PMID- 6600046 TI - Bilateral renal agenesis--an unusual case. PMID- 6600047 TI - An unusual bladder calculus. PMID- 6600048 TI - Solitary eosinophilic granuloma of mandible (a case report). PMID- 6600049 TI - Accidental hypothermia in a Zambian male with complete recovery. PMID- 6600050 TI - Gram-negative opportunist pathogens and their resistance to chemotherapeutic agents: an observation in Zambia. PMID- 6600051 TI - Rift Valley fever in Chisamba, Zambia. PMID- 6600052 TI - Herpes zoster with pulmonary tuberculosis: a report of 4 cases. PMID- 6600053 TI - Bilharzial pipe-stem portal fibrosis in pregnancy. A case report. PMID- 6600054 TI - The management of penetrating cardiac trauma. PMID- 6600055 TI - Drug demethylation by calcium-aggregated microsomes prepared from rabbit organs. PMID- 6600056 TI - The operative treatment of supratentorial gliomas. PMID- 6600057 TI - [Experimental studies of the embryotoxic effect of phosphamidon on the epithelium of convoluted kidney tubules. I. Macroscopic studies]. PMID- 6600058 TI - [Experimental studies on the embryotoxic effect of phosphamidon on the epithelium of convoluted kidney tubules. III. Submicroscopic studies]. PMID- 6600059 TI - Application of 2-thiouracil and 2,4-dithiouracil for the determination of metal ions. Part I. Spectrophotometric determination of copper and silver. PMID- 6600060 TI - [Effect of infusion solutions prepared in different containers on selected indicators of the blood of experimental animals]. PMID- 6600061 TI - [Serum copper levels in healthy persons from the rural areas of Lublin province]. PMID- 6600062 TI - [Study of the ultrastructure of epithelial cells of the seminal vesicles of rats after inhibition of the gonadotropic function of the anterior pituitary gland]. PMID- 6600063 TI - [Use of derivative-forming reagents for chromatographic analysis of short peptides]. PMID- 6600064 TI - [Effect of hydroxyzine on the spleen of female rats during pregnancy]. PMID- 6600065 TI - [The release of cortisone acetate from ointments studied by the in vitro method]. PMID- 6600066 TI - [Reaction of 1-acyl-4-(p-tolyl)-thiosemicarbazide with alpha-halogenketones. I. 4 R-3-(p-tolyl)-thiazol-2-one hydrazone and 3-amino-4-R-2-(p-tolylimino)-4 thiazoline]. PMID- 6600067 TI - [Myelinated nerve fibers of the superficial branch of the radial nerve in the postnatal life of man]. PMID- 6600068 TI - [Correlations between various elements of the internal structure of the superficial branch of the radial nerve and the age, body height and body weight]. PMID- 6600069 TI - [Urinary lead levels in the first trimester of pregnancy]. PMID- 6600070 TI - [Variations in the structure of the phrenic nerve and its roots in the postnatal life of man]. PMID- 6600071 TI - [The biological effect of selenium compounds and the pathology of its deficiency and excess in humans and animals]. PMID- 6600072 TI - The immediate results of operative treatment in supratentorial gliomas. PMID- 6600074 TI - Postoperative mortality in supratentorial gliomas. PMID- 6600073 TI - [Fascicles of the superficial branch of the radial nerve in the postnatal life of man]. PMID- 6600075 TI - [Topcontral--a new form of stabilized suspension of barium sulfate. Its clinical evaluation in the roentgenological examination of the digestive tract by the double-contrast method]. PMID- 6600076 TI - [Catecholamines in the pathogenesis of hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 6600077 TI - [Urinary excretion of catecholamines in patients with Graves-Basedow disease and hyperactive nodular goiter before and after treatment with propranolol]. PMID- 6600078 TI - [Various heart measurements in the Cercopithecus aethiops and their interrelations and relations to external body dimensions]. PMID- 6600079 TI - [The scientific and teaching activities of the Department of Foreign Languages of the Medical Academy, in Lublin]. PMID- 6600080 TI - [Immunoglobulin levels in the cervical mucus of patients with infertility of unknown etiology]. PMID- 6600081 TI - [2-Phenolazoimidazoles as chelating agents. IV. Analytical studies of 2,6 dihydroxy-3-(benzoimidazolyl-2'-azo) benzoic acid (BIAREZ-gamma)]. PMID- 6600082 TI - 3-Piperidynemethyl-5-chlorobenzoxazolinone-2 (PMB). Pharmacological estimation of the central action. PMID- 6600083 TI - [Inorganic and ester phosphorus levels in the blood of rats after administration of a single dose of chlorcholine chloride]. PMID- 6600084 TI - [Inorganic and ester phosphorus levels of the blood of rats in subchronic chlorcholine chloride poisoning]. PMID- 6600085 TI - Pharmacokinetics of amoxycillin and ampicillin in patients with renal failure. PMID- 6600086 TI - [A study of topographic and zonographic anatomy of the head]. PMID- 6600087 TI - Respiration activity and carbohydrate-lipid content during growth and starvation of Mycobacterium sp. 279. PMID- 6600088 TI - Evolution of an altruistic trait through group selection as studied by the diffusion equation method. AB - A diffusion model is formulated which incorporates the process of group selection (i.e. interdeme competition) in addition to mutation, migration, individual selection, and random genetic drift. A condition is obtained for group selection to prevail over individual selection in the evolution of an altruistic trait. Let DK = c/(v + v' + m) - 4Nes', where v' and v are mutation rates to and from the altruistic allele (A'), m is the migration rate (assuming Wright's island model), s' is the selective disadvantage of A' with respect to individual selection, Ne is the effective population size of each deme (group) and c is a positive constant such that a deme having A' with frequency x has the advantage c(x - means) relative to the average deme. Then, group selection overrides individual selection if DK greater than 0, while individual selection prevails if DK less than 0. PMID- 6600089 TI - A mathematical overview of a computer simulation model of maternity histories with illustrative examples. AB - A mathematical overview of a stochastic computer simulation model of maternity histories is provided. Various components of human reproduction are accommodated in the model through distributions of waiting times among live births. Included in these components are distributions of age at first marriage in a cohort of women, waiting times to pregnancy for fecundable women, and the lengths of infecundable periods following live births. Probabilities that pregnancies end in either a live birth, induced abortion, or some other type of outcome are also included. Elements of renewal theory and semi-Markov processes in discrete time were the basic mathematical concepts used in the construction of the model. A brief description of an interactive software package called MATHIST, which may be used to implement the model on a computer, is also included. Four illustrative computer runs with MATHIST, pertinent to the operation of family planning programmes in Africa, are also described and discussed. PMID- 6600090 TI - Parasitism in patchy environments: inverse density dependence can be stabilizing. AB - There are now many examples in the literature where the spatial distribution of per cent parasitism by insect parasitoids is either directly or inversely dependent on host density per patch. While it is well known that direct density dependent relationships can contribute markedly to the stability of a host parasitoid interaction, inverse relationships have been more-or-less ignored. Using difference equation models, the dynamics of host-parasitoid interactions are described where parasitism per patch varies across the range from direct to inversely density dependent. These models demonstrate for a variety of host distributions that inverse relationships can also strongly promote stability. PMID- 6600091 TI - Information gain in joint linkage analysis. AB - The advent of DNA sequencing and the prospect of the availability of very large numbers of marker loci have reawakened interest in linkage studies. Statistical analyses of linked genetic loci have previously been based on pairwise analysis of the loci, and/or have assumed a known ordering of them along the chromosome. For the sizes of sample available in human medical genetics, pairwise analysis may be a statistically inefficient and inconclusive procedure. It is shown that three-way data provide very much more information, particularly with regard to the problem of ordering the loci. Correct answers to questions of locus order are of particular importance in current approaches to fetal diagnosis, where counselling is based on genotypes at markers closely linked to a disease locus. Although the three-locus analysis of this paper is only a first step towards joint analysis of multilocus data, the qualitative form of the data is of the joint pattern of cosegregation of loci. The pairwise counts of recombinants and nonrecombinants used for pairwise analysis are both qualitatively and quantitatively less informative. Many practical and theoretical problems of multilocus analysis of data remain to be solved, but the practical importance of doing so is demonstrated. PMID- 6600092 TI - Generation of biological pattern and form. AB - We propose two models for pattern formation in early embryogenesis. The first deals with patterns in motile mesenchymal cells; the second treats patterns in epithelial sheets. In the mesenchymal model, cells exert tractions which deform the extracellular matrix within which they move. This in turn affects their motion. The model field equations are formulated and analysed, and applied to two widely studied phenomena: skin-organ primordia for feather and scale patterns, and the development of cartilage patterns in limb bone formation. The model for epithelial pattern formation consists of viscoelastic field equations with a calcium-controlled contraction trigger. Preliminary analysis is presented which demonstrates the existence of travelling wave solutions. PMID- 6600093 TI - A mathematical model of exoprotein production in bacteria. AB - We present a simple mathematical model for the synthesis of extracellular proteins by a class of bacteria which secrete significant quantities of this exoprotein in late-exponential and stationary phases. This model is the simplest generalization of Michaelis-Menten kinetics (the Monod model) and agrees well with laboratory experiments in batch culture. The model may serve as a simple prototype for the analysis of certain virulent bacterial infections in vivo, particularly that of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in burn wounds. PMID- 6600094 TI - A mathematical model for a thermal clearance probe. AB - We introduce a new mathematical model for a thermal clearance probe for the measurement of skin blood flow. It is concluded that the technique is more sensitive to differences in the thermal conductivity of the skin than to differences in blood flow. The depth of measurement is also considered. PMID- 6600095 TI - An integrated nursing information system--a planning model. PMID- 6600096 TI - Computer technology and emerging roles. The challenge to nursing administration. PMID- 6600097 TI - Computers for quality care. What can they do? PMID- 6600098 TI - The computer education challenge to nursing education. What? When? How? and why? PMID- 6600099 TI - Computerized documentation of community health nursing--what shall it be? PMID- 6600100 TI - Synchronized oscillations in networks of neuron analogue circuits. AB - A simplified circuit analogue of a nerve cell is introduced here. This circuit is based on modulation of a voltage-controlled oscillator by signals entering through a circuit analogue of a chemical synapse. Phase locking of frequency encoded information is described, and it is shown that large networks can sustain stable spatial patterns of phase-locked behaviour. PMID- 6600101 TI - Behaviour of some models of myelinated axons. AB - In this paper we discuss several approaches to modelling myelinated axons and examine the qualitative behaviour of the models. To facilitate our goal of understanding in detail the differences in mechanisms modelling myelination, we impose at the nodes the simplest nonlinear current-voltage relation which allows the models to possess appropriate threshold behaviour and propagating action potentials (travelling waves). Our type of model is a nonlinear differential difference system and the resulting travelling wave must satisfy a nonlinear delay-differential equation of mixed type. Another type of model is a diffusion equation coupled nonlinearly to ordinary differential systems whose solutions represent boundary data for the diffusion equation. We give some threshold results and derive a relationship between conduction speed and various model parameters for a few classes of these models. PMID- 6600102 TI - An age-structured model of pre- and post-vaccination measles transmission. AB - An infection like measles does not spread uniformly in populations from Europe and North America. Of special importance is a pronounced age-dependency in the contact rates, because of increased infection transmission within schools. Therefore an age-structured epidemiologic model is investigated here, which also pays attention to the fact that children are promoted grade-wise into and out of school. Simulation results are contrasted with pre- and post-vaccination measles data from England and Wales and the model is shown to perform better than previous global mass-action models. PMID- 6600103 TI - Nonrandom sampling in human genetics: familial correlations. AB - In the context of human genetics, sampling is often nonrandom in that pedigrees are frequently selected by virtue of their having at least one affected individual. For quantitative traits, it may be that the proband is selected because of a phenotypic value above some predetermined cut-point; this will also be true for diseases defined by a cut-point above which individuals are said to be affected (e.g. diabetes, hypertension, and obesity). Relatively little attention has been given to the implications of these forms of nonrandom sampling. In this paper, we show that the biases introduced by such sampling are sufficient to lead to erroneous model specification and biased parameter estimates in path analysis. Existing methodologies used to correct for such sampling (e.g., elimination of proband or regression techniques) also result in similar bias in estimation and model fitting. Thus, it is possible to make inferences which do not reflect underlying biology, but are artifacts of the sampling design. As a consequence, method-of-moment estimators are developed for means, variances, and correlations under such sampling. Simulation results are used to demonstrate the superiority of this method over alternate strategies. PMID- 6600104 TI - Spatial, temporal, and genetic heterogeneity in host populations and the design of immunization programmes. AB - The relevance of heterogeneity in infectious disease transmission to the design of immunization programmes is examined by the use of simple deterministic models of recurrent epidemic behaviour. In the context of spatial heterogeneity it is shown that an optimal vaccination programme, which concentrates on groups with relatively high density, can lead to eradication with overall coverage levels less than those estimated by a model which assumes homogeneity in host spatial distribution. Age-related heterogeneity in transmission can result in higher or lower coverage levels than those predicted by models which assume age-independent transmission, depending on the quantitative detail of how transmission changes with age. Genetic heterogeneity in host susceptibility to infection is shown to produce effects that are similar to those induced by age-related changes in transmission. It is concluded that much greater attention should be focused on transmission heterogeneity in future work on models of recurrent epidemic behaviour and the design of immunization programmes. PMID- 6600105 TI - Some new directions for research in epidemic models. AB - Problems requiring further development of epidemic theory are discussed. One important area is the association between progressive disease and horizontally transmitted agents, as in, e.g., the current epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) which has been linked to spread of a virus. Models of disease transmission must be combined with models of disease progression. More work is also needed to explain why the annual incidence of some diseases fluctuates dramatically, often in regular cycles, rather than stabilizing at a predictable level. PMID- 6600106 TI - Some population and epidemic models revisited. AB - Three problems of population and epidemic models formulated between ten and thirty years ago are reconsidered. In each case, a modified approach to the problem leads to its solution. For the two-sex population model, the solution of a Riccati equation results in an expression for the generating function of the process. The fully stochastic, as against the previously studied semistochastic, model of population growth with random catastrophes yields to hard analysis. Finally a generalized form of the general stochastic epidemic is solved using matrix geometric methods. PMID- 6600107 TI - Qualitative analysis of reaction-diffusion systems modelling coupled unmyelinated nerve axons. AB - A reaction-diffusion system based on FitzHugh-Nagumo dynamics is used to model the interactions between several neighbouring unmyelinated nerve fibres. A generalization of the idea of contracting blocks is used to establish global existence and stability results. PMID- 6600108 TI - A review of semi-parametric models for life histories. AB - The development of various generalizations of Cox's proportional hazards regression model to the study of more complicated life histories is reviewed. Cox's paper provided a framework for the regression modelling of single failure (deaths) in terms of a proportional hazards assumption and subsequent work has extended this approach to the cases of multiple (non-catastrophic) failures, multi-state life histories, non-independent failure times (family studies and matched pairs), and more complicated censoring mechanisms. PMID- 6600109 TI - Matrix-geometric methods for the general stochastic epidemic. AB - This paper outlines a matrix-geometric formulation of the general stochastic epidemic for the case of a generalized infection mechanism. The forward Kolmogorov equations of the system are derived, and the Laplace transforms of the state probabilities obtained recursively. These lead to the probabilities of survivors of the epidemic. The stochastic threshold theorem for the generalized case is stated. PMID- 6600110 TI - The master equation for neural interaction. AB - Based on neural interaction equations a random walk model for the stochastic dynamics of a single neuron is introduced. In this model the somatic potential corresponds to a state in the state space and action potentials provide the mechanism causing transitions. Time is made discrete, consisting of small finite increments delta t; assumptions are made about the transitions within such an increment and the associated probabilities are formulated. These quantities depend on delta t and on parameters derived from neural interaction equations. Moreover the model is chosen so that the sequence of somatic potentials is a Markov chain. By appropriately scaling the parameters, in the limit as delta t--- 0, a master equation for the probability in continuous time is obtained. Depending on the parameters, the master equation describes the evolution of a deterministic, a diffusion, or a discrete process. An interpretation for the diffusion and discrete processes is outlined. The conclusion is that the stochastic equations for neural interaction lead to a master equation representing a diffusion or a discrete process depending on the number, size of synaptic connectivity coefficients, and probability distribution of neural activity. An example is included describing how a master equation may be used to derive properties of the single neuron's output process. PMID- 6600111 TI - New cytomorphologic methods in the diagnosis of bone tumors: possibilities and limitations. AB - The value of new morphologic methods in the diagnosis of bone tumors is demonstrated in a number of cases. In round cell malignancies (Ewing's sarcoma, malignant lymphoma, neuroblastoma, and anaplastic plasmacytoma) diagnostic accuracy can be improved by electron microscopic and immunohistochemical techniques. New methods are also of value in differentiating the metastatic carcinoma from malignant bone primaries. Electron microscopy may show epithelial cell features (ie, gland structures, desmosomes, and tonofilaments), while immunohistologic investigation of the cytoskeleton may facilitate differentiation of epithelial cells (positive for prekeratin) from mesenchymal cells (positive for vimentin). In the differential diagnosis of typical bone tumors, however, such as osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma, the value of enzyme histochemical, electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical methods appears somewhat restricted: alkaline phosphatase activity may be increased in both chondrosarcoma and osteosarcoma; collagen type II, the cartilage-specific collagen, is found not only in chondrosarcoma but in osteosarcoma as well. Moreover, osteosarcomas may contain a considerable number of macrophages and histiocytes, and so this feature is worthless in distinguishing osteosarcoma from malignant fibrous histiocytoma. A new approach for appraising the malignancy of bone tumors may be through flow cytometric investigation of nuclear DNA content. Osteosarcomas reveal DNA aneuploidies in more than 80% of cases, with a large proportion of cells in the S phase. These features may prove valuable for discerning osteosarcoma from myositis ossificans. In contrast to typical giant cell tumor of bone, a rare case of malignant giant cell tumor showed aneuploid cell lines indicating the malignant nature of the tumor. PMID- 6600112 TI - Borderline osteoblastic tumors: problems in the differential diagnosis of aggressive osteoblastoma and low-grade osteosarcoma. AB - A series of 102 benign osteoblastic tumors of multiple skeletal sites was reviewed, and on the basis of their clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features they were classified into three diagnostic categories: osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, and aggressive osteoblastoma. A historic review of the development of the nomenclature of benign osteoblastic tumors, with special emphasis on the evolving concept of aggressive and malignant behavior, is presented. Histologic criteria for the recognition of aggressive osteoblastoma are presented and illustrated in connection with the 15 cases so classified in the present series. The differential diagnosis of aggressive osteoblastoma and low-grade osteosarcoma is discussed. In defining the problem of differentiating locally aggressive osteoblastic lesions from potentially metastasizing tumors, the authors propose that four categories of these osteoblastic tumors can be defined: (1) Innocuous appearing low-grade osteosarcomas that resemble osteoblastomas histologically. This mimicry accounts for most errors in diagnosis. (2) Rare osteoblastomas that have undergone spontaneous transformation into osteosarcomas. (3) Very rare, clinically and radiologically typical osteoblastomas that show pseudosarcomatous histologic features but pursue a benign course. (4) Locally aggressive osteoblastomas that are likely to recur, do not metastasize, and show characteristic and recognizable histologic features. PMID- 6600113 TI - Central axis depth dose data for use in radiotherapy. A survey of depth doses and related data measured in water or equivalent media. PMID- 6600114 TI - X rays: half-value layer range 0.01-8.0 mm A1 (approx. 6-150 kV peak potential difference). PMID- 6600115 TI - The equivalent-field method for dose determinations in rectangular fields. PMID- 6600117 TI - Definition of tissue--air ratio. PMID- 6600116 TI - Equivalent half-value layers. PMID- 6600118 TI - X rays: half-value layer range 0.5 mm-4.0 mm Cu. PMID- 6600119 TI - Gamma radiation from caesium 137 teletherapy units. PMID- 6600120 TI - Gamma radiation from cobalt 60 teletherapy units. PMID- 6600121 TI - Coping with the low-fee competitors. PMID- 6600122 TI - How to motivate inactive patients. PMID- 6600123 TI - Seven tips for developing a new dental practice. PMID- 6600124 TI - [Treatment effect of pocket elimination and coronal reshaping by recording the sounds of tooth impact]. PMID- 6600125 TI - [The mechanism of dental plaque and dental calculus formation by Fibronectin. 3. Quantitative analysis of Fibronectin in saliva flow]. PMID- 6600126 TI - [The mechanism of dental plaque and dental calculus formation by Fibronectin. 4. Demonstration by Fibronectin in the dental calculus]. PMID- 6600127 TI - [Collagen phagocytosis by osteoblast-like cells of mouse calvaria in vitro: an electron microscopic study]. PMID- 6600128 TI - [Dental behavioral science. Part I. The assessment of oral health status by factor analysis]. PMID- 6600129 TI - [Epidemiological study of periodontal disease in an island in Nagasaki prefecture]. PMID- 6600130 TI - [Epidemiological survey on periodontal disease in the employees of two banks with CPITN (Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs)--the primary report]. PMID- 6600131 TI - [A study on correlation between post-operative pain and personality in dentistry]. PMID- 6600132 TI - [Specific physicochemical properties of apatites. Part 3. Buffering capacity for H+ ions]. PMID- 6600133 TI - [Tensile, compressive and bending yield strength of various dental casting alloys]. PMID- 6600134 TI - [Initial polymerization shrinkage of composite restorative resins]. PMID- 6600135 TI - [Properties of dental zinc phosphate cement by mechanical mixing (I). Standard consistency and compressive strength]. PMID- 6600136 TI - [Studies on dental self-curing resins (26). Effect of 4-META and 4-MET addition to the MMA-TBBO resin]. PMID- 6600137 TI - [Application of Fe-Pd system shape memory alloys to dentistry. Part 1. On the shape memory effect, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties]. PMID- 6600138 TI - [Nickel solubility from nickel-chromium dental casting alloys for crown and bridge]. PMID- 6600139 TI - [The mechanical properties and fracture type of Ni-Cr casting alloys for crown and bridge]. PMID- 6600140 TI - [Pemphigus. Epidemiological, electron microscopy and immunological study]. PMID- 6600141 TI - Influence of capsaicin on induction of the periodontal-masseteric reflex by chemical stimulation of the rat periodontium. PMID- 6600142 TI - Maximum bite force values of children in different age groups. PMID- 6600143 TI - The dental and oral condition and the need for treatment among the residents of municipal old people's homes in Finland. PMID- 6600144 TI - Thermal versus photochemical damage in the retina--thermal calculations for exposure limits. AB - Different kinds of damage can be produced by intense light irradiation of the retina. These types of damage can be separated into changes which are induced by photochemical or thermal effects in the tissue. Photochemical damage occurs mainly with intense irradiation of a few seconds or longer whereas thermal effects appear to prevail at irradiation times in the 1 ms to 1000 ms-range. Distinction between photochemical and thermal damage is very difficult because both types of injury appear as disorders in the retinal pigment epithelium and the outer segments of the photoreceptors. A thermal model has therefore been developed which takes into account the light absorption in the different layers of RPE and choroid and allows the calculation of the temporal development of temperature at each site and depth of the fundus. Model calculations are used to correlate exposure parameters (wavelength, irradiance, exposure time etc.) with the resulting temperature profiles. This correlation leads to a better distinction between exposure limits for thermal and photochemical damage of the retina. PMID- 6600146 TI - A question of ethics. PMID- 6600145 TI - Correlation of the frequency and intensity of headache to mandibular dysfunction in headache patients. PMID- 6600147 TI - Primary bronchial melanoma. PMID- 6600148 TI - Gastric carcinoma following partial gastrectomy for benign disease. PMID- 6600150 TI - [Treatment of antiepileptic drug-induced osteomalacia with 1 alpha-OH vitamin D3 (alpha-D3)]. PMID- 6600149 TI - Microsurgical anterior approach to cervical discs. Review of 60 consecutive cases of discectomy without fusion. AB - During the past six years 60 patients have undergone anterior cervical microsurgical discectomy without exogenous intercorporal grafting using the operating microscope. This alternative method of treatment is a further refinement of previous techniques for the removal of cervical disc protrusions, which fulfils all the criteria of effective surgery. Discectomy provides ample exposure of the neural elements through the disc space. The visualisation of the underlying pathology is adequate through direct light and magnification of the operating microscope. A radical surgery is possible without danger of injury to the nervous structures or to the vertebral artery. The functional stability of the adjacent vertebral segment is, present immediately after discectomy. A spontaneous fusion occurs in 70% of cases in six months to one year. Risks and complications of the procedure are few. Long term results are excellent, with overall benefit from surgery in 95% of cases. Comparing the results of anterior microdiscectomy without bone grafting with those of other procedures, there are no significant differences. PMID- 6600151 TI - Interferon-inducing, pyrogenic and proclotting enzyme of horseshoe crab activation activities of chemically synthesized lipid A analogues. AB - Interferon-inducing, pyrogenic and proclotting enzyme of horseshoe crab activation activities of chemically synthesized lipid A analogues were investigated and compared with the same activities of a natural lipid A. These analogues are nonphosphorylated, C-1 or C-4' monophosphorylated and C-1,4' bisphosphorylated derivatives of beta-1,6-linked D-glucosamine disaccharide possessing both ester-bound and amide-bound fatty acid substituents. Fatty acid substituents of the analogues are tetradecanoyl (C14), (R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl (C14-OH) or (R)-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl [C14-O-(C14)] groups. The biological activities of the samples were assayed after solubilization with triethylamine and complexing with bovine serum albumin. Interferon-inducing activity was exhibited by both the C-1 monophosphorylated compounds examined. Ester-bound and amide-bound fatty acid substituents of these compounds are both C14 or C14 and C14-OH, respectively. Nonphosphorylated, C-4' monophosphorylated and C-1,4' bisphosphorylated compounds possessing the same fatty acid substituents as those of the C-1 monophosphorylated compounds showed no detectable interferon-inducing activity. C-4' monophosphorylated compounds possessing C14-OH as ester-bound and C14-OH or C14-O-(C14) as amide-bound fatty acid substituents exhibited interferon-inducing activity, but nonphosphorylated compounds possessing the same fatty acid substituents did not. None of the analogues exhibited significant pyrogenicity nor proclotting enzyme of horseshoe crab activation activity under the conditions employed in this study. PMID- 6600152 TI - Stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity by catecholamines and prostaglandins E during differentiation of rabbit bone marrow erythroid cells. AB - After fractionation of rabbit bone marrow into erythroid cells at different developmental stages adenylate cyclase activity of membrane ghosts was assayed in the presence of sodium fluoride, catecholamines or prostaglandins E. Both basal and fluoride-stimulated adenylate cyclase decreased continuously during differentiation. Only catecholamines having beta 2-adrenergic activity stimulated adenylate cyclase and their effect was restricted to the most immature cells, the proerythroblasts and, to a lesser extent, the basophilic erythroblasts. Thus, uncoupling of beta-adrenergic receptors occurs early in erythroblast development and hormone responsiveness is lost before the final cell division. Prostaglandin E receptors and adenylate cyclase remain coupled throughout erythroid cell development. PMID- 6600153 TI - Sulfated glycosaminoglycans synthesized by fibroblast, smooth muscle and endothelium-like cells grown in culture. AB - Monolayer cultures of fibroblast, smooth muscle and endothelium-like cells incorporated 35SO2-(4) into glycosaminoglycans of the extracellular, pericellular and intracellular compartments. These glycosaminoglycans have been identified on the basis of electrophoretic mobility, enzymatic degradation with specific mucopolysaccharidases and by the type of degradation products formed. The sulfated glycosaminoglycans from the extracellular pool of the three cell types show a similar composition, while the intracellular and pericellular pools of the three cells have a different glycosaminoglycans composition. They differ in the relative proportion of heparitin sulfate and chondroitin sulfate and in the structure of isomeric chondroitin sulfate. PMID- 6600154 TI - Compartmentalization of DNA polymerases, alpha and gamma, in maturing oocytes of the loach (Misgurnus fossilis L.). AB - The nuclei (germinal vesicles - GV) were isolated from the maturing oocytes of the loach (Misgurnus fossilis L.) by means of microsurgery. The activities of DNA polymerases, alpha and gamma, in the extracts of GV and enucleated oocytes were determined by two techniques: from crude extracts and following ultracentrifugation of the extracts in glycerol gradients. Nearly 80% of the total alpha-polymerase activity was shown to be associated with GV while the gamma-polymerase activity was revealed in the cytoplasm. The accumulation of non histone nuclear proteins in the GV during oocyte maturation was demonstrated by means of autoradiography. PMID- 6600155 TI - Stimulation of spermatogonial DNA synthesis in slug gonad by a factor released from cerebral ganglia under the influence of long days. AB - Incorporation of [3H]thymidine into gonadal DNA was shown to increase 1 week after implantation into an immature slug (Limax maximus) of a "brain" (circumesophageal ring of ganglia) from a male-phase donor. Light microscope autoradiography revealed that in stimulated gonads labeling was localized primarily in the nuclei of spermatagonia. Implant-stimulated spermatogonial DNA synthesis was found to depend upon implantation of supraesophageal (cerebral) ganglia. Neither subesophageal ganglia implants nor immature supraesophageal implants had an effect. Thymidine incorporation could also be stimulated by exposure of slugs to long-day lightcycles (LD 16:8) for 3 to 4 weeks. Similar duration of long-day treatment was also adequate to trigger male-phase development even after animals were returned to short days (LD 8:16). The results are consistent with the view that 3 to 4 weeks of long-day lightcycles are required to promote irreversibly the release from slug cerebral ganglia of a male phase gonadotropic factor which directly or indirectly promotes spermatogonial proliferation. PMID- 6600156 TI - [Skin tests, RAST and provocation tests with a purified acarian extract (Pharmalgen) in respiratory hypersensitivity]. AB - The diagnostic value of a purified and standardized extract of the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Pharmalgen, Pharmacia) has been tested by nasal or bronchial allergic provocation tests (PT). 50 patients (31 with rhinitis and 19 with asthma) who had a skin test and RAST positive for D. ptero. were tested: all had a positive PT. 47% of the patients with asthma had a late phase of bronchial obstruction. PT were negative in 18 subjects not allergic to D. ptero. It is concluded that, although specific, PT are not necessary if the diagnosis has already been established by the association of a positive skin test and RAST. PMID- 6600157 TI - [The development of the human face (from the 1st embryonic stage to the 1st steps)]. PMID- 6600159 TI - Elimination of L5178Y cells from tumor-dormant DBA/2 mice by specific active immunotherapy. AB - Cytolytic T-lymphocytes (CTL) can be repeatedly stimulated in L5178Y cell tumor dormant DBA/2 mice by the i.p. inoculation of 2 X 10(6) X-irradiated L5178Y cells. The restimulated CTL activity has the same kinetics of generation and decline and the same target cell specificity as does the CTL response generated during establishment of the L5178Y cell tumor dormant state. No increase in adherent cell-mediated cytolytic activity or cytolytic or cytophilic anti-L5178Y antibody can be detected after inoculation of irradiated L5178Y cells. The repeated stimulation of CTL activity in tumor-dormant DBA/2 mice results in the elimination of L5178Y cells from a significant number of tumor-dormant mice. PMID- 6600158 TI - Relationship between mezerein-mediated biological responses and phorbol ester receptor occupancy. AB - The phorbol ester analog, mezerein, is a weak complete and Stage 1 tumor promoter; however, it is as potent as the most active phorbol esters as a second stage promoter and inflammatory agent. Therefore, mezerein is a useful compound for studying responses associated with Stage 1 or Stage 2 promotion. In this paper, we show that in G-292 osteosarcoma cells in culture, mezerein is 25-fold more potent in causing a decrease in binding of epidermal growth factor to its specific cellular receptor than in inducing prostaglandin E2 production. This differential potency for these two actions was not noted for other phorbol esters. Our findings indicate that mezerein interacts with the major phorbol dibutyrate receptor to increase prostaglandin E2 production and also either with a distinct cellular target with a higher affinity or the same target with increased efficacy to cause a decrease in the binding of epidermal growth factor. These human osteosarcoma cells thus provide a model system to facilitate analysis of phorbol ester receptor heterogeneity. PMID- 6600160 TI - High-molecular-weight transforming growth factor activity in the urine of patients with disseminated cancer. AB - Urine from 22 patients with a variety of disseminated cancers and from an equivalent number of nonmalignant controls of similar age and sex was tested for the presence of transforming growth factor (TGF) activity as measured by the ability to promote the growth in soft agar of nontransformed indicator cells. Cancer patients included those with carcinomas of the lung, breast, colon, and ovary, as well as melanomas and sarcomas. The nonmalignant controls included both normals and individuals with a variety of inflammatory and infectious disorders. Aliquots of unfrozen urine were acid extracted, chromatographed on a Bio-Gel P-30 column, and then tested for TGF activity using normal rat kidney fibroblasts and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-competing activity with human carcinoma A431 cells. These assays revealed that a high-molecular-weight TGF activity (Mr 30,000 to 35,000) which coelutes with EGF-competing activity was present in 18 of 22 cancer patients but present in only five of 22 nonmalignant controls (p less than 0.01). In contrast, a low-molecular-weight TGF activity (Mr 6000 to 8000) which does not coelute with EGF-competing activity was found in all urines tested. These results indicate that an EGF-related, high-molecular-weight TGF activity is found in the urine of cancer patients and may be a useful tumor marker. Unlike other tumor markers described previously, high-molecular-weight TGF activity has a biological activity which is related to the expression of the transformed phenotype. PMID- 6600161 TI - Circulating immune complexes and tumor cell cytotoxins as prognostic indicators in malignant melanoma: a prospective study of 53 patients. AB - To evaluate the relationship between tumor burden and circulating immune complexes (IC) in malignant melanoma, we tested sera collected serially from 15 normal donors and 53 patients. Forty-eight of these had Stage III or IV disease at the outset of the study. The median survival time (MST) of ten patients with Stage IV disease whose sera contained C1q-binding IC at the outset of the study was 4.7 months; the MST of the 25 Stage IV patients whose sera were initially free of IC by this test was 8.65 months (p less than 0.02). C1q-binding IC were not found in the initial serum samples from 13 patients with Stage III or 5 patients with Stage I disease. Abnormal C1q binding tests were measured in 4 of 67 sera (6%) from 13 patients who remained free of evident tumor for up to 41 months. IC were detected in 13 of 39 sera (33%) from 19 patients with progressively growing tumors and in 21 of 68 sera (31%) from 21 patients who were initially free of disease but developed recurrences later, or who had significant remissions of variable duration during follow-up. The MST of 31 patients whose serial serum samples remained free of C1q-binding IC was 15.8 months. Twelve patients whose sera were initially free of circulating IC later developed abnormal serum C1q-binding levels. Their MST was 10.3 months. The MST of ten patients with persistently abnormal serum IC levels was 4.7 months. C1q-binding IC were reciprocally related to the presence of complement-dependent antibodies, cytotoxic for cultured allogeneic malignant melanoma cells in sera from 29 of these patients (r = -0.491;p = 0.003). These results suggest that the appearance of circulating C1q-binding IC is pathophysiologically important in malignant melanoma. Measurement of C1q-binding IC may be useful in assigning prognosis in this disease. PMID- 6600162 TI - Serum and cerebrospinal fluid distribution of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate after intravenous calcium leucovorin and intra-Ommaya methotrexate administration in patients with meningeal carcinomatosis. AB - Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of citrovorum factor (CF) and 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid (5-MTHFA) were measured after i.v. infusion of leucovorin (50 or 100 mg/sq m) in seven patients undergoing treatment for meningeal carcinomatosis by intra-Ommaya reservoir injection of methotrexate (MTX). Serum CF levels rapidly rose after leucovorin administration as did 5 MTHFA, its conversion product. A small amount of CF entered the CSF, but peak CSF 5-MTHFA increased about 10-fold. The concentration X time (C X t) of additional 5 MTHFA in the CSF was greater [114.4 +/- 36.1 (S.E.) microgram/ml X min] after 100 mg/sq m doses of leucovorin than after 50 mg/sq m [14.2 +/- 4.3 micrograms/ml X min] (p less than 0.05). The CSF MTX concentration exceeded CSF 5-MTHFA by 2 to 3 logs throughout the 48 hr of observation, while serum 5-MTHFA and CF exceeded serum MTX by 0.5 to 2 logs. This study demonstrates that leucovorin administered i.v. to patients receiving intra-Ommaya MTX does not increase CSF concentrations of "rescue" folate above those of CSF MTX and are unlikely to interfere with MTX action against meningeal tumor. On the other hand, i.v. leucovorin does permit serum "rescue" folate to operate, thus reducing the systemic toxicity that may follow intraventricular administration of MTX. PMID- 6600163 TI - Effect of intraoperative MI on late survival after CABG. PMID- 6600164 TI - Effect of thyroid hormones on epidermal growth factor concentration in neonatal mouse skin. AB - T4 and epidermal growth factor (EGF), given exogenously, both promote similar maturational events in the skin of newborn mice, i.e. precocious incisor eruption and eyelid opening. Moreover, T4 markedly increases the concentration of EGF in developing mouse submandibular glands. To examine the effect(s) of thyroid hormones on local cutaneous levels of EGF, a rapid and sensitive double antibody RIA was developed and standardized for newborn mouse skin. After fixed daily injections of T4, immunoreactive EGF concentrations in whole skin homogenates showed a dose-dependent increase when measured on postnatal days 4, 6, and 17. A similar increase was seen after T3 treatment, but administration of the structurally similar, metabolically inactive analog rT3 produced no significant effect on EGF concentrations. Induction of experimental hypothyroidism with propylthiouracil (PTU) and methimazole produced a relative decrease in skin EGF levels on postnatal day 8. Maternal sialoadenectomy did not result in a significant decrease in neonatal skin EGF, suggesting the presence of an extrasalivary source(s). These studies suggest that the epidermal maturation that follows thyroid hormone administration is mediated by local tissue levels of EGF. Moreover, the results admit of a possible physiological relation between thyroid hormones and EGF during postnatal cutaneous development. PMID- 6600165 TI - Cells isolated from embryonic intestine synthesize 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3 and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3 in culture. AB - Cells isolated from embryonic chick intestine in culture convert 25 hydroxyvitamin-D3 to a number of more polar metabolites. Two of these metabolites have been identified with chemical and chromatographic methods as 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin-D3 (24,25(OH)2D3) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3 (1,25(OH)2D3). The enzymes conform to substrate saturation kinetics. The apparent Km for substrate for the synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 is 70 nM and 29 nM, respectively. PMID- 6600166 TI - Is epidermal growth factor necessary. PMID- 6600167 TI - Identification of the serotonin- synthesizing endocrine cells in the rat stomach by electron microscopic radioautography and amine fluorescence. PMID- 6600168 TI - Extraadrenal steroid 21-hydroxylase activity in a woman with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency. AB - The 21-hydroxylation of plasma progesterone (P) has been demonstrated in pregnant, nonpregnant, and adrenalectomized women and in men. The fractional conversion of plasma progesterone to deoxycorticosterone (DOC), [rho]P-DOC BU, among those subjects was 0.009 +/- 0.001 (mean +/- SEM, n = 32). The [rho]P-DOC BU in a woman with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to apparent adrenal steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency was 0.010 when she was taking cortisone acetate, and the [rho]P-DOC BU determined when she was not taking cortisone acetate was 0.012. Moreover, the value computed for the fractional conversion of 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone to 11-deoxycortisol in this woman (0.004) was similar to that observed in a woman with normal adrenal function (0.005). Therefore, extraadrenal 21-hydroxylase activity in a woman with nonsalt-losing congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency was similar to that found in persons with normal adrenal function. PMID- 6600169 TI - Peripheral blood and intrathyroidal mononuclear cell populations in patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders enumerated using monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6600170 TI - Transient effect of L-5-hydroxytryptophan on pituitary function in men and women. AB - To further elucidate the role of serotonin in the secretion of pituitary hormones, a loading dose of 0.8 mg/kg for 1 h, following by a maintenance dose of 0.1 mg/kg . h of L-5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) for 23 h were administered iv to five normal men and five normal women. Five additional men received repeated loading doses of 5-HTP 4 and 6 h after the initial one, with or without the maintenance dose. The initial studies demonstrated a significant, but transient, increase in plasma PRL, GH, cortisol (P less than 0.01) and TSH (P less than 0.05) in the five man and a consistent and significant transient increase only in PRL and cortisol in the five women. Plasma LH and FSH values were not affected by 5-HTP administration. The constant administration of 5-HTP revealed a blunting effect on the nocturnal rise of TSH in men. The continuous administration of 5 HTP failed to maintain the rise induced by the loading dose. Individuals receiving additional loading doses of 5-HTP demonstrated a subsequent increase in GH and cortisol, but not in serum PRL. This study suggests that endogenous serotonin may exert its stimulatory effect on pituitary hormone secretion primarily by sporadic release, rather than by continuous secretion. PMID- 6600171 TI - Dexamethasone induces different cellular protein synthetic responses in PNA+ and PNA- mouse thymocyte subpopulations. AB - Thymocytes from adrenalectomized BALB/c male mice were separated by peanut agglutination (PNA) into cortical, corticosensitive, PNA+ cells and larger, medullary, corticoresistant, PNA- cells; the extent of cross-contamination of PNA+ and PNA- cells, and vice versa, was checked by flow microfluorometry. Glucocorticoid receptor profiles were established with 3H-dexamethasone as probe; no differences in receptor affinity or cellular concentration, or in cytoplasmic and nuclear compartmentalization were seen between PNA+ and PNA- cells. On two dimensional gel electrophoresis, PNA+ and PNA- thymocytes from oil-injected (control) adrenalectomized mice showed patterns of incorporation of 35S methionine into protein that differed in at least 12 spots, as revealed by autoradiography. PNA+ and PNA- cells from mice treated with submaximal (6 micrograms/day) or near-maximal thymolytic doses of dexamethasone (20 micrograms/day) were also examined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Both PNA+ and PNA- cells showed substantial, overlapping dexamethasone-induced changes in protein synthetic profiles. PMID- 6600172 TI - Prothymocytes in postirradiation regenerating rat thymuses: a model for studying early stages in T cell differentiation. AB - Prothymocytes were obtained from regenerating thymuses of intrathymic-irradiated, bone marrow-shielded rats. In contrast to cortical thymocytes, which are small nondividing cells containing nuclear TdT, prothymocytes are characterized by their large size, high mitotic activity, lack of natural attachment, absence of PNA-binding capacity, nonexpression of membranal thymic specific antigens, and absence of nuclear TdT. In addition, these cells are capable of responding to the mitogens Con-A and PHA, and are sensitive to in vitro lysis by physiologic concentrations of corticosterone and cortisol. Prothymocytes incubated for 3 days on thymic monolayers differentiated into small lymphocytes expressing cortical thymocyte characteristics. Light and electron microscopy studies demonstrated the infiltration of prothymocytes from the circulation via the thymic blood vessel wall into the perivascular sinuses. Prothymocytes isolated from the thymuses, however, did not exhibit specific "homing" to the thymus when transfused back into the animals. In view of the observed accelerated thymic repopulation in adrenalectomized rats, and the high in vitro glucocorticoid sensitivity of the prothymocytes, it is suggested that thymic homeostasis is regulated by specific effect of adrenocortical hormones on the prothymocyte subset. PMID- 6600173 TI - Cell surface phenotype of lymphoid cells from normal mice and mice treated with monoclonal anti-IgD from birth. AB - Mice treated from birth with mouse monoclonal anti-IgD antibodies develop low frequencies of B cells in the spleen, a small percentage of which express very low levels of sIgD on their cell surface and extremely low frequencies of B cells in their lymph nodes, lacking sIgD entirely. However, the splenic B cells are phenotypically mature in that a high percentage of these cells express Lyb-5, indicating that the expression of sIgD is not a prerequisite for the acquisition of a mature surface antigen repertoire of B cells. In contrast, a high density of sIgM on splenic B cells is expressed, which suggests a predominance of cells with the phenotype of immature B cells and/or activated B cells. Furthermore, the spleen cells from anti-IgD-treated mice lack cells that respond to in vitro stimulation by LPS with an increase in the density of their sIa. PMID- 6600174 TI - Characterization of warm-reactive IgG anti-lymphocyte antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. Relative specificity for mitogen-activated T cells and their soluble products. AB - In addition to previously described cold-reactive IgM anti-lymphocyte antibodies maximally cytotoxic for resting cells at 15 degrees C, sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were found to contain a new type of antibody preferentially reactive at physiologic temperatures with mitogen-activated lymphocytes. This antibody lacked specificity for unstimulated lymphocytes, and was shown to be of the IgG class both by indirect immunofluorescence and in immunochemical experiments. Certain SLE sera also contained IgG antibodies with the capacity to develop plaques with mitogen-activated T lymphocyte preparations used in a reverse hemolytic plaque assay, indicating reactivity with products released by activated cells. The elimination of the ability of SLE sera to develop plaques after absorption with viable mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes, but not with resting cells, suggested that these antibodies were directed toward activation "neoantigen(s)" shed from the cell surface membrane. Surface membrane phenotype analyses performed by using a variety of monoclonal antibody reagents indicated that the plaque-forming cells (PFC) detected with SLE sera were activated T lymphocytes not restricted to single OKT4+, OKT8+, or Ia antigen+ subpopulations. Essentially all PFC expressed transferrin receptors. The present data raise the possibility that certain of the interesting effects of anti lymphocyte antibodies on immunologic function in SLE may be mediated by interactions of these new type(s) of antibodies with activated lymphocytes or their products, rather than through blocking or depletion effects on resting precursor cells. PMID- 6600175 TI - Cell surface antigens and other characteristics of T cells regulating the antibody response to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide. AB - The administration of a subimmunogenic dose of type III pneumococcal polysaccharide (SSS-III) produces an antigen-specific T cell-dependent phenomenon termed low-dose paralysis (immunologic unresponsiveness). This form of unresponsiveness can be transferred by spleen cells obtained 5 to 24 hr after priming, and the suppressive activity of the transferred cells is abolished by prior treatment with monoclonal anti-Lyt-2 and anti-I-J antibody in the presence of complement, indicating that suppression is mediated by a distinct subset of T cells (suppressor T cells). If primed spleen cells are transferred 24 to 72 hr after immunization with SSS-III, however, the resulting antibody response of immunized recipients is enhanced. Greater enhancement is noted when transferred cells, pretreated with monoclonal anti-Lyt-2 antibody plus complement to remove suppressor T cells, are used; such enhancement is attributed to amplifier T cells. These findings indicate suppressor T cells regulate the antibody response to SSS-III by influencing the expansion of SSS-III-specific clones of B cells as well as the expression of amplifier T cell activity; the latter causes B cells to proliferate further in response to SSS-III. PMID- 6600176 TI - Immunohistologic analysis of lymphoid infiltrates in primary Sjogren's syndrome using monoclonal antibodies. AB - The characterization of lymphocytes infiltrating salivary glands in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (1 degree SS) yields insights to disease pathogenesis that are not revealed by studies of the corresponding peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) alone. We analyzed salivary gland lymphocytes (SGL) and PBL in 14 patients with untreated 1 degree SS using monoclonal antibodies that detect T cells, T cell subsets, B cells, and antigens associated with lymphocyte activation. A four-step biotin-avidin immunoperoxidase technique was used for salivary gland frozen sections; cell suspensions and PBL were stained cytofluorographically. A predominance of T cells (Leu 1 = L17F12; Leu 4 = OKT3) was found in SGL (greater than 75%) and PBL (76 +/- 9%) with the majority belonging to the Leu 3a (OKT4) subset. A minority of B cells (anti-delta, -kappa, -lambda) was present in both SGL and PBL; however, a subset of B cells defined by monoclonal antibody B532 was present in SGL (5 to 20%) but was absent from PBL. An increased prevalence of activation antigens (Ia; OKT10) was found on SGL T cells (greater than 50% positive) compared to PBL T cells (less than 15% positive). These studies demonstrate that specific antigenic markers on lymphocytes at the site of inflammation in 1 degree SS differ significantly from those of the corresponding PBL. These differences emphasize that theories of disease pathogenesis of 1 degree SS must include studies on SGL. PMID- 6600177 TI - The effect of temperature on the activation of thymocytes by interleukins I and II. AB - Endogenous pyrogen (EP) and interleukin (IL 1) appear to be closely related or identical. We therefore conducted experiments to test whether the central action of EP (fever) enhanced its local action (potentiation of immune responses). We found that 3H-TdR incorporation by thymocytes stimulated with IL 1 in the presence of 5 micrograms/ml of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was strongly enhanced by small rises of temperature in the 32 to 38 degrees C range. Responses at 40 degrees C were generally less than those seen at 38 degrees C. Calculated values for the temperature coefficient (Q10) of the PHA-facilitated response to IL 1 varied between 50 and 300 in different experiments. Thymocytes had a variable response to IL 1 in the absence of PHA. However, thymocytes that failed to agglutinate with peanut agglutinin responded consistently to IL 1 alone, and these mitogenic responses were strongly temperature sensitive (Q10, 50 to 100 in different experiments). Thymocyte responses to 5 micrograms/ml PHA were only modestly sensitive to temperature (Q10, 3 to 8), and responses to interleukin 2 gave Q10 values of 3 to 24, with a mean of about 9. The responses of CTL cells to IL 2 were also modestly enhanced by small increases of temperature, and calculated Q10 values were similar to those observed for thymocytes. IL 1 production by macrophages was also not greatly enhanced by temperature (Q10, 2 to 5). These observations suggest that small increases of temperature enhance IL 1 activity to a much greater degree than they enhance the activity of other components of the immune response. This may help to explain the conservation of two such apparently disparate activities as EP and IL 1 in the same molecules. PMID- 6600178 TI - In vivo interleukin 2 administration augments the generation of alloreactive cytolytic T lymphocytes and resident natural killer cells. AB - Interleukin 2 (IL 2) is a T cell growth factor that has been shown to modulate several in vitro immune responses. Produced by T cells, the lymphokine has been highly purified and used in a series of in vivo studies to examine the effect of IL 2 on murine cytotoxic T cell (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cell reactivity. By employing an immunization protocol known to generate CTL activity against allogeneic tumors, in vivo administration of highly purified IL 2, either in concert, with or 2 days after, tumor administration, resulted in an augmented CTL response as compared to effector cells harvested from untreated, alloimmunized control animals. Characterization of the effector cells responsible for the augmented cytolytic activity showed them to be of the T cell lineage and to be specific for the appropriate immunizing tumor cell. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate that administration of purified IL 2 to naive, non-antigen-challenged recipients resulted in substantial potentiation of NK cell activity. The augmented cytolytic reactivity was mediated by NK cells as evidenced by effector cell lysis of NK-susceptible but not NK-insusceptible tumor targets. The results of these studies suggest IL 2 functions in vivo as an immune response regulator and may have a beneficial effect as an in vivo immunopotentiator. PMID- 6600179 TI - Identification and partial purification of a B cell growth-promoting material utilizing the BCL1 cell line. AB - A B cell growth-promoting factor (BCGF) can be detected in the culture supernatants of activated murine and human spleen cells, human peripheral blood lymphocytes, and a murine thymoma cell line by the use of the B cell leukemic cell line BCL1, which is induced to proliferate in response to this factor. Although this BCGF stimulates BCL1 cells to proliferate, it is not mitogenic for resting B cells but synergizes with dextran sulphate to induce proliferation of the latter cells. This factor has no T cell-replacing activity in an antibody response. BCGF co-purifies with interleukin 2 (IL 2) by gel chromatography and isoelectric focusing but can be separated by phenyl-Sepharose chromatography. PMID- 6600180 TI - A human T cell-derived soluble factor able to suppress pokeweed mitogen-induced immunoglobulin production. AB - Human peripheral blood T cells or Fc gamma receptor-positive T cells activated with the mitogen concanavalin A produce a soluble suppressor factor that inhibits polyclonal B cell immunoglobulin production. The factor suppresses pokeweed mitogen- (PWM) induced plaque-forming cells (PFC) by a noncytotoxic effect. It does not significantly affect lymphocyte proliferation, and exerts its effect independently of the presence of T cells. It is active in suppressing PFC when added from day 0 to day 3 of PWM cultures. Suppression is blocked by the addition of the monosaccharide L-rhamnose. The factor is stable at pH 2.0 and stable at 56 degrees C, but is inactivated by 2-mercaptoethanol. The approximate m.w. by gel filtration is 20,000 to 25,000. The above characteristics distinguish this suppressor factor from soluble immune suppressor supernatant, lymphotoxin, and gamma-interferon. They do not distinguish the suppressor factor from migration inhibition factor, which is also present in the supernatants. PMID- 6600181 TI - Effect of sublethal whole-body irradiation on subsequent secondary cytolytic T cell responses in vitro. PMID- 6600182 TI - C-reactive protein- (CRP) mediated modulation of human B cell colony development. AB - The ability of human C-reactive protein (CRP) to modulate Staph protein A-(SpA) induced human B cell colony formation in semisolid cultures was investigated. Maximal augmentation was observed with 10 and 25 micrograms/ml CRP and was independent of the SpA concentration used to stimulate colony formation. Optimal facilitation of colony numbers was noted when CRP was present during the initial stages of colony formation and the facilitation represented an early increase in colony numbers. At later incubation intervals, however, the colony responses of cultures containing 25 and 50 micrograms/ml CRP were considerably diminished when compared to controls that appeared secondary to the focal disintegration of colony clusters rather than the actual suppression of certain colony progenitors with delayed colony-forming kinetics. Other experiments showed the 18-hr pre exposure of cells to CRP facilitated colony formation, and that after preincubation, a small frequency of CRP binding cells could be detected by flow microcytofluorometry. Therefore, these studies indicate that a possible biologic function of CRP is the ability to modulate the activities of the B cell system. PMID- 6600183 TI - Release of a lymphokine-like plasminogen activator by stimulated B lymphocytes. AB - This report extends to the guinea pig the discovery of a lymphocyte plasminogen activator (LPA) previously described in the mouse. In the guinea pig, we have identified enzymatic activity similar to that in the mouse, but which has two distinct components: first, as in the mouse, a membrane-bound molecule present even in the quiescent lymphocyte (mLPA), and second, a previously unreported soluble molecule appearing in the culture medium after appropriate cell stimulation (sLPA). This sLPA, like most known lymphokines, was released by in vitro recall of sensitized lymphocytes by the antigen and by direct contact with a mitogen. There was a parallel evolution in the culture for sLPA and for some other well-known lymphokines (LT, LIF), and their detection thresholds were of the same order. A possible activation of plasminogen (Pg) by macrophages contaminating the lymphocyte cultures was carefully rule out. sLPA was produced by lymph node lymphocytes as well as by blood lymphocytes, but not by spleen cells, thymocytes, or peritoneal lymphocytes. A study of the kinetics of the release of sLPA, together with that of metabolic modifiers, suggested that an intracellular synthesis precedes the secretion of the molecule. Data obtained from the use of B- and T-enriched subpopulations or B- or T-dependent antigens and mitogens point to the B lymphocytes as the major, if not exclusive, source of sLPA. The choice of synthetic chromogenic substrates S 2251, S 2444, and S 2288 in some experiments led us to confirm most of the above properties of sLPA with still greater precision and reliability. PMID- 6600184 TI - Analysis of the oligosaccharides on the HLA-DR and DC1 B cell antigens. AB - The types of N-linked oligosaccharides on the HLA-DR and DC1 antigens were determined by their sensitivity to endoglycosidase H or endoglycosidase D. The DR and DC1 heavy chains each have two carbohydrate moieties, one high-mannose and one complex-type glycan. The DR and DC1 light chains have one complex-type oligosaccharide. During the biosynthesis of the DR antigens, the oligosaccharides on both subunits are initially high-mannose-type glycans, as has been found for other membrane glycoproteins. The light chain oligosaccharide and one of the two heavy chain carbohydrates are later processed to complex-type glycans. Inhibition of N-linked glycosylation with tunicamycin does not inhibit chain association of the DR and DC1 subunits, transport to the cell surface, or expression of the alloantigenic determinants. PMID- 6600185 TI - Separation of three class II antigens from a homozygous human B cell line. AB - Three class II molecules were isolated from a homozygous DRw6 human B lymphoblastoid cell line using the monoclonal antibodies L243 (L203), L227, LKT 111, and Genox 3.53. Two of the antigens appeared to employ the same heavy chain but expressed different light chains. The two light chains were separated after denaturation using L227 and LKT 111. One or both of these two molecules carried the DRw6 and MT2 determinants. The third class II antigen expressed the DC1 determinant. It was composed of a heavy and light chain different from the DR like antigen subunits. The antibodies L243, L227, and LKT 111 did not preclear the cell lysate of the DC1 antigen recognized by Genox 3.53. However, a xenoanti DR serum immunoprecipitated both the DR-like and the DC1 antigens. Thus, in total, one cell line can express at least two class II heavy chains and three class II light chains. This observation was not unique to this cell line. PMID- 6600186 TI - Induction of an IgE response in mice by Nippostrongylus brasiliensis: characterization of lymphoid cells with intracytoplasmic or surface IgE. PMID- 6600187 TI - Inhibition of K and NK lymphocyte cytotoxicity by an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase and deoxyadenosine. PMID- 6600188 TI - Studies on the cellular nature of Candida albicans-induced suppression. AB - Animals treated with formalinized Candida albicans manifest depressed cellular immune activity. Splenocytes from mice treated with as little as 14 micrograms of this material exhibited significantly reduced responses to the T cell-dependent mitogens phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A. On the other hand, the B lymphocyte-dependent response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide was normal in these cultures. Splenocytes from treated mice were capable of actively suppressing the T cell- (but not B cell-) dependent proliferative response of normal cells. Analysis of splenocytes from Candida-treated mice showed that the suppressor cell is adherent to glass wool, is not adherent to Sephadex G-10, does not phagocytize carbonyl iron, is not susceptible to treatment with anti-Thy-1 plus C, but does bind specifically to anti-immunoglobulin- (anti-Ig) coated dishes. The adherence to the anti-Ig-coated dishes was not due to the simple attachment of Fc receptor bearing lymphocytes, because dishes coated with the F(ab')2 fragment of rabbit antimouse IgG bound the suppressor cell. These results suggest that the active Candida-induced suppressor cell is composed, at least in part, of surface Ig bearing B lymphocytes. PMID- 6600189 TI - Capping of human T cell specific determinants: kinetics of capping and receptor re-expression and regulation by the cytoskeleton. PMID- 6600190 TI - Organ-dependent differences in composition and function observed in hepatic and intestinal granulomas isolated from mice with Schistosomiasis mansoni. AB - In murine schistosomiasis mansoni, eggs deposited in the liver and intestines induce a cell-mediated granulomatous reaction. Previous studies have shown that maximal granuloma size differs in the liver and various segments of the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of this investigation was to isolate intestinal granulomas and to determine whether organ-dependent differences in cell composition and granuloma function exist. Intestinal granulomas representative of those in tissue were isolated by a combination of chemical and mechanical techniques. When dissociated by collagenase, these lesions yielded a viable heterogeneous population of inflammatory cells. Granulomas from the liver, colon, and ileum showed differences in cellular composition. Liver lesions contained the largest number of T and B lymphocytes, eosinophils, and mast cells whereas ileal granulomas comprised mostly macrophages. Immunofluorescence studies on frozen tissue sections revealed that T and B lymphocytes also displayed different patterns of distribution within granulomas from different tissues. In contrast to isolated cultured liver granulomas that produced MIF-like substances, isolated colonic and ileal granulomas had weak or no MIF activity. It thus appears that granuloma formation in various organs is influenced by local factors that could affect the ultimate resolution of the lesions. PMID- 6600191 TI - Modulation of granulomatous hypersensitivity. V. Participation of histamine receptor positive and negative lymphocytes in the granulomatous response of Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. AB - The possible role of histamine and histamine-receptored inflammatory cells in the granulomatous response of Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice was examined. Special staining revealed the presence of numerous mast cells, many partially degranulated within the liver granulomas. Treatment of infected mice with cimetidine (an H2 receptor antagonist) enhanced, and diphenyhydramine (an H1 receptor antagonist) decreased the granulomatous response. Fluorescein-labeled histamine-rabbit serum albumin conjugate (H-FRSA) and unlabeled conjugate (H-RSA) coated culture plates were used to identify and isolate cells with histamine receptors. A large proportion of granuloma macrophages, lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, and splenic lymphocytes had histamine receptors. Elution of adherent cells from H-RSA-coated culture plates with H1 or H2 receptor antagonists suggested that receptors on granuloma cells were predominately H1 with some granuloma lymphocytes bearing H2-type receptors. Splenic lymphocytes from infected mice were functionally divided according to the presence or absence of histamine receptors on their cell surface. Receptor-negative lymphocytes appeared to mediate SEA-stimulated MIF production (TDH cells) and participated in the adoptive transfer of suppression of granulomas (TH cells). Whereas, TS cells appeared to have histamine receptors. Based on these data, it is inferred that lymphocytes that regulate lymphokine production (TS cells) within the granuloma may be triggered via their histamine receptors to exert suppressive activity. PMID- 6600192 TI - Growth and characterization of T cell colonies from human thymus. AB - A semisolid microculture system was used to study T cell colonies grown from human thymocytes. Colony growth was absolutely dependent upon media conditioned by peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) in the presence of phytohemagglutinin. Plating efficiency was further enhanced by the addition of a non-T, adherent, radiation-resistant (7500 rad) PBL subpopulation, but was not enhanced by culture supernatants of these cells. The T colony precursor cell in the thymus occurred with a frequency of 8.0 X 10(-3) and had a surface receptor for the OKT3 monoclonal antibody. Thymocyte colony cells were functionally distinct from PBL and the major thymocyte population. The colony cells proliferated in response to T cell mitogens, but only in the presence of exogenous growth factors. The cells stimulated normal PBL in mixed leukocyte culture (MLC), but did not respond to alloantigens in MLC or in assays of spontaneous cytotoxicity. This culture system should prove helpful in the study of human thymocyte differentiation. PMID- 6600193 TI - The role of Ia molecules in the activation of T lymphocytes. II. Ia-restricted recognition of allo K/D antigens is required for class I MHC-stimulated mixed lymphocyte responses. AB - The role of Ia molecules in the T cell proliferative response to class I (H2K/D) MHC alloantigens was examined. Proliferation in response to allo-K/D antigenic stimulation, but not to allo-Ia, was markedly inhibited by the addition of monoclonal anti-responder Ia antibodies to cultures in the absence of C. This anti-Ia blocking was observed in responses against both allelic and mutant class I antigens. Partial blocking was observed by using an anti-I-A or anti-I-E monoclonal antibody alone, whereas marked inhibition was seen with these two reagents together when the proliferating cells derived from a responder strain expressing both IA and IE gene products. Syngeneic Ia molecules appear to function as restriction elements, because they are required even in the presence of a source of exogenous second signal, phorbol myristic acetate or IL 1. The K/D specific response required a responding cell that bears both Lyt-1 and -2 antigens, whereas responses generated to alloantigenic differences, including the I region, require only an Ly-1+ cell. The implications of these data with respect to the repertoire of the alloreactive proliferating T cell and the expression of the Lyt-2 antigen by such cells are discussed. PMID- 6600194 TI - Stimulation of secondary anti-MSV cytolytic T lymphocytes with MBL-2 reconstituted membranes. AB - Membranes and solubilized, reconstituted membranes from Moloney-infected tumors MBL-2 have been used to stimulate in vitro secondary cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) in C57BL/6 mice primed and Moloney murine sarcoma virus. Membranes are shown to stimulate the generation of Moloney-specific and H-2 restricted CTL. Stimulation with solubilized, reconstituted membranes required the presence of rat lymphocyte Con A supernatant (containing interleukin 2) during the culture. Reconstituted membranes made in the presence of the detergent-insoluble fraction from the plasma membrane were able to stimulate a response in the absence of Con A supernatant. PMID- 6600195 TI - Evidence for cytostatic T cell activity in the effector mechanism against syngeneic TMT mammary tumor cells in mice. AB - The effector mechanism of immune spleen cells against syngeneic TMT mammary tumor cells was analyzed in vitro. C3H/He mice were first inoculated with TMT tumor cells, and then the tumors were x-irradiated with 2000 rad 1 wk after the inoculation. Spleen cells from these treated mice inhibited the growth of tumor cells in vitro when assessed by (3H)-TdR incorporation by tumor cells (cytostatic activity). The same spleen cells did not have any cytotoxic activity on TMT tumor cells detected by a 51Cr-release assay. The cytostatic activity was mediated by Lyt-1+23- T cells. The purified T cells alone could not inhibit the growth of tumor cells, but accessory cells were required for the induction of cytostatic T cell activity. The accessory cells were Ia-positive, macrophage-like adherent cells. Furthermore, both T cells and macrophages were also required for the inhibition of tumor growth even after the spleen cells were activated in vitro. These results suggest T cells and macrophages play an important role in the effector mechanism against TMT mammary tumor cells. The mechanism of cytostasis by T cells and macrophages was discussed from the standpoint of the cellular interaction. PMID- 6600196 TI - Immunologic suppression of carcinogenesis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with T cell depression. AB - A strain of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) showed a selective depression of T cell functions brought about by aging. Conversely, this strain had a high NK cell activity as compared to other normal rat strains. This SHR strain was found to be much more sensitive to the carcinogenic activity of low doses of MCA than were WKA rats with normal T cell functions. Allogeneic thymus grafts almost completely restored the T cell functions of SHR, whereas injection of an immunopotentiator, NSP, enhanced NK cell activity and also caused a partial recovering of T cell functions. When immunologic restoration was achieved, generation of killer T cells to syngeneic SMT-5 tumor cells was induced and the cytotoxic activity of NK cells to K-562 cells was also enhanced. But the cytotoxic activity to the SMT-5 cells of NK cells and macrophages from the treated or untreated SHR was not detected. Allogeneic thymus grafts induced a significant transplantation resistance against a syngeneic SMT-5 tumor and injection of NSP enhanced only the survival days of the rats. Allogeneic thymus grafts also significantly suppressed the incidence of tumors induced by MCA, whereas the injection of NSP was not effective in the prevention of tumor development but was effective in prolongation of latency periods. These results support the hypothesis that immune surveillance mediated by T cells is an important mechanism for the control of tumor development. PMID- 6600197 TI - The extent of self-MHC restriction of cytotoxic T cells in nude mice varies from mouse to mouse. AB - There are conflicting results as to whether the response of athymic nude mice to TNP-modified self determinants is or is not H-2 restricted. We cultured spleen cells from 29 individual RNC (H-2k) nude mice with TNP-modified self determinants and tested the cultures for their ability to lyse TNP-modified self (RNC-TNP) and TNP-modified allogeneic (BALB/c-TNP) target cells. Each mouse was stimulated by two different protocols: either by the addition of TNP-modified irradiated nu/+ spleen cells or by TNP modification of the nude responder cells without addition of other cells. All mice could lyse RNC-TNP targets and about one-half could also lyse BALB/c-TNP targets, i.e., there was a 50:50 division between restricted and unrestricted responses. The magnitude of the response against RNC-TNP and whether the response was restricted were both independent of the method of stimulation. We conclude that H-2 restriction in these mice is imposed by an as yet unidentified environmental influence that can vary from one nude mouse to the next. The influence appears to act through negative selection because the modified self response is, if anything, higher in mice showing an unrestricted response. PMID- 6600198 TI - Frequencies and regulation of trinitrophenyl-specific cytotoxic T precursor cells: immunization results in release from suppression. PMID- 6600199 TI - Abnormalities in isotype expression in CBA/N mice due to stimulatory environment rather than a B cell defect. PMID- 6600200 TI - Characteristics of tolerance induction among adult hapten-specific T lymphocyte precursors revealed by clonal analysis. AB - Thaptens 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) and 3-iodo-4-hydroxy-5 nitrophenyl-acetic acid succinamide ester (NIP) on murine splenic and thymic cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTLp) was studied. Both BALB/c (H-2d) and CBA (H-2k) CTLp can be rendered unresponsive to subsequent in vitro stimulation with either hapten, provided the mice were pretreated with the correct dose of reactive hapten. The unresponsiveness was shown not to be due to toxicity, because treated animals can mount an alloreactive response equivalent to untreated animals. A degree of cross-reactivity in tolerance induction, however, was demonstrated between the two different haptens. Limit dilution analysis of tolerant lymphoid populations reveals that such cells obey single hit (zero order) kinetics and that there is effective deletion of the CTLp. After correction for "anti-self" responses, the anti-TNP CTLp frequency in TNBS-treated BALB/c mice was 10.7 X 10(-6) in contrast to 101.1 X 10(-6) in control animals (89.4% tolerance). Similarly, after correction for "anti-self" responses, the anti-NIP CTLp frequency in NIP-treated animals was 4.7 X 10(-6), in comparison to 42.8 X 10(-6) in control animals (89.0% tolerance). Kinetic studies show that tolerance occurs within 24 hr. This, together with the limit dilution data, argues against the role of suppressor cells, over the cellular range studied. PMID- 6600201 TI - Decreased natural-killer-cell activity in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. PMID- 6600202 TI - Diverticular disease in the young patient. AB - The records of 115 patients less than 40 years of age with roentgenographic or operative documentation of diverticular disease were reviewed. Ninety-two patients presented with acute diverticulitis; five, with bleeding diverticulosis, and 18 were asymptomatic. An urgent operation for fistula, abscess or free perforation was necessary upon initial presentation in 16 patients. Nine patients underwent resection during the initial hospitalization after a cooling-off period. The remaining 67 patients were managed medically and discharged. Fifty five per cent of the medically managed patients required readmission during the follow-up period, 23 per cent having a serious complication. Forty-five per cent of the medically managed patients underwent a subsequent operation. Elective resection after a cooling-off period appears to be the safest alternative for young patients. PMID- 6600203 TI - A fifty year experience with Meckel's diverticulum. AB - Four hundred and two patients with Meckel's diverticulum are reviewed. Symptoms referable to the diverticulum occurred in 68 patients or 16.9 per cent of the group. Obstruction of the small intestine, inflammation and lower gastrointestinal tract bleeding accounted for 90 per cent of the presenting symptoms. A 10.3 per cent mortality and a 17.6 per cent morbidity rate were noted for symptomatic diverticuli. Patients most likely to have symptoms develop were 40 years of age, or younger; those whose diverticuli were 2 centimeters or more in length; those whose diverticuli contained heterotopic mucosa, and, probably, those who were males. Patients more than 40 years of age with diverticuli less than 2 centimeters in length with no heterotopic mucosa and who were females constitute a lower risk group. The decision to perform an incidental Meckel's diverticulectomy should be based upon the risk of the individual patient having symptoms develop from the diverticulum. PMID- 6600204 TI - Bleeding from the bypassed stomach following gastric bypass. AB - Of 3,000 patients with gastric bypass, eight had bleeding develop from acid peptic disease in the bypassed segment. Bleeding was both acute and chronic and did not respond to nonoperative therapy. Endoscopy differentiated between stomal ulcers and distal pouch bleeding. Resection of the distal pouch was curative in all instances. PMID- 6600205 TI - Sodium thiosulfate disposition in humans: relation to sodium nitroprusside toxicity. AB - Thiosulfate concentrations and pharmacokinetics were studied in relation to sodium nitroprusside before, during, and after anesthesia. Normal thiosulfate concentrations were 1.13 +/- 0.11 mg/dl and 0.28 +/- 0.02 mg/dl in plasma and urine, respectively. Cholecystectomy patients had similar concentrations during surgery, with bile thiosulfate concentration of 13.72 +/- 2.95 mg/dl. Fasting patients and children had significantly higher plasma and urine thiosulfate concentrations. Over 99% of endogenous filtered thiosulfate was reabsorbed by the kidney in the average case. Coronary bypass patients had decreased plasma thiosulfate levels and increased excretion postoperatively. Disappearance of injected thiosulfate was biphasic; the distribution phase was dependent on the initial rate of injection, and the elimination phase depended on extracellular fluid turnover and renal excretion. Cholecystectomy patients on diuretics had a markedly increased rate of excretion, 56% within 100 min, versus normal subjects who excreted less than 50% in up to 18 h. In children, plasma thiosulfate did not change significantly, while blood cyanide concentration increased significantly during sodium nitroprusside administration and surgery. Thiosulfate did not change during recovery while cyanide decreased. Normal production of thiosulfate in humans may be limited; hence, continuous thiosulfate infusion may be required during sodium nitroprusside administration. PMID- 6600206 TI - The thymus gland and aging. PMID- 6600207 TI - Veins for coronary bypass surgery and cellulitis. PMID- 6600208 TI - Physiologic determinants of operative survival after portacaval shunt. AB - Twenty cirrhotic patients with bleeding from esophageal varices were studied before, during, and after portacaval shunt. There were 12 survivors and eight nonsurvivors. Preoperative determination of hepatic function and classification by Child's criteria correctly predicted outcome only in those with very good and those with very poor hepatic function. However, the majority of patients had intermediate liver function, and their operative survival could not be predicted on this basis. Other parameters, however, did distinguish between survivors and nonsurvivors. Survivors had better preoperative cardiac contractility, shorter operations, less severe preoperative and intraoperative blood loss, and fewer emergency operations. Intraoperatively, survivors maintained cardiac index and oxygen delivery while nonsurvivors did not. After operation, survivors had increased cardiac index, oxygen delivery, and oxygen consumption above preoperative values, while nonsurvivors failed to attain this. Analysis of these data suggests that determination of preoperative hepatic function alone will not provide accurate prediction of outcome from portacaval shunt, because there are multiple factors that determine outcome. The determinants identifed in this study were 1) preoperative hepatic function, 2) degree of hemodynamic compensation from preoperative bleeding and shock, 3) magnitude of the intraoperative oxygen deficits, 4) hemodynamic reserve allowing for the compensatory postoperative state, and 5) nutritional status. PMID- 6600209 TI - Morphology of saphenous vein-coronary artery bypass grafts: Seven to 116 months after surgery. AB - Morphologic changes in saphenous vein-coronary artery bypass grafts in 24 cases (51 grafts) seven to 116 months after surgery were studied. Four pathologic changes were found (1) Fibrous cord lesions were present that represented early postoperative thrombotic occlusion and organization. (2) Diffuse intimal thickening was present in all grafts maintaining long-term patency. (3) Atherosclerosis identified as intimal foam cell accumulation or frank plaques was found only in cases 39 or more months postoperative and was present in 79% of such cases (71% of the vein grafts). (4) Late vein thrombosis was found in three cases and was the presumed cause of death. We concluded that atherosclerosis occurs with a high incidence in vein grafts after three years, and plaque rupture with thrombosis can be a cause for vein occlusion. PMID- 6600210 TI - Night vision in a case of vitamin A deficiency due to malabsorption. AB - Night vision was tested electroretinographically and psychophysically in a vitamin A deficient patient before and after therapy. Vitamin A deficiency resulted from malabsorption due to a jeujunoileal bypass operation. Before therapy the patient had severely reduced cone and rod function. After the reversal operation, accompanied by 5 injections of a total of 500,000 units of vitamin A, complete recovery of cone and rod functions was observed within 7 months. Shortly after therapy rod sensitivity reached the normal level, while the time course of rod adaptation remained slower than normal and the dark-adapted electroretinographic (ERG) responses were subnormal. At later stages the ERG responses reached normal amplitudes but rod adaptation stayed slow. Only after 7 months did night vision reach the normal level with regard to the time course of rod adaptation, rod sensitivity, and ERG responses. PMID- 6600211 TI - Phenotypic and functional analysis of leukemic cells from 16 patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. AB - Surface phenotypes of leukemic cells from 16 patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) were analyzed by using monoclonal antibodies (anti-Leu 1, anti-Leu-2a, anti-Leu-3a, anti-HLA-DR and MAS 036 c), and the effect of leukemic cells on PWM-induced normal B-cell differentiation was also studied. The majority of ATLL cells bear Leu-1 and Leu-3a antigen on cell surface but lack Leu 2a antigen and were unreactive with MAS 036 c. These results indicate that ATLL cells are of peripheral inducer/helper T-cell origin. However, contrary to the surface phenotype, ATLL cells from 10 patients showed potent suppressor activity on PWM-induced normal B-cell differentiation to immunoglobulin-producing cells (Ig-PC) and no case showed helper activity. The dissociation between surface phenotype and function of ATLL cells is discussed in this article. PMID- 6600212 TI - Chromosome aberrations in T lymphocytes carrying adult T-cell leukemia-associated antigens (ATLA) from healthy adults. AB - Chromosomes were studied in cultured T lymphocytes carrying adult T-cell leukemia associated antigens (ATLA) that were obtained from five Japanese anti-ATLA seropositive healthy adults. Chromosomally abnormal cells were observed in three of the five healthy adults, and these cells were clonal in two subjects. All cells examined in one subject had rearrangements of chromosome nos. 7 and 14. Clonal cells from the second had a minute chromosome of unknown origin. A few cells in the third had nonclonal rearrangements of chromosomes. Thus, ATLA positive T lymphocytes in some anti-ATLA seropositive healthy people have chromosome aberrations. PMID- 6600213 TI - Increased cholesterol biosynthesis in leukemic cells from patients with hairy cell leukemia. PMID- 6600214 TI - Successful therapy of convoluted T-lymphoblastic lymphoma in the adult. AB - Fifteen adult patients with biopsy-proven convoluted T-lymphoblastic lymphoma were treated with an aggressive regimen, modified from the LSA2-L2 protocol used for childhood lymphoma. The treatment schema consisted of induction phase, including cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, adriamycin, and 2000 rads to mediastinum, as well as intrathecal methotrexate. Consolidation phase included cytosine arabinoside, 6-thioguanine, L-asparaginase, and CCNU, along with cranial irradiation and further intrathecal methotrexate. Maintenance consisted of cyclical chemotherapy and intrathecal methotrexate, continuing for a total of 3 yr. Median age in the group was 25 yr (range 16-73). There were 8 males and 7 females. At diagnosis, 9 patients had mediastinal involvement, and 9 had bone marrow involvement. Five of these demonstrated malignant cells in the peripheral blood. Complete clinical response was attained in 11 patients. Three patients achieved partial response. Four complete responders have relapsed, 1 in the central nervous system at 6 mo. and 1 in nodal sites at 3 mo, 1 in multiple sites at 24 mo. and 1 in bone marrow at 42 mo while off all chemotherapy for 6 mos. At this time, median survival of all patients is 28.3 mo. and median relapse-free survival is 21 mo. The median survival for complete responders in excess of 71 mo. while the median relapse-free survival for this group is 41 mo. PMID- 6600215 TI - Characterization of interleukin 2-dependent cytotoxic T-cell clones: specificity, cell surface phenotype, and susceptibility to blocking by Lyt antisera. AB - Cytotoxic T-cells were derived from the peritoneal cavity of a C57BL/6 mouse immunized with BALB/c sarcoma Meth A and from the spleens of BALB/c x C57BL/6 F1 (hereafter called CB6F1) mice immunized with BALB/c leukemia RL male 1. The cells were cultured in interleukin 2 and cloned by limiting dilution, and their specificity was determined by direct tests and competitive inhibition assays. C57BL/6 anti-Meth A effector cells recognized H-2Dd determinants. CB6F1 anti-RL male 1 effector cells recognized a unique cell surface antigen of leukemia RL male 1. The specificity was maintained in long-term culture. The cell surface phenotype of the cloned effector cell lines as determined by absorption analysis was Thy-1.2+, Lyt-1.2+, 2.2+, and 3.2+. Cytotoxicity was blocked at the target cell level by antisera against H-2Dd, but not H-2Dk or H-2b, and at the effector cell level by antisera against Lyt-2.2 and 3.2, but not Lyt-1.2, Ly-5.1 or Thy 1.2. PMID- 6600216 TI - Immunological characterization of homosexual males. AB - To help clarify the nature and pathogenesis of the syndrome of severely opportunistic infection associated with immune deficiency in young homosexual males, we investigated the immunological characteristics of a group of 33 young homosexual men. These young men all had the prodrome to the syndrome which included a history of multiple sexual partners and multiple sexually transmitted diseases. In addition, they all had a past history of mild to moderate viral, bacterial, parasitic, or fungal infections and had used recreational drugs. Within this group of patients, there were five men who had Kaposi's sarcoma. Compared to the 21 normal heterosexual individuals, the homosexual men were found to be anergic to a battery of recall antigens (52% versus 19%); to be hyporesponsive to mitogen stimulation (pokeweed, 30.7 x 10(-3) versus 65.3 x 10( 3) cpm, p less than or equal to 0.005; concanavalin A, 32.2 x 10(-3) versus 60.1 x 10(-3) cpm, p less than or equal to 0.006); and to have lower helper T-cells (18% versus 34.6%, p less than or equal to 0.01), inverted helper:suppressor T cell ratios (0.85 versus 1.92, p less than or equal to 0.01), and an elevated serum thymosin alpha 1 level (1473 versus 524 pg/ml, p less than or equal to 0.001). These data suggest that the immunological defect precedes the syndrome. The mechanism of this phenomenon is unclear; however, the repeated viral infection combined with drug usage may be responsible. The five patients with Kaposi's sarcoma were compared as a group to the other patients without cancer and found to be more severely immunodeficient. This suggests that the immune suppression by the malignant disease is superimposed on the preexisting deficiency. PMID- 6600217 TI - Use of survival analysis to determine the clinical significance of new Q waves after coronary bypass surgery. AB - There are few data on the long-term effects of new Q waves on survival and morbidity after coronary bypass graft surgery (CABG). We followed 1340 patients who underwent CABG in 1978 at 10 hospitals participating in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS). The incidence of perioperative Q-wave infarction was 4.76% (range 0.0-10.3% by hospital). The rate of infarction was higher in patients who had an increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure or cardiomegaly on the preoperative chest radiograph. Patients who received more grafts or who had longer cardiopulmonary bypass time were also at higher risk of infarction. In a stepwise discriminant analysis of 44 clinical, angiographic and surgical variables, cardiopulmonary bypass time, topical cardiac hypothermia and cardiomegaly entered the stepwise selection of variables. Long-term survival was adversely affected by the appearance of new postoperative Q waves. The hospital mortality was 9.7% in the 62 patients who had new postoperative Q waves and 1.0% in the 1278 patients who did not (p less than 0.001); the 3-year cumulative survival rates were 85% and 95%, respectively (p less than 0.001). In patients who survived to hospital discharge, the presence of new postoperative Q waves did not adversely affect 3-year survival (94% and 96%, respectively). The survival rates were worse in patients who had a history of infarction or who had impaired left ventricular function preoperatively. The number of readmissions to hospital after CABG among the patients who had a transmural perioperative infarction was similar to to that among patients who did not. We conclude that the appearance of new Q waves after CABG adversely affects survival. The major impact on mortality occurs before hospital discharge. Patients who are destined to have a perioperative infarct cannot be predicted from commonly measured preoperative and angiographic variables. PMID- 6600218 TI - Hemolytic-uremic syndrome mimicking ulcerative colitis. Lack of early diagnostic laboratory findings. PMID- 6600219 TI - Serial changes in left ventricular ejection fraction in the early hours after aortocoronary bypass grafting. AB - To determine the course of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in the early hours after aortocoronary bypass grafting, 24 patients underwent serial gated bloodpool scanning. Twenty-two had received propranolol until the day of surgery. ECGs showed no evidence of perioperative infarction. Preoperatively, the mean (+/ SD) LVEF was 0.56 +/- 0.13; after bypass, it was 0.38 +/- 0.11 at 4 hours, 0.42 +/- 0.12 at 5 hours, 0.43 +/- 0.11 at 6 hours, 0.48 +/- 0.13 at 7 hours, 0.52 +/- 0.15 at 8 hours, and 0.54 +/- 0.15 at 10 to 14 days. The LVEFs at 4, 5, and 6 hours postoperatively were significantly lower than preoperatively (p less than 0.05). Postoperative mean heart rate was higher at all times; mean temperature was depressed at 4 and 5 hours and elevated at 7 and 8 hours; and mean arterial blood pressure was depressed at 7 hours, 8 hours, and 10 to 14 days (p less than 0.05). The degree of the early postoperative LVEF depression correlated with the daily preoperative propranolol dose (p less than 0.05) and was unrelated to bypass time, aortic cross-clamp time, or changes in temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure. The LVEF at 10 to 14 days postoperatively was not significantly different from the preoperative value. The LVEF is depressed in the early hours after aortocoronary bypass grafting and approaches the preoperative value with time. The magnitude of the early depression appears to be related to the preoperative propranolol dose, but does not significantly correlate with factors related to surgical technique. PMID- 6600220 TI - [Heart surgery in a female patient with blood group Oh (Bombay phenotype)]. AB - A 62-year-old woman with stenosing coronary artery disease had the rare blood group Oh (Bombay phenotype). After prophylactic deep-freeze conservation of autologous blood, direct myocardial revascularization was successfully accomplished under extracorporeal circulation. Three deep-freeze units of erythrocyte concentrates were used. Both operation and postoperative wound healing progressed without complication. PMID- 6600221 TI - [Therapy of bleeding esophageal varices]. PMID- 6600222 TI - Abnormal 24-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the X-linked hypophosphatemic mouse. AB - The effect of extracellular phosphate on the control of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 24 hydroxylase was studied in normal mice and littermates with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (Hyp). 24-Hydroxylase activity and plasma concentrations of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were significantly higher in Hyp mice than in normal mice when both groups were fed a normal diet containing 1.22% calcium (Ca) and 0.8% phosphorus (Pi). The differential in 24-hydroxylase activity was exaggerated when serum phosphate was reduced in normal mice by means of a low Pi diet or increased in Hyp mice by means of a high Pi diet. Differences in 24-hydroxylase activity between the two groups of mice were also demonstrated in the presence of varying Pi concentrations in vitro. Thus, in both Hyp and normal mice, 24 hydroxylase activity is influenced in a qualitatively similar manner by serum Pi. Plasma concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were the same in normal and Hyp mice. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that control the renal metabolism of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in Hyp mice is reset such tht 24-hydroxylase activity is inappropriate high for the prevailing serum phosphate over a wide range of concentrations. PMID- 6600223 TI - Monoclonal antibodies defined abnormalities of T-lymphocytes in type I (insulin dependent) diabetes. AB - Peripheral T-lymphocytes subsets have been investigated in 36 patients with type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes of varying duration, 18 patients with type II (non insulin-dependent) diabetes, and in 23 healthy subjects, using six different monoclonal antibodies. At the time of diagnosis of type I diabetes, there was evidence of an increase in cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, a decrease in suppressor T lymphocytes, but a normal proportion of helper/inducer T-lymphocytes. In six of seven newly diagnosed cases studied, there was evidence of an increased number of activated T cells. An increase in activated T-cells was also found in 5 of 10 genetically susceptible islet cell antibody positive unaffected siblings in type I diabetic probands. In type I diabetes of long standing, the total T-cell population was decreased, largely due to a marked decrease in helper/inducer T lymphocytes. Type II diabetic patients showed no abnormalities in T-lymphocyte subsets, making it unlikely that hyperglycemia was responsible for the changes observed. These results suggest that an imbalance of T-lymphocyte regulation is an important feature of type I diabetes and lend support for an immunologic role in its early pathogenesis. PMID- 6600224 TI - Studies of the pH gradient and thickness of frog gastric mucus gel. PMID- 6600225 TI - Quantitative evaluation of bile diversion surgery utilizing 99mTc HIDA scintigraphy. AB - This is a report of 21 patients presenting with epigastric pain, bilious vomiting, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, iron-deficiency anemia, and weight loss, who had undergone Billroth II gastrectomy from 3 to 35 yr earlier. Eighteen of 21 patients were found to have significant enterogastric reflux indices varying from 60% to 95% demonstrated by 99mTc HIDA scintigraphy. Thirteen patients had diversion antireflux surgery in the form of a Roux-en-Y procedure, and 1 patient had a Henley loop jejunal interposition. Postoperative 99mTc HIDA scintigraphic studies showed the enterogastric reflux indices to have decreased significantly to a range of 2%-26% (p less than 0.00001). There was marked improvement of symptoms, including correction of anemia and weight gain in those patients who had been anemic or who had sustained earlier weight loss. The enterogastric reflux indices of 10 asymptomatic control patients after Billroth II gastrectomy ranged from 4% to 45%. 99mTc HIDA scintigraphy is useful in evaluating patients before and after bile diversion surgery, and demonstrates the quantitative decrease in enterogastric reflux after such surgery. PMID- 6600226 TI - Intestinal pacing for canine postgastrectomy dumping. AB - Our aim was to determine whether or not postprandial retrograde duodenal pacing would abolish the canine postgastrectomy dumping syndrome. Five dogs underwent truncal vagotomy, distal hemigastrectomy, gastroduodenostomy, and circumferential proximal duodenal myotomy to facilitate pacing. Bipolar stimulating electrodes from an implanted pacing unit were attached to the bowel 35 cm distal to the gastroduodenostomy, and six monopolar recording electrodes were applied at 5-cm intervals proximal to the pacing electrodes. After recovery, gastric emptying was assessed in the fasted conscious dogs using 300-ml gastric instillates of 25% dextrose marked with [14C]polyethylene glycol, while pulse, hematocrit, and defecation were monitored. Each dog underwent five tests with and five tests without retrograde duodenal pacing. Without pacing, the dogs emptied a mean +/- SEM of 237 +/- 14 ml of the instillate by 20 min and developed tachycardia (change in pulse, 45 +/- 4), hemoconcentration (change in hematocrit, 8 +/- 1), and diarrhea in 13 of 25 tests. Retrograde duodenal pacing slowed gastric emptying (157 +/- 20 ml, p less than 0.05) and minimized the adverse cardiovascular sequelae (change in pulse, 25 +/- 5, change in hematocrit, 6 +/- 1; p less than 0.05) and the diarrhea (only 2 of 25 tests, p less than 0.01). We concluded that intestinal pacing ameliorated the postgastrectomy dumping syndrome in dogs. Such an approach may be applicable to humans. PMID- 6600227 TI - Association of primary sclerosing cholangitis with HLA-B8. AB - The frequency of HLA antigens was studied in 25 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and compared with a control group of 562 kidney donors. Fourteen patients also had ulcerative colitis. A significant increase in the frequency of HLA-B8 (60%) was found in the primary sclerosing cholangitis patients compared with controls (25%) (p less than 0.001). HLA-B8 was found in eight patients with ulcerative colitis. The frequency of HLA-B12 was significantly decreased (8%) compared with controls (30%) (p less than 0.02). Piecemeal necrosis was observed on liver histology in 66% of HLA-B8 positive and 50% of HLA-B8 negative patients. Low titres of serum autoantibodies were frequently found in the primary sclerosing cholangitis group but did not correspond to the presence of HLA-B8. Raised serum concentrations of IgM and IgG were not related to HLA-B8. This study has shown that in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis there exists a disease susceptibility gene closely associated with the B locus of the major histocompatibility complex which may be modified by other factors such as ulcerative colitis. Patients with ulcerative colitis and HLA-B8 may be particularly liable to develop primary sclerosing cholangitis. PMID- 6600228 TI - Vitamin D and bone mineral content after intestinal bypass operation for obesity. AB - Twenty-three obese subjects who had undergone intestinal bypass operation (end-to side jejunostomy) were studied with respect to vitamin D and other indices of calcium metabolism. Group 1 (11 patients) was examined before and one year after operation. Group 2 (12 patients, bypass operated two to seven years earlier was investigated twice with an interval of one year. The two groups were comparable. Bone mineral content and alkaline phosphatases were unchanged during the study in both groups. Bone phosphorus/hydroxyproline ratio was high postoperatively indicating a high degree of bone mineralisation. Serum calcium declined rapidly in group 1 to a constant level, which was maintained in group 2. The serum levels of iPTH and 1,25(OH)2D did not change within each group, but combining the two groups demonstrated an increase/decrease in iPTH/1,25(OH)2D over the years. The findings suggest that factors other than 1,25(OH)2D and iPTH are involved in calcium metabolism in such patients. The findings do not justify routine administration to such patients of high potency vitamin D derivatives, f.ex. 1 alpha-OH-D3. PMID- 6600229 TI - Induction of immunoglobulin and antigen-dependent antibody synthesis in human lymphocytes, using supernatants from mitogen-stimulated cultures. PMID- 6600230 TI - An investigation into the B lymphopoietic capacity of long-term bone marrow cultures. AB - A suspension of nucleated femoral (BALB/c x CBA) bone marrow cells was inoculated, either into glass flasks or into flasks coated with a preformed syngeneic marrow derived monolayer, and cultured for long periods in media supplemented with hydrocortisone sodium succinate. Long term analysis of the lymphoid status of these cultures was then carried out whilst they were producing CFU-S cells. The results show that T cells expressing the Thy 1 marker were present for up to 10 weeks, surface immunoglobulin positive (sIgM+) B cells were present for at least 6 weeks, whereas pre-B cells were present for no longer than one week. Pre-B, B and T cells were all present at levels well below those found in normal healthy bone marrow. When cultures were free of both B and pre-B lymphocytes, the cells collected from them were used to reconstitute lethally irradiated mice. Reconstitution was of the type (A x B) leads to A and approximately 2 months elapsed before reconstituted animals were analysed. The results show that despite the loss of pre-B cells from these cultures, precursors of B lymphocytes at earlier stages of differentiation were present for long periods, but were only capable of differentiation into sIgM+ B cells in vivo. PMID- 6600231 TI - A method of selecting a sample of long-staying hospitalized patients, with nosocomial infections as the outcome event. PMID- 6600232 TI - Light-dependent regulation of the synthesis of soluble and intracytoplasmic membrane proteins of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. AB - Cells of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides grown under saturating light conditions (30 W/m2) and then shifted to low light intensity (3 W/m2) required 2.5 h to adapt to the new lower light conditions. After the shift, cell growth, whole cell protein accumulation, and bacteriochlorophyll accumulation ceased immediately. Approximately midway into the adaptation period, bacteriochlorophyll synthesis commenced at a new, higher rate, which continued through the beginning of the low light growth period until new steady-state levels were reached. Immediately after the downshift, the rate of cellular protein synthesis declined to 22% of its preshift rate. Pulse-labeling of protein throughout the adaptation period and comparison with a steady-state prelabel culture revealed that synthesis of two of the three light-harvesting proteins, as well as two additional high-molecular weight photosynthetic membrane proteins, was derepressed three- to fivefold compared with bulk cellular protein. Finally, the synthesis of at least three soluble proteins showed light-dependent regulation after the light downshift. These results are discussed in terms of the light-dependent regulation of synthesis of the photosynthetic membrane macromolecular components and the division of protein synthesis between the photosynthetic membranes and the soluble cell phase. PMID- 6600234 TI - Increased adenosine deaminase synthesis and messenger RNA activity in deoxycoformycin-resistant cells. AB - The basis for the increased adenosine deaminase activity in deoxycoformycin resistant rat hepatoma cells was investigated. Three variant cell lines with different levels of adenosine deaminase activity showed increases in the relative rate of synthesis of the enzyme in vivo. No difference in the rate of degradation of the enzyme was seen between the parental cell line and one variant cell line which exhibits a 180-fold increase in adenosine deaminase activity. Polysomal RNA isolated from this variant exhibited a 175-fold increase in the ability to direct the synthesis of adenosine deaminase in vitro. PMID- 6600233 TI - Presence of osteocalcin and related higher molecular weight 4-carboxyglutamic acid-containing proteins in developing bone. AB - Development of a sensitive radioimmunoassay for the vitamin K-dependent bone protein osteocalcin in avian species has provided new information on the biosynthesis of this protein in bone. Chicken osteocalcin shares many structural features, including the sequence positions of its 3 gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) residues, with osteocalcins of human, monkey, cow, and rat, but is cryptic in the radioimmunoassays for these species. In the chicken assay system, the intact 50-residue (Mr = 5670) protein is required for immunoreactivity. Reduction and alkylation of the disulfide bond (Cys 23-Cys 29) or tryptic removal of the COOH-terminal pentapeptide abolish antibody binding activity. Decarboxylation of the 3 Gla residues enhances the affinity for antibody by 1.5- to 2-fold. Osteocalcin appears coincident with the very earliest detectable perichondral mineralization in developing long bone (tibiotarsus) of the 7- to 8-day-old chick embryo (stages 31-33). However, amino acid analysis demonstrates an excess of Gla in embryonic bone compared to the level of osteocalcin by radioimmunoassay. Two independent experimental approaches have partially resolved this paradox. First, extraction and gel filtration in 4 M guanidine hydrochloride of total bone proteins has revealed high molecular weight species which share antigenic determinants with osteocalcin, namely, 10,000 (+/- 1,000), 15,000 (+/- 2,000), 35,000 (+/- 5,000), and 85,000 (+/- 15,000), in addition to 5,670 osteocalcin. Second, a selective 3H exchange labeling procedure for Gla residues has revealed Gla-containing proteins in bone in the same molecular weight classes. One or more of these may represent precursors in the biosynthetic pathway for osteocalcin. PMID- 6600235 TI - Cyclosporin A-treated guinea pig responder cells secrete a genetically restricted factor that suppresses the mixed leukocyte reaction. AB - Cyclosporin A (CY A) is a hydrophobic, undecapeptide, fungal metabolite with potent immunosuppressive effects on T lymphocyte-mediated immune responses. Suppressor T lymphocytes generated during a mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) performed in the presence of CY A, release a factor that suppresses a primary MLR of responder T cells, which is derived from the same strain as the factor producer but lacks specificity for the stimulator cell. These results suggest a finely regulated pathway by which CY A may induce and maintain a permanent state of transplantation tolerance in vivo. PMID- 6600236 TI - Regulation of immunoglobulin E antibody synthesis in man by antiidiotypic antibodies. AB - The effect of rabbit antiidiotypic antibody raised against human IgG F(ab')2 anti tetanus toxoid (TT) antibodies on the in vitro synthesis of TT-specific IgE antibody by peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was examined in three subjects. Two of these subjects were allergic twins whose sera persistently contained IgE anti-TT antibodies. The third subject was a nonallergic individual who had a slightly elevated serum IgE (250 IU/ml) and who exhibited a transient serum IgE anti-TT response after booster immunization with TT. After appropriate absorptions rabbit anti-idiotype (Id) IgG reacted with anti-TT antibodies of both IgG and IgE isotypes in an idiotype- and antigen-specific fashion. PBL and B cells from the three subjects studied spontaneously synthesized TT-specific IgE in culture. In all three cases, adsorption of B cells over plastic plates coated with anti-Id before culture specifically decreased the synthesis of IgE antibodies to TT but did not affect the synthesis of IgE antibodies to ragweed antigen E by PBL from the twin allergic subjects. Addition of anti-Id to cultures of PBL from all three subjects specifically inhibited the synthesis of TT specific IgE. This inhibition was shown to be exerted both at the level of the B cells and via the generation of antigen-specific suppressor T cells from radiosensitive precursors. The present results indicate that the synthesis of antigen-specific IgE in man is subject to regulation by idiotypic anti-idiotypic interactions that can involve both B and T lymphocytes. PMID- 6600237 TI - Age-related changes in parathyroid hormone and 25 hydroxycholecalciferol levels. AB - Serum parathyroid hormone and 25 hydroxyvitamin D were measured in 124 normal subjects aged from 20 to 90 years. There was a significant progressive increase in serum parathyroid levels with age associated with a progressive decrease in total serum calcium. After the sixth decade there was a significant reduction of 25 hydroxyvitamin D serum levels. In each age group, there were no significant differences between men and women in all parameters measured. In normal elderly subjects there is an age-related decline of calcium absorption associated with reduced calcium intake and sun exposure leading to secondary hyperparathyroidism. These results emphasize the importance of calcium and vitamin D supplementation in elderly European population, not only in long-stay patients but in ambulatory normal people after 60 years. PMID- 6600238 TI - In vitro synergism between interferons and human lymphotoxin: enhancement of lymphotoxin-induced target cell killing. PMID- 6600239 TI - A human large granular lymphocyte clone with natural killer-like activity and T cell-like surface markers. PMID- 6600240 TI - Characterization of a "heteroclitic" cytotoxic lymphocyte clone: heterogeneity of receptors or signals? AB - In this work we report the isolation of a cloned CTL that recognizes three genetically distinct specificities. Of interest is the fact that the hierarchy of the strength of these specificities is dependent on the functional assay used for their detection. This suggests that either the specificities are the result of interactions with independent receptors or the cell can modulate signals from cross-reactive antigens into different functional responses. PMID- 6600241 TI - Stimulator cell requirements for allospecific T cell subsets: specialized accessory cells are required to activate helper but not cytolytic T lymphocyte precursors. AB - Murine cortisone-resistant thymocytes were separated by staining with monoclonal anti-Lyt-2 antibody and FMF into Lyt-2- and Lyt-2+ subsets in order to analyze the nature of stimulator accessory cells required to activate each of these functionally distinct T cell subpopulations. The Lyt-2- fraction was able to proliferate but not to generate cytotoxic cells when stimulated by irradiated allogeneic spleen cells. Fractionation of the stimulator population showed that low numbers of dendritic cells and splenic macrophages, but not equivalent numbers of whole spleen cells or peritoneal macrophages, were able to stimulate the Lyt-2- population. On the other hand, the Lyt-2+ population, which showed little if any proliferation in response to irradiated spleen cells, contained all the precursors of cytolytic T lymphocytes. In contrast to the highly specific stimulator requirement of the Lyt-2- fraction, allospecific cytotoxic cells were generated from Lyt-2+ cells by any alloantigen-bearing stimulator cell provided interleukin 2 was present. This was confirmed by limiting dilution analysis: alloreactive CTL-P frequencies in spleen and thymus were not influenced by the nature of the stimulator cell. These data collectively indicate that heterogeneous Ia+ accessory cells are required to stimulate helper but not cytolytic T cell precursors. PMID- 6600242 TI - Activation of lymphocytes by a thiol-derivatized nucleoside: characterization of cellular parameters and responsive subpopulations. AB - Lymphocyte activation, whether specific or nonspecific, is generally conceptualized as initiated by the binding of an activating ligand to a surface membrane receptor, followed by transduction of the signal across the cell membrane. In many situations several qualitatively distinct signals are required. We have recently described a new class of lymphocyte activator, the C8 bromine substituted guanine ribonucleosides, that traverse the cell membrane, bypassing classical triggering mechanism(s), apparently activating the lymphocyte at an intracellular site. However, the identity of the lymphocyte population(s) activated, as well as the nature of any cellular interactions involved in activation, has not been studied heretofore. The present experiments describe the cellular parameters of lymphocyte activation by a thiol substituted member of this class of activators, 8-mercaptoguanosine (8MGuo). Upon addition of this nucleoside derivative to cultures of murine spleen cells, a marked increase in [3H]TdR uptake and blast transformation ensues. Normal splenic B cells and spleen cells from congenitally athymic (nu/nu) mice are responsive to 8MGuo, whereas thymocytes and splenic T cells are not. Two subpopulations of B cells appear to be involved in the response to this nucleoside. The predominant one is a mature population that bears surface delta-chains, la antigens, C receptors, and (by indirect evidence) the Lyb3, 5, and 7 antigens. These cells also bear mu-chain and Fc receptors. In addition, a second, minor subpopulation of less mature cells that bear only mu-chain and Fc receptors also appears to be reactive to 8MGuo. The existence of this immature, reactive B cell subset was confirmed by observation of 8MGuo responsiveness in lymphocytes from 4-day-old mice whose cells do not yet exhibit these later-appearing markers. Accessory cells appear to play a minimal, if any, role in the 8MGuo response. These results establish two distinct B cell subpopulations as the major and minor cellular targets of C8 derivatized nucleosides, and suggest that the activation process results from a direct interaction between the nucleoside and target cell. PMID- 6600243 TI - Mechanisms of idiotype suppression. V. Anti-idiotype antibody inhibits early B cell triggering induced by antigen. AB - To investigate the relationship between antigen-mediated B cell commitment and induction of idiotype (id) suppression, anti-id antibody directed against the major id (TEPC-15 idiotype or T15id) of the anti-phosphorylcholine (PC) antibody was added at various time intervals to BALB/c spleen cell cultures stimulated with a T-independent PC antigen, R36a. The suppressive effect of anti-T15id antibody on the anti-PC response was rapidly decreased as addition of the antibody was delayed; when anti-T15id antibody was added 6 hr after the initiation of the cultures, only partial suppression was induced, whereas the addition of anti-id antibody after 24 hr did not result in significant suppression of the anti-PC response when compared with similar cultures treated with mock anti-id antibody. This acquisition of resistance to id suppression was completely inhibited by treatment with either sodium azide or colchicine, as well as at temperatures below 20 degrees C. The induction of resistance to id suppression during the preincubation period was dependent on the presence of an immunogenic level of specific antigen. This antigen-mediated B cell commitment did not appear to require macrophages because preincubation of macrophages with antigen did not affect the sensitivity of the B cells to anti-id antibody. These results support the possibility that anti-id antibody inhibits early B cell triggering, which involves an energy-dependent, epitope-mediated, lateral mobility of antigen receptors possibly followed by repolymerization of microtubules. PMID- 6600244 TI - Activation of antigen-enriched b cells. I. Purification and response to thymus independent antigens. AB - The development of a procedure for the selection of a large number of functional antigen-binding B cells is described. Forty to 70% of the cells in the enriched population bind antigen, and the antigen-binding can be inhibited by pretreatment with either the free hapten (TNP-Lys) or anti-immunoglobulin. The enriched cells express both slgM and slgD and respond to mitogenic stimuli by proliferating and developing into antibody-forming cells. In contrast to normal spleen cells, however, the enriched cells also proliferate in response to submitogenic levels of TNP-Brucella abortus and TNP-LPS. PMID- 6600245 TI - Activation of antigen-enriched B cells. II. Role of linked recognition in B cell proliferation to thymus-dependent antigens. AB - The responsiveness to T-dependent (TD) and T-independent (TI) TNP-antigens of murine splenic B cells previously enriched for antigen-binding cells (ABC) was examined. TNP-TI antigens induced B cell proliferation. TNP-TD antigens did not induce a proliferative response regardless of the physical form or nature of the TNP-TD antigen (e.g., soluble vs particulate, low or high haptenation of carrier, TNP on various insoluble matrices, etc.). TNP-TD antigens were effective in enhancing the response of the TNP-ABC to all concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) tested, indicating that binding of antigen to surface immunoglobulin alters the LPS responsiveness of the cell. Irradiated, keyhole limpet hemocyanin- (KLH) primed T cells induced a threefold to fourfold greater B cell proliferative response with TNP-KLH than with fluoresceinated KLH (FLU-KLH) or FLU-KLH together with TNP-human serum albumin (TNP-HSA). Therefore, linked recognition appears essential for optimal T cell-mediated B cell proliferation, whereas the induction of B cell proliferation via nonlinked, carrier-activated T cells is a minor component of the response. PMID- 6600246 TI - The ontogeny and distribution of B cells in normal and mutant immune-defective CBA/N mice: two-parameter analysis of surface IgM and IgD. AB - A dual-laser fluorescence-activated cell sorter was utilized to study the distribution of the surface IgM and IgD on individual B cells of normal and immune-defective CBA/N mice. Cells from different lymphoid organs and from developing mice were studied. Two major populations of cells were seen. Those with low densities of surface IgM and intermediate-high densities of surface IgD were relatively or totally absent from the bone marrow, spleens, and lymph nodes of adult, immune-defective (CBA/N x DBA/2)F1 male mice, and developed late in ontogeny in the lymphoid organs of normal F1 female mice. By contrast, the second major population, with intermediate-high surface IgM and low surface IgD, was found in highest frequency in the lymphoid organs of immature mice, the bone marrow of adult mice, and the lymphoid organs of F1 male mice compared to F1 female mice at any age. These two major populations of B cells were further subdivided into five groups of cells to better define the surface IgM and IgD characteristics of developing B cells of immune-defective and normal mice. The relationship of these groups of cells to populations defined by other criteria are discussed. PMID- 6600247 TI - Level of mIa expression on mitogen-stimulated murine B lymphocytes is dependent on position in cell cycle. AB - Using correlated flow cytometric analysis of cell surface Ia antigen expression (immunofluorescence) and cell cycle phase (pulse-width of axial light extinction), we have quantitated changes in expression of mIa antigen on murine B cells during progression through cell cycle. Our results indicate that density of mIa expressed on mitogen-stimulated B cells increases fourfold to fivefold during the transition from G0 to G1. By early S phase, mIa density has decreased by fourfold to fivefold relative to peak expression. This decrease becomes more evident by late S, G2, and M phases, when an eightfold decrease in mIa antigen density is observed relative to peak levels. This decrease results in mIa antigen expression lower than that of resting, unstimulated B cells. Therefore, maximum mIa antigen expression occurs during G0 to G1 transition and in early G1, when a requirement for I region-restricted, antigen-driven T cell help for thymus dependent, antigen-driven B cell activation has been demonstrated. PMID- 6600248 TI - Analysis of the B cell subpopulations influenced by allogeneic effect factor. I. MHC restricted enhancement of b cell responses to thymic-independent antigens, types 1 and 2, in normal and CBA/N mice. AB - The ability of allogeneic effect factor (AEF) to enhance the in vitro antibody responses of murine T cell-depleted B cell populations to thymic-dependent (TD) antigens also occurs with thymic-independent (TI) antigens. AEF significantly enhanced the in vitro antibody responses of normal T cell-depleted spleen cell populations to both 2,4,6-trinitophenylated Brucella abortus (TNP-BA), a TI type 1 antigen, and 2,4,6-trinitrophenylated aminoethylcarbamylmethyl-Ficoll (TNP Ficoll), a TI type 2 antigen. The enhancing activity of AEF on TI responses was analyzed further in immune-defective CBA/N mice that possess only Lyb-5- B cells, and thus fail to respond to TNP-Ficoll, but do respond to TNP-BA and sheep red blood cells (SRBC). AEF was able to reconstitute the in vitro antibody responses of CBA/NT cell-depleted B cell populations to SRBC and to augment the T cell depleted response to TNP-BA. These data suggest that AEF can enhance the activity of both Lyb-5+ as well as Lyb-5- B cells in their responses to both type 1 and type 2 TI antigens, and to the TD antigen SRBC. This enhancing effect of AEF on the TD and TI responses was MHC restricted for both Lyb-5+ as well as Lyb-5- spleen cells. PMID- 6600249 TI - Regulation of lymphocyte production in the bone marrow. I. Turnover of small lymphocytes in mice depleted of B lymphocytes by treatment with anti-IgM antibodies. AB - To examine the concept that the genesis of lymphocytes in the bone marrow may be regulated by homeostatic feedback signals from peripheral B lymphocytes or their products, lymphocyte production was measured in mice selectively depleted of B lymphocytes by repeated administration of anti-IgM antibodies from birth. The turnover of small lymphocytes was quantitated radioautographically after DNA labeling by continuous infusion of 3H-thymidine. In the femoral marrow of anti IgM-treated mice, the number of small lymphocytes was reduced and their turnover time was shorter than in control mice, presumably reflecting the premature elimination from the marrow of maturing cells about to express surface IgM. The absolute number of small lymphocytes being produced per femur in unit time, however, was identical in anti-IgM-treated and control mice. Lymphocyte production in the thymus was also unaffected by anti-IgM suppression whereas in the spleen the turnover of small lymphocytes was reduced due to the lack of young immigrant B lymphocytes from the bone marrow. The results demonstrate that the normal large-scale production of lymphocytes in mouse bone marrow is independent of the magnitude of the peripheral pool of B lymphocytes or the level of circulating immunoglobulins, suggesting the process is not subject to feedback control. Some implications for the genesis and diversity of primary B lymphocytes are discussed. PMID- 6600250 TI - The effect of alpha 1 antitrypsin on the proliferative response of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - In evaluating immune aberrations in patients with alpha 1 antitrypsin (alpha 1 AT) deficiency, we have previously shown that they exhibit enhanced lymphocyte responsiveness to PHA that is serum mediated. In this study, we demonstrate suppression of the PHA response by using purified alpha 1 AT, and also similar but less marked suppression of the Con A response. alpha 1 AT, however, has no effect whatsoever on PWM-induced proliferation. This effect is demonstrable provided alpha 1 AT is added within 4 hr of mitogen activation and is mediated by its action on adherent cells rather than on proliferating lymphocytes. Adherent cells still exhibit this effect if pulsed with alpha 1 AT, then thoroughly washed before their activation. This suggests that it may be inhibiting a membrane serine esterase already activated before the addition of PHA. Thus alpha 1 AT may modulate the activation of T cells through its effect on monocytes, leading to abnormalities in immunoregulation, and hence a predisposition to the development of a variety of immunologic disorders in alpha 1 AT-deficient subjects. PMID- 6600251 TI - Limiting dilution analysis of the frequency of human T cells and large granular lymphocytes proliferating in response to interleukin 2. I. The effect of lectin on the proliferative frequency and cytotoxic activity of cultured lymphoid cells. AB - Human peripheral blood LGL that mediated NK and small T cells were isolated in high purity (98% by morphology) by density sedimentation on discontinuous Percoll gradients. The proliferative frequency of these subpopulations in the presence of lectin-free conditioned media containing IL 2 was determined by limiting dilution analysis. LGL showed a 20-fold greater frequency of proliferative cell precursors than small T cells (1/200 and 1/4970, respectively). The NK-like nature of cells expanded from LGL preparations in IL 2 was confirmed by parallel testing of the cytotoxicity against K562. Whereas T cell microcultures showed no lytic activity against K562 (cytotoxic precursor frequency less than 1/10,000), LGL cultures showed frequencies of cytotoxic precursors (1/170) comparable to those of proliferative precursors. Neither responder cell type gave rise to detectable lytic activity against NK-insusceptible mouse lymphoma RL male 1 or alloblasts. LGL proliferation was only minimally affected by the presence of PHA at the onset of culture (rise to 1/74 with 2 micrograms/ml PHA). By contrast, small T cells showed a dose-dependent increase of proliferative frequency, to reach 1/11 with 2 micrograms/ml PHA, provided accessory cells in the form of PBMC, monocytes, or LGL but not T cells were present. The cytotoxic activity of LGL and small T cells expanded in IL 2 was confirmed in bulk cultures. LGL-CLC showed high lytic activity against NK-susceptible cell lines and a majority of freshly isolated allogeneic human tumor targets. T cell-CLC showed little activity against cell line targets (K562, Raji, L1210, RL male 1) but were lytic for some fresh tumor cells. These data establish optimal conditions for the growth of human LGL in IL 2-dependent culture and suggest that a major contributor to lysis of allogeneic human tumors by CLC is likely to be NK cells. The data indicate that large numbers of activated T cells cannot be detected in vivo and that in vitro induction of IL 2 receptors by lectin/antigen is necessary for the establishment of antigen-reactive T cell lines. In contrast, a proportion of LGL appear to be spontaneously activated and susceptible to IL 2-dependent growth. Thus, in the absence of stimulation, culture of unfractionated lymphoid cells in the presence of IL 2 is likely to select for the growth of LGL with NK activity. PMID- 6600252 TI - Serologic aspects of IgG4 antibodies. I. Prolonged immunization results in an IgG4-restricted response. AB - Labeled antigen-binding tests were used to determine quantitatively the contribution of IgG4 antibodies to the total IgG antibody response in humans. In agreement with literature, we found no IgG4-restricted antibody responses with tetanus toxoid or streptococcal carbohydrate. In the serum of individuals immunized for several years with phospholipase (PLA) from honey bee venom, grass pollen allergen, or house dust mite allergen, we often found that more than 50% of the total antigen-binding capacity was due to IgG4 antibodies. In the case of beekeepers, it could clearly be shown that during prolonged immunization a shift in the IgG4:IgG1 antibody ratio occurs that finally results in an IgG4-dominated antibody response. Evidence is provided that antigen-binding assays may even underestimate the contribution of IgG4 antibodies, because in contrast to IgG1 antibodies, IgG4 antibodies act as monovalent antibodies in being unable to cross link immunosorbent-bound antigen and radiolabeled antigen. PMID- 6600253 TI - Generation of alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes: evidence for a differentiation factor distinct from IL 2. AB - In this report we provide evidence that the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) involves a differentiation signal in addition to a proliferative signal, and that the differentiation signal is mediated by a factor distinct from interleukin 2 (IL 2). Generation of CTL from nylon wool-nonadherent splenocytes stimulated by heat-treated thymocytes did not correlate with the addition of IL 2 containing supernatants to this factor-dependent bioassay. IL 2 from two different sources and prepared by different methods (purified IL 2 from the LBRM33 cell line and partially purified IL 2 from the EL4 cell line) was not sufficient to generate a cytotoxic response in the bioassay. The inability of IL 2 to generate a cytotoxic response was not due to the use of heat-treated stimulator cells because similar results were obtained with UV-treated cells. As we previously reported, supernatant fluids containing a differentiation/activation factor did generate CTL from nylon wool-nonadherent splenocytes. Supernatant fluid from co-cultures of activated T cells and M phi as well as from cultures of activated M phi contained this CTL helper factor; however, only the former supernatant contained IL 2 activity. These results suggest a factor distinct from IL 2 is providing a differentiation/activation signal that is necessary for CTL development. Although IL 2 was not effective at generating CTL from nylon wool-nonadherent splenocytes, it was capable in some, but not all, experiments of generating a cytotoxic response from unseparated splenocytes. The ability of IL 2 to induce a cytotoxic response from unseparated splenocytes appeared to correlate with the presence of a weak background response seen when unseparated cells were used as responder cells. PMID- 6600254 TI - Soluble factors for B cell activation: a T cell hybridoma that secretes a specific B cell growth factor. AB - A murine T cell hybridoma, T91, has been established by fusion of BALB/c Con A activated spleen cells with BW 5147 HAT-sensitive thymoma cells. T91 constitutively produced a factor that markedly enhanced the proliferative response to LPS of B cells cultured at low cell density. This factor is nonmitogenic by itself. It maintains in the absence of LPS, the proliferation of B cell blasts previously activated with LPS for 3 days. T91 supernatant contains neither IL 1 nor IL 2 nor TRF activity, and mixing experiments indicate the absence of factors suppressing these activities. The data suggest the existence of a specific B cell growth factor compatible with a two-signal model for B lymphocyte activation. PMID- 6600255 TI - Activation of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of human neutrophils and eosinophils by separate colony-stimulating factors. AB - Semi-purified human colony-stimulating factors (CSF) powerfully enhanced the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) by metrizamide gradient purified human neutrophils and eosinophils. The stimulation was observed on three different tumor targets, was rapid (less than 1 hr) in onset, and CSF-stimulated cells needed direct contact with targets for killing. A subspecies of human CSF, CSF-alpha, with eosinophil and granulocyte-macrophage (GM) colony-stimulating activity enhanced both eosinophil and neutrophil killing. In contrast, another subspecies of human CSF, CSF-beta, having only GM colony-stimulating activity, only enhanced neutrophil-mediated ADCC. These results support the notion that human CSF have two sites of action: i) the progenitor cell, where they stimulate a relatively slow process of differentiation, and ii) the mature cell, where they have a rapid action of increasing functional capacity. Furthermore, it seems the pattern of CSF receptors on progenitor cells is maintained throughout the lineage of such cells and serves to regulate the function of mature cells. PMID- 6600256 TI - The synthesis and secretion of granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating activity (CSA) by isolated human monocytes: kinetics of the response to bacterial endotoxin. AB - We studied the kinetics of the synthesis and secretion of granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating activity (CSA) by human monocytes stimulated by S. typhi endotoxin. We found that these cells initially secrete copious quantities of CSA when exposed to endotoxin but rapidly become refractory to its stimulatory effect. When monocytes were incubated in liquid suspension cultures, large amounts of CSA were generated during the first 24 hr of culture after the addition of as little as 10 ng/ml of endotoxin to previously unstimulated monocytes. After the addition of endotoxin, CSA secretion abruptly took place after an initial 1 to 2 hr lag phase, and occurred primarily within the first 6 to 12 hr of culture. The addition of puromycin or cycloheximide to the cultures significantly inhibited CSA secretion in response to endotoxin, suggesting that CSA production by stimulated monocytes requires de novo protein synthesis and does not solely result from the release of preformed active CSA. After initial exposure to endotoxin, CSA production by monocytes steadily decreased after 24 hr and ceased after 72 hr. Subsequent reexposure to the same concentration of endotoxin resulted in little CSA production, whereas the refractory state could be overcome by increasing the quantity of endotoxin added. Additional studies demonstrated that refractoriness of monocytes to further CSA production after initial response to endotoxin was not due to a loss of cell viability, degradation of endotoxin, or inhibition of CSA synthesis by soluble metabolites generated by stimulated monocytes. Our data suggest that the capacity of human monocytes to synthesize CSA in response to endotoxin rapidly becomes blunted after initial exposure of the cells to the lipopolysaccharide, but that the refractory state of these cells can be overcome by increasing the concentration of endotoxin. Acquired hyporesponsiveness of cells that produce CSA may in part account for the phenomenon of immediate endotoxin tolerance observed in vivo. PMID- 6600257 TI - Modulation of the biologic activities of IgE-binding factors. I. Identification of glycosylation-inhibiting factor as a fragment of lipomodulin. AB - Splenic T lymphocytes of rats treated with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) spontaneously release a lymphokine that inhibits the glycosylation of IgE-binding factors during their biosynthesis and provides the factors with biologic activity: selective suppression of the IgE response. The lymphokine, which is called glycosylation-inhibiting factor, also prevents IgE-induced increases in Fc epsilon R+ cells. The glycosylation inhibiting factor is formed by stimulation of BCG-primed spleen cells with PPD and participates in the selective formation of IgE-suppressive factors. The lymphokine is derived from OX 8+ T cells in both the CFA and BCG systems. The glycosylation-inhibiting factor is a 16,000-dalton peptide, as estimated by gel filtration, and specifically binds to monoclonal antibody against lipomodulin, a phospholipase inhibitory protein. Furthermore, "lipomodulin" was detected by radioimmunoassay in the 16,000-dalton fraction that contained glycosylation inhibiting factor. The fraction did not inhibit phospholipase A2 but after alkaline phosphatase treatment, the fraction did inhibit phospholipase A2. Furthermore, purified lipomodulin obtained from glucocorticoid-treated rabbit neutrophils had the same biologic activities as glycosylation inhibiting factors; i.e., it inhibited both protein glycosylation of IgE-binding factors and IgE-induced expression of Fc epsilon R. The results collectively indicate that glycosylation-inhibiting factor is a fragment of phosphorylated lipomodulin. PMID- 6600258 TI - Acute-phase reactants of mice. II. Strain dependence of serum amyloid P-component (SAP) levels and response to inflammation. AB - Serum amyloid P-component (SAP) is an acute-phase reactant of mice that occurs at baseline concentrations that vary over a 10-fold range among several common inbred mouse strains. The endogenous SAP levels of all strains increased to 180 to 230 micrograms/ml 24 h after an inflammatory stimulus of either thioglycollate (TG) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The C57BL/6J and C57BL/10SN strains displayed 10-fold increases in SAP concentration during acute inflammation, whereas the A/J and DBA/2J strains increased levels by only 20 to 40%. These strains were therefore designated high and low SAP responders, respectively. Testing for H-2 linkage of endogenous SAP levels by using several H-2 congenic lines derived from the C57BL/10, C3H, A, and BALB parental backgrounds indicated that the levels were only weakly influenced by the H-2 complex and were influenced much more strongly by the non-H-2 background genes. F1 hybrids (B6AF1 and B6D2F1) of high and low responder strains displayed a high SAP response similar to that of C57BL/6J mice. Because IL 1-containing macrophage supernatants and semi-purified human IL 1 were previously shown by us to induce SAP in vivo, we titrated IL 1 as LAF activity in supernatants from LPS-activated macrophages from the different mouse strains. Macrophages from the high SAP responder strains displayed significantly higher IL 1 activity than macrophages from the low SAP responder strains. LPS-unresponsive C3H/HeJ or C57BL/10Sc mice did not respond to LPS with an increase in SAP synthesis. Adoptive transfer of the SAP response to C57BL 10Sc mice by using early (90 min) acute-phase sera from the different strains indicated that higher SAP inducer activity was present in the latent phase sera from the high SAP responder strains. The identification of high and low SAP responder strains should aid in determining the biologic role of this acute-phase reactant. PMID- 6600259 TI - Immunization with idiotypic immunoglobulin protects against development of B lymphocytic leukemia, but emerging tumor cells can evade antibody attack by modulation. AB - Immunization of strain 2 guinea pigs with idiotypic IgM obtained from serum of animals in the terminal phase of the L2C leukemia produced high levels of circulating anti-idiotypic antibody that was cytotoxic for the tumor cells in the presence of syngeneic C. Such animals showed good protection against injected tumor cells, but after a long delay, leukemia did develop. As tumor cells appeared in the blood, anti-idiotype was consumed, but the cells displayed little or no surface Ig and could not be killed in vitro by anti-idiotype and C. However, as serum antibody levels fell, the cells displayed increasing amounts of surface IgM lambda of the same idiotype and regained their susceptibility to the antibody and C in vitro. It appears, therefore, that the ability of tumor cells to modulate their target idiotype can present a considerable problem for antibody mediated attack. PMID- 6600260 TI - Natural killer (NK) cells as a responder to interleukin 2 (IL 2). I. Proliferative response and establishment of cloned cells. AB - The proliferative response of murine natural killer (NK) cells to a T cell growth factor, interleukin 2 (IL 2) was investigated by using the NK-enriched, low density fractions (F.1) and NK-depleted, T cell-enriched, and high-density fractions (F.3) of normal spleen cells after Percoll-discontinuous density gradient centrifugation. When F.1 and F.3 cells were cultivated with IL 2 containing medium without addition of any other factors, like lectins, feeder layer, or macrophage products, F.1 but not F.3 cells showed an IL 2-dependent proliferative response. Growing populations showed a potent NK activity and consisted largely of cells with a morphology of large granular lymphocyte (LGL) and a surface marker profile characteristic for murine NK cells. By limiting dilution in the liquid culture and colony formation in the soft agar medium, F.1 but not F.3 cells showed a high frequency of clonal replication in IL 2. Almost all growing colonies in either medium showed a typical morphology of LGL. Further, F.1 cells treated with anti-asialo GM1 antibody and C, from which NK cells and cytolytic activity were almost completely abrogated and for which T cells were enriched, conversely formed a few IL 2-dependent colonies. From the colonies in soft agar, 11 clones, all of which showed a typical morphology (LGL), a typical surface profile with the exception of lacking IgG-Fc receptors for NK cells (Thy-1 +/-, Ly-5+, ASGM1+, Lyt-1-, Lyt-2-, Fc gamma R-), and a cytotoxic activity of activated nature, were established and maintained for a period of longer than 1 yr in the medium containing IL 2 alone. These results indicate that a major population in the naive spleens of normal mice that respond directly to IL 2 and clonally replicate without other stimulating factors may be NK cells. PMID- 6600261 TI - Influence of dietary restriction and aging on natural killer cell activity in mice. AB - Natural killer cells (NK) are believed to defend against tumor growth. Because rodents subjected to dietary restriction without malnutrition live longer and develop spontaneous tumors less often or later in life than unrestricted controls, we measured NK activity in restricted and in unrestricted mice. An age related decline in NK responses to YAC-1 tumor target cells was detected in both groups. NK responses for control mice were highest in 2- to 3-mo-old mice, sharply reduced in middle-age mice (14 to 15 mo), and slightly reduced further in old mice (30 to 33 mo). At all ages the response of restricted mice was less than that of controls. However, after injection with Poly I:C (which increases NK activity), old restricted mice showed NK cytolysis not different from young mice on either diet, and substantially higher responses than old unrestricted mice. In addition, restricted mice showed increased in vitro generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to YAC-1 and P815 compared with age-matched controls. Restricted mice may better resist cancer via an NK system very responsive to induction signals coupled with a CTL system more effective than that of unrestricted controls. PMID- 6600262 TI - Modulating effects of enzymes on T gamma and T mu cells in patients with atopic dermatitis. AB - Ten patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis had increased levels of IgE in the blood and a reduced level of T cells with Fc receptors for IgG (T gamma). After pronase and trypsin digestion of Fc receptors, cultured T cells regenerated the Fc receptors, but preserved the difference between patients and controls. Neuraminidase treatment increased the T gamma-cell level in both patients and controls. Serum from patients with atopic dermatitis could not reduce the T gamma-cell expression in the controls. With regard to Fc receptors, no qualitative difference was observed between patients and controls, but a genuine quantitative difference accounts for the observed reduction of T gamma cells in blood. PMID- 6600263 TI - Characterization of T-cell subpopulations in skin and peripheral blood of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphomas and benign inflammatory dermatoses. PMID- 6600264 TI - T-cell subset modulation of blood erythroid burst-forming unit proliferation. AB - Peripheral blood BFU-E are primitive erythroid progenitor cells that have been reported to exhibit an absolute dependence on T-cells for proliferation in the plasma clot system. The study reported here was undertaken to define the differential effects of TS and TH lymphocytes on proliferation of BFU-E. We investigated the effect of unfractionated T-cells, TS, and TH on in vitro growth of peripheral blood BFU-E. Cell populations were negatively selected by treatment with murine monoclonal antibodies (OKT-3, OKT-4, OKT-8) and C'. Our experiments suggest that proliferation of peripheral blood BFU-E exhibits an absolute requirement for T-cells. The capacity to enhance growth of BFU-E is approximately equal between normal unfractionated T-cells and TS and TH cells. The data suggest that the TH and TS cells defined by the OKT antibodies are not critical in the modulation of erythroid proliferation. PMID- 6600265 TI - Venom coagglutinin for detection of von Willebrand factor activity in animal plasmas. AB - Platelet-aggregating vWF activity in several animal species is difficult to detect with either the ristocetin co-factor test or the PAF test using human platelets, indicating considerable species restriction in applicability of these procedures. VCA, a recently described second "activator" of vWF, was found not to be restrictive as to species and readily elicited the vWF response in all 13 animal plasmas tested. For any one of the animal plasmas, the vWF-dependent platelet aggregation reaction can be demonstrated by using VCA with either homologous or heterologous species of platelets. VCA was employed with lyophilized platelets in two types of platelet aggregating test systems, a macroscopic procedure and an aggregometric method. Many of the animal plasmas (dog, rabbit, horse, cow, cat, sheep, and goat) had about three to five times the plasma vWF content of human plasma. Pig and rat plasmas had vWF levels approximating those of human plasma. Guinea pig plasma had about half as much vWF as human plasma. VCA also caused a well-defined vWF-dependent platelet response in PRPs. The data suggest considerable differences in the rate of aggregation of platelets from different species. Bioassay of vWF can be performed with the different animal plasmas if the source of platelets and the VCA concentration are controlled. VCA thus appears to provide a broad-spectrum probe for vWF and is effective in the various species combinations of plasma and platelets. PMID- 6600266 TI - Stages of renal ontogenesis identified by monoclonal antibodies reactive with lymphohemopoietic differentiation antigens. AB - Differentiation antigens of T and B lymphocytes were sought in human fetal and adult kidney tissues with monoclonal antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence. Antibodies that identify B cells (BA-1 and anti-B1) and leukemia-associated antigens (BA-2, BA-3, and J5) reacted with renal glomerular and tubular epithelium at characteristic stages of nephron development. BA-1 and BA-2 identified primitive epithelium of the glomerulus, and ureteral bud and nephron development was characterized by loss of BA-1 and BA-2 binding by visceral glomerular and proximal tubular epithelium. In contrast, J5 and BA-3 did not react with primitive epithelium but identified visceral and proximal tubular epithelium after appearance of the glomerular basement membrane and throughout subsequent nephron differentiation. Anti-B1 reacted with ureteral bud and distal nephron epithelium in more mature fetal tissues. Monoclonal antibodies that identify populations of T cells and thymocytes did not react with parenchymal cells of fetal or adult kidneys. They did identify interstitial mononuclear cells whose size and relative numbers appeared gestationally related. Monoclonal antibodies that recognize a human monomorphic HLA-DR determinant reacted with glomerular and peritubular capillaries as early as 11 wk of gestation. The distribution and density of HLA-DR expression appeared more related to gestation than nephron development. The relationship between renal parenchymal expression of lymphohemopoietic antigens and glomerular acquisition of C3b receptor activity was determined using C3b-coated fluoresceinated Escherichia coli. In fetal tissues, C3b receptor activity appeared developmentally related to the loss of determinants recognized by BA-1 and BA-2 and to the appearance of J5 and BA-3 reactivity with visceral glomerular epithelium. Tissue binding and comparative avidity of J5 and BA-3 antibodies was studied in a series of experiments, the results of which suggest that these antibodies are directed against the same epitope or closely related epitopes of the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen. The common expression of differentiation antigens and C3b receptors by cells of lymphohemopoietic lineage and renal epithelia suggests the possibility of heretofore unrecognized commonality of function or developmental experience. PMID- 6600267 TI - The "Ly-1 B" cell subpopulation in normal immunodefective, and autoimmune mice. AB - A small subpopulation of normal murine splenic B cells carrying all of the classic B cells markers (IgM, IgD, Ia, and ThB) also carries Ly-1, one of the major T cell surface molecules. This "Ly-1 B" subpopulation (identified and characterized by multiparameter FACS analyses) consists of relatively large, high IgM/low-IgD/low-Ly-1 lymphocytes that represent approximately 2% of the spleen cells in normal animals and, generally, 5-10% of spleen cells in NZB mice. Ly-1 B are clearly detectable in all normal mouse strains tested as well as NZB, CBA/N, other X-id mice and nude (nu/nu) mice. They are found primarily in the spleen; are either absent or very poorly represented in lymph node, bone marrow, and thymus; appear early during ontogeny, and comprise about a third of the small number of lymphocytes present in 5-d-old mice. NZB and (NZB x NZW)F1 mice have more Ly-1 B than all other strains and, furthermore, have a unique Ly-1 B population that secretes IgM when cultured under usual conditions in the absence of added antigen. The IgM secretion by these Ly-1 B cells accounts for the previously reported "spontaneous" IgM secretion by NZB spleen cells in culture. Studies with FACS-sorted cells show that the presence of Ly-1 on these IgM secreting cells distinguishes them from the (Ly-1 negative) IgM-secreting "direct" plaque-forming cells generated in NZB mice after stimulation with sheep erythrocytes. PMID- 6600269 TI - Differentiation antigens identify subpopulations of rabbit T and B lymphocytes. Definition by flow cytometry. AB - A panel of six monoclonal antibodies produced against cell surface glycoproteins of a rabbit T lymphocyte line was used with flow cytometry to define rabbit lymphocyte subpopulations. Four thymocyte populations were characterized by size and expression of cell surface antigens and appear to represent stages in thymocyte differentiation. Rabbit spleen contained five subpopulations: two of T lineage, two of B, and a null cell subset. Bimodal distribution of staining of thymocytes and peripheral T cells was observed using an antibody (9AE10) directed against a Thy-1 analogue in the rabbit, suggesting two separate T cell lineages. One of the monoclonal reagents, L11/135, reacted strongly with peripheral rabbit T cells as shown by two-color immunofluorescence. In functional studies, only the L11/135-bearing cells responded to the T cell mitogens concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin and to allogeneic splenocytes. The thymocyte subpopulations and the peripheral T and B cell subsets differ from those described in mouse and man. PMID- 6600268 TI - Evidence for human T cell lymphoma-leukemia virus infection of family members of human T cell lymphoma-leukemia virus positive T cell leukemia-lymphoma patients. AB - Sera of family members of patients from the United States, the Caribbean, and Japan, with human T cell lymphoma-leukemia virus (HTLV) associated T cell malignancies, possess HTLV-specific antibodies directed against internal structural components of HTLV, p24 and p19. The prevalence of antibodies to HTLV is greater in family members than in random healthy donors, which supports the infectious nature of HTLV and its association with particular aggressive T cell malignancies. Expression of HTLV p24 and p19 has also been observed in cultured T cells of some healthy relatives, and intact virus particles have been released from cells of one possibly pre-leukemic family member. PMID- 6600270 TI - Long-term growth of lines of murine dinitrophenyl-specific B lymphocytes in vitro. AB - Studies of cellular events associated with antigen-induced triggering and differentiation of B cells would be greatly facilitated by the availability of homogeneous cell lines of antigen-specific lymphocytes that can be maintained in long-term culture. By combining the techniques of enrichment of lymphocytes for antigen-specific cells, cloning in soft agar, and long-term propagation of B cells we have been able to isolate, propagate, and maintain two lines of dinitrophenyl (DNP) -specific B lymphocytes. These cell lines are B lymphocytes that have 70% and greater than 80% DNP-specific rosette-forming cells, respectively. Both cell lines secrete small amounts of antibody spontaneously but can be stimulated by antigen in vitro in the presence of either supernatants from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated spleen cells or irradiated normal filler cells. Thus far these lines have been maintained in vitro for greater than 9 mo. They will be useful in studying factors associated with B cell response. PMID- 6600271 TI - The role of Ia molecules in the activation of T lymphocytes. III. Antigen specific, Ia-restricted, interleukin 2-producing T cell hybridomas with detectable affinity for the restricting I-A molecule. AB - Antigen-specific I region-restricted, interleukin 2-producing T cell hybridomas were produced by fusing GAT-specific T cell blasts with BW5147. Two antigen specific phenotypes were identified, one autoreactive and one nonautoreactive. All of the antigen-specific and autoreactive clones were H-2 restricted, mapping to the IA subregion by genetic analysis and monoclonal antibody inhibition. Both the antigen-specific and autoreactive stimulation are the property of a single cell and required no known exogenous antigens. PMID- 6600272 TI - Development of a human T-T cell hybridoma secreting B cell growth factor. AB - The success of long-term culture of normal human and murine B cells has been hampered by the limited availability of soluble factors capable of maintaining proliferation of activated B lymphocytes. Previous experiments using various culture-derived supernatants in a human system were unable to separate the activities of B cell growth factor (BCGF) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) by immunochemical means. Thus, purified factors with BCGF activity in the absence of IL-2 activity have not been available for study. In the present study, normal human peripheral blood T cells were fused with the hypoxanthine/aminopterin/thymidine-sensitive human T-leukemic cell line, CEM-6. Supernatants from the resulting hybrid cells were tested for the ability to maintain proliferation of normal human B cells in a recently described assay system for human BCGF. Hybrids demonstrating BCGF activity were cloned by limiting dilution. One hybrid clone, 2B11, continued to support proliferation of B cells in both long-term cultures and 6-d assays at a level significantly above that seen with conventionally produced growth factors. No IL-2 activity was found in the supernatant from hybrid 2B11. The hybridoma supernatant was fractionated by gel filtration, and maximum proliferation of B cells was supported by the 18 20,000 mol wt protein fraction. Thus, a human T-T cell hybridoma that has BCGF activity in the absence of any demonstrable IL-2 activity has been developed. Human T-T cell hybridomas secreting discrete immunoregulatory factors should prove to be powerful tools in dissecting the mechanisms of immunoregulation of human lymphocyte function. PMID- 6600273 TI - IgG subclass, IgE, and IgA anti-trinitrophenyl antibody production within trinitrophenyl-Ficoll-responsive B cell clones. Evidence in support of three distinct switching pathways. AB - The IgM, IgG subclass, IgE, and IgA anti-trinitrophenyl (TNP) antibody (Ab) response of B cells to the type 2 antigen TNP-Ficoll was studied in athymic nude mice and in the in vitro splenic focus assay. Results from the splenic focus assay in which purified B lymphocyte preparations had been transferred to irradiated nu/nu recipients indicate that many TNP-Ficoll stimulated B cell clones secrete multiple isotypes and hence appear to be undergoing intraclonal isotype switching. Although the frequency of clones secreting each of the IgG subclasses was found to correlate with 5' to 3' Igh-gamma gene order, the frequency of IgE and IgA-secreting clones did not appear to be influenced by the respective position of Igh-epsilon and Igh-alpha on the chromosome. Unlike clones that secreted anti-TNP Ab of the IgG subclasses, IgE and IgA anti-TNP Ab secreting clones did not have a high propensity for coexpression of isotypes encoded by 5' Igh-C genes. These data suggest that three distinct switching pathways may be employed by B cells responding to TNP-Ficoll: a common IgG pathway, an IgE pathway, and an IgA pathway. The presence of T cells resulted in a preferential enhancement of the production of anti-TNP Ab of those IgG subclasses which were least represented in the absence of T cells, i.e., IgG2b and IgG2a. No significant enhancement of IgE anti-TNP clonal frequency was found in the presence of T lymphocytes, but T cells were found to significantly enhance the clonal expression of IgA anti-TNP Ab. Although a relatively large number of B cell clones were found to synthesize IgE and IgA anti-TNP Ab in the splenic focus assay, relatively little or no secretion of these isotypes was detected in immune mice. Possible explanations for this apparent discrepancy are discussed. PMID- 6600274 TI - Intraventricular hemorrhage in severe head injury. AB - A series of 30 patients suffering posttraumatic intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) after closed head injury is reviewed. Clotted blood and a mixture of blood and cerebrospinal fluid could be distinguished by computerized tomography (CT). Posttraumatic IVH was associated with diffuse brain lesions in most cases; intracerebral lesions with contusion, and subdural hematomas coexisted with posttraumatic IVH in eight and four instances, respectively. In two more cases, no CT abnormality other than IVH was noted. All patients in this series were in deep coma at the time of CT examination, and only seven survived. The early clinical findings, the site of ventricular hematoma, and the final outcome are analyzed. PMID- 6600275 TI - Cerebral blood-flow tomography: xenon-133 compared with isopropyl-amphetamine iodine-123: concise communication. AB - Tomographic maps of local cerebral blood flow (CBF) were obtained with xenon-133 and with isopropyl-amphetamine-iodine-123 (IMP) in 11 subjects: one normal, two tumor cases, and eight cerebrovascular cases. A highly sensitive four-face, rapidly rotating, single-photon emission tomograph was used. The Xe-133 flow maps are essentially based on the average Xe-133 concentration over the initial 2 min during and after an inhalation of the inert gas lasting 1 min. These maps agreed very well with the early IMP maps obtained over the initial 10 min following an i.v. bolus injection. The subsequent IMP tomograms showed a slight decrease in contrast amounting to appr. five percentage points in the CBF ratio between diseased and contralateral areas. It is concluded that Xe-133 is more practical: low cost, available on a 7-day basis, easily repeatable, quantifiable without the need for arterial sampling, and with low radiation exposure to patient and personnel. On the other hand, IMP gives an image of slightly higher resolution. It also introduces a new class of iodinated brain-seeking compounds allowing, perhaps, imaging of other functions more important than mere blood flow. PMID- 6600276 TI - Image improvement and design optimization of the time-of-flight PET. AB - Positron emission tomography (PET) with the added time-of-flight information has been shown to provide a better reconstructed image over conventional positron tomography. This improvement depends on the size of the object being imaged, the intrinsic resolution of the detector, and the time-of-flight resolution. Moreover, the signal-to-noise ratio of a PET image is related not only to the total number of counts in the image but also the event-locating uncertainties, the reconstruction filter function, and the recovered resolution in the image. This study provides a physical explanation for, and description of, the improvement in signal-to-noise ratio of a reconstructed image as a function of the crucial design parameters: time-of-flight timing resolution, intrinsic detector resolution, object size, and reconstructed image resolution. PMID- 6600277 TI - Growth and plasma amino acid concentrations in term infants fed either whey predominant formula or human milk. AB - We found no significant differences in mean growth measurements or mean plasma amino acid concentrations in 14 healthy full-term infants fed a whey-predominant cow milk formula and 15 healthy full-term infants who were breast-fed. Plasma taurine concentrations did not differ despite a tenfold higher level of taurine in human milk versus that in the formula. Plasma amino acid concentrations were measured one hour after feeding when the infants were 3 days and 2, 8, and 16 weeks of age. Weight, length, head circumference, crown-rump length, and skinfold thickness were measured at 3 days, 2 weeks, and 1, 2, 4, and 6 months of age. This study indicates that a whey-predominant cow milk formula compares favorably with human milk as a primary feeding for full-term infants. PMID- 6600278 TI - Unusual presentations of Haemophilus influenzae infections in immunocompromised patients. PMID- 6600279 TI - Supraventricular conduction abnormalities following cardiac operations. A complication of inadequate atrial preservation. PMID- 6600280 TI - Surgically created aorta-coronary vein fistula. PMID- 6600281 TI - Operative mortality in coronary bypass grafting. PMID- 6600282 TI - Regulation of pH during hypothermia. PMID- 6600283 TI - Assessment of bypass grafts by computed tomography. PMID- 6600284 TI - Right ventricular function during left heart bypass. AB - Right heart failure may occur during mechanical support of the left ventricle (LV). Right ventricular (RV) functional changes were studied in eight dogs (26.9 +/- 1.4 kg) subjected to various degrees of left heart bypass (LHBP) with a roller pump. The venous return to the right atrium was controlled with a second pump. RV function was evaluated by peak RV developed pressure, its first derivative (dp/dt), and mean RA pressure measurements. Left atrial, LV, and aortic pressure and both roller pump flows were determined. Incremental increases in LHBP flow ratio ([LHBP flow x 100] divided by venous return flow) to 60%, 90%, and 100% were associated with decrements in RV dp/dt from the control of 212 +/- 17 torr/sec to 192 +/- 16, 178 +/- 16, and 168 +/- 13 torr/sec, respectively. Biventricular bypass or total cardiopulmonary bypass with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation seems to be indicated if LHBP flow ratio greater than 90% is required to maintain adequate body perfusion. Maximal LV decompression to obtain the greatest reduction of LV myocardial oxygen consumption may not be the ideal goal during LV mechanical assistance. PMID- 6600285 TI - Graft-versus-host disease and severe combined immunodeficiency. PMID- 6600286 TI - Aspirin and maternal or neonatal hemostasis. PMID- 6600287 TI - Macrophage function in common variable immunodeficiency. PMID- 6600288 TI - Myoclonus, ataxia, and hypoventilation: response to L-5-hydroxytryptophan. PMID- 6600289 TI - Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency in children. AB - Two white girls had reduced serum concentration of alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha AT), phenotype ZZ, and liver disease. Hepatocytes exhibited the microscopic criteria of alpha-AT deficiency. Hypocomplementemia, elevated circulating immune complexes (patient 1), clinical signs of renal disease, and the histologic findings of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) type I developed. Immunoglobulin A (but not alpha-AT) was demonstrable immunologically as a component of glomerular deposits in patient 1. Among 53 patients with MPGN but without clinical signs of liver disease, none had Pi type Z. Among 23 patients with phenotype ZZ but without clinical signs of kidney disease, six had abnormal complement protein levels, but the pattern did not resemble that of idiopathic MPGN type I. These results are consistent with the conclusion that MPGN in the two patients reported here is a consequence of their chronic liver disease and is not directly related to the presence of the allelic alpha-AT variant PiZ. PMID- 6600290 TI - Corticoresistant nephrotic syndrome associated with T-cell deficiency in two sisters. AB - The coexistence in two sisters, born to related parents, of a corticoresistant nephrotic syndrome, lymphopenia, an immune deficit, short stature, and photophobia is described. The immune deficit is mainly cellular; studies of lymphocyte markers demonstrate a pronounced deficiency of T lymphocytes and Fc-mu receptor-bearing cells. It is suggested that a thorough examination of number and function of T cells should be performed in patients with a familial corticoresistant nephrotic syndrome and recurrent infectious episodes before considering immunosuppressive treatment. PMID- 6600291 TI - Work in progress: umbilical venous cannulation: a new approach for embolization of esophageal varices. PMID- 6600292 TI - Detection of pulmonary emboli in dogs: comparison of single photon emission computed tomography, gamma camera imaging, and angiography. AB - Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) allows separation of radionuclide activity in front of and behind the area of interest and results in more contrast than can be achieved using conventional gamma camera imaging. To determine if this improved contrast is of value in the detection of perfusion abnormalities in the lung, the lower lobe segmental pulmonary arteries of six dogs were embolized and pulmonary perfusion was evaluated using SPECT, conventional gamma camera imaging, and angiography. Although selective segmental angiography was the most sensitive method of detecting emboli, SPECT was much more sensitive than the gamma camera examination in evaluating the effects of the emboli at two hours and one, two, and eight weeks after embolization. PMID- 6600293 TI - Oesophageal bleeding from aortoesophageal fistula due to aortic aneurysm. AB - From pathology data it appears that aortic aneurysm may be the commonest cause of aorto-oesophageal fistula (AOF), but this entity is rarely diagnosed clinically. We report 6 patients, seen during a 5-year period, with aneurysms which initially caused chest pain and minor oesophageal bleeding. The diagnosis of AOF was made before death in only 1 case; surgery was not attempted. This patient and 4 others died when rupture into the oesophageal lumen or wall caused exsanguinating haemorrhage. The 6th patient, who died after prostatectomy without a major haemorrhage, had oesophageal fibrosis localized at the aneurysm; this type of lesion occurs in the development of a fistula. The therapeutic ideal is to forestall fatal rupture by prompt diagnosis and immediate surgery when mild oesophageal bleeding gives warning of fistula formation. PMID- 6600294 TI - Reproducibility and consistency in classification of breast parenchymal patterns. AB - The Wolfe Classification System of evaluating risk of developing breast cancer from analysis of mammographic parenchymal patterns (MPP) has received worldwide attention. In addition to confirming its validity, it is necessary to establish the ability of radiologists to apply the classification of mammograms consistently and reproducibly. This paper reports the results of 12 radiologists associated with the former Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Projects (BCDDP) in Ann Arbor, Honolulu, Seattle, and Tucson. The participating radiologists had all had some experience with classifying mammograms, then were exposed to more intensive instruction, and finally worked with atlases developed at each institution. The results reported here show the comparisons of the radiologists' readings with Dr. Wolfe in a series of three separate exercises and also three tests of intraobserver consistency. Two of the participating institutions used xeromammograms and two, film mammograms. The study was designed and supervised by an independent data coordinating center with masking of mammograms, without benefit of information of previous readings and no information available except age. The results indicate that this group of radiologists could classify mammograms in the method of Wolfe at an acceptable level compared to other similar exercises. PMID- 6600295 TI - Renal arterial calcification simulating nephrolithiasis on sonography. PMID- 6600296 TI - Bilateral adrenal calcifications at birth in a neonate. PMID- 6600297 TI - Nephrolithiasis in infants: association with chronic furosemide therapy. PMID- 6600298 TI - Closed skeletal needle biopsy: review of 120 cases. AB - A review of 120 percutaneous bone biopsies performed on 110 patients in the Radiology Department of the Hospital for Special Surgery showed a 72% concurrence of biopsy findings with the patient's other clinical findings and subsequent course. Of the biopsies, 58% were correctly positive for malignancy or infection and 14% were correctly negative. The rest, 28% of the biopsies, were either incorrectly negative or had insufficient tissue for diagnosis and were therefore unsatisfactory. Only eight positive cultures from biopsy material were obtained in 21 cases with bone infections. In diagnosing metastasis, a higher success rate (84%) was noted in vertebral biopsies than other sites (66%). Poor success (44%) was noted, however, in biopsying primary bone neoplasm. PMID- 6600299 TI - The manubriosternal joint in rheumatoid disease. AB - Manubriosternal joint abnormalities are often undetected causes of chest pain. Twenty-five normal patients and 40 cadaver specimens were evaluated to establish the normal radiographic anatomy of this articulation. Analysis of the manubriosternal joint was carried out in rheumatoid diseases in order to ascertain the incidence and variety of abnormalities. Twenty-seven of 100 manubriosternal joints were abnormal in rheumatoid arthritis. Of 25 patients with ankylosing spondylitis 20 (80%) revealed abnormalities either with erosions or fusion. None of 25 patients with psoriatic arthritis and none of 20 with Reiter syndrome showed erosions or ankylosis. The articulation should be evaluated in rheumatoid diseases and in non-arthritic patients with chest and/or shoulder pain. PMID- 6600300 TI - Popliteal cysts in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6600301 TI - Direct puncture angiography in congenital venous malformations. PMID- 6600302 TI - Isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate embolization of a hepatoportal fistula. PMID- 6600303 TI - Rupture of an acute dissection of the thoracic aorta into the pericardium: angiographic demonstration. PMID- 6600304 TI - Anatomy of the sacral venous plexus. PMID- 6600305 TI - Nitrous-oxide analgesia for interventional radiologic procedures. PMID- 6600306 TI - Contrast-medium-induced electrocardiographic abnormalities: comparison of bolus and infusion of methylglucamine iodamide and methylglucamine/sodium diatrizoate. AB - A double-blind study comparing electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities induced by methyglucamine iodamide and methylglucamine/sodium diatrizoate was conducted in 189 patients. The media were each administered by both bolus and infusion. Iodamide caused fewer ECG changes both by injection and infusion. This contrast medium also resulted in fewer ECG changes in the patient groups with known prior ECG abnormalities, cardiovascular disease, arrhythmias, ischemia, or renal impairment and in those over 50 years of age. Digitalis did not increase the frequency of ECG abnormalities with either medium. With diatrizoate, the lower bolus dose produced as many major ECG changes in the presence of preexisting ECG abnormalities (arrhythmias, ischemia) or prior cardiovascular disease as the three-times-larger infusion dose more slowly administered; conversely, the opposite was found when renal insufficiency or older age existed. The conclusion is that iodamide media caused fewer ECG abnormalities and may be less hazardous. PMID- 6600307 TI - Sterilized metastases: a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. AB - The usual indication of improvement in metastatic cancer is diminution of the mass. When a mass persists after treatment, it is presumed the lesion either does not respond or has stopped responding to the therapy. Two patients with brain metastases, one biopsy proven, from breast cancer and eight patients with presumed metastatic testicular cancer to the lung, liver, or retroperitoneum have been identified in whom surgery or autopsy revealed only necrosis and/or fibrosis in the persistent mass; the mass had been "sterilized." Although this phenomenon is not frequent, it is not uncommon in testicular cancer. Our observations are offered to make others aware that persistent mass need not indicate viable tumor. When sufficient examples are accumulated, some clues to predicting this phenomenon may help resolve the therapeutic dilemma it presents. PMID- 6600308 TI - Evaluation of medical student education in radiology. PMID- 6600309 TI - Splenic embolization to prevent dose limitation of cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 6600310 TI - Real-time sonographic needle biopsy guide. PMID- 6600311 TI - Lateral scout radiograph in CT-guided aspiration biopsy. PMID- 6600312 TI - Direct sagittal computed tomography of the temporomandibular joint. PMID- 6600313 TI - Deep spermatic vein embolization with a straight catheter. PMID- 6600314 TI - Radiologic reporting: structure. PMID- 6600315 TI - High-resolution radiography for detection of arthritic disorders. PMID- 6600316 TI - Biliary ascariasis: better detected by real-time versus static B-mode sonography. PMID- 6600317 TI - Modified mountain view of the patella. PMID- 6600318 TI - Vasculogenic impotence. PMID- 6600319 TI - Tortuous azygos arch simulating a pulmonary lesion. PMID- 6600320 TI - The problem of benign pulmonary nodules in children receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy. AB - Chest computed tomography (CT) is often used to detect and monitor pulmonary nodules in children undergoing chemotherapy for underlying sarcoma. Three children underwent resection of nodules which persisted during chemotherapy. In two children, all resected nodules were benign; in the other, a mixture of benign and malignant nodules was found. Our findings suggest that nodular scar formation after successful eradication by chemotherapeutic agents may be a mechanism for the persistence of pulmonary nodules. It should not be assumed that persistence of pulmonary nodules on CT after appropriate chemotherapy indicates inadequate response. PMID- 6600321 TI - Superior sulcus tumor: radiographic diagnosis and workup. PMID- 6600322 TI - The value of computed tomography in myasthenia gravis. PMID- 6600323 TI - Solitary echogenic spot in the liver: is it diagnostic of a hemangioma? PMID- 6600324 TI - CT differentiation of subphrenic abscess and pleural effusion. AB - The computed tomographic scans of 38 patients with proven subphrenic abscesses and 28 patients with proven pleural effusions were reviewed without knowledge of the final diagnosis. In 26% of cases the hemidiaphragm could be identified directly as a stripe, while in 71% of cases only the hemidiaphragmatic contour could be seen. In 3% of cases the hemidiaphragm position was indeterminate because insufficient scans of the chest or abdomen were obtained. In the cases where the hemidiaphragm position could be established, the computed tomographic diagnosis was correct in 100% of subphrenic abscesses and in 96% of pleural effusions. Methods of identifying the hemidiaphragm on computed tomography and the possible pitfalls are discussed. PMID- 6600325 TI - Pancreatic pseudocyst: comparative evaluation by sonography and computed tomography. AB - Fifty-four patients were referred to rule out pancreatic pseudocyst. These patients underwent both sonographic and abdominal computed tomographic (CT) examinations for the evaluation of suspected pseudocysts. Among the 54 cases were 24 with proven pseudocysts. CT correctly identified 23 of the 24 pseudocysts with one false-negative and two false-positive studies. With sonography, the studies were technically inadequate in 20 of the 54 patients examined. Sonography correctly diagnosed 18 of the 24 pseudocysts; however, in 10 of these 18 cases sonographic findings were incomplete relative to CT findings. There were one false-negative and three false-positive sonographic studies. On the basis of this study, it was concluded that CT is more accurate than sonography in both diagnosing and demonstrating the extent of pseudocysts of the pancreas. PMID- 6600326 TI - Focal lesions in the spleen: sonographic patterns and guided biopsy. PMID- 6600327 TI - Splenic abscess due to blastomycosis: scintigraphic, sonographic, and CT evaluation. PMID- 6600328 TI - Carcinoma of the gastric cardia in young people. AB - Carcinoma of the gastric cardia is usually considered a disease of middle-aged or elderly patients and is rarely suspected in young individuals. However, six cases are reported in patients under 45 years of age. The youngest was 26. A review of patient records revealed no obvious predisposing factor to account for the development of cancer at an early age. In four cases, double-contrast upper gastrointestinal examinations revealed a polypoid mass at the cardia. In two cases, however, the true origin of a tumor arising at the cardia was only recognized by obliteration of the normal anatomic landmarks at the cardia associated with irregular areas of ulceration. In all six cases, the tumor extended into the distal esophagus. Five patients presented with dysphagia. Careful radiographic evaluation of the cardia and fundus is therefore essential to rule out an underlying carcinoma of the cardia in all patients with dysphagia, regardless of age. PMID- 6600329 TI - Sonographic diagnosis of renal cystic diseases. PMID- 6600330 TI - Pelvic adenopathy from bladder and prostate carcinoma: detection by rapid sequence computed tomography. AB - Diagnostic pelvic lymphadenectomies are used in both bladder and prostate carcinoma. Enhanced rapid-sequence computed tomographic (CT) scanning of the retroperitoneum and pelvis was done prospectively in patients scheduled for lymphadenectomies. The CT results were then compared to the histopathological findings in 32 patients to analyze the ability of dynamic CT to indicate whether a lymphadenectomy is needed. The comparison showed eight true positive, four false negative, 18 true negative, and two false positive. The sensitivity was 66%, specificity 90% and accuracy 81%. The diagnostic considerations of the role of CT based on these findings are illustrated and discussed. PMID- 6600331 TI - Radiographic techniques to evaluate paintings. AB - Radiographic techniques may be helpful in evaluation of the condition of paintings for their restoration, preservation, and occasionally to determine their authenticity. On the basis of experience with several of these procedures, the utility of each method is described in reference to specific "diagnoses" regarding paintings. Radiographic techniques have several advantages over other methods; they are nondestructive, they may be used to survey the entire painting, and they are subject to quantitative and serial analysis. PMID- 6600332 TI - Muscle thickness in hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: sonographic determination. AB - Abdominal sonography was performed in 169 infants with vomiting. The hypertrophied circular muscle of the pylorus and distal antrum could be seen as a thick, hypoechoic cylinder in all cases of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. The thickness of each wall of this cylinder was 4 mm or more in 86 of 93 patients subsequently shown to have hypertrophic pyloric stenosis at surgery. None of the patients without stenosis displayed this finding on sonography. Although technically demanding, sonographic imaging with a high-frequency system (7 MHz or more) can be an accurate initial examination for hypertrophic phyloric stenosis. PMID- 6600333 TI - Combined esophageal and duodenal atresia: sonographic findings. PMID- 6600334 TI - Prone cross-table lateral view: an alternative to the invertogram in imperforate anus. AB - The prone cross-table lateral radiograph provides equal or sometimes better information, compared to the invertogram, for demonstration of the level of rectal atresia in neonates. Easy positioning, better cooperation of the patient, elimination of the effect of gravity, and better delineation of the rectal gas shadow are the advantages of the prone lateral view. Among the 45 cases compared, equal findings were noted in 37, but in eight babies the level of rectal atresia was more caudal in the prone radiograph than in the invertogram. PMID- 6600335 TI - The coexistence of ureteropelvic junction obstruction and reflux. AB - Since ureteropelvic junction obstruction is the most common upper urinary tract problem in children, and vesicoureteral reflux the most common lower tract problem, it is not surprising that these entities sometimes coexist in the same child. Over a 10 year period this uncommon phenomenon has been noted 21 times (in about 2,800 children with reflux and 200 children with ureteropelvic junction obstruction). Significant ureteropelvic junction obstruction in association with mild reflux can mimic severe reflux, but the operation needed is not reimplantation but pyeloplasty. Conversely, when significant ureteropelvic junction obstruction coexists with significant reflux, both operations may be necessary, but the order in which they are done (pyeloplasty first) seems to be crucial. Voiding cystography with appropriate postvoid drainage films, excretory urography, often with a catheter draining the bladder to prevent reflux, and provocative diuretic excretory urography and/or renography can determine that ureteropelvic junction obstruction does coexist and quantitate the severity of each problem. PMID- 6600336 TI - Premature fusion of the proximal humeral epiphyses in thalassemia. AB - Premature fusion of the proximal humeral epiphyses with varus deformity is a common and characteristic radiologic finding in thalassemia anemia. A review of 17 cases with bilateral and one case with unilateral involvement, coupled with known anatomic and mechanical factors, suggested an explanation for this phenomenon. Hypertrophied marrow will thin the trabeculae and cortex, perforate the cortex through normal fenestrations, and proliferate subperiosteally. Normal force vectors result in medial humeral compression and ultimately premature fusion. PMID- 6600337 TI - The effect of some contrast agents in the lung: an experimental study in the rat and dog. AB - Radiographic and histologic studies were carried out in rats and dogs after the instillation of Barosperse, Hypaque-35%, metrizamide, MP10013 (a nonionic iodine containing agent), and isotonic saline into the lungs of these animals. In addition, blood gases were examined using these agents in dogs. Given aspiration of larger quantities of the contrast agents, the nonionic iodine-containing agents (metrizamide and MP10013) were better tolerated and evoked less pulmonary response than either Hypaque-35% or Barosperse. PMID- 6600338 TI - Multiple primary bronchogenic carcinomas of the lung. AB - The problem of multiple primary bronchogenic carcinomas in a single patient is not well known to radiologists. Six patients who exemplified the clinical, radiographic, and pathologic difficulties in diagnosis are reported. The most frequent pathologic associations are squamous carcinoma and squamous carcinoma, squamous carcinoma and small-cell carcinoma, and squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. The previously undescribed association of small-cell carcinoma and bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma was present in one of six patients. While many patients have a synchronous presentation, the tumors are metachronous in 66%. Since the incidence of second primary carcinoma increases with time, close long-term monitoring is recommended. PMID- 6600339 TI - Avoidance of negative percutaneous lung biopsy using contrast-enhanced CT. AB - Fluoroscopically guided percutaneous biopsy of pulmonary masses is an accepted procedure, but large neoplasms often have necrotic areas which, if aspirated, do not afford a pathologic diagnosis. Such tumors may require multiple punctures or procedures to establish a diagnosis. A prebiopsy contrast-enhanced CT scan selectively demonstrates the extent of peripherally located, viable tumor tissue. Three cases of initially frustrated lung biopsies in which viable, diagnostic tissue was localized for fluoroscopic aspiration using the contrast-enhanced CT scan are presented. PMID- 6600340 TI - Control of massive hemoptysis by bronchial artery embolization with absolute alcohol. PMID- 6600341 TI - Sonographic staging of gastric cancer. AB - The sonographic images obtained in 32 patients with known gastric cancer, who were referred to sonography for evaluation of liver metastases and in whom a specific attempt was made in order to visualize the tumor, were reviewed and evaluated for the extent of exogastric neoplasm. Surgical correlation was available in 21 cases. Sonography allowed identification in five of seven patients who had distant metastases, 12 of 15 who had lymphadenopathy, and nine of 12 patients who had direct spread to structures surrounding the tumor; ascites was always correctly identified. In only one case, a false-positive diagnosis of lymph nodes metastases was made. These results indicate that sonography has good specificity in the staging of gastric cancer and that, when patients are referred for evaluation of liver metastases, it is worthwhile to gather useful additional information about tumor extent by performing a complete sonographic examination of the abdomen and pelvis and by making an attempt to visualize the primary neoplasm and its relations to surrounding organs. PMID- 6600342 TI - Computed tomography in the evaluation of Crohn disease. AB - The abdominal and pelvic computed tomographic examinations in 28 patients with Crohn disease were analyzed and correlated with conventional barium studies, sinograms, and surgical findings. Mucosal abnormalities such as aphthous lesions, pseudopolyps, and ulcerations were only imaged by conventional techniques. Computed tomography proved superior in demonstrating the mural, serosal, and mesenteric abnormalities such as bowel wall thickening (82%), fibrofatty proliferation of mesenteric fat (39%), mesenteric abscess (25%), inflammatory reaction of the mesentery (14%), and mesenteric lymphadenopathy (18%). Computed tomography was most useful clinically in defining the nature of mass effects, separation, or displacement of small bowel segments seen on small bowel series. Although conventional barium studies remain the initial diagnostic procedure in evaluating Crohn disease, computed tomography can be a useful adjunct in resolving difficult clinical and radiologic diagnostic problems. PMID- 6600343 TI - A sign of symptomatic chronic cholecystitis on biliary scintigraphy. AB - Five hundred patients with acute right-upper-quadrant pain underwent biliary scintigraphy with 99mTc paraisopropyliminodiacetic acid. One hundred and thirty four studies were reported normal (both gallbladder and activity in bowel are noted in 1 hr). Of the 134 studies reported as normal, 32 showed intestinal activity before gallbladder visualization during the first hour of the study. Sonography and/or oral cholecystography revealed that 24 patients had gallstones, and eight patients had no demonstrable pathology in the biliary system. Of the 134 studies, 102 showed visualization of the gallbladder before intestinal activity during the first hour of the study. Sonography and/or oral cholecystography showed that 73 patients had normal biliary system. The remaining 29 patients had gallstones. The overall sensitivity of this finding is 45%, the specificity is 90%, and the accuracy is 73%. In this group of symptomatic patients, the appearance of intestinal activity before gallbladder activity on biliary scintigraphy warrants further evaluation of these patients by sonography and/or oral cholecystography. PMID- 6600344 TI - Gallstone simulated by gallbladder septation. PMID- 6600345 TI - CT diagnosis of an esophageal foreign body. PMID- 6600346 TI - Contrast enhancement of hepatic tumors in CT: comparison between bolus and infusion techniques. AB - Pre- and postcontrast CT scans of 125 nonselected patients with histologically verified hepatic neoplasms were analyzed. Sixty patients received an intravenous bolus injection of 50-100 ml diatrizoate 60% in 10-20 sec, and 65 patients an intravenous infusion of 300 ml diatrizoate 30% in 5-10 min. Compared to the precontrast examination, a significant improvement in the visualization of hepatic tumors was obtained with both contrast administration methods when the patients were examined before the equilibrium phase (difference in blood iodine concentration between aorta and inferior vena cava of less than 10 H) is reached. The equilibrium phase is reached 2 min after a contrast material bolus and with termination of an infusion. Scanning in the equilibrium phase does not significantly improve visualization of hepatic tumors when compared to the precontrast examination and carries a considerable risk of partial to complete tumor concealment. For similar reasons, concealment of hepatic tumors might also result when intravenous contrast material is used for another radiographic study preceding the CT examination. PMID- 6600347 TI - Contrast enhancement of focal hepatic lesions in CT: effect of size and histology. AB - The effect of size and histology on the contrast enhancement of hepatic lesions has been analyzed in this clinical and experimental investigation yielding the following results: (1) The attenuation values of hepatic cysts in patients increase significantly and inversely with their size after contrast enhancement when the cysts measure less than twice the CT-slice thickness. This seems to be caused by partial-volume effect. (2) Experimental tumors of identical sizes and originating from the same cell line can demonstrate different contrast enhancement patterns. (3) Peak contrast uptake in both experimental and human tumors seems to be inversely related to their size. (4) Compared to liver, contrast washout from experimental and human tumors (presumably the extravascular space) is delayed. The delay in the contrast washout from a tumor seems to correlate with tumor size. These findings suggest that in general, it is not possible to differentiate reliably among various hepatic neoplasms on the basis of their contrast enhancement patterns for the following reasons: (1) Attenuation values of small hepatic neoplasms are distorted by partial volume effect. (2) Tumors of different histologies can demonstrate the same enhancement pattern. (3) Tumors of identical histology and size can demonstrate different enhancement patterns. (4) The enhancement pattern of a tumor changes with growth or size. PMID- 6600348 TI - Posttraumatic intrahepatic biloma: sonographic diagnosis. AB - Posttraumatic intrahepatic biliary cysts or bilomas were once thought to be rare. With increased use of sonography and 99mTc-HIDA cholescintigraphy, this entity will probably be detected more often. Preoperative sonographic diagnosis of posttraumatic biloma was made in five patients. A well circumscribed, anechoic hepatic lesion with excellent distal sonic enhancement strongly suggests the diagnosis. Cholescintigraphy especially using delayed scans or percutaneous aspiration, can confirm the diagnosis. PMID- 6600349 TI - Sonographic evaluation of hydatidiform mole and its look-alikes. AB - Seventeen proven cases of complete hydatidiform mole and 14 sonographically similar nonmolar cases were studied in detail with a variety of ultrasound transducers. Complete hydatidiform moles can be reliably differentiated from other lesions with similar sonographic appearances by using a highly focused ultrasound transducer to image the near field of the intrauterine contents. PMID- 6600350 TI - Lateral displacement of the right kidney by the colon: an anatomic variation demonstrated by CT. PMID- 6600351 TI - Rotator cuff tear measurement by arthropneumotomography. AB - Five years of experience with a method of shoulder arthrography using upright tomography in cases of suspected or known rotator cuff tears has demonstrated its effectiveness. The value of the procedure lies in its ability to demonstrate the size of the cuff tear and the thickness of the remaining cuff tissue. This information provides the surgeon with a preoperative estimate of the difficulty of the repair and the prognosis for a good functional recovery. In 33 cases, there was good correlation between the upright thin-section tomogram findings and the surgical results. The tomograms provided better information about the size of the tear and the quality of the remaining cuff than did plain arthrograms. PMID- 6600352 TI - Systematic approach to identifying fourth and fifth carpometacarpal joint dislocations. AB - Dislocations of the carpometacarpal (CMC) joints are rare injuries which often have subtle radiographic findings that may be overlooked. A systematic approach for evaluation of the carpometacarpal joints is developed from analyzing the radiographic findings in 17 cases of CMC dislocations at the fourth and fifth CMC joints. Principles of parallelism, symmetry, overlapping articular surfaces, indistinct cortical rim, and parallel M lines are used in this evaluation. Ten patients had combined fourth and fifth CMC joint dislocations and seven had solitary dislocations at the fifth CMC joint. Most of these CMC dislocations are dorsal (71%). In combined fourth and fifth CMC joint dislocations, loss of parallelism and symmetry is observed at the fourth CMC joint with overlap identified primarily at the fifth CMC joint. Fracture of the fourth metacarpal base is often an associated injury. In solitary fifth CMC dislocations, slight ulnar offset of the fifth metacarpal on the hamate is the most consistent finding in association with loss of parallelism, symmetry, and overlap. Fracture of the radial margin of the fifth metacarpal base is often observed with solitary fifth CMC joint dislocations. A systematic approach and establishing the diagnosis from standard radiographic views is emphasized. PMID- 6600353 TI - Sonography of jugular vein thrombosis. AB - The sonographic findings in three patients with jugular vein thrombosis are described. In each case, intraluminal clot appeared as a solid mass composed of midamplitude echoes. In one patient, near complete resolution of the thrombus was documented by serial sonograms over a 3 month period. High-resolution sonography of the neck is a reliable method to establish the diagnosis of jugular vein thrombosis. PMID- 6600354 TI - Carotid atherosclerosis: high-resolution real-time sonography correlated with angiography. AB - The merits of high-resolution real-time sonography in detection of plaque and estimation of stenoses were compared with angiography in 97 carotid bifurcations from 50 consecutive patients. For flow-reducing lesions, that is, stenosis greater than or equal to 50% or complete occlusion, sonographic accuracy was 86% and the mean difference in percentage narrowing was 17% (SD, 21.6%). For detection of normal or non-flow-reducing lesions, that is, less than 50% stenosis, sonographic accuracy was 89% and the mean difference in percentage narrowing was 8% (SD, 10.2%). Errors occurred mainly in severely diseased vessels and were often related to calcification in lesions and/or plaque of low echogenicity. Accuracy was lowest in predicting complete vessel occlusion (36%). Greatest accuracy was found in assessment of minimal disease. The technique is a useful supplement to the battery of noninvasive tests used to screen patients at risk for stroke and in defining those requiring angiography before surgery. PMID- 6600355 TI - CT-guided fine-needle aspirations for diagnosis of benign and malignant disease. AB - In 133 consecutive patients, 149 diagnostic fine-needle aspirations were performed in order to diagnose a suspected neoplastic or infectious disease. Most of these procedures were performed on, but not limited to, the pancreas (37), liver (28), lung (28), other intraabdominal sites (25), and retroperitoneum (15). The overall accuracy for both suspected malignant and infectious diseases was 90%. An increase in sampling accuracy was demonstrated when there was immediate evaluation of the aspirated material by a cytopathologist using a "fast" stain technique. PMID- 6600356 TI - Fibroadenoma of the breast: sonomammography correlated with pathology in 122 patients. AB - During the performance of 2,000 sonomammograms, there were 122 patients with 140 biopsy-confirmed fibroadenomas. Mass lesions or abnormalities were detected on the sonomammograms in 100 of these patients (82%) (118/140 masses), and a retrospective review of the descriptive sonographic criteria tabulated at the initial interpretation of 118 of these masses was undertaken. The most significant sonographic mass features were a round (48%) or oval (37%) shape, a smooth contour (75%), weak internal echoes (80%) in a uniform distribution (88%), and intermediate acoustic attenuation (71%). A pathologist reviewed all the cases, tabulating the gross and microscopic appearance of each specimen. In addition, the average fibrous and epithelial tissue content of 103 tumors (100 fibroadenomas and three adenofibromas) was recorded from a review of five low power microscopic fields of representative areas of the tumor and correlated with the sonographic features. The sonomammographic features of seven calcified fibroadenomas, five giant fibroadenomas, and one fibroadenoma containing in situ lobular carcinoma and a subgroup having both sonomammograms and radiomammograms are discussed. PMID- 6600357 TI - Low-cost digital teleradiology systems. AB - The proliferation of digital imaging methods creates a need for systems that facilitate storage and retrieval of these images. Several low-cost systems with the capability to store, retrieve, and transmit digital images from the medical center to distant general-purpose desktop microcomputers over standard telephone lines were investigated. Using error checking and nonlinear gray scales, both bistable and gray scale display systems were able to transmit and reproduce diagnostic quality images. The major limitations are the lack of low-cost digital mass-storage devices and relatively slow transmission times. PMID- 6600358 TI - Mediastinal extravasation during digital angiography. PMID- 6600359 TI - Restoring patency of central venous catheters. PMID- 6600360 TI - Redirection of malpositioned central venous catheters. PMID- 6600361 TI - Dormia basket modification for percutaneous transhepatic common bile duct stone removal. PMID- 6600362 TI - Electron radiography in the evaluation of solitary nodules in the thyroid gland. PMID- 6600364 TI - Radiologic reporting: the hierarchy of terms. PMID- 6600363 TI - A device for computed tomography of the patellofemoral joint. PMID- 6600365 TI - Local thrombolytic therapy: bridging the "generation gap". PMID- 6600366 TI - Lumbar epidural venography in disk disease. PMID- 6600367 TI - Importance of complete revascularization in performance of the coronary bypass operation. AB - Cardiac Data Bank records of 1,238 patients with triple-vessel disease (greater than or equal to 50% diameter reduction) who had undergone coronary bypass surgery were reviewed and divided into 2 groups depending on whether complete (n = 773) or incomplete (n = 465) revascularization had been accomplished. Patients with complete revascularization had a higher incidence of a normal preoperative electrocardiogram than did patients with incomplete revascularization (23 versus 14%, respectively, p less than 0.0001). The ejection fraction for both completely and incompletely revascularized patients was good (m = 0.60 and 0.57, respectively). The mean number of grafts per patient for the 2 groups was 3.8 and 2.6 (p less than 0.0001). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups with regard to postoperative inotropic requirements (8 and 7%), ventricular arrhythmias (1.8 and less than 1%), necessity for intraaortic balloon pumping (1.6 and 1.5%, hospital mortality (1.2 and 2.8%), or myocardial infarction (4.3 and 4.8%). Survival at 5 years was significantly greater (p less than 0.001) in patients with complete (88.5%) than in those with incomplete revascularization (83.5%). Reemployment occurred more often in patients with complete (52%) than in those with incomplete revascularization (40%) (p less than 0.001), and more patients were free of angina after complete (70%) than after incomplete revascularization (58%) (p less than 0.0005). Long-term survival appeared to be mediated primarily through improved revascularization rather than through differences in left ventricular function. PMID- 6600368 TI - Impairment of blastogenic response of splenic lymphocytes from iron-deficient mice: in vivo repletion. AB - Iron-deficiency anemia impaired the blastogenic response of splenic lymphocytes and partially purified T cells to Concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin. The response of splenic lymphocytes and partially B cells to bacterial lipopolysaccharide was also significantly impaired. Caloric restriction in pair fed mice did not have any significant effect. Blastogenic response to the three mitogens was restored to normal after anemic mice were fed the regular diet containing 25 to 30 mg Fe/kg (FeSO4) for approximately 10 days. We also found that in the anemic mice the mean wet weights per 100 g of body of spleen, heart, brain, and kidney increased, while those of the thymus and liver decreased. In the pair-fed mice only the mean wet weight of the liver significantly decreased. There was a small but significant decrease in the white blood count and peripheral lymphocyte count in the anemic but not the pair-fed mice. The mechanism by which iron deficiency impairs the cell-mediated immune response is discussed. PMID- 6600369 TI - Rapid sinus tachycardia. Differentiation from supraventricular tachycardia. AB - Current pediatric literature suggests that in sinus tachycardia the heart rate rarely exceeds 200 beats per minute. Three infants had heart rates of 240 to 270 beats per minute in whom the diagnosis was sinus tachycardia. We report these cases and offer diagnostic and therapeutic suggestions for the clinician who encounters an infant with a heart rate between 200 and 300 beats per minute. PMID- 6600370 TI - Changing spectrum of pneumonia--news media creation or clinical reality? PMID- 6600371 TI - Nonspecific vaginitis. Diagnostic criteria and microbial and epidemiologic associations. AB - Numerous previous studies of nonspecific vaginitis have yielded contradictory results regarding its cause and clinical manifestations, due to a lack of uniform case definition and laboratory methods. We studied 397 consecutive unselected female university students and applied sets of well defined criteria to distinguish nonspecific vaginitis from other forms of vaginitis and from normal findings. Using such criteria, we diagnosed nonspecific vaginitis in up to 25 percent of our study population; asymptomatic disease was recognized in more than 50 percent of those with nonspecific vaginitis. A clinical diagnosis of nonspecific vaginitis, based on simple office procedures, was correlated with both the presence and the concentration of Gardnerella vaginalis (Hemophilus vaginalis) in vaginal discharge, and with characteristic biochemical findings in vaginal discharge. Nonspecific vaginitis was also correlated with a history of sexual activity, a history of previous trichomoniasis, current use of nonbarrier contraceptive methods, and, particularly, use of an intrauterine device. G. vaginalis was isolated from 51.3 percent of the total population using a highly selective medium that detected the organism in lower concentration in vaginal discharge than did previously used media. Practical diagnostic criteria for standard clinical use are proposed. Application of such criteria should assist in clinical management of nonspecific vaginitis and in further study of the microbiologic and biochemical correlates and the pathogenesis of this mild but quite prevalent disease. PMID- 6600372 TI - Energetics of isometric contractions as a function of muscle temperature. AB - The energetic cost of generating isometric force in isolated frog muscle was examined at 10, 20, and 30 degrees C. Recovery O2 consumption (delta O2) and recovery lactate production (delta Lact) were measured under conditions in which O2 was not limiting metabolism. Both increased linearly with the force-time integral (integral of Fdt) generated by the muscle. The slopes of the regression equations for both delta O2 and delta Lact as a function of integral of Fdt increased with increasing temperature with a temperature coefficient (Q10) near 3. Total high-energy phosphate resynthesis from recovery metabolism was calculated by scaling the delta O2 regression equation and the delta Lact regression equation into equivalent ATP units and summing them. This total recovery metabolism was modeled as the sum of two components, a "cost of maintaining force" (slope of the equation) and a saturable "start up cost" (intercept of the equation). The cost of maintaining force increased with temperature with a Q10 near 3 over the whole temperature range, whereas the start up cost was nearly independent of temperature between 0 and 20 degrees C and fell to near zero at 30 degrees C. Delta O2 measurements from a series of tetani given in rapid succession showed that for contractions subsequent to the first, no start up cost was incurred and that the "cost of generating force" for these contractions was equal to the slope of the regression line for single tetani. The practical consequence of these facts is that, in series of tetani, the cost of generating force increases with a Q10 of 3. PMID- 6600373 TI - Peripheral nerve as an osmometer: role of the perineurium in frog sciatic nerve. AB - Measurements of volume and hydrostatic pressure in the frog sciatic nerve in vitro demonstrate that the nerve acts as an osmometer, in large part because the perineurium is a semipermeable membrane for water flow. Endoneurial hydrostatic pressure in nerves in isotonic Ringer exceeds bath pressure by about 7 mmHg. In Ringer made hypertonic by addition of sucrose, nerve volume and endoneurial pressure fall linearly in relation to 1/osmolality. The slope of the plot of pressure against volume provides a value for nerve compliance equal to 0.006 mm2/mmHg. Calculations based on the model of the nerve as an osmometer indicate that the nerve has an osmotically "inactive" volume equal to 0.19 mm3/mm, which is about 75% of the total volume of a nerve segment of unit length in normal Ringer. Perineurial hydraulic conductivity (Lp) equals 7.5 x 10(-13) cm3.s-1.dyn 1, a value characteristic of nonleaky epithelia. The perineurium is an elastic tissue with a constant modulus of elasticity equal to 3 x 10(6) dyn/cm2 when not markedly stretched and may limit nerve swelling under pathological conditions of nerve edema. PMID- 6600374 TI - Growth and metabolic alterations after submandibular sialadenectomy in male mice. AB - Because the submandibular salivary glands of male mice are rich in growth factors such as epidermal growth factor and nerve growth factor, and because there are sporadic reports of sialadenectomized mice showing growth retardation and endocrine abnormalities, we studied oxidative metabolism and fertility after submandibular sialadenectomy. Despite similar intake of food, male mice (n = 60) deprived of submandibular saliva, either by duct ligation or gland excision, initially weighed 12-13% less than the sham controls and had a slower rate of growth (P less than 0.001). After 5 mo, mice with duct ligation caught up with the sham-operated mice, but the differences compared with submandibular sialadenectomized mice were still apparent at 32 wk (P less than 0.001). The mean respiratory quotient of submandibular-sialadenectomized and duct-ligated mice was 0.71 instead of 0.88 as in the shams at 10, 20, and 30 wk after operation (P less than 0.01). No effect on fecundity was observed in either male or female mice following submandibular sialadenectomy. PMID- 6600375 TI - Nystatin studies of the skin of larval Rana catesbeiana. AB - Transport and electrical characteristics of the isolated skin of larval Rana catesbeiana were analyzed using ion substitution and nystatin. When the inner (IBS) and outer (OBS) bathing solutions contained Na Ringer solution the electrical potential (TEP), short-circuit current (SCC), and resistance (R2) were 23.5 +/- 7.0 mV, 2.8 +/- 0.7 microA . cm-2, and 8.00 +/- 0.74 k omega. cm2, respectively (n = 4). When K was substituted for Na in the OBS these values were not changed significantly. When nystatin (120 U.cm-3), a drug that increases the permeability of membranes to small cations, was added to the OBS (Na Ringer) there was a striking increase in the TEP to 52.8 +/- 3.1 mV, SCC to 14.8 +/- 2.0 microA . cm-2, and drop in R2 to 3.75 +/- 0.52 k omega . cm2. The response to nystatin was similar with Na or K Ringer solution in the OBS (Na Ringer in the IBS). With Na Ringer in the OBS and IBS, the increase in SCC induced by low doses of nystatin equaled net Na flux measured isotopically. Plots of transepithelial conductance against SCC after nystatin were linear and provided estimates of shunt resistance (R*sh = 14.6 +/- 1.3 k omega . cm2) and electromotive driving force for ions (E*A = 76 +/- 3 mV). Similar curves were obtained with K Ringer in the OBS. In the presence of nystatin, characteristics of the basolateral membrane were evaluated. It displayed selective permeability to K relative to Na or Tris. PMID- 6600376 TI - Effects of being overweight. AB - Based on cross sectional data from a general population of 5,817 people aged 14 to 61, objective overweight is compared with perceived overweight, and information is provided on morbidity due to being overweight, and on what people are doing to try to lose weight. We found that 10 percent of this population are moderately overweight and 12 per cent are severely overweight (although 41 per cent perceive they are overweight). Being overweight is associated with poorer functional status (e.g., overweight is given as the main reason for functional limitations by 13 per cent of people with such limitations) and with considerable pain, worry, and restricted activity because of this condition (e.g., 88 per cent of people who believe they are overweight worry at least a little about it). Only about 7 per cent of those who perceive they are overweight are under a doctor's care to lose weight. If physicians wish to assume a larger role in caring for overweight people, the nature of their role must be carefully evaluated. PMID- 6600377 TI - Mallory-Weiss syndrome. A study of 224 patients. AB - With the increasing early use of endoscopy, Mallory-Weiss syndrome has been found to be the cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in 224 of 2,175 (10.3 percent) patients studied. Since Mallory-Weiss syndrome is a self-limiting disease in more than 90 percent of patients, conservative treatment, including multiple transfusion, electrocoagulation, and compression by a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube in descending order of use, is the treatment of choice, especially in the medically debilitated patient. The cirrhotic patient poses special difficulty and generally has a poor outcome no matter what the treatment. Prolapse of the stomach into the esophagus may be an etiologic factor in a small subgroup of patients. PMID- 6600378 TI - Control of variceal bleeding. Reassessment of rationale. AB - The selective shunt concept has been validated both physiologically and clinically for the nonemergent patient with variceal bleeding. The patency rate of the shunt has been good and long-term control of gastroesophageal bleeding excellent. Furthermore, the transsplenic decompression of the upper stomach and lower esophagus has effectively prevented the problems related to gastritis and gastric varices seen with nonshunt procedures. Continued portal perfusion of the liver has been sustained for more than 9 years in some patients, and 9 of 11 patients have portal perfusion exceeding 7 years. The metabolic problems of the portaprival syndrome have been greatly ameliorated, and long-term survival with clinical well-being has been achieved. For the actively bleeding patient, acute renal vein hypertension needs to be prevented to provide effective control of hemorrhage. Selective splenocaval shunts have been successful in this regard in a small number of patients. PMID- 6600379 TI - Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal reservoir and ileoanal anastomosis. AB - An initial experience with a technique of restorative proctocolectomy utilizing a rectal mucosectomy, total colectomy, and ileal reservoir (Parks S-pouch) with ileoanal anastomosis for patients with ulcerative colitis and familial polyposis is presented. Although there were no deaths, significant morbidity did occur and was attributed to the use of a temporary loop ileostomy which may not be necessary. Early functional results are promising and to date, patient satisfaction is very high. PMID- 6600380 TI - Artifactual hypotension secondary to intraoperative transducer failure. PMID- 6600381 TI - Comparison of isoflurane and halothane when used to control intraoperative hypertension in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - The hemodynamic effects of isoflurane and halothane when used to control intraoperative hypertension were evaluated in 20 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. The patients were anesthetized with flunitrazepam, fentanyl, pancuronium, and N2O-O2. Control measurements were made after skin incision. When mean arterial pressure increased to 110 mm Hg due to sternal spread or surgical manipulation of the aorta, isoflurane or halothane were used to return arterial pressure to control levels. Using a non-rebreathing system, inspired isoflurane concentrations of 1.5-2.0 vol% or halothane concentrations of 1.0-1.5 vol% were necessary. Measurements were repeated during the hypertensive episode and after treatment with isoflurane or halothane while surgical stimulation continued. Both inhalation anesthetics decreased arterial pressure to baseline values within 5-10 min. The lowering of arterial pressure with halothane was not accompanied by significant decreases in the elevated systemic vascular resistance and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. Cardiac index and stroke volume index decreased markedly when halothane was used (18% and 25%, respectively). In contrast, isoflurane significantly decreased systemic vascular resistance (42%). This reduction of left ventricular afterload was associated with an increase in cardiac index (22%) and a decrease in left ventricular filling pressure. Heart rate did not change significantly. These findings indicate that isoflurane is superior to halothane for controlling intraoperative hypertension during coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 6600382 TI - The use of ketanserin, a 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist, for treatment of postoperative hypertension following coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - In patients developing hypertension following coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) the possible role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; serotonin) was investigated by injecting ketanserin, a specific 5-HT2-receptor antagonist. Ketanserin was administered intravenously when intraarterial systolic blood pressure (SAP) exceeded 150 mm Hg either as a 10-mg bolus (group 1, N = 15), or as a 10-mg bolus followed by infusion of 4 mg/h for either 2.5 h (group 2, N = 15) or for 1 h (group 3, N = 10). In 33 patients (82.5%), SAP and diastolic arterial pressure decreased significantly within 5 min after the 10-mg bolus. In group 1, SAP gradually increased after 30-50 min but in groups 2 and 3 SAP remained normal. The triple index (TI) decreased significantly in all groups. Heart rate decreased slightly but significantly in groups 2 and 3. Central venous and left atrial pressures did not change substantially in any of the three groups. Cardiac output increased significantly (0.51 +/- 0.158 L/min); hence, systemic vascular resistance (SVR) decreased significantly (452.1 +/- 50.57 dyn . s . cm-5--group 3). No rebound increase in SAP occurred after terminating the infusions (groups 2 and 3). These findings indicate that 5-HT plays a role in the majority of patients who develop hypertension following CABG. The decrease of SVR without reflex tachycardia is a favorable effect of ketanserin. PMID- 6600383 TI - Comparison of butorphanol and morphine as analgesics for coronary bypass surgery: a double-blind, randomized study. PMID- 6600384 TI - Lability of blocking antibody during ragweed immunotherapy. AB - The long-term immunologic changes with allergy injection therapy have been widely studied. There are few data, however, on the immunologic response to a single injection during the course of this therapy. Ten patients who had attained maintenance (1:100 w/v) within six months and 13 patients who had been on maintenance longer than three years were compared. Following baseline studies patients received their standard ragweed injections and were followed without further injections for 30 days. Titrated prick tests to short ragweed, specific IgE to short ragweed and IgG antibody to ragweed AgE were determined at intervals during the 30 days. Baseline values of skin tests, specific IgE and specific IgG did not differ significantly for the two groups. Values for all three parameters did not fluctuate significantly during the study. This study suggests that blocking antibody levels are stable soon after reaching maintenance and that allergy injections can be safely administered at monthly intervals beginning at that time. PMID- 6600385 TI - Serum IgE and IgE antibody levels in patients with bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, eosinophilic granulomas of the soft tissue (Kimura's disease) and other diseases. AB - Hyper-IgE immunoglobulinemia was observed in bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, eosinophilic granuloma of the soft tissue (Kimura's disease), disseminated visceral eosinophilic granulomas (Zuelzer-Apt syndrome) and disseminated eosinophilic collagen disease, IgE antibodies to environmental allergens (Dermatophagoides farinae mites, Aspergillus fumigatus, mountain cedar pollen, and Candida albicans) were found in bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis and combinations of the two, but were not significantly detected in the latter three diseases. Hyper-IgE immunoglobulinemia may be divided into two groups on the basis of the presence of specific IgE antibodies directed to environmental allergens. The presence of antimite IgE antibodies in atopic dermatitis sera was confirmed by radioimmunoelectrophoresis. Anti-mite IgE antibodies in atopic dermatitis were heterogeneous in their specificity and the allergenic moieties to which IgE antibodies were directed varied from one case to another. PMID- 6600386 TI - Colloid cyst of third ventricle. PMID- 6600387 TI - The influence of time on the response to dopamine after coronary artery bypass grafting: assessment of left ventricular performance and contractility using pressure/dimension analyses. AB - Pressure and dimension analyses were used to quantitate the changing cardiac response to dopamine over a 24-hour interval after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Ultrasonic dimension transducers were utilized to measure the minor-axis diameter of the left ventricle, and matched micromanometers were inserted to measure intracavitary left ventricular pressure and intrathoracic pressure. Pressure and dimension data were recorded and analysed by computer during dopamine infusion at 0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 micrograms per kilogram per minute, at periods designated as early (2 to 4 hours after CABG) and late (18 to 24 hours after CABG). Myocardial contractile responses to dopamine (peak velocity of minor-axis shortening, maximal excursion) were similar at each dose in the early and late studies. However, overall hydraulic performance, as reflected by cardiac outputs and the areas of the pressure/diameter work loops, had augmented late dose responses. This study suggests a major change in the relationship between the heart and peripheral control mechanisms that may partially explain diminishing inotropic requirements over time, in addition to the generally accepted occurrence of improvement in contractile state and functional reserve following cardiac operation. PMID- 6600388 TI - Massive hiatal hernia with incarceration: a report of 53 cases. AB - Between 1960 and 1980, 53 patients with massive incarcerated hiatal hernia were treated surgically. In 24 of the 53 patients, there was an associated organoaxial volvulus. The following symptoms and signs, which are almost peculiar to massive, incarcerated hernias, were observed: postprandial precordial distress in 43 patients, upper gastrointestinal bleeding (manifest or occult) in 24 patients, severe dyspnea in 13 patients, and complete obstruction associated with organoaxial volvulus in 4. In only 1 of the 53 patients was the hernia of the true paraesophageal type with the esophagogastric junction remaining in its normal, intraabdominal location. The remainder were all believed to be advanced stages of an ordinary sliding hiatal hernia. Operative treatment consisted of gastroplasty and partial fundoplication in 36 patients, standard Belsey repair in 14, and transabdominal Nissen repair in 3. Gastroplasty and partial fundoplication were used much more frequently during the 1970s, when it was realized that there is a significant incidence of chronic peptic esophagitis and shortening in these patients. Postoperative complications were few in spite of the advanced age of many of the patients. There was one operative death. Only 1 patient was lost to follow-up, and of the 51 patients remaining for analysis, follow-up has extended from 1 to 16 years, with a mean of 6.2 years. No patient has developed recurrent precordial pain, evidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, iron deficiency anemia, or severe dyspnea. Seven patients have residual dysphagia; this condition is minimal in 5, and is significant in 2 who require interval esophageal dilation. Nine patients have symptomatic reflux, which is minimal in 5 patients, moderate in 2 patients, and severe in 2 others who were subsequently reoperated on. Contrary to popular concept, our observations indicate that almost all of these patients represent advanced degrees of sliding hiatal hernia with intrathoracic displacement of the esophagogastric junction. This implies a need for an adequate antireflux reconstruction in all patients undergoing operation, as well as an awareness that unanticipated cicatricial changes may be present in the distal esophagus and may prejudice the success of some of the standard hiatal repairs. PMID- 6600389 TI - Acute tumor lysis in T-cell leukemia induced by amsacrine. AB - The acridine orange derivative amsacrine (National Services Center No. 249992) was used to treat a patient with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A 17 year-old boy had a tumor lysis syndrome after a single 200 mg/sq m dose of amsacrine. This was followed by a prolonged period of marrow hypoplasia leading to death from infection. Review of the literature and our own experience would suggest that T-cell ALL may be exquisitely sensitive to amsacrine. PMID- 6600390 TI - Adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder): a new approach to its management. AB - Fifty-six shoulders in 50 patients with adhesive capsulitis were divided into 2 groups, using different treatment programs. Group A comprised 28 shoulders in 26 patients. These were treated by therapeutic heating modalities followed by therapeutic exercises and gentle rhythmic stabilization manipulation. Group B totaled 28 shoulders in 24 patients. These were treated by prolonged pulley traction accompanied by transcutaneous nerve stimulation. Group B demonstrated much greater improvement than Group A. PMID- 6600391 TI - Complications of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. AB - Of 86 patients with herpes zoster ophthalmicus seen at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn, from 1975 to 1980, 61 had some form of ocular involvement. Corneal disease was seen in 47, uveitis in 37, postherpetic neuralgia in 15, scleritis in three, and ocular motor palsies in three. No case of optic nerve or retinal involvement was found. Of serious concern were four patients with neurologic complications, including two with contralateral hemiplegia and two with segmental cerebral arteritis. Because the neurologic complications occur several months after the episode of herpes zoster ophthalmicus, the association is often overlooked and the opportunity to treat with corticosteroids for systemic effect is missed. PMID- 6600392 TI - Corneal posterior crocodile shagreen and polymorphic amyloid degeneration. AB - Globes were obtained post mortem from a 75-year-old patient who had both corneal posterior crocodile shagreen and polymorphic amyloid degeneration. The crocodile shagreen was typified by grayish, polygonal opacities with indistinct edges and separated by clear lines. The cloudy area involved the central two thirds of the corneas and included the posterior two thirds of the stroma, with increasing posterior density. The polymorphic amyloid degeneration was typical, demonstrating polymorphic punctate and filamentous deposits in the deeper corneal layers. The deposits appeared white in direct illumination and refractile in indirect illumination. Transmission electron microscopy revealed sawtoothlike configurations of the stromal collagen lamellae that corresponded to the central cloudy opacities seen clinically. The minute deposits were found to be amyloid by histochemical staining and electron microscopy. PMID- 6600393 TI - Significance of exercise induced ST segment elevation in patients with previous myocardial infarction. AB - In order to determine the significance of exercise induced ST segment elevation in patients with previous myocardial infarction, we have studied 156 patients, 26 months (mean) after myocardial infarction. Each patient underwent 16 lead precordial electrocardiographic mapping before, during, and after exercise and in addition coronary arteriography was performed. There was no significant difference in the extent of coronary disease or abnormalities of left ventricular function between patients with exercise induced ST segment elevation that was noted to occur in leads with Q waves and those with ST segment elevation plus depression or those with ST segment depression alone. Patients without exercise induced ST segment changes had fewer coronary arteries involved than those who developed ST segment changes. Nineteen patients with exercise induced ST segment elevation alone underwent coronary artery bypass surgery; in 11 this resulted in complete abolition of the exercise induced ST segment elevation and was associated with symptomatic relief and patent grafts without alteration of left ventricular function. Thus, exercise induced ST segment elevation in patients with previous myocardial infarction should be considered as important as ST segment depression in terms of underlying myocardial ischaemia, coronary anatomy, and left ventricular function. PMID- 6600394 TI - Alpha 1-antitrypsin in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Alpha 1-antitrypsin serum levels were measured in 48 patients with acute myocardial infarction and in 19 control patients either with coronary heart disease without necrosis, or with neither coronary disease nor inflammation. Alpha 1-antitrypsin was significantly raised in the group of patients with acute myocardial infarction. As some patients individually showed no change in alpha 1 antitrypsin levels, however, they were divided into two groups according to the maximum serum levels attained. Patients with non-increasing levels of alpha 1 antitrypsin showed increased mortality and a higher incidence of cardiogenic shock, whereas reinfarction occurred more frequently in the group with high alpha 1-antitrypsin levels. Our findings may suggest that the course of a myocardial infarction is determined not only by the severity of the ischaemic event, but also by the response of the "acute" phase reaction" mechanism. We conclude that a failure of alpha 1-antitrypsin levels to increase after myocardial infarction may be associated with a worse clinical course. PMID- 6600396 TI - Immune responses in chronic dermatophyte infections. PMID- 6600395 TI - Clearance rates and systemic effects of intravenously administered interleukin 2 (IL-2) containing preparations in human subjects. AB - The present study was designed to examine the feasibility of in vivo administration of interleukin 2 (IL-2) to induce cytotoxic cell activity against tumours in human subjects. IL-2 was prepared from blood leukocytes stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and partially purified by membrane chromatography to exclude PHA. Administration of different amounts of IL-2 in vivo to 2 patients with melanoma revealed that the initial level of IL-2 in the circulation was related to the dose given and had a half-life of approximately 22.5 minutes. The initial and subsequent levels of IL-2 were lower than that expected to occur from equilibration in plasma and extracellular fluid. This was not apparently due to inactivation by serum factors because fresh human serum had little effect in vitro on the induction of mitogenic or cytotoxic activity by IL-2. Spontaneous division of lymphocytes was increased following IL-2 administration and it is suggested that clearance of IL-2 in vivo may reflect, in part, absorption by activated lymphocytes in the circulation. Side effects noted shortly after administration of the partially-purified IL-2 preparations included transient pyrexia, hypoglycaemia, increased cortisol levels, lymphocytopenia and signs of mild intravascular coagulation. No long-term effects were noted. These initial results suggest that systemic injection of purified preparations of II-2 may be a feasible approach to induce cytotoxic T cells in vivo. PMID- 6600397 TI - Ornithine decarboxylase induction in psoralen-treated mouse epidermis used as a test of UV-A sunscreen potency. AB - Inhibition by sunscreens of UV-A-induced epidermal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in 8-methoxypsoralen-treated mice was used to examine the UV-A sunscreen activity of two commercial preparations, Uval (para-aminobenzoic acid) and PreSun (a benzophenone derivative). Both gave significant protection against UV-A doses of up to 3 J/cm2 and Uval was more effective that PreSun in the UV-A range. At intermediate doses (5-15 J/cm2) neither Uval nor PreSun significantly altered the ODC response to UV-A. At doses of 20-40 J/cm2 UV-A, control and PreSun-treated animals showed a decline in ODC activity which histological studies suggested was due to severe epidermal damage. This decline in ODC activity and severe epidermal damage was not seen in Uval-treated animals. Topical zinc oxide was highly effective in preventing induction of ODC by UV-A irradiation at doses up to 40 J/cm2, and was significantly more effective than either PreSun or Uval. PMID- 6600398 TI - Dexamethasone enhances 'CSA' release and depresses 'BPA' release. AB - Dexamethasone 10(-7) M enhanced the release of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating activity (GM-CSA) by peripheral blood cells from 15 normals. In 16 patients with hypoplastic marrow failure this effect was more prominent, the release of GM-CSA being increased up to 10-fold by dexamethasone. Dose-response curves of patient cell supernatants indicate that dexamethasone acts by abrogation of an inhibitor on CSA-production. Dexamethasone decreased the release of burst promoting activity (BPA) in all normals and most patients. We conclude that the interaction of glucocorticoid hormones with lymphocyte function results in positive and negative effects on haemopoiesis in vitro. Preliminary experiments in one patient suggest that the steroid effect in vivo correlates with GM-CSA enhancement in vitro. PMID- 6600399 TI - Effects of human marrow stromal cells on proliferation by human granulocytic (GM CFC), erythroid (BFU-E) and mixed (Mix-CFC) colony-forming cells. AB - We have investigated the effects of the major components of bone marrow stroma (fibroblasts, fat cells, macrophages and endothelial cells) on colony-forming haemopoietic precursor cells. Selective cultures of the different stromal cell types, grown to confluence, were used as underlayers for agar or methylcellulose cultures containing bone marrow cells. In different experiments, colony stimulating factor (CSF) was added to stimulated granulocyte-macrophage colony forming cells (GM-CFC), erythropoietin was used to induce erythroid burst (BFU-E) formation or erythropoietin and medium conditioned by leucocytes in the presence of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA-LCM) was added to induce the formation of colonies of mixed myeloid lineage (Mix-CFC). Fibroblasts grown from human marrow enhanced granulopoiesis when CSF was present in the cultures but suppressed the formation of BFU-E and mixed colonies. Treatment of the cultures with methylprednisolone induced the formation of fat cells in the fibroblast cultures and prevented both the fibroblast-mediated enhancement of granulopoiesis and the fibroblast-mediated suppression of erythropoiesis. Stromal macrophages reduced granulocyte colony formation but had little effect on the proliferation of BFU-E or mixed colony forming cells. Endothelial cells stimulated granulopoiesis by releasing CSF into the culture supernatant; supernatant from endothelial cell cultures had no marked effects on either BFU-E or Mix-CFC. We conclude that different components of marrow stroma have contrasting effects on erythropoiesis and granulopoiesis; thus, marrow stroma may regulate the expression of stem cell differentiation in vivo. PMID- 6600400 TI - Trauma-induced endophthalmitis caused by Acinetobacter anitratus. AB - A 56-year-old man sustained an intraocular injury by a piece of steel followed by endophthalmitis, which resolved after lensectomy, vitrectomy, and intravitreal injections of gentamicin. Acinetobacter anitratus was the organism responsible for the endophthalmitis. It is a Gram-negative polymorphic organism that can resemble several other pathogens and possesses unpredictable antibiotic susceptibility. A. anitratus is an important cause of nosocomial infection but has not previously been reported as a cause of endophthalmitis following trauma. PMID- 6600401 TI - An investigation of 2'-deoxycoformycin in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. AB - We have investigated the use of 2'-deoxycoformycin (DCF), a potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase (ADA), in the treatment of 4 patients with advanced mycosis fungoides (MF). Since DCF has demonstrated an adverse effect in vitro and in vivo on the survival of leukemia T-cell lines, it appeared reasonable to examine its effect in patients with advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. A total of 8 courses of DCF were given to the 4 patients. Since this study was part of an ongoing phase I investigation, each patient received a fixed dose (varying from 4 mg/sq m to 10 mg/sq m daily for 3 consecutive days) on a 28-day schedule. One patient had reversible renal insufficiency. Three patients had reversible myelosuppression. Two patients had a complete remission of disease for 7+ and 9+ mo. respectively. Two additional patients had partial remissions for 4 and 9 mo, respectively. We concluded that effective antitumor activity in advanced MF can be achieved with DCF at doses that may not be associated with prohibitive toxicity. We would encourage further investigation of this agent in patients with advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. PMID- 6600403 TI - Evidence of the existence of a factor that induces C3 receptors on bone marrow cells. AB - The existence of a molecule responsible for the induction of C3R receptors (C3R) on murine bone marrow cells (C3R inducer, C3RI) is demonstrated in lung conditioned media. The inducer of Fc receptors on murine bone marrow cells (FcRI) and the colony-forming factor MGI (macrophage and granulocyte inducer) are also identified from the same source. The three inducing factors are shown by molecular sieving chromatography and by isoelectric focusing in granulated gel to be three different molecules. The molecular weights estimated were of 35,000, 22,000, and 10,500 for C3RI, MGI, and FcRI, respectively, with isoelectric pH values of 3.9, 6.6, and 7.6 for the same molecules. The C3RI is assumed to be of protein nature, because the molecule lost its biologic activity after trypsin or heat treatment. In the two techniques used, the three peaks of activity were completely separated, suggesting that the induction of C3 or Fc receptors and colony formation are mediated by different molecules and thus regulated independently at the cellular level. PMID- 6600402 TI - Isoelectric focusing of human von Willebrand factor in urea-agarose gels. AB - An analytical technique has been developed for the isoelectric focusing (IEF) of plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) in agarose gels containing urea. Under these conditions, vWF freely enters the gel and focuses without artifact. The focused vWF is visualized by staining fixed gels with 125I-labeled affinity-purified heterologous antibody. Utilizing a pH gradient of 5.0-6.5, normal vWF in plasma or purified preparations focuses into at least three bands with apparent isoelectric points (pI) between pH 5.7 and 5.9. A reproducible difference in the IEF pattern of vWF has been established between normal plasmas and those of individuals with variant von Willebrand's disease (vWd) type IIA and type IIB. In type IIA, vWF has a distinctly lower pI than normal. This difference may be related to the presence of smaller vWF multimers in IIA plasma because forms of vWF of corresponding size contained in normal cryoprecipitate supernatant have a similar pI. Type IIB von Willebrand factor has a pI intermediate between normal and IIA. Neuraminidase treatment of plasma samples before IEF results in an increase in pI in normal, type IIA, and type IIB vWF. The data suggest that none of the 16 type IIA and 9 IIB plasmas studied here contain significantly decreased amounts of sialic acid. PMID- 6600404 TI - Monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies against lymphoma-associated cold agglutinins. AB - Hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies against purified cold agglutinins (CA) from lymphoma patients were screened by a cold hemagglutination inhibition test. Supernatants from positive clones were further tested against several purified CA and paraproteins of different immunoglobulin (Ig) classes. It was shown that most monoclonal antibodies raised by immunization with CA had reactivity against the constant region of IgM. However, clone H-1 produced an anti-idiotypic antibody that reacted exclusively with the CA used for immunization. Using this anti idiotype antibody, the idiotype could be demonstrated on 25% of the patient's peripheral mononuclear cells. So far, the idiotype could not be demonstrated on the patient's T-cells. Monoclonal antibodies against lymphoma idiotypes are powerful tools for studying the immunobiology of these malignancies and may be useful as specific therapeutic reagents. PMID- 6600405 TI - Graft-versus-host disease following blood transfusions. PMID- 6600406 TI - Differential diagnostic value of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase in acute leukaemia. AB - Differential diagnostic importance of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase reactions was studied in bone marrow smears of 52 patients with acute leukaemias. Both reactions showed either diffuse or simultaneously diffuse and granular positivity in the medullary blast cells of 34 patients suffering from ANLL. A strong diffuse positivity of acid phosphatase suggested the possibility of AMOL. Beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase reactions were exclusively granular in every positive case of ALL. Increased acid phosphatase activity was found in T ALL while beta-glucuronidase showed increased activity also in (non-T, non-B)-ALL on several occasions. PMID- 6600407 TI - Crossreaction of monoclonal anti-T-cell antibodies: implications for classifying B-cell leukemias. AB - Cell samples from 62 patients with B-cell leukemias (33 CLL, 8 IC, 6 PLL, 4 HCL, 2 ALL and 9 other NHL) were tested with a series of monoclonal antibodies (A50, T101, Lyt2, Leu 1, M203) directed against T cells and shown to crossreact with B CLL. The results demonstrate a heterogeneity of B-cell leukemias as all typical cases of CLL were reactive whereas most other cases were negative. Using the fluorescence-activated cell sorter, a somewhat stronger reaction was seen in early or benign cases of CLL, compared to advanced cases. All B-cell leukemias tested expressed the Ia antigen. PMID- 6600408 TI - Lymphographic appearance of histiocytosis X. PMID- 6600409 TI - Anti-IgA antibodies and transfusion reactions in Canada. PMID- 6600410 TI - Open-heart surgery in elderly patients. AB - Between March 1975 and March 1980, 50 patients aged 70 to 78 years underwent open heart surgery at the Montreal Heart Institute. Coronary bypass was performed in 23 patients, valve replacement in 16 and combined coronary and valve surgery in 11. There were four early deaths, all due to cardiac causes. Early postoperative complications occurred in 58% of the patients. There were seven late deaths, five in the valve replacement groups and two in the isolated coronary bypass group. The cumulative survival rate 5 years after surgery was estimated at 76%. While 82% of the survivors were in functional class III or IV before surgery, 90% were in class I or II when last seen, after an average postoperative follow-up of 3 years. Nonfatal late complications occurred in eight of the survivors, one of whom suffered a major hemorrhage due to anticoagulant therapy. Thus, open-heart operations can be offered to the elderly, with a low risk of operative death. The late clinical improvement, with a return to a normal lifestyle, justifies a surgical approach for patients in otherwise good general condition. PMID- 6600411 TI - Surface morphology and membrane phenotype of cultured human leukemia-lymphoma cells. A scanning electron microscopic study of 36 cell lines. AB - Scanning electron microscopy and immunologic methods, to detect the expression of a variety of surface markers, were performed on cells from 36 established human leukemia-lymphoid cell lines. Attempts were made to correlate the surface morphologic findings with the membrane phenotype as determined by the presence or absence of a number of specific antigens and B- or T-cell markers. Thirteen of the cell lines were of the T-lymphoid type, 15 B-derived, and eight were defined as non-B non-T in nature. All the lines derived from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) had similar surface topographies and generally displayed relatively smooth surfaces with few microvilli, while in some a proportion of moderately villous cells was evident. Burkitt's lymphoma cells tended to show more villous surfaces but, similar to circulating B-ALL cells, variable numbers of microvilli were frequently seen making consistent distinctions between this and other lymphoid leukemias difficult in individual cases. Two of the non-B non-T lines are known to be of erythroid (K-562) and myeloid origin (HL-60), respectively. In both these lines, cells with relatively few microprojections dominated; however, some showed transverse ridge-like profiles, a feature frequently encountered on circulating leukemic cells of myeloid type. PMID- 6600412 TI - In vitro sensitivity of normal granulocytic and lymphoma colonies to vinca alkaloids. AB - Recently, a colony-forming assay was developed in our laboratory for pediatric malignant lymphoid diseases. This assay supports the growth of lymphoma colonies (ML-CFC) as well as normal granulocytic colonies (CFU-C) and thus a direct comparison between the antineoplastic and myelosuppressive effects of a drug can be determined. To test specificity of this in vitro assay to structurally similar drugs, the inhibitory effects of three vinca alkaloids (vincristine, vindesine, vinblastine) on ML-CFC (B-, T-, pre-T-cell types) and CFU-C was determined. Our results demonstrate that all three vinca alkaloids were active agents in vitro and that a direct dose response effect occurred once a threshold dose was reached. Each vinca alkaloid had a different pattern of inhibitory effect on ML CFC and CFU-C suggesting an inherent difference in drug metabolism by these cells. Also, based on the dose inhibiting 50% of colony formation, vinblastine was 94 times more inhibitory against malignant B-cell ML-CFCs than against granulocytic CFU-C. PMID- 6600413 TI - Cell mediated inhibition of erythropoiesis and megaloblastic anemia in T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - A patient with T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia presented with severe megaloblastic anemia with normal serum folic acid and cobalamin concentrations. BFU-E could not be cultured from the patient's peripheral blood unless T lymphocytes were removed by E-rosette formation. Inhibitory activity by the patient's T-cells was restricted to autologous BFU-E. After cyclic chemotherapy the anemia and megaloblastic changes resolved, peripheral blood BFU-E could be cultured from unfractionated peripheral blood and the T-cell inhibitory activity could no longer be demonstrated. The anemia in this patient is probably due to the neoplastic expansion of a suppressor T-lymphocyte population. PMID- 6600414 TI - Gastrointestinal involvement in lymphomatoid granulomatosis. Report of a case review of the literature. AB - Lymphomatoid granulomatosis is a lymphoproliferative process affecting multiple organ systems usually including the lungs. Significant gastrointestinal involvement, however, has rarely been reported. Pathologic examination reveals a vasocentric polymorphous lymphoid infiltrate. A case of lymphomatoid granulomatosis with gastrointestinal manifestations necessitating aggressive surgical intervention is reported. The clinical presentation, pathologic features, and various aspects of therapy of lymphomatoid granulomatosis involving the gastrointestinal tract are discussed. PMID- 6600415 TI - Phase II evaluation of vinblastine, methotrexate, and calcium leukovorin rescue in patients with refractory metastatic breast cancer. AB - Seventy-five evaluable patients with metastatic breast cancer refractory to frontline chemotherapy were treated with vinblastine 1.5 mg/m2 by continuous intravenous infusion for five days, intravenous infusion of methotrexate 200 mg/m2, and appropriate calcium leukovorin rescue. Thirty-eight patients were treated with vinblastine followed by methotrexate and calcium leukovorin, while 37 patients were treated with these same drugs in reverse sequence. In 17 patients (23%) an objective remission was achieved, while 39 remained stable for a period in excess of eight weeks. The median duration of remission was two months, and the median duration of survival was six months. The two regimens were well balanced for commonly used pretreatment prognostic factors. There was no difference in response rate and duration of response between the two treatment regimens. In patients with no prior exposure to methotrexate, the remission rate was 37% (11 of 30) compared with 13% (6 of 45). The treatment was well tolerated, and the dose-limiting toxicity was myelosuppression. This combination of drugs is effective in patients who have not been exposed to either drug, while it is only marginally effective in patients previously treated with methotrexate or vinblastine. PMID- 6600416 TI - Tumor promoters enhance cap formation in mouse thymocytes. AB - Potent tumor promoters such as 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) and teleocidin, rapidly evoked a dose-dependent stimulation of concanavalin A (Con A) induced cap formation in mouse T lymphocytes. The effect was reversible upon removal of the drugs. Weaker tumor promoters, phorbol didecanoate, phorbol dibenzoate and iodoacetic acid stimulated capping to a lower extent. Mezerein, a phorbol-related macrocyclic diterpene derivative, which acts as a second-stage promoter was also active in increasing the number of caps. In contrast, 4 alpha phorbol didecanoate and phorbol which are devoid of tumor promoting activity, did not affect capping. Anti-promoting glucocorticoids inhibited capping stimulation. Flow cytofluorometric analysis of Con A binding has shown that TPA did not modify the lectin binding to surface receptors. TPA-facilitated capping was energy dependent. Cytochalasin B prevented the TPA-induced response whereas colchicine was ineffective. Phenothiazines fully inhibited the TPA effect, thus suggesting that tumor-promoter-mediated lectin receptor redistribution may be ascribed to the facilitation of a Ca2+-dependent process involving the submembrane actin filaments. PMID- 6600417 TI - Coronary arteriography and coronary artery bypass surgery: morbidity and mortality in patients ages 65 years or older. A report from the Coronary Artery Surgery Study. AB - Of 2144 patients age 65 years or older entered into the registry of the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) who had coronary arteriography, 1086 underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. Complications of angiography included death in four patients and nonfatal myocardial infarction in 17. Eight patients suffered neurologic complications, which were transient in five. The perioperative mortality was 5.2% (57 of 1086), which is significantly greater than the perioperative mortality of 1.9% (151 of 7827) in patients younger than 65 years entered in CASS (p less than 0.001). There was a trend toward an increased mortality rate with age; it was 4.6% (37 of 803) in patients age 65-69 years, 6.6% (16 of 241) in those 70-74 years and 9.5% (four of 42) in those 75 years or older. The duration of hospital stay after operation was significantly longer for the patients 65 years or older than for the patients younger than 65 (13.3 vs 11.4 days; p less than 0.001). Stepwise linear discriminant analysis identified five variables predictive of perioperative mortality: presence of 70% or more stenosis of the left main coronary artery and a left-dominant circulation, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, a history of current cigarette smoking, pulmonary rales on auscultation, and presence of one or more associated medical diseases. A second linear discriminant analysis, incorporating 7658 CASS patients who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass surgery irrespective of age, examined whether age 65 years or older was an independent predictor of perioperative mortality. The variables selected, in order of significance, were congestive cardiac failure score, left main coronary artery stenosis and a left-dominant circulation, age 65 years or older, left ventricular wall motion score, sex and history of unstable angina pectoris. In patients 65 years or older, the mortality from coronary arteriography is low, whereas mortality from coronary artery bypass surgery is greater than that in CASS patients younger than 65 years. PMID- 6600418 TI - Persistent improvement after coronary bypass surgery: ergometric and angiographic correlations at 5 years. AB - One hundred patients with angina pectoris who fulfilled specific entry criteria were randomly assigned to either medical therapy or bypass surgery. These groups were subjected to annual exercise testing during a 5-year follow-up period. The degree of revascularization was assessed by graft and native vessel angiography at 3 weeks, 1 year and 5 years after the operation. The exercise tolerance of the medical group remained largely unchanged during the follow-up. Eighty-five to 95% of the patients were using beta-blocking compounds at the successive testing situations. The surgical group exhibited a sustained improvement in exercise tolerance: Total work increased by 39-66% (p less than 0.02-0.001) and maximal ergometric load by 23-35% (p less than 0.01-0.001), and maximal ST depression decreased by 39-61% (p less than 0.05-0.001). The use of beta-blocking compounds in the surgical group steadily increased, from 44% at 6 months after operation to 63% of patients at 5 years. Division of the surgical group into subsets of complete and incomplete revascularization revealed that the improvement was confined to complete revascularization. Thus, the improved exercise tolerance after bypass surgery was a result of successful reestablishment of effective coronary perfusion; despite graft attrition (15% in 5 years) and new lesions in the native arteries, this improvement persisted for 5 years with appropriate medical therapy. PMID- 6600419 TI - Inborn errors of steroid biosynthesis: detection by a new mass-spectrometric method. AB - A new mass-spectrometric technique relies on ionization during bombardment of the analyte (dissolved in a liquid matrix, usually glycerol) by an atom beam (e.g., Ar0, Xe0). This technique, termed "fast atom bombardment," is particularly useful in the characterization of polar charged molecules. A neutral beam is not essential, and a primary beam of cesium ions has been successfully used to produce spectra equivalent to those obtained by fast atom bombardment. In this communication I report data on the use of both ion and atom primary beams for producing secondary-ion mass spectra of conjugated steroids. In negative-ion spectra produced for steroid glucuronides and sulfates, the ion [M - H]- is invariably the major high-mass peak, and the lack of substantial fragmentation allows assay of relatively complex mixtures if the analytes differ in mass. I describe here the use of secondary-ion mass spectrometry for distinguishing, by urinary steroid analysis, patients with the four enzyme defects that can affect cortisol synthesis: defects in 17 alpha-hydroxylase, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase, 21-hydroxylase, and 11 beta-hydroxylase. PMID- 6600420 TI - Isoelectric focusing in agarose: classification of genetic variants of alpha 1 antitrypsin. AB - Polyacrylamide has been the matrix of choice for isoelectric focusing owing to the virtual absence of electroendosmosis in this medium. Certain inherent limitations associated with polyacrylamide have prompted some investigators to use low-electroendosmosis agarose for isoelectric focusing, but with limited success thus far. We have developed a method for isoelectric focusing in agarose for the classification of alpha 1-antitrypsin variants. Sera are applied directly to agarose gels containing a pH 4-5 ampholyte mixture, focused for less than 1 h, and directly immunofixed. Resolution of major bands is equivalent to polyacrylamide, and Pi M subtypes can be distinguished without the use of a separator. This application demonstrates the high resolution of isoelectric focusing in agarose, a more practical and convenient matrix than polyacrylamide. PMID- 6600421 TI - The interaction of cigarette smoke solution with alpha 1-antitrypsin: effect on inhibitory capacity, electrophoretic mobility and immunological measurement. AB - 1. The effects of an aqueous solution of cigarette smoke upon the functional, immunological and electrophoretic assessment of alpha 1-antitrypsin have been studied. 2. The addition of cigarette smoke reduced the inhibitory capacity of the alpha 1-antitrypsin and this was associated with at least a 22% underestimation of the protein concentration by immunological measurement. 3. Furthermore the cigarette-smoke-damaged alpha 1-antitrypsin had an increased electrophoretic mobility in plain agarose compared with the pure protein and was more susceptible to proteolytic damage by elastase. 4. Comparison with results obtained in vivo suggests that oxidative damage to alpha 1-antitrypsin is not the only mechanism involved in the reduction of its inhibitory capacity in secretions, even in non-smokers PMID- 6600422 TI - Changing concepts in diverticular disease. AB - Conventionally, acquired diverticular disease of the colon has been regarded as a single entity, so far as complications go. Experience at St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, suggests that there are two kinds of diverticular disease, one with the classic muscle abnormality, chiefly confined to the left colon and characterized by inflammatory and perforative complications and the other without muscle abnormality, but with diverticula throughout the colon, in which bleeding is common, perhaps due to a connective-tissue abnormality which, on the one hand, allows development of diverticula in the absence of abnormal intraluminal pressure and, on the other, provides inadequate support for vessels in the diverticular wall or for vascular malformations, which are therefore likely to bleed. Clinical evidence from admissions to St. Vincent's Hospital suggests that both acute and chronic pain may be either inflammatory or associated with muscle spasm and hypertrophy. Finally, there is some evidence to suggest that perforation may be due often, or usually, to abnormal intraluminal pressures rather than to diverticular inflammation. PMID- 6600423 TI - Management of perforation due to colonoscopy. AB - Six patients who underwent emergency laparotomy for perforations secondary to colonoscopy or polypectomy are described. Three patients had the laceration closed primarily, two required colostomy, and one needed resection. When contamination is minimal and the colon is mechanically prepared, primary closure without diversion is the treatment of choice. Colostomy is rarely indicated and may lead to increased morbidity, in view of the need for closure. However, resection should be considered if suspicion of carcinoma is great. Factors that contribute to perforation include sedation, forceful introduction of the colonoscope, inadequate equipment for hemorrhage control, and prolonged application of electrocoagulation to the colonic wall. PMID- 6600424 TI - Angiodysplasia of the colon. PMID- 6600425 TI - Rectal malacoplakia in a patient with Hodgkin's disease. Report of a case and review of the literature. AB - A 37-year-old man was found to have classic malacoplakia of the rectum after three courses of chemotherapy for stage IV Hodgkin's disease. Sigmoidoscopy with excisional biopsy was performed because of rectal bleeding. The biopsy specimen of the rectal lesion showed focal extensive granulomatous changes with large macrophages containing round, dense Michaelis-Gutmann bodies. Electromicroscopy demonstrated calcifying spheres with laminated concertric structures (Michaelis Gutmann bodies) and coliform bacillus in the cytoplasm of macrophages (Von Hansemann bodies). Review of the literature revealed that association of malacoplakia with Hodgkin's disease has never been documented, although it has been reported to be associated with conditions such as malignancy, organ transplantation, collagen disease, and leukemia. The possible role of immune disturbance as an underlying cause of malacoplakia is discussed. PMID- 6600426 TI - Gastric adaptation occurs with aspirin administration in man. AB - Endoscopy has become a standard method to evaluate drug-induced damage to the gastroduodenal mucosa; however, studies defining the time course, extent, and duration of the injury in man are unavailable. We report a systematic endoscopic evaluation of the effect of aspirin administration on the gastric mucosa in normal volunteers. Aspirin (2.6 g/ day) or placebo was administered for 1 or 7 days. Gastroscopy was performed after 1, 2, 4, and 8 days, and every other day thereafter until the lesions resolved. Submocosal hemorrhages and/or focal erosions were present within 24 hr in all subjects. With continuous aspirin administration, injury was maximal within 3 days and then lessened, ie, damage present after 7 days of aspirin was significantly less than after 1 day of therapy. The time to resolution of the damage was also longer following 1 day than after 7 days of aspirin (median 8 days for 1 day of aspirin vs median 3 days for 7 days of aspirin). Thus, gastric mucosal adaptation occurred and was associated both with less damage and with an accelerated healing process. Acute administration of aspirin produced well-defined areas of submucosal hemorrhages within 2 hr of administration; additional doses increased the area of involvement but not necessarily the severity of involvement. PMID- 6600427 TI - Impact of preshunt liver histology on survival following portasystemic shunt surgery for bleeding esophageal varices. AB - To determine the value of liver histology in predicting one-year survival after protal venous decompression, eight hepatic histologic features were evaluated prospectively in 53 patients. The presence of panlobular fat and of alcoholic hyaline were the only individual features having a significant correlation with outcome. When the predictive power of these histologic features was compared by linear logistic regression analysis to that of 28 clinical and laboratory variables, panlobular fat was the best single predictor, followed in sequence by admission prothrombin time, alcoholic hyaline, admission hematocrit, and Child's C classification. The combination of hematocrit and panlobular fat produced the best two-variable equation, predicting outcome in 79% of patients. No three variable equation significantly improved upon the two-variable combination of hematocrit and panlobular fat. Therefore certain hepatic histologic features, alone or in combination with other factors, appear to be powerful predictors of one-year mortality. When liver biopsy is obtainable, histologic features should be considered in determining suitability for portasystemic shunt surgery. PMID- 6600428 TI - Effect of chronic cimetidine ingestion on fundic and antral epithelial proliferation in the rat. AB - Recent reports of the association of cimetidine treatment with the development of gastric carcinoma stimulated us to study the effect of chronic cimetidine ingestion on epithelial proliferation in the stomach of male Wistar/Lewis rats. One group of rats received cimetidine in the drinking water to deliver 150-200 mg/kg/day. Control rats received plain water. To label proliferating cells, the rats were injected by tail vein with tritiated thymidine 1 hr before sacrifice at 1, 6, and 12 months. Sections of fundus and antrum were processed for light autoradiography. We found no histological evidence for malignant change and no effect on the measurements of epithelial proliferation by cimetidine in either fundus or antrum at any of the times studied, with the possible exception of an upward shift in the distribution of labeled cells within the proliferative zone of the fundus after 6 months. Thus, under the conditions of our experiments we have been unable to identify an effect of cimetidine on epithelial proliferation which would implicate it as a chemical carcinogen. PMID- 6600429 TI - Malignization of diaphyseal aclasis. AB - 8 secondary chondrosarcomas in 7 patients with diaphyseal aclasia are reported. Effective diagnostic imaging is a key to early operative removal of the tumours. Angiography proved to be highly useful in tracing the malignant character and true extension of the lesion. Also skeletal nuclear investigations support the diagnosis. The necessity of regular checkups of all patients suffering from diaphyseal aclasia is stressed. PMID- 6600430 TI - Bleeding birth of a gallstone from a hanging papilla of Vater. AB - A case of major gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to the passage of a gallstone from a 20 mm long, hanging papilla of Vater is presented. An upper digestive endoscopy revealed the stone in the very process of expulsion from the papilla into the duodenum in which fresh blood was seen. Bleeding stopped a few days afterwards. Follow-up endoscopic and radiological examinations of the gastrointestinal tract disclosed no other potential source of bleeding. PMID- 6600431 TI - Static vestibulospinal influences in relation to different body tilts in man. AB - In this study, H-reflex testing was used to identify possible static vestibular influences on soleus alpha motoneuron excitability in man in relation to different body tilts. Ten normal adult volunteers and one labyrinthine-defective patient were tested in an experimental situation designed to minimize all afferent inputs except the vestibular ones. Each subject was fixed to a rigid platform inclinable from the horizontal (0 degree) to the vertical (90 degrees) position and vice versa. On each subject, 10 consecutive H reflexes were recorded for each of the following positions: 0 degree, 15 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees, 75 degrees, 90 degrees and 90 degrees, 75 degrees, 60 degrees, 45 degrees, 30 degrees, 15 degrees, 0 degree. In all normal subjects, we observed a significant increase in amplitude of the H reflex as the body was tilted from horizontal to vertical, and a significant decrease when the body was returned to the original position. These progressive changes in spinal motoneuron excitability were linearly related to the tilt angles. By contrast, no significant change in H-reflex amplitude was observed in the labyrinthine defective patient. These results would seem to indicate that the vestibular system exerts some influences on antigravity muscles in static tilts and that these influences are behaviorally adequate to provide for the postural stability. PMID- 6600432 TI - Effects of thyroidectomy and season on the external granular layer of the cerebellum in metamorphosing bullfrog tadpoles (Rana catesbeiana). AB - Transient formation of the cerebellar external granular layer (EGL) occurs during metamorphosis in frog tadpoles and is dependent on thyroid hormone. Late prometamorphic bullfrog tadpoles at similar stages of development were thyroidectomized and then killed after 1 month and 2 months during the fall and winter. The cerebellum was studied by qualitative and quantitative light microscopy. Thyroidectomy resulted in an inhibition of external metamorphic changes such as hind limb growth. Examination of the cerebellum after thyroidectomy showed the EGL greatly decreased in thickness after 1 month and in some cases was altogether absent after 2 months. Because the disappearance of EGL cells was a result of their inward migration into the IGL, we conclude that thyroid hormone was not necessary for granule cell migration. In addition, metamorphic change normally occurs in the late spring and summer in bullfrog tadpoles, and is inhibited during the fall and winter (metamorphic stasis). During the winter, the volume of the EGL was significantly less compared with tadpoles undergoing active metamorphosis. Although lowered temperature appears to contribute to the large decline in EGL thickness, significant seasonal differences in the EGL volume ratio were still observed in tadpoles maintained under conditions of constant temperature and light. Thyroxine administered to thyroidectomized tadpoles during the winter increased the thickness of the EGL. Therefore, the seasonal decline in the EGL thickness reflects a decrease in thyroid hormone activity, which in turn appears controlled by both internal (hypothalamic) and environmental (e.g., temperature) factors. PMID- 6600433 TI - Effects of dexamethasone on proliferation of autologous fibroblasts and on the immune profile in women undergoing pelvic surgery for infertility. AB - Dexamethasone (DEX) was administered postoperatively to six patients undergoing lysis of pelvic adhesions. During therapy the proportion of T cells among the peripheral blood lymphocytes sharply declined from 60% to 20%. Response to T- and B-cell mitogens decreased to 20% to 40% of the original response prior to surgery. DEX-containing serum had an enhancing effect on the growth of autologous fibroblasts derived from pelvic adhesions (50% more than the effect of pretreatment serum). Pure cortisol and DEX induced a similar enhanced growth. The enhancing ability of the patients' sera disappeared 48 hours after discontinuation of DEX, corresponding to the recovery of the lymphoid system. If there is any benefit in steroid treatment to prevent pelvic adhesion formation, it is apparently not via an inhibitory effect on fibroblast proliferation. Such treatment, however, clearly suppresses the immune response of the patients during the early postoperative course. PMID- 6600435 TI - Etiology and prevalence of severe persistent upper gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - A prospective study was undertaken to establish the etiology and prevalence of episodes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding which are severe and persistent. During a 12-mo study period, 175 patients had one or more episodes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Thirty-six (20.6%) of the 175 patients had bleeding that was classified as severe and persistent. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding that occurred more than 24 h after admission was more apt to persist than bleeding that was a presenting complaint (32.4% vs. 12.8%, p less than 0.001). Bleeding due to esophageal varices was the single most common cause. Although the majority of upper gastrointestinal bleeding episodes are self-limited, about one fifth are not. Studies to evaluate the many new therapeutic modalities for upper gastrointestinal bleeding should attempt to exclude patients whose bleeding will abate spontaneously. PMID- 6600434 TI - Influence of dexamethasone phosphate upon the DNA- and the NAD-metabolism of concanavaline a stimulated T-lymphocytes. AB - 1. Glucocorticoids have a decisive function in the immune system. In this paper, special attention is paid to the DNA and the NAD metabolism in T-lymphocytes of mice stimulated by Con A under the influence of dexamethasone phosphate. 2. Nicotinamide increases the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into the DNA of T-cells in dependence on the concentration. There is a similar but less pronounced effect with 1-methylnicotinamide. 3. Dexamethasone phosphate even at 10(-9) M inhibits the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA. 4. The incorporation of [3H]thymidine into the DNA is reduced after preincubation of the T-cells with 6 aminonicotinamide or with 3-acetylpyridine. 5. Dexamethasone phosphate decreases the content of NAD in the T-cells. 6. The activity of the ADPR transferase increases after addition of Con A. Presence of nicotinamide stimulates the effect of Con A on this enzyme. This is not the case with 1-methylnicotinamide. The enzyme is inhibited drastically by dexamethasone phosphate. 7. It may be concluded that the NAD-adenoribosylation metabolism is markedly influenced by the mitogen Con A and by dexamethasone phosphate. PMID- 6600436 TI - GI bleeding: special needs of the elderly. PMID- 6600437 TI - Differential diagnosis of dizziness in the elderly. PMID- 6600438 TI - The misuse of cimetidine in patients with cirrhosis. PMID- 6600439 TI - In vivo and electron microscopic observations of the hepatic microvasculature in the rat following portacaval anastomosis. AB - The livers of rats subjected to end-to-side portacaval anastomoses were studied 3 to 5 months postoperatively by in vivo and electron microscopy. Compared with sham-operated controls, the livers of portacaval anastomoses animals contained dilated, tortuous networks of sinusoids. The velocity of blood flow in these vessels tended to be slower and more variable than controls, but always progressed toward the hepatic venules. Blood entered the sinusoids from portal venules and from arteriosinus twigs which terminated in the initial segments of some of the sinusoids at the periphery of the lobule. Together, the arteriosinus twigs and the short, initial segments of these sinusoids formed functional arterioportal anastomoses. These, in combination with the lack of portal venous flow, resulted in retrograde blood flow in portal venules. Nevertheless, blood still flowed from these portal venules into the sinusoids unless the sinusoid was fed by an arteriosinus twig. In addition to these microcirculatory alterations, the number of Kupffer cells that phagocytized latex particles was less in the animals with portacaval anastomoses, as was the number of particles ingested by these cells. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the paucity of Kupffer cells. Those seen appeared inactive since they were flattened, exhibited few microplicae and filopodia and contained few latex particles. The endothelial cells of the sinusoid lining were perforated by increased numbers of large fenestrate which may be a reflection of elevated intrasinusoid pressures generated by the expanded arterialization of the sinusoid bed. The observed dilated sinusoid network interspersed by narrowed plates of hepatocytes is also consistent with this hypothesis. Finally, scattered nodular foci were observed which contained enlarged hepatocytes, narrow sinusoids, active Kupffer cells, and more normal rates of blood flow. Such sites may represent attempts by the liver to regenerate its normal architecture. PMID- 6600440 TI - Growth of human malignant lymphoid cell lines in serum-free medium. AB - Human T lymphoid cell lines (MOLT-4f, MOLT-3, HSB-2, CEM) and human B lymphoid cell lines (BJAB, RAJI, WIL-2) were grown longterm (up to 8 months) in serum-free medium. This medium consisted of Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium (IMDM), supplemented with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and transferrin (TF). This serum free medium containing albumin and transferrin is designated AT-IMDM. Lipids were not essential. Cell viability remained high, greater than 80%, in the serum-free medium and the cells maintained their distinctive characteristics. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) production capacity was maintained by the human T lymphoid cell lines JURKAT-77 and MO in short term culture. This simple medium composed of relatively inexpensive and readily available components should be useful for studies of lymphoid cell growth and differentiation and lymphoid cell products. PMID- 6600441 TI - Recognition and lysis of altered-self cells by macrophages. I. Modification of target cells by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid. AB - Peritoneal exudate macrophages from normal, untreated or thioglycollate-elicited mice, lysed syngeneic fibroblasts and lymphoblasts modified by 2,4,6 trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) in vitro. Optimal lysis of the hapten modified cells by elicited macrophages was usually seen after 18 hr of co cultivation at E:T ratios of 10:1-30:1. Cytotoxicity was expressed by macrophages depleted of T cells, and was not potentiated by LPS. Allogeneic TNBS-modified cells were lysed by non-immune, non-activated macrophages to the same extent as syngeneic modified targets, indicating that genetic restriction does not appear to play a role in macrophage-mediated cytolysis of TNBS-modified cells. PMID- 6600442 TI - Kinetics of sequential appearance of IgM and IgD on B lymphocytes in the bone marrow of the adult mouse. AB - The relationship between the expression of IgM, and IgD at the B-cell surface, was examined in the adult murine bone marrow. Groups of mice were injected with hydroxyurea, which prevents DNA synthesis by blocking the production of deoxyribonucleotides. The numbers of cells per femur, expressing either IgM alone or in conjunction with IgD were followed at 24 hr intervals after the drugs administration. Other mice were injected with tritiated thymidine over an 8 hr period. The appearance of radioactive label within cells expressing IgM alone or with IgD, was followed over a 5 day period. Both sets of results showed that IgM bearing cells were derived from a rapidly dividing precursor cell pool, by a process which takes more than 24 hr and does not require DNA synthesis. Cells expressing IgM and IgD together were also produced from rapidly dividing precursors. This developmental process takes more than 48 hr, does not require DNA synthesis and may go via an intermediate stage namely the cell expressing IgM alone. PMID- 6600443 TI - Suppressor effect of prostaglandins on T colony formation. AB - This study evaluated the action of prostaglandins on T colony formation. A single step culture process was used which involved direct seeding of freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MC) in semi-solid agar culture medium containing phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Suppression of endogenous production of prostaglandins with 10(-6) M indomethacin increased T colony formation by up to 100%. Similarly, addition of synthetic prostaglandin E (PGE) to the culture system demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction of T colony formation by PHA stimulated non-adherent cells. The 50% inhibitory dose (ID 50) was 10(-7) M for PGE2 and 1.3 x 10(-7) M for PGE1. Prostaglandin F had no effect on T colony formation. The synthesis of PGE by adherent cells can be increased two- to three fold in the presence of T colony promoting activity released by PHA-stimulated lymphocytes. We conclude that monocyte produced PGE is responsible for the suppressor effect exerted by these cells on T colony formation. The PGE inhibitory role is interpreted as a feedback mechanism, modulated by lymphokines released by PHA-activated lymphocytes. PMID- 6600444 TI - Antibody responses to Haemophilus influenzae type b and diphtheria toxin induced by conjugates of oligosaccharides of the type b capsule with the nontoxic protein CRM197. AB - Oligosaccharides were made from Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide and conjugated to CRM(197) by reductive amination. Conjugates were made with a range of lengths and multiplicities of saccharide chains. All elicited a strongly enhanced anti-H. influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide response when injected into weanling rabbits. One series of conjugates also elicited antibodies to diphtheria toxin. PMID- 6600445 TI - T-lymphocyte subpopulations in relation to immunosuppression in measles and varicella. AB - Patients with measles or varicella were studied during the acute phase (first week) of illness and, after recovery, by lymphocyte stimulation tests and determination of T-lymphocyte subpopulations, using the monoclonal antibodies Leu 2a and Leu 3a directed at the suppressor/cytotoxic and the helper T-cell subsets, respectively. Low proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin were found during the acute phase of both diseases. The response to purified protein derivate of tuberculin was also low in all measles patients tested and in some of the varicella patients. In both infections increased spontaneous DNA synthesis was demonstrated. In the acute phase of measles there was T lymphocytopenia but no change of the ratio between T lymphocytes of helper and suppressor/cytotoxic cell phenotypes. In the acute phase of varicella the percentage and the absolute number of Leu 2-positive (suppressor/cytotoxic) T cells were increased. Measurement of the size of the lymphocytes indicated activation of this subset. Cryopreserved blood mononuclear cells from the acute phase of varicella could suppress the phytohemagglutinin response of autologous convalescent-phase cells. This was not seen when cells from measles patients were tested. The suppression of the lymphocyte stimulation response in varicella is probably in part caused by activation of suppressor cells, whereas the suppression of the stimulation response in measles seems to be due mainly to other mechanisms. PMID- 6600446 TI - Staphylococcal peptidoglycan: T-cell-dependent mitogen and relatively T-cell independent polyclonal B-cell activator of human lymphocytes. AB - Staphylococcal cell wall products have been widely examined as probes for dissection of in vitro human immune responses. Mitogenic and polyclonal B-cell activating properties have been attributed to intact cell walls or the protein A constituent thereof. We now report that staphylococcal peptidoglycan (PG), the major cell wall constituent, is not only a potent mitogen but also a polyclonal B cell activator for human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM). PG-induced proliferative responses of human PBM were comparable to that observed in pokeweed mitogen-stimulated cultures. As was true for pokeweed mitogen, PG-induced proliferation required the presence of T-cell help. Cultures of human PBM with PG also resulted in B-cell differentiation as reflected by an increase in numbers of immunoglobulin-secreting cells in stimulated cultures. In contrast to the proliferative response, PG-induced B-cell differentiation was relatively T-cell independent. This point became apparent when B-cell fractions were partially depleted of excessive numbers of monocytes before culture. Also, B-cell proliferation did not appear to be a major prerequisite for PG-induced B-cell differentiation responses. These data indicate that PG is a potent T-cell dependent mitogen and relatively T-cell-independent polyclonal B-cell activator of human lymphocytes. PMID- 6600448 TI - Antigen presentation by macrophages from adult thymectomised mice. AB - Recent claims that macrophages from adult thymectomised mice fail to mature to a stage where they can 'present' antigen were examined. Comparisons were made between the capacity of antigen-pulsed peritoneal exudate macrophages from adult thymectomised and normal mice to elicit both primary and secondary lymphoproliferative responses in vitro, and to prime lymph node cells for antigen specific recruitment in vivo. Macrophages from thymectomised donors were partially deficient in their capacity to activate naive or immune T-cells in vitro but were nevertheless capable of emitting a significant immunogenic signal. These results suggest partial, but not absolute T-cell regulation of the immunogenic function(s) of exudate macrophage populations. PMID- 6600447 TI - Opsonizing and bactericidal effects of normal human serum on nontypable Haemophilus influenzae. AB - The observation that nontypable (NT) Haemophilus influenzae causes serious infection in adults has stimulated interest in mechanisms that may protect the human host against NT H. influenzae infection. Incubating NT H. influenzae with normal human serum (NHS) caused dose- and time-dependent killing that varied with the individual NHS and NT H. influenzae. Adsorption of NHS with NT H. influenzae removed bactericidal activity against the adsorbing isolate but not necessarily that against others, suggesting antigenic diversity and supporting recent studies that show different outer membrane protein profiles among NT H. influenzae. Heating NHS to 56 degrees C for 30 min abolished bactericidal activity; this activity was not restored by complement-rich guinea pig serum or NT H. influenzae adsorbed NHS. This is analogous to the "third factor" needed for intraleukocytic killing of pneumococci. Optimal opsonization of NT H. influenzae for phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes required antibody and complement, but other serum factors also played a role. Bactericidal activity generally, but not uniformly, correlated with opsonizing activity of individual NHS. Humoral factors may be important in host defenses against NT H. influenzae infection; their emergence during convalescence warrants further study. PMID- 6600449 TI - Homology and repair of UV-irradiated plasmid DNA in haemophilus influenzae. AB - UV-irradiated plasmid pNov1 containing a cloned fragment of chromosomal DNA could be repaired by excision, but plasmid p2265 without homology to the chromosome could not. Establishment of pNov1 was more UV resistant in Rec(-) than in Rec(+) cells. PMID- 6600450 TI - Long-chain fatty acid assimilation By rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. AB - Exogenously supplied long-chain fatty acids have been shown to markedly alleviate the inhibition of phototrophic growth of cultures of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides caused by the antibiotic cerulenin. Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated C18 fatty acids were most effective in relieving growth inhibition mediated by cerulenin. Medium supplementation with saturated fatty acids (C14 to C18) failed to influence the inhibitory effect of cerulenin. The addition of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids to the growth medium did not enhance the growth of cerulenin-inhibited cultures above that obtained with individual unsaturated fatty acids as supplements. Resolution and fatty acid analysis of the extractable lipids of R. sphaeroides revealed that exogenously supplied fatty acids were directly incorporated into cellular phospholipids. Cells treated with cerulenin displayed an enrichment in their percentage of total saturated fatty acids irrespective of the presence of exogenous fatty acids. Cerulenin produced comparable inhibitions of the rates of both fatty acid and phospholipid synthesis and was further found to preferentially inhibit unsaturated fatty acid synthesis. PMID- 6600451 TI - mRNA secondary structure as a determinant in cap recognition and initiation complex formation. ATP-Mg2+ independent cross-linking of cap binding proteins to m7I-capped inosine-substituted reovirus mRNA. AB - Polypeptides of Mr = 50,000 and 80,000 in rabbit reticulocyte initiation factor preparations can be specifically cross-linked to the oxidized t' cap structure of native reovirus mRNA in an ATP-Mg2+-dependent manner (Sonenberg, N., Guertin, D., Cleveland, D., and Trachsel, H. (1981) Cell 27, 563-572). However, specific cross linking of these polypeptides can occur in the absence of ATP-Mg2+ when m7I capped inosine substituted mRNA, which contains less secondary structure than native reovirus mRNA, is used. We also found, using wheat germ extract, that inhibition of initiation complex formation by high salt concentrations is directly related to the degree of secondary structure of the mRNA. Binding of ribosomes to bromouridine-substituted reovirus mRNA is severely inhibited at high K+ concentrations, while binding to inosine-substituted mRNA is only slightly inhibited and binding of native reovirus mRNA is inhibited to an intermediate degree. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that cap recognition factors mediate an ATP-dependent melting of secondary structures involving 5' proximal sequences to the initiation codon in order to facilitate binding of ribosomes during translation initiation. PMID- 6600452 TI - 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3-24-hydroxylase in rat kidney mitochondria. AB - Assay conditions for the measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-24-hydroxylase activity in rat kidney mitochondria have been worked out. The product, 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 was quantitated either by high pressure liquid chromatography or by isotope dilution-mass spectrometry. By these procedures, the enzyme activity could be measured with saturating concentration (greater than 2.5 X 10( 6) M) of substrate. Pretreatment of the animals by aminophylline (Kulkowski, J. A., Chow, T., Martinez, J., and Ghazarian, J. G. (1979) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 90, 50-57) stimulated the 24-hydroxylase activity in vitro at least 2 to 3-fold. The identity of the product was verified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The rates of the reaction varied between 1.5 and 5 pmol/mg of mitochondrial protein.min (at 25 degrees C), and the K'm was determined to be 4.2 X 10(-7) M. Malate, succinate, and isocitrate were all able to support the reaction. Low O2 tension, CO, KCN, and the uncoupler carbonyl cyanide m chlorophenylhydrazone inhibited the reaction, while the respiratory inhibitor rotenone had no effect. Metyrapone inhibited the reaction with 50% inhibition at a concentration of 2.5 mumol/ml. The enzyme was found to be localized inside the inner mitochondrial membrane. The results indicate that in the rat the renal mitochondrial 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-24-hydroxylase is a cytochrome P-450 and that the reducing equivalents are primarily supplied by NADPH via the energy-dependent transhydrogenase. PMID- 6600453 TI - Biosynthesis of von Willebrand protein by human endothelial cells. Identification of a large precursor polypeptide chain. AB - von Willebrand protein subunit is first synthesized by human endothelial cells as a larger precursor of 260-kDa that is slowly cleaved to its 220-kDa form. Both the precursor and the finished product are glycosylated. Small amounts of uncleaved precursor are secreted into the culture media. Disulfide bonded polymers typical for von Willebrand protein are also formed inside the cells. In comparison to fibronectin the biosynthetic processing of von Willebrand protein is longer as a delay in secretion is observed. The presence of a higher cellular pool of von Willebrand protein as compared to fibronectin indicates a storage compartment for von Willebrand protein in the endothelial cells. PMID- 6600454 TI - Regulation of protein expression in differentiation by subunit assembly. Human membrane and secreted IgM. AB - Newly synthesized IgM heavy chains are either expressed as functional IgM or catabolized, depending on the stage of differentiation of the B cell. Heavy chains of the membrane type are rapidly degraded in pre-B cells, but expressed on the cell surface as monomeric IgM in resting and secreting B cells. Secreted-type heavy chains are catabolized in pre-B and resting B cells, but secreted as pentameric IgM by secreting B cells. The differences between the heavy chains that are expressed and those that are catabolized are post-translational. Stable membrane and secreted heavy chains have been covalently assembled with light chains, terminally glycosylated, and removed from intracellular proteases by insertion into the plasma membrane or by secretion. The carboxylic ionophores monensin and nigericin have been used here to determine the relative importance of these post-translational events in stabilizing newly synthesized heavy chains. Monensin and nigericin inhibited both the rates and extents of terminal glycosylation and of intracellular transport of these proteins, without affecting the covalent assembly processes. These ionophores did not affect the rate of catabolism of heavy chains in either a resting or a secreting B cell line. IgM heavy chains thus appear to be stabilized against intracellular proteolysis by full covalent assembly to monomeric membrane IgM and to secreted pentameric IgM. The fully assembled IgM can then be terminally glycosylated and transported to the cell surface. PMID- 6600455 TI - Magnetic and natural circular dichroism of L-tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenases and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. I. Spectra of ferric and ferrous high spin forms. AB - The ferric form of L-tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenases from both Pseudomonas acidovorans (ATCC 11299b) and rat liver showed magnetic CD spectra ascribable to a high spin protohemoprotein at neutral pH, whereas the ferric indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase from rabbit intestine exhibited a spectrum due to a mixture of high and low spin states under comparable conditions. Upon addition of L-tryptophan, the spectra of the former enzymes changed to another type of high spin spectra, while the latter showed a marked increase in the low spin component. From these findings and effects of pH on the spectra, it is suggested that the sixth ligand of ferric L-tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenases is water at a neutral pH and that for the ferric indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is a strong field ligand such as an imidazole nitrogen. The mixed spin state observed for the latter enzyme was ascribable to a thermal equilibrium between high and low spin states as judged by low temperature spectroscopy. With the ferrous form, the Soret magnetic CD spectra of these enzymes were all similar, giving those of a typical high spin ferrous protohemoprotein, whereas visible spectra were different from one another, suggesting differences in the electronic structure of the heme and its vicinity. The natural CD spectra of both ferric and ferrous forms of each enzyme showed negative Cotton effects in the Soret region. Their intensities were different from one another, presumably due to some differences in the interaction of the heme with nearby aromatic amino acid residue(s). PMID- 6600456 TI - Magnetic and natural circular dichroism of L-tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenases and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. II. Spectra of their ferric cyanide and ferrous carbon monoxide complexes and an oxygenated form. PMID- 6600457 TI - Detection and partial characterization of collagen synthesis stimulating activities in rat mammary adenocarcinomas. AB - Rat mammary epithelium and adenocarcinomas derived from it synthesize type IV collagen, a structural protein of basement membranes. In cultures of cells, net production of collagen is stimulated 2-fold more than total cell protein by epidermal growth factor. Mammary adenocarcinoma cells also respond to epidermal growth factor but to a much reduced extent. This difference in growth factor responsiveness appears to be due to the production of collagen synthesis stimulating factors by the mammary tumor cells. Such factors have been partially purified and shown to differentially stimulate the incorporation of proline into collagenase-sensitive protein by 2.5-10-fold in normal rat mammary epithelium, normal rat kidney, and mouse 3T3 cells. The tumor factors do not stimulate net collagen production in cultures of tumor cells from which the factors are derived, suggesting that tumor cells produce sufficient stimulatory factors for optimal synthesis of collagen. Pulse-chase studies indicate that the tumor factors stimulate collagen synthesis rather than block collagen turnover. The activities in the extract have been partially purified by gel filtration, ion exchange column chromatography, and isoelectric focusing. The major species has a molecular weight of about 68,000 and a pI of 5.9. A smaller peak of activity with a molecular weight of 6,000 is also present. Since collagen synthesis appears to be necessary for the growth of mammary adenocarcinomas in vivo, production of these collagen synthesis stimulating factors may be important for tumor growth. PMID- 6600458 TI - Opposing effects of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate on human myeloid and lymphoid cell proliferation. AB - The effect of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) on human hematopoietic cells has been investigated. It was found that 1-10 ng/ml of TPA totally abrogated erythroid and granulocytic colony growth and, simultaneously in the presence of PHA, stimulated T-lymphocyte colony formation. TPA concentrations insufficient to inhibit myeloid colony growth also failed to stimulate lymphocyte colony formation. Optimal culture conditions for the growth of these colonies required the presence of TPA, PHA, and leukocyte-conditioned medium in the cultures. Cells within the colonies were 80-90% E-rosette positive and by monoclonal antibody characterization contained 45-66% OKT3-positive cells. Colony forming cells were found in both E-rosette-positive and-negative fractions. Although by cell surface marker characterization the cells within the colonies had properties of T-cells, the exact relationship of cells forming colonies under these conditions to those detected in other T-cell colony assays remain to be determined. PMID- 6600459 TI - Regulation of vitamin D metabolism in normal human pregnancy. AB - The increasing serum concentrations of various hormones (PTH, PRL, estrogens, and human placental lactogen) are hypothesized to regulate 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] and possibly 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25(OH)2D] production during pregnancy. We examined the correlation between the serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D and the pregnancy-related hormones in 25 normal pregnant women, followed throughout gestation and postpartum. Maternal serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D were high during the first trimester (mean +/- SE, 74 +/- 8 pg/ml), remained high until the time of delivery (95 +/- 14 pg/ml), and then fell to almost normal levels (50 +/- 9 pg/ml) on the third postpartum day. The serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D do not correlate with the serum levels of any of the aforementioned hormones. The increase in serum 1,25(OH)2D in pregnancy has been postulated to be related to the stressed calcium homeostatic mechanisms known to occur in the mother. In twin pregnancy, this maternal calcium homeostatic mechanism(s) conceivably may be stressed to a greater extent. However, serum 1,25(OH)2D levels, measured in 27 women with a twin pregnancy in both the second and third trimesters as well as at delivery, did not differ from the levels observed in women with a singleton pregnancy. There were no significant changes in the serum levels of 24,24(OH)2D or 25-hydroxyvitamin D as pregnancy progressed. However, serum 24,25(OH)2D correlated significantly with both serum 1,25(OH)2D (r - 0.51; p less than 0.001, n = 83) and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (r = 0.37; P less than 0.001, n = 94). In conclusion, serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D rise early in the first trimester of pregnancy, fall acutely to normal levels soon after delivery, and are similar in singleton and twin pregnancies. The changes in the serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D do not relate to the changes in the serum levels of any of the pregnancy-related hormones. PMID- 6600460 TI - Long term 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 therapy in postmenopausal osteoporosis: demonstration of responsive and nonresponsive subgroups. AB - Previous studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) therapy is effective in raising the impaired intestinal calcium absorption (alpha) associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis. In the present study we have assessed the effects of long term 25-OHD3 therapy (50 micrograms/day; mean treatment period, 1.3 yr) in 12 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (mean age, 62.5 yr). Our results indicate that there was a significant increase in alpha for the group during therapy. However, we found that the patients could be divided into 2 groups based upon their ability to raise alpha in response to 25OHD3 therapy. In those who responded (n = 7), alpha increased from 0.36 +/- 0.05 to 0.49 +/- 0.08 (+/- SD; P less than 0.005) while no significant change was observed for the nonresponders (0.44 +/- 0.03 to 0.48 +/- 0.07). During therapy, there were significant increases in serum 25OHD and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [25,25-(OH)2D] for both groups. Serum 1,25-(OH)2D significantly increased in the responders (21 +/- 8 to 39 +/- 13 pg/ml; P less than 0.01), but not in nonresponders (25 +/- 11 to 28 +/- 8 pg/ml). Between-group comparisons for responders vs. nonresponders before therapy disclosed significant reductions in 24,25-(OH)2D (0.4 +/- 0.3 vs. 2.2 +/- 0.8 ng/ml; P less than 0.005) and alpha (0.36 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.44 +/- 0.03; P less than 0.01). During therapy, there were no significant differences in any parameter between the two groups, except for serum I,25-(OH)2D which was significantly higher in the responders (39 +/- 13 vs. 28 +/- 8 pg/ml; P less than 0.05). These data would suggest that in postmenopausal osteoporosis, the ability to raise alpha in response to 25OHD3 therapy is due in part to increases in serum 1,25-(OH)2D during therapy. This suggests that in some patients with menopausal osteoporosis, renal 25OHD3-1 alpha hydroxylase may be impaired. PMID- 6600461 TI - Vitamin D metabolites in amniotic fluid. AB - To provide further data on vitamin D metabolism in pregnancy, the concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD; n = 72), 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25-(OH)2D; n = 70], and 1,25-(OH)2D (n = 59) were measured in amniotic fluid by competitive protein-binding radioassays. At term, the mean (+/- SE) concentrations of 25OHD and 24,25-(OH)2D in amniotic fluid (810 +/- 76 and 37.5 +/- 5.4 pg/ml, respectively) were significantly lower (P less than 0.01) than those at 16-18 weeks gestation (1707 +/- 2.67 and 149 +/- 3 pg/ml, respectively). Similarly, the concentrations of 25OHD in pooled amniotic fluid samples, as determined by high pressure liquid chromatography and UV absorbance detection at 254 nm, were 664 +/ 188 pg/ml at term and 1240 +/- 294 pg/ml at midgestation. In comparison, no difference could be found between the mean concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D at term (4.3 +/- 0.8 pg/ml) and those at midgestation (3.3 +/- 0.4 pg/ml). However, in 14 of 39 amniotic fluid samples obtained at term (35.9%), the concentration of 24,25 (OH)2D was undetectable, while the level of 1,25-(OH)2D was increased. The reciprocal relationship between 24,25-(OH)2D and 1,25-(OH)2D found in more than a third of the amniotic fluid samples at term may be due to a regulatory mechanism responding to the increased fetal demand for calcium in the final stages of pregnancy. PMID- 6600463 TI - Aging and oral motor function: evidence for altered performance among older persons. AB - A physical examination procedure was used to evaluate oral motor functions in a population of 257 community-dwelling males and females ranging in age from 23-88 yr. An increased prevalence of altered motor performance with age was found for parameters measuring lip posture and masticatory muscle function. Also, males, but not females, showed a higher prevalence of alterations in tongue function and in swallowing. PMID- 6600462 TI - Regulation of colony-stimulating activity production. Interactions of fibroblasts, mononuclear phagocytes, and lactoferrin. AB - Neonatal skin fibroblasts were cultured in supernatants of peripheral blood monocytes that had been cultured with and without lactoferrin. Granulocyte monocyte colony-stimulating activity (CSA) was measured in supernatants of the fibroblast cultures with normal T lymphocyte-depleted, phagocyte-depleted, low density bone marrow target cells in colony growth (colony-forming unit granulocyte/macrophage) assays. Monocyte-conditioned medium contained a nondialyzable factor that enhanced by 17-50-fold the production of CSA by fibroblasts. The addition of lactoferrin to monocyte cultures reduced the activity of this monokine by 75-100%. Lactoferrin did not inhibit CSA production by monokine-stimulated fibroblasts. We conclude that under appropriate conditions human fibroblasts are potent sources of CSA, that the production of CSA by these cells is regulated by a stimulatory monokine, and that the production and or release of the monokine is inhibited by lactoferrin, a neutrophil-derived putative feedback inhibitor of granulopoiesis. We propose that the major role of mononuclear phagocytes in granulopoiesis is played not by producing CSA, but by recruiting other cells to do so, and that in the steady state, feedback regulation of neutrophil production may occur as a result of a mechanism that inhibits the recruitment phenomenon. PMID- 6600464 TI - Identification of rat mast cell--derived chemoattractant factors for lymphocytes. AB - Rat peritoneal and pleural mast cells have been demonstrated to release their granule-associated mediators, including chemotactic factors for eosinophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes, after challenge with rabbit anti-rat F(ab')2 antisera in vitro. The presence of increased numbers of lymphocytes as well as eosinophils 6 to 24 hr after an initial immediate hypersensitivity reaction in the skin led to the present studies, which demonstrate the immunologic release of three chemoattractant factors for lymphocytes. One factor is chemotactic for nylon wool nonadherent rat splenic lymphocytes, a second factor is chemotactic for adherent rat splenic lymphocytes, and the third factor is chemokinetic for both nonadherent and adherent rat splenic lymphocytes. In addition, a high molecular-weight inhibitor of lymphocyte migration was identified. Immunologic challenge of rat mast cells in vitro results in the release of lymphotactic activity, suggesting a possible explanation for the appearance of a lymphocytic infiltrate in the late phase of the immediate hypersensitivity reaction. PMID- 6600465 TI - Human tonsillar IgE biosynthesis in vitro. I. Enhancement of IgE and IgG synthesis in the presence of pokeweed mitogen by T-cell irradiation. AB - A study of the events regulating human IgE biosynthesis in vitro was undertaken with tonsillar lymphocytes. IgG synthesis was also studied to evaluate the specificity of our observations. T-cell irradiation significantly enhanced synthesis of IgE by pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated B cells from 12 of 18 donors and IgG in all 18 donors. This enhancement was the result of de novo immunoglobulin synthesis, since the amount of IgE and IgG spontaneously released from lysed and lysed-and-cultured mononuclear cells was significantly less than that detected in the cell cultures, and the augmentation was completely ablated by the treatment of the cells with cycloheximide or mitomycin C. Enhancement was also dependent on the presence of PWM; T-cell irradiation did not enhance IgE synthesis in unstimulated cultures. Moreover, this enhancement was also observed in the co-cultures of B cells and allogeneic irradiated T cells. These observations suggest that radiosensitive T cells exert a suppressive activity that contributes to regulation of human IgE and IgG synthesis and that the suppressor function as well as the helper function can overcome allogeneic disparities. PMID- 6600466 TI - Native C3 does not bind to the C3b receptor (CR1) of human blood B lymphocytes or alter immunoglobulin synthesis. AB - Complement receptors on lymphocytes were first described more than 12 yr ago (1 3) and have come to be used as a common marker for the identification of B cells (4). The function of these receptors on the lymphocyte and their possible role in induction and/or regulation of the immune response remain unclear. In particular, there continues to be controversy as to whether native C3 can bind to the C3b receptor of these cells without cleavage to C3b (5-10). The resolution of this question is critical in order to clarify the expected state of availability of the receptor in vivo, because in plasma, the C3 concentration is relatively high (1.1 to 1.5 mg/ml), whereas there is little or no circulating C3b due to efficient degradation by factor H and the C3-inactivator (11). With the recent development of an improved method for the isolation of C3 from human plasma, it has been possible to obtain biochemically and functionally pure C3 that has not undergone structural or conformational alteration during processing and fully retains the specific hemolytic activity of C3 in fresh serum (12). Berger et al. (13) were able to demonstrate that C3 prepared in this way failed to bind to the C3b receptor of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes or erythrocytes. Similar observations were made by Schreiber et al. (14), also with phagocytic cells and erythrocytes, and by Dixit et al. (15) with an isolated membrane receptor preparation from rabbit macrophages. In the present communication, we extend these observations to human peripheral blood B lymphocytes. Purified C3 in its native state fails to block B lymphocyte-EA (IgM) C4b3b rosettes, whereas C3b causes 50% inhibition at 5 to 6 micrograms/ml. Furthermore, C3 failed to alter polyclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) production by human B cells, whereas C3b inhibited this B cell function. These data suggest that native C3 does not bind to the C3b receptors of B lymphocytes, and thus they are not occupied under normal conditions in vivo. PMID- 6600467 TI - Differences in the MHC-restricted self-recognition repertoire of intra-thymic and extra-thymic cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors. AB - The MHC specificity of TNP-specific pCTL from the thymus and spleen of F1 leads to parent chimeras was evaluated. It was found that in the presence of exogenously added helper factor IL 2, thymic pCTL were restricted to recognizing TNP only in association with host MHC determinants, whereas splenic pCTL recognized TNP in association with either host or donor MHC determinants. Thus, the spleens of F1 leads to parent chimeras contain a pCTL repertoire that is not present intrathymically. Data are presented which suggest that such pCTL did nevertheless differentiate into functional competence in the chimeric host. These results are consistent with extra-thymic differentiation as the mechanism by which such nonthymically restricted pCTL may have developed. PMID- 6600468 TI - CBA/N X-linked defect delays expression of the Y-linked accelerated autoimmune disease in BXSB mice. AB - BXSB male mice spontaneously develop progressive autoimmune disease characterized by high serum immunoglobulins, including anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), enlarged spleen and lymph nodes, and diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis. Females develop symptoms at a much slower rate. The mechanisms underlying the autoimmune disease and the nature of the Y-linked accelerating factor have not yet been elucidated. We found that the male progeny of the cross between the non autoimmune strain CBA/Ca and BXSB (CBA/Ca X BXSB)F1 showed progressing signs of autoimmunity starting at 6 to 7 mo. In contrast, the male progeny that resulted from BXSB males crossed with immune-defective CBA/N females (Xid) were devoid of splenic B colonies, were nonresponsive to TNP-Ficoll, and were free of autoimmune disease for at least 10 mo. At 18 mo, some of the (CBA/N X BXSB)F1 mice developed weak antinuclear antibodies, but no spleen or lymph node enlargement was seen. The same mice had low anti-TNP Ficoll responses but did not produce B colonies in vitro. The role of the X chromosome in regulating expression of autoimmunity in young and old BXSB mice is discussed. PMID- 6600469 TI - Macromolecular insoluble cold globulin (MICG): a marker for pluripotential hemopoietic stem cells. AB - In embryonic mice pluripotential hemopoietic stem cells (PHSC) originate in the yolk sac and migrate to the fetal liver and from there to the bone marrow. Hemopoietic cells from yolk sac and fetal liver also migrate to the thymic primordium, and within the thymic environment these prothymocytes differentiate into mature T cells. We have recently demonstrated that macromolecular insoluble cold globulin (MICG), a T cell marker, is synthesized and inserted into the plasma membrane of embryonic prothymocytes as soon as these cells appear in the early thymus. In addition, we have shown that MICG+ cells are present within the fetal liver before the thymus has fully formed. In the present study we show that pluripotential hemopoietic stem cells in the fetal liver and bone marrow have MICG on their surface and represent a subpopulation of these MICG+ cells. The implications of these findings in relationship to stem cell differentiation and isolation are discussed. PMID- 6600470 TI - Polyclonal activation of murine B lymphocytes by immune complexes. AB - Murine splenic B lymphocytes are stimulated by homologous immune complexes to proliferate and secrete polyclonal antibody. The use of antibody from whole serum or monoclonal antibodies to form complexes resulted in the stimulation of mouse B lymphocytes. The ratio of antibody to antigen appears to be critical for the generation of the polyclonal antibody response. Because antigen and antibody are added independently at culture initiation, the exact nature of the complex is unknown, but optimal polyclonal antibody formation occurs in slight antigen excess. Immune complex-induced polyclonal antibody production requires the presence of both macrophages and T cells, whereas B cell proliferation requires only macrophages. The role of the macrophage appears to be to cleave a low m.w. (17,000) fragment from the complex, which is responsible for lymphocyte activation. PMID- 6600471 TI - The origin of cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTL-P): MHC-restricted and alloreactive CTL-P in the spleen during regeneration after a sublethal dose of cyclophosphamide (Cy). AB - The regenerating spleen 8 days after an injection of a sublethal dose (300 mg/kg) of cyclophosphamide (Cy) had a defective capacity to give rise to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in response against allogeneic cells, whereas the cytotoxicity against 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl-(TNP) modified syngeneic cells was at the normal level. Alloresponse was first obtained 2 wk after the Cy treatment. The limiting dilution analysis showed this at the clonal level: the frequency of anti-TNP specific CTL precursors (CTL-P) in the spleen treated with Cy 8 days previously was the same as the frequency in the normal spleen. The defective alloresponse was due to a decreased number of allospecific CTL-P that was later increasing. The regenerative capacity was not abolished by adult thymectomy or treatment of the mice with a bone marrow-seeking isotope, 89Sr, suggesting that these CTL-P are derived from Cy-resistant splenic precursors rather than from the thymus or bone marrow. These precursors have probably been under thymic education: the dominance of H-2k-restricted CTL over H-2d-restricted CTL in the response of (H 2k X H-2d)F1 mice to TNP-self is known to be influenced by the H-2 genotype of the thymus, and this dominance was also demonstrated with anti-TNP CTL derived from these F1 mice pretreated with Cy. The CTL-P in the regenerating spleen (day 8) were not hydrocortisone sensitive, and nylon wool-purified T cells from this stage had a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme pattern of the mature T cell type (rather than of the thymocyte type). Thus, in these aspects the T cells of the regenerating spleen resembled normal splenic cells. These data suggest that the Cy-resistant spleen population contains cells that can give rise to CTL-P that have a defective specificity repertoire at the beginning of the regeneration, but later mature to a normally alloreactive population. PMID- 6600472 TI - Differences in in vivo distribution and homing of T cell subsets to mucosal vs nonmucosal lymphoid organs. AB - The migratory properties of Lyt-2- and Lyt-2+ T cells in the mouse have been investigated. In short-term in vivo homing studies, Lyt-2- T cells localized consistently more efficiently than Lyt-2+ T cells in Peyer's patches (about 1.5 times as well), whereas both populations localized roughly equivalently in peripheral lymph nodes. These homing characteristics of Lyt-2- and Lyt-2+ subsets are largely independent of their organ source. The specificity of migration appears to be determined by selective recognition of organ-specific determinants on the endothelial cells of high endothelial venules (HEV), specialized venules that mediate the exit of migrating lymphocytes from the blood: In an in vitro assay of lymphocyte binding to HEV in lymphoid organ frozen sections, Lyt-2- cells constituted a significantly and consistently greater proportion of T cells binding to Peyer's patch HEV than of those binding to peripheral node HEV. The homing and HEV recognition preferences of the Lyt subsets are reflected in differences in their in situ representation in mucosal vs nonmucosal lymphoid organs, which suggests that the selective migration of these populations may be an important factor in determining the character of local immune responses. PMID- 6600473 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in the neonate: identification of an immature subset of OKT8-positive, OKT3-negative cells. AB - T cell subpopulations of lymphocytes from cord blood (CBL) of 24 newborns and from peripheral blood (a-PBL) of 24 healthy adult volunteers were assessed in T cell-enriched, T cell depleted and unseparated lymphocyte fractions by using OKT3, 4, 6, and 8 monoclonal antibodies. The results show that T cell-enriched CBL include adult numbers of OKT3+, OKT4+, OKT6+ and OKT8+ lymphocytes whereas the T cell-depleted fraction consists of a high percentage of OKT8+, OKT3-, non-E rosette-forming cells bearing a PNA receptor. The presence of the PNA receptor and the lack of the OKT3+ antigen strongly support the hypothesis that the subset of OKT8+ cells in cord blood includes immature T lymphocytes that may represent an intermediate stage between thymocytes and mature peripheral T cells. PMID- 6600474 TI - Growth at limiting dilution of human T cell colonies from T cell-depleted peripheral blood leukocytes. AB - Using a new culture system, we found that up to one-fourth of nylon-wool nonadherent human peripheral blood lymphocytes (NAd) could give rise to a colony containing T cells. Even after NAd cells were depleted of T cells (rosette forming and/or OKT3+ cells and/or OKT11+ cells), up to one-ninth of cells could still give rise to a colony containing T cells. Colonies were grown in microwell liquid cultures in a vol of 0.02 ml/culture seeded with from 2 to 40 cells. Each cell concentration was set up with 60 or more replicates, and the results were analyzed using limiting dilution theory. Growth had an absolute requirement both for lymphokine(s) present in the supernatant of PHA-stimulated peripheral blood leukocytes and for PHA. A fit to limiting dilution theory could be obtained only when heavily irradiated (3000 rad) peripheral blood leukocytes or NAd cells were also included, 300 cells/well being optimum. The system supported the development of OKT3+ and OKT11+ cells from OKT3-, OKT11-, OKM1-, and OKla1- precursors. All colonies contained some OKT3+ and OKT11+ cells, usually more than half the colony cells carrying the markers. Some colonies also contained OKTM1+ cells and OKla1+ cells at a frequency such that some colony cells must carry more than one marker. PMID- 6600475 TI - TPA, tumor promoter-induced suppression of immunoglobulin secretion in human blood lymphocytes. AB - 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) modulates DNA synthesis and differentiation of normal and malignant human lymphoid cells. Using the reverse plaque forming assay and radioimmunoassay, we showed that nontoxic concentrations of TPA (5 to 10 ng/ml) inhibited Ig secretion of peripheral blood lymphocytes. This inhibition was dependent on T lymphocytes and not monocytes; TPA treatment of the B cell-enriched fraction slightly enhanced Ig secretion. Suppression was evident when the proportion of TPA-pretreated T lymphocytes exceeded 50%. TPA induced suppressor cells were present in both OKT8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic) and OKT4+ ("helper/inducer") subpopulations. The suppression was diminished but not abolished by the irradiation of T lymphocytes. In addition, TPA treatment modulated the expression of OKT4 antigen, whereas the expression of OKT8, 9.6 (sheep erythrocyte receptors) and surface Ig remained unchanged. Modulation of OKT4 was energy dependent and was not blocked by a maximal saturation of TPA receptors at 4 degrees C. We postulate that TPA-induced suppression of Ig secretion is T cell dependent and is likely to be associated with proliferation and activation of OKT8+ and OKT4+ lymphocytes and the induction of OKT4+ suppressor cells. PMID- 6600476 TI - Demonstration of abnormalities in expression of thymic epithelial surface antigens in severe cellular immunodeficiency diseases. AB - Thymic epithelium from three patients with severe cellular immunodeficiency diseases were compared with age-matched normal thymic epithelium using three markers of human thymic epithelium and antibodies against thymosin alpha 1, thymopoietin, and thymosin beta 4. We have previously shown that normal thymic epithelium reacts with antibodies against GQ gangliosides (antibody A2B5) and binds tetanus toxin (TT). In addition, some areas of normal thymic epithelium express human Thy-1 antigen. We found thymic epithelium in patients with severe cellular immunodeficiency diseases to be different from normal subjects. Two children with severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) had thymic epithelium that bound anti-GQ ganglioside antibody but, unlike in normals, did not bind TT. The patient with severe cellular immunodeficiency and normal serum immunoglobulins (Nezelof syndrome) had thymic epithelium that bound TT but, unlike normal thymic epithelium, did not react with anti-GQ ganglioside antibody. Thymic epithelium from both SCID and Nezelof syndrome patients contained thymosin alpha 1, thymopoietin, and thymosin beta 4 and expressed human Thy-1 antigen. In contrast to SCID thymus rudiments, Nezelof thymus contained numerous (though fewer than normal) lymphocytes with mature T cell surface antigens. Thus, using these probes of human thymic epithelium, we have demonstrated heterogeneous defects in thymic epithelial surface marker expression in severe primary cellular immunodeficiency diseases. These defects presumably reflect abnormalities of in vivo thymic epithelial maturation. PMID- 6600477 TI - Evidence for thymic regulation of autoimmunity in BXSB mice: acceleration of disease by neonatal thymectomy. AB - BXSB mice spontaneously develop an autoimmune syndrome characterized by autoantibody production, immune complex renal disease, and lymphadenopathy containing B cells. The male BSXB mouse has a rapid onset of disease that is determined by defective stem cells. Although the B cell hyperactivity has been traced to the stem cell, previous studies did not evaluate the T cells of BXSB mice with regard to a role in modifying their natural history. The present study was carried out in an attempt to determine whether or not thymic regulation played a role in modulating the stem-B cell abnormalities in BXSB mice. It was found that neonatal thymectomy led to a marked increase in autoantibody production (anti-RBC, anti-DNA), a dramatic increase in lymphadenopathy, and worsening of renal disease. Flow cytometric analysis of the lymph node cells from intact and thymectomized mice demonstrated a loss of Lyt-2+ cells from the thymectomized mice and an increased proportion of Ly-1+, Thy-1.2- cells. These results indicate that although the B cell hyperactivity of BXSB mice is determined by a marrow stem cell defect, thymic regulation normally serves to dampen that B cell hyperactivity; neonatal thymectomy reduces the thymic regulation of autoimmunity in the BXSB males and leads to excessive B cell numbers and function. PMID- 6600478 TI - Inhibition of interleukin synthesis and T cell proliferation by a monoclonal anti Ia antibody. AB - The proliferative response in vitro of Lewis rat spleen cells to Con A was inhibited by a monoclonal antibody, OX4, with specificity for a public rat la antigen. Inhibition was dose-dependent and was observed only if the antibody was present during the first 48 hr of culture. OX4 anti-la antibody inhibited production of IL 1 by peritoneal exudate cells activated by lipopolysaccharide and inhibited the production of IL 2 by spleen cells activated by Con A. Addition of exogenous IL 1 to spleen cell cultures inhibited by OX4 anti-la antibody augmented production of IL 2 and returned the proliferative response of T cells to levels observed in Con A-stimulated cultures. We suggest that OX4 anti-la antibody reacts with la+ accessory cells to inhibit production of IL 1, which in turn limits production of IL 2 and finally T cell proliferation. PMID- 6600480 TI - Anaphylatoxin-mediated regulation of the immune response. II. C5a-mediated enhancement of human humoral and T cell-mediated immune responses. AB - C5a derived from the fifth component of human complement was found to potentiate both specific and non-specific human in vitro humoral immune responses. In addition, C5a is capable of potentiating antigen- and alloantigen-induced T cell proliferative responses. In contrast to these results, C5a was unable to modulate mitogen-induced B and T cell proliferative responses. The carboxyterminal arginine of C5a is not essential in order for C5a to enhance immune responses. C5ades Arg was found to augment the immune response to the level of C5a-mediated enhancement. The serum carboxypeptidase inhibitor, 2-mercaptomethyl-5 quanodinopentanoic acid, which prevents cleavage of the terminal arginine, allowed us to assay the effects of C5a on in vitro immune responses in the presence of serum. Helper T cells are involved in C5a-mediated immuno potentiation. Substitution of T cells by soluble T cell-replacing factors, (Fc)TRF, rendered lymphocyte cultures refractory to the enhancing properties of C5a. PMID- 6600479 TI - Characterization of human B cell growth factor (BCGF) from cloned T cells or mitogen-stimulated T cells. AB - An assay system for the measurement of human BCGF was established by employing anti-id-stimulated B-CLL cells, anti-mu-stimulated normal B cells, or a transformed B cell line. PHA-Sup from PHA-stimulated T cells induced proliferation of anti-lg-stimulated B cells or augmented proliferation of a B cell line, and the activity was dose-dependent. BCGF, IL 2, and BCDF activities in PHA-Sup were eluted in a 17K fraction by gel filtration in 0.5 M NaCl. BCDF activity (pl 5.8) was isolated by chromatofocusing, but BCGF and IL 2 activities (pl 6.5 and 6.9) were not separated. Absorption with an IL 2-dependent T cell line or anti-id-stimulated B-CLL cells showed BCGF and IL 2 were distinct molecules. An IL 2-dependent helper T cell clone, d4, secreted BCGF with the m.w. of 50K. The 50K-BCGF fraction had no IL 2 activity and was eluted in a 19K fraction by gel filtration in 4 M urea and 1 M NaCl. PMA stimulation of normal T cells induced 50K-BCGF, the m.w. of which was reduced to 19K in 4 M urea and 1 M NaCl. 50K-BCGF from d4 cells and 17K-BCGF from PHA-Sup showed a synergistic effect on the proliferation of anti-lg-stimulated B cells. The results show the existence of two distinct kinds of BCGF and the presence of the synergism between them. PMID- 6600481 TI - Immunochemical variants of HLA-B27. AB - Detailed study of HLA-B27 was prompted by the extremely strong associations between this antigen and spondyloarthropathies. Despite the relative homogeneity of this antigen when defined by alloantisera, B27 reactivity with the monoclonal antibody B27M2 suggests previously unrecognized heterogeneity. To define and confirm this heterogeneity on a molecular level, detergent extracts were prepared from B cell lines derived from individuals reactive (+) or unreactive (-) with the B27M2 antibody. Extracts were immunoprecipitated by specific allogeneic or monoclonal antibodies and analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. By this method the B27M2+ and B27M2- variants of HLA-B27 had different isoelectric points (pl) and could be distinguished from each other and from a different (Bw44) control alloantigen. Blockade of glycosylation by pretreatment of cells with tunicamycin did not alter pl but did reduce HLA antigens by approximately 3000 daltons. These data demonstrate that B27 antigens can be subdivided into subsets with different molecular composition. The effects of this heterogeneity upon the associations of B27 and disease are not yet known. PMID- 6600482 TI - Induction of thromboxane release from macrophages by anaphylatoxic peptide C3a of complement and synthetic hexapeptide C3a 72-77. AB - Guinea pig peritoneal macrophages were examined for their response to homologous anaphylatoxic peptide C3a of complement. C3a caused the release of considerable amounts of thromboxane A2 from macrophages maintained in serum-free culture for up to 12 hr. Preincubation of C3a with the Fab portion of a monoclonal anti-C3a IgG abrogated its stimulatory capacity. C3a desarg was found to be rather ineffective in eliciting thromboxane release. Hexapeptide C3a 72-77, comprising the C-terminal amino acids of human C3a, proved also to stimulate the cyclooxygenation pathway of macrophage arachidonic acid metabolism, following the same routes of receptor-ligand interactions (rapid onset of activation, low dose, and cumulative desensitization) as proven for other anaphylatoxin-cell interactions. This novel effect of anaphylatoxins C3a and C3a 72-77 could contribute to inflammatory reactions in which macrophages play a role. PMID- 6600483 TI - Local activation of the killing mechanism in PU5 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity effector cells. AB - This study was undertaken to determine whether ADCC effector cells expressed their killing mechanism globally throughout the entire cell surface or locally in a restricted area. Nonantibody-coated erythrocytes were bound to PU5 ADCC effector cells by either Con A or protein A-Ig bridges, and the effector cells with the adherent nonspecific erythrocyte target cells were mixed with specific antibody-coated erythrocytes. Our results indicated that the Con A or protein A Ig-linked erythrocytes were not destroyed while the effector cell was in the process of killing specific antibody-coated erythrocytes. Therefore, the ADCC killing mechanisms of PU5 cells require activation by the interaction of Fc receptor with specific antibody-coated erythrocytes, and these killing mechanisms, once activated, are expressed in a locally restricted area of the effector cells rather than globally throughout the entire surfaces of the ADCC effector cell. Previously, we investigated the expression of the killing mechanism in cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) and found that alloimmune CTL in the process of killing specific target cells did not kill nonspecific targets linked to the CTL by either wheat germ agglutinin or immunoglobulin bridges. Thus, with respect to the surface membrane expression of lytic activity, CTL and the PU5 ADCC effector cells are similar. Our findings support the view that the various effector killing cells have a common cytolytic pathway and differ only by the recognition and triggering mechanisms. PMID- 6600484 TI - Antigenic heterogeneity of surgically removed primary and autologous metastatic human melanoma lesions. AB - The antigenic heterogeneity of primary and metastatic lesions surgically removed from nine patients with nodular melanoma was investigated by using monoclonal antibodies to HLA-A, B antigens, to beta 2-microglobulin, to Ia antigens, and to melanoma-associated antigens (MAA). The latter include three types of membrane bound MAA and a cytoplasmic MAA. In spite of an homogeneous morphologic appearance, multiple lesions removed from the same patient differed significantly in their reactivity with the panel of monoclonal antibodies in indirect immunofluorescence test. The extent of antigenic heterogeneity did not correlate with melanin synthesis, site of origin of the primary tumor, site of metastatic foci, or treatment, but was less marked in patients carrying the primary tumor. The antigenic heterogeneity of multiple lesions removed from one patient and the independent expression of the various types of MAA investigated suggest that combinations of monoclonal antibodies to MAA may be more effective than single antibodies for radioimaging and immunotherapy. PMID- 6600485 TI - Adoptive transfer of resistance to growth of an idiotype-secreting hybridoma by T cells from idiotypically suppressed mice. AB - A/J or CAF1 mice that are suppressed with respect to an idiotype, CRIA, associated with anti-Ar antibodies, and hyperimmunized develop high concentrations of idiotype-suppressor T cells. In this paper we show that such CAF1 mice are resistant to the growth of a CRIA-positive hybridoma that is lethal in normal or in immunized non-suppressed mice. No resistance was observed to the growth of a hybridoma secreting anti-Ar antibodies that lack CRIA. The state of resistance could be adoptively transferred to naive syngeneic recipients with spleen cells or T-enriched spleen cells from suppressed hyper-immunized mice; B enriched cells were ineffective. PMID- 6600486 TI - Tpre, a new alloantigen encoded in the IgT-C region of chromosome 12, is expressed on bone marrow of nude mice, fetal T cell hybrids, and fetal thymus. AB - A new T cell alloantigen, Tpre, has been identified by monoclonal F.6.9.1 antibody. This antigen is encoded by a gene linked to the cluster of T cell antigens in the IgT-C region of chromosome 12 (Tthy, Tind, and Tsu). Tpre is distinct from Tthy, Tind, or Tsu because it is expressed on bone marrow cells of the AKR nustr/nustr, the thymus repopulating precursor cell in normal adult marrow, and normal fetal thymocytes. Several fetal and adult T cell hybrids express these antigens independently. Tpre and Tthy are expressed on largely overlapping cell populations in adult thymus. PMID- 6600487 TI - B cell growth factors and B cell differentiation factor from human T hybridomas. Two distinct kinds of B cell growth factor and their synergism in B cell proliferation. AB - Human T hybridomas secreting B cell growth factors (BCGF) and B cell differentiation factor (BCDF) have been established. Hybrid clones 77-A, 94-C, and 98-F secreted BCGF that induced proliferation of anti-IgM-stimulated normal B cells. The culture supernatant from 77-A cells could also maintain continuous proliferation of colony-forming B cells, but the factor from 94-C could not. The addition of the supernatant from 94-C cells to that from 77-A cells, however, synergistically augmented the proliferation of colony-forming B cells, demonstrating the existence of two distinct kinds of BCGF and the synergism between them. These supernatants, however, showed no interleukin 2 (IL-2) or BCDF activity. A hybrid clone, 90-E, secreted BCDF. The culture supernatant induced Ig production in Cowan I-stimulated normal B cells or in a transformed B cell line, CESS. However, the supernatant had no BCGF or IL-2 activity. Anti-Ig-stimulated B cells, but not IL-2-dependent T cells, absorbed BCGF activity and CESS cells absorbed BCDF activity but not BCGF activity in the culture supernatants from T hybridomas. Taken collectively, the results demonstrated that IL-2, BCGF, and BCDF were different molecules and acceptors specific for the each molecule are present on the each target cell. PMID- 6600488 TI - T cell-derived B cell growth and differentiation factors. Dichotomy between the responsiveness of B cells from adult and neonatal mice. AB - In these studies we have determined the molecular weights of B cell growth factor (BCGF) (less than 20,000), and B cell differentiation factors (BCDF) that induce immunoglobulin M (IgM) secretion (BCDF mu) (30-60,000) and IgG secretion (BCDF gamma) (less than 20,000). Thus, the molecular weight of BCDF mu is distinct from that of BCGF and BCDF gamma; BCGF and BCDF gamma cannot be distinguished. In addition, BCGF, BCDF mu, and BCDF gamma are distinguishable by their presence or absence in different supernatants from a panel of mitogen-induced T cell clones. These results suggest that the three lymphokines are different. This conclusion is supported by their differential biological effect on B cells from adult and neonatal mice. Thus, treatment with anti-Ig induces B cells from adult mice to proliferate and this proliferation is sustained by BCGF. In contrast, even in the presence of BCGF, anti-Ig does not induce B cells from neonatal mice to proliferate. However, BCDF mu and BCDF gamma induce IgM and IgG secretion in B cells, respectively, from both adult and neonatal mice. Thus, mature B cells can both clonally expand and differentiate in response to anti-Ig, BCGF, and BCDF, whereas immature B cells can only differentiate. The poor response of neonatal B cells to anti-Ig and BCGF may partially explain the relative immunoincompetence of immature B cells. PMID- 6600489 TI - Generation of antibody diversity in the immune response of BALB/c mice to influenza virus hemagglutinin. I. Significant variation in repertoire expression between individual mice. AB - The paratypic and idiotypic diversity of the BALB/c antibody response to the hemagglutinin (HA) of the influenza A/PR/8/34 virus (PR8) was investigated using a panel of 125 anti-HA hybridoma antibodies derived from 14 BALB/c mice. The paratypic diversity, as assessed by a fine specificity analysis using 51 related influenza viruses, was extensive: 104 distinct paratopes were observed. In three instances, antibodies with indistinguishable paratopes were isolated from two individual mice. A minimum estimate of the size of the adult BALB/c anti-HA paratypic repertoire, calculated from these data, is 1,500. The generation of this diverse repertoire was studied by screening the anti-HA hybridoma panel for the presence of idiotypes (Id) that are markers for variable (V) region sequences derived from related germ line V genes. Three cross-reactive Id (IdX) that are markers for the V(k)21C, V(k)21B, and V(k)21A, D, E, or F L chain subgroups were found, respectively on 16, 1, and 10 anti-HA hybridoma antibodies derived from seven individual BALB/c mice. Thus, the V(k)21 IdX(+) hybridomas constitute 22 percent of the anti-HA hybridoma panel. The V(k)21 IdX are also present on 8.6 percent of K-bearing immunoglobulin in normal BALB/c serum. This suggests that the V(k)21 group is used preferentially in the BALB/c anti-HA immune response. The generation of the anti-HA repertoire was further studied using large panels of anti-HA hybridomas derived from two individual adult BALB/c mice. Anti idiotypic antisera were raised in rabbits against individual hybridomas from each mouse. One anti-Id serum defined a family of four idiotypically and paratypically related, but not identical, antibodies from mouse 36, which represented 31 percent of the hybridoma antibodies isolated from this mouse. None of the 112 anti-HA hybridoma antibodies derived from 13 other individual mice showed idiotypic cross-reactivity. Furthermore, this Id could not be detected in anti PR8 antisera from 75 individual BALB/c mice. Another anti-Id serum defined a family of 27 idiotypically related antibodies from mouse 37, which represented 50 percent of the hybridoma antibodies isolated from this mouse. Only 1 of the 71 hybridoma antibodies isolated from 13 other individuals was idiotypically cross reactive. These results demonstrate that individual adult BALB/c mice express paratypically and idiotypically distinct antibody repertoires to the HA of influenza virus PR8. Based on these observations, we suggest that somatic mutation plays an important role in the generation of the adult anti-HA repertoire. Mechanisms that could account for differences in repertoire expression among individual mice are discussed. PMID- 6600490 TI - Identification of a B cell differentiation factor(s) spontaneously produced by proliferating T cells in murine lupus strains of the lpr/lpr genotype. AB - Lymph node and spleen cells of the autoimmune MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mouse strain spontaneously produce (in the absence of mitogenic stimulation) a factor(s) that induces B cell differentiation. This factor is not produced by the congenic MRL/n mouse strain that lacks the lpr gene or by normal mouse strains. However, lymphoid cells of the B6-lpr/lpr (B6/1) strain also produce a B cell differentiation factor. Although the factor acts on resting B cells, its effect is greatly magnified by activating the B cells with anti-mu or lipopolysaccharide. MRL/l mice begin producing the factor as early as 1 mo of age but levels increase with age and appearance of lymphoproliferation. Cell depletion studies reveal that this factor is produced by T cells of the Lyt-1+2 phenotype. Because of its association with the lpr/lpr genotype, we term this B cell differentiation factor L-BCDF. Functional analysis of L-BCDF reveals that it acts regardless of cell density in culture and in the absence of interleukin 2 (IL-2). In fact, the increase in the production of L-BCDF by MRL/1 T cells with aging occurs concomitantly with a marked decrease in their ability to produce IL 2. No T cell replacing factor activity or B cell growth factor-like activity can be detected in MRL/l-derived supernatants. L-BCDF induces both IgM and IgG synthesis in lipopolysaccharide-activated B cells; however, it has a greater effect on IgG secretion. In particular, the production of IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b are markedly enhanced in the presence of L-BCDF. The spontaneous production of L BCDF by T cells of SLE mice of lpr/lpr genotype suggests an association of this factor with autoimmunity. PMID- 6600491 TI - Direct demonstration of the clonogenic potential of every human peripheral blood T cell. Clonal analysis of HLA-DR expression and cytolytic activity. AB - In an attempt to determine the clonogenic properties of human peripheral blood T cells, we have developed a limiting dilution microculture system using phytohemagglutinin (PHA) as T cell activator and supernatant from PHA-stimulated spleen cultures as a source of T cell growth factors. The frequencies of cells capable of extensive proliferation under these culture conditions were 0.52-0.73, 0.98-1.11, and less than 0.02 in peripheral blood mononuclear, E-rosette positive, and E-rosette-negative cell populations, respectively. The clonogenic potential of virtually all T cells was confirmed in experiments using single cells isolated by micromanipulation. Clone size ranged between 5 and 30 X 10(4) cells on day 14 of culture. The same microculture system was used to determine the precursor frequency of all cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL-P). As assessed by a lectin-dependent 51Cr release assay, the CTL-P frequency in purified T cell populations ranged between 0.30 and 0.34. In comparison, the precursor frequency of T cells capable of lysing K562 target cells was ranging between 0.14 and 0.16. Parallel analysis of individual clonal cultures for both lytic activities showed that 50% of the clones exhibiting lectin-dependent lysis were also active against K562 target cells. All of the proliferating clones expressed HLA-DR antigens, although to a varying degree as assessed by flow cytofluorometry. Given the high cloning efficiency of this culture system, it appears now possible to determine the precursor frequencies of the various classes of functional cells in T cell populations. PMID- 6600492 TI - IgE class-restricted tolerance induced by neonatal administration of soluble or cell-bound IgE. AB - Induction of IgE class-restricted tolerance was studied in high IgE-responder (BALB/c X SJL)F1 mice, of which the parental BALB/c and SJL mice are high and low IgE-responder mice, respectively. 2,4-Dinitrophenyl (DNP)-specific monoclonal IgE was administered to (BALB/c X SJL)F1 mice neonatally in two forms: soluble IgE at 250 micrograms per injection, or 10-100 ng of IgE coupled to 25-50 X 10(6) syngeneic splenocytes by binding to the chemically reactive hapten trinitrobenzene sulfonate (TNBS) or directly conjugated via a heterobifunctional reagent, N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate (SPDP). Polyclonal induction of IgE class-restricted tolerance was observed in (BALB/c X SJL)F1 mice, neonatally treated with soluble IgE or IgE-conjugated syngeneic splenocytes. Thus these mice failed to mount IgE antibody responses to either keyhole limpet hemocyanin or ovalbumin challenge, assessed by the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction. The IgG antibody responses to these same antigens, however, were not affected by this treatment. The IgE class-restricted tolerance induced by both forms of IgE persisted up to at least 6 mo with repeated antigenic challenges. IgE coupled to syngeneic cells by TNBS or the SPDP method induced prolonged tolerance up to 9 mo. The induction of polyclonal IgE class-restricted tolerance was achieved only by monoclonal IgE, whereas DNP specific monoclonal IgG1 plus IgG2b coupled to syngeneic splenocytes by the SPDP method failed to modulate either IgE or IgG antibody responses. In contrast, (BALB/c X A/J)F1 mice, of which both parental strains are high IgE responders, developed IgE class-restricted tolerance upon repeated neonatal injection of soluble IgE, but not IgE-conjugated syngeneic splenocytes, indicating that gene products of the low IgE-responder mice contributed to the effective presentation and/or recognition of epsilon heavy chain of the IgE molecules. Taken collectively, these results demonstrated that non-antigen-specific, isotype restricted tolerance can be induced in the IgE antibody system. The differential induction of IgE class-restricted tolerance by different forms of tolerogen in the strains studied perhaps distinguishes two underlying cellular mechanisms for IgE class-restricted tolerance. PMID- 6600494 TI - Exercise testing and coronary artery disease. PMID- 6600493 TI - Evidence for a mature B cell subpopulation in Peyer's patches of young adult xid mice. AB - Peyer's patch (PP) and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cell cultures from young adult X-linked immunodeficient (xid) CBA/N and (CBA/N X DBA/2) F1 male mice support primary anti-sheep erythrocyte (SRBC) plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses, which suggests that gut-associated lymphoreticular tissue (GALT) contains a normal B lymphocyte subpopulation. Further support for this was provided by the observation that PP cells from xid mice gave responses to both TI-1 and TI-2 antigens that were similar to the responses of PP cell cultures from normal mice. Spleen cell cultures from xid mice were unresponsive to SRBC and TI-2 antigens. Proof that GALT of xid mice contain mature B lymphocytes was provided by the demonstration of PP B cells that bear a low density of surface immunoglobulin M. When these cells were separated by flow cytometry and immunized with trinitrophenyl (TNP)-Ficoll in vitro, good anti-TNP PFC responses were observed. These results suggest that GALT of young adult xid mice contain mature B cells and may represent the origin for the mature B cell responses seen in aged xid mice. PMID- 6600495 TI - Creativity in management in family medicine. AB - Family practice presents some complex patient management problems with organic, social, and psychological components. There is a great potential for creative problem solving in such patient management problems, in that many alternative solutions are possible. A cross-sectional study was carried out to test the hypothesis that "more creative people as defined by a standard creativity test would have a better quality of management." Sixteen volunteers from the University of Western Ontario Family Practice Residency Program completed a written management problem and the Barron Welsh Art Scale, which is a measure of a person's preference for complexity. The number of options given in each answer was calculated, and the results showed that more creative residents had a higher quality of management score, a higher number of high-quality options, more options of an interpersonal nature, and a higher proportion of original options. The results suggest that creative people are more able to generate the number and types of options that are needed for quality management. The higher proportion of original options may represent a more comprehensive approach to management, and the creative groups' preference for complexity may enable them to deal more effectively with the problem. These results are not generalizable but indicate a need for further investigation into this area. PMID- 6600496 TI - Catecholamine secretion by chemically skinned cultured chromaffin cells. AB - The secretory system of intact chromaffin cells is not accessible to direct chemical manipulation because of the selective permeability of the plasmalemma. We have devised a simple procedure for chemically "skinning" (permeabilizing) cultured adrenal medullary chromaffin cells by brief exposure to the detergent saponin. This procedure disrupts the continuity of the plasmalemma, thus allowing us to bypass those aspects of the secretory process controlled by the cell membrane and giving direct access to exogenous substances to the cellular secretory machinery. We report here that the skinned cells retain a fully competent secretory mechanism dependent only on exogenous calcium and MgATP. Saponin treatment had no significant effect on the total catecholamine content of the cells. Secretion could be initiated by either MgATP or calcium as long as the other was present in the medium. Catecholamine and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase release by the skinned cells was dependent on the calcium concentration of the medium. The ratio of secreted catecholamine and enzyme was similar to that of the cells, indicating that secretion occurred by an exocytotic mechanism. About half the total cellular content of the cytoplasmic enzyme lactic dehydrogenase was released during the permeabilization process and subsequent incubations, indicating plasmalemma permeability to molecules as large as protein. Calcium induced secretion was unaffected by several drugs known to affect catecholamines and granule function. Saponin treatment of chromaffin cells in culture appears to be a simple means for allowing access to exogenous substances to the cells' secretory machinery. Therefore, it offers the opportunity to use chemical treatments, and perhaps specific antibodies to cellular components, to determine the role of these elements in the secretory process. These techniques should also be applicable to other cells known to secrete by an exocytotic mechanism. PMID- 6600498 TI - beta-Lactamase-producing Branhamella catarrhalis causing otitis media in children. PMID- 6600497 TI - The influence of ethionine-supplemented soy protein diet on cell-mediated and humoral immunity. AB - These studies were designed to investigate the influence of ethionine, a suspected carcinogen, on cell-mediated (CMI) and humoral immunity. It is believed that ethionine, an analog of methionine which is produced by intestinal bacteria, could have significant relevance to health. To study the effect of ethionine on immune responsiveness, three groups of mice were allowed to feed ad libitum for 5 weeks on one of the following regimens: diet 1, a basal diet of 16% soy protein; diet 2, soy protein supplemented with 0.6% dl-methionine; and diet 3, soy protein supplemented with 0.1% dl-ethionine. The immunological parameters measured were responsiveness to mitogens, [phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)], delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB), and antibody formation to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). There were no significant differences in mitogen and antigen responses in mice maintained on diets 1 and 2 as measured by thymidine uptake in proliferating lymphocytes. However, there was a significant suppression in mitogen responsiveness in mice that received diet 3. DTH was also suppressed in mice on diet 3. Antibody levels were similar in all groups. Thus, there was clear evidence of suppression of CMI by ethionine in these studies. PMID- 6600499 TI - Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in twins. PMID- 6600500 TI - The identification of Gardnerella vaginalis. AB - A collection of 72 strains of catalase-negative gram-positive, -negative and variable cocco-bacilli isolated from samples of vaginal discharge from women with non-specific vaginal infection was examined in an attempt to develop an identification system for Gardnerella vaginalis that could be used in a diagnostic laboratory. Carbohydrate fermentation tests were found to be poorly reproducible and of little differentiating value. Enzyme tests were found similarly unhelpful, as were many antibiotic-susceptibility and chemical inhibition tests. However, seven tests--susceptibility to trimethoprim and two concentrations of metronidazole, growth in the presence of 2% (w/v) sodium chloride and on nutrient agar, lactic acid production from glucose and beta haemolysis on human-blood agar--were used successfully in this study to separate G. vaginalis from catalase-negative coryneforms and lactobacilli. Of these tests, susceptibility to trimethoprim and metronidazole together with beta-haemolysis on human blood agar are the most likely to provide a rapid, accurate identification. A possible identification scheme is outlined. PMID- 6600501 TI - Diagnostic imaging of malignant melanoma with radiolabeled antitumor antibodies. PMID- 6600502 TI - Scanning the field of neuroradiology. PMID- 6600503 TI - Improved imaging offers look at whole body. PMID- 6600504 TI - Immunologic and enzymatic studies of two breeding lines of NZB mice that differ in chromosome breakage. AB - Two sublines of NZB/BI mice were developed by selective matings according to chromosome breakage frequencies. These sublines--HB, a line with high chromosome breakages, and LB, a line with low or normal breakage rates--were studied in regard to the age of the animals as it related to two different aspects. The first aspect was immunologic: A decreased response to T-cell mitogens was found in old NZB mice, but this response was more pronounced in HB mice. The response to the B-cell mitogen (lipopolysaccharide) was increased in both sublines as compared to that in BALB/c mice. The percentages of IgG-positive and theta positive spleen cells were evaluated in both sublines: Some increase in IgG positive cells was observed in the spleens of 2- to 8-month-old NZB mice and a slight decrease was seen after age 8 months. The percentage of theta-positive cells diminished according to the age of the mice, and the decrease occurred earlier in HB than in LB mice. The second aspect studied was enzymatic and concerned the levels of DNA alpha- and beta-polymerases and terminal DNA nucleotidyltransferase in the thymuses and spleens of these animals. The major finding noted was an augmentation of 100-200% in the terminal DNA nucleotidyltransferase levels in HB thymuses by comparison with LB thymuses. The levels of both polymerases were increased in spleen cells of HB mice as compared to those of LB mice. PMID- 6600505 TI - Bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma: tumor-associated immunity detected by E rosette augmentation test. AB - The E-rosette augmentation (ERA) assay was used to study cell-mediated immunity with blood leukocytes from cattle with bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma (BOSCC), from cattle with benign ocular or cutaneous lesions, and from healthy controls. Potassium chloride extracts (3 M) of BOSCC and skin from the same donor, cutaneous bovine papillomas, allogeneic lymphosarcoma, and xenogeneic sheep squamous cell carcinoma were used as antigens. Of the 21 animals with BOSCC, leukocytes of 19 gave positive ERA reactions to BOSCC extract and only those of 4 reacted nonspecifically to other extracts. Of 21 animals in the control group, only 3 gave positive ERA reactions. In reciprocal tests, cattle with BOSCC showed ERA reactivity only against extracts of BOSCC, and cattle with cutaneous papillomas showed reactivity only against extracts of cutaneous papillomas. Blood leukocytes from tumor-bearing cattle stimulated with related tumor extracts released a soluble factor that enhanced E-rosette formation when tested on normal bovine leukocytes. PMID- 6600506 TI - The adverse effect of systemic hypertension following myocardial reperfusion. AB - Transient myocardial ischemia in postoperative hypertension is relatively common with coronary artery bypass surgery. This study examines the effect of hypertension during reperfusion of transiently ischemic myocardium. The animal model was open chest pigs with myocardial ischemia induced by the occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by 2 hr of reperfusion. A normotensive control group was compared with animals rendered hypertensive with phenylephrine during the ischemic and reperfusion times. In the hypertensive group, systolic blood pressure was raised from 106 to 161 mm Hg and peripheral vascular resistance from normal to 3600 dyn-sec-cm-5. Regional left ventricular wall thickness, mitochondrial function, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ uptake, tissue calcium, water content, and hemorrhage were evaluated. Compared to controls the hypertensive group had (1) loss of systolic wall thickening with increased diastolic wall thickness in the reperfused zone, (2) intramyocardial hemorrhage in the area of reperfusion, (3) significant impairment of oxidative phosphorylation by mitochondria isolated from the reperfused zone, (4) a marked reduction in the rate of Ca2+ uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles, and (5) an increase in ischemic tissue calcium. Thus, hypertension associated with revascularization of acutely ischemic myocardium may accentuate myocardial damage. PMID- 6600507 TI - Discriminant analysis of the changing risks of coronary artery operations: 1971 1979. AB - The risk of perioperative myocardial infarction (PMI) and operative mortality (OM) associated with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has declined since the introduction of this procedure 15 years ago. Rigorous scientific investigation of the reasons for this trend has been hindered by the complex interactions between changing indications for operation, criteria for patient selection, and management methods. Using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, we investigated the effects of 42 variables on PMI and OM for two cohorts undergoing CABG between 1971 and 1975 (Group A) and 1977 and 1979 (Group B). According to previously identified risk factors, Group B patients were at higher potential risk than those in Group A. Nevertheless, the PMI and OM rates declined from 8.7% +/- 0.9% to 4.6% +/- 0.7% (p = 0.005) and from 2.4% +/- 0.5% to 1.2% +/- 0.4% (p = 0.07), respectively. In calendar year 1979 (N = 438), the PMI and OM rates were 2.8% +/- 0.8% and 0.7% +/- 0.4%. More importantly, the independent determinants of PMI and OM for the two time intervals were distinctly different. Factors which affected the PMI rate in Group A were no longer determinants of PMI in Group B; with the exception of emergency operation and, to a modest extent, congestive heart failure (CHF), predictors of OM in Group A were not determinants of OM in Group B. Thus the adverse impact of multiple patient related and disease-related determinants of PMI and OM has been neutralized over this decade by the real improvements in patient management. The specific factors and management concepts responsible for these superior results in sicker patients remain uncharacterized; however, in general terms, more sophisticated medical, anesthetic, and nursing management and more refined surgical expertise have essentially nullified the concept of high-risk candidates. Furthermore, the more propitious early results being attained currently may translate directly into parallel long-term improvements in functional benefit and survival. PMID- 6600508 TI - Diabetes mellitus and coronary artery bypass. Short-term risk and long-term prognosis. AB - A consecutive series of 3,707 patients over a 12 year period undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) included 250 diet/oral medication controlled and 162 insulin-dependent patients with diabetes mellitus. Analysis of 20 pre- and 18 intra-operative variables revealed a higher incidence of hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, and tobacco consumption for both diabetic groups. The extent of diffuse coronary disease as judged angiographically and at operation was significantly greater in both diabetic groups than in nondiabetic CABG patients. No difference was noted in the incidence of localized coronary disease between the groups. Average number of grafts was greater in both diabetic groups. The perioperative mortality was greater for both diabetic groups (5.1% for non-insulin-dependent diabetes, 4.5% for insulin-dependent diabetes) than for nondiabetic CABG patients (2.5%). The incidences of sternotomy complications and renal insufficiency were equal in the diabetic groups and both were significantly greater than in the nondiabetic group. The number of total hospital days was also greater in both diabetic groups. Actuarially determined survival and cardiac event-free curves revealed no difference between the diabetic groups but a significant difference between both diabetic groups as compared to the nondiabetic patient population, with follow-up extending to 10 years after CABG. Results indicate that diabetic patients have quantitatively and qualitatively more coronary artery disease than nondiabetic patients and have higher perioperative morbidity and mortality and a lower long term survival rate than nondiabetic patients. However, results continue to justify selection of patients for CABG based on clinical and anatomic criteria regardless of diabetic status. Diabetes mellitus should be considered a patient related risk factor, both short- and long-term, following CABG. PMID- 6600509 TI - Familial systemic lupus erythematosus: immunogenetic studies in eight families. AB - Familial SLE provides a unique opportunity to study the relationships of previously associated genetic factors (HLA and complement component deficiencies) to the occurrence of SLE, other immune disorders, and autoantibodies in families. Thus, eight families containing two or more affected members with SLE (n = 22) and their relatives (n = 40) were examined for HLA genotypes, complement components and autoantibodies. Among the 40 non-SLE relatives, 7 (18%) had other immune diseases, including thyroid disease in 2, rheumatoid arthritis in 2, ITP in 2, and Henoch-Schonlein purpura in one. This compared to 4 of the 22 SLE patients (also 18%) of whom 3 had thyroid disease and one PSS. Eleven non-SLE relatives (28%) had ANA, which was in high-titer in 5 (13%). Eleven (28%) had antibodies to ssDNA, and one had a BFP. Only the SLE patients had antidsDNA, Ro(SSA), Sm or nRNP. A heterozygous C2 deficiency (C2D) was found in only one of the seven kindreds studied, and followed an A25, B18 DR7 haplotype. Heterozygous C2D, however, was inherited by only one of three family members with SLE. HLA-DR2 occurred in 36% and DR3 in 36% of SLE patients, which was not significantly different from either non-SLE family members or unrelated local controls. Sib pair analysis of seven sets presented here and seven from two published reports, demonstrated only random distribution with SLE. Similarly, other immune disorders and autoantibodies followed no consistent HLA haplotypes or DR specificities. Interestingly, DR2 and/or DR3 were found in five of the six patients (83%) having anti-ro(SSA) antibodies (p = NS). These data strongly suggest that genetic factors (other than HLA and complement component deficiencies) and/or environmental factors are necessary for the expression of SLE and other immune abnormalities in lupus families. PMID- 6600510 TI - Heme-positive nasogastric aspirates in infants. PMID- 6600511 TI - Phosphorylation of gastrin-17 by epidermal growth factor-stimulated tyrosine kinase. AB - Tyrosine phosphorylation seems to be a key event in the control of cellular growth. Several viral transforming proteins, including the src protein of Rous sarcoma virus, the p120 protein of Abelson leukaemia virus and the middle T antigen of polyoma virus, are phosphorylated by associated tyrosine kinases. The levels of kinase activity correlate with the transforming efficiency of the virus. The receptors for epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and insulin are also phosphorylated by associated tyrosine kinase activities, which are stimulated by EGF, PDGF and insulin, respectively. The EGF stimulated kinase and the src protein share similar substrate specificity for tyrosines immediately C-terminal to a sequence of acidic amino acids. Such a sequence is also found adjacent to the phosphotyrosine of middle T antigen, and in the homologous region of the hormone gastrin, adjacent to a tyrosine which is sulphated in approximately half the gastrin isolated from gastric mucosa. Reports that gastrin acts as a growth factor for cells of the gastrointestinal tract suggested that phosphorylation of this tyrosine might be physiologically more relevant than sulphation. We report here that synthetic human gastrin 17 is phosphorylated by the EGF-stimulated tyrosine kinase of A431 cell membranes. The Km values of 53-87 and 223-547 microM obtained in the presence and absence of EGF, respectively, are the lowest reported so far for this enzyme. PMID- 6600512 TI - Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for ovine corticotropin-releasing factor precursor. AB - Previously, Guillemin and Rosenberg and Saffran and Schally demonstrated the presence of hypothalamic factors that stimulated the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by the pituitary gland. Recently, Vale et al. have isolated and sequenced an ovine hypothalamic peptide of 41 amino acids, which is believed to represent the major physiological corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) (reviewed in refs 5, 6). Available data suggest that hypothalamic CRF enhances both the synthesis and secretion of ACTH and related peptides such as beta-endorphin and beta-lipotropin (beta-LPH) (reviewed in ref. 6), which are all derived from the common precursor, termed ACTH-beta-LPH precursor or preproopiomelanocortin (reviewed in ref. 7). Because CRF mediates the neural control of the pituitary-adrenocortical system, the characterization of its biosynthetic precursor and the gene encoding it is essential for understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the endocrine response to stress. We have now cloned DNA sequences complementary to the ovine hypothalamic mRNA encoding the CRF precursor (referred to hereafter as prepro-CRF). The nucleotide sequence of the cloned cDNA, reported here, has revealed the primary structure of prepro-CRF. The carboxyl end represents the CRF sequence preceded by the tetrapeptide, Arg Lys-Arg-Arg, and followed by the dipeptide, Gly-Lys. Comparison of the amino acid sequence of prepro-CRF with those of the ACTH-beta-LPH precursor and the arginine vasopressin-neurophysin II precursor suggests that these precursor proteins may be evolutionarily related. PMID- 6600513 TI - Immune reactions to P2 protein in human inflammatory demyelinative neuropathies. AB - The significance of immune reactions against peripheral nervous system antigens in the human inflammatory polyneuropathies is still uncertain. Using a very sensitive assay, we found greatly increased levels of anti-P2 antibodies in sera of animals with experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) but no increases in humans with acute Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), chronic relapsing polyneuritis (CRIP), axonal neuropathy, or normals. P2 protein and CNS basic protein did not induce any increased proliferation in lymphocytes of GBS or CRIP patients. We conclude that P2 and BP appear unlikely to be targets for humoral or cellular immune reactivity in GBS or CRIP. PMID- 6600514 TI - Antenatal education: does it improve the quality of labour and delivery? AB - Of 196 nulliparous women who delivered in a two month period, 78 percent had attended antenatal education classes. The mothers who did not attend antenatal classes consisted of significantly more Maori and Pacific Island mothers, they were younger, smoked more, had a lower socioeconomic status and fewer were married. The group who went to antenatal education classes had a significantly longer second stage in labour and required more forceps assistance during delivery compared to non-attenders. These results remained for the polynesian mothers, when they were analysed separately and the differences in age and socioeconomic status were no longer present. There was no difference in the type of pain relief required during childbirth by the attenders or non-attenders. We found no evidence that attending antenatal education classes will ensure an easy and less complicated childbirth. PMID- 6600515 TI - Localized rheumatologic diseases. Common diagnostic challenges. AB - Rheumatic pain is usually generalized, but in a variety of conditions it may present as localized and often remain so. These conditions include palindromic rheumatism, osteoarthritis, gout or pseudogout, seronegative spondyloarthropathy, septic arthritis, tendinitis and bursitis, radiculopathy and nerve entrapment, nodular growth, and tendon enlargement. When the presenting feature is focal pain in muscles, joints, or fibrous tissue, the differential diagnosis should include these considerations. PMID- 6600516 TI - Induction of a B-lymphocyte receptor for a T cell-replacing factor by the crosslinking of surface IgD. AB - The observation that anti-immunoglobulin antibodies and T cell-replacing factor (TRF) have a synergistic effect on the stimulation of B lymphocytes to differentiate into antibody-secreting cells suggested to us the possibility that the crosslinking of B-cell surface immunoglobulin by antigen or anti immunoglobulin antibody might induce the expression of a B-cell receptor for TRF. In order to test this possibility we studied whether spleen cells from mice injected with 400-800 micrograms of anti-IgD antibody 1-3 days before sacrifice had an enhanced capacity to adsorb TRF activity from a partially purified culture supernatant of concanavalin A-stimulated mouse spleen cells. We found that spleen cells from euthymic or congenitally athymic mice injected 24-30 hr prior to sacrifice with either affinity-purified goat anti-mouse IgD antibody or a monoclonal allospecific anti-IgD antibody had greater than 100 times the TRF adsorptive capacity of spleen cells from control mice. In contrast, spleen cells from anti-IgD treated DBA/2Ha mice, which have been shown to have an immune defect associated with the lack of a TRF receptor, were unable to adsorb TRF activity from concanavalin A-stimulated helper supernatants. This suggests that the crosslinking of B-cell surface immunoglobulin may induce B lymphocytes to express a receptor or receptors for TRF and thus enhance B-cell responsiveness to this helper factor. PMID- 6600517 TI - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for postlaparotomy pain. AB - This study was designed to evaluate the transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) postoperative program administered by a physical therapy department. A surgeon, a physical therapist, a recovery room nurse, and unit nurses participated in the program which included preoperative evaluation and patient education, application of sterile electrodes parallel to the incision in the operating room, TENS activation in the recovery room, follow-up visits, and data collection. Seventy-five patients who underwent laparotomy and received TENS at the most comfortable machine settings were compared by chart review to 75 patients who had undergone similar surgical procedures performed by the same surgeon before TENS postoperative pain management had been instituted. The TENS was applied for an average of five days; machine settings of intensity, frequency, and pulse width tended to be midrange. The TENS group took significantly less pain medication, but the length of hospital stay was not significantly different. Patients with TENS rated their pain on 10-point scales as more intense than uncomfortable. This study demonstrated that a well structured interdisciplinary program of postoperative TENS management can reduce the amount of pain medication taken by patients after laparotomy. PMID- 6600518 TI - Development of hindlimb locomotor activity in the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) studied in vitro. AB - The isolated central nervous system of the bullfrog larva (tadpole) is a valuable model system for studying the development of central motor control because the neural activity for locomotion is expressed in vitro. Patterned synaptic activation of immature hindlimb motoneurons is present before the bones and muscles of the hindlimb differentiate, and it develops against the background of the tadpole's functionally mature motor program for tail oscillations. This activation of hindlimb motoneurons later produces patterned bursting that underlies coordinated stepping and frog kicks. PMID- 6600519 TI - Isolation and transmission of human retrovirus (human t-cell leukemia virus). AB - Nine new isolates of human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus (HTLV) were obtained from cells of seven patients with malignancies of mature T cells and from two clinically normal relatives of a T-cell leukemia patient. These people were from the United States, Israel, the West Indies, and Japan. The virus was detected in the fresh T cells and was isolated from the established T-cell lines. Each isolate is closely related to the first HTLV isolate, and all the new HTLV isolates were transmitted into normal human T cells obtained from the umbilical cord blood of newborns. PMID- 6600520 TI - Gene reactivation in erythrocytes: nuclear transplantation in oocytes and eggs of Rana. AB - Adult erythrocyte nuclei of Rana, transplanted and incubated in the cytoplasm of maturing oocytes, direct matured oocytes to form swimming tadpoles. These results demonstrate that nuclei of noncycling and terminally differentiated erythrocytes contain the genes to specify tadpole development, and conditioning these nuclei in the cytoplasm of oocytes leads to a widespread reactivation of dormant genes. PMID- 6600521 TI - Discrete visual defects in pearl mutant mice. AB - The mutant mouse pearl, characterized by its hypopigmentation, has a specific functional defect in a sensory system--the retina. The intact pearl mouse has reduced sensitivity in the dark-adapted condition. Normal sensitivity is restored by isolation and superfusion of the retina with bicarbonate-buffered Ringer solution, suggesting that the retinal expression of the pearl mutation depends on a diffusible substance. The pearl phenotype is described as a possible model for human congenital stationary night blindness. PMID- 6600522 TI - Temporal selectivity in the central auditory system of the leopard frog. AB - Amplitude modulation is a predominant temporal feature in many vocal signals. The leopard frog, Rana pipiens, has a class of neurons in the central auditory system that respond selectively to particular rates of amplitude modulation; these neurons can be characterized by a temporal tuning curve. Such selectivity is absent in the peripheral auditory system. This type of transformation may be fundamental in processing temporal information in the vertebrate sensory nervous system. PMID- 6600523 TI - Paraesophageal hernias: early operation provides the key to safe, simple repair. PMID- 6600524 TI - Pseudoaneurysm of cystic artery with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. AB - Pseudoaneurysms of the pancreaticoduodenal arteries commonly occur in pancreatitis. Pseudoaneurysms of the hepatic artery and its branches usually occur due to trauma. I report a pseudoaneurysm of the cystic artery resulting from cholecystitis and successful surgical treatment of the pseudoaneurysm. PMID- 6600525 TI - Interaction between warfarin and erythromycin. AB - In the patient described, marked exacerbation of the hypoprothrombinemic response to warfarin coincided with the addition of erythromycin to the drug regimen. A subsequent study in rats provided evidence that erythromycin is capable of increasing the anticoagulant response to single doses of warfarin. On the basis of case findings, preliminary laboratory data, and related clinical data we conclude that the interaction between warfarin and erythromycin is one of potential significance. PMID- 6600526 TI - Isolation of Haemophilus ducreyi from genital ulcerations in white men in Johannesburg. AB - An analysis of sexually acquired genital ulcerations in 31 White patients who were examined microbiologically in Johannesburg showed Haemophilus ducreyi to be the causative agent in 23 (74%), whereas syphilis was the confirmed diagnosis in only 6 (19%). All the H. ducreyi isolates produced beta-lactamase. Previously, chancroid was considered to be an infrequent cause of genital ulceration in this population group. Unlike those with syphilitic ulceration, patients with chancroid usually do not respond to penicillin. The improved isolation procedures for H. ducreyi now enable the laboratory to confirm most cases. PMID- 6600528 TI - [Modern principles of the surgery of ischemic heart disease and its complications]. PMID- 6600527 TI - Common bile duct complications of pancreatitis evaluation and treatment. AB - Five cases that illustrate the spectrum of biliary complications of pancreatitis and pancreatic pseudocyst are discussed. Obstructive jaundice, hemobilia, and bilious ascites were the major problems in these five patients. Sonography, transhepatic cholangiogram, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, operative cholangiography, and arteriography are important in establishing the diagnosis and planning the treatment. Three patients had biliary obstruction caused by chronic pancreatitis, a pancreatic pseudocyst, or both. Two patients had a fistula between the common duct and the pseudocyst. Simple decompression of the pseudocyst was curative for only one patient. Three patients required decompression of the biliary tract, which emphasizes the need for intraoperative cholangiography. One patient required a Whipple operation to control hemorrhage but died in the immediate postoperative period. The operative findings determine the specific procedures for biliary tract decompression and pseudocyst drainage. PMID- 6600529 TI - The superolateral major fissures. AB - In a review of more than 1,000 posteroanterior views of normal adult chests, a curving contour that relates to the major fissure laterally along the superior segment of the lower lobe was identified in 14%. The contour, which was more often seen as an edge rather than a line, was noted only on the right in 4%, only on the left in 6%, and on both the right and the left in 4% of patients. This publication discusses various characteristics of the curving contour, evidence that relates the contour to the major fissure, and the mechanism of production of the curving contour when seen as an edge. Also presented are some clinical examples illustrating the usefulness of understanding this feature of radiographic anatomy. PMID- 6600530 TI - Computed tomography of the major and minor fissures. AB - One hundred computed tomograms of patients with normal lungs were reviewed to determine the normal characteristics of the major fissures and the minor fissure and how often each is seen. Each major fissure was imaged most often as a lucent band, less often as a line, and least often as a dense band. The percentage visualization of these three appearances is tabulated for the upper, middle, and lower parts of each major fissure. The minor fissure was imaged as a lucent area. The lucent area was more often triangular, with its apex at the hilar region, and less often round or oval. Several examples are presented to illustrate how an understanding of the fissures, as displayed cross-sectionally, helps in interpreting abnormal findings on computed tomographic scans. These examples relate to localization of masses within the lobes of the lung, extension of carcinoma to or across the fissure, recognition of fluid in the fissure, etc. PMID- 6600531 TI - Postnatal growth and size of the pulmonary acinus and secondary lobule in man. AB - The acinus and the secondary lobule are important anatomic, functional, and pathologic units in the human lung; there are, however, few studies that specifically describe their postnatal growth and size. Normal lungs from 15 children and adults dying without evidence of pulmonary disease were fixed and dried using a standardized technique and were radiographed after tantalum or silver nitrate bronchoacinography. The acini and secondary lobules were identified and the diameters of these terminal respiratory units determined. The mean diameter of the pulmonary acinus at 1 month was 1 mm; 1 year, 2.5 mm; and at 2 years, 3 mm. The mean acinar diameter had increased to 6 mm at 12 years and reached a normal adult range of 6-10 mm during late adolescence. Acinar size seemed to be related to both height and age. The mean diameter of the secondary lobule at birth measured 3 mm, increased to 5 mm by the end of the first year of life, and by the fourth year measured 9 mm; at 12 years it measured 15 mm, and in late adolescence and adult life it ranged between 13 and 20 mm. A knowledge of the size of the acinus and secondary lobule has a practical application in radiologic practice and will be important in regional structural analysis of the pulmonary parenchyma with computed tomography. PMID- 6600532 TI - Computed tomography of intrathoracic goiters. AB - Ten patients with intrathoracic goiters were evaluated by computed tomography (CT). In comparison with chest radiographs, CT showed additional features helpful in suggesting the correct diagnosis. These observations included: (1) clear continuity with the cervical thyroid gland (8/10 cases); (2) well defined borders (9/10); (3) punctate, coarse, or ringlike calcifications (8/10); (4) nonhomogeneity (9/10) often with discrete, nonenhancing, low-density areas (6/10); (5) precontrast attenuation values at least 15 H greater than adjacent muscles (4/10) with more than 25 H after contrast enhancement (8/8); and (6) characteristic patterns of goiter extension into mediastinum. PMID- 6600533 TI - Azygos vein abutting the posterior wall of the right main and upper lobe bronchi: a normal CT variant. AB - In 9% of 78 normal computed tomographic examinations, the azygos vein was interposed between the posterior wall of the right-main or right-upper-lobe bronchi and lung in the azygoesophageal recess. Observation of the azygos vein on contiguous scans will generally allow a confident identification of this normal variant. Contrast enhancement will elucidate difficult cases. PMID- 6600534 TI - Bronchogenic cysts with high CT numbers. AB - Four patients with mediastinal masses are described. CT examinations demonstrated masses of high attenuation, and solid masses were suspected. At thoracotomy each patient had a cystic mass containing a brownish, turbid, mucoid material. The pathologic diagnosis in each case was a bronchogenic cyst. The possibility of such a cyst should not be excluded because of a high CT number, which reflects the turbid contents of the cyst. PMID- 6600535 TI - Bronchial artery occlusion for severe hemoptysis: use of isobutyl-2 cyanoacrylate. AB - Isobutyl-2 cyanoacrylate (IBC) was used to embolize the bronchial arteries of 14 patients with severe hemoptysis. The site of bleeding was supplied by a bronchial artery from the aorta in 11 cases and from a right bronchointercostal trunk in three. IBC was injected after previous reduction of the blood flow in the artery by embolization with particles of dura mater. In all cases, bleeding stopped immediately after occlusion and no spinal cord complications were observed. The results indicate that IBC may be a valuable occluding agent in severe hemoptysis, since it produced virtually permanent occlusion of both the distal and proximal parts of the artery. In 13 patients, bleeding did not recur throughout follow-up periods of 2-17 months. In one patient, it recurred 12 months after embolization but stopped after occlusion of another bronchial artery with IBC. It should be noted, however, that immediately after embolization, five patients experienced violent transient retrosternal burning, and one patient experienced dysphagia and fever for 2 days. Since mediastinal ischemia cannot always be avoided, this procedure must be reserved for cases of severe hemoptysis for which surgical treatment is contraindicated. PMID- 6600536 TI - Significance of wall thickness in solitary cavities of the lung: a follow-up study. PMID- 6600537 TI - Thoracic alterations after cardiac surgery. AB - A series of 92 adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery was reviewed to distinguish routine postoperative radiographic alterations from signs of clinically significant complications. Two postoperative complications required decisive clinical intervention: mediastinal hemorrhage (7% of cases) and sternal wound infections (3% of cases). Mediastinal hemorrhage was most often diagnosed by excessive bloody mediastinal tube drainage alone, although progressive mediastinal widening and pleural or apical extrapleural hematomas provided corroborating or, rarely, the sole evidence of mediastinal hemorrhage. Sternal wound infections were most often diagnosed clinically, but increasing pre- and retrosternal gas collections provided radiographic confirmation. Atelectasis was the most common postoperative finding. There were many abnormal gas and soft tissue collections posteroperatively that were notable for their lack of clinical importance. Serial postoperative films were necessary to demonstrate the progression of radiographic findings which indicate the two important postoperative complications. PMID- 6600538 TI - Peri- and paracardial involvement in lymphoma: a radiographic study of 11 cases. AB - Eleven patients with pericardiac and paracardiac lymphomatous involvement were studied. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest was compared to plain chest films for its ability to define the sites and extent of involvement in the paracardiac area. Nine of the 11 patients had abnormalities on chest radiography, which included abnormal contours in the fat pad areas and along the heart border, or an enlarged cardiac silhouette. Two patients had normal cardiac silhouettes; however, CT showed definite abnormalities. CT differentiated adenopathy from fat pads in two patients and pericardial effusion from cardiomegaly or paracardiac adenopathy in two patients. The exact location and extent of the paracardiac adenopathy initially seen on chest film was defined by CT. Careful analysis of the peri- and paracardiac areas by plain films and CT is essential to the diagnosis and the proper management of patients with Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. PMID- 6600539 TI - Induced coronary spasm without electrocardiographic signs or symptoms of myocardial ischemia. PMID- 6600540 TI - Complications after herniography in adults. AB - Positive contrast herniography has been used in adult patients with unexplained groin pain for the detection of clinically occult inguinal hernias. Herniography involves puncture of the anterior abdominal wall and injection of an iodine contrast medium. Complications may be encountered from either phase of the procedure and were recorded in 19 (5.8%) of 330 herniographies. Difficulties in puncturing the abdominal wall as well as in injecting the contrast medium were noted in 12 (3.6%); these difficulties included injection into the stomach (one patient), left iliac vein (one patient), colon (three patients), and anterior abdominal wall (four patients). In three patients a painful hematoma developed at the site of puncture. Adverse reaction to the injection of contrast medium (80 ml meglumine metrizoate, 200 mg l/ml) was noted in seven (2.1%) patients. Five of these had a vasovagal reaction and two developed severe abdominal pain within a few hours after the examination. They were hospitalized for 24 hr due to suspected peritonitis. When 52 consecutive patients were asked about pain during or after the injection of contrast medium, 15% described severe pain while 23% admitted moderate pain. As in other invasive examinations, herniography involves a certain risk. This study shows that complications occur with the same or lower frequency than in urography. PMID- 6600541 TI - Discordance of sonography and cholescintigraphy in acute biliary obstruction. PMID- 6600542 TI - Food laceration of the esophagus: the taco tear. PMID- 6600543 TI - Optimum overhead views in double-contrast barium-enema examinations. AB - On 100 consecutive double-contrast barium-enema examinations demonstrating a benign or malignant mass in the colon, 10 overhead views were analyzed to determine the smallest number of projections that would permit an accurate diagnosis. The combination of six overhead views (anteroposterior, posteroanterior, angled view of the rectosigmoid, lateral view of the rectum, right and left decubitus) and fluoroscopic spot films of the cecum, transverse colon, and flexures was sufficient to demonstrate all colonic masses. In no instance was a lesion seen only on overhead views performed with the patient in an oblique position. Elimination of the four oblique views from the routine double-contrast barium-enema examination can result in substantial savings in cost and radiation exposure without adversely affecting diagnostic accuracy. PMID- 6600544 TI - High-frequency scrotal sonography. AB - High-frequency real-time sonography has enhanced accuracy in the diagnosis of scrotal abnormalities. Results of 48 scrotal scans of 92 testes are presented. There were 22 testicular lesions, nine seminomas, four embryonal cell carcinomas, one case of metastatic prostatic carcinoma, one benign "keratin cyst," three testicular infarcts, three atrophied testes, and one case of testicular torsion. Hypoechoic tumors and infarcts have a similar appearance. Extratesticular abnormalities included spermatoceles, varicoceles, epididymitis, hydroceles, and a scrotal hematoma. Sonography accurately distinguished between testicular and extratesticular masses in all cases in this series and pathologic correlations were obtained for all testicular masses. Simultaneous real-time contact scanning and palpation facilitated accurate diagnosis. PMID- 6600545 TI - CT and sonography of severe renal and perirenal infections. AB - Twelve patients with urosepsis and severe renal or perirenal infections were evaluated with both computed tomography (CT) and sonography. Six patients had nine proven renal or perirenal abscesses larger than 2 cm in diameter. One patient had multiple microabscesses smaller than 1 cm. Five patients had CT or sonographic evidence of focal or multifocal bacterial nephritis. Computed tomography correctly diagnosed all renal (six) and perirenal (three) abscesses. Sonography was falsely negative in a patient with multiple microabscesses and in another patient with a gas-forming perinephric abscess. In one patient with four bilateral renal abscesses, sonography correctly diagnosed only one of the abscesses. In the five patients with focal or multifocal bacterial nephritis, CT demonstrated poorly defined, poorly enhancing lesions in all cases. Sonography was normal in three of these patients. Although this report is based on a limited experience, computed tomography seems to be the more sensitive method of evaluating severe renal and perirenal infections. PMID- 6600546 TI - Renal positional changes in spinal-cord-injured patients. AB - Spinal-cord injured patients can have urinary tract changes related to their conditions. Altered renal position and vertical axis have not previously been identified. The urograms of 55 paralyzed patients were reviewed and compared with normal controls. Statistically significant differences (p less than 0.001) were noted in the position of the kidneys with respect to the renal angle and distance of the lower poles to the midline. No significant difference was noted between patients who were paraplegic vs. those who were quadriplegic. The more medial and vertical positioning of the kidneys was believed to be due to the psoas muscle atrophy in the spinal-cord-injured patients. PMID- 6600547 TI - High-resolution CT analysis of facial struts in trauma: 1. Normal anatomy. AB - The recent availability of high-spatial-resolution thin-section computed tomography (CT), capable of accurately depicting the thin body septa of the facial skeleton, has expanded the role that diagnostic radiology can play in the evaluation of the patient with facial trauma. A detailed knowledge of the normal CT anatomy of the face, however, is essential to optimally utilize this modality. The normal anatomy of the face was investigated in six cadavers using thin section (1.5 mm) high-resolution CT. A systematic method of analysis that can facilitate evaluation of the face is presented. The face is conceptualized as three groups of interconnected osseous struts or buttresses that are oriented in the horizontal, sagittal, and coronal planes. Each group of struts is closely related to specific soft-tissue structures that are susceptible to injury. Sequential evaluation of each strut and its associated soft tissue assures a comprehensive evaluation of the face. While both axial and coronal sections are of value in some circumstances, the coronal ones are most helpful in accurately depicting the structures of the face that are most likely to be injured in trauma. PMID- 6600548 TI - High-resolution CT analysis of facial struts in trauma: 2. Osseous and soft tissue complications. AB - In six cadavers, high-resolution thin-section computed tomography (CT) was used to evaluate the sequelae of experimentally produced facial trauma. As confirmed by pluridirectional tomography, CT was an effective imaging method for the detection and classification of facial fractures. The ability of CT to simultaneously depict both osseous and soft-tissue structures expands the role that diagnostic radiology can play in the evaluation of the traumatized face. A method of evaluation is presented in which the face is geometrically conceptualized as a series of triplanar (horizontal, sagittal, and coronal) osseous struts. Sequential, systematic assessment of each strut for fracture and its adjacent soft tissue for injury can facilitate evaluation of the traumatized face. Using this approach the osseous and soft-tissue complications arising from experimentally produced trauma are reviewed and illustrated with CT. Examples of potential soft-tissue complications that may occur with fractures of the horizontal group of struts include disruption of the dura matter at the cribiform plate, involvement of the structures of the anterior cranial fossa, injury to the optic nerve, and involvement of the superior and inferior groups of extraocular muscles. Injury to the nasolacrimal duct, maxillary sinus ostium, medial and lateral rectus muscles, or the soft-tissue structures in the superior and inferior orbital fissures may arise from disruption of the sagittal struts. Fractures of the coronal struts may involve the frontal sinus, anterior cranial fossa, lacrimal gland, nasofrontal duct, lacrimal sac, or the soft tissues of the pterygopalatine fossa. PMID- 6600549 TI - CT demonstration of pharyngeal narrowing in adult obstructive sleep apnea. AB - Sleep apnea is a major cause of daytime hypersomnolence. Among the proposed etiologies, focal obstruction of the airways at the level of the pharynx has been suggested but not proven. Using computed tomography, the cross-sectional area of the airway can be readily assessed. Thirty-three adults with clinically proven sleep apnea and 12 normal adults underwent systematic computed tomography of the neck. Significant airway narrowing was demonstrated in all the patients with obstructive sleep apnea, whereas no such narrowing was seen in the controls. In 11, the narrowing was at a single level, whereas in 22 patients two or more levels were affected. This study has shown that a structurally abnormal airway may serve as an anatomic substrate for the development of sleep apnea. On the basis of this evidence, uvulopalatopharyngoplasty has been performed in two patients with relief of symptoms in one. PMID- 6600550 TI - Computed tomography of laryngoceles. AB - Six patients with laryngoceles, two internal and four of the mixed type, were studied with CT. Uncomplicated laryngoceles appear on CT as air-filled structures lying in the paralaryngeal space (internal), lateral neck (external), or in both locations (mixed). Obstruction of the neck of the laryngocele by either tumor or chronic inflammation can result in a fluid-filled structure, producing on CT a well circumscribed mass of either near water or soft-tissue density, depending on its composition. CT proved useful in establishing the definitive diagnosis of a laryngocele and mapping its total extent for treatment planning. PMID- 6600551 TI - Computed tomography of the brain stem with intrathecal metrizamide. Part I: the normal brain stem. AB - In summary, the anatomic details of the brain stem are exquisitely demonstrated with metrizamide CT. The obex is the zone of transition from the closed medulla, which has a conical pear-shaped appearance to the quadriconcave open medulla. The pyramids and inferior olivary nuclei characterize the anterior surface of the open medulla, whereas the median sulcus and the cranial nerve nuclei constitute the floor of the fourth ventricle at the same level. The mushroomlike appearance of the pontomedullary junction is easily reproducible with the restiform bodies forming the posteriorly diverging biped. The seventh and eighth nerves are usually seen at this level or on the adjacent higher section of the low pons. The brachia pontis are well delineated in almost their entire length at the level of the low pons as they bound the fourth ventricle laterally. The trigeminal nerves are seen at the level of the midpons, which is a few millimeters lower than the isthmus. The latter constitutes the junction of the pons with the mesencephalon. The colliculi divide the midbrain into two levels of axial cross section: the inferior collicular level, which may or may not show the trochlear nerve, and the superior collicular level, which features anteriorly the suprasellar cistern and its contents. Air is an inadequate contrast agent for CT for the demonstration of the surface features of the brain stem because of partial filling of the cisterns and meniscus formation that precludes a detailed outline. Metrizamide, however, with careful technique, fills the fourth ventricle and subarachnoid space both infra- and supratentorially. High-resolution scanning using primary reconstruction, and thin tomographic sections of no more than 5 mm are a necessity for metrizamide CT. Consecutive scans should not be spaced more than 5 mm apart if all the features of the brain stem are to be evaluated. The demonstration of the various grooves and protuberances on the surface of the brain stem provides a unique opportunity for evaluating focal atrophy and focal swelling henceforth impossible to visualize consistently. PMID- 6600553 TI - Economic impact of CT scanning on the evaluation of pituitary adenomas. AB - The medical and financial records of three cohorts of 20 consecutive patients with pituitary adenomas surgically treated in 1976, 1978, and 1980 were evaluated to assess the impact of changing technology on the cost of preoperative diagnostic evaluation. The average preoperative length of hospital stay decreased from 6.8 days in 1976 to 1.9 days in 1980. The average diagnostic radiologic charge adjusted to 1980 dollars decreased from +1,747 in 1976 to +585 in 1980, while the radiologic bill as a percentage of the total hospital bill changed from 17.3% in 1976 to 11.9% in 1980. The decline in cost parameters coincided with the dramatic increase in the use of cranial computed tomography and the sharp reduction in the use of angiography and pneumoencephalography. These findings suggest that computed tomography is a highly efficacious technique for the evaluation of patients with suspected pituitary adenoma, resulting in significant savings in the costs of diagnostic evaluation. PMID- 6600552 TI - Computed tomography of the brain stem with intrathecal metrizamide. Part II: lesions in and around the brain stem. AB - The practical usefulness of computed tomography with intrathecal metrizamide in imaging the brain stem is illustrated in six examples where the lesions were misdiagnosed on intravenously enhanced computed tomography, angiography, or air study. Focal and diffuse atrophic changes of the brain stem were demonstrated in symptomatic patients where none of the other radiographic or clinical investigations were conclusive. Metrizamide computed tomography is probably the most sensitive method for imaging lesions in and around the brain stem and cerebellopontine angle. PMID- 6600554 TI - Elbow abnormalities in renal osteodystrophy. AB - Nine patients with renal osteodystrophy demonstrated characteristic abnormalities about the elbow consisting of subtendinous bone resorption at the sites of insertion and origin of muscles. The most striking abnormalities occurred at the insertion of the anconeus muscle, at the proximal extensor surface of the ulna, and along the posterior olecranon at the site of insertion of the triceps tendon. In three patients, the changes about the elbows were the most prominent features of hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 6600555 TI - Scintigraphy of benign exostoses and exostotic chondrosarcomas. AB - Technetium-99m diphosphonate scintigraphy of 11 benign exostoses and nine exostotic chondrosarcomas was correlated with pathologic macrosections of the resected tumors. Increased uptake in benign exostoses occurred in areas of enchondral ossification, and uptake in chondrosarcomas occurred in areas where ossification, osteoblastic activity, and hyperemia were found. Uptake was not related to amorphous cartilage calcification. Radiopharmaceutical uptake, therefore, correlated with areas of ossification visible radiographically, and large masses of nonossifying cartilage were not detected. Radionuclide bone imaging did not contribute to the preoperative anatomic evaluation of these tumors, and it did not always distinguish benign from malignant lesions. PMID- 6600556 TI - Radiologic findings in late-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Systemic lupus erythematosus in the elderly has a different clinical and serologic course from that in young patients. Radiographic findings in patients in whom the diagnosis was made after age 50 were compared with findings in younger patients to see if the radiologic patterns are also different. The only significant radiographic difference between the two groups was that the older group had a greater incidence of soft-tissue swelling of the hands and wrists (p less than 0.001). There was no significant difference in osteopenia, erosion, soft-tissue calcification, alignment abnormalities, or intrathoracic findings. Of 24 patients over age 50, two developed lymphoma and another developed multiple myeloma. The data agree with clinical observations that there is a higher incidence of arthritis in late-onset lupus, but clinical findings of increased incidence of pleuropericardial disease are not confirmed radiographically. The coincidence of hematologic malignancy with late-onset lupus in this series is noteworthy. PMID- 6600557 TI - Evaluation of new imaging procedures for breast cancer: proper process. PMID- 6600558 TI - Radiation: the risks and the benefits. PMID- 6600560 TI - Medical radiation risks and the public. PMID- 6600559 TI - Radiation: the risks and the benefits. A layman's perspective. PMID- 6600561 TI - Radiation and health risks: a bioethical perspective. PMID- 6600562 TI - Human investigation and informed consent. PMID- 6600563 TI - Perception of risk/behavioral perspective. PMID- 6600564 TI - Radiation risk and public education. PMID- 6600565 TI - Clinically applicable gated cardiac computed tomography. PMID- 6600566 TI - Catheterization of thrombosed arteries for intraarterial cancer treatment. PMID- 6600567 TI - A simple catheter connector clamp. PMID- 6600569 TI - High-frequency x-ray generators: calls for rejoicing and concern. PMID- 6600568 TI - A simplified method for placement of internal ureteral stents. PMID- 6600570 TI - Barium evacuation in Hirschsprung disease. PMID- 6600571 TI - Mammographic visualization of deep lesions of the breast. PMID- 6600572 TI - Biliary cystadenoma. PMID- 6600573 TI - Subcarinal angle with pericardial effusion. PMID- 6600574 TI - Effect of coronary artery bypass grafting on subsequent hospitalization. AB - The rates of hospitalization during follow-up for a matched pair cohort of medically and surgically treated patients from the Angiography Registry of Seattle Heart Watch were compared. Medically and surgically treated patients were matched according to extent of disease, left ventricular ejection fraction, age, and 3 other survival rate-related characteristics. There was a 26% reduction in cardiovascular hospitalizations in the surgically treated patients (19%/year) compared with the medically treated patients (26%/year). This was due to a significant reduction in hospitalization rate for myocardial infarction (surgically treated patients 1.1%/year, medically treated patients 2.6%/year), and for other cardiovascular reasons (surgically treated patients 12.5%/year, medically treated patients 15.7%/year). No significant (p = 0.146) reduction occurred in hospitalization rate for chest pain not due to myocardial infarction (surgically treated patients 5.6%/year, medically treated patients 7.7%/year). When the perioperative infarctions are included for the surgical cohort, the overall myocardial infarction rate is not significantly different (p = 0.173) between the 2 treatment groups (surgically treated patients 1.9%/year, medically treated patients 2.6%/year). Acute myocardial infarction was an uncommon reason for hospitalization, accounting for only 8% (55 of 685) of all cardiovascular hospitalizations, and was not related to the number of stenotic vessels in medically treated patients. PMID- 6600575 TI - Comparative rates of resolution of QRS changes after operative and nonoperative acute myocardial infarcts. AB - An independently developed and previously validated QRS scoring system for estimating myocardial infarct size has been used to compare the development and regression of changes associated with myocardial infarcts occurring in 2 different clinical settings. It is known that QRS changes suggesting myocardial infarction occur after coronary artery bypass grafting. This study compares the magnitudes and time courses of these QRS changes in 40 patients with the QRS changes observed in a control group of 46 patients with nonoperative acute myocardial infarcts. Only patients in both groups who had a baseline electrocardiogram (ECG) with no evidence of previous myocardial infarcts, ventricular hypertrophy, or bundle branch block were included. Both groups attained similar peak QRS scores during the acute phase but different rates of resolution of scores were observed. During the subsequent 2 months, regression of QRS changes occurred more rapidly in the perioperative group than in the control group (43 versus 19%). Rates of regression were similar in both groups during the remainder of the follow-up period, attaining total decreases of 62% in the operative group and 37% in the nonoperative group by 18 months. These results could mean either that factors other than acute infarction are responsible for the perioperative QRS changes or that the infarct healing process in the 2 clinical settings are quite different. PMID- 6600576 TI - Surgery for coronary heart disease due to mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki disease). Report of 6 patients. AB - Early and late surgical results in 6 patients with coronary heart disease secondary to mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MLNS) (Kawasaki disease) are presented. There were 5 male patients and 1 female patient, ranging in age from 2.5 to 26 years at the time of operation. They had severe coronary artery narrowings, obstructions, and aneurysms with or without mitral regurgitation. Previous myocardial infarction was documented in 5 patients. Aortocoronary bypass grafting utilizing the autologous saphenous vein was performed in 5 patients; in the remaining patient, mitral valve replacement was carried out. No operative or late deaths have been encountered. A long-term bypass graft patency was demonstrated in patients aged 26, 17, and 10 years with resulting clinical, angiographic, or scintigraphic improvements, or a combination of these. However, the graft that had been patent in a 4-year-old boy was found completely obstructed 3 years after surgery without any symptomatic changes. The formation of rich collateral channels was found. The risk of saphenous vein graft closure may be high in young growing children. In older children or adolescents, however, coronary vein bypass grafting for this specific inflammatory coronary artery lesion has been effective with long-term graft patency. Severe mitral regurgitation is also an indication for surgery, but poor left ventricular function associated with mitral regurgitation, probably secondary to myocarditis, persists after surgery and may give rise to future problems. PMID- 6600577 TI - Electrophysiologic studies before and after myocardial revascularization in patients with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. AB - Electrophysiologic studies with programmed cardiac stimulation were performed in a selected group of 17 patients with severe proximal coronary artery disease involving at least 2 major vessels and left ventricular ejection fractions greater than 30% who were undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery after prehospital cardiac arrest or ventricular tachycardia (VT) unassociated with acute myocardial infarction. Before surgery and without antiarrhythmic drug therapy, programmed cardiac stimulation induced ventricular fibrillation (VF) in 4 patients, and VT (greater than or equal to 5 beats) in 11 patients. Inducible VT or VF was suppressed by antiarrhythmic drugs in 7 of 13 patients in whom they were tried. Patients underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery unassociated with perioperative myocardial infarction. When studied again an average of 19 days after surgery, 10 patients had no inducible VT or VF without antiarrhythmic drug therapy; 6 had induced VT. One patient had spontaneous VT. An effective antiarrhythmic regimen that suppressed inducible or spontaneous VT, or both, was defined by serial electrophysiologic studies in 4 patients, whereas 3 patients continued to manifest electrically inducible VT with all antiarrhythmic regimens tested. All but 1 patient, in whom postoperative VT could not be suppressed, are free of arrhythmias after a mean follow-up period of 23 months (range 6 to 53). It is concluded that myocardial revascularization alone may improve the abnormal electrophysiologic findings in certain patients; however, this effect of coronary artery bypass graft surgery is unpredictable, and pre- and postoperative electrophysiologic studies are recommended as part of the evaluation of these patients. PMID- 6600578 TI - Cutaneous lymphomas: correlation of histochemical and immunohistochemical characteristics and clinicopathologic features. AB - Twenty-four cases of cutaneous lymphomas were classified as T-cell (18 cases), B cell (three cases), and true histiocytic (three cases), on the basis of the histochemical and immunohistochemical characteristics. Important differences in clinical and histopathologic features exist among these three types: skin lesions of T-cell lymphoma are usually chronic, pruritic, and sometimes ulcerative; those of B-cell lymphoma are nonpruritic and nonulcerative; lesions of true histiocytic lymphoma are often pruritic and ulcerative. All three patients with true histiocytic lymphoma died within six months of diagnosis. Two of the three patients with B-cell lymphoma died within two years of diagnosis. Only two of the 18 patients with T-cell lymphoma died, one after 12 years and the other after six years. Histologically, B-cell lymphoma shows a grenz zone in the upper dermis and absence of epidermal involvement; both T-cell and true histiocytic lymphomas show epidermal infiltration and absence of a grenz zone. True histiocytic lymphoma can appear similar to T-cell lymphoma clinically and histologically by routine examination, but histiocytic lymphoma has a much worse prognosis. Histochemical and immunohistochemical studies are very helpful in the differential diagnosis. PMID- 6600579 TI - Erythromycin in treatment of Campylobacter enteritis in children. AB - Erythromycin ethylsuccinate therapy was compared with no treatment in a randomized, prospective trial of treatment of Campylobacter enteritis in infants and children. Patients received either erythromycin ethylsuccinate (N = 15), 40 mg/kg/day every six hours, for seven days or no treatment (N = 12). The mean age (5.5 v 3.7 years), sex ratio, and mean duration of illness before admission to study (5.5 v 6.4 days) of the two groups were similar. No difference was noted in the mean days to resolution of diarrhea (3.2 v 3.8 days). However, the mean duration of bacterial shedding was shorter in the treatment group (2.0 days) compared with the group without treatment (16.8 days). Bacteriologic relapse occurred in one patient in the treatment group, and three relapses occurred in the group without treatment. Two secondary cases occurred among household contacts, one in each group. PMID- 6600580 TI - Massive hemorrhage from benign solitary ulcer of the rectum. AB - A case of massive hemorrhage from benign nonspecific ulcer of the rectum necessitating operative intervention is reported. A 42-yr-old woman developed massive hemorrhage from a benign ulcer of the rectum. At laparotomy, a pedunculated fibroid was found to be pressing on the rectum at the site of the ulcer. After hysterectomy and double-barrel colostomy, bleeding ceased and the ulcer healed. The colostomy was closed 3 months later and the patient has remained asymptomatic for 5 yr. PMID- 6600581 TI - Clinical significance of anti-Sm antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Case records of 34 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were analyzed. Twelve patients had both anti-DNA and anti-Sm antibodies (Group I) and 22 had anti-DNA antibodies only (Group II). The disease patterns were comparable, except for (1) cutaneous vasculitis, which was observed in six of 12 patients in Group I and one of 22 in Group II (p less than 0.01); (2) pulmonary manifestations, nine of 12 in Group I and two of 22 in Group II (p less than 0.001); (3) cardiac manifestations, eight of 12 in Group I and four of 22 in Group II (p less than 0.01); and (4) renal biopsy, which showed milder lesions in Group I than in Group II (p less than 0.05). Evolution was fatal in four patients in Group I and in none in Group II. It is suggested that in SLE, the presence of anti-Sm antibody is associated with a much higher incidence of vasculitis, resulting in peculiar visceral manifestations, which can be poorly responsive to therapy. Whether there is a direct association between anti-Sm antibody and vasculitis or whether the common denominator is a genetic selection remains to be determined. PMID- 6600582 TI - Antibodies to native DNA and serum complement (C3) levels. Application to diagnosis and classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The sensitivity and specificity of the presence of antibodies to native DNA and low serum C3 levels were investigated in a prospective study in 98 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who were followed for a mean of 38.4 months. Hospitalized patients, patients with other connective tissue diseases, and subjects without any disease served as the control group. Seventy-two percent of the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus had a high DNA-binding value (more than 33 percent) initially, and an additional 20 percent had a high DNA-binding value later in the course of the illness. Similarly, C3 levels were low (less than 81 mg/100 ml) in 38 percent of the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus initially and in 66 percent of the patients at any time during the study. High DNA-binding and low C3 levels each showed extremely high predictive value (94 percent) for the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus when applied in a patient population in which that diagnosis was considered. The presence of both abnormalities was 100 percent correct in predicting the diagnosis os systemic lupus erythematosus. Both tests should be included in future criteria for the diagnosis and classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6600583 TI - Risk for liver disease in adults with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. AB - Risk for the development of liver disease was estimated in 115 adults with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, most of whom were of PI type (protease inhibitor type) Z. Seventy-one subjects were ascertained through their disease; 44 were ascertained independently of disease. A low concentration of serum prealbumin was sensitive in detecting impaired liver function and may indicate functioning cell mass, a different parameter than is measured by liver enzymes. Liver disease has usually been considered rare in adults with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. However, the risk for the development of liver disease was relatively high for men between 51 and 60 years of age. The risk for women was lower than that for men. Our study indicates that a periodic assessment of liver function may be warranted for patients with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency who are over 40 years of age. PMID- 6600584 TI - Predictors of survival in subjects with chronic airflow limitation. AB - In a study of chronic airflow limitation, we followed 140 subjects living in Utah at altitudes of 1,300 to 1,500 meters for seven to 13 years. Twelve-year survival probabilities were determined and compared with an age- and sex-matched Utah population. The lowest 12-year survival probability was 0.40 for those patients with a forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) of less than or equal to 0.40, indicating that there is much variability in survival. Other indicators of a lower survival probability (and increased death risk ratio) were an FEV1 percent predicted less than or equal to 50, an FEV1 less than or equal to 1.5 liters, male gender, partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) [exercise] less than or equal to 50 mm Hg, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) [rest] greater than 39 mm Hg, PCO2 (exercise) greater than 39 mm Hg, FVC percent predicted less than or equal to 80, PO2 (rest) less than or equal to 55 mm Hg, and a carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO) percent predicted less than or equal to 80. Current smokers had a poorer survival probability than the reference population and an increased death risk when compared with the nonsmokers in the study. Pack/years of smoking also affected survival. Other variables associated with reduced survival were a diagnosis of chronic bronchitis combined with emphysema, more rapid annual declines in the FEV1 and/or FVC, low alpha 1-antitrypsin levels, a 20 percent improvement in FEV1 following the use of a bronchodilator aerosol, and a lower socioeconomic class. Differences between these findings and those noted in other studies are in the main due to differences in the characteristics (such as age, diagnosis, and extent of disease) of the patients in the study populations. The findings have relevance in estimating a patient's prognosis and for developing guidelines for disability determination purposes. PMID- 6600586 TI - Clinical specular microscopy of posterior polymorphous endothelial dystrophy. AB - By means of clinical specular microscopy in 27 patients with posterior polymorphous corneal endothelial dystrophy diagnosed by slit lamp examination and 26 relatives with normal findings by slit-lamp and specular microscopic examinations, we identified two clinical and specular microscopic patterns of posterior polymorphous dystrophy. (1) The localized vesicular or band pattern consisted of clear corneas with localized lesions resembling craters that were lined by abnormal cells and surrounded by enlarged, pleomorphic cells. (2) The geographic pattern was associated with Descemet's membrane haze and deep stromal haze, occasional peripheral iridocorneal adhesions, and glaucoma. By specular microscopy, this type had large, well circumscribed areas of abnormal pleomorphic cells with indistinct borders and increased reflective highlights. These areas were surrounded by normal-sized and smaller polygonal cells. The former cells appear to represent epithelial cells and the latter endothelial cells. PMID- 6600585 TI - Effects of phenytoin on man's immunity. Evaluation of changes in serum immunoglobulins, complement, and antinuclear antibody. AB - To determine the effects of phenytoin on serum immunoglobulins, complement, and antinuclear antibody conversion, a prospective, five-year longitudinal study was undertaken in 118 patients. Three major diagnostic groups were evaluated: 27 patients with idiopathic epilepsy, 50 with secondary epilepsy, and 41 with neuropathic syndromes without epilepsy. In addition, 83 normal volunteers were studied in a similar manner. Evaluations were performed prior to administration of phenytoin and at six-month intervals thereafter. Prior to treatment, patients with idiopathic epilepsy had a higher than expected incidence (13.5 percent, p less than 0.01) of low serum IgA (less than 61 mg/dl). Patients with secondary epilepsy and neuropathic disorders without epilepsy had a greater than expected incidence (9.2 percent, p less than 0.01; and 12 percent, p less than 0.01, respectively) of high serum IgA (greater than 417 mg/dl). Phenytoin treatment was associated with further decreases in serum IgA in patients with idiopathic epilepsy (p = 0.063) and secondary epilepsy (p = 0.008). Total serum IgE concentrations also decreased significantly in all patient categories during treatment with phenytoin. Minor decreases in serum IgG and IgM were noted, but serum IgD and complement remained unaffected. Antinuclear antibodies were observed with essentially the same frequency (10 percent) before and after phenytoin therapy. PMID- 6600587 TI - Long-term follow-up after a distal splenorenal shunt procedure. A clinical and hemodynamic study. AB - Of 26 patients who underwent distal splenorenal shunting 4 or more years ago (1969 to 1978), 10 died 3 to 87 months postoperatively (mean 38.5 months). Six deaths were due to liver failure, two to hemorrhagic peptic ulcer disease (the shunt remained patent in each patient), one to brain hemorrhage, and one to sepsis. Eight of the surviving patients resumed professional activity, one showed transient signs of encephalopathy, one had a single episode of recurrent variceal bleeding that could be managed conservatively, and no patient had ascites. Eight patients were investigated angiographically and endoscopically. Preoperative and postoperative measurements of the portal vein showed a decreased diameter in five patients and no opacification in the other three 29 to 97 months after surgery. At endoscopy four patients had small residual esophageal varices, one patient had none, and the other three had large varicosities with variceal pressures between 30 and 40 cm H2O in two and above 40 cm H2O in one. Although the incidence of postoperative encephalopathy and variceal bleeding was low after distal splenorenal shunting, the operation did not prevent a decrease in hepatopetal portal flow and did not always abolish the esophageal varices. PMID- 6600588 TI - Delayed splenic rupture in a cirrhotic. AB - We present the case of a young alcoholic with a history of mesocaval shunt for variceal bleeding who presented in hypovolemic shock three weeks following an auto accident. He was initially assumed to have recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding, but instead proved to have delayed rupture of the spleen. PMID- 6600589 TI - Tension pneumoperitoneum and gastric rupture following cardiopulmonary resuscitation. AB - Inadvertent esophageal intubation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation following aortocoronary bypass grafting resulted in gastric rupture and tension pneumoperitoneum in a 65-year-old patient. Rapid hemodynamic deterioration necessitated emergency laparotomy with successful repair of the gastric rupture. The patient's recovery was uneventful, and he was doing well at six months follow up. Awareness of this unusual complication may lead to early recognition and successful treatment. PMID- 6600590 TI - General surgical complications following cardiac surgery. AB - During the five-year period ending July 1981, 3,200 patients underwent cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass at the Medical College of Virginia. Twenty-five patients (0.8%) experienced general surgical complications. Gastrointestinal bleeding was the most common complication encountered. The overall mortality of 24% compares favorably with other reported series. General surgical complications following cardiac surgery are serious and may be caused by aggravation of pre-existing disease, hypoperfusion, stress, or a combination of all three. Although intensive nonoperative therapy may be effective, early reoperation is recommended when nonoperative measures fail. PMID- 6600591 TI - The porcine bioprosthesis. A review of 1,000 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement. AB - Early and late experience with 1,000 patients undergoing porcine xenograft replacement of cardiac valves from 1974 through 1981 at Emory University Hospital is presented. Hemodynamic performance of the modified orifice Hancock and the Carpentier-Edwards valves has been quite satisfactory. There has been a low incidence of thromboembolism in the absence of routine anticoagulation. Less than 20 per cent of our patients are anticoagulated long-term, the primary indication being chronic artrial fibrillation. Endocarditis has developed in 0.7 per cent of patients, an incidence comparing most favorably with that of mechanical prostheses. Valve dysfunction secondary to primary tissue failure is a definite problem. The highest incidence of tissue failure occurred in young patients after six years of implantation. Detailed analysis of long-term patient survival showed a low incidence of valve related deaths. The porcine xenograft is a satisfactory prosthesis for cardiac valve replacement. Our data suggests its use should be limited to older patients or to patients in whom anticoagulation is contraindicated. It should be explained to all patients that long-term durability is unknown and that re-replacement of these bioprostheses within a decade is quite likely. PMID- 6600592 TI - The human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus, lymphoma, lytic bone lesions, and hypercalcemia. AB - The human T-cell lymphoma (HTL) virus is a type C RNA tumor virus isolated from patients with malignancies of mature T cells. We report three patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma, hypercalcemia, and antibodies to HTL virus. One patient presented with idiopathic hypercalcemia of 6 months' duration, two with striking lytic bone lesions, and two with circulating malignant lymphocytes. Malignant cells from all patients had surface markers characteristic of thymic derived lymphocytes (T cells), and all patients had natural serum antibodies to disrupted HTL virus and to one or both viral structural proteins p19 and p24. Patients with adult peripheral T-cell lymphomas, particularly those that present with hypercalcemia and lytic bone lesions, may have antibodies to the type C RNA human tumor virus, HTL virus. PMID- 6600593 TI - Sjogren's syndrome: association of anti-Ro(SS-A) antibodies with vasculitis, hematologic abnormalities, and serologic hyperreactivity. AB - The clinical significance of autoantibodies to Ro(SS-A) and La(SS-B) in Sjogren's syndrome was examined in a retrospective evaluation of 75 patients with symptoms of the sicca complex who had either primary Sjogren's syndrome or Sjogren's syndrome associated with another connective tissue disease. The clinical, hematologic, and serologic features associated with autoantibodies to the small molecular weight ribonucleoproteins Ro(SS-A) and La(SS-B) were ascertained. A striking clinical association of anti-Ro(SS-A) antibodies (found in 33 patients) with extraglandular disease (vasculitis, purpura, and lymphadenopathy) was seen. Hematologic abnormalities (anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia) were also associated with the presence of anti-Ro(SS-A) antibodies. Furthermore, anti-Ro(SS A) antibody was associated with hyperglobulinemia, increased serologic reactivity in terms of rheumatoid and antinuclear factors, cryoglobulinemia, and hypocomplementemia. The presence of anti-Ro(SS-A) antibodies defines a subset of patients with Sjogren's syndrome who have systemic clinical manifestations including vasculitis, hematologic abnormalities, and serologic hyperreactivity. PMID- 6600594 TI - Cellulitis and coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 6600595 TI - Immune complexes in middle ear fluid in chronic secretory otitis media. AB - Data on 87 patients (113 ears) with chronic secretory otitis media (SOM) are reported. The bacteriological analysis of the middle ear fluid (MEF) revealed Streptococcus pneumoniae in 7% of ears, Hemophilus influenzae in 9%, opportunistic bacteria in 20%, while 64% of the samples showed no growth. Free capsular polysaccharide pneumococcal antigens were found in 5% of the MEF samples using counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) with Omniserum containing 83 different pneumococcal polysaccharide types. Heating of the samples to disrupt the immune complexes increased the frequency of positive samples to 27%. These findings, together with the frequent occurrence of S pneumoniae and H influenzae in the nasopharynx, strongly support the opinion that chronic SOM in a considerable number of cases is an immune complex disease. PMID- 6600596 TI - Histiocytosis X in two adults. Treatment with topical mechlorethamine. AB - Two adult patients with skin lesions typical of histiocytosis X were treated topically with mechlorethamine hydrochloride. In the patient whose disease was limited to the skin, a sustained remission was induced, but in the patient with extensive systemic disease, cutaneous remission lasted only six weeks. PMID- 6600597 TI - Dermatitis at vein graft site. PMID- 6600598 TI - Familial occurrence of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and Weber-Christian disease. AB - Severe panniculitis of the Weber-Christian type occurred in two brothers, both with marked alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) deficiency and phenotype PiZZ. Studies of inflammatory and immunologic function were undertaken in these two patients as well as in a third brother with severe alpha 1-AT deficiency but without Weber-Christian disease. The findings of these investigations were suggestive of exaggerated immunologic and inflammatory function with enhanced lymphocyte responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin, enhanced activation of neutrophils and monocytes, and accelerated delayed hypersensitivity responses in all three subjects. This hyperreactivity may explain the apparent association of alpha 1-AT deficiency with Weber-Christian disease. PMID- 6600599 TI - Ipsilateral deafness and herpes zoster ophthalmicus. AB - Three cases of ipsilateral deafness occurred in association with herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Although our review of the literature did not disclose any identical cases, we believe that this complication may not be rare. If vertigo, tinnitus, abnormal auditory sensations, or ear pain occur with herpes zoster of any cranial nerve, an audiogram is indicated immediately to detect possible hearing loss. There is no known satisfactory treatment for sudden deafness due to herpes zoster infection. PMID- 6600600 TI - Hyperparathyroidism in the elderly. AB - Primary hyperparathyroidism was studied in a well-defined geriatric population of 1129 individuals during a three-month interval. Primary hyperparathyroidism was diagnosed in 1.5%. The diagnosis was based on a morphologic and biochemic basis. From clinical material consisting of 400 patients treated surgically for primary hyperparathyroidism during a ten-year period, 158 patients (38%) above the age of 64 were studied. At the preoperative evaluation, neuromuscular symptoms were present in 80%, renal insufficiency and kidney stones in each 16%, constipation and/or anorexia in 38%. Ten per cent were considered asymptomatic. In 80% the primary hyperparathyroidism was caused by a solitary adenoma. Ninety-four per cent became normocalcemic following the operation. Consistent hypocalcemia requiring vitamin-D treatment occurred in 3%, and 2% had a persisting hypercalcemia or later recurrence. The therapeutic effect on the neuromuscular symptoms, constipation, anorexia, and renal stone formation was considered good or fair in most of the cases. Primary hyperparathyroidism in the elderly occurs with a high prevalence. It can be treated successfully by surgical therapy with a low cost of morbidity, mortality, and medical care. PMID- 6600601 TI - Acute renal failure associated with increased intra-abdominal pressure. AB - Anuric renal failure developed in four patients in association with increased intra-abdominal pressure from postoperative hemorrhage. Polyuria and resolution of the renal failure occurred in each patient in response to operative decompression of the abdomen. Renal failure secondary to increased intra abdominal pressure has been previously produced experimentally in dogs by the intraperitoneal installation of graded amounts of saline. This is the first report of this type of renal failure in clinical practice. PMID- 6600602 TI - Surgical therapy for a complication of Kawasaki's disease. AB - Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MLNS), or Kawasaki's disease, affects thousands of infants and children each year and is associated with a high incidence of coronary artery aneurysm, which may lead to subsequent myocardial infarction. Successful use of the right subclavian-axillary artery to bypass a thrombosed aneurysm of the left anterior descending coronary artery is documented angiographically and forms the basis of this report. A management plan for MLNS patients is proposed. PMID- 6600603 TI - Reoperation for stenotic saphenous vein bypass grafts without cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Recurrent myocardial ischemia on the basis of proximal stenosis of saphenous vein coronary artery bypass grafts is being seen with increasing frequency. To decrease the risk of morbidity and mortality attendant on reoperation for this condition, a new technique has been used that avoids extensive dissection and cardiopulmonary bypass. This report describes successful application of the technique in 3 patients. PMID- 6600604 TI - Pacemaker inhibition. PMID- 6600605 TI - Depressed thyroid indexes associated with occupational exposure to inorganic lead. AB - The finding of low values for serum thyroxine and estimated free thyroxine in seven of 12 workers referred because of elevated blood lead levels (greater than 40 mg/L) prompted further investigation. In a cross-sectional study of workers at a small foundry, both measurements were found to regress negatively with blood lead level. In 12 of 47 subjects, both indexes were in the hypothyroid range. Serum thyrotropin and triiodothyronine levels in patients and study subjects with low indexes were all normal. Physical examinations failed to demonstrate the classic features of hypothyroidism. These data are compatible with a central depression of the thyroid axis or an alteration in thyroxine metabolism or binding to proteins. Irrespective of mechanism, the association between low thyroid indexes and elevated lead levels merits attention because of the large number of workers exposed to lead and the similarities between the clinical features of adult lead poisoning and hypothyroidism. PMID- 6600606 TI - Histiocytosis X (Langerhans' cell histiocytosis). Prognostic role of histopathology. AB - Histiocytosis X (HX) follows a variable course from the self-limited eosinophilic granuloma (EG) to the aggressive disseminated disease in infants. Some classifications place EG in a well-differentiated category and the disseminated infantile form in a morphologically atypical group. However, criteria for determining prognosis from biopsy material have not received widespread acceptance. We retrospectively reviewed 51 cases of HX, emphasizing the cytological atypia and mitotic activity of the Langerhans' histiocytes, as well as the presence of other parameters. Ten patients died. We were unable to predict clinical outcome from the histopathological findings. Some cases of EG showed mild atypia and high proliferative rates while some fatal disseminated cases had a bland appearance. The prognosis is best predicted by clinical parameters. The findings favor HX being a reactive, nonneoplastic proliferation of the Langerhans' cells. PMID- 6600607 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Analysis of 92 cases using the 'international' classification. AB - Ninety-two non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in which cell-surface-marker studies were done were classified according to the "international" classification. Relationships among immunologic phenotypes and classification categories were evaluated. Although several categories were homogeneous for immunologic cell type, others were heterogeneous. The latter were found among the diffuse lymphomas and especially those of mixed-cell type. No histological feature other than a follicular architecture, proved to be specific to or exclusive of B, T, or non-B non-T tumors. Since adequate diagnostic classification requires both morphological classification and immunologic classification based on cell-surface marker techniques, provision for such studies should be made in the case of any biopsy specimen in which malignant lymphoma is suspected. Such studies may also assist in distinguishing large-cell lymphoma from undifferentiated carcinoma and malignant lymphoma from atypical lymphoproliferative processes. PMID- 6600608 TI - Ultrasound abuse: case report. PMID- 6600609 TI - Presence of circulating immune complexes in patients with peripheral corneal disease. AB - Seventeen patients with peripheral corneal thinning and ulcers (four with Mooren's corneal ulcer, five with Terrien's marginal degeneration, and eight with collagen vascular disease) were tested for immune complexes in their serum. Circulating immune complexes, measured by Raji cell and C1q binding assays, were compared with levels in serum samples from normal controls and seven patients with staphylococcal marginal corneal ulcers. Comparison with normal controls showed significantly higher levels of circulating immune complexes in patients with collagen disease by the C1q binding assay and in patients with Mooren's ulcer by the Raji cell assay. Circulating immune complexes may play a role in the pathogenesis of Mooren's ulcer and marginal ulceration in the presence of collagen vascular disease. Their presence, however, may represent an epiphenomenon nonspecifically associated with corneal ulceration. PMID- 6600610 TI - Lateral subluxation of the cervical spine in psoriatic arthritis: a proposed mechanism. PMID- 6600611 TI - Induction of fibroblast proliferation by human mononuclear leukocyte-derived proteins. AB - Human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes stimulated by T cell antigen or mitogen release soluble factors that induce mitogenesis of dermal fibroblasts in vitro. Fractionation of supernatants from antigen-stimulated mononuclear leukocyte cultures by Sephadex G-100 yielded 2 major peaks of fibroblast proliferation activity (approximately 60,000 and approximately 16,000 MW). Both proliferation factors are heat stable (56 degrees C for 45 minutes) proteins. These data show that mononuclear leukocytes, under appropriate conditions, can release soluble mediators that can stimulate fibroblast proliferation; such leukocytes may also play a role in expanding fibroblast populations adjacent to certain cell-mediated immune reactions in vivo. PMID- 6600612 TI - Familial systemic lupus erythematosus in males. AB - Several families in which systemic lupus erythematosus predominates in males are presented. The disease primarily manifested itself in the sons and in the male parents. Females in some of the families had other autoimmune diseases such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura or symptoms suggestive of a lupus diathesis. It is suggested that the sons inherited the disease from their fathers in these families. The disease in the patients had some similarity to the disease in BXSB mice. PMID- 6600613 TI - Relationship of clinical findings in systemic lupus erythematosus to seroreactivity. AB - We have characterized 52 consecutive patients fulfilling 4 or more of the American Rheumatism Association criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus in order to provide, for the first time, a homogeneous sample for statistical comparison of antinuclear antibody (ANA)-positive and ANA-negative groups. Ten patients (19%) were seronegative. There was no significant difference in age, disease activity, organ system involvement, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, immune complex levels, or C3 levels. The ANA-negative group showed a higher incidence of involvement for whites and men. Leukopenia, lower levels of antibody to DNA, and higher C4 levels were also characteristic of the ANA-negative group. PMID- 6600614 TI - Clinical features of patients with antibodies directed against proliferating cell nuclear antigen. AB - The clinical and serologic features of 7 patients whose sera contained antibodies directed against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (anti-PCNA) were studied. Five of the patients had systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 1 had idiopathic diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis, and 1 had seronegative arthritis. In a study of various rheumatic diseases, anti-PCNA was found in 2% of SLE sera but was not found in the sera of 100 rheumatoid arthritis patients, 20 mixed connective tissue disease patients, or 50 diffuse scleroderma patients. Patients with anti-PCNA had no history of hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, or pleuro-pericarditis. Evidence that the production of anti-PCNA antibodies is sensitive to corticosteroid therapy is also presented. PMID- 6600615 TI - The natural disease course of ankylosing spondylitis. AB - One hundred fifty war veterans with ankylosing spondylitis were entered into a prospective study in 1947. In 1957, 142 were traced, and they have been reviewed periodically. Eighty-one of these patients were still alive in 1980. Information was obtained from 67 (83%) of the survivors and 51 were reexamined. This report is based on the clinical findings in these 51 patients, who have a mean disease duration of 38 years. Forty-seven (92%) were functioning well. The disease in 21 (41%) had progressed to cause severe spinal restriction. Of those, 12 had peripheral joint involvement early in their course and 9 had iritis. Seventy-four percent of the patients who had mild spinal restriction after 10 years did not progress to having more severe restriction. Eighty-one percent of the patients who had severe spinal restriction in 1980 were severely restricted within the first 10 years. Hips that were normal after 10 years of disease did not become diseased subsequently. This study suggests that a predictable pattern of ankylosing spondylitis emerges within the first 10 years of the disease. PMID- 6600616 TI - Neonatal lupus erythematosus with heart block: family study of a patient with anti-SS-A and SS-B antibodies. PMID- 6600617 TI - Abnormal skeletal and dental growth in epileptic children. PMID- 6600618 TI - T lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of patients with benign and malignant breast disease. PMID- 6600619 TI - Cell-cell interactions in the regulation of erythropoiesis. PMID- 6600620 TI - Bone marrow fibroblast function in relation to granulopoiesis in aplastic anaemia. AB - Fibroblasts grown from the bone marrow of normal individuals and incubated with colony-stimulating factor (CSF) enhance the stimulating activity of this CSF on granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cell (GM-CFC) proliferation. For this study, the ability of fibroblast monolayers grown from the marrows of six patients with severe aplastic anaemia to increase the activity of CSF has been compared with the activity of normal fibroblasts. Tests of this function showed subnormal CSF-enhancing activity by fibroblasts grown from the marrows of three of the six aplastic patients. Since cultured bone marrow fibroblasts are thought to represent an important component of the haemopoietic microenvironment, the results suggest that some of the patients had a microenvironmental abnormality at the time of study. One of the patients whose fibroblasts were abnormal was reinvestigated after he had been given a graft of allogeneic bone marrow cells. His post-graft fibroblast function was normal, showing that the abnormality was reversible. PMID- 6600621 TI - Antibodies against platelet membrane glycoproteins. III. Effect on thrombin-and bovine Von Willebrand factor-induced aggregation. AB - Glycocalicin has been proposed as the common platelet receptor for both ristocetin-human VIIIR:WF and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Platelets which have lost glycocalicin do not respond to either ristocetin-human VIIIR:WF or bovine VIIIR:WF. Using antibodies to the platelet membrane glycoproteins Ia and Ib, IIb and IIIa, and glycocalicin we show that the Fab' fragments of anti glycoproteins Ia and Ib and anti-glycocalicin IgG totally inhibited bovine VIIIR:WF-induced platelet aggregation, while those from anti-glycoproteins IIb and IIIa IgG were without effect. Thrombin-induced platelet aggregation was strongly inhibited by the Fab' fragments of anti-glycoproteins Ia and Ib IgG and anti-glycocalicin IgG, indicating that these glycoproteins play a major role in thrombin-platelet interaction. Fab' fragments of anti-glycoproteins IIb and IIIa IgG inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation to a lesser extent implying that these glycoproteins are also somehow involved in the platelet response to thrombin perhaps as fibrinogen receptors. The data presented here give further support to the proposal that ristocetin-human VIIIR:WF and bovine VIIIR:WF share a common receptor on the platelet surface and indicate that this structure plays an important role in thrombin-induced platelet responses. PMID- 6600622 TI - Antenatal biochemical screening to predict low birthweight infants. AB - Urine and plasma oestriol, plasma progesterone, human placental lactogen, beta 1 glycoprotein and serum cystyl aminopeptidase were measured at intervals during 608 pregnancies. The predictive accuracy of low values for identification of pregnancies with low birthweight outcomes was assessed for each test at various gestations. Data were analysed to obtain 10th-90th centile values for each test from 28 weeks to delivery. Groups with values under different centile levels were compared: those under the lower centiles had higher proportions but smaller absolute numbers of low birthweight infants than those under higher centiles. No test was superior to the others at all centiles and gestations. Biochemical screening of pregnant populations to identify high-risk groups for intensive fetal monitoring has limited potential. If screening is used, the definition of high-risk groups is best achieved by practical rather than statistical criteria. If monitoring facilities are available and well accepted by patients then higher centile 'cut-offs' to define fetal risk may be used than when they are not. Combining any pair of tests with values below the 10th centile did not reduce false positive and negative predictions any more than could be achieved by movement of centiles up or down for a single test. PMID- 6600623 TI - Serum protein pattern in normal pregnancy with special reference to acute-phase reactants. AB - The concentrations of acute-phase protein reactants, total protein, albumin and globulin fractions were measured throughout normal pregnancy in 27 women. alpha 1 Antitrypsin and caeruloplasmin concentrations increased gradually to reach their highest levels in the third trimester. Orosomucoid and haptoglobin showed similar patterns: higher levels in the first and third trimester with a decline around 24 weeks gestation. C-Reactive protein showed levels similar to those of non pregnant healthy individuals (less than 5 mg/l) throughout pregnancy. alpha 1-, alpha 2- and beta-Globulin concentrations increased from the first trimester towards term. gamma-Globulin concentration changed little during gestation. The data obtained provide reference ranges for serum proteins in healthy pregnancy. PMID- 6600624 TI - Two forms of intermediates of frog rhodopsin in rod outer segments. AB - Using frog rod outer segments, we measured changes of the absorption spectrum during the conversion of rhodopsin to a photosteady-state mixture composed of rhodopsin, isorhodopsin and bathorhodopsin by irradiation with blue light (440 nm) at -190 degrees C and during the reversion of bathorhodopsin to a mixture of rhodopsin and isorhodopsin by irradiation with red light (718 nm) at -190 degrees C. The reaction kinetics was expressed by one exponential in the former case and by two exponentials in the latter. These results suggest that rhodopsin is composed of a single molecular species, while bathorhodopsin is composed of two kinds of molecular species designated as batho1-rhodopsin and batho2-rhodopsin. On warming the two forms of bathorhodopsin, each bathorhodopsin converted to its own lumirhodopsin, metarhodopsin I and finally a free all-trans-retinal plus opsin. The absorption spectra of the two forms of bathorhodopsin, lumirhodopsin and metarhodopsin I were measured at -190 degrees C. We infer that a rhodopsin molecule in the excited state relaxes to either batho1-rhodopsin or batho2 rhodopsin, and then converts to its own intermediates through one of the two parallel pathways. PMID- 6600625 TI - Normal and anomalous potential responses due to K+ changes in bullfrog antrum. AB - The effect of changing the K+ concentration in the bathing media was studied in the bullfrog antrum. Usually increasing K+ on the nutrient side in standard Cl- containing and Cl- -free solutions decreased the transmucosal potential difference (nutrient became more negative) - a normal effect. Similar results were obtained on the secretory side. Moreover, for K+ changes on the nutrient side in Cl- media, a plot of magnitude of delta V vs. log [K+] was linear for [K+] greater than 20 mM with slope of 27 mV per 10-fold change in [K+]. However, after bathing the mucosa in Cl- media with zero K+ for about 20 min, elevating the nutrient [K+] to 4 mM increased the potential difference (V) by 4.8 mV in 5 min and repeating the same sequence increased V by 6.9 mV in 5 min - both anomalous effects. Beyond 20 mM K+ the response was normal. In SO2-4 media, an anomalous potential difference of about 1 mV was obtained for changes from 0 to 3 or 6 mM nutrient K+. Ouabain (1 X 10(-3) M) in the nutrient solution abolished the anomalous response in Cl- and SO2-4 media. The normal response is attributed to passive, conductance pathways and the anomalous response because of the effect of ouabain, to a (Na+ + K+)-ATPase pump on the nutrient-facing membrane in which more Na+ than K+ ions are transported per cycle. PMID- 6600626 TI - Chemical studies on the isolated collagen-like and globular fragment of complement component C1q. Comparative studies on bovine and human C1q. AB - Both the collagen-like and the globular fragments of a subcomponent C1q of the first component of bovine and human complement were highly purified by enzymic digestion followed by gel filtration. Analyses by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the former was composed of covalently linked peptide chains with an average molecular weight of 14 000, and that the latter was composed of three non-covalently linked peptide chains each having a molecular weight of approximately 15 000. Great similarities between amino acid compositions of the globular fragments and some similarities between those of the collagen-like fragments were found. Moreover, great similarities of amino acid compositions were found among three non-covalently linked chains of each globular fragment as well as between the corresponding chains of both globular fragments. These results suggested that both the collagen-like and the globular domains on the C1q molecule remained highly conserved in its evolution. PMID- 6600627 TI - The relative effectiveness of guanidinium and some biguanide salts as denaturants. Assessment against penicillinase. AB - Penicillinase (penicillin amido-beta-lactamhydrolase, EC 3.5.2.6) has been used as a model for quantitating the effectiveness of several guanidine-derived denaturants. It was chosen because the mechanism of its denaturation by urea and guanidinium chloride has been worked out in detail, because it has a low thermodynamic stability bringing it in the range of weak denaturants, and because its denaturation can readily be followed by enzyme activity as well as by spectroscopic probes. Contrary to previous reports, biguanide HCl is found to be no more effective than guanidinium chloride. The denaturant effectiveness of the various compounds studied is found to increase in the order: guanidinium chloride identical to biguanide HCl less than propylbiguanide HCl less than hexylbiguanide HCl much less than n-decylbiguanide HCl. n-Decylbiguanide HCl is a particularly powerful denaturant, unfolding penicillinase at a concentration of less than 0.015 M. PMID- 6600628 TI - Subcomponents C1q of the first component of guinea pig and mouse complement. Comparative study of their asparagine-linked sugar chains. AB - Guinea pig and mouse C1q, subcomponents of the first component of complement, contained six asparagine-linked sugar chains on the C-terminal non-collagenous globular regions of each molecule. After N-acetylation and successive NaB3H4 reduction of asparagine-linked sugar chains liberated by hydrazinolysis, their structure was analysed by sequential exoglycosidase digestion in combination with sugar composition analyses. The sugar chains of C1q molecules of both animals were very similar and composed of the biantennary complex type sugar chains with the following outer chains in various combination is: (+/- NeuNAc alpha leads to)Gal beta 1 leads to GlcNAc beta 1 leads to and Gal beta 1 leads to Gal beta 1 leads to GlcNAc beta 1 leads to. These outer chain moieties were found to be linked to a common core structure of Man alpha 1 leads t o (Man alpha 1 leads to)Man beta 1 leads to GlcNAc beta 1 leads to (Fuc alpha 1 leads to)GlcNAc. PMID- 6600629 TI - Muscle contraction generates discrete sound bursts. AB - Isolated frog sartorius muscles were stimulated to shorten under lightly loaded conditions. A piezoelectric transducer was placed alongside the muscle to record sounds generated during contraction. Shortening was accompanied by the generation of a series of discrete sound bursts. The bursts were found to be moderately repeatable among successive contractions; 44% repeated from contraction to contraction. The duration of each sound burst was on the order of 400 mus, and the temperature dependence of the interval between successive bursts had a Q10 of approximately 2. Sound intensity was variable: average acoustic power ranged from 0.05-0.4 mW/g, or approximately 1% of the heat generated during contraction. The generation of discrete bursts of sound during contraction, rather than continuous sound, implies that contractile behavior may be discontinuous. PMID- 6600630 TI - [Effect of the joint use of BCG and antithymocyte serum on the growth of a syngeneic tumor in mice]. AB - The growth of the syngeneic tumor Acatol in BALB/c mice was retarded if the animals were pretreated with BCG or antilymphocyte serum (ATS). Combined use of BCG and ATS led to a significantly more powerful retardation as compared to the effect produced by each factor alone. Using the adoptive transfer of splenocytes from treated mice it was shown that tumor growth suppression is effected by the cell types other than T lymphocytes and macrophages. It is probable that the effector cells within the given system are K cells and natural killer cells. The results attest to a possibility of search for a two-directional action on the immune system of the tumor host, which would stimulate antitumor effector cells and inhibit the activity of suppressors, particularly that of T suppressors. PMID- 6600631 TI - Studies of T-lymphocytes in preleukemic disorders and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: in vitro radiosensitivity, mitogenic responsiveness, colony formation, and enumeration of lymphocytic subpopulations. AB - Tritiated thymidine incorporation in a whole blood lymphocyte stimulation test (LST) and lymphocyte colony formation (CFU-L) from whole blood were measured following in vitro x-irradiation. Lymphocytes from patients with myelodysplastic disorders, acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, and patients at increased risk for leukemia because of their primary disease and/or cytotoxic therapy were found to be significantly more sensitive to in vitro x-irradiation than lymphocytes from clinically normal individuals. Cloning efficiencies and mitogenic responsiveness of patient lymphocytes were significantly depressed as compared to normal values. Using monoclonal antibodies to specific surface markers, quantitative abnormalities in lymphocytic subpopulations from myelodysplastic patients also were observed. These findings are suggestive of a defect at the T-cell level that may directly or indirectly affect hematopoiesis. PMID- 6600632 TI - Pre-B-cells in normal human bone marrow and in bone marrow from patients with leukemia in remission: persistent quantitative differences and possible expression of cell surface IgM in vitro. AB - Pre-B-cells are bone marrow lymphoid cells that lack surface immunoglobulin (sIg ) but contain intracytoplasmic (c) IgM heavy chains and are probably the immediate precursors of immature sIgM+ B lymphocytes. To better understand early stages of B-cell development, immunofluorescence techniques were employed to identify pre-B-cells and B lymphocytes and to examine the expression of sIgM in vitro by human marrow that had been previously depleted of B cells by immunoadsorption. Marrow was derived from patients with acute leukemia in long term remission off therapy and from a variety of controls. The pre-B-cell compartment was greatly expanded in the marrow of leukemia remission patients for more than 2 yr following cessation of therapy. A similar finding was noted in two patients with lymphoma who had also completed chemotherapy, but not in three with solid tumors prior to therapy. sIgM+ B cells appeared in cultures of sIg- marrow cells from leukemia patients, but not the controls, and only after exposure to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). At least some of the sIgM+ lymphocytes also expressed cIgM and were probably derived from pre-B-cells. The results of this study (A) confirm that patients who have completed treatment for acute leukemia have a prolonged elevation of pre-B-cell proportions, (B) demonstrate that similar abnormalities may exist in patients with certain solid tumors following chemotherapy, and (C) suggest that a fraction of sIg- human marrow cells, perhaps pre-B-cells, bear a receptor for EBV and can be induced to express to sIgM in vitro. PMID- 6600633 TI - Characterization of human megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor in the urinary extracts from patients with aplastic anemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - Using procedures that were effective in the purification of human urinary erythropoietin (Epo), we attempted initial purification of megakaryocyte colony stimulating factors (CSF) in urinary extracts from patients with aplastic anemia (AA) and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Comparison of colony stimulation by purified human Epo and crude urinary extracts revealed: (1) that the pure Epo augments megakaryocyte colony formation in culture and (2) MEG-CSF activity is also present in materials other than Epo in the crude urinary extracts from the two types of patients. Similar to purification of Epo, ethanol precipitation and sulfopropyl-Sephadex chromatography provided twofold and threefold increases in the specific activity of MEG-CSF, respectively. In contrast to Epo, however, significant inactivation of MEG-CSF activity was seen with phenol treatment. The elution profile of MEG-CSF seen on hydroxylapatite chromatography of urinary extracts was different from that of Epo. These data provided a basis for initial steps for purification of MEG-CSF and support the notion that MEG-CSF is distinct from Epo. PMID- 6600634 TI - Effects of 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on the proliferation of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells. AB - It has been suggested that 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) may stimulate the proliferation of granulocyte-macrophage (GM) colony-forming cells (CFC) via the GM colony-stimulating factor (CSF) receptor. GM-CFC in unfractionated mouse bone marrow and light density fetal liver (LDFL) cells were induced by TPA to form colonies in the absence of exogenously added GM-CSF. The colonies induced by TPA (10(-8)M) were smaller than normally seen with maximal concentrations of GM-CSF, and less than 30% of the GM-CFC formed colonies in the presence of TPA. The number of colonies stimulated by TPA in the absence of GM CSF was dependent on the number of cells plated. When fewer than 10,000 bone marrow cells or 3000 LDFL cells were plated in the 1-ml semisolid agar cultures, no colonies were stimulated by the TPA. Similarly, GM-CFC purified from the LDFL cells stimulated with TPA did not form colonies. However, when the fetal liver accessory cells (macrophages) were recombined with cell-sorter-purified GM-CFC, colony formation was again observed in the presence of TPA (10(-7)-10(-8) M). The number of colonies formed from the CFC was dependent on the number of accessory cells present, suggesting that the macrophages were induced by TPA to produce CSF. Although the purified GM-CFC required CSF for proliferation, TPA (10(-8) M) increased (5-10-fold) the sensitivity of the GM-CFC to GM-CSF. These observations indicate that TPA does not stimulate GM-CFC proliferation directly, but rather by inducing GM-CSF production by accessory cells and by increasing the responsiveness of GM-CFC to GM-CSF. PMID- 6600635 TI - Granulocytosis associated with tumor cell production of colony-stimulating activity. AB - A patient with metastatic soft tissue sarcoma presented with a leukemoid reaction. The elevated white blood cell count was due to an increase in bands and mature segmented neutrophils. The degree of granulocytosis correlated with the tumor burden. There was no evidence of superimposed infection and the degree of bone marrow involvement by metastatic tumor was minimal. A cell line derived from the sarcoma produces granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity (CSA) in vitro. Although CSA could not be detected in serum, the findings in this patient suggest that the leukemoid reaction was due to tumor production of CSA. PMID- 6600636 TI - Gardnerella vaginalis and nonspecific vaginitis. PMID- 6600637 TI - Effects of some antiepileptic drugs on the repetitive activity of the node of Ranvier. AB - 1 Effects of some antiepileptic drugs on the repetitive activity of the node of Ranvier have been tested on frog myelinated nerve fibres. 2 Nerve fibres were stimulated by supraliminal direct current pulses of long duration. Motor fibres responded with a single action potential; sensory fibres responded with repetitive firing at a frequency of about 300/s. Chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride (0.1 mM), phenobarbitone sodium (0.25 mM) or diphenylhydantoin sodium (0.5 mM) suppressed the repetitive activity. 3 Sensory and motor nerve fibres stimulated by a 10 kHz alternating current of strength twice the threshold responded with repetitive firing at a frequency of 400-500/s. Superfusion of the node with chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride (0.2 mM), phenobarbitone sodium (0.5 mM) or diphenylhydantoin sodium (1.7 mM) reduced the frequency of firing by 50% either in sensory or in motor fibres activated by a.c. stimulation; at the same concentrations, the drugs altered amplitude of the action potential and threshold for electric excitability by less than 10%. 4 Unlike local anaesthetics, chlordiazepoxide, phenobarbitone and diphenylhydantoin are more selective in inhibiting repetitive firing than in reducing the amplitude of the action potential or increasing the threshold for electric excitability. 5 Trimethadione (up to 5 mM) was ineffective on repetitive firing elicited either with direct or with alternating current. PMID- 6600638 TI - The computed tomographic appearances of intra- and extracerebral abscesses. PMID- 6600639 TI - Treatment of parastomal haemorrhage. PMID- 6600640 TI - Dieulafoy's disease: a distinctive arteriovenous malformation causing massive gastric haemorrhage. AB - Dieulafoy's disease is a distinctive arteriovenous malformation of the gastric fundus, which presents with massive or recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding. The lesion is very small and easily overlooked even at laparotomy, and can only be correctly diagnosed by endoscopy or arteriography if the patient is actively bleeding. A wedge resection will stop bleeding and give histological confirmation of the characteristic submucosal vessels. PMID- 6600641 TI - Problem-orientated categorisation of "other conditions" seen in a genitourinary medicine clinic. AB - The case sheets of patients coded as D2 (other conditions requiring treatment) and D3 (other conditions not requiring treatment) in 1981 were reclassified on a problem-orientated basis. Ten discreet categories were delineated with ease. Women with non-specific vaginitis and men with Gardnerella vaginalis urogenital infection, usually coded D2 or C4, should be reclassified under the C group of conditions as, for example, "Gardnerella or other bacterial genital infections." It is suggested that codes D2 and D3 be replaced by the following nine categories: genital skin lesions or rashes; genitourinary symptoms; enteric conditions; other sexually transmitted infections; normal genital architecture, congenital conditions, or unconfirmed genital discharges; asymptomatic patients attending for routine examination; uninfected contacts of patients with sexually transmitted diseases; psychosexual problems; and others. PMID- 6600642 TI - Caffeine-induced potentiation of GABA effects on frog spinal cord: an electrophysiological study. AB - A parasagittal slice of the frog spinal cord was kept in vitro for electrophysiological recordings from dorsal and ventral roots. Low concentrations of caffeine (50 microM) which had relatively small effects on baseline electrical activity, increased the depolarizing action of GABA on dorsal root fibres by 50%. A similar result was also obtained when GABA motoneuronal responses were tested. On dorsal roots the potentiation of GABA responses by caffeine was reflected by a significant decrease in GABA ED50 value without change in the maximal response amplitude; this enhancing action of caffeine was not blocked by bicuculline (5 microM) but was abolished by flurazepam (5 microM) or by Ca2+ antagonists (Mn2+ and Cd2+). Blockade of interneuronal activity by procaine left the potentiating action of caffeine unchanged. High doses of caffeine (up to 1 mM) produced a seemingly non-competitive antagonism of GABA responses. We suggest that caffeine can modulate GABA responses through two different mechanisms: a potentiation of GABA effects (seen with low doses of caffeine) probably due to Ca2+ mobilization and an antagonism of GABA responses (typically seen with large doses of caffeine) perhaps caused by block of GABA receptor-activated channels. This novel caffeine GABA interaction may be useful to interpret some of the effects of caffeine on mammalian behaviour. PMID- 6600643 TI - Modulatory actions of ATP on membrane potentials of bullfrog sympathetic ganglion cells. AB - Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depolarized the membrane of bullfrog sympathetic ganglion cells by decreasing resting K+ conductance. ATP also depressed the maximum amplitude of after-hyperpolarization of action potentials. Voltage-clamp study revealed that ATP markedly suppressed the TEA-insensitive K+ current which appeared to correspond to the M-current, while it affected less significantly on the delayed rectifier K+ current. It was suggested that ATP depolarized resting membrane by suppressing resting K+ conductances, including the M-current, and also depressed the after-hyperpolarization of action potentials by suppressing both the M-current and delayed rectifier K+ current. PMID- 6600644 TI - Surface and intramedullary potentials evoked by stimulation of the glossopharyngeal nerve in frogs. AB - The bulbar potentials evoked by afferent volleys in the bullfrog glossopharyngeal nerve and in its 2 distal branches were studied. Following supramaximal electric stimulation of the peripheral nerve, the potential consisting of 2 triphasic deflections (S1 and S2) of presynaptic origin and 4 postsynaptic negative waves, N1, N2, N3 and N4, having the peak latency of 5, 8, 30 and 80 ms, respectively, was obtained along the nucleus fasciculus solitarius. By lowering the stimulus intensity to the threshold for exciting mechanosensitive fibers, only S1 followed by N1, N3 and N4 was produced, whereas, at higher intensities, S2 which accompanied by N2 became apparent. N1 and N2 waves were distributed over the bulbar dorsal surface with the maximal amplitude at 1-2 mm rostral to the obex and 0.5-1 mm lateral from the midline, the negativity being found maximal at the depth 0.5-1 mm from the surface. The surface-recorded N2 potential evoked by stimulation of the medial branch distributed caudal to that produced by stimulation of the lateral branch. Of intramedullary-recorded 4 negative waves, only N1 caused by volleys in the lateral branch distributed deeper layer than the one evoked by those in the other branch. PMID- 6600645 TI - Nitrous oxide added to halothane reduces coronary flow and myocardial oxygen consumption in patients with coronary disease. AB - The haemodynamic and myocardial metabolic effects of adding 50 per cent nitrous oxide to 0.5 per cent halothane were studied in 13 patients, before the surgical incision for coronary artery vein grafts. Cardiac output and coronary sinus blood flow were determined by thermodilution, along with haemodynamic measurements. Measurements 15 minutes after addition of nitrous oxide revealed a significant decrease in heart rate, arterial pressure, cardiac index, coronary sinus blood flow and myocardial oxygen consumption. There was a significant increase in coronary sinus lactate content, and a significant decrease, from 27 to 11 per cent, in myocardial lactate extraction. We conclude that these circulatory changes were likely to be due to a depression of ventricular function by the nitrous oxide. The myocardia of these patients with severe coronary disease were becoming globally ischaemic while they were receiving 50 per cent oxygen, in the presence of hypotension. Nitrous oxide should be turned off when hypotension occurs in coronary patients. PMID- 6600646 TI - Coronary artery bypass in patients over 65 years of age. AB - At the Vancouver General Hospital 235 consecutive patients (172 men, 63 women) aged 65 years or older underwent aortocoronary bypass grafting between January 1974 and December 1979; 168 were 65 to 69 years of age and 67 were 70 years or older. Concomitant cardiac procedures were carried out in 65 (valve surgery in 53, resection of ventricular aneurysm in 10, repair of ventricular septal defect in 1, excision of left atrial tumour in 1). A mean of 2.6 vessels per patient were grafted. Early mortality was 7.7%. For patients who underwent bypass grafting alone, the mortality for those 65 to 69 years was 5.1% and for those 70 years or older it was 5.9%. For patients who underwent bypass grafting and a concomitant procedure, the mortality for those 65 to 69 years of age was 3.1% and for those 70 years or older 24.2%. At follow-up (mean 30 months) there were 23 late deaths. The 5-year survival (life-table method) for the whole group was 77% including early deaths and 83% excluding early deaths. Late survival in those aged 70 years or older was similar to that in patients aged 65 to 69 years. Improvement in function was good; 92% of patients were in New York Heart Association functional class I or II at follow-up, where 94% had been in class III or IV before operation. Acceptable operative mortality with good long-term survival and lessening of symptoms support the use of aortocoronary bypass grafting in patients over 65 years of age. Complex procedures in those 70 years of age or older carry a high risk. PMID- 6600647 TI - Coronary artery bypass in patients under 40 years of age. AB - Coronary artery bypass surgery was performed in 92 patients, ranging in age from 20 to 40 years. The male-to-female ratio was 5:1. The operative mortality was 3.3%. Sixty-two patients were followed up for a mean of 3.5 years. Complete relief of angina was reported by 79% of patients and an additional 10% experienced some improvement. The survival rate at 3.5 years was 97%. The results favour myocardial revascularization in young adults. PMID- 6600648 TI - Two forms of pentamidine. PMID- 6600649 TI - Subtypes of T-cell chronic lymphatic leukemia. AB - Thirteen cases of T-cell chronic lymphatic leukemia (T-CLL) (including T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia) are presented. Five subtypes were distinguished according to morphologic and functional parameters of the leukemic cells: prolymphocytic; lymphocytic, small; lymphocytic, Sezary-like; lymphocytic, abundant cytoplasm; lymphocytic, abundant cytoplasm and granules. The subtype can be recognized by light and by electron microscopic investigation. Cytochemistry (APh and ANAE) may be helpful to delimit T-CLL from B-CLL, and acid phosphatase to recognize the subtype characterized by abundant cytoplasm and granules. Membrane marker investigations support the diagnosis of T-type CLL. When functional properties of the leukemic cells were tested, cells of one patient (T PLL) were shown to help in B-lymphocyte differentiation and Ig-secretion, whilst the cells of a second patient (lymphocytic, abundant cytoplasm and granules) were proven to act as effectors in natural killing and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. The T-helper lymphocyte nature of some of the leukemic cells was supported by demonstration of the Fc mu-receptor in three cases. In one of these patients, monoclonal IgM was detected in the serum. Response to therapy and prognosis were rather poor in this limited number of patients when compared with B-CLL. PMID- 6600650 TI - Modification of a transplantable colon tumor and immune responses in mice fed different sources of protein, fat and carbohydrate. AB - The effects of different sources of dietary protein, fat and carbohydrate on tumor development and on tests relating to cell-mediated immunity were investigated in male BALB/c mice after subcutaneous injection of 8 X 10(4) 1,2 dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon tumor (no. 51) cells. Results indicated that mice fed the milk protein source (especially at the low protein level) had smaller tumors, a higher spleen cell proliferative response to stimulation by phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and greater cytotoxic T-cell activity against the tumor cells than those fed the comparable diets containing protein from the other sources. Peripheral blood lymphocytes only from the milk-fed mice, regardless of tumor presence, exhibited a relatively low response to PHA stimulation, thereby suggesting a dietary effect on the migration pattern of PHA-responsive lymphocytes. The level of protein significantly affected both T-cell and natural killer cell cytotoxicity. The tumor-bearing mice fed the diet containing sucrose (table sugar) had a significantly lower spleen cell response to PHA stimulation than those fed the comparable diet containing dextrin. The level or source of fat did not significantly affect any of the parameters tested in this system. PMID- 6600651 TI - Serum blocking factors in bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma demonstrated by inhibition of erythrocyte rosette augmentation. AB - Blood leukocytes from cattle with bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma (BOSCC) react with extracts of BOSCC, and blood leukocytes from cattle with cutaneous papillomas react with extracts of papillomas in the erythrocyte rosette (E rosette) augmentation test. Sera from cattle with BOSCC, with cutaneous papillomas, and with ocular papillomas and sera from lesion-free cattle were tested for their ability to block antigen-induced E-rosette augmentation and E rosette augmentation induced by phytohemagglutinin. Autologous serum from 16 BOSCC-affected cattle blocked E-rosette augmentation induced by BOSCC extract, and autologous sera from three cattle with cutaneous papillomas blocked E-rosette augmentation induced by papilloma extract. Sera from cattle with BOSCC did not block E-rosette augmentation induced by papilloma extract, nor did sera from cattle with cutaneous papillomas block BOSCC extract-induced E-rosette augmentation. Sera from cattle with BOSCC blocked BOSCC extract-induced E-rosette augmentation in some but not all allogeneic combinations. E-rosette augmentation was observed when blood leukocytes from all 12 BOSCC-affected and six control cattle were exposed to phytohemagglutinin. This reaction was blocked by autologous sera from 11 of the 12 BOSCC-affected cattle, from one of the three cattle with cutaneous papillomas, but from none of the three other cattle. Sera from BOSCC-affected cattle also blocked phytohemagglutinin-induced E-rosette augmentation in allogeneic combination, regardless of the tumor status of the donor of the leukocytes. PMID- 6600652 TI - Alterations in erythrocyte adenine nucleotide pools resulting from 2' deoxycoformycin therapy. AB - 2'-Deoxycoformycin, a tight-binding adenosine deaminase inhibitor, was administered to 11 adult patients with refractory lymphoproliferative diseases. Total doses ranged from 1.0 to 13.5 mg/kg. Inhibition of lymphoblast adenosine deaminase was obtained in all cases and tumor cytoreduction was noted in eight of ten cases, but no clinically meaningful remissions were obtained. Major toxicities occurred in five patients and included pulmonary edema, renal failure, central nervous system toxicity, hypotension, and death. Toxicity prevented retreatment in several cases in which marked cytoreduction occurred. Deoxyadenosine triphosphate accumulated to a variable extent in the red blood cells of all patients, and a reciprocal decrease in erythrocyte adenosine triphosphate was noted in all cases but one. All patients who suffered major organ toxicity had red blood cell deoxyadenosine triphosphate/adenosine triphosphate ratios greater than 1.3. These data suggest that the degree of replacement of adenosine triphosphate by deoxyadenosine triphosphate in erythrocytes reflects the biochemical milieu which may result in systemic toxicity following treatment with 2'-deoxycoformycin. PMID- 6600653 TI - [Determination of the exocrine function of the pancreas using 4-(N-acetyl-L tyrosyl) and 4-(N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl) aminobenzoic acid. A comparative study]. PMID- 6600654 TI - [Cerebral ventriculo- and cisternography with the aid of computer tomography]. PMID- 6600655 TI - The rate-limiting step in hydrosmotic response of frog urinary bladder. AB - The ADH-induced water fluxes and the associated appearance of intramembranous particle aggregates in the luminal membrane of frog urinary bladders have been correlated in a time course study. Plots of the onset and reversal of the oxytocin-induced hydrosmotic response were sigmoidal in shape, symmetrical and slowed by low temperature to the same degree. Parallel freeze-fracture studies showed that the mean size distribution of the aggregates was constant at different temperatures and at different times during hormonal stimulation and washout. No qualitatively different picture of aggregate formation was detected at low temperature: this suggests that the insertion and removal of individual aggregates into or from the apical plasma membrane is a rather rapid process, both at 20 and at 6.5 degrees C. As in the case of water permeability, both aggregate appearance and disappearance were similarly slowed by lowering the temperature. A similar time-course study of the inhibition of the hydrosmotic response by acidification of the medium was also made. In this case, lowering the incubation temperature induced a clear dissociation between net water flow and the surface area occupied by the aggregates. For the first time, a low water permeability was found associated with a high aggregate surface area in the apical membrane, indicating that cellular acidification induces an impairment of aggregate function rather than a reduction of surface area. PMID- 6600656 TI - The immunoregulatory nature of iron. I. Lymphocyte proliferation. AB - An increasing body of evidence suggests that iron may regulate certain immune functions in vitro. Its effects on proliferative responses of human peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocytes (PBM) to various mitogens was therefore investigated. The results showed that it enhanced such responses to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) but suppressed those to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and to concanavalin A (Con A). Furthermore, the enhancement was mediated by T rather than B cells. In conclusion, those results provide further evidence for the hypothesis that iron has certain immunoregulatory properties in vitro. PMID- 6600657 TI - Regulation of bone marrow lymphocyte production. III. Increased production of B and non-B lymphocytes after administering systemic antigens. AB - To examine the influence of exogenous stimuli on the genesis of lymphocytes in mouse bone marrow, the production rate and subsets of marrow lymphocytes were examined after a systemic injection of sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Radioautographic analysis after either pulse labeling or infusion of [3H]thymidine revealed a pronounced increase in the number of newly formed small lymphocytes appearing in the marrow, maximal 4-5 days after SRBC injection and dose related. The resulting expansion of the marrow lymphocyte population included both immature B cells and null cells, as shown by cell surface and cytoplasmic markers. Similar stimulation of marrow lymphocyte production followed an injection of either bovine serum albumin or mineral oil. No comparable stimulation occurred in either the thymus or the spleen. The results demonstrate that antigens and nonspecific irritants can exert a central effect in the bone marrow, producing a surge in the production of both primary B and non-B lymphocytes. The possible role of external stimulants in determining the normal rate of bone marrow lymphocyte production is discussed. PMID- 6600658 TI - Effect of external force on relaxation kinetics in single frog atrial cardiac cells. AB - The effects of external force on relaxation kinetics were investigated in isolated single frog (Rana catesbeiana) atrial cells. We found that force decay occurred at a maximum and constant rate for a significant portion of auxotonic relaxation, and this rate was linearly related to the peak force developed during auxotonic contraction. The slope of the linear relationship between the maximum rate of auxotonic force decay and peak auxotonic force was not affected by changes in the level of contractile activation produced by activating the cell with different stimulus durations. The rate of force change during auxotonic contraction and relaxation in the isolated cell is directly related to the average sarcomere velocity within the cell. Thus, the results indicate that during auxotonic relaxation the velocity of sarcomere extension is directly related to the peak auxotonic force, and sarcomere extension, during relaxation, is therefore affected by external force. The direct effect of external force on relaxation kinetics was confirmed by the observation that force changes imposed on the cell during relaxation immediately altered the velocity of the extending cell from any given length. However, data are also presented which demonstrate that rapid sarcomere extension occurs during relaxation under conditions where external forces are negligible. Thus, rapid sarcomere extension during relaxation does not require large external forces, and internal forces must play a role in sarcomere extension during relaxation. An explanation is given for these apparently contradictory results. PMID- 6600659 TI - Identification and differentiation of resting myocardial ischemia and infarction in man with positron computed tomography, 18F-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose and N-13 ammonia. AB - Studies have shown that the extraction of glucose per unit flow is increased in moderately ischemic myocardium primarily due to anaerobic glucose metabolism manifested as lactate production, whereas myocardial infarction is characterized by the loss of metabolically active myocardium. To determine the feasibility of demonstrating these metabolic abnormalities reflecting both ischemia and infarction, we used positron computed tomography (PCT) to evaluate relative regional myocardial exogenous glucose utilization and perfusion in 15 patients with recent myocardial infarction. The positron-emitting tracers of glucose metabolism and perfusion, 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) and N-13 ammonia, respectively, were used. Fourteen of 19 documented infarctions were demonstrated by PCT to have concordantly decreased glucose utilization and perfusion. However, in an additional 11 regions, glucose utilization was disproportionately increased relative to perfusion, consistent with ischemic glucose consumption. These findings correlated with the presence of postinfarction angina, the site of ischemic electrocardiographic changes during chest pain, and the presence of regional left ventricular dysfunction and severe coronary artery disease. Because three ECG infarct zones not detected by PCT demonstrated ischemic glucose utilization, only two of 19 electrocardiographically defined infarctions had no detectable metabolic abnormality. We conclude that the changes in regional FDG and N-13 ammonia concentrations detected with PCT in patients who had had a recent myocardial infarction are consistent with regional exogenous glucose utilization and perfusion in moderately ischemic and irreversibly infarcted myocardium. This approach has the potential to identify and differentiate resting myocardial ischemia from infarction and to assess tissue viability after an ischemic event. PMID- 6600660 TI - Primary peritonitis associated with Hemophilus influenzae bacteremia in a normal child. PMID- 6600661 TI - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-induced intrahepatic cholestasis. PMID- 6600662 TI - Methotrexate cerebrospinal fluid and serum concentrations after intermediate-dose methotrexate infusion. AB - Twenty-nine children with acute lymphocytic leukemia were given 24-hr infusions of intermediate-dose methotrexate (MTX, 1000 mg/m2) with and without intrathecal (IT) MTX (12 mg/m2), followed by leucovorin rescue. There was substantial interpatient variability in MTX systemic clearance (98.3 +/- 51 ml/min/m2), inducing total steady-state serum MTX concentrations ranging from 5.4 to 33.7 microM. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentration at the end of the infusion was 0.27 (+/- 0.1) microM when no IT-MTX was given and correlated with total steady-state (24-hr) serum concentration of MTX. By stepwise regression, the CSF MTX concentration correlated better with the nonprotein bound (free) steady-state serum MTX concentration (r = 0.66, P less than 0.01) than with total steady-state serum MTX concentration. Mean CSF: serum MTX concentration ratio was 0.023 (+/- 0.04) when no IT MTX was given. When an IT MTX dose (12 mg/m2) was given at the start of the MTX infusion, the steady-state CSF MTX concentration was 1.1 (+/- 0.4) microM, leading to a mean CSF: serum ratio of 0.073 (+/- 0.05). Despite 7 hydroxy-MTX serum concentrations exceeding MTX concentrations immediately after infusion, 7-hydroxy-MTX was not detectable in CSF of most patients (21 of 29), and was less than 50% of the concurrent MTX concentration when detectable. These data establish the substantial interpatient variability in CSF distribution of MTX after intermediate-dose MTX infusions and establish a significant correlation between steady-state free concentration of MTX in serum and CSF MTX concentration. PMID- 6600663 TI - Traumatic bone cyst of the maxilla--a rarity? PMID- 6600664 TI - Mandibular intraosseous lipoma related to trigeminal neuropathy. PMID- 6600665 TI - Psychological aspects of oral conditions and treatments. PMID- 6600666 TI - Self-reported compliance with a preventive dental regimen. PMID- 6600667 TI - Evolution of the Omnii Center. PMID- 6600668 TI - alpha 1-Antitrypsin and reactive systemic amyloidosis. AB - 1. Serum contains amyloid A-degrading activity. This activity is markedly reduced in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) complicated by amyloidosis. alpha 1 Antitrypsin inhibits the degradative activity. To test the hypothesis that the activity of this enzyme is regulated by alpha 1-antitrypsin, we determined the concentrations, elastase-inhibitory activity and phenotypes of alpha 1 antitrypsin in 24 RA patients with and in 26 RA patients without amyloidosis. 2. alpha 1-Antitrypsin concentrations and biological activity were significantly increased in both patient groups compared with control subjects, but there was no difference between the two patient groups. 3. All patients who had developed amyloidosis were of the normal protease inhibitor (Pi) MM-phenotype. 4. We conclude that the difference in the amyloid A-degrading activity between RA patients with or without amyloidosis cannot be accounted for by differences in concentration, activity or Pi type of alpha 1-antitrypsin. PMID- 6600669 TI - [Morphological foundation for a causal, pathogenetic and symptomatic therapy of rheumatism]. PMID- 6600670 TI - Caries frequency among 6-17-year-old participants of the Finnish public dental care during 1975-79. AB - Temporal trends of caries frequency in 6-17-year-old children in Finland and its counties during 1975-79 are reported. Initially the attendance rate was 70%: during the 4-year follow-up it increased to 84%. The cross-sectional annual proportion of children needing curative treatment diminished from 80% to 67% at the age of 8 years; the changes among the 12- and 16-year-old children were 78 66% and 86-76%, respectively. The proportion of entirely caries-free children increased from 2.5% to 9.2% at the age of 8 years, only a slight increase was found in the older age groups. The mean DMFT value decreased continuously at all ages: in the 8-year-old children it decreased from 2.7% to 1.7%, in 12-year-olds from 6.7% to 5.2% and at the age of 16 from 13.4% to 11.6%. The caries scores decreased most in areas where the initial values were highest. In the county with high fluoride levels, where the initial caries scores were smallest, only slight improvement in the caries situation was found; this indicates no major change in recording of caries. Although a simultaneous improvement of the national attendance rate and the caries scores were observed, no consistent associations were found between the changes in the attendance rate and the changes in various caries indices when age and geographical area were considered in the analyses. It is concluded that the marked decrease in caries frequency is mainly due to preventive measures. PMID- 6600671 TI - Schistosoma mansoni egg antigens and hepatocyte damage in infected T cell deprived mice. PMID- 6600672 TI - Clearance of in vitro prepared heterologous antigen-antibody complexes in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. PMID- 6600673 TI - Unusual abnormalities in adolescent siblings with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. AB - We studied, over a four-year period, two adolescents with alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency who subsequently died from complications of hepatic cirrhosis. Serial pulmonary function studies indicated mild obstructive lung disease involving peripheral airways in both patients. Postmortem histologic and pulmonary morphometric studies indicated mild diffuse airspace and bronchial gland enlargement, and slight dilation of small airways. This airspace enlargement may represent the early stage of lung disease in AAT-deficient subjects and suggests that pulmonary anatomic changes may occur long before the onset of clinically and pathologically significant emphysema. PMID- 6600675 TI - Significant left main stenosis following asymptomatic dissection during coronary arteriography. AB - The natural history of minimally symptomatic or asymptomatic iatrogenic coronary dissection is not well-defined. While generally considered a serious and life threatening complication of coronary arteriography, there have been some reported cases of spontaneous resolution without residuals. We describe a case demonstrating that coronary artery dissection, even when initially asymptomatic, may later progress and result in significant or complete coronary occlusion. The implications of this are discussed. PMID- 6600674 TI - Antinuclear antibodies in Utah coal miners. AB - Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were detected using a mouse kidney substrate in 69 of 238 (29 percent) underground Utah coal miners at a titer of 1:16. At titers of 1:4 and higher, 52 percent were positive. The majority had a speckled pattern and were not directed against any previously characterized antigens. Fifteen of 28 with high titer ANA had reduced complement. The ANA was more apt to be present in those with coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP), and as ANA titer increased, the percentage with CWP increased. The ANA increased with both age and coal mine dust exposure. It is hypothesized that ANA and CWP both result from long-term dust exposure, but that there is insufficient evidence to implicate ANA in the pathogenesis of CWP. PMID- 6600676 TI - Gastroesophageal lacerations. A fatal complication of closed chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation. AB - A case of fatal gastrointestinal hemorrhage from gastric mucosal lacerations related to the closed chest cardiac compression of cardiopulmonary resuscitation is reported. Previous autopsy series suggest that gastroesophageal lacerations may occur in 12 percent of cases not surviving cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). In the presence of increasing out-of-hospital and lay-initiated resuscitation, recognition of this complication of closed chest compression seems to be of particular importance. Attention to the technique of chest compression and ventilation, including early intubation and gastric decompression, may help to minimize the incidence of gastric mucosal laceration occurring during CPR. PMID- 6600677 TI - Gastric bleeding and gastric secretion with sulindac and naproxen. AB - We have examined concurrent gastric secretory rates and bleeding by a gastric wash technique during treatment with naproxen, sulindac, and placebo. Twelve subjects, in each of 4 treatment periods, took either placebo, sulindac 200 mg, naproxen 250 mg, or naproxen 375 mg, twice a day for four days. Of the resultant 192 days (12 subjects, 4 drugs, 4 days/drug), two thirds of all days showed bleeding at a rate less than 0.5 ml/day; this low rate of bleeding was seen with all treatments. In spite of this minor bleeding, we were able to show statistically significantly less bleeding with placebo than with drugs; placebo never resulted in a maximum rate of bleeding for any subject. Distinctions between drugs on the basis of bleeding, however, were not possible. Correlations between outputs of acid and chloride were not significantly affected by any of these drugs. In contrast to previous results with aspirin, no correlation between rates of bleeding and gastric secretion could be established. The low water solubility of these drugs at the pH of gastric contents may account for their causing very little bleeding. In effect, the greater the gastric secretion of acid the less the absorption through the gastric mucosa. PMID- 6600678 TI - Clinical evaluation of pancreatic excretion test with dimethadione and oral BT PABA test in chronic pancreatitis. AB - Further evaluation of the pancreatic excretion test with 5,5-dimethyl-2,4 oxazolidinedione (dimethadione, DMO) was made in comparison with the pancreozymin secretin (PS) test on 100 normal subjects, 79 patients with chronic pancreatitis, and 83 patients with nonpancreatic disease. The diagnostic sensitivity of the oral N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-PABA (BT-PABA) test was estimated in 42 patients with chronic pancreatitis, on whom both PS and DMO excretion tests were performed as test of reference for exocrine pancreatic function. Pancreatic DMO excretion after secretin injection was significantly diminished in chronic pancreatitis. The DMO excretion test was more sensitive than the PS test to detect chronic pancreatitis and to distinguish between mild to moderate and advanced noncalcific chronic pancreatitis. The specificity of the DMO excretion test was more than adequate to find out pancreatic disease. The 6-hr urinary PABA excretion was significantly reduced in chronic pancreatitis. The BT-PABA test, however, showed the low sensitivity in mild to moderate chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 6600679 TI - [What is immunopharmacology?]. PMID- 6600680 TI - The transmembrane electrical potential in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides determined from the distribution of tetraphenylphosphonium after correction for its binding to cell components. PMID- 6600681 TI - Contraction of triton-treated culture cells. A calcium-sensitive contractile model. AB - Using five species of mammalian and avian cells, the authors succeeded in preparing Triton-treated culture cells that contract upon addition of MgATP. The contraction of these Triton cell models was inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide modified myosin subfragment-1, a specific inhibitor of actin-myosin interaction. Triton cell models adhered more strongly to the substratum than glycerinated ones. Triton cell models of mouse 3T3 and human MRC-5 cells showed Ca2+-sensitive contraction. They required Ca2+ of 1 microM or more for the contraction. Other Triton cell models and all glycerinated cell models did not require Ca2+ for the contraction. The Ca2+-dependent contraction of 3T3 and MRC-5 cell models was inhibited by chlorpromazine, an inhibitor of calmodulin. The Ca2+-sensitivity of the contraction was lost by pretreatment of these cell models with adenosine 5'-O (3-thiotriphosphate) in the presence of Ca2+. These results agree with a hypothesis that Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation of myosin light chain regulates actin-myosin interactions in non-muscle cells. PMID- 6600682 TI - Alpha1-antitrypsin: PI type and lung tuberculosis. A negative report. AB - The protease inhibitor type (PI type) of alpha 1-antitrypsin in serum from 955 patients with lung tuberculosis was determined by isoelectric focusing. No overrepresentation of any PI type was found among the patients with tuberculosis. Furthermore, the tuberculosis did not seem to be worse among the unusual PI type patients as compared with the patients with MM phenotypes. PMID- 6600683 TI - Hypocalcemia and motor neuron degeneration in paraphysectomized frogs. AB - The paraphysis has been studied extensively but its function is unknown. Surgical removal of the paraphysis in the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) resulted in hypocalcemia and tetany in 35 frogs, about 40% of those operated upon. One or two days after the onset of tetany (about 8 days postoperative), progressive weakness was observed, beginning in the hind limbs. The caudal half of the spinal cord showed a green discoloration in afflicted frogs and histologically motor neurons in the lumbar spinal cord were swollen, indented with vacuoles, and had reduced processes. The paraphysis appears to play a role in calcium regulation in the bullfrog; the motor neuron degenerative changes observed may be secondary to the altered calcium metabolism. PMID- 6600684 TI - Submandibular gland-conditioned medium enhancement of bone marrow colony-forming cells in tumor-bearing murine recipients. AB - Soft-agar clonogenic assay techniques were used to examine 2 sources of colony stimulating activity (CSA), submandibular gland-conditioned medium (SMG-CM) and pregnant mouse uterine extract (PMUE), for potentiation of granulocyte-macrophage (GM-CFUc) or monocyte-macrophage (M-CFUc) progenitor cell populations. The femoral populations being examined were aspirated from normal mice and from those bearing 1 of 2 types of tumor: Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) or thymic lymphoma ascites tumor (EL-4). When PMUE was used as a CSA source, normal animals showed a greater clonogenic response per population than either of the tumor-bearing groups. When SMG-CM was used as a CSA source, the pattern of GM-CFUc response was much different: GM-CFUc magnitudes increased by fourfold to sixfold over normal levels in tumor-bearing animals. M-CFUc response patterns were also significant, being similar in response but smaller. PMID- 6600685 TI - Studies on chemically induced tumors in rats: I. Heterogeneity of tumor cells and establishment of syngeneic, tumor-specific cytotoxic T cell clones. AB - Sarcoma P1 was induced in DA rats by DMBA. Anti-P1 antibodies were produced in DA rats, purified via fixed tumor cells and used to induce anti-idiotypic antibodies in syngeneic rats. The anti-idiotypic antibodies were used to generate cytotoxic, P1 specific DA T cells in vitro. These cytotoxic T cells and P1 tumor cells were cloned by limiting dilution. Using the DA anti-P1 specific cytotoxic T cell clones, we were able to characterize 2 types of P1 tumor cell clones, namely those which were susceptible and those which were resistant to the P1 specific cytotoxic T cells. Cytotoxic T cell injected i.v. into syngeneic DA rats could not prevent the development of lethal P1 tumors. PMID- 6600686 TI - Relationship between light diffraction intensity and tension development in frog skeletal muscle. AB - Laser diffraction intensity decrease in active muscles precedes tension development at sarcomere lengths below 2.76 microns, but not at greater lengths. This suggests that the time lag is caused by random sarcomere shortenings inside each myofibril. PMID- 6600687 TI - Possible physiological role of epidermal growth factor in the development of the mouse mammary gland during pregnancy. AB - Epidermal growth factor stimulated cell proliferation in a primary mammary epithelial cell culture derived from mice at different stages of pregnancy. Moreover, the peptide hormone inhibited casein production induced by the synergistic actions of insulin, cortisol and prolactin. The inhibitory effect of epidermal growth factor was influenced by the gestational stages of the mammary gland. These effects of epidermal growth factor were exerted at physiological concentrations. The dual actions of epidermal growth factor on mammary cells implicate its participation in regulation of the growth and differentiation of the mammary gland during pregnancy. PMID- 6600688 TI - Association of human leukocyte antigens B7 and BW35 with sperm antibodies. AB - One hundred three infertile couples and 50 fertile couples were tested for the presence of sperm antibodies by passive hemagglutination and cytotoxicity assays and typed for human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) of the A and B loci. Fifty-four percent of the males and 43% of the females with sperm antibodies were found to have the HLA-B7 antigen, in contrast to 19% of a general population (P less than 0.0001). HLA-BW35 (a Workshop antigen of the B locus) was also present at a significantly increased antigenic frequency (P less than 0.00001) in those females with sperm antibodies. Of the 73 infertile couples with sperm antibodies, 79% shared the B7, B8, and/or BW35 alleles. Two of 12 infertile couples and 10 of 50 fertile couples without sperm antibodies shared these alleles. The significant association of HLA-B7 and BW35 alleles with sperm antibodies in infertile subjects suggests a selective disadvantage of these antigens in human reproduction. PMID- 6600689 TI - Preoperative teaching: aortocoronary bypass patients. PMID- 6600690 TI - [Characteristics of the inhibition in receptive fields of class 1 and 3 in the frog retina]. AB - The poststimulus histograms of off-responses of the I and III class receptive fields in the frog retina were obtained with moving narrow dark bars of different vertical size (1-20 degrees). When increasing size of the stimulus over the summation zone, inhibitory action of the fields periphery increases due to spatial summation of inhibitory effects. The stimuli of adequate size produce a complete inhibition in the receptive fields of both classes. When increasing sizes of moving stimuli, contrary to the stationary those, the inhibition both depresses the reaction and increases the latency. The peripheral site revealing the greatest inhibitory effect under its stimulation, is far removed from the boundary of summation zone (by 1.5-2.5 degrees) in most fields. The similar decrease of the I class receptive field responses occurs under stimulation of the peripheral site (0.8-2.3 degrees) narrower than that of the III class ones (2.2 5.7 degrees). The receptive fields of the I class seem to have more powerful inhibitory zone than those of the III class. PMID- 6600691 TI - [Otolithic nystagmus in the pigeon after unilateral dissection of the utricular nerves (ramuli utriculi)]. PMID- 6600692 TI - St. Joseph's achieves effective patient care. PMID- 6600693 TI - Lymphomatoid granulomatosis involving the gastrointestinal tract. Two case reports and a review of the literature. AB - Two cases of lymphomatoid granulomatosis affecting the gastrointestinal tract in the form of gastric ulceration and intestinal perforation are described. This rare presentation of lymphomatoid granulomatosis is discussed in the context of previous reviews of the disease, and it is suggested that clinically overt gastrointestinal involvement represents a very poor prognostic indicator in this condition. PMID- 6600694 TI - Endoscopic examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract in infancy. AB - Forty endoscopic examinations of the upper gastrointestinal tract were performed in 38 infants with an age range from 2 days to 12 months. The main indications were upper gastrointestinal bleeding, chronic intractable vomiting, and small intestinal biopsy. Duodenal ulcer, hemorrhagic gastritis, and gastric erosions were the most common causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in infancy. An acute viral infection with fever, aspirin ingestion, and diarrhea frequently preceded gastrointestinal bleeding from duodenal ulcer and gastric erosion. Four of the 27 bleeding patients demonstrated no abnormality endoscopically. PMID- 6600695 TI - Submucosal arterial malformation of the stomach diagnosed endoscopically. PMID- 6600696 TI - Colonoscopic polypectomy in Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. PMID- 6600697 TI - A new method of injection sclerotherapy of esophageal varices. PMID- 6600698 TI - Colonoscopy in acute lower bowel bleeding. PMID- 6600699 TI - Emergency endoscopic sclerotherapy for bleeding esophageal varices: a prospective study in patients not responding to balloon tamponade. AB - To assess the efficacy of endoscopic paravariceal sclerotherapy (EPS) compared to balloon tamponade, 25 patients with massive hemorrhage from esophageal varices not responding to Sengstaken or Linton tube tamponade were treated by emergency EPS. None of the patients had received vasopressin. Immediate control of hemorrhage was achieved in 92%. Recurrent bleeding occurred in 17.4% of patients during their primary admission. Minor complications resulting from EPS were observed in three patients (12%): esophageal ulcer, esophageal stenosis, and pleural effusion. Ten patients (40%) died in the hospital, seven of them despite arrested hemorrhage. Fifteen patients were discharged and followed at 3-month intervals for a mean of 21.3 months (range, 8.8 to 29.7). During this period one death due to liver failure without recurrent hemorrhage and three rebleeding events in two patients were observed (rebleeding risk per patient month, 9.4 x 10(-3). We conclude that EPS is very effective in controlling acute bleeding from esophageal varices, even in poor risk patients with ineffective balloon tamponade. PMID- 6600700 TI - Painful shoulders: diagnosis and management. PMID- 6600701 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the combined effects of infrasound and low-frequency noise on the acoustic and vestibular analyzers of compressor operators]. PMID- 6600702 TI - [Early detection of color blindness from the viewpoint of occupational medicine with various references to internistic and human genetic symptom complexes]. AB - Vision screening tests within the limits of industrial medicine examinations, together with physical examinations, were done on human individuals by means of pseudo-isochromatic charts in order to detect "red-green blindness". The tests were carried out on 1589 individuals (males and females) from 10 medium-scale plants of the Saarbrucken area (Federal Republic of Germany). The results obtained from male individuals by 919 Ishihara-tests were only considered, categorized and graphically represented according to their age groups. The data have been collected from the cases examined mostly between the years 1976 to 1977. About 1500 cases were examined per year. Because the samples were not selected at random, one has to be cautious with regard to the statistical interpretations of the results. However, due to the large number of cases included in the study, it can be statistically represented. The histogram illustrating the distribution of colour-vision deficiency, according to each age group, shows the highest peak at an age range of 30 to 35 years. This indicates that a considerable number of cases with colour-vision deficiency was discovered late. The individuals have to be early examined by school physicians, house physicians, occupational physicians, internists or ophthalmologists with this colour-vision screening test, before they enter professional life. Some symptomatical complexes of internal diseases and human genetics, i.e. related to "colour-vision blindness" are also emphasized hemophilia and hemolytic anemia due to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. PMID- 6600703 TI - Binding of the third component of complement (C3) to Thy-1.2 positive Con-A induced blasts of the murine spleen: modulation of the C3 binding and cell aggregation by protease inhibitors. PMID- 6600704 TI - Effect of passively administered isologous anti-idiotypes directed against anti carrier (ovalbumin) antibodies on the anti-hapten IgE and IgG antibody responses in BALB/c mice. AB - Recently we have shown that active immunization of syngenic animals with anti ovalbumin antibodies evokes an anti-idiotypic (aId) response, which in consequence leads to suppression of the anti-hapten (benzylpenicilloyl, BPO; dinitrophenyl, DNP) IgE and IgG formation subsequently attempted by immunization with low doses of hapten-OVA conjugates. In this work we describe attempts to suppress a primary or an already established anti-hapten IgE response by passive administration of (anti-carrier) anti-idiotypes to BALB/c mice. Our results show that ongoing anti-BPO or anti-DNP IgE responses can be depressed by injection of (anti-ovalbumin) aId, provided mice were previously immunized with conjugates of the haptens with the ovalbumin (OVA) carrier. The same animals suppressed for IgE also produce less anti-hapten and anti-carrier IgG antibodies but only after 5-6 weeks following the aId injection. The primary IgE response could be blocked by treating mice with (anti-OVA) aId and antigen at the same time. PMID- 6600705 TI - Comparative migration of T- and B-lymphocyte subpopulations into skin inflammatory sites. AB - Homing of 51Cr-labelled spleen and lymph node-derived T- and B-cell subpopulations into inflammatory sites in the skin, as well as into lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs, was studied in outbred and inbred guinea-pigs. The early progeny of activated T cells were demonstrated in immunologically-mediated inflammation of the skin, for example a cell-mediated immune reaction and a reversed passive Arthus reaction. In contrast, spleen and lymph node-derived B cells were virtually unable to enter inflammatory sites. Organ-specific homing of T and B cells was detected. The significance of these observations for the interpretation of results of lymphoid cell transfers in guinea-pigs is discussed. PMID- 6600706 TI - Immunity to homologous collagens and cartilage proteoglycans in rabbits. AB - The in vitro incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into spleen cells was used to show that rabbits with experimentally-induced inflammatory arthritis of 1-4 months duration often develop cellular immunity to purified homologous cartilage proteoglycans, type I and III collagens and, less frequently, to type II collagen. Responses to collagens were primarily directed to antigenic determinants exposed on peptides in degraded molecules, whereas responses to proteoglycans were seen with both native and degraded molecules. These in vitro blastogenic responses were shown to be completely dependent on the presence of T lymphocytes in the cultures. This expression of immunity was not demonstrable in rabbits with long duration arthritis (7-12 months) with any of the antigens tested. Some rabbits injected with homologous proteoglycans demonstrated T-cell dependent cellular, but not humoral, immunity to the injected antigens. In contrast, rabbits injected with heterologous human proteoglycans developed cellular and humoral immunity to the immunizing proteoglycan, but failed to develop cellular immunity to rabbit proteoglycan. Some of these rabbits did, however, produce circulating antibodies which reacted with rabbit proteoglycans. Moreover, antibodies produced by immunizing rabbits with proteoglycans from bovine, chicken and rat cartilages and the hyaluronic acid binding region from rat cartilage proteoglycan often cross-reacted with rabbit proteoglycan, indicating that there are species-common antigenic determinants present in these proteoglycans and in the hyaluronic acid binding region and that these are recognizable in rabbit proteoglycans by rabbit antibodies. This ability to induce selectively cellular or humoral immunity to proteoglycans should be useful for future investigations of the role of such immunity in the pathogenesis of arthritis, although induction of immunity to proteoglycan was not accompanied by any demonstrable synovitis in these rabbits as has been observed in some strains of rats and mice for type II collagen. PMID- 6600707 TI - Studies on T lymphocyte activation. II. Monoclonal antibody inhibiting the capacity of rat T lymphoblasts to absorb and to respond to IL-2: an anti-IL-2 receptor antibody? AB - We describe the production and some of the properties of a monoclonal antibody which inhibits binding of Interleukin 2 (IL-2) to rat T lymphoblasts as well as the capacity of these lymphoblasts to proliferate in response to IL-2 of rat or murine origin. According to these criteria, the antibody seems to be directed against an antigenic determinant on the IL-2 receptor. The antibody, obtained from hybridomas derived from mice immunized with phorbol-myristate-acetate-pulsed rat T lymphoblasts, exhibited species specificity, indicating that IL-2 receptors of various species are not necessarily identical, even if they can respond to IL 2 from different species. PMID- 6600708 TI - Cross-reactivity patterns of vaccinia-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes from H-2Kb mutants. AB - Limit-dilution cultures were used to select vaccinia-immune T-cell populations from bm1 and bm3 mutant mice that were not lytic for virus-infected targets expressing the Kb and Db MHC glycoprotein. Approximately 30% of virus-immune CTL were restricted in each case to Kbm1 and Kbm3, rather than to Db. Evidence of extensive cross-reactivity was found for these virus-immune CTL. Bm3 and bm11 mice sharing one amino acid mutation from wild-type but differing by a second mutation seen only in bm3 are the most cross-reactive pair in their presentation of vaccinia. The bm1 and bm10 pair with dissimilar mutations from wild-type affecting the same CNBr fragment are also largely cross-reactive. However, 30% cross-reactivity is also found for bm1 and bm3, which differ in separate CNBr fragments. That mutants expressing amino acid substitutions in the same region of the peptide tend to show more evidence of cross-reactivity does not necessarily mean the T cells see linear arrays of amino acids on the MHC glycoprotein. For instance, Kbm1 and Kbm10 differ for three amino acids, but bm1 T cells are highly lytic for bm10 virus-infected targets. However, there is no cross-reactivity for Kbm1 and Kb, which differ at only two amino acids. The key to further understanding may rest with defining the nature of the conformational differences among the Kbm1, Kbm10, and Kb glycoproteins. PMID- 6600709 TI - Alloreactive T-cell clones. Ly phenotypes predict both function and specificity for major histocompatibility complex products. AB - We have studied the association of Ly phenotype with function and specificity for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) products by examining the properties of 21 T-cell clones derived from B10 anti-B10.D2 and B10.A anti-B10.D2 mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC). T cells were selected after MLC solely on the basis of Ly phenotype, cloned by limiting dilution, and tested for stability of Ly phenotype, function and specificity for class I or class II MHC products. Sixteen Ly-1+2- and five Ly-1-2+ T-cell clones were tested. The clones selected for the Ly-1+2- phenotype maintained this phenotype, expressed helper but not lytic function, and recognized class II MHC products (I-Ad or I-Ed). All Ly-1-2+ clones maintained this phenotype, possessed cytolytic but not helper activity, and recognized class I MHC products (Dd and Ld). Our data therefore confirm at the clonal level the original observations of a remarkably consistent correlation between Ly markers, MHC specificity, and function. They suggest that the expression of Ly antigens on T-cell clones forms part of a genetic program for each of these specialized cells that also determines their function and MHC specificity. PMID- 6600710 TI - Biochemical characterization of mIgM- variants of the murine B-cell lymphoma, WEHI 279.1. AB - The membrane immunoglobulin M (mIgM) of a B lymphocyte serves as a receptor for its cognate antigen. Our aim is to elucidate the structure and function of this membrane-bound receptor. The first step is to determine the requirements for proper membrane placement of IgM. We have used mIgM-positive B lymphocyte tumors from which we isolated mIgM negative variants by immunoselection. We report here the initial characterization of mIgM- variants isolated by repeated cycles of selection of the murine B lymphoma, WEHI 279.1, with goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin (G alpha MIg) and complement. These particular variants were chosen from a pool of more than 150 variants originally isolated because they resulted from several selection schemes and clearly had different origins. By analysis of their proteins, we have found three major phenotypes that do not produce mIgM: reduced microns, microseconds and L chain levels within cells, loss of microns and microseconds but retention of L chain synthesis, and loss of microns but retention of reduced amounts of microseconds and L chain. The defects underlying these phenotypes produce complex changes in the synthesis, turnover, and secretion of the mu or L chains involved. We performed experiments comparing the effects of the glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin on variants with reduced mu and L levels with its effects on variants with L but no mu chains. These experiments suggested that mu and L chain synthesis are controlled coordinately at the level of protein synthesis. We have not yet isolated any variants lacking L chain synthesis or any appearing to have gross structural defects in the micron protein. This analysis is the first phase of the detailed characterization of the requirements for proper synthesis, processing, tetramer formation, and membrane display of mIgM on B lymphoma tumors in mice. PMID- 6600711 TI - H-2-restricted GVH reaction caused by T cells from normal donors of certain strains. PMID- 6600712 TI - Factors in the sera of tumor-bearing mice modifying the charge of immune cells. AB - The mean electrophoretic mobility (EPM) of normal C3H spleen cells is significantly slackened (by approximately 15%) when the cells are incubated for 0.5 h at 37 degrees C with serum from slow-growing tumors (VMM2 and VMM1 tumors). On the contrary, it is not modified when the cells are incubated with serum from fast-growing tumors (RV2 or VFM1 tumors). VMM2 serum heated at 56 degrees C induces the same phenomenon. Incubation at 4 degrees C with VMM2 serum does not induce any change in spleen cell EPM. VMM2 and VMM1 sera seem to be essentially active on T cells. Indeed, no effect is observed with cells from 'nude', thymectomized, bone marrow-reconstituted C3H mice, or with the B cell-enriched fraction after nylon wool separation of normal spleen cells. A significant EPM decrease is only observed after serum incubated with the T cell-enriched fraction. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows that these sera exhibit an increase in the content of different protein groups. These phenomena suggest that the reduction of negative charge of lymphocytes after interaction with some tumor sera (VMM2 and VMM1 sera) might help establish tumor cell-lymphocyte contact and thus explain the slow growth rate of these VMM2 and VMM1 tumors. PMID- 6600713 TI - A rapid procedure for crossed radio immunoelectrophoresis. AB - A procedure for performing crossed radio immunoelectrophoresis (CRIE) with significantly reduced exposure times has been developed. The rapid method has been effected by using a highly sensitive X-ray film (Du Pont Cronex-4) and X-ray intensifying screen (Du Pont Lighting Plus) and by exposing at low temperatures ( 70 degrees C) in a Kodak X-Omatic cassette. Exposure at -70 degrees C appears to be critical to obtain optimal radiostaining. Furthermore, the isotope concentration has been increased from 250,000 to 500,000 cpm without any loss of specificity or reproducibility. The rapid CRIE procedure makes it possible to obtain a CRIE screening within 1 day and, furthermore, a complete CRIE classification (CRIE classes A-G) within 5 days. PMID- 6600714 TI - Detection of IgE antibodies in onchocerciasis using a semi-purified fraction from Dipetalonema viteae total antigen. AB - A Dipetalonema viteae extract was separated by gel filtration on ACA 34 Ultrogel into four fractions (A, B, C and D). The allergenic activity of the D. viteae extract and its various fractions was assayed by the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) test in rats using mouse sera obtained from Balb/c mice transplanted with D. viteae. The PCA reaction showed that fraction B was the most potent allergenic fraction of the D. viteae extract. By the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) the use of fraction B coupled to CNBr-activated paper discs showed elevated binding of IgE antibodies in onchocerciasis human sera. A comparative study demonstrated the efficiency of the above fraction in the RAST technique in distinguishing between Onchocerca volvulus-infected patients and those infected with other human filarial worms or other helminth parasites. The binding of IgE to fraction B was confirmed by the radioimmunoelectrophoresis and radio-double diffusion methods using an 125I anti-human IgE. Since D. viteae antigens are more readily obtainable than those of O. volvulus, a further purification of fraction B to improve its specificity for the detection of IgE antibodies in human onchocerciasis is warranted. PMID- 6600715 TI - Cyclosporin A: alterations of the cellular immune response in S-antigen-induced experimental autoimmune uveitis. AB - We have previously shown that Cyclosporin A (CsA) is effective in preventing S antigen (S-Ag)-induced experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Lewis rats, which readily develop EAU, were studied for the alterations in cell-mediated immune functions associated with CsA therapy. Lymph nodes draining the site of S-Ag immunization were significantly smaller in the CsA-treated animals when compared to the nonprotected group (p less than 0.01), and also showed profound histologic alterations when compared to controls. In vitro responses of lymphocytes from lymph node and peripheral blood were greatly diminished in the CsA-treated animals. Sera from rats treated with CsA also were capable of inhibiting in vitro proliferative responses. These findings demonstrate that CsA-treated Lewis rats have alterations in several cell-mediated immune functions, thereby not permitting full development of the immune events that ultimately lead to uveitis. PMID- 6600716 TI - Regulation of lymphocyte transformation by components identified in ultrafiltrates prepared from leukocyte extracts. AB - Leukocyte components which can inhibit or enhance the uptake of 3H-thymidine by peripheral lymphocytes can be prepared by ultrafiltration of leukocyte extracts followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-10. A potent inhibitor of lymphocyte transformation is present in an ultrafiltrate fraction having a nominal molecular weight of 5,000-10,000. Three other components having inhibitory, and one component having enhancing, activity on lymphocyte transformation were found in an ultrafiltrate fraction having a molecular weight less than 5,000. The inhibitory components in the latter were principally derived from polymorphs and inhibited both T and B lymphocyte proliferation. Enhancing components were mainly derived from mononuclear cells and augmented the proliferation of T cells only. PMID- 6600717 TI - Enhancement of IgE antibody production by ovalbumin aerosol in mice. AB - The effect of aerosolized ovalbumin (OA) on the induction of IgE antibody production was investigated in BALB/c mice. Enhancement of anti-OA IgE antibody production was obtained after the administration of 10 micrograms OA in mice preexposed to 1% aerosolized OA for 6 or 30 min, and after the administration of 1 microgram OA in mice preexposed to aerosolized OA for 30 min. IgE antibody production could also be induced by preexposure to aerosolized OA at a concentration as low as 0.1%. A carrier effect was observed by preexposure to aerosolized OA using a hapten-carrier system. In the latter system, whole body irradiation (200 R) could not enhance IgE response, suggesting that irradiation sensitive suppressor T cells might be generated in insufficient amount or not at all by aerosolized OA. Preexposure to aerosolized dinitrophenol-OA could not enhance anti-dinitrophenol IgE response. These results suggest that the exposure to aerosolized antigen primed preferentially T helper cells. PMID- 6600718 TI - Characterization of anti-double-stranded DNA antibody-forming cells in the NZB/W mouse spleen. AB - Characterization of anti-double-stranded (ds) DNA antibody-forming cells in the spleen of the NZB/W mouse was attempted. Anti-ds DNA antibody-forming cells formed antibodies in vitro without any antigenic stimulus. Depletion of T cells in the NZB/W spleen cells did not abolish but enriched the anti-ds DNA antibody forming capacity. Anti-ds DNA antibody formation was not abolished by 1,000 R of irradiation which suggests that there was no mitotic process involved. An in vivo irradiation experiment using NZB/W mice indicated that persistent anti-ds DNA antibody formation is mediated by radio-resistant antibody-forming cells. PMID- 6600719 TI - Establishment and characterization of a human non-secretory plasmacytoid cell line and its hybridization with human B cells. AB - A human non-secretory plasmacytoid cell line has been established for 6 years in more than 170 passages. Over 300 passages have been made from several early and late passages. The cell line is karyotypically normal, easily grown and has the characteristic features of a non-secretory plasmablast. Its characteristics suggest its use for hybridization by new methods as well as a study of its secretory defect. HPRT-negative phenotypic mutants can be derived from this line and a single polyploid clone has also been isolated. Hybridization with the HPRT+ and HPRT- lines X human B cells is described. PMID- 6600720 TI - Persistent in vitro infection by human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus (HTLV) of normal human T-lymphocytes from blood relatives of patients with HTLV-associated mature T-cell neoplasms. PMID- 6600721 TI - Production of colony-stimulating factors by Hodgkin cell lines. AB - This work was performed with L 428, a cell line established in 1978 from a patient with Hodgkin's disease. These in vitro cells represent counterparts of in vivo Hodgkin and Sternberg-Reed cells. L 428 and its derived sublines produce a significant amount of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) compared to standard preparations of CSF (fetal liver conditioned medium). Hodgkin-cell-derived conditioned medium, tested in cord-blood assays and in semi-solid agar systems, induced myeloproliferation predominantly. Production of CSF is independent of fetal calf serum concentration in the cultures. L 428-conditioned medium could provide an excellent source for characterization and purification of granulocyte CSF. PMID- 6600722 TI - Detection of H-2Dd and H-2Kd molecules in purified Rauscher leukemia virus. AB - Evidence is presented that an H-2 antigenic activity is associated with Rauscher murine leukemia virions grown in vitro. Purified Rauscher MuLV grown in fibroblasts of BALB/c (H-2d), C57BL/6 (H-2b) or (BALB/c X C57BL/6)F1 (H-2d/b) were used to absorb the activity of anti-Dd, anti-Kd, anti-Db or anti-Kb antisera tested against H-2-related targets by cellular radioimmunoassay. The results show that Dd and Kd activities were associated with the virions grown in H-2d or H 2d/b fibroblasts. No H-2b antigenic activity was detected in the virions grown in C57BL/6 or F1 fibroblasts. Immunoprecipitation of surface-labelled spleen cells revealed that Rauscher MuLV grown in BALB/c or F1 fibroblasts inhibited the precipitation of the 48 000 dalton peaks characteristic of the Dd and Kd molecules whereas the precipitation of H-2b molecules was not modified by Rauscher MuLV grown in the different cell lines. Class II molecules (Ia) were not detected in Rauscher virions. Comparison of the absorbing activities of intact and disrupted viruses suggests that the H-2 activity was localized at the viral surface. Taken together, these results confirm the possible non-random association of H-2 molecules to type-C viral particles whatever the nature of this association and its possible cellular or extracellular origin. However, the H-2 antigens found in the virions being a non-restricting element of anti-viral cytolytic T lymphocytes in the same system, these results give no particular support to the "altered self" hypothesis. PMID- 6600723 TI - Autocrine function of murine F-MuLV induced myeloblastic cell lines. AB - Four in vitro permanent suspension cell lines have been established from tumoral organs of myelogenous leukemias developed in mice infected with two biologically cloned Friend helper viruses. Leukemic cells in culture were 100% typical myeloblasts exhibiting a strong myeloperoxidase positivity. A few cells were induced to granulocytic or macrophagic terminal differentiation by post-endotoxin serum and by various chemical differentiation inducers such as DMSO, N-butyrate and TPA. We investigated the conditions sustaining the clonal proliferation of these leukemic cells in semi-solid cultures. Cloning efficiencies were increased by the vicinity of a large number of autologous cells and by the addition of autologous culture supernatant, indicating that the leukemic cells were able to stimulate their own in vitro growth. Cloning efficiencies were also increased by different sources of CSA, such as WEHI-3B conditioned medium and post-endotoxin serum. Moreover, the various cell lines stimulated each other through soluble factor(s) secreted in their culture supernatants. Proteins contained in these four culture supernatants were fractionated by successive ammonium sulfate precipitations and ion exchange chromatography. In the four cases the autostimulating activities were eluted in the same fractions as proteins stimulating the normal bone marrow cells colony formation (CSA). These data suggest that the myeloblastic leukemic cell autostimulating factor(s) might be related to the physiological CSA. PMID- 6600725 TI - Youth at risk: marijuana use among Native American and Caucasian youths. AB - An exploration is undertaken of the relationships between legal control, peer and parental influences, and perceptions of marijuana smoking as risk-taking behavior; and of the use of marijuana in a rural school district that serves a culturally diverse community. Specifically, data were obtained from the school district by means of an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire. A total of 605 questionnaires were obtained from the district, including 104 completed by Native American youth. The linkages between the social control variables, personal biographical data, risk assignments, and self-reported marijuana smoking were significantly different for each of the groups studied. In fact, the variables that revealed the most about Caucasian marijuana smoking revealed the least about this activity among the Native Americans, and vice versa. These findings and their implications are explored. PMID- 6600724 TI - Solvent abuse--attitudes and knowledge among Saskatchewan retailers. PMID- 6600726 TI - Caffeine-mediated release of alpha-radiation-induced G2 arrest increases the yield of chromosome aberrations. AB - Severe and partly irreversible G2 arrest caused by americium-241 alpha-particles in Chinese hamster V79 cells acted as a competing process to the yield of detectable aberrant mitoses at metaphase. With increasing dose of alpha-radiation an increasing fraction of cells was irreversibly arrested in G2 with the consequence of interphase death before the first post-irradiation mitosis. This irreversible G2 arrest (demonstrated by flow cytofluorometry and mitotic indices) could be overcome by adding caffeine 8 hours after irradiation, the time point of maximum G2 arrest (80-90 per cent of all cells). Within 3.5 hours the number of aberrant mitoses increased by this treatment from 54 to 96 per cent and from 65 to 99.9 per cent for doses of 1.75 and 4.38 Gy of alpha-particles, respectively. The aberration frequency per mitotic cell, scored as chromatid and isochromatid breaks, rings, interchanges and dicentrics increased by a factor of about 3 after releasing G2 arrested cells. The frequency distribution of aberrations per cell revealed that, after 4.38 Gy, 58 per cent of the formerly G2-arrested cells had more than five aberrations per cell compared to only 8 per cent without the interaction of caffeine. PMID- 6600727 TI - In vitro studies on the sensitivity of canine granulopoietic progenitor cells (GM CFC) to ionizing radiation: differences between steady state GM-CFC from blood and bone marrow. AB - The radiosensitivity of the granulopoietic progenitor cells (GM-CFC) from blood and bone marrow of dogs under steady state conditions was studied by in vitro irradiation with 280kV X-rays (approximately 0.56 Gy/min). The dose-effect relationship for colony formation was determined for the dose range from 0 to 3 Gy by means of three different models. A simple exponential function revealed an optimal approximation to the experimental data obtained for the clonogenic cells from the two different sources. The D0 values are 0.261 +/- 0.009 Gy and 0.600 +/ 0.011 Gy for the GM-CFC from blood and bone marrow, respectively. Irradiation of blood-derived GM-CFC in the presence of pre-irradiated bone marrow cells or irradiation of bone marrow cells as a mixture with pre-irradiated blood cells led to small changes only in the survival curves. According to the dose-effect relationship obtained from these studies the GM-CFC of the dog seem to be the most radiosensitive clonogenic haemopoietic cells among the different mammals. PMID- 6600728 TI - Effect of iron (III) ions on the radiosensitivity of uracil. AB - Aqueous solutions of uracil(U) in the presence of iron(III) were irradiated with 60Co gamma-rays both in the presence and in the absence of dissolved oxygen. The products of radiolysis (uracil dimer, cis- and trans-uracil glycol, hydroxy dihydrouracil and isobarbituric acid) were separated by means of paper chromatography using n-butanol: water (86:14) as the solvent. Radiolytic reduction of Fe(III) and the formation of Fe(II) were followed spectrophotometrically. In the absence of any additive, G(-U) is approximately 1.3, but with Fe(III) added G(-U) approaches a limiting value of 3.3 and the yield of cis-glycol increases. Radiosensitization by Fe(III) is found to be different from that of oxygen, which results in the yield of cis glycol decreasing and the yields of trans glycol and isobarbituric acid increasing. The mechanisms involved are discussed. PMID- 6600729 TI - Defective recovery from potentially lethal damage in some human fibroblast cell strains. AB - The repair of potentially lethal damage following treatment by gamma radiation was investigated in human fibroblasts held in a non-cycling state by maintenance in a medium containing 0.5 per cent foetal calf serum. Variation in their capacity to repair PLD was noted between three normal cell strains. A failure to repair PLD in ataxia-telangiectasia cells (AT5BI) was confirmed. In three cell strains which were intermediate between normals and A-T cells in their sensitivity, XP3BR, 46BR and GM1142, a limited capacity for the repair of PLD was observed. Two other cell strains, 47BR and 67BR, which showed little if any hypersensitivity could be clearly distinguished from normals after a 24 hour period for the repair of PLD. Thus the technique might permit better discrimination between cell strains. One other cell strain, H15617, could be distinguished from normals by proving hypersensitive under all conditions. Here, however, the repair of PLD appeared to be normal. PMID- 6600730 TI - The effect of gamma rays on the gonads of the olive fruit fly, Dacus oleae (Gmelin). AB - Pupae of the olive fruit fly, Dacus oleae (Gmelin) 1 to 2 days before adult emergence were irradiated with the suitable sterilizing dose of 80 Gy gamma rays. At intervals of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days after adult emergence, anatomical and biometrical studies were performed to determine the extent of recovery of D. oleae gonads during one month of adult life. There were some indications of gonad recovery after two weeks. This recovery was observed as a decrease in the percentage deviation from the corresponding controls of 20-day-old adult gonad (especially those of males). Generally, female gonads are more sensitive to gamma rays than those of males. PMID- 6600731 TI - Gamma-irradiation of human peripheral lymphocytes: effects of low and prolonged irradiation on sister chromatid exchange induction. PMID- 6600732 TI - Enhancement of misonidazole radiosensitization by an inhibitor of glutathione biosynthesis. PMID- 6600733 TI - Identification of some OH radical-induced products of lysozyme. AB - OH radical reactions with lysozyme in gamma-irradiated N2O saturated aqueous solutions caused formation of allo-threonine, alpha-amino-n-butyric acid, o- and m- tyrosines, and 2- and 3-hydroxytyrosines. These identified radiolytic products were characterized by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as their trimethylsilyl derivatives after HCl-hydrolysis of irradiated lysozyme. Their initial G-values were also determined using gas chromatography. The possible use of these radiolytic products as monitors of radiation-induced damage to proteins and the sites of attack are also discussed. PMID- 6600734 TI - Radiation damage to the erythrocyte membrane in the presence of radical anions. I. AB - Irradiated porcine erythrocytes demonstrated increased osmotic fragility, which was enhanced by the addition of anions. The extent of the damage produced by the secondary radicals depended on the kind of anion and conditions of irradiation. The most pronounced changes occurred in the presence of azide, whereas bromide and thiocyanate gave rise to a smaller enhancement of osmotic fragility. Irradiation of cells in air or N2O revealed that radical anions have more damaging effects on porcine erythrocytes in air. PMID- 6600735 TI - Radiation-induced lethality and mutation in a repair-deficient CHO cell line. AB - A U.V.-sensitive, DNA repair-deficient mutant of Chinese hamster ovary cells was tested for its response to the lethal effects of X-irradiation and simulated solar light, and to the mutagenic actions of X-rays. A slight sensitivity to killing by X-rays and a greater sensitivity to solar light was observed relative to the wild-type CHO cells. More mutations were induced at a given dose of X-rays in the sensitive cell line than in the wild-type. These results are interpreted in terms of overlap in the repair processes which take place after U.V. damage in mammalian cells with those that take place after other types of radiation damage. PMID- 6600736 TI - Humoral and cellular responses of ocular inflammation. PMID- 6600737 TI - Association of HLA antigen BW35 with severe Graves' ophthalmopathy. AB - Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) in patients with Graves' disease were investigated according to the ophthalmic classification system of the American Thyroid Association. All prior HLA studies of Graves' disease have disregarded the patients' specific ophthalmic manifestations. Examination of 18 A and 34 B loci antigens disclosed an increased frequency (corrected P = 0.002, relative risk = 13.1) of HLA-BW35 in patients improving with oral corticosteroids who have severe extraocular muscle and orbital inflammation (class 4-5) when compared to a geographically and racially matched control population. No statistically significant associations were found when patients without ophthalmic manifestations or with other categories of Graves' ophthalmopathy were compared to controls. The association of severe Graves' ophthalmopathy with HLA-BW35 may provide immunologic evidence to explain both the unpredictable association of the orbital and thyroid disturbances of Graves' disease as well as the unpredictable response of the orbital inflammation to oral corticosteroids. PMID- 6600738 TI - Heteropore populations of bullfrog alveolar epithelium. AB - Diffusional fluxes of a large number of hydrophilic solutes and water across bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) alveolar epithelium were measured in the Ussing-type flux chamber. Lungs were isolated from double-pithed animals and studied as flat sheets. Radioactive solutes and water were added to the upstream reservoir, and the rate of change of downstream reservoir radioactivity was monitored. A permeability coefficient was estimated for each substance from a linear relationship between radiotracer concentration in the downstream reservoir and time. These permeability data were used to analyze the equivalent water-filled pore characteristics of the alveolar epithelial barrier. The data reveal that the alveolar epithelium is best characterized by two distinct pore populations rather than by a single homogeneous pore population. The large-pore population consists of pores with a radius of about 5 nm and occupies 4% of the available pore area. The small-pore population consists of pores with a radius of about 0.5 nm and occupies 96% of the available pore area. The number of small pores to large pores is 2.68 X 10(3). After the alveolar surface was damaged by acid, a large-pore population with a radius of about 27 nm was seen, allowing nearly free diffusion of solutes. A major implication of the presence of two populations of pores in the alveolar epithelium is that hydrostatically driven bulk water flow occurs predominantly through the large pores, while osmotically driven bulk water flow takes place predominantly through the small pores. As a result, in general, hydrostatic and osmotic gradients may not be equally effective driving forces for water flow across this tissue. PMID- 6600739 TI - Pulmonary blood flow distribution measured by radionuclide-computed tomography. AB - Distributions of pulmonary blood flow per unit lung volume were measured with subjects in the prone, supine, and sitting positions by means of radionuclide computed tomography of intravenously administered 99mTc-labeled macroaggregates of human serum albumin. The blood flow was greater in the direction of gravity in all 31 subjects except one with severe mitral valve stenosis. With the subject in a sitting position, four different types of distribution were distinguished. One type had a three-zonal blood flow distribution as previously reported by West and co-workers (J. Appl. Physiol. 19: 713-724, 1964). Pulmonary arterial pressure and venous pressure estimated from this model showed reasonable agreement with pulmonary arterial pressure and capillary wedge pressure measured by Swan-Ganz catheter in 17 supine patients and in 2 sitting patients. The method makes possible noninvasive assessment of pulmonary vascular pressures. PMID- 6600740 TI - Renal papillary necrosis in horses. PMID- 6600741 TI - The beta-lactamase stability of amoxycillin with the beta-lactamase inhibitor, clavulanic acid. AB - The stability of low concentrations of amoxycillin in the presence of clavulanic acid (potassium salt) was determined for a wide range of clinically important beta-lactamases including the staphylococcal and TEM plasmid mediated enzymes. Even with enzyme preparations which completely hydrolysed the amoxycillin within a minute, clavulanic acid provided significant protection. The time course of the protection of amoxycillin reflected the time dependent action of clavulanic acid. PMID- 6600742 TI - Decline in coital rates with spouses' ages and duration of marriage. PMID- 6600743 TI - Factors affecting the ambulatory status of patients with spina bifida cystica. AB - Sixteen different factors that might affect the ambulatory status of patients with myelodysplasia after the age of five years were analyzed in ninety-eight patients using a linear regression technique (the Pearson correlation coefficient). Included in the study were fifty male and forty-eight female patients; the average age was fourteen years and four months (range, five years and nine months to thirty-one years and ten months). The sacral and fifth-lumbar paraplegics, with one exception, were all community ambulators. Fourth-lumbar paraplegics were usually functional ambulators, whose ability to walk was significantly influenced by musculoskeletal deformity of the spine, pelvis, hips, knees, feet, and ankles. Third-lumbar, first and second-lumbar, and thoracic level paraplegics usually were not functional ambulators. Ambulatory function was significantly influenced in third-lumbar paraplegics by hip deformity, in first and second-lumbar paraplegics by obesity and possibly by age, and in thoracic level paraplegics by age and by knee-foot-ankle deformities. Transitions in ambulatory status were usually to a lower functional level and were related to motivation, obesity, and musculoskeletal deformity. Ultimately, ambulatory status is probably related in large measure to the energy expenditure that is necessary to walk, but studies of energy requirements were not done. These findings emphasize the importance of controlling obesity as well as any musculoskeletal deformities that will influence the patient's ultimate walking ability. PMID- 6600744 TI - Production of colony stimulating factor in long-term bone marrow cultures. AB - Previous studies have shown no detectable colony-stimulating factor (CSF) in media harvested from long-term bone marrow cultures. In the present experiments supernatants from long-term cultures established in three laboratories were assayed for CSF by colony assay and by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Most samples were devoid of biologic activity but all contained CSF as judged by RIA. Biologic activity was found in the majority of samples after diafiltration to remove low molecular weight inhibitors or 5-fold concentration by ultrafiltration. Samples that remained inactive in the colony assay were subjected to gel filtration on Sephadex G-150 to remove potential high molecular weight inhibitors. Biologic activity remained lower than that by RIA in two of three samples tested. Thus, most long-term cultures appear to contain biologically active CSF but this activity is masked by various types of inhibitors. In addition some media appear to contain material that is only detected by RIA. PMID- 6600745 TI - IgG1 is the predominant subclass of in vivo- and in vitro- produced anti-tetanus toxoid antibodies and also serves as the membrane IgG molecule for delivering inhibitory signals to anti-tetanus toxoid antibody-producing B cells. AB - Peripheral blood leukocytes from individuals immunized with tetanus toxoid can be stimulated by pokeweed mitogen to produce IgG anti-tetanus toxoid antibody (IgG Tet) in vitro. Previous studies have shown that treatment of these cells with tetanus toxoid or anti-human IgG reagents can inhibit this in vitro antibody synthesis. We have examined the four IgG subclasses on the surface of B cells for their relative contributions in the anti-IgG antibody-induced inhibition of IgG Tet production. With all donors, the inclusion of anti-IgG1, but not anti-IgG2, IgG3, or -IgG4, antiserum resulted in the in vitro inhibition of IgG-Tet synthesis. The magnitude of this inhibition was similar to that induced by treatment of the B cells with tetanus toxoid antigen. When the supernatants from normal in vitro cultures were assayed for IgG-Tet of the various IgG subclasses, it was observed that the IgG-Tet were almost exclusively IgG1. Similar results were obtained when serum IgG-Tet were measured. Thus, IgG1 appears to be the major subclass for (1) the in vivo-produced IgG-Tet, (2) the in vitro-produced IgG-Tet, and (3) the membrane receptor which can selectively convey an inhibitory signal to the IgG-Tet B cell. PMID- 6600746 TI - Bacteremic infections caused by nontypable Haemophilus influenzae in patients with dysgammaglobulinemia. AB - Two patients with dysgammaglobulinemia had bacteremic infections due to nontypable Haemophilus influenzae. The regular use of counterimmunoelectrophoresis or the more careful use of existing agglutination techniques to serotype Haemophilus isolates may identify nontypable H. influenzae in this clinical setting more frequently than has been though possible. PMID- 6600747 TI - Lactoferrin binds to cell membrane DNA. Association of surface DNA with an enriched population of B cells and monocytes. AB - The binding of human 125I-labeled lactoferrin (LF) to a population of adherent mononuclear cells (ADMC) and nonrosetting lymphocytes (E-) was abolished by prior treatment of the cells with deoxyribonuclease (DNase), but not ribonuclease (RNase). When DNase-treated ADMC were incubated with exogenous DNA, the binding of 125I-LF was restored. Enzymatic digestion with other enzymes, trypsin, phospholipase D, and neuraminidase, did not significantly influence 125I-LF binding. Saturable binding of LF at 0 degrees C was demonstrated for both E- and ADMC, with equilibrium dissociated constants of 0.76 x 10(-6) M and 1.8 x 10(-6) M, respectively. E- cells bound 2.5 x 10(7) and ADMC bound 3.3 x 10(7) molecules of Lf at saturation. Cell membranes were isolated from ADMC, E- and E+ and reacted with 125I-labeled LF; significant binding was only seen with ADMC and E-. Prior treatment of the membranes with DNase abolished the binding. Immunofluorescence studies indicated that a population of ADMC and E-, but not E+, exhibited a peripheral staining pattern for LF. Prior treatment of ADMC and E with DNase abolished the surface immunofluorescence. This study provides evidence that cell membrane DNA acts as a binding site for exogenous LF. This is a novel role for DNA that has not been previously reported. Furthermore, it points to a basic difference between E+ cells vs. ADMC and E- cells in respect to their possession of cell surface DNA. PMID- 6600748 TI - Pathogenesis of the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Evidence of oxidant activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. AB - Evidence is presented indicating that oxidants are generated in lungs of patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The evidence was derived from observations that alpha-1-PI, recovered in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, had been inactivated by oxidation, presumably oxidation of the methionyl residue in the reaction site of the molecule. This was indicated by findings that activity of the alpha-1-PI could be restored by exposure to the reducing agent, dithiothreitol in the presence of methionyl sulfoxide peptide reductase. The amount of activity restored was proportional to the amount of inactive alpha-1-PI present at 52,000 D. Oxidation of the 52,000-D alpha-1-PI was also revealed by the finding that the inactive molecule was subject to proteolytic cleavage to 47,000 D when exposed to porcine pancreatic elastase, a characteristic of alpha-1 PI with oxidized methionyl residues in the reactive site. Inactivation of the alpha-1-PI in vivo also resulted from complexing to an active enzyme, shown previously to be neutrophil elastase, and from proteolytic cleavage in vivo, that produced a fragment of 47,000 mol wt. In contrast to that in BAL fluids, the alpha-1-PI in plasma of patients with respiratory distress syndrome was found to be greater than 90% active in 14 of 22 cases and 50-90% active in 8 cases. This suggested that for the most part, alpha-1-PI was inactivated after leaving the vessels and entering the lung. The circulating alpha-1-PI in patients with the respiratory distress syndrome was found to be equally susceptible to oxidative inactivation as alpha-1-PI from normal individuals. It seems improbable therefore that patients develop ARDS because of labile alpha-1-PI inhibitor. PMID- 6600749 TI - Morphometric characterisation of 52 B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. AB - Fifty-two B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, in which the diagnosis was based on immunological, cytochemical, and ultrastructural studies, were characterised by morphometry on plastic-embedded tissue sections. Parameters studied were: nuclear size, cytoplasmic area, cytoplasm to nucleus ratio, nuclear contour index, nucleolar size, location of nucleoli within the nucleus, as expressed by relative nucleolar eccentricity, and the mean number of nucleoli per nuclear cross section. The results of the measurements and subsequent statistical analysis show that the different types of lymphoma can be distinguished from each other, even though the differences were small. Small cell lymphomas (chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, lymphoplasmacytoid and polymorphic immunocytoma, centrocytic, centroblastic/centrocytic and intermediate lymphocytic lymphomas) could be separated from each other by the standard error of mean (SEM) of nuclear area, the cytoplasm to nucleus ratio, and nuclear contour index. Large cell lymphomas (centroblastic and B immunoblastic lymphomas) could be differentiated with cytoplasm to nucleus ratio and nucleolar parameters (relative nucleolar eccentricity and number of nucleoli per nuclear cross-section). The morphometric parameters of lymphoblastic lymphomas fell in the range of the large cell lymphomas, but lower SEM indicate these lymphomas were more monomorphic. These morphometric data underline the concept of the Kiel classification and establish the usefulness of morphometry as an additional technique in diagnosis. PMID- 6600751 TI - Evidence for an orderly arrangement of optic axons within the optic nerves of the major nonmammalian vertebrate classes. AB - The pathways of selected optic axons were traced in representative urodele, anuran, teleost, reptile, and avian species by filling the fibers with HRP or by tracing, at the light and electron microscopic (EM) level, the degeneration caused by focal retinal or optic nerve lesions. In all species it was shown that fibers retain retinotopic neighborhood relationships throughout their transit of the optic nerve. Additionally, in anurans, it was found that a subset of large diameter, myelinated fibers take up a random arrangement in the nerve. It is argued that retinotopic fiber organisation is a reflection of contact guidance of axons during fiber outgrowth in the embryo and that this organisation could account for the arrival of fibers in orderly arrays at central nuclei during normal embryonic development. PMID- 6600750 TI - Langerhans cells increase in the dermal lesions of adult T cell leukaemia in Japan. AB - In cases of adult T cell leukaemia neoplastic T cell infiltration in the skin was accompanied by an increase in Langerhans cells. This is in keeping with the view that Langerhans cells may induce antigen-specific and allogenic T cell activation. PMID- 6600752 TI - Treatment of chancroid. PMID- 6600753 TI - Association of HLA-DR4 with vitiligo. PMID- 6600755 TI - Correction for scattered radiation in a ring detector positron camera by integral transformation of the projections. AB - A "deconvolution" algorithm for the determination of the scatter contribution in positron emission tomography is described. The projected distributions of scattered radiation measured with a line source at different positions in water phantoms are described analytically. It is shown that an integral transformation of the observed projections with a slightly modified analytical function gives an adequate description of the scattered radiation. The scatter distribution from any composite object can thus be calculated and subsequently subtracted. The algorithm is tested on different objects. The result shows that the level of scattered radiation can be reduced from 25 to 1% of the total count rate in the center of the projection from a homogeneous phantom. PMID- 6600754 TI - Superimposition of Krypton-81m single photon emission CT and X-ray CT images for cerebral blood flow evaluation. AB - Selective arteriographic infusion of krypton-81m was used to obtain cerebral single photon emission computed tomograms. These were then superimposed on X-ray computed tomograms to assess topographically the perfusion of the entire brain. This method enhances the detecting capability for abnormal perfusion areas and has been used in 21 patients with various brain diseases. PMID- 6600756 TI - Design of steady-state positron emission tomography protocols for neurobehavioral studies: CO15O and 19Ne. AB - Although the [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomographic technique for measuring regional glucose metabolic rate has been successfully employed for neurobehavioral studies, the long (greater than 30 min) equilibration time required may complicate the interpretation of experimental results. Positron emission tomography neurobehavioral protocols employing the continuous inhalation of CO15O and 19Ne were developed for measuring regional cerebral blood flow during multiple control and stimulation periods. Timing, lung absorbed dose, statistical accuracy, and resolution were considered. Studies with 19Ne require shorter equilibration and stimulation times than do CO15O studies but entail higher absorbed doses and yield poorer imaging statistics. PMID- 6600757 TI - [Effect of the magnetic field on the changes in heart rate and serotonin content of isolated frog heart]. PMID- 6600758 TI - Coronary artery surgery in women compared with men: analyses of risks and long term results. AB - A surgical experience with 2,445 consecutive women who underwent isolated bypass grafting was analyzed for comparison with 18,079 consecutive men. Severe or unstable angina occurred preoperatively in 60% of women and 45% of men (p less than 0.001). Despite less three vessel disease (44 versus 56%, p less than 0.001) and better left ventricular contraction (normal in 60% of women and 53% of men [p less than 0.001]), women had a higher operative mortality rate (2.9 versus 1.3%). When matched for age, severity of angina and extent of coronary atherosclerosis, women still had twice the operative mortality of men. In matched patients, body surface area was the strongest predictor of operative risk, even when the model was adjusted for gender. When the model was adjusted for body surface area, gender was not an important predictor of operative death. The smaller size of women, rather than their sex, appears to explain the difference in operative mortality. After a mean interval of 2 years, women had a lower overall graft patency rate (76.4%) than men (82.1%) (p less than 0.001). At 5 and 10 years postoperatively, a higher percent of men were angina-free. Yet, survival for women (90.6%) and for men (93.0%) at 5 years, and at 10 years (78.6 and 78.2%, respectively) was not dissimilar. PMID- 6600759 TI - Prospective assessment of regional myocardial perfusion before and after coronary revascularization surgery by quantitative thallium-201 scintigraphy. AB - Because thallium-201 uptake relates directly to the amount of viable myocardium and nutrient blood flow, the potential for exercise scintigraphy to predict response to coronary revascularization surgery was investigated in 47 consecutive patients. All patients underwent thallium-201 scintigraphy and coronary angiography at a mean (+/- standard deviation) of 4.3 +/- 3.1 weeks before and 7.5 +/- 1.6 weeks after surgery. Thallium uptake and washout were computer quantified and each of six segments was defined as normal, showing total or partial redistribution or a persistent defect. Persistent defects were further classified according to the percent reduction in regional thallium activity; PD25 50 denoted a 25 to 50% constant reduction in relative thallium activity and PD greater than 50 denoted a greater than 50% reduction. Of 82 segments with total redistribution before surgery, 76 (93%) showed normal thallium uptake and washout postoperatively, versus only 16 (73%) of 22 with partial redistribution (probability [p] = 0.01). Preoperative ventriculography revealed that 95% of the segments with total redistribution had preserved wall motion, versus only 74% of those with partial redistribution (p = 0.01). Of 42 persistent defects thought to represent myocardial scar before surgery, 19 (45%) demonstrated normal perfusion postoperatively. Of the persistent defects that showed improved thallium perfusion postoperatively, 75% had normal or hypokinetic wall motion before surgery, versus only 14% of those without improvement (p less than 0.001). Whereas 57% of the persistent defects that showed a 25 to 50% decrease in myocardial activity demonstrated normal thallium uptake and washout postoperatively, only 21% of the persistent defects with a decrease in myocardial activity greater than 50% demonstrated improved perfusion after surgery (p = 0.02). Thus, preoperative quantitative thallium-201 scintigraphy appears useful in predicting response to revascularization surgery, and some persistent defects may revert to normal thallium uptake after surgery. Importantly, the preoperative distinction between viable and nonviable myocardium can be reasonably established by quantitating the amount of persistent reduction in thallium uptake and correlating this with preoperative wall motion. PMID- 6600760 TI - Prognosis and treatment of asymptomatic coronary artery disease. AB - Despite the large number of studies dealing with the natural history of angiographically defined coronary artery disease, there is still a paucity of data on the prognosis of totally asymptomatic persons. From the small number of reported studies, it appears that prognosis in selected asymptomatic patients may be better than that of symptomatic patients. However, the annual mortality rate in the subgroup of asymptomatic patients with triple vessel disease was as high as 4 to 5% in some studies that included patients with prior myocardial infarction or mild symptoms, or both. This has reinforced the views of those who advocate a more aggressive medical/surgical approach to asymptomatic patients with left main and triple vessel disease, especially if they have had a prior infarction. Although several small series of surgically treated patients have been reported to have excellent short-term survival rates, the absence of adequate control groups in nearly all of these studies has left the issue of prophylactic revascularization unresolved. Until there is more knowledge of prognosis in patients not operated on, it is likely to remain unresolved. PMID- 6600761 TI - Reduction of interference by specific IgG with a modified microtiter solid-phase radioimmunoassay to measure honeybee venom IgE. AB - By means of monoclonal mouse anti-human IgE antibody, the microtiter solid-phase radioimmunoassay (MSPRIA) was modified to measure honeybee venom (HBV) IgE. HBV IgG was measured by MSPRIA(G) using affinity column purified goat anti-human IgG antibody and correlated with results obtained with staphylococcal protein A SPRIA. Nonlinear specific IgE dilution curves were associated with high HBV IgG content. By serial transfer and assay of the supernatant, the interference of IgE by specific IgG could be reduced. The degree of interference was correlated with the specific IgG content. The principle of serial supernatant transfer and assay was applied to the standardization of reference HBV IgE serum, and the quantitation of HBV IgE contents in patients and controls. HBV IgE levels in patients allergic to honeybee stings correlated with the skin-test endpoint titrations. While 75% of the allergic patients were skin-test positive, 83% of them were IgE positive by the MSPRIA and 67% were IgE positive by the RAST. PMID- 6600762 TI - Electrical stimulation of bone. A practical review. PMID- 6600763 TI - A longitudinal study of nutritional intake in men. AB - Seven-day dietary diaries were provided by 180 male participants in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging during each of three time periods (1961 to 1965, 1966 to 1970, and 1971 to 1975). These men are a highly educated, upper-middle class group. At the time of their first diary, they were aged 35 to 74 years. The data were analyzed for aging, cohort, and time effects on diet by utilizing three types of research designs concurrently: cross-sectional, longitudinal, and time series. The nutrients considered were calories, protein, carbohydrate, fat, saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and cholesterol. Aging had a negative effect on intake of calories, fat, saturated fatty acids, and cholesterol. Cohort effects were not observed for any of these nutrients. Over time, intake of carbohydrates and cholesterol declined, while intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids rose. PMID- 6600764 TI - An assay for C1q biosynthesis in cultured human fibroblasts. AB - With a standard C1 haemolytic assay, cultured human fibroblasts were shown to synthesize and secrete haemolytically active C1 and C1q. An assay for detection and quantitation of intra-cellular biosynthesis and secretion of C1q was then developed, using Sepharose beads covalently coated with goat monospecific anti C1q IgG. The molecular structure of fibroblast C1q was found to be unusual in 2 ways: firstly, it probably represented an enlarged pro-C1q, and secondly, the secreted molecule had a different structure from the cell associated molecule. PMID- 6600765 TI - Determination in the nanogram range of C1q in serum and unconcentrated CSF by electro-immunodiffusion. AB - A new method for the determination of C1q in serum and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) is described. The method has a sensitivity of 6 ng per assay or 1.2 mg/l. With this technique the mean value for C1q in normal human serum was 276 +/- 25 mg/l. The ratio of C1q in the blood compared with that in the CSF of normal individuals was more than 400: 1, since essentially no C1q could be detected in normal CSF. This ratio dropped considerably in some patients with neurological disorders, due to an increase in C1q levels in the CSF. Evidence is presented that these increased levels of CSF C1q are largely due to local synthesis of C1q rather than transudation of plasma C1q. This suggests that C1q in the CSF may serve as a marker of macrophage activity inside the central nervous system. PMID- 6600766 TI - Immune complex assays and stored normal human sera. PMID- 6600767 TI - Stimulation of [3H]thymidine uptake in mouse marrow by granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor from mouse lung conditioned medium. AB - Stimulation of [3H]thymidine uptake in mouse marrow cells by a haematopoietic factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor from mouse lung conditioned medium, was used to follow the activity of the factor in the medium, and during its partial purification from the medium. The assay was performed in microtitre plates and found to be much easier and faster than conventional colony counting. The marrow cells were incubated in flat-bottomed plates in the presence of the factor for 5 days before labelling with [3H]thymidine (2 muCi/well, 5 Ci/mmole) for 6 h. Stimulation of the [3H]thymidine uptake was compared with the development of granulocyte-macrophage colonies in semisolid methylcellulose culture. The activity followed by both assays showed identical behaviour when subjected to ammonium sulphate precipitation, Sephadex gel filtration, concanavalin-A-Sepharose chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 6600768 TI - A sensitive radioimmunoassay for the detection of monoclonal anti-idiotope antibodies. AB - A radioimmunoassay was developed in order to detect anti-idiotypic antibodies in the supernatants of hybrid cells. This assay is both sensitive and specific for anti-idiotypic (but not anti-allotypic) antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies present in test supernatants are bound by an anti-immunoglobulin coated solid phase. Subsequent incubation with a source of mouse immunoglobulin 'blocks' unreacted anti-immunoglobulin antibodies on the solid phase. Anti-idiotypic antibodies are then detected by their ability to bind 125I-labelled idiotype-bearing antibody. This paper describes the use of this assay to detect monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies in 2 systems: the cross-reactive idiotype of A/J anti-ABA antibodies, and the idiotype expressed by the myeloma protein HOPC 8. Similarly, 125I labelled anti-idiotype antibodies may be used in this assay to detect monoclonal idiotype-bearing antibodies. Further modifications are described which would allow the detection of monoclonal anti-allotype antibodies. PMID- 6600769 TI - Intracellular localization of synthesized immunoglobulins in B cells: a modified method. PMID- 6600770 TI - A quantitative analysis of cell surface glycosphingolipid with a fluorescence activated cell sorter. AB - The fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) was used with an indirect membrane immunofluorescence technique to detect antibody against the Forssman antigen, a glycosphingolipid. Sheep erythrocytes, which contain Forssman antigen as a major membrane glycosphingolipid, were used as the target antigen. Detection of the anti-Forssman antibody on the sheep erythrocytes was done with specific fluorescein-conjugated second antibody and analyzed on a FACS. Compared to other available methods, analysis with the FACS was simple, sensitive, reproducible and quantitative. More than 250 pg of antibody could be detected. In addition, as little as 1 ng of Forssman antigen could be estimated by a binding inhibition experiment. PMID- 6600771 TI - Expression of Helix pomatia (HP) haemagglutinin receptors on cytolytic lymphocytes activated in mixed cultures. AB - The expression of receptors for Helix pomatia (HP) haemagglutinin, a T cell marker, was assayed on human lymphocytes cultivated with K562 or allogeneic lymphocytes. The receptor was detected on the cells after neuraminidase treatment by reactivity with FITC conjugated HP. By affinity chromatography the lymphocyte populations were separated into 3 subsets: (1) a subset which did not attach to the lectin column; (2) and (3) two subsets attaching with different avidities, and therefore eluting with different concentrations of the lectin-binding sugar hapten. The subsets were characterized for T cell markers, HP and E receptors, the B cell marker SIg and also for Fc receptors, and were tested for lytic potential against K562 and allogeneic blasts. A high proportion of HP receptor positive T blasts did not attach to the lectin column, and thus had low avidity HP receptors, confirming that activation of T lymphocytes is accompanied by decreased expression of T markers. The passed fraction which was enriched in blasts had the strongest cytotoxic function, while the fraction rich in cells with high avidity HP receptors and containing mainly small cells, had weak activity. This was true for both the anti-K562 and allospecific activities. Thus the phenotypic characteristics of the cells exerting the two types of lytic function were similar. The distribution of the lytic potential in the three subsets correlated with the presence of E and EA receptor positive blasts. PMID- 6600772 TI - Intestinal beta-lactamase activity in ampicillin-induced, Clostridium difficile associated ileocecitis. AB - Daily oral administration of ampicillin to hamsters consistently resulted in fatal ileocecitis due to ampicillin-susceptible strains of Clostridium difficile. Ampicillin was not detected in the cecal contents of these hamsters once C. difficile appeared. Cecal contents obtained from hamsters with ampicillin-induced ileocecitis displayed beta-lactamase activity, whereas cecal contents obtained from untreated control hamsters did not. Colonization of the ceca with C. difficile corresponded to a decrease in the concentration of cecal ampicillin below the minimum inhibitory concentration effective against C. difficile in vitro. The concomitant administration of ampicillin and sulbactam, a nonabsorbable beta-lactamase inhibitor, protected hamsters from developing fatal ileocecitis. However, ileocecitis developed upon the discontinuation of treatment. beta-Lactamase produced by the cecal flora inactivates ampicillin present in the intestinal tract, thereby permitting ampicillin-sensitive C. difficile to multiply and cause disease. PMID- 6600773 TI - Transcutaneous nerve stimulation. Efficacy of clinical applications. PMID- 6600774 TI - Injection sclerotherapy. A safe innovation in the care of the variceal bleeder. PMID- 6600775 TI - Pathology as it relates to ear surgery. III Surgery of cerebello-pontine angle tumours. PMID- 6600776 TI - The effects of fibrin tissue adhesive on the middle ear. AB - This study investigated the effects of fibrin glue ('Tissucol', Immuno Pty. Ltd.) in the middle and inner ear. Small amounts of the adhesive were used in 36 operations performed on 18 rabbits. The light microscopic examination of these ears four, eight and 12 weeks after surgery showed that the adhesive was well tolerated and that it did not have any toxic effect on the middle ear or membranous labyrinth. The fibrin tissue adhesive can therefore safely be used to facilitate reconstructive middle-ear surgery and, with the aid of fascia, also for the closure of labyrinthine fistulae; or to achieve a definite seal of oval window niche after stapes surgery. PMID- 6600778 TI - Concentrations of epidermal growth factor in mouse milk throughout lactation. AB - A radioimmunoassay was used to measure the concentration of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in mouse milk throughout lactation. The EGF content of mouse milk increased steadily from birth to a concentration of 427 micrograms/l at day 8 of lactation. These high levels were maintained until the approach of weaning, when values decreased from day 17 to 130 micrograms/l at day 22. Milk samples chromatographed on a Biogel P10 column gave a major peak of immunoreactivity at the point at which pure standard EGF was eluted. The origin of milk EGF is unknown, but the high concentrations of this peptide identified in mouse milk suggest that it must play a role in the neonate. PMID- 6600777 TI - The use of immunological tolerance to investigate B lymphocyte replacement kinetics in chickens. AB - A simple mathematical model has been derived, describing the irreversible inactivation of immature B cells by high doses of antigen during induction of tolerance, and the antigen-independent replacement of B cells by differentiation of their precursors. The latter leads to recovery from tolerance, the rate of which can be used to assess the rate of B cell replacement in experiments. The model has been compared with experimental tolerance to human albumin in newly hatched chickens. (1) It has been shown that this tolerance cannot be explained only by elimination of B cells but (2) the computed rate of B cell replacement agreed with the experimental rate assessed by immunization of tolerant chickens with a cross-reacting antigen. (3) In order to further verify the model, additional experiments to test the rate of B cell replacement were suggested by the model. PMID- 6600779 TI - A sensitive radiometric assay for tryptophan hydroxylase applicable to crude extracts. AB - We describe here a simple and convenient method for assay of tryptophan 5 monooxygenase (hydroxylase), applicable to enzyme in all states of purification. It is based on the enzyme-catalysed formation of 5-hydroxy-[4-3H]tryptophan from [5-3H]tryptophan, and the subsequent acid-dependent quantitative release of 3H as 3H2O; unreacted substrate is removed with activated charcoal. The assay is linear with respect to both protein concentration and time, and gives results similar to those in a standard fluorimetric assay. PMID- 6600781 TI - Lipoma of the cerebellopontine angle. PMID- 6600780 TI - Immunity to transplantable nitrosourea-induced neurogenic tumors. II. Immunoprophylaxis of tumors of the brain. AB - An effective method was sought to immunize rats against the growth of intracerebrally (IC) injected T9 tumor, a gliosarcoma cell line. Rats which were immunized with either 10(6) T9 cells mixed with 0.14 mg C. parvum, or 10(7) irradiated T9 cells showed tumor immunity to intradermal (ID) transplantation. However, to obtain tumor immunity to an IC challenge of T9 cells, rats initially had to reject an ID challenge of T9 cells. After sequential rejections of ID challenges of as many as 10(7) cells, a high degree of immunity was obtained, allowing rejection of up to 5 X 10(6) T9 cells injected IC. Spleen cells from highly immunized rats mixed with T9 cells at a ratio of 1:25 (tumor:spleen) destroyed T9 tumor cells in a Winn test. Normal spleen cells had no effect on tumor growth. We conclude that: 1) T9 cells are moderately immunogenic, 2) an effective method of immunization of CDF rats against ID transplanted T9 cells is 10(6) T9 cells with 0.14 mg C. parvum or 10(7) irradiated T9 cells, 3) a higher degree of tumor immunity is necessary to reach the brain than is needed to reach the periphery, and 4) spleen cells of highly immunized rats are cytotoxic to T9 tumor cells. PMID- 6600782 TI - Performance evaluation of a positron tomograph designed for brain imaging. AB - The NeuroECAT, a multiplane positron tomograph for imaging the brain, was characterized in terms of both quantitative performance and image quality. The tomograph has four modes of operation, defined by the placement of interplane septa and shadow shields. Each mode was fully characterized by measurement of image resolution, axial resolution, resolution uniformity, scatter, accidentals, and deadtime. Each measurement was performed with scattering media simulating the human head, and resolutions were obtained from images processed with reconstruction techniques actually used in patient imaging. The results for the most frequent mode of operation are: image resolution 9.8 +/- 0.2 mm (FWHM), axial resolution 12.4 +/- 0.4 mm, and scatter 8.1% +/- 0.6. At a count rate of 10,000 cps per image plane, accidentals are 9% and the deadtime 3%. Accidentals are measured and subtracted in hardware, and corrections for deadtime loss are calculated from the on-line measurement of triple-coincidence events. Scatter is estimated from the scan data and subtracted in software. Image quality is demonstrated by phantom studies and by the patient images obtained with [F-18] fluorodeoxyglucose and carbon-11 monoxide. The FDG images show clear delineation of the convolutions of the cortical ribbon, internal gray nuclei, internal and external capsules, and other substructures of the brain. The carbon monoxide images, in addition to visualizing the large vessels, clearly show the blood volumes of the cortex, the Sylvian fissure, and the circle of Willis. PMID- 6600783 TI - Tl-201 single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) PMID- 6600784 TI - Thymosin treatment: serum corticosterone and lymphocyte mitogenesis in moderately and severely protein-malnourished mice. AB - The present studies were performed to determine the levels of serum corticosterone (SC) and the proliferation of lymphocytes in response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in mice that were injected with thymosin fraction V and fed low protein diets. We found that protein-malnourished mice had consistently higher SC values than the control animals. This result confirms the existence of nutritional stress, which stimulates the adrenal glands increasing the release of corticosteroid hormones. No changes were observed in the SC level in controls whether or not thymosin was injected. However, in mice fed a protein-deficient diet, there was a significant decrease in SC levels after thymosin treatment, as compared to those of groups not treated with thymosin. Additionally, the thymosin effect on the SC levels was correlated with the cell-mediated immune changes. A significant increase in both PHA and lipopolysaccharide-induced lymphocyte transformation was observed in spleen cells from malnourished mice treated with thymosin fraction V. Thus, stress-induced glucocorticoid immunosuppression was demonstrated in malnourished mice. Our results suggest that components of thymosin fraction V may be involved in the mechanism of the restoration of lymphocyte transformation that was suppressed by glucocorticoid in protein malnourished mice. PMID- 6600785 TI - Effects of prostaglandin modifiers and zinc deficiency on possibly related functions in rats. AB - Experiments were conducted to investigate the role of prostaglandins (PG) in zinc absorption and biological functions (food intake and weight gain, alkaline phosphatase activity, T-cell-mediated immune response). PG levels were modified by administering an inhibitor of their synthesis, aspirin or indomethacin in the diet. Zinc level was modified by controlling the dietary concentration. Weanling rats were fed the assigned diets for 1 month after which they were anesthetized with ether. Samples of blood, gut contents and mucosa, liver, lung and tibia were collected for zinc, PG, lymphocyte stimulation with T-cell mitogen, and alkaline phosphatase assays. There was more than 50% inhibition of PG synthesis by indomethacin and aspirin. This inhibition of PG synthesis, however, did not affect the zinc status of the rats as measured by general appearance, food intake, weight gain, organ weight, zinc concentration in different organs, serum alkaline phosphatase activity, and cell-mediated immune response to T-cell mitogens. It is concluded that under physiological conditions inhibitors of PG synthesis do not alter these zinc metabolic functions. PMID- 6600786 TI - Effect of dietary triglycerides on lymphocyte transformation in rats. AB - Weanling rats were fed casein-based diets containing purified and mixed triglycerides to evaluate the effect of these lipids on mitogen-induced lymphocyte transformation, lymphoid organ weights, and fatty acid profiles of the total lipid in plasma, spleen, and thymus. Test lipids were added at a level of 8 g per 100 g of diet. All diets contained 0.82 g of safflower oil per 100 g. The digestibility coefficients for tristearin, tripalmitin, and trimyristin were 20, 37, and 85%, respectively. Digestibility coefficients for all remaining triglycerides were 90% or greater. The differences in mitogen-induced lymphocyte transformation among rats fed the various dietary lipids were unrelated to saturation of the lipid and correlated negatively with total lipid absorbed. Except for tripalmitin and tristearin, dietary lipids significantly altered the fatty acid profiles of the total lipids in plasma, spleen and thymus. It was concluded that the fatty acid profiles of the total lipid in plasma, spleen and thymus can be altered without accompanying major changes in mitogen-induced blood lymphocyte transformation. It was further concluded that mitogen-induced lymphocyte transformation was unrelated to saturation of dietary lipid and appeared to be associated negatively and weakly with the quantity of dietary lipid absorbed. PMID- 6600787 TI - Differing patterns of altered glucocorticoid secretion in experimental malignant and benign hypertension. Influences upon the lymphoid system and on arterial connective tissue metabolism. PMID- 6600788 TI - Failure to detect extranuclear DNA in Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus. PMID- 6600789 TI - Protection to challenge with Trichinella spiralis after primary oral infection in congenitally athymic (nude) mice. PMID- 6600790 TI - Inactivation of cytochrome P-450 by a troleandomycin metabolite. Protective role of glutathione. AB - Troleandomycin, a macrolide antibiotic, has been shown to be demethylated and oxidized into a metabolite which forms an inactive complex with the iron(II) of cytochrome P-450. The role of glutathione in the metabolism of troleandomycin was investigated. Administration of troleandomycin (1 mmol X kg-1 p.o.) decreased the concentration of glutathione in the liver. The depletion of glutathione was increased in rats pretreated with phenobarbital and decreased in rats pretreated with CoCl2. In vitro, an inverse relationship was found between the concentration of glutathione in the incubation mixture and the appearance of the cytochrome P 450-troleandomycin metabolite complex. Glutathione, however, did not inhibit the demethylation of troleandomycin and did not destroy the cytochrome P-450 troleandomycin metabolite complex. The in vitro protective effect of glutathione was reproduced by cysteine but not by glycine. In vivo, decreasing the concentration of glutathione in the liver by food deprivation or by the administration of diethylmaleate increased the formation of the cytochrome P-450 troleandomycin metabolite complex. These results indicate that glutathione is depleted by a troleandomycin metabolite in vivo, whereas glutathione protects against the formation of the inactive cytochrome P-450-troleandomycin metabolite complex in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 6600791 TI - Synthesis and pharmacological studies of 4,4-disubstituted piperidines: a new class of compounds with potent analgesic properties. AB - A series of 4,4-disubstituted piperidines has been synthesized and evaluated for analgesic activity. Several of these analogues show analgesic potency comparable to morphine in the mouse writhing and tail-flick tests. A number of compounds exhibit high affinity for [3H]naloxone binding sites in rat brain membranes. Among the most potent derivatives are compounds 15 and 48. Although opiate-like, attempts to modify this activity with various substituents have failed to produce antagonistic properties. A few of these analogues also show marked long-lasting serotonin antagonism in the guinea pig serotonin toxicity test and the DL-5 hydroxytryptophan induced head-twitch model in the mouse. PMID- 6600792 TI - Structure-activity studies of highly potent cyclic [Cys4,Cys10]Melanotropin analogues. PMID- 6600793 TI - Some immunological studies in aplastic anaemia. AB - Peripheral blood studies in 29 patients with aplastic anaemia showed decrease in the mean numbers of total lymphocytes, T and B lymphocytes and monocytes. Quantitation of serum immunoglobulins carried out in 22 patients showed normal results in most cases. Although the significance of these immunological changes in the development of aplastic anaemia is not established they may represent a factor in addition to neutropenia in the pathogenesis of infections in this disease. PMID- 6600794 TI - Treatment of motor and sensory detrusor instability by electrical stimulation. AB - A new application of electrical stimulation to inhibit detrusor activity has been used in 15 patients with a variety of neural lesions. The results were astonishingly good and the device was well tolerated. In patients treated successfully for detrusor instability an absence of urgency occurred as a by product of electrical stimulation. Therefore, stimulation was used to treat uncomfortable bladder urgency without detrusor instability and was successful in the majority of patients. PMID- 6600795 TI - Bleeding manifestations in 100 patients with amyloidosis. AB - Focal or generalized hemorrhage is a commonly encountered clinical problem in patients with amyloidosis. In 100 patients with amyloidosis, 41 patients experienced one or more bleeding episodes: petechiae and ecchymoses (23), gastrointestinal tract bleeding (18), bleeding after a diagnostic procedure (eight), hematuria (three), hemoptysis (two), and miscellaneous (four). Severe hemorrhage was the cause of death in three patients. Bleeding occurred frequently in the absence of abnormalities of clotting tests, suggesting that hemorrhage in amyloidosis is most often due to amyloid infiltration of blood vessels. In this group of patients, an isolated factor X deficiency was not observed. PMID- 6600796 TI - The role of injection sclerotherapy in the emergency and definitive management of bleeding esophageal varices. AB - Acute esophageal variceal hemorrhage remains a catastrophic event with a high mortality from either exsanguination or hepatic coma precipitated by shock and the stress associated with massive blood transfusion, increased protein load in the gut, and the trauma of various procedures employed in an effort to arrest the bleeding. Survival from such an episode is followed by an increased risk of recurrent hemorrhage and a poorer prognosis than that of a patient with portal hypertension who has not sustained a variceal bleeding episode. Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy, especially if performed via the flexible instrument, would seem to be the treatment of choice for the acute variceal hemorrhage. It may prove to have a role in the subsequent management for the prevention of recurrent hemorrhage in certain categories of patients, although its exact place has yet to be defined. PMID- 6600797 TI - Marshaling macrophages against metastases. PMID- 6600798 TI - Persistent neurological deficit precipitated by hot bath test in multiple sclerosis. AB - For a half century, the hot bath test has been used as a "diagnostic test" in multiple sclerosis. The appearance of new neurological signs or aggravation of preexisting signs generally is transient, with resolution on return of body temperature to normal. We have observed four patients, however, with considerable and prolonged neurological debilitation after hot bath testing. We suggest caution in the application of such testing. PMID- 6600799 TI - Finite element analysis of current pathways with implanted electrodes. AB - A technique for numerical solution to complex electric field distribution problems has been devised. The specific application for which it was developed is the analysis of current density and isopotential line spacing from implanted neurostimulation electrodes. Three configurations of cerebellar stimulation electrodes in clinical use were studied for current spread to regions distant from the cerebellum using a planar model of the human head, neck, and upper torso in mid-saggital section. It was found that an array of cathodes on the superior cerebellar surface and an array of anodes on the inferior cerebellar surface causes significant current spread to the brainstem, a prediction confirmed by clinical observation in patients with previously implanted electrodes of this configuration. Results modelling other electrode configurations are also presented, along with a study of the effects of possible inaccuracies in available impedance data for neural tissue. PMID- 6600800 TI - Cytosolic androgen receptor in skeletal muscle from normal and dystrophic mice. AB - The cytosolic androgen receptor was studied in skeletal muscle of normal mice and of mice with hereditary muscular dystrophy (129/ReJ-dy). Mouse muscle contains a cytosolic androgen receptor with high affinity (KD 0.6 nM) and low capacity (Bmax 3fmol/mg protein). Dystrophic muscle contains a receptor with similar binding properties. The receptors from muscle of dystrophic and normal mice bind to DNA cellulose affinity columns and are eluted with similar patterns. The reported failure of androgens to alleviate the clinical signs of murine muscular dystrophy is probably not due to decreased androgen responsiveness of the affected muscles. PMID- 6600802 TI - Distribution of cardioplegic solution during bypass grafting. PMID- 6600801 TI - Results of combined valvular and myocardial revascularization operations. AB - A total of 105 patients underwent combined coronary artery and valvular operations. Sixty-six had combined coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and aortic valve replacement (AV), 28 had CABG and mitral valve operations (MV), and 11 patients had CABG and double or triple valve operations (DTV). An average of 3.0 bypasses was done, range one to seven. These patients were compared to a similar group of patients who underwent valve replacement(s) only, without CABG. Bypass time was increased for the combined groups, as was ischemic cross-clamp time. Early mortality was 3.0% AV, 3.5% MV, and 9.1% DTV in the combined groups and 1% in the valve only groups. The higher mortality for the combined groups was almost entirely due to the 23% mortality in women over 70 years of age. Perioperative myocardial infarction (MI) was higher in the combined groups (5% MI, 9% probable MI versus 2.9% MI, 4.1% probable MI). All survivors were in improved clinical condition and free of angina. Mortality and improvement were unrelated to perioperative infarction. The small increase in risk compared to the significant improvement from the combined approach has led to the following principles: coronary arteriography on all adult patients requiring valvular operations; bypass of all significant coronary lesions; restoration of valvular function and hemodynamics; and myocardial preservation with cold cardioplegia during a single period of cross clamping, topical cold, and systemic hypothermia. PMID- 6600803 TI - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. AB - The antimicrobial combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole is active in vitro against a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Clinically, it is useful for treatment and prophylaxis of various infections of the genitourinary tract and certain infections of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole by itself or in combination with other antimicrobial agents is effective for most Nocardia asteroides infections. It is the antimicrobial agent of choice for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. The drug is relatively nontoxic and available in oral and intravenous forms. The native compounds and the metabolites of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole are excreted primarily in the urine. When the creatinine clearance decreases to less than 30 ml/min, the dosage of trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole should be adjusted. PMID- 6600804 TI - Metronidazole. AB - Metronidazole, a nitroimidazole derivative, is a unique antimicrobial agent that is active against both bacterial and parasitic organisms, although only the anaerobic members of these groups are susceptible. It has been used for the treatment of trichomoniasis for about 20 years and is also effective against amebiasis and giardiasis. More recently, metronidazole has emerged as a principal agent for the treatment of anaerobic bacterial infections. It is highly effective against all species of anaerobes except certain non-spore-forming gram-positive bacilli and cocci and is the only agent rapidly bactericidal against the Bacteroides fragilis group. Clinical studies have proved its efficacy in prophylaxis for elective colorectal surgical procedures and in the treatment of deep abdominal sepsis (usually in combination with another agent, such as an aminoglycoside). Metronidazole is the treatment of choice for nonspecific vaginitis that seems to be a mixed infection due to anaerobes and Gardnerella vaginalis. Adequate concentrations in the blood are produced after both oral and intravenous administration, and the side effects are infrequent and minimal. PMID- 6600805 TI - [Subtotal oesophagectomy in recurrent bleeding of oesophageal varices]. PMID- 6600806 TI - T and B cell reactivity in experimental autoimmune thyroiditis. AB - Using several immunization protocols, T cells specific for self Tg were shown to be activated to only a limited degree compared with the ability to activate T cells to a foreign Tg. Thus, a high degree of tolerance exists in T cells to self Tg, while tolerance is not maintained in B cells. Whether the small degree of T cell activation that is induced under stringent immunization procedures plays a role in the induction of the spontaneous disease is unknown. Preliminary results are also presented showing that experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) can be more readily induced in aged than in young adult mice and these results are discussed in terms of the generalized decrease in T cell reactivity in aged mice. PMID- 6600807 TI - T-cell regulation of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in the mouse. PMID- 6600808 TI - A specific radioimmunoassay for corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) using synthetic ovine CRF. AB - This newly developed specific radioimmunoassay for corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) had a sensitivity range of 25 pg/tube to 4 ng/tube. Intra and interassay coefficient of variation were 4.6% and 9.8%, respectively. Rat median eminence extracts showed a parallel dose response curve with synthetic ovine CRF and a significant cross reaction was not evident with other tested neuropeptides. The highest mean levels of CRF were found in the median eminence (6.61 ng/mg protein). Considerable amounts of CRF were found in the arcuate nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, dorsomedial nucleus, suprachiasmatic nucleus and ventromedial nucleus. The immunoreactive CRF of the rat medial basal hypothalamus coeluted with bioassayable CRF and with iodinated CRF on Sephadex G-75 chromatography. The results indicate that rat hypothalamus contains a CRF similar to ovine CRF. PMID- 6600809 TI - Copper salicylate as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent in arthritic rats. AB - Recent research indicates that endogenous copper is involved in anti-inflammatory and tissue repair processes. Of interest also is the analgesic efficacy of Cu complexes, since rheumatoid arthritis and similar inflammatory conditions are extremely painful. In pilot experiments, arthritic rats failed to increase voluntarily their rate of drinking a 5 mg/ml solution of copper salicylate (Cu Sal). The data from the experiment reported here showed that a forced oral dose of Cu Sal calculated at 200 mg/kg body weight significantly reduced sensitivity to mechanical pressure in less than 30 minutes but more than 15 minutes. The analgesic effect of the Cu Sal was greater for arthritic than for non-arthritic rats, suggesting that two types of analgesia are involved. First, it produces a direct analgesic effect which works irrespective of the presence of inflammation. Second, it appears to have an indirect analgesic effect due to reduction of inflammatory hyperalgesia. It was also found that Cu Sal administered orally reduces inflammation in rats with adjuvant arthritis. In summary, the results from this experiment demonstrate that Cu Sal has specific and general analgesic properties and anti-inflammatory potential. PMID- 6600810 TI - Neuroendocrine response to cold in Raynaud's syndrome. AB - Eleven patients with Raynaud's syndrome accompanied by monospecific IgG ANA, nine patients with Raynaud's syndrome in the absence of ANA, and nine normal volunteers were exposed to an ambient cold challenge during which time venous blood was continuously sampled. ANA negative patients were shown to have significantly higher levels of cortisol during a cold challenge than either ANA positive patients or normal controls, and exhibited significantly lower levels of plasma norepinephrine compared with normal controls. ANA positive patients did not differ significantly from normals in their neuroendocrine response to cold. It is suggested that the high plasma cortisol found in Raynaud's syndrome in the absence of ANA may be responsible for the vasospasticity in this group of patients. PMID- 6600811 TI - [Aortocoronary venous bypass in dysfibrinogenemia]. PMID- 6600812 TI - Torrential rectal bleeding. An unusual presentation of colonic carcinoma. AB - A case of torrential rectal bleeding due to a colonic carcinoma is reported. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by angiography, which showed an abnormal circulatory pattern at the hepatic flexure of the colon. Resection of the tumour controlled the bleeding. Dealing with this clinical problem requires a systematized approach. Angiographic demonstration of the source of the bleeding allows definitive surgical management. PMID- 6600813 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 10-1983. Gastrointestinal bleeding with ocular and cutaneous abnormalities. PMID- 6600815 TI - Immotile cilia syndrome. PMID- 6600814 TI - Mediators of fever and muscle proteolysis. PMID- 6600816 TI - Ten-year survival after coronary bypass surgery for unstable angina. AB - We have assessed the long-term results of coronary bypass surgery performed for unstable angina in 1282 patients from 1970 to 1982. The operative mortality was 1.8 per cent; in the first 4 years it was 2.5 per cent, and in the last 8 1/2 years it was 1.7 per cent. Using actuarial techniques, we determined that the 5 year and 10-year survival rates (mean +/- S.E.) were 92 +/- 1 per cent and 83 +/- 2 per cent, respectively, for the whole group. For patients with "normal" left ventricular function, they were 92 +/- 2 per cent and 86 +/- 3 per cent, and for patients with "abnormal" left ventricular function 91 +/- 2 per cent and 79 +/- 4 per cent (P = 0.14). No significant differences were observed in the long-term survival for any of the three clinical subgroups of patients with unstable angina -angina at rest, angina after recovery from acute myocardial infarction, and progressive angina of recent onset (P = 0.49). The reoperation rates at 5 and 10 years were 6 +/- per cent and 17 +/- 3 per cent. Currently, 61 per cent of the survivors have no angina; angina occurs on severe exertion in 20 per cent, on ordinary exertion in 14 per cent, and on mild exertion in 5 per cent. We conclude that coronary bypass surgery is an effective form of therapy (for up to 10 years) in patients with unstable angina. PMID- 6600817 TI - Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of a transforming gene detected by transfection of chicken B-cell lymphoma DNA. AB - A transforming gene detected by transfection of chicken B-cell lymphoma DNA has been isolated by molecular cloning. It is homologous to a conserved family of sequences present in normal chicken and human DNAs but is not related to transforming genes of acutely transforming retroviruses. The nucleotide sequence of the cloned transforming gene suggests that it encodes a protein that is partially homologous to the amino terminus of transferrin and related proteins although only about one tenth the size of transferrin. PMID- 6600818 TI - [The Frisian 11-town bicycle race]. PMID- 6600819 TI - [Candida albicans endophthalmitis caused by intravenous heroin abuse]. PMID- 6600820 TI - Changes of the auditory system after cerebellopontine angle manipulations. AB - The current tendency in acoustic neuroma surgery to attempt the preservation of hearing function and the problem of accidental hearing loss caused by microsurgical neurovascular decompression operations for hemifacial spasm or trigeminal neuralgia prompted us to study the exact surgical vulnerability of the auditory system. The surgical procedures for operation on the cerebellopontine angle of dogs were carried out according to the sequence of the posterior fossa transmeatal operation for acoustic neuroma. The operation was tentatively divided into three stages: (a) craniectomy and dural opening, (b) cerebellar retraction, and (c) identification of the cochlear nerve in the unroofed internal auditory canal (IAC). The postoperative behavior of the auditory system was evaluated electrocochleographically (EcochG) and histologically. Overzealous retraction of the cerebellar hemisphere caused transient disturbance of the EcochG pattern. Mechanical stretching of both the cochlear nerve and the internal auditory artery may cause a disturbance in the synchronized discharge of the cochlear neurons. Various manipulations at the porus acusticus internus or the IAC (such as pinching the nerve with forceps or electrocoagulation) produced thoroughly distorted EcochG patterns. From the histological findings, the main causative factor for these labyrinthine damages was considered to be vascular insufficiency. The current need for neurosurgical operations to preserve hearing is discussed in the light of these findings. PMID- 6600821 TI - Diagnosis of ependymal intraventricular cysts of the third ventricle by computed tomography. AB - The radiological features of seven patients with surgically verified intraventricular ependymal cyst of the third ventricle are presented. In two patients the pre-operative diagnosis was made by ventriculography, in two by ventriculography and computed tomography (CT), and in the last three patients CT alone was sufficient for correct diagnosis: ventriculography was no longer necessary. The third ventricle is indistinguishable from a cyst with an oval or nearly round configuration with a width-to-length ratio varying between 0.53 and 0.91 (mean 0.79). The density of cerebrospinal fluid within the third ventricle/cyst is a little higher than that of the lateral ventricles. A cyst can also be seen within the suprasellar cistern. The septum pellucidum is not widened, and the internal cerebral veins are pushed up between the lateral ventricles. These diagnostic signs show up well in coronal CT sections. The round third ventricle together with the rounded and enlarged frontal horns of the lateral ventricles often give an impression of the head of Mickey Mouse. PMID- 6600822 TI - Solitary metastasis of systemic malignant lymphoma to the cerebellopontine angle. AB - Systemic malignant lymphoma rarely produces solitary metastasis to the brain. We report such a case in the cerebellopontine (CP) angle mimicking an acoustic neurinoma. CT scan showed a large, round mass in the CP angle which enhanced homogeneously following contrast infusion. The internal auditory meatus appeared to be eroded. The clinical, radiological, and pathological findings are presented. PMID- 6600823 TI - [Unusual rheumatology cases]. AB - A series of clinical cases very rarely observed in rheumatology is presented. These cases consist of osteoid-osteoma, osteogenesis imperfecta, pachydermo periostosis, multiple chondromatosis, osteopecilia, Camurati-Engelmann disease. The caracteristics of the patients examined are appropriate and well adapted to the typical clinical studies of these diseases, and are considered current with the contributions concerning rheumatology appeared in the most recent literature. PMID- 6600824 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma: a deadly new syndrome. AB - Kaposi's sarcoma is alarming health professionals across the nation because of its rapid increase in the last 2 years. It is a hemorrhagic cancer which is now being linked to certain viruses and immunosuppressive conditions. Within the last year Kaposi's sarcoma has reached epidemic proportions in the male homosexual community and appears to be threatening the general public. The rapid onset, quick progression and fatality of over 40 percent of Kaposi's sarcoma clients make awareness of the pathophysiology, etiology, epidemiological implications, prevention and management of this disease imperative. It is important for the nursing community to be aware of this unusually rapid and often fatal form of cancer. The nurse's role in prevention and early recognition of Kaposi's sarcoma is invaluable. PMID- 6600825 TI - Blood pressure in a cohort of Dunedin seven year olds. AB - Blood pressure, pulse measurements, socio-economic status, and anthropometric data were recorded in 982 children within approximately one month of their seventh birthdays. The means, standard deviations, and 95th centiles are reported for systolic, diastolic phase IV, and diastolic phase V blood pressure. There was no significant difference between the socio-economic levels for any measure of blood pressure. Systolic blood pressure was slightly but significantly higher in boys than in girls; this difference disappeared after correction for height. There were small but significant correlations between blood pressure and pulse rate, weight, height, arm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, and indices of obesity and body size. After adjustment for weight, the associations of systolic blood pressure with height, body mass index, and arm circumference were no longer significant. PMID- 6600826 TI - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The therapeutic effect of once weekly transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis was compared with placebo in a randomised, double-blind, non-crossover study lasting three weeks. Thirty-two patients with classic or definite rheumatoid arthritis and wrist involvement were evaluated. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation was better than the placebo in relieving pain at rest and while gripping. In addition, grip strength, measured as power and work done, immediately improved following transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation but returned almost to initial values between assessments. No significant improvement was shown for the placebo group. PMID- 6600827 TI - High-dose methotrexate for osteosarcoma: toxicity and clinical results. AB - 9 patients with osteosarcoma were treated with a total of 122 infusions of high dose methotrexate (MTX; 140-350 mg/kg) followed by leucovorin rescue. Plasma kinetics of MTX and 7-hydroxymethotrexate (7-OH-MTX) has been routinely monitored. Due to inadequate hydration and alkalinization, 1 of the 122 high-dose MTX infusions was followed by delayed disappearance of MTX and 7-OH-MTX from plasma with subsequent development of severe mucositis. Serious hepatotoxicity repeatedly developed in another patient with inconspicuous MTX kinetics. The benefit of monotherapy with high-dose MTX for adjuvant treatment of osteosarcoma remains questionable, since 6 of 8 patients with primary osteosarcoma developed pulmonary metastases within 4-12 months (median 5 months), 2 have been disease free and alive for 25 and 53 months. PMID- 6600828 TI - Extensive bleeding following extractions in a patient undergoing chronic hemodialysis. AB - A prolonged epistaxis following routine dental extractions was observed in a 50 year-old woman with a history of chronic hemodialysis. Despite the clinical impression of a significant coagulopathy, extensive hematologic testing failed to reveal any abnormalities. Recent evidence suggests that a prostaglandin (prostacyclin) with platelet antiaggregatory properties may be responsible for episodes of prolonged bleeding reported in patients undergoing hemodialysis. PMID- 6600829 TI - Histiocytosis X: occurrence and oral involvement in six adolescent and adult patients. AB - Six cases of adolescent- and adult-onset histiocytosis X with oral involvement and their evaluation are described. Clinical findings can be mistaken for dental infection. Management involved a combination of low-dose radiation and chemotherapeutic drugs. The extreme variability of clinical signs and symptoms and the extent and progression of the disease suggest that the classic classification of histiocytosis X is inappropriate. PMID- 6600830 TI - The demonstration of alpha 1 antitrypsin in periapical lesions. AB - Discontinuous vertical gel electrophoresis was applied to samples of root canal aspirate, periapical blood, and control blood from twelve periapical lesions. The periapical sample from ten of the twelve lesions showed an additional band in the alpha 1 globulin area which was not present in the control. By means of Grabbar Williams immunoelectrophoresis to specific antisera, the band was subsequently identified as alpha 1 antitrypsin. The results suggest that the regulation of proteolytic activity afforded by alpha 1 antitrypsin plays an important role in the pathogenesis of periapical lesions. PMID- 6600831 TI - Influence of adaptation upon the impulsive time constant of the human vestibulo ocular reflex system. I. Theoretical study. AB - From the impulse response of the human vestibulo-ocular reflex system the value of the long time constant T1 can be calculated in two different ways: (a) by plotting the decay of the response on log-linear graph paper; (b) by plotting the duration of the response against the logarithm of the impulse amplitude for various impulse amplitudes, i.e. the cupulometric method. Using mathematical models, with and without adaptation, we studied the effect of the two methods of calculation on the value of the response T1. The adaptation term was demonstrated to give a distinct reduction in the value of the response T1, compared with that of the cupular T1, especially when the cupulometric method (b) was used. The extent of this reduction was calculated. PMID- 6600832 TI - Influence of adaptation upon the impulsive time constant of the human vestibulo ocular reflex system. II. Experimental investigation. AB - The response of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) system was measured after a start or stop in angular velocity around the vertical axis. All determinations were carried out six times for 5 subjects. In a previous study, the mean value of the response T1 was calculated from the slope of the decay of the slow phase eye velocity (method a) and found to be 13.2 +/- (SD) 1.4 s for CW stimulation, and 12.8 +/- 1.7 s for CCW stimulation. Using the cupulometric method (b) with a fixed threshold for the slow phase eye velocity, these values are 12.1 +/- 2.0 and 11.2 +/- 1.4 s, respectively. The difference between the values calculated by method (a) and those calculated by method (b) is in line with the theoretical predictions as formulated in section I of this paper. PMID- 6600833 TI - Mechanisms of Schistosoma mansoni egg excretion: parasitological observations in immunosuppressed mice reconstituted with immune serum. PMID- 6600834 TI - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. PMID- 6600835 TI - Reversal of vitamin-D2-induced hypercalciuria by chlorothiazide. AB - To test the effects of chlorothiazide on vitamin-D2-induced hypercalciuria, we carried out 17 metabolic studies lasting 12 days each in adult Sprague-Dawley male rats. Three groups were studied: (A) control rats receiving only the vitamin D2 vehicle; (B) vitamin-D2-treated rats receiving 50 IU/day; and (C) rats treated in the same manner as group B with the addition of chlorothiazide 20 mg/day for the last 6 days of the study. Urine was collected during the last 3 days, and a blood sample was obtained at the end of each study period. Analysis of the data showed that there were no significant differences between the groups in changes of serum calcium concentration (A, 6.1 +/- 0.1 mg/dl; B, 6.1 +/- 0.2 mg/dl; C, 6.0 +/- 0.2 mg/dl), serum creatinine concentration (A, 0.5 +/- 0.07 mg/dl; B, 0.52 +/- 0.08 mg/dl; C, 0.48 +/- 0.04 mg/dl), and creatinine clearance (A, 4.8 +/ 0.7 ml/min/kg; B, 5.2 +/- 1.2 ml/min/kg; C, 4.9 +/- 0.5 ml/min/kg). The administration of vitamin-D2 significantly increased the urinary calcium excretion from 6.7 +/- 1.0 mg/kg/day to 19.5 +/- 9.7 mg/kg/day (p less than 0.02), but the calciuria was inhibited in group C rats by the addition of chlorothiazide, which restored urinary calcium excretion to 6.8 +/- 2.5 mg/kg/day (p less than 0.02). Evaluation of the ratio of calcium/creatinine excretion (A, 0.19 +/- 0.03; B, 0.53 +/- 0.25; C, 0.20 +/- 0.07) and calcium/sodium excretion (A, 0.22 +/- 0.05; B, 0.48 +/- 0.25; C, 0.19 +/- 0.04) further confirmed these effects of vitamin-D2 and chlorothiazide on urine calcium excretion. We conclude that in rats conventional doses of vitamin-D2 consistently induce marked hypercalciuria, even without hypercalcemia, and that this hypercalciuria can be effectively prevented by chlorothiazide. PMID- 6600837 TI - Hemophilus influenzae respiratory infection in adults. 1. Recognition and incidence. PMID- 6600836 TI - Decreased bone mineral content in small-for-gestational-age infants compared with appropriate-for-gestational-age infants: normal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and decreasing parathyroid hormone. AB - Bone mineral content was determined by photon absorptiometry, adapted for use in neonates, in 23 small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants of 31 to 42 weeks of gestational age, for 12 weeks. At birth, term SGA infants had lower bone mineral content than term appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) infants; postnatal increase in bone mineral content was slow and lagged significantly behind that of term AGA infants. Preterm SGA infants had bone mineral content that was similar to that of preterm AGA infants at birth; postnatal bone mineral content was similar to that of preterm AGA infants, but was decreased compared with the expected intrauterine bone mineral content. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and parathyroid hormone levels were the same for SGA and AGA infants. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations decreased slightly with postnatal age and remained within normal limits. Serum parathyroid hormone concentrations decreased in both SGA and AGA infants and reached undetectable levels at 10 to 12 weeks of age. PMID- 6600838 TI - Hemophilus influenzae respiratory infection in adults. 2. Treatment guidelines. AB - Once a Hemophilus influenzae isolate is identified as the cause of a respiratory tract infection in an adult, it should be tested for beta-lactamase production, ie, for ampicillin resistance. The incidence of ampicillin-resistant strains of H influenzae is increasing. The Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta estimates an average incidence nationwide of 18% to 22%; the rate varies considerably from community to community. Thus, practitioners should be aware of the ampicillin resistance rate in their community and should keep this rate in mind especially when treating patients empirically. Patients with H influenzae infections who are acutely ill, who fail to respond to ampicillin, or who are known to have an ampicillin-resistant infection on the basis of laboratory findings should receive therapy designed to combat ampicillin-resistant strains. PMID- 6600839 TI - [Experimental study of the role of T and B lymphocytes in antituberculosis immunity]. PMID- 6600840 TI - Anti-idiotypic antibodies to anti-HLA receptors induced by pregnancy. AB - We have previously shown that lymphoblasts alloactivated in vitro acquire the capacity of stimulating the autologous mixed lymphocyte response. This response is anti-idiotypic in nature because lymphocytes so primed display accelerated memory responses only when restimulated by autologous lymphoblasts that have been alloactivated against the same HLA-DR antigen. Based on this observation we have postulated that the absence of HLA antibodies in alloimmunized human subjects may be due to the development of autoantibodies that react with the anti-HLA receptors expressed by primed lymphocytes or by anti-HLA antibodies or both. This hypothesis has been confirmed in the present investigations which show that sera from parous women react with autologous T lymphoblasts primed in 5-day mixed lymphocyte culture against their husband-i.e., with lymphoblasts expressing receptors for the immunizing donor. Anti-HLA receptors expressed by T and B lymphocytes seem to share serologic determinants because sera that bind to autologous alloactivated lymphoblasts are also capable of inhibiting the anti-HLA activity of autologous and homologous sera. Auto-anti-idiotypic antibodies inhibit the autologous mixed lymphocyte response to autologous alloactivated lymphoblasts, a phenomenon whose in vivo correlate may reside in autoinhibition of anti-HLA antibody formation and of allograft immunity. Because auto-anti idiotypic antibodies were found in sera from all parous women tested, the hypothesis that nonresponsiveness to alloantigens exists as a state per se is not likely. The passive transfer of antireceptor (idiotype) immunity by use of antibodies from pregnant women's sera may provide a powerful tool for specific suppression of allograft rejection. PMID- 6600841 TI - Monoclonal antibody that defines a unique human T-cell leukemia antigen. AB - We have generated and characterized a hybridoma monoclonal antibody, termed SN1, that defines a unique human T-cell leukemia antigen. This antibody was generated by using a human leukemia antigen preparation isolated from cell membranes of MOLT-4, a leukemia T-cell line derived from a patient with T-cell-type acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). SN1 was characterized by a sensitive microscale radioimmunoassay using a variety of cultured and uncultured human cells. In selected cases, the cell specimens were further tested by immunoperoxidase staining and an immunofluorescence staining test. The results of the radioimmunoassay were in agreement with those of the two other tests. Among the various cultured malignant and nonmalignant cell lines, SN1 reacted only with leukemia T-cell lines derived from patients with T-ALL; it reacted with all six T ALL cell lines tested-i.e., JM, CCRF-CEM, CCRF-H-SB2, RPMI 8402, PEER, and MOLT 4. In the case of uncultured cell specimens derived from cancer patients, SN1 reacted with four of four cases of T-ALL but did not react with specimens derived from 41 patients with other types of cancer. SN1 did not react with any normal human cell specimens tested, both cultured and uncultured. These specimens include normal lymphoblastoid cell lines, thymocytes, bone marrow cells, spleen cells, lymph node cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, lymphocytes containing B and T cells, purified T cells, monocytes, granulocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets. Furthermore, SN1 did not react with phytohemagglutinin-activated T cells nor with concanavalin A-activated T cells. The results show that monoclonal antibody SN1 defines a type of human leukemia antigen that is expressed on the cell surface of T-cell-type ALL cells. The results further show the usefulness of SN1 in the diagnosis of cancer patients and suggest its therapeutic potential. We designate this antigen TALLA, a T-cell ALL antigen. PMID- 6600842 TI - Effects of tetracaine on charge movements and calcium signals in frog skeletal muscle fibers. AB - Intramembrane charge movements in skeletal muscle fibers contain a tetracaine sensitive component that can be isolated by the use of this drug. The time course and voltage dependence of this component, studied in relation to antipyrylazo III absorbance signals, suggest its direct involvement in the calcium release process in muscle. PMID- 6600843 TI - Semi-synthetic vaccines composed of capsular polysaccharides of pathogenic bacteria covalently bound to proteins for the prevention of invasive diseases. PMID- 6600845 TI - Transhepatic obliteration of gastroesophageal varices with absolute ethanol. AB - Absolute ethanol was evaluated as a vaso-obliterative agent in 15 patients with bleeding of gastroesophageal varices. Initial control of hemorrhaging was obtained in 13 (87%). Two patients died from unrelated causes within 48 hours of the procedure. Variceal bleeding recurred in seven of the 11 remaining patients (64%) from one week to 13 months after embolization. Four patients did not rebleed; two of them died (4 weeks and 6 months after the procedure), and two are alive (14 and 16 months after the procedure). Significant disadvantages of ethanol for obliteration of gastroesophageal varices (marked prolongation of procedure time and lack of radio-opacity) probably contributed to the high incidence of portal vein thrombosis (3 patients [20%]). PMID- 6600844 TI - The value of colonoscopy and double-contrast barium-enema examinations in the evaluation of patients with subacute and chronic lower intestinal bleeding. AB - We examined 136 consecutive patients with histories of guaiac positive stool examinations, bright red blood per rectum, or hematochezia to determine the value of the double-contrast barium-enema (DC-BE) examination and colonoscopy/proctoscopy in establishing bleeding sites. If examination findings were analyzed in conjunction with findings of visual examination of the anal area, the difference in the respective sensitivities of the two examinations was not statistically significant. If findings at the visual inspection were excluded, the DC-BE examination missed 45 of 155 proved bleeding sites (sensitivity, 71%) and 13 of 35 nonbleeding lesions (sensitivity for all lesions 70%), while colonoscopy missed 13 of 155 bleeding sites (sensitivity, 92%) and seven of 35 nonbleeding lesions (sensitivity for all lesions, 90%). The sensitivity of both methods was similar if all rectal and anal lesions were excluded. Only eight additional lesions (all polyps) were found in 78 patients who had bleeding internal and external hemorrhoids, anal fissures, and anal tears, and seven of these were found in patients who were older than 50 years of age. We conclude that colonoscopy is superior to the DC-BE examination in the detection of bleeding sites but similar in results to the DC-BE examination if lesions in the anal canal and rectum are excluded. The routine use of the DC-BE examination in patients with superficial lesions in the anal canal should be discouraged unless the patient has persistent bleeding or is 50 years old or older. PMID- 6600846 TI - Percutaneous transhepatic obliteration of gastroesophageal varices using absolute alcohol. AB - Eleven patients underwent percutaneous transhepatic portography and esophageal variceal sclerosis. Absolute alcohol was used. Only two patients rebled in the follow-up period; both individuals died. Two additional patients died without further bleeding. The remaining seven patients survived from 13 to 19 months without rebleeding. Absolute alcohol is useful as a sclerosing agent for varices and may produce a more permanent and distal occlusion of gastroesophageal varices. PMID- 6600847 TI - Distribution of corticotropin-releasing factor in ovine brain determined by radioimmunoassay. AB - We have developed and used a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay to demonstrate the presence of CRF-like immunoreactivity in extra-hypothalamic areas of ovine brain. Synthetic CRF displaced antibody bound tracer at an ED50 value of 200 pg and there was no cross-reactivity with LHRH, TRH, ACTH, beta-endorphin and several other peptides. Displacement of bound 125I-CRF by brain extracts exhibited curves parallel to synthetic CRF standards. Highest concentrations (1 ng/mg tissue) of CRF-like immunoreactivity were found in the median eminence but surprisingly, high concentrations of CRF-like immunoreactivity were found in frontal, parietal, occipital and particularly temporal areas of cerebral cortex. Much lower concentrations were found in other brain areas including the basal ganglia, limbic system and brain stem. PMID- 6600848 TI - [In vivo densitometry of the skeleton by single energy CT body scanner for clinical use. Technical procedure. Cross-sectional study of 124 subjects on the role of age and sex. Evaluation of the cortical/spongiosa ratio as a function of age]. AB - CT 5005 EMI Scanner 140 kVp. Abstraction of the HN in the cortical of the right femural diaphysis and in the spongiosa of the vertebral body (L1). 124 clinically normal subjects of both sexes (63 males and 61 females), aged between 20 and 87 years were grouped into 7 categories according to age decade. Cortical-male - The variations of bone mineral content are not correlated either with age or with sex. Cortical-female - Modest correlation with age but not calculable with sex. Spongiosa-male - Excellent correlation with age (r = --0,975; (p less than 0,005). In each decade the average male values are superior to the female values. Spongiosa-female - Excellent linear correlation with age (r = --0,945; p less than 0,005). The average values for each decade are inferior to those of the males. The cortical/spongiosa ratio increases in relation to age: in males (r = - 0,896; p less than 0,01) and in females (r = --0,885; p less than 0,01). The bone mineral content loss in the IX decade compared to the III decade is equal in males and in females in both the cortical (--20%) and the spongiosa (--65%). The reduction curves with the CT body scanner are not comparable to those obtained with other techniques. They result as being compatible with those obtained through histomorphometry (trabecular bone density). PMID- 6600850 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and opportunistic infections in a female]. AB - Case report on a 49-year-old woman who contracted acute hepatitis B during a trip to Haiti in 1977. The hepatitis healed and the patient was in good health until July 1982 when she died of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia despite early treatment. This case resembles the acquired immune deficiency syndrome recently described in the United States among homosexuals and Haitians. PMID- 6600849 TI - Nontypable Haemophilus influenzae (biotype 4) as a neonatal, maternal, and genital pathogen. AB - Between 1976 and 1981 Haemophilus influenzae was identified in 16 women with postpartum bacteremia and 36 neonates with bacteremia or meningitis. H. influenzae was also recovered from neonatal or genital cultures of 50 additional patients. By counter-immunoelectrophoresis 17% of neonatal isolates from blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were type b. All remaining strains (94% overall) were nontypable (NT). Of the NT blood or CSF isolates, 38% belonged to biotype 4. Of all the NT biotype 4 isolates referred to the Centers for Disease Control during the study, 82% were of genital, neonatal, or maternal origin, a finding that suggests that this isolate is a genital biotype. Clinical disease was similar to that observed in patients infected with group B Streptococcus except for the infrequent (11%) occurrence of meningitis. Maternal bacteremia resulted in mild febrile illness, while neonatal bacteremia was associated with a high incidence of shock, respiratory distress (50%), and death (30%). H. influenzae bacteremia in these two patient groups was rare in Houston before 1976, but since then it has been responsible for 2.5% of cases of significant bacteremia. NT H. influenzae should be recognized as a definite neonatal, maternal, and genital pathogen. PMID- 6600851 TI - [Childhood tuberculosis, a forgotten disease?]. AB - Three children had signs of illness for 5 to 18 months before tuberculosis was diagnosed, in spite of tuberculin conversion and abnormal chest X-ray findings in two. One 15-year-old boy developed tuberculous pericarditis, a 17-year-old boy had spondylitis, and a 10-year-old boy middle lobe pneumonia. The aim of this presentation is to emphasize that tuberculosis, although now rare in childhood, still exists. Prevention and early diagnosis are also discussed. PMID- 6600853 TI - Chronic granulomatous disease and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. PMID- 6600852 TI - Hypoparathyroidism in sarcoidosis. PMID- 6600854 TI - New approach to management of malignant ascites with a streptococcal preparation, OK-432. II. Intraperitoneal inflammatory cell-mediated tumor cell destruction. AB - Twelve patients with malignant ascites caused by gastric cancer were treated with intraperitoneal injections of a streptococcal preparation, OK-432. All had resolution of the ascites after OK-432 treatment. Neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes increased in number in ascitic fluid samples. Some of the OK-432 induced inflammatory cells were attached to tumor cells. The absolute number of tumor cells decreased as the number of infiltrating inflammatory cells increased. Infiltrating lymphocytes were mainly E rosette-forming cells. Infiltrating macrophages were in an activated state. The infiltrating neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages could inhibit DNA synthesis of the patient's own tumor cells in the ascitic fluid after OK-432 injection, but not before the injection. These results indicate that OK-432-induced neutrophils, lymphocytes, probably T cells, and activated macrophages may play an important role in tumor cell destruction in ascites. Moreover, as the number of tumor cells decreased, the ascitic fluid protein levels decreased. Decrease of the ascitic fluid protein level may suppress further accumulation of ascitic fluid, and the low protein level in ascitic fluid is likely to facilitate the reabsorption of the fluid into the bloodstream. PMID- 6600856 TI - Coronary artery bypass surgery in selected elderly patients. PMID- 6600855 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum in the adolescent. AB - Between 1969 and 1982, seven adolescents (six girls and one boy) with rectal bleeding and other nonspecific intestinal symptoms were diagnosed with biopsy to have colonic or rectal carcinoma. All came from an impoverished urban environment, and two patients were members of a family with a cancer diathesis (Turcot's syndrome). Surgery provided the only successful curative or palliative treatment. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy were unsuccessful in preventing the progression of disease in far-advanced, nonresectable cases. Prompt attention to lower gastrointestinal bleeding and nonspecific abdominal symptoms in adolescents may result in the earlier diagnosis of colorectal malignancy and improved opportunity for definitive surgical cure. PMID- 6600857 TI - The treatment of nonunions with electrical stimulation. PMID- 6600858 TI - Cell-mediated cytotoxicity to nonmajor histocompatibility complex alloantigens on mouse epidermal cells. V. Contribution of bone marrow-derived cells to Epa-1 antigen expression. PMID- 6600859 TI - Effects of cyclophosphamide on in vitro human lymphocyte culture and mitogenic stimulation. AB - Cyclophosphamide (CY) has been reported to be inactive in vitro under certain conditions. In the present study, CY was tested for its ability to inhibit human lymphocyte proliferation and to modulate lymphocyte response to mitogens in vitro. The inhibition of or the increase in 3H-thymidine incorporation in mitogen stimulated and unstimulated lymphocytes by CY was used as a measure of CY activity in vitro. The results demonstrate that lymphocytes from 10 different persons had a mean decrease of 74% in 3H-thymidine incorporation in the presence of CY (P less than 0.005). The effect was maximal at a concentration of 160 micrograms/ml. A mean inhibition of 35 and 55% was caused by 10 and 40 micrograms/ml concentrations of CY, respectively. CY also was able to reduce the number of viable cells during 5 days in culture and had a profound effect on mitogen stimulation of lymphocytes. In all cases, CY modulated the stimulation of lymphocytes by phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) either by augmenting or suppressing the responses. At low concentrations (10 micrograms/ml) it augmented mitogenic stimulation by 46 to 281%. At higher concentrations (20 to 160 micrograms/ml), CY had a suppressive effect with a maximum suppression of 99%. The CY-induced immunomodulation is perhaps caused by its action on the regulatory T cells. When tested in vitro, CY had inhibitory activity on T cells. PMID- 6600860 TI - Evidence for the erythrocyte as the principal antigenic cell type that triggers primary IgM antibody responses to H-2D alloantigens. AB - Antigenic requirements for the induction of T cell-independent primary splenic IgM antibody responses (plaque-forming cell responses) to H-2Dd alloantigens were studied. Results show that some functional activity or structural property of the donor cells is required for immunogenicity, because antigens are not active in subcellular forms. An unexpected finding was that allogeneic red blood cells were exceptionally highly immunogenic, and any lymphoid tissues including purified macrophages and tumor cell lines that were not contaminated with red blood cells were virtually nonimmunogenic. The definite role of red blood cells in donor tissues as immunogens was confirmed by water or ammonium chloride treatment that abolished immunogenicity, as well as by phenotyping of the immunogenic cells with antisera. Thus immunogenic cells were positive for erythrocyte-specific and H-2D antigens and negative for Thy-1, Ig, and NK-1. The possible roles of erythrocytes in induction and regulation of transplantation immunity and in B cell activation in general are discussed. PMID- 6600862 TI - [Interlamellar corneal alloplasty with the lens capsule in the 2-stage treatment of chronic bullous corneal dystrophy]. PMID- 6600861 TI - [Interaction between various cholinesterases and reversible inhibitors of polymethylene-bis-(trimethylammonium) diiodide series]. AB - It is established that derivatives of polymethylene bistrimethylammonium (CH3)3N+(CH2)nN+(CH3)3 (n = 4-10) are reversible competitive and mixed action inhibitors with respect to acetylcholinesterase of human erythrocytes, butyryl cholinesterase of horse blood serum, cholinesterase of frog brain and Todarodes pacificus optical ganglion. In case of mammals and frog cholinesterase the inhibitors efficiency rises with n, but the activity of the Todarodes pacificus cholinesterase less sensitive of the inhibitors is characterized by a "step" dependence on the length of the polymethylene chain of the inhibitor molecule. Studies in sensitivity of cholinesterases to this type of inhibitors revealed differences between enzymes of the same type in different animals. PMID- 6600863 TI - [Diagnosis of latent vestibular disorders in patients with otosclerosis]. PMID- 6600864 TI - For control of chronic pain, electrical stimulation of the brain. PMID- 6600865 TI - [Familial case of chronic disseminated (granulomatous) candidiasis]. PMID- 6600866 TI - [Scotopia in drivers]. PMID- 6600867 TI - Endocrine expressions of hydrocephalus. A case of primary amenorrhoea revealing a stenosis of the foramen of Magendie. AB - A Caucasian female, aged 28 years, presenting with obesity and investigated for primary amenorrhoea, was found to have hydrocephalus due to a stenosis of the foramen of Magendie. Endocrine investigations showed an isolated gonadotrophin deficiency. Complete recovery was obtained by a ventricular-cardiac shunt, which led to the return of menses, a normal pregnancy, and then a return to normal weight. PMID- 6600868 TI - Haemophilus influenzae in acute otitis media. AB - We studied the occurrence of Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) in 2625 middle ear fluid (MEF) specimens obtained from 523 children with otitis media, aged 3 months to 6 years, between October 1977 and May 1979. In clinically acute cases 12.3% of the MEFs grew Hi; 6.3% (13/206) of the strains were of type b and 4.9% (10/206) were beta-lactamase producing. In the very first acute case of a child 8.0% (21/263) of the MEFs grew Hi, but in acute recurrences it was cultured in 17.0% (184/1082) (p less than 0.001). In non-acute persistent MEFs obtained during control visits Hi was found in no less than 21.7% (198/913); as many as 12.6% (25/198) of them were beta-lactamase producing. Both of these figures, but not the proportion of type b strains (8.6%), were significantly (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.01, respectively) greater than in clinically acute MEFs. Hi was grown in 13.1% of the acute MEFs taken from children less than 4 years old, but in only 8.6% of the older children (p less than 0.05). The annual survey of all the 1816 Hi strains isolated from the MEFs of acute or subacute cases of otitis media in one laboratory in 1976-81 showed the proportion of beta-lactamase producing strains of all Hi strains to be gradually increasing from 8.0% (17/212) in 1976 to 15.2% (16/105) in 1981 (p less than 0.05). PMID- 6600870 TI - The role of beta-lactamase-producing Bacteroides in recurrent tonsillitis. PMID- 6600869 TI - Recurrent meningitis, congenital anacusis and Mondini anomaly. AB - Temporal bone polytomography should be performed in cases of recurrent meningitis, anacusis and vestibular areflexia. The finding of a Mondini-type anomaly is indicative of an oval window fistula. A further case is described, and scanning electron microscopic views of the defect in the stapedial footplate presented. Dysplasia of the otic capsule is considered to be the probable cause of this syndrome. PMID- 6600871 TI - Regional brain metabolism during seizures in humans. PMID- 6600872 TI - C-11 palmitate for the noninvasive evaluation of regional myocardial fatty acid metabolism with positron computed tomography. III. In vivo demonstration of the effects of substrate availability on myocardial metabolism. PMID- 6600873 TI - Imaging metabolism and biochemistry--a new look at the heart. PMID- 6600874 TI - Influence of partial sympathetic denervation on the results of myocardial revascularization in variant angina. AB - Poor results of the aortocoronary bypass graft operation in the treatment of variant angina have been ascribed to recurrent vasospastic activity due to autonomic imbalance. Cardiac sympathetic denervation (plexectomy) may represent a rational approach in the prevention of vasospasm. To test the value of plexectomy in the treatment of variant angina, 31 patients were studied, 17 of whom (Group 1) underwent conventional coronary artery grafting whereas the remaining 14 (Group 2) underwent cardiac sympathetic denervation also. The 2 groups were similar with respect to age (54 +/- 8 versus 50 +/- 7 years), sex distribution (male/female ratio 12/5 versus 9/5), prevalence of coexisting effort angina (10 versus 12 patients), previous myocardial infarction (7 versus 4 patients), and duration of variant angina (3.3 +/- 5.4 versus 2.4 +/- 2.7 months). The left ventricular ejection fraction was comparable in both groups (60 +/- 11 versus 60 +/- 4%) as were left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (15 +/- 4 versus 13 +/- 5 mm Hg) and extent of coronary artery disease (65 versus 71% prevalence of multivessel disease). The average duration of follow-up was 23 +/- 15 months in Group 1 and 22 +/- 18 months in Group 2 (p = not significant [NS]). There were no operative deaths. Four patients, 2 in each group, had a perioperative myocardial infarction. Seven patients in Group 1 and 1 patient in Group 2 had recurrent variant angina. There was sudden death and 2 infarcts in Group 1. Actuarial curves showed the cumulative probability of recurrent variant angina to be significantly lower (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.001 at 6 and 10 months, respectively) in Group 2. This study suggests that cardiac sympathetic denervation may prevent recurrent vasospastic activity in variant angina. PMID- 6600875 TI - Aortocoronary bypass in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic coronary patients. PMID- 6600876 TI - Streptococcus equisimilis (group C) as a cause of ophthalmic infections. AB - The first two cases of human ophthalmic infections due to Streptococcus equisimilis (group C) are reported. This organism is known to produce severe infections in animals, but infection in humans is rare. The distinction between beta-hemolytic group C streptococci and group A and their ability to cause disease in susceptible patients is discussed. PMID- 6600877 TI - Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections in children in office practice. AB - One hundred five Staphylococcus aureus infections occurring in 79 children who were seen in a private office practice were evaluated for response to antibiotic therapy. The value of in vitro disk susceptibility testing in directing antibiotic selection in treatment failures was also examined. Of the total episodes studied, the types of infection studied included vesicular pyoderma (48%), secondary pyoderma (13%), bullous pyoderma (5%), furunculosis (14%), carbunculosis (12%), cellulitis (3%), suppurative otitis media (4%), and paronychia (2%). Comparative treatment efficacy was obtained with perioral erythromycin estolate and erythromycin ethylsuccinate, cefaclor and cephalexin, and clindamycin hydrochloride and dicloxacillin sodium. Penicillin V potassium, ampicillin, and topical bacitracin were generally ineffective. In 23 patients, 27/105 infections were initial treatment failures. Antibiotic disk susceptibility testing predicted these clinical failures and/or the antibiotic that would produce a clinical response in 21 of these 23 patients, suggesting that this office procedure can be of considerable value. PMID- 6600878 TI - Estimating proportionate changes in rates. AB - Quantitative measures are defined for use in health policy formulation. Consider a dichotomized risk factor for a specific disease or a protective factor known to promote health. A health policy that alters the prevalence of exposure to the factor will create corresponding proportionate changes in the disease rate and in the health rate. Statistical formulas are presented for estimating such proportionate changes. Formulas are given for cohort, case-control, and some hybrid study designs, but only for those studies where it is appropriate to present the data in a 2 X 2 table. It is assumed that the population is stable and that all subjects are observed over the same fixed time interval. Formulas for estimating the standard error of the estimate are also provided. PMID- 6600879 TI - Spontaneous abortion and induced abortion: an adjustment for the presence of induced abortion when estimating the rate of spontaneous abortion from cross sectional studies. AB - The existence of high rates of induced abortion in the population may distort currently employed measures of the rate of spontaneous abortion. Since the frequency of induced abortion varies greatly between and within populations, an appropriate correction is needed to restore the comparability of spontaneous abortion rates. A simplified estimate of the "true" rate of spontaneous abortion is proposed. This statistic yields a sufficient approximation for most purposes. PMID- 6600880 TI - CNS malformations in the Krakow region. I. Birth prevalence and seasonal incidence during 1979-1981. AB - The birth prevalence of CNS malformations in the region of Krakow from 1979 to 1981 was determined to be 1.26/1000 from records of all live- and still-birth deliveries. The frequency of anencephaly was 0.23/1,000; spina bifida and encephalocele, 0.70/1000; isolated hydrocephaly, 0.26/1,000; and other CNS anomalies, 0.06/1,000. The observed rates are below the median European level. Female preponderance was found among the probands with anencephaly, encephalomeningocele, and myelomeningocele. Cytogenetic examination of 35 newborns with CNS malformations documented normal karyotypes in all neonates. The analysis of seasonal distribution of proband's birthdate and of date of mother's last menstrual period showed no significant seasonal trend. PMID- 6600881 TI - Passovoy defect: a cause of severe operative hemorrhage in obstetrics and gynecology. PMID- 6600882 TI - Cylindrical refractive error: a population study in western Newfoundland. AB - The distribution of cylindrical refractive error (right eye only) is presented for 957 persons, comprising approximately 80% of the population (aged 5 years and over) of three western Newfoundland communities. In 72% of males and 60% of females no cylindrical error was found; 12% of males and 19% of females had errors greater than 0.5 D. Cylindrical errors of 2 D or greater were found in 2.5% of females of but only 0.5% of males, affecting females of all ages but males aged less than 15 years only. Persons aged 45 years and up had fewer cylindrical errors, more against-the-rule and less with-the-rule astigmatism than persons below that age. Cylindrical error and spherical error, and in particular against-the-rule error and myopia, commonly occurred together. Among persons aged 5 to 14 years an association of with-the-rule error with nearwork is suggested. PMID- 6600883 TI - Two additional benefits of dark glasses on rod vision in patients with congenital achromatopsia. AB - The visual performance of nine rod monochromats was measured with photopic stimuli viewed through filters that attenuated the ambient illuminance. In kinetic perimetry experiments, eight of nine patients showed substantially larger visual field size under the experimental as compared to the control conditions. In increment threshold or brightness-matching experiments, long wavelength sensitivity was shown to be enhanced under the experimental conditions. PMID- 6600885 TI - The facial nerve. PMID- 6600884 TI - B-cell and T-cell lymphomas and other associated diseases induced by an infectious DNA viroid-like agent in hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). AB - Five epidemics of diffuse, poorly differentiated lymphocytic, immunoblastic, and plasmacytoid lymphoma induced by an infectious, horizontally transmitting viroidlike agent have occurred in two hamster facilities. Incidence summaries and pathologic characteristics of the lymphomas induced in LSH and LVG hamsters are presented. An elevated leukocyte count with a marked increase in neutrophils and a significant decrease in small mononuclear lymphocytes was detected in 5-week old but not in 10- or 25-week-old LVG hamsters born in the facility contaminated with the lymphoma-inducing agent. Three-week-old LVG hamsters exposed to the contaminated facility showed no similar hematologic change at 5 weeks of age or 5 weeks of exposure. Several associated syndromes, including an intussusception disease, pyelonephritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and body warts associated with the presence of the causative viroidlike agent in the contaminated colonies are described. Details of the epidemiology of the disease, karyology, viral studies, and correlation with several epidemics in other laboratories are presented. PMID- 6600886 TI - Linear range of Na+ pump in sciatic nerve of frog. AB - The Na+-activated utilization of O2 by frog sciatic nerve is a linear function of the internal concentration of Na+ in preparations deprived of external Ca2+. It is assumed that this component of O2 uptake is a measure of the active extrusion of Na+ by the Na+ pump because it is suppressed by ouabain. However, no tendency toward saturation, expected in an enzymatic process with a high affinity for Na+, was evident. Similar linearity has been reported in other neuronal preparations in experiments measuring 22Na+ efflux directly. The slope of the linear relation between Na+-activated O2 uptake and the concentration of internal Na+ is independent of the external concentration of Na+, but it decreases when the external concentration of K+ is changed from 10 to 4.8 mM. PMID- 6600887 TI - Effects of nitrous oxide, transcutaneous electrical stimulation, and their combination on brain potentials elicited by painful stimulation. AB - Combinations of transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) and inhalation of nitrous oxide with oxygen have been used for surgical pain control and this report explored the possible synergism of these two treatments. During painful dental stimulation, 18 subjects gave pain reports while event-related potentials were recorded at vertex. Electrical stimulation was delivered bilaterally at the LI-4 acupuncture points on the hands at 20 Hz, mean = 9.65 mA intensity. Inhalation treatment was nitrous oxide 33% with oxygen. Testing was done on two days to permit evaluation of each treatment alone and their combination. Treatment sequence was counterbalanced. Base-to-peak amplitude and peak latency scores were derived for the event-related potentials under each testing condition. Both stimulation and inhalation treatments altered event-related potential scores and pain report. The combination treatment was significantly more effective than stimulation alone but was not significantly more effective than nitrous oxide alone. Nitrous oxide with oxygen alone reduced peak amplitude at 250 ms and 350 ms, as well as pain report. It increased peak latency at 100 ms. Transcutaneous electrical stimulation alone decreased peak amplitude and latency at 150 ms and increased peak latency at 350 ms. Decreased peak amplitude at 250 ms and increased peak latency at 150 ms were observed when inhalation was added to stimulation, and there was also a significant reduction in pain report. Nine control subjects were studied to demonstrate that analgesic changes were not due to repeated testing. These outcomes demonstrated no synergism between the stimulation and inhalation treatments. The data suggest that nitrous oxide blocks the effects of electrical stimulation at LI-4. PMID- 6600888 TI - Honey bee venom specific immunoglobulin G4 in honey bee sting allergic patients and bee keepers. AB - Honey bee venom (HBV) IgG4 antibody was studied in bee keepers and honey bee sting allergic patients on immunotherapy using mouse monoclonal anti-human IgG4 antibody in a modified microtiter solid phase radioimmunoassay (MSPIRA). The mean HBV IgG4 in bee keepers was 31 units/ml. In patients the mean HBV IgG4 pre- and post-immunotherapy were 2.9 and 11.6 units/ml, respectively, representing a mean rise of 7.3-fold as compared to a rise of 1.6-fold for total HBV IgG. The mean HBV IgG level in bee keepers was 14 micrograms/ml which was not significantly different from the mean level of 17 micrograms/ml in allergic patients at diagnosis. The percentage interference of HBV IgE detection in vitro correlated with HBV IgG but not with HBV IgG4. On the other hand, there was an inverse relationship between serum HBV IgE and HBV IgG4 levels while none was found for HBV IgE and IgG. PMID- 6600890 TI - What are the prospects for getting the current theories adequate clinical trials? PMID- 6600889 TI - The role of oxidative processes in emphysema. AB - Elastase/elastase inhibitor imbalance in the lung has been implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema. In light of this, it may be significant that the activity of two major elastase inhibitors, alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1Pi) and bronchial mucous proteinase inhibitor, can be decreased by oxidizing agents. The effect can be observed with ozone, substances present in cigarette smoke, and oxygen metabolites generated by lung macrophages as well as peroxidative systems released by other phagocytic cells. Thus alpha 1Pi recovered from lung washings of cigarette smokers has only half the predicted normal activity per mg inhibitor and contains 4 moles of methionine sulfoxide (oxidized methionine) per mole of inactive inhibitor. By contrast, alpha 1Pi purified from nonsmokers' lung washings is fully active and contains only native methionine. At the same time, lung washes from some smokers show significantly greater hydrolytic activity against a specific synthetic elastase substrate than do lung washes of nonsmokers. These findings suggest that some smokers may develop an acquired imbalance between elastase and elastase inhibitor in their lungs, favoring activity of the enzyme. In addition to the potential effect of cigarette smoking on lung elastase/elastase inhibitor balance, smoking also may interfere with elastin repair mechanisms. Specifically, acidic water soluble gas phase components of cigarette smoke prevent synthesis of desmosine cross-links during elastinogenesis in vitro. This report will attempt to correlate the foregoing information on biochemical changes in the lung induced by cigarette smoking with the development of emphysema in the smoker. PMID- 6600891 TI - A clinical trial of efficacy of antiproteolytic therapy: can it be done? PMID- 6600892 TI - The natural history of air-flow obstruction in PiZ emphysema. Report of an NHLBI workshop. PMID- 6600893 TI - Experience with replacement therapy in the destructive lung disease associated with severe alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. PMID- 6600894 TI - Can alpha-1-protease inhibitor be used in replacement therapy? AB - We propose that alpha-1-protease inhibitor (alpha 1 PI) can assume a major and beneficial role in preventing emphysema in alpha 1 PI-deficient individuals, and may also prove of value in the treatment of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). alpha 1 PI has a single, unusual disulfide bond that consists of a cysteine residue in the peptide chain covalently bound to a free amino acid cysteine. The linkage can be broken by reductants without adversely affecting the stability or the inhibitory activities of the protein. As a result of this property, alpha 1 PI can be effectively separated in solution from many other plasma proteins by salting out the contaminants in the presence of strong reductants. We have applied the technique of reductive-salting out, coupled with more conventional DEAE-anion exchange chromatography to isolate alpha 1 PI from Cohn Fraction IV-1, a relatively unused side product in the worldwide production of albumin and immunoglobulins. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the product can be effectively pasteurized in the presence of various stabilizing additives. The necessary ingredients now exist for extensive clinical studies in the years ahead. PMID- 6600896 TI - Kaolin and the lung. PMID- 6600895 TI - Synthetic elastase inhibitors: prospects for use in the treatment of emphysema. AB - Human polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase is the enzyme primarily responsible for the destruction of lung tissue observed in pulmonary emphysema. A number of potent reversible and irreversible inhibitors have been developed for human leukocyte elastase. Several of these inhibitors have been shown to be effective at preventing emphysema in animal models of the disease. There are excellent prospects for the development of a synthetic elastase inhibitor for use in treatment of human disease. PMID- 6600897 TI - Immunologic responses in patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. AB - Serum concentrations of IgM and IgG antibodies in patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia were determined by means of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Analysis of serum specimens by treatment with protein A followed by fractionation on sucrose density gradient revealed for the first time the presence of rheumatoid factor in M. pneumoniae pneumonia with a remarkably high frequency. Development and persistence of the rheumatoid factor during the clinical course of this disease were also examined. PMID- 6600898 TI - Pulmonary function associated with the Mmalton deficient variant of alpha 1 antitrypsin. AB - We have studied 78 members of a large family in which the Mmalton deficiency allele of alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) is present. Four patients of PI type MmaltonZ (alpha 1AT concentration, 16.4% of normal) had severe emphysema and marked depression in all flow and gas exchange parameters, significantly different from other members of the same family who were normal or had intermediate concentrations of alpha 1AT. Fourteen subjects with PI type MMmalton (alpha 1AT concentration, 63.3% of normal) were compared with 46 PI MM relatives (alpha 1AT, 103.8% of normal) and 14 relatives of PI type MZ (alpha 1AT concentration, 66.5% of normal). Spirometry, flow-volume loops, plethysmography, gas exchange at rest and exercise, and xenon 133 regional lung function were similar in those partially deficient when compared with the normal subjects. There was a trend for impairment of tests of lung function between smoking partially deficient (PI MZ, PI Mmalton) and normal (PI MM) relatives. PMID- 6600899 TI - Pulmonary presentation of Kaposi's sarcoma in a homosexual patient. AB - In the past two years there has been an unprecedented outbreak of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) among male homosexuals with idiopathic acquired cellular immunodeficiency. A homosexual patient is presented in whom KS was first recognized in the lung. Pulmonary presentation of KS has not been previously reported in this group of patients. Therefore, KS must be considered in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates in patients with acquired immunodeficiency, even in the absence of skin or lymph node involvement. PMID- 6600901 TI - Rubber band ligation hemorrhoidectomy. Long-term results. PMID- 6600900 TI - Human methionine sulfoxide-peptide reductase, an enzyme capable of reactivating oxidized alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor in vitro. AB - The present study demonstrates the presence of methionine sulfoxide [Met(O)] peptide reductase activity in human lung homogenates and in lysates of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and alveolar type II cells. Enzyme activity was not detected in human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or in pulmonary alveolar macrophage lysates. The Met(O)-peptide reductase derived from PMN is capable of reactivating alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1Pl) oxidized by treatment with chloramine-T or a myeloperoxidase oxidizing system. However, the PMN-derived enzyme does not reactivate alpha 1Pl inactivated by treatment in vitro with aqueous solutions of cigarette smoke plus peroxide. In addition, after the instillation of oxidized human alpha 1Pl into lungs of normal or ozone-tolerant rats, no reactivated alpha 1Pl could be found in the pulmonary lavage obtained from these animals. Finally, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease appear to have normal levels of PMN Met(O)-peptide reductase. PMID- 6600902 TI - Diffuse aggressive lymphomas: increased survival after alternating flexible sequences of proMACE and MOPP chemotherapy. AB - A new treatment program was developed in an attempt to increase the complete remission rate and survival of previously untreated patients with advanced stages of diffuse aggressive lymphomas. A flexible number of cycles of ProMACE chemotherapy (prednisone, methotrexate, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and epipodophyllotoxin VP-16) was alternated with a flexible number of cycles of MOPP chemotherapy (mechlorethamine, vincristine sulfate, procarbazine, and prednisone), and finally late intensification with ProMACE therapy was given. The duration of each phase of treatment was determined by the patient's rate of tumor response. Complete remissions were achieved in 55 of 74 patients (74%) with a median duration of follow-up exceeding 2 1/2 years. Only ten of the complete responders (18%) have had relapse. The dose-limiting toxicity is myelosuppression, and eight patients (10%) died from sepsis. Median survival for all patients has not been reached but is predicted to exceed 4 years with 65% of patients alive at 4 years. Previously we achieved a 46% complete remission rate with 38% of all patients alive at 4 years; relapse-free survival beyond 2 years was tantamount to cure. Therefore, ProMACE-MOPP chemotherapy represents a substantial improvement in treating patients with diffuse aggressive lymphomas. PMID- 6600903 TI - Fatal intracranial extension of an orbital umbrella stab injury. AB - We examined a patient with an orbital stab injury with fatal intracranial extension in whom the initial emergency examination did not reveal the extent of damage. Ophthalmologic consultation showed an afferent pupillary defect (Marcus Gunn pupil), which prompted radiologic studies. Orbital tomograms and computerized tomography demonstrated an optic canal fracture and penetration to the contralateral right ventricle. Diabetes insipidus and thermal irregularity developed, and death occurred seven days later. PMID- 6600904 TI - [Purulent pericarditis with a subacute constrictive course. A case-report. Review of the literature]. PMID- 6600905 TI - [Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis in a 7-year-old Zairean girl treated for primary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6600906 TI - Vein grafts for arterial repair: an experimental study of the histological development of the intima. AB - Vein grafts were studied in rats using the incompatible DA and Lewis inbred strains. Allografts were performed in the Lewis-to-DA and DA-to-Lewis combinations with Lewis-to-Lewis isografts serving as controls. A 5 mm segment of iliolumbar vein was placed into a defect in the iliac artery, using micro surgical techniques. Histological studies of the grafts at 1 hour, 1, 2, 4, 10 and 18 weeks after insertion showed that there was no evidence of rejection in any of the allografts and the tissue changes which occurred were indistinguishable from those of isografts. At the time of grafting, the vein wall consisted of a thin layer of collagen (50 microns thick) with a fine elastic lamina and no endothelium. By 1 week, most of this tissue was necrotic. By 2 weeks an endothelial layer was present and the wall was made of connective tissue, which increased in density by 4 weeks. At 10 weeks, a thick new intima had formed which doubled in thickness by 18 weeks. Electron micrographs revealed that this 'regenerated' intima was composed of smooth muscle cells surrounded by dense collagen and elastin. Sclerotic plaques were evident in some 18 week grafts. PMID- 6600907 TI - Influence of adjuvant radiation therapy in breast cancer on PWM induced Ig secretion by blood lymphocytes in vitro. AB - The capacity of PWM (poke-weed mitogen) to stimulate Ig-secretion by blood lymphocytes was examined before and at various times after local radiation therapy (46.0 Gy) for breast cancer. It was observed that the secretion of IgM, IgA and IgG were significantly reduced at completion of radiation therapy. Secretion of IgM was reduced to the highest relative extent (approximately 10% of the pretreatment value). Thereafter there was a recovery of the Ig-secreting capacity which, however, remained below the pretreatment level, 12-18 months after completion of radiation therapy. The capacity of PWM-stimulated blood lymphocytes to secrete specific antibodies against morbilli and herpes simplex virus was also significantly impaired after radiation therapy. The reduction of Ig-synthesis in vitro was not correlated with the increase in the ratio between numbers of monocytes and lymphocytes in peripheral blood after radiation therapy. Possible explanations for these results are discussed. PMID- 6600908 TI - Susceptibility of Pseudomonas paucimobilis to 24 antimicrobial agents. AB - Pseudomonas paucimobilis (group IIK, biotype 1) clinical isolates showed in vitro resistance to ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin, cefoxitin, cefamandole, moxalactam, cefotaxime, cefoperazone, mezlocillin, azlocillin, piperacillin, and ticarcillin. Those agents to which the microbes were shown to be susceptible were tetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, tobramycin, kanamycin, amikacin, netilmicin, sisomicin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and ceftizoxime. PMID- 6600909 TI - Comparative in vitro and in vivo activity of temocillin (BRL 17421) and ampicillin against Haemophilus influenzae type b. AB - A total of 42 strains of Haemophilus influenzae type b isolated from pediatric patients were sensitive in vitro to temocillin (90% minimal inhibitory concentration = 0.25 microgram/ml). No difference in mean minimal inhibitory concentration between beta-lactamase producer (0.25 microgram/ml) and nonproducer (0.23 microgram/ml) strains was found. Various dosages of ampicillin or temocillin for the treatment of infant rats with ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae bacteremia and meningitis yielded no difference in cure rates. These results suggest that temocillin may not be as effective as other new cephalosporins for the treatment of H. influenzae type b infections. PMID- 6600911 TI - Crohn's spondylitis: a family study. AB - We report a case of HLA B27 negative Crohn's spondylitis with a detailed study of the proband's family, including tissue types of all living relatives. The family included cases of psoriasis, psoriatic spondylitis, and idiopathic ankylosing spondylitis. We believe this to be the first report of these associated diseases occurring in one family. All relatives were B27 negative, including one with psoriatic spondylitis. The aetiological implications of these findings are considered. PMID- 6600910 TI - Production of the hydroxylated metabolites of vitamin D in a neonate with a single hypoplastic-dysplastic kidney. AB - The ability to produce dihydroxylated metabolites of vitamin D was studied in a term neonate suffering from severe renal insufficiency. The infant died at age 26 days owing to end-stage renal failure and the necropsy examination showed a single dysplastic kidney weighing 1.5 g. At age 2 weeks the serum levels of the dihydroxylated metabolites of vitamin D were found to be normal and a pronounced increase was noted 24 hours after injection of 100 000 IU vitamin D2. The study suggests that during the neonatal period a small renal mass is sufficient to maintain optimal circulating levels of the dihydroxylated metabolites of vitamin D. PMID- 6600912 TI - ANA in progressive systemic sclerosis. PMID- 6600913 TI - Monocyte-induced inhibition of lymphocyte response to phytohaemagglutinin in progressive systemic sclerosis. AB - In patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) lymphocyte responses to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) are abnormal (27.2 +/- 3.5 X 10(-3) counts per minute (cpm) versus 69.8 +/- 4.4 X 10(-3) for normal persons, p less than 0.005). Removal of adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells improves the response of PSS lymphocytes (42.3 +/- 3.4 X 10(-3) cpm, 155% of control) but diminishes the response of normal lymphocytes (60.3 +/- 5.9 +/- 10(-3), 86% of control). Supernatant fluids from cultures of PSS unfractionated and adherent cells depress normal T cell response to PHA (64% and 55% of control respectively), but supernatant fluids from normal unfractionated and adherent cells do not (104% and 101% of control). Supernatant fluids of PSS and normal adherent cells, cultured in the presence of indomethacin, are not inhibitory to normal T cells (109 +/- 15% and 124 +/- 14% of control respectively). Supernatant fluids from PSS patients are more inhibitory than comparable fluids from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (60 +/- 8% of control versus 80 +/- 5% of control). These data support the hypothesis that cellular immunity is abnormal in patients with PSS and indicate that adherent mononuclear cells mediate at least one component of the abnormality via an indomethacin-sensitive mechanism. PMID- 6600914 TI - Portacaval H-graft: relationships of shunt diameter, portal flow patterns and encephalopathy. AB - Small-diameter protacaval H-grafts, 10, 12, or 14 mm, were constructed in 29 cirrhotic patients with previous or active variceal hemorrhage. When 10 mm grafts were used in combination with portal collateral outflow ligation, varying degrees of prograde portal flow were maintained in 50% of the patients. When shunt size was greater, prograde flow was lost in more than 90%. The incidence of spontaneous postoperative encephalopathy was 11% in patients with prograde flow, compared with 50% in those with retrograde flow (p = 0.05). It is concluded that maintaining prograde portal flow after portacaval shunt is essential in minimizing postoperative encephalopathy. Prograde portal flow may be achieved in 50% of patients using 10 mm PTFE portacaval H-grafts combined with portal collateral ligation. PMID- 6600915 TI - Severe hypotension due to the use of bretylium for postcardiotomy ventricular arrhythmias. AB - We describe three patients who developed refractory hypotension after the administration of bretylium tosylate for postoperative ventricular ectopy. In one patient, the administration of vasopressors and fluid restored the blood pressure, but in the other two patients these measures failed, necessitating open heart cardiac massage. The hemodynamic effects of bretylium are unpredictable; therefore, this drug should be used cautiously in the treatment of postcardiotomy ventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 6600916 TI - CK-MB release following coronary artery bypass grafting in the absence of myocardial infarction. AB - Elevation of levels of the myocardial-specific isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK MB) in the immediate postoperative period in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting is usually associated with myocardial necrosis. However, mean isoenzyme elevations of 18 +/- 2 IU/L (standard error of the mean) were recently observed in 6 patients in the absence of electrocardiographic or scintigraphic (technetium 99m stannous pyrophosphate) evidence of perioperative myocardial infarction. To test the hypothesis that surgical trauma of the atrium and aorta during cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass might contribute to elevated CK-MB levels, biopsy of the right atrial appendage and aorta of 7 patients was done at operation, the tissue samples were assayed for total creatine kinase (CK) activity using the Rosalki technique, and for CK-MB using column chromatography. The results indicate that the human atrium is a rich source of CK, with the proportion of CK-MB similar to that present in the ventricle (20%). In addition, technical considerations inherent in the performance of coronary bypass surgery may result in release of CK-MB, causing elevated serum enzyme levels in the post coronary artery bypass patient in the absence of myocardial infarction. PMID- 6600917 TI - Familial hypogammaglobulinemia. Genetic linkage with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. PMID- 6600919 TI - Coronary artery bypass surgery in the elderly. AB - One hundred fifteen patients over 65 years of age were operated on at our institution for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The operative mortality was 5% compared with an overall operative mortality of 2.5% in the last five years for 1,500 persons with CABG. Increased risk factors included qualification for New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV, ejection fraction of less than 35%, diffuse disease requiring more than five grafts, and age over 75 years. At one year after operation, 81% of the patients were clinically improved, and the survival rate was 91%. Patients over 65 years of age in NYHA classes II and III with good left ventricular function requiring four or less bypass grafts appeared to have an excellent prognosis both acutely and during a one-year follow-up period. PMID- 6600918 TI - Granulomatous angiitis of the brain with herpes zoster and varicella encephalitis. AB - We studied a case of herpes zoster with varicella encephalitis in which a granulomatous necrotizing vasculitis was present in the optic nerve and brain. The vasculitis was observed even in foci devoid of inflammatory reaction in surrounding tissue, and was therefore interpreted as a primary vasculitis caused by varicella. To our knowledge, this is the first time a granulomatous vasculitis has been described as an integral part of varicella encephalitis, although others have made similar observations in the eye and even in viscera. These findings support the recent suggestion that so-called granulomatous angiitis of the CNS may be caused by the varicella virus. PMID- 6600920 TI - Age and immune response to a surgical stress. AB - We studied the effects of age and a relatively standardized stress (elective inguinal herniorrhaphy) on immune response. The patients included 20 men, ten at least 60 years old and ten younger, who were free of infection and illness and had not had prior surgery. Immune responses were measured one day before and five and 30 days after operation. We determined immunoglobulin levels, performed three delayed-hypersensitivity skin tests and a test for neutrophil chemotaxis, and measured lymphocyte responses to autologous cells, phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), and pokeweed. We also studied responses in 40 controls matched for age and sex. The responses to PHA and Con A were significantly lower in older patients than in controls at five days after operation; responses to Con A were still significantly lower at 30 days. Morbidity correlated with depressed immune responses in both age groups, even when there was no difference between older and younger patients. PMID- 6600922 TI - Successful coronary artery bypass surgery in the elderly. PMID- 6600921 TI - Receptors for the human papovavirus BK on human lymphocytes. PMID- 6600923 TI - A family with histologically confirmed Alzheimer's disease. AB - A Canadian family comprising 51 members affected with Alzheimer's disease was evaluated clinically, histologically, and genetically. Ancestors were traced through eight generations, and 51 members were examined at the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md. The pedigree is consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance. The effect of interrelatedness among some parents of affected individuals is unknown. In contrast to other studies, there was not an increased incidence of Down's syndrome, hematologic malignancy, or preponderance of affected females. PMID- 6600924 TI - Coupling between regional blood flow and oxygen utilization in the normal human brain. A study with positron tomography and oxygen 15. AB - Using the oxygen 15 continuous-inhalation technique and positron emission tomography (PET), the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), oxygen extraction fraction (rOEF) and oxygen utilization (rCMRO2) were measured in 19 control subjects. The rCBF and rCMRO2 values, computed for small regions of interest (ROI), were within accepted normal ranges. Larger, more convenient ROI provided values for gray and white matter regions that were, respectively, lower and higher than those found using small ROI. The rOEF values were not affected by the ROI size, but seemed to slightly overestimate real OEF. These findings may be explained by (1) the partial volume effect, and (2) some limitations of the 15O steady state model. The 15O-PET technique therefore provides representative but clinically useful physiological indexes. In addition, our study demonstrated the normal coupling between local oxygen supply and demand. PMID- 6600925 TI - Superficial epithelial keratectomy in the treatment of epithelial basement membrane dystrophy. A preliminary report. PMID- 6600926 TI - Modified transotic approach to the cerebellopontile angle. AB - A modification of the transotic approach to the cerebellopontile angle involves complete removal of the otic capsule bone, obliteration of the middle ear cleft, and removal of the posterior external auditory canal wall, while leaving the fallopian canal intact. The major advantage of this technique is that it allows more direct visualization of the most vulnerable portion of the facial nerve medial to the anterior wall of the internal auditory canal during acoustic tumor removal. PMID- 6600927 TI - Portal-systemic shunting in patients with non-alcoholic liver disease. AB - Portal systemic shunting for the treatment of bleeding oesophageal varices in non alcoholic patients is thought to have a better outcome than in patients with alcoholic portal hypertension. In a retrospective study of twenty-five non alcoholic patients who had undergone portal systemic shunting for the treatment of bleeding oesophageal varices, the perioperative and long term mortality was found to be unacceptably high. Therefore, an analysis was made to define the factors which may have contributed to the high mortality. It was found that the presence of one or more of the following factors contributed to the patient's demise: presence of active liver disease at the time of surgery, previous abdominal surgery, and the performance of shunting as an emergency in order to stop bleeding. It is concluded that in patients having one or more of these risk factors, currently available non-operative means of treating bleeding oesophageal varices should be considered. PMID- 6600929 TI - Pharmacokinetic evaluation of ICI 35 868 in man. Single induction doses with different rates of injection. AB - Blood concentrations of ICI 35 868 have been measured in patients following a single bolus dose of 2 mg kg-1. Three different rates of injection of the anaesthetic agent (3-5s, 20s and 40 or 50s) were examined. Pharmacokinetic indices, derived from blood concentrations of ICI 35 868, were independent of the speed of injection. The blood profiles could be described by a two-compartment open model with a mean alpha-phase half-life of 2.5 min and a mean beta-phase half-life of 54.5 min. The mean total body clearance was 3454 ml min-1. Similar data were obtained from a 4-mg kg-1 dose. The mean recovery time (4.4 min) and concentration of ICI 35 868 at awakening (1.05 micrograms ml-1) were also independent of the rate of injection. Using the derived pharmacokinetic model, predictions of drug concentrations have been made for repeated bolus doses, or infusions, of ICI 35 868. PMID- 6600928 TI - Perioperative coronary artery spasm leading to myocardial ischaemia after vein graft surgery. AB - Coronary artery spasm has been recognised recently as a possible cause of perioperative myocardial ischaemia after coronary artery bypass grafting. We report on one case and review the published reports. We emphasise the clinical picture of the patient who is liable to have spasm and the necessity for a prompt diagnosis and correct treatment. PMID- 6600930 TI - Evidence for phenotypic t precursor cells in human cord blood. PMID- 6600931 TI - Control of persistent primary postpartum haemorrhage due to uterine atony with intravenous prostaglandin E2. Case report. PMID- 6600932 TI - N-terminal amino acid sequences of the alpha and beta chains of HLA-DR1 and HLA DR2 antigens. AB - The N-terminal amino acid sequences of the alpha and beta chains of HLA-DR1 and HLA-DR2 antigens were obtained with subnanomole quantities of material by using a gas-liquid solid-phase sequencer. A comparison of the N-terminal amino acid sequences of HLA-DR1 and HLA-DR2 alpha chains revealed no differences. However, in the first 35 N-terminal residues of the beta chains from HLA-DR1 and HLA-DR2 antigens, two regions of variability are readily apparent, each comprising about six amino acids. Conceivably one or both of these variability regions may be responsible for the serologically defined polymorphism of HLA-DR alloantigens. PMID- 6600933 TI - Selective loss of a plasma membrane protein associated with contraction of skeletal muscle. AB - Muscle proteins were labeled by incubating isolated frog sartorius muscles with [3H]- or [14C]phenylalanine. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of plasma membrane fractions revealed a major protein band with an apparent molecular weight of approx. 96,000. Radioactivity in this band showed a clearly delineated decrease, relative to other bands, when previously labeled muscles were induced to contract either by electrical stimulation or by increasing the influx of Ca2+ from the incubation medium. It is postulated that a Ca2+-activated neutral protease may account for this decrease in labeled membrane protein. PMID- 6600934 TI - Alterations in the rat renal glycosaminoglycans in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. AB - The effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the glycosaminoglycan composition of rat renal cortical tissue was evaluated. Glycosaminoglycans were isolated and purified from the kidney cortex of control and diabetic rats by means of digestion with collagenase, pronase and ethanol precipitation. Subsequent fractionation was performed by ion exchange chromatography on Dowex 1 X2 Cl using various concentrations of sodium chloride solution. The glycosaminoglycan in each fraction was characterized by digestion with hyaluronidase, chondroitinase AC and ABC. The undigested glycosaminoglycans were separated after each enzyme digestion and quantitated. The glycosaminoglycan composition of each fraction was computed from the enzyme digestion profile. The results indicate that in renal cortex of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats there was a significant reduction in the levels of dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate and hyaluronic acid, while the chondroitin sulfate remained unaffected. In light of this finding, the significance of these anionic polysaccharides in renal functions is discussed. PMID- 6600935 TI - Response of mouse hepatoma cell methylenetetrahydrofolate polyglutamates to folate deprivation. AB - The behavior of methylenetetrahydrofolate polyglutamate conjugates in cultured mouse hepatoma cells which were starved of folate has been investigated. Folate deprivation caused methylenetetrahydrofolate levels to decrease an order of magnitude. This diminished pool consisted essentially completely of the octaglutamate form. Replenishment of the media with folate caused a slow recovery to normal levels of methylenetetrahydrofolate with undetectable quantities of shorter chain length polyglutamates observable during recovery. Leucovorin, on the other hand, caused a much more rapid recovery to normal levels and gave rise to the early appearance of short chain length polyglutamate intermediates. PMID- 6600936 TI - Heterogeneous pathways of Ca2+ metabolism in the triggering of the proliferative process in rat thymocytes. AB - Concanavalin A induces in rat thymocytes a calcium uptake at 1 h exposure and proliferative response after 24 h exposure. Phosphodiesterase activity parallels the proliferative response (thymidine uptake). Valinomycin, monensin and a small dose of ouabain also induce calcium uptake, but do not lead to thymidine uptake later. The latter treatments reduce, in some instances drastically, the concanavalin A response with respect to thymidine uptake. Trifluoperazine reduces the unstimulated thymidine uptake and the concanavalin A induced thymidine uptake. These results suggest that calcium has a decisive role in inducing proliferation but that some ways of increasing cellular Ca2+ concentration interfere in other steps with the DNA synthesis. PMID- 6600937 TI - Selection and characterization of a murine lymphoid cell line partially deficient in S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. AB - The exact role of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (EC 3.3.1.1) in mediating the toxic effects of adenosine toward mammalian cells has not been ascertained. The selection and characterization of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase-deficient cell lines offers a biochemical genetic approach to this problem. In the present experiments, a mutant clone (Sahn 12) with 11-13% of wild-type S adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase activity was selected from the murine T lymphoma cell line R 1.1 after mutagenesis and culture in adenosine, deoxycoformycin, uridine and homocysteine thiolactone-supplemented medium. In the presence of 0.5 mM homocysteine thiolactone and 10-200 microM adenosine, wild-type and mutant cells synthesized S-adenosylhomocysteine intracellularly at markedly different rates, and excreted the compound extracellularly. Thus, at time points up to 10 h, the S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase-deficient lymphoblasts required 5-10-fold higher concentrations of adenosine in the medium to achieve the same intracellular S-adenosylhomocysteine levels as wild-type cells. Similarly, the Sahn 12 lymphoblasts were 5-10-fold more resistant than R 1.1 cells to the toxic effects of adenosine plus homocysteine thiolactone. These results establish that (i) 11-13% of wild-type S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase activity is compatible with normal growth, (ii) in medium supplemented with both adenosine and homocysteine thiolactone, intracellular S-adenosylhomocysteine is synthesized by S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, (iii) the net intracellular level of S adenosylhomocysteine is determined by both the rate of S-adenosylhomocysteine synthesis and its rate of excretion, (iv) under such conditions the accumulation of S-adenosylhomocysteine is related to cytotoxicity, (v) in the absence of an exogenous homocysteine source, S-adenosylhomocysteine derives from endogenous sources, and the accumulation of S-adenosylhomocysteine is not the primary cause of adenosine induced cytotoxicity. PMID- 6600938 TI - Lateral diffusion and patch formation of H-2Kk antigens on mouse spleen lymphocytes. AB - We have studied the diffusion and aggregation of H-2Kk antigens labeled with a fluorescent anti-H-2Kk monoclonal antibody (IgG) on mouse splenic lymphocytes, employing fluorescence photobleaching recovery and fluorescence microscopy. The H 2Kk antigens were initially distributed homogeneously on all lymphocytes. Upon antibody binding, sub-micron patches were formed on 50-60% of the cells. A lateral diffusion coefficient, D, of 7.1 X 10(-10) cm2/s and a mobile fraction of 0.73 were found for H-2Kk antigens on diffusely-labeled cells, while these antigens were immobile (D less than or equal to 5 X 10(-12) cm2/s) on patched cells. The patched and nonpatched sub-populations did not correspond to B- and T lymphocytes. Subjection to low temperature or treatment with NaN3 or cytoskeleton disrupting drugs did not affect the diffusion or patching of H-2Kk, indicating no involvement of metabolic energy or drug-sensitive cytoskeletal components. These findings could be related to the interactions of H-2 antigens on the cell surface, and to the different susceptibilities of various cells to lysis by cytotoxic T-cells. PMID- 6600939 TI - [Mossbauer spectroscopy of intramolecular mobility in chromatophores from Rhodopseudomonas spheroides]. AB - Mobility of the Mossbauer label attached to the membrane proteins and the Mossbauer probe embedded into the lipid matrix of the bacterial chromatophores were studied. Positive correlation was established between the dynamic properties of hydrophobic compartments in the chromatophores and functional electron- transport activity at the level of quinone cofactors associated with the photosynthetic reaction centres. PMID- 6600940 TI - [Determination of the surface area and viscosity of membranes in T- and B lymphocytes by means of fluorescent probes]. AB - The surface area of lymphocyte membranes was measured by registering Forster's energy transfer on fluorescent probes. Pyrene served as donor, 4-(n hydroxystyryl)-N-tetradecylpiridinium (HSP) was the acceptor. The surface area B lymphocyte membranes was shown to be 1,2 times larger than that of T-lymphocytes. The mean value of lymphocyte membranes viscosity was measured using the excimerization effect of pyrene. This value was the same in all the cells investigated Fluorescence of the probe 3-methoxybenzanthrone (MBA) was 2-2.5 times higher in B-lymphocytes and was not proportional to the surface area of T- and B-cells membranes. MBA fluorescence may imply some differences in physical structures of these cells which are not connected with the viscosity of their membrane lipid phase. PMID- 6600941 TI - [Effect of thymectomy on tolerance induction and on formation of T-suppressors]. PMID- 6600942 TI - [Effect of T-activin on thymocyte reproduction and migration]. AB - Forty seven F1 (CBA X C57Bl) mice were used for quantitative morphologic examination of the thymus on 1, 5, 10 and 15 days after a single injection of 0.5 microgram T-activin, and injections of 0.1 microgram of T-activin once a day during 5 days. The number of transformed thymocytes and mitoses figures in cortex was found to be increased reaching a maximum at the 5th day as regards the magnitude and spreading. By the end of the research the number of transformed thymocytes and mitoses returned to initial values. There was a periodical (at the 5th and 10th days) 1 mm2 reduction in the number of thymocytes, an increase in the proportion of medullary thymocytes, reaching maximum at the 5th day, and a tendency towards the reduction of a relative area of the parenchyma. These indicators did not return to the initial values by the 15th days. However there was a tendency towards normalization. The conclusion is made about the stimulatory effect of T-activin on reproduction and migration of thymocytes. PMID- 6600943 TI - T-cell surface antigens in a patient with blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia. AB - There is little evidence to suggest that T lymphocytes are involved in the leukemic process in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). A case of CML in blast phase is described in which T-cell surface antigens were detected by immunofluorescence on the patient's blasts using monoclonal antibodies. In order to determine that the T-cell blasts were derived from the original CML clone, cells bearing the T3 antigen were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and chromosome analysis was performed. All metaphases examined had the Philadelphia chromosome, confirming their origin from CML. PMID- 6600944 TI - Selective toxicity of deoxyguanosine and arabinosyl guanine for T-leukemic cells. AB - Deoxyguanosine is selectively cytotoxic to leukemic cells from patients with T acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), whereas all other leukemic cell types were significantly less sensitive. Arabinosylguanine, a deoxyguanosine analog resistant to cleavage by purine nucleoside phosphorylase, is a more potent inhibitor of DNA synthesis in T-leukemic cells than deoxyguanosine and retains a selective cytotoxic activity for T-leukemic cells. Deoxyguanosine and arabinosylguanine are phosphorylated to deoxyGTP and arabinosylGTP, respectively, by T cells but not by other cell types. The phosphorylation and the cytotoxicity of arabinosylguanine are prevented by deoxycytidine. The selectivity of arabinosylguanine for malignant T cells, the exquisite sensitivity of these cells to the drug, and the failure of PNP to cleave the nucleoside indicate its potential in the treatment of T-ALL. PMID- 6600945 TI - Production and regulation of interleukin-2 in human lymphoblastic leukemias studied with T-cell monoclonal antibodies. AB - Human leukemias are illnesses of hemopoietic stem cells that go through processes of self-replication and partial differentiation under the control of as yet largely unknown growth and differentiation factors. IL-2 is a powerful factor controlling proliferation of normal T cells. We report that acute lymphoblastic leukemias of T and non-B, non-T phenotypes produce a growth factor after mitogen stimulation. This factor is able to support the proliferation of human and murine IL-2-dependent cytotoxic cells, has a mol wt of 26,000 daltons by gel filtration, an isoelectric point of 6.6, and its biologic activity is inhibited by an anti IL 2 monoclonal antibody. This factor is, therefore, by all parameters studied very similar to IL-2 produced by normal lymphocytes. A recently developed monoclonal antibody, Pan T2, binds to normal T cells, renders T cells responsive to IL-2, and induces the release of IL-2, which in turn provides the second signal for T cell proliferation. Mononuclear cells from acute lymphoblastic leukemia do not respond to the addition of this monoclonal antibody unless cocultured with irradiated Daudi cells. Since normal T cells do not require Daudi to produce IL-2 and since Daudi cells do not produce IL-2 under any conditions, we conclude that the cell responsible for IL-2 production in acute lymphatic leukemia is a leukemic T cell with an altered mechanism of IL-2 production at the level of the Pan T2 binding site. PMID- 6600946 TI - Kinetics of circulating B lymphocytes in human myeloma. AB - The tritiated thymidine labeling index (LI%) of peripheral B lymphocytes was studied in eight myeloma patients using simultaneous immunofluorescence and autoradiography. The LI% values were low (0.3%-5.1%), but significantly increased as compared to normal controls. In addition, there was excellent correlation between the LI% values and myeloma disease activity: lowest LI% values were observed in remission patients and the highest at the time of relapse. Simultaneous LI% evaluation of bone marrow myeloma cells in five patients gave concordant results, indicating the same kinetic behavior in both these compartments, particularly in the relapse phase. These data indicate both that circulating B lymphocytes include the neoplastic clone and that these B lymphocytes and bone marrow myeloma cells have similar kinetics. PMID- 6600947 TI - Sodium azide enhancement of interleukin-2 production. AB - The production of large quantities of Interleukin-2 (IL-2) from normal human lymphocytes has been limited by the short production and release period, as well as its absorption by the responsive cell population. We report the utilization of sodium azide (NaN3, 0.01% final concentration) to allow continued production of IL-2 as long as 72-96 hr and thereby increase the yield significantly. Cell cycle analysis performed by flow cytometry indicates that NaN3 blocks cells at the G0 G1 transition and the G1-S transition, depending on the time of addition of NaN3 to the cultures. PMID- 6600948 TI - Cutaneous lymphoblastic lymphoma with pre-B markers. AB - Two children with cutaneous convoluted lymphoblastic lymphoma are reported. Malignant cells from both patients contained cytoplasmic Mu heavy chains characteristic of pre-B-cells and expressed CALLA and la antigens as well. Most cases of convoluted lymphoblastic lymphoma are T-cell-derived neoplasms. The non T, non-B phenotype found in these two children demonstrates that histology does not necessarily predict immunophenotype. The association of the pre-B phenotype with cutaneous lymphoma has not been previously reported, but may represent a unique clinical-histopathologic-immunologic entity that occurs in young children. PMID- 6600949 TI - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia progenitor cells carry the antigens T65, BA-1, and Ia. AB - CLL B cells may be induced to form B-cell colonies in vitro. Colonies formed are monoclonal and appear to reflect the circulating malignant B-cell clone in vitro. Using hybridoma-produced monoclonal antibodies (MAB) and an in vitro B-cell colony assay, we have provided a characterization of the antigenic phenotype of the clonogenic CLL B cell. B-cell colony growth in both patients and normals was not altered by prior incubation with either MAB or complement (C') alone. CLL B cell colony formation was markedly reduced after treatment with T101 and C', while normal colonies were unaffected (8 +/- 2 versus 107 +/- 10). None of the residual CLL B-cell colonies after T-101 and C' treatment reacted with T-101. However, BA-1 and la reactivity were still seen in residual CLL B-cell colonies following T-101 treatment. In contrast, a similar percentage reduction of B-cell colony growth was seen for both normals and CLL patients following treatment with BA-1 (76% versus 81%) and Q5/13 (89% versus 92%). These studies suggest that the CLL progenitor cell is characterized by the phenotype la+, BA-1+, T-101+. Better definition of the CLL progenitor cell has potential implications with regards to clinical utilization of MAB in the treatment of CLL. PMID- 6600950 TI - Suppression of mouse myelopoiesis by administration of human lactoferrin in vivo and the comparative action of human transferrin. AB - Purified human lactoferrin was assessed for its influence in vivo in untreated mice and in mice undergoing rebound myelopoiesis after sublethal dosages of Cytoxan. Fully iron-saturated lactoferrin suppressed the numbers of granulocytes and monocytes per femur, the numbers of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM) per femur and spleen, and decreased the cycle status of femoral and splenic CFU-GM. These effects were detected after administration of lactoferrin i.v. or i.p. into untreated and Cytoxan-treated mice. The suppressive effects on cellularity and numbers of CFU-GM per femur were apparent to a greater degree in mice treated with Cytoxan, and the i.v. route appeared preferable to the i.p. route. Heat-treated lactoferrin, inactive in vitro, was inactive in vivo, but iron-depleted (apo-) lactoferrin, inactive in vitro, was active in vivo, suggesting that the apo-lactoferrin acquired the iron in vivo that was necessary to change it into an active form. Titration of the effects of lactoferrin in Cytoxan-treated mice demonstrated a plateau curve of suppression of nucleated cells and CFU-GM per femur with dosages ranging from 100 micrograms to 10(-4) micrograms lactoferrin per mouse, with loss of activity at 10(-5) micrograms. The suppressive effect of lactoferrin on cycle status of CFU-GM required concentrations of 10 micrograms or higher. The effects of lactoferrin were reversible with time, with the suppressive influence on cycling status being lost before that on numbers of CFU-GM per femur. Purified human transferrin was also assessed for its influence in mice undergoing rebound myelopoiesis. Transferrin decreased the nucleated cellularity and the number of CFU-GM per femur and per spleen, but had little or no influence on the cycling status of CFU-GM and differed in its temporal effect on myelopoiesis from that of lactoferrin. These results suggest that lactoferrin and transferrin suppress the number of progenitor cells moving into the CFU-GM compartment and lactoferrin suppresses the cycling status of cells within the CFU-GM compartment. These effects are probably mediated by an action on the production of factors necessary for movement of cells into, and cell cycling within, the CFU-GM compartment. PMID- 6600951 TI - Brain tumours. AB - Brain tumours are uncommon but not rare. They occur particularly in the young and the middle aged. Rather more than 50 per cent are malignant with poor prognosis in spite of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, benign brain tumours can in general be cured. Early diagnosis and treatment are important in diminishing the morbidity and mortality rates in the latter group and in providing better palliative management in the former. Advances in neuroradiology, particularly the development of CT, have made early diagnosis possible, given clinical awareness of the syndromes of brain tumour on the part of the physician. New methods of accurate CT-controlled surgery for glioma have also been introduced. Advances in adjuvant methods of radiotherapy, with radiation sensitizers or interstitial implantation, and of chemotherapy by tailoring the drug regimen to an individual patient and by targeting agents specifically to brain tumour, are being sought while the feasibility of fresh modes of immunotherapy has been tested. These developments hold some hope that results for malignant glioma may improve in the forseeable future. PMID- 6600953 TI - Parastomal haemorrhage from an ileal conduit secondary to portal hypertension. PMID- 6600952 TI - Procaine alters fast excitatory postsynaptic current decay in amphibian sympathetic ganglia. AB - 1--The effects of procaine (25-200 microM) on the fast excitatory postsynaptic currents (e.p.s.cs) of bullfrog sympathetic ganglion B cells were studied with a two-microelectrode voltage clamp system. 2--Procaine decreased peak e.p.s.c. size with no measurable decrease in quantal content. 3--The peak e.p.s.c.-voltage relationship was linear in control cells, but showed a marked nonlinearity in cells treated with procaine so that peak e.p.s.c. size decreased progressively at hyperpolarized values of membrane potential. The e.p.s.c. reversal potential was not altered in procaine. 4--Although the e.p.s.c. decay time course was well described by a single exponential in control cells, the decay phase often became complex in the presence of procaine. The decay phase consisted of two components in the presence of procaine which became more obvious with increasing concentration and membrane hyperpolarization. 5--In control cells, the e.p.s.c. time constant of decay increased with membrane hyperpolarization. In the presence of procaine, the first time constant of decay, tauf, increased with hyperpolarization up to -40mV, but then decreased with hyperpolarization between 40 and -100mV. 6--We conclude that procaine has two sites of action at postganglionic sympathetic neurones: (1) it reduces the number of activatable receptor-channel complexes and (2) procaine blocks open synaptic channels. Blockade of open channels became more important with hyperpolarization. PMID- 6600954 TI - The causes, management and outcome of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage in an Indian hospital. AB - Four hundred and eight consecutive patients with upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage, admitted to a large hospital in India over the 5-year period 1976 81, were studied prospectively. The mean age was 41 years, the male: female ratio was 3: 1, causes of bleeding were oesophageal varices in 45.5 per cent, duodenal ulcer in 25 per cent, gastric ulcer in 5 per cent and gastritis in 8.5 per cent. One hundred and twelve patients had operations with on overall mortality of 20 (18 per cent). Thirty-three (11 per cent) of the unoperated patients died. Eighty seven per cent of patients left hospital alive and 76 per cent returned to their former way of life. Patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding in North India are mainly young males, nearly half bleeding from oesophageal varices, and have a moderately good prognosis. PMID- 6600955 TI - Gardnerella vaginalis and anaerobic bacteria in genital disease. AB - In a study of Gardnerella vaginalis and anaerobic bacteria in non-specific vaginitis (NSV) and other genital disease 89 patients attending a genital medicine clinic had vaginal samples examined for conventional pathogens and for quantitative analysis of G vaginalis and aerobic and anaerobic bacterial flora. The overall incidence of G vaginalis was 20%; G vaginalis (mean concentration 7.0 log10/g of secretion) occurred predominantly in patients with NSV (57%) but also in sexual contacts of non-specific urethritis (NSU) (37.5%) and in patients with other conditions (11.8%). G vaginalis is therefore a relatively common isolate in patients with vaginal discharge. The concentration of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria ranged from 4.9-11.0 log10/g of secretion with an anaerobe-to-aerobe ratio of 10:1. Anaerobic bacteria, particularly anaerobic Gram-positive cocci (mean concentrations 7.7 log10/g), were present in patients with NSV and in association with G vaginalis, but they also occurred in other clinical groups and with other pathogens, particularly Trichomonas vaginalis. Anaerobic bacteria may therefore play an important role in the pathogenesis of vaginal infections. PMID- 6600956 TI - Serial observations on the pathophysiology of acute stroke. The transition from ischaemia to infarction as reflected in regional oxygen extraction. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow, fractional oxygen extraction and oxygen metabolism have been measured in 34 patients after acute nonhaemorrhagic cerebral hemispheric infarction. Nine cases showed elevated oxygen extraction in the region of the early infarct, and these were the patients studied earliest after the onset of stroke. The results of serial studies to follow the evolution of the pathophysiology of acute stroke in these 9 patients are presented. The elevated oxygen extraction within the early infarct showed a significant reduction over the week following the onset of stroke. The reason for this fall in the fractional use of available oxygen varied in individual cases, and at the extremes was associated with a marked reduction in oxygen metabolism with a further small fall in residual blood flow, or a return of flow without recovery of oxygen metabolism. The significance of oxygen extraction in terms of potential viability of the tissue is discussed. The finding of a lower oxygen extraction in subcortical grey and white matter compared to cortex within the first hours or days of a major stroke is considered indicative of an earlier change from ischaemia to infarction in the deep tissues, probably related to the anatomy of the microvasculature. The interpretation of the results in the light of knowledge accumulated from studies of ischaemia in animals is presented, and problems imposed on data analysis by current limitations in positron emission tomography are discussed. PMID- 6600957 TI - Intraganglionic distribution of the primary afferent neurons in the frog glossopharyngeal nerve and its transganglionic projection to the rhombencephalon studied by HPR method. AB - Anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) along the bullfrog IXth nerve was studied 6-16 days after application of HRP to the cut end of either the IXth nerve trunk or its distal 2 branches. The jugular and IXth nerve ganglia attached to the rhombencephalon were removed after fixation and serial sections of 50 microns in thickness were stained by the Graham and Karnovsky method. Of all the primary afferent neurons in the IXth nerve, 62% of the cell bodies were distributed within the IXth nerve ganglion, the remaining 38%, within the jugular ganglion. Similar distribution was found with the cells belonging to each of the IXth nerve branches. A part of the transganglionic IXth nerve fibers entering the medulla oblongata ascended to the cerebellar peduncle while the majority descended along the fasciculus solitarius. Some of the descending fibers in the fasciculus extended to the dorsal field of the spinal cord at the third spinal nerve, while some others run to join the descending tract of trigeminal nerve. PMID- 6600958 TI - A horseradish peroxidase study of feline mandibular incisors. PMID- 6600959 TI - Sprouting in intact sartorius muscles of the frog following contralateral axotomy. AB - The intact hind limb sartorius muscle of the frog was examined anatomically for sprouting following axotomy of the sciatic nerve that contains motor axons innervating the contralateral sartorius muscle. The incidence of sprouting in intact muscles of experimental animals increased more than 3-fold over normal. Thus, contralateral axotomy produces sprouting in intact sartorius muscles much the same as it does in cutaneous-pectoris and piriformis muscles of the frog. PMID- 6600960 TI - Studies on experimental murine histoplasmosis: host protection and cellular immunity. AB - Mice immunized subcutaneously with 10(6) viable yeast cells of Histoplasma capsulatum exhibited host protection to a challenge infection and also exhibited concomitant manifestations of cellular immunity to a culture filtrate antigen (yeast extract dialysate (YED)-histoplasmin). Protective immunity was determined by quantitative culture of organisms from infected spleens on a solid medium containing a growth factor produced by the organism. As early as 4 days following immunization, host protection was observed in mice. Positive footpad swelling, indicative of delayed-type hypersensitivity, also was apparent at the early time period (4-7 days) after immunization. By days 14 and 21 following immunization, the mice exhibited maximum footpad responses and maximum splenic clearance of yeast cells. As an additional correlate of cellular immunity, YED-histoplasmin was coupled with chromic chloride to murine erythrocytes (M-RBC) and mixed with immune or nonimmune splenic lymphocytes to detect antigen-specific rosette forming cells (RFC's). Only splenic lymphocytes from mice immunized with H. capsulatum formed antigen-specific RFC's (greater than or equal to 0.2%). Pretreatment of splenic lymphocytes with antitheta (theta) serum plus complement greatly reduced the numbers of RFC's, illustrating their T cell nature. Host protection and cell-mediated immune responses decreased substantially by day 28 following immunization. PMID- 6600961 TI - Effects of nitrous oxide on human cell lines. AB - Hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cell lines cultured in media containing either 5-methyltetrahydrofolate or 5-formyltetrahydrofolate grow well to the same extent. However, when these same cell lines are grown in the presence of nitrous oxide, selective growth inhibition can be shown for hematopoietic cells cultured in 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-containing media. These cells also demonstrated a decreased ability to suppress [3H]-thymidine incorporation into DNA in deoxyuridine suppression tests. PMID- 6600962 TI - Contributions of the depletions of guanine and adenine nucleotides to the toxicity of purine starvation in the mouse T lymphoma cell line. PMID- 6600964 TI - Extraction of a melanoma growth-stimulatory activity from culture medium conditioned by the Hs0294 human melanoma cell line. AB - Extracts of conditioned medium (CM) from Hs0294 human malignant melanoma cells stimulate [3H]thymidine incorporation and an increase in cell number in serum depleted Hs0294 cells. This activity is acid and heat stable, nonproteolytic, protease sensitive, contains disulfide bonds and elutes broadly from a Bio-Gel P 30 column with an approximate molecular weight range of 6,000 to 25,000. Hs0294 CM also stimulates [3H]thymidine incorporation in nonmalignant human nevus cells and normal rat kidney fibroblast cells but not in human fibroblasts. There was only limited competition with 125I-epidermal growth factor in binding assays. Hs0294 CM extracts stimulate anchorage-independent growth in normal rat kidney fibroblast cells in soft agar but not in Hs0294 cells, nevus cells, or human fibroblasts. This second activity elutes from the Bio-Gel P-30 column in two positions with apparent molecular weights of 27,000 and 11,000. PMID- 6600963 TI - Newly established uterine cervical cancer cell line (SKG-III) with Regan isoenzyme, human chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit, and pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein phenotypes. AB - The production of Regan isoenzyme (heat-stable, L-phenylalanine-sensitive term placental alkaline phosphatase), human chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit, and pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein by newly characterized human uterine cervical cancer cell lines, SKG-IIIa and SKG-IIIb, is reported. These cell lines were derived from a moderately differentiated epidermoid cancer partially mixed with epidermoid clear-cell components. At the end of the first 4 months in culture 2 sublines with different morphologies were identified. In nude mice, SKG IIIa produce clear-cell epidermoid cancer with much glycogen, while SKG-IIIb grew as a moderately differentiated epidermoid cancer rich in tonofilaments. The presence of Regan isoenzyme was established by biochemistry, enzyme cytochemistry, immunocytochemistry, and immunoelectrophoresis. However, the copresence of small amounts of early placental alkaline phosphatase was also demonstrated. The alkaline phosphatase specific activities of SKG-IIIa cells and SKG-IIIb cells were 3.7 and 1.4 nmol per mg protein per min, respectively. The existence was proven by radioimmunoassay of human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit (SKG-IIIa, 5.0 mlU/mg protein; SKG-IIIb, 4.4 mlU/mg protein), pregnancy specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SKG-IIIa, 0.7 ng/mg protein) in the culture media as a tumor cell product. The described cell lines may serve as a more representative model system for studies of regulation of oncodevelopmental genes in gynecological tumors in general and in epidermoid cervical cancer in particular. PMID- 6600965 TI - Response of human myeloid leukemia cells to various sources of colony-stimulating activity and phytohemagglutinin-conditioned medium. AB - The response of human myeloid leukemia cells to various sources of colony stimulating activity (CSA) and media conditioned by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated mononuclear cells (PHA-LCM) was investigated in liquid and colony culture. PHA LCM, placenta-conditioned medium, GCT cell line-conditioned medium, leukocyte conditioned medium, and partially purified CSA for human and murine cells were tested for ability to support growth of granulocyte-macrophage colonies from adherent cell-depleted human bone marrow. This activity was correlated with ability to support leukemia colony growth in methylcellulose, and [3H]thymidine incorporation in liquid culture by normal bone marrow cells, leukemia cells, and the KG-1 myeloid leukemia cell line. For normal cells, growth and liquid culture responses were highly correlated for various sources of CSA (r = 0.92), and addition of data using PHA-LCM changed results only slightly (r = 0.89). [3H]thymidine incorporation by leukemia cells from patients without a prior history of a myeloproliferative disorder was also highly correlated with normal CSA (r = 0.97) for sources other than PHA-LCM. Responses of leukemia blasts and KG-1 cells in liquid culture to PHA-LCM appeared in excess of its CSA for normal cells. Colony growth by leukemia cells was not clearly correlated with either liquid culture activity for leukemia cells or CSA for normal cells. PHA-LCM was also not statistically superior to placenta-conditioned medium as stimulus for leukemia colony growth, but was superior to placenta-conditioned medium for some patients. Differentiation in culture did not appear to depend on CSA source. We conclude that normal myeloid cells respond to CSA in a highly correlated fashion in both colony and liquid cultures. The majority of myeloid leukemia cells respond to either PHA-LCM or CSA, but the ability of PHA-LCM to support leukemia cell growth is greater than its CSA content. The possibility exists that overlapping populations responsive to CSA and to PHA-LCM are present simultaneously in patients with myeloid leukemia. PMID- 6600966 TI - Association of hypercalcemia with tumors producing colony-stimulating factor(s). AB - Two human malignant tumors, which we previously reported to produce colony stimulating factors (CSFs), were found to be accompanied by remarkable hypercalcemia. A patient with a CSF-producing lower jaw cancer (squamous cell carcinoma) developed a marked granulocytosis (150,000/microliters) and hypercalcemia (more than 215 mg/dl). The tumor was successfully transplanted into nude mice, which developed marked granulocytosis (300,000/microliters) and hypercalcemia (20 mg/dl). White blood cell and serum calcium concentrations of these mice decreased promptly to normal levels when the tumor was excised. Treatment with prednisolone (1.5 mg/kg) or indomethacin (5 mg/kg) had no effect on the serum calcium level of these mice. Parathyroid hormone or prostaglandin E was not increased in the serum of the mice or in the tumor tissue. However, the mice bearing the tumor excreted extremely large amounts of calcium in their urine, and their bony tissues contained less calcium and phosphorus than controls. Moreover, histology of bony tissues of these nude mice clearly demonstrated the decrease in trabecular tissues and cortical thickness as well as remarkable activation of osteoclasts. Another patient with a CSF-producing bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma showed mild granulocytosis and hypercalcemia. The biopsied tumor tissue was transplanted into nude mice, which developed marked granulocytosis (300,000/microliters) and also severe hypercalcemia (18 mg/dl). These results suggest the presence of a new syndrome of granulocytosis and hypercalcemia associated with CSF-producing tumors. The causal mechanism of the hypercalcemia was shown to be some humoral factor which activates osteoclasts other than parathyroid hormone. Neither prostaglandins nor osteoclast-activating factor seemed to be the cause of the hypercalcemia. PMID- 6600967 TI - Suppression of lymphocyte activation by plasma lipoproteins. AB - Activation of T-lymphocytes in vitro by the polyclonal mitogen phytohemagglutinin is inhibited by plasma lipoproteins with hydrated densities of less than 1.063 g/ml and which contain the apolipoproteins B (apoB) of hepatic (apoB100) and intestinal (apoB48) origin and apolipoprotein E (apoE). Lipids are not required for suppression of lymphocyte activation. Purified apoE, apoB48, and apoB100 inhibit phytohemagglutinin-induced phospholipid turnover and DNA synthesis. These apolipoproteins share a common role. All are involved with the transport of cholesterol in the aqueous channels of the body, the lymph and blood. However, the absence of a lipid requirement for suppression indicates that the suppressive mechanism is independent of the low-density-lipoprotein receptor pathway, the major pathway through which cells obtain extracellular cholesterol. The suppressive potency of lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in the proliferative phase of polyclonal lymphocyte activation is determined by the ratio of T lymphocytes to accessory cells (adherent monocytes). Suppression is greatest when the number of monocytes per culture is low and least when the T-cell:adherent cell ratio is about 1:1. Preincubation of lipoproteins directly with adherent cells reduces the ability of the lipoproteins to inhibit lymphocyte proliferation, suggesting that the adherent cels chemically alter the lipoproteins. The physiological importance of the plasma lipoproteins in regulating the immune response of the host will therefore depend on the lymphocyte:monocyte ratio and on the concentration of suppressive lipoproteins in the lymph nodes and spleen. PMID- 6600968 TI - Biochemical pharmacology and toxicology of formycin alone and in combination with 2'-deoxycoformycin (pentostatin). AB - The toxicology and pharmacology of formycin both as a single agent and combined with the adenosine deaminase inhibitor 2'-deoxycoformycin (dCF) were examined in outbred Swiss mice heterozygous for the nude gene (nu/+). The LD10 for formycin alone given on a daily x 5 schedule was 21 mg/kg. When the animals were pretreated with 1 mg/kg of dCF 1 hour prior to each dose of formycin, toxicity was approximately doubled, ie, LD10 was reduced to 10 mg/kg. Death was associated with hepatic toxicity in both treatment regimens; suppression of leukocyte counts was mild except at doses greater than the LD10. Formycin nucleotides were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography in the livers of mice treated with formycin either alone or combined with dCF. When isolated rat hepatocytes were incubated for 2 hours with either formycin or dCF plus formycin, analog nucleotides accumulated in the cells. Cellular ATP decreased to below the limits of detection, whereas a large peak corresponding to formycin-5'-triphosphate was present. This replacement of cellular ATP by formycin-5'-triphosphate may help explain the hepatic toxicity observed. PMID- 6600969 TI - Effects of reticuloendothelial system blockade on haemopoietic response to irradiation of LPS non-responsive C3H/HeJ mice. PMID- 6600970 TI - Effects of 1,25- and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on bone formation in the cichlid teleost Sarotherodon mossambicus. AB - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 have antagonistic effects on the acellular bone of the tilapia Sarotherodon mossambicus. 1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits the activity of the lining osteoblasts. Prolonged administration leads to demineralization of the bone matrix. Injection of 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 induces structural signs of greatly enhanced appositional bone growth within three days. No effects were observed on the mineral content of pre-existing bone. Both 1,25- and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 may have distinct, but different physiological functions in fish. PMID- 6600971 TI - Ultrastructural characteristics of immunolabelled, corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)-synthesizing neurons in the rat brain. AB - The corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)-synthesizing perikarya and neural processes were detected at ultrastructural level in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and in the median eminence of control and colchicine pretreated rats. The unlabelled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex (PAP) immunohistochemical method was used in a pre-embedding manner, on thick, non frozen sections. In CRF-perikarya, neurosecretory granules (80-120 nm in diameter), free ribosomes, and the rough endoplasmic reticulum were labelled. Unlabelled axon terminals formed asymmetric synapses on CRF-containing perikarya and dendrites. Immunolabelled axons terminated in the palisadic zone of the median eminence. PMID- 6600972 TI - Studies on the induction and expression of T-cell-mediated immunity. XIII. Membrane-associated antigens of cytotoxic T lymphocytes involved in cytotoxicity. AB - An xenogeneic rat anti-mouse T-cell serum, designated RAT*, has been shown to block the cytolytic activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) at a postbinding step. RAT* serum or the IgG fraction was extensively absorbed with the target cell, P815, a DBA mastocytoma, and used with or without further absorption to immunoprecipitate specific molecules from radiolabeled membrane extracts of CTL derived from either in vivo-allosensitized mice or from cytotoxic clones maintained in in vitro cultures. Cell surface sialic acid residues were labeled by oxidation with sodium periodate (NaIO4) and reduction with tritiated sodium borohydride ([3H]NaBH4). Alternatively, cell surface proteins were labeled with 125I by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination. Nonidet P-40 (NP-40)-solubilized radiolabeled membranes were then immunoprecipitated with RAT* serum and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Three membrane-associated molecules of 95,000, 140,000 and 180,000 Mr were found by such analysis. The sensitivity of these three molecules to trypsinization and their susceptibility to labeling with [3H]NaBH4 suggested that they are glycoproteins. Moreover, when RAT* serum or the IgG fraction was absorbed with various cell types, its ability to immunoprecipitate the three molecules correlated with its ability to block cytolysis. Adsorption of RAT* serum with CTL, but not with nonimmune thymocytes, significantly reduced the ability of RAT* serum to inhibit cytotoxicity and to immunoprecipitate the 95k, 140k, and 180k molecules. Thus, these findings suggest that one or more of these cell surface molecules of CTL may be involved in the cytolytic process. PMID- 6600973 TI - The cellular basis of adjuvant arthritis. I. Enhancement of cell-mediated passive transfer by concanavalin A and by immunosuppressive pretreatment of the recipient. AB - Two reliable systems for the cell-mediated passive transfer of adjuvant arthritis have been developed. Donor rats were sensitized with Mycobacterium butyricum in mineral oil. In the first system, intravenous injection of adjuvant-sensitized donor lymph node or spleen cells into adult-thymectomized, lethally irradiated, bone marrow cell-reconstituted syngeneic rats induced arthritis in the recipients. In the second system, adjuvant-sensitized donor lymph node or spleen cells were cultured in vitro with concanavalin A; these cells induced arthritis in normal recipients as well as in thymectomized, irradiated, bone marrow cell reconstituted recipients. The passively transferred disease in both systems resembled classical adjuvant-induced arthritis clinically, radiographically, and histologically. Neither irradiated, adjuvant-sensitized donor cells nor cells from donors not injected with complete adjuvant could passively transfer arthritis. PMID- 6600974 TI - Enhancement of the recognition by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) of target membrane antigens after fusion with whole cells. AB - Plasma membrane vesicles (R4-PM) prepared from mouse lymphoma cells (RDM4,H2k) were employed to investigate requirements for recognition of target cell membranes by allogeneic cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Using immunofluorescent staining and fluorescence microscopy, the R4-PM were tested for binding to CTL and were found to bind to these effector cells in a specific manner. However, this binding was very inefficient compared to the binding of whole RDM4 cells to CTL. The R4-PM were then attached to P388D1 cells (H-2d) in the presence of wheat germ agglutinin and polyethylene glycol (PEG), both under conditions which promote membrane fusion (40% PEG) and under conditions which do not (10% PEG). About 1 cell equivalent R4-PM becomes associated per P388D1 cell in both situations. In the cytotoxicity assays that were carried out, the P388D1 cells which had R4-PM attached under fusion conditions were lysed by CTL directed against H2k in a specific manner, while the P388D1 cells which had R4-PM attached under nonfusion conditions were not lysed above background levels by these CTL. These results suggest that recognition of target cells by allogeneic CTL such that lysis occurs requires more than presentation of the alloantigens as they are expressed in plasma membrane vesicles. However, fusion of these vesicles back into living cells apparently enhances the ability of the alloantigens to be recognized. PMID- 6600975 TI - Colony-stimulating factors and regulation of macrophage tumoricidal and microbicidal activities. AB - Conditioned medium from antigen- or mitogen-stimulated spleen cells, lymphokines, contained factors that induced formation of granulocyte and macrophage colonies in cultures of bone marrow cells (CSF). Lymphokines also contained factors that induced macrophage non-specific tumoricidal activity against fibrosarcoma 1023, antibody-dependent tumoricidal activity against lymphoma 18-8, and antimicrobial activities against amastigotes of the protozoan parasite, Leishmania tropica. The factors that regulated macrophage effector functions, however, were different from those that induced colony formation, and could be distinguished from CSF by Sephadex gel chromatography or heat sensitivity. To further analyze a role for CSF in induction of macrophage effector activities, conditioned medium from several nonlymphoid cell sources (L-929, WEHI-3, and endotoxin-treated lung cells) were assayed for CSF activities and capacity to induce tumoricidal and microbicidal activities. Conditioned medium that contained either macrophages CSF (CSF-1) or the factor that induced formation of both macrophage and granulocyte colonies failed to activate macrophages for effector activities against fibrosarcoma 1023, lymphoma 18-8, and L. tropica amastigotes (either resistance to infection or intracellular destruction). These data suggest that CSF has no direct role in activation of macrophages for tumoricidal and microbicidal activities against these targets. PMID- 6600976 TI - Reactivity of mitogen-induced autorosette-forming cells to interleukin 2 (T-cell growth factor). AB - The reactivity of mitogen-induced autologous rosette-forming cells (ARFC) to interleukin 2 (IL-2; T-cell growth factor) was studied in the present report. Both ARFC-enriched T cells and ARFC-depleted T cells, which were separated from concanavalin A (Con A)-activated T cells, were reactive to this factor. The IL-2 activity was absorbed by both ARFC-enriched and ARFC-depleted T cells, although ARFC-enriched T cells could absorb more IL-2 activity. Furthermore, ARFC were further inducible by IL-2 from non-ARFC. These results suggest the expression of the receptors for IL-2 on both ARFC and non-ARFC following mitogen stimulation. They further support the possibility that mitogen-induced ARFC, rather than being recruited only from such a minor T-cell subset as the spontaneous ARFC, are more likely the result of most T cells being responsive to mitogenic stimulation and expressing the receptors for autologous erythrocytes by the effects of IL-2 and mitogen. PMID- 6600977 TI - Effect of guinea pig thyroglobulin in incomplete Freund's adjuvant on experimental autoimmune thyroiditis induced by in vitro-activated lymph node cells. AB - Guinea pigs injected with guinea pig thyroglobulin (GPTG) in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) have been shown to be unresponsive to challenge with GPTG in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). However, effector cells which transfer experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) can be demonstrated in cultured lymph node cells (LNC) of unresponsive animals, indicating that GPTG in IFA does not suppress the initial sensitization of EAT effector cells. LNC from unresponsive animals were unable to suppress the in vitro activation of effector LNC or to suppress EAT when cotransferred with effector cells. When GPTG in IFA was given to animals which were used as recipients of effector cells, the production of EAT was markedly suppressed. These results suggest that GPTG in IFA can suppress EAT either by preventing effector cells from interacting with the thyroid or by interfering with the function of a cell in the normal recipient which may interact with effector cells to result in the lesions of EAT. PMID- 6600978 TI - Expression of anti-idiotypic clones against auto-anti-DNA antibodies in normal individuals. AB - A serum pool from 280 blood donors and individual samples from blood donors were assayed for anti-idiotypic activity to auto-anti-DNA antibodies by competitive radioimmunoassays. We found that serum from several normal blood donors inhibited the binding activity of anti-DNA antibodies affinity purified from the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. This inhibition was due to immunoglobulin molecules but was not due to rheumatoid factor activity. Antiallotypic antibodies were not responsible for the anti-anti-DNA activity detected. Because this inhibition was blocked by DNA molecules, the observed reactivity was probably caused by idiotype-anti-idiotype interactions. These results provide evidence that anti-idiotype antibodies against anti-DNA autoantibodies are present in certain normal human sera. Anti-anti-DNA antibodies could play a role in the regulation of autoimmunity to DNA. PMID- 6600979 TI - Modulation of glucocorticoid inhibitory action on human lymphocyte mitogenesis: dependence on mitogen concentration and T-cell maturity. AB - The inhibitory effect of glucocorticoids on the mitogenesis of human T cells derived from thymus and peripheral blood compartments have been investigated. The capacity of dexamethasone (Dex) (10(-7) M) of inhibiting the peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) mitogenesis was inversely correlated with the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) concentration used. Conversely, Dex completely (greater than 90%) inhibited the thymocyte mitogenesis, irrespective of PHA concentrations. T cells purified from PBL (M phi less than or equal to 1%) behaved as thymocytes regarding the Dex inhibitory pattern. The addition of macrophages (M phi) or interleukin 1 (IL1) was effective in removing the Dex inhibitory effect on T cells purified from PBL, but not on thymocytes. The higher corticosensitivity of thymocyte mitogenesis in comparison to PBL mitogenesis cannot be explained by differences in the relative number of M phi, but seems an intrinsic property of these less mature T cells. PMID- 6600980 TI - In vivo localization of cloned IL-2-dependent T cells. AB - The quantitative organ distribution and tissue microenvironment positioning of radioisotopically labeled cloned T cells were characterized. Intravenous (iv) injection of 51chromium (51Cr)-labeled, long-term cultured cloned T-helper cells and cells from several cloned cytolytic T-lymphocyte lines (CTLL) resulted in poor localization of these cells in recipient lymphoid tissues, similar to results reported for activated lymphoblastoid cells. Simultaneous administration of interleukin 2 (IL-2) with labeled cells resulted in enhanced recovery from recipient spleen. By the intraperitoneal (ip) injection route, overall percentage recovery of injected radioactivity was lower than by the iv route, but significant localization to lymph nodes occurred. Examination of autoradiographs of tissue sections from recipients of [3H]adenosine-labeled cells showed most label associated with intact, isolated cells in the liver, lungs, spleen, and small intestine. By 24 hr after iv injection, labeled cells in spleen sections were distributed to both nonlymphoid and T- and B-lymphoid areas. These findings suggest that poor localization of these cells to recipient lymphoid tissue is due both to intrinsic characteristics of cultured lymphocytes and to the possible reduced viability of IL-2-dependent cells in vivo. PMID- 6600981 TI - Unresponsiveness in hapten-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes. III. Influence of H-2 and non-H-2 gene loci on the in vitro trinitrophenyl-specific CTL response following either acute or chronic in vivo treatment with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. AB - The regulation of the in vitro generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) directed against hapten-modified syngeneic cells has been investigated. The results indicate that acute intravenous pretreatment with water-soluble hapten, trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), can either positively or negatively affect the in vitro generation of trinitrophenyl (TNP)-specific CTLs. In general, mice bearing the H-2d haplotype are most likely to develop a reduced in vitro response pattern following a single acute in vivo TNBS treatment, wheras mice bearing the H-2k or H-2b haplotypes display either unchanged or augmented in vitro response patterns. We have shown that, in addition to the influences of H-2 genes, non-H-2 genes can also influence the in vitro hapten-specific CTL response following intravenous pretreatment with water-soluble hapten. Further, in two (H-2k X H-2d) F1 combinations between an H-2k strain displaying an unchanged in vitro response pattern following acute in vivo TNBS treatment and an H-2d strain displaying a reduced in vitro response pattern following similar treatment, it was observed that a single in vivo TNBS pretreatment did not induce the unresponsive state when F1-TNP stimulator cells were used. These results suggest that the mechanisms responsible for the reduced in vitro response pattern are not dominant within the F1 environment. However, when TNP-modified parental stimulators are used, a split response pattern is observed in cells from TNBS-treated F1 mice which reflect the response patterns of the respective parents. These latter results again emphasize the influence of gene loci on the in vitro response patterns following acute TNBS treatment. In contrast to the significant influence of H-2 and non-H-2 genes on the in vitro TNP-specific response following acute in vivo TNBS treatment, these genes do not appear to significantly influence the in vitro TNP-specific response pattern following chronic TNBS treatment. Chronic TNBS treatment renders all strains tested specifically unresponsive. PMID- 6600982 TI - [Atypical form of ocular albinism with a disorder of color perception]. PMID- 6600983 TI - [Enzymes in tears and their significance for the anterior segment of the eye]. PMID- 6600984 TI - Clinical pharmacology of arabinofuranosyladenine in combination with deoxycoformycin. PMID- 6600986 TI - Value and limitations of computed tomography in assessing aortocoronary bypass graft patency. AB - To determine the value of nondynamic computed tomography (CT) in assessing aortocoronary bypass graft patency, we studied 67 patients with 125 grafts by CT and by coronary angiography at close time intervals. CT scans were performed before and after one to three (average 1.98 +/- 0.65) 50-ml i.v. bolus injections of contrast material. Eighty-four of 92 grafts patent at angiography were also visualized by CT (sensitivity 91.3%); 29 of 33 grafts closed at angiography were considered to be occluded by CT (specificity 87.9%). Eleven of 13 grafts demonstrating one or more severe obstructions at angiography were considered to be patent by CT. Interobserver disagreement existed in four of 125 grafts (3.2%) and intraobserver variability was 1.6%. Although nondynamic CT allows a correct assessment of graft patency in many cases, it does not provide sufficient information on graft stenosis and function to replace angiography in patients who are symptomatic after surgery. PMID- 6600985 TI - Purinogenic lymphocytotoxicity: clues to a wider chemotherapeutic potential for the adenosine deaminase inhibitors. PMID- 6600987 TI - Immunonephelometry of specific proteins in human seminal plasma. AB - Using immunonephelometry, we measured albumin, transferrin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, orosomucoid, hemopexin, IgG, IgA, and secretory IgA in seminal plasma of men who were attending a fertility clinic. Seminal plasma, obtained by centrifugation of semen, is a turbid liquid producing high blank values that were not diminished by ultracentrifugation, filtration, or treatment with protamine, dextran sulfate, or various lipidophilic gels. Pretreatment of seminal plasma with polyethylene glycol 6000 (final concentration, 40 g/L) considerably decreased the blank values without appreciably changing the relative concentration of the eight proteins studied. Our investigations illustrate the feasibility of this application of immunonephelometry. This approach can be a valuable diagnostic tool in the laboratory evaluation of the male partner in infertile unions. PMID- 6600988 TI - Asbestos exposure correlates with alterations in circulating T cell subsets. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes were analysed from 40 subjects with occupational asbestos exposure and 40 controls matched for age and smoking habits. Patients were classified by duration of exposure as short or long, and by chest radiograph as normal, pleural plaques or interstitial changes. As a group, subjects with asbestos exposure had decreased percentages of OKT3+ and OKT8+ cells and increased OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio compared to controls. Correcting for age and smoking, those with short exposure were similar to controls, while those with long exposure had decreased percentages OKT3+ and OKT8+ cells and an increased OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio. Among radiographic subgroups, those with normal radiographs were similar to controls, but those with plaques had increased circulating OKT4+ cells, and those with interstitial changes had decreased percentages OKT3+ and OKT8+ cells and OKT8+ cells/mm3, with an increased OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio. There were no differences between subjects and controls in OKT10+ cells and OKIa+ cells. There appears to be a progressive decrease in percentage OKT8+ cells and increase in OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio with increasing exposure to asbestos, as determined by length of exposure and by radiographic abnormalities. PMID- 6600989 TI - Treatment of a low grade T cell proliferation with monoclonal antibody. PMID- 6600991 TI - The origins of osteochondromas and enchondromas. A histopathologic study. AB - Histopathologic sections of large pieces of tissue obtained from both surgical and postmortem specimens of osteochondromas and enchondromas were analyzed to elucidate the pathogenesis of these two lesions. The osteochondroma is derived from aberrant cartilaginous epiphyseal growth plate tissue, which proliferates autonomously and separates from the normal growth plate near its edge. As growth progresses, the aberrant tissue remains in a subperiosteal location, where it may either disappear through remodeling or proliferate as an early osteochondroma perpendicular to the orientation of the growth plate from which it was derived. The enchondroma also is derived from the actively proliferating cartilaginous tissue of growth plates. For unknown reasons certain groups of chondrocytes do not proceed to undergo hypertrophy and death. As a result, a column of uncalcified cartilage extends from the underside of the growth plate into the region in which all other cartilaginous tissue has been remodeled into primary bone. The bridge to the plate may either remain intact or become interrupted by normal bone. An isolated group of chondrocytes may (1) be walled off from normal tissue by lamellar bone; (2) undergo calcification and secondary osseous remodeling, either in part or in total; or (3) proliferate as an intraosseous chondroma (benign enchondroma). A similar but not identical process of enchondroma formation may occur in fibrous dysplasia of bone, systemic growth plate dysplasias similar to achondroplasia, and osteogenesis imperfecta. PMID- 6600990 TI - Induction of immunological memory in the skin. Role of local T cell retention. AB - Using an experimental contact sensitivity model in guinea-pigs, evidence is presented that hapten (DNCB or oxazolone) specific T lymphocytes may persist for several months in previous sites of inflammation. Immunological memory, revealed by accelerated contact skin reactions upon retesting with the hapten, was limited to the original contact skin reaction sites. This 'local skin memory' to DNCB or oxazolone could be induced in both specific and non-specific skin inflammatory reactions, provided the animals had been sensitized to the hapten not longer than 2 weeks before. In animals which had been sensitized more than 1 month earlier, local skin memory could be induced if the animals received a booster application of hapten shortly (0-2 days) before primary skin testing. From these results we conclude that recently activated T cells may enter inflammatory sites non specifically, producing specific local immunological memory. This memory may last several months. Accumulation of hapten specific T cells at inflammatory sites may be important in retest reactivity, in flare-up reactivity and in chronic inflammation. PMID- 6600992 TI - "Whey" proteins of milk of the red (Macropus rufus) and eastern grey (Macropus giganteus) kangaroo. AB - 1. A comparison is made of gel electrophoretic patterns of the "whey" proteins of the milk of red (Macropus rufus) and eastern grey (Macropus giganteus) kangaroos at various stages of lactation. Qualitative and quantitative changes occur with time during the mature phase of lactation of both types. Their onset is related solely to the stage of lactation. "Whey" proteins are isolated and characterised and the nature of protein changes determined for the first time. 2. The anodic electrophoretic pattern is divided into 6 main zones (designated A F in order of decreasing mobility) and 2 cathodic zones (G and H) that are only detected in the milk of M. giganteus. 3. Zones A, B and C are milk specific. Zone B is present throughout lactation in both species and is an alpha-lactalbumin. Zones A and C are present only in late lactation, zone C, usually, but not always, appearing first. Zone A is an alpha-lactalbumin in M. giganteus, but is not an alpha lactalbumin in M. rufus. Zone C appears to be the same protein in both species and is possibly a beta-lactoglobulin. 4. Zone D is kangaroo serum albumin and zone E is possibly a beta 2-microglobulin. Zone F contains three main iron (III) binding bands whose relative intensity varies with stage of lactation. Their intensity differs from the corresponding blood serum transferrin bands. 5. Zone H of Macropus giganteus is a lysozyme. 6. Lactose is present in the milk, but is not the principal sugar. 7. The significance of the results is discussed. PMID- 6600993 TI - Malate dehydrogenase activity and isozyme patterns during amphibian metamorphosis. PMID- 6600994 TI - Evidence of enhanced immunoglobulin synthesis and defective immune regulation in Henoch-Schonlein purpura. PMID- 6600995 TI - Ventriculosubgaleal shunting for acute head trauma. AB - In 12 cases of closed head injury without fracture or hematoma, but with clinical signs of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and brain stem compression and with computed tomographic (CT) scan evidence of cerebral edema and contusion, subgaleal shunts were inserted for immediate decompression of the ventricular system and continuous drainage of hemorrhagic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Three patients with fixed dilated pupils and no reflexes or spontaneous respiration on admission did not improve and expired within 72 h. Nine patients who manifested Cushing's triad (bradycardia, bradypnea, and hypertension) shortly after admission made significant recovery and underwent catheter removal 1 wk later; 8 were able to be discharged home after extended periods of physiotherapy. No complications, postoperative hemorrhage or infection, were recorded. PMID- 6600996 TI - Natural killer and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity following thermal injury in humans. PMID- 6600997 TI - Significant reduction of infarct size with left atrial to femoral artery bypass. PMID- 6600998 TI - [Structural characteristics of the amphibian papilla of the internal ear in the common frog]. PMID- 6600999 TI - [Immunomorphological changes in mouse lymphoid tissue as affected by Aconitum soongaricum Stapf., levamisole and sodium nucleinate]. PMID- 6601001 TI - Epidermal growth factor modulates thyroid growth and function in culture. AB - The effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the growth and function of porcine thyroid follicle suspension cultures was examined. When incubated with EGF (0.01 10 ng/ml), the incorporation of [3H]thymidine was markedly stimulated, with the half-maximal effect occurring at about 0.5 ng/ml. Through 6-day experiments, [3H]thymidine incorporation increased almost linearly after an initial lag phase of 1 day. Autoradiographical analysis showed that more than 50% of the nuclei were labeled after 4 days of incubation with EGF (10 ng/ml) compared to control values of 3-7% labeled nuclei. EGF was essentially as effective in serum-free medium as in medium containing 1% fetal calf serum. EGF added at the same concentrations that stimulated incorporation of [3H]thymidine was found to reduce iodide metabolism of the follicles within 30 min of addition; both TSH-stimulated efflux and organification of [125I]iodide were suppressed by the addition of EGF. Since EGF is a physiologically occurring substance, the data suggest that EGF might be a modulator of thyroid growth and function in vivo. PMID- 6601000 TI - Glucocorticoid effects on mitogen-stimulated isolated murine B-lymphocytes. PMID- 6601002 TI - Potentiation of Cd-induced pulmonary injury in alpha 1-antitrypsin suppressed rats. AB - The interrelationship of alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) or serum trypsin inhibitor capacity (TIC) level and cadmium exposure in the induction of pulmonary lesions was investigated. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to CdCl2, galactosamine, or galactosamine + CdCl2 for 24 hr. Biochemical study indicated a 20% reduction of serum TIC in animals exposed to galactosamine. A marked, 50%, reduction of serum TIC was induced in animals exposed to galactosamine + CdCl2. Histopathological study revealed no major morphological lesions in lungs of animals exposed to either CdCl2 or galactosamine. However, extensive lesions, including polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) infiltration, distortion and distention of the alveolar spaces, and massive hemorrhages were observed in the lungs of animals exposed to galactosamine + CdCl2. It is believed that cadmium can induce rapid lesions in the pulmonary tissues when the alpha 1-AT is significantly suppressed. The present investigation has provided direct evidence on the importance and interrelationship of cadmium and alpha 1-AT in pulmonary lesion development. PMID- 6601003 TI - The effect of coronary artery bypass surgery on ventricular arrhythmias. AB - The effect of coronary artery bypass surgery (CAB) on ventricular arrhythmias (VA) was studied in a prospective investigation involving 32 patients (mean age 54 years) who underwent CAB because of severe stable angina pectoris. Prior to CAB as well as 12 months later each patient was subjected to the following investigational programme: resting ECG, exercise ECG, 24-h ECG, selective coronary arteriography, ventriculography and cardiac catheterization. Exercise ECG showed VA in only three patients. The prevalence of VA during 24-h ECG was 56 and 66% on the two occasions (NS), while complicated VA (multiform, repetitive, R on T) was seen in 18 and 28%, respectively (NS). The persistence (number of 6-h periods showing VA) was 33 and 47% with regard to any VA (P less than 0.05), while complicated VA occurred in 13 and 15% of the 6-h periods (NS). Except for an increase in dp/dtmax/P at the postoperative measurement (P less than 0.05), no significant change in the performance of the left ventricle was seen after CAB though the graft patency was 77%. It is concluded that in patients with 'medically intractable' stable angina pectoris, CAB does not effect the occurrence of VA to any great extent--probably because left ventricular function is unchanged one year after as compared with that prior to CAB. PMID- 6601004 TI - The role of accessory cells in polyclonal T cell activation. I. Both induction of interleukin 2 production and of interleukin 2 responsiveness by concanavalin A are accessory cell dependent. AB - Recent studies from other laboratories have shown that concanavalin A (Con A) acts at two separate steps in polyclonal T cell activation: interleukin 2 (IL2) production, and induction of responsiveness to IL2. Using a combination of techniques for the depletion of accessory cells from lymph node T cells, we have investigated which of these steps, if not both, is responsible for the known requirement for accessory cells in the Con A response. It was found that with increasing T cell purification, first the ability is lost to produce sufficient levels of endogenous IL2, whereas induction of IL2 responsiveness can still take place. Further removal of accessory cells however yields a population of resting T cells that cannot be induced by Con A to become IL2-reactive. It was concluded that both IL2 production and induction of reactivity to IL2 are accessory cell dependent events. PMID- 6601005 TI - Evidence for a new lymphocyte-stimulating determinant (Lsd) detected by alloreactive T cell lines. AB - Three alloreactive T cell clones are described which reveal a new lymphocyte stimulating determinant (Lsd) controlled by a gene on chromosome 1 of the mouse but different from and possibly centromeric to Mls. Two clones were originally isolated as anti-H-2b-specific and showed and retained cross-reactivity to Lsd (clone OD3, BALB/c anti-C57BL/6; clone KB37, B10.BR anti-C57BL/10). The third clone (BD7, C57BL/6 anti-CBA/J) was probably originally directed against Lsd. So far, Lsd is only characterized by stimulation of T cell proliferation, and its physiological function is not yet known. PMID- 6601006 TI - Immature thymocytes isolated using a sialic acid-specific lectin are unresponsive to concanavalin A. AB - Mouse thymocytes, which are approximately 90% immature cortical cells, are low in surface sialic acid when compared with more mature cortisone-resistant, presumably medullary, thymocytes and peripheral T lymphocytes. Thus, medullary thymocytes bind and are agglutinated by the N-acetylneuraminic acid-specific lectin, lobster agglutinin 1 (LAgl), whereas cortical thymocytes are not agglutinated by this lectin. It is demonstrated herein that mouse cortical thymocytes, purified using LAgl, do not respond to the mitogenic effects of concanavalin A (Con A). The lack of response to this lectin is not due to depletion of macrophages, since addition of macrophages does not restore the response. Populations of LAgl-negative thymocytes can be made to respond weakly to Con A by the addition of interleukin 2, but this response appears to be due to the presence of a few contaminating LAg1-binding thymocytes since it is abolished by treatment of the cells with rabbit anti-LAgl serum plus complement. Therefore highly purified cortical thymocytes not only cannot respond to Con A, but also they cannot be induced to respond by the addition of the T cell growth factor, interleukin 2. Thymocytes isolated by a single criterion, that is by virtue of their low amount of surface sialic acid, appear to be a truly immature population of thymocytes. PMID- 6601007 TI - A spleen-thymus interaction is involved in the tolerization of thymocytes to xenogeneic erythrocytes. AB - Previous work has shown that thymocytes of rats receiving two i.v. injections, 4 days apart, of large numbers of xenogeneic erythrocytes become tolerant of the injected cells whereas peripheral T cells in the same recipients make a vigorous response to the injected antigen. Results are herein presented of experiments on the effect of splenectomy on the induction of thymocyte tolerance produced in this way. Splenectomy performed either immediately before the first injection of erythrocytes, or between the two injections, completely prevented tolerance induction and tolerance was still incomplete when splenectomy was performed as late as a few hours after the second injection of tolerogen. Sham splenectomy had no effect on the erythrocyte-induced thymocyte tolerance. The results demonstrate an essential role for the spleen in the tolerization of thymocytes in this system. Possible mechanisms and the implications for self tolerance are discussed. PMID- 6601008 TI - Electron microscopy of the complement protein C1q from the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. AB - The complement protein C1q, isolated from bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) serum, was found by electron microscopy to resemble human C1q; peripheral globular units, probably six in number, are connected by thin strands to a hollow stem-like central structure. The dimensions of frog and human C1q were also found to be very similar. These results are consistent with earlier observations that frog and human C1q are similar, although not identical, in overall size, subunit structure, amino acid composition, and functional properties. Evidently this protein, which binds to antigen-antibody complexes and to C1r and C1s, thereby forming a physical link between the immune and complement systems, has been highly conserved in evolution. PMID- 6601009 TI - Thymic reticulum in mice. II. Culture and characterization of nonepithelial phagocytic cells of the thymic reticulum: their role in the syngeneic stimulation of thymic medullary lymphocytes. AB - In the present report the characteristics of nonepithelial phagocytic cells of the murine thymic reticulum are described. Primary cultures were established from thymic fragments. Nonadherent cells with hairy membranes proliferated on the surface of established primary monolayers. These cells were recovered and replated in secondary cultures were they appeared as large adherent cells with dendritic shape. At the electron microscopic level, phagocytic cells of the thymic reticulum in culture (P-TR-C) appear as clear vacuolated cells with an indented nucleus and few lysosomes; this morphological aspect makes them different from the common macrophage, despite their phagocytic capacity. P-TR-C are positive for nonspecific esterase, acid phosphatase which is found in the few lysosomes present, 5'-nucleotidase and alpha-D-mannosidase, but negative for peroxidase. A high proportion of alpha-mannosidase-positive cells is inconsistent with the common macrophage, but in common with other cells with dendritic shape such as Langerhans cells. They are Thy-1-, Ig- and nearly half of them are IA+. P TR-C can be defined as the stimulator cells for syngeneic stimulation; they are able to induce the proliferation of lymphocytes enriched in mature syngeneic medullary thymocytes, but not in immature cortical ones. Characteristics of P-TR C make them very similar to the interdigitating cells described in the peripheral lymphoid organs and in the thymus in situ. PMID- 6601010 TI - A monoclonal anti-HLA antibody recognizes a mouse tumor-associated antigen. AB - The monoclonal antibody W6/32.1 recognizes a public determinant on the HLA-A, B and C antigens of all tested human haplotypes. Though the antibody does not bind to normal mouse cells of any H-2 haplotype, it does show an unexpected specificity for the T cell leukemia line MBL-2 from a C57BL/6 mouse. It is shown that the murine antigen recognized by W6/32.1 is on an H-2-like molecule which also carries the determinant recognized by the monoclonal antibody B22-249 R1, specific for the H-2Db antigen. Unlike B22-249 R1, however, W6/32.1 does not bind to normal H-2b lymphocytes, nor to a variety of tumor cell lines of the H-2b haplotype. This cross-reaction is specific to W6/32.1, and is not shared by other monoclonal antibodies of similar anti-HLA specificities. Moreover, the affinity of W6/32.1 for its human antigen is substantially higher than for its mouse antigen. We conclude that W6/32.1 fortuitously recognizes a novel determinant on the H-2Db antigen of MBL-2, rather than an extensive region of structural homology shared between HLA and H-2. Thus for cells of the H-2b allotype this determinant is detected only on MBL-2, and by definition is thus an example of a tumor-associated antigen. PMID- 6601011 TI - Autonomously proliferating K/D-restricted cytolytic T cell clones. PMID- 6601012 TI - Alteration of immunologic function through early ontogenetic experiences. Selective inactivation of T15-positive B cells in neonatal mice is related to receptor avidity and is independent of thymus function. AB - The immunologic effects initiated by injecting neonatal mice with phosphorylcholine (PC)-protein conjugates were analyzed. Pretreated nude or thymus-bearing mice produced greater proportions of low-avidity, TEPC 15-negative antibody than control animals when challenged as adults with thymus-dependent (TD) or -independent (TI) PC-conjugated antigen. Furthermore, pretreatment had a greater inhibitory effect on responses elicited by TD compared with TI antigen. These results demonstrate that exposure of neonatal mice to PC-protein conjugates results in the selective inactivation of higher avidity, T15-positive, PC reactive B cells; this process is independent of thymic function and the duration of hyporesponsiveness is linked to the relative T dependency of the challenge antigen. PMID- 6601013 TI - Splenic B cells function as immunogenic antigen-presenting cells for the induction of effector T cells. AB - Previous studies performed in our laboratory have revealed that an ordered, sequential, tricellular interaction is obligatory for the antigen-driven induction of a specific effector memory T cell. Thus, it was found that antigen pulsed peritoneal macrophages signal, in spleen cells, the generation of antigen specific initiator lymphocytes. These lymphocytes, following injection to syngeneic recipients, recruit, in the draining lymph nodes, "virgin" antigen reactive T lymphocytes. Although the nature of the first and last cell in the interacting sequence was well characterized, the identity of the intermediary initiator splenic cell was obscure. Studies were carried out to characterize the nature of the splenic initiator cells. It was found that spleen cells from nu/nu, adult thymectomized and neonatal thymectomized, or spleen cells from normal donors which had been subjected to cytolysis using anti-Thy-1.2 antibodies in the presence of complement, did generate, following interaction with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-fed macrophages, specific initiator cells. Carrageenan impairment of spleen macrophages did not affect the generation of initiator cells, nor did the depletion of dendritic cells from the spleen. On the other hand highly enriched B cell, but not highly enriched T cell populations, when seeded on KLH-pulsed macrophages, generated antigen-specific initiators, which, in vivo, recruited antigen-reactive T cells. It thus appeared that B lymphocytes can function as intermediary obligatory antigen-presenting cells and actively transfer immunogenic signals from peritoneal antigen-presenting cells to T lymphocytes. These findings may therefore suggest that antigen-specific B cells do not function solely as antibody-producing cells, but, once activated by macrophages, may control the induction and differentiation of some antigen reactive T cell subsets. Thus, one can view the B cell as an important regulatory cell of both cellular and humoral immune functions. The significance of this observation with regard to Ir gene control at the level of B lymphocytes is discussed. PMID- 6601014 TI - Intra-H-2 and T cell requirements for the induction of maximal positive and negative allogeneic effects in vitro. PMID- 6601015 TI - B lymphocyte activation: entry into cell cycle is accompanied by decreased expression of IgD but not IgM. AB - To gain insight into the function of cell surface IgM (sIgM) and IgD (sIgD), the expression of these markers on B lymphocytes was quantitated during activation and progression through the cell cycle. Specifically, analysis and correlation of changes in cell cycle state, sIgM and sIgD expression and cell size following exposure of murine B cells to mitogenic levels of lipopolysaccharide and dextran sulfate is reported. As assessed by flow cytometric acridine orange analysis, a large proportion of normal splenic B cells respond within 48 h of exposure to these mitogens by entry into the cell cycle. This response is accompanied by an increase in cell size as determined by flow cytometric "time of flight" measurement. Flow cytometric immunofluorescence analysis reveals a simultaneous alteration in sIg expression. Specifically, cells leaving G0 and transiting G1 increase in diameter from 5 microns to 6 microns and lose greater than 80% of sIgD while sIgM remains constant. Progression through the remainder of the cell cycle is accompanied by a further increase in mean cell diameter to approximately 12 microns while sIgM and sIgD levels remain at G1 levels. The abrupt loss of sIgD as cells transit G1 suggests that an active process mediates this decrease. PMID- 6601016 TI - Modulation of B and T cell subsets in mice treated with fractionated total lymphoid irradiation. III. Spleen and thymus dependency of B cell maturation processes. PMID- 6601017 TI - H-2D products do not affect lysis of Kk target cells by Kk-specific cytotoxic T cells. AB - Antigens coded by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) stimulate a large number of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) precursors. Matzinger and Bevan have suggested that the high alloreactivity is a result of the formation of interaction antigens between MHC and non-MHC-coded antigens. Previous work by Langhorne and Fischer Lindahl did not support this hypothesis. In this report we describe are improved culture system to show that the recognition of Kk target cells by Kk-specific clones is also unaffected by H-2D products. Using such a culture system, which controls for the induction of nonspecific CTL by interleukin 2 (T cell growth factor) we were also able to confirm the original conclusion of Langhorne and Fischer Lindahl that polymorphic minor histocompatibility antigens do not significantly contribute to putative "interaction antigens" formed by MHC and other antigens. PMID- 6601018 TI - The electrical coupling of epithelium and fibers in the frog lens. AB - Electrical coupling has been measured between central epithelial cells and fiber cells in the frog lens following the removal of the lens capsule with collagenase. Current passed from a microelectrode inserted in a lens fiber cell was found to induce a potential difference in epithelial cells which was indistinguishable from that measured in nearby fiber cells. The measurements were made under circumstances where the current and voltage microelectrodes could be shown to be in different cells and an intraepithelial location of the voltage measuring microelectrode could be verified. The electrical coupling appears to be direct from superficial fiber cells to epithelial cells, rather than indirect through equatorial epithelial cells. The epithelial cells and surface fiber cells each had resting potentials of -61.8 +/- 2.1 mV in this collagenase-treated preparation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of mechanically decapsulated frog lenses showed specialized junction-like plaques on the expanded anterior ends of fiber cells which made contact with epithelial cells. Such specialized plaques were not found on the expanded posterior ends of these fibers where they contracted the posterior capsule. The studies provide direct evidence for cell-to cell communication between frog lens epithelial cells and fibers. PMID- 6601019 TI - Neutral lipids of frog and rat rod outer segments. AB - Neutral lipids of rod outer segments (ROS) from frog and rat comprise roughly 10 mol% of the total lipids and consist of free sterol, free fatty acids, and 1,2 diglycerides, but contain no detectable sterol esters or triglycerides. Expressed as nmol per mg ROS protein, the levels of both free fatty acids and free sterol are higher in the rat than in the frog, whereas the diglycerides in frogs are about four times higher than in rats. The level of 22:6 omega 3 in the free fatty acids fraction of the frog is twice that of the rat, although the level of 22:6 omega 3 in both the frog and rat free fatty acids is lower than in any of the glycerolipids. The diglyceride fraction from both animals consists almost entirely of two molecular species: in the frog, the C-38 and C-40 type predominate in a molar distribution of 52 and 42% respectively, whereas in the rat, the C-36 and C-38 types are most abundant in a molar distribution of 28 and 60%, respectively. Comparison of the diglyceride fatty acid and molecular species compositions with those of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidic acid led to the suggestion that ROS diglycerides are derived from phosphatidylinositol. PMID- 6601020 TI - On the reactivity of corneal collagen and subcomponent C1q of the complement system with human platelets and IgG-coated latex particles. AB - Collagen was isolated from bovine cornea and tested for reactivity towards platelets and IgG-coated polystyrene latex particles. The corneal collagen caused a dose- and temperature-dependent platelet aggregation in all human platelet-rich plasmas studied. As little as 0 . 31 micrograms of purified corneal collagen could trigger platelet activation. Human C1q, a subcomponent of the first complement component (C1), which shares extensive chemical-structural similarities with collagen, was able to inhibit the platelet aggregation provoked by corneal collagen. This blocking effect could be, however, overcome by increasing collagen doses. In a slide method or in aggregometry both corneal collagen and C1q agglutinated IgG-coated latex particles in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of such latex particles to platelet-rich plasmas or preincubation of the particles with collagen reduced or prevented the platelet action of collagen, suggesting that due to their reactivity with collagen immune complexes may play an inhibitory role in collagen-caused platelet aggregation. The results are discussed in relation to pathological events that lead to collagenolysis and also with respect to wound healing in the injured cornea. PMID- 6601021 TI - A direct measurement of intracellular free calcium within the lens. PMID- 6601022 TI - The effect of hydrocortisone on the production and differentiation of granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells in long-term bone marrow cultures. AB - In long-term murine (BDF1) marrow cultures with a 'sufficient' lot of horse serum, hydrocortisone (HC) treatment (10(-6) M) had no apparent effect on the production of granulocyte/macrophage precursor cells (CFUc) in suspension. There was, however, a remarkable increase in granulopoiesis with a corresponding decrease in monocyte-macrophage production; the mean ratio of total granulocyte to monocyte-macrophage was approximately 6.0 during HC treatment, while it was approximately 1.0 in control cultures. Although there was no biodetectable colony stimulating activity in the cultures, colony-enhancing activity was demonstrated without differences in the activity and specificity on colony formation between cultures with and without HC supplement. Moreover cells harvested from the cultures with HC gave rise to a significantly higher incidence of granulocyte colonies and so did the freshly isolated bone marrow cells in the presence of HC in agar culture system. This effect of HC on CFUc differentiation was not affected by indomethacin treatment. PMID- 6601023 TI - The effect of hydrocortisone on human granulopoiesis in vitro with cytochemical analysis of colonies. AB - In order to clarify the regulation of granulopoiesis by hydrocortisone in humans, we investigated the effect of glucocorticoids on the formation of granulocyte and/ or macrophage colonies. By means of the dual esterase staining techniques applied to whole mount preparations of agar culture dishes, we examined the granulocyte-macrophage colony type. It was revealed that hydrocortisone stimulated the formation of neutrophil-containing colonies and inhibited macrophage colony formation. There was a significant increase in neutrophil colonies when the cells were preincubated with hydrocortisone for only 24 h. Delayed addition of hydrocortisone to the cultures was less effective in increasing the proportion of neutrophil colonies than addition at the beginning of culture. Moreover, addition of hydrocortisone to T-lymphocyte- and phagocyte depleted bone marrow cells also increased the number of neutrophil colonies and decreased macrophage colonies in the presence of CSF. These results suggest that hydrocortisone may affect granulocyte-macrophage precursors (CFUGM) in an early period of their differentiation. PMID- 6601024 TI - Characterization of stimulatory activity for human pluripotent stem cells (CFUGEMM). AB - A medium conditioned by leukocytes in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA LCM) promotes the growth of human multilineage hemopoietic progenitors CFUGEMM which form mixed hemopoietic colonies in culture containing granulocytes, erythroblasts, megakaryocytes, macrophages and mononuclear cells with T-cell antigens. In addition PHA-LCM supports the growth of erythroid bursts (BFUE) and granulocytic colonies (CFUC). Stimulatory activities of PHA-LCM were characterized by gel filtration using Sephacryl S 300. The eluted growth promoting activities were rechromatographed on Sepharose 4 B covalently linked with Lentil Lectin. The stimulatory activities for noncommitted precursors CFUGEMM, and committed progenitors BFUE, and CFUC were detected in the unretained material i.e. the activities revealed no affinity to Lentil-Lectin. The apparent molecular weight of these stimulatory molecules ranged from 35,000-45,000, as determined by SDS gel electrophoresis (PAGE). PMID- 6601025 TI - Aberrant interaction of B-cell lymphocytic leukemia cells with antibody coated polyacrylamide beads. AB - Anti-immunoglobulin coated polyacrylamide beads have been used to assess surface membrane immunoglobulin in normal and lymphoproliferative states. The polyvalent anti-immunoglobulin bead reacts with normal B cells and cells from patients with hairy cell leukemia and lymphosarcoma cell leukemia but not with cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. This may relate to the relative surface immunoglobulin density of these cells. Monospecific beads and mixtures of monospecific beads do react with chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells presumably because of the higher concentration of the appropriate antibody on the bead. These findings suggest cautious interpretation of the results of B lymphocyte evaluation with anti-immunoglobulin coated polyacrylamide beads. PMID- 6601026 TI - Specificity of the suppressive action of glucocorticoids on the proliferation of monocyte/macrophages in the CSF-stimulated cultures of mouse bone marrow. AB - Addition of cortisol and its analogs to soft-agar culture of bone marrow cells markedly decreased the number of monocyte colonies in the presence of colony stimulating factor. Steroids of other categories and cortisol metabolites were much less inhibitory than cortisol, and the shape of dose-response curve apparently differed between cortisol and other steroids. The action of cortisol was not influenced by excess progesterone or testosterone. Addition of cortisol succinate in liquid cultures of CSF-stimulated cells caused a gradual decrease of cellular uptake of [3H]thymidine. The steroid also suppressed CSF-independent [3H]thymidine uptake, but the time course of suppression obviously differed from that of CSF-dependent uptake. On day 7 of incubation, the steroid-treated cultures contained a smaller number of cells but higher activities of lysosomal enzymes than the control cultures. These results show that the glucocorticoids inhibit proliferation of the cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage. PMID- 6601027 TI - In vitro growth promotion of T-lymphocyte colonies from normal human bone marrow with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). AB - An in vitro culture system for the growth of T-lymphocyte colonies from normal human bone marrow has been described. This culture system features the use of 12 O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) at moderately high concentrations (10(-7) 10(-6) M) and daily feeding with growth medium containing leukocyte-conditioned medium primed with phytohemagglutinin. T-lymphocyte colonies in this system can reach a size of over 10,000 cells/colony, suggesting that cells assayed in this system are early progenitors of T-lymphocytes with extensive proliferative capacity. TPA, at a higher concentration (10(-5) M), is inhibitory to the growth of T-lymphocytes, but this level is 5 orders of magnitude higher than the minimum TPA concentration (10(-10) M) inhibitory to myeloid colony forming cells. This demonstrates marked difference in the sensitivity of T-lymphocyte colony forming cells and myeloid colony forming cells to TPA. It appears that this assay system should be useful for the study of the early progenitors of human bone marrow T lymphocytes. PMID- 6601028 TI - PHA-induced human T cell colony formation: enhancing effect of large granular lymphocytes. AB - The capacity of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated human T cells to develop into colonies in agar has been evaluated in the presence or absence of a variety of peripheral blood mononuclear cell subsets. A subpopulation of non-T, non-B cells with receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (i.e. third population cells or TPC) was found to enhance considerably the T cell colony forming capacity. Since TPC have been previously shown to be highly enriched for large granular lymphocytes (LGL, i.e. cells with cytoplasmic azurophilic granules and acid hydrolases), LGL were purified on Percoll density gradients and tested for their T cell colony enhancing capacity. It was shown that LGL were indeed the cells capable of enhancing the T cell colony formation. PMID- 6601029 TI - The effects of retinal target location on suppression of the vestibulo-ocular reflex. AB - Experiments on human subjects exposed to angular oscillation whilst viewing a head-fixed display have indicated that the degree of suppression of the vestibulo ocular reflex is dependent upon the peripheral location of the visual target. Suppression is greatest when fixating a central target and decreases in a graded manner for targets placed more peripherally. During central fixation a low velocity nystagmus is still evident and there is no indication of any complete cancellation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex. PMID- 6601030 TI - Vestibuloocular reflex, optokinetic response, and their interactions in the alert cat. AB - Ocular movements of alert cats were recorded by classical electronystagmography techniques during (a) vestibular stimulation (sinusoidal rotation of the cat in complete darkness), (b) optokinetic stimulation (sinusoidal rotation of the visual surroundings around the stationary cat), (c) additive visual-vestibular stimulation (sinusoidal rotation of the cat inside the stationary lighted surroundings), and (d) conflicting visual-vestibular stimulation (sinusoidal rotation of the cat together with the visual surroundings in phase and at the same speed). The stimulus amplitudes and frequencies ranged from 3 to 20 degrees and from 0.025 to 1 Hz, respectively. When tested in darkness, the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) gain was about 0.9 at 1 Hz. At lower frequencies, this gain was a bit lower and a phase lead was observed. The VOR system was nearly linear. The optokinetic response (OKR) gain was about 1 at lower frequencies but strongly decreased at higher frequencies. A phase lag paralleled that decrease in gain. Furthermore, the smaller the amplitude of the visual stimulus, the better the effectiveness of OKR stabilization. When working in the light, the VOR was in phase with the stimulus and its gain was nearly 1, whatever the frequency and the amplitude. The VOR inhibition was more effective at lower frequencies. In these conditions the system was markedly amplitude-dependent for both gain and phase. PMID- 6601032 TI - Distribution of progesterone-binding cytochrome P450 and steroid-17 alpha hydroxylase/C-17,20-lyase within different compartments of the rat testis. AB - Progesterone-binding capacity of cytochrome P450 and rate of progesterone consumption by cytochrome P450-dependent hydroxylases are highest in the Leydig cell fraction but are also detectable in the non-Leydig cell fraction of interstitial cells as well as in seminiferous tubules from rat testis. The Leydig cell compartment, however, contributes only to a minor extent to the total progesterone binding and hydroxylation within the whole testis. PMID- 6601031 TI - Effects of ethanol on postural adjustments in humans. AB - Surface EMGs and a platform capable of horizontal, vertical, and rotational displacements were used to examine the effects of ethanol on human balance control on three levels within the nervous system's postural control hierarchy: the automatic long-latency muscle responses of proprioceptive origin (100 ms latency), the more centrally originating visual and vestibular responses of longer latencies (150 ms or greater), and the higher adaptive levels of command, responsible for attenuating or facilitating responses under changing task conditions. Two types of long-latency response which were previously considered to involve similar neuronal circuitry, the anteroposterior sway response and the lateral sway response, were affected to significantly different extents by ethanol intoxication. The significantly greater increase in latency of the lateral sway response suggests that its supporting pathway is more complex than that mediating the anteroposterior sway response. Though intoxicating amounts of ethanol significantly prolonged the latency and reduced the amplitude of long latency muscle responses, sway was not increased sufficiently to produce a fall under normal conditions. However, under conditions where proprioceptive and visual cues were absent, five of the six subjects were destabilized sufficiently to fall on their first trial. Underlying this decreased stability were significantly delayed vestibular compensatory responses. However, with repeated trials subjects were able to adapt normally to altered conditions, suggesting that the higher adaptive levels of command were not significantly affected by ethanol intoxication. PMID- 6601033 TI - Effector and regulatory functions of cells in the immune response to parasites. Summary. PMID- 6601034 TI - Immune rejection of ectoparasites (ticks) by T cell and IgG1 antibody recruitment of basophils and eosinophils. PMID- 6601035 TI - Embryonic and larval hemoglobins during the early development of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. AB - The main hemoglobin (Hb) found in Shumway (embryonic) stage 25 bullfrogs is that which we have designated Td-4. The other major tadpole Hbs (Td-1, 2, and 3) predominate during Taylor and Kollros (larval) stages I-XVIII. We propose that Td 4 is an embryonic Hb, whereas Td-1, 2, and 3 are larval (fetal-like) Hbs. Embryonic Hb Td-4 continues to be synthesized during the larval stages. During the larval period, the average peripheral blood Hb profile changes very little with morphological stage or general growth. However, there is great heterogeneity in the embryonic:larval Hb ratio among individual tadpoles of a given stage or weight, apparently due to differential Hb and red cell production by the two active erythropoietic sites, mesonephric kidneys (Td-4), and liver (Td-1, 2, 3). PMID- 6601036 TI - CT of gastric masses: image patterns and a note on potential pitfalls. AB - Computed tomography (CT) was performed in 9 consecutive cases of primary gastric neoplasm. Lesions were surgically or endoscopically proved; cross-sectional images are correlated to specific histopathology in each case. The CT images of leiomyoma and leiomyoblastoma are characterized as models of pure bulging intramural growth resulting in a lunate contrast distribution when imaged in the cross-sectional plane. In 5 cases of lymphoma, distortion of the contrast-filled hollow viscus is relatively consistent. Nodular growth is reflected on the CT image as a series of digitations encroaching on the opacified portion of the gastric lumen. Image pattern recognition, relative to histopathology, is of more than academic interest since endoscopy is frequently unreliable in cases of submucosal and exophytic pathology. Further, biopsy of such lesions is commonly nondiagnostic as a result of random choice of biopsy site or inadequate depth of tissue sample. Additionally, this report includes images of lesions that simulate the primary gastric pathology and may be a source of erroneous interpretation. These include: pseudocyst of the pancreas (2 cases) and enlargement of the left lobe of the liver with encroachment on the gastric lumen (1 case). Image specificity on CT examination is increasingly essential to diagnosis and surgical planning. PMID- 6601037 TI - [Use of interference microscopy for determining lymphocyte dry mass]. PMID- 6601038 TI - Day-to-day mental and physical health symptoms of older people: a report on health logs. PMID- 6601039 TI - [Single aortocoronary bypass]. PMID- 6601040 TI - HLA antigens and atopy in children with coeliac disease. AB - HLA antigens and various aspects of atopy were studied in 42 Finnish children and adolescents with coeliac disease, and the results were compared with findings of recent population studies. The HLA associations were as expected: relative risks for coeliac disease in individuals with HLA-B8, DR3, and DR7 were 8 . 0, 18 . 6, and 15 . 0, respectively. Children with coeliac disease were significantly more often atopic than unselected schoolchildren. Atopy was significantly more frequent and the onset of coeliac disease later for B8/DR3- patients than B8/DR3+ patients. There was no obvious relation between DR7 and atopy. It is concluded that atopy predisposes to coeliac disease partly independently of the HLA-DR3 associated disease susceptibility gene(s), and that different mechanisms may operate in the pathogenesis in coeliac disease patients with and without atopy. PMID- 6601041 TI - BT-PABA test with plasma PABA measurements: evaluation of sensitivity and specificity. AB - Urinary recovery and plasma time curve of PABA were determined in 15 control subjects and 65 patients during a six hour period after ingestion of a meal containing 1 g BT-PABA (2.333 mmol PABA). In controls, the plasma PABA time curve registered a peak at two hours followed by a rapid decrease to reach its lowest value at six hours. In patients with chronic pancreatitis (n=32), the peak was lower and was followed by a slow decrease; furthermore, it was delayed in those with severe pancreatic insufficiency. The best discrimination between controls and patients with chronic pancreatitis was obtained by using the maximal value of plasma PABA (MPPABA) at two or three hours. In 56 subjects a hyperbolic relationship between MPPABA and duodenal lipase output stimulated by a meal was mathematically demonstrated and it was calculated that the lower limit of normal MPPABA (mean -2 SD) corresponded to a lipase output equal to 20.6% of the mean value of normal subjects (lower limit of normal lipase output = 40%). By comparison, steatorrhoea occurred when lipase output was less than 10%. Consequently, MPPABA was low not only in all patients with steatorrhoea but also in some who had pancreatic deficiency but normal daily faecal fat. With lipase output as the reference, 12 subjects who had normal MPPABA were proved to have falsely abnormal urinary results. Urinary PABA excretion after oral administration of 2.333 mmol free PABA was also determined in 27 subjects. The PABA excretion index (PEI) was calculated: PEI = PABA urinary excretion after BT PABA/PABA urinary excretion after free PABA. Seven patients with normal MPPABA but low urinary excretion after BT-PABA had a normal PABA excretion index. It was also observed that, in five patients with intestinal disease, free PABA absorption was not impaired. In conclusion, BTPABA test with MPPABA determination used as an index of exocrine function is (1) less sensitive than Lundh's test, but more sensitive than steatorrhoea; (2) more specific than the test with urinary recovery determination alone, and as specific as PABA excretion index, which requires a double test. PMID- 6601042 TI - Histiocytosis-X in gynecology. AB - (1) Histiocytosis-X can manifest itself in virtually every organ, but in gynecology it is an absolute curiosity. (2) Differential diagnosis must exclude specific and nonspecific ulcerations and granulations such as syphilis, tuberculosis, Boeck's disease, and also neoplastic processes like lymphomas, sarcomas, carcinomas, and malignant diseases of the hemopoietic system. (3) The diagnosis by light microscopy alone, as in our case, may be insufficient; therefore, electron microscopy should be used. As soon as the diagnosis is confirmed histologically, an extensive examination of all organs is necessary in order to establish an exact prognosis and an optimal plan of therapy. (4) Because of the unknown etiology of histiocytosis-X, a causal treatment is not yet possible. In spite of this, with a symptomatic, individualized therapy by means of excision, low-dose irradiation and cytotoxic agents a 5-year survival of 90% was obtained for the patients. (5) Because of its rarity and multidisciplinary character, histiocytosis-X is a challenge to interdisciplinary and interregional cooperation. Though not being a malignoma in the strict sense, diagnosis, therapy, and in part prognosis are not essentially different from a malignant disease. PMID- 6601043 TI - [Simultaneous estimation of dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline in coronary venous blood, aortic blood and right atrial tissue during cardiac bypass surgery]. PMID- 6601044 TI - [The effect of antirheumatic agents on phagocytosis and the activity and release of lysosomal enzymes (review)]. PMID- 6601045 TI - [The effect of stimulating currents on the motility of the large intestine]. PMID- 6601046 TI - Experience with haemoccult screening in Hungary. A multicenter trial. AB - Faecal occult blood screening studies employing the Haemoccult test were undertaken at six Hungarian gastroenterological centres. 3,791 subjects over the age of 45 years were screened. 97 positives were found and examined in detail. 24 colorectal tumors were discovered. In 13% of the positive cases the source of the bleeding could not be detected. While less sensitive than the standard guaiac reaction, the Haemoccult test is highly suitable for the detection of occult bleeding originating in the lower gastrointestinal tract. As it is easy to carry out and cheap, the Haemoccult test seems to represent the best currently available method for mass screening for colorectal tumors. PMID- 6601047 TI - Mechanisms of immune red cell destruction, and red cell compatibility testing. AB - The immune destruction of red cells can occur as a complement-mediated intravascular process, or extravascularly, where the red cells are destroyed by macrophages following interaction with cell-bound IgG1, IgG3, and/or C3b. Many of the factors that affect this in vivo destruction are not taken into account during in vitro pretransfusion compatibility testing. At present, even by use of more elaborate tests, it is difficult to accurately predict the fate of a transfused unit of blood. By using some simple information, such as antibody specificity and thermal range, it is sometimes possible to predict the outcome of transfusing a unit of blood that is incompatible in vitro. At other times it may be necessary to utilize 51Cr-labeled red cells to determine the risk of transfusing such units. Because of the paucity of reported clinical correlations, macrophage/monocyte monolayer assays are of little practical value at present. PMID- 6601048 TI - Immunologic and ultrastructural characterization of the small cell population in malignant thymoma. AB - A case of malignant thymoma is presented. The electron microscopic (EM) findings of the lymphocyte-epithelial relationships were similar to these previously described. Utilizing specific monoclonal antibodies to differentiate thymocytes from T-lymphocytes, the small cell population with ultrastructural features of lymphoid cells consisted of true thymocytes rather than peripheral T-lymphocytes. The latter finding may prove to be of importance in differentiating thymomas from reactive or most neoplastic lymphocytic processes involving the thymus gland. PMID- 6601049 TI - A new allele of alpha 1-antitrypsin: PI NADELAIDE. AB - The allele PI NADELAIDE (PI NADE) was named in accord with nomenclature guidelines and specifies a new co-dominant variant of alpha 1AT. Discovery was achieved by IEF and the isoelectric point of NADE is between N and NHAM. Familial inheritance of PI NADE was demonstrated and both PI M2NADE and PI M3NADE phenotypes were observed. The mobility of PI NADE is identical to PI M by both starch and agarose electrophoresis. PI NADE apparently confers normal alpha 1AT serum concentrations and is probably unrelated to disease. PMID- 6601050 TI - FACS analysis of changes in T and B lymphocyte populations in the blood, spleen and lymph nodes of pregnant mice. AB - Using the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS), the percentages of T and B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, spleen and lymph nodes of CBA syngeneic and allogeneic pregnancies were determined. At 19 days of syngeneic pregnancy, the level of T cells in the blood had decreased and that of B cells had increased. In the spleen, a decrease in both T and B cells occurred earlier in pregnancy and had returned to control levels by 19 days. During the last few days of pregnancy, the para-aortic lymph nodes (PALN) draining the pregnant uterus of syngeneically mated mice showed a 1 . 7-fold increase in the level of B cells over that in virgin controls. The T-cell level dropped at the end of pregnancy by approximately 10%. There was no change in T- or B-cell status in the brachial (underarm) nodes taken from the same animals. PMID- 6601051 TI - Small albumin-immunoglobulin complexes in patients with liver disease. AB - Circulating immune complexes (CIC) with a molecular weight (M.W.) of 1.4-1.6 x 10(6) were observed in patients with liver disease. CIC containing abnormal albumin were found in patients with chronic active hepatitis. The abnormal albumin from CIC displayed an apparent M.W. of 105-110,000 on Sephadex G-100 and Sepharose 6B column chromatograph before reduction, and only 50,000 on reduced sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). It is postulated that abnormal albumin contained within CIC may be a dimeric-S-S-linked small albumin (sAlb-S-)2. Immunoglobulins in the CIC containing (sAlb-S-)2 were identified as IgM and IgG. Based on the constituents of CIC and their M.W., the assumed molecular formula of CIC is (IgM)1 (sAlb-S-)2 (IgG)3. Cause and effect of these CIC in liver disease, especially a possible role of altered host components in the initiation of autoimmune reactions, are discussed. PMID- 6601052 TI - Unusual restriction of a proliferative line reacting with influenza A and B viruses. AB - A human T-cell line, B3, has been obtained by cloning spleen cells at limiting dilutions in the presence of influenza-A-virus-infected autologous cells. B3 cells were OKT 3+4+8-, E rosetting+, Sig- and were HLA-DR (+) after stimulation and HLA-DR (-) when resting. They proliferate specifically in the presence of influenza-virus-infected cells. Remarkable is that (a) the proliferation was obtained with viruses of both A and B types and (b) only autologous cells seem to be able to present the viral antigen to B3 cells. PMID- 6601053 TI - Recognition of Db and Kb gene products by influenza-specific cytotoxic T cells. AB - A series of 16 H-2b-restricted, A influenza virus-specific cytotoxic T-cell clones are described and characterized. One is Kb restricted, the others Db restricted. The factors governing Kb or Db restriction patterns seen in the mixed populations from which clones are derived are investigated. The Kb-restricted clone does not recognize Kb mutant bml and influenza and all 15 Db-restricted clones do not recognize Db mutant bml4 and A influenza virus; these results are discussed in the light of findings in a variety of other viral systems. Representative Kb- and Db-restricted clones were used to assess the functional properties of cloned cosmids containing either Kb or Db genes expressed in transformed L-cells (k haplotype). The expression products of both cosmids functioned efficiently as mutually exclusive restriction elements for A influenza virus recognition. PMID- 6601054 TI - Monoclonal antibody reveals H-2-linked quantitative and qualitative variation in the expression of a Qa-2 region determinant. AB - We have produced a monoclonal antibody, Y-7, that reacts with a Qa-2 region controlled determinant. Cellular and strain distribution analyses, coupled with quantitative variation in the amount of Y-7 antigen expressed among strains, provide overwhelming evidence that Y-7 reacts with the Qa-2a determinant. The determinant detected by Y-7 is differentially expressed in T and B lymphocytes in a strain specific manner. Y-7 reacts with the majority of T lymphocytes (greater than 95%) and approximately one-half of B lymphocytes in certain strains (+ + strains), and with the majority of T lymphocytes (greater than 95%) and no B lymphocytes in other strains (+ strains). T lymphocytes in + strains express approximately three fold less of the Y-7 determinant than T lymphocytes from + + strains. In addition, we show that the Y-7 determinant is expressed in approximately one-third to one-half of Lyb-3-, 5- B lymphocytes. Possible mechanisms determining quantitative and qualitative variation in the expression of the Y-7 determinant in T and B lymphocytes are discussed. PMID- 6601056 TI - The B cell alloantigen Ly-17.1 is controlled by a gene closely linked to Ly-20 and Ly-9 on chromosome 1. PMID- 6601055 TI - Two distinct phenotypes of HLA-DR-specific cytotoxic T-cell lines. PMID- 6601057 TI - Expression of T-lymphoblast-encoded HLA-DR antigens on human T-B lymphoblast hybrids. AB - The mode of expression of novel HLA-DR antigens on hybrids of human T and B lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) was examined by several approaches. In each case, the results indicated that the novel antigens are T-LCL-encoded. First, hybrids of sublines of the T-LCL CEM with three different B-LCL express indistinguishable sets of novel HLA-DR antigens. Second, the novel HLA-DR and MT specificities of WI-L2 x HSB (a hybrid of a subline of the T-LCL HSB and the B-LCL WI-L2) match those of SB, a B-LCL derived from the same individual as HSB. Finally, an immunoselected variant of SB x CEM.1 (a hybrid of a subline of CEM and SB) lacking one copy of chromosome 6 and one of the hybrid's novel HLA-DR specificities also lacks a class I antigen known to be encoded by CEM. PMID- 6601058 TI - Mutations in H-2Kb influence the specificity of alloreactive effector cells included in the repertoire of H-2Db-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes against Moloney leukemia virus. AB - Moloney leukemia virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), generated by secondary in vitro stimulation of spleen cells with syngeneic virus-infected cells, frequently lysed not only syngeneic virus-infected cells, but also noninfected allogeneic target cells. This phenomenon was studied with B6(H-2b) responder cells and a series of H-2Kb-mutant responder cells. Thus, B6 Moloney specific CTL lysed noninfected Kb-mutant cells, but not B6 cells, whereas Kb mutant Moloney-specific CTL lysed noninfected B6 cells and not noninfected cells of the same mutant. Cold-target-inhibition studies showed that the CTL reactions against different allogeneic cells were mediated by different subpopulations of virus-specific CTL: lysis of allogeneic target cells was fully inhibited only by the same allogeneic and by syngeneic virus-infected cells, but not by another allogeneic cell, also lysed by the same effector-cell population. Lysis of syngeneic virus-infected cells could not be inhibited by allogeneic target cells. These data imply that a minority of virus-specific CTL shows cross-reactivity with a given allogeneic target cell. It is concluded that limited amino acid substitutions in the Kb molecule alter the repertoire of Moloney virus-specific CTL, as reflected in alloreactive CTL populations, even though the virus-specific CTL response of B6 and all Kb mutants is mainly Db-restricted. Thus, the development of tolerance to self class-I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules affects the repertoire of self-restricted cytotoxic T cells. PMID- 6601059 TI - The genes for nonsusceptibility to EAE in the Le-R and BH rat strains are not linked to RT1. PMID- 6601060 TI - Efficacy of human hyperimmune globulin in prevention of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in infant rats. AB - To determine the protective efficacy of human hyperimmune globulin to Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in an infant rat model, we compared hyperimmune globulin containing 600 mug of anti-polyribophosphate (PRP) antibody per ml to conventional immune globulin containing 66 mug of anti-PRP antibody per ml. The hyperimmune globulin was fractionated from the pooled plasma of 55 adult donors immunized with PRP, the capsular polysaccharide of H. influenzae type b. The disappearance of passively administered antibody was biphasic, with a linear first-order disappearance curve during the first 7 days. The initial half-life for anti-PRP antibody was 2.38 days in rats nasally colonized but not detectably bacteremic with H. influenzae type b and significantly longer (half-life, 10.3 days; P < 0.01) in noncolonized animals. Hyperimmune globulin afforded 10 times the protection of conventional globulin against bacteremia and meningitis. Globulin depleted of anti-PRP antibody offered no protection. The initial serum antibody levels and the levels during the 8-day observation period predicted protection. Rats maintaining serum antibody levels greater or equal to 50 ng/ml to day 8 had a 10% bacteremia and 5% meningitis incidence in contrast with 95% bacteremia (P < 0.001) and 55% meningitis (P < 0.001) in rats with less than 50 ng of anti-PRP antibody per ml. We conclude that studies of the pharmacology and efficacy of hyperimmune globulin are warranted in high-risk children unable to respond to active immunization. PMID- 6601062 TI - Susceptibility of congenitally athymic (nude) mice to sporotrichosis. AB - Congenitally athymic (nu/nu) mice were found to be more susceptible to intravenous challenge with Sporothrix schenckii than their phenotypically normal (nu/+) littermates as measured by lethality and the number of viable yeast cells in the liver 7 days postinfection. Thymus reconstitution of nu/nu mice (nu/thy) conferred a significant degree of resistance to sporotrichosis. Immunization greatly enhanced the resistance of nu/thy and nu/+ mice, but unexpectedly increased the susceptibility of nu/nu mice. The susceptibility of nonimmunized nu/nu mice and the finding that thymus transplants augmented resistance to sporotrichosis suggest that T lymphocytes are critical to host defense. PMID- 6601061 TI - Further studies on the immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae type b and pneumococcal type 6A polysaccharide-protein conjugates. AB - Conjugates were prepared by carbodiimide-mediated coupling of adipic acid hydrazide derivatives of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), Escherichia coli K100, and pneumococcal 6A (Pn6A) polysaccharides with tetanus toxoid (TT), as an example of a "useful" carrier, and horseshoe crab hemocyanin (HCH), as an example of a "nonsense" carrier. These conjugates were injected into NIH mice, and their serum antibody responses to the polysaccharides and proteins were characterized. As originally reported, Hib conjugates increased the immunogenicity of the capsular polysaccharide and elicited greater than the estimated protective levels of anti-Hib antibodies in most recipients after one injection and in all after the third injection (Schneerson et al., J. Exp. Med. 152:361-376, 1980). Both Hib conjugates induced similar anti-Hib responses. The K100-HCH conjugate was more immunogenic than the K100-TT conjugate and elicited anti-Hib responses similar to the Hib conjugates after the third injection. Simultaneous injection of the K100 and the Hib conjugates did not enhance the anti-Hib response. The Pn6A-TT conjugate induced low levels of anti-Hib antibodies; when injected simultaneously with the Hib conjugates, the anti-Hib response was enhanced, as all mice responded after the first injection and with higher levels of anti-Hib than observed with the Hib conjugates alone (P < 0.05). The Pn6A conjugates were not as immunogenic as the Hib conjugates. Pn6A-TT was more effective than was Pn6A HCH; it elicited anti-Pn6A (>100 ng of antibody nitrogen per ml) in 6 of 10 mice after the third injection. The addition of the Hib-HCH conjugate to the Pn6A-TT conjugate increased the anti-Pn6A response with a higher geometric mean antibody titer, and 9 of 10 mice responded after the third injection. A preparation of diphtheria toxoid, TT, and pertussis vaccine increased the anti-Hib antibody levels after the first injection only in mice receiving Hib-TT, but not in mice receiving Hib-HCH, suggesting that additional carrier protein (TT) enhanced the anti-polysaccharide response. Simultaneous injection of Hib and Pn6A conjugates with the same or different carriers resulted in an enhanced serum antibody response to each polysaccharide. The anti-tetanus toxin response reached protective levels (>0.01 U/ml) in most mice after the first injection and in all mice after the second and third injections of TT conjugates. A progressive increase in the anti-HCH response with each additional injection was noted in animals receiving HCH conjugates. Animals receiving the diphtheria toxoid-TT pertussis vaccine preparation responded with a greater increase in anti-carrier antibody than those receiving the conjugates alone. This method of synthesis provided conjugates capable of inducing protective levels of antibodies to both the polysaccharides and carrier proteins. PMID- 6601063 TI - The current state of cephalosporin antibiotics: microbiological aspects. AB - An increasing number of new cephalosporins continue to become available in the clinic so that the clinician requires something akin to Ariadne's thread to work through the labyrinth of confusing names and product claims. The parenteral cephalosporins may be grouped on the basis of structure, antimicrobial activity and metabolic stability as follows: 1. cephacetrile, cephalothin, cefapirin; 2. cefotaxime; 3. cephaloridine, cefazedone, cefazolin, cefotiam; 4. cefamandole, cefoperazone, cefsulodin, cefuroxime, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone, lamoxactam. Groups 2 and 4 contain the most interesting compounds in terms of their biological activity and therapeutic significance. Even carbenicillin-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are inhibited by one of the recent broad-spectrum cephalosporins. In the clinic, minor differences between the highly active cephalosporins are not likely to be of therapeutic significance. PMID- 6601064 TI - [Drug knowledge. Piroxicam (Feldene)]. PMID- 6601065 TI - Infection and transformation of fresh human umbilical cord blood cells by multiple sources of human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus (HTLV). AB - Human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus (HTLV) was first isolated from sporadic patients with adult T-cell malignancies in the United States and subsequently from T-lymphocytes established in culture from additional T-cell leukemia lymphoma patients living in different geographical areas of the world. Co cultivation of normal umbilical cord blood with lethally irradiated, HTLV positive lymphocytes established in culture from many of these patients resulted in the productive infection of the cord blood T-lymphocytes which grew in suspension culture in the absence of exogenous TCGF. These transformed cord blood cells have morphological and cytochemical properties similar to HTLV-positive fresh and cultured tumor T-cells and are distinguishable from virus donor cells by HLA haplotype and chromosomal markers. These cells express HTLV proteins, release type-C virus particles and contain surface receptors for TCGF. These results demonstrate that HTLV isolated from T-cell leukemic donors from different parts of the world can productively infect and transform fresh human cord blood T lymphocytes, and that the transformed cells share many similarities with fresh or cultured leukemic cells. PMID- 6601066 TI - Systemic adoptive immunotherapy of a highly immunogenic murine lymphoma growing in the brain. AB - Systemic adoptive immunotherapy with specifically immune lymphocytes was successfully performed in immunodepressed mice challenged intracerebrally with L5178Y/DTIC lymphoma cells, a tumor subline rendered highly immunogenic through in vivo exposure to 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazenyl)-IH-imidazole-4-carboxamide (DTIC). The systemic immunotherapy relied on the infusion of the in vitro generated primary cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL), the anti-tumor activity of which was evaluated by measuring tumor-cell proliferation in the brain in terms of radiolabel uptake and by recording survival times of recipient leukemic mice. The protection afforded by CTL appeared to be specific and was largely conditioned by dose and time of CTL administration. The levels of protection correlated well with the in vitro killing of L5178Y/DTIC tumor cells. PMID- 6601067 TI - The synthesis of 5-hydroxytryptamine from tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan in the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta. PMID- 6601068 TI - Effects of the single or repeated inhalation exposure of Syrian hamsters to aerosols of 239PuO2. AB - Male Syrian hamsters were scheduled to be exposed by inhalation approximately every 60 days for 1 year (7 exposures) to aerosols of 239PuO2 beginning at 84 days of age. Other hamsters were exposed once when 84 or 320 days of age. Plutonium-239 deposited in the lungs by the repeated inhalation exposures was cleared from the lungs at a rate similar to that following a single inhalation exposure. The incidence of radiation pneumonitis, bronchiolar epithelial hyperplasia, and alveolar squamous metaplasia were the only lesions that were related to radiation dose. Only two primary lung tumours were found among the hamsters exposed to 239PuO2. No primary lung tumours were found in the control hamsters. It was concluded that the incidence of lung tumours was not increased by the protraction of the alpha radiation dose to the lungs from repeated inhalation exposure. PMID- 6601069 TI - Abnormal radiosensitizing and cytotoxic properties of ortho-substituted nitroimidazoles. AB - Various 5-substituted 4-nitroimidazoles have been shown to be much more efficient radiosensitizers and much more toxic than would have been predicted from their electron affinities, as measured by values of one-electron reduction potential, E17. Using Chinese hamster V79 cells in vitro, a comparison has been made with some isomeric 4-substituted 5-nitroimidazoles. These compounds have E17 values some 64mV greater than the 4-nitroimidazoles, yet show much lower sensitizing efficiency and also lower toxicity. Neither series of compounds shows the greater toxicity towards hypoxic cells usually associated with nitroaromatic and nitroheterocyclic compounds. The second-order rate constants, k2, for reaction of these isomeric nitroimidazoles with glutathione and dithiothreitol were determined. Within each series the value of k2 increased with increasing electron affinity, however, the 4-nitroimidazoles were always more reactive than their corresponding 5-nitro isomers. The sensitizing and toxic properties of these compounds may involve depletion of intracellular thiols; this possibility is discussed. PMID- 6601070 TI - The effects of lead and X-rays, alone or in combination, on blastocyst formation and cell kinetics of preimplantation mouse embryos in vitro. AB - Two-cell embryos in late G2-phase (cytofluorometrically determined) at 32 hours post-conception were treated in vitro with PbC12 (0 . 1 or 1 . 0 micrograms per ml). An additional group was X-irradiated 1 hour later (0 . 94 Gy) with or without lead treatment. Lead alone impaired formation and hatching of blastocysts. The combined treatment increased this deleterious effect on preimplantation development but synergism was not observed. Cell proliferation was disturbed by lead alone but to a higher degree by lead plus X-rays. A pronounced reduction of cell number per embryo was found during the period after reaching the morula stage although the labelling index increased. Apparently cell death occurred. Unlabelled S-phase cell nuclei (comparison between autoradiographic results and cytofluorometric DNA-determinations on the same isolated cell nuclei) and cell nuclei with a hyperploid (0 . 1 microgram PbC12 + 0 . 94 Gy) or hypoploid (1 . 0 microgram PcC12 + 0 . 94 Gy) DNA-content may have contributed to this cell loss. Labelling of cell nuclei which according to their DNA-content were not in S-phase was only observed when 0 . 1 microgram PbC12 alone or in combination with X-rays was used. This effect may be due to unscheduled DNA-repair synthesis or to the induction of chromosome aberrations (acentric fragments or non-disjunction). PMID- 6601071 TI - The role of cellular catalase on the radiosensitization of bacterial vegetative cells by N2O. AB - The effect of N2O on eight strains of bacteria was measured in dilute suspensions. The dose-modifying factors (DMF) of N2O on M. radiodurans R1, P. radiora 0-1, M. lysodeikticus and B. pumilus E601 (vegetative cells) were 3 . 4, 2 . 9, 2 . 4 and 1 . 7, respectively. But P. radiora RP-C, P. fluorescens B3-1, E. coli B/r and E. coli K-12 were hardly sensitized by N2O. From measurements of catalase activity of each bacterium, it was found that the DMF increases with increased catalase activity, suggesting that cellular catalase promotes the sensitizing action of N2O. PMID- 6601072 TI - X-ray induced reciprocal translocations and dicentrics in human G0 lymphocytes. AB - We have reinvestigated the question whether the assumed ratio 1:1 between the frequencies of symmetrical (translocations) and asymmetrical (dicentric) aberrations can be observed in human G0-lymphocytes. We have evaluated G-banded chromosomes in cells irradiated with doses of 1 and 2 Gy of 150 kV X-rays. The experimentally determined ratio of 1 . 04:1 is in agreement with the theoretically predicted value. PMID- 6601073 TI - Some considerations of the transmutation effect due to radioactive isotopes incorporated in cells and on the irradiation effect. PMID- 6601074 TI - Effects of heavy ions on rabbit tissues: analysis of low levels of DNA damage in retinal photoreceptor cells. AB - When suitable precautions are taken, sedimentation of DNA through reoriented alkaline sucrose gradients in zonal rotors can be used to determine small amounts of DNA damage in mammalian cells without resorting to radioactive precursors. Hence, the method is especially useful for studying the efficacies of DNA repair mechanisms in the neurons of the central nervous system (CNS) and the accumulation of DNA damage in the ageing CNS. Here we describe the technique as it has been used to examine the DNA damage occurring in the photoreceptor cells of the retina of the New Zealand white rabbit during the course of natural ageing or after exposure to heavy ions. This article is an integral part of a series of reports of the latter studies (Lett et al. 1980, Keng and Lett 1981, Cox et al. 1981, 1982, Keng et al. 1982). With the same analytical technique, very low levels of radioactive DNA precursors can be used to advantage in investigations of proliferating cells. PMID- 6601076 TI - Influence of a prior heat treatment on the enhancement by hyperthermia of X-ray induced inactivation of cultured mammalian cells. AB - The effect of prior heat treatment on thermal enhancement of radiation effects in treatments of cultured M8013S cells, derived from a transplantable murine mammary carcinoma, combining X-irradiation and 30 min at 43 degrees C up to 45 min at 45 degrees C in medium without serum have been studied. Prior heat treatment induces resistance to combined heat-irradiation treatments. A treatment of 30 min at 43 degrees C without prior heat treatment led to a thermal enhancement ratio of 2.2. With a prior 30 min at 43 degrees C treatment 6 hours before the combined heat irradiation treatment, this ratio was decreased to 1.6. The relative resistance to combined treatments is very probably the result of the thermotolerant state of the cells induced by the prior heat treatment. The effects seem to be predominantly on the shoulder of the radiation survival curve. The resistance decays when the prior heat treatment is given longer than 24 hours before the combined heat-irradiation treatment. However, in the thermotolerant state large thermal enhancement ratios can be observed, this in spite of the resistance. A treatment of 45 min at 45 degrees C, 6 hours after a prior 30 min 43 degrees C treatment, led to an enhancement ratio of 6.0 both in medium with and without serum. Without prior heat treatment, the relative survival after 45 min at 45 degrees C is too low to enable determination of thermal enhancement of radiation effects. The sensitivity of the cells to a single heat treatment appeared to be dependent on nutritional conditions. Cells treated in medium without serum were more sensitive to heat. The sensitivity of preheated thermotolerant cells to a relatively short (up to 3 hours at 43 degrees C) heat treatment appeared to be rather independent of nutritional conditions, but the sensitivity of these cells to prolonged heat treatment (longer than 4 hours at 43 degrees C) was very dependent on the nutritional state. The presence of serum (and possibly other components in complete culture medium) made thermotolerant cells much more resistant to these long heat treatments. The present results may be important for clinical application of hyperthermia in combination with radiotherapy. They may provide guidelines concerning the intervals to be applied in fractionated treatments. PMID- 6601075 TI - 226Ra induced bone-cancers: the effects of a delayed Na-alginate treatment. AB - At the present time no unequivocal evidence exists which shows that a reduction in the body-burden of a radionuclide by decorporative treatment results in a proportional decrease in the risk of long-term radiation effects. We have investigated the effectiveness of the daily administration of Na-alginate via the diet in removing 226Ra from the skeleton and in reducing the number of late effects such as osteosarcomas. The animals used were male C57Bl mice which had been injected with one of three different amounts of 226Ra (4.4, 10.7 or 24.8 kBq) four days prior to the onset of the decorporative treatment. The results showed that although this treatment was able to produce a substantial reduction in the 226Ra content of the mice it did not reduce the incidence of osteosarcoma. These results question the effectiveness of decorporation procedures initiated at longer times after contamination. PMID- 6601077 TI - Influence of pH and thermotolerance on the enhancement of X-ray induced inactivation of cultured mammalian cells by hyperthermia. AB - The influence of pH and thermotolerance on thermal enhancement of radiation effects have been studied with M8013 cells, derived from a transplantable murine mammary carcinoma. The effect of combined heat-irradiation treatment of cells at different pH of the medium clearly shows an influence of the pH. Thermal enhancement of the effectiveness of radiation is relatively strong below pH 7.0 and above pH 7.75. In the physiological range pH 6.7-7.4 the influence of pH is not very large. This implies that combination of hyperthermia and radiotherapy in cancer treatment would not give much therapeutic advantage from low pH which is often observed in solid tumours as this low pH is rarely below pH 6.7. Sensitization of cells to the effects of heat treatment alone at a low pH of the cellular medium is greatly decreased when thermotolerance is induced in the cells by a prior heat treatment 4-6 hours before the final treatment. When the cells are in the thermotolerant state, induced by a prior heat treatment, not only resistance to heat treatment, but also resistance to combined heat-irradiation treatment is observed. The degree of this latter resistance is independent of the pH of the cellular medium during the combined heat-irradiation treatment. In spite of the resistance, strong thermal enhancement of radiation effects can be observed when cells are treated in the thermotolerant state by a strong heat treatment. Without thermotolerance such a strong heat treatment, whether combined with irradiation or not, caused so much effect that it was impossible to determine relative cellular survival. The enhancement of radiation effects by a strong heat treatment with cells in the thermotolerant state is largely independent of the pH of the cellular medium. PMID- 6601078 TI - Radiation-induced reduction reactions with bovine serum albumin. AB - The reduction of bovine serum albumin (BSA) by hydrated electrons, formate and ethanol radicals leads to the formation of S-S-radicals. The reaction of the hydrated electrons becomes faster, if BSA was preirradiated in the presence of formate or ethanol, but the rate does not change if radiolysis is done in the presence of t-butanol or without scavenger. The reduction of BSA by formate radicals is 10 times slower but gives a higher yield of S-S-radicals than by hydrated electrons. The rate and yield of the reduction by the formate radicals are increased by preirradiation of BSA. The reduction by ethanol radicals is five times slower than by formate radicals and gives lower yields of S-S-radicals which are increased by preirradiation. All rates and yields of the reduction reactions are decreased by changing the pH from 6.3 to 7.3. PMID- 6601079 TI - Survival responses of cell subpopulations isolated from a heterogeneous human colon tumour after combinations of hyperthermia and X-irradiation. AB - In summary, this research has investigated the effects of combined modality treatment (i.e., low linear energy transfer ionizing radiation and hyperthermia at 42.5 degrees C) on the survival responses of two tumour subpopulations (designated clones A and D) obtained from a heterogeneous human colon adenocarcinoma. A constant hyperthermic exposure (2 hours at 42.5 degrees C) was given either 3 min before or 3 min after graded exposure to X-rays. An isobologram analysis (Steel and Peckham 1979) of the clonogenic survival responses of the two tumour subpopulations showed that the clone A responses were within the envelope of additivity for either sequence of application. In contrast, the responses of the clone D tumour subpopulation exhibited a supra additive response to the combined treatments with the sequence of heat followed by X-irradiation being somewhat more effective than the sequence of X-irradiation followed by heat. These data indicate that the responses of tumour subpopulations obtained from heterogeneous solid tumours to combined modality treatments may vary in an, at present, unpredictable manner. PMID- 6601080 TI - Potentially lethal damage repair (PLDR) in X-irradiated cultures of a normal human diploid fibroblast cell strain. PMID- 6601081 TI - Does hyperthermia produce increased lysosomal enzyme activity? PMID- 6601082 TI - A rapid-mix study on the effect of lipophilicity of nitroimidazoles on the radiosensitization of mammalian cells in vitro. AB - A liquid flow rapid-mixing apparatus has been used to study the role of lipophilicity (octanol: water partition coefficient, P) in the sensitization of hypoxic V79 cells by nitroimidazoles. Sensitization by seven neutral 2 nitroimidazoles of similar reduction potential but widely differing partition (0.11-77) and one basic 2-nitroimidazole (pKa=8.9; p=8.5 (of free base)) was studied as a function of pre-irradiation contact time ca. 3-40 ms. With increasing P, sensitization occurs at increasingly shorter pre-irradiation contact times. The results suggest that even though factors other than passive diffusion control the sensitization observed with the base Ro 03-8799 it is able to diffuse to the target site faster than midonidazole. PMID- 6601083 TI - An unexpected response of G2/S chromosomes after prior irradiation in G0 and BUdR treatment. PMID- 6601084 TI - Effects of gamma radiation on potato epilachnid, Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata (F), (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). Part 1. Radiosensitivity of different developmental stages. PMID- 6601085 TI - Frog rod outer segment shedding in vitro: histologic and electrophysiologic observations. AB - Rod outer segment shedding in the frog, Rana pipiens, has been studied using an in vitro eyecup method. Control experiments have shown that shedding responses in vitro are comparable to those in vivo and, like the situation in vivo, shedding in isolated eyecups requires a dark period followed by light onset. We found an initial, rapid and light-evoked component of the shedding response to be critically dependent upon bicarbonate concentration, supporting the initial discovery of a bicarbonate requirement for Xenopus rod shedding by Besharse et al. In Rana, in vitro shedding occurs in the presence of 20 mM aspartate, suggesting that functional integrity of the inner retina is not a prerequisite for rod shedding. Additionally, shedding was found to be suppressed completely in the presence of the local anesthetic MS-222 and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor IBMX. In the case of IBMX, electrophysiologic recording indicated changes in photoreceptor sensitivity in the presence of the drug. Such changes may play a role in the observed inhibition of shedding. PMID- 6601086 TI - Experimental hematogenous endophthalmitis due to Cryptococcus neoformans. AB - New Zealand white female rabbits injected with 6 X 10(7) to 5.5 X 10(8) CFU of Cryptococcus neoformans into the right carotid artery developed three types of clinically detectable eye lesions. These eye manifestations included: (1) iritis that had distinctive 1-3 mm white nodules; (2) white vitreous lesions with ill defined borders, and (3) focal and diffusely infiltrative lesions of the optic nerve radiations. Most of the eye lesions appeared between 1 to 3 weeks after intracarotid injection and resolved almost completely by 10 weeks. Their clinical appearance resembled some of the eye lesions described from human cases. Predominantly a mononuclear leukocyte response with scattered cryptococcal organisms were seen in the iris and optic nerve lesions. Serial quantitative cultures from eye tissues, brain, and kidney indicated that the clearance of viable cryptococci was slowest from the eye tissues. Among the three diagnostic techniques (India Ink mount, culture, and cryptococcal polysaccharide antigen (CPA) determination), the CPA determination was the most sensitive test to detect C. neoformans in the aqueous and vitreous humors of clinically involved eyes. This rabbit model may be useful for further studies on hematogenous cryptococcal endophthalmitis. PMID- 6601087 TI - Tight junctions in the lens epithelia of human and frog: freeze-fracture and protein tracer studies. AB - For the first time, the existence of zonulae occludentes in the lens epithelia of human and frog has been demonstrated, using a "double mounting" method in freeze fracture transmission electron microscope (TEM). The physiologic barrier function of zonulae occludentes in frog lens epithelium is determined by a "wash out" procedure in the protein tracer studies. It was found that within various time intervals of washing, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was consistently restricted to the location of membrane fusions (zonulae occludentes), as seen with thin-section TEM. This corresponds to the location of zonulae occludentes found in the freeze fracture studies. Thus, these data strongly suggest that there are zonulae occludentes in the frog lens epithelium and that these structures do provide a barrier function for the transepithelial diffusion of HRP with a molecular weight of 40,000 daltons. PMID- 6601088 TI - The photopic electroretinogram in congenital stationary night blindness with myopia. AB - Previous studies have reported that subjects affected with congenital stationary night blindness and myopia demonstrated some photopic (cone) abnormalities in their electroretinogram (ERG). By comparing the photopic ERG elicited with a threshold and a suprathreshold stimulus it was found that, at threshold, no significant differences were noted both in the peak time and in the amplitude of ERGs evoked from CSNB and normal subjects. However, a more powerful stimulus (16 times the threshold) yields a significant difference in the ERGs recorded from the two groups. ERGs recorded from CSNB patients are decreased in amplitude with a b-wave peak time that remains normal. First derivative analysis of the ERG wave along with a selective recording of the oscillatory components of the ERG suggest that the only visible anomaly in the suprathreshold photopic ERG of CSNB patients is an absence of the two oscillations normally seen on the ascending portion of the b-wave. Data obtained on normal subjects are also reported that try to explain the functional significance of these two oscillatory potentials. PMID- 6601089 TI - X-linked incomplete achromatopsia with more than one class of functional cones. AB - Five affected males in the fifth generation of a large pedigree of X-chromosomal incomplete achromatopsia were tested. All had SWS cone function. A 19-year-old affected man was a classical blue cone monochromat on color matching and spectral sensitivity. A 16-year-old boy showed evidence of a long wavelength sensitive cone active in 8 degrees color matches. With a blue-green background, his cone spectral sensitivity function peaked near 550-560 nm. Three younger boys, aged 7 10 yrs were evaluated only with color matching. All showed evidence of long wavelength cone function with an 8 degree field and one showed long wavelength cones in 2 degree matches. An independent observation concerning the family was the finding that deuteranomaly was introduced in the third generation. The fourth generation women, all obligate carriers of X-linked achromatopsia, had a 0.5 chance to carry deuteranomaly. Neither carrier state per se is usually associated with expression of deuteranomaly. Three of the five tested expressed deuteranomaly. This finding of deuteranomaly in the carrier females might be a consequence of a double carrier state indicating association between the genes for deuteranomaly and X-linked achromatopsia. PMID- 6601090 TI - Endoscopic sclerotherapy of esophageal varices. PMID- 6601091 TI - Bleeding angiodysplasia of the cecum. Recurrence after colonoscopic electrocoagulation. PMID- 6601092 TI - Cell-mediated immunity to nervous system antigens in diabetic patients with neuropathy. AB - We investigated the presence of cell-mediated immunity to neural antigen in diabetes mellitus. The lymphocytes were tested for sensitization to purified antigens of the central and peripheral nervous systems by measuring specific transformation in vitro. The antigens used were a CNS basic encephalitogenic protein and P2, a peripheral nerve basic protein. Of the 40 insulin-requiring diabetes patients, 24 showed clinical manifestations of diabetic neuropathy, and the 16 patients without neuropathy served as a control group. Of the 24 neuropathic patients, 15 showed a positive lymphocyte stimulation index to either one or both antigens, whereas of the 16 control patients only one showed a positive index, and to the P2 antigen only. These findings suggest that cell mediated autoimmunity may play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. PMID- 6601093 TI - Radiation absorbed dose estimates for positron emission tomography (PET): inert gases 19Ne and 77Kr. AB - Detailed estimates of radiation absorbed dose based on solubility data and the distribution of body water and fat are presented for 19Ne and 77Kr, useful PET rCBF imaging agents. The steady-state inhalation of 75 mCi of 19Ne and the bolus inhalation of 18 mCi of 77Kr should result in comparable imaging statistics for typical protocols and lung radiation absorbed doses less than approx. 0.5 rad. A model for both steady-state and bolus inhalation techniques for soluble gases used for these radiation absorbed dose calculations is also presented. PMID- 6601094 TI - [Heart surgery interventions in patients over 65 years old]. PMID- 6601095 TI - [Long term angiographic, endoscopic and manometric control of Warren's distal spleno-renal anastomoses]. PMID- 6601096 TI - [Hyperselective portal decompression for rupture of esophagocardial varices (29 cases)]. PMID- 6601097 TI - [The effectiveness of electric and electromagnetic stimulation in healing processes of the bone]. PMID- 6601098 TI - Biochemical analysis of variant HLA-B27 antigens. AB - Biochemical analysis of HLA-B27 antigens from individuals that are HLA-ABC identical by serology but distinct in CML typing establishes that two types of HLA-B27 can be defined biochemically. The division of HLA-B27 into a W type and a K type by CML typing correlates perfectly with the biochemical data. HLA-B27 K type possesses a more basic isoelectric point than HLA-B27 W type. Neuraminidase digestions of immunoprecipitated HLA-A,B antigens establish that the difference in isoelectric point between HLA-B27 K and HLA-B27 W is not due to differences in sialic acid content. PMID- 6601099 TI - A simplified new method for HLA-DR typing using the TM1 monoclonal antibody. AB - A new modification of an HLA-DR typing technique is described which makes DR typing as rapid and simple as routine HLA-A,B,C typing. In this new method, designated the TM1 technique, carboxyfluoresceindiacetate labeled peripheral blood lymphocytes are added directly to DR typing trays. The T cells are then lysed by addition of TM1, a pan-T cytotoxic IgM monoclonal antibody, and residual B-cell reactivity with cytotoxic DR alloantibodies is read as in routine fluorochromasia microlymphocytotoxicity. HLA-DR typing by the TM1 technique compares favorably to typing by methods using B cells enriched by sheep red blood cell rosetting or by Degalan bead columns. The TM1 technique also works well with cells that have been cryopreserved as well as with cells that have been separated from whole blood drawn as much as 3 days earlier. Finally, because TM1 is so effective in lysing normal T lymphocytes, this antibody may prove useful in functional in vitro and in vivo studies requiring T-cell depletion. PMID- 6601101 TI - Interleukin 2. PMID- 6601100 TI - Gm markers in celiac disease. AB - The association of Ig allotypes with celiac disease was analyzed in a sample of 95 Italian patients typed for HLA polymorphisms. No significant association was found for any Gm, A2m, or Km specificity when the overall sample was considered. However, significant different sex ratios were shown by patients' fnb positive and fnb negative genotypes, with a relative risk of 10.7 for this haplotype in males, suggesting that sex and Gm influence the penetrance of the HLA-linked genes. The significance of this finding is strengthened by the recent report that H-2 and Ig allotypes intervene in the genetic control of murine immune response to A-gliadin (M.F. Kagnoff, Nature 296:158, 1982). PMID- 6601102 TI - A simple oral antimicrobial regimen effective in severe chronic bronchial suppuration associated with culturable Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Three grams of amoxycillin administered twice daily for seven days, as an oral powder (Amoxil 3G sachets, Bencard) dispersed in water, to 17 patients with bronchiectasis resulted in striking clinical, spirometric and bacteriological improvement in 11 of 12 patients who were producing purulent sputum from which Haemophilus influenzae was cultured by a selective bacteriological technique (Roberts & Cole, 1980). In the five patients from whose sputum this organism could not be cultured, and in one from whom it could, there was no improvement. Untoward effects were limited to nausea in one patient and acceptability of the regimen by the remaining patients was unanimous. There was no evidence of accumulation of the drug in serum or sputum. The rapidity of effect and oral form of the treatment suggest that it may provide a simple out-patient regimen for chronic bronchial sepsis and severe purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis from which H. influenzae can be cultured. PMID- 6601103 TI - Antitrichomonal activity of compounds that affect DNA and its repair. AB - The trichomonacidal activity of dimethyl sulphate (DMS) was increased a 100-fold by administration in combination with benzamide and aminobenzamides, compounds thought to interfere with DNA repair in mammalian cells. The same benzamides did not enhance the trichomonacidal activities of metronidazole or a thiosemicarbazone. The results suggest that Trichomonas vaginalis is able to repair damaged DNA and that neither metronidazole nor the thiosemicarbazone affect trichomonal DNA in the same way as DMS. They do not rule out the possibility that the drugs have some other action on DNA. PMID- 6601104 TI - Platelet AMP deaminase. Regulation by Mg-ATP2- and inorganic phosphate and inhibition by the transition state analog coformycin. AB - Kinetic studies with platelet AMP deaminase, at pH 7.0 and 100 mM NaC1, gave cooperative initial velocity curves with AMP as substrate, with Mg-ATP2- as an activator, and with Pi as an inhibitor. In the absence of Mg-ATP2-, the s0.5 for AMP was 4.5 mM with a Hill coefficient approaching 2.0. In the presence of saturating Mg-ATP2-, the s0.5 for AMP was reduced to 0.18 mM, the maximum velocity was increased by about 35%, and the Hill coefficient was 1.0. The half activation constant for Mg-ATP2- varied from 0.7 to 0.07 mM as the concentration of AMP was varied from 0.1 to 5.0 mM and the Hill coefficient for Mg-ATP activation changed from 2.0 to 1.0 over the same range. Phosphate inhibition was competitive with AMP and with Mg-ATP2- (Ki = 2.0 mM) and reversed the activation by Mg-ATP2-. Coformycin inhibited the Mg-ATP-activated enzyme with a Ki less than 0.25 microM. Coformycin inhibition was slow, with a second order rate constant of 6.0 X 10(4) M-1 min-1, suggesting that the compound acts as a transition state analog according to Frieden, C., Kurz, L. C., and Gilbert, H. R. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 5303-5309. The kinetic properties of the enzyme indicate that substantial regulation can occur through changes in AMP concentration acting synergistically to enhance Mg-ATP2- binding and displace Pi from a single type of regulatory site. PMID- 6601106 TI - Immunoagglutination of type-C virus particles in a human T-cell line by serum supplementation from patients with adult T-cell leukemia. AB - A T-cell line, MT-2, derived from human cord blood lymphocytes by cocultivation with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cells is a continuous producer of type-C virus particles. Electron microscopy of MT-2 cells cultured for 1-3 weeks in medium containing 10% ATL patients' sera revealed agglutination of type-C virus particles within the electron-dense deposits in the extracellular spaces. No such agglutination occurred in control cultures supplemented with normal human or fetal calf serum. These results provide direct evidence for the specific reactivity of ATL patient's sera with type-C virus particles in the MT-2 cell line at the ultrastructural level. PMID- 6601105 TI - Free cytoplasmic calcium concentration and the mitogenic stimulation of lymphocytes. AB - The effects of the lectins concanavalin A, succinylated concanavalin A, and wheat germ agglutinin on the free cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration in mouse thymocytes were measured using the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator "quin 2" (Tsien, R. Y. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 2396-2404) and compared with the metabolic and mitogenic effects of the lectins on the cells. Within 1 min of adding each ligand, there is a dose dependent increase in the free cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration reported by quin 2. This response is selective for Ca2+, but it does not coincide closely with the subsequent mitogenic stimulation at 48 h by concanavalin A or succinyl concanavalin A. The nonmitogenic lectin wheat germ agglutinin also causes an increase in free cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration and early metabolic stimulation of the cells, but stimulation is self-aborted before DNA synthesis occurs. At the intracellular concentrations of quin 2 required for measurement of the free Ca2+ concentration, the chelator causes early metabolic stimulation of the cells very similar to that produced by concanavalin A and the mitogenic Ca2+ ionophore A23187. Thus, phosphatidylinositol metabolism and lactate production are stimulated in mouse thymocytes and pig lymphocytes within 1 h of loading with quin 2 and significant increases in RNA synthesis occur after 8 h. Quin 2 causes mitogenic stimulation of pig lymphocytes measured as increased [3H]thymidine uptake at 48 h, that is variable but substantial in most experiments (up to 100% of the stimulation by A23187). The chelator itself has no significant activity as a Ca2+ ionophore, but the apparent free Ca2+ concentration in the cells increases both with the concentration of intracellular quin 2 and with the extracellular Ca2+ concentration. These data leave open the possibility that quin 2 itself affects the concentration of free Ca2+ or other cations in the cells. PMID- 6601107 TI - A new determinant of glucocorticoid sensitivity in lymphoid cell lines. AB - The SAK cell line, derived from a spontaneous thymic lymphoma in an AKR mouse, is resistant to lysis by glucocorticoids in spite of the presence of functional glucocorticoid receptor. Receptor function was determined by hormone binding analyses, as well as characterization of hormonal effects on cell growth and on the accumulation of murine leukemia virus and metallothionein mRNAs. SAK cells were fused with a receptor-defective (and therefore resistant) variant of a well characterized murine thymoma line, W7. The resulting hybrids are glucocorticoid sensitive, demonstrating complementation of the receptor defect in W7 cells by the functional glucocorticoid receptor of SAK. This fusion shows that SAK cells are resistant to the hormone due to the absence of another function designated "I" for lysis. SAK cells were also fused with glucocorticoid-sensitive W7 cells (containing wild-type receptor), generating glucocorticoid-sensitive hybrids, which demonstrate that the dexamethasone-resistant phenotype of the SAK cells is recessive. Resistant derivatives of this hybrid were found which still contain the full amount of receptor. Chromosome analysis revealed that, on the average, the resistant derivatives had lost two chromosomes, suggesting segregation of chromosomes carrying genetic material necessary for the "lysis" function. The drug 5-azacytidine (a known inhibitor of DNA methylation) has been shown to cause heritable changes in gene expression. Treatment of SAK cells with 5-azacytidine generated glucocorticoid-sensitive clones at high frequency, suggesting that the gene(s) involved in the "lysis" function are intact and have been inactivated through a process such as differentiation. PMID- 6601108 TI - Biochemical properties of the endothelium-derived growth factor: comparison to other growth factors. PMID- 6601109 TI - Lateral transmission of tension in frog myofibers: a myofibrillar network and transverse cytoskeletal connections are possible transmitters. AB - The extensibility of the sarcolemma of single myofibers can be reduced locally by leaving a segment covered by a sleeve of surrounding tissue composed of cut myofibers, blood vessels, and connective tissue, hereafter referred to as "the splint." Splinted fibers from frog semitendinosus muscle were used to study mechanical connections (transverse coupling) between myofibrillar components and sarcolemma. The transverse coupling is strong enough to insure a tight correlation between myofibril length and overlying sarcolemma length in both resting and activated fibers and to transmit nearly maximum isometric tension to the splint. Lateral transmission of active tension was demonstrated with a preparation which had the distal two-thirds of an intact fiber covered by a splint and the proximal third dissected clean. When the outer end of the splint was pinned down and only the distal tendon was held, tension generated in the splinted fiber was transmitted to, and recorded from, the splint. Parameters of isometric tension transmitted laterally were not significantly different from those of tension transmitted longitudinally. Myofibrils branch profusely and form a network that may act as a unitary force generator and transmitter. In splinted fibers its output is possibly picked up circumferentially and transmitted across the sarcolemma by a microfilament network. A cap of relatively inextensible sarcolemma "splints" myofiber ends. Resting tension is transmitted to and from the myofibrils by transverse coupling beyond the cap and the region of short sarcomere spacing it covers. Transverse cytoskeletal connections at Z and M regions are described. Immobilization of the sarcolemma allows study of myofibril sarcolemma linkage in intact fibers. Both active and resting tension were transmitted laterally. PMID- 6601110 TI - Glucocorticoids and prostaglandins inhibit the induction of macrophage DNA synthesis by macrophage growth factor and phorbol ester. AB - The tumor-promoting phorbol ester, 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), stimulates starch-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages to undergo DNA synthesis in vitro, apparently without the generation of an endogenous macrophage growth factor (MGF). No evidence was found for any synergistic interaction between TPA and exogenous colony stimulating factors (CSFs) for macrophage DNA synthesis. Low concentrations of glucocorticoids and also prostaglandins E1 and E2 suppress both the CSF-1-stimulated and the TPA-stimulated macrophage DNA synthesis; these same drugs inhibit the CSF-1-mediated and TPA-mediated enhancement of macrophage plasminogen activator (PA) activity. Thus glucocorticoids and prostaglandins E1 and E2 oppose the action of growth factors and the tumor promoter on macrophage and precursor cell function. PMID- 6601111 TI - Serum osteocalcin in the treatment of inherited rickets with 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3. AB - Osteocalcin is a vitamin K-dependent protein, synthesized in bone, which can be detected in serum. We have measured circulating osteocalcin levels in 10 patients with x-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) and in 6 patients with autosomal recessive vitamin D dependence (ARVDD) who started 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] therapy. Patients with XLH were studied before and after 7-12 months of therapy that included 1,25-(OH)2D3 (10-72 ng/kg x day) and oral phosphate. Serum osteocalcin rose from 28 +/- 12 to 52 +/- 12 ng/ml (mean +/- SE; P less than 0.01) in concert with improvements in biochemical status and bone mineralization. Vitamin D therapy was withdrawn for 2 weeks from patients with ARVDD. The vitamin D-deplete status was evidenced by low 1,25-(OH)2D3 levels (12 +/- 2 pg/ml; n = 6). After 1 week of therapy with 1,25-(OH)2D3, serum calcium rose from 9.03 +/- 0.21 to 9.67 +/- 0.25 mg/dl (P less than 0.002), while serum phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase remained unchanged. Serum osteocalcin rose from 35 +/- 7 to 83 +/- 32 ng/ml (P less than 0.05). At 3 weeks, serum calcium remained elevated (9.63 +/- 0.18 ng/dl) over control levels (P less than 0.01); phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase were still unchanged. Serum osteocalcin rose to 114 +/- 42 ng/ml, significantly greater than values at 1 week (P less than 0.05). Thus, serum osteocalcin increases after 1,25-(OH)2D3 therapy in both ARVDD and XLH. PMID- 6601112 TI - Antigen-specific proliferation responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes to Trichomonas vaginalis antigen in patients with Trichomonas vaginitis. AB - This report describes the development of an assay system which overcomes the difficulty of detecting immune responses of patients with Trichomonas vaginitis by making use of peripheral blood leukocytes obtained from such patients. When peripheral blood leukocytes from the patient were stimulated in microcultures with the soluble antigen extracted from Trichomonas vaginalis, significant degrees of proliferation ensued, as measured by the incorporation of [methyl 3H]thymidine 4 to 5 days after initiation. The antigen-induced proliferation response of peripheral blood leukocytes is specific for T. vaginalis antigen. The T. vaginalis-specific [methyl-3H]thymidine incorporation is mediated by Leu-1 positive cells, namely, T lymphocytes, in the peripheral blood leukocyte population. This assay system should prove useful for the analysis of the immune response to the protozoa in patients with Trichomonas vaginitis. PMID- 6601113 TI - Evaluation of the cefonicid disk test criteria, including disk quality control guidelines. AB - Cefonicid (SKF 75073) is a second-generation cephalosporin which has a spectrum of antimicrobial activity similar to that of cefamandole, but cefoxitin (a cephamycin) and cephalothin have uniquely different spectra of activity. The second-generation cephalosporins tested displayed comparable susceptibility to beta-lactamases and inhibited type I beta-lactamases. Although cefonicid has a longer serum half-life (3 to 4 h) compared with the currently used drugs, the same minimal inhibitory concentration breakpoints separating susceptible and resistant categories were applied to tests with cefonicid, cefamandole, and cephalothin. Regression analysis of the disk diffusion test results confirmed the use of identical zone size breakpoints for 30-micrograms cefonicid, cefamandole, and cephalothin disks: all three produced similar parabolic regression lines. Further analysis of disk test data confirmed the fact that cefonicid and cefamandole disks might be used interchangeably. But for routine tests, cefonicid disks might be preferred in order to minimize the number of very major (false susceptible) interpretive errors. Suggested cefonicid 30-micrograms disk interpretive criteria are: susceptible, greater than or equal to 18 mm (less than or equal to 8.0 micrograms/ml), and resistant, less than or equal to 14 mm (greater than 16 micrograms/ml). Quality control zone diameter limits were calculated from data obtained in a multilaboratory collaborative study. PMID- 6601114 TI - Minimal criteria for the identification of Gardnerella vaginalis isolated from the vagina. AB - Vaginal swabs were examined for the presence of Gardnerella vaginalis. Of 294 isolates with appropriate colonial and cellular morphology subjected to an identification procedure, 203 (69%) were identified as G vaginalis. The 91 isolates not identified as G vaginalis were differentiated by their inability to ferment starch, cause diffuse beta haemolysis on human blood agar or hydrolyse hippurate. Other tests, often used in the identification of G vaginalis, were found to be insufficiently specific. Failure to ferment starch coexisted with failure to cause beta haemolysis and/or hydrolyse hippurate. The starch fermentation test may therefore be omitted. The tests for beta haemolysis and hippurate hydrolysis, being relatively simple to perform and interpret, are considered indispensable for the accurate identification of G vaginalis in the service laboratory. PMID- 6601115 TI - Nuclear organization of the bullfrog diencephalon. AB - A cytoarchitectonic analysis was performed on the diencephalic nuclei of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. The epithalamus contains two widely recognized habenular nuclei. The thalamus has three subdivisions: dorsal and ventral thalamus, and posterior tuberculum. The dorsal thalamus may be further parcelled into anterior, middle, and posterior zones. Connectional data from other studies support this zonation. The anterior zone projects to the telencephalic pallium. The middle zone nuclei receive a strong input from the midbrain roof and project to the telencephalic striatal complex. The posterior zone nuclei do not appear to project to the telencephalon; they may eventually be placed in the pretectum, a transitional area between the diencephalon and mesencephalon. Two of the ventral thalamic populations have been frequently placed in the dorsal thalamus and called the nucleus rotundus and the lateral geniculate nucleus. These terms imply homology with sauropsid dorsal thalamic nuclei, but our analysis and current connectional information do not support such homologies. We have given these populations more neutral names. The hypothalamus is divisible into a preoptic and infundibular hypothalamus, and the preoptic area can be further separated into anterior and posterior preoptic areas. The posterior area contains the magnocellular preoptic nucleus and a dorsal arm of this nucleus, often placed in the ventral thalamus, was recognized. We have tentatively placed the posterior entopeduncular nucleus in the hypothalamus. PMID- 6601116 TI - Developmental relationships between trigeminal ganglia and trigeminal motoneurons in chick embryos. I. Ganglion development is necessary for motoneuron migration. AB - The migration and early development of trigeminal (V) motoneurons were studied in chick embryos in which two different populations of primary trigeminal sensory neurons had been removed prior to the birthdate of the V motoneurons. Ablation of mesencephalic neural crest cells, which eliminates monosynaptic sensory input, did not affect the migration, early development, or later differentiation of the V motoneurons. However, when the anlagen of the V ganglion were removed, the V motor root did not exit from the brainstem and the V motor nucleus did not develop. Although the neurons of the V ganglion do not innervate adult V motoneurons, these populations are related developmentally. In those embryos in which the V ganglion did not develop, medial column cells, which are midline, postmitotic, premigratory V motoneurons, and a few medial, elongated cells (possibly migratory) were present until days 5-6, but these cells did not complete their lateral migration to form the lateral nucleus of V. In cases where the ganglion anlagen were not completely removed, the number of postmigratory V motoneurons was positively correlated to the size of the ganglion remnant. There also was a correlation between the axial position of the postmigratory V motoneurons and the ganglion remnants. If a caudal remnant developed, only caudal V motoneurons, whose axons reached the ganglion, migrated; if a rostral remnant developed, only rostral V motoneurons, with axons reaching this remnant, migrated. Additionally, if the central axons of the ganglion remnant entered the metencephalon in either dorsal or ventral ectopic positions, the V motor nucleus was located in a corresponding aberrant position. Thus, some characteristic of the V ganglion cells appears to guide the motor axons and somas to their final brainstem position. PMID- 6601117 TI - Developmental relationships between trigeminal ganglia and trigeminal motoneurons in chick embryos. II. Ganglion axon ingrowth guides motoneuron migration. AB - In the chick embryo the trigeminal (V) sensory ganglion cells send axons into the metencephalon a few hours before the V motoneurons migrate from the midline to form a lateral nucleus adjacent to the ingrowing sensory axons. This relationship suggests that the ganglion axons may influence the initiation and direction of V motoneuron migration. In the present experiment the development of the ganglion axons was retarded by removing the neural crest anlage of the V ganglion. Subsequently, V ganglion cells which were derived from the ectodermal placode anlage sent axons into the metencephalon up to 2 days later than normal. The lateral migration of the V motoneurons was similarly delayed, commencing only after the central axons from the placodal ganglia penetrated the metencephalon. This study demonstrates that the presence of V ganglion perikarya alone is not sufficient to guide the appropriate migration of V motoneurons. This migration occurs only after the axons from the V sensory ganglion cells have penetrated the brainstem. PMID- 6601118 TI - Developmental relationships between trigeminal ganglia and trigeminal motoneurons in chick embryos. III. Ganglion perikarya direct motor axon growth in the periphery. AB - The previous study in this series demonstrated that the ingrowth of the central axons of the trigeminal (V) ganglion is prerequisite to V motor axon outgrowth and somatic translocation. In the present experiment we determined whether further interactions with V ganglion cell bodies were required by V motoneurons after the V ganglion innervates the brainstem. Soon after the ganglion axons had penetrated the brainstem they were severed, and a barrier, either permeable or impermeable, was placed between the ganglion cell bodies and the metencephalon. V motor axons grew along aberrant pathways to circumvent the impermeable barriers, many rerouting to reach the V ganglion. Only those V motor nerves which contacted the V ganglion distal to the barrier reached their target musculature in the mandible. The pattern of migration of V motoneurons was normal regardless of the V motor nerve trajectory, but the cell bodies of those axons which did not reach a muscle were not fully differentiated. When permeable barriers (Millipore filters) were implanted, the nerves followed two types of trajectories. If the pore size of the filter was small (0.45 and 0.025 microns), the V motor nerves grew identically to those observed in embryos in which impermeable barriers had been implanted. If the pore size of the filter was large (8.0 and 0.08 microns), the V motor nerve grew along its normal path directly to the barrier. Small axonal bundles from these nerves frequently grew into the filter toward the distal V ganglion. These results indicate that V motor axons preferentially grow to the V ganglion perikarya after exiting from the brainstem. Contact with the V ganglion always results in V motor nerve growth to the mandible while growth of the V motor axons to aberrant target sites only occurs when the axons fail to contact the V ganglion cells distal to the barrier. PMID- 6601119 TI - Development of order in the rat trigeminal system. AB - The trigeminal system of the rat is characterized by a high degree of order. The pattern of the distribution of vibrissae follicles on the face is replicated at each synaptic station between face and somatosensory cortex (Belford and Killackey, '80). The present study details the development of the trigeminal nerve, its intrinsic organization, and its relationship with its peripheral and central targets. We have observed that at early embryonic ages (E12 and E13) the trigeminal ganglion neurons grow out in straight lines without crossing, and the distance between these neurons and their peripheral and central targets is very short. We have found that fibers reach the periphery before follicle formation is first detectable (E14). At all ages, the trigeminal fibers show a marked tendency to fasciculate. After the development of the pattern of vibrissae follicles on the face, the pattern of fasciculation within the nerve can be clearly related to the rows of vibrissae and the buccal pad. This peripherally related order in the nerve was experimentally verified by injecting horseradish peroxidase into the follicles of individual rows and selectively sectioning portions of the nerve. Further, we provide evidence that the discrete brainstem pattern reflecting vibrissae distribution develops after organization is detectable in the nerve and in a temporal sequence from lateral to medial, which replicates the developmental sequence of vibrissae follicles from ocular to nasal on the face. This sequence is detectable in both the distribution of afferent terminals as measured with succinic dehydrogenase histochemistry and of horseradish peroxidase back-labeled trigeminothalamic relay cells. We interpret our results as suggesting that a number of factors may play a role in the establishment of specific neuronal topographies in the rodent trigeminal system. PMID- 6601120 TI - A Monte Carlo simulation of Compton scattering in positron emission tomography. AB - A Monte Carlo technique was used to simulate some of the important physical processes involved in the coincidence detection of gamma rays by a positron emission tomograph. The major effect considered here is the detection of Compton scattered gamma rays as coincidence counts. The Compton scattering of gamma rays in a H2O filled phantom was simulated using the Klein-Nishina cross section. Results obtained in the form of profiles of activity were compared to a model which represents scatter as the convolution of the true signal with an exponential. PMID- 6601121 TI - Diagnostic and prognostic significance of exercise-induced premature ventricular complexes in men and women: a four year follow-up. AB - Two hundred eighty patients (197 men and 83 women) with normal rest electrocardiograms and no history of prior myocardial infarction were referred for evaluation of chest pain. It was found that exercise-induced premature ventricular complexes had a lower sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value in predicting significant coronary artery disease than exercise-induced ST segment depression greater than or equal to 1 mm. The incidence of exercise-induced premature ventricular complexes was not significantly different in patients with no significant coronary artery disease, single vessel disease or multivessel disease. The site of origin of exercise induced premature ventricular complexes was not helpful in predicting the presence or severity of coronary artery disease. At a mean follow-up period of 47.1 months, exercise-induced premature ventricular complexes did not predict coronary events (cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction) in men or women. PMID- 6601122 TI - Anterior transmural myocardial infarction: effects of surgical coronary reperfusion on global and regional left ventricular function. AB - Global and regional left ventricular function were assessed before and after surgical coronary reperfusion in 54 patients surviving anterior transmural myocardial infarction. Two groups were identified. Group I (n = 34) was treated within 4.8 +/- 0.7 (mean +/- standard deviation) hours of onset of symptoms of anterior transmural myocardial infarction, and Group II (n = 20) was treated 9.2 +/- 4.8 hours from the onset of symptoms (p less than 0.01). On study entry, the two groups were similar in all characteristics except global left ventricular ejection fraction (48 +/- 9 versus 42 +/- 13%, p less than 0.05). Regional ejection fraction was obtained by computer-assisted planimetry from ventriculographic tracings at end-systole and end-diastole. The anterior wall was divided into four equal segments from the apex (area 1) to base (area 4). Areas 2 and 3 defined the midportion of the anterior wall of the left ventricle. This yielded four fractional changes expressed as ejection fraction in percent. Global and regional ejection fractions (from apex to base) of the anterior wall significantly improved in Group I (from 48 +/- 9 to 55 +/- 11%; 7 +/- 17 to 18 +/ 20%; 12 +/- 14 to 25 +/- 18%; 25 +/- 15 to 38 +/- 17%; and 39 +/- 13 to 41 +/- 12%) (p less than 0.05, except for the basal area), but only to a minor degree in Group II (from 42 +/- 13 to 45 +/- 16%; 9 +/- 10 to 13 +/- 15%; 10 +/- 10 to 17 +/- 10%; 27 +/- 16 to 32 +/- 14%; and 37 +/- 10 to 36 +/- 13%) (all p values were not significant [NS] except for region 2). These data suggest significant enhancement of global function and regional wall motion in selected patients if surgical reperfusion is performed within 6 hours from the onset of symptoms of anterior infarction. Little improvement can be expected when the procedure is instituted later than 6 hours from peak symptoms, although improvement in some patients occurs if adequate collateral perfusion or nontotal left anterior descending coronary occlusion is present. In spite of functional improvements, some contractile deficit persisted throughout the period studied even when successful reperfusion was achieved early during evolving anterior transmural myocardial infarction. PMID- 6601123 TI - Systemic reaction to papain in a nonoccupational setting. AB - A patient experienced a severe systemic allergic reaction after ingesting meat tenderizer. Evaluation revealed that the reaction was mediated by IgE antibody to papain, an ingredient of the tenderizer. Papain hypersensitivity has been reported among pharmacists and factory workers exposed to the agent, but few nonoccupational cases have been described. The present case may be the first in which the sensitization appears to have occurred via the gastrointestinal route. Papain-containing products are commonly used throughout our society and papain hypersensitivity may represent an unrecognized cause of allergic symptoms. PMID- 6601124 TI - Asthma and increases in nonallergic bronchial responsiveness from seasonal pollen exposure. AB - Serial measurements of symptoms, peak flow rates, methacholine bronchial responsiveness, and ragweed-specific IgE antibodies were made before and during the ragweed pollen season in 13 sensitized subjects. Allergen inhalation tests were carried out with aerosols of pollen extract out of season in nine subjects; isolated early asthmatic responses were provoked in four, and dual responses (early followed by late) were provoked in five. During the pollen season all subjects developed hay fever and eight had symptoms of asthma. There was a real increase in methacholine responsiveness during the ragweed season. This increase appeared before or after the occurrence of asthma symptoms and changes in flow rates and was greater in subjects with symptoms in the pollen season, dual responses after allergen inhalation tests, and higher levels of ragweed-specific IgE antibodies. The results confirm the occurrence of seasonal asthma and increases in nonallergic (nonspecific) bronchial responsiveness to methacholine from seasonal pollen exposure. They suggest that the occurrence of symptoms is closely linked to the allergic inflammatory reaction and the induction of increased nonallergic responsiveness. PMID- 6601125 TI - Analysis of depressed cell-mediated immunity in asbestos workers. AB - To explore the mechanisms of asbestos-related perturbations of the immune system, we evaluated the in vitro cell-mediated immunity of five asymptomatic asbestos workers with hypergammaglobulinemia and decreased T-cell numbers. These results were compared with those in 10 matched controls. Analysis of T-lymphocyte populations revealed decreased absolute numbers of OKT4+ (helper/inducer) T cells in the peripheral blood and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated mononuclear cell cultures of the workers. When chrysotile asbestos was added to PHA cultures, expansion of OKT4+ cell populations was disproportionately inhibited in workers' cultures. Furthermore, control proliferative responses to PHA became indistinguishable from initial worker responses. These effects were incompletely explained by the cytotoxic effects of asbestos on cultured lymphocytes. We conclude that both in vivo and in vitro exposure of mononuclear cell populations to asbestos may lead to a diminution of helper-inducer T-cell numbers. In asbestos-exposed individuals, this latter lymphocyte subpopulation appears to be especially sensitive to in vitro asbestos exposure. Although the clinical implications of these findings are unclear, we hypothesize that many of the immunologic abnormalities that occur in asbestos workers could be explained by direct asbestos effects on the OKT4+ immunoregulatory population. PMID- 6601126 TI - Etiology and treatment of motion sickness: a review. AB - The role of vision in motion sickness has often been either exaggerated or ignored. After examining some early theories of motion sickness, this review discusses the sensory conflict theory and visual aspects of motion sickness. A wide range of preventative measures, both optometric and non-optometric, are presented to give the vision care specialist some practical solutions to the problem of motion distress. PMID- 6601127 TI - Improving balance. Therapy of movement. PMID- 6601128 TI - The stability of ergocalciferol in rodenticidal baits. AB - Concentrations of the rodenticide ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) in samples of rodent baits laid in foodstores and in the laboratory were monitored over several months. Bait samples were solvent extracted and ergocalciferol concentration determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Ergocalciferol levels were constant for more than 21 days in dry samples and did not fall by more than 30% in 100 days. When water (10% w/w) was added to the baits in the laboratory the ergocalciferol concentration fell by approximately 30% in 30 days. In these wet laboratory samples there was a rapid visible growth of fungus and in normal rodent control use baits should have been replaced when such deterioration became evident. PMID- 6601129 TI - The migration of activated murine T lymphocytes in vitro. II. Evidence for differential locomotion of T cell subsets. AB - Lymphocytes that were activated by various means (recovered from an in vivo allograft site, sensitized in mixed lymphocyte culture, or stimulated by Con A in vitro), were extremely motile in vitro when compared to unsensitized lymph node lymphocytes. Allosensitized lymphocytes generated in vitro and in vivo (harvested on days of peak cell-mediated cytotoxicity) were more motile than Con A-activated lymphocytes (harvested on the day of peak thymidine incorporation). Protein (bovine serum albumin, normal mouse serum, or alpha-casein) was chemokinetic for all of the lymphocyte preparations, especially those activated by alloantigen or Con A. When these bulk populations were used, no evidence was found to suggest these materials were chemotactic for activated lymphocytes; the various proteins promoted comparable chemokinetic effects. Treatment of allosensitized lymphocytes generated in vitro with Lyt-2 antisera and complement significantly reduced cell mediated cytotoxicity, but had no effect on random motility. Conversely, treatment with anti-Lyt-1 antisera and complement impaired the motility of the residual cell population in response to chemokinetic normal mouse serum or alpha casein. Within the bulk population of lymphocytes allosensitized in vitro, the cells that migrate most quickly are predominantly Thy-1.2, Lyt-1+2-, are not as cytotoxic, and do not incorporate thymidine as actively as the unseparated population. These experiments indicate that subpopulations of lymphocytes demonstrate locomotor heterogeneity. Studies designed to determine if a specific lymphocyte population can manifest directional motility (i.e., chemotaxis) will require the use of various antigen-sensitized lymphocyte clones at defined stages of the cell cycle. PMID- 6601130 TI - Changes in B lineage cell population in liver and spleen of normal neonatal mice. AB - The frequency and characteristics of B lymphocyte lineage cells in neonatal murine liver and spleen were studied during the first 10 days after birth. These were distinguished as B cells with surface IgM (slgM), immediate precursors of B cells (pre-B cells) lacking slgM but containing micron-heavy chains of IgM, and earlier precursors that did not synthesize immunoglobulin but could be detected with monoclonal 14.8 antibody. Experiments were also done to relate these to cells capable of clonal proliferation in mitogen-containing semisolid agar cultures and cells that acquire this function only after preculture in liquid medium. Newborn liver contained large numbers of early precursors as well as pre B cells, and culture studies revealed that a majority of the colony-forming B cells present at that time were slg-. Adherent accessory cells in newborn liver suspensions facilitated the maturation of these into functional B cells in vitro. At most ages, however, numbers of slg+ B cells detected in that tissue were surprisingly low. Possible explanations for this include a rapid exit of newly formed B cells and their immediate precursors from liver and/or a high rate of abortive lg gene rearrangements during the neonatal period. In contrast, whereas the spleen contained early precursors and pre-B cells at birth, these cells steadily declined in number with age as the numbers of slgM+ B cells increased. Adherent cells in liver but not spleen of immunodeficient CBA/N mice suppressed B lymphocyte formation in semisolid or liquid cultures. These observations document population dynamics in B lineage cells during a critical period of development. PMID- 6601131 TI - Acquisition of deoxyguanosine resistance by TPA-induced T lymphoid lines. AB - The human leukemic T cell line 8402, which contains terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) and phenotypically resembles precursor thymocytes, when exposed to the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) undergoes in vitro T maturation. TdT disappears from virtually all the cells and a fraction of TdT- -cells express specific T surface markers, such as the T3 determinant. Like T lymphocytes from the thymus, 8402 cells are extremely sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of deoxyguanosine (dGuo). As a consequence of TPA treatment, resistance to dGuo is observed in 8402, as well as in two other TdT+ lymphoid T cell lines, Molt-4 and CEM-10. These results suggest the occurrence of changes in deoxynucleoside metabolism in TPA-treated cells related to the in vitro maturation process. Maturation of 8402 cells, once started, progresses in the presence of additional physiologic stimuli provided by conditioned medium from lymphocyte culture, because a portion of cells display the T8+/T4- phenotype characteristic of cytotoxic/suppressor T cells. This in vitro lymphoid system may thus be used to study the relationships of molecular differentiation between precursor thymocytes and cytotoxic/suppressor T cells. PMID- 6601132 TI - Clonal proliferation unlinked to terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase synthesis in thymocytes of young mice. AB - Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) is a specialized DNA polymerase that is potentially mutagenic. It is expressed only in the thymus and in some bone marrow cells, suggesting that it acts selectively in immature lymphoid cells, especially T cells. We investigated the extent to which de novo synthesis of TdT is correlated with the clonal expansion that T cell precursors undergo in the thymus. Using biosynthetic pulse-labeling and immune precipitation, we found that thymocytes from late-fetal and neonatal mice make TdT at considerably lower levels than weanling or adult mouse thymocytes. Adult levels of TdT synthesis are only reached a week after birth. Thus, the high proportion of proliferating cells in the perinatal thymus does not entail a correspondingly high production' of TdT synthesis is blocked by cytolytic treatment with anti-Lyt-2 and complement, suggesting that the inducible cells are already Lyt-2+ like most adult TdT+ thymocytes. These observations imply that the stroma of the perinatal thymus either suppresses or fails to trigger high-level TdT synthesis. At the same time, it is in this microenvironment that maximum proliferation and export of functional T cell precursors take place. In contrast, the conditions that stimulate high TdT synthesis in vitro are not associated with mitogenesis but rather with growth arrest. High-level TdT synthesis in general is not regulated so as to precede or coincide with clonal expansion, either in perinatal or in adult thymocyte populations. The possibility remains that in many cells it is linked with a commitment to die. PMID- 6601133 TI - Presence of circulating anti-idiotype-bearing cells after booster immunization with tetanus toxoid (TT) and inhibition of anti-TT antibody synthesis by auto anti-idiotypic antibody. AB - We have previously documented the appearance of auto-anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibody in the serum of normal subjects after booster immunization with tetanus toxoid (TT) antigen. In the present study circulating auto-anti-Id-bearing cells and the regulatory role of auto-anti-Id antibody on anti-TT antibody synthesis were examined. Two adult volunteers were boosted with TT antigen, and IgG (Fab')2 anti-TT was prepared from plasma obtained 7 and 10 days after boosting. Auto-anti Id antibody directed against autologous IgG (Fab')2 anti-TT became detectable in the serum starting 2 wk and up to 4 mo after booster immunization with TT. Circulating cells capable of specifically binding fluorescein-conjugated autologous IgG (Fab')2 anti-TT were identified starting 3 wk after immunization and throughout the 3- to 4-mo study period. Auto-anti-Id-bearing cells were predominantly B cells and secreted auto-anti-Id antibody after stimulation with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) in vitro. When added to cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) obtained 10 days after immunization, serum auto-anti-Id antibody inhibited the PWM-induced synthesis of IgG anti-TT. This inhibition was idiotype specific and affected predominantly the synthesis of anti-TT idiotypes recognized by the auto-anti-Id antibody. Auto-anti-Id antibody did not affect the synthesis of IgG anti-TT by PBL that co-circulated with the auto-anti-Id antibody. These results suggest that auto-anti-Id antibodies play a role in the regulation of the normal human immune response. PMID- 6601134 TI - Interactions of lectins and monoclonal antibodies with human mononuclear cells. I. Specific inhibition of OKT4 and OKT8 binding by Ricinus communis agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin. AB - We used flow cytometry to examine effects of lectins on interactions between human lymphocytes and the anti-T cell monoclonal reagents OKT4 (T helper specific) and OKT8 (T suppressor-specific). Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) inhibited OKT8 binding to lymphocytes by a mean 77% and Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA-I) inhibited OKT4 binding by 66%. Inhibition was abolished in each case by appropriate carbohydrate hapten inhibitors of lectin binding, indicating it was mediated by the lectin saccharide combining sites. Neither WGA nor RCA-I inhibited binding of OKT3, a pan-T cell monoclonal reagent. In addition, a group of other lectins with a variety of nominal carbohydrate specificities did not inhibit OKT4 or OKT8 binding. Preincubation experiments and gel filtration indicated that inhibition in each case was due to competition between lectin and monoclonal for binding to cell surfaces, not to direct lectin-monoclonal antibody interactions. Treatment of lymphoid cells with OKT8 and complement reduced OKT8- and WGA-binding cells concurrently, whereas treatment with OKT4 and complement did not reduce percentages of either type of cell. Similarly, specific depletion of OKT8-binding cells abolished the mitogenic response to WGA but not that to PHA. Cell populations enriched for WGA-binding cells prepared by flow cytometry and cell sorting demonstrated parallel enrichment for OKT8-binding and depletion of OKT4-binding cells. Therefore, these data demonstrate specific inhibition of OKT4 and OKT8 binding by the lectins, RCA-I and WGA, respectively. Inhibition was mediated by lectin binding to lymphoid cell surfaces, perhaps directly to the T4 or T8 antigens. The observations indicate that lectins may prove useful for investigating structural features of some immunologic cell surface markers. Furthermore, they provide the possibility that certain in vitro effects of lectins on immune function may result from their interactions with molecules such as the T4 and T8 antigens. PMID- 6601135 TI - Heterogeneity of human NK cells: comparison of effectors that lyse HSV-1-infected fibroblasts and K562 erythroleukemia targets. AB - In this study, we compared the natural killer (NK) cells that lyse HSV-1-infected NK(HSV-1) or uninfected [NK-(FS)] fibroblasts to those that lyse K562 erythroleukemia cells [NK(K562)]. Activity against all three targets was found in Percoll gradient fractions enriched for large granular lymphocytes, which suggests that these effector cells have a common morphology. In competition studies between 51Cr-labeled targets and unlabeled targets, both the infected and the uninfected fibroblasts competed for lysis of NK(HSV-1) and NK(FS) activity, whereas K562 cells competed poorly. In contrast, when 51Cr-labeled K562 cells were used, the unlabeled K562 cells competed well, but HSV-1-infected and uninfected fibroblasts competed poorly. Panning studies and complement elimination experiments using monoclonal antibodies were performed to describe cell surface markers on the NK cell populations. Treatment with an antibody to an la framework antigen reduced NK(HSV-1) but not NK(K562) activity. In contrast, the majority of NK(K562) effectors were recognized by antibodies to the E-rosette receptor (Lyt-3 and OKT11A), whereas NK(HSV-1) activity was much less sensitive to this antibody. OKM1, OKT10, and Leu-7 (HNK-1) markers were found on a portion, but not all, of the cells that lysed both the HSV-FS and K562 targets, while treatment with HLA plus complement totally abrogated both NK activities. Taken together, these data are consistent with the concept that human NK cells are heterogeneous and that we are dealing with at least three subpopulations of effector cells--one that kills the infected or uninfected fibroblasts; one that kills K562 cells; and a third population that may be able to kill all three targets. Patient studies provide additional evidence for heterogeneity within the NK cells that lyse the fibroblasts and K562 cells. We have studied a number of individuals who have normal NK activity with one target (HSV-FS or K562) but have low or no activity against the other. These patients provide strong evidence not only that NK cells are heterogeneous but also that these NK subpopulations can be regulated independently of each other in vivo. PMID- 6601136 TI - Lymphokine regulation of activated (G1) lymphocytes. I. Prostaglandin E2-induced inhibition of interleukin 2 production. AB - PGE2-induced inhibition of the proliferatory response of PHA-stimulated human PBL and Con A-stimulated murine thymocytes was analyzed by flow cytometry. It was found that the activation process (G0-G1a transition) was not influenced by PGE2 over a wide range of concentrations (10(-10) to 10(-6) M), nor was the formation of IL 2 receptors inhibited. Similarly, the viability of human lymphocytes was practically unaltered. In contrast, the IL 2-dependent cell cycle event (G1a-G1b transition), which is required for proliferation, was inhibited in a dose dependent fashion. The addition of IL 2-containing supernatants to such cultures prevented the PGE2-mediated block in the G1a phase and reconstituted a normal lymphocyte proliferation. Furthermore, lower IL 2 titers were measured in supernatants from PHA-stimulated human PBL treated with PGE2. These findings strongly suggest that PGE2 primarily exerts its inhibitory effect on lymphocyte proliferation through an inhibition of IL 2 production. PMID- 6601137 TI - Endotoxin-induced T lymphocyte proliferation. AB - The lymphocyte response to endotoxin (LPS) has been attributed largely to the action of this agent as a polyclonal activator of B lymphocytes. In this study we found that a cloned murine interleukin 2-dependent cytotoxic T cell line, CT 6, proliferates in response to LPS, thus providing the first evidence that T cells can be stimulated directly by LPS. The response was dose and time dependent and was blocked by polymyxin B, an inhibitor of LPS-induced mitogenesis. The fact that this is a cloned T cell line, free of other potentially contaminating lymphoid cell types, precludes the possibility that this proliferation is due to contaminating B lymphocytes or is mediated by macrophage-derived products such as interleukin 1. Moreover, highly purified splenic T lymphocyte populations (purified by negative/positive selection or by a rigorous column purification procedure) contain a small subpopulation (approximately 3%) of T cells that proliferate in response to LPS. This population is missing in the endotoxin hyporesponsive C3H/HeJ mouse. As was observed in the CT 6 line, proliferation of splenic T cells in response to LPS was inhibited by polymyxin B. Furthermore, treatment of LPS-stimulated T cells with anti-T cell antibodies plus complement blocks the uptake of 3H-thymidine by these cultures. Exogenous interleukin 1 failed to stimulate the T cell cultures comparably to LPS and therefore cannot account for the degree of stimulation observed. These findings support and extend previous findings that suggested a role for an endotoxin-sensitive T cell population in the induction of certain responses, such as LPS-induced adjuvanticity of the lymphocyte-dependent LPS induction of macrophage procoagulant activity. PMID- 6601138 TI - A thymocyte-activating factor derived from glomerular mesangial cells. AB - The glomerular mesangium is centrally involved in immune-mediated glomerulonephritis. The mesangial cell is a mesenchyme-derived multipotential vascular pericyte, which shares several properties with macrophages. Cultured, proliferating rat mesangial cells produce a factor, mesangial cell-derived thymocyte-activating factor (MC-TAF), which physicochemically and biologically closely resembles macrophage interleukin 1. MC-TAF is heat labile, of low m.w. (approximately 15,000), and adheres to anion exchangers. MC-TAF acts to augment lectin-induced thymocyte proliferation and enhances peripheral lymphocyte production of interleukin 2. These findings suggest that a mesangial cell cytokine may interact with the cellular immune system in an antigenically nonspecific fashion to modulate immune responses in glomerular disease. PMID- 6601139 TI - Modulation of the biologic activities of IgE-binding factor. II. Physicochemical properties and cell sources of glycosylation-enhancing factor. AB - T lymphocytes of rats treated with Bordetella pertussis vaccine (BP) formed a soluble factor that enhanced the glycosylation of IgE-binding factors during their biosynthesis, and provided the latter factors with the biologic activity to potentiate the IgE response. The present experiments demonstrated that pertussigen (leukocytosis-promoting factor) from BP induced normal rat spleen cells to form the glycosylation-enhancing factor. The same factor was obtained by incubation of normal spleen cells with 5 micrograms/ml, but not 2 micrograms/ml, concanavalin A. When normal rat mesenteric lymph node cells were incubated with the glycosylation-enhancing factor together with IgE, IgE-binding factors formed by the cells selectively potentiated the IgE response. The IgE-binding factors formed by the same cells upon incubation with IgE alone neither enhanced nor suppressed the IgE response. The glycosylation-enhancing factor changed the nature of IgE-binding factors formed by the rat-mouse T cell hybridoma, 23A4. IgE binding factors induced by IgE alone lacked affinity for lentil lectin, whereas those induced by IgE in the presence of the glycosylation-enhancing factor had affinity for the lectin. The cell source of the glycosylation-enhancing factor appeared to be W 3/25+ Fc gamma R+ T cells. The glycosylation-enhancing factor was protein in nature and had a m.w. of about 25,000. The factor had affinity for acid-treated Sepharose and could be recovered from the beads by elution with lactose. The factor was different from interleukin 2 with respect to both its affinity for galactose and its isoelectric point. PMID- 6601140 TI - Preliminary structural characterization of the leukocyte cell surface molecule recognized by monoclonal antibody TA-1. AB - TA-1 is a monoclonal antibody identifying a cell surface molecule with a broad distribution on normal and malignant human leukocytes. Preliminary structural studies performed by using radioimmunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that TA-1 recognizes a two-chain polypeptide of approximately 170 kilodaltons (KD) and 95 KD under reducing conditions. The same experiment conducted under nonreducing conditions yielded bands of approximately 155 KD and 110 KD, suggesting the existence of intrachain disulfide bonds in both subunits. Both polypeptide chains were labeled with tritiated sodium borohydride after treatment of cells with neuraminidase and galactose oxidase, thereby demonstrating that both were glycosylated. Tryptic peptide mapping indicated that the 170-KD and 95-KD subunits did not have significant homology in peptide composition. We are designating this newly defined human leukocyte bimolecular complex gp 170/95. PMID- 6601141 TI - Expression of a bone marrow-associated Ly-6 determinant on the T cell population expanding in the lymph nodes of the autoimmune mouse strain MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr. AB - In this report we describe the reactivity patterns of two monoclonal anti-Ly-6.2 antibodies toward lymph node (LN) cells of the autoimmune MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (lpr) and the normal congenic MRL/Mp-+/+ (+/+) mouse strains. The monoclonal antibody 34-11-3, which has previously been found to detect a LN-associated Ly-6.2 antigen, reacted with both lpr and +/+ LN cells. Another monoclonal antibody, 34 10-7, which has been demonstrated to detect a bone marrow- (BM) associated determinant, was found to react with a small proportion of +/+ LN cells and unexpectedly with a high percentage of lpr LN cells. The expression of this BM determinant found in the LN of lpr mice was age dependent, and its presence on Thy-1.2+ cells increased with the expansion of a subset of Lyt-1+2- cells. In contrast, dual labeling experiments showed that in +/+ and young lpr mice a small subset of Lyt-1+2+ cells express this BM-associated Ly6.2 determinant. Therefore these findings demonstrate that the lpr gene-dependent T cell expansion in the LN results in both aberrant expression and association of lymphocyte cell surface markers. PMID- 6601143 TI - Comparative structural analysis of HLA-A2 antigens distinguishable by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. II. Variant DK1: evidence for a discrete CTL recognition region. AB - Multiple amino acid sequence differences distinguish individual HLA antigens. Those residues important in immune recognition events have not been defined. Recent studies have identified HLA-A2 structural variants that, although serologically indistinguishable from other HLA-A2 antigens, are recognized poorly, if at all, by HLA-A2-restricted, influenza virus-immune, or HLA-A2 specific alloimmune CTL. In this study we utilize double-label tryptic peptide comparisons performed by both reverse-phase HPLC and cation exchange chromatography, in conjunction with conventional and microsequence analysis, to characterize the HLA-A2 heavy chains derived from variant DK1. We detect a single tryptic peptide that distinguishes DK1 HLA-A2 from the predominant HLA-A2 heavy chain species. This peptide spans residues 147 to 157 in the second heavy chain domain, and carries substitutions at positions 149, 152, and 156. Residues in this segment of the polypeptide are also altered in another HLA-A2 variant, as well as one H-2Kb mutant. Thus, this segment appears to be critical in forming determinants important in CTL recognition of class I antigens in general. On the basis of these and other results, we suggest that in contrast to recognition by alloantibodies, a discrete region of class I antigens may be crucial for CTL recognition. PMID- 6601142 TI - Biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans by epithelial and lymphocytic components of murine thymus. AB - Interactions between the epithelial and lymphocytic components of the thymus are required for T cell maturation, yet the molecular bases for these interactions remain elusive. In the development and function of other endodermally derived organs, glycosaminoglycan-containing proteins are known to play a critical role. In contrast, virtually nothing is known about the macromolecules that are major constituents of thymic interstitial spaces. For these reasons, we undertook metabolic labeling studies in vitro with D-(6-3H)glucosamine and 35SO4(-2) to begin to characterize systematically the relative amounts and types of glycosaminoglycans made by enriched subpopulations of cells within the thymus. Hydrocortisone, which depletes the thymus of 90% of its lymphocytes, was used both to enrich for epithelium-derived glycoconjugates and to determine if significant alterations in glycoconjugate metabolism accompany drug-induced premature thymic involution. Results indicate: 1) glycosaminoglycans account for a substantial proportion of the total glycoconjugates synthesized by both thymocytes and epithelium; 2) Glycosaminoglycans show a tissue-specific distribution. Hyaluronic acid is the major glycosaminoglycan synthesized by thymic epithelium, whereas it accounts for less than 15% of the total glycosaminoglycans made by thymocytes; 3) Similar proportions of sulfated glycosaminoglycans are made by thymic epithelium and thymocytes. Chondroitin sulfates predominate (75 to 90%) over heparan sulfates (10 to 25%). Chondroitin sulfates from both nonstimulated thymocytes and epithelium are nearly exclusively sulfated at the 4-position of their N-acetylgalactosamine residues; 4) The major high m.w. glycoconjugate of thymocytes, however, is nonsulfated and is resistant to pronase, hyaluronidase, chondroitinase ABC, nitrous acid, keratanase, and neuraminidase; 5) Although hydrocortisone treatment causes a dramatic inhibitory effect on the incorporation of radioactivity into smaller oligosaccharide side chains by "cortisone-resistant" thymocytes, the drug exerts negligible effects on the metabolism of glycoconjugates by epithelium. These data, which quantify and categorize the complex arrays of glycoconjugates synthesized by the major cell types of the thymus, establish the necessary foundations for further investigations into the functional roles of these glycoconjugates in thymic epithelium-induced maturation of T lymphocytes. PMID- 6601144 TI - Interleukin 2 dependence of human natural killer (NK) cell activity. AB - When purified populations of human natural killer (NK) cells were tested for cytotoxic activity in the presence of partially purified preparations of human interleukin 2 (IL 2), a definite, dose-dependent linear increase in reactivity was observed. To determine whether such augmentation by IL 2 might reflect an important aspect of the physiologic regulation of NK activity, we examined the effects of monoclonal antibodies against human IL 2 on spontaneous NK activity. The presence of such antibodies during the 4-hr cytotoxicity assay resulted in significant inhibition of NK activity, and when the NK cells were pretreated for 16 to 20 hr with anti-IL 2, little or no activity remained. These data suggest that the spontaneous cytotoxic activity of NK cells is dependent on their continued exposure to IL 2. The reduction in NK activity resulting from treatment with anti-IL 2 could be at least partially restored by exposure to only low amounts of partially purified IL 2. These data have provided the basis for formulating a novel model of NK cell activation. PMID- 6601145 TI - Induction of B lymphocyte proliferation by monoclonal anti-Lyb 2 antibody. AB - Monoclonal antibody to Lyb 2, a differentiation antigen present on all B cells, has been used to study the role of Lyb 2 molecules in B cell activation. Monoclonal anti-Lyb 2 antibody (m-anti-Lyb 2) transforms resting B cells into blast cells and induces proliferation in these activated B cells. The proliferative response to anti-Lyb 2 is a property of the Lyb 5+ subset of B cells, since the antibody fails to stimulate B cells from mice expressing the CBA/N immune defect. B cells activated by anti-Lyb 2 mature into antibody secreting cells in the added presence of T cell-replacing factors contained in the supernatants from concanavalin A-activated T cells. Thus, Lyb 2 molecules may participate in the delivery of stimulatory signals during the early phases of B lymphocyte activation. PMID- 6601146 TI - The adjuvanticity of interleukin 1 in vivo. AB - Interleukin 1 (IL 1) was shown to enhance in vivo secondary antibody responses of mice to a protein antigen. The activity was found to be dose and time dependent. The maximum enhancing effect was obtained with 2000 LAF units of IL 1 given 2 hr after the priming dose of antigen. The observation is consistent with the in vitro immunoenhancing activities of IL 1 and strongly suggests that this protein may be an important mediator of host defense responses, as well as of the stimulatory effects of some adjuvants. PMID- 6601147 TI - The fate of interleukin-2 after in vivo administration. AB - Interleukin 2 (IL 2) activity was measured in the serum of mice, using a bioassay, following various methods of IL 2 administration. IL 2 has a serum half life of 3.7 min +/- 0.8 min (mean +/- SD) in mice after i.v. injection, and a serum IL 2 titer of 2 units/ml could be sustained for less than 30 min after injection of highly concentrated IL 2 solutions. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of similar amounts of IL 2 prolonged the duration of serum IL 2 activity at greater than 2 units/ml for 2 and 6 hr, respectively. Administration of IL 2 in a gelatin base was capable of sustaining serum IL 2 levels at greater than 2 units/ml for up to 16 hr. The reason for the short in vivo half-life of i.v. injected IL 2 was studied. No inhibitors of IL 2 could be detected in our cell growth assay of IL 2 activity. Exposure of IL 2 to mouse blood or serum had no impact on IL 2 titers. To evaluate the possibility that IL 2 was binding to lymphoid cells in vivo, the fate of IL 2 was studied in nude mice, in mice 4 days after 1000 rads total body irradiation, and in splenectomized mice. The serum half-life in these modified mice was identical to that in normal mice. The kidney appeared to be the main site of IL 2 clearance. The rates of IL 2 disappearance in mice rose from a control T 1/2 of 2.5 to 3.5 min in sham-operated animals to up to 84 min in mice with ligated renal pedicles. IL 2 was not excreted in an active form in the urine and ureteral ligation had only a small effect on the serum half-life of IL 2, implying probable renal tubular catabolism of filtered IL 2. PMID- 6601148 TI - Soluble factors involved in B cell differentiation: identification of two distinct T cell-replacing factors (TRF). AB - Highly purified B lymphocytes cultured with affinity-purified goat anti-mouse IgM antibodies and B cell growth factor (BCGF) proliferate but fail to differentiate into immunoglobulin-synthesizing cells during 4-day cultures. Induction of immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis depends on the presence of two additional T cell derived factors (T cell-replacing factors [TRF]). One TRF, designated B15 1K 12 TRF, is found in the supernatant of B15 1K 12 T hybridoma cells. It is required relatively early in these cultures and appears to cause an increase in cell yield as well as Ig synthesis. The second factor, designated EL-TRF, is found in PMA induced EL-4 supernatant. It appears to be different from both BCGF and IL 2 in that it can be separated from the former by isoelectric focusing and from the latter by phenyl-Sepharose chromatography. EL-TRF is still active if added on the last day of a 4-day culture. A model for the action of anti-IgM and these three T cell-derived factors in B cell activation and differentiation is proposed. PMID- 6601149 TI - Identification and in situ localization of the "thymic nurse cell" in man. AB - The observation of the "thymic nurse cell" (TNC), a reticuloepithelial cell with intracytoplasmic lymphocytes, in suspension of murine thymic tissue prompted us to investigate the existence of this cell in cell suspension, as well as in tissue sections of the human thymus. TNC-like cells were enriched in suspension by enzymatic disintegration of thymic tissue and 1 X G sedimentation over 50% fetal calf serum gradients. TNC-like cells were negative for lysosomal enzymes: in this respect, as well as in light microscopic morphology, the cells were different from tissue macrophages with intracytoplasmic lymphocytes. In electron microscopy, TNC-like cells showed reticuloepithelial characteristics. In 1-micron tissue sections, clusters of lymphocytes with a possible reticuloepithelial nucleus were observed close to blood capillaries in the cortical area. Ultrastructural analysis confirmed the epithelial nature of this cell, as well as its location adjacent to blood capillaries. We concluded that there is in situ existence of TNC in man. This observation enables studies on the role of TNC in intrathymic T cell maturation. PMID- 6601150 TI - Isolation and characterization of a CNBr cleavage peptide of influenza viral hemagglutinin stimulatory for mouse cytolytic T lymphocytes. AB - A polypeptide fragment obtained by CNBr cleavage of the hemagglutinin from A/JAPAN/305/57 influenza virus has been purified by using high performance liquid chromatography. The first five N-terminal amino acids as determined by sequential Edman degradations have localized this peptide to the HA2 subunit of the hemagglutinin between residues 103 and 123. This peptide, denoted HA2(103-23), can generate both proliferative and cytolytic responses from spleen cells of BALB/c mice previously immunized with A/JAPAN/305/57. These results demonstrate that a single nonglycosylated fragment of the influenza hemagglutinin as small as 21 amino acid residues is capable of being recognized as an antigenic determinant to generate influenza CTL from primed precursors. PMID- 6601151 TI - Sezary syndrome. I. Specific skin-directed migration of peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - The in vitro migration of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from Sezary syndrome (SS) patients and from controls was studied using a migration assay under agar. Only PBL from SS patients migrate to normal allogeneic skin. This migration is organ specific. It requires the integrity of lymphocyte membrane receptors. Serum factors are not involved. Studies of the nature of these migrating lymphocytes using monoclonal antibodies suggest that they belong to a subset of helper T cells. These data indicate a functional impairment of SS lymphocytes, which enables them to respond to a skin-derived signal. PMID- 6601152 TI - Ultraviolet radiation inhibits human natural killer activity and lymphocyte proliferation. AB - Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has been implicated in the predisposition to certain neoplasms and leads to viral reactivation. Natural killer (NK) activity may play a role in immunosurveillance and response to certain viral infections. We have evaluated the sensitivity to UVR of human NK activity, a nonproliferative function, and the proliferative response to the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA). In vitro exposure to UVR resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of NK activity and response to PHA. The wavelength dependence for UVR inhibition of NK activity and of the PHA response of lymphocytes were virtually superimposable at wavelengths at or above 300 nm, but NK activity was less sensitive to UVR at 260 and 280 nm. Maximal sensitivity for both functions was found at 260 nm, consistent with a nucleic acid chromophore mediating UVR inhibition of both activities. The DNA-directed drugs mitomycin C, acridine orange, and adriamycin at concentrations that inhibit proliferation are poor inhibitors of NK activity. These results suggest that UVR inhibition of NK activity as well as proliferation may be mediated by a nucleic acid chromophore. NK activity, however, is less sensitive to direct damage of DNA by alkylation, distortion, or oxidation. At 300 nm, the amount of radiation required to inhibit NK activity and proliferation is within the range penetrating to the dermis and capillaries during environmental exposure to sunlight. PMID- 6601153 TI - An improved technique for separating rosetted from non-rosetted lymphocytes. AB - An improved technique for separating rosetted from non-rosetted lymphocytes is described. The major advantage of this new technique is the elimination of the need to mechanically resuspend the cell pellet resulting from the rosette formation step before using a density gradient to separate the rosetted from the non-rosetted cells. Instead the rosette containing cell pellet is directly overlayed with Percoll at a density of 1.078 g/ml and during a subsequent centrifugation the non-rosetted cells float to the surface of the Percoll while the rosetted cells remain in the cell pellet. The utility of this technique is illustrated by separating human T lymphocytes forming rosettes with neuraminidase treated sheep erythrocytes (En) from other mononuclear cells obtained by Ficoll Hypaque separation of whole blood. Using several markers the resulting T cells were contaminated with less than 0.3% monocytes and 2% B cells. The non-T cell population contained less than 3% T cells. This method offers a rapid and easily reproducible means for obtaining highly purified cell populations. PMID- 6601154 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for anti-DNA antibodies using fluorogenic and colorigenic substrates. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is described for the assay of anti-DNA antibodies. The method employs plastic surface for immobilization of the antigen and alkaline phosphatase-linked rabbit anti-human IgG for the detection of immune complex using PNP-P and 4MU-P as substrates. The sensitivity of the assay increased by as much as 16-fold when fluorogenic substrate was used instead of conventional PNP-P and could therefore be employed for the detection of low avidity antibodies. Using PNP-P as substrate 57% of SLE patients were positive for DNA antibody, but if 4MU-P was introduced as substrate, 71% gave a positive response. Moreover, using a fluorogenic substrate, it was possible to minimise the amount of antigen (2 nM bp). The technique is simple, reproducible and of high sensitivity. PMID- 6601155 TI - Enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay for detection of colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1). AB - An enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed for the quantitative measurement of L-cell colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1). According to this method, purified antigen (CSF-1) was allowed to adsorb to polystyrene or polyvinyl microtiter wells, which were then incubated with specific rat anti-CSF 1 antiserum with or without standard antigen or unknown test samples. The amount of antibody bound to the solid phase was then quantitated by enzyme (horseradish peroxidase)-conjugated rabbit anti-rat immunoglobulin antibody. This assay has a sensitivity comparable to that of the bioassay (approximately 5 U) and can be carried out in a single day. PMID- 6601156 TI - In vitro studies of the rabbit immune system. VIII. The production of rabbit T cell growth factor (TCGF) and its relationship to mouse and human TCGF. AB - Rabbit spleen cells (1 X 10(6)/ml) stimulated with Con A (2.5 micrograms/ml) begin producing T cell growth factor (TCGF) activity within 2-3 h at 37 degrees C and reach a plateau after 20-24 h. Lymphocytes from the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) also produce TCGF activity but require higher lectin and/or cell concentrations for optimal production. TCGF generation by MLN can be improved by including a small proportion of spleen cells (10-40%). Rabbit lymphocytes also produce TCGF in serum-free, protein-free medium, but the Con A concentration must be reduced to 0.5-1.25 micrograms/ml. Rabbit TCGF activity eluted from gel filtration columns at a volume equivalent to approximately 15,000 molecular weight, similar to human TCGF activity. However, when rabbit, mouse and human TCGFs were compared for their ability to support proliferation by activated cells from the 3 species, rabbit and mouse TCGFs appeared more similar. In all cases, the homologous combinations of cells and TCGF were most efficient. Human TCGF would support some proliferative activity in all 3 cell types but rabbit and mouse TCGFs failed to support the growth of human cells. PMID- 6601157 TI - False positive results in class-specific rheumatoid factor (RF) assays due to interaction between RF and Fc fragments of anti-immunoglobulin indicator reagents. AB - A recently developed, simple immunological method, diffusion-in-gel ELISA, has been adapted for class-specific determination of rheumatoid factor (RF). Evidence was obtained of an analytical error due to interaction between RF and antigenic determinants on the Fc part of the indicator immunoglobulin (Ig) molecules used. This was eliminated by replacing the usual indicator reagent, complete Ig molecules, by conjugated Fab or F(ab')2 fragments. The findings imply that unless the RF-Fc interaction mentioned is avoided in the assaying technique, false positive results may be obtained for, e.g. IgG RF and IgA RF in sera containing IgM RF. PMID- 6601158 TI - Reproducible dissociation of cellular aggregates with a wide range of calibrated shear forces: application to cytolytic lymphocyte target cell conjugates. AB - This paper describes a simple methodology that allows reproducible generation of calibrated shear flows over a wide range (100-fold) of shear rates. This was illustrated by studying the dissociation by shear of alloimmune lymphocyte-target cell conjugates; mixtures of target tumor cells and immune lymphocytes of the same H-2 haplotype were used as controls. Also, current methods of cell agitation (vortexing and aspirating with a Pasteur pipette) were compared with calibrated shearing. Three conclusions are suggested: (i) there is a wide range of resistance of lymphocyte target cell bonds, without any clearcut separation between weak and strong association. Hence any study made on this (and most probably other types of) intercellular adhesion is dependent on the arbitrary definition of 'bound' cells: such a definition should be as absolute as possible, especially when rosetting assays are performed to study different subsets of immunologically competent cells, and when results obtained in different laboratories are compared. (ii) There is no clearcut separation between the strength of specific and nonspecific interactions, there is thus no simple way of using shearing forces to selectively eliminate the latter. (iii) The methods described should help to study the mechanism of immunological processes involving intercellular contacts such as cell-mediated cytotoxicity or antigen-induced lymphocyte activation. PMID- 6601159 TI - In vitro sterilization of T lymphocyte lines infected with bacteria. AB - Rat T lymphocyte lines in culture contaminated with bacteria can be sterilized by a simple manoeuvre. The infected T cells are crudely separated from the bulk of contaminating organisms in an albumin density gradient. They are completely sterilized after overnight culture in medium containing 20% fresh serum from a conventionally kept adult rat in the presence of irradiated syngeneic adherent spleen cells. PMID- 6601160 TI - The in vitro production of chimeric murine thymus from nonlymphoid embryonic precursors. AB - A simplified technique for the production of chimeric thymus completely in vitro from the third pharyngeal pouch (TPP) of 10-day mouse embryos has been examined. The results are similar to those obtained by a more cumbersome technique published by others. This modified technique permits the production of large numbers of synchronized chimeric thymuses, so that sufficient numbers of thymocytes are available for multiple functional assays. TPP may also be maintained in culture, then grafted into normal or thymectomized, irradiated, fetal liver-reconstituted hosts where they undergo development into histologically normal lymphoid thymic tissue. PMID- 6601161 TI - A rapid screening assay for detection of IgE-binding factors in humans. AB - During the last few years studies in rats and mice have demonstrated IgE-binding factors, some of which have IgE-selective regulatory activities. This prompted us to develop a rapid, sensitive screening assay for measuring IgE-binding factors in humans. The principle of the assay is to measure the degree of inhibition of binding between anti-human IgE antibodies and human IgE. Thus, 200 pg IgE plus testing samples were added to each well precoated with anti-human IgE antiserum. After an overnight incubation, the wells were washed and radiolabeled anti-IgE antibodies were added to the wells. Under the optimum conditions, the assay can detect 10(-11)M anti-human IgE antibodies. With this assay, we have been able to detect IgE-binding factors in the supernatants of 2 human B cell lines which bear Fc receptors for IgE (FcR epsilon) on their surface membranes (e.g., WIL-2 and RPMI 8866), but not in the supernatants of DAUDI cells (a human cell line without FcR epsilon). Furthermore, the IgE-binding factors of WIL-2 cells were specifically adsorbed to, and eluted from, IgE-coupled Sepharose, but not BSA Sepharose. These findings prove that the inhibition factors are indeed human IgE binding factors, and that the assay described herein is a specific and sensitive screening assay for detecting human IgE-binding factors. PMID- 6601162 TI - Cell affinity chromatography with ligands immobilized through cleavable mercury sulfur bonds. AB - A new methodology for cell separation by affinity chromatography is described. We have conjugated the organomercurial mersalyl to trisacryl beads bearing primary amino groups. Thiolated ligands can be immobilized on this matrix through cleavable Hg-S bonds. Two model studies of cell separation are reported: (i) concanavalin A thiolated with N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio)-propionate and immobilized on mersalyl-trisacryl; mouse thymocytes bound to Con A-mersalyl trisacryl were eluted from the support by short thiol treatment which preserved cell viability; (ii) anti-dinitrophenyl antibodies modified with S-acetyl mercaptosuccinic anhydride and immobilized on mersalyl-trisacryl; sheep erythrocytes, previously labelled with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, bound to this support and were easily recovered by thiol treatment without hemolysis. This methodology should overcome difficulties frequently encountered in cell affinity chromatography. Cell support multivalent interactions or high affinity of cell ligand bindings often require drastic elution conditions which prevent viable cell recovery. PMID- 6601163 TI - Enumeration of human lymphocyte subpopulations by immunofluorescence: a comparative study using automated flow microfluorometry and fluorescence microscopy. AB - These studies reveal that the enumeration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells by fluorescence microscopy and automated flow microfluorometry show a high degree of correlation whether the cells came from normals, individuals with common variable immunodeficiency, chronic lymphocytic leukemia of B cell origin or chronic lymphocytic leukemia of T cell origin. There was excellent agreement between these two methods when counting positive cells stained by the pan-T monoclonal antibodies OKT3 and Leu-1, the helper T reagents OKT4 and Leu-3a, and the suppressor T antibodies OKT8 and Leu-2a. The values obtained for B cells using a pan-B (HB-2) cell antibody analyzed by fluorescence microscopy and automated flow microfluorometry gave a correlation coefficient of 0.86. The percentage of cells identified by antibodies with reactivities toward peripheral blood monocytes (MMA or Leu-M1), the HLA-DR determinant, and HNK-1 (Leu-7) positive cells gave correlation coefficients of 0.90, 0.90, and 0.80 respectively when compared by the 2 methods mentioned above. These data suggest that comparable values for lymphocyte subpopulations in human blood samples can be obtained using the most convenient and available technology. PMID- 6601164 TI - On the fidelity of the lactoperoxidase method of cell membrane radioiodination: an electron microscopic autoradiographic study. AB - The radiolabelling of human peripheral blood lymphocytes by lactoperoxidase catalysed iodination using 2 different sources of hydrogen peroxide has been compared using electron microscopic autoradiography. A method of statistical analysis of the autoradiographs has permitted precise identification of radioactive sources, in particular cellular compartments, taking into account cross-fire of Auger electrons producing silver grains in compartments other than those from which they are emitted. Our data confirm the postulates of previous investigators that the majority of radioiodine is located at the plasma membrane of cells labelled by enzymic iodination. The results further suggest that the glucose-glucose oxidase system for generation of hydrogen peroxide permits a greater degree of specific radiolabelling of plasma membrane proteins with less damage than equivalent lactoperoxidase iodination reactions promoted by exogenously added hydrogen peroxide. PMID- 6601165 TI - A non-toxic preparation of muscle acetylcholine receptor for lymphocyte proliferation studies. AB - An in vitro assay which measures the proliferation response of primed murine lymph node cells of fetal calf acetylcholine receptor (AchR) is described. The character of the AChR preparation is critical. The use of reagents such as proteases, metabolic inhibitors and detergents may markedly reduce the mitotic activity of cultured lymphocytes. Among protease inhibitors phenyl methyl sulfonyl fluoride (PMFS) had no effect on phytohemagglutinin (PHA) induced stimulation while iodoacetamide (IAA) at a concentration of 0.01% significantly decreased PHA activation of lymphocytes. EDTA was inhibitory at a concentration of 2 x 10(-4) M. The effect of different non-ionic detergents in the PHA responsiveness was also evaluated. Tween 20 and Tween 80 were the least toxic. These findings for AChR may be relevant to preparation of other integral membrane proteins for assay of cellular immunity. PMID- 6601166 TI - T cell binding to B lymphoid cell lines in humans: a marker for T-B cell interaction? AB - Binding of human circulating T cells to established normal and malignant B cell lines results in rosette formation. The percentage of B cells, circulating T cells, and thymocytes able to bind to the B-LCL Raji were 0%, 59 +/- 4% and 61 +/ 6%, respectively. The percentage of rosettes formed between Raji cells and circulating mononuclear cells from 92 normal individuals was 27.8 +/- 5.3%, and remained stable over several months. This phenomenon seems to involve relatively mature B cells, and a T cell marker which appears early in T cell ontogeny. In the peripheral blood, most of the B-LCL binding T cells exhibit a 'helper inducer' phenotype, as determined with the monoclonal antibodies Leu 3a and OKT4. However, a significant percentage of T cells with so-called 'cytotoxic suppressor' markers (Leu 2a and OKT8) also bind to B-LCL. The T cells involved in this morphological interactive reaction with B cells might conceivably be specifically involved in regulating B cell functions. Enumeration of this particular subset may be useful in conditions where abnormal T-B cell interactions are suspected. PMID- 6601167 TI - Aberrations in T-cell subpopulations in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. AB - Peripheral blood T-cell subpopulations and B-cell numbers from 25 patients with uncomplicated psoriasis and 22 patients with psoriatic arthritis were compared with those of 24 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers and 11 patients with radiologically defined erosive osteoarthritis. The numbers of early and late rosettes were found to be reduced in patients with psoriasis, with and without arthritis, while the total T-cell population (measured by aminoethylthiouronium bromide-rosettes) was found to be normal. There was no difference in the number of B cells between psoriatic patients and controls. Dose-response studies of mitogen stimulation with phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A revealed generally higher proliferative responses in the psoriatic patients only at supraoptimal concentrations. The pokeweed mitogen response, however, was reduced in patients with cutaneous psoriasis and increased in patients with psoriatic arthritis. These studies further support the concept of an immunologic imbalance in lymphocyte populations from patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. PMID- 6601168 TI - Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus: the retrovirus of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. AB - Human T (thymus-derived)-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV) is a new retrovirus first isolated from T-cell lines from a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma from the southeastern United States. Closely related viruses have since been isolated from several patients with adult T-cell leukemia and lymphoma (and some normal persons) from different areas of the world. HTLV is not a genetically transmitted endogenous virus of humans, but it rather is acquired by postzygotic infection. Natural antibodies to several purified viral proteins have been observed in infected individuals. HTLV is transmissible in vitro to human cord blood T cells, and infection results in an increased growth rate, a reduced requirement for (and often independence from) T-cell growth factor, and an abrogation of the crisis period that usually occurs a month after the establishment of normal T-cell cultures. These data suggest that HTLV is the etiologic agent in some human cases of leukemia and lymphoma. PMID- 6601169 TI - Novel resistance selected by the new expanded-spectrum cephalosporins: a concern. PMID- 6601170 TI - A natural source of infection due to pneumocystis carinii. PMID- 6601171 TI - Flexible sigmoidoscopy in community practice. PMID- 6601172 TI - Immune response in experimentally induced uremia. V. Description of a model for chronic uremia in the rat that produces a long-term suppressive effect on T cell responses to mitogens. AB - This study describes a model for chronic uremia in the rat that produces a long term suppressive effect on T cell responses to mitogens. We have found that (1) chronically uremic rats have significantly higher serum creatine levels than control rats and lymphocytopenia at all intervals tested after induction of uremia up to 4 1/2 months; (2) at all times tested after induction of uremia, the response of spleen cells from uremic rats to the T cell mitogens ConA and PHA was significantly suppressed as compared to control rats; (3) the severely suppressed response to PHA at all intervals tested after induction of uremia was eliminated by the removal of adherent spleen cells; and (4) adherent spleen cells, PMo, and AMo from chronically uremic rats are significantly more suppressive to control T cells than the corresponding control cells at all intervals tested after induction of uremia. Thus this animal model for chronic uremia is stable for at least 4 1/2 months and the effect of uremia on the response of lymphocytes to mitogens as well as on regulatory cells is not transient. Therefore this animal model can be used to study the effect of chronic uremia on the various parameters of the immune response. PMID- 6601173 TI - Serum prolactin levels in normal and in infertile Thai women. PMID- 6601174 TI - Lymphokine-activated killer cell phenomenon. II. Precursor phenotype is serologically distinct from peripheral T lymphocytes, memory cytotoxic thymus derived lymphocytes, and natural killer cells. AB - Culture of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in partially purified and lectin-free interleukin 2 results in the generation of cytotoxic effector cells which have the unique property of lysing natural killer (NK)-resistant fresh human tumor cells. We have termed these effector cells "lymphokine- activated killer" cells (LAK). LAK are generated from both normal and cancer patients' PBL and are able to lyse both autologous and allogeneic tumor cells from all histologic tumor types tested. Our previous studies suggested that the LAK phenomenon was distinct from either the cytotoxic thymus-derived lymphocyte (CTL) or NK systems based on a variety of criteria. This study reports that the cell type involved is also distinct, as determined by phenotypic characteristics. The LAK effector cell phenotype was analyzed in parallel with alloimmune CTL, and LAK were found to be similarly susceptible to the monoclonal anti-T cell antibodies OKT-3 or OKT-8 plus complement. In contrast the LAK precursor was not susceptible to the OKT-3 or Leu-1 antibodies plus complement, while the ability to generate alloimmune CTL was totally obliterated when tested using the same PBL responder population; in fact, generation of LAK was found to be augmented five- to sixfold, clearly suggesting that LAK precursor cells are not T lymphocytes as defined by these antibodies. LAK precursors were found to be abundant in NK cell enriched Percoll gradient fractions, which had been depleted of the 29 degrees C E- rosetting "high affinity" T cells. However, LAK precursors were found to be distinct from the majority of NK cells since lysis of fresh PBL with the monoclonal antibodies OKM-1, Leu-7, or OKT-11 significantly depleted or totally eliminated NK activity, while subsequent activation of the remaining cells generated high levels of LAK and in some cases augmented levels of LAK. LAK precursors were found to be distributed in the thymus, bone marrow, spleen, lymph node, and thoracic duct in addition to the PBL. Therefore, while the cell(s) responsible for activation and expression of LAK activity have some common features with the classic T cell-mediated CTL and NK cell systems, the LAK precursor cells are clearly distinct as determined by phenotype analysis using monoclonal antibodies and complement, and at present must be classified as a "null" cell. PMID- 6601175 TI - The major histocompatibility complex-restricted antigen receptor on T cells. I. Isolation with a monoclonal antibody. AB - An antibody-secreting B cell hybridoma, KJ1-26.1, has been prepared from mice immunized with the T cell hybridoma DO-11.10, which recognizes chicken ovalbumin in association with I-Ad (cOVA/I-Ad). KJ1-26.1 blocks I-restricted antigen recognition by DO-11.10 and a subclone of this T cell hybridoma, DO-11.10.24, which has the same specificity for cOVA/I-Ad as its parent. KJ1-26.1 does not block I-restricted antigen recognition by any other T cell hybridoma tested, including a number of T cell hybridomas closely related to DO-11.10, with similar, but not identical, specificities for antigen/I. Moreover, KJ1-26.1 binds to DO-11.10 and DO-11.10.24, but not to any other T cell hybridomas tested, including three subclones of DO-11.10 that have lost the ability to recognize cOVA/I-Ad. Thus, in every regard KJ1-26.1 appears to be binding to all or part of the receptors for antigen/I on the T cell hybridoma DO-11.10. KJ1-26.1 appears to bind to approximately 15,000 molecules/cell on the surface of DO-11.10. The antibody precipitates an 80,000 dimer from the cells, which on reduction migrates as 40-44,000 monomers. The receptor(s) for antigen/I on DO-11.10 therefore includes molecules with these properties. PMID- 6601177 TI - Interaction of C4-binding protein with cell-bound C4b. A quantitative analysis of binding and the role of C4-binding protein in proteolysis of cell-bound C4b. AB - Purified C4-binding protein (C4-bp) was shown to bind to cell-bound C4b by radioactive tracer techniques. With EAC4 bearing greater than 3,000 C4b molecules/cell, the number of C4-bp molecules bound was directly proportional to the number of C4b molecule on the cell surface; EAC4 bearing less than 3,000 C4b molecules/cell bound a very small amount of C4-bp. Scatchard analysis of binding of C4-bp indicated an equilibrium constant of 4.6 X 10(8) L/M and a maximum of 0.43 C4-bp molecules bound per C4b molecule, equivalent to an average of one molecule of C4-bp per two or three molecules of C4b. Fluid-phase C4b inhibited the binding of C4-bp to cell-bound C4b in a dose-dependent manner, whereas native C4 had little effect. C2 inhibited this binding and also released C4-bp from EAC4,C4-bp. However, C2 was 27 times less effective than unlabeled C4-bp on a molar basis and a considerable amount of C4-bp remained bound to C4b on the cell surface even in the presence of a large excess of C2. We also examined the cofactor activity of C4-bp in the cleavage of cell-bound C4b by C3b/C4b inactivator (I). Cleavage of the alpha' chain of C4b on the cell surface by I alone was incomplete and an intermediate cleavage product, alpha-75, was observed. When C4-bp bound to C4b on the cell surface, the alpha' chain of the C4b cleaved into three fragments, alpha 2, alpha 3, and alpha 4. The alpha 3, alpha 4, beta, and gamma peptides (C4c) were released into the fluid phase, and the alpha 2 fragment (C4d) remained linked covalently to the cell membrane via an ester bond. In some situations, therefore, C4-bp enhances the proteolytic activity of I on cell-bound C4b. PMID- 6601178 TI - Regulation of tadpole spinal nerve fiber growth by the regenerating limb blastema in tissue culture. AB - Explants of frog tadpole spinal cord cocultured with blastemas of regenerating hindlimbs provide in vitro evidence that the mesenchymelike cells of the blastema may serve to elicit nerve fiber growth and sprouting into the limb stump. The present study indicates that (1) blastemal mesenchyme results in enhanced, directed nerve fiber growth and its extended survival in defined tissue culture medium; (2) the amount of nerve growth decreases in the presence of blastemas from limbs incapable of complete regeneration; and (3) the quantity of nerve fiber outgrowth decreases as the developmental stage of the spinal cord increases. It is hypothesized that one of the requisites for limb regeneration is the production of a distal population of dedifferentiated cells capable of eliciting nerve fiber outgrowth from competent neural tissue in an amount that is sufficient to promote nerve-dependent regeneration. PMID- 6601176 TI - Genetic and temporal control of neonatal antibody expression. AB - Two hybridoma cell lines were established with B cells derived from neonatal BALB/c spleen cells. The anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) antibodies derived from these lines were characterized with respect to their isotype, affinity, and isoelectric point. Antiidiotypic reagents were prepared that permit an analysis of the representation of antibodies sharing idiotype with these two hybridomas in the developing and mature B cell pool of BALB/c mice (Igha) and other murine strains. One of the two antibodies, TF2-36, was found to be indistinguishable from 14% of anti-DNP monoclonal antibodies derived in fragment culture from spleen cells of 1 4-d-old BALB/c donors. B cells expressing this idiotype were found to represent approximately 2% of the anti-DNP-specific repertoire after the 1st wk of neonatal development and into adulthood. The second hybridoma antibody, TF2-76, was found to be expressed at very low levels during the first several days of neonatal development; however, B cells expressing this idiotype increased in frequency during the 2nd wk of neonatal development representing 7% of all DNP-responsive B cells 12-13 d after birth. The proportion of B cells expressing this idiotype also decreased to approximately 2% in adults. The relatively late appearance of B cells bearing this idiotype was confirmed by their susceptibility to tolerance induction after the 1st wk of neonatal development. Both the early neonatal clonotype, TF2-36, and the late neonatal antibody clonotype, TF2-76, were found to be expressed in a similar fashion in F1 mice constructed between Igha and Ighb parentals, but both were expressed at very low levels during the development of Ighb mice. Thus, the control of the magnitude of expression of these neonatal clonotypes appears to be associated with the Igh locus. PMID- 6601179 TI - Elimination of endogenous xenotropic retroviruses from peritoneal macrophages in virus-induced T cell lymphoma. AB - Peritoneal macrophages did not support the replication of 136 . 7 and 4SP, T cell lymphoma-inducing viruses, either in vivo or in vitro. Interestingly, endogenous xenotropic viruses, which were detected in more than 50% of the tested samples of peritoneal macrophages of normal C57BL/6 mice, were eliminated from peritoneal macrophages removed from 136 . 7- or 4SP-inoculated, T cell lymphoma-bearing mice. This elimination occurred about 2 weeks after virus inoculation. X irradiation (400 rads) seemed to accelerate the elimination of xenotropic viruses from the peritoneal macrophages of mice inoculated with the radiation-dependent variant, the 4SP virus. The significance of this elimination of viruses from macrophages following inoculation with T cell lymphoma-inducing viruses is discussed. PMID- 6601180 TI - Protection of mice from fatal herpes simplex virus type 1 infection by adoptive transfer of cloned virus-specific and H-2-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - A cloned culture of secondary anti-herpes simplex virus (anti-HSV) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) generated in vitro when adoptively transferred to intact or cyclophosphamide (CP) pretreated syngeneic mice protected the recipients from death following intraperitoneal infection with HSV-1. This in vivo protective effect conferred by anti-HSV CTL was virus-specific and H-2K/D-restricted. Twenty four h after HSV-1 infection of BALB/c mice (intact or CP-pretreated) relatively high levels of serum interferon-gamma were observed in the recipients of syngeneic anti-HSV CTL and this event may explain, at least in part, the CTL mediated protective effect. PMID- 6601181 TI - The effects of nerve growth factor on polyamine metabolism in PC12 cells. AB - Nerve growth factor treatment produces a large increase in the activity of ornithine decarboxylase and a moderate decrease in the activity of S adenosylmethionine decarboxylase in PC12 cells. These changes are reflected weakly, if at all, in the levels of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine in the cells. The rates of polyamine synthesis are increased somewhat more than the overall levels, but still are not comparable in extent to the increase in the ornithine decarboxylase activity. Inhibitors of ornithine decarboxylase and S adenosylmethionine decarboxylase have their expected effects on the induction of ornithine decarboxylase and on the activities of both enzymes. Neither inhibitor alone, nor a combination of inhibitors, altered the rate or extent of nerve growth factor-induced neurite outgrowth in the cells. PMID- 6601182 TI - Comparative study of the proteinase inhibitor pattern in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. AB - After concentration the alpha 1-proteinase inhibitors (Pi) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were separated by isoelectric focusing. The relative amounts of the different Pi components in the CSF were compared with those in the serum of the same donor. The Pi components were identified by crossed isoelectric focusing. Most of the serum Pi components could be detected in the CSF but their relative proportions in serum and CSF differed considerably. The typical serum Pi patterns observed for different phenotypes were not reflected in the CSF. In cases when CSF protein levels were abnormally high alterations of the CSF Pi pattern were observed, i.e. the proportions of at least some of the Pi components approached those in serum. It is concluded that CSF Pi components originate from the serum and that a highly selective blood-CSF barrier function results in a considerable alteration of the concentration pattern. It has been shown by crossed isoelectric focusing technique that at least two proteins acting as Pi in serum do not exert antiproteolytic activity in CSF. Consequently, in CSF these Pi components may have been chemically modified, resulting in an alteration of the acceptor sites but not of the isoelectric point of the inhibitor molecule. PMID- 6601183 TI - Organization of electrical coupling between frog lumbar motoneurons. AB - 1. The organization of electrical coupling between lumbar motoneurons in the isolated frog spinal cord was investigated. Intracellular recordings were made from unidentified and identified thigh muscle motoneurons in segment 9. Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) elicited by stimulation of individual muscle nerves with dorsal roots cut (VR-EPSPs) were observed when the cord was perfused with either normal frog Ringer solution or calcium-free Ringer solution containing 2, 2.5, or 5 mM magnesium. 2. The VR-EPSPs recorded following stimulation of the homonymous muscle nerve were greater in amplitude and occurred with a shorter latency than the VR-EPSPs observed following stimulation of muscle nerves to different muscles. In addition, the latter VR-EPSPs had a shorter half decay time. 3. Electrical connections made by motoneurons innervating synergistic muscles had a similar distribution, as indicated by the linear correlation observed between the amplitudes of VR-EPSPs in the same motoneuron elicited by stimulation of muscle nerves innervating synergistic muscles. No such linear correlation was observed between VR-EPSP amplitudes when muscle nerves innervating antagonistic muscles were stimulated. 4. Small-amplitude, spikelike potentials were often observed on top of the muscle nerve VR-EPSPs. In the case of VR-EPSPs elicited by stimulation of muscle nerves not containing the axon from the recorded motoneuron, the spikelike component accounted for a major part of the response. These spikelike potentials had a rapid time course (half-decay time, 2.5-5.9 ms) and in a few cases were observed to be all or none. These observations are consistent with dendritic action potentials in the recorded motoneuron as well as electrotonic coupling between a small number of neurons close to the recording site in the impaled motoneuron. 5. These results are interpreted to mean that a high degree of specificity exists in the organization of electrical coupling among frog lumbar motoneurons. PMID- 6601184 TI - Morphogenic potential of autogenous costal cartilage transplanted into the interparietal suture area of the rat. AB - A study was carried out to determine the separability of costochondral tissue and to investigate the preservation of its integrity as a transplant to a relatively immobile osseous site. On 10-day-old rats, two autogenous rib sections, complete with bone and cartilage, were transplanted across the interparietal suture with the cartilaginous ends either in the same direction or in opposite directions; untreated rats were used as controls. The animals, injected with Alizarin red S, were killed 25, 50, and 75 days after the operation, 10 at each time. At 25 days after the operation the calvarial width and neurocranial height were significantly greater, and the strip of new white bone appeared wider in the experimental animals as compared to the untreated control rats; later, the differences were less pronounced. The changes in the neurocranial morphology seemed more symmetrical following positioning of the cartilaginous ends of the graft in opposite directions than when they were in the same direction. In some transplants the endochondral ossification process appeared normal at the termination of the experimental period, but signs of degeneration were also observed. The findings were considered to indicate that costochondral transplants are endowed with an intrinsic tissue-separating capacity, and that they can preserve their integrity for an extended period under relatively nonfunctional conditions. PMID- 6601185 TI - C-11-labeled glucose and its utilization in positron-emission tomography. AB - Carbon-11-labeled glucose was prepared photosynthetically using the green alga Scenedesmus obtusiusculus Chod. The carbohydrates were extracted from the cells with dilute HCI and the glucose was isolated and purified using high-performance liquid chromatography. The manipulations in the hot cell are described. Analysis of the material (gas liquid chromatography and HPLC) showed that the glucose obtained was radiochemically pure. The total incorporation of the 11CO2 added to the algae was 60-80%. The radiochemical yield of pure carrier-added glucose was approximately 25%, at 40 min after E.O.B. including the HPLC purification and sterile filtration. The C-11 glucose uptake in rat brain was compared with that of commercial D[U-14C]glucose, and preliminary PET studies with D-[11C]glucose in a patient with a brain infarct are presented. PMID- 6601186 TI - Circulating vitamin D metabolites in nephropathic cystinosis. PMID- 6601187 TI - Portacaval shunt in a child with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. PMID- 6601188 TI - Changes in T and B lymphocyte populations in the lymph nodes draining the uterus in pregnant mice. AB - Using indirect immunofluorescence and fluorescence microscopy, changes in the proportion of T and B lymphocytes in the para-aortic lymph nodes draining the pregnant uterus and the brachial nodes from the same animal were examined at 8, 15, 17 and 19 days of pregnancy and 2 and 6 days post partum. Syngeneic and allogeneic matings of CBA and C57BL10.ScSn mice were examined. There was a dramatic increase in the level of B cells in the para-aortic nodes after 15 days. This peaked around the time of parturition and did not fall until 6 days post partum. There was no change in the level of B cells in the brachial nodes. There was an indication from syngeneic and allogeneic matings of CBA mice that the percentage of T cells dropped during the second half of pregnancy. It is concluded that allogenicity, seminal plasma, implantation, multiparity, the placenta and the male fetus were not responsible for the observed increase in the level of B lymphocytes. PMID- 6601189 TI - Experimental Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in C3H/HeJ and C3HeB/FeJ mice. AB - C3H mice develop heavier degrees of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia than other mouse strains tested. We have compared P. carinii pneumonia in two strains of C3H mice: C3H/HeJ mice, which are unresponsive to the effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), have defects in macrophage function, and have increased antibody responses to orally administered T-dependent antigens; and C3HeB/FeJ mice, which are immunologically normal. P. carinii pneumonia was induced by corticosteroids, and the intensity of the infection was judged by a semiquantitative histopathologic scoring system. Heavier degrees of infection were found in C3H/HeJ mice than in C3HeB/FeJ mice. Serum antibodies to P. carinii, measured by an indirect fluorescent antibody technique, were mainly of the IgG class in both strains of mice and varied inversely with the intensity of P. carinii infection in the lungs. Antibody levels were significantly higher in C3H/HeJ mice than in C3HeB/FeJ mice. These data suggest that C3H/HeJ have increased susceptibility to the effects of steroids of host defenses against P. carinii, and heightened serum antibody responses to the organism. PMID- 6601191 TI - Candida endophthalmitis presenting as bilateral posterior uveitis. PMID- 6601190 TI - Cultures of human natural killer cells (large granular lymphocytes) and T cells in the presence of interleukin-2-containing conditioned medium. PMID- 6601192 TI - Trichomonas vaginalis in men. PMID- 6601193 TI - Fluorescence studies of the complex formation between the gene 5 protein of bacteriophage M13 and polynucleotides. PMID- 6601194 TI - Taurine biosynthesis in frog retina: effects of light and dark adaptations. AB - The retinal uptake and metabolism of cysteine, a precursor for taurine biosynthesis, were analysed using the bull frog. The [14C] cysteine uptake into isolated retina had some specific properties: It was rather temperature independent, required Na ions, was inhibited by ouabain but not by dinitrophenol, and exhibited saturation kinetics composed of two components. When retinal homogenate was incubated with 12-30 microM of L-[U-14C]cysteine, the accumulation of labeled alanine, cysteine sulfinic acid (CSA), cysteic acid (CA), hypotaurine, and taurine was detected. The metabolic conversions of [14C] cysteine to labeled alanine, hypotaurine, and taurine were linear over 90 minutes. Prolonged light adaptation (3 weeks) induced a significant reduction in the formation of labeled CA, CSA, hypotaurine, and taurine from [14C] cysteine. On the other hand, it was found that in dark-adapted retinae, the formation of labeled taurine from [14C] cysteine increased significantly in spite of the reduction in the formation of labeled CA. These results indicate that biosynthetic pathways exist for taurine from cysteine in frog retina, and that these metabolic pathways are involved in the regulation of retinal taurine content under continuous visual adaptation. PMID- 6601195 TI - Identification of B-lymphotropic papovavirus-coded proteins. AB - The lymphotropic papovavirus (LPV)-specific mRNAs were translated in vitro in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. The specific products were 84,000-dalton (84K), 41K, 35K, and 26K proteins. Immunoprecipitation with anti-LPV hamster sera and analysis of partially purified LPV virions showed that the last three proteins were the LPV capsid proteins, and we designated the 41K, 35K, and 26K proteins VP1 (major capsid protein), VP2, and VP3, respectively. Several characteristics, such as the small amount of mRNA for the 84K protein at late stages of infection, its absence from partially purified virus preparations, no common tryptic peptides between the 84K and 41K proteins, and the pattern of in vivo phosphorylation, suggest that the 84K protein is not a simple dimer of the 41K protein. Normal human sera and sera from certain leukemic patients positive for antibody to LPV viral antigens immunoprecipitated the 41K protein. PMID- 6601196 TI - Further studies on the glycosylated gag gene products of Rauscher murine leukemia virus: identification of an N-terminal 45,000-dalton cleavage product. AB - A glycosylated 45,000-Mr protein containing Rauscher murine leukemia virus p15 and p12 antigenic sites and tryptic peptides was identified in Rauscher murine leukemia virus-infected cells. This glycoprotein, termed gP45gag, was also shown to contain a single tryptic peptide also present in gPr80gag and its unglycosylated apoprotein precursor Pr75gag, but lacking in Pr65gag or Pr40gag. The presence of this peptide only in viral precursor proteins containing the so called leader (L) sequence strongly suggests that gPr45gag is an N-terminal fragment of larger glycosylated gag polyproteins, composed of L sequences in addition to p15 and p12. The kinetics of appearance of radiolabeled gPr45gag and its disappearance during chase-incubation is suggestive of a precursor-like role for this intermediate gene product. An observed 27,000-Mr glycosylated polypeptide, termed gP27gag and containing p15 but not p12, p30, or p10 antigenic determinants, is a candidate cleavage product derived from gPr45gag. These observations suggest that gPr45gag and its putative cleavage product gP27gag represent an authentic pathway for intracellular processing of glycosylated core proteins. PMID- 6601197 TI - Hemospermia. PMID- 6601198 TI - Leads from the MMWR. Outbreak of hemorrhagic colitis--Ottawa, Canada. PMID- 6601199 TI - Congenital coronary arterial aneurysm without arteriovenous fistula resulting in myocardial infarction--case report and review of the literature. AB - A 38-year-old woman with coronary arterial aneurysm, which resulted in myocardial infarction, was reported. By coronary arteriography, an aneurysm of the left anterior descending branch was found, but no arteriovenous shunt could be revealed. The patient has neither clinical history of severe febrile inflammatory disease nor any coronary risk factors. The etiology of her coronary arterial aneurysm was considered to be congenital. The patient underwent aorto-coronary saphenous vein bypass graft surgery successfully. We believe that this is the first case report in Japan on congenital aneurysm of the coronary artery without arteriovenous fistula, which was diagnosed during life by coronary arteriography. PMID- 6601200 TI - Significance of symptomatological diagnosis and treatment of angina pectoris developing into acute myocardial infarction. AB - Consecutive 200 patients with angina pectoris (AP) and 310 with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were studied in order to elucidate the significance of symptoms and treatment of AP associated with AMI, and to evaluate the classification of unstable angina (UA) according to the American Heart Association (AHA). The AMI group consisted of 110 patients without preinfarction AP, 99 with UA and 101 with AP who did not meet the criteria of UA and were designated as non-UA (NUA) in this study, while the AP group consisted of 65 with UA and 135 with NUA. Among 19 patients who developed AMI during their hospitalization, 12 were UNA. Patients with NUA of both groups revealed various modes of anginal attacks. Eighteen patients of the AMI group and 29 of the AP group were considered to be clinically stable and the others were unstable. Treatment of the AP group resulted in an improvement of AP in 191 patients, while in the AMI group AP was not treated in 93 and improved in 23. The participation of fixed stenosis and/or spasm of coronary arteries was examined in the AP group. There was no difference in the participation of these factors as a causative mechanism for anginal attack between UA and NUA. In conclusion, it is not pertinent to dispute that UA of the AHA is the only high risk AP for developing AMI, but for the prevention of AMI it is important to treat AP by the precise evaluation of its symptoms and by the determination of the participation of fixed stenosis or spasm of coronary arteries in each case. PMID- 6601201 TI - Clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with unstable angina treated medically and surgically--results in patients with ST-segment elevation and depression. AB - A randomized prospective study was carried out and the therapeutical effects of intensive medical management in the acute stage of unstable angina were compared with those of urgent coronary bypass surgery on patients admitted to Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, who showed an ST elevation or depression during their attacks. Seventy patients with unstable angina were evaluated clinically, angiographically and hemodynamically: 41 of them had a transient ST elevation (26 treated medically; 15 surgically) and 29 had a transient ST depression (15 treated medically; 14 surgically). The hospital mortality rates were 12.2% for the medical group (3.8% in patients with an ST elevation; 26.7% in an ST depression) and 17.2% for the surgical group (6.7% in an ST elevation; 28.6% in an ST depression). These differences were not significant. The incidence of myocardial infarction among in-patients was 7.3% in the medical group (0% in the patients with an ST elevation; 20% in an ST depression) and 13.8% in the surgical group (13.3% in an ST elevation; 14.3% in an ST depression). These differences were also not significant. On their coronary angiograms, single vessel disease was significantly frequent in unstable angina with an ST elevation and so was triple vessel disease in patients with an ST depression. Left ventricular function was markedly improved in patients with an ST elevation after coronary bypass surgery. However, in unstable angina with an ST depression, there was no amelioration of left ventricular contractility and relaxation. It is concluded that by medical or surgical treatment, patients with unstable angina showing an ST elevation during their attacks had a fairly better prognosis than those showing an ST depression; the left ventricular function of the ST elevation group was improved considerably after AC bypass surgery, while those of the ST depression group showed no improvement. PMID- 6601202 TI - [Use of intra-aortic balloon pumping and venoatrial bypass with the membrane oxygenator for cardiogenic shock following aortocoronary bypass]. PMID- 6601203 TI - Tissue factor activity of normal and neoplastic cells: quantitation and species specificity. AB - The expression of tissue factor activity was evaluated in homogenates and in intact whole cells from a variety of human and nonhuman cell lines of normal and neoplastic origin. A high degree of species specificity in the interaction of tissue factor with other coagulation factors was observed in guinea pig, rat, mouse, and hamster cells. Tissue factor was present in significant amounts in homogenates of both the normal and neoplastic cells tested in all four species examined. No correlation was observed between the amount of tissue factor detected in cell homogenates and the derivation of the cell line from normal versus neoplastic tissue. Intact cells also expressed tissue factor activity, but lower levels were found in most cell lines examined. The significance of these data is discussed with regard to fibrin deposition around tumors in vivo. PMID- 6601204 TI - [Surgical indications in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in childhood]. AB - Complications after ineffective medical management are indications for surgical treatment in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Immediate intervention is necessary in perforation, bleeding and intestinal obstruction, but abscess, fistulation, chronic bowel obstruction and an inflammatory tumor need also surgery without longer delay. Acute ileitis terminalis imitating acute appendicitis is an exceptional case of Crohn's disease. Local recurrence, severe abdominal pain, diarrhoea, retardation of growth and development, and risk of malignant change may be reasons for elective surgery. As development of recurrence after operation is frequent and the results of colectomy and proctocolectomy with ileostomy are not always satisfactory some caution to surgery in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in childhood is advisable. PMID- 6601205 TI - Regulation of the androgen receptor by androgen in normal and androgen-resistant genital skin fibroblasts. AB - Normal genital skin fibroblast (GSF) monolayers incubated with serum-free medium containing 3 nM [3H]-5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) at 37 degrees C for 20 h have about 35% more specific DHT-binding than replicates incubated in serum-free medium with [3H]-DHT for only 1 h to saturate basal specific androgen-receptor activity. If, after 19 h, spent medium is replaced by fresh medium with 3 nM [3H] DHT for 1 h, specific DHT binding is 85% more than basal. The acquisition of increased binding is temperature dependent (37 greater than 27 degrees C) and cycloheximide (2 microM) suppressible. The increased binding activity is considered to represent an augmentation of androgen receptor concentration because it has the same equilibrium dissociation constant (KD approximately 0.5 nM), rate constant of dissociation (k-1 approximately 6 x 10(-3) min-1) and ligand specificity as basal androgen-receptor activity, and because basal DHT binding activity is stable in cells preincubated in androgen-free or serum-free medium alone for up to 72 h before assay. Prolonged incubation with methyltrienolone (R1881), a nonmetabolizable synthetic androgen, causes a greater, more persistent increment of androgen receptor activity than does equimolar DHT. The fibroblasts from two subjects with receptor-positive, partial androgen resistance lose their basal receptor activity during prolonged incubation with DHT, but augment it normally with R1881. This suggests that defective DHT metabolism is somehow involved in the pathogenesis of their androgen resistance. PMID- 6601206 TI - Conversion of progesterone to deoxycorticosterone in the human fetus: steroid 21 hydroxylase activity in fetal tissues. AB - Steroid 21-hydroxylase activity was assayed in microsome-enriched fractions prepared from homogenates of a number of human fetal tissues. The activity of this enzyme was demonstrable in several tissues in addition to the adrenal, kidney, and gonads. The highest specific activities of the enzyme were found in adrenal, skin, kidney and urinary bladder. In addition, 21-hydroxylation of progesterone was demonstrated in microsome-enriched preparations of pancreas, thymus, spleen, testis and ovary. Thus a number of fetal tissues may contribute to the formation of deoxycorticosterone, which is present in high concentrations in plasma of the human fetus compared with those in men and nonpregnant women. Moreover, the potential for the in situ formation of DOC in presumed tissue sites of mineralocorticosteroid action was demonstrated. PMID- 6601207 TI - Renal cell carcinoma presenting as acute pancreatitis and GI bleeding. AB - A 75-year-old woman was admitted for acute pancreatitis, jaundice, GI bleeding, and a tender mass in the right hypochondrium. Upper gastrointestinal series demonstrated a diverticulum-like structure on the lateral aspect of the second part of the duodenum. This structure was excised and turned out to be a renal cell carcinoma invading the duodenum by direct extension from the right kidney. Although renal cell carcinoma may present in numerous and often perplexing manifestations, this is a unique presentation. PMID- 6601208 TI - Coronary bypass operation following acute complicated myocardial infarction. AB - The indications for operation to correct acute mechanical defects after myocardial infarction are clearly established. Less clear is the use of surgical procedures for nonmechanical complications such as persistent ischemia or circulatory collapse. Between 1974 and 1981, 80 patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) within 2 weeks of infarction. Continued pain was the indication in 83% and cardiogenic shock in 17%. Seventeen patients were operated upon within 24 hours of infarction, 35 from 1 to 7 days, and 28 from 8 to 14 days. Eighty-one percent were men; mean age was 58 years. In 39% of patients the infarction was the premier symptom of coronary artery disease. Sixty two percent had impaired left ventricular function as judged by left ventricular end-diastolic pressure greater than 15 mm Hg or abnormal wall motion seen on ventriculogram. Overall operative mortality was 5.0%; early mortality by indication was 3.0% for pain and 14.3% for shock. Operation for pain carried a 7.7% mortality if done within 48 hours of infarction and was 0% for those patients operated upon after that time. The status of 90% of all patients was known as of December, 1981, with a mean follow-up of 2.9 years. Life-table analysis demonstrates a 5 year survival rate of 85% +/- 6% in the group operated upon for pain. CABG in the immediate postinfarction period can be done safely with a 5 year survival in patients without hemodynamic compromise comparable to that of patients with chronic angina undergoing elective operation. These results should encourage the application of early postinfarction CABG in other high-risk subgroups of patients. PMID- 6601210 TI - The morbidity and mortality of reoperation for coronary artery disease and analysis of late results with use of actuarial estimate of event-free interval. AB - To determine late survival and functional status after second revascularization procedures for coronary artery disease, we studied 106 consecutive patients operated on between June, 1969, and December, 1980. The mean age of the 96 men and 10 women was 49 +/- 8 years (range 22 to 65 years). Before reoperation, 101 patients (95%) were judged to be in New York Heart Association Class III or IV with angina, and 81 patients (76%) had three-vessel involvement. Angina recurrence was most commonly caused by bypass graft occlusion alone and in combination with progressive disease of the native arteries (60 patients, 57%). Three patients (2.8%) died within 30 days of reoperation; each death resulted from myocardial infarction. An average of 2.2 coronary arteries were bypassed in each patient. Complete follow-up data (mean 43 months) were available for 105 patients. Actuarial survival of patients dismissed alive is 94% at 5 years and 89% at 7 years. All late cardiac-related deaths occurred in patients with three vessel disease. When recurrence of any angina, need for a third operation, and myocardial infarction are included with cardiac-related deaths, event-free survival is 28% at 5 years and 26% at 7 years. Late survival and functional status could not be predicted by the cause of recurrent angina or the presence of risk factors. Repeat myocardial revascularization can apparently be undertaken with low risk and with prospects for excellent long-term survival. After reoperation, recurrence of mild angina is not uncommon, but freedom from serious cardiac events and relief of severe symptoms were noted in more than 60% of patients 5 years later. PMID- 6601209 TI - Coronary artery stenoses. Relationship between angiographic severity and impact on mean diastolic pressure gradient. AB - Coronary angiography provides important anatomic information about coronary artery stenoses. However, it is unclear whether specific assumptions about hemodynamic impact can be made from the angiogram. We therefore studied the relationship between angiographic severity of coronary stenoses and the mean diastolic pressure gradient measured directly at coronary bypass operation. We studied 29 stenoses selected because they were the only lesions in a given vessel, they were well seen in two angiographic views, and there was no change in clinical status of the patient between angiographic and surgical procedures. Fourteen stenoses were in the left anterior descending artery, nine were in the right coronary artery, and six were in the left circumflex artery. Correlation between mean diastolic gradient and percent stenosis was good (r = 0.78, p = 0.001) and especially so for lesions in the left anterior descending artery (r = 0.84, p = 0.001). Lesions over 90% had a wide range of gradients, while lesions less than 90% tended to have more predictable gradients. Collaterals invariably identified vessels with stenoses causing major pressure gradients. History of myocardial infarction was associated with major gradients in supplying vessels. Length of stenosis was not an important influence on gradient over a stenosis. We conclude that in some defined instances, generalizations about hemodynamic (and presumed functional) impact of stenoses can be made from the angiographic assessment, but precise assumptions are not possible. PMID- 6601211 TI - Surgical treatment of purulent pericarditis in children. AB - Since 1971 we have seen 15 children with the diagnosis of purulent pericarditis. The causative organism was Hemophilus influenzae in seven, Staphylococcus aureus in three, and five were due to other organisms. In one child the diagnosis was unsuspected until autopsy. The other 14 patients were all treated with intravenous antibiotics to which the organism was sensitive. One child had an immediate pericardiectomy because of tamponade. The other 13 patients had pericardiocentesis for diagnosis and initial therapy. Pericardiocentesis alone resulted in recovery of four patients and failed in nine, including all seven patients with H. influenzae. These nine had recurrent tamponade or a persistent picture of sepsis that was unresponsive to repeated pericardiocenteses and necessitated operative intervention. The procedure used was subxiphoid tube drainage in two patients. One recovered and the other required further operation. The remaining seven patients were treated with pericardiectomy. All pericardiectomy patients recovered without complications or recurrent symptoms. Survivors are asymptomatic with no evidence of pericardial constriction. We recommend immediate pericardiocentesis for diagnosis and initial therapy. Early pericardiectomy should be performed if the causative organism is H. influenzae, if tamponade occurs after initial pericardiocentesis, or if fever persists despite appropriate antibiotics. PMID- 6601212 TI - Optimal postoperative volume loading. AB - Intravenous infusions are required to maintain ventricular preload after uneventful coronary bypass operation. During the early postoperative period, when myocardial metabolic recovery is incomplete, volume loading is intended to stabilize ventricular function and metabolism and to prevent progressive ischemic injury. This study attempts to define the optimal preload for both metabolism and performance. Thirty-seven patients recovering from elective coronary bypass operations and cold potassium cardioplegia underwent volume loading with whole plasma. The initial response (VLA) from a low left atrial pressure (LAP = 7.3 +/- 3.3 mm Hg) was compared with the subsequent response (VLB) from a higher filling pressure (LAP = 10.9 +/- 2.7 mm Hg). Both VLA and VLB produced a similar increase in cardiac index, stroke work index, and end-diastolic volume index (EDVI), and a decrease in ejection fraction (measured by nuclear angiography). Myocardial lactate extraction increased with VLA, but myocardial lactate production resulted with VLB. A careful analysis of these volume loading studies suggested that myocardial performance and compliance were not altered in the early postoperative period. The decrease in ejection fraction with volume loading may have resulted from a combination of increased wall tension and decreased inotropic stimulation. After uneventful coronary bypass surgery, an LAP between 5 and 12 mm Hg corresponded to an EDVI between 30 and 80 ml/m2 and produced adequate cardiac index, stroke work index, and lactate extraction. A lower or higher preload did not improve function and resulted in abnormal metabolism. PMID- 6601213 TI - Do preoperative laboratory tests predict blood transfusion needs in cardiac operations? AB - We retrospectively compared preoperative prothrombin (PT), partial thromboplastin (PTT), dilute whole blood clot lysis and bleeding times, fibrinogen level, and platelet count with subsequent blood component administration in 92 patients who had undergone cardiac operations with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Abnormal results for one or more tests were found in 34% of 71 adults and 81% of 21 children and teenagers. The patients with abnormal test(s) received no more whole blood and packed red cell units, platelets, or plasma than those with normal tests in either age group. No individual or multiple test abnormalities predicted excess blood component transfusion, even when low-grade abnormalities were excluded. The high rate of abnormal tests in patients less than 20 years of age was not due to polycythemia and may indicate a need for age-specific reference ranges. Baseline PT, PTT, and platelet count may aid in the evaluation of the potential for subsequent development of coagulopathy, but we conclude that further preoperative testing may be reserved for infants, polycythemic individuals, or others in whom history or drug use suggests potential bleeding problems. PMID- 6601214 TI - Prognosis for aorta-coronary graft patency. A comparison of preoperative and intraoperative assessments. AB - For prognostication of aorta-coronary bypass graft patency, preoperative angiographic assessment of the recipient vessel and the regional left ventricle was compared with the intraoperative measurement of the internal diameter of the vessel and graft flow in 98 patients, in whom graft patency was evaluated at 1 year. Preoperative assessment of the recipient vessel did not correlate with the intraoperative measurement of the internal diameter or with the graft patency. Preoperative assessment of the regional left ventricular wall motion, on the other hand, was more valuable for prognosticating graft patency. Regions assessed as normal or hypokinetic had equally good graft patency, whereas akinetic or dyskinetic areas had only a 54% patency rate. Intraoperative measurement of the internal diameter of the vessel and graft flow were reliable predictors of graft patency: The larger the internal diameter and the greater the graft flow, the better the graft patency. Best surgical results can therefore be predicted when the internal diameter of the recipient vessel is 2.5 mm or more, graft flow is 100 ml/min or more, and the regional left ventricle moves well. PMID- 6601215 TI - Hyperkalemia in cardioplegic solutions causing increased cholesterol accumulation in vein grafts. AB - Hyperkalemic cardioplegic solutions are frequently infused through vein grafts during aorta-coronary bypass operations. Although some reports have suggested the potential for physical damage to grafts by such exposure, the effects of these solutions on graft atherogenesis have not been studied. We evaluated the influence of potassium and colloid content of cardioplegic solutions on graft cholesterol accumulation in our established animal model of graft atherogenesis. Fourteen cephalic vein grafts were interposed bilaterally in the femoral arteries of seven normolipemic stump-tailed macaque monkeys. Before grafting, each vein was distended at 350 torr for 1 minute with autologous blood. Half of each vein was then filled for 30 minutes with either balanced crystalloid solution or with balanced crystalloid plus albumin (5 mg/ml). The other half of the vein was filled with the same solution plus potassium chloride (27 mEq/L). Grafts were harvested at 12 weeks. Cholesterol content was significantly greater (p less than 0.01) in graft segments exposed to hyperkalemia than in their control counterparts. Onconicity had no effect on cholesterol content. In this animal model, prolonged exposure of vein grafts to hyperkalemic cardioplegic solutions caused increased lipid uptake. This finding may presage accelerated atheromatous degeneration. PMID- 6601216 TI - The effect of duration of hypothermic cardioplegia on ventricular function. PMID- 6601217 TI - The significance of persistent myocardial perfusion during aortic cross-clamping in myocardial protection. PMID- 6601218 TI - Classification and management of the diseased ascending aorta during cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 6601219 TI - Effect of protamine sulfate after cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 6601220 TI - Adult T-cell leukemia: a report on two white patients. AB - Two white European males are reported with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), a disease first described in Japan, but recently also in the U.K. and U.S.A. Both patients presented with lymphadenopathy, but without a mediastinal mass. In addition, one patient had skin infiltrates and the other had hepatosplenomegaly. Morphologic and ultrastructural examination of the blasts in bone marrow and lymph node biopsy revealed a predominance of polymorphic lymphoid cells with pronounced nuclear irregularities and a semi-mature chromatine pattern. Histopathology of the lymph nodes showed a diffuse infiltration with medium-sized lymphoblasts with irregular nuclei. The blasts in the bone marrow formed E rosettes with sheep erythrocytes, lacked terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (Tdt) activity but expressed the Ia-like antigen; although the majority of the cells reacted with a polyclonal anti-T-cell serum, they were negative for OKT3. In one patient a helper/inducer phenotype (OKT4+) was found in the lymphoblasts of bone marrow and lymph node, while in the other only in the lymph node. The difference between bone marrow and lymph node phenotype is discussed. To our knowledge, these are the first two European patients reported with ATL, a disease clearly different from convoluted T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 6601221 TI - Effect of phorbol ester on differentiation of human myeloid colony forming cells (CFU-C). AB - The effects of 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on CFU-C were investigated. Exposure of normal bone marrow cells or peripheral blood cells from chronic myeloid leukemia patients to TPA stimulated cluster formation in agar in the absence of added colony-stimulating factors (CSF). In the presence of CSF, TPA inhibited colony and cluster formation. After enrichment of CFU-C approx. 50 fold by an immune rosette technique, TPA-induced stimulation of cluster formation in the absence of CSF was markedly diminished, while the inhibitory effect in the presence of CSF was unchanged. These results suggest that TPA may have complex effects on CFU-C; indirectly promoting colony formation by inducing other cells to secrete CSF, and directly inhibiting CFU-C proliferation. PMID- 6601222 TI - Expression of an accessory cell phenotype by hairy cells during lymphocyte colony formation in agar culture. AB - Human T lymphocytes require the cooperation of accessory cells to generate lymphocyte colonies in agar culture under PHA stimulation. Various hairy cell enriched fractions, as well as normal monocytes, have been found to be able to initiate colony formation by normal lymphocytes. Leukemic monocytes from CMML patients were also effective, but not the leukemic lymphocytes from CLL patients. The phenotype expressed by HC in agar colonies was further studied using cell surface and enzymatic markers. We have concluded that HC in agar culture in the presence of both normal T lymphocytes and PHA lose the B phenotype that they express in vivo and function like an accessory cell in contrast to normal or leukemic B lymphocytes. PMID- 6601223 TI - A Canadian Indian Health Status Index. AB - Health care services for registered "band" Indians in Ontario are provided primarily by the Canadian Federal Government. Complex management methods preclude the direct involvement of Indian people in the decisions for their health resource allocation. Health indicators, need, and health status indexes are reviewed. The biostatistics of mortality and demography of the Indian and reference populations are aggregated with hospitalization/morbidity experience as the Chen G'1 Index, as an indicator of normative and comparative need. This is weighted by linear measurements of perceived need for preventive medicine programs, as ranked and scaled values of priorities, Zj. These were determined by community survey on 11 Indian reserves using a non-probabilistic psychometric method of "pair comparisons," based upon "Thurstone's Law of Comparative Judgement.," The calculation of the aggregate single unit Indian Health Status Index [Log.G'1].Zj and its potential application in a "zero-base" budget is described. PMID- 6601224 TI - Epidermal growth factor-urogastrone action: induction of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity and enhancement of the mitogenic effect by anti-interferon antibody. AB - Epidermal growth factor-urogastrone (EGF-URO), early in the course of stimulating DNA synthesis in quiescent human fibroblasts, also causes a three to five-fold elevation of the activity of intracellular 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (2,5A synthetase), an enzyme that has been previously implicated in the antiproliferative effects of interferon. The increase in synthetase activity precedes DNA synthesis by approximately six hours, with maximal synthetase activity either preceding or coinciding with maximal DNA synthesis. EGF-URO stimulation does not result in the secretion of detectable amounts of interferon (IFN) into the growth medium and anti-human IFN-beta antibodies do not block the EGF-URO-mediated rise in 2,5A synthetase activity. Thus, the elevation of 2,5A synthetase can be attributed to the action of EGF-URO itself, and not to IFN. Nonetheless, in the presence of anti-human interferon-antibodies, the time course of EGF-URO-stimulated DNA synthesis is prolonged both in human and in Syrian hamster embryo fibroblasts; the effects of the antibody were reversed in both cell strains by the addition of human IFN-beta (HuIFN-beta). The data suggest a role for 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase in the process of EGF-URO-mediated mitogenesis and point to the possible production of interferon-related cell associated regulators during the course of EGF-URO action. PMID- 6601225 TI - Serum lipids and glucose as associated with hemoglobin levels and copper and zinc intake in young adults. AB - The association of copper and zinc intake with serum total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose concentrations were studied in young adults (N=59). Three-day diet records, hair, fasting blood, and overnight urine samples were collected from each subject. Higher hemoglobin concentrations, diet zinc intake, and serum copper:zinc ratios were associated with lower HDL cholesterol concentrations. Higher hemoglobin and hair copper concentrations were associated with higher cholesterol concentrations. Higher serum copper concentrations were associated with higher triglyceride concentrations and with lower glucose concentrations. Greater hematocrits were associated with lower triglyceride concentrations. Hemoglobin levels had the strongest relationship with cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol. These results appeared inconsistent with the hypothesis on copper:zinc imbalance and reports from animal studies. PMID- 6601227 TI - Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the aged. A retrospective analysis of 100 cases. AB - One hundred consecutive patients (predominantly men, aged 60 years and older), who were admitted to the Hsinhua Hospital, Shanghai, with acute bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract during a three-year period, were reviewed. The most common causes of bleeding were peptic ulcers, chronic gastritis, prolapse of gastric mucosa, and other benign conditions. In 22 patients, bleeding was either due to oesophageal varices, or was a complication of cor pulmonale. The incidence of malignant disease was 23% (higher than that reported from the United States or the United Kingdom). The mortality rate in patients with benign causes of gastrointestinal bleeding (after exclusion of patients with malignant disease, cor pulmonale, and hepatic cirrhosis) was 4.4%--much lower than the British rate, but slightly higher than that reported in an Australian study. It is hoped that, with the increasing interest in geriatrics, and closer attention to acute bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract in the aged, the mortality rate from this condition will decline. PMID- 6601226 TI - Alteration in membrane permeability by diacylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine containing arachidonic acid. AB - The phospholipid metabolites, stearoylarachidonylglycerol and diarachidonylglycerol, stimulate transepithelial sodium transport in frog skin epithelium. The increase in Na transport is due to an increase in the unidirectional influx of sodium, is amiloride sensitive and is prevented with pretreatment with indomethacin, mefanamic acid and phospholipase inhibitor, mepacrine. The data suggest a possible role of phospholipid metabolism and prostaglandin biosynthesis in the regulation of transepithelial ion transport. PMID- 6601228 TI - Emission computerized tomography. PMID- 6601229 TI - Reactions to DTP and DT vaccines. PMID- 6601230 TI - Single-photon emission computed tomography. A method of measuring cerebral blood flow in three dimensions (preliminary results of studies in patients with epilepsy and stroke). AB - The recent development of single-photon emitting radiopharmaceuticals that reflect cerebral blood flow has introduced a new era for the useful application of nuclear medicine to the investigation of neurological disease. Using 123I labelled N-isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine, we have performed emission-computed tomographic scans of the brain in several clinical settings. These studies display cross-sectional maps of cerebral blood flow and promise significant clinical utility in a variety of brain diseases. In the eight patients with epilepsy, the scans showed good localization of the abnormal foci, and correlated well with the findings at operation in the five patients who were submitted to surgery. All 10 patients with stroke had abnormal scans, and the abnormalities in cerebral blood flow were frequently more extensive than the lesions seen on the transmission-computed tomographic scan. This initial experience leads us to anticipate an increasing role in clinical neurology for single-photon emission computed tomographic scans of cerebral blood flow. PMID- 6601231 TI - Lack of prognostic value of T-, B- and null-lymphocytes in adult acute leukemia. AB - The distribution of T-, B- and null-lymphocytes was studied in the peripheral blood of 38 adult patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) and 15 with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) at first diagnosis, during induction treatment, and in remission. Thirteen ANLL and 9 ALL patients were followed until relapse and during reinduction therapy. T- and B-cells were detected by specific membrane marker. The pre- and posttreatment pattern of lymphocyte subpopulations was analyzed to determine their prognostic significance for remission incidence, remission duration, and survival. It was observed that in both types of leukemia, T-cells are more affected by the leukemic process and cytostatic drugs than B cells. Nonresponding patients possibly have a reduced potential for recruiting precursor T- and B-cells. At first diagnosis, no significant correlation was found between pre- or posttreatment variables and prognosis. At relapse, ANLL patients had a longer second remission when a high proportion of B-cells was found; ALL patients with a high lymphocyte count before and after treatment, experienced longer survival. PMID- 6601232 TI - Histiocytosis X in children: patterns of disease and results of treatment. AB - The pathologic materials and clinical courses of 36 children aged 1 month-22 years, with histiocytosis X (H-X) seen at the Philadelphia Children's Cancer Research Center from 1970 to 1979 were reviewed. The pathologic subtype of H-X was favorable (type II) in 31 patients, unfavorable (type I) in one patient, and unclassified in four patients whose specimens were limited to a skin biopsy. Sixteen patients had localized H-X involving bone (14 patients), soft tissue (1 patient), or skin only (1 patient); all are alive and well after treatment with surgery alone (12 patients), radiation therapy (RT) (3 patients), or observation (1 patient); only 1 of the 16 developed recurrent H-X. The other 20 patients presented with multifocal H-X involving the skeleton alone (3 patients); the skeleton and soft tissues other than liver (7 patients); soft tissue exclusive of the liver (3 patients); soft tissue including the liver (4 patients); or soft tissues, skeleton, and liver (3 patients). These 20 patients were treated with surgery alone (1 patient), RT (4 patients), or multiple drugs +/- RT (15 patients). Seven of the 20 patients are alive and well without recurrence at a median of 4 years after diagnosis. Nine of the 20 patients, including 3 with liver dysfunction, responded completely to initial therapy but developed recurrence; each was retreated with drugs and is alive and well at a median of 4 years. The remaining 4 patients had widespread disease with dysfunction of the liver and/or hematopoietic system at diagnosis, failed to respond, and died. We conclude that (1) patients with multiple bony lesions with or without associated soft tissue disease or skin involvement have a favorable outlook and do not require systemic chemotherapy; (2) systemic treatment also is unnecessary for patients with localized H-X since recurrence is rare; (3) drugs can benefit patients with multifocal H-X, although the optimal duration of therapy is unclear; and (4) favorable response to treatment indicates high probability of disease-free survival. However, organ dysfunction at diagnosis is ominous: four of seven patients with liver dysfunction are dead, as are all three patients who presented with peripheral blood count depression. PMID- 6601233 TI - Suicide inactivation of rat liver cytochrome P-450 by chloramphenicol in vivo and in vitro. AB - Intraperitoneal administration of chloramphenicol (100 mg/kg) to phenobarbital treated rats causes 50% inhibition of liver microsomal 7-ethoxycoumarin and 1,1,2,2 tetrachloroethane metabolism but has no effect on the level of cytochrome P-450 detectable as its carbon monoxide complex or on the NADPH-cytochrome c reductase (EC 1.6.2.4) activity. Both the endogenous NADPH oxidase activity and the enzymatic reduction of cytochrome P-450 are inhibited by chloramphenicol treatment, whereas the Km and Ks for ethoxycoumarin and the cumene hydroperoxide- or iodosobenzene-supported deethylation of ethoxycoumarin are unaffected, suggesting that impaired electron transport to cytochrome P-450 may be the cause of the loss of enzymatic activity. Administration of [14C]chloramphenicol (100 mg/kg) leads to the covalent binding of 0.7 nmole of metabolite(s) per nanomole of the major cytochrome P-450 isozyme. Alkaline hydrolysis of a cytochrome P-450 fraction obtained by chromatography of solubilized 14C-labeled microsomes on octylamino-Sepharose releases oxalic acid and chloramphenicol oxamic acid, whereas enzymatic digestion releases N-epsilon-chloramphenicol oxamyl lysine in addition. These data obtained with radiolabeled chloramphenicol suggest that the same metabolic pathways which lead to the inactivation of cytochrome P-450 in vitro are also operative in vivo. PMID- 6601234 TI - [Bronchiectasis in Kartagener's syndrome. Indication for surgical therapy?]. PMID- 6601235 TI - Spontaneous release of interleukin-2 by lung T lymphocytes in active pulmonary sarcoidosis. AB - We investigated the possible role of interleukin-2, a T-cell product that stimulates the clonal increase of responsive T lymphocytes, in the pathogenesis of pulmonary sarcoidosis. We obtained mononuclear effector cells from the lungs of 10 patients with sarcoidosis and high-intensity alveolitis, 17 patients with sarcoidosis and low-intensity alveolitis, 3 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and 10 normal controls. Lung cells from the group with sarcoidosis and low-intensity alveolitis, from the group with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and from the controls produced insignificant amounts of interleukin-2. However, lung cells from 9 of 10 patients with sarcoidosis and high-intensity alveolitis spontaneously released interleukin-2, and in a proportion that correlated with the proportion of T cells in the lung washings (P less than 0.01). Blood T cells from the same patients did not release interleukin-2. To determine whether release of interleukin-2 by the lung T cells had a biologic effect in vivo, we measured T-lymphocyte replication in the lungs of patients and controls. The lung T lymphocytes replicated at a rate that was several times higher in the patients with sarcoidosis and high-intensity alveolitis than in the other patient groups or the controls (P less than 0.01). These observations suggest that the release of interleukin-2 by lung T cells has a central role in increasing the numbers of lung T cells in active pulmonary sarcoidosis. PMID- 6601236 TI - Isolation procedures for patients with leukemia or lymphoma associated with human T-cell leukemia virus. PMID- 6601237 TI - Fever--new perspectives on an old phenomenon. PMID- 6601238 TI - No linkage between HLA and congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 17 alpha hydroxylase deficiency. PMID- 6601239 TI - No autoantibodies to nuclear antigens in the Kawasaki syndrome. PMID- 6601240 TI - Prekallikrein activation and high-molecular-weight kininogen consumption in hereditary angioedema. AB - Patients with hereditary angioedema lack C-1 inhibitor, a plasma alpha 2 glycoprotein that inhibits both the proteolytic action of C1, the activated first component of the complement system, and the activity of components of the contact phase of coagulation: kallikrein, factor XIa, and factor XIIa. Such patients have been shown to have low levels of C4 and C2, the natural substrates for C-1, but the levels were not correlated with the presence of symptoms. We studied three patients with angioedema for evidence of activation of the contact system and found that during a symptomatic period they had decreased levels of prekallikrein, a substrate for the activated forms of factor XII, and reductions in high-molecular-weight kininogen, a substrate for plasma kallikrein. These observations suggest that zymogens of the contact system are activated during attacks of hereditary angioedema and that some of the clinical manifestations may be mediated through products of this pathway, such as kinins. PMID- 6601241 TI - The challenge of hereditary angioneurotic edema. PMID- 6601242 TI - On the heels of interleukin-2. PMID- 6601243 TI - T-cell-mediated enhancement of host-versus-graft reactivity in mice fed a diet enriched in vitamin A acetate. AB - Retinol (vitamin A) and some of its derivatives have an important role in: (1) regulating growth, proliferation and differentiation of various tissues and (2) maintaining reproduction and visual function in man and higher animals. Vitamin A and retinoids are also known as potent immunoregulatory and antineoplastic agents. Their ability to increase reactivity to histoincompatible tissues is well documented but the mechanism of this action is unclear. Here we report that mice fed on an otherwise conventional diet supplemented with vitamin A acetate (VAA) respond to 10(5) semiallogeneic cells (a suboptimal dose) in a host-versus-graft (HvG) reaction, whereas mice on a conventional diet do not. It is possible to transfer this enhanced immune reactivity by injecting lymphoid cells from VAA-fed animals into those syngeneic mice maintained on the conventional diet. Using a positive selection technique, we demonstrate that the phenotype of the cell probably responsible for this phenomenon is Lyt 1+ 2-. PMID- 6601244 TI - Role of de novo DNA methylation in the glucocorticoid resistance of a T-lymphoid cell line. AB - A correlation has been shown between changes in the methylation pattern of cytosine residues in DNA and the expression of specific genes in differentiated tissues. The pattern of DNA methylation is conserved, through cell division, by a maintenance methylase but the mechanism by which a given pattern of methylation is established is unknown. De novo methylation of foreign DNA molecules has been shown to occur in several systems, and may serve as a signal to arrest gene expression. Conversely, treatment of cultured cell lines with 5-azacytidine results in DNA hypomethylation and leads to transcriptional activation of previously unexpressed genes. The results described here demonstrate spontaneous de novo methylation of DNA in a T-lymphoid cell line previously treated with 5 azacytidine to generate glucocorticoid sensitivity. This de novo methylation is accompanied by the acquisition of the glucocorticoid-resistant phenotype. PMID- 6601245 TI - Surface immunoglobulin-negative B-cell precursors detected by formation of antibody-secreting colonies in agar. AB - The development of semi-solid in vitro cloning assays has helped distinguish the different stages in early haematopoietic differentiation. The progenitors of erythrocytes, granulocytes, macrophages and megakaryocytes have been quantitated and characterized in such systems but until now, similar assays for progenitors of antibody-producing B lymphocytes have not been established despite many reports describing the properties of B-cell precursors which proliferate and differentiate either in vivo in adoptive hosts or in in vitro liquid culture systems. A semi-solid agar assay is described here which permits a murine B-cell precursor to develop into a colony containing antibody-secreting cells after 7-11 days in culture. The precursor cells were found in fetal liver and could be clearly distinguished from mature clonable B cells. This assay thus provides a method to quantitate functional B-cell precursors and establish the requirements for the generation of B lymphocytes. PMID- 6601246 TI - Differences in the Elution profiles of corticotropin-releasing activity in rat plasma and hypothalamic extracts following high performance liquid chromatography. AB - Extracts of rat plasma and hypothalami were fractionated by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the fractions were assayed in an in vitro bioassay for corticotropin-releasing activity. Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) bioactivity was found in many fractions with retention times of 20 50 min. In contrast, material derived from the plasma of rats stressed by ether anaesthesia yielded only one peak of CRF bioactivity, with a retention time of 47 48 min. These results suggest that ACTH can be released from isolated pituitary cells by a number of components derived from HPLC of extracts of rat hypothalami. It is possible, however, that some of these are artefacts of the extraction process from post-mortem material. Because the CRF activity found in plasma was homogeneous by HPLC, plasma can be used to obtain physiologically active CRF. PMID- 6601247 TI - Organization of ovine corticotropin-releasing factor immunoreactive cells and fibers in the rat brain: an immunohistochemical study. AB - The distribution of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-immunoreactive cells and fibers has been examined in the brains of normal adult rats, and in the brains of animals that had been pretreated with intraventricular injections of colchicine, or had been adrenalectomized 3-60 days before perfusion. The results suggest that CRF immunoreactivity is localized in at least three functionally distinct systems. First, most of the CRF-stained fibers in the neurohemal zone of the median eminence, which presumably modulate the release of ACTH and beta-endorphin from the pituitary, appear to arise in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). About 2,000 CRF-stained cells are distributed throughout all eight parts of the PVH, although a majority (80%) of the cells are concentrated in the parvocellular division, and a smaller number (about 15%) are found in parts of the magnocellular division in which oxytocinergic cells predominate. This appears to be the only CRF-stained pathway in the brain that is affected (increased staining intensity) by adrenalectomy. Second, a series of cell groups in the basal telencephalon, hypothalamus, and brain stem that are known to play a role in the mediation of autonomic responses contain CRF-stained neurons. These areas, which are interconnected by stained fibers in the medial forebrain bundle and the periventricular system, include the central nucleus of the amygdala, substantia innominata, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial and lateral preoptic areas, lateral hypothalamic area, central gray, laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, locus ceruleus, parabrachial nucleus, dorsal vagal complex, and regions containing the A1 and A5 catecholamine cell groups. And third, scattered CRF stained cells are found throughout most areas of the cerebral cortex. Most such cells are confined to layers II and III in the neocortex, and their bipolar shape suggests that they are interneurons. These cells are most common in limbic regions including prefrontal areas, the cingulate gyrus, and areas bordering the rhinal fissure. Scattered immunoreactive cells are also found in dorsal parts of the dentate gyrus and Ammon's horn. These results suggest that the PVH plays a critical role in the modulation of ACTH and beta-endorphin release from the pituitary, and that CRF-containing pathways in the brain are involved in the mediation of autonomic responses. PMID- 6601248 TI - Intraventricular cysticercosis. AB - The authors review their experience with 21 cases of intraventricular cysticercosis, which corresponded to 28% of all cases of neurocysticercosis in their department during an 18-month period. The surgical approach depends on the cyst's location; one uses the transcortical microsurgical approach to reach the lateral ventricles, the transcortical or transcallosal approach to reach the 3rd ventricle, and direct exploration to reach the 4th ventricle. Cysticercus cysts should be removed because they may produce acute or chronic hydrocephalus and, if the parasite dies within the ventricles, it will generate an inflammatory reaction with local and generalized ventriculitis, which produces irreversible neurological damage. PMID- 6601249 TI - Better and better beta-lactams. PMID- 6601250 TI - Early placenta previa and delivery outcome. AB - Ultrasound scan showed some degree of placenta previa in 503 patients. Of this group, 5.6% (28) had clinically significant bleeding or documented placenta previa at delivery. A scoring system based on placental localization was not successful in predicting who was at high risk for bleeding. However, the likelihood of clinically excessive bleeding did significantly increase if the placenta previa was noted after 30 weeks' gestation. The study did not find a greater incidence of small-for-gestational-age babies in women with low-lying placentas. PMID- 6601251 TI - Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and pregnancy. AB - Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a genetically transmitted disorder of connective tissue characterized by hyperelasticity of the skin, hyperflexibility and looseness of the joints, easy bruisability of the skin, and in the more severe forms of the disease, arterial fragility and tendency to rupture. Pregnant patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome are at increased risk for various complications, most serious of which is rupture of a major vessel. The present case report is the second known report of a maternal death from rupture of a major artery in a patient with the severe type IV variant of the syndrome. The advisability of pregnancy and genetic counseling are discussed. PMID- 6601252 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of cervical pregnancy. PMID- 6601253 TI - [Electric stimulation during formation of musculocutaneous canals in patients with defects of the upper limbs]. PMID- 6601254 TI - [Snow-crystal degeneration of the cornea]. PMID- 6601255 TI - Short communication. Photochemical reactions of riboflavin: covalent binding to DNA and to poly (dA) . poly (dT). AB - Standard phototherapy illumination of human cells in the presence of riboflavin is known to produce single-strand breaks in intracellular DNA. A new photochemical reaction is described between riboflavin and purified DNA in which an adduct is formed. Unlike the previously described oxygen-dependent reaction between light-activated riboflavin and deoxyguanosine, this new photochemical reaction is oxygen-independent and involves deoxyadenosine or thymidine. PMID- 6601256 TI - Sulfisoxazole chemoprophylaxis for frequent otitis media. AB - Sulfisoxazole, 75 mg/kg/d in two divided doses for 3 months, was administered in a double-blind placebo crossover study to 35 children aged 6 months to 5 years who had frequent recurring episodes of otitis media. There was a 40% reduction in the rate of otitis media among patients receiving sulfisoxazole compared with those receiving placebo (0.25 v 0.42 episode per patient-month) which did not depend on age, sex, season, or several other factors. Using a randomized order, among patients who received placebo first, there was a 64% reduction on sulfisoxazole therapy compared with placebo (0.20 v 0.56 episode per patient month). In this subgroup, there was significant improvement in eustachian tube function according to serial tympanograms. In the patients who received sulfisoxazole first, the rate of acute otitis remained low on placebo (0.28 v 0.30 episode per patient-month), and tympanogram patterns continued to improve after discontinuation of the active drug. These differences suggest a carry-over effect from the benefits of chemoprophylaxis. There was no significant difference in the species or sensitivity patterns of bacteria isolated from patients receiving sulisoxazole or placebo. Sulfisoxazole chemoprophylaxis appears to be safe and effective in significantly reducing episodes of otitis media and improving tympanogram patterns. PMID- 6601258 TI - Anti-inhibitor coagulant complex (Autoplex) in hemophilia inhibitor patients undergoing synovectomy. AB - Surgical synovectomy employed in the management of hemophilic arthropathy has been contraindicated in patients with inhibitors because of potential difficulties in achieving hemostasis. However, the development of activated prothrombin-complex concentrates has improved the management of hemophiliacs with inhibitors, particularly those with high levels of inhibitor for whom other treatment modalities are of minimal benefit. With the use of one of these activated products, Autoplex, surgical procedures have been successfully accomplished in hemophiliacs with inhibitors. Two inhibitor patients who each had severe arthropathy of one knee underwent elective surgical synovectomy while being treated with Autoplex. Hemostasis was achieved during the perioperative period in both patients. Neither patient exhibited clinical signs of suggestive of consumptive coagulopathy or thrombosis, side effects potentially associated with the use of activated prothrombin-complex concentrates. PMID- 6601257 TI - Dyskeratosis congenita: two examples of this multisystem disorder. AB - Two brothers with the X-linked disorder, dyskeratosis congenita, are described. They showed the dermatologic triad of reticular hyperpigmentation, dystrophic nails, and leukoplakia oris as well as the other major feature of this disorder, aplastic anemia. Less common features observed included prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, mental retardation, elevated immunoglobulin levels, and gastrointestinal hemorrhage from mucosal ulceration. Previously unreported findings were intracranial calcifications and nutmeg-like cirrhotic changes of the liver. These brothers demonstrated that skeletal changes and bony fragility may predate anemia or steroid therapy. Although a DNA repair defect is postulated as a possible primary defect, cytogenetic studies revealed no evidence of increased chromosomal breakage. PMID- 6601259 TI - Counterimmunoelectrophoresis of urine for diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia in pediatric outpatients. AB - Thirty-eight pediatric outpatients with pneumonia were studied by counterimmunoelectrophoresis for the presence of Haemophilus influenzae type b or pneumococcal antigenuria. Of the 38 patients eight (21%) had H influenzae type b antigenuria and two (5%) had pneumococcal antigenuria. H influenzae type b antigenuria was detected more frequently in patients less than 2 years of age than in older children. Urine counterimmunoelectrophoresis appears to be a useful tool for the etiologic diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia and should facilitate further studies of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical spectrum of this disease. PMID- 6601260 TI - Intracellular ion activities and equilibrium potentials in motoneurones and glia cells of the frog spinal cord. AB - Intra-and extracellular ion activities were measured with ion sensitive microelectrodes in motoneurones and glia cells of the spinal cord of the frog. These data were corrected for cross sensitivities of the ion exchangers to intracellular interfering ions, and equilibrium potentials for K +, Na +, Ca2 + and C1- (EK, ENa, ECa and EC1) were calculated. In motoneurones with membrane potentials exceeding -60 mV the following mean equilibrium potentials were determined. ENa = + 29.4mV, EK = -87.9 mV, ECa = + 52.6 mV, EC1 = -34.1 mV. The corresponding values for glia cells were: ENa = + 40.5 mV, EK = -84.0 mV, ECa = + 35.7 mV, EC1 = -59.7 mV. The intracellular ionic milieu is probably disturbed by the impalement of the cells. This transiently decreases the intracellular K + and increases intracellular Na +. These effects were estimated and their origin is discussed. The results of the experiments suggest a non-passive transmembrane distribution of K +, Na + and Ca2 + in motoneurones and glia cells, a non-passive transmembrane distribution of C1- in motoneurones, and a passive transmembrane distribution of C1- in glia cells. PMID- 6601261 TI - The ionic mechanism of the excitatory action of glutamate upon the membranes of motoneurones of the frog. AB - Simultaneous intra- and extracellular recordings with K+, Na+, Ca2+, and Cl- sensitive microelectrodes were performed in motoneurones of the spinal cord of the frog during depolarizations mediated by glutamate (GLUT) and by experimentally increased extracellular K+. Depolarization resulting from increased K+ activity (alpha K+) in the bathing solution evoked a decrease of intracellular Na+ activity (alpha Na+i); a transient increase of alpha Na+i accompanied by a decrease of alpha Na+e was observed during the depolarization induced by GLUT. Both modes of depolarization led to an increase of alpha Cl-i and a concomitant decrease of alpha Cl-e. An experimental increase of alpha K+e led to a threshold dependent increase of alpha Ca2+i by at least one order of magnitude and to an equally threshold dependent strong decrease of alpha Ca2+e. The threshold of these changes of alpha Ca2+ was at a membrane potential of -25 mV. During a depolarization of half the amplitude induced by GLUT a comparable increase of alpha Ca2+i and a smaller decrease of alpha Ca2+e were observed. The GLUT mediated changes of alpha Ca2+ were not threshold dependent and occurred synchronously with the onset of depolarization. A transient decrease of alpha K+i and a parallel strong increase of alpha K+e occurred during the GLUT induced depolarization. Depolarization evoked by an experimental increase of alpha K+e led to an increase of alpha K+i. The observed changes in the ionic composition of the intra- and extracellular fluids indicate that GLUT evokes an increase in membrane permeability to Na+ and Ca2+ and a subsequent influx of these ions into motoneurones, while the inward shift of Cl- and the outward shift of K+ are presumably passive. A voltage dependent Ca2+ influx is triggered at -25 mV membrane potential. PMID- 6601262 TI - [Marrow involvement in malignant histiocytosis. Apropos of the first 2 Moroccan cases]. AB - The clinical records and bone marrow cytology from two cases of malignant histiocytosis (MH) have been reviewed. Bone marrow films provide the diagnosis in the two patients. The infiltration of the marrow by neoplastic cell could only be identified in 50% of cases reported in the literature. PMID- 6601263 TI - Clearance of injected radioactively labelled antibodies to tumour products by liposome-bound second antibodies. AB - Liposomes containing anti-goat immunoglobulin were injected 24 h after administration of 125I-labelled goat antibody against the carcinoembryonic antigen (anti-CEA) to groups of nude mice bearing human tumour xenografts, and normal mice. Controls in each group received radioactively labelled anti-CEA only. In liposome-treated mice, blood 125I levels were lower than those of controls 30 min to 24 h after liposome administration, with corresponding accumulation of 125I activity in the liver and spleen for the first 2 h after liposome injection. [14C]Cholesterol or 99mTc labels in the bilayer were eliminated rapidly from the blood, with uptake in the liver and spleen. In xenograft-bearing mice, 125I activity detected in the tumours up to 6 h after liposome injection was identical to that detected in the tumours of controls. However, 24 h after liposome injection a reduction in the tumour concentration of 125I-labelled anti-CEA was obtained, but the tumour/blood radioactivity was still increased. In two mice given 27 mumol lipid, the blood radioactivity count after 24 h was only 5% of that in the controls. In rabbits, 2 h after administration of liposomes containing anti-goat second antibody, the circulating 125I activity had dropped by 28-40%. The results suggest that administration of liposome-entrapped second antibody approximately 2 h prior to external scintigraphy may clear circulating radioactively labelled primary antibody by up to 50%. PMID- 6601264 TI - Production of placental protein 5 (PP5) by non-malignant human fibroblasts in culture. Comparison with 'pregnancy-specific' glycoprotein (SP1). AB - Placental protein 5 (PP5) was detected by radioimmunoassay in the culture media from 11/19 (58%) of cell lines derived from non-malignant human fibroblasts. One line was studied in detail. Its rate of PP5 secretion was polyphasic, with maxima of 3.1 pmol/10(6) cells per 24 h on day 1, 1.7 on day 8 and 2.0 on day 14, and minima of 0.9 on day 4, 1.0 on day 10 and 0.7 on day 15 of culture. A discordance with the secretion of pregnancy-specific glycoprotein (SP1) was demonstrated; the SP1 concentration was constant initially at 2.9 pmol/10(6) cells per 24 h, followed by a steady decrease to 0.5 on day 15. A small amount of PP5 was retained in the cells, but usually less than 5% of that secreted. When the culture medium was changed daily, more PP5 and SP1 were produced than when the cells were grown in conditioned media. A cell line derived from a human fibrosarcoma produced SP1 at rates exceeding that of the normal fibroblasts, but PP5 production was not detected in the fibrosarcoma. PMID- 6601265 TI - Erythromycin-sulfisoxazole for persistent acute otitis media due to ampicillin resistant Haemophilus influenzae. AB - In patients with acute otitis media who had failed to improve with ampicillin therapy, 35% of Haemophilus strains isolated from the middle ear were ampicillin resistant. Twenty-nine children (24 of whom had failed to respond to ampicillin) were treated with 40 mg erythromycin ethylsuccinate per kg per day and 100 to 150 mg sulfisoxazole per kg per day. Middle ear exudate was cultured on chocolate and 5% sheep blood agar. Twenty-three of 29 Haemophilus isolates were nontypable, 10% (3 children) were type b, 2 were Haemophilus parainfluenzae and one was not typed. All strains were resistant to ampicillin by disc susceptibility testing, and 28 of 29 strains produced beta-lactamase. The minimal inhibitory concentration of ampicillin for 15 strains ranged from 3.12 to 100 micrograms/ml (median, 6.25 micrograms/ml). The erythromycin ethylsuccinate and acetyl sulfisoxazole combination was effective in treatment of acute otitis media secondary to ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae. After 10 days of erythromycin ethylsuccinate-sulfisoxazole therapy, 18 patients had normal tympanic membranes. Of 11 with middle ear effusion, 7 cleared, 3 had recurrent otitis media within 1 month and 1 had persistent otitis media with effusion. Our experience suggests the efficacy of this combination in otitis media caused by ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae. PMID- 6601266 TI - Emergence of beta-lactamase-producing strains of Branhamella catarrhalis as important agents of acute otitis media. AB - We performed a prospective study to monitor changes in the bacterial etiology of acute otitis media. Branhamella catarrhalis was isolated from middle ear exudates of 3 of 47 children (6.4%) studied between September 1979 and September 1980 and from 26 of 98 children (26.5%) studied between October 1980 and February 1982 (P = 0.0055). Twenty of 26 B. catarrhalis strains (76.9%) were found to be resistant to ampicillin and to produce beta-lactamase. In contrast only 2 of 26 strains of Haemophilus influenzae (7.7%) isolated from the same group of patients were resistant to ampicillin. We could not detect changes in culture methods, in demographic features, in patterns of medical care or in prior middle ear disease or antimicrobial drug usage, which might explain this striking increase in the relative importance of resistant strains of B. catarrhalis. PMID- 6601267 TI - Survival of a child after Haemophilus influenzae type b endocarditis. PMID- 6601268 TI - [Results of sclerotherapy in the treatment of hemorrhages from the rupture of esophageal varices]. PMID- 6601269 TI - [Neurosurgical possibilities in cancer pain]. PMID- 6601270 TI - [Indicators of the T- and B-systems of immunity in patients with diffuse toxic goiter]. AB - Several indices of the function of T- and B-immune systems were determined in patients with diffuse toxic goiter before treatment and at thyrotoxicosis compensatory stage. Sensitization of lymphocytes to thyroglobulin was observed in the majority of patients with the decompensatory stage of the disease. The experimental results of the lymphocyte migration inhibition test were not dependent on patient's sex and/or age, endocrine ophthalmopathy occurrence and titers of antibody to thyroglobulin. The function of T- and B-immune systems tended to normal in the treatment process. PMID- 6601271 TI - [Instructions on compiling a record of tuberculosis patient contingents]. PMID- 6601272 TI - P85gag-mos encoded by ts110 Moloney murine sarcoma virus has an associated protein kinase activity. AB - A protein identified as P85(gag-mos) was shown to be phosphorylated when immunoprecipitates from ts110 Moloney murine sarcoma virus transformed nonproducer cells (clone 6m2) were incubated with [gamma-(32)P]ATP. The in vitro labeled 85,000-dalton phosphoprotein comigrated on NaDodSO(4)/polyacrylamide gels with authentic phosphorylated P85(gag-mos). Immunoprecipitates obtained with antisera prepared against Rauscher murine leukemia virus core protein p30 were active in the immune complex kinase assay but anti-murine leukemia virus p10 precipitates were not. Previous studies have shown that anti-p30 but not anti-p10 antisera recognize P85(gag-mos). The 6m2 clone has been shown to express P85(gag mos) at 33 degrees C but not at 39 degrees C. Anti-p30 immune complexes from 6m2 cells maintained at 39 degrees C failed to phosphorylate the 85,000-dalton protein. Furthermore, the in vitro phosphorylated 85,000-dalton protein gave the same pattern of V8 protease-generated cleavage products as in vivo(32)P-labeled P85(gag-mos). We conclude from these results that P85(gag-mos) is phosphorylated in anti-p30 immune complex kinase reactions. Phosphoamino acid analyses indicated that the in vitro phosphorylated P85(gag-mos) contained phosphoserine and phosphothreonine. Our findings indicate that incubation of anti-p30 immunoprecipitates at 39 degrees C drastically reduced, in a specific way, the kinase activity associated with P85(gag-mos). This result and other data suggest that the kinase is virus-encoded. Because P85(gag-mos), but not Pr65(gag) is phosphorylated in anti-p30 immunoprecipitates from MuLV-MuSV ts110 producer cells, the kinase enzyme is associated with P85(gag-mos) and not gag gene products. A second major polypeptide of the size of P58(gag) was also phosphorylated in anti-p30 immunoprecipitates from cells maintained at 33 degrees C but not at 39 degrees C. Since 6m2 cells at 39 degrees C contain P58(gag), this is also consistent with the kinase activity being associated with P85(gag-mos). PMID- 6601273 TI - Isolation of plasma membrane domains from murine T lymphocytes. AB - Murine T-lymphoma cells have been homogenized in dense sucrose solution and centrifuged under isopycnic conditions for membrane components. Floating fractions banding between 10% and 22.5% sucrose ("light" membranes) and between 22.5% and 35% sucrose ("heavy" membranes) were shown to consist of smooth membrane vesicles. The amounts of cholesterol and phospholipids recovered after chloroform/methanol extraction were similar in both fractions, but heavy membranes contained two to three times more protein than light membranes. The most striking difference between the two membrane fractions was revealed by their labeled surface glycoprotein patterns on polyacrylamide gels, suggesting that (i) the smooth membrane vesicles originated from the plasma membrane and (ii) two distinct segments of the plasma membrane can be recovered in fractions characterized by specific surface glycoproteins. Light membranes were enriched in Thy-1 antigen, whereas Ly-5 antigen and a 170,000-dalton surface glycoprotein were recovered almost exclusively from heavy membranes, as were metabolically labeled protein spots comigrating with the H-2k/d antigen in two-dimensional electrophoresis. The patterns of the unlabeled proteins in light and heavy membranes appeared similar, except for polypeptides of 180,000 and 85,000 daltons that were found preferentially in heavy membranes. These results support the concept of plasma membrane domains by showing that two distinct populations of plasma membrane vesicles can be isolated and that these populations contain different sets of cell surface glycoproteins. PMID- 6601274 TI - Interaction of blood platelets with a microfibrillar extract from adult bovine aorta: requirement for von Willebrand factor. AB - Adult bovine aortic tissue was treated with 6 M guanidinium chloride in the presence of proteinase inhibitors to obtain an extract that was essentially devoid of collagenous components and appeared homogeneous by electron microscopy. When this extract was dispersed by sonication it was found to be a very potent inducer of human platelet aggregation. This interaction required the presence of von Willebrand factor and of its receptor (glycoprotein Ib) on platelet membrane. This was demonstrated by the fact that the aggregation of normal blood platelets resuspended in plasmas deficient in von Willebrand factor was significantly diminished as compared to aggregation in control plasma. Moreover, this aggregation was inhibited by a monoclonal antibody, IgG AN51, to platelet glycoprotein Ib. These studies provide direct biochemical evidence for the existence of a thrombogenic constituent of the vessel wall that is noncollagenous and von Willebrand factor-dependent. PMID- 6601275 TI - Cloned measles virus-specific T lymphocytes from a twin with multiple sclerosis. AB - A measles virus-specific T lymphocyte clone derived from a measles-responder twin with multiple sclerosis has been produced. The cloned cells proliferate in response to measles virus but not mumps, vaccinia, or canine distemper viruses. The clone recognizes an antigen that is distributed in both the membrane and cytoplasmic fractions of cells infected with measles virus. Antigen is presented to the clone equally well by irradiated mononuclear cells obtained from the autologous subject and from her healthy, measles-nonresponder, HLA-identical twin. Studies with a panel of HLA-typed irradiated mononuclear cells indicate that antigen is presented to the clone in the context of a gene product linked to, but not identical with, HLA-DRw2. The clone produces interleukin 2 and has surface determinants recognized by OKT-3, OKT-4, and anti-HLA-DR monoclonal antibodies, but not by OKT-8. It thus appears to belong to the helper/inducer subpopulation of T lymphocytes. PMID- 6601276 TI - Identification of human T cell leukemia virus in a Japanese patient with adult T cell leukemia and cutaneous lymphomatous vasculitis. AB - We have identified a Japanese patient with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) whose T cells in vitro produced the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV). This patient presented with lymphomatous arthritis and leukemia and subsequently developed skin lesions. Skin invasion by malignant T-cells was angiocentric and produced vessel wall destruction, resulting in necrotic cutaneous tumor nodules. Malignant T cells in peripheral blood, skin, and joint prior to culture in vitro did not express p19 HTLV-associated antigen. However, by electron microscopy, intracellular type C viral particles were seen in skin-infiltrating T cells. Peripheral blood malignant cells after 7 days in culture with T-cell growth factor-supplemented media expressed p19 antigen, and type C virus particles were seen by electron microscopy to be budding from malignant T lymphocytes. Mitomycin C-treated peripheral-blood T cells induced the transformation of cord blood T cells into HTLV-infected p19+ T cells. The demonstration of HTLV in malignant T cells from our patient confirms the association of HTLV with Japanese adult T cell leukemia. Moreover, HTLV may be associated with a vasculitis-arthritis syndrome. PMID- 6601277 TI - C3d receptors are expressed on human monocytes after in vitro cultivation. AB - Highly purified human third component of complement (C3) was used to coat sheep erythrocytes (E) that were sensitized with IgM antibody (EA), forming EAC3b over a wide range of C3 molecules per cell. EAC3b were converted to EAC3bi by incubation with purified C3b inactivator (factor I) and beta 1H globulin (factor H). EAC3bi were in turn trypsinized to produce the cellular intermediate EAC3d. Each of the cell types was carefully characterized to be certain of the type of C3 determinant expressed. These cellular complement intermediates were used to assess by rosette formation the C3 receptor activity on peripheral blood monocytes under various experimental conditions. Uncultivated monocytes from peripheral blood bound EAC3b and EAC3bi well but did not bind EAC3d significantly. However, upon cultivation on glass surfaces in the presence of fetal calf serum but not bovine serum albumin, monocytes showed a progressive increase in expression of the C3d receptor. The Fab' fragment of anti-C3c blocked binding of EAC3b completely, blocked EAC3bi partially, but failed to block binding of EAC3d to cultivated monocytes. In contrast, the Fab' fragment of anti C3d blocked EAC3d rosette formation completely. These studies demonstrate that monocytes are capable of expressing receptor activity for a determinant on C3d but that the expression of this receptor depends on the state of activation or differentiation of the cells. PMID- 6601278 TI - Interstrain comparison of avoidance behavior and neurochemical parameters of brain cholinergic function. AB - Five rat strains (Long-Evans Hooded, Zivic Miller, Lewis, Buffalo and Fischer 344) were tested in a shuttlebox conditioned avoidance task and the differences in the performance levels among the strains were noted. In parallel experiments using naive rats, the acetylcholine concentrations in eight brain regions and the acetylcholine turnover rate in five brain regions were determined for these strains. Interstrain differences in these parameters were found but no correlation between avoidance performance and either of these measures was apparent in any brain region studied. In separate experiments, no differences were found in the hippocampal acetylcholine concentration or the turnover rate among good performing Hooded, poor performing Hooded or untested Hooded rats. Similarly, no differences in regional acetylcholine turnover rates were found between naive rats of the Iowa Reactive and Nonreactive strains. [3H]-QNB (quinuclidinyl benzilate) binding was studied in three brain regions in the five strains, but no large interstrain differences in binding characteristics were found. In contrast to interpretations of other workers based on less direct assay methods involving fewer strains, we conclude that no strong correlation exists between avoidance performance ability and basal levels of brain cholinergic activity. PMID- 6601279 TI - Strength changes in the normal quadriceps femoris muscle as a result of electrical stimulation. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of an electronic muscle stimulator in strengthening normal quadriceps femoris muscle without the assistance of simultaneous isometric muscle contraction. The sample consisted of 58 subjects who were randomly divided into three independent groups. One group (n = 19) served as controls; one group (n = 20) underwent daily stimulation of the right quadriceps femoris muscle using a specified protocol; and one group (n = 19) underwent isometric strengthening of the quadriceps femoris muscle using a specified protocol. The mechanical force of isometric quadriceps femoris muscle contraction was recorded weekly for the three groups, and the initial and final values were subjected to an analysis of covariance. The electrical-stimulation and isometric-exercise groups had statistically significant increases in quadriceps femoris muscle torque when compared with the nonexercised controls (p less than .001). The data supported the use of this electronic stimulator as an appropriate device for strengthening skeletal muscle without voluntary effort. PMID- 6601280 TI - [Epidemiology of varicose veins]. AB - Having recalled the classic works on epidemiology, and having mentioned recent research, the author then considers: 1) Fundamental epidemiological facts. He shows that there is a zone of great varicose occurrence (Western Europe, North America); a zone of mild occurrence (Black Africa, the Far East, the Third World in general); and zones showing discrepancies, (South America, the Mediterranean Basin, India). 2) Explanatory hypotheses concerning the upright posture of Man; prolonged standing; heredity, both clinical (work done by Merlen) and biological (work by Niebes), affecting the biochemical structure of the venous wall producing degradation of the conjunctive tissue; our way of dressing; the seated position. The terms of a plausible hypothesis must include all the elements defined by Burkitt. 3) Research axes: the role of abdominal hyper-pressure proved by Doppler examination (Folse), provoked by constipation (Cleave) and the idea of an alimentary factor. PMID- 6601281 TI - The subarachnoid spaces in children: normal variations in size. AB - Intra- and extraventricular subarachnoid spaces in children were studied by high resolution computed tomography. Scans were reviewed of 34 patients who were selected as highly likely to have normal scans. Sizes of the ventricular system and the seven extraventricular subarachnoid compartments were analyzed and graded on a subjective scale from 0 (not visible) to 4 (markedly enlarged). Data were also analyzed by age group (greater or less than 2 years of age). The subarachnoid spaces were found to be both larger and more variable in size before the age of 2 years and to be quite uniform thereafter. Based on these findings, it is inadvisable to base specific diagnoses during the first 2 years of life solely upon modest enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces. PMID- 6601282 TI - Multiaxial tomography of heart chambers by gated blood-pool emission computed tomography using a rotating gamma camera. AB - Fifteen patients and three volunteers underwent radionuclide blood-pool cardiac studies with electrocardiographic gating. Following conventional planar-gated imaging (anterior and left anterior oblique projections), emission computed tomography (ECT), using a rotating gamma camera, was performed. A series of transaxial tomograms of the cardiac chambers was obtained. The left ventricular short-axis plane, long-axis plane, and four-chamber-view plane were then reorganized; each chamber was visualized separately. Compared to gated planar imaging, this technique showed regional asynergy more clearly in patients with myocardial infarction and demonstrated dilatation of the atria and ventricles more accurately in patients with an atrial septal defect and valvular heart diseases. In addition, when a section of the heart is obtained at any angle with gated blood-pool ECT, three-dimensional assessment of cardiac chambers in motion is more precise; mutual superimposition becomes unnecessary. PMID- 6601283 TI - The technetium-99m-sulfur colloid angiogram in suspected gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - Dynamic radionuclide angiography (5-sec. images) with technetium-99m-sulfur colloid proved to be helpful in 5 patients who presented with gastrointestinal bleeding. In 2, intermittently bleeding hypervascular lesions were seen on dynamic but not on static images; in 2 others, the dynamic images demonstrated hypervascular lesions better than the static scans; and in 1, the radionuclide angiogram localized colonic bleeding more accurately because of rapid peristalsis of extravasated tracer. The addition of the radionuclide angiogram to routine scintigraphy for gastrointestinal bleeding may be crucial for identification of hypervascular lesions and precise localization of bleeding sites. PMID- 6601284 TI - A cytotoxic T-lymphocyte line propagated from a rabbit infected with sheep associated malignant catarrhal fever. AB - The propagation of a cell line from a rabbit affected with the sheep associated form of malignant catarrhal fever is described. Immunological and morphological characteristics of the cell indicated that it was a T-lymphocyte and the presence of electron dense cytoplasmic granules suggested that the cell could be further classified as a large granular lymphocyte. The cell line required a feeder layer and was cytotoxic to both primary cell cultures and cell lines, a characteristic of large granular lymphocytes. No evidence of the nature of the agent could be detected but as few as 10(2) cells transmitted the disease. These findings are discussed and the possibility that infection and subsequent dysfunction of large granular lymphocytes may have a central role in the pathogenesis of malignant catarrhal fever is considered. That cells with similar characteristics have been derived from Herpesvirus saimiri and H ateles infected marmoset lymphocytes suggests that the lymphoproliferation associated with infection by these two simian herpes-viruses and malignant catarrhal fever may have a similar pathogenesis. PMID- 6601285 TI - Blood and lymph node T-lymphocyte subsets in non-Hodgkin lymphomas. AB - Blood and lymph node T-lymphocyte subpopulations have been studied in untreated non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients and healthy controls. T-lymphocytes were determined by the E-rosette technique and by OKT3/LEU4 monoclonal antibodies; OKT4/LEU3 and OKT8/LEU2 monoclonal antibodies were used to identify T-cell subsets with helper/inducer and suppressor/cytotoxic activity, respectively. OKT4+ T-cells were low in patients, while OKT8+ T-cell numbers were normal. The OKT4+/OKT8+ blood lymphocyte ratio was below the normal range in about 50% of the patients. The ratio was higher in lymph nodes than in blood of patients and controls. The results may suggest that untreated NHL patients have a reduced pool of T-cells with phenotypic markers of OKT4/LEU3. Monoclonal blood B-lymphocytes were found in 45% of the cases. The presence of such cells in blood was frequently associated with a low OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio. PMID- 6601286 TI - Surface glycoprotein patterns of B type chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells correlate with the clinical activity of the disease. AB - The surface glycoprotein patterns of leukaemic B lymphocytes from 20 patients with clinically progressive or non-progressive chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) were investigated. Cells were labelled by the neuraminidase-galactose oxidase-tritiated sodium borohydride technique and the radioactive proteins were separated by polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis and visualized by fluorography. A total of 13 to 16 bands were detected. A common surface glycoprotein pattern for CLL cells was seen in all patients consisting of 7 proteins with the apparent molecular weights of 210, 200, 185, 150, 135, 110 and 90 kilodaltons, respectively. Interesting differences were, however, observed as cells from patients with progressive CLL in general lacked the glycoproteins 120, 72 and 67 K, which were found on cells from inactive CLL. The possible biological and clinical significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 6601287 TI - Malignant histiocytosis. The diagnosis based on chromosomal, immunologic and histiopathologic analysis. AB - A 38-year-old female suffered for several months from persistent fever without signs of infectious or immunologic disease. 57Co-bleomycin scintigraphy revealed abnormal concentration in the liver. Following a diagnostic laparotomy, the patient died from abdominal haemorrhage. Malignant cell infiltration was demonstrated in a biopsy from the liver. Histiocytic cells were demonstrated in a bone marrow smear obtained shortly before death. Investigation of cultured lymphocytes obtained from the patient the day before she died showed deficiency of T-lymphocytes. Investigations of chromosomes delineated several clones with polyploidi. The diagnosis of malignant histiocytosis was based on erythrophagocytosis, and immunologic and chromosomal aberrations. If malignant histiocytosis is the primary disease, a terminal stage of different diseases or a sign of complication secondary to immuno incompetence (e.g. virus infection) is an open question. PMID- 6601288 TI - Fatal meningitis following lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection reflects delayed-type hypersensitivity rather than cytotoxicity. AB - Fatal meningitis following intracerebral inoculation of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) reflects an immunopathological lesion believed to be mediated by cytotoxic T cells. The results presented here demonstrate that pretreatment with cyclophosphamide (Cy; 150 mg/kg body weight) 2 days before intracerebral infection significantly reduced the lethality of the infection. However, this treatment did not impair the antiviral cytotoxic response as measured in the spleen. On the other hand, virus-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was significantly reduced. This reduction seems to be the result of a Cy-induced lack of non-committed ancillary cells since: (1) virus primed spleen cells from Cy-pretreated donors conferred normal LCMV-specific DTH to naive recipients; (2) transfer of virus-primed spleen cells from untreated donors did not increase the suppressed DTH response of the Cy-pretreated mice; and (3) inoculation of irrelevant antigen and antigen-primed spleen cells into the footpads of Cy-pretreated, infected mice resulted in a significantly reduced footpad swelling as compared with untreated, infected controls. Taken together, these results indicate that LCMV-induced meningitis does not solely represent T cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vivo but that a fatal outcome of the infection critically involves not only effector T cells but also ancillary cells. PMID- 6601289 TI - Delineation of subsets in human B-cell lymphomas by a set of monoclonal antibodies raised against B lymphoma cells. AB - Murine hybridoma antibodies to a human B-cell lymphoma were developed. After screening against normal T cells, monocytes, and granulocytes 11 antibodies that reacted with cells from other B-cell lymphomas remained, of which 10 showed individually distinct staining patterns, as tested by indirect fluorescence. When tested against lymphomas or cell lines, none of these antibodies revealed staining patterns suggesting reactivity with conventional B-cell surface markers, such as immunoglobulin, complement factor 3 receptors, or HLA-DR antigens. Only one of the antibodies (GB1) reacted with human serum, as determined by a blocking assay. The antibodies were found to belong to different immunoglobulin isotypes. Two antibodies (GB13 and GB14) reacted with greater than 5% of normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These reactions were mainly due to reactivity with B cells. The antibodies reacted only in a few cases with acute leukaemias, B-cell lines, and follicular lymphomas. On the other hand, distinct patterns of reactivity in different histological groups of diffuse lymphomas were obtained, suggesting that the antibodies may be useful in delineating phenotypic subsets among human B-cell lymphomas. PMID- 6601290 TI - A VH-associated idiotype in human anti-tetanus antibodies. PMID- 6601291 TI - Origin of peripheral blood macrophages in bursa-cell-reconstituted chickens. Further evidence of MHC-restricted interactions between T and B lymphocytes. AB - MHC class-I antigens on peripheral blood macrophages and bursa cells were analysed after adoptive bursa cell transfer to cyclophosphamide-treated immunodeficient chickens. We studied the expression of B-F locus-encoded antigens (B-F is homologous to mouse H-2K, D) on macrophages and B cells and found that macrophage B-F antigens are of host origin, whereas bursa cells express only donor-type B-F antigens. Both syngeneic and allogeneic bursa cells restored IgM antibody production to a T-cell-independent antigen, Brucella, but only syngeneic bursa cells could restore the IgG antibody response to a thymus-dependent antigen, sheep erythrocytes. The results indicate that B-cell maturation and macrophage-B-cell interaction are not MHC-restricted but that a restriction exists in T-cell-B-cell collaboration. PMID- 6601292 TI - Immune responses during human schistosomiasis mansoni. IX. T-lymphocyte subset analysis by monoclonal antibodies in hepatosplenic disease. AB - T lymphocyte immunoregulatory subsets (T4+ and T8+ cells) have been analysed in eight cases of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni, and compared to parallel analyses of seven intestinal Schistosoma mansoni-infected patients and four uninfected control subjects. The mean T4+:T8+ ratio in hepatosplenic cases was markedly less than observed in other groups (0.94 vs 1.86 vs 2.22, respectively). Proliferative responses stimulated by a soluble adult worm extract correlated directly with the observed T4:T8 ratios. Normal levels of E rosette-positive and surface immunoglobulin-bearing lymphoid cells were observed in intestinal patients, while hepatosplenic patients demonstrated normal B lymphocyte proportions but highly erratic E rosette-positive percentages. Curiously, in hepatosplenic patients the percentage of E rosette-positive cells often did not correlate with the proportion of T3+ cells. PMID- 6601293 TI - In vivo elimination of allogeneic lymphocytes in normal and T-cell-deficient rats. Elimination does not require T cells. AB - The distribution of allogeneic and syngeneic thoracic duct lymphocytes was studied over 24 h in normal and T-cell-deficient animals (thymectomized, irradiated rats, 'B rats', or congenitally athymic nude rats). Initial migration from blood was no less for allogenic than for syngeneic cells. After 24 h, however, a marked deficit of radioactively labelled allogeneic cells as compared with syngeneic cells was found in the lymphoid tissue, whereas the allogeneic isotope was recovered in a relatively greater amount in liver, kidneys, and cell free plasma and lymph. Most of the allogeneic cells are evidently destroyed within the first 24 h and their isotope released into body fluids. Our studies also revealed this process to be even more evident in T-cell-depleted environments. Autoradiographic studies of recipient nude rat spleens showed that allogeneic cells were not found in the great number seen in syngeneic transfers, but a high grain density in the periarteriolar lymphocyte sheath area could be observed. Granula seemed to be predominantly located over large nonlymphoid cells. The elimination of allogeneic lymphocytes is therefore governed by mechanisms independent of an intact thymus and may be due to a cell population or factor more active in nude animals than in their non-nude littermates. PMID- 6601294 TI - Lymphoid cell responses to bacterial cell wall components: murine B-cell responses to a purified cell wall moiety of Actinomyces. AB - A mitogenic component, designated fraction C (Fr C), has been purified from a mutanolysin enzyme digest of Actinomyces cell walls by CM Sephadex C-25 ion exchange and G-100 gel filtration chromatography. Good mitogenic responses were obtained with Fr C over a broad dose range with peak mitogenesis seen with 500 micrograms/culture. Fraction C (mol. wt. = 35,000-40,000) consists of 75% carbohydrate and 23% protein, is non-dialysable, resistant to heat, lysozyme or protease treatment, and partially sensitive to base, and all mitogenic activity is destroyed by either periodate or acid treatment. Fraction C is a B-cell mitogen since it induced responses in nude (nu/nu) and nu/+ BALB/c spleen cell cultures and purified splenic B-cell cultures, but did not stimulate purified splenic T-cell cultures. Similar mitogenic fractions for B cells have been obtained from cell walls of A. naeslundii and from a human isolate of A. viscosus. Good polyclonal IgM synthesis and plaque-forming cell responses to hapten or erythrocytes were obtained in vitro with the purified cell wall fractions derived from all three Actinomyces strains studied. These results indicate that the Actinomyces cell wall possesses a carbohydrate-rich component which activates B cells and may represent a common determinant of this genus. PMID- 6601295 TI - Induction of human T colony formation by phorbol myristate acetate. AB - Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) is a potent inducer of T colony formation by peripheral blood lymphocytes. A mean cloning efficiency of 0.3% (0.05-0.5%) is obtained with PMA concentrations of 100-1000 ng/ml. PMA-induced T colony formation does not require the presence of monocytes and therefore differs from other mitogens in this respect. Purified T-colony-promoting activity (TCPA) (devoid of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)) increases PMA-induced T colony numbers and induces T colony formation at low PMA doses (0.01 to 1 ng), concentrations at which no T colonies are detected in the absence of added TCPA. PMA-induced colonies are mainly composed of cells bearing Fc receptors for IgM (54%), which is not the case for colonies obtained with PHA (11%). PMA-induced colony cells do not bind OKT3 and OKT4 monoclonal antibodies, whereas 23% are able to bind OKT8 antibody. These results demonstrate that PMA is a potent inducer of T colony formation and may therefore serve as a useful tool for the study of T-cell differentiation. PMID- 6601296 TI - Activation of macrophages by in vitro allostimulated T cells. AB - Murine peritoneal macrophages, parabiotically co-cultured with combinations of in vitro H-2 sensitized thymus-derived lymphocytes obtained from drug-pretreated mice, possessed an increased cytotoxicity against alloantibody-coated target cells. This heightened activity appeared to be accentuated by and dependent on T cell synergy. After 5 days of in vitro allosensitization at 37 degrees C, cortisone-resistant thymocytes allosensitized in combination with cyclophosphamide-pretreated splenic T cells released molecules that produced strong antibody-dependent macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). This enhanced ADCC correlated with increased macrophage rosetting with IgG-sensitized erythrocytes. These heightened activities resulted from soluble mediators released by the activated T cells which diffused across a 0.22-microns Millipore filter and were not dependent on lymphocyte-macrophage contact. Evidence that these molecules originated from the highly enriched T-cell populations and were not synthesized de novo by macrophages was supported by results of pretreatment with protein and RNA synthesis inhibitors. Evidence that soluble Fc receptors released from the alloactivated T cells were responsible for the increased macrophage EA binding and ADCC was obtained in affinity chromatography experiments in which activity could be depleted by passage over a Sepharose-Fc coupled column and recovered in the column eluate. PMID- 6601297 TI - Analysis of the repertoire of anti-idiotypic B-cell responses to self-I-Ak- or -I Ek-reactive monoclonal antibodies in A.TL mice. AB - Twenty anti-idiotypic antisera (anti-Ids) were produced in A.TL mice to self-I-Ak or -I-Ek-reactive monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), constructed in the A.TH anti-A.TL combination. The reactivity of these anti-Ids was examined in a panel of 31 anti Iak A.TH mAbs, using direct idiotype binding, cross-competitive inhibition of idiotype binding, and isoelectrofocusing (IEF) assays. Among 13 anti-Ids produced against anti-I-Ak mAbs, one only recognized individual idiotypic specificities (IdIs) on its corresponding mAb, while the 12 others identified homologous IdIs and recurrent idiotypic specificities also expressed on heterologous anti-I-Ak and/or I-Ek mAbs. Two sets of major cross-reactive idiotypes (IdXs) were characterized on two groups of mAbs recognizing public Ia.1, I-Ak,f,u and r) or private (Ia.2, I-Ak) determinants clustered in two spatially distinct epitope regions of the I-Ak molecule, respectively. By contrast, most (5/7) of the anti Ids raised against mAbs recognizing polymorphic or monomorphic (Ia.7-like) I-Ek determinants displayed specificity apparently restricted to their corresponding mAb IdIs. This finding contrasted with the previous characterization, using xenogeneic anti-idiotypic reagents, of an interstrain IdX expressed on all mAbs defining Ia.7-like determinants in the IEk epitope group I. These data indicate that A.TL mice can readily develop anti-idiotypic responses towards self Ia reactive mAb minor idiotypes (IdIs) and that recognition of anti-Iak mAb IdXs in such mice is preferentially observed when anti-I-Ak mAbs are used as immunogens. PMID- 6601298 TI - Heterogeneity of antilymphocyte antibody in SLE and its correlation with disease activity. AB - The cytotoxic activities of individual lupus sera were demonstrated against T gamma cells, T gamma (-) cells and B cells. Immunoglobulin classes were also determined in these antilymphocyte antibodies (ALA) in SLE. T gamma-specific ALA and B-cell-specific ALA were almost equally distributed as regards IgG-dominant type, mixed IgG and IgM type and IgM dominant type, while IgM dominant type was predominant in T gamma (-)-specific ALA. Only the IgG type of T gamma-specific ALA among these ALA was significantly associated with clinical parameters, including hypocomplementemia, elevated immune complex levels and high anti-double stranded (ds) DNA titres. Serial studies on ALA in a typical case of SLE were performed. Active clinical signs were associated with elevated cytotoxicities of IgG type of T gamma-specific ALA and with relatively low cytotoxicities of the IgM type, whereas after massive corticosteroid therapy, these signs disappeared in tact with the reduction in cytotoxic activities of IgG type of the ALA and the relative rise in cytotoxicities of IgM type of the ALA. These results suggested that IgG class of T gamma-specific ALA seemed to play a major role among several types of ALA in SLE. PMID- 6601299 TI - Formation in vitro of sperm pronuclei and mitotic chromosomes induced by amphibian ooplasmic components. AB - A cell-free preparation of the cytoplasm from activated eggs of Rana pipiens induces, in demembranated sperm nuclei of Xenopus laevis, formation of a nuclear envelope, chromatin decondensation, initiation of DNA synthesis, and chromosome condensation. Both soluble and particulate cytoplasmic constituents are required to initiate these processes in vitro. The observed changes resemble processes occurring during fertilization and the mitotic cycle in early amphibian embryos. Therefore, this cell-free system may be useful in biochemical analysis of the interactions of nucleus and cytoplasm that control nuclear behavior. PMID- 6601300 TI - Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with portal hypertension: a correlation of endoscopic findings with etiology. AB - Esophagogastric variceal hemorrhage is a common cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with portal hypertension. In addition, it is now recognized that patients with alcohol-induced chronic liver disease and portal hypertension frequently bleed from acute mucosal lesions. Since alcohol can cause these lesions in the absence of portal hypertension, we evaluated 28 episodes of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients with portal hypertension who did not consume alcohol. Varices were the source of blood loss in 86% of our cases, and no bleeding episodes were attributable to acute mucosal lesions. Acute mucosal lesions, therefore, appear to be uncommon causes of bleeding in nonalcoholic patients with portal hypertension. PMID- 6601301 TI - Endoscopic sclerotherapy for management of variceal bleeding. PMID- 6601302 TI - Chylous ascites: resolution after Denver peritoneovenous shunt. AB - Chylous ascites complicating a Warren shunt was successfully treated with a Denver peritoneovenous shunt. There was spontaneous closure of the chylous peritoneal fistula seven months after the Denver shunt was inserted. This approach obviates the nutritional and septic complications of repeated paracentesis in the management of patients with chylous ascites. PMID- 6601303 TI - [Efficacy of treating chronic colitis patients with electropuncture]. PMID- 6601304 TI - [Ulcerated granuloma around the appendiceal stump as a source of massive enterorrhagia]. PMID- 6601305 TI - Selection of membrane IgM- variants from a mIgM+ murine B lymphoma cell: problems and solutions. AB - We have used antibody-mediated complement killing to isolate membrane IgM negative (mIgM-) variants from the mIgM+ murine B cell lymphoma, WEHI 279.1. This procedure has been used previously to select variants which lack expression of other cell-surface antigens on lymphoid cells. In those experiments, multiple rounds of selection have often been required for selection of the negative variants. We found that many cycles of selection produced very few variants and that those isolated had reduced, but still measurable, levels of mIgM. We were able to select large numbers of stable mIgM- variants by subjecting the populations with reduced levels of mIgM to two rounds of immunoselection within one cell cycle. These variants are stable and exhibit a variety of defects which are all expressed as a failure to display IgM on their external surface. Analysis of these variant clones at the biochemical level will begin to define the requirements for proper display of mIgM on the cell membrane of B lymphoma cells. PMID- 6601306 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. AB - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging has reached the point at which it is clear that such images will have a definite role in clinical practice. This article reviews the basic physical principles of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, its current uses in disorders of the central nervous system, and its potential future applications in this field. The technique is also compared with computed tomography and positron emission tomography. Because nuclear magnetic resonance imaging is still in its infancy and its potential is great, definitive statements on present clinical use are difficult. Continual change and expansion of the role of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging in clinical practice in the next few years should be the rule. PMID- 6601307 TI - Nocturnal dyspnea treated by diaphragm pacing. PMID- 6601308 TI - Meningiomas of the posterior fossa. AB - Clinical and surgical results in 38 cases of posterior fossa meningiomas are presented. All cases have been diagnosed and operated upon during the last 12 years in this department. We have identified five locations for these tumors: cerebellopontine angle, cerebellar convexity, tentorium, peritorcular, and clivus. Clinical features of these tumors and their surgical management are described. Sixty-eight percent of the cases presented have been diagnosed by computed tomography scan. All cases were operated upon with a 15.78% postoperative mortality; 36.85% of the patients remained symptom-free; 26.32% suffered mild neurological deficits; and 21.05% suffered severe neurological deficits. Total resection had been accomplished in 84.22% of the cases. Computed tomography scans allow earlier and more accurate diagnosis of these tumors, which in our opinion has modified the surgical results for the better. We discuss our findings and compare them with other published articles. PMID- 6601309 TI - Third ventricular colloid cysts presenting with acute neurological deterioration. AB - Colloid cysts may be found in any part of the third ventricle. The authors report that four out of 12 patients with colloid cysts of the third ventricle suffered acute neurological deterioration, and unilateral ventriculostomy resulted in dramatic recovery in two patients. Unilateral ventriculostomy followed by clinical assessment and computed tomographic scanning is an acceptable approach in emergency situations; computed tomographic scanning allows early detection of third ventricular colloid cysts. Ventriculoperitoneal shunting provides a laternative measure to surgical removal of the cyst. Definitive management soon after diagnosis and before acute neurological deterioration is recommended. The cases presenting with sudden death in the literature are reviewed. PMID- 6601310 TI - Vertebral histiocytosis-X causing spinal cord compression. AB - An unusual case of spinal cord compression caused by histiocytosis-X of the vertebral body of T-7 was recently operated upon in our department; the case was diagnosed during the operation by means of the squash-smear cytologic technique. Characteristic cytologic features were the presence of sparse eosinophilic leukocytes containing mature, multilobed nucleai and sharp, rather coarse, cytoplasmic granules; abundant histiocytes with round to oval, sometimes indented nuclei and finely granular cytoplasm; and giant, multinucleated cells, as those seen in granulomatous lesions. These cytotypes were grouped to form a monotone, but highly characteristic pattern. We think the reported picture is diagnosic of the pathologic entity under discussion. PMID- 6601311 TI - Left gastric arteriovenous fistula after selective distal splenorenal shunt. AB - We present the case of a 64-year-old alcoholic who had suffered two episodes of hemorrhage from esophageal varices. For control of variceal hemorrhage, he underwent a distal splenorenal shunt. His immediate postoperative course was complicated by the development of marked ascites and intermittent episodes of encephalopathy. Routine postoperative angiography was performed after 4 months and demonstrated a fistula between the left gastric artery and vein. Patency of the shunt was demonstrated by direct percutaneous splenoportography. Two months after this admission, the patient was readmitted with the complaints of anorexia and nausea. Marked encephalopathy was noted. Eight hours following admission, he developed acute abdominal distention and hypotension. An abdominal tap revealed bloody fluid, and the patient was immediately prepared for transport to the operating room. He suffered cardiac arrest during transport, and all efforts at resuscitation were unsuccessful. Although a postmortem examination was not performed, it is suspected the arteriovenous fistula resulted in severe portal venous hypertension leading to intraperitoneal rupture of one of the affected veins, producing a massive hemoperitoneum. PMID- 6601312 TI - Frequencies of HLA and Gm immunogenetic markers in Kaposi's sarcoma. AB - An outbreak of Kaposi's sarcoma in homosexual men has recently been observed in New York and California which differs from the "classic" North American disease with regard to younger age of onset and clinical prognosis. Although the exact mechanism for initiation of either disease is still unknown, a viral mechanism has been suggested in both cases. In order to investigate the possible role of HLA-associated variations in genetic susceptibility, 39 patients with histologically documented Kaposi's sarcoma were typed for HLA-A,B,C antigens. Most of these patients were also typed for HLA-DR antigens and for Gm allotypes. A significant increase in DR5 occurred in both groups. Decreases in B8 and DR3 and an increase in homozygosity for the Gm haplotype 3;5,13 were also noted. These results suggest that HLA and Gm linked immune response factors may play a role in the induction of both these forms of the disease. PMID- 6601313 TI - Lack of association between Alzheimer's disease and histocompatibility antigens. AB - The present report describes the distribution of histocompatibility antigens in 52 patients with Alzheimer's disease. No significant associations were observed between this illness and particular HLA types before or after statistical correction for multiple comparisons. These findings are discussed in terms of the difficulties inherent in the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and with regard to the choice of suitable control populations. PMID- 6601314 TI - Study of HLA antigens in familial and sporadic rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Patients with familial and non-familial (sporadic) forms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were studied to investigate possible HLA heterogeneity. HLA-DR4 was present in 75% of familial and 59% of sporadic RA patients. The frequency distribution of A2, B8, B27, Cw3 and DR3 differed somewhat between the two groups; however, the differences were not statistically significant in this small group of patients. Studies of a larger number of patients are indicated to explore the possibility of genetic subgroups in RA. PMID- 6601315 TI - Immunogenetic studies of juvenile dermatomyositis. HLA antigens in patients and their families. AB - Typing for HLA-A and -B antigens was performed on 87 children with definite juvenile dermatomyositis (JDMS). A significantly increased frequency of HLA-B8 (estimated relative risk = 2.8, Pc less than 0.01) was observed among White patients, but not among Blacks or Latin Americans with JDMS. No abnormality of HLA haplotype segregation was observed among 38 healthy siblings of the JDMS probands. PMID- 6601316 TI - Reanalysis of the HLA-DRw6 complex. AB - The serological definition of the HLA-DRw6 specificity has been complicated by the lack of monospecific reagents. During the 8th International Histocompatibility Workshop several subspecificities of DRw6 were proposed. In the present study we have reanalysed the reactions of 8th Workshop and local sera in families and homozygous typing cells. These studies have revealed four DRw6 related reaction patterns. The patterns are described and compared with those reported by others. Two of these specificities are commonly observed in Dutch Caucasoids, one related with Dw6 and one with Dw9. The other DRw6 related reaction patterns are very infrequent in this population. In addition, the relation between a locally defined specificity LB5x8 and two new specificities 8wDRw13 and 8wDRw17 is discussed. PMID- 6601317 TI - HLA-A, B, C and DR antigens in immunoglobulin A deficiency. PMID- 6601318 TI - [Epidemiology and nursing. A contribution to nursing science. I]. PMID- 6601319 TI - Screening of various immunopotentiators in spontaneously hypertensive rats with T cell depression. AB - A strain of SHR which develops hypertension spontaneously is marked by a selective depression of T-cell functions associated with an early appearance of natural thymocytotoxic autoantibody and a deficiency of thymic hormone. Present results demonstrate that various immunopotentiators (IPs) such as thymostimulin (TS), PS-K, SPG, neurotropin (NSP), and K-247 partially or almost completely reversed the T-cell depression in these SHR as detected by a rosette forming test, plaque-forming assay and blastogenesic response to PHA and Con A. In contrast, these IPs had no effect on the immune responsiveness of WKA rats with normal T-cell functions. Among the IPs, NSP, which had an almost complete restorative effect on the T-cell functions of SHR, induced significant transplantation resistance to the syngeneic tumor challenge. A new synthetic product K-247 also induced a significant suppression of lethal tumor growth in SHR, though its restorative effect on T-cell functions was weak. The fact that K 247 had a suppressive effect on tumor cell growth in vitro indicates that biochemical modifications rather than immunological ones may be involved. However, none of the IPs induced antitumor resistance in normal WKA rats. These results suggest that this strain of SHR provides a useful animal model for evaluation of various IPs. PMID- 6601320 TI - Management of cervical bruits and carotid stenosis in preoperative patients. PMID- 6601322 TI - Effector cells in graft rejection. PMID- 6601321 TI - Phenotypic characterization of early events of thymus repopulation in radiation bone marrow chimeras. AB - The phenotype of murine thymocytes repopulating the thymus of radiation bone marrow chimeras shortly after irradiation and bone marrow reconstitution was analyzed by immunofluorescence and flow microfluorometry. Thymuses in these chimeras, while essentially devoid of lymphoid cells at day 7, were repopulated by days 10 to 12 after irradiation. It was found that this initial repopulation arose from a radioresistant intrathymic precursor that expanded to an almost complete complement of host-type thymocytes. However, these host-derived thymocytes were unusual in that they were relatively deficient in Lyt 1+2- and peanut agglutinin "dull" cells as compared with normal thymocytes. Donor bone marrow-derived cells first appeared in the irradiated chimeric thymuses between days 12 and 15 after irradiation and bone marrow transfer. By day 19, chimeric thymuses contained more than 98% donor cells. This course was identical for three chimeric combinations, each made across different genetic barriers. In contrast to the cells that populate the fetal thymus during normal ontogeny, the first donor bone-marrow-derived cells that can be detected within the irradiated chimeric thymuses already expressed phenotypically normal adult T cell subpopulations in that they contained significant numbers both of Lyt 1+2- and of Lyt 1+2+ thymocytes. Thus, the Lyt phenotype of donor cells that initially repopulate an adult thymus after irradiation is markedly different from the Lyt phenotype of cells that initially populate the fetal thymus. The differences between adult and fetal thymic development that are observed in radiation bone marrow chimeras may be important in our understanding of T cell differentiation in these animals. PMID- 6601323 TI - Interleukins and other soluble mediators. PMID- 6601324 TI - Antilymphocyte antibodies. PMID- 6601325 TI - [Action of UV radiation on the surface of immunocompetent mammalian cells. II. Changes in the surface characteristics of mouse thymus lymphocytes]. PMID- 6601326 TI - [Autoradiographic study of the proliferative activity of the preoptic recess ependyma in yearling and juvenile common frogs]. AB - Proliferative activity of the ependyma, lining the recessus praeopticus in juvenile frogs was studied with 3H-thymidine radioautography. Usually much more pronounced proliferation of ependymal cells occurred in the preoptic region in one year old frogs as compared with two year old ones. It can be concluded that in the former animals the migration of postmitotic labeled cells into the subependymal zone of the recessus preoptic area is significantly more intense. By the 30th day after multiple isotope injections some newly formed neurosecretory cells with labeled nuclei were found in the 1-5 cellular position of the recessus praeopticus subependymal zone. It is postulated that in juvenile frogs the ependyma of lateral wall of recessus praeopticus is probably a source ("cambium"), from which some young neurosecretory cells may originate. PMID- 6601327 TI - Tobacco mosaic virus protein synthesis is correlated with double-stranded RNA synthesis and not single-stranded RNA synthesis. AB - The synthesis rates of three proteins of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), 160, 110, and 17.5 kDa, were monitored at intervals after interruption of synthesis of TMV RNA. Following inhibition of synthesis of both single-stranded and double stranded RNAs by shifting wild type TMV to 40 degrees or ts mutant III2-35 to 35 degrees, the synthesis rates of viral proteins declined sequentially, with that of the larger proteins declining faster. When viral RNA synthesis was prevented with cordycepin, synthesis rates of the 110 and 160-kDa proteins declined rapidly, while the 17.5-kDa protein decreased more slowly. These data imply that the functional mRNA is transitory, probably nascent RNA, and that each protein is produced independently. The process of translation of viral mRNA was not temperature sensitive and occurred normally for brief periods after shift to restrictive temperatures. When single-stranded RNA synthesis was inhibited differentially from double-stranded RNA synthesis, protein synthesis was correlated with double-stranded RNA synthesis and not single-stranded RNA synthesis. Following a shift of ts mutant IV-35 to 35 degrees, a shift that immediately stopped single-stranded RNA synthesis without inhibiting double stranded RNA synthesis, all three viral proteins continued to be produced normally. Also, after return of wild type TMV to 25 degrees after a 1-hr incubation at 40 degrees, viral protein and double-stranded RNA synthesis recovered in parallel to the normal rate after 8 hr whereas single-stranded RNA synthesis, which had been reduced more drastically, recovered more slowly after 16 hr. PMID- 6601328 TI - Analysis of the primary translational product and integrated DNA of a new feline sarcoma virus, GR-FeSV. AB - The Gardner-Rasheed strain of feline sarcoma virus (GR-FeSV), is a recent isolate of a naturally occurring cat sarcoma. The primary translational product of GR FeSV (GR P70) was shown to be a phosphoprotein with associated tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity. The relationship between the GR-FeSV provirus and once genes of other transforming retroviruses known to code for tyrosine kinases was examined by molecular hybridization. Probes repesenting onc genes of Snyder Theilen and McDonough strains of feline sarcoma virus, Rous sarcoma virus, and Abelson murine leukemia virus did not detectably hybridize integrated GR-FeSV. These findings suggest that GR-FeSV contains a distinct tyrosine kinase-coding onc gene. PMID- 6601329 TI - [Functional activity of the regional lymph nodes in breast cancer patients]. AB - The study was concerned with the correlation between the reaction of T- and B lymphocytes in regional lymph nodes, clinico-morphological pattern of tumor and immunological indexes. Three levels of functional activity of lymph nodes were established in 15,33 and 52% of patients, respectively, after an evaluation of the condition of structural and functional T- and B-dependent areas and the concentrations of T- and B-rosette-forming cells. An inverse correlation was observed between the functional activity of lymph nodes and the clinico morphological criteria of tumor malignancy. Conversely, a direct correlation was established between cellular reactions in lymph nodes and the indexes of immune response in 52-85.7%. T-population of lymphocytes was shown to be a factor of antitumor defense. The role of lymph nodes in immunologic surveillance and the prognostic value of the said morpho-functional changes are discussed. PMID- 6601330 TI - [Changes in the lymphoid tissue of the axillary lymph nodes and the T-lymphocyte count of the blood of breast cancer patients]. PMID- 6601331 TI - Coccidioidomycosis: early immunologic findings. AB - T and B lymphocyte number and lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, concanavalin A, coccidioidin and streptokinase-streptodornase (SKSD), plus monocyte ingestion of coccidioidin- and IgG-coated chicken erythrocytes were measured in 5 patients with coccidioidal meningitis, 11 with nonmeningeal extrapulmonary cocidioidomycosis and 5 with localized pulmonary infections. These cases were evaluated within six months of the onset of infection. Lymphocytic responses to phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, concanavalin A, SKSD and coccidioidin and monocytic ingestion of coccidioidin- and IgG-coated chicken erythrocytes were severely decreased in patients with meningeal and nonmeningeal, extrapulmonary coccidioidomycosis but not in patients with localized pulmonary infections. T and B cell numbers, however, were normal in all groups. Thus, defects in cellular immunity are involved in the pathogenesis of extrapulmonary coccidioidomycosis and measurements of lymphocytic and monocytic function may identify patients prone to extrapulmonary infection. PMID- 6601332 TI - Plasmapheresis in clinical medicine. AB - Large-volume plasma exchange can now be rapidly and safely done using cell separator technology. Significant depletion of immunoglobulins and immune complexes can be achieved by repeated intensive plasmapheresis, but sustained depletion of these constituents requires concomitant immunosuppressive therapy. Plasmapheresis appears to work in some disorders by removing pathogenic antibodies, but other mechanisms of action have been postulated. It is the treatment of choice for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and for the hyperviscosity syndrome due to macroglobulinemia. Apheresis can be useful in the treatment of many other disorders, most notably myasthenia gravis, glomerulonephritis associated with hemoptysis (Goodpasture's syndrome), refractory systemic lupus erythematosus, cryoglobulinemia and immune cytopenic disorders. PMID- 6601334 TI - [Possibilities in the surgery of pain]. PMID- 6601333 TI - [Cardiac valve replacement and simultaneous myocardial revascularization]. AB - Between 1974 and 1981, 84 patients underwent cardiac valve replacement and simultaneous myocardial revascularization. 77 patients had rheumatic valve disease with coexisting coronary artery disease (group I). Single valve replacement was performed in 67 patients, double valve replacement in 9 patients, and triple valve replacement in 1 patient. A second group consisted of 7 patients with severe coronary artery disease: in 6 of them papillary muscle necrosis necessitated mitral valve replacement, and in 1 patient hemodynamic reasons made aortic valve replacement necessary. The mean number of coronary artery bypass grafts performed was 1.7 in group I and 2.4 in group II. 56 patients were classified as NYHA grade III, 28 as grade IV. 8 patients (9.4%) died within 32 days after operation (7 from group I, 1 from group II). Follow-up averaged 20 months. There were 3 late deaths; 35 of the survivors underwent clinical reexamination, and all 73 completed questionnaires. Symptomatic improvement was found to be excellent: 97% of the patients examined had improved at least by one functional class. It is our impression that simultaneously performed myocardial revascularization does not substantially increase the risk of cardiac valve replacement, and yields good late results. PMID- 6601335 TI - [Causes of acute intestinal hemorrhage in the adult]. PMID- 6601336 TI - [Diagnosis of acute intestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 6601337 TI - [Acute hemorrhage from the digestive tract in childhood]. PMID- 6601338 TI - [Diagnosis of intestinal hemorrhage in the child]. PMID- 6601340 TI - [Device for adequate stimulation of the vestibuloreceptors of animals secured in a stereotaxic apparatus]. PMID- 6601339 TI - [Treatment of gastrointestinal hemorrhage in childhood]. PMID- 6601341 TI - [Relation of serum protein disorders to the size of burn damage]. PMID- 6601342 TI - [Significance of serotonin in the activity of the taste receptor apparatus of the frog Rana temporaria]. AB - Studies have been made of the effect of exogeneous serotonin on responses of taste receptors recorded from the hypoglossal nerve during adequate stimulation. It was shown that serotonin evokes afferent discharge in this nerve and significantly increases responses of taste receptors. Stimulating effect of serotonin appears 15-20 min after its application and gradually develops reaching maximum within 60 min after injection. Competitive antagonist of serotonin, 7 methyltryptamine, inhibits taste afferent responses and blocks stimulating effect of serotonin. Possible role of serotoninergic mechanism in afferent impulse activity of the taste receptive apparatus is discussed. PMID- 6601344 TI - [Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on the course of experimental staphylococcal infection and on the immune status of the animal body]. AB - In guinea pigs infected with staphylococci by subcutaneous injection a decreased content of T-lymphocytes, an increased number of B-lymphocytes and lower levels of lysozyme and complement were observed. When subjected to the action of hyperbaric oxygenation, the animals, both intact or infected with staphylococci, showed the aggravation of staphylococcal infection, a decrease in the number of T lymphocytes and an increase in the content of B-lymphocytes. In the intact animals hyperbaric oxygenation stimulated the production of complement and lysozyme, produced a decrease in the number of T-lymphocytes and an increase in the number of B-lymphocytes. PMID- 6601343 TI - [Sensitivity of the Rana temporaria tadpole chemoreceptor system to amino acids]. AB - In behavioural experiments, studies have been made of the sensitivity of frog tadpoles to amino acids and creatine. The best index of stimulus perception was found to be the alimentary reaction of tadpoles to presentation of the solved substances. For different amino acids, the intensity of the evoked reaction decreases in the following order: ornithine--valine--lysine--isoleucine--arginine -glutamine and tryptophan--cysteine--asparagine--alanine--beta-phenylalanine- glycine. The effectiveness of creatine is rather high, i. e. between tryptophan and cysteine. In tadpoles from two age groups, threshold concentrations of some amino acids were determined which evoke alimentary reaction. It was shown that the sensitivity to 4 amino acids (from 5 investigated ones) decreases with age, the sensitivity to valine remaining unaffected. PMID- 6601345 TI - [Cellular and humoral immunity indices in chickenpox, rubella, measles and epidemic parotitis in adults]. AB - Immunity characteristics at the height of the infectious process and at the period of convalescence were studied in 170 adult patients, aged 18-45 years, with chickenpox, rubella measles and epidemic parotitis. In chickenpox, rubella and measles a significant decrease, more pronounced in a severe course of the disease, in the number of T- and B-lymphocytes was observed, the immunosuppressive effect being more pronounced in measles. During convalescence the number of T- and B-lymphocytes in patients with the above-mentioned diseases approached the normal level with the exception of measles patients; in these patients the number of T-lymphocytes remained significantly below the normal level, while the content of IgG was increased. In the isolated form of epidemic parotitis no essential changes in immunity characteristics were detected, while in the disseminated forms, especially in those cases when the disease took a severe course, the tendency towards a decrease in the number of T-cells and a significant decrease in the levels of B-lymphocytes and IgG were observed. Prednisolone therapy used in such cases, though giving a good anti-inflammatory effect in parotitic orchitis, produced no immunosuppressive effect. PMID- 6601346 TI - Significant of positive bacterial cultures from aortic aneurysms. AB - Samples for bacteriological examination were obtained from the aneurysm wall of 85 patients subjected to abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy. Twelve patients (14%) had positive cultures. A total of 13 bacterial strains were isolated, the majority of which were present in only small numbers and were regarded as contaminants. One patient developed a graft infection due to ischemic necrosis of the sigmoid colon. During the follow-up period no further graft infection was noted in patients with positive or negative aortic cultures. It is concluded that the aneurysm wall itself does not represent an important source of early or late graft infection. PMID- 6601347 TI - Effect of vasopressin on portal venous pressure. AB - Portal venous pressure measurements were made through percutaneous transhepatic portal vein catheterization in 29 cirrhotics with portal hypertension and in seven controls before and after intravenous vasopressin infusion in a dosage of 0.24 IU/min. In cirrhotic patients the decrease in portal pressure was 8.5% being not statistically significant, while in the control group the decrease was 12% (p less than 0.05). Five of six cirrhotic patients (85%) whose acute bleedings were previously controlled with i.v. vasopressin infusion had reversed portal vein flow. On the other hand, only three of ten (30%) patients whose bleeding failed to be controlled with vasopressin had reversed flow in the portal vein. The difference between these two groups is statistically significant (p less than 0.05) and may suggest that variceal bleeding is most effectively controlled with i.v. vasopressin in cirrhotics with well developed collaterals and reversed portal vein flow. PMID- 6601349 TI - Ketamine: effects on the mechanical properties of the frog sartorius muscle. AB - Isolated frog sartorius muscles were exposed to ketamine in concentrations up to 15 X 10(-5) M and the mechanical response to directly and indirectly stimulated muscles was studied. The effect on the directly elicited action potential was also investigated. The amplitude of the indirectly elicited twitches was decreased in a dose-dependent manner with a 50% decrease in twitch amplitude, at a ketamine concentration of 7.3 X 10(-5) M. The twitch amplitude was not affected by ketamine during direct stimulation of the muscle. However, direct tetanic stimulation of the muscle (80 Hz, 200 ms) revealed a decrease in the tetanic force of 20% during exposure to 7.3 X 10(-5) M ketamine. This decrease in tetanic force can be explained on the basis of effects on the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and/or the effects of ketamine on the directly elicited action potentials (decrease in amplitude and increase in duration) seen in these experiments. At concentrations of ketamine below about 4 X 10(-5) M, small effects were seen in this nerve-muscle preparation. If the effects on the frog muscle are similar to mammalian striated muscle, clinical concentrations of ketamine would have very small effects on the nerve-muscle system. PMID- 6601348 TI - Association of mast cells with vaginal trichomoniasis in endocervical smears. AB - In endocervical smears obtained from 40 women with Trichomonas vaginalis infection, 25 women with infections other than T. vaginalis and 35 cytologically normal women, inflammatory cells consistent with mast cells (tissue basophils) were examined. Mast cells were present predominantly in the smears of patients infected with T. vaginalis but were infrequent in those of patients with other infections and in those of the normal, control group. The numbers of mast cells in endocervical smears and the white blood cell counts in vaginal discharges showed a positive correlation with the degree of T. vaginalis infection. Our data seem to indicate that the presence of mast cells in the uterine cervix may be an immunologic response, possibly of an allergic nature, to T. vaginalis. PMID- 6601350 TI - Comparison of haemodynamic effects of morphine and fentanyl in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - The haemodynamic effects of morphine (2.5 mg kg-1) and fentanyl (16.7 and 25 micrograms kg-1) were compared in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Morphine or fentanyl in combination with pancuronium, nitrous oxide and a small dose of thiopentone produced some deterioration of myocardial performance. Both analgesics failed to block haemodynamic responses to noxious stimulation including tracheal intubation and sternotomy. Heart rate increased following tracheal intubation and systemic vascular resistance increased after sternotomy. However, the larger dose of fentanyl (25 micrograms kg-1) was accompanied by the smallest haemodynamic changes. Supplementary anaesthetic agents were often required to maintain haemodynamic stability during sternotomy. It is suggested here that larger doses of fentanyl, or the addition of other intravenous or inhalation anaesthetics might be employed for patients with severe coronary artery disease and good left ventricular function. On the other hand, in patients with poor left ventricular function, the myocardial depressant properties of thiopentone and nitrous oxide may be detrimental. PMID- 6601351 TI - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Middle-Finland: an epidemiological study. AB - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was diagnosed in 36 patients in Middle Finland Central Hospital District during 1976-1981. The annual incidence of ALS was 2.4 per 100,000 population and the prevalence rate was 6.4 per 100,000 population. The age-specific incidences of ALS were similar for men and women with a maximum of 14/100,000/year in the age group 60-69 years. The initial symptoms originated in 37% of the patients from bulbar and in 63% from spinal levels. Bulbar onset was more common in patients aged 60 years or more compared with younger patients. Patients with bulbar onset had a significantly poorer prognosis than those with spinal onset, which explained the poorer prognosis of older patients. 4 matched controls were chosen for each ALS patient from the files of the Central Hospital. There was no difference between the patients and the controls with respect to previous injuries, surgical operations, malignant neoplasms, or exposure to domestic animals. An earlier observation that evacuees from Karelia ceded to USSR after World War II should have a prevalence twice that of the remaining population was not substantiated. PMID- 6601352 TI - Vestibular-visual conflict sickness in the squirrel monkey. AB - When combined vestibular and visual (optokinetic) stimuli were given to squirrel monkeys in a direction and phase mismatching sinusoidal mode (in yaw plane), five of six monkeys exhibited actual emesis during three repeated exposures on separate trial days. Two animals vomited on two trial days and three animals, on one day. The incidence took place in 38.9% of the total trial days. When the identical vestibular and visual stimuli were given individually, the effect was negligible, thus confirming each stimulus magnitude was not stressful enough to produce emesis when used separately. PMID- 6601354 TI - Vestibular acoustic reception in the guinea pig: a saccular function? AB - After complete destruction of cochlear but preservation of vestibular hair cells in the guinea pig acoustically evoked responses can still be recorded from the round window up to the auditory cortex. At all levels these responses differ from those observed in normal animals but their frequency sensitivity and selectivity make them akin to responses from auditory organs. In a series of experiments a complete cochlear destruction was combined with a total or partial destruction of the vestibule. After complete cochlear and vestibular hair cell destruction no acoustic response could be recorded. But in cases of total cochlear and drastic ampullar and utricular destruction together with an almost undamaged saccular sensory epithelium the same peculiar acoustic responses could be observed. These results support the hypothesis of a functional acoustic reception by the saccule in a mammal. PMID- 6601353 TI - Effects of visual and support surface orientation references upon postural control in vestibular deficient subjects. AB - Assessment of postural control in vestibular deficient subjects with and without visual and ankle joint sway information permitted: 1) a quantitative assessment of the overall vestibular information used by the individual patient for control of upright posture; 2) an estimate of the extent to which the vestibular deficient subject can appropriately "select" and alternatively use visual and ankle joint somatosensory information for compensatory postural control and 3) quantification of adaptive changes in postural responses to visual and somatosensory inputs. Results from this study support the hypothesis that abnormal vestibular function disrupts the subject's reference to gravity (earth) vertical. This loss of an absolute spatial reference normally provided by vestibular input prevents the resolution of conflicting or inaccurate visual and somatosensory spatial references which may occur during active or passive body movements. PMID- 6601355 TI - Are interrelations between vestibular receptors mediated by Scarpa's ganglion? An electrophysiological study in the frog. AB - In the frog we have recorded, in "isolated head" preparations, the gross activity and single afferent fibre discharges from the ampullary nerve of the vertical anterior semicircular canal (VAC) in several experimental situations. In all the preparations the efferent vestibular fibres acting on the VAC were functionally eliminated by acute section of the vestibular nerve between Scarpa's ganglion and the brain stem (CVNa preparations) or, by section of the anterior branch of the vestibular nerve between Scarpa's ganglion and the peripheral receptors, close to the ganglion (SGE preparations) or, by section of the VAC ampullary nerve near the ampulla (PE preparations). 1) In CVNa preparations, mechanical stimulation of the horizontal canal was carried out by pressure exerted upon the ampulla in such a way that the cupula was deflected towards the utricle which elicited a long lasting discharge on the whole VAC nerve which was detached from its ampulla. 2) In SGE and PE preparations, the mean frequencies of the spontaneous discharges calculated on more than 200 VAC afferent fibres had the same value; they were significantly higher than the mean frequency calculated in CVNa preparations. These results confirm the existence of interrelations between the vestibular receptors of the frog by means of receptor-receptor fibres. They also strongly suggest that Scarpa's ganglion is required for their action. PMID- 6601356 TI - Postural stability and rotational tests: their effectiveness for screening dizzy patients. AB - Results of independently interpreted computerized stationary platform posturography and white noise rotational tests were compared with diagnoses for 110 patients. Using the criterion that an abnormal result from either test classified the subject as abnormal, the sensitivity estimate for the pair of tests was 78% for persons with diagnoses known to result in vestibular dysfunction. The specificity estimate was 90%. Both a vestibulo-ocular and a vestibulo-spinal test were required for effective screening. Consecutive tests performed over five days showed the rotation test to be much less variable than posturography. Rotation testing is therefore preferred for following the performance of patients having disorders thought to cause fluctuating vestibular systems. Interobserver reliability rates were 83% for posturography and 93% for rotation tests. PMID- 6601357 TI - Vitamin D metabolism in preterm infants. Serial serum calcitriol values during the first four days of life. AB - In order to evaluate after birth the changes in circulating vitamin D metabolite levels in preterm babies supplemented with vitamin D (2 100 I.U./d), the serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-OHD] and 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] were measured in 22 infants (31 to 35 weeks of gestation) from birth up to 96 hours of age. Compared to cord blood levels, serum calcium decreased significantly during the first 24 hours of life (p less than 0.005) and remained low until day 4. Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels increased from birth to 24 hours and then plateaued. The 25-OHD levels at birth were 27.5 +/- 2.5 nmol/l and increased to 67.5 +/- 12.5 nmol/l (p less than 0.005) during the four days of the study. During the same period, the 1,25(OH)2D serum levels increased steadily from 84 less than 7 to 343 less than 105 pmol/l (p less than 0.005). At all times, there was a positive correlation between 25-OHD levels and those of 1,25(OH)2D. Our data demonstrate that in preterm infants after 31 weeks of gestation, absorption and activation of vitamin D is present as soon as 24 hours after birth and that early neonatal hypocalcemia is unlikely to be caused by an impairment of either PTH secretion or vitamin D activation. PMID- 6601358 TI - Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome treated with diaphragm pacing. AB - Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome was diagnosed in an infant who since birth had shallow respiration and CO2 retention during sleep, absent ventilatory response to hypercarbia, and no underlying disease or trauma to account for the symptoms. Diaphragm pacing was started at the age of 8 1/2 months and has been successfully carried out at home, guided by end-tidal CO2 monitoring. After 22 months of home treatment, at the age of two years 9 months, linear growth and psychomotor development are progressing normally, while previous symptoms of cor pulmonale have not progressed. PMID- 6601359 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in northwestern Kyushu Island of Japan. Clinicopathological studies based on the Japanese classification of malignant lymphoma. AB - Ninety cases of node-based non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in northwestern Kyushu, Japan were classified according to the Japanese Lymphoma Study Group (LSG) and the immunological as well as clinicopathological studies were performed. There were 6 cases of small cell type, 23 of medium-sized cell type, 25 of large cell type, 20 of pleomorphic type, 10 of lymphoblastic type and 6 cases of specific lymphomatous lesions (Lennert's lymphoma and T-cell lymphoma with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy-like pattern). Immunologically, the T-cell character was predominant in pleomorphic type (100%), specific lymphomatous lesions (100%), medium-sized cell type (80%) and large cell type (60%). Clinically, leukemic manifestation was frequently encountered in all histological types except for large cell type. The leukemic cells in pleomorphic type and T medium-sized cell type were polymorphic, similar to those of adult T-cell leukemia. Skin lesions were found chiefly in leukemic cases of pleomorphic and T medium-sized cell types, and non-leukemic cases of T-large cell type. The worst prognosis was observed in the pleomorphic type, especially of leukemic form. These results support the proposal of pleomorphic type as a distinct entity in prospecting the immunological subtype, clinical manifestations, and survival. In addition, T-medium-sized cell and pleomorphic types, having common clinicopathological characteristics, may be categorized as one group. On the other hand, T-large cell type seems to be composed of heterogenous groups of the peripheral T-cell tumor, although some cases overlap with pleomorphic type. PMID- 6601360 TI - Ototoxicity of aminoglycoside antibiotics in animal study. PMID- 6601361 TI - Audiological assessment of retrocochlear lesions. PMID- 6601362 TI - Clinical investigation of the efferent inhibition of the vestibular function. PMID- 6601363 TI - Binding characteristics of the complement peptides C3a and C5a-desArg to cellulose nitrate filters in Boyden chambers. PMID- 6601364 TI - Physician attitudes toward the competence of general diagnostic radiologists: survey and implications. AB - Responses to a questionnaire were obtained from 1,539 physicians in 15 medical specialties to measure their attitudes toward general diagnostic radiologists in regard to their medical knowledge and professional competence as consultants. The data were evaluated in terms of the demographic profile of the respondents. Among the detailed results obtained, it was determined that only 8.1% of all physicians believe general diagnostic radiologists are poorly informed about disease processes, but 25% believe that these radiologists need more subspecialty training to be valuable as consultants to them. Physicians who do their own radiographic/sonographic examinations believe general diagnostic radiologists to be unimportant twice as often as do physicians who refer their patients to radiologists (28.2% vs. 14.5%). Most physicians (78%) believe that diagnostic radiologists perform unique functions in hospitals, while only 38% believe this to be true in the office setting. Consistent with this is that physicians practicing primarily in hospitals believe diagnostic radiologists need more training than do the primarily office-based physicians (29.6% vs. 16.8%). Of the specialists surveyed, orthopedic surgeons, neurosurgeons, cardiologists, and neurologists consistently had the lowest opinion of general diagnostic radiologists as consultants. In each of these specialties, less than 30% believed that general diagnostic radiologists are indispensable in the hospital setting. Also, younger (less than 45 years) physicians feel less dependent on general diagnostic radiologists than do older physicians. For example, twice as many younger physicians (17.3% vs. 7.9%) believe that diagnostic radiologists perform few or no unique functions which they cannot do themselves. PMID- 6601365 TI - Clinical value of coronary bypass graft evaluation with CT. AB - Computed tomography (CT) has a reported accuracy of 45%-97% in assessment of patency of coronary artery bypass grafts. Dynamic CT was done in 26 patients (47 grafts) with recurrent cardiac symptoms after graft surgery. Although CT was 79% accurate (with selective angiography as the standard), the authors do not believe that it provides sufficient information for the assessment of symptomatic patients. Four patients had high-grade stenoses in their grafts, and 50% of patients had significant progression of atherosclerosis in their native coronary arteries. Neither of these conditions could be detected by CT. The clinical contribution of CT will probably be greatest for routine screening of asymptomatic patients soon after operation. Technical problems with CT scanning for graft patency are discussed. PMID- 6601366 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the lung: a tumor with a changing pleomorphic character. AB - Adenocarcinoma is widely accepted to occur as a solitary, peripheral, subpleural, pulmonary mass with infrequent hilar and rare mediastinal involvement. The older literature indicates that hilar involvement occurs in 18% of cases and that mediastinal involvement occurs in only 2% of cases. A retrospective study of 100 randomly selected cases of primary adenocarcinoma of the lung diagnosed between 1976 and 1982 indicates that hilar masses are present in 40% of cases and that mediastinal masses are present in 27% of cases. In all, hilar and mediastinal masses occurred alone or in combination so that 51% of the patients in this series had plain radiographic evidence of such involvement. Since the patients in this series were studied by conventional radiographic techniques in a manner similar to patients in previous reports, it appears that adenocarcinoma of the lung may present with a much more pleomorphic radiographic appearance than was previously recognized. The reasons for this change in the radiographic appearance of adenocarcinoma are not completely understood but include a change in the histopathologic criteria for the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma and an increase in the incidence of adenocarcinoma, particularly of the poorly differentiated form. PMID- 6601367 TI - CT of malignant pleural mesothelioma. AB - The CT scans, plain films, and clinical courses of nine patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma were reviewed to assess the value of computed tomography (CT) in the initial evaluation and follow-up of this malignancy. The initial pretreatment scans showed a typical lobulated rind of pleural tumor encasing the lung associated with variable amounts of pleural fluid. Local invasion of the mediastinum, pericardium, diaphragm, and contralateral thorax were well depicted on CT; unsuspected abdominal extension of tumor was demonstrated on CT scans of five patients. Serial scans during treatment provided objective evidence of either regression or growth of tumor mass, even when the patients' clinical status and plain films appeared stable. PMID- 6601368 TI - Ectopic right bronchus: indication for bronchography. AB - Ectopic right-sided bronchus is a rare anomaly. In this retrospective study, eight patients are described. All were from a population that clinically was suspected of suffering from chronic bronchitis. In one patient, the ectopic bronchus was missed on bronchoscopy but not on bronchography; in the other seven patients bronchoscopy and bronchography both revealed the ectopic bronchus. The first patient had a persistent inhomogeneous consolidation only in the ectopic area with extensive bronchiectasis; one patient had slight bronchiectasis; the other six patients had none of these pathologic alterations. Only in the first patient did the anomaly have therapeutic consequences, as there was an extensive bronchiectasis. In patients with a persistent inhomogeneous consolidation, only on the site of the apical segment of the right upper lobe may an ectopic bronchus with extensive bronchiectasis be suspected. In such patients, a bronchographic examination is indicated. PMID- 6601369 TI - Obstruction of the airway by the aorta: an observation in infants with congenital heart disease. AB - Obstruction of the airway by a dilated aorta was observed in four infants who had complex congenital heart defects as follows: two infants had a tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia; one infant had a truncus arteriosus type 1 and small branched pulmonary arteries; and one infant had a dextroversion of the heart with a right aortic arch, single atrium, single ventricle, transposition of the great vessels, and severe subpulmonic obstruction. In addition to the extrinsic compression of the airway by the large aorta, intrinsic anomalies of the trachea and at times the main bronchi were observed at autopsy in three of the four infants. The compression of the trachea is readily apparent on lateral radiographs of the chest. PMID- 6601370 TI - Angioarchitecture of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: an important consideration before embolotherapy. AB - Seventeen patients with 91 pulmonary arteriovenous malformations were evaluated by superselective angiography. Seventy-two (79%) of the malformations consisted of a simple type characterized by a single feeding artery draining into a bulbous, nonseptated aneurysmal communication with a single draining vein. The other 19 (21%) were complex, consisting of two or more pulmonary artery branches communicating with a bulbous septated aneurysmal part with two or more draining veins. Two patients had diffuse pulmonary arteriovenous malformations confined to multiple lobes of the lung. Balloon embolotherapy was effective in permanently obliterating the malformations in 14 patients treated. Therapy provided a sustained rise in arterial PO2 in the sitting position from a mean value of 44 mm Hg before occlusion to 65 mm Hg after occlusion. In three patients the process was too diffuse and/or the malformations too large for therapy to be effective. Complex pulmonary arteriovenous malformations required occlusion of all feeding arteries. Balloon embolotherapy provided an effective treatment for pulmonary arteriovenous malformations regardless of anatomic type. PMID- 6601371 TI - Arteriovenous fistulas originating from Rasmussen aneurysms. PMID- 6601372 TI - Bilateral pulmonary sequestration: computed tomographic appearance. PMID- 6601373 TI - CT of Castleman disease. PMID- 6601374 TI - Cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung: identification by sonography. PMID- 6601375 TI - Hepatic metastases in perspective. PMID- 6601376 TI - Formation of intrahepatic portosystemic shunts using a balloon dilatation catheter: preliminary clinical experience. AB - Six patients with advanced cirrhosis and portal hypertension had life-threatening upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage from esophageal varices. The varices were obliterated angiographically, using the transjugular approach, after which an intrahepatic portosystemic shunt was created in each case by inflating the balloon of a Gruntzig dilatation catheter in the needle tract between the portal and hepatic veins. All of the patients were expected to succumb quickly to their severe liver disease and massive variceal bleeding, but three of the six survived the initial hemorrhage, and two of these were discharged from hospital. There was an initial reduction of portal venous pressure of 10-15 mm Hg in all patients. All six shunts were patent angiographically 12 hr after the procedure. Two patients had venograms 5 days later and both shunts were patent. All six patients died within 6 months, but in three of the four postmortem examinations the shunts were easily identified and shown to be patent, the last of these 6 weeks after the procedure. These findings suggest that the technique could be of therapeutic value in the management of patients with portal hypertension. PMID- 6601377 TI - Detection and drainage of bilomas: special considerations. AB - Localized collections of bile within the peritoneal cavity, "biloma," may occur after surgery or trauma and are readily detected by sonography and computed tomography. Eleven cases in which the diagnosis was confirmed by percutaneous needle aspiration and treatment carried out by radiologic catheter drainage are reported. Specific identification of bile was made by visual inspection, initial rapid dip-stick (Multistix) technique, and formal chemical analysis. Evidence of continued free bile leak included a positive technetium HIDA scintigram and copious amounts of bilious catheter drainage over a prolonged period. Unexpected clinical features of biloma included presentation as a pyogenic subhepatic abscess in four (36%) of 11 cases, localization of the biloma collection in the left upper abdomen despite surgery on the right side in four (36%) cases, and the presence of an active bile fistula in five (45%) cases. Percutaneous radiologic catheter drainage provided adequate therapeutic drainage in all but two patients in whom a continuing active bile leak eventually required surgical correction. PMID- 6601379 TI - Retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma. PMID- 6601378 TI - Computed tomography of renal infarction: clinical and experimental observations. AB - Acute renal infarction is rarely diagnosed before death despite fairly characteristic clinical and radiographic features. Definitive radiologic diagnosis of renal infarction often requires invasive procedures such as retrograde pyelography and angiography. The characteristic CT findings in three patients with proven renal infarction are reported. In these patients a CT rim sign was seen: a higher-attenuation subcapsular rim surrounded renal parenchyma of lower attenuation on contrast-enhanced scans. The appearance of renal infarction varies with both the extent and age of infarction. To assess these variables, segmental, major, and total renal infarcts were created in a series of six dogs; CT scans were obtained within 2 hr after infarction, and 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks later. In all animals the ischemic and subsequently infarcted areas were seen on the initial examination as regions of low attenuation compared to the enhanced kidney. The low-attenuation areas markedly diminished by 2 weeks after infarction. CT should be useful in the prompt and noninvasive diagnosis of renal infarction. PMID- 6601380 TI - Obturator hernia diagnosed by computed tomography. PMID- 6601382 TI - Sonographic determination of fetal gender before 25 weeks gestation. AB - Sonographic determination of fetal gender was attempted prospectively in 121 consecutive routine obstetric scans between 10 and 25 weeks gestation. There were two sets of twins in this group, so a total of 123 fetuses was studied. Birth records were subsequently available in 113 of these fetuses at which time conclusive data regarding the fetal gender could be analyzed. Of these 113 fetuses, a sonographic determination of fetal gender was made in 53 (47%). There were three errors in this group of 53 (error rate 6%) and all of these incorrect determinations were male fetuses thought to be females in utero by sonography. There were no errors in those called male by sonography in utero. The male-female mix demonstrated a higher number of males in the group in whom sonographic determination was possible. There was a lower number of males than females in the group in whom the gender of the fetus could not be detected by sonography. A significantly higher number of males (60) than females (53) was present in the study population for no apparent reason. PMID- 6601381 TI - Sonographic appearance of the uterine cervix in pregnancy: the vertical cervix. AB - The uterine cervix, internal os, and endocervical canal can be accurately identified in pregnant women without distortion when the maternal bladder is empty. The internal os may vary in appearance from a flat to a very slightly funneled shape; a protuberance at the internal os is a variant of normal. In a series of 50 consecutive patients, the cervix was well visualized in 30. With the maternal bladder empty, it was clearly seen in all patients of less than 20 weeks gestation, in 13 of 19 patients at 20-30 weeks gestation, and in three of 17 patients at 30-40 weeks gestation. The mean length of the cervix was 3.25 cm with no difference between primagravida and multigravida patients. When the bladder was partially filled, the mean length of the region of the cervix was 4.6 cm which was significantly greater than with the bladder empty. This suggests that even partial filling of the bladder distorts the appearance of the cervix. PMID- 6601383 TI - Sonographic findings in clinically unsuspected acute and chronic scrotal hematoceles. AB - Three patients with scrotal swelling for 2 days, a year, and many years, respectively, were shown ultimately to have hematoceles even though their clinical history and physical findings were atypical. Contact B-scans of these lesions all showed a basically anechoic mass traversed by thick irregular septations. The septations in one acute case decreased in size and number over 10 days. Hematocele should be considered in the differential diagnosis when sonographic ultrasound studies of a scrotal swelling reveal a multicystic mass even if the history and physical findings are more compatible with neoplasm. PMID- 6601384 TI - Treated Ewing sarcoma: radiographic appearance in response, recurrence, and new primaries. AB - Healing of Ewing sarcoma after therapy has a predictable radiographic appearance, eventually stabilizing and remaining constant in appearance. This study is based on 35 patients in whom adequate follow-up radiographs were available. The expected sequence was evident in 21 patients. Complete healing was evident in about 1 year. Failure to heal as expected or lytic change in healed bone indicated recurrent or refractory disease in 11 patients who developed distant metastases or clinical signs of recrudescence at the primary site. This complication was evident within months to 2 years of the initial treatment. In three patients, development of a new, primary, osteogenic sarcoma was heralded by disorganized tumor new bone in an osteoid matrix, evident only after several years of stability. These new osseous malignancies are probably treatment related. PMID- 6601385 TI - Clubfoot deformity and tibiofibular diastasis. AB - Four children with distal tibiofibular diastasis associated to talipes equinovarus deformity are described. Tibial hypoplasia resulting in tibiofibular diastasis is believed to be the underlying cause of the deformity. This complex deformity is usually associated with other congenital malformations including congenital cardiac defects and other limb anomalies. Surgical therapy has centered on establishment of an ankle mortise; however, several authors believe that the best treatment is early ankle disarticulation rather than reconstructive surgery. Radiographs should be made of all apparent clubfoot deformities in order to rule out the more serious distal tibiofibular diastasis deformity. PMID- 6601386 TI - Terminal phalangeal sclerosis in sickle cell disease. AB - Hand films of 100 patients with sickle cell disease were analyzed in order to establish the type, distribution, and incidence of terminal phalangeal sclerosis. Fifty hand films from patients with no known sickle cell disease matched for age and race were also studied. Twenty-four of 100 patients with sickle cell disease, with 14 less than 20 years old, showed clear evidence of terminal phalangeal sclerosis, while only 10% of the controls were positive. The incidence was significantly different from the control group (chi 2 = 4.1949, d.f. = 1, p less than 0.05) suggesting that terminal phalangeal sclerosis is a significant finding in a young patient with sickle cell disease. PMID- 6601387 TI - Plica synovialis infrapatellaris: arthrographic sign of anterior cruciate ligament disruption. AB - The plica synovialis infrapatellaris is occasionally identified arthrographically and can be confused with an intact anterior cruciate ligament. In our series, the plica synovialis infrapatellaris was never found in association with an intact anterior cruciate ligament; proper recognition of this structure is diagnostic of a torn anterior cruciate ligament. The plica synovialis infrapatellaris can be distinguished from an intact anterior cruciate ligament primarily by its anteroinferior insertion point which is on the infrapatellar fat pad or anterior edge of the tibial plateau. In comparison, the anterior cruciate ligament is just anterior to the tibial spines. A secondary method for differentiating a plica synovialis infrapatellaris from an intact anterior cruciate ligament, the "apical angle," is also described. PMID- 6601388 TI - Local streptokinase infusion for superior mesenteric artery thromboembolism. PMID- 6601389 TI - Embolization of arteriovenous malformations by direct percutaneous puncture. AB - Permanent control of arteriovenous malformations requires obliteration of the intrinsic vasculature of the lesion with a nonresorbable occlusive material. When tortuous feeding arteries prevent successful catheter positioning, it may be possible to percutaneously puncture the malformation with a Chiba needle for direct embolization with cyanoacrylate. Three illustrative cases are presented. In each, previous surgical ligation of feeding vessels was ineffective and embolization by catheter was not possible when the fistula recurred. Direct puncture of one or more feeding vessels with occlusion by cyanoacrylate controlled these fistulas, two of which were massive. No complications occurred. PMID- 6601390 TI - Isolated internal iliac artery aneurysms presenting as giant pelvic masses. PMID- 6601391 TI - Echogenic periventricular halo: normal sonographic finding or neonatal cerebral hemorrhage. AB - Intracranial sonographic evaluation of the normal neonate frequently reveals an echogenic halo about the lateral ventricles. This periventricular halo is seen to varying degrees when scanning in both semiaxial and parasagittal planes in almost all normal infants. Among 180 consecutive premature neonates scanned serially with real-time sonography, two were prospectively diagnosed as having a form of periventricular echogenicity that was abnormal and represented periventricular hemorrhage. This hemorrhage completely surrounded the lateral ventricles and was intensely echogenic, as echogenic as the choroid plexus. This abnormal periventricular echogenicity was reproducible from multiple scan planes and hemorrhage was confirmed by computed tomography (CT). By contrast, CT scans obtained on another 53 of the 180 premature infants failed to reveal evidence of any abnormality corresponding to the periventricular echogenicity. Both neonates with periventricular hemorrhage developed bilateral multiseptate areas of porencephaly as sequelae to their hemorrhages. The differentiation between normal periventricular echogenicity and periventricular hemorrhage therefore attains great significance to the sonographer. PMID- 6601392 TI - The volume of the sella turcica in children: new standards. AB - Measurement of the sella turcica is valuable in the assessment of a variety of pituitary and other conditions. The volume, a more reliable measurement than sellar area, has been difficult to interpret for lack of adequate standards. This study presents mean and 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles for sellar volume in normal children aged 6-16 years on the basis of measurements in 960 sets of skull radiographs made for orthodontic purposes. Sellar volumes are plotted against chronologic age, and against skeletal age for the 62% of measurements for which a simultaneous bone age determination had been made. As expected, the sellar volume increases with age: for example, mean volume for a boy 5 years 9 months to 6 years 8 months is 228 mm3, for a boy 15 years 9 months to 16 years 8 months is 640 mm3. For most age groups, sellar volume in males is greater than in females. Tenth and ninetieth percentiles for sellar volume are widely separated, giving a wide range of normal. Nevertheless they should be useful in assessing sellar volume in clinical situations. PMID- 6601393 TI - The visiting lectureship in radiology: an evaluation. AB - This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of didactic lectures in radiology by visiting faculty. Residents attending a lecture given by a visiting professor of radiology were subjected to a pre- and postlecture test on the contents of the lecture. Results indicated substantial gain in base knowledge of the subject material. Other studies indicate that increasing medical knowledge through lectures is of debatable effectiveness. This study indicates significant information transfer when short-term retention was tested. The level of retention was independent of the two sites of training and independent of level of training. PMID- 6601394 TI - Localization of nonpalpable breast lesions: technical aspects and analysis of 80 cases. PMID- 6601395 TI - Removable biliary endoprosthesis. PMID- 6601396 TI - Dosage schedule for pediatric urography based on body surface area. PMID- 6601397 TI - Sodium dehydrocholate circulation times in digital subtraction angiography. PMID- 6601398 TI - High-resolution sagittal and coronal reformatted CT images of the larynx. PMID- 6601400 TI - Single-blind/double-blind radiographic analysis: new viewing techniques. PMID- 6601399 TI - Temporal subtraction chest radiography. PMID- 6601401 TI - The image of the general radiologist. PMID- 6601402 TI - Efficacy of CT in evaluating intrathoracic masses. PMID- 6601403 TI - Technologist-performed fluoroscopy. PMID- 6601404 TI - Sarcoidosis after testicular carcinoma treatment. PMID- 6601406 TI - Color reversal film. PMID- 6601405 TI - Slide reproduction of radiographs. PMID- 6601407 TI - Preservation of nephrostomy tracts. PMID- 6601408 TI - Invertogram in a baby with imperforate anus and esophageal atresia. PMID- 6601409 TI - IBC occlusion for hemoptysis. PMID- 6601410 TI - Sonography of nephrocalcinosis in Cushing syndrome. PMID- 6601411 TI - Sonography of vaginal masses. AB - The utility of sonography in the evaluation of the internal anatomy of the female pelvis is well established, but little has been reported on the characterization of vaginal masses. This report includes several cases representative of the sonographic appearances of such masses. Gartner duct cyst, hematocolpos, and urine refluxed into the vagina all have a similar cystic appearance. However, Gartner duct cysts are distinguishable from the latter via identification of a cyst wall separate from the vaginal wall. Solid lesions described include the common menstrual tampon, since its sonographic appearance relates to the amount of contained air. Prolapsing fibromyomas can be diagnosed via the contiguous uterine component. Also reported is the previously undescribed appearance of neurofibromas involving the vagina. PMID- 6601412 TI - Case of the day. PMID- 6601413 TI - Pediatric case of the day. PMID- 6601415 TI - Radiologic reporting: describing the lungs and pleura. PMID- 6601414 TI - Sonography case of the day. PMID- 6601416 TI - Is a radiologic "miss" malpractice? An ominous example. PMID- 6601417 TI - Mobile CT, equity, and all those doxies. PMID- 6601418 TI - Technologist-performed "7-pump" method. PMID- 6601419 TI - Techniques in sonographic detection of pancreatic pseudocysts. PMID- 6601420 TI - Methylene blue may be a preferable breast tissue marker to isosulfan blue. PMID- 6601421 TI - Major fissure tube placement. PMID- 6601422 TI - Breast cancer detection with sonography and mammography: comparison using state of-the-art equipment. AB - This prospective study, involving 1,000 women referred for routine mammography, compares the breast cancer detecting abilities of state-of-the-art mammography and sonography using an automated water-path scanner. Mammography was found to be the superior technique, detecting 62 (97%) of the 64 pathologically proven cancers, while sonography detected only 37 (58%). When considering those cancers most amenable to cure, mammography detected over 90% in all categories, but sonography detected only 48% of the cancers that had not yet spread to axillary lymph nodes, only 30% of the nonpalpable malignancies, and only 8% of the cancers smaller than 1 cm. These data indicate that sonography is not an acceptable substitute for mammography in the detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. The data further suggest that radiologists who wish to improve the cancer-detecting ability of their current breast imaging operation should upgrade their mammography to state-of-the-art status before adding an automated whole-breast ultrasound scanner. PMID- 6601423 TI - NMR demonstration of cerebral abnormalities: comparison with CT. AB - Sixty-eight patients with a wide spectrum of brain pathology were imaged with both computed tomography (CT) using a G.E. 8800 scanner and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging with a 3.5 kG prototype device. NMR was more advantageous in the detection and/or characterization of pathology in 20 of the 68 patients, especially when demyelination was part of the disease process or when the lesion was obscured on CT by beam-hardening artifact. Punctate foci of calcification identified on CT were not detected on NMR, but larger calcifications were seen. NMR was sensitive to detection of both normal and abnormal vascular structures. The ability of NMR to differentiate among different pathologic entities remains to be fully evaluated. NMR currently complements CT in the evaluation of many disease entities and may actually supplant CT in some. The full future potential of NMR and its role with respect to CT has only begun to be elucidated. PMID- 6601424 TI - Digital subtraction angiography with intravenous injection: assessment of 1,000 carotid bifurcations. AB - Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) with intravenous contrast injection was performed on 500 consecutive adult patients and evaluated for image quality of the carotid artery bifurcations. Diagnostic quality examinations were obtained in 974 common, 925 internal, and 904 external carotid artery segments. Sixty-two patients had standard carotid arteriography around the same time as DSA. Agreement of standard arteriograms with diagnostic quality DSA examinations was noted in 97 of 98 common, 94 of 95 internal, and 79 of 91 external carotid artery segments. All cases of complete carotid occlusion (14 of 14) were correctly interpreted by DSA. To identify a population with clinically significant stenosis, a 60% or greater reduction in diameter of the internal carotid was defined as a positive examination. Applying this criterion, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of DSA as compared with standard arteriography was about 94%. PMID- 6601425 TI - Toxoplasma encephalitis in Haitian adults with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a clinical-pathologic-CT correlation. AB - The clinical data, histologic findings, and computed tomographic (CT) abnormalities in eight adult Haitians with toxoplasma encephalitis were analyzed retrospectively. Diagnosis was established by identification of Toxoplasma gondii on autopsy in five and brain biopsy in three specimens and subsequently confirmed by the immunoperoxidase method. All these patients, six of whom had been in the United States for 24 months or less, had severe idiopathic immunodeficiency syndrome. All were lymphopenic and six were on treatment for tuberculosis when the toxoplasma encephalitis developed. All patients were studied with CT when they developed an altered mental status and fever associated with seizures and/or focal neurologic deficits. Scans before treatment showed multiple intraparenchymal lesions in seven and a single lesion in the thalamus in one. Ring and/or nodular enhancement of the lesions was found in six and hypodense areas in two. Progression of abnormalities occurred on serial studies. These CT findings that were best shown on axial and coronal thin-section double-dose contrast studies were useful but not diagnostically pathognomonic. In patients with similar clinical presentation CT is recommended to identify focal areas of involvement and to guide brain biopsy or excision so that prompt medical therapy of this often lethal infection can be instituted. PMID- 6601426 TI - High-resolution CT of lesions of the optic nerve. AB - The optic nerves are well demonstrated by high-resolution computed tomography. Involvement of the optic nerve by optic gliomas and optic nerve sheath meningiomas is well known. However, nonneoplastic processes such as increased intracranial pressure, optic neuritis, Grave ophthalmopathy, and orbital pseudotumor may also alter the appearance of the optic nerve/sheath on computed tomography. Certain clinical and computed tomographic features permit distinction of these nonneoplastic tumefactions from tumors. PMID- 6601427 TI - High-resolution computed tomography of the normal larynx. AB - Computed tomography (CT) provides a unique method of evaluating abnormalities of the larynx by virtue of its cross-sectional images. Several reports have demonstrated its utility in staging laryngeal carcinoma and defining the extent of injury in cases of laryngeal trauma [1-8]. In order to appreciate subtle abnormalities of the larynx, a thorough understanding of the normal structures in this small anatomic area is crucial. Although previous studies have defined the normal CT anatomy of the larynx, many of the CT-anatomic correlations of the normal larynx used earlier-generation CT scanners with relatively poor resolution or were limited to transaxial images [9-13]. We have correlated high-resolution transaxial, coronal, and sagittal CT in vivo images with line drawings displaying normal laryngeal anatomy. The exquisite anatomic detail apparent in these images provides a sound basis for understanding subtle abnormalities in pathologic cases. PMID- 6601428 TI - CT anatomy of hilar lymphadenopathy. AB - The normal distribution of lymph nodes in the pulmonary hili is diagrammatically shown, with a typical computed tomographic (CT) demonstration of hilar lymphadenopathy. On the basis of observations in anatomic cross sections of cadaver lungs, the lymph nodes in the right lung can be divided into four principal groups (right upper lobe, interlobar, middle lobe, and lower lobe) and in the left lung into three principal groups (left upper lobe, interlobar, and lower lobe). Most of the hilar lymph nodes are situated along the bronchi in close relation with the pulmonary vascular branches. Because of this close proximity, contrast-enhanced CT images are indispensable for precise CT interpretation of a hilar lymphadenopathy. PMID- 6601429 TI - Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of mediastinal masses: evaluation of 136 experiences. AB - Experience with 136 fine-needle aspiration biopsies of mediastinal masses performed in 84 patients is reviewed. Biopsies were performed in all compartments of the mediastinum regardless of age. The biopsy technique included a 22-gauge needle with limitation of needle passes to an arbitrary number of three. The biopsy procedure was guided by either fluoroscopy or computed tomography (CT); guidance by CT is advantageous in the region of the thoracic inlet, hilum, and middle mediastinum, in small mediastinal masses, and in patients with superior vena cava syndrome. In 67 patients (79.7%) a specific cytologic diagnosis was obtained; in seven patients (8.3%), despite the presence of cells in the cytologic specimen, diagnosis could not be assessed. In the other 10 patients (11%), the samples obtained did not contain any cells. Morbidity was low: Light complications occurred in 15 patients (16.6%); drainage of pneumothorax was necessary in only three more. Bronchoscopy provided histology in three patients out of 12, mediastinoscopy established histologic diagnosis in 10 patients out of 16; surgery to remove the mass was performed in 38 patients. It is believed that fine-needle aspiration biopsy should be the first invasive procedure in the workup for diagnosing the nature of a mediastinal mass. PMID- 6601431 TI - CT of intracardiac and intrapericardial masses. AB - Computed tomographic (CT) equipment capable of high-resolution, rapid-sequence scanning allows detection of intracardiac and intrapericardial masses. Two patients with intrapericardial masses (pheochromocytoma, organized hematoma) and three patients with intracardiac masses (right ventricular rhabdomyosarcoma, right atrial metastasis, and left atrial thrombus) are presented. CT is the imaging method of choice for displaying pericardial masses directly and may be superior to echocardiography and angiocardiography in the detection of ventricular thrombi. In patients with cardiac tumors, CT evaluates extent of disease including invasion of contiguous vessels and pulmonary metastases better than echocardiography. Dynamic scanning after bolus intravenous injection of contrast material is recommended for the evaluation of patients with suspected masses involving the heart or pericardium. PMID- 6601430 TI - Radiologic-pathologic correlation conference: SUNY Upstate Medical Center. Progressive lung disease in a homosexual man. PMID- 6601432 TI - Computed tomography of pleural disease. AB - The computed tomography (CT) scans of 65 cases with histologic and clinical evidence of pleural disease were reviewed. The studies were analyzed according to the following CT features of the lesions: attenuation coefficient, contour, angle of interface with the adjacent pleura, and relationship to the adjacent lung, bone, and extrapleural tissues. The CT feature most helpful in detecting pleural involvement was the angle formed by the interface of the lesion with the adjacent pleura. An obtuse or tapering angle was seen in lesions involving the pleura. The other CT features are useful in identifying the site of origin and the specific nature of a lesion. PMID- 6601433 TI - Traumatic rupture of the diaphragm: real-time sonographic diagnosis. AB - Traumatic rupture of the diaphragm may be caused by either penetrating or blunt trauma. The diagnosis is often delayed because of attention to other serious injuries or lack of specific clinical and radiographic signs. In cases of penetrating peridiaphragmatic trauma, the possibility of a diaphragmatic laceration may not be considered, or the plain film findings may be extremely subtle or absent [1]. We report a case of delayed presentation of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia demonstrated by real-time sonography [2]. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case in which sonography provided a definitive diagnosis and prompted immediate surgical repair. PMID- 6601434 TI - Systemic artery-to-pulmonary vascular shunt: a complication of closed-tube thoracostomy. PMID- 6601435 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus in patients with scleroderma. AB - Three cases of patients with esophageal involvement by scleroderma, chronic reflux esophagitis, and adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus are presented. An underlying columnar metaplasia (Barrett esophagus) was identified in two patients and postulated in the third. It is believed that scleroderma patients with symptomatic chronic gastroesophageal reflux should be investigated for Barrett epithelium. If it is present, these patients should be followed and considered as having an increased risk for development of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. PMID- 6601436 TI - CT evaluation of thickened esophageal walls. AB - A study of 200 consecutive chest computed tomographic (CT) examinations revealed thickened esophageal walls (over 3 mm) in 35%. While this is the earliest finding of carcinoma of the esophagus on CT, only half of the cases of thickened walls were due to esophageal carcinoma. Other mediastinal malignancies as well as benign inflammatory, vascular, and fibrotic conditions such as reflux and monilial esophagitis, esophageal varices, and postirradiation scarring were found to cause thickened esophageal walls. Distension with air and intravenous enhancement aid in the optimal evaluation of the esophagus by CT. The thickened esophageal wall is always abnormal, but it is nonspecific, seen in both malignant and nonmalignant conditions. PMID- 6601437 TI - Gastroduodenal response to low-dose glucagon. AB - A prospective, double-blind clinical study of the double-contrast upper gastrointestinal examination involving 240 patients was performed using glucagon in doses from 0.025 to 0.125 mg, in 0.025 mg increments. Although motility was diminished, neither gastric distension or coating was improved with the use of glucagon. However, duodenal distension and coating were markedly enhanced. The response of the pylorus was individualistic. The pylorus remained patent in most patients, and glucagon would not prevent barium spillage in the duodenum. However, in those patients with a "competent" pylorus, increasing glucagon doses produced a delay in gastric emptying. Several other variables, including weight, age, and gender, were studied and were not believed to be of clinical significance. Spontaneous gastroesophageal reflux was also increased with the use of glucagon. Glucagon mainly enhanced duodenal visualization but had no beneficial effect on the stomach or pylorus. Absolute dose is the most important factor, and all observable changes can be seen once a certain threshold dose (0.05 mg) is reached. PMID- 6601438 TI - Linear niches in the duodenal bulb. AB - Twenty-three linear niches in the duodenal bulb were found in 22 patients out of a series of 314 patients with radiographically demonstrated duodenal ulcers (incidence 7%). Double-contrast and single-contrast graded-compression views were effective in depicting the linear niche in four cases. In 14 cases only double contrast films showed the abnormality, while in four cases the diagnosis could be made only on positive-contrast graded-compression films. Optimal distension proved to be essential in both techniques. All niches were transversely oriented in the duodenal bulb. In 18 cases the niche occurred in a deformed bulb, and in four cases there was no deformity. Radiologic differentiation between a thin, active, linear ulcer and a linear scar was not possible. PMID- 6601439 TI - Verification of superficial biopsy sites by barium enema. PMID- 6601440 TI - Ileal ring ulcers in behcet syndrome. PMID- 6601441 TI - Dynamic CT of pancreatic tumors. AB - Dynamic computed tomography was performed on 19 patients with clinically diagnosed pancreatic and peripancreatic tumors. There were 10 patients with pancreatic cancer, three with inflammatory pancreatic masses, two with cystadenoma, one with insulinoma, and three with peripancreatic tumors. Computed tomography was performed with a Varian-V-360-3 scanner; scanning was for 30 consecutive sec at 3 sec intervals after the bolus injection of 50 ml of contrast medium into the antecubital vein. Dynamic computed tomography (CT) may be more useful than conventional contrast CT because it facilitates: (1) correct evaluation of tumor vascularity allowing a differential diagnosis; (2) location of the boundary between tumor and a nontumor tissue; (3) detection of small tumors; and (4) visualization of pancreatic invasion by peripancreatic tumors. In addition, contrast enhancement and the degree of vascular proliferation can be quantitatively assessed by analyzing time-density curves. PMID- 6601442 TI - Radionuclide demonstration of intrapulmonary shunting in cirrhosis. PMID- 6601443 TI - Mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver identified by fetal sonography. PMID- 6601444 TI - Traumatic lymphocele: demonstration by lymphoscintigraphy with modified 99mTc sulfur colloid. PMID- 6601445 TI - A comparison of hexabrix and Renografin 60 in peripheral arteriography. AB - Fifty-one patients were analyzed after a randomized double-blind study comparing Hexabrix and Renografin 60 in peripheral arteriography. The arteriographic studies and the volumes of contrast material used in both groups were similar. Hexabrix caused significantly less pain and discomfort than Renografin 60, and the diagnostic quality of the radiographs was comparable. A slightly higher incidence of minor side effects was noted in the Hexabrix group, mostly nausea and vomiting and urinary retention. PMID- 6601446 TI - The nonvisualized nonoccluded graft. PMID- 6601447 TI - Preoperative transcatheter occlusion of a saccular aneurysm of the ascending aorta. PMID- 6601448 TI - Therapeutic embolization of a hyperfunctioning pheochromocytoma. PMID- 6601449 TI - Sonography of pyonephrosis: a prospective study. AB - Sonograms of 73 patients with 92 hydronephrotic kidneys were prospectively reviewed in an attempt to differentiate hydronephrosis from pyonephrosis. Sonographic diagnosis of pyonephrosis was based on the presence of persistent internal echoes, dispersed or dependent, within the dilated pelvocaliceal system. In group 1, consisting of 38 patients without clinical evidence of renal infection, sonography revealed the collecting system distended by urine to be anechoic, for a specificity of 100%. In group 2, consisting of 34 patients with clinical suspicion of renal infection, sonography showed internal echoes within the fluid-filled collecting system in 10 cases; nine of these had pyonephrosis (sensitivity of 90%), and one had hemorrhagic debris without infection (false positive rate 3%). In the other 24 patients, sonography correctly predicted the absence of infection in all but one case (specificity 97%, false-negative rate 10%). It is concluded that in patients with clinical suspicion of renal infection, sonography has a high degree of accuracy (96%) in the differentiation of pyonephrosis from hydronephrosis. PMID- 6601450 TI - Bone scintigraphy of hip joint effusions in children. AB - Thirty-eight children with hip pain of acute onset were studied by bone scintigraphy. Nine patients had diminished radiotracer deposition involving the entire proximal femoral ossification center. This could be related to infarction or compression of the blood supply by a tense joint effusion. Eight of these patients had joint aspiration confirming the presence of an effusion. Five patients had follow-up studies after aspiration, and femoral-head uptake reverted to normal in all but one which subsequently proved to be infarcted. A photopenic zone was seen on blood pool images in 10 patients, many of whom were also aspirated of fluid. Bone scintigraphy is useful in the diagnosis of joint effusions and can give information as to the state of perfusion of the femoral head. Follow-up studies after aspiration can differentiate infarction from reversible ischemia. PMID- 6601451 TI - Comparative functional and physiologic status of active and dropout coronary bypass patients of a rehabilitation program. AB - To assess the benefits of regular participation in a medically supervised cardiac rehabilitation program, 22 patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass (2 groups of 11 each) were studied retrospectively. Group I (mean age 53 years) was currently enrolled in the rehabilitation program. Group II (mean age 56 years) had begun but had discontinued the program. The stated reasons for discontinuation were not medical. There was no difference in entry exercise tests, and presurgical catheterization data in both groups were comparable. Mean peak oxygen consumption (VO2) by modified Douglas bag technique, heart rate X systolic blood pressure product, and treadmill duration time were recorded in a single testing period. Results revealed that Group I had higher peak VO2 (30 ml/kg/min) than Group II (24) (p less than 0.005) and greater treadmill time (11 minutes) than Group II (8) (p less than 0.01). Nine of 11 subjects in Group I were fully employed, versus 4 of 11 in Group II (p less than 0.01). One of 11 subjects in Group I had been rehospitalized versus 5 in Group II. None in Group I but 4 of 11 subjects in Group II smoked. Thus, based on the sampling and methodology of this study, it is concluded that coronary artery bypass patients in rehabilitation programs have greater peak VO2 and treadmill test time, smoke less, are less often rehospitalized, and are more often fully employed than those who are not in such programs. PMID- 6601453 TI - Ultrastructural configuration of sarcomeres in passive and contracted frog sartorius muscle. AB - The structural configuration of passive and contracted sarcomeres from frog sartorius muscle was determined for sarcomere lengths between 1.4 and 3.07 microns. Sarcomeres fixed with glutaraldehyde, without detectable contractile activity, were invariably rectangular in shape in longitudinal section regardless of sarcomere length. The structure of sarcomeres excited by osmium tetroxide and contracted depended upon sarcomere length. For lengths greater than 1.6 microns, longitudinally sectioned sarcomeres were convexoconvex (or barrel-shaped). At 1.6 microns, contracted sarcomeres were invariably rectangular in shape. Below 1.6 microns, sarcomeres were compressed and appeared concavoconcave. The results of this study provide models for isovolumetrically contracted sarcomeres which differ significantly from those previously reported. PMID- 6601452 TI - Anomalous right coronary artery: a surgically correctable cause of angina pectoris. PMID- 6601455 TI - Interactions of community nutritional status and xerophthalmia in Indonesia. AB - In order to determine which community level factors best explain the variation in the prevalence of xerophthalmia, an analysis was done on risk factors of xerophthalmia from the Indonesian Nutritional Blindness Study (1976 to 1979). Because of the common belief that xerophthalmia is closely linked to malnutrition, and the fact that within the study itself, it was demonstrated that children with xerophthalmia had a much higher prevalence of malnutrition than normal children, the relationship between the prevalence of malnutrition and the prevalence of xerophthalmia was explored. Using two different statistical approaches the prevalence of malnutrition within a community could not be demonstrated to be a good predictor of the prevalence of xerophthalmia within that community. PMID- 6601454 TI - Impairment of blastogenic response of splenic lymphocytes from iron-deficient mice. In vitro repletion by hemin, transferrin, and ferric chloride. AB - Splenic lymphocytes from iron deficient C57BL/6 mice gave smaller proliferative responses to T and B cell mitogens than those from either the control of pair-fed mice. The addition of hemin to the culture medium partially restored the responses to Con A and phytohemagglutinin but not to bacterial lipopolysaccharide in unfractionated spleen cells and enriched T cell fractions. The responses of lymphocytes from the control and pair-fed mice were either unchanged or decreased. Hemin restored the blastogenic response to Con A more efficiently than to phytohemagglutinin. The blastogenic responses were increased linearly with increasing doses of hemin. Ferric chloride and iron saturated mouse transferrin did not restore the response to either Con A or lipopolysaccharide. However, both transferrin and ferric chloride partially restored the response to phytohemagglutinin. The possible mechanism of selective restoration of blastogenesis by hemin, transferrin, and ferric chloride in iron-deficient T lymphocytes is discussed. PMID- 6601456 TI - B-lymphocyte typing (HLA-DR, MT, MB) interlaboratory reproducibility. AB - Frozen lymphocytes from six persons were shipped, in three batches, from one location to 11 other participating laboratories for B-lymphocyte typing. The cells were received by the participating laboratories in a frozen state with one exception. Four of the 12 (including the host laboratory) used two-color fluorescence method, seven used nylon wool to isolate B-lymphocytes followed by cytotoxicity testing using trypan blue, and one laboratory used goat anti-human F(ab')2 to isolate B-lymphocytes for two cells and two-color fluorescence method for the other four cells. Reference antigen assignments of the various cells were essentially the consensus of the various laboratories and major departures from those assignments were considered errors. Twelve typing errors were seen in a total of 67 typings (for HLA-DR), i.e., an error rate of 17.9%. Four of the errors might have been due to the poor state of cells resulting from the participating laboratory storing the cells for over four weeks before testing. Six of the 12 laboratories were in agreement for all six cells and made no errors. Typing for MT antigens did not appear to be particularly reliable, but there was a good interlaboratory correlation for MB antigen assignments. The exercise has established the feasibility of conducting a cell exchange for B lymphocyte typing over a fairly wide geographic area, and has shown that the overall error rate for HLA-DR antigen assignments is about three times the rate of HLA-AB typing. PMID- 6601457 TI - Acquired angiodysplasia as a cause of gastric hemorrhage: a possible consequence of cholesterol embolization. AB - A patient with aortic stenosis and gastrointestinal bleeding due to angiodysplastic (telangiectatic) lesions in the stomach is presented. Biopsy of the lesions showed cholesterol emboli with granuloma formation, intramucosal vascular obstruction, subepithelial ectatic vessels, and epithelial atrophy. The case history appeared to indicate the formation of new lesions over time and a tendency to a regression of some of the least advanced lesions. It is suggested that cholesterol showers from the aortic valve or atheromatous aortic plaques may be one cause of acquired angiodysplastic lesions in the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 6601458 TI - An unusual autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a patient with immunoblastic sarcoma. AB - This report describes a patient with immunoblastic sarcoma and autoimmune hemolytic anemia with reticulocytopenia and red cell hypoplasia. Both IgG and IgM red cell autoantibodies were present in the patient's serum, and both antibodies had the uncommon specificity of anti-IT. This report appears to be the first to describe IgG auto anti-IT and autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a patient who did not have Hodgkin's disease; the laboratory findings and clinical course are described. The reticulocytopenia and red cell hypoplasia may have been immunologically mediated. The patient responded to plasma exchange, corticosteroids, and chemotherapy. PMID- 6601459 TI - Pulmonary vasculitis (Wegener's granulomatosis). Immunohistochemical study of T and B cell markers. AB - A case of pulmonary vasculitis (Wegener's granulomatosis) is reported in which immunoperoxidase studies demonstrated that the vascular lymphoid infiltrates were composed predominantly of T cells and monocytes. Occasional T cells, B cells and monocytes were identified in the alveolar septa. IgG, IgA, IgM, and C3 were not identified in pulmonary vessels, septa, or alveoli. These findings suggest that cellular rather than humoral-immune mechanisms predominate in pulmonary vasculitis. PMID- 6601460 TI - Altered regional myocardial metabolism in congestive cardiomyopathy detected by positron tomography. AB - The present study was performed to determine whether positron emission tomography performed after intravenous injection of 11C-palmitate permits detection and characterization of congestive cardiomyopathy. Positron emission tomography was performed after the intravenous injection of 11C-palmitate in 13 normal subjects, 17 patients with congestive cardiomyopathy, and six patients with initial transmural myocardial infarction (defined electrocardiographically). Regionally depressed accumulation of 11C-palmitate was assessed, characterized, and quantified in seven parallel transaxial reconstructions in each patient. Normal subjects exhibited homogeneous accumulation of 11C-palmitate within the left ventricular myocardium, with smooth transitions in regional content of radioactivity. Patients with cardiomyopathy exhibited marked spatial heterogeneity of the accumulation of palmitate throughout the myocardium, easily distinguishable from that in normal subjects and distinct from that observed in patients with transmural infarction, in whom discrete regions of depressed accumulation of palmitate were observed with residual viable myocardium accumulating palmitate homogeneously. Patients with cardiomyopathy exhibited a larger number of discrete noncontiguous regions of accumulation of palmitate within the myocardium than either control subjects or patients with transmural infarction (17.4 +/- 0.6 [SEM] versus 11.8 +/- 0.7 versus 10.3 +/- 0.6, p less than 0.005). Similarly, regions of accumulation of palmitate were irregularly shaped in patients with cardiomyopathy, with a longer normalized perimeter than either control subjects or patients with transmural infarction (2.0 +/- 0.05 versus 1.8 +/- 0.06 versus 1.9 +/- 0.09, p less than 0.05). Regional abnormalities of the accumulation of 11C-palmitate could not be explained by regional differences in left ventricular wall motion or myocardial perfusion. Thus, marked heterogeneity of regional myocardial accumulation of 11C-palmitate is detectable and quantifiable in patients with congestive cardiomyopathy by positron emission tomography and may be particularly valuable for early detection and characterization of cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6601461 TI - Progressive hemifacial atrophy (Parry-Romberg syndrome) report with review of genetics and nosology. AB - We describe a boy with mild hemifacial atrophy (Parry-Romberg syndrome); he had localized scleroderma on a leg and his trunk, and antinuclear antibodies in his serum. These findings support suggestions that this disorder could be a variant of localized scleroderma rather than a developmental anomaly or dysplasia. A review of the literature does not support assertions of autosomal dominant inheritance of the condition. PMID- 6601462 TI - Massive hemorrhage due to hemodialysis-associated thrombocytopenia. AB - Marked declines in platelet numbers were noted in association with hemodialysis. This resulted in gastrointestinal bleeding and the need for packed RBC and platelet transfusions. This hemodialysis-associated thrombocytopenia was ameliorated by changing the dialyzer in use. The gastrointestinal bleeding stopped and the need for platelet transfusions was obviated. The degree of platelet loss during hemodialysis is probably affected by the composition of the dialyzer membrane used as well as other factors. Hemodialysis-associated thrombocytopenia may be a contributing factor in the increased bleeding tendency noted in hemodialysis patients. PMID- 6601463 TI - L-5-hydroxytryptophan for LSD-induced psychosis. AB - The serotonin precursor L-5-hydroxytryptophan reversed the symptoms of a 23-year old man suffering from LSD-induced psychosis who participated in a randomized, double-blind crossover study of the drug and a placebo. This finding is compatible with the speculation that some LSD-induced psychotic disorders may be caused by a relative deficiency of CNS serotonin. PMID- 6601464 TI - Gastrointestinal hemorrhage from pseudoaneurysms in pancreatic pseudocysts. AB - Gastrointestinal hemorrhage secondary to hemosuccus pancreaticus is a rare condition that poses a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. It is reported to occur most commonly in the setting of acute or chronic pancreatitis with rupture of pseudoaneurysms of the spleen or hepatic artery into the pancreatic duct. In this report three such cases have been reported. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scanning can noninvasively define pancreatic pseudocysts with a high degree of accuracy. Real-time ultrasonography may document a pulsatile pseudoaneurysm. Radionuclide arterial scanning, by demonstrating pooling of blood in the area of a pseudocyst, can point to the source of bleeding in patients with pancreatitis and gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Selective celiac angiography, however, is the only diagnostic test that can definitively outline a pseudoaneurysm and demonstrate its rupture into a pseudocyst or into the pancreatic duct. Pancreatic resection including excision of the pseudoaneurysm and pseudocyst (when present) is the treatment of choice. In cases where resection is not possible, ligation of the artery proximal and distal to the pseudoaneurysm and drainage of the pseudocyst into the gastrointestinal tract is an acceptable alternative procedure. Although intraarterial catheter embolization of the bleeding vessel can be a lifesaving procedure in these very sick patients, subsequent resection of the lesion is warranted as the definitive treatment. PMID- 6601465 TI - Hypotension following cimetidine administration during cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Intravenous administration of cimetidine may occasionally cause profound hypotension. Cimetidine 200 mg was administered as a bolus injection to patients whilst on cardiopulmonary bypass and subsequent changes in systemic arterial pressure were recorded. A statistically significant fall in arterial pressure was observed (p less than 0.001), which was attributable to a fall in systemic vascular resistance. PMID- 6601466 TI - Epidermal growth factor delays the development of the epidermis and hair follicles of mice during growth of the first coat. PMID- 6601467 TI - Drug abuse by anesthesia personnel. AB - Anesthesia personnel of 15 southeastern academic departments reported significantly less use of marijuana and cocaine among their staffs than did a class of medical students describing their own use. The chairmen reported that between 1% and 2% of anesthesia personnel came to their attention because of drug or alcohol abuse. Of 44 persons known to abuse drugs or alcohol, seven were reported to have died secondary to abuse. PMID- 6601468 TI - Peripheral blood T and B lymphocyte subpopulations in Bell's palsy. AB - A prospective clinical, virological and immunological study was performed on 25 consecutive Bell's palsy (BP) patients. Multiple cranial nerve involvement was found in 15 patients. A significant decrease in the peripheral blood T lymphocyte percentage as well as an increase in B lymphocyte percentage (p less than 0.001) were found in 13 of the BP patients during the first 24 days from the clinical onset of the paralysis. No correlation was found between the peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations and the patient's age, sex, degree of paralysis or recovery rate. No changes were detected in the levels of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM), complement (C3, C4) and antiviral antibodies to herpes simplex and zoster, EBV, cytomegalic virus, adenovirus, influenza and mumps. The clinical and immunological data of BP show a similar pattern to those of Guillain-Barre syndrome suggesting that BP may be an antoimmune demyelinating cranial polyneuritis which may be caused by a preceding viral infection. PMID- 6601469 TI - Incidence of colour-blindness among the marine fishermen of Puri. PMID- 6601471 TI - Redox potential dependence of photophosphorylation and electron transfer in continuous illumination of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides chromatophores. AB - The dependence on redox potential (Eh) of the steady-state photophosphorylation rate in chromatophores of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides Ga was measured using slowly equilibrating (and hence less interfering) redox mediators. The remaining interference of the mediators was taken into account by extrapolating to zero mediator concentration. The extents of cytochrome redox reactions (in the presence of antimycin) and of the carotenoid shift were similarly measured. The redox titration of cytochrome c oxidation is consistent with a requirement for prior cytochrome c2 reduction and prior Q1 (primary electron acceptor) oxidation, while the titration of cytochrome b reduction is consistent with a requirement for prior (BChl)2 reduction and prior cytochrome b560 oxidation. The steady-state carotenoid shift extent is a much more broadly peaked function of Eh than is the extent following a single-turnover flash, indicating that the transmembrane electrical potential difference can be built up to significant levels by minimal rates of electron flow. The photophosphorylation rate, in contrast, is much more strongly Eh dependent, supporting the concept of a threshold membrane energization below which phosphorylation cannot occur. Earlier work by others showing a requirement for equilibrium cytochrome c2 reduction and Q1 oxidation is clearly confirmed. A much greater enhancement in phosphorylation rate was found at low Eh than has heretofore been reported. This threefold enhancement is discussed in relation to the equilibrium redox states of the ubiquinone-10 complement of the chromatophore membrane. PMID- 6601470 TI - In vitro antibacterial activity of SM-1652, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin with antipseudomonal activity. AB - SM-1652 (sodium 7-[D(-)-alpha-(4-hydroxy-6-methylpyridine-3-carboxamido)-alpha-(4 hydroxyphenyl)acetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl) thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4 carboxylate) is a new semisynthetic cephalosporin derivative with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. Its in vitro activity against gram-positive bacteria was comparable to that of cefazolin. SM-1652 exceeded cefazolin in potency and broadness of antibacterial activity against such Enterobacteriaceae as indole-positive Proteus spp., Enterobacter cloacae, and Serratia marcescens. A remarkable feature of the spectrum of SM-1652 is its high activity against Pseudomonadaceae. Against 200 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, SM 1652 was significantly more active than cefoperazone, cefotaxime, and sulbenicillin and as active as cefsulodin. The activities of SM-1652 against Pseudomonas maltophilia and Pseudomonas cepacia were superior to those of cefoperazone, cefotaxime, cefsulodin, sulbenicillin, and gentamicin. SM-1652 was relatively stable to hydrolysis with plasmid-mediated penicillinases and cephalosporinases produced by gram-negative bacteria. PMID- 6601472 TI - Autoantibodies and their clinical significance in a black vitiligo population. AB - The frequency of autoantibodies was determined in 70 black vitiligo patients and controls. Both groups were screened for antithyroid, antinuclear, antigastric parietal cell, anti-smooth muscle cell, and antimitochondrial autoantibodies. The significance of autoantibodies was determined in vitiligo patients by correlating their presence or absence with various clinical features of the patients. The overall frequencies of autoimmune and endocrine diseases were also assessed in vitiligo patients, controls, and their respective families. Vitiligo patients had an increased frequency of antithyroid antibodies and an increased frequency of autoimmune and/or endocrine diseases. These diseases included, especially, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and alopecia areata. Autoantibody-positive vitiligo patients had an increased frequency of first- and second-degree relatives having autoimmune and/or endocrine diseases. These findings tend to support an autoimmune cause of vitiligo in black patients. PMID- 6601474 TI - Calculated preoperative mean left atrial pressure as a guide to volume load at the termination of aortocoronary bypass operation. AB - The routine use of an arbitrary fixed left atrial (LA) pressure during volume load after aortocoronary bypass operation was compared with use of an individualized postoperative target LA pressure according to a calculated preoperative LA pressure in two groups of consecutive patients. The preoperative LA pressure of each patient was calculated from the preoperative left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) by the formula: mean LA pressure = 1.16 x LVEDP - 8.53. Left atrial pressure, mean arterial pressure, mean right atrial pressure, and cardiac output were measured simultaneously on arrival at the intensive care unit and 60 minutes later. Cardiac index (CI) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were calculated from the variables already mentioned. Results indicated a significantly higher CI and significantly lower SVR in patients in whom volume load was aimed at the calculated preoperative LA pressure. It was concluded that the optimal postoperative LA pressure is specific for each patient and depends on the preoperative LVEDP. PMID- 6601475 TI - Further decrease in subclinical hemolysis utilizing 12.7 mm tubing in the arterial roller head. AB - In a series of 20 consecutive perfusions done for the same surgeon, 9.54 mm tubing was used in 10 coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedures (Group 1), and 12.7 mm (1/2 in) internal diameter tubing was used in 8 CABG operations and 2 single valve replacements (Group 2). Extracorporeal circulation techniques were otherwise identical in all procedures. While no statistically significant differences between Group 1 and Group 2 were noted for pump time or platelet counts, it was observed that the patients undergoing perfusions with 12.7 mm internal diameter tubing showed significantly less hemolysis. PMID- 6601473 TI - Differences between normal and milk allergic subjects in their immune responses after milk ingestion. AB - In order to understand why non-atopic people do not have adverse symptoms to food antigens which enter the circulation after eating, 8 non-atopic and 10 atopic eczema- and milk-allergic subjects were challenged with milk, and the types of circulating immune complexes formed were analysed. Although the amount of beta lactoglobulin incorporated into complexes did not differ statistically between the groups, the type of immune complex did. Of the non-atopic individuals, 5 formed IgA and 2 IgG complexes. Of the milk-allergic group, all showed a rise in at least one type; 5 formed IgA, 7 IgG, 6 IgE, and 6 formed C1q-binding complexes. Our data suggest that serum IgA is concerned in safe food antigen handling in non-atopic people, and that the differences in the type of immune complexes formed in response to antigen challenge may underlie the systemic symptoms of food allergy. PMID- 6601476 TI - Cold agglutinins and coronary artery bypass grafting. PMID- 6601477 TI - Influence of fetal calf serum on the formation of active and total E-rosettes. PMID- 6601478 TI - Validation of a problem-focused nomenclature. AB - To test the value of a problem-focused nomenclature, problems were compared with DSM-II diagnoses as predictors of treatment and outcome. Patient problems, diagnoses, and treatment plans were coded from the medical records of 779 psychiatric inpatients. Problems were found to predict treatment plans better than did diagnoses. The combination of problems and diagnoses, however, was the best predictor of treatment with psychotropic medications. Problems of over 300 patients were compared with diagnoses as predictors of patient outcomes in overall functioning, subjective well-being, family functioning and mental status. At two months, problems and diagnoses predicted outcome equally well while the two in combination afforded the best prediction. At one year, however, the variance in outcomes explained by diagnosis was one third less than that explained by problems. PMID- 6601479 TI - Light and electron microscopy. PMID- 6601480 TI - [Role of histological fixation of the brain in the detection of functional changes in the size of neurons]. AB - In the experiments performed on frogs using vital and fixed preparations, the size and structure of the spinal motoneurons have been studied. In both cases the neighbouring neurons differ in size, form and staining intensity. After the brain is fixed in Carnoy fluid and in 96% alcohol, the neuron size decreases by 34%, cytoplasm--by 35%, nucleus--by 33% and nucleolus--by 22%. The nucleus--cytoplasm ratio does not change in the neurons after fixation. After fixation the neighboring neurons decrease to various degree (from 18 up to 54%). There is no correlation between the neuron size and degree of its decreasing after the brain fixation. In the vital preparations studied the size of the motoneurons subjected to an intensive, prolonged synaptic activation does not differ from that of the control. However, after the brain fixation, their size decreases by 49%. Thus, the degree of the neuron decrease after the brain fixation surves as an index of the vital activation intensity. The neurons injured or subjected to an intensive and prolonged activation only after fixation shrink and acquire a pyknomorphous appearance. PMID- 6601481 TI - Vitreous fluorophotometry in congenital stationary nightblindness. AB - Vitreous fluorophotometry was performed on eyes with three kinds of congenital stationary nightblindness: Oguchi's disease (two cases), X-linked congenital stationary nightblindness (two cases), and fundus albipunctatus (one case). The results were compared with the electroretinogram (ERG) and the electro-oculogram (EOG). In spite of the variable degree of abnormality of the ERG and EOG, all eyes showed normal values on vitreous fluorophotometry. These results strongly suggest that the blood-retinal barrier in congenital stationary nightblindness is intact and that the electrophysiological results and the functioning of the blood retinal barrier do not correlate in these diseases. PMID- 6601482 TI - Corneal dystrophy. PMID- 6601483 TI - Evidence for the occurrence of O-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides of poly-N acetyllactosamine type on the human leucocyte common antigen. AB - High molecular weight glycoproteins of human B and T lymphocytes known as leucocyte common antigen or T200 have been shown to carry O- and N-glycosidically linked, sialylated, carbohydrate chains. The O-linked chains are polydisperse and those of B rather than T cell type are highly susceptible to degradation by endo beta-galactosidase. These differences among lymphocytes that are functionally distinct raise the possibility that the oligosaccharides may contribute to the functions of these differentiation molecules as well as to their electrophoretic diversity. PMID- 6601484 TI - Clinical characteristics of patients with rheumatic disorders who possess antibodies against ribonucleoprotein particles. AB - IgG was purified from 91 serum samples obtained from patients with systemic rheumatic diseases and examined for the presence of antinuclear antibodies reactive with small ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. Antibody specificity was determined by autoradiographic detection of 32P labeled RNA which had been separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This RNA was extracted from immune complexes formed by adding purified IgG to a homogenate of 32P labeled HeLa cells. Anti-RNP antibodies were detected in 70% of these samples. Specific antibodies detected were anti-(U1)-RNP (35%), anti-Sm (30%), anti-Ro (24%), and anti-La (10%). Other antibodies (9%) were reactive with structures containing 5S and 5.8S RNA or 4S RNA. There was a significant relationship between the presence of anti-RNP antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (78%) as opposed to their presence in patients with non-SLE rheumatic disorders (45%). However, taken individually, anti-Ro was the only antibody whose presence in SLE patients (30%) was significantly greater than its presence in non-SLE patients (5%). Vasculitis was the only clinical manifestation found to correlate with the presence of a particular antibody, anti(U1)RNP. There is some suggestion of a racial distribution of antibody types. PMID- 6601485 TI - Granulopoiesis in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The pathogenesis of granulopoietic failure in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was studied. In 16 Japanese women with SLE, a decreased number of granulocyte/monocyte progenitor cells (CFU-C) in the bone marrow was demonstrated, and the number of CFU-C correlated significantly with the peripheral blood granulocyte/monocyte count. The peripheral and bone marrow T lymphocytes suppressed the colony formation of autologous or allogeneic bone marrow CFU-C. These findings suggest that the decreased marrow CFU-C may be due to suppression by T lymphocytes, an event that may play an important role in the pathogenesis of granulopoietic failure in SLE. PMID- 6601486 TI - Sex hormonal effects on the severity of streptococcal cell wall-induced polyarthritis in the rat. PMID- 6601487 TI - Scientific abstracts: 47th annual meeting, American Rheumatism Association; 18th annual meeting, Arthritis Health Professions Association. June 1-4, 1983, San Antonio, Texas. PMID- 6601488 TI - The identification of the vitamin K-dependent bone protein osteocalcin as one of the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid containing proteins present in calcified atherosclerotic plaque and mineralized heart valves. AB - Calcium binding proteins containing gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) have previously been demonstrated to occur in calcified atherosclerotic plaque and calcified cardiac valves. Experiments were carried out to determine if one of the Gla-containing proteins in human cardiovascular calcifications is the vitamin K dependent bone protein, osteocalcin. A radio-immunoassay for human osteocalcin was employed, and EDTA extractions of calcified atheromata, and aortic valves as well as relevant noncalcified material were analyzed. Tissue calcium levels were also determined, as were Gla levels as a measure of total vitamin K-dependent protein content. Osteocalcin was present at low levels in all calcified cardiovascular tissues (4.5-175.7 ng osteocalcin/mg protein) with trace levels or nondetectable amounts present in noncalcified tissue. Osteocalcin accounted for a small proportion of the total protein-bound Gla (0.01-0.05%). The relationship of osteocalcin to the other Gla-containing proteins of atherosclerotic plaque including atherocalcin, the principal extractable Gla-containing protein of calcified plaque, is discussed. PMID- 6601490 TI - The cell population of cutaneous B-cell lymphomas. AB - The cellular composition of the dermal infiltrates of eleven patients with a cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (four centroblastic lymphomas, two centroblastic/centrocytic lymphomas and five immunocytomas) was investigated. The distribution of both the neoplastic and the non-neoplastic cells (reactive T cells, macrophages and dendritic reticulum cells) in primary and secondary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas was very similar to that of B-cell lymphomas of the same type in lymph nodes. Reactive T cells and dendritic reticulum cells were only occasionally found in centroblastic lymphoma, but were very numerous in centroblastic/centrocytic lymphoma. The large majority of these T cells in centroblastic/centrocytic lymphoma showed the phenotype of activated T-helper cells (Leu-I+, Leu-3a+, OKT4+, HLA-DR+). In immunocytomas many T cells reactive with Leu-I, Leu-3a, and OKT4 but not with anti-HLA-DR antiserum, and varying numbers of dendritic reticulum cells were found. Since B-cell lymphomas in lymph nodes are the neoplastic counterparts of B-cell reactions which take place after antigenic stimulation in the different lymph node compartments, our results suggest that cutaneous B-cell lymphomas may be the malignant counterparts of similar B-cell reactions in the skin. PMID- 6601491 TI - Complex formation of pregnancy-specific alpha 2-glycoprotein (SP1 alpha) and heparin. AB - The Schwangerschaftsprotein 1 (SP1)alpha values in blood measured by rocket immunoelectrophoresis are affected by the addition of anticoagulants. When compared with values in serum, those in heparin plasma were much higher, while those in sequestrene ethylenediamine-tetra-acetic acid), sodium citrate and fluoride oxalate were lower. On the other hand, SP1 and SP1 beta concentrations were not significantly affected in heparin or sequestrene and were only slightly depressed in sodium citrate and fluoride oxalate. The effect of heparin on SP1 alpha in serum was dose-dependent. We surmise that SP1 alpha forms a complex with heparin and that it may be involved in the coagulation system in pregnancy. PMID- 6601489 TI - Phospholipase activities of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in rat Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. AB - Respiratory distress, main clinical symptom of P. carinii pneumonia, is unexplained. We wondered if it could be linked with a lung surfactant anomaly. We have shown in the bronchoalveolar fluid lavage of P. carinii-infected rats: a very significant decrease of the phospholipid content; a lowering of the phospholipid/protein ratio; and an increase in phospholipase activities, partly due to the activation of an inactive phospholipase into the active form. We conclude that, in P. carinii-infected rats, there is an increased catabolism of lung surfactant. PMID- 6601492 TI - Candida endophthalmitis in a heroin addict: a case report. AB - Metastatic candida endophthalmitis presented as a unilateral panuveitis in an apparently healthy drug addict. Diagnosis was confirmed by vitrectomy. The eye made an excellent response to treatment with the new antifungal drug, ketoconazole, and 5-fluorocytosine. Problems raised in the diagnosis and management of this infection are discussed. PMID- 6601493 TI - Kinetic relationships between the various activities of the formyl-methenyl methylenetetrahydrofolate synthetase. AB - The formyl-methenyl-methylenetetrahydrofolate synthetase from chicken liver catalyzes the formation of the 10-formyl- and 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate cofactors via three enzymatic activities. In this report we define the kinetic relationships between the activities of this trifunctional protein. An investigation of the time course for 10-formyl cofactor synthesis by computer modeling indicates that commencing with tetrahydropteroyltriglutamate, the activities of the synthetase/cyclohydrolase couple act as separate enzymic species. In contrast, 10-formyl cofactor formation from the 5,10-methylene cofactor utilizing the dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase couple is described by a single or interactive site model that partitions the 5,10-methenyl intermediate primarily (85%) to the 10-formyl product. An unusual characteristic of the latter coupled activities is the negligible cyclohydrolase activity toward exogenous 5,10-methenyl cofactor, which serves as substrate in the individual activity assay. This is based on (1) competitive inhibition by 5,11 methenyltetrahydrohomofolate against the 5,10-methenyl derivative in the cyclohydrolase-catalyzed hydrolysis but the absence of such inhibition in the dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase couple and (2) a pulse-chase experiment showing the failure of chase 5,10-methenyl cofactor to dilute the 10-formyl product derived from the coupled activities. The result of this coupling is to minimize the concentration of the 5,10-methenyl species, consistent with its noninvolvement in de novo purine biosynthesis. PMID- 6601495 TI - Laser Raman spectroscopy of calf bone Gla protein. AB - The Raman spectra of solid calf bone Gla protein in its native state, decarboxylated, with reduced disulfide bond, and as the calcium salt have been obtained. The amide I and III bands are consistent with the presence of alpha helical, antiparallel beta-sheet, and random-coil regions in all four forms of bone Gla protein. Random coil appears to be the prevailing conformation. The protein conformation in the calcium salt exhibits an increased alpha-helix character compared to the native protein. No significant differences in the backbone conformation are observed among the native, decarboxylated, and reduced forms of bone Gla protein. The Raman band at 504 cm-1, due to the disulfide stretching vibration in native bone Gla protein, is unchanged upon decarboxylation and binding of Ca2+ to the protein, indicating the absence of any changes in the conformation around the disulfide bond in these protein species. The tryptophan and most of the tyrosine residues appear to be 'exposed' rather than 'buried' in the native protein. The environment of at least one of the phenylalanine residues changes when Ca2+ is bound to bone Gla protein. A small change also appears to take place in the environment of at least one of the tyrosine residues upon Ca2+-binding or reduction of the disulfide bond. PMID- 6601494 TI - Reactivity of bovine blood coagulation factor IXa beta, factor Xa beta, and factor XIa toward fluorogenic peptides containing the activation site sequences of bovine factor IX and factor X. AB - The published activation site sequences of bovine factors IX and X have been utilized to synthesize a number of peptides specifically designed respectively as substrates for bovine factors XIa and IXa beta. The substrates contain a fluorophore (2-aminobenzoyl group, Abz) and a quenching group (4 nitrobenzylamide, Nba) that are separated upon enzymatic hydrolysis with a resultant increase in fluorescence that was utilized to measure hydrolysis rates. Factor XIa cleaved all of the peptides bearing factor IX activation site sequences with Abz-Glu-Phe-Ser-Arg-Val-Val-Gly-Nba having the highest kcat/KM value. The kinetic behavior of factor XIa toward the synthetic peptide substrate indicates that it has a minimal extended substrate recognition site at least five residues long spanning S4 to S1' and has favorable interactions over seven subsites. The hexapeptide Abz-Glu-Phe-Ser-Arg-Val-Val-Nba was the most specific factor XIa substrate and was not hydrolyzed by factors IXa beta or Xa beta or thrombin. Factor IXa beta failed to hydrolyze any of the synthetic peptides bearing the activation site sequence of factor X. This enzyme slowly cleaved four hexa- and heptapeptide substrates with factor IX activation site sequences extending from P4 or P3 to P3'. Factor Xa beta poorly hydrolyzed all but one of the factor XIa substrates and failed to cleave any of the factor IXa beta substrates. Thrombin failed to hydrolyze any of the peptides examined while trypsin, as expected, was highly reactive and not very specific. Phospholipids had no effect on the reactivity of either factors IXa beta or Xa beta toward synthetic substrates. Both factor IXa beta and Xa beta cleaved the peptide substrates at similar rates to their natural substrates under comparable conditions. However the rates were substantially lower than optimum activation rates observed in the presence of Ca2+, phospholipids, and protein cofactors. In the future, it may be useful to investigate synthetic substrates that can bind to phospholipid vesicles in the same manner as the natural substrates for factors IXa beta and Xa beta. PMID- 6601496 TI - The reactive site of alpha 1-antitrypsin is C-terminal, not N-terminal. AB - alpha 1-Antitrypsin recovered from trypsin-alpha 1-antitrypsin complexes was shown to be a mixture of two peptides which remained associated in 6 M guanidine and in 1% acetic acid, but were separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The larger peptide had an Mr of 47 000 and gave low yields on end-group analysis; the smaller had an Mr of 4000 and was the C-terminal 36 residue fragment of alpha 1-antitrypsin. These results explain the consistent but erroneous finding of a reactive site near the N-terminus of alpha 1-antitrypsin, and confirm that the reactive site is 36 residues from the C-terminus. PMID- 6601497 TI - In vitro properties of mixtures of fibrin seal and antibiotics. AB - The incorporation of gentamycin, neomycin and Polymyxin E into fibrin seal results in prolonged clotting time after mixture with 4 NIH-units of thrombin per ml in vitro. The aminoglycoside antibiotics gentamycin and neomycin also diminished fibrin-alpha-chain crosslinkage and, as a consequence, clot rigidity, as demonstrated with clots containing gentamycin. Clotting time and the rate of alpha-chain crosslinking can be adjusted to normal values by the use of higher thrombin concentrations and incorporation of additional factor XIII into the sealing system. Drug release from the clots was similar for all three antibiotics tested and mainly dependent on the concentration gradient between the clot and its environment. Under the conditions of the present study, about 85% of the antibiotic content of fibrin seal clots were released within 72 h. PMID- 6601498 TI - [Electrotherapy of flaccid paralysis]. PMID- 6601499 TI - Use of AC impedance analysis to study membrane changes related to acid secretion in amphibian gastric mucosa. AB - We have applied transepithelial AC impedance techniques to gastric mucosa to reconcile ultrastructural and electrophysiological findings about gastric acid secretion and the mucosal barrier. By fitting impedance data measured at different HCl secretion rates to equivalent circuit models, we extracted capacitances and resistances (as measures of membrane area and ionic conductance, respectively) for the apical and basolateral membranes. The impedance measurements were found to be incompatible with earlier equivalent circuit models that modeled membrane electrical properties as lumped circuits based on one or two cell types. A distributed circuit model was developed that assumed only one dominant electrical pathway (i.e., one cell type), but that incorporated electrical effects arising from long and narrow membrane-lined structures present in the epithelium (e.g., gastric crypts, tubulovesicles, lateral intercellular spaces). This morphologically based model was found to represent the measured data accurately, and to yield values for membrane capacitances consistent with morphometric measurements of membrane areas. The main physiological conclusions from this analysis were as follows: (a) The dominant transepithelial current pathway may reside in the oxyntic cells. (b) The transepithelial conductance increase associated with the onset of acid secretion is entirely due to increased conductance of the apical membrane. This is in turn due entirely to increased area of this membrane, resulting from incorporation of tubulovesicular membrane. (c) When membrane conductances are normalized to actual membrane area by use of membrane capacitances, it turns out that acid secretion is not associated with a change in specific ionic conductance (change in conductance per unit area) at either the apical or basolateral membrane. (d) The puzzlingly low value of transepithelial resistance ( phenoxy-quinol equilibrium. About 60 per cent of the Gly-Tyr phenoxyls were found to dimerize to the 2,2'-biphenol, and a similarly efficient 2,2'-coupling seems to occur with other tyrosyls, such as Lys-Tyr-Lys and histone. gamma-Radiolysis was applied to estimate relative yields of formation of 2,2'-biphenols under various conditions. Dimerization is almost completely inhibited by cysteine or oxygen, consistent with phenoxyl 'repair' by cysteine or O-.2; disproportionation of O-.2 with SOD prevents repair. The phenol 2,2'-coupling is less efficient for .OH- and inefficient for e-aq-initiation. PMID- 6603439 TI - Incidence of radiation-induced skin tumours in mice and variations with dose rate. AB - Mice were exposed to weakly penetrating beta-particles from an external source, using 12 different surface doses ranging from 5.4 to 260 Gy and given at four different dose rates from 200 to 1.7 cGy/min. As in previous investigations, both epidermal and dermal tumours occurred with the latter predominating. The lowest surface dose to produce a statistically significant increase in skin tumours was 21.7 Gy, no effect being detected with doses of 5.4-16.3 Gy. The dose-response curves rose steeply when obvious increases occurred. Consideration of these findings and the fact that radiation-induced skin tumours can have an exceptionally long latent period leads to the suggestion that there is some relatively radioresistant factor which normally restrains potential radiation induced cancer cells in the skin from becoming tumours until the skin is subjected to high local doses. Tumour-induction was unaffected by reducing the highest dose rate by a factor of 10 and the dose-response curves were almost identical. Further reductions of dose rate, encompassing a further factor of 10, in general resulted in fewer tumours. PMID- 6603440 TI - Natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity among A-bomb survivors residing in the United States. AB - Natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity (NCMC) by lymphocytes from Japanese atomic bomb survivors now living in the United States was measured. Seventy-one individuals were exposed to an estimated '0.00' Gy ('0 rads') (S0 group) and 58 to greater than '0.00 Gy' (S+ group) at the time of the bomb. Of this 58, 51 (88 per cent) received less than 0.50 Gy and 30 (52 per cent) received less than 0.10 Gy. NCMC was measured against 51Cr-labelled K562 target cells. Activity by lymphocytes from S+ group donors was significantly greater than that for the S0 group (p = 0.028 by the stratified Wilcoxon rank-sum test). This difference between the S+ and S0 populations was detected 35 years after exposure to the bomb. It is therefore feasible and important to examine appropriate biologic parameters to elucidate the effects of low doses of radiation in humans. PMID- 6603441 TI - Auditory neural prostheses. PMID- 6603442 TI - Adenovirus fiber protein produces synthesis of interferon in mouse spleen and macrophage cultures. AB - An inhibitor of viral activity appears in BALB/c mice spleen cells and macrophage cultures treated with adenovirus 2 fiber protein. This inhibitor was partially characterized and identified as type I interferon. Macrophage cultures produced higher titers of this interferon than did spleen cells. Thus, a purified viral protein with B-cell mitogenic activity induced synthesis of interferon in murine cells. PMID- 6603443 TI - Acquired immune suppression in chronic brucellosis. PMID- 6603444 TI - Proximal gastric vagotomy without drainage and selective gastric vagotomy with drainage for surgical therapy of duodenal ulcer: a retrospective study. AB - During a 3-year period proximal gastric vagotomy without drainage and selective gastric vagotomy with drainage were performed in 61 patients with duodenal ulcer. Of these, 57 patients were followed for 3-6 years. 77% were symptom-free (Visick I); 8,3% were improved but still have periods of dyspepsia (Visick II) and 14% were failures because of recurrent ulcer (Visick III). There were seven duodenal recurrences in the bulb, and one prepyloric recurrence. There were no operative deaths or major complications. The side effects, like diarrhoea and dumping, after proximal gastric vagotomy and selective vagotomy were mild and rare. The majority of our patients gained their ideal body weight within the first six months from surgery. Blood chemistry did not show any deficiency in haemoglobin secondary to vagotomy, but plasma basal level of gastrin was constantly higher after surgery. It is concluded that 3-6 years after proximal gastric vagotomy and selective gastric vagotomy for duodenal ulcer there was a 14% recurrence rate, but the absence of mortality, severe complications or significant side effects seems to be at least as important as the high recurrence rate. PMID- 6603445 TI - Elective endoscopy in portal hypertension. AB - Eighty-four cases of portal hypertension from cirrhosis assessed by oesophagogastroduodenoscopy before elective surgery are reported. The need for evaluation of both the associated gastrointestinal lesions and the varices in patients with cirrhosis is stressed, to avoid inappropriate medical or surgical treatment. PMID- 6603446 TI - A novel antiarthritic agent, CCA (lobenzarit disodium), and the role of thymus derived lymphocytes in the inhibition of rat adjuvant arthritis. AB - Lobenzarit disodium (CCA) has been reported to have an inhibitory effect on the development of adjuvant arthritis (AA) in rats. Earlier studies have suggested that the therapeutic effect of CCA might be based on its immunoregulatory activity, although the precise mechanisms of action are unclear. In this paper, possible involvement of thymus-derived lymphocytes in the suppression of AA was studied. It was found that CCA failed to inhibit the development of AA in rats whose T lymphocytes were depleted by the injection of rabbit antithymocyte serum (ATS), whereas the same schedule of treatment with CCA significantly suppressed AA developed in control rats which were injected with normal rabbit serum. In addition, adult thymectomy abrogated the antiarthritic effect of CCA. These data suggest the possibility that the therapeutic effect of CCA in AA might be mediated by ATS-sensitive, short-lived, thymus-derived lymphocytes. PMID- 6603447 TI - Enhancement of murine thymocyte cytotoxic T cell responses by thymosin. AB - Incubation of murine thymocytes with thymosin Fraction 5 (F5) results in a twofold enhancement of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte response (CTL). The assay exhibits requirements for optimal concentrations of thymosin (100 micrograms/ml) and optimal responder/stimulator ratios. Enhancement of CTL activity can be demonstrated in several responder/stimulator strain combinations. The data indicate that thymosin F5 acts via the responder thymocyte population rather than the stimulator cells, since comparable effects were obtained using nude spleen stimulator cells devoid of mature T cells. This system provides a useful bioassay for identifying the component peptides of thymosin F5 which promote thymocyte differentiation and/or maturation and for elucidating the mechanisms of action of the biologically active thymosin peptides. PMID- 6603448 TI - A puzzling triad: anorexia nervosa, high sweat electrolytes and indication to partial exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. AB - This report describes a 15-year-old girl with anorexia nervosa whose sweat electrolytes and pancreatic exocrine function were abnormal during a state of malnutrition. Both findings normalized when nutrition improved. The patient did not have any evidence of disorders known to be associated with an abnormal sweat test, including most importantly cystic fibrosis. It is postulated that the elevated sweat electrolytes and the pancreatic insufficiency developed in this patient secondary to malnutrition. The pathophysiological mechanism for both phenomena remains obscure. It is recommended that positive sweat tests in malnourished children should be repeated several times in a corrected nutritional state in order to obviate an erroneous diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. PMID- 6603449 TI - Modulation of SCE frequencies in cell lines derived from human B and T lymphocytes. PMID- 6603450 TI - Local cerebral glucose metabolic response to audiovisual stimulation and deprivation: studies in human subjects with positron CT. AB - Positron computed tomography (CT) and 18-F fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) were used to measure local cerebral glucose metabolism (LCMRGlc) in patients and normal subjects during auditory and visual stimulation and deprivation. Sixty-six studies were performed in 42 individuals. In normal subjects metabolic left-right symmetry was found in states of partial (eyes patched or ears plugged) sensory deprivation. Visual stimuli of increasing complexity produced symmetric increases in LCMRGlc of the primary and associative visual cortices. Patients with lesions of the visual pathway but sparing the visual cortex demonstrated abnormalities in visual cortical LCMRGlc that correlated with clinical symptoms. Auditory stimulation studies in normal subjects demonstrated metabolic evidence of hemispheric specialization. The side (left versus right) and site of maximal metabolic response correlated with the type (verbal versus nonverbal) and content (factual story, chords, tone sequences) of the stimulus as well as the strategy used by the subject to solve the listening task. There was no correlation between the site of metabolic response and side of stimulus presentation. The results of these studies demonstrate that positron CT provides new and previously unattainable information about local human brain physiology in normal and pathological states. The limitations, advantages and future prospects of using these methods to study human brain function are discussed. PMID- 6603451 TI - Positron emission tomographic studies of sensory stimuli, cognitive processes and anxiety. AB - Research in detecting regional changes in brain metabolism related to functional activity is reviewed and supplemented by original results from positron emission tomography (PET) and the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose method (FDG). A formula for calculating the value of local cerebral glucose metabolism (LCMRGlc) is discussed. Results concerning auditory stimulation suggest that metabolic responses are determined by the stimulus content and analysis strategy used by the subject rather than the side of stimulation. Tactile stimulation of the hand and fingers caused asymmetrical increases in LCMRGlc confirming topographic maps of the postcentral gyrus and other functional studies. Data from visually stimulated normal subjects show how the visual hemifields project to the opposite calcarine cortex. Studies of patients with hemianopsia or various field defects demonstrated that metabolic scanning can reveal alterations of cortical function not detectable by CT scan. Data obtained reveal the ability of metabolic mapping to subdivide the occipital cortex into distinct regions. Such measurements may also anticipate the course of visual recovery. Findings of increased overall right-hemispheric metabolism during the performance of verbal and spatial cognitive tasks are consistent with earlier results from right-handed males. Results for the frontal eye fields provide the first experimental evidence that lateralized metabolic activity, produced by cognitive tasks, causes similarly lateralized activity within a motor region. It is further demonstrated that FDG is able to provide information on such states as vigilance and anxiety. PMID- 6603452 TI - Cerebral metabolic consequences of electrical cutaneous stimulation in normal individuals. AB - Local cerebral uptake of deoxyglucose labeled with fluorine (FDG) was measured by positron emission tomography in 21 normal adult controls. Seven subjects received FDG while resting in a dark room and fourteen while receiving unpleasant electrical stimulation of their right forearm in a dark room. All subjects showed greater glucose use in the anterior than in the posterior cerebral cortex. Electrical stimulation of the right forearm was associated with greater left than right glucose use in the region of the postcentral, but not precentral gyrus. The antero-posterior gradient in glucose use was increased at the level of the inferior frontal gyrus by the electrical stimulation. The data are consistent with the hyperfrontal pattern reported for regional cerebral blood flow and suggest that glucose use gradients across large brain areas are sensitive to sensory stimulation. PMID- 6603453 TI - Acute epiglottiditis in the adult: report of two cases. PMID- 6603454 TI - Peripheral vestibular syndrome in the dog: a review of 83 cases. AB - Clinical data and follow-up evaluations of 83 cases of peripheral vestibular syndrome in the dog were reviewed. The absence of physical abnormalities of the tympanic membrane and absence of radiographic changes within the tympanic bulla or petrous temporal bone were the criteria used to make the diagnosis of idiopathic benign vestibular disease. When grouped according to the cause of the syndrome, most of the dogs had been diagnosed as having either otitis media/interna (49%) or idiopathic benign vestibular disease (39%). Clinical evidence suggested that most of the cases of otitis media/interna were secondary to otitis externa. PMID- 6603455 TI - Polypropylene in the human eye. PMID- 6603456 TI - The antagonistic effects of acetate and lactate upon the trichomonacidal activity of metronidazole. AB - Lactate and acetate at 5 mM were found to be antagonistic to the killing action of metronidazole on Trichomonas vaginalis under aerobic but not anaerobic conditions. These compounds had no effect on the growth of the parasite, or the rate of metronidazole reduction by, and the activities of NADH oxidase and NADPH oxidase in, parasite homogenates. The phenomenon reported could be one reason why metronidazole is not always effective in the treatment of trichomoniasis. PMID- 6603457 TI - Light-mediated regulation of phospholipid synthesis in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. AB - The relationship between the culture levels of guanosine-5'-diphosphate-3' diphosphate (ppGpp) and the rates of synthesis and accumulation of cellular phospholipids was examined in cultures of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides that had been subjected to immediate decreases in incident light intensity. After a high to-low light transition of high-light-adapted cells, an immediate inhibition of total cellular phospholipid production occurred coincident with a rapid accumulation of culture ppGpp. The inhibition of phospholipid accumulation occurred at the level of phospholipid synthesis rather than turnover, and both the extent of ppGpp accumulation and the degree of inhibition of phospholipid synthesis were directly dependent upon the magnitude of the light transition. Maximum inhibition (greater than 90%) of the rate of cellular phospholipid synthesis occurred after transitions from 5,350 to 268 1x and lower, including transitions to the dark, with comparable inhibition being exerted upon the rates of synthesis of individual species of phospholipids. Reinitiation of culture phospholipid accumulation in cultures shifted from 5,350 to 1,070 1x and lower occurred 65 to 70 min subsequent to the downshift in light intensity, apparently irrespective of the culture level of ppGpp. PMID- 6603458 TI - Characteristics of major outer membrane proteins of Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Several properties of Haemophilus influenzae outer membrane proteins were analyzed to define related proteins in various isolates. H. influenzae type b 760705 had six major outer membrane proteins with the following characteristics. Protein a (Mr, 47,000) demonstrated heat modifiability in sodium dodecyl sulfate; its apparent molecular weight was 34,000 at temperatures below 60 degrees C. This protein was extracted from cell envelopes by using Triton X-100-10 mM MgCl2; in cell envelope preparations, the protein was degraded by trypsin. Proteins b (Mr, 41,000) and c (Mr, 40,000) were insensitive to trypsin degradation, were not heat modifiable in sodium dodecyl sulfate, and were peptidoglycan associated in 0.5% Triton X-100-0.2% sodium dodecyl sulfate. The amount of protein b was reduced in ultrasonically obtained cell envelopes. Protein d (Mr, 37,000) was heat modifiable in sodium dodecyl sulfate with an Mr of 28,000 at temperatures below 100 degrees C and was degraded by trypsin, leaving a membrane-bound fragment of Mr, 27,000. Both the intact and degraded proteins were immunologically cross reactive with the heat-modifiable OmpA protein of Escherichia coli K-12. Protein d was absent in LiCl-EDTA extracts of cells. Protein e (Mr, 30,000), invariably present in all H. influenzae strains tested, was insensitive to trypsin and absent in LiCl-EDTA extracts of cells. Protein k (Mr, 58,000) was extracted from cell envelopes with 2% Triton X-100-10 mM MgCl2 and, in cell envelopes, appeared to be sensitive to trypsin degradation. Proteins with similar properties to those of proteins a to k were found in 10 other H. influenzae b strains, reference strains with serotype a, c, d, e, and f capsules, and 18 of 20 nonencapsulated strains. Their relative molecular weights, however, varied. PMID- 6603460 TI - Ligand exchange reactions of diol dehydrase-bound cobalamins and the effect of the nucleoside binding. AB - The inactive complex of diol dehydrase with hydroxocobalamin was resolved by treatment with SO2-3, followed by dialysis to remove SO2-3, giving the apoenzyme which was reconstitutable into catalytically active holoenzyme upon addition of adenosylcobalamin ("re-activation"). Spectral evidence showed that the enzyme bound hydroxocobalamin undergoes a Co beta-ligand exchange reaction forming sulfitocobalamin. Sulfitocobalamin was bound to diol dehydrase only loosely, and therefore dissociated from the enzyme. In contrast, neither the enzyme hydroxocobalamin-5'-deoxyadenosine nor the enzyme-hydroxocobalamin-adenosine complex was resolved and thus re-activated by this procedure. It was shown spectroscopically that the hydroxocobalamin in these complexes does not react with SO2-3, or even with CN-, indicating that the OH group in the Co beta position was blocked spatially by these enzyme-bound nucleosides. Neither O2 inactivated holoenzyme nor the holoenzyme inactivated suicidally by glycerol or 1,2-ethanediol during dehydration reaction was also re-activated by the same procedure. The complex of the enzyme with cyanocobalamin or methylcobalamin was not resolvable by the SO2-3 treatment. This was because these cobalamins bound to the enzyme were not subject to a ligand exchange reaction with SO2-3. PMID- 6603461 TI - Effects of high-peak pulsed electromagnetic field on the degeneration and regeneration of the common peroneal nerve in rats. AB - Apart from preliminary notices of present work, previous reports of experimental and clinical trials of the effects of a high-peak pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on degeneration and regeneration of peripheral nerves lacked statistical analysis. Therefore, we designed experiments with standardised operative, histological, cytological and morphometric techniques to assess the effect of PEMF on lesions of the common peroneal nerves in paired male rats matched for age, environmental conditions and level and type of lesion. One of two types of lesion was induced in the left common peroneal nerve: in 12 pairs of rats the nerve was crushed just above the knee and in the remaining 12 pairs the nerve was cut and immediately sutured at the same level. The right common peroneal nerve of each rat served as a control. Animals received 15 minutes of PEMF produced by a Diapulse machine or sham treatment daily for periods ranging from three and a half days to eight weeks after injury. Healthy nerves were unaffected, but after damage there were statistically significant differences between PEMF treated and sham treated rats. PEMF accelerated the recovery of injured limbs and the degeneration, regeneration and maturation of myelinated axons; epineural, perineural and intraneural fibrosis was reduced; and the luminal cross-sectional area of intraneural vessels increased after both types of lesion. Findings are discussed and the need for clinical trials is stressed. PMID- 6603459 TI - Analgesic electrical self-stimulation in narcotic withdrawal. PMID- 6603462 TI - Normal mouse serum contains peptides which induce fibroblasts to grow in soft agar. AB - The untransformed mouse fibroblast cells NIH/3T3, C3H/10T1/2, and rat NRK cells do not grow in soft agar in medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. When fetal calf serum in the growth medium was supplemented with less than 1% of sera from mice or other vertebrates, however, these cells responded, forming large colonies. The morphology of soft agar colonies was a function of the treated cell type. In the presence of 10% serum from C57BL/6 mice, NRK cells grew to smooth surfaced spherical colonies, while NIH/3T3 colonies showed individual round cells on their surface and C3H/10T1/2 cells grew as extended cells forming columns of end to end connected fibroblasts. Mus Musculus Castaneus-Epithelial (MMC- E) cells were not stimulated to grow in soft agar under these conditions. The major fibroblast colony-inducing factor (F-CIF) was partially purified from mouse serum by acid/ethanol-extraction, gel permeation chromatography, and reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography. F-CIF is a polypeptide, which does not compete for binding to epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors, but stimulates normal fibroblasts to form small colonies in semisolid medium and very large colonies in the presence of added EGF (2 ng/ml). In contrast to unfractionated mouse serum, purified F-CIF did not induce C3H/10T1/2 cells to grow in soft agar, suggesting that serum contains additional cell type-specific agar growth-stimulating activities. PMID- 6603463 TI - Computed tomography and positron emission transaxial tomography evaluations of normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. AB - Young normal subjects, old normal subjects, and patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type (SDAT) were studied with both computed tomography (CT) and positron emission transaxial tomography (PETT). Increases in ventricular size with both aging and disease were measured. Regional glucose metabolic rate was not affected by age, but was markedly reduced in SDAT patients. These data indicate that in normal aging, structural brain changes may be more salient than biochemical changes. Although both structural and biochemical changes occur in SDAT, the biochemical changes are more marked. The results suggest that PETT is potentially more useful than CT in the in vivo diagnosis of SDAT. PMID- 6603464 TI - [Meckel's diverticulum. Is it necessary to search for it? Is it necessary to remove it? Apropos of 116 cases]. AB - Of 116 Meckel's diverticula operated upon over a period of 13 years, 35 had provoked severe disorders and 80 p. cent of the cases concerned patients under 30 years of age. Occlusions represented half of the lesions involved, perforations, hemorrhages, and diverticulitis being less frequently involved. Mucosal heterotopia was a relatively frequent finding: 13 p. cent of cases, and was often the origin of hemorrhagic accidents. Asymptomatic diverticula can be potentially pathologic, as 2 carcinoid tumors and 2 cases of gastric heterotopia were discovered during routine examinations, suggesting that prophylactic excision of apparently healthy diverticula should be performed in young subjects. PMID- 6603465 TI - Determination of trimethoprim, sulphamethoxazole and its N4-acetyl metabolite in biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed to determine therapeutic concentrations of trimethoprim, sulphamethoxazole, and its N4-acetyl derivative in biological fluids. The compounds are extracted at pH 6.2 using ethyl acetate--chloroform in a single extraction. The detection limit is 15 ng/ml for trimethoprim, 20 ng/ml for sulphamethoxazole, and 10 ng/ml for its N4 acetyl metabolite. The method is rapid, sensitive, precise, and well suited to clinical pharmacokinetic investigations. PMID- 6603466 TI - The synthesis of vitamin D metabolites by human melanoma cells. AB - Two melanin-producing human melanoma cell lines originally established from fresh surgical specimens were incubated with 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 (25 OHD3). Both cell lines produced material comigrating with 1,25 dihydroxy-vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) and 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25(OH)2D3) in straight and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography systems and displacing the relevant labeled ligands in competitive binding assays. The material designated 1,25(OH)2D3 was found almost entirely within the cells, whereas 24,25(OH)2D3 was evenly distributed between cells and medium. The synthesis of dihydroxylated materials was time dependent and was not observed if the cells were boiled before incubation with 25 OHD3. Preincubation with 1,25(OH)2D3 caused an increase in the synthesis of 24,25(OH)2D3 and a decrease in the synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D3. Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) values were 1.4 X 10(-9) mol/liter 25 OHD3 for the 1-alpha-hydroxylase enzyme and 72 X 10(-9) mol/liter for 24-hydroxylase. These studies constitute further evidence for the extrarenal synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D3. The suppressibility of 1 alpha-hydroxylase by preincubation with 1,25(OH)2D3 suggests a regulatory function for this system in the skin. PMID- 6603467 TI - Comparison of Phadebact coagglutination, Bactogen latex agglutination, and counterimmunoelectrophoresis for detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b antigens in cerebrospinal fluid. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid specimens from patients with suspected meningitis were screened with the Phadebact Haemophilus Test (Pharmacia Diagnostics), with Bactogen (Wampole Laboratories), and by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. With culture-positive fluids, Phadebact coagglutination detected 95%, Bactogen latex agglutination detected 91%, and counterimmunoelectrophoresis detected only 79%. Both agglutination techniques were 25-fold more sensitive than counterimmunoelectrophoresis when tested with dilutions of positive fluids. To obtain specific reactions with the Phadebact reagents it was necessary to heat treat (95 degrees C, 5 min) the fluid; with Bactogen and counterimmunoelectrophoresis this was not necessary. PMID- 6603468 TI - Selective media for recovery of Haemophilus influenzae from specimens contaminated with upper respiratory tract microbial flora. AB - Isolation of Haemophilus influenzae from specimens contaminated with upper respiratory tract microbial flora was attempted with three different media: enriched chocolate agar, chocolate agar plus vancomycin, and chocolate agar plus vancomycin, bacitracin, and clindamycin. Recovery rates of H. influenzae from 852 pediatric pharyngeal swab specimens were 6.0, 28.5, and 59.9%, respectively. PMID- 6603469 TI - Advantages of BACTEC hypertonic culture medium for detection of Haemophilus influenzae bacteremia in children. AB - The hypertonic and aerobic culture media in the BACTEC system were compared for the detection of Haemophilus influenzae bacteremia in children. Of 1,611 blood cultures, 30 were positive for this pathogen. The aerobic and hypertonic media gave positive results in 28 and 29 cultures, respectively. Within the first 12 h, H. influenzae was detected in the hypertonic medium in 48.5% of the positive cultures as compared to 35% for the aerobic medium. Importantly, after the first 12 h, the hypertonic medium yielded positive results sooner than did the aerobic medium, the difference being statistically significant (P less than 0.01). The hypertonic medium yielded positive results earlier than the aerobic medium in nine cultures; the reverse was seen in only one culture. Furthermore, the aerobic medium gave negative growth index readings despite growth, as shown by microscopy and subculture, in 43% of the total cultures in contrast to only 13% for the hypertonic medium, a significant difference (P less than 0.05). Thus, the present study indicates a distinct advantage of hypertonic medium compared with aerobic medium in the automated BACTEC system for earlier detection of H. influenzae bacteremia and is recommended for those age groups in which this pathogen plays a predominant role. PMID- 6603470 TI - The influence of calcium on shortening velocity of skinned frog muscle cells. PMID- 6603471 TI - The role of magnesium adenosine triphosphate in the contractile kinetics of insect fibrillar flight muscle. AB - The changes in tension produced by small step or sinusoidal changes of length have been measured for chemically skinned flight muscle fibres of the giant tropical water bug Lethocerus at MgATP concentrations in the range 0.1-10 mM. In the presence of calcium ion concentrations of about 20 microM, the rates of the rapid mechanical processes observed were found to increase with increasing MgATP, exhibiting saturation with an apparent half-saturation constant lying between 0.1 and 1 mM MgATP, depending upon the conditions used. Under the same conditions, an increase in MgATP concentration was found to lead to a slight decrease in the isometric tension generated by the preparations. The results are discussed with reference to some current crossbridge models of muscle contraction. PMID- 6603472 TI - Evidence that T-lymphocytes are part of the blood-brain barrier to virus dissemination. AB - The dissemination of a neurovirulent strain of influenza A/WSN (HON1) virus from infected lungs to brains of thymus-deficient nude and immunocompetent furred mice inoculated intranasally was compared. Nude mice were more susceptible to lethal disease following intranasal (i.n.) inoculation with A/WSN virus than furred mice based on the number of plaque-forming units (PFU) of virus required to constitute a median lethal dose (LD50). In normal mice, virus was cleared from the lungs of survivors and dissemination of virus from lung to brain was detected only rarely. Nude mice, in contrast, had frequent and early deaths with significant brain virus titers and histologic evidence of encephalitis. Adoptive immunization of recipient nude mice with suspensions of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes secondarily stimulated in vitro 24 h after i.n. challenge, reduced both brain virus titers and mortality in these animals. These data indicated that T-lymphocytes were a significant factor in preventing dissemination of neurotropic virus from lungs to the brains of infected mice. PMID- 6603473 TI - Cellular response to human acetylcholine receptor in patients with myasthenia gravis. AB - A preparation of human skeletal muscle acetylcholine receptor (AchR) was used in vitro as an antigen to stimulate lymphocytes from patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). Clinical data obtained from the patients included duration and severity of disease; history of steroid treatment or prior thymectomy; and the presence of thymoma. Lymphocytes from patients with MG showed a significantly higher response to human AchR antigen than did lymphocytes from control subjects. Previous studies of cellular response to AchR have used receptor prepared from eel or ray electric organs. By stimulating lymphocytes from MG patients with a preparation of human AchR, we have come one step closer to documenting a possible contribution of a cellular immune response to the pathogenesis of MG. PMID- 6603474 TI - Prevention of experimental allergic encephalitis with in vivo administration of anti I-A antibody. Decreased accumulation of radiolabelled lymph node cells in the central nervous system. AB - Experimental allergic encephalitis (EAE) can be prevented with the in vivo administration of monoclonal anti I-A antibody. A radiometric assay was developed to measure the accumulation of lymphocytes in the central nervous system of EAE animals. A direct correlation was observed between severity of clinical disease and the amount of radiolabelled lymph node cells (LNC) in the central nervous system. Injection of anti I-A antibody in vivo prevented clinical EAE and decreased the accumulation of radiolabelled LNC in spinal cord after immunization with mouse spinal cord homogenate and adjuvants. PMID- 6603475 TI - Human plasma epidermal growth factor/beta-urogastrone is associated with blood platelets. AB - Human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) has previously been isolated from urine and probably is identical to human beta-urogastrone (hUG). Immunoreactive hEGF/UG has been found in the plasma of normal subjects. In this study, using immunoaffinity chromatography to extract hEGF/UG from plasma, we found that immunoreactive hEGF/UG in blood was associated with blood platelets. It was present in platelet rich, but not platelet-poor plasma and serum, and was found predominantly in the platelet fraction of whole blood. Sephadex G-50 Fine gel-exclusion chromatography of an extract of outdated blood bank platelets revealed two hEGF/UG components, one of which eluted in the void volume, and the other of which coeluted with purified standard hEGF/UG. The former hEGF/UG component was a high-molecular weight form that was cleaved into hEGF/UG by incubation with either mouse EGF/UG associated arginine esterase or trypsin. It appeared to be identical to the high molecular weight hEGF/UG previously reported in human urine, except for its apparently equal activities in radioimmunoassay and radioreceptor assay. The latter hEGF/UG component was immunologically, biologically, and physiochemically indistinguishable from highly purified hEGF/UG from human urine and was immunologically different from purified human platelet-derived growth factor. Platelet-associated hEGF/UG may account for the mitogenic activity of serum in cell lines in which platelet-derived growth factor is not active. Since hEGF/UG appears to be liberated from platelets during coagulation, platelet-associated EGF/UG may be involved in normal vascular and tissue repair and in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic lesions. The discovery that the EGF/UG in plasma is associated with blood platelets raises important new possibilities for its role in human health and disease. PMID- 6603476 TI - Lymphocyte phenotype and function in pseudolymphoma associated with Sjogren's syndrome. AB - Lymph node (LNL) and salivary gland lymphocytes (SGL) from three patients with pseudolymphoma and primary Sjogren's syndrome (1(0)SS) were characterized with monoclonal antibodies to demonstrate (a) a predominance of T cells (greater than 80%) reactive with anti-T cell antibodies OKT4 (greater than 70%) and OKT8 (less than 20%); (b) a high prevalence of activation antigens (greater than 50% of cells reactive with antibody OKT10 and anti-Ia antibody); (c) polyclonal B cells (8-15% of all cells expressing kappa or lambda); and (d) a specific B cell subset defined by reactivity with antibody B532 that was not present in their peripheral blood. In vitro functional studies showed that both SGL and LNL provided T helper activity for immunoglobulin synthesis and that this activity could be abolished by treatment with antibody OKT4 plus complement. The SGL and LNL exhibited little natural killer, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, or cytotoxic T cell activity. Normal karyotype was observed in SGL, LNL, and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from these patients. These findings indicate that pseudolymphoma in 1(0)SS results from the infiltration of salivary glands and extraglandular tissues by nonneoplastic T helper cells. Monoclonal antibodies provide an important tool to distinguish pseudolymphoma from non-Hodgkins (B cell) lymphomas that have a markedly elevated incidence in 1(0)SS patients. Our finding of T helper cells in pseudolymphoma tissues supports the hypothesis that chronic stimulation of B cells by helper T cells leads to eventual escape of a malignant B cell clone. PMID- 6603477 TI - Adenosine deaminase deficiency with normal immune function. An acidic enzyme mutation. AB - In most instances, marked deficiency of the purine catabolic enzyme adenosine deaminase results in lymphopenia and severe combined immunodeficiency disease. Over a 2-yr period, we studied a white male child with markedly deficient erythrocyte and lymphocyte adenosine deaminase activity and normal immune function. We have documented that (a) adenosine deaminase activity and immunoreactive protein are undetectable in erythrocytes, 0.9% of normal in lymphocytes, 4% in cultured lymphoblasts, and 14% in skin fibroblasts; (b) plasma adenosine and deoxyadenosine levels are undetectable and deoxy ATP levels are only slightly elevated in lymphocytes and in erythrocytes; (c) no defect in deoxyadenosine metabolism is present in the proband's cultured lymphoblasts; (d) lymphoblast adenosine deaminase has normal enzyme kinetics, absolute specific activity, S20,w, pH optimum, and heat stability; and (e) the proband's adenosine deaminase exhibits a normal apparent subunit molecular weight but an abnormal isoelectric pH. In contrast to the three other adenosine deaminase-deficient healthy subjects who have been described, the proband is unique in demonstrating an acidic, heat-stable protein mutation of the enzyme that is associated with less than 1% lymphocyte adenosine deaminase activity. Residual adenosine deaminase activity in tissues other than lymphocytes may suffice to metabolize the otherwise lymphotoxic enzyme substrate(s) and account for the preservation of normal immune function. PMID- 6603478 TI - Elastase and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor activity in tracheal aspirates during respiratory distress syndrome. Role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. AB - Pulmonary effluent samples were obtained from 26 preterm or term infants throughout the period of endotracheal intubation. Infants with respiratory distress syndrome, infants with this disorder developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and intubated infants without lung disease were compared daily in terms of lung effluent cellularity, albumin, elastase activity, alpha 1 proteinase content and activity, and elastase inhibitory capacity. The elastase activity was determined to be neutrophilic in origin. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of pulmonary effluents from two infants with respiratory distress syndrome and exposed to FiO2 greater than or equal to 0.6 up to 6 d revealed cleavage of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor to a 47,000-mol weight fragment suggestive of oxidation. Pulmonary effluent neutrophils, macrophages, and elastase activity were increased by day 3 of life in infants with respiratory distress syndrome eventually developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Elastase inhibitory capacity and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor activity were reduced in infants developing chronic lung disease. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia developed in infants with enhanced inflammatory response, but with less or inhibited antiprotease activity. PMID- 6603480 TI - Cross-sectional study of the effects of immunosuppressive drugs on chronic periodontal disease in man. AB - Oral examinations were performed on 102 patients receiving immunosuppressive drug therapy following renal transplantation. A further 111 control patients matched for age and sex, were also examined. The severity of dental caries of the 2 groups was compared by considering their decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMF T), and the severity of periodontal disease was compared in terms of pocket depths, Plaque, Calculus and Sulcular Bleeding Indices, and Russell's Periodontal Index. When comparing the 2 groups, note was made of restorations involving the gingival margins, the presence of partial dentures and recent and current antibiotic therapy. No significant differences were found between the groups with regard to age, sex distribution, plaque levels, DMF and Russell's Periodontal Index. The immunosuppressed group had significantly less calculus, fewer restorations involving the gingival margins and significantly lower mean pocket depth. However, they did have more gingival recession than the controls and also a higher Sulcus Bleeding Index. All differences seen were maintained even when patients from both groups on antibiotics were eliminated from the analysis. Within the immunosuppressed group no relationship was found between the length of time the drugs were taken and the periodontal variables. The study indicates that patients on immunosuppressive therapy show no change in susceptibility to destructive periodontal disease. PMID- 6603481 TI - The nucleus isthmi as an intertectal relay for the ipsilateral oculotectal projection in the frog, Rana pipiens. PMID- 6603479 TI - Purification and comparison of outer membrane protein P2 from Haemophilus influenzae type b isolates. AB - Haemophilus influenzae type b isolates have been subdivided based on differences in major outer membrane protein (OMP) profiles resolved on gradient and modified Laemmli sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis systems. Although 21 subtypes have been observed, 86% of invasive isolates have one of five common subtypes and 71% of isolates have one of three subtypes. In isolates with two of the most common outer membrane subtypes, one major OMP has an apparent molecular weight of 37,000. In isolates with another common OMP subtype, a cross-reactive protein with an apparent molecular weight of 36,500 is observed. All three proteins have been designated P2. Protein P2 from these prototype isolates was solubilized with Zwittergent 3-14 and purified to homogeneity. Based on amino acid compositions, cyanogen bromide cleavage products, staphylococcal V8 protease, and chymotryptic peptide maps, the P2 protein from the three isolates has been highly conserved. Rabbit antibody prepared against P2 from one strain was cross-reactive with P2 isolated from the other two heterologous strains by Western blot. This antibody passively protected infant rats against type b Haemophilus infection caused by the homologous organism, but not against challenge by a strain with the heterologous 36,500 mol wt P2 protein. Thus, although the P2 protein from isolates with different OMP subtypes are closely related, the protection experiments suggest that determinants on the cell surface interacting with protective antibody may be strain or subtype specific. PMID- 6603482 TI - Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. PMID- 6603483 TI - [The effect of finely dispersed powders and metal salts on the electrical activity of the frog retina]. PMID- 6603484 TI - Prevalence of dental caries and dental fluorosis in areas with optimal and above optimal water fluoride concentrations. AB - The prevalence of dental caries and dental fluorosis was assessed among 807 schoolchildren in four areas of Illinois where the respective water supplies contained natural fluoride at concentrations of 1, 2, 3, and 4 times the recommended optimal for the geographic area. Mean caries scores in all three above-optimal fluoride areas were significantly lower than in the optimal area. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was characteristically low in the optimal fluoride area. Substantial increases in fluorosis occurred in the above-optimal fluoride areas, with the condition being most pronounced in the 4-times optimal area. PMID- 6603485 TI - Trapping of large numbers of larvae in the livers of Toxocara canis-reinfected mice. AB - Congenitally athymic nude mice (BALB/c-nu/nu) and BALB/c-nu/+ were infected with 500 embryonated Toxocara canis eggs. Six weeks later they were reinfected with the same number of eggs. The liver and other organs were examined for numbers of 2nd-stage larvae at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after reinfection. Far more larvae were trapped in the liver after reinfection than after the primary infection but fewer were found in the livers of BALB/c-nu/nu than in BALB/c-nu/+ mice. PMID- 6603486 TI - Improved fusion technique. I. Human umbilical cord serum, a new and potent growth promoter, compared with other B cell and hybridoma activators. AB - Accelerated proliferation of hybridoma cells was observed in the presence of human umbilical cord serum (HUCS). This had very strong growth-promoting activity, even at a concentration of 2%. A comparison was made between HUCS and other B cell growth promoters, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and dextran sulfate (DxS), macrophage supernatant, and human endothelial culture supernatant (HECS). The growth-promoting effect of HUCS was superior. Using a microcytotoxicity assay, we found no significant differences in the number of antibody producing clones with the various culture media, except for fetal calf serum. PMID- 6603488 TI - Natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. AB - Natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity was studied in 24 patients with cutaneous T cell lymphomas and in 18 age- and sex-matched controls studied concomitantly. Percent cytotoxicity was determined by 4-h 51Cr release assay using K562 targets at effector to target ratios of 100:1, 50:1, and 25:1. Mean percent cytotoxicity was significantly lower in patients than in controls at an effector to target cell ration of 100:1. Likewise, decreased cytotoxicity was found at effector to target ratios of 50:1 and 25:1, although this difference was not significant. When natural killer activity was analyzed separately for males and females, cytotoxicity was lower in both, although the decrease was significant only for male patients. Impairment of natural killer activity did not correlate with blood zinc levels, but appeared to correlate with stage of disease. PMID- 6603487 TI - Studies of congenitally immunologically mutant New Zealand mice. VIII. Cell surface phenotype of spleen cells of Xid and nude mice. AB - Surface immunoglobulin on spleen cells from NZB and NZB/W mice and congenic mice bearing the nude or X-linked immune defective (Xid) gene was examined by flow microfluorometry with regard to both the frequency of positive cells and density expressed on the cell. These data indicate that although the frequency of unseparated sIg+ B lymphocytes is equivalent among all of these groups of mice, the densities of sIgM and sIgD are different. Spleen cells from these mice were also separated by free-flow electrophoresis and analyzed in a similar manner. This analysis demonstrated the absence of a subpopulation of B lymphocytes with a low electrophoretic mobility and low expression of sIgM. These studies suggest that maturational and/or activation states of the B cells in mice bearing the Xid or nude genes are different from those seen in the parent strains of mice. Such alterations in cell-surface antigens correlate with the differences in the natural history of immunopathology of the autoimmune disease in these congenic colonies of New Zealand mice. PMID- 6603489 TI - [Results of AC bypass for coronary spasm superimposed on atherosclerotic stenosis]. PMID- 6603490 TI - An aspect of metabolic bone disease with idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head. AB - In spite of vast varieties of investigations on osteonecrosis, there is no report concerning the serum vitamin D metabolite concentrations and quantitative assessment of histological parameters of undecalcified section of bone. In this study, we examined the relations between biochemical and histological parameters in four patients with idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral heads. Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 concentrations showed lower value within normal range. However, 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 24, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 concentrations were far below the normal value in all patients. Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone concentrations were within normal range. Histomorphometric parameters of iliac crest biopsy specimens were as follows. Relative osteoid volume, osteoid surface, and resorption surface were increased in all patients. Calcification front was decreased in all patients. Mean osteoid seam width was increased in two patients. These results suggest that microfractures created in such fragile trabeculae of femoral heads in our patients with deficiency of active vitamin D metabolites, will not be repaired well. PMID- 6603491 TI - Hearing loss in sarcoidosis. PMID- 6603492 TI - Characterization of multiple [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine binding sites in rat spinal cord tissue. PMID- 6603493 TI - Characteristic constituents of glycolipids from frog brain and sciatic nerve. AB - Cerebroside, sulfatide, monoglycosyl glyceride, and ester cerebroside were isolated from frog brain and sciatic nerve, and their distribution and chemical constituents were determined. The long-chain base compositions of cerebroside, sulfatide, and ester cerebroside were unique in the presence of branched-base components (5-15% of the total bases) and in the abundance of saturated dihydroxy base components (15-45% of the total). The amount of branched long-chain bases was greater in sciatic nerve than in brain. The hexose composition of the glycolipids consisted entirely of galactose except for brain cerebroside, in which a small amount of glucose was detected. Monogalactosyl glyceride consisted of the diacyl and alkylacyl forms, in a molar ratio of 81:19 for brain and 62:38 for sciatic nerve. The fatty acid composition of glycosphingolipids was characterized by the predominance of hydroxy and nonhydroxy 24:1 acids, and the concentration of 24:0 was extremely low. The proportion of unsaturated fatty acids accounted for 80% of the total. Major fatty acids of monogalactosyl glyceride were palmitic, oleic, stearic, and palmitoleic acids; the highest concentration was that of palmitic acid. Ester cerebroside was separated into three subfractions mainly on the basis of the proportion of hydroxy and nonhydroxy components in the amide-linked fatty acids. PMID- 6603494 TI - Polypeptides in frog and rat: evolutionary changes in rapidly transported and abundant nerve proteins. PMID- 6603495 TI - An interictal study of partial epilepsy using positron emission tomography and the oxygen - 15 inhalation technique. AB - Data from ten patients with complex partial seizures who underwent positron emission tomography using the 15-0 inhalation technique are presented. Decreased flow and metabolism are noted in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the EEG focus, but, in patients with unilateral foci, bilateral changes in temporal cortex are detected. Other areas maximally affected include the basal ganglia, and the cerebellum. The possible role of anticonvulsant drugs in these findings is discussed. PMID- 6603496 TI - Spinal cord stimulation in peripheral vascular disease. AB - The results of ten patients with severe, intractable symptoms of arterial disease receiving spinal cord stimulation are reported. Six out of ten patients showed clinical improvement. Three of five patients with severe rest pain obtained complete or very marked relief and one of two patients with moderate rest pain in the legs obtained complete relief. The mean claudication distance in the ten patients increased from 65 to 212 metres during epidural stimulation of the spinal cord. Exercise tolerance as measured on a bicycle ergometer increased by 61%. These changes were associated with small increases in cutaneous and muscle blood flow. In those patients who responded clinically, the improvements seen were maintained as long as spinal cord stimulation was continued. There was no clinical response to transcutaneous (placebo) stimulation and four patients did not respond in any way to spinal cord stimulation. The improvements seen are unlikely to be due to either the natural history of the disease or to a placebo effect. The effect is probably due to antidromic stimulation of the central processes of the first order sensory neurons. It is suggested on the basis of animal studies that this effect may be mediated by release of prostaglandins as well as indirectly via pain relief. PMID- 6603497 TI - The differential diagnosis of cerebello-pontine angle lesions. A multidisciplinary approach with special emphasis on the brainstem auditory evoked potential. AB - 92 patients thought to have a cerebello-pontine angle tumour on initial presentation were studied prospectively using standard neuro-otological techniques, brainstem evoked potential recording with a variety of montages, middle latency auditory evoked potentials and CT scanning. 64 patients had a tumour, 40 of which were acoustic neuromas. By analysing the data from all disciplines it has been possible to delineate clusters of variables that are of value in the differential diagnosis of cerebello-pontine angle lesions. PMID- 6603499 TI - Comparative value of neuroradiological examinations in the preoperative stage of posterior fossa tumors. PMID- 6603498 TI - Reorganization of connectivity in amphibian central auditory system following VIIIth nerve regeneration: time course. AB - In the frog, most neurons in the primary (dorsal medullary nucleus, DMN) and secondary (superior olivary nucleus, SO) auditory nuclei have V-shaped tuning curves, almost as narrowly tuned as those recorded in the nerve. Thus, the innervation pattern is such that if more than one excitatory afferent innervates a postsynaptic cell, they must all possess similar best frequencies (BFs). Similarly, binaural cells in these nuclei display matched frequency selectivities when acoustically stimulated via either ear. The VIIIth nerve was unilaterally severed and allowed to regenerate back into the DMN. At various postoperative intervals, extracellular single-unit recordings were made in the SO contralateral to the regenerated nerve, as that nucleus receives its dominant excitatory input (approximately 80%) from the contralateral side. Recordings were also made in the SO of a number of unoperated control animals. Functional reinnervation commenced between 4 and 5 wk postoperatively and by 6 wk, a normal innervation density, as judged by physiological criteria, was achieved. Single units of any best frequency represented within the frog's two auditory papillae could be recorded during earliest reinnervation. In general, the tuning curves of both monaural and binaural cells were V shaped in the 6 wk regenerates. Although many tuning curves were narrowly tuned (Q10dB greater than 1.0) as in unoperated animals, some were very broadly tuned (Q10dB less than 0.5). The mean Q10dB value for all contralaterally excited cells was 1.45 +/- 0.77 (SD), which was significantly lower than that of SO units in unoperated frogs (Q10dB = 1.66 +/- 0.52 (SD)). Binaural cells often had mismatched BFs and tuning curves. By 8 wk after nerve transection, tuning curves were as narrow as in unoperated animals (Q10dB = 1.64 +/- 0.68 (SD)), and the BFs of binaural cells evinced a greater match than at 6 wk. By 12 wk postoperatively, V-shaped tuning curves were still as narrow as in controls (Q10dB = 1.71 +/- 0.69 (SD)), and the tuning curves and BFs of binaural cells were well matched again. At all postoperative intervals, about 10% of the tuning curves in the SO of regenerates were W shaped. This was never seen in normal animals. The return of narrow V-shaped tuning curves in the majority of neurons and the recurrence of matched binaural cells in the SO are interpreted as evidence of specificity for potential postsynaptic targets in the DMN by regenerating auditory afferents. PMID- 6603500 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow in cerebrovascular disease by SPECT (single photon emission computerized tomography). PMID- 6603501 TI - Management of neuroradiological investigations in relation to the clinical signs. PMID- 6603502 TI - Clinical utility of a two-site immunoradiometric assay for creatine kinase-MB in the detection of perioperative myocardial infarction. AB - In 144 patients, creatine kinase MB was measured serially at 0, 8, 16, 24, 48, and 72 hr using a two-site immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). Cardiac enzymes were also measured, including SGOT, LDH, total CPK, and CK-MB by electrophoresis. The presence of perioperative myocardial infarction (poMI) was established in 24 patients by the appearance of new electrocardiographic Q waves and/or new wall motion abnormalities detected by radionuclide ventriculography. In patients without poMI, CK-MB (IRMA) was elevated (6.4 +/- 4.9 equivalent units per liter) at 0-8 hr but decreased to 3.4 +/- 1.3 EU/l by 16 hr. In patients with poMI, peak values occurred at 16-24 hr (21.0 +/- 19.8 EU/l). Using a threshold value of 8.5 EU/l, patients with poMI could be distinguished from those without with 97% accuracy (sensitivity = 88%, specificity = 99%). The CK-MB (IRMA) was more reliable than the other enzyme assays, for which we used both empirically elevated threshold values based upon previous experience, and also threshold values retrospectively optimized for the study population. We conclude that the CK-MB (IRMA) can serve as a valuable postoperative screening test for poMI. PMID- 6603503 TI - Re: single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for assessment of hepatic lesions: its role in the diagnostic work-up. PMID- 6603504 TI - Siblings of patients with Haemophilus meningitis have impaired anticapsular antibody responses to Haemophilus vaccine. AB - Siblings of patients with type b Haemophilus influenzae meningitis are at increased risk of developing Haemophilus disease. We immunized 26 healthy siblings and 25 control subjects using a vaccine containing the type b polysaccharide capsule (10 micrograms PRP) and pertussis vaccine (4 opacity units) (Lederle Laboratories) to determine whether siblings of patients with Haemophilus meningitis had an impaired antibody response to PRP. Using two intramuscular injections one month apart, we found that the siblings had a lower response to PRP. One month after the second injection, 12 of 24 of the siblings had serum concentrations of anticapsular (PRP) antibody thought to be sufficient to confer protection against Haemophilus disease (greater than or equal to 300 ng/ml), compared with 19 of 24 of the control children tested (50% vs 79%, P = 0.035 by chi-square analysis). In comparison with the normal controls, the siblings produced significantly less IgG anti-PRP antibody but similar amounts of IgM. The impaired responsiveness to PRP was most evident among the 16 children born after their sibling had meningitis and who were not known to have been exposed to type b Haemophilus infection previously. These data indicate that siblings of some patients with type b Haemophilus meningitis have reduced ability to form IgG anti-PRP antibody, which may be associated with increased susceptibility to Haemophilus disease. PMID- 6603505 TI - Hepatic sinusoidal dilation in the course of histiocytosis X. AB - We present a case of disseminated histiocytosis X with hepatic involvement characterized by sinusoidal dilation. This histological feature regressed in connection with the clinical remission of the disease. The present report suggests that sinusoidal dilation might represent a feature of hepatic involvement in the course of histiocytosis X. PMID- 6603506 TI - Complications of rectal suction biopsy. AB - Complications following use of the rectal suction biopsy technique in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease, are rare. In a series of 1,340 consecutive biopsies, complications included three clinical perforations of the bowel, one resulting in death, and three rectal hemorrhages requiring transfusion. A plea is made for the use of greater care in this technique. PMID- 6603507 TI - Persistence of extra-junctional sensitivity to acetylcholine after reinnervation by a foreign nerve in frog skeletal muscle. AB - Extra-junctional sensitivity to acetylcholine (ACh) was determined in fibres of the cutaneous pectoris (c.p.) muscle of adult Rana pipiens after denervation and subsequent reinnervation by either the original nerve or an implanted hypoglossal nerve. The mean sensitivity of denervated fibres was 89.1 (S.E. +/- 36) mV/nC which fell to 0.36 (S.E. +/- 0.21) mV/nC after reinnervation by the original nerve. In contrast the mean sensitivity of fibres after innervation by the implanted hypoglossal nerve was 21.4 (S.E. +/- 2.5) mV/nC. Stimulation of the implanted hypoglossal nerve in vitro evoked action potentials in many of the fibres in c.p. There was no apparent difference in extra-junctional sensitivity to ACh between those fibres in which hypoglossal stimulation evoked action potentials and those in which it did not. Recordings of electromyogram activity indicated that the implanted hypoglossal nerve evoked activity in the c.p. muscle in the intact animal. The significance of these results in relation to current theories of the ways in which nerves control muscle sensitivity to ACh is discussed. PMID- 6603509 TI - Perception of colour in unilateral tritanopia. AB - The unilateral tritanope described in the previous paper (Alpern, Kitahara & Krantz, 1983) was able to match every narrow-band light presented to his tritanopic eye with lights from a tristimulus colorimeter viewed in the adjacent field by the normal eye. In two regions of the spectrum (called isochromes) physically identical lights appeared identical to the observer's two eyes. One isochrome was close to 'blue' for the normal eye, the other was in the long-wave spectral region seen by the normal eye predominantly as 'red'. Between these isochromes the normal eye required less than spectral purity to match, dropping to near zero purity at 560-570 nm. A mixture of the two isochromes that appeared purple to the normal eye appeared neutral to the tritanopic eye. Hence dichoptic matches grossly violate Grassmann's additivity law. For the normal eye colour naming conformed to typical normal results. For the tritanopic eye the results were coherent with those found by dichoptic matching: the spectrum was divided into two regions by the achromatic neutral band. To the short-wave side, only the colour names 'blue' and 'white' were ever used. To the long-wave side the predominant colour names were 'red' and 'white' with some 'yellow'. Spectral lights appeared neither 'red-blue' nor greenish. Surrounding the test with an annulus either 430 nm, 650 nm, or a mixture of these, fails to induce any greenish appearance, although the achromatic band shifted in the expected directions. It is concluded that there must be exactly three functionally independent, essentially non-linear central codes for colour perception, and that these codes are different from those suggested in existing theories of colour perception. PMID- 6603508 TI - Classical tritanopia. AB - 1. A subject who has suffered from central serous chorio-retinopathy in his left eye noticed differences in the colour of a given light as perceived by each eye alone. Standard screening tests (colour order and colour matching) indicated a tritan defect in the left eye; the right eye was normal on these tests.2. The subject was dichromatic in his left eye, trichromatic in his right. The left-eye distimulus colour-matching functions, spectral luminosity, and wave-length discrimination functions were indistinguishable from corresponding data for congenital tritanopia. Comparable right-eye data were normal.3. Spectral dichromatic colour matches were invariant under changes of intensity and under addition of a common light to both halves of the field. (Grassmann's laws of linearity are satisfied.)4. Increment threshold versus intensity (t.v.i.) curves for a blue (481.9 nm) test on a yellow background yielded the normal three branches (for Pi(4)(mu), Pi(1)(mu) and Pi(3)(mu) respectively) in the trichromatic eye. In the dichromatic eye a single mechanism was found. It had the field sensitivity of Pi(4)(mu) whether measured with the blue, or with a violet (429.5 nm) test. No trace of Pi(3)(mu) or Pi(1)(mu) was ever discovered in the tritanopic eye. Both are normal in the trichromatic eye.5. The field sensitivities of Pi(4), Pi(5) and Pi(3) of the normal eye are well fitted by linear combinations of the spectral colour-matching functions of the trichromatic eye. Pi(4) and Pi(5) of the dichromatic eye are well fitted by linear combinations of the tritanopic matching functions.6. Colour matches made by the trichromatic eye do not match when viewed by the tritanopic eye, almost certainly because the ocular media of the two eyes have wave-length-dependent differences in absorption. For the largest difference (430 nm) the trichromatic eye transmits about 2.2 times more light than its fellow. When allowance is made for these differences, the field sensitivities of Pi(4) and Pi(5) of the two eyes do not differ. The field sensitivities of Pi(4) and Pi(5) of the normal eye, on the other hand, differ significantly from those of the average spectra obtained on four normal trichromats by Stiles, in a way that cannot be attributed to differences in transmittance of ocular media.7. It is concluded that classical (or acquired) tritanopia is not distinguishable in its manifestations from congenital tritanopia; furthermore, tritanopia can be regarded as a reduced form of normal trichromacy, once allowances are made for absorption of the ocular media and for variations among normal trichromats.8. Despite extensive search no evidence could be uncovered which might exclude the hypothesis that the colour vision in tritanopia depends exclusively upon absorption in only two foveal cone pigments, one long-wave-absorbing and one medium-wave-absorbing. PMID- 6603510 TI - Two-component desensitization at the neuromuscular junction of the frog. AB - Desensitization to ionophoretically applied ACh has been studied at voltage clamped neuromuscular junctions of Rana pipiens. The time courses of both the onset of and recovery from desensitization displayed two components. The application of metabolic inhibitors to the preparation decreased the degree of recovery and also decreased both time constants of onset. The effect on onset was more pronounced on the slow component while no effect selective for either of the two components of recovery was seen. Intracellular injection of EGTA into the muscle cell increased both time constants of desensitization onset. The effect was much more pronounced on the slow component. Increasing the dose of ACh selectively decreased the fast time constant of desensitization onset. The effect was more selective in low-calcium than normal Ringer solution. These observations suggest that there are at least two independent mechanisms in the process of desensitization at the neuromuscular junction. These mechanisms differ in time course, degree of dependency on [Ca]i, and sensitivity to acetylcholine dose. PMID- 6603511 TI - Kinetic analysis of atropine-induced alterations in bullfrog ganglionic fast synaptic currents. AB - The concentration- and voltage-dependent effects of atropine on the fast excitatory post-synaptic current (e.p.s.c.) of bullfrog sympathetic ganglion cells have been analysed and fitted to a kinetic scheme of open-channel blockade. Atropine (1-75 microM) reduced the peak e.p.s.c. amplitude without altering the quantal content or the reversal potential. The e.p.s.c. decay was complex in the presence of atropine, being well fitted by two exponential components. With increasing concentrations of atropine the time constant of the fast component, tau 2, decreased and the time constant of the slow component, tau 1, increased. Over the voltage range -30 to -100 mV tau 2 exhibited little or no voltage dependence and tau 1 increased with hyperpolarization. The amount of charge moved during the e.p.s.c. was reduced as a function of atropine concentration. Driving functions, which represented the rate of channel opening, were derived from e.p.s.c.s both from control and atropine-treated cells. The characteristics of the driving functions did not vary with membrane voltage, but the driving functions were shorter in duration from atropine-treated than control cells. The area under the driving function decreased as a function of atropine concentration. The decay time constants and the amplitude ratio of the exponential components were used to calculate the closing, blocking, and unblocking rate constants, alpha, G, and F. alpha and F remained constant with increasing atropine concentration, but G declined significantly. The voltage dependence of the equilibrium constant, G/F, implied that the transient blocking site for atropine is halfway through the ionic channel. The sequential model does not predict the concentration-dependent decrease in the blocking rate, G, or in the charge moved during an e.p.s.c. We conclude that atropine has an action more complex than simple channel blockade in sympathetic ganglion cells. PMID- 6603512 TI - Pharmacological studies of charge movement in frog skeletal muscle. AB - Charge movements in frog twitch fibres were studied using the three microelectrode voltage-clamp technique. In a solution made moderately hypertonic with 350 mM-sucrose, fibre contraction was effectively blocked and a secondary hump appeared in the decay phase of the 'on' part of charge movement. At small depolarizations, the hump (Q gamma) is small and slow. As depolarization is increased, Q gamma becomes larger in magnitude and faster in kinetics until it merges with the main part of charge movement (Q beta). As the fibre is perfused extracellularly with a test solution saturated with dantrolene sodium, Q gamma disappears in about 30 min whereas the kinetics of Q beta are slowed down. After equilibration in the dantrolene sodium solution, the total moveable charge is reduced by about 20%, which could very well be the charge carried by Q gamma. Tetracaine also suppresses Q gamma but does not seem to have any effect on the kinetics of Q beta. The suppression of Q gamma appears to be dose-dependent, with complete abolition occurring at about 4 mM-tetracaine. Dissection of charge movement with tetracaine indicates that Q gamma might be bell-shaped and capacitive in nature. Q beta and Q gamma might be two distinct species of charge and Q gamma would probably be more closely associated with calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 6603513 TI - Differential properties of two charge components in frog skeletal muscle. AB - Charge movement in frog twitch muscle fibres bathed in a moderately hypertonic solution (containing 350 mM-sucrose) showed a main component (Q beta) and a secondary hump (Q gamma). Assuming that Q beta decays with a single exponential and Q gamma follows the time course of a symmetrical bell, a mathematical model was developed to separate Q gamma from Q beta. The activation curves of Q beta and Q gamma can be individually fitted by the two-state model of Schneider & Chandler (1973). The voltage distribution of Q gamma is approximately twice as steep as that of Q beta and the maximum moveable amount of Q beta about four times that of Q gamma. The decay rate constant of Q beta, expressed as a function of potential, follows the familiar U-shaped curve whereas the reciprocal of the time-to-peak of Q gamma rises linearly with increasing potentials. Application of the mathematical dissection technique to Qon values in solutions of varying concentrations of tetracaine yielded the dose dependence of the suppression of Q gamma by tetracaine. Q gamma inactivates more steeply than Q beta as the holding potential is made less negative. Each of the steady-state inactivation curves of Q beta and Q gamma forms a mirror image with the respective activation curve. It is speculated that Q gamma might be more directly involved than Q beta in triggering calcium release and activating contraction. PMID- 6603515 TI - Reduction in rat thymocyte interphase death by calcium depletion. PMID- 6603514 TI - The calcium dependence of spontaneous and evoked quantal release at the frog neuromuscular junction. AB - 1. The quantal output from stimulated nerve terminals in the frog sciatic nerve sartorius muscle preparation in low-Ca(2+) Ringer solution was measured by the coefficient of variation and the failures methods. Adding sucrose to the Ringer to increase the tonicity or adding ethanol increased miniature end-plate potential (m.e.p.p.) frequency and also the end-plate potential (e.p.p.) amplitude. Earlier reports suggested that increases in tonicity did not increase evoked quantal release.2. Concanavalin A has been reported to block the increase in m.e.p.p. frequency caused by increasing the tonicity of the Ringer (Gorio & Mauro, 1979). This effect was confirmed. The lectin-treated preparations also failed to show an increase in evoked quantal release when the tonicity was increased.3. A model in which both spontaneous and evoked quantal releases depend on some power of the intracellular [Ca(2+)] is presented. The model predicts that rises in m.e.p.p. frequency will be accompanied by increased quantal output from stimulated nerve terminals. The maximum slope of the relationship between log (evoked quantal output) and log ([Ca(2+)](out)) will be less than the true power. A theoretical analysis shows that, as the true power approaches infinity, the maximum slope will be slightly above 4. The value for the slope usually found experimentally at the frog neuromuscular junction is also about 4.4. The model does not fit the experimental data. The observed increases in evoked quantal release are higher than those predicted for the observed increases in spontaneous release. There are several possible explanations for the discrepancy. Treatments that increase m.e.p.p. frequency may also increase Ca(2+) influx into the stimulated terminal. However, we prefer the explanation that there is a fraction of spontaneous release that is independent of the [Ca(2+)] in the terminal; if this is true the model might account for the data.5. The model can account for a variety of puzzling experimental observations, including: (a) the effect of hypertonic solutions and of diamine in decreasing the slope in the relation between log (evoked quantal output) and log ([Ca(2+)](out)); (b) the slope of near 1 observed at the crustacean neuromuscular junction; (c) the decrease in the slope produced by treatment with botulinum toxin. PMID- 6603516 TI - The effect of radiation on T cell modulation of Ig synthesis by human B cells in vitro. AB - PWM-induced in vitro Ig synthesis was measured in cell cultures containing B lymphocytes from healthy controls and T lymphocytes collected from breast cancer patients before and after radiotherapy, respectively. The amounts of IgG and IgM did not differ between these two types of cultures. Lymphoid cell suspensions containing 3-5% monocytes were irradiated with 13 Gy and co-cultured with non irradiated B lymphocytes. The PWM induced production of IgG and IgM in these cultures was decreased as compared to non-irradiated controls. PMID- 6603517 TI - Transient hypogammaglobulinemia in the adult. Functional assessment of T and B lymphocytes. AB - The woman described suffered from a pruritic erythematous rash, edema, malaise and fever which appeared during Tegretol therapy. The patient was shown to have a severe hypogammaglobulinemia with absence of circulating B lymphocytes, but normal cell-mediated immunity. There was an absence of in vitro immunoglobulin production by the patient's cells, but this was not due to excessive T-suppressor activity or lack of T-cell help. When drug administration was stopped the edema and rash began to recede promptly, and a few months later her serum immunoglobulin levels, antibody titers and in vitro immunoglobulin production became normal. This transient, probably drug-dependent case of hypogammaglobulinemia, added to three previously reported cases, stresses the need of considering non-conventional immunosuppressive drugs as a potential etiological agent in acquired hypogammaglobulinemia. PMID- 6603518 TI - Familial autoimmunity: twenty years later. AB - This report details a follow-up clinical and serological study of a patient with autoimmune hemolytic anemia and his family with multiple autoimmune related phenomena, originally reported in 1964. Clinical features thought to be related to the demonstration of various organ specific autoantibodies in the patient and in family members include hemolytic anemia, thyrotoxicosis, myocarditis, ulcerative colitis, polyarteritis nodosa and renal disease. The proband in this study demonstrates an abnormality of cellular immune function with a generalized decrease in T cell rosette formation and a large decrease in a subpopulation of T cells which may include suppressor T lymphocytes; this finding is consistent with the theory that autoimmune disease arises as an abnormality in the regulation of autoantibody production by B lymphocytes due to a decrease in suppressor T cell function. The results of our follow-up study of this patient and his family with diseases of immunological aberration strongly support the need for close monitoring of such patients and their family members, since early serological evidence of organ specific autoantibodies may be an initial signal of later target organ damage. PMID- 6603519 TI - Studies of the kallikrein-kinin system in patients with sickle cell anemia. AB - Eight patients with sickle cell anemia (SS hemoglobin) were found to have decreased plasma levels of prekallikrein compared to normal control subjects or patients with other types of anemia. The prekallikrein levels in the patients with sickle cell anemia were found to decrease further during a sickle cell crisis. These results suggest that components of the kallikrein-kinin system are profoundly affected in patients with sickle cell anemia, and during crises may play a role in the clinical presentation of patients. PMID- 6603520 TI - Cerebellopontine angle lesions: an audiological test protocol. AB - Audiological test protocols were devised for use in patients suspected of having a cerebellopontine angle tumor. Data supporting the logic for inclusion of each test are presented. Protocol design was based on test results obtained in 45 tumor and 554 non-tumor patients. In summary, we found: 1) speech-in-noise results were of some value in those patients with normal hearing and of no value in those patients with hearing loss, 2) the acoustic reflex test gave misleading information in 25% of patients, and 3) the ABR test proved to be the most effective test in separating tumor and non-tumor patients. All individuals having cerebellopontine angle tumors and 11% of those without such lesions had abnormal ABR results in this series. PMID- 6603521 TI - Coronary artery bypass surgery. Physical, psychological, social, and economic outcomes six months later. AB - To evaluate the benefits of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, we interviewed and tested 318 patients (268 men and 50 women) younger than age 70 before and six months after elective CABG at four university medical centers. Biomedical, psychoneurological, physical function, role function, occupational, social, family, sexual, emotional, and attitudinal variables were assessed. Quantitative comparisons showed improvement on many factors. Angina was completely relieved for 69% to 85% of persons, depending on whether it had been induced by exertion or other events. Disability days were reduced more than 80%. Seventy-five percent of employed persons had returned to work. Anxiety, depression, fatigue, and sleep problems declined. Vigor and well-being scores rose significantly. When losses were expected (eg, psychoneurological function, marital adjustment), they generally were not found. For none of the more than 60 outcome variables was widespread serious worsening found. The findings suggest that the great majority of patients are able to resume normal economic and social functioning within six months after CABG. PMID- 6603522 TI - AIDS investigators identify second retrovirus. PMID- 6603523 TI - Interleukin 2 trial will try to spark flagging immunity of AIDS patients. PMID- 6603525 TI - Symposium on adult T-cell leukemia-related diseases. January 21, 1983, National Cancer Center, Tokyo. PMID- 6603524 TI - [Autopsy case of pancreatic carcinoma associated with B-cell derived lymphoma]. AB - An autopsy case a 75-year-old man, with papillary adenocarcinoma of the pancreas associated with wide-spread metastasis from a malignant lymphoma is reported. We discuss the markedly lower incidence of pancreatic cancer in syncronal association with lymphoma. We applied an immunoperoxidase method (PAP) in the diffuse large-cell lymphoma to determine the immunological phenotype and found mu heavy chains and lambda light chains in the lymphoma cells. This suggests that the tumor cells were derived from B-lymphocytes. PMID- 6603526 TI - Atypical adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma: diverse clinical manifestations of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma. AB - The diverse clinical manifestations of 10 cases of so-called adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL)-related T-cell malignancies are described. These cases were anti-ATLA [antibody to ATL virus (ATLV)-associated antigen (ATLA)] positive, and tumor cells had the inducer/helper T-cell phenotype and expressed ATLA when cultured, indicating that these diseases are the same as typical ATL, even though their clinical diagnoses were different from ATL. Accordingly, they are called atypical ATL. Clinically, they could be divided into two subtypes, smoldering type and lymphoma type. In the smoldering type, the disease usually started with skin lesions and rarely with lung lesions. After a prodromal stage of several years, the disease progressed insidiously to the leukemic stage without additional manifestations. The flower cells characteristic of typical ATL were observed in only a small percentage of peripheral lymphoid cells. In two of the five patients the disease progressed to typical ATL after several years from onset. All five patients are alive with a long survival time, more than 6 yr in four, and had high titers of anti-ATLA, suggesting that anti-ATLA might have some role in regulating the proliferation of ATL cells in vivo. In the lymphoma type, morphological diagnosis was not always specific for discriminating ATL-related from ATL-unrelated T-cell lymphomas. Detection of anti-ATLA in the patient's serum and of ATLA in cultured tumor cells, examination of the sera of members of the patient's family for anti-ATLA, and observation of typical flower cells in the peripheral blood though the patients had neither lymphocytosis nor leukemic changes, seem to be useful for the discrimination, especially in an ATL nonendemic area. Members of the family of a patient with anti-ATLA positive T lymphoma in an ATL-nonendemic area were also anti-ATLA positive, indicating that healthy ATLV carriers in an ATL-nonendemic area exist as a family colony. This is responsible for sporadic outbreaks of ATL in an ATL-nonendemic area. In summary, the disease entity of ATL is considered, at present, to be a malignancy of inducer/helper T-cells transformed by ATLV or HTLV (human T-cell leukemia virus). In this sense, diverse clinical manifestations of ATL should be recognized as events of viral oncogenesis and host immune response. PMID- 6603527 TI - A proposal for smoldering adult T-cell leukemia--diversity in clinical pictures of adult T-cell leukemia--. AB - We have observed five patients with smoldering adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) who had skin lesions as premonitory symptoms. The illness developed slowly but flared up after several years. Skin lesions appeared in the form of erythema, papules or nodules. Infiltration of the skin by ATL cells was slight, and the proportion of ATL cells in the peripheral blood was from 0% to 2%. The serum lactic dehydrogenase value was within normal range, and was not associated with hypercalcemia, lymphadenopathy, or hepatosplenomegaly, and bone marrow infiltration was very slight. In most cases, hypergammaglobulinemia was seen, and in one case monoclonal hypergammaglobulinemia was observed. All five patients had lived in an area in which ATL was endemic, and their sera were positive for anti ATL-associated antigen antibodies. None of them had ever received a blood transfusion. One patient developed typical ATL after more than 13 yr of illness, and died of renal insufficiency. Another patient developed typical ATL after 5 yr of illness, and died or cryptococcus meningitis. These cases were clinically and pathologically different from typical ATL cases already reported, and we feel it necessary to make distinctions from the viewpoints of prognosis and treatment. In discussing these cases, we compared smoldering ATL with typical ATL, and deliberated upon the causes of both. PMID- 6603528 TI - Case report of adult T-cell leukemia with preceding long-standing cutaneous involvement. AB - This report documents an unusual case of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) with a preceding phase of long-standing cutaneous involvement. After nine months of an aleukemic phase, characteristic leukemic cells of ATL, possessing inducer/helper phenotype without helper function, had appeared. In addition, antibodies to ATL virus-associated antigen (ATLA) were found in the serum of the patient and her family. The patient died after an 18-month clinical course due to generalized cytomegalovirus infection in spite of strong chemotherapy. At autopsy, leukemic involvement was restricted to the skin. We postulate that ATL may originate not only from the lymph nodes but also from the skin. PMID- 6603529 TI - Three cases of pre-adult T-cell leukemia. AB - Three patients with pre-adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) are reported. All of them were seropositive to ATL-associated antigens (ATLA) and had 3-30% abnormal lymphocytes with cleaved or lobulated nuclei in the peripheral blood in the absence of clinical symptoms of ATL. All the data on immunological tests were normal except for negative purified protein derivative skin tests. In Case 1 the patient was an elder sister of an ATL patient. Four other members of this family were also anti-ATLA positive without abnormal cells in the blood. In Cases 1 and 2, ATLA and ATL virus (ATLV) were expressed in the lymphocytes cultured with phytohemagglutinin or T-cell growth factor. Moreover, an ATLV-producing cell line was established from Case 1 by mixed lymphocyte culture with lymphocytes obtained from a normal anti-ATLA negative person. Investigation of pre-ATL cases may clarify factors leading to the development of ATL in ATLV-infected persons. PMID- 6603530 TI - Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma-related diseases in the Nagasaki District. AB - The clinical, hematological and pathological features of the adult T-cell leukemia (ATL)-related diseases and their cell membrane phenotypes in the Nagasaki district, one of the ATL-endemic areas, were delineated to compare them with those of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATLL). In addition, the participation of ATL virus (ATLV) in the ATL-related diseases was investigated on the basis of a study of ATLV-associated antigen (ATLA) and anti-ATLA antibody. ATLA and/or anti-ATLA antibody could be detected in the ATL-related diseases, including persistent T-lymphocytosis with morphologically abnormal T-lymphocytes, T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (T-CLL) of helper T-cells, T-cell malignant lymphoma of the skin, some seronegative helper T-cell malignant lymphomas and monomorphic T-cell leukemia with round nuclei. These results suggest that those cases in the Nagasaki district, though clinically different from each other, might be the same T-lymphoproliferative disease of possible viral etiology associated with ATLV. On the other hand, persistent T-lymphocytosis seems to be an infectious condition caused by ATLV and partly a preclinical stage of ATLL in view of the clinicohematological features. PMID- 6603531 TI - Spontaneous, complete remission in adult T-cell leukemia: a case report. AB - A 36-year-old man with adult T-cell leukemia gradually improved to the point of complete remission without any anticancer treatment. The patient was referred to our hospital because of the appearance of morphologically abnormal lymphocytes. Thirty percent of the peripheral blood white cells were morphologically abnormal lymphocytes which had lobulated or indented nuclei, and were E rosette-forming and mature T-cell antigen-positive. No hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy or mediastinal mass was noted. He had a cough with sputum one and a half years before entry. After admission, skin nodules occurred and were diagnosed histologically as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, diffuse pleomorphic. Serum antibodies against an adult T-cell leukemia-associated antigen were detected at a titer of 1:40. Chest X-ray films, a pulmonary function test, bronchographic examination, bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial lung biopsy demonstrated no relationship between the pulmonary symptoms and the adult T-cell leukemia. After treatment with antibiotics and a beclomethasone inhaler, the symptoms decreased, and then the abnormal lymphocytes and skin nodules disappeared. The spontaneous, complete remission has continued for four years. PMID- 6603532 TI - Anti-ATLA (antibody to adult T-cell leukemia virus-associated antigen), highly positive in OKT4-positive mature T-cell malignancies. AB - Serum or plasma specimens from 252 patients with lymphoid malignancies were screened for reactivity with adult T-cell leukemia virus-associated antigen (ATLA), and the relationship between the immunologic phenotype of the tumor cells and ATLA reactivity was determined. Anti-ATLA antibodies were found in 24 (29.3%) of 82 patients with T-cell malignancy. In contrast, the antibodies were found in none of the 106 patients with B-cell malignancy and only rarely in patients with other lymphoid malignancies without blood transfusions. Among the patients with T cell malignancy, anti-ATLA antibodies were found in 23 (45.1%) of the 51 patients with OKT4-positive mature T-cell (inducer/helper T-cell) malignancy, but in none of the patients with T-cell malignancy of pre-T, thymic T-cell or OKT8-positive mature T-cell (suppressor/cytotoxic T-cell) phenotype. Furthermore, among the OKT4-positive mature T-cell malignancies, the antibodies were found in 16 (84.2%) of 19 patients with ATL and in 5 (27.8%) of 18 patients with mature (peripheral) T-cell lymphoma, in none of four with typical T-chronic lymphocytic leukemia, in one of nine with mycosis fungoides and in the one patient with small-cell variant of Sezary's syndrome. These results suggest that anti-ATLA positive T-cell malignancies with OKT4-positive mature T-cell phenotype must be the same disease, because it is highly possible that they have the same etiology and the same cellular origin. In the atypical cases, it seems necessary to demonstrate monoclonal integration of proviral DNA of ATLV or HTLV into the tumor cells in order to establish the final diagnosis of ATL. PMID- 6603533 TI - Anti-ATLA (antibody to adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus-associated antigen) negative adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma. AB - Five cases of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) having typical clinicohematologic and morphologic features but negative for anti-ATLA [antibody to ATL virus (ATLV)-associated antigen (ATLA)] are presented. Some differences in immunologic, epidemiologic, and serologic data between anti-ATLA-positive and negative ATLs are also described. Expression of ATLA in early primary cultured leukemic cells was found to be negative in three patients tested (Cases 1, 2 and 4), however, a long-term cultured cell line, ATL-6A, derived from peripheral blood leukemia cells from Case 1, was found to express ATLA. Mother of Case 1 and a daughter of Case 2 were anti-ATLA negative. These results indicate that ATLV was involved in certain anti-ATLA-negative ATL patients, at least in Case 1, and that the patient had no detectable immune response against ATLV and ATLA. However, in other cases in which no ATLA reactivity of serum and no ATLA expression in cultured leukemic cells were observed, another possibility such as activation of an unknown cellular oncogene specific for ATL without ATLV involvement may be considered. In order to prove these possibilities definitely, it is necessary to elucidate whether or not proviral DNA of ATLV is integrated into chromosomal DNA of ATL cells and to find a cellular oncogene specific for ATL in the future. PMID- 6603534 TI - Serologic and epidemiologic studies on adult T-cell leukemia (ATL): special reference to a comparison between patients with and without antibody to ATL associated antigen. AB - A case of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) in a 23-yr-old Japanese man without immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibody to ATL-associated antigen (ATLA) (anti-ATLA) is presented. Comparative studies revealed that there were no differences between the present case and the anti-ATLA-positive ATL cases, except for the onset of the former at a younger age. Serologic and epidemiologic studies were performed to determine whether in this case the disease was still dependent on ATLA. As serum IgE and IgA had been persistently elevated, the serum was examined for these antibodies to ATLA. Furthermore, after the patient's serum was treated with glycine buffer to dissociate possibly existing immune complexes, it was assayed for antibodies (IgG, IgE and IgA) to ATLA. However, no antibody activity could be demonstrated. Sero-epidemiologic studies revealed that there were no anti-ATLA positive healthy adults (ATLA-HA) in either his family or among the residents of his birthplace, whereas some ATLA-HA have been found among the residents of the birthplaces of other ATL patients. Although further investigation is necessary, it seems reasonable for the present to consider that a minor group of ATL patients independent of ATL virus may exist. PMID- 6603535 TI - Adult T-cell leukemia on the east coast of Kii Peninsula--presentation of an anti ATLA-negative case. AB - Nineteen patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) have been found in the last seven years along the east coast of Kii Peninsula in Japan. The leukemic cells were of the immunologically inducer/helper T-cell phenotype. The prognosis was very poor (median survival time, 85 days), and most of the patients had fatal complications of pulmonary infections. Antibody against ATL-associated antigen (anti-ATLA) was detected in sera from 9 of 10 patients who were born along the coast. However, it was not detected in one patient who was born in a district surrounded by mountains. Although he had neither superficial lymphadenopathy nor skin lesions, he showed rapid clinical deterioration. His leukemic cells appeared to be extremely bizarre with marked nuclear deformation compared with those of the other patients. In surface marker studies the leukemic cells reacted positively with OKT3, OKT4 and OKIa-1 monoclonal antibodies. The characteristics of the anti-ATLA-negative case are discussed in comparison with the other ATL cases. PMID- 6603536 TI - Incidence of antibody to adult T-cell leukemia-virus-associated antigen among T cell malignancies in the Kyoto District, with a report of two unusual cases. AB - Titration of antibody to adult T-cell leukemia (ATL)-virus-associated antigen (ATLA) is of much help for diagnosing ATL, because almost all patients with ATL are seropositive even in an ATL-nonendemic area such as Kyoto. In T-cell lymphoma, anti-ATLA antibody was thought to be related to the birthplace of the patients and the epidermotropism of their skin lesions, but it was not confirmative because the number of cases was so small. We present here two curious cases of anti-ATLA-negative T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. A 53-yr-old man, born in a nonendemic area, had manifestations similar to those of ATL except for the lack of skin involvement, but the morphology of his leukemic cells was less like that of ATL cells than that of prolymphocytic leukemia cells. Therefore, his leukemia was not diagnosed as ATL. A 52-yr-old woman, whose parents' hometown was in an endemic area, showed typical manifestations of nonleukemic T-cell lymphoma, and her biopsied lymph node was compatible with diffuse, pleomorphic lymphoma histologically. In the latter patient, the negative anti-ATLA finding might be due to titration sensitivity. Therefore, the clinical and hematologic features are still informative for distinguishing ATL from other T-cell malignancies. PMID- 6603538 TI - Hodgkin's disease in the endemic area of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). AB - Antibodies to adult T-cell leukemia associated antigen (ATLA) in the sera from 14 patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) were examined by the indirect immunofluorescence method. All patients were born in the ATL-endemic area, Kagoshima and Miyazaki prefectures, of Japan. Seven of the 13 evaluable patients (54%) gave positive reactions in the anti-ATLA test. Most of the positive patients were over 40 years of age and the positive rate in males was higher than that in females. The most interesting finding in the anti-ATLA positive patients was the presence of circulating abnormal lymphocytes which are usually found in ATL patients. Histological subclassification of the positive patients had no tendency to converge into a particular subclass of HD. Although there was no definite evidence to show an etiological relationship between ATL virus and HD, several findings in this study seem to suggest that in anti-ATLA positive patients, especially in the ATL-endemic area, the anti-ATLA positive state might have some inevitable influence on the natural history of their HD. PMID- 6603537 TI - A report of a case of T-cell-derived chronic lymphocytic leukemia with antibodies to adult T-cell leukemia-associated antigens. AB - A case of T-cell-derived chronic lymphocytic leukemia (T-CLL) with antibodies to adult T-cell leukemia (ATL)-associated antigens (ATLA) is reported. The patient had marked lymphocytosis consisting of peripheral cells that were shown to be T cells by their spontaneous sheep erythrocyte rosette formation and their OKT3 and OKT8 positivity, and in which ATLA were also detected after short-term culture of the cells in vitro. These findings suggest that adult T-cell leukemia virus (ATLV) might cause not only ATL but also some other lymphoid malignancies such as a type of T-CLL as in this case report. Nevertheless the occasional development of OKT8-positive T-CLL in a healthy carrier of ATLV in an ATL-endemic area cannot be disregarded. PMID- 6603539 TI - Adult T-cell leukemia-associated antigen (ATLA) and anti-ATLA antibodies in patients with Hodgkin's disease in the Nagasaki District. AB - Seven patients with Hodgkin's disease in the Nagasaki district were examined for adult T-cell leukemia-associated antigen (ATLA), a human retrovirus-associated antigen, and anti-ATLA antibodies. Anti-ATLA antibody reactivity with the ATLA positive cultured cells from an ATL patient was demonstrated in four (57.1%) of seven patients. This suggests that infection by a human retrovirus may be closely associated with Hodgkin's disease in the Nagasaki district. However, ATLA could not be induced in the cultured mononuclear cells taken from biopsied lymph nodes of the three patients examined. Hence, it is necessary to collect more direct evidence in the search for a viral etiology of Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6603540 TI - Haptoglobin, group-specific component, transferrin and alpha 1-antitrypsin subtypes and new variants in Japanese. PMID- 6603541 TI - [Emission computed tomography using rotating gamma cameras for stress 201T1 myocardial imaging: qualitative segmental analysis for localization of coronary artery disease]. PMID- 6603542 TI - Electrogenesis of the slow inhibitory postsynaptic potential in bullfrog sympathetic ganglia. AB - The ionic mechanisms of the slow surface positive (P)-potential and the slow inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP), an intracellularly recorded P-potential in sympathetic ganglia, were analysed by means of sucrose-gap, intracellular microelectrode techniques, and voltage clamp technique. Both the P-potential and the slow IPSP consist of two different potential components, namely the ouabain sensitive and the ouabain-insensitive components. The ouabain-sensitive component was enhanced by a moderate conditioning hyperpolarization. This component was most reasonably explained as a potential change generated by an activation of the electrogenic Na+ pump. The ouabain-insensitive potential component of the P potential and the slow IPSP decreased in the amplitude and finally reversed its polarity by conditioning hyperpolarization. The reversal potential of ouabain insensitive component of slow IPSP and slow inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC) was close to the EK. The amplitude of ouabain-insensitive component of P potential and slow IPSP was markedly decreased by an elevation of external K+ concentration. The reversal potential of ouabain-insensitive component shifted to a more positive potential level in high K+ Ringer's solution. On the other hand, it was augmented in K+-free Ringer's solution. A reduction of the membrane resistance was observed during the generation of the slow IPSP, when the membrane potential of ganglion cells was held at a membrane potential level more negative than -60 mV. The slow IPSC recorded by voltage-clamp method was associated with an increase in membrane conductance. It was concluded that the ouabain insensitive component was generated by an activation of K+ conductance. PMID- 6603543 TI - Biotransformation of coumarin derivatives. (2). Oxidative metabolism of 7 alkoxycoumarin by microsomal enzymes and a simple assay procedure for 7 alkoxycoumarin O-dealkylase. AB - The in vitro biotransformation of 7-alkoxycoumarin by rat liver microsomes was studied to develop a simple and accurate assay procedure for 7-alkoxycoumarin O dealkylase. 7-Alkoxycoumarin was converted to the O-dealkylated metabolite, 7 hydroxycoumarin, by aerobic incubation of the parent compound with microsomes and NADPH, but the decreased amount of 7-alkoxycoumarin in the reaction mixture was several times higher than that of the 7-hydroxycoumarin produced during the incubation. The thin-layer chromatogram of the ether extractable metabolites in the reaction mixture showed the existence of several fluorescent metabolites including 7-hydroxycoumarin. Fluorescent properties of the parent compound, 7 alkoxycoumarin, and most of the metabolites differed from that of 7 hydroxycoumarin, but the reaction cofactor, NADPH, showed similar properties. Treatment of the reaction mixture with perchloric acid resulted in conversion of NADPH to the non-fluorescent form without any effect upon the fluorescent properties of 7-hydroxycoumarin and its related compounds. Based on these properties, an improved and simple in vitro fluorometric assay of the O dealkylation of 7-alkoxycoumarin was developed. The method is applicable to routine determination of O-dealkylase activity in both isolated microsomes and whole homogenate. Species differences in the substrate specificity of the O dealkylation reaction and in the responsiveness of animals to the inducer were observed even with use of the liver homogenate obtained from untreated and phenobarbital- or beta-naphthoflavone-pretreated animals, similar to what was observed with the microsomal system. PMID- 6603544 TI - [Current status and future of the aortocoronary bypass: discussion]. PMID- 6603546 TI - [Emergency coronary revascularization for acute refractory myocardial ischemia (ARMIs)]. PMID- 6603545 TI - [Clinical experience of 150 cases of coronary surgery, with emphasis on surgical complications]. PMID- 6603547 TI - [Significance of complete myocardial revascularization in patients with severe left coronary artery disease]. PMID- 6603548 TI - [Some problems of aortocoronary bypass surgery in patients with vasospastic angina]. PMID- 6603549 TI - [Effectiveness of A-C bypass operation for improvement of cardiac index and sinus bradycardia]. PMID- 6603550 TI - [Operative procedure of left main coronary artery disease]. PMID- 6603551 TI - [Evaluation of aortocoronary bypass operation by measurement of regional coronary sinus blood flow and myocardial metabolism]. PMID- 6603552 TI - [Surgical treatment for variant angina--diltiazem drip infusion to prevent perioperative spasm]. PMID- 6603553 TI - [Improvement of left ventricular function and coronary sinus blood flow during exercise after complete revascularization of the left coronary artery]. PMID- 6603554 TI - [Selective intracoronary thrombolysis and subsequent aorto-coronary bypass in acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6603555 TI - [A successful management of acute retrograde dissection of the aorta during aorto coronary bypass grafting with ringed graft]. PMID- 6603556 TI - [Aortocoronary bypass graft in a young patient with totally occluded coronary artery]. PMID- 6603557 TI - Cytotoxic responses induced by peptidoglycans with or without in vivo antitumor activity. AB - Cytotoxic responses mediated by effector cells stimulated in vivo were studied after ip injection in mice of peptidoglycans extracted from gram-positive bacteria. A comparison was done between Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan (PGS), which possessed an antitumor effect, and Micrococcus lysodeikticus peptidoglycan, which was ineffective against tumors. Both peptidoglycans induced similar effects on the modulation of T-cell cytotoxic response. Both were able to stimulate splenic and peritoneal nonspecific cytotoxicity against YAC-1 lymphoid tumor cells, but only PGS could induce cytotoxicity and cytostasis against solid tumor target cells. PMID- 6603558 TI - [Immunological changes in patients with chronic ischemia of the lower extremities]. PMID- 6603559 TI - [A case of bilateral lens subluxation in Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome]. PMID- 6603560 TI - [Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in the oropharynx in children - a histological study in 11 patients]. AB - In the period from 1965 to 1979 biopsies from the oropharynx of 11 children with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were collected at the Lymph Node Registry in Kiel. Palatine tonsil tissue was examined in all cases and, in addition, specimens from the retrolingual region of one child and the epipharynx of two patients. All biopsies showed infiltration with lymphoblastic lymphoma (LB). LB of Burkitt type was diagnosed in eight cases, T-LB (convoluted-cell type, acid phosphatase positive) in one, and unclassified LB in two. Thus, there was a strong predominance of B-cell-lymphomas. PMID- 6603561 TI - Turnover of autologous alpha 1-antitrypsin in a patient with congenital analbuminemia. AB - Despite very low amounts of albumin (1.7 mg/100 ml) the total plasma protein concentration of a patient with congenital analbuminemia was only slightly reduced to 6.3 g/100 ml. The lack of albumin is compensated by high concentrations of many other plasma proteins. Among the plasma proteins measured, alpha 1-antitrypsin showed a particularly high level. To investigate the underlying mechanism of this increase we purified plasma alpha 1-antitrypsin from the patient, labelled it with 125I, and studied its turnover in the analbuminemic patient and two normal volunteers. A half-life of 15 days in the patient compared with 7.5 and 8 days in the normal volunteers was found. The calculated synthesis rate of alpha 1-antitrypsin was about twice as high in the patient as in the controls. Therefore, both a longer half-life and an increased synthesis rate contribute to the high level of alpha 1-antitrypsin in the plasma of the analbuminemic patient. PMID- 6603562 TI - [Use of bilateral galvanization of the labyrinth for imitation of the changes of vestibular afferentia in weightlessness]. PMID- 6603563 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in mice infected with Mycobacterium leprae. AB - T and B cells were quantitated from the spleen of M. leprae infected mice and correlated with bacillary count in the foot pad. Lymphocyte transformation with PHA and M. leprae (armadillo) antigens was also studied during different months of infection. T cell counts dropped gradually but significantly throughout the course of infection. B cells had a concomitant rise up to 6 months and then registered a fall as compared to the initial control figures. Transformation of lymphocytes with PHA fell significantly after 4th month til the end of the experiment, whereas stimulation index for armadillo antigen rose gradually from 3rd month onwards to reach a peak at 6th month and then fell till the end of the experiment with increasing bacterial population whereas B-cell counts showed little change. PMID- 6603564 TI - Protease inhibitors activity in lepromatous leprosy and lepra reaction. AB - Serum alpha one antitrypsin levels were measured in 50 healthy age and sex matched controls with 45 lepromatous leprosy cases and 5 cases of lepra reaction. It was noted that the mean level in healthy controls was 281.00 mg%, while the mean levels in LL patients was 421.00 mg% and in LR 570.00 mg%. The elevation of Alpha one antitrypsin was statistically significant in LL patients. It is possible that the rise is a reaction to release of proteases and or higher complement activity, which are the results of a high bacillary loading to formation of immune complexes. PMID- 6603565 TI - [Aortoduodenal fistula: digestive hemorrhage and polymicrobial sepsis]. PMID- 6603566 TI - [Open heart surgery in patients over 70 years of age]. PMID- 6603567 TI - Randomised, controlled study of transhepatic obliteration of varices and oesophageal stapling transection in uncontrolled variceal haemorrhage. AB - Percutaneous transhepatic obliteration and surgical stapling transection of the oesophagus with the EEA gun were compared prospectively in the treatment of uncontrolled oesophageal variceal haemorrhage unresponsive to conservative measures. Twenty patients with cirrhosis, with a patient portal vein and who were considered suitable for general anaesthesia and surgery, were randomised to two treatment groups (10 patients each). Immediate arrest of haemorrhage was achieved in 17 patients (nine surgery, eight obliteration). In one other patient, stapling transection succeeded where attempted transhepatic obliteration failed, and in another patient obliteration succeeded where attempted transection had failed. One patient continued to bleed and died following attempts at both procedures. Two other patients also died in hospital, without rebleeding following surgery. Variceal rebleeding during the same hospital admission occurred in two patients in the obliteration group and in none after surgery. Oesophageal stapling transection compares very favourably with a non-surgical technique such as transhepatic obliteration of varices in the emergency treatment of uncontrolled variceal haemorrhage in patients with moderate liver failure. PMID- 6603568 TI - [Diffusible factors as activators of the primary immune response in vivo]. PMID- 6603569 TI - Seroepidemiological study of antibodies to adult T-cell leukemia virus-associated antigen (ATLA) in free-ranging Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata). PMID- 6603570 TI - [Immunochemical study of parotid secretion in recurrent parotitis in childhood]. PMID- 6603571 TI - Specificity of anti-DNA antibodies in SLE-I. Definition and gross specificity of antibody populations in human SLE plasma. AB - Populations of anti-DNA antibodies in two SLE plasma were defined based on their patterns of reactivity in inhibition assays with single and double-stranded DNA as well as mono- and oligonucleotides. Two populations of anti-DNA antibodies were seen in both plasma tested. The first population reacted specifically with ssDNA and was inhibited by relatively low concentrations of free nucleotides indicating that it recognized the nucleotide bases in ssDNA. The second population bound both ss and ds calf thymus DNA with apparent equal affinity. The cross-reactive anti-DNA antibodies were inhibited by mononucleotides (at high concentrations) and by single-stranded oligonucleotides (average length tetranucleotides). For one of the plasma tested (PS), pBR322 plasmid DNA (54% G + C) was a significantly more effective inhibitor than calf thymus DNA (39% G + C). These results suggested that nucleotide bases contributed to dsDNA binding by cross-reactive anti-DNA antibodies. PMID- 6603572 TI - Cleavage of membrane-bound C3b and C3bi by viable human neutrophils (PMN). AB - Cleavage of C3 by purified leukocyte enzymes and crude extracts of human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) granules has been reported. We demonstrate that viable PMN mediate the cleavage of erythrocyte-bound C3b and C3bi via cell associated proteases. Greater than 50% of 125IC3(x) was released from EAC43bix during a 5-min incubation with viable PMN at 37 degrees C. More than a 30-min incubation was required for substantial release from EAC43bx. Culture fluids from PMN suspensions had limited cleaving ability; cleavage of cell-bound C3bx and C3bix was only partially reduced when PMN were preincubated with high levels of soluble C3 which completely blocked EAC43b rosettes. Thus, cell-to-cell contact between opsonized erythrocytes and viable PMN with surface-associated proteases are responsible for cleavage of these opsonic sites. The effect of defined protease inhibitors on PMN cleaving activity as well as on purified leukocyte elastase was examined. Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and the leukocyte elastase inhibitor, methoxy-succinate-alanine-alanine-valine-chloromethyl ketone (MeO) each inhibited cleavage of C3b by 90% and C3bi by 60%. In contrast, the cathepsin-G inhibitor, benzyloxy-carbonyl-glycine-leucine-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (Z) inhibited C3b and C3bi cleavage by less than 20 and less than 5%, respectively. Ethylenediaminetetra-acetate (EDTA), which had a minimal effect on soluble leukocyte elastase, also inhibited PMN-related release. Thus, elastase appeared to be the principle but not the only enzyme responsible for cleavage of C3b and C3bi. PMSF and MeO had a minimal effect on the activity of purified C3bINA (Factor I); and PMN-mediated release of C3b fragments was not inhibited by anti-Factor I and anti-beta 1H (Factor H) IgG and Fab. Thus, these control proteins are not involved in the PMN-mediated cleavage under study. PMN mediated cleavage of C3b was also inhibited when PMSF- and MeO-treated PMN were washed to remove the fluid phase phase protease inhibitor before adding EAC43b. This suggests that proteases localized in the PMN membrane, prior to the adherence of EAC43b, are responsible for C3b cleavage. Normal human serum was effective in blocking PMN-mediated release activity, while serum from alpha 1 antitrypsin-deficient patients was minimally effective. This suggests a mechanism for the in vivo regulation of PMN-mediated release of C3b and C3bi from opsonized particles by the natural plasma protease inhibitors. PMID- 6603573 TI - The active site of human C4a anaphylatoxin. AB - The human C4 activation peptide C4a has recently been shown to be biologically active and to share common tissue receptors with human C3a anaphylatoxin. Human C3a and C4a each induce contraction and cause cross-desensitization of isolated guinea-pig ileal strips. The essential active site of C3a is comprised in the model peptide containing the five COOH-terminal residues, Leu-Gly-Leu-Ala-Arg. The anaphylatoxic activities of the corresponding C4a pentapeptide, Ala-Gly-Leu Gln-Arg, and several other synthetic peptides related to the COOH-terminal sequence of human C4a were examined. The C4a pentapeptide induced contraction of guinea-pig ileum at 1 X 10(-3) M and produced a wheal and flare reaction in human or guinea-pig skin when 2-5 mumols were injected intradermally. The corresponding C3a pentapeptide is 500-fold more active, since it induces contraction of guinea pig ileum at 3-4 X 10(-6) M and only 4-10 nmole induce a visible skin reaction. Although the C4a pentapeptide is relatively inactive compared to the C3a pentapeptide, two analogs of these peptides, Leu-Gly-Leu-Gln-Arg and Ala-Gly-Leu Ala-Arg, each exhibited significantly greater activity than Ala-Gly-Leu-Gln-Arg and each analog desensitized ileal smooth muscle towards contraction by either C3a or C4a. Thus it is a combination of two amino acid substitutions, the Ala for Leu-73 and Gln for Ala-76, in the COOH-terminal pentapeptide of C3a that accounts for the markedly reduced activity of C4a. The contribution of the COOH-terminal portion of C4a on its activity was further documented by examining the C4a octapeptide, Lys-Gly-Gln-Ala-Gly-Leu-Gln-Arg and a trialanyl analog, Ala-Ala-Ala Ala-Gly-Leu-Gln-Arg. The C4a octapeptide, C4a (70-77), exhibited 5-fold greater biologic activity than the C4a pentapeptide, while the trialanyl analog was 40 fold more active. Anaphylatoxic activities of the C4a-(73-77) pentapeptide, C4a (70-77) octapeptide, and the trialanyl octapeptide analog and their ability to specifically block the action of C3a and C4a on smooth muscle tissue support the conclusion that, as in C3a, the essential active site of C4a resides at its COOH terminus. Since C4a functions as an anaphylatoxin and significant quantities of this mediator may be generated in individuals with hereditary angioneurotic edema (HANE), the hypotheses that the kinin-like activity promoting edema in HANE patients is derived solely from component C2 and/or kininogens should be reappraised. The activities previously assigned to C4a and now confirmed by synthetic C4a analog peptides suggest that the kinin-like activity generated in HANE plasma may be derived in part from C4a. PMID- 6603575 TI - Prevalence of dermatomycosis in sheep in northern India. PMID- 6603574 TI - Immunopurification and insertion into liposomes of native and mutant H-2Kb: quantification by solid phase radioimmunoassay. AB - To study the interaction between T cells and isolated H-2Kb, we developed protocols for the immunopurification of the molecule from monoclonal anti-H-2Kb immunoadsorbent columns and for its insertion in lipid vesicles. Patterns of reactivity of two anti-H-2Kb monoclonal antibodies (mAb) (20-8-4 and Y3) on H-2 recombinant and H-2Kb mutant mice indicated that mAb Y3 reacted with all six mutant forms of H-2Kb tested. Binding competition studies indicated that Y3 and 20-8-4 recognized distinct epitopes of H-2Kb. A solid phase radioimmunoassay was established using these two mAb to monitor H-2Kb activity in detergent containing cell lysates, after immunopurification, and after insertion into liposomes. About 70% of H-2Kb activity could be eluted from anti-H-2Kb-immunoadsorbents in the presence of 3 M NH4SCN and octyl glucoside (pH 7.4). A procedure of liposome formation combining gel dilution and dialysis yielded liposomes bearing H-2Kb molecules which could inhibit antibody plus complement cytolysis and could stimulate in vivo primed T cells to generate cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro. The present protocol can be extended to immunopurify and obtain H-2Kbm1 bearing liposomes. PMID- 6603576 TI - The importance of T3 in the activation of T lymphocytes. PMID- 6603577 TI - The pyrogenic and mitogenic actions of interleukin-1 are related. AB - Our present understanding of the pathogenesis of fever is that host macrophages, following activation by an appropriate stimulus such as Gram-negative lipopolysaccharide (LPS) immune complexes, or primed lymphocytes in the presence of specific antigen, synthesize and release endogenous pyrogen (EP). EP is carried in the blood circulation to the hypothalamic area of the brain where its action, involving a protein synthetic step, results in an increase of the level at which body temperature is maintained. Recently, it was shown that EP is very similar and possibly identical to another macrophage mediator previously called lymphocyte activating factor and now known as interleukin-1 (IL-1) which, in conjunction with lectin or specific antigen, induces clonal expansion of T lymphocytes. We show here that murine T-cell proliferation in response to IL-1 in vitro is greatly increased when the cells are exposed to a temperature typical of fever and that injection of the same IL-1 causes fever in mice. If this relationship exists in vivo, the resulting facilitation of a T-cell-dependent immune response may well confer survival value and contribute to the evolutionary conservation of fever--a phylogenetically ancient response to infection. PMID- 6603578 TI - Frequency tuning in a frog vestibular organ. AB - Several distinct mechanisms have evolved in the auditory periphery to extract frequency information from a sound. In the mammalian cochlea, a travelling wave on the basilar membrane enhanced by a physiologically vulnerable neuromechanical interaction performs the primary frequency separation. In lizards, tuning is likely to depend on structures in the papilla other than the basilar membrane, and tuning in the auditory nerve is correlated with the length of the stereocilia. In turtles and possibly some bird species, an electrical resonance in the receptor cells is responsible for frequency selectivity. In addition to those organs obviously specialized to detect acoustic stimuli, afferents of the vestibular system can exhibit tuning to low-frequency airborne sounds, despite the absence of mechanical frequency separation by accessory structures. I report here that in the frog saccule, a vestibular organ apparently constructed for the detection of vibratory accelerations, frequency tuning may arise from an electrical resonance intrinsic to the hair cells. The mechanism is similar to that found in turtle and ensures that a stimulus with frequency corresponding to the membrane resonant frequency will produce the largest signal in the cell. This type of tuning may thus be quite widespread. Oscillatory mechanisms have been reported in sensory cells of other modalities in several lower vertebrates, and may even contribute to their sensitivity, although such mechanisms do imply that the signal-to-noise ratio is degraded near threshold. PMID- 6603579 TI - Voltage- and ion-dependent conductances in solitary vertebrate hair cells. AB - An important function of the peripheral auditory system is the resolution of complex sounds into their constituent frequency components. It is well established that each mechanoreceptive hair cell of the cochlea is maximally sensitive to a particular frequency of sound, but the mechanisms by which this sharp frequency selectivity is achieved are still controversial. The complex mechanical and hydrodynamic properties of the receptor organs and of the hair cells themselves are certainly involved. However, in at least one auditory organ, the turtle cochlea, frequency tuning is greatly enhanced by the electrical properties of the hair-cell membrane; each cell in this organ behaves as an electrical resonator tuned to a narrow band of frequencies. Using the 'Gigaseal', whole-cell recording technique, we have investigated the biophysical basis of similar resonant behaviour in enzymatically isolated hair cells from the bullfrog sacculus. We report here the identification of three voltage- and ion-dependent conductances which may contribute to the electrical tuning mechanism: a non inactivating calcium conductance, an A-type K+ conductance, and a Ca2+-activated K+ conductance. PMID- 6603580 TI - [The major histocompatibility complex and self and non-self differentiation through the immune system]. PMID- 6603581 TI - [Coronary vessel surgery now and in the future]. PMID- 6603582 TI - [10 years of coronary surgery; results in 1041 patients operated on at the Thorax Center in Rotterdam]. PMID- 6603583 TI - [Crushing of kidney stones: tomorrow's reality? (noninvasive lithotripsy by shock waves)]. PMID- 6603584 TI - Laboratory isolation of chloramphenicol-resistant Haemophilus influenza in Nebraska. PMID- 6603585 TI - Impaired cell-mediated immunity in focal glomerular sclerosis. AB - Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was evaluated in 8 patients with focal glomerular sclerosis (FGS), 50 patients suffering from chronic mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis without renal insufficiency and 24 healthy controls. The following parameters were measured: delayed skin reactivity to purified protein derivative, circulating lymphocytes, lymphocyte cell-surface markers (neuraminidase-treated sheep erythrocyte and erythrocyte-antibody-complement rosettes) and functional markers (mitogenic responses to concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin). The FGS patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) had a significant depression in CMI, characterized by decreased responses of the lymphocytes to both concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin, impaired delayed hypersensitivity to purified protein derivative and a decreased proportion of T lymphocytes as compared with normal subjects. In contrast, the levels of all CMI parameters studied in FGS patients in remission and in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis with or without NS did not differ from normal subjects. Thus, the majority of FGS patients with NS demonstrated an impaired response in a CMI assay system. The possible significance of these phenomena in the pathophysiology of FGS is discussed. PMID- 6603586 TI - HLA-DR 7 in adult lipoid nephrosis patients. Significant difference according to the age of onset. PMID- 6603587 TI - Choroid plexus papilloma of the cerebello-pontine angle. AB - The clinical symptoms, neuroradiological findings and post-operative course is described in four patients affected with a choroid plexus papilloma of the cerebello-pontine angle. Clinical criteria (such as the early onset of signs and symptoms of raised intracranial pressure, and the early impairment of the auditory function) and the neuroradiological pictures (the lack of bone lesions, the tumour appearance as a hypodense mass on CT scan, which is well-enhanced after contrast injection) help the neurosurgeon to predict the surgical findings, but they cannot be considered as definite. The prognosis of such tumours is related more to the difficulties of the surgical intervention than to the peculiar properties of the growth. PMID- 6603588 TI - Craniopharyngioma of the third ventricle. AB - A woman, aged 33 years, presented with headache, drowsiness, and attacks of loss of consciousness with incontinence, during the eight months previous to admission. A CT scan showed a round cystic mass in the third ventricle which was interpreted as a colloid cyst. A myodil ventriculogramm showed the anterior part of the third ventricle completely occupied by tumour. Eleven months later, because of worsening of symptoms, a new scan was carried out, and the presence of an intraventricular tumour in the anterior part of the third ventricle was confirmed. The patient died four months later. The histological diagnosis of the previous biopsy, as well as the post mortem examination, showed a craniopharyngioma of the third ventricle. There was no macroscopic or histological involvement of the pituitary gland by the tumour. PMID- 6603589 TI - [Case of spontaneous ventriculocisternostomy: with special reference to a CT finding]. AB - Spontaneous ventriculocisternostomy rarely occurs in obstructive hydrocephalus. The authors experienced a case of spontaneous ventriculocisternostomy diagnosed by CT scan with metrizamide and Conray. Patient was 23-year-old male who had been in good health until one month before admission, when he began to have headache and tinnitus. He noticed bilateral visual acuity was decreased about one week before admission and vomiting appeared two days before admission. He was admitted to our hospital because of bilateral papilledema and remarkable hydrocephalus diagnosed by CT scan. On admission, no abnormal neurological signs except for bilateral papilledema were noted. Immediately, right ventricular drainage was performed. Pressure of the ventricle was over 300 mmH2O and CSF was clear. PVG and PEG disclosed an another cavity behind the third ventricle, which was communicated with the third ventricle, and occlusion of aqueduct of Sylvius. Metrizamide CT scan and Conray CT scan showed a communication between this cavity and quadrigeminal and supracerebellar cisterns. On these neuroradiological findings, the diagnosis of obstructive hydrocephalus due to benign aqueduct stenosis accompanied with spontaneous ventriculocisternostomy was obtained. Spontaneous ventriculocisternostomy was noticed to produce arrest of hydrocephalus, but with our case, spontaneous regression of such symptoms did not appeared. In the literature, arrest of hydrocephalus was noted in 50 per cent of 14 cases of obstructive hydrocephalus with spontaneous ventriculocisternostomy. By surgical ventriculocisternostomy (method by Torkildsen, Dandy, or Scarff), arrest of hydrocephalus was seen in about 50 to 70 per cent, which was the same results as those of spontaneous ventriculocisternostomy. It is concluded that VP shunt or VA shunt is thought to be better treatment of obstructive hydrocephalus than the various kinds of surgical ventriculocisternostomy. PMID- 6603590 TI - Progesterone enhancement of lysergic acid diethylamide and levo-5 hydroxytryptophan stimulation of the copulatory response in the female rat. AB - Copulatory behavior in the ovariectomized rat, i.e. the lordosis response (LR) on being mounted by a male, can be induced by administration of either estrogen alone or estrogen followed by progesterone. LR has been shown to be inhibited by lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in certain doses (greater than or equal to 50 micrograms/kg) and by Levo-5-hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP) (greater than or equal to 2.5 mg/kg). This effect was recently found to be enhanced by increasing doses of progesterone. In contrast, small doses of LSD (5-30 micrograms/kg) have been shown to increase LR activated by estrogen alone. The effects of various hormone treatments on the stimulatory action of LSD were tested in the present study. When the lordosis behavior was activated by estradiol benzoate (EB) alone (25 or 7 X 2 micrograms/kg), LR increased 10 min after injection of LSD in a dose of 10 micrograms/kg. There were no detectable effects in animals treated with estrogen alone when the dose of LSD was lowered to 1 microgram/kg. LSD in the latter dose gave an increased response, however, when LR was activated by EB (5 micrograms/kg) in combination with progesterone (4.0 mg/rat). An analogous study was conducted with L-5-HTP, after pretreatment with pargyline and R04-4602. Small doses of L-5-HTP (0.25 and 0.05 mg/kg) stimulated the LR and the influence of progesterone was the same as for small doses of LSD. Possible mechanisms underlying the observed influence of progesterone on serotonergic mechanisms involved in the lordosis behavior are discussed. PMID- 6603591 TI - Quantitative and temporal aspects of serotonin's facilitatory action on phasic secretion of luteinizing hormone in female rats. PMID- 6603592 TI - Myasthenia gravis. Immunological studies in a young child treated with thymectomy and immunosuppressive drugs. AB - A case of severe myasthenia gravis diagnosed in a 12-month-old girl is described. Thymectomy at 15 months of age had only a negligible effect on the course of the disease. Treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors, prednisolone and azathioprine was started. After one year of combined treatment she was symptomfree and 3 years later treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors and prednisolone was discontinued. Attempts to withdraw azathioprine have so far been unsuccessful, leading to relapse of the disease. IgG-antibodies against cholinergic receptors were lowered to near normal, whereas the levels of total plasma immunoglobulins remained normal. The proportion of T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood was reduced during the first weeks after thymectomy, but has since been normal. Lymphocyte function measured by PHA stimulation remained normal all the time. The girl grew and developed normally without complicating infectious diseases in spite of her severe disease, thymectomy and immunosuppressive treatment. PMID- 6603593 TI - Inhibition of 5-hydroxytryptamine-mediated behaviour by the putative 5-HT2 antagonist pirenperone. AB - The effect of pirenperone, a putative 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, on various 5-HT mediated behavioural responses has been examined. The head twitch response in mice, induced by administration of carbidopa (25 mg/kg) followed by 5 hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) (200 mg/kg), was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by pirenperone, with an ED50 of 76 micrograms/kg. The appearance of head weaving, forepaw treading and hind-limb abduction, which followed the administration of tranylcypromine (5 mg/kg) plus L-tryptophan (100 mg/kg) or quipazine (50 mg/kg) to rats, was also inhibited by pretreatment with pirenperone (100 micrograms/kg). Pirenperone did not alter the rate of 5-HT synthesis in the rat brain. Whilst pirenperone (100 micrograms/kg) did decrease methamphetamine-induced locomotor activity in rats, a dose of haloperidol producing a similar inhibition of this response did not alter the 5-HT-mediated behaviour. It is suggested, therefore, that the currently used 5-HT-induced behavioural models are 5-HT2 receptor mediated. PMID- 6603594 TI - Scarring around cervical epidural stimulating electrode. AB - Scarring around the electrically stimulating electrodes has been of concern since dorsal column stimulation was introduced. This concern resurfaced in the days of cerebellar electrodes and, with the advent of epidural stimulating techniques for the control of pain and spasticity, it again arises as a potential problem. We present a patient who underwent the placement of a C-2-C-4 electrode to treat torticollis; 3 months later, a mild spastic quadriparesis developed and the stimulation became ineffective. At reexploration, dense scar surrounded the electrode and confined the cervical spinal cord. With microdissection techniques, the scar was removed from the dura mater and the dura began to pulsate freely. The quadriparesis reversed. Examination of the scar tissue microscopically showed linearly arrayed fibroblastic nuclei, and we are uncertain whether the exuberant fibroblastic response is a response to electrical stimulation, the materials used in the electrode, or some technical aspects of the operation. PMID- 6603596 TI - Alzheimer's disease: focal cortical changes shown by positron emission tomography. AB - Local rates of cortical glucose metabolism were estimated by positron emission tomography in 13 right-handed patients with Alzheimer's disease. Individuals with disproportionate failure of language function had markedly diminished metabolism in the left frontal, temporal, and parietal regions. Patients with predominant visuo-constructive dysfunction evidenced a hypometabolic focus in the right parietal cortex. Patients with memory failure as the most apparent feature had no significant metabolic asymmetry in cortical regions. In all subjects, verbal competency generally correlated with metabolic activity in the left frontal and temporal areas, while visuo-constructive test performance was linked to glucose utilization in the right parietal lobe. PMID- 6603595 TI - Metrizamide cisternography of the cerebello-pontine angle by lateral C1-C2 puncture. AB - Cisternography of the cerebello-pontine angle was performed with metrizamide using pluridirectional motion tomography on the Polytome. Lateral puncture between C1-C2 with a low pressure technique was used with the patient in lateral decubitus position. In a series of 20 patients all examinations were conclusive and small acoustic neuromas were seen in three patients. The investigation is easy to perform and sufficient contrast-medium-filling of the cerebello-pontine cistern and the internal auditory canal was obtained with 2 ml metrizamide (300 mg I/ml). PMID- 6603598 TI - Neuroanatomical asymmetry in the telencephalic hemispheres of the frog Rana esculenta. AB - The frog's brain postfixed with osmium tetroxide and stained with uranyl acetate was examined for asymmetries. Examination with the light microscope of serial semithin sections of the telencephalon revealed a nucleus of dark cells located in the lateral cortex of only the left hemisphere in a region close to the 'porcion arqueada' of Pedro Ramon y Cajal. Electron microscopy of ultrathin sections suggests that the cells of this asymmetric nucleus are neurons with a coarse cytoplasmic texture, where large inclusions occur, and with broad cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 6603597 TI - [Surgical emergencies of the colon]. PMID- 6603599 TI - Increased glucose utilization associated with inflammatory brain lesions of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - [14C]Deoxyglucose autoradiograms obtained from rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis revealed foci of intense glycolytic activity corresponding to inflamed regions. We suggest that well-known sequelae of the inflammatory response, increased capillary permeability leading to hemoconcentration and hemostasis, result in focal hypoxic stimulation of anaerobic glycolysis. This observation calls attention to ischemia as an important determinant of histopathological and clinical etiology of various inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system. PMID- 6603600 TI - Generation mechanism of the negative endocochlear potential during early stage of anoxia. AB - To investigate the generation mechanism of the -EP in anoxic cochlea, the perilymphatic space was perfused with solution of various K+ concentrations in 38 guinea pigs when the -EP was maximally reduced by anoxia. Although the perfusion of scala tympani and vestibuli with Ringer-Locke solution or that of scala vestibuli with 154 mM K+ solution did not have any effect upon the -EP, the potential was elevated to 0 mV when the scala tympani was perfused with 154 mM K+ solution. Furthermore, the elevation of the potential was less remarkable when the K+ concentration in perfusate was reduced. The level of the potential during perfusion was closely related to K+ concentration in perfusates. The present results strongly suggest that the -EP is the result of the K+ diffusion potential and this diffusion mechanism is performed through the organ of Corti. PMID- 6603601 TI - Otoneurological test results analyzed by means of a quantitative statistical method. AB - This report is a presentation of an approach to the prediction of cerebellar pontine (C-P) angle tumors and four peripheral vestibular diseases from a mathematical statistical point of view. The present study was performed in an attempt to quantify multidimensional, quantitative data. The data analyzed were from a total of 143 patients with C-P angle tumors, Meniere's disease, sudden deafness, vestibular neuronitis, and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Tests were carried out mainly on otoneurological parameters. By means of discriminant analysis as employed in the quantification method, the patients were classified in the 4-dimensional space. PMID- 6603602 TI - [Primary eosinophilic granuloma of the lymph nodes. Case report]. PMID- 6603603 TI - [Chemotherapy in the treatment program for histiocytosis X in children]. PMID- 6603604 TI - [Combined preparation of ergocalciferol and phenobarbital and its use in children]. PMID- 6603605 TI - [Herpes zoster in a 5-month-old infant, prenatally infected with varicella-zoster virus]. PMID- 6603606 TI - [Liver function in mucoviscidosis in children based on morphological and radioisotope study data]. PMID- 6603607 TI - Effects of guanine nucleotides on vasopressin-induced water flow and sodium transport of the frog bladder. AB - In the present study, we examined the effects of guanine nucleotides on vasopressin-induced osmotic water flow and sodium transport in the 14-h preincubated frog bladder. We also examined the effects of the adenylate cyclase cyclic AMP and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase system in the bladder's epithelial cells. Gpp(NH)p significantly enhanced vasopressin-induced water flow while it did not affect cyclic AMP-induced water flow. However, Gpp(NH)p did not enhance the vasopressin-induced increment of sodium transport across the frog bladder. The adenylate cyclase activity of the crude homogenate was enhanced by vasopressin, Gpp(NH)p and NaF. The effects of Gpp(NH)p and vasopressin, at their maximum doses, on the enzyme activities were additive, while other combinations were not. Specific Gpp(NH)p binding sites were found in the pellet fraction after 2,400 X g centrifugation. No direct effect on the protein kinase activity was observed in the presence of 10(-6) M nucleotides, such as GTP, GDP, GMP, CTP, UTP, ITP and Gpp(NH)p. Cyclic AMP stimulated the phosphorylation of discrete protein bands, however, Gpp(NH)p did not influence cyclic AMP-dependent protein phosphorylation of crude homogenate of the bladder's epithelial cells. These results suggest the guanine nucleotides stimulate the vasopressin-induced osmotic water flow in frog bladder by enhancing the vasopressin-mediated adenylate cyclase activity, so that accumulated cyclic AMP might activate cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase. PMID- 6603610 TI - [The guaiac test in the diagnosis of colorectal neoplasms]. PMID- 6603609 TI - The effect of changing free Ca2+ on light diffraction intensity and correlation with tension development in skinned fibers of frog skeletal muscle. AB - The relationship between the diffraction intensity change of the first order line and tension development was examined in mechanically skinned single fibers from the dorsal head of the semitendinosus of frogs. Passive stretch of the fibers resulted in an increase in intensity over the range of sarcomere lengths from 2.5 to 3.6 microns, indicating that the intensity is a function of sarcomere length. Activation of skinned fibers caused a decrease in the intensity, at all sarcomere lengths, where the thick and thin filaments overlapped. The magnitude of the intensity decrease and that of the tension development depended on the Ca2+ concentration in the medium. The drop of intensity-pCa and the tension-pCa curves showed a similarly steep S-shape within a range of 0.5pCa unit, although the intensity-pCa curve shifted to the left; the pCa for 50% decrease in light signal was 6.48 and that for 50% tension development was 6.40. Caffeine (25 mM) added to the medium produced a decrease in the intensity of skinned fibers with the simultaneous development of tension, thereby indicating that caffeine induces a release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and disorder in the filaments ensues. Changes in diffraction intensity with electrical stimulation to the intact single fiber were similar, although a more striking summation was observed in the optical response, as compared to the tension development. These results suggest that tension development upon stimulation can be monitored by assessing the magnitude of diffraction intensity decrease in the first order line, except for some shift in the short fiber. PMID- 6603608 TI - Effect of caffeine on the birefringence signal in single skeletal muscle fibers and mammalian heart. Possible mechanism of action. AB - Effects of caffeine on single fibers of frog (Rana pipiens) toe muscle and rabbit atrial trabeculae were investigated by measuring action potential, tension and the E-C coupling-related birefringence signal. Caffeine in concentrations of 1.0 to 2.0 mmol/l potentiated the twitch, prolonged the action potential, delayed the onset and suppressed the rate of the birefringence signal in skeletal muscle fibers. In heart muscle, caffeine at concentrations of 2-10 mmol/l potentiated tension and suppressed the second component of the birefringence signal. Although theophylline also potentiated tension and suppressed the rate of rise of the birefringence signal, other diesterase inhibitors, Ro7-2956, or stimulators of adenylate cyclase system such as dibutyryl cAMP or adrenaline failed to alter the birefringence signal while potentiating tension. Since the second component of the birefringence signal has been associated with Ca2+-releasing activity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the suppression of this signal and the simultaneous potentiation of tension by caffeine suggests that either caffeine depresses the rate of Ca2+ release or that the birefringence signal is not associated directly with Ca2+ release, rather with Ca2+ uptake. In either case, the results suggest that potentiation of tension by caffeine may be mediated by suppression of the Ca2+ reuptake process. PMID- 6603611 TI - Primary drug therapy: aspirin vs. the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. PMID- 6603612 TI - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome. A deadly new disease. AB - The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) represents a new epidemic of major proportions. Risk factors include homosexuality, intravenous drug abuse, Haitian descent, and multiple transfusion in the presence of hemophilia A. The etiology of AIDS remains unknown, but there is increasing evidence implicating a transmissible infectious agent and/or multiple antigenic exposures inducing a loss of immunoregulation. In a high-risk patient, the features of weight loss, generalized lymphadenopathy, and fever should arouse suspicion of AIDS. Diagnostic confirmation includes demonstration of reduced numbers of T lymphocytes with reversal of helper-suppressor T-lymphocyte ratio, presence of unusual opportunistic infections, and a progressive downhill course. The most common infection in AIDS is Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Treatment failures with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra) are common; pentamidine isethionate (Lomidine) may be more effective in eradicating the infection. In spite of initial improvement, recurrences of P carinii pneumonia and other opportunistic infections are common. In addition, other protozoan, viral, fungal, and atypical mycobacterial infections are frequent in patients with AIDS. Finally, rare neoplasms such as Kaposi's sarcoma and B-cell lymphoma, including primary lymphoma of the brain, are also being recognized as complications. At present there is no specific therapy for AIDS, and the disease is usually fatal. Continued research will hopefully result in immunomodulation techniques and specific vaccines to combat this serious epidemic. PMID- 6603613 TI - Overwhelming pneumonia. The causes and the patients at risk. PMID- 6603614 TI - [Hemorrhoids. A review of old and new knowledge]. PMID- 6603615 TI - [Detection of primary tuberculous infection in young children]. PMID- 6603616 TI - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and cellular immunity. AB - E+-cells were studied in 16 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) to evaluate the impairment of cell-mediated immunity. E-rosette forming cells (E-RFC) were below the normal range at the beginning of treatment in 10/16 patients, after which their number increased and reached normal levels in the majority of patients in three to six months. In this phase of therapy, the same result was obtained with OKT11 monoclonal antibody, while OKT+4/OKT+8 ratio was in the normal range. Normal human lymphocytes, pre-incubated with uraemic peritoneal fluid, showed a significant reduction of E-RFC. Maximum inhibition was observed with the less than 500 daltons fraction of peritoneal fluid. Extraction with chloroform almost completely abolished inhibitory activity, suggesting that the toxic substance(s) has the characteristic of a polar lipid. Immunodeficiency in CAPD patients seems therefore partly restored by the removal through the peritoneum of inhibitors capable of blocking sheep-cell receptors. PMID- 6603617 TI - Effect of thymus factor and levamisole treatment in patients with persistent nephrotic syndrome. AB - The effects of thymus factor (TFX) and levamisole on the clinical picture and some indices of cellular immunity have been evaluated in 10 patients with nephrotic syndrome due to membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis Type I. The patients revealed decreased T-lymphocyte number and impaired responsiveness to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation before treatment. An association between the slight diminution of proteinuria and the increase of E-rosette forming lymphocytes, increased responsiveness to PHA and return to normal of previously elevated B-cell percentages, was observed in four patients treated with TFX and one patients treated with levamisole. PMID- 6603618 TI - Identification of the molecular defect in factor IX Chapel Hill: substitution of histidine for arginine at position 145. AB - Hemophilia B Chapel Hill is a mild hereditary hemorrhagic disorder in which the factor IX antigen is present in normal amounts but factor IX biological activity is markedly reduced. Previous studies have demonstrated that purified factor IX Chapel Hill has 8% of the activity of normal human factor IX and that the activation of factor IX Chapel Hill is defective in that only one of the two peptide bonds hydrolyzed during activation of normal factor IX is cleaved. The tryptic peptides from normal human factor IX and factor IX Chapel Hill were subjected to analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography. Comparison of the elution profile of the peptides obtained from factor IX Chapel Hill and normal factor IX demonstrated that the tripeptide Leu-Thr-Arg, which is derived from the normal molecule (positions 143-145) immediately amino-terminal from the Arg-Ala peptide bond at 145-146 that is cleaved during the activation of factor IX with factor XIa, was absent in the digest obtained from factor factor IX Chapel Hill. The elongated "activation peptide" from factor factor IX Chapel Hill was obtained by further high-performance liquid chromatographic fractionation and subjected to primary structure analysis. The following sequence, corresponding to positions 143-147, was obtained: Leu-Thr-His-Ala-Glu. Thus, the primary molecular defect in factor factor IX Chapel Hill is the substitution of histidine for arginine at position 145. This substitution precludes cleavage by factor XIa at this peptide bond, and the activation peptide region remains associated with the light chain of factor IXa Chapel Hill. PMID- 6603619 TI - Naturally occurring cytotoxic human antibodies recognize H-2-controlled murine lymphocyte antigens. AB - Human sera contain cytotoxic naturally occurring (CyNa) antibodies which discriminate between lymph node cells from mice differing only at the H-2 complex. Sera from three healthy subjects (normal human sera, NH sera) and one serum from a patient with multiple sclerosis reacted with cells expressing Db, Kd, Kk, and Kp molecules, respectively. However, the following observations suggested that the binding specificity of these CyNa antibodies is to antigens that are distinct from the classical H-2 antigens: (i) the NH sera did not contain cytotoxic anti-HLA antibodies, (ii) redistribution (capping) of H-2 antigens did not induce resistance to lysis for CyNa antibodies, and (iii) individual variation was demonstrated in the expression of the murine lymphocyte antigens detected by the human CyNa antibodies. The reason for this variation appeared to be different for individual NH serum. A maternal effect influenced the expression of the murine lymphocyte antigen detected by one NH serum (anti-H 2b). The differences detected by another NH serum (anti-H-2p) appeared to be inherited, as shown by progeny testing. We hypothesize that the human CyNa antibodies may be directed against antigens controlled or modified by murine viruses (milk borne or endogenous), whose expression is under the influence of the H-2 complex, and that their production might have been stimulated by the products of human genes homologous to murine viruses. PMID- 6603620 TI - Characterization of rat hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor. AB - A polypeptide was purified from rat hypothalamic extracts on the basis of its high intrinsic activity to release corticotropin (ACTH) from cultured rat anterior pituitary cells and its immunoactivity in a radioimmunoassay directed against the NH2 terminus (residues 4-20) of ovine hypothalamic corticotropin releasing factor (CRF). Based on Edman degradation, peptide mapping, and amino acid analysis, the primary structure of this rat CRF was established to be: H-Ser Glu-Glu-Pro-Pro-Ile-Ser-Leu-Asp-Leu-Thr-Phe-His-Leu-Leu-Arg-Glu-Val-Leu-Glu-Met Ala-Arg-Ala-Glu-Gln-Leu-Ala-Gln-Gln-Ala-His-Ser-Asn-Arg-Lys-Leu-Met-Glu-Ile-Ile NH2. The hypophysiotropic potency of synthetic rat CRF did not deviate significantly from the potencies of the isolated native peptide or of synthetic ovine CRF. The close structural relationship between rat and ovine hypothalamic CRF is indicated by an 83% sequence homology. PMID- 6603621 TI - Long-term growth of human B cells and their use in a microassay for B-cell growth factor. AB - Normal human B lymphocytes, prepared from peripheral venous blood, have been stimulated with intact anti-IgM (mu chain specific) bound to an insoluble matrix. The activation event, in a subfraction of human B cells, was associated with subsequent receptivity to the mitogenic effects of exogenously added B-cell growth factor. The ability of the cell population to specifically absorb the B cell growth factor was dependent upon the time of stimulation with the anti-IgM. Continuous replenishment of the growth factor resulted in the ability to maintain long-term growth-factor-dependent human B-cell populations. These cultured B lymphocytes were shown to specifically absorb the B-cell growth factor, suggesting the presence of membrane receptors for it. The cultured B lymphocytes were routinely maintained in logarithmic-phase growth, in the presence of growth factor, with a population doubling time of 36 hr. These cultured B cells have been utilized in a microassay for the assessment of B-cell growth factor activity that is accurate, sensitive, and precise. PMID- 6603622 TI - The use of descriptive epidemiology in cancer control. PMID- 6603623 TI - The clinical significance of EEG in epilepsy. PMID- 6603624 TI - Cerebral blood flow patterns in epilepsy. PMID- 6603625 TI - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in the management of nonoperative intra-abdominal pain. A case report. PMID- 6603626 TI - [The family of the addict: critical review of the literature]. PMID- 6603627 TI - The MBHI: its utilization in assessment and management of the coronary bypass surgery patient. AB - Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States today. Coronary bypass surgery is increasingly employed as a procedure to prolong the life of these patients. A major problem is optimizing the management of this vast patient population which is composed of individuals who may have experienced sudden entry into the patient role. Central to this is the task of characterizing certain critical features of the psychological makeup of these patients so as to modify or eliminate negative behavioral influences. The MBHI, developed for medical patients, serves in both diagnosis and treatment planning, facilitating and, when needed, psychotherapeutic intervention. PMID- 6603628 TI - The natural history of radiation-induced proctosigmoiditis: an analysis of 88 patients. AB - The records of 88 patients with radiation-induced proctosigmoidosis seen over an eight year period were reviewed. Eighty-four (95 per cent) had been irradiated for a gynaecological malignancy. The peak incidence of bleeding occurred after a latent period of nine months from the time of irradiation. Twenty-five subjects (28 per cent) had associated injury to the urinary tract. A wide spectrum of radiological abnormalities found on barium enema is described. Twenty-four patients (27 per cent) underwent operations for radiation-induced injury to the colon and urinary tract. Operations on the bowel were attended by a high complication rate (79%). A clinical classification based on bowel symptoms is presented. Those whose only symptom was low grade rectal bleeding (Group I) had the most favourable outcome and of these, 35 per cent stopped bleeding spontaneously by six months. Patients who required frequent transfusions (Group II) had an increasing mortality rate with the passage of time. Patients whose predominant symptoms were pain and bowel dysfunction (Group III) had the highest death rate but some did well after an operative procedure. PMID- 6603629 TI - Low plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and serum calcium levels in institutionalized epileptic subjects: associated risk factors, consequences and response to treatment with vitamin D. AB - In a survey of 108 subjects with a history of epilepsy in a hospital for the mentally handicapped, administration of both phenobarbitone and phenytoin was associated with low serum calcium and plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-(OH)D) levels in female subjects only. Intake of phenytoin (as mg/kg body weight) in female subjects exceeded that in males by 22 per cent, whilst the intake of phenobarbitone was 37 per cent higher. The doses of phenobarbitone and phenytoin were each inversely related to plasma 25-(OH)D concentration, but anticonvulsant drug dosage did not correlate with the magnitude of the decline of plasma 25 (OH)D concentration in winter (November-February). No influence of sodium valproate was detected on serum calcium or on plasma 25-(OH)D levels. Limited exposure to ultraviolet irradiation (UVR) or oral administration of vitamin D restored plasma 25-(OH)D to normal levels and healed osteomalacia in a subject with tuberous sclerosis. In this subject, fit frequency declined in response to UVR and to a lesser extent in response to oral vitamin D, despite the attainment of similar levels of serum calcium and of plasma 25-(OH)D. Serum calcium levels in the other 108 subjects were lower in those experiencing the most frequent fits, but serum calcium could not be restored to levels found in subjects not receiving anticonvulsant drugs unless supraphysiological doses of vitamin D were given. Vitamin D deficiency in the epileptic population receiving drugs was assessed by the response of alkaline phosphatase to vitamin D administration. A consistent fall of serum alkaline phosphatase was found only if the initial level exceeded 175 per cent of the normal value established by reference to a population not receiving phenobarbitone or phenytoin. By this criterion five out of 45 subjects (11 per cent), aged nine to 36 years were vitamin D deficient. PMID- 6603630 TI - Prevention of interphase death in rat thymocytes by bisulfite. AB - The effect of sodium bisulfite, a specific inhibitor of chromatin proteolysis, on radiation damage in rat thymocytes in vitro was examined. Rat thymocytes irradiated with 1 kR X rays in vitro were incubated at 37 degrees C with 10 mM glucose for 4 to 6 hr. During that time development of interphase death as judged by erythrosin B uptake, release of low molecular weight DNA (free DNA), and reduction in cell size was measured. Sodium bisulfite added to the cells at the beginning of incubation exerted a marked preventive effect on radiation damage. The effect was enhanced with increasing concentration of bisulfite from 0.25 to 2 mM. The effect of bisulfite was reversible; i.e., removal of bisulfite from the cells resulted in the reappearance of the radiation damage. PMID- 6603631 TI - Effect of cordycepin(3'-deoxyadenosine) on excision repair of 5,6-dihydroxy dihydrothymine-type products from the DNA of Micrococcus radiodurans. AB - Cordycepin(3'-deoxyadenosine), a nucleoside analog, has been shown to enhance radiation-induced cell killing. In an effort to elucidate the possible mechanism for enhancement of cell killing, the effect of cordycepin on the excision repair of radiation-induced 5,6-dihydroxy-dihydrothymine-type (t') products from the DNA of wild type Micrococcus radiodurans was investigated. The capacity of M. radiodurans to excise nondimeric (t') products from its DNA was significantly impaired after cordycepin treatment. The results suggest that the increased radiation sensitivity of cordycepin-treated cells could be due to alterations in cellular processes that repair DNA damage. PMID- 6603632 TI - [Endoscopic obliteration of oesophageal varices]. PMID- 6603633 TI - Comparative toxicity of adriamycin and adriamycin-DNA in rats. AB - Adriamycin (ADR) can be linked to DNA without loss of its antitumoral activity while reducing the acute toxicity of free ADR (Deprez--DeCampeneere et al., 1979, 1980). However, the potential chronic toxic effects of both forms of ADR are poorly documented. For such a study, it is necessary to establish the sequence of treatment allowing the administration of a sufficient amount of drugs to induce chronic toxicity and a schedule leading to prolonged survival of animals. In this study, 24 Lewis rats were injected twice a week during four weeks with either free or DNA-linked ADR, and three dose levels were tested: 4, 2 and 1 mg/kg. Our results indicated that the total cumulative dose of ADR should not exceed 8 mg/kg over one month, if prolonged survival is desired. The binding of ADR to DNA seemed also to reduce the acute toxic effects induced by free ADR, in rats. However, such a beneficial effect was not observed when the chronic nephrotoxicity was considered since characteristic renal lesions were observed in all long-term survivors, whatever the dose and the form of ADR received. PMID- 6603634 TI - [Solitary ulcer of the rectum with massive hemorrhage]. PMID- 6603635 TI - [Open trial using soltrim in otitis media]. PMID- 6603636 TI - [Arthritis caused by Haemophilus influenzae in an adult]. PMID- 6603637 TI - [Jejunal leiomyosarcoma]. PMID- 6603638 TI - [Alpha 1-antitrypsin in the gastric and duodenal contents in ulcer patients. I) Levels and correlations with the pH]. PMID- 6603640 TI - [Tuberculin screening and BCG vaccination in primary school children in the Bas Rhin in 1976/1977]. AB - A campaign of tuberculin testing in standard fashion, followed by BCG vaccination in those giving an inadequate reaction, was carried out on all children in the Bas-Rhin department in France in their first primary school year for the year 1976-1977. Of 15,560 pupils enrolled 64.5 percent had already had at least one BCG vaccination. 12,820 had the standard test, the remaining 2,740 were either absent or parents refused permission. 27.8 percent of those vaccinated had an indurated area of more than 4 mm diameter, compared to 7.4 percent among those not vaccinated. 9,517 children were vaccinated or revaccinated during the campaign, by means of scarification of intradermal injection. 4,472 had a standard post-vaccine test during the following school-year: a diameter of induration of 4 mm or less was found in 28.9 percent. The proportion varied according to the doctors who had vaccinated them but was lower among the children vaccinated by intradermal injection. PMID- 6603639 TI - [Gastric leiomyoblastoma, manifested by subclinical digestive hemorrhage]. PMID- 6603642 TI - [Assessment of cancer risk in the work environment. Epidemiologic approach]. AB - There are two essential steps in the analysis of carcinogenic risks in the work place: first, a descriptive approach which might raise the suspicion of an agent related to the frequency of a disease or mortality rate and then the analytical approach, based on retrospective and prospective cross-sectional studies. Such studies allow proof of the existence of a relation between a carcinogenic product and the frequency of lung cancer. The richer the contribution of such studies, the more difficult their accomplishment. All these studies assume that certain constraints are accepted: a precise protocol, collection of correct data, choice of a relevant population to be studied and controlled when necessary; rigorous supervision of each cohort under observation in the prospective studies, provision made for distorting factors. Such studies ought to result in averting occupational cancers rather than detecting them when clinically or radiologically apparent. PMID- 6603641 TI - [Current progress and new or unrecognized risks in occupational respiratory pathology. Pneumoconiosis in coal miners. Epidemiologic and experimental approach]. AB - In a brief historical review the author shows that the delayed recognition of coal miners pneumoconiosis as an independent nosological entity was mainly due to an insufficiently experimentally orientated approach before 1940. The principal characteristics of the french endemic are described: a slow decline in incidence yet a continued elevated prevalence, due to the increased life span of the sufferers; the late appearance of the first radiological manifestations, most often after the working life of a Miner; a disparity of the endemic levels between mining regions without the reasons being fully elucidated. Finally the principal lines of current research are recalled which take account of new data on epidemiology and modern dust analysis processes as well as information collected in man using recent biological techniques. PMID- 6603643 TI - Ocular trauma treated by vitreous surgery. AB - One hundred three consecutive patients with ocular trauma who were not candidates for conventional ocular surgical treatment were treated with vitreous surgical techniques. Follow-up of the patients from 12 to 60 months following vitreous surgery, with an average follow-up of 22 months. Data concerning the timing of vitreous surgery following injury, the location and severity of the injury, and other complicating factors that have an effect on eventual results are presented. PMID- 6603644 TI - Bacterial endophthalmitis after retinal surgery. AB - Two cases of postoperative endophthalmitis caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis occurring in 10,000 routine scleral buckling operations are reported. Intraocular access of bacteria is suspected through scleral perforations used for release of subretinal fluid and for air injection. In case 1, despite vigorous treatments with vitrectomy, corticosteroids, and antibiotics, visual acuity decreased to light perception. In case 2, with intensive therapy, visual acuity of 6/12 (20/40) was retained. The visual outcome seems to depend on the rapidity of diagnosis and the promptness of aggressive therapy before irreparable structural damage occurs. PMID- 6603645 TI - [The inner ear and deep-sea diving]. PMID- 6603646 TI - [The use of soft drugs]. PMID- 6603647 TI - Tension-length relation of caffeine activated frog muscle. PMID- 6603648 TI - [Therapeutic embolization with polyvinyl alcohol (Ivalon). Clinical experiences]. AB - Polyvinyl alcohol is rigid foam used in pressed or unpressed form for the purpose of embolisation. It is suitable for both micro-embolisation in the vascular periphery and for central vascular occlusion. Polyvinyl alcohol will result in permanent vascular occlusion. Basing on the experience collected with 71 embolizations, the article reports on the technique applied and on the results obtained with craniofacial, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic and peripheral embolisation. PMID- 6603649 TI - [Erbium 169 synoviortheses and infiltrations of triamcinolone hexacetonide in metatarsophalangeal arthritis of chronic inflammatory rheumatism]. AB - The authors report their experience in the treatment of metatarsophalangeal arthritis of chronic inflammatory rheumatism by Erbium 169 synoviortheses (112 joints treated) and by infiltrations of triamcinolone hexacetonide (53 joints treated). The steroid appears to have a marked early superiority as it gives 85% good results compared to 61.6% for Erbium 169 after a period of one to three months. However, its results then deteriorate more rapidly and after 6 months, the proportion of good results is greater with the radioactive treatment (64% compared to 46.7%). The authors consider it reasonable to use triamcinolone hexacetonide as the first line treatment as it is easier to manage and less expensive, reserving the radioactive synoviortheses for later with the prospect of more lasting results. PMID- 6603650 TI - [Demonstration of antinuclear antibodies in Yersinia reactive arthritis. Apropos of 4 cases]. PMID- 6603651 TI - Radiosensitivity of haematopoietic stem cells (DCPC and CFU-GM) from cord blood. AB - The radiosensitivity of human cord blood haematopoietic stem cells was measured by assessing colony formation in methylcellulose cultures and diffusion chambers. The results show that fetal colony forming units, granulocytic, monocytic (CFU GM), are radiosensitive: colonies formed by electron-irradiated CFU-GM, both in spontaneous and in colony stimulating factor (CSF) supplemented cultures decrease in number in an exponential fashion with increasing doses of irradiation. Do values up to 800 rads were, for highly purified fetal lymphoid cells, 160 +/- 88 rads; for whole buffy coat cells, 155 +/- 75 rads; and for buffy coat cells plus exogenous CSF: 155 +/- 77 rads. Extrapolation numbers (N) approached the value of 1. Among cord blood diffusion chambers progenitor cells (DCPC), radiosensitive and radioresistant subpopulations of myelopoietic stem cells exist, as tested over a range up to 1500 rads. Monocytopoietic CFU-D are radioresistant. PMID- 6603652 TI - HLA-DR3- and HLA-DR7-restricted T-cell hyporesponsiveness to gluten antigen: a clue to the aetiology of coeliac disease? AB - Coeliac disease (CD) is strongly associated with the human class-II HLA determinants HLA-DR3 and -DR7. We investigated the relative frequency of gluten reactive T cells from DR3- or DR7-positive. CD patients and healthy controls who were heterozygous at the DR locus. We found a consistently and significantly lower frequency of gluten-reactive T cells when the antigen was presented by monocytes in conjunction with DR3 or DR7 than in conjunction with the other DR determinant of the T-cell donor. In contrast, the frequency of reactive T cells in these donors to other antigens was not reduced in conjunction with DR3 or DR7. These results indicate a specific immunoregulatory function associated with class II HLA molecules. The reduced frequency of gluten-reactive T cells in association with HLA-DR3 or -DR7 may be directly involved in the development of CD. PMID- 6603653 TI - Viral hepatitis among parenteral drug addicts attending a Danish addiction clinic. AB - 100 parenteral drug abusers attending an addiction clinic were studied for past or present infection with hepatitis A and B virus (HAV and HBV) by sensitive serological assays for hepatitis B surface and e-antigen and antibodies to HBsAg, HBeAg, HBcAg and HAV. 44% of the individuals had past HAV infection, which is 4 times as high compared to the general population in Denmark. 83% had evidence of past or present HBV infection with no difference between men and women. This is 30 times higher than in the general population in Denmark. 18% of the subjects studied were positive for HBsAg and/or anti-HBc alone, but only 3 of these were positive for HBeAg (3%). Serum transaminase values were often elevated but this finding could not differentiate between patients with or without HBV infection. Infection with HBV appeared to take place during the first year of the drug addict's career, and to eliminate this major reservoir of HBV infection the main objective will be to prevent new susceptible individuals in getting addicted. PMID- 6603655 TI - Transfer of beta-lactamase production in Branhamella catarrhalis. AB - A beta-lactamase positive Branhamella catarrhalis strain, B.c. 002 PcR, is described. The strain has the ability to transfer beta-lactamase production. The strain was isolated from nasopharynx in an adult patient with long-standing laryngitis. It showed atypical colony morphology. PMID- 6603654 TI - Combination of trimethoprim and methenamine hippurate in the treatment of acute urinary tract infections. AB - A new antimicrobial drug combination of trimethoprim and methenamine hippurate (TMP + MH) at 2 different dosages (100 + 500 mg and 200 + 1000 mg b.i.d.) was compared by a random double-blind technique with plain TMP (200 mg b.i.d.) and TMP-sulfamethoxazole combination (160 mg + 800 mg b.i.d.). Each of the 4 test groups of 40-47 patients with acute UTI was treated for 2 weeks. The successful response in the test groups varied from 91 to 98% and no statistical difference could be found between the groups. The side-effects were least common in the group treated with the lower dose of TMP-MH combination. PMID- 6603656 TI - Adaptive changes of the vestibulo-ocular reflex in flatfish are achieved by reorganization of central nervous pathways. AB - Flatfish provide a natural model for the study of adaptive changes in the vestibulo-ocular reflex system. During metamorphosis their vestibular and oculomotor coordinate systems undergo a 90 degree relative displacement. As a result, during swimming movements different types of compensatory eye movements are produced before and after metamorphosis by the same vestibular stimulation. Intracellular staining of central nervous connections in the flatfish with horseradish peroxidase revealed that in postmetamorphic fish secondary horizontal semicircular canal neurons contact vertical eye muscle motoneuron pools on both sides of the brain via pathways that are absent in all other vertebrates studied. PMID- 6603657 TI - Immune response to hepatitis B surface antigen: enhancement by prior injection of antibodies to the idiotype. AB - Anti-idiotype reagents that recognize a common idiotype associated with the combining site of antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) were used to manipulate the immune response to hepatitis B surface antigen in BALB/c mice. The injection of antibodies to the idiotype before antigenic stimulation resulted in an increase in the number of cells secreting immunoglobulin M antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen. Anti-HBs-secreting cells were also induced by administration of antibodies to the idiotype without subsequent antigen exposure. These findings indicate that the immune response to hepatitis B surface antigen in mice is regulated through an idiotype-anti-idiotype network. PMID- 6603658 TI - Corticotropin releasing factor decreases postburst hyperpolarizations and excites hippocampal neurons. AB - Corticotropin releasing factor in concentrations of 15 to 250 nanomoles per liter increased the spontaneous discharge frequency and decreased the size of hyperpolarizations after burst discharges in CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons of rat hippocampal slices. Concentrations greater than 250 nanomoles per liter also depolarized the cells. These excitatory actions of corticotropin releasing factor may involve a novel calcium-dependent process. PMID- 6603659 TI - Antibodies to human T-cell leukemia virus membrane antigens (HTLV-MA) in hemophiliacs. AB - Along with homosexual men, Haitians, and intravenous drug abusers, hemophiliacs are at high risk of contracting acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). An earlier study revealed that 36 percent of a group of the AIDS patients had antibodies to cell membrane antigens associated with the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-MA), whereas only 1.2 percent of matched asymptomatic homosexual controls had these antibodies. In the present experiments, serum samples from 172 asymptomatic hemophiliacs were examined for the presence of antibodies to HTLV MA. Such antibodies were detected in 5 to 19 percent of the hemophiliacs examined from four geographical locations, but in only 1 percent or less of laboratory workers, normal blood donors, donors on hemodialysis, or donors with chronic active hepatitis. PMID- 6603660 TI - Serologic profiles as immunologic markers for different clinical presentations of lupus erythematosus. AB - The clinical and laboratory features of 55 patients with lupus erythematosus (LE), grouped on the basis of six nuclear immunofluorescent pattern results commonly encountered in this disease were examined. Serologic profiles of antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-DNA and anti-ENA results can serve as immunologic markers in LE for a benign subset and two other groups with a different incidence of certain clinical characteristics. The large speckle-like thready pattern without antibodies to DNA or ENA is an immunologic marker for a benign LE subset, with generalized skin lesions with or without joint involvement only. Significant levels of the anti-DNA antibodies with the shrunken peripheral, peripheral, or leukocyte-specific ANA with a particulate pattern are markers for severe systemic involvement. The thready pattern with antibodies to ENA (Sm antigen) and leukocyte-specific ANA without a particulate pattern, with or without antibodies to DNA or ENA, indicate less severe systemic disease. PMID- 6603661 TI - Metastatic adenocarcinoma from the lung occurring as occult gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - We believe this is the first reported case of metastatic carcinoma of the lung occurring with occult gastrointestinal bleeding. Most small bowel metastatic tumors of various primaries are asymptomatic and are usually diagnosed at emergency operation. Since the prognosis is generally poor, operative resection should be conservative. PMID- 6603662 TI - Delusional symptoms associated with enlarged cerebral ventricles in depressed patients. AB - Computerized tomograms (CT scans) were completed on 75 melancholic depressed patients. Enlarged lateral cerebral ventricles were noted in eight of 36 delusional depressives (22%) in contrast to one of 39 nondelusional depressives (3%) (P less than .005). There were no demographic or clinical differences between patients with enlarged ventricles and those with normal ventricular size. The group of delusional patients had significantly lower verbal and performance scores on the Wechsler scales than did nondelusional patients (P less than .01), but this difference was not related to ventricular enlargement in the delusional group. The possible clinical relevance of enlarged cerebral ventricles is discussed. PMID- 6603663 TI - Identification of internal carotid artery stenosis in coronary artery bypass candidates. AB - Identification of stenotic internal carotid arteries in neurologically asymptomatic coronary artery bypass candidates is difficult. We correlated carotid arteriograms with carotid bruits in 422 vessels and demonstrated a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 65% with regard to the bruit's identification of vessels with a 50% or more reduction in angiographic diameter. The noninvasive duplex scan, used in conjunction with Fast Fourier Transform spectral analysis, had a sensitivity and a specificity of 90% in this same regard. Since there is only a 6% incidence of significant internal carotid stenosis in bypass candidates, Bayes' theorem used in conjunction with our findings showed that a carotid bruit was an incorrect predictor of internal carotid stenosis 87% of the time. The duplex scan was somewhat better, but still inaccurate 64% of the time. Thus neither parameter alone has a high enough predictive value to determine whether preoperative carotid angiography is necessary. However, if one limits duplex scanning to patients with a carotid bruit, the predictive value is raised to 92%. At the same time, there is minimal increase in the number of undiagnosed patients. Thus far this combined approach is recommended for preoperative evaluation of patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass. PMID- 6603664 TI - [Problems of medical care for construction workers]. PMID- 6603665 TI - [Congenital hemorrhagic diatheses in surgery]. PMID- 6603666 TI - Primary ciliary dyskinesia in association with Marfan's syndrome. A case report. AB - Marfan's syndrome and primary ciliary dyskinesia are both disease entities with specific criteria for diagnosis. Pulmonary manifestations of Marfan's syndrome, including bronchiectasis, are well documented, but the association with ciliary dyskinesia is unknown. A case in which criteria for both diagnoses were satisfied is discussed. PMID- 6603667 TI - Leiomyoma of the duodenum as a cause of acute upper gastro-intestinal bleeding. AB - A case of severe acute upper gastro-intestinal tract haemorrhage arising from a duodenal leiomyoma is described. The literature on small-bowel leiomyomas is reviewed, and the importance of gastroscopy in acute upper gastro-intestinal bleeding is stressed. PMID- 6603668 TI - Prolymphocytic leukaemia with leukaemic meningitis and extralymphoid tumours. A case report. PMID- 6603669 TI - [Analgesic effects of miroprofen in post-extraction pain]. PMID- 6603670 TI - Acoustic neurinoma presenting as subarachnoid hemorrhage. AB - A 49-year-old man who had been suffering from disturbance of hearing for 5 years suddenly developed severe headache, nausea, and vomiting. Computed tomography (CT) scans both with and without contrast medium enhancement, performed on the day of admission, showed a nearly round high-density area in the left cerebellopontine angle. A left transaxillary vertebral angiogram showed no aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation. Hemorrhage from a tumor in the left cerebellopontine angle was suspected. CT scan without contrast medium enhancement, performed on the 17th day after onset, showed only a small, ill defined high-density area in the cerebellopontine angle. An operation was performed on the 20th day after onset. The tumor was totally extirpated together with a clot. Histologically the tumor was an acoustic neurinoma with hemorrhage and necrosis. The postoperative course was favorable. Massive hemorrhage from primary intracranial tumors, especially acoustic neurinomas, is discussed. Radical operation on the tumor should be performed as soon as possible. PMID- 6603671 TI - Posttraumatic intention myoclonus. AB - A patient with long-standing intention myoclonus was treated with oral clonazepam, which resulted in clinical and electrophysiologic improvement as manifested by dramatic reduction in intention myoclonus and diminished amplitude of somatosensory evoked potentials after treatment. PMID- 6603672 TI - Altered postnatal mitogenic responsiveness of adult rat splenic lymphocytes following in utero exposure to corn oil. PMID- 6603673 TI - [Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: primary diagnostic and therapeutic measures]. PMID- 6603674 TI - Complement and the damaging effects of cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 6603675 TI - Comparative studies on thrombin inhibitors in experimental microthrombosis. AB - The influence of thrombin inhibitors, which differ both in their chemical structure and type of inhibition on thrombin-induced microthrombosis was studied in rat lungs. The antithrombotically effective doses and blood levels of the compounds correlated with their kinetic constants for inhibition of thrombin. In preventing microthrombosis, some of the synthetic inhibitors tested surpassed the effectiveness of heparin and approached that of the naturally occurring inhibitor hirudin. PMID- 6603676 TI - [Immunomodulating drugs in rheumatic diseases in adults and children]. PMID- 6603677 TI - [The Hemofec test--a prospective study in general practice]. PMID- 6603678 TI - [Acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. New aspects in the prevention and treatment]. PMID- 6603679 TI - [Substance abuse among adolescents. In relation to psychiatric symptoms in the individual and the health of the parents]. PMID- 6603680 TI - Concanavalin A causes changes in membrane protein synthesis of human thymocytes. AB - Human thymocytes maintained in culture for 32-51 h synthesize proteins de novo and incorporate [35S]methionine into specific membrane proteins. Radiolabelling patterns of membranes of thymocytes from different donors are comparable. Concanavalin A activation of human thymocytes in culture does not increase the rate of de novo protein synthesis of membrane proteins but causes specific changes in the pattern of synthesis of membrane proteins with time. After 32 h a radiolabelled band. MW 52 000, is apparent and after 51 h two additional radiolabelled bands MW 35 000 and MW 70 000 are detectable; concomitantly two proteins, MW 80 000 and 100 000 are no longer radiolabelled. These findings reflect changes in gene expression and suggest an acceleration in the normal processing of specific groups of membrane proteins. PMID- 6603681 TI - Cell surface receptors involved in the attachment of murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes to target cells - a study with xenoantisera to T-cell antigens. AB - In previous studies it was demonstrated that rabbit anti-mouse thymus sera (RAT) but not rabbit anti-brain serum (RABR), block the activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). The aim of the present study was to determine to what extent inhibition of the lytic activity of CTL reflects inhibition of the attachment of CTL to target cells. Following heat inactivation RAT and RABR were absorbed with mouse liver and kidney and tested for their capacity to inhibit the attachment of sensitized peritoneal exudate T lymphocytes (PEL) to various target cells. The exposure of sensitized PEL to RABR markedly reduced their capacity to form conjugates with either allogeneic or syngeneic target cells. In contrast, RAT inhibited only the formation of conjugates of sensitized PEL with the respective target cells against which they were immunized. Treatment with RAT had no effect on the formation of conjugates with irrelevant target cells. Additive experiments in which PEL were exposed to a mixture of both RAT and RABR indicated that the two antisera blocked different types of attachment. The inhibitory activity of RAT on conjugate formation could be removed by absorption with B-lymphoma cells but not with myeloma cells. Analysis of the correlation between the inhibitory effect of RAT on cell-mediated lysis (CML) and on conjugate formation revealed that the serum was about twice as effective in its capacity to inhibit CML as to inhibit the attachment of PEL to target cells. The results indicate that while RABR inhibits non-specific attachment of CTL which does not lead to cell lysis. RAT exerts its effect by interfering with immunologically specific functional receptors on CTL. PMID- 6603683 TI - Thymic acute lymphoblastic leukemia with helper activity. PMID- 6603682 TI - Characterization of the target cell for a thymocyte specific growth factor in guinea pigs. AB - A growth factor prepared from calf thymus has been described previously (Thymus 3, 289, 1981). The factor was shown to stimulate the DNA synthesis in thymic cells but not in peripheral lymphocytes in guinea pigs. We now present a further analysis of the target cell. Thymus cells were fractionated into subpopulations based on their different adherence to plastic, buoyant density and agglutinability by peanut agglutinin (PNA) and the influence of the growth factor on DNA synthesis was studied. The results showed that the responding cell was enriched in the population of non-adherent PNA-positive (PNA +) cells of low buoyant density. This cell population showed high spontaneous DNA synthesis in vitro, but did not contain the phytohemagglutinin-responsive thymocyte, which resided in the PNA-negative (PNA -) population of low density. The results strongly indicated that the target cell of the thymic growth factor is the immunologically immature proliferating thymocyte of the thymic cortex. PMID- 6603684 TI - [Immunity in the aged]. AB - The function of most organs decline in function of ageing and the immune system forms no exception. It has been shown that atrophy of the thymus plays a central role in these diminished immune reactions and also in two other immunogerontological phenomena: auto-antibodies and idiopathic paraproteinaemia. Already at this stage of our knowledge the information is of practical value in geriatric medicine. Immunological research can also contribute to our understanding of diseases of ageing and further our insight into the process of ageing itself. PMID- 6603685 TI - Vitrectomy for complications of ocular toxocariasis. PMID- 6603686 TI - Vestibular rotatory tests: influence of habituation, light, foveal fixation and retina stimulation. PMID- 6603687 TI - Successful cardiac bypass surgery in the presence of a potent cold agglutinin without plasma exchange. PMID- 6603688 TI - A function for human T200 in natural killer cytolysis. AB - The ability of an antihuman T200 monoclonal antibody, F2.5, to specifically inhibit in vitro human natural killer cell-mediated lysis of K562 target cells is demonstrated. No inhibition by the F2.5 antibody of a cytotoxic T lymphocyte response to autologous virus-infected cells could be shown. Direct binding studies indicated that F2.5 antibody-coated effector cells had a reduced capacity to bind to K562 target cells, suggesting that T200 has a function in the recognition and binding of the natural killer cell to its target cell. This is the first time a role for human T200 and identification of a functional natural killer cell receptor have been described. PMID- 6603689 TI - Differential ability of murine trophoblast and embryonic cells to induce cytotoxic lymphocytes in vitro. PMID- 6603690 TI - Definition of medial histocompatibility antigens. PMID- 6603691 TI - On the anomalous nature of the major histocompatibility complex in Syrian hamsters, Hm-1. PMID- 6603692 TI - Class II antigens. PMID- 6603693 TI - Lymphocyte differentiation antigens. PMID- 6603694 TI - On the role of the thymus during the generation of antigen-specific MHC restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursors. PMID- 6603695 TI - Visual display of progress for the severely undernourished child. PMID- 6603696 TI - [Effect of inhibitors of energy metabolism and protein synthesis on the process of neutral red segregation in frog erythrocytes]. AB - Effects of inhibitors of energy metabolism and protein synthesis on Neutral red segregation in frog erythrocytes were studied. Inhibitors of both glycolysis and respiration significantly reduced formation of segregation zones. This influence was most striking with antimycin A, rotenone and cyanide. This indicates that intact respiratory pathways may play an important part in the process of Neutral red segregation. Such uncouplers as FCCP (carbonyl cyanide p trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone) and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) as well as inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation (arsenate and azide) are also very effective in inhibiting the Neutral red segregation at low concentrations. The effects of these uncouplers and of olygomycin suggest an important role of ATP as an energy source for the segregation process. An inhibitor of protein synthesis, such as cycloheximide, produces some reduction in segregation zones formation. Trapping of Neutral red by protonation could readily explain the high level of this dye accumulation in nucleated erythrocytes. The fact that low concentrations of FCCP and DNP inhibit the process of segregation brings a supporting evidence for the possibility of the ATP-driven proton pump involved in Neutral red segregation. PMID- 6603697 TI - [Dependence of the rate of development of Zenker's necrosis in the fibers of the frog sartorius muscle on the concentration of chloral hydrate, urea and urethane]. AB - The spreading necrosis in dissected m. sartorius of Rana temporaria changes its speed in the phasic mode in relation to the concentrations of chloral hydrate, urea and uretan, added to the Ringer solution. The number and size of the phases are also dependent on the temperature and the initial physiological state. The concentrations of the above chemicals decelerating necrosis are 2-4 times less than those that increase the survival time of isolated muscles. PMID- 6603698 TI - [Rheumatic diseases in general practice. I. Occurrence of 7 kinds of inflammatory rheumatic diseases in general practice and in hospital]. PMID- 6603699 TI - [Rheumatic diseases in general practice. II. Therapeutic possibilities with special reference to rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6603700 TI - A biologically compatible implantable ultrasonic marker. AB - An implantable passive ultrasonic marker has been developed which can be detected with a conventional pulse echo imaging system. The marker consists of a planar array of 1/16 in. diameter stainless steel (316L) spheres and produces a distinct and characteristic reflection signature due to reverbation within the spheres. The marker has undergone both in vitro and in vivo tests and is biologically compatible for chronic implantation. It is consistently detectable at depths up to 10 cm from the transducer. An application to the detection of flow conditions in aortocoronary bypass grafts is suggested. PMID- 6603701 TI - [Direct electrical stimulation of the prostate in chronic prostatitis]. PMID- 6603702 TI - Prophylactic antimicrobial treatment in transurethral prostatectomy. How long should it be instituted? AB - Eighty-one patients with proved preoperative sterile urine and undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate were studied. The patients were divided into 3 groups: group A received sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (ST) preoperatively and postoperatively for ten days; group B received ST in 2 divided doses, one pre and one postoperatively; group C received no prophylaxis. In groups A and B, we found urinary infection in 3.8 per cent of patients compared with 32 per cent in group C. Performing prostatic chip cultures, we found that most urinary infections were unrelated to a prostatic source. When the prostate was infected, 75 per cent had infected urine postoperatively. We believe that prophylactic antimicrobial treatment should be given to all patients undergoing transurethral prostatectomy. However, it seems that immediate perioperative treatment suffices. PMID- 6603703 TI - [Applications of the Soviet ultrasonic phacofragmentor in eye surgery (report 1)]. PMID- 6603704 TI - [The role of cellular immunity in blunt eye injury]. PMID- 6603705 TI - [Intravascular occlusion in hemorrhages from varicose gastric and esophageal veins]. AB - Endovascular occlusion of the veins which carry the retrograde outflow of blood from the portal system into the system of the superior caval vein through the varicose dilated esophageal veins is known to be one of the most effective methods to stop profuse bleedings due to a disturbed integrity of the varicose dilated veins of the esophagus. It is thought to be expedient to add injections of thrombin to embolization. When performing embolization of the splenic artery it is necessary to exclude possible development of the resulting collateral blood flow via the spleen. PMID- 6603706 TI - Outbreaks of Salmonella newport infection in dairy herds and their relationship to management and contamination of the environment. AB - Two outbreaks of Salmonella newport infection in dairy herds are described which were characterised by haemorrhagic enteritis. The history of the outbreaks, the extent of the losses, clinical and laboratory findings and treatment are described. The first herd consisted of 193 cattle, of which seven died, three aborted and another 84 required treatment. Salmonellosis persisted over 14 months throughout the summer on a paddock grazing system and continued during the following winter when the herd was loose housed. The relationship of the commencement of clinical disease to dietary changes and to the time of calving is described, as are the problems in controlling the disease. The second herd consisted of 98 milking cows and a few beef animals. One cow died and two aborted; altogether 18 were clinically affected. The epidemiology of the disease and the geographical relationship between the two farms is described. Extensive contamination of streams occurred and one cow died on a neighbouring third farm. In contact humans were found to be excreting the organism. The public health significance of the outbreak is discussed because bulk milk samples were contaminated with salmonellae for 10 months and local streams were polluted with human sewage. PMID- 6603707 TI - Acute fatal haemorrhagic syndrome in dairy cows. PMID- 6603708 TI - Densitometric measurement of human cone photopigment kinetics. AB - We measured the radiance response function for steady state bleaching lights and the regeneration of the cone visual photopigments using the continuous recording densitometer described by v. Norren and v.d. Kraats. Measurements made on 5 deuteranopes, 1 protanope and 2 color-normal observers were similar. The radiance response function was steeper than the function predicted by a simple first-order kinetic equation. For a measured density (ca 0.3) we evaluated whether high stray light (ca 47.5%) and high two-way optical density (ca 1.3) could account for the deviation from the prediction of a first-order equation. Such a model was rejected because these parameters predicted different estimates of the time course of regeneration for different test wavelengths (554 and 605 nm). Statistical analysis of the regeneration data revealed a highly significant non linearity. A model in which the rate of regeneration increases as the proportion of bleached photopigment decreases is required to explain both the radiance function and the regeneration data. PMID- 6603709 TI - [Functional disorders of the stato-acoustic apparatus in chronic alcoholics]. PMID- 6603710 TI - [Chromatographic method for quantitative determination of cordycepin in rat brain tissue after intraperitoneal injection of the antibiotic]. AB - A procedure is developed for quantitative estimation of intraperitoneally administered unlabelled cordycepin in acid soluble pool isolated from rat brain tissue. The fraction containing 2'- and 3'-deoxyriboadenosine (cordycepin) in acid soluble pool of rat brain was isolated after consecutive chromatography on columns of Dowex 1 X 8, Dihydroxyboryl-SP 500 and Sephasorb-HP. At the same time, 2'-deoxyriboadenosine was isolated from the acid soluble pool fraction of control animals. Content of the antibiotic in brain tissue was estimated by its difference in these two fractions (control/experiment). PMID- 6603711 TI - Prevention of Rh haemolytic disease by immunoglobulin anti-D. PMID- 6603712 TI - [The endocrine function of the thymus in patients with melanoblastoma of the skin]. PMID- 6603713 TI - [Indices of the T- and B-immunity systems in goiter patients]. PMID- 6603715 TI - [The value of infrared telethermography in the evaluation of changes in the locomotor apparatus especially in chronic rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6603714 TI - Noninvasive diagnosis of left atrial myxoma. PMID- 6603716 TI - [Intraocular penetration of netilmicin]. AB - The penetration of netilmicin, a semisynthetic aminoglycosid into the primary human aqueous humor was determined. The antibacterial spectrum of netilmicin is adequate to gentamicin. The efficacy also covers gentamicin resistant strains. After intramuscular injection of 5 mg/kg body weight aqueous levels higher than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter and Proteus morganii were obtained. In the therapy of bacterial endophthalmitis the synergistic effect of netilmicin with beta-Lactam antibiotics in the form of a combined therapy should be made use of. For perioperative prophylaxis the newer aminoglycosids are not indicated because there is the danger of a development of resistant strains. PMID- 6603717 TI - Plasmapheresis in the treatment of myasthenia gravis. AB - Between 1978 and 1980, 10 patients with myasthenia gravis underwent treatment by plasmapheresis. Of these, 7 responded to plasma exchange. Pre- and post-exchange anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody concentrations were found to be a useful parameter for intraindividual comparisons, but failed to correlate with the stage of the disease. Anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody assays cannot be replaced by determinations of IgG and globulin concentrations. In view of the potential risks and of the high cost factor, plasmapheresis should be reserved for particularly severe cases for obtaining transient clinical improvement in life threatening situations. PMID- 6603718 TI - [Once again: controlled clinical trials]. PMID- 6603719 TI - [Drug-induced hemorrhages of the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 6603720 TI - [What does the Krypto-Haem test accomplish in occult hemorrhage from the large intestine?]. PMID- 6603721 TI - [Syphilis serology from a premunitive viewpoint - possibilities and problems]. PMID- 6603722 TI - [Oral symptoms. Anamnesis - diagnosis - significance]. PMID- 6603723 TI - [Therapy-monitoring control of subjective feelings in rheumatic patients]. AB - A significant psychological aspect of rheumatic disease is the subjective emotional feeling in general and the pain stress in particular. The question as to what extent therapeutic measures are able to ease psychic stress was best to be answered by means of continuous observation. In this work, a study of 19 rheumatic patients during a treatment at a spa is presented. Moreover, this demonstrates the possibility of validating the physician's concluding opinion on the basis of the patient's subjective emotional self-judgement during the process of treatment. PMID- 6603724 TI - [Variability of the highest levels of chromosome organization in vertebrates]. AB - Biochemical assay of the length of the element of the highest level of compactization of deoxyribonucleoprotein fibril, i.e. the loop, in interphasic chromosomes of the liver of some animals (rat, cat, hen, pigeon, tortoise, frog) reveals significant variation of the magnitude of this value. The smallest length of the loop among the organisms investigated was found in tortoise chromosomes--5 -6 X 10(3) nucleotide pairs. The length of the loop structures in mammalian chromosomes (rats, cats) is equal to 45-75 X 10(3) nucleotide pairs. In birds and amphibians, chromosomes exhibit an intermediate size of the loop element as compared to chromosomes from mammals and reptiles. Possible connection between the length of the loop structures and chromosomal diameter is discussed together with the "anomalous" size of chromosomal loops in the frog. PMID- 6603725 TI - [Morphofunctional and histochemical characteristics of the hindlimb muscles of the Rana temporaria in ontogeny]. AB - Mixed muscles of adult frogs respond to the increase in external potassium and to Ach by polyphasic contracture which is due to asynchronous activity of various groups of muscle fibers (fast phasic, intermediate and tonic ones). In the developing in vivo hindlimb muscles, the predominance of phasic contractile response and relatively weak tonic one were noted. In contrast to definitive muscles, in which maximum potassium and acetylcholine contractures are identical, growing muscles produce weak contractile reaction to Ach. Ach sensitivity of the developing muscles (as revealed by the contracture) is lower than in the definitive ones. Histochemical (studies on the lipid content and the activity of succinate dehydrogenase) and morphometric (the ratio of muscle fibers of different types at different stages of development, comparison of their diameters, relative size of tonic bundle, etc.) studies indicate that the development of morphological substrate for tonic contractions (tonic and intermediate muscle fibers) takes place at a lower rate as compared to the development of the substrate for phasic contractions. However, histochemically tonic fibers may be revealed already at the stage of myotubes. PMID- 6603726 TI - [Amino acids as olfactory stimuli in the Rana temporaria]. AB - Stimulation of the olfactory receptors in the frog by 10(-3) and 10(-4) M solutions of 22 amino acids results in generation of slow potential and evoked waves in the olfactory bulb. The amplitude, duration and area of the slow potential, as well as the frequency of onset of the induced waves served as an index of effectiveness of the amino acids. All the amino acids were shown to be the effective stimuli, the irreplaceable ones being more effective as compared with the replaceable amino acids. Among the former, basic amino acids (lysine, histidine, arginine) were most effective. PMID- 6603727 TI - [Effect of the hypothalamus on the diurnal rhythm of heart rate in the Rana temporaria]. AB - Computer treatment of the continuous row of R-R intervals of the ECG revealed the general pattern and masked periodicity of the diurnal dynamics of the heart rate in the frog Rana temporaria. It was found that in day time intact frogs exhibit tonic decrease of the heart rate with a maximum at about 12 a.m. At night, there is a tendency to tachycardia with a maximum at about 4 a.m. This periodicity of the heart rate is monitored mainly by the anterior and posterior hypothalamus. PMID- 6603728 TI - [Mitogenic activity of Staphylococcus aureus metabolites in cultures of whole and T- and B-fractionated human lymphocytes]. AB - The stimulating action of the mitogenically active S. aureus metabolite (MASAM), described in earlier works, in the cultures of human peripheral blood lymphocytes, both nonfractionated and separated into T- and B-fractions, as well as the effect of macrophage removal on the sensitivity of lymphocytes to MASAM, were studied. MASAM was found to stimulate T- and B-lymphocyte cultures. The removal of phagocytic cells by means of carbonyl iron resulted in the enhanced sensitivity of nonfractionated lymphocyte cultures to MASAM, inhibited the response of T-lymphocytes to MASAM and had no effect on the sensitivity of B lymphocyte cultures to the mitogen under study. The comparison of the effect produced on lymphocyte cultures by MASAM and by the commonly used mitogen, phytohemagglutinin, demonstrated that after the removal of macrophages T lymphocyte cultures lost their sensitivity to MASAM to a greater degree than their sensitivity to phytohemagglutinin. The possible causes of these effects are discussed. PMID- 6603729 TI - [Drainage of the thoracic duct in the complex treatment of progressive forms of multiple sclerosis]. AB - The results of clinical and modern immunological studies (assessment of T- and B lymphocytes in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid and lymph) promoted the authors to operate (drainage of the thoracic lymphatic duct) on six patients with disseminated sclerosis to try to control their pathologically altered immune homeostasis. A rationale for a new type of pathogenetic therapy of progressive disseminated sclerosis which is tolerant to many therapeutic methods employed previously including immunodepression and immunostimulation is presented. PMID- 6603730 TI - [Rare causes of hemorrhage from the digestive tract]. AB - Some rare causes of intestinal bleeding, where diagnosing is difficult, have been shown. Cases of Meckel's diverticulum, leiomyoma and angiomas have been reported. The considerable help which can be expected from modern diagnostic procedures has been stressed, from screening using 99 m Tc Pertechnetate in diagnosing the Meckel's diverticulum and from selective angiography in diagnosing the other pathologic changes, mainly arteriovenous malformations. PMID- 6603731 TI - [Angiodysplasia - a cause of gastrointestinal bleeding]. AB - Angiodysplasia is a rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding. The lesion has a specific appearance - markedly enlarged closely grouped veins with short channels between veins and arteries. The lesion may occur on any part of the gastrointestinal tract, but it is most often located in cecum. Its clinical manifestations are predominantly seen in patients beyond the age of 55 years. Selective angiography is the most certain way of diagnosing angiodysplasia. It can be diagnosed by endoscopy too. Resection of the inflicted part is the most successful treatment. Sometimes endoscopic coagulation or embolisation lisation have good results too. Three patients with angiodysplasia - a 74-year man, a 65 year woman with angiodysplasia on cecum and a 63-year woman with angiodysplasia on jejunum are shown. The diagnostic and therapeutic problems of this rare illness are discussed. PMID- 6603732 TI - [Emission-computed tomography of the myocardium with the 7-pinhole collimator]. AB - 89 patients (78 with coronary artery disease, 11 normals) were studied comparatively with T1-201 planar myocardial scintigraphy and 7-pinhole emission tomography with a mobile gamma-camera. In 46 patients stress studies were performed, the other studies were performed as resting protocols. In 13 patients a correlation of scintigraphically determined infarct size calculated from the T1 201 tomograms with CK and CK-MB values (maximum values) in the acute infarction period was performed. 17 patients having undergone intracoronary streptolysis were studied to investigate the effect of this intervention. In patients without previous myocardial infarction (n = 35) sensitivity of 7-pinhole tomography was significantly superior over planar reading of images (83% for qualitative evaluation, 91% for quantitative analysis). In patients with previous myocardial infarction (n = 26) comparative sensitivities were not significantly different, although slightly higher, nevertheless the fraction of questionable findings was reduced from 9 to 4%, furthermore in 31% an additional information concerning size or localization could be obtained from the tomograms. Predictive diagnostic accuracy was highest for quantitative 7-pinhole tomography (91%) but not significantly different from qualitative tomography but higher than for planar imaging. Specificities of all methods were comparable. In patients during the acute phase of myocardial infarction a significant correlation (r = 0.76 for CK, r = 0.78 for CK-MB, p less than 0.01) was obtained with enzymatic markers of infarct size. In the group after intracoronary streptolysis 7-pinhole tomography was able to demonstrate a quantitative reduction of thallium infarct size in patients after successful lysis (23.5% vs 48.7%, p less than 0.01) although absolute quantitation is not possible with thallium-201 due to inherent biological limitations. Emission tomography using 7-pinhole collimation leads to an improvement of diagnostic accuracy in all patients with reversible ischemia and helps for better delineation of size and localization of infarct areas and could help in the assessment of interventional effects, as after intracoronary streptolysis. PMID- 6603733 TI - A clinical and epidemiological study of adult patients with epilepsy. AB - The clinical and epidemiological data of 1054 patients with epilepsy between the ages of 16 and 66 years are described. 70% of the patients were treated in neurological departments, 20% by their general practitioners, while 8% received no treatment. The age-specific prevalence was 430 per 100 000 inhabitants, the same for men and women. Hereditary epilepsies (pyknoleptic absences, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, epilepsy with awakening grand mal) comprised 16% of all the epilepsies; epilepsies with clinical primary generalized grand mal seizures as the only seizure type 32%, epilepsies with complex partial seizures 25% and epilepsies with simple partial seizures 18%. 8% could not be classified. PMID- 6603734 TI - Flash-induced nystagmus (FIN) and the vestibular system in the rabbit. AB - Flash-induced nystagmus (FIN) was found more often in albino than in pigmented rabbits. Incremental and decremental phase mainly showed exponential change in SPV, but linear change was seen as well with apparent time constant of 5-40 sec. FIN was unaltered by rendering the stimulated eye akinetic. Lesioning the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT) on one side abolished FIN and OKN responses from the other side. Bilateral labyrinthectomy led to a diminished response and after responses were lost. Algebraic addition was shown if FIN was combined with vestibular reflex eye movements. The gain of these reflexes was enhanced. FIN may be specified as a type of nystagmus that is evoked by monocular essentially open loop stimulation of the crossed ('subcortical') optic pathway. Direction selective elements in the retina may play a specific role in that their predominant orientation gives rise to abduction nystagmus during on/off stimulation by flashes. PMID- 6603735 TI - Vestibular compensation. Physiological and clinical aspects. AB - Vestibular compensation is achieved by means of a multisensory substitution process. Experimental and clinical observations indicate that patients, suffering from a sudden loss of vestibular function, should get an early multisensory training in order to induce adaptive changes as soon as possible. PMID- 6603736 TI - Vestibular signs and symptoms in Meniere's disorder: mechanical considerations. AB - Considerations of available evidence suggests that the vestibular signs and symptoms of typical Meniere attacks with return to normal function in the interval have mechanical causes as has long been advocated for their auditory counterparts. Membrane ruptures, the alternative explanation, are suggested to be the cause of the severe, and usually singular, attacks that are immediately followed by permanent auditory and vestibular impairments. PMID- 6603737 TI - Primary and secondary ciliary dyskinesia. AB - It has recently been shown that patients with Kartagener's triad and also some subjects with similar symptoms, but without situs inversus, have a congenital abnormality of cilia as an explanation for their chronic airway symptoms; this disease has been named "the immotile-cilia syndrome" or more correctly "primary ciliary dyskinesia". Studying 27 such patients, we have found daily nose blowings since birth, chronic-recurrent sinusitis, and chronic secretory otitis media highly characteristic features. The frequency of common colds was not increased, and most patients did not suffer from repeated episodes of acute purulent otitis media. The number of ciliated cells with immotile cilia was increased, but only a single patient had completely immotile cilia; also the degree of asynchrony within the single ciliated cell was increased. Electron microscopy showed a decreased number of dynein arms in some patients, and abnormal arrangement of microtubules in others. Some patients, however, had normal ultrastructure, and this appeared to be associated with a hyperfrequent beating pattern. At least three subgroups of patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia can be delineated based on the motility-ultrastructure studies. Bacterial infection tends to reduce the number of ciliated cells with motile cilia, and viral infection (common cold) gives a very marked and long-lasting reduction in the number of ciliated cells. This may account for some otherwise unexplainable subchronic symptoms from nose and throat. PMID- 6603738 TI - Functional histopathology of the human audio-vestibular organ. Euro-Data-Hearing. AB - The present paper describes the setting-up of a new project, sponsored by the Commission of the European Communities, to promote the study of functional histopathology of the human audio-vestibular organ. The project has the purpose of co-ordinating in Europe morphological research on the hearing and equilibrium organ and promoting the comparison of data from clinical, physiological and morphological studies in the field of hearing and equilibrium impairment. A manual (Iurato et al., 1982) has been prepared with the objectives of (1) stimulating clinicians to participate in the project, (2) encouraging the collection of audiological data for comparison with pathology, and (3) supplying clinicians with the necessary information about the technique of fixation and preparation of the specimens. The fixation procedures for the two major techniques of studying ear pathology: (1) microdissection and electron microscopy, and (2) embedding of the whole block for serial sectioning and light microscopy, are described in detail. Special paragraphs deal with the technique of fixation of the brain and with the technique of removal of the temporal bones and brain at autopsy. The instructions for delivery of the specimens and the publication rules are enclosed in the main body of the manual. Appendix 1 contains a list of the participating laboratories. Appendix 2 deals with autopsy legislation in the different European countries. Appendix 3 contains the sender's data sheet which supplies the instructions for collecting the clinical history of the patient and the audiological and vestibular data. PMID- 6603739 TI - Peripheral neuropathy in diabetic children and adolescents. A cross-sectional study. AB - In order to establish the general prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in diabetic children and adolescents, median motor and sensory conduction velocities and the peroneal motor conduction velocity were registered in 161 unselected diabetic children and adolescents and 55 healthy controls. The influence of the duration and the balance of diabetes on the results was analysed in the diabetic group. In the controls the age correlated positively with the median motor and sensory conduction velocity, but not with peroneal motor conduction velocity. In diabetic children, the greatest impairment was found in the peroneal motor conduction velocity, 49 patients (30%) had a value lower than -2SD below the mean normal value. There was a correlation between the balance of diabetes based on HbA1 and glucosuria, and median and peroneal motor conduction velocities. The median motor conduction velocity was independent of the duration of diabetes, but a correlation was found between the duration of diabetes and peroneal motor conduction velocity impairment. Motor conduction velocity determination of the peroneal nerve can be used both in revealing and following the abnormality in peripheral nervous function in diabetic children. Regular follow-up of nervous function test results may help in assessing the importance of good metabolic control in preventing diabetic complications. PMID- 6603740 TI - Occult bleeding from giant small-bowel diverticula. AB - Two cases of occult intestinal blood loss due to giant ileal diverticula are described. In one of them, ectopic gastric mucosa was found at microscopic dissection. In the other that was probably originating from a blind loop formation at a previous operation, multiple mucosal erosions, probably due to retained bowel contents, were considered responsible for the blood loss. Though giant diverticula are rare throughout the gastrointestinal tract, and usually cause symptoms other than bleeding, the importance of a careful search for this malformation in children with occult faecal blood loss is stressed. PMID- 6603741 TI - Proliferative human T cell responses to Chlamydia trachomatis in vitro. AB - The T cell proliferative response to Chlamydia trachomatis was studied in otherwise healthy persons. A suspension of partially purified C. trachomatis subtype LGV-2 particles was used throughout the study. Studies of cord blood lymphocytes demonstrated that the preparation was not mitogenic. The proliferative capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) and T + non-T cells from adults was tested; in about 70% a proliferative response was observed. The proliferative responses were dependent upon antigen presenting cells (APC) and were mainly mediated by T cells, even though B cells proliferated to a lesser extent. Using antigen-pulsed non-T cells as APC, a significant and consistent specific proliferative response could be obtained. High responders could be separated from low responders with different T cell concentrations. We also found that the T cell response was restricted by the HLA-D/DR determinants of the T cell donor. PMID- 6603742 TI - Interactions between ethanol and acetylsalicylic acid in damaging the rat gastric mucosa. AB - The interactions between ethanol (EtOH) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in damaging the gastric mucosa were investigated in urethane-anaesthetised rats upon intragastric irrigation. The addition of 5, 10 or 20 mM ASA to 1 and 4 M EtOH instillates strongly aggravated lesion formation in the gastric mucosa and mucosal bleeding. ASA enhanced the back-diffusion of hydrogen ions into the mucosa induced by 1 M EtOH, whereas gastric mucosal blood flow, which is thought to dispose of the back-diffused acid from the mucosa, remained unchanged, thus resulting in an accumulation of acid within the gastric mucosa. ASA did not further enhance the strongly increased back-diffusion of hydrogen ions induced by 4 M EtOH, but it effectively inhibited EtOH-induced stimulation of the gastric mucosal blood flow, thus causing an increase in the ratio between hydrogen ion back-diffusion and gastric mucosal blood flow. The simultaneous presence of EtOH and ASA did not enhance the rates of absorption of each from the instillates. The results indicate that EtOH and ASA have a strong synergistic action in damaging the gastric mucosa in the rat. The mechanism of this interaction may be an increased accumulation of hydrogen ions within the gastric mucosa, resulting in excessive acidification of the mucosal tissue. PMID- 6603743 TI - Diazepam, a highly effective twitch potentiator in isolated muscle fibres of the frog. AB - The contractile effects of diazepam (10-200 microM) were studied on twitch and tetanus responses of isolated fibres of the semitendinosus muscle of Rana temporaria (3.5-5.0 degrees C). Diazepam (100-200 microM) enhanced the twitch amplitude to 95-100% of maximum tetanic force and increased the rate of rise of force, the time to peak twitch force and the total duration of the relaxation phase. The maximum tetanic output was unaffected by diazepam but the drug increased the rate of rise of the tetanic force and delayed the onset of force decay after the last stimulus. However, the kinetics of relaxation was unaffected by the drug. Diazepam had no effect on either threshold, submaximum or maximum contracture responses to caffeine and to increased potassium concentration. Diazepam in concentrations producing full twitch potentiation caused only a moderate (ca 30%) increase in action potential duration. The results are in line with the idea that 1: diazepam enhances the twitch response by increasing the rate of release of activator calcium without affecting the rate of calcium resequestration and 2: diazepam acts by modulating a mechanism in the excitation contraction coupling that responds specifically to membrane excitation. PMID- 6603744 TI - X-ray diagnosis of intracranial tumours. Cost evaluation of the diagnosis before and after the installation of computerized axial tomography (CAT) at the "Institut Jules Bordet". PMID- 6603746 TI - Role of lymphocytes in the ovine response to endotoxin. AB - The involvement of thymocytes in the cardiopulmonary response to endotoxin was studied in chronically instrumented sheep. Four hours after the administration of 0.75 microgram/kg of endotoxin the blood levels of thymocytes were less than 25% of the control value, at a time when there was a marked fall in the cardiac index and a rise in pulmonary lymph flow. In a second series of experiments sheep were depleted of their thymocytes by the administration of antithymocyte serum. When endotoxin was given to these animals the cardiac output did not fall to the same extent, nor did the hematocrit rise as much as it did in the intact animal. It thus appears that the thymocyte may play a contributing role in the cardiopulmonary response to endotoxin. PMID- 6603745 TI - [Electrohydraulic lithotripsy]. PMID- 6603747 TI - The medical record as a teaching medium. AB - A major objective of clinical teaching to medical students is that they should see medical practice at its best and should be inspired to emulate and, indeed, improve on this. Medicine in old age is so complex that the medical record, a basis of good practice, is even more essential than in other fields of medicine. The Aberdeen medical record with its problem-orientated approach is described and examples given on the way in which this is used together with the relevance of these examples to undergraduate teaching. The system is particularly relevant to long-stay patients. The medical record is so important a part of the practice of medicine that there should be formal teaching on it in medical schools. PMID- 6603749 TI - Serial sonography of posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation and porencephaly after intracranial hemorrhage in the preterm neonate. AB - Changes in ventricular size and brain parenchyma were documented in 40 preterm neonates with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), who were serially examined for 3 weeks or more. Sonography disclosed a close relation between the severity of the intracranial hemorrhage and the development of progressive ventricular dilatation. Eighty percent of preterm neonates with minor degrees of intracranial hemorrhage (localized subependymal hemorrhage or subependymal hemorrhage with small intraventricular hemorrhage [subependymal/intraventricular hemorrhage]) did not develop significant ventricular dilatation, whereas all of the neonates with intraventricular and/or intraparenchymal hemorrhage developed moderate or severe ventricular dilatation. Spontaneous resolution of moderate and/or severe ventricular dilatation occurred by the end of the third week in about one-third of neonates with intracranial hemorrhage. Progressive ventricular dilatation was documented in 10 of 15 neonates with major intraventricular and/or intraparenchymal hemorrhage. The therapeutic implications of the findings are discussed. PMID- 6603748 TI - Reproducibility of mammographic classifications. AB - Wolfe's mammographic classification and a percentage classification are statistically evaluated for inter- and intraobserver bias and agreement by seven mammographers with a set of 200 xeromammograms. The results demonstrate significant bias and disagreement with both methods, raising questions about the clinical limitations of these or other mammographic classifications. However, about 90% of the percentage classifications of pairs of readers are within adjacent categories. This suggests that (1) more experience with precisely defined classifications and protocols, (2) the development and application of readily available instructional materials, and (3) studies to identify and evaluate sources of variation in such classifications may eventually lead to acceptable levels of reproducibility. PMID- 6603750 TI - Scoliosis after thoracotomy for esophageal atresia. AB - Progressive scoliosis was seen in eight children after thoracotomy for esophageal atresia. Postoperatively, all had had severe mediastinitis and empyema secondary to dehiscence of the esophageal anastomosis and required reoperation. Healing was accompanied by marked scarring and rib fusion; with growth, a scoliosis developed with the concavity toward the thoracotomy site. Most spinal curvatures appeared years after the thoracotomy and progressed rapidly at the time of adolescent growth spurt. Excision of fused ribs, spinal fusion, and instrumentation led to improvement in four patients. PMID- 6603751 TI - Z-shaped duodenojejunal loop: sign of mesenteric fixation anomaly and congenital bands. AB - Four children (ages 3-9 years) with intermittent abdominal pain and vomiting are reported. Upper gastrointestinal examinations revealed a sharply angulated to-and fro course (Z configuration) of the distal duodenum and proximal jejunum, rather than the usual smooth duodenojejunal loop at the ligament of Treitz. At operation this configuration was associated with broad peritoneal bands extending across the involved small intestine without an accompanying volvulus at this level. The Z sign is diagnostic of incomplete rotation, even in the absence of duodenal obstruction and with a proximal jejunum that may appear to be properly placed. PMID- 6603752 TI - Sonography of neuroblastoma. AB - Sonograms of 21 children with neuroblastoma were reviewed with attention to the following sonographic criteria: size, location, internal echo pattern, anechoic areas, and margination. Fourteen primary tumors were evaluated before therapy. All tumors were heterogeneously echogenic; all had poorly defined margins. Tumor calcification was identified in three, and 10 of 14 primary tumors contained discrete anechoic areas ranging from 0.5 to 4 cm in diameter. The average greatest dimension of primary tumor masses was 7.7 cm. PMID- 6603753 TI - Percutaneous nephrostomy in infants and children. AB - Percutaneous nephrostomy drainage was established in 28 children, predominantly for ureteric obstruction. Infection was the most frequent presenting feature (nine patients) followed by renal failure (six) and a combination of the two (four). A sonographically guided antegrade examination was first performed with a 22-gauge needle. Using a posterolateral approach, a 6 or 8.3 French pigtail catheter was placed in the collecting system over a guide wire introduced through an 18 gauge needle. Catheter placement was successful in every patient; in 15 children, no further procedures were required. Complications were uncommon and usually minor. PMID- 6603754 TI - Artifact of projection simulating a pelvic fracture. PMID- 6603755 TI - Sonographic and radiologic findings in campomelic dysplasia. PMID- 6603756 TI - Childhood hemangiomas and vascular malformations: angiographic differentiation. AB - Clinical and cellular differences between hemangiomas and vascular malformations in children have been defined. Hemangiomas are benign endothelial cell neoplasms that appear in infancy and usually have a natural history of proliferation and involution. Vascular malformations are errors of vascular morphogenesis that are present at birth, grow with the child, and never involute but often expand. The authors reviewed the preoperative angiograms of 14 children who had cellular analyses of resected vascular lesions. Hemangiomas could be distinguished from vascular malformations by the presence of a well circumscribed mass demonstrating intense tissue staining, usually organized in a lobular pattern. The vascular malformations, although angiographically variable depending on the predominant vascular channel type, were diffuse lesions consisting entirely of vessels without intervening tissue stain. These angiographic differences between hemangiomas and vascular malformations corroborate clinical and laboratory studies. PMID- 6603757 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of posterior fossa tumors. AB - The results of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) examinations in 26 patients with histologic (15 cases) or clinical (11 cases) diagnoses of tumors within the posterior fossa were reviewed and compared with x-ray computed tomography (CT). Most tumors displayed an increase in T1 and T2 relative to brain. All seven benign tumors were seen with both CT and NMR, although one of these cases initially was misdiagnosed on the basis of the CT findings. The extent of these tumors was equally well shown with CT and NMR in three cases but was demonstrated better by NMR in four. Calcification was seen with CT but not with NMR in two of these patients. All 19 malignant tumors were demonstrated with NMR. Two of these were not seen with CT. In 12 patients minimal changes consisting of a poorly defined low-attenuation are or minor displacement of the fourth ventricle were noted with CT, although much more extensive changes were seen with NMR. In three patients the changes were equally well shown with both techniques. In the remaining two cases, the extent of the tumor was defined more accurately with contrast-enhanced CT, where the margin between tumor and surrounding edema was better seen than with NMR. Mass effects were better demonstrated with NMR in 13 patients and equally well shown in six. Bony erosion was better demonstrated with CT in two cases. Hydrocephalus with periventricular edema was seen in five patients; in each it was more clearly demonstrated with NMR. The NMR diagnosis of tumors is discussed and relevant new developments are summarized. PMID- 6603758 TI - Nonunited ossification center of the presphenoid bone: pseudomeningioma. AB - Three patients are described; in two of them initial plain skull films at an outside institution were interpreted as demonstrating an anterior clinoid meningioma. Evaluation of these films along with further study of the skull base with complex motion tomography demonstrated a separate and well corticated bony structure posterior and superior to each anterior clinoid in all three cases. After review of the developmental anatomy of this region, it was concluded that these bone centers represent failure of the posterior accessory centers of the presphenoid to fuse with the orbitosphenoid. The features of these nonunited centers appear to be characteristic and should allow distinction of this developmental anomaly from a pathologic process. PMID- 6603760 TI - Enlargement of the right descending pulmonary artery in pulmonary embolism. AB - Pulmonary embolism often is undetected during life, even though adequate diagnostic procedures are available, probably because the condition is not suspected. Chest radiographs were reviewed for changes in the right descending pulmonary artery in 73 patients with confirmed pulmonary embolism and in 85 in whom the original suspicion subsequently was not confirmed. In embolic patients, the vessel, measured at four different levels starting from the superior venous angle, was larger during acute embolization than some weeks later. In particular, the two proximal diameters of descending pulmonary artery were significantly enlarged (p less than 0.01). This enlargement of the superior part was responsible for the shape modification of the vessel, which appeared to taper off sharply. Some weeks later, the artery took back its regular cone shape, tapering gently. In about one-fourth of the patients with pulmonary embolism, enlargement and shape modification were so marked that the artery showed a special "sausage" appearance. This feature did not occur in patients with unconfirmed suspicion of pulmonary embolism. Recognition of enlargement of the descending pulmonary artery may increase suspicion of pulmonary embolism; in particular, detection of "sausage" appearance of the vessel should identify patients with high probability of disease. PMID- 6603759 TI - Evaluation of the post-coronary artery bypass patient by myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and computed tomography. AB - The clinical utility of 201Tl scintigraphy and of computed tomography for the noninvasive assessment of graft patency and regional myocardial perfusion was evaluated in 24 patients who had undergone aortocoronary bypass surgery. Perfusion defects on 201Tl scintigraphy (reversible or new, fixed) correlated (100% sensitivity, 78% specificity) with occlusion or stenosis of a graft or significant new native vessel disease. Graft occlusion was accurately demonstrated by dynamic computed tomography (100% sensitivity, 96% specificity) but did not uniformly correlate with regional perfusion. Perfusion defects in the distribution of patent grafts resulted from progressive native vessel disease or graft stenosis without complete occlusion. The absence of exercise-induced perfusion defects in regions of occluded grafts was attributed to suboptimal exercise, collateralization, or noncritical native vessel stenosis. The two studies provide complementary anatomic and physiologic information in the evaluation of the postbypass patient. PMID- 6603761 TI - Fluid levels in pulmonary tuberculosis cavities in a rural population of Nigeria. AB - Pulmonary cavitation is a well recognized feature of adult pulmonary tuberculosis, but the presence of fluid levels in the cavities has been considered unusual. However, in 550 cases of proven pulmonary tuberculosis in a rural Nigerian population, 257 cases had cavitation, and fluid levels occurred in 56 of the cavities (21%). Positive Ziehl-Nelson sputum stain was more frequent in patients with cavitation and fluid levels: Sputum tests were positive in 69% of those with cavitation and fluid levels, 48% of those with cavitation but no fluid levels, and in 30% without cavitation. PMID- 6603762 TI - CT diagnosis of mediastinal and thoracic inlet venous obstruction. AB - The diagnosis of mediastinal or thoracic inlet venous obstruction can be made reliably by chest computed tomography (CT), and depends on the opacification of collateral venous channels during the continuous infusion of intravenous contrast media. The sectional anatomy of these collateral pathways is illustrated by examples from 50 consecutive patients. An understanding of this anatomy facilitates the diagnosis of obstruction of the superior vena cava or its major tributaries during routine chest CT. Although CT was inferior to contrast venography in opacifying peripheral collateral veins and determining the degree of obstruction, the information provided by CT obviated venography in most patients in this series. CT may be the initial procedure of choice in suspected mediastinal venous obstruction. PMID- 6603763 TI - Extralaryngeal causes of vocal cord paralysis: CT evaluation. AB - Computed tomography (CT) was used in 33 patients to evaluate possible extralaryngeal causes of vocal cord paralysis (22 left, 11 right). Neoplasm in the lower neck or upper mediastinum (lung, esophagus, thyroid, breast, lymphoma) was found to be the predominant cause (27/33). A negative CT examination correlated with a neuropathic (e.g., diabetes) or idiopathic etiology. CT proved useful in demonstrating or excluding abnormalities in areas that are difficult to evaluate by physical examination or conventional radiography, particularly the aortopulmonary window. The normal anatomy and pathologic masses involving the recurrent laryngeal nerve are illustrated. PMID- 6603764 TI - Cavitary coccidioidomycosis presenting as spontaneous pneumothorax. PMID- 6603765 TI - Infarction of the left main-stem bronchus: a complication of bronchial artery embolization. PMID- 6603766 TI - Angiographic confirmation of normal pleural thickness in right-upper-lobe collapse. PMID- 6603767 TI - Computed tomography of gastrointestinal lymphoma. AB - From 275 computed tomographic (CT) examinations with positive findings of abdominal lymphoma, 26 patients were found to have gastrointestinal involvement by the disease. The stomach was most commonly involved, followed by small bowel, colon, and duodenum. CT was found to be accurate in detecting wall thickening and complications such as perforation and fistulization. False-negative examinations occurred in two patients with small submucosal gastric deposits ("bull's-eye" lesions). False-positive examinations were seen in two patients with hypertrophic gastritis. The CT manifestations of gastrointestinal lymphoma, correlated with the barium study appearance, are the subject of this report. PMID- 6603768 TI - CT appearance of sclerosing cholangitis. AB - Ten cases of sclerosing cholangitis, both primary and secondary forms, were found to have similar abnormalities within the liver on CT examinations. These changes are different from those seen in cases of biliary obstruction due to tumor, stone, inflammatory mass, or other focal process. The finding of focal, discontinuous areas of minimal intrahepatic biliary dilatation without associated mass lesion seems to be highly suggestive of sclerosing cholangitis. Only the rare, diffuse form of cholangiocarcinoma would be likely to produce a similar CT appearance. PMID- 6603769 TI - Duodenal ulceration associated with monooctanoin infusion. PMID- 6603770 TI - Percutaneous aspiration of hepatic cysts does not provide definitive therapy. AB - Follow-up of 13 patients who underwent radiologically guided percutaneous needle aspiration of simple liver cysts revealed cyst recurrence in all patients within 2 years. While still effective as a primary diagnostic maneuver, percutaneous aspiration seems to lack permanent therapeutic benefit. However, it may be used as a therapeutic trial to confirm the origin of the patient's symptoms. The possible role of intracystic instillation of sclerosing agents was not studied in this series. PMID- 6603771 TI - Discordant hepatic uptake of 99mTc sulfur colloid and 99mTc-DISIDA in hemochromatosis. PMID- 6603772 TI - Postoperative abdominal sonography using a transsonic sealing membrane. PMID- 6603773 TI - Small angiomyolipoma of the kidney: sonographic-CT evaluation. AB - Small fat-containing intraparenchymal renal lesions, 0.5 to 1.3 cm in diameter, were detected by sonography and computed tomography in six patients. In five of the six cases, the lesions were found serendipitously. None of the patients underwent surgery. Follow-up studies, performed over a period of 6-24 months, showed no change in the size of the lesions. These small fat-containing nodules, hitherto unrecognized by imaging studies, are not an uncommon finding at routine autopsy. Since these lesions do not show growth in the adult population, surgical intervention does not seem to be indicated. PMID- 6603774 TI - Computed tomographic demonstration of ureterosciatic hernia. PMID- 6603775 TI - Double-contrast computed tomography of the glenoid labrum. AB - Imaging of glenoid labrum pathology is useful to help plan surgical repair of the dislocating shoulder. Eleven patients with suspect labrum damage were imaged with computed tomography (CT) immediately after routine double-contrast shoulder arthrography. Lesions identified included attenuation, tears, and displacement of the labrum as well as stripping and stretching of the anterior shoulder joint capsule. Surgical confirmation of pathology was available in all but one case. CT of the glenoid labrum is easy to perform, low in radiation dose, and accurate. PMID- 6603776 TI - The supine view in double-contrast knee arthrography. AB - Knee arthrography is a widely used diagnostic procedure, but there is disagreement regarding the relative efficacy of single vs. double-contrast examinations in the evaluation for meniscal tears. In 353 double-contrast knee arthrograms, combining supine positioning with the routinely accepted prone views, there were 222 meniscal tears diagnosed using prone positioning alone, and seven additional tears were found with the added supine maneuver. Even though the knee joint was distended with both contrast material and air, the prone views tended to outline the meniscus in a double-contrast fashion, whereas the supine views provided single positive contrast detail of the same area. Supine views are particularly helpful when an obvious meniscal tear is not fluoroscopically apparent during prone filming. PMID- 6603777 TI - Lateral view of facial fractures: new observations. AB - Traditional plain film evaluation of facial fractures includes a lateral view of the face. This projection is often not exploited to its full potential because the many overlapping shadows are perceived to detract from its usefulness. To assess the value of this view, the authors reviewed the later al facial films of 50 patients with a variety of fractures including 25 orbital blow-out fractures, 27 zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures, and 17 maxillary (including Le Fort) fractures. Three observations were encountered: orbital floor displacement in 60% of orbital fractures; malar strut displacement in 41% of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures; and maxillary wall displacement in 76% of maxillary fractures. The presence of any of these structural displacements, either alone or in combination, provides further direct evidence of skeletal disruption and should serve to augment the findings observed on frontal views. PMID- 6603778 TI - Percutaneous phenol sympathectomy in advanced vascular disease. AB - Percutaneous phenol sympathectomy has been performed under fluoroscopic or CT guidance in 37 patients with extremely advanced vascular disease of the lower extremities. The technique is simple and well tolerated by the patient with a remarkably low incidence of complications. Of the 37 patients, 14 (38%) showed objective improvement and none of the patients experienced worsening of their ischemia. Results to date suggest that this procedure provides a sympathetic blockade as effectively as surgical sympathectomy in these patients with advanced disease. PMID- 6603779 TI - A new percutaneous vena cava filter. AB - A new, percutaneous vena cava filter was developed and tested in 11 dogs. Nitinol wire (0.045 cm diam) spirals were straightened and passed through an 8 French Teflon catheter into the inferior vena cava. The filter resumed its original spiral shape on warming to body temperature and was left in place up to 6 weeks. Long-term patency and capture of injected radiopaque clots were demonstrated. This new filter design may be a simple alternative to currently used implants. PMID- 6603780 TI - Combined use of serum HCG and sonography in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. AB - During an 18 month period, 320 patients were referred with clinical suspicion of an ectopic pregnancy. This study is based on 19 patients with ectopic pregnancy who had both a sonographic examination of the pelvis and determination of serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) before surgery. Emphasis is focused on the spectrum of sonographic appearances that may occur in ectopic gestation. These are illustrated, and the sonographic criteria that have been used both for a positive diagnosis and for the exclusion of ectopic pregnancy in the past are analyzed. It is suggested that the accuracy of sonography can be increased by determining the serum HCG level on the day of the scan and by interpreting the findings with reference to the discriminatory HCG zone. PMID- 6603781 TI - Radiologic reporting: the description of alveolar filling. PMID- 6603782 TI - Source of spontaneous intravenous echoes. PMID- 6603783 TI - Radiographic appearance of bronchogenic carcinoma. PMID- 6603784 TI - Clinical significance of tracheal bronchus. PMID- 6603785 TI - Initial treatment of Hemophilus influenzae infections in children. AB - Life-threatening pediatric infections in which H. influenzae is the potential pathogen include meningitis, septic arthritis, cellulitis and epiglottis. Until the pathogen is identified, chloramphenicol should be part of the initial hospital therapy. This agent is effective against ampicillin-susceptible and ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae strains, and it reliably penetrates the central nervous system. PMID- 6603786 TI - Prolymphocytic leukemia with IgM hypogammaglobulinemia. AB - A case of prolymphocytic leukemia with IgM hypogammaglobulinemia in a 47-year-old man was presented. The leukemic cells possessed Ia-like antigen and receptors for the third component of complement but lacked surface immunoglobulins, cytoplasmic IgM, receptors for sheep red blood cells, or terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity. In vitro immunoglobulin production experiments demonstrated that the leukemic cells did not have the capacity to produce IgM, while patient's T cells were shown to possess helper function on normal B cells to produce immunoglobulins. By these findings, together with the presence of selective IgM hypogammaglobulinemia, it was suggested that the leukemic cells were derived from a B-cell clone of a stage in differentiation and maturation of IgM-forming B-cell spectrum. PMID- 6603787 TI - More on cutaneous lymphomas. PMID- 6603788 TI - Disseminated Aspergillus ustus infection following cardiac surgery. AB - Aspergillus ustus is a soil residing fungus that rarely has been implicated in human infections. A 72-year-old man who had undergone surgery for mitral valve replacement and triple coronary artery bypass developed progressive pneumonia with A. ustus. The infection had spread to other organs and finally was diagnosed at postmortem examination. PMID- 6603790 TI - Associations among cataract prevalence, sunlight hours, and altitude in the Himalayas. AB - The relationship between cataract prevalence, altitude, and sunlight hours was investigated in a large national probability sample survey of 105 sites in the Himalayan kingdom of Nepal, December 1980 through April 1981. Cataract of senile or unknown etiology was diagnosed by ophthalmologists in 873 of 30,565 full-time life-long residents of survey sites. Simultaneously, the altitude of sites was measured using a standard mountain altimeter. Seasonally adjusted average daily duration of sunlight exposure for each site was calculated by a method which took into account latitude and obstructions along the skyline. Age- and sex standardized cataract prevalence was 2.7 times higher in sites at an altitude of 185 meters or less than in sites over 1000 meters. Cataract prevalence was negatively correlated with altitude (r = -0.533, p less than 0.0001). However, a positive correlation between cataract prevalence and sunlight was observed (r = 0.563, p less than 0.0001). Sites with an average of 12 hours of sunlight exposure had 3.8 times as much cataract as sites with an average of only seven hours of exposure. Sunlight was blocked from reaching certain high altitude sites by tall neighboring mountains. PMID- 6603789 TI - Fecal steroid 21-dehydroxylase, a potential marker for colorectal cancer. AB - Eubacterium lentum and phenotypically similar organisms synthesize a steroid 21 dehydroxylase which converts biliary tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone to pregnanolone. Tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone, in contrast to pregnanolone, is carcinogenic for hamster embryonic cells (HECT test). In patients with recently diagnosed, untreated sigmoidal or rectal cancer the fecal concentration of 21 dehydroxylating organisms is reduced by more than 99% as compared with age matched controls. The lack of fecal 21-dehydroxylating organisms, therefore, is a potential marker for the disorder. The role of steroid 21-dehydroxylase in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer is unknown. PMID- 6603791 TI - HLA B27-associated rheumatic diseases with severe cardiac bradyarrhythmias. Clinical features and prevalence in 223 men with permanent pacemakers. AB - A 15-fold increase in the prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis in a group of 223 men with permanent cardiac pacemakers has recently been demonstrated. In this study of the same patient group, the prevalence of other related rheumatic syndromes was investigated by clinical examination and HLA typing. The clinical picture and electrocardiographic features of all patients with HLA B27-associated rheumatic disease (seronegative spondarthritis) were analyzed. Altogether 28 patients, 12.6 percent (95 percent confidence limits: 8.2 to 17.0 percent), fulfilled inclusion criteria for seronegative spondarthritides; 15 had ankylosing spondylitis. The seronegative spondarthritides previously had been diagnosed in less than 50 percent of the patients. Twenty-two (85 percent) of the 26 HLA-typed patients were B27-positive, implying a very strong association with this genetically determined cell surface protein. Patients with severe bradyarrhythmias associated with the seronegative spondarthritides were thus found to constitute a large proportion of the 223 men with permanent pacemakers. A high frequency of aortic regurgitation and all kinds of bradyarrhythmias were found. Twenty patients had complete heart block--in a majority, occurring intermittently, but otherwise without distinguishing features. PMID- 6603792 TI - Combined neutrophil and T-cell deficiency. PMID- 6603793 TI - Presence of H-Y antigen in female patients with sex-chromosome mosaics and absence of testicular tissue. AB - H-Y antigen was tested in five women with sex chromosome mosaicism and gonadal streaks. Three patients had a 45,X/46,XY or 46,X,der(Y) and two a 45,X/46,X, der(X) chromosome constitution. All patients were H-Y antigen positive. Lack of testis differentiation in these women may be explained by subthreshold expression of H-Y antigen, different H-Y antigen molecules, and/or different tissue distribution of the chromosome mosaicism. PMID- 6603794 TI - How effective is TENS for acute pain? PMID- 6603795 TI - How effective is TENS for chronic pain? PMID- 6603796 TI - Marijuana use during pregnancy and perinatal risk factors. PMID- 6603797 TI - Cardiovascular responses to verapamil during coronary artery bypass graft surgery. AB - The cardiovascular effects of verapamil administration during coronary artery bypass graft surgery were studied in patients with normal left ventricular function. Anesthesia consisted of morphine, diazepam, and nitrous oxide. Before atrial cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass, 16 patients received either verapamil (N = 8) 0.075 mg X kg-1 or an equal volume of its solvent (N = 8) administered intravenous over 1 min. Hemodynamic functions and serum verapamil levels were measured over the succeeding 10 min. Verapamil produced rapid reductions in systemic vascular resistance, systemic arterial blood pressure, and left ventricular stroke work index. The PR interval increased slightly and two of the patients who had a baseline PR interval of 200 msec developed a mild first degree heart block. Heart rate, cardiac index, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, central venous pressure, and right ventricular stroke work index did not significantly change. No measured cardiovascular functions changed in the control group. Serum verapamil levels peaked at 346.4 +/- 143.5 ng X ml-1 0.5 min after drug administration and then rapidly declined. Both groups of patients tolerated surgery and the immediate postoperative recovery period without hemodynamic compromise. Verapamil can be safely administered before cardiopulmonary bypass in patient with good left ventricular function during narcotic-based anesthesia. PMID- 6603798 TI - Effects of verapamil on indirect muscle twitch responses. AB - The effects on indirectly elicited muscle twitch amplitude associated with the calcium (slow) channel blocker, verapamil, with or without pancuronium were investigated using isolated bullfrog sciatic nerve-sartorius muscle preparations. Verapamil (2-8 mM) produced a dose-related depression of indirect muscle twitch height (P less than 0.05). Twitch response was depressed 11% below control by the lowest concentration employed and 86% by the highest concentration. Pancuronium (0.07 mM) depressed neuromuscular function 35% below control (P less than 0.05). The combination of 5 mM or 8 mM verapamil with 0.07 mM pancuronium caused significantly greater degrees of depression than either drug alone. Verapamil produced significant depression of twitch height in vitro in relatively high concentrations. The mechanism of action remains unknown. Verapamil possesses pharmacologic properties that may be unrelated to slow (calcium) channel inhibition. The reduction of muscle twitch height caused by verapamil alone (5 mM) could not be antagonized by neostigmine, calcium, or frequent washings. PMID- 6603799 TI - Hemodynamic changes during protamine administration. AB - Hemodynamic responses to intravenous protamine sulfate in 40 patients were evaluated. The dose of protamine administered was calculated as adequate to reverse residual heparin as measured by the activated clotting time (ACT). Thirty patients (n = 30) received protamine at a rate of 0.5 mg/kg/min and the remainder (n = 10) received protamine at a rate of 1 mg/kg/min. Hemodynamic measurements were made before protamine, at 5-min intervals during administration, and 5 min after completion of the infusion. No statistically significant changes in cardiac output, systemic arterial blood pressure, or vascular resistance were seen when protamine was administered to patients with good left ventricular function after cardiopulmonary bypass. However, in patients with poor left ventricular function after cardiopulmonary bypass, protamine infusion was associated with systemic vasodilation that was only partially compensated for by an increase in cardiac index, resulting in a 12% decrease in mean blood pressure (P less than 0.05). Thus protamine should be administered cautiously to patients who have poor left ventricular function after cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 6603800 TI - Mucosal and systemic immune response patterns in celiac disease. PMID- 6603801 TI - T-cell mediated immunity in food allergy. AB - There are many T-cells within the intestinal mucosa, and histopathology, applied to biopsies of intestinal mucosa taken before and after food reintroduction, provides information on possible cell-mediated immunity to foods within the gut. Food sensitive enteropathies occur in man and in domestic animals, particularly in the young. Our hypothesis is that these are related to a relative deficiency of suppressor T-cells. There is no evidence that T-cell-mediated immunity to foods plays a part in severe atopic eczema, even in patients with clinical evidence of associated food allergy and high titres of IgE antibodies to foods. PMID- 6603802 TI - Fatal gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to aortoesophageal fistula. PMID- 6603803 TI - Effects of dexamethasone and surgical hypotension on the stomach of dogs: clinical, endoscopic, and pathologic evaluations. AB - Effects of dexamethasone and surgical hypotension on the gastric mucosa of 15 dogs was evaluated by clinical, endoscopic, and pathologic studies. Dexamethasone produced acute reddening of the gastric mucosa with frank hemorrhage, digested blood, and possible gastric erosions, whereas dogs treated by surgical hypotension did not have marked changes in the gastric mucosa. Gastrointestinal disease observed in dogs with spontaneous spinal cord injury that were given dexamethasone and decompressive spinal surgery was not produced. The role of corticosteroids and surgical hypotension in the pathogenesis of gastric lesions and the potential for spinal cord injury to produce gastrointestinal disease is discussed. PMID- 6603804 TI - The alveolitis of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Evaluation of natural history and alveolitis-dependent changes in lung function. AB - Current concepts of the pathogenesis of pulmonary sarcoidosis suggest that a mononuclear cell alveolitis, comprised of activated T-lymphocytes and activated alveolar macrophages, precedes and modulates the formation of granuloma and fibrosis that characterize the disease. To evaluate the natural history of this alveolitis and determine the relationship it has to subsequent changes in lung function, 19 untreated patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis without extrapulmonary manifestations were studied at 6-month intervals over 10.1 +/- 1.6 months with bronchoalveolar lavage, 67Ga scanning, and pulmonary function tests to evaluate lung T-cells, lung alveolar macrophages, and lung function, respectively. In this group of patients with sarcoidosis, low intensity alveolitis (lung T-cells less than or equal to 28% of all lung effector cells and/or 67Ga scan negative) was much more common (80% of all observations) than high intensity alveolitis (lung T cells greater than 28% and 67Ga scan positive, 20% of all observations). However, the alveolitis can be unstable; 75% of all episodes of high intensity alveolitis spontaneously reverted to low intensity, whereas 12% of all episodes of low intensity alveolitis spontaneously reverted to high intensity. Furthermore, conventional clinical, roentgenographic, or physiologic studies could not predict the alveolitis status; the low intensity and high intensity groups were indistinguishable by usual criteria (p greater than 0.3, all comparisons). Interestingly, of the 51 alveolitis evaluations in the 19 patients, there were 24 occurrences (47%) where the alveolitis was "split," i.e., 67Ga scans positive and T-cells low (39%) or 67Ga negative and T-cells high (8%). In fact, 79% of all patients had either a positive 67Ga scan and/or high lung T-cells at least once during the study period, suggesting that most untreated patients with sarcoidosis without extrapulmonary symptoms often have some inflammatory processes ongoing in their alveolar structures. Overall, whenever a high intensity alveolitis episode occurred, it was followed by deterioration over the next 6 months in at least one lung function parameter 87% of the time. In contrast, a low intensity alveolitis episode was followed by functional deterioration only 8% of the time. Strikingly, while the alveolitis parameters (lavage and 67Ga scanning) clearly predicted prognosis, clinical, roentgenographic, and physiologic tests could not distinguish those patients who would subsequently deteriorate functionally. These observations should prove useful in understanding the natural history of pulmonary sarcoidosis, in staging patients with this disease, and in making rational therapy decisions. PMID- 6603805 TI - Animal models for Kartagener's syndrome. PMID- 6603806 TI - National case-control study of Kaposi's sarcoma and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men: Part 1. Epidemiologic results. AB - To identify risk factors for the occurrence of Kaposi's sarcoma and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual men, we conducted a case-control study in New York City, San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Atlanta. Fifty patients (cases) (39 with Kaposi's sarcoma, 8 with pneumocystis pneumonia, and 3 with both) and 120 matched homosexual male controls (from sexually transmitted disease clinics and private medical practices) participated in the study. The variable most strongly associated with illness was a larger number of male sex partners per year (median, 61 for patients; 27 and 25 for clinic and private practice controls, respectively). Compared with controls, cases were also more likely to have been exposed to feces during sex, have had syphilis and non-B hepatitis, have been treated for enteric parasites, and have used various illicit substances. Certain aspects of a lifestyle shared by a subgroup of the male homosexual population are associated with an increased risk of Kaposi's sarcoma and pneumocystis pneumonia. PMID- 6603807 TI - An immunologic evaluation of hemophiliac patients and their wives. Relationships to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - Recently, hemophiliac patients receiving factor VIII concentrate therapy have developed the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Because abnormalities of cell mediated immunity are found in this syndrome, we evaluated the peripheral blood immunologic status of 24 patients with classic hemophilia and 5 patients with factor IX deficiency. Both groups had decreased percentages and numbers of helper inducer lymphocytes (OKT4+) and increased percentages of suppressor-cytotoxic T lymphocytes (OKT8+) which resulted in depressed OKT4/T8 ratios. Abnormalities of the T-lymphocyte subpopulation were most severe in 7 patients with factor VIII deficiency with lymphadenopathy who also had increased Ia+ cells and profoundly suppressed lymphocyte mitogenic responses. No correlation was found between OKT4/OKT8 ratios or lymphocyte responses to mitogen and the amount of factor VIII concentrate used per year. Evaluation of five wives of factor-VIII-deficient patients who had abnormal OKT4/OKT8 ratios showed decreased percentages of OKT4 cells, but normal lymphocyte mitogenic responses. Serum levels of IgG were elevated in factor-VIII-deficient patients but not their wives or factor-IX deficient patients. We conclude that T-lymphocyte subpopulation abnormalities and lymphocyte mitogenic responses are depressed in asymptomatic hemophiliac patients receiving either factor VIII or factor IX concentrates. These abnormalities are most severe in otherwise asymptomatic hemophiliac patients who have developed lymphadenopathy. PMID- 6603808 TI - [Angiodysplasias of the colon and small intestine: a not uncommon cause of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. 3 cases]. AB - Three cases of bowel angiodysplasia with digestive bleeding were reported. In all cases, diagnosis was confirmed by arteriographic and/or histological data. Angiodysplasia of the colon was the most often an acquired and degenerative disease, and most commonly affecting patients after the seventh decade of life. This condition was a frequent and misinterpreted cause of bleeding per rectum in patients after fifty years. Selective superior mesenteric angiography, after colonoscopy (except during major bleeding) was the best investigation, showing pathognomonic images and specifing the site, often located in the caecum and/or ascending colon. Treatment was surgical, but endoscopic methods provided encouraging results. PMID- 6603809 TI - Learning from animal models of bleeding disorders. PMID- 6603810 TI - The effects of chronic DMSO administration on the spontaneous development of autoimmune disease in NZB, BXSB, and MRL/lpr strain mice. PMID- 6603811 TI - [Antibiotic penetration into the otorhinolaryngologic system in children. I. Comparative intratonsillar penetration of ampicillin and triacetyloleandomycin. Apropos of 61 cases]. AB - Tonsillar diffusion of two antibiotics was compared in 61 children, 26 receiving 100 mg/kg/d of ampicillin, and the other 35 being treated with 50 mg/kg/d of triacetyloleandomycin during the 24 hours preceding tonsillectomy. Drug levels were measured by a microbiological method. The mean ampicillin level in the tonsil was 0,84 mcg/ml for a serum level of 4,1 mcg/ml 90 minutes before sampling, concentrations being absent in the tonsil in 12 cases (45 p. cent). Mean triacetyloleandomycin levels in the tonsil were 12,16 mcg/ml for a serum level of 2,27 mcg/ml 90 minutes before sampling, concentrations being absent in the tonsil in only 4 cases (11 p. cent). Very high concentrations of triacetyloleandomycin as against low or no levels of ampicillin were therefore detected in the tonsil. This suggest that macrolides should be employed in preference to ampicillin for the treatment of recurrent sore throats, and tonsillixis, and for preventive treatment of acute rheumatic fever. PMID- 6603812 TI - [Negative laparotomy for chronic abdominal symptomatology]. PMID- 6603813 TI - [Pseudocysts of the pancreas simulating renal lesion. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6603814 TI - The effect of sequential versus multiple single saphenous vein aortocoronary bypass surgery on exercise tolerance. AB - The effect of aortocoronary bypass surgery on exercise tolerance in 34 patients undergoing sequential saphenous vein bypass grafts (seq. SVBG) was compared with that in 38 patients who had undergone single SVBGs. Postoperative exercise testing was carried out on average 23 months after surgery in the seq. SVBG group and 27 months after surgery in the single SVBG group (range 10-62 months in both groups). At the time of follow-up complete revascularization was demonstrated in 59% of the patients in the seq. SVBG group and in 50% of the patients in the single SVBG group. The improvement in the maximal load (MaxL) at the follow-up was 90.0% (p less than 0.001) in the seq. SVBG and 41.3% (p less than 0.001) in the single SVBG group. The corresponding increase in maximal heart rate (MaxHR) was 12.5% (p less than 0.001) and 10.1% (p less than 0.001) and the maximal ST depression (MaxSTd) diminished by 70.4% (p less than 0.001) and 54.2% (p less than 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups with respect to changes in MaxL, MaxHR and MaxSTd postoperatively. The changes in MaxL, MaxHR and MaxSTd in the completely and incompletely revascularized subgroups did not differ statistically. The exercise tolerance in this study was at least as good in the seq. SVBG group as in the single SVBG group and fully justifies continuing bypass surgery with sequential vein grafts. PMID- 6603815 TI - The effect of tamoxifen in intermediate alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency associated with the phenotype PiSZ. AB - Three patients, one with lung disease and two with liver disease, with intermediate alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency phenotype PiSZ, (plasma AAT concentration approximately 1/3 of normal) were treated with the anti-oestrogen drug, tamoxifen, for 2-24 months. Patients responded with 50-70% increases in plasma AAT concentrations. Progress of emphysema appeared to be retarded in one case but no improvement in liver function was recorded in the other two patients. PMID- 6603816 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of oncologic emergency due to bleeding]. AB - Processes of malignancy and hemostasis can in principal interact in both directions: that is, malignant growths could affect hemostasis and components involved in hemostasis could affect malignant growths. Interactions in the first direction are exemplified by the association of various types of thromboembolism with malignancy, including DIC in patients with disseminated malignant diseases. It is also noted that thrombocytopenia, whether due to crowding out of megakaryocytes by malignant invasion of the bone marrow or exposure to radiation or chemotherapeutic drugs, is a common cause of hemorrhage in malignancy. Depression of coagulation factors may result from obstructive jaundice or liver dysfunction. Since hemorrhage is a common symptom even in cases of malignancy without marked disturbance in hemostasis, it is of importance to rule out bleeding tendency including DIC by the results of "screening tests" for hemostatic abnormality. Massive hemorrhage may occasionally occur in patients with malignancy regardless of their hemostatic state. Treatment of these life threatening massive hemorrhages in patients with or without bleeding tendency is described. PMID- 6603817 TI - [Diagnosis and classification of hematologic tumors using anti-lymphocyte monoclonal antibodies]. AB - Many hybridoma monoclonal antibodies to lymphocytes of T cell and B cell lineage and of both T and B cell lineage and stem cells were newly developed and characterized. Lymphocyte surface antigens that appear at the specific stages of T and B cell differentiation were clearly detected by these monoclonal antibodies. These antigens were also expressed on the cell surface of lymphatic leukemias and malignant lymphomas, suggesting the differentiation stages from which the tumor was derived. Leukemias and malignant lymphomas were diagnosed and classified objectively with these monoclonal antibodies. Immunohistochemical approach with the antibodies was very helpful for diagnosis of malignant lymphomas. Since the cell surface phenotypes are often related to biological behavior of the cell, the classification was expected to reflect the pathologic expression of tumor cells, and to have relationship with the clinical course of the patients with lymphoid malignancies. In fact, it has been suggested that the classification of leukemia and lymphoma based on the antigens defined by the monoclonal antibodies is related to the clinical features and prognosis of the patients. PMID- 6603818 TI - [Clinical and hematologic features of adult T cell leukemia]. AB - Adult T cell leukemia (ATL) is a new disease entity with the following characteristic clinical and hematologic flutures: 1) Acute or subacute T cell leukemia in adulthood 2) Endemic in Kyushu and Southwest of Shikoku 3) Frequent skin infiltration 4) Common hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy (not so marked) 5) Mild or moderate bone marrow infiltration 6) Hypercalcemia 7) Typical leukemia cells with deeply-indented or lobulated nuclei and heterogeneous(pleomorphic) cells 8) No mediastinal mass 9) Ineffective ordinary treatment and short survival time Surface phenotypes of ATL cells were OKT 3(+) 4(+) 5(-) 8(-) Tac(+) and leukemia cells suppressed PWM-induced Ig synthesis in about half cases. Chromosome analysis showed the high incidence of abnormalities such as trisomy 7 and 14q +. ATL was compared with cutaneous T cell leukemia, T cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and lymphosarcoma cell leukemia in clinical features, hematologic and immunologic characteristics and the association with type C retrovirus. PMID- 6603819 TI - [Clinical features of adult T-cell leukemia]. AB - Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is T-cell leukemic non Hodgkins' malignant lymphoma; 73 percent of 199 non Hodgkins' lymphomas were of T-cell origin, and 58 percent of these T-cell lymphomas were ATL in Nagasaki, Japan. ATL cells are mostly characteristic in the specific nuclear indentations. These cells have a commonly helper T-cell phenotype on the reaction to the Leu series monoclonal antibody, and the cells showed a suppressor function to normal B-cell differentiation by PWM. Miscellaneous infections, probably due to T-cell disfunction have been frequently experienced in ATL. Pulmonary infections, especially interstitial pneumonitis, were characteristic. Bone destraction through osteocrast proliferation was suggested to be the main cause of hypercalcemia. Many cases with familiar disposition have been found in ATL and T-ML, and 3 siblings having ATL and T-ML were presented. ATLA antibody was positive in all cases of ATL and 63 percent of T-ML. Positive rate of ATLA antibody in healthy spouses and siblings of ATL and T-ML patients was high. ATLA (antigen) on the mononuclear cells of almost all the ATL and ATLA antibody positive T-ML was positive. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 2 cases of mycosis fungoides were also positive for ATLA. Probably pre ATL cases with low grade leukocytosis and the presence of ATL cell like lymphocytes and positive rate of ATLA antibody and antigen of these cases were presented. By the chromosome study of 14 cases of ATL, chromosome aberrations of No. 2, 3 and 18 were frequently observed. PMID- 6603820 TI - [Adult T-cell leukemia virus--introduction--]. AB - Attempts were made to find a putative virus causally related to ATL. A retrovirus was demonstrated in a T-cell line originating from leukemic cells of a patient with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) in and subsequent virological and serological studies suggested that the virus be etiologically related to ATL. This retrovirus was named adult T-cell leukemia virus (ATLV). This article reports the general properties of ATLV and the possible etiological relation of ATLV to ATL. PMID- 6603821 TI - [Electron microscopic observation of ATLV (adult T-cell leukemia associated virus)]. AB - The morphological structure and morphogenesis of ATLV produced from MT-1, MT-2 cell lines and short-term cultured cells from peripheral lymphocytes of ATL patients were observed by electronmicroscopy. The average diameter of ATLV particles was approximately 110 nm, and the distribution curve of diameter was wide. The ATLV was produced by budding process but budding was very rare. Most of the ATLV was mature type C-virus particle and immature particle could not be detected. It was observed by indirect immunoelectron microscopy that some human sera with high anti-ATLA titers reacted with both the ATLV and the cell membrane surface of MT-2 cells. From these results, it is suggested that the ATLV is new type C particle which has the antigenicity against the anti-ATLA positive sera. PMID- 6603822 TI - [Biology of adult T-cell leukemia virus]. AB - Biologic activities of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) virus (ATLV) were studied. The results are summarized as follows: 1) Cell-free ATLV are able to infect to and induce ATLA in normal human lymphocytes. 2) ATLV is infectable not only to T cells but also to B cells. 3) A glycoprotein of an apparent molecular mass of 46,000, gp46, is a novel component of the ATLA antigen complex and may represent a major viral envelope glycoprotein. These data add important information to the study of etiological role of ATLV in the leukemia. PMID- 6603823 TI - [Epidemiological analysis of adult T-cell leukemia]. AB - Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is prevalent in the rural coastal areas of southwestern part of Japan. The geographical distribution of persons with antibody to ATLV which seems to be the decisive causal agent of ATL is very similar to that of ATL patients. The positive rate of anti-ATLA among healthy inhabitants older than 50 years was 32% (21% in males and 39% in females) in Goto Islands in Nagasaki Prefecture. However, positive rates are only 15% in the age group of 30 to 49 years and 4% under 29 years in the same area. From the epidemiological analyses of the mode of anti-ATLA reactivity among married couples and family members with positive and negative anti-ATLA, two routes of transmission of ATLV were suspected. One route is from parents to children and another is the horizontal transmission from new family to woman after marriage. The environmental and socioeconomic factors which had changed remarkably after the World War II and may have influenced the characteristic distribution of ATLV carriers by age and sex in these areas are discussed as the modifying factors for ATLV infection and ATL manifestation from the epidemiological view point. PMID- 6603824 TI - HLA studies in IgM rheumatoid-factor-positive arthritis of childhood. AB - The clinical course of children with IgM rheumatoid-factor-positive chronic arthritis closely resembles that of seropositive rheumatoid disease in adults. The frequency of HLA DR4 is known to be increased in adults with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, but the first major report on childhood arthritis did not suggest a correlation, though only 8 seropositive cases were included. Fifty-two children with polyarthritis beginning before the age of 16 who persistently carried IgM rheumatoid factor were studied. HLA DR4 was present in 60% of these children but was found in only 29% of 93 patients with seronegative juvenile arthritis and 27% of a normal adult population. These results suggest immunogenetic similarities in patients with seropositive arthritis irrespective of age of onset. PMID- 6603825 TI - Porcine bioprosthetic valve calcification in bovine left ventricle-aorta shunts: studies of the deposition of vitamin K-dependent proteins. AB - Calcification of glutaraldehyde-preserved bioprosthetic cardiac valves represents a serious clinical problem. Previous work from this laboratory has established the presence in clinical bioprosthetic valve calcifications of vitamin K dependent calcium-binding proteins, which contain the calcium-binding amino acid gamma-carboxyglutamic acid; no proteins containing gamma-carboxyglutamic acid are present in nonmineralized valves. The purpose of the present study was to examine a series of bovine circulatory bioprosthetic valve explants for calcification and proteins containing gamma-carboxyglutamic acid. Biochemical analyses of explanted bioprosthetic valves from calves demonstrated proteins with gamma-carboxyglutamic acid accumulating in calcified valves during both the onset and progression of valve calcification; calcium levels in the explanted calf bioprostheses were in the same range as those noted in clinical material. Accumulation of calcium and protein with gamma-carboxyglutamic acid occurred simultaneously and progressively, beginning 2 months after implantation. Small amounts of osteocalcin, the bone-derived protein containing gamma-carboxyglutamic acid, were present in both human and bovine bioprosthetic valve calcifications at comparable levels. No osteocalcin was detectable in non-mineralized valve tissue. Warfarin anticoagulant therapy did not prevent calcification or accumulation of protein with gamma-carboxyglutamic acid. It is concluded that proteins containing gamma carboxyglutamic acid are involved in both the onset and progression of bioprosthetic valve calcification, and that conventional means of vitamin K antagonism do not alter this association or the course of bioprosthetic valve mineralization. PMID- 6603826 TI - Surgical treatment of 200 consecutive patients with left main coronary artery disease. AB - Two hundred consecutive patients underwent myocardial revascularization for left main coronary artery disease between January, 1975, and December, 1981. The mean age of this group was 64 +/- 8 years, and 78.5% of the patients were men. The anginal pattern was chronic stable in 6% of the patients and progressive or unstable in the remainder. Resting electrocardiograms showed prior myocardial infarction in 45.5%. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was elevated in 145 patients, and ejection fraction was less than 50% in 40 patients. The mean number of bypass grafts per patient was 3.2 +/- 1.4 (standard deviation). Seventeen patients underwent major concomitant cardiovascular procedures. The operative mortality was 3.5%, and the incidence of perioperative infarction was 3%. Factors associated with reduced operative survival were increased age; unstable angina, or acute myocardial infarction, or both; female sex; circumflex-dominant circulation; and major concomitant procedures. Late mortality at a mean follow-up of 33.5 months was 6%, and 91% of the surviving patients assessed their quality of life as "excellent" or "good." PMID- 6603827 TI - Local anesthetic activity and disopyramide toxicity. AB - In the isolated frog sciatic nerve preparation, IC50 concentrations for nerve block were 0.34 +/- 0.9 mM for lidocaine (LIDO), 0.62 +/- 0.11 mM for procaine, 11.9 +/- 6.1 mM for disopyramide (DIP), and 52.8 +/- 24 mM for MIP (the mono demethylated metabolite of DIP). In contrast to the LIDO block, DIP-induced nerve block was irreversible. DIP-induced depression of the electrically stimulated rat ventricular strip was completely reversed by washing the drug-free Tyrode's solution. In mice receiving 250 mg/kg DIP, neither convulsions nor death could be prevented by diazepam or other anticonvulsants. These results suggest that DIP has a very weak local anesthetic action which does not contribute significantly to disopyramide toxicity. PMID- 6603829 TI - [Cellular immunity in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome with minimal glomerular lesions and focal and segmental hyalinosis in children]. AB - Cellular immunity was studied in 31 children presenting with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS), of which 23 with minimal supposed or proven glomerular changes (MGC) and 8 with focal and segmental hyalinosis (FSH). In vivo, a clear hyporeactivity to the delayed hypersensitivity tests and decreased blood T lymphocytes, with a great dispersion of the values were found. Furthermore, such patients' sera display a factor inhibiting the proliferative response of the lymphocytes of patients and of control subjects, to non specific mitogens (PHA), both during exacerbation and remission periods. The hypotheses of an abnormality of cellular immunity and of the existence of an inhibitory factor in the serum of INS with MGC and FSH are discussed. PMID- 6603828 TI - [Humoral immunity in an idiopathic nephrotic syndrome with minimal glomerular lesions and focal and segmental hyalinosis in children]. AB - Humoral immunity was studied in 40 children presenting with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS), of which 30 with minimal supposed or proven glomerular changes (MGC) and 10 with focal and segmental hyalinosis (FSH). Such patients are capable of producing in vivo active antibodies, in response to viral or bacterial infections and after anti-poliomyelitis immunisation. They present with decreased immunoglobulins G and increased immunoglobulins M during exacerbation of the disease. These abnormalities often persist during remission as well as in patients off-therapy. IgE are often increased during periods or exacerbation as well as in remission. On the contrary, the number of B lymphocytes and their distribution according to surface Ig are normal. PMID- 6603830 TI - Hepatic changes in a patient with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (MZ phenotype). Portal tract elastosis and noncirrhotic portal hypertension. AB - A 57-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis and alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (PiMZ phenotype), recovering from intraabdominal sepsis in association with gastric ulcer perforation, had portal hypertension. An operative liver biopsy specimen showed a distinctive elastosis of the portal tracts without cirrhosis. PMID- 6603831 TI - Anti-inflammatory, antiproteolytic and analgesic activities of some new thiadiazolyl indoles. PMID- 6603832 TI - [Innervation of the lungs in vertebrates and man]. AB - The adrenergic and cholinergic innervation of the lungs have been studied by means of Falck and Koelle methods in amphibia (Rana temporaria), reptile (tortoise), vertebrates (white rat, domestic cat) and in the man. It has been found that as the structure and function of the lungs become more complicated, their innervation apparatus structure becomes more complex with increasing number of the adrenergic and cholinergic components in it. The distribution density of the adrenergic and cholinergic neural fibers in the lungs increases from the lower vertebrates to the higher ones. The distribution density of the cholinergic neural fibers in the bronchial wall decreases with diminishing of their caliber. PMID- 6603833 TI - The effect of head position upon jaw reflexes in the rat. AB - The vestibular apparatus of the decerebrate rat was stimulated by tilting the head dorsally or ventrally, with or without an associated stimulation of neck afferents i.e. either the head alone, or the head and body together, was tilted. The effect of such conditions, upon short latency reflexes elicited in antagonistic jaw and hyoid muscles, was examined. Reflexes in the different jaw and hyoid muscles were affected differently when the head was tilted, whether or not neck movement was permitted. Variations in the pattern of response in different animals were explicable on the basis of the known variable recovery of neck reflexes opposing the influence of the vestibular afferents. Head position can therefore be an important but complex factor which may enhance or depress reflex activity differentially in the different masticatory muscles, at least in the experimental situation. PMID- 6603834 TI - Evaluation of the brain-stem function by the auditory brain-stem response and the caloric vestibular reaction in comatose patient. AB - The auditory brain-stem response (ABR) and the caloric vestibular reaction (CVR) were investigated in 100 patients in deep coma to evaluate the brain-stem function of these patients precisely and to predict their prognosis accurately. In the first ABR examination, 54 patients showed normal and 46 abnormal ABRs. Among the latter, five showed partial wave disappearance and 21 exhibited no ABRs. Twenty-six of the 30 patients who recovered (87%) showed normal ABRs and 21 of the 57 who died (37%) also exhibited normal latency at that time. On the other hand, all the patients who showed wave disappearance (the absence of or only wave I response) died. Forty of 86 patients who underwent the CVR test showed some reaction. However, 46 patients showed no CVRs even in the first examination. Twenty-two of 26 patients who recovered exhibited some eye movements, while the remaining four showed no reaction at that time. From these results the following statements can be made. If total or partial (wave I) disappearance of the ABR in comatose patients is observed, one can predict a poor prognosis or death. If no reaction is observed in the CVR, however, one cannot always expect a poor prognosis. PMID- 6603835 TI - [Total lactate dehydrogenase activity of perilymph, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in unstressed and noise stressed guinea pigs]. AB - The total activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) of perilymph (PL), plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of unexposed and sound-exposed guinea pigs was examined with due consideration of the principal sources of error. To test the purity of PL samples, protein, potassium, and sodium were determined simultaneously (Table 1). The LDH was analysed fluorometrically. It was found that there are considerable differences in the LDH activities of PL, CSF, and plasma (Table 2). The mean activity of PL was three to four times higher than that of CSF and only about half that of plasma. No significant difference was found between the PL in scala tympani and scala vestibuli. The most frequent LDH values of the individual fluids (Fig. 2) were somewhat lower than the mean values calculated. Immediately (less than or equal to 60 min) after exposing the animals to wide-band noise at an intensity of 140 dB SPL for 10 min, the mean PL values of the scala tympani and scala vestibuli were found to be somewhat higher than in unexposed animals (Table 3). Eighteen hours after the exposure, slightly higher activity was only detectable in PL of the scala vestibuli. The differences were not found to be significant. The LDH values of CSF and plasma remained unchanged both less than or equal to 60 min and 18 h after noise exposure. PMID- 6603836 TI - The management of acute variceal haemorrhage. AB - Sixty-two patients presented on 81 occasions with acute-oesophageal variceal haemorrhage. Bleeding required tamponade on or during that admission on 87 occasions and was successful in arresting haemorrhage in 93%. Employing a policy of management in which injection sclerotherapy was the main therapeutic option, control of haemorrhage was achieved on 89% of admissions with an admission mortality of 30%. These results are compared with other reported series. PMID- 6603839 TI - A three-stage chromatographic procedure for cordycepin. Quantitative estimation in rat brain tissue. AB - A technique for the quantitative estimation of intraperitoneally injected unlabelled cordycepin in the acid soluble pool (ASP) isolated from rat brain tissue has been suggested. It consists of consecutive chromatography of ASP on columns of Dowex 1 X 8, Dihydroxyboryl-SP500 and Sephasorb-HP. As a result, the fraction containing 2'-deoxyriboadenosine and 3'-deoxyriboadenosine (cordycepin) was isolated from the brain tissue ASP of experimental animals which were given a cordycepin injection. The 2'-deoxyriboadenosine fraction was isolated from tissue ASP of control animals which were not given an injection of this antibiotic. Brain tissue antibiotic content was estimated by the difference in mumolar nucleosides quantity values in the two fractions (control/experiment). PMID- 6603838 TI - [Modification of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate-induced myotonia of cold blood muscles by variations in external Ca++ and K+ concentrations]. AB - The influence of several Ca++- and K+-concentrations on the mechanograms, electromyograms, membrane potentials and ion contents of myotonic cold blood muscle was investigated. In accordance with the wellknown effects of the warm blood muscle the results show that the application of Ca++ and the withdrawal of K+ improve the myotonic phenomena while the withdrawal of Ca++ and the application of K+ reinforce the myotonic reaction. The results show that 2,4-D blocks the Ca++-influx as well the transport of Na+ and K+ through the membrane. As a consequence of these results it is supposed that 2,4-D changes the charges of the muscle fiber membrane and in this way induces the myotonic phenomena. In the paper the results of the authors' investigations are being discussed in connection with the chloride-hypothesis. PMID- 6603837 TI - Changes in the cytochrome composition of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides grown aerobically, photosynthetically and on dimethyl sulphoxide. AB - Several strains and mutants of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides can be grown anaerobically in the dark in the presence of dimethyl sulphoxide as an electron acceptor. During adaptation to this fermentative mode of growth, two major c-type cytochromes are synthesized, one with Mr 45 000 and the second with Mr 20 000 and a midpoint potential of +120 mV. These cytochromes are barely detectable in membranes prepared from cells grown in aerobic or photosynthetic conditions. An electrophoretic method is presented for the detection of the b-type and c-type cytochromes of pigmented or unpigmented membranes. The method resolves three b type cytochromes and four c-type cytochromes in membranes from aerobically and photosynthetically grown cells. PMID- 6603840 TI - Evaluation of fast inward current in the atrial myocardium. PMID- 6603841 TI - [Electrophysiological studies on the spectral sensitivity of the photoreceptors of the frog retina]. AB - A new method for potential measurements is proposed to study the spectral sensitivity of more than two different types of photoreceptors by means of the mass receptor potential of the isolated retina. The studies were carried out on retinas of animals belonging to the European waterfrog group: Rana ridibunda, R. lessonae and R. esculenta. We were able to demonstrate two different spectral types of rods and two different types of cone responses in each retina. In connection with morphological findings the european waterfrogs are suggested to possess the same types of photoreceptors as Rana pipiens. The question is discussed whether the different types of both rods and cones show different thresholds. PMID- 6603842 TI - Reversible phosphorylation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase in Morris hepatomas. AB - The reversible phosphorylation of microsomal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase in host liver and hepatoma 5123C has been investigated. The percentage of the total enzyme activity in vivo was similar in the normal liver, host liver and hepatoma 5123C. The inclusion of 30 mM EDTA and 10 mM mevalonic acid in assays of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase inactivation in vitro eliminated artifacts generated by the presence of mevalonate kinase. Inactivation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase from normal liver, host liver and hepatoma occurred at a similar rate with similar half-times. We conclude that phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase occurs in hepatomas and that the lack of dietary cholesterol feedback inhibition in the hepatomas is not a result of a defect in this particular aspect of the reversible phosphorylation system. PMID- 6603843 TI - In vitro immune response to sheep erythrocytes in macrophage depleted cultures. Restoration with interleukine 1 or a monokine from resident macrophages and stimulation by N-acetyl-muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP). AB - The involvement of macrophages in the adjuvanticity of N-acetyl-muramyl-L-alanyl D-isoglutamine (MDP) has been examined. The stimulation of the in vitro primary immune response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) has been studied, because it is known that macrophages cooperate through the mediation of soluble compounds for the induction of the anti-SRBC response. The cultures depleted of macrophages by passing spleen cells on Sephadex G-10 were unable to give any response to SRBC. Their immune responsiveness was fully restored by the addition of either Interleukine 1 (IL 1) obtained from P388D1 cells or a factor able to replace macrophages (FRM) obtained from resident peritoneal macrophages. MDP alone, at any dose, was unable to induce any response in such macrophage depleted cultures, but it was able to enhance the antibody response of these cultures reconstituted with monokines, with the same characteristics in dose effect and timing dependence than in whole spleen cells. PMID- 6603844 TI - Dual effects of macrolide antibiotics on rat liver cytochrome P-450. Induction and formation of metabolite-complexes: a structure-activity relationship. AB - Previous studies have shown that the macrolide antibiotics, troleandomycin and erythromycin, are able to induce their own transformation into a metabolite forming an inactivated complex with rat liver cytochrome P-450. This paper reports the results of a study on the effects of several macrolide antibiotics including oleandomycin, erythromycin derivatives, josamycin, methymycin, tylosin, spiramycin and rifampicin, as well as antibiotics of other series, such as tetracycline and lincomycin, on rat liver cytochromes P-450 in vivo and in vitro. Only the antibiotics containing the desosamine and mycaminose amino sugars were able to give the dual effects already found with troleandomycin: induction of cytochrome p-450 and formation of an inhibitory cytochrome P-450--iron- nitrosoalkane metabolite complex in vivo or in vitro. From these studies, it appears that two structural factors are important for a macrolide antibiotic to lead to such effects: the presence of a non-hindered readily accessible N dimethylamino group and the hydrophobic character of the molecule. These data are discussed in relation to the adverse effects observed during drug associations involving some of these macrolide antibiotics. PMID- 6603845 TI - Renal secretion of purine nucleosides and their analogs in mice. AB - Previous results have indicated that 2'-deoxyadenosine (dAdo) and 2' deoxytubercidin (dTub) are secreted by the mouse kidney. Secretion of dTub appeared to occur via the organic cation carrier [J. F. Kuttesch, Jr. et al., Biochem. Pharmac. 31, 3387 (1982)]. In the current study, the structural specificity of the secretory system for d Tub was probed by evaluating the renal clearance of several sugar-modified dTub analogs. The following sugar-modified derivatives also underwent apparent secretion: 3'-deoxy, arabinosyl, and xylosyl. These results suggest a lack of structural specificity of the secretory system for dTub. Tubercidin was apparently reabsorbed, analogous to the observation in mice that adenosine clearance is less than that of inulin. In related experiments, a transport maximum for dAdo could not be demonstrated due to the marked pharmacologic activity of dAdo. Cimetidine was found to selectively inhibit the organic cation secretory system since it blocked the renal secretion of tetraethylammonium but not that of p-amminohippurate in mice. Correspondingly, cimetidine prevented the renal secretion dTub; however, cimetidine did not inhibit the renal secretion of dAdo nor the renal reabsorption of Ado. These results suggest that renal secretion of dTub occurs via the organic cation carrier. The mechanisms for the renal secretion of dAdo and for the renal reabsorption of Ado may be unique and independent of the organic cation system. PMID- 6603846 TI - Effect of immunoadjuvant peptidoglycan monomer on liver cytochrome P-450. PMID- 6603848 TI - Pain in the rheumatic diseases. Investigation of a key health status component. AB - The importance of pain in the health status and health behavior of patients with chronic rheumatic disease was evaluated. The Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales were used to estimate physical disability, psychological status, and pain in a large set of rheumatic disease patients. Explanatory regression models were built to explore the contribution of pain in physician and patient assessments of overall health, medication usage, and changes in health status over time. Results confirm that pain makes a highly significant contribution to explaining both physician and patient overall health assessments (P less than 0.001). Pain is also the most important of the 3 health status components in explaining medication usage (P less than 0.001). Finally, using prospective data, it is shown that current pain, rather than current physical or psychological disability, is the best predictor of subsequent pain (P less than 0.001). Current pain also is most associated with subsequent physical disability (P less than 0.05). These findings confirm the importance of pain in determining the health status and health behavior of individuals with chronic rheumatic disease, and suggest that doctors and other health professionals should continue to solicit and address the patient's complaints of pain. PMID- 6603847 TI - HLA-B27 haplotypes in family studies of ankylosing spondylitis. AB - Although HLA-B27 carries a high relative risk for development of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), most B27 positive individuals do not have spondylitis. One interpretation of this observation is that there may be 2 types of B27, 1 which carries the risk factor and 1 which does not. If this were the case, then with the help of markers closely linked to HLA-B, it might be possible to detect differences between the B27 haplotypes in AS patients and those in healthy probands. We studied 197 members of 18 families with known AS and 110 members of 19 families in which HLA-B27 was present without any known inflammatory spinal disease. HLA antigens A, B, and C and alleles of complement components C2, C4, and Factor B and glyoxalase-1 were determined in all cases. Detailed haplotypes were assigned and their associations with development of the disease were examined. We were unable to identify any distinct HLA-B27 haplotype associated with AS; 2 common haplotypes and several miscellaneous ones were found in both groups. Thinking that the development of AS might be influenced by the other, non B27 haplotype, we analyzed this and found that there was no detectable influence. The data do not contradict the notion that B27 in whites is a single entity and is itself the susceptibility factor predisposing to the development of ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 6603849 TI - American Rheumatism Association nomenclature and classification of arthritis and rheumatism (1983). PMID- 6603850 TI - The impact of a new rheumatologist on the management of rheumatic disease patients in community hospitals. PMID- 6603851 TI - Mesangial IgM nephropathy in a patient with HLA-B27 spondylarthropathy. PMID- 6603852 TI - Isolation of an interleukin-1-like factor from human joint effusions. AB - Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a macrophage derived mediator whose properties suggest that it could play a role in the pathology of arthritis. To test this hypothesis, joint fluids from patients with serveral different arthritides were tested. Small amounts of IL-1-like activity were recovered from many of these joint fluids after affinity chromatography over a column of rabbit anti-human IL-1. Positive fluids were obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, Reiter's syndrome, osteoarthritis, gout, and traumatic arthritis. Upon gel filtration, the joint derived factor displayed a molecular weight distribution similar to that of IL-1 derived from human monocytes stimulated in vitro. These results suggest that IL-1 is present in joint effusions and, therefore, might contribute to joint destruction. PMID- 6603853 TI - On the mechanism of the pharmacologic activity of meclofenamate sodium. AB - N-(2,6-Dichloro-m-tolyl)anthranilic acid, sodium salt (meclofenamate sodium, Meclomen), the sodium salt of meclofenamic acid, has anti-inflammatory activity both in animal models and in clinical use. This activity is believed to be due in large part to the ability of the drug to inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting arachidonic acid cyclo-oxygenase. Further, there is evidence that meclofenamic acid directly antagonizes the actions of prostaglandins at receptor sites. In addition, meclofenamic acid may also inhibit arachidonic acid lipoxygenase, resulting in decreased synthesis of leukotrienes, known mediators involved in the inflammatory process. PMID- 6603854 TI - Region-specific reductions of intracranial self-stimulation after uncontrollable stress: possible effects on reward processes. AB - Rates of responding for intracranial self-stimulation from the medial forebrain bundle, nucleus accumbens and substantia nigra were evaluated in mice that had been exposed to either escapable shock, yoked inescapable shock or no shock treatment. Whereas performance was unaffected by escapable shock, marked reductions of responding from the medial forebrain bundle and nucleus accumbens were evident following the uncontrollable shock treatment. Responding from the substantia nigra was unaffected by the stress treatment. Uncontrollable shock is thought to reduce the rewarding value of responding for electrical brain stimulation from those brain regions in which stressors are known to influence dopamine activity. PMID- 6603855 TI - [Effect of N-ethylmaleimide, introduced in to the serous fluid, on the active transport of sodium through the skin of Rana esculenta]. AB - An SH reactive agent, N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), if introduced in the serosal bath (10(-4) M), stimulates the short circuit current (SCC) across the frog skin. This effect is due to an increase of Na active transport, because is inhibited by ouabain (10(-4) M). A stimulatory action on Cl- or HCO3- secretion can be ruled out because the rise in SCC occurs also in the absence of Cl- or HCO3-. It is known that NEM inhibits the ADH action by forming covalent bounds with SH groups of ADH membrane receptors (1). Thus it is possible that this binding should mimic the ADH action on SCC. In order to test this hypothesis, we studied the effect of serosal NEM on SCC both in the absence and in the presence of I midazol (20 mM), an activator of the cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. Imidazol treatment decreases the effect of NEM on SCC. Thus we conclude that NEM serosal treatment is able to mimic some ADH effects, by using the same ways of the ormone action. PMID- 6603856 TI - Effects of coronary artery bypass grafting on left ventricular function assessed by multiple gated ventricular scintigraphy. AB - The effect of coronary artery bypass grafting on global left ventricular ejection fraction and regional contraction was studied in 56 consecutive patients with chronic stable angina pectoris by means of multiple gated ventricular scintigraphy at rest and during dynamic supine exercise before and six weeks after myocardial revascularisation. Before operation, exercise induced a significant fall in ejection fraction and regional wall motion score. Six weeks after operation 52 patients were symptomless. Resting ejection fraction and regional wall motion score were unchanged but during exercise ejection fraction increased significantly, and the previous exercise induced regional wall motion abnormalities were abolished. All four patients with persisting angina showed the same pattern as before operation, with a fall in left ventricular ejection fraction and regional wall motion score during exercise. Multiple gated ventricular scintigraphy affords a safe, objective, reproducible, and non invasive means of assessing serial ventricular function at rest and during exercise in patients with ischaemic heart disease. The technique confirms that coronary bypass surgery abolishes exercise induced abnormalities of left ventricular function, but has no influence on resting function. PMID- 6603857 TI - Reoperation after aortocoronary bypass procedure. Results in 53 patients in a group of 1041 with consecutive first operations. AB - Of 1041 patients with consecutive aortocoronary bypass operations, 53 (5.1%) underwent reoperation during a mean follow-up time of three and a half years. The operative mortality of first operations was 1.2%, and of reoperations 3.8%. The anatomical reason for reoperation was failure of the bypass graft in 41 (77%) patients, which in 18 was accompanied by progression of disease. Progression alone was seen in seven (13%). When symptoms occurred within six months after the first operation, failure of the bypass graft(s) was nearly always found--in 32 out of 36 instances. Progression in non-bypassed arteries was seen only when symptoms occurred later. Late results in angina pectoris were less favourable in the group undergoing reoperation: 31 (65%) of the 48 operated on twice and 406 (46%) of the 877 patients operated on once still had angina at late follow-up. The same fraction in both groups was improved by operation: 88% versus 89%. PMID- 6603858 TI - Dehiscence of infected aortocoronary vein graft suture lines. Cause of late pseudoaneurysm of ascending aorta. AB - Two cases are described of late pseudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta caused by dehiscence of infected aortocoronary vein graft suture lines. Both cases were associated with early postoperative Staphylococcus aureus superficial wound infection. This complication should be suspected in patients developing protracted wound infections after operation, particularly when associated with rigors. PMID- 6603859 TI - A blind comparison of the efficacy and incidence of unwanted effects of trimethoprim and co-trimoxazole in the treatment of acute infection of the urinary tract in general practice. PMID- 6603860 TI - The incidence of B cell leukaemia and lymphopenia in B cell neoplasia in adults: a study using the Kiel classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - The incidence of B cell leukaemia in 186 consecutive untreated patients with histologically defined B cell neoplasms is described. The lymphomas were classified by the Kiel convention. B cell leukaemia in the context of this paper refers to the situation where a neoplastic clone of B cells in the blood greatly outnumbers normal blood B cells. It is defined as an absolute blood B cell count greater than 0.75 X 10(9)1(-1) where either greater than 90% B cells express kappa immunoglobulin light chains or greater than 80% express lambda light chains. This was found in several patients where the total blood lymphocyte count was within normal limits. All patients with diffuse lymphocytic lymphoma with the histological appearances of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (ML-BCLL) were found to have B cell leukaemia. However, more than half these patients had blood B cell counts less than 10 X 10(9)1(-1). B cell leukaemia was also a feature in approximately 33% of patients with follicle centre cell tumours and 33% of those with lymphoplasmacytoid tumours. B cell leukaemia was not detected in 34/35 patients with myelomatosis. The 35th patient had plasma cell leukaemia. Only 3/22 patients with high grade lymphoma had B cell leukaemia. In the three principal tumour types associated with B cell leukaemia mu + delta was the most common immunoglobulin heavy chain phenotype. Spontaneous mouse red cell rosette formation also characterised leukaemic B cells in these three groups but high proportions of mouse rosetting cells were seen only in association with ML-BCLL. None of 4 cases of prolymphocytic leukaemia showed mouse red cell rosetting. HLA DR alpha chain was found on the leukaemic cells of all patients except one with ML-BCLL. B cell lymphopenia was a frequent finding in all histological groups in those patients who did not have B cell leukaemia. PMID- 6603861 TI - The immune status of the rat with carcinoma of the bowel. AB - Studies were made to determine whether rats receiving 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) to induce bowel cancer were immunologically compromised during tumour development. General cellular immunodepression was observed in DMH rats in nonspecific assays of T-cell and killer-cell (K-cell) function and later in allograft response and in vitro tumour immunity tests. B-cell levels in local lymph nodes increased significantly very late in tumour growth. It is suggested that DMH itself was exerting immunosuppressive as well as carcinogenic effects while it was administered. After withdrawal of DMH some immune faculties (tumour immunity, B-cell response) reappeared, so it is unlikely that the immune suppression observed was a result of factors produced by the developing neoplasm. There are indications that DMH administration in the rat is immunosuppressive and that tumour growth may be facilitated by this action and not by tumour reactive lymphocytic depletion or paralysis associated with blocking factors or suppressor cell production. PMID- 6603862 TI - Opsonization and phagocytosis of Haemophilus influenzae type B organisms by mouse polymorphonuclear leucocytes and antiribosomal serum. AB - Sera from rabbits immunized with ribosomes passively protect mice challenged with Haemophilus influenzae type b. The protective antibody interacted with organisms in the blood and possibly at the sites of dissemination, but not at the site of inoculation. Macrophages did not phagocytize oposonized bacteria in our system. However, immune serum enhanced phagocytosis and intracellular killing by polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) by reducing viable counts by 77 to 93% and 35 to 50%, respectively. There was a strong correlation between opsonizing activity and passive protection in immune and normal serum. Inactivation of complement significantly reduced the opsonizing activity of the immune serum. A significant portion of the protection associated with the immune serum is localized in the IgM fraction. Immune serum, depleted of IgG, enhanced phagocytosis to a degree similar to intact immune serum. However, immune serum depleted of IgM, opsonized bacteria to the same degree as normal serum. Therefore, the immune component of serum responsible for protection and opsonization appears to be localized in the IgM fraction. These data indicate that protection induced by antiribosomal antibodies results from an interaction with the cell surface of H. influenzae organisms, leading to increased phagocytosis by PMN. PMID- 6603863 TI - Mitogen-induced stimulation and suppression of erythroid burst promoting activity production by human mononuclear cells. AB - Exposure of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells or highly enriched monocytes to various plant lectins substantially alters their production of erythroid burst promoting activity (BPA). Neither unstimulated, nor mitogen stimulated, enriched T lymphocytes produced demonstrable BPA. Each of the lectins tested resulted in a different pattern of alteration of BPA production by mononuclear cells. Increasing concentrations of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) caused a progressive increase in BPA production up to a plateau level at concentrations above 0.25-0.5 microliter/ml. Concanavalin A (Con A) at concentrations of 0.05-0.1 micrograms/ml stimulated BPA production, but Con A concentrations greater than 1 microgram/ml never augmented BPA production by mononuclear cells. Pokeweed mitogen inhibited BPA production by mononuclear cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Since PHA and Con A can bind to and stimulate both monocytes/macrophages and T lymphocytes, some production of BPA by stimulated T cells in the presence of monocytes cannot be ruled out. Earlier studies demonstrated that T cells augment monocyte production of BPA. Thus, monocyte-T cell interactions, as well as activation of monocytes and perhaps lymphocytes, play an important role in regulation of BPA production in vitro. PMID- 6603864 TI - Antithymocyte globulin treatment of severe aplastic anaemia. AB - Nineteen patients with severe aplastic anaemia were treated with antithymocyte globulin. Ten patients obtained remissions (transfusion independent, at least 45000 platelets and 2000 PMN/mm3) within 2-3 months and continue in remission 5 35 months after antithymocyte globulin. Ages of responders ranged from 17 to 71. Complications of antithymocyte globulin included arthralgias, rash, serum sickness, angioedema and fever. Two patients died during, two shortly after, and one 10 months after therapy. One patient with a previous remission following antithymocyte globulin relapsed and achieved a second remission with retreatment. Previous androgen therapy did not affect outcome since two of four patients with and eight of 15 patients without previous androgen therapy achieved remission with ATG. Treatment with antithymocyte globulin is a promising alternative to bone marrow transplantation in the treatment of severe aplastic anaemia. PMID- 6603865 TI - Physiological and psychological correlates of motion sickness. AB - Motion sickness (MS)has been inconclusively associated with personality and physical vestibular functioning in both males and females. The present work consisted of six tests: test of field dependency; pure balance test; motion sickness questionnaire; body steadiness test; primary suggestibility test; resistance to disturbance test. In addition the EPI was completed by a proportion of subjects. Male and female data for the 15 male and 15 female subjects in an age range 20 to 30 years, obtained from within Bedford College, University of London, were factor analysed separately. The results show that, firstly, field dependence, as understood by Witkin, is not associated with any of the factor and correlated significantly (r = 0.83, P less than 0.001; two-tailed test). The same correlation in women was not significantly (r = 0.17). For females, MS and neuroticism appeared on the same factor and correlated significantly (r = 0.62, P less than 0.05; two tailed test). The same correlation in men was not significant (r = 0.06). This suggests that MS in females is associated primarily with neuroticism, whereas in males it is associated with vestibular disturbance thresholds. PMID- 6603866 TI - Lymphoproliferative disorders of the orbit: an immunological approach to diagnosis and pathogenesis. AB - A prospective immunological study of patients with proptosis due to intraorbital lesions composed largely or exclusively of lymphoid tissue indicates that the use of antisera to specific heavy and light chain antibody components can be helpful in distinguishing between polyclonal and truly neoplastic monoclonal disorders. On the basis of combined histological and immunological information it is possible to delineate 4 categories of patient: those with unequivocal chronic inflammation, those with a virtually pure lymphoproliferative lesion and a polyclonal profile, and those with a monoclonal lymphomatous disorder which may be histologically comparable to the previous category or, in a fourth group, be unmistakably malignant on cytological grounds. The first of these groups will normally respond to corticosteroid treatment, but the others, including the polyclonal lymphoproliferative masses, need radiotherapy. The finding of reduced numbers of circulating T cells in the presence of low plasma levels of IgA, and of autoantibodies in the serum of a third of the patients, could mean that individuals developing lymphoproliferative lesions in the orbit, whether hyperplastic or neoplastic, are partially immunodeficient. PMID- 6603867 TI - Lattice corneal dystrophy: a source of confusion. AB - Published descriptions of families with lattice dystrophy of the cornea reveal a much more varied clinical course and a more pleomorphic corneal picture than the rather stereotyped textbook descriptions would suggest. This report describes a family with lattice dystrophy of unusually late onset with retention of useful vision into the 7th decade. Herpes simplex keratitis was misdiagnosed in 5 members of the family by different ophthalmologists, probably because the typical lattice lines were fine and visible only by retroillumination. PMID- 6603868 TI - Localization of globoside and Forssman glycolipids on erythrocyte membranes. AB - Using the freeze-etch technique, the membrane localization of globoside, a principal glycolipid in human erythrocytes, and Forssman antigen, the chief glycolipid in sheep erythrocytes was evaluated using ferritin and colloidal gold as morphological markers for rabbit antibodies prepared against these glycolipids. Brief trypsinization of human red cell ghosts markedly aggregated intramembranous particles and permitted labeling of globoside, which appeared in a clustered arrangement. The aggregates of ferritin-anti-globoside differed from those of ferritin-wheat germ agglutinin, a label for glycophorin, which corresponded with the aggregates of intramembranous particles. Double-labeling of human trypsinized ghosts with anti-globoside/ Staphylococcal protein A-colloidal gold and ferritin-wheat germ agglutinin indicated that the patterns of labeling were different and that the aggregates of globoside did not bear a direct relationship to the intramembranous particles, which represent transmembrane proteins. Resealed sheep erythrocyte ghosts labeled with ferritin-conjugated rabbit anti-Forssman showed small clusters of Forssman glycolipid on the erythrocyte surface, which could be markedly aggregated with a second goat anti rabbit antibody, indicating relative mobility of the small glycolipid domains. The distribution of ferritin-anti-Forssman label in sheep ghosts treated at pH 5.5 to aggregate intramembranous particles also did not show definite correspondence between intramembranous particles and the clusters of ferritin anti-Forssman. PMID- 6603869 TI - Purification and properties of an activating enzyme of blood clotting factor X from the venom of Cerastes cerastes. AB - An activator of blood coagulation factor X was found in the venom of the horned viper Cerastes cerastes, and was purified by gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography and chromatofocussing. The activator is a protein composed of a heavy and a light polypeptide chain linked by disulfide bonds. Two subforms of the activator were found. Both contained a heavy chain of Mr 58000 and are distinguished from each other by the presence of two different light chains of Mr 17700 and 15000. The activator appears to cleave the bond in the factor X molecule that is also cleaved by factor IXa. Factor X activation by the activator is strongly stimulated by Ca2+. The kinetic parameters for the activation reaction have been determined. A Km for factor X of 19.2 nM and a Vmax of 0.11 pmol of Xa/min per ng venom were found. PMID- 6603870 TI - Concentration of nucleotides and deoxynucleotides in peripheral and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated mammalian lymphocytes. Effects of adenosine and deoxyadenosine. AB - Concentrations of purine and pyrimidine ribonucleotides were measured with HPLC in lymphocytes of man, horse, pig and sheep and in rat thymocytes. The ATP concentration was highest in lymphocytes of all species and about 850 pmol/10(6) cells in human and equine lymphocytes, higher in porcine and lower in ovine lymphocytes and rat thymocytes. The GTP concentration was comparable in human, equine and porcine lymphocytes, but lower in ovine lymphocytes. ATP concentration was also measured in lymphocytes of man, horse and pig with a luciferin luciferase assay. During culturing with or without phytohemagglutinin the ATP concentrations decreased in these lymphocytes. The concentrations of TTP and dATP were measured with a DNA polymerase assay. Phytohemagglutinin-stimulation increased the TTP concentration in lymphocytes of all three species, the dATP concentration only in human lymphocytes. ATP, TTP and dATP concentrations and thymidine incorporation were measured in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes after 24 and 48 h culturing in the presence of adenosine or deoxyadenosine. Adenosine increased the ATP concentration in porcine and equine, but not in human lymphocytes. Deoxyadenosine and adenosine did not affect the TTP concentration. Deoxyadenosine decreased the ATP concentration only in the presence of EHNA in human lymphocytes, but increased it in other conditions and in equine and porcine lymphocytes. Deoxyadenosine in the presence of EHNA increased the dATP concentration in human, equine and porcine lymphocytes 3-, 10 , and 9-fold, respectively, and decreased considerably thymidine incorporation. Deoxyadenosine without EHNA increased the dATP concentration 2-5-fold, decreased the thymidine incorporation in lymphocytes of man and horse, but stimulated incorporation in porcine lymphocytes about 5-fold. The latter results indicate that accumulation of dATP is not always associated with inhibition of cell proliferation. PMID- 6603871 TI - Stimulus dependent neural correlations in the auditory midbrain of the grassfrog (Rana temporaria L.). AB - Few-unit recordings were obtained using metal microelectrodes. Separation into single-unit spike trains was based on differences in spike amplitude and spike waveform. For that purpose a hardware microprocessor based spike waveform analyser was designed and built. Spikes are filtered by four matched filters and filter outputs at the moments of spike occurrence are read by a computer and used for off-line separation and spike waveform reconstruction. Thirty-one double unit recordings were obtained and correlation between the separated spike trains was determined. After stimulus correction correlation remained in only 8 of the double unit records. It appeared that in most cases this neural correlation was stimulus dependent. Continuous noise stimulation resulted in the strongest neural correlation remaining after correction for stimulus coupling, stimulation with 48 ms duration tonepips presented once per second generally did not result in a significant neural correlation after the correction procedure for stimulus lock. The usefulness of the additive model for neural correlation and the correction procedure based thereupon is discussed. PMID- 6603872 TI - Determination of ionic calcium in frog skeletal muscle fibers. AB - Ionic calcium concentrations were measured in frog skeletal muscle fibers using Ca-selective microelectrodes. In fibers with resting membrane potentials more negative than -85 mV, the mean pCa value was 6.94 (0.12 microM). In fibers depolarized to -73 mV with 10-mM K the mean pCa was 6.43 (0.37 microM). This increase in the intracellular [Ca2+] could be related to the higher oxygen consumption and heat production (Solandt effect) reported to occur under these conditions. Caffeine, 3 mM, also produced an increase in the free ionic calcium to a pCa of 6.52 (0.31 microM) without changes in the membrane potential. Lower caffeine concentrations, 1 and 2 mM, did not change the fiber pCa. Lower Ca concentrations in the external medium effectively reduced the internal ionic calcium to an estimated pCa of 7.43 (0.03 microM). PMID- 6603873 TI - Diffusible magnesium in frog skeletal muscle cells. AB - Total diffusible magnesium concentration in frog skeletal muscle is 5.2 mM as determined by electron probe microanalysis of 0.2 nl liquid samples. The calculated free Mg concentration, 0.2 mM, is at the lower end of the range of values reported by others as calculated by methods using nuclear magnetic resonance, Mg-selective microelectrodes, and metallochromic indicator dyes. Magnesium is but one of many elements of physiological importance in muscle that can be analyzed using this novel liquid-sampling and x-ray spectroscopic method. PMID- 6603874 TI - [Prothrombin--substrate for blood plasma kallikrein and factor XIIa]. AB - A study was made of the interaction between prothrombin and enzymes: blood plasma kallikrein and factors alpha-XIIa and beta-XIIa immobilized on enzacryl-AH. Kallikrein-induced prothrombin proteolysis was accompanied by a decrease in prothrombin activity, appearance of BAME-esterase and poor clotting activity. As a result of fractionation of products on the column with DEAE-Sephadex A-50, some fractions that have thrombin amidase activity (splitting of the substrate S-2238) and high antithrombin activity were obtained. Antithrombin activity manifested in the inhibition of fibrinmonomer aggregation during fibrin formation. During incubation with prothrombin, factors alpha-XIIa and beta-XIIa also stimulated the appearance of BAME-esterase activity. None of the immobilized enzymes activated factor X. PMID- 6603875 TI - [Mechanisms of the damaging effect of fluorescent dyes on the retina]. AB - Mechanisms of the photo-damage of a fluorescent dye (methylene blue) and of the protective action of antioxidants and quenchers of singlet oxygen on the outer retinal rod segments (ORRS) and retinal function in situ and in vivo were studied. The methylene blue-induced formation of singlet oxygen in the ORRS resulted in accumulation of lipid peroxidation products, oligomerization of rhodopsin, and in a decrease in rhodopsin thermal resistance. Modification of the lipid and protein components of the visual cells by singlet oxygen inhibited the electrical activity of both isolated frog retina in situ and rabbit retina in vivo (waves a and b on the electroretinogram). The antioxidants (alpha-naphthol, alpha-tocopherol, 4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol) and singlet oxygen quenchers, [1,4-diazabicyclo (2,2,2)octane] and alpha-tocopherol prevented the damaging effects of the fluorescent dye induced by singlet oxygen formation. PMID- 6603876 TI - [Stimulation of DNA synthesis in guinea pig spleen lymphocytes by staphylococcal peptidoglycan]. AB - The mode of action of peptidoglycan on DNA synthesis in spleen lymphocytes of intact guinea-pigs was studied. It was found that peptidoglycan isolated from Staphylococcus aureus 2287 is mainly mitogenic for B lymphocytes that have IgG receptors on their surface. In contrast to lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella typhimurium, it seems that peptidoglycan is also mitogenic for less differentiated B cells. PMID- 6603877 TI - Differences among myeloproliferative disorders in the behavior of their restricted progenitor cells in culture. AB - We have studied the behavior in culture of circulating restricted hemopoietic progenitor cells from patients with idiopathic myelofibrosis (IMF), polycythemia vera (PV), and essential thrombocytopenia (ET). We have found differences in circulating granulocyte-macrophage, erythroid, and megakaryocytic progenitors that appear to be specific for these chronic myeloproliferative disorders. In IMF, most affected were granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-C), which circulated in increased numbers and were heterogeneous in their sensitivity to the regulatory factor(s) present in phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated T lymphocyte conditioned medium (CM). Most CFU-C were either highly sensitive to, or independent from, stimulatory factors, while others showed normal sensitivity. In some IMF patients, circulating megakaryocytic progenitors (CFU-M) were present that were capable of giving rise to colonies in the absence of added CM or erythropoietin (EPO). In PV, we confirmed the presence of circulating erythroid progenitor cells that give rise to colonies in culture without the addition of EPO. The number of circulating CFU-C was normal and they responded normally to CM. In ET, failure to detect 7-day circulating restricted progenitor cells was a common observation; the level of other circulating restricted progenitors was in the low normal range. Thus, despite certain common features, including a primary lesion at the level of the pluripotential hemopoietic stem cell, the myeloproliferative disorders differ with respect to the behavior in culture of their circulating restricted progenitor cells. These results have led us to postulate a second regulatory lesion in the pluripotential stem cell that differs in these disorders and is expressed at the level of the respective restricted progenitor cells. PMID- 6603878 TI - Effect of mouse interferon on growth and differentiation of mouse bone marrow cells stimulated by two different types of colony-stimulating factor. AB - The effects of mouse L-cell interferon (IFN) on growth of mouse bone marrow cells and their differentiation into macrophages and granulocytes were investigated in a liquid suspension culture system with two different types of colony-stimulating factor (CSF). Within 7 days, most bone marrow cells differentiated into macrophages in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) derived from mouse fibroblast L929 cells, but into both granulocytes (40%) and macrophages (23%) in the presence of a granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) from mouse lung tissue. IFN inhibited growth of bone marrow cells with both M-CSF and GM-CSF, but had 20 times more effect on bone marrow cells stimulated with M-CSF than on those stimulated with GM-CSF. A low concentration of IFN (50 IU/ml) stimulated production of macrophages by GM-CSF in liquid culture medium, whereas it selectively inhibited colony formation of macrophages in semisolid agar culture. IFN caused no detectable block of late stages of differentiation; mature macrophages and granulocytes were produced even when cell proliferation was inhibited by IFN. These results indicate that IFN preferentially affects growth and differentiation of the cell lineage of macrophages among mouse bone marrow cells. PMID- 6603879 TI - A monokine regulates colony-stimulating activity production by vascular endothelial cells. AB - Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured in supernatants of peripheral blood monocytes that had been cultured for 3 days with and without lactoferrin. Colony-stimulating activity (CSA) was measured in supernatants of the endothelial cell cultures and appropriate control cultures using normal, T lymphocyte-depleted, phagocyte-depleted, low-density bone marrow cells in colony growth (CFU-GM) assays. Monocyte-conditioned medium contained a nondialyzable, heat labile factor that enhanced 4-15--fold the production of CSA by endothelial cells. The addition of lactoferrin to monocyte cultures reduced the activity of this monokine by 69%. Lactoferrin did not inhibit CSA production by monokine stimulated endothelial cells. Therefore, vascular endothelial cells are potent sources of CSA, the production of CSA by these cells is regulated by a stimulatory monokine, and the production and/or release of the monokine is inhibited by lactoferrin, a neutrophil-derived putative feedback inhibitor of granulopoiesis. Inasmuch as a similar monokine is known to stimulate CSA production by fibroblasts and T lymphocytes, we suggest that mononuclear phagocytes play a pivotal role in the regulation of granulopoiesis by recruiting a variety of cell types to produce CSA. PMID- 6603880 TI - Studies of factor IX concentrate therapy in hemophilia. AB - The effects of factor IX concentrate therapy on hemostasis in hemophilia patients were studied by means of the radiometric factor IXa assay, the coupled amidolytic assay for factor VIIa, and coagulant assays for factors II, IX, and X, and antithrombin III. Both activated and unactivated concentrates contained factors VIIa and IXa, with the highest levels in the activated concentrates. Factors VIIa and IXa were detected in patient plasma after infusion of unactivated concentrates. Increases of 3-5--fold in factors II and X were also found. Major decreases in antithrombin III activity, but not antigen, were found after unactivated concentrate therapy. This functional decrease may be due to the presence of inactive antithrombin III complexes, since a decreased mobility of antithrombin III antigen by crossed immunoelectrophoresis was found. These studies support the possible importance of factors IXa and VIIa as therapeutic agents and suggest that a transient functional deficiency in antithrombin III may be involved in the thrombotic potential of the concentrates. PMID- 6603881 TI - Tumor-induced granulopoiesis unrelated to colony-stimulating factor. AB - A transplantable granulocytosis-inducing mammary adenocarcinoma of mice was used to provide evidence about the role of tumor-generated factors in granulopoiesis. The original tumor produced high levels of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) in culture as well as inhibitor to CSF. The tumor was passaged repeatedly, both in host mice and in culture, and eventually displayed a varying capacity to induce granulocytosis. Tumors that were associated with either the induction of extreme granulocytosis or near-normal granulocyte levels were selected and passaged intermittently in vivo and in culture. Two tumor lines were thus isolated: one, line C-4a, inducing granulocytosis, and the other, line 34-4H, failing to induce granulocytosis. Both lines grow at the same rate in host mice, but in culture, each displays a distinct morphology. Measurement of CSF and inhibitor produced by each line in culture showed that line 34-4H retained the capacity to produce CSF and inhibitor in spite of losing the ability to influence granulopoiesis in vivo. This suggests that the various factors shown to influence granulopoiesis in vitro may have little or no role as physiologic regulators in vivo. PMID- 6603882 TI - A single monoclonal antibody identifies T-cell lineage of childhood lymphoid malignancies. AB - Immunophenotyping studies with monoclonal antibodies have revealed the heterogeneity of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). The lymphoid malignancies of T-cell lineage are particularly heterogeneous and, until now, no single monoclonal antibody has been found to identify all cases of T-ALL and T-NHL. A monoclonal antibody, 4H9, recognizes an antigen of 40,000 molecular weight on normal and malignant T cells. Thirty-six cases of childhood T-ALL and T-NHL were tested, and in all cases, the malignant blast cells were reactive with 4H9, whereas malignant cells from 61 cases of non T ALL and NHL were not reactive with 4H9. Monoclonal antibody 4H9 is a sensitive and specific reagent for the identification of childhood T-cell ALL and NHL and should be extremely useful in immunophenotyping studies of lymphoid malignancies. PMID- 6603883 TI - Analysis of two new leukemia-associated antigens detected on human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia using monoclonal antibodies. AB - Two monoclonal antibodies (anti-3-3 and anti-3-40) were produced, which identify two new leukemia-associated antigens. Both antibodies reacted with most cell lines derived from patients with T lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), but were not detected on suspensions of normal hematopoietic cells (including thymocytes) by cytotoxicity, absorption, or indirect immunofluorescence assays. Analysis of fresh leukemic cells indicated that anti-3-3 only reacted with T-ALL cells, while anti-3-40 also reacted with some non-T, non-B ALL cells and a few acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) cells. The 3-40 antigen was also found histopathologically in frozen sections of several normal tissues, including the epithelial cells and a few lymphoid cells of the thymus, and some malignant tissues. The 3-3 antigen was not found in any tissue studied. A "double absorption"assay provided additional serologic evidence that the two antibodies identify different antigenic determinants. Biochemical analysis indicated that the molecules immunoprecipitated by anti-3-3 and anti-3-40 have molecular weights of 35,000-40,000 daltons. This study demonstrated that the 3-3 and 3-40 antigens are markers for human T-ALL and can be used along with the normal T-lymphocyte antigen, 3A1, to discriminate T-ALL from cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), and T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (T-CLL). PMID- 6603884 TI - Phenotypes in chronic B-lymphocytic leukemia probed by monoclonal antibodies and immunoglobulin secretion studies: identification of stages of maturation arrest and the relation to clinical findings. AB - Neoplastic populations from 25 cases of B-lymphocytic leukemia (B-LL) were investigated in an attempt to define the stages of maturation arrest represented in this disease and the relationship, if any, to various clinical parameters. Intrinsic to this study was the expression of a number of B-cell antigens defined by monoclonal antibodies. These included antibodies to B1 and B2, both expressed exclusively on B lymphocytes, but with the latter probably restricted to a narrow window of differentiation, BB-1 and LB-1, both markers of activated lymphocytes, and 38.13, a monoclonal antibody raised against and recognizing an epitope expressed on Burkitt lymphoma cells. While the patterns of reactivities were complex, the cases could be classified into various groups on the basis of the phenotypes revealed. These were termed "pre-B," "early-B," "intermediate-B," "mature-B," and "secretory-B" from their patterns of immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype expression and their capacity to secrete Ig in short-term culture. Although B1 was detected on neoplastic cells from all but one case, its intensity of expression varied markedly, being strongest on the "mature-B" and "secretory-B" cases and weakest on the "pre-B" type. The expression of B2 was essentially restricted to the "intermediate-B," "mature-B," and "secretory-B" cases and was usually, but not invariably, accompanied by the coexpression of surface IgM and IgD. While expression of BB-1 was restricted to a few cases with mature features, LB-1 was more frequently detected and found predominantly on "intermediate-B" and "mature-B" cases. The 38.13 antibody was found to react weakly with a number of the populations coexpressing IgM and IgD. The export of large amounts of whole Ig was restricted to three "secretory-B" cases all of which were associated with a serum M-component corresponding to the Ig isotype secreted in vitro. In contrast, the secretion of free Ig light chains was a consistent feature of all B-LL, and the amounts detected did not vary considerably between the different types. No correlation between immunologic cell-type and the stage of the disease was apparent. Classification of the cases into "true" B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia and immunocytoma similarly revealed no strict association of these histopathologic entities with any particular phenotypic group, although those cases with the more mature features tended to be immunocytomas. The findings are discussed within the context of normal B-cell differentiation pathways. PMID- 6603886 TI - In vitro and in vivo effects of chloramine T on rat serum elastase inhibitor. AB - Recent studies have shown that oxidizing agents may block the elastase inhibitory activity of alpha 1-antiproteinase in humans and some animal species. It has been postulated that this protein plays a critical role in modulating the activity of the neutral proteinase, i.e. elastase, in the lung; its inactivation has been implicated in the destruction of lung tissue seen in emphysema. In this work, we have studied the inactivation in vitro of rat serum elastase inhibitor by chloramine T (CT) and whether the in vivo use of the same oxidizing agent in the development of a functional model of alpha 1-antiproteinase deficiency in the rat is feasible. Although serum alpha 1-antiproteinase is readily inactivated in vitro by CT, it was observed, in vivo, that serum elastase inhibitory capacity was reduced to about 28-35% of initial levels 1-3 h after CT injection, and returned to control values within 9 h. Therefore, the in vivo study demonstrated that in the rat a functional model of alpha 1-antiproteinase deficiency cannot be achieved by inactivation of the protein molecule with CT. The relatively short half-life (1.45 h) of the serum elastase inhibitor found in normal rats is consistent with a rapid synthesis of the protein molecule, which might contribute to the fast recovery of the elastase inhibitory capacity observed in experimental animals after CT administration. PMID- 6603885 TI - Effect of treatment with thymustimulin (Tp-1) on T and B cells in lymphoproliferative disorders. AB - The effect of the calf thymus extract thymustimulin (Tp-1) on lymphocyte subpopulations of 12 patients affected by lymphoproliferative disorders with low T-cell level was studied. T and B cells of four patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, three with Hodgkin's disease, one with myeloma and four with chronic lymphatic leukemia were evaluated before and after treatment for 3 months with Tp 1. The total number and the percentage of T-cells increased significantly (p less than 0.05) in patients with non Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease and myeloma and only numerically in patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia, while no significant change of the total WBC count and of the total number and percentage of B-cells occurred in any patients. These results suggest that Tp-1 treatment might be effective in restoring immunocompetence in patients with T-cell deficiency secondary to lymphoproliferative disorders. PMID- 6603887 TI - [Spectral functions of visibility in normal and pathologic vision]. PMID- 6603888 TI - Urethral stricture after cardiac surgery. AB - During January and February 1980 there was an epidemic of urethral strictures at the Royal Adelaide Hospital. These strictures all occurred in men undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. The strictures were inflammatory in nature and the patients were assessed to determine if a common aetiological factor could be identified. Follow-up has reaffirmed that inflammatory strictures are difficult to treat. Only half of the patients responded to conservative treatment; the only factor which appeared to influence the outcome of treatment was the time taken for a patient to present because of his symptoms. PMID- 6603889 TI - Corticotropin-releasing factor activates noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus. AB - Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) administered intraventricularly (0.5 nmol) was found to increase the discharge rates of locus coeruleus (LC) neurons in anesthetized rats. A similar effect on discharge rate was also observed during direct application of CRF to LC neurons by pressure microapplication. Intraventricular administration of CRF-OH, previously demonstrated to be considerably less potent in releasing ACTH, did not alter LC firing rates. These data suggest that activation of these central noradrenergic neurons may constitute an integral part of the overall 'stress response' initiated by CRF release. PMID- 6603890 TI - Mechanism of a long-chain fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase induced during the development of bioluminescence in Beneckea harveyi. AB - The kinetic mechanism of a long-chain aldehyde dehydrogenase that is induced during the development of bioluminescence in Beneckea harveyi has been investigated. Parallel lines were obtained in Lineweaver-Burk plots with NAD+ and long-chain aldehydes (heptaldehyde, nonylaldehyde). However, product and dead-end inhibitor studies, substrate protection (NAD+, aldehyde) against inactivation with N-ethylmaleimide, and in particular, a noncompetitive substrate inhibition pattern with aldehyde at high concentrations showed that aldehyde dehydrogenase had a sequential mechanism. The data were consistent with a nonrapid equilibrium random mechanism with a preferred order of addition of substrates (NAD+, aldehyde) and an ordered release of products with NADH release being the last and rate-limiting step in the reaction, a mechanism very similar to that found for short-chain mammalian aldehyde dehydrogenases. The present experiments emphasize the caution that must be taken in interpreting parallel patterns in initial velocity experiments, as well as the difficulty in classifying sequential enzyme mechanisms as either strictly ordered or random. PMID- 6603893 TI - Primary afferent depolarization in frog spinal cord is associated with an increase in membrane conductance. AB - The mechanism of primary afferent depolarization (PAD) was studied in the isolated frog spinal cord using intrafibre recording (microelectrodes filled with 0.6 M potassium sulfate) from large myelinated axons of dorsal roots. Standard current-clamp technique was used to obtain voltage-current (V-I) relationship. It was found that: (i) PAD is voltage dependent: its amplitude and rate of rise are increased with hyperpolarization; (ii) the slope of the linear part of the V-I curve obtained during PAD is decreased compared with the V-I curve at rest; (iii) the PAD equilibrium potential, estimated by extrapolation, ranged from -66 to -40 mV. These results suggest that PAD is associated with an increase in conductance of primary afferent terminals and thus seem to provide the first experimental evidence for the hypothesis that shunting of primary afferent membrane is the mechanism of presynaptic inhibition in the vertebrate nervous system. PMID- 6603892 TI - Thrombokinetic studies in normal and factor VIII-deficient canine plasmas. AB - Thrombokinetograms are graphic depictions of the optical changes occurring in plasma during the clotting process and provide information, not only on the time required for clotting to begin, but also on the way in which the clot forms. We studied thrombokinetic profiles in plasmas from normal dogs, and dogs with varying degrees of factor VIII deficiency. Clotting was induced through intrinsic, extrinsic and common coagulation pathways [activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time and thrombin time, respectively]. The thrombokinetograms for the various clotting tests were qualitatively similar in normal canine plasmas. After activation of the clotting system there was a period in which no change in optical density occurred. This period was represented by the left base line and corresponded to the duration of the clotting time. When fibrin production commenced there was a rapid increase in the rate of optical density change (DeltaOD) to a maximum (V(max)DeltaOD) in time t(1). This was followed by a more gradual reduction in DeltaOD in time t(2). The activated partial thromboplastin time thrombokinetograms for von Willebrand's disease plasmas were characterized by a reduced V(max)DeltaOD and prolonged t(1). In severe hemophilic plasma [factor VIII coagulant (F VIII:C)<1% of normal] there was a very slow increase in DeltaOD following a prolonged left baseline. The V(max)DeltaOD, t(1) and t(2) could not be determined since a peak was not attained in one minute. The prothrombin and thrombin time thrombokinetograms for von Willebrand's disease plasmas were normal. The prothrombin time thrombokinetogram for hemophilic plasma had a 2X normal V(max)DeltaOD possibly related to the relatively high fibrinogen concentration of this plasma compared to the normal. Changes in thrombokinetogram profiles may be of value in studying mild to moderate clotting factor deficiencies particularly where the clotting times are not markedly prolonged. PMID- 6603891 TI - Cold- and heat-shock induction of new gene expression in cultured amphibian cells. AB - Exposing primary epidermal cell cultures from the American bullfrog Rana catesbeiana to elevated (greater than or equal to 32 degrees C; heat shock) or depressed (less than or equal to 5 degrees C; cold shock) temperatures for a short time results in the new and (or) enhanced synthesis of a 65 000 dalton (isoelectric point (pI) 6.7-6.9) polypeptide. With increasing temperature, a marked decrease in the synthesis of polypeptides observed at the control temperature (22 degrees C) and the new and (or) enhanced synthesis of another polypeptide with a relative mass of 25 000 and a pI of 6.7-6.9 is noted. Following a 1-h incubation at 34 degrees C, at least 4 h of recovery (at 22 degrees C) is required for primary epidermal cultures to resume their preinduction pattern of protein synthesis. Similar studies using an established adult kidney epithelial cell line from the African claw-toed frog Xenopus laevis demonstrate that cells from this organism respond to heat shock but do not respond to cold shock. Xenopus cells respond to heat shock by the new and (or) enhanced synthesis of at least five polypeptides. In vitro translation of the mRNAs from heat-shocked Xenopus cells suggests that the heat-shock mRNAs from these cells are preferentially transcribed and translated during thermal stress. PMID- 6603897 TI - The doubtful relevance of nonspecific immune reactivity in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region. AB - Nonspecific immune reactivity (lymphocyte stimulation with PHA, PWM; % T-cells; absolute T-cell levels; skin reactivity to DNCB) was determined in 30 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region and in 30 age- and sex matched healthy controls. The tests were carried out in each patient at 4-week intervals for at least 1 year. The tumor patients were regularly controlled over a period of 5 years. A reduced nonspecific immune reactivity was detected for tumor patients as compared with healthy controls. However, there was no correlation between the follow-up tests on unspecific immune reactivity and the clinical course of the disease. Moreover it was not possible--on the basis of pretherapeutic unspecific immune reactivity and 5 years' clinical follow-up--to make any prognostic statement for the tumor patients tested. PMID- 6603896 TI - Sequential methotrexate-5-fluorouracil treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. AB - Thirty-six patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were treated with sequential methotrexate-5-fluorouracil followed by leucovorin rescue. The frequency of objective tumor regression obtained was 64% (complete response + partial response) with 19% complete regression. In 20 not previously treated patients, the objective response rate was 70%. Approximately the same result was obtained for tumors of different anatomical sites of the head and neck. The degree of differentiation of the squamous cell carcinoma did not seem to be of prognostic importance for the initial tumor response. Toxicity was very mild and usually disappeared when the interval between the chemotherapy courses was prolonged from 1 to 2 weeks. Radiotherapy could be added sequentially to the treatment without measurable escalated toxicity. PMID- 6603895 TI - Gastroduodenal artery aneurysm: treatment by transcatheter embolization. AB - Aneurysm of the gastroduodenal artery is a rare but well recognized complication of acute and chronic pancreatitis. It appears to be secondary to the proteolytic action of activated pancreatic enzymes on the arterial wall. A case is reported of massive, life-threatening hemorrhage in a patient with a gastroduodenal artery aneurysm. The aneurysm was diagnosed by angiography and treated by embolization with Gianturco coils, the first successful use of this technique. A review of the literature revealed that bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract is a very common clinical presentation and is frequently fatal. Arteriography followed by computerized tomography are the most specific modalities of diagnosis. PMID- 6603894 TI - Hepatotoxicity of erythromycin ethylsuccinate in a child. PMID- 6603898 TI - T-cell lymphoma-leukemia. Pathologic observations in three cases. AB - A neoplastic proliferation of T-lymphocytes with manifestations of lymphadenopathy and distinctive leukemic cells has been described recently. Histopathologic features of involved lymph nodes are quite distinctive, but mimic some features of other lymphoproliferative disorders. The abnormal cells vary considerably in size, but are characterized by strikingly convoluted and lobulated nuclei. Hypercalcemia is a frequent complication of this neoplasm. Geographic clustering of reported cases has raised the possibility of common pathogenetic factors. PMID- 6603899 TI - Clinical significance of cytostasis activity of mononuclear cells in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Cytostasis activity of mononuclear cells (MNC) was studied in 32 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with special reference to the relapse of the disease. MNC from ALL even in complete remission had decreased cytostasis activity. The cytostasis activity in ALL patients who relapsed within 3 months after the assay was significantly lower than that of the patients who continued to be in remission for more than 6 months after the assay. Serial assays in six patients demonstrated that a sudden decrease of the cytostasis activity occurred 4 to 8 weeks before the relapse when there were no apparent changes of the peripheral blood cell counts and bone marrow pictures. When relapsed, the cytostasis activity was markedly impaired. These results demonstrate that the assay of MNC cytostasis activity is a useful tool to predict or detect relapse of ALL at an earlier time. The cytostasis activity was still decreased after the cessation of chemotherapy for ALL, demonstrating a characteristic immunologic defect in ALL. PMID- 6603900 TI - The anticarcinogenic and tumor growth inhibitory activities of lymphotoxin are associated with altered membrane glycoprotein synthesis. AB - Membrane glycoprotein synthesis was studied in non-tumorigenic and tumor cells treated with the lymphokine hormone, lymphotoxin, to define the biochemical mechanisms by which lymphotoxin prevents carcinogenesis and inhibits growth of tumor cells. Syrian hamster lymphotoxin increased the synthesis of high molecular weight (50,000-250,000) membrane glycoproteins in non-tumorigenic secondary passage NIH/N Syrian hamster embryo fibroblasts and caused a decrease in the synthesis of high molecular weight glycoproteins in benzo[a]pyrene-induced hamster tumor cells. Increased glycoprotein synthesis varied directly with lymphotoxin concentration and duration of treatment and occurred contemporaneously with lymphotoxin-initiated prevention of carcinogen-induced morphologic transformation. These lymphotoxin-stimulated fluctuations in membrane glycoprotein synthesis are evidence of specific biochemical target cell changes associated with the anticarcinogenic and tumor-inhibitory actions of this immunologic hormone. PMID- 6603901 TI - Phorbol ester modulation of T-cell antigens in the Jurkat lymphoblastic leukemia cell line. AB - The effect of phorbol dibutyrate (PDB) on the cell surface antigens of the human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line, Jurkat, was studied with OKT monoclonal antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Cells were analyzed in an Ortho Spectrum III fluorescence-activated flow cytometer. The surface antigen profile of untreated Jurkat cells resembled that of thymocytes; high levels of T3, T4, T6, T8, T9, T10, and T11 antigens were detected. Although 89% of cells were positive for T11, the putative sheep erythrocyte receptor, only 12% were able to form erythrocyte (sheep) rosettes. Exposure of the cells to 1.0 microM PDB for up to 7 days resulted in a rapid loss in T4 expression and a slower decrease in T6 reactivity, while the percentage of cells positive for T3, T8, T10, and T11 remained high. T4 reappeared on the cell surface when PDB was removed by washing. T11 antigen density increased 70%, and this was accompanied by an increase in the percentage of erythrocyte-rosetting cells from 12 to 55%. These changes in cell surface antigens induced by PDB suggested differentiation to a more mature state (i.e., a precursor cytotoxic-suppressor T-lymphocyte, T3+T8+T10+T11+). However, the reversibility of the change in T4 expression indicated that T4 loss was not a manifestation of terminal differentiation but rather was consistent with a phorbol ester-induced modulation of the cell surface T4 antigen. PMID- 6603902 TI - Characteristic immunological responses to an experimental mouse brain tumor. AB - Immunological responses to an experimental brain tumor of mice [the 20 methylcholanthrene-induced malignant glioma, 203-glioma)] were investigated. The killer T-cell activity of spleen cells, which was specific against 203-glioma cells, began to be severely impaired 2 weeks after intracranial inoculation; this impairment was concurrent with increased intracranial pressure, which was due to developing tumor growth. On the other hand, the killer T-cell activity continued for over 4 weeks in mice inoculated with the mitomycin C-treated tumor cells. Surface marker analysis showed that Lyt-1-2,3+ killer T-cells were predominant in intracranial tumor-bearing mice, whereas both Lyt-1-,2,3+ and Lyt-1+,2,3+ killer T-cells were equally present in s.c. tumor-bearing mice. The effects of adult thymectomy on the immune responses against 203-glioma were also investigated in intracranial and s.c. tumor-bearing mice. In both the intracranially and s.c. inoculated groups, killer T-cell activity was increased in mice thymectomized before 3 weeks and decreased in mice thymectomized before 10 weeks. In these mice, Lyt-1+,2,3+ killer T-cells were not detected, which suggests strongly that the progenitors of Lyt-1+,2,3+ killer T-cells are short-lived lymphocytes in contrast to those of Lyt-1-,2,3+ killer T-cells, which survive more than 10 weeks after adult thymectomy. PMID- 6603904 TI - Resistance to 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine in cultured leukemia L 1210 cells. AB - A cultured line of L1210 leukemia cells, designated L1210/ara-A, was selected for resistance to 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-A) by a series of 72-hr exposures to increasing concentrations of ara-A in the presence of 1 microM deoxycoformycin. Cells of the resistant line were about one-tenth as sensitive as were cells of the parent line to the effects of ara-A on proliferation, viability, and tumorigenicity. Cross-resistance, as determined by comparison of drug effects on rates of proliferation of L1210/C2 and L1210/ara-A cells, was seen with adenosine, deoxyadenosine, methylmercaptopurine ribonucleoside, tubercidin, and cordycepin but not with 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine or with 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine. The levels of resistance to methylmercaptopurine ribonucleoside, cordycepin, and tubercidin were considerably greater than that seen with ara-A itself. L1210/C2 and L1210/ara-A cells were compared with respect to the effects of ara-A on cell size distributions, DNA distributions, labeling indices, and apparent rates of DNA synthesis, and the differences seen were consistent with inhibition of DNA synthesis and unbalanced growth as the major mechanism of ara-A cytotoxicity. The decreased sensitivity of DNA synthesis in L1210/ara-A cells treated with ara-A, relative to L1210/C2 cells, was due to reduced intracellular accumulation of ara-A phosphates in the resistant line. Phosphorylation of ara-A, adenosine, and tubercidin, but not deoxyadenosine or deoxycytidine, was greatly reduced in intact L1210/ara-A cells, relative to L1210/C2 cells, and adenosine kinase activity in extracts of L1210/ara-A cells was negligible. Resistance to ara-A, and cross-resistance to tubercidin, methylmercaptopurine ribonucleoside, and cordycepin is attributed to loss of adenosine kinase activity. PMID- 6603903 TI - Improved therapeutic index with sequential N-phosphonacetyl-L-aspartate plus high dose methotrexate plus high-dose 5-fluorouracil and appropriate rescue. AB - Although clinical trials of high-dose methotrexate (MTX) sequenced before 5 fluorouracil (FUra) with leucovorin (LV) rescue apparently have resulted in increased numbers of tumor responses, this increased antitumor activity often has been accompanied with toxicity. The present report describes an attempt to improve therapeutic results with this drug combination by appropriate metabolic modulation in the preclinical BALB/c X DBA/8 F1 murine breast tumor model. A LV rescue schedule consisting of 300 mg/kg administered at 4.5 and 19.5 hr after high-dose MTX (300 mg/kg/week for 3 weeks) prevented MTX toxicity. When FUra was administered 2.5 hr after MTX (with LV rescue), the dose of FUra had to be decreased, and we could not obtain convincing evidence for a differential cytotoxic effect on tumor versus normal host tissue. However, when a delayed uridine rescue schedule was added to protect the host from the toxic activity of FUra, the FUra dose could be increased even in the presence of high-dose MTX, and the therapeutic result was enhanced significantly without an increase in host toxicity. Finally, it was possible to add N-phosphonacetyl-L-aspartate to this drug combination (in the appropriate sequence: N-phosphonacetyl-L-aspartate before high-dose MTX-before high-dose FUra, followed by double rescue with LV and uridine) without producing increased toxicity to yield a significant increase in partial tumor regression rate. The biochemical rationale for the selection and sequence of administration of these agents is discussed. PMID- 6603905 TI - Differentiation antigens of human hemopoietic cells: patterns of reactivity of two monoclonal antibodies. AB - Two mouse anti-human monoclonal antibodies (S3.13 and S5.7) raised against cells of acute myelogenous leukemia were found to react with antigens expressed on the surface of subsets of monocytes and lymphocytes. S3.13 precipitates a peptide of Mr 29,000, and S5.7 precipitates a peptide of Mr 20,000 present on the surface of all the cell types tested. These two surface antigens were distributed on discrete subpopulations of normal hemopoietic cells. The antibodies reacted with all (S5.7) or a subpopulation (S3.13) of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes, and with a subset of monocytes. Both antibodies reacted with bone marrow blast cell progenitors of the myelomonocytes and erythroid lineage. S5.7 also reacted with non-T-lymphocytes and with cells of the eosinophilic lineage. Both antigens disappeared from the cell surface during normal myeloid and erythroid differentiation. Thus, these monoclonal antibodies define the molecular characteristics and the cellular distribution of two differentiation antigens present on cells of the hemopoietic lineage. PMID- 6603906 TI - Establishment and characterization of a new human functional cell line from a choriocarcinoma. AB - A new human functional tumor cell line, designated as T3M-3, has been established from a xenotransplanted choriocarcinoma grown in nude mice. One of the biggest problems of the in vitro culture of these tumor cells using the xenotransplanted tumors had been the dense contamination of fibroblasts of host nude mouse origin. In the present study, these fibroblasts were completely removed by incubating the cells with antiserum raised against nude mouse spleen cells. The cell line established from the remaining tumor cells has been successfully propagated in vitro for as long as 4 years. These cells show the morphology of epithelioid cells containing a prominent nucleus with one or two large nucleoli. The cells grow in a monolayered sheet with the population-doubling time of 19 hr. The cells show perfect tumor takes when they are reinoculated into nude mice. Chromosomal analysis revealed that the cell is a human aneuploid one with a hypotriploid mode. These cultured cells maintained well the function of secreting large amounts of human chorionic gonadotropin, progesterone, and estrogen. The secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin and progesterone by these cells is enhanced by stimulation with tumor promoters, such as 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate and teleocidin B, or with epidermal growth factor in a dose-and time dependent manner. Interestingly, however, the tumor promoters did not exert a marked effect on the cellular binding of epidermal growth factor, indicating that the receptors for these reagents in T3M-3 cells are not shared by epidermal growth factor. PMID- 6603907 TI - Clinical utility of different tumor markers in breast cancer and gynecological malignancies. AB - The present study was performed to determine the preoperative response rates of eight different tumor markers in patients with preoperative diagnosis of gynecological carcinomas including breast cancer, and to determine by follow-up studies changes of serum levels of these markers in patients after primary operative treatment. In 457 patients with gynecological malignancies the following markers were determined: sialic acid transferase, carcinoembryonic antigen, tissue polypeptide antigen, alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-2-macroglobulin, C-reactive protein, pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein, pregnancy-associated alpha-2-glycoprotein. The different markers were determined simultaneously. Serving as controls were 439 patients with benign gynecological disorders. The validity of each single marker in comparison to the others was analyzed by statistical methods. For the purpose of preoperative diagnosis of gynecological carcinomas none of these eight markers gave satisfactory results. Followup studies demonstrated that changes in the serum levels of these markers correlated with the course of the disease and actually showed a "lead time" over clinical diagnosis. The simultaneous evaluation of the different markers was clearly superior in comparison with any single marker determination. PMID- 6603908 TI - Atherosclerosis and the internal mammary arteries. AB - One hundred and fifty patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), 14 (9.3%) of whom had coexisting peripheral vascular disease, underwent bilateral internal mammary arteriography to study the incidence and extent of atherosclerosis in these vessels. Significant atherosclerosis of the internal mammary arteries (IMAs) was present in three patients (2%), of whom one had coexisting peripheral vascular disease. Lesions in the IMAs were found either proximally, close to the origin or distally, around the terminal bifurcation. Six of the 14 patients with peripheral vascular disease (4% of total subjects) had significant atherosclerosis of the brachiocephalic arteries. Atherosclerotic involvement of the IMA is very unusual and rarely interferes with the use of these vessels for coronary bypass. More common, however, is atherosclerosis of the subclavian arteries, a contraindication for IMA grafting if the lesion is proximal to the IMA origin. PMID- 6603909 TI - Observations on the blood-testis barrier in a frog and a salamander. AB - A blood-testis barrier has been demonstrated in a frog, Rana esculenta, and in a salamander, Salamandra salamandra, using lanthanum as an electron-dense marker during fixation. The tracer penetrates the interstices between somatic follicle or Sertoli cells and germ cells in regions of the testis containing spermatogonia and spermatocytes, up to the level of punctate tight junctions. The latter can be localized between the somatic cells that line seminiferous units containing spermatids and mature spermatozoa. The barrier thus appears to be established after meiosis in both species investigated, although spermatids of different developmental stages can be found in open compartments of the testis in S. salamandra. PMID- 6603910 TI - [Preliminary observation on the factors affecting the conversion rate of acute bacillary dysentery to chronic states]. PMID- 6603911 TI - In vitro suppression of cell-mediated immunity by ferroproteins and ferric salts. PMID- 6603912 TI - [Vestibuloneurologic findings in children with severe hearing disorders]. PMID- 6603913 TI - Breast-feeding and fertility regulation: current knowledge and programme policy implications. PMID- 6603914 TI - Antimicrobial resistance. AB - The development of antimicrobial drugs, and particularly of antibiotics, has played a considerable role in substantially reducing the morbidity and mortality rates of many infectious diseases. However, the fact that bacteria can develop resistance to antibiotics has produced a situation where antimicrobial agents are losing their effectiveness because of the spread and persistence of drug resistant organisms. To combat this, more and more antibiotics with increased therapeutic and prophylactic action will need to be developed.This article is concerned with antibiotic resistance in bacteria which are pathogenic to man and animals. The historical background is given, as well as some information on the present situation and trends of antibiotic resistance to certain bacteria in different parts of the world. Considerable concern is raised over the use of antibiotics in man and animals. It is stated that antibiotic resistance in human pathogens is widely attributed to the "misuse" of antibiotics for treatment and prophylaxis in man and to the administration of antibiotics to animals for a variety of purposes (growth promotion, prophylaxis, or therapy), leading to the accumulation of resistant bacteria in their flora. Factors favouring the development of resistance are discussed. PMID- 6603915 TI - [Perspectives on mental health at the beginning of the 80s]. PMID- 6603916 TI - Control of antibiotic-resistant bacteria: memorandum from a WHO meeting. AB - Control of the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is essential for the appropriate use of antibiotics for prophylaxis and treatment of infections. Hospitals are regarded as the place where antibiotic-resistant bacteria might often develop. Control of antibiotic use in hospitals is therefore one of the most important measures for effective control of antibiotic resistance. Another effective means to control antibiotic resistance is to develop a surveillance programme on a national, and international scale. This would be of great assistance, especially for forecasting future changes in the resistance of bacteria. The prevention of disease by measures other than the use of antibiotics could also reduce antibiotic resistance.This Memorandum of the WHO Scientific Working Group on Antibiotic Resistance describes the measures for controlling the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria by (a) the surveillance of antibiotic resistance, including surveillance of resistance in human pathogens and resistance determinants in the general population, and (b) control of antibiotic use in hospitals, the essential elements of which are the establishment of appropriate hospital antibiotic policy, elaboration of general strategy, and the monitoring of antibiotic use. Further research needs are also described and a number of areas are indicated where research might lead to improvements in antibiotic use and in methods for the containment of resistance. Guidelines for the appropriate use of antibiotics are presented in an Annex. PMID- 6603917 TI - Arthropod- and rodent-borne viral and rickettsial diseases in the WHO South-East Asia and Western Pacific regions: memorandum from a WHO meeting. AB - Arthropod- and rodent-borne viral and rickettsial diseases continue to be one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in the WHO South-East Asia and Western Pacific Regions. Both epidemics and sporadic cases occur. In some years, outbreaks of dengue haemorrhagic fever and Japanese encephalitis reached alarming proportions. The significance of other arthropod- and rodent-borne viral and rickettsial diseases has still to be determined. Therefore, continuous epidemiological surveillance, diagnosis, and control of these groups of diseases remains an urgent task.The objectives, targets, priority areas, and strategies for future plans of action have been identified and recommendations formulated. PMID- 6603918 TI - [Use of veterinary vaccines for preventing and combatting Rift Valley fever: memorandum of a WHO/FAO meeting]. PMID- 6603919 TI - [Improvement of malarial vaccines: memorandum of a USAID/WHO meeting]. PMID- 6603921 TI - Cost analysis of a primary health care centre in Bangladesh. AB - This report describes the first-ever cost analysis of a primary health care centre in Bangladesh. The aim was to provide information on costs incurred on various health care activities available in a thana health complex, in relation to the number of patients and the intensity of use of services.Overall costs were estimated by examining records and papers and by interviewing staff. Cost apportionment was carried out in three stages. In the first stage, all direct expenditure was calculated for each activity, e.g., wards, outpatient department, tuberculosis services, etc. In the second stage, general service costs, covering water, sanitation, security, and administration were divided among the various services. In the third stage, the costs of laboratory services were distributed according to the number of examinations carried out for each service.The capital costs for 1979 were US$ 36 382, of which 84.6% were incurred on the buildings. Recurrent costs for 1979 were US$ 59 556, i.e., 62% of overall costs, reflecting the labour intensiveness of the health complex. The distribution of the costs among the various health care activities was detailed. It was found that, in general, the cost per unit of activity depended mainly on the intensity of use of the resources, e.g., unit costs incurred in the outpatient department, maternal and child health services, and subcentres were relatively low because of the high rate of utilization of services.This study has demonstrated that it is possible to estimate unit costs in a thana health complex. It is hoped that the methods used here will provide a basis for further work of a similar nature. PMID- 6603920 TI - Replacement of intravenous therapy by oral rehydration solution in a large treatment centre for diarrhoea with dehydration. PMID- 6603922 TI - [Incidence of blindness and its epidemiological aspects in a rural region of western Africa]. PMID- 6603923 TI - Estimation of incidence of poliomyelitis by three survey methods in different regions of the United Republic of Cameroon. AB - Surveys were conducted in one urban and two rural regions of the United Republic of Cameroon to estimate the annual incidence of paralytic poliomyelitis. Three different survey methods were used: a review of hospital and clinic registers, a school survey, and a house-to-house survey. The house-to-house survey identified the highest number of lame children and gave estimates of incidence of between 18.8 and 32.6 per 100 000 population in the three regions. The estimates of incidence obtained by the two other survey methods in the urban region did not differ significantly from that obtained by house-to-house survey but, in the rural regions, were significantly lower. It is concluded that house-to-house surveys are a sensitive method of identifying lame children in both urban and rural regions. School surveys and review of hospital and clinic registers, while equally sensitive in urban regions, are less sensitive in rural regions and may significantly underestimate the annual incidence of paralytic poliomyelitis. These limitations should be borne in mind when using the survey methods. PMID- 6603924 TI - Descriptive epidemiology of acute myocardial infarction in Kuwait, 1978. AB - In 1978 there were 428 cases of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) among the 18 000 patients admitted to the medical wards of the two main general hospitals in Kuwait; of these, 360 (84%) were males and 171 (40%) were Kuwaitis. The male crude incidence rate (13.1 per 10 000 population per year) was 3.7 times the female rate; male age-group specific rates were greater than corresponding female rates for all age groups, although the ratio of male to female rates decreased with increasing age. AMI incidence rates increased with increasing age in both sexes for Kuwaitis and non-Kuwaitis.Kuwaitis living in high or medium socioeconomic status areas had significantly higher AMI incidence rates (6.6 and 4.5 per 10 000 population per year, respectively) than Kuwaitis in low status areas (2.5 per 10 000 population per year). Managers, administrators, professionals, and technical workers had the highest AMI rates, though the mean age and socioeconomic status did not differ among those affected in these occupational groups. Twenty per cent of the patients had been admitted previously for AMI, 22% had a hypertension history, 30% a diabetes mellitus history, and 71% a smoking history. Female patients were more often hypertensive and diabetic, but less often smokers, than males. Kuwaitis, diabetics, and those with a previous admission for acute myocardial infarction had increased mean serum cholesterol levels. Of the 16% of patients who had died in the hospital, half died within 48 hours of admission. Those who died were older and had lower systolic and diastolic blood pressures and lower serum cholesterol levels than the survivors. Twenty-seven per cent of those with extensive anterior myocardial infarcts died compared with 12% of those with acute infarcts in other locations. Those who died within 48 hours of admission had lower systolic and diastolic blood pressures than those who died later. PMID- 6603926 TI - Warning on a new potential for laboratory-acquired infections as a result of the new nomenclature for the plague bacillus. AB - The new name for the plague bacillus (formerly "Yersinia pestis") is Y. pseudotuberculosis subsp. pestis, while the pseudotuberculosis bacillus is named Y. pseudotuberculosis subsp. pseudotuberculosis. Any tendency to abbreviate these names on labels of cultures, especially by omitting the subspecies epithet, must be avoided because of the risk of confusion between the dangerous plague organism and the pseudotuberculosis bacillus. PMID- 6603925 TI - Effect of two years of educational intervention on adolescent smoking (the North Karelia Youth Project). AB - A two-year educational intervention programme was carried out to try to prevent the onset of smoking among 13-15-year-olds in the county of North Karelia in eastern Finland. The aim of the programme was to teach the children skills to resist social pressures towards smoking. Older students (peer leaders) were trained to conduct the programme, which was directly managed in two schools and voluntarily implemented by the staff of about half of the remaining 23 schools in the county. Both types of intervention were associated with a significant reduction in self-reported onset rates of smoking. It is concluded that this type of innovative approach, based on modern psychosocial principles, is needed to control the smoking epidemic among adolescents. PMID- 6603927 TI - Cellular immunity and IgE levels in asthmatic children. AB - Several reports have suggested that asthmatic children may be particularly vulnerable to viral respiratory infections, in addition to this, abnormal cellular regulation has been suggested as an explanation for the increased IgE levels in atopy. Despite such evidence there have been few studies evaluating cellular immune function in asthmatic children. This study has examined in vivo and in vitro aspects of cellular immune function in twenty-six atopic asthmatic children and compared them with nineteen age-matched non-atopic control subjects. In vivo cellular immunity was assessed by quantitating the cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity (CDH) response to four ubiquitous antigens. Lymphocyte responsiveness to three polyclonal mitogens was measured in vitro. The serum IgE level was determined in all study subjects. The results indicate that CDH to Candida antigen is significantly diminished among the asthmatic subjects and lessened to streptokinase/streptodornase. Lymphocyte mitogen response did not differ significantly between the study groups. No correlation could be shown between in vitro lymphocyte responsiveness and IgE level. These studies suggest that a subtle cellular immune defect may exist in asthmatic children and support the need for further studies of this question. PMID- 6603928 TI - Serum alpha-cysteine proteinase inhibitor levels in pregnancy. AB - Variation in alpha-cysteine proteinase inhibitor levels in human sera were investigated with special attention to the effect of pregnancy and diseases. The inhibitor level in 111 pregnant women, examined by our previous method, increased as the pregnancy advanced. The correlation coefficient between the level and the duration, r, was 0.578 with the level of significance p less than 0.001. The mean value for 50 pregnant women in the third trimester of gestation was 0.49 +/- 0.04 unit/mL, which was 47% higher than the control value, 0.33 +/- 0.04 unit/mL (p less than 0.001). However, the levels in patients with myoma of uterus, endometritis, cervical cancer, ovarian cyst and ovarian cancer were not significantly different from the control value. From these results, it was concluded that pregnancy enhanced appreciably the alpha-cysteine proteinase inhibitor level in serum. PMID- 6603929 TI - Radioimmunoassay of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D2: studies on the metabolism of vitamin D2 in man. AB - A sensitive radioimmunoassay for 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D2 was developed using a sheep antiserum which preferentially reacts with 1-hydroxylated forms of vitamin D. An improved isolation procedure was also developed using acetonitrile for the initial extraction of serum followed by chromatography on cartridges of C18 silica and high pressure liquid chromatography eluted with a ternary solvent system to separate 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D2 and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3. 25 hydroxy vitamin D2 and 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 were separated by further reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography prior to competitive protein binding assay. The limits of detection were 4.3 pmol/1 (2.0 pg/ml) for the 1,25-dihydroxy metabolites and 1.25 nmol/1 (0.5 ng/ml) for both 25-hydroxy vitamin D2 and 25 hydroxy vitamin D3. 25-hydroxy vitamin D2 ranged from 2.0 to 11.3 nmol/1 (0.8-4.5 ng/ml) with a mean of 4.75 nmol/1 (1.9 ng/ml) in thirteen healthy British adults and this accounted for 9.0% of the mean total 25-hydroxy vitamin D. 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D2 was detected in the sera of only one of these subjects whereas 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 was present in all ranging from 48 to 163 pmol/1 (20-65 pg/ml) with a mean of 100 pmol/1 (42 pg/ml). Both 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D2 and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 were detected in the sera of hypoparathyroid patients treated with vitamin D2 but the relationship between 25 hydroxy vitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D was complex. For example, when an excess of 25-hydroxy vitamin D2 was present the serum concentration of 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3 was disproportionately high. Conversely, in patients who had previously been treated with vitamin D2 but were receiving only vitamin D3 at the time of study, the major 25-hydroxy metabolite was in the vitamin D3 form and there was a disproportionately high amount of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D2. Total 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D ranged from 110 to 400 pmol/1 (45-165 pg/ml) and was above the upper limit of normal for 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 in half of these hypoparathyroid patients treated with pharmacological doses of vitamin D. PMID- 6603930 TI - Post-caloric secondary phase nystagmus. AB - Spontaneous direction reversal of a peripherally induced nystagmus, known as secondary phase nystagmus, can be found following a thermal stimulus. In 120 patients with various vestibular symptoms, post-caloric secondary phase nystagmus has been examined and its diagnostic value is discussed. Although the mechanism responsible for the post-caloric secondary phase nystagmus is not clear, there seem to be three factors that play a role in its occurrence: a the intensity of the stimulus; b the sensitivity of the vestibular and optokinetic systems; c the anatomical features of the external and middle ear. Because of these multiple factors, it is difficult to define the diagnostic value of the secondary phase nystagmus. However, we assume that secondary phase nystagmus is due to the adaptation of the organism to the peripheral vestibular stimulus, and factors mentioned above may induce or suppress its occurrence. PMID- 6603931 TI - Experimental and clinical study on ATP-MgCl2 administration for postischemic acute renal failure. AB - The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of ATP-MgCl2 on the recovery of renal function following renal ischemia. Bilateral renal ischemia was produced for 90 minutes in dogs. Immediately after the release of ischemia, ATP MgCl2 (50 mumoles/kg) was given intravenously. Serum creatinine and FeNa were measured following the release of ischemia. Renal cellular energy charge, glomerular endothelial thickness and per cent circularity of interstitial cells were measured. Creatinine and FeNa were significantly lower in ATP-MgCl2 treated dogs compared to those in saline treated controls. Changes in energy charge, glomerular endothelial thickness and per cent circularity indicated ischemically induced renal cellular edema was reversed with ATP-MgCl2 through the improvement of energy metabolism. Taking those experimental data into consideration, ATP MgCl2 was given to 16 acute renal failure patients and 13 patients survived. ATP MgCl2 administration is effective for the treatment of acute renal failure. PMID- 6603932 TI - Immunological study of IgA deficiency during anticonvulsant therapy in epileptic patients. AB - Of 10 epileptic children with IgA deficiency, one showed normal IgA synthesis and secretion on in vitro pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulated lymphocyte culture in contrast to IgA deficiency in vivo, two showed IgA synthesis in cytoplasm without any release of IgA into the supernatant and seven failed to synthesize IgA. Co cultures with allogeneic T or B cells in various combinations with PWM showed intrinsic IgA-B cell defect without T cell defect in two of the second group affected at IgA secretion and in five of the third group, and intrinsic IgA-B defect with dysfunction of T cells in two of the third group. Thus, the IgA deficiency in these epileptic patients was demonstrated to be heterogenous. PMID- 6603933 TI - A longitudinal study of leucocyte blood counts and lymphocyte responses in pregnancy: a marked early increase of monocyte-lymphocyte ratio. AB - Seventy-seven pregnant women were studied repeatedly from the first trimester until 4 weeks after delivery. Neutrophil count was increased but constant in all stages of pregnancy. In contrast, there was a marked increase in monocyte numbers in the first and early second trimester, followed by a gradual decrease towards normal before term. A progressive decrease in total lymphocyte count was observed up to 25-28 weeks, when it increased again, although not reaching the non pregnant level before term. These fluctuations in monocyte and lymphocyte numbers have not been described before and could explain contradictory findings of previous studies. They may also be important in relation to the mechanisms which prevent rejection of the fetal allograft. Absolute T cell counts were not significantly decreased, but a striking reduction was observed in B cell numbers in early pregnancy. Lymphocyte response to T cell mitogens was decreased throughout pregnancy. It is concluded that immunological studies of pregnancy must take account of the dynamic nature of this condition. PMID- 6603934 TI - Characterization of anti-Fab' antibodies in human sera: identification of soluble immune complexes that contain hidden anti-KLH and blocking anti-immunoglobulins following immunization with keyhole limpet haemocyanin. AB - After immunization with keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH), increased concentrations of anti-KLH and anti-Fab' antibodies (Abs) were demonstrated in sera from 18 of 20 volunteers. In many cases, post-immunization sera contained soluble immune complexes that incorporated both anti-Fab' and 'hidden' or 'blocked' anti-KLH antibodies. The complexes containing hidden anti-KLH and blocking anti-Fab' Abs were not found in pre-immunization sera. The hidden Abs to KLH were revealed by demonstrating increases in anti-KLH activity in sera incubated previously with Fab' fragments, immobilized on plastic microtitre tray wells. Incubation with insoluble Fab' did not influence the quantity of anti tetanus toxoid (TT) that was detected in these sera. Addition of affinity purified anti-Fab' Abs to samples, previously 'unblocked' by adsorption with immobilized Fab', depressed their anti-KLH activity to levels present before adsorption, but did not change the quantity of Abs to Dermatophytin, Trychophyton, or TT therein. These results suggest that some autoantibodies generically recognized as 'Fab' specific' have properties that are usually considered to be characteristic of autoanti-idiotypes. PMID- 6603935 TI - Potentiation of specific human in vitro immune responses by the Fc portion of human immunoglobulin. AB - Fc fragments derived from a human IgG1 myeloma protein were found to be a potent adjuvant for in vitro human immune responses. The addition of Fc to cultures of human PBL along with SRBC resulted in a pronounced enhancement of the primary in vitro anti-SRBC response. In addition to potentiating the humoral immune response, Fc was also found to augment the tetanus toxoid-induced T cell proliferative response. Augmentation of the immune response is mediated by Fc and not the result of an artifact due to the addition of extraneous protein to culture because neither intact IgG1 nor Fab fragments derived from this myeloma protein possessed any adjuvant properties. The temporal relationship of the administration of antigen and Fc to culture is critical for the potentiation of the immune response. The maximal Fc adjuvant effect was observed when Fc was added with antigen at the beginning of culture. PMID- 6603936 TI - Thymostimulin therapy in melanoma patients: correlation of immunologic effects with clinical course. AB - Thirty-two nonmetastatic melanoma patients with low T-lymphocyte values were treated with a thymic extract, thymostimulin (TS) (8 patients), DTIC (8 patients), or surgery alone (16 patients). In the 8 patients receiving TS, active E-rosette (T-Ea) and total E-rosette (T-Et) counts rose to normal levels and there was a significant rise in IgM and IgD receptors. Six out of eight patients treated with TS showed no evidence of metastases after 34 months, while 7/8 patients on DTIC and 13/16 patients on surgery alone developed metastases. Twenty metastatic patients with low T-lymphocyte values received either DTIC plus TS or DTIC alone. Total lymphocyte, T-Ea, and T-Et counts did not increase in either group nor was there a significant difference between the group on DTIC plus TS and the group on DTIC alone. The survival rate of patients on DTIC plus TS did not differ significantly from that on DTIC alone. PMID- 6603937 TI - A human thymoma with prothymocyte-like infiltration. AB - We have examined a human thymoma, round-oval epithelial-type cell with moderate lymphocytic infiltration, whose major lymphocytic component (67%), unlike the minor one (33%), did not form rosettes with sheep red blood cells (E rosettes). However, these cells were of T-cell nature as indicated by the positive staining for both acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase, two well-accepted cytochemical markers for T cells. The non-E-rosetting lymphocytes expressed T 10, but not T 3 and T 6 antigens. Moreover, they lacked both peanut agglutinin and Fc-IgG receptors. On the contrary, 71 and 19% of the E-rosetting cells were PNA- and Fc IgM-receptor positive, respectively. Furthermore, the non-E-rosetting cells were phytohemagglutinin unresponsive. The non-E-rosetting lymphocytes were larger (greater than 7 micron) than the E-rosetting cells and showed a different nuclear chromatin pattern. These immunological, cytochemical, and morphological features strikingly resemble those exhibited by cells (prothymocytes) normally found only in fetal thymus. On the basis of these findings we hypothesize the existence in this thymoma of a prothymocyte-like infiltration. PMID- 6603938 TI - Potentiation of nephrotoxic serum nephritis in Lewis rats by Freund's complete adjuvant--possible role for cellular immune mechanisms. AB - Lewis rats receiving subnephritic doses of nephrotoxic serum (NTS) showed increased albuminuria and glomerular histopathologic alterations during the autologous phase of nephrotoxic nephritis (NTN) when they received simultaneous footpad injections of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). Lymph nodal lymphocytes from such experimental rats showed increased in vitro cellular sensitization to the nephrotoxic IgG as measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation. Such a lymphocyte blastogenesis response was not detected in rats receiving the same doses of FCA or NTS alone. Antibody titers to the nephrotoxic rabbit IgG were not different in the two groups of rats as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The transfer of lymph nodal mononuclear cells from rats with NTN potentiated by FCA, was able to induce albuminuria and glomerular histopathologic alterations in recipients treated with NTS. In the above experimental model FCA appears to potentiate the autologous phase of NTN by cellular immune mechanisms. PMID- 6603940 TI - Constant direct-current treatment for established nonunion of the tibia. AB - The treatment of nonunion of the tibia in 40 patients by constant direct current was evaluated in a prospective survey. The method was simple to apply and the complication rate was low, but considerable cooperation is required on the part of patients. The success rate was 85%. When two patients who had significant fracture gaps and the one patient who had an undetected synovial pseudarthrosis were excluded, the corrected, realistic success rate was 92.5%. The results are equal to or better than those obtained by bone grafting; the method eliminates the complications of open bone operations. Although the precise biophysical mechanisms actively involved in this nonunion therapy are not to date fully comprehended, it is clear that the technique has been safe and beneficial in the majority of cases. PMID- 6603941 TI - Transcutaneous muscle stimulation to retard disuse atrophy after open meniscectomy. AB - Immobilization of an extremity inevitably results in disuse muscle atrophy. The effectiveness of transcutaneous muscle stimulation by a portable device in preventing atrophy has been determined. Ten patients treated by open meniscectomy and given the usual isometric training were matched with ten patients in whom electrostimulation, consisting of a strong, tetanizing, five-second sustained muscular contraction about 400 times/day, was used for two weeks. Muscular strength and leg circumference were measured before surgery and four weeks after surgery. The electrically stimulated group had a significantly smaller loss of muscle volume and muscle strength, were able to walk earlier without crutches, had a greater range of knee motion, had much less postoperative knee swelling, and used significantly less pain medication. Transcutaneous electrical stimulation may prevent muscle atrophy due to immobilization, thereby shortening rehabilitation time. PMID- 6603939 TI - Circulating immunoglobulin-secreting cells in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The level of circulating cells secreting IgG, IgM, and IgA (IgSC) provides insight into the degree of in vivo polyclonal B-cell activation (PBA). Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) exhibit abnormalities in humoral immune responses suggestive of augmented in vivo polyclonal B-cell activation. Therefore, a protein A reverse hemolytic plaque assay was used to measure the level of circulating IgSC in 32 RA patients. The mean level of circulating IgSC in RA patients was 3602 +/- 747 (SEM) compared to a mean of 1407 +/- 443 in patients with other types of arthritis and 1253 +/- 216 (P less than 0.02) in healthy volunteers. Levels found in RA patients did not appear to reflect disease activity or concomitant corticosteroid therapy. However, a subset of RA patients receiving gold therapy had levels of IgSC (1381 +/- 501) similar to those seen in healthy volunteers (P greater than 0.5). These data are consistent with augmented in vivo polyclonal B-cell activation in RA. In addition they suggest that gold affects mechanisms controlling in vivo B-cell activation. PMID- 6603942 TI - Dental services in Britain. PMID- 6603943 TI - Determinants of oral health in university students. PMID- 6603945 TI - The role of pulp capping. One man's opinion. PMID- 6603944 TI - Reimpaction of a first permanent maxillary molar due to an obscure idiopathic etiology. PMID- 6603946 TI - Are pit and fissure sealants the ultimate in preventive dentistry? PMID- 6603947 TI - Iron deficiency and dental caries. A pilot study. PMID- 6603948 TI - Softening effects of bases on composite resins. PMID- 6603949 TI - Mouthwash--a potential source of acute alcohol poisoning in young children. PMID- 6603950 TI - Periodontal disease in children. PMID- 6603951 TI - Interrupted root development--a new form of dentin dysplasia. PMID- 6603953 TI - Micromorphology of sodium fluoride-induced reaction products on enamel. PMID- 6603952 TI - Pigmentation of the oral mucosa after root canal filling with AH-26. A light and electron microscopic study. PMID- 6603954 TI - The immunological assessment of alpha 1-antitrypsin with reference to its function in bronchial secretions. AB - The quantification of alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) by standard immunological techniques is altered by interaction of the protein with leucocyte elastase. The results obtained for alpha 1-antitrypsin-leucocyte elastase mixtures in the presence of a functional excess of the inhibitor were relatively accurate for the first 6 h. However, continued incubation for more than 24 h led to a major overestimation of the alpha 1AT as the result of breakdown of the enzyme inhibitor complex releasing a partially proteolysed form of the inhibitor. In the presence of excess enzyme up to a twofold overestimation of alpha 1AT occurred within 1 h and the degree of overestimation increased with time (up to threefold at 24 h). This was eventually associated with the presence of only a partially proteolysed form of alpha 1AT (mol wt. approximately equal to 50 000). Different results for each sample were obtained when different polyclonal antisera were used to quantify the alpha 1AT. Complete inactivation of alpha 1AT by oxidation resulted in little change in the immunological quantification of the protein. However, further addition of H2O2 led to a progressive underestimation of the alpha 1AT. The effect of physiochemical alteration on the immunological quantification of alpha 1AT by different antisera should be borne in mind for all studies assessing this protein in lung secretions. PMID- 6603955 TI - Erythroid colony formation in primary proliferative polycythaemia, idiopathic erythrocytosis and secondary polycythaemia: sensitivity to erythropoietic stimulating factors. AB - This is a study of in vitro production of erythropoietic colonies from peripheral blood and bone marrow of normal subjects and patients with different polycythaemic conditions. Proliferative stimuli included: 1. Fetal calf serum (FCS) only. 2. FCS plus a source of erythropoietic-stimulating activity (ESA). 3. FCS + ESA + erythropoietin (Ep). It was found that normal subjects and patients with secondary polycythaemia (SP) exhibited full colony growth only in the presence of both ESA and Ep, while patients with primary proliferative polycythaemia (PPP) showed colony production with FCS alone, further enhanced in the presence of ESA and Ep. A group of patients with idiopathic erythrocytosis (IE), namely with an increase of red cell mass not accompanied by other signs of myeloproliferative disorder, and without underlying cause, showed a heterogeneous response to ESA which in some patients was significantly greater than in normal subjects or in SP patients. It appears therefore that sensitivity of erythropoietic colony formation to Ep and ESA may be helpful in differentiating among various forms of polycythaemia; this study also establishes the heterogenicity of the IE group. PMID- 6603956 TI - Chronic arthropathy in von Willebrand's disease. AB - In von Willebrand's disease, chronic arthropathy is thought to be rare. We present four young patients, three girls and a boy, with severe von Willebrand's disease, who developed chronic progressive arthropathy due to joint haemorrhage, similar to that seen in haemophilia. Chronic joint disease is not as uncommon as is generally assumed. PMID- 6603957 TI - Human factor IX inhibitors: immunochemical characteristics and treatment with activated concentrate. AB - Plasma was obtained from two patients with severe factor IX deficiency who had developed specific inhibitors of factor IX. Immunochemical characterization of the inhibitors by coagulation inhibitor neutralization assays and by immunoelectrophoretic methods demonstrated that both were IgG antibodies. One of the antibodies appeared to be monoclonal in origin with IgG subclass 4 heavy chains and lambda light chains. The other appeared to be oligoclonal and contained IgG subclass 1 and subclass 4 heavy chains and kappa and lambda light chains. One of the patients was treated with conventional, non-activated factor IX concentrate and with activated factor IX concentrate (Feiba) for repeated bleeding episodes. Administration of Feiba resulted in a progressive shortening of the kaolin cephalin clotting time and was followed by a good clinical response. Infusion of non-activated factor IX concentrate failed to induce clinical resolution of haemarthroses and had minimal effect on laboratory tests. The presence of circulating immune complexes could not be demonstrated in this patient. PMID- 6603958 TI - Quantitative quality control of antiglobulin reagents. AB - Double antibody radioimmunoassays have been developed for the quantification of anti-IgG, anti-C3, anti-C3c, anti-C3d and anti-C4 antibodies and for the determination of their binding constants. Assays were undertaken on 53 polyspecific antiglobulin reagents obtained from a variety of commercial and public sources. Concentrations of anti-IgG varied from 1.2 to 12.8 micrograms/ml in commercial products and from 0.4 to 6.0 micrograms/ml in public products. Concentrations of anti-C3 and anti-C3c varied from 0.1 to 1.0 micrograms/ml in most commercial products but in public products concentrations varied by more than 100-fold from 0.02 to 6.5 micrograms/ml. Concentrations of anti-C3d varied from 0.05 to 0.7 micrograms/ml in most commercial products and from less than 0.01 to 1.3 micrograms/ml in public products. Concentrations of anti-C4 varied from less than 0.01 to 0.18 micrograms/ml in commercial products and from less than 0.01 to 0.08 micrograms/ml in public products. Mean binding constants for commercial products were: anti-IgG 6.6 x 10(9) l/mol, anti-C3 4.6 x 10(9) l/mol, anti-C3c 5.3 x 10(9) l/mol, anti-C3d 0.4 x 10(9) l/mol and anti-C4 4.9 x 10(9) l/mol. Relationships were found between results obtained in quantitative assays of specific antibodies and independently performed serological assessments of potency. Anti-IgG was present in suboptimal concentrations for agglutination in several public products and anti-C3 and anti-C3c were in suboptimal concentrations for agglutination in many public and commercial products. PMID- 6603959 TI - Optimum dose of bentiromide. PMID- 6603960 TI - Who fails lantern tests? AB - A battery of clinical colour vision tests was given to a group of 100 observers with abnormal colour vision who were also tested on the Farnsworth lantern and the Holmes-Wright lanterns types A and B. It was found that clinical colour vision tests are imperfect predictors of lantern test performance. However, observers classified as having a 'severe' colour vision defect were found to fail the lantern tests but only one half to two-thirds of those who fail the lantern tests can be identified in this way. It is not possible to identify with certainty any of the people likely to pass the lantern tests: about one-third to two-thirds of observers classified as being mildly affected fail the lantern tests. The Farnsworth D-15 and City University tests were found to be the best predictors of lantern test performance but other tests such as the Nagel anomaloscope, the H-16, L'Anthony's desaturated test can also be used. The lack of a strong correlation between clinical tests and the recognition of the small coloured stimuli presented by the lantern tests suggests that clinical tests do not test the same aspect of colour vision that is important to the recognition of signal lights. For this reason lantern tests should be retained for occupational testing of colour vision. PMID- 6603961 TI - Basic phenomena in acquired colour vision deficiency. AB - Acquired colour vision defects are directly related to the fixation mode: blue yellow defects in foveolar fixation, blue-yellow or red-green defects in eccentric fixation. The primary localization of a disease can be retraced from the degree of cone damage. Optic nerve diseases essentially lack signs of cone damage. Processes at the level of the choriocapillaris/retinal pigment epithelium induce a non-selective receptor impairment. There are minor signs of cone damage. In cone dystrophies there is selective cone damage. Scotopization indicates a relatively well-preserved rod function. PMID- 6603962 TI - ["Neuralizing" agents: in vitro testing on the ectoderm of amphibian and bird embryos]. PMID- 6603963 TI - [Early ultrastructural changes in the ear labyrinth of the frog exposed to pulsed ultrasound]. PMID- 6603964 TI - [Experiences with the 14C-aminopyrine breath test in liver cirrhosis and under the effect of sodium diclofenac (Voltaren)]. AB - The 14C-aminopyrine breath test is a simple procedure for the non-invasive determination of the microsomal function of the liver. After the oral administration of a tracer dose of 2 microCi (74 kBq) of 14C-aminopyrine the 14CO2 activity of the expired breath air is determined in hourly intervals. There is a close correlation between its decrease and the elimination of aminopyrine from the plasma. Both the elimination constant of 14CO2 (Kbreath) and the maximal specific 14CO2 activity are useful quantitative parameters of the test. They allow conclusions as to the hepatic demethylation capacity. Both parameters were significantly lower in 15 patients with liver cirrhosis than in 12 control patients. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenacsodium (Voltaren) did not significantly influence the demethylation of 14C-aminopyrine in 5 patients with rheumatic diseases and in 2 healthy probands. Further experiences with the breath test are necessary, especially with respect to its suitability for prospective investigations. PMID- 6603966 TI - A follow-up of the "low dose suppressible" hypercortisolism. AB - Five subjects with elevated excretion of urinary free cortisol but normal suppressibility to 2 mg dexamethasone test (i.e. with a "low dose suppressible" hypercortisolism) were followed over a period of one to three years. Two of them progressed into a typical pituitary-dependent Cushing's syndrome, whereas in three subjects a spontaneous regression of hypercortisolism was ascertained. A "low dose suppressible" hypercortisolism could therefore denote an early stage of Cushing's syndrome. PMID- 6603965 TI - Differences in inhibition by various steroids of rat testis and Pseudomonas testosteroni delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. AB - The influence of various estrogens, progestogens and of cyanoketone (2 alpha cyano-4,4,17 alpha-trimethylandrost-5-en-17 beta-ol-3-one) on the enzyme activity of delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) (EC 1.1.1.145) was studied. Extracts of Pseudomonas testosteroni, rat testis total homogenate and a microsomal preparation were used as enzyme sources. Spectrophotometric determinations and the conversion of 3H-labelled dehydroepiandrosterone to androstenedione were used to assay for enzyme activities. Michaelis constants for dehydroepiandrosterone as substrate were 1.0 X 10(-5) mol, 1.5 X 10(-5) mol and 5 X 10(-6) mol for the bacterial enzyme, total homogenate and microsomal rat testis preparation, respectively. Dixon plot analysis was used to calculate apparent inhibition constants. Differences in the inhibition by steroids of the bacterial and testicular enzyme preparation were noted. The bacterial enzyme was inhibited by norethisterone (Ki = = 13.7 X 10(-6) mol) and by norethisterone acetate (Ki = 12.1 X 10(-6) mol), whereas no inhibition by norethisterone was noted in the rat testis enzyme assay systems. Norethisterone acetate was found to compete very weakly (Ki = 150 X 10(-6) mol) for binding to the active site of the rat testis microsomal enzyme. In addition, ethinylestradiol had an apparent inhibition constant of one tenth of the Michaelis constant in all enzyme preparations. The present data combine to suggest differences in the binding affinities of the catalytic sites between bacterial and testicular HSD systems. In addition, results of this investigation suggest that neither norethisterone nor a combination of norethisterone and ethinylestradiol cause hypospadias by inhibition of HSD activity in fetuses, whose mothers were treated with these steroids. PMID- 6603967 TI - Evaluation of thyroxine monodeiodination to reverse triiodothyronine by tissue homogenates in vitro. AB - Reverse-triiodothyronine (rT3) generated from thyroxine (T4) in vitro at physiological pH (7.4) is very labile and rapidly undergoes further enzymic deiodination to diiodothyronine. The paper describes the procedure in which by different pH optima, T4 to rT3 conversion distinct from T4 to T3 monodeiodination can be traced at pH 9.0, in the presence of dithiothreitol (DTT) as a donor of sulfhydryl groups. The net in vitro production of rT3 from exogenous T4 was thus measured utilizing specific RIA for the hormone, in several pig tissue homogenates (liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, brain, heart). The thyroxine 5 deiodinase activity was found to be several times higher in the kidney and liver than in other tissues. The procedure can be used for observations of changes in T4 to rT3 conversion under various experimental conditions. PMID- 6603968 TI - Specific binding of 5 alpha-androstan-3 beta, 17 beta-diol to protein fraction pituitary cytosol of female rats. AB - In cytosol fraction obtained from the pituitaries of adolescent female rats a protein was found which showed a specific binding of [3H]5 alpha-androstan-3 beta, 17 beta-diol [( 3H]3 beta-diol). With the aid of Scatchard plot two binding sites were detected showing K'D = 0.21 +/- 0.02 mmol 1(-1) and K"D = 17 +/- 2 nmol 1(-1) with a number of binding sites N' = 3.5 +/- 1 and N" = 28 +/- 4 fmol per mg of total protein, respectively. The data are presented showing the effects of various natural or synthetic estrogens and androgens on such a binding of [3H]3 beta-diol. With the aid of linear sucrose gradient a specific binding of [3H]3 beta-diol was found at 4.0-4.5 S and an unspecific binding at 8.0-8.5 S. Similarly, two fractions were detected with the aid of Sephadex G-200 gel filtration: 1. specific binding fraction approximately in a zone of bovine serum albumin; 2. unspecific binding in a zone of high molecular weight fraction. Specific binding of 3[H]3 beta-diol was decreased to about a half at 3 h after the administration of unlabelled 3 beta-diol in a dose of 100 micrograms kg-1; while it was increased after a daily administration of such a dose for 3 days. However, a dose of 1000 micrograms kg-1 suppressed the specific binding either after a single administration or after daily injections for 3 days. PMID- 6603969 TI - A homologous radioimmunoassay for bullfrog basic gonadotropin. PMID- 6603970 TI - Use of the urologic resectoscope in rectal pathology. AB - We have resected five sessile polyps and treated rectal hemorrhage using the urologic resectoscope that operates in an aqueous solution. It is our belief that working in an aqueous environment can avoid some of the drawbacks of the standard technique in an air environment. We think that this is a useful technique in digestive endoscopy with precise indications and promising future development. PMID- 6603971 TI - Submucosal hematoma producing mechanical obstruction in the sigmoid colon, complicated by systemic amyloidosis. AB - A case of systemic amyloidosis involving the gastrointestinal tract is presented. The initial manifestation of this case was mechanical obstruction. On laparotomy, a submucosal hematoma of the sigmoid colon which completely obliterated the lumen, was found. With intense medical treatment, the obstructed lumen became patent, but segmental ischemic colitis ensued. The terminal course of this case was complicated by chronic renal failure, upper gastrointestinal bleeding and coagulopathy. Pathological examination of the stomal specimen revealed massive amyloid deposits in the wall of the large intestine as well as other vital organs. PMID- 6603972 TI - Circulating immune complexes and antiglobulins (IgG and IgM) in asbestos-induced lung fibrosis. AB - Thirty-nine asbestos workers were examined with respect to the presence of IgG and IgM antiglobulins and circulating immune complexes. The overall incidence of raised levels of IgM antiglobulins and immune complexes was 63 and 28%, respectively. In the group positive for immune complexes, IgM antiglobulins were found more frequently than in those asbestos workers lacking immune complexes. However, all cases with the highest levels of IgM antiglobulins had normal or only slightly elevated levels of immune complexes. IgG antiglobulin levels were not elevated in asbestos workers. Asbestos workers with IgG antinuclear antibodies had the highest incidence of elevated levels of immune complexes. PMID- 6603973 TI - Tuberculosis in childhood: an analysis of 412 cases. PMID- 6603974 TI - A forme fruste of Marfan's syndrome presenting with ectopia lentis and late systolic click. PMID- 6603975 TI - Quantification of infarct size in the dog by thallium-201 single photon emission transaxial tomography (SPETT). AB - In a series of 12 dogs having an acute experimental anterior myocardial infarct, the size of the infarct was measured using, successively, single photon emission transaxial tomography (SPETT) with thallium-201, conventional planar scintigraphy of the anatomic slices, and planimetry of these slices after nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) staining. The tomographic views were obtained after processing of projection images collected during the rotation of a scintillation camera around the animals. A correlation of 0.86 was obtained between SPETT and NBT staining for the whole series, and a value of 0.94 was observed when only the transmural infarcts were considered. These results suggest that SPETT of the myocardium labelled with thallium-201 should allow a reliable, rapid and atraumatic estimation of the infarct size. PMID- 6603976 TI - Radionuclide bone scintigraphy in patients with histiocytosis X. AB - The term histiocytosis X (HX) refers to a spectrum of disorders varying from unifocal eosinophilic granuloma (UEG), multifocal eosinophilic granuloma (MEG), to the Abt-Letterer-Siwe syndrome. In a series of 16 patients with different types of HX and skeletal lesions, whole body bone scintigraphy was performed at the time of diagnosis and during follow up. Results were compared with radiographic findings. In patients with MEG with or without extra-skeletal dissemination bone scintigraphy revealed cold spots or hot spots, but half of the lesions were not visualised scintigraphically, resulting in false negative scans. In UEG the lesions were visualised as areas of increased uptake or as a cold spot with increased uptake at its borders. No false negative scans were encountered. The reliability of skeletal scintigraphy in patients with HX seems to depend on the type of the disorder: in UEG bone scintigraphy is a safe procedure. In MEG false negative bone scans have to be expected, and radiography is superior. PMID- 6603978 TI - T cell subsets and Langerhans cells in skin tumours. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the phenotype of the cutaneous immunocompetent cells and Langerhans cells in malignant and benign tumour infiltrates (basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas, malignant melanoma, seborrheic keratosis and naevus) by the use of monoclonal antibodies directed against T cell populations and Langerhans cells. This in situ investigation indicates that the lymphocytes participating in the inflammatory reaction around skin tumours are mainly of the cytotoxic/suppressor class. It suggests, moreover, that interaction occurs in the skin between T lymphocytes and HLA-DR suppressing cells. The in situ study of the inflammatory immune response should be a useful complement to in vitro investigations in the exploration of immune reaction against tumours of the skin. PMID- 6603977 TI - Abdominal nocardiosis in a Sudanese girl. AB - A Sudanese girl became desperately ill with liver and kidney abscesses due to Nocardia asteroides. She did not have pulmonary or cutaneous infection. She recovered after surgical drainage of the abscesses and prolonged treatment with intravenous amikacin and high dosage cotrimoxazole and sulphadimidine. After recovery normal neutrophil function, cell-mediated and humoral immunity were demonstrated. PMID- 6603979 TI - Steady state disposition of chloroquine in patients with rheumatoid disease. AB - The steady state disposition of chloroquine and its major metabolites, monodesethyl and bidesethyl chloroquine, were determined in 6 patients on long term treatment for rheumatic disease with 99-155 mg base/day. The total body clearance of chloroquine was 0.35 l/kg/h and that of its metabolites was much higher. The renal clearance was the same for all compounds measured, approximately equal to 0.1 l/kg/h. Currently recommended dosage schedules appear to be too high in certain cases. PMID- 6603981 TI - Erythrocyte-rosette receptor expression by chronic lymphocytic leukemia B lymphocytes. AB - Erythrocyte (E) rosette-forming cells have been investigated in three patients with B chronic lymphocytic leukemia whose leukemic lymphocytes were easily identifiable. A small percentage of fresh neoplastic cells formed E rosettes in two patients. In every patient, most unstimulated, cultured leukemic lymphocytes became E+ and this was further enhanced by phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen stimulation or neuraminidase treatment. These E+ B cells lacked detectable T cell antigens (except for a weak expression of an antigen associated with the helper T cell subpopulation in one case). They were unreactive or weakly reactive by immunofluorescence with a monoclonal antibody to the E receptor. However, this antibody completely inhibited E-rosette formation. The enhanced expression of E-rosette receptors by in vitro cultured cells appeared to be dependent upon the presence of a small number of E-rosetting cells at the beginning of the culture. E-rosette receptor expression by leukemic lymphocytes was most likely in a fourth case (out of 9 patients studied). This finding may account for some of the discrepancies in the study of so-called T cells in B chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 6603980 TI - The mechanism of synergistic complement-mediated lysis of rat red cells by monoclonal IgG antibodies. AB - The mechanism of synergistic complement-mediated lysis of rat red cells was investigated using rat monoclonal antibodies against class I RT1Aa antigens. The increased lytic activity when using two antibodies simultaneously is due to the increase in the number of activated C1 molecules on the cell surface and this results from (a) an increase in the number of binding sites for C1q, (b) an increase in the functional affinity constant for C1q binding and (c) an increase in the rate of activation of C1. Complete lysis of red cells was only achieved if one member of the synergistic pair was of the gamma 2b isotype, and this isotype was the only one to which binding of 125I-labeled C1q could be detected. A partial synergistic effect was seen using an F(ab')2 fragment of antibody. Increased uptake and activation of C1 probably results both from the presence of two antibodies attached to each antigen molecule and from the formation of antigen-antibody catenars. PMID- 6603982 TI - Constitutive secretion of interleukin 1 by human monocytes. AB - The constitutive and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced secretion of interleukin 1 (IL 1) by cultured human monocytes and macrophages has been studied. Both freshly obtained monocytes and their culture-derived macrophages were induced by LPS to secrete similar amounts of IL 1. Such induction, however, was accompanied by the secretion of dialyzed inhibitory activity. Constitutive secretion of IL 1 was detected in concentrated supernatants of monocyte cultures. The factor obtained constitutively did not manifest significant inhibitory activity. A method is described for the recovery of IL 1-containing supernatants in serum- and other stimulant-free medium. The biological activities of the constitutively secreted IL 1 were similar to the LPS-induced activities. The constitutive secretion of IL 1 was not equally distributed in the entire monocyte population. We found that a small fraction of loosely adherent monocytes secreted higher amounts of IL 1 than the strongly adherent monocytes. However, the property of higher secretion of IL 1 was not stable and disappeared following monocyte cultivation. Thus, constitutive activity of IL 1 could be recovered either by concentrating the culture supernatants or by enriching a subset of monocytes with higher IL 1 activity. PMID- 6603983 TI - Biological and biochemical characterization of an interleukin 1-like factor from rat C6 glioma cells. AB - It has been previously reported that lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine astrocytes produce a factor which enhances the proliferative response of thymocytes to lectins. The present report demonstrates that a rat astrocytoma cell (C6 cells)-derived factor appears to be similar to macrophage-derived interleukin 1 (IL 1) in its biological activities and biochemical characteristics. Upon injection into mice, supernatants of C6 cells induce the production of serum amyloid A. The C6 cell-derived factors enhance the response of thymocytes to phytohemagglutinin and the growth of fibroblasts whereas no effect on the growth of neuroblasts and of a strictly interleukin 2 (IL 2) dependent T cell line was observed. On an AcA 54 column the C6-derived factors acting on thymocytes and fibroblasts coeluted as a single peak of Mr = 13 500 to 18 000; the semipurified factor was found to enhance the lymphocytes' production of IL 2. These observations demonstrate that cells not belonging to the mononuclear phagocyte lineage are able to produce factors identical or closely related to IL 1. PMID- 6603984 TI - Thymic reticulum in mice. III. Phagocytic cells of the thymic reticulum in culture secrete both prostaglandin E2 and interleukin 1 which regulate thymocyte proliferation. AB - A phagocytic cell of the thymic reticulum in culture (P-TR-C) has recently been isolated whose characteristics closely resemble those of the thymic interdigitating cell despite the modifications induced by culture conditions. In the present report it is demonstrated that this cell population is able to produce both interleukin 1 (IL 1) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). IL 1 has no direct mitogenic effect on thymocytes but is comitogenic with concanavalin A. PGE2 has no direct effect on the secretion of IL 1 by P-TR-C, but has an effect antagonistic to IL 1, inhibiting thymocyte proliferation. P-TR-C are thus able to modulate thymocyte proliferation in vitro. PMID- 6603985 TI - The relationship between humoral stimulating activity and colony stimulating factor. AB - Humoral stimulatory activity (HSA) is detected in the sera of neutropenic rodents and humans by its effects on in vitro marrow cell [3H] TdR incorporation. Increased levels of CSA are also found in such sera; however, the relationship between these two activities has not been established. To examine this question, sera were obtained from mice, rats and humans at the peak occurrence of HSA following cyclophosphamide administration and were incubated with rabbit antiserum directed against mouse L-cell CSF. Anti-CSF neutralized the HSA effect on species-specific marrow cell [3H] TdR incorporation relative to the effects of normal sera with an efficiency of anti-CSF produced graded neutralization of the human HSA effect on human marrow cell proliferation. This neutralizing effect of anti-CSF on human HSA was obrogated by prior incubation of anti-CSF with sheep anti-rabbit-IgG (S-anti-R-IgG) serum. The human serum activities on marrow cell proliferation, as determined by the [3H] TdR incorporation assay, correlated closely with their effects on human granulocyte colony formation in agar culture. These data indicate that human and rodent drug-induced HSA are cross-reactive with CSF as measured by a simple proliferation assay. PMID- 6603986 TI - The effect of erythropoietin and other factors on DNA synthesis by mouse spleen cells. AB - The effects of pure and crude human urinary erythropoietin, crude sheep plasma erythropoietin and other growth factors on the incorporation of labeled thymidine were studied using spleen cells from mice previously treated with phenylhydrazine hydrochloride. Erythropoietin at 400 mU/ml caused a 40-80 fold increase in the incorporation of the labeled nucleoside. The slope of the dose-response curve found for pure erythropoietin was not significantly different from that found for a crude urinary erythropoietin preparation or for crude sheep plasma erythropoietin. Colony-stimulating factor, interleukin 2, interleukin 3 and the lectin, concanavalin A were also stimulatory but at concentrations from one hundred to one million times higher than that found for erythropoietin. PMID- 6603987 TI - Effect of alloimmunized thymic cells on isolated mouse atria. Participation of prostaglandins. AB - The effects of thymic cells from alloimmunized mice on the mechanical activity of isolated mouse atria were explored. Immune cells decreased the tension without changing the rate of beating of the atrium. After inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis with indomethacin and acetylsalicylic acid, the negative inotropic action of alloimmunized thymic cells was blocked. PMID- 6603988 TI - Stimulation by epidermal growth factor of phospholipid methyltransferase in isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - Epidermal growth factor produces a time- and dose-dependent activation of phospholipid methyltransferase activity in hepatocytes isolated from juvenile and mature hepatectomized rats. This treatment however has no effect with hepatocytes isolated from mature or laparotomized rats. Dansylcadaverine (50 microM), an inhibitor of receptor-mediated internalization of epidermal growth factor, has no effect on basal phospholipid methyltransferase but inhibits the stimulation of this enzyme by epidermal growth factor. These results indicate a possible role of phospholipid methylation during liver proliferation. PMID- 6603989 TI - [Immunologic findings in progressive scleroderma--diagnostic and nosologic significance]. PMID- 6603990 TI - Epidermal growth factor antagonizes ovarian theca-interstitial cytodifferentiation. AB - This study was aimed at testing the hypothesis that epidermal growth factor (EGF) can modulate the gonadotropin-dependent differentiation of theca-interstitial cells in vitro. Addition of EGF to chemically defined culture medium severely antagonized the ability of hCG to transform undifferentiated theca-interstitial cells into active androgen-producing cells. The inhibitory action of EGF was dose dependent, hormone-specific, and independent of granulosa cells. Since ovarian androgens are obligatory precursors to estrogen formation and induce atresia, a repressive action of EGF on theca-interstitial cytodifferentiation has new implications for understanding the way in which follicles develop in the ovary. PMID- 6603991 TI - Imaging research in B.C.--a unique PET program. PMID- 6603992 TI - Medical research using PET. PMID- 6603993 TI - [Anastomosis in coronary surgery: technical improvement using a vein-holding instrument]. AB - A vein holder for vascular surgery is described. Distal (direct or sequential) as well as proximal anastomoses in aorto-coronary bypass surgery can be easily performed with that instrument. It minimizes handling of the graft and provides an excellent visualization in placing sutures in half of the circumference at both ends of the venous graft. PMID- 6603994 TI - [Theoretical bases of health education in cardiology: prevention of rheumatic diseases]. AB - Today also in Italy rheumatic disease shows a reduction of its prevalence, however it is still significant present in South Italy, especially among poorer and less educated social groups. We have to research the reasons why there is not yet an effective antistreptococcus vaccine, why there is not a penicillinic prophylaxis quite accurate and capillary, moreover why there is little interest among the majority of politicians and medical personnel regarding those social and sanitary situations, which encourage the rheumatic disease in the poor. Especially in the South, in spite of diffused improvement of the economic welfare, a good health education program has not developed. It should be done by law methodically and very seriously, inside and outside the hospitals, the schools and in the communities, taking advantage of all means especially radio and television, which are now only used for advertisements, that often are only diseducative. PMID- 6603996 TI - Photoreceptor layer composition in the retina of the frog (Rana esculenta). AB - Retinas of Rana esculenta frogs were studied by light and electron microscopy in order to establish the photoreceptor layer composition. We found 56% red rods, 9% green rods, 19% single cones, and 16% double cones. This work provides the morphological basis for electrophysiological investigations concerning the mass receptor potential of isolated Rana esculenta retinas. PMID- 6603995 TI - A colony-stimulating-factor-producing cell line derived from mouse bone marrow cells transfected with adenovirus DNA. AB - A unique fibroblastoid cell line, BMA1, has been established from bone marrow cells of a DDY mouse transfected with adenovirus 5 DNA. BMA1 cells expressed adenoviral early antigens and BMA1-conditioned medium contained mouse granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor(s). The DNA transfection technique may be useful in establishing cell lines from bone marrow and analyzing the regulation of hemopoiesis. PMID- 6603997 TI - [The use of levamisole in infections and autoimmune hemolytic anemia in patients with chronic lymphoid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic anemia]. PMID- 6603998 TI - Further observations on the distribution and properties of teleost melanin concentrating hormone. AB - The distribution of melanocyte concentrating hormone (MCH) bioactivity was mapped in the trout brain from cryostat sections cut in several planes. Most of the bioactivity occurred in the ventral third of the hypothalamus, with about 30% of the activity in the dorsal hypothalamus. The bioactivity was rapidly lost if the hypothalami were extracted in dilute acid, with a final extraction pH of 5.2. This loss, which can be avoided if the extract is heated, is presumed to be the result of hypothalamic enzyme activity. Preliminary chemical characterisation indicates that the molecule is a small basic peptide, of less than 2000 daltons (Da) and with an isoelectric point greater than 9.5. MCH bioactivity was also found in the hypothalamus but not the pituitary of Lampetra, Rana, Xenopus, and the rat. The activity from Xenopus and Lampetra had a similar Rf value to MCH from trout during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Partially purified MCH of trout origin, free from MSH bioactivity, induced melanin concentration in eel melanophores but Xenopus melanophores failed to respond. PMID- 6603999 TI - Auditory dysfunction and rehabilitation. PMID- 6604000 TI - Pseudophaco-anaphylactic endophthalmitis? AB - The pathology of subacute granulomatous endophthalmitis centered on a posterior chamber lens implant placed at extracapsular cataract surgery in the eye of a 72 year-old diabetic with cystoid macular edema following intracapsular extraction and an anterior chamber implant in the other eye is described in detail 3 months after surgery. The features of the severe granulomatous inflammation do not fit the usual pattern of sympathetic or phacoanaphylactic uveitis. The possibility of a specific hypersensitivity to the substance of the implant is considered. PMID- 6604001 TI - Factors affecting morbidity and mortality after surgery for obstructive jaundice: a review of 373 patients. PMID- 6604002 TI - Cold-promoted activation of factor VII: is It a problem under blood bank conditions? AB - Transfusion of blood or plasma kept at 4 degrees C for 12-14 h could be hazardous since about 15% of plasmas from healthy donors undergo cold activation of factor VII under such conditions. In this study we were unable to demonstrate in plasma from 209 healthy donors a significant rise in mean factor VII level after storage of plasma in the blood bank bags at 4 degrees C for 24 h. The blood bank unfavorable conditions for cold activation of factor VII were manifested in the plasma from a known cold activator whose plasma underwent cold activation in a plastic test tube while in the blood bank bag it did not. The lack of cold activation observed in blood bank versus laboratory conditions did not stem from differences in anticoagulant, in speed of centrifugation, in proportion anticoagulant-blood or in the plastic ware; it appeared to stem from differences in the ratio between plasma volume and surface of the containers used in the blood bank versus the laboratory. Since plasma factor VII from 3 out of 16 women taking contraceptives became activated in the cold even at relatively small surface exposure it seems advisable to separate and freeze as fast as possible plasma components from blood donated by women on contraceptives. PMID- 6604003 TI - Evaluation of a coagulation assay determining the activity state of factor VII in plasma. AB - A coagulation assay is described that allows the measurement of the degree of activation of factor VII in circulating blood. The test is based on the use of both bovine and human brain thromboplastin, together with an artificial factor VII-deficient plasma. The latter can be prepared on a relatively large scale which makes it possible to measure factor VII activation in large series of patients. The determination of factor VII activation during incubation at 4 degrees C of plasma of women using oral contraceptives shows that the test described adequately measures factor VII activation. Differences in the time course of factor VII activation during this incubation in glass and plastic containers are found and implicate that rigorous standardization of blood sampling and test conditions is necessary. A possible mechanism that causes this critical dependence upon the test conditions is discussed. PMID- 6604004 TI - [Experimental induction of atherosclerosis in guinea pigs fed a cholesterol and vitamin D2-rich diet]. AB - Atherosclerotic lesions of aorta and arteries were induced in guinea pigs fed a diet supplemented with 1% cholesterol and vitamin D2 (0.75 million IU/kg of diet) for 6 weeks. Histopathological observation revealed intimal proliferation and calcification of the intima and media, but no atheroma was present at the sites of arterial injury. However, the biochemical findings revealed accumulation of cholesterol, mainly esterified, and calcium in the aorta. Significant correlation between the calcium and phosphorus contents in the aorta indicates the presence of a probable calcium-phosphate complex. Synergism for the induction of atherosclerotic lesions was shown between high cholesterol and excess vitamin D2. Sodium 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate (cetaben) (90 mg/kg/day, p.o.) and trisodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) (5 mg/kg/day, s.c.) inhibited the development of atherosclerotic lesions induced in this manner. These effects were associated with a significant reduction of serum and aortic cholesterol levels and a significant elevation of HDL-cholesterol levels caused by cetaben, and a significant reduction in aortic calcium caused by EHDP. These two drugs and clofibrate, however, had no significant effect on the regression of pre established atherosclerotic lesions. PMID- 6604005 TI - Ultrastructure of the bronchial epithelium in children with the immotile-cilia syndrome. PMID- 6604006 TI - [Cerebro-retinal inflammation in experimental Borna disease of Rhesus monkeys and rabbits]. PMID- 6604007 TI - [First experience with diagnostic nuclear medicine in gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. AB - The search for the source of intraabdominal bleeding in the small intestine from Treitz' ligament to Bauhin's valve and in the large intestine up to the left flexure provides major difficulties: On the one hand angiographic examinations often were disappointing, on the other hand emergency endoscopy without time consuming preparations is impossible. Therefore 14 patients during the period of January 1981 till September 1982 were examined with nuclear medicine in order to detect the localization of previously unidentified intestinal hemorrhage. The examination is conducted with the patient's own erythrocytes marked with technetium and requires comparison of early and late scintigraphies. The actual process of in-vitro tracing can be performed rapidly. In case the hemorrhage has stopped at the time of this examination, a later-date scintigraphy is possible without renewed injection up to 12 hours later. In 14 patients examined this way, the localization of hemorrhage could be identified in 50%. The 7 patients without recognizable source of hemorrhage showed no persistency of bleeding later on. The nuclear medical examination for identification of unknown intraabdominal hemorrhage does not burden the patient and requires no preparation. Therefore this technique serves as a valuable expansion to the existing range of diagnostic tools. PMID- 6604008 TI - [Circulating antibodies against collagen in rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6604009 TI - [Proteins of the acute inflammatory stage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6604010 TI - B lymphocyte function stimulated by staphylococcus aureus Cowan I in chronic liver disease. AB - Peripheral blood B cell response to staphylococcus aureus (SpA) Cowan I was evaluated in 8 healthy subjects, 8 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC), and 2 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) with hypergammaglobulinemia (greater than 2 g/dl). In control studies it was shown that stimulation by SpA Cowan I was much less T cell-dependent than that induced by pokeweed mitogen (PWM) or con canavalin A (ConA) when the amounts of immunoglobulins (Ig) secreted into culture supernatants were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and the blastogenic response was measured by incorporation of tritiated thymidine. B cells from only 2 patients revealed increased Ig synthesis by SpA Cowan I stimulation. In the study of blastogenic response, increased DNA synthesis of B cells by SpA Cowan I stimulation was observed in 2 patients and decreased DNA synthesis in 3 patients. The remaining patients demonstrated normal range response. There was no correlation between B cell response to SpA Cowan I and clinical data such as gammaglobulin level in the patients studied. These studies indicate that B cell function remains intact in many patients with chronic liver disease with hypergammaglobulinemia. PMID- 6604011 TI - Comparative study of the estimation of exocrine pancreatic function using p-(N acetyl-L-tyrosyl)- and p-(N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl)aminobenzoic acid. AB - A comparative study using the oral test with chymotrypsin substrates p-(N-acetyl L-tyrosyl)- and p-(N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl) aminobenzoic acid (Ac-Tyr-PAB and Bz-Tyr PAB) was carried out in 43 adults divided into four groups comprising controls (n = 18), chronic pancreatitis (n = 13), after acute pancreatitis (n = 7), and celiac sprue (n = 4), after separate administration of both derivatives and determination of PABA urinary output in 6 and 8 hours. Both derivatives were diagnostically comparable. The specificity of both derivatives in the investigated group in 6 and 8 hours was 100%, and test sensitivity in patients with chronic pancreatitis, was in 6 hours 90.9% for Ac-Tyr-PAB and 72.7% for Bz Tyr-PAB, and 8 hours 81.8% for both compounds. Differentiation between the controls and the chronic pancreatitis group was better in Ac-Tyr-PAB, as adjudged by the sensitivity and significance of the Student t-test criterion. PMID- 6604012 TI - Concordance of the Kiel and Lukes-Collins classifications of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. AB - The Kiel and Lukes-Collins classifications of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are the only classifications based on immunological concepts. Their cytological types have been confirmed by numerous immunological studies as B- and T-cell types and have been related to clinico-pathological entities. In this presentation, the cytological types of the two classifications are compared. Eleven of the 13 major types of the Lukes-Collins classification are essentially identical with the Kiel counterparts, though the terminology differs in four of the 11 types. In the two types in which discordance occurs, the relationship between the types of the two classifications are clarified. As a result, the two classifications are placed into effective alignment for understanding and translating terminological differences. Both classifications represent sound bases for morphological diagnoses and also for relating the results of the broad range of current and future immunological studies to morphology. PMID- 6604014 TI - HLA haplotype segregation in families of type 1 diabetics. AB - The hypothesis of linkage between HLA and a disease susceptibility (DS) locus (or loci) for type 1 diabetes was tested. HLA segregation was random among 57 non diabetic sibs but not among 39 diabetic sibs, suggesting that susceptibility to type 1 diabetes may be due to an HLA-linked gene(s). The data did not fit a genetic model involving either a single recessive or dominant gene. The excess of HLA-identical diabetic sibs and the reduced number who were HLA-discordant compared to expected numbers indicated that factors from both paternal and maternal haplotypes were necessary for DS. In 1 of the 3 families with a diabetic parent and more than one diabetic sib, the diabetic sibs inherited different haplotypes from the affected parent, suggesting that either of these haplotypes conferred DS. HLAB 8, B 18 and B 40 were increased in frequency among 97 unrelated type 1 diabetics compared with 238 controls, especially among those with onset age less than 10 years. This early onset group may represent a subtype of type 1 diabetes. PMID- 6604013 TI - A new familial "fragile site" on chromosome 16 (q23-24). Cytogenetic and clinical considerations. AB - A new familial fragile site at 16q23-24 is documented, and the clinical and cytogenetic data on three families and some individual patients are reported. The importance of differentiating this fragile site from that recognized previously at 16q22 is pointed out. PMID- 6604015 TI - Primary in vivo T cell reactivity of NZB grafts in H-2 identical allogenic hosts. AB - By means of the Simonson GVH-assay and the popliteal lymph node (PLN) assay, the T-cell reactivity of NZB mice against H-2 identical allogenic cells was investigated in vivo and compared to that of normal mice. None of the normal mice did react, but a highly significant NZB response could be demonstrated, which did not depend on differences in Mls antigens. These in vivo results extend previous findings of a T-cell hyperreactivity of NZB mice in primary in vitro reactions. They favour the possibility that the T-cell hyperreactivity might be relevant in vivo in facilitating autoimmune responses. PMID- 6604016 TI - Comparison of cultures of human lymphocytes obtained following NH4Cl induced red blood cell lysis and Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation. AB - Lymphocyte thymidine uptake in leucocytes prepared by NH4Cl induced RBC lysis was compared with that of lymphocytes obtained following Ficoll-Hypaque centrifugation using polynomial regression dose response curves which adjusted for inherent subject variability. Eleven male subjects were studied. Heparinized blood was either layered in Ficoll-Hypaque or treated with 0.87% NH4Cl to induce RBC lysis. Phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA) dose response curves were determined for each subject using triplicate 5 day cultures. For each subject, at each Pha concentration ranging from 12.5 to 167micrograms/ml, triplicate mean cpm of Ficoll-Hypaque treated lymphocytes and NH4Cl treated lymphocytes were compared by the 2 tailed Student's T test. Responses of cultures of NH4Cl treated lymphocytes were significantly different (less than 0.05) from the responses of cultures of Ficoll-Hypaque treated lymphocytes for at least 2 PHA doses in 8 of the 11 subjects. The quadratic dose response curves were also significantly different (p less than 0.05) for 9 of the 11 subjects. A repeated measures quadratic regression was used to determine the best fit dose response curves for each of the experimental conditions. For Ficoll-Hypaque treated lymphocytes, mean cmp=44,977+1400.4 (PHA concentration)-5.90 (PHA concentration)2+ subject effect; s.e.=22,256; for NH4Cl treated lymphocytes, mean cpm=58,039+1022.8(Pha concentration)-5.32 (PHA concentration)2+ subject effect; s.e.=37,966. The p values from the F tests for significance of these quadratic regressions are different, F=1.91, d.f.=30,30; p less than 0.001. The lack of significance of the NH4Cl treated lymphocytes' does response quadratic regression and its larger s.e. indicates that the NH4Cl treated lymphocyte culture dose response curve is less predictable than that of Ficoll-Hypaque treated lymphocytes. PMID- 6604017 TI - The effectiveness of 3H-uridine and 3H-leucine for labeling of T and B cells of rats and mice. AB - Using a technique for combined autoradiography and immunoperoxidase staining, we studied the incorporation of 3H-Uridine and 3H-Leucine into T and B lymphocytes of rats and mice. While in mouse both T and B cells were clearly labeled by incorporation of 3H-Uridine, a portion of rat T cells remained unlabeled. Furthermore, the majority of rat B cells was not labeled. In contrast, mouse T and B cells as well as rat T and B cells could be labeled with 3H-Leucine to a comparable degree. PMID- 6604018 TI - Generation of human T-cell hybrids with the characteristics of human peripheral blood T-lymphocytes. AB - Using a selection system based on the two irreversible biochemical inhibitors, actinomycin-D and emetine hydrochloride, we have constructed human T-lymphocyte hybrids between the human T-cell line, Molt-4F, and mitogen-activated human lymphocytes. The cells were identified as true hybrids by their karyotype, differences in supernatant activities, responses to mitogen and membrane characteristics. These hybrid cells are stable in culture and express functions found in mature human T-lymphocytes. PMID- 6604019 TI - Rat liver contains a distinct blood-borne population of NK cells resistant to anti-asialo-GM1 antiserum. AB - A high level of anti-tumoral (NK) cytotoxicity was observed in the mononuclear population washed out from the liver microvasculature in rat. The level of cytotoxicity against K562 and YAC1 cells, percentage of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) and of OX8+ cells was significantly higher than in the inflowing portal and also caval blood. A low concentration of adherent, phagocytic and OX6+(Ia) cells and a higher level of cytotoxicity after removal of adherent cells ruled out the possibility of liver macrophages to be responsible for the cytotoxicity. Surprisingly, the liver-sequestered NK population turned to be resistant to anti-asialo-GM1 antiserum. Thus, liver microvasculature contains a significant number of cells with characteristics of NK cells which constitute a functionally distinct NK population. PMID- 6604020 TI - Leishmania donovani infection in heterozygous and recombinant H-2 haplotype mice. AB - On a B10 (Lshs) genetic background the development of acquired T-cell-mediated immunity to Leishmania donovani infection in mice is under H-2-linked genetic control. Three phenotypic patterns of recovery were previously observed: "early cure" (H-2s, H-2r), "cure" (H-2b) and "noncure" (H-2d, H-2q, H-2f), with cure behaving as a recessive trait in H-2b/H-2d mice. In this study the long-term response to L. donovani is followed over 130 days of infection in eight recombinant haplotype strains and in six further heterozygous haplotype combinations. Noncure in B10.HTG mice, which carry d alleles for loci at the K end and b alleles for loci at the D end of H-2, confirms that H-2-linked genetic control of the acquired response to L. donovani infection is located in the K end. The complex pattern of dominance relationships observed in the additional heterozygous haplotypes studied, the variable phenotypic response of H-2k mice and of recombinant haplotype strains carrying IEk in common, and the differential early curing activity observed in heterozygotes involving the s but not the r early cure haplotype and in recombinant haplotype mice carrying s alleles to the left of IE suggest, however, that more than one subregion (IE and presumably IA) are involved. Results are interpreted in the light of immunoregulatory T-cell populations previously demonstrated in noncure, cure, and early cure strains. PMID- 6604021 TI - Studies on IgE production in mice. I. Spontaneous suppression of IgE production in SJA/9 mice. AB - IgE levels after Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infestation were high in all strains of mice examined except in the SJA/9 strain. However, surface IgE levels on B cells were not different from those observed in the SJL strain. Most surface IgE-bearing cells also had surface IgM molecules. We suggest that the surface IgE bearing cells are precursors of IgE-producing cells. In adoptive transfer, hapten specific IgE antibody was produced when hapten-primed cells from SJA/9 mice were transferred together with cells from SJL donors infested with N. brasiliensis but not when the cells were from SJA/9 donors. It is suggested that the lack of collaboration between hapten-primed B cells and cells from infested mice is a genetic trait of the SJA/9 strain. PMID- 6604022 TI - A rodent class I MHC determinant is shared among many species. PMID- 6604023 TI - Pharmacological study of ulcerogenic action of antipyretic analgesic agents and their interaction with sodium salicylate. AB - The present work was undertaken to study and compare the gastric ulcerogenic action of analgesic antipyretic agents in guinea pigs. Their interaction with sodium salicylate was also studied. It was observed that aspirin, both microfined and ordinary, phenylbutazone, indomethacin and sodium salicylate were highly ulcerogenic in guinea pigs, while paracetamol and ibuprofen did not exhibit this action. It was also observed that sodium salicylate did not modify the ulcerogenic action of aspirin (both ordinary and microfined), phenylbutazone, ibuprofen and paracetamol but antagonized significantly the ulcerogenic action of indomethacin. PMID- 6604024 TI - Nonspecific induction of immunoglobulin M antibodies to periodontal disease associated microorganisms after polyclonal human B-lymphocyte activation by Fusobacterium nucleatum. AB - The production of antibodies to oral bacteria was determined in lymphocyte cultures stimulated with sonicated Fusobacterium nucleatum, a potent inducer of polyclonal B-cell activation. After 9 days the cultures were examined by a microenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies to F. nucleatum, Bacteroides gingivalis, Actinomyces viscosus, and Streptococcus sanguis. Antibodies to these four bacteria were detected in cultures stimulated with polyclonal B-cell activation-inducing concentrations of F. nucleatum. However, significant concentrations of antibodies to F. nucleatum, but not to the other three microorganisms, were produced in cultures that received suboptimal polyclonal B-cell activation-inducing doses of F. nucleatum. Absorption studies indicated the specificity of the antibodies to each of the bacteria tested. IgM antibody production induced by F. nucleatum was enhanced by the addition of T cells. The production of IgM antibodies to the bacteria was reproducible in cultures from a single person tested on 3 consecutive days. The concentration of antibodies in replicate cultures, however, fluctuated greatly. To obtain consistent responses on successive days, multiple replicate cultures were required. These results suggest that F. nucleatum, which is frequently present in subgingival plaque, could induce the production of antibodies not only to F. nucleatum, but also to other microorganisms associated with periodontal diseases. PMID- 6604025 TI - Natural macrophage cytotoxicity against Trichomonas vaginalis is mediated by soluble lytic factors. AB - Mechanisms of lysis of the extracellular protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis by uninduced resident macrophages were analyzed. Supernatants obtained by culturing such macrophages with T. vaginalis were cytotoxic for the protozoa in a dose dependent manner. Supernatants from macrophages cultured alone were cytotoxic at lower levels, whereas those obtained from T. vaginalis alone and from macrophages cultured with unrelated cells (B77) were not cytotoxic. Cytotoxic activity appeared after 4 h of contact between effectors and target cells and reached a plateau at 18 to 24 h. Microtubule disrupting agents (colchicine and vinblastine) enhanced protozoan lysis, whereas cytochalasin B, an inhibitor of microfilaments, completely blocked T. vaginalis lysis. Treatment of macrophages with protein synthesis inhibitors (cycloheximide and puromycin) impaired effector cytotoxicity. Lytic activity remained after dialysis of supernatants, treatment with 10% bovine fetal serum, and treatment at 56 degrees C for 1 h, but it was completely prevented by treatment at 90 degrees C for 10 min. In conclusion, our data show that natural cytotoxicity against T. vaginalis is performed by normal resident macrophages through the release of at least two heterogeneous soluble factors. PMID- 6604026 TI - Beta-hemolytic activity of Trichomonas vaginalis correlates with virulence. AB - The reasons that some women develop symptomatic trichomonal vaginitis, whereas many other infected women remain asymptomatic, are unclear, but it has been suggested that Trichomonas vaginalis strains vary in their intrinsic virulence. We describe beta-hemolytic activity in T. vaginalis which correlates with virulence in patients as well as in an animal model and in tissue culture. Fresh T. vaginalis isolates from four women with severe, symptomatic trichomoniasis had high-level (86.3 +/- 6.6%) hemolytic activity, whereas isolates from three completely asymptomatic women had low-level (45.3 +/- 8.4%) hemolytic activity (P less than 0.001). Hemolytic activity also correlated with the production of subcutaneous abscesses in mice (r = 0.74) and with destruction of CHO cell monolayers (r = 0.94). All of the 20 clinical isolates of T. vaginalis tested possessed hemolytic activity. The beta-hemolysin may be a virulence factor for T. vaginalis. PMID- 6604027 TI - Mycoplasma hyorhinis GDL surface protein antigen p120 defined by monoclonal antibody. AB - Four antigens of Mycoplasma hyorhinis GDL were defined by murine monoclonal antibodies. Components of broth-grown mycoplasmas were separated under reducing conditions by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and subsequent protein blots were stained with individual antibodies. Each antibody reacted with a distinct component with relative molecular weights of 120,000, 73,000, 51,000, and 38,000, respectively (termed p120, p73, p51, and p38). Trypsin treatment of protein blots specifically abrogated binding of antibodies, suggesting that the epitopes recognized were associated with proteins. By using indirect immunofluorescence and immunoferritin techniques, mycoplasmas colonizing the surface of chronically infected BW5147 murine T-lymphoblastoid cells were selectively stained with antibody to p120, indicating the localization of the corresponding epitope at the mycoplasma surface. Protein blots of mycoplasmas derived from BW5147 cell cultures were stained with antibody to p120, revealing a component identical to that observed with broth-grown organisms. These results establish the identity of a surface protein antigen of M. hyorhinis GDL expressed at the surface of organisms during their colonization of host cells. PMID- 6604028 TI - Age-related loss of Lyt-1,2 cells in C58 mice results in susceptibility to lactic dehydrogenase virus-induced polioencephalomyelitis. AB - C58 mice (aged greater than or equal to 5 months) are susceptible to age dependent polioencephalomyelitis, a paralytic central nervous system disease induced by lactic dehydrogenase virus. Susceptibility results from the loss of protective T cells. Data are presented showing a positive correlation between the age-related loss of Lyt-1,2 cells and the development of susceptibility to neuroparalytic lactic dehydrogenase virus infection. PMID- 6604029 TI - Nasopharyngeal flora and acute otitis media. AB - A semiquantitative nasopharyngeal culture was found to be sensitive and specific in predicting middle ear pathogens in children with acute bacterial otitis media. In nasopharyngeal specimens with growth of at least 1,000 colonies, the tympanocentesis isolate was present and was either the predominant isolate or accounted for 50% of growth in 16 of 16 children. Data suggest that virulence of nasopharyngeal organisms plays a role in the pathogenesis of acute otitis media. Qualitative differences were found in the nasopharyngeal flora of children with bacterial otitis media as compared with children with clinical otitis media and sterile tympanocentesis cultures, children with uncomplicated upper respiratory illness, and healthy children. Abundant growth of Haemophilus influenzae (greater than or equal to 50% total colony count) was associated with children with bacterial otitis media, and abundant Branhamella catarrhalis was associated with the others (P less than or equal to 0.01). Abundant growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae occurred frequently and regardless of clinical category. Antibiotic treatment of children with otitis media resulted in rapid quantitative and qualitative changes in nasopharyngeal flora. PMID- 6604030 TI - Colistin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the prevention of infection in patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia. Decrease in the emergence of resistant bacteria. AB - In a previous study we demonstrated that trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole decreases the prevalence of infection in patients with severe granulocytopenia. However, treatment was accompanied by a relatively high incidence of multiresistant microorganisms. We therefore conducted this study to determine whether the addition of colistin to the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole regimen prevents the emergence of these resistant bacteria. Thirty consecutive adult patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia received trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole plus colistin p.o. prophylactically. The results of this study were compared with the results of our previously published controlled study. Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole plus colistin was as effective as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in preventing infection. However, the addition of colistin significantly reduced the acquisition of and infection by gram-negative bacilli which were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Only two patients were colonized with resistant strains, and no infections with these strains were observed. We have concluded that patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia should receive a combination of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole plus colistin prophylactically during remission induction treatment. PMID- 6604031 TI - Sodium butyrate produces concordant expression of "early placental" alkaline phosphatase, pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein and human chronic gonadotropin beta-subunit in a newly established uterine cervical cancer cell line (SKG-IIIa). AB - The production of early and term placental alkaline phosphatase (ALP), human chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit (beta-hCG) and pregnancy-specific beta 1 glycoprotein (SP1) was confirmed in the newly established uterine cervical cancer call line SKG-IIIa. Treatment of these cells in culture with sodium butyrate caused an increase of all of these oncodevelopmental proteins. On the other hand, prednisolone treatment enhanced only term placental ALP, while it reduced early placental ALP, beta-hCG and SP1. These data suggested that such oncotrophoblastic proteins as early placental ALP, beta-hCG and SP1 were concordantly modulated by butyrate and prednisolone. These findings may support the possibility of the reexpression of sets of development phase-specific genes in cancer cells. PMID- 6604032 TI - Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) virus-specific antibodies in ATL patients and healthy virus carriers. AB - The adult T-cell leukemia (ATL)-associated antigen complex (ATLA) is recognized by serum antibodies of carriers of ATL virus (ATLV). ATLA consists mainly of ATLV polypeptides and their precursors. The sera from 22 ATL patients, 21 healthy carriers and 9 healthy individuals were examined quantitatively by immunofluorescence assay (IF) for ATLA and by a newly developed radioimmunoprecipitation test with purified 125I-gp68, the putative env gene product of ATLV. More qualitative results were obtained by analysis on polyacrylamide gel (PAGE) of immunoprecipitates from lysates of 35S-cysteine labelled cells producing ATLV, pelleted ATLV and cell-free culture supernatant. The two quantitative assays gave negative results with sera from all normal subjects and a few patients, but detected ATLA antibodies in all the healthy ATLV carriers. An important finding was that sera of patients that gave negative results in one assay gave positive results in the other, and vice versa. In contrast, all sera from ATL patients and healthy carriers, but not normal donors, precipitated ATLV-specific glycopolypeptides, gp68 and gp46 from 35S-labelled materials. But core polypeptides p28, p24, p19 and p15 were precipitated only by sera with IF titers of over 80. Thus, anti-ATLA antibodies in seropositive sera are predominantly directed against glycopolypeptides of ATLV, and the antibody reactivity to ATLA antigens does not differentiate between ATL patients at various stages of the disease and healthy ATLV carriers. PMID- 6604033 TI - Human T-cell leukemia virus type I: induction of syncytia and inhibition by patients' sera. AB - HTLV-producing T-cell lines induce cell fusion when co-cultivated with a wide variety of indicator cells, suggesting that HTLV envelope antigens interact with the membranes of many cell types. Serum antibodies from adult T-cell lymphoma leukemia (ATL) patients inhibited the formation of syncytia, and sera from British, American and Japanese ATL patients inhibited cell fusion induced by American and Japanese HTLV isolates equally well. No serological cross-inhibition of syncytium induction was found between HTLV and bovine leukosis virus, Moloney murine leukemia virus and simian sarcoma-associated virus. A simple syncytium inhibition test in microtiter plates has been developed to provide a rapid screen for antibodies presumed to be specific to HTLV envelope glycoproteins. PMID- 6604034 TI - Detection of serum antibodies to adult T-cell leukemia virus in non-human primates and in people from Africa. AB - The distribution of serum antibodies to adult T-cell leukemia virus (ATLV) was examined as a marker for virus infection among non-human primates as well as people from Africa and Germany. The virus is present in Africa in certain primate species including man. Altogether, 468 sera from 27 monkey species were examined. Only African green monkeys, less frequently also chimpanzees and crab-eating monkeys, were found to be infected. About 1-2% of people from Kenya have antibodies, while ATLV-antibodies may be present in well below 0.1% of the German population. PMID- 6604035 TI - Antibodies against human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV) and expression of HTLV p19 antigen in relatives of a T-cell leukemia patient originating from Surinam. AB - Serum and peripheral blood cell samples from eleven relatives of a T-cell leukemia patient with human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV)-associated disease, were investigated for the presence of HTLV antibody and antigen expression. In addition to the patient, three family members were seropositive and a wide range in HTLV antibody titer was observed. The father of the patient showed the highest titer (173,000) and carried HTLV p19+ cells in his peripheral blood. Upon induction of proliferation of these cells by short-term culture in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13 acetate (TPA), an increase from 1% to 28% HTLV p19+ cells was observed confirming previous findings that HTLV p19 expression was correlated with proliferative activity of the host cells. In none of the other seronegative or seropositive relatives of the patient HTLV p19 expression was revealed when tested in freshly isolated mononuclear cells, upon short-term incubation in PHA + TPA or after prolonged culture for 2 or 3 passages in medium containing T-cell growth factor. The results from HLA typing studies did not provide any evidence for HTLV related abnormalities in haplotype expression. Our data confirmed the earlier notion of a prevalence of HTLV infection within families of patients with HTLV-associated disease. It is furthermore obvious from our results that a normal individual may possess high titer HTLV antibody and circulating HTLV p19+ cells without showing signs of disease. PMID- 6604036 TI - Studies of the mechanisms for the induction of in vivo tumor immunity. VII. Development of specific antitumor immunity in progressors and regressors. AB - The present study was aimed at comparing the development of specific antitumor immunity between hosts with progressively growing tumors and hosts with regressing tumors. The experiments were performed with a Friend virus-induced leukemia FBL-3 in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. The specific antitumor immunity was determined by in vitro cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay and in vivo tumor neutralization test. Both the systemic immunity (demonstrated in spleen) and immunity developed at tumor site were examined. For progressors, the tumor site was in the peritoneal cavity. For regressors, it was in a subcutaneous site of both flanks. Testing by the cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay showed that immune hosts and regressors had higher levels of systemic immunity than the progressors. However, when lymphocytes isolated from tumor sites were assayed, it was found that there was no remarkable difference between lymphocytes from progressor tumors (PTL) and lymphocytes from regressor tumors (RTL). Both lymphocyte populations were similar in profile analysis; they were characterized as T cells and possessed the same antigenic specificity. Nevertheless, when in vivo tumor transplantation experiments were performed, RTL were found to give protection against FBL-3 challenge whereas PTL consistently failed to do so. On cytomorphological examination, the PTL were seen to contain large amounts of macrophages. The presence of macrophages in PTL appeared to have an inverse relationship to the in vivo protective effect. After removal of macrophages from PTL by Petri dish adherence, the nonadherent PTL were found to give in vivo protection. Furthermore, thymocytes from progressors and macrophages isolated from the progressor tumors were found to suppress the in vivo T-cell-mediated immunity. These findings demonstrated that suppressor T cells and suppressor macrophages were present in tumor-bearing hosts. These suppressor cells could interfere with the function of immune T cells at the efferent arm of the immune response. PMID- 6604037 TI - Carotid disease, carotid bruit and coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 6604038 TI - Treatment of chronic prostatitis by consecutive per os administration of doxycycline, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and cephalexin. AB - Fifty men with cytologically confirmed chronic prostatitis were treated for 3 months by consecutive p.o. administration of doxycycline, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and cephalexin. The subjective symptoms, palpatory findings, secretory capacity of the accessory genital glands (values of acid phosphatase and fructose in the seminal plasma) were evaluated. The cytologic findings from the expressed prostatic fluid and semen analysis before and after the treatment were also studied. Approximately 60% of the patients were cured of the subjective symptoms. The palpatory findings disappeared in 50% of the cases. The cytologic findings became normal in 70% of the patients (inflammatory cells less than 25/HPF). The secretory function of the prostate and the seminal vesicles was improved in 50% and 25%, respectively, of the patients, and the quantitative and qualitative motility and viability of the spermatozoa after treatment were significantly enhanced. PMID- 6604039 TI - Psychosocial coping strategies and cardiac capacity before and after coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - One hundred patients, eighty-nine men and eleven women, with chronic stable angina who were previously selected for aortocoronary bypass grafting gave informed consent for non-invasive and invasive testing of hemodynamic responses to symptom-limited maximal exercise before surgery. Psychosocial coping strategies were evaluated preoperatively by structured interviews and assessment of patients perceptions of symptoms (Cornell Medical Index) and life changes (Holmes and Rahe Schedule of Recent Experiences). Preoperatively forty-one patients were "compartmentalized," forty-two "generalized" and seventeen "vacillated" according to Josten's classification of coping strategies. The Berle Index of social assets was lower and the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms (Cornell categories M to R) was greater in the vacillators preoperatively. Despite less ischemic ST depression in vacillators, no other significant physiological differences were noted between these categories preoperatively. Postoperatively more of the vacillators refused follow-up evaluation, and of vacillators who returned, only one-half were adequately revascularized at operation. Of sixty-five reevaluated after surgery, eight improved, twelve worsened and forty-five did not change classification of coping strategies, yet physiological variables of cardiac function when invasively measured in sixty patients were significantly improved in all three groups. Amounts of improvement, both absolutely and relative to sex- and age-adjusted normal values, were least in vacillators with virtually normal cardiac capacity, and/or inadequate revascularization. Compartmentalized patients were more frequently working, yet only sixty-four in all psychosocial classifications worked before surgery. After this event only forty-five resumed working; none of the non-workers or retired returned to work. Both physiologic improvement and working status were independent of postoperative psychosocial status. PMID- 6604040 TI - The quantitative assessment of the influence of spinal cord stimulation on motor function in patients with multiple sclerosis. AB - This paper gives the results of quantitative measurements of motor function made in a group of 23 patients receiving spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for multiple sclerosis. Although 14 out of the 23 patients reported subjective improvement in motor function and many felt these improvements were significant to them, only 4 patients showed an improvement in pyramidal function, only 1 in cerebellar function. There was no statistically significant improvement in walking speed. It is concluded that SCS does not have a major impact upon motor disability in multiple sclerosis and bladder dysfunction remains the main indication for SCS. PMID- 6604041 TI - Drugs or physical therapy in rehabilitation? PMID- 6604042 TI - The effect of spinal cord stimulation upon peripheral blood flow in patients with chronic neurological disease. AB - The impact of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) upon patients with chronic neurological disease appears to be primarily upon autonomic functions. There is clinical evidence of increased blood flow in the lower limbs. In the present study, cutaneous blood flow was measured by means of xenon clearance in the legs and feet of patients receiving SCS for chronic neurological disease. In 8 patients pre-SCS cutaneous blood flow was compared with that during SCS. In 7 out of the 8 patients there was an increase in total cutaneous blood flow during stimulation. The mean pre-SCS value was 2.43 +/- 1.57 ml per 100 g of tissue and this rose to 3.23 +/- 1.81 ml per 100 g of tissue per minute during stimulation. The possible mechanisms for the increased cutaneous blood flow are discussed. PMID- 6604043 TI - Risk factors for post-operative wound infection in cardiac surgery patients. AB - In a prospective study of 372 patients undergoing cardiac surgery, we evaluated the relative contribution of host factors and patient care variables to the risk of post-operative wound infection. Host factors studied were age, sex, country of origin, the diagnosis for which the operation was performed and, for coronary artery by-pass operations, the functional cardiac status according to modified New York Heart Association criteria. The performance of more than one operation during a single admission carried the highest risk for infection, followed by a coronary artery by-pass operation lasting for more than six hours or performed on patients 65 years or older. In patients undergoing coronary artery by-pass surgery, host factors (age and cardiac function) were associated with infections in the chest wound, while the length of the operation was found to affect the occurrence of infections at the "donor" site. PMID- 6604044 TI - Regulation of RNA polymerase I by phosphorylation and production of anti-RNA polymerase I antibodies in rheumatic autoimmune diseases. AB - Relative to resting liver, Morris hepatomas with different growth rates (3924A, 5123D, 7800, and 7777) all had higher (two to eightfold) levels (activity/gm tissue) of RNA polymerase I. Only the most rapidly growing tumor (hepatoma 3924A) showed a substantial increase (fivefold) in RNA polymerase III activity. RNA polymerase II activity/gm tissue in the hepatomas was similar to that in resting liver. The elevation in the hepatoma RNA polymerase I activity resulted from both an increase in the number of transcriptionally active enzyme molecules and an increase in the specific activity of the enzyme as a result of phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of RNA polymerase I from Morris hepatoma 3924A could be catalyzed either by an endogenous protein kinase or by a highly purified preparation of NII protein kinase from the same tumor. Three out of eight polypeptides (Mr 120,000, 65,000, and 25,000) or RNA polymerase I were phosphorylated. Phosphorylation resulted in enhanced RNA synthesis at the level of chain elongation. Another nuclear protein kinase, NI, had no significant effect on RNA polymerase I. The activity and/or amount of the NII protein kinase was significantly reduced in resting liver, which correlated with decreased specific activity of the liver RNA polymerase I. Anti-RNA polymerase I antibodies were found in the sera of patients with rheumatic autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Sera from these patients were capable of specifically inhibiting RNA polymerase I activity in vitro. Antibodies were produced predominantly against three of the polypeptides--S3 (Mr 65,000), S4 (Mr 42,000), and S5 (Mr 25,000) of RNA polymerase I. The spectrum and proportion of the antibodies against these three subunits differ with each patient and with the type of the autoimmune disease. These observations indicate that (1) the NII kinase can regulate RNA polymerase I activity, (2) protein kinase NII is associated with the polymerase I enzyme complex, and (3) certain polypeptides of this enzyme complex may be the target antigens in rheumatic autoimmune disease. PMID- 6604046 TI - Description of a mouse monoclonal anti-HLA-B27 antibody HLA-ABC-m3. AB - The production and characterization of a new anti-HLA-B27 monoclonal antibody HLA ABC-m3 is described. This cytotoxic IgG2a antibody binds protein A and is able to precipitate cell surface molecules of 43,000 and 12,000 daltons corresponding to the HLA heavy chain and beta 2-microglobulin. Population testing revealed that the HLA-ABC-m3 antibody reacted with the peripheral blood lymphocytes of 47/47 individuals conventionally typed as HLA-B27+ and with 5/105 HLA-B27- individuals. These five extra reactions were with individuals expressing the cross-reactive HLA-B7 alloantigen, although the affinity of the monoclonal antibody for B27 heterozygous individuals (approx 10(9) M-1) was tenfold greater than with B7 individuals (approx 10(8) M-1). In addition, HLA-ABC-m3 reactivity segregated with HLA-B27 in two families. This monoclonal antibody should be of value in the investigation of the role of HLA-B27 in disease. PMID- 6604047 TI - Clonal expansion and functional analysis of virus-specific T lymphocytes from cerebrospinal fluid in measles encephalitis. AB - T cells were directly cloned from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a patient with acute measles encephalitis by limiting dilution in the presence of irradiated feeder cells and T cell growth factor (TCGF). A total of 42 colonies was established. Functional analysis revealed 27 of them to be derived from a cytotoxic T lymphocyte as demonstrated by the ability to exert phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-dependent cytotoxicity against uninfected allogeneic PHA blasts. Twenty-three of the cytotoxic colonies were specific for measles virus and restricted to self HLA-A or -B antigens. Three clones were also found to give measles virus-specific proliferative responses. The results show that the CSF in measles encephalitis contains a highly enriched population of in vivo sensitized antigen-specific T cells. We propose that the clinical symptoms in measles encephalitis are caused by a T cell-mediated reaction against virus infected brain cells. PMID- 6604048 TI - Condylar fractures of the third metacarpal bone and third metatarsal bone in 75 horses: radiographic features, treatments, and outcome. PMID- 6604045 TI - Magnetic microspheres as drug carriers: factors influencing localization at different anatomical sites in rats. AB - Factors of practical expediency influencing magnetic fixation of circulating microspheres, known to be capable of carrying therapeutically effective drugs, were studied in three different anatomic sites in rats: the tail, the hind leg, and the head (including both soft tissues and brain). Specific localization of magnetic microspheres was achieved at these three sites, but only with varying degrees of success. Specific targeting of the microspheres within brain tissue could not be accomplished. Factors influencing and tending to restrict specific retention of circulating microspheres by an external magnetic force include: complex vasculature networks, subsurface depth, and tissue-vascular barriers. Even with magnets producing high magnetic field gradients, effective localization of microspheres would appear to be restricted to tissues relatively close to body surfaces. PMID- 6604049 TI - A quantitative light microscopic study of the bullfrog amphibian papilla tectorium: correlation with the tonotopic organization. AB - The height, width and cross-sectional area of the bullfrog amphibian papilla tectorial membrane were quantitatively analysed from frontal serial sections. The cross-sectional area (which is a measure of mass) of the tectorium does not appear to be linearly graded along the length of the papilla, but rather spatial gradations occur in more or less a step-wise manner. The spatially graded area (or mass) is well correlated with the width of the tectorium and their relationships with the tonotopic organization of the amphibian papilla are discussed. PMID- 6604050 TI - Antinuclear antibodies. PMID- 6604051 TI - The 3'-5' proofreading exonuclease of bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase is stimulated by other T4 DNA replication proteins. AB - The bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase has an intrinsic 3'-5' proofreading exonuclease activity that plays a central role in determining the fidelity of T4 DNA replication. In order to monitor this activity, we have measured the rate at which the polymerase decreases the size of a double-stranded DNA substrate in the absence of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates. With this assay, we find that the addition of the polymerase accessory proteins, 45 protein and 44/62 protein, increases the rate at which the polymerase-associated exonuclease digests the DNA substrate 3- to 4-fold. This stimulation requires the continuous hydrolysis of ATP catalyzed by the accessory protein complex. When added alone, the T4 helix destabilizing protein, 32 protein, inhibits the exonuclease rate at high concentrations (greater than 100 micrograms/ml), while stimulating about 3-fold at low concentrations. The 32 protein and the accessory proteins together increase the exonuclease rate 8- to 10-fold above that found for the polymerase alone. The bacteriophage T7 DNA polymerase displays a similar 3'-5' exonuclease activity, but this exonuclease is not stimulated by any of the T4 replication proteins. It therefore appears that specific protein-protein interactions are involved. PMID- 6604052 TI - Isolation and functional characterization of the active light chain of activated human blood coagulation factor XI. AB - Human blood coagulation Factor XIa was reduced and alkylated under mild conditions. The mixture containing alkylated heavy and light chains was subjected to affinity chromatography on high Mr kininogen-Sepharose. Alkylation experiments using [14C]iodoacetamide showed that a single disulfide bridge between the light and heavy chains was broken to release the light chain. The alkylated light chain (Mr = 35,000) did not bind to high Mr kininogen-Sepharose while the heavy chain (Mr = 48,000), like Factors XI and XIa, bound with high affinity. The isolated light chain retained the specific amidolytic activity of native Factor XIa against the oligopeptide substrate, pyroGlu-Pro-Arg-p-nitroanilide. Km and kcat values for this substrate were 0.56 mM and 350 s-1 for both Factor XIa and its light chain, and the amidolytic assay was not affected by CaCl2. However, in clotting assays using Factor XI-deficient plasma in the presence of kaolin, the light chain was only 1% as active as native Factor XIa. Human coagulation Factor IX was purified and labeled with sodium [3H]borohydride on its carbohydrate moieties. When this radiolabeled Factor IX was mixed with Factor XIa, an excellent correlation was observed between the appearance of Factor IXa clotting activity and tritiated activation peptide that was soluble in cold trichloroacetic acid. Factor XIa in the presence of 5 mM CaCl2 activated 3H Factor IX 600 times faster than Factor XIa in the presence of EDTA. In the absence of calcium, Factor XIa and its light chain were equally active in activating 3H-Factor IX. In contrast to Factor XIa, the light chain in this reaction was inhibited by calcium ions such that, in the presence of 5 mM CaCl2, Factor XIa was 2000 times more effective than its light chain. Neither phospholipid nor high Mr kininogen and kaolin affected the activity of Factor XIa or its light chain in the activation of 3H-Factor IX. These observations show that the light chain region of Factor XIa contains the entire enzymatic active site. The heavy chain region contains the high affinity binding site for high Mr kininogen. Furthermore the heavy chain region of Factor XIa plays a major role in the calcium-dependent mechanisms that contribute to the activation of Factor IX. PMID- 6604053 TI - Characterization of initial autophosphorylation events in rabbit skeletal muscle phosphorylase kinase. AB - Initial autophosphorylation of nonactivated rabbit skeletal muscle phosphorylase kinase at pH 8.0 caused an increase in enzymatic activity that closely paralleled phosphorylation of the beta subunit. Peptide maps revealed that the first phosphate incorporated into the beta subunit during autophosphorylation was on the same tryptic peptide previously isolated from phosphorylase kinase that had been phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (Cohen P., Watson, D.C., and Dixon, G.H. (1975) Eur. J. Biochem. 51, 79-92). When preincubated with phosphorylase kinase for one min, Ca2+ and Mg2+ synergistically stimulated subsequent autophosphorylation at pH 6.8. After this treatment phosphorylation of both the alpha and beta subunits became linear, and the first site phosphorylated on the beta subunit at pH 6.8 corresponded to the first site phosphorylated at pH 8.0. Removal of the lag as a consequence of the synergistic action of the metal ions allowed determination of a Km for MgATP of approximately 20 microM during initial autophosphorylation at either pH 6.8 or 8.2. With phosphorylase b as the substrate the Km values for MgATP under identical conditions were determined to be approximately 30 and 60 microM at pH 6.8 and 8.2, respectively. Initial rates of autophosphorylation over a 30-fold range of phosphorylase kinase concentrations suggest that incorporation of the first 1 to 2 mol of phosphate per alpha beta gamma delta tetramer occurs through an intramolecular mechanism. PMID- 6604054 TI - A lymphoma cell line expressing elevated levels of tyrosine protein kinase activity. AB - The major in vitro substrate for a tyrosine protein kinase in the particular fraction of the lymphoma cell line LSTRA is a protein of approximately 58,000 daltons (pp58). In order to determine if this phosphorylation is unique to the LSTRA cells, the particulate fractions from normal mouse T lymphocytes and another lymphoma cell line, YAC-1, were examined for the presence of pp58 phosphorylation. These two cell types were found to contain this phosphorylation, although in vitro pp58 phosphorylation is elevated approximately 20-40-fold in the LSTRA cells over that found in T lymphocytes or YAC-1 cells. A comparison was also made of the levels of tyrosine protein kinase activity among these three cell types. Tyrosine protein kinase activity was measured in vitro using an exogenously added synthetic peptide substrate and in vivo by determining cellular phosphotyrosine levels. The results of these determinations indicate that the LSTRA cell line contains an elevated level of tyrosine protein kinase activity. PMID- 6604055 TI - Amino acid sequence of human beta-factor XIIa. AB - Human factor XII was activated by limited proteolysis with trypsin, and the resulting beta-factor XIIa (Mr = 30,000) was isolated by DEAE-Sephacel column chromatography. The complete amino acid sequence of beta-factor XIIa was then determined on peptides produced by enzymatic digestion with either trypsin, chymotrypsin, or Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease and by chemical cleavage at methionyl and tryptophyl bonds. beta-Factor XIIa is a glycoprotein composed of a heavy chain (243 amino acid residues) and a light chain (9 amino acid residues), and these two chains are held together by a disulfide bond. The carbohydrate is attached to asparagine residue 61 in the heavy chain. The amino acid sequence of the heavy chain shows a high degree of homology to the corresponding regions of other plasma serine proteases, such as plasmin, thrombin, factor IXa and factor Xa, as well as the pancreatic digestive enzymes. These results demonstrate that factor XII is the precursor of a typical serine protease that participates in the coagulation cascade. PMID- 6604056 TI - Involvement of eukaryotic initiation factor 4A in the cap recognition process. AB - Antibodies against eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF-4A) were used to study the involvement of this factor in recognizing the 5' cap structure of eukaryotic mRNA. We demonstrate that an approximately 50-kilodalton polypeptide present in rabbit reticulocyte ribosomal high salt wash which can be specifically cross linked to the 5' oxidized cap structure of reovirus mRNA (Sonenberg, N. (1981) Nucleic Acids Res. 9, 1643) reacts with an anti-eIF-4A monoclonal antibody. We also show that antibodies against eIF-4A react with a 50-kilodalton polypeptide present in a cap-binding protein complex obtained by elution from a m7GTP-agarose affinity column. Comparative peptide analysis of eIF-4A and the 50-kilodalton component of the cap-binding protein complex indicates a very strong similarity between the two polypeptides. PMID- 6604057 TI - Stimulation of cell proliferation by tumor-promoting phorbol esters and inhibition by some inhibitors of tumor promotion in suspension cultures of a human lymphoblastoid cell line. AB - A human lymphoblastoid cell line, SCC-1, was established from the bone marrow of a patient with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate (TPA) enhanced cell proliferation of SCC-1 cells in suspension culture. A positive correlation was found between the tumor-promoting activities of several plant diterpenes and their enhancing effects on the growth of SCC-1 cells. Various compounds that inhibit tumor promotion were tested for their capacity to inhibit cell proliferation at a physiological concentration. These compounds were not cytotoxic but cytostatic even at high concentration. PMID- 6604058 TI - Primary osteogenic sarcoma: eight-year experience with adjuvant chemotherapy. AB - Since October 1973, 185 patients 21 years of age or younger with primary osteogenic sarcoma of an extremity were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Twenty-five of the first fifty-two patients (48%) have remained free of disease for a median of 7 years. In the next chemotherapy protocol most patients had chemotherapy prior to amputation or resection, during which time the dose of high dose methotrexate was escalated in many patients to that needed to shrink the primary tumor. For a median of 4 years 43 of 54 patients (80%) have remained free of disease. In the current protocol, the response of the primary tumor to chemotherapy with high-dose methotrexate was used to select postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for the patient. With the latter approach 73 of 79 patients (92%) have remained continuously free of disease for a median of 2 years. This experience demonstrates the value of chemotherapy in increasing the cure rate in osteogenic sarcoma and that the response to preoperative chemotherapy can help select postoperative chemotherapy to produce an even higher potential cure rate for osteogenic sarcoma. PMID- 6604060 TI - Calcium uptake by isolated rat intestinal cells. AB - Intestinal cells were isolated by a combination of mechanical and enzymatic means, and their calcium uptake was assayed by a rapid filtration procedure. Calcium uptake was a time- and concentration-dependent process that was markedly elevated at 25 and 37 degrees C, as compared to 0 degree C. Cells isolated from rat duodenum exhibited higher uptakes than cells from jejunum, which in turn took up more calcium than cells from the ileum. Duodenal cells from vitamin D deficient animals took up less calcium than cells from vitamin D-replete cells. In vivo vitamin D repletion with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 raised calcium uptake by duodenal cells from treated animals toward that of cells from replete rats. Furthermore, calcium uptake by duodenal cells from vitamin D-deficient animals approximated that of ileal cells from replete rats. These findings with isolated cells parallel prior findings of tissue calcium transport and suggest that cellular calcium uptake may be related to the saturable component of intestinal calcium absorption. Isolated intestinal cells may therefore constitute one experimental model for the study of transcellular calcium transport. PMID- 6604059 TI - Induction of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan synthesis and secretion in lymphocytes and monocytes. AB - The ability of mononuclear leukocytes to synthesize and secrete proteoglycans was evaluated. Using radiolabeling with H2 35SO4, it is shown that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and their major subpopulations (B cells, T cells, and monocytes), as well as mouse spleen cells, all secreted easily detectable proteoglycan. After 24-h labeling periods, 90% of macromolecular 35S could be detected in culture media. This material was primarily (greater than 95%) chondroitin-4-sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG). Production and secretion of CSPG could be stimulated more than 200% in PBMC and 300% in T cell populations by high concentrations of concanavalin A and phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate; lipopolysaccharide induced a small (twofold) but reproducible increase in CSPG secretion by adherent mononuclear leukocytes. The CSPG secreted by PBMC was relatively small in size compared to chondrocyte CSPG (130,000 daltons vs. 2-4 million daltons) but possessed similar sizes of glycosaminoglycan chains and greater solubility in low ionic strength solutions. This sulfated polyanion, which was produced endogenously by leukocytes and was actively secreted, might function as a co-mediator or "second messenger" in certain immune responses. PMID- 6604061 TI - Induction of 86Rb fluxes by Ca2+ and volume changes in thymocytes and their isolated membranes. AB - Cell swelling and elevated intracellular Ca2+ increase K+ permeability in lymphocytes. Experiments were performed to test whether these effects can also be elicited in isolated plasma membrane vesicles. Rabbit thymocytes, used as a source of membrane vesicles, were found to regain their volume after swelling in hypotonic, low-K+ media. This regulatory volume decrease (RVD) was inhibited by quinine and trifluoperazine, but not affected by ouabain. Both efflux and uptake of K+ (86Rb) were stimulated by hypotonicity. Addition of A23187 plus Ca2+ also increased 86Rb fluxes. Ca2+- and volume-induced 86Rb fluxes were also studied in isolated membranes. A plasma membrane-rich vesicle fraction, enriched over 11 fold in 5'-nucleotidase, was isolated from thymocytes. The vesicles were about 35% inside-out and trapped 86Rb in an osmotically active compartment of approximately 1.3 microliter/mg protein. Equilibrium exchange fluxes of 86Rb in the vesicles were unaffected by Ca2+ with or without A23187. Calmodulin had no effect on 86Rb permeability but stimulated ATP-dependent Ca2+ accumulation. Hypotonic swelling increased both uptake and efflux of 86Rb from vesicles. However, this increase was not blocked by either quinine or trifluoperazine, was not specific for K+ (86Rb), and is probably unrelated to RVD. It is concluded that components essential for the volume- and Ca2+-induced changes in K+ permeability are lost or inactivated during membrane isolation. An intact cytoarchitecture may be required for RVD. PMID- 6604062 TI - A multicomponent analysis of amino acid transport systems in human lymphocytes. 1. Kinetic parameters of the A and L systems and pathways of uptake of naturally occurring amino acids in blood lymphocytes. AB - We have determined the kinetic parameters of natural and system-specific synthetic amino acid transport by human blood lymphocytes, using a multi component computer analysis that separates carrier-mediated uptake from diffusion. These studies were initiated in order to provide the basis for studies of human blood T and B lymphocytes and malignant lymphocytes. Methylaminoisobutyric acid (methyl-AIB) and 2-amino-2-carboxy-bicyclo (2,2,1) heptane (BCH) uptakes into lymphocytes were measured as prototypes of A- and L system amino acid transport. The Michaelis constant for methyl-AIB uptake was 540 microM; the maximal velocity of uptake was 28 mumol/L cell water/min, and the diffusion coefficient was .004 min-1. In contrast, the Michaelis constant for BCH uptake was 63 microM; the maximal velocity was 969 mumol/L cell water/min, and the diffusion coefficient was .141 min-1. The transport of the naturally occurring amino acids, alanine, proline, and leucine was defined by studies of: (1) competitive inhibition with the system-specific synthetic amino acids, methyl AIB and BCH, (2) the effect of the transcellular sodium gradient on transport, and (3) evaluation of the time-dependent increase of transport in amino acid deficient medium (adaptation). Alanine was transported principally (approximately 70%) by the ASC-system, and leucine was transported principally (70%) by the L system in lymphocytes. The analysis of proline transport was more complex because of a large component of uptake by diffusion even at low amino acid concentrations. Taken together, the kinetics of sodium-sensitive uptake and the results of competitive inhibition studies indicated that proline was transported by the A-system (30%), the ASC system (30%), and also by the L-system (15%). PMID- 6604063 TI - Plasma concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and 25,26-dihydroxyvitamin D in the first year of life. AB - Plasma concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D], 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25-(OH)2D], and 25,26-dihydroxyvitamin D [25,26-(OH)2D] were determined in 80 healthy infants of 4 days, 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months of age. The 4-day-old babies received breast milk, while the 6-week-old infants were either exclusively breast or formula fed. The older infants were on mixed diets and received daily vitamin D supplements. The levels were analyzed with regard to age and the concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), calcium, phosphate, magnesium, and alkaline phosphatase and were compared with adult levels of vitamin D metabolites. The median 1,25-(OH)2D concentration was highest at 4 days of age and lowest at 6 weeks, but, except for the 6-week-old group, all had higher levels than the adults (6 weeks, P less than 0.1; others, P less than 0.01). 1,25-(OH)2D and 25OHD levels showed significant correlation only at 4 days (r = 0.74; P less than 0.0005), and there were no consistent relationships between 1,25-(OH)2D and the other variables. The median concentration of 24,25 (OH)2D was lower (P less than 0.01), while the 25,26-(OH)2D value was similar to that in the adults. Both were, however, positively related to the 25OHD level [24,25-(OH)2D, r = 0.82; 25,26-(OH)2D, r = 0.65; P less than 0.0005], as in the adults. The ratio of 24,25-(OH)2D to 25OHD was lower beyond 4 days of life than in the adults (medians, 3.4% vs. 5.1%; P less than 0.02). The data suggest that 1,25-(OH)2D synthesis has relative priority over 24,25-(OH)2D production during infancy compared with that in adulthood. PMID- 6604064 TI - Sezary cells with an unusual phenotype, their modulation with 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in vitro, and their relationship to T-cell development. AB - Leukemic cells from a patient with Sezary syndrome were studied with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Despite their typical morphology, the cells expressed an unusual surface phenotype. They simultaneously expressed OKT4 and OKT8 reactivity, indicating a more immature origin of the neoplastic cells than what has previously been observed in Sezary syndrome, but they were OKT6 negative. In response to 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) the cells underwent phenotypic alterations, as the OKT4 reactivity was significantly reduced and the OKT8 expression was retained. Thus, following TPA, the cells expressed a surface phenotype consistent with the cytotoxic/suppressor T-cell subset in normal peripheral blood. The findings are discussed in relation to normal T-cell maturation and differentiation processes. PMID- 6604066 TI - Construction of an antigenic map for human B-cell precursors. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the binding of a panel of monoclonal antibodies to human pre-B cells present in fetal, pediatric, and adult bone marrow. The antibodies included BA-1, BA-2, BA-3 (anti-CALLA), anti-B1, L243 (anti-HLA-DR), and T101. Binding of the monoclonal antibodies to pre-B cells was evaluated at the single-cell level by double fluorochrome analysis. Percentages of BA-1+ and anti-B1+ pre-B cells were independent of age group. BA-1 bound to approximately 80% of fetal, pediatric, and adult bone marrow pre-B cells, whereas anti-B1 bound to approximately 50%. BA-2 bound to 55% of fetal pre-B cells, but this percentage decreased to 32% in pediatric and 16% in adult bone marrow. CALLA was expressed on less than 10% of fetal, pediatric, and adult bone marrow pre-B cells, and HLA-DR was expressed on greater than 95% of fetal, pediatric, and adult pre-B cells. Although T101 (an anti-T-cell monoclonal antibody) did not bind to pre-B cells, it did bind to approximately 25% of the sIgM+ cells in fetal bone marrow. These results suggest a predominant phenotype of L243 (anti-HLA DR)+, BA-1+, BA-3 (anti-CALLA)-, T101- for the human pre-B cell while phenotypic heterogeneity exists for anti-B1 and BA-2. PMID- 6604065 TI - Effect of stimulated neutrophils from the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis on lymphocytes--a possible role of increased oxygen radicals generated by the neutrophils. AB - Neutrophils from the synovial fluid (SFN) of 10 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were investigated to determine the generation of oxygen intermediates (OI) (O2-, H2O2, OH .), chemiluminescence, and lysosomal enzymes (lysozyme and beta-glucuronidase). Lymphocytes from healthy individuals were cocultured at 37 degrees C for 17 hr with SFN from the patients and the number of OKT4+, OKT8+, and OKT3+ cells and the response to mitogens were determined. A markedly increased OI and slightly elevated lysosomal enzyme levels were observed in SFN from patients. Coculture of lymphocytes with SFN resulted in a decreased number of OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells and a greatly reduced response to Con A and mildly diminished response to PHA, while OKT3+ cells were not affected. The simultaneous addition of superoxide dismutase and catalase restored the impairment of monoclonal antibody reaction and lymphocyte responsiveness almost to control levels. It is suggested that the disturbed immunoreactivity of synovial fluid lymphocytes from RA patients may be due to increased OI generated by stimulated neutrophils. PMID- 6604067 TI - T-cell imbalances in patients with multiple myeloma: an analysis by monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6604068 TI - Chronic granulomatous disease of childhood: a changing pattern? AB - We have followed nine male patients with Chronic Granulomatous Disease at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, since 1972. The diagnosis was established in each case by the failure of neutrophils to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium dye and to kill Staphylococcus aureus normally in vitro. Bacterial infections began between 6 months and 14 years of age. In five of the nine patients, infections began after 4 years of age. The first significant infection in five patients was a liver abscess(es), and one patient each had lymphadenitis, pulmonary aspergillosis, a parapharyngeal abscess, and a draining inguinal incision following surgery. Following diagnosis, all patients were started on Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day of Trimethoprim. The patients have been followed for 50 patient-years. Five of nine patients have been free of infection during 16 years of observation. For the remaining four patients, there have been six infections during 34 years of observation. A possible infection-related death occurred in one patient. The patients reported here appear to differ from those in previous reports. They present later in life, often with a liver abscess. They have a low incidence of subsequent bacterial infections which may, in part, be due to Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis. The patients with chronic granulomatous disease reported here appear to have a better prognosis than previously thought. PMID- 6604069 TI - [Pathophysiological studies on ventricular enlargement following cerebral infarction]. PMID- 6604070 TI - Infection caused by thymidine-requiring, trimethoprim-resistant bacteria. AB - We first noted the appearance of thymidine-requiring, gram-negative bacilli in clinical specimens 2 years ago. Since then we have seen 10 patients colonized or infected with these organisms. These strains do not grow on Mueller-Hinton media, growth on MacConkey agar is variable, and growth in API 20E (Analytab Products) and Enterobacteriaceae-Plus Cards (AutoMicrobic system; Vitek Systems Inc.) is inadequate for reliable identifications. Thymidine-requiring organisms are routinely resistant to sulfonamides and trimethoprim. Infection or colonization is associated with previous sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim therapy in most cases. Of 10 patients, 1 had septicemia of urinary tract origin, 5 had urinary tract colonization or infection, 2 had wound colonization, and two had colonization of respiratory secretions. Thymidine-requiring, gram-negative bacilli can be pathogens and present potential problems in diagnosis, identification, and susceptibility testing. PMID- 6604072 TI - Antinuclear antibody-negative systemic lupus erythematosus - how common? PMID- 6604071 TI - Lymphocyte subsets in measles. Depressed helper/inducer subpopulation reversed by in vitro treatment with levamisole and ascorbic acid. AB - Lymphocyte subsets were assessed in patients with measles using the OKT range of monoclonal antibodies. A significant decrease in cells reacting with the OKT3 and OKT4 monoclonal antibodies was observed. When the tests were repeated 3 wk after the acute infection, significant recovery of these subsets was observed. The abnormality in lymphocyte subsets could be reproduced by treating normal lymphocytes with measles virus in vitro. When lymphocytes from patients with measles or when normal cells infected with measles virus in vitro were treated with either levamisole or L-ascorbic acid for 15 min and then retested with the OKT antisera, restoration of the previously depleted OKT3+ and OKT4+ cell population was observed. Ascorbic-acid treatment also, to a certain extent, reversed the inability of measles mononuclear cells to produce lymphocyte mitogenic factor (helper factor for B cells) after pokeweed mitogen activation. This abnormality, however, could not be reversed by in vitro treatment with levamisole. Measles patients treated with L-ascorbic acid demonstrated no accelerated recovery in either their lymphocyte subset profile or their ability to produce lymphocyte mitogenic factor. Although the cause of the depressed OKT3+ and OKT4+ lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with measles is not clear, the results suggest that the effect is not due to an aberration of protein synthesis, but rather to a blocking or steric change produced by the virus on the cell membrane. It is likely that both ascorbic acid and levamisole have the ability to reverse this effect by virtue of their antioxidant properties. PMID- 6604073 TI - Enhancement of deficient T-cell function in rheumatoid arthritis by tolmetin sodium. AB - The in vitro effect of tolmetin on deficient T-lymphocytes from patients with autoimmune diseases was tested using a mitogen-stimulation assay. For comparison, levamisole was also tested on T-cells in the same assay system in this group of patients. Tolmetin and levamisole both showed enhancement of T-cell function and normalization of mitogenesis in vitro. To evaluate the relevance of these in vitro findings to treatment of disease, four patients who had active rheumatoid arthritis and who had displayed repeated deficiency in vitro of T-cell mitogenesis were studied. After baseline studies, the patients were started on tolmetin at an oral dose of 800 mg/day in divided doses. If no significant enhancement of T-cell function was observed by four weeks, the dose of tolmetin was increased to 1600 mg/day. The results of the clinical study confirmed that tolmetin enhanced T-cell function in vivo as well as in vitro in a manner similar to that which has been reported for levamisole. This normalization of T-cell function by tolmetin was associated with clinical improvement. PMID- 6604074 TI - Afferent and efferent components of the hypoglossal nerve in the grass frog, Rana pipiens. AB - In amphibians, the spinomedullary region of the central nervous system is compressed rostrocaudally because of the absence of a neck. In Ranid frogs, the hypoglossal nerve emerges as the ventral ramus of the second spinal nerve. The first spinal nerve, though present in tadpoles, is absent as a separate nerve in adults. To investigate the central nervous system components of the hypoglossal nerve in Rana pipiens, we soaked identified, transected branches of this nerve in horseradish peroxidase, a retrograde and anterograde tracer. We found that the hypoglossal nerve in these frogs originates from two efferent nuclei located in the caudal medulla, a medial and a lateral one. Afferent fibers, primarily from the tongue, are also found in the hypoglossal nerve and travel in the dorsolateral funiculus of the spinal cord, descending to thoracic levels of the cord. Efferents to intrinsic tongue muscles and the genioglossus muscle originate in the medial medullary nucleus. Efferents to the sternohyoid muscle, which travel through the hypoglossal nerve, originate in the lateral medullary nucleus. Since in mammals the sternohyoid muscle is innervated by the first spinal nerve, we have obtained experimental evidence that the hypoglossal nerve in Rana pipiens contains components of this spinal nerve. PMID- 6604075 TI - Innervation of monkey extraocular muscles: localization of sensory and motor neurons by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. PMID- 6604076 TI - Organization and morphology of masticatory neurons in the rat: a retrograde HRP study. PMID- 6604077 TI - The organization of the fibers in the optic nerve of normal and tectum-less Rana pipiens. AB - We have examined the detailed order of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons in the optic nerve and tract of the frog, Rana pipiens. By using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injections into small regions of the retina, the tectum, and at various points along the visual pathway, it has been possible to follow labelled fibers throughout their course in the nerve and tract. Several surprising features in the order of fibers in the visual pathway were discovered in our investigation. The fascicular pattern of RGC axons in the retina is similar to that described in other vertebrates; however, immediately central to their entry into the optic nerve head, approximately half of the fibers from the nasal or temporal retina cross over to the opposite side of the nerve. Although the axons from the dorsal and ventral regions of the retina generally remain in the dorsal and ventral regions of the nerve, some fiber crossing occurs in those axons as well. The result of this seemingly complex rearrangement is that the optic nerve of Rana pipiens contains mirror symmetric representations of the retinal surface on either side of the dorsal ventral midline of the nerve. The fibers in each of these representations are arranged as semicircles representing the full circumference of the retina. This precise fiber order is preserved in the nerve until immediately peripheral to the optic chiasm, at which point age-related axons from both sides of the nerve bundle together. Consequently, when a small pellet of HRP is placed in the chiasmic region of the nerve, an annulus of retinal ganglion cells and a corresponding annulus of RGC terminals in the tectum are labelled. As the age-related bundles of fibers emerge from the chiasm they split to form a medial bundle and a lateral bundle, which grow in the medial and lateral branches of the optic tract, respectively. Although the course followed by RGC axons in the visual pathway is complex, we propose a model in which the organization of fibers in the nerve and tract can arise from a few rules of axon guidance. To determine whether the optic tecta, the primary retinal targets, play a role in the development and organization of the optic nerve and tract, we removed the tectal primordia in Rana embryos and examined the order in the nerve when the animals had reached larval stages. We found that the order in the nerve and tract was well preserved in tectumless frogs. Therefore, we propose that guidance factors independent of the target direct axon growth in the frog visual system. PMID- 6604079 TI - A phantom to assess quantitative recovery of positron tomographs. AB - A simple phantom has been employed to investigate the image linearity for a wide range of activity distributions and count rates. The phantom is composed of two activity regions, one contains a short-lived isotope and the other a long-lived isotope. Specifically, the phantom consists of a 20 cm flood phantom containing 68Ga (half-life 1.14 h) into which a 6 cm diameter cylinder containing 64Cu (half life 12.7 h) is placed in an off-centre position. The copper region is initially a cold spot but, after many gallium half-lives, becomes a hot spot. Successive data sets from the phantom are taken over a long period and the reconstructed images analysed to establish the linearity within each region and hence the stability against "cross-talk" from neighbouring regions. PMID- 6604078 TI - The relationship between retinal axon ingrowth, terminal morphology, and terminal patterning in the optic tectum of the frog. PMID- 6604081 TI - A selective inhibitor of thromboxane biosynthesis enhances immediate and inhibits late cutaneous allergic reactions in man. AB - Thromboxanes may be involved in late cutaneous reactions (LCRs). A new selective inhibitor of thromboxane biosynthesis was studied for its effect on immediate skin test reactions (WFRs) and LCRs in nine adult nonatopic volunteers (open study) and eight adult atopic patients (double-blind study vs. placebo). WFRs and LCRs were elicited by intradermal injections of 25 micrograms of compound 48/80 and 200 IU of rabbit anti-human IgE antibodies, and the patients' receiving injections of 0.32, 1.6, 8, 40, and 200 IU of anti-IgE antibodies. Dazoxiben (100 mg orally three times once every 4 hr) increased the diameter of wheals (p less than 0.005 in volunteers; p less than 0.05 in six patients receiving no additional drug treatment), favored their dispersion (lymphangitis/pseudopodia), and caused systemic reactions (headache, chills) in at least two out of eight patients. Edema formation during LCRs was markedly depressed in 13 out of 16 persons. Flare diameter and erythemata during LCRs were not altered. These data suggest a role of thromboxanes and their natural antagonists (e.g., prostacyclin) in the regulation of allergic inflammatory processes. PMID- 6604080 TI - Implications of "reciprocal" ST segment depression associated with acute myocardial infarction identified by positron tomography. PMID- 6604082 TI - [Corneal dystrophy and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]. AB - A case of bilateral corneal dystrophy in a young 6-year-old patient with an Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is presented. Thin opaque lamellae of different densities were observed in the posterior corneal stroma, and there were some subepithelial opacities. An irregularity of Descemet's membrane was also noted. The classification of this dystrophy is discussed, as well as the possible relation between the dystrophy and diseases of the elastic connective tissue. PMID- 6604083 TI - [Detection of simulation]. PMID- 6604084 TI - Decline of thymus-cell potential in diabetic and aged men. AB - Human peripheral blood thymus lymphocytes are capable of forming, when stimulated by phytohemagglutinin, single-cell-derived colonies in an in vitro soft-agar system. Blood samples were obtained from 33 healthy men ranging in age from 20 to 96 years of age and from 11 diabetic men ranging in age from 42 to 60 years and 11 age-matched controls. With increasing age a reduction in the number of single cell-derived colonies and a decrease in their residual in vitro proliferation potential was observed. Such a defect appeared at an earlier age in diabetic men. The defect in proliferative potential of cells of either old or diabetic men did not depend on factors present in their blood plasma. PMID- 6604085 TI - Cytogenetic disturbances and immunoreactivity in patients with measles and influenza. AB - The number of lymphocytes with cytogenetic aberrations is increased in patients with measles and influenza. Considerable changes in immunoreactivity of the organism can be observed during measles and influenza. Correlation analysis suggests that in measles and influenza there exists an inversely proportional connection between the number and functional activity of T lymphocytes and the level of cytogenetic disturbances in them. Indices of B immune system and the level of cytogenetic aberrations in influenza were characterized by directly proportional correlation while in measles the type of correlation depended on the intervals of observation. PMID- 6604086 TI - One (H-2D2b) of the three Db region-controlled molecules (H-2D1b, H-2D2b, H-2Lb) is not detected in bm13 mutant. AB - Analysis of the antigenic heterogeneity of Db region products by the technique of antibody-induced redistribution of cell surface antigens (capping) revealed the existence of two types of H-2 molecules reactive with the monoclonal anti-Db antibody, B22-249R 1 (H-2.m2). The relationship of the two H-2.2-positive molecules described here is similar to that of H-2D and H-2M detected in the products of the Dd region; they differ in the repertoire of the H-2 public specificities, although they share the private specificity. We designate them, in accordance to recently proposed nomenclature, H-2D1b and H-2D2b. Both types of molecule have been detected on T lymphocytes of C57BL/6 (H-2b), C3H.B10(H-2b), and B10.A(2R) (H-2h2, KkDb) strains. In mutant strain B6.C-H-2bm13, however, only one type of H-2.2-positive molecule, H-2D1b, could be detected. This finding resembles the situation in the d haplotype, in which mutant strain B10.D2 (M504) (H-2dm1) had only one molecule (H-2Dd), of the two H-2.4-positive molecules H-2Dd and H-2Md that could be detected. A third Db region molecule, H-2Lb, does not carry the Db private specificity H-2.2, and it is detectable by some of the antibodies against the H-2.28 family of specificities; it is distinct from the Qa 2 molecule. The H-2Lb molecule was detected in all strains tested in this experiment, including the bm13 mutant. PMID- 6604087 TI - Generation of thymocyte subpopulations in organ culture: correlated analysis of Lyt-2 phenotype and cell cycle status by flow microfluorometry. AB - We have investigated the cell cycle kinetics and the proliferative activity of Lyt-2-defined subpopulations in organ-cultured thymic rudiments. Fetal thymuses that were removed at 13 days of gestation and cultured for 4 to 7 days were incubated with bromodeoxyuridine and were then stained with Hoechst 33342 to quantitate the duration of the cell cycle and the number of cycling cells. The total duration of the cell cycle was 30 hr. The sorting of organ culture cells according to their Lyt-2 phenotype and their forward light scatter, followed by Hoechst fluorescence and propidium iodide analysis, indicated that small Lyt-2+ cells that are themselves noncycling were derived through mitosis from another cell population. The combination of the Hoechst-BrdU substitution technique with monoclonal antibodies and the organ culture should provide a powerful tool for the study of lineage pathways in the thymus. PMID- 6604088 TI - Accelerated 86Rb+ (K+) release from the cytotoxic T lymphocyte is a physiologic event associated with delivery of the lethal hit. AB - Cloned CTL have been loaded with the K+ analogue 86Rb+. When mixed with unlabeled target cells, accelerated 86Rb+ release occurs from the CTL. The magnitude of accelerated 86Rb+ release is proportional to the efficacy of the target in standard 51Cr release assays. The signal responsible for accelerated 86Rb+ release has been localized to a postbinding event and has the physiologic requirements of delivery of the lethal hit. Thus, accelerated 86Rb+ release from the CTL represents the first direct observation of a physiologic event within the CTL related to a functional CTL-target interaction. PMID- 6604089 TI - Modulation of F1 cytotoxic potentials by GvHR. Host- and donor-derived cytotoxic lymphocytes arise in the unirradiated F1 host spleens under the condition of GvHR associated immunosuppression. AB - As an approach to dissect complex cellular events that lead to GvHR-associated immune disorders, we followed cytotoxic activities, including NK cytotoxicity, in the spleens of unirradiated F1 hosts undergoing GvHR induced by parental spleen cells. Spleen cells of (B10 X DBA/2)F1 or (B10 X AKR/J)F1 hosts undergoing GvHR induced by parental B10 spleen cells displayed a prompt and marked increase in NK cell activity within 36 hr, and the heightened activity lasted until day 8. The activity then declined abruptly and disappeared on day 12 of GvHR. Inversely, donor B10-derived CTL specifically directed to the opposite parental alloantigens of the F1 hosts emerged in these F1 host spleens on day 8, and the CTL activity reached a peak on day 12 when the host NK cell activity disappeared. During the period that the donor-derived anti-host CTL were present, these F1 host spleen cells lost not only NK cell activity but also the ability to mount in vitro CTL responses. In contrast, the respective F1 strain mice undergoing GvHR induced by the parental DBA/2 or AKR/J spleen cells showed only transient but marked increases in NK cell activity during the initial 36 hr, and then the activity decreased gradually to return to the normal level on day 10. In such GvHR F1 host spleens, donor-derived CTL could never be detected, and the spleen cells showed normal in vitro CTL responsiveness during the entire observation period of 16 days. These results are discussed from the viewpoint of genetically defined cellular events that lead to the GvHR-associated immune disorders. PMID- 6604090 TI - An analysis of the sensitivity of somatic cell hybrids to natural killer cell- and natural cytotoxic cell-mediated lysis. AB - The analysis of the NK and NC sensitivity of somatic cell hybrids formed between parental cell lines that differ in their NK and NC sensitivity has shown the following. 1) The dominant expression of both NK and NC recognition determinants on target cells; 2) the dominant expression of two post-recognitive NC resistance mechanisms, one requiring protein synthesis and one being protein synthesis independent; and 3) the dominant expression of a post-recognitive NK resistance mechanism, which is protein synthesis independent. The post-recognitive protein synthesis-independent NC resistance mechanism confers no NK resistance and the post-recognitive NK resistance mechanism confers no NC resistance. Whether the post-recognitive protein synthesis-dependent NC resistance mechanism confers NK resistance remains open to question. The analysis of the hybrids indicates that transformed cells become sensitive to either NK- or NC-mediated lysis by losing their resistance to the lytic activity of these effector cells, and it appears that differentiation plays a role in determining whether NK or NC resistance will be lost upon transformation. A model is proposed in which the differentiation into a fibroblast associates the loss of NC resistance with transformation, whereas the differentiation into a lymphocyte associates the loss of NK resistance with transformation. Because the loss of NK resistance is not associated with the transformation of fibroblasts, they remain NK resistant, and because the transformation of lymphocytes is not associated with the loss of NC resistance, they remain NC resistant. This provides the basis for the target specificity exhibited by NK and NC effectors. PMID- 6604091 TI - Antigen presentation by human monocytes: evidence for stimulant processing and requirement for interleukin 1. AB - We studied the role of stimulant processing and presentation and of IL 1 in monocyte-mediated activation of human lymphoproliferative responses. The effects of two lysosomotropic agents, ammonium chloride and chloroquine, on the capacity of human monocytes to activate T lymphocyte responses to the soluble antigen streptolysin O (SLO) and to the polyclonal stimulant S. aureus protein A (SpA) were investigated. These agents inhibited the presentation of SLO and SpA by human monocytes in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition occurred if monocytes were treated with ammonium chloride and chloroquine for 1.5 hr, starting only 30 min after exposure to the stimulants, whereas only minimal inhibition occurred when monocytes were treated with the two lysosomotropic compounds 2 hr after pulsing with SLO or SpA. In contrast, cell membrane alloantigen presentation by monocytes in the MLR was not affected by ammonium chloride or chloroquine treatment. Thus, these reversible inhibitors of monocyte phagosome-lysosome functions presumably interfere with intracellular processing of the stimulants but do not seem to interfere with alloantigen presentation at the cell surface. Furthermore, we investigated whether gently fixed monocytes were still capable of passively presenting stimulant or whether active metabolic processes as well as IL 1 were required. We observed that only monocytes treated with paraformaldehyde after SLO or SpA pulsing stimulated a proliferative response by T lymphocytes, provided 50 U/ml of partially purified human IL 1 were added back to cultures. In contrast, monocytes fixed before exposure to SLO or SpA were not able to stimulate T lymphocytes even if supplemented by IL 1. Taken together these data suggest that a finite incubation period is required for human monocytes to become able to present SLO or SpA to T lymphocytes. During this time the soluble stimulants presumably undergo some metabolic process in viable macrophages perhaps at the phagosome-lysosome level, to become recognizable by T lymphocytes. PMID- 6604092 TI - Alloreactive cloned T cell lines. VII. Comparison of the kinetics of IL 2 release stimulated by alloantigen or Con A. AB - A cloned T amplifier cell, designated L2, was shown previously to release several lymphokine activities, including IL 2, following stimulation with either alloantigen or concanavalin A (Con A). However, the responses induced by the two stimuli differ significantly. When high numbers of L2 cells were stimulated with Con A, greater amounts of IL 2 were released whereas stimulation of high numbers of L2 cells with alloantigen resulted in the release of less than optimal levels of IL 2. IL 2 levels as high as 1500 units/ml were reached with Con A. When stimulated with alloantigen, the release of L2 cells was followed by proliferation. When stimulated with Con A, the cells did not proliferate. The inhibitory effect was related to the length of exposure of L2 cells to the lectin and could be avoided by removing the excess Con A from cultures 3-6 hours after stimulation. Thus, a brief exposure of L2 cells to Con A was sufficient to cause the release of high levels of lymphokine activities and permit the L2 cells to proliferate in a pattern similar to that after stimulation with alloantigen. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the lectin, Con A, acts as a mitogen for cloned murine amplifier T cells only indirectly by triggering the release of growth factors which then promote cell proliferation. PMID- 6604093 TI - Constitutive production by the WEHI-3 cell line of B cell growth and differentiation factor that co-purifies with interleukin 1. AB - The myelomonocytic cell line WEHI-3 produces constitutively a factor that affects the growth and differentiation of murine B cells in culture. This cell line also secretes colony-stimulating factors (CSF), interleukin 1 (IL 1) but not interleukin 2. Sequential purification through AcA54 gel filtration, DEAE Sephacel ion exchange chromatography, and buffer electrofocussing clearly resolved the B cell growth and differentiation factor (BGDF) from the CSF activities but failed to separate BGDF from IL 1. The WEHI-3-derived material responsible for BGDF/IL 1 activity, however, exhibited different behavior on DEAE chromatography (elution at 175 mM NaCl) to that reported for IL 1 from the P388D1 cell line (elution at 50 mM NaCl). B cell growth and differentiation could be induced by WEHI-3 BGDF/IL 1 in cultures of normal spleen cells depleted of T cells and adherent cells but not in cultures of spleen cells from B cell deficient CBA/N mice, even though thymocytes from such mice displayed a normal response to IL 1. Significant B cell proliferation induced by BGDF/IL 1 was apparent only in the presence of submitogenic concentrations of anti-mouse IgM antibodies, but under these conditions few antibody-forming cells (AFC) were generated. In contrast, B cell differentiation to AFC occurred in the presence of the factor alone, and this response was inhibited by anti-IgM. Thus there appeared to be a reciprocal relationship between B cell proliferation and differentiation induced by BGDF/IL 1. The significance of these results is discussed in the light of other recent studies of BGDF. PMID- 6604094 TI - Restoration of LPS responsiveness of C3H/HeJ mouse lymphocytes by microinjection of cytoplasmic factor(s) from LPS-stimulated normal lymphocytes. AB - Cytosol fractions of lymphocytes from LPS-responder mice (C3H/HeN) were prepared and injected into B lymphocytes of LPS-nonresponder mice (C3H/HeJ) by a microinjection technique utilizing polyethyleneglycol-mediated cell fusion. The B lymphocytes of C3H/HeJ mice microinjected with cytosol prepared from LPS stimulated C3H/HeN cells became normally responsive to LPS. Microinjection of cytosol itself did not stimulate C3H/HeJ cells to proliferate or differentiate into immunoglobulin-producing cells, and the cells injected with cytosol had to be restimulated with LPS in order to proliferate and differentiate. These data suggested that C3H/HeJ B cells acquired LPS responsiveness by microinjection of cytoplasmic factor(s) from LPS-stimulated C3H/HeN cells and that these factor(s) may be one of the components involved in normal signal transmission from cell surface to nucleus in the early stages of the LPS response. The apparent m.w. of the cytoplasmic factor(s) is 100,000 by gel filtration. Chromatofocusing analysis suggested that these factors may consist of two components with the same m.w. PMID- 6604095 TI - Structural identity of the TL antigen homologues derived from strain 2 and strain 13 guinea pigs. AB - Strain 2 and strain 13 guinea pig thymocytes have been shown to bear a molecule that by several criteria appears to be a homologue of the murine TL antigen. The existence of a TL polymorphism in the mouse system as evidenced by TL- strains and various TL phenotypes in TL+ strains prompted a study to determine if a similar polymorphism could be demonstrated in the guinea pig system. By using two dimensional gel electrophoresis, the thymocytes of a third inbred strain, DHCBA, were shown to bear a TL antigen, and the TL antigens of strains 2 and DHCBA were shown to give identical patterns of spots. A biochemical comparison of the strain 2 and strain 13 TL antigen heavy chains by tryptic and chymotryptic peptide mapping demonstrated that these molecules have identical peptides. Thus, no polymorphism could be demonstrated within the guinea pig TL system for the three inbred strains studied. Comparative tryptic peptide mapping of the guinea pig TL and class I B.1+S antigens demonstrated 43% homology, significantly higher than that reported for murine H-2 and TL antigens. These results provide suggestive evidence that the gene duplication giving rise to the genes determining the class I and TL antigens may have occurred more recently in the guinea pig than in the mouse. PMID- 6604096 TI - Lymphocyte recognition of lymph node high endothelium. V. Isolation of adhesion molecules from lysates of rat lymphocytes. AB - Lymphocytes migrate from blood into lymph nodes (LN) of rats specifically at segments of venules lined by high endothelium (HEV). Investigation of lymphocyte surface molecules mediating this interaction has been carried out using an in vitro assay in which lymphocytes adhere selectively to HEV when overlaid onto sections of peripheral LN. Using this assay we have previously isolated a thoracic duct lymph component termed High Endothelial Binding Factor (HEBF), which is detected by its ability to block HEV sites where lymphocytes attach. In the current study, we present evidence that anti-HEBF antibody recognizes surface molecules of lymphocytes involved in adhesion to high endothelium. Rabbit antibody was produced against HEBF isolated from lymph by sequential ion exchange [diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose and carboxymethyl (CM)-Sepharose] and Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration. Anti-HEBF F(ab')2 bound to 60 to 70% thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL), spleen, and LN cells but to only 2 to 9% thymus and bone marrow cells (indirect immunofluorescence). In addition, biologically active HEBF was isolated from lymph and detergent lysates of lymphocytes by antibody affinity chromatography. Comparable amounts of the factor were isolated from lysates of TDL, LN, and spleen cells whereas little or no HEBF was detected in lysates of thymus or bone marrow cells or in serum. HEBF obtained from TDL appeared to be a glycoprotein because it was trypsin sensitive, bound to lentil lectin, and was eluted with alpha-methyl-D-mannoside. The finding that HEBF was not recovered from lysates of trypsinized TDL indicates that the activity was mediated by components expressed on cell surface membranes. Immunoprecipitation studies revealed that anti-HEBF antibody recognized radioiodinated surface membrane proteins of TDL and TDL-derived T cells and B cells that resolved on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) autoradiography into three major bands with m.v. of 230,000, 210,000, and 92,000 (nonreduced) and one major band with m.w. of 70,000 and two minor bands with m.w. of 92,000 and 45,000 (reduced). These observations indicate that HEBF is a surface membrane component that is not class-specific. It is suggested that lymphocyte surface HEBF is composed of high endothelial adhesion molecules that mediate cell-cell interactions involved in entry of lymphocytes from blood into peripheral lymph nodes. PMID- 6604097 TI - Murine thymocyte and splenocyte Ia antigens are indistinguishable by two dimensional gel electrophoresis. AB - Ia antigens have been found on the surface of B lymphocytes, macrophages, epidermal Langerhans cells and on certain transformed cells. Ia antigens have also been detected on the surface of thymocytes but the biosynthesis of these antigens by thymocytes has been difficult to demonstrate. We describe the labeling of murine thymocytes with 35S-methionine and the subsequent analysis of Ia antigens by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Cell elimination experiments demonstrated that the Ia antigens detected were not of B cell origin and were synthesized by a Thy-1-positive thymocyte. Ia antigens from thymocytes were found to be indistinguishable from spleen Ia preparations. Since T cell I region determinants have been postulated to be involved in cellular recognition phenomena, models addressing this recognition must allow for the observation that T and B cell I region molecules detected by antisera such as A. TH anti-A. TL are indistinguishable by two-dimensional gel analysis and are thus unlikely to be involved in the generation of specificity in recognition. PMID- 6604098 TI - The presence of NK alloantigens on cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - A panel of sera raised against NK-1.1 and NK-2.1 alloantigens was tested for reactivity against a panel of cloned antigen-dependent CTL lines. By using indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytofluorimetry, weak, but clear and consistent, reactivity was found on all CTL. Concordant with the genetics of NK alloantigens, C57BL/6-derived clones were reactive with anti-NK-1.1 and anti-NK 2.1 sera, whereas CBA-derived clones were reactive with anti-NK-2.1 sera but not with anti-NK-1.1 sera. Cloned CTL lines were also able to partially and specifically absorb the antibodies from NK alloantiserum that reacted with splenic NK cells. These results indicate that cloned CTL lines express at least some of the NK alloantigen determinants present on splenic NK cells and have important implications regarding the relationship of CTL and NK cells. PMID- 6604099 TI - Alternative pathway of complement activation by human lymphoblastoid B and T cell lines. AB - Other investigators have reported activation of the alternative complement (C) pathway in homologous and heterologous serum by a variety of human lymphoblastoid B cell lines. Their ability to activate the C was associated with Epstein Barr virus transformation of the cells. We report that some human lymphoblastoid T cell lines, lacking EBV-DNA in their genome, do activate the human alternative C pathway with no participation of immunoglobulin or specific antibodies. Nevertheless, activation measured by C3 deposition on the cell surface was weaker than with the B cell lines so far studied; in relation to the RAJl cells, C3 deposition on JURKAT, MOLT 4, HSB2, and 1301 was, respectively, 68, 38, 28, and 19%. Furthermore, C3 deposition on JURKAT T cell line requires D, whereas RAJl cells provide a proteolytic activity able to mimic D, and which, unlike D, can be controlled by serum protease inhibitors. Although the ability to activate the AP seems to be a largely shared property of the human lymphoblastoid B and T cell lines, the situation was strikingly different with normal and mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes or with acute leukemic cells, which led to a negligible AP-dependent C3 deposition compared with the level observed with the lymphoblastoid cell lines. Membrane sialic acid content was determined for every cell tested and revealed no relationship with their ability to activate the AP. The two EBV+ B cell lines tested led to a comparable AP activation regardless of the presence of the C3b receptor. PMID- 6604100 TI - Inhibition of mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation by ouabain: interference with interleukin 2 production and interleukin 2 action. AB - Since the discovery of IL 2 it has been possible to dissect the mitogenic activation of T lymphocytes into two steps: first, the production of IL 2; and second, the response of IL 2-dependent T cell blasts to IL 2. We investigated the influence of ouabain, a known inhibitor of T cell activation, on the production of and the response to IL 2 in mouse T lymphocytes. Ouabain dose-dependently inhibited DNA synthesis in Con A activated C57BL/6 spleen cells; inhibition below background levels occurred at a concentration of 5 X 10(-4) mol/liter. The action of IL 2 was assayed on a mouse T cell line, named M 2, derived from C57BL/6 spleen cells and maintained in continuous IL 2-dependent culture for more than 21 mo. Ouabain dose-dependently inhibited the response of these cells to mouse IL 2 with optimal inhibition at 10(-3) mol/liter ouabain. The production of IL 2 by Con A-stimulated C57BL/6 spleen cells was also totally inhibited by 10(-3) mol/liter ouabain; 10(-4) mol/liter ouabain inhibited IL 2 production partially, and 10(-5) mol/liter and 10(-6) mol/liter ouabain had no inhibitory effect. The ouabain-mediated inhibition of IL 2 production and of IL 2 action was not due to a nonspecific toxicity, because the preincubation of spleen cells with 10(-3) mol/liter ouabain for 24 hr did not impair their ability to produce IL 2, nor was the response of M 2 cells to exogenously added IL 2 abrogated by the preincubation of the cells with 10(-3) mol/liter ouabain. The data suggest that ouabain acts on two steps during the induction of T cell activation. PMID- 6604101 TI - The immunologic response of congenitally athymic rats to Schistosoma mansoni infection. I. In vivo studies of resistance. AB - The responses of congenitally athymic (Nu/Nu) rats to an initial exposure and to re-exposure to Schistosoma mansoni were compared to those manifested by thymic reconstituted (Nu/Nu*TxR), heterozygous littermate controls (Nu/+) and the highly characterized Fischer rat strain. Congenitally athymic rats rejected the developing worms of an initial infection more slowly than did thymic reconstituted or heterozygous animals. These latter responses were highly comparable to those demonstrated by the Fischer rat. In addition, the congenitally athymic rats manifested lower peripheral blood eosinophilia in response to infection. Resistance to reinfection in athymic animals was impaired and associated with a decreased immunoinflammatory histologic response to hepatic intravascular parasites and to eggs lodged in the hepatic vasculature. There was little evidence of inflammatory responses involving degranulating eosinophils, lymphocytes, or macrophages in the athymic rats. Finally, athymic animals produced antibody that was less capable of passively transferring resistance in adoptive-challenge experiments; however, antibody produced in heterozygous animals conferred significant resistance when adoptively transferred to athymic animals. These results suggest that resistance to initial and subsequent challenge by S. mansoni infections in the rat is highly reliant upon T-dependent mechanisms that result in the production of antibody-dependent, possibly cell mediated resistance. Additional studies utilizing in vitro analysis of a variety of antibody functions to define the mechanisms of T-dependent immunologic resistance in the congenitally athymic rat are the subject of the accompanying manuscript. PMID- 6604102 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to murine leukemia virus gp 70 recognize the same T lymphoma cell surface molecules as anti-immunoglobulin. AB - Chicken antisera to mouse immunoglobulin (anti-Ig) detect molecules on T lymphocytes of mice consisting of "heavy chains" similar in size to IgM mu chains and "light chains" similar in size to lambda or kappa chains. Because these T cell-derived proteins react with anti-Ig and are composed of Ig-like heavy and light chains, these molecules have been viewed as candidates for "IgT," the putative T lymphocyte receptor for antigen. We have demonstrated, by immunoprecipitation and two-dimensional gel analysis, that the lymphoma surface molecule precipitated by chicken anti-Ig is identical to the viral 70,000 dalton glycoprotein (gp 70) expressed by that lymphoma and is unassociated with any "light chain" or equivalent. For each of the three lymphomas analyzed, the gp 70 two-dimensional gel pattern was individually distinctive, and, in each case, the molecules precipitated by anti-Ig exhibited the same pattern as the gp 70. The viral gp 70 does have cross-reacting determinants with mouse IgM as seen by the chicken antiserum. We have substantiated these results by demonstrating that monoclonal antibodies to viral gp 70 precipitate the same molecules as chicken anti-Ig. These findings demonstrate that these T lymphoma cell surface molecules do not represent the T cell immunoglobulin receptor for antigen unless gp 70 itself is an antigen receptor. PMID- 6604103 TI - Immunotherapy of a murine B cell tumor with antibodies and F(ab')2 fragments against idiotypic determinants of its cell surface IgM. AB - Anti-idiotype antibodies against the IgM of the 38C-13 murine B lymphocyte cell line and F(ab')2 fragments derived from them were checked for their therapeutic effect against the killing of mice by 38C-13 cells. Both intact molecules and the F(ab')2 fragments were effective in delaying or preventing the killing of mice by 38C-13 tumors when used in large amounts and by the appropriate routes. PMID- 6604104 TI - Purification of DNA antibodies using cibacron blue F3GA affinity chromatography. AB - Isolation of DNA antibodies by conventional affinity chromatography has been difficult, often requiring harsh eluting conditions and giving low yields. The triazene dye cibacron blue F3GA is a nucleotide analogue which, when bound to an agarose matrix, has been used to isolate numerous DNA-binding proteins. In this study, we have used cibacron blue chromatography to bind and purify another group of DNA-binding proteins, DNA antibodies. Greater than 90% of both ssDNA and dsDNA antibody activity from 4 SLE plasmas bound to the cibacron blue matrix. Between 30 and 65% of this antibody activity could be eluted from the column with 1.0 M NaCl, with a net 50--60-fold antibody purification from plasma. Studies with 2 monoclonal antibodies showed that a DNA antibody directed against the DNA phosphate backbone bound to cibacron blue, but a monoclonal antibody directed primarily against bases did not bind. Inhibition studies showed that DNA antibodies bound to the cibacron blue matrix at the antigen binding site, suggesting that cibacron blue does act as an antigen analogue. Although cibacron blue chromatography yields only partially purified DNA antibodies, this method should be useful in producing enriched DNA antibody preparations from ascites fluid, tissue culture supernatants, or serum. PMID- 6604105 TI - A nylon ball solid-phase radioimmunoassay for specific antibodies in human sera. Application to measurement of IgG antibodies to pollen allergens. AB - The principle of the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) has been used to measure IgG antibodies to timothy grass pollen allergens in sera from desensitized allergic subjects. 125I-labeled goat anti-human IgG was used as detector protein. Non specific binding was eliminated by use of a non-porous nylon ball an antigen carrier and by use of a special buffer with high ionic strength and pH, containing 1% bovine gamma globulin and 5% normal rabbit serum as 'balance proteins'. At dilution 1:80 non-specific binding was only 0.28% and the binding ratio for a high-liter serum was about 10. By inhibition experiments the assay was demonstrated to be specific for IgG antibodies to timothy grass pollen. The results obtained with this assay correlated statistically significantly with those found th a double -antibody method (rs equal 0.68, n equal 20, t equal 3.93, P less than 0.001). Serum dilution curves were parallel, indicating that the assay is in allergen excess. The within-assay coefficient of variation ranged from 3.9 to 7.6%; the between-assay coefficient of variation from 8.4 to 19.5%. The assay is very simple to perform, requiring no centrifugation. The allergen coated balls are stable for at least 3 months. The assay should be applicable to measurement of IgG antibodies and IgG subclass antibodies to any protein antigen of interest. PMID- 6604106 TI - Antibiotic susceptibility of pneumococci and Haemophilus influenzae isolated from patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: prevalence of tetracycline-resistant strains in Hong Kong. AB - The susceptibility of 119 respiratory isolates of Haemophilus influenzae and 87 respiratory isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae to various antibiotics was tested by means of an agar dilution method and an inoculum size of 10(3) colony forming units (c.f.u.). The antibiotics tested included penicillin/ampicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and four third-generation cephalosporins, cefotaxime, cefoperazone, ceftriaxone and moxalactam. Fifty-eight per cent of the pneumococcal strains and 23 per cent of the H. influenzae strains tested were found resistant to tetracycline (MICs = 4-128 mg/l and 4-64 mg/l, respectively). None of the isolates tested was resistant to erythromycin or chloramphenicol. Three per cent of Haemophilus strains tested were beta-lactamase producing and thus resistant to ampicillin (MICs = 2-8 mg/l), while none of the pneumococcal strains tested was penicillin-resistant. Three of the newer third generation cephalosporins--cefotaxime, cefoperazone and ceftriaxone--were highly active against both H. influenzae and Str. pneumoniae while moxalactam, though also active, was comparatively less effective. PMID- 6604107 TI - Antibiotic resistance of H. influenzae type b. PMID- 6604108 TI - Cellulitis in children caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b. AB - Of 31 episodes of invasive infection by Haemophilus influenzae capsular type b, occurring in children during a 26-month period, five (16 per cent) had cellulitis as the presenting feature. In four of the five patients bacteraemia was detected. This frequency of presentation is not reflected in reports in the British literature. Prompt recognition of this aetiology of cellulitis is important for effective chemotherapy. PMID- 6604109 TI - Immunology of the epidermis: changing perspectives. PMID- 6604110 TI - Characteristics of an epidermal cell thymocyte-activating factor (ETAF) produced by human epidermal cells and a human squamous cell carcinoma cell line. AB - In this study we show that both cultured normal human epidermal cells (EC) and a human squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell line produce a thymocyte-activating factor (ETAF). EC-ETAF and SCC-ETAF both have a Mr of 15,000 and were eluted from chromatofocusing at the same isoelectric points of 7.2, 5.8, and 5.0. Both activities were maintained at alkaline pH and were destroyed at temperatures above 60 degrees C. In addition to stimulating thymocyte proliferation, human ETAF exhibited a variety of other pertinent biologic activities. Although EC-ETAF or SCC-ETAF by themselves exhibited no T-cell growth factor activity, both ETAF preparations enhanced Interleukin 2 production by cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes when stimulated with polyclonal T-cells stimulants (Concanavalin A and phorbol myristate acetate). Human ETAF also was chemotactic for rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes and was directly mitogenic for cultured human dermal fibroblasts. Injection of human ETAF into C3H/HeJ mice, resulted in inducing serum amyloid A (SAA) production by murine hepatocytes. The thymocyte growth enhancing activity, the fibroblast-stimulating activity, and the SAA-inducing capacity of ETAF all coeluted off AcA54 gel. These biologic as well as biochemical properties of human keratinocyte-derived ETAF are identical with those of human macrophage-derived Interleukin 1. The ability of keratinocytes to release an immunomodulating factor with such diverse consequences may play an important role in normal wound healing and in diseases involving epithelial tissues. PMID- 6604111 TI - Epidermal cell-induced generation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses against alloantigens or TNP-modified syngeneic cells: requirement for Ia-positive Langerhans cells. AB - The role of epidermal cells (EC) in the activation of T-cell proliferation is well established. In this study we asked whether EC can provide a stimulus resulting in the generation of genetically restricted T-cell cytotoxicity. For this purpose, C57Bl/6 or C3H/He highly purified, accessory cell-depleted responder splenic T lymphocytes, were stimulated in 5-day cell-mediated cytotoxicity cultures with mitomycin C-treated allogeneic or trinitrophenyl (TNP) modified syngeneic EC, or, for control purposes, with unfractionated spleen cells (SC). Untreated and complement (C')-treated EC induced strong cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity in highly purified allogeneic T cells and, in analogy, TNP-modified EC led to the generation of TNP-self CTL, as tested in 4-h 51Cr release assays against allogeneic or TNP-modified syngeneic EC or SC targets. These cytotoxic responses were comparable in magnitude to those seen with allogeneic or TNP-modified syngeneic SC stimulators. In contrast, alloreactive or TNP-self CTL responses were not generated when stimulating EC were depleted of Langerhans cells by pretreatment with anti-Ia monoclonal antibodies plus C' or, for control purposes, when highly purified T-cell stimulators were used. These results demonstrate that EC induce the generation of alloreactive and TNP-self CTL in the absence of Ia-positive splenic accessory cells and that Ia-bearing Langerhans cell are required for this process to occur. PMID- 6604112 TI - From the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Summary of a workshop on Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccines. PMID- 6604113 TI - Clinical correlates of circulating immune complexes in patients with recent yersiniosis. AB - Circulating immune complexes (CICs) and rheumatoid factor were studied in 31 patients with serologically confirmed yersiniosis (12 in a pilot series and 19 in a prospective series). Yersiniosis is an intestinal infection complicated occasionally by extraintestinal symptoms such as aseptic arthritis. Four tests representing three main principles (affinity of human platelets and of C1q for complexed IgG and of conglutinin for C3) were used for the detection of CICs, which were found in all patients. Fifty-five of 62 specimens of serum from the prospective series of 19 patients reacted positively in at least one test. The conglutinin-binding assay and the platelet-125I-labeled staphylococcal protein A test gave positive results most frequently (74% and 84% of the time). Mean levels of CICs were significantly higher in patients with prolonged gastroenteritis than in those with histocompatibility leukocyte antigen B27-positive arthritis. During follow-up, the mean level of CICs (as measured by the platelet-protein A test) decreased significantly in patients with arthritis, while CICs and rheumatoid factor persisted in patients with prolonged gastroenteritis. PMID- 6604114 TI - Pathogenesis of Borna disease in rats: immune-mediated viral ophthalmoencephalopathy causing blindness and behavioral abnormalities. AB - Borna disease virus is an unclassified agent that causes a rare but fatal encephalitis in horses in Germany. In experimental animals the virus causes acute fatal encephalitis in some instances and chronic encephalitis with abnormal behavior in others. In initial studies of the pathogenesis of the latter disease in rats, the virus was shown to replicate only in the nervous system, with the greatest concentration of infectivity in the cerebrum and eyes. Viral replication continued indefinitely in both newborn and adult rats. The adult animals developed self-limiting, necrotizing encephalitis in the cerebrum, with inflammation spreading to the retina. Inflammation receded after two months, however, with concomitant cessation of necrosis; static hydrocephalus was observed at this point. Levels of viral replication were unaffected by these changes. Rats became frenzied and aggressive during the encephalitic period but became permanently passive and inactive after inflammation receded. Infected neonates and immunosuppressed adults did not become ill. The frenzied behavior and subsequent blindness in immunocompetent adults were therefore attributed to a uniquely transient immunopathologic reaction targeted to centers in the limbic system and retinal neurons. PMID- 6604115 TI - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome in the United States: the first 1,000 cases. AB - Between June 1981 and February 1983, the Centers for Disease Control (Atlanta) received reports of 1,000 patients living in the United States who met a surveillance definition for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Seventy-three percent of these patients were diagnosed after January 1, 1982. The 1,000 patients included 284 with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), 497 with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), 83 with KS and PCP, and 136 with opportunistic infections other than PCP. The overall mortality has been 39.2%. Cases have been reported from 32 states and the District of Columbia; New York, California, New Jersey, and Florida account for 82.7% of the reports. All but 61 of the patients could be classified into one or more of the following groups: homosexual or bisexual men, intravenous drug abusers, Haitian natives, or patients with hemophilia. Epidemiologic trends in AIDS cases are consistent with the gradual extension of an infectious agent into new populations. PMID- 6604116 TI - [A case of B-cell lymphoma of stomach origin with central nervous system infiltration at the relapse]. PMID- 6604117 TI - Human mononuclear cell modulation of endothelial cell proliferation. AB - Endothelial cell proliferation is a histologic characteristic of several forms of nephritis characterized by infiltration of the glomerulus with mononuclear cells. To investigate the mechanism mediating this event, human endothelial cells isolated from umbilical veins and cultured in vitro were incubated with supernatants of cultured human mononuclear cells. Supernatants from mononuclear cells exerted a dose-dependent stimulatory effect on endothelial cell proliferation. The stimulatory effect of supernatant was almost entirely removed by prior depletion of mononuclear cells of monocytes by adherence, suggesting that a monocyte product was responsible for the activity. To investigate the nature of the ligand responsible, partially purified human interleukin I added to endothelial cell cultures was found to stimulate cellular proliferation. PMID- 6604118 TI - Theories of recovery for DES damage. Is tort liability the answer? PMID- 6604119 TI - Product liability actions in medical negligence. The barrier is breaking. PMID- 6604120 TI - Genetic testing in employment situations. A question of worker rights. PMID- 6604121 TI - Supplemented eggshell restores calcium transport in chorioallantoic membrane of cultured shell-less chick embryos. AB - It was previously reported (Tuan, 1980a) that the development-specific expression of calcium transport and related functions in the chick embryonic chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) requires the continuous presence of the eggshell, the calcium source of the embryo. To further understand the mechanism of action of the eggshell on the CAM functions, this study reports the effects of eggshell supplementation on chick embryos maintained in shell-less cultures. The cultured embryos were able to accumulate and utilize the exogenous shell calcium, applied directly onto the CAM, for skeletal formation. In the region of the CAM directly adhering to the added shell, calcium transport activity, calcium-binding protein (CaBP) activity, and vitamin K-dependent gamma-glutamyl carboxylase activity were significantly restored. These results strongly suggest that the proximity of shell calcium may regulate expression of calcium transport and related functions in the chick embryonic CAM. PMID- 6604122 TI - T cell tolerance to non-H-2-encoded stimulatory alloantigens is induced intrathymically but not prethymically. AB - The present report has evaluated the differentiation compartment in which T cells are tolerized to non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-encoded minor lymphocyte-stimulating locus (MLS) alloantigens. It was observed that T cell precursors are not tolerized prethymically to MLS alloantigens but are tolerized intrathymically and postthymically to MLS alloantigens. The failure of prethymic T cells to be tolerized indicates either that T cell precursors are unable to be tolerized to MLS alloantigens or that cells in the prethymic compartment are unable to induce MLS-specific tolerance. In either case, these results demonstrate that the thymus is the initial site in which T cell tolerance to MLS alloantigen is induced. The present results also demonstrate a striking disparity in the reactivity of thymocytes to MHC and MLS alloantigens expressed in the extrathymic host through which their precursors had migrated. In the experimental mice constructed for these studies, intrathymic T cells were tolerant to the MHC alloantigens but were reactive to the MLS alloantigens expressed by the extrathymic host. This observation is consistent with the concept that T cell precursors may be tolerized to MHC alloantigens at an earlier point in their differentiation than they are tolerized to non-MHC-encoded MLS alloantigens. PMID- 6604123 TI - Human platelet activation by C3a and C3a des-arg. AB - C3a liberated from C3 by treatment with C3 convertase (or by trypsin) induced aggregation of gel-filtered human platelets and stimulated serotonin release. At concentrations of 10(-10) M to 8 X 10(-12) M, C3a induced aggregation when added alone to platelets. However, at lower concentrations (2 X 10(-12) M) C3a did not aggregate platelets directly but exhibited highly significant synergism (two-way analysis of variance P less than 0.0001) with ADP in mediating platelet aggregation and release of serotonin. Removal of the C-terminus arginine from C3a abolished anaphylotoxin activity but did not affect the platelet-stimulating activity of the peptide. C3a and C3a des-arg were equally reactive in mediating platelet aggregation and release of serotonin. Further C3a and C3a des-arg exhibited synergism with ADP of equal significance in both aggregation and the release reaction. The concentrations of C3a required for the platelet-stimulating activity involve relatively small number of molecules per platelet (4,000-10,000 for the synergistic reaction with ADP). These data suggest the possibility of a C3a (C3a des-arg) receptor on human platelets. This premise is strengthened by the demonstration ultrastructurally of C3a on the platelet membrane subsequent to C3a stimulation. PMID- 6604124 TI - Idiotype-like molecules on cells of a human T cell leukemia. AB - Two monoclonal antibodies were obtained that showed unique specificities for the leukemic T cells used for immunization. One antibody, S160, was totally specific for the antigen. The other antibody, S511, also reacted with a small population of normal T cells. This was made especially evident by concentrating these normal T cells with the antibody. Considerable evidence was obtained that both antibodies reacted with the same membrane molecules. In the unreduced state a major component of approximately 80 kdaltons was observed; after reduction this split into two components of approximately 43 and approximately 38 kdaltons. The reaction of the two antibodies with different antigenic sites on the same molecule, one representing a private site and the other a more cross-reactive site, strongly suggests an antibodylike molecule, but composed of polypeptide chains differing from immunoglobulins. PMID- 6604125 TI - Expression of the thymus leukemia antigen by activated peripheral T lymphocytes. AB - Peripheral T lymphocytes activated in vitro with concanavalin A (Con A) or alloantigens express the thymus leukemia (TL) alloantigen as assessed by staining with the monoclonal antibody TL.m3 and flow cytometric analysis. The determinants detected by TL.m3 on activated cells are encoded within the Tla region and are detected as early as 48 h after activation with Con A. Several long-term cloned cytotoxic T lymphocyte lines were also examined and each expressed TL. By two dimensional analysis, the TL isolated from activated peripheral cells was indistinguishable from that found on thymocytes and the leukemia cell line ASL-1. PMID- 6604126 TI - Mechanisms regulating IgA class-specific immunoglobulin production in murine gut associated lymphoid tissues. II. Terminal differentiation of postswitch sIgA bearing Peyer's patch B cells. AB - Our previous studies indicated that cloned T cells obtained from Peyer's patches (PP) (Lyt-1+, 2-, Ia+, and H-2K/D+) evoked immunoglobulin (Ig) class switching of PP B cells from sIgM to sIgA cells in vitro; however, these switch T cells could not in themselves provide optimal help for the differentiation of postswitch sIgA bearing PP B cells to IgA-secreting cells. Thus, in the present report we described studies focused on mechanisms regulating terminal differentiation of the postswitch PP sIgA-bearing B cells. First, to explore the effect of T cell derived B cell differentiation factor(s) (BCDF) and macrophage factor(s) (MF) on the terminal maturation of PP B cells, LPS-stimulated PP B cells were co-cultured for 7 d with cloned T cells in the presence or absence of the above factors. In the absence of PP cloned T cells the BCDF and MF had only a modest effect on IgA production, whereas in the presence of PP, but not spleen cloned T cells, IgA production was increased. Next, to investigate the effect of T cells derived from a gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), as well as from spleen on terminal differentiation of postswitch sIgA PP B cells, LPS-driven PP B cells were precultured with the cloned T cells to induce a switch to sIgA, and subsequently cultured with MLN or spleen T cells or a Lyt-2+-depleted T cell subset in the presence of a T-dependent polyclonal mitogen, staphylococcal protein A. Alternatively, in the second culture period BCDF alone was added, instead of T cells and protein A. Here it was found that B cells pre-exposed to switch T cells from PP, but not spleen, were induced to produce greatly increased amounts of IgA in the presence of protein A and T cells or a Lyt-2+-depleted T cell subset as well as in the presence of BCDF alone. Furthermore, in the presence of BCDF alone many B cells expressed cytoplasmic IgA. These observations strongly support the view that the terminal differentiation of postswitch sIgA B cells is governed by helper T cells and macrophages, or factors derived from such cells. Such cells or factors do not affect preswitch B cells. PMID- 6604127 TI - Evidence for two distinct classes of murine B cell growth factors with activities in different functional assays. AB - Several previously described B cell growth factor (BCGF) activities from a number of mouse monoclonal T cell sources were compared in different functional assays. The results indicate that there are two distinct classes of BCGF defined by functional activity and source. BCGF I, whose prototype is (EL4)BCGF, synergized with anti-Ig in the proliferation of normal splenic B cells but had no activity when dextran sulfate (DXS), rather than anti-Ig, was used to costimulate the same source of B cells. BCGF I also failed to directly stimulate BCL1 tumor B cells. In contrast, BCGF II, whose prototype is (DL)BCGF, showed a reciprocal pattern of activity. BCGF II failed to synergize with anti-Ig-costimulated normal B cells to give good proliferative responses. Sources of BCGF II also directly stimulated (no anti-Ig or DXS added) B cells of the BCL1 tumor-carrying mice. These results suggest that the two BCGF may have activity on two subsets of B cells that respond differentially to induction with the two polyclonal B cell activators, anti-Ig and DXS. The possibilities that these different patterns of response occur in separate lineages of B cells and/or in B cells in different states of differentiation is discussed. PMID- 6604128 TI - Unbalanced X chromosome mosaicism in B cells of mice with X-linked immunodeficiency. AB - The immunodeficiency in CBA/N mice is reflected by abnormal development of a subset of B lymphocytes. However, it is not clear how xid, the mutant gene in CBA/N mice, affects the development of this subset. Specifically, it is not known if the xid gene influences the development of the B cell subset directly or indirectly by providing the improper developmental milieu through effects on other cells. We investigated this question using female mice heterozygous for two x chromosomal genes, xid and Pgk-1 (phosphoglycerate kinase-1). Since females are mosaic because of x chromosome inactivation, their lymphocytes can be studied for the choice of the x chromosome, using the two PGK-1 isoenzymes as the cytological marker. We find that B lymphocytes in the spleen prefer the x chromosome without xid while the remaining splenocytes and cells from other tissues do not. This suggests that xid affects B lymphocytes directly and not through their developmental milieu. Furthermore, our data suggest that the precursors for IgG1- and IgG3-producing cells may be both few and different. PMID- 6604129 TI - Antigen-like effects of monoclonal antibodies directed at receptors on human T cell clones. AB - Recent studies suggested that the clonally unique Ti epitopes defined by non cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies might represent the variable regions of the antigen receptor. Here we determine whether such anti-Ti antibodies could trigger clonal T cell activation. Anticlonotypic monoclonal antibodies to the 49/43 kdalton heterodimer of a given clone or antibodies to the 20/25-kdalton membrane associated monomorphic T3 molecule selectively induce proliferation and IL-2 secretion when linked to a solid support. In contrast, anti-T4 and anti-T8 antibodies under the same conditions have no effect. In conclusion, these results imply that anticlonotypic antibody functions in a fashion analogous to antigen and further support the notion that the T3-Ti molecular complex represents the antigen receptor on human T lymphocytes. PMID- 6604131 TI - [Arteriovenous malformation of stomach--a case report]. PMID- 6604130 TI - Generation of an HLA-restricted cytotoxic T cell line reactive against cultured tumor cells from a patient infected with human T cell leukemia/lymphoma virus. AB - Lymphocytes from a patient who had an unusually long survival after therapy for a human T cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV)-associated T cell lymphoma were stimulated in vitro with an autologous tumor cell line, and the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) was studied. CTL generated were directed against autologous (HTLV-associated tumor cells. These propagated CTL were OKT3+, OKT4-, and OKT8+. The cytotoxic activity required target tumor cells that were infected with HTLV and also expressed histocompatibility antigens in common with the patient, suggesting a major histocompatibility complex-restricted associative recognition of target antigens expressed on the tumor cell membrane. PMID- 6604132 TI - Facial flushing after thermocoagulation of the Gasserian ganglion. AB - The development of a facial flush during thermocoagulation of the Gasserian ganglion was monitored in 16 patients with pulse recording techniques and in a further 17 patients with thermography. There was a close association between the development of the facial flush in the distribution of one or more divisions of the trigeminal nerve and the subsequent demonstration of postoperative analgesia. In regions where significant changes took place, vascular pulsations increased 25 233% (mean 96%) and facial temperature rose 0.5-2.0 degrees C. The response persisted for up to an hour postoperatively, and was not diminished in patients with pre-operative analgesia from a previous procedure. Possible mechanisms for the facial flush, including stimulation of an active vasodilator system, the antidromic release of vasoactive substances from trigeminal nerve terminals and the release of tonic vasoconstriction are discussed. A practical application of the pulse recording technique used in the present investigation would be to monitor the distribution of vasodilatation at operation to avoid unwanted first division sensory loss. PMID- 6604133 TI - Familial spastic paraplegia with Kallmann's syndrome. AB - A sibship is reported in which two males have spastic paraparesis and Kallmann's syndrome (hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and anosmia). One of the brothers also is color blind. The association of familial spastic paraplegia and Kallmann's syndrome has not been described previously. PMID- 6604135 TI - Hemispheric infarction after herpes zoster ophthalmicus. PMID- 6604134 TI - The effects of the "vestibular sedative" drug, Flunarizine upon the vestibular and oculomotor systems. AB - The effects of the "vestibular sedative" drug Flunarizine upon the oculomotor functions of pursuit and voluntary saccades and upon the vestibular response (to rotational stimuli) were assessed in twenty volunteer subjects. The study was then extended to three patients with chronic imbalance of central origin who had reported a beneficial symptomatic response to the drug. Three of the volunteer subjects were found to have a directional preponderance (presumed to arise from peripheral dysfunction). In the remaining seventeen normal subjects Flunarizine was found to reduce the amplitudes of fast phases of vestibular nystagmus. The directional preponderance in the other three subjects was redressed through production of fast phases which were of lower and more uniform amplitude. In the patients, in addition to a reduction in fast phase amplitude, there was a reduction or abolition of after nystagmus. In no case was any reduction in slow phase velocity observed. Pursuit and voluntary saccades were unaffected by the drug. It was concluded, on the basis that the fast phases of nystagmus are centrally generated, that Flunarizine has a central action rather than a depressant effect upon the vestibular end organ. In view of known oculomotor physiology and pharmacology it is proposed that vestibular sedatives act by depression of Type II vestibular neurons, and modification of the functional relationships between the vestibular nuclei, the perihypoglossal nuclei and the flocculus of the cerebellum. A trial of vestibular active drug is indicated particularly in patients in whom asymmetry of the vestibular response and/or abnormal after nystagmus is demonstrated. PMID- 6604136 TI - Central compensation of vestibular deficits. I. Response characteristics of lateral vestibular neurons to roll tilt after ipsilateral labyrinth deafferentation. PMID- 6604137 TI - Modification of a rapidly transported protein in regenerating nerve. AB - From 1 to 28 days after frog sciatic nerve damage, dorsal root ganglia were incubated with [35S] methionine, and the labeled, rapidly transported proteins at various points along the nerve were analyzed on two-dimensional gels. The results show a dramatic increase in the labeling of a protein, which we have designated as A25, only after the arrival of the rapidly transported proteins at regenerating nerve tips. This effect is first seen 3 to 5 days after injury. On gels from regenerating nerves, A25 appears as a series of intense spots with an apparent molecular weight of 70,000. A25 is retrogradely transported from the regenerating nerve tip regions. Since labeled A25 increases only after the rapidly transported proteins reach regions of nerve containing regenerating axons, we conclude that it most likely arises from post-translational modification of a transported protein. Various experiments were conducted to rule out alternative sources of A25 labeling at the nerve periphery. PMID- 6604138 TI - Detection of severe cornary heart disease with TI-201: comparison of resting single photon emission tomography with invasive arteriography. AB - To investigate the application of TI-201 single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) at rest in the confirmation of coronary heart disease (CHD), we studied 95 patients who had all undergone coronary angiography and cineventriculography. We separated three groups, patients with (a) prior myocardial infarction (MI) (n = 45), (b) no history of MI (n = 40), and (c) no abnormality of coronary angiogram (n = 23). The results of planar imaging with computer-assisted evaluation (scintimetry, SCM) and of SPECT with a three-plane reconstruction (transverse, sagittal, frontal) were compared with the invasive, arteriographic findings. SPECT yielded a higher sensitivity (93%) than SCM (68%) in the detection of defects in both infarcted and noninfarcted groups. The specificity was found to be almost equal in the two imaging modalities. A significant (p less than or equal to 0.01) increase in accuracy was found in SPECT in the assessment of the posterior wall (54% compared with 88%) as well as in the general detection of defects (68% compared with 88%). Applying the SPECT imaging technique increases both the diagnostic accuracy of TI-201 myocardial imaging and the anatomical association of CHD. PMID- 6604139 TI - Brain blood flow measured with intravenous H2(15)O. I. Theory and error analysis. AB - The tissue autoradiographic method for the measurement of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in animals was adapted for use with positron emission tomography (PET). Because of the limited spatial resolution of PET, a region of interest will contain a mix of gray and white matter, inhomogeneous in flow and in tracer partition coefficient (lambda). The resultant error in rCBF, however, is less than 4%. Although the tissue autoradiographic method requires a monotonically increasing input function to ensure a unique solution for flow, the PET adaptation does not, because of an additional integration in the operational equation. Simulation showed that the model is accurate in the presence of ischemia or hyperemia of the gray matter. Inaccuracy in timing of the arterial input function will result in large errors in rCBF measurement. Propagation of errors in measurement of tissue activity is largely independent of flow, reflecting the nearly linear flow compared with activity relationship. PMID- 6604140 TI - Brain blood flow measured with intravenous H2(15)O. II. Implementation and validation. AB - We have adapted the well-known tissue autoradiographic technique for the measurement of regional cerebral blood flow (CBF), originally proposed by Kety and his colleagues, for the measurement of CBF in human subjects using positron emission tomography (PET) and intravenously administered oxygen-15-labeled water. This report describes the steps necessary for the implementation of this PET/autoradiographic technique. In order to establish the accuracy of the method, we measured CBF with intravenously administered oxygen-15-labeled water and PET in anesthetized adult baboons and compared the results with blood flow measured by a standard tracer technique that uses residue detection of a bolus of oxygen 15-labeled water injected into the internal carotid artery. The correlation between CBF measured with PET and the true CBF for the same cerebral hemisphere was excellent. Over a blood-flow range of 10-63 ml/(min X 100 g), CBF (PET) = 0.90 CBF(true) + 0.40 (n = 23, r = 0.96, p less than 0.001). When blood flow exceeds 65 ml/(min X 100 g) CBF was progressively underestimated due to the known limitation of brain permeability to water. PMID- 6604141 TI - In- 111-labeled leukocyte imaging: false-positive study due to acute gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - A case is reported in which In- 111-labeled leukocytes accumulated in the left colon on a 24-hr delayed image. This was found to be secondary to an upper gastrointestinal bleed in progress at the time of injection of the radiolabeled leukocytes. PMID- 6604142 TI - C-11 dimethyloxazolidinedione (DMO): biodistribution, radiation absorbed dose, and potential for PET measurement of regional brain pH: concise communication. AB - An improved radiochemical synthesis for C-11 dimethyloxazolidinedione (C-11 DMO) makes this agent attractive for the measurement of regional brain tissue pH (rpH) using positron emission tomography (PET). Toward this end, biodistribution data for C-14 DMO in rats at various times after an intravenous bolus injection are reported, together with estimates of radiation absorbed dose for C-11 DMO in man. An error analysis of C-11 DMO PET measurement of rpH indicates that rpH can be determined to within +/- 0.1 pH unit for pH greater than 6.5 with a 20-mCi injected bolus of C-11 DMO, a 30- 45-min equilibration time, and a 15-min PET imaging period. PMID- 6604143 TI - Labeled choline and phosphorylcholine: body distribution and brain autoradiography: concise communication. AB - Following intravenous injection of labeled choline or phosphorylcholine in rats and mice, the brain uptake as percent injected dose was less than 0.2% with 6-12% going to kidney and 3-6% to liver. A study of [14C]choline autoradiography in a stump-tailed macaque demonstrated a five- to sixfold greater uptake in gray matter than in white matter. Dynamic positron imaging of [11C]choline in a rhesus monkey demonstrated rapid brain uptake followed by rapid washout, with heavy late uptake in muscle. The use of labeled choline and choline analogs as imaging agents in human studies is constrained by the low brain uptake relative to extracerebral tissues. PMID- 6604144 TI - SPECT resolution and uniformity improvements by noncircular orbit. AB - A noncircular orbit implemented by a combination of rotational and translational motions in single photon emission computed tomography improves significantly the image resolution and uniformity. The former is realized by closer access of the detector to the object at each projection angle, and the latter by suppression of ring artifacts through the shifts in the distance between the centers of detector and object. This has been demonstrated by comparing the SPECT images for an elliptical orbit of 40 cm X 30 cm with the equivalent circular orbit of 40 cm diameter, performed by SPECT system with a high resolution collimator. Resolution FWHM improvements were 1.5-2.5 mm. Lesion contrast improved by a factor of 2.8 for a nonradioactive rod of 6 mm diam. In phantom images, the elliptical orbit showed better definition of lesion shape, sharper edge response, and clearly increased detectability. Translational motion reduced ring artifacts, particularly near the image center. PMID- 6604145 TI - A simple way to determine the amount of blood lost during oral surgery. PMID- 6604146 TI - Circulating vitamin D metabolite concentrations in children with nutritional rickets. AB - Serum calcidiol, calcitriol, and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations were measured in 20 children with vitamin D-deficiency rickets. Vitamin D metabolite concentrations were measured in 17 of 20 patients before treatment and in 14 of 20 patients after vitamin D administration. Conclusions are as follows. (1) Before treatment, serum calcidiol seems to be the best criterion of D deficiency, as it was low (less than 8 ng/ml) in 15 of 17 studied children, whereas calcitriol and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations ranged from undetectable to high values (350 pg/ml and 5.9 ng/ml, respectively). (2) Low calcidiol concentrations may occur despite recent vitamin D intake: low serum values were found in children given vitamin D2 up to two months after the onset of therapy (50 micrograms/day). (3) Elevated calcitriol serum concentrations were observed in all children after initiation of vitamin D therapy; these high concentrations persisted for four weeks or more, even after normalization of serum calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone values. (4) Healing of biochemical abnormalities can occur even in children with low circulating concentrations of calcidiol and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. PMID- 6604147 TI - Epidermal growth factor in human milk: daily production and diurnal variation during early lactation in mothers delivering at term and at premature gestation. AB - Epidermal growth factor is a polypeptide that stimulates proliferation and differentiation of a variety of cell types, including the developing intestinal epithelium; it is the agent in human milk that induces mitosis in human fibroblast culture. We systematically evaluated the EGF content of milk from 20 women delivering prematurely and from 11 women delivering at term. In preterm mothers, the concentration of EGF was 70 +/- 5 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM), with no significant change during seven weeks of lactation. EGF concentration in milk of term mothers was 68 +/- 19 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM). No diurnal variation in the concentration was found. Total EGF content was closely correlated with the volume of milk expressed, suggesting a passive transport from the circulation. These observations confirm that a substantial amount of EGF is present in human milk and that EGF concentrations are not affected by duration of gestation, time of day, or duration of lactation. PMID- 6604148 TI - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia and intact T cell immunity. PMID- 6604150 TI - Increased intestinal clearance of alpha 1-antitrypsin in patients with alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency. AB - To evaluate the possible contribution of enteric losses of alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) to the low serum levels of alpha 1-AT seen in patients with alpha 1 AT deficiency, we investigated intestinal clearance of alpha 1-AT (C-alpha 1-AT) in five of these patients (mean age 3.4 years) and compared it to that of 10 patients (mean age 3.7 years) with gastrointestinal disorders and normal serum albumin values who served as controls. C-alpha 1-AT was also determined in four patients (mean age 9 months) with noncirrhotic liver disease. The percent of daily alpha 1-AT turnover which could be attributed to stool losses was calculated in these groups of patients. alpha 1-AT was measured in stool and serum by radial immunodiffusion and the clearance calculated. The mean C-alpha 1 AT in the patients with alpha 1-AT deficiency was significantly (p less than 0.05) higher than that of the controls. The liver disease patients had values for C-alpha 1-AT in the range of the controls. Three of the alpha 1-AT deficiency patients had values for C-alpha 1-AT greater than the mean plus 3 SD of the control, but these were not in the range seen in patients with protein losing enteropathy. Mean percent contribution of stool losses to total daily alpha 1-AT turnover was similar in all three groups. We conclude that patients with alpha 1 AT deficiency have increased fecal clearance of alpha 1-AT seemingly unrelated to the liver disease, but that this is not a major cause of the low serum levels. PMID- 6604149 TI - Elevation of serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in response to physiologic doses of vitamin D in vitamin D-deficient infants. PMID- 6604151 TI - Transport of methotrexate in cortical slices of monkey kidney: effect of organic anions and vincristine. AB - Thin cortical slices of cynamolgus and rhesus monkey kidney were used to study the renal transport of methotrexate (MTX). In experiments with renal cortical slices, MTX uptake at 25 degrees C was linear over the initial 30 min and was temperature-dependent. The Km was 0.094 mM for MTX uptake at 25 degrees C and Vmax was 0.098 mumol/g of tissue/30 min. In the presence of either 1 mM 2,4 dinitrophenol, p-aminohippurate or acetylsalicylate, MTX uptake was competitively inhibited. 2,4-Dinitrophenol had the greatest and acetylsalicylate had the least inhibitory effect. Folinic acid, folic acid and ouabain produced little or no effect on MTX uptake. MTX efflux from preloaded slices (preincubated with 0.5 mM MTX for 45 min) was a first-order process with T 1/2 of 7.13 +/- 0.86 min. In the presence of vincristine or p-aminohippurate the half-lives for MTX were 15.25 +/- 0.91 and 4.59 +/- 0.47 min, respectively. Thus vincristine, an organic base, was found to augment MTX uptake, due to a reduction in the rate of efflux of MTX from the cortical tissues, whereas p-aminohippurate, an organic acid, was found to decrease MTX intracellular concentration by blocking influx and stimulating efflux. It was concluded that the renal transport of MTX in monkey kidney is mediated predominantly by an organic anion secretory process and that there is probably little or no reabsorptive transport. PMID- 6604152 TI - Compensatory eye movements during active and passive head movements: fast adaptation to changes in visual magnification. AB - Rotational eye and head movements were recorded with great precision with scleral and cranial search coils in a rotating magnetic field. Compensatory eye movements were recorded in light and darkness during active as well as passive head movements in the frequency range 0.33-1.33 Hz. From the recorded, nominal gaze movements the effective gaze was reconstructed taking into account magnification or reduction factors of corrective spectacles. Effective gain was calculated as the ratio between the velocities of the effective corrective eye movements and the head movements. In the light, effective gain of compensatory eye movements during active head motion was mostly between 0.97 and 1.03. It was never precisely unity and differed systematically between subjects and between the two eyes of each subject. During passive head motion in the light, gain was lower by about 3% than during active motion. During active head movement in the dark, gain was mostly between 0.92 and 1.00; values were about 5% lower than during active motion in the light. During passive head movement in the dark, gain was about 13% lower than during active motion, and the variability of the oculomotor response increased. Adaptation of these base-line conditions was induced by fitting the subjects with magnifying or reducing spectacles for periods of 40 min to 24 h. The largest required change in amplitude of eye movements was 36%. When active head movements were made, the amplitude of compensatory eye movements in the light as well as in the dark adjusted rapidly. Most of the adaptation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex in the dark was completed in about 30 min. This rate is much faster than that found in previous experiments requiring larger adaptive changes. Differential adaptation to unequal demands for the two eyes proved to be very hard or impossible. In a mild conflict situation the system adjusted to an intermediate level, distributing the error symmetrically between the eyes. When the discrepancy was large, the adaptive process of both eyes was controlled by the one eye which provided the most meaningful information. It is concluded that the system generating compensatory eye movements performs best during active rather than passive head movements, and that adaptation to moderate changes in optimal gain are made very rapidly. PMID- 6604153 TI - Selective reinnervation of twitch and tonic muscle fibres of the frog. AB - The electrical properties and innervation of piriformis muscle fibres and the conduction velocities and thresholds of the corresponding motor axons were studied. In normal muscles all fibres clearly fell into the category of twitch or tonic. Tonic muscle fibres were selectively reinnervated by small motor axons after crushing or cutting the piriformis nerve. Twitch fibres were reinnervated by large motor axons. Tonic fibres were also selectively reinnervated by small motor axons when the proximal stump of the piriformis nerve was cut and attached to the caudal end of the muscle. With this procedure the possibility of mechanical guidance by remaining neural sheaths was eliminated. Polyneuronal innervation in twitch fibres in piriformis muscles of normal frogs was 4.7% and in contralateral muscles of operated frogs with the piriformis nerve cut it was 22.6%. Unexpectedly three out of seventeen tonic fibres in contralateral muscles were simultaneously innervated by both small and large motor axons. It is concluded that reinnervation is highly specific for fibre type in frog skeletal muscles. PMID- 6604156 TI - Prostaglandin E2 vaginal suppositories in the treatment of intractable late-onset postpartum hemorrhage. A case report. AB - Late-onset postpartum hemorrhage may sometimes be refractory to conventional methods of treatment. Prostaglandin E2 vaginal suppositories have been described as effective in arresting immediate postpartum hemorrhage secondary to uterine atony. This is the first report of the use of this treatment in a patient with massive hemorrhage three weeks after delivery. PMID- 6604154 TI - Calcium transients studied under voltage-clamp control in frog twitch muscle fibres. AB - 1. Intracellular calcium transients were recorded from frog twitch muscle fibres in response to voltage-clamped depolarizing pulses, using arsenazo III as an intracellular calcium monitor. The object was to investigate the time- and voltage-dependent characteristics of the coupling process between membrane depolarization and calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (s.r.)2. To examine the extent to which the T-tubule membrane potential was controlled during clamp pulses, the dye NK 2367 was used as an optical probe of tubular potential. This indicated that the tubular time constant is about 0.6 msec.3. Strength duration curves were obtained for depolarizing pulses required to give both threshold mechanical contraction and calcium signal. Curves measured in these two ways were closely similar.4. Changes in holding potential altered the strength duration curve for calcium release so that at more positive holding potentials a shorter pulse was needed to obtain a response for any given pulse amplitude.5. A latency of a few milliseconds was observed between the onset of depolarization and the initial rise of the calcium signal. This became shorter with stronger depolarizations, but approached a minimum at potentials above about +25 mV.6. Subthreshold depolarizations applied before a test pulse increased the size and decreased the latency of the calcium signal. Conditioning hyperpolarizations had opposite effects.7. The rate of build-up of potentiation or depression of response size seen with subthreshold de- and hyperpolarizing conditioning pulses was examined using conditioning pulses of different durations. For both pulses this process showed a time constant of about 3 msec (at 10 degrees C).8. The rate of decay of potentiation or depression was similarly measured, using a gap of variable duration between conditioning and test pulses. For both de- and hyperpolarizing pulses this showed a time constant of about 5 msec (10 degrees C).9. The relationship between conditioning pulse potential, and the size of calcium signal elicited by a following test pulse was non-linear.10. Subthreshold pulses immediately following a brief test pulse affected the size of the calcium signal in a similar way to preceding conditioning pulses.11. The relationship between potential and size of the calcium signal was examined using pulses of 3 and 20 msec duration. With the long pulse the relation was roughly sigmoid, but with the short pulse continued to rise even at strongly positive potentials.12. The results are discussed in terms of a model in which the exponential build-up of a hypothetical coupler in the excitation-contraction (e.-c.) coupling process is presumed to lead to calcium release when a threshold level is exceeded. PMID- 6604155 TI - Aequorin-calcium transients in frog twitch muscle fibres. AB - Intracellular Ca2+ transients, evoked either by action potentials or depolarizing clamp pulses, were studied in frog sartorius muscle fibres injected with aequorin. The time course of the Ca2+ transients became shorter as the temperature was increased. The half rise time and decay time constants showed straight lines between 3 and 30 degrees C in Arrhenius plots, with a Q10 of 2.5 and 2.3 respectively. The potential dependence of the Ca2+ transient was examined under voltage clamp. The peak light amplitude reached a plateau at around +50 mV, suggesting that Ca2+ release continues beyond the potential level at which contraction was saturated. During a prolonged depolarization, the Ca2+ transient gradually declined. The time course of decline became faster when long depolarizing pulses were repeated, or when the temperature was increased. The Q10 for half duration of the Ca2+ transient evoked by prolonged depolarization was 2.2. A Ca2+ transient could be evoked in Ca2+-free Ringer solution containing EGTA. Formamide, which is known to abolish excitation-contraction coupling, also abolished the Ca2+ transient. During maintained depolarization, the time integral of the Ca2+ transient was larger for larger depolarizations, suggesting that the total amount of Ca2+ released was greater for the more intense depolarization. The decline of the Ca2+ transient during maintained depolarization is probably due to inactivation of excitation-contraction coupling rather than the depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores. These findings support the view that in frog skeletal muscle fibres the increase in intracellular Ca2+, caused by membrane depolarization, is produced by the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores and that any influx of Ca2+ from the external medium does not contribute appreciably to the aequorin-Ca2+ transient. PMID- 6604157 TI - Ovarian hemorrhage in women with Von Willebrand's disease. A report of two cases. AB - Two sisters of reproductive age with Von Willebrand's disease experienced ovarian hemorrhage. The possibility of such a hemorrhage should be considered in such patients even though it is rare. PMID- 6604158 TI - Antibody to Ro in a population of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: distribution, clinical and serological associations. AB - Anti-Ro occurs in 1/3 of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with equal prevalence at all ages, ages at onset of SLE, and disease durations. In SLE anti Ro is associated with xerophthalmia but not rheumatoid factor (RF). Anti ds-DNA rather than anti-Ro or RF is associated with SLE arthritis. We found a positive correlation between increased anti ds-DNA levels and the prevalence of anti-Ro in SLE patients' sera. This reinforces the thesis that anti-Ro may have considerable value as a diagnostic marker for SLE. PMID- 6604159 TI - Sialographic study in patients with and without antibodies to Sjogren's syndrome A (Ro). AB - Antibodies to Sjogren's syndrome A (SS-A) (Ro) antigen were detected in 13 of 16 (81%) patients with sicca alone and 18 of 34 (54%) patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Antibodies to Sjogren's syndrome B (SS-B) (La, Ha) antigen were detected in 7 of 16 (44%) patients with sicca alone. These percentages were statistically higher than those in other types of connective tissue diseases. There were no direct correlations between titers of antibodies to SS-A (Ro) and severity of sialographic abnormalities in 35 patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS). However comparison of a total of 20 sialograms obtained from patients with antibodies to SS-A (Ro) showed more advanced changes than in a total of 36 sialograms from patients without antibodies to SS-A (Ro) in systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed connective tissue disease, progressive systemic sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. These results suggested that antibody to SS-A (Ro) may be a good indicator of subclinical SS. PMID- 6604160 TI - Relationship between the articular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis and circulating immune complexes detected by three methods and specific classes of rheumatoid factors. AB - Although detected in most patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the relationship of the concentration of circulating immune complexes and specific classes of rheumatoid factors (RF) to the activity of the articular manifestations is uncertain. Therefore, 57 patients were evaluated in a prospective fashion. Combining all data, the concentration of IgG RF and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) correlated most strongly with the articular index (Pc less than 10(-4], while the concentrations of IgM RF and IgA RF did not correlate. The quantity of immune complexes detected by the C1q-SP and the mRF-SP assays correlated significantly with articular manifestations (Pc less than 0.02 and less than 0.002) while those detected by the C1q-BA did not. Strong associations between the change of the articular index and both the change of ESR (r = 0.76, Pc less than 0.007) and the change of IgG RF (r = 0.72, Pc less than 0.014) were noted in those begun on remittive agents during the course of this investigation. Of the assays for immune complexes, changes of those detected by the C1q-SP correlated most closely with the articular index (r = 0.63) in this group. These observations support a potential role for the selective use of certain laboratory parameters, in addition to the ESR, in monitoring the articular activity of certain patients with RA. PMID- 6604161 TI - Parasitic rheumatism presenting as rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A symmetrical polyarthritis with low titer positive rheumatoid factor occurred in a young man who also complained of chronic diarrhea after returning from Vietnam. Endolimax nana grew on stool culture. Both the patient's diarrhea and arthritis responded effectively to therapy with metronidazole. The diagnosis of parasitic rheumatism was made in retrospect. Diagnostic consideration should be given to this entity in patients with unusual arthropathies, particularly if they have stayed in an endemic parasitic country and have gastrointestinal symptoms. PMID- 6604162 TI - Isolation and quantitation of immune complexes in diabetic syrian hamsters: a chronological study. AB - Immune complexes (IC) were isolated from the serum of streptozotocin (Sz)-induced diabetic hamsters by coprecipitation with an equine rheumatoid-C1q factor (RhC). The IC, comprised of an unknown antigen(s) and IgG, occurred at 2 distinct time intervals during the 12-week chronological study. Although all diabetic hamsters with hyperglycemia of 300 mg/dl had IC, there was no correlation between the occurrence or concentration of IC and the degree of hyperglycemia. The cycling nature of IC in the serum of diabetic hamsters suggests that the antigen component either fluctuates chronologically or that the IC contain different antigens that do not occur simultaneously. PMID- 6604164 TI - Auto-immunity in patients with end-stage renal disease maintained on hemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - Auto-immunity as assessed by rheumatoid factor, anti-DNA, antinuclear, smooth muscle and mitochondrial circulating antibodies was evaluated in 2 groups of 25 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) being maintained either on hemodialysis or on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). In the group of hemodialysis patients, 56% showed at least one serological abnormality on pre dialysis samples: anti-DNA (8%), antinuclear (8%), smooth muscle (40%) and mitochondrial (4%) antibodies; on post-dialysis samples, 64% of the patients demonstrated abnormalities due to a rise in the incidence of anti-DNA antibodies from 8-24%. In the group of CAPD patients, 44% showed at least one serological abnormality: rheumatoid factor (4%), anti-DNA (16%), antinuclear (24%) and smooth muscle (4%) antibodies. These serological changes were generally scattered randomly within both groups. In the hemodialysis group, 2 abnormalities were present in 1 patient pre-dialysis and in 3 post-dialysis. One CAPD patient had 2 abnormalities. No correlation of these findings with age, sex, duration of dialysis and nature of renal disease could be found. The results are discussed in the context of possible abnormal antigenic stimulation in ESRD patients maintained on either form of dialysis. PMID- 6604163 TI - Studies on humoral immunity in pregnancy: immunoglobulins, alloantibodies and autoantibodies in healthy pregnant women and in pregnant women with rheumatoid disease. AB - Levels of immunoglobulins, alloantibodies and the presence of autoantibodies were prospectively studied during and after pregnancy in healthy women and in women suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). A decrease of IgG and IgA during pregnancy was found in all women while levels of IgM and alloantibodies remained stable. Multiparous women had higher levels of IgG during pregnancy when compared to primigravidae. No difference in the frequency of rheumatoid factor (RF) or antinuclear antibodies (ANA) was found when healthy pregnant women were compared to healthy non pregnant controls. None of the RF negative patients conversed to seropositivity during or after pregnancy. Decrease of ANA was correlated to remission of disease activity in the patients with RA. PMID- 6604165 TI - Association of Guillain-Barre syndrome and B-virus hepatitis: simultaneous presence of anti-DS-DNA antibodies and HBs antigen in cerebrospinal-fluid. AB - HBs antigen was found in the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with acute type B virus hepatitis and Guillain-Barre syndrome. At the onset of the neurologic disease, immunological study of the spinal fluid revealed local synthesis of immunoglobulins and, in particular, anti-double-stranded DNA IgG antibodies. These abnormalities disappeared when the neurologic syndrome remitted. These findings suggest the extension of viral aggression to the central nervous system, perhaps at the onset of the neurologic disease. PMID- 6604167 TI - Preliminary crystallographic data for the serine protease inhibitor CI-2 from barley seeds. PMID- 6604166 TI - Receptor capping in mouse T-lymphoma cells: a Ca2+ and calmodulin-stimulated ATP dependent process. AB - The roles that Ca2+, calmodulin, and ATP play in the redistribution of concanavalin A (Con A) binding sites on the surface of mouse T-lymphoma cells were examined. Membranes of cells labeled with fluorescein-conjugated Con A (Fl Con A) were made permeable ("skinned") to ions and proteins by incubation in a solution containing no added Ca2+, 7 mM EGTA, and ATP. The intracellular ionic and protein concentrations could then be varied, and the degree of Con A receptor capping monitored simultaneously. A graded increase (9.0 to 30%) was found in the number of capped cells with increasing Ca2+ concentration from 10(-6)-10(-4.9) M. Increasing concentrations of trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine, and promethazine (1.5 x 10(-6) to 1.0 x 10(-4) M) in cell suspensions containing 10(-4) M Ca2+ produced graded inhibition of capping in the same order that the drugs bind to calmodulin. Removal of extracellular Ca2+ dissociated (reversed) some of the caps into patches, thus reducing their number (12%). ATP was required for either capping or cap dissociation to occur. Addition of calmodulin (3.9 x 10(-8)-6.3 x 10(-7) M) to the cell suspension increased the Ca2+ sensitivity. These results provide direct evidence that capping of Con A receptors is a reversible process (i) regulated by intracellular Ca2+ concentrations, (ii) requiring ATP as an energy source, and (iii) susceptible to the influence of calmodulin. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the collection of surface receptor patches into cap structures is controlled by the interaction of actomyosin filaments, which in turn is regulated by a Ca2+-calmodulin-activated control system. PMID- 6604168 TI - A study on the mechanism of twitch potentiation by hypertonic solution in the frog atrial muscle. AB - Hypertonic solutions were found to exhibit both positive and negative inotropic effects on the contraction of the isolated atrial myocardium of bullfrog. The optimum tonicity for twitch potentiation was about 1.5 T. The mechanism for the positive inotropic action was investigated. The possibility of involvement of an increase in calcium influx during each action potential was excluded, since both the overshoot and the plateau of action potential were strongly depressed by perfusion of hypertonic solution. The effect on the time course of twitch potentiation was similar to that of muscle shrinkage, regardless of the type solute (sucrose, NaCl or LiCl) used for elevating the tonicity, except that excess sodium showed an initial rapid inhibitory phase of contraction. A marked post-rest potentiation was observed even after "zero" calcium perfusion, provided that the tonicity of the bathing medium was elevated previously. Potassium contracture occurred during the prolonged hypertonic perfusion in "zero" calcium condition. In addition, caffeine contracture was strongly augmented in hypertonic solution. The results suggest that an elevation in both the [Ca2+]i and amount of calcium bound intracellularly may play an important role in the positive inotropic action. PMID- 6604169 TI - Regional cell count and respiration in the brain of Rana catesbeiana. AB - Cell counts were made in three divisions of the bullfrog brain: (1) olfactory lobestelencephalon, (2) diencephalon-mesencephalon, and (3) the hindbrain; average cellular respiration in potassium-enriched Ringer solution and the rate of respiration in sodium-free medium were tested for their possible relationship to the numbers of glia and numbers of neurons in each region. After restoring some of the sodium ions to sodium-free minces, the percent increase in respiration was plotted for each brain segment and compared to the percent of glia per brain division to determine the glial respiratory contribution. Where glial numbers were greater, the potassium-stimulated respiration was greater; where neuronal numbers were greater, the sodium-free respiration was most prominent. The respiration increased most above the sodium-free rate, when sodium ions were added or when the full amount of sodium was present, in the hindbrain, where the glia appear to metabolize more vigorously and the neurons least actively. PMID- 6604170 TI - Clinical and roentgenographic evaluation of nonunion of the forearm in relation to treatment with D.C. electrical stimulation. AB - A total of 50 nonunions of the forearm bones in 42 patients were reviewed. The mean age was 35.6 years, with the majority secondary to motor vehicle accidents. Five of the nine identified infections were due to primary closure of the initial open fracture. The middle third of the forearm was the most common site of the nonunion. The majority (96%) had significant displacement on the original roentgenograms. Open fractures were more apt to develop nonunions. A gap produced a significant therapeutic challenge and we conclude such are best managed with a bone graft. If a compression plate is applied in the presence of comminution, a bone graft is indicated. The overall success rate with 3 months of D.C. electrical stimulation in the absence of a gap or infection was 80.0%. This compares favorably with time-honored bone graft surgery for nonunion. PMID- 6604171 TI - [A concurrence of adult T-cell lymphoma in father and daughter]. PMID- 6604172 TI - [Heterogeneity of cellular origins of malignant lymphomas--cell line studies]. PMID- 6604174 TI - [Studies of adult T-cell leukemia. Part II. Anti-ATLA antibody in the families of ATL patients]. PMID- 6604173 TI - [Clinical significances of circulating immune complexes in hematologic disorders- detection by C1q deviation test and anti-antibody inhibition test]. PMID- 6604175 TI - [Sero-epidemiologic study of ATLA (ATL-associated antigen) antibodies in patients with ATL and their relatives]. PMID- 6604176 TI - [Case of adult T cell leukemia developing 8 years after diagnosis of dermatomyositis]. PMID- 6604177 TI - [Mechanism of autoantibody production]. PMID- 6604178 TI - [Recognition and effector phases in graft rejection response]. PMID- 6604179 TI - [Myelosuppressive T cells and aplastic anemia]. PMID- 6604180 TI - [Quantitative analysis of sialic acids by the thiobarbituric acid method and electrophoresis]. PMID- 6604181 TI - [A case of massive lower G.I. bleeding from mesenteric varices controlled by selective superior mesenteric arterial vasopressin infusion]. PMID- 6604182 TI - [5 Cases of immunoblastic lymphadenopathy (IBL)- like T cell lymphoma-a report on the clinical, histopathological and immunological investigations]. PMID- 6604183 TI - [Gallium tomoscintigraphic imaging of esophageal cancer using emission computed tomography]. PMID- 6604184 TI - [Myocardial tomography using a 7-pin hole collimator (2). Detection of ischemia by exertion]. PMID- 6604185 TI - [Nursing of a patient with gastrointestinal hemorrhage following acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6604186 TI - Analysis of the contractile response to serotonin and tryptamine of isolated dog cerebral, femoral and mesenteric arteries. AB - In helically-cut strips of cerebral arteries isolated from dogs, serotonin, tryptamine, 5-hydroxytryptophan and tryptophan caused a dose-related contraction. The potency was in the order of serotonin greater than tryptamine much greater than 5-hydroxytryptophan = tryptophan. In femoral arterial strips, only serotonin and tryptamine produced contractions. In cerebral arteries, the dose-response curve for serotonin was shifted to the right and downward by treatment with cinanserin, whereas in femoral and mesenteric arteries, the curves were shifted to the right. The contractile response of cerebral arteries to tryptamine was attenuated by cinanserin in concentrations above 10(-7) M; however, 10(-5) M was required to significantly reduce the response of femoral arteries. Phentolamine reduced the contractile response of femoral arteries to tryptamine, but not the response of cerebral arteries. It may be concluded that the different antagonism of cinanserin against the serotonin action on cerebral and femoral arteries is due to the ability of high concentrations of serotonin to induce relaxations of cerebral but not femoral arteries or to the different nature of receptors. Tryptamine appears to elicit contractions of cerebral arteries via a stimulation of tryptamine receptors, but elicit those of femoral arteries via stimulation of both alpha-adrenergic and tryptamine receptors. Whether or not receptors for serotonin and tryptamine are the same was not determined. PMID- 6604187 TI - Experience with a left gastric venacaval shunt for esophageal varices. AB - A left gastric venacaval shunt for esophageal varices was performed in six patients in attempts to selectively decrease left gastric venous pressure without decreasing portal venous pressure. The left gastric venous pressure decreased from 140-390 mmH2O to 140-200 mmH2O after the left gastric venacaval shunt, while the portal venous pressure remained at 140-370 mmH2O, postoperatively. Even when the portal venous pressure increased up to 320-400 mmH2O with a temporary occlusion of the portal vein, there were no significant changes in the left gastric venous pressure. Five patients are doing well, one to 36 months postoperatively. One patient died of hepatic failure with bleeding on the 21st postoperative day. The left gastric venacaval shunt decreased the incidence of rebleeding and prevented postoperative hepatoencephalopathy and hepatic failure. PMID- 6604188 TI - Positive correlation between pancreatic DNA damage and species specificity in response to N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine. AB - N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP), a potent pancreatic carcinogen in hamsters that has failed to induce pancreatic tumors in rats, was studied for its effects on the DNA of both rat and hamster pancreas in order to relate DNA damage (as measured by alkaline elution) to carcinogenicity in vivo. At doses of 10, 20, and 40 mg BOP/kg, extensive DNA damage was detected in male Syrian golden hamster pancreas but Lewis rat pancreatic DNA was not affected. Only at doses of 100 mg BOP/kg or greater could pancreatic DNA damage in the rat be detected. DNA damage was also observed in both rat and hamster livers at 10, 20, and 40 mg BOP/kg. Alkaline elution analysis of DNA from isolated rat and hamster acinar cells treated in vitro with BOP revealed that only hamster acinar cell DNA was damaged. Rat acinar cell DNA was unaffected at all doses examined, up to 200 micrograms BOP/ml medium. Unscheduled DNA synthesis studies in cultured acinar cells confirmed the observations that BOP is genotoxic to hamster but not to rat acinar cells. The results strongly suggested that rat pancreas did not have the ability to metabolically activate BOP, which accounted for lack of both BOP-induced DNA damage and carcinogenicity in the rat. PMID- 6604189 TI - [A first experience with and possibilities of roentgenovascular dilatation of stenosis of the coronary arteries]. AB - First experience with roentgeno-endovascular dilatation of a coronary artery is described, and reported data are reviewed. Roentgeno-endovascular dilatation is indicated for patients with a single 10-12-mm-long coronary arterial stenosis of hemodynamic significance, localized proximally in the left coronary arterial network, or along the trunk of the right coronary artery, where left ventricular function remains intact and the history of the disease is rather short (not more than 1.5 years). Contraindications for roentgeno-endovascular dilatation currently include local coronary arterial stenosis localized at a major branching off junction; coronary arterial stenosis of more than 15 mm in length; multiple coronary arterial stenoses; stenosis affecting several major arteries; calcification of coronary arterial wall; left ventricular scarry changes in myocardial area of expected revascularization; absence of indications for aorto coronary shunting. PMID- 6604190 TI - [Indications for coronarography in selection of patients for surgery on the basis of data from veloergometry and spiroergometry]. AB - Using bicycle ergometry in combination with quantitative and qualitative assessment of ECG changes (in 605 coronary patients), and with direct measurement of oxygen consumption and systemic oxygen supply efficiency (118 coronary patients), a possibility of non-invasive assessment of the severity of coronary arterial affection prior to coronary angiography and the identification of patients with poor prognosis is demonstrated. This assessment lends a more objective foundation to the determination of indications for coronary angiography and prospective aortal-coronary shunting. PMID- 6604191 TI - Unconventional bacteria in urinary tract disease: Gardnerella vaginalis. AB - Bladder aspirate urine samples (N = 190) were cultured for the presence of fastidious microorganisms. These samples were obtained from patients with urinary tract disease in whom standard bacteriologic investigation had failed to indicate infection. Gardnerella vaginalis was recovered alone, or in association with Ureaplasma urealyticum from the bladder urine of 33% of patients with reflux scarring. G. vaginalis was localized to the upper urinary tract in 75% of these patients with bladder counts greater than 10(3) colony-forming units per milliliter. The results show that two fastidious microbial species, not conventionally associated with urinary tract infection, are recoverable from the upper urinary tracts of patients with so-called sterile pyelonephritis. PMID- 6604192 TI - [Effect of splenectomy on the immunological indices of children]. PMID- 6604194 TI - [Clinico-immunological indicators in patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower limbs after administration of thymalin]. PMID- 6604193 TI - [Use of thymalin in a patient with immunologic deficiency state after thymectomy]. PMID- 6604196 TI - Is a left ventricular vent necessary for coronary artery bypass operations performed with cardioplegic arrest? AB - The need for ventricular venting with hypothermic cardioplegic arrest is controversial. We report an evaluation of the need for left ventricular venting in a canine model that closely simulates conditions during routine coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Thirty-five dogs were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass for 60 minutes of hypothermic cardioplegic arrest (18 vented, 17 nonvented) and then reperfused for 30 minutes. Myocardial temperature and left atrial pressure (LAP) were recorded continuously. Before and 30 minutes after hypothermic cardioplegic arrest, left ventricular function curves were generated (six vented, six nonvented), and biopsy specimens of the left ventricle were taken for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) determinations (11 vented, 10 nonvented) and semiquantitative grading of mitochondrial ultrastructure (six vented, six nonvented). LAP in nonvented dogs was 7.4 mm Hg during hypothermic cardioplegic arrest and 5.0 mm Hg during reperfusion. Temperature during hypothermic cardioplegic arrest was 12.3 degrees C in vented dogs and 11.3 degrees C in nonvented dogs (p = 0.5). There were no differences in left ventricular function or preservation of mitochondrial ultrastructure between vented and nonvented dogs. ATP after hypothermic cardioplegic arrest was 96.6% of control (4.30 microM/gm) in vented dogs and 94.6% (4.37 microM/gm) in nonvented dogs (p = 0.7). The absence of left ventricular venting did not lead to ventricular distention or more rapid rewarming. These data in vented dogs and nonvented dogs strongly support the belief that left ventricular venting is not necessary during routine CABG. PMID- 6604195 TI - An androgen-dependent pilosebaceous tumor spontaneously developed in the Japanese house musk shrew Suncus murinus. AB - Following administration of [3H]testosterone to castrated male Japanese house musk shrews (Suncus murinus), radioactive metabolites were detected in sidegland nuclei and the major one of them was dihydrotestosterone (DHT). The androgen binding capacity of the cytoplasmic fraction of sideglands was measured in vitro by the use of [3H]R1881 as a ligand. The binding showed a high affinity for R1881 (Kd = 6.2 X 10(-10) M) and a low capacity (Bmax = 22 fmol/mg protein). Sucrose density gradient centrifugation brought about a peak of [3H]R1881 in the 7S region in low ionic strength buffer. Their characteristics as described above are consistent with those of other androgen target organs. A cutaneous pilosebaceous tumor, which spontaneously developed on the sidegland of old male S. murinus, was transplanted to nude athymic mice. It grew in males only and failed to grow in females and castrated males. A specific androgen binding was found in this tumor (Kd = 7.8 X 10(-10) M, Bmax = 100 fmol/mg protein). Therefore, this transplantable pilosebaceous tumor is androgen-dependent and can be utilized as a new suitable model in the study of the mechanism of androgen on tumor development. PMID- 6604197 TI - Growth of an aorta-coronary anastomosis. An experimental study in pigs. AB - The influence of growth of an aorta-coronary anastomosis, comparable to the coronary translocation anastomosis during the arterial switch operation, was studied in pigs. The anastomosis between the right coronary artery and the aorta did not grow, and this lack of growth may result in stenosis. With another technique, by which the coronary artery was excised with a cuff of aortic wall, the effects caused by absence of growth were circumvented and a normal-sized coronary ostium was present after growth. However, when no cuff was used, stenosis occurred at the suture line and caused growth retardation of the animal as well as histologic damage to the right ventricle. PMID- 6604198 TI - Aneurysm of the diverticulum of the ductus arteriosus in the adult. Successful surgical treatment in five patients and review of the literature. AB - Sixteen aneurysms of the diverticulum of the ductus arteriosus in adults have been previously reported. Ten patients died of rupture of the aneurysm or died at surgical exploration. Only one previous patient underwent successful aneurysmectomy. Five new cases of aneurysm of the adult ductal diverticulum, all diagnosed preoperatively and successfully repaired, are presented. All five patients are alive 6 to 33 months postoperatively. Our experience with these patients suggests several important features of these aneurysms: (1) Diagnosis may be difficult and may require multiple-view aortography or computed tomographic (CT) scanning to differentiate from tumor. (2) The operative approach, either left thoracotomy or median sternotomy, may be determined by the necessity for concomitant procedures. (3) Unlike true atherosclerotic aneurysms of the aortic arch, these aneurysms can be repaired effectively by aneurysmorrhaphy. (4) Because of their critical location and the high incidence of complications in reported cases, aneurysms greater than 3 cm in diameter, those producing symptoms, or those showing progressive enlargement should be surgically resected. PMID- 6604199 TI - Management of left ventricular rupture complicating myocardial infarction. AB - Rupture of the left ventricle secondary to myocardial infarction may occur more often than is suspected. More time than anticipated may be available between rupture and catastrophic deterioration. Hemodynamic stabilization, diagnostic studies, and surgical treatment can be successfully undertaken. Four patients have been successfully treated in our institution. Rupture occurred from 1 to 14 days after infarction. Persistent chest pain was present in all. All were hemodynamically unstable and all stabilized with counterpulsation. One patient was in cardiogenic shock, two had a cardiac arrest, and one presented with cardiac tamponade requiring two emergency pericardiocenteses. Coronary arteriography was done in all four patients. Surgical management consisted of infarctectomy and repair of the ventricular rupture. Additionally, a single aortacoronary bypass graft was needed in two patients and repair of a ventricular septal rupture was necessary in a third. There was no operative mortality. One patient drowned 1 year later. We conclude that successful surgical management requires (1) suspicion of ventricular rupture, (2) hemodynamic stabilization by counterpulsation, (3) coronary arteriography, and (4) combined infarctectomy and repair with revascularization. PMID- 6604200 TI - Selective right ventricular dysfunction after coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - Preoperative and postoperative right (RVEF) and left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF) were studied by means of radionuclide techniques in 15 patients undergoing coronary bypass operations. Three of them, all with right coronary artery lesions, had postoperative depression of RVEF without concomitant decrease in LVEF. In contrast to those with left ventricular dysfunction, the patients with selective RVEF depression did not have significant elevation of myocardial injury index calculated from creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) curves. PMID- 6604201 TI - Increased heparin requirements with autotransfusion. AB - This study shows that heparin requirements are increased by withdrawing heparinized autologous blood before bypass for later autotransfusion. PMID- 6604202 TI - Serological analysis of cell surface antigens of HL-60 cells before and after treatment with a phorbol ester tumor promoter. AB - The human HL-60 cell line derived from acute promyelocytic leukemia, consisting of promyelocytic type of cells, was able to differentiate into adherent cells with monocytemacrophage features by the treatment with 12-0-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA). Cell surface antigens of HL-60 cells before and after TPA treatment were studied with monoclonal antibodies and four hybridoma clones producing IgM antibodies were established. Two antibodies (HL-21 and HL-47) reacted only with the immunizing TPA-treated HL-60 cells, and HL-1 antibody produced against untreated cells was reactive with both TPA-treated and untreated cells, but HL-5 antibody reacted predominantly with the immunizing untreated cells. Serological reactivity against various types of normal hematopoietic cells and acute leukemias (diagnosed by the French-American-British classification) was studied by immune adherence assay and immuno-electron microscopy. HL-21 antibody was reactive with monocytes and most cases of M4 and M5 types of acute non lymphocytic leukemia cells. HL-47 antibody did not react with the cells of myelocyte-monocyte lineage or mature lymphocytes, but it did react with one-third of acute lymphocytic leukemia (L1 and L2) cases. Since all HL-47+ cases were included in the group of common ALL antigen positive cases, it was estimated that HL-47 is a differentiation antigen present on lymphocyte precursors, from which null-cell type acute lymphocytic leukemia cells generally originate. HL-1 antibody reacted with the cells of myelocyte-monocyte lineage as well as those of most acute non-lymphocytic leukemias. HL-5 antibody reacted with granulocytes and M2 type of acute myelocytic leukemia cases, and also with M5 type of acute monocytic leukemia cases. Serological studies of these antibodies revealed that TPA can induce to differentiate HL-60 cells not only into HL-21+ macrophage-like cells, but also into HL-47+ lymphoid stem cells. In addition, these antibodies were demonstrated to be very valuable for differential diagnosis of acute leukemias. PMID- 6604204 TI - Cellular immunosenescence in F344 rats: decline in responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin involves changes in both T cells and macrophages. AB - Spleen cells from F344 male rats showed decreased DNA synthetic responsiveness [( 3H]thymidine incorporation) with age to the T cell mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Decreased proliferative responses were associated with decreased production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and could be partially restored by providing exogenous IL-2. Responses of spleen cells from aged rats could also be enhanced by removal of Sephadex G-10 adherent cells. Furthermore, co-culture of adherent cell-containing spleen cells from aged rats with nonadherent spleen cells from young rats resulted in suppression of responses. Purified peritoneal exudate macrophages (PEM) from aged rats showed potent regulatory effects on PHA responses of young and old nonadherent spleen cells resulting in suppression above 2.5% macrophage/nonadherent spleen cell ratios. PEM from young rats enhanced the response of young T cells but failed to affect the response of aged T cells. T cell proliferation in the presence of prostaglandin (PGE1) showed age dependent differences in regulation such that at 10(-6) to 10(-7) M young responses were enhanced and old responses were suppressed. These results suggest that decreased responsiveness of T cells to PHA with age is a complex phenomenon involving changes in both production of regulatory mediators by T cells (IL-2) and macrophages (PGE) as well as changes in T cell responsiveness to these signals. PMID- 6604203 TI - Splenic imaging. AB - Before the advent of ultrasonography and computed tomography the spleen was an organ generally neglected by the radiologist. Today, there are five possible ways of splenic imaging: (1) plain radiography, (2) ultrasonography, (3) spleen scintigraphy, (4) computed tomography, and (5) splenic arteriography. The potentials and limitations of these different imaging modalities are discussed. Based upon a recent retrospective analysis of 194 cases with focal splenic lesions, an algorithmic pathway is suggested, where real-time ultrasonography is used as the first imaging method. In equivocal or negative results it is followed by CT which is the most accurate and best reproducible method. Nuclear medicine offers several important non-imaging function tests (e.g. red cell and platelet survival) but splenic scintigraphy is of minor importance except for the detection of aberrant spleens and splenic tissue. Selective splenic arteriography is rarely necessary for diagnostic purposes except the study of portal circulation but may become valuable again for transcatheter embolization ("medical splenectomy"). PMID- 6604205 TI - [Acute pancreatitis as the 1st manifestation of a villous duodenal tumor]. PMID- 6604206 TI - [Hypernephroma with tracheal stenosis treated with high dosages of methotrexate and citrovorum factor rescue]. PMID- 6604208 TI - [Modern methods (tomographic) of measuring the cerebral blood flow in man]. PMID- 6604209 TI - [Phosphorus-calcium evaluation in current rheumatologic practice]. PMID- 6604207 TI - [Torsade de pointes under bepridil (apropos of 5 cases)]. PMID- 6604210 TI - Vertical eye deviation and nystagmus inhibition during mental tasking. AB - Twenty subjects with no vestibular complaints and normal otoscopic exams were stimulated with 44 degrees C water for 5 minutes in one ear and their nystagmus was recorded by vertical and horizontal electro-oculography. Changes in vertical eye position and nystagmus inhibition were correlated during periods of mental tasking, relaxation, and voluntary eye elevation. The results showed an average of 42 degree eye depression with mental tasking during irrigation. In addition, mental arithmetic had a "releasing" effect on horizontal nystagmus. Elevation of the eyes on command, however, produced marked irregularity in the horizontal tracings, simulating inhibition. Almost every subject had an apparent vertical deflection on ENG with eye closure. These findings suggest a mechanical component to the phenomenon of inhibition as well as an active central mechanism. PMID- 6604212 TI - Metabolic heterogeneity of the proximal and distal kidney tubules. AB - Proximal and distal tubule suspensions were prepared from kidneys of Sprague Dawley rats by an isolation procedure on a Percoll gradient. The marker enzymes alkaline phosphatase (brush border) and hexokinase (cytoplasmic) as well as p aminohippurate transport capacity, gluconeogenic activity and electron microscopy were used to characterize the two kidney tubule suspensions. The results of this study indicate that cytochrome P-450 is localized to the proximal tubular cells and that the O-deethylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin was higher in the proximal than distal fraction. Both proximal and distal tubules showed glucuronidation and deacetylation capacities and a relatively equal distribution of non-protein sulfhydryls. These studies demonstrate metabolic heterogeneity of the nephron, the proximal tubule being the main site of renal xenobiotic metabolism. Understanding of metabolic heterogeneity of proximal and distal kidney tubules should provide important information regarding cell specific mechanisms of nephrotoxicity. PMID- 6604213 TI - [Endoscopic laser coagulation in arterial upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 6604211 TI - In vitro and in vivo evaluation of cis-methyl-phencyclidine (CIS-MPCP) as a potential antagonist of phencyclidine (PCP). AB - In four preparations/tests (isolated nerve, ventricular strip, rotarod, and mouse acute lethality), cis-N-phenyl-4-methyl-cyclohexyl piperidine (cis-MPCP) was consistently less active than PCP and trans-MPCP. As expected, cis-MPCP, at 10( 4)M, which did not depress the action potential evoked on frog sciatic nerves, reduced by half both the nerve block and prolongation of relative refractory period caused by PCP. However, cis-MPCP at 10(-6)M, which by itself had little effect, failed to reduce the positive inotropic effect of PCP on the field stimulated rat ventricular strip. Cis-MPCP also failed to decrease the ataxic effect of 6 mg/kg PCP (ED80) in the mouse rotarod test. Finally, at a dose that was neither ataxic nor lethal to mice (20 mg/kg), cis-MPCP failed to reduce the 24-hour LD50 of PCP. These data suggest that the actions of PCP are mediated through a multiple receptor system. PMID- 6604214 TI - [Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation in acute and chronic persistent pain]. PMID- 6604215 TI - [Long-term results following resection of heart wall aneurysm]. PMID- 6604216 TI - An electronically collimated gamma camera for single photon emission computed tomography. Part I: Theoretical considerations and design criteria. AB - The detection and imaging characteristics of a new type of gamma camera for single photon emission computed tomography have been investigated. Unlike conventional gamma cameras which use mechanical collimation, the new gamma camera utilizes electronic collimation which is obtained from a sequential interaction of gamma radiation with a dual position-and-energy sensitive detection system. Coincident counting between the two detectors provides localization of activity upon a multitude of conical surfaces throughout the object, wherefrom the three dimensional activity distribution can be reconstructed. Not only does electronic collimation provide simultaneous multiple views of the object, but a large gain in sensitivity is also indicated over a conventionally collimated gamma camera under conditions of similar spatial resolution. Detector optimization studies have been performed to design a prototype system comprising a 33 X 33 array of high-purity germanium detectors coupled to an uncollimated conventional scintillation camera. The cumulative signal-to-noise ratio in projection images obtained with this system is expected to be about a factor of 4 higher (sensitivity about a factor of 15 higher) than that obtained in a corresponding projection image with a conventional gamma camera for imaging a uniformly distributed Tc-99m source in a 20-cm-diam X 20-cm-tall cylinder. A similar gain is expected in the tomographic images. PMID- 6604217 TI - An electronically collimated gamma camera for single photon emission computed tomography. Part II: Image reconstruction and preliminary experimental measurements. AB - Iterative algorithms have been investigated for reconstructing images from data acquired with a new type of gamma camera based upon an electronic method of collimating gamma radiation. The camera is composed of two detection systems which record a sequential interaction of the emitted gamma radiation. Coincident counting in accordance with Compton scattering kinematics leads to a localization of activity upon a multitude of conical surfaces throughout the object. A two stage reconstruction procedure in which conical line projection images as seen by each position sensing element of the first detector are reconstructed in the first stage, and tomographic images are reconstructed in the second stage, has been developed. Computer simulation studies of both stages and first-stage reconstruction studies with preliminary experimental data are reported. Experimental data were obtained with one detection element of a prototype germanium detector. A microcomputer based circuit was developed to record coincident counts between the germanium detector and an uncollimated conventional scintillation camera. Point sources of Tc-99m and Cs-137 were used to perform preliminary measurements of sensitivity and point spread function characteristics of electronic collimation. PMID- 6604219 TI - Diagnostic procedures in gastrointestinal hemorrhage. PMID- 6604218 TI - Genetic studies on the role of the nucleoside transport function in nucleoside efflux, the inosine cycle, and purine biosynthesis. AB - A mutant clone (AU-100) which is 90% deficient in adenylosuccinate synthetase activity was characterized from wild-type murine S49 T-lymphoma cells. This AU 100 cell line and its hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient derivative, AUTG-50B, overproduce purines severalfold and excrete massive amounts of inosine into the culture medium (Ullman et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79:5127-5131, 1982). We introduced a mutation into both of these cell lines which make them incapable of taking up nucleosides from the culture medium. The genetic deficiency in nucleoside transport prevents the adenylosuccinate synthetase deficient AU-100 cells from excreting inosine. Because of an extremely efficient intracellular inosine salvage system, the nucleoside transport-deficient AU-100 cells also no longer overproduce purines. AUTG-50B cells which have been made genetically deficient in nucleoside transport still overproduce purines but excrete hypoxanthine rather than inosine. These studies demonstrate genetically that nucleoside transport and nucleoside efflux share a common component and that nucleoside transport has an important regulatory function which profoundly affects the rates of purine biosynthesis and purine salvage. PMID- 6604220 TI - Mutation of antitrypsin to antithrombin. alpha 1-antitrypsin Pittsburgh (358 Met leads to Arg), a fatal bleeding disorder. AB - Our previous studies predicted a functional relationship between the plasma proteins alpha 1-antitrypsin and antithrombin III. To elucidate this relationship we investigated the plasma of a 14-year-old boy who had died from an episodic bleeding disorder. A variant alpha 1-antitrypsin was identified in which the methionine at position 358 had been replaced by an arginine. This had converted the alpha 1-antitrypsin from its normal function as an inhibitor of elastase to that of an inhibitor of thrombin. This finding indicates that the reactive center of alpha 1-antitrypsin is methionine 358, which acts as a bait for elastase, just as the normal reactive center of antithrombin III is arginine 393, which acts as a bait for thrombin. The independence of the new thrombin inhibitor from heparin control explains the bleeding disorder; it also indicates that heparin normally acts directly on antithrombin III, revealing its inherent inhibitory activity. The episodic nature of the bleeding was a consequence of the mutant protein's being an acute-phase reactant, the level of which increased several-fold after trauma. PMID- 6604221 TI - Protease inhibitors--a precarious balance. PMID- 6604223 TI - Chronic myelocytic (multipotent-stem-cell) leukemia. PMID- 6604224 TI - The human T-cell leukemia virus and AIDS. PMID- 6604222 TI - "Acquired immunodeficiency" of blood stored overnight. PMID- 6604225 TI - HLA antigens and diffuse idiopathic hyperostosis. PMID- 6604226 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to the acetylcholine receptor by a normally functioning auto-anti-idiotypic mechanism. AB - Recently we described a procedure for preparing antibodies to the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) based on immunoglobulin idiotypes and on the hypothesis that, regardless of functional differences, macromolecules of the same specificity will show structural homologies in their binding sites. Antibodies were prepared in rabbits to a structurally constrained agonist of AChR, trans-3,3'-bis[alpha (trimethylammonio)methyl]azobenzene bromide (BisQ). These antibodies mimicked the binding specificity of AChR in its activated state--agonists were bound with affinities that were in accord with their biological activities and antagonists were bound poorly. Rabbits were then immunized with a specifically purified preparation of anti-BisQ to elicit a population of antibodies specific for the binding sites of anti-BisQ. A portion of the anti-idiotypic antibodies produced in the second set of rabbits cross-reacted with determinants on AChR preparations from Torpedo californica, Electrophorus electricus and rat muscle. Moreover, several of the rabbits showed signs of experimental myasthenia gravis, in which circulating AChR antibodies are typically found. To devise a more direct route to monoclonal anti-receptor antibodies we based our strategy on acceptance of the concept of the anti-idiotypic network theory of Jerne. According to this theory, injection of an antigen elicits, in addition to antibodies to the antigen, other populations that include anti-idiotypic antibodies directed at the combining sites of the antigen-specific antibodies. If the antigen-specific antibodies recognize a ligand of a receptor, then the anti-idiotypic antibodies should bind receptor. Thus, when a mouse is immunized with a bovine serum albumin conjugate of BisQ (BisQ-BSA), it should be possible to expand populations of spleen cells that secrete antibodies which bind anti-BisQ and AChR, in addition to populations specific for BisQ. Fusion of the spleen cells with an appropriate myeloma line should yield monoclonal anti-AChR antibodies. Here we report the success of this approach and its implications. PMID- 6604227 TI - Dopamine visualized in the basal ganglia of living man. AB - The neurotransmitter dopamine has biological attributes that make it amenable to study by positron emission tomography, unlike many of the 40 or so neurotransmitters that have been identified in the brain. Dopamine deficiency in the nigrostriatal system is a characteristic of Parkinson's disease, and a disturbance of dopamine metabolism is still widely held to be responsible for the syndrome of schizophrenia. Despite its importance in the regulation of locomotion and mood, it has been impossible to visualize the intracerebral distribution of dopamine and measure its regional metabolism in man. In the first demonstration of the regional distribution of a neurotransmitter in the brain of conscious normal man, we show here that L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) labelled in the 6-position with the positron-emitting radionuclide fluorine-18, localizes specifically in the dopaminergic pathways of the human brain where its turnover could be measured atraumatically by positron emission tomography. PMID- 6604228 TI - Sustained rise in ACh sensitivity of a sympathetic ganglion cell induced by postsynaptic electrical activities. AB - Long-term alteration in synaptic efficacy found in several neurones of both vertebrates and invertebrates has been suggested as an important mechanism for learning and memory. In bullfrog sympathetic ganglia, acetylcholine (ACh) release from presynaptic nerve terminals is potentiated for a long time by adrenaline through a cyclic AMP system. We report here a new form of mechanism for long-term synaptic potentiation in sympathetic ganglia, which occurs postsynaptically in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Our results suggest that Ca2+ entry into a ganglion cell during repeated action potentials initiates a long-lasting mechanism for the enhancement of a nicotinic ACh action on the subsynaptic membrane. This, as well as the presynaptic mechanism, may contribute to neuronal plasticity in the peripheral autonomic nervous system. PMID- 6604229 TI - Reversible induction of natural killer cell activity in cloned murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - Natural killer (NK) activity is a poorly understood component of the immune system, generally identified as the ability to kill certain tumour cells. Perhaps the most controversial issue has been the lineage to which cells displaying this activity belong. Extensive studies of surface antigens on cells with NK activity in both mouse and man have led to enigmatic results, such cells apparently bearing markers of both T-cell (Thy-1 and E receptor) and myeloid (Mac-1 and OKM1) lineages. A fresh approach to this problem would be to take cells of known lineage and test whether they express, or could be induced to express, NK cell function. Using this approach we show here that monoclonal cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) lines can be induced, by culture in high concentrations of spleen cell supernatant, to express a new lytic activity apparently identical with that of splenic cells NK activity. Preliminary evidence implicates both interleukin-2 (IL 2) and interferon (IFN) as mediators of this phenomenon. These findings clearly demonstrate that cells of T cell lineage have the capacity to express NK activity. PMID- 6604230 TI - Cross-sectional medicine -- a trap for the unwary. PMID- 6604231 TI - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. PMID- 6604232 TI - Radiology and imaging at Duke University Medical Center. PMID- 6604233 TI - [The Russian roulette of pyrazolones]. PMID- 6604235 TI - [Nuclear magnetic resonance tomography in medicine: an intermediate balance]. PMID- 6604234 TI - [Nuclear magnetic resonance tomography in medicine]. PMID- 6604236 TI - [Oral hygiene control by assessment of the papillary bleeding by the patient]. PMID- 6604237 TI - Concomitant presence of pregnancy-specific beta-I-glycoprotein (SP1) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in a squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. PMID- 6604238 TI - [Parameters of high-frequency thermocoagulation of the Gasserian ganglion in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia in order to obtain analgesia without anesthesia]. AB - Voltage and current within Gasserian ganglion have been measured during a therapeutical high frequency coagulation of the Gasserian ganglion in 25 consecutive cases. From these values, the impedance (Ohm), the work (Watt) and the total energy (Joule) necessary to obtain an analgesia without anesthesia have been calculated. The study has shown that the temperature and the time of coagulation in correlation with the length of the non isolated tip of the electrode are actually the only constancy in the control of the therapeutical lesions. PMID- 6604239 TI - Comparative immunocytochemical localization of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF-41) and neurohypophysial peptides in the brain of Brattleboro and Long-Evans rats. AB - The localization of CRF-41 related peptide was studied in the brain and posterior pituitary of the homozygous rats for the inherited diabetes insipidus (Brattleboro strain, DI) and of the Long-Evans rats (LE) as control. It was compared to the distribution of vasopressin (AVP), oxytocin (OXY) and OXY neurophysin (N I). In both strains, CRF-41 was identified in two morphologically distinct systems: one was a hypothalamoneurohypophysial system simultaneously containing CRF-41, OXY and N I; the other was a hypothalamoinfundibular system carrying CRF-41 only. CRF containing neurons were located in the periventricular area of the anterior hypothalamus, in the retrochiasmatic part of the supraoptic nuclei (SON) and, for some of them, in the antechiasmatic part of SON. CRF immunostainings were enhanced by colchicine treatment in LE rats and by DDAVP therapy in DI rats. PMID- 6604240 TI - In vivo modulation of brain dopamine recognition sites: a possible model for emission computed tomography studies. AB - The content of authentic 3H-spiroperidol and of its metabolites was measured in brain regions of rat, guinea pig and mouse receiving tracer doses of 3H spiroperidol intravenously (0.2 to 0.5 micrograms/kg). The time course of the 3H spiroperidol content of various brain regions shows that a steady state was maintained between 2 and 6 hrs; the lowest 3H-spiroperidol content was attained in cerebellum where the value approached that of blood plasma. Since the cerebellum contains an insignificant number of dopamine receptors but many serotonin receptors and other sites that bind 3H-spiroperidol, the 3H spiroperidol contained in cerebellum was considered background binding. In the striatum and olfactory tubercle of rats receiving two daily doses for 3 weeks of haloperidol or amphetamine the amount of 3H-spiroperidol that binds in vivo is decreased or increased, respectively. If the kinetic characteristics of in vivo binding of 3H-spiroperidol observed in the rat, guinea pig and mouse can be replicated in man using spiroperidol containing a gamma- or a position-emitting label, one might have a probe to study dopamine receptors in vivo with emission computed tomography scanning. PMID- 6604241 TI - Analysis of B-cell activation of cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis. AB - We have developed a microculture system to study pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced B cell differentiation responses of CSF lymphocytes from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurologic diseases (OND). B-cell differentiation was assessed by (1) enumeration of immunoglobulin-secreting cells (IgSC) by a protein A reverse hemolytic plaque assay; and (2) quantitation of supernatant IgG by ELISA. Cultures of MS CSF cells and OND CSF cells responded to PWM with a similar frequency, with responses in CSF cell cultures exceeding responses in corresponding blood cell cultures in several instances in both groups of patients. Numbers of IgSC in unstimulated cultures of MS CSF cells exceeded numbers in cultures of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM). Results suggest that CSF cells may be a particularly reactive population compared with PBM. PMID- 6604242 TI - Emboli and open heart surgery. PMID- 6604243 TI - [Wirsung's duct hemorrhage. Considerations on 3 cases]. PMID- 6604245 TI - Cosmetics - the new therapeutic tools. PMID- 6604244 TI - Rupture of a submucosal gastric aneurysm, a rare cause of gastric hemorrhage. PMID- 6604246 TI - Pain. PMID- 6604247 TI - Effects of vitamin A deficiency on the ocular surface. AB - Vitamin A deficiency remains an important cause of ocular morbidity among patients with chronic liver disease and lipid malabsorption, and is a major cause of blindness in developing countries. Early ocular surface changes include keratinization of the conjunctiva and development of superficial punctate keratopathy. More severe deficiency results in corneal keratinization, ulceration, and necrosis. Vitamin A is necessary for normal differentiation of nonsquamous epithelium; keratinization is a direct consequence of its deficiency. Exposure exacerbates the process and surface phenomena, especially localized drying from loss of mucus-secreting goblet cells, reduced aqueous tear production, and irregularities of the keratinized surface may all contribute to stromal melting, which can occur in the absence of inflammatory infiltration or bacterial invasion. Surface abnormalities respond rapidly to systemic vitamin A. Significantly, corneal changes disappear long before the reappearance of goblet cells. Inflammation sometimes masks or reverses the xerotic process. PMID- 6604248 TI - Results in the treatment of postoperative endophthalmitis. AB - A retrospective study of 40 cases of postoperative endophthalmitis was conducted between July 1979 and May 1981. Treatment consisted of topical, periocular, and systemic antibiotics, as well as the use of intraocular antibiotic injection in all cases. In addition, 22 cases had a diagnostic and therapeutic vitrectomy. The cases selected for vitrectomy included cases with worse presenting visual acuity, higher percentage of positive culture results, and more virulent organisms. Because of a poor clinical response to initial therapy, 13 cases had repeat intraocular cultures performed between 24 and 72 hours at the time of repeat intraocular antibiotic injection. All 13 repeat intraocular cultures were negative. Complications of the treatment included four retinal detachments (three in the vitrectomy group). In the culture-positive cases, a final visual acuity of 20/400 or better was achieved in 13 of 29 cases (45%), and complete loss of vision (NLP) resulted in 10 of the 29 cases (34%). PMID- 6604249 TI - [Justification for electrostimulation of bone repair]. PMID- 6604250 TI - [Antibody-mediated cytotoxic activity off circulating lymphocytes directed against human red blood cells in type I and type II diabetes]. PMID- 6604251 TI - [Longitudinal study of cerebrovascular accidents using CT, brain scintigraphy and EEG studies]. PMID- 6604252 TI - [Complications of the surgical removal of the lower wisdom teeth]. PMID- 6604253 TI - Gastric arterial malformation? PMID- 6604254 TI - [Liver cirrhosis and alpha 1-antitrypsin precursors in hepatocytes based on autopsy data from the Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Academy, in Lodz]. PMID- 6604255 TI - Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus in the oropharynx: prevalence in three groups of young, middle-class children. AB - Infections caused by ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae type b are prevalent in Fairfax County, VA. In order to gain information on pharyngeal carriage of ampicillin-resistant H influenzae, oropharyngeal cultures were obtained from 249 young children. The study population comprised three groups: 90 healthy children (group A), 79 children who had finished a ten-day course of amoxicillin treatment for acute otitis media (group B), and 80 children who were brought to our office for treatment of purulent nasopharyngitis (group C). Approximately 60% of the children in each group carried Haemophilus in the oropharynx. H parainfluenzae was the predominant oropharyngeal species in group 1. H influenzae was predominant in the other two groups. Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus sp organisms were recovered from 16% of children in group A, 25% of those in group B, and 17% of patients in group C. Recent exposure to ampicillin was associated with an increase in the recovery of ampicillin-resistant strains of Haemophilus. PMID- 6604256 TI - Haemophilus influenzae type b brain abscess complicating meningitis: case report. AB - A 7-month-old child developed beta-lactamase negative Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis which was treated with parenteral ampicillin and chloramphenicol for two days and ampicillin for eight additional days. She was readmitted two days after discharge on the 14th day after the initial hospitalization because of a suspected relapse of meningitis. Cultures of CSF and blood yielded no growth, and therapy with ampicillin and chloramphenicol was discontinued after three days. After discharge, her fontanel became full and a large, right, frontoparietal brain abscess was found on her third admission on day 25. Pus from the abscess yielded beta-lactamase negative H influenzae type b but CSF and blood yielded no growth. The abscess resolved after needle aspiration of pus and 4 weeks of therapy with ampicillin and chloramphenicol. It is speculated that this rare complication of H influenzae meningitis arose from a focal infection in an area of brain necrosis that resulted from the initial meningitis. PMID- 6604258 TI - [Immunological pattern of homozygous beta-thalassemia after splenectomy]. PMID- 6604257 TI - Hepatotoxicity from isoniazid and rifampin among children treated for tuberculosis. AB - To estimate rates of hepatotoxicity in the United States among children treated for tuberculosis, we conducted a retrospective survey of health departments and individual practitioners. We received 874 reports suitable for analysis of children treated during 1977 to 1979. A total of 16 hepatotoxic reactions were reported; 14/430 (3.3%) children receiving isoniazid and rifampin had a hepatotoxic reaction, which approximates the rate seen in adults taking these drugs. Half of the reactions occurred during the first month of therapy, and all of the well-documented reactions were noted during the first 10 weeks. Because the likelihood of hepatotoxicity may be increased with higher drug doses, limiting the dose of isoniazid to 10 mg/kg and that of rifampin to 15 mg/kg may help minimize hepatotoxic reactions. Because more serious disease, especially disseminated tuberculosis, may further increase the risk of hepatotoxicity, close monitoring of such children receiving isoniazid and rifampin should help minimize serious hepatotoxicity. Routine biochemical monitoring may not be necessary for all children, eg, those with mild forms of disease and those with normal pretreatment liver function who are treated with lower drug doses. PMID- 6604259 TI - [Therapeutic applications of thymostimulin (TP-1) in two cases of Wiskott Aldrich's syndrome]. PMID- 6604260 TI - [Some immunohematological aspects of 2 cases of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome]. PMID- 6604261 TI - Distribution of acetylcholine-sensitivity in frog slow muscle fibres. AB - The distribution of acetylcholine-sensitive membrane areas in slow muscle fibres of pyriformis muscles of Rana temporaria was examined by iontophoretic application of acetylcholine from high resistance pipettes. ACh-sensitivity varied considerably along individual slow fibres and from fibre to fibre. In some fibres the sensitivity was restricted to segments of less than 100 microns, in others it was continuous over several millimeter. Segments of variable length, but up to several millimeter, were completely insensitive to acetylcholine. Highly sensitive spots (greater than 1,000 mV/nC) were found occasionally, their diameter being of the order of 10-20 microns only. The occurrence at rather regular intervals of ACh-sensitive areas was a rare observation; no evidence was found for a generalized ACh-sensitivity. There were marked differences in the lengths of ACh-sensitive segments between surface fibres and fibres located in deeper layers of the muscles. It is concluded that the ACh-sensitive membrane areas correspond to individual nerve muscle contacts of the small motor system whose spatial distribution is extremely variable. In superficial slow fibres the synaptic contacts seem to be located predominantly on the internal circumference of the fibres. PMID- 6604262 TI - Omission of luminal potassium reduces cellular chloride in early distal tubule of amphibian kidney. PMID- 6604263 TI - Postjunctional characteristics of the endplates in mammalian fast and slow muscles. AB - We have studied the postjunctional characteristics of motor endplates in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles of the rat. At voltage clamped endplates, equilibrium interactions between acetylcholine (ACh) and the ACh receptor were determined from the dose-response curves obtained by quantitative ionophoresis of ACh. These results showed that the maximum ACh induced conductance change per unit endplate surface, gmax, was 21.8 +/- 0.9 nS/microns2 in EDL and 8.2 +/- 0.9 nS/microns2 in soleus, the apparent dissociation constant, K, was 65.9 +/- 4.3 microM in EDL and 43.5 +/- 3.3 microM in soleus, and the Hill coefficient, nH, was 2.3 +/- 0.1 in EDL and 2.2 +/- 0.1 in soleus. Single channel characteristics were derived from analysis of the ACh-induced endplate current noise. The results showed that at room temperature the mean conductance of the single channel, gamma, was 24.6 +/- 1.2 pS in EDL and 23.9 +/- 1.2 pS in soleus, and the mean life time of the channel, tau, was 0.80 +/- 0.05 ms in EDL and 0.71 +/- 0.03 ms in soleus. Of all the properties studied, the maximum conductance per unit endplate surface, gmax, was significantly smaller at the soleus endplate than at the EDL endplate. The calculated density of functional ACh receptors was 62% less, and the total number of the functional ACh receptors was 60% less at the soleus endplates than at the EDL endplates. These results suggest that the soleus has a lower margin of safety for neuromuscular transmission than the EDL. PMID- 6604264 TI - The effect of selective inhibitors of noradrenaline and serotonin uptake on reserpine- and apomorphine induced hypothermia in mice. AB - The antidepressant action of combined treatment with selective inhibitors of noradrenaline (NA) and serotonin (5HT) uptake was investigated using the reserpine and apomorphine hypothermia tests. Desipramine and maprotiline, NA uptake inhibitors, but not fluoxetine and citalopram, selective 5HT uptake inhibitors, antagonized the hypothermias. A combination of NA and 5HT uptake inhibitors antagonized reserpine hypothermia less effectively than the inhibitor of NA uptake alone. The apomorphine hypothermia was antagonized similarly by a NA uptake inhibitor given alone and in combination with a 5HT uptake inhibitor. The results indicate that for antidepressant (antireserpine and antiapomorphine) effect the essential role is played by a noradrenergic mechanism, while the serotonergic mechanism may even produce opposite effect. PMID- 6604265 TI - Strongyloidiasis. When to suspect the wily nematode. AB - Strongyloidiasis is a tenacious soil-transmitted nematode infestation endemic in the south-eastern United States. Thirty-three cases were diagnosed in a series of 1,290 stool examinations in 971 patients at Veterans Administration Medical Center, Mountain Home, Tennessee. Most patients had a concurrent major illness, such as chronic lung disease, serious bacterial infection, or cancer. A minority presented with gastrointestinal symptoms alone. Skin rash was uncommon. Eosinophilia, IgE elevation, and skin anergy were common. Atypical presentations included severe proctitis, colitis, and exacerbation of inflammatory bowel disease. In a patient with the hyperinfection syndrome, the diagnosis was made only at autopsy. Since strongyloidiasis seems to present like an opportunistic illness, all physicians, not just those in endemic areas, should consider its presence in the appropriate setting. PMID- 6604266 TI - Acute cystitis in young women. Treatment with citrated nalidixic acid compared with co-trimoxazole. PMID- 6604267 TI - Current practice in rheumatology. PMID- 6604268 TI - Advances in the treatment of rheumatic diseases. PMID- 6604269 TI - Rheumatic disorders. Training for improved care. PMID- 6604270 TI - Non-prescribed treatments in rheumatic diseases. PMID- 6604271 TI - [Effect of thyrostatic therapy on various immunologic indices in patients with diffuse toxic goiter]. AB - The influence of thyrostatic therapy upon immunoglobulin A, M and G serum concentrations and lymphocytic blast-cell transformation in thyroglobulin and PHA presence in patients with diffuse toxic goiter was studied. The results of the immunological test used do not define quite accurately changes in clinical manifestations of the disease. In the majority of patients disorders of the humoral and/or cell immunity persist during the thyrotoxicosis compensatory stage. A tendency towards normalization or normalization of the parameters studied of T- and B-immune systems is seen under the action of thyrostatic therapy. PMID- 6604272 TI - Phosphorylation of human growth hormone by the epidermal growth factor-stimulated tyrosine kinase. AB - In the present study, we have demonstrated that human growth hormone (hGH) can be phosphorylated by the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated tyrosine kinase of A431 cell membranes. Phosphotyrosine was the predominant phosphoamino acid released from phosphorylated hGH on partial acid hydrolysis. All five tyrosine containing tryptic peptides of hGH are also phosphorylated by the EGF-stimulated tyrosine kinase. The highest phosphate incorporation was found for peptide T4 (residues 20-38), which is distinguished by a high frequency of acidic amino acids. The phosphorylated peptides have been characterized by HPLC and two dimensional mapping on paper. Comparison with the labeled peptides obtained on tryptic digestion of phosphorylated hGH suggests that tyrosine phosphorylation is restricted to two tryptic peptides, T4 (tyrosine-28 or -35) and T6 (tyrosine-42). It is suggested that the absence of early insulin-like activity in the naturally occurring Mr 20,000 variant of hGH, which has an internal deletion spanning residues 32-46, may be a consequence of the loss of the tyrosine phosphorylation sites at residues 35 and 42. PMID- 6604273 TI - Transformation of human umbilical cord blood T cells by human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus. AB - Several isolates of human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV) were transmitted to normal human T cells obtained from the umbilical cord blood of newborns. T cells from seven specimens were immortalized by infection with different HTLV isolates and their properties were compared with those of activated uninfected normal T cells grown in the presence of T-cell growth factor (TCGF) and with those of HTLV-positive neoplastic T-cell lines derived from patients with T-cell malignancies. The HTLV-infected cells generally belonged to a class of mature T cells (OKT4+ and Leu 3A+) and differed from the normal uninfected cells in that they could be propagated in culture indefinitely; possessed altered morphology, including convoluted nuclei and some bi- and multinucleated giant cells; formed large clumps in culture; demonstrated a diminished requirement for TCGF; had an increased density of TCGF receptors; often became completely independent of exogenous TCGF; and expressed HLA-DR determinants. These properties of the HTLV infected cord blood T cells contrasted to those of uncultured cord blood T cells and of cord blood cells stimulated with mitogen and grown with TCGF but resembled the characteristics of T-cell lines established previously from patients with HTLV-associated T-cell malignancies. This in vitro system offers a unique opportunity to study the basic mechanism involved in abnormal growth and neoplastic transformation of a specific class of human T cells. PMID- 6604274 TI - Flat revertants isolated from Kirsten sarcoma virus-transformed cells are resistant to the action of specific oncogenes. AB - Two flat revertants have been isolated from mutagen-treated populations of Kirsten murine sarcoma virus (Ki-MuSV)-transformed NIH/3T3 cells. These revertants, which appear to be cellular variants resistant to transformation by the Ki-MuSV oncogene v-Ki-ras, contain Ki-MuSV-specific DNA, elevated levels of the v-Ki-ras gene product p21, and rescuable transforming virus. Cell hybridization studies indicated that the revertant phenotype is dominant in hybrids between revertant cells and cells transformed by Ki-MuSV or the closely related Harvey MuSV and BALB MuSV. Analysis of hybrid cells resulting from the fusion of these revertants to cell lines transformed by other retroviruses showed that the action of certain oncogenes structurally unrelated to v-Ki-ras also could be suppressed. Thus, there appear to be functional relationships and diversities among transforming genes (oncogenes) not readily apparent from their structural characteristics. PMID- 6604275 TI - Rapid selective effects by a growth inhibitor and epidermal growth factor on the incorporation of [35S]methionine into proteins secreted by African green monkey (BSC-1) cells. AB - Confluent African green monkey kidney (BSC-1) cells secrete a protein (Mr approximately equal to 24,000) that inhibits DNA synthesis and growth of the same cells. Using [35S]methionine to metabolically label proteins, we have found that this growth inhibitor selectively induces the BSC-1 cells to synthesize and secrete another protein with a relative Mr of 48,000 on NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gels. We have called this protein "inhibitor-inducible protein" (IIP48). The maximal increase in rate of labeling of IIP48 due to treatment with the growth inhibitor averages 12-fold over the control. IIP48 is an N-glycosidically linked glycoprotein, and it is not a major intracellular protein. This protein is maximally induced within 4 to 6 hr of adding the growth inhibitor to the cells. This is an early response of these cells to the growth inhibitor and may represent a primary response to the growth inhibitor. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) increases the rate of labeling of three other secreted proteins (MrS 28,000, 59,000, and 61,000), which we have called "mitogen-inducible proteins" (MIP28, MIP59, and MIP61). The specific effects of both EGF and the growth inhibitor on the secreted levels of these proteins are inhibited if actinomycin D is added with the growth effectors. Thus, RNA synthesis appears necessary for the inductions. EGF and the growth inhibitor induce these secreted proteins by independent and noninteracting pathways. PMID- 6604276 TI - Changes in surface antigens of immature thymocytes under the influence of T-cell growth factor and thymic factors. AB - Peanut agglutinin-positive thymocytes, peanut agglutinin-negative thymocytes, cortisone-resistant thymocytes, and unfractionated thymocytes were prepared from congeneic C57BL/6 Tla mice. By using surface iodination and immunoprecipitation of solubilized antigen with specific antisera (e.g., anti-H-2D, anti-TL, anti Qa2/3, and anti-gp70), the released specific antigens were electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gels, and their radioactivity was measured. The relative percentages of surface antigens H-2D, TL, Qa2/3, and gp70 were 3.2%, 47.5%, 2.5%, and 46.8%, respectively, for peanut agglutinin-positive thymocytes; 31.8%, 4.4%, 32.7%, and 31.1%, respectively, for cortisone-resistant thymocytes; 13.2%, 28.7%, 12.3%, and 45.8%, respectively, for peanut agglutinin-negative thymocytes; and 7.7%, 27.1%, 4.3%, and 60.9%, respectively, for unfractionated thymocytes. After incubation with thymosin fraction V or T-cell growth factor (interleukin II) for 20 hr, the changes in surface antigens of peanut agglutinin-positive thymocytes closely correlated with their normal maturation (i.e., H-2D increases and TL decreases). Thymic factors (e.g., thymosin alpha 1, thymopoietin pentapeptide, facteur thymic serique) had only small or no effects on surface antigens of peanut agglutinin-positive thymocytes. The results suggest that peptides yet to be identified in thymosin fraction V may play an important role in intrathymic evolution and that T-cell growth factor is possibly a peripheral signal derived from activated T cells that modulates T-cell receptors and may be a critical regulator of intrathymic cellular development. PMID- 6604277 TI - Purification and partial sequence analysis of human T-cell growth factor. AB - A murine monoclonal antibody directed against human T-cell growth factor (TCGF) from the JURKAT cell line was used for affinity column purification of the factor. Bound TCGF was eluted nearly quantitatively at low pH, and the recovered factor appeared homogeneous by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The molecule is markedly hydrophobic, with a high content of leucine. A single NH2-terminal sequence of 36 residues was obtained by automated Edman degradation, further supporting the homogeneity of the material. Thus, significant quantities of purified TCGF have been prepared in a single step, making possible detailed analysis of its molecular structure and biological role. PMID- 6604278 TI - Induction of T-cell maturation by a cloned line of thymic epithelium (TEPI). AB - A cloned cell line of thymic origin has been characterized as epithelial in nature. A description of the procedures for derivation and cloning of the cell line includes use of epidermal growth factor. The thymic epithelial (TEPI) cell line is Ia antigen positive, forms desmosomes, and produces an extracellular fibronectin matrix. The supernatant from confluent monolayers of TEPI was tested for its ability to promote thymocyte functional activity. TEPI supernatant (TEPI SN) was demonstrated to greatly enhance the response of peanut agglutinin positive thymocytes to alloantigen, as measured by cell-mediated lympholysis. Furthermore, preincubation of peanut agglutinin-positive thymocytes with TEPI SN prior to allostimulation resulted in marked enhancement, thus distinguishing it from interleukin 2. Finally, TEPI SN was demonstrated to induce interleukin 2 production by peanut agglutinin-positive thymocytes in the presence of concanavalin A. This activity was demonstrated not to be due to interleukin 1, which is absent in TEPI SN. Preliminary biochemical analysis indicates that the biological activity is associated with a Mr 50,000 entity. The data suggest that TEPI produces a soluble factor capable of inducing function of an immature thymocyte subpopulation into an IL 2 producer. PMID- 6604280 TI - Amphotericin B induced alteration in membrane permeability: pH effects. PMID- 6604279 TI - Induction of immune responses in vivo with small numbers of veiled (dendritic) cells. AB - The role of dendritic or veiled cells (VC) from lymph nodes or spleens of rats and mice in initiating immune responses in vivo has been investigated. Host versus-graft responses were induced by injection of VC from spleens of (C57BL/10 X CBA) F1 mice into the footpads of parental strain (CBA) animals and measured by the increase in the weight of the draining popliteal lymph nodes. The potency of VC to induce the responses was 100-fold greater than that of unseparated spleen cells. The in vivo effect of VC was not limited to this direct allogeneic stimulation because autologous VC could also be used in the induction of an experimental autoimmune disease. In these studies, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis was produced in Lewis rats by injection of guinea pig brain and spinal cord material emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant. Small numbers of VC from spleens or lymph nodes of rats showing clinical signs of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis induced a mild form of the disease when injected intravenously into normal Lewis rats. Thus, VC carrying antigen, either as an integral part of their surface membrane or acquired during exposure to antigenic substances, appeared to be very potent agents for the induction of immune responses. PMID- 6604282 TI - A role for the cytoskeleton in vectorial epithelial transport in stomach and small intestine? PMID- 6604281 TI - Intracellular chloride regulation in gallbladder. PMID- 6604283 TI - Orphan drugs and orphan diseases: the consumer's viewpoint. PMID- 6604284 TI - Simultaneous in vitro and in vivo evaluation of both trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole from certain dosage forms. AB - The dissolution rates of trimethoprim (T), and sulphamethoxazole (S), from different brands of tablets and suspensions were studied at pH = 1.1 and 7.2. The bioavailabilities of both drugs in humans were studied by the urine excretion method. The dissolution rates were dependent on the pH of the dissolution medium, the solubilities of the drugs at the pH involved, the dosage form and the brand studied. While the dissolution rates of T from all brands studied were consistent with their pH-dependent solubility, those of S were not. The dissolution rates of S from suspensions were found to be equal at pH = 7.2, but different at pH = 1.1. A correlation existed between the dissolution rate of T at pH = 1.1 from tablets and the excretion rate in humans. With S, however, no such correlation was observed at either pH. PMID- 6604285 TI - Effect of electrical stimulation to the vastus medialis muscle in a patient with chronically dislocating patellae. A case report. AB - Electrical stimulation to the vastus medialis muscle of a patient with chronically subluxing patellae prevented dislocation of the left patella during its application. No effect could be demonstrated while the stimulator was off. Other clinicians may, nonetheless, wish to adopt the method described in this article for assessing the efficacy of electrical stimulation on patellar dislocation, both while stimulation is applied and while it is not applied. PMID- 6604286 TI - Electrical stimulation and graded pelvic exercises for genuine stress incontinence. PMID- 6604287 TI - Stress incontinence and the physiotherapist. PMID- 6604288 TI - Antiinflammatory and antipyretic activities of Morus indica. PMID- 6604289 TI - Puerperium. PMID- 6604290 TI - The life expectancy of nonsmoking men and women. AB - The pronounced difference in life expectancy between men and women in the United States and other industrialized countries has been attributed to a variety of causes, among them, differential rates of cigarette smoking. A study was undertaken to eliminate the confounding factors of imprecision in the taking of smoking histories and exaggeration of early traumatic deaths in life expectancy calculations. Survey data were collected on the lifetime smoking habits of adults in Erie County, Pa., as of 1972-74. In the survey interviews, careful distinctions were made between respondents who had formerly smoked and respondents who had never smoked. The survey data were combined with data collected from surviving relatives about the smoking habits of people who had died in Erie County during the years 1972-74. After deaths attributable to traumatic causes (accidents, suicides, and homicides) were removed, life tables were calculated for male and female nonsmokers over age 30. The resulting life expectancy figures for nonsmoking men and women of parallel age were virtually identical. Thus, differential rates of cigarette smoking are apparently the overwhelming cause for the male-female longevity difference. Actuarial tables should be divided by smoking behavior to reflect this finding. The results of the study suggest that the present longevity difference between men and women will disappear. PMID- 6604291 TI - A possible role for intracellular sodium ions in the control of contraction in frog atrial trabeculae by way of the sodium-calcium exchange. AB - The effect of various inotropic agents on the strength of the Na-withdrawal contracture of isolated frog atrial trabeculae has been determined. Increasing the heart rate (0.1 min-1 to 40 min-1), exposure to low external K concentration [( K]o) (1-0.3 mmol . l-1), to strophanthidin (10 nmol . 1-1 to 10 mumol . l-1) and to the ionophore monensin (10 nmol . l-1 to 100 mumol . l-1) all cause a progressive increase in the strength of the Na-withdrawal contracture, so that the curve relating external Na concentration [( Na]o) to contracture tension is shifted towards higher values of [Na]o. By contrast adrenaline (1 nmol . l-1 to 1 mumol . l-1) causes a decrease in the strength of Na-withdrawal contractures. As increased heart rate, the application of K-depleted fluids, strophanthidin or monensin are likely to increase internal Na concentration [( Na]i), the change in relationship between [Na]o and contracture tension can be fitted using equations for a 3 Na+ for 1 Ca2+ exchange and for pCa vs. relative tension, by varying the apparent [Na]i. The increased Na influx necessary to change [Na]i by the amount suggested by these calculations agrees well with direct measurements made by other workers. A similar relationship is observed between the strength of the heart beat and the calculated [Na]i for the effects of increased heart rate, the application of strophanthidin, low [K]o or monensin. The effects of adrenaline, however, cannot be interpreted in the same way, suggesting that at least one other process mediates the strength of the heart beat. Various possibilities are discussed. PMID- 6604292 TI - Gastrointestinal manifestations of systemic vasculitis. AB - Systemic vasculitis is known to affect the gastrointestinal tract but the nature of the complication is poorly characterized. Out of 65 patients with systemic vasculitis, the majority of whom had renal disease, the intestine was found to be affected in 18. These comprised four of eight patients with polyarteritis nodosa, nine of seventeen with microscopic polyarteritis, four of thirty-six with Wegener's granulomatosis and one of four with Churg-Strauss syndrome. The features included abdominal pain (85 per cent), diarrhoea (50 per cent), gut haemorrhage (44 per cent) and abnormal liver function tests (50 per cent). Manifestations of gastrointestinal disease were evident at presentation in half the patients and led to a fetal outcome in five. Ileus, mucosal abnormalities, perforation and slow transit were evident radiographically, and selective visceral angiography showed aneurysms or organ infarcts in five patients. Histological assessment of gut biopsies (chiefly rectal) revealed non-specific inflammation or ulceration in nine patients and intramucosal haemorrhage in two. Focal areas of necrosis and ulceration in colonoscopic biopsies were highly suggestive of vasculitis whereas arteritis was only found in one full thickness biopsy. Hence the diagnosis of gastrointestinal complications depends largely on clinical evidence. In patients who survived, the gastrointestinal features remitted as the systemic illness improved following treatment with steroids, cyclophosphamide or plasma exchange. PMID- 6604294 TI - Alcoholic liver disease in Scotland and northeastern England: presenting features in 510 patients. AB - A study of 510 patients in Scotland and northeastern England with histological evidence of alcohol-induced liver disease showed no difference in the age of presentation between males and females. Single men and widowed females were particularly susceptible to alcoholic liver disease. The social class distribution was similar to the population in general. Women were more reluctant to volunteer a history of alcoholism than men, they had a higher incidence of previous psychiatric illness (usually due to alcohol abuse) and they developed liver disease at lower consumption thresholds of alcohol than men. Patients under 40 years of age were more likely to have alcoholic fatty liver and less likely to have active cirrhosis than those over 40. Most often, the presenting symptoms were non-specific and tended to be related to the gastrointestinal system, particularly in women. Five per cent of patients were asymptomatic and 14% came to hospital for conditions other than alcoholic liver disease. Important clues to asymptomatic alcoholic liver disease included hepatomegaly, clubbing of the fingers and abnormal liver function tests. Gastro-oesophageal varices accounted for 40% of instances of haemorrhage and the mortality from upper gastrointestinal bleeding was 17%. Anaemia was the most common haematological abnormality. Alcoholic hepatitis was observed more frequently in the Glasgow area then elsewhere. PMID- 6604293 TI - Drug associated acute interstitial nephritis: clinical and pathological features and the response to high dose steroid therapy. AB - Nine episodes of drug associated acute interstitial nephritis, in seven patients, were treated between 1972 and 1980. The drugs implicated were cotrimoxazole (three times), ampicillin, Magnapen (ampicillin and flucloxacillin), penicillin, gentamicin, paracetamol and bendrofluazide. The time from exposure to the onset of symptoms ranged from one to 30 days. Presentation was with acute renal failure, which was non-oliguric in five cases, accompanied by rash (four), fever (four), and loin pain (two). Renal biopsy was carried out in all cases, and showed a characteristic interstitial infiltrate comprising substantial numbers of lymphocytes and plasma cells, with a variable number of neutrophils, eosinophils and histiocytes. Immunofluorescence was negative in all four cases studied in the acute phase, and showed scattered deposits of IgG, IgM, IgA and C3 on the tubular basement membrane in one patient during recovery. Significant proteinuria and an abnormal urine deposit were present in all cases, and seven of nine had radiological evidence of enlarged kidneys. Seven episodes were treated with high doses of methyl prednisolone and in all there was a response with a diuresis or spontaneous fall in serum creatinine within 72 hrs, and recovery of virtually normal renal function. Of two cases who did not initially receive steroids, one improved more slowly and one developed chronic renal impairment. PMID- 6604295 TI - Bioelectric properties of frog sciatic nerves during exposure to stationary magnetic fields. AB - The bioelectric properties of frog sciatic nerves have been measured during exposure to homogeneous, stationary magnetic fields. The action potential amplitude, conduction velocity, absolute refractory period and relative refractory period were found to be unaffected by a continuous 4-h exposure to perpendicular or parallel 2.0 T (1 T equal 10(4) G) magnetic fields. These parameters also remained unchanged during a 1-h post-exposure period. The conduction velocity was similarly found to be unchanged when the field was applied continuously for 17 h. Exposure of sciatic nerves to a 1.0-T field led to no alteration in the threshold for neural excitation. The absence of magnetic field effects on nerve electrical activity observed in the present experiments contrasts with the positive findings reported previously by other investigators. These discrepancies may be attributable to an inadequate control of ambient temperature in the earlier studies. PMID- 6604296 TI - [Relation between the state of the vestibular analyzer in rabbits and their individual radiosensitivity when irradiated with a dose of 150 Gy]. AB - The authors have revealed a relationship between the original functional state of the vestibular analyzer of rabbits and their individual radiosensitivity. The coefficient of correlation between the vestibular analyzer sensitivity threshold and the life expectancy after exposure to gamma-rays at a linear accelerator of electrons (7.6 MeV, 150 Gy) was 0.505. PMID- 6604297 TI - Legal case briefs for nurses. ID: hysterectomy: surgical error concealed. LA: post-partum hemorrhage: wound eviscerated. PMID- 6604298 TI - [Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase]. PMID- 6604299 TI - Risk management strategy under the Toxic Substances Control Act and the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act. PMID- 6604300 TI - [Evaluation of alpha 1-antitrypsin in the gastric and duodenal juice samples from ulcer patients. II) Implications of ulcerogenesis]. PMID- 6604301 TI - [Usefulness of intestinal clearance of alpha-1-antitrypsin in the diagnosis of protein-losing syndromes]. PMID- 6604302 TI - [Cerebral blood flow and oxygen extraction in lacunar hemiplegia. Semi quantitative study using oxygen 15 and emission tomography]. AB - The oxygen 15 non invasive continuous inhalation technique coupled with positron emission tomography (P.E.T.) allows the local study of cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism. Recent P.E.T. studies have demonstrated the frequent occurrence of widespread metabolic depression remote from the site of middle cerebral artery territory infarct per se, especially over the cortical mantle and thalamus ipsilaterally, and over the cerebellar hemisphere contralaterally. These phenomena have been taken as indicative of transneural depression (i.e. diaschisis). We thought it interesting to study the possible occurrence of such abnormalities in patients with lacunar syndromes. We have applied the (15)0 technique to six patients (2 with pure motor hemiplegia, 4 with ataxic hemiparesis) for whom no large causal ischemic lesion could be demonstrated on CT scans; in only one patient was a lacunar lesion, presumably responsible for the clinical deficit demonstrated. Compared to a set of 19 patients without brain disease, the semi-quantitative results (analyzed in terms of asymmetry indices between homologous brain regions) in our patients did not disclose any pathophysiologically significant abnormality. More specifically, no evidence of physiological dysfunction similar to that reported in internal carotid artery territory infarcts, was detected over the cerebral or cerebellar cortices. These findings are commented upon in view of the presumably small size and the uncertain topography of the causal lesion. PMID- 6604303 TI - [Multiple sclerosis. Current status of research. I]. AB - Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects nearly 40 000 patients in France. Many factors are mixed up in the development of MS. Epidemiologic studies demonstrate the importance of environmental factors and some possible epidemics of MS in Faroe Islands and Iceland. Recent investigations in Orkney Islands present the hypothesis of two periods of peculiar vulnerability. In Caucasians, genetic investigations show the overpresentation of antigens HLA A3, B7, DR2-DW2. It is possible that remittent MS is related to B7, DW2, DR2 and progressive MS to DR3, B8 DR3, A1 B8 DR3. This distinctions could be also applied to response to immunosuppressive treatment. However, studies of familial MS suggest that only one gene is not able to induce susceptibility to MS. Interpretation of virologic studies is difficult; recent advances in virologic research (isolation, hybridization) will perhaps demonstrate the importance of viral components in MS. Interpretation of presence of myelin basic protein, antimyelin antibodies, anti oligodendrocytes antibodies, antigangliosides antibodies, antibrain antibodies is also difficult because identification methods are in constant progress and it is not possible to know whether these antibodies are cause or only consequence of pathologic process. Lymphocytic populations studies demonstrate that immunoregulation is probably defective in MS and that T lymphocytes subpopulations fluctuate, according to the state of the illness. Variations of NK activity are discussed. MS lymphocyte production of interferon is probably decreased. Recent advances in neuropathologic studies, central nervous system tissue cultures and in experimental demyelination are summarized. Cultures of precursors of oligodendrocytes and their maturation in vitro, selection and culture of mature oligodendrocytes, their applications to MS oligodendrocytes are emphasized. The recent models of chronic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), the prevention of EAE by interferon, basic protein, copolymer I have already place and implication in the comprehension and treatment of MS. Virologic models are also in important progress. Interests of evoked potentials, C.T. Scan and of nuclear magnetic resonance are discussed. Main therapeutic trends are emphasized. The underlying ethic problem of the choice of a therapy is discussed. PMID- 6604304 TI - Sjogren's syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis: immune effector cells in salivary glands. AB - A simultaneously capturing azo dye method for acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase was used to characterize the cellular infiltrate in labial salivary glands in 25 patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS). There was no significant difference in the T-pattern lymphocyte percentage in situ between the untreated group with SS and the group treated with 10 +/- 2 mg prednisone/day. There was a significant correlation (P less than 0.05) between the T-pattern lymphocyte percentage in situ and the focus-score value. In secondary (2 degrees) SS in cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis, respectively, 55% +/- 4% (range 41-69) and 43% +/- 7% (range 15-80) of all inflammatory cells in the periductal lymphocyte-rich infiltrates were T-pattern lymphocytes. In other SS patients the corresponding value was 28% +/- 7% (range 4 50). The T-pattern lymphocyte percentage in situ was dependent on the disorder associated with SS (P = 0.07). The present results indicate the dominance of T lymphocytes in situ in 2 degrees SS with SLE and suggest that there are differences in cell-mediated immunity in different clinical subgroups of SS. PMID- 6604305 TI - T-cell macrophage subset interactions and decreased autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in Sjogren's syndrome. AB - T-cell macrophage subset interactions were studied in relation to the decreased autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) in 15 patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS). Monoclonal antibodies against a macrophage (M theta) subset (Mac 120) stimulatory in the AMLR and against nonpolymorphic determinants of Ia antigen were used to identify adherent M theta. Four patients with decreased AMLR had a reduced percentage of Mac-120+ cells, suggesting that a defect in stimulatory M theta may account for their decreased AMLR. No correlation was found between the magnitude of the AMLR and the percentage of Ia+ M theta. Another six patients with diminished AMLR had a normal to high percentage of Mac 120+ M theta. However, this group of SS patients showed a decreased response to Concanavalin A, suggesting that they may have a defect in the responding T cells. Patients with normal AMLR had normal percentages of Mac-120+ M theta and showed normal responses to T-cell mitogens and alloantigens. These results suggest that a defective AMLR may have multiple causes. SS patients are heterogeneous in this regard and can be sorted into three groups using the AMLR and monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6604306 TI - [Antinuclear, anti-DNA and anti-lymphocyte antibodies in systemic scleroderma. 62 cases]. AB - The authors describe a prospective study of serum immunological abnormalities in 62 cases of systemic sclerodermia. Antinuclear antibodies were found in 67 percent of the cases. Contrary to expectation, the homogenous type was the most common. Anticentromeric antibodies were found in 4 of the 10 CREST syndrome patients. Anti-RNP (2/62) and natural anti-DNA antibodies are rarely found in sclerodermia. Non-cytotoxic anti-lymphocytic antibodies were found in more than half of the serums studied. They were frequently found in the CREST cases and in cases associated with Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome. Their significance is unknown. Lastly, almost all of the cases of systemic sclerodermia showed an immunological serum abnormality. PMID- 6604307 TI - Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia of T cell origin. Clinical variation possibly due to involvement of different T lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - Based on the literature and 2 patients studied, we suggest that at least 2 different clinical entities are included in the concept of T CLL: (i) a clinical variant characterized by a relatively benign course, splenomegaly without lymphadenopathy, low lymphocyte count and granulocytopenia; the proliferating lymphocyte is morphologically mature, of medium size and a cytoplasm with azurophilic granules staining positively for acid phosphatase and corresponding to parallel tubular arrays as demonstrated by electron microscopy. The cells form E-rosettes, have no surface-membrane-bound Ig, but Fc-receptors for IgG. With monoclonal antibodies, the phenotype is OKT3+, OKT4- and OKT8+, theoretically corresponding to the suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocyte subset, but functionally the cells demonstrate killer cell (responsible for ADCC), but not natural or suppressor cell activity. (ii) another clinical variant with an aggressive course, massive hepato-splenomegaly, lymph node enlargement and very high lymphocyte counts; the lymphocytes are small without cytoplasmic granules; their immunological and functional characteristics have not been determined, but morphologically the cells correspond to the T helper/inducer lymphocyte subset. Thus, involvement of different T lymphocyte subsets may be the reason for the clinical variation in T CLL. PMID- 6604309 TI - Non-invasive monitoring of coronary artery reconstruction by use of Doppler shift ultrasound. AB - Percutaneous recording of flow signals from coronary by-passes was carried out by use of a Doppler flow meter. The signals were recorded on a tape recorder and audiofrequency analysis was performed by use of a sonograph instrument. Twenty six patients were examined one week to two years after coronary by-pass surgery, signals from 22 patients could be classified as either being "normal" or "abnormal". Abnormal signals were recorded from 8 patients. Comparison of patients with abnormal signals to those with normal Doppler findings showed that the patient group with abnormal signals had also had a less pronounced increase in blood flow subsequent to peroperative injection of papaverin into the bypass, than the normal patient group. The reported findings merit an extended, longitudinal investigation of patients undergoing coronary by-pass surgery. PMID- 6604308 TI - Morphologic changes in atrial myocardial cells after cold cardioplegic standstill and during reperfusion in coronary bypass surgery. AB - Changes in the morphology of myocardial cells during reperfusion after long cardiac ischemia were studied as a sensitive indicator of myocardial damage. Observations were made by light and electron microscopy on specimens of atrial myocardium from 20 patients undergoing uneventful coronary bypass surgery with global hypothermic (less than 18 degrees C) cardioplegic protection. The findings in biopsy specimens taken before and immediately after cardiac arrest and following 20 and 60 min of reperfusion were arbitrarily graded in a semiquantitative scoring system. More than 60 min of cold cardioplegic arrest resulted in foci of altered myocardial structure, as seen in biopsies prior to reperfusion. After 20 min of reflow, intracellular and interstitial edema was found and no regression of the subcellular changes had taken place. (Worsening was observed in 7 cases.) After 60 min of reperfusion the myocardial ultrastructure had normalized in all the patients who had had ischemic cardiac arrest for less than two hours. In two hearts with longer ischemia (120 and 140 min), scattered areas of myocytes undergoing progressive changes were seen, although the postoperative myocardial performance was normal. Provided that the observed atrial changes were representative of left and right ventricle, the study indicates that reperfusion per se may enhance edema and cellular derangement, and that reperfusion for more than 20 min is usually necessary for normalization of the myocardium after more than one hour of ischemia. PMID- 6604311 TI - Total creatine kinase activity in cerebrospinal fluid as an indicator of brain damage during open-heart surgery. AB - In a selected series of 33 patients undergoing open-heart surgery, the creatine kinase (CK) activity in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was compared with the clinical results in regard to the central nervous system. The level of CK activity in CSF showed correlation with the degree of irreversible neuronal damage. Determination of CK in CSF may thus be of prognostic value in these patients. Caution is essential, however, in the setting of strict limits above which return to normal or acceptable quality of life is not to be expected. PMID- 6604310 TI - Changes in plasma zinc and urinary excretion of zinc after operation with extracorporeal circulation. AB - Sixteen adults undergoing cardiac surgery were studied with respect to postoperative levels of zinc in plasma and urinary excretion of zinc. The preoperative plasma concentrations of zinc were normal. On the first postoperative day the mean for the series had fallen from 15 to 7.2 mumol/l. A gradual rise followed, and on the fifth day all patients had plasma zinc above the lower limit of normal range. The urinary excretion of zinc was significantly increased on the first, second and fifth days after surgery. The mean total of zinc in the urine during five days was 67 mumol. The short-term fall in plasma zinc level had no discernible effect on wound healing. It was therefore apparently harmless and did not indicate a need for zinc supplementation. PMID- 6604312 TI - The clinical significance of changes in cerebral perfusion pressure during open heart surgery. AB - In 34 high-risk patients, the intracranial epidural pressure (EDP) and the cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) were monitored in connection with open-heart surgery. The findings were clinically evaluated, with special attention to affection of the central nervous system. Reduction of EDP to 10-30 mmHg for periods up to 10 min at the start of extracorporeal circulation and transient rise of EDP in the early postoperative period were relatively well tolerated. Late postoperative EDP rise, on the other hand, denoted an unfavourable trend, associated with permanent cerebral damage. Mannitol and/or barbiturates are indicated when an early rise in postoperative EDP persists or a late rise occurs. Covariation of EDP and arterial blood pressure (BP) should be regarded as a warning sign, especially if it is pronounced or appears during the postoperative course. In such conditions it seems important to stabilize the CPP by reducing a high EDP and by careful management of BP variations, i.e. with use of vasopressors. Postoperative epileptiform seizures seem to be prognostically unfavourable. PMID- 6604313 TI - [Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, opportunistic infections and Kaposi's sarcoma: epidemic of a new disease]. AB - During the last two years a new syndrome has been recognized which involves a severe acquired cellular immunodeficiency. More than 1300 cases have already been identified, mainly in the United States. Clinically the patients present with opportunistic infections, especially Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and/or tumors (often a Kaposi sarcoma). Frequently this is preceded by a prodromal phase with fever, weight loss and lymphadenopathies. The overall mortality is over 40% and may reach 100%. Groups at risk for the syndrome are male homosexuals, i.v. drug abusers. Haitians, possibly some Africans and patients who have received blood products. These epidemiologic data suggest that the syndrome is probably due to a bloodtransmitted infectious agent. PMID- 6604314 TI - [Malignant tumors and rheumatism. Study of their relation]. AB - Some aspects of the relationships between malignancy and rheumatic diseases are presented. The incidence of leukaemia and lymphomas is increased in rheumatic patients previously treated by alkylating agents or x-rays; hypertrophic treated by alkylating agents or x-rays; hypertrophic osteoarthropathy is frequently associated with bronchogenic carcinoma; very exceptionally, rheumatoidlike arthritis or polymyalgia rheumatica may be paraneoplastic syndromes. As a rule there is an interval of as long as several months between the beginning of joint or bone pains and radiological appearance of metastases. Early detection is possible if there is an elevated level of alkaline phosphatase, increased excretion of hydroxyproline and a positive bone scan. PMID- 6604316 TI - Chemical signals in the immune system. PMID- 6604315 TI - Imaging dopamine receptors in the human brain by positron tomography. AB - Neurotransmitter receptors may be involved in a number of neuropsychiatric disease states. The ligand 3-N-[11C]methylspiperone, which preferentially binds to dopamine receptors in vivo, was used to image the receptors by positron emission tomography scanning in baboons and in humans. This technique holds promise for noninvasive clinical studies of dopamine receptors in humans. PMID- 6604317 TI - [Subway accidents. Organization of medical rescue]. PMID- 6604318 TI - [Emergency medicine. 2 examples of the importance of communications]. PMID- 6604319 TI - [Medical rescue at sea by the coastal emergency service]. PMID- 6604320 TI - [Monitoring, medical treatment and diet therapy of pancreatectomies]. PMID- 6604321 TI - [Role and activities of ostomy societies]. PMID- 6604322 TI - [Rescue on the high seas. The radio-medical consultation service of Radio Saint Lys in collaboration with the emergency medical services of Toulouse]. PMID- 6604323 TI - [The preoperative period in cardiac pacing (transport, arrival, admission, hospitalization)]. PMID- 6604324 TI - [Implantation of cardiac pacemakers (review of different surgical approaches and technics]. PMID- 6604326 TI - [The circulating nurse, the patient, and the surgeon during the placement of a cardiac pacemaker]. PMID- 6604325 TI - [Placement of a cardiac pacemaker. General anesthesia or not?]. PMID- 6604327 TI - [The postoperative period after cardiac pacing]. PMID- 6604328 TI - [Why implant a cardiac pacemaker? Review of physiology and electrocardiography, diagnosis and indications]. PMID- 6604329 TI - [The daily life of the patient with a cardiac pacemaker]. PMID- 6604330 TI - [Ideal criteria for a center for cardiac pacing]. PMID- 6604331 TI - [Intensive care nurses and their education]. PMID- 6604332 TI - [Cardiac pacing: description of material]. PMID- 6604333 TI - Splenic artery-colonic fistula due to pancreatitis. AB - Patients with chronic pancreatitis may have gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastroesophageal varices are commonly responsible. In our case, emergency angiography was used to demonstrate bleeding from a splenic artery-colonic fistula. PMID- 6604334 TI - Thymic hyperplasia in a case of Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6604335 TI - [Indications and contra-indications to cardiac rehabilitation]. PMID- 6604336 TI - Subpopulations of T cells (Tg and Tm) in patients with malaria. AB - In the present study we utilized rosetting techniques to enumerate the putative suppressor (Tg) and helper (Tm) T-cell subpopulations in the peripheral blood of adult Thais with malaria. A lower percentage of both Tg and Tm subpopulations and a lower number and percentage of total T cells was found in these patients during the acute period of infection than in the peripheral blood of healthy donors. However, the percentages of total T, Tg and Tm cells were higher during the convalescent period and were comparable to the values found in the peripheral blood of healthy donors. The significance of these findings are discussed. No correlations were found between the percentage of these T-cell subpopulations and the level of parasitemia or the hematocrit. PMID- 6604337 TI - [Clinico-pathogenetic variants of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6604338 TI - [Immune reactions in patients with infectious-allergic myocarditis]. PMID- 6604339 TI - [Differential diagnosis of acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage with a tumoral etiology]. PMID- 6604340 TI - [Injury of B-lymphocytes by rheumatoid factor via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)]. PMID- 6604341 TI - [Lymphocytotoxic antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6604342 TI - Effect of luminal pH and nutrient bicarbonate concentration on restitution after gastric surface cell injury. AB - Frog fundic mucosas whose surface layers were severely injured by exposure to 1 M NaCl for 10 minutes in an Ussing chamber uniformly recovered both physiologically and anatomically within 4 to 6 hours. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of luminal H+ and nutrient HCO-3 concentrations on this process of reconstitution. With 18 mM HCO-3, return of the transmucosal potential difference, tissue electrical resistance, and short-circuit current toward normal and anatomic recovery occurred at luminal pH of 7.4, 5.0, and 4.0 but not at 3.0. An inhibitor of pepsin did not favorably affect the outcome of luminal pH 3.0, but a nutrient HCO-3 concentration of 47.8 mM completely prevented the adverse effects of luminal pH 3.0. Reconstitution of epithelial integrity did not occur in the absence of HCO-3 at luminal pH 4.0. Thus, low luminal pH inhibits and high nutrient HCO-3 concentration supports the epithelial restitution after mucosal damage caused by hyperosmolar NaCl. PMID- 6604343 TI - [Clinical role of various immunological indices in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6604344 TI - [The immunology of glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis]. PMID- 6604345 TI - [The role of various lymphocyte subpopulations in the development of glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6604346 TI - Thrombocytopenia in von Willebrand's disease. PMID- 6604347 TI - [The use of the problem-oriented medical record in veterinary medicine]. AB - The problem-oriented medical record is compared with the classical, source oriented record, with special reference to the following aspects: --as an aid in the treatment of patients; --as an aid in the communication between clinicians; - as an aid in retrospective studies; --as an aid in veterinary medical education. The problem-oriented medical record is found to be superior to the classical record in every aspect, though keeping records is time-consuming, which holds good particularly for the input of information. This interferes with large-scale acceptance, but introducing some elements of the system is worth considering. This is particularly true of the diagnostic and therapeutic scripts, which constitute a valuable addition to any type of medical record. PMID- 6604349 TI - Human cytotoxic, specific anti HLA-A, -B, -C T-lymphocyte clones are OKT3 positive, but may change their OKT4 and 8 phenotypes during culture. PMID- 6604348 TI - HLA antigens and Graves' disease in Black South Africans. PMID- 6604350 TI - Association of HLA-Bw35 with tuberculosis in the Chinese. PMID- 6604351 TI - Lethal murine graft-versus-host disease in the absence of detectable cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - The cytotoxic reactivity of cells recovered from host organs undergoing severe graft-versus-host (GVH) reactivity resulting from donor-recipient histoincompatibility at the entire H-2 complex, the H-2 I region alone, or the H 2 K/D regions have been examined. In all H-2 or H-2 I-region-disparate combinations acute lethal GVH disease occurred. In H-2-K/D-region-disparate combinations mortality was only 60-80%; however, injections of Interleukin-2 increased mortality to 100%. Donor antihost cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs) could be recovered from the organs and tissues of GVH animals mismatched at the entire H-2 complex or K/D mismatches but not from animals mismatched at only the I regions. In K/D region mismatches, only a weak transient antihost CTL response was detected. In the I region mismatches, antidonor cytotoxic reactivity appeared most frequently and could be expanded in vitro using Interleukin-2 (IL-2). In addition, lethal GVH disease was induced in hosts with cloned anti-I-A, Lyt-1+ noncytotoxic T helper cells. Thus, if CTLs or T suppressor cells are essential for the development of lethal GVH disease, they must be derived from the host per se. We conclude, therefore, that there is no absolute correlation between lethal GVH and the development of donor-derived CTLs or T suppressor cells. PMID- 6604352 TI - Nasal entomophthoromycosis in Nigerian Igbos. AB - The clinical and epidemiological pattern of nasal entomophthorosis due to Conidiobolus coronatus, and its histological and mycological features in 13 Igbo patients are described. The disease occurs in an endemic fashion within the hinterland of the Igbo enclave, the riverine areas appearing somewhat exempt. The disease as seen here is probably of the same low virulence in man as reported from other parts of the world. It is likely that the few florid cases seen were due to neglect rather than to more aggressive behaviour. Our experience with these patients would lead us to adopt septrin as the drug of choice in the management of future cases. PMID- 6604353 TI - Diagnostic yield of endoscopy in upper gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - On a total of 934 fibreoptic oesophagogastroduodenoscopies, performed between September, 1978 and September 1981, 122 patients presented with symptoms of upper gastrointestinal bleeding of less than two weeks duration. The most frequent findings were peptic ulcer (40.9%), oesophageal varices (16.4%) and mucosal lesions (7.4% as an isolated finding and a further 16.4% associated with peptic ulcer or varices). Negative endoscopies comprised 24.6% of all 122 patients, but in 19 in whom the bleeding episode preceded the endoscopy by not more than 48 hours, there were none. In 105 patients whose history of haematemesis and/or melaena was not recent, endoscopy was negative in 30%, but in patients without such history in 50%. Haematemesis and melaena are important symptoms and add weight to the indication for endoscopy. The earlier the endoscopy can be done, the greater is the diagnostic yield. PMID- 6604354 TI - [Chromosome disorders in immunocompetent and nonimmunocompetent cells of normal mice and after measles virus infection]. AB - A spontaneous level of cytogenetic aberrations in mice is found to be higher in the thymus and spleen than in bone marrow, testes and enterocytes. Measles virus induces cytogenetic aberrations in cells of all the organs of concern, being maximum in the thymus. Rehabilitation of a cytogenetic norm is the most intensive in the spleen and bone marrow, while it is slow in the intestine epithelium. PMID- 6604355 TI - [Comparative analysis of seasonal changes in the hematopoietic processes in the spleen and peripheral blood of the common frog. II. Thrombocyte and neutrophil series]. AB - Dynamics of the appearance of immature forms of the thrombocytic and neutrophilic cell lineages in the blood of the grass frog was studied during the forced cessation of hibernation. The thrombocytic lineage cells were classified into three maturation stages, their morphology being described. In winter, immature cells of both the lineages are present in hemopoietic tissue and occasionally in blood. Under the action of warm, they rapidly increase in number, within the next 1-2.5 days. The number of cells being at various stages of maturation in the blood of each animal showed, during the experiment, synchronous and similarly directed changes. A proposal is made that the maturing thrombocytes and neutrophils may pass easily the blood-spleen barrier without making any limited population in the blood. By this they differ from the erythroid cells which develop within the blood flow in summer as an independent synchronous population. Seasonal changes in migration rates of the newly formed thrombocytes and neutrophils into the blood were studied using thymidine autoradiography. The entry of these cells into the blood proved to be limited in winter and in spring. It means that a kind of seasonal regulation exists in the functioning barrier between the hemopoietic tissue and the blood. PMID- 6604356 TI - [Nature of the changes in water-soluble enzyme activity in the action of injurious agents on the muscles. II. The change in the extractability of aldolase from muscles exposed to urea]. AB - A study was made of solubilization of aldolase isolated from homogenates of skeletal muscles, both intact and being in the state of contracture due to urea action. Compared to water, electrolytes extract more aldolase from homogenates of intact and altered muscles. Almost the same amounts of aldolase were extracted with electrolytes from homogenates of muscles, which lost irreversibly their excitability, and of intact muscles. The actomyosin isolated from muscles displayed aldolase activity not removed under reprecipitation. The aldolase activity of actomyosin, the increase in sorption activity of proteins due to their conformational changes, and the decrease in excitability of aldolase isolated from homogenates of altered muscles by urea doses inducing denaturation of actomyosin and aldolase, all this may suggest that the action of injured agents on muscle stimulates the ability of aldolase and actomyosin to interact. The ratio of free and bound forms of aldolase differs in the intact and in the altered muscle cell. PMID- 6604357 TI - Childhood tuberculosis in Sweden. An epidemiological study made six years after the cessation of general BCG vaccination of the newborn. AB - General BCG vaccination of the newborn was started in Sweden in the 1940s and was stopped on April 1, 1975. The effect of this change in policy has been analysed in a study of children born in Sweden in 1969 or later and whose names were entered in the Central Tuberculosis Register from 1969 to 1980. A comparison was made between two groups of children: 1. children born in Sweden between April 1, 1969 and December 31, 1974 and who contracted tuberculosis during that period; all the children in this group were BCG-vaccinated; 2. children born between April 1, 1975 and December 31, 1980 and who contracted tuberculosis during that period. Only one child in this group had been vaccinated. In the first group of vaccinated children 4 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, one case of meningitis and one case of lymphadenitis were recorded. Among the unvaccinated children in the second group, 20 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, one fatal case of miliary tuberculosis and two cases of meningitis were recorded. In addition 13 cases of mycobacterial lymph node disease and one case of skin granuloma were found, but these were considered likely to be caused by non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection. The incidence of pulmonary, miliary and meningeal tuberculosis was 8 times higher among children born to foreign parents (6.4 per 100 000 person years) than among unvaccinated Swedish children (0.8 per 100 000). Despite the increase in incidence of tuberculosis which occurred after the cessation of vaccination of the newborn, the continued low incidence of tuberculosis in Swedish children up to and including 1980 does not justify the reintroduction of general BCG vaccination of the newborn in Sweden. PMID- 6604358 TI - [Clinical evaluation of by-pass circulation in the early postoperative period after open heart surgery]. AB - On the basis of an analysis of results of the subsidiary blood circulation in the development of acute cardiac insufficiency or for its prevention in 68 patients in the early postoperative period after correction of rheumatic heart disease the authors give a positive assessment of this method in patients with a high degree of the operation risk. PMID- 6604359 TI - [Surgical treatment of hiatal hernia]. AB - On the basis of an analysis of the surgical treatment of 325 patients with hiatal hernias the authors consider Nissen fundoplication to be the operation of choice in such cases. The operation was performed in 277 patients. Postoperative lethality was 1,2%. Good remote results were obtained in 88% of the patients. Recurrent hernias were noted in 1,8% of cases. PMID- 6604360 TI - [Immunological reactivity and serum biochemical indices in patients with otofacial dysostosis (first and second arch syndrome)]. AB - The examination of 50 patients aged from 6 to 35 has first revealed a pronounced disorder of the indices of immunity and biochemical composition of blood (decreased level of aminotransferases, cholesterol, increased content of alkaline phosphatase) in patients with otomandibular dysostosis. PMID- 6604361 TI - [10 years' experience with the use of electrostimulation of bone regeneration in traumatology and orthopedics]. AB - A comparative analysis of results of the clinical, roentgenological and biomechanical studies of 317 experiments in dogs and 725 patients with fractures, retarded consolidation and false joints of long tubular bones have shown advantages of electrostimulation of osteoreparation in using modern methods of treatment. PMID- 6604362 TI - Abattoir survey of bovine kidney disease. AB - A survey of the prevalence and type of renal disease was carried out at a Dublin abattoir in 1979-80. Of 4166 cattle surveyed, 173 (4.2 per cent) had kidneys rejected for gross abnormalities. The rejection rate was 7.7, 1.7, 2.2 and 28 per cent for cows, bullocks, heifers and bulls, respectively. The most common reason for rejection was focal interstitial nephritis (60.1 per cent of rejected kidneys). Other lesions included cysts (26.0 per cent), pigmentation (6.4 per cent), pyelonephritis (3.5 per cent), amyloidosis (2.9 per cent), glomerulonephritis (0.6 per cent), renal atrophy (0.6 per cent) and agonal haemorrhage. PMID- 6604363 TI - Characterization of rhesus macaque peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - Highly enriched rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) peripheral blood T-lymphocytes were separated into functional subpopulations by Fc-receptors. The T-lymphocyte population was comprised of both Fc-IgM (T mu +, 3.4 +/- 1.6) and Fc-IgG (T gamma +, 16.2 +/- 4.0) bearing cells. T-cells depleted of cells bearing Fc-IgG receptors (T gamma -) and T gamma + subpopulations were characterized and assessed for functional activity. T gamma + and T gamma - subpopulations were found to have the following characteristics: 1) T gamma + cells were stimulated by concanavalin-A (Con-A)3, pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA P), while T gamma - cells were stimulated by Con-A and PWM, but not PHA-P; 2) T gamma - cells were found to mediate PWM induced differentiation of autologous B cells including EAC+ and EAC- enriched subpopulations, while T gamma + cells did not induce differentiation; 3) T gamma + cells released soluble factors which depressed mitogen stimulation of T gamma- cells; and 4) approximately 8-10% of the T gamma + cells phagocytized IgG sensitized bovine red blood cell (BRBC) immune complexes. PMID- 6604364 TI - A time induced tritan defect. AB - It is hypothesized that if blue is signalled more slowly than red in the visual system, and if integration time is longer for blue than for red, then a tritan defect should be apparent for normal observers. Data from short-exposure viewing of the City University Colour Vision Test indicate that, at 3.75 msec. a significant tritan error occurs. PMID- 6604365 TI - S-sulfonation: a reversible chemical modification of human immunoglobulins permitting intravenous application. I. Physicochemical and binding properties of S-sulfonated and reconstituted IgG. AB - S-sulfonation represents a reversible chemical modification of disulfide bonds by which under the special conditions chosen only about 2.2 cystine units per IgG molecule are cleaved. Physicochemical and functional evidence for reconstitution is presented. Molecules reconstituted in vitro or in vivo regain, within a few hours, a reactivity (antigen binding, immunoprecipitation, Clq-mediated cross linking of immune complexes) comparable to equimolar control preparations. PMID- 6604366 TI - [Anti-influenza immunity and the prediction of influenza morbidity in the upcoming epidemic season]. AB - The possibility of practical use of an increase in the level of antibody to a future causative agent of epidemic from minimal to the "critical" level in the human population against the background of a relative epidemic-free state in a town as a prepotent of an epidemic increase of influenza incidence was studied. During 4 spring and 3 autumn seasons (1978--1981) titres of antihemagglutinins to influenza A (H3N2) and B viruses were determined in 200--250 blood serum specimens from residents of Moscow selected with similar age distribution for each season against a working reference human serum. From the analysis of the antibody dynamics influenza A (H3N2) epidemic in 1979 and influenza B epidemic in 1980 were timely prognosed. PMID- 6604368 TI - [Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels and their clinical significance in Crohn's disease]. AB - 25 patients with Crohn's disease were followed up with serial serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) determinations during hospitalization and at a control investigation eight weeks following discharge. The CEA level was compared with extent, duration and clinical activity of disease, as well as with Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and several acute phase reactants. The distribution of positive CEA levels (greater than 5 ng/ml) was similar in phases of acute inflamation and in remission. CEA levels did not show any significant correlation with CDAI, acute phase reactants, extent of involvement, duration of disease or histological findings. In this study CEA levels did not prove to be helpful indicators of disease activity or of cancer risk in Crohn's disease. PMID- 6604367 TI - [Cellular and humoral immune phenomena in psoriatic arthritis]. AB - The function of cellular immunity factors (lymphocyte transformation and phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leucocytes [PMN] and monocytes in connection with the concentration of intracellular ATP) and humoral immunity factors (serum concentration of immunoglobulin and complement factors C'3 and C'4) was investigated in 16 controls, 21 patients with psoriatic arthritis and 19 with psoriasis vulgaris. The results were compared with the clinical and anamnestic data of the patients. PMN phagocytosis of zymosan opsonized with rabbit standard serum was decreased in psoriasis vulgaris in comparison with the controls. Also, monocyte phagocytosis of non-opsonized zymosan was decreased in psoriatic arthritis, as compared with psoriasis vulgaris. Furthermore, in PMNs intracellular ATP was elevated in psoriatic arthritis as compared with the controls, but decreased in comparison with patients with psoriasis vulgaris. The intracellular ATP in monocytes was decreased in psoriasis vulgaris as compared with the controls. Humoral immunological findings: serum IgG concentration was higher in psoriatic arthritis than in controls and in psoriasis vulgaris. Elevated C'3 and decreased C'4 serum concentrations in psoriatic arthritis indicate an activation of the complement system. PMID- 6604369 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of supraventricular tachycardia]. AB - In form of a survey is demonstrated which contributions make, apart from clinic and routine ECG, the storage ECG, the load ECG as well as special ECG derivation techniques, such as the oesophagus ECG, intracardiac ECG derivations with electrostimulation as well as the endocardiac mapping technique for the analysis of various forms of supraventricular tachycardias including the preexcitation syndromes. Also the discussion of medicamentous and electrotherapeutic methods is performed above all under the clinical aspects of applicability, in which cases the hierarchy and combination in therapy are dealt with. PMID- 6604370 TI - [Hemostaseologic diagnosis and therapy of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding]. PMID- 6604371 TI - Neodymium-Yag laser photocoagulation for haemostasis of gastrointestinal non variceal haemorrhage. AB - Neodymium-Yag laser treatment in 130 patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, including spurting arterial bleeding, active oozing or fresh stigmata of bleeding (fresh clot or non-bleeding vessel), permitted overall initial haemostasis in 95% of the patients. Total laser failures (rebleeds) amounted to 22%. Considering only the ulcers with vessels in 36 patients, initial control of haemorrhage was achieved in 83%, but the total failure rate amounted to 50%. A controlled randomized study in 129 patients with oozing bleeding and patients with stigmata of bleeding showed a significant (p less than 0.001) reduction of duration and of the recurrence rate of bleeding and a significant decrease (p less than 0.05) of operative indications. Mortality rates however were not lowered by laser therapy. Complications of lasertherapy did not occur. One hundred thirty-eight gastrointestinal angiomas were treated by Yag laser photocoagulation in 32 patients without complications. Although the results of Yag laser treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding seem promising, endoscopic laser techniques should be improved to optimise the results and to improve the prognosis of life-threatening gastrointestinal bleedings. PMID- 6604372 TI - [Bipolar electrocoagulation in active upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Results of a prospective, non-controlled, multicenter study]. AB - This is a report on a prospective, non-controlled, and multicenter trial using a new bipolar electrocoagulation unit (BICAP system) in patients with active upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. From November 1980 to June 1982 55 patients have been treated. In 87% the bleeding could be stopped by electrocoagulation. In 27% rebleeding occurred. The mortality of upper GI bleeding in this series was 10.9%. PMID- 6604373 TI - [Electro-hydro-thermo probe in the therapy of gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. AB - By developing the electro-hydro-thermo probe the known disadvantages of dry electrocoagulation were eliminated. Instillation of water prior or simultaneously during the coagulation allows to rinse and to localize exactly the bleeding site; adhering and contaminating of the tip of the probe is avoided. This is a report on the application of the electro-hydro-thermo probe in 51 patients of which 37 had an active bleeding, eight a recent haemorrhage according to Forrest II and III, and six had mostly multiple telangiectasias, angiomas or angiomatoses. The efficacy of the probe to stop bleeding is good. Only in two patients with penetrating gastric ulcer the coagulation had to be stopped prematurely because of the risks of primary perforation. In four patients with recurrent bleeding emergency surgery was necessary. There were no complications following coagulation with the electro-hydro-thermo probe. Emergency surgery is indicated in patients with active haemorrhage which cannot be endoscopically localized or successfully coagulated. In active bleeding coagulation using the electro-hydro thermo probe is only a measure to improve the initial condition of the patient prior to surgery. PMID- 6604374 TI - [Acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage: prevention of complications through intensive care]. AB - During acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage patients with coexistent multimorbidity are at excessive risk. It seems to be reasonable to identify predominant cardiopulmonary risk factors and those risks induced by recurrent bleeding. Invasive haemodynamic monitoring and application of a pulmonary risk score could reduce the overall mortality in patients at higher risk. Intensive care management should preserve timing of elective surgical intervention in selected patients. PMID- 6604376 TI - [Traumatic coronary dissection in a 30-year-old man--a case report]. AB - Case history, clinical course, diagnostic procedures and pathomorphological findings in a rare case of traumatic dissection of a coronary artery in a 30-year old male is described. The patient underwent coronary bypass surgery and recovered from his injury. PMID- 6604375 TI - [alpha 1-Antitrypsin phenotypes in patients with chronic liver diseases]. AB - In a 25-year-old man we had observed the development of a liver cirrhosis leading to death from bleeding of oesophageal varices within two years. An alpha 1 antitrypsin defect (MZ-type) was detected post mortem both by serum analysis and by tissue examination. It is well documented that homozygote, e.g. SS- or ZZ type, antitrypsin defects are frequently accompanied by liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. In 174 patients with alcoholic hepatitis or alcohol-induced cirrhosis we demonstrated the distribution of alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotypes using gel electrofocussing to clarify whether the heterozygote alpha 1-antitrypsin defect- which is accompanied only occasionally by a slightly reduced total concentration of the alpha 1-antitrypsin in the blood--has an increased incidence in such patients. Compared to the healthy population (MS-type 4.0%), we observed 9,8% MS type in the described 174 patients. This simultaneous occurrence of a chronic, alcohol-induced liver disease with the genetic aberration of the alpha 1 antitrypsin phenotype pattern is too frequent to be attributed to mere chance and may be one cause of the increased incidence of chronic liver diseases within families documented by clinicians. PMID- 6604377 TI - [Determination of activity of ristocetin cofactor in blood using the coagulation time meter KZM-1]. PMID- 6604378 TI - [Fibrin gluing of congenital esophageal malformations]. AB - Gluing of oesophageal anastomoses in atresia effected by means of three or four sutures will definitely produce better results than suturing alone. The results of endoscopic closure of tracheo-oesophageal fistulas by gluing with fibrin are excellent. Furthermore, it is possible with fibrin gluing alone to treat iatrogenic perforations of the oesophagus in the newborn, following a false passage of nasogastric tubes from the hypopharynx into the mediastinum or pleural cavity. PMID- 6604379 TI - Coronary arterial stenosis. An autopsy study. AB - Hearts from 131 unselected medico-legal autopsies from 5 years to 80 years of age have been studied. Following injection with radio-opaque dye, the hearts were dissected, and angiograms taken were assessed for the presence of coronary artery narrowing. The arteries were then dissected off their beds, cut transversely at 3 mm intervals and studied both macro and microscopically for the degree of stenosis. Concentric and eccentric types of lesions were encountered. Former comprised chiefly of diffuse intimal thickening (DIT) which produced minimal luminal narrowing. The other concentric lesions consisted of fibrous plaques, calcified lesions and thrombosis. Concentric lesions constituted 40% of all stenotic lesions. Eccentric lesions were seen in 60% of all occlusions and were comprised by fibrous plaques, calcified lesions and thrombosis. Severe coronary arterial narrowing (Grades III and IV) observed microscopically, were detected radiologically. Microscopic examination followed by radiologic and gross examination in that order, seemed to be the best methods for the study of occlusive lesions. The left anterior descending artery (LAD) was narrowed in maximum number of cases followed by left circumflex and the right coronary artery (RCA). The average grade of narrowing was found, maximum in the LAD, followed by the left circumflex, left main artery, RCA, marginal and posterior descending (PDA) branches of the RCA respectively. The incidence and severity of occlusive lesions was maximum in the proximal segments of all the main arteries. This study suggests that in the local population, minimal narrowing is present resulting from the concentric intimal reaction to lipid accumulation in the form of DIT in a fair number of cases. The occlusive lesions in the various coronary artery segments lag 2-3 decades behind as compared to those observed in the western population. PMID- 6604380 TI - A study of orifice shape effects in the determination of mitral valve area by two dimensional echocardiography. AB - Real-time two-dimensional echocardiographic studies of the mitral valve in short axis view were obtained from 10 normal subjects. Stop-action frames of the video taped echocardiograms were then photographed to obtain diastolic cross-sectional images of the valve at maximal opening. Tracings from the interior of the leaflet echoes were then digitized to provide the perimeter and area of the mitral orifice. From the perimetric data, boundary integration was used to numerically calculate the orifice area corresponding to an elliptical boundary, for aspect ratios ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 (circle). It was found that the mean orifice areas determined echocardiographically and numerically are equal for an aspect ratio of 0.42. For aspect ratios greater than this value, the elliptical areas are larger, while for smaller aspect ratios, the elliptical areas are smaller. PMID- 6604381 TI - A polygraph study of ischemic heart disease: behavior of systolic times in acute myocardial infarction. AB - The authors investigated systolic time intervals in 28 cases of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Polygraph recordings were made on the first day of illness and repeated at two, three, five, and seven hospital days. The patients were divided into two groups: one with a contributory history of ischemic and/or hypertensive heart disease (Group PH for "positive history") and one without such history (Group NH for "negative history"). The influence of numerous variables on systolic times were explored in both groups, and the emerging data were processed by multiple stepwise regression analysis. The results show that the left ventricular ejection time (LVET) is invariably shortened in AMI, whereas the pre ejection indices (PEP and ICT) afford definite differentiation of patients of Group PH (with lengthened PEP and ICT values) from those of Group NH (shortened PEP and ICT). The authors emphasize the importance of obtaining polygraph recordings very early in the course of AMI and of taking into account the patient's history in view of a correct assessment of pre-ejection times. PMID- 6604382 TI - Natural evolution of atrioventricular conduction in patients with sick sinus syndrome treated by atrial demand pacing. A study of 26 cases. AB - The authors have followed up 26 patients with sinus node disease who were treated by atrial pacing. The follow-up duration varies between 10 months and 3 years. Assessment of A.V. conduction was performed repeatedly by atrial pacing at increasing rates. Nine patients showed a progressive, sometimes early, deterioration of their A.V. conduction system; five (19%) developed second degree A.V. block of Mobitz type I for pacing rates lower than 100 beats/min. In three of them, the pace-maker had to be replaced by a dual chamber stimulator. Deterioration of A.V. conduction seems to be more frequent in subjects with antecedents of myocardial infarction (4/5) than in others (5/21: p less than 0.05). Deterioration of A.V. conduction is not uncommon among patients with sinus node dysfunction, especially after myocardial infarction. This constitutes a serious limitation to the use of atrial pacing. PMID- 6604383 TI - A-V block by an overdose of Clonidine. AB - The case of a young addict woman, chronically treated with Clonidine, in whom an overdose of the drug determined transient S-A and A-V conduction disturbances is reported. Such effects have been attributed to vagal hyperactivity and must be kept in mind when the drug is administered to patient of old age, with cardiac disease, or in association with digitalis. The treatment of choice is represented by forced diuresis induced either by osmotic diuretics of furosemide. PMID- 6604384 TI - Permanent indwelling tubes in benign oesophageal stricture. AB - Permanent intubation of benign oesophageal stricture seems to be rather frequently used, but there are few reports on indications and results. The limited experience from 9 intubations in 7 patients presented, is not encouraging. Massive gastro-intestinal bleeding, peptic reflux and tube migration were seen, and 4 of the tubes had to be sacrificed within 6 weeks. Two patients only had full and lasting benefit of the treatment without serious tube complication. Indwelling tubes should be considered in benign strictures only as an alternative to gastrostomy, particularly in those patients feeling strong aversion to permanent stomy. PMID- 6604385 TI - [Human T cell colonies (1): Properties of T cell colony-forming cells and cell interactions on colony formation]. PMID- 6604387 TI - [Surface marker analysis in 80 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. PMID- 6604386 TI - [A novel cultured cell line (P30/Ohkubo) of pre-T cell (C/T hybrid) phenotype derived from an acute lymphoblastic leukemia with some phenotypic change during clinical course]. PMID- 6604388 TI - [Morphometric ultrastructural evaluation of T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia]. PMID- 6604389 TI - Epidemiology of motor neuron disease in northern Sweden. AB - All cases of motor neuron disease (MND), encompassing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), progressive bulbar paralysis (PBP) and progressive spinal muscular atrophy (PSMA), in northern Sweden, diagnosed between 1969-1980 have been analysed. 128 cases were found, corresponding to an average annual incidence rate of 1.67 per 100,000. The prevalence on December 31, 1980 was 4.8 per 100,000. Age-specific incidence rates were higher in the high age groups with a maximum at 60-64 years for males, at 70-74 years for females and at 65-69 years for the sexes combined. The median age at onset was 61 years. Clustering was not found in mining districts and overrepresentation of miners and stone treaters was not observed. Minor differences in incidence rates, as measured by the standardized morbidity ratio, SMR, were found between the inland, coastal and mountain areas. The median survival time after onset of disease was 32 months for ALS, 30 months for PBP and 70 months for PSMA. The combined survival rate for all MND cases was 28% after 5 years and 15% after 10 years. The male to female ratio was 1.1:1, and 4.7% were familial cases. PMID- 6604390 TI - Central origin of canine vidian nerve studied by the HRP method. AB - Central origin of the vidian nerve in the dog was investigated using the retrograde tracing technique of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). After HRP was applied to the vidian nerve, labelled neurons were found in the medulla oblongata and the geniculate ganglion but could not be found in the trigeminal ganglion. Labelled neurons in the medulla oblongata were found not only in the dorsal part but also in the ventral part to the facial motor nucleus and were maximum in number at the level of the rostral third of the facial motor nucleus. These labelled neurons were generally medium-sized multipolar neurons with well developed dendrites. PMID- 6604391 TI - Organization and density of microtubules in the vestibular sensory cells in the cat. AB - In the vestibular receptors, the cytoplasmic hair cell microtubules manifest a particular affinity for the membraneous areas juxtaposed to an afferent nerve terminal. Moreover, their number is greater in the type I cells, which possess larger neuro-epithelial surface contacts than either in the type II cells or in the supporting cells. In the discussion, two hypotheses are proposed according to the results; the first concerns the structural role of the cytoskeleton and the second suggests its participation in sensory transduction. PMID- 6604392 TI - Action of streptomycin and calcium on the apical membrane of hair cells of the frog isolated semicircular canal. AB - An isolated frog posterior semicircular canal was placed in a two-compartment perspex chamber allowing separate perfusions of the peri- and endolymphatic space with adequate saline solutions. The ampullar receptors were mechanically stimulated with a hydraulic device which imposed sinusoidal movements to the cupulo-endolymphatic system at low frequency (0.10 Hz). Slow potentials recorded with non-polarizable Ag/AgCl electrodes near the crista ampullaris (Adc) and on the ampullar nerve (Ndc) were displayed together with an analog signal of the mechanical stimulation and with the nerve spike frequency, on a strip chart. The streptomycin action or the high calcium concentration action (these two substances being administered together or separately into the ampullar space) indicated that the streptomycin seemed to block mechano-dependent channels (non specific) assumed to be included into the hair cell apical membrane. The synaptic transmission process was altered by streptomycin but was improved by the high calcium concentration. Also, the mechanisms which would control the spontaneous release of a neurotransmitter, seemed, at least partly, different from those controlling the neurotransmitter release in response to a mechanical stimulation; these last ones were less sensitive to the calcium action. PMID- 6604393 TI - [Statistical considerations apropos of 500 medicolegal otovestibular cases in craniocervical injuries]. AB - Five hundred cases of head and neck injury, with a complete clinical audiological and vestibular investigation from a medico-legal point of view, were reviewed. Statistical correlations between the various objective and subjective parameters were analysed. PMID- 6604394 TI - [The occurrence of nystagmus in sustained sinusoidal stimulation]. AB - Twenty normal subjects have been submitted to a set of vestibular sinusoidal stimulations, the maximal acceleration per hemiperiod being constant. However the nystagmic response (number of beats per hemiperiod) was not constant, but increased during every single trial. The clinical consequences of this observation are discussed. In particular authors suggest that the classical damped sinusoidal stimulation test should be considered a semi-quantitative test. PMID- 6604395 TI - Interest of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) as a neuroendocrine marker in depressive illness. A negative report. AB - Among 8 primary depressives, 4 schizophrenics, 4 manics and 4 normal controls, 5 hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), the precursor of serotonin (200 mg p.o.), appears devoid of any stimulating activity on the liberation of growth hormone (GH). So, 5-HTP test can not be useful as a specific neuroendocrine marker of serotoninergic metabolism in depressive patients. PMID- 6604396 TI - "A study of chronic cannabis users in Varanasi". PMID- 6604397 TI - Generational continuity in the use of substances: the impact of parental substance use on adolescent substance use. AB - Two hundred sixty-two adolescents, ages 13 through 17, and one of the parents of each, interviewed separately, are compared with regard to their use of substances. Youthful subjects in each comparison group are similar in age, sex, ethnicity and socioeconomic status. Results show a variety of relationships between parental use of coffee, cigarettes, beer and wine, hard liquor and marijuana/hashish and adolescent use of such substances. Generally, parental use of these substances is moderately to strongly related to use by their children. The strongest relationships are found for coffee, mother's use of cigarettes, and father's use of hard liquor. All of these relationships are not linear. For example, fathers who are moderate drinkers of hard liquor are more likely to have adolescent children who are substance users. Two theories of intergenerational substance use are discussed. PMID- 6604399 TI - Computed tomography in aging and senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. PMID- 6604398 TI - The role of folylpolyglutamates in the regulation of folate metabolism. PMID- 6604401 TI - The maximization of wound healing with fibrin glue. AB - Our experience in the application of so-called fibrin glue in 304 patients submitted to a variety of operations in plastic surgery from January 1981 to May 1982 is presented. The results seem to be much better than without this substance and afford greater comfort for the patient. Addition of factor XIII seems to be unnecessary. PMID- 6604400 TI - Positron emission tomography in dementia. PMID- 6604402 TI - Non-acidic pyrazoles: inhibition of prostaglandin production, carrageenan oedema and yeast fever. AB - Prostaglandin production from mouse peritoneal macrophages was elicited by the tumour promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The inhibitory potency (IC50) of metamizole and its major metabolites as well as other non acidic pyrazoles was defined in this system. A reliable IC50-value could not be assigned to metamizole. Isopropylaminophenazone was as active as acetylsalicylic acid while aminophenazone and methylaminophenazone, the major metabolites of metamizole, were about 10 times and phenazone 100 times less potent than acetylsalicylic acid. The major excretion products of metamizole, 4-formyl- and 4 acetyl-aminophenazone were inactive. The IC50-values obtained agree with those necessary for manifestation of anti-inflammatory effects in rats but are up to 10 times higher than those measurable in human plasma after administration of analgesic-antipyretic doses. PMID- 6604403 TI - [Electrophysiological properties of a case of congenital tritanopia]. PMID- 6604404 TI - [Studies on the origin of the electroretinographic (ERG) b-wave by intraretinal K+ injection into the frog retina]. PMID- 6604405 TI - [Studies on the printing color and the screening efficiency of the Ishihara test for color blindness. II. Evaluation of the screening efficiency of the Ishihara test published in 1979 and 1980 and the criterion of the detection]. PMID- 6604406 TI - [Pattern reversal ERG in the frog--neuronal origin in the inner retinal layers]. PMID- 6604407 TI - Parathyroid imaging: comparison of high-resolution CT and high-resolution sonography. AB - Parathyroid computed tomographic (CT) scanning using a specially designed patient positioning harness, bolus contrast administration, and dynamic scanning significantly improved localization of parathyroid tumors from 45% (19/42) to 76% (35/46) (p less than 0.01) over conventional CT scanning. High-resolution sonography with a 10 MHz transducer localized 65% (57/88) of these tumors. Average tumor size was 15 X 10 X 9 mm. Patients undergoing reoperation for hyperparathyroidism had similarly small tumors localized by CT in 63% (12/19) and high-resolution sonography in 47% (9/19) of cases. High-resolution sonographic equipment suitable for parathyroid imaging is not widely available. Since high resolution CT is more generally available and more effective, it is recommended as the procedure of choice for localizing cervical parathyroid tumors. PMID- 6604408 TI - Sonography of the neonatal and infant hip. AB - Using real-time high-resolution sonography, it is possible to directly visualize the cartilaginous femoral head and define its relation with the acetabulum in normal and pathologic states. Thirty-six examinations were performed on 33 infants, newborn to 1 year of age. Two transverse views were obtained through the femoral head and acetabulum. The medial transverse scan was particularly helpful in casted or splinted patients. The lateral transverse view allowed visualization of the triradiate cartilage. All studies performed on a control group of 20 were normal. The diagnosis of hip dislocation was suggested sonographically in three patients and was confirmed radiographically in each case. PMID- 6604409 TI - Tracheal compression by mediastinal masses in children: CT evaluation. AB - Chest computed tomography (CT) was valuable in detecting extrinsic tracheal compression by mediastinal masses in two pediatric patients. This prompted an independent evaluation by CT of 14 children with masses involving the middle mediastinum and possible intrathoracic tracheal narrowing. Computer programs permit precise calculation of tracheal cross-sectional areas. Any apparent decrease in tracheal area may be compared with CT-derived data in normal children. Chest CT not only demonstrates the presence of extrinsic airway compression in pediatric patients with mediastinal masses, but also is capable of precisely measuring the extent of this narrowing. This method identifies children at potential risk for respiratory compromise and may aid in subsequent therapy. PMID- 6604410 TI - Pancreatic changes in cystic fibrosis: CT and sonographic appearances. AB - The computed tomographic (CT) and sonographic appearances of the late stages of pancreatic damage in three patients with cystic fibrosis are illustrated. All three had severe exocrine pancreatic insufficiency with steatorrhea. In two patients CT revealed complete fatty replacement of the entire pancreas. In the third, increased echogenicity of the pancreas on sonography and the inhomogeneous attenuation on CT were interpreted as being the result of a combination of fibrosis, fatty replacement, calcification, and probable cyst formation. PMID- 6604411 TI - Radiographic findings of scleroderma in childhood. AB - The radiographs of 12 children with the American Rheumatism Association criteria for scleroderma were analyzed and compared to the adult presentation. Childhood and adult manifestations of the disease differ. Although some similarities exist, tuft resorption and soft-tissue calcifications in the fingers are more common in childhood. In contrast, small bowel involvement, hand contractures, and erosive arthropathy are less frequent. In particular, inflammatory joint destruction was not identified in this small pediatric group. PMID- 6604412 TI - Generalized juvenile polyposis with pulmonary arteriovenous malformations and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. PMID- 6604413 TI - Pulmonary valve candidiasis in an infant. PMID- 6604414 TI - Neonatal magnification radiography using standard-focus x-ray tubes. AB - Radiographic examination of the chests of premature newborn infants is complicated by the small size and poor object contrast of the structures to be evaluated. Magnification radiography can improve image quality significantly in this situation. Unfortunately, high-quality magnification radiography requires dedicated microfocus equipment that is not available in most neonatal intensive care units. The use of standard-focus x-ray tubes (up to 1 mm focal spot size) for moderate magnification radiography (1.5 times) by using the anode side of the x-ray field of the standard mobile x-ray unit is proposed. In addition to the cost advantage of using existing standard mobile x-ray equipment, the high tube current allows for short exposure times and long target-film distances. This reduces most motion unsharpness and allows for a large air gap that results in improved image contrast. Although focal spot size at the anode side of the field is smaller in only one dimension, the magnification radiographs are superior to those obtained using the central part of the x-ray beam and superior to standard contact radiographs using the same equipment. Improvement in image quality is due primarily to decreased noise and improved contrast in the magnified image. PMID- 6604415 TI - CT recognition of acute aortic dissection. AB - Twenty-six patients with suspected acute aortic dissection were investigated using computed tomography (CT) as the primary mode of investigation. The diagnosis was controlled by aortography or surgery or both. There were no false positive or false-negative studies using CT. Aortography was performed on 19 of the 21 patients with aortic dissection and was positive in each instance. However, in two illustrated cases, CT indicated proximal or type A aortic dissection, whereas the corresponding aortograms indicated distal or type B aortic dissection. In two of the 21 acute aortic dissections, only CT was performed, and in both instances surgical confirmation was obtained. The results suggest that CT is at least as accurate as aortography in the diagnosis of acute aortic dissection. PMID- 6604416 TI - Echocardiography of cardiac metastases. AB - Metastatic disease to the heart is a relatively common entity that may involve the pericardium, myocardium, or endocardium singly or in combination. Echocardiography, particularly two-dimensional imaging, is the most sensitive tool for detecting metastatic disease to the heart. Simple, safe, and noninvasive, it can provide better anatomic detail than can more invasive studies. This information is helpful not only in diagnosis and treatment planning, but in differential diagnoses of unusual cardiac configurations and guidance for pericardiocentesis of loculated effusions. PMID- 6604417 TI - Leiomyoma of the trachea. PMID- 6604418 TI - Metastases to the breast. AB - Metastases to the breast are uncommon, with about 250 cases reported from clinical and autopsy series. The mammographic findings in 16 new cases revealed a spectrum of changes that included solitary or multiple lesions, well demarcated or poorly marginated masses, and diffuse involvement of skin or parenchyma or both. Diffuse disease was seen more frequently in this series (4/16), at times simulating inflammatory breast cancer. Although diagnosis of a primary malignancy usually preceded detection of the breast lesion, 40% (6/16) had no history of malignancy. Prognosis remains poor; however, it has improved in the lymphoma leukemia group due to improved immunotherapeutic and chemotherapeutic regimens. The clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features are discussed. Some of the lesions encountered can be confused with a primary breast malignancy or a benign lesion, necessitating prompt and accurate biopsy to preclude unnecessary major surgery and to improve survival in cancers amenable to current therapy. PMID- 6604419 TI - Angiosarcoma of the breast: sonographic, xeromammographic, and pathologic appearance. PMID- 6604420 TI - Areae gastricae in gastritis: lack of correlation between size and histology. AB - The area gastrica patterns of the stomach were studied using surgical specimens. From each of 15 patients, two specimens were obtained: one from the antrum and one from the corpus. These 30 specimens were photographed by stereomicroscope, and the areae gastricae were classified into three groups: none, 1-3 mm in diameter, and 4-6 mm in diameter. The same surgical specimens were studied histologically and the findings were compared with the area gastrica groups. Almost all specimens showed superficial and atrophic gastritis. No correlation between the different sizes of the areae gastricae and the histologic findings was found. The different area gastrica patterns have little value as indication of different types of gastritis. PMID- 6604421 TI - Computed tomography in acute cholecystitis: new observations. AB - The computed tomographic CT findings in five patients with acute cholecystitis were analyzed. Common findings included thickening and nodularity of the gallbladder wall, cholelithiasis, and dilatation of the gallbladder lumen. Other more specific findings included poor definition of the gallbladder wall, pericholecystic fluid collections, and gas collections within the gallbladder wall. Most of the CT findings are suggestive but not pathognomonic, and correlation with the clinical, scintigraphic, and sonographic findings is necessary. PMID- 6604422 TI - Superior mesenteric vein rotation: a CT sign of midgut malrotation. PMID- 6604423 TI - Cystic lymphangioma of the colon. PMID- 6604424 TI - Correlation of computed tomography, sonography, and gross anatomy of the liver. PMID- 6604425 TI - Adrenal pseudotumors on CT due to dilated portosystemic veins. AB - The adrenal and periadrenal venous systems are part of the portosystemic collateral pathways that may enlarge in portal hypertension. The cross-sectional image of the resulting enlarged venous channels may simulate an adrenal mass. Three examples of such computed tomographic (CT) scans are presented with selective venographic correlation. Patients with portal hypertension and suspected adrenal pathology may require enhanced or dynamic CT scans. PMID- 6604426 TI - Renal malignancies with normal excretory urograms. AB - Four patients with malignant renal masses showed no abnormality on excretory urograms with tomography. Of the four lesions, two were primary renal cell carcinomas, one was a metastatic focus from a contralateral renal cell carcinoma, and one was a metastatic lesion from rectal adenocarcinoma. A normal excretory urogram should not be considered sufficient to exclude a clinically suspected malignant renal mass. In such an instance, diagnostic evaluation should be pursued using a method capable of topographic anatomic display, such as computed tomography or sonography. PMID- 6604427 TI - Computed tomography of renal oncocytoma. AB - Renal oncocytoma is a relatively rare tumor that has an excellent prognosis and usually may be treated adequately by local resection. Preoperative differentiation from renal cell carcinoma, which requires radical nephrectomy, is thus of importance. The computed tomographic (CT) and pathologic features of three incidentally-detected renal oncocytomas were compared with those of six renal cell carcinomas of comparable size. Renal cell carcinoma appears on CT as a solid mass that generally has an indistinct interface with normal renal parenchyma, a lobulated contour, and a nonhomogeneous pattern of contrast enhancement. These features correlate with the pathologic findings of an irregular tumor margin and the frequent presence of tumor hemorrhage and necrosis. Oncocytoma, on the other hand, generally has a distinct margin, a smooth contour, and a homogeneous appearance on contrast-enhanced CT scans. These findings correlate with a smooth tumor margin and absence of tumor hemorrhage and necrosis on pathologic examination. These features are not pathognomonic of oncocytoma, as angiographic evidence suggests that renal cell carcinoma may show both distinct margination and a homogeneous blush in 6% of cases. However, their demonstration by CT should alert radiologists and surgeons to the possibility that a renal mass may be an oncocytoma. Such a presumptive diagnosis then can lead to a surgical approach that allows for renal-conserving surgery. PMID- 6604428 TI - Calcified renal oncocytoma. PMID- 6604429 TI - Bladder calculi complicating intermittent clean catheterization. AB - Eight male patients on clean intermittent catheterization programs for neurogenic bladder dysfunction developed vesical calculi around pubic hairs inadvertently introduced into the bladder, acting as a nidus for incrustation. In three patients, the radiographic appearance of serpentine calcifications in the pelvis was highly consistent with calcareous deposits on strands of hair. Familiarity with this radiologic appearance should suggest the diagnosis in the appropriate clinical setting and help avoid misinterpretation of these calcifications, atypical of usual bladder stones. PMID- 6604430 TI - High-resolution real-time sonography of scrotal varicocele. AB - Real-time sonography of the scrotal veins was performed in 13 subjects with clinically obvious or small varicocele and in 10 normal controls. In normals, the vessels were 0.5-1.5 mm in caliber and a main draining vein up to 2 mm often was seen. In all varicoceles, numerous dilated, tortuous, branching vessels of uniform size were observed. Vessels of different lesions varied in caliber from 2 to 5 mm. Blood flow was seen in some normal vessels, and sluggish flow was observed in all varicoceles. The direction of visualized flow and the influence on flow of the upright position and Valsalva maneuver were shown with confidence only in large and medium-sized lesions. In these the findings were consistent with incompetence of the internal spermatic venous system. The cystic spaces in multiloculated spermatoceles or epididymal cysts varied more in size, were not tubular or branching, and no flow phenomenon was seen at high gain settings. Sonography provides an alternative to other noninvasive tests for detection of a small varicocele, especially in the infertile patient. PMID- 6604431 TI - Interlaboratory variation in a commercial bone mineral analyzer. AB - Measurements of bone mineral content (BMC) were made in 14 different laboratories in the U.S. and four in Europe using commercially produced instrumentation (Norland Bone Mineral Analyzer) for 125I absorptiometry. A three-chambered standard (dipotassium hydrogen phosphate) was measured in each laboratory following their own calibration. The values of BMC in the middle range (0.6 g/cm) all were adequate (within +/- 2%), but the BMC values were underestimated by 5% or more in five laboratories for the largest chamber and in three laboratories for the smallest chamber. Width values were accurate (+/- 3%) over 0.7-1.6 cm. The effect of underestimating large values in clinical studies is to reduce the difference between normals and abnormals. Calibration error also may be responsible for the variable normal values found in the U.S. and Europe by some users of this instrument. PMID- 6604432 TI - A simple method for insertion of large untapered catheters. PMID- 6604434 TI - A new biliary endoprosthesis. PMID- 6604433 TI - Percutaneous drainage of pancreatic duct for treating acute pancreatitis. PMID- 6604435 TI - Superselective catheterization technique in hepatic angiography. AB - The techniques for superselective catheterization of hepatic artery are described. The catheters have five major configurations in various sizes: (1) simple curve, (2) reverse curve, (3) double curve, (4) modified double curve, and (5) hepatic and splenic curves. Since the celiac artery may be directed caudad, horizontally, or cephalad, the techniques vary accordingly. The basic approach of the system described is to tailor the catheter to fit the vascular anatomy. These various techniques have produced a 95% success rate in the hepatic artery catheterization of 1,000 patients. PMID- 6604437 TI - Comparative advantages of small- and large-dose metrizamide myelography. AB - A series of myelographies performed with a smaller than customary dose (3.75 g) of metrizamide was compared with a series using the larger customary dose. While little decrease in the incidence of headache and vomiting resulted from the decreased dose, there was a heartening drop in the incidence of psychoneurologic side effects. Little difference in diagnostic quality between the two series resulted when the contrast agent was injected close to the site of main interest, but total spinal canal myelography performed with the low dose is often inadequate. PMID- 6604436 TI - Saphenography. PMID- 6604438 TI - Standardization in video and digital diagnostic imaging. PMID- 6604439 TI - Diagnostic radiology in Spain. PMID- 6604441 TI - Partial-volume phenomenon. PMID- 6604442 TI - Infrapatellar plica on lateral knee arthrograms. PMID- 6604440 TI - Technologist-performed barium pneumocolon study. PMID- 6604443 TI - Wire localization of nonpalpable breast lesions. PMID- 6604444 TI - A radiologic "miss". PMID- 6604445 TI - Society for pediatric radiology: abstracts from 1983 meeting. PMID- 6604446 TI - The definition of myocardial infarction during aortocoronary bypass surgery. AB - In a study of 392 aortocoronary bypass (CABG) patients, we found 16 patients with a postoperative new Q wave, 29 patients with new intraventricular conduction disturbance, 17 patients with cardiogenic shock, and 14 patients with excessive CK-MB activity. Those criteria were considered as diagnostic of perioperative acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Listing the 392 patients in a Venn diagram: five patients had three positive criteria, eight had two, 43 had one, and 336 had none. Ventricular arrhythmia, supraventricular arrhythmia, or ST-T changes occurred in decreasing frequency in patients with a decreasing number of positive criteria. Five patients died postoperatively and in four a postmortem examination was available. Diagnostic criteria partly predicted autopsy findings. We conclude that the diagnostic criteria of perioperative myocardial infarction have a low diagnostic performance. PMID- 6604447 TI - C-11 palmitate for the noninvasive evaluation of regional myocardial fatty acid metabolism with positron-computed tomography. IV. In vivo evaluation of acute demand-induced ischemia in dogs. PMID- 6604448 TI - Clinical data versus noninvasive testing as an estimate of coronary status. AB - The step from coronary angiography to surgery is taken primarily on the basis of the ejection fraction (EF) and number of diseased vessels (NV), taken jointly as coronary status (CS). This study reviewed (1) how well EF, NV and CS are estimated from clinical data, (2) how much improvement is gained by adding noninvasive data, (3) how good this model is when applied to a larger cohort and (4) whether the decision to angiography can be made on the basis of CS estimated from clinical data alone. A quantitative definition of CS was established as a principal component of EF and NV. Estimates of EF, NV and CS were made from clinical data of 60 patients. Correlations with the actual values were EF 87%, NV 93% and CS 93%. When noninvasive data were added to this model, the correlations increased to EF 95%, NV 99% and CS 98%. When the clinical data model was applied to 169 patients, the correlations decreased to EF 77%, NV 71% and CS 74%. CS estimated from clinical data alone was set up as a test for angiography for 169 patients. This test had a sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 63%, demonstrating the feasibility of using clinical data alone in deciding angiography. PMID- 6604449 TI - Mechanism of calcification of porcine bioprosthetic aortic valve cusps: role of T lymphocytes. AB - Calcification of glutaraldehyde-preserved porcine aortic valve bioprosthetic cusps limits their success as cardiac valve substitutes. Subcutaneous implants of porcine bioprostheses in rats and rabbits have provided a convenient experimental tool to study this calcification process. Previous clinical research has suggested that the host's immune response to the porcine xenograft tissue may contribute to the calcific degeneration. To investigate the possible contribution of the immune response, porcine bioprosthetic cusps implanted subcutaneously in congenitally athymic (nude) BALBc mice and normal controls were analyzed biochemically and histologically after retrieval at 21 days. Calcification was comparable in implants retrieved from athymic (calcium 95.5 +/- 24.5 micrograms/mg) and normal mice (calcium 102.3 +/- 4.66 micrograms/mg). Explants from nude mice demonstrated fewer adherent cells than those from normal animals, but the morphologic characteristics of the calcification were the same in both groups, with dystrophic mineralization of the spongiosa predominating. Thus, normal T-lymphocyte function is not necessary for porcine bioprosthetic calcification, and immunologic processes do not contribute to this process. PMID- 6604450 TI - Neutropenia, recurrent bacterial infections, and congenital deafness in patients with monocytopenia. Absence of peripheral blood colony-stimulating activity. AB - The factors that regulate granulopoiesis in vivo are unclear, but recent evidence suggests a role for monocytes; these cells produce a leukopoietin termed colony stimulating activity (CSA), which stimulates growth of colonies of myeloid cells in vitro. We describe a family in which three of four siblings had neutropenia with myeloid marrow hypoplasia, deafness, and monocytopenia. Two of the three affected siblings died of bacterial septicemia; the third sibling, who resided in a long-term care facility, remained relatively free of infections. Studies of this patient's peripheral blood disclosed deficient CSA production consistent with the virtual absence of monocytes. These findings support the purported role of monocytes as a source of peripheral blood leukopoietic factors. PMID- 6604451 TI - Common variable hypogammaglobulinemia in children. Clinical and immunologic observations in 30 patients. AB - We made clinical and immunologic observations of 30 children with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia. The mean age at diagnosis was 10.5 years, five years after clinical onset. Diagnosis was initially made based on a history of recurrent otobronchopulmonary infections, diarrhea, or both. The most common complications included short stature, bronchiectasis, and malabsorption, often associated with giardiasis or sprue. Nine patients had associated autoimmune diseases (eg, atrophic gastritis, arthritis, and hemolytic anemia). Three patients died, one of chronic respiratory insufficiency, one of chronic persisting hepatitis, and one of osteogenic sarcoma. Humoral and cellular immune functions of all patients were examined. PMID- 6604452 TI - Familial occurrence of Stevens-Johnson syndrome. PMID- 6604453 TI - Effect of splenic congestion associated with hemolytic anemia on mortality of rats challenged with Haemophilus influenzae b. AB - The effect of splenic congestion associated with acute hemolytic anemia on susceptibility to bacterial infection was investigated in rats inoculated with Haemophilus influenzae b by intranasal (in) or intravenous (iv) challenge. The rats were made anemic by phenylhydrazine treatment and were challenged with 10(6) (in) or 5 X 10(7) (iv) H influenzae b. Forty-eight hours after in inoculation of bacteria, the number of bacteria in the blood was 10 times greater in the anemic rats with extensive splenic congestion than in controls. After iv inoculation of bacteria, a significantly (P less than 0.001) higher mortality rate was found in the anemic rats with extensive splenic congestion and fewer bacteria were present in the spleens but not the livers, as compared to normal rats. Since phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anemia exhibited an extensive congestion in the spleen, higher mortality rate observed in the anemic rats challenged with H influenzae b may result, in part, from decreased intravascular clearance of bacteria by the spleen. PMID- 6604454 TI - Drug interference with renal function tests. PMID- 6604455 TI - Acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients with chronic renal disease. AB - In order to reassess the role of duodenal ulcers as a cause of acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients with chronic renal failure, 20 consecutive patients with moderate to severe chronic renal failure and a comparison group of patients without renal disease who were seen for acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage were reviewed. Gastric bleeding sites (gastric ulcer in 35 percent and gastritis in 20 percent) rather than duodenal ulcers were the most common sources of bleeding and were significantly associated with the use of ulcerogenic drugs. Patients with renal disease in whom acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage developed had significantly more morbidity and a trend toward higher mortality than the comparison group of patients without renal disease. It is concluded that gastric mucosal lesions, at least in part due to the use of ulcerogenic drugs, are the most common cause of significant acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients with chronic renal failure. PMID- 6604456 TI - Identification of high-risk pregnancy by the routine measurement of pregnancy specific beta 1-glycoprotein. AB - A prospective study of 1,040 women who underwent delivery during 1977 at St. Bartholomew's Hospital was undertaken to evaluate the role of measurement of maternal circulating pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) in the detection of high-risk pregnancy. A comparison of the predictive value of this test was also made with a variety of clinical, ultrasonic, and biochemical variables in the detection of high-risk pregnancies. The best antenatal predictors of fetal risk were severe preeclampsia and depressed maternal serum levels of human placental lactogen and SP1. It is suggested that measurement of SP1 may provide valuable information on fetal compromise in late pregnancy. PMID- 6604457 TI - Serologic and immunopathologic findings in temporal arteritis. AB - In 104 patients undergoing biopsies for temporal arteritis, lymphocyte characterization identified both T4 helper/inducer and T8 cytotoxic/suppressor lymphocytes in approximately equal numbers. B lymphocytes were absent. Deposition of IgM and IgG was observed in three of 16 positive biopsy specimens. Antinuclear antibodies were present in ten of 16 biopsy-proven cases of temporal arteritis compared with 19 of 55 in the control group with negative biopsy specimens. Anti smooth-muscle, anti-DNA, and antimitochondrial antibodies were not useful in distinguishing between the two groups. PMID- 6604458 TI - Aeromonas hydrophila and Plesiomonas shigelloides endophthalmitis. PMID- 6604460 TI - Observations of 23Na in frog skin by NMR. AB - The shift reagent dysprosium tripolyphosphate [Dy(PPPi)7-2] has been applied to the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study of 23Na in frog skin. The anion complex produces slight increases in the transcellular short-circuit current and conductance of the tissue. However, the electrophysiological responsiveness of the tissue to vasopressin, amiloride, and transient removal of extracellular potassium appear unimpaired. A large signal of [31P]phosphocreatine was also observed, further documenting that relatively little damage was produced by the reagent. Three signals of 23Na were observed, reflecting the sodium pools in an external standard solution, the extracellular space, and a medium relatively inaccessible to Dy(PPPi)7-2. The size of the reagent-insensitive signal could be increased by ouabain, a selective inhibitor of sodium extrusion, and could be decreased by amiloride, a selective inhibitor of sodium entry. The results indicate that the anion complex-insensitive signal reflects, at least in part, intracellular sodium and suggest that 23Na may become a useful complementary tool for monitoring the intracellular sodium content of transporting epithelia. PMID- 6604459 TI - Accelerated cellular recovery after an ischemic renal injury. AB - To determine the mode of action of the beneficial effect of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-MgCl2, recovery of microinjected inulin, proximal tubular pressure (PTP), and cellular damage as quantitated by histomorphometric analysis of necrosis and swelling were evaluated at 2, 6, and 24 hours after 45 minutes of renal ischemia in rats treated with either normal saline or ATP-MgCl2. At 2 hours both groups of rats demonstrated increased permeability to inulin, elevated PTP, and severe ischemic damage and necrosis. By 6 hours ATP-MgCl2 rats had less tubular back leak of inulin, PTP was modestly reduced, and ultrastructural studies demonstrated improved cellular morphologic features with evidence of early regenerative changes. The saline rats had progressive ischemic cellular damage. At 24 hours ATP-MgCl2 rats had reestablished tubular integrity, PtP had fallen, and ischemic alterations were improved, with only focal evidence of necrosis. Saline-treated rats still had a back leak of inulin, elevated PTP, and progressive ischemic injury. This study demonstrates that 1) cellular damage continues to occur for 6 hours after renal ischemia; 2) ATP-MgCl2 enhances recovery of tubular integrity and cellular morphologic features. The salutary effect of ATP-MgCl2 appears related to the preservation of sublethally injured cells and acceleration of the process of restoration and repair of damaged cells. PMID- 6604461 TI - Potassium effects on bone: comparison of two model systems. AB - Effects of elevated potassium on bone resorption and on the inhibition by ouabain of parathyroid hormone (PTH)-stimulated resorption were studied in neonatal mouse calvaria, fetal mouse limb bones, and fetal rat limb bones. Ouabain inhibited PTH stimulated resorption, and K at least partially reversed the inhibition by ouabain in all three systems. However, in contrast to calvaria, neither limb bone system was stimulated to resorb by increased K. Although the reversal of ouabain inhibition in all three systems was likely mediated by an effect on Na-K-ATPase, the resorptive effect of K alone must occur by a different mechanism because it was seen only in the calvaria. The production of prostaglandins may play a partial role in the mechanism of the stimulation of Ca release from calvaria by K. Potassium (35 mM) stimulated production of PGE2 by calvaria but not by limb bones. Indomethacin inhibited the increase in PGE2 in calvaria and partially blocked the stimulated bone resorption observed in response to K. The fetal rat limb bone cultures also differed from the mouse calvaria in being more readily inhibited by increased osmolarity. Thus, secondary effects may be responsible for the variant responses of different bone tissues to certain stimuli. PMID- 6604462 TI - Effects of ouabain and furosemide on basolateral membrane Na efflux of frog skin. AB - The kinetics of Na tracer fluxes were reinvestigated in isolated epithelia of frog skin in which the unstirred layers of the corium were removed. The rate of appearance of 22Na in the basolateral solution (JNa13) conformed to a single exponential for tracer buildup with a mean t1/2 of 1.9 min. The Na transport pool labeled isotopically from the apical solution was about 40 neq/cm2 for epithelia bathed in either a chloride or sulfate Ringer solution. Basolateral-to-apical solution unidirectional Na flux (JNa31) was low, averaging 0.7 microA/cm2 and remained low for 40 min of ouabain treatment of the epithelia. In agreement with electrophysiological data, ouabain at 10(-4) M caused an acute inhibition (less than 1 min) of the Na efflux at the basolateral membrane (JNa23), falling to 40.6 and 26.7% of control for epithelia bathed in Cl and SO4 Ringer, respectively. Although furosemide exerted little or no consistent effect on the Na flux of control epithelia, this drug in ouabain-poisoned epithelia caused a substantial inhibition of a neutral, chloride-dependent, ouabain-insensitive Na efflux. It is suggested that ouabain "induces" a neutral mechanism of Na transport at the basolateral membrane of the cells that is chloride dependent and furosemide sensitive. PMID- 6604463 TI - Permeability of single capillaries to intermediate-sized colored solutes. AB - The fiber matrix theory of capillary permeability was evaluated by measuring permeability coefficients to colored solutes with Stokes radii between 0.5 and 1.76 nm. In vivo calibration of a microscope photometer established the range of linearity for optical density measurements from a rectangular window that included the test capillary and surrounding tissue. In individually perfused capillaries of frog mesentery the following permeability coefficients, expressed as mean +/- SE X 10(5) cm/s were obtained: azure C (mol wt 277), 11.0 +/- 0.2; patent blue violet (566), 3.95 +/- 0.67; Evans blue (960), 1.15 +/- 0.23; microperoxidase (1,900), 1.13 +/- 0.31; and FITC-dextran 3 (3,400), 0.48 +/- 0.18. There is significant restriction to diffusion of all solutes larger than azure C. Fibers 0.5 nm in radius occupying 8.5% of the volume of intercellular junctions (area 2.2 X 10(-3) cm2/cm2, depth 0.6 X 10(-4) cm) account for the 22 fold range of measured permeabilities. The fiber density estimated is larger than that required to describe water flow through the junction. Negative charges on solutes larger than 0.5 nm radius may contribute to exclusion and restriction to diffusion in intercellular junctions. PMID- 6604465 TI - Morbidity and mortality after operation in nonbleeding cirrhotic patients. AB - The purpose of this study has been to provide information on the mortality and morbidity rates for operation on nonbleeding cirrhotic patients and to identify factors that portend a grave prognosis. A review of 102 cirrhotic patients who underwent a variety of major therapeutic operations revealed a mortality rate of 19.6 percent. Mortality rates were significantly increased (p less than 0.05) by emergency operation (45.8 percent), gastrointestinal related operation (27.6 percent), ascites (37.5 percent), a bilirubin concentration greater than 3.5 mg (44.4 percent), a prothrombin time increase greater than 2 seconds (36.1 percent), a partial thromboplastin time increase greater than 2 seconds (50 percent), an alkaline phosphatase concentration greater than 70 units (40.9 percent), an operative blood loss greater than 1,000 ml (33.3 percent), and the presence of one or more postoperative complications (39.6 percent). Mortality rates were not increased after extremity, genitourinary, or gynecologic operations, an albumin concentration less than 3 g, a serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase concentration greater than 40 units, hepatomegaly, and a history of previous gastrointestinal bleeding. When significant risk factors were added, mortality rates were significantly associated (p less than 0.001): zero to one factors 5.1 percent, two to three factors 19.4 percent, four to five factors 33.3 percent, and more than six factors 66.7 percent. The complication rate was 47.1 percent and included liver failure (42.2 percent), sepsis (18.6 percent), and bleeding (8.8 percent). Thus, in cirrhotic patients a clear need for operation must exist, liver function must be optimized preoperatively, and the most simple and expeditious procedure must be performed to avoid excessive blood loss and postoperative complications. PMID- 6604464 TI - The association of marijuana use with outcome of pregnancy. AB - We analyzed interview and medical record data of 12,424 women to evaluate the relationship between marijuana usage and adverse outcomes of pregnancy. Low birthweight, short gestation, and major malformations occurred more often among offspring of marijuana users. When we used logistic regression to control for demographic characteristics, habits, and medical history data, these relationships were not statistically significant. The odds ratio for the occurrence of major malformations among marijuana users was 1.36, higher than odds ratios for other exogenous variables, and the 95 per cent confidence interval was 0.97-1.91. More data are needed to establish firmly or rule out an association between marijuana usage and major malformations. Until more information is available, women should be advised not to use marijuana during pregnancy. PMID- 6604466 TI - [Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in the treatment of a peripheral lesion of the brachial plexus]. AB - This case report describes the clinical history of a patient on dialysis, who suffered from a lesion of the brachial plexus, secondary to a mechanical damage after attempted suicide. Therapy with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) revealed both sufficient analgesia and a striking improvement of the functional situation. Possible causes of the therapeutic success are discussed. The analgesia of TENS therapy, which has almost no side-effects, with the secondarily improved psychic situation, is regarded as the major responsible factor. This method appears to be a rewarding alternative in the treatment of pain syndromes secondary to peripheral nerve lesions. PMID- 6604467 TI - [Pulmonary artery rupture due to a Swan-Ganz catheter]. PMID- 6604468 TI - A family with the silent cholinesterase gene. PMID- 6604470 TI - [Study of immunologic reactivity during acute blood loss in labor]. PMID- 6604469 TI - Diazepam-fentanyl interaction--hemodynamic and hormonal effects in coronary artery surgery. AB - Diazepam has been reported to produce hypotension when administered with anesthetic doses of fentanyl. Twenty patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: group 1, no diazepam; groups 2, 3, and 4, 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mg X kg -1 of diazepam, respectively. All patients then received 50 micrograms X kg -1 fentanyl at 400 micrograms X min -1 and 0.4 mg X kg -1 metocurine at 2 mg X min -1. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded and blood was sampled for measurement of plasma catecholamine and histamine concentrations. Heart rate, cardiac index, stroke volume index, central venous pressure, pulmonary arterial and wedge pressures, and pulmonary vascular resistance did not change significantly in any group. Patients in groups 2-4 had significant decreases in mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance during fentanyl infusion. These hemodynamic changes were accompanied by decreases in plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels. These hemodynamic and hormonal changes did not occur in patients given fentanyl only. Plasma histamine levels did not change significantly in any group. Caution should be used when diazepam in doses as small as 0.125 mg X kg -1 are combined with high-dose fentanyl anesthesia. PMID- 6604471 TI - [Hemodynamics in the uncomplicated early postoperative period after aortocoronary bypass]. PMID- 6604472 TI - [Immunocorrective therapy in intensive care and resuscitation of patients with status asthmaticus]. PMID- 6604473 TI - Characterisation of the alpha 1-protease inhibitor system in Thoroughbred horse plasma by horizontal two-dimensional (ISO-DALT) electrophoresis. 2. Protease inhibition. AB - The protease inhibitory spectra of the eight homozygous Thoroughbred Pi types against trypsin, elastase and chymotrypsin have been determined. The alpha 1 protease inhibitor proteins exhibit three classes of inhibitory specificity towards these enzymes. The Pi types F, I, N and U exhibit class I (trypsin, elastase and chymotrypsin) and class II (trypsin and elastase) types of inhibition and fit Juneja et al.'s (1979) classification of two separate genetic systems Pi 1 and Pi 2 based on differences in the inhibitory spectra against trypsin and chymotrypsin. The remaining four Pi types are exceptions to Juneja et al.'s (1979) classification. Types G, L, S1 and S2 possess class I but not class II proteins. A third class of proteins (class III) which exclusively inhibit chymotrypsin was detected in all eight protease inhibitor types. Type G is well represented by class III proteins because two of the three major proteins of the ISO-DALT pattern inhibit only chymotrypsin and is thus an exception to Juneja et al.'s (1979) classification. PMID- 6604474 TI - A new occupational allergy due to frogs. AB - This report describes an extremely rare case of occupational allergy that developed in a frog handler. A 31-year-old female laboratory technician developed itching and urticaria one year after she began handling frogs and extracting their brains in the laboratory. Nine years later she noticed swelling of the right hand, stridor and dyspnea when she mistakenly injected her finger with a needle contaminated with extracts of frog brain. Specific IgE antibody to frog extracts was demonstrated by RAST and by P-K testing. However, no specific IgG antibody was found by agar gel diffusion or in heterologous PCA testing using guinea pigs. We suggest that allergic symptoms in this case were due to the development of Type I allergic reactivity to frog antigens. PMID- 6604475 TI - Shunts for portal hypertension. AB - Eighty-nine patients underwent 95 portasystemic shunts for portal hypertension at our institutions between June 1963 and March 1981. Ninety-three shunts were performed for bleeding varices. Procedures that were performed included 11 Warren shunts, 29 Linton shunts, 28 interposition mesocaval shunts, 26 classic portacaval shunts, and one umbilical to saphenous vein shunt. Thirty-six shunts were performed in Child class A patients (5.5% operative mortality), 37 in Child class B (16.2% operative mortality), and 22 in Child class c patients (36.3% operative mortality). Five-year survival for Child A patients was 74 per cent, 17.4 per cent for Child B patients and 26.3 per cent for Child C patients. Twelve of 14 patients (15.7%) who had recurrent postoperative upper gastrointestinal bleeding were found to have occluded shunts (two Warren, six Linton, one mesocaval, and three portacaval). Of 21 patients who became encephalopathic postoperatively, 17 had alcoholic liver disease. In 15 of these alcoholic patients who survived the immediate postoperative period, encephalopathy correlated directly with continued alcohol consumption. Several conclusions can be drawn from our data: portasystemic shunts can be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality; rebleeding generally indicates shunt occlusion; encephalopathy can be correlated with continued alcohol consumption after shunting; there appears to be little difference in survival and rebleeding in the various shunt procedures; the poor survival figures for Child B and C patients must make one seriously consider alternative procedures in these poor-risk candidates. PMID- 6604476 TI - [HLA antigens in infants with bronchiolitis]. AB - The frequency distribution of HLA antigen in 100 infants with bronchiolitis is compared to a control population of 100 healthy blood donors. No differences were found in the frequency distribution of both A and B antigens, but B 7 antigen was more frequently present in patients with bronchiolitis and increased serum IgE (47% VS 17% in the control group with normal serum IgE). Serum IgE was increased in 27% of the patients with bronchiolitis. The incidence of recurrent respiratory episodes was 62% in infants carrying the B 7 antigen whereas it was only of 14,5% in the whole series (pc less than 0,05). All infants with increased serum levels of IgE and recurrent respiratory episodes had the B 7 antigen. We believe that the presence of IgE and recurrent respiratory episodes had the B 7 antigen. We believe that the presence of B 7 antigen influence the clinical course of bronchiolitis in the sense that a high percent will present with recurrent respiratory episodes and increased levels of serum IgE. PMID- 6604477 TI - [Brucellosis in children]. AB - It has been studied in a series of 30 children affected of brucellosis, the most important epidemiologic, clinical and biologic characteristics. It has been emphasized the good response to the combined treatment of tetracycline and streptomycin. PMID- 6604478 TI - [Bone lesions caused by BCG dissemination mimicking histiocytosis X. Description of a case]. PMID- 6604480 TI - Sarcoidosis and the human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus. PMID- 6604479 TI - Left ventricular performance after coronary artery bypass surgery. Prediction of functional benefit. AB - Global left ventricular performance (ejection fraction) and regional function were studied by rest-exercise radionuclide ventriculography in 36 patients before and after (23 +/- 8.5 wk) they had coronary artery bypass surgery for stable angina pectoris. The exercise ejection fraction was less than the resting ejection fraction before surgery (n = 36,p = 0.006), but not after surgery. The degree of postoperative improvement correlated with the degree of preoperative dysfunction (r = 0.55, n = 36, p less than 0.001). Improvement was most likely to occur if exercise-induced dysfunction was present preoperatively (n = 15,p = 0.001), even with old myocardial infarction. Regional dysfunction during preoperative exercise was also likely to improve postoperatively (n = 18, p = 0.001). Protocol design is important in determining the results and their interpretation. Matching postoperative exercise loads to preoperative loads and using regional analysis with two imaging projections improved judgment of the results. Regional dysfunction was commoner than global dysfunction and was less sensitive to workloads than was ejection fraction. This study shows that coronary artery bypass surgery can improve left ventricular performance on exercise if preoperative tests indicate the presence of ischemia-induced dysfunction. PMID- 6604481 TI - Partial trisomy 7q in two siblings. AB - Trisomy for 7q32 leads to 7qter and monosomy for 9p24 leads to 9pter is observed in a sister and a brother, due to a balanced reciprocal translocation between the long arm of the chromosome 7 and the short arm of the chromosome 9 in the mother. The siblings are retarded mentally as well as in statomotoric development. This paper discusses the correlation between chromosomal states and certain deformities in patients with trisomies of different segments of 7q. PMID- 6604482 TI - [Trisomy of the short arm of 9 with isochromosome 9p and partial monosomy Yq]. AB - A patient with trisomy 9p in association with monosomy of the heterochromatic distal portion of the Y chromosome is reported. The rearrangement is probably due to malsegregation of a translocation 9p, Y and formation of an iso (9p). The phenotype of the patient is characteristic of trisomy 9p. There is a significant increase of GALT activity. PMID- 6604483 TI - Clinical features of monosomy 10qter. AB - The authors report a 10qter deletion in a 16-month-old boy. The patient's phenotype includes: low birth weight, mental and growth retardation, triangular facies, hypertelorism, prominent nasal bridge, malformed and low set ears, cryptorchidism. The karyotype was 46,XY,del(10)(q26.1 leads to qter). Cytogenetic analysis of both parents, including a search for the fragile site in the 10q25 region, were normal. The assignment of the human GOT structural gene to the 10q25.3 band is suggested. PMID- 6604484 TI - A case of 10p- syndrome. AB - A new case with partial deletion of the short arm of one chromosome 10 and multiple malformations is reported. PMID- 6604485 TI - Ring 13 in an adult male with a 13:13 translocation mother. AB - A male with a ring 13 chromosome [r(13)(p11q34)], mild mental retardation, short stature, oligoasthenospermia, and few dysmorphisms is reported. His mother who had a poor reproductive history is carrier of a t(13q13q), featuring a dicentric NOR-negative element. The clinical significance of the r(13) and the mother's unusual karyotype are discussed. PMID- 6604486 TI - De novo tandem duplication of the middle segment of the long arm of chromosome 14. AB - A boy with a peculiar face and slight psychomotor retardation was found to have a tandem duplication of segment 14q13-22. The karyotype was described as 46,XY, dir dup (14)(pter-q22::q13-q22::q22-qter), being trisomic for the segment. His parents were normal both phenotypically and cytogenetically. The clinical features of the propositus were compared with those of previously reported cases of trisomy 14q involving segment 14q13-22. PMID- 6604487 TI - Partial trisomy 1q and monosomy 18q due to a de novo t(1;18)(q25;q23). AB - A two-year-old girl trisomic for the segment 1q25 leads to qter and partially monosomic for band 18q23 as a consequence of a de novo t(1;18)(q25;q23) is reported. Most of the proposita's clinical findings have been described in the 1qter trisomy and some others in the 18q monosomy. This observation is interpreted as additional evidence of epi-, iso-, and hypostatic interactions at the chromosomal level. PMID- 6604488 TI - [Localization of the LDHA-GST3-ESA4 synthetic group on human chromosome 11. Analyses of the classic man-rodent hybrids and of a new type (not adhering to the wall)]. AB - Analysis of different human tissues showed that glutathione S-transferase (GST) of fibroblasts and leucocytes is GST3, an enzyme found in liver extracts by Board (1981). Consequently, the GST localized on human chromosome 11 by Silberstein and Shows (1981, 1982) is GST3. Analysis of tissue extracts showed a new GST band, very intense in muscle extracts and very weak or absent in other tissues, and called GSTM. Analysis of man-rodent hydrids showed synteny between LDHA, GST3, ESA4 and localization of this synteny group on chromosome 11. Analysis of discordant percentages and discordant types between markers favored the following assignments: LDHA on 11p12, GST3 on 11q13 leads to 11qter, ESA on 11q13 leads to 11q22. The present study suggests assignment of GST3 to 11q13 leads to 11q22. Different types of man-rodent hybrids are useful for human gene mapping. A new type hybrid, as used here (nonadhering to glass or plastic surfaces), appears useful because of rapid proliferation and growth in suspension, the latter feature facilitating culture and harvesting. PMID- 6604489 TI - New gene assignments in the baboon and new chromosome homoeologies with man. AB - Eight new gene assignments were demonstrated in the baboon (Papio papio, PPA) by cosegregation analysis of twelve hybrid clones obtained by fusion between PPA fibroblasts and a mouse cell line deficient in thymidine kinase. The following markers and syntenic groups were assigned: SOD1 to PPA3, GLO-ME1 to PPA-4, PGM2 to PPA5, CKBB-SORD to PPA7, LDHB to PPA11 and LDHA to PPA14. These localizations are in agreement wit hthe following homoeologies with the human karyotype: PPA3 HSA21, PPA4-HSA6, PPA5-HSA4, PPA7-HSA14 and 15, PPA11-HSA12, PPA14-HSA11. PMID- 6604490 TI - Partial trisomy 10q in three unrelated patients. AB - This communication describes three unrelated patients with growth and psychomotor retardation, multiple congenital anomalies, and dysmorphic features who were found to have trisomies for the different long arm segments of chromosome 10. After reviewing the clinical and cytogenetic data from the literature and our three patients we concluded that: a) There are at least two different clinical syndromes associated with long arm trisomy of chromosome 10 only one of which, the well known 10q trisomy syndrome, is characterized with specific clinical features. The only trisomic segment common in this latter group of patients with similar phenotype, yet with different trisomic segments, is the distal two bands, q25 and q26. Therefore the determinants for the well-delineated 10q trisomy syndrome seems to be located on the distal bands q25 and q26 and this syndrome would preferably be named "distal 10q trisomy syndrome". b) The patients with proximal and/or middle long arm segment trisomies of chromosome 10 are rare and they have yet undefined clinical features. PMID- 6604491 TI - [Unusual chromosomal rearrangement. An autosomal telomeric translocation on a multicentury satellited Y (Yqs) chromosome]. AB - A new born male infant with craniostenosis and minor phenotypic malformations was found to have a satellited Yq chromosome with, translocated on its satellite, a segment from the terminal part of the long arm of a presumed autosome 14. The rearrangement is de novo since the propositus' father has a non-rearranged satellited Y chromosome and he is, furthermore, a member of a family line in which a Yqs is transmitted in patrilineary fashion since 1668. Such and autosomal translocation on a satellited Y chromosome is a very rare event, because the abnormality makes up a double rearrangement on the same arm of a chromosome, with a three-century interval between the two phenomenons. A presumed partial trisomy 14q is associated with the clinical picture of the case. PMID- 6604492 TI - Familial deletion. AB - We report a retarded male with an unbalanced karyotype 45,XY,t(8;15) (p23;q12) showing small deletion of chromosome 8(p23 leads to pter) and 15(pter leads to q12). The same chromosome complement was also present in 4 normal family members over 3 generations. PMID- 6604493 TI - Trisomy 20p due to a paternal reciprocal translocation. AB - A mentally retarded boy with multiple malformations was found to have trisomy for the distal two-thirds of the short arm of chromosome 20 (trisomy 20p), resulting from a paternal translocation (5;20)(p15;p11). The patient had a cleft palate, a feature not present in other trisomy 20p patients. A review of the reported trisomy 20p patients indicates that their varied features do no constitute a readily recognizable clinical syndrome. PMID- 6604494 TI - Interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 3. AB - A patient with multiple congenital malformations and developmental delay is reported. Her karyotype is 46,XX,del(3)(q23q25). PMID- 6604495 TI - Herpes zoster ophthalmicus with contralateral hemiplegia: identification of cause. AB - A patient with herpes zoster ophthalmicus developed hemiparesis that at first responded to steroids but, when these were reduced, culminated in massive cerebral infarction and death. The cause was an extensive necrotizing arteritis of large and small cerebral arteries. Herpes-like virions were identified in smooth muscle cells of the middle cerebral artery. PMID- 6604496 TI - In vitro susceptibility of Mycobacterium fortuitum to amoxicillin or cephalothin in combination with clavulanic acid. AB - The comparative in vitro activity of cefoxitin, cephalothin, amoxicillin, and clavulanic acid in combination with the latter two agents against 13 isolates of Mycobacterium fortuitum was evaluated by agar dilution susceptibility testing. Amoxicillin was more active than cephalothin but less active than cefoxitin against the strains tested. Clavulanic acid in combination with these beta lactams usually improved the activity by one or two dilutions compared with the beta-lactams alone. PMID- 6604497 TI - Mechanism of resistance to some cephalosporins in Staphylococcus aureus. AB - The mechanism of resistance to some cephalosporins in Staphylococcus aureus strains was investigated with high-pressure liquid chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Drug inactivation by penicillinase was found to be the main mechanism of resistance to cefazolin, cephaloridine, and cephalothin in S. aureus. PMID- 6604498 TI - [Interleukin 2]. AB - Interleukin 2 (IL2) was discovered by Morgan et al. in 1976. Since then its unique functional property which induces the in vitro growth of antigen stimulated T cells, especially cytotoxic T cells (CTL) opened a way to establish the T cell clone and gave us a way to explore the nature of T cell receptor molecule. Several kinds of T lymphoma cell lines or T hybridomas of mouse or human origin which produce IL2 have been established and the biochemical and functional properties of IL2 have been extensively studied. One of the important findings in Immunology is the discovery that IL2 exerts its function through the receptor on the antigen-activated T cells as peptide hormone does. The antigen specific response of immunocompetent cells is assured by the antigen-specific appearance of IL2 receptor and by the fact that only the cells which have acquired the receptor can respond to IL2 to proliferate and differentiate to effector cells. Thus antigen-non-specific T cell factor such as IL2 can successfully function in the antigen-specific manner. Human IL2 cDNA has been cloned by the monumental achievement of Taniguchi et al. They determined the complete nucleotide sequence of IL2 cDNA and succeeded in the expression of IL2 cDNA in monkeys cell line, COS-7 cells. Their work gave us a chance to use pure IL2 which was produced by a cloned cDNA and thus a lot of reported studies on the functional properties of IL2 which have been done by using IL2 preparation contaminating a lot of other factors will be reevaluated and the true functions of IL2 will be established in near future. Up to present day, the in vivo effects of IL2 have not yet been established. Some encouraging studies showed the in vivo effects of IL2 and the successful therapeutic effects against tumor by co administration of IL2 with tumor-specific CTL. It is now possible to use the product of a cloned IL2 cDNA to investigate the in vivo effects of IL2. It is highly expected that the promising results will be obtained and the application of several kinds of lymphokines such as IL2 to clinical fields will become possible. PMID- 6604499 TI - [Effect of BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guerin) sensitization on the generation of tumor specific killer T cells]. AB - Effector cells of augmented resistance against a syngeneic MC-1 tumor in C57BL/6 mice sensitized with BCG were determined by Winn test, and the following results were obtained: Sensitization of mice with BCG (1.0 mg/mouse) augmented resistance against primary and secondary inoculation of MC-1 tumor. Peritoneal exudate cells of tumor-bearing mice showed a growth-inhibitory activity against MC-1 tumor in Winn test. Sensitization with BCG augmented such an activity of PEC. Augmented resistance was ascribed to a plastic dish-nonadherent, nylon wool column nonadherent and Thy 1.2-positive cells. PMID- 6604500 TI - T cell lymphocytosis with neutropenia. AB - A gross T cell lymphocytosis developed in an otherwise healthy 5 year old girl and has persisted for nearly 3 years. It is associated with neutropenia and seems to be typical of a rare adult disorder that may be a type of T cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. PMID- 6604501 TI - Infra-diaphragmatic total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage presenting with rectal bleeding. AB - A boy aged 1 month presented with profuse rectal bleeding. Chest x-ray film showed pulmonary oedema and at cardiac catheterisation infradiaphragmatic total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage to a dilated portal venous system was found. Ulcerated oesophageal varices were identified at necropsy after unsuccessful cardiac surgery. The late and unique presentation of this case is emphasised. PMID- 6604502 TI - Evaluation of circulating immune complexes and antinuclear antibodies in Japanese patients with leprosy. AB - In 79 patients with leprosy a significant increase of anti-extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) antibodies and circulating immune complexes (CIC) was found. No correlation between CIC and anti-ENA antibodies was demonstrable. Since such a correlation is known from antinuclear antibodies and CIC in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, it appears likely that anti-ENA antibodies do not play a causative role in CIC-mediated pathogenesis of leprosy. PMID- 6604504 TI - Polarised light microscopy: principles and practice for the rheumatologist. PMID- 6604503 TI - Immunocompetent cells in psoriasis. In situ immunophenotyping by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Immunocompetent cells in exacerbating untreated psoriasis vulgaris skin lesions were immunophenotypically studied by the application of a selection of monoclonal antibodies in a two-stage immunoperoxidase technique. Epidermal changes include: focal accumulation of immunoglobulins in the stratum corneum, as demonstrated by a mixture of monoclonal anti-kappa and anti-lambda antibodies; focal accumulation of OKM-1 positive but Mo-2 negative cells high in the epidermis, reflecting granulocytes in Munro's abscesses; a marked decrease in epidermal Langerhans cells with focal abnormal clumping and smaller dendrites, as demonstrated by monoclonal anti-HLA-DR and anti-T6 (OKT-6) antibodies; and, sporadic exocytosis of mainly T1 (Leu-1), T8 (Leu-2a) positive suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The dermal infiltrates were found to consist mainly of partically activated T1 (Leu-1), T4 (Leu-3a) positive T-helper/inducer cells with a smaller compartment of T1 (Leu-1), T8 (Leu-2a) positive suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocytes. These cells were found in close apposition to T6 (OKT-6), HLA-DR positive Langerhans cells and further accompanied by a minor compartment of OKM-1, Mo-2 positive monocytes. No B-cells or plasma cells could be demonstrated in the dermis. Natural killer cells were observed only incidentally. These results fit best with the hypothesis that psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory condition as a result of persistent stimulation of T cells by immunogen(s) of epidermal origin. PMID- 6604505 TI - Electrical behavior of the heart following high-potassium cardioplegia. AB - The electrical activity of the heart was studied in 25 patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting. Simultaneous surface electrocardiograms and bipolar atrial electrograms were monitored continuously from the onset of cardioplegic arrest until normal sinus rhythm was reestablished. Several observations were made. (1) Administration of cardioplegia promptly induced and maintained ventricular arrest in all patients. (2) Atrial activity was seen in 23 patients during global ischemia. (3) Following unclamping, the first sustained rhythm was atrial in 22 patients and was associated initially with high-grade atrioventricular block progressing to 1:1 conduction after a mean reperfusion time of 23 minutes. (4) The time required for complete electrical recovery varied directly with the cross-clamp time and the amount of cardioplegic solution used. (5) Only 3 patients required ventricular defibrillation. (6) In the postoperative period, supraventricular tachyarrhythmias developed in 6 patients. Their occurrence appeared to be related to prolonged atrial activity during the cross clamp period. Although cardioplegia administration maintained ventricular arrest, sustained atrial activity often was present, perhaps implying inadequate atrial protection and predisposing to atrial arrhythmias. Normal sinus rhythm was reestablished spontaneously in all patients. The atrial electrogram proved essential in the precise intraoperative recognition of cardiac rhythm. PMID- 6604506 TI - A comparison of volume loading and atrial pacing following aortocoronary bypass. AB - Although cold potassium cardioplegia provides adequate myocardial protection, transient hemodynamic and metabolic instability occasionally occurs after uncomplicated coronary bypass surgery. Two methods to increase cardiac output were compared 2 to 6 hours postoperatively in 24 patients recovering from elective coronary bypass operation. Volume loading increased cardiac index (CI) from 2.1 +/- 0.5 to 2.7 +/- 0.6 L/min/m2 by increasing left atrial pressure (LAP) from 8.6 +/- 3.6 to 13.0 +/- 4.1 mm Hg. Atrial pacing at a rate of 112 +/- 8 beats per minute increased CI from 2.4 +/- 0.5 to 2.7 +/- 0.8 L/min/m2 without a change in LAP. Ejection fraction by nuclear angiography did not change, but the calculated left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (stroke index/ejection fraction) increased with volume loading and decreased with atrial pacing--a decrease in diastolic compliance. Myocardial oxygen extraction did not change, but myocardial lactate extraction increased with volume loading and decreased with atrial pacing. Coronary sinus blood flow was measured in 5 patients and increased with both methods studied. Volume loading demonstrated that myocardial performance was normal and myocardial metabolism increased commensurate with the increase in work. Atrial pacing increased CI but resulted in anaerobic metabolism and a decrease in diastolic compliance. Volume loading rather than atrial pacing will improve CI without producing ischemia in the early postoperative period. PMID- 6604507 TI - Venous return after cross-clamping. PMID- 6604508 TI - Hemophilus influenzae pericarditis in adults. AB - We saw an unusual case of spontaneous Hemophilus influenzae purulent pericarditis in an adult. Counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) of the pericardial fluid may be used to make an early, accurate diagnosis. Treatment should include pericardectomy and immediate use of both ampicillin sodium and chloramphenicol sodium succinate, until the sensitivity of the organism is known. PMID- 6604509 TI - Age-related changes in PHA and allogeneic reactivity of human T lymphocytes. AB - In fifty-four healthy individuals aged from 22 to 53 the response of lymphocytes to PHA stimulation and to stimulation with allogeneic lymphocytes were determined. A linear age-related decrease in reactivity to PHA (r = 0.500, P less than 0.01), as well as to allogeneic stimulation (r = 0.351, P less than 0.01) was found. The correlation between these two parameters of T lymphocyte function was weak (r = 0.207, not significant). PMID- 6604510 TI - T lymphocytes modifying factors in sera of patients with Myasthenia gravis. AB - The examination of patients with Myasthenia gravis revealed that before thymectomy the number of T and B cells in the peripheral blood did not deviate from the norm. It was also observed that their sera contained factor stimulating T lymphocytes to the spontaneous rosette formation, theta antigen generation in xynogeneic system and hydrocortisone-resistant thymocytes. No factor inhibiting the spontaneous rosette formation by T lymphocytes or causing the transmission from Thy-1.2+ cells to Thy-1.2-cells was detected in these sera. Thymectomy resulted in the immediate fall of T lymphocytes number in the peripheral blood of the patients examined. Besides, serum of most patients almost totally lost the stimulating factor. The fall of T cells number did not involve the appearance of the inhibitory factor in the patients' serum. Different than in others results gave blood and serum analysis in the patient tymectomized 10 years earlier. Her blood contained the normal number of T and B lymphocytes and the stimulatory factor of a "limited" activity. It displayed only the ability of generating hydrocortisone-resistant cells, it appeared nonactive in generating theta antigen or restoring the ability of rosette formation by T cells. PMID- 6604511 TI - Morphological and biochemical studies on experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in inbred lines of chickens. AB - An attempt to establish the relation between morphological and biochemical indices determining the inflammatory state in brain after induction of allergic encephalomyelitis in chickens was taken up. Symptoms of encephalomyelitis were accompanied by the changes within T and B lymphocyte population and by distinct increase of activity of trypsin inhibitor and content of sialic acid in blood serum. PMID- 6604512 TI - Coexistent carotid and coronary artery disease. Surgical management. AB - We performed simultaneous coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and carotid endarterectomy (CE) in 42 patients (average age, 61 years). Twenty-nine patients had preoperative transient ischemic attacks. Carotid arteriography showed stenosis (greater than 70%) in 38 subjects and extensive ulcerated lesions in two, and two emergency patients were not studied. Carotid artery dissection and sternotomy were simultaneously performed and the patients were cannulated for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We undertook CE (22 left and 24 right) using EEG monitoring prior to CPB in all but one patient. The average carotid occlusion time was 25 minutes without a shunt in 23 patients and 5.5 minutes with a shunt in 19 patients. After CE, CABG was performed with an average aortic clamp time of 39 minutes and an average CPB time of 87 minutes. The operative mortality was 5% (2/42). There were no strokes or perioperative myocardial infarctions. Neurologic morbidity consisted of postoperative headache in one patient, transient upper extremity weakness in two patients, and transient facial weakness in one patient. The average length of postoperative hospitalization was ten days. Currently, patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease and concomitant carotid bruits with positive noninvasive testing and arteriography should have simultaneous repair of these lesions. PMID- 6604513 TI - Acute toxoplasmic encephalitis in a normal adult. AB - Acute encephalitis associated with an impressive skin rash developed in an otherwise healthy man. Brain biopsy findings were not diagnostic, but serologic data confirmed the diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis. The patient improved after antimicrobial therapy with pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine, but he was left with neurologic deficits. PMID- 6604514 TI - Usher's syndrome. Ophthalmic and neuro-otologic findings suggesting genetic heterogeneity. AB - The conditions of 70 patients with Usher's syndrome were studied by ophthalmic and neuro-otologic examinations. Two distinct clinical and presumed genetic types were discernible on the basis of differences in hearing impairment, vestibular sensitivity, and, to a lesser extent, deterioration in retinal photoreceptor function. Distinguishing these two types has relevance for both diagnosis and genetic counseling of patients with Usher's syndrome. PMID- 6604515 TI - Ocular findings following intravitreal silicone injection. AB - In three cases of intraocular silicone oil injection in which the histologic picture is observed at different time intervals, emphasis is given to the fact that fibrous tissue formation around silicone vesicles is a rather constant complication and of early occurrence. Thus, we believe that the removal of liquid silicone from the eye should not take place later than two or three months after the injection. In our first reported case, there was an association of silicone oil injection and vitrectomy with retinal detachment procedures and sympathetic ophthalmia. In the absence of evident histologic or clinical proof, we do not consider silicone oil injection itself as having induced the mechanisms of sympathetic ophthalmia. PMID- 6604516 TI - Vestibular asymmetry. Some theoretical and practical considerations. AB - Pathological vestibular asymmetry can be divided into static and dynamic types. Static asymmetry results from a unilateral change of the resting neural input. Acute, chronic, and recovery stages can be recognized if one interprets the direction and intensity of the resultant spontaneous nystagmus relative to the clinical picture. Static asymmetry is additive with induced asymmetry and manifests itself as directional preponderance or as the direction-fixed or direction-changing feature of positional nystagmus. Dynamic asymmetry refers to abnormal asymmetry induced by normal head movements. For example, with unilateral hypofunction, a greater gain is observed with head movement toward the unaffected side, suggesting nonlinearity as specified by Eswald's second law. Visually induced vestibular asymmetry is a form of dynamic asymmetry generated by convergence of visual-vestibular information, and causing symptoms in certain "motion-active" visual environments. PMID- 6604517 TI - The effect of amphetamine on head and eye movements following vestibular stimulation in squirrel monkeys. AB - The effect of a single dose intra-muscular injection of amphetamine sulfate on head and eye movements evoked by vestibular stimulation was investigated in squirrel monkeys. Doses injected were 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2 mg/kg, and control no injections. Amphetamine did not change the gain of vestibular evoked head and eye movements, but prolonged time constant (in function of dose) showing greater effect in eye movements. More than 0.3 mg/kg was found to be a proper dose for this species to maintain an appropriate constant alertness level for vestibular studies. PMID- 6604518 TI - Malignant lymphoma presenting as a parotid mass. AB - Primary malignant lymphomas of the salivary glands are very rare. Three cases of diffuse B-cell malignant lymphomas, each developing as a parotid mass, were presented. The preoperative early diagnosis is essential in these cases to avoid an unnecessary radical procedure as well as to have a beneficial effect on the prognosis. If there were a possibility of malignant lymphoma, present authors stressed that an incisional biopsy should be performed for diagnosis. The usefulness of immunopathological diagnosis of these tumors has been discussed with regards to the prognosis. PMID- 6604519 TI - Traumatic gastric ulceration. AB - A case of acute gastric ulceration is described which resulted from direct blunt trauma to the stomach. This produced significant haemorrhage ten days after the injury which was successfully managed by conservative means. PMID- 6604520 TI - Chromatin organization in frog Purkinje neurons during the annual cycle: cytochemical and ultrastructural studies. AB - Feulgen-DNA microdensitometric and propidium Iodide-DNA (PI-DNA) microfluorometric evaluations were made in Purkinje cells of cerebella from hibernating frogs and from active frogs. Higher Feulgen-DNA/distribution area ratios and lower PI-DNA values were found in the hibernating frog (both at high and low fluorochrome concentrations). These data indicate a higher degree of chromatin compactness. During the activity period, the Feulgen-DNA/distribution area ratios are lower and the Feulgen-DNA content is higher; the corresponding higher PI-DNA values indicate a lower degree of chromatin condensation. Histochemical and ultrastructural data show clearly different distribution patterns of chromatin and ribosomes in the two periods. The overall results underscore lower activity of neurons and a greater homogeneity within the Purkinje cell population during hibernation. PMID- 6604521 TI - Methionine in rabbit alpha 1-proteinase inhibitors. PMID- 6604522 TI - The pH-dependence of class B and class C beta-lactamases. AB - The classification by structure allots beta-lactamases to (at present) three classes, A, B and C. The pH-dependence of the kinetic parameters for class B and class C have been determined. They differ from each other and from class A beta lactamases. The class B enzyme was beta-lactamase II from Bacillus cereus 569/H/9. The plots of kcat against pH for the hydrolysis of benzylpenicillin by Zn(II)-requiring beta-lactamase II and Co(II)-requiring beta-lactamase II were not symmetrical, but those of kcat/Km were. A similar feature was observed for the hydrolysis of both benzylpenicillin and cephalosporin C by a class C beta lactamase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results have been interpreted by a scheme in which two ionic forms of an intermediate can give product, but do so at differing rates. PMID- 6604523 TI - Structural and circular-dichroism studies on the interaction between human C1 esterase inhibitor and C1s. AB - The reaction between complement factor C1s and C1-esterase inhibitor has been investigated by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, N terminal amino acid analysis and c.d. studies. It is confirmed that a very stable stoichiometric 1:1 complex with a molecular weight of about 180000 is formed, involving the light chain of C1s. On the sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gels a small peptide with a molecular weight of about 5000 can be seen, which may be released from the C-terminal portion of the inhibitor moiety in a manner analogous to that occurring in other similar proteinase-inhibitor reactions. By N terminal amino acid analysis, a newly formed threonine residue is found in the complex, suggesting that the inhibitor peptide chain is cleaved in the complex between C1s and C1-esterase inhibitor. The stabilizing bond may therefore be an ester bond. C.d. studies of the native C1-esterase inhibitor indicated the presence of about 38% alpha-helix, about 24% beta-structure and about 38% unordered structure. By gradual cleavage of the disulphide bridges under non denaturating conditions, gradual changes in the c.d. spectra occurred, suggesting loss of ordered secondary structures. The c.d. spectra of the complex between C1s and C1-esterase inhibitor indicate that tryptophan residues are affected by the complex-formation. PMID- 6604524 TI - The effects of 24R,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and of 1 alpha,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol on ornithine decarboxylase activity and on DNA synthesis in the epiphysis and diaphysis of rat bone and in the duodenum. AB - The effect of cholecalciferol metabolites on ornithine decarboxylase activity and on DNA synthesis in developing long bones was investigated in vitamin D-depleted rats. In the epiphysis there was a 6.4-fold increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity 5 h after a single injection of 24R,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol but not of 24S,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol or other vitamin D metabolites. In comparison, in the diaphysis and duodenum, 1 alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, but not other vitamin D metabolites, caused a 3-3.5-fold increase in the enzyme activity. The enzyme activity in the tissues examined attained a maximal value at 5 h after the injection of the metabolites. The activity of ornithine decarboxylase in the epiphysial region increased dose-dependently as the result of a single injection of 24R,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and attained a maximal value at a dose between 30 and 3000 ng. In addition, administration of 24R,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, but not 24S,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol or other metabolites, caused within 24 h a 1.7-2.0-fold increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA of the epiphyses of tibial bones. In comparison, 1 alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol caused a 1.5 fold increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA of the diaphyses and of the duodenum. The present data indicate that 24R,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol is involved in the regulation of epiphyseal growth, whereas 1 alpha,25,dihydroxycholecalciferol stimulates the proliferation of cells in the diaphysis of long bones and in the intestinal mucosa. PMID- 6604525 TI - The control of adenosine concentration in polymorphonuclear leucocytes, cultured heart cells and isolated perfused heart from the rat. AB - Rat polymorphonuclear leucocytes or neonatal-rat heart cells in culture were treated with 2'-deoxycoformycin and 5-iodotubercidin at concentrations that inhibited adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4) and adenosine kinase (EC 2.7.1.20) inside the intact cells, and the rate of adenosine accumulation was determined. The basal rate of adenosine formation was 2% (polymorphonuclear leucocytes) or 9% (heart cells) of the maximal activity of adenosine kinase also measured in intact cells. Greatly increased rates of adenosine formation were observed during adenine nucleotide catabolism. This condition also led to a decrease in adenosine kinase activity. When isolated rat hearts were perfused with 5-iodotubercidin alone at a concentration which inhibited adenosine kinase, no increase in tissue or perfusate adenosine or inosine concentration was observed. However, perfusion with hypoxic buffer or infusion of adenosine into the coronary circulation at a rate (20 nmol/min) equivalent to 40% of the activity of adenosine kinase caused large increases in effluent perfusate adenosine and inosine concentrations. These data argue unanimously against the existence of a substrate cycle controlling adenosine concentration. They suggest instead that an increase in the rate of adenosine formation is the principal cause of elevations in adenosine concentration during ATP catabolism. PMID- 6604526 TI - Duration of the calcium signal in the mitogenic stimulation of thymocytes. AB - An increase in the free cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration in thymocytes can be detected by the fluorescent indicator quin 2 within a few seconds of the addition of concanavalin A and the response is quantified from the increased proportion of quin 2 in the cells chelated by Ca2+ ('% Ca-quin 2'). The % Ca-quin 2 in untreated cells is 53 +/- 6%, increases to 64 +/- 7% immediately after the addition of concanavalin A and declines spontaneously over 24 h back to the level in untreated cells (53 +/- 6%). The increase in % Ca-quin 2 in response to concanavalin A is completely blocked when 50 mM-alpha-methyl D-mannoside is added before concanavalin A and completely reversed when the competing sugar is added immediately after the mitogen. Addition of alpha-methyl D-mannoside at increasing intervals after concanavalin A addition causes a progressively smaller decrease in % Ca-quin 2 and has a negligible effect after 24 h, when the % Ca-quin 2 is the same as that in untreated cells. The decline in the calcium signal defined by these experiments has a similar time course to cap formation by concanavalin A on the cells. It is concluded that the calcium signal lasts only while concanavalin A is bound to the cell surface and is terminated either by capping or by the addition of alpha-methyl D-mannoside. PMID- 6604527 TI - Cordycepin analog of (A2'p)2A: evidence that it functions as a prodrug of cordycepin. AB - The effect of the cordycepin trimer analog of (A2'p)2A on cell growth, cell viability and nucleic acid synthesis was assessed in human colon carcinoma cell line HT-29 in vitro. The cordycepin analog, (3'dA2'p)2(3)'dA reduced 24 hr cell growth by 50% at 10(-4)M and decreased cell viability by 98% under these conditions. The cytotoxicity and inhibitory effects of (3'dA2'p)2(3)'dA on DNA and RNA synthesis were potentiated 5-10-fold by the presence of the adenosine deaminase inhibitor, 2'-deoxycoformycin, and closely resembled those of the parent drug, cordycepin. Chromatographic analyses of the stability of (3'dA2'p)2(3)'dA in the tissue culture medium indicated that it was hydrolyzed to the dimer and monomer forms with a half life of approximately 2 hr. No intact (3'dA2'p)2(3)'dA was detectable intracellularly, but large concentrations of cordycepin nucleotide metabolites were formed, particularly in the presence of 2' deoxycoformycin. PMID- 6604528 TI - A study of monooxygenase activity in human placental homogenates: in vitro behaviour towards a number of substrates and inhibitors. AB - The in vitro effects of cimetidine, metyrapone, SKF-525A and alpha-naphthoflavone on the monooxygenase activity in human placental tissue have been determined by indirect fluorimetric assay methods in placental homogenates from five maternal smokers. The inhibitor concentrations producing half-maximum inhibition (I50 values) were calculated for the O-deethylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin and 7 ethoxyphenoxazone, and the hydroxylation of 2,5-diphenyloxazole. The results indicate that cimetidine is a weak inhibitor of the placental monooxygenase system, resembling metyrapone and SKF-525A in its effects rather than alpha naphthoflavone. Characterization of the behaviour of the three substrates towards placental monooxygenase activity indicates a much greater enzymic affinity for 7 ethoxyphenoxazone than for 7-ethoxycoumarin or 2,5-diphenyloxazole. PMID- 6604529 TI - The effects of IgM rheumatoid factor on EAM and EAG rosette formation with Fc receptor-bearing lymphoid cells. AB - IgM rheumatoid factors (IgM-RF) and IgM from normal donors (IgM-C) were tested for their effects on rosette formation of Fc receptor (FcR)-bearing lymphoid cells with IgM- or IgG-coated bovine red blood cells (EAM or EAG). All cell populations tested bearing FcR for IgG (FcRG) showed reduced numbers of EAG rosettes formed in the presence of IgM-RF; IgM-C had no effect on EAG rosette formation with FcRG-bearing cells. T cells or L cells bearing FcRM showed reduced numbers of EAM rosettes in the presence of any IgM preparation. In addition, IgM RF facilitated EAG-rosette formation with TM cells. These studies confirm that native IgM can bind to FcRM, blocking EAM rosettes, and that IgM-RF can modulate the binding of an IgG-containing immune complex to FcR-bearing cells. PMID- 6604530 TI - Sharing of HLA haplotype by parents of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Forty-four families were studied for the relationships between HLA and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Nine families had more than 1 member with SLE; haplotype sharing between SLE patients within a family was no greater than expected by chance. Fourteen of 236 relatives had antinuclear antibodies (ANA); the frequency of haplotype sharing between SLE patients and ANA-positive relatives was no greater than expected by chance. One HLA-A,B haplotype was shared by 7 of 35 parent pairs, a frequency (20%) significantly greater (P = 0.004) than in 2 groups of normal controls (3.1% and 5%). These data provide evidence for HLA-linked genes operating recessively in the expression of SLE. PMID- 6604531 TI - Comparative study of the gastrointestinal tolerability of tolmetin and 4' acetamidophenyl-2-(5'-p-toluyl-1'-methylpyrrole) acetate (AU-8001). AB - The comparative gastrointestinal (GI) tolerability of 4'-acetamidophenyl-2-(5'-p toluyl-1'-methylpyrrole) acetate (AU-8001), tolmetin and placebo have been studied in rat through a radioactive quantification method with Fe-59 of the GI microbleeding. The drugs were given orally at equimolecular doses of AU-8001 and sodium tolmetin equivalent to 100 mg/kg/day of tolmetin acid. Four days administration of sodium tolmetin induced significant increases of fecal radioactivity (p less than 0.005) whereas no difference was observed between animals treated with equimolecular doses of AU-8001 and control animals. The fecal elimination of radioactivity in the animals treated with sodium tolmetin was also significantly higher than in animals receiving AU-8001 (p less than 0.02). PMID- 6604532 TI - Pharmacological and biochemical studies on binodaline. PMID- 6604533 TI - [Clinical and physiological aspects of high voltage currents]. PMID- 6604534 TI - Effects of tendamistate (alpha-amylase inactivator) on starch metabolism. PMID- 6604535 TI - Role of "lymphotoxin" in the local anti-tumour action associated with inflammation caused by delayed hypersensitivity responses or intralesional BCG. I. Variations in response of different syngeneic mouse tumours. AB - The anti-tumour effect induced by a delayed hypersensitivity response (DHSR) unrelated to the tumour or by intra-tumoural inoculation of BCG was studied with 6 syngeneic mouse tumours. The growth of the tumours was followed i.p. or s.c. in suitably sensitized animals either in the presence or absence of the specific antigen required to elicit a DHSR. In a Winn-type assay the growth of tumour cells admixed with sensitized lymphocytes was also determined with and without the eliciting antigens. In addition, the effect of admixing different amounts of BCG with the tumour cells was studied on the growth of the tumours in vivo. The different tumours varied widely in their susceptibility to growth inhibition by a DHSR reaction and by BCG but their order of sensitivity was the same in all of the tests. Analysis of the effector population in the Winn test coupled with the inability to observe an anti-tumour action in mice with defective T-cell function showed that the effector mechanism involved allergized T-cells or more probably products released when these were confronted with the specific antigen. In vitro the relative susceptibility of the different tumour cells to killing by activated macrophages and by NK cells was quite different to that found for in vivo growth inhibition but the in vitro response to lymphotoxin of the different tumours paralleled that produced by inflammation in vivo. PMID- 6604536 TI - Severe airways obstruction as a presenting feature of pulmonary histiocytosis-X: a case report. AB - A case of pulmonary histiocytosis-X is reported in which physiological changes of severe airways obstruction were a presenting feature and which illustrates the value of electron microscopy in the diagnosis of advanced histiocytosis. PMID- 6604538 TI - Human epidermal Langerhans cells induce cellular immune response to trichophytin in dermatophytosis. AB - Human epidermal cell suspensions were prepared from patients sensitized to trichophytin. The cells were 75% to 95% viable, and contained 2% to 6% Langerhans cells as judged by immunofluorescence staining with an anti-DR antiserum. T lymphocytes from the same patients were co-cultured with trichophytin, with or without epidermal cells or macrophages. Proliferative T-cell response to trichophytin was obtained in cultures containing epidermal cells or macrophages. Pretreatment of the epidermal cells with anti-DR antiserum abolished the response, but normal rabbit serum did not, indicating that HLA-DR positive Langerhans cells are able to induce the cellular immune response to trichophytin. These data indicate that Langerhans cells play an important role in dermatophytosis. PMID- 6604537 TI - Fractionation of human tumour-associated cells by centrifugal elutriation to establish lymphocyte, macrophage and tumor cell cultures from a single tumour biopsy. AB - The application of the Beckman centrifugal elutriator system for the simultaneous isolation of lymphocytes, macrophages and tumour cells from enzyme disaggregated tumour-associated cells or from peritoneal aspirates is described. Using this technique we have been able to prepare cultures of these cells from single human tumour biopsies. Overall cellular recovery was always in excess of 70% and the purity of cell fractions varied between 89 and 99%. Lymphocyte fractions were found to be free of tumour cell contamination and this allowed lymphocyte cultures in T-cell growth factor containing medium to be established. Using this approach it should prove possible to investigate the clonal effector functions of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes against autologous and allogeneic tumour cells. PMID- 6604539 TI - Trigeminal trophic syndrome. PMID- 6604540 TI - Epidermal nuclear fluorescence. PMID- 6604541 TI - T-lymphocytes escape membrane defect in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria. AB - Erythrocytes, granulocytes and platelets from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) are abnormally sensitive to lysis by complement. We studied T-lymphocytes from PNH patients for abnormal complement lysis sensitivity. T lymphocytes free of other contaminating blood cells were prepared by sedimentation, nylon wool filtration, and density gradient centrifugation. The lymphocytes were then labelled with 51Cr and lysis induced by antithymocyte globulin and rabbit complement. PNH lymphocytes were no more susceptible to complement-mediated lysis than lymphocytes from normal individuals. The unusual sensitivity of PNH erythrocytes could still be demonstrated when rabbit serum was a source of complement so the lack of any difference in the sensitivity of normal and PNH lymphocytes was probably not attributable to the inability of rabbit serum to elicit the membrane defect. PNH erythrocytes and granulocytes also acquire more membrane-bound C3 when human complement is activated. Therefore we also searched for increased membrane C3 binding on PNH lymphocytes using anti-I antibody and human serum as a complement source. C3 binding was measured using 125I labelled monoclonal mouse anti-human C3. While we verified increased membrane C3 binding on PNH granulocytes during complement activation we were unable to show similar differences between PNH and normal T-lymphocytes. Thus PNH T-lymphocytes do not share the membrane abnormalities of PNH-erythrocytes and granulocytes. PMID- 6604542 TI - The ultrastructural morphology of T lymphocytes in B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a study with monoclonal antibodies and the immunogold technique. AB - T-lymphocytes from five patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B CLL) were analysed by light (LM) and electron microscopy (EM) by means of the immunogold technique with monoclonal antibodies combined with E rosettes. LM analysis confirmed the existence of a population of E+ lymphocytes unreactive with the OKT3 monoclonal antibody. The EM study showed that E+ lymphocytes from B CLL can be distinguished morphologically from the leukaemic B-cells which were identified by their labelling with FMC4 (anti HLA-Dr). Within the E+ fraction two cell types were seen which differed both in reactivity with OKT3 and ultrastructural morphology. T3+ lymphocytes are similar to normal T3+, T4+ cells: they have high nucleocytoplasmic (N/C) ratio and few cytoplasmic organelles. Their reactivity with OKT3 is, however, considerably weaker than that of normal T3+ lymphocytes. T3- (E+) lymphocytes, on the other hand, are characterized by low N/C ratio, active Golgi, lysosomal granules and parallel tubular arrays. These cells resemble normal T gamma lymphocytes which comprise cells with the membrane phenotypes: T3+, T8+, M1- and T3-, T8-, M1+. These results provide further evidence for a T-cell imbalance in B-CLL and help define better the cellular basis for this abnormality. PMID- 6604543 TI - Phenotypic conversion of acute leukaemia from T-lymphoblastic to myeloblastic induced by therapy with 2'-deoxycoformycin. AB - A 6-year-old boy with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in relapse was treated with the adenosine deaminase inhibitor, 2'-deoxycoformycin (DCF). Remarkably, his residual leukaemia underwent an abrupt phenotypic shift, coincident with a massive anti-leukaemic effect of DCF. Both at diagnosis and prior to therapy with DCF, blast cells had typical lymphoblastic morphology and T cell characteristics (terminal transferase +, T-antigen +, Ia -, cALLa -, myeloperoxidase -, and high in adenosine deaminase content). After four courses of DCF by constant infusion, the blast cells were myeloid in appearance and reactivity to a variety of tests (terminal transferase -, myeloperoxidase +, Sudan black B +, esterase +, My-1 +). We hypothesize that DCF therapy created a selection pressure, blocking pathways of T-cell differentiation and proliferation, permitting the emergence of a newly dominant myeloid subclone of a multipotential leukaemic cell progenitor with the innate capacity for both T lymphocytic and myeloid differentiation. PMID- 6604544 TI - Changes in histone H3 composition and synthesis pattern during lymphocyte activation. AB - Freshly isolated human lymphocytes were found to synthesize histones at a significant rate even though no DNA was being synthesized. The synthesis pattern of histone variants in resting lymphocytes is similar to that found in other quiescent cells and different from that found in S-phase cells. For this reason, the histone synthesis in resting lymphocytes cannot be attributed to contamination by S-phase cells. Stimulation by the mitogen phytohemagglutinin resulted in a dramatic switch in the histone H3 variant synthesis pattern as well as a readily apparent change in the histone H3 mass pattern. Thus, the chromatin of activated lymphocytes has a different histone H3 variant composition than resting or quiescent lymphocytes. It is suggested that the proportion of H3.3 in the mass pattern of the chromatin of a cell may be related solely to how long that cell has been quiescent. Inducing resting lymphocytes to synthesize DNA by UV irradiation did not qualitatively change the histone variant synthesis pattern. No S-phase H3 variants were induced by the repair process. Furthermore, the quantity of histone synthesized neither increased nor decreased after treatment with UV light. PMID- 6604545 TI - Biosynthesis of uroporphyrinogens. Interaction among 2-(aminomethyl)bilanes and the enzymatic system. PMID- 6604547 TI - 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase from cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: biosynthesis, identification, quantitation, molecular size of the 2',5'-oligoadenylates, and inhibition of protein synthesis. PMID- 6604546 TI - Redetermination of the rate-limiting step in the activation of factor IX by factor XIa and by factor VIIa/tissue factor. Explanation for different electrophoretic radioactivity profiles obtained on activation of 3H- and 125I labeled factor IX. PMID- 6604548 TI - The temperature dependence of creatine kinase fluxes in the rat heart. AB - A 31P nuclear magnetic resonance saturation transfer method was used to measure the temperature dependence of creatine kinase-catalysed fluxes in Langendorff perfused rat hearts. A decrease in temperature from 37 to 4 degrees C lowered the observed steady-state fluxes by about 80%. These data were used in conjunction with calculated changes in substrate concentrations with temperature to estimate the activation energy for creatine kinase in situ. The apparent activation energy of 42 kJ/mol agrees reasonably well with the range of literature values for the enzyme in vitro. This demonstrates that the reaction is not diffusion-limited in situ and that extraction and dilution of the enzyme for study in vitro does not alter fundamental kinetic properties of the enzyme exhibited in the intact tissue. PMID- 6604550 TI - [Intracardiac neurogenic regulation of the rate of excitation conduction in the atrioventricular area of the heart. I. Dependence of the effect on the moment of stimulus application in spontaneous and artificially stabilized rhythms of the heart beat]. AB - The influence of the intracardiac reflectory system on the atrioventricular propagation in the experiments on the isolated frog's heart has been investigated. The ability of the intracardiac reflectory cholinergic activation to accelerate or reduce the atrioventricular propagation was confirmed. Both effects remain on the background of the artificially stabilized heart rhythm. The dromotropic effect direction was shown not to be connected with the electrocardiogram (ECG) phase at which the stimulus has been given; the positive or negative dromotropic effect can appear giving the stimulus at the same phase of the ECG. But there is a strong correlation between the moment of the stimulation and the dromotropic effect intensity. The most high degree of the acceleration and inhibition appears when the stimulus is given near the P component of the ECG. PMID- 6604549 TI - Model interpretation of visual-vestibular interaction in patients with labyrinthine and cerebellar pathologies. AB - Oculomotor responses to combined optokinetic and vestibular stimulations in labyrinthine and cerebellar defective patients are discussed in terms of parametric changes in a model describing the interaction between the vestibulo ocular reflex (VOR) and the optokinetic reflex (OKR). By making a few reasonable hypotheses about model parameter variations in relation to the type of pathology, the experimental results obtained by several authors can correctly be predicted and explained by the model. The model can therefore be used to define a set of parameters giving an estimate of the state of the system subserving VOR-OKR interaction in the examined patients. The model is also shown to be a powerful tool to assess the validity and the diagnostic significance of the procedures used to test VOR-OKR interaction. PMID- 6604551 TI - Diffusion profiles of Na+-fluorescein in frog ventricular muscle. AB - Frog ventricular muscle strips were placed in a single sucrose-gap chamber to measure the interdiffusion of solutes across the sucrose-Ringer's solution partition. Steady-state diffusion profiles of fluorescein sodium developed along the axis of the muscle in the physiological node by continuously perfusing the sucrose pool with 210-mM sucrose plus fluorescein (5-10 mM). Fluorescein was found to diffuse freely through the extracellular space of the ventricular muscle without binding to the tissue. The fluorescence of Na+-fluorescein in the muscle (measured at 530 +/- 30 nm) varied linearly with the dye concentration in the sucrose perfusate. The diffusion profiles of dye in the test node depended on the tightness or snaring of the muscle strip by the latex diaphragms, the diameter of the muscle strip, and changes in hydrostatic pressure between the sucrose and Ringer's solution pools. Fluorescein concentration in the cross section of test node closest to the latex partition (sucrose-Ringer's solution interface) ranged between 4-13% of the dye concentration in the sucrose pool. These values are more than five times smaller than those estimated theoretically, assuming free diffusion. The experimental findings indicate that the presence of a physical barrier, such as a rubber diaphragm, limits free interdiffusion of solutes across the sucrose gap. The presence of such a barrier thus prevents large concentration gradients from occurring in the extracellular spaces along the physiological node. PMID- 6604552 TI - The common acute lymphoid leukemia antigen on b cells of chronic lymphoid leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - Fourteen out of 21 non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and 3/11 chronic lymphoid leukemia cells (CLL) had the common acute lymphoid leukemia antigen (CALLA) All 32 patients had monoclonal B-cell proliferation. The CLL patients had 90% CALLA positive cells while the proportion of their leukemic elements was superior. Lymph-nodes or bone marrow invaded by a B monoclonal tumor cell population of NHL had significantly more CALLA positive cells (42.1 +/- 32.5%) than non-invaded tissues (11.4 +/- 10.3%). In NHL tissues with monoclonal B-cells, lymph-nodes had significantly more CALLA positive cells (56.0 +/- 29.9%) than marrow (23.5 +/- 27.7%). It is well known that the (CALLA) is not specific for ALL. It has been believed to be a differentiation antigen on pre B-cells. The present study confirms that it also occurs on B-cells (2,4,6,7,8,9,10,11). PMID- 6604553 TI - Preparative purification of human placental colony-stimulating factors. AB - For preparative purification of colony-stimulating factors (CSF) from human placental conditioned medium, cation exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and isoelectric focusing were combined. The individual fractions were tested using the growth in agar of cryopreserved human bone marrow (dose-response curves). Furthermore, the active preparations were characterized by analytical isoelectric focusing. Two fractions with highly enriched biological activity were isolated. They have the isoelectric points 5.4 and 5.6, respectively. Their specific activity exceeds that of the crude material by a factor of 60. Like crude material, they induce predominantly granulocytic colonies. The biochemical heterogeneity of biological activity in placental supernatants is discussed. PMID- 6604554 TI - Meningeal sarcoidosis causing intracranial hypertension secondary to dural sinus thrombosis. PMID- 6604555 TI - Preliminary clinical images from a prototype positron camera. PMID- 6604556 TI - Chylothorax complicating sclerotherapy for bleeding oesophageal varices. PMID- 6604557 TI - Amine content of vaginal fluid from patients with trichomoniasis and gardnerella associated non-specific vaginitis. AB - Amounts of putrescine, cadaverine, and tyramine were measured in vaginal washings from five patients with non-specific vaginitis (NSV) associated with Gardnerella vaginalis, five patients with trichomoniasis, and five healthy controls. Putrescine and cadaverine were present in all but one sample from the infected patients; tyramine was found in four of five samples from the women with NSV and in two of five samples from those with trichomoniasis. The mean cadaverine to putrescine ratio was significantly higher in the patients with NSV than in those with trichomoniasis. Samples from the five controls contained only very small amounts of any of the three amines. The amine content of nine of 10 samples from the infected women was reduced to normal values after metronidazole treatment. The possible sources of the amines from Trichomonas vaginalis and Gardnerella vaginalis are discussed with reference to the clinical response to treatment. PMID- 6604558 TI - A method for recognising non-bacterial prostatitis: preliminary observations. AB - Chronic non-bacterial prostatitis is a difficult condition to diagnose accurately either by symptoms and signs or by investigations. Four groups of patients were assessed for the number of leucocytes and the presence of pathogens in expressed prostatic secretions before and after treatment with co-trimoxazole two tablets twice daily for three months. The pretreatment findings suggest that the upper limit of normal for the number of leucocytes in expressed prostatic secretions is about five per microscope field (X 40 magnification) and that for the cell count about 0.5 X 10(9)/l using the method described. Increased microscopical cell estimations and cell counts in the expressed prostatic secretions of patients with symptoms of prostatitis and those with recurrent non-specific urethritis seem to indicate the presence of prostatitis. PMID- 6604559 TI - Photomechanical responses of visual receptors in the retina of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). AB - All photoreceptor types in the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) retina exhibit changes of position within the receptor layer, depending upon the state of retinal adaptation, and the season in which the displacement was measured. The most light adapted position of each photoreceptor type following monochromatic adaptation was not related specifically to the lambda-max of its own photopigment. In general, however, the response profiles were similar for photoreceptors having the same lambda-max. The red rod, accessory member of the double cone, green rod and the miniature cone showed similar response profiles, while the single cone and the principal member of the double cone showed similar patterns of movement as a function of adapting wavelength. The response profiles for the short and middle lambda-max photoreceptors obtained in summer months appeared similar to the action spectrum of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) as previously described by Liebman and co-workers. Seasonal differences were also found. The observed photomechanical response profiles may be determined by complex interactions between adjacent photoreceptors, as well. PMID- 6604560 TI - Etomidate inhibits prolactin release but not through a dopaminergic mechanism. AB - A short-acting non-barbiturate intravenous general anaesthetic, etomidate, when administered i.v. lowered serum prolactin levels in the rat. The effect was evident at rest, after surgical stress or after injection of 5-hydroxytryptophan. Haloperidol-induced hyperprolactinaemia was not modified. Administered via the intracerebroventricular route, etomidate strongly reduced serum prolactin levels in unanesthetized rats. Studies performed on superfused synaptosomes from brain areas rich in dopaminergic nerve endings did not show any influence of the etomidate, 10(-7) M-10(-6) M, on [3H]dopamine release. A peculiar GABA-like mechanism and/or possible interplay with serotonergic control of the prolactin release may be postulated in order to explain the suppressive effects of the drug on secretion of lactotrophs. PMID- 6604561 TI - Hypnotic effects of deoxycorformycin in rats. AB - Rats implanted with EEG and EMG electrodes were treated with deoxycoformycin (0.5 or 2.0 mg/kg, i.p.), and polygraphically recorded for 6 h. Deoxycoformycin is a potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase and would be expected to elevate the levels of adenosine in the central nervous system. The 0.5 mg/kg dose of the drug increased REM sleep and reduced REM sleep latency while the dose of 2.0 mg/kg increased deep slow-wave sleep (S2). These results appear to be consistent with those reported previously for the adenosine analog, N6-(L-phenylisopropyl) adenosine (L-PIA) and indicate a hypnotic role for adenosine. PMID- 6604562 TI - Morphine-induced analgesia and explosive motor behavior in an amphibian. AB - Morphine sulfate is a weak analgesic in the frog Rana pipiens pipiens, causing a slight increase in nociceptive threshold at a dose of 10 mg/kg and a pronounced increase at 100 mg/kg. Morphine-induced analgesia persists for at least 165 min and is significantly attenuated by naloxone. The analgesic doses of morphine are well below the lethal dose and are without noticeable effect on the behavior of the frogs or their responses to non-painful stimuli. Higher doses of morphine (320 and 640 mg/kg) induced a state of hyper-responsiveness to sensory stimuli similar to the explosive motor behavior induced in rats by microinjection of morphine into the periaqueductal gray. PMID- 6604563 TI - Electrical activities of the frog spinal cord are resistant to perfusion with hypoxic medium. AB - Synaptic functions of the isolated and intra-arterially perfused frog spinal cord were investigated in terms of dorsal root-dorsal root potential (DR-DRP) and dorsal root-ventral root reflexes (DR-VRR), and under the influences of hypoxic Ringer solution, replacement of medium glucose with 2-deoxyglucose ('hypoglycemic Ringer'), and suspension of perfusion. The synaptic functions were markedly degraded during the suspension of perfusion, but they were remarkably resistant to hypoxic or hypoglycemic Ringer for more than 6 h, if the preparation was continuously perfused. The presynaptic inhibition of the first spike potential of the DR-VRR induced by a conditioning antidromic stimulation, however, was markedly reduced during prolonged exposure to hypoxic conditions. In contrast to earlier concepts that the spinal cord is vulnerable to hypoxia, the present results demonstrate that the frog spinal cord is resistant to prolonged perfusion with hypoxic and hypoglycemic media, although they suggest a latent deterioration of some processes which are believed to be more energy dependent. PMID- 6604564 TI - Infant lesion effect: I. Development of motor behavior following neonatal spinal cord damage in cats. AB - This study was undertaken to determine the effect of spinal cord damage on motor development, and to determine whether there is greater survival of motor function in those motor patterns with a later onset of function than in those which are present at birth. The postnatal development of postural reflexes and locomotion was examined during the first 4 months of life in normal kittens and in those which had received a spinal cord lesion (at high cervical or low thoracic levels) at birth. The results suggest that there are some similarities in normal development, recovery of function after adult lesions and recovery and/or development of function after neonatal lesions. After neonatal lesions, just as after lesions in adults, reflex recovery appears to underlie recovery of locomotion. After spinal lesions, the pattern and sequence of motor development was identical to that seen in normal animals. Hindlimb motor development was normal for some time after the spinal lesion, but deficits appeared later. These observations suggest that postural reflexes and locomotion are not dependent upon ipsilateral descending input for their onset, but only for their maturation. Unexpectedly, tactile placing developed after neonatal spinal cord lesions. This represents sparing of function, for tactile placing is abolished and does not recover after the same lesion sustained in adulthood. Tactile placing is the last of the series of postural reflexes to develop. It depends on the last of the spinal pathways to develop, the corticospinal tract. Two aspects of this study support the hypothesis that later developing motor patterns will have a greater chance for survival and subsequent development than those which are present at birth. First, the immediate effects of spinal cord lesions on postural reflexes are more severe on those reflexes that are more mature at birth. Second, the spinal cord lesions produce more severe impairment of the more mature forelimb motor function than of the less mature hindlimb motor function. The hypothesis is not supported, however, when the long-term effect of spinal cord lesions on the maturation of motor behavior is considered. All postural reflexes and locomotion fail to mature fully, i.e. they retain characteristics of the immature responses. PMID- 6604565 TI - The renal metabolism of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in the rat: regulation by 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3. PMID- 6604566 TI - Lack of influence of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on parathyroid hormone secretion from normal or hyperplastic glands. AB - The role of 24,25(OH)2D3 on parathyroid gland function remains controversial. The present studies were performed in vitro using (a) dispersed normal bovine parathyroid cells (bPTC) and (b) dispersed canine PTC (cPTC) prepared from glands of normal dogs, dogs with chronic renal failure (CRF), and dogs with CRF treated with 24,25(OH)2D3, 2.5 micrograms orally every day for more than 6 months. Bovine parathyroid cells were incubated for up to 180 min at 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 mM external calcium in the presence or absence of 24,25(OH)2D3 (100 or 1000 nM). Similar experiments were conducted with cells incubated for 24 h in the presence of either the ethanol vehicle or 24,25(OH)2D3 (1000 nM). Parathyroid hormone secretion, measured in the supernatant by both C-terminal and N-terminal assays, did not show any differences between control and experimental groups at any time interval. Canine parathyroid cells obtained from uremic animals showed an average threefold increase in the total amount of PTH secreted, on a per cell basis over 180 min at 0.5 mM Ca2+, when compared with normal controls. However, there was no significant difference in PTH secretion at any level of calcium concentration between the cells obtained from parathyroid glands of CRF dogs and 24,25(OH)2D3 treated CRF dogs. Acute exposure to 24,25(OH)2D3 (1000 nM) in vitro of the cells obtained from the glands of CRF dogs also had no effect on PTH secretion. We conclude that 24,25(OH)2D3 has no direct effect on PTH secretion from dispersed parathyroid cells of either normal or uremic animals. PMID- 6604567 TI - Effects of epidermal growth factor on osteoblastic cells in vitro. AB - The effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on clone MC3T3-El cells that have osteoblastic activity was examined by phase-contrast microscopy and electron microscopy; hydroxyproline content, collagen synthesis, collagen pattern, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were also determined. We found that EGF (0.4 ng/ml) transformed the cells from their normal polygonal shape to a spindle-like morphology by 8 h. This hormone also caused dose-related suppression of hydroxyproline content and ALP activity which was detectable 2 days and 1 day, respectively, after EGF addition. Indomethacin did not affect hydroxyproline content and ALP activity, suggesting that the effect of EGF on the cells may not be mediated by prostaglandins. Epidermal growth factor at concentrations of 2 to 50 ng/ml significantly decreased collagen synthesis in the cells, whereas protein synthesis was stimulated. Electron microscopy demonstrated that collagen fiber formation was also reduced by EGF; an immature type of fibril was observed compared with the typical cross-striated one in the controls. Moreover, the hormone treatment also resulted in the appearance of type III collagen in addition to the type I already present in the cells. These suppressive effects of EGF on MC3T3-El cells in vitro suggest that this hormone may be involved in bone remodelling in vivo as well. PMID- 6604568 TI - Stimulation of DNA synthesis by epidermal growth factor in osteoblast-like cells. AB - Normal and malignant osteoblast-like cells in culture have been shown to possess specific, high affinity receptors for epidermal growth factor (EGF). In this study, the mitogenic response to EGF was examined in a clonal line of a rat osteogenic sarcoma (UMR 106) and in osteoblast-rich newborn rat calvarial cells. Twenty-four hour treatment of UMR 106 cells with EGF in doses ranging from 10( 12) M to 2 X 10(-8) M stimulated the incorporation of [3H]thymidine and DNA synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. This short-term stimulatory effect was sustained in long-term culture with a dose-dependent increase in cell proliferation by calvarial cells. A lag period of 8 h occurred before significant stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation was observed. Commitment to increased incorporation of [3H]thymidine required a minimum of 6 h continuous incubation with EGF. These results establish the osteoblast as a target cell for EGF action on bone. PMID- 6604569 TI - Hemifacial spasm: results of microvascular relocation. AB - Twenty patients with hemifacial spasm were treated between February 1980 and June 1981. All presented with typical disabling unilateral contractions of the face. Computerized Tomographic Scan and angiograms ruled out structural mass lesions. All patients underwent posterior fossa microsurgical relocation of a vessel from the root entry zone of the facial nerve. An offending arterial loop was found in each case. Nineteen patients are free of symptoms and the remaining one is improved. One patient has permanent loss of hearing and two developed mild facial weakness. There has been no recurrence in 18 months follow up. These results given further support to the theory that hemifacial spasm is an affliction of the seventh nerve in the cerebello-pontine angle, most commonly caused by vascular cross compression at the root entry zone. Surgical relocation of the offending vessel relieves the symptoms and there appears to be no recurrence. This procedure is not difficult and carries acceptable risk for the patient with this disabling condition. PMID- 6604570 TI - Demonstration of cells bearing the OKT6 determinant in human tonsil and lymph node. AB - An immunoperoxidase study was carried out on human tonsil (15 specimens) and human lymph node (5 specimens) using OKT6, a monoclonal antibody which was raised against a determinant on immature thymocytes. OKT6-positive cells were identified in the crypt epithelium of all tonsils examined and in occasional clusters in the interfollicular areas of two lymph nodes. OKT6 has recently been shown to react with epidermal dendritic cells (Langerhans' cells). This study confirms that OKT6 reactive cells may be found outside the thymus. The pattern of staining obtained suggests that OKT6 reactivity belongs to a dendritic subpopulation. The significance of the finding in relation to physiology and pathology is discussed. These physiological findings may also be relevant to the immunotherapy of T-cell lymphomas. PMID- 6604572 TI - Influence of surgical removal and effect of levamisole on cytotoxic T-cell mediated antitumor immunity in mice. AB - In BALB/c mice bearing syngeneic fibrosarcoma Meth 1 tumors, effects of surgical removal and levamisole (LMS) on the growth of reinoculated Meth 1 cells were investigated. The growth of secondary tumors in mice with surgical removal of primary tumors was significantly inhibited as compared with that of secondary tumors in primary tumor-bearing mice without surgical removal. LMS (2.5 mg/kg) augmented the growth inhibition of secondary tumors. Its effect was significant only in mice bearing primary tumors without surgical removal. Cytotoxicity, which was detected in the spleen cells of Meth 1-bearing mice, was mediated by tumor specific cytotoxic T-cells and augmented after surgical removal of the tumors. LMS augmented the cytotoxicity when it was administered before surgical removal of the tumors but not after surgical removal. The spleen cells of Meth 1-bearing mice in the last stage of tumor development did not exhibit cytotoxicity, but rather exhibited suppressor activity on the in vitro generation of cytotoxicity. In this stage, effect of LMS was not detected. For the induction of cytotoxic T cells in vitro, the cooperation of nylon wool-nonadherent cells and antigen presenting cells appeared to be necessary. Nylon wool-adherent cells exhibited the suppressor activity. LMS stimulated the activity of nonadherent cells and partially modulated the suppressor activity of adherent cells. These effects of LMS were suggested to result in the augmentation of the cytotoxicity of the spleen cells and the growth inhibition of the secondary tumors in Meth 1-bearing mice. PMID- 6604571 TI - Human anti-lymphoma responses generated in vitro and in vivo following sensitization with allogeneic leukocytes. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from a patient with poorly differentiated lymphocyte lymphoma (PDLL), after stimulation for 7 days with X-irradiated allogeneic lymphocytes pooled from three or ten donors (poolx), were cytotoxic for autologous lymphoma cells. Some clones lytic for autologous lymphoma cells, that were derived from this patient's pool-stimulated cells, resembled cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), while other clones resembled natural killer (NK)-like cells in that they also lysed NK-sensitive HLA-negative K562 cells. In a second patient with more advanced PDLL, PDL cultured with T-cell growth factor (which is produced following stimulation with mitogens or alloantigens) lysed autologous lymphoma cells. On the basis of these in vitro findings, we asked whether IV transfusions with X-irradiated allogeneic leukocytes would result in anti lymphoma responses in vivo. Ten days after transfusions with X-irradiated leukocytes from four unrelated donors, the first patient's two previously palpable nodes were no longer palpable and he remained in complete clinical remission for 6 months. The second patient had a temporary partial remission with dramatic reduction in size of multiple cervical and axillary nodes within 2 weeks after receiving the leukocyte transfusions. PMID- 6604573 TI - Inhibition of phorbol ester-mediated interleukin-2 production by cellular differentiating agents. AB - Lymphocyte proliferation induced by the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) is inhibited by agents known to induce differentiation in murine erythroleukemia cells and other cell lines. In the present study, we determined the cellular targets for the action of TPA among murine thymocyte subpopulations, the phase of blastogenesis that is activated by the tumor promoter, and the phase that is inhibited by the differentiating agents. Mouse thymocytes were fractionated into populations bearing receptors for peanut agglutinin (PNA; PNA positive cells) and populations lacking such receptors (PNA-negative cells). TPA is comitogenic for lectin-treated, unfractionated thymocytes and PNA-negative thymocytes but not for PNA-positive thymocytes. PNA-negative cells, a minor population in unfractionated thymocytes, are therefore the cellular targets for the comitogenic activity of TPA. TPA induces the production of interleukin-2 (IL 2) in lectin-treated PNA-negative populations but not in PNA-positive cells. The differentiating agents inhibit TPA-mediated proliferation of unfractionated and PNA-negative, lectin-treated thymocytes. In contrast, IL-2-mediated proliferation of lectin-treated thymocyte subpopulations is resistant to inhibition by these agents. Inhibition appears to be related to decreased production of IL-2, since the differentiating agents inhibit IL-2 production by both PNA-negative thymocytes and by a human leukemic cell line. PMID- 6604574 TI - Molecular and biological characterization of anticarcinogenic and tumor cell growth-inhibitory activities of Syrian hamster lymphotoxin. AB - Syrian hamster lymphotoxin has three identified anticancer activities: (a) cytolytic activity measured as the release of 3H from [3H]thymidine-labeled murine alpha L-929 cells; (b) cytostatic activity assessed by the inhibition of cell colony formation of tumorigenic Syrian hamster cells; and (c) anticarcinogenic activity measured by inhibition of chemical carcinogen or radiation-induced morphological transformation of Syrian hamster fetal cells in vitro and in vivo. Lymphotoxin cytolytic, cytostatic, and anticarcinogenic activities have similar molecular weights of approximately 45,000 by ACA-44 Ultrogel chromatography. A three-step purification of (a) diafiltration and concentration, (b) column isoelectric focusing in a pH 4 to 6 gradient, and (c) ACA-44 Ultrogel column chromatography yields 25% recovery of lymphotoxin cytolytic and anticarcinogenic activities. The three-step purified lymphotoxin is free of detectable interferon, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, and mitogenic factors inducing hamster T-lymphocyte proliferation and is anticarcinogenic in vivo. The purified lymphotoxin had a specific anticarcinogenic activity of 58,500 units/mg of protein and a molar specific activity of 2,900 units/nmol. Although homogeneous in molecular size, the purified lymphotoxin is comprised of several molecular species. Cytolytic activity is associated with molecules having a single major isoelectric point of 5.0, whereas the cytostatic and anticarcinogenic activities comigrate with molecules with major isoelectric points of 5.0 and 4.6. This is the first evidence that the anticancer actions of lymphotoxin are properties of similarly sized but several different electrically charged molecules and that the several lymphotoxin species have differing anticancer activities. PMID- 6604575 TI - Correlation of growth morphology and clonability with malignancy of WEHI-7 T-cell lymphoma sublines. AB - This study examined the development of subclones of different proliferative capacity and malignancy in the WEHI-7 tumor. The mouse T-cell lymphoma WEHI-7 can be cloned in agar with a cloning efficiency of 40 to 50%. On the basis of growth morphology, two types of colonies were distinguished. Most colonies were compact, but a few, no more than 5%, were diffuse. Sublines of the two colony types were established. The cloning efficiency in agar was 40 to 50% for the compact and 15 to 25% for the diffuse sublines. The recloning efficiency did not change for compact colonies. In contrast, the cloning efficiency of diffuse colonies decreased with repeated reclonings. The mice died within 24 to 34 days of i.v. injection of 10(4) WEHI-7 cells. The same number of cells of the individual sublines administered to mice resulted in improved survival. Injection of compact subline cells resulted in death in 24 to 48 days, while diffuse subline cells resulted in death in 30 to 75 days. The sublines were indistinguishable by light and electron microscopy. Both subline types were negative for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and positive for Thy 1.2. Most cells from the two types of sublines were Lyt-1 and Lyt-2 positive. The doubling time was 10 hr for compact and 14 hr for diffuse sublines. Colony morphology was conserved after passage in vivo and after more than 10 transfers in vitro in liquid and agar media. In conclusion, the different growth morphology in vitro distinguished the subclones of different malignancy in the WEHI-7 tumor cell line. PMID- 6604576 TI - Characterization of a human ovarian carcinoma cell line (NIH:OVCAR-3) with androgen and estrogen receptors. AB - A cell line, NIH:OVCAR-3, has been established from the malignant ascites of a patient with progressive adenocarcinoma of the ovary after combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, and cisplatin. OVCAR-3 grows as a cobblestone-like monolayer with foci of multilayering, is tumorigenic in athymic mice, clones in agarose, and has an abnormal karyotype which includes a homogeneous staining region and a double minute chromosome. The cultured cells and xenografts contain cytoplasmic androgen- and estrogen-binding macromolecules with the specificity of the respective steroid hormone receptors. These components have sedimentation coefficients of 7 to 9S in low-salt sucrose-density gradients, have dissociation constants of 250 and 9.6 pM, and are present at concentrations of 30 and 28 fmol/mg cytosol protein characteristic of androgen and estrogen receptors, respectively. OVCAR-3 is resistant in vitro to clinically relevant concentrations of Adriamycin (5 X 10(-8) M), melphalan (5 X 10(-6) M), and cisplatin (5 X 10(-7) M) with survival compared to untreated controls of 43, 45, and 77%, respectively. Furthermore, there are multiple histological similarities between the patient's original tumor, the cell line, and the transplantable tumor. These data indicate that OVCAR-3 may be of use for investigations as to the significance of androgens and estrogens and the mechanisms of cytotoxic drug resistance in ovarian cancer. PMID- 6604577 TI - Ribonucleotide content of mononuclear cells from normal subjects and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: increased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide concentration in chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes. AB - The ribonucleotide content of lymphocytes obtained from normal subjects and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was determined by means of high performance liquid chromatography. The levels of normal B- and T-cells were compared to each other as well as those of their CLL counterparts. Unfractionated CLL lymphocytes, predominantly B-cells, had significantly lower levels of adenosine-5'-triphosphate, cytidine-5'-triphosphate, uridine-5'-triphosphate, cytidine-5'-diphosphate, and guanosine-5'-phosphate, while the concentration of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide was significantly higher than in normal unfractionated lymphocytes which consisted mainly of T-cells. For enriched populations: (a) CLL B-cells had much lower adenosine-5'-triphosphate (3439 versus 5689) (pmol/1 X 10(7) cells), cytidine-5'-triphosphate (107 versus 313), guanosine-5'-triphosphate (462 versus 978), and uridine-5'-triphosphate (633 versus 1214) than normal B-cells; (b) CLL T-enriched subpopulations had significantly lower ribonucleoside triphosphates, adenosine-5'-triphosphate (3217 versus 5468), cytidine-5'-triphosphate (119 versus 209), guanosine-5' triphosphate (422 versus 826), and uridine-5'-triphosphate (504 versus 969) than normal T-cells. The lower ribonucleoside triphosphate levels found in unfractionated CLL lymphocytes, therefore, are the result of differences between the CLL and normal B-cells as well as between CLL and normal T-cells. These findings establish a framework for studying the reasons underlying the decreased ribonucleoside triphosphate levels in unfractionated CLL lymphocytes. T-helper and T-suppressor lymphocytes showed similar ribonucleotide patterns. Nucleoside and base levels were significantly higher in normal monocytes than in normal lymphocytes. The only compound found to be increased in the CLL B-lymphocytes when compared to their normal counterparts was nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide. The level in CLL lymphocytes was 404 versus 209 pmol/10(7) cells for normal B lymphocytes. No correlation was found between any ribonucleotide levels and the expression of 5'-nucleotidase activity. PMID- 6604578 TI - Identical efficacy of methotrexate regimens with N5-methyltetrahydrofolate rescue or with leucovorin rescue for treatment of L1210 murine leukemia. PMID- 6604579 TI - Fentiazac in osteoarthritis: comparison of BID and QID regimens. AB - This study compares two regimens (twice-a-day and four-times-a-day) of fentiazac for osteoarthritis. The total daily dose for both groups was 400 mg, and the drugs were administered for two months with follow-up evaluations after one, four, and eight weeks of treatment. Thirty patients were studied to evaluate the effect on pain, the functional importance, and the tolerability of fentiazac. Both dosage regimens were equally efficacious, and no advantage except convenience was found for one dosage schedule over the other. PMID- 6604580 TI - Calcite in the statoconia of amphibians: a detailed analysis in the frog Rana esculenta. AB - The otoconia of Amphibia, especially of the frog Rana esculenta, were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM studies showed that the membranous labyrinth of Amphibia contains two populations of crystals, which can easily be distinguished by their forms. The X-ray diffraction data indicated that these two populations consist of calcite and aragonite; the endolymphatic sac, the saccule and the lagena contain aragonite, whereas calcite is only found in the otolithic membrane of the utricle. The genetic and functional significance of the existence of two crystalline forms of calcium carbonate in the membranous labyrinth are discussed. PMID- 6604581 TI - Regulation of cerebral kynurenine and 5-hydroxyindole pathways during tryptophan loading. AB - Cerebral tryptophan metabolism was studied in rat brain slices. The results show that serotonin production was inhibited at high levels of tryptophan or 5-oxo-L prolyltryptophan. In contrast, kynurenine formation showed a dose dependent increase at the various concentrations of tryptophan or 5-oxo-L-prolyltryptophan. Measurements of the activities of tryptophan hydroxylase (TH) and indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDOase) in crude brain homogenates showed that serotonin formation was linear in the presence of dithiothreitol, whereas kynurenine production was inhibited in the presence of dithiothreitol or superoxide dismutase. These results suggest an inverse relationship in the regulation of 5-hydroxyindole and kynurenine pathways. The former being inhibited in the presence of high tryptophan concentration while the latter is enhanced. Furthermore, a high intracellular thiol-disulphide ratio appears to favour serotonin formation, whereas a highly reducing environment decreases kynurenine production. PMID- 6604582 TI - Expression and function of transplantation antigens with altered or deleted cytoplasmic domains. AB - Two mutants of the class I gene encoding the H-2Ld transplantation antigen have been constructed. In one mutant the cytoplasmic domain of the class I molecule has been altered by deletion of 24 of the 31 C-terminal residues, and in the second the C-terminal 25 residues of the cytoplasmic domain have been replaced with a unique sequence of 19 amino acids. These mutant class I genes have been transferred into mouse L cells by DNA-mediated gene transfer. Both mutant genes are expressed at normal levels on the cell surface, and they have charge properties and sizes consistent with the introduced alterations. These mutant Ld molecules can serve as target antigens for allogeneic cytotoxic T cells and as restricting elements for virus-specific cytotoxic T cells. These results show that the 24 residues replaced or deleted from the carboxy terminus of the class I molecule are not required for its transport to or integration in the plasma membrane, nor for its function as a target antigen or a restricting element during T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity. PMID- 6604583 TI - Migration of B and T lymphocytes to M cells in Peyer's patch follicle epithelium: an autoradiographic and immunocytochemical study in mice. AB - Intimate interaction occurs between M cells which take up antigens in Peyer's patch epithelium and underlying lymphocytes but the migratory pathway and subtypes of these lymphocytes have remained uncertain. Lymphocyte homing to Peyer's patches was investigated by separating mouse splenic B and T lymphocytes, labeling with [3H]adenosine, reinjecting into syngeneic mice, and localizing them by autoradiography after 17, 40, and 68 hr. Both B and T lymphocytes migrated across postcapillary venules through intercellular spaces. Most labeled cells of both types localized around postcapillary venules in the initial time period, then migrated through the lymphoid mass to follicle epithelium. T-cell number in follicle epithelium peaked at 17 hr but B cells peaked at 40 hr. At each time point more labeled B than T lymphocytes were found below M cells and in follicle epithelium but the differences were only significant (P less than 0.01) at 40 hr. Endogenous B lymphocytes, identified by antibody staining, were also associated with M cells, possibly reflecting a role for secretory antibody in modulating antigen uptake. PMID- 6604584 TI - Physicochemical properties of T-cell-activating monokines in guinea pigs. AB - T-cell-activating monokines of guinea pigs with interleukin 1-like activity were produced in protein-free medium by stimulation of peritoneal macrophages with synthetic muramyl dipeptide (MDP). Gel filtration of the culture supernatant of MDP-stimulated macrophages revealed that most of the activity to potentiate the responses of thymocytes and lymph node T cells to phytohemagglutinin were found in the high-molecular-weight (40,000-80,000) fraction. By isoelectric focusing, the monokine in the high-molecular-weight fraction was focused at a pI of around 4.7 forming a somewhat broad band, indicating some heterogeneity. In the analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the high molecular-weight fraction, the peak of the activity was found at an approximate Mr of 60K under unreduced as well as reduced conditions. Accordingly, it is likely that the monokine in this fraction is a polypeptide of 60K, but a possibility still remains that the 60K component is an aggregate of low-molecular weight monokine which requires more rigorous conditions for dissociation. PMID- 6604585 TI - Delayed-type hypersensitivity to elastase-soluble lung peptides in the tight-skin (Tsk) mouse. AB - The development of immunity to homologous connective tissue antigens was studied with respect to aging in the tight-skin (Tsk) mouse mutant. A delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to elastase-solubilized lung peptides in Tsk/+ mice, which became evident at 10 weeks of age and increased in intensity until 22 weeks, was observed. Tsk mice did not demonstrate significant DTH responses when challenged with type I or IV collagen, and normal (+/+) littermates of all ages did not respond to any of the antigens under study. DTH responses could be adoptively transferred to normal +/+ and C57BL/6 mice with spleen cells from 30 week-old Tsk/+ mice; treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 antibodies plus complement significantly reduced the ability of these Tsk/+ cells to transfer DTH reactivity. No antibody activity to the antigens under study could be detected in the sera of Tsk/+ or +/+ mice at any age. These results are discussed with regard to the pathological manifestations observed in the Tsk/+ mutant mouse. PMID- 6604586 TI - Characterization of a lymphokine produced by human T cells which inhibits collagen synthesis. AB - Human lymphocytes, isolated from peripheral blood, were cultured for 48 hr in a defined medium containing 10 mg/ml bovine serum albumin and phytohemagglutinin. A lymphokine which inhibits collagen synthesis by cultured human dermal fibroblasts was purified from the lymphocyte incubation medium by successive steps of ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration chromatography, and isoelectric focusing. Good recovery of this collagen synthesis inhibitory factor (CSIF) was obtained and a factor with an approximate molecular weight of 55,000 and a pI of 6.2 was isolated. The purification of the factor should permit further studies on its mechanism of action. PMID- 6604587 TI - Epidermal growth factor promoted changes in the triton-insoluble cytoskeletal matrix from human epidermal carcinoma cells: effect of bromodeoxyuridine. AB - We have used monolayers of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-grown and control human epidermoid carcinoma (A431) cells to investigate the polypeptide changes resulting when cells are rounded by epidermal growth factor (EGF). Whereas no significant change was detected in Triton-soluble components, the urea solubilized matrix fraction revealed greater levels of a 20 kd species in cells exposed to EGF, compared with the same cells not exposed to the growth factor. The corresponding urea fraction from BrdU-grown cells showed decreased levels of the 20 kd species as a result of exposure to EGF. Further evidence for a differential effect of EGF resulting from growth of the cells with the pyrimidine analog was observed in the matrix fraction soluble in SDS, which revealed a decrease in a 20 kd species resulting from exposure of control cells to EGF, with no comparable effect in BrdU-grown cells. Our results suggest that EGF induces a change in the properties of matrix-associated components of low molecular weight in an effect which appears to be modified by prior growth of cells with BrdU. PMID- 6604588 TI - Scintigraphic quantification of myocardial ischemia: a new approach. PMID- 6604589 TI - Direct endocardial recording from an accessory atrioventricular pathway: localization of the site of block, effect of antiarrhythmic drugs, and attempt at nonsurgical ablation. AB - We recorded a discrete 0.95 mV potential consistent with accessory atrioventricular pathway (AP) activation during serial electrophysiologic studies in a patient with Ebstein's anomaly and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Bipolar pacing from the catheter electrode in which the AP potential was recorded resulted in a stimulus-ventricle interval identical to the AP-ventricle interval during antegrade conduction, and a stimulus-atrium interval identical to the AP atrium interval during retrograde conduction. With the patient in the drug-free state, antegrade AP block during atrial pacing and retrograde AP block during ventricular pacing occurred distal to the AP potential (AP-ventricle junction and AP-atrium junction, respectively), supporting the "impedance mismatch" hypothesis. Procainamide and disopyramide each lengthened the antegrade AP effective refractory period by affecting the AP-ventricle junction (possibly by decreasing the current generated by the AP). Both drugs also lengthened the retrograde AP effective refractory period but produced a greater effect on the ventricle-AP junction than on the AP-atrium junction, suggesting marginal geometry of the former. R wave synchronous shocks of 160 and 320 W-sec delivered between the catheter electrode recording the largest unipolar AP potential and a skin electrode produced transient, complete, antegrade block over the AP, suggesting the feasibility of this new nonsurgical technique for AP ablation. PMID- 6604590 TI - Fifteen year survival study of patients with obstructive coronary artery disease. AB - Survival rates were determined for a group of 598 patients in whom severe coronary disease was demonstrated by arteriography; initially they were treated medically and were followed-up for 15 years. Deaths due to noncoronary causes were uncommon (5% of total) in the first 5 year period but were frequent (36%) in the third period. Survival rates were 48%, 28%, 18%, and 9% for patients with single-, double-, triple-, and left main artery disease, respectively. Abnormalities documented by ventriculography were related to survival. In 386 patients who would have been candidates for bypass surgery, survival rates were 58%, 35%, 26%, and 11% for those with single-, double-, triple-, and left main artery disease, respectively. Cardiac survival curves for single-, double-, and triple-artery disease in candidates for surgery and curves constructed on the basis of 3% mortality per artery per year corresponded fairly closely. When an abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) is considered as a single variable in multivariate analysis, 5 year survival rates of candidates for surgery were influenced by the following in order of importance: abnormal ECG, symptoms at least 5 years in duration, triple-artery disease, double-artery disease, and arteriosclerosis obliterans. A simple prognostic stratification was devised that used only ECGs and duration of symptoms for each subset based on the number of arteries affected. PMID- 6604591 TI - Complications of aphakic extended wear lenses encountered during a seven-year period in 100 eyes. PMID- 6604592 TI - Cathodal bands in electrophoretograms of creatine kinase isoenzymes in serum collected after cardiac surgery: a poor prognostic sign. AB - Of 708 patients who had undergone cardiac surgery, the serum of 23 showed one or two enzyme bands cathodal to CK-MM in creatine kinase (CK) isoenzyme electrophoretograms. Postoperative mortality rate during hospitalization was: no bands, 8.8%; one band, 13%, two bands, 63% (p less than 0.001). Patients whose sera showed cathodal bands were slightly older than those without, and their postoperative serum lactate dehydrogenase (LD) activity was greater, with very high proportions of LD 5. The two cathodal bands in patients who died differed in cathodal electrophoretic mobility from the two bands in survivors, implying that different enzyme forms were involved. All cathodal bands were inhibited by reagent containing diadenosine pentaphosphate, as was adenylate kinase from erythrocytes and liver cytoplasm. Mitochondrial CK from liver and presumed mitochondrial CK in serum from a patient with malignancy were not inhibited. We conclude that the appearance of two enzyme bands cathodal to CK-MM, probably representing adenylate kinase and possibly originating from various tissues, is associated with a poor prognosis in patients after cardiac surgery. PMID- 6604593 TI - 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in serum: sample purification with Sep-Pak C-18 cartridges and liquid chromatography before protein-binding assay. AB - We describe a precise, specific method for measuring 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in human serum. A 2-mL serum sample is extracted with acetonitrile and passed through a Sep-Pak C-18 cartridge. The sample is further purified by "high performance" liquid chromatography under isocratic conditions on a normal-phase column (Radial-Pak silica-gel cartridge), then subjected to a protein-binding assay. The mean concentration of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in serum from 22 normal adults (measured during the spring) was 2.9 micrograms/L (SD 1.9, range 6.3-0.42 microgram/L). The intra-assay CV was 7.7%, the interassay CV 11.2%. Purification of the sample with Sep-Pak C-18 and liquid chromatography on normal plus reversed-phase columns leads to a mean value of 3.4 micrograms/L (SD 1.6 micrograms/L, n = 12), not significantly different from results with our method. PMID- 6604595 TI - [Aldosterone metabolism in dizygotic twins with simple masculinizing-type adrenal gland hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency]. PMID- 6604594 TI - The functional activity of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from healthy human smokers and non-smokers. AB - Cigarette smoking is an important risk factor for pulmonary emphysema. In vitro experiments document cigarette smoke-induced inactivation of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor, a protein which is thought to protect the lung interstitium against the deleterious action of neutrophil elastase. To assess the relevance of this in in vitro findings, we have measured the functional activity of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor collected by bronchoalveolar lavage from twenty healthy volunteers (10 heavy smokers and 10 non-smokers). The total inhibitor concentration was measured by radial immunodiffusion. The active inhibitor concentration was determined by virtue of its elastase inhibitory capacity. We used pure and active site-titrated porcine pancreatic elastase and a kinetic assay with succinyl-trialanine-p nitroanilide in order to get reliable and accurate results. In smokers and in non smokers the percentage of functionally active alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is 54 +/- 12 and 38 +/- 14%, respectively. This difference is not significant. Serum alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor is 100% active in both groups. Our data disagree with previous reports suggesting the presence of fully active alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of non-smokers and of partially active inhibitor in the lavage fluid of smokers. PMID- 6604596 TI - [Short-term administration of dexamethasone in salt-losing 21-hydroxylase deficiency who showed sudden growth and pigmentation disorder under routine cortisol therapy]. PMID- 6604597 TI - [17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency--a case report]. PMID- 6604598 TI - [Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism with exostosis]. PMID- 6604599 TI - The relationship of gastrointestinal disease and the skin. PMID- 6604600 TI - Immunodeficiency and the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 6604601 TI - An investigation into the frequency of mitral valve prolapse in von Willebrand disease. AB - The reported extremely high incidence of mitral valve prolapse in von Willebrand patients (60%) in combination with multiple signs of mesenchymal dysplasia points to a hitherto unknown pleiotropic effect of the von Willebrand gene and needs further confirmation. Therefore, we looked for the presence of mitral valve prolapse in 19 patients with classical von Willebrand disease. While 58% of these patients had one or more physical findings which could be interpreted as symptoms of mesenchymal dysplasia, we found only one patient with a mitral valve prolapse (5.3%), comparable to the 6% incidence in the normal population. Therefore, we must conclude that there is no association between mitral valve prolapse and von Willebrand disease. PMID- 6604602 TI - Family studies in Bechterew's syndrome (ankylosing spondylitis) III. Genetics. AB - The results of segregation analyses in 75 families where the proband had ankylosing spondylitis, are presented. Of the 278 adult, living first degree relatives, approximately 85% cooperated in the study. Clinical and radiographical examinations were performed and HLA typing was conducted. The results were in agreement with our hypothesis that ankylosing spondylitis is part of a syndrome where different genetic factors interact. Such known factors are HLA B27 associated disease susceptibility, susceptibility to psoriatic arthropathy and susceptibility to entero-arthropathy. Radiographical sacro-iliitis was restricted to HLA B27 positive relatives, and was more frequently found in relatives to probands with psoriasis than in relatives to probands without psoriasis. Environmental factors (intestinal bacteria) are known to trigger the disease at least in some persons, and we have postulated that all or most of them have the predisposition to develop disease. Thus, the syndrome has a multifactorial etiology. The phenotypic expressions of the different genetic predispositions involved, include sacro-iliitis, psoriasis, acute anterior uveitis, peripheral arthropathy and inflammatory bowel disease. We suggest the descriptive name HEREDITARY MULTIFOCAL RELAPSING INFLAMMATION (HEMRI) for this syndrome. Ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthropathy and entero-arthropathy may be regarded as clinical sub-types of the syndrome. PMID- 6604603 TI - C1 inactivator-C1s complexes in inflammatory joint disease. AB - A newly developed enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the quantitation of C1 inhibitor (C1In)-C1s complexes was used to study activation of the classical pathway of complement in inflammatory joint diseases. Synovial fluid (SF) specimens were obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), other arthritides and non-inflammatory joint effusions. Paired serum (S) samples were obtained in 17 cases. Immune complexes (IC) were measured by the staphylococcal binding assay. C1In-C1s were higher in RA SF samples than in paired RAS samples (P less than 0.01). IC were higher in RA SF than non-RA SF. There was a significant inverse correlation between SF C1In-C1s complexes and SF total haemolytic complement. For all SF samples there was a correlation between IC and C1In-C1s complexes, but for RA SF alone there was no significant correlation between these parameters. There was no correlation between titre of rheumatoid factor and C1In-C1s complexes. These results demonstrate that activation of the classical pathway of complement is the hallmark of rheumatoid synovitis, yet also suggest functional heterogeneity of both circulating and intra-articular IC. PMID- 6604604 TI - Regulation of immune complex-mediated complement activation by autoantibodies (F 42) isolated from sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Sera of some patients with systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE) contain IgG autoantibodies (F-42) which have been shown to stabilize the cell bound classical pathway C3 convertase of complement, C42. C42 is susceptible to inactivation by the plasma protein C4bp while stabilized C42 is relatively resistant to C4bp. The present study demonstrates that F-42 by itself does not induce activation of the classical pathway in vitro but that it is able to modulate the immune complex induced consumption of C2 and C3 in whole serum. Incubation of incremental concentrations of F-42 with normal human serum (NHS) for 30 min at 30 degrees C did not result in detectable consumption of C1q, C4, C2 and C3. However, when soluble immune aggregates or immune complexes were incubated in NHS together with 100 u/ml of F-42, a significant increase in consumption of C3 was seen as compared to the reaction mixture containing immune complexes or F-42 alone. In addition the presence of F-42 during the immune complex mediated consumption of complement was associated with relative protection of C2 consumption. (Fab)'2 and Fab' fragments of F-42 behaved as intact F-42, except that their activities on a molar basis were less than that of intact F-42. The results presented in this paper suggest that F-42 may play a regulatory role in the immune complex-mediated consumption at C2 and C3 in vivo. PMID- 6604605 TI - Characteristics of immune complexes detectable by two independent assays in gynaecological malignancies. AB - Immune complexes from patients with ovarian and endometrial cancer have been examined using the C1q solid phase (C1qSP) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation assays. The amount of IgG in the PEG precipitates was inversely correlated with the amount of IgM whilst the IgM values correlated positively with the C1qSP assay values. Separation studies revealed that most of the C1qSP activity was not precipitated from cancer sera by 2% PEG. The immune complexes were fractionated on Sephacryl S-300. Both the PEG precipitation and C1qSP assays detected high molecular weight immune complex like activity (greater than 19S). The C1qSP assay also detected a second peak of activity at approximately 7-8S. Most of the PEG detectable immune complexes from sera dissociated during column chromatography, whereas the C1qSP detectable complexes were relatively stable. Furthermore the IgG from fractionated PEG precipitates emerged as a monomer (7S) component. The PEG assay appeared to be detecting a high molecular weight complex containing mostly IgG rather than IgM with a low affinity for C1q, which was easily dissociated. The C1qSP assay detected a more stable high molecular weight complex containing a relatively high proportion of IgM and a low molecular weight complex, both with a high affinity for C1q. PMID- 6604606 TI - Colony formation and interleukin 2 production by leukaemic human T cells. AB - PHA-induced colony formation and interleukin 2 (IL-2) production were studied in four patients with T cell leukaemia (three cases OKT4+/T helper and one case OKT8+/T cytotoxic suppressor). Cases of T helper cell leukaemia showed colony formation that was comparable to normal purified blood T cells and was not dependent on the addition of conditioned medium, containing IL-2 activity, to cultures. In contrast the T suppressor cell leukaemia formed colonies only when cultures were supplemented with IL-2 containing medium. When IL-2 production by PHA stimulated cells was measured culture supernatants from the three T helper cell leukaemias all showed normal or high levels of activity, when compared to normal blood mononuclear cells, whereas the T suppressor cell leukaemia showed no activity. PMID- 6604607 TI - The development of intraepithelial and Peyer's patch lymphocyte sub-types in the small intestine of newborn rats. AB - Small intestinal intraepithelial (IEL) and Peyer's patch (PPL) lymphocytes of newborn rats have been studied in histological sections and in isolated cell suspensions. Initially IEL numbers were low compared with older animals, and fewer cells were labelled by the monoclonal antibody markers used. At birth, 41% of IEL expressed receptors for MRC OX8 (T suppressor marker) yet lacked receptors for W3/13 (pan-T marker) which was present on only 1% of these cells. IEL with receptors for W3/25 (T helper marker) were not seen until 2 weeks of age. Granulated cells (GIEL) accounted for only 19% of IEL at birth. The numbers and relative proportions of these lymphocyte sub-types were still not mature at the time of weaning. In the first week of life there was a short lived upsurge in numbers of GIEL and MRC OX8+ IEL. The relative distribution of PPL sub-types was mature 4 weeks after birth, but the morphology of this tissue did not appear to be well differentiated until 1 week later. PMID- 6604608 TI - Lymphocyte cytotoxicity for autologous human hepatocytes in alcoholic liver disease. AB - Alcoholic liver disease has been shown to progress even after cessation of ethanol intake and the involvement of an immunological mechanism has been suggested. To study whether lymphocyte cytotoxicity for autologous human hepatocytes is involved in the pathogenic process of alcoholic liver disease, hepatocytes (target cells) obtained by a needle liver biopsy from 36 patients with alcoholic liver disease were isolated by enzymatic digestion and incubated with autologous peripheral lymphocytes (effector cells). Using a microcytotoxicity assay, a cytotoxic effect was observed in patients with active cirrhosis or alcoholic hepatitis, but not in those with inactive cirrhosis, hepatic fibrosis or fatty liver. When lymphocytes were separated into T cell enriched and non-T cell enriched fractions, this cytotoxic effect was significantly greater with the non-T cell enriched lymphocyte fraction than with the T cell enriched fraction. The addition of aggregated IgG reduced the cytotoxic effect of the lymphocytes. These results suggested that antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity may be of pathogenic importance in alcoholic liver disease. PMID- 6604609 TI - Fibronectin mediates cell attachment to C1q: a mechanism for the localization of fibrosis in inflammatory disease. AB - Chronic inflammatory processes frequently lead to the abnormal replacement of normal tissue elements by increased numbers of fibroblasts and fibrous connective tissue, i.e., fibrosis. Since the growth of fibroblasts requires that these cells be attached to an extracellular support, the current study was designed to determine if the interaction between the fibroblast attachment factor fibronectin and the C1q component of complement could support fibroblast attachment and growth and thus could form a basis for the attachment of fibroblasts in abnormal tissue locations in those inflammatory states where C1q is bound. Fibronectin purified from human plasma supported attachment of both Chinese hamster ovary cells and of normal fetal lung fibroblasts (HFL-1) to C1q coated substrates. The attachment activity was approximately twice that of attachment to collagen, and was specific, as no attachment occurred to albumin coated substrates. Cells attached to C1q substrates demonstrated characteristic 'spreading' similar to those on collagen. Moreover, the C1q substrate resembled collagen in its ability to support fibroblast growth. Further, the ability of the interaction between C1q and fibronectin to mediate attachment of fibroblasts to immune complexes was demonstrated by the formation of fibroblast-red blood cell-immune complex rosettes, a process that was dependent on both fibronectin and C1q. Thus, the interaction between fibronectin and C1q could serve as the basis for fibroblast attachment and growth in abnormal tissue sites where immune complexes are formed and could be a contributing factor to the development of fibrosis. PMID- 6604610 TI - Relative importance of C4 binding protein in the modulation of the classical pathway C3 convertase in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Serum concentrations of C1q, C4, C4 binding protein (C4bp), C3 and C2 haemolytic activity have been measured in 110 samples from 20 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Significant reductions in comparison to normal levels were found in the mean serum concentrations of C4, C3 and C4bp as well as C2 haemolytic activities. For patients serum concentrations of C4 correlated with C2 haemolytic activities (r = 0.91) and C4bp (r = 0.79); the C2 haemolytic levels correlated with the concentration of C4b (r = 0.72). It is concluded that serum concentrations of the complement components C4 and C2, which are the constituents of the classical pathway C3 convertase, are regulated by C4bp in vivo. Further metabolic studies are required to determine the causes of decreased serum concentrations of C4bp in patients with SLE. PMID- 6604611 TI - Anti-influenza human T killer cells present an intertypic activity anti-A and -B type viruses in a secondary reaction in vitro. AB - In man influenza viruses induce a cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity directed against autologous or HLA-A or -B compatible target cells infected with the immunizing virus. While only type specific CTL are characterized in man, we report here experiments showing intertypic activities of human CTL from donors vaccinated with both A and B type influenza viruses. Their peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) restimulated in vitro with live influenza virus of one type gave rise to both anti-A and -B activities, when non-infected or Sendai infected target cells were not lysed. These intertypic activities were restricted by HLA-A or -B antigens and were inhibited by OKT3 antibody. When u.v.-inactivated viruses were used as restimulating antigen, no intertypic CTL were obtained. The results of competition experiments with cold targets show that no common antigens were recognized by anti-A and anti-B CTL. Moreover the restricting HLA-A or -B molecules seen in association with A or B types viruses appeared different in the same experiment, confirming that different antigens were probably involved for the agents of A and B subgroups. This influenza specific intertypic activity was therefore probably due to an intertypic stimulation of type specific CTL activities, possibly arising at the level of T helper cells. PMID- 6604612 TI - Vitamin K-dependent proteins and anticonvulsant medication. AB - Certain anticonvulsant drugs, especially phenytoin and phenobarbital, interfere with vitamin K metabolism as indicated by a raised serum osteocalcin level. This finding may be of importance in the pathogenesis of side effects of these medications. PMID- 6604613 TI - Glucocorticoid receptor of frog (Rana esculenta) liver. AB - The presence of a glucocorticoid soluble receptor is demonstrated in frog liver cytosol. The kinetic characterization of frog liver cytosolic receptor for glucocorticoids is reported and its steroid specificity assessed. Results indicate a gross similarity between frog liver and mammalian glucocorticoid receptor, being a major difference the reduced binding capacity. PMID- 6604614 TI - Acute dissection of the ascending aorta. Initial presentation as acute lower GI bleeding. AB - We present the unusual case of a 56-year-old man with acute dissection of the ascending aorta (DeBakey type I) whose presenting symptoms were those of lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Surgical repair was successfully accomplished with resection of the aorta with a Dacron tubular graft combined with aortic valvular replacement after obtaining bowel viability. PMID- 6604615 TI - [Preventive splenorenal shunt for portal hypertension]. PMID- 6604616 TI - [Left gastric venocaval shunt using autogenous venous graft for portal hypertension]. PMID- 6604617 TI - [Results of elective portazygos disconnection procedure on portal hypertension]. PMID- 6604618 TI - [Devascularization operation in treatment of massive hemorrhage due to esophageal varices]. PMID- 6604620 TI - CT manifestations of intracranial involvement by Hodgkin's disease. AB - CT brain scanning, in a patient diagnosed as having stage IV B nodular sclerosis Hodgkin's disease and since 1978 in complete remission, demonstrated intracranial relapse. Neurological symptoms could be caused by scattered intracranial lesions from Hodgkin's disease. Different CT scan manifestations are described. PMID- 6604619 TI - Effect of synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog on aspirin-induced gastric bleeding and secretion. AB - Twelve healthy subjects were given aspirin (975 mg four times a day) for four days. On days three and four, each dose of aspirin was preceded by a synthetic protaglandin E1 analog (misoprostol, Searle) either 25 micrograms, 50 micrograms, or placebo in a double-blind balanced full crossover design. Bleeding, gastric secretion of acid and chloride, and accumulation of gastric luminal DNA and calcium as indices of cell shedding and mucus secretion were measured by three daily morning gastric washouts, corrected for gastric emptying. Both bleeding and gastric secretion were greater on day 4 with aspirin and placebo than on day 0. With 50 micrograms misoprostol, and to a lesser extent with 25 micrograms, bleeding and gastric secretion were reduced on day 4 compared to day 4 with placebo or aspirin only days. The reduction in gastric bleeding with the 50 microgram dosage of misoprostol was directly related to the reduction in acid secretion. The ratios of changes in acid and chloride outputs did not indicate any increase in bicarbonate secretion. No changes in the recoveries of calcium or DNA were seen. PMID- 6604621 TI - [Value of the dipyridamole test in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease. Comparison with the stress ECG and coronary angiogram]. AB - In 500 patients suffering from angina pectoris (454 males, 46 females) in whom coronary angiography had been performed a dipyridamole test was carried out. The test was positive in 319 of 396 patients with stenosing coronary heart disease (sensitivity 80%); ECG changes typical of ischaemia were demonstrated in 51%. The exercise ECG test was positive in only 68% of 229 patients with coronary heart disease. Among 104 patients without stenosing coronary heart disease the dipyridamole test was false-positive in 47, giving a specificity of 55%, while in 17 (16%) there were false-positive ECG-changes. The exercise test was falsely positive in 20 of 38 patients without stenosing coronary heart disease (specificity of 47%). Coronary blood flow was measured with the argon technique in 19 of 47 with a false-positive dipyridamole test and three with a false positive exercise ECG. Maximal pharmacologically induced coronary blood flow was significantly reduced in all so that the diagnosis of "atypical coronary heart disease" or "small vessel disease" was made. The dipyridamole test or the exercise ECG test were falsely positive in these patients only with regard to the coronary arteriogram, correctly positive, however, in relation to angiographically non-demonstrable coronary blood flow abnormalities. The dipyridamole test is complementary to the exercise ECG test and has comparable accuracy. The same precautions must be observed for both tests. PMID- 6604623 TI - [Acute intestinal hemorrhage in Behcet disease]. PMID- 6604622 TI - [Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in medicine]. PMID- 6604624 TI - [Infiltrating injection in the management of post-papillotomy hemorrhages]. AB - Treatment was required in nine cases (1.7%) of haemorrhage after endoscopic sphincterotomy performed in 508 patients during 1981/82. Infiltrations with adrenalin (1: 10 000) and 1% polidocanol solution resulted in immediate arrest of haemorrhages in all cases. The endoscopic intervention could thus be completed successfully without further delay. The haemostatic effect was, without exception, permanent. There were no specific complications or late reactions. PMID- 6604625 TI - [Atypical and ischemic chest pain more than a year after aortocoronary bypass]. AB - 215 consecutive patients were followed up for more than a year (22 +/- 9 months) after aortocoronary bypass. Recurrence of ischaemic (anginal) and atypical chest pain was assessed: 54% of all patients were completely without pain postoperatively, 76% free of angina and 93% improved by at least one NYHA class. The frequency of severe atypical chest pain was similar pre- and postoperatively (11% and 13%, respectively), but nearly double that of postoperatively severe angina (13% vs 7%, P less than 0.05). Limiting atypical chest pains in patients with pre-operative atypical chest pain was much more frequent postoperatively than in patients who pre-operatively had only angina (30% vs 11%, P less than 0.005). These two patient groups did not differ with respect to age, sex, degree of vessels disease, exercise-induced ischaemia or number and patency of bypasses. Thus, exercise-limiting atypical chest pain can influence the surgical results in up to 30% of patients with pre-operative atypical chest pain (with or without typical angina). PMID- 6604626 TI - Renal cortical adenylate cyclase: characterization of magnesium activation. PMID- 6604627 TI - Influence of age on the development of cadmium-induced vascular lesions in rat sensory ganglia. AB - It is known from previous investigations that parenteral administration of single large doses of cadmium salts causes hemorrhagic lesions in the sensory ganglia of adult rats, whereas the ganglia of immature rats remain unaffected. The present study was undertaken to determine more precisely the age at which vascular lesions occur in the sensory ganglia of rats. At the age of 10 days, thrombocytes accumulated and adhered to the endothelial cells in vessels of the trigeminal ganglion, and at the age of 12 days focal hemorrhages occurred in the vicinity of nerve cells. After the age of 12 days, ultrastructural changes in endothelial cells were present in the trigeminal ganglia, with condensation of the cytoplasm, nuclear pyknosis, and discontinuities of the endothelial lining. Intravascular thrombus formation was also observed. In the dorsal root ganglia, there were no hemorrhages before the age of 22 days. The vascular lesions were then similar to those in the trigeminal ganglia. The possible relation between the structure and permeability of endothelial cells and the development of hemorrhagic lesions is discussed. PMID- 6604628 TI - Forskolin regulation of liver membrane adenylyl cyclase. AB - The effects of forskolin on rat liver plasma membrane adenylyl cyclase were studied. The diterpene stimulated the Vmax of the enzyme system with apparent Km values of 3-5 microM. Stimulations were marked both in the absence (20-fold over control) as well as in the presence of various stimulators such as GTP, GuoPP[NH]P, NaF alone or in combination with glucagon. Except with GTP, where stimulations of activities by forskolin and the nucleotide were synergistic (more than additive), stimulations of combinations of GuoPP[NH]P, NaF or glucagon with forskolin were additive. Forskolin did not alter significantly the apparent Km values of the enzyme for MgATP or MnATP or the apparent Ka values (concentrations giving stimulations that are 50% of maximum) for Mg or Mn ions, GTP, GuoPP[NH]P or NaF. Forskolin caused a decrease in the concentration of glucagon required for half-maximal stimulation from 5 microM to 1.5 microM. Except for this effect on the Ka for the glucagon, the only kinetic parameter altered was the Vmax under all conditions tested. Although proteolysis stimulated liver membrane adenylyl cyclase under control conditions, it did not enhance forskolin-stimulated activities. More extensive proteolysis, which resulted in decreased activities in the absence of forskolin, also resulted in reduced forskolin-stimulated activities. 'Uncoupling' of the guanine-nucleotide-binding regulatory component, that mediates guanine nucleotide stimulation by addition of 30 mM MnCl2, did not result in 'uncoupling' of forskolin stimulation. The data indicate that the diterpene forskolin stimulates adenylyl cyclase activity by a novel mechanism that differs from that by which NaF or guanylyl nucleotides affect this membrane bound system and that the diterpene should be a useful tool with which to explore as yet unrecognized modes of regulation of cyclic AMP production. PMID- 6604629 TI - Structural studies on the non-toxic lipid A from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides ATCC 17023. AB - The lipid A isolated from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides ATCC 17023 has been investigated. A sequence of analyses indicated beta-D-glucosaminyl-1,6-D glucosamine as the sugar backbone carrying phosphate groups at C-1 of the reducing glucosamine and C-4 of the non-reducing glucosamine. Both 3-(7 tetradecenoyl)oxytetradecanoic and 3-oxotetradecanoic acid are linked to the NH2 groups. Two residues of 3-hydroxydecanoic acid are linked to hydroxy groups at C 3 of both reducing and non-reducing glucosamine, and the hydroxy group of 3 hydroxydecanoic acid is free. In free lipid A, the hydroxy group at C-4 of the reducing glucosamine and at C-6 of the non-reducing glucosamine are unsubstituted. The latter probably arises from a 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate linkage. The structural similarities and dissimilarities existing between lipid A of R. sphaeroides, which is non-toxic, and lipid A types such as those from Salmonella, which are toxic, are discussed. PMID- 6604631 TI - Density and size distributions of the intramembranous particles in the cytoplasmic membrane of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. II. Ultrastructural differences between T and B cells. AB - Separated T and B lymphocytes from human peripheral blood were studied using the freeze-fracture technique. Quantitative analysis performed on density and size of intramembranous particles (IMPs) present on both fracture faces of the plasma membrane has revealed remarkable differences between cells belonging to the two main lymphocyte populations. In particular: (a) both fracture faces of the cytoplasmic membrane of B lymphocytes exhibit larger particles than T lymphocytes; (b) the mean densities, on both protoplasmic (PF) and external (EF) fracture faces, in B lymphocytes are lower than in T lymphocytes; (c) in B cells the partition ratio of particles between PF and EF is reversed with respect to T cells; (d) on both fracture faces of B lymphocytes, the IMP densities present a normal distribution while on T cells, density values show bimodal distributions indicating the existence of two cell subsets differing in particle density. PMID- 6604630 TI - Studies on corneal endothelial growth and repair. IV. Changes in the surface during cell division as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. AB - Changes in the surface morphology of regenerating rabbit, rat and frog corneal endothelial cells in vivo have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy. In adult tissue these cells do not normally divide unless given a stimulus, such as injury. Surfaces of quiescent rabbit and rat cells are devoid of microvilli but display globular projections and surface pits up to 300 nm in diameter. However, regenerating endothelia are characterized by the appearance of microvilli which attain their greatest length when the cells are rounded. At this stage, cells also possess filopodia and broad processes. In cytokinesis, the microvilli have shortened and blebs and ruffles appear for the first time. In contrast to rabbits and rats, frog endothelial cells of noninjured tissue are covered by microvilli and smaller surface pits of 60-70 nm diameters. During regeneration, these cells have reduced numbers of microvilli and extensive foldings of the membrane. Neither blebs nor filopodia occur during the mitotic cycle and ruffles are not detected until cytokinesis. PMID- 6604632 TI - Regional distribution of ventilation and perfusion in patients with obstructive pulmonary disease and alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. AB - Regional distribution of pulmonary ventilation and perfusion has been determined of 13 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Eight patients had alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (alpha 1 ATD). Ventilation studies were carried out using xenon-133 (133Xe) and krypton-81m (81mKr) gases. Trapping indices were determined from the wash-out part of the xenon ventilation studies. Results obtained from patients were compared with those of normal controls. Ventilation studies with 81mKr showed pulmonary changes more clearly than did 133Xe studies and the trapping of radio-xenon was more extensive in lung bases than in apices whether or not the patients had alpha 1 ATD. The distribution of perfusion followed a pattern similar to that of ventilation, but did not differ statistically from that of the normal controls. PMID- 6604633 TI - Failure to demonstrate pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein in serum, cerebrospinal fluid and tumor tissue in neurosurgical patients. PMID- 6604634 TI - Activation of human B lymphocytes: frequency of antigen-specific B cells triggered by alloreactive or by antigen-specific T cell clones. AB - Human T cell clones specific for tetanus toxoid (TT) or for alloantigens were isolated and expanded in culture using antigen stimulation and soluble growth factors. When stimulated by the specific antigen, the clones were able to proliferate in the absence of exogenous growth factors and to provide help to B cells. The alloreactive and TT-specific clones were compared for their capacity to help an anti-TT as well as a polyclonal antibody response. The frequency of the B cells activated to the production of specific antibody was determined by limiting dilution analysis in cultures containing limiting numbers of responding B cells and optimal numbers of cloned T helper cells. In these conditions a single activated b cell was able to produce about 10 ng of antibody. TT-specific clones, in the presence of low TT concentrations, selectively induced a number of TT-specific B cells to produce IgG antibody in the absence of a detectable polyclonal B cell activation. On the other hand the alloreactive clones activated higher numbers of TT-specific B cells as a part of a strong polyspecific B cell activation. In this case the antibody production did not require the presence of TT in culture; furthermore cells producing antibodies of unrelated specificities were also activated in allostimulated cultures. IgG anti-TT were produced only by immune donors, while IgM anti-TT were produced by immune and nonimmune donors, providing the B cells were activated by alloreactive clones. These data demonstrate that human memory B cells can be triggered by both antigen-specific and alloreactive T cells to antibody production. The alloreactive clones can therefore be used to analyze at the clonal level the repertoire of a pool of B cells that contain most, if not all, the memory antibody specificities. PMID- 6604635 TI - Antibodies specific for different T15 idiotopes induce neonatal suppression of the T15 idiotype. AB - The response of BALB/c mice to Pneumococcus pneumoniae is dominated by a single idiotype defined by the phosphorylcholine-binding myeloma protein TEPC 15 (T15). Injection of newborn BALB/c mice with antibodies to the T15 idiotype will lead to suppression of this idiotype. Such mice will respond to the antigen Pneumococcus, but with idiotypically different anti-phosphorylcholine antibodies. In an attempt to further characterize the effect of anti-idiotypic antibodies on induction of tolerance, three monoclonal antibodies specific for different T15 idiotopes were used. Although these antibodies belonged to the mouse immunoglobulin classes, IgG1 or IgG2 alpha, and were derived from different mouse strains, in all cases, a long lasting suppression could be induced. The data show that injection of idiotope-specific antibodies will suppress the T15 idiotype, but not necessarily the idiotope itself. The results are discussed in terms of the mechanism which will lead to the suppression of a dominating idiotype in the newborn mouse. PMID- 6604637 TI - Immune capacity of the chicken bursectomized at 60 hours of incubation: transplantation of bone marrow cells of the bursectomized chickens into cyclophosphamide-treated newly hatched recipients. AB - Chickens bursectomized at 60 h of incubation are known to be able to produce immunoglobulins (Ig) but not specific antibodies. In the present work bone marrow (BM) cells of 2- and 10-week-old embryonically bursectomized (Bx) chickens were transferred to newly hatched cyclophosphamide-treated chickens for the purpose of studying whether the transplanted cells home into the bursa and gain a capacity to produce specific antibodies. BM cells of normal 2- and 10-week-old chickens were transferred as controls. Cells of 2-week-old control (Co) and of 2- and 10 week-old Bx chickens could to some extent reconstitute serum Ig of the recipients, but were totally incapable of homing into the bursa and of restoring the specific antibody production. Only BM cells of 10-week-old Co chickens could restore the production of specific antibodies without homing into the bursa, indicating their postbursal nature. These findings indicate (a) that 2- and 10 week Bx BM cells have irreversibly bypassed the bursal phase of education, (b) that also the normal BM at the age of 2 weeks contains cells that are capable of Ig but not of specific antibody synthesis and (c) that bursal microenvironment is not necessary for isotype switch, but is essential for creation and expansion of the antibody repertoire. PMID- 6604636 TI - The immunomodulatory effect of anti-Micrococcus luteus antibodies. I. Effect on in vitro rabbit T cell functions. AB - A range of purified rabbit anti-Micrococcus luteus antibodies (anti-MCAb) were tested for their ability to interfere with a variety of in vitro immune responses. Such antibodies strongly inhibited the secondary IgG antibody response to sheep red blood cells without affecting the IgM response or the proliferative responses to mitogens and antigens. By exposing lymphocyte populations to anti MCAb, it was found that such reagents exerted a strong mitogenic effect on rabbit T lymphocytes, provided these cells were derived from antigen-activated lymph nodes. This mitogenic effect was also obtained with F(ab')2 fragments of anti MCAb and with hybridoma-derived anti-MCAb. Collectively, these data indicate that anti-MCAb inhibit the initiation of IgG synthesis possibly through the expansion of immunoregulatory T cell subsets. PMID- 6604638 TI - Incorporation of hormones and hormone-like materials by rat lymphocytes at different ontogenetic stages. AB - The quantities of hormones and hormone-like materials (histamine, dopamine, epinephrine, diiodotyrosine and corticosterone, in the following collectively: hormones) incorporated by the lymphocytes of neonatal rats were several orders greater than those taken up by the lymphocytes of adult rats. Uptake tended to decrease by one week of age, but it was still 2-3 times greater than in adulthood. It fell to a minimum at two weeks to one month of age, then it increased slightly by 2 or 6-8 months of age. PMID- 6604639 TI - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is required only during the traverse of early G1 in PDGF stimulated density-arrested BALB/c-3T3 cells. AB - Density-arrested BALB/c-3T3 cells that had received a transient exposure to PDGF and were then transferred to medium containing only EGF and somatomedin C (Sm-C) began DNA synthesis after the G0/G1 lag. Supraphysiological concentrations of insulin could be employed to replace the Sm-C requirement. This G0/G1 lag phase was bisected by the requirement for the exogenous presence of EGF. Our data indicated that EGF was required during the traverse of only the first half of G0/G1 phase (6 h) and not during the traverse of late G1. Subphysiological serum concentrations of Sm-C were also necessary to be present with EGF for progression through early G0/G1; however, traverse of the final half of G0/G1 and commitment to DNA synthesis required the presence of Sm-C. It was found that physiological concentrations of Sm-C were required for the traverse late G1. The requirement for Sm-C for G0/G1 traverse of BALB/c-3T3 cells as opposed to human fibroblasts or glial cells may be due to a difference in endogenous synthesis of an insulin like growth factor. Our data are in close agreement with previous reports that EGF is only required for approximately the first 8 h during traverse of the G0/G1 phase. The requirement for EGF to be present for the first 6 h of G0/G1 could result from a continued or repetitious event or by more than one distinct EGF requiring event. PMID- 6604640 TI - Phospholipid molecular species of frog rod outer segment membranes. AB - Phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were isolated from frog retinal rod outer segment (ROS) membranes and their major molecular species determined. Saturated fatty acids are predominantly located on position-1 and polyunsaturates on position-2, although this assignment is not absolute. One fifth of the species of PC are of the saturated and monoenoic type, compared to only trace amounts of these species in PE. On the other hand, PE contains at least 50% dipolyunsaturated species, while PC has 6%. The predominant molecular species of frog PC are: 18:0-22:6 omega 3 (39%), 16:0-22:6 omega 3 (17%), 16:0 16:1 (6%), 16:0-18:1 (5%) and 16:0-16:0 (4%). The major molecular species of frog PE are: 22:6 omega 3-22:6 omega 3 (21%), 18:0-22:6 omega 3 (18%), 18:1-22:6 omega 3 (14%), 22:4 omega 6-22:6 omega 3 (10%), 22:5 omega (3 + 6)-22:6 omega 3 (10%), 16:0-22:6 omega 3 (7%) and 20:4 omega 6-22:6 omega 3 (5%). The specific molecular species are discussed in relation to their effect on fluidity and asymmetry of ROS disc membranes. PMID- 6604641 TI - Specificity of glucose transport inhibitors in the frog lens. AB - The unidirectional fluxes (influx and efflux) of glucose across frog lens membranes were investigated using the radio-labelled sugar analogue 3-O-methyl-D [U-14C]glucose. The effect of various inhibitors of sugar transport on the movement of 3-O-methylglucose was studied and the specificity of the inhibition was estimated by carrying out concomitant measurements of lens sodium content. The movement of 3-O-methylglucose into the lens was rapid, and 50% equilibration occurred within 5 hr. The influx was reduced in the presence of phloretin, phloridzin, ouabain, iodoacetate and cytochalasin B, but only in the case of the latter was there no concomitant change in lens sodium content. Only cytochalasin B can therefore be regarded as a specific inhibitor of glucose transport. The efflux of 3-O-methylglucose was followed after 16 hr incubation with [14C]3-O methylglucose. The efflux kinetics had a double exponential form and the half time of the slower phase was 165 mins. The efflux of the slow phase was found to be sensitive to the presence of inhibitors. Phloretin and cytochalasin B produced the most marked reduction in efflux rate, but again only in the latter case was the effect reversible. Bidirectional transport of glucose therefore occurs in the lens and movement in both directions is reduced by cytochalasin B, which appears to be the only inhibitor of transport so far studied that does not disturb lens ion levels. PMID- 6604642 TI - [Kartagener's syndrome and abnormal cilia. Copenhagen, May 27-28, 1982]. PMID- 6604643 TI - Genetics of Kartagener's syndrome. AB - "Primary ciliary dyskinesia" is a group of various genetic diseases. A common property is various axonemal defects leading to ciliary dysfunction, which causes the typical clinical picture. Situs inversus occurs as a facultative symptom in half the cases. This combination is known as "Kartagener's syndrome", thus being a characteristic combination of symptoms, but no nosologic entity. Autosomal recessive inheritance has been proven in primary ciliary dyskinesia, but dominant new mutations can not as yet be excluded for sporadic cases. PMID- 6604644 TI - Bronchopulmonary symptoms in primary ciliary dyskinesia. A clinical study of 27 patients. AB - Lower airway symptoms in 27 patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (Kartagener's syndrome, "immotile cilia syndrome") are presented. Nine of the patients had reduced ciliary beating (defective dynein arms), ten asynchroneous ciliary beating pattern (7 spoke defects and 3 other microtubular abnormalities) and eight a newly described type of abnormal bearing "hypermotile cilia" (normal cilia ultrastructure). Seventeen (63%) had partial or total situs inversus. All had absent or markedly reduced mucociliary transport in the nose and chronic rhinosinusitis since early childhood, whereas lower airway symptoms had a tendency to start later on in life. This was especially found in patients with hypermotile cilia, who also had less pronounced pulmonary disease. The most characteristic feature of the disease was a slow chronic course with a daily productive cough. Half of the patients were not even affected in their daily activities. Fifteen (56%) had bronchiectasis, and atelectasis occurred in 12 (44%). With a few exceptions the lung function was normal or only slightly reduced. Haemophilus influenzae was the most common pathogen found in sputum, but some had chronic pulmonary pseudomonas or coli infection. Improvement was seen in the patients who were regularly given antibiotics and prophylactic treatment against mucus accumulation. PMID- 6604645 TI - The immotile-cilia syndrome compared to other obstructive lung diseases: a clue to their pathogenesis. AB - Twentyfour adults, aged 19-47 years, with congenitally nonfunctioning cilia were investigated by clinical examination, radiography, spirometry, and in most cases by tracheobronchial clearance measurements and ultrastructural examination of respiratory tract cilia and/or sperm tails. They all suffered from chronic bronchitis, rhinitis and sinusitis, and most of them had bronchiectasis and a history of otitis. Most had spirometrically overt obstructive lung disease and four radiological signs of emphysema. Clinical profile, lung function and mucociliary clearance data were compared to corresponding data from samples of patients with other obstructive lung diseases. These comparisons indicate that a long-standing impairment of mucociliary clearance is of pathogenetic importance in common chronic obstructive lung disease associated with chronic bronchitis, but not in emphysema associated with severe alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency without chronic bronchitis, and not in asthma. In cystic fibrosis and in hypogammaglobulinemia an impaired clearance is not of primary pathogenetic significance but may contribute to the development of obstructive lung disease. PMID- 6604646 TI - Lung function and bronchial reactivity in six patients with immotile cilia syndrome. AB - Previous studies of immotile cilia syndrome have shown airway obstruction. The aim of this study was to analyse lung function in such patients before severe chronic obstruction had occurred. Spirometry, lung volumes, pulmonary resistance and static pressure volume diagram were studied in six patients (ages 21-43 years). Closing capacity, the volume of trapped gas and the slope of the alveolar plateau were determined with N2 wash-out tests. Regional ventilation was studied with a gamma camera after inhalation of 99Tcm-tagged dry aerosol. Arterial blood gases were determined at rest and during exercise. Bronchial reactivity was studied with FEV1 before and after inhalation of methacholine aerosol. Five of six patients showed a rather uniform pattern, dominated by signs of "small airway disease" seen in e.g. volumes of trapped gas and closing capacity. Those five patients had uneven ventilation scintiscans and bronchial hyperreactivity. Spirometric findings and lung mechanics were influenced by lung resection, scoliosis and by the lability of bronchial tone. Five patients had normal arterial blood gases at maximum work load. Working capacity was essentially normal in all but one patient, who had a high degree of obstruction. Immotile cilia syndrome is thus compatible with a comparatively well preserved lung function and a normal working capacity far into adult life. PMID- 6604647 TI - Male and female infertility problems in the immotile-cilia syndrome. AB - The immotile-cilia syndrome is a heterogeneous disease. The dynein arms were missing totally or almost totally, and both spermatozoa and cilia were immotile in most cases examined by us. In other cases, the ciliary axoneme displayed other defects and the spermatozoa had motility although restricted; there was no progressive motility. Fourteen men with this syndrome were all sterile. Fifteen women had the syndrome and twelve tried to become pregnant. This had been successful (one, one, and two children) in three cases only. Thus, it appears that female fertility is also impaired in this syndrome, although not completely. No case of ectopic pregnancy has been reported. PMID- 6604648 TI - What can we learn about ENT diseases from Kartagener's syndrome. PMID- 6604649 TI - Primary ciliary dyskinesia: what has it taught us about pulmonary disease? PMID- 6604650 TI - Measurements of tracheobronchial clearance in patients with immotile-cilia syndrome and its value in differential diagnosis. AB - Tracheobronchial clearance was studied in twenty patients who fulfilled suggested criteria of the immotile-cilia syndrome and in eight other patients suspected of suffering from the syndrome, but who did not fulfill the criteria. Clearance was studied using 6 micrometers teflon aerosol particles tagged with 99mTc and external measurement of the radioactivity. The criteria were based on combinations of a typical history of bronchitis, rhinitis and sinusitis since childhood, hereditary data, situs inversus, sperm immotility and characteristic defects of respiratory tract cilia and sperm tails. All patients who fulfilled the criteria had an extremely slow, probably no, tracheobronchial mucociliary clearance, whereas all those who did not fulfill the criteria had some clearance. Evidently the diagnosis immotile-cilia syndrome can be obtained without clearance measurements in typical cases, but such measurements are of value in atypical cases, especially for excluding the syndrome. PMID- 6604651 TI - Nose-, sinus- and ear-symptoms in 27 patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia. AB - Nose-, sinus- and ear-symptoms, signs and tests were studied in 27 patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia. All subjects had had daily nasal discharge since birth or early childhood. X-ray examination showed sinusitis, and most patients had frequent episodes of sinusitis symptoms. The frequency of common colds was apparently not increased. As a general rule, the patients had chronic secretory otitis media, but few episodes of acute otitis media. Repeated suctions, punctures, and insertion of tubes had been disappointing, but more radical surgery of the nose and sinuses had helped some of the patients. It is concluded that knowledge of the very characteristic ENT symptoms is important in respect of an early diagnosis and starting preventive treatment in order to inhibit the development of lung damage. The ENT symptoms, on the other hand, are more often overtreated than the reverse. PMID- 6604652 TI - The frog palate for studying mucus transport velocity and mucociliary frequency. AB - The palate of the frog possess a pseudostratified epithelium with mucus secreting cells and numerous ciliated cells covered with a continuous mucus blanket of 4 to 8 micron thickness. This palate can be used as a simple model for studying mucus transport and giving rapid information on the transportability of pathological bronchial secretion by the ciliary mechanism. The analysis of the relationship between the rheological properties of sputum an their transport rates on the frog palate showed that the highest transport rates were obtained with sputum samples characterized by a high spinability (Sp greater than 70 mm) and an intermediate range of viscosity (25-180 P) and elasticity (SR = 4-12 units). The mucociliary frequency (Fm) of the frog palate was measured by a photoelectric method and analyzed as a distribution function of the ciliary frequencies by the Fast Fourier Transform method. Fm decreased significantly after mucus depletion and was restored when adding a drop of frog mucus collected on a freshly excised frog palate. On the other hand, it remained about 20% lower than the original predepleted value, when adding purulent sputum collected in patients with chronic bronchitis and cystic fibrosis. The frog palate appears as a valuable model for analyzing the mucociliary transport rate and also for studying the effect of pathological secretions on the ciliary beating frequency. PMID- 6604653 TI - Quantitative estimation of goblet cell density of the nose in patients with Kartagener's syndrome (primary ciliary dyskinesia). PMID- 6604654 TI - Investigation of children with abnormal cilia. PMID- 6604655 TI - Neutrophil function in primary cilia dyskinesia. PMID- 6604656 TI - Lung scintigraphy in 22 patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia. PMID- 6604657 TI - Influence of vestibulo-ocular reflex gain on human optokinetic responses. AB - In 15 patients with severe bilateral vestibular impairment (mean vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain less than 0.05), constant velocity optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) gain, optokinetic after nystagmus (OKAN) initial velocity, and OKAN duration were significantly (p less than 0.0025) lower than in 20 normal subjects of similar age. In the normal subjects VOR gain was significantly correlated (p less than 0.05) with OKAN initial velocity but not with OKAN duration or OKN gain. The results of this study provide additional evidence for the existence in human subjects of an optokinetic pathway whose function, like that of the subcortical optokinetic pathway in animals, varies with VOR gain. PMID- 6604658 TI - Effect of prednisolone in vitro on the migration ability of peritoneal macrophages in rats. AB - Prednisolone in vitro decreases the random migration of peritoneal macrophages in non-sensitized rats. In sensitized animals cells are sensitive or resistant to prednisolone's inhibitory action, depending on the presence of antigen in the culture. PMID- 6604659 TI - The effect of formulation factors on the solid state interaction between trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole in compressed tablets. PMID- 6604660 TI - [Analysis of the solid phase interaction between sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim by x-ray diffraction of the powder]. PMID- 6604661 TI - [Influence of environmental factors on skin concentrations of bradykinin in Rana esculenta]. PMID- 6604662 TI - [Synthesis of pyrazole and pyrazolo [4,3-d] pyrimidinone derivatives. II]. AB - Three new series of pyrazolic and pyrazolo-pyrimidinonic derivatives (II a-g), (III a-g) and (IV a-g), containing the substituted phenyl-hydrazide moiety were prepared and studied in order to check some information on the analgesic and antipyretic activity of an analogous series obtained in a previous work. Some derivatives (II b), (II d), (II f), (III b), (III c) and (IV d) show interesting analgesic activity. PMID- 6604663 TI - Research on heterocyclic compounds. XIV - Imidazothiazole and imidazobenzothiazole derivatives: synthesis and antiinflammatory activity. AB - A group of ethyl 6-methylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-5-carboxylates and 2 methylimidazo[2,1-b]benzothiazole-3-carboxylates was prepared by reaction of ethyl 2-chloroacetoacetate with some 2-aminothiazoles and 2-aminobenzothiazoles, respectively. Such reactions may sometimes afford a side product which was isolated and characterized. The ethyl esters were then converted into the corresponding acids by hydrolysis. Three of these acids were evaluated for antiinflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities, as well as for ulcerogenic potential. PMID- 6604664 TI - Translation and processing of normal (PiMM) and abnormal (PiZZ) human alpha 1 antitrypsin. AB - Human liver mRNA isolated from subjects phenotyped as homozygous PiMM or PiZZ alpha 1-antitrypsin, was translated in a reticulocyte cell-free system, and alpha 1-antitrypsin identified by immunoprecipitation. In the presence of dog pancreas membranes the translated alpha 1-antitrypsin appeared as a larger product. Treatment with endo-beta-N-glucosaminidase yielded a protein smaller than the reticulocyte translated product, presumably due to removal of the N-terminal signal sequence by membranes and sugar residues by endo-beta-N-glucosaminidase. Quantitation of alpha 1-antitrypsin translated from PiMM and PiZZ livers suggests that both mRNA species were present at the same cellular concentration, and that processing to the core glycosylation stage proceeded at identical rates. PMID- 6604665 TI - Activation of the binding of C1q to immune complexes by zinc. AB - ZnSO4 promotes the binding of C1q to immune complexes over the same concentration range (10(-5)-10(-4) M) that it inhibits binding of C1 to cell-bound immunoglobulin [Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1981) 103, 856-862]. At higher concentrations (10(-3)-2 X 10(-2) M) ZnSO4 inhibited the binding of C1q to immune complexes, [Ki = (6 +/- 2) X 10(-3) M]. This inhibition could be correlated with a ZnSO4-induced change in the tryptophan fluorescence of C1q [delta F 25%, Kd = (9.9 +/- 1.0) X 10(-3) M]. PMID- 6604667 TI - [Studies on the hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal axis in children by using 11-beta hydroxylase inhibitors. I. A gas chromatograph-mass spectrometric method for the determination of serum metyrapone and reduced metyrapone; a pharmacokinetic and biological study of metyrapone in children]. PMID- 6604666 TI - The absence of the long 3'-non-translated region in mRNA coding for eye lens alpha A2-crystallin of the frog (Rana temporaria). AB - The nucleotide sequence of a cloned cDNA (clone pRt(1)297; GENE (1982) 17, 131) coding for a 18 kDa polypeptide of the frog eye lens has been determined. The sequence, 791 nucleotide in length has only one long open reading frame (447 nucleotides). The derived amino acid sequence in this frame has greater than 90% homology with the region 25-173 of alpha A2-crystallin amino acid sequence from a related frog species Rana pipiens. The 5'-terminal part of mRNA corresponding to the first 24 amino acids of alpha A2-crystallin has been lost in cloning and substituted by an artefactual sequence. The 3'-terminal part appears to be intact as follows from the presence of the universal poly(A) addition site and poly(A) tract. The 3'-nontranslated region present in frog alpha A2-crystallin mRNA (130 nucleotides) is about 4-times shorter than in mammalian alpha A2-crystallin mRNA. Intact alpha A2-crystallin mRNA with a size of about 700 nucleotides as determined by Northern blot hybridization is about twice smaller than corresponding mammalian mRNAs. PMID- 6604668 TI - [Studies on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis in children using 11 beta-hydroxylase inhibitors. II. Studies of the age-differences of the development of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis--a comparison of the glucocorticoid pathway to the mineralcorticoid pathway]. PMID- 6604669 TI - [A simple method for the estimation of a urinary steroids profile using glass capillary gas chromatography with a solventless injection system]. AB - A simple method for the estimation of a urinary steroids profile with glass capillary gas chromatography is described. A 10ml portion of a urinary specimen was hydrolysed by Helix pomatia juice. Additional hydrolysis with ox-liver beta glucuronidase was necessary for the complete liberation of the urinary steroids from their glucuronides conjugates. Liberated free steroids were extracted with ethyl acetate, and the extract was washed and evaporated under reduced pressure. Finally extracted steroids were derivatised as MO-TMS (methoxime-trimethylsilyl) ethers. For the full-silylation of the steroids, the Sakauchi-Hornig method was employed and good results were obtained. An OV-101-WCOT column (30m length) was connected to the "solventless injection system" (a type of glass falling needle injection) and temperature-programmed gas chromatography was performed. By this method, eight fractions of 17-KS, Pregnanediol, Pregnanetriol, Pregnanetriolone, 5-Pregnentriol, tetrahydro-metabolites of 11-Deoxy-Cortisol and of Cortisol, and hexahydrometabolites of Cortisol were separated and quantitatively determined. Data processing was performed by an on-line microcomputer. The value in normal male and female controls was compatible with the results of glass capillary gas chromatography measured by Shackleton. Urine specimens from children with adrenocortical cancer and 21-hydroxylase deficiency were analyzed. Characteristic metabolic profiles of each patient were easily demonstrated. This method seems suitable for the routine clinical elucidation of abnormal steroid metabolism. PMID- 6604670 TI - An anatomical and electrophysiological study of synapse elimination at the developing frog neuromuscular junction. AB - Synapse elimination was examined in the developing frog cutaneous pectoris muscle using histological and electrophysiological techniques. Morphological synapse elimination occurred in two phases. The first phase, which began at the time of metamorphosis and continued until the second to third postmetamorphic week, was characterized by a rapid decline in the number of endplates receiving greater than or equal to 3 synaptic inputs. However, 50% of the muscle fibers still remained dually innervated. This dual innervation decreased with a much slower time course; approximately 20% of the muscle fibers were dually innervated in 1- to 2-year-old frogs. During the first phase of synapse elimination no difference was noted between the distribution of acetylcholine receptors or acetylcholinesterase activity associated with the terminal arborizations formed by separate axons at one synaptic site. However, terminal arborizations formed by small diameter axons and consisting of varicosities separated by thin interconnectives became apparent during this period. Such varicose arborizations responded to nerve stimulation and released acetylcholine in proportion to their terminal length as did the nonvaricose arborizations. In addition, the number of morphological and physiological inputs at one endplate site was well correlated throughout the first phase of synapse elimination. PMID- 6604671 TI - Sprouting and regeneration of frog motoneurons during synapse elimination. AB - The ability of frog axons to sprout and reinnervate during the period of synapse elimination was examined in the cutaneous pectoris muscle from young postmetamorphic frogs using histological staining of nerve terminals and postsynaptic acetylcholinesterase. Partial denervation of the cutaneous pectoris muscle during the period of synapse elimination produced rapid sprouting of the intact axons. The majority of denervated endplates were being reinnervated by sprouts within 3 days. In addition, total denervation performed by either sectioning or crushing the nerve was followed by functional reinnervation. Approximately 98% of the endplates were being reinnervated within 7 days after a nerve crush and 10 days after sectioning the nerve. PMID- 6604672 TI - L-5 HTP available under treatment IND. PMID- 6604673 TI - [Effectiveness of the aorto-coronary by-pass procedure in elderly patients]. AB - This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of coronary artery by-pass grafting (CABG) in elderly patients with coronary artery disease. A consecutive series of 79 patients, 65 years of age and older, who underwent CABG from 1975 to 1981 was analysed and their follow up status ascertained. This group was compared with a consecutive series of 397 patients under the age of 65 who underwent CABG during the same period. The patients aged 65 years or greater had a higher incidence of unstable angina pectoris (p less than 0.05). Coronary angiographic and left ventriculographic features were comparable in both age groups; also comparable were the number of saphenous veins graft utilized and the number of left ventricular aneurysmectomies and mitral valve replacements performed. The hospital mortality rate for patients aged 65 years and older was 12.6%, for those aged less than 65, it was 8.3%; if the other cardiac procedures are excluded mortality rates become 12.5% and 6.0% respectively (n.s.). Survival at 6 years was 92% for patients in both age groups. However, the symptomatic status was less favourable in older patients, compared with that obtained in younger patients (p less than 0.05). PMID- 6604674 TI - Diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 6604675 TI - Passage of a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube in a patient with endotracheal intubation. PMID- 6604676 TI - [Lactate dehydrogenase activity in the thrombocytes and thrombocytokinetics in children with von Willebrand's disease]. PMID- 6604677 TI - [Characteristics of the immunohematological indicators in patients with hypoplastic anemia during remission]. PMID- 6604678 TI - The latest research findings on immunosenescence. PMID- 6604679 TI - Rheumatic disease: an overview of geriatric problems. PMID- 6604680 TI - Effect of vitamin C supplements on cell-mediated immunity in old people. AB - Both ageing and vitamin C (VC) deficiency result in immune defect. Since low serum and tissue levels of VC are found in the elderly, we have in a placebo controlled study, tested the effect of VC supplements (500 mg/day i.m. for 1 month) on various immune parameters. Indeed, VC enhances the proliferative response of T lymphocytes in vitro, and the tuberculin skin hypersensitivity in vivo. Neither the serum concentrations of IgA, IgG and IgM, nor the proportion of E-rosette-forming cells were modified. No significant change was observed in the placebo-treated group. PMID- 6604681 TI - Change in subjective age among the elderly: a longitudinal analysis. PMID- 6604682 TI - [The vestibular apparatus and its diseases]. PMID- 6604683 TI - [Neuroparalytic keratitis]. PMID- 6604684 TI - [The nonoperative treatment of scoliosis (Cobb's method up to 30 degrees)]. PMID- 6604685 TI - Membrane current changes related to Na-Ca exchange diffusion in the bullfrog atrial muscle. PMID- 6604686 TI - [Studies on differences in thymus-dependency among the alloreactive T-cell subpopulations in their development]. PMID- 6604687 TI - [Nuclear medicine]. PMID- 6604689 TI - Marijuana. PMID- 6604690 TI - Watching the brain think. PMID- 6604688 TI - Idiopathic hemochromotosis and alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency: coexistence in a family with progressive liver disease in the proband. AB - A patient with coexistent hemochromatosis and alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency which led to cirrhosis and death despite adequate therapy for hemochromatosis is reported. Evaluation of the family revealed first degree relatives with iron overload and others with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency but none with both conditions. The role of family studies in the early recognition and possible prevention of overt clinical disease in individuals with either of these two genetic diseases is discussed. PMID- 6604691 TI - The effect of stimulus parameters on the recruitment characteristics of direct nerve stimulation. PMID- 6604692 TI - Cellular bases of the production of and response to interleukin-2 in man: role of autologous rosette-forming T-cell subsets defined with monoclonal antibodies. AB - In this paper we present experiments that indicate that, in man, most T-cell subpopulations produce interleukin-2 (IL-2), but that the main cell subpopulation which produces it, both upon activation with phytohaemagglutinin or in autologous mixed lymphocyte cultures, is that of autologous rosette-forming (Tar) T4+ T cells. Conversely, the main IL-2-responding T-cell subpopulation is that composed of T cells depleted of Tar (T-Tar) that are T8+. IL-2 was also found to be more effectively produced by Tar cells that do not bind peanut agglutinin (PNA) than by those that do. The PNA-T4+Tar cells were also found to respond best to interleukin-1 (IL-1). PMID- 6604693 TI - Identification and partial purification of human T lymphocyte colony-enhancing factor (LCEF), distinct from T cell-growth factor. AB - Colony growth of T lymphocytes in a soft agar culture system, following stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), is enhanced by T cell-derived conditioned medium (CM). The putative enhancing factor present in this CM has been termed lymphocyte colony-enhancing factor (LCEF). The purification of LCEF from CM has been complicated by the fact that active CM could be obtained only in the presence of 7-8 mg/ml of serum proteins. In order to circumvent this problem, CM which was shown to be active in the colony formation assay, was produced in the presence of a serum fraction precipitated by 1.6 M ammonium sulphate (AS). The first step of the purification of this CM was fractionation by 1.6 M AS, whereby the active material was fully recovered in the supernatant. The 20-fold purified material was applied on a DEAE-cellulose column. Two peaks of activity were obtained using the colony formation assay. The purification achieved by this second step was 5-10 fold for the first peak, eluting around 0.06 M NaCl, and two to three-fold for the second peak, eluting around 0.19 M NaCl. Two peaks of activity were also obtained upon hydrophobic chromatography on a phenyl-Sepharose column, with enhancement factors of 5-8 for the first peak and 25-60 for the second peak. These results imply the presence of more than one LCEF molecule in the original CM. None of the LCEF-active fractions contained any T cell-growth factor (TCGF) activity; LCEF seems therefore to be a molecular entity distinct from TCGF. PMID- 6604695 TI - Serum alpha-1-antitrypsin levels in pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 6604694 TI - Detection of HLA-DR associated PLT determinants by alloreactive lymphocyte clones. AB - This study deals with alloreactive T-cell clones which recognize cellular determinants associated with HLA-DR antigens. Two clones, CB55 and DS56, exhibited a PLT specificity that was perfectly associated with DR5. On the other hand, clones CB7, DS1 and HS1 showed PLT reactivity with approximately one-half of the DR5 positive cells and none of the DR5 negative cells, whereas clone MD4 largely reacted with the other half of DR5 positive cells. Another MLR culture generated two alloreactive clones DS6 and DS9 with PLT specificity for DR2. However, these clones did not respond to DR2 cells, which were also positive for the DR2-associated HLA-B7 and B18 antigens. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) inhibition studies showed heterogenous patterns, whereby monomorphic non-DR mAbs inhibited the DR2-associated PLT clones while the DR5-associated PLT clones were inhibited by different groups of anti-DR and non-DR mAbs. These observations suggest the existence of several lymphocyte-activating determinants associated with HLA-DR antigens. This diversity may be an important consideration in studies of the role of HLA-DR in immune mechanisms and transplant compatibility. PMID- 6604696 TI - Role of intramyometrial prostaglandin E2 in management of third stage of labour. PMID- 6604697 TI - Ability of human cord blood lymphocytes to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against influenza virus-infected cells. AB - Cord blood lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils from newborns were shown to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against influenza virus infected cells. Antibody mediating ADCC was detectable in cord plasma, indicating that all components necessary for ADCC against influenza virus-infected cells are present in newborns. Among adult lymphocytes, two effector cell populations of influenza ADCC are recognized: non-T and T gamma cells. Each of these cell types expresses an antigen recognized by monoclonal HNK-1 antibody. The proportion of HNK-1 antigen-positive lymphocytes in cord blood was markedly lower than in adult blood; furthermore, ADCC was mediated by cord blood lymphocytes which were HNK-1 negative. By lymphocyte fractionation, the effector lymphocytes in cord blood were, as in adults, non-T and T gamma cells, suggesting that HNK-1 antigen is not expressed on these cell lineages in newborns. PMID- 6604699 TI - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and mucosal candidiasis in a previously healthy homosexual man. AB - A fatal case of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a previously healthy homosexual man with no evidence of malignancy is reported. Despite appropriate treatment with high doses of i.v. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, the patient died. PMID- 6604698 TI - Further studies of the role of noncapsular antibody in protection against experimental Haemophilus influenzae type b bacteremia. AB - Serum antibody against polyribosylribitol phosphate, the capsular antigen of Haemophilus influenzae type b, confers protection against experimental Haemophilus infection. Antibodies against noncapsular antigens are also protective, but the antigenic specificity of the protective antibodies remains unknown. Antilipopolysaccharide antibody was prepared by immunization of rabbits with boiled H. influenzae type b cells. Antilipopolysaccharide antibodies present in these sera did not protect against experimental Haemophilus bacteremia in infant rats. Antisera were also prepared by immunization of rabbits with live H. influenzae type b bacteria. After absorption of anticapsular and antilipopolysaccharide antibodies, these sera contained antibody to several outer membrane proteins which were accessible on the intact bacterial surface as detected by radioimmune precipitation. These absorbed sera prevented experimental Haemophilus bacteremia in infant rats. Thus, antibodies against noncapsular, non lipopolysaccharide determinants, possibly against one or more outer membrane proteins, confer protection against experimental H. influenzae type b disease. In contrast, antibodies against lipopolysaccharide are ineffective. PMID- 6604700 TI - Homocytotropic and heterocytotropic activity of mouse IgG1 antibodies. AB - Mouse anti-ovalbumin antibodies were isolated by affinity chromatography and fractionated in a column of protein A-Sepharose. Three peaks were obtained: peak I that did not bind to protein A, peak II eluted with 0.5 M NaSCN and peak III eluted with 2.0 M NaSCN. Peak I and peak II contained IgG1 but no detectable IgG2 or IgG3, whereas peak II contained IgG2 and IgG3 but no detectable IgG1. Peak I, but not peak II, showed heat-resistant passive cutaneous anaphylactic (PCA) activity in rats, which was absorbed by anti-IgG1 serum but not by anti-IgE. Both peak I and peak II showed heat-resistant PCA activity in mice, that was absorbed by anti-IgG1. Peak III showed PCA activity in guinea pigs but not in mice or rats. These findings suggest that mouse IgG1 can be divided into 2 populations that differ in physicochemical and biological properties. PMID- 6604701 TI - A Rauscher-virus-induced T-lymphocyte cell line. Induction of differentiation under influence of dimethylsulfoxide and phorbolesters. AB - DBA/2 mice which are neonatally infected with Rauscher helper virus (R-MuLV) develop predominantly lymphatic leukemias. From one of these lymphatic leukemias we established a permanent cell line which we named RLD (Rauscher Lymphoid DBA/2). Phenotyping of this cell line with a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed to cell-surface determinants shows that RLD cells have T-cell characteristics: they bind monoclonal antibodies directed to the antigens Thy-1, T-200 and Lyt-1; they do not react with anti-Lyt-2 antibodies, nor do they react with antibodies directed to determinants on B cells or myelomonocytic cells. RLD cells show a high activity of the nuclear enzyme terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TdT). RLD cells are able to differentiate after in vitro stimulation with 1% DMSO or with 30 nM tetradecanoylphorbol-1.3-acetate (TPA). This differentiation process is reflected by (1) changes in the 2D gel electrophoresis pattern of metabolically labelled proteins, (2) a decrease in TdT activity and (3) changes in the expression of cell-surface markers. Flow cytometric analysis of stimulated RLD cells shows a strong increase in the Lyt-1 expression. Together these data indicate that RLD cells are immature T lymphocytes which upon appropriate stimulation differentiate along the line of T helper cells. PMID- 6604702 TI - Serum myoglobin concentration as an index of myocardial damage after cardiac surgery. AB - We assessed serum myoglobin concentration as an index of myocardial damage after cardiothoracic surgery in a dog model and man. Experimentally, we compared 12 dogs subject to left thoracotomy either with or without coronary artery ligation to cause an infarct. Serial blood sampling for 24 hours after surgery showed that the times taken for the myoglobin peak concentrations to appear distinguished the two groups without overlap. These times were 2.4 +/- 0.4 hours after surgery without ligation compared with 9.8 +/- 0.8 hours in the ligated group (P less than 0.001). Clinically, serial sampling was performed over 48 hours in 20 patients having undergone cardiac surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass. A further 80 patients were investigated for 12 hours. Myoglobin was compared with the activities of creatine kinase, 2-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase in relation to electrocardiographic criteria of myocardial damage. A myoglobin peak greater than 800 micrograms/1 appearing later than 6 hours after starting bypass was found in those patients suffering myocardial damage. The appearance times and activities of the enzymes tested were widely scattered and difficult to interpret. We conclude that blood samples taken at approximately 3 and 6 hours after starting bypass should suffice to characterise both peak myoglobin and its time of appearance which together form a sensitive index of myocardial damage. However, this conclusion is limited by the low incidence of myocardial damage (3%) in this group of patients. PMID- 6604703 TI - Functional importance of coronary collateral circulation. PMID- 6604704 TI - Hypnosis as an adjunct in the treatment of von Willebrand's disease. PMID- 6604705 TI - Modulation of murine lymphoma growth by MDP, MDP(D-D) and cyclophosphamide. 1. Inhibition of growth in vivo. PMID- 6604706 TI - Cellular mechanisms of immunity to the nematode Trichuris muris. PMID- 6604707 TI - Isolation and characterization of radiation-induced aliphatic peptide dimers. AB - alpha-Peptide radicals of L-Ala-L-Ala and tetra-L-Ala, formed from reaction with OH radicals, generated in H2O by ionizing radiation, were shown to give peptide dimers. These peptide dimers were separated and isolated by HPLC. On acid hydrolysis, all of the studied peptide dimers yielded alanine and 1,2-diamino-1,2 dimethyl succinic acid, which was characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as its TMS derivative. The described procedure is also suggested as a suitable method for isolation and characterization of amino acid dimers. PMID- 6604708 TI - Relative efficiencies of three ultraviolet radiation wavelengths for cell killing and transformation in mouse cells in vitro. AB - C3H 10 T 1/2 clone 8 mouse cells were irradiated in vitro with three U.V. wavelengths 280, 254, and 230 nm. Two effects were investigated, survival and malignant transformation, and the relative efficiencies were determined for the three radiations. For transformation, these efficiencies were: 280nm:3.9; 254nm:5.1; 230nm:2.3 (transformations produced by 5 Jm-2 of U.V. for 1000 surviving cells). For cell killing the efficiencies were, in relative units, 34, 100, and 50 respectively. These efficiencies are in agreement with the hypothesis that the main chromophore for both effects is the nucleic acid, and not the protein moiety of the genome. This conclusion agrees with that previously reached by other investigators, but our present results obtained with the short wave length 230 nm provide an especially strong new argument. PMID- 6604709 TI - Measurement of lymphoblastogenic activity from thorium workers. AB - Mitogenic stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures obtained from 36 thorium workers was studied to determine whether the response of these cells was affected by the individuals' occupational exposure to alpha irradiation. The standard assay involved incubating 2 X 10(5) lymphocytes per test well for 72 hours in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A) or pokeweed mitogen (PWM). The results showed that there was a significant decrease in lymphocyte responsiveness of former thorium workers grouped by decade of life when compared with controls of the same decade of life for each mitogen tested with the exceptions of PHA in the 41-50 age group and PWM in the 51-60 age group. We are unable to correlate the decreased response observed with the measured body burdens, external gamma exposure, or thoron exhalation rates in these thorium cases. However, other occupational exposures (i.e., various chemicals used in processing thorium) cannot be eliminated as a possible cause. PMID- 6604710 TI - Comparative effects of exposure to high-energy electrons and gamma radiation on active avoidance behaviour. AB - The effect of two types of ionizing radiation was examined on active avoidance behaviour. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to avoid footshock by jumping onto a retractable ledge. When irradiated with high-energy electrons or gamma photons, their performance was degraded in a dose-dependent manner. However, electrons were 1.6 times as effective as gamma photons with ED50s of 62 and 102 Gy, respectively. All animals recovered within 24 min for all doses used. The data suggest that different types of ionizing radiation may not be equivalent when assessing their effect on behaviour. PMID- 6604711 TI - Distribution of nuclease attack sites and complexity of DNA in the products of post-irradiation degradation of rat thymus chromatin. AB - The distribution of nuclease attack sites in chromatin has been studied on the basis of the quantitative relationship of the single- and double-stranded fragments of various lengths in the products of post-irradiation degradation of chromatin (PDN). It has been shown that in irradiated thymocytes internucleosome degradation of chromatin occurs and the products of the enzymic digestion of chromatin derive from randomly distributed genome areas accumulate. Analysis of the reassociation curves has not shown any differences in the complexity of the PDN fractions and total DNA. PMID- 6604712 TI - Comparative influence of hyperthermia and ionizing radiation on cycle and mitosis lengths in EMT6 mouse tumour cells. AB - With exponentially growing EMT6 mouse tumour cells in vitro, we have compared the effects of a dose of ionizing radiation and different temperature-time combinations on the lengths of the cell cycle and of mitosis using time-lapse cinematography on individual cells. The radiation dose and various temperature time combinations all produced 50 per cent lethality. The hyperthermia treatments between 42 and 45 degrees C all caused a mitosis delay (MD) which was greater than that induced by ionizing radiation. The MD was greater with increasing temperature. In contrast, hyperthermia also induced a mitosis lengthening (ML) but this was only of the same order of magnitude as radioinduced ML. The results argue in favour of different mechanisms underlying thermoinduced MD and ML. PMID- 6604713 TI - Hyperthermia in a differentiating murine erythroleukemia cell line: cell killing by heat and radiation. AB - The survival response of Friend erythroleukemia cells (a differentiating cell system) to heat and radiation has been examined. The Friend erythroleukemia cells (FELC) were more heat and radiation sensitive than V79 cells, and the heat and radiation survival curves possessed shoulders, showing the ability of the cells to accumulate sublethal damage. Thermal tolerance was expressed after prolonged heating at 41.0-42.0 degrees C. Thermal radiosensitization by heating at 42.0 or 45.0 degrees C was greatest for simultaneous heat and radiation treatments, and recovery occurred when the cells were incubated at 37 degrees C between the heat and radiation or radiation and heat treatments. Arrhenius analysis of the FELC heat survival data showed that the curve for thermal inactivation possessed a break at about 43.0 degrees C and that the thermal inactivation energies above and below the break point were comparable to those for V79 cells and other cell lines reported in the literature. PMID- 6604714 TI - Effect of prolonged heating on the thermal enhancement ratio in X-irradiated murine intestine. AB - When the jejunum in mice was heated for 20-180 min at temperatures between 40.3 and 42.3 degrees C, followed immediately by X-irradiation, the thermal enhancement ratio (TER) for crypt survival increased and then tended to decline with longer heating times. At the higher temperatures, the TER was higher and the peak value was reached with shorter heating times. The decline in TER with longer heating times may be due to the development of thermotolerance. PMID- 6604715 TI - The effect of ionizing radiation on tryptophan fluorescence of thymocyte and erythrocyte plasma membranes. AB - The effect of ionizing radiation on tryptophan fluorescence of thymocyte and erythrocyte plasma membrane preparations was studied. The intensity of tryptophan fluorescence decreased after applying radiation doses up to 15 Gy. The radiosensitivity of thymocyte membranes appeared to be higher than that of the erythrocyte ghosts. Tryptophan radiolysis did not significantly contribute to the effects of radiation. The fraction of tryptophan residues accessible for quenching by I- decreased from 0.87 in the untreated membranes to 0.63 and 0.49 in membranes after doses of 10 and 250 Gy, respectively. The effective quenching constant and the tryptophan fluorescence polarization increased after irradiation. The mechanisms producing these radiation-induced changes are discussed. PMID- 6604716 TI - Oxygen as radiosensitizer: methods of analysis. PMID- 6604717 TI - On the use of a biologic sealing system (Tissucol) in periodontal surgery. PMID- 6604718 TI - Quantitation of perfused myocardial mass using Tl-201 and emission computed tomography. PMID- 6604719 TI - Intractable diarrhea in histiocytosis-X. AB - In an infant with fatal disseminated histiocytosis-X, intractable diarrhea was the initial symptom and remained prominent during the further course of the disease. Intestinal biopsy revealed extensive histiocytic infiltration of the lamina propria. Although involvement of the gastrointestinal tract, mostly with diarrhea, is probably not unusual in generalized histiocytosis-X, this fact is rarely mentioned in the literature. Intractable diarrhea as a major symptom of this disease has not yet been described. PMID- 6604720 TI - Bleeding abomasal ulcers in adult dairy cattle. AB - Case records of abomasal ulcers in adult dairy cattle admitted to the University of Pennsylvania during a 12-year period were reviewed. The only records retrieved were those for cases in which the clinical signs were directly associated with gastrointestinal bleeding. Of 6,385 adult cows admitted during the study period, 69 had clinical ulceration. Twenty-four were bleeding ulcers: 12 nontumor associated bleeding ulcers and 12 lymphosarcoma-associated bleeding ulcers. Nontumor-associated bleeding ulcers were commonly found in young cows (7 cows less than or equal to 4 years old) that often had concurrent postparturient disease conditions. Lymphosarcoma-associated bleeding ulcers were found more commonly in older cows (10 cows greater than or equal to 6 years old) during all stages of lactation, often without concurrent diseases (8 cows). PMID- 6604721 TI - Evidence for the presence of androgen receptors in purified rat Leydig cells. AB - Leydig cells, purified on two sequential Percoll gradients to purities of 89 +/- 1%, were used to study the binding of 17-beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-methyl-estra 4,9,11-triene-3-one(3H-R1881). The accumulation of 3H-R1881 in the nuclear fraction of these cells was time- and temperature-dependent. Specific binding was saturable with an apparent Ka of 0.14 nM-1 and a single class of binding sites at a concentration of 721 fmol/mg DNA. A fraction of the bound radioactivity in the nuclear pellet could be extracted with 0.4 M KCl, and a portion of this extracted steroid was associated with macromolecular species. The nuclear accumulation was androgen-specific. These data are consistent with the presence of androgen receptors in rat Leydig cells. PMID- 6604722 TI - The origin and properties of beta-lactamase satellite bands seen in isoelectric focusing. AB - Citrobacter diversus 2046E and Branhamella catarrhalis 2001E each produce a constitutive, chromosomally mediated broad-spectrum beta-lactamase. Isoelectric focusing of both enzymes revealed patterns of multiple 'satellite' bands. The principal satellite bands of each enzyme were isolated and characterized. Individual bands of each enzyme gave similar substrate profiles, molecular weights and responses to inhibitors to one another. The results support the theory that satellite bands are due to the loss and/or modification of specific amino acid residues resulting in biologically active molecules with altered nett charges. PMID- 6604724 TI - Isoelectric focusing of beta-lactamases on cellulose acetate membranes. AB - Cellulose acetate membranes treated with boron trifluoride in methanol were found to provide suitable support material for isoelectric focusing of beta-lactamases; the method used is described. A linear pH gradient was obtained and the application of visible pI markers allowed the pH gradient to be monitored as focusing proceeded. beta-Lactamases extracted from antibiotic-resistant coliform organisms focused as sharp, straight bands upon visualization with nitrocefin. Results were known within two hours of applying the beta-lactamase extracts. The method allows a very economical use of expensive ampholyte and offers a quick and more simple alternative procedure for the identification of beta-lactamases than the conventional polyacrylamide gel method. PMID- 6604723 TI - Is treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis with intramuscular mezlocillin justifiable? AB - A group of patients admitted to hospital with acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis was treated with two daily injections of 1 or 2 g mezlocillin intramuscularly for ten days, 19 patients receiving 1 g and 17 the 2 g doses. Serum and sputum mezlocillin concentrations were measured microbiologically on the first treatment day. The peak serum levels averaged 23 mg/l after 1 g and 34 mg/l after 2 g, and the corresponding average sputum peak concentrations were 0.78 and 1.26 mg/l respectively. Fourteen of the 36 patients had infections associated with beta-lactamase-producing bacteria and nine of the positive cultures on the last treatment day also showed beta-lactamase producers to be present. Most of the MICs for the sensitive bacteria were of the order of 2-4 mg/l, but the MICs for the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were greater than 16 mg/l. Mezlocillin was relatively inactive against many of the common respiratory pathogens--even when these were not beta-lactamase producers--by virtue of poor penetration. PMID- 6604725 TI - [Emergency treatment of hemorrhage due to ruptured esophageal varices: continuous intra-arterial perfusion of vasopressin and transhepatic embolization: apropos of 81 patients]. PMID- 6604727 TI - Mechanism of the activation of delta-aminolevulinate synthetase in Rhodopseudomonas spheroides by rat liver mitochondrial fraction. PMID- 6604726 TI - In vivo metabolic intermediates of phospholipid biosynthesis in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. AB - The in vivo metabolic pathways of phospholipid biosynthesis in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides have been investigated. Rapid pulse-chase-labeling studies indicated that phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol were synthesized as in other eubacteria. The labeling pattern observed for N-acylphosphatidylserine (NAPS) was inconsistent with the synthesis of this phospholipid occurring by direct acylation of phosphatidylserine (PS). Rather, NAPS appeared to be kinetically derived from an earlier intermediate such as phosphatidic acid or more likely CDP-diglyceride. Tris-induced NAPS accumulation specifically reduced the synthesis of PS. Treatment of cells with a bacteriostatic concentration of hydroxylamine (10 mM) greatly reduced total cellular phospholipid synthesis, resulted in accumulation of PS, and stimulated the phosphatidylglycerol branch of phospholipid metabolism relative to the PS branch of the pathway. When the cells were treated with a lower hydroxylamine dosage (50 microM), total phospholipid synthesis lagged as PS accumulated, however, phospholipid synthesis resumed coincident with a reversal of PS accumulation. Hydroxylamine alone was not sufficient to promote NAPS accumulation but this compound allowed continued NAPS accumulation when cells were grown in medium containing Tris. The significance of these observations is discussed in terms of NAPS biosynthesis being representative of a previously undescribed branch of the phospholipid biosynthetic sequence. PMID- 6604728 TI - Stable oligosaccharide microheterogeneity at individual glycosylation sites of a murine major histocompatibility antigen derived from a B-cell lymphoma. AB - The H-2Kk glycoprotein has been isolated by monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography, and an analysis of the asparagine-linked oligosaccharides present at the two major glycosylation sites has been performed. Antigen obtained from the AKTB-1b B-cell lymphoma that had been labeled with [2,6-3H]mannose for 5 or 21 h or for 5 h followed by a 5-h chase was digested exhaustively with trypsin. Each glycosylation site was then isolated by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography using a C18 column. After removal from the peptide backbone by the almond emulsin peptide: N-glycosidase, the oligosaccharides from each isolated site were analyzed by gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography, concanavalin A affinity chromatography, and glycosidase treatment to assess the contribution of sialic acid and branching patterns of the oligosaccharide backbones to the overall microheterogeneity. The glycosylation of the H-2Kk antigen derived from several different AKTB-1b tumor preparations was examined during a period covering 1 year, during which time the tumor was passaged continuously in vivo in 2-week cycles. Our results conclusively demonstrate that the pattern of oligosaccharide microheterogeneity at the two glycosylation sites of the H-2Kk antigen derived from AKTB-1b cells is stable and that each site differs as to the specific array of oligosaccharide types found on the fully processed glycoprotein. In addition, this report describes an analytical scheme employing reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography to follow oligosaccharide processing and hydrolysis of the N-glycosidic bond by the peptide: N-glycosidase. PMID- 6604730 TI - Regulation of self-renewal of human T lymphocyte colony-forming units (TL-CFUs). AB - Formation of human T lymphocyte colonies in semisolid medium from T lymphocyte colony-forming units (TL-CFUs) under stimulation of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) has been reported by several authors. These TL-CFUs were present in unsensitized lymphocyte populations. We report here that such TL-CFUs are capable of renewing themselves. This was observed when colony cells from primary T cell colonies that developed in the presence of PHA were replated in methylcellulose medium containing irradiated autologous leukocytes and PHA. We have also been able to demonstrate serial transfer of TL-CFU for up to six passages. At each passage, colony-forming frequency was determined from the proportional relationship between the number of new colonies obtained and the number of colony cells plated. Examination of the number of new colonies derived from each individual T cell colony ("burst size of TL-CFU") showed that most colonies contained very few new TL-CFU and only a very small number of colonies contained many new TL-CFU. The distribution of burst sizes could be well fitted to a gamma distribution, in agreement with prediction from a stochastic model. We have identified an activity that enhanced the mean TL-CFU burst size three to ten times. This work provides the first evidence in vitro that self-renewal of human T lymphocyte progenitor cells can be stimulated by specific regulatory proteins. PMID- 6604729 TI - Onset of apoprotein E secretion during differentiation of mouse bone marrow derived mononuclear phagocytes. AB - A number of macrophage functions were sequentially expressed when the bone marrow precursors of mononuclear phagocytes differentiated in culture in the presence of a specific growth factor, colony-stimulating factor-1. We have defined the expression of apoprotein E (ApoE), a major secreted protein of resident peritoneal macrophages, during maturation of adherent bone marrow-derived mononuclear phagocytes into macrophages. By 5 d the bone marrow macrophages were active secretory cells, but few cells contained intracellular immunoreactive ApoE, and little, if any, ApoE was secreted. ApoE secretion was initiated at 9 d, and this correlated with an increase in the percentage of macrophages containing intracellular ApoE. The onset of ApoE secretion was selective, and little change occurred in the other major secreted proteins detected by [35S]methionine incorporation. In parallel, the high rate of plasminogen activator secretion, which peaked at 7 d, decreased markedly. ApoE secretion was not associated with altered expression of the macrophage surface antigen, Ia, or with secretion of fibronectin. Virtually all cells in independent colonies of bone marrow-derived macrophages eventually expressed ApoE. The proliferating monocyte/macrophage-like cell lines P388D1, J774.2, WEHI-3, RAW 264.1, and MGI.D+ secreted little or no ApoE. These data establish that ApoE secretion is developmentally regulated. PMID- 6604731 TI - Cell fractionation with affinity ligands conjugated to agarose-polyacrolein microsphere beads. AB - A new effective insoluble support useful for cell fractionation based on agarose polyacrolein microsphere beads (APAMB) of diameters 150--250 micrometers has been developed. The synthesized polyacrolein (PA) microspheres, of average diameter 0.2 micrometer, are provided with reactive aldehyde groups through which various ligands containing primary amino groups are bound covalently in a single step at physiological pH. Antibodies coupled to the microspheres are very effective for labelling of cell surface receptors on human red blood cells and mouse lymphoid cells. APAMB were obtained by encapsulating the PA microspheres with agarose. Antibodies and lectins bound to the APAMB serve to construct affinity columns for the separation of red blood cells and murine lymphocyte subpopulations. Anti human red blood cell antibodies coupled to anti-immunoglobulin APAMB are effective in separating human from turkey red blood cells, whereas either anti Thy 1.2 anti-immunoglobulin antibodies or soybean agglutinin coupled to APAMB have proved useful for the separation of T and B cells from heterogeneous population of spleen cells. The separation procedure is simple, rapid and effective. The viability of the fractionated cells is unaffected by the procedure and the recovery of the cells is high: between 80% and 100%. PMID- 6604732 TI - Pulmonary cytology in foundry workers. AB - The prevalence of cellular atypias has been determined in relation to smoking history, age and type of work of male foundry workers in different departments of a foundry. Participation of the workers was 95%. Out of 677 workers, 528 had results within normal limits, 36 showed mild atypical metaplasia while 4 persons got moderate atypias; 48 individuals showed unsatisfactory results and 61 did not complete the tests. Prevalence of abnormal findings ranged from 4.2% in non smokers to 7.8% in smokers of more than 21 cigarettes. The prevalence also increased with age in smokers only. Variations in prevalence associated with employment in different departments of the foundry varied little and were not statistically significant. PMID- 6604733 TI - Effect of renal function on plasma levels of bone Gla-protein. AB - Plasma bone Gla-protein (BGP) is a sensitive and specific marker for metabolic bone disease. Because BGP is removed from the circulation mainly by kidney clearance, increased plasma BGP in subjects with impaired renal function could be due to decreased renal clearance, increased bone metabolism, or both. These factors were evaluated in 62 patients with various degrees of renal failure in whom we measured plasma BGP, [125I]iothalamate clearance [a measure of glomerular filtration rate (GFR)], and [131I]o-iodohippurate clearance (a measure of effective renal plasma flow). In all patients with GFR greater than 30 ml/min X 1.73 m2, plasma BGP was within the normal range for age- and sex-comparable control subjects, and large increases in plasma BGP did not occur until GFR was below 20 ml/min X 1.73 m2. Nonlinear regression analysis showed that the variation in plasma BGP was substantially accounted for using the exponential of GFR. Similarly, plasma BGP was normal for values of effective renal plasma flow above 150 ml/min X 1.73 m2. Thus, for normal subjects and patients with mild to moderate renal failure, plasma elevations of BGP reflect increased bone turnover rather than decreased renal filtration. PMID- 6604734 TI - Growth in the area of the inferior dental foramen of rats. AB - The object of the present investigation was to see if the bone around the inferior dental nerve remodelled during mandibular growth and development. The investigation was carried out by injecting 27 albino Lewis rats with three fluorescent bone seeking dyes--oxytetracycline HCl (OTC), alizarin red S (ARS), and 2,4 bis-[N,N'-di' (carbomethyl-aminomethyl)] fluorescein (DCAF)--and then studying the bone around the inferior dental foramen. The mandibles of the animals were studied both macroscopically and microscopically under ultraviolet light to investigate the growth processes occurring and to see if the inferior dental foramen was relocated during growth. A quantitative analysis utilizing two specimens was also carried out for the same purpose. The results of both the qualitative and the quantitative analyses showed that the bone around the inferior dental nerve remodeled during mandibular growth. The mandible grew in an upward and backward direction, and the inferior dental foramen was correspondingly relocated in an upward and backward direction to maintain exactly the same position relative to the condyle and the posterior border of the ramus. This study, then, supports Moss's concept of the "unloaded" nerve, and is in keeping with his view of mandibular growth based on the functional matrix theory. PMID- 6604735 TI - Semiquantitative culture of Gardnerella vaginalis in laboratory determination of nonspecific vaginitis. AB - To evaluate the usefulness of quantitative cultures of Gardnerella vaginalis in the laboratory determination of nonspecific vaginitis, the actual and relative numbers of G. vaginalis in genital cultures of a general patient population were assessed semiquantitatively, and the laboratory results were then correlated with the clinical findings. Of the 1,585 women studied, 417 (26.3%) yielded G. vaginalis in culture. Of these, only 113 (27.1%) were found to have symptoms and signs consistent with nonspecific vaginitis. G. vaginalis was obtained in pure or predominant growth from 87 of 100 consecutive cases with nonspecific vaginitis and 32 of 100 consecutive cases without the symptoms or signs of vaginitis (P less than 0.001). Hence, the positive predictive value of isolation of G. vaginalis in pure and predominant growths was determined to be 73% (87 of 119). Conversely, G. vaginalis was isolated in mixed or light growth significantly more often from asymptomatic women than from symptomatic patients, i.e., 68 versus 13 cases. Therefore, the negative predictive value of isolation of G. vaginalis in mixed and light growths was found to be 84% (68 of 81). Quantitation of the relative amount of G. vaginalis growth had higher predictive values as compared with the assessment of G. vaginalis growth alone. We conclude that quantitative culture of G. vaginalis is essential to obtain maximum reliability of culture results in the laboratory determination of nonspecific vaginitis. Although quantitated cultures of G. vaginalis have high predictive values, laboratory results must be interpreted in conjunction with the clinical findings. PMID- 6604736 TI - Growth of Haemophilus influenzae in simulated blood cultures supplemented with hemin and NAD. AB - The mean generation time of Haemophilus influenzae in simulated blood cultures is 103 to 107 min. With 0.56 to 0.58 doublings per h, even large inocula of 256 cells per ml reach only 2 X 10(6) cells per ml and produce no visible evidence of growth after 24 h of incubation. Hemin and NAD added to simulated blood cultures triple the rate of growth of H. influenzae, so that even small inocula produce visible turbidity after overnight incubation. With a mean generation time of 36 min, a single cell of H. influenzae in simulated blood culture supplemented with hemin and NAD undergoes 30 doublings in 18 h, producing 2(30) (1.07 X 10(9] cells and visible turbidity. PMID- 6604737 TI - Effect of midbrain stimulus-induced analgesia on immune function in humans. AB - Electrical stimulation of midbrain structures produces significant and clinically useful analgesia in humans. However, it has been suggested to have immunosuppressive effects in animals. We evaluated immune function in two women who were utilizing implanted midbrain electrodes for pain control. An elevated B cell percentage was observed in one patient after a 72-h control rest period and this was followed by a reproducible fall in B cells after acute stimulation. However, midbrain electrical stimulation did not appear to have any other acute or chronic effects on these persons' immune functions. PMID- 6604738 TI - Accuracy of methods used for susceptibility testing of Haemophilus influenzae in United Kingdom laboratories. AB - Antibiotic susceptibility test reports on 1841 strains of Haemophilus influenzae from 25 microbiology laboratories were compared with results obtained with the same strains at The London Hospital Medical College. Of strains found to be sensitive to the antibiotics tested, 0.5% were reported as tetracycline resistant, 1.6% as ampicillin-resistant, and 6.2% as trimethoprim-resistant. Of strains found to be resistant to these antibiotics, 37% were reported as tetracycline-sensitive, 27% as ampicillin-sensitive, and 66.7% as trimethoprim sensitive. Factors found to be of significance in improving accuracy of sensitivity reporting included use of chromogenic cephalosporin and low-content antibiotic discs for detection of ampicillin resistance, and use of lysed blood agar rather than chocolated blood agar to detect trimethoprim sensitivity. PMID- 6604739 TI - Birth dates of trigeminal motoneurons and metamorphic reorganization of the jaw myoneural system in frogs. AB - Drastic alterations in oral behavior characterize metamorphosis of anuran amphibians. Changes cascade through all components of the jaw apparatus from bone to muscle to nerve. In this investigation, tritiated thymidine autoradiography was used to determine the production schedule of the trigeminal motoneurons in the leopard frog, Rana pipiens. The time of origin of these neurons and their subsequent fate are of special interest given the breakdown of the larval jaw muscles and the de novo generation of adult muscle fibers during metamorphosis. Specifically, we wanted to learn whether trigeminal motoneurons are added, deleted, or reused during metamorphic climax. The entire complement of trigeminal motoneurons was produced over a 4-day span commencing at embryonic stage 13 and terminating at stage 20. Newly formed neurons are added to the primordial trigeminal nucleus in an orderly pattern. Firstborn neurons settle in the ventrorostral region of the nucleus; cells with progressively later birth dates were added in a posterodorsal direction. No additional trigeminal motoneurons are generated during larval maturation or at metamorphosis, thus indicating that the same population of neurons is present throughout the lifespan of the animal. From these observations we suggest that, during metamorphosis, the trigeminal motoneurons that supply the larval muscles switch their allegiance to the newly formed adult jaw muscles. This change of peripheral targets can be viewed as a respecification of the trigeminal motoneurons. PMID- 6604740 TI - Maturation and recycling of trigeminal motoneurons in anuran larvae. AB - Development of the trigeminal motor system was analyzed in Rana pipiens larvae and adults. The aim of this investigation was to determine the postmetamorphic fate of the primary motoneurons that innervate the larval jaw muscles. Specifically, we wanted to ascertain whether these neurons were deleted in conjunction with their muscular targets during metamorphosis or reused to innervate the adult jaw muscles. Cell counts and horseradish peroxidase tracer were used to distinguish between these two possibilities. The number of trigeminal motoneurons was relatively constant in premetamorphic and prometamorphic larvae. A small reduction in the cellular complement of the motor nucleus occurred during metamorphic climax, but the majority (approximately equal to 90%) of the primary motoneurons were retained from the larval to the adult nervous system. The cell loss may represent motoneurons that innervated specific larval muscles that have no adult successors and thus the entire myoneural unit degenerates. Retrograde tracers indicated that all trigeminal motoneurons extended axons into the jaw muscles of both premetamorphic larvae and adult frogs. These observations provide further support for the recycling of the trigeminal motoneurons. PMID- 6604741 TI - Marked increase in 24-h urine vanillylmandelic acid in a patient after coronary by-pass surgery: need for cautious interpretation. PMID- 6604742 TI - Aggressive behavior in the home as a function of the age and sex of control problem and normal children. AB - This cross-sectional study investigated the ability of age, sex, and clinic referred or nonreferred status of children to account for variance in the performance of aggressive behavior. Two clinic-referred groups and one normative group of children, composed of 137 males and 86 females between the ages of 3 and 13, were observed during unstructured family interactions in the home setting. Measures of aggressive/aversive child behavior included a composite total aversive behavior (TAB) score, a physical aggression (PAB) score, a verbal aggression (VAB) score, a passive-dependent behavior (PDB) score, and a disobedience (DSB) score. The total regression model and referral status were significant for each of these dependent variables. Age was significant for each variable except VAB, and sex was significant only for PAB. Significant age X group interactions were obtained for TAB, PDB, and DSB. Rates of behavior clearly differentiated groups, but the relationship of age and sex of child to behavior rates was the same across groups. Decreases in all behaviors with increasing age, except for VAB, replicate findings from previous studies in preschool settings. However, the meager sex differences failed to replicate more robust findings generally reported in previous research. PMID- 6604743 TI - Reduced production of histamine-induced suppressor factor (HSF) by atopic mononuclear cells and decreased prostaglandin E2 output by HSF-stimulated atopic monocytes. AB - To characterize the defect responsible for abnormal histamine-induced suppressor cell function observed in atopic subjects, we studied histamine-induced suppressor factor (HSF) production and augmented prostaglandin E2 production. In addition, we exogenously provided interleukin 1 to determine whether abnormal histamine-induced suppressor cell function could be corrected by this monokine. Mononuclear cells from 16 asymptomatic atopic subjects generated significantly less (p less than 0.01) histamine-induced suppressor activity than cells from 10 nonatopic controls, and mean suppressor-factor production was also significantly reduced (p less than 0.01). The latter two responses were not corrected by interleukin 1. Atopic monocytes produced significantly less (p less than 0.01) prostaglandin E2 in response to suppressor factor than did control monocytes. The atopic group had phenotypically normal numbers of T-helper cells, T-suppressor cells, and ratios of these cells. These data indicate that despite having phenotypically adequate numbers, T-suppressor cells from atopics produce fewer suppressor signals than cells from nonatopics and their monocytes produce less prostaglandin E2 even if the suppressor signals are provided. PMID- 6604744 TI - Complications in cataract surgery. AB - Cataract surgery has a high rate of success. However, complications may affect any structure in the eye either during the immediate post op period or after. This paper will review the more common complications seen in aphakia. PMID- 6604745 TI - Retinitis pigmentosa--an overview. AB - Retinitis pigmentosa is a retinal pigment dystrophy of multiple genetic inheritance patterns affecting approximately .5% of the world population. It may be recognized clinically by observing specific ophthalmoscopic changes, as well as through psychophysical and electrodiagnostic testing. It may also be associated with several other genetic conditions. Basic research indicates that while there is no specific cure, certain precautions may prevent rapid acceleration of the disease process. This article presents an overview of retinitis pigmentosa, including its diagnosis and genetic patterns, and discusses various auxiliary aids and filters that may be helpful in protecting and increasing visual function in R.P. patients. PMID- 6604746 TI - A simple method for estimating cytoplasmic diffusion coefficients. AB - The diffusion coefficients of radioactively labelled substances in cytoplasm or other fluids are determined in vitro. The fluid containing the labelled substance is filled into a cylinder with one open end, through which the labelled substance diffuses out into a stirred outer medium. The diffusion coefficient is calculated by a one-dimensional diffusion equation from the rate of loss from the cylinder, and the length of the cylinder. The diffusion coefficients of tritiated water in several fluids have been determined. The results are in good agreement with those obtained by other methods. PMID- 6604747 TI - Frequency analysis of functional immunoglobulin C and V gene expression in murine B cells at various ages. AB - The frequencies of lipopolysaccharide- (LPS) reactive B cells and their antibody specificity repertoire have been determined in the spleen and bone marrow (BM) of mice at different ages. A limiting dilution culture system was employed that allows the growth and development of every LPS-reactive B cell into a clone an IgM-secreting cells that are capable of switching to other Ig heavy chain isotypes (C gene expression). The secretion of IgM and IgG1 was assessed in the protein A plaque assay, whereas specific IgM antibody-secreting cells (V gene expression) were detected with the use of plaque assays specific for various heterologous erythrocytes and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) coupled with a number of different haptens. The frequencies of LPS-reactive B cells in the spleen and BM of C3H/Tif, C57BL/Ka, BALB/c, and CBA/Rij mice appeared to be similar in 6- to 12- and 100-wk-old animals, as was the switch frequency to IgG1 secretion in three strains tested. Moreover, no age-related changes were observed in the frequencies of antigen-specific B cells within the pool of LPS-reactive B cells in the spleen and BM of C57BL/Ka mice. The frequencies ranged from 1 in 10 to 1 in 20 for NIP4- and NNP2-SRBC, from 1 in 50 to 1 in 100 for TNP30-SRBC, and from 1 in 1000 to 1 in 4000 for SRBC, HRBC, and GRBC. The specificity repertoire of the "spontaneously" occurring ("background") IgM-secreting cells in the spleen and BM, on the other hand, did differ between young and old C57BL/Ka mice. During aging the frequencies of the tested specificities decreased in the spleen but increased in the BM. Our data indicate that in unintentionally immunized mice the clonal selection of B lineage cells by antigen takes place at the level of the mature, antigen-reactive B cell. PMID- 6604748 TI - Self recognition of accessory cell Ia determinants is required for the in vitro generation of hapten-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. AB - The present study has addressed the involvement of Ia determinants in the in vitro generation of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. It demonstrated that the in vitro generation of TNP-specific CTL responses strictly requires responder T cell recognition of self-Ia determinants expressed by accessory cells, and that this recognition could be specifically inhibited by monoclonal anti-Ia-antibodies. The generation of TNP-specific CTL responses was unaffected by the presence of anti-I-A antibodies or the absence of accessory cells when cultures were performed in the presence of an exogenous source of T helper cell factors, Con A SN. Thus, these results indicate that T helper cell recognition of self-Ia determinants expressed by accessory cells is required for the generation of TNP-specific CTL responses. These results preclude the possibility that accessory cells perform only immunologically nonspecific roles in the generation of hapten-specific CTL, but instead demonstrate that accessory cells function in such responses as Ia-bearing antigen-presenting cells for the activation of self-Ia-specific T cells. PMID- 6604749 TI - An IL 2-secreting T cell hybridoma that responds to a self class I histocompatibility antigen in the H-2D region. AB - A self-reactive T cell hybridoma that secretes IL-2 in response to H-2d haplotype cells resulted from a fusion of BALB/cBy lymph node cells with the AKR thymoma BW5147. The lymph node cells used had been enriched for cells reactive to (TG)-A- L, but neither this antigen nor fetal calf serum were required for stimulation of the hybridoma designated 3DT52.5. The gene product responsible for stimulation mapped to the H-2D region. Allogeneic cells of the b, f, k, q, and s haplotypes failed to stimulate. Not all H-2d haplotype cells were effective stimulators of 3DT52.5. Peritoneal cells and splenic B cells were much more stimulatory than splenic T cells. Most tumor cell lines of H-2d derivation and of B cell or macrophage/monocyte lineage were stimulatory, whereas H-2d T cell lines were not. The capacity to stimulate 3DT52.5 did not correlate with the ability to stimulate I region-restricted hybridomas, or with the ability to be induced to stimulate such hybridomas. Stimulatory cell lines did not apparently produce a soluble factor required for stimulation, and negative cell lines were not inhibitory. The monoclonal antibody 27-11-13, which reacts with H-2D of the b, d, and q haplotypes, inhibited stimulation of 3DT52.5 but did not inhibit stimulation of the sibling hybridoma 3DT18.11, which responds to (TG)-A--L plus I-Ad. Conversely, the monoclonal anti-I-Ad antibody MK-D6 inhibited stimulation of 3DT18.11 but not 3DT52.5. Although it is clear that 3DT52.5 recognizes a class I antigen coded for in the H-2D region, the precise molecular nature of the antigen is unknown. The structure of the antigen receptor on this hybridoma may prove to be of interest when it can be compared with receptors found on T cell hybridomas restricted by class II histocompatibility antigens. PMID- 6604750 TI - Differentiation of B lineage cells from liver of neonatal mice: generation of immunoglobulin isotype diversity in vitro. AB - The development and differentiation of B cells expressing different immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes was studied in cultures of murine neonatal liver cells. Before culture, 5 to 15% of the liver cells were mu + pre-B cells; 1 to 3% had surface IgM and less than 0.1% had slgG. During 4 days in culture the number of pre-B cells declined, whereas the number of IgM B cells increased greater than 20-fold; IgG B cells also increased in number. Of the four subclasses, IgG3+ and IgG2b+ cells predominated, each representing 3 to 10% of the total B cells at day 4. IgG1+ and IgG2a+ cells were present in lower numbers, representing 1 to 5% and 0.3 to 2.5% of B cells, respectively. Most IgG+ cells also expressed sIgM. Only a minority (less than 10%) of the sIgM+ cells were sIgD+, and most sIgG+ cells were sIgD-. Few T cells were present in these cultures (less than 0.5% in newborn liver), and sIgG+ cells were generated in normal frequencies in cultures of cells from nude mice. The numbers of B cells expressing each IgG subclass were similar in cultures from athymic nu/nu mice, nu/+ heterozygous littermates, and normal BALB/c mice. Plasmablasts and plasma cells appeared over a 14-day culture interval, and these expressed cytoplasmic IgM, IgG3, IgG1, IgG2b, IgG2a, and IgA. Measurable amounts of the first four isotypes were detected in the culture supernatants by radioimmunoassay. These results indicate that neonatal B cells can undergo isotype switching in the absence of T cell help, and that the expression of sIgD may not be a prerequisite for cells to switch Ig isotypes. PMID- 6604751 TI - Activation of natural killer-derived cytotoxic T lymphocytes. I. Regulation by macrophage and prostaglandins. AB - The present study describes a mechanism that regulates the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) derived from natural killer (NK) cells. In the absence of antigenic stimulation, polyclonal activation of cytotoxic lymphocytes was induced by culturing the splenic responders with exogenous peritoneal macrophages and indomethacin. The effectors were characterized as T cells, whereas the precursors were of NK origin. To activate these NK-derived CTL, although there was no need for direct contact between responding precursors and macrophages, the role of macrophages could not be substituted by the addition of exogenous IL 2, macrophage supernatant, or IL 1. In contrast, supernatant from syngeneic lymphocyte-macrophage cultures with indomethacin induced CTL generation. This finding indicates that other lymphokines might also be produced and that they are essential for CTL activation. The need for indomethacin, a prostaglandin (PG) synthetase inhibitor, indicated that PG also played a regulatory role. The addition of 1 X 10(-9) M to 1 X 10(-8) M exogenous PGE2 to the cultures in the first 24 to 48 hr completely suppressed CTL activation. Our results clearly show that through regulation by macrophages and PG, NK-derived precursors differentiated into mature CTL. A different receptor repertoire appeared to be present in different clones of NK precursors. In the absence of antigenic stimulation, removal of the restriction by PG allowed the macrophages or their products to interact with the lymphocyte to produce various lymphokines. These lymphokines further signaled the NK precursors to be polyclonally activated and to differentiate into CTL. PMID- 6604752 TI - Ligand-induced association of rat lymphocyte membrane proteins with the detergent insoluble lymphocyte cytoskeletal matrix. AB - There are two classes of membrane protein capping on the basis of ligand requirements. Surface immunoglobulin (Slg), the prototype of the first class, requires a single ligand for cap induction. RT1 (rat histocompatibility proteins) requires two antibodies for cap induction. The lateral mobility of Slg is relatively restricted compared with RT1. These differences may be due to differential interaction with the cytoskeleton. After ligand binding 71% of Slg becomes detergent insoluble and is associated with the lymphocyte cytoskeletal matrix. The insolubilization occurs at 4 degrees C and is not inhibited by sodium azide or cytoskeleton-active drugs. The insolubilized ligand-receptor complex can be solubilized by a cytoskeleton destabilizing buffer. In contrast, only 20% of RT1 becomes associated with the lymphocytic cytoskeleton after ligand binding. The ligand-induced receptor-cytoskeleton interaction influences capping behavior and may play a role in cell activation. PMID- 6604753 TI - Activation of C1 by soluble IgG aggregates as detected by a novel one-step hemolytic assay that specifically measures the proenzyme form of C1s. AB - A new hemolytic assay is described that specifically measures the precursor form of the C1s subcomponent of the complement system. The assay employs a C1s depleted reagent obtained by immunoadsorption of fresh human plasma on immobilized goat anti-human C1s antibodies. Linear Z plots are obtained with nanogram levels of precursor C1s, whereas C1s completely fails to induce hemolysis in the assay. Because low concentrations of C1s do not interfere with the activity of precursor C1s, the assay can be used for the stoichiometric measurement of C1 activation. The precursor C1s assay was applied to the study of C1 binding and activation by soluble aggregates of human IgG (AIgG). Incubation of purified human C1 with AIgG caused a temperature-independent consumption of whole C1 hemolytic activity, indicating binding of C1, but almost no consumption of the total (precursor + activated) C1s activity. On the other hand, activation of C1, measured as the time- and temperature-dependent consumption of precursor C1s, could greatly exceed the binding of C1. These findings can be explained by using recent findings concerning the association-dissociation equilibrium between C1q and the tetrameric complex of C1r and C1s. PMID- 6604754 TI - Trypanosomal surface coat variant antigen causes polyclonal lymphocyte activation. AB - Variant antigen, the primary component of the surface coat of the salivarian trypanosome, when injected i.v. into mice at dosages encountered during acute infections, produced some of the immunopathogenic phenomena associated with acute African trypanosomiasis. Trypanosome-infected and variant antigen-treated mice had splenomegaly caused by proliferation of null cells, B and T lymphocytes, and macrophages. Splenic B lymphocytes were nonspecifically activated to produce antibodies to sheep erythrocytes (SE), to trinitrophenylated-SE, and to fluoresceinated-SE. This polyclonal activation apparently depleted antigen reactive lymphocyte populations as indicated by a reduced SE-specific, plaque forming cell response after immunization in vitro. As judged from the results of in vitro immunization and mitogen assays, injections of variant antigen did not induce nonspecific immunosuppression, which indicated that the polyclonal B cell activation and nonspecific immunosuppression may be uncoupled events induced by different parasite products. The polyclonal lymphocyte activation was induced with variant antigen isolated by either ion exchange or lentil lectin column chromatography and by variant antigen isolated from antigenically dissimilar Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosoma brucei brucei clones. PMID- 6604755 TI - Covalent coupling of antigens to chemically activated lipopolysaccharide: a tool for in vivo and in vitro specific B cell stimulation. AB - A simple chemical method is described which creates cyanate groups on the saccharide core of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The activated LPS molecule is stable at pH 3.5 and can be kept for months at -20 degrees C without loss of properties. The strong reactivity of the cyanate groups permits efficient covalent coupling of various molecules to LPS. This is done under non-denaturing conditions. This paper also describes the coupling of microquantities of antigen (5-10 micrograms) to LPS. The 'LPS-antigen' conjugates are easily purified upon centrifugation at 15,000 X g. These compounds are mitogenic for B cells and trigger in vivo or in vitro production of antibodies directed against the coupled antigen. In vitro, a concentration of conjugate as low as 10(-2) micrograms/ml triggers specific antibody synthesis. Injection of 5 micrograms of conjugate in mice induces a humoral response detectable 7 days after immunization. B cells cultured for 5 days with an adequate dose of the LPS-beta-galactosidase conjugate were fused with the Sp2-0-Ag cell line to give anti-beta-galactosidase hybridomas. PMID- 6604756 TI - Sorting of B lymphoblasts based upon cell diameter provides cell populations enriched in different stages of cell cycle. AB - Here we report analysis and correlation of changes in cell size and cycle state resulting from exposure of murine B lymphocytes to the mitogens lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and dextran sulfate (DxSO4). Cell cycle changes are assessed by flow cytofluorometric analysis of acridine orange stained cells. Cell diameters are determined by flow cytometric analysis of the pulse-width (time of flight) of the axial light extinction signal. Results indicate that within 12 h of exposure of B cell populations to these mitogens, cells displaying increased diameter and containing increased RNA can be detected. Under these conditions, increased RNA content is considered indicative of G0 to G1 transition or entry into cell cycle (Darzynkiewicz et al., 1976). Progressive increases in cell size and transition through G1, S, G2, and M occur in parallel during 48 h of culture with mitogens. Sorting of cells based upon size followed by cell cycle analysis reveals a direct correlation between cell size and cycle phase. Specifically, cells 4.5-5.5 microns in diameter are in primarily G0. Cells 5.5-7.0 microns in diameter are in early G1. Populations of cells 7.0-10 microns in diameter are comprised of late G1 and S phase cells. Populations of cells 10-12 microns in diameter consist of S, G2, and M phase cells. The importance of this correlation is discussed in view of needs to more rigorously define B cell populations for investigations of biochemical events of and accessory cell requirements for activation of B lymphocytes. PMID- 6604758 TI - H-2K restriction of the T cell-mediated lysis of a chemically-induced BALB/c fibrosarcoma. AB - Previous work has shown that a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immune response of syngeneic mice immunized with a chemically-induced BALB/c (H-2d) fibrosarcoma was directed against an individual tumour-associated antigen. To see whether this reaction was restricted by products of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), anti-H-2 alloantisera to K or D antigens were used to interfere with the CTL-mediated immune response. Antisera to Kd but not to Dd antigens inhibited the lytic activity of CTL against fibrosarcoma cells. In addition, the study of the CTL response in F1 leads to P antitumour immunized chimeric mice showed that antitumour cytotoxicity developed only when F1 and parental host shared the Kd region. Both experiments strongly indicate that recognition of the individual tumour-associated antigen of the BALB/c fibrosarcoma is restricted by the products of H-2Kd genes. PMID- 6604757 TI - Analysis of human peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated by counterflow centrifugation-elutriation. AB - Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation have been fractionated by counterflow centrifugal elutriation (CCE). Six CCE fractions were obtained and subsequently analyzed as for their content of monocytes, T cells, NK cells and B cells. The various cell types were identified through the expression of specific surface membrane determinants or by cytochemical staining for alpha-naphthyl acid esterase (ANAE). Monocytes were elutriated at the highest counterflow rates whereas the majority of B cells were collected at the lowest counterflow rates. T cells as well as NK cells were mostly concentrated in the intermediate fractions. No differences in the elutriation profile of T cells with the helper-inducer or with the cytotoxic suppressor surface phenotype were observed. However, the percentages of T cells as determined by surface marker expression decreased with increasing counterflow rates, whereas the percentage of ANAE-positive T cells increased. Yet, T cells recovered at the high counterflow rates had ANAE-reactive organelles larger than those of T cells collected at low counterflow rates. These findings suggest that T cells at different maturational stages could be separated by CCE. PMID- 6604759 TI - Surface determinants of Haemophilus influenzae pathogenicity: comparative virulence of capsular transformants in normal and complement-depleted rats. AB - In an assessment of the contribution of different capsular polysaccharides to the pathogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae, the virulence of H influenzae strain Rd and of a series of capsular transformants (types b, c, d, and f) of strain Rd was compared and in normal and complement-depleted rats. After intraperitoneal inoculation, the encapsulated transformants were strikingly more virulent than strain Rd, although their pathogenicity varied; type b was the most virulent, type c the next most virulent, type f less virulent, and type d the least virulent. C3 depletion enhanced the susceptibility of rats to systemic infection but did not influence the relative virulence of the transformants. Comparative studies of clearance showed efficient intravascular survival of type b, c, and f transformants but not of the type d transformant or strain Rd; C3 depletion enhanced the intravascular survival of type d. Further analysis of the capsular transformants revealed differences in the electrophoretic characteristics of their lipopolysaccharides. These studies indicate that elaboration of a unique capsular polysaccharide may not be a sufficient explanation for the greater virulence of H influenzae type b and that lipopolysaccharide may contribute to the mediation of the differential pathogenicity of the various serotypes. PMID- 6604760 TI - Chronic schistosomiasis mansoni: splenic myelopoiesis and inhibition of neutrophil granulocytopoiesis mediated by the sera of patients. AB - The correlation among schistosomal infection, splenomegaly, and modifications of circulating blood leukocytes was studied. Peripheral neutropenia was found to occur concomitantly with incomplete splenic myelopoiesis of the neutrophil line. Sera from patients with schistosomiasis modified the proliferation of murine bone marrow cells in soft-agar cultures. A total inhibition of neutrophil differentiation was compensated for by a proportional increase in macrophage differentiation. The neutrophil-inhibitory activity of sera of patients with schistosomiasis may be responsible for the delayed in vivo maturation of neutrophils in the bone marrow and spleen of these patients. PMID- 6604761 TI - Electrophoretic heterogeneity and interstrain variation of the lipopolysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was extracted from 50 isolates of Haemophilus influenzae by a rapid micromethod and was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. LPS isolated by this method was electrophoretically indistinguishable from conventionally purified LPS but lacked the large degree of heterogeneity indicative of variable polymerization of O-side chain repeating units; one to four bands appeared in gels. Electrophoretic profiles of LPS from H influenzae type b varied among strains and were useful for subtyping. Thirty-three isolates of type b were classified into 11 subtypes on the basis of stable band mobilities. Certain isolates of identical outer-membrane protein subtype differed in LPS subtype. The LPS profiles of non-b, typable strains of H influenzae were generally similar in microheterogeneity to those of type b strains, while those of untypable isolates usually displayed less electrophoretic variation. PMID- 6604762 TI - Human leukocyte antigens in women with recurrent urinary tract infections. AB - The HLAs of the major histocompatibility complex in humans have been associated statistically with many diseases [1]. The possibility that recurrent UTIs in women are controlled in part by genotypic traits was suggested by the observation that adherence of Escherichia coli in vitro to both vaginal and buccal cells was greater for patients with such infections than for healthy control subjects and that there was a strong correlation between vaginal cell and buccal cell receptivity [2]. A3 antigen was identified in 12 (34%) of the patients. This frequency was significantly higher in patients than in healthy control subjects, but it was not significantly different from the frequency observed in the reference population. After correction for the number of comparisons made, there was no statistically significant difference between patients and control subjects with any other antigen. These data suggest that HLA A3 may be associated with increased risk of recurrent UTIs. PMID- 6604763 TI - Bacteriuria due to Ureaplasma urealyticum and Gardnerella vaginalis in women with preeclampsia. AB - Certain fastidious organisms such as U urealyticum and G vaginalis can be isolated from the aspirated bladder urine of pregnant women more frequently than conventional urinary pathogens such as Escherichia coli [1]. They can be isolated even more often from the aspirated bladder urine of patients with renal disease, but rarely from that of healthy men or nonpregnant women [2]. We investigated the incidence of bacteriuria due to these two organisms--particularly U urealyticum- in patients with preeclampsia. U urealyticum was isolated more frequently (rate, 20%), and usually in higher colony counts, from the urine of patients with preeclampsia than from that of healthy pregnant women (rate, 7%). G vaginalis was isolated with approximately the same frequency as U urealyticum from specimens of bladder urine; both organisms were isolated from the urine of 11 patients (eight healthy women and three with preeclampsia). High colony counts of G vaginalis were also found more frequently in patients with preeclampsia. In both groups other fastidious organisms were isolated in a total of only five patients, and in four of these five cases U urealyticum and/or G vaginalis were also isolated from the same specimen. Urine cultures were more frequently positive in patients with moderately severe hypertension (blood pressure, greater than 160/100 mm Hg) than in those with mild hypertension (blood pressure, 140/90-160/100 mm Hg, occurring in nine (53%) of 17 patients and in nine (26.5%) of 34 patients, respectively. This difference was not statistically significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6604764 TI - Failure to demonstrate special virulence of nontypable Haemophilus influenzae biotype 4 in neonatal sepsis. PMID- 6604765 TI - [Surgical treatment for variant angina]. PMID- 6604766 TI - [Radionuclide angiographical assessment of the effects of aorto-coronary bypass grafting on ventricular function during rest and exercise]. PMID- 6604767 TI - [Changes in serum levels and urinary excretion of potassium after a use of cold potassium cardioplegic solution in open heart surgery]. PMID- 6604768 TI - [High dose methotrexate with citrovorum factor rescue therapy. (2) Measurement of methotrexate and its major metabolite, 7-hydroxymethotrexate in cerebrospinal fluid by high pressure liquid chromatography]. PMID- 6604769 TI - Assessment of bone turnover in postmenopausal osteoporosis by measurement of serum bone Gla-protein. AB - Controversy persists regarding the abnormality of bone turnover responsible for bone loss in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. To evaluate this, we measured serum bone Gla-protein (BGP), a specific marker for bone turnover, in 62 untreated patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Results were compared with those in 142 normal women and were expressed as standard deviations from the age adjusted predicted mean (Z score). Serum BGP was increased (+0.48 S.D., p = 0.002) in the osteoporotic patients; 9.7% of patients were greater than 2 S.D. above but none were greater than 2 S.D. below the normal mean. Moreover, when data from normal postmenopausal women (ages 51 to 75 years) and the osteoporotic patients were merged, significant negative correlation existed (r = -0.36, p less than 0.001) between serum BGP and bone density of the lumbar spine assessed by dual photon absorptiometry. Serum alkaline phosphatase, a less specific marker for bone formation, was also increased (+0.96 S.D., p less than 0.001) in the osteoporotic patients. The data suggest that overall bone turnover is increased in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis and do not support the concept that an absolute decrease in bone formation is the major cause of the bone loss. PMID- 6604770 TI - The role of prekallikrein and high-molecular-weight kininogen in the contact activation of Hageman factor (factor XII) by sulfatides and other agents. AB - Hageman factor (HF, factor XII), adsorbed to negatively charged agents, is transformed to an activated state in which it initiates reactions of the intrinsic pathway of thrombin formation by activating plasma thromboplastin antecedent (PTA, factor XI). High-molecular-weight kininogen (HMWK, Fitzgerald factor) and plasma prekallikrein accelerate these early steps in the clotting process. Questions have been raised about the role of HMWK in the activation of Hageman factor by surfaces. In the present studies, we report that the activation of purified human HF by sulfatides, ellagic acid, kaolin, or glass occurred in the absence of HMWK. Indeed, small amounts of HMWK inhibited activation of HF by ellagic acid. Physiological concentration of HMWK had little or no influence on the activation of HF by sulfatides, kaolin, or glass, but higher concentrations (3 to 6 times more) showed the same inhibitory effect as after activation by ellagic acid. This inhibitory property of HMWK may be attributed to competitive binding of HF and HMWK on the surface of the activating agents. In fact, when HF was added to kaolin or glass that had been incubated with HMWK and then washed, the inhibitory effect persisted, indicating HMWK that was bound to the surface blocked activation of HF. Studies with 125I-HF and 125I-HMWK supported this interpretation. Plasma prekallikrein accelerated activation of the amidolytic properties of HF by sulfatides, kaolin, or glass but did not influence activation of HF by ellagic acid. In the presence of plasma kallikrein, HMWK at moderate concentrations slightly accelerated the rate of activation of HF by activating agents other than ellagic acid. Higher concentrations of HMWK counteracted both the accelerating effect of prekallikrein and the inhibitory effect observed when HF was incubated with an excess of kaolin. These experiments, then, support the view that the procoagulant function of HMWK is localized to a point subsequent to the activation of HF. PMID- 6604772 TI - High voltage galvanism vs. low voltage currents. PMID- 6604771 TI - Alterations in human natural killer cell activity and monocyte cytotoxicity induced by zinc deficiency. AB - Zinc deficiency alters lymphocyte and monocyte function in man and animals. A patient with isolated zinc deficiency was found to have lymphopenia (420 lymphocytes/microliter), depressed T-cell mitogen response (48% of normal control), increased numbers of circulating T-suppressor cells (OKT8 reactive cells) and decreased circulating T-helper cells (OKT4 reactive cells). Activity of the patient's natural killer (NK) cells was 1 lytic unit/10(6) cells (normal 10 to 40), and monocyte cytotoxicity (MC) was four times that of normal controls. Zinc repletion in vivo improved the peripheral lymphocyte count, corrected the abnormal OKT8-to-OKT4 ratio, normalized T-cell response to mitogen, improved NK function, and lowered MC to control values. A divalent cation chelator, 1,10 orthophenanthroline (OP), was used to simulate zinc deficiency in vitro. T-cells exposed to OP are nonresponsive to mitogen unless zinc is added. NK function of lymphocytes from normal donors exposed to OP was depressed in a time- and dose dependent manner. NK activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 12 normal donors exposed to 50 microM OP for 16 hr was 10.3 +/- 7 lytic units/10(6) cells (mean +/- S.E.M.) vs. 32.6 +/- 14 for cells incubated in medium alone. When monocytes were exposed for 16 hr to 50 microM OP, however, MC significantly increased to a range two to five times that of control. OP-induced alterations of lymphocyte and monocyte function was reversed by the addition of 50 microM zinc but not calcium or magnesium. Since NK activity and MC are thought to be important in host tumor immunity, alterations in zinc metabolism may have important implications for human tumor immune surveillance mechanisms. PMID- 6604773 TI - The Computerized Notation System (CNS). A microcomputer system for rapid entry of notes by physicians and nurses. AB - A computerized notation system has been developed to produce a digital medical data base. Use of a separate physical record for every 1-4 patients allows several years of accumulated data to be easily accessible for patient "summaries" or admission "histories and physicals." To facilitate entry of data in the system, the physician is provided with a portable, complete computer system (HP 85, or Epson HX-20), a user-defined two-letter dictionary, and a program that produces all elements of the manual paper charting system. "Overview" and research data bases are developed from the digital medical data base records. In this paper, we report the efficiency of use of this computerized notation system in private outpatient and inpatient practice. PMID- 6604774 TI - Computerized medical records. A new resource for clinical decision making. AB - A computerized medical record changes the way a clinician practices medicine by presenting data about patients in multiple organized formats. A computerized record can be used to make it more difficult to overlook important findings. The computer can improve communication by informing both the patient and referring physicians of new data as they become available. Computer graphics or algorithms can be used to emphasize subtle trends. A computer data base can be used to aggregate data about selected patients to provide information about the natural history of disease and effect of treatment. PMID- 6604775 TI - GOG meets RPMIS. Experience with computerized data management in a cooperative group setting. AB - The Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) is a multiinstitutional, multidisciplinary cooperative group. Its clinical trials encompass the planning, initiation, execution, analysis, and presentation of results of management and treatment of patients with gynecologic cancer. The GOG Statistical Office, located at Roswell Park Memorial Institute, is responsible for data management and analysis of all patients entered into GOG protocols. Present annual accrual is approximately 1,600 patients; 37 protocols are active, while follow-up continues on 9 studies that are closed to patient entry. RPMIS is a formatted video-based system of programs for file creation, data entry, editing, updating, retrieval, and report generation. It has been utilized in more than 500 intrainstitutional research studies at Roswell Park. In the past, data management for the GOG had been based on computer entry via punched cards, and on hand-filled reports. The switch to RPMIS used required major reorganization of the data-handling process and was first attempted on a limited basis. As the advantages of RPMIS became evident, the whole data management operation was gradually converted to the new system. In this paper, batch processing and RPMIS utilization are compared and contrasted in terms of time saved, human engineering, quality control, and satisfaction of information requests. PMID- 6604776 TI - Implementation of an on-line archive for retrieval of laboratory results for outpatients. AB - An on-line archive of laboratory results designed specifically for ambulatory care areas is described. It is a direct result of paper-flow problems in clinics, which were manifested by numerous phone calls to the laboratory for test results performed up to 10 months ago, and requiring as much as 30 minutes each for retrieval. The archive is incorporated into the result inquiry program of our laboratory computer and is transparent to the user. Utilization of this system by our personnel saves up to 12 hours of work each day. By capturing in a separate file the patient location of each call for outpatient results we are able to identify the clinics that use the telephone for retrieval of test results. PMID- 6604777 TI - A "data engine" using SAS and INQUIRE. AB - The data base management structure described in this paper combines the features of on-line accessibility and multiple-record management of INQUIRE, a software product of the Infodata Corporation, with the off-line efficiency of SAS, the Statistical Analysis System vended by the SAS Institute. The design process advocated herein involves the consolidation of information throughout the clinic setting into a set of single-entry source documents whereby each datum is collected only once, except for key identifiers, and a system allocation to real time processing only for those data elements required for immediate access by users. Other data are processed in batch and stored off line but are catalogued in an on-line INDEX as part of the INQUIRE structure. The resultant software product is referred to as a "data engine," which has the capability of low-cost efficiency, being run entirely in batch, but allows growth to full on-line services, and is designed to function as the control node of a network. PMID- 6604778 TI - A computerized MIS to support the administration of quality patient care in HMOs organized as IPAs. AB - All federally qualified HMOs must develop and implement quality assurance programs for monitoring the quality of care, the quality of services, and the costs of inpatient and ambulatory care. Such quality assurance programs are diverse and vary in administrative structure, criteria, review procedures, feedback, and decision making. This paper describes a computerized quality assurance reporting system operating in an HMO organized as an IPA network. The design and use of various MIS reports containing information on inpatient utilization and costs, physician office visits and physician practice patterns, physician productivity, physician referral patterns and costs, and the health problems of members are presented. The importance of these MIS-generated reports on the operations of IPA medical groups and the HMO and how they are used by medical directors, HMO management, and committees charged with quality assurance responsibilities is also included. PMID- 6604779 TI - Conversion of manual to total computerized medical records. Experience with selected abstraction. AB - The use of computerized medical records for complex medical patients will depend upon the transfer of previous medical data from the manual record into the automated version. The complexity of these patients precludes the complete transfer of medical data into the automated record because of time requirements. This paper describes a method of transfer of medical data from the manual record to the computerized record that is efficient, accurate, and useful. PMID- 6604780 TI - Effects of 17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-methyl-estra-4,9,11-triene-3-one (R 1881): evidence for direct involvement of androgens in the defeminization of behaviour in rats. AB - The synthetic androgen 17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-methyl-estra-4,9,11-triene-3-one (methyltrienolone, R 1881) binds specifically and with high affinity to androgen receptors and is presumably not metabolized into either the less potent androgens or into oestrogens. Because of these intrinsic properties, R 1881 can be used to investigate the possibility of a direct androgen involvement in the development of sexual behaviour. Females, at birth, were implanted with silicone elastomer capsules containing R 1881, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone or cholesterol for 10 days, or given daily injections of 100 micrograms hormone for 5 days. Neonatal treatment with R 1881 inhibited the capacity of female rats to show female mating behaviour when given ovarian hormones in adulthood; both implants and injections caused a similar reduction in receptive and proceptive behaviours. Testosterone, given as implants, caused almost complete defeminization, while injecting the hormone had a partial inhibition on mating responses. Dihydrotestosterone had no appreciable effect upon the development of behaviour. Thus, an androgen, R 1881, which is presumed not to be aromatized to oestrogens, has the potential to cause defeminization of mating and proceptive behaviour in female rats. PMID- 6604781 TI - Respiration during chronic hypoxia and hyperoxia in larval and adult bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana). I. Morphological responses of lungs, skin and gills. AB - Larval and adult bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana (Shaw), were exposed to 28 days of normoxia (PO2 150 mmHg), hypoxia (PO2 70-80 mmHg) or hyperoxia (PO2 greater than 275 mmHg) at 20-23 degrees C, after which the following morphological measurements were made: (1) mass, thickness, capillary mesh density and blood water barrier of the skin; (2) mass, volume, cava density and blood-gas barrier of lungs; and, for the larvae, (3) arch length, filament density and size, and blood-water barrier of the gills. Chronic hypoxia induced profound morphological changes in the gas exchange organs of larvae, but not of adults. In tadpoles, the skin became thinner, with a doubling of capillary mesh density and a having of the blood-water barrier. The gas diffusion barrier of the lungs remained unchanged, but the lung volume and density of the lung wall cava both increased significantly. The internal gills showed a marked enlargement upon hypoxic exposure, both in numbers of gill filaments and size of each filament. The blood water barrier remained unchanged. Chronic hyperoxia, unlike chronic hypoxia, caused no significant changes in the morphology of the gas exchange organs of larvae. Chronic exposure to hypoxia or hyperoxia failed to produce any significant morphological changes in adult bullfrogs. These data indicate that the great morphological plasticity of larvae, culminating in metamorphosis, also extends to profound adjustments in the gas exchange organs when oxygen transfer becomes limited, a response lacking in adults. PMID- 6604782 TI - Respiration during chronic hypoxia and hyperoxia in larval and adult bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana). II. Changes in respiratory properties of whole blood. AB - Rana catesbeiana Shaw tadpoles and adults were maintained at 20-23 degrees C under aerial and aquatic normoxia (PO2 150 mmHg), hyperoxia (PO2 275 mmHg) and hypoxia (PO2 75 mmHg) for 4 weeks, after which the following blood measurements were made: haematocrit, red blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, O2 capacity, O2 equilibrium curve, Bohr shift, Hill's coefficient and intraerythrocytic concentration of nucleotide triphosphates (ATP + GTP) and 2,3-DPG. Normoxic tadpoles had much higher blood O2 affinity (P50 9-10 mmHg) than adults (P50 35 mmHg) but a lower haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit and O2 capacity. The concentration of intraerythrocytic phosphates was higher in normoxic tadpoles than in adults, indicating that the higher O2 affinity of normoxic tadpole blood was due to the haemoglobins themselves, rather than affinity modulators. Chronic hypoxia in tadpoles produced little change in whole blood P50, and no significant change in any other blood variable. In adult bullfrogs, on the other hand, O2 capacity doubled through polycythaemia, and the P50 decreased by 11 mmHg (35%), though apparently not from any significant change in concentration of intraerythrocytic phosphates. Hyperoxia produced no haematological changes in either larvae or adults. In adult bullfrogs exposed to chronic hypoxia, the morphology of the gas exchange organs does not change (Burggren & Mwalukomo, 1983), but instead profound adjustments occur in the blood, favouring O2 transport under these conditions. The blood of the tadpole shows little or no response to chronic hypoxia, with morphological adjustments in skin, gills and lungs constituting the major response. PMID- 6604783 TI - Idiotype-antiidiotype regulation. V. The requirement for immunization with antigen or monoclonal antiidiotypic antibodies for the activation of beta 2 leads to 6 and beta 2 leads to 1 polyfructosan-reactive clones in BALB/c mice treated at birth with minute amounts of anti-A48 idiotype antibodies. AB - The anti-beta 2 leads to 6 fructosan antibodies sharing the idiotypes (Id) of ABPC48 (A48) monoclonal protein represent a silent fraction of the anti-beta 2 leads to 6 fructosan repertoire, since these antibodies cannot be detected during a conventional immune response elicited by bacterial levan (BL). However, the administration at birth of minute amounts of anti-A48 Id antibodies causes a long lasting activation of A48 Id+-bearing clones. This activation is related to direct interaction of anti-A48 Id antibodies with precursors bearing the A48 Id+ immunoglobulin receptor, since an A48 Id+ response can be transferred with highly purified B cells in lethally irradiated mice. The maturation of these precursors into A48 Id+ anti-beta 2 leads to 6 fructosan antibody-secreting cells requires challenge by the antigen. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) data showed that in 1-mo-old mice an UPC10 (U10)-like spectrotype was observed, whereas in 3-mo-old mice, a new spectrotype binding BL rather than inulin (In) was identified. This spectrotype was observed only in CXBJ mice, the single strain in which an A48 Id+ response was observed. The antigenic challenge can be replaced by a monoclonal anti-A48 Id antibody (i.e., 17-38). Interestingly, in 1-mo-old BALB/c mice treated with anti-A48 Id antibodies, the challenge with 17-38 monoclonal antibody led to the activation of A48 Id- anti-beta 2 leads to 6 fructosan-reactive clones with BALB/c type IEF spectrotypes, whereas in 3-mo-old BALB/c mice treated with anti-A48 Id antibodies, the challenge with 17-38 monoclonal antibody led to the activation of W3082 IdX+ anti-beta 2 leads to 6 and beta 2 leads to 1 fructosan reactive clones. In these animals, inhibition of A48 Id+ anti-beta 2 leads to 6 fructosan clones was observed. This antibody probably represents a homobody carrying the internal image of the antigen, which through its paratope suppresses the A48 Id+ response and through its Id activates an A48 Id- anti-beta 2 leads to 6 fructosan response in 1-mo-old mice and in 3-mo-old mice leads to an anti-beta 2 leads to 6 and beta 2 leads to 1 fructosan response dominated by the W3082 IdX.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6604785 TI - Peptide variability exists within alpha and beta subunits of the T cell receptor for antigen. AB - The T cell receptor for antigen (Ti) has recently been identified as a 90-kdalton T3-associated clonotypic structure composed of one 49-51-kdalton alpha and one 43 kdalton beta subunit, which are disulfide linked. Here, Ti molecules from two alloreactive CTL clones derived from the same donor but of differing specificities (CT8III and CT4II) are directly compared following isolation with anticlonotypic monoclonal antibodies. Isoelectric focusing shows that the alpha subunits (pI 4.4-4.7) are more acidic than the beta subunits (pI 6.0-6.2) but that each glycoprotein species is distinctive. More importantly, two-dimensional peptide maps of 125I-labeled surface receptors indicate that the beta chains of Ti1 and Ti2 appear unique and share only two peptides in common. In contrast, peptide maps of Ti1 and Ti2 alpha chains are more related although not identical. These results suggest that the human T cell receptor is composed of constant as well as variable regions and that at least one of the latter is located within the beta subunit. PMID- 6604784 TI - Immune cell populations in cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity. AB - Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) is a prototypic T lymphocyte-mediated response to antigenic challenge. In this study, mononuclear cells infiltrating the skin during cutaneous response to tuberculin in presensitized human subjects (responders) and nonimmune controls were identified using monoclonal antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence. In both responders and controls the infiltrate consisted mainly of T lymphocytes (T11+ and OKT3+) and monocytes (OKM1+, 63D3+, Mo2+) which initially accumulated in proximity to small blood vessels and later infiltrated the interstitial dermis and epidermis. More T lymphocytes reacted with OKT4 than with OKT8. 6 h after tuberculin the ratio of OKT4/OKT8 in tissue from responders exceeded that in blood, whereas in tissues studied at 15-48 h and in all control tissues those ratios in blood and tissue were similar. Evidence of T lymphocyte activation was sought using monoclonal antibodies anti-Tac, OKT9, and OKT10. In responders but not in controls the proportion of infiltrating cells reactive with these antibodies increased during the course of DTH. The presence of activated T lymphocytes in tissue was not associated with a comparable increase in peripheral blood cell populations identified by anti-Tac and OKT10. Studies using anti-B1, Leu-7, and anti-IgD/IgM revealed comparatively few reactive cells. Dual-labeling studies demonstrated that most Leu-7--reactive cells also bound T11 while fewer bound OKM1 or OKT8 and that cells reactive with OKIa1 and T11 constituted largely nonoverlapping populations. Specific patterns of reactivity were not observed when tissues were stained with anti-human C3, or poly C9-MA, a monoclonal antibody reactive with a neoantigen on polymerized C9 of the membrane attack complex of complement. The number of epidermal Langerhans cells identified by OKT6 was similar in responders and controls. Thus, the cutaneous response to tuberculin in sensitized individuals is characterized by early enrichment of the OKT4 subpopulation of T lymphocytes in tissue infiltrates and subsequent (15-48 h) evidence of T lymphocyte activation. PMID- 6604787 TI - Evaluation of alpha-amylase assays with 4-nitrophenyl-alpha-oligosaccharides as substrates. AB - Measurements of alpha-amylase with 4-nitrophenyl glucosides offer the following advantages over methods that rely on the formation of NADH: a short lag phase, no apparent interference by metabolites and enzymes of the sample and extremely stable substrates with low blank values. The intrinsic sensitivity of nitrophenol formation was equal to that of hydrolysis of maltotetraose, but was less than that of glucose-producing methods using oligosaccharides. In contrast to starch, the chromogenic substrates are more rapidly hydrolysed by salivary than by pancreatic amylase. Disadvantages of these substrates are: higher turnover by animal than by human amylases, and a marked susceptibility of the chromophore to small changes of pH and protein concentration. Some analytical qualities such as specificity, accuracy, precision, stability of the substrate and linear range are described in detail and compared with those of other methods. PMID- 6604786 TI - An HLA-DR5 homozygous cell line expresses two DS (I-A-like) molecules. AB - Previous studies have indicated that LLA-DR homozygous cell lines express two DR molecules but only a single DS (I-A-like) molecule. This report demonstrates that an HLA-DR5 homozygous cell line expresses at least two distinct DS molecules. These two DS molecules are formed by the association of a single DS alpha chain with either of two DS beta chains. Four distinct Ia molecules have now been identified from this DR5 homozygous cell line. PMID- 6604788 TI - Hydrostatic pressure inhibition of hormone-induced resumption of meiotic maturation in isolated oocytes. AB - Prior to ovulation, fully grown oocytes of both the amphibian (Rana pipiens) and the starfish (Piaster ochraceus), like those of many other organisms, are arrested in late prophase I of meiosis. Reinitiation of meiotic maturation in oocytes from either of these organisms is hormonally induced. Although the meiosis-inducing substance (MIS) for each organism is chemically dissimilar (a steroid in the frog and a purine in the starfish) induction of oocyte maturation in both biological systems appears to be initiated by the interaction of the MIS with the plasma membrane of the oocyte. The objective of this investigation was to determine if elevated hydrostatic pressure affected hormonal induction of oocyte maturation and to compare the effect of pressure on oocytes stimulated with different meiosis-inducing substances. In isolated oocytes from either the frog or the starfish, increasing ambient pressure reduced the percentage of oocytes which matured, and a stepwise increase in pressure resulted in a corresponding shift in the dose response curves of hormone-induced, oocyte maturation to the right. In experiments using only starfish oocytes, this inhibitory effect of pressure was found to be reversible and limited to the initial period of the maturation event. Taken together, these data suggest that elevated ambient pressure inhibits an early cellular event in the hormonal induction of meiotic maturation which is common to both amphibian and starfish oocytes. PMID- 6604789 TI - Aberrations of chromosome 3. A marker of T-cell lymphomas? AB - Aberrations of chromosome occur in different malignancies, but they are more frequent in lymphoproliferative ones than in the others. In this study here four out of five T-zone lymphomas had abnormalities of chromosome 3. This lead to the question of whether aberrations of chromosome 3 might be a marker of T-cell lymphomas. The conclusion which can be drawn from the cases described in the literature, the own unpublished cases, and these four T-zone lymphomas is that abnormalities of chromosome 3 cannot be regarded as a discriminative marker of T cell derived malignancies. It is suggested that the relationship between chromosome aberrations and type of disease is not necessarily a direct one. One possible model of the genesis of chromosome aberrations in malignant diseases is presented. PMID- 6604790 TI - Fast-transported glycoproteins and nonglycosylated proteins contain sulfate. AB - 35SO4-labeled fast-transported proteins of bullfrog dorsal root ganglion neurons were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and their mobilities were compared to similar species labeled with [3H]mannose or [3H]fucose. Fluorography revealed regions of poorly resolved, high molecular weight material, likely to represent sulfated proteoglycans, as well as many well resolved spots that corresponded in mobility to individual [35S]methionine-labeled fast-transported proteins. The majority of these well resolved spots appeared as "families," previously identified as glycoproteins based on their labeling with sugars. Thus, sulfate can be a contributor to the carbohydrate side-chain charge that underlies microheterogeneity. The most heavily 35SO4-labeled species, however, corresponded to fast-transported proteins that were not labeled by either sugar. The relative acid labilities of 35SO4 associated with individual species cut from the gel confirmed the assignments of these spots as glycoproteins or nonglycoproteins. A group of spots intermediate in their acid lability was also detected, suggesting that some proteins may contain sulfate linked to carbohydrate as well as to amino acid residues. PMID- 6604791 TI - Specific involvement of peripheral T lymphocytes against acetylcholine receptors in myasthenia gravis. AB - A specific sensitisation of blood T lymphocytes against the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor has been demonstrated in myasthenic patients. After thymectomy the T lymphocytes response was quickly decreased and in most patients it reached normal values. The T response remained at low or normal levels for at least two years. In patients who had undergone thymectomy three or more years before, a T lymphocyte response against acetylcholine receptors was frequently detected. PMID- 6604792 TI - Dynamics of neck-to-forelimb reflexes in the decerebrate cat. AB - We have studied the neck-to-forelimb reflex evoked by head rotation around the longitudinal axis (roll) in the long and medial heads of triceps brachii of decerebrate, acutely labyrinthectomized cats. Reflexes were measured by recording mass electromyogram (EMG). As expected from the work of others, they were reciprocal in the two limbs, with excitation in the limb toward which the chin rotates. The reflex was sufficiently linear for a sinusoidal analysis. Although there was sometimes adaptation at stimulus frequencies of 0.1 Hz and below, response phase at these frequencies was usually in phase with position, and gain was flat. At higher frequencies there was some sensitivity to the velocity of the stimulus: gain increased with a slope of 10 dB/decade and phase advanced in some cats but not in others. Gain at low frequencies of head rotation, expressed as percent modulation of EMG, was typically 1%/deg or less. Reflexes evoked by head rotation in triceps and in the neck extensor splenius capitis have different dynamics. It remains to be determined whether this difference is due to activation of different receptors. We compared the dynamics of roll reflexes evoked by stimulation of neck receptors with those of vestibular reflexes evoked by tilt of the whole animal (23). Taking into account dynamics and gain, the two reflexes should cancel at low frequencies, as predicted by others. Above 0.2 Hz, cancellation becomes less effective. PMID- 6604793 TI - The ultrastructural localization of serotonin immunoreactivity in myelinated and unmyelinated axons within the medial forebrain bundle of rat and monkey. AB - Myelinated and unmyelinated serotonin-containing axons were demonstrated in the medial forebrain bundle of rats and monkeys with an antibody against serotonin (5 HT) conjugated to hemocyanin. The level of 5-HT in the brain was increased by pretreatment of animals with pargyline and L-tryptophan. The addition of nickel salts to the diaminobenzidine-peroxidase reaction mixture increased the intensity of the reaction product. Specific 5-HT immunoreactivity was observed to be localized to membrane-enclosed and membrane-attached compartments. 5-HT immunoreactivity was seen predominantly in unmyelinated axons (0.2 to 1.25 micron in diameter) surrounded by unlabeled processes. More than half of these 5-HT immunoreactive fibers were in apposition with unreactive myelinated axons in the hypothalamus of both the rat (55%) and the monkey (54%). These appositions may provide the anatomical substrate for the observations that sprouting serotonergic fibers in the adult brain use myelinated axons for contact guidance. In addition to the unmyelinated fibers, intensely labeled myelinated axons (1.0 to 2.1 micron) were seen in the medial forebrain bundle of both rats and monkeys. The percentage of 5-HT-immunoreactive myelinated axons appeared greater in the monkey than in the rat (25.4% versus 0.7% of the total number of 5-HT-immunoreactive fibers, respectively). the observation of an increased number of myelinated 5-HT immunoreactive axons in the monkey hypothalamus as compared to the rat supports the general hypothesis of a trend toward increased myelination during evolution. PMID- 6604794 TI - Sensory cortical tongue representation in man. AB - Extensive data on cortical tongue representation were analyzed in 100 patients who underwent craniotomy and cortical mapping by electrical stimulation for surgical treatment of epilepsy. As noted in the literature, the tongue is extensively represented within the central nervous system with a highly organized sensorimotor system and the data from this study corroborate a large cortical representation of the human tongue over the postcentral gyrus. The tongue was found to have a clear somatotopic organization over the postcentral area and to be represented bilaterally to a significant degree. Furthermore, the tongue appears to have an asymmetrical sensory cortical representation, as cerebral dominance for speech is more extensively represented on the dominant hemisphere. Cortical tongue mapping has proved extremely useful in determining the point of junction of the central and Sylvian sulci, a crucial landmark during surgical cortical resections. PMID- 6604795 TI - Unilateral hydrocephalus secondary to congenital atresia of the foramen of Monro. Case report. AB - Unilateral hydrocephalus is an uncommon entity which results from obstruction at the level of the foramen of Monro. It is usually brought about by tumors or inflammatory conditions. Congenital maldevelopment of the foramen of Monro is an often postulated, yet never proven, cause of unilateral ventricular enlargement. A case of unilateral hydrocephalus secondary to congenital atresia of the foramen of Monro is presented to document the occurrence of this condition. PMID- 6604796 TI - Effect of dietary level of Vitamin E on the immune system of the spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat. AB - Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) had depressed splenic mitogen responses as well as lower splenic vitamin E when compared to normotensive Wistar Kyoto strain (WKY) rats fed a stock diet. Both strains had depressed T- and B-cell splenic mitogen responses after 17 weeks on a semipurified, vitamin E-deficient diet when compared to animals fed either stock or dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate-supplemented semipurified diet. In addition, SHR fed the vitamin E-supplemented diet had enhanced thymocyte rosetting compared to those fed the vitamin E-deficient diet. In contrast, the dietary vitamin E level did not affect the thymocyte rosetting in WKY rats. PMID- 6604797 TI - Variation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 levels in human plasma obtained from 758 Japanese healthy subjects. AB - Plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH-D3) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (25-OH D2) in 758 Japanese healthy subjects (most of them adults) were determined by a high-performance liquid chromatographic method previously reported (6) and the following results were obtained: The mean and standard deviation (M +/- SD) of the assayed values of 25-OH-D (sum of 25-OH-D3 and 25-OH-D2) was 23.8 +/- 10.1 ng/ml. 25-OH-D3 was detected in all the samples and the M +/- SD was 23.0 +/- 10.1 ng/ml. The plasma levels clearly showed the seasonal variation that the levels in summer were significantly higher than those in winter. Moreover, the plasma levels were significantly correlated with the amounts of UV light in solar radiation. These results strongly suggested that 25-OH-D3 in plasma mainly originated from endogenous vitamin D3 formed by photo-conversion of 7 dehydrocholesterol in skin. 25-OH-D2 was detected only in 18.3% of the plasma samples and the M +/- SD in the detected samples was 4.4 +/- 2.9 ng/ml which was much lower than those of 25-OH-D3. The results suggested that few healthy Japanese are taking daily exogenous vitamin D2 from multivitamin preparations or others. The M +/- SD values of 25-OH-D3 plasma levels in men and women were 26.2 +/- 10.4 and 19.3 +/- 8.0 ng/ml, respectively. The formers were significantly higher than the latters. The results were thought to be due to the reason that men might be outdoors for longer periods than women. When age variation of plasma 25-OH-D3 levels was examined, the levels in the twenties were significantly lower than the other generations. This was confirmed to be due to the low values observed in the female twenties group, but the detailed reason is unclear at the present time. When 4 healthy volunteers were orally administered 400 I.U./day of vitamin D2 every day for 8 weeks, maximum levels (average: 11.5 ng/ml) were observed at the 8 weeks and the levels gradually decreased after stopping the administration. The results suggested that the half life of 25-OH-D2 in plasma might be 4-5 weeks. PMID- 6604798 TI - Fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin excretion in young people with Crohn's disease. AB - Fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin excretion, a noninvasive indicator of protein-losing enteropathy, was correlated with clinical disease activity in pediatric patients with Crohn's disease. Disease activity was defined as the sum of 11 abnormal clinical parameters which were adapted from previously published disease activity scoring methods. Each patient was also given a subjective clinical rating when evaluated. In addition, four different devised disease activity scoring methods were correlated retrospectively with subjective clinical ratings for hospitalized patients. A total of 125 random fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin determinations were performed on 22 patients. Ninety-six percent of clinically active episodes of Crohn's disease were associated with elevated fetal alpha 1-antitrypsin (p less than 0.001). The degree of elevation was found not to correlate directly with the severity of assessed disease activity or site of intestinal involvement. A direct linear relationship was demonstrated between 23 paired random fecal alpha 1 antitrypsin and intestinal alpha 1-antitrypsin clearance assays (r = 0.93). There was a high, and remarkably similar, degree of correlation with each of the four different derived activity scoring methods and simple subjective ratings (r = 0.89-0.93). We conclude that: (a) fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin excretion may be helpful in assessing the presence or absence of Crohn's disease activity by providing an objective and specific indicator of intestinal damage; and (b) it appears that a simple subjective rating score is as clinically useful as other previously devised activity indices. PMID- 6604799 TI - Effects of long-term dietary modifications on pancreatic enzyme activity. AB - The effect of long-term dietary modification on pancreatic exocrine function in rats has been investigated by examining responses to cholecystokinin-pancreozymin stimulation, using a method of direct pancreatic duct cannulation. Residual pancreatic enzyme activity remaining in the whole pancreas following stimulation was also measured. After 6 months of dietary modification, changes in the pancreatic secretions of high-protein- or high-fat-fed animals were similar to those reported in short-term studies in which elevation of trypsin and lipase activity occurred in the pancreas. However, between 6 and 9 months, both volume and amylase activity of pancreatic secretions decreased in animals fed a high protein diet. At 6 and 9 months, animals fed a high-carbohydrate diet had increased amounts of amylase and decreased trypsin in both pancreatic secretion and homogenate, similar to short-term changes previously reported. High carbohydrate-fed animals had decreased lipase activity in pancreatic secretions, but lipase activity in pancreatic homogenates was increased, similar to levels found in animals fed a high-fat diet. PMID- 6604800 TI - New techniques in the diagnosis and operative management of Siamese twins. AB - New techniques of 2-D sonography and radionucleotide Disofenin scanning allowed noninvasive evaluation of thoracoomphalopagus Siamese twins and successful separation at four days of age. Twin girls joined at the lower sternum and upper abdomen and weighing 15 lbs, were transferred at five hours of age after caesarian-section delivery. Scout films revealed high intestinal obstruction in twin A. 2-D sonography showed separate and normal hearts with different rates and attached pericardial sacs. Labeled Disofenin given intravenously to twin A was excreted exclusively in her gallbladder and bile ducts; vice versa for twin B. Because operation was necessary to correct jejunal atresia in twin A, further growth and development was not an option and the parents agreed to total correction. Sternal and pericardial separation and division of common midline liver was followed by primary diaphragmatic defect repair and Dacron-cloth fascial reconstruction to upper abdominal wall and complete soft-tissue and skin closure in a ten-hour operation. Segmental jejunal resection and anastomosis with gastrostomy was added in baby A. The new tests greatly simplified definition of the anatomical relationships and implemented rapid correction in these newborn conjoint twins. PMID- 6604801 TI - Analysis of mononuclear cell subsets in pregnancies with intrauterine growth retardation. Evidence of chronic B-lymphocyte activation. AB - We have examined the mononuclear cell (MC) subpopulations of 5 pregnant women: Three of them had a previous history of IUGR, whereas two were primiparae and presented IUGR at the term of gestation. IUGR was confirmed after delivery in three women. The analysis of MC subsets was performed by rosetting and immunofluorescence techniques; both heterologous antisera specific for human immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies specific for T cell antigens and for M1 and Ia-like antigens were used. The three patients with IUGR confirmed at birth presented numbers of circulating lymphoid cells positive for cytoplasmic IgM, IgG and IgA and with morphologic features of plasmablasts or plasma cells at least tenfold higher than in normal pregnant women at the term of gestation. Our data suggest that chronic activation of the lymphoid system occurs in pregnant women with IUGR. Maternal abnormal reactivity to fetal antigens or to undiagnosed chronic infections may be likely explanations for this phenomenon. Further studies are clearly needed to clarify the relationship between B-lymphocyte activation and pregnancy and to examine the hypothesis of an altered balance of the immunoregulatory T lymphocyte subsets in patients with IUGR. PMID- 6604802 TI - Cell populations associated with gingival bleeding. AB - The presence of crevicular bleeding after probing is an objective clinical sign of gingival inflammation. It has been associated with a plasma cell-dominated inflammatory infiltrate in deep pockets and has been suggested as an indication of active periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to characterize the cellular composition of gingival connective tissue associated with shallow pockets which bled after probing. Prior to biopsy, the mid-facial gingiva associated with 30 teeth from 26 patients was assessed for the presence or absence of visual inflammation, pocket depth and bleeding after probing with a standardized force of 25 g. A horizontal reference incision was made on the facial aspect of the gingiva to demarcate for histologic analysis the specific gingival area probed and evaluated for inflammation. Cell populations were determined from histological sections using morphometric point counting techniques in six standard fields at and coronal to the level of the reference incision. The percentage of cell types and the per cent volume densities of all tissue components were compared between clinically normal and inflamed gingiva. In clinically inflamed gingiva there was a significantly greater percentage of lymphocyte/macrophage/monocyte cells and a smaller percentage of fibroblast/endothelial cells. The percentage of plasma cells was only a fraction of that found for other inflammatory cells. The results of this study indicated that a lesion in the gingiva associated with bleeding after probing can consist of an inflammatory infiltrate which is not dominated by plasma cells. PMID- 6604803 TI - Enhancement of the antitumor activity of N6-(delta 2-isopentenyl)adenosine against cultured L-1210 leukemia cells by pentostatin using a polymeric delivery system. AB - The adenosine deaminase inhibitor pentostatin (I), recently shown to be effective in the treatment of several types of acute and chronic human leukemias, was impregnated in a silicone polymer monolithic disk device for release in vitro in the presence of the antitumor nucleoside N6-(delta 2-isopentenyl)adenosine (II) against mouse L-1210 lymphocytic leukemia cells. Although I is ineffective alone against L-1210 cells, controlled release from the polymeric delivery matrix potentiates the antiproliferative effects of II during the midlog phase of growth (48 hr). Cytotoxicity is prolonged, leading to total cell death during the stationary phase of growth (96 hr). The present study suggests that polymeric delivery systems be used for controlled release of oncologic agents, alone or in combination with inhibitors, especially where liability is a concern. PMID- 6604804 TI - Time domain spectroscopy of the membrane capacitance in frog skeletal muscle. AB - Dielectric spectra representing the frequency dependence of the complex permitivity at a range of depolarizations were obtained from voltage-clamped frog skeletal muscle membranes. This employed an analysis that derived the Fourier coefficients defining the capacitative transients to 10 mV steps as continuous functions of frequency, and so could examine closely the relevant frequencies at which non-linear components occurred. Non-linear capacitative components were identified through their appearance at lower frequencies than those of the linear components as obtained at the -85 mV control voltage, from spectra representing a logarithmic scale of frequencies. Permitivities from small depolarizing steps between about -75 and -50 mV gave single q beta dielectric loss peaks; the real permitivities declined monotonically with increasing frequency. Simple arc loci were obtained in the complex plane. With further depolarization, an additional q gamma loss peak at low frequencies and a resonant frequency in the real spectra occurred over a narrow voltage range around -45 mV. The complex loci then showed features implying an increased movement of charge not explicable through the simple effect of an electric field on a dielectric species. Spectra from small hyperpolarizing steps possessed only single dielectric loss peaks and real permitivities that declined monotonically with increasing frequency. However, in the complex plane, the loss tangents at the higher frequencies implied a population of two or more dielectric relaxations. The potential dependence of the frequency at maximum dielectric loss obtained from depolarizing steps showed a discontinuity at the onset of q gamma. In contrast, in hyperpolarizing responses, this dependence was smooth. The q beta relaxations obtained after q gamma was abolished by 1 mM-tetracaine gave dielectric spectra that were similar whether to depolarizing or hyperpolarizing potential steps. They gave single dielectric loss peaks and semicircular complex plane loci. The singularities in the dielectric spectra thus result from the q gamma charge movement component. They may reflect co-operative mechanisms that might also produce its steep voltage dependence and kinetics, and consequently those of the physiological processes it may control. These are discussed in terms of the mechanisms expected in allosteric proteins. PMID- 6604805 TI - Paralysis of frog skeletal muscle fibres by the calcium antagonist D-600. AB - The Ca2+ channel blocker D-600 (methoxyverapamil) paralyses single muscle fibres of the frog: fibres exposed to the drug at 7 degrees C give a single K+ contracture after which they are paralysed, unable to contract in response to electrical stimulation or further applications of K+. Paralysed fibres contract in response to caffeine and have normal resting potentials and action potentials. Fibres treated with D-600 at 22 degrees C are not paralysed. Paralysed fibres warmed to 22 degrees C recover contractile properties: they twitch and give K+ contractures. Other workers have shown that D-600 blocks a Ca2+ channel at room temperature; thus, the paralytic action of D-600 is probably mediated by a different membrane protein, perhaps a different Ca2+ channel from that blocked at room temperature. These results suggest that the binding of D-600 can disrupt the mechanism coupling electrical potential changes across the T membrane to Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 6604806 TI - Effect of caffeine on intramembrane charge movement and calcium transients in cut skeletal muscle fibres of the frog. AB - 1. The authors have studied the effect of caffeine in subthreshold concentration (0.5 mmol l(-1) at 2-4 degrees C) on the contraction threshold, on intramembrane charge movement and calcium transients in voltage-clamped frog skeletal muscle fibres.2. The single-gap technique (Kovacs & Schneider, 1978) was used for the voltage clamping of terminated segments of cut fibres. Ionic conductances were minimized by using caesium glutamate at the open end pool and tetraethylammonium sulphate and tetrodotoxin at the closed end pool.3. Myoplasmic calcium transients evoked by depolarizing pulses were recorded by measuring the changes in absorbance of the fibres at 720 nm after the intracellular application of Antipyrylazo III dye.4. The strength-duration curve for contraction threshold was shifted towards more negative membrane potentials in the presence of caffeine. Shift was more definite at shorter pulse durations than at the rheobase.5. The total amount of charge moving during the depolarizing pulses at different membrane potentials was not changed by caffeine treatment, whereas the threshold amounts of charge moved during the critical periods of the contraction threshold decreased at different voltages (by about 23%).6. In the presence of caffeine, calcium transients accompanying long (100 ms) depolarizing pulses showed increased voltage-dependent peak amplitudes, rising phases and rate coefficients referring to calcium release, but a decreased voltage-dependent re-uptake rate either during or after the pulse.7. Calcium transients evoked by depolarizing pulses along the strength-duration curve for contraction threshold gave the same peak amplitudes (ranging from 0.9 to 2.8 mumol l(-1) free myoplasmic calcium on different fibres), but membrane-potential-dependent latency times and rising phases. The rate coefficients for declining phase did not depend on the preceding pulse voltage.8. On applying caffeine, the calcium transients related to the contraction threshold also had equal but smaller peak amplitudes, shorter latency times and the same magnitude of voltage-independent rate coefficients for the declining phase as in the control solution.9. The twitch potentiating effect of caffeine can be explained by its facilitating calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, while the re-uptake rate is not modified. The apparent inhibition of re-uptake can be related to the enhanced release of calcium due to caffeine effect. Due to the sensitizing effect of caffeine on the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane, smaller amounts of charge are needed to reach the contraction threshold than without caffeine. PMID- 6604807 TI - Comparison of birefringence signals and calcium transients in voltage-clamped cut skeletal muscle fibres of the frog. AB - The characteristic features of birefringence and calcium transients were compared in voltage-clamped cut skeletal muscle fibres: Birefringence signals were measured by introducing crossed polarizers above and below the fibres (+/- 45 degrees to the fibre axis) and using light of 790 nm. Calcium transients were monitored by the metallochromic indicator dye, Antipyrylazo III recording the changes in fibre absorbance at 720 nm. The dye entered the myoplasmic space by diffusion through the cut end. The early large birefringence signals, related to excitation-contraction coupling had a time course similar to that of calcium transients. The two signals had superimposable onset but the change in optical retardation peaked later and declined more slowly than the calcium signal. Using depolarizing pulses with increasing amplitudes both transients showed the same voltage dependence in the rate of rise, the time-to-peak and the peak amplitude. Birefringence signals recorded at different voltages along the strength-duration curve for contraction threshold had the same amplitudes and similar time constants for the falling phase comparable to the properties of the calcium transients. After applying dantrolene sodium both signals were reduced to the same extent. A shift in the contraction threshold was found towards more positive membrane potential values. The birefringence and calcium transients recorded at the new contraction threshold during the dantrolene treatment showed nearly the same size and time course as threshold transients obtained before the treatment. A subthreshold concentration of caffeine increased the peak amplitude of birefringence signals at a given voltage and decreased the latency of the signals. Birefringence transients at the new contraction threshold under caffeine were smaller than controls. Both effects are very similar to the changes in calcium transients due to caffeine treatment as previously reported. Consequently the voltage-dependent properties of birefringence and calcium transients and their responses to caffeine and dantrolene treatment are nearly the same. These results support the view that the changes in optical retardation of the fibres reflect calcium bound to some sarcoplasmic binding site rather than a potential change of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 6604808 TI - Raised intracellular free calcium within the lens causes opacification and cellular uncoupling in the frog. AB - Ion-sensitive micro-electrodes were used to measure the levels of intracellular free Ca2+ within the intact amphibian lens. The free [Ca2+] was found to constitute 0.4% of the total lens calcium. The pCa measured at the anterior lens surface was found to 6.59, while that at the posterior was 5.70. An 8-fold anterior/posterior Ca2+ gradient thus exists along the optical axis. The intracellular free Ca2+ could be manipulated by incubating the lens in high-Ca2+ or cA2+-free EGTA Ringer solutions. Raising the intracellular free Ca2+ to 0.22 mM caused lens opacification and cellular uncoupling; the coupling ratio was reduced from 1 in control to 0.41 in high Ca2+. PMID- 6604810 TI - Differential actions of progesterone and cortisol on lymphocyte and monocyte interaction during lymphocyte activation--relevance to immunosuppression in pregnancy. AB - Progesterone and glucocorticoids share important anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Both hormones have potent anti-proliferative effects in MLR, mitogen activation and cytotoxic T-cell generation. We investigated the cellular target of this in vitro anti-proliferative activity by comparing the effects of progesterone and cortisol on lymphocyte-monocyte interaction in concanavalin (Con A) induced human T-cell activation. Three different in vitro systems for assessing monocyte dependent T-cell activation by Con A were used: (1) limiting concentration of monocyte, (2) preincubation of isolated populations of monocytes and T cells with steroids and (3) role of steroid on action of Interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity. Monocytes separated from human peripheral blood leukocytes by flotation gradients and adherence to plastic were cultured at concentrations of 0.5-10% with constant numbers of isolated autologous T cells. Inhibition of Con A activation in cortisol (0.1-10 micrograms/ml) treated cultures was inversely proportional to percent monocytes, whereas in progesterone (2.0-20 micrograms/ml) treated cultures, inhibition was independent of monocyte concentration. Separated monocytes preincubated with progesterone and cultured with fresh T cells supported normal (108 +/- 7% control) levels of activation, but progesterone treated T cells and fresh monocytes responded at about 60% control levels. Similar experiments with cortisol (1 or 10 micrograms/ml) revealed significantly reduced responses when either cell population was preincubated with steroid. IL-1 induced by LPS stimulation of monocytes was blocked in its ability to stimulate Con A induced T cell proliferation with either steroid present during the assay of IL-1. These data provide additional support for local immunosuppression by steroids in the placenta during pregnancy. They suggest that progesterone selectively blocks T cell activation by a direct effect on T cells, whereas cortisol interferes with both monocytes and T cells. PMID- 6604809 TI - Problem orientated medical records. AB - Problem orientated medical records will accommodate and integrate information about minor and major problems, allow rapid updating of information and better communication between health agencies and primary care team members. They will allow colleagues to retrieve information and assess patient problems, enable better co-ordination to occur between patient investigation and treatment, and rationalise decision making. In Part Two a method of medical recording is described using various coloured forms. Problems encountered and suggested solutions have been made. It is felt that the introduction of this method will lead to improved medical care for patients. PMID- 6604811 TI - A longitudinal study of the changes in lymphocyte populations and their relationship to plasma cortisol levels in the perinatal sow. AB - The total leucocyte count and proportion of lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and IgM bearing (mu) lymphocytes and plasma cortisol were measured in 6 sows over the peripartum period. From these measurements the total lymphocyte, B and mu lymphocyte and non-mu lymphocyte counts were calculated. There was a significant rise in cortisol on day -1, 0 and 1 relative to parturition and a significant fall in the proportion and absolute count of the lymphocytes on days 0 and 1. There was a significant correlation between both the proportion (P less than 0.02, r = -0.39) and number (P less than 0.02, r = -0.37) of lymphocytes and plasma cortisol. The changes in sow leucocytes over the peripartum period were related to changes in plasma cortisol rather than to parturition. Furthermore, there was no significant change in either the proportion of B and mu lymphocytes or the minor immunoglobulin-bearing subpopulations over the peripartum period. PMID- 6604812 TI - The effect of serum on human marrow mononuclear cell proliferation and maturation. AB - The effect of different serum sources on the growth of human bone marrow mononuclear cells in liquid culture was investigated. Newborn calf serum failed to support growth in liquid cultures whether or not exogenous colony-stimulating factor was present. Neither adherent nor nonadherent cells proliferated in medium supplemented with horse serum. Fetal calf serum allowed proliferation of the nonadherent cell population, but only in the presence of colony-stimulating factor. However, no growth of adherent cells was observed in these cultures. Both the nonadherent and adherent populations grew well in the presence of pooled human sera. While growth of the nonadherent population was minimal in the absence of colony-stimulating factor, the adherent population appeared to increase to a greater extent when the factor was absent. The positive effect of the human serum was shown to be dose dependent in that as the proportion of serum was increased in the medium, the number of cells recovered from the cultures increased, regardless of the presence or absence of exogenous colony-stimulating factor. PMID- 6604813 TI - DR antigen distribution in Blacks with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - DR antigen distribution was studied in 85 Blacks with either classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Sixty-three were seropositive and 22 were seronegative by latex fixation titer. The frequency of DR4 was 7.41% in our control Black population (n = 162), 22.22% in the seropositive (0.01 greater than p greater than 0.001; RR 3.57) and 22.72% in the seronegative RA (0.01 greater than p greater than 0.001; RR 3.67). Our data confirm the association of DR4 with seropositive RA in Blacks, and suggest a similar association of DR4 with seronegative RA. It also suggests that DR4 may be a risk factor for more aggressive disease in Blacks with seropositive RA. PMID- 6604814 TI - Ankylosing spondylitis: a family study. AB - Of the first degree relatives of B27 positive spondylitis probands, 10.2% demonstrated an associated disease, i.e., ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, peripheral arthritis, or acute anterior uveitis; all were B27 positive. Eighteen, i.e., only 13.7% of the B27 positive subjects had sacroiliitis; 4 were asymptomatic. We would therefore caution against the previous over-estimation of disease prevalence in "randomly selected" HLA-B27 positive individuals. None of the B27 negative relatives had any uveitis or spondyloarthropathy. PMID- 6604816 TI - Potential antiatherosclerotic agents. 2. (Aralkylamino)- and (alkylamino) benzoic acid analogues of cetaben. AB - The syntheses of a series of (aralkylamino)- and (alkylamino)benzoic acids, as well as the corresponding esters and sodium salts, are described. The compounds were evaluated in vivo in rats for serum sterol and triglyceride lowering activity and in vitro for activity in inhibiting the principle cholesterol esterifying enzyme of the arterial wall, fatty acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT). Based on a combination of these two activities, cataben sodium (150) was selected for development as a hypolipidemic and potential antiatherosclerotic agent. PMID- 6604815 TI - Physiology of visuo-vestibular interactions: discussion paper. PMID- 6604817 TI - Potential antiatherosclerotic agents. 3. Substituted benzoic and non benzoic acid analogues of cetaben. AB - The synthesis of a series of analogues in which the carboxylic acid group of cetaben is replaced by carboxylate ester, carboxamide, or a variety of other substituent groups is described. Also reported are the syntheses of analogues in which the phenyl ring of cetaben is either modified by the presence of additional substituents or replaced entirely by another moiety. Structure-activity relationships of these compounds both as hypolipidemic agents and as inhibitors of the enzyme fatty acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) are discussed. Analogue syntheses designed to produce compounds that would be better absorbed orally than cetaben failed to yield any congeners of enhanced biological activity. In contrast, analogue syntheses directed toward non carboxylic acids of similar acidity to cetaben produced a very active class of sulfonamides. PMID- 6604818 TI - Potential antiatherosclerotic agents. 4. [(Functionalized-alkyl)amino]benzoic acid analogues of cetaben. AB - The synthesis of a series of analogues in which the alkyl group of cetaben is substituted with various functional groups or replaced entirely by a functionalized alkanoyl moiety is described. Also reported are the syntheses of branched-chain (alkylamino)benzoic acids in which branching is specifically localized at the terminus of the alkyl chain. Structure-activity relationships of these compounds, both as hypolipidemic agents and as inhibitors of the enzyme fatty acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), are discussed. Certain compounds were specifically synthesized to test the hypothesis that groups located near the terminus of the alkyl chain of cetaben might retard metabolic degradation of the molecule and, thus, enhance biological activity. Some of these (48-50) were found to be the most active analogues synthesized. PMID- 6604819 TI - Adenosine deaminase inhibitors. Synthesis and biological evaluation of (+/-) 3,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]imidazo[4,5-d] [1,3]diazepin-8-ol and some selected C-5 homologues of pentostatin. AB - The synthesis of several analogues of (8R)-3-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro- pentofuranosyl)-3,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8-ol (pentostatin, 1a) is described. Ring closure of 2-amino-1-(5-amino-1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethanone dihydrochloride (3) with triethyl orthoacetate or triethyl orthopropionate gave the C-5 methyl and ethyl ketoaglycons, 6,7-dihydro-5-methylimidazo[4,5 d][1,3]diazepin-8(3H)-one (4b) and 5-ethyl-6,7-dihydroimidazo[4,5-d][1,3]diazepin 8(3H)-one (4c), respectively. Stannic chloride catalyzed condensation of the pertrimethylsilyl derivatives of 4b and 4c with a protected glycosyl halide afforded anomeric mixtures of ketonucleosides 3-(2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-p-toluoyl-beta- and -alpha-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-6,7-dihydro-5-methylimidazo[4,5-d] [1,3]diazepin-8(3H)-one (5b and 6b) and 3-(2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-p-toluoyl)-beta- and alpha-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-5-ethyl-6,7-dihydroimidazo[4,5-d]- [1,3]diazepin 8(3H)-one (5c and 6c), respectively. Subsequent separation of the anomers, followed by deprotection and reduction of 5b, 6b, and 5c, afforded the respective 8R and 8S isomers. Stannic chloride catalyzed condensation of pertrimethylsilyl ketoaglycon 4a with 2-(chloromethoxy)-1-(p-toluoyloxy) ethane to give ketonucleoside 6,7-dihydro-3-[[2-(p-toluoyloxy)ethoxy] methyl]imidazo[4,5 d][1,3]diazepin-8(3H)-one (9a) was followed by deprotection to 6,7-dihydro-3[(2 hydroxyethoxy)methyl]imidazo[4,5-d][1,3] diazepin-8(3H)-one (9b) and then reduction to the racemic acyclic pentostatin analogue (+/-)-3,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3 [ (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]imidazo[4,5-d][1,3]diazepin-8-ol (2). Ki values for the in vitro adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4; type I; calf intestinal mucosa) inhibitory activities of 1b, 1c, and 2 were determined to be 1.6 X 10(-8), 1.5 X 10(-6), and 9.8 X 10(-8) M, respectively. When compounds 2 and 9b were tested in combination with vidarabine against herpes simplex virus, type 1, in an HEp-2 plaque reduction assay, only compound 2 was able to potentiate the antiviral activity of vidarabine. PMID- 6604820 TI - Attachment of tail fibers in bacteriophage T4 assembly. Identification of the baseplate protein to which tail fibers attach. AB - A phage-neutralizing rabbit antiserum collected after immunization with tail fiberless bacteriophage T4 particles was adsorbed with complete T4 phage. The resulting adsorbed serum inhibited tail fiber attachment in vitro. To identify the antigens against which this inhibitory activity was directed, blocking experiments were carried out with the adsorbed serum. Isolated complete baseplates and mutant-infected-cell extracts lacking known baseplate gene products but containing gene 9 product showed similar high levels of blocking activity. By contrast, both tail-fiberless particles lacking gene 9 product and infected-cell extracts made with gene 9 mutants showed 30-fold to 100-fold lower blocking activity. These results strongly support the conclusion that gene 9 product is the baseplate protein to which tail fibers attach. PMID- 6604821 TI - Changes in the X-ray reflections from contracting muscle during rapid mechanical transients and their structural implications. AB - During normal contractions of vertebrate striated muscle, it is believed that the cross-bridges which produce the sliding force undergo asynchronous cyclical changes in their structure. Thus, an X-ray diffraction diagram from a muscle under these conditions will give structural information averaged over the whole range of cross-bridge states. Such diagrams show characteristic and informative differences from those given by relaxed muscle, but can give little information about changes in the configuration of the cross-bridges at different stages of their working stroke. However, it is possible to effect a partial synchronization of these changes by applying very rapid changes in length, completed in less than one millisecond to an otherwise isometrically contracting muscle. If the amplitude of these length changes is comparable to the length of the cross-bridge stroke (say 100 A per half-sarcomere), then it should bring about a transient but significant redistribution of cross-bridge states, which would show up in the X ray diagram. We have made use of synchrotron radiation as a high intensity X-ray source in order to record such patterns with the necessary time resolution (1 ms or less) and have found major changes in the intensity of the 143 A meridional reflection accompanying the rapid length changes of the muscle. These changes appear to arise from specific configurational changes in the cross-bridges during the working stroke. A model is suggested in which the 143 A meridional intensity in a contracting muscle arises mainly from attached cross-bridges and is generated by the part of the myosin head near the S1-S2 junction. During normal contraction, cross-bridges go through their structural cycle asynchronously with each other, since they start at different times, but if the S2 changes in length rather little, then the configurational changes in the myosin heads are synchronized with the actin filament movement in such a way that the S1-S2 junction remains relatively fixed in its axial position. In a quick release, it is suggested that bringing many S1 heads simultaneously to the end of their working strokes on actin disrupts the 143 A axial repeat of their distal ends near S2, and brings about the large decrease of the 143 A meridional reflection. This model therefore involves a large change in the position of part of the myosin head structure relative to actin during the working stroke of the cross bridge. PMID- 6604822 TI - [Effects of enflurane on contractile system of skeletal muscle--effects on contractile protein]. PMID- 6604823 TI - [Susceptibility of clinically isolated Haemophilus influenzae to cephamycin antibiotics]. AB - Susceptibility of 100 clinical isolates of H. influenzae (84 beta-lactamase non producing strains and 16 beta-lactamase producing strains) to 5 cephamycin antibiotics was studied in comparison with 3 reference antibiotics. In MIC90 against beta-lactamase non-producing strains, LMOX and ABPC were the most excellent, followed by T-1982, CTT, CTM, CMZ, CFX and CEZ. Against beta-lactamase producing strains, all the cephamycin antibiotics were as active as against beta lactamase non-producing strains, whereas ABPC was extremely less active with the MIC90 of greater than 100 micrograms/ml. CTM and CEZ were about 1 tube less active than against beta-lactamase non-producing strains. Thus, it was confirmed that the cephamycin antibiotics were stable to beta-lactamase. PMID- 6604824 TI - [Acute B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia with Burkitt's lyphoma cells--a case report]. AB - A 65-year-old man with acute lymphoblastic leukemia of B-cell origin is described. The patient had many distinctive features including a very high blast cell count, hepatomegaly, hemorrhagic diathesis and a fulminant clinical course. Immunological studies showed the blast cells to have surface characteristics of B lymphoid cells (IgG kappa). These cells had moderate amounts of deeply basophilic cytoplasm without granules. Most cells contained empty cytoplasmic vacuoles (L3 according to the FBA classification). Autopsy confirmed wide-spread leukemia involving the bone marrow, spleen, liver, kidneys, lungs, adrenals, thyroid gland, stomach, rectum, root ganglia and lymph nodes. This case is an example of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with Burkitt's tumor cells (L3). PMID- 6604825 TI - [Adult T-cell leukemia found in siblings]. PMID- 6604826 TI - [Case of pleomorphic lymphoma (so-called ATL) accompanied by a tumor-cell associated consumption coagulopathy]. PMID- 6604827 TI - [Case of intramural hematoma of the small intestine caused by anticoagulants]. PMID- 6604828 TI - [ECG-gated single photon emission computed tomography for thallium-201 myocardial imaging in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyophathy]. PMID- 6604829 TI - [Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in bone lesion]. PMID- 6604830 TI - [A new method for analyzing the local cerebral metabolic rate of glucose using an 18FDG positron CT-image]. PMID- 6604831 TI - Effects of local anesthetics, tetrodotoxin, aconitine and verapamil on the mechanoreceptors of isolated frog heart. AB - Effects of local anesthetics, tetrodotoxin (TTX), aconitine and verapamil on the rate of afferent discharges from the mechanoreceptors of isolated hearts of the bullfrog were studied. When procaine (1 X 10(-4) M), tetracaine (1 X 10(-6) M) and dibucaine (1 X 10(-5) M) decreased the contractile force and beating rate of the heart, high frequency discharges that were synchronized with the contraction of the heart appeared. When concentrations of these local anesthetics were increased, the afferent discharges were abolished. When TTX (1 X 10(-8) M - 1 X 10(-7) M) caused a cardiac arrest, high frequency discharges, consisting of maintained discharges and the discharges synchronized with small contractions of the ventricle, appeared. Occasionally, in the presence of TTX (1 X 10(-7) M) the cardiac arrest occurred, and then very irregular contractions appeared. At that time, high frequency discharges synchronized with contractions appeared. On the other hand, aconitine (1 X 10(-7) M - 1 X 10(-6) M) initially increased the rate of afferent discharges from mechanoreceptors in the atrium and ventricle and then abolished the discharges without significantly affecting beating rhythms and contractile force. When verapamil (1 X 10(-6) M - 1 X 10(-5) M) was applied, the beating rate and contractile force were significantly decreased, but high frequency discharges synchronized with contractions were observed. These results indicate that local anesthetics, TTX and verapamil at those concentrations which depressed the cardiac functions did not inhibit the heart mechanoreceptor excitability and the concentration of aconitine that markedly affected the cardiac functions stimulated the heart mechanoreceptor. PMID- 6604832 TI - [Aortocoronary bypass surgery for unstable angina with old myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6604833 TI - Determinants of serum 1,25(OH)2D levels in renal disease. AB - Serum 1,25(OH)2D and factors related to its production were studied in 39 patients with various degrees of renal insufficiency. Serum 1,25(OH)2D levels correlated positively with 1/serum creatinine values (r = 0.54, P less than 0.001) and negatively with serum phosphorus (r = -0.39, P less than 0.02) and age (r = -0.33, P less than 0.05). There was no significant correlation between 1,25(OH)2D levels and serum calcium or calcitonin or PTH, although the logarithm of PTH correlated inversely with 1,25(OH)2D levels (r = -0.47, P less than 0.01). Patients who had normal or supranormal 1,25(OH)2D levels despite low GFR tended to have low serum phosphorus values. Serum levels of bone Gla protein (BGP), a biochemical marker for bone metabolism, correlated negatively with 1/serum creatinine (r = -0.39, P less than 0.02) and positively with PTH (r = 0.57, P less than 0.001) and age (r = 0.33, P less than 0.05). Prophylaxis with 1,25(OH)2D should be considered in patients with significantly decreased serum 1,25(OH)2D levels, as seem to occur when serum creatinine is greater than 4.0 mg/dl. However, despite the statistically significant correlation between serum 1,25(OH)2D and 1/serum creatinine, direct measurement should be used to ascertain the serum concentration of 1,25(OH)2D in chronic renal insufficiency. PMID- 6604834 TI - [Errors and dangers in aortocoronary bypass surgery]. PMID- 6604835 TI - [Esophagogastroduodenoscopy in patients with portal hypertension]. PMID- 6604837 TI - A simple method for obtaining blood samples from mature frogs. AB - A technique was developed for obtaining periodic blood samples from mature frogs. Up to 150 microliter of blood was collected at weekly intervals. Anesthetization was not required. The data compiled with this technique indicated that activity induced hyperglycemia was minimal. PMID- 6604836 TI - [Complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and their prevention]. PMID- 6604838 TI - Structural and cell population changes in the lymph nodes of the athymic nude mouse. AB - A recent tridimensional analysis of the lymph node demonstrated that its deep cortex is composed of grossly hemispherical "units," adjoining a portion of its peripheral cortex. Each deep cortex unit can be distinguished into a center and a periphery. The periphery was concluded to be a site for migration of circulating lymphocytes, the center, a site where T cells would participate in cellular immune responses. The aim of the present work was to determine the influence of the congenital athymic state on the development of the units and of other components in the lymph nodes of the nude mouse. For this, the lymph nodes at various anatomical locations in adult athymic nude mice were analyzed. The present study revealed that the athymic state did not inhibit the development of the units but severely depleted the lymphocyte population of their center only. However, it did inhibit the development of an area of peripheral cortex located over the middle part of a unit. Such an area of peripheral cortex is, thus, concluded to be thymus dependent, as is the center of a deep cortex unit. The athymic state also prevented the development of the cells of the nodules (germinal centers) and of much of the plasmocytes. On the other hand, it yielded to the enlargement of the follicles, the formation of new structures: medullary "lymphocyte clusters" and the transformation of the medullary venules into high endothelial venules. The various modifications of the nodal structures resulting from the congenital athymic state are discussed in relation to some functions of the organ. PMID- 6604839 TI - Immunogenetic and immunologic aspects of gliosarcoma growth in rats. AB - Growth of the chemically induced, transplantable rat brain tumor gliosarcoma 9L (GS-9L) is under immunogenetic control. Both susceptible and resistant rats produce an immune response to the tumor, but the response is qualitatively different in the two groups. The intraperitoneal administration of gliosarcoma-9L cells in resistant KGH rats causes the production of cytotoxic lymphocytes and macrophages, and in susceptible F344 rats suppressor lymphocytes are produced. After gliosarcoma-9L cells were administered to (KGH x F344)F1 and backcross rats, tumor susceptibility or resistance and the nature of the immune response correlated well with the histocompatibility type, indicating the parallel genetic control of both traits. However, a second gene or gene complex, not linked to the major histocompatibility complex, may participate in the regulation of tumor growth. PMID- 6604840 TI - Murine lupus nephritis. Effects of glucocorticoid on circulating and tissue-bound immunoreactants. AB - We investigated the effects of methylprednisolone on immunoreactants of plasma and kidney to determine factors that might be relevant to the arrest of murine lupus nephritis. At the onset of nephritis, at about 5 months of age, the mice were divided in two groups and received either methylprednisolone or saline injections for 12 weeks. Before and after therapy (or saline injections), we determined the concentrations of plasma IgG, complement (C3), anti-DNA antibodies, Clq-reactive materials, creatinine, and urea nitrogen; in the kidneys, we assessed the relative distribution of IgG, IgM, and C3 in glomeruli, and we determined the concentration of IgG and anti-DNA activity of the eluted proteins. Our results indicated that methylprednisolone administered at the onset of nephritis preserved glomerular structure and function by decreasing the amount of tissue-bound immunoreactants and by inducing a preferential localization of immunoreactants in mesangia. Of the immunoreactants studied in plasma, a decreased concentration of IgG, but not the concentrations of anti-DNA antibodies, C3, and Clq-reactive materials, was associated with the arrest of nephritis. The anti-DNA activity in the renal eluates was very low and comparable in treated and untreated mice. Immune complex systems other than, or in addition to, DNA-anti-DNA likely play a role in the pathogenesis of murine lupus nephritis. PMID- 6604841 TI - Application of Silman and Gelfand (1981) 90th percentile levels for acoustic reflex thresholds. PMID- 6604842 TI - Concentration and cellular distribution of androgen receptor in human prostatic neoplasia: can estrogen treatment increase androgen receptor content? AB - The concentration of androgen receptor in cytosol (free and total sites) and nuclear fractions from benign (28 specimens) and malignant prostatic tissue from treated (16 specimens) and untreated patients (10 specimens) were assayed using [3H]methyltrienolone (3H R-1881) as ligand under conditions which stabilize AR and prevent binding of 3H R-1881 to progesterone receptor. It was found that optimum results were obtained when sodium molybdate (10 mM) was added after separation of the nuclear pellet rather than during tissue homogenization; when cytosol and nuclear exchange assays were carried out at 15 degrees C rather than at 0 degrees C; and when hydroxylapatite was used to separate free and bound steroid in the nuclear assay. Although AR values were variable in both BPH and carcinoma tissue, certain patterns of concentration, occupancy, and cellular distribution were observed in different patient groups. In BPH and untreated carcinoma tissue, the mean occupancy of cytosol AR by endogenous androgens was high, but the mean nuclear AR concentration was higher in BPH than in carcinoma tissue. Androgen receptor concentrations in tissue from orchiectomized patients were consistent with the effects of androgen deprivation: total cell AR was depleted, and a higher proportion was present as free cytosol AR. However, in tissue from most patients who had been treated with diethylstilbestrol (DES) on a long-term basis, total cell AR values were high. Although most of the AR was present as free cytosol AR, in three of four patients who had been treated with both orchiectomy and DES, the concentrations of bound cytosol AR and nuclear AR were similar to those in untreated patients. PMID- 6604843 TI - Side-chain cleavage of C21 steroids by testicular microsomal cytochrome P-450 (17 alpha-hydroxylase/lyase): involvement of heme. AB - The two steps in the side-chain cleavage of C21 steroids to give C19 steroids (i.e. 17 alpha-hydroxylation and C17,20 lyase activity) were examined using a highly purified cytochrome P-450 from microsomes of neonatal pig testis to determine the photochemical action spectra for the two reactions. Photochemical action spectra, using either 4-ene (progesterone) or 5-ene (pregnenolone) substrates, showed maximal reversal of inhibition by CO with light of 451 nm. Evidently the heme of cytochrome P-450 is involved in both 17 alpha-hydroxylation and in C17,20-lyase activity as in the case of the side-chain cleavage of cholesterol. Mechanisms proposed to account for enzymatic cleavage of the alpha ketol side-chain of C21 steroids (C17,20 lyase activity) must be consistent with these findings. PMID- 6604844 TI - An ultrasound-induced tail-flick procedure: evaluation of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory analgesics. AB - An ultrasonic stimulus was used to elicit a nociceptive response (tail-flick) in mice. Acetaminophen, flurbiprofen, indomethacin, and zomepirac all produced an attenuation in the tail-flick response in a dose-related manner (100-400 mg/kg p.o.). Aspirin failed to significantly alter ultrasound-induced tail-flick latencies until the dose was raised to 700 mg/kg. Morphine (10 mg/kg, s.c.) produced the greatest attenuation in the tail-flick response, whereas chlorpromazine (20 mg/kg, p.o.) had no effect. The results indicate that this procedure can be used to evaluate analgesic drugs. PMID- 6604845 TI - Coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with ejection fractions below forty percent. Early and late results in 466 patients. AB - The outcome of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with preoperative ejection fractions below 40% was evaluated to determine if a specific level of ventricular dysfunction resulted in unacceptably poor short term or long-term survival rates. Left ventricular ejection fractions were segregated into groups of five percentage points each starting from 35% to 39% and progressing down to 10% to 14%. In evaluating the six ejection fraction groups between 10% and 39%, we found no significant differences among them with regard to previous myocardial infarctions, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), age, preoperative New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, or number of vessels bypassed. Eighty-four percent were men and 16% women. From 1976 through 1982, 466 patients were distributed among these groups, all having ejection fractions below 40% (mean 30% +/- 3% SEM). There were significant differences (p = 0.001) in both the hospital and long-term survival (36 months) of patients with preoperative ejection fractions from 20% to 39% (425 patients) as compared to those with preoperative ejection fractions from 10% to 19% (41 patients). Hospital survival rate was 89% for patients with ejection fractions from 20% to 39% but only 63% for patients with ejection fractions below 20%. Similarly, at 3 years, patients with ejection fractions of 20% to 39% had an average survival rate of 60% as compared to an average survival rate of 15% for those with ejection fractions below 20%. Neither the preoperative LVEDP nor the intraoperative ischemic arrest time significantly predicted survival. In all survivors, NYHA class decreased from an average of 3.00 to 1.25 in surviving patients following bypass at a mean follow-up of 29 +/- 5 months. It is concluded that ejection fraction is an excellent predictor of short-term and long-term survival following coronary artery bypass grafting. Patients with ejection fractions of 10% to 19% have a significantly reduced short-term and long-term survival rate as compared to patients with ejection fractions of 20% or more. PMID- 6604846 TI - Mechanism of plasma catecholamine increases during coronary artery bypass and valve procedures. AB - Nineteen patients undergoing coronary revascularization (14 patients) or valve replacement (five patients) were studied to monitor the catecholamine levels following operation and for each of three consecutive postoperative days. A significant (p less than 0.01) elevation was observed in both the serum norepinephrine and epinephrine levels immediately following operation, with both responding in a similar fashion (r = 0.804, p = 0.016). While epinephrine returned to control levels within 3 days of operation, the norepinephrine levels remained above control. The elevation in catecholamines associated with cardiac operation is presumed to be secondary to (1) the stress of surgical trauma and (2) the influence of cardiopulmonary bypass, with its attendant hypothermia and hemodynamic alterations. A comparative analysis was performed of (1) the type of operation, (2) the sex of the patient, (3) the presence of postoperative arrhythmia, (4) the history of receiving propranolol, (5) the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, (6) the duration of operation, and (7) the volume of fluid gradient absorbed during operation. None of these parameters except the sex of the patient was significantly related to the change in either norepinephrine or epinephrine associated with the operation. There was a significantly (p less than 0.05) higher epinephrine level at day 2 and 3 following operation in women than in men. None of the 19 patients had postoperative complications except for arrhythmias, which developed in nine patients and were not associated with the catecholamine responses. It is concluded that peak catecholamine stimulation does not reflect the ease of postoperative recovery. The duration of bypass and operation were also not directly related to the level of stimulation. It is apparent that there are multiple factors which combine to influence catecholamine secretion during cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 6604847 TI - Coronary revascularization in septuagenarians. AB - Despite a 15 year experience with the aorta-coronary bypass operation, indications for its use remain unsettled, especially in the elderly. Between January, 1974, and June, 1980, 2,667 patients underwent coronary artery revascularization with an overall mortality of 3.8% (101/2,667). During the last 12 months the mortality has decreased to 1%. There were 2,562 patients below the age of 70, with a mortality of 3.5% (90/2,562), in contrast to 105 patients over the age of 70, with a mortality of 10.5% (11/105) (p = 0.002). In patients less than 70 years of age there was a significant difference between the mortality of men, 3.12% (67/2,146), and that of women, 5.53% (23/416) (p = 0.015). This disparity of operative risk was far more pronounced in patients over 70 years of age: men 6% (5/84) and women 28.6% (6/21) (p = 0.002). The overall operative mortality of women, 6.6% (29/437), was significantly different from the overall mortality of men, 3.2% (72/2,230) (p = 0.001). An in depth analysis of past medical history, risk factors, and catheterization data is presented in those patients over the age of 70. The average number of vessels bypassed was 2.40: men 2.47 and women 2.09 (p = NS). The ages varied from 70 to 81 years with a mean of 72.5. Smoking (p = 0.012) and diabetes (p = 0.0078) were significant risk factors for coronary disease. Smoking (p = 0.032) and abnormal pulmonary artery pressures (p = 0.0429) were significant variables affecting mortality. A 97.1% follow-up was obtained up to 78 months. Coronary artery revascularization can be performed in men below the age of 70 with acceptable mortality, but there is a twofold increase above the age of 70. Women can undergo revascularization below the age of 70 with a significantly higher risk than males. Those above the age of 70 are at severe risk and should undergo revascularization only after careful selection. PMID- 6604848 TI - The effects of electrical acupuncture of Neiguan on the PO2 of the border zone between ischemic and non-ischemic myocardium in dogs. PMID- 6604849 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma phenotyping: problems in the use of heterologous and monoclonal antibodies. AB - Cell suspensions or frozen sections of lymph node biopsies from 32 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were studied for sheep erythrocyte (E)-binding under three conditions (Estandard, EAET, Egravity), Fc and C receptors, immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy and light chain class and reactivity with heterologous antisera to T cells (T-LCL), HLA-D (Ia-like) and common acute lymphocytic leukemia (c-ALL) antigens. Selected B and T cell lymphomas were also tested for reactivity with the monoclonal antibodies OKT 3, OKT 4, OKT 6, OKT 8, OKT 11A, Leu-1, Leu-2a, Leu 3a, Leu-4 and Leu-7. There were 26 B and 6 T lymphomas. Most B lymphomas were mu+ (81%), kappa+ (77%) and 31% were mu+ delta+. One of the T lymphomas arose in a patient with antecedent follicular small-cleaved (B) cell lymphoma. The most accurate marker for characterizing the immunologic phenotype in NHL was the clonal excess of kappa+ or lambda+ cells. Neither Estandard, EAET, Egravity or T LCL were consistently reliable as sole reagents in identifying T-cell lymphomas, their individual scores often being lower than those of monoclonal pan-T cell reagents. HLA-D (Ia-like) antigen was noted in 89% of B and 50% of T lymphomas. The corresponding values for c-ALL antigen were 12 and 33%, respectively. The comparative scores in T-lymphomas between OKT 4 and Leu-3a for "helper-inducer" (HE) cells and OKT 8 and Leu-2a for "suppressor-cytotoxic" (SU) cells were not uniformly consistent. Four T lymphomas had a mixed HE/SU cell phenotype, one was HE, and another SU. Anti-T reactivity was detected in the neoplastic follicles of six of seven follicular lymphomas. The percentage of anti-T reactive cells within positive neoplastic follicles was usually small (5-15%) and of the same order as that noted within reactive lymphoid follicles (5-30%). High numbers (50-100%) of cells from five small lymphocytic B, three diffuse small cleaved cell B and six T cell lymphomas were also positive with one or more anti-T reagents, suggesting the presence of cross-reactive antigens that make phenotyping of lymphomas with monoclonal antibodies problematic. Reactivity with the monoclonal antibody Leu-7 (HNK-1), a putative NK-specific reagent, was seen in one of five B and three of five T lymphomas. PMID- 6604850 TI - An in vitro analysis of murine hemopoietic fibroblastoid progenitors and fibroblastoid cell function during aging. AB - We determined the number of fibroblastoid progenitors (fibroblastoid colony forming units, CFU-F) in femurs and spleens derived from (CBA X C57BL)F1 mice of different ages. The femoral CFU-F population size increased from 350 at 1 week of age and plateaued at approximately 1900 CFU-F at 8 weeks of age. The mean incidence of CFU-F per 10(6) femoral marrow nucleated cells decreased from 82 at 8 weeks of age to 55 at 70 weeks of age; however, due to an increase in femur cellularity, there was no decrease in the CFU-F population size. The splenic CFU F population decreased from 1700 at 1 week of age to 180 at 8 weeks of age; no further change was observed in mice up to 70 weeks' old. Analysis of colony stimulating activity production by fibroblastoid colonies derived from young (6 weeks) and aged (70 weeks) mouse femoral marrow demonstrated no difference. These results indicate that there is no change in CFU-F numbers or fibroblastoid cell colony-stimulating activity production associated with the age-related increase in hemopoietic organ cellularity and hemopoietic progenitor content observed in this mouse strain. There were, however, major changes in the CFU-F population sizes during development of both femoral marrow and spleen in the first 2 months after birth. PMID- 6604851 TI - [Central nervous system disease and complement fixing anti-DNA antibodies]. PMID- 6604852 TI - [Pregnancy-specific beta 1-glucoprotein in the serum of patients with non-tumoral diseases]. PMID- 6604853 TI - [Alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotype and rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6604854 TI - [Emergency endoscopy in upper digestive hemorrhage]. PMID- 6604855 TI - [Mediterranean boutonneuse fever. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, treatment of choice]. PMID- 6604856 TI - Effects of drugs and electrical stimulation on rainbow lizard (Agama agama Linn.) isolated gastrointestinal tract smooth muscles. AB - The effects of some autonomic drugs and transmural electrical stimulation have been investigated on different isolated regions (oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, ileum, colon, and rectum) of the rainbow lizard (Agama agama Linn.) alimentary canal. Acetylcholine and its natural or synthetic analogues (5 X 10(-10)-10(-6)M) contracted the rainbow lizard isolated oesophagus, duodenum, ileum, colon, and rectum (but not the stomach) in a concentration-dependent manner. Acetylcholine cholinoceptors on the lizard gut were classified as "muscarinic" since acetylcholine-induced contractions of the muscle preparations were inhibited or abolished by relatively low concentrations of atropine (10(-9)-10(-6)M), but not by d-tubocurarine or hexamethonium (at the same concentration levels. Atropine exhibited characteristics of competitive antagonism and gave a high mean pA2 value (9.40 +/- 0.25) against acetylcholine on lizard isolated rectum. Physostigmine (eserine, 10(-8)-10(-4)M) did not contract any isolated region of the lizard gut. However, low to medium concentrations of eserine (10(-8)-10(-6)M) potentiated acetylcholine-but not carbachol-induced contractions of the isolated smooth muscle segments taken from different regions of the rainbow lizard alimentary canal. The selective potentiation of ACh-elicited contractions of the muscle preparations by eserine is therefore thought to suggest the presence of acetylcholinesterases in the tissues, and their inhibition by physostigmine. Dimethylphenylpiperazinium (DMPP) or nicotine (10(-8)-10(-5)M) did not contract any of the isolated segments from the different regions of the rainbow lizard alimentary canal. Adrenaline and all its analogues examined (10(-8)-10(-5)M) dose dependently relaxed isolated segments from different regions (except the stomach) of the rainbow lizard gastrointestinal tract. The catecholamine-induced relaxations of the lizard gut smooth muscles were inhibited or abolished by low concentrations of phentolamine (10(-7)-2.5 X 10(-6)M). This observation probably suggests the presence of "alpha" adrenoceptors on rainbow lizard gastrointestinal tract. Repetitive transmural electrical excitation induced tetrodotoxin- (and atropine-) resistant, frequency-dependent contractions of all isolated segments taken from different regions (except the stomach) of the lizard alimentary canal. The findings that medium to high concentrations of physostigmine (10(-6)-10( 4)M), DMPP and nicotine (10(-6)-10(-5)M) failed to elicit intrinsic nerve mediated contractions, coupled with the fact that tetanic transmural electrical stimulation caused tetrodotoxin-resistant contractions of the rainbow lizard isolated gut muscles, strongly suggest that the autonomic innervation of this reptilian alimentary canal differs from that of a conventional mammalian (e.g. guinea-pig) gastrointestinal tract... PMID- 6604857 TI - Cerebellopontine angle tumors: bilateral flocculus compression as cause of associated oculomotor abnormalities. AB - Oculomotor abnormalities of pursuit, OKN, gaze as well as saccade are frequently found in patients with large cerebellopontine angle tumors. Evidence is presented in support of the proposition that bilateral flocculus compression is likely responsible for the majority of oculomotor abnormalities noted in these patients. An hypothesis for the genesis of Bruns' as well as bilateral gaze paretic nystagmus is put forward. Successful tumor removal implies that pursuit and optokinetic nystagmus are more sensitive than the other oculomotor functions to the compressive effects of a cerebellopontine angle mass. PMID- 6604858 TI - Diagnostic procedures in the evaluation of hepatic diseases. Metabolic errors. PMID- 6604859 TI - [Mathematical support of epidemiological research in rheumatic diseases]. AB - Software for data processing collected in the course of epidemiologic investigations of rheumatic diseases is developed. It is capable of determining an optimal set of automated devices in terms of informative and cost factors. Experimental use of an automated prototype intended to detect patients suffering from rheumatic diseases has shown rather high efficiency of decision rules developed by means of the software. PMID- 6604860 TI - Heterogeneity of capillary diameters in skeletal muscle of the frog. AB - Capillary diameters in sartorius muscle of frogs were measured in vivo by means of a new computer video method, based on the passage of red blood cells (RBCs) through the capillary (C. Ellis, R. Sanfranyos, and A. Groom (1983), Microvasc. Res. 26, 139-150). The distribution of capillary diameters from 21 frogs was represented by a histogram with a mean +/- SD of 16.7 +/- 4.4 microns (N = 83). The measured dimensions (mean +/- SD) of frog RBCs, which have a flattened ellipsoidal shape, were: major axis = 24.1 +/- 2.6 microns (N = 149); minor axis = 16.5 +/- 1.5 microns (N = 158); thickness at center = 5.4 +/- 0.8 microns (N = 32). Frog RBCs travel through capillaries with their major axes predominantly parallel to the direction of flow; therefore, RBCs pass through capillaries without deformation provided that the diameter of the capillary is larger than the minor axis of the cell. By standardizing the measured values of capillary diameter in terms of mean minor dimension of the RBCs (ratio of means for frog being 1.0, approx), we were able to compare the diameter distribution in an amphibian with that in a mammal (rat). If RBC size alone mattered, both standardized distributions should superimpose; however, that for frog was shifted to the right of that for rat, indicating that frog RBCs are less deformable than RBCs of rat. This highlights the necessity, in the microcirculation, for matching capillary diameter to both size and deformability of the red cell. PMID- 6604861 TI - Hospital costs and return to work after coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 6604862 TI - Cytotoxic drugs in the treatment of rheumatic diseases. PMID- 6604863 TI - The interaction of immune serum globulin and immune globulin intravenous with complement. AB - The in vitro anticomplementary activity of untreated and heat-aggregated (63 degrees C, 10 min) immune serum globulin (ISG) and immune globulin intravenous (IGIV) prepared by partial reduction and alkylation have been evaluated by three assays, C3 activation, binding to C1q and enhancement of alternative pathway lysis of rabbit erythrocytes. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis was used to quantitatively measure the ability of ISG and IGIV to activate endogenous C3 in normal serum. Binding to C1q was determined according to the ability to inhibit binding of 125I-C1q to solid phase IgG. ISG and IGIV enhancement of lysis of rabbit erythrocytes by normal human serum adsorbed with rabbit erythrocytes in the presence of MgEGTA was used to determine activity in the alternative complement pathway. Unheated IGIV at 10 mg/ml only marginally activated endogenous C3 in normal serum, had about a 5-fold lower affinity for 125I-C1q (Ki = 138 to 356 microM vs Ki = 62.5 microM for ISG), but was very similar in ability to ISG on a weight basis in enhancing complement alternative pathway activity (RCH50 = 0.23 to 0.40 mg for IGIV vs 0.17 mg for ISG). Heat-aggregated IGIV at 5 mg/ml in normal human serum was about 2-fold less effective than heat-aggregated ISG in the activation of C3 in normal serum and had approximately 2- to 3-fold lower affinity in the C1q binding assay (Ki = 45 to 83 nM for heat-aggregated IGIV vs Ki = 14.6 nM for heat-aggregated ISG). These data suggest that IGIV prepared by chemical modification retains sufficient specific receptor activity to allow in vivo efficacy in complement-mediated amplification of host defense reactions, but is safe for intravenous use due to a lower capacity to initiate nonspecific complement activation. PMID- 6604864 TI - Pretreatment marrow cytogenetic status: a predictor of response to remission induction therapy in acute myelogenous leukemia. PMID- 6604866 TI - The anesthetic management of pulmonary resection: survey and recommendations. PMID- 6604865 TI - Prostaglandin E1 in obstructive peripheral vascular disease. PMID- 6604868 TI - Changes in serum bile acids during treatment with chenodiol or ursodiol for dissolution of cholesterol gallstones. PMID- 6604867 TI - Renal salt wasting and metabolic acidosis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy. PMID- 6604869 TI - Catheter and cradle: nonsurgical retrieval of foreign bodies. PMID- 6604870 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of the duodenum: two cases, one with echographic image. PMID- 6604871 TI - Treatment of refractory ascites in hemodialysis patient with peritoneovenous shunt (Denver shunt). PMID- 6604872 TI - External choledochoduodenostomy: a controversial approach to management of choledocholithiasis. PMID- 6604873 TI - Ulcerative colitis and hemophilia A. PMID- 6604874 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma of the rectum: a case report. PMID- 6604875 TI - T-lymphocyte--mediated granulopoietic failure. In vitro identification of prednisone-responsive patients. AB - To identify patients with T-lymphocyte--mediated granulopoietic failure, we compared clonal growth of unfractionated bone-marrow cells with that of autologous marrow cells from which T lymphocytes had been removed, in a group of 234 patients. We also attempted to identify prednisone-responsive patients by culturing both unfractionated and T-depleted cells with and without glucocorticoids in vitro. Ninety-three patients were treated with prednisone for two to four weeks. Neutropenia resolved in 24 of 25 patients whose colony growth was enhanced by glucocorticoids in vitro, but in none of 68 whose cultures showed no response (P = 10(-10). Hemopoietic inhibitory T cells were found in 21 of the 24 prednisone-responsive patients. When these 21 patients were restudied during steroid treatment, the hemopoietic inhibitory cells were undetectable in steroid responsive patients but were present in steroid-resistant patients. T lymphocytes can mediate granulopoietic failure in a variety of conditions, and in vitro studies identify most of the patients with these conditions. Hemopoietic inhibitory T cells are often steroid-sensitive, and in vitro study accurately predicts responses to steroid therapy. PMID- 6604876 TI - Effects of coronary-artery bypass grafting on survival. Implications of the randomized coronary-artery surgery study. PMID- 6604877 TI - Inhibition of acetylcholine release from preganglionic frog nerves by ATP but not adenosine. AB - ATP is known to be released in association with acetylcholine at synapses in the vertebrate peripheral nervous system. Exogenously applied ATP and its derivatives have been shown to reduce the release of acetylcholine, so it has been postulated that ATP has a role in the modulation of transmitter secretion. More recent results have suggested, however, that specific adenosine receptors are responsible for the inhibitory effects of adenosine derivatives on transmitter release, and ATP, if released, must be hydrolysed to adenosine to produce inhibition. The original hypothesis that ATP itself might inhibit acetylcholine secretion would be strengthened if it were found that adenosine is very much less potent than ATP as an inhibitor of ACh secretion. We report here results which show this is the case in sympathetic ganglia. PMID- 6604879 TI - Specific suppression of responses to Leishmania tropica by a cloned T-cell line. AB - Most clinical cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania tropica major consist of self-healing lesions that are associated with the development of strong specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) detected by delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). At the other extreme are susceptible individuals who develop persistent or diffuse forms of the disease. This spectrum of cutaneous leishmaniasis can be reproduced in in-bred mouse strains according to their genetic constitution. BALB/c mice are exceptionally susceptible: the disease can be induced with minimum infecting doses and is inexorably progressive, terminating in cutaneous and fatal visceral metastasis. In this case, potentially curative CMI is abrogated by the generation of a specific Lyt-1$2-, I-J- population of suppressor T (Ts) cells, whose induction is probably secondary to a primary macrophage defect controlled by a single major non-H-2-linked autosomal gene. The generation of the Ts cells can be prevented and infection cured by prior sublethal (550 rad) irradiation. The potency of the Ts cells is such that as few as 10(6) cells transferred adoptively can completely reverse this prophylactic effect. In view of their potency and potential relevance to clinical leishmaniasis, I have now studied Ts cells at the clonal level to delineate further their functional characteristics and interaction with the effector mechanism. I report here a cloned T-cell line expressing specific suppression against in vitro lymphocyte proliferation and in vitro induction of DTH to L. tropica antigens. PMID- 6604878 TI - Stimulation of noradrenergic sympathetic outflow by calcitonin gene-related peptide. AB - Alternative splicing of RNA transcripts from the calcitonin gene produces mRNAs that encode different polypeptides. While the mRNA encoding calcitonin predominates in thyroidal 'C' cells, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) mRNA appears to be the major mRNA component in non-thyroid tissue, including brain. The predicted peptide arising from translation of CGRP mRNA has now been identified immunocytochemically throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems. CGRP, a 37-residue peptide, is distributed in brain pathways subserving sensory, motor and autonomic functions. We report here that CGRP acts in the central nervous system to stimulate selectively noradrenergic sympathetic outflow. PMID- 6604880 TI - [Electrical response of frog lingual epithelium to stimulation of the gustatory nerve]. AB - Electrical stimulation of the gustatory nerve evoked a positive electrical response of the outer surface of the tongue (relative to its inner layers). The amplitude and the rate of rise of the response grew and the latency fell with increased frequency of stimulation. The response originated in the superficial epithelial layer (30-60 micrometers) and was produced by a decrease of "resting potential" (negative-outside) of this layer. The response was accompanied by a strong decrease of the superficial tongue layer resistance and arose probably as a result of short-circuiting of the epithelial layer by high-conductive nonspecific channels. Similar response accompanied by a decrease of the superficial tongue layer resistance was recorded with adequate stimulation (by acetic acid vapours). The results are compared with the response of the frog skin to the stimulation of cutaneous nerve. PMID- 6604881 TI - The regulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine release from superfused synaptosomes by 5 hydroxytryptamine and its immediate precursors. AB - The effect of L-tryptophan, 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan (5-HTP), and 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on the K+-evoked release of [3H]5-HT from superfused rat brain synaptosomes was studied. 5-HT at concentrations above 10 nM significantly inhibited the K+-evoked release of [3H]5-HT. A slight enhancement of [3H]5-HT release was observed at a concentration of 5nM. In contrast tryptophan at a concentration of 10 nM significantly enhanced [3H]5-HT release with little effect at higher concentrations. 5-HTP did not significantly effect [3H]5-HT release. The results confirm previous findings that 5-HT inhibits its own release from nerve endings, and demonstrate that low concentrations of tryptophan in the synaptic region may act as a positive feedback regulator of 5-HT release. PMID- 6604882 TI - [Intracranial hemorrhage in von Willebrand's disease.--A case report]. AB - A rare case of intracranial hemorrhage proved associated with von Willebrand's disease was reported. A 4-year-old girl fell down and hit her occipital region against a small wooden case. Soon after she cried for a few minutes, but she gradually became unconscious. Four hours later she was brought to our hospital. On admission she was semicomatose with left hemiparesis. There was no evidence of head injury and plain skull films were normal. CT scan disclosed a hematoma in the right basal ganglia with a ventricular hemorrhage. No vascular malformations were seen on the carotid angiogram. Immediate aspiration of intraventricular hematoma and ventricular drainage were performed bilaterally by a frontal approach. After the operation she recovered consciousness dramatically, and on the following morning she had a clear consciousness. One week later ventriculo peritoneal shunt was performed. There were no episodes of abnormal bleeding in her past or her family histories. But a prolonged bleeding time was recognized by a routine laboratory examination on admission. The clotting time, platelet count and prothrombin time were normal. As further hemostatic study and factor VIII assay demonstrated the decreased platelet retention rate (Saltzman test), the decreased ristocetin induced platelet aggregation rate (RIPA), and the decreased levels of Coagulant factor VIII (VIII: C), factor VIII-related antigen (VIIIR: AG) and von Willebrand factor (VIII: WF), she was diagnosed as von Willebrand's disease. Fortunately we could perform the operation safely and did not experience the troublesome postoperative bleeding without specific therapy. She was discharged one month later with no neurological deficits and returned to her normal life. PMID- 6604883 TI - Involvement of 5-HT2 receptors in the wet-dog shake behaviour induced by 5 hydroxytryptophan in the rat. AB - The wet-dog shake behaviour induced by 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) was used as a model of central 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor activity in the rat. The wet dog shake behaviour induced by 5-HTP was dose-dependent. Selective 5-HT2 receptor antagonists ketanserin, pirenperone and methysergide (with little selectivity) were administered to rats displaying the wet-dog shake behaviour. The three antagonists produced a rapid and dose-dependent inhibition of wet-dog shakes. Pirenperone was more potent than ketanserin, which was more potent than methysergide at inhibiting wet-dog shake behaviour. Since 5-HT2 receptor antagonists inhibit the 5-HTP-induced wet-dog shakes it is proposed that the wet dog shakes induced by 5-HTP are mediated by activation of 5-HT2 receptors. PMID- 6604884 TI - Neurotoxicity of deoxycoformycin: effect of constant infusion on adenosine deaminase, adenosine, 2'-deoxyadenosine and monoamines in the mouse brain. AB - The tight-binding adenosine deaminase inhibitor, 2'-deoxycoformycin (dCF), was continuously infused into mice by intraperitoneal implantation of microosmotic pumps delivering the compound at a rate of 0.16 mg hr-1 kg-1 for up to 6 days. The activity of cerebral adenosine deaminase was nearly totally inhibited. The amount of adenosine and 2'-deoxyadenosine was determined in the brain frozen in liquid nitrogen through the intact skull bone. The concentration of adenosine was about 1 nmol/g, and was essentially not altered following treatment with deoxycoformycin. Deoxycoformycin induced a progressive increase in cerebral content of 2'-deoxyadenosine, which after 1 day of treatment equalled the amount of adenosine. The concentrations of serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline in the brain were not altered. PMID- 6604885 TI - The head-twitch response to intraperitoneal injection of 5-hydroxytryptophan in the rat: antagonist effects of purported 5-hydroxytryptamine antagonists and of pirenperone, an LSD antagonist. AB - The putative 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) antagonists 2-bromo-LSD, cinanserin, cyproheptadine, pizotifen, methysergide, metitepine, mianserin and metergoline were found to reduce the frequency of the head-twitch response induced by intraperitoneal injections of 320 mg/kg of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in the rat. The antagonist dose-effect curve of these agents was biphasic. It consisted of an initial, steep, phase and a subsequent, shallower, phase. Analysis of the data by means of quantitative and quantal methods yielded different rank orders of potency of antagonist drugs. Only pirenperone, a drug identified earlier as a pure antagonist, produced a simple, monophasic dose-effect curve in antagonizing the effects of 5-HTP. The antagonist effects of pirenperone, and the first phase of the curve of the putative 5-HT antagonists, may reflect antagonist activity at 5-HT2 receptors. The data are consistent with earlier behavioural evidence that the putative 5-HT antagonists act complexly as mixed agonist-antagonists; only pirenperone exerted behavioural effects that suggest it to be a pure antagonist. PMID- 6604886 TI - [Evaluation of T lymphocytes for purposes of resuscitation in the aged. Preliminary note]. PMID- 6604887 TI - The red eye. PMID- 6604888 TI - Blood pressure levels and the treatment of hypertension in Auckland, 1982. AB - The level of coronary heart disease risk factors in a random sample of 1598 people aged 35-64 years was examined in Auckland in 1982. Blood pressure was measured and the prevalence of treated and untreated hypertension determined. Mean systolic blood pressure increased with age from 124 mmHg (16.49 kPa) in men aged 35-39 years to 144 mmHg (19.15 kPa) in those aged 60-64 years, and from 115 mmHg to 140 mmHg (15.29-18.62 kPa) in women in the same age groups. Compared with previous New Zealand studies blood pressure levels were lower in this study and considerably more people were on antihypertensive treatment. Hypertension is still a major problem in Auckland with 21% of men and 19% of women aged 35-64 years either hypertensive or on antihypertensive treatment. Although half of these people were on treatment, 16% of men and 9% of women in this age group in Auckland were estimated to have a blood pressure level in the hypertensive range. PMID- 6604889 TI - Teaching nurses how to teach patients. PMID- 6604890 TI - Etiology of recurrent pregnancy losses and outcome of subsequent pregnancies. AB - Prospective evaluation of 155 couples with two or more consecutive pregnancy losses disclosed uterine morphologic abnormalities in 27%, chromosomal abnormalities in 21 individuals (7.7%, or 15.4% of the couples), and at least one abnormal diagnostic test suggestive of a cause for recurrent pregnancy losses in 106 (68%). A positive test for antinuclear antibody was found in 7.5% of the women, whereas the expected rate in a population of this age is less than 2%. Cervical cultures for Ureaplasma urealyticum (T-strain mycoplasma) were positive in 48% of the women, and 28% of these women had a genetic or uterine abnormality to explain their pregnancy losses. Thyroid function profiles and cervical cultures for Mycoplasma hominis provided no significant information in the evaluation in these couples. With the exception of women with a positive antinuclear antibody, the overall prognosis for later pregnancies was quite good whether the diagnostic evaluation of the couple was normal (77% subsequent live births) or abnormal (71% subsequent live births). The significance of the positive antinuclear antibody in these women is unclear, but further studies and long-term evaluation are necessary to determine the relationship between recurrent pregnancy losses and later development of collagen-vascular diseases. PMID- 6604891 TI - Testing for degrees of color blindness. PMID- 6604892 TI - [Role of metabolic immunosuppression in the development of diabetic involvement of the fundus oculi]. PMID- 6604893 TI - Immunosuppressive and immunizing activities in human tumor cell-free extract. AB - Cell-free extracts (CFE) from cultured human tumor cells, when used to sensitize lymphocytes, were capable of inducing distinct lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity (LMC) at low dose and had relatively low or no activity at a high dose. The higher dose of CFE suppressed markedly the induction of LMC when added to the mixed lymphocyte tumor cell cultures. The ability to induce LMC was associated most with 10,000 g fractions. All fractions, 1,000, 20,000 and 100,000 g, were able to suppress the induction of LMC, but 100,000 g fractions had the most suppressive activity. The supernatants of 100,000 g fractions were only slightly suppressive. Lymphocytes activated with tumor cell fractions were also cytotoxic to K-562 cells. PMID- 6604895 TI - Validation of the Holmes - Wright lanterns for testing colour vision. AB - The recently introduced Holmes - Wright Type A and Type B lanterns and the Farnsworth lantern were administered to 100 observers with normal colour vision and 100 observers with defective colour vision. With the fail criteria adopted, all normals passed the Holmes - Wright Type A lantern and with one exception all normals passed the Farnsworth lantern. However, 8% of normals failed the more difficult Holmes - Wright Type B lantern. It is noted that the normals who fail this lantern test appear to do so not because of poor colour discrimination but because the coloured stimuli presented by the lantern have a point brilliance close to the average chromatic threshold. About one-third of the colour vision defective group passed the Farnsworth lantern and between 14 and 17% passed the Holmes - Wright Type A lantern depending on the test procedure used. Only two mild deuteranomals in the sample of 100 colour abnormal observers succeeded in passing the Holmes - Wright Type B lantern. Dichromats and severe anomalous trichromats fail all three lanterns so that those who pass are all mild anomalous trichromats. A significant proportion of protanomals pass the Farnsworth lantern and some protanomals pass the Holmes - Wright Type A lantern despite their reduced sensitivity to red light and correspondingly reduced signal range for red signals. PMID- 6604894 TI - [Differentiation of the retina and pigment epithelium in the ontogeny of the common frog. 1. The retina]. AB - Changes in the ultrastructure of the differentiating retinal cells were studied by means of electron microscopy in Rana temporaria at successive developmental stages. Common features of the onset of differentiation of the retinal cells have been shown: appearance of the granular endoplasmic reticulum elements, of the polysomes, beginning of utilization of the yolk and lipids, elimination of ovarial melanosomes. Later during the differentiation of retinal neurons the protein synthesizing machinery and Golgi complex of these cells develop markedly, the number of mitochondria increases. The differentiation of retina begins from the Mullerian cells (stage 28) which determine the direction of growth of the neuron processes. They are followed by the ganglion cells and photoreceptors (stage 29). The signs of differentiation of the inner nuclear layer neurons become apparent later, in the amacrine and horizontal cells at the same time and in the bipolars later. The main features of neuronal organization of the retina which determine the structural basis of its function of light perception are formed by stage 40. PMID- 6604896 TI - Visual mechanisms for the analysis of spatial pattern. AB - After a brief outline of the structure and electrophysiology of the normal visual pathways, the responses, as revealed by psychophysical studies, of the visual system to spatially and temporally varying stimuli are reviewed. An appropriate network model, involving two sequentially organized classes of visual channel, is presented. Examples are given in which the psychophysical methods developed to analyse the normal visual pathways are applied to cases in which these pathways are defective (amblyopia, albinism, hemianopia, parietal cortical lesion, inhibitory central colour vision defect). These cases not only illustrate the value of psychophysical techniques in analysing disturbances of visual function but are also suggestive of the mechanisms involved in higher processing of the retinal image. PMID- 6604897 TI - Repetitive stimulation in the central nervous system. PMID- 6604898 TI - Passive transfer of immunity against hepatic amoebiasis in the hamster by cells. AB - The role of passive cell-mediated transfer of immunity in hepatic amoebiasis in hamsters was studied. The transfer of peritoneal cells from hamsters vaccinated against or protected from hepatic amoebiasis and from those with hepatic amoebiasis, as well as of spleen cells from vaccinated or protected, but not from infected hamsters, conferred immunity against hepatic amoebiasis in recipient normal hamsters. Treatment of the spleen cells from protected hamsters with anti T-cell serum abolished their ability to transfer immunity. It appears that the effector mechanism in this system is T-cell dependent. PMID- 6604899 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: complement activation in human and rodent sera by living parasites of various developmental stages. AB - Living Schistosoma mansoni of various developmental stages were studied with respect to their ability to activate the complement system in sera of humans, mice and rats. Immunofluorescence assays demonstrated that binding of human C3 occurred on fresh schistosomula as well as on schistosomula prepared from mouse lymph-nodes or lungs and on adult schistosomes. However, rodent C3 was deposited only on fresh schistosomula. Deposition of human C3 on the worms' surface required activation of the complement system. The alternative pathway was shown to be involved in deposition of human C3 on schistosomes of all ages, whereas activation of the classical pathway was demonstrable only with fresh schistosomula. Immunoelectrophoretic studies demonstrated a dose-dependent cleavage of human C3 and conversion of factor B by living adult schistosomes. The results demonstrate that the ability of living schistosomes to activate complement in vitro is dependent not only on their development stage but also on the species of the serum. PMID- 6604900 TI - [Neonatal hypocalcemia in 2 twins revealing maternal hyperparathyroidism. A review of the literature]. AB - The authors report the case of dizygotic twins suffering from transitory neonatal hypoparathyroidy and leading to the diagnosis of maternal hyperparathyroidy. The differences of clinical and biological symptomatology between these twins suggest individual variations in response to phosphocalcic disorders of the mother. A review of literature find 31 other cases. This study emphasize the aggravation by the mild hypomagnesemia frequently associated, the usual severity of initial clinical symptomatology in contrast with a good neurologic outcome, the diagnosis of maternal hyperparathyroidy. PMID- 6604901 TI - Development of Na inactivation in motor and sensory myelinated nerve fibres of Rana esculenta. AB - Development of Na permeability inactivation was investigated in myelinated motor (N = 12) and sensory (N = 12) nerve fibres of Rana esculenta at 20 degrees C. The K currents were blocked by 10 mM tetraethylammonium chloride, added to the superfusing solution. Additionally, in 4 fibres of each group internal CsCl was applied by diffusion from the cut internodes. Development of Na inactivation was approximated by the sum of two exponentials. The time constants of the fast and slow inactivation phase (tau h1 and tau h2) were dependent on membrane potential (E) with similar values in both fibre types for a given E. In contrast, significant differences were found in the contribution of both phases. In motor nerve fibres the amplitude of the fast phase was g = 0.70 (mean value of 12 fibres) throughout the potential range investigated (-30 mV less than or equal to E less than or equal to 40 mV). In sensory fibres g was potential dependent, increasing from 0.76 (mean value of 12 fibres) at E = -30 mV to unity at E greater than 30 mV. This difference in Na permeability inactivation is a further distinguishing property between motor and sensory nerve fibres. PMID- 6604902 TI - Anthracene-9-carboxylic acid inhibits renal chloride reabsorption. AB - From previous studies, it is known that in the diluting segment, C1- -ions are transported from the tubule lumen into the cell together with Na+ and K+ via a furosemide-sensitive cotransport system. This carrier-mediated process, located in the luminal cell membrane, is driven by the steep "downhill" Na+ gradient (directed from lumen to cell) which is maintained by the ouabain-sensitive Na+/K+ pump at the peritubular cell membrane. C1- -ions are accumulated within the cell cytosol and are supposed to leave the cell by a C1- -conductive pathway. The present experiments, performed in diluting segments of the isolated perfused frog kidney, demonstrate the existence of a significant C1- -permeability of the peritubular cell membrane and its complete inhibition by anthracene-9-COOH. The data indicate that C1- -reabsorption can be reduced not only by the inhibition of luminal C1- -entry (i.e. by furosemide) but also by the blockade of the passive C1- -exit step across the peritubular cell membrane. Since complete inhibition of C1- -permeability reduces transepithelial uphill C1- -transport only to half, the data disclose the existence of an additional C1- -pathway at the peritubular cell membrane. PMID- 6604903 TI - [Constant infusion of 15-O-labeled water and inhalation of 11C-labeled carbon monoxide for the regional determination of lung water by positron emission tomography]. AB - A method was developed for the continuous infusion of 15O-labeled water which allows the tomographic reconstruction of the total lung water (TLW). Subsequent inhalation of 11C-labeled carbon-monoxide permits the reconstruction of the blood volume (BV). After normalization of intravascular activities the difference of TLW minus BV yields a quantitative value of regional extravascular lung water (rELW). 15O-O2 is converted on-line to 15O-H2O and trapped in a 2 ml buffer reservoir which is fed by a pump with 0.9% NaCl. A precision pump is used to withdraw the labeled H2O and infuse it at a rate of 6 ml/min. The radioactivity level of the infusate (ca. 3.7 MBq/sec) is controlled and can be kept constant with a deviation of less than 5% over 40 min. The sterility and apyrogenicity of the system effluent is assured by frequent bacteriological, rabbit and limulus tests. A constant radioactivity level in the lung area is reached after 8-10 min. The infusion is continued for the tomographic reconstruction (Positron Camera System 4200, Cyclotron Corp.) which takes 15 min. A fast change of cyclotron parameters (MC-36, Scanditronix) and automated chemistry procedures allow a single breath administration of 11C-CO (ca. 40 MBq) 15 min after the end of the 15O-H2O infusion. Blood pool equilibrium is reached after 3-4 min, and the blood volume is reconstructed within 15 min also. Intravascular activities as determined from reconstructed slices in the region of the aortic arch correlate linearly with blood sample activities up to 100 kBq/ml. PMID- 6604904 TI - Intracerebroventricular and septal injections of arginine vasopressin are not antipyretic in the rabbit. AB - Arginine vasopressin (AVP) has been reported to have an antipyretic effect in the ewe and guinea pig near term. Perfusions with AVP of sites in the septal region also reduced fever in non-pregnant sheep. In the present experiments adult rabbits with third cerebral ventricular or septal cannulas were restrained in a 23 degree C environment, and rectal temperature was recorded every 10 min. Fever induced by IV administration of leukocytic pyrogen was not reduced by AVP (25-100 ng) given intraventricularly 20 min later. Doses of 1-5 micrograms AVP injected into the septum likewise were not antipyretic but actually caused an increase in fever. This augmentation of the febrile response is consistent with results of previous studies in this laboratory in which AVP increased hyperthermia in a hot environment and enhanced hyperthermic responses to PGE2. The data from these experiments provide no evidence that central AVP is an endogenous antipyretic in rabbits; rather, it may be that central AVP augments fever in this species. PMID- 6604905 TI - alpha-MSH injected into the septal region reduces fever in rabbits. AB - In previous research the concentration of alpha-MSH within the septal region of rabbits increased with fever. This finding raises the possibility that the septal concentration of this peptide, which reduces fever when given both peripherally and intracerebroventricularly, is important to limitation of fever. To test this idea, rabbits with cannulas in the septal region were made febrile by IV injections of leukocytic pyrogen (LP). Injection of alpha-MSH (1 microgram bilaterally) into the septal region did reduce fever, consistent with the idea that the increase in septal alpha-MSH concentration which occurs naturally in fever limits the febrile response. We also noted late rises in body temperature when experimental and control septal injections were given close together in time. These increases in temperature were similar to those known to occur after injections into the primary temperature control in the PO/AH region. This commonality further strengthens the possibility that septal neurons are important to central modulation of body temperature. PMID- 6604906 TI - Reactivity of histiocytosis X cells with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Histiocytosis X cells were demonstrated to react with T6 antigen as well as with the M1 and I1 markers of monocytes using immuno-electron microscopy and double labeling immunofluorescence technique. The data confirm the close relationship existing between histiocytic X cells, Langerhans cells and dendritic cells, and suggest to consider the T6 antigen either as an early differentiation marker of thymocytes or as a functional marker of Mononuclear Phagocyte System subpopulations. PMID- 6604907 TI - Synthesis and pharmacological properties of some 7H-[1] benzothiopyrano-[3,2-c] quinolin-7-ones. AB - The title compounds 3a-d were prepared by intramolecular cyclization of 2-[S (quinolyl-4)]-thiobenzoic acids 2a-d. The effects of 3a-d on the central nervous system were tested. Among the investigated benzothiopyranoquinolinones, the 2 chloro-6-methyl-derivative (3c) showed analgesic activity in the hot-plate and the writhing tests in doses over 100 mg/kg. Among known, biologically active polycyclic heterocyclic systems [1], benzothiopyranoquinolinones with variously condensed heterocyclic rings, have received little attention. 7H-[1] Benzothiopyrano [3,2-c] quinolin-7-one (3a) is an example of one of the four possible isomers in such systems. In continuation of our search for new centrally active compounds [12], we report here the synthesis and characterization of the parent system 3a and its three derivatives 3b-d. Since some thioxanthene derivatives [9] are known to be neuroleptic drugs, and few known in literature compounds [2, 13, 20] derived from the 3a system have not been tested pharmacologically for the central nervous system activity, we decided to investigate the influence of [1]-benzothiopyranoquinolinones 3a-d on the central nervous system of mice. The results of pharmacological screening are presented in this paper. PMID- 6604908 TI - Synthesis and some biological properties of substituted xanthone-2-carboxylic acids. AB - Xanthone-2-carboxylic acids 4a-4k were synthesized as potential antiphlogistic compounds, and compounds 4a-4c and 4f-4i were tested for anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. In the carrageenin paw edema the most potent of the series acid 4b displayed the activity which was approx one third of that of ketoprofen. PMID- 6604909 TI - Acupuncture--cultural perspectives. 1. The Western view. AB - While acupuncture has been popularized in the lay press for the past decade, its therapeutic efficacy has often been clouded by issues of Oriental mystique and difficulties in understanding a foreign medical system. Numerous studies have explored the mechanism by which acupuncture works. The effects of acupuncture constitute a generalized systemic reaction with far-reaching consequences. Acupuncture has numerous clinical applications in obstetrics and dentistry, as well as use in the treatment of asthma, musculoskeletal disorders, various addictions, angina pectoris, peptic ulcer disease, functional bowel disorders, and acute bacillary dysentery. PMID- 6604910 TI - Long-term broiler performance with bambermycins and bambermycins plus roxarsone. AB - Bambermycins and bambermycins plus roxarsone were fed to broilers in ten consecutive experiments to determine if response (measured by body weight and feed efficiency) was continuous over a long term. Bambermycins was added at 1.1 ppm (1 to 44 days) and 2.2 ppm (45 to 51 days) to both test rations. In addition, one test ration contained roxarsone (3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid) at 50 ppm (1 to 44 days). Each experiment was conducted with 1,080 commercial broiler cross-run chickens. Broilers fed bambermycins and bambermycins plus roxarsone were heavier (P less than .05) than controls in every experiment. Bambermycins plus roxarsone treated broilers were heavier (P less than .05) than bambermycins treated broilers in 2 out of 10 experiments. Broilers fed bambermycins converted feed more efficiently (P less than .05) than controls in 6 of 10 experiments and were more efficient (P less than .05) than bambermycins plus roxarsone fed broilers in 1 of 10 experiments. Bambermycins plus roxarsone treated broilers were more efficient (P less than .05) than controls in 5 of 10 experiments. These findings indicate that over a long term bambermycins and bambermycins plus roxarsone consistently and significantly (P less than .05) increased broiler body weights over controls, although the addition of roxarsone was not always effective in increasing body weights or improving feed efficiency over bambermycins fed alone. PMID- 6604912 TI - Immunological mechanisms in allergic disorders. PMID- 6604911 TI - Graft versus host response as influenced by the origin of the cell, age of chicken, and cellular interactions. AB - Mononuclear cells collected by Ficoll-paque or T cells collected by nylon wool elicited the same magnitude of graft versus host (GvH) response as mononuclear cells collected from the buffy coat (BC). Bone marrow, spleen, or thymic BC cells from day-old chickens did not produce a GvH response. The GvH ability of spleen and bone marrow BC cells increased rapidly during the first 4 weeks and then plateaued. Although at 4 and 12 weeks of age the GvH response produced by thymic BC cells was significantly less than spleen or bone marrow BC cells, thymic BC cells did produce a significant GvH response at these ages. Thymic BC cells from 11-month-old chickens showed significantly higher GvH response than those of previous ages. Corticosterone treatment of chickens eliminated the thymic cortex but did not enhance the GvH reactivity of thymic BC cells. Suppressor effect of thymic BC cells from day-old chickens was not detected. A synergistic effect was noted in the GvH reaction when thymic cells were combined with bone marrow or splenic BC cells of 4-week-old chickens. PMID- 6604913 TI - Distributions of serum lipoproteins in children by repeated measurements. AB - Serum lipids and lipoproteins were measured three times over 6 years in a total community study of children in Bogalusa, Louisiana. Interrelationships and changes in the distributions of serum lipoprotein cholesterol levels were examined in terms of variability and precision of the laboratory measurements. Although distributions of serum lipoprotein cholesterol variables shifted among the three surveys, precision increased markedly as indicated by a decrease in the coefficient of variation for measurement error for total cholesterol, alpha lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides between Year 1 and Year 4 and then stabilized. Pre-beta-lipoprotein cholesterol was the most difficult variable to measure. The range and magnitude of correlation coefficients between lipid and lipoprotein variables were very similar. Despite quality controls, efforts to standardize laboratory analyses, and adherence to protocols, fluctuations in distributions of lipids and lipoproteins occurred when the same population was restudied. Long-term studies for coronary artery disease prevention should include laboratory safeguards that help to distinguish modest population changes in serum lipids and lipoproteins from laboratory drift. PMID- 6604914 TI - Sarcoma growth factor from conditioned medium of virally transformed cells is composed of both type alpha and type beta transforming growth factors. AB - Sarcoma growth factor (SGF) derived from conditioned medium of Moloney sarcoma virus-transformed cells and partially purified by gel filtration (crude SGF) has been characterized by its ability both to compete with epidermal growth factor (EGF) for binding to membrane receptors and to induce anchorage-independent growth of untransformed cells. We now show that further purification of crude SGF by reverse-phase HPLC on muBondapak C18 and CN columns at pH 2 resolves it into two distinctly different polypeptides, which we call types alpha and beta transforming growth factors (TGFs). Type alpha TGF (TGF-alpha), but not type beta TGF (TGF-beta), competes for binding to the EGF receptor and induces the formation of small colonies (1,000-2,000 micron2) of normal rat kidney cells in soft agar. Both TGF-beta and EGF or TGF-alpha must be present in order to induce the formation of large colonies (7,000-15,000 micron2). Based on EGF competing equivalents as determined from a radioreceptor assay with 125I-labeled EGF in normal rat kidney cells, the relative ability of EGF and TGF-alpha to potentiate TGF-beta-dependent colony formation is in the order conditioned-medium TGF-alpha greater than EGF greater than intracellular TGF-alpha. Suboptimal concentrations of the same polypeptides give additive potentiation of the TGF-beta-dependent colony-forming response; saturating levels potentiate a similar maximum response whether used alone or in various combinations. The data indicate that the EGF competing activity of crude SGF is due to its TGF-alpha component alone, whereas the soft-agar colony-forming activity is due to the combined action of two distinct polypeptides, TGF-alpha and TGF-beta. PMID- 6604915 TI - Uvomorulin: a nonintegral membrane protein of early mouse embryo. AB - A monoclonal antibody has allowed the characterization of various forms of uvomorulin, a glycoprotein involved in the process of compaction of mouse morula. In addition to various degradation products, uvomorulin exists as a 120 kilodalton exocellular molecule stable at the cell surface. A short-lived 135 kilodalton precursor of uvomorulin has been detected after 10-min pulse labeling. Uvomorulin-like molecules are found on various tissues at various stages of development of the mouse. PMID- 6604916 TI - Enhancement of specific antitumor immunity in mice fed a diet enriched in vitamin A acetate. AB - Age-matched male CBA mice on a conventional or a vitamin A acetate (VAOAc)-rich diet were immunized with irradiated cloned 3-methylcholanthrene- or Harvey sarcoma virus-induced (McSa-1 or HT3-2.1) sarcoma cells and then challenged with viable corresponding or unrelated (non-crossreacting) syngeneic sarcoma cells. The survival of the specifically immunized mice on the VAOAc diet was significantly prolonged in comparison with all control groups of mice as assessed by using logrank tests. Moreover, the specific immunization markedly decreased the incidence of tumors after the McSa-1 (but not HT3-2.1) challenge in a group of mice on the VAOAc diet (5% tumor incidence) compared with the equivalent group on the control diet (50% tumor incidence). Neither the VAOAc diet nor in vivo immunization alone or combined influenced natural killer cell activity. Specific T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity after in vivo priming and in vitro boosting with sarcoma cells was increased in VAOAc-fed mice. However, the marginal increase in cytotoxicity does not in itself explain the strikingly increased resistance to tumor transplants in preimmunized mice on the VAOAc diet in comparison with preimmunized mice on the control diet. The results indicate that a diet enriched in VAOAc can modify the ability of the immune system of a mouse to respond effectively to tumor antigens and can influence whether a tumor grows or regresses. PMID- 6604917 TI - UC 729-6, a human lymphoblastoid B-cell line useful for generating antibody secreting human-human hybridomas. AB - UC 729-6, a 6-thioguanine-resistant human lymphoblastoid B-cell line, was fused with normal and malignant human lymphocytes. Parent UC 729-6 cells were diploid with a 21p+ marker chromosome, expressed surface and cytoplasmic IgM kappa, and doubled every 17 hr. The resulting human-human hybridomas were pseudotetraploid containing the 21p+ marker, doubled every 20-30 hr, and secreted 3-9 micrograms of human Ig per ml per 10(6) hybrid cells for greater than 9 months in continuous culture. Human Ig-secreting hybridomas were generated in 88% (14/16) of the fusions carried out and were cloned by limiting dilution (one cell per three wells) without the use of feeder layers. The mean fusion frequencies (number of wells, plated at 10(5) cells per well, showing hybrid growth per 10(6) lymphocytes fused) of UC 729-6 with normal lymphocytes ranged from 0.45 to 2.9 and with malignant B lymphocytes, from 3 to 10. Analysis of the human-human hybridomas derived from lymphocytes isolated from regional draining lymph nodes of cancer patients revealed several that secreted human monoclonal antibody that reacted by an enzyme immunoassay with some carcinoma cell lines but not with normal fibroblast cell lines. These data suggest that (i) UC 729-6 can be fused with human lymphocytes to generate stable human-human hybridomas, some of which secrete antibody reactive to human cell surface antigens, and (ii) UC 729-6 can be used to rescue Ig from nonsecretory malignant B cells and thereby allow for the production of anti-idiotype antibodies. PMID- 6604918 TI - Macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity: role of a soluble macrophage cytotoxic factor similar to lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor. AB - Guinea pig peritoneal macrophages, when activated for cytotoxicity by the calcium ionophore A23187 or lipopolysaccharide, produce a cytotoxic factor [macrophage cytotoxic factor (M phi-CF)] that is not blocked by catalase or protease inhibitors. Fractionation of culture supernates containing M phi-CF by gel filtration revealed one peak of cytotoxic activity of Mr approximately 45,000, the same as guinea pig lymphotoxin (LT). Antiserum prepared against purified guinea pig LT completely neutralized the cytotoxic activity of M phi-CF. In addition, the cytotoxic factor in guinea pig tumor necrosis serum was found to have a Mr of 45,000 and was neutralized by anti-LT. Thus, M phi-CF is physicochemically and immunochemically similar to LT and tumor necrosis factor, if not identical. To investigate the role of M phi-CF in macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity, anti-LT was added to A23187- or lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages before addition of L-929 target cells. In 10 of 16 experiments, the inhibition of macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity was 100%. In the others, cytotoxicity was blocked partially, the lowest inhibition being 49%. The effectiveness of inhibition appeared to be inversely related to the intensity of macrophage activation. These results indicate that M phi-CF plays a significant role in macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity but involvement of another mechanism cannot be excluded. PMID- 6604919 TI - Age-associated impairment of murine natural killer activity. AB - Natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity may be critical in the resistance displayed by animals and humans to tumors and various pathogenic microorganisms. Because the frequency of tumors and infections increases markedly in aging populations, we have compared the natural killer (NK) competence of lymphoid tissues (spleen, bone marrow) and of peritoneal cells of young adult and aged mice. Spontaneous NK activity was much lower, and the rate of target cell lysis was much less, in aged mice. The level of NK activity was only modestly increased in old, compared to young, mice when they were exposed to Trypanosoma musculi, an organism that provides strong stimulation of NK activity. Restricted NK activity of aged mice was not attributable to suppressor cells. The NK effector cells in old mice were characterized as being nonadherent to plastic, completely susceptible to lysis by complement plus an antiserum against specificity NK 1.2, and only slightly affected by treatment with antiserum against specificity Thy-1.2. Two indirect methods were employed to assess the relative frequency of splenic NK cells at the time of maximal stimulation by T. musculi: a cytotoxicity assay with antiserum against NK 1.2 and a binding assay involving monolayers of YAC-1 tumor target cells. Similar results were obtained in both assays, indicating that at maximal stimulation about 10% of the total spleen cells of both young and old mice were NK cells. We conclude (cautiously) that the functional efficiency of aged NK cells is impaired and that this defect may account, in part, for reduced ability of aged individuals to resist certain types of cancer and certain pathogenic microorganisms. PMID- 6604921 TI - Anti-T antibody reactivity in T and B cell lymphomas. PMID- 6604920 TI - Monoclonal antibody-defined B-cell, T-cell and myelomonocytic antigens and other surface determinants on leukemic B cells of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - CLL B cells were reactive with monoclonal B-cell antibody (Leu-10) in all patients tested or with monoclonal and heterologous antibodies to Ia-like antigens in all but one patient tested whereas these cells were nonreactive to monoclonal and heterologous antibodies to the cALL antigen in all 34 patients tested. Unexpectedly, of a total of 35 patients with B-CLL, we observed reactivity with monoclonal pan-T antibodies Leu-1, T-101, and OKT-1 (specific for a 65-67,000 dalton surface antigen) in 25 (93%) of 27 patients, in 14 (88%) of 16 patients and in 18 (78%) of 23 patients studied, respectively. Leukemic B cells were reactive with OKT-3 (19,000 dalton) pan-T antibody in 10 (56%) of 18 patients or with Leu-4 (28,000 dalton) pan-T antibody in only 2 (12%) of 17 patients studied. Sheep erythrocyte-rosetting T cells ranged from 0 to 24%. However, a majority of cells (39-100%) reacted with OKT-11 (E-receptor) in 8 (44%) of 18 patients but with Leu-5 (E-receptors) in only 2 (22%) of 9 patients studied. Helper OKT-4 and suppressor OKT-5/8 antibodies were reactive with leukemic B cells in 4 (29%) of 14 patients and in 7 (47%) of 15 patients studied. In contrast, the leukemic B cells from all but one of 22 patients did not react with either helper Leu-3 or suppressor Leu-2 antibody. Unexpectedly, leukemic B cells were also found to be reactive with myeloid or myelomonocytic antibodies (OKM-1 and MCS-1) in 9 (50%) of 18 patients and in 2 (17%) of 12 patients tested. These data suggest that subset of patients with B-CLL demonstrate expression of multiple T and/or myelomonocytic antigens on their leukemic cell populations. Expression of these determinants may reflect biological or clinical significance in CLL. PMID- 6604922 TI - Lymphocytotoxic antibodies to non-HLA antigens in the sera of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). PMID- 6604923 TI - The MO/NK cell: an inducer of HLA-independent graft-versus-host disease? AB - We have described the MO/NK cell assay, a model for detecting non-HLA allodisparities between donor and host cells in co-culture prior to BMT. Generation of CFUc-inhibitory activity in MO/NK cells in this system is predictive of GvHD. We have also described a modified 3-step model in which allosensitized donor MO/NK cells induce autologous T cells to develop CFUc inhibitory activity. This model may reflect the mechanism of induction of alloreactive donor-type T cells in HLA-matched BMT recipients who develop GvHD. The MO/NK cell assay could become a useful tool for improved donor:host matching or for identifying high-risk BMT recipients who might benefit from early institution of vigorous anti-GvHD prophylaxis. The 3-step model could provide a useful tool for studying cellular interactions leading to GvHD and for assessing effects of anti-GvHD agents on individual cellular components of GvH reactions. PMID- 6604924 TI - Expression of T cell associated surface antigens on lymphocytes of persons of advanced age. PMID- 6604925 TI - A study of the image discrepancies due to object time-dependence in transmission and emission tomography. AB - In conventional computed tomography (CT) imaging of a point object, projection filtering causes the back-projected contributions to image positions away from the point to sum to zero. If the point object intensity is time-dependent, and all the projections are not acquired simultaneously, this cancellation cannot be complete and artefacts result. Loss of spatial invariance makes a general linear systems approach to the problem impossible. We have studied the properties of such artefacts by the computer simulation of decaying exponential time-dependence in three different spatial distributions and four transmission and emission CT geometries. Spatially complex time-dependent objects typically produce artefacts that can be treated as an additional broad-spectrum noise source with a power comparable to that of other CT noises. Artefacts from broad ranges of similar time-dependence can add coherently to cause patches of artefact, particularly in geometries with a strong correlation between projection acquisition time and projection angle. As expected, artefacts are reduced for all geometries as scan duration is reduced. In our model, with a most rapid decay constant of 1.2 min-1, negligible artefacts were observed for a six second scan duration. PMID- 6604927 TI - Skin pH following high voltage pulsed galvanic stimulation. AB - Prolonged electrotherapeutic treatment increases the probability of skin irritation beneath the electrodes. One probable cause is acid and base formation under the electrodes. It has been assumed that high voltage pulsed galvanic stimulators do not produce these chemical reactions. The validity of this hypothesis was tested on 40 healthy subjects. Three groups of subjects received stimulation with different high voltage pulsed galvanic units, and one group of subjects served as a control group. Pretreatment and posttreatment measures of skin pH revealed no chemical reaction under the electrodes. PMID- 6604926 TI - The ramp injection of radiotracers for blood flow measurement by emission tomography. AB - A prototype instrument based on the coincidence detection of annihilation radiation was built to control the arterial concentration of a radionuclide as a uniformly increasing ramp function over a preset injection interval (ranging from 1.6 min to 13.6 h). The device was designed to accommodate radionuclides of different physical and biological half-life, and the physiological characteristics of the system being studied. A kinetic model based on the Kety Schmidt integral was developed to permit the determination of cerebral blood flow (CBF). Both the kinetic model and the ramp injector were tested in cats studied with the PETT III positron emission tomograph and 4-(18F)-fluoroantipyrine as the CBF tracer. The ratio lambda/f of the brain-to-blood partition coefficient (lambda) and blood flow (f) were determined simultaneously by serial measurements with positron emission tomography. PMID- 6604928 TI - The BPRS in assessing symptom correlates of cerebral ventricular enlargement in acute and chronic schizophrenia. AB - The present study was an attempt to investigate hypotheses about the interrelationship of brain dysfunction and symptoms of schizophrenia using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and a measure of cerebral ventricular size. The ventricular brain ratio (VBR) was correlated with admission and discharge scores on the BPRS in 46 schizophrenic patients. A significant relationship was found between VBR and discharge BPRS scores. In general, the results were partially supportive of relationships found between neuropsychological data and the BPRS in a previous study, but shed little light on the relationships between brain damage and negative and positive symptoms. Limitations of using the BPRS, as well as possible sampling variations, are discussed. PMID- 6604929 TI - The prodrome, Kaposi sarcoma, and infections associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: radiologic findings in 39 patients. AB - The radiographic findings in 39 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were reviewed. Twenty five of the 39 patients had infections and 14 had Kaposi sarcoma and opportunistic infections. A prodromal phase, which is seen in many patients and is associated with lymphoid hyperplasia, lymphadenopathy, and splenomegaly, is described. Recognition of the problem is important in alerting the patient to the early detection of infections and/or Kaposi sarcoma. PMID- 6604930 TI - Care and rehabilitation of rheumatic patients. PMID- 6604931 TI - [Effect of alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine and dihydroxyphenylalanine on plasma corticosterone levels in rats pretreated with prednisolone acetate]. AB - The effects on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function and on negative feed-back action of a synthetic adrenal steroid, prednisolone acetate, have been studied in female Wistar rats treated with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (alpha MpT) and L dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) administered for six consecutive days. The parameter for study was taken from the plasmatic changes of corticosterone levels. alpha-MpT injection determines an increase of plasmatic corticosterone values, while L-DOPA injection produces the opposite effect, decreasing corticosterone levels as compared to the saline control group. The simultaneous administration of prednisolone acetate 250 micrograms/kg weight s.c. for six consecutive days to alpha-MpT or L-DOPA determines the following effects: a) With alpha-MpT the negative feed-back action of prednisolone was not modified. b) With L-DOPA this action of the steroid is cancelled and the plasmatic corticosterone values are increased significantly. These changes have been related to modifications of the catecholamines content in the brain. The importance of the catecholamines on the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is discussed under experimental condition, specially the effects of L-DOPA, which depends for its activity on the presence or absence of prednisolone. PMID- 6604932 TI - Differences in GM-CSF production from mouse peripheral blood and spleen cells stimulated by different lectins. AB - The capacity of mouse peripheral blood and spleen mononuclear cells to produce GM CSF or CSA, in response to the stimulation by different mitogens (PHA, PWM and ConA) was studied. Each different kind conditioned medium was tested on target bone marrow from BALB/C mice. A significant decrease in the number of CFU-GM, was observed using peripheral blood conditioned medium stimulated by PHA or ConA in comparison with spleen conditioned medium in response to identical mitogens. When PWM is used as source of GM-CSF, significant differences between spleen and blood conditioned media were not observed. The possible significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 6604933 TI - Antagonism by tomoxetine of the depletion of norepinephrine and epinephrine in rat brain by alpha-methyl-m-tyrosine. AB - Tomoxetine hydrochloride, a potential antidepressant drug, antagonized the alpha methyl-m-tyrosine-induced depletion of hypothalamic epinephrine and norepinephrine in rats. The findings suggest that tomoxetine, like several uptake inhibiting antidepressant drugs that have been examined, inhibits uptake into epinephrine neurons as well as norepinephrine neurons in brain. PMID- 6604934 TI - Adoptive immunotherapy of disseminated malignancies. Role of alien histocompatibility antigens on cancer cells and effectiveness of cells from alloimmunized donors. AB - The potential role of genetically inappropriate histocompatibility antigens on tumor cells as immunogens and targets for immunotherapy is reviewed. The evidence for immunologic mediation of tumor resistance following individual and pool alloimmunization both in vivo in murine and in vitro in murine and human systems is presented. The antileukemic reaction which follows transplantation of cells from alloimmunized MHC-compatible donors to mice bearing disseminated AKR leukemia is discussed in terms of antigen specificity, effector cell mechanisms and as an immunotherapeutic model. Possible advantages of utilizing cells from MHC-compatible allogeneic donors, rather than from tumor-bearing patients, for immunotherapy of human tumors are discussed. Although many investigators are assessing the significance of alien histocompatibility antigens on cancer cells and the mechanism by which alloimmunization induces antitumor immunity, it remains to be determined whether these efforts will result in an important advance in the treatment of patients with disseminated malignancies. PMID- 6604935 TI - Leucocyte-associated plasma proteins. Association of prealbumin, albumin, orosomucoid, alpha 1-antitrypsin, transferrin and haptoglobin with human lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes and a promyelocytic leukaemic cell line (HL 60). AB - The distribution of prealbumin, albumin, orosomucoid, alpha 1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin and transferrin, including their electrophoretic heterogeneous variants, was studied in isolated lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes and in a human promyelocytic cell line (HL-60) by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Prealbumin, albumin and transferrin were present in lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes, whereas the cellular variants of orosomucoid and haptoglobin were present only in granulocytes. alpha 1-Antitrypsin was present in four electrophoretic variants which were differently distributed among the various cell types. Synthesis of alpha 1-antitrypsin by monocytes, granulocytes and HL-60 cells was demonstrated by 14C-leucine incorporation. The six plasma proteins could not be removed from intact cells by incubation with the respective antibodies at 0 degrees C, or iodinated by lactoperoxidase catalysed iodination at 23 degrees C. They were, however, readily solubilized by freeze-lysis of the cells, suggesting an intracellular localization. Compared to their plasma counterparts none of the proteins differed in their hydrophobic properties but the carbohydrate residues of orosomucoid, alpha 1-antitrypsin and haptoglobin were different. The pattern of disappearance of the proteins from the cells during incubation suggested that the localization of albumin and transferrin in relation to the cells differed from that of the other proteins. PMID- 6604936 TI - Vitamin D metabolites in normal subjects during one year. A longitudinal study. AB - The serum concentrations of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25OHD3), 25 hydroxyergocalciferol (25OHD2), 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)2D), and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) were measured in 10 normal subjects every 2 months for 1 year. Parallel seasonal variations were found in serum 25 hydroxycholecalciferol and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D reaching maximum values in June. Moreover, a highly significant correlation between changes in these two metabolites was observed (r = 0.89, P less than 0.001). On the other hand, the mean serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentration remained constant throughout the year. Our data add further evidence to the tight regulatory mechanism of serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and the lack of regulatory mechanism of serum 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D. PMID- 6604937 TI - Blood ionized calcium measurements during aortocoronary bypass graft operations. AB - Electrode technology has made it feasible to measure and report arterial blood ionized calcium (Ca++) simultaneously with arterial blood gases and pH during aortocoronary bypass graft operations requiring prolonged (duration 1.23-4.43 hours) extracorporeal circulation and moderate hypothermia (25-28 degrees C). Blood Ca++ in 22 consecutive patients remained surprisingly constant at a moderately hypocalcaemic level despite the multiplicity of disturbing factors, but rewarming and blood transfusion did cause a small, but significant decline of blood Ca++. Management of patients has been changed by routine availability of close to real time Ca++ measurements, which are more convenient and faster in this situation than plasma total calcium, which is meaningless or even misleading. PMID- 6604938 TI - T-lymphocyte activation by a gluten fraction, glyc-gli. Studies of adult coeliac patients and healthy controls. AB - A gluten fraction (glyc-gli) induced proliferation of T lymphocytes obtained from coeliac patients or healthy controls. Glyc-gli acted as an antigen, and T-cell activation was strongly dependent on antigen-presenting monocytes in the cultures. The lymphocyte response was similar for HLA-B8/DR3-positive and HLA B8/DR3-negative healthy controls, and coeliac patients in remission on a gluten free diet could not be distinguished from the controls by the degree of proliferative activity in this test. Conversely, untreated coeliac patients showed a significantly lower lymphocyte response to glyc-gli than both coeliac patients in remission and controls. This result may reflect sequestration of gluten-specific cells into the mucosal lesion or mesenteric lymph nodes in patients with active coeliac disease. PMID- 6604939 TI - HLA DR antigens in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The prevalence and possible prognostic significance of HLA-DR antigens have been studied in 129 patients with seropositive (RF-positive) classical rheumatoid arthritis (RA). HLA-DR4 was increased in RA, whilst HLA-DR2 was decreased, though it was not associated with either low titres of RF or with good prognosis. HLA DR3-positive patients had the highest prevalence of antibodies to nuclear antigens, and the antigen correlated negatively to the presence of subcutaneous nodules, bony erosions and familial RA. RA patients possessing DR3 thus had some of the characteristics of SLE. HLA-DR5 was not present in male RA patients. An absence of familial RA was observed among DRw8-positive patients. PMID- 6604940 TI - Faecal blood loss during administration of acetylsalicylic acid, ketoprofen and two new ketoprofen sustained-release compounds. AB - The influence of one week's treatment with acetylsalicylic acid, ketoprofen, ketoprofen sustained-release capsules (Biovail capsules), and ketoprofen sustained-release tablets (IBP tablet) on gastrointestinal bleeding was investigated in 41 healthy male volunteers by means of a radiochromium assay. The physiological faecal bleeding was 0.10 to 0.90 ml/day (99% confidence limits). It appeared that faecal bleeding during treatment with acetylsalicylic acid medication was greater than bleeding during medication with ketoprofen capsules in equipotent dosage, the latter being in turn causing significantly more bleeding than during medication with the newly developed Biovail capsules. The most modest faecal bleeding (0.8 ml/day) was seen with IBP tablets. PMID- 6604941 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus and lymphoma. A family study. AB - After 3 years of treatment with azathioprine and prednisone, immunoblastic lymphoma appeared in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. An increased incidence of immunological aberrations and malignancies was found in her family and their relation to the pathogenesis of this patient's diseases is discussed. PMID- 6604942 TI - Angiotensinogen is related to the antitrypsin-antithrombin-ovalbumin family. AB - The recently reported amino acid sequence of rat angiotensinogen was subjected to a computer-assisted search for homology with known sequences stored in a data bank and found to be significantly related to that of plasma alpha 1-antitrypsin, itself a member of a family that includes antithrombin III and ovalbumin. An alignment of the four sequences shows indisputably the common ancestry of all four proteins. PMID- 6604943 TI - Identification of the c-myc oncogene product in normal and malignant B cells. AB - Antiserum to a synthetic peptide corresponding to the carboxyl-terminus of the human c-myc protein immunoprecipitated a 48,000-dalton protein from a number of normal and malignant human and mouse cells. The size of the protein is consistent with the potential coding region predicted from the c-myc nucleotide sequence, and is the same for malignant cells carrying either a rearranged or an unrearranged c-myc oncogene. Because c-myc transcripts are expressed at higher levels in malignant than in normal B cells, it appears that an increased level of the c-myc protein rather than a change in the gene product is the relevant factor in determining transformation. PMID- 6604944 TI - [Surgical treatment of Osler disease in acute gastric hemorrhage]. PMID- 6604945 TI - [Efficacy of the treatment of patients with protracted rheumatism with quinolines]. PMID- 6604946 TI - Lateral electrical surface stimulation for the treatment of progressive idiopathic scoliosis. AB - Transcutaneous lateral electrical muscle stimulation is demonstrated to be a reasonable alternative to bracing in the treatment of progressive, mild-to moderate idiopathic scoliosis. Stimulation is applied nightly during sleep, through surface electrodes, on the convex side of the curve, evoking muscle contractions which cause correction of the curvature. Arrest of progression or curve correction in 90 patients treated up to four years (average 15 months) was observed in 84% of 61 patients with single primary curves and 83% of 29 patients with double primary curves. If only the patients who complied totally with the program are considered, the above rates improve to 97% and 93%, respectively. Post-treatment observations of skeletally mature curves for up to two years in 13 patients show no increase in curvature. PMID- 6604947 TI - Ketanserin in the treatment of hypertension following coronary artery bypass surgery. A preliminary study. AB - The possible role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) in patients developing hypertension following coronary artery bypass surgery was investigated by intravenous administration of ketanserin, a specific 5-hydroxytryptamine-receptor antagonist. Our findings in the preliminary study indicate that 5 hydroxytryptamine might not play a role in the hypertension seen after coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 6604948 TI - The effect of acute haemodilution during cardiopulmonary bypass on blood calcium, pH, phosphorus and protein values. AB - The changes in total serum calcium, ionized calcium, total serum protein, albumin and phosphate levels during cardiopulmonary bypass were measured. The possible causes of the changes in these parameters are discussed. The effect of the presence of heparin on serum ionized calcium is evaluated. The metabolic and clinical significance of the changes in blood components measured are discussed, special attention being paid to the use of calcium as an inotropic agent at the termination of cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 6604949 TI - Activation of human alpha 1-antitrypsin gene in rat hepatoma x human fetal liver cell hybrids depends on presence of human chromosome 14. AB - In order to study the involvement of human chromosomes in the expression of liver specific functions, we have produced somatic cell hybrids between a rat hepatoma (7777) cell line and human diploid skin fibroblasts (series XIX) or human fetal liver cells (series XXII). Production of human serum proteins was detected by immunoelectrophoretic analyses of concentrated serum-free hybrid culture supernatants. Human alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) was secreted by a subset of hybrids but not by the parental cells. The activated human AAT phenotype segregated concordantly with human chromosome 14 in 18 primarily HAT-selected and five azaguanine back-selected series XXII hybrids. All other chromosomes were excluded as playing a role in AAT expression. Therefore, the AAT gene (PI) is assigned to chromosome 14. This quasi-constitutive expression of a liver-specific function was not observed for the other serum proteins studied, nor was it seen in the skin fibroblast-derived hybrids (series XIX) although AAT was produced by some of them. PMID- 6604950 TI - An aggressive, nonshunting approach for control of bleeding esophageal varices. AB - Morbidity and mortality from variceal hemorrhage can be significantly reduced. A well-defined treatment protocol which obviates delay, procrastination and excessive blood loss is essential. Early aggressive endoscopic sclerotherapy is extremely safe and effective in controlling the acute hemorrhagic event. However, technical details remain to be standardized; rebleeding can be significant and sclerosing until roentgenologic obliteration is essential. Stapled esophageal transection and coronary vein ligation are a reasonable and effective surgical approach when necessary; however, the exact timing and place of this procedure in the therapeutic schema are not yet defined. It requires further phase one studies and not more randomized control trials! It can be difficult after recent sclerotherapy and would appear to require upper gastric devascularization or perhaps percutaneous embolization if gastric varices are venographically prominent. We have recently attempted to modify the procedure in such patients by stapling across the anterior and posterior gastric walls as an alternative or addition to complete esophageal transection. This is accomplished through a small gastrotomy adjacent to the gastroesophageal junction. Shunting procedures or more extensive surgical intervention does not appear necessary, desirable or warranted at this time; however, longer follow-up study is essential. PMID- 6604951 TI - A retrospective look at twenty-two medicolegal claims. How they might have been avoided. AB - Selected cases from the author's study of 500 medicolegal claims illustrate the need for caution and precaution in several aspects of eye care. Injections with disposable needles, the delegation of responsibility, complications of intraocular surgery, incomplete localization or removal of foreign bodies, complications of photocoagulation, and the prescribing of drugs are discussed. Suggestions are made regarding procedures for diminishing the incidence of certain complications. PMID- 6604952 TI - Use of the EEA stapling instrument for control of bleeding esophageal varices. AB - Transection of the esophagus with the EEA stapling device (United States Surgical Corp.) has been used to treat 20 patients with bleeding esophageal varices. Their ages ranged from 38 to 73 years (mean 56.7 years). Sixteen patients (80%) had Laennec's cirrhosis. A previous occluded portosystemic shunt was present in five patients. Based on Child's classification, there were one class A patient, 18 class C patient, and one patient who was unclassified. Five patients underwent elective operation; four survived (80%). The cases of the remaining 15 patients were treated as emergencies or semiemergencies after intensive preoperative intervention including intravenous administration of vasopressin (Pitressin) (100%), balloon tamponade in 11 (73%), and sclerotherapy in three (20%) failed to control the hemorrhage adequately. None of the patients had rebleeding from varices during the postoperative period. However, 11 of the 15 patients (73%) died. All deaths were related to liver failure, except for two patients who died of irreversible acidosis secondary to shock. Technical difficulty was encountered six times with use of the stapling device, resulting in three perforations of the esophagus, which were recognized and repaired at the time. No deaths were attributed to this complication. Of the eight patients who survived the early postoperative period, three have since died--two of variceal hemorrhage and the other of hepatic failure. Two others have had recurrent variceal hemorrhage controlled by sclerotherapy. The duration of follow-up ranges from 10 to 60 months (mean 31 months). Transection of the esophagus with the EEA stapling device for acute variceal hemorrhage is associated with an excessively high mortality rate despite the fact that it controls variceal hemorrhage. It appears to be of value when used on an elective basis for selected patients who cannot benefit from other modes of treatment. PMID- 6604953 TI - Noncirrhotic portal hypertension: differing patterns of disease in children and adults. AB - Of 440 patients who underwent operative portal decompression to control variceal hemorrhage, 25 (6%) had histologically verified noncirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH). A review of these patients identified two distinct patterns of disease. Fourteen children with an average age of 8.5 years were treated with no deaths at operation. Occlusion of the portal vein (PV) was demonstrated preoperatively or intraoperatively in 10 children (71%). Follow-up for 12 to 207 months showed that no children died of a liver-related illness and only one child (7%) developed portal-systemic encephalopathy (PSE). In contrast, 11 adults with an average age of 56 years were treated with an operative mortality rate of 18%. Occlusion of the PV was demonstrated angiographically in four adults (35%). Of nine surviving adults who were followed for 12 to 164 months, five adults (56%) manifested PSE. Intraoperative liver biopsy specimens were analyzed by light microscopy in all cases. With the possible exception of sinusoidal fibrosis and dilatation of intrahepatic portal venous radicles, no histologic discriminators of adult forms versus childhood forms were identified regardless of the status of the PV. We conclude that age stratification in patients with NCPH may provide important prognostic data regarding survival rates and the incidence of PSE after portal systemic shunting. PMID- 6604955 TI - [Evaluation of the proportion of disability due to rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6604954 TI - [Interactions of antirheumatic and anti-inflammatory agents]. PMID- 6604956 TI - [Epidemiology and medico-social significance of rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6604957 TI - [Clinical evaluation of two methods of determination of circulating immune complexes in rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6604958 TI - [Inhibitory effect of sera from patients with rheumatic diseases on EA-rosette formation]. PMID- 6604959 TI - [Immunological disorders in seronegative and seropositive rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6604960 TI - [Prognosis of rheumatism and rheumatic arthritis based on clinico-genetic studies]. PMID- 6604961 TI - Influence of HLA-D/DR antigen disparity in CTL generation in vitro. AB - This report describes the influence of HLA-D/DR antigen disparity upon the level of cytotoxicity in allogeneic in vitro cultures. Allogeneic cultures, between unrelated HLA-D/-DR full house donors, tested in CML gave three different levels of cytotoxicity, termed weak, intermediate and strong cytotoxicity. HLA-D/-DR compatibility predicts weak cytotoxicity and two HLA-B antigen incompatibility predicts strong cytotoxicity. On the contrary, HLA-A antigens have no major influence upon the strength of cytotoxicity. Accepting that the MLC/CML reaction is an in vitro parallel to the in vivo transplantation of allogeneic tissue, the observations are in accordance with the results of HLA-D/-DR matching for graft survival in human renal transplantation. PMID- 6604962 TI - [Integrated approach to the patient with rheumatism]. PMID- 6604963 TI - [The recognition of rheumatism]. PMID- 6604964 TI - [What can we do for patients with rheumatism in extramural care? Interview with a district patient]. PMID- 6604965 TI - [What can we do for patients with rheumatism in extramural care? Various experiences with and conclusions about regional, multidisciplinary team work]. PMID- 6604966 TI - [Intergrated approach to the patient with rheumatism. Summing up]. PMID- 6604967 TI - Effect of metavanadate on the uptake and release of noradrenaline in rat brain cerebral cortex slices. AB - The effect of vanadium (as VO3-) on the uptake and release of tritiated noradrenaline ([3H]NA) was studied in vitro in rat cerebral cortex slices. Vanadate inhibited [3H]NA uptake and the inhibition was dependent upon concentration and on incubation time. The IC50 value (20 min incubation) was 8 X 10(-5) M of vanadate. Inhibition of Na+, K+ -ATPase activity by VO3-, chelation of noradrenaline or autooxidation of catecholamine by this oxyanion might contribute to the decrease of [3H]NA uptake. Vanadate inhibited also the release of [3H]NA in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion. PMID- 6604968 TI - [Immunological reactivity of the body in chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis patients]. PMID- 6604969 TI - [Clinical, microbiological and immunological indices in odontogenic osteomyelitis of the jaw in children]. PMID- 6604970 TI - Ocular Toxocara canis infection: clinical and experimental features. PMID- 6604971 TI - Alterations of lymphocyte responsiveness in Guillain-Barre syndrome. Effects of plasma exchange. AB - Various antibodies and immune complexes have been demonstrated in patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). These factors may be part of the pathogenesis of the disease process through immune complex deposition and/or suppression of the immune system. Four patients with typical GBS were treated by plasma exchange. Aliquots from the first 100 ml of plasma removed from each patient were incubated with cultures of normal human peripheral lymphocytes that subsequently were exposed to mitogens, followed by incubation with tritiated thymidine. A decrease (p less than 0.001) in response to each of the mitogens was noted after incubation with patient plasma. Peripheral lymphocytes were taken from the patients before and after plasma exchange. An increase (p less than 0.01) in DNA synthesis following mitogen exposure was observed after plasma exchange in each patient. All patients exhibited subjective and objective clinical improvement. Plasma exchange for GBS appeared to remove a lymphocyte suppressor factor, which was characterized by column fractionation. The suppressor factor was determined to be a substance of approximately 10,000 to 12,000 daltons that reproducibly decreased the responsiveness of normal lymphocytes to mitogens. PMID- 6604972 TI - [Repair of the protein structures of ciliated epithelial cells after heat damage]. AB - A study has been made of the ability of ciliated pharengial cells of Rana temporaria L. to repair heat injury. The heat injury estimated by cessation of cellular motile activity has been shown to repair, ciliar movements being renewed. The reparation of the ciliar function is due to the restoration of nativity of the intracellular protein structures providing for the ciliar motility. These structures can be repaired only when they are a component of the whole living cell system; they are not capable of spontaneous renativation, however, when isolated as "glycerinized cell models". It is suggested that the reparation of heat injury in these cells is an active process, presumably dependent on the intracellular metabolism. PMID- 6604973 TI - Noninvasive penile arterial evaluation in 120 males with erectile dysfunction. AB - One hundred twenty males referred to a hospital-based Medical Sexology Program for evaluation of erectile dysfunction had, as part of that workup, a noninvasive penile arterial assessment which included determination of (1) blood pressure in each of the six penile arteries, (2) patency of each cavernosal artery, and (3) brachial blood pressure. The systolic pressures in each of the six penile arteries were averaged and divided by the brachial systolic pressure to determine the penile brachial index (PBI). When a PBI of 0.75 or less was correlated with a history of myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass, or cerebral vascular accident, a P value of 0.069 resulted, certainly suggesting that each is a manifestation of arterial disease. PMID- 6604975 TI - [Treatment of encopresis in children by electrostimulation of the rectum]. AB - Under observation were 36 children with functional incontinence of feces (encopresis). In the first group of patients (17 children) where no electrostimulation of the rectum was used 12 children were cured. In the second group (19 children) stimulation of the rectum by diadynamic currents resulted in complete recovery of 18 children. PMID- 6604974 TI - [Age-related characteristics of the vestibular reaction based on cupulometric data]. PMID- 6604976 TI - [Bladder atonia and cystitis following radical surgery for rectal cancer]. AB - Atonia of the urinary bladder and cystitis are known to be complications of high incidence resulting from radical operations for rectal carcinoma. The authors have established atonia of the urinary bladder to develop after the most traumatic operations of the abdomino-perineal extirpations of the rectum. The urinary bladder atonia is found to result from a disturbance of parasympathetic innervation and development of posttraumatic pericystitis. Electrostimulation of the urinary bladder in combination with antibacterial therapy is recommended for the treatment of atonia and cystitis. PMID- 6604977 TI - Symposium on cardiopulmonary diagnostic techniques. PMID- 6604979 TI - Electrocardiographic techniques in clinical practice. AB - The electrocardiogram can be an important clinical tool to the veterinary practitioner. Since the results are obtained almost instantaneously, it often gives clues as to the etiology of clinical signs long before hematologic, biochemical, and radiographic results are available. Emergency situations sometime require this type of service. Figures 3 to 21 are provided to illustrate how this diagnostic technique can be used by the clinician. The electrocardiograms have been recorded at a paper speed of 50 mm per second, 1 cm equals 1 mv, unless otherwise noted. PMID- 6604978 TI - Physical examination of the cardiopulmonary system. PMID- 6604980 TI - Radiographic examination of the cardiopulmonary system. PMID- 6604981 TI - Nonselective and selective angiocardiography. PMID- 6604982 TI - Pulmonary diagnostic techniques. PMID- 6604983 TI - M-mode echocardiography. Basic principles. PMID- 6604984 TI - Measurement of systemic arterial blood pressure. PMID- 6604985 TI - Pericardial disease. PMID- 6604986 TI - Endomyocardial biopsy in the dog. PMID- 6604987 TI - Advanced electrocardiographic techniques. PMID- 6604988 TI - Postmortem examination of the heart. PMID- 6604989 TI - Transtelephonic analysis of cardiac arrhythmias in the dog. Diagnostic accuracy. PMID- 6604991 TI - [Disorders of immunological homeostasis in lamblia-carriers]. PMID- 6604990 TI - [Current potentials of the x-ray diagnosis of craniopharyngiomas]. PMID- 6604992 TI - [Effect of electrosleep on the clinico-electroencephalographic indices of ischemic heart disease patients in the early periods following surgical treatment]. PMID- 6604993 TI - [T- and B-lymphocytes of prostate secretion in chronic prostatitis and their alteration in exposure to a UHF electric field]. PMID- 6604994 TI - [Effect of a diet with an elevated protein quota on the immune status in the malabsorption syndrome]. AB - The immune status was examined in 126 patients with malabsorption. Of these, 100 subjects suffered from chronic enteritis of varying severity. Twenty-six patients developed malabsorption after extensive resection of the small intestine. Lymphocyte proliferation and migration of peripheral blood leukocytes exposed to PHA served as immunologic criteria. The secondary immunodeficient status ascertained by the authors correlated with the disease severity and stage. The diets differing in the protein quota (100, 130, 160 g) were applied as the basic therapeutic factor. The best effect was attained with the diet containing 130 g protein which makes it possible to use it for immunocorrection in secondary immunodeficient states of varying etiology. PMID- 6604995 TI - [Immune reactivity in patients with torpid rheumatism and infectious-allergic myocarditis]. PMID- 6604996 TI - [Lymphocyte sensitization to kidney antigens in patients with Bright disease, lupus nephritis and kidney amyloidosis]. PMID- 6604997 TI - [Gastrointestinal hemorrhage after acute cranio-cerebral injury during the war in Lebanon]. PMID- 6604998 TI - [Pathomorphosis of typhoid fever during a 30-year period]. PMID- 6604999 TI - [Kinin system indices in patients with rheumatism]. PMID- 6605001 TI - [Diagnostic and epidemiologic significance of multinuclear and round forms of Trichomonas vaginalis]. AB - Trichomonas are analyzed in the material taken directly from the urogenital tract of male and female patients cultivated on Roiron medium and using different methods for staining the preparations was carried out. It is observed that some of the preparations examined show round nuclear forms of T. vaginalis impossible the detect by laboratory methods used up to now. The techniques used in this study decrease the risk of false diagnosis of these forms of trichomoniasis by less experienced examiners thus facilitating correct diagnosis and therapy. It should be also said, that they are simple and easy to carry out in the laboratory. PMID- 6605000 TI - [Recent immunobiochemical advances on the function of the immune system of the mucous membrane in the gastrointestinal tract]. AB - In the mucous membrane of the gastro-intestinal canal large quantities of T- and B-lymphocytes appear which are in constant renovation. The lymphocytes situated intraepithelially and in the lamina propria have a contact with the antigens touching the mucous membrane or taken into it (alimentary proteins, bacteria, viruses, protozoa), by means of which a more or less important evocation of immune reactions is brought about. IgA-molecules formed by plasma cells of the mucous membrane are given into the lumen and there they bind antigens, by means of which these are prevented from the connection with the epithelial cells. A part of the IgA-molecules is transported into the liver via the blood plasma and the lymph, respectively, where a destruction of the antigen-IgA-complexes takes place. The IgA-molecules are excreted via the bile into the intestine. Under certain conditions an allergy against alimentary proteins (lactoprotein, egg white protein, cereal protein) develops. Lymphocytes carried off from the intestinal canal settle in other tissues and may mediate "immunological experience", which is particularly of importance in the milk secretion. PMID- 6605002 TI - Coronary spasm affecting result of bypass operation: case report. PMID- 6605003 TI - Morbidity and mortality conference: coronary artery disease and surgical bypass. PMID- 6605004 TI - [Intradermal test using phytohemagglutinin to evaluate the functional activity of T-lymphocytes in leprosy patients]. PMID- 6605005 TI - Neuroplasticity and repair in the central nervous system. Implications for health care. PMID- 6605006 TI - [Enzyme activity of isolated leukocyte populations. I. Cytochemical and zymographic studies of stored blood under various storage conditions]. AB - Heparinized venous blood was stored under sterile conditions at different temperatures (4 C, 20 C, 37 C) for various intervals (0-7 days). After storage the granulocytes and lymphocytes were isolated with routine methods. Naphthol AS D-chloroacetate esterase as a granulocyte marker and acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase as a T-lymphocyte marker were identified on smears of the washed cell suspension. Different enzymes were identified in the cell sediment with electrophoresis. Relatively pure lymphocyte suspensions were obtained within the first 24 h. After this time, however, the percentage of these mononuclear cells declined markedly. The percentage of isolated granulocytes varied slightly; there was a marked predominance of granulocytes (more than 70%) at all intervals investigated during the isolation. Cytochemical analysis of the granulocytes and lymphocytes indicated that the decrease in the percentage of enzyme-positive cells depends in each case on the duration of the storage interval. During the first 24 h, only PGM1 and GOTM could be identified in the lymphocyte suspension with horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. The enzymes PGM1, PGM3, PGI, MDH, GOTM, 6-PGD, ADA could always be identified in the granulocyte suspension; AK, FUCA, MEM could be occasionally identified; and GPT and GLO could never be identified. PMID- 6605007 TI - [Enzyme activity of isolated leukocyte populations. II. Cytochemical and zymographic studies of cadaver blood]. AB - Blood was taken from the femoral vein of 17 autopsied cadavers with different diagnoses and postmortal intervals (10-120 h). The granulocytes and lymphocytes were isolated with routine methods. The cell suspensions were subject to morphologic, enzyme-cytochemical (naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase) and electrophoretic (PGM1, PGM3, GOTM, PEPA, MEM, FUCA) investigations. The following results were obtained: Erythrocyte-free cell suspensions are only found during short postmortal intervals; Isolation of pure lymphocytes from cadaver blood using the described method is only possible very early in the postmortal interval (within 10 h); The isolated granulocytes contain an impressively high percentage of eosinophilic granulocytes; The percentage of naphthol AS-D-chloroacetate esterase-positive granulocytes is considerably lower in stored, conserved blood than in blood smears; Identification of the above mentioned enzymes from isolated granulocytes from all cadavers is possible by electrophoresis. PMID- 6605008 TI - Distribution of the Pi, TfC, and Gc subtypes in Galicia (North West Spain). AB - Alpha 1-antitrypsin (Pi), Gc, and TfC subtypes were determined by isoelectric focusing in thin layer agarose (AGIF) and polyacrylamide gels (PAGIF) in a total of 480 individuals from Galicia. The following gene frequencies were observed: for Pi:PiM1:0.660; PiM2:0.115; PiM3:0.060; PiS:0.149; PiZ:0.009; PiF:0.005; PiI:0.001; for Gc:Gc1S:0.572; Gc1F:0.120; Gc2:0.308; for TfC: TfC1:0.778; TfC2:0.180; TfC3:0.041; TfC6:0.001. A rare variant TfC6-2 was found and the intrafamilial distribution of the TfC6 allele studied. The use of these systems for forensic purposes and the peculiar distribution of some of their alleles in the Galician population are discussed. PMID- 6605009 TI - [T-cell kinetics and course of humoral immune response following subcutaneous immunization with tetanus toxoid fluid vaccine]. AB - Revaccinations with tetanus toxoid fluid vaccine were performed including different groups of volunteers (aged, diabetics, rheumatics). The kinetics of T cells were demonstrated by rosette technique in a period of 63 days after revaccination. The content of tetanus antitoxin was estimated by the mouse standard neutralization test. T-cell kinetics were different in the investigated groups, probably influenced by age, illness, therapy etc. Only those patients among the aged who were in bad health showed a relatively low humoral booster reaction. PMID- 6605010 TI - Pathogenesis of Newcastle disease virus in cell-mediated immune response deprived mice. PMID- 6605011 TI - [Dynamics of the lymphocyte population ratio of the peripheral blood in persons immunized with different vaccines against tick-borne encephalitis]. AB - Inactivated vaccines against tick-borne encephalitis, concentrated by ultracentrifugation and unconcentrated, stimulate both the T- (an increase in the proportion of the active subpopulation of T-lymphocytes) and B-cell (an increase in the percentage of EAC+-rosette-forming cells) immunity in the vaccines, the concentrated vaccine being more active. PMID- 6605012 TI - [Effect of thymectomy and syngeneic thymocytes on colony formation by hematopoietic precursor cells in the peritoneal cavity]. AB - The influence of the T-system of immunity on the processes of the proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic precursor cells outside the organs of the hemopoietic and lymphoid systems has been studied. Thymocytes have been found to regulate the formation of hemopoietic foci in the peritoneal cavity. The effects of the stimulation and suppression of colony formation, as well as the degree of their manifestation, depend on the initial level of the colonies. The thymectomy of the recipients or donors of hemopoietic cells leads to the increase of colony formation. Syngeneic thymocytes abolish the effect of thymectomy. PMID- 6605013 TI - [Various features of the treatment of patients with radicular manifestations of lumbar osteochondrosis]. AB - The authors propose a systematized complex of pathogenetic treatment intended for patients suffering from lumbosacral radiculitis associated with unstable intervertebral segments. This modality includes relaxing massage, acupuncture, therapeutic physical exercises and spinal muscles electrostimulation with subsequent corsetting of the lumbar portion of the spine. When the proposed method was used for treating 52 patients suffering from lumbosacral radiculitis with unstable intervertebral segments, 47 patients recovered, three showed considerable improvement and only two subjects displayed no improvement following the treatment. The above data warrant the introduction of this therapeutic modality into clinical practice. PMID- 6605014 TI - Unusual and giant forms of trichomonas vaginalis. PMID- 6605015 TI - [Acute bleeding digestive lesions]. AB - The experience obtained over 226 cases of endoscopically diagnosticated acute, bleeding, gastroduodenal lesions (A. B. G. D. L.), is submitted. The close relation among authors concerning diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients, may allow them to offer the following results: 1) To elaborate an anatomopathological-endoscopic classification of the A. B. G. D. L., this being composed of five groups: a) microerosive or petechial form; b) macroerosive; c) acute ulcerous and d) fissurate form. The macroscopic, endoscopic and microscopic features of each of the forms, have being designated. 2) To present an entity: the Hemorrhagic Gastroenteropathy (HGP) pointing on the alarming possibility that, the denominated Hemorrhagic Gastroduodenitis (HDG), do not be such, but a simply high lesional constituent of a picture extending also to other digestive area (politopic disease) (HGP). This proposal is supported by clinic, endoscopic and experimental findings. 3) To propose the treatment now we consider the suitable one, based on the clinical prospective research fulfilled over 186 cases. This therapeutic consists on the psiquic disconnection achieved by the use of a lithic mixture combined with H2 and H1 blockers. Since the results are invariably effectives, we think that this disease is a medical entity and most exceptionally surgical. PMID- 6605016 TI - Immunologic models of acute and chronic inflammation. PMID- 6605017 TI - Posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy of Schlichting. A clinical study on four families. AB - Posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy of Schlichting was studied in 4 families. Nine persons were found with the typical lesions. Two families suggested a dominant mode of inheritance, in one of these with a penetrance less than 100%. There were 2 sporadic cases. No corneal oedema was present, and the central corneal thickness showed normal values, which means that the corneal endothelium in this dystrophy is able to maintain a normal hydrated cornea. PMID- 6605018 TI - Herpes zoster ophthalmicus with retrobulbar neuritis. A case report. AB - In ophthalmic zoster, involvement of the optic nerve is very rare, and most of the published cases have resulted in optic atrophy. This case report presents a woman who developed a severe visual loss in her right eye 4 weeks after the primary attack. Computer tomography and ultrasonic B-scan showed a spindle-shaped thickening of the optic nerve. Eight months later the visual acuity was 2/60 and the optic nerve showed atrophy. The computer tomography was normal, and the Visual Evoked Potential had reduced amplitudes. Earlier reports and pathogenesis are discussed. PMID- 6605019 TI - Vitamin D nutritional status of premature infants supplemented with 500 IU vitamin D2 per day. AB - The vitamin D nutritional status of premature infants was assessed by determining plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations before and during supplementation with 500 IU vitamin D2 per day. Fifty-one samples were collected from 25 healthy infants fed breast milk and a vitamin D3 fortified formula. Gestational age was 32.2 +/- 2.4 weeks (mean +/- 1 SD). 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels before supplementation correlated well with maternal values (r = 0.81). The infants' mean plasma concentration increased from 30.6 +/- 13.7 nmol/l (mean +/- 1 SD) after birth to 46.3 +/- 10.5 nmol/l after 9 +/- 1 days (p less than 0.0025), and to 65.3 +/- 16.6 nmol/l after 37 +/- 10 days of vitamin D2 treatment (p less than 0.0005). 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 were determined separately, and it appeared that the rise was accounted for by the D2 fraction while 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 concentrations were unchanged. The results demonstrate that vitamin D2 is well absorbed and hydroxylated in the 25 position by premature infants free of associated disease, and that a supplementation of 500 IU per day in addition to breast milk and a regular vitamin D fortified formula is adequate to rapidly establish 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels within the normal adult range. PMID- 6605020 TI - Childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma developing from recurrent neck mass. AB - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in an 8-year-old boy developing from recurrent neck mass during 15-months history is presented. Two biopsies carried out during this period were interpreted as reactive change. The third biopsy was diagnosed as NHL. He died of the systemic disease 19 months after the first admission. Clinical, histological and immunocytochemical investigations for the three biopsy materials revealed that the first and the second biopsies were reactive, and the third biopsy was neoplastic, B cell lymphoma. Known etiological factors causing lymphoreticular disorders are reviewed by the literatures, and absence of these factors in the present case is described. PMID- 6605021 TI - Benign histiocytosis X of stomach. Previously undescribed lesion. AB - Histiocytosis X of the stomach of a 47-year-old Japanese woman, who underwent subtotal gastrectomy following a clinical diagnosis of scirrhous carcinoma, was studied by light and electron microscopy as well as by immunohistochemistry. The histiocytoid cells proliferated monotonously in the lamina propria mucosae of the atrophied mucosa covering the body and fornix. They were arranged in a sheet- or pavement stone-pattern and included some giant cells. The histiocytoid cells had a reniform to irregularly indented nucleus and conspicuous cytoplasm. Ultrastructurally, they were characterized by interdigitating cytoplasmic extensions and abundant tubulovesicular structures including Langerhans granules. S-100 protein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin were immunohistochemically identified in the cytoplasm. Endoscopic biopsies of the extragastric digestive tract, a biopsy of the lymph node, and bone marrow aspiration excluded a systemic disorder. The case is regarded as benign localized histiocytosis X of the stomach, a previously undescribed gastric lesion. PMID- 6605022 TI - [Studies of the stability of calciferol and calcium levulinate injection]. PMID- 6605023 TI - The influence of varied tonicity of the extracellular medium on the depressant effect of active shortening in vertebrate striated muscle. AB - The depressant effect of active shortening was studied during isometric twitch contraction in intact single muscle fibres of the frog at varied tonicity of the extracellular medium. The shortening effect was calculated as the difference in peak redeveloped force after a small (control) and a larger (test) release step and was expressed in per cent of the isometric tetanic force. The solutions were made hypertonic by addition of sucrose (relative tonicity 1.22T and 1.44T) and hypotonic by reduction of NaCl (relative tonicity 0.81T and 0.62T). The shortening induced depression decreased from 13.0 +/- 1.2% in normal Ringer solution to 7.8 +/- 1.3% after immersion of the fibre in 1.22T solution (mean +/- SE, n = 7). This reduction of the depressant effect by shortening was less than half the size of that obtained in 1.44T solution. An increased force depression by shortening, from 12.7 +/- 1.2% to 17.1 +/- 1.5% (mean +/- SE, n = 7), was obtained when normal Ringer was replaced by 0.81T solution. This enhancement was further augmented in 0.62T solution. Experimental evidence is presented supporting the view that the influence of tonicity on the depressant effect of shortening is not due to tonicity induced changes in fibre width. The effect of varied tonicity on the shortening induced depression appears to be essentially related to alterations in intracellular ionic strength. PMID- 6605024 TI - Value of tomographic section views in identifying liver abnormalities by scintigraphy. AB - A previously published prospective trial to assess the value of tomographic transverse section images provided by the Aberdeen Section Scanner has been repeated using gamma camera images. Reports for 192 patients were analysed and compared with the final independent clinical diagnosis. The results were also compared with those of the previous investigation. When the latest results were plotted in the form of receiver operating characteristic curves, they showed some improvement for the 'with tomography' reports. Furthermore, introduction of a diagnostic classification rating showed that for cases with a high level of independent diagnostic evidence that the liver was abnormal, reporting confidence was higher with tomography. However, a simplified analysis of abnormality ratings suggested that the differences were not statistically significant for the numbers of patients examined. PMID- 6605025 TI - Bone reaction in temporomandibular joint dysfunction. An investigation with bone scintigraphy and gamma imaging. AB - Scintigraphy was used in eight patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction to detect changes in bone metabolism assumed to be responses to altered activity of the masticatory muscles. Asymmetry in clinical signs and symptoms coincided with the asymmetry observed in the computed horizontal tomograms. PMID- 6605026 TI - Dissociation of natural killer activity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in spleen cells of tumor bearing mice. AB - Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) increased with the development of tumors in C3H/He mice bearing spontaneous breast cancer or the syngeneic hepatoma MH-134 and in C57BL/6 mice bearing the syngeneic Lewis lung carcinoma 3LL. This cytotoxicity decreased after treatment with guinea pig, monoclonal IgM anti-Thy 1.2 serum and complement to the non-cancer level thus indicating that the increased ADCC in mice with cancer seems mainly attributable to cells with the Thy 1 antigen. On the other hand, NK activity decreased greatly when mice had tumors. Treatment with monoclonal IgM anti-Thy 1.2 serum and complement showed no significant influence on the natural killer (NK) activity of spleen cells of mice bearing MH-134 cancer, but in the 3LL-bearing mice the activity decreased significantly. PMID- 6605027 TI - Autoantibodies and immunoglobulins in alcoholic steatosis and cirrhosis. AB - Antinuclear antibodies were significantly more prevalent (p less than 0.01) in 143 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis than in 64 patients with alcoholic steatosis and in 94 controls. Smooth muscle antibodies were significantly more prevalent (p less than 0.05) in patients with alcoholic steatosis and cirrhosis than in controls. The prevalence of antimitochondrial antibodies and IgG liver membrane antibodies did not differ significantly between the three groups. Immunoglobulin G, A, and M concentrations were only occasionally increased in patients with steatosis. Patients with cirrhosis had significantly increased (p less than 0.005) concentrations of immunoglobulins G, A, and M when compared to patients with steatosis. These results indicate that the degree of liver damage has more effect than chronic alcoholism on the humoral immune system. Whether this influence is direct or indirect remains to be established. PMID- 6605028 TI - HLA-B27-negative arthritis related to Campylobacter jejuni enteritis in three children and two adults. AB - Five out of 37 patients with proven Campylobacter jejuni enteritis developed arthritis. Two adult patients presented with classical Reiter's syndrome. One of the three children had reactive arthritis, and clinical suspicion of septic arthritis could not be confirmed in two. The acute synovitis subsided usually without treatment in all patients within 3-7 days, while arthralgia persisted longer in 4 patients. HLA-B27 was not present in the 5 patients with arthritis, but was found in 4 others. In Northern Norway, Campylobacter fetus ssp. jejuni is more frequently isolated from stool specimens than Salmonella, Shigella and Yersinia enterocolitica. Synovial fluid should be cultured following Campylobacter jejuni enteritis in arthritis patients. PMID- 6605029 TI - In vivo measurements of regional cerebral blood flow and blood volume in patients with brain tumours using positron emission tomography. AB - In 21 patients with cerebral tumours regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and blood volume (rCBV) were measured. In the tumours, blood flow and volume were variable and unrelated even in tumours of the same type and grade. In the contralateral grey and white matter a (linear) relationship was found between rCBF and rCBV. Following operation, rCBF and rCBV in the contralateral hemisphere may increase due to lowering of intracranial pressure. Preliminary data shows that both factors decrease following whole brain irradiation. PMID- 6605030 TI - Successful removal of pontine haematoma due to rupture of cryptic arteriovenous malformation. Case report. AB - One case of a pontine haematoma with clinical symptoms of cerebellopontine angle tumour is described. The haematoma was successfully evacuated, and preoperative neurological deficits disappeared except for minimal right fifth nerve palsy. The pathological specimen was diagnosed as arteriovenous malformation. Lateropontine haematomas must be included in the differential diagnosis of cerebellopontine angle tumours. PMID- 6605031 TI - Neurophysiological and clinical aspects of vestibular disorders. 8th Extraordinary meeting of the Barany Society, Basel, June 22-25, 1982. PMID- 6605036 TI - Synaptic structures of the human vestibular ganglion. PMID- 6605037 TI - Pathology as it relates to surgery of Meniere's disease. PMID- 6605038 TI - Common complications following removal of vestibular schwannoma. PMID- 6605039 TI - Sonography of evolving renal cystic transformation associated with hemodialysis. PMID- 6605040 TI - Clinical NMR imaging of the brain in children: normal and neurologic disease. AB - The results of initial clinical nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in eight normal and 52 children with a wide variety of neurologic diseases were reviewed. The high level of gray-white matter contrast available with inversion recovery sequences provided a basis for visualizing normal myelination as well as delays or deficits in this process. The appearances seen in cases of parenchymal hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, and porencephalic cysts are described. Ventricular enlargement was readily identified and marginal edema was demonstrated with spin-echo sequences. Abnormalities were seen in cerebral palsy, congenital malformations, Hallervorden-Spatz disease, aminoaciduria, and meningitis. Space-occupying lesions were identified by virtue of their increased relaxation times and mass effects. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging has considerable potential in pediatric neuroradiologic practice, in some conditions supplying information not available by computed tomography or sonography. PMID- 6605041 TI - Brain nuclear magnetic resonance imaging enhanced by a paramagnetic nitroxide contrast agent: preliminary report. AB - Contrast-enhancing agents for demonstrating abnormalities of the blood-brain barrier may extend the diagnostic utility of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging. "TES," a nitroxide stable free radical derivative, was tested as a central nervous system contrast enhancer in dogs with experimentally induced unilateral cerebritis or radiation cerebral damage. After intravenous injection of TES, the normal brain showed no change in NMR appearance, but areas of disease demonstrated a dramatic increase (up to 45%) in spin-echo intensity and a decrease in T1 relaxation times. The areas of disease defined by TES enhancement were either not evident on the nonenhanced NMR images or were better defined after contrast administration. In-depth tests of toxicity, stability, and metabolism of this promising NMR contrast agent are now in progress. PMID- 6605042 TI - Improved head support for prone myelographic and CT examinations. PMID- 6605043 TI - Predicting angiography-induced acute renal function impairment: clinical risk model. AB - Two hundred sixty-six patients were evaluated for development of acute renal function impairment after renal angiography. Forty-five (16.9%) had a significant increase in serum level of creatinine (sCr), six developed oliguria or anuria, and one required permanent dialysis. Age, proteinuria, abnormal baseline sCr, use of Renografin 76, and preexisting renal disease were the five independent risk factors in the series. An odds-ratio analysis establishes the relative risk (i.e., likelihood) of developing acute renal insufficiency when a given risk factor is present. For example, patients with underlying renal disease were 6.6 times more likely to develop a transient increase in sCr than those with no renal disease. A clinical test model was devised to predict the likelihood that a given individual would develop acute renal insufficiency after renal angiography on the basis of the number of risk factors present. An increasing relation was demonstrated; the more factors present, the more likely it becomes that a patient will develop acute renal insufficiency. PMID- 6605044 TI - The role of percutaneous aspiration in the diagnosis of pancreatic abscess. AB - Percutaneous aspiration should be performed on pancreatic/peripancreatic fluid collections when an abscess is suspected. Thirty-one percutaneous aspirations were performed on 21 such patients and seven (33%) proved to have an abscess. A Gram stain after the aspiration is important, as it can make an immediate diagnosis of an abscess. By helping make an early diagnosis, percutaneous aspiration might reduce the high mortality rate associated with a pancreatic abscess while avoiding surgery in those who have sterile fluid collections. Two complications (6%) occurred: superinfection of a pseudocyst and a hemoperitoneum. PMID- 6605045 TI - Prostaglandin E1 in hand angiography. AB - Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) is a rapid, potent vasodilator which, when infused into the arterial system in low doses by bolus injection, has no significant systemic effects and has a relatively long duration of action. Sixty-three hand angiograms were done on 55 patients, comparing PGE1 to tolazoline and to angiograms done with no vasodilation. There was no significant difference between PGE1 and tolazoline in digital artery opacification; however, venous opacification was very significantly better with PGE1. PGE1 should be a drug of choice in hand angiography. PMID- 6605046 TI - Therapeutic embolization of infantile hepatic hemangioma with polyvinyl alcohol. PMID- 6605047 TI - Clearing of clotted dialysis shunts by streptokinase injection at multiple sites. PMID- 6605048 TI - Visceral embolization during low-dose fibrinolysis of aortic graft occlusion. PMID- 6605049 TI - Urokinase treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome. PMID- 6605050 TI - Rupture of a coronary bypass graft aneurysm: CT evaluation and coil occlusion therapy. PMID- 6605051 TI - The clinical value of body computed tomography over time and technologic change. AB - A clinical study of body computed tomography (CT) at Massachusetts General Hospital evaluated 2,619 patients who were prospectively assigned to one of 12 examination protocols. Data obtained from referring physicians and patient records just before CT examination and later in the course of care served as a basis for judging the contribution of CT to diagnostic understanding, use of other tests, and choice of therapy. Fifty-three percent of examinations produced a substantial or unique contribution to diagnostic understanding, and 15% contributed to a change in treatment. Performance in different protocols varied greatly: lymphoma, pancreas, retroperitoneum, lung, and liver ranked in the top half for both diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy; pelvis, urology, and colon fell in the bottom third. Overall, CT reduced surgery by an estimated 14% and angiography by an estimated 11% in the study population. Availability of CT was also associated over time with significant declines in the frequency of sonographic examinations and of lymphangiography, though not of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Compared with an 18-sec scanner, examinations on a 3-sec unit more frequently contributed to improved diagnostic understanding (p less than 0.05) and to increased physician confidence in previously chosen treatment (p less than 0.001). Studies of the diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of devices like CT can guide clinical expectations and provide a basis for evaluating new imaging methods. PMID- 6605052 TI - Cost analyses of positron emission tomography for clinical use. AB - Costs associated with the clinical use of positron emission tomography (PET) at the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology are analyzed according to the two major components: radiopharmaceutical production and imaging. Estimated annual costs are +584,500 for PET radiopharmaceutical production and +644,250 for PET imaging (1982 U.S. dollars). The economic break-even point charge to cover expenses is +615-+2,780 per clinical procedure, depending on several variables, especially procedure volume. Charges for PET clinical procedures will be among the highest of all charges for diagnostic imaging procedures, perhaps even higher than these estimates at some institutions. Several technologic and procedural approaches to reducing costs are suggested, the most promising being the anticipated availability of positron-emitting radionuclides from commercial suppliers. PMID- 6605053 TI - A comprehensive information service for an academic radiology department. AB - In order to simplify access to the medical radiology literature, a clinical information service was created within an academic radiology department. The program, administered by a clinical medical librarian, provides literature search services and current literature selection for in-house faculty and staff members to answer questions related to patient management, research, publication, and conference preparation. Additional services are provided through selective bibliographies and "current awareness" searches, both updated frequently, and a monthly journal table-of-contents packet in the areas of radiologic diagnosis/nuclear medicine and radiation therapy. The clinical medical librarian also administers a departmental learning resource center and teaching files. Development of a subscription information service for practicing radiologists is discussed. PMID- 6605054 TI - CT of mediastinal lymph nodes in lung cancer: is there a "state of the art"? PMID- 6605055 TI - Errors discovered. PMID- 6605056 TI - Intracapsular pressure monitoring during arthrographic evaluation of painful hip prostheses. AB - Aspiration-arthrography with continuous monitoring of intraarticular pressure and volume was performed on 10 consecutive patients with painful total-hip arthroplasties. Five of these patients demonstrated clinical and arthrographic evidence of adhesive capsulitis, a condition that was associated with a dramatic rise of intraarticular pressure as increasing amounts of contrast material were introduced. The precise etiology of adhesive capsulitis is not clear. PMID- 6605057 TI - CT of acetabular fractures: postoperative appearances. AB - Thirty-one postoperative pelvic computed tomographic (CT) scans in 29 patients studied between 1 day and 7 years after open reduction and internal fixation of acetabular fractures were reviewed. CT was most useful in the immediate postoperative period for detecting residual intraarticular fragments, localizing metallic fixation devices, and assessing the adequacy of reduction. CT scans obtained in the late postoperative period were useful primarily for determining the position and extent of ectopic bone before surgical removal. PMID- 6605058 TI - Fatty replacement of lower paraspinal muscles: normal and neuromuscular disorders. AB - The physiologic replacement of the lower paraspinal muscles by fat was evaluated in 157 patients undergoing computed tomography for reasons unrelated to abnormalities of the locomotor system. Five patients with neuromuscular disorders were similarly evaluated. The changes were graded according to severity at three spinal levels: lower thoracic-upper lumbar, midlumbar, and lumbosacral. The results were analyzed in relation to age and gender. It was found that fatty replacement of paraspinal muscles is a normal age-progressive phenomenon most prominent in females. It progresses down the spine, being most advanced in the lumbosacral region. The severest changes in the five patients with neuromuscular disorders (three with poliomyelitis and two with progressive muscular dystrophy) consisted of complete muscle group replacement by fat. In postpoliomyelitis atrophy, the distribution was typically asymmetric and sometimes lacked clinical correlation. In muscular dystrophy, fatty replacement was symmetric, showing relative sparing of the psoas and multifidus muscles. In patients with neuromuscular diseases, computed tomography of muscles may be helpful in planning a better rehabilitation regimen. PMID- 6605059 TI - Obscure pulmonary masses: bronchial impaction revealed by CT. AB - Dilated bronchi impacted with mucus or tumor are recognized on standard chest radiographs because they are surrounded by aerated pulmonary parenchyma. When imaged in different projections, these lesions produce a variety of appearances that are generally familiar. This report characterizes less familiar computed tomographic (CT) findings in eight patients with pathologic bronchial distension of congenital, neoplastic, or infectious etiologies and correlates them with chest films. In seven patients, CT readily revealed dilated bronchi and/or regional lung hypodensity. In four of these cases, CT led to the initial suspicion of dilated bronchi. CT should be used early in the evaluation of atypical pulmonary mass lesions or to confirm suspected bronchial impaction because of the high probability it will reveal diagnostic features. PMID- 6605060 TI - Relation of pulmonary vessel size to transfer factor in subjects with airflow obstruction. AB - In a group of 61 consecutive patients undergoing assessment of airflow obstruction, a significant linear relation was demonstrated between measurements of the diameter of the midzonal pulmonary vessels on the plain chest radiographs and transfer factor (diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide) (r = 0.46, p less than 0.001). Since reduction in transfer factor has been shown to relate to structural emphysema, reduction in midzone vessel caliber implies the same. However, in the individual patient neither the transfer factor nor structural emphysema can be reliably predicted from midzone vessel diameters alone. PMID- 6605061 TI - CT diagnosis of unsuspected pneumothorax after blunt abdominal trauma. AB - Review of abdominal CT scans for evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma yielded 35 cases of pneumothorax, 10 of which had not been diagnosed before CT by clinical examination or plain radiographs. Of the 10 cases initially diagnosed on CT, seven required tube thoracostomy for treatment of the pneumothorax. CT detection of pneumothorax is especially important if mechanical assisted ventilation or general anesthesia is used. Demonstration of pneumothorax requires viewing CT scans of the upper abdomen (lower thorax) at lung windows in addition to the usual soft-tissue windows. PMID- 6605062 TI - Sonography of extrathoracic left-to-right shunts in infants and children. AB - Experience with high-resolution, real-time sonography of four infants with differing extrathoracic left-to-right shunts is presented. Intracranial and parahepatic arteriovenous malformations gave rise to congestive heart failure as their primary or sole manifestation. Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return to the inferior vena cava in one patient and to the portal vein in another was associated with other congenital cardiac anomalies. Once an arteriovenous malformation was suspected, sonography was useful as the initial imaging procedure to localize it and to direct attention to the most useful and least hazardous studies for detailed evaluation. PMID- 6605063 TI - Unusual variant in tumor vascularity associated with left atrial myxoma. PMID- 6605064 TI - Transection of the localization hooked wire during breast biopsy. PMID- 6605065 TI - Single-photon emission computed tomography of the normal liver. AB - Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is a new imaging method that offers the advantage of cross-sectional imaging and improved contrast resolution as compared with conventional planar imaging. Preliminary SPECT studies of the liver for detection of metastatic disease are very promising. However, these studies indicate some potential pitfalls in the interpretation of the normal liver SPECT images. Experience with 58 tomographic studies obtained with a General Electric 400T rotating gamma camera is presented, with special emphasis on the areas of potential misinterpretation and on recognition of the normal anatomy as seen by this technique. PMID- 6605066 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance of iron and copper disease states. AB - The tissue levels of paramagnetic ions are an important factor in the determination of T1 values as observed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging. The increased levels of iron present in human disease states such as hemochromatosis lead to decreased T1 values. The mean liver T1 of three patients with iron storage disease was determined to be 130 msec, significantly different from the value of 154 msec, the mean for 14 normal controls. Whether NMR will be able to detect the increased copper levels in liver and brain in Wilson disease remains for further clinical trials to evaluate. NMR imaging, however, does serve as a noninvasive method for the diagnosis of states of iron overload and as a technique to follow progression of disease or response to medical therapy. PMID- 6605067 TI - Positive gallium scan in retroperitoneal fibrosis. PMID- 6605068 TI - Computed tomography for staging esophageal and gastroesophageal cancer: reevaluation. AB - A reevaluation of computed tomography (CT) for staging carcinoma of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction was performed in 76 patients. For comparison 26 patients without carcinoma of the esophagus with a normal mediastinum at surgery were included in the evaluation. Four radiologists evaluated the CT scans without knowledge of the diagnosis. After determining if there was an adequate amount of fat, they were asked to evaluate each case for the presence or absence of local invasion and distant metastases. The radiologists correctly identified all 26 normal patients. Eighteen of the 76 carcinoma patients had a paucity of fat, but only six were thought to have truly indeterminate scans. CT correctly identified 40 of the 44 esophageal carcinoma patients with mediastinal invasion and 11 of the 15 patients without invasion (accuracy 88%). CT correctly identified 15 of 19 patients with distant abdominal metastases and 28 of 30 patients without metastases (accuracy 88%). CT was only 50% accurate in predicting the presence or absence of invasion in the 12 patients with gastroesophageal junction tumors and only 58% accurate in predicting distant metastases. CT correctly staged 46 (94%) of 49 patients with esophageal carcinoma but only five (42%) of 12 patients with gastroesophageal junction tumors. These results confirm that CT should be used as a major staging method in all patients with esophageal carcinoma. PMID- 6605069 TI - The pelvis after surgery for rectal carcinoma: serial CT observations with emphasis on nonneoplastic features. AB - Ten asymptomatic patients who had undergone resection of rectal carcinoma were evaluated prospectively by at least three serial computed tomographic (CT) examinations of the pelvis within 24 months of surgery. Of the seven patients who had undergone abdominoperineal resection, five were found to have a presacral mass due to normal postoperative changes within the first 4 months. The mass showed a variable diminution between 4 and 9 months after operation and developed a more distinct outline, partial separation from the sacrum, or a change in configuration to a thin transverse sliver. These changes indicate the possibility of CT differentiation of a normal postoperative mass from local recurrence. In the other five patients, no postoperative mass was observed. In one patient CT demonstrated a solitary 1.5 cm lymph node metastasis. This patient was asymptomatic and had a normal carcinoembryonic antigen level. From these observations, a baseline CT study of the pelvis within 2-4 months of resection of rectal carcinoma, followed by serial CT examinations at about 6-month intervals is recommended for the detection of early asymptomatic pelvic recurrence and to facilitate differentiation from persistent postoperative changes. PMID- 6605070 TI - Colon polyp morphology on double-contrast barium enema: its pathologic predictive value. AB - The morphologic appearance of 96 polyps seen on double-contrast barium enema was reviewed to assess the predictive value of various signs described to diagnose malignancy. Size, surface contour, basal indentation, and pedunculation were studied. Sessile polyps had an appreciable incidence of malignancy, with size being the best indicator of that risk. Pedunculation was found to be a reliable sign of benignity in predicting the absence of malignant invasion into the adjacent colonic wall. Polyps under 1 cm and having a smooth contour were invariably benign. Conversely, polyps larger than 1 cm with a lobulated contour and basal indentation had a significant incidence of malignancy. PMID- 6605071 TI - A simplified method for imaging the anterior gastroduodenal wall by double contrast study. PMID- 6605072 TI - Aphthoid ulcerations in ileocolic candidiasis. PMID- 6605073 TI - Subchorionic bleeding in threatened abortion: sonographic findings and significance. AB - Fifty-six patients with clinical threatened abortion were evaluated by sonography. In six patients, fetal cardiac activity was absent at or beyond 9 weeks of gestation, and fetal death was confirmed in all six cases. In the other 50 patients, fetal cardiac activity was present at or beyond 9 weeks of gestation. In 10 (20%) of these 50 patients, subchorionic bleeding was present in various degrees, appearing sonographically as an extrachorionic crescentic anechoic or complex collection. The final outcome in the 50 patients with fetal cardiac activity was as follows: In the absence of subchorionic bleeding, 100% of the pregnancies progressed to term; in the presence of subchorionic bleeding the positive outcome was reduced to 80%. In addition to signs of fetal life on sonography, subchorionic bleeding is an important factor affecting the outcome of gestations in patients with clinical threatened abortion. PMID- 6605074 TI - A date-independent predictor of intrauterine growth retardation: femur length/abdominal circumference ratio. AB - The relation between sonographically measured fetal femur length and abdominal circumference (expressed as femur length/abdominal circumference X 100) was studied in 361 normal pregnancies between 15 and 42 weeks. This ratio was found to be independent of menstrual age, with a normal range after 21 weeks (mean +/- 2 SD) of 22 +/- 2. This ratio also was evaluated as a predictor of intrauterine growth retardation in 30 cases using the 90th percentile (23.5) as the upper limit of normal, which resulted in identification of 63% of the growth-retarded fetuses. Because it is independent of menstrual age, this ratio should prove most useful in evaluating high-risk patients who present in the third trimester of pregnancy with no dates. It is also of value in detecting growth retardation in patients with good menstrual history, since it was shown to become abnormal in asymmetrically growth-retarded fetuses before the estimated weight fell below the 10th percentile. PMID- 6605075 TI - Sonography of ovarian tumors: predictability of tumor type. AB - One hundred six ovarian neoplasms were evaluated with respect to size, echogenic characteristics, and percentage of echogenic material to determine if sonography could differentiate between malignant and benign tumors and if histology could be determined. This study indicates that anechoic lesions have high likelihood of being benign tumors, usually mucinous cystadenomas or serous cystadenomas. As the percentage of echogenic material increases, the likelihood of malignancy also increases. There are two exceptions to this rule. The first is lesions with very echogenic foci, which are virtually always benign teratomas. The second is groups of tumors that are totally or near-totally echogenic. These are actually less likely to be malignancies than mixed-density tumors that have a large anechoic component. In mixed-echogenicity tumors that are not teratomas, there was no way of distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions with an acceptable degree of accuracy in an individual case. Also, with the exception of teratomas, histology could not be determined. It should be noted that in the postmenopausal patient, the maximum size of a normal ovary is 2 X 1.5 X 0.5 cm. An adnexal mass larger than this must be considered suspicious of a neoplasm. PMID- 6605076 TI - Sonography of testicular trauma. AB - The sonographic features were reviewed in 30 cases of testicular trauma. Sonography correctly diagnosed testicular rupture in 12 surgically proven cases. Two additional cases of testicular rupture were diagnosed by sonography in patients who refused surgery. One false-positive diagnosis occurred in a patient with a large scrotal hematoma. There were no known false-negative diagnoses. Discrete fracture planes often are not identified by sonography in cases of testicular rupture. However, any alteration of the normal testicular echogenicity in traumatized patients suggests testicular rupture and requires surgery. PMID- 6605077 TI - Cystographic contrast media: clinical and experimental studies. AB - Cysto-Conray II 17.2% (81 mg l/ml), diluted Cysto-Conray 10% (47 mg l/ml), and Hypaque-Cysto 10% (47 mg l/ml) produced no histologic effects on rat bladders. Simulated ureters in water phantoms were well shown with lower concentrations of cystographic solutions including those of 5% (24 mg l/ml). In clinical studies there was little difference between Cysto-Conray II 17.2% and Hypaque-Cysto 10% for delineating refluxing ureters, bladder margins, and the urethra. Intraluminal filling defects in dog bladders were demonstrated best with cystographic concentrations of less than 10% (47 mg l/ml). PMID- 6605078 TI - Evidence that active and stable E-rosette forming cells belong to different human T lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - Human T Lymphocytes form spontaneous E-rosettes with sheep erythrocytes. Cells with high affinity E-receptors can be differentiated by their formation of active (aE) or stable (sE)-rosettes; therefore, experiments were performed in order to determine if active and stable E-rosettes are formed by different populations of T lymphocytes. "Enriched" and "depleted" fractions of aE-RFC were separated on Ficoll-Hypaque after fresh peripheral blood lymphocytes were mixed with SRBC under aE-rosette conditions. Enrichment of aE-RFC did not induce a simultaneous increase in the number of sE-RFC. Furthermore, upon incubation with Con A, a significant increase in the percentage of sE-RFC was detected in the aE-RFC "depleted" preparation. Fractionation of lymphocytes which had been cultured with Con A into sE-"enriched" and "depleted" populations again showed that aE-and sE RFC do not co-separate in to the same fractions. Analysis of T cell-enriched cultures, prepared from peripheral blood lymphocytes either by rosetting with SRBCaet or fractionation on nylon wool columns, which were stimulated with Con A and then fractionated into aE-or sE- "enriched" and "depleted" populations clearly showed that enrichment of aE-RFC results in a decrease in the number of sE-RFC and viceversa. These data strongly support the idea that cells forming active and stable E-rosettes belong to different populations of human T lymphocytes. PMID- 6605079 TI - T-cell subsets in atopic dermatitis. AB - The T-cell subpopulations as defined by monoclonal antibodies OKT4 and OKT8 have been evaluated in 17 children with severe atopic dermatitis and high IgE levels. Normal percentage and absolute number of total T-cells and helper and suppressor/cytotoxic subsets were found. No relationship could be established between the distribution of T-cell subsets, serum IgE levels or the severity of the eczema. PMID- 6605081 TI - [Detection and clinical evaluation of antibodies against soluble nuclear antigens]. AB - The presence of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) is particularly common in the group with so-called "systemic rheumatic disease". Routinely these antibodies are detected by indirect immunofluorescence techniques using different substrates since they are non-organ and non-species specific. Nowadays the detection o ANA in a particular patient is not enough further study must be done to identify the antigen responsible for that pattern. Many different nuclear antigens have been described. In this review, we comment on the detections, clinical significance and incidence of antibodies produced against certain specific nuclear antigens: the saline extractable nuclear antigen (ENA). These antigens have been detected indirectly by using immunodiffusion, counterimmunoelectrophoresis by bringing into contact the patient's serum and nuclear antigenic extracts from different sources. PMID- 6605080 TI - IgE levels and PMN chemotaxis in atopic dermatitis. AB - In the recent years immunological abnormalities, including defective polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) chemotaxis and both quantitative and functional defects in T-lymphocytes, have been reported in atopic dermatitis (AD). To date there is still a controversy regarding the causes of PMN chemotaxis defect and the possible mechanism underlying this abnormality in patients with AD. The aim of this study was to investigate the PMN chemotactic function in 18 children affected with AD and high levels of serum IgE, and in 4 children with Hyper IgE Syndrome (HIES). Our results showed a marked PMN chemotaxis defect (p less than 0.01) in the patients with HIES, while in the subjects with AD PMN cellular chemotaxis was normal and there was no correlation between the results of chemotaxis and serum IgE levels. PMID- 6605082 TI - Progression of coronary artery disease in randomized medical and surgical patients over a 5-year angiographic follow-up. AB - Progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) was assessed prospectively in a randomized series of 36 medically treated and 42 surgically treated patients with angina pectoris. The medical patients were reexamined after 5 years and the surgical patients 3 weeks, 1 year and 5 years after operation. Sixty-seven percent of the medical patients and 69% of the surgical patients had progression. The frequency of new lesions in initially normal segments after 5 years in the medical group was 6.7%, versus 4.1% in ungrafted normal segments in the surgical group (p = 0.05 less than 0.010). The frequency of progression in abnormal arteries was 24.1% in the medical group, versus 22.6% in the ungrafted arteries of the surgical group (p = 0.90 less than 0.95). The rate of progression of obstructed segments proximal to the graft over 5 years was 43%, versus 27% of the corresponding segments in the medical group (p less than 0.01). Progression took place in 11.6% of normal segments proximal to the graft, versus 2% of the corresponding segments in the medical group (p less than 0.05); 69% of progression occurring in segments proximal to the graft had reached total occlusion, versus 38% of the corresponding segments in the medical group (p less than 0.01). Progression developed in 3.9% of segments distal to the graft, versus 3.1% of the corresponding segments in the medical group. Progression takes place at identical rates in medically treated patients and in ungrafted arteries and segments distal to the graft in surgical patients. Proximal to the graft the rates differ and total occlusions appear as early as 3 weeks after operation. PMID- 6605084 TI - False aneurysm of ascending aorta after aortocoronary bypass grafting. PMID- 6605083 TI - Prediction of maximal cardiac output in preoperative patients with coronary artery disease. AB - Of 100 patients (89 men, 11 women) studied preoperatively to determine their aerobic and hemodynamic profiles at rest and during upright treadmill exercise. The mean maximal cardiac output (CO), measured using the direct Fick principle, was 57 +/- 14% of average normal values. The reduction in maximal heart rate (63 +/- 13% of normal) was a greater factor in the reduction in CO than stroke volume (88 +/- 16% of normal). Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) was 48 +/- 15% of normal and the greater reduction in VO2max compared with CO was due to lower peripheral extraction in the coronary patients. Variables that correlated with maximal CO in a univariate analysis included angina severity (r = -0.45), VO2max (r = 0.67), maximal heart rate (r = -0.31), left ventricular dysfunction (r = 0.45), maximal systolic blood pressure (r = -0.31) and number of vessels with greater than or equal to 50% diameter reduction (r = -0.3). Resting ejection fraction did not correlate with maximal CO. In a multivariate analysis, 4 variables correlated significantly (r = 0.77) with maximal CO: in order, VO2max, number of vessels with greater than or equal to 50% stenosis, magnitude of ST depression and sex. PMID- 6605085 TI - Utility of monoclonal antibodies directed against B and T lymphocytes and monocytes in paraffin-embedded sections. AB - Monoclonal antibodies reactive with B and T lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes were applied to B-5-, Bouin's-, or formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections. Most antigens were destroyed or masked by fixation or embedding procedures, or both. However, T200, an antigen present in all lymphoid and hematopoietic cells, and Leu M1, an antigen in granulocytes, were well preserved in formalin-fixed tissues. Leu 1 and BA-1, antigens present on T and B lymphocytes, respectively, were preserved in Bouin's-fixed specimens. With careful selection of fixatives, identification of some T and B lymphocytes and granulocytes by monoclonal antibodies in paraffin-embedded specimens is possible. PMID- 6605086 TI - Special topics in antimicrobial susceptibility testing: test accuracy against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, pneumococci, and the sensitivity of beta-lactamase methods. AB - Three contemporary problems in antimicrobial susceptibility testing were assessed by the CAP-Microbiology Surveys Program in 1982. A penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae was categorized correctly as resistant by nearly 78% of Infectious Disease Survey subscribers. This rate compares with a 15% accuracy in the 1981 Surveys challenge, and all results reported from the NCCLS recommended 1 microgram oxacillin screening test correctly found penicillin resistance. Further improvement in the microbiology laboratories' ability to recognize pneumococcal penicillin resistance is critical to good patient care. A methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain was assessed accurately by 96.8% of NCCLS disk diffusion test users (methicillin, nafcillin, and oxacillin disks). The microdilution broth method using methicillin as the representative of the penicillinase-stable penicillins performed well. Only nafcillin and oxacillin broth microdilution tests and the automated MIC methods had reduced accuracy. Automated systems also failed to recognize an associated erythromycin resistance in the MRSA strain. Suggestions for improved microdilution test accuracy are made. Three survey challenges have evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of commercial and other beta-lactamase test methods. The false-positive rates for staphylococci range from 3.9 to 4.5%. The false-negative results on a Haemophilus paraphrophilus (beta-lactamase producer) were highest for the iodometric technic (8.7%) and lowest for the chromogenic cephalosporins (1.9%) such as nitrocefin and PADAC. Recommendations for their more limited use in generally emergent clinical settings are offered. PMID- 6605087 TI - Gastric lipoma presenting as peptic ulcer: case report and review of the literature. AB - A 61-year-old housewife was diagnosed as having peptic ulcer disease for a period of 2 years. During this time she had episodes of abdominal cramping, dyspepsia, and one episode of severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding. She was subsequently found to have a large gastric lipoma. Gastric lipoma, a rare tumor, frequently mimics peptic ulcer disease in its clinical presentation and its complications. This point has not been previously emphasized. PMID- 6605088 TI - Empty sella of normal size in Sheehan's syndrome. AB - This report describes the findings of computed tomography of the sella turcica region in 13 women in whom postpartum hypopituitarism developed in the absence of a pituitary tumor. Seven patients had the typical history of severe postpartum hemorrhage (Sheehan's syndrome). Computed tomographic scanning in these patients revealed absence (in six patients) or marked reduction (in one patient) of the amount of demonstrable pituitary tissue. The pituitary fossa was occupied by material with the density of cerebrospinal fluid, resulting in the appearance of an "empty sella." Sella size was within the normal range in six of the seven patients and enlarged in one. The six remaining patients lacked a characteristic history of vascular collapse, although several did have postpartum complications. The radiologic findings in four of these patients were similar to those seen in the patients with typical Sheehan's syndrome: one patient had a partially empty sella and another had normal results of computed tomographic scanning. Thus, 11 of 13 women with postpartum hypopituitarism were noted to have an empty or partially empty sella of normal size. This report represents the first radiologic documentation of Sheehan's syndrome as a cause of the secondary empty sella, with the characteristic finding being an empty sella of normal size. PMID- 6605089 TI - A prospective study of three biochemical fetoplacental tests: serum human placental lactogen, pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein, and urinary estrogens, and their relationship to placental insufficiency. AB - The relationship between abnormal biochemical fetoplacental test results and placental insufficiency was studied in a group of high-risk obstetric patients. The urinary estrogen: creatinine ratio and serum human placental lactogen (hPL) and pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) were measured in more than 1,600 patients. Fifty-one patients were found to have abnormal biochemical results, and the placentas from these patients were sent for the assessment of placental insufficiency by pathologic examination, which was expressed as a placental insufficiency score. Low hPL was found to be the best biochemical indicator of placental insufficiency, and 84% of the patients with a low level of hPL had an elevated placental insufficiency score. The combination of low levels of hPL and urinary estrogen was found to be the best indicator of placental insufficiency associated with retarded intrauterine growth, and 83% of the patients who had low results in both of these tests had elevated placental insufficiency scores and were delivered of light-for-dates infants. The measurement of SP1 was found to be of limited value in detecting retarded growth, but patients with low SP1 values showed an increased incidence of fetal hypoxia. Attention is drawn to the fact that the discrepancies that occur in the various estimations are not necessarily due to artifact, and specific pathologic processes which could account for some of the anomalous results are identified. PMID- 6605090 TI - Loss of electroretinographic oscillatory potentials, optic atrophy, and dysplasia in congenital stationary night blindness. AB - New criteria for diagnosing congenital stationary night blindness include loss of the oscillatory potentials in the photopic and bright-flash dark-adapted electroretinogram, and atrophy or dysplastic changes, or both, in the optic nerve head. Ten patients (seven male and three female, ranging in age from 6 to 19 years) had typical findings of congenital stationary night blindness including congenital nonprogressive nyctalopia, no pigmentary retinopathy, and full visual fields consistent with myopia. Visual acuities ranged from 20/30 to 20/60, though one patient had a visual acuity of 20/200. Most patients had histories of strabismus. The photopic electroretinograms were subnormal. Of the male patients, five had tilted optic disks with temporal portions of the nerve missing, and two had misshapen nerve heads. The three female patients had pallor of the optic disk without evidence of tilt. PMID- 6605091 TI - Surface distribution of enamel opacities following orthodontic treatment. AB - A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence and severity of enamel opacities occurring on different surfaces of the dentition as well as the distribution of these lesions on individual teeth following orthodontic treatment. The sample consisted of 527 patients examined prior to and 269 other patients examined after completion of multibanded orthodontic treatment. The results showed that following orthodontic treatment there was a significant increase in the prevalence of enamel opacities on the vestibular and lingual surfaces of the dentition. The increase was significantly greater on the cervical and middle thirds of the crown. Among individual teeth, there was a statistically significant increase in the prevalence and severity of enamel opacities on the maxillary and mandibular first molars, the maxillary lateral incisors, and the mandibular lateral incisors and canines. The increase was greatest on the cervical and middle thirds of the vestibular surface of these teeth. PMID- 6605092 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin-deficient phenotype is not maintained by segregation distortion. AB - Recent reports have suggested that the alpha-1-antitrypsin allele PiZ, which in homozygotes results in severe deficiency of this important protease inhibitor, is maintained at a relatively high gene frequency through the mechanism of segregation distortion. We report here on 121 nuclear families selected because only one parent was segregating the Z allele. After correcting for ascertainment, no evidence of preferential transmission was observed in 278 informative offspring. PMID- 6605093 TI - Enhanced recovery of renal ATP with postischemic infusion of ATP-MgCl2 determined by 31P-NMR. AB - The postischemic infusion of ATP-MgCl2 will enhance the recovery of both glomerular and tubular function. To assess the effect of ATP-MgCl2 on tissue nucleotides, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) spectra were obtained continuously in vivo from the left kidney of rats that had been subjected to 45 min of renal ischemia and then infused with either normal saline or ATP-MgCl2. 31P-NMR spectra with distinct peaks for alpha-, beta-, and gamma-phosphate of ATP, sugar phosphate, and inorganic phosphate were collected every 7 min before, during, and after renal artery occlusion. During ischemia, the ATP beta-peak (the only peak unique to ATP) fell rapidly to 10% of control values in both groups of animals. By 120 min after the ischemic insult, the animals treated with ATP-MgCl2 had recovery of renal ATP to 89 +/- 2.6%, which is significantly greater (P less than 0.001) than 65.2 +/- 1.8% found in rats given normal saline. These data indicate that 1) 31P-NMR can be used to assess renal ATP levels continuously in vivo; 2) during renal ischemia ATP levels fall quickly to less than 10% of control values; 3) tissue ATP returns relatively slowly to control values in rats given normal saline, whereas postischemic treatment with ATP-MgCl2 results in an accelerated recovery of tissue ATP levels. These findings provide a biochemical correlate to the improvement in renal function previously described. PMID- 6605094 TI - Different definitions of alcoholism, I: Impact of seven definitions on prevalence rates in a community survey. AB - The authors applied seven different sets of diagnostic criteria for alcoholism to data obtained by using the Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS) in a community sample. They found that the different diagnostic schemes for alcoholism are hierarchical in the sense that some definitions identify smaller groups of subjects as alcoholic than do other definitions. This study illustrates a potentially useful empirical approach to comparing diagnostic criteria for psychiatric disorders in epidemiologic or clinical studies. PMID- 6605095 TI - Langerhans' cell granulomatosis (histiocytosis X) associated with malignant lymphomas. AB - We present six patients in whom Langerhans' cell granulomatosis (histiocytosis X) was found in lymph nodes also harboring malignant lymphomas: Hodgkin's disease in five and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in one. This brings to 12 the total number of such reported cases. Whether this represents a chance association of the two processes or a peculiar reaction of Langerhans' cells to the lymphoma is unknown. The focal intimate intermingling of the two processes and the inability to identify LCG as an incidential finding in other cancers suggests that this phenomenon may represent a peculiar reaction to the lymphoma. PMID- 6605098 TI - Outcome standards for rheumatology nursing practice. PMID- 6605096 TI - A morphometric study of the pallid mutant mouse inner ear. AB - Mice homozygous for the mutant gene pallid (pa/pa) often lack otoconia in some or all of their maculae and are used to study the influences of gravity receptor hypostimulation on vestibular-related behaviors. Since the value of this animal model is based on the assumption that the vestibular sensorineural elements are normal, a morphometric analysis was done on the inner ear of these otoconia deficient mice to see whether sensori-neural structures are also affected by the pallid gene. In pallid mice lacking all otoconia, the sensory epithelia of the utricle, saccule, and semicircular canal cristae were the same size as in their heterozygous (pa/+) controls. Although the superior and inferior divisions of the vestibular ganglion of the pallid mice were smaller than normal, the first-order neurons within these divisions were normal in size, number, and density. However, the superior divisions in both groups had larger neurons than did the inferior divisions. Within the pallid cochlea, first-order auditory neurons within the spiral ganglion were smaller than normal, but the scala media was larger. Since the significant vestibular influences of the pallid gene are limited primarily to the otoconia, behavioral abnormalities reported for these otoconia-deficient mice are apparently due only to gravity receptor hypostimulation. PMID- 6605097 TI - Congenital self-healing histiocytosis-X. AB - Histiocytosis-X (H-X) is heterogeneous clinically, varying from localized benign forms to disseminated fatal forms, but has a relatively uniform and specific pathologic appearance, both by light and electron microscopy. H-X localized to bone or lung has long been recognized. Much less frequent are patients with H-X localized to skin. We report two infants with congenital self-healing H-X, clinically confined to the skin. Prediction of the clinical course from the histology of a H-X lesion is unreliable, especially for cutaneous lesions. We feel that patients with localized forms of H-X should be followed closely for progression of disease but should not be treated aggressively until time is allowed for spontaneous resolution. PMID- 6605099 TI - Temperature gradients in cardiac surgical patients--a comparison of halothane and fentanyl. AB - Narcotics and potent inhalation anesthetics have different effects on thermoregulation and the distribution of body heat. This study was designed to compare the effect of halothane vs fentanyl anesthesia on temperature gradients developed during and after hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Twenty-two adult patients undergoing coronary artery surgery were given either fentanyl (100 micrograms/kg) or halothane (0.5-1.5%) and oxygen. Thermistor probes were inserted in rectum, esophagus, and deltoid muscle. Surface temperatures were measured on the ring finger and upper arm. All patients were cooled during cardiopulmonary bypass to 28 degrees C, and ambient temperature was maintained at 22-23 degrees C. The times to cool and rewarm were comparable in both groups. Rectal, esophageal, and skin temperatures had not reached equilibrium by 60 min after bypass, but changes in temperature were virtually identical at all sites in both groups. Regardless of differences in the effects of halothane and fentanyl on hormonal responses, blood flow, or central thermoregulation, their net effects on body temperature were the same. PMID- 6605100 TI - Inhalational anesthesia for coronary revascularization. PMID- 6605101 TI - Detection of immune complexes in serum of dogs with neoplastic disease by solid phase C1q binding, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - A solid-phase C1q-binding assay for detection of serum immune complexes (IC) was modified for an enzyme-linked immunosorbent antibody method. The IC values were measured in sera from 25 clinically normal dogs and 74 dogs with histologically confirmed neoplastic disease. Serum IC values were expressed in micrograms of heat-aggregated canine immunoglobulin per milliliter that would produce equivalent binding under the same assay conditions. The IC concentrations in sera from normal dogs and dogs with neoplastic disease (mean +/- SD) were 98 +/- 45 and 701 +/- 1,409 micrograms of aggregated canine immunoglobulin G equivalents/ml, respectively. Concentrations in the clinically normal group appeared to be distributed normally and clustered around the middle range of IC values. Dogs with neoplasms had IC values with an irregular distribution, and in general, more dogs had high and low concentrations of IC compared with those in the clinically normal group. PMID- 6605102 TI - Identification of canine T lymphocytes by membrane receptor to peanut agglutinin: T-lymphocyte identification in dogs with lupus-like syndrome. AB - Canine T lymphocytes were detected, using fluorescent peanut agglutinin (PNA) as a marker. Using a fluorescent technique and cytofluorometry, 70 +/- 11% and 72.4%, respectively, of peripheral blood lymphocytes were bound to PNA. Of thymocytes, 97 +/- 4.5% were detected by fluorescent PNA, but less than 1% were detected for lymphocytes from bone marrow. The T-lymphocyte depletion and enrichment indicated that PNA was bound to lymphocytes recognized by anti-T lymphocyte heterologous serum. A T-lymphocyte deficiency was detected among 8 dogs with a lupus-like syndrome. PMID- 6605103 TI - The effect of heparin on stress ulcer formation in rats. AB - The effect of heparin on acute gastric hemorrhagic lesions in rats induced by cold restraint stress was examined in relation to dose responsiveness. Prestress heparin with intravenous injection of either 50 or 500 U/Kg significantly reduced gastric bleeding (P less than 0.01). Treatment with the former dose inhibited the formation of gastric ulceration (P less than 0.01). Heparin poststress with both doses did not significantly affect either gastric bleeding or ulceration. In contrast, both heparin prestress and poststress at 5000 U/Kg intravenously markedly enhanced gastric bleeding (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01, respectively). The results encourage the use of low-heparin prophylaxis for stress ulcers in patients at high risk, and support the concept of a thrombotic etiology for this disease. PMID- 6605105 TI - Lymphocytic subsets in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. PMID- 6605104 TI - Pneumonia and acute febrile tracheobronchitis due to haemophilus influenzae. AB - Of 30 patients with pneumonia due to Haemophilus influenzae, 26 had infection due to nontypable and 4 due to typable organisms. Biotype I isolates were implicated with surprising frequency. Blood cultures were positive in six patients. An additional 14 patients, all with nontypable H. influenzae infection, had febrile purulent tracheobronchitis that was clinically indistinguishable from pneumonia except for the absence of a radiographic infiltrate; none were bacteremic. Penicillin susceptibility was shown for 95% of isolates, and response to ampicillin was prompt. Patients had high serum levels of bactericidal antibody on admission but had lower levels of serum opsonizing activity against their own organism than did uninfected carriers with chronic bronchitis; 2 to 3 weeks later, levels of opsonizing antibody had risen to equal those of carriers. Deficient opsonizing activity may have contributed to susceptibility to infection. These findings identify both host and bacterial factors that may cause susceptibility to pulmonary infection from H. influenzae. PMID- 6605106 TI - [Hypertensive forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia]. AB - The authors describe the principal clinical and biological features of congenital adrenal hyperplasia with hypertension with respect to their own experience and a review of the literature: a beta-11-hydroxylase deficiency is well-known, an alpha-17-hydroxylase deficiency is exceptionally rare. Several clinical and biological advances are discussed in the light of recent studies. PMID- 6605108 TI - [Value of the transjugular approach to embolization of esophageal varices in digestive system hemorrhage caused by portal hypertension]. PMID- 6605107 TI - [Treatment of hypertensive forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia]. AB - The treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (hypertensive forms) is based, as in the other forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, on corticosteroid therapy. The choice of drug, dosage, precocity, clinical and biological surveillance, are analysed in turn. The results on pubertal development, adult size, gonad development in the 11-betahydroxylase deficit type, are considered in the light of recent studies. The treatment of the 17-alpha-hydroxylase type is also based on the inhibition of glucocorticoid secretion. Results are satisfactory in the few cases published. PMID- 6605109 TI - Detection of antibodies to histones in human systemic lupus erythematosus and in murine lupus-like syndromes using micro-ELISA. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent microassay (micro-ELISA) was improved for the detection of anti-histone antibodies. Detection of these antibodies in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic sclerodermitis sclerosis (SCL), showed a positive correlation between the presence of antinuclear antibodies detected by indirect immunofluorescence and the level of anti-histone antibodies (p less than or equal to 0.02) having anti-H1 (p less than or equal to 0.001) and anti-H2B (p less than or equal to 0.01) specificities. These antibodies were more frequently detected, and at a higher level, in human SLE than in RA and SCL. Anti-H1 and anti-H2B (and less frequently anti-H3) antibodies were also found in mice with lupus-like syndrome (MRL/1, PN and Swan). Their level rose with age and they were prevalent in the severe forms, especially in MRL/1 and PN. PMID- 6605110 TI - Cerebellar blood flow and metabolism in cerebral hemisphere infarction. AB - Positron emission tomography was used to study the effect of supratentorial infarction on cerebellar metabolic rate for oxygen and cerebellar blood flow. In a control group of patients, the mean cerebellar metabolic rate for oxygen was 2.97 +/- 0.11 (standard error of the mean [SEM] ) ml-1 . min-1 . hg-1 and mean cerebellar blood flow was 41.1 +/- 1.5 ml . min-1 . hg-1. No significant right left asymmetry in either cerebellar metabolic rate for oxygen or cerebellar blood flow was noted. Patients with frontal lobe infarction showed 16.8 +/- 1.8% (cerebellar metabolic rate for oxygen) and 19.6 +/- 2.1% (cerebellar blood flow) differences between cerebellar hemispheres, with the hemisphere contralateral to the cerebral infarction having the lower values. These differences were highly significant (p less than 0.001). In addition, cerebellar blood flow and cerebellar metabolic rate for oxygen were significantly decreased in the ipsilateral cerebellar hemisphere (metabolism: 2.13 +/- 0.19 ml . min-1 . hg-1; p less than 0.002; blood flow: 35.2 +/- 2.4 ml . min-1 . hg-1; p less than 0.05). Patients with parietooccipital infarction also showed a significant bilateral decrease in cerebellar metabolic rate for oxygen (2.43 +/- 0.11 ml . min-1 . hg 1) and cerebellar blood flow (34.6 +/- 2.5 ml . min-1 . hg-1) relative to control subjects, but no significant cerebellar asymmetry. Our findings demonstrate a general depression of cerebellar blood flow and metabolism from cerebral hemisphere infarction unrelated to the site of infarction as well as a specific depression occurring contralateral to infarction involving the frontal lobe. These are among the first quantitative data concerning regional cerebellar metabolic rates for oxygen and cerebellar blood flow in humans. PMID- 6605111 TI - [Mechanism of natural penicillin resistance in the causative agent of tularemia]. AB - beta-Lactamase and penicillinacylase were detected in the tularemia causative agent. These enzymes participated in the mechanism of natural resistance of the microorganisms to penicillins. It was shown that the growth temperature had a significant effect on the beta-lactamase activity. The penicillin resistance marker was not eliminated with the use of acridine orange, ethidium bromide or sodium dodecylsulfate. PMID- 6605112 TI - Antibacterial activity of cefoperazone alone and in combination against cephalosporinase-producing Enterobacter cloacae. AB - The activity of cefoperazone against a strain with an inducible cephalosporinase and a mutant that produces the enzyme constitutively indicates that the low inducer activity of this antibiotic plays an important role in its activity against Enterobacter cloacae. PMID- 6605113 TI - Kinetic mechanism of argininosuccinate synthetase. AB - The kinetic mechanism of bovine liver argininosuccinate synthetase has been determined at pH 7.5. The initial velocity and product and dead-end inhibition patterns are consistent with the ordered addition of MgATP, citrulline, and aspartate, followed by the ordered release of argininosuccinate, MgPPi, and AMP. The mechanism is also in accord with the formation of citrulline-adenylate as a reactive intermediate [O. Rochovansky, and S. Ratner, (1967) J. Biol. Chem. 242, 3839-3849]. No evidence was obtained for nonlinear double-reciprocal plots with any of the three substrates. PMID- 6605114 TI - [Effect of human lymphoblast interferon in adult T-cell leukemia and non Hodgkin's lymphoma]. AB - Four patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and 4 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated with alpha-type interferon (Human Lymphoblastoid Interferon: HLBI). Treatment regimen consisted of 3 to 12 million units (MU) of HLBI given intramuscularly once daily. The total dose varied from 36 to 520 MU. Complete remissions were obtained in one of 4 patients with ATL and one of 3 patients with B-cell lymphoma. A partial remission was yielded in one patient with B-cell lymphoma. An overall response rate (CR + PR) was 37.5%. Toxicity included flu-like symptoms, myelosuppression, G-I tract symptoms, fatigue, high fever and hepatic disturbance. On the basis of this study, we have concluded that HLBI is effective for the treatment of ATL and B-cell lymphoma. PMID- 6605115 TI - Unemployment, birthweight, and growth in the first year. AB - In a cross sectional sample of 655 Glasgow babies the mean birthweight, after adjusting for other factors, of those with unemployed fathers was 150 g less (P less than 0.02) than for babies whose fathers were employed. A longitudinal study of 107 babies from 2 contrasting areas in Glasgow one of which was a socially deprived area was carried out concurrently. The deficit in length of 2.6% for infants from the deprived area at age 12 months was completely explained by adjusting for length at 1 month, father's height, and father's employment status (P less than 0.01). The effect of unemployment on the babies' birthweight was not affected by adjustment for social class. Unemployment may be related to poor infant growth in inner city areas and a national study is needed to see if the recent rise in unemployment has affected this association. PMID- 6605117 TI - [Modification of digestive transit by an anti-inflammatory analgesic (isonixin) and its re-establishment by metoclopramide]. PMID- 6605116 TI - Concentration of placental protein 10 (PP10) in maternal serum and amniotic fluid throughout normal gestation and in pregnancy complicated by fetal growth retardation. AB - PP10, a new placental glycoprotein, was studied by a specific and sensitive double-antibody radioimmunoassay in maternal serum and other body fluids throughout pregnancy. The mean value of serum PP10 in healthy nonpregnant individuals was approximately 10 microU/l. During normal pregnancy it rose to 3,500 microU/l. The rate of rise was obtained from 78 normal pregnancies with 279 single assay values from weeks 6-40. The shape of the curve resembled that for other placental proteins (HPL, SP1). PP10 levels in amniotic fluid were measured in 145 samples from weeks 13-55 of normal pregnancies and at term. The mean concentration was 500 microU/l until week 18 and then rose slowly. Cord blood contained only trace amounts. PP10 was not found in maternal urine. The concentration in maternal serum and amniotic fluid was higher in twin pregnancies than in singleton pregnancies. In 46 cases with low birth weights the PP10 levels in maternal serum were significantly lower than normal. Simultaneous measurements of PP10 and E3, HPL and SP1 were made in 17 individual follow-up's. PP10 was comparable with E3 and appeared to be better than HPL and SP1 in predicting intrauterine fetal growth retardation. PMID- 6605118 TI - Penicillamine-induced myasthenia in rheumatoid arthritis: its clinical and genetic features. AB - The clinical features and genetic background of 18 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were investigated following the development of penicillamine-induced myasthenia (PIM). The initial myasthenia symptoms in all patients consisted of variable diplopia and/or ptosis with progression to a more generalized involvement in 7 of them. No clinical, humoral, or genetic factor was determined which would allow identification of individuals developing generalized as opposed to ocular myasthenia. Withdrawal of penicillamine was associated over 4-60 weeks with a slow resolution of symptoms, facilitated in 12 patients by the use of anticholinesterase agents. In 2 patients a persistent partial unilateral ptosis remains after 15 and 25 months, while in a further patient diplopia is present 42 months after resolution of the other myasthenic symptoms. The patients with PIM when compared with a healthy 'control' population had a significant increase in HLA Dr1 (p corr less than 0.005) and an absence of HLA Dr 3. A genetic susceptibility to the development of PIM, distinct from that observed in myasthenia gravis of spontaneous onset, is suggested by this abnormal distribution of HLA Dr antigens. PMID- 6605119 TI - Acute-phase proteins and serum immunoglobulins in ankylosing spondylitis. AB - The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and the serum acute-phase proteins (APP), C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, 9th component of complement (C9), and alpha, antitrypsin were measured on 231 occasions in 80 patients with ankylosing spondylitis and compared with those in 30 controls. APP levels did not correlate with clinical assessment of disease activity. However, there were significant correlations between CRP, C9, and fibrinogen (p = less than 0.01), suggesting that these APP may be more reliable indicators of disease activity. The mean values of the APP in those patients with a peripheral arthritis were significantly higher than in those with pelvospondylitis alone for ESR (p less than 0.01), CRP (p less than 0.01), and fibrinogen (p less than 0.05). The only significant difference between those patients with an iritis and those with only pelvospondylitis was an elevated CRP in the iritis group (p less than 0.01). This suggests that a peripheral arthritis is the most important cause of an elevated ESR or APP in ankylosing spondylitis. Serum immunoglobulins were also measured and they showed a significant elevation of IgA in all 3 patients groups, there being no difference between each group. Serum IgG was raised only in those patients with an iritis or peripheral arthritis, the IgM levels being within the normal range for all patient groups. PMID- 6605120 TI - HLA DR alloantigens in different subsets of patients with Sjogren's syndrome and in family members. AB - Patients with Sjogren's syndrome alone (Ss), Sjogren's syndrome with rheumatoid arthritis (Ss-RA), and Sjogren's syndrome with Raynaud's phenomenon (Ss-RP) were typed for the HLA DR and MT antigens. Ss-RA patients had higher frequencies of HLA DR4 than did Ss patients. HLA-DR4 was also increased in frequency in patients with Ss-RP. This group of patients also showed increases in frequencies of HLA DR3. MT2 frequencies were elevated in all 3 patient groups, while MT1 was only increased in Ss. Three families with multiple individuals with Sjogren's syndrome were typed for HLA antigens. The affected individuals inherited unique combinations of haplotypes, suggesting the possibility of haplotype interaction in predisposition to disease. PMID- 6605121 TI - Thrombocytosis of active rheumatoid disease. AB - Two cross-sectional and one longitudinal study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed that platelet number correlated with both clinical and laboratory parameters of disease activity, including erythrocyte sedimentation rate, zeta sedimentation ratio, viscosity of plasma and blood, white cell count, liver enzymes, rheumatoid factor, and several acute-phase proteins. There was also an inverse relationship between platelet number and the haemoglobin and serum albumin levels. III Indium-labelled platelet survival was reduced in 4 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis despite a raised platelet count, with labelled platelets being localised to inflamed joints in the 2 patients studied. Platelet aggregation was normal. We suggest that the raised platelet count of active rheumatoid arthritis may be a useful index of disease activity and may represent a bone marrow stress (syndrome) response to shortened platelet survival, with platelet sequestration occurring in areas of synovial inflammation. PMID- 6605123 TI - Trends in selection and results of coronary artery operations. PMID- 6605122 TI - Enhancing the anti-dumping effect of Roux gastrojejunostomy with intestinal pacing. AB - We wondered whether Roux gastrojejunostomy alone or with intestinal pacing would slow gastric emptying and ameliorate the dumping syndrome after truncal vagotomy and subtotal distal gastrectomy. In five conscious dogs with vagotomy and distal gastrectomy, the Roux loop alone slowed gastric emptying of 100 ml 5% glucose instillates, but not of 100 ml 25% glucose instillates, while pacing the loop backwards slowed emptying of both. Pacing also decreased the postcibal hemoconcentration and hyperglycemia found after the 25% instillates. However, pacing did not alter the postprandial hyper-GIP-emia (gastric inhibitory peptide) and hyperinsulinemia found in Roux gastrectomy dogs, suggesting that pacing worked by slowing emptying of glucose rather than by releasing enteric hormones. Although pacing did not stimulate jejunal action potentials (contractions), the greater the number of action potentials occurring during pacing, the more the slowing (r = .738, p less than .001). We concluded that the combination of Roux gastrojejunostomy and pacing ameliorated postgastrectomy dumping in dogs. The tests provide a basis for treating humans with postgastrectomy dumping. PMID- 6605124 TI - Trends in selection and results of coronary artery reoperations. AB - The first 1,000 patients undergoing isolated coronary artery reoperation were divided into four cohorts of 250 patients each: 1969 to 1976; 1976 to 1979; 1979 to 1981; and 1981 into 1982. Graft failure as an indication for reoperation rose from 26% in Group 1 to 40% in Group 4, and the interval lengthened from 17 to 61 months, presumably a result of late closures 5 to 10 years postoperatively. Progressive atherosclerosis in previously ungrafted vessels has decreased from 62% in Group 1 to 23% in Group 4, a decline attributed to more complete revascularization initially. The frequency of three-vessel disease, stenosis of the left main coronary artery, and left ventricular impairment continues to rise in candidates for reoperation. Yet, operative mortality has declined from 5% to 2%, and most other forms of perioperative morbidity have decreased significantly when the early years are compared with the later experience. The number of grafts per patient has increased from 1.4 to 2.3, and complete revascularization in reoperations has increased from 65% to 76%. After a mean of 29 months, graft patency was 81% overall in 154 patients restudied after reoperation. Patency was similar for grafts to arteries previously involved with graft failure and to arteries not previously grafted. Five-year actuarial survival for patients in the first three cohorts (mean, 57 months) was 89%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6605125 TI - Neurological complications of coronary revascularization. AB - In a series of 3,206 consecutive coronary artery bypass procedures performed between 1976 and 1981, 89 patients died (2.8% mortality) and 32 patients (1%) suffered major neurological syndromes. Among the latter patients, four distinct groups were identified. Group 1 consisted of 10 patients who remained unresponsive after operation. In Group 2 were 10 patients who awakened after operation but had clinical evidence of focal cerebral infarction. Group 3 included 6 patients who were initially intact neurologically but in whom neurological deficits later developed. In Group 4 were 6 patients who had severe mental aberration but no focal neurological deficits. The incidence of coma or focal deficit occurring without a lucid interval (Groups 1 and 2) was 0.62%, and these patients had a 30% mortality. Causative factors were suspected in 70% of the patients in Groups 1 and 2, and included atheromatous embolism, perioperative hypotension, carotid artery occlusive disease and air embolism. The outcome was poor for unresponsive patients, with 70% dying or remaining comatose, but nearly all of the patients with focal deficits or severe mental aberration demonstrated notable improvement. PMID- 6605126 TI - Persistent atrial activity during cardioplegic arrest: a possible factor in the etiology of postoperative supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. AB - We assessed the relationship between the duration of atrial activity during the cross-clamp period and the postoperative occurrence of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias in 50 patients undergoing elective coronary bypass operation. The atrial electrical activity was monitored continuously by means of a bipolar atrial electrogram from the onset of cardioplegic administration until removal of the aortic cross-clamp. While ventricular arrest was induced promptly and maintained in all patients, sustained atrial activity was observed in 44 out of 50 patients during the cross-clamp period. In the postoperative period, supraventricular tachyarrhythmias developed in 15 patients (Group 1). Thirty-five patients (Group 2) were free from such tachyarrhythmias. There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to cross-clamp time, bypass time, amount of cardioplegic solution used, or number of grafts per patient. The mean duration of atrial activity during cardioplegic arrest, however, was significantly longer in Group 1 than in Group 2 (46 +/- 4.7 minutes versus 22.6 +/- 4.0 minutes, respectively, p less than 0.001). None of the 6 patients in whom atrial activity was completely abolished experienced supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. The strong correlation observed between the duration of atrial activity during cardioplegic arrest and the incidence of postoperative supraventricular tachyarrhythmias suggests the possibility that these arrhythmias may be a manifestation of inadequate atrial protection during global myocardial ischemia. PMID- 6605127 TI - Relative efficacy of left ventricular venting and venous drainage techniques commonly used during coronary artery bypass graft surgery. AB - Sixty patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease undergoing coronary artery bypass graft operation were prospectively randomized into one of six equal groups based on the intraoperative method of left ventricular venting and venous drainage. Group 1 had bicaval venous drainage without snaring and left ventricular venting through the superior pulmonary vein; Group 2, two-stage venous drainage and venting as in Group 1; Group 3, bicaval venous drainage without snaring and no left ventricular vent; Group 4, two-stage venous drainage and no left ventricular vent; Group 5, bicaval venous drainage without snaring and with ascending aortic venting through a catheter; and Group 6, two-stage venous drainage and venting as in Group 5. Left ventricular performance was determined by radionuclide ventriculography from which global ejection fraction and regional wall motion were determined. Cardiac output was obtained by the thermodilution technique. Myocardial temperature was assessed by a needle thermistor during aortic cross-clamping. Serial electrocardiograms and levels of myocardial-specific isoenzymes (serum CPK-MB) were also analyzed. Each of the techniques tested was equally effective as determined by an analysis of intraoperative myocardial cooling and postoperative hemodynamic profiles, radionuclide ventriculography, and ECG or enzymatic evidence of myocardial damage. However, we maintain that this conclusion is valid only if adequate ventricular decompression is provided intraoperatively. PMID- 6605128 TI - Transient immunoglobulin and antibody production. Occurrence in two patients with common varied immunodeficiency. AB - Two patients with common varied immunodeficiency both had increased immunoglobulin responses for a limited period of time on acquiring a bacterial infection. In one patient a relatively short-lived high-antibody response was produced on vaccination with tetanus toxoid. Although the patients varied in their course of immunoglobulin and/or antibody production, our results demonstrate that some patients with common varied immunodeficiency are able to produce both under certain circumstances. PMID- 6605129 TI - Pneumocystis with normal chest X-ray film and arterial oxygen tension. Early diagnosis in a patient with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - A patient with Kaposi's sarcoma and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome became acutely febrile and dyspneic. Although chest roentgenograms and findings from arterial blood oxygenation studies were normal, bronchoscopy disclosed heavy Pneumocystis carinii infection. The patient was treated with trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole with a rapid clinical response. It has been distinctly unusual to diagnose Pneumocystis without roentgenographic or blood gas abnormalities. Pneumocystis infection probably occurs as a wide spectrum of disease ranging from subclinical infection to frank pneumonitis. In the appropriate clinical setting, clinically significant Pneumocystis infection may be diagnosed despite the absence of an infiltrate or hypoxemia and early treatment may be beneficial. PMID- 6605130 TI - Multiple autoimmune manifestations in a splenectomized subject with HLA-B8. AB - Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura developed in a 31-year-old man, and he underwent a splenectomy because of his failure to respond to steroid therapy. Subsequently, during a six-year follow-up, chronic active hepatitis, Coombs' positive hemolytic anemia, and pulmonary interstitial fibrosis developed. Since such a clustering of autoimmune manifestations in a single subject is unusual, possible contributing factors were sought. We suggest that both the splenectomy and the histocompatibility antigen HLA-B8, which the patient was found to carry, may have contributed to this rare clinical syndrome. PMID- 6605131 TI - [Reference tables of arm circumference from birth to 12 years of age for Argentinian girls and boys]. AB - Standards for arm circumference for Argentinian children from birth to twelve years are presented. Such tables were constructed with healthy children living in La Plata, Argentina, a city with prevalent universitary and administrative population. Two samples of children were utilized: one from a longitudinal study which included 121 girls and 129 boys, from the middle class level who were periodically measured from birth up to the 144th week; the other one derived from a cross-sectional study covering 897 girls and 892 boys aged four to twelve years. This second sample was obtained applying a probabilistic and stratified sampling method, and is representative of La Plata's population for that group of age. Approximately 70% of the children belonged to the upper and middle social class. Raw and smoothed selected centiles are presented and compared to other communities, both local and foreign. PMID- 6605132 TI - [Occurrence of severe striae in adolescents with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and 21-hydroxylation deficiency treated with dexamethasone]. AB - Dexamethasone has been proposed as therapy of congenital adrenal hyperplasia in adolescents with menstrual abnormalities. Seven patients previously treated with hydrocortisone (mean dosage of 26 mg/m2/day) or prednisone (6 mg/m2/day), received dexamethasone doses between 0.3 and 0.73 mg/m2/day during at least 4 months. Regular menses and satisfactory adrenal suppression were obtained in most cases, but the occurrence of severe striae, sometimes with excessive weight gain, led to the cessation of this treatment. Analysis of data indicate that glucocorticoid activity of dexamethasone is 50-90 times more potent than that of hydrocortisone. Its use, after cessation of growth, should be carefully monitored, starting with much lower doses when necessary. PMID- 6605133 TI - Synthesis of 5-aryl-12H-quinazolino[3,2-a]quinazolin-12-ones as antiinflammatory agents. PMID- 6605134 TI - Chromosome damage in heroin-marijuana and marijuana addicts. AB - The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of chromosome damage in heroin-marijuana addicts and marijuana addicts. A group of 45 subjects, aged between 19 and 21 years, was divided into 15 controls, 15 heroin-marijuana addicts and 15 marijuana addicts. These patients were examined for the presence of chromosome aberrations in their peripheral lymphocytes. The findings indicate that the incidence of chromosome anomalies in heroin-marijuana addicts is approximately 21.3 times greater than in the controls and approximately 7.9 times greater than in marijuana addicts. PMID- 6605135 TI - Action of ammonium meta vanadate on hepatic enzymes in vitro. AB - In an in vitro study with rat liver, ammonium meta vanadate (NH4VO3) was found to inhibit microsomal ketamine N-demethylation, lipid peroxidation, and hydrogen peroxide formation; to have no effects on 4-methylaminoantipyrine N-demethylation and on glucuronyltransferase I activity, and to enhance glucuronyltransferase II. Mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome c reductase were inhibited but cytochrome oxidase activity was enhanced by ammonium vanadate. Ammonium meta vanadate increased malate dehydrogenase activity but had no effect on glutamate, lactate, glycerophosphate, isocitrate, glucose-6-phosphate, and 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenases. PMID- 6605136 TI - [Modality of the bush-like receptors]. AB - In an isolated preparation of the Rana temporaria urinary bladder after a simultaneous morphological and physiological investigation a, structural functional differentiation of free bushy receptors has been demonstrated. According to arborization character and to the appearance of deferent fibers, the receptors are divided into two types. The first type receptors have a simple structure, a long deferent poorly branching myelin fiber, terminating in a diffuse bush near blood vessels. The second type receptors are of a more complex structure. Their myelin fibers, when leaving the fasciculus, are 4-8 times shorter than the first type receptors, undergo dichotomic and trichotomic divisions several times, and in their distal part they form two initial myelin segments. Their receptory apparatus has a tree-like bush-shaped form and consists of several compact bushes. The impulse activity of the receptors is also characterized by two types of action potentials, differing in their amplitude. When responding to a mechanical stimulation, the high voltage impulse frequency changes, when sodium chloride concentration is increased, the low voltage impulse frequency changes. There is a certain localization of the zones in the preparation from which it is possible to obtain predominantly either low voltage or high voltage responses. The response to the low voltage reaction proves to be obtained from the first type receptors, and that to the high voltage reaction- from the second type receptors. Thus, in the frog, that is on a low phylogenetic stage, differentiation of the free bushy sensitive terminal into mechano- and chemoreceptors is already outlined. PMID- 6605137 TI - Choosing a sunscreen. PMID- 6605138 TI - [The immune system and its relation with infection process in children]. AB - The immune system was studied in 30 cases of local infection (pneumonia) and 56 cases of generalized infection (sepsis). Predominantly children with immunologic deficiency of the humoral type (77% of the cases) characterized by unscheduled fatty transformation of the thymus, underdevelopment of B-zones of lymphoid organs, low level of IgM production and the lack of IgG and IgA production were found to die with pneumonia, whereas children with physiological immaturity of the immune system and in smaller numbers (41% of the cases) with deficiency of immunity of the cellular and phagocytic type as confirmed by immaturity of the thymic tissue or its dysplasia with hypoplasia of lymphoid organs died with sepsis. Immunological deficiency of the humoral type is accompanied by suppurative destructive lesions of the respiratory organs, immunodeficiency of the cellular and phagocytic type by necrotic changes in the septic focus and mucous membranes of the organs contacting the environment. PMID- 6605139 TI - The fluorodeoxyglucose 18F scan in Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia. AB - Patients with Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia were studied with scans using fluorodeoxyglucose tagged with fluorine 18. The rates of glucose metabolism were calculated. Patients with Alzheimer's dementia showed decreased metabolism in all areas of the brain but with preferential sparing of the primary motor and sensory cortex. Patients with multi-infarct dementia also had global reductions in glucose metabolic rates when compared with normal control subjects, but the areas of hypometabolism were focal and asymmetric. PMID- 6605140 TI - Dellen associated with filtering blebs. PMID- 6605141 TI - A possible method to study transient effects of ototoxic agents on the vestibular system. AB - A method is described in which the direct influence of anoxia and ototoxic agents on the vestibular system can be studied. After fenestration of the lateral semicircular canal in pigeons, a vestibular whole nerve action potential (VAP) could be recorded during acoustic stimulation. The cochlear whole nerve action potential (CAP) was recorded simultaneously. The influence of ototoxic agents and anoxia upon the amplitude of these action potentials was studied. PMID- 6605142 TI - Technological advances in radiology. AB - This overview examines the principles underlying modern diagnostic imaging techniques already in use and those expected in the near future. As new techniques have become accepted, older ones such as air studies have been dispensed with. Although many of the new modes appear expensive, they give the doctor an opportunity to effect large cost savings to the community if he employs them wisely. PMID- 6605143 TI - The immune status of Singapore children to hepatitis B virus. AB - In a cross-sectional survey of hepatitis B immune status, 458 consecutive children below the age of 12 years were studied. 37.3% of these children were positive for one of three markers, HBSAg, anti-HBS or anti-HBC. 15.5% were positive for two and 1.3% were positive for all three. 10.9% were positive for HBSAg, 27.8% for anti-HBC and 19.6% for anti-HB2. The males showed a higher HBSAg carrier rate than the females, 13.5% and 6.8% respectively. This difference was significant (p less than 0.05). This study confirmed that the Singaporeans were exposed to hepatitis B virus infection from very early in life and in order to prevent the infection, immunisation should be considered in early childhood. PMID- 6605144 TI - Patterns of illness in an infant population in a poor socio-economic status multi ethnic municipality. AB - The prevalence and patterns of illness and behavioural disturbances in a birth cohort of 273 infants followed longitudinally are reported. Four percent of infants showed serious morbidity, due to congenital abnormality, chronic illness or gross psychosocial disturbance in the family. Episodic and continuing or recurrent illness was common, but caused little serious morbidity and did not impair growth. Behavioural disturbances manifested by feeding, crying and sleeping difficulties were also common, 22% of all infants being moderately affected and 13% severely affected. Mothers were more concerned by these disturbances than by organic illness. The findings of illness in infants in this study were similar to those of a recent New Zealand study but differ from older overseas studies in which serious infective illness with high mortality was much more common. It is probable that these differences are largely explained by improvement in living conditions. PMID- 6605145 TI - Etiological factors in space motion sickness. AB - We compared susceptibility to motion sickness during exposure to sudden-stop stimulation as a function of gravitoinertial force level. Our findings show that susceptibility is greatly enhanced, both with eyes-closed and eyes-open, for zero g and 2-g conditions in parabolic flight compared with 1-g test conditions. The change in susceptibility is likely related to three factors: alterations in vestibulo-ocular function which result from variations in gravitoinertial force level (28,29); the altered pattern of otolithic activity resulting during variations in gravitoinertial force level; and the altered canal-otolith response synergies that result during exposure to gravitoinertial force levels greater or less than terrestrial levels. These factors are shown to be related to the etiology of space motion sickness and to the alterations in performance and vestibular function that are experienced by astronauts during reentry. An explanation is also proposed for the decrease in susceptibility to motion sickness exhibited by the Skylab astronauts inflight and for some period postflight during exposure to cross-coupled angular accelerations. PMID- 6605146 TI - Purification of primate T cell growth factor to apparent homogeneity by reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography: evidence for two highly active molecularly distinct species. AB - T cell growth factor produced by the MLA144 gibbon ape lymphosarcoma T lymphocyte line was separated into two molecular forms of Mr 16,300 and Mr 14,300 which were purified 32,000-fold and 82,000-fold, respectively, and which in combination constitute the majority of biological activity of the starting material. The overall recovery of biological activity was 50%. This was accomplished with a series of chromatographic steps including reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography. The purified proteins are of comparable specific activities and each maintains the DNA synthesis of T cell growth factor-dependent human T cell lines at concentrations of less than approximately 18 pM (300 fg/ml). PMID- 6605147 TI - Suppression of T-lymphocyte cytotoxicity following exposure to sinusoidally amplitude-modulated fields. AB - Significant inhibition of allogeneic cytotoxicity of the target cell MPC-11 by the murine cytotoxic T-lymphocyte line CTLL-1 was observed when the 4-h cytotoxicity assay was conducted in the presence of a 450-MHz field sinusoidally amplitude-modulated at 60 Hz. Exposure of the effector cells to the field prior to adding them to the target cells in the cytolytic assay resulted in a similar inhibition, suggesting a direct interaction of the field with the cytolytic T lymphocyte. The inhibition was preferentially expressed during the early allogeneic recognition phase. Field-exposed cytolytic cells recovered their full cytolytic capacity in 12.5 h. A differential susceptibility was observed with modulation frequencies from 0 to 100 Hz. Peak suppression occurred at 60 Hz modulation, with progressively smaller effects at 40, 16, and 3 Hz. The unmodulated carrier wave did not affect the cytotoxicity. Effects with 80- and 100-Hz modulation were smaller than at 60 Hz. These results demonstrate an inhibitory but recoverable effect by certain amplitude modulations of weak nonionizing radiation upon the cell-mediated cytolytic immune response. PMID- 6605148 TI - Homozygous C2 deficiency, lupus erythematosus, and anti-Ro (SSA) antibodies. PMID- 6605149 TI - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia following methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6605150 TI - [Biotransformation und pharmacokinetics of beta-methyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4 propanenitrile (LU 20884) in rats. Studies on biotransformation]. AB - The metabolism of the antiphlogistic beta-methyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-propanenitrile (LU 20884) was investigated in urine after oral application in male Wistar-rats. Metabolite with the major share was alpha-hydroxy-4'-methoxy-alpha-methyl[1,1' biphenyl]- 4-aceticacidmethylester, which could be identified by mass and 1H-NMR spectroscopy as derivative of diazomethane. Furthermore the following metabolites could be detected as 4'-methoxy-beta-methyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-propanoicmethylester and propanenitrile. PMID- 6605151 TI - H-Y antigen entrance into the immune system: relationship between lymphokine release, proliferation, cytotoxicity and delayed hypersensitivity. AB - In this paper we tested in parallel lymphokine release, proliferation, cytotoxicity and delayed hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions to H-7 antigen in high responder C57Bl/6 female mice. In vivo priming and in vitro restimulation are required in order to activate all the in vitro T-lymphocyte functions, and the ability to locally transfer DTH reactions. By contrast, a discrepancy is found between in vitro and in vivo tests of T-lymphocyte reactivity. In primed mice DTH reactions are evident, whereas no in vitro reactivity to H-Y is detectable. PMID- 6605152 TI - [Effects of temperature on postsynaptic potentials at the cyto-neural junctions of the frog semicircular canal]. AB - An analysis of the EPSPs recorded intracellularly from single fibres of the VIII nerve revealed that the resting release of chemical transmitter at the cyto neural junctions in the sensory organ of frog semicircular canals displays a rather low temperature dependence. This provides evidence that, in labyrinthine receptors, the resting activity is actually "evoked" in nature. A comparison between the discharge of EPSPs and propagated spikes in the VIII nerve fibres has shown that the "encoders" of primary vestibular neurones are highly sensitive to temperature changes and irreversibly damaged at temperatures exceeding 28 degrees C. PMID- 6605153 TI - [Temperature dependence of electrical potentials in the frog semicircular canal]. AB - The temperature dependence of conversion processes in the sensory organ of frog semicircular canals has been tested in the range 0-28 degrees C by recording the ampullar (Adc) and nerve (Ndc) slow potentials as well as the afferent discharge of impulses (Nfr) in the VIII nerve fibres. The results have shown that Adc is scarcely affected by temperature changes (Q10 less than 2) thus suggesting that stimulus conversion in labyrinthine cells does not imply chemical processes but mainly potassium conductance changes at their apical membrane. By converse, postsynaptic potentials and propagated spikes are markedly reduced at low temperatures (Q10 2.8 and 7 respectively) and only slightly increased between 20 and 28 degrees C. These observations are interpreted by considering the chemical nature of the processes which are involved. The temperature dependence in labyrinthine receptor activation is discussed in the view of its physiological meaning. PMID- 6605154 TI - [Effect of niflumic acid on the non-acid transport of chlorides in the gastric mucosa of amphibians]. AB - The in vivo gastric mucosa actively transport Cl- (serosa to mucosa) and it has been shown that the e.m.f. generated by the epithelium, as well as the short circuit current are both manifestations of the same phenomenon: the Cl- movement. Also, it has been postulated the presence of a Cl- - HCO-3 exchange in the gastric epithelium probably located on different cell types. The addition of niflumic acid (10(-4) M in the serosal solution) resulted in a decline towards zero of both transepithelial p.d. and Isc. The mechanism of the niflumic acid action is postulated to be a blockage of the Cl- - HCO-3 exchange, similarly to the SITS action mechanism. PMID- 6605155 TI - [Electrophysiological study of frog eggs at different stages of development. I) Membrane potential and I/V relationship in the oocyte at the final stage of vitellogenesis]. AB - Variations of [K+]o have been found to influence the membrane potential in frog full-grown oocytes at a greater extent than other modifications in extracellular medium composition; however, the relationship between membrane potential and [K+]o was far from that expected for an ideal K electrode. The I/V relationship, as determined in current clamp conditions, displays an evident "inward-going" rectification at potentials more negative than -80, -90 mV as well as an evident "outward-going" rectification at potentials more positive than -20, -10 mV, thus suggesting the presence of voltage-dependent channels in this membrane. In the linearity range of the I/V relationship, Rm was found to be about 3 + 15 K omega cm2 and Cm about 20 + 30 microF/cm2. PMID- 6605156 TI - Myocardial blood flow and oxygen consumption during halothane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia for coronary revascularization. AB - The effects of halothane on myocardial blood flow and myocardial oxygen balance were studied in seven male patients with stable angina and normal left ventricular function. Patients were receiving maintenance doses of beta-receptor antagonists and underwent coronary artery bypass surgery. Anaesthesia consisted of halothane and 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen. Halothane decreased myocardial blood flow and myocardial oxygen consumption by 29% and 32%, respectively, after induction of anaesthesia, and during sternotomy. Myocardial lactate production was not observed at any time. Cardiac index, stroke volume index, mean arterial pressure and mean diastolic arterial pressure were decreased significantly after induction of anaesthesia and during sternotomy. Heart rate remained unchanged. The global myocardial oxygen supply and demand relationship was maintained. The results suggest that halothane is a safe anaesthetic for coronary revascularization in patients with unimpaired left ventricular function. PMID- 6605157 TI - Studies on the half-life of Schwangerschaftsprotein 1 (SP1). AB - Schwangerschaftsprotein 1 (SP1) was measured in 10 women at intervals after delivery of the placenta. SP1 alpha decreased more sharply than SP1 beta and showed evidence of a two-compartmental distribution in the mother. Trace amounts of both proteins could still be detected 5 weeks after delivery. It is concluded that the findings support the view that the two proteins are separate biological entities and that there is a possibility that SP1 beta is generated from SP1 alpha in the maternal compartment. PMID- 6605158 TI - Control of persistent primary postpartum haemorrhage due to uterine atony with intravenous prostaglandin E2. Case report. PMID- 6605159 TI - Action of heparin on the inhibition of thrombin by alpha 1-proteinase inhibition. AB - alpha 1-Proteinase inhibitor inhibits the action of thrombin while heparin is effective in relieving this inhibition. Kinetic analyses of the inhibition in the absence and presence of heparin were conducted by employing the p-nitroanilide of a synthetic peptide, S-2238, to determine residual thrombin activity. Under pseudo-first-order conditions, the rate of thrombin neutralization was proportional to alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor concentration up to the highest concentration of inhibitor employed, 94.6 microM. The second-order rate constant under the conditions studied was 6.64 X 10(3) M-1 min-1, and heparin was found to cause a decrease in the rate constant. On the basis of the concentrations used, the kinetics of thrombin inhibition, both in the absence and in the presence of heparin, can be described by a one-step reaction. The effect of heparin is due to its binding to thrombin. The degree to which heparin interferes with the rate of thrombin inhibition depends on its molecular weight but not on its anticoagulant activity. Thus, in the presence of 11.7K and 22K heparins the respective rate constants are 3.5 X 10 and 1.0 X 10(3) M-1 min-1. Additionally, the concentration of heparin required to produce a maximal decrease in reaction rate depends on the molecular weight of the heparin employed. PMID- 6605160 TI - Non-electrolyte diffusion across the frog gastric mucosa under osmotic gradients. AB - Serosal-to-mucosal and mucosal-to-serosal diffusion of 14C-labelled inulin, sucrose, erythritol and propionamide was compared with 3HHO diffusion in mucosae incubated with isosmotic solutions at both surfaces, as well as isosmotic solution at serosal surface and hyperosmotic solution at the mucosal surface. The use of a hyperosmotic solution at the mucosal surface significantly increases unidirectional diffusion fluxes of inulin and of sucrose. To a nonsignificant extent, it affects the fluxes of erythritol and propionamide and significantly reduces the 3HHO diffusion. A size increment of the diffusion path utilized by the larger molecules is proposed. PMID- 6605161 TI - Comparison of isotropic calcium signals from intact frog muscle fibers injected with Arsenazo III or Antipyrylazo III. AB - Intact single skeletal muscle fibers were micro-injected with either of the metallochromic indicator dyes Arsenazo III or Antipyrylazo III, and dye-related Ca2+ signals from each were measured during a twitch. In comparison with the Arsenazo III Ca2+ signal, the signal from Antipyrylazo III had three favorable features: (a) it was temporally faster, (b) its spectral dependence agreed with a cuvette calibration, and (c) its kinetic behavior was consistent with a single Ca2+ -dye stoichiometry. It is therefore suggested that the Antipyrylazo III Ca2+ signal is a more accurate monitor of the time course of the underlying myoplasmic free Ca2+ transient and one that may be more reliably calibrated. PMID- 6605163 TI - [Structural and immunomorphological characteristics of the human fetal appendix]. AB - Altogether 120 human 12-31 week-old embryonal appendices were examined by histological, histochemical and immunomorphological methods. It was demonstrated that the first lymphoid follicles in the appendix occur in a 17-week-old embryo. Beginning from this time mononuclear suspension can be isolated from the organ and T and B lymphocytes defined. The features of the intestinal mucosa areas where lymphocytes are reproduced, released into the intestinal lumen and eliminated from the organs via the vessels are described. In mononuclear suspension, T and B lymphocytes are demonstrated, first in equal amounts whereupon the percentage of B lymphocytes rises to 26%, while the T lymphocyte count remains within 18%. The authors do not regard the appendix as an analog of the Fabricius bursa but attribute it to the peripheral organs of the immunity system. PMID- 6605162 TI - Magnesium ion-dependent contraction of skinned frog muscle fibers in calcium-free solution. AB - Skinned frog fibers were reversibly activated in Ca-free solutions containing 0 mM KCl, 23 microM free Mg, and having an ionic strength of approximately 50 mM. Contractile force was nearly maximal at 22 degrees - 25 degrees C and decreased at lower temperatures. Maximal force in Ca-free solution at 50 mM ionic strength was close to twice the calcium-activated force with pCa 5 and 190 mM ionic strength. The force in Ca-free solution could be reduced to zero by raising the concentration of free Mg from 23 microM to 1.0 mM at the same ionic strength (50 mM). On stretching the fiber from 2.0 to 3.2 micron the force decreased; this effect was similar to that seen with Ca-activated fiber and the data support the idea that Ca-free tension is made at the cross-bridge level. Isotonic contraction during Ca-free activation showed a velocity transient as in Ca-activated fiber at 190 mM ionic strength, but the transient in the present case was very much prolonged. This finding suggests that contraction mechanisms for force generation and for shortening are essentially the same in the two conditions, but that certain rate constants of cross-bridge turnover are slower for the Ca-free contraction. Also, the results indicate that, in low ionic strength, Ca binding to thin filaments is not essential for unmasking the cross-bridge attachment sites, which suggests that the steric blocking mechanism is modified under these conditions. PMID- 6605164 TI - [Effect of armin on frog myelinated nerve fibers]. AB - Study of the action of armin on the nodes of Ranvier in isolated nerve fibers of the frog has demonstrated that armin at concentrations over 4 X 10(-7) M produces the growth of the input resistance of the nodes of Ranvier at the expense of the decreased leakage conduction. At concentrations of 4 X 10(-6) and 4 X 10(-5) armin leads to a shift of the firing level of action potentials towards more positive values. PMID- 6605165 TI - A variant of von Willebrand's disease characterized by recessive inheritance and missing triplet structure of von Willebrand factor multimers. AB - A 10-yr-old girl had bleeding symptoms of moderate severity; her mother and maternal aunt had milder bleeding symptoms, and other members of the kindred were asymptomatic. In the child, factor VIII coagulant activity (VIII:C) and von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag) were normal, ristocetin cofactor very low, and the bleeding time (BT) markedly prolonged. These values were normal in the rest of the kindred, but the mother and maternal aunt had prolonged BT and a high VIII:C/vWF:Ag ratio. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) showed a vWF:Ag peak migrating more anodally in the propositus, two distinct peaks, one migrating anodally, in the father, paternal uncle, and grandmother, and normal peaks in the rest of the kindred. In the propositus, analysis of vWF multimers in plasma on 1.6% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) agarose revealed that there were no larger multimers and there was a relative increase of the smallest multimer. This relative increase was also seen in her relatives with a double peak on CIE. Using gels of smaller porosity, each multimer of the propositus's plasma consisted of a single band, instead of the repeating triplet seen in normal and von Willebrand's disease varients types IIA and IIB. The abnormalities found in the propositus are tentatively interpreted as being due to double heterozygosity for two different genes. The defective gene carried by the father affects the triplet structure of vWF multimers, whereas a prolonged BT and a high VII:C/vWF:Ag ratio are the only phenotypic expressions of the defective gene of the mother. The findings of aberrant triplet structure in congenital vWD strengthen the view that this structure is an intrinsic feature of the normal vWF molecule. PMID- 6605166 TI - Evidence for the separate human T-lymphocyte subpopulations that collaborate with autologous monocyte/macrophages in the elaboration of colony-stimulating activity and those that suppress this collaboration. AB - We investigated the interaction of monocyte/macrophages and autologous T lymphocytes in the methanol extraction residue (MER) of BCG-induced production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity (CSA). Coincubation of monocyte/macrophages and T lymphocytes at a 1:3 ratio produces an optimum collaboration; a change to a 1:9 ratio diminished this collaboration. Coincubation of monocyte/macrophages and T lymphocytes primed with lithium carbonate (2 meq/liter) for 40 hr synergistically increased CSA elaboration and prevented the decline in CSA noted for the 1:9 monocyte/macrophage: T lymphocyte ratio. In contrast, concanavalin-A-primed T lymphocytes did not enhance CSA elaboration at any monocyte/macrophage:T lymphocyte ratio except, occasionally, at 1:9. However, this was overcome if the T lymphocytes were primed with both concanavalin-A and lithium carbonate before their coincubation with monocyte/macrophages. Further cell-mixing experiments revealed that concanavalin A-primed T lymphocytes contained a subpopulation that suppressed monocyte/macrophage and T-lymphocyte collaboration. Activation of suppressor T lymphocytes could be effectively prevented by lithium carbonate and, in a dose dependent manner, by irradiation. Also, suppressor T lymphocytes not only diminished the elaboration of colony-stimulating factor(s), but also elaborated an inhibitor of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells. We further demonstrated that the respective hemopoietic helper and suppressor T-lymphocyte activities could be enriched with OKT8- (or OKT4+) and OKT8+ subpopulations. PMID- 6605167 TI - Common ALL with pre-B-cell features showing (8;14) and (14;18) chromosome translocations. AB - A 21-yr-old man presented with inguinal lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. The peripheral blood showed a high blast cell count. The morphological and immunologic features of the blast cells were consistent with the diagnosis of common acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with 15% pre-B-cells. Banded karyotype analysis of the blood and the marrow cells, using the technique of methotrexate synchronization, revealed the presence of (8;14) and (14;18) chromosome translocations, a finding that has not been previously documented. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 6605168 TI - In vivo instability of red-blood-cell-bound C3d and C4d. AB - Until now, there have been no measurements of the in vivo stability of red-blood cell-bound C3d and C4d subfragments of the third and fourth components of human complement. We have recently described a radiolabeled antiantiglobulin method for measuring RBC-bound C3d and have demonstrated that small amounts of C3d are present on RBC of all normal subjects tested. In the present study, the method was applied to follow the increments above baseline of RBC-bound C3d and C4d produced by autotransfusing 3 normal volunteers with 160-200 ml of RBC strongly coated in vitro by C3d and C4d. Posttransfusion measurements were carried out over 21-34 days. Immediate and long-term in vivo survival of the transfused RBC was unimpaired by C3d and C4d coating. Of the bound C3d antigen, 85%-95% disappeared from circulating RBC in 5-8 days; the remainder disappeared more slowly, with half-times in the range of 8-29 days. C4d antigen disappeared substantially more slowly, describable by a single exponential function in 2 of the 3 subjects, with half-times in the range of 12-31 days. Recognition of the in vivo instability of RBC-bound C3d helps in interpreting steady-state and changing levels of RBC C3d coating in a variety of alloimmune and autoimmune disorders. PMID- 6605169 TI - Monoclonal antibody therapeutic trials in seven patients with T-cell lymphoma. AB - We have studied the clinical effects of a murine monoclonal anti-human T-cell antibody in seven patients with T-cell lymphoma. Four to 17 treatments with anti Leu-1 were given to each patient over periods of 14-75 days. Doses of antibody ranged from 250 micrograms to 100 mg. Antibody treatments usually caused a rapid fall in circulating T cells, with return to baseline levels within 24-48 hr. The optimum dose appeared to vary for each patient. Clearance of circulating tumor cells correlated with the amount of antibody bound to cells. Other than dyspnea in one patient, no serious toxicity was noted. Five patients had definite tumor responses, but these were of short duration (1.5-4 mo). Four patients developed anti-mouse immunoglobulin (Ig) antibodies, and in three patients, this was responsible for tumor escape from therapy. Although 95% of the host anti-mouse Ig response was directed against mouse Ig constant region determinants, a small but significant component was found to be antiidiotype. PMID- 6605170 TI - T cells subpopulations in untreated and treated patients with haemophilia A and B. PMID- 6605172 TI - Extravisceral diffuse infiltration of adult histiocytosis X demonstrated by CT. PMID- 6605171 TI - Curbing drug abuse in Iowa: one response to a growing problem. AB - The State of Iowa in the United States of America faced a growing drug-related problem, with cocaine abuse increasing in the cities and cannabis availability spreading to rural areas. The State also experienced a concomitant rise in crime, particularly by juveniles, which was demonstrably linked to the prevalence of illicit drugs. To counter these problems, Governor Robert Ray convened a State wide Crime Prevention Conference, provided help to communities in organizing drug abuse prevention programmes, proposed legislation to seize illegally gained assets and allocated additional funds to law-enforcement agencies for narcotics operations. The Governor's programme included, inter alia: (a) The establishment of a "crime stoppers" hot-line, providing a toll-free telephone number for citizens to report crime anonymously; (b) The outlawing of "look-alike" drugs, i.e. pills designed to look like controlled substances (usually amphetamines) but actually containing licit substances such as caffeine; (c) The outlawing of "turkey" substances, such as baking flour and detergent, which were not themselves illegal but which dealers sold as illegal substances to test whether a purchaser might be an undercover police officer; (d) The proposal for a criminal justice improvement fund to provide money to enhance State-wide law enforcement efforts. PMID- 6605173 TI - Liquid flood phantom uniformity variation. PMID- 6605174 TI - Review of results of four regimens for treatment of chronic non-bacterial prostatitis. AB - Review of the treatment of chronic non-bacterial prostatitis, defined by the presence of more than 500 leucocytes per mm3 in the expressed prostatic secretion (EPS), showed symptomatic response after 3 months of minocycline, trimethoprim, co-trimoxazole or diazepam. Reduction in the EPS cell count was most marked with minocycline, trimethoprim was less effective and poor results were obtained with co-trimoxazole and diazepam. In the absence of established treatment for chronic non-bacterial prostatitis it is suggested that antimicrobial therapy is worth consideration. PMID- 6605175 TI - Role of cations in olfactory reception. AB - The effects of changed ionic environments on the olfactory responses in the carp, the rainbow trout, and the bullfrog were examined by recording the stimulant induced waves from the olfactory bulb. (a) Application of stimulants (various species of amino acids and beta-ionone) dissolved in deionized water to the EDTA treated olfactory epithelium of the carp did not induce any response. The addition of various species of salts to the stimulating solution reversibly restored the response. (b) The responses of the carp to L-alanine in the presence of MgCl2 and MgSO4 and those in the presence of KCl and K4Fe(CN)6 are described by single curves, respectively, as a function of concentration of the cations, suggesting that the cations support olfactory reception. (c) All the inorganic cations examined (Li+, NH3+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Co2+, Mn2+, Cd2+) and organic cations (Tris+, choline+, bis-Tris propane2+) were effective to support the response of the carp, whereas TEA+, TBA+, triethanolamine+, and bis-Tris+ were ineffective. (d) The olfactory responses of the rainbow trout and the bullfrog were also reduced by removal of ions from the surface of the epithelia and recovered by addition of ions. (e) It is suggested that the cations do not act as current carriers across the apical olfactory cell membrane for the generation of the receptor potential. PMID- 6605176 TI - Reserpine-induced depletion of corticoliberin (CRF)-like immunoreactivity in the zona externa of the rat median eminence. AB - An acute reserpine treatment has the same selective and marked depleting effect on corticoliberin-like immunoreactivity as on vasopressin-like immunoreactivity in the rat zona externa of the median eminence. Somatostatin and gonadoliberin immunoreactivities appear unmodified. Reserpine effect is blocked by pretreatment with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (pargyline or tranylcypromine). Present results support the notion of an inhibitory role of monoamines, particularly catecholamines, on the release of corticoliberin. PMID- 6605177 TI - Serotonin mediates a slow excitatory potential in mammalian celiac ganglia. AB - Neuropharmacological and histochemical evidence presented here indicates that serotonin (5-HT) is the transmitter mediating one of the postsynaptic potentials in the guinea pig celiac ganglion. Repetitive nerve stimulation elicited in celiac neurons, in addition to the nicotinic fast excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP), a slow EPSP that was resistant to cholinergic antagonists. Application of 5-HT caused a depolarization with membrane characteristics similar to those of the slow EPSP; furthermore, the latter was reversibly suppressed by 5 HT. The slow depolarization evoked by either nerve stimulation or 5-HT was augmented by fluoxetine, a 5-HT reuptake blocker, and depressed by cyproheptadine, a 5-HT receptor blocker; in addition, tryptophan, a precursor of 5-HT, enhanced differentially the slow EPSP. Lastly, histochemical study revealed dense networks of 5-HT immunoreactive nerve fibers encircling many ganglionic neurons. PMID- 6605178 TI - Different time constants for optokinetic and vestibular nystagmus with a single velocity-storage element. AB - Models have been proposed for the combined optokinetic system and vestibulo ocular reflex that share a single, common, velocity-storage element that generates both optokinetic after-nystagmus and prolongs post-rotatory nystagmus. It has been thought by many that such a model requires the time course of these two types of nystagmus to be similar. The demonstration that vestibular or optokinetic habituation can selectively and significantly reduce the duration of each type of nystagmus without affecting that of the other has been taken to imply that the concept of shared velocity storage is incorrect. This need not be the case because post-rotatory nystagmus is described by two time constants, not one. Changes in the model's parameters can create time courses of this nystagmus that, when fit by single exponentials, have apparent time constants quite different from that of optokinetic after-nystagmus. Consequently, a common velocity-storage mechanism is still a tenable hypothesis for optokinetic and vestibular eye movements. PMID- 6605180 TI - [Epidural stimulation of the spinal cord in multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 6605179 TI - Dissociation between hypothalamic catecholamine levels and epinephrine-forming enzyme activity after midbrain hemitransections in the rat. AB - We found decreased catecholamine (norepinephrine and epinephrine) levels in selective hypothalamic nuclei of the rat after complete midbrain hemitransections. In contrast, the activity of the epinephrine-forming enzyme (phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase, PNMT, EC 2.1.1.28) was unchanged in the hypothalamus after the lesions. Our results demonstrate a dissociation between hypothalamic catecholamine levels and PNMT activity, and suggest that hypothalamic PNMT may not be localized in catecholaminergic axons originating in the brainstem. PMID- 6605181 TI - Fatal child abuse in Georgia: the epidemiology of severe physical child abuse. AB - Decisions about the occurrence of child abuse are increasingly difficult to make because concepts of what qualifies as reportable child abuse may be broadening. We examined this question by comparing 51 fatal child abuse cases occurring in Georgia between July 1975 and December 1979 to non-fatal cases and to the Georgia population. Overall rates of fatal child abuse were higher for male perpetrators compared with female and black perpetrators compared with white. However, the latter finding varied with economic and geographic status. The highest child abuse fatality rates were found in poor, rural, white families (3.3/100,000 children) and in poor, urban, black families (2.4/100,000 children). Risk factors for fatal abuse included early childhood (RR 6:1), parental teenage childbearing (RR 4:1), and low socioeconomic status. These characteristics were similar to those of the severe child abuse cases noted in the early child abuse literature. Non-fatal cases did not clearly share these risk factors. Severe abuse, here represented by fatal cases, is a distinct subset of reported child abuse, but characteristics associated with it are frequently attributed to all reportable child abuse. Medical personnel should be aware that they cannot rely on the presence or absence of these characteristics in screening for risk of reportable child abuse. Child abuse research should use restricted, stated case definitions. When intervention and prevention programs are being organized, they should not generalize research findings to all forms of child abuse. PMID- 6605182 TI - Child abuse and physical punishment of children in Finland. AB - This study looks at child abuse as a part of family violence and includes a literature review of the previous Finnish studies on child abuse. The data of the study comes from a poll conducted in Finland in the autumn of 1981 of 530 of the Finnish population older than 14 years of age: 3% of respondents had observed physical violence towards small children and 1% towards teenagers; 44% of the respondents were of the opinion that physical punishment of children was needed at least on certain occasions. In Sweden the corresponding percentage was only 26. The majority of Finns (60%), however, was in favor of a special law to ban all child abuse and physical punishment of children as was done in Sweden in 1979. The recommendation of the author, based on both theoretical consideration and the poll results is that such a law would be helpful in advancing the wellbeing of children. PMID- 6605183 TI - Regulation of the androgen receptor in human genital skin fibroblasts, with a review of sex steroid receptor regulation by homologous and heterologous steroids. AB - When normal human genital skin fibroblasts are cultured for 3 days with 2-3 nM methyltrienolone (R1881, a synthetic nonmetabolizable androgen), they augment their specific androgen-receptor activity (two- to four-fold) with a time pattern that is always most rapid in the first 24 h, usually peaks by 48 h, and often declines, sometimes substantially, in the third 24-h interval. The time pattern is highly reproducible within experiments on confluent monolayers and is not influenced by the presence or absence of 10% fetal calf serum in the medium, the temperature (37 vs. 40 degrees C) at which the incubation is conducted, or the basal activity (up to 40 fmol/mg protein) that is saturated by incubation for 30 45 min at 37 degrees C. It does appear to be influenced by an unusually rapid increase in the first 24 h and by nonconfluent density of the monolayers, but these factors do not explain the considerable interexperimental variation, within and among cell lines, under nominally identical conditions. The time pattern is interpreted to represent an initial phase of "up-regulation" that is followed by one of compensatory adjustment, despite a constant level of unmetabolized ligand. A review of sex steroid receptor regulation by homologous and heterologous sex steroids reveals numerous examples of apparently homologous regulatory behavior. PMID- 6605184 TI - Hypertonicity and force development in frog skeletal muscle fibres. AB - Mechanical experiments were performed on isolated fibre bundles of frog semitendinosus muscle, using solutions made hypertonic by the addition of sucrose or NaC1. Muscle stiffness was measured with 1-ms step changes of length, from the plateau of an isometric tetanus. Within 20 min in hypertonic Ringer, isometric tetanus tension fell by 50% or more. The rate of tension redevelopment following stepwise shortening was reduced in hypertonic solution. Point voltage clamp studies showed that even when isometric tension had fallen to this extent, the stimulus strength--duration relation for mechanical activation was identical to that for controls. Point voltage clamp was used to intermittently repolarize fibres depolarized in solutions of high ionic strength, reactivating the excitation contraction coupling mechanism. Subsequent depolarization of the fibres allowed a visual test to be made of the fibres' ability to contract. The period during which contraction could be seen grew shorter as the ionic strength of the bathing medium was raised. The results of these different types of mechanical experiments suggested that the increased intracellular ionic strength caused by osmotic shrinkage in hypertonic Ringer's solution slows the rate at which individual cross bridges can form and develop tension, as well as reducing the maximum amount of tension they can generate. Muscle stiffness did not remain at control level in hypertonic solution; nor did it fall as much as did developed tension. The most obvious, although not the only, interpretation of this observation was that cross bridges are less stretched when isometric force is reduced and the length-tension relation of the elastic element is nonlinear. PMID- 6605185 TI - AIDS and sudden death. PMID- 6605187 TI - Quantitation of Fc receptor-bearing T-lymphocytes (TG and TM) in oral cancer. AB - The lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of 30 untreated patients with oral cancer and 15 apparently healthy normal controls were studied for quantitation of T-cell subsets. When compared to age-matched controls, the patients as a group showed a significant increase in the proportion and number of TG cells (IgG Fc receptor-bearing T-cells) and a significant reduction in the TM cells (IgM Fc bearing T-cells). The levels of total lymphocytes, T-cells, and B-cells remained in the control range. The discrepancy in the TG subset was evident in the early stages of the disease, while in TM cells, it was evident only in the advanced stages. PMID- 6605186 TI - High-dose methotrexate with leucovorin rescue in patients with unresectable non small cell carcinoma of the lung. AB - Thirty-one patients with unresectable non-small cell carcinoma of the lung (19 adenocarcinoma, 7 large cell carcinoma, 4 squamous cell carcinoma, 1 mixed histology) were treated with one of two intravenous infusion schedules of high dose methotrexate with leucovorin rescue. First, 14 patients received methotrexate in escalating doses from 1.5 to 12 g/m2 over 6 hours followed immediately with leucovorin 15 mg/m2 for 12 doses every 6 hours; there were no complete or partial responses among these 14 patients. Then, 17 patients were treated with a loading bolus of 50 mg/m2 intravenous methotrexate followed by a 30-hour continuous infusion of 1.5 g/m2. Leucovorin 15 mg/m2 every 6 hours for 12 doses was begun at the end of the infusion. There were 3 partial responses among the 17 patients in this group. The results demonstrate that both 6- and 30-hour infusions of high-dose methotrexate regimens can be given safely to middle aged adult patients, but the overall 10% response rate does not appear to be significantly different than the results with standard-dose methotrexate. PMID- 6605188 TI - The prognostic value of T-lymphocyte levels in malignant melanoma. A five-year follow-up. AB - Serial immunologic tests (active E-rosettes = T-Ea; total E-rosettes = T-Et; total lymphocytes and null cells) were performed every 3 months for 5 years on 113 melanoma patients. A significant reduction in absolute T-Ea, T-Et, null cells, and total lymphocytes was noted in the patients who died, by comparison with those who are still alive. The latter presented a significant reduction in absolute T-Et only, plus a significant increase in null cells when compared with normals. The 38 patients without metastases, at the end of the study, presented a reduction in T-Et and an increase in null cells compared with the normals, while the 75 patients with metastases presented a reduction in T-Et, null cells and total lymphocytes when compared with the patients without metastases and a reduction in T-Ea, T-Et, and total lymphocytes when compared with the normals. Null cells show a linear decrease in patients who died and a linear increase in those who survived. A total of 80.2% of patients with a fall in T-Et displayed metastases usually within 2 to 10 months (mean, 6.8). Patients with normal T-Ea, T-Et, and total lymphocyte values showed a significant prolonged survival when compared to those with lower values. In addition, survival seemed to be always a function of immunologic test values, irrespective of the tumor site. PMID- 6605189 TI - Rheumatoid factors in the sera of patient with gastrointestinal carcinoma. AB - One hundred and nineteen patients with gastrointestinal (GI) malignancy (80 colorectal, 25 gastric and 14 pancreatic carcinoma) were studied for rheumatoid factors (RF), antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and immunoglobulin levels and the findings correlated with size of tumor, stage of disease and survival. Twenty three (19.3%) of the patients were RF seropositive compared to 5.7% of 70 matched controls (P = 0.02). In two thirds of the seropositive patients RF were detected prior to the initiation of treatment. The proportion of RF seropositivity increased significantly in patients with tumors larger than 4 cm and in patients with Stage D disease. The authors found a high incidence of ANA in the patients: 32.4% compared to 8% in normal subjects (P less than 0.01), but the proportion of RF in this group was not significantly different. Survival distributions of the RF positive cases were different from that of the other patients (18 versus 25 months median survival); however, this was not statistically significant. These findings indicate that RF in GI cancer patients sera is not rare and can be related mainly to "tumor load," although not considerably affecting survival. PMID- 6605190 TI - Chromosome abnormality in a human TCGF-dependent T-lymphocyte culture generated against autologous melanoma cells in vitro. AB - Six T-cell growth promoting factor (TCGF)-dependent T-cell cultures and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes from a patient with metatastic malignant melanoma were karyotyped. Three of the TCGF-dependent cultures were noncloned, started after in vitro sensitization against autologous malignant melanoma cells in tissue culture. A fourth was a subculture of one of these. The two remaining T-cell cultures were generated by in vitro sensitization of the same individual's lymphocytes against allogeneic Epstein-Barr virus transformed B-cell lines. One of the cultures (AV7) and its subculture (AV/LDP39) showed a 17q+ anomaly in 100% of metaphases studied. All other TCGF-dependent T cell cultures and fresh blood lymphocytes had normal karyotypes. The possible mode of origin of the abnormality and its significance are discussed. PMID- 6605191 TI - Fractionation of mouse cytotoxic T cells by use of lectins. AB - Mouse cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), induced in vivo and in vitro in mixed lymphocyte cultures, were fractionated into agglutinated and unagglutinated cells by use of various lectins. Cytolytic activity was enriched in the cell fraction agglutinated by various 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranose-specific lectins, namely, Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA), and Phaseolus limensis agglutinin (LBA). Only a little cytolytic activity remained in the unagglutinated cell fraction. Furthermore, the relationship between the binding of lectins and the cytolytic activity in various CTL cell lines was investigated with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter, and high-rank correlation was found between the cytolytic activity of these CTL cell-lines and the binding of DBA or HPA to them, but weaker rank correlation in the cases of LBA and peanut agglutinin (PNA). DBA was found to bind to almost all cells of interleukin-2-dependent CTL cell-lines tested. Although the DBA-positive CTL cell lines have strong cytolytic activity, the DBA-negative cells, which consist of a small proportion of the CTLs, also exhibited cytolytic activity. Thus, the major part of CTLs has binding sites for alpha-D-GalNAc-specific lectins, particularly for DBA, and this lectin is useful for the enrichment of CTLs. However, the binding sites for DBA cannot be regarded as an exclusive differential marker for CTLs. PMID- 6605192 TI - Pancreatic pseudocyst hemorrhage controlled by transcatheter embolization. AB - This case of massive duodenal hemorrhage through the pancreatic pseudocyst, caused by rupture of a pseudoaneurysm of the gastroduodenal artery, was successfully controlled by transcatheter embolization. Embolization is a useful alternative to surgery in high-risk patients. PMID- 6605193 TI - A comparison of the susceptibilities of anaerobic bacteria to trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole individually and in combination. AB - The activities of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, singly and in combination, were compared with the activities of six other antimicrobial drugs against 50 anaerobic bacteria isolated from clinical specimens. Trimethoprim alone had little activity against the anaerobes tested, but sulfamethoxazole and the sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim combination were active against most of the organisms. Results with the combination were slightly better than those with sulfamethoxazole alone. PMID- 6605194 TI - [Separation of B-lymphocytes. A comparison of methods]. PMID- 6605195 TI - Quantitative study of deoxycytidine incorporation in large and small lymphocytes of the mouse. AB - Using radioautographic smear preparations of thymocytes and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells labelled with three different tritiated pyrimidine deoxyribonucleosides, the incorporation of DNA precursors was studied separately on large lymphocytes and small lymphocytes. Radioautographic reaction due to generally tritiated deoxycytidine ( [G-3H]CdR) labelling in vivo in large lymphocytes was more intense than that in small lymphocytes. When mice were sacrificed 6 hr after the administration of tritiated thymidine ( [3H]TdR), small lymphocytes were labelled more heavily than large lymphocytes. However, labelling intensity with [3H]TdR in large lymphocytes was greatly enhanced by the administration of 5-fluoro-deoxyuridine, whereas in small lymphocytes labelling intensity was only fairly enhanced by the same treatment. When cells were incubated in vitro with 5-tritium labelled deoxycytidine [( 5-3H]CdR) for 10 min, there was no significant difference in labelling intensities between large and small lymphocytes. In the case of [G-3H]CdR incorporation, the labelling intensity in large lymphocytes was found to be significantly stronger than that in small lymphocytes. Large as well as small lymphocytes incorporated [3H]TdR very well in vitro. However, addition of 5 X 0 X 10(-5) M of non-radioactive CdR to the medium greatly decreased the incorporation of [3H]TdR by large lymphocytes, whereas the effect of non-radioactive CdR in small lymphocytes was not so marked as that in large lymphocytes. Furthermore, the [3H]TdR-labelling percentages were decreased at the same rate by the addition of non-radioactive CdR in both large and small lymphocytes. These results indicate that large lymphocytes and a proportion of small lymphocytes have a strong tendency to convert CdR to thymidine mono-phosphate, which is utilized for DNA synthesis, whereas this ability is relatively weak in the rest of small lymphocytes. Thus, it is probably that this metabolic ability changes during the transition of the large lymphocyte to the small lymphocyte. PMID- 6605196 TI - Anomalous origin of the left anterior descending coronary artery from the pulmonary artery: surgical correction in an adult. AB - A 45-year-old female with severe anginal symptoms was found to have anomalous origin of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery (LCA) from the pulmonary artery. Proximal ligation and anastomosis with aortocoronary saphenous vein graft (SVG) were performed. There was complete relief of symptoms. Two-year postoperative angiography revealed a patent SVG with excellent flow, normalization of the caliber of the right and left circumflex coronary arteries with complete regression of collaterals, and improved left ventricular function. PMID- 6605197 TI - The human T cell receptor: appearance in ontogeny and biochemical relationship of alpha and beta subunits on IL-2 dependent clones and T cell tumors. AB - The human T cell receptor for antigen (Ti) has recently been identified on IL-2 dependent T cell clones as a 90 kd disulfide-linked heterodimer comprised of one 49-51 kd alpha (alpha) and one 43 kd beta (beta) chain. These subunits are noncovalently associated with a monomorphic 20-25 kd T3 molecule. Here, we produce monoclonal antibodies to a human tumor (REX) derived from an earlier stage of thymic differentiation in order to determine whether clonotypic structures are expressed and to define the ontogeny of Ti. The results of SDS PAGE and peptide map analyses indicate that an homologous T3-associated heterodimer is synthesized and expressed by REX. This glycoprotein shares several peptides in common with clonotypic structures on an IL-2 dependent T cell clone. In addition, similar Ti related molecules appear during intrathymic ontogeny in parallel with surface T3 expression. The latter findings provide the structural basis for the immunological competence observed exclusively within the T3+ thymocyte compartment. PMID- 6605198 TI - The mouse T cell receptor: comparison of MHC-restricted receptors on two T cell hybridomas. AB - The receptors for antigen plus a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene product on a T cell hybridoma specific for ovalbumin plus a Class II MHC product were compared with those on another T cell hybridoma, specific for a Class I MHC product. In each case receptor material was identified by a clone-specific monoclonal antibody. The two receptors proved to have very similar gross structures, being 70-85 kd proteins, and reducing to an acidic alpha-chain and a slightly basic beta-chain, each 40-43 kd. The charge of both the acidic and basic polypeptides varied between the two receptors studied, showing that variable amino acid sequences occur in both chains. PMID- 6605199 TI - The major histocompatibility complex-restricted antigen receptor on T cells in mouse and man: identification of constant and variable peptides. AB - The variability of the MHC restricted receptor on murine T cells was examined by comparing tryptic peptide fingerprints of the receptor isolated fom three T cell hybridomas and a T cell tumor. Both variable and constant peptides were seen. Constant peptides were most apparent when comparing receptors from the same mouse strain. Peptide fingerprints of receptors from two independent T cell hybridomas with the same idiotype and specificity were identical. We also describe a molecule detected on the surface of a human T cell leukemia whose properties were identical to those reported for the MHC receptor on normal human T cells. The molecule was a dimer of 85,000-90,000 MW containing a 46,000 MW acidic alpha chain and an unrelated 40,000 MW neutral beta-chain. PMID- 6605200 TI - Human anticentromere antibodies: distribution, characterization of antigens, and effect on microtubule organization. AB - Properties of human anticentromere autoantibodies were analyzed. In intact cells or isolated cell fractions, these sera stain the centromeres of mitotic chromosomes and discrete speckles (prekinetochores) in nuclei. Staining is also retained in matrix preparations from nuclei or chromosomes. Immunoprecipitation or immunoblotting demonstrates protein antigens of 14, 20, 23, and 34 kd in HeLa nuclei and chromosomes; immunoprecipitates of nuclei also contain a protein of 15.5 kd. Matrix preparations contain only the 20, 23, and 34 kd species. Absorption of the anticentromere serum with any one of the four nuclear antigens immobilized on nitrocellulose is sufficient to eliminate centromere staining. Using a lysed cell model for microtubule nucleation, anticentromere sera are shown to inhibit specifically the organization of microtubules at the kinetochore. PMID- 6605201 TI - [Treatment of the climacteric syndrome with electroanalgesia]. PMID- 6605202 TI - [Familial incidence of reticular corneal dystrophy]. PMID- 6605204 TI - [Composition of gangliosides in experimental rat tumors]. AB - Spectrum of gangliosides was studied in some tumors. It was the same in a hepatocellular carcinoma induced by N-nitrosomorpholine in Wistar rats as in control liver In addition, several tumors contained an unidentified fraction between GD1b and GT1b. There were total ganglioside differences both in tumours and controls. Lymphatic leukemia samples had lower contents of GD1a and higher contents of GM1 ganglioside. Spontaneous breast sarcoma of Lewis rats (SAM) failed to differ from a sarcoma of low grade malignancy induced by ferridextran (FL) with the exception of slight increase in GD1a and GD2. All the tumours contained higher gangliosides in concentration at least the same as controls. PMID- 6605203 TI - [Familial incidence of granular corneal dystrophy]. PMID- 6605205 TI - Synthesis of the nonatriacontapeptide corresponding to the entire amino acid sequence of calf thymosin beta 8 and its effect on the impaired T-cell subsets in patients with lupus nephritis. PMID- 6605206 TI - [BCG and the current campaign against tuberculosis in tropical countries]. PMID- 6605207 TI - [Results of an experiment on chemoprophylaxis of malaria using mefloquine in Cambodia (Cambodia-Thai border region)]. AB - 39 members of a medical team working in an area near the Cambodia-Thai border were given an individual antimalaria chemoprophylaxis by Mefloquine (2 tablets- 500 mg--every other week), carried on for 2 months after return. Two falciparum accesses were reported after the return, and in one of them, there was also a failure of the Mefloquine treatment (1,5 g in 16 hours). This access was successfully treated by Naphtyridine. The results proved that Mefloquine is now the best individual chemoprophylaxis in this area of South East Asia where, from 1979 to 1981, the other prophylaxis failed (chloroquine, pyrimethamine + sulphonamide or sulfone, quinine); it was also discovered that some strains of P. falciparum were resistant to Mefloquine. PMID- 6605209 TI - [Immunological study of an orbital lymphoma]. PMID- 6605208 TI - [Immune and autoimmune manifestations of autochthonous visceral leishmaniasis with liver, kidney and vascular involvement]. AB - The authors report a case of visceral leishmaniasis in the adult contracted in the South or South-East of France, primarily with an important involvement of the liver and a production of antinuclear and smooth muscle auto-antibodies, rheumatoid factors, cryoglobulins and probable circulating immune complexes, and secondarily complicated with transient involvement of kidneys and skin vessels. The geographic origin of the infection and the pathogenesis of these disorders are discussed. A cross reaction between specific antibodies and auto-antibodies was looked for. PMID- 6605210 TI - [A new case of Candida albicans endophthalmitis in a drug addict]. PMID- 6605211 TI - Use and abuse of benzodiazepines. AB - Benzodiazepines are widely used for the treatment of anxiety, insomnia, and certain neuromuscular and convulsive disorders. However, their widespread availability has given rise to fears that they are over-prescribed. The problem is compounded by the fact that there is no universal agreement among medical practitioners as to the clinical indications warranting the use of these drugs. Although most industrialized countries exercise control over the sale and manufacture of benzodiazepines, many developing countries do not have sufficient control of these drugs. As a result, information on drug utilization and associated problems is difficult to obtain and there is a lack of comparative data on drug consumption in different countries.The present article describes the current knowledge on the pharmacological, clinical, and epidemiological characteristics of benzodiazepines, and the problems associated with their use, and indicates areas where more research is needed. Recommendations are made for future work. PMID- 6605212 TI - [Breast-feeding and the regulation of fertility: current knowledge and influence on program orientation]. PMID- 6605213 TI - The eltor cholera epidemic in Dhaka in 1974 and 1975. AB - Surveillance of hospitalized cholera cases from 1970 to 1977 in Dhaka, a matched control study in 1974, and a neighbourhood control study in 1975 were carried out and show a change from classical cholera to the eltor biotype during this period. Of all the hospitalized cholera cases, 9.1% in 1972 and 99.9% in 1973 were due to the eltor biotype. In 1974 and 1975 the distribution of eltor cholera cases in the city was uniform, except for areas with modern sanitation whose residents were spared. The incidence rates of cholera per 1000 infants (under the age of 1 year) were 1.16 and 0.93 for 1974 and 1975, respectively. On the whole, children below 10 years and females between 15 and 44 years of age were the ones most affected with eltor cholera. Higher rates of diarrhoea and hospitalization were noted among the contacts with cholera cases, compared with non-cholera controls. Contracting cholera was significantly associated with eating in places away from home, especially at charitable feeding centres. PMID- 6605215 TI - Efficacy of inactivated poliovirus vaccine in India. AB - The immunogenic efficacy of inactivated (Salk) poliovirus vaccine (IPV) was evaluated in infants in India, in view of the high frequency of vaccine failure after immunization with oral (Sabin) poliovirus vaccine (OPV). A total of 150 infants, aged 6-45 weeks, were given 3 doses of IPV, with intervals of 4 or 8 weeks between doses. The effect on the antibody response of child's age, presence of maternal antibody before immunization, and interval between doses was assessed. The overall seroconversion rates to poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 were 99%, 89%, and 91%, respectively. Seroconversion rates to types 2 and 3, and antibody titres to types 1 and 2, were higher (i) in infants given vaccine doses at 8-week intervals and (ii) in those without detectable maternal antibody. The seroconversion rates in infants without maternal antibody, who were given IPV at 8-week intervals, were 100%, 100%, and 96.2% to poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Thus the immunogenic efficacy of IPV was found to be satisfactory. PMID- 6605214 TI - [Multicenter study of pneumococcal serotypes in Africa]. PMID- 6605216 TI - Clinical observations on virologically confirmed fatal dengue infections in Jakarta, Indonesia. AB - Thirty virologically confirmed cases of dengue infection with a fatal outcome were studied clinically in Jakarta, Indonesia, from 1975 to 1978. All 4 dengue virus serotypes were isolated from fatal cases, but dengue type 3 was responsible for 21 (70%) of these isolates, compared to only 47% of isolates from all cases of dengue infection. The majority (60%) of these 30 cases were males in the 5-9 year age group. Nonspecific signs and symptoms in the fatal cases were no different from those in patients who survived dengue infection, but 70% of the patients with fatal outcome had one or more signs of encephalitis, primarily convulsions and somnolence; 3 of them developed spastic tetraparesis before death and 2 died of an illness clinically compatible with viral encephalitis. Other unexpected observations were that only 63% of the patients had classical dengue shock syndrome with haemoconcentration, thrombocytopenia and shock. A high percentage (80%) had gastrointestinal haemorrhage, and in 9 patients (30%) this was severe enough to cause shock and death. In these 9 cases, the gastrointestinal haemorrhage and haematemesis began before the onset of shock and there was no evidence of haemoconcentration or pleural effusion at any time during hospitalization. According to certain widely accepted criteria, these patients would not be diagnosed as dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). But as they made up nearly one-third of the confirmed fatal dengue infections in this study and had massive gastrointestinal haemorrhages with thrombocytopenia, the definition of DHF should be changed to include this type of patient. It is proposed that the disease should be more realistically classified as dengue fever with or without haemorrhage and dengue shock syndrome. PMID- 6605217 TI - Combination chemotherapy (high-dose methotrexate with citrovorum factor rescue, mechlorethamine, and procarbazine) in non-small cell lung cancer. AB - Twenty-five patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were treated with high-dose methotrexate with citrovorum factor resuce (HDMTX-CFR), mechlorethamine (HN2) and procarbazine (PCZ). Nineteen patients are evaluable for response. One patient had partial remission which lasted for 11 weeks. Nine patients had stable disease lasting for 6-22 weeks. HDMTX-CFR was well tolerated by these patients but this combination regimen produced very low tumor response rate (5.2%). Addition of HN2 and PCZ, chemotherapeutic agents active against NSCLC, failed to improve the tumor response rate but added to gastrointestinal and hematologic toxicity. PMID- 6605218 TI - A community survey of IgG4 antibody levels. AB - Precise and specific radioimmunoassays have been developed to quantify IgG4 and IgG4 antibodies. A community survey has demonstrated that men have significantly higher total serum IgG4 levels than women: geometric mean values of 0.581 mg/ml versus 0.302 mg/ml. This sex difference was extended to total IgE values. Circulating levels of IgG4 antibodies against foods, especially egg and milk, were normally higher than those against the three most common U.K. inhalant allergens--grass pollen, house dust mite and cat epithelium. PMID- 6605219 TI - Study of immunological parameters in farmer's lung. AB - A cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out on 2932 farmers (response rate 92%) living in Northern Italy. A questionnaire on respiratory symptoms was supplied, chest X-ray taken and simple spirometry tests made. Thirty-nine subjects reported attacks of breathlessness associated with fever after exposure to mouldy hay; thirty-six had a clinical history of farmer's lung and X-ray and/or respiratory function changes indicative of chronic farmer's lung; 113 were classified as having bronchial asthma. These 118 subjects and a random sample of 131 non-symptomatic subjects were examined by intracutaneous skin tests and double diffusion precipitation tests with antigens associated with farmer's lung. All sera positive by precipitation were examined by immunoelectrophoresis, counterimmunoelectrophoresis, and C1q binding test, and Bovine conglutinin test in solid phase for the detection of circulating immunocomplexes. 27.8% cases of chronic farmer's lung, 4.4% of cases of bronchial asthma and 2.3% of non symptomatic subjects showed precipitating antibodies against farmer's lung antigens. Of the precipitin-positive subjects, the majority had precipitating antibodies against Micropolyspora faeni. No differences in immunoelectrophoregrams in number and pattern of precipitation arcs for M. faeni were found between chronic farmer's lung and bronchial asthma subjects. Circulating immune complexes were present in 50% of chronic farmer's lung patients, 40% of those with bronchial asthma and 33.3% of non-symptomatic subjects. Three farmer's lung subjects (9.3%) showed immediate skin-test reactions to rural environmental allergens. PMID- 6605220 TI - Prognostic value of combined data on enzymes and inflammation markers in plasma in cases of severe head injury. AB - We measured certain enzyme activities (aldolase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase) and inflammation markers (alpha 1 antitrypsin, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and leukocytes) each day for four days in plasma of patients with severe head injury. The univariate prognostic efficiency of each biochemical parameter was assessed 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after trauma. By stepwise multivariate analysis applied every day, we found that (a) four variables, two enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase) and two inflammation markers (C-reactive protein and leukocytes), sufficed to reliably predict the patient's outcome and (b) data recorded at 72 h best discriminated between survivors and nonsurvivors. A risk index based on the four selected variables and validated on a large control sample allowed the correct allocation of, respectively, 90% of survivors and 88% of nonsurvivors at 72 h. We discuss why results obtained at 72 h are more predictive than those obtained at any other of the times considered. PMID- 6605222 TI - Chronic tinea pedis: presence of high serum IgE levels, anti-ICS antibody, and ANA. PMID- 6605221 TI - ANA-negative systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6605223 TI - Differential characteristics of immune-bound antibodies in diffuse proliferative and membranous forms of lupus glomerulonephritis. AB - Diffuse proliferative (PGN) and membranous (MGN) glomerulonephritis represent contrasting histologic lesions in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Serum, cryoglobulins, and renal biopsies in 8 SLE patients with PGN and 8 with MGN were studied in order to determine whether variations in the properties of immune bound antibodies correlate with the pattern of glomerular involvement. Several immunologic parameters suggested differences in complement activation between the two groups. PGN cryoglobulins demonstrated immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-native DNA (nDNA) subclass heterogeneity with highest titers of IgG3. These findings contrasted with the observation that MGN was characterized by a predominance of IgG4 in cryoglobulins. The major glomerular IgG subclasses in PGN were IgG3 and IgG1, while MGN biopsies demonstrated IgG4 in largest amount. Serum C1q was lower in PGN than in MGN. Serum anti-nDNA antibodies, solid-phase C1q-binding IgG immune complexes, and cryoglobulin protein concentrations were higher in PGN sera. Cryoglobulin complement component and control protein concentrations were greater in PGN than in MGN, while cryoglobulin Ig and immune-bound anti-nDNA were not different. In vitro C3 fixation by cryoglobulin anti-nDNA was greater in PGN than in MGN. Glomerular C1q, C4-binding protein (C4bp), and C3c were present in comparable amounts to IgG deposits in PGN biopsies, while in MGN IgG was demonstrable in greater quantities than C1q, C4bp, and C3c. In contrast, glomerular C3d (alpha 2d), C5, C6, P, and H were comparable in the two groups. It was concluded that immune-bound antibodies in cryoglobulins and in glomerular immune deposits in SLE PGN appear to activate complement via the classical and alternative pathways, while complement activation in MGN appears to occur predominantly via the alternative pathway. These differences in IgG subclass composition may account for the differential complement activation and may explain the contrasting histologic expression of immune aggregate localization in glomerular capillaries in these variants of lupus nephritis. PMID- 6605224 TI - T-cell maturation in the human thymus and tonsil: peanut agglutinin binding T lymphocytes in thymus and tonsil differ in maturation stage. AB - The finding of peanut agglutinin (PNA) binding capacity, supposed to be a marker of immature lymphocytes, within the T-cell population of the human thymus (58%) and tonsil (10%) prompted the comparison of maturation stages of PNA binding (PNA+) and nonbinding (PNA-) T cells in both organs. The proliferative response after mitogenic stimulation of purified PNA+ fractions was significantly less than that of purified PNA- fractions. The results of mitogen dose-response experiments, of variation in time of culture harvest, and of addition of irradiated allogeneic peripheral blood non-T cells indicated the intrinsic mitogen unresponsiveness of cells in the PNA+ fractions. The mitogen response of tonsil fractions was higher than that of thymocyte fractions. Cells with an immature immunologic phenotype were enriched in the thymocyte PNA+ fraction, and almost absent in the tonsil fractions. Both tonsil fractions contained cells with the immunologic phenotype of mature T cells, and showed a purine interconversion enzyme makeup comparable to mature T lymphocytes. It is concluded that the tonsil PNA+ T cell is a functionally immature lymphocyte which is in a further maturation stage than PNA+ or PNA- thymocytes. The presence of PNA+ T cells outside the thymus is of relevance for the clinical evaluation of PNA binding assays and suggests the occurrence of T-cell maturation within the tonsil environment. PMID- 6605225 TI - Molecular signals in antigen presentation. I. Effects of interleukin 1 and 2 on radiation-treated antigen-presenting cells in vivo and in vitro. AB - In order to clarify the nature of the defect in the process of antigen presentation caused by uv radiation, low-density spleen cells were used as a potent APC source in a hapten-specific cytolytic T-cell (Tc) system. It was demonstrated that IA+ weakly adherent low-density spleen cells, when directly coupled with azobenzene arsonate (ABA), led to the activation ABA-specific Tc. When these APC were exposed to uv radiation (12 J/m2/sec) for 30 sec, their ability to lead to Tc activation was markedly inhibited. The defect imposed by uv radiation could be specifically bypassed by the addition of small amounts of homogeneous IL-1 or IL-2. This led to the specific activation of ABA-reactive H-2 restricted Tc. The purified IL-1 was also found to bypass the systemic defect imposed in vivo by external uv radiation of mice. This may indicate a potential therapeutic role for IL-1. PMID- 6605226 TI - Sex-dependent systemic lupus erythematosus-like syndrome in (NZB X SJL)F1 mice. AB - (NZB X SJL)F1 (NS) mice were previously shown to develop sex-dependent thymic abnormalities in the course of aging. The possible occurrence in these mice of various autoimmune manifestations characteristic of a systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like syndrome is investigated. Female NS mice died faster and exhibited antinuclear (AN), anti-ds-DNA antibodies and circulating immune complexes earlier in life and in greater amounts than male NS mice. At 12 months of age immunoglobulin deposits were detected in the renal glomeruli and at the dermo-epidermal junction of the skin. These deposits were more frequent and more intense in females than in males. In addition, proteinuria was found to rise with aging in females but not in males. These data demonstrate that NS mice suffer from SLE symptoms which, like the thymic abnormalities, are influenced by sex related factors. The study of castrated males and females and of androgen-treated females suggests that androgens exert an inhibitory effect on these SLE symptoms. Preliminary genetic analysis further indicates a probable polygenic control of these SLE symptoms in NS females. PMID- 6605227 TI - Host defense mechanisms in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - We investigated whether dialyzate obtained from patients undergoing CAPD had any harmful effects on the function of their own lymphocytes and granulocytes and on those of normal controls. When tested in dialyzate obtained after a 4 hr intraperitoneal residence, lymphocyte viability and transformation responses to phytohemagglutinin and protein A were similar for patients and controls. Neutrophil function assessed by the nitroblue tetrazolium test (NBT) was not altered. Our results suggest that dialyzate, after a 4 hr intraperitoneal stay, does not impair lymphocyte and granulocyte function. PMID- 6605228 TI - "Classic" galactosemia associated with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. PMID- 6605229 TI - Cystic degeneration of the lung in an infant with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. PMID- 6605230 TI - A comparison of plaque removal effectiveness of an electric versus a manual toothbrush. PMID- 6605231 TI - Complications arising during lingual arch space maintenance. PMID- 6605233 TI - Oral radiographic manifestations of systemic disease. II. Endocrinopathies, reticuloendothelioses, and hemolytic anemias. PMID- 6605232 TI - Unusual canal anatomy in the distobuccal root of a maxillary second molar. PMID- 6605234 TI - Colonization of metallic and nonmetallic restorations by Streptococcus mutans in vivo. PMID- 6605236 TI - [Ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis and HLA antigens in Chinese]. PMID- 6605235 TI - Retreatment versus further treatment. PMID- 6605237 TI - [Emergency diagnosis of hiatal hernia]. PMID- 6605238 TI - [Ratio of the rate of end-plate current decay to the value of the quantum content and to previous synaptic activity]. PMID- 6605239 TI - [Primary structure of cloned cDNA coding the alpha A2-crystallin of the crystalline lens of Rana temporaria]. PMID- 6605240 TI - [Cytotoxic activity of normal killer cells in partially hepatectomized mice]. PMID- 6605241 TI - [Etiology and pathogenesis of leukemia]. PMID- 6605242 TI - Ontogeny of mesenchymal androgen receptors in the embryonic mouse mammary gland. AB - We demonstrate the presence of a high affinity androgen-binding site in the embryonic mouse mammary gland, and describe its appearance and development from the initial formation of the gland bud (day 12) through the androgen-responsive stage (day 14) until term (day 19). Binding assays were done on entire organ rudiments exposed to the ligand [( 3H] testosterone, [3H]5 alpha dihydrotestosterone, or [3H]methyltrienolone) in vitro, and receptor levels are expressed per gland. In competition experiments, the binding site shows a ligand specificity of a typical rodent androgen receptor. Scatchard analysis yielded a figure of 90-100 million binding sites for one 14-day gland, or approximately 30,000 per target cell. The apparent dissociation constant Kd for ligand binding by the intact tissue was between 0.55 and 0.75 X 10(-9) M. The first binding sites become detectable at the time of mammary bud formation (day 12); their number increases about 20-fold towards the responsive stage (day 14), and they persist at high levels at least until birth. The loss of androgen responsiveness on day 15 is neither accompanied by a loss of receptors nor by a change of their binding affinity. PMID- 6605243 TI - Ovine corticotropin-releasing factor and vasopressin: antibody-quenching studies on hypothalamic extracts of normal and Brattleboro rats. AB - Stalk median eminence (SME) extracts were preincubated with antibodies to ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (oCRF) and/or vasopressin, and the resulting CRF bioactivity tested with the isolated anterior pituitary cell column bioassay. The ACTH-releasing ability of Wistar rat SME was reduced by 60% with vasopressin antiserum, by 53% with oCRF antiserum, and by 81% after incubation with both antisera simultaneously. SME-stimulated LH release was unaffected by these antisera, which were all used at a dilution of 1:1000. The ACTH-releasing activity of SME could not be completely abolished by increasing the oCRF antibody concentration, or, in the case of ovine SME, by decreasing the tissue concentration preincubated with oCRF antibodies. With Brattleboro SME (which contains no endogenous vasopressin) ACTH-releasing activity was reduced by 37%, 51%, and 57% with anti-oCRF at dilutions of 1:5000, 1:1000, and 1:500, respectively, but could not be reduced further by more concentrated antisera. We conclude, therefore, that the CRF bioactivity of rat SME is probably not due solely to an oCRF-like peptide, but that other substances, one being vasopressin, contribute to its ACTH-releasing ability. PMID- 6605244 TI - Morphological alterations of the esophagus after endoscopic sclerotherapy of varices. AB - With the combined peri- and intravascular sclerosing technique esophageal varices can be completely eliminated in an average of three treatment sessions. In order to check the success of the procedure, endoscopic and histological findings at the various stages of treatment after sclerosing with 1% Polidocanol were compared. Clinical and autopsy findings are in agreement. After sclerosing, necroses of the mucosa and intramural inflammations occur regularly in the first week. The varices are thrombosed. Later, the inner wall of the esophagus is cicatricially changed. Histologically the fibroses extend transmurally and in some parts even reach the musculature. PMID- 6605245 TI - Purification of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors by affinity chromatography. AB - Calf forebrain homogenates contain 2.8 pM muscarinic acetylcholine receptors per mg of protein. [3H]Antagonist saturation binding experiments under equilibrium conditions revealed a single class of sites with equilibrium dissociation constants of 0.82 nM for [3H]dexetimide and 0.095 nM for [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate. Displacement binding studies with agonists revealed the presence of low and high affinity sites. Here we describe the solubilization of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors with digitonin and their purification by affinity chromatography using an affinity gel which consisted of dexetimide coupled to Affi-Gel 10 (i.e., carboxy N-hydroxysuccinimide esters linked via a 1 nm spacer arm to agarose beads). Purified proteins were obtained by specific elution with muscarinic drugs, i.e., the antagonist atropine and the irreversible ligand propylbenzilylcholine mustard. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the radioiodinated purified preparations revealed a major 70-K protein. PMID- 6605246 TI - Recognition of chemically damaged DNA by the gene 32 protein from bacteriophage T4. AB - We have used fluorescence spectroscopy to investigate the binding of gene 32 protein from bacteriophage T4 to DNA which has been chemically modified with carcinogens or antitumor drugs. This protein exhibits a high specificity for single-stranded nucleic acids and binds more efficiently to DNA modified either with cis-diaminodichloroplatinum(II) or with aminofluorene derivatives than to native DNA. This increased affinity is related to the formation of locally unpaired regions which are strong binding sites for the single-strand binding protein. In contrast, gene 32 protein has the same affinity for native DNA, DNA containing methylated purines and DNA that has reacted with trans diaminodichloroplatinum(II) or with chlorodiethylenetriaminoplatinum(II) chloride. These types of damage do not induce a sufficient structural change to allow gene 32 protein binding. Depurination of DNA does not create binding sites for the T4 gene 32 protein but nicked apurinic sites are strong ligands for the protein. This T4 single-strand binding protein does not exhibit a significantly increased affinity for nicked DNA as compared with native DNA. These results are discussed with respect to the recognition of DNA damage by proteins involved in DNA repair and to the possible role of single-strand binding proteins in DNA repair mechanisms. PMID- 6605247 TI - HR 810, a cephalosporin with low affinity for Enterobacter cloacae beta lactamase. PMID- 6605248 TI - Interaction of mature, unglycosylated and cell-free synthesized rat alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor with elastase. AB - Purified rat alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (Mr 54 000) and porcine pancreatic elastase (Mr 26 000) formed a complex (Mr 82 000) resistant to heat treatment under denaturing and reducing conditions. A similar alpha 1-proteinase-inhibitor elastase complex was detected by immunoprecipitation of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor from the medium of [35S]methionine-labeled hepatocyte primary cultures after incubation with elastase. Treatment of hepatocytes with tunicamycin led to the secretion of an unglycosylated alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (Mr 41 000) which also formed a complex with elastase (Mr 66 000). Complex formation (Mr 68 000) could also be observed between cell-free synthesized pre-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (Mr 43 000) and elastase (Mr 26 000). The results suggest that neither glycosylation nor removal of the signal peptide are required for the formation of a biologically active conformation of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor. PMID- 6605249 TI - Cerebral blood flow imaging using single photon emitting radioisotopes. PMID- 6605250 TI - Normal somatic growth in children receiving low-dose prophylactic co-trimoxazole. AB - Co-trimoxazole is an effective antibacterial agent for the prophylaxis of urinary tract infection. Because experimental evidence raises the possibility that high dose cotrimoxazole might interfere with normal somatic growth, the longitudinal growth and growth velocities were analysed in 114 girls receiving long-term, low dose prophylactic cotrimoxazole. They were aged 2-12 years at the start of prophylaxis which was given in a daily dose of approximately 10 mg sulphamethoxazole (SMX) and 2 mg trimethoprim (TMP)/kg body weight for at least 6 months and for up to 6 years. There was no significant variation from normal in height or weight attained or in growth velocity overall in 114 girls, 51 of whom had vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR). No difference was found in growth velocity when periods of 6 months on or off prophylactic therapy were compared in 53 girls. Growth did not vary between cohorts of girls receiving co-trimoxazole prophylaxis for 2, 3 or 4 years and growth proceeded normally in the 51 girls with VU reflux. We have not found evidence that long-term, low-dose cotrimoxazole prophylaxis has any adverse effect upon somatic growth in girls with a previous urinary infection with or without vesico-ureteric reflux and who are otherwise healthy. PMID- 6605252 TI - Calcium control of actin-myosin based contraction in triton models of mouse 3T3 fibroblasts is mediated by the myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)-calmodulin complex. AB - Triton extraction of mouse 3T3 cells provides cellular models able to contract in a Ca2+-dependent manner upon exposure to MgATP. Such models reveal myosin kinase (MLCK) along their microfilaments and contraction is inhibited by antigen affinity-purified antibodies to gizzard MLCK. When extraction is performed at higher salt concentrations the models become non-contractile and immunofluorescence microscopy fails to detect the kinase. Inactive models can be functionally reactivated by exposure to exogenously provided purified kinase plus calmodulin present in the normal buffer. Reconstituted models again reveal microfilament-associated kinase. Functional reconstitution requires both the addition of kinase and calmodulin and does not occur in the presence of trifluoperazine. The combined results indicate that contractility of non-muscle cellular models is controlled by calmodulin-dependent MLCK acting on the actin myosin-containing microfilaments with a calcium control exerted in the phosphorylation step of myosin. PMID- 6605251 TI - Inhibitory effects of pirenzepine on muscarinic stimulation of rat pancreas. AB - The binding properties and pharmacological effects of pirenzepine were compared to those of atropine in isolated pancreatic acini and pancreatic membranes of rats. In the first preparation, pirenzepine and atropine blocked [N-methyl 3H]scopolamine ([3H]NMS) binding, pirenzepine being 110 times less potent than atropine (KD for pirenzepine 0.38 microM and for atropine 3.5 microM). A similar difference in potency was observed with respect to carbamylcholine stimulation of amylase secretion (IC50 for pirenzepine 4.5 microM and for atropine 30 nM) and calcium efflux (IC50 for pirenzepine 2.8 microM and for atropine 4 nM). Correspondingly, in rat pancreatic membranes, the KD values for pirenzepine and atropine were 250 and 1.5 nM, respectively. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that the in vitro antimuscarinic effect of pirenzepine on the rat pancreas is linked to the occupancy of a single homogeneous class of receptors with a low affinity for the antagonist. PMID- 6605253 TI - Growth and differentiation of embryonic mouse palatal epithelial cells in primary culture. AB - The study of both normal and abnormal mammalian palatal development would be greatly enhanced by the advent of a cell culture system for the palatal epithelium in the absence of its mesenchyme. We have developed such a method for the primary culture of the secondary palatal epithelium from the embryonic mouse which allows for both epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation into the three cell types normally found in vivo. These include the terminally differentiated medial epithelial cells and the appearance of the nasal epithelial cell phenotype (ciliated pseudostratified), as well as the oral epithelial cell phenotype (stratified squamous). The most successful culture medium tested consisted of a 1:1 mixture of DMEM/F-12 basal medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Epithelial cell attachment, DNA synthesis and differentiation are greatly stimulated by the presence of EGF and by an extracellular matrix (ECM) substratum. Our results have demonstrated for the first time the feasibility of culturing embryonic palatal epithelial cells in primary culture in the absence of any mesenchymal tissue. PMID- 6605254 TI - Analysis of normal and neoplastic lymphocyte surface-labeled proteins by two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB - Normal and neoplastic murine and human lymphocytes were surface-labeled by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination, and the cell lysates were subjected to two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) analyses, combining isoelectric focusing in the first dimension and sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE (SDS PAGE) in the second dimension. 2D-PAGE autoradiogram patterns were reproducible and reflected differences in cell types. A string of spots with a Mr of 100K was tentatively identified as a new T-cell marker (Tp100) which was present in all murine and human T cells examined including human T lymphomas. Murine and human B cells displayed markers characteristic to B cells of each species with some similarities between them. Human lymphomas and murine cell lines showed markers which were absent or only weakly visible in normal cells. Thus, 2D-PAGE analysis of lymphocyte surface proteins proved to be a method useful for searching for various markers. PMID- 6605255 TI - Anti-immunoglobulin-induced proliferation of B cells. Parallelism in the inhibition by chloroquine, monensin and immunoglobulin. AB - Proliferation of rabbit lymphocytes was induced with goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin. Chloroquine and monensin, known to inhibit internalization related events, yielded inhibition of proliferation that paralleled the inhibition by a specific competitive ligand, rabbit immunoglobulin (IgG), whereas inhibition by puromycin did not. Moreover, virtually all of the cells that can be activated in freshly isolated populations adhered to anti-immunoglobulin-coated Petri plates, whereas all of the activatable population was recovered in the non adherent fraction after a brief incubation of the cells with anti-immunoglobulin to induce internalization of surface membrane immunoglobulin. Using immunofluorescence it was further observed that monensin and chloroquine inhibit the reappearance of surface immunoglobulins on the cell surface to some extent subsequent to their removal induced by anti-immunoglobulin. PMID- 6605256 TI - The germinal vesicle material required for sperm pronuclear formation is located in the soluble fraction of egg cytoplasm. AB - The chromatin of Xenopus laevis sperm nuclei was induced to decondense, swell and form mitotic chromosomes following its injection into mature Rana pipiens oocytes. In contrast, the sperm chromatin did not decondense or form mitotic chromosomes when injected into oocytes from which the germinal vesicle (GV) was removed prior to the initiation of maturation. Injection into enucleated oocytes of the material extracted from manually-isolated GVs restored their ability to decondense sperm nuclei. This soluble GV material was stable at 18 degrees C for 16 h but was inactivated by heating to 80 degrees C for 10 min. We examined the distribution of this GV material in a cytoplasmic preparation from activated eggs which can induce sperm pronuclear formation in vitro. The cytoplasmic preparation was separated into soluble and particulate fractions by centrifugation and then each fraction was injected into enucleated eggs to determine whether or not it restored the ability to decondense sperm nuclei. We found that the soluble, but not the particulate fraction could restore the ability to decondense sperm nuclei to enucleated oocytes. This result clearly indicates that the soluble fraction contains most of the GV material required for chromatin decondensation. However, since the soluble fraction fails to decondense sperm chromatin in vitro in the absence of material from the particulate fraction, sperm pronuclear formation appears to require both the soluble material derived from the GV and particulate material which can develop in the oocyte cytoplasm in the absence of the GV. PMID- 6605257 TI - Inhibition of development of characteristic indices of myeloid differentiation by a factor released from a tetraploid variant of the human promyelocytic cell line, HL-60. AB - HL-60TR, a tetraploid variant of the human promyeloid cell line HL-60, was obtained by culturing HL-60 cells for one week with the tumor promoter 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) at 400 pM. HL-60TR cells have lost the ability to develop several common markers of maturation in response to compounds that induce monocytoid or myelocytoid differentiation of HL-60 cells. In addition, they release a factor which inhibits induction of the same markers in HL-60 cells. Medium conditioned by HL-60TR cells also inhibits colony formation by normal mouse bone marrow cells. These properties have been maintained by HL 60TR cells through more than one year of constant subculture in the absence of TPA, a finding which suggests the possibility that TPA may promote tumor formation not only through direct effects on the phenotype of initiated cells but also through induction of continued production of factors that affect differentiation of normal stem cells. PMID- 6605258 TI - Non-linear effects in visual suppression of vestibular nystagmus. AB - Visual-vestibular interaction in the control of eye movement was investigated in six subjects during exposure to a low frequency (0.05 Hz) angular oscillation about the longitudinal axis of the body at four levels of peak head velocity: 30, 60, 90 and 120 degrees/s. Eye movements were recorded whilst the subject was presented with a head-fixed visual display consisting of either a single central target or a pair of targets placed at +/- 20 degrees in the periphery. For the lower stimulus levels (30 and 60 degrees/s) the degree of suppression was reasonably constant and the vestibular nystagmus was never completely suppressed. However, during oscillation at higher velocity levels (90 and 120 degrees/s) the relationship between eye velocity and head velocity became non-linear, the degree of suppression being much less during the high velocity periods of the waveform than when the head velocity was low. The changes in suppression may be interpreted as a decrease in gain of visual feedback as a function of increasing image velocity error on the retina. PMID- 6605259 TI - Single-unit and slow potential responses from rat frontal cortex during associative conditioning. AB - Single-unit and slow potential responses were recorded from the frontal cortex of unanesthetized, restrained rats trained to associate an auditory cue (tone) with rewarding medial forebrain bundle stimulation. Slow potential responses to the unpaired tone were minimal whereas large negative slow potential responses developed to the paired tone. Units were selected which had large-amplitude action potentials and positive first deflections, characteristics suggesting that the recordings were derived from pyramidal neurons. Responses of excitation, inhibition, and no change were observed during tone presentation. Forty-five percent of the units responded to the unpaired tone; with pairing, 90% of the units demonstrated significant responses. Furthermore, the magnitude of the excitatory responses was enhanced by pairing and a distribution pattern developed in which the overall response of the more superficial units was activation whereas deeper units were inhibited. The results suggest that the conditioning related negative slow potential responses recorded from the surface of the rat frontal cortex reflect excitatory processes which are associated with an enhanced firing rate of neurons in the upper layers. PMID- 6605260 TI - Regeneration of sciatic nerve in frogs maintained at 15 degrees C: failure to sustain regeneration after initiation. AB - Peripheral nerve regeneration proceeds through a series of phases which include axonal sprouting, elongation, and maturation. Each phase requires interaction between intrinsic properties of the injured neuron and nonneural elements in the environment into which the nerve grows. It has been difficult, however, to separate processes which depend on the induction of a cell body response from those which may depend on local factors at the site of injury. Recently, we found that frog peripheral nerves, in animals housed at 15 degrees C, were able to initiate regeneration in the absence of an apparent cell body response. Subsequently, we found that these nerves did not continue to regenerate normally. I investigated the ultrastructure of regenerating nerves from frogs kept at 15 degrees C for 92 days after a freeze-lesion. Injured sciatic nerves showed extensive axonal sprouting at the lesion site but little continued growth distal to the injury, indicating an impairment in elongation and maturation. Nonneural cells in the local environment showed extensive distributions of rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes near the regenerative sprouts but the type and quantity of protein actually being synthesized was not determined. The basis for the suppression of axonal growth remains unknown but in the absence of an apparent cell body response it appears probable that a necessary cell body contribution to regeneration was also absent. That contribution could provide direct support to axonal growth or could trigger periaxonal support of regeneration. This experimental preparation offers a means of investigating those alternatives and the opportunity to determine the origin of the various processes responsible for nerve regeneration. PMID- 6605261 TI - Effect of hypothalamic cooling on the tonic vibration reflex of gastrocnemius muscle in cats. AB - The tonic vibration reflex (TVR) in a medial gastrocnemius muscle (MG) was analyzed in 28 cats anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium while the preoptic anterior hypothalamic region (PO-AH) was locally cooled or warmed in a thermoneutral environment. Cooling of the PO-AH did not produce shivering or changes in rectal and skin temperatures, but it brought about facilitation (16/28 cats) or inhibition (9/28) of the TVR in the MG. A few cats (3/28) showed inconsistent alteration of the TVR. Warming of the PO-AH did not produce any changes in the TVR of the MG. Histological identification of thermode placements revealed that in cats having the facilitatory response of the TVR, the thermodes were localized at regions caudal to A 14.0 mm and most of the thermodes in those having the inhibitory response were rostral to A 14.0 mm, except for two cases. Bilateral microinjection of a small quantity of anesthetic agent into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) at the level of the mamillary body abolished the facilitatory effect of PO-AH cooling on the TVR. The results suggest that the spinal motor system is influenced by the PO-AH's sensitivity to local temperature and that the MFB constitutes part of the efferent pathway of the hypothalamic influence. PMID- 6605262 TI - Analysis of sperm function in Kartagener's syndrome. PMID- 6605263 TI - [The possibility of the use of electronic analgesia in the management of facial pain]. PMID- 6605265 TI - Studies on thymocyte subpopulations in guinea pigs. III. Physical and functional characterization of six subpopulations separated by density gradient centrifugation and PNA binding. AB - Thymocytes were separated according to increasing buoyant density into the three subpopulations Ia (25% of recovered cells), Ib (20%) and II (55%), and according to binding to peanut agglutinin (PNA)into PNA+ (65%) and PNA- cells (35%). The frequency of PNA+ was 56% in Ia, 60% in Ib and 66% in population II. Electronic cell volume determinations disclosed mean volumes of 160 fl for Ia, 130 fl for Ib and 100 fl for population II. PNA+ and PNA- cells were very similar as regards cell volume. Thus, PNA+ and PNA- cells are remarkably uniformly distributed among cell categories of different density and cell volume. The rapidly cycling thymocytes, regarded as the most immature cells in the thymus, and the target cells for a thymocyte growth factor both belonged to the PNA+ cells of population Ia. The mitogen-responsive thymocytes also belonged to population Ia, but were PNA-. The largest subpopulation of thymocytes, apparently corresponding to the small, non-cycling cortical cells, were recovered as PNA+ cells of population II. PMID- 6605264 TI - [Immunological aspects of porphyria cutanea tarda]. PMID- 6605266 TI - Reliability of the Bz-Ty-PABA and the pancreolauryl test in the assessment of exocrine pancreatic function. AB - The reliability of the para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) test (performed in the conventional manner, i.e. without control day) and of the pancreolauryl test was assayed in respect of the exocrine pancreatic capacity measured by using the secretin-caerulein test in 57 subjects, 22 of which were suffering from chronic pancreatitis. When 50 and 20% urinary excretion of the orally administered Bz-Ty PABA and pancreolauryl, respectively, were chosen as the lower normal limits, the PABA test showed a specificity quite similar to that of the pancreolauryl test (97 and 95%, respectively) despite the lack of a control day test, but a lower sensitivity (39 vs. 83%). The association of both tests was not advantageous compared with the pancreolauryl test alone. PMID- 6605267 TI - The Pittsburgh diabetes mellitus study. 3: An increased prevalence with older maternal age. AB - A series of patients having onset of Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus before age 17 years was identified from consecutive admissions to the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. Family history data were obtained yielding 1006 families (1085 cases) with complete information. The prevalence of diabetes among the children differed by birth order, with a greater number than expected among first born. There was also an increased prevalence among children born to mothers older than 35 years, as well as an increased prevalence among children of very young mothers. The increased prevalence of diabetes among offspring of older mothers was apparent even after life table age corrections were made. However, both the increased prevalence among first born children and the increased prevalence among children of very young mothers could be attributed to an older attained age of these children in this particular population. This indicated that the maternal age effect was present but a birth order effect was absent when age was taken into account. PMID- 6605268 TI - Mannose-sensitivity and cross-reactivity with YAC-1 cells of cytotoxic T cells against syngeneic tumor cells. AB - Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were raised against syngeneic plasmacytoma MOPC-315 cells by culturing spleen cells immunized with MOPC-315 cells 7 to 14 days previously, either in the presence or absence of MOPC-315 cells. The characteristics of these CTL were investigated in relation to those of natural killer (NK) cells. A portion of the CTL population cross-reacted with NK sensitive YAC-1 cells. The cytotoxic activity of these CTL was blocked strongly by D-mannose and weakly by alpha-methyl-D-mannoside and glucose, but was not affected by galactose or N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. All of the above compounds blocked the activity of NK, but not that of CTL against allogeneic cells. Thus, these CTL have some similar properties to NK cells, but are clearly distinct from NK cells in the surface phenotype: asialo GM1 is positive in the membrane of NK, but negative in that of CTL. The mannose-sensitivity of the CTL activity was not observed when CTL to MOPC-315 cells were generated during the culture of twice immunized spleen cells plus MOPC-315 cells. Furthermore, the activity of CTL obtained during the reculture of mannose-sensitive CTL with MOPC-315 cells was not blocked by mannose. These results suggest the existence of a maturation process of the CTL population to syngeneic MOPC-315 cells in terms of the sensitivity to D-mannose. PMID- 6605269 TI - Involvement of carbohydrate moieties in the expression of effector activity of cytotoxic T cells against syngeneic tumor cells. AB - Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were raised against syngeneic plasmacytoma MOPC-315 cells by culturing spleen cells immunized with MOPC-315 cells 7 to 14 days previously, in the presence of MOPC-315 cells for 5 days. The cytotoxic activity of these CTL was blocked by D-mannose, indicating that mannose-containing carbohydrate moieties are involved in the expression of cytotoxic activity. Investigations were performed to determine which cells, effector or target, possess carbohydrate moieties, by employing procedures by which a part or most of the carbohydrate on cells can be removed. When target cells were treated with 2 deoxy-D-glucose, tunicamycin or trypsin, the levels of cytotoxic activity of the CTL were reduced. However, the reduced activities were still blocked by adding D mannose at the effector phase. Treatment with alpha-mannosidase did not affect the level of cytotoxicity or mannose-sensitivity. In contrast, when effector cells were treated with tunicamycin by adding it to the culture one day before harvest, the level of cytotoxic activity was reduced, but the cytotoxic activity was no longer blocked by D-mannose. A similar result was obtained when effector cells were treated with periodate after 5 days of culture. However, the treatment of effector cells with alpha-mannosidase did not affect the cytotoxicity of the CTL. Thus, it was shown that effector cells possess mannose-containing carbohydrate moieties which are involved in the full expression of CTL to syngeneic MOPC-315 cells. PMID- 6605270 TI - Cytolysis of autologous fresh osteosarcoma cells by human cytotoxic T lymphocytes propagated with T cell growth factor. AB - Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) against autologous fresh osteosarcoma cells were generated in mixed lymphocyte tumor culture (MLTC), and then were propagated and maintained for up to 19 days with culture medium containing T cell growth factor (TCGF). CTL generated with MLTC and propagated with TCGF (TCGF-CL) lysed fresh autologous osteosarcoma cells, but not autologous phytohemagglutinin-blastoid lymphocytes. More than 90% of the propagated lymphoblastoid cells were E-rosette forming cells. A subpopulation of TCGF-CL was Leu-2a positive and Leu-3a negative CTL. The cytotoxic activity to the autologous tumor detected by 51Cr release assay was not blocked by cold allogeneic tumor cells from 4 out of 5 patients tested. Human leukocyte antigen and chromosomes of TCGF-CL showed no abnormality. PMID- 6605271 TI - [Measurement of the intestinal clearance of alpha 1-antitrypsin and the exchangeable potassium pool in elderly patients treated with anthraquinone glycosides]. AB - In order to check the long-term tolerance of a laxative treatment, the authors supervised during six months a group of 14 elderly people (12 women and 2 men) with a mean age of 81.3 years suffering from long-standing constipation without any organic cause. The laxative was given in a daily dosage corresponding to 20 mg of sennosides. Alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) clearance and exchangeable potassium pool (PPE) were measured, at the beginning (T0), and at the end of the third (T3) and the sixth (T6) months of the study. No abnormal variation of intestinal protein loss (alpha 1-AT: T0, 6.74 +/- 3.16; T3, 2.96 +/- 1.35; T6, 4.15 +/- 1.45 ml/24 h; T0-T3; p less than 0.05, T0-T6, T3-T6: NS) and exchangeable potassium pool (PPE: T0, 19.54 +/- 2.55; T3, 20.29 +/- 3.46, T6, 23.56 +/- 4.92 mEq/kg; T0-T3, T0-T6, T3-T6: NS) was observed. In opposition to current views, all long-term laxative treatments do not necessarily induce significant intestinal protein and potassium losses. PMID- 6605272 TI - Intrahepatic distribution of T cell and T cell subsets in cases with type B chronic liver disease by peroxidase-labeled antibody method using monoclonal antibodies. AB - Intrahepatic distribution of T cell and T cell subsets was studied in 23 cases with type B chronic liver disease (of which 19 cases were also positive for hepatitis B e antigen) and in 6 cases with non-B chronic liver disease by indirect peroxidase-labeled antibody method using monospecific anti-T antibodies and other reagents (anti-Leu series). Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) in liver tissue were also observed by the peroxidase-labeled antibody method. Membranous expression of HBsAg was found in 16 out of 23 patients with sero-HBsAg, and HBcAg was detected in 15 of them. In these patients, pan-T cells (Leu-1 positive cells) were the predominant cells in the portal tract and the parenchyma. Particularly, T cytotoxic/suppressor cells (Leu-2a positive cells) were often recognized both in sites of piecemeal necrosis and focal necrosis. In some patients whose liver biopsy specimens were obtained during acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis, T cytotoxic/suppressor cells as well as pan-T cells were increased remarkably in sites of piecemeal necrosis and focal necrosis. These results suggest that T cell cytotoxicity may play an important role in the pathogenesis of liver cell necrosis in type B chronic liver disease. PMID- 6605273 TI - Epidermal growth factor inhibits cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcers. AB - The effect of the duodenal ulcerogen cysteamine on secretion of epidermal growth factor from Brunner's gland pouches was studied in the rat. Total output of immunoreactive epidermal growth factor was reduced to approximately 55%, compared with controls, 5 h after administration of cysteamine (300 mg/kg, s.c.). Furthermore, measurements on tissue extracts of the pouches revealed that 5 h after cysteamine treatment, Brunner's glands were depleted of epidermal growth factor. The effect on ulcer development of intraduodenally applied exogenous epidermal growth factor (1 micrograms/kg . h) also was studied. Luminal epidermal growth factor significantly inhibited the formation of cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer, compared with controls receiving saline. The effect was not due to inhibition of gastric acid secretion or stimulation of duodenal bicarbonate secretion since the dose of epidermal growth factor used, when tested on chronic fistula rats, had no effect on acid secretion and did not influence bicarbonate secretion from Brunner's gland pouches. These results demonstrate that epidermal growth factor has a cytoprotective effect on the duodenal mucosa, and it is suggested that inhibition of synthesis and secretion of endogenous epidermal growth factor may be a pathogenetic factor in cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer. PMID- 6605274 TI - Circulating lymphocyte subpopulations in Crohn's disease. AB - Circulating lymphocytes were enumerated in 28 patients with Crohn's disease and in 12 patients with other diseases by rosetting and by immunofluorescent staining using monoclonal antibodies for T-cell surface phenotypic markers [OKT3 (mature), OKT4 (helper), and OKT8 (suppressor/cytotoxic)] or polyvalent antisera for surface immunoglobulins (B cells). Total lymphocyte counts were reduced only in those with non-steroid-treated active Crohn's disease. Circulating monocyte counts, proportions of peripheral T and B cells, and percentages and absolute numbers of mature, helper, and suppressor T-cell subclasses in Crohn's disease were not significantly different than in the controls. Helper to suppressor T cell ratios were comparable in all subjects, varying directly with numbers of helper T cells (p less than 0.05). Individual ratios of helper to suppressor T cells did not correlate with disease activity or location, the use of steroids, serum albumin, or total lymphocyte or monocyte counts. This study provides no evidence for underlying abnormalities of circulating lymphocyte subpopulations in Crohn's disease when compared to subjects with other illnesses. The characterization of lymphocyte subclasses in affected tissues is an important area of continuing investigation. PMID- 6605275 TI - Role of the adrenal cortex in gastric mucosal protection by prostaglandins, sulfhydryls, and cimetidine in the rat. AB - To investigate the possible role of hormones in gastric mucosal protection, the effect of prostaglandin F2 beta, dimercaprol, or cysteamine on ethanol-induced gastric erosions, and of cimetidine on gastric erosions caused by aspirin was studied in intact, adrenalectomized, medullectomized, ovariectomized, or thyroidectomized rats. Cimetidine was administered at a low dose that did not inhibit hydrogen ion secretion. Adrenalectomized animals failed to exhibit the usual mucosal protective response to prostaglandin F2 beta, sulfhydryls, or cimetidine. Ovariectomy or thyroidectomy did not influence mucosal protection with these agents. The inhibition by total adrenalectomy of mucosal protection was not reversed by large intragastric doses or by parenteral administration of prostaglandin F2 beta. Adrenal medullectomy alone significantly diminished (by approximately one-third) ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury; prostaglandin F2 beta or sulfhydryl drugs produced significant additional protection. Replacement therapy with glucocorticoids (triamcinolone, corticosterone) but not with mineralocorticoids (deoxycorticosterone, 9 alpha-fluorocortisol) restored the cytoprotective effect of prostaglandin F2 beta and sulfhydryls in adrenalectomized rats. The generation of prostaglandin E2- and prostaglandin I2 like activity in the gastric mucosa was unaltered by adrenalectomy. These studies suggest a permissive role for glucocorticoids in gastric mucosal protection induced by prostaglandins, sulfhydryls, and cimetidine. PMID- 6605277 TI - Managing cirrhosis in the geriatric patient. PMID- 6605276 TI - Catecholamine effects on blood pressure and heart rate in the American bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. AB - The effects of catecholamines and adrenergic blocking agents were studied in vivo on the blood pressure and heart rate of the unanaesthetized American bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Bullfrogs were chronically cannulated with a T cannula in the right sciatic artery. The mean systemic arterial blood pressure prior to the infusion of catecholamines was 18.5 +/- 1.5 mm Hg. Mean preinfusion heart rate was 30.9 +/- 2.0 beats/min. Epinephrine elicited the largest increase in blood pressure, with an accompanying decrease in heart rate. Norepinephrine and phenylephrine were less effective. Isoproterenol was the only catecholamine tested which elevated heart rate in a dose-dependent manner. It had no effect on blood pressure. The beta adrenergic antagonist, propranolol, blocked the increase in heart rate elicited by isoproterenol but had no effect on the blood pressure increases elicited by the other catecholamines. The alpha adrenergic antagonist, phentolamine, partially blocked the blood pressure increase by epinephrine, norepinephrine, and phenylephrine as well as the elevation of heart rate by isoproterenol. Atropine alone elevated heart rate 19 +/- 3 beats/min, and prevented slowing of the heart due to epinephrine, norepinephrine, and phenylephrine. Stimulatory effects of epinephrine on heart rate were observed only after atropine had been administered. Beta adrenergic receptors, therefore, appear to function in heart rate regulation; however, the predominant effect of catecholamines is reflex slowing of the heart due to stimulation of the vagus nerve. In contrast, the alpha receptor, stimulated by epinephrine, appears to be the main adrenergic receptor controlling blood pressure changes. PMID- 6605278 TI - Use of common antiplatelet drugs for vascular diseases. PMID- 6605279 TI - Plasma steroid levels and clinical effects after topical application of betamethasone. AB - A study was made of 41 patients (45 eyes) with post-operative irritative conditions to evaluate the clinical efficacy of topical betamethasone (BM) at various concentrations. The results obtained were as follows. First, serum concentrations of BM after treatment with 0.01% and 0.05% BM solution were much lower than those found after a 0.1% solution had been applied. However, no reduction in the serum cortisol was observed in the former. Second, the clinical evaluation was made in patients after cataract extraction. Marked and moderate improvement of post-operative inflammatory changes was observed in 90% of the patients treated with 0.05% and 0.1% solution and in only 30% of those treated with 0.01% solution. This study clearly shows the efficiency of 0.05% solution of BM with minimal suppressive effects on adrenal function. PMID- 6605280 TI - [Health assessment of continuous and intermittent exposure to vanadium pentoxide]. PMID- 6605281 TI - [Study of the histamine and immunoglobulin receptors of lymphocytes in occupational bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6605283 TI - [Aortocoronary bypass in congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries]. PMID- 6605282 TI - [Immunologic studies of patients with suppurative diseases of the lungs and pleura]. PMID- 6605284 TI - Embolisation of gastroduodenal artery aneurysm caused by chronic pancreatitis. AB - Chronic pancreatitis is known to cause vascular lesions, which produce gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Visceral vessel aneurysms are an unexpectedly common finding in arteriograms of patients with chronic pancreatitis. Gastrointestinal bleeding from these aneurysms carries a high mortality, making early diagnosis and treatment essential. Coeliac and mesenteric arteriography readily confirm the diagnosis. Surgical ligation or resection of the aneurysm entails a high mortality. Cessation of such gastrointestinal haemorrhage may be achieved by transcatheter embolisation under radiological control. This report describes a case in which bleeding from a gastroduodenal artery aneurysm, caused by chronic pancreatitis, was successfully treated by embolisation using a Gianturco coil. PMID- 6605285 TI - [Pharmacological studies of d1-2-[3-(2'-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]propionic acid. (2) Sites and mechanisms of analgesic and antipyretic effects]. AB - Effects of d1-2-[3-(2'-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]propionic acid (CPP) on the nociceptive response induced by injection of bradykinin (BK) into rabbit femoral artery were studied. When drugs were administered intravenously, the analgesic activity of morphine was 2 to 10 times more potent than that of CPP; but when it was injected into the femoral artery, CPP was approximately 5 times more potent than morphine. Intraventricular injection of a small dose of 10 micrograms/head morphine produced a prominent analgesic activity, while even a large dose of 500 micrograms/head CPP had little effect. Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) alone in a dose range of 0.1 to 1 microgram i.a. produced no nociceptive response, but an intra arterial pre-injection of PGE1 enhanced BK-induced nociceptive response. Morphine suppressed the BK-response pretreated with PGE1, but CPP as well as indomethacin had little effect. These results suggest that CPP suppresses BK-induced nociceptive response at the periphery, probably at the paravascular "pain receptor", and the analgesic effect of CPP may be due to inhibition of endogenous PG synthesis. On the other hand, CPP in a dose range of 2.5 to 20 mg/kg, i.v. produced antipyretic effects on the fever induced by typhoid vaccine. Intraventricular injection of 500 micrograms/head CPP produced a slight antipyretic effect. CPP had no effect on PGE1 -induced fever. These results suggest that CPP produces the antipyretic effect acting on the central nervous system, probably due to inhibition of endogenous PG synthesis. PMID- 6605286 TI - Ultrastructural and cytochemical studies of blood and bone marrow neutrophil leucocytes of patients suffering from rheumatism. PMID- 6605287 TI - [Gnostic disturbances in the visual system]. PMID- 6605288 TI - [Contribution to the operative therapy of subluxated lenses in childhood]. PMID- 6605289 TI - [Soft-tissue rheumatism--diagnosis and therapeutic concept]. AB - The term fibrositis or soft tissue rheumatism, provides a label to describe a symptom-complex which is common in practice, but the name is suggesting a defined entity that has not been demonstrated. The complaints known as soft tissue rheumatism can be defined as painful states which arise in the muscle and fibrous structures of the body. The patients complain of pain and stiffness in the neck shoulder girdle and extremities which are worse with work or stress, better with rest or diversion. Physical examination is normal, as are those of x-rays, laboratory tests and biopsies. Numerous forms of therapy, physical and pharmacological, have been employed. Several theories of causative factors are discussed in this paper. Therapy and diagnosis are compared with many theories. PMID- 6605290 TI - [Differential diagnosis of juvenile joint diseases--pointers for medical practice. 2. Differential diagnosis]. PMID- 6605291 TI - [Hepatic coma. Basic principles of pathogenesis and treatment. 1. Pathogenesis]. PMID- 6605292 TI - [Electrode placement in transcutaneous electrical stimulation]. PMID- 6605293 TI - Single-drug and combined medication with cimetidine, antacids and pirenzepine in the prophylaxis of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - For an analysis of the risk factors for stress bleeding, 24 risk factors selected from 202 clinical parameters were analysed, and their values determined in 586 medical and surgical intensive-care patients treated for at least six days between 1975 and 1980, who received no prophylactic medication. In 420 patients who received a prophylactic treatment with 800 mg or 1200 mg cimetidine, 2-hourly 30 ml antacids or 30 mg pirenzepine individually or in combination, the total risk scores were determined as the sum of the risk factors. This risk score served as the unit for comparison of the prophylaxis groups. Combined medication with two or three drugs proved to be significantly superior to treatment with either of the medicaments given alone. PMID- 6605294 TI - Hepatic imaging: positron emission tomography, digital angiography, and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. AB - Major advances in diagnostic imaging of the human body have been made in recent years. Positron emission tomography, a technique founded on advances in radiopharmaceuticals and radionuclide imaging apparatus, permits imaging regional metabolism, metabolite distribution, and flow. Thus far, its major applications have been in the study of the brain, and to a lesser extent, the heart; however, it is also finding a role in the study of the liver. Digital angiography is being applied to fluoroscopic systems which permits visualization of relatively low doses of intravascular iodinated radiographic contrast media. Imaging of the major arteries is possible using simple intravenously administered contrast media; digital techniques also increase the diagnostic yield in intraarterial studies. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging is an outgrowth of laboratory NMR spectroscopy; the interaction of radiofrequency signals with nuclei in strong magnetic fields permits imaging the distribution and certain chemical properties of various isotopes. Hydrogen NMR imaging is proving most useful for clinical diagnosis. The techniques used to image hydrogen are also being applied to NMR spectroscopy in vivo of various isotopes, including carbon-13, phosphorus-31, and hydrogen-1. PMID- 6605295 TI - A micro sustained release system for epidermal growth factor. AB - A technique for ensuring the controlled release of microgram and smaller amounts of biologically active epidermal growth factor (EGF) from polymeric delivery systems is described. We show that albumin in milligram quantities can facilitate the sustained release of picogram amounts of EGF for at least 3 wk. The EGF containing polymer matrix can be placed directly into cell culture and will increase the proliferation rate of serum-starved cells. The method reported here should be suited particularly to the delivery of biologically active growth factors that are obtainable in only microgram or smaller amounts. PMID- 6605296 TI - Growth of AKR T cell leukemia lymphoblasts in medium containing interleukin 2 (IL 2). AB - Long-term cloned mouse leukemic T cell lines were established in vitro using interleukin-2 (IL-2) conditioned media. The cell lines were tested for retention of both antigenic expression and tumorigenicity, as well as for growth characteristics. Several important findings resulted from these studies. A reliable method was developed for consistent success in the culturing and cloning of leukemic T cell lines. Cultured cells from IL-2-dependent lines were found to retain their original histocompatibility and differentiation antigen characteristics for up to 2 yr. Mortality patterns, comparing long-term cloned leukemic T cell lines with fresh AKR leukemia cells, showed that the cloned cells had greater tumorigenicity. An especially interesting finding was that cell lines established both from different mice and from a single organ of an individual mouse were heterogeneous with respect to antigenic makeup, cell growth kinetics, and tumorigenicity. Finally, because of their dependence on IL-2, the cloned tumor cell lines provided excellent index cells to quantify IL-2 activity. PMID- 6605297 TI - Rat natural killer (NK) cells are not bone marrow dependent. AB - Rats were treated with various doses of 89Strontium. At a dose effecting depletion of the bone marrow (200 muCi), NK activity of spleen, peritoneal and peripheral blood lymphocytes was unaltered or only slightly decreased. At higher doses (400 muCi), a general impairment of the immune system, including T-cell functions, was observed. After application of 700 muCi 89Strontium, rats died within three weeks. PMID- 6605299 TI - Modulation by zinc of the in vitro antibody response to T-dependent and T independent antigens. AB - The influence of zinc on the in vitro antibody response to antigen or mitogen stimulation was studied by adding various concentrations of ZnCl2 to cultures of spleen cells stimulated with sheep erythrocytes, trinitrophenyl lipopolysaccharide or with the polyclonal B cell activator E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Addition of ZnCl2 in concentrations ranging from 10(-8) or 10(-7) to 10(-5) M increased the specific antibody response to antigens or the polyclonal antibody synthesis induced by stimulation with LPS, when the response of the assayed population in the control cultures without ZnCl2 was low, as observed in cultures without 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME). However, in cultures supplemented with 2-ME, the potentiating effect of ZnCl2 diminished or disappeared or even the antibody response was inhibited. Higher concentrations of ZnCl2 markedly depressed (5 X 10(-5) M) or abolished (10(-4)) the in vitro induced antibody response in all cultures. The various mechanisms which could mediate the effects of zinc are discussed. PMID- 6605298 TI - Expression of H-2 and viral antigens and resistance to the antitumor lysis of tunicamycin-treated MBL-2 lymphoma cells. AB - The role of protein glycosylation in the tumor lysis mediated by effector cells derived from Moloney-sarcoma-virus(MSV)-immune mice was studied. Treatment of the Moloney-virus-induced H-2b lymphoma target cells, MBL-2, with tunicamycin (TM), an inhibitor of the protein-N-linked glycosilation, was found to cause a loss of susceptibility to lysis by MSV-immune syngeneic effectors cells, while the same target cells remained fully sensitive to the lytic action of anti-H-2b-immune lymphocytes. Examination of MBL-2 cell surface by lactoperoxidase, 125I iodination, and immunoprecipitation by antiviral protein sera revealed that env but not gag viral gene-encoded products were expressed on the surface of this lymphoma. The TM-induced alteration of cell surface expression of H-2Db, H-2Kb, and gp70 antigens was examined by a combined approach of serological and biochemical techniques. The results were concordant in indicating that (1) after 16 h of TM treatment the cells showed a decreased expression of the three glycoproteins, (2) H-2Db (the restriction element in this system) resulted more affected by the treatment than its counterpart H-2Kb (75% vs 50% reduction as compared to untreated cells), (3) an additional lighter form of H-2Kb was found on the surface of TM-treated cells. In the context of an "associative recognition' of Db and gp70 by MSV-immune effector cells, our results may explain the loss of susceptibility to antitumor effectors of TM-treated MBL-2 cells by a quantitative reduction in the expression of both molecules which interact to create the target structure of syngeneic effectors. PMID- 6605301 TI - Spontaneous cytotoxic T cells in murine spleen-cell cultures. I. Some characteristics of effector and precursor cells. AB - Cytotoxic T cells that arise spontaneously in culture (SCTL) have been characterized using a sensitive plaque reduction (PR) assay. Although SCTL effector cells are highly susceptible to anti-Thy-1 antibody plus complement treatment, they are derived from precursor cells having very low levels of Thy-1 antigen. SCTL are barely detectable in cultures of thymus cells, bone marrow cells, and spleen cells from athymic nu/nu and very old mice. Since SCTL have some similarities to both natural killer cells and normal cytotoxic T cells, SCTL may represent a stage in the T-cell lineage that links these two forms of cytotoxicity. PMID- 6605300 TI - Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (K) and natural killing (NK) in B suppressed germ-free nude rats. AB - The influence of the thymus and the possible requirement for surface immunoglobulin expression for the development of K and NK activity were assessed in rats. This species was chosen in preference to mice as they show good levels of K-cell activity. Studies were carried out in athymic (rnu/rnu) rats some of which were treated from birth with rabbit anti-rat IgM antibody to suppress B cell development. The results indicate that normal levels of both K and NK activity develop in the spleens of 6-8-week-old athymic rats, which do not contain cells expressing surface membrane immunoglobulin. While K and NK cells show characteristics of the lymphoid lineage, neither the thymus nor surface membrane immunoglobulin expression appears to be required for development of normal levels of these cytolytic activities. PMID- 6605302 TI - Spontaneous cytotoxic T cells in murine spleen-cell cultures. II. Distinguishing between spontaneous cytotoxic T cells and NK cells according to kinetics and target selectivity. AB - Cytotoxic T cells that arise spontaneously in cultures (SCTL) appear to be distinct from natural killer (NK) cells. The specificity of these two types of cytotoxic cell populations has been compared by direct cytotoxicity and cold target inhibition tests. The SCTL population consists of an array of cytotoxic cells each of which is specific for a series of target cells. The NK cells had a more limited range of target selectivity although at least two types of NK effector cells were detected on the basis of specificity measurements. PMID- 6605303 TI - The interaction of specific T-cell help and non-specific B-cell growth factors in the production of anti-tetanus antibody by human B cells grown in serum-free microcultures. AB - Apart from a brief period after in-vivo immunization, only a minority of human donors provide peripheral lymphocytes that synthesize specific antibody on stimulation with tetanus toxoid in vitro. A 20 microliters hanging drop microculture technique using serum-free medium has been adapted to analyse the conditions under which B cells mature into antibody-secreting cells. Multiple permutations of antigen dose, cell concentration and T:B cell ratios have been examined. The results indicate that in-vitro failure of antigen response by the majority of donors is not due simply to an inappropriate choice of culture conditions. The addition to antigen-stimulated cultures of a lectin-free conditioned medium derived from pokeweed mitogen-stimulated peripheral lymphocytes, enables B cells from the majority of donors to produce high titres of specific antibody, in a T-dependent manner, for up to 24 months after immunization. The observed failure of prolonged antigen responsiveness in vitro thus appears to represent a failure to expand a population of antigen-specific B cells, rather than indicating an absence of such clones. PMID- 6605304 TI - Evidence for carbohydrate-deficient forms of the major sialoglycoproteins of human platelets, granulocytes and T lymphocytes in individuals with Tn syndrome. AB - 125I-Helix pomatia and 125I-wheat germ lectins were used as probes to visualise membrane glycoproteins of circulating blood cells from individuals with Tn syndrome. Cells were solubilized in Triton X-100 and subjected to sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis prior to incubation with iodinated lectins. Normal platelets, granulocytes and T lymphocytes have a single major sialoglycoprotein of mol. wt. 143,000, 115,000 and 115,000 respectively. In Tn platelets, granulocytes and T lymphocytes there was a marked reduction in lectin binding in the region of the sialoglycoproteins but new lectin binding components of lower mol. wt. (125,000, 98,000 and 98,000 respectively) were apparent. It is suggested that these new lectin binding components are the sialoglycoproteins with deficient glycosylation resulting from the known deficiency of beta-3 galactosyltransferase in Tn syndrome. PMID- 6605305 TI - Biochemical and immunological differentiation of human thymocytes induced by thymic hormones. AB - Changes in levels of purine degradative enzymes have been shown to occur during T cell maturation in both rats and humans with a fall in adenosine deaminase (ADA) and a rise in purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) and 5'-nucleotidase (5'NT) activities. We have investigated the effects of four thymic factors: thymosin fraction 5 (TMS-F5); thymosin alpha 1 (TMS-alpha 1); thymopoietin pentapeptide (TP-5); and thymic conditioned medium (CM) on TdT activity, purine enzyme levels and the phenotypic markers OKT3 (a marker for mature T cells) and NA1/34 (which reacts with immature cortical thymocytes) in human thymocytes and in the lymphoid leukaemic cell lines RPMI-8402 and JM1 (derived from Thy-ALL). All four thymic factors caused one or more maturation change in human thymocytes, e.g. TMS-F5 caused a significant increase in OKT3 expression, TMS-alpha 1 a fall in TdT and ADA activities and a rise in OKT3-positive cells, TP-5 an increase in PNP and CM a rise in 5'NT activity. TMS-F5 also caused a marked elevation of 5'NT in both the T lymphoblastic lines (P less than 0.001). On the other hand the non physiological phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA), a tumour promotor with potency of inducing differentiation in some leukaemic cell lines, induced changes in both normal thymocytes and in the leukaemic line JM1 were inconsistent with maturation, e.g. a fall in the percentage of OKT3 cells. These observations suggest that maturation of normal thymocytes might proceed stepwise, each step requiring at least one of the thymic hormones. Although thymosin also induces differentiation changes in a malignant lymphoid line, the pattern of these differs from that induced in their normal counterparts. PMID- 6605307 TI - Cimetidine does not influence cellular immunity in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. AB - Numerical and functional markers of peripheral lymphocytes were adopted to study the influence of cimetidine on the immune response in immunocom-promized patients. Twenty-three patients on regular dialysis treatment, who had been given cimetidine (400 mg daily) for peptic ulcer, were studied during a follow-up of 3 months. Thirty healthy people served as controls for the study of the immunological parameters, i.e. DNCB and PPD skin tests, E-rosetting assays, monoclonal antibodies to T-cells, membrane immunoglobulins for the B-cells, serum immunoglobulins and complement. Before therapy was started CMI was impaired in all patients, with a significant reduction in the E-rosette count (P less than 0.01) and depressed DTH (DNCB, PPD). The number of active E-rosettes and OKT4 subsets increased slightly during the period of treatment, though this finding was not confirmed by functional in vivo tests. No change was observed in the B lymphocyte count and in serum immunoglobulins or complement. The fact that treatment with cimetidine does not seem to influence the immune response in patients on RDT, may suggest that this therapy does not restore the principal immunopathological disorder of these patients, and further justifies its use in patients awaiting renal transplantation or in those who have been given transplant. PMID- 6605306 TI - [Analysis of circulating T lymphocytes in atopic dermatitis]. PMID- 6605308 TI - Augmentation of spleen natural killer activity in mice treated with interleukin-2 preparation. PMID- 6605309 TI - Aortic dissecting aneurysm and aorta-right atrial fistula as a late complication of coronary surgery. PMID- 6605311 TI - The availability and current use of marijuana among adults. AB - The bulk of previous research on marijuana use shares three common features. First, it focuses on "high-risk" student or adolescent populations. Second, researchers have emphasized the "ever-used" category of marijuana use. Third, reported use rates are generally based on the percentage of users in the total population of interest. By using the total population as the denominator when calculating use rates, researchers assume that everyone has an equal opportunity to smoke marijuana. This paper suggests using a use-availability ratio to adjust for potential access to marijuana and to determine which segments of the population are "high risk." PMID- 6605310 TI - Pharmacokinetics of tinoridine after oral administration to healthy subjects and patients with renal failure. AB - The pharmacokinetics of tinoridine was studied after oral administration (200, 400, and 800 mg in random order) to six healthy subjects and (200 mg) to patients with renal disease. Plasma concentrations of tinoridine were determined by GLC with electron-capture detection and urine concentrations by HPLC. The plasma half life of tinoridine was about 8.2 h in healthy subjects and was not affected by renal failure. Total body clearance (Clc/F) was very high, but renal clearance was small, about 0.30 1.h-1. There was no correlation between dose (200 mg vs 400 or 800 mg) and Cmax or AUC, suggesting a first-pass effect. Renal failure did not affect pharmacokinetic parameters. However, there was a strong linear correlation between Cmax and age (r = 0.919) and AUC and age (r = 0.838). These results suggest an increase of bioavailability in the elderly. PMID- 6605312 TI - A comparison of marijuana use among Mexican-American and Anglo rural youth utilizing a matched-set analysis. AB - Attitudes and practices regarding marijuana use are examined in a sample of Mexican-American and Anglo adolescents living in Wyoming. The Mexican-American respondents were matched with Anglos who shared similar social and demographic characteristics, and matched-set analysis was used to determine significant differences on the basis of racial/ethnic identity. On all measures, Mexican American youth were found to have significantly more positive attitudes toward marijuana and more extensive marijuana use. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6605313 TI - Reliability and consistency in self-reports of drug use. AB - The reliability and stability of self-reports of licit and illicit drug use are estimated using longitudinal data, and found to be rather high. An apparent inconsistency in reporting (less use over a 12-month period than would be expected based on use reported over a 30-day period) is examined (1) for association with personal characteristics and (2) for individual consistency over time. Neither individual consistency nor significant associations are found, although there appears to be a tendency for discrepant reporting of marijuana and alcohol use to be correlated within time. The data used are from the Monitoring the Future project, an ongoing nationwide study of high school seniors, with follow-up surveys after graduation. PMID- 6605314 TI - Regulation of thymocyte proliferation by endogenous adenosine and adenosine deaminase. AB - Spontaneous proliferation of thymocytes after 20-25 h of culture was significantly increased by the presence of adenosine deaminase (ADA) or theophylline. The effect of ADA was counteracted by the ADA inhibitor EHNA. When given alone, EHNA inhibited proliferation. This effect was not blocked by inhibition of adenosine uptake with dipyridamol. These results suggest that proliferation in culture is regulated by a balance between endogenous adenosine and ADA, controlling the influence of adenosine on the intracellular cyclic AMP level via an adenosine receptor on the surface of thymocytes. According to the hypothesis, ADA would stimulate proliferation by decreasing extracellular adenosine levels and theophylline by blocking adenosine receptors on thymocytes. EHNA would inhibit proliferation by increasing extracellular adenosine levels. In accordance with this interpretation, the adenosine analogue phenylisopropyl adenosine (PIA) inhibited proliferation and the effect could be inhibited by theophylline. The postulated effect of endogenous adenosine could not be mimicked by a single administration of exogenous adenosine. Whereas most doses of adenosine were without effect, a high dose of adenosine (0.1 mM) in combination with EHNA unexpectedly stimulated proliferation. Since the effect was blocked by dipyridamol, an intracellular site of action for adenosine is suggested in this case. PMID- 6605315 TI - The in vitro effect of phenytoin and carbamazepine on subpopulations of human blood mononuclear cells. AB - Mononuclear cells from peripheral blood of 10 healthy blood donors were incubated with phenytoin and carbamazepine dissolved in 1% propyleneglycol. Phenytoin 20 mg/1 significantly reduced the percentage of active E rosette-forming T lymphocytes; to mean 17.6% compared to mean 25.9% in control incubations (P less than 0.05). Carbamazepine 10 mg/1 reduced this percentage to 21.0% (0.05 less than P less than 0.10). Phenytoin reduced the percentage of active T-lymphocytes in 9 of the 10 cell suspensions, while carbamazepine reduced the active T lymphocytes in 8 of the 10 suspensions. The percentage of total E rosette-forming T-lymphocytes was similarly reduced by 20 mg/1 phenytoin and 10 mg/1 carbamazepine; from 65.3 to 59.5% and to 60.3%, respectively (P less than 0.05, 0.05 less than P less than 0.10). The reduction of active and total T-lymphocytes was concentration-dependent for both drugs. Phenytoin and carbamazepine 5 mg/1 did not influence the percentage of T-lymphocytes. The decrease became apparent at a concentration of 10 mg/1 for both drugs, and grew steadily more marked with increasing drug concentrations up to 80 mg/1. However, the reduction in the percentage of T-lymphocytes was more pronounced for phenytoin than for carbamazepine at all drug concentrations. The percentage of cells with Fc gamma receptors and of those with receptors for the activated human complement component C3b, were not influenced by phenytoin and carbamazepine, nor were the cells with phagocytizing capacity and the non-phagocytizing cells with membrane bound immunoglobulin (i.e. B-lymphocytes). PMID- 6605316 TI - Differentiation of the structural features of melanotropins important for biological potency and prolonged activity in vitro. PMID- 6605317 TI - Solid-phase synthesis of sauvagine-(17-40). AB - The solid-phase synthesis of the tetracosapeptide corresponding to the C-terminal amino acid sequence of sauvagine is described. After purification by gel filtration, the polypeptide appeared to possess an acceptable degree of homogeneity, as judged by different kinds of electrophoresis and chromatography, and by automated Edman degradation analysis. Preliminary pharmacological results indicate that the fragment-(17-40) is practically devoid of any sauvagine activity on the circulatory system and endocrine glands; a weak effect on gastric emptying delay has been demonstrated (1% of the natural product). PMID- 6605318 TI - Structural investigation of radiation-induced aggregates of ribonuclease. AB - Following irradiation of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease in aqueous solution with 60Co gamma-rays protein aggregates are formed. The nature of the bonds linking these radiation-induced aggregates together has been investigated by chromatographic and electrophoretic methods. Thin-layer gel filtration and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, both in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate, demonstrated the existence of covalent crosslinks between the aggregates. However, non-covalent crosslinking also plays a role in the radiolysis of ribonuclease. Thin-layer gel filtration with and without 6 M urea and 2 per cent beta-mercaptoethanol added to the gel, revealed that only part of the covalent bonds between the aggregates consisted of disulphide linkages. By separation of the reduced aggregates by thin-layer gel filtration and electrophoresis, both with SDS, this finding was substantiated. Densitometric measurements indicated for example that the percentage of covalently linked dimers held together by disulphide bridges amounted to about 40-45 per cent, whereas the remaining 55-60 per cent of the dimers must be linked by other covalent bonds. The existence of covalent crosslinks other than disulphide bonds was also confirmed by isoelectric focusing. By this method definite differences were established between the proteolytic hydrolysates of the reduced aggregates and the reduced monomer of gamma-irradiated ribonuclease. PMID- 6605319 TI - Hyperthermia in a differentiating murine erythroleukaemia cell line: II. Effect of heat on haem induction by radiation. AB - Friend erythroleukaemia cells (FELC) were induced to a haem-producing state by X rays. The percentage of haem positive cells was maximum for doses between 10 and 15 Gy. Heat treatment at 42.0 degrees C or 45.0 degrees C during or after irradiation inhibited haem induction whereas heating before irradiation enhanced it. Incubation at 37 degrees C between heating and irradiation resulted in a decline in induction levels, indicating repair of heat damage that interacts with X-ray damage. Incubation at 37 degrees C between irradiation and heating did not result in changed haem induction levels, indicating a lack of repair of radiation damage that could interact with subsequent damage produced by heating. PMID- 6605320 TI - The relationship between 'early' and 'late' radiation-induced skin reactions as seen in two strains of mice that differ in radiosensitivity. AB - The acute skin reaction and time-course of skin contraction following graded single doses of X-rays were studied in CBA and C57B1 mice, in order to elucidate the relationship between 'early' and 'late' skin damage in strains that are known to differ in radiosensitivity. A dose-dependent acute reaction and rapid skin contraction was noted 0-50 days after irradiation in both strains, and both parameters of response were greatest in the C57B1 mice. Following this initial shrinkage there was a slight relaxation, which was again more evident in the C57s. A gradual, continuous, dose-independent contraction from 50-466 days was evident in CBA mice, whereas in C57s there was no evidence of late shrinkage. Histological examination at 466 days post-irradiation revealed a greater epidermal hyperplasia in CBA than in C57 mice. Comparison of these results with data on acute intestinal damage and early and late lung damage shows no general relationship between the incidence of early and late radiation damage in these two strains of mice. PMID- 6605321 TI - The influence of age on the effectiveness of DTPA in reducing 141Ce retention in rats. AB - The influence of age on the effectiveness of chelation treatment in reducing retention of radioactive cerium was studied in two- and six-week-old albino rats. 141Ce was administered intraperitoneally, followed immediately and after 24 and 48 hours by intraperitoneal administration of the tri-sodium calcium salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid--Na3(CaDTPA) at 380 mumol/kg body weight. The whole-body retention was determined 2, 4 and 6 days after radiocerium administration, when the animals were killed and the organ retention was determined. The chelation therapy significantly reduced the whole-body retention of radiocerium. This treatment was however twice as effective in older as in younger animals. PMID- 6605323 TI - Oncogenic transformation of C3H/10T1/2 cells by X-rays, fast-fission neutrons, and cyclotron-produced neutrons. AB - Lethality and oncogenic transformation were measured in C3H/10T1/2 murine fibroblasts exposed to neutrons and X-rays at doses between 0.5 and 11 Gy. Transformation results with X-rays and low-energy, reactor-produced neutrons were used as a baseline to compare and evaluate the results obtained with high-energy, cyclotron-produced neutrons. The radiations were 100-kVp X-rays at 0.49 Gy min-1, reactor fission neutrons at 0.10 to 0.31 Gy min-1 with an 8 to 20 per cent gamma dose component, and cyclotron-produced neutrons at 0.51 Gy min-1 with mean energy 38 MeV and an 8 per cent gamma dose component. The radiobiological effectiveness (r.b.e.) for cell lethality was 2.4 +/- 0.2 for fission neutrons and 1.7 +/- 0.1 for high-energy neutrons. The maximum proportions of transformants per thousand surviving cells were, respectively, 3.7 +/- 0.8, 6.5 +/- 0.7, and 2.3 +/- 0.6 for X-rays, fission neutrons, and cyclotron-produced neutrons. The maximum observed r.b.e. for transformation induction was 3.8 for fission neutrons and 1.2 for cyclotron neutrons. Thus, high-energy neutrons exhibit a higher r.b.e. for cell killing capacity than for oncogenic transformation in C3H/10T1/2 cells. PMID- 6605322 TI - Haemopoiesis in the beagle foetus after in utero irradiation. AB - On day 33 of gestation, foetal beagles were irradiated in utero (0.9 Gy of 60Co gamma-irradiation, 0.4 Gy/min). Foetal haematocytopoiesis was studied during the third trimester of gestation (days 42-55). Peripheral blood nucleated cell counts were 33 per cent lower than normal on day 44 and continued to be lower until day 49, when values became higher than normal. Splenic cellularities of irradiated pups on day 44 were more than 3 times those of the nonirradiated, but thereafter they were similar to normal. Differences in haemopoietic progenitor cell activity between irradiated and normal foetuses were observed. In comparison with the other foetal tissues, the foetal liver appeared to experience greater radiation injury. For example, on day 44, the irradiated liver BFU-E, CFU-E, and GM-CFC per 10(5) cells were almost fivefold lower than normal values. Spleens of irradiated foetal beagles contained a marked increase in all haemopoietic progenitor cells (BFU-E, CFU-E, and GM-CFC) and recognizable proliferative granulocytic cells and nucleated erythroid cells. The haemopoietic activity of the irradiated bone marrow during days 42-44 was similar to that of the irradiated spleen, and compensated for the damaged liver. However, unlike the irradiated spleen, the irradiated bone marrow had decreased BFU-E activity compared with the values for the nonirradiated bone marrow during days 48-55. Until day 50, the irradiated marrow contained fewer recognizable proliferative granulocytic cells but more nucleated erythroid cells. PMID- 6605324 TI - Radiosensitization in vivo: a study with an homologous series of 2 nitroimidazoles. AB - An homologous series of 1-(omega-morpholino)alkyl-2-nitroimidazoles, previously reported to be more efficient hypoxic cell radiosensitizers than misonidazole (MIS) in vitro, were evaluated in vivo using the murine Lewis Lung carcinoma. When given i.p. the compounds were 3-20 times more acutely toxic (LD50/2d) than MIS and this toxicity increased with both the number of methylene groups (n) in the side chain and the lipophilicity of the compounds. The compounds sensitized the tumour to single doses of X-rays. On the basis of equimolar administered dose, the most effective compounds, n = 2, 4 and 5, were as efficient as MIS. However, on the basis of the measured concentration of drug in the tumour at the optimum time of irradiation the compounds with n = 4 and n = 5 were less efficient than expected from previously published data in vitro. This is attributed to the basicity of the morpholino nitrogen in these compounds such that at physiological pH the compounds are primarily in an ionized form and hence poorly able to penetrate hypoxic cells. PMID- 6605325 TI - Radiation studies of Acholeplasma laidlawii: the role of membrane composition. AB - Acholeplasma laidlawii, a mycoplasma, is unable to synthesize unsaturated fatty acids but it will incorporate them into its plasma membrane if they are supplied exogeneously. Thus the fatty acid composition of the cell membrane can be defined by growing the organism in media containing specific fatty acids. We obtained cells with predominantly one type of unsaturated fatty acid (either oleic, linoleic or linolenic acid) or cells with only saturated fatty acid in the cell membrane. The cells were irradiated with 7 MeV electrons and the effect of membrane fatty acid composition on cell survival was examined. At 200 Gy/min and 0.5 degrees C (melting ice) there was little difference in the radiation sensitivities of the cells grown in unsaturated fatty acids either in aerated or anoxic radiation conditions. However, the cells containing saturated fatty acids irradiated in anoxic conditions were markedly more sensitive than the cells containing unsaturated fatty acids. At 200 Gy/min and 37 degrees C the two types of cells were of similar sensitivity both in aerated and anoxic radiation conditions. At 5 Gy/min at 0.5 degrees C the cells containing linolenic acid (18:3) were less sensitive than those containing solely saturated fatty acids. However, at 5 Gy/min at 37 degrees C there was no difference in sensitivity between these two types of cell. Our results strongly argue against the involvement of lipid peroxidation as a molecular change leading to cell death. PMID- 6605326 TI - Complete remission of severe aplastic anaemia following treatment with anti thymocyte globulin. PMID- 6605327 TI - Vitamin C deficiency (scurvy)--a case report. PMID- 6605328 TI - Bleeding esophageal varices in an adolescent. PMID- 6605329 TI - Cardiac catheterization after an acute myocardial infarction. AB - An important question facing the profession each and every day is whether to recommend cardiac catheterization to a patient who has just had an acute myocardial infarction. Criteria have been proposed and ongoing studies are helping to establish guidelines to determine which survivors of an uncomplicated myocardial infarction can benefit from a knowledge of the coronary anatomy and ventricular function. In the case presented in this vignette the problem is related to angina recurring during the early stages of an acute myocardial infarction. Postinfarction angina often reflects subtotal obstruction of a major coronary artery that supplies either a portion of the myocardium that had infarcted or myocardium distant from the zone of the infarction. This is a high risk group. Here the criteria are firmly established. Coronary angiography should be performed promptly to help determine whether coronary artery bypass surgery or balloon angioplasty is indicated. PMID- 6605331 TI - Radiographic evaluation of acoustic neuromas: comparison of high-resolution computed tomography and polytomography. PMID- 6605330 TI - Ultrastructural cytochemistry of chronic T-cell leukaemias. A study with four acid hydrolases. AB - The ultrastructural localization of four acid hydrolases (acid phosphatase, beta glucuronidase, beta-glucosaminidase and alpha-naphthylacetate esterase) has been studied in lymphocytes from 16 patients with three types of chronic T-cell leukaemia, namely, T-prolymphocytic leukaemia (T-PLL), T-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (T-CLL) and adult T-cell lymphoma leukaemia (ATLL). Different patterns of enzyme distribution were observed in the leukaemic T-cells from these disorders. In T-PLL, reactivity for the four acid hydrolases was confined to single or a few large granules. Gall bodies were reactive for beta-glucuronidase, b-glucosaminidase and alpha-naphthylacetate esterase but apparently unreactive for acid phosphatase. In T-CLL, scattered small- to medium-size cytoplasmic granules and many parallel tubular arrays were strongly reactive for acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and beta-glucosidase but showed no reactivity for alpha-naphthylacetate esterase. Intermediate features were observed in ATLL. The observed differences in enzyme reactivity reflect a different content of lysosomal granules in the various types of leukaemic T-cells. They also suggest that similar differences may be found in normal T-lymphocyte subsets. PMID- 6605332 TI - Protective barrier effect of the posterior lens capsule in exogenous bacterial endophthalmitis: an experimental pseudophakic primate study. AB - Five Rhesus monkeys underwent cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation. The right eyes had extracapsular extraction, implantation of a Shearing J-loop posterior chamber lens, and primary posterior capsulotomy. The fellow eyes had extracapsular extraction, subtotal posterior capsulectomy, a limited anterior vitrectomy, and anterior chamber implantation of a modified J loop Sinskey-style intraocular lens. One to two weeks postoperatively, we inoculated the anterior chamber of each eye with 10,000 Staphylococcus aureus organisms. After enucleating the eyes, we obtained anterior chamber and vitreous cultures and examined the gross pathologic specimen for vitreous clarity 72 hours after inoculation. Twenty percent of right eyes had infection of the vitreous cavity, whereas in the fellow eyes, 80% demonstrated vitreal infection by examination of the sectioned gross pathologic specimens. Sixty percent of the left eyes had positive vitreous cultures. These findings suggest that the posterior capsule acts as a barrier to prevent the spread of infection from the anterior chamber to the vitreous cavity in experimental, primate pseudophakia. PMID- 6605333 TI - New alpha-amylase inhibitor, trestatins. I. Isolation, characterization and biological activities of trestatins A, B and C. AB - Trestatin complex which exhibited a potent inhibitory activity on various alpha amylases has been isolated from the culture filtrate of Streptomyces dimorphogenes nov. sp. NR-320-OM7HB. Three major components, trestatins A, B and C, have been purified by adsorption and ion-exchange chromatography. Their spectral and chemical properties suggested that trestatins were novel basic oligosaccharide homologues each characterized by the possession of a trehalose moiety at the non-reducing end of the molecule. PMID- 6605334 TI - New alpha-amylase inhibitor, trestatins. II. Structure determination of trestatins A, B and C. AB - The structures of trestatins A (C56H94N2O40), B (C37H63NO28) and C (C75H125N3O52), new basic oligosaccharides with potent inhibitory activity against various alpha-amylases, have been shown by spectroscopic and chemical methods to be 1, 2 and 3, respectively. PMID- 6605335 TI - Micromechanical properties of sensory hairs on receptor cells of the inner ear. AB - The aim of the investigation was to obtain quantitative measures of mechanical filter properties of hair cell sensory hairs which were not restricted to move by auxiliary structures. The specimen used was the crista ampullaris of the frog, dissected free and positioned in a fluid-filled chamber where it could be viewed with differential interference contrast optics. The sensory hairs were displaced by a brief jet of frog Ringer's solution from a specially constructed microsyringe apparatus. The velocity of the jet could be stepwise controlled and was determined by measuring the speed of motion of 3 micron plastic beads propelled with the jet across the microscopic field. The stereocilia displacements were recorded on 16 min film, and both the angle of deflection and the time for the return to the resting position were measured on the film. It was found that after displacement the sensory hairs returned to the upright position by elastic properties in the hinge region at their insertion point in the cuticular plate. Sensory hairs differed in their speed of return so that some had fast time constants, others quite slow ones. This was correlated to a difference in structural development of the stereocilia, fast sensory hairs having thick and tall stereocilia, slow ones having thin and short stereocilia. The various bundle types were identified in the scanning electron microscope and their distribution on the crista was mapped. This was found to match the distribution of nerve fibres with different functional properties. It is concluded that sensory hair cells can differ in their mechanical filter properties as a result of the structural arrangement of their stereocilia and in accordance with functional demands. PMID- 6605336 TI - The penetration of trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole into synovial fluid. AB - A group of six patients with non-infected synovial effusions requiring diagnostic or therapeutic aspiration, were given a short oral course of 'Septrin' (two tablets bd for two doses, each tablet containing 80 mg of trimethoprim plus 400 mg of sulphamethoxazole). Serum and synovial fluid (SF) were sampled frequently following antibiotic administration. It was found that concentrations of trimethoprim in SF approached serum levels after a short lag time (about 3 h) and thereafter approximated to the serum levels, whereas sulphamethoxazole did not as readily penetrate into SF. With the regimens used MIC levels for trimethoprim were achieved in SF, which suggests that this drug could be usefully prescribed in normal doses for the treatment of septic arthritis due to bacterial infection. PMID- 6605337 TI - Influence of beta-lactamase-producing strains of Branhamella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae on certain beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - Ampicillin, benzylpenicillin, cefaclor and cefuroxime were exposed to strains of Branhamella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae with and without ability to produce beta-lactamase. The antibiotics were dissolved in phosphate buffer at pH 6, 7 and 8 and the mean enzyme activity was calculated from decrease in peak heights by the HPLC technique. Cefuroxime was the most stable drug regardless of pH. For the other antibiotics, changes in pH influenced the results. In infectious processes factors like pH and pCO2 show some variation. This fact may influence the interaction between beta-lactams and beta-lactamases. PMID- 6605338 TI - [Case of an anemic man with a chest mass and an abdominal tumor lesion]. PMID- 6605339 TI - Heat modifiability and detergent solubility of outer membrane proteins of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. AB - The outer membrane fraction from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides was isolated by isopycnic density centrifugation. The purity of this fraction was assayed by several methods. When the outer membrane fraction obtained after French press lysis of cells was compared with the outer membrane fragments released during spheroplast formation, the polypeptide profiles were identical. Detergent solubilization of membrane fractions showed that Triton X-100 nonselectively solubilizes both the cytoplasmic membrane and the outer membrane, whereas Deriphat 160 selectively solubilizes the cytoplasmic membrane. Several outer membrane polypeptides, including the major outer membrane protein, exhibited changes in electrophoretic mobility that depended upon the temperature of solubilization in sodium dodecyl sulfate. Solubilization at room temperature in the presence of ions reproduced the effect of thermal denaturation on the major outer membrane polypeptide. PMID- 6605340 TI - Inhibitory effect of MgATP on the release of regulatory light chain from scallop myosin and light chain composition of scallop myosin hybridized with abalone light chain 2 at 30 degrees C. AB - The experimental conditions for release of the regulatory light chain (RLC) of scallop myosin at 30 degrees C were studied. Substantially all RLC was released from myosin by incubation for 5 min in medium containing buffer and KCl. This release of RLC was inhibited strongly by Ca2+, while the effect of Mg2+ was about 10,000 times weaker than that of Ca2+. Even in the absence of Ca2+, MgATP and MgADP inhibited the release of RLC, while the protective effect of AMPPNP was negligible. Other Mg nucleotides also showed some protective effect, though appreciably less than MgATP. The incubation of scallop myosin with abalone regulatory light chain (LC2) at 30 degrees C for 5 min produced a hybrid myosin. In the presence of 5 mM MgCl2, 1 of the 2 mol of RLC per mol of scallop myosin was exchanged with 1 mol of LC2. In the presence of Ca2+ or MgATP, myosin bound 1 extra mole of LC2 besides the 2 mol each of SH-LC and RLC. PMID- 6605341 TI - Purification of mouse interleukin 2 to apparent homogeneity. AB - A procedure has been developed for the rapid purification of mouse interleukin 2 (IL2) to apparent homogeneity, using gel filtration, anion exchange, hydrophobic chromatography, and reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). IL2 eluted at a high concentration of acetonitrile on HPLC (approximately 40%), well removed from other proteins. This protocol did not resolve isoelectric variant forms of IL2. Both the biological activity and protein migrated as a band of apparent molecular weight 22,000-23,000 on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It had a high potency, producing 30% of the maximal response in T cell growth at a concentration of 2-4 X 10(-12) M. Mouse Il2 synthesized in a wheat germ cell-free translation system behaved similarly on RP-HPLC as the form secreted by EL4 cells. Thus, the hydrophobicity of mouse IL2, which facilitates its purification, is an intrinsic property of the protein, determined primarily by its amino acid sequence. PMID- 6605342 TI - von Willebrand factor. A protein which binds at the cell surface interface between platelets. AB - von Willebrand factor (VWF) functions in platelet aggregation, a form of cellular interaction. In vitro analysis of platelet aggregation, as measured by the platelet aggregometer, requires addition of a promoter such as the glycopeptide antibiotic ristocetin. Native multimeric VWF (Mr = 1-20 X 10(6)) can be reduced with sulfhydryl reagents to a monomeric state (Mr = 2 X 10(5)). In this study, the binding of bovine VWF and ristocetin to bovine platelets was investigated using fluorescence anisotropy of derivatized monomer protein and ristocetin and also by radioisotope methods using 125I-labeled monomer and native protein. Ristocetin bound to bovine platelets but not to VWF. VWF binding to formaldehyde fixed platelets was dependent on the presence of a promoter such as ristocetin. The monomer and multimer VWF bound equally well in the presence of low ristocetin concentrations. Under these conditions, plots of VWF binding versus platelet concentration were sigmoidal, indicating positive cooperativity with respect to platelets. At higher (100 micrograms/ml) ristocetin concentrations, the binding curve was no longer sigmoidal. Ristocetin promoted the formation of small platelet aggregates, an effect that was amplified by the presence of VWF. In fact, all conditions which resulted in monomer or multimer VWF binding to platelets also caused formation of platelet aggregates observed by light microscopy. These combined results were consistent with VWF binding only to the interface between proximal platelets. High affinity binding could be provided by the presence of two cell surfaces and the resulting multiple binding interactions. Polycations, such as poly(L-lysine) and Polybrene, also promoted the formation of platelet aggregates and facilitated the binding of VWF to platelets. Physiological platelet activators such as thrombin, ADP, and collagen also facilitated VWF binding to native platelets and caused platelet aggregation. It appears possible that any process which causes the surface membranes of platelets to become spatially close will allow expression of VWF activity. PMID- 6605343 TI - Purine and pyrimidine metabolism in human T lymphocytes. Regulation of deoxyribonucleotide metabolism. AB - Purine and pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside metabolism was studied in G1 and S phase human thymocytes and compared with that of the more mature T lymphocytes from peripheral blood. Both thymocyte populations have much higher intracellular deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) pools than peripheral blood T lymphocytes. The smallest dNTP pool in S phase thymocytes is dCTP (5.7 pmol/10(6) cells) and the largest is dTTP (48 pmol/10(6) cells), whereas in G1 thymocytes, dATP and dGTP comprise the smallest pools. While both G1 and S phase thymocytes have active deoxyribonucleoside salvage pathways, only S phase thymocytes have significant ribonucleotide reduction activity. We have studied ribonucleotide reduction and deoxyribonucleoside salvage in S phase thymocytes in the presence of extracellular deoxyribonucleosides. Based on these studies, we propose a model for the interaction of deoxyribonucleoside salvage and ribonucleotide reduction in S phase thymocytes. According to this model, extracellular deoxycytidine at micromolar concentrations is efficiently salvaged by deoxycytidine kinase. However, due to feedback inhibition of deoxycytidine kinase by dCTP, the maximal level of dCTP which can be achieved is limited. The salvage of both deoxyadenosine and deoxyguanosine (up to 10(-4) M) is completely inhibited in the presence of micromolar concentrations of deoxycytidine, whereas the salvage of thymidine is unregulated resulting in large increases in dTTP levels. Moreover, significant amounts of the salvaged deoxycytidine is used for dTTP synthesis resulting in further increase of dTTP pools. The accumulated dTTP inhibits the reduction of UDP and CDP while stimulating GDP reduction and subsequently also ADP reduction. The end result of the proposed model is that S phase thymocytes in the presence of a wide range of extracellular deoxyribonucleoside concentrations synthesize their pyrimidine dNTP by the salvage pathway, whereas purine dNTPs are synthesized primarily by ribonucleotide reduction. Using the proposed model, it is possible to predict the relative intracellular dNTP pools found in fresh S phase thymocytes. PMID- 6605344 TI - Subunit composition of oligomeric human von Willebrand factor. AB - The oligomerization of human endothelial cell-synthesized von Willebrand factor (vWf) has been studied by gel chromatography in columns of Sephacryl S-500 and by discontinuous agarose gel electrophoresis. A quantitative recovery of high Mr vWf oligomers has been obtained after binding to a monoclonal anti-vWf-Sepharose adduct. This reagent has been used to analyze gel filtration chromatographic elution profiles of [35S]methionine-labeled culture medium and cell lysate. It was determined that high Mr oligomers are present in endothelial cell lysates as well as in the medium overlying these cells and are composed of Mr 225,000 subunits. When vWf oligomers were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of a reducing agent, the Mr 240,000 subunit (provWf) was not observed to oligomerize beyond the dimer stage to a significant degree. Therefore, vWf oligomerization appears to be facilitated by conversion of provWf subunits to mature vWf subunits, most likely by proteolytic removal of sequences unique to the intracellular precursor. PMID- 6605345 TI - 5'-bromoacetamido-5'-deoxyadenosine. A novel reagent for labeling adenine nucleotide sites in proteins. AB - We have synthesized and characterized 5'-bromoacetamido-5'-deoxyadenosine (5' BADA), a new reagent for labeling adenine nucleotide binding sites in enzymatic and regulatory proteins. 5'-BADA possessed exceptionally high solubility and stability in aqueous buffers between pH 5.0 and 8.6 at 25 degrees C. A Dixon plot of data from enzyme kinetic measurements showed that 5'-BADA is a competitive inhibitor of NADH oxidation by 3 alpha,20 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase with a Ki value of 11.8 mM. This compares with a Ki value of 10 mM for adenosine under similar experimental conditions. Incubating 5'-BADA with a 3 alpha,20 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase at pH 7.0 and 25 degrees C caused simultaneous loss of both 3 alpha and 20 beta activity. The enzyme inactivation reaction proceeded by a first order kinetic process. The rates of enzyme inactivation as a function of 5'-BADA concentration obeyed saturation kinetics. 2-Bromoacetamide, at ten times the maximum concentration of 5'-BADA, had no measurable effect on enzyme activity during 25 h of incubation. NADH and AMP protected 3 alpha,20 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase against inactivation by 5'-BADA. The results suggest that 5'-BADA inactivates the enzyme by irreversibly binding to the adenine domain of the NADH cofactor binding region at the catalytic site of 3 alpha,20 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Irreversible binding follows from an alkylation reaction between the bromoacetamido side chain of 5'-BADA and an amino acid at or near the enzyme catalytic site. 5'-BADA is presented as a new reagent for selectively labeling amino acid residues at the adenine nucleotide binding sites of enzymatic and regulatory proteins. PMID- 6605346 TI - Pre-steady state beta-lactamase kinetics. The trapping of a covalent intermediate and the interpretation of pH rate profiles. AB - The hydrolysis of sodium 3-dansylamidomethyl-7-beta (thienyl-2')-acetamido-ceph-3 em-4-oate, catalyzed by the beta-lactamase of Staphylococcus aureus PC1, has previously been shown (Anderson, E. G., and Pratt, R. F. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 11401-11404) to follow the reaction scheme Formula; see text. where ES' is an enzyme-substrate complex in which the substrate has undergone nucleophilic attack at the beta-lactam carbonyl group and P is product. Acid quenching of the reaction mixture has now been shown to yield, in amounts predicted by the rate constants, a covalent enzyme-substrate complex. The liability of this complex in alkaline solution is suggestive of that of an ester. Together, all of these results prove that the turnover of this apparently normal substrate by a class A beta-lactamase involves an acyl-enzyme intermediate. In the case of another fluorescent substrate, dansylcephalexin, no intermediate analogous to ES' accumulated during catalysis; presumably here, acylation of the enzyme is rate determining. The pH profiles (pH 4-9) of the pre-steady state rate constants for hydrolysis of the former substrate have also been determined. Binding (1/K8) is pH invariant except at low pH where it weakens, probably because of substrate protonation and/or a protein conformational change. The rate constants, k2, k-2, and k3, are pH invariant at low pH but decrease at higher pH in a way which can be described by ionization of an essential acid of pKa around 7.7. This may be the same acid for each constant, being either an active participant at the active site, or a more distant acid which controls an essential conformational change. PMID- 6605347 TI - Amplification of adenosine deaminase gene sequences in deoxycoformycin-resistant rat hepatoma cells. AB - Deoxycoformycin-resistant rat hepatoma cells exhibit up to a 2000-fold increase in adenosine deaminase activity compared to the sensitive parental cells. The increased enzyme activity in these cells is accompanied by similar increases in 1) the amount of adenosine deaminase protein, 2) the relative rate of adenosine deaminase synthesis in vivo, and 3) adenosine deaminase mRNA activity. To further investigate the mechanism(s) responsible for the overproduction of adenosine deaminase in these cells, we have isolated a recombinant plasmid containing a 1.4 kilobase insert complementary to at least part of the adenosine deaminase mRNA. Using this cDNA as a specific hybridization probe, all deoxycoformycin-resistant variants were shown to have increased amounts of adenosine deaminase mRNA and gene sequences. The relative increase in the level of mRNA and gene copy number was similar to the relative increase in enzyme activity for most resistant cell lines. However, the degree of adenosine deaminase gene amplification in one deoxycoformycin-resistant cell line (6-10-200) was 3-4-fold less than the relative increase in adenosine deaminase mRNA. These results indicate that the increased adenosine deaminase activity in deoxycoformycin-resistant rat hepatoma cells is due in large part, but not exclusively, to gene amplification. PMID- 6605348 TI - CT of the cranium in head injury. AB - Computed tomography (CT) allows fast, accurate diagnosis of intracranial bleeding so that the role of cerebral angiography in acute trauma is now quite limited. Management of the patient with multiple injuries including head injury may differ from that of patients with head injury alone. Several different intracranial abnormalities may occur immediately after injury and during the following few days, including intracranial bleeding and edema. CT is of great help in following the clinical course of such patients. PMID- 6605349 TI - Optimal conditions for proliferation of bone marrow-derived mouse macrophages in culture: the roles of CSF-1, serum, Ca2+, and adherence. AB - A method is described for the analysis of [3H]-thymidine incorporation in microtitre cultures of bone marrow-derived mouse macrophage responding to macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1). [3H]-thymidine incorporation depends on cell density, culture medium, and the concentration of CSF-1 and serum, but is independent of Ca2+. Bone marrow-derived macrophages are strongly adherent, but adherence can be dissociated from [3H]-thymidine incorporation. PMID- 6605350 TI - Correction for the presence of intravascular oxygen-15 in the steady-state technique for measuring regional oxygen extraction ratio in the brain: 2. Results in normal subjects and brain tumour and stroke patients. AB - Values of regional cerebral oxygen extraction ratio and oxygen utilisation obtained with the oxygen-15 steady-state inhalation technique have been found to be overestimated due to the signal from intravascular oxygen-15. A previously described method to correct for this intravascular component has been applied to a series of studies on normal subjects, and on brain tumour and stroke patients. With this correction the regional cerebral oxygen extraction ratio in normals becomes comparable to the global values previously reported with arteriovenous sampling techniques. Within the lesions of brain tumour and stroke patients, the corrections have been found to be variable and often substantial. It is concluded that failure to apply this correction may result in major errors in the values for regional oxygen extraction ratio and oxygen utilisation. This is especially true when the regional blood flow and oxygen extraction ratio of a tissue is low and regional blood volume is high. PMID- 6605351 TI - On the uniqueness of cerebral blood flow measured by the in vivo autoradiographic strategy and positron emission tomography. AB - Factors are examined in this report which govern the uniqueness and sensitivity of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), as determined by an in vivo autoradiographic strategy and positron emission tomography (PET), and a series of theorems is derived which specify conditions under which a unique relationship between cumulative cranial activity of the tracer (C) and regional blood flow (f) may be assured. It is demonstrated that, independent of the specific form of the arterial tracer input function, flow is a unique function of C whenever the start time (T1) of the PET scan is coincident with the start of tracer infusion. Other theorems state that, even for nonzero T1S, a unique solution for flow may be expected, as long as the duration of the scan is sufficiently short. The implementation of this theory is illustrated using arterial tracer activity curves obtained in three normal subjects by a multiple arterial sampling procedure following the bolus i.v. infusion of 20-30 microCi of [15O]water. Based on these arterial curves, it is confirmed that the C vs. f relationship resulting from scan parameters T1 = 0 and T2 = 1.5 min (i.e., a PET scan of 90 s commencing with tracer infusion) has an excellent separation of flow values within the range of physiological interest, whereas a 90-s scan beginning at time T1 = 1.7 min results in poorer separation of flow values and loss of the monotonic relationship between C and f at higher flows. The results of this study serve to clarify the in vivo autoradiographic method for measuring rCBF in humans and help to define favorable study parameters for assuring uniqueness and sensitivity of the flow measurement. PMID- 6605352 TI - Use of size-exclusion and ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography for the isolation of biologically active growth factors. AB - Size-exclusion and ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography were used to purify biologically active growth factors as measured by the ability of the factors to stimulate DNA synthesis in 3T3 cells. Chromatography was performed in aqueous buffer and at neutral pH to avoid possible inactivation of biological activity. The growth factors analyzed were chondrosarcoma growth factor (CHSA GF), human milk growth factor (HMGF), retinal-derived growth factor (RDGF) and mouse epidermal growth factor (EGF). CHSA-GF, HMGF, and RDGF were eluted from TSK 2000 columns as well-defined peaks of activity with molecular weights of 12,000 15,000, 5000-6000, and 16,000-18,000, respectively. EGF was found to have an abnormally low molecular weight after chromatography on TSK 2000. However, incorporation of guanidine . HCl into the TSK column resulted in the elution of EGF at its known molecular weight of ca. 6000. Anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography on AX 300 was used for the purification of HMGF and RDGF, and cation-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography on CM 300 was used for the purification of CHSA-GF. The results show that size-exclusion and ion exchange chromatography can be used without organic solvents or extremes in pH to purify a number of different growth factors successfully with retention of biological activity. PMID- 6605353 TI - Fast chromatofocusing of human serum proteins with special reference to alpha 1 antitrypsin and Gc-globulin. AB - A new chromatofocusing medium, MonoP, was used for fast (60 min or less) separations of human serum proteins. Separations in the broad pH interval 6.0-3.8 were analysed by fused rocket immunoelectrophoresis to identify a number of proteins, and by gradient gel electrophoresis to determine the molecular weight distribution of the eluted material. To illustrate further the high resolving power of chromatofocusing, narrow pH intervals of about 0.5 pH units were used to study the microheterogeneity of alpha 1-antitrypsin and Gc-globulin. Due to its high resolving power and preparative capacity, chromatofocusing is attractive as the first dimension in two-dimensional techniques for the resolution of complex protein mixtures. PMID- 6605354 TI - Rapid separation of plasma steroids by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with timed collection of fractions. PMID- 6605355 TI - Salivary and plasma androstenedione and 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. AB - Androstenedione (A-dione) and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) levels were measured in matched samples of saliva and of plasma collected from patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (eight patients) and 11-hydroxylase deficiency (one patient). Positive correlations were found between salivary and plasma values of either steroid with correlation coefficients of 0.968 for A-dione and 0.935 for 17-OHP. All five inadequately treated patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency had greatly elevated plasma and salivary 17-OHP concentrations compared to values in age matched controls. In two of three well controlled patients plasma 17-OHP levels were less than 40 nmol/liter and salivary levels were less than 1.5 nmol/liter, the upper limits which have been formulated as a guideline for monitoring control in treated CAH patients. Patients in good control had A-dione levels in plasma (0.6-2.2 nmol/liter) and saliva (0.04-0.15 nmol/liter) which were both within the normal range for prepubertal children (0.14-2.40 nmol/liter and 0.02-0.25 nmol/liter respectively). Patients in poor control had A-dione levels in plasma of 5.2-25.4 nmol and in saliva of 0.50-2.21 nmol/liter. These values exceeded without exception the normal ranges for their respective ages. Salivary A-dione and 17 OHP determinations are a useful adjunct in the diagnosis and the monitoring of CAH patients since they can be obtained easily and nonstressfully. PMID- 6605356 TI - Effect of estrogen on vitamin D metabolism in tall girls. AB - To determine the effect of estrogen on vitamin D metabolism in pubertal girls, we studied 16 tall girls treated with a daily dose of 4-8 mg estradiol valerate to curtail excessive adult height. In all but one girl the plasma concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D) increased to values significantly higher than the corresponding pretreatment value (P less than 0.0005). The ratio of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25-(OH)2D) to 25-hydroxyvitamin D decreased in all girls (P less than 0.0005). The vitamin D binding protein (DBP) also increased significantly after estrogen (P less than 0.025), and there was a significant positive correlation between the plasma concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D and DBP (r = 0.66; P less than 0.0005). The free fraction of 1,25-(OH)2D remained unchanged after estrogen. It appears that estrogen treatment increases the plasma concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D. The effect might be explained by the concomitant increase in DBP and/or by estrogen stimulation of renal 1 alpha-hydroxylase. PMID- 6605357 TI - Urinary gamma-carboxyglutamic acid and serum osteocalcin as bone markers: studies in osteoporosis and Paget's disease. AB - Osteocalcin is a major bone matrix protein with high affinity for hydroxyapatite. This property is conferred by several residues of the calcium-binding amino acid gamma-carboxyglutamate (Gla), which requires vitamin K for its biosynthesis. Because this protein may play a role in the local control of calcium deposition or removal in mineralized tissue, we measured circulating osteocalcin levels and urinary excretion of its breakdown product, Gla, in patients with osteoporosis and Paget's disease. Studies were conducted either on a metabolic ward or in ambulatory patients. Diagnoses were established by clinical and laboratory findings, and were confirmed by histological examination in 19 of 26 patients with osteoporosis. Mean urinary Gla excretion was increased (P less than 0.001) in patients with osteoporosis by 50% above the normal mean; serum osteocalcin, however, was not significantly different from normal. In Paget's disease patients, this pattern was reversed; serum osteocalcin levels were increased 3 fold (P less than 0.001), while urinary Gla excretion was consistently normal, regardless of the extent or activity of the disease. These data demonstrate that measurements of urinary Gla and serum osteocalcin may provide important insights into the metabolic derangements in these and other bone disorders. PMID- 6605358 TI - Immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing factor concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal disorders. AB - The concentrations of immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing factor (I-CRF) in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured utilizing immunoaffinity chromatography and RIA in patients with no endocrine disease, patients with Cushing's disease, Nelson's syndrome, Sheehan's syndrome, Addison's disease and steroid treated patients. On high performance liquid chromatography, the elution profile and retention time of I-CRF in CSF were not identical with ovine CRF. I CRF concentrations in CSF from patients with Cushing's disease and Sheehan's syndrome were lower than those from normal subjects, however those from patients with Nelson's syndrome and Addison's disease were within the normal range. I-CRF concentrations in CSF from patients with Cushing's disease returned to normal levels 2-9 months after pituitary adenomectomy. These results suggest that CSF I CRF concentrations are reduced by increased plasma corticosteroid levels. PMID- 6605359 TI - Comparison of outer membrane protein subtypes of Haemophilus influenzae type b isolates from healthy children in the general population and from diseased patients. AB - Over a 12-month period we obtained throat cultures from 1,448 children less than 5 years of age attending well-child clinics and identified 24 carriers of Haemophilus influenzae type b (1.7%). The outer membrane protein subtypes of the strains from the carriers were compared to the subtypes of isolates from 50 patients with Haemophilus type b disease hospitalized in St. Louis, Mo., during the same period (1981 to 1982), and the latter were compared to the subtypes of isolates from 51 patients hospitalized between 1977 and 1980. There were no significant differences in the frequencies of the five most common subtypes (1L, 1H, 2L, 2H, and 3L), comparing isolates from the carriers to those from the patients. However, 5 of the 24 throat isolates had the unusual 13L subtype compared with only 1 of the 50 invasive isolates (P = 0.02). The lower frequency of 13L strains among the invasive isolates suggests that type b isolates with this subtype may be less pathogenic than type b isolates with other subtypes. Subtype 2L strains accounted for only 2% of recent cerebrospinal fluid or blood isolates, compared with 22% of those from 1977 to 1980 (P = 0.02). Subtype 1H and 3L strains together accounted for 73%, compared with 47% of the earlier ones (P = 0.02). Thus, temporal shifts may also occur in the subtype distribution of Haemophilus type b strains causing invasive disease in a community. PMID- 6605360 TI - Influence of inoculum growth phase on microdilution susceptibility tests. AB - Two types of commercially available microdilution trays were inoculated with log phase cultures, stationary-phase cultures, and direct suspensions of 18- to 24-h colonies, with essentially comparable results. Direct pick-up of colonies was also tested with two Prompt inoculation systems (3M Co.); they were found to be convenient and reliable methods for standardizing inocula without preincubation in broth and without turbidity adjustment. PMID- 6605361 TI - Primary peritonitis due to Haemophilus influenzae type b in a previously healthy child. AB - A case of primary peritonitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b biotype 2 in a 3-year-old child is described. The organism was isolated from peritoneal fluid. This is the first case of documented peritoneal infection due to this species in a patient who showed no evidence of being immunocompromised. PMID- 6605362 TI - Pneumonia and bacteremia associated with Haemophilus influenzae serotype d. AB - Haemophilus influenzae serotype d was isolated from three women with pneumonia and underlying cardiopulmonary disease. Two of the strains were isolated from blood, and the third strain was isolated from sputum. The biotypes of the isolates were I, IV, and VI. PMID- 6605363 TI - Haemophilus influenzae biotype VII. AB - A hitherto unreported biotype of Haemophilus influenzae is described. The isolate is noncapsulate and fails to decarboxylate ornithine or hydrolyze urea but is a strong indole producer. Its frequency is low. It is suggested that this newly recognized biotype of H. influenzae be designated biotype VII. PMID- 6605364 TI - Viability of Trichomonas vaginalis in vitro at four temperatures. AB - The effect of temperature as a possible factor on the survival of Trichomonas vaginalis for shipment or routine laboratory maintenance was studied. Ten strains of T. vaginalis, ATCC 30001, ATCC 30238, and eight clinical isolates, were examined for viability when kept incubated at 37 degrees C or removed from this temperature and held at 42, 22, or 5 degrees C for increasing lengths of time without subculture or reincubation at 37 degrees C. The order in which the strains remained viable without subculture was: 5 degrees C, 8 to 10 days; 22 degrees C, 4 to 8 days; 37 degrees C, 4 to 6 days; 42 degrees C, less than 2 days. Vials of medium with cells were also held at 22 and 5 degrees C and then reincubated at 37 degrees C. Cultures held at 22 degrees C remained viable 6 to 8 days, whereas those stored at 5 degrees C remained viable 10 to 14 days. These data show that T. vaginalis withstands a wide range of temperatures, particularly below normal growth temperatures without subcultures, beyond what would be expected in mailing cultures. PMID- 6605365 TI - The development of the force-velocity relation in normal and dantrolene-treated frog single muscle fibres. AB - The force-velocity (P-V) relation for single fibres isolated from the semitendinosus muscle of the frog was determined at preset times during the rise of tension and the plateau of isometric tetani. The controlled-velocity release method was used. Experiments were performed at a sarcomere length of about 2.25 micrometer. Addition of dantrolene-sodium (DaNa) to Ringer's solution resulted in a large reduction of the peak twitch tension and of the speed of rise of twitch and tetanic tensions. The plateau tetanic tension was either unaffected or only slightly reduced by DaNa. In all fibres the speed of rise of isometric tension after a quick release imposed at the tetanus plateau was not affected by DaNa. DaNa did not significantly affect the observed value of V0 and the calculated values of Hill's constants V0, P0, a/P0 and b for the P-V relation determined at the tetanus plateau. In accordance with previous work, during the tetanus rise the P-V relation gradually attained its final characteristics, but there was a significant delay of the development of the isometric tension with respect to the development of the P-V relation. Treatment of the fibre with DaNa increased both the development time of the P-V relation and the level of isometric tension at which during the tetanus rise the P-V relation attained its final characteristics. It is concluded that DaNa, which inhibits the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, also depresses the rate of development of activation. PMID- 6605366 TI - Suppression of in vitro monoclonal human rheumatoid factor synthesis by antiidiotypic antibody. Target cells and molecular requirements. AB - Previous studies have indicated that antiidiotypic antibody can modulate expression of idiotype both in vivo and in vitro. Although the precise mechanisms underlying modulation of idiotype expression by antiidiotype remains unclear, a requirement for intact IgG antiidiotypic antibody has been suggested and T cells appear to play a role in some systems. We have studied peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) from a patient with a B cell lymphoma and a circulating IgMK rheumatoid factor (RF) paraprotein in an effort to delineate mechanisms involved in regulation of idiotype expression by antiidiotypic antibody. 1-10% of MNL from this patient could be cytoplasmically stained with specific F(ab')2 antiidiotypic antibody. MNL from the patient spontaneously synthesized IgM RF in culture that possessed the same idiotype as the circulating IgM RF paraprotein. Production of RF by MNL was suppressed by pretreatment with either intact IgG or the F(ab')2 fragments of antiidiotypic antibody (50% inhibitory concentration was 0.2 and 1.1 micrograms/culture, respectively). In contrast, the Fab' fragment of antiidiotypic antibody was not inhibitory (up to 57 micrograms/culture) despite retaining demonstrable antiidiotype activity. Suppression of RF production was not observed over the same concentration range with the IgG or F(ab')2 fractions of a non-cross-reactive antiidiotypic antibody prepared against another monoclonal IgMK RF paraprotein or with IgG or F(ab')2 fractions prepared from normal rabbit serum. Inhibition of RF production by antiidiotypic antibody did not require T cells. Antiidiotypic antibody decreased intracellular and extracellular levels of idiotype indicating diminished synthesis of idiotype by the patient's B cells. Synthesis of IgM RF by MNL obtained from unrelated donors was not suppressed by the antiidiotypic antibody specific for the patient's paraprotein. The results indicate that (a) antiidiotypic antibody is capable of directly suppressing human B cell release of idiotype, (b) the bivalent antigen-binding fragment (F[ab']2) of antiidiotypic antibody is sufficient for mediating such suppression, (c) an intact Fc portion of antiidiotypic antibody enhances suppression of idiotype, and (d) antiidiotypic antibody inhibits idiotype expression by suppressing synthesis of idiotype. PMID- 6605367 TI - Effects of energy delivery via a His bundle catheter during closed chest ablation of the atrioventricular conduction system. AB - In this paper we summarize our experience and report the characteristics of energy delivery in 23 patients who have undergone closed chest ablation of the normal atrioventricular (AV) conduction system for the treatment of refractory supraventricular arrhythmias. The induction of AV block was achieved by the synchronous delivery of electrical energy with a damped sinusoidal waveform utilizing a standard direct current defibrillator and a standard tripolar His bundle catheter. The procedure was well tolerated, though one patient experienced ventricular fibrillation, which was uneventfully converted with external paddles. Complete AV block was achieved in 20 of 23 patients and all were rendered arrhythmia free, though two still required antiarrhythmic drugs. A stable escape rhythm was seen in all patients with a cycle length of 1,294 +/- 243 ms. Creatine phosphokinase-MB was positive at low levels in 19 of 23 patients and cleared within 24 h. 99mTc pyrophosphate scans were faintly positive in only 2 of 22 patients. Left ventricular wall motion and ejection fractions were unchanged in 19 of 19 patients, two-dimensional echocardiography with microcavitation technique was unchanged in 12 of 12 patients, and a slight increase in pulmonary artery wedge pressure was seen in only 1 of 11 patients. Current, voltage, and their product (power) waveforms were recorded in 12 patients (12 recordings at a defibrillator setting of 200 J and 5 recordings at a defibrillator setting of 300 J) and revealed a complex voltage-current relationship due to changes occurring at the catheter electrode-tissue interface. At 200 J the peak values were 42.2 +/ 3.3 A, 2.16 +/- 0.11 kV, and 87.9 +/- 4.7 kW, while at 300 J the peak values were 58.2 +/- 2.8 A, 2.40 +/- 0.10 kV, and 134.4 +/- 6.7 kW, respectively. No instance of catheter disruption was seen, though "pitting" of the distal electrode (through which current passed) occurred in all but one catheter. PMID- 6605368 TI - Hyper IgM immunodeficiency. A primary dysfunction of B lymphocyte isotype switching. AB - Immunological evaluations (lymphocyte markers, B cell differentiation, T cell function) were performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from four individuals with hyper IgM immunodeficiency. Number, proportion, and proliferation of T lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subpopulations were relatively normal in affected individuals. The percentage and number of B cells expressing surface IgM and IgD were either normal or elevated in both blood and lymph nodes. However, surface IgG- and IgA-bearing B lymphocytes were completely absent. In vitro stimulation of blood lymphocytes with both T cell-dependent and T-cell independent polyclonal B cell activators resulted in normal numbers of IgM plasma cells and IgM secretion in cultures, but failed to induce any IgG- or IgA producing cells. This failure of isotype switching was intrinsic to the B cell population and did not involve aberrant T cell help or suppression. Therefore, individuals with this disorder possess an intrinsic B cell dysfunction that is not related to abnormal T cell regulation. PMID- 6605369 TI - Cleavage and inactivation of Factor IX by granulocyte elastase. AB - Radioiodinated Factor IX was cleaved by a crude sonicate from leukocytes. In the absence of calcium, fragments of less than 15,000 mol wt were seen from reduced samples on gel electrophoresis. After digestion in 2 mM calcium, however, electrophoresis of reduced samples showed, in addition to low molecular weight fragments, protein bands corresponding in size to heavy and light chains of Factor XIa-activated Factor IX. The cleaving activity in leukocyte sonicates was inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor, but only to a small extent by aprotinin. Granulocyte elastase was isolated from purified polymorphonuclear leukocyte granules by affinity chromatography on soybean trypsin inhibitor-agarose and further chromatography on carboxymethyl cellulose. The purified fraction contained two isozymes on acidic gels which cleaved both an ester sensitive to elastase and radiolabeled Factor IX. These two activities were inhibited by elastase-specific chloromethyl ketone. The isolated protease fraction rapidly inactivated apparent Factor IX activity in a coagulant assay system. The degree of inactivation correlated with the amount of intact, radiolabeled Factor IX cleaved. As with the crude sonicate, generation of the larger heavy and light chain-sized fragments was dependent upon calcium. To assess directly the effect of elastase on Factor IX, an immunospecific, active site-directed assay was developed. In this assay, the sample was incubated with solid-phase antibody to Factor IX and the amount of activated product was detected as that which had complexed with radioiodinated antithrombin III. In this system, exposure of Factor IX to Factor XIa showed progressive increase in the ability to bind antithrombin III, whereas after elastase, Factor XIa was unable to generate antithrombin III binding. The elastase-degraded Factor IX did not inhibit activation of additional Factor IX in clotting assays. When Factor IXa was incubated with elastase, binding of antithrombin III was decreased, corresponding to appearance of low molecular weight fragments on parallel samples that were reduced and electrophoresed. These data are consistent with elastase inactivating Factor IX by cleaving bonds near, but distinct from, bonds cleaved by Factor XIa. PMID- 6605370 TI - Topical protection against long-wave ultraviolet A. AB - A PABA ester-oxybenzone preparation is superior to PABA or sulisobenzone alone in protecting the skin from methoxsalen-induced ultraviolet A (UVA) phototoxicity after water substantivity challenge. Such a mixture would be useful as a UVA screen for uninvolved or actinically damaged skin in patients receiving psoralens and ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy. An effective topical UVA screen also may protect against UVA-induced diseases like solar urticaria, polymorphic light eruptions, drug-induced phototoxicity or photoallergy, and possibly against the deep degenerative changes of solar elastosis. PMID- 6605371 TI - Effects of antigen stimulation and interleukin-1 on in vivo splenic zinc changes in the A/J mouse. AB - The roles of zinc in immune responses continue to be defined and its impact on a broadening list of immune functions reported. Fundamental to the operation of zinc-dependent processes may be shifts in tissue zinc. Since the spleen is a site of activation, proliferation, and differentiation of lymphocytes, we examined changes in copper and zinc levels in spleens of antigen-stimulated A/J mice. Antigen stimulation with human immunoglobulin G and heat killed Staphylococcus aureus was compared with the actions of a nonantigenic inflammatory agent CaCl2. Between-group variations in copper and zinc with antigen treatment were compared in heart, liver, and spleen tissues. The zinc contents of spleens from antigen treated mice were elevated, as were liver levels of the essential trace element. There were no significant increases in copper levels associated with antigen treatment. CaCl2-treated animal spleens demonstrated decreases in spleen copper and zinc content that were related to weight changes in the spleens, but not to specific treatment effects. Changes were suggestive of Interleukin-1 (IL-1) actions, which led to direct studies of IL-1 actions on splenic zinc. Partially purified IL-1 was injected into the tail vein and heart of A/J mice; liver and spleen zinc levels were determined 16 and 40 hours after injection. Significant increases in liver and splenic zinc concentrations were measured at both time intervals after IL-1 treatment. Antigen stimulation and, more directly IL-1, were related to stimulated increases in splenic zinc.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6605372 TI - Mucosal antibody response to parenteral vaccination with Haemophilus influenzae type b capsule. AB - The simultaneous serum and mucosal antibody response to parenteral vaccination with the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) polysaccharide capsule (PRP) was evaluated in a group of 10 children and nine adults. All subjects responded to parenteral vaccination with an increase in serum anticapsular antibody. The children's preimmunization anti-PRP antibody level (mean = 0.04 microgram/ml) and 3 wk postimmunization level (mean = 19.3 micrograms/ml) were lower than the adults' (preimmunization mean = 1.5 microgram/ml; postimmunization mean = 81.2 micrograms/ml). Eight of 10 children and seven of nine adults also developed a rise in antibody in nasal secretions. The children's mean nasal preimmunization level was 0.74 microgram/mg IgA and mean postimmunization level was 5.0 micrograms/mg IgA. The adults' mean nasal preimmunization level was 0.98 microgram/mg IgA and mean postimmunization level was 3.0 micrograms/mg IgA. Salivary antibody responses generally followed the pattern of nasal antibody responses. These data suggest that parenteral administration with the Hib capsular polysaccharide can produce a mucosal antibody response. Furthermore, although serum antibody responses to PRP vaccination are greater in adults than in children, mucosal antibody responses are comparable. PMID- 6605373 TI - Recommended vision standards for police officers. AB - A recommended vision standard for police officers is presented. The visual capabilities needed to perform various police duties are described. A specific vision standard, along with criteria for screening referral or screening failure are given for each category of visual skills required for police work. PMID- 6605374 TI - Early histopathologic changes in experimentally replanted extremities. AB - Early serial histologic changes in replanted extremities have not been well defined; their contribution to a suboptimal functional result is unknown. With the use of a rat hind limb replantation model to address this question, we studied tissues of the replanted legs by light microscopy from 1 to 60 days after replantation. Although early lesions were consistent with ischemic injury, the chronic preparations were remarkably normal, and the lesions were more consistent with denervation. Poor function in clinical replantations may be a reflection of more pronounced versions of these pathologic lesions. PMID- 6605375 TI - Electrical stimulation of scaphoid fractures. PMID- 6605376 TI - Population dynamics of T lymphocytes. Renewal rate and expansion in the peripheral lymphoid organs. AB - This study investigated the renewal patterns of T lymphocytes in mice. T cell subpopulations in the thymus, bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes of normal, shamthymectomized, thymectomized, and splenectomized + thymectomized BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice were identified with monoclonal antibodies to Thy-1, Lyt-1, and Lyt 2 antigens at different times after the administration of hydroxyurea in a regimen shown to deplete cycling cells. As assessed in control experiments, hydroxyurea was not toxic to noncycling lymphocytes and it had no immediate effect on the numbers of mature peripheral T lymphocytes. The injection of hydroxyurea, however, was followed by a decline of T cell numbers to approximately 50% of initial values 24 to 76 hr later, demonstrating that 50% of peripheral T lymphocytes have a short lifespan and indicating the rapid renewal of T cells at the periphery. Furthermore, differential renewal rates were observed in T cell subpopulations defined both by differentiative Lyt phenotype and spleen or lymph node localization. These findings reveal that although the majority of peripheral T cells are not in cycle, they belong to a rapidly renewing population derived after a short transition time from their dividing precursors. The relative contribution of the thymus and of post-thymic expansion to the renewal of the peripheral T cell pool was also evaluated. The results demonstrate high renewal rates in the peripheral T cell compartment, indicate that post-thymic T cells are competent to undergo considerable expansion, and suggest homeostatic mechanisms that regulate the total numbers of peripheral T cells even in thymectomized individuals. PMID- 6605377 TI - B lymphocyte lineage cells in newborn and very young NZB mice: evidence for regulatory disorders affecting B cell formation. AB - As adults, NZB mice have a severe deficiency of identifiable precursors of B lymphocytes, but this is preceded by a time when B cells and their immediate precursors are present in bone marrow in elevated numbers. Our present studies indicate that the final stages of B cell formation may be proceeding at a greater than normal rate at 4 wk of age. At this time, large numbers of sIg- B cell precursors can be identified in NZB but not in normal CBA/H or DBA/2 marrow that can respond to mitogens in semisolid agar cultures without preculture. Colony formation by these precursors was dependent on the presence of Sephadex G-10 adherent cells in the suspensions. In this respect, 4-wk-old NZB marrow was similar to spleen and liver of normal CBA/H newborn mice. Mixing experiments suggested that hyperactive regulatory cells present in young NZB marrow may promote functional maturation of normal pre-B cells from CBA/H or DBA/2 mice. In addition, potent substances present in the serum of young but not older NZB mice produced the same effect. Factor-mediated enhancement of clonal proliferation by sIg- precursors was not dependent on adherent cells and required more than brief exposure of the cells to young NZB serum. These are all indications that abnormalities of B lineage differentiation in young NZB marrow may be attributable to microenvironmental elements. Congeneic, B cell-deficient NZB.xid mice, however, lacked hyperactive regulatory cell function and serum factors that characterize NZB mice of this age. A study was also made of B cell precursors in newborn spleen and liver of NZB mice, and abnormal shifts of populations of B lineage cells were already present by that time. These observations support previous contentions that humoral immunity is precocious and abnormally regulated in NZB mice. PMID- 6605378 TI - Polyclonal activation of the murine immune system by an antibody to IgD. IV. In vivo activation of B lymphocytes from immune defective CBA/N mice. AB - Previous studies with BALB/c mice have established that the injection of a goat antibody to IgD (GaM delta) induces splenic B lymphocytes to undergo T independent, polyclonal increases in cell surface (s) Ia expression, size, and DNA synthesis 1 day after injection, as well as T-dependent maintenance of this activation and differentiation into sIgG1+ cells and IgG1-secreting cells 6 to 7 days after injection. Because B lymphocytes from mice homozygous or hemizygous for the CBA/N X-linked immune defect fail to proliferate in vitro when cultured with soluble anti-Ig antibodies, yet can make in vivo primary antibody responses to T-dependent antigens, we studied the effects of injecting (CBA/N X DBA/2)F1 male mice (immune defective) and (CBA/N X DBA/2)F1 female mice (phenotypically normal) with 800 to 1600 micrograms of GaM delta. B cells from immune defective mice demonstrated definite but distinctly subnormal increases in B cell size, DNA synthesis, and sIa expression 1 to 5 days after GaM delta injection, but by day 7 showed increases in these parameters as well as in the percentages of splenic sIgG1+ cells and IgM-secreting cells that were similar to those exhibited by the immunologically normal mice. However, IgG1 secretion by the immune defective mice was at this time only one-fourth to one-half as great as that observed with normal mice. Our data raises the possibility that the differentiation of B cells into IgG1-secreting cells may be more dependent upon the GaM delta-induced activation steps that are defective in CBA/N mice than is the differentiation of B cells into IgM-secreting cells or into sIgG1 cells. PMID- 6605379 TI - Genetic analysis of the inheritance of B cell hyperactivity in relation to the development of autoantibodies and glomerulonephritis in NZB x SWR crosses. AB - Autoimmune NZB mice have a primary B cell abnormality manifested by spontaneous hypersecretion of IgM in short-term cultures. The purpose of this study was to characterize the genes that specify this intrinsic B cell defect and determine their relationship to "autoimmunity" genes. The increase in IgM secretion was shown to result from two independently segregating genetic traits: a) an increased number of IgM-containing cells, and b) an increased rate of secretion of IgM per cell. In this study, approximately 600 NZB, SWR, F1, F2, and reciprocal back-cross mice were hemisplenectomized at 5 to 6 months of age to determine the number of IgM-containing cells and the secretion of IgM in 4-hr cultures. These animals were followed prospectively for the development of anti DNA (native and denatured) and anti-red blood cell autoantibodies, and proteinuria, and studied at autopsy for the development of glomerulonephritis. The severity and incidence of renal lesions was influenced to some extent by the presence of B cell hyperactivity. However, a proportion of F2 and backcross progeny mice that did not show B cell hyperactivity eventually developed autoantibodies and autoimmune disease. PMID- 6605380 TI - In vitro analysis of allogeneic lymphocyte interaction. VIII. Characterization of helper components of allogeneic effect factor (AEF) that activate Lyb5+ and Lyb5- B cells to respond to thymus-dependent and thymus-independent antigens. AB - We analyzed the ability of an allogeneic effect factor (AEF), produced using alloactivated A.SW (H-2s) responder T cells and irradiated A/WySN (H-2a) T cell depleted stimulator spleen cells, to enhance the responsiveness of Lyb5+ and Lyb5 B cells to thymus-dependent (TD) and thymus-independent type 1 (TI-1) and type 2 (TI-2) antigens. We found that normal adult male CBA/CaHN (Lyb5+ + Lyb5-) B cells are activated by unfractionated AEF in primary in vitro IgM antibody responses to the SRBC (TD), TNP-LPS (TI-1), and TNP-Ficoll (TI-2) antigens. Adult male xid CBA/N (Lyb5-) B cells are activated by unfractionated AEF to respond to TNP-LPS but to neither SRBC nor TNP-Ficoll. Gel filtration of AEF on ACA 54 resolves several helper components. One component, which is I-Ak restricted in its activity and may represent a secreted form of an Ia antigen T cell receptor, interacts with histocompatible and functionally competent CBA/CaHN or CBA/N antigen-presenting cells to activate a primary anti-SRBC response of CBA/CaHN B cells but not of CBA/N B cells. A second antigen-nonspecific and H-2 nonrestricted AEF component, which consists of interleukin 2 and possibly also interleukin 1, activates anti-SRBC and anti-TNP-Ficoll responses of both CBA/CaHN B cells and CBA/N B cells. Such CBA/N B cell responses were potentiated by this AEF component only after its biochemical fractionation and only in the presence of a limiting number of T cells. These data indicate that both Lyb5+ and Lyb5- B cells are responsive to TD, TI-1, and TI-2 antigens in the presence of ancillary antigen-nonspecific help. They are also consistent with the notion that T helper cell activation of Lyb5+ B cells is H-2 nonrestricted and that T helper cell activation of Lyb5- B cells is H-2 restricted. PMID- 6605381 TI - Relationship of germinal centers in lymphoid tissue to immunologic memory. VI. Transfer of B cell memory with lymph node cells fractionated according to their receptors for peanut agglutinin. AB - We isolated germinal center B cells by exploiting their high affinity for peanut agglutinin (PNA). The PNA+ and PNA- B cells, fractionated by panning on PNA coated petri dishes, were examined for their ability to transfer memory responses to irradiated recipients at various times after priming. With such fractionated B cells from lymph nodes taken at the peak of germinal center formation, the largest response was obtained in recipients of the PNA+ B cell population. At 4 to 5 wk after priming, and 10 days after challenge with an unrelated antigen, memory responses were approximately equal in recipients of PNA+ or PNA- B cells. At 14 wk after priming, memory responses were found only in recipients of the PNA B cell population. Memory B cells from the spleen, taken from mice primed in the footpad 8 wk earlier, were also PNA-. Finally, we show that boosting with a TNP conjugate in the footpad, 6 mo after priming in the same footpad, induced the reappearance of marked memory responsiveness in the PNA+ B cell fraction of the draining node. PMID- 6605382 TI - Dual contribution of embryonic ventral blood island and dorsal lateral plate mesoderm during ontogeny of hemopoietic cells in Xenopus laevis. AB - The early embryonic development of hemopoietic cells in Xenopus laevis was examined. Either dorsal lateral plate (DLP) or ventral blood island (VBI) mesoderm was reciprocally transplanted between cytogenetically distinct (2N or 3N) stage 14 to 19 (neural fold) embryos. F-DNA content of circulating erythrocytes was assayed at stages 40, 41, 43, 45, and 49. The F-DNA content of cells in the thymus and mesonephros was assayed at stage 49. F-DNA values were used to distinguish between donor or host origin of hemopoietic cells in individual animals. The results demonstrated that DLP mesoderm gave rise to a population of stem cells that colonized the thymus and mesonephros, but not the blood. VBI mesoderm gave rise to a population of stem cells that colonized the blood and thymus, but not the mesonephros. These experiments show that there are two stem cell compartments in the amphibian embryo, separated in both space and time. PMID- 6605383 TI - Monocyte-independent stimulation of human B lymphocytes by phorbol myristate acetate. AB - Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) induces a low level of proliferation in purified human B lymphocytes when added in nanomolar concentrations to the culture medium. Much higher levels of thymidine incorporation, however, are obtained in the presence of other B cell stimuli such as anti-IgM antibodies or Staphylococcus aureus Cowan Strain 1 (SAC). The peak activity of PMA was observed on day 3 of B cell cultures containing either anti-IgM or SAC. The rigorous depletion of monocytes as well as add-back experiments indicate that the effect of PMA on anti IgM-stimulated B cells is not mediated by the stimulation of accessory cells. Thus, PMA acts as a very potent mitogenic agent for human B cells under culture conditions that are commonly used to assess B cell growth factor activity. PMID- 6605384 TI - Phenotype of the accessory cell necessary for mitogen-stimulated T and B cell responses in human peripheral blood: delineation by its sensitivity to the lysosomotropic agent, L-leucine methyl ester. AB - The lysosomotropic compound L-leucine methyl ester (Leu-OMe) was utilized to delineate the phenotype of the accessory cells involved in human B and T cell activation in vitro. Leu-OMe was shown to cause lysosomal disruption and selective death of human monocytes (M phi). After 30-45 minute incubations with this agent, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) were nearly completely depleted of M phi. Associated with this M phi depletion, PBM were rendered unresponsive to a variety of T and B cell mitogens including the plant lectins phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen as well as the oxidative mitogens sodium periodate and neuraminidase plus galactose oxidase. Leu-OMe mediated loss of responsiveness was the result of a selective loss of an accessory cell necessary for each of these responses since reconstitution was accomplished by the addition of a M phi-enriched adherent cell population. While intact adherent cells could reconstitute responsiveness, crude M phi supernatants or highly purified human IL 1 alone were ineffective. Further identification of the Leu-OMe sensitive accessory cell indicated that it was entirely contained within the fraction of the adherent population identified by the monoclonal anti M phi antibody, 63D3. The mechanism by which Leu-OMe Killed M phi was dependent on the lysosomal content of these cells, since agents that altered lysosomal enzyme activity such as chloroquine or NH4Cl protected M phi from Leu-OMe. Thus, the selective killing of M phi by Leu-OMe appeared to relate to the characteristically rich endowment of lysosomes within these cells. These results support the conclusion that a lysosome-rich, leucine methyl ester-sensitive, intact M phi identified by the monoclonal anti-M phi antibody 63D3 is the circulating accessory cell required for mitogen-triggered human B and T cell activation. PMID- 6605385 TI - OKT8 antibody inhibits OKT3-induced IL 2 production and proliferation in OKT8+ cells. AB - We studied IL 2 production and proliferation induced by OKT3 mitogenic monoclonal antibody in the OKT8+ T cell subset. OKT3 antibody induced IL 2 production and proliferation in OKT8+ cells in a typical time-dependent manner: maximal IL 2 levels were found in 24 hr culture supernatants; maximal proliferation was found on day 3. OKT3 antibody was mitogenic over a wide range of concentrations (0.125 to 500 ng/ml). The presence of OKT8 antibody (greater than or equal to 100 ng/ml) in these cultures resulted in almost complete inhibition of IL 2 production and proliferation. Kinetic studies demonstrate that OKT8 antibody suppresses both IL 2 production and response to exogenous IL 2 in OKT8+ cells when added within the first 2 hr of culture. After 14 to 20 hr of culture, addition of OKT8 only blocks IL 2 production but not the IL 2 response of activated OKT8+ cells. The specificity of inhibition by OKT8 antibody of OKT3 mitogenicity on OKT8+ cells was confirmed by the failure of Leu-I and OKT4 antibody to produce the same effect and by the lack of inhibition by OKT8 antibody of OKT3-induced IL 2 production and proliferation in OKT4+ cells. PMID- 6605386 TI - Enhanced responsiveness of committed macrophage precursors to macrophage-type colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1) induced in vitro by interferons alpha + beta 1. AB - Contrasting effects of interferon alpha + beta (IFN) on colony-stimulating factor (CSF) induced macrophage stem cell proliferation resulted when nucleated murine femoral marrow cells were exposed to IFN either before addition of CSF or simultaneously with CSF. Responsiveness to macrophage type L cell CSF was measured by two different assays: by determination of [3H]thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation and by enumeration of colonies formed in response to CSF. Incubation of nucleated marrow cells concurrently with CSF and IFN resulted in depressed proliferation that was dependent on the dose of IFN. Preincubation of marrow cells with IFN, however, produced a dose-dependent enhancement of CSF responsiveness in comparison to preincubation of marrow cells in the absence of IFN. The enhancing effect of IFN was observed only when preincubated cells were stimulated with suboptimal concentrations of CSF. At optimal CSF concentrations, differences were not observed in either 3H-TdR incorporation or in colony formation. On the basis of data accumulated by both assays for CSF responsiveness, IFN pretreatment was hypothesized not to increase the total population of existing progenitor cells, but to influence the capacity of pre existing progenitor cells to respond to suboptimal doses of the growth factor. PMID- 6605387 TI - Interleukin 2 is not sufficient for the continuous growth of cloned NK-like cytotoxic cell lines. AB - Interleukin 2 (IL 2) has been strongly implicated as the agent responsible for the continuous growth of T cell lines in vitro. In the present study we confirmed that IL 2 alone could support the growth of a widely used cytotoxic T cell line. In contrast, we found that IL 2 was not sufficient to support the long-term growth of cloned NK-like cytotoxic lymphocyte cell lines. Whereas such lines would grow indefinitely in concanavalin A-induced mouse spleen cell supernatant, they would only grow for short periods (2 to 3 days) in the IL 2-containing supernatant of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated LBRM-33 tumor cells, or in IL 2 partially purified from spleen cell or LBRM-33 supernatants. The addition of concanavalin-A or interferon (type beta or gamma) to these supernatants did not improve growth. By contrast, the NK-like cells proliferated equally well in a short-term (24-hr) assay, irrespective of the source of IL 2 (spleen or LBRM-33 supernatant, or partially purified IL 2). Furthermore, the NK-like cells readily depleted IL 2 from the medium, either during growth at 37 degrees C or by absorption at 4 degrees C. It is concluded that at least some cytotoxic cell lines require both IL 2 and other, as yet unidentified, spleen cell-derived factors for long-term growth. PMID- 6605388 TI - In vitro induction of cytotoxic polymorphonuclear leukocytes by supernatant from a concanavalin A-stimulated spleen cell culture. AB - Rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) pretreated with supernatant of a spleen cell culture stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A sup) inhibited 3H-thymidine uptake of various syngeneic, allogeneic, and xenogeneic tumor cells. Con A sup treated PMN were cytostatic not only to tumor cells but also to embryonal fibroblasts and normal Con A blasts. Stimulated PMN also killed some tumor cells, as shown by 3H-uridine release assay. Cytostasis by Con A sup-treated PMN began at a very early phase of incubation, but in the cytolysis assay, incubation for more than 12 hr was required to obtain significant killing. The time required for activation of cytostatic PMN by Con A sup was short (5 min was enough) if high titers of Con A sup were used for activation. PMN-stimulating activity of Con A sup was not abrogated by treatment at 60 degrees C for 30 min or by change of pH from 1 to 11. The mechanisms of cytotoxicity by Con A sup-treated PMN are discussed. PMID- 6605389 TI - Identification of a viral antigen recognized by H-2-restricted cytolytic T lymphocytes on a murine leukemia virus-induced tumor. AB - Monoclonal antibodies were produced against protein p30, a structural protein of murine leukemia viruses (MuLV) coded by the gag gene of MuLV. Three monoclonal antibodies of different isotypes (i.e., IgG-1, IgG-2a, and IgG-2b) were chosen for extensive analysis. These three antibodies bound to mouse tumor cells induced by Friend, Moloney, Rauscher, and Gross MuLV, but not to noninfected normal mouse spleen cells. The ability of these monoclonal antibodies to inhibit cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity by masking the antigens recognized by CTL on the target cell surface was studied in various CTL systems. It was found that the only CTL that were consistently inhibited in their lytic activity came from BALB.B (H-2b) mice immunized against syngeneic Gross MuLV-induced B.GV cells. These results thus showed that a subpopulation of BALB.B anti-Gross MuLV CTL recognized a Gross MuLV gag gene product expressed on the surface of B.GV cells. PMID- 6605390 TI - The use of supernatants from neuraminidase and galactose oxidase (NAGO)-treated lymphocytes as a source of T cell growth factor. AB - Human peripheral blood or tonsil lymphocytes produce T cell growth factor (TCGF), when activated with neuraminidase (NA) and galactose oxidase (GO). Partial purification of NAGO-TCGF on Sepharose G-100 columns gave a TCGF-active fraction within the same molecular weight range as the conventional lectin-induced TCGF (approximately 15,000 Da). Human T cells, activated in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) with irradiated allogeneic EB-virus transformed B-cells (LCL) could be maintained in continuous culture for several months with retained functional activities. The cells showed similar growth patterns when cultured in the presence of either NAGO-TCGF or PHA-TCGF. The growing cells were characterized by means of monoclonal antibodies. After 4 weeks of culture 98% of these were OKT3+ and 87% were also OKT8+. The cytolytic activities of the cultures were tested in cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) against allogeneic LCL as target cells, in natural cytotoxicity (NK) against K562 cells and in antibody dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC) against bovine erythrocytes. Cultures displaying one or several of these functions were obtained. The results indicate, that TCGF obtained from supernatants of NAGO-activated lymphocytes is as potent as the T cell growth promoting factor obtained by lectin stimulation. One major advantage of using NAGO-generated TCGF is that contamination with lectin is avoided. PMID- 6605391 TI - Plasminogen activator in cultured human epidermal cells. AB - Primary cultures of human epidermal cells produce plasminogen activator (PA) as demonstrated by the ability of conditioned medium or cell lysates to hydrolyze fibrin in the presence of plasminogen, and to cleave [125I]plasminogen to characteristic fragments. The major molecular species of PA in human epidermal cells was inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate and comigrated in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with the high molecular weight band of human urokinase (Mr 55,000). Production of PA by human epidermal cells was inhibited by cycloheximide, stimulated by colchicine, and not affected by cytochalasin B or the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate. Both cholera toxin and epidermal growth factor stimulated PA activity in human epidermal cells, and PA activity was maximal at concentrations that best support in vitro growth of human epidermal cells. Examination of individual cells indicated that at least 15% of cells within a culture produced detectable amounts of PA. PMID- 6605392 TI - Characterization of cell proteins of Haemophilus ducreyi by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB - The whole-cell proteins of 105 clinical isolates of Haemophilus ducreyi from several geographic sources (North America, Africa, Asia, and Europe) were examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The protein profiles were reproducible and unaffected by repeated subculturing or age of culture. At least seven different subtypes were determined by proteins in the molecular weight range of 24,000-50,000. These proteins are located in the outer membrane of the cell, as determined by SDS-PAGE of the sarcosinate insoluble membrane preparations of these strains. Thirteen isolates from a Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, outbreak of chancroid had identical patterns, suggesting a common origin. Although H ducreyi shares a number of proteins in common with other Haemophilus species, the protein profiles appear to be species specific. Heterogeneity in the protein composition of H ducreyi has provided a basis for subtyping, which could be of value in future epidemiologic studies. PMID- 6605393 TI - Nonspecific induction of beta-lactamase in Enterobacter cloacae. AB - Since the introduction of the new beta-lactamase-stable beta-lactam compounds, inducible beta-lactamases have become increasingly important clinically [1]. It has recently been pointed out that most beta-lactam antibiotics appear to be affected by these derepressed enzymes either by hydrolysis or by the nonhydrolytic barrier mechanism [2]. Until now, it has generally been assumed that beta-lactamases are induced only by the beta-lactam compounds themselves. We investigated an E cloacae strain that exhibited high levels of resistance to most beta-lactam antibiotics. (MICs were greater than 32 micrograms/ml, except for N formimidoyl thienamycin and the penem compound Sch 29482). Spontaneous production of beta-lactamase (after overnight culture in Isosensitest broth) was only marginal. However, the induction potency of Schaedler's broth even exceeded that of cefoxitin, which is known to be a good inducer [2]. We evaluated the induction potency of various cyclic compounds, such as amino acids, vitamins, purine derivatives, and steroid hormones. Only tryptophane, thiamine, folic acid, and hemine proved to be effacious inducers. Consequently, we explored the possibility that biological fluids also exhibit induction potency. The addition of inactivated serum (at a concentration of 25%) to the Isosensitest medium led to an enzyme induction comparable to that of cefoxitin. Similar results could be obtained with the addition of pleural fluid, CSF, or urine. These observations confirm the previous report that Morganella morganii strains produced considerable amounts of beta-lactamase even in a group of animals that did not receive treatment with beta-lactam compounds (granuloma pouch model) [3].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6605394 TI - Class-specific antibody response to Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide vaccine. AB - Bacteremic infections caused by H influenzae type b have their peak incidence in children around one year of age, at a time when the serum antibody response to the capsular polysaccharide is very low [1, 3]. The capsular polysaccharide vaccine has in fact been shown to be efficacious in preventing the disease above but not below the age of 18 months [1]. Preliminary observations supported the notion that slow maturation of cells that synthesize antibody to H influenzae type b altered immunoglobulin class distribution of the response and resulted specifically in a defective IgG antibody response [1]. We have used a solid-phase ELISA to measure the class-specific antibody responses in 14 infants and children vaccinated with the capsular polysaccharide vaccine. We found that, among the infants who were less than 18 months old and whose antibody response was generally low, the response was only IgG-specific in two children and only IgM specific in two others. In one child an IgG and IgM response was detected, and in two no response was detected. Among the older children, all children showed an increase in IgG antibody; only two also had an increase of IgM antibody. IgA antibodies were not detectable in any preimmune sera. The first IgA antibody responses were seen at the age of 15 months but were common thereafter. These data do not indicate a specific defect of IgG-class antibodies in the antibody response to the capsular polysaccharide vaccine. PMID- 6605395 TI - Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against influenza virus-infected cells. AB - The three major immunocompetent cells in human peripheral blood (lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes) were shown to be effector cells for antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against influenza virus-infected baby hamster kidney cells in vitro. Lymphocyte cytotoxicity was mediated by FcIgG receptor-bearing null cells and T gamma cells. These effector populations were best defined by HNK-1, a monoclonal antibody to human natural killer and ADCC mediator cells. Antibody responsible for ADCC against influenza virus-infected cells was detectable in sera of young children after natural infection and after vaccination with inactivated and live attenuated viruses. ADCC antibody appeared before hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody and persisted for at least one year after vaccination with live attenuated vaccine. ADCC antibody was subtype specific but quite broadly reactive within a subtype. Both hemagglutinin and neuraminidase were antigenic determinants for ADCC antibody. An anamnestic response to the original strain was observed after challenge with influenza virus of a heterologous subtype. PMID- 6605396 TI - [Gastrointestinal hemorrhage following cardiac surgery--its relation to acute postoperative renal failure]. PMID- 6605397 TI - [Aortocoronary bypass--clinical studies]. PMID- 6605398 TI - [Detection of gingival bleeding with ortho-tolidine impregnated test paper and bleeding index]. PMID- 6605399 TI - Factors influencing the incorporation of fibronectin into synovial fluid cryoprotein. AB - Methods of synovial fluid collection and processing known to affect cryoprotein formation were examined to investigate the proposed role of fibronectin in synovial fluid cryoprecipitation. Fibronectin, a nonimmunoglobulin, noncomplement synovial fluid protein was present in all resolubilized synovial fluid cryoproteins studied. Radiolabeled fibronectin was precipitated from rheumatoid synovial fluid to a significantly greater extent (10%) than from noninflammatory (osteoarthritic) synovial fluid (2.8%), normal plasma (1.3%), or normal serum (0.5%) (p less than 0.01). Clotting of synovial fluid reduced fibronectin concentration 44% and resulted in a reduction in the amount and percent incorporation of fibronectin into cryoprotein, whereas heparinization and hyaluronidase treatment increased cryoprecipitable fibronectin. Affinity depletion of synovial fluid fibronectin resulted in loss of C1q and reduction in IgG in the cryoprotein; however, fibronectin, C1q, and IgG could not be co-eluted from affinity matrices of gelatin and protein A-Sepharose. Cryoprotein formation from pathologic synovial fluid depends in part on fibronectin and appears to involve interactions between fibronectin and fibrinogen as well as immunoglobulin complexes and complement components. PMID- 6605400 TI - Risk factors in left main coronary artery stenosis. Experience with 296 surgical patients. PMID- 6605401 TI - Pennhurst, Romeo, and Rogers. The Burger Court and Mental Health Law Reform Litigation. PMID- 6605402 TI - The informed intermediary doctrine and the pharmacist's duty to warn. PMID- 6605403 TI - Lethal injection. An uneasy alliance of law and medicine. PMID- 6605404 TI - Critical role of ring structure in the differential uptake of cholesterol and plant sterols by membrane preparations in vitro. AB - To determine the role of the ring structure in the differential absorption of sterols, we have used rat jejunal brush border vesicles and erythrocytes to examine the uptake of cholesterol, campesterol, and sitosterol following successive chemical degradations of rings A and B. The cell and membrane preparations were incubated with the sterols and sterol analogues (about 30 micromolar each) dissolved in 7 mM sodium taurocholate and 0.6 mM egg phospholipid. The uptake of the analogues was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and capillary gas--liquid chromatography. In both membrane preparations, the uptake of the 7-dehydroanalogues of cholesterol, campesterol, and sitosterol was linear with time. 7-Dehydrocholesterol was absorbed 4-5 times faster than 7-dehydrositosterol by both preparations. The uptake of the campesterol analogue was intermediate between that of the analogues of cholesterol and sitosterol at all time points. Following conversion of the 7 dehydrosterols to their calciferol derivatives, the 27-carbon sterols were absorbed only 1.9 and 1.4 times faster than those of the 29-carbon sterols by the erythrocyte and brush border membranes, respectively. A similar degree of selectivity was expressed in the erythrocytes during the uptake of a steroid series possessing keto-4-ene ring system. Complete oxidation of the calciferol derivatives to the des-AB-8-ones resulted in a total loss of discrimination among the various side-chain homologues during absorption from micellar solutions. It is concluded that the selective absorption of animal and plant sterols depends upon the presence of a ring system having the bulk of the cholestane nucleus, although not necessarily a rigid or planar one containing a hydroxyl group. PMID- 6605405 TI - Twenty years of endodontic treatment. PMID- 6605407 TI - Role of the H-2 complex in the induction of T cell tolerance to self minor histocompatibility antigens. AB - The present study has utilized cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses specific for minor histocompatibility (minor H) antigens as an experimental approach to determining whether recognition of self MHC determinants is involved in the induction of T cell tolerance to self antigens. It was observed that C3H.SW splenic T cells from C3H.SW leads to B10 X B10.BR radiation bone marrow chimeras contained CTL precursors (pCTL) reactive against self C3H minor H antigens + H-2k but were tolerant to self C3H minor H antigens + H-2b. Precursor CTL with the reciprocal reactivity pattern were observed for C3H leads to B10 X B10.BR chimeras. In addition, it was observed that C3H.SW thymocytes from C3H.SW leads to B10 X B10.BR chimeras could generate minor H-specific CTL responses and were reactive against self C3H minor H antigens + H-2k, but were tolerant to self C3H minor H antigens + H-2b. Thus, the present study demonstrates that for peripheral and intrathymic T cell populations at least a component of T cell tolerance to self antigens is restricted by products of the MHC. PMID- 6605406 TI - T cell-replacing factor for glucocorticosteroid-induced immunoglobulin production. A unique steroid-dependent cytokine. AB - Glucocorticosteroids (GCS) added to otherwise unstimulated cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) induce the synthesis and secretion of all classes of immunoglobulin. The magnitude of this response is similar to that seen with other polyclonal B cell activators such as pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and like that of PWM, the steroid effect is dependent on both T cells and monocytes. To determine the cellular target for GCS in these cultures, separated populations of T cells and non-T cells were preincubated with steroids and then recombined. No immunoglobulin was produced in any of these preincubation experiments. As a different approach to this question, supernatants were collected from various cell populations following stimulation with PWM, concanavalin A (Con A), phytohemagglutinin (PHA), alloantigens, or GCS. These supernatants were tested for their effects on GCS-induced Ig production by B cells. Supernatants from 3-d cultures of unstimulated, as well as GCS-treated, PBMC contained a T cell replacing factor that permitted T-depleted PBMC to produce Ig upon steroid stimulation. This supernatant factor (TRF-S) could be produced in the absence of steroid stimulation, but both the factor and GCS were necessary for the induction of Ig synthesis. Production of the TRF-S required the presence of both T cells and adherent cells in culture and was found in the highest concentrations at 3-4 d of culture. Supernatants from cultures stimulated with PWM, PHA, Con A, and alloantigens did not contain detectable TRF-S activity, and TRF-S was unable to replace helper T cells for PWM-induced Ig production. TRF-S required the presence of adherent cells in the T cell-depleted responder population for its action. Further, it was effective in inducing Ig production along with GCS in the presence of a sufficient concentration of cyclosporin A to block all T cell helper activity for primary responses of PBMC to PWM or GCS. TRF-S was inactivated by trypsin treatment, heating to 56 degrees C, freezing, lyophilization, and storage at 4 degrees C for greater than 3 wk. Its molecular weight is probably 10,000 daltons or more, since TRF-S activity is not rapidly dialyzable. These experiments indicate that GCS-induced Ig production by human B cells does not require the presence of intact T cells in the cultures and therefore the steroids are not exerting their influence directly on T suppressor or T helper cells. Furthermore, they demonstrate a previously unrecognized cytokine that induces the differentiation of human B cells to Ig production in the presence of GCS. PMID- 6605408 TI - Purine salvage networks in Giardia lamblia. AB - Purine metabolism in Giardia lamblia was investigated by monitoring incorporation of radiolabeled precursors into purine nucleotides in the log-phase trophozoites cultivated in vitro in axenic media and incubated in buffered saline glucose. The lack of incorporation of formate, glycine, hypoxanthine, inosine, and xanthine into the nucleotide pool suggests the absence of de novo purine nucleotide synthesis and the inability to form IMP as the precursor of AMP and GMP in G. lamblia. Only adenine, adenosine, guanine, and guanosine were incorporated. Further analysis of the labeled nucleotides by HPLC indicated that adenine and adenosine are converted only to adenine nucleotides whereas guanine and guanosine are only incorporated into guanine nucleotides. There is no competition of incorporation between adenine/adenosine and guanine/guanosine, and there is no interconversion between adenine and guanine nucleotides. Results from analyzing [5'-3H]guanosine incorporation indicate that the ribose moiety is not incorporated with the guanine base. Assays of purine salvage enzymic activities in the crude extracts of G. lamblia revealed the presence of only four major enzymes; adenosine and guanosine hydrolases and adenine and guanine phosphoribosyl transferases. Apparently, G. lamblia has an exceedingly simple purine salvage system; it converts adenosine and guanosine to corresponding purine bases and then forms AMP and GMP by the actions of corresponding purine phosphoribosyl transferases. The guanine phosphoribosyl transferase in G. lamblia is interesting because it does not recognize either hypoxanthine or xanthine as substrate. It thus must have a unique substrate specificity and may be regarded as a potential target to attack as a rational approach to chemotherapeutic control of giardiasis. PMID- 6605411 TI - [2 cases of histiocytosis X emphasizing the variations of skin manifestations, histopathological and electron microscopic findings]. PMID- 6605409 TI - B cell repertoire diversification precedes immunoglobulin receptor expression. AB - 68 monoclonal antibodies specific for the hemagglutinin (HA) of the influenza virus, PR8, were obtained from sIg- bone marrow B cell precursors stimulated in splenic fragment cultures. Reactivity pattern (RP) analysis demonstrated that these anti-HA antibody responses included at least 29 distinguishable clonotypes. Comparison of the specificities of anti-HA antibodies obtained from sIg- bone marrow cells with those obtained from adult spleen cells indicates that the anti HA repertoires of the two populations are comparable in diversity. Since the sIg- bone marrow B cell precursor pool presumably has not encountered V region specific regulatory mechanisms in vivo, our data suggest that substantial diversification of the B cell repertoire precedes surface immunoglobulin (sIg) expression and subsequent interaction with environmental regulatory processes. PMID- 6605410 TI - Mouse spleen dendritic cells present soluble antigens to antigen-specific T cell hybridomas. AB - In the presence of the soluble polypeptide antigens ovalbumin and keyhole limpet hemocyanin, purified mouse spleen dendritic cells induce the secretion of IL-2 by antigen-specific T cell hybridomas. This response is H-2 restricted and can be specifically inhibited by monoclonal anti-I-A. These data indicate that dendritic cells can present soluble antigen to H-2-compatible T cells. PMID- 6605412 TI - [Nd-YAG laser endoscopy for the treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding]. PMID- 6605413 TI - [Clinical features of ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 6605414 TI - Intersarcomere dynamics of single muscle fibers during fixed-end tetani. AB - The contraction dynamics of end and center regions of single fibers have been measured during fixed-end tetani. Experimental control and data acquisition are provided by a digital system that can acquire diffraction data as fast as every 260 microseconds for 300-700 ms. Tension records are simultaneously displayed on a storage oscilloscope. Resting sarcomere length variation between the end and center regions was analogous to that of Gordon et al. (1966). During the rapid rise in force (less than 45 ms), the end regions contract almost twice as fast as the center regions. During the slow rise in force, the velocity of contraction of the end regions was 3.8 times the velocity of stretch of the center regions. In addition, factors that affected the rate and extent of the slow rise in tension also affected the rate and extent of end shortening. In 58% of the cases studied, the amount of shortening observed in the end region was enough to explain the extent of the slow rise in tension. These data support the explanation of creep first proposed by A. V. Hill (1953) and used by Gordon et al. (1966) to justify their use of the back-extrapolation technique in measuring the isometric force generating capability of a single fiber. These data also indicate that the laser diffraction technique may provide an effective, noninvasive method for studying sarcomere dynamics during creep and related phenomena. PMID- 6605415 TI - The effect of membrane-bound beta-lactamase on linoleic acid sensitivity in Staphylococcus aureus. AB - The presence of a plasmid conferring resistance to penicillin (PC plasmid, e.g. pI258blaI-) in Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 8325 increases the sensitivity of such a bacterium to the growth inhibitory effects of linoleic acid, whereas a plasmid conferring resistance to tetracycline does not affect linoleic acid sensitivity. The increased linoleic acid sensitivity of bacteria containing a PC plasmid may be related to the penicillinase protein itself since (i) strains having inducible penicillinase show increased sensitivity only after induction, (ii) strains in which penicillinase is directed from chromosomal or plasmid-borne genes show similar increased linoleic acid sensitivity and (iii) notwithstanding the above, the linoleic acid inhibitory effect is enhanced in a strain in which penicillinase activity is greatly reduced by a point mutation in the structural gene for penicillinase. The enhanced linoleic acid sensitivity seems to require the membrane-bound penicillinase since added extracellular penicillinase does not confer this sensitivity, and there appears to be a specific interaction between the membrane-bound penicillinase activity and linoleic acid. PMID- 6605417 TI - Performance of collimators used for tomographic imaging of I-123 contaminated with I-124. AB - Iodine-123 prepared from the 124Te(p,2n)123I reaction is contaminated with between 3% to 5% I-124 when imaging is performed. The effects of such a mixture were evaluated for medium-energy and low energy general-purpose collimators on a commercially available rotating gamma camera equipped to perform tomography. The planar sensitivity for I-123 was less for the general-purpose collimator, varying between 0.84 and 0.85 in water relative to that measured for the medium energy collimator. Counts due to scattering or septal penetration of I-124 photons were greater for the general-purpose collimator (36%) than for the medium-energy collimator (15%). Evaluation of the higher-frequency components of the modulation transfer functions confirmed that the low-energy general-purpose collimator is expected to offer significantly more contrast information at frequencies above 0.21 cycles/cm. This is expected to contribute to image quality when studies are performed with collimators of similar design. PMID- 6605416 TI - Relationship between lipophilicity and brain extraction of C-11-labeled radiopharmaceuticals. AB - The brain extraction of fifteen C-11-labeled compounds during a single capillary transit was studied in adult baboons by external detection of these tracers after injection into the internal carotid artery. The log Poct (partition coefficient for octanol/water) values of these compounds range from --0.7 to greater than 4.0. A parabolic relationship was found between the log Poct value of the C-11 labeled compounds and the fraction of the radiopharmaceutical entering the brain. Compounds with log Poct values between 0.9 and 2.5 were found to pass freely across the blood-brain barrier at a cerebral blood flow of 100 ml X min-1 X hg-1. An apparently decreased extraction of very lipophilic compounds was shown to be related to binding of the tracer to blood components and macromolecules (red blood cells, albumin, etc.). These data suggest that a radiopharmaceutical designed to measure blood flow should have a log Poct value of between 0.9 and 2.5. PMID- 6605418 TI - Measurements of regional tissue and blood-pool radiotracer concentrations from serial tomographic images of the heart. AB - Quantification of myocardial tissue kinetics from serial tomographic images is limited because of bidirectional cross-contamination of recorded counts between myocardium and blood for metabolic tracers with relative slow blood clearance. We have developed and validated a new deconvolution technique that permits calculation of spillover fractions derived from geometric measurements of the imaged cross section (wall thickness, chamber diameter) and the intrinsic resolution of the tomograph. Serial gated positron-emission computerized imaging (PCT) and a-v blood sampling across the heart were performed in five dogs for 45 min after i.v. C-11 palmitate (CPA) and in five dogs for 3 hr after i.v. F-18 deoxyglucose (FDG). Tracer concentrations in myocardial tissue and arterial blood were also measured in vitro. Uncorrected PCT tissue and blood concentrations correlated poorly with in vitro measurements. After correction for count crossover, the correlation for FDG in tissue was r = 0.99, for FDG in blood r = 0.97, and for CPA in blood r = 0.99. Deconvolution techniques applied to serial PCT images provide accurate noninvasive measurement of myocardial tracer concentrations and direct determination of the arterial input function required for measurements of myocardial metabolism. PMID- 6605419 TI - Portal obstruction in children. I. Clinical investigation and hemorrhage risk. AB - We examined 108 children with obstruction of the portal vein. Symptoms included splenomegaly and gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage. Obstruction was secondary to portal vein injury in 44 children and was combined with congenital malformations in 17 others. Ultrasonography provided the correct diagnosis in 36 of the 37 children in whom it was performed. Angiography, performed in 101 children, showed that the obstruction extended to the superior mesenteric vein in 14 children and to the entire portal venous system in seven; intrahepatic branches were involved in half the cases. Natural splenorenal shunts were visible in 19 children but were not clearly associated with a lower risk of gastrointestinal tract bleeding; in five of 30 children, cavography displayed abnormalities of the inferior vena cava. Spontaneous gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage occurred in 78 children. Fiberoptic endoscopy showed esophageal varices in 79 of the 81 children studied. The presence of tense varices and congestion of esophageal mucosa clearly augmented the risk of bleeding. These results suggest a simple method of investigation based on ultrasonography for diagnosis and on endoscopy for prognosis. Angiography should be limited to children with a history of gastrointestinal tract bleeding for whom a surgical portosystemic shunt is being considered. PMID- 6605420 TI - Portal obstruction in children. II. Results of surgical portosystemic shunts. AB - Seventy-six children with portal vein obstruction underwent surgical portosystemic shunt, for severe gastrointestinal tract bleeding in 64 and for prophylactic purposes in 12. Endoscopy and angiography or both showed shunt patency in 70 children; thrombosis occurred in the remaining six. The mean age at successful shunt surgery was 6 years 10 months. Early postoperative assessment of shunt patency was judged from regression of splenomegaly and thrombocytopenia when splenectomy was not performed; when done, early postoperative ultrasonography correctly indicated the result. Significant regression of endoscopy was most often delayed postoperatively for up to six months. Children with a proved patent shunt did not have any further episodes of gastrointestinal tract bleeding, displayed no clinical signs of encephalopathy, and often exhibited a striking increase in growth velocity. These results strongly support the contention that a portosystemic shunt is the best treatment for portal vein obstruction after the first spontaneous bleeding episode, even in young children. PMID- 6605421 TI - Effect of immune reconstitution on resistance to Brugia pahangi in congenitally athymic nude mice. AB - The dichotomy of resistance to Brugia pahangi (Nematoda: Filarioidea) between nonsusceptible, euthymic C3H/HeN mice, heterozygotic for the "nu" gene (+/nu), and susceptible, congenitally-athymic "nude" (nu/nu) C3H/HeN mice, suggests that resistance is thymus-dependent. To test this hypothesis, the effect of syngeneic neonatal thymus grafts and neonatal thymus cell suspensions on recovery of worms at day 40 PI, and responses to Concanavalin A (Con A) were examined in reconstituted nudes. Nude recipients of a thymus graft 7 or 14 wk before subcutaneous inoculation with 50 infective larvae (L3) yielded no worms and responded strongly to Con A. Serum from these mice reacted in two lines of identity with serum from similarly-infected heterozygotes by double radial immunodiffusion against an adult worm saline extract. Nude recipients of a thymus 2 days or 3 wk before inoculation harbored an average of three or two worms, respectively. Intravenous injection of nude recipients with 10(7) or 10(8) neonatal thymus cells seven weeks before inoculation was less effective in conferring resistance to B. pahangi and responsiveness to Con A. Complete resistance to B. pahangi could be adoptively transferred to nude mice by 10(8) spleen cells obtained from infection-primed heterozygotes and injected intravenously on the day of larval inoculation. The same numbers of worms were significantly reduced. less effective when injected 3 wk before inoculation, although numbers of worms were significantly reduced. Passive transfer of primed heterozygote serum, containing high titers of antibodies to adult worm and larval antigens, failed to protect nude recipients against a larval inoculum in the absence of cellular reconstitution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6605422 TI - Sclerosing endophthalmitis in children: computed tomography with histopathologic correlation. AB - Three children with histopathologically diagnosed sclerosing endophthalmitis presumably secondary to Toxocara canis were studied by orbital computed tomography. The diffuse increased intraocular density present in the CT scans was indistinguishable from that observed in Coats's disease and non-calcifying retinoblastoma. Although retinoblastoma constitutes the major life-threatening cause of leukocoria in children, a number of other simulating conditions (pseudoglioma) can cause diagnostic confusion. In some cases of leukocoria it is exceedingly difficult to exclude the possibility of retinoblastoma without having to resort to enucleation. The availability of new non-invasive tests may make the distinction between retinoblastoma and pseudogliomas more easily attainable. Computed tomography (CT) has been shown to be of particular value in this regard by demonstrating intraocular calcification within retinoblastoma and rarely in lesions that stimulate it. CT may also be used to more appropriately plan therapy for children with retinoblastoma by assessing the status of the optic nerve and orbit. The exact role of CT in the evaluation of children with leukocoria, however, has not been completely established, since the computed tomographic features of several lesions that simulate retinoblastoma have not been described. The three most common causes of pseudoglioma are persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, Coats's disease and sclerosing endophthalmitis. The latter entity when associated with a characteristic granulomatous inflammation is considered to represent the sequela of Toxocara canis infection of the eye. This report describes the computed tomographic findings in three cases of histologically diagnosed sclerosing endophthalmitis, presumably due to Toxocara canis. PMID- 6605423 TI - Effect of various immunomodulators on the production of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in mouse spleen cell cultures. AB - Among various immunomodulating agents examined, OK-432 (Streptococcus pyogenes cell bodies), BCG (bacillus Calmette-Guerin) and LPS (lipopolysaccharide) were effective in enhancing the production of granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the cultures of mouse spleen cells. Control non stimulated spleen cell cultures accumulated GM-CSF activity maximally on day 3 and lost it subsequently within a few days. On the other hand, a large amount of GM-CSF activity could be detected in the medium until day 9 when OK-432 was added in the culture at the start of incubation. The GM-CSF obtained from OK-432 or LPS stimulated cultures and the GM-CSF obtained from the control non-stimulated culture eluted from an Ultro-gel AcA 34 column at a similar position and inactivated similarly at 80 degrees C. However, these three GM-CSFs behaved in slightly different manners upon isoelectrofocusing. These results suggest that the GM-CSFs produced in increasing amounts by the stimulated spleen cells are similar to that produced by the control non-stimulated cells, but slightly different from one another in the extent of sialylation according to the difference of the stimulant. PMID- 6605424 TI - Single-dose and seven-day trimethoprim and co-trimoxazole in the treatment of urinary tract infection. AB - One hundred and sixteen adults with symptoms of acute urinary tract infection were randomly collected into four groups and given single-dose or seven-day treatment with trimethoprim or co-trimoxazole. Of the 105 patients who completed the study, bacterial urinary infection was present in 70 patients (67 per cent). The rates for symptomatic and bacterial cures were high and indistinguishable between the groups, and there was no difference in the rate of recurrence of urinary infection in the six weeks after treatment. Side effects were lower in the group receiving single-dose trimethoprim (P=0.09). PMID- 6605425 TI - Isolation and characterization of precursors in bacteriophage T4 baseplate assembly. II. Purification of the protein products of genes 10 and 11 and the in vitro formation of the P(10/11) complex. AB - Two bacteriophage T4 proteins which are precursors to the phage baseplate have been purified to homogeneity. These proteins, P10 and P11, are components of the P(10/11) complex, which is the first intermediate in the assembly of T4 baseplate 1/6th arms. Each protein was isolated from cells infected with a T4 amber mutant defective in the production of the other protein. Thus these purified proteins have never been assembled into the P(10/11) complex in vivo. Sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the ability of these proteins to block the phage killing activity of specific antisera were used to monitor the purification steps. Sedimentation equilibrium experiments reveal a molecular weight of 188,000 g/mol for P10 and 60,000 g/mol for P11. These data together with the previously determined molecular weights of the gene 10 and gene 11 polypeptide chains (King & Mykolajewycz, 1973) and the in vivo assembled P(10/11) complex (Berget & King, 1978b) are consistent with P10 being a dimer of the product of gene 10, P11 being a dimer of the product of gene 11, and P(10/11) being a tetramer containing one of each of these dimers. Purified P10 and P11 are active in assembly because they complement 10- and 11- defective extracts, respectively, to form viable bacteriophage in vitro. Furthermore, these proteins assemble in vitro to form a protein structure identical to the P(10/11) complex formed in vivo as determined by non-denaturing gel electrophoresis. This P(10/11) complex formed in vitro complements 10-/11- defective extracts to form viable phage. The overall extent of this in vitro assembly reaction is not affected by NaCl to 1.5 M or 2% Triton X-100. The reaction is, however, prevented by the denaturing effects of urea and sodium dodecyl sulfate. PMID- 6605426 TI - Vitamin A deficiency and associated eye disease. PMID- 6605427 TI - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and postoperative use of narcotic analgesics. AB - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has been reported to reduce the use of narcotic analgesic medication for pain relief in the postoperative period. This study compares the use of narcotic analgesics and the occurrence of postoperative complications in 205 patients who underwent gastric bypass surgery for control of obesity. Seventy-four patients used TENS for postoperative pain relief. The control group comprised 131 patients who did not use TENS. There were no statistically significant differences in the use of narcotic analgesic medication and the occurrence of postoperative complications between the experimental group and the control group. PMID- 6605428 TI - Anti-idiotypic antibodies induce neutralizing antibodies to rabies virus glycoprotein. AB - Rabbit anti-idiotypic antibodies (alpha Id Ab) were prepared against five murine monoclonal antibodies (mAb) specific for the rabies virus glycoprotein. Four of the mAb were directed against three known, type-specific, neutralizing sites on the glycoprotein, and the other mAb was directed against a topographically uncharacterized, nonneutralizing epitope. An absence of significant cross reactivity among the alpha Id Ab for heterologous mAb suggested that the alpha Id Ab were highly specific for unique variable region determinants. The binding of three of the five alpha Id Ab to their homologous mAb could be inhibited by rabies virus-soluble glycoprotein, suggesting that the alpha Id Ab possessed subpopulations similar or adjacent to the antigen-binding site of the mAb. Two of the five alpha Id Ab injected into mice elicited a specific virus-neutralizing antibody response. Mechanisms to account for the induction of the virus neutralizing antibody by alpha Id Ab are discussed. PMID- 6605430 TI - From the NIH: A hormonelike epidermal product stimulates immune reactions. PMID- 6605429 TI - A fps gene without gag gene sequences transforms cells in culture and induces tumors in chickens. AB - From molecularly cloned DNAs of Fujinami sarcoma virus (FSV) and the Schmidt Ruppin-A strain of Rous sarcoma virus (SRA), viral DNA was constructed in which fps-specific sequences encoded in FSV replaced the src gene of SRA. A 3' fragment of FSV DNA, from an ATG methionine coding sequence 148 base pairs downstream from the gag-fps junction through the long terminal repeat, was joined to cloned SRA DNA at the translation start site for the src gene. The resultant DNA clone contained the splice acceptor site for src mRNA processing in SRA, but contained no src coding sequences from SRA nor any gag sequences from FSV. All genes for the replication of SRA were retained. Transfection of this cloned viral DNA genome into chicken embryo fibroblasts induced morphological transformation of the cells in culture. However, the morphology of the transformed cells was distinct from that observed in cells infected with wild-type FSV. The transformed cells produced a nondefective transforming virus called F36 which contained a hybrid FSV-SRA long terminal repeat. F36-infected cells produced a protein with the expected molecular weight of 91,000, which had an associated protein kinase activity and was immunoprecipitated by antibodies raised against fps gene determinants but not by antibodies raised against gag or src proteins. Injection of F36 virus into 8-day-old chicks produced tumors at the site of inoculation, detectable within 7 days. These results demonstrated that the gag portion of the gag-fps fusion protein of FSV is not required for transformation or tumorigenesis. PMID- 6605431 TI - [Anesthesia for acute inversion of the uterus]. PMID- 6605432 TI - [Detection of cancer by radionuclide imaging]. AB - Tumor imaging by radiopharmaceuticals classified into two modalities; The one is a negative imaging, whereby a tumor is depicted as a non-functional cold spot. The other is a positive imaging on the use of tumor seeking agents. The detectability of the tumor as a cold spot has enhanced by introducing the emission computed tomography. A variety of effort to develop specific tumor seeking agents are in progress, by radio-labeling tumor specific antigen and its abnormal metabolic conditions using cyclotron produced radioactive metabolites as well as radiometal compounds. PMID- 6605433 TI - [Clinical aspects of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATLL). (1) Survival rate and prognosis of adult T-cell leukemia]. PMID- 6605434 TI - [Immunologic studies of various diseases with monoclonal antibody (OKT 3, 4, 8)]. PMID- 6605435 TI - [Positron emission CT images and metabolic information]. PMID- 6605436 TI - [Evaluation of arbitrary tomographic images in 201 Tl myocardial ECT (emission computed tomography)]. PMID- 6605437 TI - Effects of twitch train on the tetanic contractility of the frog skeletal muscle. AB - The effects of twitch trains on the contractility of succeeding tetani were investigated in the frog toe muscle. The changes in isometric tension and its first derivative were analyzed. Tetani of 1 sec duration were induced every 5 min and trains of twitches (less than 250) with 0.1 to 3 Hz were interposed between two successive tetani. A twitch train which clearly shows an ascending staircase exerted at least three different effects on the following tetani. These were a rapidly decaying potentiation (P1), a slowly decaying potentiation (P2), and an inhibitory effect (I) which was regarded as fatigue. These after-effects were modified by various interventions. Increasing of the twitch frequency at a constant number of stimuli augmented both the potentiating and the inhibiting effects. When the bath temperature was lowered to 4 degrees C, the potentiation was masked by a marked inhibition. At a higher temperature (28 degrees C) the potentiating effect was facilitated. Prolonged perfusion of low concentration (0.5 mM) of caffeine mimicked the effects of low temperature. Effects of twitch train on the contracture induced by 5 mM caffeine were examined and it was found that the repetitive twitches had no effect on the following caffeine contracture. Although the exact mechanism for these after-effects was not clear, it was assumed that the intracellular calcium turnover may play some role in the observed phenomena. PMID- 6605438 TI - Identification of hemorrhagic site of the intestine by RI-angiography. AB - A 36-year-old man was transferred to our department because of massive malena followed by shock. Gastroduodenal endoscopy revealed no bleeding source in the stomach or the duodenum. RI-angiogram performed immediately after admission revealed a bleeding area at the jejunum and laparotomy was done. The bleeding lesion was detected by exploratory jejunotomy and a jejunectomy was successfully performed over 15 cm, including the lesion. RI-angiogram is useful as selective angiography in the diagnosis of intestinal bleeding and is less invasive. PMID- 6605439 TI - [Right coronary artery reconstruction in infectious endocarditis]. PMID- 6605440 TI - Electron microscopic findings of vitamin D2-induced glomerular lesions in rats. PMID- 6605441 TI - T and B lymphocytes in persistent lymphocytic and leukemic cattle. PMID- 6605442 TI - Establishment and characteristics of cultured lymphoid tumor cell line derived from avian lymphoid leukosis. PMID- 6605443 TI - T-cell lymphoma in a dog with cutaneous lesions. PMID- 6605444 TI - [Liver circulation and central hemodynamics after termination of the blood flow through gastroesophageal anastomoses by the Blakemore tube in patients with portal hypertension]. PMID- 6605445 TI - [The gastroesophageal veins in portal hypertension]. PMID- 6605446 TI - [Leiomyoma of the duodenum, complicated by hemorrhage]. PMID- 6605447 TI - [Centrally caused achromatopsia]. AB - A 65-year-old patient sustained a transient left-sided sensomotoric monoparesis with homonymous hemianopsia. One day later there was an acute deterioration in the patient's vision and he developed achromatopsia, prosopagnosia, disturbance of spatial orientation and a homonymous upper hemianopsia. Six months later the findings are about the same. The CT shows a bioccipital lesion with left-sided accentuation, extending dorsocaudally. The origin of the cerebral infarct is presumably a vertebrobasilar insufficiency due to congestive cardiomyopathy and atrial fibrillation. PMID- 6605448 TI - [Vitrectomy in inflammatory diseases of the posterior segment of the eye]. AB - Eight patients with chronic endogenous uveitis, chorioretinitis, toxoplasmosis and infective endophthalmitis underwent pars plana vitrectomy mainly to improve vision by clearing the media or removing membranes. Beyond this it turned out that in eyes with chronic endogenous uveitis vitrectomy might also alter or diminish the severity as well as the frequency of attacks. The role of the vitreous as an autoimmune agent is discussed. PMID- 6605449 TI - Heterogeneity of T-cell neoplasias as defined by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Surface marker studies were carried out on neoplastic cell samples (peripheral aspirates and skin biopsies) of 302 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas (221 patients) and acute lymphatic leukaemias (81 patients). In 11 patients with non Hodgkin lymphomas (5%) and eight patients with acute lymphatic leukaemia (10%), the neoplastic cells possessed phenotypic characteristics of T cells. The investigations were carried out by means of an indirect immunofluorescence technique using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (OKT 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10; OKM 1; HNK 1 and VIL A 1). In addition, conventional markers (SIg, E-R 4 degrees, E-R 37 degrees, absorbed polyclonal rabbit antithymus and anti-TDT) were used. Our results, which show a pronounced phenotypic surface marker heterogeneity between the group of T-cell neoplasias, emphasize the diagnostic value of monoclonal antisera as compared to polyclonal reagents. Eleven different surface marker profiles were observed in the 19 patients investigated. PMID- 6605450 TI - SSA (Ro)-antibodies in Wegener's granulomatosis. AB - In 4 consecutive cases of Wegener's granulomatosis with glomerulonephritis, antibodies against the extractable nuclear antigen SSA (Ro) could be demonstrated with counterimmunoelectrophoresis. Antibodies were demonstrable on admission and paralleled disease activity while patients were under therapy. This potential serological marker may be of value for diagnosis and follow-up of patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. PMID- 6605451 TI - Study of alpha one antitrypsin activity in lepra reaction. AB - In our earlier study (Yemul et, al, 1983) we have reported elevation of serum alpha one antitrypsin levels in patients of lepromatous leprosy and lepra reaction. In this study estimation of serum alpha one antitrypsin levels in fifty lepra reaction patients (8 of type 1 and 42 of type II) and fifty age and sex matched healthy controls is described. Alpha one antitrypsin levels were elevated in lepra reaction patients (type I--mean value of 332 mg% and S.D. +/- 118.8 and type II--mean value of 450 mg% and S.D. +/- 73.7) when compared with the healthy controls (mean value of 285 mg% and S.D. +/- 66.05). The increase in levels in type II lepra reaction patients was statistically significant. The results are discussed to correlate the increased levels of alpha one antitrypsin and the high bacterial load leading to the release of various proteases in type II lepra reaction. PMID- 6605452 TI - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a previously healthy adult. PMID- 6605453 TI - Students and drug abuse, 1974 and 1980. AB - The paper presents a secondary analysis of students treated in hospital emergency rooms. The comparison of data provided in 1974 and 1980 data reveals a significant increase in the abuse of alcohol with drugs, methaqualone and marijuana. Fifty percent of these students ingested drugs to commit suicide or as a suicide gesture. These data suggest that school health professionals and counselors be alerted to student drug overdoses to assist students confronted with suicidal ideation. PMID- 6605454 TI - Byssinosis: a cross-sectional study in an Australian textile factory. PMID- 6605455 TI - Identifying adolescents with alcohol problems. A field test of the Adolescent Alcohol Involvement Scale. AB - A modified version of the Adolescent Alcohol Involvement Scale (AAIS) was administered in a telephone survey and in a longitudinal study. Results indicated acceptable reliability and validity in the AAIS but scores may be unstable in the long run because of the transient nature of alcohol misuse among many adolescents. PMID- 6605456 TI - Race, sex, marihuana use and alcohol intoxication in college students. AB - In college students, alcohol intoxication was more frequent in men than in women, in Whites than in Blacks and in White women than in Black women. The difference between White and Black men was negligible. Only gender differences were noted in marihuana use. PMID- 6605457 TI - The role of the tissue adhesive fibrin seal (FS) in esophageal anastomoses. AB - Following surgical removal of esophageal tumors, leakage and mediastinitis is a frequent and often fatal complication. A new method has been developed to seal suture lines in the esophagus with preparations containing fibrinogen, cold insoluble globulin, factor XIII, antiplasmin, platelet growth factor, thrombin, and calcium chloride. In experimental animals operated on by standard methods, esophageal leakage developed in 50% of the animals and death in 40%. By contrast, in treated animals, esophageal leak and death developed in only 20%. More adhesions were found in treated animals than in control animals. PMID- 6605458 TI - Late functional and hemodynamic status of surviving patients following insertion of the left heart assist device. AB - Since July, 1978, we have inserted a roller pump type of left heart assist device between the left atrium and ascending aorta in 35 patients. There were no significant complications related to use of the device. Seventeen patients recovered sufficiently to have the device removed. There were four early deaths, 60 to 120 days following removal of the device. Three of these patients died of septic complications and one patient died as a result of a cardiac arrest. Of the 13 long-term survivors, seven are working and six are retired. Five patients have mild to moderate cardiac symptoms, whereas eight others are completely asymptomatic. In three patients the ejection fraction was significantly lower than preoperatively; however, in all other patients the ejection fraction either stayed the same or improved postoperatively. We conclude that this type of left heart assist device can provide adequate cardiac support in patients with profound left ventricular dysfunction following cardiac operations. Furthermore, surviving patients generally have satisfactory long-term cardiac function and are leading productive lives. PMID- 6605459 TI - Characteristics of left ventricular thrombus resulting in perioperative embolism. A complication of coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - A review of perioperative complications of cardiac procedures at Tampa General Hospital revealed a distinct preoperative finding in several patients having embolism after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). From a total of over 10,000 cardiac catheterization procedures, four patients had ventricular wall motion abnormalities with discrete, mobile, pedunculated filling defects noted during ventriculography. Three of these patients eventually underwent CABG, and each had a postoperative embolic episode. A similar catheterization finding was noted in a fourth patient, who later had an embolic event. Thus, even in the absence of a discrete aneurysm, this observation suggests the need for an aggressive surgical approach to CABG patients with these ventricular filling defects. PMID- 6605460 TI - Propranolol for postoperative supraventricular tachycardia. PMID- 6605461 TI - The assessment of epididymal lymphatics within the concept of immunologically privileged sites. AB - This paper seeks to provide background information for future studies of immunological responses in the epididymis. Immunologically privileged sites afford anomalous protection to foreign grafts and this is usually thought to be related to absence of intrinsic lymphatics. A search through the literature reveals lack of any attempt to implant foreign tissue into this organ. The present investigation was undertaken to consider the presence, if any, of lymphatic channels within the connective tissue framework of rat epididymis. The tissues were taken through for histology and examined with light and electron microscopes. Contrary to anticipation, there are abundant lymphatic channels within the epididymal tissue. In the discussion a hypothesis is raised that the epididymis may not be an immunologically privileged site or that if any privilege, the explanation will not be related to absence of terminal lymphatics in this area. Further work in progress seeks to clarify this hypothesis. PMID- 6605462 TI - Responsiveness of human lung diploid fibroblast ageing in vitro to epidermal growth factor: saturation density and lifespan. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) in culture medium increased the saturation density of human diploid fibroblasts. In the first half of their in vitro lifespan the magnitude of the EGF-induced augmentation increased and in the second half, decreased. Their lifespan was not extended by continuous exposure to EGF. PMID- 6605463 TI - Regulatory effects of thymus humoral factor on T cell growth factor in aging mice. AB - The effect of thymus humoral factor (THF) on T cell growth factor (TCGF) production by T cells and the association between splenic macrophages and T cells from young (2-3 months) and old (20-24 months) mice in this respect were studied. Splenocytes were divided into three groups: stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A); preincubated with THF and then stimulated with Con A; or stimulated with Con A and thereafter incubated with THF. These cells were then examined for production of TCGF. Cells treated with Con A and THF as described above were passed on nylon wool to enrich T cell populations and added to mitogen-sensitized (Con A or lipopolysaccharide) adherent splenocytes of old and young mice in the following combinations: young adherent and young T cells; young adherent and old T cells; old adherent and young T cells; and old adherent and old T cells. The results demonstrated that: (A) cells of old mice produced less TCGF than the young; (B) preincubation of splenocytes or nylon-wool enriched T cells with THF increased the production of TCGF consistently in young mice, whereas in the old a significant increase was observed only in some cases; (C) depressed TCGF activity was observed when treatment with THF to splenocytes or nylon-wool enriched T cells from young and old mice was performed after Con A stimulation, and this was also more pronounced in the young; (D) the reduced level of TCGF in the old seemed to be related to a lesion in the T cell compartment, since adherent cells from old and young mouse spleens could support TCGF production by T cells from young mice and not from old. PMID- 6605464 TI - [Sensitivity to selected drugs of Salmonella agona and Salmonella bovis morbificans isolated from human material in Poland in 1972-1980]. PMID- 6605465 TI - [Ulcer of the ileum as a cause of occult gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 6605466 TI - Is closure of open skin wounds in rats accelerated by argon laser exposure? AB - The influence of linearly polarized argon laser irradiation (lambda = 488 nm and 514.5 nm) on the closure time of standardized open skin wounds was measured in rats. In two separate controlled experiments no acceleration of wound closure by laser irradiation was observed. In the first experiment the wounds were cleaned during the laser treatment period at 1 J/cm2. The second experiment at 4 J/cm2 was without mechanical wound cleaning. The contradictory results reported in the literature and possible influences of wavelength, energy density, and power density are discussed. PMID- 6605467 TI - [Connection between congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency and the HLA genotype]. PMID- 6605468 TI - Amitriptyline sensitization of a serotonin-mediated behavior depends on the passage of time and not repeated treatment. AB - Daily treatment for 10 days with either amitriptyline or the tricyclic muscle relaxant, cyclobenzaprine, increased the incidence of head-twitch behavior in response to 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) when this was examined two days later. Only one day of amitriptyline treatment followed by an 11-day hiatus before administration of 5-HTP also sensitized the head-twitch response whereas similar amitriptyline treatment followed by 5-HTP one hour later failed to do so. These data provide the first evidence for time-dependent sensitization of brain serotonin systems. PMID- 6605469 TI - Bilateral pulmonary infiltrates in an 11-year-old with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Is a chance to cut really a chance to cure? PMID- 6605470 TI - [Gastrointestinal hemorrhage following Amanita poisoning]. PMID- 6605471 TI - [Pharmacokinetic evaluation of Eifel fango and its effectiveness in the treatment of mesenchymal connective tissue diseases]. PMID- 6605472 TI - Staphylococcal enterotoxin induced mitogenesis: toxin binding and cell-cell interactions. AB - The binding characteristics of 125I-labelled staphylococcal enterotoxin A (125I SEA), a T-cell mitogen, to murine lymphoid cell subpopulations were analyzed. Both T- and B-lymphocytes from murine spleens possess specific binding sites for SEA, as do T-lymphocytes from thymus. B-lymphocytes appear to have a greater capacity for binding of 125-SEA than do T-lymphocytes from either thymus or spleen. Enterotoxin did not specifically bind to thioglycollate-induced peritoneal exudate cells (PECs), used as a source of macrophages. Adherent PECs however, incorporated 125-ISEA by fluid phase endocytosis. When exposed to SEA and thoroughly washed, macrophages stimulate lymphocyte mitogenesis in spleen or thymus cell cultures not directly exposed to toxin. Maximum mitogenic stimulation took place only when both PECs and lymphocytes were exposed to SEA. The presence of splenic B-lymphocytes enhanced the mitogenic response of thymus derived T cells to SEA. Thus, B-lymphocytes appear to contribute to SEA mitogenesis. These data suggest that mitogenic stimulation and possibly other immunological phenomena associated with SEA occur as a result of complex interactions between cellular components of the immune system. PMID- 6605473 TI - Incidence and antibiotic susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae in clinical specimens. AB - Recent data report increasing Haemophilus influenzae ampicillin- and chloramphenicol-resistant strains. Authors report the results of one year investigation in Sicily. In 281 clinical specimens tested, Haemophilus influenzae has been isolated in 60 cases. From antibiotic susceptibility tests it can be observed that 58 strains show ampicillin-resistance. PMID- 6605474 TI - Absence of detectable cytotoxic lymphocytes in the spleens of guinea pigs immunized with allogeneic cells. AB - Using inbred guinea pigs of strains JY 1, JY 2, 2 and 13, whose major histocompatibility gene complexes are different from each other at the B region and/or the I region, the authors aimed to detect cytotoxic thymus-derived lymphocytes (CTL) against allogeneic target cells. Various in vivo and in vitro sensitization methods that have been described for murine CTL systems were used. For detection of CTL, Con A- or PHA-induced 51Cr-labeled lymphoblasts were incubated with sensitized spleen cells or lymph node cells for 4 hr, and 51Cr released into the supernatant was assayed. Under these conditions, no significant lysis of the target cells was observed. On the other hand, significant levels of both delayed-type hypersensitivity and humoral antibodies were detected in the animals sensitized by in vivo methods. PMID- 6605476 TI - Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the aged. PMID- 6605475 TI - Reduction in mortality from upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. AB - A study of 2377 cases of haemorrhage from the upper gastrointestinal tract shows a significant fall in mortality rate--from 15.5% in the period of retrospective study from 1961 to 1970 to 7% in the prospective study from 1972 to 1982. The fall in mortality rate from non-variceal bleeding was from 12.8% to 5%. In the second five years of the prospective study, the total mortality rate was 5.8%, with 4.5% for non-variceal haemorrhage. This improvement occurred despite a significant rise in the proportion of patients of 60 years of age and over, and was particularly evident in patients with bleeding chronic gastric ulcers. There was also a significant reduction in mortality in the 60 years and over age group in the latter five years of the prospective study. The data suggest that there were three aspects of management which were important in the reduction of mortality. These were early fibreoptic endoscopic diagnosis, improved resuscitation and postoperative care, and early control of bleeding from oesophageal varices by balloon tamponade and surgery in selected cases. These complicated procedural aspects of management are best applied in a special unit for the treatment of patients with haemorrhage from the upper gastrointestinal tract. It is concluded that there has been significant progress in the treatment of this problem during the last decade. PMID- 6605477 TI - [Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome]. AB - Current concepts of pathogenesis and therapy of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome are discussed, along with demonstrating the case history of a patient with the clinical features of this rare disorder. In addition to the known symptoms there was an elevated blood monocyte count together with a decreased total number of lymphocytes. Immunological analysis of the mononuclear cell fraction revealed an imbalance between mature T-cells, "natural-killer"-cells and monocytes. PMID- 6605478 TI - Cimetidine and tranexamic acid for upper-gastrointestinal-tract bleeding. PMID- 6605479 TI - Tumorigenicity of cells transformed by adenovirus type 12 by evasion of T-cell immunity. AB - Evidence is presented that cells transformed by adenovirus type 12 are oncogenic because they escape from T-cell immunity. This effect is brought about by reducing the expression of class I transplantation antigens and is a function of the protein translated from the 13S mRNA, transcribed from early region 1a. These findings establish a novel mechanism by which transformed cells can acquire an oncogenic phenotype. PMID- 6605480 TI - Cytotoxic T lymphocyte recognition of transfected cells expressing a cloned retroviral gene. AB - The lysis of murine sarcoma virus-murine leukaemia virus (MSV-MuLV)-induced tumour cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) appears to require that an antigen specified by MSV-MuLV, or induced by the infection, be presented in association with class I major histocompatibility complex antigens. The viral proteins of the tumorigenic MuLV seem to be a part of the antigens recognized by these dually restricted anti-MuLV CTL, but the precise nature of the putative viral antigen(s) recognized by CTL is unknown. Studies using recombinant viruses have suggested that a product of the viral envelope gene (env gene), perhaps the glycoprotein gp70, is the viral antigen recognized by CTL. Attempts to use purified gp70 or anti-gp70 antibodies to block CTL recognition of retrovirus-induced tumour cells, however, have yielded contradictory results. To examine more closely the role of gp70 in the CTL response to MuLV infections, we have constructed murine cell lines which express only the env gene of the Moloney murine leukaemia virus (M MuLV). We show here that BALB/c-3T3 cells expressing the M-MuLV envelope gene products on their cell surface are susceptible to lysis by M-MuLV-specific CTL. PMID- 6605481 TI - Inositol trisphosphate: link or liability? PMID- 6605482 TI - Release of Ca2+ from a nonmitochondrial intracellular store in pancreatic acinar cells by inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate. AB - Activation of receptors for a wide variety of hormones and neurotransmitters leads to an increase in the intracellular level of calcium. Much of this calcium is released from intracellular stores but the link between surface receptors and this internal calcium reservoir is unknown. Hydrolysis of the phosphoinositides, which is another characteristic feature of these receptors, has been implicated in calcium mobilization. The primary lipid substrates for the receptor mechanism seem to be two polyphosphoinositides, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns4P) and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns4,5P2), which are rapidly hydrolysed following receptor activation in various cells and tissues. The action of phospholipase C on these polyphosphoinositides results in the rapid formation of the water-soluble products inositol 1,4-bisphosphate (Ins1,4P2) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins1,4,5P3). In the insect salivary gland, where changes in Ins1,4P2 and Ins1,4,5P2 have been studied at early time periods, increases in these inositol phosphates are sufficiently rapid to suggest that they might mobilize internal calcium. We report here that micromolar concentrations of Ins1,4,5P3 release Ca2+ from a nonmitochondrial intracellular Ca2+ store in pancreatic acinar cells. Our results strongly suggest that this is the same Ca2+ store that is released by acetylcholine. PMID- 6605483 TI - Linkage between surface immunoglobulin and cytoskeleton of B lymphocytes may involve Gc protein. AB - The membrane immunoglobulin (MIg) of B lymphocytes is thought to have an important role in antigen recognition and cellular activation. In common with many membrane glycoproteins, MIg moves extensively in the lipid bilayer, and after binding of specific antisera displays lateral mobility with patch and cap formation. This phenomenon appears to involve the cytoskeleton, particularly the actin that is present in the cell membrane of B lymphocytes and aggregates beneath capped immunoglobulin. Recently, it has been reported that the isolation of MIg results in co-purification of actin and an unknown protein of molecular weight (MW) approximately 56,000 (refs 7, 8). We now demonstrate that this component displays physicochemical and immunological properties indistinguishable from those of Gc (group-specific component). In addition, evidence is presented which suggests that this vitamin D3-binding protein is involved in the linkage between MIg and actin, and may therefore be important in signal transduction. PMID- 6605485 TI - [Bleeding from an aneurysm of a gastric artery]. PMID- 6605484 TI - Further functional in vitro comparison of pre- and postsynaptic dopamine receptors in the rabbit caudate nucleus. AB - Slices of the rabbit caudate nucleus were preincubated with 3H-dopamine or 3H choline and then superfused and stimulated electrically. DiPr-5,6-ADTN reduced the stimulation-evoked overflow of tritium over the same concentration range, independently of whether slices had been preincubated with 3H-dopamine or 3H choline, and the same was true for apomorphine, NPA and pergolide. Three other putative dopamine receptor agonists, namely 3-PPP, DPI and SKF 38393, failed to decrease the evoked overflow of tritium. Each of six antagonists--(-)-sulpiride, (+)-sulpiride, CGP 11109 A, cis-flupentixol, domperidone and corynanthine- increased the evoked overflow over the same concentration range in experiments with 3H-dopamine and in those with 3H-choline. For each of these antagonists except cis-flupentixol, and also for chlorpromazine, haloperidol and rauwolscine, the pA2 values against apomorphine obtained in 3H-dopamine and in 3H-choline experiments were closely similar. The antagonist effect of cis-flupentixol against apomorphine was not purely competitive. (-)-Sulpiride was a more potent antagonist than (+)-sulpiride, and cis-flupentixol was more potent than trans flupentixol. This study supplements a previous one in which (+/-)-sulpiride, metoclopramide and molindone were used as antagonists. It is a functional in vitro approach to receptor characterization, as opposed to radioligand binding studies or in vivo investigations. The results show that a large number of dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists are unable to distinguish between the presynaptic, release-inhibiting dopamine autoreceptors and those postsynaptic dopamine receptors which, when activated, depress the release of acetylcholine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6605486 TI - [A patient with disseminated lupus erythematosus caused by the use of carbamazepine (Tegretol)]. PMID- 6605487 TI - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of rheumatic disorders: pitfalls and problems with the present plethora. PMID- 6605488 TI - [Trigeminal neuralgia and tumors of the cerebellopontile angle]. AB - In the last 10 years from 1972 to 1981 one hundred patients with trigeminal neuralgia were treated. The routine surgical treatment included Dandy's operation in microsurgical modification. In 8 cases cerebellopontine angle tumours were unexpectedly found, and were accepted as the cause of trigeminal neuralgia. In 8 cases neither clinical examination nor radiological investigations gave any suggestions of a tumour as the cause of neuralgia before the operation, although the tumours had from 1 to 5 cm in diameter. The tumours were: cholesteatoma in 4 cases, acoustic neurinoma in 2 cases, meningioma in 2 cases. After a survey of the pertinent literature the author discusses the clinical differences between supratentorial and infratentorial tumours causing trigeminal neuralgia reaching the conclusion that trigeminal neuralgia may be a sign of mainly posterior fossa tumours, with the exception of trigeminal neurinomas which nearly never produce typical trigeminal neuralgia. PMID- 6605489 TI - Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) immunoreactivity in hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic nuclei of sheep brain. AB - In sheep, 26 brain areas of 62 investigated contained corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)-like immunoreactivity in concentrations higher than 0.5 ng CRF/mg protein. Most of the CRF in the brain was in the hypothalamus. The highest level of CRF in the sheep brain was in the median eminence, almost two orders of magnitude higher than anywhere else. All of the hypothalamic nuclei had measureable amounts of CRF. A number of extrahypothalamic regions such as amygdala, hippocampus, claustrum, cingulate cortex, habenula and certain lower brainstem nuclei had CRF but generally in very low concentrations. PMID- 6605490 TI - Adult Arnold-Chiari malformation and intrinsic brain stem neoplasm: a difficult differential diagnosis. AB - The occurrence of a brain stem neoplasm in three adults previously treated for an adult Arnold-Chiari malformation is reported. The diagnosis of adult Arnold Chiari malformation had been confirmed by angiography and computed tomographic scanning. All patients were treated with a combination of ventricular shunts and posterior fossa decompression. The diagnosis of brain stem neoplasm was not made until late in the clinical course, and all patients died within 2 years of the onset of symptoms. PMID- 6605491 TI - The Chiari II malformation: Part IV. The hindbrain deformity. AB - Computed tomography successfully delineates the multiple components of the Chiari II malformation at the craniocervical junction, the hindbrain, and the cervical spinal cord. These include wide foramen magnum and upper cervical spinal canal; incomplete fusions of the posterior arches of C1 and lower cervical vertebrae; cascading protrusions of vermis, fourth ventricle, medulla, and cervical cord into the spinal canal; cervicomedullary "kinking"; anterior displacement and sequential sagittal compression of each protrusion by the protrusions posterior to it; compression of all protrusions by the posterior lip of foramen magnum and the posterior arch of C1; and associated cervical hydromyelia, cervical diastematomyelia, and cervical arachnoid cysts. PMID- 6605492 TI - Destructive lesions of the brain. AB - The congenital destructive lesions of the brain include focal lesions (porencephaly) and diffuse lesions (micrencephaly, hydranencephaly). According to the time the injury occurred and following the assumption of Yakovlev and Wadworth (1946), they are classified as agenetic porencephalies, either - bilateral (schizencephaly) or unilateral, when the injury occurs early enough in gestation (before 6 months) to disturb the growth of the cerebral mantle: abnormal sulcal pattern and heterotopic gray matter are then observed. They are classified as encephaloclastic when the destruction affects an otherwise normal cerebrum (last trimester). The porencephalies should be differenciated from post natal lesions (multicystic encephalomalacia, focal cavitations). By showing the fluid cavity and the cortical distortion, neuroradiology permits precise diagnosis of the defect itself and the associated cortical disorder, as well as an evaluation when they occurred. PMID- 6605493 TI - The effects of Bothrops jararacussu venom and its components on frog nerve-muscle preparation. AB - The effect of Bothrops jararacussu venom was studied in cutaneous pectoris nerve muscle preparations and in the desheathed sciatic nerve of the frog. The venom rapidly inhibited muscle twitch--tension, evoked either directly or indirectly through the motor nerve and abolished the compound action potential of the muscle and of the sciatic nerve. After fractionation of the venom by Sephadex G-50 column chromatography, all the activity was recovered in a fraction containing 30% of the total venom protein and highly enriched in two polypeptides with apparent Mr of 13-15,000, as revealed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The concentration of active subfraction required to obtain 50% paralysis in 1 h was 8 micrograms protein/ml. The active subfraction contained low levels of phospholipase A activity, whereas no proteolytic activity was detected. The paralyzing activity of the active subfraction on nerve-muscle preparations was not dependent on the presence of Ca2+, suggesting that phospholipase A activity is not required for the toxic effect. The active subfraction was found to cause an initial spontaneous contracture and fasciculation of the nerve-muscle preparation, and a rapid depolarization of the muscle membrane. The frequency of miniature endplate potentials was normal throughout the period of exposure to the active subfraction, although occasionally initial transient bursts were observed. At the end of the incubation, nerve endings still responded to high [K+] and to black widow spider venom. The exposure (1-2 h) to blocking concentrations of venom active subfraction provoked different degrees of morphological alteration of the muscle fibers. In contrast, no ultrastructural alterations were observed in nerve terminals, giving further support to the idea that terminals are not a prime site of the venom action. In addition to its effect on the nerve muscle-preparation, the active subfraction at higher concentrations, showed a Ca2+-dependent hemolytic activity. In the light of these results, the properties of the active subfraction of B. jararacussu venom are compared with those of other known membrane-active toxins. PMID- 6605494 TI - Natural history of cerebral complications of coronary artery bypass graft surgery. AB - We reviewed 1,669 patients who survived coronary artery bypass graft surgery between 1969 and 1981. A total of 75 cerebral complications were identified, including (1) altered mental state, (2) stroke, and (3) seizure in 64 patients (3.8%). Altered mental state (delirium, hypoxic-metabolic encephalopathy) occurred in 57 (3.4%). Postoperative arrhythmias were associated with an increased risk of altered mental state. Cerebral infarction occurred in 13 (0.8%). Patients who suffered stroke had a higher occurrence of carotid bruits and history of peripheral vascular disease. Seizures occurred in five patients (0.3%). Mortality in patients with a neurologic complication was 29%. PMID- 6605495 TI - Herpes zoster ophthalmicus and delayed ipsilateral cerebral infarction. AB - We studied five patients who had acute cerebral infarctions 5 weeks to 6 months after herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO). All had infarcts of the cerebral hemisphere ipsilateral to the HZO, and one also had a cerebellar infarct. Cerebral arteriography in one patient disclosed narrowing of the middle cerebral artery, occlusion of the anterior cerebral artery ipsilateral to the HZO and narrowing of the opposite anterior cerebral artery. In another case, arteriography revealed occlusion of the distal internal carotid artery on the side of the HZO. PMID- 6605496 TI - Ocular counterrolling as an indicator of vestibular otolith function. AB - Sixteen normal subjects, 8 patients with unilateral vestibular nerve section, and 11 patients with acoustic neuromas underwent dynamic ocular counterrolling (OCR) testing. Both eyes were photographed at every 10 degrees as the subject was tilted about the naso-occipital axis at a constant velocity of 3 degrees/sec. Normal subjects differed from patients in four characteristics: (1) The binocular OCR patterns of normal subjects were consistent from one trial to the next. (2) The two eyes were mostly conjugate in movement. (3) The patterns were smooth. (4) OCR was approximately symmetric to right and left tilts. In the patients, patterns were abnormal when tilted to the side opposite the lesion. In quantified measures of the four characteristics, differences between the normal group and the group of patients with unilateral vestibular nerve sections were significant in consistency and total scores. In the patients with acoustic neuromas, OCR abnormalities corresponded to the size and location of the tumors and the extent to which they impinged on the utricular nerve and brainstem. PMID- 6605497 TI - Behavioral correlations of dopamine receptor activation. AB - According to the classification scheme of Kebabian and Calne, there are two types of dopamine (DA) receptors: D1 (activation of which causes increased cyclic AMP formation) and D2 (activation of which causes no increment in cyclic AMP). It is not clear what role the different receptors play in mediating motor behavior. Using drugs that act selectively at only one receptor site, we studied the effects of D1 and D2 receptor activation in two different models of parkinsonism- the rotating rat and the reserpinized mouse. Neither the D1 agonist nor the D2 agonist, given alone, could overcome reserpine akinesia, but together they restored locomotor activity. In rats with unilateral nigrostriatal lesions, both drugs induced a rotational response, each with a distinct temporal pattern. Pretreatment with alpha-methyl-paratyrosine (an inhibitor of DA synthesis) led to decrements in the rotational response induced by D2 agonists, but not that induced by D1 agonists. The mechanism by which these DA agonists induce motor activity is different; activation of both types of DA receptors seems to be necessary for normal motor behavior. PMID- 6605499 TI - Potentiating action of midazolam on GABA-mediated responses and its antagonism by Ro 14-7437 in the frog spinal cord. AB - The effect of midazolam, a new water-soluble benzodiazepine, on an in vitro slice preparation of the frog spinal cord was investigated using electrophysiological recordings. Midazolam potently (ED50 = 1 nM) enhanced the depolarizing action of GABA on primary afferent fibres while leaving the depolarizing effect of glutamate, glycine or high K+ solutions unchanged. Concentrations of midazolam higher than 100 nM had an antagonistic effect on GABA responses. Ro 14-7437 was a powerful and selective antagonist of the midazolam potentiation without affecting control responses to GABA, glutamate or high K+. The antagonism of GABA responses induced by high doses of midazolam was not sensitive to Ro 14-7437. Our data suggest that midazolam is a very potent and selective modulator of GABA responses: this finding illustrates that electrophysiological techniques can detect specific effects of very low concentrations of benzodiazepines on a CNS slice preparation with well preserved architectural organization. PMID- 6605498 TI - [Surgical therapy of acute gastroduodenal mucosa lesions]. PMID- 6605500 TI - The possible role of opiates in habituation of responses recorded in the reticular formation of the frog, to peripheral stimulation. AB - Repeated stimulation can lead to a decrement in the amplitude of a response, or its disappearance. This is known as habituation. Responses recorded in the reticular formation of the brain to peripherally applied stimuli tend to habituate. Decerebration considerably reduces the occurrence of this habituation and naloxone reverses the effect. In decerebrate animals in which such responses rarely habituate, habituation can be induced by administration of D-Ala2,Met5 enkephalinamide and then reversed by a subsequent administration of naloxone. This would suggest that opiates are involved in habituation of responses recorded in the reticular formation of the frog. PMID- 6605501 TI - Comparison of augmentin with co-trimoxazole for treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections. AB - Augmentin was compared with co-trimoxazole for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in general practice. All 28 patients randomly allocated to treatment with co-trimoxazole were cured. Of the 24 patients treated with augmentin 20(83%) were cured. The cure rate with co-trimoxazole was significantly greater (p = 0.039) than with augmentin. One patient treated with co-trimoxazole developed a skin rash. Two patients treated with augmentin developed severe diarrhoea and abdominal pain and a further two light-headedness. Two of the patients who failed augmentin treatment were reinfected with an augmentin resistant organism. Twelve of the 52 pathogens were resistant to amoxycillin. One of these 12 was also resistant to augmentin and two only moderately sensitive. An additional three patients were excluded from the study because their infecting pathogen was resistant to augmentin. Augmentin would appear to have a place in the treatment of amoxycillin-resistant bacterial infections. PMID- 6605502 TI - Five years pars plana vitrectomy. AB - Between November 1976 and October 1981, 516 pars plana vitrectomies have been done with the vitreous stripper of Kloti. The indications and the results are discussed. PMID- 6605503 TI - [Correction of movement during walking by means of multichannel electric stimulation of muscles]. PMID- 6605504 TI - [Mistakes and complications in electric stimulation of osteoreparation]. PMID- 6605506 TI - [Malignant histiocytosis]. PMID- 6605507 TI - [Relation between T lymphocytes and the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells]. PMID- 6605505 TI - [Alpha-1-antitrypsin globules and hepatitis B surface antigen in a patient with hepatic cirrhosis]. PMID- 6605508 TI - [Correction of contact interaction between macrophages and non-syngeneic lymphoid cells with acrylic acid copolymer and N-vinylpyrrolidone]. PMID- 6605510 TI - The epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. PMID- 6605509 TI - [Kinetics of primary immunologic response in the regional lymph node of mice immunized with sheep erythrocytes]. PMID- 6605511 TI - Urogastrone and lactose concentrations in precolostrum, colostrum, and milk. AB - The concentration of urogastrone (URO) and lactose was measured in breast secretions from four women. URO levels were high in precolostrum and fell markedly around the time of parturition to relatively constant low levels in mature milk. When milk samples were fractionated on a Biogel P10 column, the major peak of immunoreactivity occurred at the point at which pure URO eluted. There was good correspondence between the fall in URO levels at birth and the increase in lactose levels, suggesting that the decrease in URO was a dilution effect as the osmotic influence of lactose increased. PMID- 6605512 TI - [Pneumocystis carinii infection in children with acute leukemia and non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma]. PMID- 6605513 TI - [Fulminant form of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. PMID- 6605514 TI - Positron emission tomography in the newborn: extensive impairment of regional cerebral blood flow with intraventricular hemorrhage and hemorrhagic intracerebral involvement. AB - Of all patients with intraventricular hemorrhage, those with hemorrhagic intracerebral involvement exhibit the highest rates of mortality and neurologic morbidity and, indeed, account for the vast majority of all neurologic impairment in infants with intraventricular hemorrhage. Insight into the basic nature of the critical cerebral involvement requires determination of regional cerebral blood flow, previously not possible. Positron emission tomography (PET) now provides the capability of measuring regional cerebral blood flow with high resolution and little risk. In this study, we utilized PET in six premature infants (920 to 1,200 g) with major intraventricular hemorrhage and hemorrhagic intracerebral involvement to measure regional cerebral blood flow during the acute period (5 to 17 days of age). Cerebral blood flow was determined after intravenous injection of H2O, labeled with the positron-emitting isotope, 15O (oxygen 15). Findings were similar and dramatic in all six infants. In the area of hemorrhagic intracerebral involvement, little or no cerebral blood flow was detected. However, in addition, surprisingly, a marked two- to fourfold reduction in cerebral blood flow was observed throughout the affected hemisphere, well posterior and lateral to the intracerebral hematoma, including cerebral white matter and, to a lesser extent, frontal, temporal, and parietal cortex. In the one infant studied a second time, ie, at 3 months of age, the extent and severity of the decreased cerebral blood flows in the affected hemisphere were similar to those observed on the study during the neonatal period. At the three autopsies, the affected left hemisphere showed extensive infarction, corroborating the PET scans. These observations, the first demonstration of the use of PET in the determination of regional cerebral blood flow in the newborn, show marked impairments in regional cerebral blood flow in the hemisphere containing an apparently restricted intracerebral hematoma, indicating that the hemorrhagic intracerebral involvement is only a component of a much larger lesion, ischemic in basic nature, ie, an infarction. This large ischemic lesion explains the poor neurologic outcome in infants with intraventricular hemorrhage and hemorrhagic intracerebral involvement. PMID- 6605515 TI - [Effect of heparin on hemodynamics in children with minimal activity rheumatism]. PMID- 6605516 TI - [Case of concomitant rheumatoid arthritis and tuberculosis]. PMID- 6605518 TI - Hospital report: rheumatology in Bath. PMID- 6605517 TI - [CT studies of morphological characteristics of enlarged ventricle, with special reference to the values based on multivariate analysis]. PMID- 6605519 TI - [Radioisotope study of urinary deformity pathology in childhood]. AB - The role of radionuclide investigation of urinary tract pathology in pediatric patients (computerized radionuclide urography and radionuclide cystogram) is discussed. Advantages of reliable morphological and functional study with a non invasive, low radiation procedure are emphasized. PMID- 6605520 TI - Rapidity of C-reactive protein in detecting potential septicemia. AB - Eight episodes of clinical septicemia in five children were assessed using C reactive protein (CRP) determinations. The measurements were performed turbidimetrically, with quantitative results available in less than 10 minutes. Three patients had epiglottitis, one had recurrent septicemia secondary to severe underlying illnesses and one patient was followed postoperatively after open heart surgery. Regardless of etiology septicemia was consistently associated with a rapid increase (greater than or equal to 20 to 214 mg/liter) in the CRP concentration. Elevated values were obtained 5, 13 and 16 hours after the onset of symptoms of epiglottitis. When determined the CRP level was invariably elevated at the time of the first positive blood culture. CRP determinations in patients with symptoms of septicemia would have supported the diagnosis at least 24 hours before the positive blood culture. In addition, sequential CRP measurements proved beneficial in monitoring the course of septicemia. PMID- 6605521 TI - Buccal cellulitis. PMID- 6605522 TI - [Management of gastrointestinal hemorrhage in elderly patients]. PMID- 6605523 TI - [Use of fibroendoscopy for the determination of causes of gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients with hemophilia]. PMID- 6605524 TI - [Theoretical and practical aspects of the clinical use of immunotherapy substituting for thymus functions in man]. PMID- 6605525 TI - [Therapeutic effectiveness of the immuno stimulating extract of the calf thymus (TFX-Polfa) in cases of acute dermatomyositis]. PMID- 6605527 TI - [Our observations on the treatment of arrhythmia in the postoperative period after direct revascularization of the myocardium]. PMID- 6605526 TI - [Role of the skin in the distribution of co-trimoxazole components]. PMID- 6605528 TI - Metastatic renal carcinoma presenting with profuse haemorrhage at cardiac surgery. AB - A 62-year-old man undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting sustained profuse unexplained haemorrhage during sternal diathermy before sternotomy. Histology of tissue from the sternum suggested metastatic renal carcinoma. A primary renal tumour was subsequently identified. Sternal metastases are rare, often highly vascular, and arise particularly from thyroid or renal tumours. In the absence of angiographic evidence of an eroding aortic aneurysm, sternal metastases represent the most likely cause of unexplained haemorrhage during sternotomy. PMID- 6605529 TI - [Is there a NZB syndrome in the human?]. PMID- 6605530 TI - [Herpes genitalis in the female]. PMID- 6605531 TI - [Indoprofen and naproxen in a double-blind study in soft tissue rheumatism]. PMID- 6605532 TI - [B-lymphocytes and the level of circulating immune complexes in pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated with chemotherapy and vitamins]. PMID- 6605533 TI - Activation of antigen-specific B cells: role of T cells, cytokines, and antigen in induction of growth and differentiation. AB - T cells and cytokines were used to activate highly enriched populations of 2,4,6 trinitrophenyl (TNP)-binding B cells (TNP-ABC). TNP-ABC did not proliferate or differentiate when they were cultured with thymus-dependent (TD) antigen, even in the presence of supernatants known to contain B-cell growth and differentiation factors. However, purified TNP-ABC did proliferate and differentiate when they were cultured with TD antigen in the presence of carrier-primed T cells and antigen (TNP-keyhole limpet hemocyanin)--i.e., linked recognition. TNP-ABC blasts generated under conditions of linked recognition proliferated and differentiated in response to cytokines in the absence of T cells and antigen. In contrast, under conditions of nonlinked recognition (hapten and carrier on different molecules) TNP-ABC blasts also proliferated but did not differentiate in response to the same cytokines. These results indicate that antigen-specific "resting" B cells must be activated by T cells and antigen prior to becoming responsive to cytokines. Furthermore, activation under conditions of linked and nonlinked recognition generates two different types of blasts with regard to their subsequent response to cytokines. PMID- 6605535 TI - T cells and the anti-trinitrophenyl antibody response to fetal calf serum and 2 mercaptoethanol. AB - Unprimed murine lymphocytes maintained in culture medium containing fetal calf serum (FCS) and 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) developed very high levels of anti trinitrophenyl (TNP) plaque forming cells (PFC). Both FCS and 2-ME contributed to the response. The development of anti-TNP PFC during culture was accompanied by a 10-fold expansion in the number of immunoglobulin-secreting cells, indicating polyclonal stimulation. However, the number of anti-TNP PFC was disproportionately high and not accompanied by a similar increase in plaques specific for sheep red blood cells. The TNP-specific plaques were not artifacts of the plaque assay since they were 98% inhibited by specific antigen. The in vitro induction of anti-TNP PFC by FCS and 2-ME was common to a number of mouse strains, although some genetic variation occurred. Nylon-wool-separated B cells, nude mouse spleen cells, and bone marrow cells all produced high levels of anti TNP after culture with medium containing FCS and 2-ME. The addition of T cells to B-cell cultures increased the numbers of anti-TNP PFC by 1.5- to 2.5-fold. The presence of a TNP-cross-reacting antigen in FCS probably contributed to the unexpectedly high anti-TNP response. The response to the antigen in FCS was potentiated by the enhancing activity of 2-ME. PMID- 6605534 TI - Identification by transfection of transforming sequences in DNA of human T-cell leukemias. AB - DNA from human T-cell leukemia cell lines was tested for focus-inducing activity on cultures of NIH 3T3 cells. Three leukemias yielded DNA active in this assay; restriction enzyme sensitivity of this activity indicated that similar, relatively large DNA sequences were involved. Southern blot analysis revealed conserved size classes of restriction fragments containing human repetitive (Alu) sequences in serially transfected foci derived from the active DNAs. Similar blot hybridizations with a probe specific for the human N-ras oncogene detected a 9 kilobase EcoRI fragment in all cases. DNA containing this fragment from one of the leukemias, molecularly cloned in bacteriophage lambda, displayed highly amplified focus-inducing activity in transfection assays. Thus, the N-ras oncogene appears to be active in these three human leukemias of T-cell origin. PMID- 6605536 TI - Distinct recognition sites on histocompatibility antigens for antibodies and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - Studies with monoclonal antibodies show that allodeterminants are concentrated on H-2 molecules in several distinct epitope regions. Different parts of H-2 molecules can also be recognized by alloreactive or H-2 restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes, but these parts do not appear to be identical to those recognized by antibodies. These data show that an H-2 molecule can be subdivided into several specialized regions and that the B and T cell compartments of the immune system recognize different regions on H-2 molecules. PMID- 6605537 TI - Immunobiological classification of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). PMID- 6605538 TI - Effects of the chronic ingestion of therapeutic doses of chlorimipramine on the behavioral action of agonists and antagonists of serotonin in male rats. AB - Locomotor activity and hole-board exploration (frequency and time spent head dipping) were impaired in male rats by injecting IP the 5-HT agonists, fluoxetine and 5-HTP. This treatment produced also myoclonus and increased the time spent resting during trials. The chronic ingestion of chlorimipramine (CIM) or the injection of the 5-HT receptor blocker, methysergide (15 mg/kg) prevented the action of the 5-HT agonists on locomotion and resting and blocked the appearance of myoclonus. Both CIM and methysergide prevented to a minor degree the fluoxetine-5-HTP-induced decrease of exploration. The chronic ingestion of CIM clearly potentiated the effects of methysergide on hole-board exploration. Results suggest that the chronic treatment with therapeutic doses of CIM reduces the functional activity of some 5-HT systems in the brain of the rat, probably by blockade of post-synaptic 5-HT receptors. This does not preclude, however, that CIM may also alter some NA systems. PMID- 6605539 TI - Nisoxetine and amphetamine share discriminative stimulus properties in mice. AB - The interaction of amphetamine with noradrenergic neurons could mediate a portion of the drug's discriminative stimulus properties. To test this hypothesis, mice were trained to discriminate 1.0 or 3.2 mg/kg amphetamine, 32 mg/kg of the selective norepinephrine uptake inhibitor, nisoxetine, or 32 mg/kg nisoxetine + 1.0 mg/kg amphetamine from saline. Differential drug- or saline-appropriate responding was determined using a two photocell-beam procedure with beam interruption as the operant. Reinforcement (5-sec access to evaporated milk) was presented on a fixed-ratio 20 (FR-20) schedule. Mice trained to discriminate 1.0 mg/kg amphetamine from saline generalized to nisoxetine (32 mg/kg) alone and to doses of 0.56 mg/kg amphetamine and above but not to lower doses unless pretreated with nisoxetine (20 or 32 mg/kg). Mice trained to discriminate nisoxetine (32 mg/kg) from saline generalized to 0.56, 1.0 and 3.2 mg/kg amphetamine and generalized to all amphetamine doses when pretreated with nisoxetine (32 mg/kg). Mice trained to discriminate the drug combination from saline generalized to nisoxetine (32 mg/kg) alone, and to 3.2 mg/kg amphetamine tested alone, to 0.56 mg/kg of amphetamine or above when the lower dose of nisoxetine (20 mg/kg) was used, and to all test doses of amphetamine with nisoxetine (32 mg/kg) pretreatment. Mice trained to discriminate 3.2 mg/kg amphetamine from saline generalized to no test dose of amphetamine following either saline or nisoxetine (32 mg/kg) pretreatment. Testing with several doses of pentobarbital (1.0, 3.0, 10.0 and 18.0 mg/kg) resulted in saline-appropriate responding regardless of training group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6605540 TI - Reserpine-induced rigidity in rats: drug effects on muscle tone from corpus striatum and nucleus accumbens. AB - A study of the pathophysiological mechanisms of reserpine rigidity with the aid of a mechanographic method for the quantification of muscle tone. Apomorphine was used as a test substance to reduce reserpine rigidity by stimulation of dopamine receptors. Some experiments were made with additional drug treatment in an attempt to ascertain the dopaminergic specificity of the test. Apomorphine injected bilaterally to the corpus striatum has been shown to counteract the rigidity [6]. Microinjections of reserpine to corpus striatum induced rigidity with dominance in the hindleg ipsilateral to the side of injection. This rigidity was reduced by subcutaneous apomorphine. The effect of subcutaneous apomorphine on the rigidity was blocked by prior microinjection of trifluoperazine to the corpus striatum. Injections to nucleus accumbens were ineffective in all these respects. It is concluded that reserpine induces rigidity mainly by interference with the dopamine transmission in the corpus striatum. PMID- 6605541 TI - A general method for three-dimensional filter computation. AB - Application of the Fourier space deconvolution algorithm to three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction problems necessitates the computation of a frequency space filter; which requires taking the 3D Fourier transform of the system response function. In this paper, it is shown that for system response functions of the specific form d(theta, phi)/r2, with d(theta, phi) an angular function describing the imaging system, the filter computation can always be reduced to a single integration which, in many cases, may be performed analytically. Complete expressions are derived for the general 3D filter, and two examples are given to illustrate the use of such expressions. PMID- 6605542 TI - A comparison of attenuation correction methods for quantitative single photon emission computed tomography. AB - Transverse section tomograms of experimental phantoms and patients have been obtained using a GE 400T camera and a filtered back-projection reconstruction technique. These tomograms have been compared with the corresponding sections reconstructed from the same tomographic projection data, but using iterative algorithms with correction for photon attenuation. The comparison assesses the importance of including a correction for attenuation as well as demonstrating how closely a simple geometric attenuation correction, applied to the filtered back projection reconstruction method, approximates to a more accurate correction incorporated in the computation of line integrals during iterative reconstruction. A comparison is also made between the behaviour of reconstruction algorithms with simulated projection data and real data in terms of convergence properties, and some shortcomings arising from simulation are noted. PMID- 6605543 TI - [Electronic data processing-compatible documentation in neurology--developmental stage of neurologic findings for a specialty-specific scientific evaluation system and print-out of a computer assisted epicrisis]. AB - A computer compatible neurological examination record has been drawn up for a neurological documentation called "ADOK Neurologie" as part of a scheme for the basic registration of patient-related information from all patients receiving ward treatment at the Medical Academy Dresden and the County Neurological and Psychiatric Hospital Arnsdorf. The examination questionnaire consists of dichotomous questions and permits up to 1,525 separate items of neurological information per patient to be stored and processed. The information permits purposeful scientific analysis and computer print-out of the epicrisis. The article reports on the structure of the questionnaire, the prospects and limits of the method and experience gained during many years of practical use. PMID- 6605544 TI - [Behavior of the young in relation to drugs and alcohol]. PMID- 6605545 TI - Corticotropin releasing factor: basic and clinical studies. PMID- 6605546 TI - Treatment response and ventricular brain enlargement in young schizophrenic patients. PMID- 6605547 TI - Factors related to the early phase of rehabilitation following aortocoronary bypass surgery. AB - Physical and psychosocial functioning of 30 male patients prior to and 3 months following aortocoronary bypass surgery were compared. Relationships between rehabilitation outcome and selected physical, psychosocial, and health care system variables were examined. Although patients' perceptions of their health improved after surgery, there was little improvement in physical and psychosocial functioning, and vocational functioning declined. When the outcome variables were regressed on their possible explanatory variables, the variance in exercise tolerance and energy expenditure on household activities remained unexplained. Energy expenditure on postoperative leisure activities was related to fear of injury. Preoperative psychosocial functioning, depression, and postoperative perception of health explained postoperative psychosocial functioning. Postoperative perception of health dependent on the number of bypass grafts and spouse's/family's fear of patients' injury. PMID- 6605548 TI - [Gastric emptying in duodenal ulcer patients before and after proximal gastric vagotomy. Use of solid, digestible particles labelled with 99mTc]. PMID- 6605549 TI - [Effect of the ligation of the vascular pedicle elements of the jejunal loop inserted between the stomach and the duodenum in the dog]. PMID- 6605550 TI - [Asbestos and disease: introduction to the problem in Brazil]. PMID- 6605551 TI - [Renal lithiasis: metabolic study and clinical treatment]. PMID- 6605552 TI - [The medical audit and its legal implications]. PMID- 6605553 TI - [Insufficiency of the anterior cruciate ligament: clinical effects and treatment]. PMID- 6605554 TI - [Variations of the total protein level in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with acute leukosis]. PMID- 6605555 TI - [Traumatic lesions of the brachial plexus]. PMID- 6605556 TI - [Smoking and pregnancy. I. Prevalence of the smoking habit among pregnant women]. PMID- 6605557 TI - [Smoking and pregnancy. II. Impact on the fetus]. PMID- 6605558 TI - [Use of psychostimulants and energizing drugs by university students]. PMID- 6605559 TI - [Characteristics of childhood mortality in the Federal District]. PMID- 6605560 TI - [Low T3 syndrome with euthyroidism in severe systemic diseases]. PMID- 6605561 TI - [Fecundity in a Brazilian sample of women with sickle cell anemia]. PMID- 6605563 TI - [Intraoperative use of ultrasonography for the detection of vascular defects]. PMID- 6605564 TI - [Distribution of the myocardial temperature in patients subjected to valvular and coronary surgery. Analysis of re-warming constants]. PMID- 6605562 TI - [Disseminated histoplasmosis associated with tuberculosis in immunosuppressed patients]. PMID- 6605565 TI - Rifampin alone and in combination with trimethoprim in chemoprophylaxis for infections due to Haemophilus influenzae type b. AB - The efficacy of rifampin in eradicating Haemophilus influenzae type b from the pharynx of colonized individuals was assessed for 1,467 close contacts of 291 children hospitalized with invasive infections due to H. influenzae type b. Twenty-six percent of all contacts were carrying H. influenzae type b in the pharynx, and 52% of contacts younger than age five had throat cultures positive for this organism. Four different regimens of rifampin were studied and compared with placebo for efficacy in eradication of carriage of H. influenzae type b. The most effective dosage was 20 mg of rifampin/kg given once daily for four days. This schedule was associated with eradication of carriage in 96.2% of 52 colonized, compliant contacts. Carriage of H. influenzae type b was eradicated in 90.9% of the 22 colonized contacts who were younger than age five. Significantly lower rates of carriage eradication were seen with other regimens of rifampin. Potential problems associated with widespread rifampin usage are reviewed. PMID- 6605566 TI - [Clinical course of mixed connective tissue disease]. PMID- 6605567 TI - [Functional exploration of the nervous system]. PMID- 6605569 TI - [Digestive hemorrhages]. PMID- 6605568 TI - [Effect of 3 different thymus extracts on T lymphocytes from patients with lymphoma and solid tumors in the advanced phase]. PMID- 6605571 TI - [Immunology of sarcoidosis]. PMID- 6605570 TI - [Naloxone and essential trigeminal neuralgia]. AB - From the correlation between pain and morphin-like peptides there comes the suggestion of an etiopathogenetic relation between essential trigeminal neuralgia and endorphins. The clinical and pharmacological observation utilizing Naloxone, a morphin-like substances antagonist, and the transcoutaneous electrotherapy there seem to exclude that this etiopathogenetic relation there can be. PMID- 6605572 TI - Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in adults and elderly humans after a prophylactic dose of vitamin D2. AB - Vitamin D2 was administered orally as a single dose (2 mg) to 19 elderly subjects and 17 young adults. The maximum elevation of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was significantly greater in young than in elderly subjects. To evaluate intestinal absorption we also measured serum levels of vitamin D2 5 h after the given dose. A vitamin A absorption test was also performed simultaneously. Small differences between young and old subjects were seen with respect to serum vitamin D2 or vitamin A increments. In both groups the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was still elevated above initial level 60 days after a dose was given. No side effects, nor any change in serum calcium ion activity were noted during this period. These results speak in favour of the use of intermittent large doses of vitamin D2 as a prophylaxis against vitamin D deficiency in the elderly. PMID- 6605573 TI - Alpha-amylase activity in supragingival dental plaque in humans. AB - Supragingival plaque samples were examined for alpha-amylase activity before and after cultivation. Amylase activity was determined by disappearance of 14C labeled starch in a phosphate buffer, pH 6.9. In all plaque samples alpha-amylase activity was observed. On an average 75% of this activity was soluble, while the rest was bound to various plaque components. Known inhibitors of human alpha amylase inhibited the enzyme activity in the plaque samples almost totally. The electrophoretic patterns of alpha-amylases in the plaque and human saliva samples were identical. Bacteria cultivated from the plaque samples showed no or low alpha-amylase activity. The results indicated that most of alpha-amylase activity in supragingival plaque samples are of salivary origin. The greater part of the enzyme activity is extracellular in the plaque, may be located at the plaque surface, and only a minor part is bound to the cells or to the insoluble components in the plaque. PMID- 6605574 TI - An integrated organismic response to lower gut stimulation. AB - Lean Sprague-Dawley rats underwent surgery in which 10 or 20 cm of the lower ileum was transposed to the middle of the duodenum. After the surgery, food passed through the stomach and upper duodenum before moving into the transposed ileal segment. Unabsorbed food moved on into the lower duodenum and continued down the rest of the digestive tract. Control rats had either 20 cm of ileum removed from normal continuity or had 20 cm of jejunum transposed to mid duodenum. Ileal transposition led to a reduction in food intake and a loss of body weight that depended on the length of the transposed segment. These changes were most striking in the second 10-day post-surgical period. At sacrifice, the stomach and small intestines were significantly enlarged even though the transposed rats had lost about 10% of their body weight. The pancreas increased significantly in relative weight. These behavioural and physiological changes are interpreted as an integrated response that prevents undigested food from reaching the terminal ileum in an animal with normal intestinal continuity. A second experiment with Lewis parabiotic rats confirmed that stimulation of the lower small intestines, cecum and colon is involved in the normal control of food intake. Rats that had an unstimulated lower gut increased food intake while those that had their lower gut doubly stimulated with undigested chyme, reduced their intake. PMID- 6605575 TI - Morphological basis for tonotopy in the anuran amphibian papilla. AB - The amphibian papilla of the more-recently derived frogs and toads is similar to the mammalian cochlea in at least three ways: 1. Its sensory surface is a slender, curved structure. 2. It exhibits tonotopy, with the highest-frequency sensitivity located at the end apparently closest to the source of acoustical excitation. 3. Its single-axon tuning curves exhibit extremely steep high frequency slopes and gentle low-frequency slopes, consistent with selection by a distributed-parameter, low-pass filter with cutoff frequency that decreases as one moves farther from the source of acoustical excitation. The filter operation in the cochlea is centered around the basilar membrane, a structure whose profound taper is largely responsible for the decreasing cutoff frequency. Although the amphibian papilla lacks a basilar membrane, it does possess a conspicuously tapered tectorial membrane, which might serve a similar function. In this paper, after reviewing briefly an old and simple model of the cochlear filter and the morphology of the amphibian papilla and its tectorial membrane, we are unable to reconcile the structure of the latter with the topological requirements for realization of a filter analogous to the former. In fact, we are unable to deduce the principles of frequency selectivity in the frog auditory endorgan. PMID- 6605576 TI - Analysis of epithelial ion transport by X-ray microanalysis. AB - Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis was employed to determine the intracellular electrolyte concentrations in various epithelial tissues. Analyses of the changes in the intracellular electrolyte concentrations during different functional states provided new insights into the mechanisms involved in transepithelial ion transport. Results obtained on the Na transporting frog skin epithelium confirmed the two-barrier concept of transepithelial Na transport involving a passive Na uptake and an active Na extrusion. The Na transport compartment comprises all living epithelial cell layers, only the outer cornified cells, the mitochondria rich cells and gland cells being exceptions. Na influx across the outer barrier can be inhibited by amiloride or stimulated by novobiocin or vasopressin. In the Cl-secreting frog cornea the electrolyte concentrations in the various epithelial cell layers and cell types were almost identical, indicating that the epithelium forms a functional syncytium with regard to ion transport. Under virtually all experimental conditions the Cl concentration was found to be higher than the expected equilibrium values, favouring a passive exit from the cells towards the tear side. The results are consistent with the existence of a furosemide sensitive coupled NaCl uptake process at the inner-facing cell membranes. In the rat kidney after K depletion a fall in cellular K by about 20% was observed both in proximal and distal tubular cells. Simultaneously a rise in the intracellular Na concentration was detected which, however, was insufficient to balance the loss in K. No significant differences could be detected between the various epithelial cell types which are thought to be involved in either K reabsorption or secretion. It is concluded that the fall in cellular K is not sufficient to explain the marked reduction in urinary K excretion during K depletion. PMID- 6605577 TI - The use of scanning immuno-electron microscopy to detect surface membrane immunoglobulins and antigens on normal and leukemic human leukocytes: current status. AB - In this report we review the use of scanning immuno-electron microscopy (SIEM) as a means of elucidating the location of cell surface membrane immunoglobulins (SMIg) and antigens (SMAg) on normal and leukemic human leukocytes. SMIg as well as SMAg were detected on various subpopulations of cells under the SEM, readily enabling identification of different types of circulating and cultured leukocytes. It is apparent from current data that the application of highly specific monoclonal antibodies, multiple labeling procedures and improved methods of quantitation with SEM may well provide a more sensitive and elegant methodology for the identification of individual membrane components in a wide variety of mammalian cell systems. PMID- 6605578 TI - Comparative neuropathology of chronic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6605579 TI - Monitoring exposure to chromic acid in chromeplating by measuring chromium in urine. AB - With personal air samplers, exposure to hexavalent chromium was measured in a group of eight chromeplaters during a period of 5 d; urine samples were collected at all times of urination for 7 d. The concentration of chromium in the urine increased from Monday morning to Tuesday afternoon and then remained constant within the group as a whole throughout the rest of the work week. In a large group of 90 chromeplaters exposure was measured for 1 d, and urine samples were collected before and after the workshift on Monday and Thursday of the same week. There was a correlation between the exposure and the concentration of chromium in postshift urine samples on Thursday (correlation coefficient 0.71). Concentrations of chromium in urine of less than or equal to 100 nmol/l indicate time-weighted average values of exposure of about or below 2 micrograms/m3. Below this exposure no severe damage to the nasal septum and no influence on lung function have been found. After the initial measuring of the airborne hexavalent chromium and the concentrations of chromium in the urine of exposed workers, urine analyses are recommended for follow-up controls. PMID- 6605581 TI - Some bypass surgery unnecessary. Results from an NHLBI clinical trial suggest that 25,000 potential bypass patients should not have the surgery. PMID- 6605580 TI - [Rheumatological manifestations in the maxillofacial area]. PMID- 6605582 TI - A six month study of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage at Singapore General Hospital. PMID- 6605583 TI - Adhesion-related variceal hemorrhage. AB - Adhesion-related varices in rare instances cause lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage, suggested by a characteristic clinical history. We report two such cases. Mesenteric angiography is usually diagnostic. The mortality is 50%. PMID- 6605584 TI - Coronary artery bypass at the University of the Orange Free State Medical School. Medium-term follow-up of the first 100 cases. AB - The increasing number of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery has made the investigation and evaluation of the results of the procedure imperative. The first 100 patients who underwent this type of surgery at the University of the Orange Free State Medical School were followed up for a period of 3-8 years in order to obtain a prognostic pattern. The results of the study indicate that the procedure carries a low mortality rate and that the medium- to long-term results are encouraging. Eighty-one per cent of the patients are still actively pursuing their usual daily activities and 50% are completely free of symptoms. PMID- 6605585 TI - [Medication in minor oral surgery]. PMID- 6605586 TI - Reducing adolescents' marihuana abuse. AB - Marihuana abuse is defined, and a model for a drug education program for abusers is presented. The program's rationale is that abusers should be taught responsible use as an approximation for an ultimate goal of abstinence. The program model is based on an interpersonal-skills training approach to clinical problems and has three components: facts about marihuana, problem-solving abilities, and interpersonal skills to enact decisions. The program teaches participants to become aware of and enact choices that have the greatest likelihood of avoiding marihuana abuse. PMID- 6605587 TI - Coronary bypass operation for early postinfarction angina. AB - A consecutive series of 38 patients who were hospitalized in the CCU for acute myocardial infarction and who had early postinfarction angina develop were operated upon on an emergency basis within two weeks after the initial infarction. The average time for the reapperance of angina was 1.7 days. Ten patients had reinfarction which occurred on an average of 3.2 days after the reappearance of the angina. Cardiogenic shock occurred in six patients between one to six days after the angina recurred. Three of these patients had severe mitral insufficiency that required mitral valve replacement in addition to the coronary bypass operation. Delay in evaluating these patients angiographically led to complications requiring the use of the intra-aortic balloon pump in 12 patients. The mean time for the angiographic evaluation was 6.8 days after the angina had recurred and the average time for surgical intervention was 1.2 days. The operative mortality in the patients undergoing coronary angiography and surgical treatment within 24 hours after the reappearance of angina (15 patients) was zero per cent; however, when this was delayed up to 48 hours (12 patients), the mortality increased to 8.3 per cent (one patient) and if the angiographic evaluation was delayed over 48 hours after the patient became symptomatic, the operative mortality rose substantially to 27.2 per cent (three patients). Most of the delay in obtaining angiocardiographic evaluation was caused by the attempt to use additional drug therapy or the introduction of new drugs, most of them calcium-blocking agents (nifedipine). It is our belief that physicians caring for patients who have recurrent angina after acute myocardial infarction should be aware that they represent a high risk group that should be studied angiographically promptly to determine operability in order to avoid a high rate of complications and death. PMID- 6605588 TI - [Clinico-morphoimmunological characteristics of hairy cell leukemia]. PMID- 6605589 TI - [Immunological status and therapeutic use of levamisole in autoimmune hemolytic anemia]. PMID- 6605590 TI - [Clinico-immunological characteristics of partial red-cell aplasia associated with monoclonal gammopathies]. PMID- 6605591 TI - [Levamisole in the therapy of viral hepatitis B]. PMID- 6605592 TI - [D-penicillamine in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6605593 TI - [Rengasil (Pirprofen) as an example of an analgesic]. PMID- 6605594 TI - [Pain control by physical therapy]. PMID- 6605595 TI - Studies on the pathophysiology and treatment of von Willebrand's disease. VI. Variant von Willebrand's disease complicating placenta previa. AB - The clinical course of a pregnant patient with a variant form of von Willebrand's disease (type IIA) who was complicated with placenta previa totalis, breech presentation and premature delivery is described. Following whole blood transfusion, she underwent a cesarean section without postoperative hemorrhagic complications. Factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (FVIII/vWF)-related activities (factor VIII procoagulant activity [VIII:C], factor VIII-related antigen [VIIIR:Ag] and ristocetin cofactor [VIIIR:RCo]), Duke bleeding time and platelet retention to glass beads were monitored during pregnancy, labor and puerperium. Gradual increase in FVIII/vWF-related activities and shortening of bleeding time were found during her gestation. Platelet retention, however, remained low. Qualitative analysis of plasma FVIII/vWF with crossed immunoelectrophoresis and gel filtration on Sepharose 2B demonstrated that the large forms of FVIII/vWF, which is important for primary hemostasis, did not appear in the blood during gestation. Therefore, patients with type IIA von Willebrand's disease seem to be more susceptible to bleeding complications at delivery. PMID- 6605596 TI - [Detection of cannabis in the urine. Demonstrations in an institution for drug addicts]. PMID- 6605597 TI - [What is ergotherapy?]. PMID- 6605598 TI - Two non-T/non-B leukemia cell lines (THP-3-1 and THP-3-2) established from a patient at different stages of the disease. AB - Two leukemia cell lines of different phenotypic expression were established from a single patient with non-T/non-B acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL); one (THP-3-1) was derived from the peripheral blood taken on admission before chemotherapy and the other THP-3-2) during the terminal stage. Both THP-3-1 and THP-3-2 cells were positive for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) and Ia-like antigen but negative for surface immunoglobulins (Ig), nuclear antigen of Epstein-Barr virus (EBNA) and receptors for sheep erythrocytes. However, there was a difference in the expression of common ALL antigen (J5) between the two cell lines. J5+ cells were found in only 5% of THP-3-1 and in 96% of THP-3-2. PMID- 6605599 TI - Differential induction of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in Japanese quail by 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. AB - The effects of single oral administration of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB), 200, 400, 800 or 1600 mg/kg, and of daily oral administration of TCB, 400 mg/kg, for 3 consecutive days, on components of the microsomal monooxygenase system, glutathione, and the activities of cytosolic glutathione S-transferase and microsomal epoxide hydrolase in Japanese quail liver were studied. Cytochromes P 450 and b5 contents of liver microsomes and the activities of 7-ethoxyresorufin deethylase (7-ERD) and glutathione S-transferase were significantly increased 1 day after administration of single doses of TCB. Liver GSH and 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylase (7-ECD) activity were unchanged. Microsomal epoxide hydrolase activity was significantly decreased at TCB doses above 400 mg/kg. Increases in cytochromes and activities of 7-ERD and glutathione S-transferase were also seen following the 3-day administration of TCB, 400 mg/kg. In addition, liver GSH and the activity of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase were significantly increased whereas 7-ECD was significantly decreased by the 3-day treatment. These findings indicate that in Japanese quail, TCB is an inducer of 7-ERD and glutathione S-transferase but not of 7-ECD and epoxide hydrolase. PMID- 6605600 TI - [Postero-anterior nose growth]. PMID- 6605601 TI - [The Muhlemann-Son Sulcus Bleeding Index--its evaluation as a practice-relevant method for early recognition of periodontopathies using comparative measurements of the partial pressure of oxygen in the capillaries of the gingiva]. PMID- 6605602 TI - Augmentation of intestinal and peripheral natural killer cell activity during the graft-versus-host reaction in mice. AB - We have investigated the possibility that nonspecific cytotoxicity may be involved in the pathogenesis of the intestinal phase of the graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) in mice. A GVHR was induced in unirradiated (CBA X BALB/c)F1 mice and natural killer (NK) cell activity against YAC-1 followed in the spleen, mesenteric lymph node (MLN), and isolated intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). Augmented NK activity developed simultaneously in all tissues in parallel with the progress of the GVHR. The NK activity of IEL also showed a close association with the increased numbers of IEL found on sections of small intestine. Mature T lymphocytes and macrophages did not contribute to the nonspecific cytotoxicity, and antihost cytotoxic T cells were not detected in any tissue. The results indicate that generalized recruitment of NK cells occurs during the GVHR both in peripheral and intestinal lymphoid tissues, and we propose that lymphokines are responsible for this phenomenon. NK cells recruited by a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction may contribute to the pathogenesis of the GVHR, but an alternative explanation is that NK cells may inhibit the progression of the GVHR. PMID- 6605603 TI - The prevalence and annual rate of tuberculous infection in South Africa. AB - The prevalence and incidence rates of tuberculous infection were calculated from 170 000 Mantoux test results gathered by the Tuberculosis Research Institute between 1974 and 1980 and also from tuberculin survey results from other sources covering the periods 1944-45 and 1953-54. Prevalence rates in 10-year-olds were generally low in the Asian and White groups, less than 5% at present, and fairly high in the Coloured and Black groups, whose rates ranged from 10% to 20%. Very little difference was found between the prevalence rates of the urban and rural populations in any of the age groups surveyed, but as a rule higher rates were found in lowland (mostly coastal) than in highland regions. An overall annual decrease over the past 25-30 years of 5% in the infection rates of Blacks and Coloureds was estimated, and of 7% and 8% in Asians and Whites. However, it is suggested that these downward trends have increased progressively in all ethnic groups in South Africa in recent years, but that annually they do not exceed 13%. Annual rates of infection in 7-year-olds were expected to reach 1-2 per 1000 Blacks by 1982. One tuberculous infection annually per 1000 population may be considered sufficiently low for the disease to be regarded as of minimal importance. In South African Whites this level has already been reached and it is expected to be in Asians within the next 5-10 years. In Coloureds and Blacks another 20 to 30 years will have to pass before this level is reached. PMID- 6605604 TI - Management of endophthalmitis. PMID- 6605605 TI - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents for post-cataract patients. PMID- 6605606 TI - [Otoneurological symptomatology in the diagnosis of internal ear diseases]. PMID- 6605607 TI - [The state of equilibrium in persons of various age groups based on stabilographic data]. PMID- 6605608 TI - T- and B-lymphoid cell population in calves immunized against Theileria annulata. AB - Distribution of T- and B-lymphoid cells in peripheral blood, lymph node, spleen and bone marrow of normal healthy calves and valves immunized against Theileria annulata followed by challenge on Day 50 post-immunization were studied by rosette tests. Significantly increased percentages of T- and B-lymphoid cells were recorded in immunized calves. PMID- 6605609 TI - The prevalence and pathogenicity of Chorioptes bovis (Hering, 1845) and Psoroptes cuniculi (Delafond, 1859) (Acari: Psoroptidae) infestations in feral goats in New Zealand. AB - Between October 1976 and January 1980 a total of 368 feral goats was examined in New Zealand for the presence of Chorioptes bovis and 434 for the presence of Psoroptes cuniculi. The seasonal pattern of C. bovis infestation in feral goats was similar to that seen in sheep and cattle. The prevalence of infestation reached 100% in July and August (winter) and declined to 27% in February and March (summer). Fewer goats were infested with P. cuniculi and prevalence of infestation reached a maximum of 41% in July. No goats were found infested in the December and January samples. Chorioptes bovis infestation was independent of the age and sex of hosts. Infestation with P. cuniculi was independent of the sex of the hosts, but older goats were more frequently infested (16%) than younger goats (8.6%). Unilateral infestation with P. cuniculi was more common (74.5%) than bilateral infestation. No severe lesions were associated with C. bovis, but 21.3% of goats with P. cuniculi had the external auditory meatus blocked by waxy material and 12.8% had scabby encrustations on the ears. The importance of goats as a possible source of infestation to domestic animals is discussed. PMID- 6605610 TI - Virological and immunological study of 20 patients with Balkan endemic nephropathy. AB - A virological and immunological study was carried out in 20 cases of Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) belonging to two distinct geographical areas of a Romanian county. Cytopathogenic agents could be isolated in the BHK-21 cell line from 14 urine samples and from one kidney biopsy specimen. Sera from BEN patients gave autologous and heterologous neutralization reactions against several cytopathogenic agents, within the same or from the other geographical area. Humoral and cell-mediated immunity tests against standard antigens and one of the cytopathogenic agents revealed a general preservation of immune reactivity in BEN patients. PMID- 6605612 TI - Mode of origin of large extracellular photovoltages from the retinal rods of the frog. AB - Arrays of extracellular microelectrodes were advanced into the receptor layer of isolated frog retinae to measure interstitial voltage and resistance. In addition, current was locally injected through one of the micro-electrodes and spatial profiles of local resistance were recorded. A large increase of local resistance in the proximal half of the receptor layer was frequently associated with the occurrence of large extracellular voltages arising from rods. The large responses presumably occur at sites where the micropipette tip makes tight contact with membrane process of the rod inner segment and a quasi-intracellular mode of recording results. PMID- 6605611 TI - Two late response components in on-off ganglion cells of the frog retina: the delayed response-generated by red rods; the second off-response-generated by green rods. AB - Frog on-off retinal ganglion cells react to diffuse, large-sized stimuli not only with an "early response" and a "delayed response" but also with a "second off response". The intensity at which the delayed response becomes visible coincides with the quantum amount necessary for saturating the red rod response. The spectral sensitivity of the delayed response fits the nomogram for the 502 nm pigment. Unlike the delayed response, the second off-response appears earlier with increasing stimulus intensity and follows the 433 nm nomogram. Therefore, it is most probably generated by the green rods. PMID- 6605613 TI - [Usefulness of the peroral test with the chymotrypsin substrate 4-(N-acetyl-L tyrosyl)aminobenzoic acid in patients with kidney diseases]. PMID- 6605614 TI - [Direct electric stimulation of the upper urinary tract in ureteral calculi in pilots]. PMID- 6605615 TI - [Pulsed vacuum in the complex treatment of periodontitis]. PMID- 6605616 TI - [Morpho-functional evaluation of the action of galvanic current]. PMID- 6605617 TI - [Various metabolic parameters in obese patients during treatment with sine modulated currents]. PMID- 6605618 TI - [Tendinitis of the greater trochanter and its treatment with decimeter-band waves and sine-modulated currents]. PMID- 6605619 TI - [Underground supply of a mineral water of seawater type]. PMID- 6605620 TI - Use of monoclonal anti-C3 antibodies to characterise the fragments of C3 that are found on erythrocytes. AB - Using monoclonal antibodies to C3 it has been shown that the red blood cells of patients with cold haemagglutinin disease carry on their cells C3d,g (alpha-2D globulin) rather than C3d. C3d,g seems to be the final product of in vivo C3 activation in fluid phase and on red cells. The cleavage of C3dg to C3d and C3g does not appear to occur in vivo either in the fluid phase or on red cell bound C3bi. In vitro C3-coated red cells prepared by antibody or low ionic strength techniques produce cells with C3d and C3bi as the predominant C3 fragment, whereas the Fruitstone technique in which coating occurs by the alternative pathway has principally C3b. The activity of C3 cleaving enzymes in whole serum is strongly influenced by the ionic conditions of the serum. PMID- 6605621 TI - [Characteristics of local and distant effects of galvanic current]. PMID- 6605622 TI - [T and B lymphocyte levels in the peripheral blood of coal miners with anthracosilicosis]. PMID- 6605623 TI - [Changes in the indices of cellular and humoral immunity in patients with gastrointestinal ulcer]. PMID- 6605624 TI - [Clinical evaluation of various indices of T and B immunity systems in patients with chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 6605625 TI - [Correlation between the T, K and NK cell count and the IgE level in patients with atopy (pollinosis)]. AB - In a homogenous group of patients with polyposis, IgE level was juxtaposed to the number of E-rosette-forming cells (E-RFC), K- and NK-cells. The effect of a parenterally introduced allergen (via an accelerated course hyposensibilization) was also determined upon those indices. The number of E-RFC was diminished in the patient group (53,1 +/- 3,3%) as compared with the results (67,2 +/- 2,1%) obtained from the control subjects, selected by the control method of couples. A dependence of a direct ratio was found between the number of E-RFC and IgE level in the patients. The number of K- and NK-cells in the patients did not significantly differ from their number in the control subjects; no relationship was found between the number of K-cells and the number of NK-cells, between those cells and IgE level or the number of E-RFC. Allergen-specific cells - kilers were present in the peripheral blood of the patients with polyposis. The course of specific hyposensibilization carried out was accompanied, in all patients by increased number of E-RFC (to 122 +/- 7% as compared with the initial level) and a reduction of the number of K-cells (to 36 +/- 5.4% as compared with the initial level). Both the changes in IgE level and the number of NK-cells were not of one type in all patients. PMID- 6605626 TI - [Eye symptoms in general diseases]. PMID- 6605627 TI - [A case of bleeding angiodysplasia of the colon]. AB - Report on a patient with bleeding angiodysplasia of the ascending colon. The clinical course was characteristic for this kind of lesions: long-term, chronic, recurrent intestinal hemorrhages with a gradual increase of anemia. Diagnosis was complicated by lack of success in finding the source of the hemorrhage and by evidence of various pathological findings. Histologically, there were vessel variations typical for angiodysplasia and, furthermore, cholesterol emboli of the submucosal colic arteries. The latter's pathogenetic role as trigger for the hemorrhage is discussed. PMID- 6605628 TI - Immunologic responses to experimental strongyloidiasis in rats. AB - Humoral and cellular immune responses were evaluated in Lewis rats infected with high (3000) inocula of Strongyloides ratti larvae (L3). The responses of peripheral and mesenteric node lymphocytes to crude larval antigen (by lymphocyte proliferation assay) sharply rose between days 12 and 16 of the primary infection and days 8 and 12 of the challenge, and decreased promptly to almost preinfection levels. Spleen lymphocytes failed to show any response to the primary infection, but did exhibit a modest response after challenge. The responses of peripheral lymphocytes to the mitogen phytohemagglutinin fell considerably on infection day 8 and then rose sharply to very high levels. Reinfection caused a small decrease in responsiveness, followed by another increase after 10 days. Inoculation of 3000 heat-killed larvae stimulated a response in peripheral lymphocytes similar to that elicited by the inoculation of live larvae. Spleen lymphocytes appeared to be stimulated more by the killed larvae inoculation, whereas only a limited response was found in mesenteric node lymphocytes in animals inoculated with dead larvae. IgG antibody titers against S. ratti antigen were measured by the enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). A significant elevation was noted between days 12 and 20 with a return to pre-infection levels between days 80 and 150. Challenge with 3,000 L3 induced a rapid and significant elevation. These data indicate that in rats experimentally inoculated with large numbers of S. ratti larvae a direct relationship exists between the development of cellular and humoral immune responses to larval antigens, the expulsion of the intestinal worms, and the acquisition of resistance to subsequent challenge. PMID- 6605629 TI - Promoted healing of chronic ulceration by transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TNS). PMID- 6605631 TI - [Central ventriculography--pre- and postoperative findings in tumors of the 4th ventricle]. AB - Central dimer-X-ventriculography is a method that should not be renounced even in our time when computer tomography is available. It provides a high degree of accuracy of the results of the diagnosis of tumours of the 4th ventricle and is also suitable for postoperative check-ups with the rate of complications appearing to be very small. PMID- 6605630 TI - [Epidemiology of sudden infant death (sudden infant death syndrome, SIDS) in the Lubeck area. Catamnestic studies of 155 observed cases from 1971 to 1981]. AB - The 155 cases of SIDS investigated at the Institut fur Rechtsmedizin of the Medizinische Hochschule in Lubeck (northern part of the Federal Republic of Germany) between 1971 and 1981 have been analysed retrospectively under epidemiological aspects. The incidence was 2.17 cases of SIDS/1,000 live-born babies, 63.9% were male, 79.3% of the infants died during the first 6 months of life with a clear peak in the 2nd month. There was no seasonal accumulation; 68.4% of the infants died between 8.00 p.m. and 8.00 a.m., in 75% the socio economic factors were inconspicuous, but we observed a significantly higher incidence of infants from mothers younger than 25 years. In 58% of our cases no signs of illness or changed behaviour had been observed during the 48 h before death. The results of our study are compared with the literature and discussed with special regard to a possible prevention. PMID- 6605632 TI - [Effect of levamisole on the B immunity system indices of erysipelas patients]. AB - When used for the treatment of patients with different clinical forms of erysipelas, levamisole induced a significant decrease in the B-lymphocyte level in the peripheral blood and the concentration of IgG and IgA, previously elevated. PMID- 6605633 TI - [Quantitative characteristics of the state of the T- and B-systems of immunity in the peripheral blood of patients with cerebrovascular disorders]. AB - A clinical-immunologic study of 133 patients was carried out to elucidate the status of the T- and B-immune systems in atherosclerotic dyscirculatory encephalopathy (ADE) in the acute period of cerebral infarction and hemorrhagic stroke. A similar pattern of elevation in humoral and tissue immunity, with quantitative fluctuations in the intensity of individual parameters in various dyscirculatory disorders, was found. The changes indicate that cerebral stroke develops in the body already sensitized in the prestroke period and its development involves the central and peripheric links of the immune system. PMID- 6605634 TI - Contribution of provocative pharmacologic tests to the diagnosis of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6605635 TI - Phonocardiographic assessment of the prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in the prospective survey of heart disease in schoolchildren: a seven year cumulative study. PMID- 6605636 TI - Origin of the third heart sound. PMID- 6605637 TI - Prognosis in coronary artery disease: a noninvasive approach. PMID- 6605638 TI - Oesophageal perforation after sclerotherapy for variceal haemorrhage. AB - The significance of serious complications after endoscopic sclerotherapy is growing alone with the increasing popularity of this method. In a consecutive prospective series of 91 patients with massive haemorrhage from oesophageal varices, treated with fiberendoscopic injection sclerotherapy, four cases of oesophageal necrosis and rupture were encountered. PMID- 6605639 TI - Severe intrahepatic cholestasis due to the combined intake of oral contraceptives and triacetyloleandomycin. PMID- 6605640 TI - Multiresistant Haemophilus influenzae in Belgium. PMID- 6605641 TI - Alkaline phosphatase activity of rabbit erythrocyte rosette-forming thymocytes in the guinea pig. PMID- 6605642 TI - Refractory diarrhea in a patient with adult T cell leukemia. PMID- 6605643 TI - [Therapeutic endoscopy]. AB - The most important promotor for the development of techniques for therapeutic endoscopy was diagnostic polypectomy. This review gives a survey of modern techniques applied in therapeutic endoscopy: 1) Polypectomy: on the basis of the author's experience all colorectal polyps should be removed by endoscopy. This recommendation is based on the findings that 80% of these polyps are of neoplastic origin. In the upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopic polypectomy is not so important since 75% of the polyps are of regenerative nature and only 2% appear to be primary malignant. 2) Control of bleeding: endoscopic control of bleeding is of high value as acute primary procedure. In the author's experience the modified use of electrocoagulation is preferable to the laser beam technique since it is less expensive and more mobile. 3) Endoscopic papillotomy and removal of stones: 10.9% complications were observed in 647 papillotomies, pancreatitis (2.6%) and bleeding (2.5%) being the most important. A mechanical lithotriptor is presented as a new device for lithotripsy in the common bile duct. So far 10 patients have been treated successfully by this technique. Other techniques like endoscopic prothetics or occlusion of the pancreatic duct are discussed including the author's preliminary experiences with these new techniques, that are still at experimental stage. PMID- 6605644 TI - Effects of oxygen on central haemodynamics and VA/Q distribution after coronary bypass surgery. AB - Central haemodynamics and ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) distribution were studied in 16 patients, 21 h after coronary bypass surgery, during ventilation with FIO2 = 0.3 and 1.0. VA/Q distributions were determined by the multiple inert gas elimination technique. In 15 patients with normal preoperative lung function, there was a significant shunt of 7.5% of cardiac output and perfusion of regions with VA/Q between 0.005-0.1 of 2.4% (FIO2 = 0.3). Mean VA/Q for the Q distribution was 0.89 with log s.d. of 0.92. Ventilation of regions with VA/Q above 100 was 0.22. After 30 min of ventilation with FIO2 = 1.0, there was a slight increase in cardiac output while pulmonary arterial mean pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance showed slight decreases. There was a marked increase of the shunt in three patients but the increase for the whole group was not significant. Perfusion of regions with low VA/Q (0.005-0.1) increased significantly to 8.7% while the distribution of ventilation remained unchanged. The changes in distribution of Q were probably due to a release of hypoxic vasoconstriction in combination with complete or incomplete alveolar collapse. One patient with obstructive lung disease showed only minor changes in perfusion distribution. PMID- 6605645 TI - Effects of enflurane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia and surgical stimulation on regional coronary haemodynamics in a patient with LAD bypass graft. AB - Central and regional coronary haemodynamics were studied in a patient with a left anterior descending artery (LAD) graft and angiographically visible collaterals from a normal right coronary artery. A three-thermistor thermodilution catheter was used for measuring total coronary sinus blood flow and great cardiac venous blood flow, the latter being a good representative of blood flow through the LAD. Enflurane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia induced marked coronary vasodilatation and redistribution of blood flow from the LAD to other areas draining into the coronary sinus. The most likely mechanism for the redistribution of blood flow in this patient was steal via the collaterals between the LAD and the right coronary artery. During surgical stimulation, the flow through the LAD was further compromised due to pronounced coronary vasoconstriction, probably mediated by catecholamine release. PMID- 6605646 TI - Granular corneal dystrophy with late manifestation. AB - Ninety-two cases of granular corneal dystrophy, most of them belonging to 5 pedigrees are described. The age of manifestation in this Finnish type of granular dystrophy is first in the end of the second decade, and visual acuity is in mean normal through the whole life. An autopsy study showed no changes outside cornea elsewhere in the eyeball. In one family with granular dystrophy, another type of dystrophy, hereditary fleck dystrophy of the cornea, was accidentally found. PMID- 6605647 TI - Is myopia getting more frequent? A cross-sectional study of 1416 Danes aged 16 years+. AB - A hospital material considered refractively unselected is made up by adult patients referred for general eye examination from other (non-ophthalmic) departments (n = 1416; 2832 eyes). Thirty per cent of all eyes had negative refractive value. The highest myopia prevalence, about 40%, was seen in the age group 26-45 years. Glass-demanding myopia (of at least -0.75 D) occurred in 14% of the elderly (66 years +) against 27-28% in younger adults. Up to the age of 45, more females were myopic than males. The present prevalences are considerably higher than expected from previous Danish studies. It is discussed to what extent this increase is real. The diabetes of the sample (representing 762 eyes) show a shift towards negative refractive values (37.9% with myopia) as compared to non diabetics (27.5%). The diabetic surplus is due to low degree myopia cases. The association between myopia and (well-controlled) diabetes seems to be a new observation. PMID- 6605648 TI - Management of complications after cataract surgery by the pars plana approach. AB - Various ocular complications following cataract surgery were treated using vitrectomy instruments by the pars plana approach. A total of 11 eyes were operated. Eight of these eyes had various anterior segment problems: Secondary cataract (2 eyes), cyclitic pupillary membranes (2 eyes), up-drawn pupils (3 eyes), and occluding pupillary membrane following haemorrhage (1 eye). In 2 of these eyes opacities in the posterior vitreous were present as well. In addition, pars plana vitrectomy was performed in 3 eyes with presumed bacterial endophthalmitis. In one of these eyes, the vitreous was sterile at the time of the vitrectomy. The vitreous of the 2 other eyes contained Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. In the eyes with anterior segment problems, clear optical media were obtained in all cases. The visual outcome in these patients was determined by the condition of the retina at the time of surgery. Two of the eyes with endophthalmitis were saved with some preservation of vision. The third of these eyes which suffered from endopthalmitis caused by penicillinase-producing Staphylococcus aureus, was lost. In this case vitrectomy and adequate antibiotic therapy was delayed. The modern vitrectomy instruments designed for pars plana vitrectomies are highly suitable for management of anterior segment problems following cataract surgery. When these problems are combined with pathology of the posterior vitreous, both kinds of problems may be dealt with at the same operation. In cases of presumed bacterial endophthalmitis, early vitrectomy should be considered to remove infective organisms, to obtain a definite diagnosis, and at the same time the eye may be perfused with antibiotics. PMID- 6605649 TI - Quantification of slow compensatory eye movements in patients with bilateral vestibular loss. A study with a broad frequency-band rotatory test. AB - Seven patients with bilateral vestibular dysfunction were investigated with a new broad frequency oscillatory test. The vestibular stimulation was of two types: a pseudo-random oscillation in the frequency range 0.5-4 Hz and a sinusoidal frequency sweep from 0.5 to 3.5 Hz. Compensatory eye movements were recorded by EOG. Gain and phase values between eye and head movements were extracted using power spectral analysis technique. Two different visual conditions were used: 1) fixating a stationary target and /) fixating a moving target (visual suppression test). At high frequencies all patients showed a reduced VOR gain compared to normal subjects. At low frequencies gain values were close to normal when using a predictable (sinusoidal) stimulation. With a non-predictable (pseudo-random) stimulation gain values were significantly reduced even at low frequencies. The patients with the most severe loss showed a phase lag at higher frequencies (condition 1). The results in the oscillatory test were compared to subjective symptoms and caloric responses. The new test appears to be better suited to assess the vestibular function in patients with suspected bilateral vestibular loss than the caloric test or other traditional procedures. PMID- 6605650 TI - Freeze-fracturing of vestibular sensory epithelia in a strain of the waltzing guinea pig. AB - The waltzing guinea pig exhibits genetically induced inner ear disease which develops into deafness and vestibular disorder. The type I hair cell in vestibular end organs shows specific pathology, featuring protrusion of the hair cell apex, sensory hair fusion and an intracellular actin filament rod. With the freeze-fracturing technique, consecutive stages of degeneration of the apical part of the type I hair cell are shown. Different possible mechanisms underlying these changes are discussed. It is probable that the genetically induced prenatally developed hair cell pathology is related to a pathological development of actin filaments and their connections in the apical cytoskeleton. PMID- 6605651 TI - Middle ear disease in samples from the general population. Prevalence and incidence of otitis media and its sequelae. The study of men born in 1913-23. AB - A study of 1371 men 20, 30, 50 and 60 years old and living in Goteborg was performed to obtain information on the incidence and prevalence of otitis media in a non-selected population. In addition to anamnestical data, a thorough examination of the ENT-status was made by one observer. There was no indication that otitis media has become a more rare disease since the early part of the century. However, the course of the disease does seem to be shorter and milder in more recent decades. This conclusion is supported by a substantially higher frequency of grave pathologic changes in the tympanic membranes in the two oldest cohorts compared with the two younger. A further indication is that mastoidectomies have become a rare type of operation during recent decades. PMID- 6605652 TI - Hydralazine-induced relapsing polychondritis-like syndrome. Report of a case with severe chronic laryngeal complications. AB - Relapsing polychondritis is a rare disease of uncertain etiology, characterized by inflammation of cartilage. Cartilage of the respiratory tract is engaged in more than half of all cases. Hydralazine-induced systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) is a well known disease. Females who are slow acetylators and are HLA-DR4 positive when treated with hydralazine are at serious risk of contracting SLE syndrome. We describe here a woman, treated for 10 years with hydralazine, who was a slow acetylator and was HLA-DR4 positive and who presented with a relapsing polychondritis and ultimately required a permanent tracheostoma. To our knowledge, this is the first published case of relapsing polychondritis induced by hydralazine. PMID- 6605653 TI - Embryonic development of the specific vestibular hair cell pathology in a strain of the waltzing guinea pig. AB - The cytodifferentiation and maturation of vestibular hair cells, and the pathological development of vestibular type I hair cells, were followed in a strain of the waltzing guinea pig. The hair cells are first identified on the 30th gestational day. During the next 7-10 days the number of hair cells increases considerably in parallel with cytodifferentiation: the development of stereocilia, the cuticular plate, the afferent nerve terminals and the formation of synaptic contacts. On the 48th gestational day efferent nerve terminals are identified as are also a large number of fully developed nerve calyces. Differentiation into hair cells type I and type II was clearly evident at this stage. The first pathological finding appeared on the 38th gestational day as fusion of stereocilia. Actin filament rods in type I hair cells are identified with certainty on the 60th gestational day. In parallel with the in vivo development, inner ear explants (30-50th gestational days) were cultured in vitro. In this material actin filament rods were found already in 30th gestational day explants cultured 8 days in vitro. At this stage also hair cell protrusion and sensory hair fusion occurred. PMID- 6605654 TI - Efferent innervation of vestibular receptors in the cat: a radioautographic visualization. AB - A tritiated amino acid tracing method was used to test the hypothesis that a unilateral group of vestibular efferent neurons of the brain stem may present different innervation patterns to the sensory vestibular epithelia of the ipsi- and contralateral labyrinths. Densitometric analysis of labeled efferent endings suggested a heterogeneity of the efferent projections issuing from a unilateral predominated in the maculae utriculi and cristae ampullares of the semicircular canals. These findings are discussed as a function of other data related to efferent vestibular control. PMID- 6605655 TI - Saccadic movements. A computerized study of their velocity and latency. AB - The mean velocity of the eye during the execution of a voluntary saccade can reach levels close to 400 degrees/sec, for amplitudes of 40 degrees. However, during the execution of these saccades, there are moments in which the eye develops velocities superior to 500 degrees/sec. The latency of the saccades diminishes when the stimuli are periodic, though it increases in the measure that the amplitude of the movement to be carried out increases. During the execution of the saccade the eye goes through a phase of rapid acceleration which occupies approximately a third of the total time used in the saccade. The rest of the time is spent in decreasing the velocity of the ocular movement. We feel that the velocities of all fast eye movements are not equal. Rather, the fast phases of nystagmus have a lesser velocity than do the saccades; though this last point is an opinion subject to future statistical confirmation. PMID- 6605656 TI - Quantification and localization of vestibular loss in unilaterally labyrinthectomized patients using a precise rotatory test. AB - Unilateral vestibular loss was characterized using a high torque rotatory test and spectral analysis. The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) of unilaterally labyrinthectomized patients was measured during passive body rotation using sinusoidal (0.5-3 Hz) and pseudo-random (0.5-5 Hz) stimulation 1) while the patient fixated an earth-fixed target and 2) during fixation of a moving target. Asymmetrical responses towards the labyrinthectomized side (as postulated by Ewald's second law) were exhibited by all patients at and above approximately 2 Hz sinusoidal stimulation and during random stimulation under illuminated conditions. The most pronounced gain loss and minimal response variability between subjects was observed during VOR suppression (moving target fixation) and random stimulation. Therefore, clinical quantification as well as the side detection of peripheral vestibular loss is best based on a fixation suppression task under fully lit conditions with a random stimulus. PMID- 6605658 TI - Plasma concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in a case of rickets of prematurity. AB - Rickets was diagnosed in an extremely low-birthweight infant 16 weeks after birth. She had a normal plasma concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, a relatively low level of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and a markedly elevated 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D level compared with adult standards. The plasma concentrations of the vitamin D metabolites were, however, indistinguishable from those of healthy preterm infants who received a similar diet of human milk and vitamins. The results indicate that rickets was not caused by vitamin D deficiency or by abnormal vitamin D metabolism, but by calcium and/or phosphate deficiency, and that the calcium and phosphorous content of human milk may be inappropriately low for very low-birthweight infants. PMID- 6605657 TI - Postnatal development of the vestibular sensory epithelium in the mouse. AB - The vestibular epithelium of the CBA/CBA mouse was analyzed from birth until the adult stage. Hair cells type I and type II develop in parallel. Initially, the innervation progresses rapidly post partum. A few mature type I hair cells with fully developed nerve calyces occur 4 days post partum. An early temporary innervation of both type I and type II hair cells occurs and is later rebuilt forming mature nerve endings and nerve calyces. Synaptic bodies develop within the cytoplasm of hair cells without the contact of nerve endings. Efferent nerve endings develop late on both type I and type II hair cells and moreover are few in the adult animal. The vestibular epithelium is not completely mature until 3-4 weeks post partum. PMID- 6605660 TI - [Dehydrogenation accompanied decomposition of pyrido-pyrimidine carboxamide (CHINOIN-127)]. PMID- 6605659 TI - A case of immunodeficiency with decreased serum IgA levels and impaired polyclonal B cell differentiation in vitro. AB - We report a patient with low serum IgA levels and persistent pulmonary infection. In spite of the normal contents of serum IgG and IgM, the patient had a deficiency for plasma cell differentiation of all major classes of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM). Cross culture systems between normal T or B cells and the patient's T or B cells showed a defect of both T and B cell function. PMID- 6605662 TI - Selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors. II. 4-aminophenylalkylamine derivatives. PMID- 6605661 TI - Drinking water and drug dosage in rat studies. AB - Spontaneously hypertensive rats were treated with verapamil, hydralazine, indapamide or bepridil added to their drinking water. These substances had most different effects on the water consumption of the animals, displaying both positive and negative feed-back mechanisms. Furthermore there were considerable differences in stability of the drugs in solution. It is therefore concluded that continuous control of water intake and analysis of the stability of the drug is essential for the establishment of proper dose-response relationships. PMID- 6605663 TI - Single unit activities produced in the frog spinal cord by natural stimulation of proprio- and exteroceptors. AB - Central branches of primary afferents, interneurons, and motoneurons were studied by extracellular microelectrodes in the frog spinal cord in situ. Responses to electrical stimulation of dorsal root fibers and ventral roots axons, as well as those evoked by natural stimulation of skin and muscle receptors were investigated. Criteria were defined to identify interneurons on the basis of their responses to natural stimuli. Apparently specific subgroups of interneurons were found which could be activated from skin mechanoreceptors or from proprioceptors. Other interneurons revealed convergence of effects of skin stimuli and passive joint movements. Some interneurons gave complex responses including excitation and inhibition from different sources. Properties of primary afferents were similar to those reported by others. Motoneurons gave rather simple responses to natural stimuli. The results provide a basis for further work on subgroups of cells affected by specific stimuli. PMID- 6605664 TI - Monocrotophos effect on the bioelectric parameters of rabbit intestine and frog skin. AB - The effect of monocrotofos (in a concentration of 4.5 X 10(-3)M) on the bioelectric parameters of rabbit intestinal epithelium was compared with a similar effect on these parameters of frog skin. It was demonstrated that the tested pesticide added to the medium on the mucosal side of the intestinal wall or on the external side of frog skin caused no evident changes in the potential difference (PD), short-circuit current (CC) and resistance of the studied tissues. This suggested absence of monocrotophos-binding receptors on the external surface of these epithelial structures. The pesticide applied to the serosal side of the intestine decreased PD and SCC without changing the resistance. Applied to the internal surface of frog skin it raised the PD and SCC with some decrease of the resistance. The different pattern of the response could be due to structural differences and to species-specific differences of these epithelia. PMID- 6605665 TI - Sodium transport across isolated epithelial structures in vitro--Ledakrin in the liposomes as a moderator of the bioelectric activity of frog skin. AB - The effect of Ledakrin (an acridine derivative with antineoplastic action), free or liposome-bound, on the bioelectric activity of frog skin was studied by the method of Ussing and it was shown that this activity (being a function of sodium transport) depended on the chemical composition of the liposomes as well as on the calcium content of the experimental medium. Two conclusions have been drawn: 1) the first phase of the response triggered by Ledakrin is due to its action on the cell membrane, 2) the second phase depends on an intracellular mechanism due, probably, to Ledakrin effect on the cytoskeleton. PMID- 6605666 TI - The influence of dantrolene, diazepam, pentobarbital and 4-aminopyridine on shortening induced depression in isolated muscle fibres of the frog. AB - The influence of dantrolene, diazepam, pentobarbital and 4-aminopyridine on the depressant effect of active shortening during twitch and tetanus was investigated in isolated muscle fibres of the frog. These drugs are all presumed to alter the kinetics of the release and re-uptake of activator calcium during the excitation contraction process. The shortening induced depression was calculated as the difference in redeveloped force after a small (control) and a larger (test) release step and was expressed in per cent of the control. The depressant effect in response to a given amount of shortening during twitch contraction as well as during the plateau of a tetanus was approximately doubled after addition of 10 microM dantrolene. In contrast, diazepam (150 microM) reduced the shortening effect during the twitch to about one tenth of the value obtained in ordinary Ringer solution, while the force depression by shortening during tetanic stimulation remained essentially unaltered. Pentobarbital (1.0 mM) reduced the shortening induced depression during the twitch by 95-100%. 4-aminopyridine (3.0 mM) completely abolished the depressant effect of shortening obtained during the twitch and approximately halved the shortening effect during tetanic contraction. PMID- 6605667 TI - Demographic characteristics of depressives in northern Nigeria. AB - That depressive illness is universal can not be argued, but the severity, age of onset, manifestation, and the characteristics of those affected by the illness in different parts of the world, are issues yet to be properly resolved. This retrospective study from the northern part of Nigeria shows that 42% of all first contact patients received the diagnosis of depression. Depression was diagnosed more frequently in married women than single women. PMID- 6605669 TI - [Child health protection in Yugoslavia--analysis of specific morbidity in children]. PMID- 6605668 TI - Psychiatric in-patients in Anambra State, Nigeria. A psychosocial study. AB - In a 1-day survey, the sociodemographic and diagnostic characteristics of 128 patients in a psychiatric hospital in Nigeria were studied. There were more males (67%) than females (33%). The three main diagnostic groups found were schizophrenia (58%), affective psychoses (17%) and organic psychoses (12%). A total of 28% of the patients were illiterate and a further 47% had received primary school education terminating at various stages. The majority (66%) were either unskilled or unemployed. There was a predominance of young persons under the age of 40 years. Rural patients consulted traditional healers and prayer houses more often than did their urban counterparts. Electroconvulsive therapy was extensively used. The number of in-patient psychiatric beds in the State was found insufficient for its population size, and suggestions are made for future improvement. The possible sociocultural and medical implications of the findings are discussed. PMID- 6605670 TI - PET provides new answers to old questions. PMID- 6605671 TI - Vaginitis. PMID- 6605672 TI - Choosing antibiotic therapy for pneumonia. PMID- 6605673 TI - Computer-derived treadmill exercise score quantifies the degree of revascularization and improved exercise performance after coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - A computer-derived treadmill exercise score (TES) that quantifies the severity of the ischemic ST response to exercise was used to detect noninvasively graft occlusion or the progression of new lesions after coronary artery bypass surgery. Three months after surgery TES completely normalized in 68% of patients and improved by more than 70% in another 18% of patients, thus reflecting excellent improvement in exercise-induced ischemia in 87% of patients. Surgical results correlated well with completeness of revascularization as shown by repeat coronary angiography. When TES, done serially up to 4 years after surgery, remained unchanged, grafts were patent and no new critical lesions had occurred. Deterioration in TES always predicted either late graft occlusion or appearance of new, high-grade lesions in the native vessels. Thus TES provides a new, accurate method that quantifies the ischemic response to exercise and detects graft occlusion or new obstructive lesions in the native coronary arteries. PMID- 6605674 TI - Gallium-67 scanning: a new diagnostic approach to the post-pericardiotomy syndrome. PMID- 6605675 TI - Coronary artery bypass surgery during pregnancy. PMID- 6605676 TI - Relation between QRS changes and left ventricular function after coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - Preoperative and serial postoperative electrocardiograms (ECGs) were reviewed in 104 patients undergoing rest and exercise radionuclide angiocardiography before and 1 to 12 months after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Five patient groups were defined by ECG findings before and after CABG: Group I--normal ECG before and no ECG change after CABG; Group II--prior myocardial infarction by ECG before but no QRS change after CABG; Group III--all patients with a minor QRS change (less than 0.04-second Q wave, loss of R-wave amplitude) after CABG; Group IV--all patients with a major QRS change (greater than or equal to 0.04-second Q wave) after CABG; Group V--all patients without new Q waves or loss of R-wave amplitude but with a major QRS change (conduction disturbance) after CABG. Mean resting ejection fraction changed little after CABG in all groups, although the 0.03 increase in Group I was significant (p less than 0.05). Group IV had the largest decrease in resting ejection fraction after CABG (0.04), but this was not statistically significant. Mean exercise ejection fraction increased significantly (p less than 0.0001) in Groups I, II and III but not in Groups IV and V. QRS changes do not consistently reflect impairment of left ventricular (LV) function after CABG. PMID- 6605677 TI - Sensitivity of commercial agglutination and counterimmunoelectrophoresis methods for the detection of Haemophilus influenzae Type b capsular polysaccharide. AB - Comparison testing of commercial latex agglutination, coagglutination, and counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) reagents for the detection of Haemophilus influenzae Type b capsular antigen in cerebral spinal fluid was performed. Latex agglutination was the most sensitive (0.2 ng/mL), followed by coagglutination (10 ng/mL), and CIE (20 ng/mL). In addition, the commercial antisera for CIE failed to react with high concentrations of capsular antigen, well within the range found during the course of meningitis. PMID- 6605678 TI - Specific proteins precipitated by polyethylene glycol during assays for circulating C1q precipitable immune complexes. PMID- 6605679 TI - Initial antibiotic treatment of purulent meningitis in infants 1 to 2 months of age. AB - The bacterial cause of purulent meningitis in patients younger than 2 months of age was reviewed. Hemophilus influenzae was the most common organism isolated from infants 1 to 2 months of age. Gram-negative enteric organisms were not shown to cause meningitis in this age group in term infants without neonatal complications. Initial antibiotic therapy for infants in this age group should include ampicillin sodium and chloramphenicol sodium succinate. PMID- 6605680 TI - Endoscopic findings in chronic hemodialysis patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - Over a 7-year period 20 episodes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in 18 patients on chronic hemodialysis were evaluated endoscopically. The site, type of lesion and outcome were studied. We confirm that 1) mucosal inflammation is more commonly found in these patients than that reported in upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the general population and 2) mortality of gastrointestinal bleeding is not higher in this subset of patients than in the general population. The indications for endoscopy in this population are better defined than in other upper gastrointestinal bleeders. PMID- 6605681 TI - Effects of fenbufen, indomethacin, naproxen, and placebo on gastric mucosa of normal volunteers. A comparative endoscopic and photographic evaluation. AB - The effects of fenbufen (1,000 mg a day), indomethacin (150 mg a day), naproxen (750 mg a day), and placebo on gastric mucosa were determined by endoscopy and recorded photographically. One hundred normal subjects, randomly divided into equal, parallel-treatment groups, were given the drugs in divided daily doses for seven consecutive days. The results revealed that the effects of fenbufen on gastric mucosa were significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) less than those of either naproxen or indomethacin and not statistically different from those observed with placebo. PMID- 6605682 TI - Comparative study of gastrointestinal microbleeding caused by aspirin, fenbufen, and placebo. AB - Fifty volunteers, randomly divided into five groups, received placebo, fenbufen, or aspirin at dosages used in treating osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (fenbufen, 600 or 900 mg daily; aspirin, 3.6 g daily) for 28 days. Following radioactive chromium labeling of red cells in each subject, stool specimens were collected weekly for determination of blood loss by radioisotope procedure. Statistical analyses demonstrated no significant differences in gastrointestinal microbleeding between subjects who received fenbufen (600 or 900 mg daily) and those who received placebo. Conversely, there were significant (p less than 0.01) differences in microbleeding between subjects given aspirin and those given either dosage of fenbufen or placebo. PMID- 6605683 TI - Induction of polymeric IgA rheumatoid factors in infective endocarditis. AB - IgA and IgM rheumatoid factor activity, circulating immune complex levels, and antinuclear antibodies were measured in 17 patients with subacute or chronic infective endocarditis. Approximately three fourths of these patients had both IgA and IgM rheumatoid factors detectable by radioimmunoassay, and IgA and IgM rheumatoid factor activity was strongly correlated (p less than 0.01). In three patients studied, IgA rheumatoid factor activity was predominantly polymeric as assessed by sucrose density ultracentrifugation (55 to 92 percent of total rheumatoid factor activity) and could bind radiolabeled secretory component. No correlations between rheumatoid factor activity and circulating immune complex levels or antibodies to nuclear antigens were observed. These observations indicate that circulating polymeric IgA antibodies do not necessarily signify a mucosal stimulus for IgA production and also demonstrate differences in the intensity and spectrum of autoantibody production when compared with autoimmune diseases. PMID- 6605684 TI - Alterations in lymphocyte cell surface markers during various human infections. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocyte cell surface markers were studied in 146 patients with various forms of acute infection using B cell identification with antisurface immunoglobulin and T cell subset enumeration with hybridoma T cell subpopulation reagents. Significant depression was recorded in total numbers of T cells and T cell helper-inducer and suppressor-cytotoxic subsets in pneumonia, acute pyelonephritis, and severe generalized sepsis. In addition, proportions of T cells being the OKT4 helper-inducer phenotype were reduced only in patients over the age of 60 with pneumonia or sepsis. Patients with severe infection frequently had multiple T cell phenotypic surface marker abnormalities. In some instances, when depressions of total T cell numbers as well as respective helper inducer or suppressor-cytotoxic T cells were noted in the face of generalized sepsis, lack of improvement in these abnormalities during the course of treatment was associated with rapid clinical deterioration and death. On the contrary, in patients with a successful response to appropriate therapy, initial depressions of total T cell numbers and subsets improved progressively with clinical resolution of sepsis and illness. PMID- 6605686 TI - Surgical control of pelvic hemorrhage: method of bilateral ovarian artery ligation. PMID- 6605685 TI - Biphasic changes in hemoglobin A1c concentrations during normal human pregnancy. AB - Analyses of hemoglobin A1c concentrations were performed throughout gestation in 377 nondiabetic women. We observed significant biphasic changes in hemoglobin A1c concentrations, with an initial gradual decline to a nadir level at 24 weeks, followed by a subsequent slow reascension to peak near term. All these changes fell within the usual range of normal values for hemoglobin A1c. Values for plasma glucose estimated 1 hour after a 50 gm oral glucose load in 1,756 normal gravid women showed similar biphasic excursions, with the nadir occurring 4 weeks earlier, i.e., at 20 weeks' gestation. We conclude that the small but significant changes in hemoglobin A1c during the course of normal gestation reflect, with an appropriate displacement in time, the biphasic alterations in mean blood sugar that characterize the sequential changes in glucoregulation during normal pregnancy. PMID- 6605687 TI - Biologic determinants of dystrophic calcification and osteocalcin deposition in glutaraldehyde-preserved porcine aortic valve leaflets implanted subcutaneously in rats. AB - Bioprosthetic cardiac valve calcification is a frequent complication after long term valve replacement. In this study the authors sought to examine the biologic determinants of this type of dystrophic calcification using subcutaneous implants of glutaraldehyde-preserved porcine aortic valve leaflets (GPVs) in rats. GPVs and clinical valvular bioprostheses were prepared identically. Retrieved implants were examined for calcification and the deposition of osteocalcin (OC), a vitamin K-dependent, bone-derived protein, that is found in other dystrophic and ectopic calcifications. GPVs implanted in 3-week-old rats calcified progressively (GPV Ca2+, 122.9 +/- 6.0 micrograms/mg) after 21 days, with mineral deposition occurring in a morphologic pattern comparable to that noted in clinical retrievals. Calcified GPVs accumulated osteocalcin (OC, 183.4 +/- 19.4 ng/mg); Nonpreserved porcine aortic leaflet implants did not calcify (Ca2+ + 5.6 +/- 1.0 micrograms/mg). Millipore diffusion chamber (0.45-mu pore size enclosed GPV implants accumulated calcium and adsorbed osteocalcin despite the absence of attached host cells. GPVs implanted for 21 days in 8-month-old rats calcified less (GPV Ca2+, 22.4 +/- 5.0 micrograms/mg) than did GPVs implanted in 3-week-old rats (see above). High-dose warfarin therapy (80 mg/kg) did not alter GPV calcification (GPV Ca2+, 39.6 +/- 2.9 micrograms/mg) in 72-hour subcutaneous implants in 3-week-old male rats, compared with control rats (GPV Ca2+, 40.8 +/- 4.8 micrograms/mg). PMID- 6605688 TI - Expression of a T-cell antigen (Leu-1) by B-cell lymphomas. AB - The Leu-1 antigen has been defined by monoclonal antibodies (L17F12, T101, and OKT-1) as a pan-T-cell antigen present on all human peripheral blood T cells and thymocytes. Although originally thought to be confined to T-cell lineage, some cases of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia have been found to react with these antibodies. Using a frozen section immunoperoxidase staining technique, 125 lymphomas with B-cell differentiation were examined for the presence of Leu-1 antigen. Leu-1 antigen was detected in 4 of 11 cases of diffuse small lymphocytic lymphoma (Rappaport's DWDL) and 3 of 4 cases of diffuse intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma. Follicular lymphomas less often expressed this antigen--2 of 29 cases of the small cleaved cell type (Rappaport's NPDL), none of 13 cases of mixed small cleaved and large cell type (Rappaport's NM), and 1 of 6 cases of large cell type (Rappaport's NH). Diffuse lymphomas of presumed follicular center cell origin expressed this antigen infrequently as well--1 of 3 cases of the small cleaved cell type (Rappaport's DPDL), neither of 2 cases of mixed small cleaved and large cell type (Rappaport's DM), and 3 of 43 of large cell type (cleaved/noncleaved) (Rappaport's DH). Diffuse large cell, immunoblastic lymphoma of B-cell type expressed Leu-1 in 1 of 6 cases. None of the 3 cases of Burkitt's lymphoma or of the three small noncleaved non-Burkitt's lymphoma (Rappaport's undifferentiated) expressed detectable Leu-1. B-lymphoblastic lymphoma (1 case) and B-cell unclassified lymphoma (1 case) both failed to express detectable Leu 1. It appears that this pan-T-cell antigen is mainly found on those B-cell lymphomas composed predominantly of small lymphocytes. This finding may be of use in distinguishing extranodal neoplastic collections of small lymphocytes from lymphocytic hyperplasias. PMID- 6605689 TI - Distribution of T-cell subsets in follicular and diffuse lymphomas of B-cell type. AB - The authors examined the number and distribution of cells reacting with monoclonal antibodies to T-cell subsets in frozen tissue sections of B-cell lymphomas (30 follicular and 17 diffuse lymphomas). In five diffuse lymphomas (two lymphocytic, three small cleaved cell) the neoplastic B-lymphocytes reacted with the monoclonal antibody anti-T1. In all other cases, the monoclonal antibodies to T-cell subsets reacted only with small lymphocytes concentrated between the follicles of follicular lymphomas and distributed randomly in diffuse lymphomas. The distribution of T cells and the T4+/T8+ ratio in follicular small cleaved and mixed lymphomas was similar, although not identical, to that seen in hyperplastic lymphoid follicles. Fewer T cells and a decrease in the T4+/T8+ ratio were seen in follicular large cell lymphoma and in diffuse large cell lymphomas. The number and distribution of T cells in follicular lymphomas is consistent with the hypothesis that there is a functional interaction between neoplastic B cells and benign T cells. No tumors were found in which the neoplastic B cells reacted with anti-T3, anti-T4, or anti-T8. PMID- 6605690 TI - Immunohistologic cellular phenotypes of lymphoproliferative disorders. Comprehensive evaluation of 564 cases including 257 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas classified by the International Working Formulation. AB - The plethora of classifications for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) and controversy regarding the merits of the individual classification schemes has led to the articulation of an International Working Formulation for NHL classification by a working group sponsored by the National Cancer Institute. This classification is based on both architectural and cytologic features and has been shown to have clinical relevance, but it is not an immunologic approach. With the use of frozen sections and both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, a comprehensive immunohistologic study was made of 564 biopsy specimens 1) for determination of the utility of the principle of monoclonality in differentiating benign from malignant lymphoproliferative disorders, 2) for definition of the immunohistochemical phenotypes of histologically benign and malignant cellular proliferations, and 3) for evaluation of the immunologic phenotype of 257 non Hodgkin's lymphomas classified by the International Working Formulation. Two hundred seven "reactive benign" lymphoproliferations demonstrated polyclonal immunostaining. Monoclonal kappa light chain immunostaining was demonstrated in 3 of 4 cases classified as atypical hyperplasia, two of which had coexistent NHL or subsequently developed overt NHL. Frozen tissue sections were found to be essential for demonstration of immunoglobulin and glycoprotein membrane antigens. The results of immunohistochemical studies were readily integrated with the International Formulation. Although diffuse mixed and small lymphocytic lymphomas were immunologically heterogeneous (both T- and B-cell), follicular lymphomas were invariably of B-cell type, and immunoblastic lymphomas originating from homogeneous T- and B-cell populations were identified. PMID- 6605692 TI - Ca2+-dependent slow action potentials in normal and dystrophic mouse skeletal muscle. AB - Slowly rising action potentials (APs), previously described in amphibian skeletal muscle, were examined in skeletal muscle of normal and dystrophic mice (129/ReJ strain). A standard two-microelectrode recording technique was used. Muscles were bathed in a solution that was Cl- free (methanesulfonate substituted), high in K+ (20 mM), and contained 15 mM tetraethylammonium. The slow APs were elicited under conditions in which the fast Na+ channels were voltage inactivated (by partial depolarization) and in which the external Na+ concentration was only 10 mM. Increases in external Ca2+ concentration produced increases in slow AP amplitude and duration. Mn2+ (4 mM), La3+ (4 mM), and detubulation with osmotic shock blocked the slow APs. When slow APs were generated at 30-s intervals, their amplitude stayed constant. When they were generated at 15-s intervals, their amplitude decreased progressively and then fell to zero by the 11th stimulus. The Ca antagonists verapamil (10(-5) M) and bepridil (10(-5) M) caused this decrease in amplitude to occur more quickly. Voltage inactivation of the slow APs occurred between -45 and -10 mV. Slow APs recorded from dystrophic muscle fibers were decreased in amplitude and duration compared with those in normal fibers, and there was a reduced incidence of occurrence; 96% of the fibers in normal muscle exhibited slow APs compared with only 46% of dystrophic muscle fibers. In summary, slow Ca2+ APs in mammalian muscle are similar to those in cardiac and amphibian skeletal muscle, and these slow APs are depressed in dystrophic skeletal muscle. PMID- 6605694 TI - [Ultrastructural characteristics of the myometrium in the lower segment of the uterus in elderly primigravidas]. PMID- 6605693 TI - Regional venous return: nitroprusside effect in normal and chronically congested dogs. AB - The venous circulation is a key determinant of cardiac loading conditions. Although it may be altered by chronic congestive heart failure and vasodilating drugs, the mechanisms of these alterations have not been thoroughly studied, and their exact nature is unclear. We used venous return curves characterized by the pressure at zero flow (PZF) and resistance to venous return (RVR) to study the effect of nitroprusside and chronic congestion on regional venous return from the splanchnic and superior vena cava (systemic) venous beds in dogs. Chronic venous congestion was induced by prior creation of tricuspid insufficiency and pulmonic stenosis (TIPS). Nitroprusside lowered splanchnic PZF but not systemic PZF in both normal and TIPS animals. In normal animals systemic RVR increased during nitroprusside infusion but was unchanged in the congested animals. Resting values of PZF and RVR were different in the splanchnic and systemic venous beds in both normal and TIPS animals. We conclude that 1) nitroprusside works to selectively lower PZF in the splanchnic venous bed, 2) the regionally specific site of action of nitroprusside is not altered by TIPS, and 3) the independent behavior of the venous parameters of the two beds represents an important mechanism for the control of cardiac output. PMID- 6605695 TI - [Serum IgA levels in rheumatic diseases associated with autoimmune phenomena]. PMID- 6605691 TI - Experimental models of lymphoproliferative disease. The mouse as a model for human non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and related leukemias. AB - The present review focuses on the mouse as an experimental immunopathologic model for human non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and related leukemias. Immunomorphologic evidence is presented that clearly demonstrates that B- and T-cell subtypes of mouse (murine) lymphoma/leukemia closely resemble and are analogous to B- and T cell subtypes of human lymphoma/leukemia as defined by recently proposed immunomorphologic classifications. Further evidence is presented that favors the hypothesis that certain types of murine and human B-cell lymphoma develop out of prodromal, prelymphomatous states, which exhibit antecedent morphologic and immunologic abnormalities. The many experimental advantages of the murine systems are stressed, as well as the concept that the presently defined immunomorphologic approach should be effectively combined with molecular and cytogenetic parameters. PMID- 6605696 TI - Osmolal excretion after open heart surgery. AB - Water and osmolal balance was investigated during the peri-operative period in twenty unselected adult patients presenting for open heart surgery. On the day before surgery the mean urine output was 1.13 litres/sq m/24 hours and osmolal output 430 mOs/sq m/24 hours. Using a haemodilution cardiopulmonary bypass technique, patients received 2.62 litres/sq m and 792 mOs/sq m in the operating room. The pattern of excretion of this water and solute load was identified. Patients were still in positive balance on the day following surgery despite a considerable diuresis, with solute retention exceeding water retention. PMID- 6605697 TI - [Reduction of whole blood requirements in coronary surgery with hemoseparation and isovolemic hemodilution]. AB - Because of relative shortage of homologous stored blood, and the dangers of transmission infectious diseases and isoimmunisation, we tried to reduce blood requirement in cardiac surgery. In 139 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery different techniques of autotransfusion were applied. A 52% reduction of whole blood transfusion compared to a control group of patients could be obtained by preoperative isovolaemic haemodilution. The application of haemoseparation reduced the amount of whole blood used by 55%. When the two techniques were combined the use of whole blood was reduced by 70% compared to the control group of patients. In contrast retransfusion of blood remaining in the oxygenator is not advisable because only a small amount of blood can be saved in this way and in addition it results in a higher risk of postoperative bleeding. Our results will be discussed reviewing the literature. PMID- 6605698 TI - Pleiotropic effect of Tabby gene on epidermal growth factor-containing cells of mouse submandibular gland. AB - The influence of the Tabby gene on the submandibular gland of the mouse was assessed by comparing the mass of the gland, and its content of granular convoluted tubules, in prepubertal, pubertal, and adult Tabby mice and their wild type brother controls. The Tabby mice showed reduction in mass of the adult submandibular gland, delayed development of the granular convoluted tubules, and reduction in relative content of granular convoluted tubules. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is released from the granular convoluted tubules of the mouse submandibular gland, and it is known to experimentally influence the development of at least some of the structures that are affected by the Tabby gene. Accordingly, the question of a relationship between the Tabby gene and EGF is raised. PMID- 6605699 TI - [Evaluation of electroacupuncture analgesia in an early postoperative period]. PMID- 6605700 TI - Diagnostic utility of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - The records of 35 adult male patients with suspected Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome were reviewed to determine the diagnostic utility of fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Twenty-two of the 24 patients (92%) shown to have Pneumocystis pneumonia were diagnosed by bronchoscopy; 20 patients were diagnosed after 1 bronchoscopy and 2 patients after 2 bronchoscopies. The sensitivity of bronchoscopy specimens for diagnosing Pneumocystis pneumonia was 79% for transbronchial biopsies (19 of 24), 78% for transbronchial biopsy touch preparations (7 of 9), 55% for bronchial washings (11 of 20), and 39% for bronchial brushings (7 of 18). The overall sensitivity of fiberoptic bronchoscopy was 85% (22 positive of 26 total bronchoscopies). Complications, occurring during 6 of the 37 bronchoscopies, were slight hemoptysis (1 patient), fever (2 patients), septic shock (1 patient), and pneumothorax (2 patients). Fiberoptic bronchoscopy is a safe and effective procedure for making the early diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in adult male patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. PMID- 6605701 TI - Generalized lymphadenopathy in homosexual men. AB - The cases of 90 homosexual or bisexual men with generalized lymphadenopathy were studied by epidemiologic, clinical, pathologic, immunologic, and genetic methods. The patients ranged in age from 20 to 52 years and had histories of multiple sexually transmitted diseases and both recreational and prescription drug use. Histologically, their lymph nodes showed three patterns: explosive follicular hyperplasia; follicular involution with expansion of the paracortical area; and a mixed pattern of follicular hyperplasia and follicular involution in the same lymph node. The frequency of HLA-DR5 was significantly increased in these patients (p less than 0.005) compared with that in controls. All patients had impaired cell-mediated immunity. Opportunistic infections, lymphomas, or Kaposi's sarcoma subsequently developed in 15 patients who had had severe immune dysfunction for the previous 3 to 13 months. We suggest that generalized lymphadenopathy is part of the spectrum of a disorder manifested by acquired immunodeficiency, opportunistic infections, Kaposi's sarcoma, and malignant lymphomas. PMID- 6605702 TI - Immunogenetics of the neonatal lupus syndrome. AB - Infants with neonatal lupus erythematosus have congenital heart block, transient cutaneous lesions, or both. Mothers of these infants have SSA/Ro autoantibodies that are passed across the placenta to the fetus and that have been temporarily associated with the syndrome. Six families with neonatal lupus were studied by HLA typing. All seven infants had transient cutaneous lesions, congenital heart block, or both. Five of six mothers were asymptomatic and one had Sjogren's syndrome. Six of seven infants and all six mothers had antibodies to SSA/Ro in their sera. The infants became seronegative by age 8 months. Five mothers were positive for HLA-DR3, five for HLA-MB2, six for HLA-MT2, and six for HLA-B8. No HLA associations were seen in infants. Gene products of the DR or similar regions may be associated with autoantibody production but not with other events in tissue injury. PMID- 6605703 TI - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome associated with blood-product transfusions. AB - A 53-year-old white man had fever, malaise, and dyspnea on exertion. His chest roentgenogram was normal, but pulmonary function tests showed impaired diffusion capacity and a gallium scan showed marked uptake in the lungs. Results of an open lung biopsy documented Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Immunologic test results were consistent with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The patient denied having homosexual contact or using intravenous drugs. Twenty-nine months before the diagnosis of pneumocystis pneumonia was made, the patient had had 16 transfusions of whole blood, platelets, and fresh-frozen plasma during coronary artery bypass surgery at another medical center. This patient is not a member of any currently recognized high-risk group and is believed to have contracted the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome from blood and blood-product transfusions. PMID- 6605704 TI - The neonatal lupus syndrome, autoantibodies, and connective tissue disease. PMID- 6605705 TI - The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. PMID- 6605706 TI - Bone scanning in the detection and follow-up of skeletal lesions in histiocytosis X. PMID- 6605707 TI - [Recent progress in cardiovascular examination. Round table]. PMID- 6605708 TI - [Exercise tests before and after aortocoronary bypass]. AB - A stress test was performed before and after by-pass grafts in 83 patients. Post operatively, the number of painful stress tests fell from 68 to 28. Whatever the initial clinical picture (stable angina, anterior or inferior infarct), the improvements is significantly better when all of the lesions have been by-passed. Furthermores, there was no significant change in the maximal performance, but the appearance of pain occurred at much higher values, reflecting the improvement in coronary perfusion and the displacement of the point of appearance of ischaemia. PMID- 6605709 TI - Upper G-I bleeding following intraarterial chemotherapy infusion. AB - Two cases of severe upper G-I bleeding associated with hepatic 5-PU infusion are presented. This bleeding originated from duodenal ulcers caused by perforation of the gastroduodenal artery by the infusion catheter. They were visualized both at angiography which showed contrast leakage to the duodenum, and at gastroscopy, where the infusion catheter could be seen in the ulcer crater. The incidence and possible pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease following hepatic infusion chemotherapy is discussed. PMID- 6605710 TI - Pain relief in relation to tissue piroxicam concentrations in hip osteoarthritis. AB - Nine male and fourteen female hospital in-patients aged 45-82 years and suffering from advanced osteoarthritis participated in an open pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic study. After the clinical examination the patients were given piroxicam 30 mg daily for one to seven days before the elective hip joint operation. Drug effects were assessed by measuring the duration of morning stiffness and scoring pains at night and on motion. Concentrations of piroxicam were measured from serum and tissue (joint capsule, cartilage, cancellous bone) samples taken during the operation. Piroxicam concentrations in tissues were negligible on the first two days; measurable concentrations appeared from the third day on. They correlated to serum piroxicam levels but were much lower. Generally, the appearance of piroxicam in joint tissues coincided with the appearance of the analgesic effect of piroxicam. Skin samples from four patients showed piroxicam concentrations which were negligible or at least definitely lower than respective concentrations in serum. It is concluded that in patients with osteoarthritis the piroxicam concentrations in joint tissues are fairly low, and their correlation to the analgesic effect of piroxicam is not convincing. PMID- 6605711 TI - [Screening of beta-lactamase inhibitors among representatives of the genus Micromonospora and the genus Streptoverticillium]. AB - A total of 123 cultures of the genus Micromonospora and 89 cultures of the genus Streptoverticillium were studied for their capacity to produce beta-lactamase inhibitors. It was shown that streptoverticilla were highly resistant to beta lactam antibiotics. No organisms producing beta-lactamase inhibitors were detected among the cultures of this genus. As for Micromonospora, 30 cultures (24.4 per cent) of this genus produced inhibitors. They were most frequently isolated from orange and brown cultures of Micromonospora. The inhibitors had no antibacterial activity, inhibited beta-lactamases of gram-negative bacteria and did not inhibit exogenic beta-lactamases of staphylococci. Their inhibitory activity was evident only with the use of isolated enzymes. With the use of intact growing cultures of gram-negative bacteria producing the same enzymes (Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Enterobacter) no inhibitory activity was observed. Though the inhibitors had some features in common, they did not seem to be similar, since they had different spectra with respect to their effect on various beta-lactamases of gram-negative bacteria. PMID- 6605712 TI - [General toxic and organotropic properties of sisomicin sulfate in chronic experiments on animals]. AB - General toxic and organotropic properties of sisomicin sulfate were studied in chronic experiments on different animal species with the use of doses equivalent to therapeutic ones in humans or exceeding them by several times. When sisomicin was injected intramuscularly for 4 weeks in a dose equivalent by the body surface to the average daily dose for humans, no significant effect on the macroorganism was observed. When the dose was 2--4 times higher, a significant increase in the blood serum levels of the urea nitrogen, creatinine, bilirubin and aspartate aminotransferase was shown. Histological examinations revealed focal adiposis of epithelial cells of the convoluted tubules of the kidney and small areas of parenchymal necrosis. Impairment of vestibular and auditory functions was detected in some animals. PMID- 6605713 TI - Comparison of cefadroxil and cephalexin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. AB - Thirty-four patients with community-acquired acute pneumonias were treated in a prospective, randomized trial with either cefadroxil, 500 mg twice daily, or cephalexin, 250 mg four times daily. In both groups of patients, the presence of chronic illnesses predisposing to pneumonia was common. Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from 65% of the initial sputum specimens, and most illnesses were of mild to moderate severity. All 19 cases treated with cefadroxil and all 15 cases treated with cephalexin were clinically cured, and adverse reactions to the medications were minimal. The success of these regimens suggests that outpatient use of oral cephalosporin therapy may be an appropriate treatment of patients with mild or moderate community-acquired pneumonia. PMID- 6605714 TI - Comparison of polyacrylamide and agarose gel thin-layer isoelectric focusing for the characterization of beta-lactamases. AB - Plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases from strains of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were separated by isoelectric focusing on a 0.8-mm thin-layer agarose gel with a pH gradient of 3.5 to 9.5. Their banding patterns and isoelectric points were compared with those obtained with a 2.0-mm polyacrylamide gel as the support medium. The agarose method produced banding patterns and isoelectric points which corresponded to the polyacrylamide gel data for most samples. Differences were observed for HMS-1 and PSE-1 beta-lactamases. The HMS-1 sample produced two highly resolvable enzyme bands in agarose gels rather than the single faint enzyme band observed on polyacrylamide gels. The PSE-1 sample showed an isoelectric point shift of 0.2 pH unit between polyacrylamide and agarose gel (pI 5.7 and 5.5, respectively). The short focusing time, lack of toxic hazard, and ease of formulation make agarose a practical medium for the characterization of beta-lactamases. PMID- 6605715 TI - In vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of a monobactam, SQ 26,917, compared with those of aztreonam and other agents. AB - SQ 26,917 is a monobactam antibiotic. Its in vitro activity was compared with those of aztreonam, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and moxalactam. SQ 26,917, which contains a beta-methyl configuration on the beta-lactam ring, was similar in activity to aztreonam with the exception of greater activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. SQ 26,917 had no activity against gram-positive isolates or anaerobic bacteria. It was not hydrolyzed by common plasmid and chromosomal beta lactamases. PMID- 6605716 TI - Effect of inoculum size on Haemophilus influenzae type b susceptibility to new and conventional antibiotics. AB - Thirty-three Haemophilus influenzae type b isolates, including beta-lactamase acetyltransferase-positive strains, were tested by microtiter broth dilution for susceptibility to eight beta-lactam compounds and chloramphenicol. All antibiotics except ampicillin and chloramphenicol were highly bactericidal against all isolates at an inoculum of 10(5) CFU/ml. However, at an inoculum of 10(5) CFU/ml, the minimal bactericidal concentrations of all drugs except ceftriaxone were above levels usually achievable in cerebrospinal fluid. Results of time-kill studies confirmed this inoculum effect. In vivo studies are needed to test the clinical impact of these observations. PMID- 6605717 TI - Intermittent chemoprophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. AB - An intermittent regimen of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was tested in the corticosteroid-treated rat model to learn whether or not administration for 3 consecutive days a week would provide prophylaxis equal to continuous daily doses. Although all of the untreated control animals acquired Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, none of the animals given either continuous or intermittent trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole became infected. PMID- 6605718 TI - In vitro antibacterial activity and beta-lactamase stability of E-0702, a new cephalosporin. AB - The in vitro activity of E-0702 was compared with the in vitro activity of cefotaxime, ceftazidime, moxalactam, and aztreonam against 600 gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic isolates. E-0702 had a minimal inhibitory concentration for 50% of isolates (MIC50) of 25 micrograms for Staphylococcus aureus, 50 micrograms for Staphylococcus epidermidis, and 1.6 to 3.1 micrograms for streptococci, with Streptococcus faecalis resistant. E-0702 had MIC50s against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter aerogenes comparable to those of cefotaxime, ceftazidime, moxalactam, and aztreonam, but MIC90S were higher than those of the other agents. It was as active as the other agents against Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella spp., and Shigella spp., but was four- to eightfold less active against Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae, Providencia spp., Morganella spp., and Proteus vulgaris, with isolates in each species resistant. Activity against Bacteroides fragilis was fourfold less than that of cefoxitin. E-0702 was hydrolyzed by plasmid beta-lactamases and was only a weak inhibitor of plasmid and chromosomal beta-lactamases. There was an inoculum effect for E. cloacae, Serratia spp., Morganella spp., and Pseudomonas spp. PMID- 6605719 TI - In vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of U-63196E, a novel cephalosporin. AB - The in vitro activity of U-63196E, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic, was studied against various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and compared with the in vitro activities of cefotaxime, moxalactam, cefoperazone, ceftazidime, and aztreonam. Although U-63196E inhibited many ampicillin-resistant bacteria and its activity against gram-negative species was similar to cefoperazone, it was much less active than the other agents. U-63196E was less active than cefazolin against gram-positive species, and it was less active than cefoxitin or moxalactam against Bacteroides fragilis. U-63196E did not inhibit most cefoperazone- or cefsulodin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. There was a difference between minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentrations for isolates which contained beta-lactamases. Plasmid beta lactamases of the TEM, HSV, OXA, and PSE types hydrolyzed U-63196E. But U-63196E was relatively stable against hydrolysis by the chromosomal beta-lactamases. PMID- 6605720 TI - Susceptibility of Gardnerella vaginalis to cephradine. AB - The activity of cephradine and the influence of pH on its activity against 70 Gardnerella vaginalis strains were determined. Serial dilutions of cephradine (0.062 to 256 micrograms/ml) were incorporated into Dunkelberg agar, inoculated with a Steers replicator, incubated in 5% CO2 for 48 h, and examined. The minimal inhibitory concentrations for 90% of the isolates were 16 and 8.0 micrograms/ml at pH 7.0 to 6.0 and 5.5, respectively. PMID- 6605721 TI - Mg-2,4-divinyl pheoporphyrin a5: the product of a reaction catalyzed in vitro by developing chloroplasts. AB - The major product of an aerobic reaction mixture containing developing chloroplasts, Mg-protoporphyrin IX, S-adenosylmethionine, and other cofactors was isolated and purified. Structural studies using nuclear magnetic resonance confirmed earlier reports, based on fluorescence and absorption spectra, that this compound is Mg-2,4-divinyl pheoporphyrin a5. The molecular weight determined by secondary-ion mass spectroscopy further confirmed the assigned structure. Absorption and fluorescence spectra indicate that this compound is identical to that reported previously by various workers in less-purified biological extracts. The nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the Mg-free base also supports the assigned structure. PMID- 6605722 TI - Altered activation state of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase in liver tumors. AB - Extensive studies have demonstrated that the normal inhibition of cholesterol synthesis by cholesterol feeding is decreased in all hepatomas studied in vivo. This loss of the normal feedback regulation of cholesterol synthesis has been shown to be due to the failure of cholesterol ingestion to inhibit the activity of hydroxymethylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase. The basis for this absence of feedback control of cholesterogenesis is unknown. Studies to date have not demonstrated structural or kinetic differences between the HMG-CoA reductase of normal liver and hepatoma. The present study, however, demonstrates significant differences in the activation state of HMG-CoA reductase from normal liver and hepatoma. In normal liver only approximately 10-20% of the microsomal HMG-CoA reductase is in the dephosphorylated, active form while 80-90% is in the phosphorylated, inactive state. In contrast, in three different Morris hepatomas in vivo, from 53 to 73% of the HMG-CoA reductase is in the active state. That the increased activation state in hepatomas is a property of tumor tissue and is not solely due to rapid growth is demonstrated by the fact that in both fetal and regenerating liver an enhanced activation state of HMG-CoA reductase is not observed. Additionally, preincubation with magnesium and ATP results in the inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase both in tumor and in liver. Presumably, this decrease in HMG-CoA reductase activity is due to the phosphorylation of the enzyme. Similarly, the preincubation of tumor and liver microsomes with phosphatase results in an increase in HMG-CoA reductase activity presumably by the dephosphorylation of the enzyme to its active form. The relationship between the altered activation state of HMG-CoA reductase in hepatomas and the reduction in the feedback regulation of this enzyme in liver tumors remains to be explored. PMID- 6605723 TI - Pig red blood cell hexokinase: regulatory characteristics and possible physiological role. AB - The regulatory properties of pig erythrocyte hexokinase III have been studied. Among mammalian erythrocyte hexokinases, the pig enzyme shows the highest affinity for glucose and a positive cooperative effect with nH = 1.5 at all the MgATP concentrations studied (for 0.5 to 5 mM). Glucose at high concentrations is also an inhibitor of hexokinase III. Similarly, the apparent affinity constant for MgATP is independent of glucose concentration. Uncomplexed ATP and Mg are both competitive inhibitors with respect to MgATP. Glucose 6-phosphate, known as a stronger inhibitor of all mammalian erythrocyte hexokinases, is a poor inhibitor for the pig enzyme (Ki = 120 microM). Furthermore, this inhibition is not relieved by orthophosphate as with other mammalian red blood cell hexokinases. A variety of red blood cell-phosphorylated compounds were tested and found to be inhibitors of pig hexokinase III. Of these, glucose 1,6-diphosphate and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate displayed inhibition constants in the range of their intracellular concentrations. In an attempt to investigate the role of hexokinase type III in pig erythrocytes some metabolic properties of this cell have been studied. The adult pig erythrocyte is able to utilize 0.27 mumol of glucose/h/ml red blood cells (RBC) compared with values of 0.56-2.85 mumol/h/ml RBC for the other mammalian species. This reduced capacity to metabolize glucose results from a relatively poor ability of the cell membrane to transport glucose. In fact, all the glycolytic enzymes were present and a low intracellular glucose concentration was measured (0.5 mM against a plasma level of 5 mM). Furthermore, transport and utilization were concentration-dependent processes. Inosine, proposed as the major energy substrate of the pig erythrocyte, at physiological concentrations is not as efficient as glucose in maintaining reduced glutathione levels under oxidative stress. Furthermore, newborn pig erythrocytes (fully permeable to glucose) possess hexokinase type II as the predominant glucose-phosphorylating activity. This fact and the information derived from the study of the regulatory characteristics of hexokinase III and from metabolic studies on intact pig erythrocytes permit the hypothesis that the presence of this peculiar hexokinase isozyme (type III) enables the adult pig erythrocyte to metabolize low but appreciable amounts of glucose. PMID- 6605724 TI - Primary amino acid sequence similarity between human epidermal growth factor urogastrone, human pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor, and members of porcine secretin family. AB - Sequence similarities are detected between human epidermal growth factor urogastrone, human pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor, and members of the secretin family of gastrointestinal hormones, particularly gastric inhibitory peptide. These similarities suggest a common evolutionary origin for these proteins and a possible functional relationship, as evidenced by the ability of human epidermal growth factor-urogastrone and human pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor to form a complex with protease and the ability of human epidermal growth factor-urogastrone and secretin family members to inhibit gastric acid secretion. PMID- 6605725 TI - Activation of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase isoenzymes: studies using specific antisera. AB - A novel method for rapidly determining the amount and degree of association dissociation of the Type I and Type II cAMP-dependent protein kinases has been developed and validated. Antibodies directed against the regulatory subunits of Type I and Type II cAMP-dependent protein kinases were used. The antibodies formed complexes with holoenzymes and regulatory subunits which were precipitated by goat anti-rabbit IgG (immunoglobulin G). These complexes bound [3H]cAMP with an apparent Kb of 20 nM for protein kinase I and 80 nM for protein kinase II. Immunoprecipitated protein kinases I and II were catalytically active when incubated with cAMP, [gamma-32P]ATP, and histone H2B. When mixtures of the two kinase isoenzymes or cytosol were incubated with various amounts of [3H]cAMP and the isoenzymes were separated by precipitation with antisera specific for each isoenzyme, the amount of [3H]cAMP associated with immunoprecipitates was proportional to the concentration of [3H]cAMP. In contrast, the catalytic activity that was immunoprecipitated varied inversely with the concentration of [3H]cAMP, showing that the activation of protein kinase could be assessed by the disappearance of catalytic activity from the immunoprecipitates. In the absence of MgATP protein kinase I was activated by a 10-fold lower concentration of cAMP than protein kinase II. However, when MgATP was added to the incubation, there was no significant difference in the binding of [3H]cAMP or dissociation of catalytic subunits of the two isoenzymes. The anti-R antibodies were also used to rapidly quantitate the concentration of regulatory subunits and the relative ratio of protein kinases I and II in tissue cytosols. PMID- 6605726 TI - Update on surgical management of coronary artery disease. PMID- 6605727 TI - [Structural histologic changes of aortocoronary venous grafts]. PMID- 6605730 TI - Physical, psychologic, social, and economic outcomes after cardiac valve surgery. AB - Eighty-nine patients receiving cardiac valve replacement or surgery consisting of valve replacement and coronary artery bypass grafts in four teaching hospitals were studied before surgery and again six months after surgery. More than 60 indicators of the quality of life were assessed. The majority of persons showed improvement in physical function, emotional states, and social activity. Of those with exertional angina or dyspnea before surgery, about two thirds were completely relieved at six months after surgery. There was a substantial reduction in number (from 31 to seven) of persons with five or more days of disability per month due to cardiac symptoms. The majority remained the same in their usual level of physical activity, most psychological traits, and attitudes and social support networks. Most previously employed persons returned to work. Improvements in the conditions of patients who had valve surgery closely paralleled those of patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass surgery in the same hospitals. PMID- 6605729 TI - The impact of coronary artery disease on carotid endarterectomy. AB - In a series of 531 CENDX, preoperative cardiac risk was categorized by clinical criteria. Patients with CAD (history of previous MI, angina, congestive heart failure, and/or electrocardiographic evidence of CAD were selected for more invasive studies based on clinical criteria. The overall incidence of postoperative myocardial infarction was 2.5% and increased slightly to 4% in patients with symptomatic cardiac disease. More importantly, the overall mortality was 0.9% and only 3 of 13 (23%) postoperative myocardial infarctions were fatal. Neurologic complications averaged 1.4% and approximately 70% were related to preceding cardiac events. Twenty-two patients or 4% of the entire series underwent carotid endarterectomy combined with coronary artery bypass graft and this approach was associated with one death and one stroke. Therefore, we conclude that a selective approach to coronary arteriography and subsequent CABG based on clinical criteria is associated with an acceptably low mortality and cardiac morbidity. PMID- 6605728 TI - Gastrointestinal complications of congenital immunodeficiency states. The surgeon's role. AB - Ninety-one congenitally immunodeficient patients treated from 1972 to 1981 were reviewed to assess the incidence and nature of gastrointestinal complications. Thirty-three of these patients (36%) developed 59 complications. Patients with immunodeficiencies characterized by neutrophil dysfunction--chronic granulomatous disease (20 patients) and cyclic neutropenia (eight patients)--developed 22 surgical infections, 22 of which required operation. In patients with neutrophil defects, postoperative morbidity was frequent and severe. Gastrointestinal symptoms were common in patients with isolated defects of B or T lymphocytes. Ten of forty-one patients with congenital hypogammaglobulinemia developed gastrointestinal complications, as did one of four patients with DiGeorge Syndrome, and the single patient with secretory IgA deficiency. However, operation was not required for these patients with isolated disorders of lymphocyte function. Patients with combined B and T cell disorders developed gastrointestinal disease, requiring operative therapy at intermediate rates. Gastrointestinal symptoms developed in four of nine patients with severe combined immunodeficiency and three of eight with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Operative therapy was required in two of these seven symptomatic patients. PMID- 6605731 TI - T and B lymphocytes in active psoriasis. PMID- 6605732 TI - Bland-White-Garland syndrome successfully managed by aorto-coronary bypass with saphenous vein graft. PMID- 6605733 TI - Social functioning of psychiatric patients in contrast with community cases in the general population. AB - Most cases in epidemiologic surveys of community populations have never been treated by mental health professionals. We studied how community cases and patients may be similar or different with respect to their social functioning in such areas as work, marriage, and parenting. There are grounds for two contrasting hypotheses: the universal hypothesis (disorder is accompanied by disability independently of treatment status) and the patient-specific hypothesis (disorder is accompanied by disability only for cases who become patients). We investigated these hypotheses using data from symptom scales and social functioning scales that are part of the Psychiatric Epidemiology Research interview. The sample consisted of 205 adults from the general population and 204 psychiatric patients from Jerusalem. The results provided some support for each hypothesis depending on the types of symptoms and functioning and disorder involved; however, the relationship between symptoms and social functioning in patients as well as cases from the community was weaker than had been supposed. PMID- 6605734 TI - The mosaic pattern of the inner surface of vertebrate retina. AB - Retinas of various vertebrates (bullfrog, crow, bull, pig and human) were treated with HCl and collagenase for removal of the basement membrane. The exposed basal surface of Muller cells was observed under a scanning electron microscope. In the nerve fiber layer, the Muller cells divide into small basal processes which extend towards the basal surface, where they terminate with a mosaic pattern. This pattern varies somewhat from species to species and from region to region of the retina. PMID- 6605735 TI - [Cross-reactions of certain human antinuclear antibodies with human IgG]. PMID- 6605737 TI - [Lymphocyte subpopulations in the cerebrospinal fluid: II. Technics]. AB - In order to achieve a low dispersion and a high reproductibility of results in the determination of cerebrospinal fluid lymphocyte subpopulations a more accurated methodology is described, and some variants of technique are registered. PMID- 6605736 TI - [Defects in production of, and response to interleukin 2 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6605738 TI - [Lymphocyte subpopulations in the cerebrospinal fluid: III. Normal values]. AB - For cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 50 subjects previously selected to represent suitably a normal control group and for a methodology that may be actually used for CSF samples even with normal cell count, it is possible to characterize lymphocyte subpopulations with normal statistical distribution and low dispersion of results for all lines considered. Data (mean +/- standard deviation) here estimated were (%): for B-lymphocyte subpopulation 7.0 +/- 1.44; for T lymphocyte subpopulation 76.0 +/- 2.92; for T-active lymphocytes 53.7 +/- 3.26; for T-avid lymphocytes 19.2 +/- 4.32 when all T subpopulation is considered, and 11.1 +/- 2.04 when only T-active subpopulation is studied; for T sensitized or actually activated 22.3 +/- 3.95. These data may suggest that lymphocytes actually related to immunological activation will be properly represented by the difference between T-lymphocytes and its T-active line in each case. In every samples T and T-active lymphocytes are different subpopulations when surface receptor density is considered, by evidence of avidity for sheep erythrocytes. It is also possible that killer lymphocytes, or antibody mediated cytotoxic cells, may be related to modified lymphoid cells identified in the CSF normal cytomorphological profile. PMID- 6605739 TI - The binding of human salivary alpha-amylase by oral strains of streptococcal bacteria. AB - The ability of various oral streptococci to bind salivary alpha-amylase to their cell surfaces was investigated. Samples of cells were mixed with whole cleared saliva and the alpha-amylase remaining after removal of the cells was assayed by radial diffusion in starch-containing agarose. Seventy-five per cent of Streptococcus sanguis strains bound the enzyme but strains of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus mitior did not. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of Strep. sanguis cells which had been mixed with saliva showed that alpha-amylase is bound to the surface of the cells and can be recovered from them intact. The ability of Strep. sanguis strains to bind the enzyme did not correlate with biotype, IPS production or ability to adhere to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite. The cell-surface receptor responsible for the binding of alpha amylase to Strep. sanguis (NCTC 7865) is a heat-stable component, possibly protein in nature, which is closely associated with the cell wall. PMID- 6605740 TI - The effect of cholera toxin and epidermal growth factor on the in-vitro growth of human oral epithelial cells. AB - Human epithelial cells isolated from adult gingival and infant palatal biopsies were cultured using 3T3 feeder cells. The colony-forming efficiency was about 0.8 per cent with cholera toxin and epidermal growth factor (EGF). The cell yield of cultures from infant palates depended on the concentration of cholera toxin and the presence of EGF in the culture medium; the culture lifetime and the number of cell generations were higher for oral epithelial cells originating from infants than from adults; the mean thickness of well-developed areas was 15 micron in control cultures and slightly smaller with cholera toxin and EGF. It is concluded that cultivation of epithelial cells from the human oral mucosa is easier with culture media containing cholera toxin and EGF. The same is true for cells originating from infants rather than from adults. PMID- 6605741 TI - Multiple choroidal osteomas developing in association with recurrent orbital inflammatory pseudotumor. AB - Multiple choroidal osteomas developed in a 10-year-old black girl during recurrent episodes of bilateral orbital inflammatory pseudotumor, mild endophthalmitis, and a transient period of mild secondary hyperparathyroidism. The preponderance of these tumors in girls and women suggests that sex hormones may play a role in their pathogenesis; in our case, inflammation also seems to have been an important factor. PMID- 6605742 TI - Immunomodulatory activity in regional lymph nodes. AB - This study is, to our knowledge, the first attempt to evaluate cellular immune mechanisms in regional lymph nodes of patients with head and neck cancer. Twenty lymph nodes from eight patients with stage III-IV squamous cell carcinoma were evaluated using an in vitro culture system. The T-cell mitogenic (concanavalin A) response of patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells was modulated by the addition of cells from regional lymph nodes removed at neck dissection. Modulatory activity showing augmentation was significantly correlated with the size of the primary tumor and histopathologic grade of the tumor. Modulatory activity did not correlate with the histologic pattern of lymph node reactivity. Although these relationships suggest that regional immunity may be important in tumor-host interactions, further study is necessary to establish their biologic and prognostic importance. PMID- 6605743 TI - Tracking down the cause of dizziness. A practice guide. PMID- 6605744 TI - Congenital anterior segment epithelialisation (case). AB - Posterior polymorphous endothelial dystrophy and iridocorneal endothelial syndrome share common specular microscopic findings, clinical course, and some histopathological features. Despite differences in inherited trait and severity of disease a common pathogenetic mechanism for the two diseases is suggested. This consists of congenital epithelialisation of the posterior corneal surface during embryogenesis with migration of these cells around the anterior segment uninhibited by surrounding normal endothelium. PMID- 6605745 TI - Plesiomonas shigelloides septic arthritis complicating rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A patient with severe seropositive rheumatoid arthritis and hepatic cirrhosis developed septic arthritis of his knees. Plesiomonas shigelloides was isolated from joint fluid, blood, and also from the gut. The patient's joint symptoms responded to treatment with oral trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, but he died of uncontrolled gastrointestinal bleeding five days later. PMID- 6605746 TI - Proximal aortic cross clamping during non-aortic surgery. AB - Temporary control of the aorta at the level of the diaphragm above the origins of the major visceral arteries is of proven value in the management of complex aortic disease including ruptured aneurysm, 're-do' aortic surgery and for aortic trauma. The value of the technique in elective non-aortic surgery is less well known. Two patients, one with a massive leiomyosarcoma of the stomach and the other with blood loss complicating a distal splenorenal shunt, are described in which proximal aortic control was of use. PMID- 6605747 TI - Selective binding of peanut lectin by T lineage lymphocytes in paraffin sections. AB - On sections of formalin fixed paraffin embedded lymph nodes, thymuses and spleens, binding of the lectin from peanut (Arachis hypogaea) was detected on some histiocytes, while the lymphoid cells were negative. After treatment of the sections with neuraminidase, sialic acid covered beta-D-galactosyl (1-3)-N-acetyl D-galactosamine residues were revealed in a more extensive number of histiocytic cells and on a sub-population of lymphoid cells with the typical distribution of T lineage lymphocytes. The technique here described allowing the identification of subclasses of lymphocytes on paraffin sections might provide new data for the study and the diagnosis of lymph node diseases. PMID- 6605748 TI - Chemical control of hyperfibrinolytic states by synthetic inhibitors of fibrinolytic enzymes. AB - The effects of two types of synthetic inhibitor of fibrinolytic enzymes (omega aminocarboxylic acids, benzamidine derivatives) on intravascular fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis were studied in rats. Generalised primary fibrinogenolysis was produced by infusion of human plasminogen-streptokinase complex, secondary fibrinolysis was induced by infusion of the thrombin-like enzyme batroxobin. The inhibitors exerted different effects on the hyperfibrinolytic states. The omega aminocarboxylic acids (PAMBA, AMCA) inhibited fibrinolysis more effective than fibrinogenolysis. In contrast, the benzamidines (APPA, NANP) were more potent inhibitors of fibrinogenolysis. Aprotinin examined for comparison behaved like the benzamidine derivatives. PMID- 6605749 TI - Impaired natural killer cell function in systemic lupus erythematosus. Relationship to interleukin-2 production. AB - Immune regulation requires clonal expansion of regulatory T cells which is dependent on the presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2). Previously, both natural killer (NK) cell function and IL-2 production were found to be depressed in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study was designed to determine the relationship between IL-2 production and NK cell activity in SLE. NK activity as determined by a standard 4-hour 51Cr-release assay was impaired in SLE (11.0 +/- 5.1 lytic units/10(7) cells) compared with controls (25.1 +/- 7.1 lytic units/10(7) cells) (P less than 0.05). IL-2 production was induced with concanavalin A and phorbol ester and quantitated using the IL-2 dependent cell line HT-2. IL-2 production was impaired in only 1 SLE patient, despite concomitant abnormalities in NK function in the SLE group as a whole. Moreover, in patients with impaired NK activity, incubation of lymphocytes with exogenous IL-2 did not restore NK activity to normal levels. These findings demonstrate that impaired NK activity in SLE is independent of IL-2 production and that defects in IL-2 production in SLE may not be as common as previously reported. PMID- 6605751 TI - Beclomethasone dipropionate inhalation treatment for chronic hoarseness in rheumatic disease. PMID- 6605750 TI - Phenotypic characterization of synovial tissue cells in situ in different types of synovitis. AB - Immunohistochemical double-staining was performed on frozen sections from synovial biopsies obtained at arthroscopy from 22 patients with different kinds of synovitis. Not only in specimens from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and seronegative chronic polyarthritis, but also in those from patients with synovitis due to psoriasis, trauma, or crystals, were seen many alpha Leu-1 positive T lymphocytes--in most cases predominantly of the alpha Leu-3a-positive T "helper" cell type--in close contact with HLA-DR-positive macrophages/dendritic cells. Presence of many HLA-DR-positive, often OKM1-negative, and irregular sublining cells characterized all forms of chronic arthritis. PMID- 6605752 TI - Seronegative rheumatoid arthritis and B7-CREG: disparate results. PMID- 6605753 TI - Comparative stability of first, second and third generation cephalosporins and N formimidoyl thienamycin against gram-negative beta-lactamases. AB - The susceptibility of cefamandole, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, moxalactam, and N formimidoyl thienamycin to different gram-negative beta-lactamases was determined by the UV-spectrophotometric method and two microbiological techniques in comparison with that of first generation cephalosporins. In general, the microbiological methods were more sensitive than the UV-assay. Cefamandole was rapidly hydrolyzed by all enzymes tested. The beta-lactamase stability of the other compounds was significantly higher, but clearly proved to be not absolute. With the aid of the "double-disc technique", the most sensitive of the methods used, cefotaxime was shown to be susceptible to all enzymes, whereas cefoxitin, moxalactam and N-formimidoyl thienamycin showed some susceptibility to 6, 3 and 7 enzymes, respectively. Moxalactam appeared to be the most stable of the compounds tested. PMID- 6605754 TI - Disruption of maternal behaviour in virgin and postparturient rats following sagittal plane knife cuts in the preoptic area-hypothalamus. AB - Parasagittal knife cuts along the medial preoptic area-medial anterior hypothalamus were placed at either the medial (near lateral or NL cuts) or lateral (far lateral or FL cuts) border o the medial forebrain bundle in separate groups of virgin (Experiment 1) and postparturient (Experiment 2) rats. FL cuts were placed so as to spare preoptic-hypothalamic efferent connections with the medial forebrain bundle. NL and FL knife cuts were equally effective in preventing the induction of maternal behaviour produced by repeated exposure of virgin rats to foster pups. Both types of cuts also reduced nest building in virgins. In postparturient rats, NL and FL cuts both abolished pup retrievaL and reduced nursing behaviour. However, only NL cuts disrupted lactation and nest building. NL cuts also produced chronic hyperthermia. The deficits in maternal behaviour and nest building may be independent of this hyperthermia, as shaving the fur in animals with NL cuts reduced body temperatures to control levels but did not restore these behaviours. These findings indicate that while preoptic/hypothalamic connections through the medial forebrain bundle are important for nest building and possibly lactation, other lateral connections must also be important for pup retrieval and nursing behaviour. The identity of these connections remains to be determined. PMID- 6605755 TI - [Sero-epidemiologic studies of acute hepatitis A in Umbria: behavior of IgM anti HAV antibodies]. AB - The diagnosis of acute Hepatitis A is made when antibodies anti-HAV, of the IgM class, are detected in the blood. The Authors have examined with RIA test (HAVAB M, Abbott) 298 samples of serum from patients with acute non B hepatitis, non drug abusers, also they had not received blood transfusions; as control they examined 41 sera from patients with hepatitis B, 29 sera from patients with non B hepatitis and drug addiction, 25 sera from patients with transfusional non B hepatitis and 37 sera from healthy persons. From the first group (298 patients) 47% were positive for anti-HAV antibodies IgM class; the greatest incidence of positivity (80%) was detected in the class age 0-10 years. In the control groups only in one serum positivity was evidenced and the patient was 22 years old, drug addicted with non B acute hepatitis and with previous episodes of acute hepatitis. PMID- 6605756 TI - Imbalance in T-cell subsets of five children with congenital agammaglobulinemia and its effect on "in vitro" immunoglobulin synthesis. AB - OKT3, OKT4 and OKT8 monoclonal antibodies have been used to assess the number of total T cells and of some T-cell subpopulations in five children with Congenital Agammaglobulinemia. A significant increase in OKT8+ cells and parallel decrease in OKT4+ cells were observed in all patients, both as percentages and absolute numbers. by contrast there was no significant difference in the number of total T cells (OKT3+) and OKT3+ OKT4- OKT8- cells between patients and controls. Determinations were made of the synthesis of IgG and IgM by normal B cells cultured with T lymphocytes from patients stimulated by pokeweed mitogen. In all cases a significant decrease in Ig synthesis was observed. These results may be consistent with imbalance in the T regulatory subsets. However, a similar imbalance was observed in a healthy father of one patient, who had no other immunological defect. A normal distribution of T-cell subsets was observed in all the other relatives examined. PMID- 6605757 TI - Complications of dental extractions in patients receiving warfarin anticoagulant therapy. A controlled clinical trial. PMID- 6605758 TI - Classical pathway activation during an adverse response to protamine sulphate. AB - A severe anaphylactoid reaction was observed following the i.v. administration of protamine sulphate in a 66-year-old male undergoing coronary artery catheterization. Serial measurements of complement factors (C3 and C4) and C3 split products (C3c and C3d) were performed by conventional electro-immunoassays and by double zone rocket immunoelectrophoresis. A parallel decrease in circulating C3 and C4 concentrations was seen for 1 h, reaching a nadir at 1.3 h. Markedly increased concentrations of C3c and C3d were observed in the first sample examined after exposure to the drug. C3c and C3d concentrations gradually declined to the normal range within 5.9 h and 21.8 h, respectively. These observations are discussed in relation to the mechanism of this adverse reaction. PMID- 6605759 TI - Bleeding oesophageal varices: a scheme of management. PMID- 6605760 TI - Modulation of tumour colony growth by irradiated accessory cells. AB - The ability of human tumour cells to form colonies in soft agar is enhanced by the presence of autologous phagocytic/adherent cells. We investigated the effect of irradiation on the ability of the adherent cells to support human tumour colony formation. Relatively low doses of irradiation significantly increased the growth enhancing ability of adherent cells in 17/19 cases. The possibility that the enhancement was mediated by inactivation of radiosensitive contaminating lymphocytes was explored. Depletion of T lymphocytes from unirradiated adherent cells by a monoclonal antibody and complement resulted in little overall change in tumour colony growth. However, elimination of only the suppressor subset (OKT8+) of T lymphocytes resulted in increased colony growth relative to control values obtained with unirradiated adherent cells. In contrast, depletion of T lymphocytes from irradiated adherent cells by a pan T monoclonal antibody and complement decreased colony formation. Thus, the ability of irradiated macrophages to enhance tumour colony growth appeared to be mediated by a T lymphocyte. The effect of irradiation on isolated populations of macrophages and T lymphocytes was also examined. The enhanced ability of irradiated adherent cells to support tumor colony growth appeared to have been due to treatment of T lymphocytes alone. The results indicate that both adherent macrophages and lymphocytes may influence the growth of clonogenic human tumour cells. PMID- 6605761 TI - HLA-A and B antigen frequencies and mesothelioma in relation to asbestos exposure. PMID- 6605762 TI - Invasive aspergillosis following post-influenzal pneumonia. AB - We describe a diabetic patient in whom fatal invasive aspergillosis complicated influenzal pneumonia. PMID- 6605763 TI - Visceral spreading depletion of thymus-dependent regions and amyloidosis in mice and hamsters infected intradermally with Leishmania isolated from Sudanese cutaneous leishmaniasis. AB - Eighteen outbred mice and 21 golden hamsters were each inoculated intradermally with 2 X 10(6) Leishmania amastigotes obtained from 1 case of Sudanese cutaneous leishmaniasis. The skin lesions, spleen, lymph nodes, liver and kidney were examined by light-, polarizing-, and electron microscope at 5, 9 and 18 weeks after inoculation. The aim of the investigations was to follow the development of the inflammatory reaction and the change of the morphology of the lymphoid organs during the infection. In all the mice and in the majority of the hamsters visceral leishmaniasis developed which was characterized by a "noncure" type of cellular reaction, a selective T-cell depletion in the lymph nodes and the spleen, and the development of a reactive, systemic amyloidosis. These findings point to the failure of the acquired resistance against Leishmania to develop. In some of the hamsters the response was of the "cure" type without the development of amyloidosis. At the site of the inoculation the lesions healed suggesting the positive role of necrosis and the elimination of the parasites through the ulcer in the healing process. Electron microscopy showed erythrophagocytosis in the spleen of the 2 mice examined presenting an experimental evidence of the destruction of the red blood cells, which is a common feature of human kala-azar. PMID- 6605764 TI - Endothelial cell loss in herpes zoster keratouveitis. AB - Fourteen patients were followed up with slit-lamp, noncontact, and wide-field specular microscopical examination for anterior segment changes during unilateral attacks of keratouveitis due to varicella zoster virus (VZV). Ten patients had severe keratouveitis. Their affected eyes presented nonreflecting endothelial changes in different phases of the disease. The first non-reflecting changes suggesting virus endothelitis were observed at the onset of keratouveitis. These changes later recurred for several months. When the corneal oedema had subsided, the mean endothelial cell density of the affected eyes was on average 15.3% lower (p less than 0.01) than in the healthy fellow eyes. During early uveitis transient high intraocular pressure (IOP) developed in 5 patients. Patients with severe disease and an episode of high IOP had a 20.2% lower cell count in the diseased than in the healthy fellow eye. During the follow-up interstitial keratitis developed in 2 cases and focal iris atrophy in another 2. Four patients presented with mild keratouveitis. The posterior cornea and endothelial cell density in this group remained unchanged. PMID- 6605765 TI - [Inhibition of DNA biosynthesis in sea urchin embryos by 2',3'-dideoxy-3' aminonucleosides]. AB - It was shown that 3'-deoxy-3'-aminothymidine and 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-aminoadenosine are effective inhibitors of DNA synthesis of sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) embryos during the early steps of development. The most probable mechanism of inhibition includes the blocking of the template-directed polycondensation, in which the inhibitors act as analogs of the substrates--thymidine and 2' deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphates. An efficient degradation of the newly synthesized DNA was observed during the inhibition. PMID- 6605766 TI - [Effect of x-ray irradiation on the physiological reactions of dermal melanophores in tadpoles of the common frog]. AB - The effect of X-ray irradiation (700 R) on the physiological reactions of the dermal melanophores in Rana temporaria L. tadpoles of 20-22d stages of development has been studied. It has been shown that the irradiation of the aggregated dermal melanophores does not change the physiological state. As compared these data with previous ones a conclusion of high selective susceptibility to the X-ray irradiation of the tadpoles' epidermal melanophores has been drawn. PMID- 6605768 TI - [Regeneration of hematopoiesis after local irradiation]. AB - During local irradiation of the hind limb, the depleted hemopoietic tissue develops lymphocytosis which is largely due to the accumulation of thymic lymphocytes. T cells produce no effect on proliferative activity of hemopoietic precursor cells capable of colony formation on the spleens of lethally irradiated recipients. At the same time they stimulate the proliferation of erythroid cells, thereby accelerating the regeneration of erythropoiesis. PMID- 6605767 TI - Serum concentrations of lipid bound sialic acid and acute phase proteins in patients with cancer and nonmalignant disease. AB - Levels of serum lipid bound sialic acid (LSA) were determined in lung cancer and the inflammatory reaction associated with pneumonia, rheumatoid arthritis and surgical wounding. The mean levels of serum LSA were raised in all these disorders and levels were closely correlated with serum alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) r = 0.9. Levels of AGP and LSA rose and fell in parallel following cholecystectomy. The major influence on the concentration of serum lipid bound sialic acid is the intensity of the response to inflammation. PMID- 6605769 TI - [Effect of colony-stimulating activity on hematopoiesis in the organ culture of mouse embryonal liver]. AB - The effect of the colony-stimulating activity (CSA) on hemopoiesis in a long-term culture (4.5 week) of mouse embryonal liver was studied. After addition of the spleen cell-conditioned medium containing CSA to the organ culture, there was a decrease in the number of CFUs and in the granulocyte and macrophage precursors. However, the production of granulocytes and macrophages in the test cultures either did not fall or increased with primary differentiation of neutrophils. Addition of the medium with CSA shifted the equilibrium in the culture towards more intense production of differentiated cells at a lower level of the maintenance of precursors. PMID- 6605770 TI - [Effect of motor function disorder on the properties of the muscle fiber membrane]. AB - Experiments on frogs with the use of the microelectrode techniques were made to study the effect of tenotomy and immobilization of a limb with a metal cast in the extension position on the properties of the membrane of muscle fibers. Two weeks after tenotomy there were no changes in the magnitude of the membrane rest potential, input resistance and time constant of the membrane of muscle fibers or in the pattern of its sensitivity to acetylcholine. Two and three weeks after the limb immobilization no changes in the membrane rest potential and passive electrical properties of the muscle membrane were recorded either. However, if the time elapsed after immobilization was 2 and 3 weeks, the zone of the sensitivity of muscle fibers to acetylcholine was slightly greater than in the control. It is suggested that the motor activity in the frog per se is not the determinant of the muscle fiber differentiation preset by the nervous system. PMID- 6605771 TI - [Study of the nature of increased weight of lymphocyte superhelical DNA during cell incubation in vitro]. AB - The nature of the increased sedimentation of superhelical DNA (sDNA) during incubation of both intact and irradiated thymocytes has been studied. The "weighting" of sDNA was not consequent on the changes in superhelical density. No quantitative or qualitative changes in the composition of proteins connected with sDNA in the course of its "weighting" were found either. It is assumed that sDNA "weighting" seen during incubation of the cells exposed to non-physiological factors (irradiation, hyperthermia, incubation in a poor medium) reflects the processes of chromatin condensation followed by the apoptic death of lymphoid cells. PMID- 6605772 TI - Identification of hemopoietic cells responsive to colony-stimulating factor by autoradiography. AB - Binding of radiolabeled L-cell colony-stimulating factor (CSF) was studied using murine bone marrow and fetal liver cells. With 10(7) cells, saturation of binding was seen with approximately 500,000 cpm of 125I-CSF. Minimal binding was detected after one hour incubation with tracer at 37 degrees C; however, marked cellular uptake of radioactivity was noted after 24-hr exposure to CSF. As judged by autoradiographs, small numbers of myeloblasts, promyelocytes, and large mononuclear cells were labeled with 1-hr exposure to tracer. By 6 hr of incubation, 50%-70% of myeloblasts and promyelocytes and small numbers of late granulocytic cells were labeled. Virtually all myeloblasts and promyelocytes and approximately 50% of myelocytes, metamyelocytes, polymorphonuclear granulocytes, and monocytes were labeled after 24-hr exposure to the radioiodinated CSF. Label was not detected on erythroblasts, eosinophils, or megakaryocytes. Suspensions of fetal liver cells had lower uptake of radioactivity than bone marrow cells. This appeared to result from a lesser concentration of granulocytic cells in fetal liver, as labeling of individual cells was similar with both tissues. In additional experiments, CSF binding to marrow cells was assessed after 30-min exposure to tracer at 0 degrees C. Uptake of 125I-CSF exceeded that observed after 24-hr incubation at 37 degrees C. With this technique, cellular label was also confined to granulocytic and monocytic cells. These findings suggest that purified CSF reacts with and may stimulate immature and mature cells of the granulocytic and monocytic lineages. PMID- 6605773 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to myeloid differentiation antigens: in vivo studies of three patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. AB - Three patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in relapse were treated with intravenous infusions of one or more purified murine monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) specific for differentiation antigens on normal and malignant myeloid cells. Three of the MoAbs used were IgM immunoglobulins that react with glycolipids, while the fourth, an IgG2b, reacts with a protein antigen. Peripheral blood leukemia cell counts decreased significantly, but transiently, during treatment. Evidence of in vivo binding of each MoAb to leukemia cells was obtained, although two of the four MoAbs could not be detected in the plasma following infusion, perhaps due to circulating blocking factors. Antigenic modulation was not encountered in these studies. However, the induction of human antibody to murine MoAb was observed in one patient who was treated over a 70-day period. Toxicities encountered were minimal and included fever (3 patients), back pain (1 patient), and arthralgias and myalgias (1 patient). This is the first reported clinical trial of (1) IgM MoAbs, (2) MoAb therapy in patients with AML, (3) combinations of MoAbs directed toward different myeloid differentiation antigens, and (4) MoAbs directed to glycolipids. The relative lack of toxicity and the positive effects of MoAb treatment in the reduction of leukemia cell counts permit the continued study of more innovative approaches to the treatment of AML with MoAbs. PMID- 6605775 TI - [Histiocytosis X]. PMID- 6605774 TI - [Proteins of bronchial secretions in mucoviscidosis. Role of infection]. AB - The protein composition of sputum collected by a protected method in 17 children with cystic fibrosis (CF) was analysed. The severity of the disease was assessed using the Shwachman score and the degree of bronchial superinfection was determined by a quantitative cyto-bacteriological study. The main proteins with antibacterial activity (IgA, IgG, IgM, lysozyme and lactoferrin) or reflecting the degree of bronchial inflammation (serumalbumin and alpha 1-antitrypsin) were determined by immunological methods. In the presence of severe superinfection (11 cases out of 17), the concentrations of antibacterial activity proteins are unchanged. On the other hand, the bronchial superinfection is accompanied by a marked local inflammation. In sputa, the increased concentrations of serum derived proteins are closely correlated to the severity of the disease. This study confirms the importance of bronchial inflammation in CF. PMID- 6605776 TI - Coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - Coronary artery surgery entirely relieves or very much reduces angina in over 90 per cent of patients and it can now be undertaken with a very low operative risk. Furthermore, it increases life expectancy for many angina sufferers. It has been shown to increase the probability of surviving for 5 years in those who have life threatening forms of coronary artery disease and as figures have become available for 10-year results they confirm that this improvement in prognosis is sustained in the second 5 years after surgery. The data now available indicate that the prognosis is improved by surgical treatment in all except those with only one vessel involved or with the less hazardous forms of two-vessel disease who have a good outlook however they are managed. At present it is thought appropriate to offer surgery to all those with angina that is severe enough to limit a reasonable life style and that adequate medical treatment has failed to control. At a relatively early stage in the assessment it is desirable to know the result of a formally conducted exercise ECG test and this together with the outcome of a trial of medical management decides whether or not coronary angiography should be performed. With this further information available it is possible to take into account the improvement in prognosis with surgical treatment in patients with the more dangerous forms of coronary artery disease. Depending on the severity of the angiographic appearance, perseverance with medical measures may be appropriate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6605777 TI - Psychopathology of a drug experience. PMID- 6605778 TI - Coughing and variceal bleeding. PMID- 6605780 TI - Recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin. PMID- 6605779 TI - Self-reported dark red bleeding as a marker comparable with occult blood testing in screening for large bowel neoplasms. AB - The study was designed to determine the prevalence of large bowel symptoms in an adult working population and to assess their value in screening for large bowel neoplasms. A symptom questionnaire was sent to workers in two large organizations and the results were compared with faecal occult blood testing in the same individuals using Haemoccult (Eaton Laboratories). Completed symptom questionnaires and Haemoccult test kits were returned by 916 out of a total of 1805 employees over the age of 40 (compliance 50.7 per cent). Twenty-eight (3.1 per cent) were Haemoccult positive and 114 (12.4 per cent) had one or more symptoms. All positives (129 persons) were examined by flexible sigmoidoscopy and barium enema. No cancer was found but 7 patients with adenomas greater than 10 mm diameter were discovered. Each of the 7 patients reported at least one symptom (dark red bleeding in 4, bright red bleeding in 2 and diarrhoea in 1) and 6 were Haemoccult positive. There was no individual with a Haemoccult positive adenoma without symptoms. Predictive values for adenomas over 10 mm for Haemoccult positive tests (21 per cent), self-reported dark bleeding (16 per cent) and diarrhoea (17 per cent), were significantly higher than for other symptoms. The predictive value rose significantly to 46 per cent for Haemoccult-positive patients who in addition had at least one symptom (P less than 0.05) and to 57 per cent for Haemoccult positive with dark bleeding. These combinations of Haemoccult- and symptom-positive results increased the specificity of 97.6 per cent for Haemoccult alone to values over 99 per cent without reducing sensitivity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6605781 TI - Cerebral glucose utilization, as measured with positron emission tomography in 21 resting healthy men between the ages of 21 and 83 years. AB - Positron emission tomography (PET) scanning with 18F-2-deoxy-D-glucose was employed to examine hemispheric and regional rates of cerebral glucose utilization in 21 resting healthy men between the ages of 21 and 83 years. The eyes of the subjects were covered and the external auditory canals were plugged with cotton in the 45 minutes following injection of tracer. Mean hemispheric cerebral metabolic rates for glucose (CMRglc) averaged 4.3 to 4.4 mg x 100 g-1 X min-1, and mean hemispheric grey matter glucose utilization, (CMRglc)grey, averaged 5.2 to 5.3 mg x 100 g-1 X min-1. Neither parameter was correlated significantly with age, nor were their right/left ratios correlated with age (P greater than 0.05). The mean ratios, furthermore, did not differ significantly from 1. Regional cerebral metabolic rates for glucose, rCMRglc, at each of 31 identified midline and bilateral structures also were not correlated significantly with age. Mean rCMRglc ranged from 2.6 mg X 100 g-1 X min-1 at the centrum semiovale to 6.2 mg . 100 g-1 X min-1 at the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe and precuneus of the parietal lobe. The results indicate that the cerebral metabolic rate for glucose is not correlated with age in healthy men. PMID- 6605782 TI - Effects of castration and adrenalectomy on in vitro rates of tryptophan hydroxylation and levels of serotonin in microdissected brain nuclei of adult male rats. AB - Rates of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) synthesis and levels of serotonin (5-HT) were measured in microdissected brain nuclei following castration or adrenalectomy of adult male rats. Fourteen days following gonadectomy, 5-HTP synthesis decreased in the nucleus raphe dorsalis (DR) and nucleus centralis superior (NCS), while levels of 5-HT were unchanged in the 7 brain nuclei examined. Administration of testosterone to castrated rats not only did not reverse the castration-induced decrease in 5-HTP synthesis in the DR and NCS, but also decreased 5-HT synthesis in the nucleus amygdaloideus centralis (AGC) and the nucleus septalis lateralis (LS). Following administration of testosterone, 5 HT levels were unchanged. 10 days following bilateral adrenalectomy, 5-HTP synthesis increased in the NCS and the median eminence. Levels of 5-HT increased only in the median eminence. The increased 5-HTP synthesis and 5-HT levels following adrenalectomy were not reversed by corticosterone administration. In addition, these selective changes in 5-HT metabolism did not result from hormonal effects on the availability of tryptophan to the brain. We conclude that there are subsets of serotonergic neurons in rat central nervous system which respond uniquely to removal of the gonads and adrenals. Furthermore, the dissociation between serum and brain tryptophan concentrations and changes in rates of 5-HTP synthesis argue against tryptophan availability as being a primary determinant of 5-HT biosynthesis and for a direct endocrine central nervous system interaction with serotonergic neurons. PMID- 6605783 TI - Purification of rat Schwann cells from cultures of peripheral nerve: an immunoselective method using surfaces coated with anti-immunoglobulin antibodies. AB - We report a method for deriving purified rat Schwann cells by immunoselective removal of fibroblasts. Contaminating fibroblasts labeled with antibody against specific surface marker Thy 1.1 are bound on plastic surfaces coated with a second antibody. The efficacy of the method is demonstrated by flow cytometry and by specific Schwann cell Ran-1 immunofluorescence. PMID- 6605784 TI - Role of K+ in GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)-evoked depolarization of peripheral nerve. AB - Isolated, desheathed sciatic nerves of the leopard frog or bull frog were used in studies to determine different sources/components of the depolarizing effect of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) on myelinated fibers. During the depolarization induced by 1 mM GABA--which was reflected by an increase of 38.3% (S.E. +/- 2.2) in the amplitude of the evoked half-maximal A-fiber compound action potential- the level of extracellular potassium ([K+]o) measured at depths less than or equal to 200 microns in the nerve with ion-selective microelectrodes, increased by 0.096 mM (S.E. +/- 0.007). Changes in excitability preceded K+]o, and there was a significant difference between their peak latencies. Artificially raised levels of [K+]o, similar to those induced by GABA, caused extremely small changes (less than 10%) in the size of the evoked action potential. From the magnitude and time course of the GABA-evoked augmentation of levels of [K+]o, it can be concluded that potassium ions probably arise indirectly and play a secondary role in what appears to be a mainly receptor-mediated depolarization of axons. A much greater sensitivity to GABA was found for fibers of the dorsal roots in comparison with those of the ventral roots (maximal changes in excitability of 50% and 6% respectively). This suggests that the depolarization of ventral root fibers could be caused by [K+]o accumulation, and that there may be a preferentially localized distribution of receptors for GABA on the sensory axons of peripheral nerve. PMID- 6605785 TI - Vipoxin both activates and antagonizes three types of acetylcholine response in Aplysia neurons. AB - The effects of vipoxin, a 13,000 Dalton protein component of Russell's viper venom on responses of voltage-clamped Aplysia neurons to acetylcholine (ACh) and monoamines has been studied. At low doses vipoxin reversibly antagonizes all 3 types of ionic response to ACh or carbachol, the order of susceptibility to blockade being Na+ greater than K+ greater than Cl-. High doses of vipoxin directly evoke the same ionic response on a given cell as that evoked by ACh. Responses to vipoxin are reversibly antagonized by cholinergic antagonists (e.g. hexamethonium, tetraethylammonium), but not by monoamine antagonists (e.g. bufotenine, ergometrine, cimetidine). In addition to activation of cholinergic responses, high doses of vipoxin also produce a reversible potentiation of responses to dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine on some cells. In contrast to its effects on Aplysia neurons, vipoxin has neither agonist nor antagonist actions at the frog neuromuscular junction. These results suggest that this venom protein acts as a partial agonist at molluscan ACh receptors and provides evidence for some phylogenetic difference between molluscan and vertebrate ACh receptors. PMID- 6605786 TI - Interaction between signals from vestibular and forelimb receptors in Purkinje cells of the frog vestibulocerebellum. AB - Activity from vestibulocerebellar Purkinje cells was recorded during roll oscillation (control) and roll oscillation accompanied by passive forelimb movement (test). Control stimulus evoked mossy and climbing fiber responses. In some units, the test evoked a smaller climbing fiber response. This suggests an error-signaling role for the climbing fibers since a larger response was evoked in the absence of appropriate compensatory limb movement. PMID- 6605787 TI - Corticotropin releasing factor produces increases in brain excitability and convulsive seizures in rats. AB - Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) is a 41-residue peptide, capable of stimulating the secretion of corticotropin (ACTH)-like and beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity from the adenohypophysis. Low doses of CRF (0.0015-0.15 nM) given intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) produced changes in electrographic activity suggestive of increased arousal. Higher doses of CRF (1.5-3.75 nM) induced, over a period of 3-7 h, electrographic and behavioral signs of seizure activity indistinguishable from those which occur following electrical 'kindling' of the amygdala. PMID- 6605788 TI - Stress induced analgesia in frogs: a naloxone insensitive system. AB - Repeated algesiometric testing of frogs with acetic acid can, under certain circumstances, lead to a pronounced elevation of their nociceptive threshold. Analgesia is reliably induced if algesiometric testing is begun shortly after the animals are placed in the testing cages, but not if the animals are allowed 3 days in which to recover from the stress of transfer and to acclimate to the test environment. Naloxone at doses up to 10 mg/kg neither blocks nor reverses this form of stress-induced analgesia. These data indicate that frogs, like some mammals, can use non-opiate mechanisms to modulate either their perception of or response to noxious stimuli. PMID- 6605789 TI - Delayed induction of the cell body response and enhancement of regeneration following a condition/test lesion of frog peripheral nerve at 15 degrees C. AB - Axons subjected to a prior injury exhibit an enhanced regenerative capability following a subsequent lesion. This phenomenon, known as the 'conditioning effect' has been demonstrated in both central and peripheral axons from a variety of species, but the locus of enhancement has remained in doubt. Several reports have tentatively concluded that the effect involves processes located in the cell body of the injured axon, while other investigators have implicated local processes at the site of the injury. The present experiments made use of a previous observation, the apparent suppression of the cell body response in injured frog neurons when the animals are housed at 15 degrees C, to investigate the location of the conditioning effect. The effect occurred in frog neurons from animals at 25 degrees C in the presence of a cell body response. The prior (conditioning) lesion produced a significant increase in regeneration rate (12 17%) and a significant decrease in the latency to the onset of regenerative outgrowth (12%). In contrast, regeneration was initially unaffected by the earlier conditioning lesion when the frogs were kept at 15 degrees C. After a 26 30 day interval, however, the rate of regeneration increased by 27%, coincident with the appearance of chromatolysis in the injured cell bodies. The 'conditioned' axons also continued to elongate, in contrast to singly-lesioned axons at 15 degrees C, and eventually reinnervated their target muscles. The cell body appeared to be the primary locus of the 'conditioning effect' in these experiments. This conclusion was further examined by measuring regenerative outgrowth in 15 degrees C neurons in which a cell body response had been induced prior to the test lesion. This was accomplished by maintaining frogs at 25 degrees C for 7 days after the conditioning lesion. The animals were then returned to the 15 degrees C environment for an additional 7 days before producing the test lesion. With this paradigm, regenerative outgrowth was enhanced without the 26-30 day delay interval. These results also suggest that the conditioning effect stimulates processes in the cell body of the injured axon, but the experiments do not indicate which processes were affected. PMID- 6605790 TI - Efferent projections from the lateral hypothalamus in the guinea pig: an autoradiographic study. AB - Autoradiography was employed to investigate the efferent projections from the lateral hypothalamus in the guinea pig. Lateral hypothalamic axons were traced along the medial forebrain bundle in both ascending and descending directions. Anteriorly, the label was traced along the medial forebrain bundle in both ascending and descending directions. Anteriorly, the label was traced to the lateral preoptic area, diagonal band of Broca, and septal nuclei. Posterior projections included the ventral tegmental area of Tsai, central gray matter and the reticular formation throughout the brain stem. Laterally, the lateral hypothalamic efferents were found in the stria terminalis, amygdala and globus pallidus. Dorsally, the lateral hypothalamic axons projected to the midline nuclei of the thalamus and bilaterally to the lateral habenular nuclei. Projections to the medial hypothalamus included a labeled fiber bundle to the internal layer of the median eminence and to the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Labeled fibers and diffuse label were also found in some areas contralateral to the injection site. PMID- 6605791 TI - [Stimulation of the cerebellum in epileptics]. PMID- 6605792 TI - Clinical characteristics and operative treatment of postburn stress ulcers. AB - Stress ulcers are one of the complications of severe burns. As there is often profuse bleeding into the alimentary tract, its early diagnosis and prompt treatment are of the utmost importance. From 1958 to 1980 we encountered 91 cases of postburn stress ulcers among whom 12 were treated operatively because of severe haemorrhage. PMID- 6605793 TI - The incidence and prevalence of intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual abuse of female children. AB - Data obtained from a random sample of 930 adult women in San Francisco provide the soundest basis heretofore available for estimating the prevalence of intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual abuse of female children. This article describes the methodology of this survey, as well as some of the key findings. For example: 16% of these women reported at least one experience of intrafamilial sexual abuse before the age of 18 years; 12% reported at least one such experience before the age of 14 years; 31% reported at least one experience of extrafamilial sexual abuse before the age of 18 years; and 20% reported at least one such experience before the age of 14 years. When both categories of sexual abuse are combined, 38% reported at least one experience before the age of 18 years; and 28% reported at least one such experience before the age of 14 years. Only 2% of the cases of intrafamilial and 6% of the cases of extrafamilial child sexual abuse were ever reported to the police. A plea is made for the urgent need to recognize the magnitude of the problem of child sexual abuse, and to act to prevent it. PMID- 6605794 TI - Sexual abuse of children in the United Kingdom. AB - Questionnaires were circulated to 1,599 family doctors, police surgeons, paediatricians, and child psychiatrists to determine the frequency and nature of child sexual abuse in the United Kingdom. At least three per 1,000 children are currently being recognized as sexually abused sometime during their childhood. The majority of cases reported involved actual or attempted intercourse, and 74% of the perpetrators were known to the child. Family disturbance was noted in 56% of the cases. The most common outcome (43%) was criminal prosecution of the perpetrator. Area Review Committees had no clear policy for the management of sexual abuse. Before it is possible to protect children and to develop therapeutic services for the family, it will be necessary to acknowledge that sexual abuse is part of the child abuse spectrum. PMID- 6605795 TI - Epidemiologic variations in childhood sexual abuse. AB - We retrospectively reviewed records of 566 children ranging from 6 months to 16 years of age who presented to a sexual assault crisis center. They represented 33.2% of all alleged sexual assault victims seen over a 36 month period. There were 103 males (18.2%) and 463 females (81.8%). Significant differences in presentation were demonstrated with respect to the victim's age, sex, and race, but the major factor influencing the variation is the victim/assailant relationship. Younger children were more likely than older children to present with histories of multiple assaults (p less than .0005), by known assailants (p less than .0005), occurring in the child's or assailant's home (p less than .001) and to report less violence (p less than .05). More risk of violence (p less than .0005) or evidence of trauma (p less than .0005) and less reporting of home assaults (p less than .0005) or multiple assault episodes (p less than .0005) were found in assaults by strangers when compared with non-stranger assaults. A lower frequency of reporting was found in females between 7 and 11 years of age. The dynamics of childhood sexual abuse are discussed in relationship to these findings. A number of victim and assailant related factors determine reporting patterns of childhood sexual abuse. PMID- 6605796 TI - The child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome. AB - Child victims of sexual abuse face secondary trauma in the crisis of discovery. Their attempts to reconcile their private experiences with the realities of the outer world are assaulted by the disbelief, blame and rejection they experience from adults. The normal coping behavior of the child contradicts the entrenched beliefs and expectations typically held by adults, stigmatizing the child with charges of lying, manipulating or imagining from parents, courts and clinicians. Such abandonment by the very adults most crucial to the child's protection and recovery drives the child deeper into self-blame, self-hate, alienation and revictimization. In contrast, the advocacy of an empathic clinician within a supportive treatment network can provide vital credibility and endorsement for the child. Evaluation of the responses of normal children to sexual assault provides clear evidence that societal definitions of "normal" victim behavior are inappropriate and procrustean, serving adults as mythic insulators against the child's pain. Within this climate of prejudice, the sequential survival options available to the victim further alienate the child from any hope of outside credibility or acceptance. Ironically, the child's inevitable choice of the "wrong" options reinforces and perpetuates the prejudicial myths. The most typical reactions of children are classified in this paper as the child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome. The syndrome is composed of five categories, of which two define basic childhood vulnerability and three are sequentially contingent on sexual assault: (1) secrecy, (2) helplessness, (3) entrapment and accommodation, (4) delayed, unconvincing disclosure, and (5) retraction. The accommodation syndrome is proposed as a simple and logical model for use by clinicians to improve understanding and acceptance of the child's position in the complex and controversial dynamics of sexual victimization. Application of the syndrome tends to challenge entrenched myths and prejudice, providing credibility and advocacy for the child within the home, the courts, and throughout the treatment process. The paper also provides discussion of the child's coping strategies as analogs for subsequent behavioral and psychological problems, including implications for specific modalities of treatment. PMID- 6605797 TI - Removing the child--prosecuting the offender in cases of sexual abuse: evidence from the national reporting system for child abuse and neglect. AB - Sexual abuse has come to public attention so rapidly and is such a difficult problem to deal with that many observers are concerned that the quality of child protective intervention in these cases has been haphazard and indiscriminate. This article analyzes data on all 6,096 cases of child sexual abuse which were "officially reported" in 1978 to see what kinds of intervention were made. The data show that foster placement occurred in more cases of sexual abuse than physical abuse, and was concentrated among cases of older children who reported their own victimization. Criminal action was taken almost five times more often in cases of sexual abuse than in cases of physical abuse, and occurred more often among cases which were directly reported to police and involved offenders with prior criminal records. Black families and poorer families did not seem to be the objects of obvious discrimination in the disposition of these cases. PMID- 6605798 TI - Non-cardiac surgery in patients with prior myocardial revascularization. AB - Patients who had undergone aorto-coronary bypass grafts (ACBG) were assessed for the incidence of cardiac complications in the postoperative period following subsequent non-cardiac surgery. One hundred and twenty-one patients had 13 complications (11 per cent). A significantly higher risk of cardiac complications (27 per cent) was found in patients undergoing non-cardiac procedures in the first month after ACBG. This remained higher (17 per cent) until the sixth month following ACBG. Significant factors which increased the risk of cardiac complications in the postoperative period included preoperative congestive heart failure (33 per cent), cardiac risk index score classification of III or IV (37 per cent), surgery on major vessels, and surgery necessitated because of a complication of the ACBG itself (17 per cent). No correlation was found between cardiac complication rates and recurrent angina, hypertension, the use of beta blockers or digoxin, or anaesthetic technique. It is suggested that all but emergency surgery should be postponed in the first month following ACBG, and elective surgery be delayed for up to six months. PMID- 6605799 TI - Correlation between lymphocyte-mediated auto-tumor reactivities and clinical course. I. Evaluation of 46 patients with sarcoma. AB - T-cell-enriched blood lymphocyte populations from 24 osteosarcoma and 22 soft tissue sarcoma patients were assayed at the time of surgery for proliferative response to, and/or cytotoxic potential against autologous tumor cells. Tumor free period and survival of the patients were correlated with the results obtained in the in vitro tests. The observation time was between 18 and 118 months (mean 62) for the osteosarcoma patients and between 18 and 72 (mean 42) for the patients with soft-tissue sarcoma. In both groups tumor-free period and survival were longer for those individuals who had auto-tumor reactivity. In the non-reactive group, all patients died within 3 years. Almost all patients had cytotoxicity against K562. PMID- 6605800 TI - Correlation between lymphocyte-mediated auto-tumor reactivities and the clinical course. II. Evaluation of 69 patients with lung carcinoma. AB - T-cell-enriched lymphocyte populations of 69 lung carcinoma (44 squamous cell, 23 adeno-, and two large cell carcinoma) patients were investigated at the time of surgery for proliferative response to, and/or cytotoxic potential against, freshly separated autologous tumor cells. Tumor-free period and survival time of the patients were correlated with the reactivity obtained in the in vitro tests. The observation time varied between 20 and 78 months (mean 52). Tumor-free period and survival time were longer and survival rate higher in the group with lymphocyte reactivity toward their tumors. In the non-reactive group, all patients but one died within 3 years. Almost all patients had cytotoxic lymphocytes against K562, the three who did not belonging to the category with short survival time. PMID- 6605801 TI - Functional consequence of variation in melanoma antigen expression. AB - Melanoma cells have been shown to express melanoma-associated antigens and, in many cases, the histocompatibility antigen, HLA-DR. We questioned whether the expression of these antigens was quantitatively altered during the serial passage of melanoma cells in culture. Therefore, we measured the binding of monoclonal antibodies specific for a melanoma-specific antigen and the HLA-DR antigen to melanoma cells from serial passages. Three cell lines were studied. We found that although both the melanoma-associated antigen and the HLA-DR antigen were qualitatively conserved, significant quantitative differences were seen. To study the functional consequences of these differences, we used fluorescence-activated cell sorting to create DR-enriched and DR-depleted populations from a single melanoma cell line heterogeneous for DR expression. We found that the proliferation of allogeneic T cells (measured by the 3H-TdR uptake) cultured with the DR-enriched and -depleted melanoma cell populations was directly related to the amount of the HLA-DR antigen expressed. These results indicate that in performance of experiments using melanoma cell lines quantitative assessment of antigenic expression is important, particularly if the function of a specific antigen is under examination. Further, our data clearly identify the HLA-DR antigen on melanoma cells as a participant in allogeneic lymphocyte stimulation. PMID- 6605802 TI - Transient changes in phospholipid methylation induced by dexamethasone in lymphoid cells. AB - We have investigated the effect of dexamethasone on phospholipid methylation by chronic lymphatic leukemia cells in culture. Methyl transfer from S adenosyl[methyl-3H]methionine into lipid fraction showed a sharp rise within 2 to 3 hr of dexamethasone treatment. After 6 hr of dexamethasone treatment, however, methylation decreased below the control levels and remained lower thereafter. Analysis of the lipid components indicated that the formation of phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine was not affected by dexamethasone. However, phosphatidylcholine synthesis by the transmethylation pathway showed an initial increase followed by a decrease. The results point to the possibility that this effect may have physiological significance in the lymphocytolytic effects of glucocorticoids. PMID- 6605803 TI - Immunohistochemical study with monoclonal antibodies on immune response in human lung cancers. AB - Fifty consecutively resected lungs in the National Cancer Center of Japan were studied immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies (B1, B2, Leu4, Leu3a, Leu2a, Leu7, OKT6, OKM1, OKI1, OKT9) with special reference to infiltrating lymphocytes and histiocytes. The histological types of these cases were: 14 squamous cell carcinomas; 23 adenocarcinomas; four adenosquamous carcinomas; three large cell carcinomas; one small cell carcinoma with areas of large cell component; one carcinoid; and four nonneoplastic focal lesions. A large number of lymphocytes and histiocytes was present in the tumor stroma, especially in papillary adenocarcinoma, in which close association between increased OKT6 positive T-zone histiocytes (Langerhans' cells and their precursors) and proliferation of Leu3a-positive helper-inducer T-lymphocytes was conspicuous. B1 positive primary follicles were occasionally associated with proliferation of Leu3a-positive T-lymphocytes. These features correlated to regional lymph node reaction. Leu7-positive natural killer cells were present sparsely, and there was no suggestion of any significant contact with either neoplastic cells or inflammatory cells. PMID- 6605804 TI - Adoptive transfer of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) in guinea pigs: requirement for Ia-positive antigen-presenting cells for in vitro activation of effector T cells. AB - Lymph node T cells from guinea pigs sensitized in vivo with guinea pig thyroglobulin (GPTG) could transfer experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) to normal syngeneic recipients after in vitro culture with GPTG or GPTG-pulsed peritoneal exudate cells (PEC). Although EAT effector T cells have been shown previously to be Ia negative at the time of transfer, the addition of specific anti-Ia serum to the cultures inhibited effector cell activation. The inhibitory effect of anti-Ia on effector-T-cell activation was shown to be due to inhibition of the function of antigen-presenting PEC rather than to an effect on the sensitized T cell. Moreover, only Ia-positive PEC could present antigen in this system and Ia matching between the PEC and the T cell was required for effective T-cell activation. GPTG-pulsed Strain 2 (EAT susceptible) and Strain 13 (EAT resistant) PEC could both present antigen to T cells from 2 X 13 F1 guinea pigs although Strain 2 PEC were more effective, suggesting that defective antigen presentation by macrophages may at least partially explain the relative resistance to EAT of Strain 13 guinea pigs. These results indicate that interaction between Ia-positive PEC and sensitized T cells in vitro is necessary for the development of active effector T cells that can transfer EAT. PMID- 6605805 TI - Supplement-induced cytotoxic cells (SICC) generated from mouse thymus or spleen cells cultured in the presence of interleukin 2 and/or polyinosinic acid. AB - Mouse thymocytes and spleen cells from unprimed C57BL/6 donors generate broadly reactive cytotoxic cells during 5 days of culture in vitro with polyinosinic acid (5') (poly(I] and/or supernatant from PMA-treated EL4 leukemia cells which contains interleukin 2 (IL-2) activity. We refer here to such cytotoxic cells as "supplement-induced cytotoxic cells" or SICC. Thymocytes are dependent on the supernatant factor(s), whereas spleen cells are usually stimulated by poly(I) alone. Polyinosinic acid acts synergistically with supernatant factor(s) to stimulate generation of SICC by both thymocytes (SICC-T) and spleen cells (SICC S) when the IL-2 activity of the supernatant is inadequate alone. SICC can be generated by both splenocytes and thymocytes in medium supplemented with fetal calf serum or syngeneic plasma. SICC are active in 4 hr 51Cr-release tests against syngeneic, allogeneic, and xenogeneic tumors but not against lipopolysaccharide-induced lymphoblasts. Embryonic fibroblasts, too, are sensitive to SICC generated by thymocytes. In complement-dependent depletion tests, cytotoxic activity is partially sensitive (SICC-T) or fully sensitive (SICC-S) to anti-Thy-1 and -H-2 but not to anti-Lyt-1, -Lyt-2, or -asialo GM1. PMID- 6605806 TI - The immune response of aged mice to influenza: diminished T-cell proliferation, interleukin 2 production and cytotoxicity. AB - In view of the fact that T lymphocytes play a key role in the recovery from viral infections, and that many immune functions involving T cells show a decline in aged individuals, we examined the ability of old mice to mount a T-cell response to influenza virus. Both primary and secondary cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses following in vivo immunization with influenza virus were minimal in old mice at the time point of peak response in young mice. Analysis of CTL activity generated in an in vitro microculture system revealed both a diminished proliferative response and a decrease in Interleukin 2 (IL-2) production in "old" compared to "young" cultures following stimulation with virus. Furthermore, addition of exogenous IL-2 at the initiation of the culture period augmented both subtype-specific and A-strain cross-reactive CTL activity of old spleen cells. Finally, exogenous IL-2 increased the lower proliferative response of the old cultures. These findings, if also true for elderly humans, might have broad clinical relevance to the problem of suitable prophylactic approaches to influenza infection in the elderly. PMID- 6605807 TI - Identification and characterization of a soluble suppressor factor(s) in the serum of AKR mice bearing lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Leukemia in AKR mice was found to be associated with the presence of a serum factor(s) termed AKR leukemic suppressor factor (AKR-LSF). Suppression was quantitated by measuring the inhibition of PHA-stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation by normal AKR spleen cells at various dilutions of leukemic mouse serum (LMS). AKR-LSF activity was expressed as units per milliliter, which is the reciprocal of the LMS dilution that inhibited [3H]thymidine uptake by 50% with respect to fetal calf serum control cultures. The amount of activity in the serum directly correlated to the rate of tumor cell growth. Mice receiving 10(7) BW5147 transplanted leukemia cells had 130 +/- 12 units of AKR-LSF activity/ml of serum compared to 40 +/- 8 units/ml for mice with spontaneous leukemia. Normal mouse serum contained 33 +/- 11 units/ml. The leukemic serum exhibited no strain specificity in either phytohemagglutinin or lipopolysaccharide assays, but was found to be twofold more inhibitory against mouse spleen cells than that against rat spleen cells. Human lymphocyte blastogenesis was not inhibited by the leukemic serum. LMS did not inhibit the growth of L929 fibroblasts or murine tumor cells in vitro. Further work is necessary to determine what role the suppressor factor may play in the regulation of antitumor cell immunity. PMID- 6605808 TI - [Significance of computer tomography in the diagnosis of tumors of the cerebellopontile angle]. PMID- 6605809 TI - [Stimulation of the caudate nucleus in the treatment of epilepsy]. PMID- 6605810 TI - [Histiocytosis X and its neurosurgical treatment]. PMID- 6605811 TI - [Focal cerebral ischemia. II. Reactivity of the vestibular apparatus in relation to the course of the disease and the extent of the ischemic lesion]. PMID- 6605812 TI - [Intrathecal administration of antifibrinolytics in subarachnoid hemorrhage]. PMID- 6605813 TI - Evaluation of multidisciplinary treatment of bladder cancer, especially in chemoimmunotherapy (ADM and OK-432) as a consolidation therapy. AB - The relapse rate of bladder cancer (transitional cell Ca) is said to be about 45% 80% even after tumor resection. Multidisciplinary treatment was designed and studied to prevent such recurrence. This treatment was designed to have three steps: induction, consolidation, and maintenance therapy. Following surgical tumor removal, OK-432 and Adriamycin (ADM) were administered as consolidation therapy, followed by administration of PSK and carboquone (CQ) in small amounts as maintenance therapy continuously for about 3 years, and the course was observed. In both consolidation and maintenance groups various non-specific immunoparameters were superior in groups receiving combined immunotherapeutic agents. Thus, the use of immunotherapeutic agents in combination with chemotherapeutic agents was considered to be effective. The 3-year recurrence rate was only 8% in the multidisciplinary treatment group, while that in the non multidisciplinary treatment group was 61%. This approach, especially with chemoimmunotherapy (ADM and OK-432) as a consolidation therapeutic mode, is therefore considered to be useful for the prevention of recurrence. PMID- 6605814 TI - Bladder instillation of adriamycin in the treatment of bladder cancer. AB - Intravesical Adriamycin instillation was used in 10 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder as postoperative prophylactic treatment against recurrence. The protocol for bladder instillation was 20 mg/10 ml of Adriamycin twice weekly for a total of eight doses. One patient developed recurrence in 3 months and three, in 6 months. The main local side-effects were frequency and dysuria which occurred in four cases. Leukopenia and increased SGOT and SGPT values each occurred in one case. No cases of cardiotoxicity, fibrosis, or atrophy of the bladder mucosa were found. Further studies are necessary to achieve the best possible results. PMID- 6605815 TI - Improved survival and reticuloendothelial function with intravenous ATP-MgCl2 following hemorrhagic shock. AB - There is controversy concerning the efficacy of ATP-MgCl2 in improving survival following hemorrhagic shock. To resolve this issue, the effect of ATP-MgCl2 infusion on survival following shock was reinvestigated. Rats were bled to and maintained at a mean arterial blood pressure of 40 mmHg for 90 min. Following reinfusion of the remaining shed blood, the animals were treated with ATP-MgCl2 (25 mumoles each) or saline. Survival was measured in one group of animals, and in another group of animals reticuloendothelial (RE) function was determined with 131I gelatinized test lipid emulsion in search of the mechanism of the beneficial effect of ATP-MgCl2 following hemorrhagic shock. The results indicate that survival was significantly improved if the animals were treated with ATP-MgCl2 following hemorrhagic shock. In addition, RE function, which was markedly depressed following hemorrhagic shock, was significantly improved by ATP-MgCl2 treatment, indicating that the beneficial effect of ATP-MgCl2 for hemorrhagic shock could be through the improvement of RE function. PMID- 6605816 TI - The search for host determinants of susceptibility to rheumatic fever: the missing link. T. Duckett Jones Memorial Lecture. PMID- 6605817 TI - Alterations in regional myocardial metabolism, perfusion, and wall motion in Duchenne muscular dystrophy studied by radionuclide imaging. AB - Studies at necropsy have shown that the cardiomyopathy of Duchenne muscular dystrophy selects the posterobasal and contiguous lateral left ventricular (LV) walls as initial and primary sites of myocardial dystrophy in the absence of small-vessel coronary artery disease in these areas. The present investigation was designed chiefly to determine whether a myocardial metabolic abnormality could be identified in these same areas during a patient's life. Positron emission computed tomography was used to study regional LV metabolism with 18F 2 fluorodeoxyglucose, and metabolism and/or perfusion was studied with 13NH3. In addition, all subjects had the following performed: thallium-201 scans, technetium-99m multiple-gated equilibrium blood pool imaging, electrocardiograms, vectorcardiograms, and M mode and two-dimensional echocardiograms. 18F 2 fluorodeoxyglucose activity was selectively increased in the posterobasal and posterolateral walls of the left ventricle in 11 of 12 patients with technically adequate images, indicating accelerated regional exogenous glucose utilization. 13NH3 activity was selectively decreased in the same areas in 13 of 15 patients, indicating either a regional metabolic alteration in uptake and trapping, a reduction in regional blood flow, or both. These data identify a myocardial metabolic abnormality concentrated in specific segments of the LV free wall in living patients with Duchenne dystrophy. PMID- 6605818 TI - Absorbance nephelometry of immune complexes by reaction with anti-IgG after treatment with polyethylene glycol. AB - We describe absorbance nephelometry of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in immune complexes (IC) with use of anti-IgG after precipitating the IgG from serum by three treatments with polyethylene glycol, 25 g/L final concentration. The three-step procedure removed all of the monomeric IgG, eliminating interference with the IC assay. Analytical recovery of IC was nearly 100%. Both the standard curve and results for control sera showed good day-to-day reproducibility, with CVs of less than 8%. Eighteen of 20 patients with diseases involving IC showed distinctly increased concentrations of IC; no increases were seen in 15 normal persons. Measurement of IC in 44 samples by this assay and a C1q assay gave a Spearman rank correlation coefficient of 0.76. The assay appears suited to routine use with manual double-beam spectrophotometers and stable nephelometers. The procedure is inexpensive, straightforward, and easy to perform. PMID- 6605819 TI - Absorbance nephelometry of C1q-precipitable immune complexes: method comparisons and clinical correlations. AB - Using a double-beam spectrophotometer, we investigated the clinical utility of a nephelometric method for assaying immune complexes. The complexes were concentrated from serum by precipitation with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and assayed by reaction with C1q. Testing of more than 100 sera showed a Spearman's rank correlation (p) between the present assay and the C1q-binding assay of 0.57, and 0.39 between the Raji cell assay and the present assay. Clinical sensitivity of the methods was not statistically different (p less than or equal to 0.5). Twenty-four of 30 patients with symptoms of disease showed increased concentrations of immune complexes by the present assay; only one of 38 normal individuals showed an increase. In a longitudinal study, we found that the concentrations of immune complexes paralleled clinical changes, indicating good clinical utility. The use of this assay with single-beam analyzers is limited because of the poor aqueous solubility of the PEG precipitate. Ongoing investigations designed to circumvent this problem are described. PMID- 6605820 TI - Cutaneous T-cell immunoblastic sarcoma. PMID- 6605821 TI - Histiocytosis X in a 27-year-old woman. PMID- 6605822 TI - Commentary and update: cutaneous sensitivity to monoglyceryl para-aminobenzoate. PMID- 6605823 TI - [Case of salt-losing congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency and a short stature caused by early closure of epiphyseal lines in spite of steroid replacement therapy]. PMID- 6605824 TI - T-cell subpopulations in blood and cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients: effect of cyclophosphamide. AB - Monoclonal antibodies to various lymphocyte surface antigens were used for characterization of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood (PB) cells of patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) and of patients with other neurological diseases (OND). The effect of cyclophosphamide on these T lymphocyte subpopulations in both compartments was studied. In the CSF of all patients 90 +/- 9% of the cells were T lymphocytes. T-helper/inducer (Th) lymphocytes comprised 70 +/- 9% and T-suppressor/cytotoxic (Ts) lymphocytes 31 +/ 10%. No significant differences in the percentages of T-lymphocyte subpopulations in CSF were observed between MS patients and patients with OND. The results obtained with monoclonal antibodies to Ia antigens suggested the presence of activated T cells in CSF of MS as well as OND patients. The mononuclear cell population isolated from PB of all patients contained 64 +/- 13% T lymphocytes, 44 +/- 11% Th cells, and 21 +/- 7% Ts cells. No significant difference in the ratio Th/Ts cells was observed between CSF and PB. The mononuclear cells isolated from the PB of untreated chronic progressive MS patients contained lower percentages of Ts cells (17 +/- 5%) and increased ratios of Th/Ts cells (3.1 +/- 1.6) compared to neurological controls (23 +/- 8% and 1.9 +/- 0.7) and healthy persons (23 +/- 6% and 1.9 +/- 0.5). In both PB and CSF, compared to untreated patients, cyclophosphamide-treated MS patients showed lower percentages of Th lymphocytes, whereas Ts-cell percentages were higher, leading to a normal ratio of Th/Ts cells in both compartments. The percentage of total T lymphocytes in PB was reduced by this treatment. PMID- 6605825 TI - The role of E receptors in the attachment of thymocytes and T lymphocytes to human target cells. AB - Human thymocytes, activated T lymphocytes, and neuraminidase-treated T cells possess the distinct capacity of forming conjugates with various human cell lines. The present study investigated whether E receptors, which endow human T cells with their capacity to bind sheep red blood cells (SRBC), are involved in this phenomenon. Monoclonal antibodies to human T cells and various simple sugars were studied for their effect on the attachment of human T cells to target cells. A-22, a monoclonal antibody to the E receptor, inhibited the formation of E rosettes by T cells and SRBC, and reacted in immunofluorescent-staining assays with the majority of human thymocytes and peripheral T cells, and with T-cell lines capable of forming E rosettes. When human thymus cells were treated with A 22 antibody they showed a reduction of up to 70% in their capacity to attach to the GM-4762 lymphoblast cell line and the K-562 myeloid line. Antibody treatment of the target cells, rather than of the thymus cells, had no effect on the formation of conjugates between thymus cells and target cells. Treatment of thymus cells with various monoclonal antibodies to T cells which do not react with the E receptor had no inhibitory effect. The exposure of human thymus cells to various simple sugars (D-mannose, D-fucose, galactose, and lactose) markedly reduced their capacity of forming conjugates with target cells. Exposure of neuraminidase-treated peripheral blood lymphocytes and of activated T cells to A 22 antibody inhibited their attachment to human target cells. The present study suggests that E receptors play a role in the attachment of human thymus cells and activated T cells to other human cells, and raises the possibility that these T cell receptors may be involved in the process of recognition of "self" structures by human T lymphocytes. PMID- 6605826 TI - Increased susceptibility of fibroblasts from horses with severe combined immunodeficiency to growth inhibition by 2'-deoxyadenosine. AB - The effect of adenosine, deoxyadenosine, guanosine, and deoxyguanosine on the growth rate of fibroblasts derived from normal horses, horses heterozygous for the severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) trait (heterozygotes), and horses with SCID was studied. All four purines were found to inhibit growth in a dose dependent manner, but only adenosine and deoxyadenosine were inhibitory at concentrations of less than 100 microM. No statistical difference in sensitivity to adenosine was detected between normal and SCID fibroblasts. Fibroblasts from SCID horses were, however, more sensitive to the growth inhibitory effects of deoxyadenosine than were fibroblasts from normal horses. Furthermore, following 24 hr of incubation with radiolabeled deoxyadenosine, radiolabeled deoxyATP concentrations were found to be twofold higher in SCID fibroblasts compared to those concentrations measured in normal fibroblasts cultured under identical conditions. Adenosine deaminase and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase activities were normal in SCID fibroblasts. These findings suggest that SCID horses may have a defect in either transport or phosphorylation of deoxyadenosine, or in the utilization of deoxyATP. PMID- 6605827 TI - Excessive numbers and activity of peripheral blood B cells in infants with Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia. AB - The peripheral blood lymphocytes of seven infants who had lower respiratory infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (chlamydial pneumonia) were studied for abnormalities that may be related to the hyperimmunoglobulinemia characteristic of this infection. Both proportions and numbers of B cells and plasma cells were strikingly elevated in these infants, as indicted by the percentage of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) that reacted with fluorochrome-labeled antibodies to human immunoglobulins. Cells expressing IgM and IgD on their surface, and cells possessing IgM and IgG in their cytoplasm were especially increased above levels found in normal adults, infants, and a group of infants with other infections. Cells from infected infants secreted exceptionally large amounts of IgM, IgG, and IgA when cultured in the absence of added mitogens. These data suggest that chlamydial pneumonia induces substantial B-cell activation during a period of development when antibody responses are normally difficult to stimulate. PMID- 6605828 TI - Immune response in experimentally induced uremia. VI. Uremic macrophages are defective in their ability to present antigen to T cells. AB - The ability of uremic lymphocytes to respond to antigens was examined. We have found that (1) The ability of uremic unfractionated lymph node cells to respond to antigens is severely diminished when compared to the response of control cells; (2) Uremic macrophages are defective in their ability to present antigen to T cells; (3) Treatment of control splenic macrophages with monoclonal anti-Ia antibodies diminishes these macrophages' ability to present antigen, while uremic macrophages so treated show little change in their already diminished accessory cell function; and (4) The uremic splenic macrophage population has more small cells and less Ia determinants per cell than do control splenic macrophages as determined by cytofluorographic analysis. The percentage of Ia+ splenic macrophages is similar in control and uremic rats. It appears that the diminished response of uremic cells to antigens is due to the inability of uremic macrophages to present antigen to T cells. This may play a role in the increased rate of infections seen in uremic patients. PMID- 6605830 TI - The radionuclide detection of lower gastrointestinal bleeding sites. AB - A retrospective review of two years' experience with radionuclide screening to detect lower gastrointestinal bleeding sites was conducted at New York's Montefiore Medical Center. Of 82 studies performed in 63 patients, 13 identified active bleeding sites. Only three of eight angiograms obtained in these 13 patients were positive. Thirteen contrast angiograms were performed in the group of 50 patients with negative radionuclide studies of which ten were negative and one was equivocal. The results of this study suggest that the Tc-99m sulfur colloid study for active lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is an effective screening procedure. Positive studies help determine which vessel to catheterize selectively if an angiogram is to be performed. If vascular ectasis is still suspected following a negative radionuclide study, contrast angiography can be more efficaciously performed on a nonemergent basis. PMID- 6605829 TI - Spontaneous production of interleukin-1 by human alveolar macrophages. AB - A culture system was developed in which human peripheral blood mononuclear cells depleted of monocytes did not proliferate in response to the lectin mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The response of these cells to PHA was reconstituted with both autologous and heterologous alveolar macrophages. In addition, a partial restoration of PHA responsiveness was seen when the monocyte-depleted cells (MDC) were cultured with supernatants from purified alveolar macrophages, indicating the presence of Interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity in these supernatants. This is the first evidence suggesting the production of IL-1 by tissue macrophages from normal human subjects. In contrast to previous studies of IL-1 production by blood macrophages, it was found to be unnecessary to stimulate the alveolar macrophages in vitro to generate soluble factor activity. It was also found that alveolar macrophages produced active supernatants after only 2 hr in culture, whereas previous studies have indicated that blood monocytes must be cultured for at least 24 hr before active supernatants are produced. These differences may provide evidence that macrophages within the alveolar spaces are in an activated state. PMID- 6605831 TI - Serendipity in scintigraphic gastrointestinal bleeding studies. AB - A retrospective review of 80 scintigraphic bleeding studies performed with Tc-99m sulfur colloid or Tc-99m labeled red blood cells showed five cases where there were abnormal findings not related to bleeding. In some cases, the abnormalities were initially confused with bleeding or could obscure an area of bleeding, while in other cases, the abnormalities represented additional clinical information. These included bone marrow replacement related to tumor and radiation therapy, hyperemia related to a uterine leiomyoma and a diverticular abscess, and a dilated abdominal aorta (aneurysm). Recognition of such abnormalities should prevent an erroneous diagnosis and the additional information may be of clinical value. PMID- 6605832 TI - [Prevention and treatment of gastro-duodenal hemorrhagic complications in patients with neurologic lesions]. PMID- 6605833 TI - Comparative and age-dependent aspects of crystallin size and distribution in human, rabbit, bovine, rat, chicken, duck, frog and dogfish lenses. AB - Lens extracts obtained from eight vertebrate species were analyzed using high performance gel permeation chromatography with differential refractive index and low-angle laser light scattering detection. The elution patterns enabled the direct determination of the proportions of the crystallin classes as well as the molecular weights of the numerous size fractions in a more rapid and accurate way than previously. Concerning the mammalian species, also age-dependent aspects could be assessed by comparing the data obtained from the extracts of differently aged lenses and/or lens parts. PMID- 6605834 TI - Superoxide dismutase provides protection against the hyperoxia in the retina of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). AB - A modified hydroxylamine oxidation assay method coupled with a parallel line analysis to detect endogenous interfering substances, was used to determine superoxide dismutase (SOD). Retinal SOD activities in trout, frog and rat were compared. SOD activity in liver and brain tissues was also determined. Based on estimates of superoxide anion production there appears to be excess SOD protection in the rainbow trout retina, which could, at least in part, account for its resistance to oxygen toxicity. PMID- 6605835 TI - Bile pigments and bilirubin UDP-glucuronyl transferase during the metamorphosis of Rana catesbeiana tadpoles. AB - The major bile pigments in Rana catesbeiana tadpoles was bilirubin IX alpha. The concentration of bilirubin IX alpha increases in bile and plasma during metamorphosis. Bilirubin IX alpha and biliverdin IX alpha were also present in the bile of tadpoles. Bilirubin UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity was present in the livers of all tadpoles examined. Bilirubin UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity increases slightly during spontaneous metamorphosis and increases approximately 2-fold during T3-induced metamorphosis. PMID- 6605836 TI - Peripheral and axial measurements of trabecular bone density in patients suspected of idiopathic vertebral osteoporosis. AB - In 18 patients with idiopathic crush fracture syndrome, iliac trabecular bone volume measured in 8 mm trephine biopsies correlated well with trabecular bone density as estimated in low thoracic or high lumbar vertebrae by computed tomography (CT). The CT of trabecular bone in the radius correlated poorly with the other two measurements, but it discriminated fairly well between patients and age-matched controls. These results suggest that abnormally low trabecular bone density values in the radius may be useful in predicting some patients at risk for crush fractures, but ranking patients in order of severity of axial bone loss after they have acquired a fracture requires measurements on the spine or iliac crest. PMID- 6605837 TI - Are you listening? Upper gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6605839 TI - PiM subtypes in healthy subjects and COPD patients and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. PMID- 6605838 TI - Lupus pleuritis. Clinical features and pleural fluid characteristics with special reference to pleural fluid antinuclear antibodies. AB - Eighteen patients with lupus erythematosus (LE) and pleural effusions were evaluated. Fourteen patients had lupus pleuritis and four had pleural effusions of other etiologies. All patients were symptomatic, and the presenting signs and symptoms did not help distinguish between lupus pleuritis and pleural effusions of other causes. The presence of LE cells confirmed the diagnosis of lupus pleuritis in seven of eight patients. In 11 of 13 patients with lupus pleuritis, the pleural fluid antinuclear antibody (ANA) titer was greater than or equal to 1:160, and in nine of 13 patients with lupus pleuritis, the pleural fluid to serum (PF/S) ANA ratio was greater than or equal to 1. In the four patients with LE and a pleural effusion of another etiology, the pleural fluid ANA titer was negative in two and low titer in two (1:40, 1:80); the pleural fluid to serum ANA titer was always less than one. Of 67 patients with pleural effusions of other etiologies, the pleural fluid ANA was negative. The signs and symptoms of lupus pleuritis are nonspecific, however; the findings of LE cells in pleural fluid confirms the diagnosis and a high pleural fluid ANA titer (greater than or equal to 1:160) and a PF/S ANA ratio of greater than or equal to 1 strongly supports the diagnosis. PMID- 6605840 TI - [Method of functional treatment of acute injuries of the ligaments of the knee joint]. PMID- 6605841 TI - [Evaluation of portasystemic shunt]. PMID- 6605843 TI - [Epimorphic regulation phenomena in the formation of axial structures in amphibians]. PMID- 6605842 TI - What are hemorrhoids and what is their relationship to the portal venous system? AB - New concepts of the pathophysiology of hemorrhoids have been defined during the past eight or more years, yet medical education at the undergraduate and graduate levels has not kept pace with the newer concepts. The traditional concepts are being perpetuated in all medical dictionaries and in most textbooks of surgery, medicine, anatomy, and pathology. Hemorrhoids are not varicosities, but rather are vascular cushions composed of arterioles, venules, and arteriolar-venular communications which slide down, become congested and enlarged, and bleed. The pathogenesis begins in the fibromuscular supporting layer in the submucosa, above the vascular cushions. The bright red bleeding, which accompanies hemorrhoidal disease, is arteriolar in origin. Portal hypertension has been shown not to be the cause of hemorrhoids. The use of rubber bands, sclerosing solutions, cryosurgery, or the infra-red beam in the early stages of hemorrhoidal disease can take care of prolapse and bleeding and can prevent the development of third and fourth degree hemorrhoids. PMID- 6605844 TI - [Chemotherapy of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas with arotinoid]. AB - Five patients with T-cell lymphoma of the skin (mycosis fungoides; Sezary syndrome) were given parenterally arotinoid ethyl ester (Ro 13-6298) at a daily dose of 0.5-4.0 micrograms/kg body weight, to a total dose of 20 mg over maximally 31 weeks. In three patients, among them one with tumourous mycosis fungoides, there was complete regression of the cutaneous lesions. In another patient the cutaneous changes, some of them with ulceration, regressed so that there were only residual infiltrates. In the case of the Sezary syndrome there was no response. Most important side-effects of treatment were cheilitis, moist and sticky skin, paronychia and dry mucosae. The most serious side-effect was pain in muscles, joints and bones. There were no significant changes in biochemical values during the treatment. PMID- 6605845 TI - [Death rate on a heart surgery waiting list]. AB - Of 2398 patients on a waiting list for aorto-coronary bypass operation 42 (1.8%) died before operation during an average waiting time of four months. Comparing the diagnostic data of those who died on the waiting list and those after operation, there was an increased frequency of indicators to further progression of the coronary heart disease (angina at rest, three-vessel disease, main stem stenosis, left ventricular contraction abnormalities) in the group of those patients who had died on the waiting list. The significance of these various indicators was further high-lighted in their prognostic significance when taking into account different waiting periods of the various sub-groups. PMID- 6605846 TI - Orbital abscess secondary to ethmoidal sinusitis. PMID- 6605847 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin phenotypes, serum immunoglobulins and circulating bacterial antibodies in Nigerians with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PMID- 6605848 TI - Changes in cytosolic androgen receptor after administration of testosterone of androgen-dependent mouse mammary tumor (Shionogi carcinoma) and its sublines of altered androgen dependency. AB - The effect of testosterone treatment on the cytosolic androgen receptor in an androgen-dependent tumor (Shionogi Carcinoma 115, SC 115) and its sublines of altered hormone-dependency (CS 1, less androgen-dependent, and CS 2, androgen independent) was examined. In all tumors examined a single, high-affinity binding to 3H-R 1881 was detected in cytosols. The size of the maximum binding sites was in the order SC 115, CS 1 and CS 2. Inhibition experiments revealed that the binding to 3H-R 1881 in cytosols of these tumors was attributable to the androgen receptor. The amount of the androgen receptor in cytosols was decreased at 1 hr after testosterone injection, then replenished gradually towards the pretreatment level. Depletion of the androgen receptor was dependent on the dose of testosterone administered. Multiple injections of testosterone depressed the replenishment of the receptor. Treatment with actinomycin D or cycloheximide did not alter the dynamics of the androgen receptor. Therefore, it was concluded that the depletion and replenishment of the androgen receptor in cytosols of the tumors were caused by receptor recycling. Because a similar pattern of depletion and replenishment of the androgen receptor was also observed in the less androgen dependent tumors, the growth of tumors was felt to be unrelated to the receptor dynamics. PMID- 6605849 TI - Thymus differentiation and T-cell specificity in nu/nu +/+ mouse aggregation chimaeras. AB - Thymus development and T cell differentiation were studied in mouse chimaeras produced by aggregating pre-implantation embryos of thymus-deficient nude BALB/c (nu/nu) and wild-type C57BL/6 (+/+) mice and vice versa. Chimaeras showed mosaic distribution of skin and coat pigmentation, of hair follicles, of glucosephosphate isomerase within all tested organs and of lymphocytes expressing the different major transplantation antigens (H-2). When tested for their capacity to generate vaccinia virus-specific and self-H-2 specific cytotoxic T cells, all chimaeras of BALB/c (nu/nu) H-2d in equilibrium C57BL/6 (+/+) H-2b type generated T cells of one or both parental origins that were specific for virus and for self-H-2 of the +/+ (H-2b) type only. In contrast, some BALB/c (+/+) H-2d in equilibrium C57BL/6 (nu/nu) H-2b chimaeras generated vaccinia virus specific cytotoxic T cells specific for either H-2d (+/+) type or for H-2b (nu/nu) type. These asymmetrical results can be interpreted to indicate the following: (i) The +/+ thymus part alone is functional, but because of asymmetrical cross-reactivities of anti-self-H-2 specificities, the observed T cell restriction phenotypes differ. (ii) Both nu/nu and +/+ thymus parts are functional but immune response defects may be exaggerated in such chimaeras producing unexpected non-responsiveness to vaccinia virus linked to H-2d in H-2b (+/+) in equilibrium H-2d (nu/nu). PMID- 6605850 TI - Induction of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity in mouse skin by inflammatory agents and tumor promoters. AB - The granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating activity (GM-CSA) was assayed in acetic acid extracts of skin from mice which were topically treated with inflammatory and tumor-promoting diterpene esters. Extremely large increases in GM-CSA were found in skin treated with the strongly tumor-promoting 12-O tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and the weakly promoting mezerein, while only a very slight increase was found with the non-promoting 4-O-methyl-TPA (4 OMe-TPA). Untreated areas of skin had very little GM-CSA. In the treated skins, the elevated GM-CSA was noted within a few hours and lasted for greater than 24 h after treatment. Although the levels of GM-CSA induced in the skin correspond to the degree of inflammation elicited by the respective treatments, the leukocytes in the acute inflammatory infiltrate did not appear to be responsible for the increased GM-CSA. Both epidermis and dermis had increased GM-CSA following TPA treatment of skin. Treatment of fibroblast and epithelial continuous cell lines with diterpene esters resulted in a similar pattern of GM-CSA induction in their supernatant media as that noted in the skin extracts. A large majority of the colonies stimulated by the diterpene-ester induced GM-CSA were composed of only macrophages. The results demonstrate that the topical administration of an inflammatory diterpene ester results in a rapid, marked yet local GM-CSA induction in the skin of treated mice. This indirect action in which diterpene esters induce in certain cells a growth regulatory factor for other types of cells may be an important element in carcinogenesis. PMID- 6605852 TI - Biliary tract infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b. AB - Four cases of women with biliary infection caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b are reported. The patients had underlying benign or malignant disease of the biliary tract. Haemophilus influenzae was isolated in pure culture from bile in all cases and also from blood cultures in three cases. The clinical condition of three patients was not severe, two of them recovering after surgery without antibiotic therapy. The fourth patient died of septic shock which occurred after liver biopsy. The frequency of biliary infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae has probably been underestimated because of the special nutritional requirements of this microorganism. The route by which Haemophilus influenzae reaches the biliary tract is not fully understood. PMID- 6605851 TI - Isolation and sequence analysis of the human corticotropin-releasing factor precursor gene. AB - A human genomic DNA segment containing the gene for the corticotropin-releasing factor precursor has been isolated by screening a gene library with an ovine cDNA probe. The cloned DNA segment has been subjected to restriction endonuclease mapping and nucleotide sequence analysis. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence of the gene with that of the ovine cDNA indicates that an intron of 800 bp is inserted in the segment encoding the 5'-untranslated region of the mRNA. The segment corresponding to the protein-coding and the 3'-untranslated region of the mRNA is uninterrupted. The mRNA and amino acid sequences of the human corticotropin-releasing factor precursor have been deduced from the corresponding gene sequence. The deduced amino acid sequence of human corticotropin-releasing factor exhibits seven amino acid substitutions in comparison with the ovine counterpart. PMID- 6605853 TI - Cotrimoxazole resistance in pneumococci. PMID- 6605854 TI - Electrophysiological profile of bepridil, a new anti-anginal drug with calcium blocking properties. AB - The electrophysiological effects of intravenously administered bepridil, a new anti-anginal drug with slow calcium current blocking properties, were studied in 20 patients undergoing an endocavitary cardiac exploration for various reasons. Classical techniques of programmed electrical stimulation were used. Bepridil markedly increased the refractory period of the atrium, atrioventricular node and the AH-interval. The effects on HR and ventricular refractory period were minimal, and sinus rate decreased slightly. A pronounced reduction in the heart rate at which the Wenckebach phenomenon was obtained in the anterograde direction (16%) and particularly in the retrograde direction (26%) was observed. During this study the drug appeared beneficial in suppressing atrial flutter, atrial extrasystoles, and ventricular extrasystoles. In two patients with intranodal reciprocal rhythm, the injection of bepridil terminated the tachycardia which could not be reinitiated later. No side-effects occurred and it appears that bundle branch block and prolonged HV interval are not contraindications to the use of bepridil. PMID- 6605855 TI - Binding of [3H]-methyltrienolone (R1881) by human breast cancers. AB - The synthetic radioligand [3H]-R1881 binds to both androgen and progestogen receptors; these two types of receptor activity can be separated by competition experiments with radioinert steroids of defined biological activity. Using two standard tissues, rat prostate and human uterus, which are sources of androgen and progestogen receptors respectively, the optimal conditions for the determination of each type of activity were established. For the purposes of routine assay, androgen receptors were quantified after saturation of progestogen receptor sites with 125 nM radioinert R5020 using [3H]-R1881 and increasing concentrations of radioinert R1881. Progestogen receptor activity could be identified using the same radioligand and competition with radioinert progesterone or R5020, though for routine purposes, progestogen receptors were quantified using the more specific radioligand, [3H]-R5020. The binding of [3H] R1881 to tumour cytosol was examined in 122 human breast cancers. Seventy-two tumours (59%) showed binding. Androgen receptor activity alone was present in 16 tumours, progestogen receptor activity alone in 30 tumours and both types in 26 tumours. Tumours containing progestogen receptor activity also showed binding to the progestogen [3H]-R5020, whilst those containing androgen receptors alone did not. Androgen receptor concentration varied from 17 to 210 fmol binding sites/mg cytosol protein (mean value 68) and the mean Kd was 2.15 X 10(-9) M. Progestogen receptor concentration varied from 25 to 1350 fmol binding sites/mg cytosol protein (mean value 410) and the mean Kd was 1.35 X 10(-9) M. The biological significance of the presence of these types of receptor in human breast cancers is currently being assessed from clinical follow-up. PMID- 6605856 TI - A non-clonogenic assay for the determination of the sensitivity of leukemic cells to chemotherapeutic agents. AB - A new method for measuring the effects of chemotherapeutic agents on leukemic cells has been developed. In this method tritiated thymidine [( 3H]-TdR) is used to determine the surviving proportion of leukemic cells which are stimulated to proliferate by colony-stimulating factor (CSF). The effects of four antileukemia drugs on bone marrow cells from 20 AML patients were studied using this method and the results correlated well with the effects of the drugs on the CFUc, which were studied simultaneously. Using the liquid culture method drug effects were measured on five bone marrow specimens which failed to clone in the CFUc assay as well as on three specimens which produced too few colonies/clusters to allow estimation of drug effects. PMID- 6605857 TI - Recirculating and sessile B cell populations in normal and CBA/N mice. AB - Chromosomally distinguishable syngeneic mice were parabiosed and the resultant chimerism was followed for 6 weeks in the lymphoid organs, by culturing their cells with polyclonal mitogens, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for B cells and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) for T cells. As expected of a recirculating population, the T cells equilibrated completely. The B cells in lymph nodes (LN) and Peyer's patches (PP) also equilibrated completely, suggesting that they too are recirculating. B cells in the spleen and blood, however, did not equilibrate over this period. After separation of parabiosed mice, the percentage of partner cells in both the recirculating T and B lymphocyte populations declined steadily, but it continued to rise in the LPS-responsive populations in spleen and peripheral blood suggesting that they were derived from precursor populations which were themselves chimeric. Injection of lymphocytes into CBA/Ca or CBA/N mice showed that LPS-responsive populations in LN and spleen localized differently. These results have been interpreted as demonstrating two major populations of LPS responsive B lymphocytes in the mouse, one recirculating and the other sessile. The recirculating population appears to be the only LPS-responsive population in LN and PP. In the spleen, however, the recirculating cells constitute about a quarter of the LPS-responsive cells, while the rest are sessile cells. The relationship between these two populations has yet to be clarified. CBA/N mice are deficient in both populations but the sessile one appears to be more severely depleted. PMID- 6605858 TI - Mitogenic effect of anti-Friend leukemia virus antiserum on T cells. AB - It has been previously reported that goat- and rat antisera directed against Friend leukemia virus (aFLV) are mitogenic for some B cells, but not for T cells. Here we report that activation of T cells by concanavalin A (Con A) rendered T cells responsive to the mitogenic activity of aFLV. This activity was contained in the immunoglobulin fraction and could be absorbed by purified FLV preparations. Optimal conditions for measuring the mitogenc activity of aFLV include 48 h preincubation of thymocytes with 3 micrograms/ml Con A followed by reculturing the activated thymocytes for 28 h with aFLV. The acquisition of an aFLV-responsive state was dependent on early protein synthesis during the Con A induced activation period. aFLV did not substitute for interleukin 2 (IL2) in a costimulator assay. Evidence is presented that aFLV acted in a cocultivation assay via growth factor(s). In contrast to control cultures, aFLV-treated lymphoblasts contained, in their supernatants, IL2 activity as demonstrated by their effect on an IL2-dependent T cell line. The data suggest that aFLV acted upon activated T cells by enhancing the endogenous production and/or release of IL2. PMID- 6605859 TI - Lack of a requirement for idiotype matching: T cells from mice which cannot produce idiotype support idiotype-positive antibody response. AB - A requirement for idiotype matching was reported such that carrier-primed T helper cells from mice, which are unable to produce an idiotype (idiotype negative) because of genetic reasons or adult anti-idiotype or neonatal anti-mu antibody treatment, did not provide helper function for an idiotype-positive antibody response. We have analyzed the requirement for idiotype matching in the response to phosphorylcholine by using mice which are idiotype-negative because they were injected with anti-idiotype antibody shortly after birth. Carrier primed T cells from such animals supported idiotype-positive responses when mixed with normal or primed B cell populations and challenged with appropriate antigen; these responses were quantitatively and qualitatively similar to those obtained with T cells from idiotype-positive animals. These results demonstrate no requirement for idiotype matching and suggest that the procedure used to establish an idiotype-negative T cell donor may be decisive in showing a requirement for idiotype matching. PMID- 6605860 TI - Rheumatoid factors and secondary immune responses in the mouse. I. Frequent occurrence of hybridomas secreting IgM anti-IgG1 autoantibodies after immunization with protein antigens. AB - The involvement of rheumatoid factor (RF)-secreting cells in normal immune responses was examined by screening hybridomas derived from 129/Sv mice during primary and secondary immune responses against foreign proteins. No RF-secreting cells were detected during primary responses, but up to 10% of the total number of clones obtained during secondary responses produced IgM with anti-IgG activity. Like typical mouse RF, these anti-IgG autoantibodies had a strict isotypic specificity, mostly for IgG1, and a much stronger avidity for immune complexes than for native IgG. The selective activation of IgG1-specific RF during these secondary immune reactions was not due to fortuitous antigenic similarities between mouse IgG1 and the antigens used for immunization, nor did it result from the use of adjuvants for priming, or from contamination of antigen preparations with lipopolysaccharide. It is therefore concluded that, in the 129/Sv mouse, RF production during secondary immune responses is a physiological phenomenon. PMID- 6605861 TI - Polyclonal activation of the murine immune system by an antibody to IgD. III. Ontogeny. AB - It has recently been demonstrated that the injection of adult mice with an affinity-purified goat antibody to mouse IgD (GaM delta) stimulates activation of the humoral immune system that resembles, on a polyclonal level, specific B cell activation by a T cell-dependent antigen. One to 2 days after adult BALB/c mice are injected with 200 micrograms of GaM delta, their splenic B lymphocytes undergo a series of T-independent activation steps that include increases in surface (s) Ia expression, cell size and DNA synthesis. Seven days after GaM delta injection, these cells undergo T-dependent activation steps, that include further proliferation as well as differentiation into IgG1-secreting cells. We have now studied the ontogeny of the T-independent (day 2) and T-dependent (day 7) activation steps by injecting 100-200 micrograms of GaM delta into 3-day- to 10-week-old BALB/c mice. GaM delta failed to induce increases in B cell sIa expression or size 2 days after injection of mice 2 weeks old or younger and failed to stimulate increased DNA synthesis 2 days after injection of 4-week-old mice. In contrast, increases in spleen cell sIa expression, size and DNA synthesis were seen 7 days after injection of 6- to 8-day-old mice. Furthermore, increases in the numbers of spleen cells with large amounts of intracytoplasmic IgG1 were seen at the same time, although these increases were much less than were seen in GaM delta-treated adult mice. Thus, the ability of GaM delta to induce T help and to act in concert with such help to stimulate B cell proliferation and differentiation precedes in ontogeny the ability of GaM delta to directly induce B cell proliferation and early differentiative events. In addition, the early activating events that we have studied are not required for T dependent B cell proliferation and antibody production to occur, although they appear to contribute to the magnitude of clonal expansion and antibody production. PMID- 6605862 TI - Rabbit leukocyte surface antigens defined by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Several monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against rabbit leukocytes were characterized in binding and functional studies. mAb 1.24 stains thymocytes, bone marrow cells, peripheral T and B cells and blood monocytes. T cells express more 1.24 antigen than B cells. In the absence of added complement (C), mAb 1.24 inhibits alloantigen-, concanavalin A (Con A)-, and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-, but not pokeweed mitogen (PWM)- or anti-immunoglobulin (Ig)-induced cell proliferation. It also strongly blocks anti-sheep erythrocyte plaque-forming cell responses. A second mAb, designated 4.B9, binds to 20% of thymocytes and to most, if not all, peripheral T cells and in vitro-activated T cell blasts. A third one, 10.B3, is reactive with the nearly entire thymocyte and a major peripheral T cell population. Two-color membrane immunofluorescence reveals the presence of a small population of peripheral blood leukocytes which bear surface Ig and are weakly stained by mAb 4.B9 and 10.B3. Without C, both 4.B9 and 10.B3 inhibit Con A- and PHA-induced mitogenesis, but have no effect on PWM-, antigen-, or alloantigen induced cell proliferation. Depletion of 4.B9+ cells by panning or complement lysis completely abrogates proliferative responsiveness to antigen and alloantigen, significantly reduces responsiveness to the T cell mitogens Con A and PHA, but enhances that to the B cell mitogen anti-Ig. A fourth mAb, 12.C7, binds to 60% of thymocytes and to 10-30% of peripheral T lymphocytes at high level fluorescence. T cell blasts obtained in mixed leukocyte reactions are partially stained by mAb 12.C7, while those obtained after Con A or PHA activation are not. In addition, mAb 12.C7 is completely unreactive with B cells or monocytes. Without complement, it does not seem to interfere with any of the in vitro functions tested. All antigens studied here do not appear to be expressed in nonleukon tissues, as they do not bind to erythrocytes and are absent from brain, heart, liver and kidney as shown by quantitative absorption analysis. PMID- 6605863 TI - Analysis by limiting dilution of interleukin 2-producing T cells in murine ontogeny. AB - The ontogeny of interleukin 2 (IL 2) production in young CBA/HT6T6J mice was studied using both bulk culture and limiting dilution methods. The ability of spleen cells in bulk culture to produce IL 2 in response to concanavalin A (Con A) was found to rise through the first 2 weeks of life, from no production at day 1, through 20 units/ml at day 6, to 80-100 units/ml in adults. No evidence for suppression of IL 2 production by young spleen was found. Limiting dilution analysis of both young spleen and young lymph node (LN) shows that young spleen has a much lower complement of cells producing IL 2 in response to Con A or allogeneic stimulation than does adult spleen. The frequency of 6-day spleen cells producing IL 2 in response to Con A is 1/1000, while the adult frequency is approximately 1/50. Young LN, in contrast, has levels of IL 2-producing cells close to those of adult LN, with a frequency of responders to Con A of 1/20. No evidence was found for a deficiency in IL 2 production on a per cell basis, in either 6-day spleen or LN. In examining allogeneic reactivity, a high frequency of cells reacting to strong Mls stimulation was found in both young and adult spleen and LN. PMID- 6605864 TI - The occurrence of defined idiotypes on autoantibodies to mouse thyroglobulin. AB - Anti-idiotypic antibodies were raised in rabbits to three monoclonal mouse autoanti-thyroglobulins. Of the idiotypes recognized, one was unique to that monoclonal, while the other two showed evidence of sharing idiotopes with other monoclonal anti-thyroglobulin (TG) idiotypes, the IgM idiotype in particular being found on nearly half of the hybridomas studied. Two of the idiotypes could be detected in the sera of mice with experimental allergic thyroiditis (EAT), but they constituted only a very small percentage of the total anti-TG present. In spite of its low levels in EAT mice the D8 idiotype could be induced by injection of anti-idiotype and TG and in this case it constituted up to 20% of the anti-TG activity in individual mice, showing a strain-related association between the idiotype and autoanti-TG. PMID- 6605865 TI - Characterization of the spreading process in human T lymphocytes. AB - Substratum-bound concanavalin A (conA) caused attachment and spreading of human T lymphocytes identified by monoclonal anti-T cell antibodies and sheep erythrocyte rosette formation. The simultaneous presence of conA in the medium increased the spreading, whereas preincubation of the cells with conA inhibited spreading. The tendency of conA to induce spreading was dependent on the concentration used, the higher the conA concentration the more pronounced was the spreading. For example, conA at 10 micrograms ml-1 triggered the formation of prominent substratum attached filopodia with a length of 1-10 micron in 60-80% of T-enriched lymphocytes obtained from separate individuals. At the same conA dose the filopodia were, in 10-20% of the lymphocytes, accompanied by development of lamellipodia. With conA at 100 micrograms ml-1 the number of cells that underwent pronounced spreading was 55-90% in separate individuals. Observation of T enriched cells fixed at different times after initiation of spreading induced by conA at 100 micrograms ml-1 indicated that filopodia formation represented the initial morphological alteration during the spreading process. This process thereafter proceeded with development of lamellipodia, extensive cytoplasmic spreading and flattening of the central cell mass. Quiescent and mitogen activated cells exhibited the same sequence of changes during spreading. Spreading led to disappearance of the microvilli with a length of 0.1-0.7 micron present on lymphocytes in suspension, although some microvilli persisted over the cell center. PMID- 6605866 TI - Amiloride inhibits anti-Ig induction of proliferation in a human B-lymphoma cell population. AB - The effects of amiloride on increased 86Rb+ influx, an early event of lymphocyte activation, and on the late event, [3H]thymidine uptake, were compared in anti-Ig stimulated human B-lymphoma cells in vitro. Both events were inhibited to significant and comparable extents, and the drug effects were apparently not due to unspecific toxicity. This suggests that the increased 86Rb+ influx reflects early changes (e.g. amiloride-sensitive Na+-H+ exchange) which are required for anti-Ig induction of B-lymphocyte proliferation. PMID- 6605867 TI - Murine erythroid colony-promoting factor derived from thymocyte conditioned media. AB - It has been shown that murine thymocytes have some effects on the proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic stem cells in mice. However, the precise mechanisms are not well known. We, therefore, investigated the effects of thymocytes on the proliferation of erythroid progenitors (CFUE) by using a normal murine syngeneic system. The addition of thymocytes to marrow cultures increased the number of CFUE colonies from marrow cells. Furthermore, conditioned medium prepared from thymocytes enhanced the in vitro colony growth of CFUE in the presence of erythropoietin. This enhancing factor(s) had a molecular weight of about 32,000 daltons and was heat stable at 70 degrees C for 30 min. We have concluded that murine thymocytes promote erythroid colony formation in vitro by producing an erythropoietic stimulating factor(s), although its detailed characteristics remain to be elucidated. PMID- 6605868 TI - Relative subunit composition of the ferritin synthesized by selected human lymphomyeloid cell populations. AB - Biosynthesis of ferritin subunits by cell sets isolated from normal human peripheral blood, spleens of Hodgkin's disease patients, and tumor cell lines were investigated. Normal mature hematopoietic cells made a ferritin with more H (21K) than L (19K) subunits. The reverse was found for a promyelocytic tumor cell line and tumor cell lines derived from other tissues. Two dimensional electrophoresis indicated H has a lower pI than L. Therefore relative proportions of the two subunits contribute to the electrophoretically distinct forms of the isoferritins. In response to increasing concentrations of iron in vitro, a selected monocyte population synthesized more H than L; L biosynthesis however increased more than H. Some possible regulatory implications of these observations are discussed. PMID- 6605869 TI - Intrinsic expression of 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in murine myelomonocytic cell lines. AB - The expression of a 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20 alpha SDH) activity was investigated in various murine hematopoietic cells. Large differences appeared between cells belonging to the same hematopoietic lineage. Normal thymocytes were positive when splenocytes, B and T lymphoma cell lines were negative. In two stromal fibroblastic cell lines, the expression of 20 alpha SDH was very high, whereas it was negative in NIH/3T3 normal fibroblasts. Among myelomonocytic cell lines, six expressed high levels and two were negative. Contaminating lymphoid subpopulations were not detectable in these cell lines. The levels of detected enzymatic activity seemed unrelated with the virus infection. The presence of 20 alpha SDH activity in factor-independent myelomonocytic cell lines, and the lack of induction of the enzymatic activity by the IL-3 containing WEHI-3B conditioned medium in negative cell lines, led us to suggest that myelomonocytic cells intrinsically express the 20 alpha SDH enzymatic activity, as well as other hemopoietic and stromal cell lines. PMID- 6605870 TI - The effects of strobe rate of head-fixed visual targets on suppression of vestibular nystagmus. AB - The effects of degrading retinal image velocity information on suppression of the vestibulo-ocular reflex have been assessed through tachistoscopic presentation of target sources in man. Subjects were required to fixate a head-fixed display during exposure to a 0.5 Hz sinusoidal angular oscillation of the head at +/- 60 degrees/s. In the first experiment it was found that the degree of suppression was progressively degraded as the interval between successive target presentations was increased from 10 to 3,000 ms. In the second experiment no effect of changing the duration of the target pulse was observed over a range from 20 to 1,000 microseconds. The results appear consistent with a model of visual motion sensitivity in which relative velocity information is obtained by the temporal integration of responses from spatially separated retinal cells. PMID- 6605871 TI - Sensory modality interdependence in the octaval system of an elasmobranch. AB - Vibration-sensitive units with labyrinth input are studied in the medullary magnocellular region, and in the mesencephalic torus semicircularis and oculomotor nucleus of the thornback ray. Neuronal activity is recorded during delivery of vibratory and acoustic stimuli, and during presentation of static tilt and sinusoidal pitch movement. These stimulation procedures are subsequently combined in order to gain some insight into the potential biological function of these units. The units described fall into three categories. The first group (called VIB I) are highly sensitive to vibration. They project to the torus semicircularis and are probably activated by the macula neglecta. Their responses to vibratory shocks or acoustic click sounds are not affected by simultaneous presentation of static tilt or movement of pitch. However, if exposed to a background of vibration, these units yield responses phase-locked to sinusoidal pitch; they respond poorly to pitch alone or even fail to do so at all without simultaneous delivery of vibration. Since it is uncertain exactly which natural stimuli excite these units, their biological function is still unclear. The units of the second group (VIB II) are less sensitive to vibration, project to the oculomotor nucleus, and possibly receive input from the anterior two thirds of the macula sacculi and/or the lacinia utriculi. The units respond to both tilt and pitch, provided that continuous vibration is delivered at the same time. Unlike the preceding class, their responses to vibratory bursts and acoustic clicks are suppressed during presentation of pitch and static tilt. It is suggested that this type of unit is more likely to be used for vestibular input of tilt and pitch rather than for vibratory and acoustic information. The third group of units (VIB III) is least sensitive to vibration. These units appear to receive input from the macula utriculi and/or the posterior third of the macula sacculi. They discharge poorly during vibratory stimulation, and are able to respond to pitch even without simultaneous delivery of vibration. Their responses to vibratory stimulation are enhanced by static tilt. Apparently, these units are involved in the processing of vestibular input. PMID- 6605872 TI - Involvement of GABAergic mechanisms in the optokinetic nystagmus of the frog. AB - Frog optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) was studied before and after an intravitreal injection of picrotoxin, a specific non-competitive GABA antagonist. In monocular vision, the OKN displayed a directional asymmetry favouring the Temporal-Nasal (T N) stimulation. In that case, the nystagmus extinction frequency (NEF) is low, about 2 frames/s. In binocular vision, the OKN is symmetrical with a facilitation of performances compared to monocular vision (NEF = 3 frames/s). In monocular as in binocular vision, an intravitreal injection of picrotoxin (between 1 X 10(-4) and 5 X 10(-3) M) provoked the disappearance of the injected eye OKN and a spectacular facilitation in the performances of the intact eye, with the appearance of a N-T component and the increase of the NEF value reaching 7 or 11.5 frames/s according to the experimental conditions. This contralateral facilitation was no longer observed after the optic nerve of the injected eye had been cut, indicating that such a facilitation can only be explained by alterations of a central process triggered by the visual input. It is concluded that GABAergic mechanisms might be responsible for the inhibition of the N-T component in the frog OKN and might be involved in the control of the power of temporal resolution in this animal. PMID- 6605873 TI - Modification of per- and postrotational responses by voluntary motor activity of the limbs. AB - In order to explore interactive effects of voluntarily generated rotational stimuli on evoked vestibular responses, experiments were performed using a rotation chair in which the subject either controlled the angular motion by voluntary movement of his upper and lower limbs, or was passive-rotation being controlled by a servomotor and electromagnetic brake. In two experiments, carried out on 8 and 9 subjects respectively, it was found that cessation of sustained passive rotation by voluntary limb actions strongly suppressed the postrotational turning sensation but did not alter the evoked nystagmus. Limb movements that were directionally concordant with muscle torque in generating body rotation yielded arthrokinetic effects which augmented perrotational nystagmus and sustained the sensation of turning. The postrotational sensation of turning and postrotational nystagmus produced by voluntary cessation of active rotation were reduced relative to responses produced by passive turning and stopping. The Purkinje effect induced by postrotational head movements was similarly reduced following voluntary cessation of active rotation. PMID- 6605874 TI - The effect of central retinal lesions on optokinetic nystagmus in the monkey. AB - In alert monkeys (Macaca mulatta and fascicularis) the effect of central retinal lesions on 'fast' optokinetic responses was investigated during high velocity optokinetic and visual-vestibular conflict stimulation. The 'fast' component of the optokinetic response manifests itself as a rapid rise in the slow-phase eye velocity after light-on, during high velocity optokinetic stimulation; and a sudden drop in eye velocity after light-off. In contrast, the 'velocity storage' component leads only to gradual changes in eye velocity during continuous optokinetic stimulation and after light-off (optokinetic after-nystagmus). Retinal lesions were placed by laser coagulation in and around the fovea. Responses of the normal and lesioned eye were compared. It was found that central lesions up to 12 deg (fovea diameter 6 deg) had only a negligible effect on 'fast' optokinetic responses. With lesions of more than 25-30 deg diameter centered on the fovea definite 'fast' responses could still be obtained, on average reduced to about 50% of the responses of the normal eye. Some monkeys showed initially no 'fast' optokinetic responses and had, therefore, to be excluded from lesion experiments. The results demonstrate that 'fast' optokinetic responses also can be obtained from extrafoveal areas, i.e. areas which are not generally involved in smooth pursuit eye movements. These results are discussed in relation to reports that the 'smooth pursuit' eye movement system is also used to generate 'fast' optokinetic responses. PMID- 6605875 TI - Visual modulation of neuronal activity within the rat vestibular nuclei. AB - Sixty-two of 95 units within the vestibular nuclei of 24 hooded, Long-Evans rats were found to respond to both linear accelerations on a parallel swing and to linear movements of the visual field. The addition of visual clues during periods of linear accelerations produced a phase shift in the majority of the units towards the maximal acceleration of the animal, and an increase in the peak activity during the periods of maximal acceleration. Conflicting visual vestibular stimulation resulted in reduced directional sensitivity and lower rates of firing in visually sensitive units. PMID- 6605876 TI - Hymenolepis nana: maturation in an immunosuppressed unnatural rat host. AB - When eggs of the dwarf tapeworm Hymenolepis nana, cycled exclusively and directly through mice for more than 10 years, were inoculated into previously uninfected inbred Fischer (F344) strain rats, they failed to mature in the rat intestinal lumen. Eggs of H. nana inoculated into the rat developed normally into cysticercoids (cysts) in the intestinal tissue, but thereafter failed to mature in the lumen except when the host was treated with cortisone acetate from the day of cyst maturation. The Fischer rat initially given eggs of H. nana became completely immune to egg challenge within 2 days of egg inoculation; no cysts derived from challenge eggs were found in the immunized rat. Immunosuppression, assessed by the success of cyst recovery in the tissue 4 days after egg challenge, had no promotive effect on the recovery of adult worms derived from eggs initially inoculated. Rats initially given eggs and immunosuppressed by cyclophosphamide or antithymocyte serum did not harbor any adult worms. Cortisone acetate treatment which was sufficient for eggs inoculated to mature (a total of 75 or even 200 mg, from Day 5 of egg inoculation) had no effects of immunosuppression, whereas cortisone acetate treatment which was sufficient for immunosuppression (a total of 150 mg from Day -2, two days prior to the initial egg inoculation) induced some adult formation as well. In addition, when mouse derived cysts were inoculated into the rat instead of eggs, they also failed completely to mature even when the rat was treated with cyclophosphamide or antithymocyte serum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6605877 TI - Brugia pahangi: antibodies and microfilaremias in Lewis rats. AB - Male and female Lewis rats were inoculated subcutaneously in the left groin with 75 infective larvae of Brugia pahangi and microfilaremias were followed for as long as 420 days postinoculation. Patent infections developed in 64% of the female rats and 95% of the male rats. Mean prepatent periods were similar (65.9 and 63.9 days, respectively), but mean microfilaremias in males rose much higher, to a mean of 218 mf/0.25 ml blood at 270 days postinoculation. IgG titers, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), to adult worm somatic antigen were higher than those to microfilariae in almost all rats. For both sexes, the most consistently microfilaremia rats had highest titers to these antigens. Granulomas with degenerating microfilaria were present in the spleen of male rats with high microfilaremias (greater than 100-300 mf/0.25 ml blood). Ouchterlony precipitin reactions suggested that most rats with spleen granulomas responded to microfilarial antigen components to which most rats without granulomas did not. Neither spleen granulomas nor antibody responses measured in this study appeared to have protective (microfi8laremia-lowering) value. As measured by microfilaremias, the male Lewis rat is not as susceptible as some conventional hosts of B. pahangi, but it does consistently become infected and remains microfilaremic for more than a year. Preferential male susceptibility indicates that this model may be useful for studying this aspect of human lymphatic filariasis. PMID- 6605878 TI - Immunological investigation of the prelymphoma period in baboons of the Sukhumi monkey stock. AB - In the "pre-lymphoma" period, some high-risk baboons develop changes in their immunity which is expressed, in particular, in the imbalnace of T-lymphocyte subpopulations, that is, increase in the number of cells of T gamma subpopulation which are carriers of suppressive functions in man. As a reflection of immunological disturbances, increase in the level of antibodies against HVP, apparently as a result of HVP activation, is observed in baboons in the "pre lymphoma" period. PMID- 6605879 TI - Plasmacellular and granulomatous splenomegaly produced in rats by tin. AB - Two intravenous inoculations of metallic tin powder caused a striking, self limited enlargement of the spleen up to five or six times its normal size. In addition to epithelioid cell granulomas in response to the foreign particles, the spleen contained extensive accumulations of plasmablasts, plasma cells, and plasma cells containing Russell bodies. The proliferative activity of the immature plasma cells was indicated by the high incidence of mitoses and cells labeled with tritiated thymidine. In contrast, the granulomas had no mitoses or labeling. A single intravenous injection of tin usually produced little or no reaction in the spleen despite an abundance of tin particles. Two intravenous injections or one intravenous and one intraperitoneal inoculation were much more effective. Experiments on route, interval, and dose suggested that the first dose of tin prepared the spleen in some manner while the second dose actually elicited the reaction. Pertussis vaccine or glucan could substitute for one of the tin injections. This new model is of interest for the study of plasma cell hyperplasia and also for revealing the pathogenic potential of metallic tin. PMID- 6605881 TI - [Rheumatism]. PMID- 6605880 TI - [A new nitrogen-containing polycyclic system. Synthesis and pharmacologic properties of benzofuran and thienothiadiazolepyrimidine derivatives. I]. AB - A series of 5H-benzofuro[3,2-d]1,3,4-thiadiazolo[3,2-a]-pyrimidin-5-ones and 1,3,4-thiadiazolo[3,2-a]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-ones were synthesized and their analgesic, antiinflammatory, antiexudative and ulcerogenic activities were evaluated. The analgesic and antiexudative activities of several derivatives proved to be less than that of indomethacin and much higher than that of mefenamic and acetylsalicylic acids. Acute toxicity and ulcerogenic effects were significantly lower than those of reference drugs. PMID- 6605882 TI - [Role of the atrium in the functional organization of the sinoatrial node]. AB - The automatic activity of the venous sinus was studied in respect to the atrial bioelectrical activity in frogs. Each of the two parts of the divided venous sinus had different rhythms. Extra-cellular recording revealed that the APs of both parts of the sinus were closely synchronized if the parts were connected with the atrium. The data obtained suggests that this synchronization was due to atrial bioelectrical activity. PMID- 6605883 TI - [Enzymatic adaptation of the pancreas and small intestine to food composition (the example of carbohydrases)]. AB - In two series of experiments on rats, the effect of high protein as well as fat and carbohydrate diets of carbohydrases activity of the pancreas and the small intestine was studied; in the first series, the animals had the specialized diets for 4, 15 and 30 days, while in the second series--for 7 days. In the 1st series food composition produced an obvious effect on gamma--amylase, maltase and sacrase activities of the intestinal mucosa, whereas in the 2nd series the effect was insignificant which can be accounted for by somewhat different conditions of the experiments. The data suggest that adaptation of pancreatic and small intestine's enzyme systems to food composition should be considered an integrated reaction. PMID- 6605884 TI - [Method of presentation of the distribution of electroencephalographic signals by the frequency spectrum]. PMID- 6605885 TI - [Mechanism of the occurrence of evoked motor activity in the lymphatic center of the frog]. AB - In the frog isolated spinal cord, the main parameters of spike activity of the lymphatic center's motoneurons were studied in normal conditions and in altered rhythm of their functioning. Artificial excitation of the lymphatic center by means of stimulation of the dorsal roots, irrespective of the electrical stimuli rate (within the range 1-5 Hz), was shown to induce the same regularities of the evoked motor activity generation in the lymphatic center in the altered rhythm, as in the spontaneous activity of the motoneurons. The main parameters of the evoked activity of motoneurons under these conditions are not significantly dissimilar to the respective parameters of spontaneous activity, either. PMID- 6605886 TI - [Does PUVA therapy affect the number of T-lymphocytes in patients with psoriasis vulgaris?]. PMID- 6605887 TI - Thymus-dependent immune functions in chickens bursectomized with colchicine applied to the anal lips. AB - Thymus-dependent immune functions were investigated in chickens bursectomized neonatally with colchicine solution given per anum. Antibody responses to thymus dependent antigens sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and human gamma-globulin (HGG) were delayed, reaching the normal level after the third antigen stimulation. Also the mitogenic responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes were preserved, and no changes in the thymic morphology were found. In contrast, antibody responses to bursa-dependent antigen Brucella abortus were low and the switch of immunoglobulin isotypes from IgM to IgA and IgG was disturbed. It can be concluded that neonatal bursectomy with cloacal administration of colchicine does not significantly affect T cell functions, whereas B cell functions are partially deficient. PMID- 6605888 TI - Antibody production by different sites and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression of the TNP-LPS response in the grass frog, Rana pipiens. PMID- 6605889 TI - The role of gibberellins in controlling cellular processes in germinating cereals. PMID- 6605890 TI - Controlled clinical study with Fentiazac suspension in painful inflammatory diseases of children. AB - In a parallel double-blind trial with fifty paediatric patients, the anti inflammatory, anti-exudative and antipyretic effects of Fentiazac suspension were compared with Benzidamine drops in the treatment of painful inflammatory conditions. Both drugs proved to be effective in relieving the signs and symptoms considered, though Fentiazac was shown to be more rapid and active. Body temperature was lowered by both drugs. Patients treated with Fentiazac suspension had a normal temperature after 3 days of treatment whereas in the Benzidamine treated group the same result was reached only after 4 days (p less than 0.01). There was no subjective or objective evidence of local and/or systemic intolerance to either test drug. PMID- 6605891 TI - Suppression of granulocyte-macrophage colony formation in vitro by conditioned medium derived from human bladder cancer cells. AB - Media conditioned with 8 cell lines were assayed for stimulating and inhibiting activities on granulocyte-macrophage colony formation from bone marrow cells in soft agar (CFUc). Conditioned media from 3 human bladder cancer cell lines (EJ, T24 and KK47) and a rat bladder cancer cell line (BC50-TC) showed marked inhibition of mouse CFUc. Conditioned medium from normal human bladder cells showed a weak colony-stimulating activity, and only a slight inhibition when added to CFUc culture. Conditioned media from mouse or rat fibroblast cell lines (BLP and 3Y1) showed no colony-inhibiting activity, and the conditioned media from human lymphoblastoid cell line (Raji) and human epithelia-like cell line from amniotic membrane (FL) showed moderate inhibitory activity. No colony stimulating activity was detected in any of the cell lines tested. EJ-conditioned medium inhibited human CFUc, but not erythroid progenitors. Colony-inhibiting activity in EJ-conditioned medium appears not to be prostaglandins; it needs more than 3 hr to inhibit CFUc, is stable at 56 degrees for 30 min but not at 75 degrees for 20 min, and is susceptible to proteolytic enzymes. PMID- 6605892 TI - Comparative study of the safety and efficacy of liquid and dry monopolar electrocoagulation in experimental canine bleeding ulcers using computerized energy monitoring. AB - The drawbacks of monopolar electrocoagulation in the control of gastrointestinal bleeding include tissue adherence, unpredictable energy deposition, and a high incidence of tissue damage. Introduction of a conductive interfacial film of liquid between the monopolar electrode and the bleeding point during electrocoagulation may overcome these drawbacks. A prospective, controlled study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a monopolar electrode in liquid and dry modes when used to coagulate experimental canine bleeding ulcers. All experiments were done in open fashion via a gastrotomy with hand-held electrodes. An analog computer, which could be connected between a standard electrosurgical generator and the electrode, was designed and built to monitor and control the energy delivered to the tissue. Both liquid and dry electrodes were highly effective in stopping bleeding. The liquid electrode was found to be superior to the dry electrode in that tissue adherence was eliminated and energy deposition was more predictable, varying less with angle of incidence. The liquid electrode caused less macroscopic serosal damage and less full-thickness histologic damage if the total energy or number of pulses was limited; however, both caused microscopic full-thickness damage in one-half of the experimental ulcers treated, although no perforations occurred. PMID- 6605893 TI - Thrombocytopenia and gastrointestinal hemorrhage in the cancer patient: prevalence of unmasked lesions. AB - Some coagulation deficiencies are known to cause bleeding by unmasking existing gastrointestinal pathology, as opposed to directly causing mucosal blood loss. Characteristics and etiology of gastrointestinal hemorrhage associated with thrombocytopenia have not been analyzed. Our objectives were to correlate the distribution and cause of gastrointestinal bleeding, as diagnosed by fiberoptic endoscopy, with the severity of thrombocytopenia. One hundred thirty-three patients were divided into three groups, determined by platelet count at the time of bleeding (group A: less than 20,000/mm3; group B: 20,000 to 40,000/mm3; group C greater than 40,000/mm3). Results of 187 endoscopies revealed unifocal sources of blood loss in over 50% of each group, and diffuse mucosal oozing independent of gastrointestinal pathology was seen in only 1% of group C. The only significant difference (p = 0.04) comparing unifocal, multifocal, and diffuse sources of bleeding was observed between groups A and C, where in the distribution of multifocal or diffuse sources of bleeding was more common in group A. Esophagitis was more common and gastric ulceration less common in group A. No endoscopic complications occurred. Gastrointestinal bleeding associated with thrombocytopenia is most commonly due to co-existent gastrointestinal pathology as opposed to diffuse mucosal bleeding. Even when an inflammatory process, such as esophagitis or gastritis, affects a particular organ, bleeding is usually unifocal or multifocal as opposed to diffuse even in the presence of moderately severe thrombocytopenia. PMID- 6605894 TI - Gastrointestinal hemorrhage in the cancer patient. AB - The usefulness of fiberoptic endoscopy, performed to identify the cause(s) of gastrointestinal bleeding in cancer patients was assessed by (1) identifying the clinical presentation of bleeding, (2) evaluating the safety and diagnostic yield of fiberoptic endoscopy, (3) determining the frequency distribution of causes of bleeding, and (4) evaluating the clinical course following acute gastrointestinal bleeding in a cancer patient population. Hematemesis, melena, and hematochezia were observed in decreasing order of frequency as manifestations of bleeding. Of 187 endoscopic procedures performed on 133 patients, 75% were bleeding from benign lesions with the majority due to gastric ulceration, gastritis, or duodenal ulceration. One third of patients with tumors involving the gastrointestinal tract were bleeding from another source. Mortality from major hemorrhage was 8%; 55% of patients were alive at the end of 2 years. Endoscopy was performed without complications and contributed to medical management, angiographic therapy, and surgical planning. PMID- 6605895 TI - Upper gastrointestinal fiberoptic endoscopy in pediatric patients. AB - Upper gastrointestinal fiberendoscopy in pediatric patients is done safely and under local anesthesia in most instances. This study of 47 children confirmed the value of fiberendoscopy in establishing the etiology of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and the presence of esophageal varices. It also contributed significantly to the management of patients with disphagia, pyrosis, epigastric pain, and ingestion of foreign bodies. No significant morbidity was caused. PMID- 6605896 TI - Indications, technique, results, and complications of sclerotherapy. PMID- 6605897 TI - Endoscopic paravariceal injection sclerotherapy of the esophagus--indications, technique, complications: results of a period of 14 years. PMID- 6605898 TI - Failure of peritoneojugular shunt after injection sclerotherapy. PMID- 6605899 TI - Paternal correlates of adolescent marijuana use in the context of the mother-son and parental dyads. AB - This study was designed to examine the paternal determinants of male adolescent marijuana use in the context of the mother-son and parental relationships. In addition, parental factors affecting experimental vs regular use of marijuana were examined. Two hundred forty-six male college students and their fathers were administered written questionnaires. Results indicated that the father's personality attributes and socialization techniques are associated with the son's use of marijuana despite control on the mother-son relationship. Fathers of marijuana users score higher on measures of psychopathology and unconventionality, and are less likely to have established close relationships with their sons. In addition, marijuana users more than nonusers have unaffectionate mothers and parents with less harmonious marital relations. Also of importance were interactions within the family system. The significance of these second-order effects highlights the importance of examining the father-son relation in the context of mother-son and parental interactions. PMID- 6605900 TI - The prevalence of obesity in adults by age, sex, and occupation in Anambra State, Nigeria. AB - This study investigates the prevalence of obesity among the high risk individuals (those obese and those likely to become obese) in selected towns in Anambra State, Nigeria. Two hundred and four subjects were investigated. One hundred thirty-one were men between the ages of 30 and 60 years and others were women between the ages of 20 and 55 years. Data were collected by means of questionnaire; anthropometric measurements; and a 24-hour period dietary recall. Results of anthropometric measurements showed 78.12% of business executives, 58.82% of market women, 54.29% of chiefs and 40.58% of top civil servants were 20% above desirable weight for age. The prevalence of obesity was higher in women than men. In men the incidence of obesity appears to be inversely proportional to age. In women, it is directly proportional to age. PMID- 6605902 TI - [Rhesus prevention and course following amniocentesis in early pregnancy]. PMID- 6605901 TI - Glucose absorption from starch hydrolysates in the human jejunum. AB - The intestinal absorption and mucosal hydrolysis of a partial and a complete alpha-amylase hydrolysate of corn starch, simulating the normal intermediary and end products of luminal starch digestion, was studied using an in vivo steady state jejunal perfusion technique in normal human subjects. Alpha-amylase was excluded from the test segment by proximal balloon occlusion. Products of hydrolysis during intestinal perfusion were identified using gel permeation chromatography. Three isocaloric, isotonic sugar saline solutions containing 140 mM glucose, 70 mM maltose and the partial amylase hydrolysate of starch (51.5 +/- 1.4% of glucose content comprising glucose polymers of more than 10 glucose units) were perfused in the first study. Net glucose absorption during perfusion of the partial hydrolysate and free glucose was similar, but significantly faster from maltose (p less than 0.05). Hydrolysis of the polymer fraction containing more than 10 glucose units was significantly slower (29.5 +/- 2.0% of infused load) than the lower molecular weight fraction (56.4 +/- 3.8%, p less than 0.001). As net glucose absorption from the partial hydrolysate was similar to that from glucose, despite the slow hydrolysis of the higher molecular weight fraction, it seemed likely that oligosaccharides in the more rapidly hydrolysed lower molecular weight fractions were exerting a kinetic advantage on glucose absorption. This was confirmed in a second study, where glucose absorption from a complete amylase hydrolysate consisting predominantly of maltose, maltotriose and alpha-limit dextrins, occurred significantly faster (81.8 +/- 4.8 mmol/h/25 cm) than from isocaloric free glucose (55.8 +/- 4.9 mmol/h/25 cm, p less than 0.001). Chromatograms of intestinal aspirates suggested that (1->4), but not 1->6) linked oligosaccharides liberated during luminal and brush-border hydrolysis of dietary starch conferred a kinetic advantage on glucose absorption. PMID- 6605903 TI - [Spectral sensitivity in achromatopsia with progressive tapeto-retinal degeneration]. PMID- 6605904 TI - [Closure of joint cartilage defects using cartilage fragments and fibrin glue]. AB - In the knee joints of adult rabbits osteochondral defects of 4 mm in diameter were placed by a drill reaching the cancellous bone. In the first group the defects were left untreated or closed by collagen foam or by fibrin adhesive or a combination of both. In the second group the defects were closed with very small autologous cartilage fragments and fibrin adhesive. The animals were observed over up to 40 weeks. In the first group no hyaline cartilage was found histologically in any of the defects. In the second group a rapid proliferation of chondrocytes appeared with development of hyaline cartilage with alcian-blue positive matrix. It resembled juvenile cartilage in its histologic appearance and with regard to the induction of ossification. This phenomenon is interpreted as a "second adolescence" of the adult cartilage induced by the rich nutritional and oxygen supply from the cancellous vessels, which resembles the environmental conditions before forming of subchondral cortical bone at the end of the growth period. This method enabled us to achieve a complete closure of defects by hyaline cartilage on the very level of the surrounding articular surface. PMID- 6605905 TI - [Clinical relations of certain HLA-B 27 positive disease pictures]. PMID- 6605906 TI - [Hashish for the children of the Revolution. The Soviet society campaigns against the problem of drug dependence of adolescents]. PMID- 6605907 TI - [Frequency of virus diseases in a regional hospital]. AB - The district hospital Wertingen is nearly 100 km away from the Government Investigation-Institute fur Public Health, South-Bavaria, and there is no direct railway connection to Munich. This is a report how in spite of these insufficient traffic conditions in many cases the etiologic agent of virus diseases could be proved by isolation of virus or by showing specific IgM-antibodies or significant titer-rises in two blood-samples. For a successful investigation of the patient material the knowledge of clinical symptoms and the anamnesis is most important. Furthermore is important the optimal time for collecting the material, which is for virus isolation always the earliest time after the onset of illness. For demonstration of titer-rises a second blood sample during the recovery has to be sent to the laboratory. During 1981 and 1982 in the district hospital Wertingen the diagnosis of 116 patients with virus diseases could be proved by demonstration of the etiologic agent. PMID- 6605908 TI - [Early rehabilitation in the form of connected curative treatment in patients with cardiovascular diseases and heart surgery]. PMID- 6605910 TI - Adolescent growth patterns in a northern Italian community. PMID- 6605909 TI - [The primary structure of the alpha-amylase inhibitor Hoe 467A from Streptomyces tendae 4158. A new class of inhibitors]. AB - The native or modified alpha-amylase inhibitor Hoe 467A - isolated from the culture medium of Streptomyces tendae 4158 - and overlapping peptides were degraded by the automatic Edman technique. The oxidized or aminoethylated or oxidized and maleoylated inhibitor was digested with trypsin and the native inhibitor with pepsin. Further digestion with Staphylococcus aureus proteinase was also carried out. After peptic digestion two cystin peptides were isolated, which allowed the establishment of the disulfide bonds. The alpha-amylase inhibitor is a polypeptid consisting of 74 amino-acid residues with a molecular mass of 7958 Da. The inhibitor is composed of all naturally occurring amino acids except methionine and phenylalanine and shows no sequence homology to known inhibitors. The clinical and pharmacological importance in respect to the inhibitors ability for inactivation of human salivary and pancreatic alpha amylase is discussed. Especially the proteinase resistance of the inhibitor enables a clinical application in human (e.g. Diabetes mellitus) per os. PMID- 6605911 TI - Hairy cell leukaemia with T-cell marker. PMID- 6605912 TI - Human lymphocyte agglutinins in Tursiops truncatus (bottlenose dolphin). AB - A naturally occurring heterophile agglutinin directed against human erythrocytes and lymphocytes is present in the serum of the marine mammal, Tursiops truncatus (Bottlenose dolphin). Differential specificity was demonstrated with the use of absorption techniques that showed at least 3 separate specificities directed against erythrocytes, T cells, and B cells, of which the B cell agglutinin was in the highest titer. Isolation techniques employing ion exchange and affinity chromatography have shown these agglutinins to be of the IgM class. Agglutinin activity is lost when lymphocytes are treated with pronase, suggesting that the surface receptor is protein or protein associated. PMID- 6605913 TI - IgM and IgG secretion in human B-cell lines regulated by B-cell-inducing factors (BIF) and phorbol ester. AB - Human B-cell lines were screened for stimulation of immunoglobulin production by incubation with lymphokine (LK) or tumor promoter, phorbol myristic acetate (PMA). One group of lines had essentially no immunoglobulin-secreting cells (ISC) under any condition (less than 0.01%), detected by a reverse plaque assay. Another group of lines had high levels of ISC (greater than 5%) which was not increased substantially by inducing agents. In a third group of IgM and IgG lines, there were intermediate levels of ISC which could be increased by LK, PMA or both agents. No evidence for isotype switching in a number of stimulated IgM and IgG cell lines was detected. Clone SKW6.4 of an IgM line was highly responsive to a B-cell-inducing factor (BIF) in LK. BIF for SKW6.4 and IgG line ARH-77 was weakly binding to DEAE cellulose, about 20,000 mol. wt., and separable from IL-2 by blue agarose chromatography. IL-2 did not stimulate secretion in SKW6.4 with or without purified BIF. In Clone SKW6.4, BIF stimulated ISC per recovered cell up to 30-fold by day 1 of culture, and these plateau levels of about 6% ISC were maintained for longer than 4 days. Treatment of cells with BIF for less than 1 day was sufficient to produce maximum effect on this clone for the succeeding 4 days. Cells stimulated with BIF and then subcultured at day 3 without BIF showed ISC numbers increasing but at a slower rate than the total population, suggesting that the induced differentiation state is long-lived (half life of % ISC greater than 6 days) and that ISC produce some daughter ISC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6605914 TI - Selective interactions of electrolectins from eel electric organ and mouse thymus with mouse immature thymocytes. AB - The pure electrolectin, a beta-D-galactoside binding lectin from the electric organ of the electric eel Electrophorus electricus, was found to agglutinate selectively a subpopulation of mouse thymocytes. This cell population could be separated from non-agglutinated cells by 1 g sedimentation over fetal calf serum. The agglutinated cells could be identified as immature thymocytes on the basis of the density of theta-antigen they bear on their surfaces, their mitotic activity and the absence of response to the mitogenic action of phytohemagglutinin. The immature mouse thymocytes were found to bind the endogenous mouse thymic lectin (MTL) a protein that displays the same saccharide specificity as the eel electrolectin and with which it cross-reacts immunologically. MTL is secreted by mouse thymic reticulocytes in tissue culture and its specific activity is markedly increased after depleting the thymus of its thymocytes. This finding is an indication of the possible localization of MTL in the thymic epithelium. These results are discussed in the light of our recent findings that the eel electrolectin has prophylactic and therapeutic actions on the experimental auto immune myasthenia gravis in rabbits. PMID- 6605916 TI - Acid labile type alpha interferon induction by formalinized Staphylococcus aureus (Cowan I) in human mononuclear leukocytes. PMID- 6605915 TI - Cloned T cells recognize Trichinella spiralis antigen in association with an Ek beta Ek alpha restriction element. AB - A method is described for the production of T-cell lines and clones specific for solubilized Trichinella spiralis antigens. These T cells are antigen-specific and do not respond to challenge with a third party antigen (lysozyme). The proliferation responses of the cloned T cells are specifically inhibited by anti I-E but not by anti-I-A subregion monoclonal reagents. The inhibition patterns obtained are consistent with cis-gene complementation in B10.K cells involving the Ek beta-chain and the Ek alpha-chain of the I-E molecule. Inhibition is obtained with an Ek beta-specific monoclonal antibody (H9-14.8) but not with an Ak beta-specific monoclonal antibody (10-2.16). Inhibition was also observed with Ia.7-specific (H40-242) or Ia.22-specific (17-3-3) monoclonal antibodies. The inhibition patterns were confirmed by antigen presentation experiments using recombinant inbred mice. Only B10.K (Ek beta Ek alpha) spleen cells and not B10.A(5R) (Eb beta Ek alpha) or B10.S(9R) (Es beta Ek alpha) spleen cells could effectively present T. spiralis antigens. The role of "hybrid" Ia molecules in the immune response to T. spiralis is discussed. PMID- 6605917 TI - Naturally occurring cerebral athero-arteriosclerotic lesions in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 6605918 TI - Adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients. PMID- 6605919 TI - Peripheral blood T & B lymphocytes during acute rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart disease & streptococcal pharyngitis. PMID- 6605920 TI - Effect of age on testes volume. PMID- 6605921 TI - Prevalence of dermatophytoses in Jabalpur. PMID- 6605922 TI - Acinetobacter calcoaceticus infection in and around manipal (Karnataka). PMID- 6605923 TI - Evidence of mitogenic activity in periodontitis-associated bacteria. AB - This study examines several periodontitis-associated bacterial isolates for the presence of mitogenic activity, as indicated by their capacity to stimulate unsensitized lymphocytes to undergo blastogenesis. Germfree mouse spleen cells responded vigorously to all of the bacterial sonic extracts tested. The kinetics and dose responses to these activators in germfree mouse spleen cell cultures paralleled those seen with the standard murine B-cell mitogen, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. In contrast, Streptokinase-Streptodornase (Varidase; Lederle Laboratories) antigen elicited no response. Human cord blood lymphocytes also responded upon stimulation with these same bacterial isolates but failed to respond to Streptokinase-Streptodornase. The frequency, magnitude, and kinetics of these cord blood lymphocyte responses were remarkably similar to those seen with adult peripheral blood lymphocytes. However, in this and previous studies, individuals with unresponsive peripheral blood lymphocytes have been observed. Studies were initiated to determine whether these unresponsive leukocyte preparations truly lacked the capacity to respond to these bacteria or whether unresponsiveness reflected the presence of a regulatory cell population in these cultures. After the removal of the adherent cells from unresponsive peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures, the nonadherent cells were found to be responsive. Therefore, peripheral blood lymphocyte responsiveness appears to be regulated via an adherent cell population. The removal of adherent cells from unresponsive cord blood lymphocyte preparations resulted in a less consistent alteration to responsiveness. However, cord blood lymphocyte preparations unresponsive at a standard cell density were shown to be responsive at altered cell densities. PMID- 6605924 TI - A set of two monoclonal antibodies specific for the cell surface-exposed 39K major outer membrane protein of Haemophilus influenzae type b defines all strains of this pathogen. AB - Six murine plasma cell hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against the 39,000-molecular-weight (39K) major outer membrane protein of Haemophilus influenzae type b were employed in the antigenic analysis of the 39K protein. The initial characterization of the mabs by radioimmunoprecipitation analysis showed that four of these mabs reacted with antigenic determinants of the 39K protein that are exposed on the bacterial cell surface and accessible to antibody. The other two mabs reacted with antigenic determinants of the 39K protein that are either not exposed on the H. influenzae type b cell surface or not accessible to antibody (internal determinants). A total of 126 clinical isolates of H. influenzae type b obtained from pediatric research centers throughout the United States were examined for reactivity with the six mabs by using a solid-phase radioimmunoassay in which bacterial colony growth from agar plates was placed on filter paper and used as antigen. The reactivities of these strains with two of the mabs recognizing cell surface-exposed antigenic determinants of the 39K protein were used to divide the 126 strains into four different groups. Group 1 strains reacted with mab 12D9, group 2 strains reacted with mab 4C4, group 3 strains reacted with both mabs 12D9 and 4C4, and group 4 strains (only one was found) did not react with either mab. The reactivities of two other mabs recognizing cell surface-exposed antigenic determinants of the 39K protein were used to further divide the four groups into eight subgroups. A single mab recognizing an internal antigenic determinant of the 39K protein reacted with every H. influenzae type b strain examined in this study. These data indicate that only limited antigenic heterogeneity exists among the cell surface exposed antigenic determinants of the 39K outer membrane proteins among H. influenzae type b strains and that at least one internal antigenic determinant of the 39K protein is universally present in all H. influenzae type b strains. Radioimmunoprecipitation analysis also demonstrated that H. influenzae type b strains which lacked a 39K major outer membrane protein possessed a 38K major outer membrane protein which reacted with the anti-39K mabs, indicating that the 38K and 39K outer membrane proteins of different H. influenzae type b strains are antigenically related. PMID- 6605925 TI - Distribution of immunoglobulin-containing cells in normal and neonatally thymectomized rats. AB - The distribution of immunoglobulin-containing cells (ICC) of the immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, and IgM isotypes was examined in various lymphoid and secretory tissues of rats. The effect of neonatal thymectomy of rats on T cells, B cells, and ICC in these tissues was determined by immunofluorescence. The results showed that although T cells were severely depleted in both lymphoid and secretory tissues of the thymectomized (Tx) rats, Tx and normal rats showed comparable numbers of B cells staining for IgA, IgG, and IgM. After neonatal thymectomy, IgA ICC in both lymphoid and secretory tissues were significantly decreased. However, the Tx rats exhibited a compensatory increase in IgM ICC in the identical tissues. Local injection of normal and Tx rats with Streptococcus mutans 6715 resulted in an increase in all isotypes of ICC in the secretory tissues. Although the primary increase in normal rats was due to IgA ICC, Tx rats exhibited the greatest change in the number of IgM ICC. PMID- 6605926 TI - Participation of complement in host defense against capsule-deficient Haemophilus influenzae. AB - To investigate the role of complement in immunity to capsule-deficient Haemophilus influenzae, rats were depleted of C3 with cobra venom factor and challenged with three different strains of capsule-deficient H. influenzae. Two of them (Rd and U1) did not elaborate type b capsular antigen, whereas the other (S2) elaborated 0.16% of the amount made by its type b parent strain. Depletion of C3 significantly enhanced early intravascular bacterial survival after intravenous inoculation and strikingly increased the susceptibility of rats to infection with capsule-deficient H. influenzae. After intraperitoneal inoculation with strain Rd or U1, C3-depleted rats developed bacteremia, whereas control rats did not; challenge with strain S2 resulted in transient bacteremia in normal rats and in death in C3-depleted animals. To determine whether the greater virulence of strain S2, as compared with strain Rd or U1, was accounted for by the small amounts of capsular antigen it elaborated, we also compared its relative virulence to that of three genetically closely related capsule-deficient variants elaborating either small amounts of type b capsule or producing no detectable b antigen. No difference in virulence was observed among these four variants; all C3-depleted rats inoculated developed bacteremia of similar magnitude followed by similar mortality rates. These studies demonstrate a significant role for complement in host defense mechanisms against capsule-deficient H. influenzae and suggest that interstrain differences of virulence are not attributable to residual elaboration of small amounts of type b capsule. PMID- 6605927 TI - Trypanosomiasis in mice with naturally occurring immunodeficiencies. AB - By using mice with naturally occurring defects, we have shown that an intact macrophage system is crucial to survival with the pathogenic protozoan Trypanosoma rhodesiense, since a defect in these cells decreased survival by half. Deficiencies in natural killer cell function or complement levels had no effect on survival. However, the capacity to survive trypanosomiasis was not related to the levels of parasitemia achieved during infection. PMID- 6605928 TI - Soluble peptidoglycan from Staphylococcus aureus is a murine B-lymphocyte mitogen. AB - Soluble peptidoglycan from Staphylococcus aureus has been shown to be capable of causing murine B lymphocytes from the spleen to proliferate and to secrete immunoglobulins in both an in vitro and an in vivo assay. The optimal concentration in vitro was between 33 and 100 micrograms/ml. A 3-day incubation with soluble peptidoglycan was more stimulatory than was a 1- or 2-day incubation. Removal of most of the T lymphocytes with anti-theta serum did not result in any significant change in the mitogenic activity of soluble peptidoglycan on the remaining B cells. PMID- 6605929 TI - Induction of interleukin 1 secretion by adjuvant-active peptidoglycans. AB - The ability of differently structured, purified peptidoglycans (PG) to induce interleukin 1 (IL1) secretion was compared. PG from Bacillus megaterium and Staphylococcus aureus stimulated the production of IL1 by mouse peritoneal macrophages and human adherent mononuclear cells, whereas PG from Micrococcus lysodeikticus and Corynebacterium poinsettiae were inactive. There was a correlation between the ability of PG to induce IL1 secretion and previously demonstrated immunoenhancing activities (adjuvant effect, increase of resistance to tumor growth) of PG. PG solubilization by lysozyme decreased but did not abolish the PG effect on IL1 secretion. Active PG induced IL1 production in nude mice and in the C3H/HeJ strain (which is unresponsive to lipopolysaccharides). PMID- 6605930 TI - Modulation of myelopoiesis in vivo by synthetic adjuvant-active muramyl peptides: induction of colony-stimulating activity and stimulation of stem cell proliferation. AB - Modulation of myelopoiesis by three synthetic muramyl peptides was investigated in vivo. Two adjuvant-active compounds (N-acetylmuramyl dipeptide [MDP] and MDP butyl-ester) elicited significant responses in DBA/2 mice characterized by a rise in the level of monocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity in serum, a proliferation of multipotential stem cells in the bone marrow, and an expansion of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors in the spleen. In contrast, the adjuvant inactive stereoisomer MDP(D-D) induced only low levels of circulating colony stimulating activity. Thus, MDP or MDP-butyl-ester injection could induce a greater number of macrophages and therefore enhance both specific and nonspecific immunity. PMID- 6605931 TI - Accessory cell function of liver granuloma macrophages of Schistosoma mansoni infected mice. AB - In murine schistosomiasis mansoni, the inflammatory macrophage comprises 30% of the granuloma which forms around parasite eggs in the tissue. These granuloma macrophages (GR-Mphi) displayed dense Fc and C3 receptors, and about 50% expressed H-2I region-encoded determinants (Ia antigens). These GR-Mphi were able to effectively reconstitute the burro erythrocyte-specific immunoglobulin M and G antibody response of primed macrophage-depleted spleen cells. However, in contrast to splenic macrophages, GR-Mphi gave only minimal reconstitution of the primary immunoglobulin M response. The reconstitution of the T-cell proliferative response to L-glutamic60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10, an antigen under Ir gene control, was also observed when GR-Mphi were added to purified lymph node T cells. The addition of a monoclonal antibody recognizing a determinant on the Ia complex effectively blocked L-glutamic60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 presentation by GR-Mphi. These studies demonstrated that inflammatory GR-Mphi could function as antigen-presenting cells and that this accessory function was mediated by H-2I region gene products. PMID- 6605932 TI - Monocyte-derived soluble suppressor factor(s) in patients with lepromatous leprosy. AB - Peripheral blood monocytes from polar lepromatous leprosy (LL) patients were unable to support Mycobacterium leprae-induced in vitro lymphoproliferation of HLA-D-matched T cells from tuberculoid leprosy subjects, whereas those from responder individuals were able to do so. Monocyte-rich adherent cells from untreated LL patients released de novo soluble factors which inhibited antigen induced lymphoproliferation to a greater extent and mitogenic responses to a lesser extent. Suppressive activity varied in different LL patients. However, the degree of suppression was similar in soluble factors obtained de novo and after treatment of adherent cells with heat-killed and freshly extracted, cryopreserved M. leprae. Treated patients showed less inhibition with de novo released soluble factors (27 +/- 7.7%) as compared to parallel soluble factors obtained after antigen treatment (44 +/- 4.8%) or with de novo soluble factors from untreated LL patients (62 +/- 14.2%). Similar supernatants from tuberculoid individuals showed no or insignificant effects on antigen-induced lymphoproliferation. The suppressive activity of LL soluble factors was produced for up to 72 h, was heat stable at 56 degrees C for 30 min, was indomethacin resistant, and resided in the greater than 25,000 molecular weight fraction. PMID- 6605933 TI - Persistence of influenza as an immunogen in pulmonary antigen-presenting cells. AB - Influenza antigens inoculated into the lung induce local immune responses. It has been proposed that this induction might be partly regulated by local antigen presenting cells. The purpose of the current study was to inoculate heat inactivated influenza virus into the tracheae of guinea pigs and determine the quantity of antigens that became cell-associated. Second, we determined how long antigen-presenting bronchoalveolar cells that had taken up virus in vivo retained their ability to specifically stimulate virus-immune T lymphocytes. Radioiodinated heat-inactivated influenza virus was inoculated into the tracheae of guinea pigs. The animals were killed from 30 min to 14 days after intratracheal inoculation, and radioactivity was determined in cells isolated from lung tissue. At least one-third of the radioactivity in the lungs was cell associated from 1 to 14 days post-inoculation. In separate studies, heat inactivated virus was inoculated into the airways of guinea pigs, and animals were killed at various times thereafter. Bronchoalveolar cells from these animals were compared with those from uninoculated controls in their ability to specifically stimulate virus-immune T cells to proliferate in vitro. Bronchoalveolar cells from virus-inoculated animals specifically stimulated T lymphocytes for up to 7 days after virus inoculation. These studies suggest that immunogenic virus persists in the lung within antigen-presenting cells for at least 1 week and possibly for up to 2 weeks. The persisting immunogenic stimulus after the termination of viral infections might be critical in ensuring the development of a local protective immune response. PMID- 6605934 TI - [Effect of a He-O2 gas mixture on respiration, hemodynamics and pulmonary gas exchange during postoperative ventilation of patients following heart surgery]. PMID- 6605935 TI - The sympathetic dystrophies. PMID- 6605936 TI - Neurosurgical treatment of chronic pain. PMID- 6605937 TI - Physical measures useful in pain management. PMID- 6605938 TI - Management of acute and postoperative pain. PMID- 6605939 TI - Effects in mice of rat bromelain-treated RBC and lipopolysaccharide on autoantibody production against bromelain-treated isologous RBC. AB - Autoantibody production against mouse bromelain-treated (brom) red blood cells (RBC) was significantly increased in mice injected with rat brom RBC. These autoantibodies were not adsorbed by rat brom RBC in serological assays and did not lyse rat brom RBC in plaque-forming cell (PFC) assays using mixtures of rat brom RBC and mouse brom RBC as targets. These data suggest that the increased response induced by rat brom RBC is not due to the presence of common, or similar, antigens on the two types of RBC. The spleens of mice injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or with both LPS and rat brom RBC, had a markedly increased number of PFC lysing mouse brom RBC. About 20% of the PFC induced by LPS and rat brom RBC also lysed rat brom RBC. The autoimmune response was not increased in mice injected twice with rat brom RBC and the secondary response induced by two injections of LPS was lower than that induced by one injection of LPS. However, injection of LPS after an initial challenge with rat brom RBC induced an autoimmune response similar in size to that induced by LPS alone. The decreased secondary response against mouse brom RBC following a second injection of rat brom RBC was associated with decreased production of antibodies of various specificities as detected in a reverse PFC assay. These results do not support the hypothesis that the poor secondary responses against mouse brom RBC following a second injection of rat brom RBC are due to the exhaustive differentiation of autoimmune B cells as part of a fail-safe mechanism to prevent autoimmunity. PMID- 6605940 TI - The reactivities of Bauhinia purpurea and Lens culinaris lectins to mouse B Lymphocytes and their subsets. AB - The use of lectins for the separation of murine spleen lymphocyte subsets was examined. Bauhinia purpurea agglutinin was found to be effective for the enrichment of B cells by differential agglutination. When the differential agglutination technique using lectins was applied to the separation of B cell subsets, Lens culinaris agglutinin was found to be able to fractionate B cells into high responding and low responding subsets for dextran sulfate. A different expression of cell surface IgD was also observed between the cell populations showing different agglutinability with Lens culinaris agglutinin. PMID- 6605941 TI - Clinical effectiveness of apheresis in the treatment of progressive systemic sclerosis. AB - Scleroderma is a chronic disease of unknown origin characterized by diffuse sclerosis of the connective tissue of the integument and other organs. As in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis and dermatomyositis, a variety of antibodies may be found in the serum, suggesting that immune mechanisms may be involved. In two uremic patients with scleroderma, the effects were studied of the removal, by pheresis, of antinuclear antibodies, immune complexes, and immunoglobulin factors perpetuating the inflammatory response. We used a membrane plasmapheresis with a hollow-fiber type plasmafilter (Plasmaflo, Asahi) connected online with a hemofilter for conventional dialysis. The aim of this preliminary study was to induce a remission of the edematous inflammatory phase. The correlation of a improvement in clinical response and a decrease in the levels of immune complexes or other factors of inflammation was observed. In our view membrane-plasmapheresis is a process safely carried out by the hemodialysis staff and it may be of clinical effectiveness, especially, in patients with life-threatening complications of progressive systemic sclerosis. PMID- 6605942 TI - Karyotype evolution in B-cell lymphoid malignancy with an 8;14 translocation. AB - To evaluate the significance of karyotypic evolution of tumor cells with an 8;14 translocation [t(8;14)(q24;q32)], we examined the clinicopathologic features and immunologic phenotypes of nine Japanese patients with various types of B-cell malignancy with the translocation. All these patients had structural rearrangements of the long arm of chromosome No. I (Iq) in a stem line or the subline of tumor cells with a t(8;14). The rearrangements were composed of a translocation involving Iq with other chromosomes and a tandem duplication of Iq, and they were exclusively associated with a partial trisomy for Iq. Two patients with diffuse large-cell lymphoma, whose tumor cells did not express surface immunoglobulins (s-Ig), had the Iq translocation in their highly complex karyotypes. Tumor cells from the other seven patients expressed s-Ig and the karyotypes were relatively simple. Among these patients, the Iq translocation was found in two patients with Burkitt's lymphoma, and the Iq duplication were observed in a stem line or the sublines from four patients with Burkitt's lymphoma-leukemia and one each with small non-cleaved-cell or diffuse large-cell lymphoma. Except for one patient in the stage of IE, these patients had a poor prognosis because of the clinical conversion of extranodal metastases in the earlier disease phase. These findings are compatible with those of Western patients with a t(8;14). Therefore, tumor cells marked primarily with a t(8;14) could have "major routes" in the karyotypic evolution, for which potentials should be recognized as clinical risk factors, and the morphologic presentation and the expression of surface immunoglobulins may be associated with the process of karyotypic evolution. PMID- 6605943 TI - Eyewitness. PMID- 6605944 TI - Reliability and validity of adolescent self-reported drug use in a family-based study: a methodological report. AB - Given the sensitive topic of drug abuse and the private nature of the family, researchers must overcome a number of methodological obstacles when studying drug abuse and the family. The purpose of this study was to determine whether adolescents would provide honest and accurate answers to drug use questions in the context of their homes with their families participating in the same survey. Although there is no direct objective validation of the self-report measures used in this study, evidence from the analysis of the survey data suggests that adolescent self-reports are, in most cases, reliable and valid, and that the setting in which respondents complete questionnaires does not, in general, result in systematic reporting bias. PMID- 6605945 TI - Radiosensitivity of human T-lymphocytes proliferating in long term culture. AB - A method is described for determining the radiation sensitivity of dividing human T-lymphocytes in long-term culture. The results are fitted to a single-hit multi target model. For cobalt-60 gamma radiation Do values of cells from five normal individuals range from 0.99 to 1.37 Gy with an overall Do of 1.09 Gy, and the extrapolation numbers range from 1.20 to 1.71 with an overall extrapolation number of 1.42. PMID- 6605946 TI - Dose-response models for the radiation-induction of skin tumours in mice. AB - Extensive data on radiation-induced skin tumours in mice were examined using 8 models, all based on the concept that incidences of radiation-induced tumours depend on a combination of two radiation effects: a tumour induction process and the loss of reproductive integrity by the potential tumour cells. Models with and without a threshold were used, in spite of theoretical objections to threshold models. No model fitted well both the epidermal and the dermal tumour data and models which proved to be statistically satisfactory for some of the data were rejected for biological reasons. It is concluded that, for skin tumours, dose response curves depending on a combination of cancer induction and loss of cellular reproductive integrity are distorted by some special, relatively radio resistant, factor which we have previously postulated as being involved in radiation skin carcinogenesis. PMID- 6605947 TI - The radiosensitivity of the guinea-pig spinal cord to X-rays: the effect of retreatment at one year and the effect of age at the time of irradiation. AB - Day-old guinea-pigs were given a non-paralysing dose of 10 Gy X-rays to the lumbar spinal cord. One year later there was no evidence of any residual radiation damage as the dose required to produce paralysis was the same for these animals as for others not previously irradiated. When given a single dose only, guinea-pigs irradiated when 1 day old became paralysed after lower doses and with shorter latencies than those irradiated at 1 year. When irradiated at 30 days of age, the dose inducing paralysis was the same as at 1 year of age, but the latency period was shorter and similar to guinea-pigs irradiated at 1 day old. Thus at 30 days of age, adult radiotolerance had been acquired but latencies were still as short as in neonates. Whatever the age at irradiation, changes in latency for paralysis were closely related to changes in histopathological lesions in the cord and both were related to dose. White matter necrosis always occurred after higher doses and after shorter latencies than diffuse vacuolar demyelination. PMID- 6605948 TI - The kinetics of in situ repair in rat mammary cells. AB - The kinetics of in situ repair (ISR) was investigated in normal rat mammary epithelial cells exposed in vivo to 8 Gy 137 Cs gamma rays. ISR as measured by transplantation assay was completed by 4 hours after exposure. Although ISR in the three normal epithelial cell types thus far tested differs from repair of potentially lethal damage in tumour cells and cultured fibroblasts in that it affects the shoulder and not the slope of the survival curve, the current study shows that the time course of ISR resembles that for repair of potentially lethal damage in both tumours and fibroblasts. PMID- 6605949 TI - Radiosensitivity of the cells of an established human melanoma cell line and the parent melanoma xenograft. AB - Survival curves of cells from a human melanoma xenograft (E.F.) and a cell line (FME) established from this xenograft were determined. The cells of the established line were harvested from exponentially growing cultures, plateau phase cultures or solid tumours in athymic mice (FME-X) before irradiation. During irradiation the cells were kept suspended in culture medium. The colony forming ability of the cells was assayed in soft agar. The Do-value was significantly higher for the parent xenograft than for the established line, whether grown in vitro or in vivo (p less than 0.0001). In addition, the Dq-value was significantly lower for the xenograft than for exponentially growing cultures of the established line (p less than 0.05). Thus the radiation response of the cells of the established line was not representative for that of the cells from the parent xenograft. It is concluded that survival curves for established cell lines should be used with great caution in attempts to predict the radiocurability of human tumours of corresponding histological type. PMID- 6605950 TI - Whole body hyperthermia with a microwave regional boost: unexpected toxicity in the pig. AB - An animal model was used to investigate the potential for delivering a regional temperature boost using microwave energy after whole body hyperthermia had been induced in a pig using low density, radiant heat. Thermal profiles and an unexpected toxicity in the region of the microwave energy deposition, which included the heart and liver, are reported. PMID- 6605951 TI - Nonprotein thiols and the radiation response of A549 human lung carcinoma cells. AB - Glutathione (GSH)-depletion by buthionine sulphoximine (BSO) altered both the aerobic and anaerobic radiation response of A549 human lung cancer cells grown in vitro. The oxygen enhancement ratio (o.e.r) was increased slightly from 3.0-3.3. The lack of an effect of GSH-depletion on o.e.r. reduction, provides a system whereby the mechanism of action of the thiol reactive reagent diethylmaleate (DEM) can be investigated. Pretreatment of cells with DEM, under non-toxic concentrations, removed 13 per cent of the intracellular NPSH and resulted in an o.e.r. of 2. When BSO followed by DEM was used, so that both GSH and NPSH were reduced to zero, an o.e.r. of 1.5 was obtained. Cells treated with 1 mM BSO for 24 hours contained 10 per cent NPSH and no GSH. When these cells were exposed to 0.5 or 1 mM DEM briefly, during irradiation, the o.e.r. was 2.4 and 1.7 respectively. In some cases altered o.e.r.s occurred in combination with increased aerobic responses. This was especially true for aerobic irradiations of BSO-treated cells in the presence or absence of DEM. However, the increased aerobic response was offset by a more dramatic increase in the hypoxic response. These results indicate (a) that GSH plays a significant role in aerobic radiation response but is not a principal factor in o.e.r.-reduction, and (b) that reduction of the o.e.r. by DEM is not due primarily to GSH-removal. The preferential radiosensitization of hypoxic cells by DEM may involve reactions of this compound with NPSH or protein SH, or may be related to the ability of DEM to mimic oxygen as a hypoxic cell radiosensitizer. PMID- 6605952 TI - Radiosensitization of hypoxic HeLa S3 cells in vitro by a new type of radiosensitizer: spermine and spermidine amides with nitro groups. AB - A new type of hypoxic cell sensitizer (FNT-series compounds) has been developed and tested on HeLa S3 cells. They have two nitrobenzoyl groups at both ends of the spermine or spermidine in their chemical structures. Their ability to sensitize hypoxic cells is greater than that of misonidazole. Among them, N1, N10 bis(4-nitrobenzoyl)-spermidine (FNT-1) was most effective. 1 mM FNT-1 gave a corrected enhancement ratio of 1.71 compared to 1.32 for the same concentration of misonidazole. Its electron affinity, in terms of the half-wave reduction potential, was - 350 mV and higher than that of misonidazole (-395 mV). These FNT series compounds are thought to interact with DNA in two ways; noncovalent linkage between the basic groups of the polyamine and highly acidic phosphate moieties of the nucleic acid and, secondly, the insertion of the nitrobenzoyl groups between base pairs of the DNA double helix. Since spermine and spermidine themselves did not show any sensitizing activities, it is suggested that the nitrobenzoyl groups which are introduced in spermine and spermidine, play an important role in sensitization. PMID- 6605953 TI - Radiation-induced reduction of nitroimidazole derivatives in aqueous solution. AB - The radiation-induced reduction of N1-alkyl substituted 2- and 5-nitroimidazoles in aqueous solution containing sodium formate or 2-propanol was studied at pH 7.0 +/- 0.1 under deaerated conditions. Irrespective of 2- or 5-nitroimidazole, N1 unsubstituted nitroimidazoles (2-nitro-(1a), 4(5)-nitro-(2a), 2-methyl-4(5)-nitro (3a), and 4(5)-methyl-5(4)-nitro- (4a) imidazoles) were reduced stepwise to consume 6 electrons per molecule, whereas N1-alkyl substituted nitroimidazoles (1 methyl-2-nitro (5a) and 1-methyl-5-nitro (6a) imidazoles, misonidazole (7a), and metronidazole (8a] reacted with consumption of 4 electrons. In accord with the stoichiometry for the reduction of N1-unsubstituted nitroimidazoles, the formation of the amino derivatives of (1a)-(4a) was shown by HPLC or colour identification tests. 4-Electron-reduction products of N1-alkyl substituted 2 nitroimidazoles (5a) and (7a) were characterized by 13C and 1H n.m.r. and FDMS measurements, indicating that the hydroxyamino derivative of (5a) as a 4-electron reduction product isomerizes to an oxime form. The formation of an analogous oxime-type product was also suggested for (7a) together with a product bearing the partially cleaved imidizole ring. The HPLC analysis showed that 4-electron reduction products of N1-alkyl substituted 5-nitroimidazoles (6a) and (8a) are unstable relative to those of the corresponding 2-nitroimidazoles (5a) and (7a). PMID- 6605954 TI - Pain problems in rehabilitation medicine. PMID- 6605955 TI - Differences in T-lymphocyte subpopulations between autoimmune dermato polymyositis and dermato-polymyositis associated with malignancy. PMID- 6605956 TI - Spontaneous pseudocystogastrostomy as a cause of gastrointestinal bleeding. Management by selective embolization. AB - A case of pancreatic bleeding pseudocyst communicating with the stomach, developing after post-operative acute pancreatitis is reported. The successful treatment by selective embolization is described and alternative methods of management are reviewed. PMID- 6605957 TI - The localization of histochemical and autoradiographic products in the scanning electron microscope by means of atomic number contrast. AB - The role of atomic number contrast and backscattered imaging in the localization of histochemical products and reagents is reviewed. Particular attention is given to the localization of enzymatically released products. A backscattered imaging method is presented which permits the simultaneous demonstration of two label elements in a cryosection examined in the scanning electron microscope. An azo dye method for the localization of acid phosphatase is combined with an autoradiographic technique for demonstrating [3H]thymidine incorporation. Atomic number contrast, produced by backscattered electrons, permits the detection of a bromine-labelled azo dye, denoting sites of acid phosphatase activity within a cryosection and the simultaneous display of the sites of the silver deposited in an overlying photographic emulsion. The former reveals acid phosphatase to be predominantly associated with thymocyte death and macrophage activity in mouse thymus. The latter pin-points the thymocytes as the main sites of [3H]thymidine incorporation. Atomic number contrast has a useful potential for differentiating between spatially separated histochemical products of differing atomic number in a structural context and also allows a flexible degree of subsurface localization. PMID- 6605958 TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of the serotonin-containing subependymal cells in the frog hypothalamus. AB - The localization of serotonin(5HT)-containing subependymal cells was demonstrated by immunochemistry. The 5HT-containing subependymal cells were predominantly located in the paraventricular organ, while a small number of them were situated in the nucleus infundibularis dorsalis. The basal processes of these 5HT cells of the paraventricular organs appeared to have contact with the wall of blood vessels. The result was discussed in comparison with that obtained by the formaldehyde induced fluorescence (FIF) method. PMID- 6605959 TI - Esophageal/gastric leiomyoma in the laboratory Beagle. AB - In a colony of 306 laboratory Beagles, gastric leiomyoma was diagnosed at necropsy (n = 69) and by biopsy (n = 1). The prevalence in males and females was nearly identical (23% and 22%, respectively). The neoplasm was strongly age related (P less than 0.001) and was seen in 82.4% of dogs aged 17 to 18 years. In contrast to malignant gastric tumors that generally are found in the distal two thirds of the stomach, the leiomyomas were found at the esophageal/gastric junction in 94% of cases. Clinical signs could not be specifically attributed to these masses, though their recognition was important in the differential diagnosis from other more serious gastric neoplasms. PMID- 6605960 TI - Surgical correction of a luxated cataractous lens in a barred owl. PMID- 6605961 TI - In vitro and in vivo evaluation of MDL 19,592, an oral cephalosporin. AB - MDL 19,592 is a new semisynthetic cephalosporin with a good therapeutic potential against Gram-positive bacterial infections when administered orally or parenterally. In the oral treatment of benzylpenicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in mice, MDL 19,592 was superior to cephalexin, cephradine, cefaclor, cefadroxil and cefroxadine. These in vivo results reflect the in vitro superiority expressed by MDL 19,592 over the other oral cephalosporins against staphylococci. Additionally, MDL 19,592 orally was superior to cefazolin and cephalothin administered subcutaneously and to a number of penicillinase resistant penicillins given orally or subcutaneously in the treatment of S. aureus mouse infections. MDL 19,592 killed S. aureus cells at the same or faster rate than did cephalexin or cephradine. As compared to cephalexin, MDL 19,592 was marginally superior in vitro against Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae. In vivo, MDL 19,592 was significantly the more effective of the two against S. pyogenes and marginally more effective against S. pneumoniae. Against Gram-negative organisms, with the exception of Haemophilus influenzae, cephalexin was the more potent of the two antibiotics both in vitro and in vivo. Administered orally to mice, MDL 19,592 was absorbed as rapidly as cephalexin with both drugs attaining similar concentrations in the blood. MDL 19,592, like cephalexin, was minimally bound by mouse serum. PMID- 6605962 TI - Antagonism between cefoxitin and other beta-lactams: a new perspective. PMID- 6605963 TI - Intracellular penetration and antimicrobial activity of antibiotics. AB - Delayed response or recurrence of clinical infections may, in part, be due to the inability of certain antibiotics to penetrate human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and exert intracellular antibacterial activity. We determined the penetration of PMN by certain hydrophilic and certain lipophilic antibiotics, and assessed their activity against intracellular Haemophilus influenzae, type b or Staphylococcus aureus. We found that penicillin G was excluded from human PMN while chloramphenicol was concentrated within these cells; chloramphenicol killed significantly more intracellular H. influenzae than did penicillin or ampicillin. Clindamycin and trimethoprim penetrated into normal and chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) PMN equally and were at least transiently concentrated in the cells. Clindamycin and the combinations trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim/rifampicin were most effective in killing intracellular Staph. aureus in vitro; these antibiotics reduced the bacterial density in CGD PMN to values comparable to those in normal PMN. The mechanism by which clindamycin and rifampicin killed intracellular Staph. aureus appeared to be due to direct antimicrobial activity. Antibiotics that penetrate into phagocytes may be more effective in infections due to pathogens capable of intracellular survival. PMID- 6605964 TI - Splenic vein thromobosis: a diagnostic dilemma. PMID- 6605965 TI - Clinical differences between schizophrenic patients with and without large cerebral ventricles. AB - In a group of 55 chronic schizophrenic men aged 20-45 years, the mean ventricle to brain ratio (VBR) on computerized tomographic brain scan was significantly greater than in 27 matched control subjects. A clinical comparison was then conducted between the schizophrenic patients with VBRs above (N = 19) or below (N = 36) 2 SD from the control mean. No differences were found in age of onset, premorbid history, duration of illness, severity of illness, response to neuroleptic drug treatment, presence of positive or negative symptoms, substance abuse, or cognitive testing. However patients with VBRs greater than 2 SD above the mean were significantly older and had a significantly higher frequency of history of schizophrenia in a first-degree relative. PMID- 6605966 TI - Actin and actin-associated proteins of rabbit liver cell. AB - Rabbit liver actin and its associated proteins were prepared and their properties were studied. Liver cells were isolated from excised rabbit liver after perfusion in situ with calcium-free Lock's solution. Dried powder of acetone-treated liver cells was extracted with a buffer previously used to extract actin from skeletal muscle. The liver actin was recovered by adding skeletal myosin to trap actin as actomyosin and the resulting complex was purified by centrifugation. The actin was then dissociated from myosin by adding MgATP and was purified by centrifugation. This fraction showed the characteristic properties of F-actin and was composed of 42K, 53K, and 61K proteins. Further fractionation of these proteins into three components was carried out by centrifugation, DNase-1 affinity chromatography, and preparative gel electrophoresis. The 42K protein proved to be actin since it activated the myosin Mg2+-ATPase activity, interacted with DNase-1, and had a very similar amino acid composition to skeletal muscle actin. In these experiments, binding affinity among these proteins was apparent. Analysis of subcellular fractions combined with the above results indicated that the liver cell 53K and 61K proteins were not soluble fraction components in the cytosol. The physicochemical properties of 53K and 61K proteins were compared with those of gizzard desmin, a typical intermediate filament protein. PMID- 6605967 TI - Disulfide bridges in an alpha-amylase inhibitor from wheat kernel. AB - An alpha-amylase inhibitor (0.53-inhibitor) was digested with pepsin and the cystine-containing peptides were isolated by SP-Sephadex C-25 column chromatography and high voltage paper electrophoresis. Amino acid compositions and partial sequences of these peptides and amino acid compositions of the peptides separated after performic acid oxidation revealed the presence of 4 disulfide bonds in the inhibitor. They were formed between residues 6 and 115, 20 and either 41 or 42, 99 and either 41 or 42, and 28 and 83. The disulfide bond partners of residues 20 and 99 were not conclusively determined because of the difficulty of cleavage of the Cys-Cys bond at residues 41 and 42. Among 9 cysteines in this inhibitor Cys-54 must be in a free form, since no evidence was obtained for its contribution to disulfide bond formation. PMID- 6605968 TI - Epidermal growth factor-like transforming growth factor. I. Isolation, chemical characterization, and potentiation by other transforming factors from feline sarcoma virus-transformed rat cells. AB - An acid-stable transforming growth factor (TGF) that interacts with epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors and is structurally related to EGF was isolated from serum-free culture fluids of Snyder-Theilen feline sarcoma virus-transformed rat embryo (FeSV-Fre) cells. Purification of this EGF-like TGF (eTGF) was achieved by molecular filtration chromatography and successive reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography steps on octadecyl support eluted with acetonitrile and 1-propanol gradients, respectively. Rat eTGF consists of a 7.4 kD single polypeptide chain that co-migrates with biological activity in dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels. Like preparations of a related TGF from human melanoma cells (Marquardt, H., and Todaro, G.J. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 5220-5225), but unlike EGF from rat, human, or mouse, rat eTGF has phenylalanine and lacks methionine. However, the sequence of the first 30 amino acid residues in rat eTGF is H2N-Val-Val-Ser-His-Phe-Asn-Lys-Cys-Pro-Asp-Ser-His Thr-Gln-Tyr-Cys-Phe-His-Gly - Thr-(x)-Arg-Phe-Leu-Val-Gln-Glu-Glu-(Lys)-(Lys)-, which is significantly (20% and 28%) homologous to the NH2-terminal region of mouse EGF and human EGF, respectively. In addition to eTGF, molecular filtration chromatography of acid-soluble extracts from medium conditioned by FeSV-Fre cells resolved a 14-kD transforming factor(s) apparently devoid of intrinsic mitogenic activity but able to elicit a strong anchorage-independent growth response in the presence of eTGF or EGF. These results show that: 1) a 7.4-kDa TGF structurally and functionally related to EGF has been isolated from FeSV-Fre cells and 2) the full anchorage-independent growth-promoting activity of medium conditioned by FeSV-Fre cells is due to the coordinate action of at least two types of factors, the 7.4-kDa eTGF and a second 14-kDa transforming factor(s). PMID- 6605970 TI - Localised immune complexes and slipped upper femoral epiphysis. AB - Slipped upper femoral epiphysis remains a disease of unknown aetiology. Recent evidence has bolstered speculation that the immune system may play a role in the aetiology or pathogenesis of slipped epiphysis or of one of its complications, chondrolysis. This study reports the finding of immune complexes in the synovial fluid of all but one hip affected with slipped epiphysis in a consecutive series. In seven patients, immune complexes were detected by both the Raji cell assay and C1q-binding assay; in two, by the C1q-assay only; and in one, by the Raji cell assay only. No patients had immune complexes in the serum. Twenty-one patients with synovitis of the knee or hip caused by a variety of disorders served as the control group. Two of these patients had immune complexes in their synovial fluid. It appears that the immune complexes characterise the synovitis found with slipped upper femoral epiphysis as distinct from most other synovitides. PMID- 6605969 TI - The T8 antigen is a multimeric complex of two distinct subunits on human thymocytes but consists of homomultimeric forms on peripheral blood T lymphocytes. AB - Monoclonal antibodies allow for the detection of structures on the cell surface of human cytotoxic thymus-derived lymphocytes, which are involved in their function. Among these cell surface components, T8 is of particular interest, since it is required during the recognition of target cells by a subset of human cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The only other cell types on which T8 has been detected are functionally inert thymocytes. Here we demonstrate that T8 isolated from peripheral blood T lymphocytes is different from thymocyte T8. On peripheral blood T lymphocytes T8 was found in multimeric forms of a 34-kDa glycoprotein. These forms were also found on thymocytes, but in addition multimeric complexes of the 34-kDa T8 with a 46-kDa protein were detected. Preliminary chemical analyses showed that the 34-kDa and the 46-kDa forms differ in both their protein and carbohydrate structures. The 46-kDa structure was found to be distinct from the major thymocyte antigen T10. The interchain disulfide bridges between the 34 kDa T8 polypeptide are located in the 24-kDa CNBr fragment, which contains a hydrophobic region. Two (14 kDa and 20 kDa) of the three CNBr fragments of the 46 kDa T8 subunit were found to be involved in interchain disulfide bridging with the 34-kDa T8 species. We suggest that the switch from heteromultimers to homomultimers may occur concomitantly with the last step in T lymphocyte maturation. PMID- 6605971 TI - Analysis of the antimalarial, mefloquine, in blood and plasma using high performance liquid chromatography. AB - An analytical method is described for the quantitation of mefloquine, a new antimalarial agent, in plasma and blood. A structurally similar quinolinemethanol compound, WR 184,806, is used as the internal standard. The method employs a three-step extraction procedure followed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and octanesulfonate is used as an ion-pairing reagent. Detection is achieved at 222 nm. The entire procedure is relatively simple and requires only 1 ml of sample. Good accuracy and precision are obtained over the wide concentration range tested. PMID- 6605972 TI - Corticotropin-releasing factor: pharmacokinetics in man. AB - Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), a 41-amino acid peptide isolated and sequenced from ovine hypothalami, has potential clinical application as a provocative test of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. To define its pharmacokinetic parameters in man, we measured the MCR and plasma half-life of immunoreactive CRF (IR-CRF) by the pulse injection and continuous infusion methods. Synthetic ovine CRF was given to 12 normal men as a bolus injection (1 microgram/kg; n = 6) or as a continuous infusion (0.51 +/- 0.05 micrograms/kg X h; n = 6) over 8 h. The disappearance curve of IR-CRF from plasma was biexponential. The plasma half-life of IR-CRF was 11.6 +/- 1.5 min (mean +/- SE) for the fast component and 73 +/- 8 min for the slow component. The MCR using the pulse injection technique was 95 +/- 11 liters/m2 X day, and the volume of distribution was 6.2 +/- 0.5 liters. Continuous infusion of CRF gave approximately the same MCR (88 +/- 7 liters/m2 X day). A small percentage of IR CRF (approximately 0.03%) was found in the urine at the end of the continuous infusion. The relatively low MCR of CRF may explain its prolonged biological action in primates and man. PMID- 6605973 TI - A microassay for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D not requiring high performance liquid chromatography: application to clinical studies. AB - This report describes a microassay for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] in plasma which does not require high performance liquid chromatography. The assay involves rapid extraction and preliminary purification on a C-18 Sep-Pak cartridge, followed by final purification on a silica Sep-Pak using hexane isopropanol. Quantitation of 1,25-(OH)2D is achieved using a nonequilibrium assay employing 1,25-(OH)2D receptor from calf thymus. The method is sensitive to 1.5 pg/tube, with B50 occurring at 9 pg/tube and a useful assay range of 1.5-40 pg/tube. The intra- and interassay coefficients of variation are 6.5% and 11.5%, respectively, and the method is linear over a wide range of sample dilutions. In addition, this assay measures both 1,25-(OH)2D2 and 1,25-(OH)2D3 with equal affinity. The importance of using an assay with equal affinity for 1,25-(OH)2D2 and 1,25-(OH)2D3 is demonstrated by the findings that 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (250HD2) constituted 38.9% of the total 25-OHD found in clinical samples (12.6 +/ 0.7 ng/ml 25-OHD2 vs. 20.1 +/- 0.5 ng/ml 25-OHD3; n = 807). Results of this new assay have been compared to those of the assay of Horst et al. (21), which employs Sephadex LH-20 and high performance liquid chromatography sample purification. The correlation coefficient was r2 = 0.96, and the slope was 1.05. Using this new assay, plasma 1,25-(OH)2D concentrations were as follows: normal adults, 37.4 +/- 2.2 pg/ml (n = 22); chronic renal failure, 10.6 +/- 1.5 pg/ml (n = 7); anephrics, undetectable (n = 10); infant cord blood, 22.9 +/- 4.4 pg/ml (n = 7); and hyperparathyroidism, 68.9 +/- 5.0 pg/ml (n = 13). This assay should be particularly useful in pediatric or other studies in which sample size is limited. PMID- 6605974 TI - Reliability of in vitro susceptibility tests for detecting coagulase-negative staphylococcal resistance to penicillinase-resistant semisynthetic penicillins. AB - The reliabilities of five in vitro susceptibility tests (agar dilution, broth microdilution, automated MS-2, Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion, and ability to grow on methicillin-containing agar) to predict the susceptibility of 204 coagulase negative staphylococcal isolates to penicillinase-resistant semisynthetic penicillins were compared. There was wide variation in susceptibility, with results ranging from 86.3% susceptible by MS-2 to 38.2% by growth on methicillin containing agar. The results of the broth dilution techniques, including the MS 2, were significantly different (P less than 0.02) from the remaining tests. Nafcillin disks were less effective (P less than 0.02) than oxacillin disks in predicting resistance. Kirby-Bauer oxacillin disks and the ability to grow on methicillin-containing agar were the most reliable predictors of resistance. The MS-2 did not reliably predict resistance. PMID- 6605975 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of capsular antibodies against Haemophilus influenzae type b: comparison with radioimmunoassay. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is described for detection of anti capsular antibodies against Haemophilus influenzae type b. Polyribosephosphate was covalently bonded to poly-L-lysine before adsorption to microtiter plates. ELISA immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M anti-polyribosephosphate antibody titers were comparable to total anti-polyribosephosphate antibody concentration determined by radioimmunoassay. The ELISA technique will be useful for further investigations of host response to infections due to H. influenzae type b but is not intended to be used as a serological method for documenting H. influenzae type b infections. PMID- 6605976 TI - Interlaboratory variation of antibiograms of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains with conventional and commercial testing systems. AB - Laboratory-prepared (conventional) and commercial susceptibility testing systems were compared by using a group of methicillin-resistant (MR) and methicillin susceptible (MS) strains of Staphylococcus aureus. A group of 25 MR and 15 MS S. aureus strains were coded and tested blindly by disk diffusion, agar dilution, broth microdilution, Sensititre, Micro-Media, Sceptor, API 3600S, MicroScan, Autobac I, and MS-2 systems. All systems were incubated at 35 degrees C and read with either a manual or automated reader at the recommended times. Where applicable, systems were also read at 48 h. Among the conventional assays, the broth and agar dilution methods were comparable, both detecting 88% of the MR strains at 24 h and detecting 92 and 96%, respectively, at 48 h. The disk diffusion method was less efficient, detecting only 36 and 72% at 24 and 48 h, respectively. Detection of cephalothin resistance was low for all systems at both time periods, with agar dilution and disk diffusion being the most and least efficient, respectively. Some variability was also seen with detection of resistance to clindamycin and gentamicin. Among the MS strains, variability among the conventional systems occurred with methicillin, gentamicin, ampicillin, and penicillin. Comparison of the commercial systems with manual readers with the broth microdilution method (reference method) showed that for MR strains, the Sceptor system gave identical results at 24 and 48 h. Sensititre detected 68 and 88% of the MR strains, whereas Micro-Media was least effective detecting 12 and 80% at 24 and 48 h, respectively. None of the commercial systems detected cephalothin resistance well, with only one strain being indicated by the Sceptor and Sensititre systems at 48 h. Slight differences were also seen among the systems with clindamycin and gentamicin. With regard to the MS strains, variability among the systems was seen with methicillin, penicillin, ampicillin, clindamycin, and gentamicin. Among commercial systems with automated readers, the API system detected a greater number of MR strains than did the reference method at 24 and 48 h, 96 and 100%, respectively. The MicroScan method was comparable to the reference method detecting 80 and 88% of the MR strains at both time periods, respectively. Both Autobac I and MS-2 were much less effective in detecting MR strains, noting only 32 and 16%, respectively, at the 3- to 6-h readings. Poor detection of cephalothin resistance among MR strains was evident in all systems. Variability also occurred among the systems with clindamycin, gentamicin, and ampicillin. A single strain of the MR group was reported to be vancomycin resistant by the API system. Among the MS group, the greatest variability was seen with methicillin. Less variability occurred with penicillin, ampicillin, gentamicin, and vancomycin. PMID- 6605977 TI - Quantized nature of sarcomere shortening steps. AB - A new technique providing real-time high-speed measurements of sarcomere length from on-line analysis of the striation image has been developed. This method of measurement is not susceptible to the problems of interpretation encountered in laser diffraction. Sarcomere shortening patterns were obtained, using this method, from single toe fibres of Rana pipiens, and stepwise phenomena similar to those previously reported from laser diffraction were observed. The distribution of step size showed several peaks, the most prominent corresponding to 5.7 nm per half sarcomere. PMID- 6605978 TI - Selective deficiency of immunoglobulin A2. AB - A case of familial selective IgA2 deficiency is described. The mother had no detectable IgA2, but a low level of IgA1. She had anti-alpha 2 antibodies of the IgG class. One of her daughters also lacked IgA2 with a normal level of IgA1. The analysis of the immunoglobulin haplotypes of the family suggested the deletion of the alpha 2-gene. In addition, the analysis of B lymphocytes of mother and daughter showed the absence of IgA2-bearing cells. Upon stimulation with pokeweed mitogen, the B cells differentiated into IgA1-containing plasma cells, but IgA2 containing cells were not found. The results suggest a defect in the generation of intraclonal B cell isotype diversity. The molecular basis of this phenomenon is unknown. PMID- 6605979 TI - Monoclonal lupus autoantibody secretion by human-human hybridomas. Selection of hybrids by conventional and novel techniques. AB - Autoantibody-secreting hybridomas were produced by somatic cell fusion of B lymphocytes from a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus with two different human myeloma lines. Selection of hybrids formed from one of these cell lines was performed by using aminopterine-containing culture medium as this cell line was deficient in hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT). The second myeloma line was not HGPRT-deficient but instead was treated with diethylpyrocarbonate, which assured death of unfused myeloma cells. This novel technique has wide applicability. Hybridomas were found to secrete antibodies to native DNA and to extractable nuclear antigen. The binding specificities of one IgM anti-DNA antibody was characterized and found to be specific for double stranded DNA and had particular binding affinity for poly(dG) . poly(dC). PMID- 6605981 TI - Oral PABA and vitiligo. PMID- 6605982 TI - An examination of the prevalence of mental disorders among the elderly in the community. PMID- 6605980 TI - Soluble suppressor factors in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and its prodrome. Elaboration in vitro by T lymphocyte-adherent cell interactions. AB - Supernatants from peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from certain patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or its prodrome were capable of depressing spontaneous and pokeweed mitogen-driven B lymphocyte differentiation into plasmacytes, and the proliferative responses of T cells to specific antigen. These soluble suppressor factors (SSF) were present in uniquely high concentrations, with significant differences from healthy controls and from patients with various other conditions previously associated with factor-mediated immunosuppression. T cell-independent functions were not modified by SSF. Suppression was not genetically constrained, and did not appear to be mediated by cytotoxicity, prostaglandin, or alpha or gamma interferons. SSF was a product of the interaction of T lymphocytes with adherent cells. T cells or T cell factors from AIDS patients, but not from normal controls, could collaborate with control adherent cells in the formation of SSF. Restoration of DNA synthesis-independent differentiation of B lymphocytes into plasmacytes in SSF-treated cultures was realized by addition of reducing agents, such as 2-mercaptoethanol, on culture initiation. These data suggest inhibitory mechanisms possibly related to that of concanavalin A-induced soluble immune response suppression, and perhaps offer clues to clinically applicable substances which are potentially capable of mitigating such responses. PMID- 6605983 TI - Attentional absorption in marijuana and alcohol intoxication. PMID- 6605984 TI - Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: reactivity of IgE and IgG antibodies with antigenic components of Aspergillus fumigatus (IgE/IgG antigen complexes). AB - Sera of patients with ABPA were tested by XRIE tests incorporating their own serum (self-XRIE) to detect the presence of IgG/IgE antigen complexes to a "reference" Aspergillus fumigatus preparation. Of the 32 sera studied, 29 (90%) had visible precipitin (IgG) peaks, and 27 of these 29 as well as the three apparently precipitin-negative sera, i.e., 30 (94%), showed binding of specific IgE by autoradiography. The two precipitin-positive sera that did not show IgE binding were also skin test negative and RAST negative to this A. fumigatus antigen. Specific IgG as determined in ELISA correlated well with the grading of the XIE precipitin peaks (p less than 0.05). There was also a highly significant correlation between specific IgE by RAST and grading the radioactive uptake seen in the autoradiograph (p less than 0.001) indicating, for each serum, the presence of IgG antibodies to most of the components to which there was specific IgE. In the self-XRIE tests there was considerable variation of reactivity from serum to serum, in numbers of antigen/antibody peaks observed, in relative peak heights, and in the intensity of the respective staining. By comparing each test to a "reference" pattern developed with the use of an ABPA serum pool, the antigenic components of A. fumigatus were found to be of two main types: (1) antigens that appeared to be poorly precipitating (possibly low-molecular-weight components) but showed strong IgE binding (these were apparently major allergenic components and with one exception proved to be the faster migrating components) and (2) antigens that produced the strongest precipitin reactions with only weak binding of specific IgE and therefore minor allergenic components. PMID- 6605985 TI - Laboratory tests of seven rodenticides for the control of Meriones shawi. AB - The response of Meriones shawi to seven rodenticides was investigated in laboratory feeding tests. The species proved to be much less susceptible to anticoagulants than most other species of rodent pests. Brodifacoum (at 0.005%), although giving complete mortality after only 8 days' continuous feeding, was more toxic than warfarin (0.025%), coumatetralyl (0.0375%), difenacoum (0.005%) and bromadiolone (0.005%). Calciferol (0.1%), though toxic, was significantly unpalatable. Zinc phosphide (5.0%) presented for 2 days in a choice test against unpoisoned food gave 80% mortality and appears to be the most suitable of these compounds for the control of M. shawi in the field. PMID- 6605986 TI - Defective elicitation of delayed-type hypersensitivity in W/Wv and SI/SId mast cell-deficient mice. AB - Previous studies have indicated that cutaneous mast cells are involved in the elicitation of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in mice. Mast cells are thought to be required in DTH to release serotonin to open gaps between endothelial cells, allowing entrance of effector cells into the tissue. Two different strains of mice with independent genetic defects that lead to a substantial mast cell deficiency (W/Wv and SI/SId), and their normal littermate +/+ controls, were studied for their ability to express DTH. Both strains were shown to be deficient in serotonin-containing mast cells at skin sites of preferential elicitation of DTH in normal mice, such as the ear or footpad. Defective DTH was found in both mast cell-deficient strains by using two different systems: 1) sheep erythrocyte-induced footpad DTH, and 2) picryl chloride-induced contact sensitivity ear swelling responses. Adoptive transfer experiments demonstrated that abnormal DTH in mast cell-deficient mice was due to a defect in the elicitation of DTH, rather than a defect in the induction of effector T cells. In these experiments, the ability to elicit DTH could be transferred to normal +/+ mice with sensitized cells from mast cell-deficient mice, but sensitized cells from +/+ mice could not transfer DTH responsiveness to mast cell-deficient mice. In addition, no defects in numbers of epidermal Langerhans cells or in antigen-presenting cell function were found in W/Wv or SI/SId mice. We therefore concluded that abnormal elicitation of DTH in W/Wv and SI/SId mice was probably due to their mast cell deficiency. The inability of mast cell-deficient mice to express DTH was overcome when sensitized T cells and specific antigen were placed in the extravascular tissues by local passive transfer. These results suggest that mast cell release of vasoactive mediators, such as serotonin, is required in DTH to allow effector T cells to leave the intravascular space, enter the tissues, and become activated by antigen to release chemoattractant lymphokines that recruit a nonspecific infiltrate of inflammatory cells. PMID- 6605987 TI - Biochemical characterization of B lymphoma cell antigen processing and presentation to antigen-reactive T cells. AB - Generating an immune response to T-dependent antigens requires the cooperative interaction of APC, T helper cells, and B cells. T helper cells recognize antigen, not as soluble, native antigen, but as processed antigen in association with Ia molecules on the surface of an APC. Investigators from our laboratory demonstrated previously that some B lymphoma cell lines will present antigen to antigen-reactive T cells in an MHC-restricted fashion. These tumor lines are used in this study as a model system to examine the biochemical basis of antigen processing. Five different H-2d tumor cell lines, which differ in their ability to express Ia molecules and function as APC, are all shown to biochemically degrade sperm whale Mb in a similar manner. Intact Mb and four Mb fragments (4.3 to 12.5 Kd) were reproducibly recovered from each of these Mb-pulsed cell lines. This processed Mb is shown to be nonrandomly distributed in external and internal compartments, with the two smallest Mb fragments being enriched in the intracellular compartment. The Mb and Mb fragments can be completely removed from the surface of the APC by enzymatic proteolysis without quantitatively changing the ability of these cells to present Mb to Mb-reactive T cell lines. These results suggest that the processed Mb that is located intracellularly is the primary immunoreactive antigen for antigen presentation to T helper cells. PMID- 6605988 TI - Sex steroid receptors in peripheral T cells: absence of androgen receptors and restriction of estrogen receptors to OKT8-positive cells. AB - The immune response has been reported to be modulated by sex hormones in several models, and estrogen receptors have been demonstrated in the human thymus. We therefore investigated the presence of estrogen and androgen receptors among human peripheral T cells; thoracic duct lymph provided large amounts of circulating lymphocytes. Pure T cells were obtained by negative selection by using complement-dependent cytotoxicity with a monoclonal antibody against a monomorphic determinant of class II histocompatibility antigen (HLA-DR). Furthermore, subsets of OKT8-positive and OKT8-negative lymphocytes were selected by using an OKT8-like monoclonal antibody. Sex steroid binding was determined on purified nuclei; no androgen receptors could be demonstrated on peripheral T cells. The cytoplasmic [3H] 17-beta-estradiol-receptor complex was always translocated to the nucleus in vitro within 1 hr at 37 degrees C; no estrogen receptors were demonstrable on purified OKT4-positive subsets. Assuming that estrogen receptors were evenly distributed among OKT8-positive cells, their level could be estimated to be about 40 fmol/mg DNA. The restriction of estrogen receptors to T cells bearing the "suppressor-cytotoxic" phenotype suggests a possible pathway for the modulation of T cell suppressive activities by estrogens. PMID- 6605989 TI - A DC-specific cytolytic T lymphocyte line is OKT8+1. AB - A human cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) line, A9, was generated by limiting dilution and was selected because of its apparent DC specificity. A9 is 100% OKT3+, 90% OKT4+, and 10% OKT8+, but by negative selection the CTL present are entirely OKT8+. These OKT8+ CTL are totally inhibitable by Genox 3.53, an anti-DC1 monoclonal antibody (mAb), and Leu-10, an anti-DC subgroup mAb, but are not inhibitable by a panel of anti-HLA-DR mAb. These CTL are also inhibitable by anti OKT3 and anti-LFA-2 but not by OKT4 or OKT8 mAb. These findings extend previous studies that showed that OKT8+ CTL recognize HLA-A,B antigens, whereas OKT4+ CTL recognize HLA-DR and SB antigens. It is possible that an as yet undefined T cell surface molecule is involved in DC recognition. PMID- 6605990 TI - Studies of congenic MRL-Ipr/Ipr.xid mice. AB - Highly inbred MRL-Ipr/Ipr.xid congenic mice were bred and compared with their + littermates. The xid-bearing congenics developed lymphadenopathy consisting of dull Ly-1+ T cells and impairment of cellular proliferation and IL 2 production in response to the T cell mitogen Con A. Thus, the lpr gene was fully expressed. The xid gene, however, was also expressed as indicated by the failure to respond to immunization with TNP-Ficoll and flow cytometric analysis of splenic B cells. The xid gene was associated with a marked reduction in IgM anti-ssDNA and anti nDNA of both classes, and serum Ig-bound gp 70. Kidney disease was markedly retarded as was death from the autoimmune process. These studies suggest that the T cell lymphoproliferation and dysfunction characteristic of MRL-Ipr/Ipr mice is not sufficient to induce accelerated autoimmunity; xid is able to markedly slow the process. The xid gene interferes with the development of a B cell subset necessary for maximum autoantibody production, anti-gp 70 production, and the resultant immune complex renal and cardiac disease. The present finding of protection against accelerated autoimmunity in MRL-Ipr/Ipr mice by xid, coupled with previous demonstrations of protection against autoimmunity in other autoimmune mouse strains, suggests that a common approach to the therapy of systemic lupus may be possible. PMID- 6605991 TI - Identification and quantitation of T lymphocyte subsets found in the spinal cord of the Lewis rat during acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - Monoclonal antibodies specific for different rat T cell subsets and Ia-positive cells were used in a quantitative morphologic study of the cellular infiltrates in the spinal cords of Lewis rats during acute, actively induced experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). The predominant cell types in the inflammatory spinal cord lesions are W3/25-positive and Ia-positive cells. The relative percentages represented by each cell type remain quite constant regardless of the degree of clinical illness exhibited by the rat. These data demonstrate a quantitative profile of the infiltrating cells in acute, active EAE, and suggest that the principal inflammatory cells in these lesions are T helper cells and Ia bearing cells (macrophages, B cells, or activated T helper cells). PMID- 6605992 TI - Stimulation of rat mesangial cell proliferation by macrophage interleukin 1. AB - Conditioned media from LPS-activated rat peritoneal macrophages enhanced the proliferation rates of cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells. This macrophage derived activity extensively co-purified with interleukin 1 (IL 1) activity through sequential ammonium sulfate precipitation, S-200 gel chromatography, DEAE cellulose anion exchange chromatography, and phenyl-Sepharose chromatography. In addition, the macrophage-derived factor was heat-labile (80 degrees C) and inactivated by phenylglyoxal, thus allowing tentative identification as IL 1. Macrophage supernatants and purified IL 1 enhanced the proliferative rates of mesangial cells only in the presence of serum; the use of platelet-poor plasma or serum depleted of platelet-derived growth factor was without effect. IL 1 acted to increase the percentage of cycling cells, without a change in the length of the individual cell cycle times. These findings provide a potential mechanism whereby activated macrophages, in combination with platelet factors, enhance mesangial cell proliferation. Such processes may contribute to the mesangial hypercellularity frequently found in immune-mediated glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6605993 TI - Inhibition of interleukin 2 production by factors released from tumor cells. AB - In previous studies, cultured melanoma cells were shown to have a suppressive influence on the induction of cytotoxic T cells. Our investigation of the mechanism of these effects revealed that supernatants from certain cultures of melanoma cells contained inhibitory activity against the production of interleukin 2 (IL 2) from phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated cultures of lymphocytes. These supernatants did not inhibit interleukin 1 production, and also did not inhibit the mitogenic activity of performed IL 2 on IL 2-dependent target cells. Production of the inhibitory activity could be reduced by inhibitors of protein synthesis, but this activity was not inhibited by digestion with the proteolytic enzymes trypsin or pronase. Gel filtration analysis of tumor supernatants revealed that the majority of the inhibitory activity was detected in fractions of approximately 44 and 7 Kd. The addition of supernatants with inhibitory activity to PHA-stimulated cultures of lymphocytes was associated with reduced transition of cells from G1 to S phase of cell division, which could be reversed by the addition of IL 2. Preliminary studies suggest that the release of the factor(s) from melanoma cells may be related to rapid progression of tumor growth in patients, and therefore may be of prognostic significance in tumor host relationships. PMID- 6605994 TI - Purification and characterization of TNP-specific immunoregulatory molecules produced by T cells sensitized by picrylchloride (PC1F). AB - T cell-derived TNP-specific factors associated with immunoregulatory activity were obtained by culture of T cells obtained from mice sensitized by skin painting with picrylchloride. Culture medium was absorbed to TNP-Sepharose and TNP binding proteins were prepared by elution with TNP. The hapten affinity purified proteins were characterized by size and charge and were found to be acidic 70,000 m.w. polypeptides that occur as monomers or oligomers. Oligomeric proteins interact with factors produced by mice injected with trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid to form factors that suppress specifically the ability of TNP-sensitized T cells to transfer contact sensitivity to TNP. Monomeric (no more than 70,000 m.w.) molecules do not form suppressor factors but can transfer contact sensitivity to TNP. Moreover, reduction and alkylation of oligomeric molecules inactivates their suppressor activity but causes them to be able to transfer contact sensitivity. The results suggest that T cell-derived antigen-specific molecules may have different effector functions dependent on their oligomeric state. PMID- 6605995 TI - Activation of granulocyte cytotoxic function by purified mouse colony-stimulating factors. AB - Highly purified mouse colony-stimulating factors (CSF) were tested for their effect on neutrophil cytotoxic function in a homologous antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay in which TNP-coupled mouse thymoma cells coated with mouse anti-TNP antibodies were used as targets, and purified normal mouse bone marrow neutrophils or induced peritoneal neutrophils were used as effector cells. Biochemically pure granulocyte-macrophage (GM)- and granulocyte (G)-CSF enhanced the cytotoxic activity of neutrophils obtained from both sources, allowing them to kill target cells at low antibody concentrations. Furthermore, GM- and G-CSF showed an additive effect, suggesting either the presence of separate receptors for GM- and G-CSF or of separate subsets of neutrophils. Induced peritoneal neutrophils showed a higher level of basal cytotoxic activity than did bone marrow neutrophils, suggesting neutrophil activation in vivo, but both reached similar levels of cytotoxicity upon maximal stimulation with CSF. In addition, CSF was found to be cross-reactive between mouse and human species in their enhancement of neutrophil cytotoxicity. By testing purified mouse CSF on human neutrophils, it could be shown that G-CSF and GM-CSF are functionally distinct molecules, because only G-CSF enhanced ADCC by human neutrophils. These experiments show that the purified factors that control the production of neutrophils by progenitor cells in vitro also activate differentiated neutrophils to carry out their cytotoxic activity in a more effective manner. PMID- 6605996 TI - Increased endogenous retroviral gene expression is a consequence of lymphocyte activation. AB - Plasma cells of line 151(5) chickens have been shown to express elevated levels of endogenous retroviral envelope glycoprotein (VEG), measured relative to levels expressed by both immature B cells and resting peripheral B lymphocytes. In this study we analyzed the relationship between peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) maturation and the level of VEG expression. A culture system was developed that would support maturation of pokeweed mitogen-activated peripheral B lymphocytes. As analyzed by cytofluorometry, both Ig+ and Ig- lymphoblasts present in the pokeweed mitogen-stimulated cultures expressed detectable levels of VEG in contrast to bursacytes and PBL. Similarly, Ig- blasts, which were present in concanavalin A-stimulated cultures of PBL and presumed to represent activated T cells, were also positive for the expression of VEG. Immature T cells, i.e., thymocytes, although negative by immunofluorescence analysis, expressed VEG at levels that were detectable by radioimmunochemical techniques. These results indicate that T cells as well as B cells constitutively express VEG, and that mitogenic activation of the resting lymphocyte induces an increase in VEG expression. PMID- 6605997 TI - Effect of T cell-derived lymphokines containing B cell differentiation factor(s) for IgG (BCDF gamma) on gamma-specific mRNA in murine B cells. AB - Cytoplasmic RNA was isolated from cells cultured with LPS and LPS plus a T cell derived supernatant (SN) (PK 7.1) containing B cell differentiation factors. The steady state levels of isotype-specific mRNA were assessed by Northern blot analysis with gamma-specific CH3 probes. It was demonstrated that the SN induces an increase in the level of mRNA for gamma 1 and a concomitant decrease in the levels of mRNA for gamma 2b and gamma 3. PMID- 6605998 TI - Cell surface expression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-defined, AKR/Gross leukemia virus-associated tumor antigens by normal AKR.H-2b splenic B cells. AB - We previously described a system in which H-2Kb-restricted C57BL/6 (B6) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) could be raised that were specific for tumors, such as the thymic lymphoma AKR.H-2b SL1, that were induced by endogenous AKR/Gross murine leukemia virus and that expressed the Gross cell surface antigen. In this study, certain normal lymphoid cells from AKR.H-2b mice were also found to express target antigens defined by such anti-AKR/Gross virus CTL. AKR.H-2b spleen, but surprisingly not thymus, cells stimulated the production of anti-AKR/Gross virus CTL when employed at either the in vivo priming phase or the in vitro restimulation phase of anti-viral CTL induction. This selective stimulation by spleen vs thymus cells was not dependent on the age of the mice over the range (3 to 28 wk) tested. Both AKR.H-2b spleen and thymus cells, however, were able to stimulate the generation of H-2-restricted B6 anti-AKR minor histocompatibility (H) antigen-specific CTL. Thus, AKR.H-2b spleen cells appeared to display the same sets (minor H and virus-associated) of cell surface antigens recognized by CTL as the AKR.H-2b SL1 tumor, whereas AKR.H-2b thymocytes were selectively missing the virus-associated target antigens, a situation analogous to that of cl. 18-5, a variant subclone of AKR.H-2b SL1 insusceptible to anti-AKR/Gross virus CTL. Like AKR.H-2b thymocytes, neither AKR spleen cells or thymocytes nor B6.GIX + thymocytes were able to stimulate the generation of anti-AKR/Gross virus CTL from primed B6 responder cell populations. In contrast, both T cell-enriched and B cell-enriched preparations derived from AKR.H-2b spleen cells were able to stimulate at the in vitro phase of induction, although B cell-enriched preparations were considerably more efficient. The discordant results obtained with AKR.H-2b spleen cells vs thymocytes were confirmed and extended in experiments in which these cells were employed as target cells to directly assess the cell surface expression of virus-associated, CTL-defined antigens. Thus, AKR.H-2b spleen cells, but not thymocytes, were recognized by anti-AKR/Gross virus CTL when fresh normal cells were tested as unlabeled competitive inhibitors, or when mitogen blasts were tested as labeled targets. Fresh or lipopolysaccharide-stimulated B cell-enriched spleen cells were as efficiently recognized as unseparated spleen cell preparations. Unexpectedly, fresh or Lens culinaris hemagglutinin-stimulated T cell-enriched spleen cell preparations, although susceptible to anti-minor H CTL, were almost as poor as targets for anti viral CTL as were thymocytes. Together, these results demonstrate the H-2 restricted expression of CTL-defined, endogenous, AKR/Gross virus-associated target antigens by normal AKR.H-2b splenic B cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6605999 TI - Improved culture conditions for quantitative evaluation of interleukin 2 production by frozen human lymphocytes. AB - Several culture parameters were studied in order to establish methods for optimal and reproducible production of interleukin 2 (IL2) by thawed lymphocytes. Standard conditions, considered optimal for production by freshly separated lymphocytes (culture medium RPMI 1640 + 1% normal human serum + 10 micrograms/ml PHA), gave low and poorly reproducible results. An increased concentration of human serum (10 and 20%) in the medium improved production but best results were obtained by adding polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000, 0.1 mg/ml) to the culture medium. Furthermore, with the addition of PEG 6000, results became highly reproducible, thus permitting valid comparison of in vitro IL2 production by lymphocytes from normal donors and patients. PMID- 6606000 TI - Computer-assisted analysis of in vivo cytotoxic T cell responses. AB - An approach has been devised for analysing data generated in the study of in vivo cytotoxic T cell responses. The method calculates the total number of lytic units generated in the peritoneal cavity, or in cultures of the lymph nodes draining the rear footpad, following antigenic stimulation. The assessment of group differences is facilitated, and the method lends itself to computerised and hence objective data analysis. PMID- 6606001 TI - Kartagener's syndrome. PMID- 6606002 TI - Murine cutaneous leishmaniasis: resistance in reconstituted nude mice and several F1 hybrids infected with Leishmania tropica major. AB - After cutaneous injection of promastigotes of an isolate of the intramacrophage protozoan parasite, Leishmania tropica major, mouse strains develop chronic cutaneous lesions or show a resolving pattern of disease. On this basis, they can be classified as resistant (e.g. CBA/H and C57BL/6) or susceptible (e.g. BALB/c, BALB/c.H-2b and BALB/c.H-2k). Hypothymic nude (nu/nu) mice of either BALB/c, CBA/H or C57BL/6 genotype are susceptible to chronic disease. However, nude mice of these genotypes, including BALB/c, are resistant to chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis when injected at the time of parasite challenge with small numbers of H-2 compatible lymphoid cells from normal mice. Nude mice remain susceptible when injected with fully H-2 incompatible cells. Using cells from H-2 mutant mice for reconstitution of resistance in C57BL/6.nu/nu mice, evidence was obtained that I region compatibility is necessary for cells to mediate host-protective effects. Cells from chronically-diseased BALB/c mice do not have protective effects in BALB/c.nu/nu mice at any cell dose and will abrogate the resistance promoting effect of normal BALB/c lymphoid cells in such mice. In contrast, protective effects of lymphoid cell populations from chronically-diseased BALB/c.H-2k and BALB/c.H-2b mice can be demonstrated when assayed at certain cell doses in H-2 compatible CBS/H.nu/nu and C57BL/6.nu/nu mice, respectively. The data suggest that chronically-diseased (genetically-susceptible) mice contain a mixture of resistance-promoting and disease-promoting T cells in their peripheral lymphoid organs and that expression of the resistance-promoting subset can occur in nude mice of resistant genotype. Previous data have indicated that Ly1+2- T cells are efficient mediators of both T cell-dependent activities. No evidence for the operation of disease-promoting or resistant-promoting antibodies in perpetuation or resolution of disease has been obtained in extensive serum transfer experiments. Some discrepancies exist in the literature on the question of the dominance of susceptibility or resistance in F1 hybrid mice. A re examination of susceptibility/resistance in F1 hybrids between BALB/c and several other parental strains was undertaken using cloned pathogenic promastigotes derived from a heterogeneous L. t. major isolate in order to reduce effects of parasite heterogeneity in the analysis. Resistance was dominant in some but not all F1 hybrids, with most showing a delayed healing pattern of disease relative to the resistant parental strain. Despite the use of genetically-homogeneous parasites, the analysis was complicated by variability within groups of F1 hybrid mice as well as between males and females and between F1 hybrids of reciprocal crosses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6606003 TI - Sequelae from bacterial meningitis and their relation to the clinical condition during acute illness, based on 667 questionnaire returns. Part II of a three part series. AB - During the years 1966-1976, 875 patients with bacterial meningitis were treated at the Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Denmark. In late 1979 and early 1980 a survey by questionnaire was conducted among survivors concerning the impact of the disease. Replies were received from 667 patients (96.4 per cent). The most common complaints after meningitis were headache (32 per cent) inability to concentrate (31 per cent), altered working capability (33 per cent) and loss of memory (24 per cent). Approximately 20 per cent suffered from impaired hearing, visual disturbances and dizziness. Five per cent had convulsions. Each questionnaire was evaluated for sequelae, and when present these were rated as mild, medium or severe. One-third of the patients had sequelae and in 6 per cent these were severe. Sequelae were most commonly associated with drowsiness, coma, agitation and confusion on admission to hospital. PMID- 6606004 TI - [Evaluation of myocardial infarction by thallium emission computed tomography]. AB - Thallium myocardial emission computed tomography (ECT) using a rotating gamma camera was undertaken to assess three-dimensional thallium distribution in the myocardium in cases with myocardial infarction (MI). Ninety-one cases with MI and 29 normal persons were examined by thallium ECT and the conventional planar imaging. Diagnostic performance and quantification of MI, and characterization of non-transmural MI were also investigated. In the detection of a perfusion defect, the ECT imaging showed significantly higher sensitivity (96%) than the planar imaging (77%) (p less than 0.001), especially in those with inferior wall MI (95% vs 73%, p less than 0.02) and nontransmural MI (82% vs 27%) (p less than 0.01). The specificity was the same in both techniques (90%), and therefore, higher overall accuracy was obtained by the ECT imaging (94%) than by the planar imaging (80%) (p less than 0.01). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were obtained from three independent observers for quantitative evaluation of observer detection performance. The ECT curves in each observer were situated in the upper left corner, indicating excellent diagnostic performance. Infarct size was estimated from the extent of the perfusion defect expressed as a percentage of the planar imaging (% defect) and as a volume of the infarcted myocardium (infarct volume). Those parameters were significantly correlated with peak CPK (r = 0.80 and 0.94, respectively), and inversely correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (r = -0.78 and -0.85, respectively). Thus, the infarct volume calculated from the ECT is considered to permit estimation of infarct size more accurately than % defect from the planar imaging. To characterize nontransmural MI, 11 cases with nontransmural MI were examined by ECT and the findings were compared with those of transmural MI. A perfusion defect was detected in nine of the 11 patients (82%). As compared to those with transmural MI, infarct volume was smaller and the residual activity in an infarct region was higher in cases with nontransmural MI. Thus, the thallium ECT imaging, providing any-angle multisection of the myocardium, permits qualitative and quantitative evaluation of MI accurately. PMID- 6606005 TI - [Evaluation studies of aortocoronary bypass by exercise loading RI myocardial scintigraphy]. PMID- 6606006 TI - [Case of hyper-IgM immunodeficiency caused by B cell dysfunction following long term administration of diphenylhydantoin]. PMID- 6606007 TI - Plasma fibronectin level and clinical status in cardiac surgery patients. AB - To determine whether changes in plasma fibronectin concentration were related to the development of postoperative complications, we studied both plasma fibronectin concentration and the postoperative clinical course for 41 patients undergoing elective cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Patients were divided retrospectively into three groups based on their hospital course. Group I (n = 21) had mild complications, group II (n = 15) had moderate complications, and group III (n = 5) had severe complications. Fibronectin was monitored preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively until discharge. Although fibronectin levels were unaffected by induction of anesthesia, a decrease in fibronectin concentration was seen after bypass in all patients. This decline was transient, however, and fibronectin concentration rose within 4 to 5 hr after the end of surgery. A subsequent fall to a level below the lower limit of normal (less than 180 micrograms/ml) was consistently seen only in critically ill (group III) patients and coincided with adverse changes in their clinical status. PMID- 6606009 TI - Polytomography of the vestibular aqueduct in patients with Meniere's disease. PMID- 6606008 TI - Haemophilus influenzae b bacteremia and meningitis in infant rabbits after intranasal inoculation. AB - A suitable model of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis will facilitate better understanding of the pathophysiology, therapy, and prevention of the disease and its sequelae. Bacteremia and meningitis were induced in infant New Zealand white rabbits by intranasal inoculation of H. influenzae type b. Intranasal trypsin prior to challenge significantly increased (p = 0.002) the rate of bacteremia from 64% (7/11) to 100% (45/45). In the trypsin-treated group, H. influenzae b was isolated from the CSF of 89% (25/28) of 17- to 21-day-old rabbits and from 76% (13/17) of 23- to 30-day-old animals, p = 0.3; fatality rates were 88% and 31%, respectively, p = 0.001. Bacteremia developed within 24 hr of inoculation and meningitis within 96 hr. Death occurred 1 to 7 days after the development of meningitis. Histologic evidence of nasopharyngitis and meningitis was found at autopsy. The intranasal route of infection, the age-dependent outcome, the size of the animal, and its low cost and availability make the infant rabbit an appropriate model of H. influenzae b meningitis. PMID- 6606010 TI - Traumatic perilymph fistulae of the round and oval windows. PMID- 6606011 TI - Transient expression of interleukin 2 receptors. Consequences for T cell growth. AB - T lymphocyte mitosis results from the interaction of interleukin 2 (IL-2) with specific receptors that appear only after appropriate immune stimulation. To assess the potential role of IL-2 receptor levels in determining the rate and magnitude of T cell proliferation, the expression of IL-2 receptors by lectin stimulated human peripheral blood T cells was examined and correlated with T cell growth. Using biosynthetically radiolabeled IL-2 and anti-Tac, a monoclonal antibody that blocks IL-2 receptor binding, IL-2 receptors were found to accumulate slowly and asynchronously among lectin-stimulated T cells and to precede the onset of DNA synthesis. Moreover, a critical threshold of IL-2 receptor density appeared to be required before the commitment to cell cycle progression, as analyzed quantitatively by tritiated thymidine incorporation and flow cytometric analysis of cellular DNA content. Once maximal IL-2 receptor expression occurred, continued proliferation was IL-2 concentration dependent as assessed using homogenous immunoaffinity-purified IL-2. Upon removal of the activating lectin, IL-2 receptor levels progressively declined, and, in parallel, the rate of proliferation diminished. The decay of IL-2 receptors could not be attributed to IL-2-mediated down-regulation. Instead, renewed IL-2 receptor expression was dependent upon the reintroduction of the initial activating signal. Repetitive exposure to lectin resulted in a more rapid reexpression of maximal IL-2 receptor levels, which was then followed by an accelerated resumption of proliferation. Thus, the extent of T cell proliferation after immune stimulation depends upon the interplay of the IL-2 concentration available and the density of IL-2 receptors expressed, both of which are ultimately determined by antigen/lectin stimulation. The awareness of the transience and the antigen/lectin dependence of IL-2 receptor expression, together with the capacity to monitor T cell cultures for IL-2 receptor levels, should facilitate the initiation and maintenance of cloned, antigen-specific T cells in long-term culture. In addition, these findings suggest that, in vivo, the rapidity of acquisition of maximum IL-2 receptor levels by activated T cells and the duration of IL-2 receptor expression may well direct the magnitude of T cell clonal expansion and resultant immune responses. PMID- 6606012 TI - A novel HLA-D/DR-like antigen specific for human B lymphoid cells. Biochemical evidence for similarity to but nonidentity with known HLA-D/DR antigens. AB - The polymorphic human B cell-specific antigen, 33.1, detected by a murine monoclonal antibody, was compared by genetics and structural analysis with known human Ia antigens from a panel of DR homozygous Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B lymphoblastoid cell lines. Cells homozygous for DR 1, 2, 4, 5, and w6 were positive, while cells that are DR3,3 or DR7,7 usually failed to express this antigen. Mutant DR null, DC/MB-positive cells were 33.1 positive while DR null, DC/MB-negative cells failed to express this antigen, suggesting the segregation of 33.1 with the DC antigen. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that 33.1 alpha and beta chains were of lower molecular weights than the DR alpha and beta chains isolated from the same cell line. Partial N-terminal amino acid sequence analyses were carried out for the heavy and light chains of the 33.1 antigen radiolabeled with [3H] phenylalanine. The results of these analyses, in conjunction with previous data on tissue distribution, indicate that the 33.1 antigen is a non-DR but Ia-like antigen closely related to the previously defined I-A homologues, DC and DS. PMID- 6606013 TI - Role of variable region gene expression and environmental selection in determining the antiphosphorylcholine B cell repertoire. AB - To evaluate the role of environmental selective processes, as opposed to variable region gene expression, in the determination of B cell repertoire expression, we have assessed the phosphorylcholine (PC)-specific repertoire of precursor cells that remain in bone marrow cell populations after the removal of surface immunoglobulin (sIg)-bearing cells. Such cells are assumed to represent a stage in B cell maturation before the expression of sIg, and thus at a time when they have not as yet interfaced with environmental influences that operate through sIg receptors such as antigenic stimulation, tolerance, or antiidiotypic regulation. The repertoire as expressed in these cells, therefore, should reflect the readout of immunoglobulin variable region genes as they are expressed in progenitors to B cells. The results of these studies indicate that, as in mature primary B cell pools of BALB/c mice, the majority of PC-responsive sIg- bone marrow cells are of the T15 clonotype. Thus, environmental selective mechanisms would not appear to be required for the high frequency of B cells of the T15 idiotype in the primary B cell repertoire of BALB/c mice. Analysis of the sIg- bone marrow cells in (CBA/N X BALB/c)F1 male mice demonstrated that the deficit of PC-responsive mature B cells, which is a characteristic of this murine strain, must occur after receptor expression, since a normal frequency of PC-responsive and T15-expressing cells is present in their sIg- bone marrow population. Finally, these same mice were used to obtain bone marrow cell preparations from individual leg bones, so as to permit an analysis of the occurrence of T15+ and T15- clonotypes within individual bone marrow populations. The findings from these studies indicate that T15+ B cells occur as a high frequency event within bone marrow generative cell pools. Furthermore, bone marrow populations that are positive for PC-responsive precursor cells often display multiple copies of such precursor cells that are exclusively either T15+ or T15-. This finding indicates that clonal expansion of cells within the B cell lineage apparently occurs before immunoglobulin receptor acquisition. PMID- 6606014 TI - Antigen-specific suppressor T cell interactions. II. Characterization of two different types of suppressor T cell factors specific for L-glutamic acid50-L tyrosine50 (GT) and L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT). AB - We have previously reported that two types of suppressor T cell factors (TsF) specific for L-glutamic acid50-L-tyrosine50 (GT) or L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30 L-tyrosine10 (GAT) can be distinguished based upon differences in their ability to suppress responses by allogeneic mice. Injection of GAT or GT induces a suppressor T cell subset that produces an antigen-binding, I-J+, genetically unrestricted, specific suppressor factor (TsF1). Injection of this factor plus small amounts of antigen induces a second-order suppressor T cell that produces an antigen-binding, I-J+, genetically restricted, specific suppressor factor (TsF2). In this report, we demonstrate that these two factors are also biochemically distinct. Monoclonal TsF1 molecules are composed of a single polypeptide chain that bears both the antigen-binding site and I-J determinant, whereas TsF2 molecules are composed of two disulfide-linked polypeptide chains, one of which is antigen-binding and I-J-, and the other, nonantigen-binding, I J+. The antigen-binding chain must be added at culture initiation to achieve suppression, but the I-J+ chain can be added as late as day 3 with complete suppression observed. However, isolated chains from TsF2-producing hybridomas derived from three different haplotypes were unable to suppress immune responses when chains from heterologous TsF2 were mixed. Indirect evidence is presented that suggests that this restriction is because the chains fail to interact rather than the inability of the target cells to recognize both chains. PMID- 6606016 TI - Development of peroxisomes in amphibians. III. Study on liver, kidney, and intestine during thyroxine-induced metamorphosis. AB - This investigation was undertaken to study the ontogeny of hepatic, renal, and intestinal peroxisomes and/or microperoxisomes during thyroxine-induced anuran metamorphosis. Catalase activity was localized cytochemically after incubation in DAB medium, and studied biochemically by a spectrophotometric method. Our morphological and biochemical investigations suggest the formation of a new population of peroxisomes during the hormonal treatment. This is obvious especially for microperoxisomes of the intestinal epithelium since the larval tissue is completely replaced by a new layer during thyroxine-induced metamorphosis. For the peroxisomes of hepatocytes and kidney proximal tubule cells, our assumption is based on the following observations: 1) The number of peroxisomes increases in liver and kidney during thyroxine treatment; 2) this proliferation is accompanied by an enlargement of renal peroxisomes; and 3) 16 days after the beginning of the hormonal treatment, 5.4- and 2.4-fold increases are found for the specific activities of hepatic and renal catalase, respectively. A temporal coordination exists between the structure and the metabolism of peroxisomes and mitochondria during thyroxine-induced metamorphosis. PMID- 6606015 TI - Interleukin 2 induces antigen-reactive T cell lines to secrete BCGF-I. AB - Antigen-activated T lymphocytes produce within 24 h of stimulation a factor that is indistinguishable biochemically and functionally from the B cell co stimulating growth factor, BCGF-I, originally identified in induced EL4 supernatants: Supernatants from antigen-stimulated T cell lines are not directly mitogenic for resting B cells, but synergize in an H-2-unrestricted manner with anti-Ig activated B cells to produce polyclonal proliferation but not antibody forming-cell development; biochemical studies reveal the B cell co-stimulating factor present in antigen-stimulated T cell line supernatants is identical by phenyl Sepharose chromatography and isoelectric focusing (IEF) to EL4 supernatant BCGF-I. We thus conclude that normal T cells produce BCGF-I in response to antigenic stimulation. Analysis of the mechanism of BCGF-I production by antigen stimulated T cells showed that optimum amounts of BCGF-I were obtained as quickly as 24 h post-stimulation, and that the factor producing cells in the T cell line investigated bore the Lyt-1+2- phenotype. As few as 10(4) T cells produced sufficient BCGF-I to support the proliferation of 5 X 10(4) purified anti-Ig activated B cells. Finally, the activation of normal T cell lines to produce BCGF I required either antigen presented in the context of syngeneic antigen presenting cells (APC) or interleukin 2 (IL-2). PMID- 6606017 TI - Auditory evoked cortical responses to frequency glides in subjects with retrocochlear hearing impairment. AB - Auditory cortical responses evoked by stimulation with frequency glides of a continuous tone have been recorded from 44 subjects with intracranial tumours affecting auditory function. Response latencies obtained when stimulating the ear on the side of the tumour were different from the non-tumour ear as well as from groups with cochlear impairment and normal hearing. Tumours caused a reduction of a specific sensitivity to the frequency glide stimulation, affecting further processing of the dynamic change in tone frequency. The test appears to have diagnostic potential. PMID- 6606018 TI - Compensatory hypertrophy of the soleus in tumor-bearing rats. AB - Compensatory hypertrophy of the rat soleus was compared between normal rats (N) and rats bearing a non-metastasizing mammary tumor (TB). Two weeks after the tumor inoculation, introduced subcutaneously on the midline of the upper back, the two groups of rats underwent unilateral tenotomy of the plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles to induce functional overload or compensatory hypertrophy of the soleus. One week later, the body weight (BW), wet muscle weights (MW), percent of Type I (slow-twitch) and Type II (fast-twitch) muscle fibers and contractile parameters of the isometric twitch (Pt) and tetanic (Po) tensions were evaluated. The TB animals did not show any signs of cancer cachexia. The sham-operated control soleus muscles of the two groups were similar in wet MW, maximum isometric Pt and Po. The latent period (LP), the contraction time (CT), the half relaxation time (HRT) and the number of Type I (slow-twitch) fibers were increased significantly. The hypertrophied muscles in the N and TB rats showed significant declines in the maximum isometric Pt, compared to their respective controls. These data suggest that the compensatory hypertrophy of muscle is expressed similarly in both the normal and tumor-bearing rats but that it interferes with the generation of isometric twitch tension in the muscle. PMID- 6606019 TI - Immunomodulatory activities of human leukocyte interferon in advanced cancer patients. AB - Natural killing and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 33 advanced cancer patients were monitored during the course of treatment with human leukocyte interferon in a phase I trial. Ten patients receiving 10 to 60 X 10(6) international units (IU)/m2 in a single injection showed augmentation of cytolytic activity above pretreatment values. The most typical response consisted of a decrease in activity at day 1 followed by a significant increase on day 3 with a return to baseline at day 7. No clearcut minimal immunomodulatory dose was achieved, although four of six patients treated at 60 X 10(6) IU/m6 showed increased activity at day 3. Of these, three subsequently received repeated 60 X 10(6) IU/m2 doses on a weekly basis, and two of these showed repetitive augmentation after 3-4 weeks. PMID- 6606020 TI - Pyran (MVE-5) reverses the inhibition of macrophage receptors for cytophilic antibody induced by soluble immune complexes. AB - Soluble antigen-antibody (Ag-Ab) complexes, composed of 3 M KCl-extracted leukemia L1210 antigens and antibody to L1210, given to C57B1/6 mice caused immunosuppression in the mice. This was reflected in part by (a) the inhibition of cytophilic antibody receptors on peritoneal macrophages and (b) decreased phagocytic activity of the macrophages. Pyran copolymer MVE-5 given to the mice either 4 h before, or 5 or 8 days after, the Ag-Ab complexes abrogated this suppression. Macrophages from MVE-5-treated mice attached cytophilic antibodies to L1210 to the same extent as normal macrophages, despite the concomitant or previous administration of immune complexes. Macrophages from normal or immune complex-treated mice given MVE-5 were more phagocytic than their counterparts from groups not given MVE-5. All of these effects of MVE-5 required 3-5 days to become manifest. Thymocytes or spleen T cells from mice treated with Ag-Ab complexes adoptively transfer the suppression to normal syngeneic mice. Treatment of the mice with MVE-5 4 h before the immune complexes abrogated the ability of T cells to transfer the suppression. However, MVE-5 given 5 or 8 days after Ag-Ab complexes did not affect the adoptive transfer of suppression, even when the testing of macrophages in recipients of T cells was performed 10 days after transfer. Treatment of normal mice with MVE-5 enabled their spleen or thymus T cells to prevent, but not reverse, the inhibition of macrophages upon adoptive transfer. Thus, the transfer of T cells from MVE-5-treated mice antagonized suppression if performed 4 h before administering immune complexes, whereas such "activated" T cells were ineffective when transferred 5 or 8 days later. MVE-5 apparently prevented the generation of suppressor inducer T cells, but once generated, these cells could not be directly antagonized by MVE-5 or by T cells stimulated by this agent. MVE-5 significantly activated peritoneal macrophages in T-cell-depleted mice, as well as in normal mice. The ability to form cytophilic antibody-mediated rosettes and to kill syngeneic B16 melanoma cells were both enhanced in the T-cell-depleted mice. Pyran copolymer MVE-5 probably exerted direct effects on peritoneal macrophages and an indirect effect through T cells in overcoming the suppressive effects of Ag-Ab complexes on macrophages. PMID- 6606021 TI - Role of T-lymphocyte subsets in tumor rejection: implications for developing biological response modifiers and monitoring tumor--host interactions during tumor development. PMID- 6606022 TI - Direct antiproliferative effects of cyclosporin A on murine lymphoreticular tumor cells in culture. AB - Cyclosporin A (CSA) has been shown to prevent mouse spleen cell blast formation in response to concanavalin A (con A) and to inhibit lymphocyte proliferation. In the presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2), however, the proliferation of preformed blasts is not affected by CSA. We examined the effects of CSA on the growth in culture of several established mouse lymphoreticular tumor-cell lines proliferating independently of exogenous lymphokines. We found that CSA abolished, by direct cytolysis, growth of the T-lymphoma lines, EL4, WEHI22.1, S49.1, RL male 1, WR19L, and YAC. In contrast, growth of the non T-cell lines, S49, P388D1, RAW264.7, PU51.R, P815, P3X63Ag8, and L929, was variably retarded by a noncytocidal action of CSA. The concentration of CSA required for T-cell cytolysis was relatively high and directly related to the numbers of cells treated. Expression of Thy-1 antigen predicted for the susceptibility of a cell line to CSA-induced lysis. At the concentrations used there was no evidence of significant mitotic death following CSA treatment; cells previously exposed to CSA and then washed were able to resume a delayed but otherwise normal pattern of replication. In a preliminary experiment, CSA afforded significant protection to C57BL/6 mice transplanted with syngeneic EL4 cells. The results indicate that CSA, in vitro and in vivo, is a potent antiproliferative agent selective for T cells, and that in the absence of growth factors its inhibitory effects are not limited to early event(s) in the T-cell activation process. PMID- 6606023 TI - Inhibition of interleukin-2-induced proliferation of mouse T cells by normal mouse serum. AB - The effects of serum or plasma from both normal mice and nude mice on the proliferation of cultured T lymphocytes were studied. Normal mouse serum or heparinized plasma was found to significantly inhibit the proliferation of interleukin-2 (IL-2) stimulated cultured T cells, which were either autologous or allogeneic with the serum source. This inhibitory effect was either markedly or completely reversed by adding increased amounts of IL-2 to the cultures. Serum or plasma from nude mice was found to be as inhibitory to the proliferation as serum or plasma from normal mice. Absorption of the plasma with cultured T cells prior to assay did not eliminate or abrogate the plasma's inhibitory effect, but instead slightly increased its inhibitory activity. These studies indicate that serum or plasma from either normal mice or nude mice possesses a factor that can inhibit the proliferation of IL-2-stimulated cultured T cells. This factor probably acts either by interacting directly with the IL-2 or interfering with its stimulatory activity. The fact that adding excess IL-2 can reverse this effect may have important implications in the area of immune modulation and immunotherapy. PMID- 6606024 TI - Determination of organ volume by single photon emission tomography. PMID- 6606025 TI - 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: a metabolite of vitamin D in search of a function. PMID- 6606026 TI - Sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, and radiology in the evaluation of children with rectal bleeding. AB - The authors evaluated the diagnostic role of sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, and double contrast radiology in 103 children with rectal bleeding, with or without other gastrointestinal symptoms. The children's mean age was 44 months, with a range from 1 month to 12 years. In 74.5% of the subjects investigated, visual inspection of the anus and sigmoidoscopy with rectal biopsy disclosed a positive diagnosis. Of the remaining patients, a conclusive diagnosis was reached by either colonoscopy or double contrast radiology in all but six patients. These six, with mild painless hematochezia, remained without a diagnosis. The diagnostic procedure in pediatric patients with rectal bleeding should include an initial visual inspection of the anus, and sigmoidoscopy; air contrast enema and colonoscopy should be performed only in children whose sigmoidoscopy is negative, in diagnostic assessment of inflammatory bowel disease, and in cases of recurrent bleeding after removal of rectal polyps. Colonoscopy is important also in the follow-up examination of children with inflammatory bowel disease and allows the removal of polyps located in the proximal colon. PMID- 6606027 TI - Atypical echographic forms of retinoblastomas. AB - Three cases of histologically proven retinoblastoma are presented whose unusual clinical appearance suggested that ultrasonographic studies should be carried out. These cases exhibited an atypical pattern different from those previously described, and were clinically and ultrasonographically misdiagnosed as endophthalmitis. PMID- 6606028 TI - Gastric devascularization--an emergency treatment for hemorrhagic gastritis in the neonate. AB - A newborn baby suffering from massive hemorrhage due to erosive gastritis, was treated successfully by devascularization of the stomach which is a rather simple procedure. Experience with adults as well as with this patient justifies the use of this operation when other measures fail to stop massive bleeding in hemorrhagic gastritis. PMID- 6606029 TI - Prevention of fetal growth retardation by buffy-coat transfusions--a case report. AB - A case is described with two previous unsuccessful pregnancies (one missed abortion and one severe fetal intrauterine growth retardation ending in fetal death). Examination showed that the patient and her husband each share one antigen of the HLA-A and -B series. In spite of two previous pregnancies the patient had no lymphocytotoxic antibodies. The patient then received 5 buffy-coat pool transfusions and the sera reacted with an increasing number of panel cells (Fig. 1). A mature healthy infant was born at term. We consider that the cytotoxic antibodies achieved, took over a protective function for the later undisturbed progress of the pregnancy. This may be a possible way of preventing intrauterine growth retardation caused by immunologic factors. PMID- 6606030 TI - Puberty gingivitis in insulin-dependent diabetic children. I. Cross-sectional observations. AB - This cross-sectional study examined the gingivitis occurring at puberty in a population of insulin-dependent juvenile diabetics. Seventy-seven children between the ages of 6 and 15 years were examined for gingivitis levels, stages of pubertal maturation and blood levels of glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin. Bacterial plaque was sampled from one or more approximal tooth surfaces of every subject and cultured under anaerobic and aerobic conditions on nonselective and selective media. The total cultivable flora and percentage of certain presumptive periodontopathic bacteria were determined. Before puberty, children with "high" levels of glycosylated hemoglobin also had higher gingivitis levels than children with "normal" metabolic control of diabetes. During puberty, the level of gingivitis increased independently from both fasting blood glucose levels and per cent glycosylated hemoglobin. The microbiota of marginal plaque was predominantly composed of facultatively anaerobic bacteria. The percentages of Capnocytophaga sp and Actinomyces naeslundii were statistically higher at the onset of puberty, suggesting that a specific bacterial shift in the microbial composition of marginal plaque occurs in response to host changes in juvenile diabetic children at this age period. PMID- 6606031 TI - [Effects of combined administration of DL-3-pyridylalanine and 5-hydroxy-L tryptophan on brain and peripheral tissue serotonin contents in rats]. PMID- 6606032 TI - Increased cytotoxicity of N6-(delta 2-isopentenyl)adenosine in combination with pentostatin against L-1210 leukemia cells. AB - Pentostatin (I), a tight-binding inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, was evaluated in combination with the partially effective antitumor nucleoside N6-(delta 2 isopentenyl)adenosine (II) for cytotoxic activity against cultured L-1210 lymphocytic mouse leukemia cells. Although I alone (less than or equal to 10 micrograms/ml) was ineffective, it significantly potentiated and prolonged the cytotoxic and cytostatic activities of II. The combination of I (2-10 micrograms/ml) with II (25 micrograms/ml) resulted in inhibition of cellular proliferation (80-96%) within 24 hr with maintenance at that level for an extended period of time due to the continued ability of I to prevent the facile deamination of the allylic side chain of II. This type of adjuvant chemoprotection has potential use for other labile oncologic agents. PMID- 6606033 TI - Analysis of folinic acid in human serum using high-performance liquid chromatography with amperometric detection. AB - An assay for the separation and quantification of folinic acid in serum was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Folinic acid was extracted from serum using a C18 minicolumn treated with dibasic ammonium phosphate. The drug was eluted from this column with methanol, which was evaporated under a nitrogen stream at 50 degrees. The mobile phase, pH 3.5 ammonium phosphate buffer-methanol-acetonitrile (93:4:3), was pumped at a flow rate of 3.0 ml/min. The recovery of folinic acid added to human serum was 101.11 +/- 8.5% (mean +/- SD). A plot of folinic acid peak height as a function of concentration was linear over the range of 2.5 X 10(-7) to 2.5 X 10( 6) M. Neither methotrexate nor other reduced folates interfered with the analysis of folinic acid. Sample preparation and analysis can be completed within 2 min of sample collection. PMID- 6606034 TI - Measurement and modification of free calcium transients in frog skeletal muscle fibres by a metallochromic indicator dye. AB - Myoplasmic free calcium transients were monitored with the metallochromic indicator dye Antipyrylazo III (AP III) in single frog skeletal muscle fibres cut at both ends, stretched so as to minimize or eliminate contractile filament overlap and voltage clamped using a double-Vaseline-gap system (approximately 6 degrees C). The dye entered the central fibre segment by diffusion from the solution applied to the two cut ends. The diffusion coefficient of AP III was about 20 times lower in the fibre than in solution. This very slow diffusion was not due to binding of dye since the ratio of bound to free dye obtained from analysis of the diffusion was only about 0.45. For a given depolarizing pulse, the ratio of dye-related absorbance changes delta A at 720 and 550 nm was the same as that produced on adding calcium to dye in calibrating solution, indicating that these signals were due to changes in myoplasmic calcium. The delta A signals at 700 or 720 nm were used to monitor transient changes in concentration of calcium-dye complex [CaD2] and of free calcium [Ca] in the myofilament space. By applying the same pulse at different times during dye entry, it was observed that increasing dye concentrations [D]T produced the following effects: (a) [CaD2] was increased; (b) [Ca] was decreased at early times during a pulse; (c) a declining phase of [Ca] observed at late times during pulses was decreased and finally reversed to a slow rising phase at high [D]T; (d) the decay of [Ca] after the pulse was slowed. Analyses of the effects of [D]T on (a) the magnitude of [CaD2] at a given early time during the calcium release produced by pulses to a given voltage and on (b) the time constant for [Ca] decay after a pulse were both consistent with a calcium: dye stoichiometry of 1:2 in the fibre as found in calibrating solution. Analysis of the effect of [D]T on the [Ca] decay time constants also revealed the presence of intrinsic rapidly equilibrating myoplasmic calcium binding sites and provided the basis for obtaining estimates of the combined concentration [Ca] of free calcium plus calcium bound to such sites. Unlike the estimates of [Ca], these estimates of [Ca] are independent of the value of the calcium-dye dissociation constant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6606035 TI - Potassium contractures in mouse limb muscles. AB - The force of contractures produced by 14-400 mM-K+ (as methanesulphonate) was measured in whole mouse soleus (sol.), extensor digitorum longus (e.d.l.), and in bundles from these muscles. Frog semitendinosus muscles were used for comparison. Whole mouse muscles displayed biphasic contracture responses lasting more than 5 min when provoked by 150m M-K+. Contractures of bundles dissected from these muscles were monophasic and had a short duration. The time required for the muscle bundles to contract and relax to 1/2 maximum force (T) was an inverse function of [K+]. T was increased by lowering [K+] from 400 to 50 mM by a factor of 8.3 and 7.0 in proximal and distal portions of sol. and by a factor of 4.2 and 2.8 in proximal and distal portions of e.d.l., respectively. The force-[K+] relation was steeper for sol. than for e.d.l., and the proximal portions were more sensitive to K+ than the distal portions, particularly in e.d.l. The capability of the muscles to produce force in response to 400 mM-K+ after a 10 min exposure to 30 or 50 mM-K+ was high in sol., somewhat lower in proximal parts of e.d.l. and in frog semitendinosus, and lowest in distal parts of e.d.l. It was concluded that K contractures of mouse muscles are basically monophasic, and that biphasic contractures of whole muscles arise because of K+-diffusion delays, slow responses to intermediate [K+], and differences in responsiveness of the fibres contained in a particular muscle. PMID- 6606036 TI - Immunocytes, enterocytes and the lamina propria: an immunopathological framework of coeliac disease. PMID- 6606037 TI - Bursal and thymic reticular epithelial cells in the chicken: preparation of in vitro monolayer cultures. AB - To study the nature of reticular epithelial (REp) cells and their role in the specific microenvironments of the chicken bursa and thymus, a method was developed for the in vitro culture of purified preparations of these cells. For comparison, similar cultures of splenic adherent cells were also performed. REp cell-rich bursa medullary follicles and mildly trypsinized thymic fragments were X-irradiated (850 rad) to eliminate remaining lymphocytes and transferred to culture flasks. In bursal cultures, after 2-4 days incubation the basement membrane (BM) encapsulating the follicles disrupted and the immediately underlying epithelial cells grew out as a monolayer. By 10 days, REp cells at the periphery developed cytoplasmic processes; occasionally these cells appeared to "bud-off" and grow as isolated dendritic cells. Thymic REp cells were generally slower to proliferate but formed a monolayer by 10-14 days. Splenic adherent cells developed extensive growth within 4 days. REp cells were distinguished from fibroblasts, when present, morphologically and by their limited phagocytic ability. The former were also periodic acid-Sciffs reagent (PAS)-positive and produced reticulin granules. Bursal REp cells were also positive for a gut associated mucin, but this may have been bound in vivo prior to culture. Neither T nor B lymphocyte-specific antigens were detectable on the cultured REp cells or splenic adherent cells, but they were all rich in cytoplasmic actin. A major feature of REp cells to emerge in this study was the obvious presence of subpopulations of these cells, which raises important questions as to their exact nature and lineage. The accompanying paper details the ability of the bursal and thymic REp cell cultures to induce B-or T-lymphocyte differentiation, respectively, in vitro. PMID- 6606039 TI - Analysis of lymphocyte subsets in the blood of rheumatoid arthritis patients: correlation with disease activity. AB - Various erythrocyte rosette forming cells (ERFC) were quantified in 111 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA): total-ERFC (t-RFC), active-ERFC (act-ERFC), autologous-ERFC (auto-ERFC) and high affinity erythrocyte-antibody rosette forming cells (EA-RFC). B lymphocytes were counted using a direct immunofluorescence method. A decrease in act-ERFC and an increase in high affinity EA-RFC was found, but only the levels of the former correlated with the degree of inflammation and may be regarded as an indicator of clinical activity. Conversely, numbers of t-ERFC, auto-ERFC and B lymphocytes were found to be approximately normal. There was no correlation between the level of act-ERFC and the presence of rheumatoid factor, circulating immune complexes or antinuclear antibodies. PMID- 6606038 TI - Preliminary observations on danazol therapy of systemic lupus erythematosus: effects on DNA antibodies, thrombocytopenia and complement. AB - Seven patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were treated with Danazol in a controlled study. Phenomena observed in some patients treated with Danazol were: 1) decrease in immunoglobulins and antibodies to native DNA; 2) increases in serum complement and platelets; and 3) clinical improvement. Ineffective drug trials were associated with increasing disease activity. Drug side effects were minimal. It appears that the drug may have an ameliorative effect on mildly active SLE patients and sometimes a marked effect on thrombocytopenia. Further evaluation of Danazol appears to be warranted for these types of patients but not for treatment of acute or severe forms of the disease. PMID- 6606040 TI - Digital ulcers/gangrene and immunoglobulin classes/complement fixation of anti dsDNA in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. AB - The immunoglobulin classes/complement fixation of anti-dsDNA were studied in sera obtained from 17 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with digital ulcers and/or gangrene (Group A); 13 SLE patients with leg ulcer, peripheral neuropathy or livedo (Group B); 24 SLE patients with Raynaud's phenomenon (Group C); and 18 SLE patients with active lupus nephritis (Group D). Antibodies to dsDNA of IgG and IgA classes were commonly present (often in high titers) in Groups A and D. However, complement fixation of anti-dsDNA was more common in Group D than in any of the other 3 groups. PMID- 6606041 TI - In vivo antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in biopsies of normal skin: diagnostic significance and relation to serum ANA. AB - Epidermal nuclear Ig deposition (in vivo ANA) was observed in 54 out of 1,717 skin biopsy specimens routinely examined by immunofluorescence. Patterns were speckled (26), homogeneous (24), or nucleolar (3). The speckled pattern was sensitive (94%) but less specific (58%) for mixed connective tissue disease. The homogeneous pattern, found in SLE and scleroderma, was neither sensitive nor specific for those diseases. The nucleolar pattern was infrequently observed in scleroderma. Patterns of in vivo ANA and serum ANA did not correspond in 24% of patients. In vivo ANA were restricted to IgG class; serum ANA in 78% of patients were also of IgM class and in 37% of IgA class. The discrepancies between in vivo and serum ANA suggest that in vivo ANA is a true in vivo phenomenon. PMID- 6606042 TI - High prevalence of HLA-All in Thai seronegative spondyloarthropathies. AB - Forty-three patients with an established diagnosis of seronegative spondyloarthropathies (SNSA) were studied. There was an increase in the prevalence of HLA-All and HLA-B27 compared to controls. Twenty-nine of 43 patients (67%) studied had HLA-All and 29 also had B27 compared to 30.4% and 5.1%, respectively, in the controls (p less than 0.001 and less than 0.0001, respectively). The occurrence of HLA-B27 and HLA-All phenotype was not significantly associated in either the patient or the control groups (p greater than 0.75). These observations strengthen the hypothesis that genetic determinants in addition to HLA-B27 are of importance in the pathogenesis of SNSA. PMID- 6606043 TI - 2-Phenylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ones. A new class of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs devoid of ulcerogenic activity. AB - Syntheses of some pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines were performed in order to study the relationship between structural modifications on the parent 4,7-dihydro-2 phenylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-one (1) and their antiinflammatory properties. The modifications carried out were introduction and functionalization of a longer side chain at the 4-position, substitution of the hydrogen atom at the 3 position, and replacement of the phenyl group with a 4-methylphenyl, methyl, or hydrogen substituent. 4-Ethyl-4,7-dihydro-2-phenylpyrazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-one (3) showed the highest activity and a better therapeutic index than phenylbutazone and indomethacin, used as reference drugs. All other changes at the 3-, 5-, and 6-positions, as well as the replacement of the phenyl group at position 2, caused a marked decrease of activity. Compound 3 was found devoid of ulcerogenic activity and was probably endowed with antiulcerogenic properties. PMID- 6606044 TI - Polyplax serrata (Phthiraptera: Hoplopleuridae): effects of cortisone and cyclophosphamide on the acquired resistance response of mice to lice. PMID- 6606045 TI - Clinical problem-solving skills of internists trained in the problem-oriented system. AB - In the study reported here, the authors test the hypothesis that internists completing residencies in a highly structured, problem-oriented residency program approach clinical problem-solving differently than do internists whose residencies were not problem-oriented. The vehicle for the study was the certifying examination of the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) in 1978, 1979, and 1980. Performance on patient management problems (PMPs) and multiple choice questions was analyzed for candidates for ABIM certification whose residency had been problem-oriented, for candidates whose residencies had been classified as nonproblem-oriented, and for the national pool of U.S. medical graduates. Internists trained in the problem-oriented residency program achieved significantly higher PMP scores than did the national pool in two of the three years and on true-false questions in one of the years. No differences were detected between the problem-oriented group and their nonproblem-oriented colleagues. PMID- 6606046 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the interaction between Haemophilus influenzae and organ cultures of rat trachea. AB - Organ cultures of rat trachea inoculated with either a type b or a non-capsulated strain of Haemophilus influenzae showed loss of ciliary activity and disruption of the mucosal surface. Examination of tissue pieces by scanning electronmicroscopy showed that mucosal damage was due to the sloughing of epithelial cells. Bacteria associated with the epithelial surface were seen infrequently and this, together with the observation that sloughed cells were usually free of adherent bacteria, indicated that bacterial attachment was not a necessary prerequisite for the production of tissue damage. PMID- 6606048 TI - Acute complement activation during an anaphylactoid reaction to blood transfusion and the disappearance rate of C3c and C3d from the circulation. AB - A patient experienced an anaphylactoid shock after receiving a transfusion with 5 10 ml of leucocyte-depleted blood. Complement measurements revealed pronounced elevation of split products of the third complement factor (C3c and C3d), normal but fluctuating levels of native C3, significantly decreased levels of C4, normal factor B concentrations and low levels of factor B split products. The results indicate complement activation via the classical pathway as a causative mechanism of the anaphylactoid shock, and suggest an antigen-antibody reaction as the etiological factor. The nature of the antigen-antibody reaction initiating the complement activation could not be established. The disappearance rate (T/2) of C3d from the plasma after the acute C-activation was measured to approximately 4 hr, and the half life of C3c was significantly shorter. PMID- 6606047 TI - In vitro enhancement of peripheral blood mononuclear cell natural killer activity following short term incubation with fetal calf serum. AB - This study demonstrates that short term incubation of blood mononuclear cells (MC) in heterologous sera enhances their natural killer (NK) but not their antibody dependent killer (K) activity, and confirms that NK stimulation is not related to blastogenesis. MC were obtained from healthy donors and incubated with RPMI 1640 supplemented with various serum sources. NK and K activity of incubated vs. fresh MC against SK-N-SH, Chang or Raji cell line targets were compared in a 4-hr 51Cr release assay. A significant (p less 0.01) increase in NK cytotoxicity was detected when MC were incubated with fetal calf serum (FCS) or human AB serum (ABS) at 37 degrees C. When a more sensitive NK target cell (K-562) was used only the cells incubated in FCS demonstrated increased NK cytotoxicity. Augmentation of NK cell activity by FCS was not related to blastogenesis, mitosis, natural antibodies against lymphocytes or target cells, immunoglobulin complexes or alterations in MC OKT4 and OKT8 subpopulations. In contrast to NK activity, K cytotoxicity was not increased after incubation at 37 degrees C in FCS or ABS, and it was depressed in IPT (p less than 0.05). Thus FCS is capable of stimulating NK cell activity against human tumor cell lines in less in less than 24 hr. PMID- 6606050 TI - Update on the New Jersey State Cancer Registry. PMID- 6606049 TI - Ion activities in the lateral intercellular spaces of gallbladder epithelium transporting at low external osmolarities. AB - The ion activities in the lateral spaces of the unilateral preparation of the gallbladder of Rana catesbiana were measured by double-barrelled ion-selective microelectrodes. The bladders were bathed in a saline solution with a low osmolarity (62 mOsm) containing, in mM: 27 Na+, 27 Cl-, 2 K+, 1 Ca++, 4 HCO3-. Working at reduced osmolarities had the advantage of an increased volume transport and of widened intercellular spaces. The reference barrel recorded an electrical potential of +2.7 mV in the spaces; they contained a solution similar to the external solution. The electrodes recorded a Na+ concentration of 27 mM, a K+ concentration of 1.7 mM, a Ca++ concentration of 0.69 mM and a Cl- concentration of 28.5 mM. In the spaces there was a lower resistance between the tip of the electrode and the serosal bath than that recorded with the tip in the lumen, and injection of fluorescent dye (11 A diameter) via the electrodes did not stain the cells. The concentrations in the secretion were similar to those in the spaces. The intracellular compartment had an apparent K+ concentration of 95 mM, and the concentrations of Na+ and Cl- were both about 5 mM. These data indicate that when the gallbladder is bathed with hypotonic solutions and is transporting fluid at approximately three or four times the normal rate, there are no significant osmotic gradients between the lumen and the lateral spaces. It is suggested that transcellular transport of water is implemented by a combination of high osmotic permeabilities across both mucosal and serosal cell membranes and low reflection coefficients (for K+ salts) at the serosal cell membranes. PMID- 6606051 TI - Radiologic seminar CCXXXIII: Visualization of Meckel's diverticulum by radionuclide imaging. PMID- 6606052 TI - Posttraumatic meningitis due to Hemophilus influenzae type A. AB - Posttraumatic meningitis is uncommon in children. This case report describes a 4 year-old child with this complication caused by an unusual type of Hemophilus influenzae. The efficacy of routine use of antibiotics in preventing posttraumatic meningitis remains uncertain. However, this report suggests that in the presence of prolonged fever and clinical evidence of a dural tear, antibiotic treatment is warranted. PMID- 6606053 TI - The uninhibited bladder in children: effect of treatment on recurrence of urinary infection and on vesicoureteral reflux resolution. AB - We studied and treated prospectively 62 neurologically normal children with vesicoureteral reflux using urodynamic techniques to identify uninhibited bladder contractions with voluntary sphincteric obstruction (dyssynergia). All children received antibiotic prophylaxis. Anticholinergic drugs were used additionally to treat uninhibited bladder contractions. During 6 years of followup treatment of uninhibited contractions produced a 4-fold reduction in the incidence of recurrent urinary infection and tripled the rate of reflux resolution compared to controls. These data suggest that uninhibited contractions with voluntary sphincter obstruction are an important prognostic finding in children with reflux, which when treated successfully can alter the disease course and may make surgical therapy of reflux unnecessary for some. PMID- 6606054 TI - Propranolol withdrawal and variceal hemorrhage. PMID- 6606055 TI - Jejeunal variceal hemorrhage: an unusual complication of needle catheter jejeunostomy. AB - Needle catheter jejeunostomy is a useful method for providing fluid and nutritional support in selected patients after laparotomy. The technique is widely used, and complications are infrequent. We report herein a new complication of this procedure. A cirrhotic patient with portal hypertension underwent needle catheter jejeunostomy subsequent to esophageal transection for esophageal hemorrhage. The catheter functioned satisfactorily in the postoperative period and was removed before discharge. Approximately 1 yr later, gastrointestinal hemorrhage recurred which was localized to the site of the previous needle catheter jejeunostomy. Portasystemic collaterals between the small bowel and the abdominal wall at the jejeunostomy were the source of bleeding. Take-down of the jejeunostomy site and resection of the involved bowel successfully controlled hemorrhage. Needle catheter jejeunostomy may be contraindicated in patients with portal hypertension. PMID- 6606057 TI - Human T and B cell derived malignancies. PMID- 6606056 TI - [Detection of anti-ATLA (adult T-cell leukemia virus-associated antigen) in the sera of lymphoid malignancies in Kanto area]. PMID- 6606058 TI - Nodal B-cell lymphomas in Japan--particularly in Tohoku district. AB - There are different frequencies in the immunological phenotypes of malignant lymphomas in Tohoku and Kyushu districts of Japan. In the Tohoku district, the northern area of Honshu, B-cell lymphomas are more preponderant than T-cell lymphomas. This is just the reverse on the islands of Kyushu and Shikoku. Histologically diffuse lymphoma of large cell type, formerly termed reticulum cell sarcoma or histiocytic lymphoma, was the most frequent (48%) among B-cell lymphomas. It is characteristic of B-cell lymphoma that immunoglobulin is produced in either or both the cellular surface and cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic IgM in lymphoma cells was mainly detected by an electron microscopic enzyme-labeled method. Cytoplasmic-Ig was present both in the nuclear membrane and endoplasmic reticulum. This technique is particularly useful in medium-sized lymphoma cells because of the scanty cytoplasmic rim making light microscopic evaluation difficult. Histological transition from follicular to diffuse pattern is characterized by a change of cellular arrangement from labyrinth-like cellular connections in follicular lymphoma to more simple connections in diffuse lymphoma. The transition is also supported by the fact that a higher deoxyribonucleic acid content is observed in large cells than medium-sized cells in follicular lymphoma. The data also supports the hypothesis that a diffuse lymphoma evolved from follicular lymphoma mainly occurs in cases of large cell lymphomas. PMID- 6606059 TI - B-cell lymphomas of extranodal origin. AB - Four hundred and forty-eight cases of malignant lymphoma in Tokyo University Hospital and Tokyo University Branch Hospital from 1955 to 1980 were found to be of extranodal origin. Extranodal lymphomas originated most frequently from the tonsils. The second commonest site was the stomach. The pharynx, nose and paranasal cavities, skin, subcutaneous tissue and soft part, intestine, orbita, and thyroid followed in order of frequency. These lymphomas of the nose and paranasal cavities, pharynx, tonsil, orbita, stomach, intestine, thyroid and skin were classified as B-cell type, T-cell type or "undecided," based on their morphology. In some of them, data from the immunoperoxidase test and/or immunological studies of surface markers were added. In lymphomas of the pharynx, tonsil, orbita, stomach, intestine and thyroid, the B-cell type was predominant. This suggests that in the extranodal sites in which a large amount of lymphoid tissue has been demonstrated physiologically and/or in which reactive lymphoid hyperplasia is frequently found, lymphomas of the B-cell type may occur more frequently. On the other hand, in the nose and paranasal cavities, lymphomas of the T-cell type were found as frequently as B-cell type. It is noteworthy that in all three cases that showed clinical features of so-called "rhinitis gangrenosa," had lymphomas belonging to the T-cell type. Also in the skin, T-cell lymphomas were found to be as common as B-cell type lymphomas, when cases of characteristic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma were excluded. PMID- 6606060 TI - Epidemiological features of B-cell lymphoma in japan. AB - Age-adjusted incidence rates for malignant lymphomas in eastern Asian countries except for the Kyushu district of Japan are lower than those in northern European, North and South American and Oceanian countries. Particularly, the incidence rates for Hodgkin's disease and follicular lymphoma are remarkably low in eastern Asian countries. Immunological and clinico-pathological analyses suggested that the estimated rate of incidence of extra-nodal B-cell lymphoma in Japan is not very different from that in the U.S.A. However, their primary sites differ as seen in gastrointestinal lymphomas, most of which are included in extranodal B-cell lymphoma. It is interesting epidemiologically that patients with colorectal lymphoma, whose distribution is closely correlated with that of colorectal cancer in both countries, is much rarer in Japan than in the U.S.A. From the epidemiological viewpoint, extranodal B-cell lymphoma in Japan could be classified by the difference in possible risk factors as follows; lymphoma of the alimentary tract, lymphoma of solid organs, lymphoma of the liver and spleen, medullary or extramedullary plasmacytoma, and Burkitt's lymphoma. In order to clarify the possible risk factors for each type of extranodal B-cell lymphoma including chronic lymphocytic leukemia of B-cell type, it seems necessary to conduct collaborative nationwide epidemiological studies in Japan. PMID- 6606061 TI - Adult T-cell leukemia observed at Niigata University Hospital. AB - Eight patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) were observed at Niigata University Hospital during the last seven years. They had typical hematological findings of ATL. All patients tested possessed both natural antibody against ATL associated antigens (ATLA) in the serum and ATLA in peripheral mononuclear cells. These findings agree with the results of virological analysis in patients with ATL in other areas of Japan and human T-cell leukemia (HTL) in the U.S.A. Six out of the eight patients were native residents of Sado Island in Niigata Prefecture. They showed somewhat different clinical features from patients in other endemic areas and a variety of skin lesions. It was noticeable that the skin lesion regressed spontaneously in two patients. In view of the fact that the total population of this island is about 80,000, the incidence of ATL is thought to be high. Immunological studies were performed in our patients and the immunological background of ATL is discussed. PMID- 6606062 TI - [The structure of problem recognition and problem sharing]. PMID- 6606063 TI - Mechanical, electrical, and morphological characteristics of skeletal muscle fibers from Xenopus and other species of frogs. AB - Mechanical, electrical, and morphological properties of iliofibularis or semitendinosus of Xenopus laevis, Rana catesbeiana, and Rana nigromaculata were investigated in an attempt to find out the differences between them which will give the basic knowledge for the study of excitation-contraction coupling. With application of electrical stimulation, a single muscle fiber from Xenopus contracted at a faster rate of rise than did the other muscles tested. The maximum rate of rise (Tmax) of tension was in the order of Xenopus, R. catesbeiana, and R. nigromaculata. Ca2+ sensitivity and Tmax of mechanically skinned fibers of Xenopus resembled those of R. catesbeiana. Xenopus muscle had a small cross-sectional area of T-tubule compared with that in other species and the action potential exhibited a small positive-going hump. The volume density of the terminal cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) to the myofibril was the largest in the Xenopus muscle, with a statistically significant difference. Therefore, the Xenopus muscle appears to be good material for investigation of mechanisms related to Ca2+ release from SR, as elicited by the excitation of T tubules. PMID- 6606064 TI - Effects of local anesthetics on the pulmonary mechanoreceptors of the perfused frog lung. PMID- 6606065 TI - Transfer factor in restoration of cell mediated immunity in lung cancer patients. AB - We studied the transfer factor (TF) with regard to in vivo and in vitro restoration of cell mediated immunity (CMI) in lung cancer patients. Twenty-eight lung cancer patients who had undergone resection were the recipients and 30 household contact family members with a positive reactivity to lung cancer extract were the donors of TF. Immunologic status was evaluated by delayed type cutaneous hypersensitivity (DTH), peripheral T lymphocyte number, PHA lymphocyte blastogenesis, serum blocking activity (SBA) and leucocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) test. When TF was administered twice subcutaneously to the patients, there was a statistically significant restoration or augmentation of DTH, PHA lymphocyte blastogenesis and abrogation of SBA, particularly in patients with suppressed CMI. These results suggest that it was the TF obtained from relatives of lung cancer patients with positive reactivity to tumor associated antigens restored or augmented tumor specific and nonspecific CMI in these lung cancer patients. PMID- 6606066 TI - [Treatment of pain in patients with ischemic heart disease and osteochondrosis of the cervicothoracic vertebrae]. AB - A total of 124 patients with coronary disease (CD) and vertebral osteochondrosis (76 males and 48 females) were examined. Extended vertebral osteochondrosis was diagnosed in 68 patients, cervical osteochondrosis in 29, cervicothoracal osteochondrosis in 27. The patients were investigated by means of spinal X-ray, electro- and vectorcardiography, tetrapolar rheography. Bicycle ergometry was used in 72 patients, and tele-electrocardiography in 52, to uncover latent coronary insufficiency. Anginal manifestations, cardiac as well as extracardiac in origin, were shown to be numerous and varied, with CD signs being combined with symptoms typical for vertebral osteochondrosis with the visceral syndrome. The treatment with antianginal drugs in combination with orthopedic procedures was effective in 92.6% of the patients. PMID- 6606067 TI - [Emergency coronary surgery]. AB - The authors report their experience with combined investigation and surgical treatment of patients with threatened myocardial infarction and those with postinfarction rupture of the interventricular septum. Direct reconstruction of coronary arteries was performed in 12 of 17 patients with threatened myocardial infarction (three patients died, two of cardiac complications). In the survivors, anginal signs either disappeared or became less pronounced. The correction of interventricular septum rupture was performed in 8 patients, three of whom died. The remaining five patients showed obvious improvement. PMID- 6606068 TI - Vitamin D metabolism in nephrotic rats. AB - Vitamin D metabolites were measured in sera of normal, vitamin D deficient and nonazotemic nephrotic rats. The concentrations of all metabolites were reduced in nephrotic and vitamin D deficient animals although 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D values remained relatively normal in the nephrotic group. Twenty-four hours after the intravenous injection of tritiated 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, approximately 34% of the injected radioactivity appeared in the urine of the nephrotic animals compared with 0.4% in the controls. In extracts from nephrotic sera subjected to high performance liquid chromatography, the percentage of radioactive counts comigrating with 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol was significantly increased. The various metabolites were present in urine in approximately the same ratios as in serum. Dynamic histomorphometry of tibial metaphyses showed no abnormality. Urinary losses of vitamin D metabolites constitute the major cause for low serum values in nephrotic rats. The apparent synthetic rates are not impaired. PMID- 6606069 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygenation in gastrointestinal hemorrhage of nontumor etiology]. PMID- 6606070 TI - [Operation technic and after care in lens injuries]. AB - Extensive experimental research proved that the healing of lens capsule wounds can be supported effectively by application of a fibrin tissue adhesive. The result is a circumscribed scar in an otherwise clear lens. The clinical application of the method was successful as well. Preliminary results have been published and a review covering all patients treated is in preparation. This paper is devoted to the indications, techniques and postoperative treatment. The application of the fibrinogen tissue adhesive is indicated if spontaneous healing cannot be expected or has failed and the major parts of the lens are still clear. Even very large traumatic posterior subcapsular rosettes may disappear after closure of the lens capsule wound. Therefore, they are by no means a contraindication for this lens-saving fibrinogen application. The tissue adhesive should be applied as soon as possible after injury. Especially in larger lens capsule lesions we apply it regularly as part of primary surgical care. Successful application of the tissue adhesive is still possible in the days following a perforating injury if the lens capsule wound is small and the progress of lens opacification is slow. Up to now we have used only the easiest application technique in clinical work. Thrombin solution and fibrinogen concentrate were applied successively to the lesion area and its surroundings, using thin, blunt needles. Swollen, denaturated lens fibers should be removed before application. In case of perforation of the anterior and posterior lens capsule, fibrin closure of the anterior lesion usually suffices. A corneoscleral incision and full exposition of the lens wound to be sealed will be preferred in future in larger lens capsule wounds, particularly equatorial ones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6606071 TI - [Epithelial corneal basement membrane dystrophy]. AB - Dystrophy of the basement membrane of the corneal epithelium is an autosomal dominant disease. Three distinct forms of opacity occur, either in isolation or in combination with one another. These are (1) dotlike opacities, (2) maplike opacities and (3) fingerprint lines. The present paper describes a family in which 6 members show only the characteristic signs of superficial maplike corneal opacities. There have been no recurrent corneal erosions. In addition, 7 "isolated cases" are described in which both the pure and combined forms of opacity have been observed. The dotlike opacities are demonstrable only when maplike alterations are also present. The patholomechanism leading to these dotlike changes cannot be explained by aberrance of the basement membrane alone. Cases of the three forms of opacity which may occur as secondary phenomena have to be distinguished from the dystrophic form. PMID- 6606073 TI - [Bleeding polyp of the transverse colon in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6606072 TI - Plasma membrane carbohydrate composition and lectin receptors of lymphocytes from pro-lymphocytic leukaemia. AB - The carbohydrate composition of a purified plasma membrane fraction derived from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of a patient with a pro-lymphocytic leukaemia has been investigated and compared to the expression of lectin receptors at the membrane surface of the intact cell. The presence of galactose, mannose, fucose, glucose, sialic acid, N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylglucosamine and sialic acid substituted O-glycosidic linked beta-D-galactopyranosyl (1 leads to 3) N-acetyl-D galactosamine was confirmed on membrane glycoconjugates by gas chromatography. A lectin induced agglutinin assay using intact leukaemia cells demonstrated the accessibility of different lectin receptors at the native membrane surface, while the peanut agglutinin and the Helix pomatia receptor was only accessible after neuraminidase treatment. PMID- 6606074 TI - [Immunopathology in diseases of the thyroid]. PMID- 6606075 TI - [Prevention of esophageal hemorrhage in patients with portal hypertension]. PMID- 6606076 TI - [Diagnosis of disseminated processes in the lungs in adolescents]. PMID- 6606077 TI - [Cellular immunity in patients with an unfavorable course of duodenal ulcer corrected with thymalin]. PMID- 6606078 TI - The epidemiology of sudden coronary death. PMID- 6606079 TI - Dihydrotestosterone regulation of thymocyte function in the rat mediation by serum factors. AB - We have previously reported that reticuloepithelial cells of rat thymic tissue contain specific, high-affinity estrogen (E) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) receptors which are not present in thymocytes, and that stimulation of the concanavalin A (Con A) sensitive thymocyte population is by means of a thymic serum substance depressed by estradiol. To ascertain if a serum substance modulated by DHT could also effect a thymocyte population, we incubated thymocytes in vitro for 3 days in the presence of the mitogens Con A or phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) + tissue culture media + 20% specific rat serum preparations and pulse labelled with tritiated thymidine. Rat serum samples were prepared from control, castrate, thymectomized (Tx) and castrate-Tx animals as well as from similar groups of animals treated in vitro for 3 days with physiological doses of DHT. It was found that there was a significant enhancement of thymocyte blastogenesis in cultures incubated with castrate rat serum + Con A or PHA vs control serum cultures (P less than 0.001). Direct replacement of DHT either to normal or castrate sera in vitro at physiological concentrations did not alter the level of thymocyte blastogenesis from normal or castrate controls. Sera prepared from castrate animals treated with DHT at physiological concentrations did not depress the blastogenic response, but sera from animals treated with testosterone were successful in depressing the blastogenic response to noncastrate levels. Sera prepared from Tx animals were stimulatory on thymocyte blastogenesis when PHA were utilized (P less than 0.02) and this stimulation was depressed in sera from animals treated in vivo with DHT. Sera prepared from Tx or castrate-Tx animals were not able to stimulate thymocyte blastogenesis when Con A was utilized but were stimulatory when prepared from castrate-Tx animals pretreated in vivo with DHT. It is hypothesized that Con A sensitive thymocytes are depressed by a thymic serum factor under the control of E and that both Con A and PHA sensitive thymocytes are depressed by a serum factor possibly of extrathymic origin that is under the control of DHT. A tentative hypothesis for the regulation of thymocytes by gonadal steroid hormones is presented. PMID- 6606080 TI - Conversion of progesterone to deoxycorticosterone in guinea pig spleen: an animal model for the study of steroid 21-hydroxylase activity in extra adrenal sites. AB - Steroid 21-hydroxylase activity has been demonstrated, previously, in microsome enriched fractions prepared from a number of human fetal tissues. The finding that this enzyme activity was present in thymus and spleen is suggestive of the possibility that deoxycorticosterone is important in regulation of immunological processes. In the present investigation, we characterized steroid 21-hydroxylase activity in microsome-enriched preparations of guinea pig spleen. The activity of the enzyme was linear with time for 40 min and with protein concentrations up to 4.8 mg X ml-1 incubation mixture. The apparent Km of the enzyme for progesterone was 0.405 microM. Thus, the potential exists for the biosynthesis of DOC from progesterone in the spleen of the guinea pig as well as in the spleen of the human fetus. Therefore, the guinea pig may be an appropriate animal model for the study of the regulation of steroid 21-hydroxylase activity in the spleen as well as a model for the study of the role of this enzyme in immunologic processes. PMID- 6606081 TI - The effects of alcohol, marihuana and their combination on driving ability. AB - The combination of marihuana and alcohol yielded significant impairment during a driving test but neither drug alone did. PMID- 6606082 TI - Influence of vestibular and cerebellar dysfunction on the performance of alcoholics on the Rod-and-Frame Test. AB - The hypothesis of vestibuloocular or cerebellooccular motor dysfunction as a possible cause of the field-dependent behavior of alcoholics on the Rod-and-Frame Test could not be verified. PMID- 6606083 TI - Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity in alcoholic extract of Tamus communis L. PMID- 6606084 TI - Complement and the damaging effects of cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Postoperative cardiac, pulmonary, renal and coagulation dysfunction, along with C3a levels, were studied prospectively in 116 consecutive patients undergoing open cardiac operations and 12 patients undergoing closed operations in the same time period. The level of C3a 3 hours after open operation was high (median value 882 ng X ml-1 plasma) and was related to the C3a level before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) (p = 0.03), the level at the end of CPB (p less than 0.0001), elapsed time of CPB (p = 0.07), and older age at operation (p less than 0.0001). It was inversely related to the cardiac output as reflected by the strength of the pedal pulses (p = 0.006). In contrast, C3a levels did not rise in patients undergoing closed operations. The probability of postoperative cardiac dysfunction after open operations (present in 27 of 116 patients) was predicted by C3a levels 3 hours after operation (p = 0.02), the CPB time (p = 0.02), and younger age (p less than 0.0001). The same risk factors pertained for postoperative pulmonary dysfunction (present in 41 of the 116 patients); renal dysfunction (present in 24 of the 116 patients) except that CPB time was not a risk factor here; abnormal bleeding (present in 21 of the 116 patients); and important overall morbidity (present in 26 of 116 patients). As regards important overall morbidity, the C3a level effect became evident at about 1,900 ng X ml-1 (a level reached by 9% of patients); the effect of increasing time of CPB became evident at about 90 minutes of CPB time; and the effect of young age became evident as age decreased from 10 to 4 years. This study demonstrates the damaging effects of CPB, relates them in part to complement activation by the foreign surfaces encountered by the blood, and supports the hypothesis that the mechanisms of the damaging effects include a whole-body inflammatory reaction. PMID- 6606085 TI - Diagnostic criteria and prognosis of perioperative myocardial infarction following coronary bypass. AB - To evaluate the incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction (PMI), serial determinations of serum creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK-MB), electrocardiograms (ECGs), and pyrophosphate myocardial scans were performed in 112 patients undergoing isolated coronary bypass grafting. An abnormal increase in total CK-MB liberation (Q greater than 9.8 IU ml-1 kg) occurred in 25 patients (22.3%), new Q waves were present at ECG in 10 patients (8.9%), and the pyrophosphate myocardial scan was abnormal in 13 patients (11.6%). All tests were negative in 81 patients (72.3%). A diagnosis of PMI was established if confirmed by at least two of the techniques; this diagnosis was made in 15 patients (13.4%). The pattern of CK-MB liberation in patients with a PMI, characterized by a high peak and a prolonged release, was significantly different from that of patients without a PMI. The most important predictive factor for PMI was the duration of myocardial ischemia during the operation. Patients who had a PMI had more frequent early complications, and their prognosis at 2 years showed a 51% probability of remaining free of new cardiac events as compared to 96% for the group of patients without a PMI (p less than 0.001). PMI is not a benign complication of coronary bypass, and its detection appears improved by a combination of diagnostic tests. PMID- 6606086 TI - Whole-body oxygen consumption during low-flow hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - To assess the adequacy of tissue perfusion during low-flow, moderately hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), we measured whole-body oxygen consumption (VO2), serum lactate concentrations, and acid-base balance in 12 men undergoing myocardial revascularization. When perfusion flow rate was kept at control levels (2.1 L/min/m2), decreasing the patient's body temperature to 25.4 +/- 1.8 degrees C (mean +/- SD) was associated with a reduction in VO2 of almost 50% (from 83.3 +/- 14.6 ml/min/m2 to 45.6 +/- 9.6 ml/min/m2, p less than 0.001). Subsequent lowering of flow rate by nearly half (from 2.1 to 1.2 L/min/m2) under these moderately hypothermic conditions failed to alter VO2, which was measured several times over a 40 minute period. Although small increases in base deficit occurred during hypothermia, acidosis did not occur after reductions in flow rate. Serum lactate levels were not affected by changes in either temperature or flow rate. We conclude that a perfusion flow rate as low as 1.2 L/min/m2 does not compromise tissue perfusion during CPB with moderate systemic hypothermia and cardioplegic arrest. PMID- 6606087 TI - Expanded T gamma cell populations with the morphology of large granular lymphocytes -- I. Immunological, clinical and morphological characterization. AB - Lymphocytes from two patients with T gamma cell proliferations displaying the morphology of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) were characterized in terms of cell marker phenotyping and immunologic functions. In both patients, the lymphocytes were positive for E-R, HuTLA, OKT5, OKT8, OKT11, OKM1, VEP13, Leu1, Leu2a, Lyt2 and Lyt3 and were negative for Tmu, Tar, SIg, BA1, BA2, EM-R, C3d-R, C3b-R, OKT6, OKT9, Leu3a, OKIa1 and TdT. In addition, investigations for T411, T811 and M522 in patient 1 yielded positive results. There were differences in the phenotype of the two patients with regard to the reactions with OKT3, OKT10 and VEP10. While, in patient 1, OKT3 was very pronounced and OKT10 and VEP10 were completely negative, OKT10 and VEP10 were very pronounced in patient 2, whereas OKT3 was positive only in a very small percentage of cells. Though the lymphocytes in both patients were potent effectors of NK and K functions (patient 2 more strongly than patient 1) and a noticeably reduced mitogen response was shown to PHA, Con A and zinc, patient 1 showed a distinct suppression of allogenic and autologous B cell response to transformation into ISC, coinciding with the clinical observation of a hypogammaglobulinemia; neither B cell suppression nor dysgammaglobulinemia was seen in patient 2. The results are discussed with regard to other comparable T gamma proliferations reported in the literature. PMID- 6606088 TI - Dissociation of frog olfactory epithelium. AB - We report a method for producing cell suspensions from frog olfactory epithelium. The tissue is incubated for 45 min at room temperature in a solution which causes dissociation of the epithelium. The solution is an isotonic saline buffered to maintain a pH of 10.3 and a free Ca2+ ion concentration of 10(-6) M. The method uses no degradative enzymes, except for a brief DNase treatment. The resulting cell suspension contains single olfactory receptor neurons, sustentacular cells, glandular cells, and respiratory epithelial cells. The cells are viable as judged by vital staining, ciliary motility, and synthesis of RNA. Some types of cells lose their normal columnar shapes and become rounded in the suspension. PMID- 6606089 TI - [Blood dyscrasias and cefamandole]. PMID- 6606090 TI - [Recurrent hemoperitoneum: congenital coagulopathy and endometriosis]. PMID- 6606091 TI - [Can we modify the natural history of myocardial infarction?]. PMID- 6606092 TI - [Bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics]. PMID- 6606093 TI - [Humoral autoimmunity in a patient with sarcoidosis]. PMID- 6606094 TI - [Haemophilus influenzae bacteremia of biliary origin]. PMID- 6606095 TI - [Pneumocystitis carinii pneumonia. A dangerous infection in adopted infants from developing countries]. PMID- 6606096 TI - [Occlusion of the left main coronary artery with normal conditions in rest of the coronary vessels]. PMID- 6606097 TI - Viral labyrinthitis: early pathology in the human. AB - The histologic findings in the temporal bones of three patients who died from viral encephalopathy are presented. Pathology was restricted to the scala media, vestibular labyrinth, and internal auditory canal and was considered to be expressions of viral labyrinthitis. The changes were different degrees of degeneration of the organ of Corti, early encapsulation of the tectorial membrane, degeneration of the stria vascularis, and round cell infiltration of the modiolus and contents of the internal auditory canal. A new finding in the organ of Corti and early stages of cystic degeneration of the stria vascularis are documented. In all cases, the saccule was degenerated with sloughing of the otolithic membrane and vestibular labyrinth was involved in varying degrees. PMID- 6606098 TI - Significance of tomography in Meniere's disease: visualization and morphology of the vestibular aqueduct. AB - The revival of endolymphatic sac surgery has led to many investigations in Meniere's disease, including lateral tomography of the vestibular aqueduct. Contrary to recent literature, we found no difference in the presence and morphology of the vestibular aqueduct when assessed radiologically in a group of Meniere's patients and a control group. Our assessment of this information in regard to etiology and treatment of Meniere's disease is presented. PMID- 6606099 TI - Significance of tomography in Meniere's disease: periaqueductal pneumatization. AB - The revival of endolymphatic sac surgery has led to many investigations in Meniere's disease, including lateral tomography of the periaqueductal pneumatization. We radiologically assessed a series of Meniere's patients and a control group, and found hypocellularity to be more common in Meniere's disease as the literature has stated. However, we found this finding bilaterally in patients with unilateral disease. Our assessment of this information in regard to the etiology and treatment of Meniere's disease is presented. PMID- 6606100 TI - A spinal site mediates opiate analgesia in frogs. AB - The application of acetic acid to the hind leg of a frog will induce a spinally mediated wiping reflex only if the acetic acid concentration is above a certain threshold. By using this reflex as the basis of a test for nociception, we show that morphine sulfate is a potent analgesic in the frog when injected into the lumbar area of the spinal cord. Significant analgesia is induced within 5 min after injection of as little as 0.0316 microgram of morphine sulfate. Low doses of morphine sulfate (0.0316 or 0.1 microgram) induce analgesia which dissipates within 1 h while for higher doses (0.316, 1.0 or 3.16 micrograms) the analgesia persists for at least 3 h. The analgesic effect of 0.316 micrograms of morphine sulfate is completely blocked by naloxone HCl at either 0.158 or 0.316 micrograms. Animals receiving naloxone alone (0.316 micrograms) appear to be slightly hyperalgesic compared to saline injected controls but this effect is not significant. PMID- 6606101 TI - [Dynamic scintigraphy of the lungs with 133Xe in chronic bronchitis]. AB - A method of dynamic scintigraphy with 133Xe was used to study regional ventilation and regional pulmonary blood flow in 58 persons (14 practically healthy persons and 44 patients with chronic bronchitis). The data obtained were assessed visually and subjected to a quantitative processing according to the above-mentioned program. Quantitative distinctions in regional values of the residual volume, a ratio of the residual volume to the general capacity, the time of mixing, a half-period of washing off made it possible to distinguish clearly between two forms of chronic bronchitis (non-obstructive and a form with the noticeable obstructive syndrome). Thus quantitative characteristics added considerably to a visual evaluation of the obtained results. PMID- 6606102 TI - [Zinc, magnesium and calcium in coronary and peripheral blood under extracorporeal circulation conditions. Comparative studies]. PMID- 6606103 TI - [Histopathologic studies of the effect of acemetacin on the articular cartilage of monkeys]. PMID- 6606104 TI - [Selected immunologic tests in industrial workers chronically exposed to harmful occupational factors]. AB - 160 workers, aged 19-60 (average 41.5 years), engaged in the production of prefabricated concrete elements and chronically exposed to ambient humidity and temperature fluctuations underwent preventive clinical immunological examinations. Eighty-seven subjects passed, within recent six months, upper respiratory tract infection. Forty-seven per cent of those who passed the respiratory tract infection exhibited enhanced immunological reaction of cellular type, ability of lymphocytes blastic transformation, the degree of lymphocytes immunoadherence inhibition in the presence of antigens, and lymphocytes B value. The changes in the circulatory system may be conditioned by chronic myocarditis. PMID- 6606105 TI - Functional analysis of the murine T lymphocyte immune response to a protozoan parasite, Leishmania tropica. PMID- 6606106 TI - Differentiation of resistance determinants to cefamandole and cefoxitin in Enterobacter cloacae strains. AB - The mechanism of resistance to cefamandole and cefoxitin was investigated in Enterobacter cloacae with the aid of cefamandole-resistant variants and their derived beta-lactamase-deficient mutants. Cefamandole-resistant variants were easily obtained from clinical isolates by direct selection. Massive beta lactamase production seemed to be the underlying resistance mechanism, although lack of penetrability may further substantiate this resistance. The mechanism of resistance to cefoxitin in parent, variant and mutant strains on the other hand was more complex, and probably due to a complex interrelation of parameters. Apart from relative instability to beta-lactamases and lack of penetrability, the high beta-lactamase-inducing power of cefoxitin is perhaps the most important determinant in the resistance of Enterobacter to this compound. PMID- 6606107 TI - Preparation of membrane fraction from herpes simplex virus-infected cells which induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - The immunogenic capacity of herpes simplex virus (HSV)-infected cells and their subcellular membrane fractions was investigated by assessing the anti-HSV cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response in cultures of spleen lymphocytes from HSV primed BALB/c mice. Methylchloranthrane-induced fibrosarcoma (Meth A) cells infected with HSV (HSV-Meth A) were fixed either with glutaraldehyde or by heating at 56 C to preserve their immunogenic competence and then used as a stimulator. Microsomes and plasma membranes were prepared from HSV-Meth A and their immunogenic activities were determined. Through the recovery of stimulatory activity in the plasma membrane fraction was half of that in the microsome fraction, the activity in the former was much more stable than in the latter and the plasma membrane fraction proved to be well qualified as an immunogen for anti HSV CTL induction. Upon purification, the specific activity of the membrane fraction, on the basis of protein concentration, increased 43-fold. PMID- 6606108 TI - Evaluation of the Phadebact coagglutination test for the rapid serotyping of Haemophilus influenza. AB - Conventional tests for the indentification of Haemophilus species require 24-48 h for completion. In this study, we evaluated the Phadebact coagglutination method for the serotyping of Haemophilus that yields results within 2 min. Of the 150 strains tested, 148 were H. influenzae and 2 were H. parainfluenzae. Of the 83 H. influenzae isolates from cerebrospinal fluid and blood 80 were correctly typed as b by the Phadebact test. Of the 51 sputum isolates, 48 (94%) were nontypable. Eleven (69%) of the remaining sixteen isolates from secondary and unknown sources were type b, four (25%) were nontypable, and one (6%) was in the acdef group. Thirty gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria other than Haemophilus were also tested with no false-positive reactions. The Phadebact test is rapid and easy to perform and interpret. PMID- 6606109 TI - [Immunity indices in echinococcosis and alveolar hydatid disease patients depending on the characteristics of the clinical course of the disease]. PMID- 6606110 TI - [Clinico-immunological spectrum of leishmaniasis]. PMID- 6606111 TI - [Dynamics of the rosette-forming activity of T- and B-lymphocytes in inbred mouse strains infected with Echinococcus larvocysts after immunization with/without homologous antigen]. PMID- 6606112 TI - Necrotizing cellulitis associated with Haemophilus influenzae. Case report. PMID- 6606114 TI - T cell regulation of IgA immunoglobulin production in gut-associated lymphoid tissues. AB - To explore mechanisms of gut-mucosal IgA immune response, we have established Con A-induced cloned T cell lines originating from PP and spleen. These cloned cells expressed Thy-1.2+, Lyt-1+2-, Ia (I-A and I-E) and H-2 (K/D) surface antigens. Cloned T cells derived from PP were found to suppress LPS-induced IgM and IgG synthesis and secretion of co-cultured PP B cells; in addition, whereas the PP cloned T cells did not bring about IgA production, they did cause the appearance of large numbers of cells expressing sIgA. In contrast, cloned T cells derived from spleen had little or no effect on LPS-induced IgM synthesis and secretion by PP B cells; in addition, whereas they did suppress IgG production, they neither brought about IgA production nor the appearance of cells expressing sIgA. These studies provide evidence for the existence of a new type of T cell in PP, a switch T cell, which is able to induce B cells to undergo class-specific switches from IgM to IgA; the PP switch T cells appear to govern the pathway of DNA recombination (or RNA splicing) rather than cellular events resulting in terminal differentiation. Thus, these switch T cells are probably responsible for the fact that PP are a major source of mucosal IgA B cells. In additional studies, we show that post-switch IgA B cells, i.e. cells precultured with PP cloned T cells, have the capacity to undergo terminal differentiation into IgA producing plasma cells. provided they are exposed to helper T cells (uncloned) and an appropriate mitogenic stimulus (staphylococcal protein A). We can conclude, therefore, that the development of PP B cells into IgA-producing plasma cells in gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) appears to require at least two steps: one which involves heavy chain switching to IgA and which is governed by IgA class-specific switch T cells in PP, and one which involves differentiation of post-switch B cells and which is governed by helper T cells in lymphoid tissues outside of PP (such as MLN and spleen). PMID- 6606113 TI - Interrelationship of primed B cells with the potential for IgE and/or IgA expression. AB - The relationship between the pathways of B cell differentiation leading to IgE or IgA expression was analyzed by assessing the isotype potential of primed B cells as revealed over many generations of clonal outgrowth in splenic fragment cultures. Cells from (CBA/N X BALB/C) F1 male and female mice primed with phosphocholine (PC)-hemocyanin (Hy) and given a secondary stimulus with PC-Hy or PC-determinants via an Ascaris infection gave rise to a large proportion (25-48%) of clones which expressed anti-PC IgE along with any one or mixture of other isotypes, especially IgG and/or IgA. Accompanying the appearance of these cells in the Peyer's patches following Ascaris infection was the steady rise in IgA committed cells over a 12 week period. The potential to express IgE seems to be a normal feature of the development of secondary or memory cells. The coexpression of IgE randomly with all other isotypes supports a linear rather than a branched pathway of B cell differentiation. Ascaris or PC-determinants given to F1 mice were not unique in their ability to prime cells with the potential for IgE expression. Stimulation of BALB/c mice with two low doses of N-acetyl-glucosamine conjugated hemocyanin (GlcNAc-Hy) primed cells in vivo generated a high proportion (63%) of clones in vitro that expressed IgE and most of these exclusively coexpressed IgA (16/26) suggesting a progressive restriction in isotype potential. Cells which gave rise to IgE producing clones specific for the priming hapten did not support the expression of IgE by clones of other specificities costimulated in vitro (anti-inulin, anti-beta-galactosyl). Thus the potential to express IgE seems to be both an inherent property of the B cells and under hapten-specific or hapten-linked regulation. PMID- 6606115 TI - Anti-idiotypic regulation of IgA expression in myeloma cells. AB - MOPC-315 (alpha lambda 2) is a BALB/c plasmacytoma that produces an anti-TNP antibody (M315). In addition to being secreted M315 is also expressed on the surface membranes of MOPC-315 cells. In the present studies an in vitro-adapted line of MOPC-315 was used to study the effect of affinity-purified, isologous anti-idiotypic antibodies (a-Id315) and idiotype-specific T cells on M315 expression. We observed that both monoclonal and polyclonal a-Id315 mediated a reversible clearance of surface membrane M315 but did not influence M315 secretion or MOPC-315 growth even when the myeloma cells were cultured in the continuous presence of a-Id315 for three weeks. Clearance of surface M315 was rapid, reversible, and a-Id315 dose-dependent. M315:a-Id315 complexes were shed from MOPC-315 cells in the form of microscopic membranous vesicles and a-Id315 was consumed in the process. Protein synthesis was required for re-expression of surface M315 only if a presynthesized internal pool of M315 had previously been depleted. In contrast, idiotype-specific T cells mediated specific inhibition of M315 secretion without influencing surface M315 expression. Although the anti idiotypic antibodies and the anti-idiotypic T-cells are both directed to the surface membrane immunoglobulin on the cloned B cell, the anti-idiotypic antibodies regulate surface membrane expression of immunoglobulin while the anti idiotypic T-cells regulate secretion of immunoglobulin. These observations support the view that in idiotype regulation, surface membrane immunoglobulin molecules function as a focusing device for regulatory effectors which actually determine the quality of the effect achieved. PMID- 6606117 TI - Sarcoidosic alveolitis: a classification based on flow cytometric studies of T lymphocyte activation. PMID- 6606116 TI - Mouse mast cells and other granulated leukocyte clones. Ultrastructure of cloned mouse leukocytes. PMID- 6606118 TI - Synergic effect on in vitro surface IgE synthesis of purified allergen and Sepharose-ConA. PMID- 6606119 TI - Effects of anti-epsilon treatment on serum IgE in immunized and Nippostronglyus brasiliensis-infected mice. PMID- 6606120 TI - Induction of human IgE synthesis by a factor derived from T cells of patients with hyper IgE states. PMID- 6606121 TI - [Liver cirrhosis due in alpha-1-antitrypsinin deficiency and development of an arteriovenous shunts of the lungs]. AB - A 10.5 year old girl with liver cirrhosis due to AAT-deficiency (Pi type ZZ) developed cyanosis and clubbing of finger and toes. Clinical aspect of a cyanotic heart disease appeared with 10 years, 7 years after diagnosis of cirrhosis. By contrast echocardiography existence of intrapulmonary arterio-venous shunts was demonstrated. When determined during the first year of life, serum-alpha-1 globulin-fraction of the patient was found to be normal. The result indicates, that even in severe AAT-deficiency of Pi type ZZ direct determination of AAT is necessary for diagnosis of the disease. PMID- 6606122 TI - High-dose fentanyl. PMID- 6606123 TI - Biopsy and drainage of intracerebral lesions by CT-guided needle. PMID- 6606124 TI - Stress and diseases of the upper gut: II. Stress and pancreatic disease. PMID- 6606125 TI - Effect of caloric restriction on neoplasm growth. PMID- 6606126 TI - Postpulmonary infarction syndrome: case report. PMID- 6606127 TI - Segmental spinal instrumentation at the Mount Sinai Hospital. PMID- 6606128 TI - Hemiballism secondary to a metastatic neoplasm of the subthalamic nucleus as demonstrated by CT scan. PMID- 6606129 TI - Cholecystectomy and large-bowel cancer: is there a relationship? PMID- 6606130 TI - Cholecystectomy and large-bowel cancer. PMID- 6606131 TI - Functional expression of a transfected murine class II MHC gene. AB - The activation of T helper lymphocytes involves the recognition of class II major histocompatibility complex antigens, which are dimeric glycoproteins (of subunit composition A alpha A beta or E alpha E beta) expressed on the surfaces of macrophages and B lymphocytes. One approach to understanding the relationship between the structure of these antigens and their functions in the immune response is to clone the genes that encode them, to obtain functional expression of the cloned genes transfected into an appropriate cell line, and then to see how those functions are affected in variant genes generated in vitro. We report here the expression in Iad-bearing B cells of an Ak beta gene, which confers on the transfected cells the capacity for both allostimulation and antigen-dependent activation of an I-Ak-restricted T-cell clone. PMID- 6606132 TI - An interleukin 1 like factor stimulates bone resorption in vitro. AB - Many activities are now ascribed to the monokine interleukin 1 including enhancement of immune responses, stimulation of thymocyte proliferation, activation of B cells, stimulation of proteinase and prostaglandin production by connective tissue cells, stimulation of the production of acute phase proteins, induction of fever and the induction of neutrophilia. These activities were thought to be due to various different factors, but are now considered probably due to very similar, if not identical, molecules. The term interleukin 1 (IL-1) was coined to describe the factor released by monocyte/macrophages which acts on T and B lymphocytes. Only after this definition had been accepted was it shown that target cells other than lymphocytes were affected by IL-1. Products of human blood monocytes (mononuclear cell factor, MCF) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease. Bone resorption is often a feature of such diseases, and monocytes are frequently found at sites of localized bone resorption. Preliminary experiments with monocyte-conditioned medium indicated that MCF could stimulate bone resorption. We therefore undertook this study to verify these observations and to determine whether purified IL-1 could stimulate connective tissue breakdown in vitro. PMID- 6606134 TI - Oozing and bruising: von Willebrand disease and qualitative platelet defect. PMID- 6606133 TI - Mitochondria control expression of a murine cell surface antigen. AB - Maternally transmitted antigen (Mta) is a murine cell-surface molecule defined by the reactivity of specific H-2 nonrestricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL-s). Maternal transmission appears to be under control of a stable genetic factor in the cytoplasm of the ovum. In view of the known maternal inheritance of mitochondria we have assessed their involvement in Mta expression using the mitochondria specific poison Rhodamine 6G (R6G). We report here that Mta expression in somatic cell hybrids requires functional mitochondria from the Mta+ parent cell line. Mta expression was dominant in hybrids from the fusion of Mta+ and Mta- cells. However, pretreatment of the Mta+ parent with R6G resulted in hybrids which were Mta-, or diminished in Mta expression. These data strongly implicate mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the expression of a cell-surface molecule, and define a system for studying a previously unrecognized mitochondrial function. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence for mitochondrial control of the expression of a cell membrane molecule in eukaryotes. PMID- 6606135 TI - [Late results of thermocoagulation in Gasser's ganglion in tic douloureux]. AB - 257 patients with facial neuralgia (idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia, symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia, atypical facial pain) have been treated by percutaneous selective thermorhizotomy. 115 patients have been followed up 1-13 years after operation. In 71% we found excellent and good results. Preoperative symptoms, postoperative results of pain arrest, complications and cutaneous sensibility will be analyzed. The results are compared with data from the literature. PMID- 6606136 TI - Discrimination of serotonergic drugs is unaltered in rats prenatally exposed to ethanol. AB - Pregnant rats were administered intragastrically 4.0 g/kg of ethanol (31.6% v/v) two times per diem on days 10-14 of gestation. A second group of pregnant rats were pair-fed to the ethanol treated group and placebo intubated, while a third group was not intubated. Prenatal ethanol exposure resulted in both reduced birth weight, weaning weight, and percent of pups surviving from birth to weaning. The treatment did not, however, affect the number of pups delivered. Two male pups approximately 60 days old were randomly selected from each litter for testing in a 2-lever drug discrimination task. One pup was trained to discriminate quipazine (3.0 mg/kg) from saline, while the second was trained to discriminate 5-HTP (30.0 mg/kg) + Ro4-4602, a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor, from saline. Following acquisition, discrimination behavior was shown to be both dose and time dependent. None of these behavioral measures were altered by prenatal ethanol exposure. PMID- 6606137 TI - Fluoxetine increases long-lasting neostriatal dopamine depletion after administration of d-methamphetamine and d-amphetamine. AB - Repeated administration of large doses of d-methamphetamine produce long-lasting depletion of brain dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT), as well as persistent decreases in the activity of their respective biosynthetic enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH). The present results indicate that the inhibitor of 5-HT uptake fluoxetine, prevented the long-term depletion of 5-HT produced by large doses of methamphetamine (15 mg/kg X 5, 6 hr apart) in the neostriatum and hippocampus, while simultaneously augmenting the depletion of DA produced by this drug in the neostriatum. Fluoxetine also enhanced the prolonged neostriatal depletion of DA produced by a comparable regimen of d amphetamine. In these doses (15 mg/kg X 5,6 hr apart), d-amphetamine did not produce long-lasting depletion of 5-HT in either the neostriatum or hippocampus. Larger depletion of DA after the amphetamines had been administered in the fluoxetine pretreated animal were associated with a transient increase in the brain levels of methamphetamine and amphetamine. This suggests that fluoxetine may inhibit the metabolism of amphetamines. PMID- 6606138 TI - Congenital hydrocephalus revealed in the inbred rat, LEW/Jms. AB - We studied the development of congenital hydrocephalus found in a colony of an inbred strain of Wistar-Lewis rats (LEW/Jms) at various intervals after birth. The disorder was transmitted as a simple recessive mendelian character. Hydrocephalic neonates were recognized 2 days after birth by stretching of the skin over the head. Death usually occurred between 10 and 20 days of age. The findings suggested the possibility of a disturbance of cerebrospinal fluid circulation resulting from primary occlusion of the 3rd or lateral ventricles during embryological development. In later phases, the hydrocephalus was aggravated by obliteration of the subarachnoid space and by stenosis of the aqueduct occurring secondary to compression of these structures from increased pressure within the brain. In some animals, external hydrocephalus occurred as a result of rupture of the occipital pole and the establishment of a direct communication between the lateral ventricles and the subdural space. We looked for antibodies against viruses that have been known to produce hydrocephalus in experimental animals and obtained entirely negative results. PMID- 6606139 TI - Primary malignant nerve sheath tumor of the gasserian ganglion: a report of two cases. AB - Primary tumors of the gasserian ganglion are usually benign, and secondary tumors are malignant. We report two cases of a malignant primary tumor of the gasserian ganglion, bringing the total in the world literature to five. The presentation, etiological features, and treatment of these cases are reviewed, together with a review of the literature. Preoperative differentiation from a benign tumor is not possible with certainty. A combination of operation and radiation therapy seems to be the best treatment at present. PMID- 6606140 TI - Multiple sclerosis after age 50. AB - When multiple sclerosis (MS) presents late in life (after the age of 50), it frequently gives diagnostic difficulty. In a large MS clinic population (N = 838), 9.4% of the patients had late onset of MS. Slow deterioration of motor function characterized the initial symptoms and subsequent course of this group of older patients. Progression of disability was more rapid than in younger patients. Evoked response studies and CSF electrophoresis were of high diagnostic yield in the older patient group. Reasons for the differing clinical features in the late-onset patients are discussed. We suggest that the age-of-onset criterion for MS be raised to 60 in adequately investigated cases. PMID- 6606142 TI - [Functional electric stimulation. Our experience]. AB - The use of F.E.S. in motor rehabilitation should be reserved for cases of central neurological lesions. F.E.S. tends to improve gait, reduce spasticity and improve the transfer of cortical information from the peripheral system. The treatment exploits the possibilities of reprogramming movement by developing new motor circuits and where possible restoring lost movements. PMID- 6606141 TI - [Advantages and results of multiple aortocoronary by-passes (3 or more anastomoses). Apropos of 534 cases]. PMID- 6606143 TI - [How anti-antibodies can render the tumor picture more precise]. PMID- 6606144 TI - [Use of prostaglandin in the treatment of post-partum hemorrhage caused by uterine atony. Evaluation, results and therapy of 20 cases treated with prostin F2 alpha]. PMID- 6606145 TI - [Methods for the determination of Tgamma and Tmu cells]. PMID- 6606146 TI - Investigation of T gamma cells and T mu cells in peripheral blood of children with different types of viral hepatitis. PMID- 6606147 TI - Unemployment and the suicide rate. PMID- 6606148 TI - [In vitro maturation of the oocytes of the common frog with and without follicular envelopes as affected by cholesterol]. AB - Cholesterol was shown to induce in vitro maturation of the Rana temporaria oocytes both in the presence and in the absence of the follicle cells. The maturation of the denuded oocytes required their much shorter treatment with cholesterol. Ethidium bromide inhibited the cholesterol-induced maturation of the oocytes with follicle envelopes and either did not affect the oocyte maturation after the follicle envelope removal or stimulated it. Amino-gluthetimide inhibited the cholesterol-induced oocyte maturation irrespective of the presence of follicle cells. The mechanism inducing effect of cholesterol on follicle and oocyte is discussed. PMID- 6606149 TI - Differential diagnosis of central vestibular disorders by combined tests with perrotatory ocular fixation and auditory brain stem response. AB - The purpose of this study is to investigate the diagnostic value of using the damped pendular rotation test (DPRT) (1) with an ocular fixation (ocular fixation test, i.e. OFT), and (2) in the dark with the eyes open, jointly with auditory brain stem response (ABR) audiometry. Impairment of ocular fixation was found in patients with either brain stem lesions, cerebellar lesions, or cerebellopontine angle tumors. A collective evaluation of the findings of OFT with those of ABR audiometry has suggested the possibility of differentiating upper brain stem lesions from lower brain stem lesions, tumors of the IVth ventricle, and cerebellar tumors. However, differentiating IVth ventricle lesions from tumors involving the cerebellar vermis extending into the IVth ventricle by this battery of tests was somewhat limited. PMID- 6606150 TI - Studies of vestibular cortical areas with short-living 15O2 isotopes. AB - The oxygen-15 inhalation technique has been applied to the quantification of regional cerebral blood flow and metabolism with positron emission tomography. These findings support the notion that vestibular cortex is not only one small area in the temporal or parietal cortex but a wider area in the temporoparietal cortex. During caloric reactions cortical potential changes were found on the contralateral temporoparietal cortex. The recent development of positron emission tomography (PET) is theoretically capable of changing considerably the research of the pathophysiology in central vestibular disturbances. Validity of the 15O2 inhalation model and the feasibility of the PET technique does have - like any physiological measurement - some limitations, but it obviously has a tremendous clinical potential. PMID- 6606151 TI - [Gastrointestinal bleeding and ulcerogenic drugs]. PMID- 6606152 TI - The prevalence of respiratory tract infections in patients with ascariasis. PMID- 6606153 TI - Postoperative pain control: contribution of psychological factors and transcutaneous electrical stimulation. AB - The influence of transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) and psychological factors in determining the intensity of acute postoperative pain was examined in a prospective, double-blind controlled trial completed by 30 patients having elective surgery. Psychometric tests were administered prior to surgery. Postoperative pain was assessed by cumulative morphine requirement (M48) administered intramuscularly, and the mean score of a visual analogue scale of pain (VAS), in the first 48 h following surgery. M48 was significantly correlated with the VAS score (r = 0.62, P less than 0.001), and with the psychometric test scores for trait-anxiety (r = 0.70, P less than 0.001) and neuroticism (r = 0.67, P less than 0.001). Though patients treated with TES required 25% less morphine than those treated with placebo, the difference was not significant using monovariate analysis and applying unpaired two-tailed Student's t-test (P less than 0.2). When the contribution of neuroticism to the variance of M48 was adjusted using multiple regression analysis, the effect of TES became significant at the 0.05 level. Covariance analysis showed that TES contributed some 19% to the explained variance of M48 while neuroticism contributed about 80%, and there was no interaction between these two factors. These findings allow a degree of prediction of the individual patient's postoperative pain and narcotic requirement, and point to a strong correlation between postoperative pain perception and personality. PMID- 6606154 TI - Naloxone does not affect pain relief induced by electrical stimulation in man. AB - We wished to determine if pain relief that resulted from transcutaneous (TNS) or spinal cord electrical stimulation in patients with chronic pain was due to activation of an endogenous opiate-related pain control system. Naloxone (0.4-10 mg) or saline was injected in double-blind fashion intravenously into opiate naive subjects with chronic pain who achieved 30% or greater pain relief with spinal cord stimulation (4 patients) or TNS (9 patients). Subjects rated their pain during stimulation and 2, 5, 10 and 15 min after the injection. Two days or more later the procedure was repeated using the alternate agent (naloxone or saline). Naloxone did not decrease the pain relief induced by stimulation, and therefore the effects of stimulation are probably not mediated by the endogenous opiates. PMID- 6606155 TI - Electrostimulation of the median nerve in tetraplegics by means of implanted stimulators. AB - The effect of direct electrostimulation of the median nerve in a group of tetraplegic patients is described. In all cases there was an increase in the force, and a prolongation of the period of maintenance, of the maximum movement developed by the stimulated muscles. The method was considered to be sufficiently effective to indicate that programmed stimulation by implanted electrodes would permit functional use of the hand. PMID- 6606156 TI - Short-course chemotherapy for tuberculosis in children. AB - Short-course, largely twice-weekly chemotherapy for tuberculosis was introduced in the United States for treatment of adults with pulmonary disease by the Arkansas State Department of Health in 1976. Since 1977, 50 children with tuberculosis have been treated with rifampin, 10 to 20 mg/kg, and isoniazid, 10 to 20 mg/kg daily for one month followed by 10 to 20 mg/kg of rifampin and 20 to 40 mg/kg of isoniazid twice a week for another 8 months. Ages ranged from 4 months to 15 years with a median age of 3 years. A presumptive diagnosis of tuberculosis was made on the basis of 10 mm or more of induration to 5 TU of purified protein derivative and a chest film or other findings compatible with tuberculosis. Three children had extrapulmonary disease (two had cervical adenitis, one had tuberculosis arthritis). Of the 47 children with pulmonary disease, 32 were asymptomatic. The results were excellent. Symptoms cleared in 1 to 2 months. Most pulmonary infiltrates had cleared by 10 months, but hilar adenopathy rarely cleared in less than 2 years. Drug toxicity occurred in only one patient (vomiting of rifampin). This treatment appears to be safe, effective, inexpensive, short and simple enough to ensure cooperation or to allow personnel to administer drugs directly to children from socially disorganized families. PMID- 6606157 TI - Dialkylformamidines: depurination resistant N6-protecting group for deoxyadenosine. AB - Sterically hindered N6-dialkylformamidine protected deoxyadenosine is more stable to acidic depurination than N6-benzoyldeoxyadenosine and is potentially a valuable protecting group in the synthesis of deoxyoligonucleotides. PMID- 6606158 TI - Nursing care study: victim of life's stresses. PMID- 6606159 TI - [Late results of the local treatment of single pulmonary aspergilloma with antifungal pastes]. PMID- 6606160 TI - [Immunologic status of patients with endogenous bronchial asthma. II. Indicators of cellular immunity]. PMID- 6606161 TI - [Recommendations for liver function diagnosis in children]. PMID- 6606163 TI - Rheumatic diseases in blacks, whites and Asians--some comments. PMID- 6606162 TI - Is caerulein amphibian CCK? AB - The amphibian skin decapeptide caerulein is structurally related to the mammalian peptides gastrin and CCK, suggesting that the peptides might share a common evolutionary history. It has been suggested that caerulein is the amphibian counterpart of gastrin and CCK, and that the Amphibia do not possess authentic gastric and CCK. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in conjunction with radioimmunoassay using a caerulein-specific antiserum and C-terminal CCK antisera, was used to characterize CCK-and caerulein-like peptides in amphibian brain and gut. In the brain of Xenopus laevis, two CCK-like peptides were present, one of which was indistinguishable by HPLC from mammalian CCK8. No decapeptide caerulein was detected in the brain of Xenopus laevis or Rana temporaria. In the stomach of Xenopus and in the intestine of both species studied, CCK-like and caerulein-like peptides were present. The results indicate therefore that the Amphibia possess CCK8-like rather than caerulein-like peptides in brain. In contrast, stomach and intestine contain both CCK-like and caerulein like peptides, but the latter are however distinguishable from the decapeptide found in skin. PMID- 6606165 TI - [Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in homosexual males with AIDS]. PMID- 6606164 TI - The use of antibiotics in acute-on-chronic bronchitis. AB - Acute exacerbations of bronchitis are probably best treated with erythromycin or cotrimoxazole. The rising incidence of ampicillin resistance is reducing its value. Oxytetracycline and cephalosporins are best avoided. Trimethroprim may prove a safer alternative to cotrimoxazole. However, all these conclusions are based on theoretical reasons rather than large comparative trials. PMID- 6606166 TI - [Extensive pulmonary tuberculosis with destroyed lung in children]. PMID- 6606167 TI - [Clinical aspects and therapy of pulmonary histiocytosis X based on 37 cases 1969 1982]. PMID- 6606168 TI - [Immunologic aspects of solitary eosinophilic granuloma of the lung]. PMID- 6606169 TI - [Morphology of pulmonary histiocytosis x]. PMID- 6606170 TI - [Lung function patterns in histiocytosis X]. PMID- 6606171 TI - [Pulmonary histiocytosis X]. PMID- 6606172 TI - [Evaluation of training and detraining of the respiratory muscles]. PMID- 6606174 TI - [Therapeutic principles in the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax with special reference to the removal of thoracoscopic emphysema bullae and fibrin gluing]. PMID- 6606173 TI - [Thoracoscopic pleurodesis in spontaneous pneumothorax]. PMID- 6606175 TI - [Comparative evaluation of immunological reactivity in persons with hyperergic and normoergic skin reactions to tuberculin]. PMID- 6606176 TI - [Clinical and immunological characteristics of early manifestations and small variants of tuberculosis in children]. PMID- 6606177 TI - [The role of T-cell immunity in tuberculosis resistance in rats]. PMID- 6606178 TI - Structural homology of corticotropin-releasing factor, sauvagine, and urotensin I: circular dichroism and prediction studies. AB - Three recently isolated peptides, whose sequences have been determined--the corticotropin (adrenocorticotropic hormone)-releasing factor of ovine origin, sauvagine, from the skin of the frog Phyllomedusa sauvagei, and urotensin I from the teleost fish, Catostomus commersoni--show high (greater than 50%) sequence homology. CD spectra of the three peptides in trifluoroethanol indicate predominantly helical character for these peptides. Analysis of the secondary structures by the Chou-Fasman method predicts that the overall structural organization of the peptides is the same. All three possess a long internal helix, spanning about 25 residues, connected by a turn region to a COOH-terminal structural element that is an alpha-helix in corticotropin-releasing factor and urotensin I and a beta-sheet in sauvagine. The values for helical content estimated from the prediction method agree reasonably well with those computed from the CD spectra. This agreement as well as the CD spectra of corticotropin releasing factor fragment 5-33 support the specific assignments of helical regions derived from the Chou-Fasman analysis. The three peptides exhibit significantly less helical structure in water than in trifluoroethanol as indicated by CD spectra. Hydrophilicity profiles provided comparison of the three peptides in terms of their overall hydrophilicity and the location of the regions of maximal hydrophilicity. A unique distribution of hydrophilic and hydrophobic residues within the internal helices is revealed by helical wheel analysis. Patches of both types of residues are formed following a heptad (four/three) rule. Since the two patches are shifted by one residue relative to one another, together they occupy only one face of the helical surface, a feature distinct from other amphiphilic structures. PMID- 6606180 TI - Multiparameter studies in malignant lymphoma based on studies in 1186 cases. PMID- 6606179 TI - Surface properties of an amphiphilic peptide hormone and of its analog: corticotropin-releasing factor and sauvagine. AB - Synthetic corticotropin (adrenocorticotropic hormone)-releasing factor [CRF; for the sequence, see Vale, W., Spiess, J., Rivier, C. & Rivier, J. (1981) Science 213, 1394-1397] in aqueous solution exists predominantly as a random coil. At concentrations greater than 1 microM, the peptide shows a tendency to self aggregate with a concurrent slight increase in the apparent alpha-helical content as measured by the CD spectrum. The alpha-helix formed by this molecule is highly amphiphilic--i.e., the hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions are segregated on opposite faces of the helix. As predicted from the potential amphiphilic structure, CRF binds avidly to the surface of single bilayer egg phosphatidylcholine vesicles. This binding appears to obey a simple Langmuir isotherm with the following parameters: Kd = 1.3 +/- 0.6 X 10(-7) M and capacity at saturation (N) = 11.0 +/- 1.0 mmol of peptide per mol of phospholipid. CRF also readily forms an insoluble monolayer at the air-water interface. The monolayer is composed of monomers of the hormone with molecular areas, A'0 = 22 A2 per amino acid, suggesting a compact secondary structure. Judged from the collapse pressure (19.0 +/- 0.1 dyne/cm; 1 dyne = 10 microN) of the monolayer, the amphiphilicity of CRF approximates that of plasma apolipoproteins, a class of proteins of the most pronounced amphiphilic character. These results suggest that the binding of CRF to the cell membrane is accompanied by the induction of an alpha-helical secondary structure and it is this predominantly helical form that is the biologically active form of the peptide. PMID- 6606181 TI - A new method for the three-dimensional display of tomographic images. PMID- 6606182 TI - Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for the head-injured patient. AB - Recent research has shown that electrical stimulation is effective in treatment programs designed to maintain or gain range of motion, to facilitate voluntary motor control, and to strengthen muscles weakened by disuse. All of these treatment goals are relevant to the head-injured patient who frequently demonstrates profound disuse atrophy, joint contractures with excessive muscle tone, and decreased voluntary motor capabilities. As the cognitive status of the head-injured patient improves, electrical stimulation can be incorporated into traditional treatment programs to enhance their effectiveness. This article discusses using neuromuscular electrical stimulation with programs aimed at managing contractures, reducing spasticity, and facilitating voluntary motion. The limitations of electrical stimulation in the head-injured patient population are addressed. PMID- 6606183 TI - The phototoxic effect of benoxaprofen and its analogs on human erythrocytes and rat peritoneal mast cells. PMID- 6606184 TI - A correlational study of neural tube defects and infectious diseases. PMID- 6606185 TI - Pleural and mediastinal changes following endoscopic injection sclerotherapy of esophageal varices. AB - Postero-anterior and lateral chest radiographs of patients undergoing endoscopic injection sclerotherapy of esophageal varices were reviewed. Radiographs were obtained prior to and within 48 hours of treatment. Following sclerotherapy, pleural effusions and densities were commonly seen at the azygoesophageal reflection and the posterior wall of the bronchus intermedius; however, on follow up they had resolved. Most patients were asymptomatic, and morbidity was low. These findings suggest that inflammation developing after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy extends beyond the esophageal wall into the mediastinum and pleural space. PMID- 6606186 TI - Gastric bleeding sites: an angiographic study. AB - Arteriograms showing distinct points of extravasation in 103 patients with clinical gastric bleeding were reviewed. In 98% of cases there was a single point of extravasation, which was located in the proximal portion of the stomach in 92%. The left gastric artery supplied the bleeding site in 85% of patients. Angiographic and endoscopic findings agreed in 83% of patients in whom the endoscopist saw active bleeding and 72% of those in whom the bleeding site was not seen. Stress associated with major surgery, trauma, or sepsis was the underlying clinical condition in 57%, and in 95% of these patients the site of extravasation was the proximal portion of the stomach. PMID- 6606187 TI - Arterialization of the portal vein for control of variceal bleeding. Clinical and angiographic follow-up. AB - Angiographic and clinical findings in 33 patients who underwent arterialization of the portal vein and end-to-side portacaval shunt over a seven-year period are reviewed. Both encephalopathy and postoperative bleeding were less frequent than in previous series. Major angiographic findings included stenosis or closure of the gastroepiploic artery-portal vein shunt, narrowing of the intrahepatic portal vein, aneurysm formation in the saphenous vein graft, shunt narrowing or thrombosis, and development of portosystemic collaterals. The authors conclude that as long as the shunt remains patent, a more physiological state is maintained. PMID- 6606188 TI - Facial nerve neuromas: radiologic evaluation. AB - Eight patients who had facial nerve neuromas were examined, and the radiographic findings are reported. Thin section tomography, high resolution computed tomography, posterior fossa computed tomography, and cerebellopontine angle cisternography using Pantopaque (iophendylate) demonstrated bone erosions and soft tissue masses conforming to the course of the facial nerve. The lesions generally exhibited either a proximal or a distal pattern of nerve involvement. Radiologic imaging frequently permits a correct preoperative diagnosis and accurate definition of the extent of facial nerve neuromas, assessments that are important for proper patient management. PMID- 6606189 TI - The vestibular aqueduct in congenital deafness: evaluation by the axial projection. AB - Thirty-two patients with congenital neurosensory hearing loss demonstrated dilatation of the peripheral limb of the vestibular aqueduct as visualized on pluridirectional tomograms. Multiple additional anomalies involving most frequently the cochlea (15 patients) but also the ossicles (three patients) or vestibule (one patient) were associated. The axial-pyramidal (Poschl) projection was of great value in evaluation of the vestibular aqueduct and cochlea. The technique, clinical correlation, and surgical implications are discussed. PMID- 6606190 TI - Volume and planar gated cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: a correlative study of normal anatomy with thallium-201 SPECT and cadaver sections. AB - Magnetic resonance (MR) gated cardiac imaging was performed in ten subjects using a prototype 0.15-T resistive magnet imaging system. Volume and planar imaging techniques utilizing saturation recovery, proton Tl-weighted relaxation time pulse sequences produced images of the heart and great vessels with exquisite anatomic detail that showed excellent correlation with cadaver sections of the heart. The left ventricular myocardial segments also showed excellent correlation with the thallium-201 cardiac single photon emission computed tomography images. Volume acquisition allowed postprocessing selection of tomographic sections in various orientations to optimize visualization of a particular structure of interest. The excellent spatial and contrast resolution afforded by MR volume imaging, which does not involve the use of ionizing radiation and iodinated contrast material, should assure it a significant role in the diagnostic assessment of the cardiovascular system. PMID- 6606191 TI - Single photon emission computed tomograms of the liver: normal vascular intrahepatic structures. AB - Because of the high target-to-background contrast obtained with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), normal intrahepatic vessels approximately 2 cm in diameter may appear as distinct focal defects in tomographic sections throughout the liver even though normal vessels rarely cause such defects on planar images. To assess this problem, five subjects without evidence of liver disease underwent tomography of the liver with Tc-99m sulfur colloid (TSC) and on a separate occasion tomography of the intrahepatic blood pool with Tc-99m autologous red blood cells (RBC). In each case, well demarcated defects were obvious in contiguous TSC liver tomograms in various planes. Direct comparison with RBC tomograms showed that all of these defects corresponded to intrahepatic veins, typically the right portal vein, its posterior branch, and the left portal vein. Knowledge of the intrahepatic vascular anatomy in a variety of tomographic planes, with examination of each defect in multiple orthogonal planes is necessary to avoid false positive interpretations. In some instances a study with RBC may also be required for more conclusive evaluation of defects seen on TSC liver tomograms. PMID- 6606192 TI - [Chronic intestinal coccidiosis in the human]. PMID- 6606193 TI - [Duodenal ulcer with reduction of the duodenal diameter. Treatment exclusively by proximal gastric vagotomy--results]. PMID- 6606194 TI - [Repairing vascular surgery in the treatment of sexual impotence]. PMID- 6606195 TI - [Psychiatry in the general hospital]. PMID- 6606196 TI - [A pilot survey of the Brazilian Medical Association on smoking among physicians]. PMID- 6606197 TI - [Tuberculous pseudotumor of the retroperitoneum]. PMID- 6606198 TI - [Idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: report of a case associated with a congenital defect of the tricuspid valve]. PMID- 6606199 TI - [Autoimmune anemia and thrombopenia in mixed connective tissue disease]. PMID- 6606200 TI - Therapy of fibrosarcoma in the rectum of rats by selective hyperthermia. PMID- 6606201 TI - Catheter embolization in the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 6606203 TI - [Lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis after anti inflammatory and immunosuppressive treatment]. PMID- 6606202 TI - The morphological consequences of thermosurgery. AB - Immediately after electric coagulation or laser surgery, black-brown carbonizations were observed on the surface of different human tissue biopsies and in the experimental studies of rat organs. In specimens of liver, urinary bladder, and prostate coagulation necrosis developed, followed by a cell-rich granulation tissue with giant cells of the foreign body type. More than 3 months after the thermoinjury the granulomas could still be demonstrated in the tissue. After 6-8 weeks postoperatively (p.o.) a fibrous scar tissue began to develop. The number of lymphocytes in the central T-dependent peripheral lymphatic sheaths (PALS) of the spleen and their labeling index decreased within the first 2 days after thermoinjury followed by a slight hyperplasia after day 5. This initial T cell alteration may reflect the clinico-serologic finding which shows that after skin burn a temporary reduction of the cell-mediated immune defense mechanism of the organism is observed. Compared with wound healing after scalpel or cryosurgical injuries, the delayed wound healing after thermosurgery may be caused by the alteration of the lymphoid system due to a disturbed co-operation of T- and B-lymphocytes with macrophages. PMID- 6606204 TI - [Surgiura's technic for the treatment of esophageal varices (azygos-portal disconnection]. PMID- 6606205 TI - Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Effectors, signals, and mechanisms. PMID- 6606206 TI - [Mini-doses of heparin in the endoscopic resection of the prostate]. PMID- 6606207 TI - Coagulation factor VII. (Biochemistry, role in blood coagulation, methods of assay, congenital deficiencies and relationship with thrombosis). AB - Factor VII is a trace plasma protein which is very reactive and can be activated through several enzymatic pathways. It has been postulated that factor VII has all the features of an initiator of the clotting mechanism. The severe congenital deficiency of factor VII is characterized by a clinical picture which is not distinguishable from that observed in hemophilias. The presence of factor alpha VIIa in the circulation in clinical conditions associated with thrombosis leads to the assumption that this factor, when activated, may play an important role in thrombogenesis. The variants of factor VII congenital deficiency and the methods currently employed to assay factor VII in various conditions are reviewed. PMID- 6606208 TI - Antiperinuclear factor in an Italian series of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Serum samples from 90 cases of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 218 control patients and 100 healthy controls were tested by indirect immunofluorescence for the presence of the antiperinuclear factor (APF), an autoantibody to the keratohyaline granules of human buccal mucosal cells. The sensitivity and specificity of the APF test for RA were 82 and 90%, respectively, slightly higher than those obtained when the same serum samples were tested for rheumatoid factor (RF) using a latex agglutination method. The diagnostic gain of APF in the RF negative RA cases was greater than that of RF in the APF-negative cases (54% vs. 37%). In spite of a few technical disadvantages, the APF test should be therefore performed in the serological routine examination of rheumatic diseases. As APF was also found in 11% of degenerative joint disease (DJD) cases and the estimated prevalence ratio RA/DJD is, in Italy, 1/11, the predictive value of a negative APF test proved to be much higher than that of a positive test (98% vs. 40%) for the diagnosis of RA. APF was significantly associated with other autoantibodies (RF and antinuclear antibody). PMID- 6606209 TI - [Intra-operative coronary spasm and its management]. PMID- 6606210 TI - [Eosinophilic arthritis and general review of the significance of articular eosinophilia]. AB - The authors report two cases of eosinophilic arthritis in allergic patients, which constitute the 9th and 10th reported cases. This condition consists of episodes of mildly painful, mildly incapacitating monoarthritis, essentially involving the knee, which last 2 to 15 days. These monoarthritis occur in young allergic patients; there are no allergic manifestations during the episode of arthritis and there is apparently no provoking allergen, but examination reveals intense dermographism. Apart from the presence of eosinophil polymorphonuclear cells in the synovial fluid, one can also find Charcot-Leyden crystals (one of the two cases in this study). The histological examination of the synovial membrane in one of these patients revealed an infiltration of eosinophil polymorphs. A raised serum IgE is always found. Including these two cases, the authors have found 11 out of 4277 specimens of joint fluid which show articular eosinophilia. The nine other cases consisted of one haemarthrosis, two post arthrographic effusions, one filarial arthritis, one psoriatic rheumatism, one Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome and three cases of unclassifiable arthritis. Data from the literature show that articular eosinophilia is a rare phenomenon, that it does not constitute a simple local reflection of a blood hypereosinophilia and that it can consist of the cases found in this study. PMID- 6606211 TI - Epidemiology of hearing impairment in male adult subjects at 49-69 years of age. AB - As part of a cross-sectional prevalence study aimed towards elucidation of the relationship between physical fitness and coronary heart disease, information concerning the hearing ability and hearing disorders was included into postal questionnaires. These were distributed to 5 050 male subjects at a median age of 53 years, range 45-65 years, and employed in public and private Copenhagen companies. A random sample of subjects was drawn from the respondents and subjected to audiological examination (N = 206). The prevalence of hearing impairment, based on the criterion of an audiometric pure-tone threshold averaged over 500, 1 000, 2 000 and 4 000 Hz greater than or equal to 25 dB HL, is 35 +/- 5%, which compares fairly well with the number of 44 +/- 7% complaining of subjective hearing impairment. Only 16 +/- 5% had normal hearing sensitivity, and 38 +/- 7% had permanent, noise-induced hearing impairment. The prevalence and characteristics of hearing impairment are compared with a recent English epidemiological investigation using an identical average of pure-tone thresholds as criterion for hearing impairment. Furthermore, the present results are considered in view of different criteria for hearing impairment and their relation to subjective complaints of reduced hearing ability. Based on the anamnesis, the pure-tone audiometric data and additional tests used for topical diagnostic purposes, the prevalence of various aetiologies of hearing impairment is indicated for the male age group in question. PMID- 6606212 TI - Stereo scanning electron microscopy of the crystalline lens. AB - We have used an improved protocol to prepare human, human neonatal, rat and frog lenses for examination by stereo scanning electron microscopy. In this manner, complete and accurate images of the changes in lens cell shape, size and surface complexity are revealed as they differentiate and develop from cuboidal epithelial cells into elongate fiber cells. This method also shows that the apical ends of elongating fibers are variably expanded as they interface with the overlying lens epithelium. Apical ends are most expanded as they contact pre germinative zone epithelial cells and least enlarged as they contact transitional zone cells. By examining the interlocking devices on opposed fibers in frog, rat and human lenses we determined that there are standard types and interlocking patterns in all lens species. Finally, stereo SEM reveals that the ridges previously reported on aged human nuclear fibers are also seen on human neonatal cortical fibers and that these ridges may actually be interlocked villous or fingerlike projections. PMID- 6606213 TI - The association between autoimmunity and agnogenic myeloid metaplasia. AB - A patient with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (AMM) associated with an ill-defined autoimmune disease is described and the literature on autoimmunity in AMM is reviewed. In view of the available data, it seems that the association between AMM and autoimmunity observed in our patient is not fortuitous. PMID- 6606215 TI - Immunoglobulin synthesis in hairy cell leukaemia. Ultrastructural immunocytochemical study of 3 cases. AB - 3 cases of hairy cell leukaemia were studied with ultrastructural immunocytochemical methods using an anti human Ig HRPO-Fab fragment. Ig were detected on the cell surface, in the perinuclear cisterna and endoplasmic reticulum of hairy cells. Evidence of Ig in these sites demonstrates a B-lymphoid differentiation of the leukaemic cells. PMID- 6606214 TI - Circulating immune complexes in haemophilia and von Willebrand's disease. AB - Sera from 63 patients with haemophilia A, 21 with haemophilia B and 29 with von Willebrand's disease were screened for the presence of circulating immune complexes (CICs), serological markers of hepatitis A and B virus, autoantibodies and factor VIII or factor IX inhibitors. CICs were detected by the 125J Clq binding assay (ClqBA), the solid phase conglutinin assay (KgBSP) and the solid phase Clq assay (ClqSP). The incidence of CICs detected by the ClqBA and the ClqSP methods in haemophiliacs and in von Willebrand patients was higher than that observed in normal subjects, while the prevalence of CICs detected by the KgBSP method was not. The presence of CICs was not correlated with patient age, severity of disease, presence of hepatitis B virus serological markers, abnormal liver function tests or factor VIII inhibitors. A significant connection was demonstrated between CICs detected by the ClqBA method and replacement therapy when the dose administered over 1 year was over 20 000 U of factor VIII or IX concentrates. The high proportion of CICs in von Willebrand's disease, not connected with the replacement therapy or the presence of serological markers of hepatitis virus, is in agreement with the possibility that immune complexes may be related to the disease itself and independent, at least in part, of exogenous agents. PMID- 6606216 TI - Studies on the role of mononuclear phagocytes in resistance to acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. AB - The role of mononuclear phagocytes in various phases of the acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection was studied. The anti-macrophage agent carrageenan delayed virus clearance. Carrageenan was most effective when given before virus inoculation, suggesting that it interfered with early events in the host response to the virus. Correspondingly, carrageenan enhanced early virus multiplication. Pretreatment with carrageenan apparently did not inhibit induction of the T-cell response and had little or no direct effect on T-cell dependent anti-viral activity. The LCMV-induced natural killer response was also unimpaired by this treatment. Taken together, these findings suggest that resident macrophages constitute a barrier to the initial multiplication of LCMV. A breakdown of this macrophage barrier results in a more disseminated infection, which the specific immune response has difficulty in eliminating. Adoptive transfer experiments with pre-irradiated recipients showed that T-cell-dependent virus clearance required interaction between donor-derived primary immune spleen cells and radiosensitive host cells. T cells did not seem to constitute the radiosensitive host component, since athymic (nude) mice functioned well as recipients. Together with previously published data, this finding strongly suggests that T-cell-dependent virus clearance involves cooperation between T cells and non-committed cells, probably monocytes. PMID- 6606217 TI - The polyclonal lipopolysaccharide response is accessory-cell-dependent. AB - Different concentrations of spleen cells from C57BL.10 mice were activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and DNA synthesis and IgM and IgG secretion were measured. The dilution curve was sigmoid, and the response was rapidly lost below a certain cell concentration. In the presence of thymocytes or spleen cells from the LPS-non-responder strain C57BL.10/ScCr the dilution curve for the LPS response of cells from C57BL.10 mice became linear, and the overall response was increased. Irradiated cells could not restore the response at suboptimal cell concentrations. In addition, enriched T cells restored the response as well as normal spleen cells, whereas enriched B cells did not. We compared the restoring capacity of different filler cells for the LPS response with that of a plasmacytoma cell line cultured at suboptimal cell concentrations. The results are compatible with the idea that the filler cells provide growth-stimulating activity to LPS-responsive cells but growth-supporting activity to the tumour cells. Furthermore, highly enriched B-cell populations respond poorly to LPS, but the response can be partly restored by filler cells. These data suggest that the LPS response is accessory-cell-dependent. PMID- 6606218 TI - T-cell growth factor contains activity that supports natural killer activity in vitro. AB - Lymphocytes from athymic and normal mice were tested and compared for cytotoxic activity after in vitro cultures supplemented with concanavalin A or T-cell growth factor (TCGF). Our results indicate that, in addition to cytotoxic T cells, natural killer (NK) activity can be recovered from lymphocytes cultured in the presence of TCGF and that this is not the result of contaminating interferon in the TCGF preparations. The NK nature of the effector cells was established by means of a panel of target cells, including a teratocarcinoma tumour cell, which enabled the distinction of T-cell- and NK-cell-mediated lysis. PMID- 6606219 TI - An extended C1q-binding assay using lactoperoxidase- and chloramine-T-iodinated C1q. Immediate distinction between immune-aggregate-mediated and non-immune aggregate-mediated C1q binding. AB - An extension of the C1q-binding assay for the detection of immune-aggregate mediated and non-immune-aggregate-mediated C1q binding is reported. The assay involves the use of two different C1q preparations, one radioiodinated by means of lactoperoxidase (LPO-125I-C1q) and the other by means of chloramine-T (CT-125I C1q). The treatment with CT for 20 min at room temperature before iodination for 1 min led to abolishment of the C1q-binding capacities to complexed IgG: approximately 50% of LPO-125I-C1q but only 2% of CT-125I-C1q bound to 80 micrograms/ml of IgG forming part of tetanus toxoid/anti-tetanus toxoid complexes or to 200 micrograms/ml of heat-aggregated human gamma globulin. Similar results were obtained with staphylococcal protein-A-aggregated IgG. CT-treated C1q was haemolytically inactive. In contrast to the results with complexed IgG, CT treatment did not markedly reduce binding capacities of C1q to heparin: approximately 55% of LPO- and CT-125I-C1q were bound by 127 U/ml of commercial heparin in normal human serum. Both C1q preparations bound to a comparable extent to fibronectin, fibrinogen, and various bacterial endotoxins. When the LPO- and CT-125I-C1q-binding patterns obtained on serum samples from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, or essential mixed cryoglobulinaemia were compared with binding patterns observed using laboratory reactants, an immediate detection of non-immune-aggregate-mediated C1q binding became possible. PMID- 6606220 TI - Ia-expressing cells and T lymphocytes of different subsets in peripheral nerve tissue during experimental allergic neuritis in Lewis rats. AB - Inflammatory infiltrates in sciatic nerves during the acute phase of experimental allergic neuritis in the Lewis rat have been characterized with regard to occurrence and distribution of Ia-expressing cells and T-lymphocyte subsets by the help of an immunohistochemical double-staining technique, enabling the simultaneous visualization of T lymphocytes and Ia-expressing non-T cells. Large numbers of Ia-expressing irregular macrophage-like/dendritic cells were seen both within inflammatory infiltrates and within afflicted nervous tissue. Many W3/13 reactive T lymphocytes of both 'helper' and 'suppressor/cytoxic' phenotypes appeared in close contact with these Ia-expressing non-T cells, particularly within the infiltrates. B lymphocytes and plasma cells were relatively few and mainly found close to endoneurial vessels. PMID- 6606221 TI - Anti-oxazolone hybridomas and strain distribution of the oxazolone idiotype. AB - Antibodies produced in the primary response to the hapten 2-phenyloxazolone (OX) express a cross-reactive idiotype in BALB/c and DBA/2 mice. We studied the response in hyperimmunized mice, using ascites produced after multiple immunizations with an OX conjugate and by generating monoclonal antibodies. A competitive radioimmunoassay was developed using a rabbit anti-idiotype antiserum raised against purified hyperimmune anti-OX antibodies. Mice from strains including CBA, C3H/He and B10.BR expressed all the determinants found in BALB/c serum, although at a lower titre. C57BL/6 mice, however, only expressed some of the BALB/c determinants. We isolated a monoclonal antibody, 1F9, which expressed some of the determinants found in BALB/c serum. All the cross-reactive idiotopes expressed on 1F9 were also expressed in the above strains including C57BL/6. Almost every BALB/c anti-OX antibody also expressed the 1F9 determinants. There are thus determinants of the BALB/c OX idiotype which are expressed in a number of different strains previously thought to be negative for the idiotype. PMID- 6606222 TI - Antibacterial activity of nine oral antibiotics against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis. AB - The efficacy of nine oral antibiotics were analyzed by the agar dilution method against clinical isolates consisting of 87 beta-lactamase positive and negative Haemophilus influenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis strains and 30 Streptococcus pneumoniae strains. The following drugs were tested: cefaclor, cefalexin, cefadroxil, cefradin, phenoxymethylpenicillin, ampicillin, amoxycillin, erythromycin and doxycycline. Inoculations of 10(4) bacteria/plate were made with a Steers inoculator on Mueller-Hinton agar containing 5% blood. Cefaclor was more effective than the other cefalosporins against all H. influenzae and B. catarrhalis strains, regardless of their beta-lactamase production. Cefaclor and cefradin were more effective than cefalexin and cefadroxil against S. pneumoniae strains. Cefaclor was less effective than erythromycin against pneumococci, B. catarrhalis and beta-lactamase positive H. influenzae strains and equally effective against beta-lactamase negative H. influenzae strains. Cefaclor was less active than doxycycline against the B. catarrhalis and H. influenzae strains and showed similar efficacy as doxycycline against pneumococci. PMID- 6606223 TI - Activity of cephalosporin antibiotics against Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of nine cephalosporins were determined for 90 isolates of Haemophilus influenzae including 70 amoxycillin-resistant strains. Cefotaxime was the most active of the parenteral antibiotics tested, with a modal MIC of 0.03 mg/l, compared with ceftazidime 0.12 mg/l, cefamandole 0.25 mg/l, cefuroxime 0.5 mg/l and cefathiamidine 4 mg/l. Cefaclor was the most active of the oral cephalosporins tested, with a modal MIC of 2 mg/l compared with cephalexin 8 mg/l and cephradine 32 mg/l. Amoxycillin-sensitive and beta lactamase-producing haemophili had similar MICs for all cephalosporins. Twenty amoxycillin-resistant beta-lactamase non-producing strains showed high MICs for all beta-lactams tested. A cell permeability barrier is postulated as a mechanism of resistance in these strains. PMID- 6606224 TI - Artificial respiration by phrenic nerve stimulation (diaphragm pacing) in patients with cervical cord and brain stem lesions. AB - In patients who are dependent upon respirators because of paralysis of respiratory muscles, pacemakers for electrical stimulation of the phrenic nerves, leading to contractions of the diaphragm, are available. We have implanted such diaphragm pacers in ten selected patients with partial or total respiratory insufficiency of central nervous origin. Preoperatively, transcutaneous phrenic nerve stimulation in the neck was undertaken with simultaneous fluoroscopy of the diaphragm and quantitative studies of ventilation and blood gases. Phrenic nerve stimulators were implanted bilaterally in eight and unilaterally in two patients. One patient died 3 weeks postoperatively from pneumonia, the remaining patients are entirely independent of respirator at a mean follow-up time of 20 months. Postoperative studies showed sufficient ventilation with diaphragm pacing in both sitting and recumbent body position. Their quality of life has improved. They still require permanent supervision and help with activities of daily life but all except one live in their homes. They can talk and some of them even attend school. PMID- 6606225 TI - [Spontaneous radial segmentation of cell nuclei: morphologic marker of T-cell neoplasms?]. AB - Radial segmentation (RS) of leukocyte nuclei has been observed, for example, in leukemias (Rieder cells). In 6 of 8 patients with T-ALL, RS of neoplastic cells was found in the peripheral blood, whereas in 14 patients with non-T-ALL no RS cells were present. RS may be a morphologic marker for certain T-cell neoplasms, and with regard to ultrastructure it seems to be identical to heat-induced RS of non-neoplastic cells. PMID- 6606226 TI - [Poor fibrinolytic response to venous occlusion: defect of endothelial cells or plasma interference?]. AB - To better characterize the plasminogen activators (v-PA) before and after venous occlusion, the euglobulins obtained from the plasma of 24 volunteers have been separated on SDS-PAGE and revealed zymographically. All the subjects with an excellent fibrinolytic response on fibrin plates (greater than 1.3 TAU/ml) exhibited activity of 68 kdaltons, which corresponds to free v-PA. The poor responders on fibrin plates (less than or equal to 0.3 TAU/ml) only showed increase of a lysis zone at 110 kdaltons, corresponding to a complex of v-PA and a fast-acting inhibitor. Hence poor fibrinolytic activity on fibrin plates after venous occlusion could be due to high plasma concentration of this inhibitor and not necessarily to defective production or release of v-PA. PMID- 6606227 TI - [Frequency of kidney cyst wall cancer--results of 22,000 ultrasound studies]. AB - In 22 198 sonographic examinations of the epigastric region, the authors identified 759 renal cysts (3.4%) and 165 renal tumours (0.74%). The percentage of incidence of the renal cysts is identical with that found in post-mortem examinations, whereas tumours were distinctly more frequent. Tumours of the cystic wall had been found in 0.5% of all sonographically diagnosed cysts and in 4% of renal cysts examined via fine-needle biopsy. Of the latter cysts (i.e. out of the 4% of cysts diagnosed by fine-needle biopsy), which were associated with tumours, two had been diagnosed as tumour suspects via sonography. Hence, the sonographic absence of abnormal findings in carcinoma of the renal cyst wall is rare. However, cysts diagnosed via sonography which cannot be subjected to fine needle biopsy, should be rechecked and followed up at regular intervals. If all possible methods of diagnosis are utilised (I.V. urography, sonography, fine needle biopsy guided by sonography, computed tomography, angiography), successful differential diagnosis of localised pathological conditions of the kidneys can be achieved in 97% of all cases. Patient risk and cost of diagnosis can be kept at a minimum by proceeding in steps as described in the article. Primary surgical exposure of the kidneys in case of a cystic renal process would now appear justified for therapeutic reasons only, not for the purpose of arriving at a diagnosis. PMID- 6606228 TI - Identification of the receptor for antigen and major histocompatibility complex on human inducer T lymphocytes. AB - Human T cell clones and monoclonal antibodies directed at their surface structures were used to define the receptor for the antigen and major histocompatibility complex on inducer T lymphocytes. The results indicated that the receptor is a single complex consisting of the monomorphic T3 molecule with a molecular weight of 20,000 to 25,000 and a clonotypic disulfide linked heterodimer Ti with a molecular weight of 90,000. Sepharose-bound monoclonal antibodies (anti-Ti4 or anti-T3) to the receptor could activate clonal proliferation and inducer function for B cell immunoglobulin secretion and thus substitute for the appropriate combination of major histocompatibility complex gene product and specific antigen. PMID- 6606229 TI - Emission tomography of the kidney. AB - Single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) was done on two patients with suspected renal masses. Nuclear scintigraphy was equivocal on two tumors readily identified by SPECT. Single photon tomography is cost effective and increases the reliability of nuclear scintigraphy. PMID- 6606230 TI - Lesions at the foramen of Monro: evaluation by computed tomography, angiography, and pneumoencephalography. AB - The majority of abnormalities at the foramen of Monro identified by computed tomography (CT) are colloid cysts, but a number of other diseases in this location may produce a similar CT appearance. In a series of 21 patients the radiologic findings included six colloid cysts, two neoplasms, five vascular lesions, three congenital neuroectodermal diseases, four infectious or granulomatous lesions, and one idiopathic calcified mass at the foramen of Monro. The neuroradiologic evaluation included contrast-enhanced and contrast nonenhanced cranial CT scans and cerebral angiography in the majority of cases. Pneumoencephalography provided useful ancillary diagnostic information in four patients. PMID- 6606231 TI - Pancreatica magna aneurysm: rupture into the pancreatic duct. AB - A 49-year-old black man had rupture of a pancreatica magna aneurysm into the pancreatic duct as an inflammatory consequence of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic pseudocyst. It is the ninth reported case of splenic arterial branch rupture due to chronic pancreatitis and the seventh reported case due to chronic pancreatitis associated with pancreatic pseudocyst, and is presented to emphasize its importance as a possible cause of gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6606232 TI - [Current aspects of the treatment of acute crises in drepanocytosis: the H.A.A.T.O.P. formula]. PMID- 6606233 TI - [Transcutaneous electrostimulation in surgery]. PMID- 6606234 TI - [Immunocompetent cell content in the blood and mucosa of the small intestine in nonspecific ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 6606235 TI - Correction of spinal curvatures by transcutaneous electrical muscle stimulation. AB - Transcutaneous electrical neuromuscular stimulation was used to induce acute scoliosis of up to 56 degrees in straight cat spines. Conversely in humans, surface muscle stimulation was able to acutely correct 35 idiopathic scoliosis curves an average of 44%. The amount of correction obtained increased linearly with the length of the skeletal lever arms (ribs, pelvis) interconnecting the stimulated musculature with the vertebrae of the spinal curve. When the electrodes were placed over the lateral trunk musculature rather than on the paraspinals, the scoliosis reduction improved threefold. Similar results were found in a group of seven neuromuscular scoliotics. Muscle groups stimulated were detected with thermography. In 18 kyphosis patients, an average of 13 degrees correction was accomplished with stimulation of the paraspinal musculature. The foundation for clinical use of surface muscle stimulation in the management of excessive spinal curvatures was established, with guidelines for electrode placement in scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis, and curvature combinations. PMID- 6606236 TI - Spinal-cord concussion in frogs. A study of reflex changes. AB - A reliable experimental model of the spinal frog, employing the flexor withdrawal reflex to a noxious stimulus, has been used to study the response to single and repeated concussing blows over the spinal column. It is evident that caudally placed blows depress the reflex response, whereas more cephalad blows facilitate the response. The results of studies using repeated concussing blows support the concept that neuronal units may completely lose their function without suffering permanent structural damage. PMID- 6606237 TI - [Comparison of the in vitro antibacterial activity of trimethoprim-sulfadiazine and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combinations]. PMID- 6606239 TI - Increase of HLA-"DRw6" in patients with juvenile chronic arthritis. AB - In 43 patients with pauciarticular and 26 patients with polyarticular juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA), an increased frequency was found for HLA-B27 (36%) in male patients with onset of the disease over 9 years of age. The antigen "DRw6" was observed in high frequency (average 57%) in all subtypes of the disease. Indications for increased frequencies were obtained for DR3 in male JCA (40%) and DR5 (42%) in female JCA patients. PMID- 6606238 TI - Specificity of anti-HLA-B27 cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - Sub-types of HLA-B27 were detected by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) generated between HLA-A, -B- and -C-identical B27-positive individuals. We now report the specificity of six independent CTL's generated by mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) of HLA-A, -B and -C serologically identical B27-positive responder and stimulator cells. Three CTL's recognize one sub-type, and three the other. The combined reactivity of all CTL's allows unequivocal "typing" of B27-positive cells for the two different sub-types B27K and B27W. The specificity of two CTL's was analysed by cold-target inhibition. The results indicate that (1) no further sub-types of HLA-B27 can be detected by the CTL's raised in these combinations; (2) the majority of the CTL's is directed against the B27 antigens; and (3) "extra reactions" on B27-negative cells are caused by a subset(s) of CTL's recognizing unknown antigens shared between stimulator and target cells. CTL's raised by stimulation of HLA-B27-negative responder cells with B27-positive cells of either sub-type lysed all B27-positive target cells indiscriminately. In cold-target inhibition, however, B27-positive cells, carrying the sub-type of B27 different from that of the stimulator, could not inhibit the lysis of cells bearing the stimulator sub-type of B27. This indicates the activation, in B27-negative responders, of at least two different groups of CTL clones, one directed against shared determinants of HLA-B27, and one against the HLA-B27 sub-type. Heterogeneity of the HLA-B27 antigen may have implications for studies on the well-known association between this antigen and various diseases. PMID- 6606240 TI - Cetaben versus clofibrate: comparison of toxicity and peroxisome proliferation in rats. AB - Cetaben and clofibrate were each administered to groups of 6 rats (3 male and 3 female) by gavage at dosages of 50 mg/kg per day and 200 mg/kg per day for 2 weeks. Cetaben caused 1 death at 200 mg/kg per day and decreases in body weight gain and food consumption at 50 mg/kg per day or more. There were no effects on body weight or food consumption in the clofibrate-treated groups. At 200 mg/kg per day cetaben and clofibrate induced comparable increases in liver weight and in numbers of liver peroxisomes while cetaben caused increases in liver catalase activity as well. PMID- 6606241 TI - Public policy and female sterilization in Costa Rica. AB - For 20 years, female sterilization has been increasing in popularity as a contraceptive method in Costa Rica. However, contraceptive sterilization has never been allowed explicitly under Costa Rican law. In 1976 the Costa Rican National Assembly instituted more stringent guidelines regarding medical sterilizations in order to eliminate contraceptive sterilizations, which had been occurring under relatively loose interpretations of national policy. Data from the 1976 National Fertility Survey and the 1981 Contraceptive Prevalence Survey indicate that the change in policy had only a short-term effect. Period sterilization rates fell substantially after 1976 but rebounded considerably by 1980, and the estimate of the proportion of married women who will ultimately be sterilized was approximately .5 for the periods both before and after 1976. PMID- 6606242 TI - [Do immunological factors play a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease?]. AB - Immunological injury is frequently thought to be a critical factor in Alzheimer's disease. In this review we discuss the immunological indices in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type and subsequently the nature of cerebral amyloid. We conclude that the results of the immunopathological research program have not contributed to the understanding of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Finally, we discuss the problems of neurobiological investigations concerning patients with dementia. PMID- 6606243 TI - In vivo requirements for the immune recognition of L1210 leukemia cells by allogeneic T-lymphocytes. AB - The resistance of normal BALB/c mice (H-2d) against the L1210 Ha leukemia of DBA/2 mouse (H-2d) origin is due to the T-lymphocyte-dependent reaction towards DBA/2 multiple minor histocompatibility antigens (Mhas). These Mhas are displayed by the leukemic cells, though in a poorly immunogenic manner. The simultaneous presence of mitomycin C-inactivated DBA/2 leukocytes induces a significantly stronger T-lymphocyte-dependent reaction. This efficient presentation of target Mhas is restricted to Ia+ leukocytes. Their presence significantly increases BALB/c resistance, even when they are injected 3 days after the L1210 Ha challenge. PMID- 6606244 TI - [Adult psychiatric day and night care patients. A cross sectional study in a Danish county with special reference to social, diagnostic and hospitalization conditions]. PMID- 6606245 TI - [Incidence of vertigo, falls and cardiac symptoms in geriatric patients. A cross sectional study of 150 geriatric patients]. PMID- 6606246 TI - [Lymphoblastic T-lymphoma of the convoluted-cell type]. PMID- 6606247 TI - [Massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage caused by metastases from a malignant melanoma]. PMID- 6606248 TI - [New method for objective assessment of color vision (preliminary results)]. PMID- 6606249 TI - [Disseminated ischemic necrosis in profuse gastroduodenal hemorrhage]. AB - On the basis of clinical observations and literature data the author made a conclusion concerning the development of disseminated necrosis in the abdominal organs following massive profuse gastroduodenal hemorrhages. The earlier idea of the toxic effect of the blood collected in the intestine has neither clinical nor experimental support. PMID- 6606250 TI - [Association of bleeding polyp and ulcer of the duodenal bulb penetrating into the head of the pancreas]. PMID- 6606252 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of an exogastric hemangioma of the stomach]. PMID- 6606251 TI - [Contactless destruction of urinary calculi and gallstones by extracorporeally focused shock waves (review of the literature)]. PMID- 6606253 TI - Symposium on gastroenterology. PMID- 6606254 TI - The acute abdomen. PMID- 6606255 TI - Exploratory celiotomy in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases. PMID- 6606256 TI - Differential diagnosis and therapy of vomiting. PMID- 6606257 TI - Campylobacter species in the dog and cat. A cause for concern? PMID- 6606258 TI - Phacoanaphylactic endophthalmitis in an owl. PMID- 6606259 TI - Morphological transformation of human adenoviruses is determined to a large extent by gene products of region E1a. AB - The role of region E1a and E1b of human adenovirus (Ad) types 5 and 12 in determining the morphology of transformed colonies has been studied. Primary baby rat kidney cells were transfected with a mixture of plasmids containing Ad5 region E1a and Ad12 region E1b, or vice versa, and the morphology of the resulting transformed colonies was studied. It was found that the morphology of the colonies was correlated with the identity of the E1a region present in the cells; i.e., colonies transformed by Ad5 E1a plus Ad12 E1b resembled Ad5 transformed colonies, whereas those transformed by Ad12 E1a plus Ad5E1b resembled Ad12-transformed colonies. This suggested that the morphology of Ad-transformed cells is determined mainly by region E1a. To exclude the possibility that this phenomenon is due to an E1a-mediated and serotype-specific regulation of E1b expression and that the transformed phenotype is largely determined by region E1b, the experiments were repeated with Ad5 E1b plasmids in which the transcription regulation sequences had been replaced by the SV40 early promoter segment. In these plasmids E1b expression has become independent of region E1a. Foci of cells transformed by these E1b-SV40 promoter plasmids in the presence of either E1a of Ad5 or E1a of Ad12 again showed the same phenomenon, i.e., an Ad5 specific morphology with Ad5 E1a and Ad12-specific morphology with Ad12 E1a. Preliminary evidence showing that region E1b may regulate the concentration of E1a transcripts is discussed. PMID- 6606260 TI - A comparison of spatio-temporal receptive fields of ganglion cells in the retinas of the tadpole and adult frog. AB - Receptive fields formed by ganglion cells were measured simultaneously in time and space in the adult and tadpole retinas. The spatio-temporal receptive-fields (STRFs) were measured by cross-correlating the spatio-temporal white-noise stimulus with the cells' spike discharges. Crosscorrelation was made photographically to extract the first order STRF kernel (approximately linear component of the STRFs). The time-course of STRF formed by the frog ganglion cells was twice as fast as that of the tadpole cells. The STRF formed by the tadpole ganglion cells was either a center-brightening or a center-dimming type whereas in the frog there was another class of cells which produced either complex STRFs or did not show any linear component in their STRFs. Size of the STRFs in frog and tadpole was similar in both frog and tadpole retinas. PMID- 6606261 TI - The products of photoreversing rhodopsin bleaching by microsecond flashes in the isolated vertebrate retina. AB - Bleaching experiments were carried out at room temperature on rhodopsin in isolated rat, frog and rat retinas with blue and orange laser flashes of very high energy and duration less than 3 microseconds. Blue flashes bleached a maximum of about 50% at the highest energies; orange ones bleached about 30% at intermediate energies but the value decreased to below 20% as the energy increased. This bleaching behaviour can be explained in terms of a kinetic model which assumes that bleaching is photoreversed during the flashes and which incorporates the relevant properties of rhodopsin, isorhodopsin, bathorhodopsin and lumirhodopsin. PMID- 6606262 TI - [Electrostimulation of bone repair in open fractures]. PMID- 6606263 TI - [HLA-B27 antigen and ankylosing spondylitis]. PMID- 6606265 TI - [Diagnostic value of examining basophilic leukocytes in the peripheral blood in rheumatism and rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6606264 TI - [Comparative study of the effects of alpha-25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and 24, 25 dihydroxycholecalciferol on calcium-phosphorus metabolism and on bone tissue in experimental kidney insufficiency in rats]. AB - Experimental chronic kidney insufficiency (CKI; within 2-6 months) in rats, kept on a diet containing 0.6% Ca2+ and 0.6% P was accompanied by distinct azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, by a decrease in specific weight, in content of Ca2+, P and hydroxyproline in diaphyses as well as by a decrease in epiphyseal Ca2+. Daily administration of 0.025 micrograms of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxy-cholecalciferol (1,25 (OH)2D3) into the animals did not normalize any of the patterns studied. At the same time, 1,25 (OH)2D3 increased the rate of hypercalciemia and demineralization of epiphyses, causing a slight hypercalciemia and increasing distinctly calcinosis of aorta as well as of the remaining part of the kidney. After daily administration of 24, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (24, 25 (OH)2D3) at a dose of 0.25 micrograms most of the patterns studied were normalized; specific weight, content of Ca2+ and P were increased in diaphyses simultaneously with a decrease in blood phosphorus concentration and in the level of azotemia. 24, 25 (OH)2D3 increased also the collagen content in diaphyses and epiphyses. The higher dose of 24, 25 (OH)2D3 (1.25 micrograms) did not exhibit higher effectivity. No one of the 24, 25 (OH)2D3 doses used did cause hypercalciemia and calcinosis. Combination of 0.025 micrograms 1,25 (OH)2D3 with 1.25 micrograms of 24, 25 (OH)2D3 decreased slightly the hypercalciemic, hyperphosphatemic and calcinosis inducing effects of 1,25 (OH)2D3 preventing completely the osteoporotic alterations in diaphyses but increasing the epiphysis demineralization; these results indicate that the doses of these metabolites must be decreased if their combination is required. The data obtained suggest that 24, 25 (OH)2D3 is a more effective and safe drug in correction of Ca2+-P metabolism impairments as well as of bone destruction under kidney insufficiency conditions as compared with 1,25 (OH)2D3. PMID- 6606266 TI - [State of hemodynamics and external respiration in chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 6606267 TI - [Cytochemical and immunologic characteristics of peripheral blood lymphocytes in myeloma]. PMID- 6606268 TI - [Cellular and humoral immunological characteristics of chronic pyelonephritis]. AB - The following indices were studied in 21 patients with chronic pyelonephritis: T lymphocytes - early and late, their TG and TM subpopulations; B-lymphocytes: complement-receptor, antibody (hemolysin) synthesizing, carring surface immunoglobulins (sIg+) and cytoplasmatic immunoglobulins (cIg+); immunoblasts in peripheral blood; serum level of immunoglobulins and of C3 - fraction of complement. The authors established a tendency to increase of early T-lymphocytes and their TG - subpopulations in the patients. TM - subpopulations were considerably lower, as compared with those of the healthy subjects. The complement - receptor and immunoglobulin-containing B cella in the patients with chronic pyelonephritis were increased as compared with the same in healthy subjects. Only IgM level in serum of the patients studied was higher than in the healthy subjects from the humoral factors of immune reactivity. Chronic pyelonephritis, was concluded, by the authors, to participate in the cellular humoral immune mechanisms with a predominating activation of B-populations and IgM synthesis. PMID- 6606269 TI - [Lymphocytes of the peripheral blood and palatine tonsils in children in morphological and immunological evaluation]. PMID- 6606270 TI - [Poisoning with elementary mercury: attempted suicide by inhalation of vapors from the heated metal]. AB - This paper reports on a case of attempted suicide by the rare means of prolonged inhalation of fumes from heated mercury. The patient developed symptoms of acute intoxication over a period of 4 to 24 hours after the suicide attempt. This phase consisted of pulmonary, intestinal, psychopathological and neurological signs, persisting at varying intensities for approximately 3 weeks; it was succeeded by a chronic phase with peripheral nerve changes, initially of the axonal type, but later also showing signs of demyelinisation. Furthermore, a pronounced organic brain syndrome developed. The psychopathological, somatic and detoxification results are presented, whereby the symptomatology worsened even after substantial mercury excretion. A follow-up 4 months after the acute episode confirmed the chronicity of the central and peripheral nervous impairment. Therapeutic measures (BAL and aminopenicillin) are discussed; the use of these even 13 weeks after exposure caused massive mercury excretion. PMID- 6606271 TI - [Intraoperative and postoperative course of enzyme activities in patients with angiographically closed and open aortocoronary bypass grafts]. AB - 30 patients who consecutively underwent cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation were investigated with regard to preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative activities of creatine kinase (CK) and CKMB isoenzyme (CK-MB), as well as myoglobin concentrations in the blood. 12 lead electrocardiograms were taken before and after the operation. At subsequent control angiography, of 18 patients with coronary heart disease 10 showed patent bypass grafts, whilst the remaining 8 patients had at least one occluded graft. 12 patients served as a control group, half of them undergoing mitral valve replacement and the other half aortic valve replacement. There was no significant difference in enzyme activity patterns between the groups. Specific determinations together with ECG monitoring can be of diagnostic help in perioperative control of these patients. PMID- 6606272 TI - [Mechanism of action of beta-lactam antibiotics and problems concerning the development of resistance in antibacterial chemotherapy]. AB - Beta-lactam antibiotics influence the metabolism of bacteria in very low concentrations by blocking the activity of penicillin binding proteins of gram negative rods. Dependent on the type of binding protein affected bacteria form filaments or sphaeroblasts. The most important resistance mechanism is the formation of beta lactamases, which cleave the beta-lactam ring and inactivate the antimicrobially active molecule. Gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococci excrete the enzymes into the environment; as long as the antibiotic is not destroyed by the enzyme, activity antimicrobial effectiveness is present and prevents bacterial proliferation. In gram-negative bacteria the beta lactamases are formed in the periplasmic space and inactivate the antibiotic after penetration into the bacterial organism. This type of beta-lactamase formation is transferred to the organism by transduction, transformation or conjugation. Bacterial resistance against beta-lactam antibiotics need not only be due to inactivation of the antimicrobial substance by beta lactamases, but can also be due to mechanisms independent of enzyme activity. We call this intrinsic resistance. Prior to clinical application of beta-lactam antibiotics the susceptibility of the organism should be determined by an antibiogram. PMID- 6606273 TI - Aging--immunologic changes--autoimmunity. PMID- 6606274 TI - [Computer tomography in the evaluation of the function of the aorto-coronary vein bypass]. PMID- 6606275 TI - [Electrophoretic behavior of peripheral blood lymphocytes in thermally injured patients]. AB - The division of peripheral blood lymphocytes in two populations succeeds by means of the electrophoresis equipment PARMOQUANT 2. These two fractions correspond to the B and the T cells according to Sabolovic. Continuous controls of the course in 9 patients with severe burn injuries showed an increase of the slowly migratory lymphocytes on the second to third day after the trauma. There occurs a slow normalisation towards the initial values in the end of the second week after the burn. This did not happen in case of the death of the patient because of his burn injury. PMID- 6606276 TI - [Methodical studies of human C1q preparation]. PMID- 6606277 TI - [Effect of general anesthesia and surgery on immunoregulatory T-lymphocytes]. PMID- 6606278 TI - [Enzyme breakdown of immune complexes]. AB - 4 types of immune complexes according to the Heidelberger curve were prepared as an in vitro model for immune complexes in rheumatoid arthritis and collagen diseases. Immune complexes of high and moderate antigen excess and immune complexes of high and moderate antibody excess were incubated with increasing concentrations of a mixture of enzymes or papain or pancreatin. The concentration of immune complexes was determined by a solid phase C1q radioimmunoassay before and after incubation. Up to 90% of the complexes of antigen excess were disintegrated even by low doses of enzymes (5-10 mg%); total cleavage appeared at 80 mg% enzyme concentration. Complexes of the antibody excess zone were gradually disintegrated by enzyme concentrations gradually increasing from 5 to 80 mg%, where total cleavage appeared. Single enzymes showed less cleavage activity than enzyme mixtures. Although enzymes were administered to supernatants of the Heidelberger precipitation containing soluble immune complexes as well as enzyme inhibitors, enzymatic activity was not impaired and immune complexes were disintegrated. The results of these investigations are discussed in regard to treatment with enzymes. PMID- 6606279 TI - [Clinical experiences with 5% Tolectin (tolmetin) gel in patients with degenerative joint and spine diseases and soft tissue rheumatism]. AB - The effectiveness and tolerability of Tolectin Gel 5% was evaluated in an open, multicentric study. 205 patients suffering from osteoarthrosis, spondylarthrosis, soft tissue rheumatism and post-traumatic pain were treated under conditions similar to practice. The topical preparation was administrated alone or when needed associated with Tolectin 400 mg/Capsules. Evaluation of symptoms and signs revealed no statistical difference of effectiveness between the two dosage groups. The topical preparation can be considered as effective as demonstrated by evolution of the assessed parameters under treatment. This positive result is confirmed by the opinion of the doctors and patients about the clinical evolution. The general assessment of the therapeutical efficacy and of the tolerance was confirmed by both observers. Strikingly these datas refers the osteoarthrosis and spondylarthroses patients as to those suffering from soft tissue rheumatism and posttraumatic pain. A dosis reduction of the oral other parenteral preparations is frequently possible by means of a concomitant topical treatment. In some types of soft tissue and articular rheumatism, chiefly in light cases, the local application alone can be sufficient. Tolectin Gel 5% constitutes a new possibility of therapy with local, efficient antirheumatic preparations. PMID- 6606280 TI - [Psychological coping mechanisms in open heart surgery in relation to the personality structure of the patient. The possibilities for cooperation between psychosomatic medicine and cardiology]. AB - At the very beginning of the essay we would like to give a short survey of the temporary results and questions of scientific research about psychopathological reactions after open heart surgery under extracorporeal circulation. Then the case report will show how the patient copes with the surgery 8 weeks before until about 5 weeks after. Within the case report and the following discussion, special attention will be payed to interaction between patient and doctors as well as cooperation between psychosomatic therapists and cardiologists. The essay is a contribution to the discussion of possibilities and limits of psychosomatic liaison services. PMID- 6606281 TI - [Malta fever in a brucellosis free region: analysis of a malta fever outbreak in the Gottingen area 1982]. AB - During April/Mai 1982 15 patients were affected with acute Malta fever around Goettingen an area known the be brucellosis-free until then. The source of infections were local flocks of sheep. The infections were mainly acquired when assisting at lamb birth or abortions. Between onset and diagnosis of the disease intervals up to 3 month occurred. Diagnostically crucial were blood cultures and serological tests. Therapy with tetracyclines or co-trimoxazole were effective in all cases. In patients with status febrilis and anamnestic contact with brucellosis-prone animals brucellosis should be considered, even if the local area appears to be brucellosis-free. PMID- 6606282 TI - [Principle of brain function displacement in an ascending series of vertebrates]. PMID- 6606283 TI - Intravenous infusion of vasopressin in the treatment of bleeding from severe hemorrhagic gastritis. AB - Over a 3-year period continuous intravenous infusion of moderate doses of vasopressin in 13 patients bleeding profusely from hemorrhagic gastritis, was associated with rapid control of the bleeding in 11 patients, while in 2 patients prolonged infusion was required to stop the hemorrhage. In 2 patients there was a relapse of the hemorrhage 3 and 7 days after the initial treatment, which was successfully controlled by renewed vasopressin infusion. There was no mortality and no complications of the vasopressin treatment were encountered. The results compared favourably with the experience from the preceding 3-year period where a comparable group of patients undergoing conventional medical and surgical treatment suffered a mortality of 38%. This study therefore suggests that vasopressin infusion performed continuously with moderate doses over extended periods, improves survival of patients with severe hemorrhagic gastritis through control of bleeding. PMID- 6606284 TI - Evidence for cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-target cell interaction in brains of mice infected intracerebrally with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. AB - Murine lymphocytic choriomeningitis is a T-cell-mediated pathologic immune phenomenon. The name of this experimental illness was derived from the principal histopathologic alterations of the central nervous system (CNS) of adult mice infected intracerebrally with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, i.e., lymphocytic infiltrations of plexus choroidei and meninges. The general assumption that the main event in the pathogenesis is damage to virus-infected target cells by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes is plausible but direct evidence is scarce. We have studied the ultrastructural alterations of both types of cells that are thought to participate in this immunopathologic interaction. Lymphocytes with signs of T-cell transformation were first evident on day 4 after infection. One day later, lymphoblasts, often extending uropods and containing cytoplasmic dense and compound multivesicular bodies, predominated. They were sometimes seen in intimate contact with connective tissue cells of the leptomeninx and epithelial cells of the choroid plexuses which were shown to be infected by immunofluorescence procedure. Lymphoblasts occasionally invaginated the cytoplasm of the putative target cells with cytoplasmic processes, and were even found inside the latter, exhibiting the phenomenon of emperipolesis. Lymphocytic transformation was at its maximum 6 days after infection. At this time, individual leptomeningeal cells and groups of plexus epithelial cells showed signs of cytolysis, and in a few instances these damaged cells were in close spatial association with lymphoblasts. Similar observations have been reported by others who studied the interaction between cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and their appropriate targeted cells in vitro. We interpret our findings as providing direct evidence for the assumption that one link in the chain of events leading to the cerebral form of lymphocytic choriomeningitis of the mouse is damage to virus-infected leptomeningeal and plexus cells by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. PMID- 6606285 TI - Voluntary control of the human vestibulo-ocular reflex. AB - The ability of normal subjects to increase their vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain with an imagined stationary frame of reference was dependent on their strategy and the test conditions. With large amplitude sinusoidal rotation (greater than 50 degrees) subjects could not increase their VOR gain regardless of the strategy used. With small amplitude excursions (less than 50 degrees) they could significantly increase their VOR gain if they used a 'single stripe' strategy. Accompanying this increase in VOR gain was an increase in the phase lead of VOR slow phase velocity relative to head velocity. Apparently the signal used to augment the VOR gain with an imagined stationary surround had phase characteristics similar to those of primary vestibular afferent neurons. PMID- 6606286 TI - Curare and the efferent vestibular system. An electrophysiological study in the frog. AB - In the frog we have studied the action of d-tubocurarine on the spontaneous discharge recorded from the whole horizontal semicircular canal (HC) nerve and from single HC afferent fibres. Gross activity was recorded in isolated head preparations. In each case, the spontaneous frequency was measured 6 min before and 16 min after a drop of D-tubocurarine (0.1 microliter, 5.10(-6)M) dissolved in Ringer or after a similar drop of Ringer was injected into the perilymph near the HC ampulla. Curare elicited a significant increase of the discharge frequency in about 60% of the preparations and a decrease in 6-8% of the cases, whether the contralateral eighth nerve was cut or not, while Ringer had no effect. After severing of the ipsilateral eighth nerve anterior branch, curare had no significant effect on the mean resting rate (calculated from 25 preparations), while in a few cases it evoked an increase or a decrease of the discharge frequency. Single afferent discharges were recorded in intact frogs. The mean frequency calculated from about 200 afferent fibres was 21.4 +/- 1.7 spikes/s after curare treatment, while it was only 15.6 +/- 1.3 spikes/s after Ringer injection; these two values are highly significantly different. From these results we conclude that the ampullary receptors are tonically subject to an inhibitory influence probably due to the tonic activity of the cholinergic efferent vestibular system. Moreover, the activity of the hair cells is probably also controlled by another, as yet unknown cholinergic mechanism. PMID- 6606287 TI - Malformations of vestibular organs following low dose gamma irradiation during embryonic development. AB - Pregnant mice were whole-body irradiated on the 12th, 13th and 16th gestational day with single doses of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 10 and 20 Gy, using a 60Co source. No surviving litters occurred in groups exposed to more than 2 Gy. Below this dose, irradiation can cause malformation of the cristae ampullares and the maculae. Malformations were more severe and more frequent in fetuses exposed on the 12th than on the 13th gestational day, indicating that, prior to or the earlier during morphogenesis irradiation takes place, the more vulnerable is the developing tissue. Inner ears exposed to irradiation on the 16th gestational day did not reveal severe malformations. PMID- 6606288 TI - [Which germs do we find in sinusitis and why?]. AB - The microbiologist states that 50% of acute sinusitis are caused by pneumococcus and H. influenzae. On the other hand, in chronic sinusitis, the main pathogens are anaerobes and aerobic gram negative rods and alpha streptococcus. The reason for this is not alone clearly defined by microbiology. PMID- 6606289 TI - [Vestibular compensation]. PMID- 6606290 TI - [Rehabilitation of the vertigo patient]. PMID- 6606291 TI - [Vestibular compensation: experimental data]. PMID- 6606292 TI - [Vestibular rehabilitation]. PMID- 6606293 TI - [Rehabilitation and vertigo syndromes]. PMID- 6606294 TI - [Vertigo therapy during vestibular training]. PMID- 6606295 TI - Interaction of thyrotropin (TSH) and gonadotropins in the function of genital organs I. Investigations in the frog. AB - Earlier data indicate that TSH, which has a structure similar to that of gonadotropins, is able to evoke ejaculation in the frog (Galli-Mainini reaction). The present experiments provide evidence that TSH, in a dose that by itself is ineffective, is able to potentiate the effect of HCG. This action of TSH is more pronounced if the drug is administered prior to HCG; it is less evident upon simultaneous administration. Since FSH + LH has similar effects the experiments provide further evidence for the concept that TSH acts like gonadotropin in this system. PMID- 6606296 TI - Human lectin-dependent T cell-mediated cytotoxicity against Hep-2 cells. AB - A sensitive method for human lectin-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (LDCC) is presented using HEp-2 adherent human epipharynx carcinoma cells as targets. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by detachment from the monolayer of 3H-TdR-prelabelled HEp-2 cells. Maximal LDCC was obtained in a 24 h assay with a Con A dose of 25 micrograms/ml for 50 : 1 effector-target cell ratio requiring only 2500 target cells per well. Testing of five different lymphocyte fractions: peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), monocyte-enriched adherent cells (AC), monocyte depleted non-adherent cells (non-AC), T and non-T lymphocytes as effector cells from 25 normal individuals, suggests that LDCC to HEp-2 targets is mediated by T lymphocytes. PMID- 6606297 TI - Early gastric cancer and its complications: bleeding, perforation and pyloric stenosis. AB - Some cases of early gastric cancer are accompanied with complications of the upper gastro-intestinal tract. The characteristics of these complications were investigated, and the problems of diagnosis and treatment were discussed. Out of 297 cases of early gastric cancer, 18 cases were accompanied with complications of the upper gastro-intestinal tract, including 11 cases of bleeding, a case of perforation and 6 cases of pyloric stenosis. All 18 cases were of the macroscopically depressed type, and about 85 percent of the 297 early gastric cancer cases were of the depressed type. The depressed lesions were often accompanied by ulceration which was an important factor causing the complications, and the mechanism of which appeared to be the same as that of a benign ulcer. There are some cases of early gastric cancer which are discovered by their complications, and it would be more difficult to find an early gastric cancer lesion if there were a benign lesion at the same time. Therefore, it is necessary to take much care when diagnosing and treating cases which have such complications. An endoscopic examination before the operation is especially important, and a biopsy is indispensable. PMID- 6606298 TI - Adult T-cell leukemia occurring in mother and son. AB - We report two cases of adult T-cell leukemia in which the disease developed in a mother, aged 62 years, and her son, aged 41 years, less than four months apart. Both mother and son showed abnormal karyotypes and high titers of adult T-cell leukemia-associated antibody. PMID- 6606299 TI - [Regulation of alpha-amylase biosynthesis in an Aspergillus oryzae 3000 strain based on the principle of feedback from the level of the active enzyme]. PMID- 6606300 TI - Epidemiology of Guillain-Barre syndrome in Campania (south Italy). Preliminary results. PMID- 6606301 TI - Interleukins in experimental autoimmune disease. AB - New mouse models of SLE have been developed recently including strains bearing the lpr gene. The presence of this gene results in antibodies to nucleoproteins and DNA, immune complex glomerulonephritis, and proliferation of Lyt 1+23- T cells. A defect in Interleukin-2 (IL-2) production is a common abnormality in these autoimmune mice. We have utilized an antigen presentation system to study T cell proliferation in MRL/lpr, C57B16/lpr and C3H/He/lpr mice and their normal congenic counterparts. The normal mice proliferate well whereas there is little proliferation in the lpr variants. Mixing experiments demonstrate that the defect resides with the lpr responding T cells and not with the lpr macrophages. This abnormality could be due to defective IL-2 production by Lyt 1+23- T cells. PMID- 6606302 TI - Preclinical evaluation of lentinan in animal models. AB - Lentinan exerts prominent antitumor effects in allogeneic, syngeneic and autochthonous hosts and prevents chemical and viral carcinogenesis, and increases host-resistance to bacterial, viral and parasitic infections. Lentinan augments helper T cell mediated cytotoxic T cell activity, NK cell activity and humoral immune responses, and activates nonspecific cytotoxicity of macrophages in vivo. Lentinan is a representative of a unique class of T cell adjuvants, and has no toxicity. Therefore, lentinan is suitable for clinical application for cancer patients from the results in its preclinical animal model experiments. PMID- 6606303 TI - Immunomodulation by small molecular weight bacterial products. AB - Microbial products are known immunomodulators. Endotoxins derived from gram negative bacteria both enhance and suppress a wide variety of immune responses in vivo and in vitro, depending upon dose, concentration, form, and time of exposure. Studies in this laboratory have shown that a small molecular weight polysaccharide derivative from endotoxin has strong immunomodulatory effects, both in vivo and in vitro, similar to intact LPS. Injection of PS into mice or addition to normal mouse spleen cell cultures results in enhanced responses similar to that observed with LPS as well as with lipoteichoic acid derived from gram positive bacteria. The immunomodulatory activity, both in vivo and in vitro, was related to development of soluble serum factors, most likely interleukins. Similar soluble mediators were observed in vivo since post endotoxin or post LTA serum, when added in small quantities to normal mouse spleen cell cultures, mediated enhanced antibody responses. Normal spleen cell cultures exposed to these materials also released soluble mediators into the supernatants which enhanced the antibody response of normal spleen cell cultures. These observations support the view that similar to larger molecular weight cell wall components, small molecular weight substances such as polysaccharide derivatives, despite lack of toxicity share related mechanisms of enhancing immune responses. PMID- 6606304 TI - Immunological studies of male homosexuals with the prodrome of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). AB - Homosexual patients who mainly had the prodrome of the syndrome of opportunistic infection and Kaposi's sarcoma were studied immunologically. Patients showed diminished delayed hypersensitivity to recall antigens, diminished lymphocyte blastogenic responses, a suppressor cell for lymphocyte proliferative responses, low helper cells and an inverted helper:suppressor ratio. The patients had low levels of adherent monocytes. NK cell activity and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity were normal. Virtually all patients showed elevated serum thymosin alpha 1 levels and elevated serum lysozyme levels. The most consistent findings were the low helper cells, inverted helper:suppressor ratio and elevated serum thymosin alpha 1 and lysozyme. The patients with the prodrome should be subjected to therapeutic research with immunorestorative drugs. PMID- 6606305 TI - A longitudinal study of a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome using T cell subset analysis. AB - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has recently been documented in patients in association with opportunistic infections, Kaposi's sarcoma, cytomegalovirus infections, and recreational drug use. AIDS is characterized by cutaneous energy, diminished peripheral lymphocyte responses to mitogens and antigens, and abnormal T cell subpopulations. These patients have been described as having decreased total T (T3+) cell numbers, virtual elimination of the T helper (T4+) cell population, and an increased percentage of the T suppressor cytotoxic (T8+) cell population. T cell subset monitoring has not been performed during the course of this disorder. A four month longitudinal study of the T cell subsets of a 30 year old bisexual male with AIDS revealed changes in his T cell subpopulations and in his ability to respond in a one way mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). The results indicated that the patient's previously abnormal T cell subpopulations returned to near normal values during a period of spontaneous clinical improvement. The patient's MLC response also returned to normal in association with the return of the T helper cell population. The patient's T cell subpopulation and MLC response subsequently became abnormal and remained abnormal until the patient died. Thus, it appears that T cell subpopulations may spontaneously improve during the course of this disorder. T cell subset analysis may offer a means of monitoring the clinical course of this disorder as well as the response to therapeutic agents. PMID- 6606306 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of the female pelvis: initial experience. AB - The potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was evaluated in 21 female subjects: seven volunteers, 12 patients scanned for reasons unrelated to the lower genitourinary tract, and two patients referred with gynecologic disease. The uterus at several stages was examined: the premenarcheal uterus (one patient), the uterus of reproductive age (12 patients), the postmenopausal uterus (two patients), and in an 8 week pregnancy (one patient). The myometrium and cyclic endometrium in the reproductive age are separated by a low-intensity line (probably stratum basale), which allows recognition of changes in thickness of the cyclic endometrium during the menstrual cycle. The corpus uteri can be distinguished from the cervix by the transitional zone of the isthmus. The anatomic relation of the uterus to bladder and rectum is easily outlined. The vagina can be distinguished from the cervix, and the anatomic display of the closely apposed bladder, vagina, and rectum is clear on axial and coronal images. The ovary is identified; the signal intensity from the ovary depends on the acquisition parameter used. Uterine leiomyoma, endometriosis, and dermoid cyst were depicted, but further experience is needed to ascertain the specificity of the findings. PMID- 6606307 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine: technical and clinical observations. AB - Seventy-two patients were examined to determine the clinical potential for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine. MRI using different pulse sequences was compared with plain radiography, high-resolution computed tomography, and myelography. There were 35 normal patients; pathologic conditions studied included canal stenosis, herniated disk, metastatic tumor, neurofibroma, trauma, Chiari malformation, syringomyelia, arteriovenous malformation, and rheumatoid arthritis. MRI provided sharply defined anatomic delineation and tissue characterization. It was diagnostic in syringomyelia and Chiari malformation and was useful in the evaluation of trauma and spinal canal block from any cause. MRI was sensitive to degenerative disk disease and infection. The spin-echo technique, with three pulse sequence variations, seems very promising. A short echo time (TE) produces the best signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution. Lengthening the TE enhances differentiation of various tissues by their signal intensity, while the combined increase of TE and recovery time (TR) produces selective enhancement of the cerebrospinal fluid signal intensity. PMID- 6606308 TI - NMR imaging of the spine. AB - The usefulness of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) images in the evaluation of spinal disorders below the craniocervical junction was studied. Six normal subjects and 41 patients with various spinal abnormalities were examined. NMR proved capable of demonstrating important normal and pathologic anatomic structures; it was useful in the evaluation of syringohydromyelia and cystic spinal cord tumors, and the bright signal intensity of lipoma was quite impressive. In the evaluation of herniated disk, NMR images offered a new perspective by visualizing abnormal degradation of the signal intensity of the nucleus pulposus itself. NMR images were least valuable in the evaluation of spondylosis and spinal stenosis. Although NMR imaging of the spine is still in a very early developmental stage, the absence of both ionizing radiation and risks associated with contrast material makes it especially attractive as a new diagnostic method. This limited experience with currently available equipment suggests that, with technical refinement, the efficacy of NMR of the spine will increase. PMID- 6606309 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal cord and canal: potentials and limitations. AB - Preliminary experience with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spinal cord and canal in 17 patients indicates considerable promise in the diagnosis of neoplastic, degenerative, and congenital lesions. The ability to image the cord directly rather than indirectly as in myelography, the absence of bone artifact as in computed tomography, and the multiplanar capabilities indicate that MRI will be the procedure of choice in the examination of the spinal cord. Current limitations include partial-volume effects due to slice thickness and the inability to perform contiguous sections when using multiplanar techniques. The relative increase in signal from cerebrospinal fluid with long TR and TE sequences in spin-echo imaging may result in less sensitivity than in the brain for detection of cord edema and/or infarction. PMID- 6606310 TI - Recognition of lumbar disk herniation with NMR. AB - Fifteen nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies of 14 patients with herniated lumbar intervertebral disks were performed on the UCSF NMR imager. Computed tomographic (CT) scans done on a GE CT/T 8800 or comparable scanner were available at the time of NMR scan interpretation. Of the 16 posterior disk ruptures seen at CT, 12 were recognized on NMR. Diminished nucleus pulposus signal intensity was present in all ruptured disks. In one patient, NMR scans before and after chymopapain injection showed retraction of the protruding part of the disk and loss of signal intensity after chemonucleolysis. Postoperative fibrosis demonstrated by CT in one patient and at surgery in another showed intermediate to high signal intensity on NMR, easily distinguishing it from nearby thecal sac and disk. While CT remains the method of choice for evaluation of the patient with suspected lumbar disk rupture, the results of this study suggest that NMR may play a role in evaluating this common clinical problem. PMID- 6606311 TI - NMR imaging of the chest at 0.12 T: initial clinical experience with a resistive magnet. AB - The chests of 40 subjects were imaged with an experimental nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imager operating at a magnetic field of 0.12 T. There were six normal volunteers and 34 patients with abnormalities affecting different areas, including the chest wall, pleura, hila, mediastinum, and lung parenchyma, and including benign and malignant processes. In this initial clinical experience, NMR imaging provided useful information on the presence and extent of disease by its ability to distinguish different tissues and by the excellent demonstration of vascular structures. PMID- 6606312 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the mediastinum and hili: early impressions of its efficacy. AB - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) scans of the mediastinum and/or hili were obtained in 22 of 25 patients selected on the basis of an abnormal CT scan. All patients had proven disease; 19 malignant and four benign processes were studied successfully. The high contrast resolution of NMR in the mediastinum allowed clear definition of disease in all cases. In six, NMR showed a greater extent of disease than CT. The ability of NMR to perform sagittal and coronal images also aided in disease analysis. In this preliminary study, NMR proved to be as useful as CT, or more so, in the evaluation of malignant disease of the hili and mediastinum. PMID- 6606313 TI - NMR imaging of the abdomen: technical considerations. AB - Evaluation of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging of the abdomen was done in 41 patients with focal and diffuse disorders of the liver and retroperitoneal and vascular abnormalities. Spin-echo technique was used in each situation with varying time to echo (TE) and repetition rates (TR). No single pulsing technique was optimal in all situations. Three false-negative NMR studies of 22 patients with focal lesions of the liver were attributed to incomplete coverage of the involved area or inappropriate pulsing technique. When appropriate technique was achieved, NMR was equal to computed tomography (CT) in detecting abdominal disorders, except in fatty infiltration of the liver. NMR was superior to CT in imaging vascular anatomy because of the inherent increased contrast produced by the absence of signal from flowing blood and the flexibility of imaging planes. PMID- 6606314 TI - NMR imaging of the abdomen at 0.12 T: initial clinical experience with a resistive magnet. AB - Forty-five patients with a variety of abdominal abnormalities and five normal volunteers were imaged on a 0.12 T resistive nuclear magnetic resonance system. Scans were obtained with saturation-recovery technique and short repetition times. The images reflected both proton density and T1 information. A variety of neoplastic and nonneoplastic disease processes involving the abdomen were imaged. Results suggest that clinically useful images clearly may be obtained at 0.12 T. In addition, saturation-recovery imaging with short repetition rates can detect a wide range of abdominal abnormalities. PMID- 6606315 TI - Cerebral NMR imaging: early results with a 0.12 T resistive system. AB - Over a 6-month period, 157 patients, 89 of whom had central nervous system tumors, were examined on a prototype 0.12 T resistive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging unit. All of the patients had computed tomography (CT), which was used as a standard to which the NMR findings were compared. Studies were done primarily by saturation-recovery technique with short repetition times. The signal intensity with saturation-recovery technique did not allow differentiation among most tumor types. Location, extent, and morphology helped to some extent in attempts at differentiation. In the multiplanar mode, NMR compared favorably to CT with regard to lesion detection. Limited early experience suggests that NMR also may detect some lesions when the CT is negative and may detect additional lesions when one or more are present. The NMR examination was well tolerated by selected patients. PMID- 6606316 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging: contrast-to-noise ratio as a function of strength of magnetic field. AB - The choice of the strength of the magnetic field for an imaging system based on the nuclear magnetic resonance of hydrogen is considered. It is shown by an analysis based on in vitro data that the quality, or contrast-to-noise ratio, of images based on T1 or T2 discrimination increases with field up to 1.5-2 T. After a brief discussion of potential high-field limitations, results are presented which show that images of the human head with excellent anatomic detail can be produced at 1.5 T or 64 MHz. PMID- 6606317 TI - Multiple NMR T2 relaxation values in human liver tissue. AB - Twenty-one human hepatic liver biopsy samples were evaluated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This spectroscopy was performed by obtaining multiple and not single T2 values (T2-long and T2-short). Neoplastic tissue had greater T2 long and T2-short values than diffuse liver disease. The T2-short correlated, r = 0.947 (p less than 0.01), with the percentage of cancer cellularity within the tissue specimens. There was no correlation between the multiple T2 values and the degree of fibrosis and inflammation. Minimal correlation was noted between the T2 long and percentage of fat within the diffuse disease (cirrhotic) specimens, r = 0.636 (p less than 0.05). The possible reasons for the above findings are discussed. PMID- 6606318 TI - Paramagnetic agents for contrast-enhanced NMR imaging: a review. AB - The use of paramagnetic agents for contrast enhancement may extend the diagnostic potential of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging. Proton relaxation is enhanced in targeted organ systems after either oral or intravenous administration of suitable paramagnetic agents. A decrease in T1 and T2, the spin lattice and spin-spin relaxation times, can then be observed as an increase in signal intensity on NMR imaging. Initial investigations have focused on development of agents incorporating either paramagnetic ions or stable free radicals. Principles in development and application are illustrated with examples from experiments using the Vanderbilt Technicare 0.5 T NMR imager. PMID- 6606319 TI - The dural lucent line: characteristic sign of hyperostosing meningioma en plaque. AB - Hyperostosis of the skull associated with en plaque form of meningioma may present a diagnostic challenge, since the intracranial part of the tumor is not visualized by skull radiography, computed tomography (CT), or other neuroradiologic methods. The authors report four cases of hyperostosing meningioma en plaque demonstrating a characteristic feature: a subdural layer of ossification along the hyperostotic bone with a dural lucent interface. Polytomography or high-resolution CT at bone window settings is necessary to identify the dural lucent line. The absence of this sign does not exclude meningioma en plaque. PMID- 6606320 TI - Computed tomography of ocular colobomas. AB - Typical ocular colobomas and associated orbital cysts are relatively common malformations that result from a defect in the fusion of the fetal optic fissure. Three cases studied with computed tomography (CT) are reported, and the spectrum of ocular colobomas, their associated findings, and CT differential diagnosis are reviewed. This experience indicates that the location and extent of colobomas can be determined with high-resolution CT. PMID- 6606321 TI - Early CT findings of global central nervous system hypoperfusion. AB - The early computed tomographic (CT) findings of acute global central nervous system hypoperfusion were studied in 10 patients. The findings could be characterized as: (1) diffuse mass effect with effacement of the cerebral sulci and of the brainstem cisterns (nine patients); (2) global decrease in the cortical gray-matter density from edema, causing loss of the normal gray-white matter differentiation (six patients); (3) low-density lesions of the basal ganglia bilaterally (five patients); and (4) decreased gray-matter density in watershed distributions bilaterally (two patients). Subsequent contrast-enhanced scans in three of the 10 patients demonstrated selective enhancement of the cerebral cortex or the basal ganglia or both. The CT findings seen in this study predicted a poor outcome; nine of the 10 patients died from the insult. The abnormal CT findings can be ascribed to increased vulnerability of the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia to hypotensive episodes. This vulnerability is due to the large metabolic demand of these regions and their characteristic local cerebral blood flow. PMID- 6606322 TI - Erosion and enlargement of the sella turcica: uncommon signs of pulmonary emphysema. PMID- 6606323 TI - Dermoid cyst of the floor of the mouth: CT appearance. PMID- 6606324 TI - Conventional tomographic hilar anatomy emphasizing the pulmonary veins. AB - The pulmonary hili are a frequent site of interpretive uncertainty because of their complex anatomy. The right hilar shadow relates primarily to the ascending and descending pulmonary arteries and the right superior pulmonary vein, whereas the left hilar density accrues from the left pulmonary artery, left descending pulmonary artery, and left superior pulmonary vein. The right and left superior pulmonary veins are intimately associated with and inseparable from the arteries. Knowledge of the course of these veins facilitates their identification on conventional tomograms. The right and left inferior pulmonary veins lie behind the lower hili and contribute only a small increment to the normal hilar density; the horizontal course of these vessels readily distinguishes them from the vertically oriented lower lobe arteries. Prominence of both the right and left superior and inferior veins may cause hilar pseudotumors. Conventional tomograms are most helpful in understanding plain radiographs. A multiview approach in anteroposterior, 55 degrees posterior oblique, and lateral projections is recommended for a complete assessment. Computed tomography in transaxial sections adds further understanding of spatial relations in the hili, including the contributions of the pulmonary veins. PMID- 6606325 TI - Radiographic signs of acute traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta. AB - The initial chest radiographs of 54 trauma patients who were referred for angiography of the thoracic aorta were reviewed. Retrospective evaluation used eight radiographic signs that have been described in possible aortic injury. This review was undertaken to establish the occurrence and validity of these signs in the diagnosis of aortic tear. Results indicated that loss of the aortic arch contour and mediastinal widening were the most reliable signs of disruption of the aorta. In patients with at least one of these two signs, there was a high percentage of positive angiograms. PMID- 6606326 TI - Nonoperative diagnosis of intrathoracic splenosis. PMID- 6606327 TI - The fluoroscopic barium enema in colonic polyp detection. AB - The results of 1,500 barium enema studies done by vigorous manual palpation under fluoroscopy were reviewed to determine the adequacy of this technique in detecting polyps above the proctoscopic level. Of the 1,500 patients examined, 103 (7%) were diagnosed radiographically as having a total of 149 polyps. Polyps were found at proctoscopy in about 10% of the 1,500 patients. Colonoscopy or surgery was performed on 35 of the 103 patients. Of the 52 polyps discovered during these procedures, only three were missed at fluoroscopic barium enema study, a false-negative rate of 6%. Fourteen patients whose barium enemas initially were reported as negative for polyps or neoplasia had colonoscopy. Two of the 14 patients had positive findings, for a true-negative rate of 86%. If the detection rate of 7% found at barium enema, taking into account an overlap of 10%, is combined with the rate of 7.5% found at proctoscopy, a frequency of about 14% emerges in detecting polyps in the rectum and in the colon. Thus, the fluoroscopic barium enema when combined with proctoscopy is a sensitive method in the detection of colorectal polyps. In addition, it has the advantage of rapid execution and relatively low cost. PMID- 6606328 TI - Esophageal involvement in epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica. AB - The clinical and radiographic findings in four cases of epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica of the esophagus are presented. The patients were 5-67 years old. All had typical skin lesions and dysphagia. The most impressive radiographic finding was bulla formation in virtually any part of the esophagus. The bullae would resolve or ulcerate. Scar formation with resultant stricture of the esophagus was a common sequela of this disease. PMID- 6606329 TI - Medial indentation of the duodenal sweep by a dilated inferior vena cava. PMID- 6606330 TI - Monilial enteritis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. PMID- 6606331 TI - Cholangiographic evaluation of bile duct carcinoma. AB - Cholangiograms and clinical histories of 82 patients with biopsy-proved bile duct carcinoma were reviewed. The carcinomas were classified according to morphologic type and anatomic location, and these were correlated with surgical and pathologic findings and clinical outcome. Ulcerative colitis and antecedent inflammatory disease of the biliary tree, particularly primary sclerosing cholangitis, seem to predispose to the development of bile duct carcinoma. Focal stenotic lesions were the most common morphologic type (62/82). Polypoid carcinomas and diffuse sclerosing carcinomas were less common and of about equal frequency. Prognosis was best for patients with polypoid carcinomas and worst for those with diffuse sclerosing carcinomas. In 69 cases (84%), the tumors involved the intrahepatic or proximal extrahepatic ducts, making curative resection difficult or impossible. Patients with carcinomas limited to the more distal extrahepatic bile ducts had a longer average survival and a higher probability of surgical cure. Proper management of patients with bile duct carcinoma requires a complete and accurate cholangiographic evaluation of the morphology, location, and extent of the disease. PMID- 6606332 TI - Angiographic assessment of renal artery pathology: how reliable? AB - The accuracy of the angiographic interpretation of the histologic type of renal artery stenosis was assessed using a renal pathologist's diagnosis as the "gold standard." The angiograms of 42 renal artery stenoses were interpreted without other information, except age and gender, independently by six angiographers. This assessment indicated that angiography is not an accurate means by which to distinguish between the individual types of fibromuscular disease of the renal artery. However, it is a fairly accurate means by which to distinguish fibromuscular disease in general from atherosclerosis of the renal artery, 207 (82%) correct interpretations of 252. In addition, in the presence of renal artery stenosis, the absence of abdominal aortic atherosclerosis on angiography is an excellent predictor of fibromuscular renal artery disease, 17 (94%) of 18 specimens. Likewise, in the presence of a renal artery stenosis, angiographically demonstrable abdominal aortic atherosclerosis is a fair predictor of atherosclerotic renal artery disease, 16 (76%) of 21 specimens. PMID- 6606333 TI - Isolated total occlusion of the left main coronary artery. PMID- 6606334 TI - Closed-system venography in the evaluation of angiodysplastic lesions of the extremities. AB - Closed-system venography is a minimally invasive, well tolerated method for diagnosing and delineating extremity angiodysplastic lesions. This method involves passive filling of the vascular tree after compressive exsanguination of an extremity and extrinsic occlusion of its arterial supply and venous drainage, thereby creating a static, closed system. Closed-system venography was done in 17 patients, where it correctly identified 11 of 12 surgically confirmed vascular abnormalities. There were no false-positive examinations. Whereas ateriography remains the examination of choice in studying arteriovenous malformations, closed system venography has demonstrated a superior ability to diagnose and define lesions of capillary and venous origin. PMID- 6606335 TI - Low-dose streptokinase for occluded Hickman catheters. AB - In 14 patients, 16 episodes of occluded Hickman catheters were evaluated by contrast venography. In 13 instances, a fibrin sheath occluding the distal catheter was observed. A mechanical problem was responsible for occlusion in three catheters. Low-dose streptokinase effectively restored lumen patency in 12 catheters (92%) occluded by a fibrin sheath. PMID- 6606336 TI - Sonographic features of hepatocellular disease in neonates and infants. AB - The sonograms of 12 neonates and infants with documented nonneoplastic parenchymal liver diseases, including cytomegalovirus infection, biliary atresia, alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, nesidioblastosis, Alagille association, microabscesses, and idiopathic neonatal jaundice, were analyzed by various sonographic criteria. Nine (75%) of the hepatic sonograms were abnormal; however, most showed only one sonographic abnormality. Although it was not possible to distinguish one condition from another sonographically, focal areas of heterogeneity simulating mass lesions and accentuated periportal brightness were the most notable abnormal features. The prime indication for hepatic sonography in this age group continues to be the differentiation of obstructive from nonobstructive jaundice. Nonetheless, when obstruction has been excluded, sonography may demonstrate the presence of hepatic parenchymal disease and provide a noninvasive means for following its course over time. PMID- 6606337 TI - Caudothalamic groove: value in identification of germinal matrix hemorrhage by sonography in preterm neonates. AB - A prospective study of 25 consecutive premature infants under 1,500 g was undertaken to evaluate the frequency and sonographic appearance of subependymal germinal matrix hemorrhage. In all 12 sonographically positive cases, the hemorrhage was initially imaged in the area immediately anterior to the caudothalamic groove. Special attention to this area permits early detection of germinal matrix hemorrhage, and neurosonography of neonates should be considered incomplete unless this area has been thoroughly imaged. PMID- 6606338 TI - Sonographic recognition of multiple cystic encephalomalacia. AB - Multiple cysts in both hemispheres were detected in four children under 1 year of age by real-time sonographic sector scanning. These cysts, typical of multiple cystic encephalomalacia, followed viral encephalitis in two, bacterial meningitis in one, and bacterial meningitis superimposed on intracerebral hemorrhage in one. The diagnosis of multiple cystic encephalomalacia, which has a grave prognosis, is readily made with high-resolution real-time sonography. PMID- 6606339 TI - Bilateral palmar flexion instability: a complication of wheelchair use. PMID- 6606340 TI - Digital radiographic localization for CT scanning of the larynx. PMID- 6606342 TI - Simple technique for photographic reproduction of radiographs. PMID- 6606341 TI - Simple traction-immobilization device for CT scanners. PMID- 6606343 TI - The impact of new imaging technology on health care, research, and teaching: 1. Current status. PMID- 6606345 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance terminology. PMID- 6606344 TI - Standard nomenclature for NMR. PMID- 6606346 TI - Fissure line in children. PMID- 6606347 TI - Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers: Abstracts from application of optical instrumentation in medicine. XI conference. PMID- 6606348 TI - Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity (LMC) in patients with vascular disease and guinea pigs immunized with human vascular extracts. AB - Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity (LMC) were studied in vitro in patients with myocardial infarction, peripheral arterial disease or thrombophlebitis. LMC was also investigated in guinea pigs immunized with human vascular extracts. 51-Chromium-labelled chicken erythrocytes were used as target cells. In LMC tests human aortic or venous extracts were coated on the surface of sensitized erythrocytes. Cytotoxicity of separated lymphocyte populations was expressed by cytotoxic capacity. ADCC was decreased and LMC was increased both in patients and in immunized animals compared with controls. T-cells induced the largest cytotoxic effect. O (null) cells also had cytotoxic capacity against vascular antigen coated targets in patients and in immunized animals. Cytolytic T-lymphocytes are thought to be responsible for cytotoxicity both of T- and O-cells. The LMC test seems to be useful for in vitro detection of cellular sensitization against vascular or other specific antigens. PMID- 6606349 TI - Coronary artery bypass grafting. Early and late results in an Alabama community hospital. PMID- 6606350 TI - Bias in the registration of historical cohorts. PMID- 6606351 TI - Transient central diabetes insipidus after aortocoronary bypass operations. AB - Three cases of transient central diabetes insipidus after cardiopulmonary bypass are presented. All 3 patients responded promptly to administration of vasopressin, and were completely recovered from polyuria 10 days after cardiac surgery. It is postulated that transient diabetes insipidus after cardiac operation occurred in some patients who had preexisting selective osmoreceptor dysfunction when cardiac standstill during extracorporeal circulation alters the left atrial nonosmotic receptor function, resulting in suppression of antidiuretic hormone release. PMID- 6606352 TI - Iodine-123 phenylpentadecanoic acid: detection of acute myocardial infarction and injury in dogs using an iodinated fatty acid and single-photon emission tomography. AB - The ability of an iodinated fatty acid, iodine-123 phenylpentadecanoic acid (1 123 PPA), and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to detect myocardium injured by temporary or permanent coronary arterial occlusion was evaluated. In 5 control dogs, 11 dogs that underwent 90 to 120 minutes of fixed left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion, and 8 dogs that underwent 90 minutes of temporary LAD occlusion and up to 90 minutes of reflow, 2 to 6 mCi of I-123 PPA were injected and the dogs were imaged with SPECT. Control dogs showed relatively uniform uptake and clearance of I-123 PPA in similar left ventricular (LV) regions. Dogs with permanent LAD occlusion were identified by computer algorithm as having regions of decreased I-123 PPA uptake in the infarct related area and a reduced rate of I-123 PPA clearance (-9.4% in infarct sectors [washin], +3.7% in sectors adjacent to the area of infarction, and +15.4% in control LV sectors [p less than 0.01]). Dogs with temporary LAD occlusion and reperfusion had decreased clearance of I-123 PPA from the regions with infarction; I-123 PPA clearance was -5.2 +/- 16.4% in infarct sectors, 12.7 +/- 7.4% in periinfarct zones, and 30.4 +/- 12% in control LV regions. These data demonstrate that tomographic analysis of I-123 PPA uptake and clearance permits the relatively noninvasive detection of LV myocardium injured by permanent or temporary LAD occlusion and reperfusion. PMID- 6606353 TI - Noninvasive quantification of jeopardized myocardial mass in dogs using 2 dimensional echocardiography and thallium-201 tomography. AB - The evaluation of jeopardized myocardial mass is important in defining the effect of interventions during myocardial infarction. To quantitate the in vivo mass at risk, 2-dimensional echocardiography (2-D echo) and thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was performed in 10 closed-chest dogs after circumflex coronary artery occlusion. The 2-D images were manually digitized to compute left ventricular (LV) mass using a modified Simpson's rule algorithm. This measure of LV mass correlated well with the actual LV mass (r = 0.97). Perfused myocardial mass was estimated from thallium SPECT images 4 hours after occlusion using a region-growing algorithm. After the dogs were killed, the jeopardized mass was outlined using a dual perfusion staining technique using triphenyltetrazolium chloride and Evans blue dye. The actual perfused mass was well estimated by the thallium images (r = 0.96). The noninvasively determined mass at risk was calculated as: 2-D mass--thallium SPECT mass, and correlated well with the pathologically determined mass at risk (r = 0.91). Thus, the jeopardized mass may be determined noninvasively by using 2-D echo and thallium 201 tomography. This approach may provide further information regarding the effect of intervention therapy on jeopardized myocardium. PMID- 6606354 TI - Radionuclide diagnosis of left atrial myxoma with computer-generated functional images. PMID- 6606355 TI - Pancreolauryl test for pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. AB - Pancreolauryl test (PLT), a tubeless pancreatic function test, was performed in 40 consecutive patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis, in 21 patients with miscellaneous digestive diseases, and in 18 control subjects to assess its diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid test (PABA test) and secretin-cerulein test were also carried out to compare the diagnostic value of PLT with that of these two pancreatic function tests. PLT was abnormal in 22 of 40 patients with chronic pancreatitis (55%). In particular, pathological results were found in all patients with severe pancreatic insufficiency and only in four of 14 patients with mild to moderate insufficiency. PABA test showed a slightly lower sensitivity in severe insufficiency, and the same sensitivity in mild-moderate insufficiency. PLT was normal in all control subjects and in 17 of 21 patients with nonpancreatic digestive diseases. Its specificity (90%) was slightly higher than that of PABA test (82%). The results indicate that PLT may be used to support a diagnosis of severe pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, while in mild or moderate insufficiency its diagnostic value is limited. PMID- 6606356 TI - Acquired angiodysplasia. PMID- 6606357 TI - Immunoregulatory abnormalities in Evans syndrome. AB - Immune function in six patients with Evans syndrome (Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenia) was compared to that in seven with chronic ITP. The two groups differed in measurements of T-cell subsets and immunoglobulin production. Evans syndrome patients had decreased T4 (T-helper) (P = 0.025), increased T8 (T-suppressor) (P = 0.008), and a decreased ratio of T4:T8 cells (P = 0.0009) when compared to controls. Results in chronic ITP patients were similar to those in controls. Serum IgG, IgM, and IgA levels and in vitro synthesis of IgG and/or IgM were decreased in most Evans syndrome patients. Diminished in vivo and in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis in Evans syndrome is consistent with the decreased T4:T8 ratio in these patients. The altered T4:T8 ratio may represent an unsuccessful response to an autoimmune process in which the trigger is unknown. PMID- 6606358 TI - Asbestosis and tuberculosis. AB - The frequent association between silicosis and tuberculosis has been known for a long time. However, the possible interrelationship between asbestosis and tuberculosis is not entirely clear, and some reports on the subject are contradictory. The incidence of tuberculosis was determined in three groups of people: 1) those with asbestosis, 2) those exposed to asbestos dust but without asbestosis, and 3) healthy people without pneumoconiotic exposure. Chest X-rays of 2,846 workers surveyed in this department between 1976 and 1980 were reviewed. Since only one case of active tuberculosis was detected, residual tuberculosis was the type encountered and this was diagnosed solely on its radiological signs. The incidence of tuberculosis was: 3.87% (N = 257) for group 1; 3.45% (N = 1,215) in group 2; and 3.93% (N = 1,374) for group 3. Statistical analysis confirms the lack of significant differences in the incidence of tuberculosis in the three groups. From these findings, it is concluded that asbestosis is not an influential factor in the appearance and development of tuberculosis. PMID- 6606359 TI - Antipyretic analgesic therapy. Current worldwide status. PMID- 6606360 TI - Antipyretic analgesic drugs as models for studies of drug disposition in old age. AB - Alterations in drug metabolizing capacity associated with the aging process can be elucidated using analgesic-antipyretic agents as model compounds. Antipyrine serves to profile drug oxidizing capacity. Drug oxidation is significantly impaired in old age, but age-related changes are far greater in men than in women. Acetaminophen analogously serves to profile conjugating capacity, which is minimally influenced by age both in men and in women. Changes in the capacity to biotransform these model compounds are reasonably well predictive of parallel changes in the same person's ability to metabolize other drugs transformed by the same pathway. PMID- 6606361 TI - Prostaglandins and the mode of action of antipyretic analgesic drugs. AB - Antipyretic analgesics account for more than 95 percent of the analgesic market. The most important agents of this group--salicylates, aniline derivatives such as acetaminophen, and nonacidic pyrazolones--have been used for almost 100 years. Nevertheless, their therapeutic mechanisms and the molecular causes of the most important side effects remain unclear. Several common theories are discussed and challenged. PMID- 6606362 TI - Pharmacokinetic considerations of common analgesics and antipyretics. AB - Knowledge of pharmacokinetics (action of organisms on drugs) and pharmacodynamics (drug action on living organisms) allows for the proper assessment of the most suitable dose, dosing intervals, route of administration, as well as dose adjustment when clinically indicated. The basic physical scientific principles of the movement of drug particles across biologic barriers, their subsequent conversion to other chemical forms, and their elimination are reviewed in general terms. The specific metabolic pathways for aspirin and paracetamol (acetaminophen) are then discussed in more detail. Elimination of salicylate involves two saturable (nonlinear) major pathways and three apparently first order (linear) minor pathways; these mixed order kinetics lead to somewhat complex mathematics affecting elimination half-life which, in turn, can have implications for anticipating side effects and toxicity. The kinetics of acetaminophen also involve various pathways, but studies have shown a good correlation between the expected and the observed elimination half-life of this drug. Comparison is made between the in vivo handling of the two analgesics, but it is stressed that these data apply only to healthy adults under normal conditions and cannot be extrapolated to patients with underlying disease processes. PMID- 6606364 TI - Klippel-Feil syndrome and associated ear deformities. AB - The Klippel-Feil syndrome is characterized by a short, thick neck with restricted head mobility and a low occipital hairline. The head appears to rest directly on the thorax and the trapezius muscles flare out on either side of the neck, producing a pterygium-like effect. Cervical roentgenograms demonstrate fusion of some or even all of the vertebral bodies into bony blocks. Ear deformities occur in approximately one-third of the Klippel-Feil patient population. We report five cases of Klippel-Feil syndrome and describe their otologic and roentgenographic features. Although no single characteristic otologic or audiologic problem is identified, a proclivity for major malformations of involved ears is demonstrated. Early audiometric and otologic evaluation is indicated when the diagnosis of Klippel-Feil syndrome is made. PMID- 6606363 TI - Antipyretic analgesics and the allergic patient. AB - Recent studies of idiosyncratic reactions to analgesics have revealed several clinical patterns with different pathogeneses. In the common type of asthma precipitated by aspirin, inhibition of cyclooxygenase leads to disturbances in the metabolism of arachidonic acid. Drugs that precipitate possibly life threatening bronchoconstriction and are absolutely contraindicated in patients with aspirin-induced asthma include indomethacin, mefenamic acid, flufenamic and meclofenamic acids, ibuprofen, fenoprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, amidopyrine, noramidopyrine, phenylbutazone, flumizole, and ditazol. If necessary, patients with aspirin-induced asthma can safely take, even on a long term basis, salicylamide, dextropropoxyphene, benzydamine, guaiacolic ester of salicylic acid, and chloroquine. In some patients with urticaria/angioedema, symptoms are due to inhibition of cyclooxygenase by analgesics; in others, the cause may be impurities in commercial preparations of aspirin; and in still others, the mechanisms remain unknown. PMID- 6606365 TI - Diminished capping of lymphocytes from pregnant women. AB - The capping of lymphocytes from normal pregnant women is diminished. Decreased capping is observed for both anti-Ig and for Con A receptors. The altered capping response appears between the tenth and the twelfth week of pregnancy. The diminution in capping persists until about 2 weeks after delivery. The possible association between the decreased capping response and the altered immune responses known to occur during pregnancy is discussed. The factors underlying the altered capping response in pregnancy may be related to the factors responsible for the parallel phenomenon in pathological conditions. PMID- 6606366 TI - Murine malaria: cellular interactions in the immune response. AB - The cellular and humoral interactions that contribute to protective immunity in Plasmodium yoelii malaria were studied by adoptive transfer of selective cell populations or hyperimmune serum into sublethally irradiated syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. For some experiments pools of mononuclear spleen cells were depleted of T or B lymphocytes and cells that take up silica were inactivated by standard procedures. Unfractionated immune spleen cells, but not nonimmune spleen cells, protected recipients from lethal P. yoelii challenge. Analysis of the protective capacity of subpopulations of immune spleen cells showed that levels of immunity similar to those seen after transfer of unfractionated immune cells were present only in those instances where immune macrophages, i.e., cells not previously inactivated with silica, were transferred concomitantly with either immune T (supplemented with nonimmune B) or immune B (supplemented with nonimmune T) cells. The requirement for immune macrophages could not be met by transferring mononuclear cells from a nonimmune donor. The results support the hypothesis that an immune 5,000 R-radioresistant, silica-inactivated, non-T, non-B cell, probably a macrophage, must act in concert with immune T and B lymphocytes in the optimal expression of transferred immunity to P. yoelii. PMID- 6606367 TI - Infections in parenteral drug abusers. Further immunologic studies. AB - In our previous study of soft tissue infections in parenteral drug abusers, two thirds of the infections were polymicrobial. Oral and enteric organisms were frequently recovered. These patients and a group of uninfected addicts showed frequent cutaneous anergy, lymphopenia, and hypergammaglobulinemia. An additional group of uninfected addicts was studied. The mean levels of IgA, IgG, and IgM were higher in the uninfected addicts. In the addict and control groups, elevations in IgA (17 percent of total), IgG (65 percent), and IgM (19 percent) levels were found. Zinc levels were within normal limits. T-cell populations below 70 percent were seen in five of the seven addicts and two of the four control subjects. Reversed helper to suppressor cell ratios were found in three of the seven addicts and control subjects. No consistent pattern of immunologic abnormalities emerged. The interrelationship of the abnormalities in the addict and their relationship to AIDS is unclear. PMID- 6606368 TI - A specific high-performance liquid chromatography assay for dehydroascorbic acid shows an increased content in CLL lymphocytes. AB - A method for the assay of dehydroascorbic acid using high-performance liquid chromatography with uv detection is described. The dehydroascorbic acid is separated from ascorbic acid and reduced with dithiothreitol, and is then quantitated as ascorbic acid following rechromatography. Since as little as 22 pmol can be detected, sensitivity is at least 40-fold greater than that of other currently available procedures. This method was used to measure the level of dehydroascorbic acid in normal and chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes. A significantly higher concentration of dehydroascorbic acid was found in leukemic (21.80 +/- 3.55 nmol/10(8) cells, mean +/- SE) than in normal lymphocytes (9.32 +/- 1.15 nmol/10(8) cells) (P less than 0.03). Analysis of extracts from normal B cell lymphocytes revealed comparable dehydroascorbic acid levels to unfractionated lymphocytes, indicating that the elevated level in chronic lymphocytic leukemia was not simply a reflection of the increased percentage of B lymphocytes in this disorder. These studies illustrate that the technique can be used to measure the dehydroascorbic acid content from sources where only scanty material is available or low levels are found. PMID- 6606369 TI - Preoperative nifedipine management. PMID- 6606370 TI - Investigation of the nature and specificity of antinuclear antibody in dogs. AB - A liquid phase radioimmunoassay was used to test sera from 34 dogs in 3 categories, determined by presence of antinuclear antibody (ANA) and disease, for antibodies against native canine DNA and dAdT, a synthetic double-stranded DNA analog. Antibodies to dAdT were absent in healthy dogs which, as a group, had levels of DNA antibodies consistent with those reported for healthy persons. Canine patients with a variety of illnesses, but which remained ANA negative, had slightly increased levels of binding of DNA and dAdT. As a group, ANA-positive dogs had significantly increased binding of dAdT and native DNA, which was shown to be mainly, but not entirely, double stranded. In the ANA-positive group, no correlation was found among ANA titer, % DNA binding, and % dAdT binding, indicating that these 3 procedures detect antibodies with differing specificities. In dogs, ANA are heterogeneous in antigenic specificity. Antibodies to double-stranded nucleic acid in dogs do not appear to be as specific for systemic lupus erythematosus as they are reported to be in persons with autoimmune disease. PMID- 6606371 TI - Growth of ovine granulocyte-macrophage precursors in vitro without exogenous colony-stimulating activity. AB - Ovine granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM) from peripheral blood and bone marrow were cultured in vitro. The colony-stimulating activity (CSA) was provided by various conditioned-media previously reported to contain CSA and by homologous sheep serum (SS). The maximum number of CFU-GM was observed in the cultures containing SS without the addition of exogenous CSA. The CFU-GM appeared earlier in the cultures containing bone marrow cells when compared to the peripheral blood CFU-GM. Replacement of SS by bovine fetal serum resulted in suboptimal growth of ovine CFU-GM. PMID- 6606372 TI - Hemophilus influenzae biotypes and chronic bronchitis. AB - Hemophilus influenzae can be differentiated into 6 biotypes on the basis of 3 biochemical reactions. This study was undertaken to determine the biotypes of respiratory isolates from an adult population with chronic bronchitis and to compare the biotypes of upper and lower respiratory tract isolates of individual patients. For rapid biotyping of serologically nontypable H. influenzae, we used 2 commercially prepared kits (Minitek and IDS RapID Systems). Twenty-three of 29 isolates (79%) had biochemical characteristics of biotype II with the Minitek system. Eighteen of the same 29 isolates were retested with the IDS RapID System and reacted as biotype II organisms. Seven of 9 and 4 of 4 paired transtracheal/oropharyngeal samples had identical biotypes when tested with the Minitek and IDS RapID System, respectively. These findings suggest that H. influenzae organisms are exchanged between the oropharynx and tracheobronchial tree of elderly male patients with chronic bronchitis. PMID- 6606373 TI - Toxocara canis endophthalmitis with low ELISA titer. AB - A five-year old boy had clinical findings consistent with ocular toxocariasis, blood eosinophilia, and repetitive negative (titer 1:2) ELISA. The eye was enucleated and larval fragments consistent with Toxocara were present within an eosinophilic granuloma in the vitreous cavity overlying a chorioretinal scar entrance site. PMID- 6606374 TI - Unmasking of heterozygosity by inherited balanced translocations. Implications for prenatal diagnosis and gene mapping. AB - Phenotypic abnormalities in individuals with balanced chromosome rearrangements can be caused by loss of function at the break points and consequent functional homozygosity for recessive genes. This has obvious implications in prenatal diagnosis. Relevant cases are presented and discussed. Mendelian disorders and possibly also disorders which are under polygenic control may be assigned to certain chromosome regions or bands by means of such translocations. Several assignments have been accomplished lately, the approach being much the same as with deletion mapping. PMID- 6606375 TI - [Increased frequency of sister chromatid exchange in persons occupationally exposed to ethylene oxide]. AB - Mutagenic effects of ethylene oxide have been demonstrated by short-term testing in vitro and in vivo in several organisms. Its oncogenic activity for man has been suspected and recently supported by experiments in mice. Exposure can occur during ethylene oxide gas sterilization of medical materials. We have tested effects on chromosomes by estimating sister chromatids exchange (SCE) frequency. Our results, reported here, show that exposure to this substance during work is followed by a very highly significant increase of SCE frequency as compared with controls. Thus, the SCE test may, under particular conditions, represent a reliable test for exposure to certain toxic agents. PMID- 6606376 TI - Protease inhibitor (PI) phenotype of individuals with chromosomal fragile sites. AB - One hundred and four fragile sites were ascertained from 95 unrelated families. In each family the ancestry of the fragile site was traced as far as possible and the PI phenotype of the carrier in the earliest generation determined. Mildly deficient PI phenotypes were more prevalent than expected among earliest carriers of folate sensitive fragile sites, but not for BrdU dependent fragile sites. The significance of this finding is unclear and is based upon relatively small numbers. Another series of fragile site carriers would need to be studied and similar results found before the question of any relationship between PI phenotype and mutagenesis to fragile sites could be raised. PMID- 6606377 TI - [Fragility of the X chromosome and inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase. Comparison of the effects of 2 antibiotics: trimethoprim and pyrimethamine]. AB - The increase in frequency of the Xq27 gap is investigated after addition to the culture medium of two inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase : trimethoprim (TMP) and pyrimethamine (PMT). Neither antibiotic induced the gap in ten normal subjects. In five Xqfra, mentally retarded, untreated boys, TMP (26,7 mg/l) and PMT (1,25 mg/l) increased equally the gap frequency. In two out of four women carrying the Xqfra and in three out of four Xfra mentally retarded boys, treated for a few months, with oral folic acid (one milligram/kg/day), TMP increased the frequency of the gap, while PMT was practically inactive. PMT is a much more powerful inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase than TMP : it was concluded therefore that TMP could also act on some other steps of the monocarbons' metabolism. The only patient who reacted strongly to both TMP and PMT had previously suffered a severe neurologic regression during an antibiotherapy with TMP. It is stressed that dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors should be avoided when treating Xqfra patients. PMID- 6606378 TI - [Distal 1q monosomy. 2 new cases and description of the syndrome]. AB - In two unrelated girls, each with severe mental deficiency and craniofacial dysmorphism, deletion of chromosome segment 1q4 had occurred de novo. These two observations together with seven others from the literature allow delineation of a syndrome, as follows. Growth retardation is marked at birth and remains beyond the 3rd percentile. Mental retardation is severe. Seizures are frequent. The cry may be unusually high pitched. Craniofacial dysmorphism includes brachymicrocephaly, a round and flat facies, a high forehead with a prominent metopic suture, thin and scarse hair, palpebral fissures slanted upward, hypertelorism and epicanthal folds, a bulbous nose with a flattened nose-bridge, a large and prominent philtrum, well-defined Cupid's bow, and retrognathia. Other malformations include various skeletal malformations, hypospadias with or without cryptorchidism, a consistent feature, and congenital heart disease in a third of the cases. The deletion occurred de novo in 8 out of the 9 cases. The breakpoint is, according to the several authors, in 1q42 or q43. PMID- 6606379 TI - [Distal 14q trisomy]. AB - A 22-month-old boy was found to be trisomic for distal 14q due to malsegregation of a t(10;14)(q26.3;q32.1)pat. This observation and seven others reported in the literature permit the delineation of the corresponding clinical syndrome, which includes the following : intra-uterine and postnatal growth retardation; craniofacial dysmorphism : a large facies, chubby cheeks, facial asymmetry, hypertelorism, a broad nose, a short prominent philtrum, a carp-shaped mouth, micrognathia, low-set ears with a prominent antitragus; nipples set high and far apart; short upper limbs; hypogenitalism in the male; internal organ malformations : brain, lung, and heart defects, the last often responsible for an early death. This syndrome resembles that of complete trisomy 14q. The border of the index case was mentally deficient; he carried the paternal translocation as well as an extra unidentifiable fragment translocated onto the short arm of the rearranged chromosome 10. PMID- 6606380 TI - [Absence of the palmar c triradius. Dermatoglyphic and geneologic study of a genetic character transmitted since the 17th century in a Quebec family]. AB - A dermatoglyphic research on the absence of the palmar c-triradius was carried out in a Canadian family line originating from a French married couple who settled in the Quebec City area in 1649. Of the 51 individuals examined, 34 showed that c-triradius was missing on one or both palms. The study of the family tree and of the data confirms the hypothesis that an absent palmar c-triradius is an autosomal dominant trait transmitted by an heterozygous genotype with, in the present observation, an incidence of 66,6% and an estimated penetrance of 44,1%. PMID- 6606381 TI - [Double trisomy and transmitted pericentric inversion (48,XXY, +21,inv(22)). Interchromosomal effect]. AB - A patient is reported, carrier of a double aneuploidy (trisomy 21 and XXY) associated with a pericentric inversion 22 inherited from the mother. The role of this structural rearrangement at the origin of the double aneuploidy is discussed. PMID- 6606382 TI - [Familial pericentric inversion of chromosome 10. 2 new cases]. AB - Two cases of pericentric inversion involving a chromosome no. 10 are reported in infertile men. Using R-, G-, and C-banding techniques, the inversions were identified as inv(10)(p15q11) and inv(10)(p11q21). A similar chromosome was found in a parent of one of the probands. The literature on similar cases is reviewed briefly and the relationship between pericentric inversion and sterility are discussed. PMID- 6606383 TI - [Pure trisomy 13q13-qter caused by aneusomic recombination of a maternal pericentric inversion]. AB - A 17-year-old girl with a severe mental retardation and facial dysmorphism was found to be carrier of an abnormal chromosome no. 13. Her mother and several other members of her family carry a pericentric inversion of chromosome no. 13. The abnormal 13 of the proposita was shown to result of "aneusomie de recombinaison" of the inverted chromosome no. 13. Biochemical, hematological, and clinical features contribute to the establishment of the clinical map of chromosome 13. PMID- 6606384 TI - On the screening for inborn errors of galactose metabolism. AB - The utility of a simplified diagram of procedures for screening specimens for genetic disorders in galactose metabolism is stressed. Both, early detection and institution of the dietetic treatment are imperative since these inherited disorders have clinical and pathological consequences which can be very severe in galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase and uridine diphosphate galactose-4 epimerase deficiencies. PMID- 6606385 TI - Lung function in an Australian population: contributions of polygenic factors and the Pi locus to individual differences in lung function in a sample of twins. AB - A study of lung function in 203 twin pairs aged 18-34 years living in Sydney detected significant genetic variation in females and males. There was no evidence of family environmental effects in either sex and most of the repeatable variation in females was heritable. However, there was evidence for systematic environmental differences between males affecting lung function so that the heritability was lower in males (about 0.6) than females (about 0.8). An effect of smoking on lung function was detected but accounted for less than 3% of the variance. Lung function in females was greater in the M subtype heterozygotes at the Pi locus than in the M subtype homozygotes or in other Pi phenotypes with low alpha 1-antitrypsin activity. The Pi polymorphism accounted for approximately 9% of the total variance in female lung function. No effect of the Pi locus was found in males. PMID- 6606386 TI - The use of elemental diets during cancer therapy (review). AB - The intestinal mucosa depends upon luminal contents for part of its own supply of nutrients. Such nutrients are provided in a rapidly available state by elemental diets composed of chemically defined products containing nutrients in their simplest forms, e.g. amino acids, oligopeptides, essential fatty acids, triglycerides and simple sugars. These diets help to maintain the integrity of the intestinal mucosa under conditions such as abdominal irradiation and cancer chemotherapy which greatly impair the terminal digestion of nutrients in the intestinal brush border. The elemental diets also diminish the concentration of potentially injurious constituents of the intestinal juice, such as pancreatic proteases and bile salts, which play an important role in the intestinal complications of cancer therapy. PMID- 6606388 TI - Intracerebral hemorrhage with herpes zoster ophthalmicus. PMID- 6606387 TI - Herpes zoster ophthalmicus and delayed contralateral hemiparesis caused by cerebral angiitis: diagnosis and management approaches. AB - Four patients with herpes zoster ophthalmicus and delayed contralateral hemiparesis are described, and their findings are compared with those in patients previously reported in the English language literature. The current patients evidenced multifocal ipsilateral cerebral angiitis by angiography and multifocal infarcts in the distribution of the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery by computed tomographic scanning. Cerebrospinal fluid showed mononuclear pleocytosis, positive oligoclonal bands, and an elevated immunoglobulin G index. Two patients were treated with corticosteroids and acyclovir, and 1 with corticosteroids alone, all without apparent response. Necrotizing angiitis ipsilateral to the herpes zoster ophthalmicus was demonstrated postmortem in 1 patient with multifocal cerebral infarction and progressive leukoencephalopathy. Neither herpes varicella zoster immunocytochemical reactivity nor viral inclusions were seen. The leukoencephalopathy associated with herpes varicella zoster either may be caused by cerebral angiitis or, as previously reported, may be a temporally remote manifestation of persistent herpes varicella zoster infection. The cerebral angiitis associated with herpes varicella zoster is histologically similar to granulomatous angiitis, and both may be related to herpes varicella zoster infection of the cerebral vasculature. PMID- 6606389 TI - In vivo disturbance of the oxidative metabolism of glucose in human cerebral gliomas. AB - Abnormalities in the oxidative metabolism of glucose in human cerebral gliomas have been studied in seven patients using positron emission tomography. Measurements of regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption were obtained using the oxygen-15 steady-state inhalation technique. Values of regional cerebral glucose consumption were obtained using fluorine 18-labeled 2-fluoro-2 deoxy-D-glucose and a simplification of the method of Sokoloff. Functional values were obtained for regions of tumor and brain tissue in the middle cerebral artery territory of the contralateral cortex. Values of regional glucose consumption were calculated for both regions using a value of the lumped constant quoted for normal brain tissue (0.42). Tumor regional cerebral blood flow was comparable to that in the contralateral cortex, whereas regional cerebral oxygen consumption was depressed. This depression resulted in low tumor values of the fractional oxygen extraction ratio (0.21 +/- 0.07), indicating that oxygen supply exceeded the metabolic demand. In contrast, tumor regional cerebral glucose consumption was not depressed and regional glucose extraction ratios were similar for tumor and brain tissue. The metabolic uncoupling between regional oxygen consumption and regional glucose consumption (CMRO2/CMRGlu = 0.24 +/- 0.07 ml of oxygen per milligram of glucose) is indicative of increased aerobic glycolysis. PMID- 6606390 TI - Disturbance of oxidative metabolism of glucose in recent human cerebral infarcts. AB - Eight patients with recent cerebral hemispheric infarction were studied with positron emission tomography and the oxygen-15 steady-state inhalation and [18F]deoxyglucose techniques to obtain values of regional cerebral blood flow, oxygen consumption, and glucose metabolism. The Sokoloff equation, used to calculate glucose metabolism, was simplified to exclude the exponential terms containing the rate constants. A value of the lumped constant quoted for normal brain (0.42) was used for infarcted regions and contralateral hemisphere. Mean regional cerebral blood flow, oxygen consumption, and glucose metabolism were all significantly depressed within the infarcts compared with the mirror regions in the contralateral cerebral hemisphere. The mean fractional extraction of oxygen was low, indicating an adequate supply of oxygen for residual oxidative metabolism. Regional oxygen consumption and glucose metabolism were significantly correlated within the infarcts, but with a relationship of 2 moles of oxygen per mole of glucose--one-third that in the contralateral hemisphere and in normal brain. Although these results suggest that the metabolizing tissue of a recent cerebral infarct utilizes aerobic glycolysis, caution about the validity of this pathophysiological observation is dictated by limitations in current positron emission tomographic tracer methodology. PMID- 6606391 TI - [Isolation and purification of penicillinase from Francisella tularensis]. AB - beta-Lactamase was isolated from the cells of a penicillinase-producing strain of the tularemia causative agent. It was purified 100 times. By its properties (the substrate profile, Km, temperature optimum and thermostability) beta-lactamase differed from penicillinases isolated from other sources. PMID- 6606392 TI - [Production of penicillinase by staphylococcal strains of different origins]. AB - A total of 319 strains of S. aureus and 729 strains of S. epidermidis belonging to different biovars isolated from the skin and nasal mucosa of 349 persons representing 8 independent groups were tested. On the whole production of penicillinase was more often observed in the strains of S. aureus than in the strains of S. epidermidis. Within the first species this property was more often detected in the strains of biovar I as compared to the other biovars. However, the frequency of the penicillinase-producing strains within S. aureus and the biovars of S. epidermidis markedly varied. PMID- 6606393 TI - Comparison of moxalactam and gentamicin in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections. AB - Moxalactam and gentamicin were compared in a prospective, randomized study of 49 hospitalized patients with complicated urinary tract infections. Patients received parenteral moxalactam, 250 mg every 12 h, or gentamicin, 1 mg/kg every 8 h. The average duration of therapy (moxalactam, 7.5 days; gentamicin, 8.6 days) was similar for both groups. Sixty-two percent of patients treated with moxalactam and 57% of those receiving gentamicin were cured of their infection, as defined by a negative culture after therapy. No side effects required discontinuation of either drug. An enterococcus caused two superinfections and three reinfections in patients treated with moxalactam. Moxalactam resistance developed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from three patients treated with moxalactam. Moreover, two of these isolates showed decreased susceptibility to gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin. An additional 10 patients with gentamicin resistant but moxalactam-susceptible isolates were treated with moxalactam. Forty percent of these patients were cured of their infections. Moxalactam appears to be a safe, effective drug for complicated urinary tract infections caused by susceptible bacteria, including those resistant to gentamicin. However, patients receiving moxalactam should be carefully monitored to detect enterococcal superinfections or development of resistance to moxalactam in isolates of P. aeruginosa. PMID- 6606394 TI - Susceptibility of 40 Haemophilus ducreyi strains to 34 antimicrobial products. AB - A study was performed to examine compounds that might improve the selectivity of the primary isolation medium for Haemophilus ducreyi. The susceptibility of 40 H. ducreyi strains to 34 antimicrobial agents, including 10 antibiotics, 3 quaternary ammonium compounds, 3 phenolic derivatives, 3 acridines, and 15 heavy metal compounds, was investigated by using an agar plate dilution technique. Results were compared with the susceptibilities of other gram-negative rods which may be contaminants on isolation media. The minimal inhibitory concentration range for colistin (16 to 128 micrograms/ml) indicated that this antibiotic might be of use as a selective agent. H. ducreyi was susceptible to spectinomycin (minimal inhibitory concentration range, 16 to 64 micrograms/ml), thiamphenicol (0.12 to 1 microgram/ml), chloramphenicol (0.12 to 0.5 micrograms/ml), and streptomycin (4 to 32 micrograms/ml) and moderately susceptible to kanamycin (2 to 8 micrograms/ml). For the heavy metal compounds, a high susceptibility was seen with copper(II) chloride (2 to 8 micrograms/ml, corresponding to a concentration of 0.75 to 3 micrograms of Cu2+ ions per ml), sodium selenite (1 to 4 micrograms/ml, or 0.45 to 1.83 micrograms of Se- ions per ml), and phenylmercury acetate (0.12 to 0.5 micrograms/ml). The minimal inhibitory concentrations of quaternary ammonium compounds, acridines, and phenolic derivatives were between 1 and 32 micrograms/ml, 8 and 32 micrograms/ml, and 8 and 250 micrograms/ml, respectively. PMID- 6606395 TI - [High dose of methotrexate-leucovorin treatment in advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. AB - High doses of methotrexate (MTX) and leucovorin (LCV) as a rescue treatment were applied to five patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, refractory to standard combination chemotherapy. Two of 5 patients showed a complete remission, and 2 patients showed a partial remission. One patient with massive pleural effusion showed an improvement by the treatment without any severe side effect under monitoring and controlling the dose of MTX. However, the remission duration of the treatment was short; therefore, additive therapy was required of later. From these results we assumed that the high dose of MTX and LCV could be effective for malignant lymphoma being resistant to other combination therapies. PMID- 6606396 TI - [Human monoclonal antibodies with human-mouse hybridomas]. AB - Our trial to produce human monoclonal antibodies with human-mouse hybridomas is described. Human spleen cells, in comparison with peripheral blood lymphocytes, bone marrow cells and lymphnode lymphocytes, seem to be the best partner to fuse with myeloma line NS-1 to obtain hybridomas. About sixty percent of hybridomas derived from human spleen cells at first produce human Ig which in most cases belong to either IgG or IgM. Fifty percent of hybridomas which had initially produced human Ig continued to do so after 4 months. One of the clones of human monoclonal antibodies reacted with a cell surface antigen expressed on three out of 5 B cell lines, 14 out of 38 Epstein-Barr virus transformed B cell lines and null cell type lymphocytic leukemia cells obtained from one patient out of 34 tested. Other normal or malignant cells, hematopoietic or nonhematopoietic cells examined were negative. The antigen does not seem to be related to EBNA, early antigen and VCA of EB virus, or certain haplotype specificity of HLA-A, B, C, and DR loci. Reports by others on production of monoclonal antibodies with similar approaches were also reviewed. PMID- 6606397 TI - Outcome of liver disease associated with alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency (PiZ). Implications for genetic counselling and antenatal diagnosis. AB - We reviewed the hepatic features in 136 children with alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency (PiZ). Eighty two were studied prospectively, 74 of whom had chronic liver disease. Sixty seven children with liver disease presented in the first four months of life, four were older infants and children with chronic liver disease, 10 (three with liver disease) were identified in studies of the family of these propositi, and one was identified when she had liver disease associated with infectious mononucleosis. By 17 years of age 20 of these 74 children with chronic liver disease had died, 20 had established cirrhosis, 19 had persisting liver disease, and only 15 had made a complete, clinical and biochemical recovery. The outcome of liver disease was similar in a further 39 previously unreported PiZ infants and children with liver disease who were not prospectively studied. Because liver disease affects only a proportion of infants with PiZ phenotype and because the severity of their liver disease is so variable, we have analysed the outcome of liver disease in 27 observed families and in 20 previously reported families with more than one child with PiZ. In 34 families the outcome of liver disease was similar in the two children. From an analysis of the families with a severely affected child, we conclude that if the first PiZ child of PiZ heterozygote parents has unresolved liver disease, there is a 78% chance that a second PiZ child will have similar liver disease. After careful counselling, fetoscopy, fetal blood sampling, and protease inhibitor phenotyping, possible termination of pregnancy should be carefully considered in these families. PMID- 6606398 TI - Familial palindromic rheumatism: a possible association with HLA. AB - Palindromic rheumatism is very rare in children. The familial occurrence of the disease has been only briefly reported previously. A family is described here in which the mother and her 3 children suffered from typical palindromic rheumatism, which ran a benign course. All 4 members were seronegative and the HLA types of the children were identical. The HLA genotype of the mother was HLA A2, Cw4, Bw41, Bw6, DR5, MT2/Aw32, CX, Bw44, Bw4, DR1, MT1. HLA DR5 has previously been found to be associated with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, while DR1 in Jews is significantly associated with adult-onset rheumatoid arthritis. DR5 was shared by the mother and her 3 children. The presence of the antigen DR5 in this sibship suggests that palindromic rheumatism may be a variant of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis with a relatively late onset and a more benign course. Tissue typing of patients with palindromic rheumatism may give a clue to prognosis. The patients' youth and the familial involvement, with identical HLA characteristics, are the outstanding features of this family. PMID- 6606399 TI - Sarcoid dactylitis. AB - Dactylitis is a rare rheumatological complication of sarcoidosis. It may be accompanied by underlying bone changes, and management is often difficult. We report these 4 cases of dactylitis in which there have been significant bone changes and associated management problems. One case is further complicated by biopsy-proved sarcoid synovitis, uncommon in a British resident, and 2 cases show destructive bone changes, which have rarely been reported in sarcoidosis. PMID- 6606400 TI - HLA B27 related 'unclassifiable' seronegative spondyloarthropathies. AB - Twenty-five patients (22 males and 3 females) are described who had 'unclassifiable' seronegative peripheral arthritis affecting mainly the large joints of the lower limbs with other typical features of spondyloarthropathies such as heel pain, low back pain, and mucosal ulcers. But their disorders could not be diagnosed as any specific spondyloarthropathy such as ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's disease, etc. The mean age of onset of disease was 21.4 years and 60% of them had mono- or oligoarthritis; 60% had arthritis of only lower limb joints. Knee, ankle, and hip joints were most commonly involved, often asymmetrically (mean degree of asymmetry = 0.28). Minimal radiographic sacroiliitis was present in 4 patients, though 13 had low back pain. HLA B27 antigen was detected in 21 (84%) of these patients and only 5.9% of 118 controls (relative risk 83). In addition to these 25 patients there were 4 others whose only symptom was severe bilateral heel pain: 3 of them were positive for HLA B27. PMID- 6606401 TI - C-reactive protein and serological indices of disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) in sera from 70 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) showed no correlation with commonly accepted laboratory indices of disease activity. Most patients had detectable serum CRP, but in some patients CRP was not found despite repeated testing. This absence of a CRP response did not appear to be related to medication. In some patients high levels of CRP were seen in the absence of infection. Measurement of serum CRP in SLE is unlikely to be useful in the laboratory diagnosis of disease activity. PMID- 6606403 TI - HLA-DR4 does not predispose to higher amounts of rheumatoid factors in healthy persons. PMID- 6606402 TI - The use of C3d as a means of monitoring clinical activity in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Plasma samples from 44 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 43 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were assayed for C3d, a breakdown product of the third component of complement (C3), which was also measured in parallel. Levels of C3d varied in direct proportion with disease activity in RA, whereas C3 showed little change. Although C3d values also increased with worsening clinical condition in SLE, this trend was not considered to be sufficiently clear to be useful and did not provide any advantage over the routinely performed C3 assay. PMID- 6606404 TI - Improved myocardial protection during a prolonged cross-clamp period. AB - Severe coronary stenoses limit delivery of cardioplegic solution to ischemic regions in patients undergoing bypass operations. A prospective randomized trial was undertaken to determine whether the construction of proximal as well as distal anastomoses during a prolonged cross-clamp period would provide more uniform cardiac cooling and better myocardial protection. Ninety-one consecutive patients undergoing elective coronary bypass operations were randomized into two groups. The long cross-clamp technique was used in 46 patients (Group 1), and a proximal anastomosis was constructed after each distal anastomosis. The short cross-clamp technique was employed in 45 patients (Group 2), and distal anastomoses were constructed during aortic occlusion. Cardiopulmonary bypass time was identical, but the cross-clamp period was longer in Group 1 (59 +/- 15 minutes versus 46 +/- 17 minutes in Group 2; p less than 0.001). The mean temperature in the most ischemic region was colder with the long cross-clamp technique (12.5 +/- 3.1 degrees C in Group 1 versus 14.8 +/- 3.2 degrees C in Group 2; p less than 0.01). The total amount of the myocardial isoenzyme of serum creatine kinase released was greater in Group 2 than in Group 1 (332 +/- 34 IU/L per hour in Group 1 versus 469 +/- 45 IU/L per hour in Group 2). Thirty-six patients had coronary sinus catheters inserted (18 patients in each group). Myocardial lactate extraction returned to normal sooner in the patients who had a long cross-clamp period; time to a normal lactate extraction was 0.8 +/- 0.8 hours in Group 1 versus 2.2 +/- 2.1 hours in Group 2 (p less than 0.001). Volume loading and atrial pacing 2 to 4 hours postoperatively produced a similar hemodynamic response in the two groups, but myocardial lactate extraction increased in Group 1 and decreased in Group 2 (p less than 0.05). The construction of proximal as well as distal anastomoses during a prolonged cross clamp period produced more uniform cooling and improved myocardial protection. PMID- 6606405 TI - Intellectual function late after open-heart operation. AB - Cerebral emboli are not uncommon complications after valve replacements. We investigated the hypothesis that there are emboli that are clinically unnoticeable but that may affect the intellectual function of the brain. One hundred sixty-five patients were studied with a battery of psychometric tests before and after operation, two months postoperatively, and 2 to 8 years after operation. Ten patients sustained late cerebral infarction or hemorrhage. Their late intellectual function was low, indicating an impairment in brain performance. The remaining 155 patients had had no cerebral complications postoperatively. Eighty-three had had valve replacement (Bjork-Shiley valves); 51, aortocoronary bypass operations; and 21, closure of an atrial septal defect (all adult patients). Late intellectual function was significantly lower in the patients with a valve prosthesis than in the other two groups. However, this difference could be traced back to the operation. Thus, we have not been able to confirm our hypothesis that late intellectual function in patients with a heart valve prosthesis deteriorates as a result of clinically silent emboli. On the contrary, patients who have undergone aortocoronary bypass operation sustain more deterioration in late intellectual function than the other groups. Late intellectual function in this study population clearly was influenced by events during the operation. Because cerebral injury can be shown almost regularly after open-heart operation, this investigation provides an incentive for further efforts to improve the quality of open-heart surgery with the aim of keeping brain function as intact as possible. PMID- 6606406 TI - Primary amyloidosis presenting as Sjogren's syndrome. AB - A patient had severe sicca complex. Histopathologic and immunologic examination of the salivary glands showed amyloid fibril infiltration, type A lambda VI. To our knowledge, this is the first documentation of immunologically characterized primary amyloidosis causing the sicca complex. The sicca complex is usually associated with Sjogren's syndrome and the presence of autoantibodies to SSA and SSB. These antibodies were absent in our patient, despite the severity of the sicca syndrome. The clinician should consider more unusual causes of the sicca complex, eg, amyloidosis, particularly if the serologic markers of antibodies to SSA and SSB are absent. Tissue typing the amyloid protein diagnosed primary amyloidosis, obviating the need to search for underlying disease. PMID- 6606407 TI - [Changes in the isoniazid inactivation index during antituberculosis treatment in children]. AB - Fluorimetric assays of serum isoniazid levels were performed in children treated either with isoniazid alone, or with isoniazid associated with other antituberculous drugs, in order to adjust the dosage. Study of the inactivation index at the 3rd hour, showed a faster metabolism in the younger children. Assays repeated twice or more in 160 patients, showed important variability in the results. The variation coefficient was 18,6% for the whole group and above 25% in 25% of cases. The younger age and the association of several other drugs (corticosteroids and possibly erythromycine) may be responsible, at least partly, for this variability. However, association with antituberculous drugs (ethambutol, rifampin) does not seem to change significantly isoniazid metabolism. The magnitude of these variations should lead to a greater caution in the interpretation of isolated isoniazid dosages. PMID- 6606408 TI - [Cross-reactivity of 3M KCl-extracts of fetal tissue from various species in the macrophage electrophoresis mobility test. II. Tissue extracts from lower vertebrates in various phases of development]. AB - Cellular sensitization was detected by the MEM-test using 3M KCl-extracts of fetuses from man and mouse and of different metamorphic stages of the water frog (tadpoles) and the carp (yolk sack-bearing stage). The sensitization demonstrated was independent on the type of tumor tested. The occurrence of active components in the extracts was correlated with certain stages of individual development of water frog and carp. The evidence of these components in species of several classes of vertebrates confirms the assumption of phylogenetically conserved structures. PMID- 6606409 TI - In vivo identification of rabbit serum allotypes. AB - It was found that injection of an antiallotype serum into the skin of a rabbit of a homologous allotype produced a skin lesion at the injection site. The skin lesions generated by this procedure were shown to result from the formation of insoluble immunocomplexes of the antiallotype serum injected and circulating IgG immunoglobulins: neither homocytotropic immunoglobulins fixed to cells nor surface immunoglobulins of B lymphocytes were found to take part in this reaction. The allotype skin test (AST) was utilized for identification of rabbit serum allotypes Aa1, Aa2, Aa3 and Ab5. A high degree correlation was found between results of typing by this method and by the precipitin test. PMID- 6606410 TI - Occurrence of HLA antigens in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and in their families. AB - The HLA typing (A and B loci) was performed in 55 individuals with ankylosing spondylitis (a.s.) in 74 relatives of their families and in 394 normals. HLA B-27 antigen was found in 80% of tested patients with a.s. The relative risk for B-27 being 30.1 and for A2 -- 1.65. In patients with a.s. lacking B-27 antigen the course of the disease did not differ from that in B-27 positive subjects. Uveitis has been revealed in 36.4% of B-27 patients and only in 9.9% of those negative for B-27. The results obtained in families display four different patterns as concerns genetics and morbidity: 1) in all 3 generations the presence of B-27 was accompanied by a.s., 2) in none of tested family members (diseases or healty) the B-27 antigen was confirmed, 3) there was correlation between B-27 and the disease symptoms, 4) the incidence of a.s. was associated with B-27 homozygotism. The results favour the idea that B-27 antigen is a disease determining factor, however, there is probably another allelic gene (nes) cooperating with B-27 locus. The B-27 homozygotism increases markedly the risk for a.s. The course of the diseases seems to be determined by environmental factors. PMID- 6606411 TI - The use of protein beads as immunoadsorbent for the column fractionation of lymphocytes. AB - Beads of calf serum proteins (CSB) with antigen-antibody complexes or antigen by activation with glutaraldehyde were used as immunoadsorbents for the fractionation of mouse lymphocytes. T-lymphocytes could be separated by this method with high purity. The precursors of antibody-forming cells were completely eliminated from spleen and bone marrow cell suspensions. The unspecific binding of lymphocytes to CBS or Sepharose was similar and not selective for T or B lymphocytes. PMID- 6606412 TI - Resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia in mice after transfer of immune spleen cells. AB - The resistance to P. aeruginosa septicemia was studied in mice after transfer of immune spleen cells from donors vaccinated with P. aeruginosa slime-extract. The protective capacity of these cells appeared in donors within 3 days after immunization and reached a maximum between day 4 and 6. Then it rapidly declined and disappeared on the 9th day after vaccination. This capacity of spleen cells from donors immunized several times with slime-extract was lasting longer than in the former group and decreased on day 9-11 after the last vaccination. However, the recipients were not protected against infection if the donor immune spleen cells were pretreated with anti-Thy 1.2 monoclonal antibodies. Moreover, it was found that the transfer of cells from vaccinated donors to nonimmune mice inoculated with P. aeruginosa enhanced a steady decrease of the number of viable organisms in the spleens of the recipients. The immunity conferred on the recipient mice was highly specific. PMID- 6606414 TI - Brain edema after stroke. Clinical syndrome and intracranial pressure. AB - We studied prospectively the syndrome of brain edema after a large infarction in 12 patients. The major symptom was drowsiness, which began on the first to fourth day after the ictus and which was accompanied by asymmetry in pupillary size of 0.5 to 2.0 mm in eight patients, periodic breathing in seven, and Babinski's sign contralateral to the hemiparesis in five. These accompanying signs appeared several hours after drowsiness in some patients. Seven patients had brain death, one died of sepsis after recovering from brain swelling, and only four survived. In six patients in whom intracranial pressure was continuously measured, levels persistently above 15 mm Hg were associated with eventual brain death (four patients) and levels below 15 mm Hg were associated with survival (two patients). PMID- 6606413 TI - Issues in diagnosis and treatment of transsexualism. AB - Transsexualism involves incongruity between anatomy and gender identity in biological normal persons. The literature in this area indicates controversy in diagnosis and treatment. Current guidelines for assessment and treatment selection are critically reviewed. Outcome data suggest that sex reassignment surgery is variably effective and potentially deleterious. Child and adult interventions may be more viable than previously assumed. Recommendations for research include systematic follow-up, longitudinal studies of gender-deviant children, and studies of psychopathology. Until rigorous outcome data are available, return to a conservative position on sex reassignment, using highly exclusive diagnostic guidelines and restrictive selection criteria, is advocated. PMID- 6606415 TI - Observations on immunologic parameters in laryngeal cancer patients. AB - Patients with laryngeal cancer were examined immunologically before treatment and for 1-10 years after treatment. In the pretreatment group, the percentage of T cells, lymphocyte blastoid reaction (PHA, concanavalin A), and skin reactions (PHA) were generally in the normal range, but absolute numbers of T cells and lymphocytes were reduced in most patients. In the group with no recurrence after surgery, the absolute number of T cells and lymphocytes, IgG X FcR+T cells (T gamma), and skin reactions was normal in many cases. The group with recurrence showed reduced percentage of T cells and an absolute number of T cells and lymphocytes. The absolute number of T cells and lymphocytes and the PPD skin reaction increased after surgery in some cases, but reductions in some of the parameters were noted in a few cases long after surgery. Radiation therapy for patients with tumors at early stages did not significantly change the percentage of T cells or the skin reactions. PMID- 6606416 TI - The enhancement of cultured spontaneous cytotoxic T cells from normal and athymic (nu/nu) mice. AB - Subsets of natural killer cells may be characterised by the target cell profile, cell surface markers and the effect of growth factors on the production of effector cells. The subset which appears in primary cultures (spontaneous or natural T killer cells) is enhanced by the supernatants of Con A-stimulated rat spleen cultures. The enhancement can be attributed to an increased number of clones rather than an expansion of clone size in 5-day cultures. With semi purified IL-2 preparations, clones of spontaneous cytotoxic cells are also detectable in nu/nu spleen cultures. These results suggest such spontaneous cytotoxicity is a general phenomenon within cytotoxic responses. PMID- 6606417 TI - Empyema due to beta-lactamase-producing H. influenzae type b complicating severe laryngo-pharyngitis and cervical cellulitis. AB - A 70-year-old woman presented to hospital with an acute life-threatening cervical cellulitis and laryngopharyngitis followed by pneumonia. Despite a month's treatment with intravenous antibiotics including cephamandole she developed a bacteremic empyema due to a beta-lactamase producing H. influenzae. Subsequent treatment with chloramphenicol and surgical drainage was curative. The same pathogen was later isolated from her grandson's throat. Chloramphenicol is recommended as the drug of choice in such cases. PMID- 6606419 TI - Acute abomasitis due to Clostridium septicum infection in experimental sheep. PMID- 6606418 TI - Complement allotyping in SLE: association with C4A null. AB - Immunogenetic factors are important in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and deficiency of a number of complement components is often associated with a lupus like illness. The complement components Bf, C2 and C4 are encoded within the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and are polymorphic. A study of HLA and Bf and C4 polymorphism in 43 patients with SLE was undertaken firstly, to determine whether partial deficiency of C2 and C4 may predispose to disease and secondly, because it may allow the better definition of important supratypes associated with the disease and which may include the relevant disease gene(s). An increased frequency of C4A null alleles has been shown in SLE, with a minimal estimated C4A null gene frequency of 0.32 versus 0.20, but no case of partial C2 deficiency was identified. These results may indicate a direct role for partial C4 deficiency or that C4A null may be a marker for an important supratype which includes the relevant disease gene(s). PMID- 6606421 TI - Comparison of single dose with a 5-day course of co-trimoxazole for asymptomatic (covert) bacteriuria of pregnancy. AB - Forty-four pregnant women with covert (asymptomatic) bacteriuria proven by suprapubic bladder aspiration were randomly allocated to treatment with either a single 1.92g dose or a standard 5-day course of co-trimoxazole. Twenty-one of 24 women were cured with a single dose. Seven of these 21 women were reinfected later in the pregnancy. All 20 women treated with a 5-day course of co trimoxazole were cured, and 2 became reinfected later in the pregnancy. There were no side-effects of treatment, and no detrimental effects on the outcome of pregnancy. Single dose therapy should be considered as the treatment of choice for covert bacteriuria in pregnancy. PMID- 6606420 TI - Physiologic basis of blood loss during Eimeria tenella infection. AB - Eimeria tenella-induced hemorrhage resulted in total blood losses of up to 10% of the body weight. Although packed cell volume was reduced 50%, neither plasma volume nor blood volume was significantly decreased, except briefly. The retention of lost blood in the ceca varied with the strain of E. tenella. Chicks infected with laboratory strain (L.S.) 24 passed most of the blood into the feces, whereas those infected with L.S. 49 retained most of the blood within the ceca. PMID- 6606422 TI - Coronary bypass surgery: military aviation medicine perspective. AB - Close examination of medical and surgical literature shows that significant proportions of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery do not achieve an angina-free state; of those who do, a large proportion will relapse over the ensuing 4-6 years. It is apparent from the literature that coronary bypass surgery does not reverse the underlying processes of atherosclerosis. Therefore, aviators who have undergone this surgery are at increased risk for angina and other unpredictable coronary events and should not be favorably considered for continued military flying duties. PMID- 6606423 TI - Mixed function oxidase enzymes in human normal granulocytes and chronic myeloid leukemia cells. I. Detection and estimation. AB - Subcellular fractions prepared from human normal granulocytes and leukemic cells from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), were examined for 7 ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activity as well as cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b5 contents. The average 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activity was found to be significantly increased in all the fractions of CML cells when compared to the corresponding fractions of the normal granulocytes. The CML cells also differed from the normal cells by exhibiting decreased levels of both cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b5. Examination of the microsomal and cytosolic fractions of both normal granulocytes and CML cells showed distribution of 7-ethoxycoumarin O deethylase, cytochrome P-450, and cytochrome b5 in both the fractions. Such distribution seems to be unique for human leukocytes. Solubilization of protein in the postmitochondrial (S1) fractions of both the cell types with sodium cholate in the presence of 20% glycerol and further fractionation with 10% polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG-6000) yielded a partially purified preparation with enriched 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activity and cytochrome P-450 as well as cytochrome b5 contents. PMID- 6606424 TI - [Effect of Faustan (diazepam) on the normal and myotonically reacting frog skeletal muscle]. AB - The antimyotonic effect of Faustan (diazepam) was investigated in the experimentally induced myotonia by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D). The results show that Faustan does not improve the myotonic phenomena. Neither was the fall in membrane potential prevented nor were the myotonic muscle fiber changes of 2,4-D and had in its turn a depressive influence on the muscle. Depending on the concentration the drug developed a more depressive effect on the mechanical reaction than the electrical activity. These findings are compared with the results described in the relevant literature and are discussed in connection with the inhibition of electro-mechanical coupling. PMID- 6606425 TI - The isolation of a clone for human alpha 1-antitrypsin and the detection of alpha 1-antitrypsin in mRNA from liver and leukocytes. AB - A recombinant clone containing an insert complementary to alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) mRNA has been isolated from a human adult liver cDNA library. The clone was selected by direct screening of recombinants with a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide 17 bases in length corresponding to the known partial DNA sequence of the gene. The insert size of the clone is 250 base pairs. The DNA sequence of the clone has been determined and agrees with the published partial DNA sequence. There is one nucleotide difference from the published sequence, causing a single amino acid change at position 376 where aspartate replaces glutamate. The clone has been used to detect alpha 1-AT mRNA sequences in human liver and in a mixed leukocyte population containing monocytes and lymphocytes. A single mRNA approximately 1,400 nucleotides in length is observed in both leukocytes and liver. Leukocytes contain only 0.15% as much alpha 1-AT mRNA as liver. PMID- 6606426 TI - Resolution and characterization of calcium/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase and H4 protease-activated protein kinase activities in lymphoid cells. AB - The calcium/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (PKC) and the H4 protease activated protein kinase (H4PK) from lymphosarcoma cells were separated by CM Sephadex chromatography. PKC activity was increased 10-fold in the presence of calcium and phosphatidylserine, but no activation by Mg+2-ATP preincubation or inhibition by NaF was observed. In contrast, H4PK activity was increased 8-fold by preincubation with Mg+2ATP and NaF completely inhibited this enzyme. Activators and inhibitors of PKC did not affect H4PK activity. The substrate specificity of the H4PK and PKC also differed substantially. On the basis of these data it is concluded that PKC and H4PK are not related enzymes. PMID- 6606427 TI - Androgen stimulated elevation in androgen receptor levels is inhibited by the synthetic glucocorticoid triamcinolone acetonide. AB - Two cloned tumor cell lines derived from the rat prostate and hamster ductus deferens contain receptors for androgens and glucocorticoids. Androgens increase both the rate of proliferation in these cells and induce a doubling in the number of androgen receptors within 6 hours. This elevation in androgen receptors is dependent on protein synthesis. The glucocorticoid triamcinolone acetonide specifically inhibits both these androgen mediated events without altering the equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) of the androgen receptor for either [3H] methyltrienolone (Kd = 0.46 nM) or [3H]-dihydrotestosterone (Kd = 0.2 nM). These observations infer that androgen receptor up-regulation is an important facet of androgen action which may be modulated by glucocorticoids. PMID- 6606428 TI - Posttranslational modification of human T-cell growth factor. AB - Amino-terminal sequence analysis of human T-cell growth factor indicated that the amino acid in position 3 of the polypeptide chain was modified. Examination of the N-terminal octapeptide using the amino acid analyzer and mass spectrometry demonstrated that position 3 was a threonine which was linked to N-acetyl-D galactosamine. This site of glycosylation is of practical significance since it appears to play a role in the selectivity of a monoclonal antibody for the factor. PMID- 6606429 TI - Regulation of rat liver microsomal cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase by MgATP: effect of pH. AB - Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase when assayed under conditions that favour phosphorylation can be activated or inactivated by MgATP, depending on ATP concentration and the pH of the incubation medium. Maximum stimulation of 7 alpha hydroxylase was obtained with 0.5 mM ATP in both acidic and alkaline pH. At a pH lower than 7.4, 7 alpha-hydroxylase was inactivated by 2.0 and 3.0 mM MgATP. The inactivation by 3 mM MgATP was significantly greater at pH 6.7 than pH 7.4. Protein kinases enhanced these effects, suggesting covalent modification of the enzyme by phosphorylation. These findings are consistent with a protein kinase catalyzed phosphorylation, and suggest that MgATP may have a dual role in the activation and inactivation of 7 alpha-hydroxylase in vivo. PMID- 6606430 TI - 7-Ethoxycoumarin O-de-ethylase activity in rat brain microsomes. PMID- 6606431 TI - Genetic differences between B27 positive patients with ankylosing spondylitis and B27 positive healthy controls. AB - In a controlled study of the 499 available first degree relatives of 79 consecutive HLA-B27 positive patients with ankylosing spondylitis and 69 HLA-B27 positive healthy blood donors, 19 cases of ankylosing spondylitis were found: 16 (15 B27 positive) among the 282 relatives of the patients with ankylosing spondylitis, and 3 (1 B27 positive, 1 B27 negative, 1 unknown) among the 217 relatives of healthy donors (chi c2 = 5.11; P less than 0.025). However, if all cases of possible spondylarthritis are included, 48 cases of ankylosing spondylitis were found: 37 of 282 relatives of patients with ankylosing spondylitis and 11 of 217 relatives of healthy donors (chi c2 = 8.29; P less than 0.01). Assuming that 50% of relatives of B27 positive individuals carry this antigen, 15 of 142 (10.6%) B27 positive relatives of patients and 2 of 108 (1.9%) B27 positive relatives of healthy subjects (chi c2 = 5.91; P less than 0.025) have ankylosing spondylitis. The relative risk of spondylarthropathy for B27 positive relatives of B27 positive patients compared with relatives of B27 positive healthy subjects is 5.6. Assuming all subjects were evaluated in a similar manner, analysis of these data suggests genetic differences between B27 positive diseased individuals and B27 positive healthy subjects. PMID- 6606432 TI - Decrease of the OKT8 positive T cell subset in polymyalgia rheumatica. Lack of correlation with disease activity. AB - Peripheral T cell populations were investigated in 35 patients suffering from polymyalgia rheumatica. The total number of T cells was low compared with those of a control group of similar age (P less than 10(-3). This decrease was demonstrated by using both classic E-rosette and monoclonal antibody techniques (OKT3, and OKT4 + OKT8) and was shown to be secondary to a selective T8 defect (P less than 10(-9). There was no correlation between the decrease in T8 (a cytotoxic suppressor T cell subset) and steroid therapy, disease activity, and temporal arteritis, nor between this decrease and the T gamma percentage and the presence of circulating immune complexes (CIC). The T gamma cell percentage was low in the patient group (P less than 10(-5) and correlated with the presence of detectable CIC (P less than 0.05). In contrast to the T8 and T gamma defects, concanavalin A-stimulated cells from 5 selected patients were found capable of suppressing in vitro anti-trinitrophenyl response. This suppression was found in both autologous and allogeneic experiments. From these data one can assume that an immune anomaly (T8 defect) could be the origin of CIC and the disease occurrence. PMID- 6606433 TI - Anti-Fab' antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. Measurement of the relative quantities incorporated in soluble immune complexes in sera and supernatants from cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - High levels of anti-immunoglobulins that react with Fab' fragments of IgG have been observed in sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To determine how much of these anti-Fab' antibodies are incorporated within immune complexes (IC), we added 125I-Fab' to sera and then measured the amount of labeled Fab' that could be precipitated by adding polyethylene glycol (PEG). Sera were either maintained at neutral pH during this procedure or acidified (pH 3) to dissociate IC. Acidification permitted the 125I-Fab' an equal chance to compete with other endogenous antigens for anti-Fab' antibodies, once excess hydrogen ion was removed. Quantities of anti-Fab' in sera of 20 seropositive RA patients were greater than in sera of 43 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, as measured by this assay and by a solid phase radioimmunoassay. However, significantly less anti-Fab' antibody was incorporated in ICs in the RA patients' sera. Supernatants from cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes of RA patients also contained relatively more "free" and less "hidden" anti-Fab' than culture supernatants from controls. Thus there appear to be qualitative as well as quantitative differences in the anti-Fab' antibodies synthesized by RA patients. This may reflect different proportions of IgM and IgG anti-Fab' in their sera, differences in the average avidity of these antibodies, or differences in the reciprocal relationships within the idiotypic network that result in release of antibodies by certain antibody-producing cells, but not by clones that produce complementary idiotypes. PMID- 6606434 TI - [Electrical stimulation of the posterior limb of the internal capsule for treatment of thalamic pain]. AB - Electrical stimulation of the posterior limb of the internal capsule was performed in six patients with central pain due to vascular lesions of the thalamus. Three patients suffered from thalamic hemorrhage and the other three from ischemic insult. These patients developed dysesthesia, hyperpathia and spontaneous burning pain several months after cerebral vascular diseases. These severe pain were not relieved by any trials of anticonvulsants, psychopharmacological and analgesic drugs. Stimulating electrode system manufactured by Medtronic, Co. was implanted stereo-taxically in the posterior limb of the internal capsule which was 25 mm lateral to the posterior commissure. Ramped bipolar stimulation with a square pulse 2-3 V, 0.2 msec, 50 Hz elicited sensory response such as warm or comfortable sensation. Satisfactory relief of pain was obtained in most cases by 30-minutes-long stimulation twice or three times a day for various period of time ranging from 10 to 14 days. Long-term follow-up ranging from three months to two years showed that three patients had a good result (incomplete pain relief by stimulator with no medication required), two had a fair (incomplete pain relief by stimulator with decreased doses of medication) and another one had a poor result in which the pain had not been relieved with the stimulation in one month. No remarkable side effects were seen. These results indicate that the internal capsule stimulation is more effective and lasts longer than the various ablative methods to relieve central pain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6606435 TI - [Cerebellopontile angle epidermoid presenting as hemifacial spasm]. AB - A rare case of CP angle epidermoid presenting as hemifacial spasm was reported. The patient was a 48-year-old woman with left hemifacial spasm of 4 years duration. Preoperative CT films showed some low density area in the left CP angle, however, this finding was thought to be within normal variation. The diagnosis of CP angle epidermoid was made at the time of craniectomy aimed for microvascular decompression. The epidermoid was extending from the lower cranial nerves up to the midbrain level and successfully removed with the same craniectomy opening. Postoperative follow up during 16 months period disclosed complete disappearance of hemifacial spasm and no other neurological deficit. So far, the authors have experienced 425 cases of microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm and there was only 1 case in whom a CP angle epidermoid was found (0.24%). A review of the literature revealed that hemifacial spasm due to CP angle epidermoid was very rare (1.2%). It was also reported that if there is CP angle epidermoid, hemifacial spasm may appear in the incidence of 7.7-10%. A possibility of CP angle epidermoid should be kept in mind when performing microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm particularly in younger patients. PMID- 6606436 TI - [Case of histiocytosis X with a large intracranial mass]. AB - The authors experienced a case of histiocytosis X with a large intracranial mass resulting in a convulsive seizure. The patient showed left exophthalmos and a skin rash one year and two months after birth. Histiocytosis X was diagnosed from a skin biopsy, and predonine, endoxan and vincristine were administered. The rash disappeared, but the exophthalmos remained. At the age of two years and nine months, punched-out lesions appeared in the skull and 4,000 rads of radiation was applied. Thereafter, the exopthalmos persisted but there was no particular problem in the course. However, a convulsive seizure with fever suddenly appeared at nine years and ten months of age and the patient was hospitalized. At the time of admission, the general condition was good and there were no abnormalities in neurological tests. In neuroradiological examinations, a calcified and poorly vascularized mass 8 cm in maximum diameter was found to occupy the left middle cranial fossa. Chondrosarcoma was strongly suspected from these findings, but there was also symmetrical thickening of bone cortex in the peripheries of the long bones of the extremeties which appeared to be the recovery process from bone destruction caused by histiocytosis X. Therefore, the formation of an intracranial mass by histiocytosis X was diagnosed and surgery was performed. When left osteoplastic fronto-temporal craniotomy was performed, the mass was found to be raising the temporal lobe and it could be easily separated from the surrounding tissue. However, these was firm adherence to dura mater of the middle cranial fossa (especially that of the superior orbital fissure). Histologically, there were many cells with small nuclei, no polymorphism, abundant and clear cytoplasm which were darkly stained and slightly atypic. These findings matched those for histiocytosis X. Cases of histiocytosis X rarely show symptoms of the central nervous system or infiltration of the central nervous system. Only 31 such cases were seen in the literature investigated by the authors. Neurological symptoms include pyramidal symptoms such as hemiparesis and impairment of the cranial nerves, particularly paresis of the optic, trigeminal, facial and acoustic nerves. Convulsive seizures were seen in only five cases including the one reported here. It is also rare for intracranial masses to be formed in cases of histiocytosis X and only six cases, including the authors', have been found with masses of a maximum diameter of more than 5 cm. PMID- 6606437 TI - Posterior chamber intraocular lenses at the Wilmer Institute: a comparative analysis of complications and visual results. AB - Intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is now accepted as the most effective means of aphakic correction in selected patients undergoing cataract surgery. In terms of final rehabilitation, however, complications such as corneal oedema, retinal detachment, and cystoid macular oedema remain problematic. Results of prospective concurrent trials of IOL implantation performed at the Wilmer Institute are presented, with particular reference to the posterior chamber intraocular lens and with specific emphasis on postoperative complications. PMID- 6606438 TI - Sequence homology between human alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and antithrombin III. AB - alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin mRNA was isolated by specific polysome immunoprecipitation from turpentine-treated baboon liver. The highly enriched mRNA was used for synthesis and cloning of the corresponding cDNA. Baboon alpha 1 antichymotrypsin cDNA clones were identified by hybrid-selected translation, and the insert DNA fragment from one of the putative clones was used as a probe to screen a human liver cDNA library comprised of 40 000 independent transformants. One of the human cDNA clones was unambiguously identified to contain alpha 1 antichymotrypsin DNA sequences by comparison of its 5'-terminal nucleotide sequence with the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the protein. This cDNA clone, designated phACT235, contains 1524 base pairs of human DNA, which was sequenced in its entirety. The inserted DNA codes for a 25 amino acid signal peptide sequence and the entire mature alpha 1-antichymotrypsin of 408 amino acid residues. Comparison of the amino acid sequence of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin with that of the human alpha 1-antitrypsin has revealed a homology level similar to that between chymotrypsin and trypsin. PMID- 6606440 TI - [Ultrastructure of the acoustic papillae in the inner ear of Rana temporaria L]. AB - With the help of light and scanning microscopy the receptive apparatus of two acoustic papillas (papilla basilaris and p. amphibiorum) of brown frog has been compared. It has been shown that the hair cells of p. amphibiorum are more numerous and some of them differ from those of p. basilaris by the character of arrangement, number of stereocilia and surrounding them supporting cells--by their greater size and density of microvilli. PMID- 6606439 TI - Measurement of antibody-dependent binding, proteolysis, and turnover of C1s on liposomal antigens localizes the fluidity-dependent step in C1 activation. AB - The antibody-dependent binding and activation of the first component of human complement (C1) by liposomes containing nitroxide spin-label lipid haptens have been simultaneously measured. The liposomes were either fluid (dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine) or solid (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine) at the temperature of the experiments (32 degrees C). In 10 minutes fluid liposomes activate 40% of the C1 whereas solid liposomes only activate 10% of the C1. The fraction of C1 bound at the end of the activation incubation is approx. 2% for fluid liposomes and approx. 4% for solid liposomes. This binding is consistent with the relative amounts of antibody which bind to these two types of liposomes. These results demonstrate turnover of C1 or C1r2s2 on the liposome surface. It is concluded that the differential activation of C1 is due to a difference in the rate of activation of C1 after it is bound to the liposome surface. Lower limits for the activation rate constant for C1 bound to fluid and solid liposomes are estimated to be 8 X 10(-2) s-1 and 1 X 10(-2) s-1, respectively. PMID- 6606441 TI - [Nature of the improvement in the modulating influences of the forebrain on cardiac reflexes in a number of vertebrates]. AB - The analysis of different classes of vertebrates--fish, amphibian and mammalia testifies the forebrain ability to show multidirectional modulating influences on cardiac reflexes already at the early stages of phylogenesis. The perfection of these influences takes place during the phylogenesis. This perfection consists in the appearance of aftereffect and in the increase of aftereffect time. The presence of aftereffect increases the regulatory ability of forebrain. The increase of aftereffect time indicates the tonic character of this regulatory form. PMID- 6606442 TI - Selective deficiency of OKT4+ lymphocytes in a child with combined immunodeficiency. PMID- 6606443 TI - T-cell subsets and natural killer cells in DiGeorge and SCID patients. PMID- 6606444 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of severe combined immunodeficiency and X-linked agammaglobulinemia. PMID- 6606445 TI - Demonstration of abnormalities in expression of thymic epithelial surface antigens in severe cellular immunodeficiency diseases. PMID- 6606446 TI - The human fetus and newborn: development of the immune response. AB - Maturation of the immune system starts early in fetal life. Lymphocytes of the B series develop in the liver by 9 weeks' gestation and are present in the blood and spleen by 12 weeks. T lymphocytes start to leave the thymus from about 14 weeks' gestation and subsequently cells with helper and suppressor phenotypes are present in the spleen. The relative lack of development of secondary lymphoid tissues in healthy fetuses most probably reflects the lack of antigen stimulus. Newborn plasma contains adult levels of IgG which is acquired across the placenta from the mother. The small amounts of IgM (less than 20 mg/dL) which are normally present in healthy newborns have been reported to include antibody with specificity for maternal lymphocytes. IgA synthesis normally starts in the secretory immune system, about 2-3 weeks after birth. Poor antibody responses by newborns following immunization, especially with bacterial capsular polysaccharides, suggest that newborn immune responses are immature as compared with adults. The susceptibility of newborns to severe HSV and VZV supports this view. In vitro correlates of this immaturity include 1) deficiency of the response by newborn B cells to polyclonal activators, and 2) a lack of T cells which proliferate in HSV- or VZV-stimulated cultures. These characteristics more likely result from a lack of prior antigen stimulation and resulting clonal expansion than from intrinsic lymphocyte suppression. Antigen handling by newborn monocytes, in contrast, appears to be mature by the time of birth. PMID- 6606447 TI - T-cell cytotoxicity and chemiluminescence abnormalities in newborns and chronic granulomatous disease. PMID- 6606448 TI - Hereditary orotic aciduria: a defect of pyrimidine metabolism with cellular immunodeficiency. PMID- 6606449 TI - Primary immunodeficiency diseases. Scientific Group on Immunodeficiency, WHO. PMID- 6606450 TI - Human T-cell hybridomas secreting factors for B-cell differentiation and proliferation. PMID- 6606451 TI - The bare lymphocyte syndrome: immunodeficiency resulting from the lack of expression of HLA antigens. PMID- 6606452 TI - GPL-115 deficiency: a new class of immunodeficiencies. PMID- 6606453 TI - Reduced tocopherol content of B cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - The tocopherol content of lymphocytes, erythrocytes, and plasma from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and normal subjects was measured by a sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic method. Lymphocytes from patients with CLL had lower values of tocopherol (1.7 +/ 1.0 micrograms/10(9) cells) than lymphocytes from normal subjects (3.8 +/- 0.7 micrograms/10(9) cells). Mononuclear cells from patients with HCL had an increased tocopherol content of 6.2 +/- 1.0 micrograms/10(9) cells. Subfractionation of the lymphocytes from patients with CLL into T- and B-cell subgroups showed that the tocopherol content of T cells was the same as in normal subjects (4.1 +/- 0.5 micrograms/10(9) cells versus 3.5 +/- 1.2), but that the tocopherol content of the B cells was markedly reduced compared to normals (2.6 +/- 1.0 versus 6.0 +/- 1.3). PMID- 6606454 TI - Amidolytic assay of human factor XI in plasma: comparison with a coagulant assay and a new rapid radioimmunoassay. AB - The traditional coagulant assay for plasma factor XI suffers from a relatively high coefficient of variation, the need for rare congenitally deficient plasma, and a poor correlation between precision and sensitivity. We have developed a simple functional amidolytic assay for factor XI in plasma using the chromogenic substrate PyrGlu-Pro-Arg-p-nitroanilide (S-2366). After inactivation of alpha 1 antitrypsin, CI inhibitor, and other plasma protease inhibitors with CHCI3, plasma was incubated with kaolin, in the absence of added calcium, which limited the enzymes formed to those dependent on contact activation. Soybean trypsin inhibitor was used to minimize the action of kallikrein on the substrate. Once the reaction was complete, corn trypsin inhibitor was used to inactive factor XIIa, the enzyme generated by exposure of plasma to negatively charged surfaces, which had activated the factor XI. The assay is highly specific for factor XI, since plasma totally deficient in that zymogen yielded only 1%-3% of the enzymatic activity in normal plasma under identical conditions. The requirements for complete conversion of factor XI to XIa in plasma within 60 min were, respectively, factor XII, 0.6 U/ml, and high molecular weight kininogen, 0.2 U/ml. Prekallikrein was not an absolute requirement for complete activation but did accelerate the reaction. The intraassay coefficient of variation was 3.4%, and the mean of 35 normal plasmas was 1.00 U +/- 0.24 SD. In addition, a new rapid radioimmunoassay was devised using staphylococcal protein A as the precipitating agent for a complex of factor XI antigen with monospecific rabbit antibody. The mean was 1.01 U +/- 0.30 SD. The correlation coefficients for amidolytic versus coagulant and amidolytic versus radioimmunoassay were r = 0.95 for the former and 0.96 for the latter. Thus, a simple, accurate amidolytic assay and a radioimmunoassay have been devised for measuring factor XI in plasma that correlate well with the coagulant activity of factor XI, as determined in our laboratory. PMID- 6606456 TI - Suppression of PHA-induced human T-lymphocyte colony formation following in vivo administration of anti-lymphocyte globulin. Report of one case. AB - The administration of anti-lymphocyte globulin in a patient with pure red cell aplasia completely abrogated the PHA-induced T colony forming capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The possible mechanisms of the ALG-induced suppression are discussed. It is proposed that T-colony assays may represent an useful tool for monitoring some effects of immunosuppressive drugs on T cells. PMID- 6606455 TI - Phenotypic heterogeneity of leukemic Sezary cells. AB - Leukemic blood cells from eight patients with Sezary's syndrome were analyzed for enzyme cytochemical features, Fc receptors, and surface phenotype. Enzyme cytochemically the cases were heterogeneous in their activity of acid esterase, acid phosphatase and dipeptidylaminopeptidase IV (DAP IV). Only one case showed positive staining for DAP IV. The expression of Fc receptors for IgG and IgM also varied. The DAP IV-positive case exhibited Fc mu receptors. In contrast, four other cases showed only Fc gamma receptors. Analysis of the surface antigen pattern of Sezary cells with monoclonal antibodies revealed the phenotype of helper T lymphocytes (Leu-3 a/OKT4+) in all but one case. The Leu-3 a/OKT4 negative case showed a phenotypic feature of natural killer cells (Leu-7+). The results obtained with the antibodies TU14 and Anti-human Lyt-1 were more heterogeneous. The heterogeneity of Sezary cells may be interpreted as a sign of differences in functional differentiation or of proliferation of different T-cell subclones. PMID- 6606457 TI - Purification and properties of a new beta-lactamase from Streptomyces UCSM-104. AB - Extracellular beta-lactamase was produced in larger amounts by Streptomyces UCSM 104 than by Streptomyces albus G or strains R-39 and K-11. The anionic character displayed by the enzyme from Streptomyces USCM-104 on DEAE-cellulose chromatography was consistent with its mobility in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This beta-lactamase is a low molecular weight (14,800) globular protein having approximately 124 amino acid residues. The enzyme behaved as a penicillinase toward several substrates studied, being most active on benzylpenicillin and ampicillin. On the other hand, it was inhibited by methicillin and cloxacillin, which behaved as competitive inhibitors for the hydrolysis of benzylpenicillin and cephaloridine. PMID- 6606458 TI - A dream after cardiac surgery. PMID- 6606459 TI - Comparative effects of cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole), pyrimethamine-sulphadiazine and spiramycin during avirulent infection with Toxoplasma gondii (Beverley strain) in mice. AB - The antitoxoplasm effects of cotrimoxazole (Ctx), spiramycin (Spir) and pyrimethamine-sulphadiazine (Pmm-Sdz) were compared during both proliferative and chronic phases of infection of mice with the Beverley (Bev) strain of Toxoplasma gondii of low virulence. The therapeutic efficacy of the drugs was determined according to the following criteria: (i) specific antibody response; (ii) acquired resistance to lethal challenge with the virulent RH strain of Toxoplasma; and (iii) persistence of parasites in tissues (brain, liver, spleen) of treated mice. The results indicated that Ctx, like Pmm-Sdz, had a greater effect than Spir upon toxoplasma organisms during the proliferative phase of infection. In contrast, none of the three drugs tested was active against tissue cysts in chronically infected mice. PMID- 6606461 TI - Pathogenesis of HLA-B27 associated diseases. Proceedings of an international symposium held at The Middlesex Hospital, 12-13 April 1983. PMID- 6606462 TI - Genetic studies in ankylosing spondylitis. AB - It is likely that ankylosing spondylitis is genetically heterogeneous. The evidence favours the gene for HLA-B27 being the major genetic factor responsible for susceptibility. The finding of a greater prevalence of disease in B27 positive first-degree male relatives of probands than in random B27 positive controls, suggests the existence of other genes for susceptibility, possibly HLA linked. PMID- 6606460 TI - Antidepressant treatments: effects in rodents on dose-response curves of 5 hydroxytryptamine- and dopamine-mediated behaviours and 5-HT2 receptor number in frontal cortex. AB - The effects of repeated electroconvulsive shock (ECS) administration, repeated desmethylimipramine injection (5 mg kg-1, twice daily for 14 days) and acute administration of the beta-adrenoceptor, clenbuterol, on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5 HT)- and dopamine-mediated behaviours in mice have been examined. All three treatments enhanced the carbidopa/5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP)-induced head-twitch response at all doses of 5-HTP examined, producing a parallel shift in the dose response curve. A single ECS administration or single dose of desmethylimipramine had no effect. Only repeated ECS enhanced the locomotor response to injection of apomorphine. The dose-response curve shift was not parallel. A single ECS had no effect. A 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of brain dopamine terminals also enhanced the apomorphine response, but again did not produce a parallel shift in the dose response curve. Both repeated ECS and repeated desmethylimipramine administration to rats increased the number of 5-HT2 receptor sites in rat brain. Clenbuterol had no effect. The enhancing effects of repeated ECS and clenbuterol administration on the 5-HTP-induced head-twitch response were additive. Enhanced 5-HT-mediated behavioural responses are seen in both mice and rats after these treatments. If it is assumed, therefore, that similar receptor changes occur in both species it appears that there is no relationship in either behavioural system between the ability of the treatment to alter receptor number and the change in the dose-response curve (parallel or non-parallel). All three antidepressant treatments (ECS, a tricyclic and a beta-adrenoceptor agonist) increase 5-HT-mediated behavioural responses although clenbuterol did not increase 5-HT2 receptor number. Only ECS increased dopamine-mediated responses. PMID- 6606464 TI - Increased frequency of HLA-Bw35 CREG antigens in HLA-B27 negative ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 6606463 TI - B7-CREG and ankylosing spondylitis. AB - The distribution of HLA alleles in B27 negative AS and Reiter's syndrome patients is reviewed. Some groups have reported an increased incidence of B7-CREG antigens (B7, B22 and B40) in B27 negative Caucasian AS patients, but we could not confirm these results, although an increased incidence of B7 was found in our B27 negative American Black patients with AS. Studies with larger numbers of B27 negative AS patients of various racial groups are needed to establish clearly if there is an association with B7-CREG antigens. PMID- 6606465 TI - Ankylosing spondylitis syndrome in patients without HLA-B27. AB - We wish to present in this paper the main clinical, roentgenological and immunogenetic characteristics of our patients with the ankylosing spondylitis syndrome, who do not possess the HLA-B27 antigen. Of 553 patients permanently treated in the Ward for Rheumatic Diseases of the Medical Faculty in Zagreb, 16 patients (7 women and 9 men) have been found who do not have the HLA-B27 antigen. Their average age was 39.6 (men: 46; women: 33; range: 25-66) years. The diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis had been made on the basis of the Rome criteria (1) and that of sacroiliitis on the criteria of Hart and Robinson (2). HLA antigens were determined on the peripheral blood lymphocytes using the microcytotoxic test according to Terasaki and McClelland (3). PMID- 6606466 TI - Possible ankylosing spondylitis in acute anterior uveitis. AB - HLA-B27 typing of 103 acute anterior uveitis (AAU) patients showed that 49 (48%) were positive for this antigen. Of these HLA-B27 positive AAU patients, 27 (55%) had ankylosing spondylitis (AS) according to the New York criteria. The 22 HLA B27 positive AAU patients without AS, however, also showed symptoms and signs of AS. Seventeen (77%) of these 22 HLA-B27 positive AS negative AAU patients fulfilled a set of criteria for classification as possible AS. In the group of 54 HLA-B27 negative AAU patients, only two patients (4%) had AS. Of the remaining 52 patients only seven (13%) had possible AS. Of the 21 patients having posterior uveitis (PU) none was HLA-B27 positive nor met the criteria for AS or possible AS. These findings indicate a strong relationship between AAU, AS or possible AS and HLA-B27 and suggest that HLA-B27 typing in AAU patients is important for early diagnosis of AS. PMID- 6606467 TI - Acute anterior uveitis (AAU) and HLA-B27. AB - A group of 30 consecutive HLA-B27 positive acute anterior uveitis (AAU) patients was compared to 30 consecutive HLA-B27 negative AAU patients. The B27 positive group was characterized by male preponderance, earlier age of onset, unilateral uveitis and favourable outcome with therapy. It is concluded that HLA-B27 typing is a useful diagnostic discriminant in AAU. PMID- 6606468 TI - Is uveitis associated with ankylosing spondylitis or with HLA-B27? AB - Acute anterior uveitis (AAU) is more often seen in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients with severe disease than in HLA-B27 positive relatives with or without sacroiliitis. Possibly the prevalence of AAU is associated with the severity of AS. PMID- 6606469 TI - Acute anterior uveitis: a model for HLA-B27 associated diseases. PMID- 6606470 TI - Neutrophil function and HLA-B27. AB - The pathogenesis of HLA-B27 linked diseases, including reactive enteroarthritides, is not known. Differences in immune response, cross-reaction between microbial antigens and host cell structures, attachment of microbial components on the host cell surfaces with subsequent autoimmune reaction, and inflammatory responsiveness of the host may be involved. In this contribution we present evidence to show that HLA-B27 positive subjects may be prone to an exaggerated inflammatory response, as compared with HLA-B27 negative subjects. PMID- 6606471 TI - HLA-B27, ankylosing spondylitis and polymorph motility. AB - Polymorphonuclear leucocyte functions were tested in 29 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Twenty of these were HLA-B27 positive and 9 B27 negative. Thirty matched controls were also studied and of these, 15 were B27 negative. Random and directed cell migration were measured both by migration through a micropore filter and also by migration under an agar film. The attractant was serum activated either by casein or by zymosan. By both techniques, directed motility (chemotaxis) was increased in subjects with B27 and/or AS when compared with the B27 negative controls. This suggests that the disease AS and the possession of B27 are both associated with increased chemotaxis. PMID- 6606472 TI - The risk of developing ankylosing spondylitis in HLA-B27 positive individuals: a family and population study. AB - In a family study, sacroiliitis was found in 15 (25%) out of 61 HLA-B27 positive first-degree relatives (FDR) of 20 randomly chosen HLA-B27 positive ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients and never in 41 HLA-B27 negative FDR. Eight (53%) of the 15 FDR with sacroiliitis fulfilled the New York criteria for AS. In the population study the prevalence of HLA-B27 positive AS was found to be 0.1%. AS will develop in 1.3% of all HLA-B27 positive individuals belonging to the general population. PMID- 6606473 TI - Pathogenesis of seronegative arthritis. AB - The concept of seronegative spondarthritis, linking several diseases around ankylosing spondylitis, has received considerable clinical and genetic support, especially through the discovery of a high frequency of HLA-B27 in these disorders. Exogenous factors would appear to be responsible for some manifestations of the disease, but the role of Klebsiella micro-organisms is equivocal, and dietary control does not affect clinical manifestations. Increased serum and salivary IgA antibodies in active ankylosing spondylitis patients tend to suggest that IgA may act as an acute-phase reactant. PMID- 6606474 TI - Yersinia arthritis in the Midlands: clinical and immunological features in ten cases during 1980-1983. AB - Ten cases of Yersinia arthritis, nine of whom were known to be B27 positive were seen in the Midlands between 1980 and 1983. Diagnostic difficulty arose in four cases owing to unusual form of presentation or course. Two of the cases studied during the acute phase showed a marked degree of lymphocyte transformation in the presence of Y. enterocolitica 0:3 in a dose-related form. This does not lend support to the concept of molecular mimicry between the bacterial antigen and the B27 gene product since this would be more likely to result in a diminished response. PMID- 6606475 TI - Gram-negative bacteria and B27 disease. AB - The role of infection in ankylosing spondylitis is speculative and different studies by several groups have yielded conflicting results. The role of infection, however, in reactive arthritis and Reiter's syndrome is well established. The Grampian region has experienced three outbreaks of gastroenteritis, two due to Campylobacter jejuni and one due to Salmonella typhimurium. These outbreaks have allowed a study of reactive arthritis in the affected population following these infections. These studies do not allow accurate estimate of the frequency of reactive arthritis, largely because of difficulties in defining the infected population accurately. They do, however, suggest that in the population milder cases occur than in a population referred to hospital rheumatology clinics. These milder cases have a lower frequency of HLA-B27 than patients seen in a rheumatology clinic and suggest that there may be an association between HLA-B27 and the severity of reactive arthritis. An association between gastroenteritis due to Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella typhimurium and erythema nodosum both with and without arthritis was observed. No difference was detected in the immunoglobulin responses of immunoglobulins A, G and M between patients with reactive arthritis due to Salmonella typhimurium and patients with gastroenteritis alone. PMID- 6606476 TI - Enteric bacteria and HLA-B27 associated cell surface modification in patients with seronegative spondarthritis. AB - Cytotoxic studies indicate cross-reactivity between some enteric organisms and cells obtained from the majority of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Preliminary studies suggest that the factor responsible for cross-reactivity may be generated by a bacterial plasmid. However, the mechanism mediating the interaction between the HLA-B27 positive cell and the bacterial antigen is at present unknown. PMID- 6606477 TI - A comparison between 180 degrees and 360 degrees data reconstruction in single photon emission computed tomography of the liver and spleen. AB - Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of the liver and spleen has been studied using a GE400T/STAR rotating gamma camera/computer system. We have compared section image contrast, in both phantom and patient studies, produced by 180 degrees and 360 degrees reconstructions of data from a full 360 degrees data acquisition. There is little difference in overall image quality between the two reconstruction modalities. Quantitatively, however, appropriate 180 degrees reconstructions significantly improve lesion contrast in both organs by as much as a factor of two. In all cases studied, the values of image contrast achieved when the 180 degrees arc of reconstruction was centred about the region of interest were higher than the values obtained from the 360 degrees reconstructions. These results are shown to be independent of the corrections made for photon attenuation. Clinically this technique may prove useful in clarifying the presence or absence of disease, particularly in equivocal cases where lesions have poor contrast or are small in size. An extended clinical trial of the technique is now in progress. PMID- 6606478 TI - The spatial resolution of a rotating gamma camera tomographic facility. AB - An important feature determining the spatial resolution in transverse sections reconstructed by convolution and back-projection is the frequency filter corresponding to the convolution kernel. Equations have been derived giving the theoretical spatial resolution, for a perfect detector and noise-free data, using four filter functions. Experiments have shown that physical constraints will always limit the resolution that can be achieved with a given system. The experiments indicate that the region of the frequency spectrum between KN/2 and KN where KN is the Nyquist frequency does not contribute significantly to resolution. In order to investigate the physical effect of these filter functions, the spatial resolution of reconstructed images obtained with a GE 400T rotating gamma camera has been measured. The results obtained serve as an aid to choosing appropriate reconstruction filters for use with a rotating gamma camera system. PMID- 6606479 TI - Primary position upbeating nystagmus. A variety of central positional nystagmus. AB - We report a collaborative study of 11 patients with upbeat nystagmus in the primary position of gaze. In most cases the nystagmus behaved in accordance with Alexander's Law; in 3 patients convergence enhanced the nystagmus. Lateral gaze was without effect in 7 instances. Static tilt to prone and supine positions altered the characteristics of the nystagmus in 7 patients. The effects were variable and, in one case, there was reversal of the direction of the nystagmus to downbeating. There was pathological or radiological confirmation of lesions in the pontomedullary junction (2 cases) and the pontomesencephalic junction (2 cases). The findings support previous reports that primary position upbeat nystagmus occurs predominately with intra-axial brainstem lesions. There is one report of its occurrence with an intrinsic cerebellar lesion. Modification of the amplitude of upbeat nystagmus by tilt of the head with respect to gravity in the majority of patients implies an otolith-related component in the genesis of the nystagmus. PMID- 6606480 TI - Vestibular-induced vomiting after vestibulocerebellar lesions. AB - Vestibular stimulation, by means of sinusoidal electrical polarization of the labyrinths of decerebrate cats, can produce vomiting and related activity resembling that seen in motion sickness. The symptoms include panting, salivation, swallowing, and retching as well as vomiting. These symptoms can be produced in cats with lesions of the posterior cerebellar vermis. In contrast to a previous proposal by Wang and Chinn in 1956, we suggest that a transcerebellar pathway from the vestibular apparatus through the nodulus and uvula to the 'vomiting center' is not essential for vestibular-induced vomiting and, by analogy, for the occurrence of many symptoms of motion sickness. PMID- 6606481 TI - Central nervous system effects of corticotropin releasing factor in the dog. AB - Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) given intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) increases mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR), while CRF given intravenously decreases MAP and increases HR. CRF given i.c.v. elevates plasma concentrations of vasopressin and catecholamines. Ganglionic blockade with chlorisondamine prevents CRF-induced increases in MAP; the vasopressin antagonist, [1-deaminopenicillamine,2-(O-methyl)tyrosine]-vasopressin does not alter CRF-induced increases in MAP. In contrast to CRF, angiotensin II (A-II) given i.c.v. increases MAP but decreases HR. IN CONCLUSION: (1) CRF elevation of MAP and HR in dogs is dependent on an intact sympathetic nervous system, and (2) CRF and A-II have different CNS effects on cardiovascular function. PMID- 6606482 TI - Qualitative and quantitative measures of plasticity during the normal development of the Rana pipiens retinotectal projection. AB - We have examined the following aspects of retinal development in the frog, Rana pipiens: (1) the overall pattern of cell addition to the retina; (2) the relative rate of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) accretion; and (3) the changes in RGC density during larval development. In addition, we have studied the development of the retinal projection onto the tectum by means of the anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and measurements of the volume of tectal neuropil at several larval stages and in postmetamorphic frogs. We find that the addition of new cells to the retina of Rana pipiens larva is restricted to the ciliary margin and that this addition is concentric at all larval stages. Additionally, the morphometric measures of retinal and tectal growth, along with the HRP histochemistry, indicate that the retinal projection exhibits considerable plasticity during normal development. The plasticity we observe in normal development may explain why the retinotectal projection can compensate its area and volume in experimental paradigms that effect drastic changes in innervation density. PMID- 6606483 TI - Selective reinnervation of limb muscles by regenerating frog motor axons. AB - The selectivity of reinnervation of limb muscles by the regenerating axons of adult, frog spinal cord motoneurons was determined. Reinnervation patterns were compared following axotomy when the ventral root was crushed or cut. Appropriate peripheral connections were reformed only after a nerve crush. The results suggest that selective reinnervation occurs if alignment of the nerve sheath is maintained. PMID- 6606484 TI - Zonal analysis of cytoplasmic steroid hormone receptor levels: replication and synthetic activity in embryonic calf growth cartilage. AB - Using the dextran charcoal method, a specific steroid receptor for dexamethasone, but not 17 beta-estradiol or 17 alpha-methyltrienolone, was demonstrated in cytosol prepared from mid-gestation fetal calf growth cartilage. Zonal analysis of cytoplasmic receptor levels showed that tissue sections from the center, the peripheral surface, and the palisade section bound 229 +/- 111, 173 +/- 64, and 15 +/- 28 femtomole dexamethasone per mg of protein, respectively. Incorporation of 3H-thymidine, 35S-sulfate, and 3H-proline into cartilaginous tissues was used as an index of replication and synthetic activity. The percentage of 3H-thymidine labeled nuclei, as determined by radioautography, showed that the palisade zone has a significantly lower replicating activity (P less than 0.001). Values were 5.6 +/- 1.2, 5.4 +/- 1.2, 3.8 +/- 1.3, and 1.1 +/- 0.2 for the center, peripheral surface, and upper and lower half of the palisade section. The rate of sulfate and proline incorporation into the palisade zone was over seven times higher than the central and peripheral surface (P less than 0.001). The difference in the rate of matrix synthesis and proliferating activity in these regions may be related to the zonal heterogeneity of receptor levels of glucocorticoids in fetal growth cartilage. PMID- 6606485 TI - Comparative results with various polyclonal B-cell activators in aneuploid chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - The mitotic index and number of abnormal metaphases of cells stimulated with the various B-cell polyclonal mitogens (PBA) in six B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cases were evaluated. The PBA included tetradecanoyl-0-phorbol 13-acetate (TPA), staphylococcus bacterial strain Cowan I (Cowan I), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and lipopolysaccharide W from E. coli 0.55:B5 (LPS). TPA could stimulate only 1 of 12 samples. Even though Cowan I led to a relatively high mitotic index, abnormal clones were inconsistently obtained with this mitogen. PWM, EBV, and LPS appear to be the most desirable activators of B-CLL cells among the PBA used in this study. PMID- 6606486 TI - Clinical significance of cytogenetic findings in untreated patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - The chromosome constitutions of stimulated lymphocytes in 21 untreated cases with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) were examined. So-called polyclonal B cell activators, i.e., pokeweed mitogen, Epstein-Barr virus, and lipopolysaccharide W from E. coli 055:B5, were used. Four out of 21 cases showed abnormal clones with trisomy 12 and were started on therapy shortly after the diagnosis and cytogenetic examination. On the other hand, most cases without abnormal clones had not received treatment for relatively long periods before and after cytogenetic examination. These findings may indicate that cytogenetic results can be utilized as a parameter for treatment and prognosis in B-CLL. PMID- 6606487 TI - New bone resorption stimulation factor elaborated by a human osteosarcoma cell line. AB - The FM-2 cell line is a cloned, immortalized cell line derived from a human osteosarcoma. Conditioned medium from FM-2 cultures contains a factor which stimulates calcium mobilization from fetal rat bone organ cultures. Treated bones contain increased numbers of osteoclasts and decreased bone matrix. This factor has a molecular weight of approximately 29,000 as determined by gel filtration. Its biological activity is dependent on a protein moiety and is completely inhibited by calcitonin. Its synthesis by the FM-2 line is dependent on cell density and replenishment of fresh medium. This factor is not parathyroid hormone, a vitamin D metabolite, prostaglandin E, epidermal growth factor, or osteoclast-activating factor, all of which have bone-resorbing activities. Also, FM-2-conditioned medium inhibits collagen synthesis in fetal rat calvaria cells and decreases alkaline phosphatase levels in an osteoblastic cell line, and these two properties coelute with the calcium-mobilizing factor from a hydroxylapatite column. These biological products, synthesized by a cell line derived from a tumor, may represent physiological factors normally synthesized by a subpopulation of bone cells. PMID- 6606488 TI - Specific killing of human T-leukemia cells by immunotoxins prepared with ricin A chain and monoclonal anti-human T-cell leukemia antibodies. AB - In this study, immunotoxins containing monoclonal anti-human T-cell leukemia antibodies are shown to be capable of specific killing of human T-leukemia cells in vitro. These immunotoxins were prepared by conjugating ricin A chain (RIA) with our recently generated murine monoclonal antibodies, SN1 and SN2, the latter of which was obtained from a hybridoma clone N6/D11 described previously by Negoro and Seon (Cancer Res., 42: 4259-4262, 1982), directed to two unique human T-cell leukemia antigens. We have shown previously that these monoclonal antibodies do not react with non-T-leukemia cells nor with various normal cells including normal T-cells, thymocytes, and bone marrow cells (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 80: 845, 1983; Cancer Res., 42: 4259, 1982). Control conjugate was also prepared by conjugating RIA with a murine monoclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG), the isotype of which is the same as that of SN1 and SN2, i.e., IgG1-kappa. In initial experiments, the cytotoxic activity of an SN1 IgG:RIA conjugate preparation and the control IgG conjugate preparation against leukemic T-cell lines and normal B-cell lines was tested by two different test procedures, i.e., by measuring direct killing of the cells and by measuring inhibitory activity against protein synthesis in the cells. In each test, the SN1 conjugate showed specific cytotoxic activity against T-leukemia cells, whereas the control conjugate was not cytotoxic against either T-leukemia cells or normal B-cells. Nearly complete killing of T-leukemia cells and inhibition of protein synthesis in T-leukemia cells were observed at the concentrations of 10(-8) to 10(-7) M of the SN1 IgG:RIA conjugate. In subsequent experiments, another preparation of SN1 IgG:RIA conjugate and an SN2 IgG:RIA conjugate preparation were tested individually and together for their inhibitory activity against protein synthesis in T-leukemia cells and control cells. With T-leukemia cells, specific inhibition was observed for both SN1 IgG:RIA and SN2 IgG:RIA. The combined use of these conjugates did not display a synergistic effect. Nevertheless, the combined use of different immunotoxins directed to different antigen molecules will be important in clinical use, since uncultured tumor cells derived freshly from patients, in general, display heterogeneity with respect to the expression of tumor-associated antigens. These immunotoxins may be useful for the in vitro eradication of tumor cells in the bone marrow taken from patients with T-cell leukemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6606489 TI - Cell-specific regulation of the c-myc gene by lymphocyte mitogens and platelet derived growth factor. AB - We show that c-myc is an inducible gene that is regulated by specific growth signals in a cell-cycle-dependent manner. Specifically, agents that initiate the first phase of a proliferative response in lymphocytes (lipopolysaccharide or Concanavalin A) and fibroblasts (platelet-derived growth factor) induce c-myc mRNA. Within one to three hr after the addition of these mitogens to the appropriate cells, c-myc mRNA concentration is increased between 10- and 40-fold. This induction of c-myc mRNA occurs in the presence of cycloheximide and, therefore, does not require the synthesis of new protein species. Consequently, the induction of c-myc mRNA is not secondary to growth. In addition, c-myc mRNA is "superinduced" by the combination of cycloheximide and mitogen, a finding consistent with a model that a labile protein may regulate c-myc levels in these cells. Further, this work suggests a regulatory linkage between the function of two oncogenes--c-myc and c-sis--the latter being the putative structural gene for PDGF. PMID- 6606490 TI - Phytohemagglutinin-induced acquisition of T-cell surface markers by rat bone marrow precursor cells in the absence of the thymic microenvironment. AB - Two monoclonal antibodies specific for different rat T-cell subpopulations, the anti-helper-T-cell antibody, W3/25, and the OX8 suppressor cell antibody were used to investigate lectin-stimulated T-lymphocyte differentiation of F-344 rat bone marrow cells in culture. Cytofluorometric analysis of freshly isolated lymphocytes from thymus and spleen revealed that these tissues contained both W3/25- and OX8-positive populations but differed with respect to the number of cells and receptor density distribution. By contrast, bone marrow-derived lymphocytes exhibited negligible W3/25- or OX8-associated fluorescence. However, several days after stimulation of bone marrow lymphocytes with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), cells appeared bearing these markers. Two-parameter histogram analysis of light scatter measurements with cell surface immunofluorescence indicated that this phenomenon represented the appearance of a new population of cells, presumably mature T cells, bearing an increased density of marker. These findings suggest an induction of differentiation of bone marrow T precursor cells by nonthymic factors (PHA) since lymphocytes lacking mature T-cell marker expression developed this characteristic after several days in culture. PMID- 6606491 TI - Characterization of cytostatic effector lymphocytes during the development of a syngeneic lymphosarcoma in C3H mice: use of monoclonal reagents to identify T cell subsets. AB - The development of the in vitro cytostatic capacity of splenic lymphocyte subpopulations from C3H mice carrying the syngeneic Gardner tumor was examined at different times after intramuscular tumor injection. Most mice died between 3 to 6 weeks after tumor injection, while some rejected their tumors or survived longer than 3 months. Cell separation procedures and monoclonal antibodies against T-cell subsets were used to identify the cells responsible in anti-tumor immunity. Cytostatic capacity against tumor cells developed in the T-cell enriched subpopulation of splenocytes 3 days after tumor injection and was partly abrogated by anti-Lyt-1. Effector function of Lyt-2+ T cells and B cells developed later and peaked at around 10 days after tumor injection. Another cell population with cytostatic capacity which was not blocked by anti-Lyt-1, anti-Lyt 2, or anti-Ly-5 was noted to develop early after tumor injection and lacked both T-cell and B-cell markers ("null"). This subpopulation was eluted with T cells from nylon wool columns and comprised up to 50% of the T-enriched fraction of splenocytes in later stages of tumor growth. An interesting characteristic of these "null" cells was susceptibility to T-cell suppression both in early and later stages of tumor growth except in regressor mice which lacked suppressor T cells. The cytostatic capacity of the "null" cells could be restored either by removal of Thy-1+ cells from the T-enriched fraction by panning, or the addition of anti-Thy-1 or F(ab')2 fragments of anti-Thy-1 to the lymphocyte-tumor reaction mixtures. Most mice examined after 10 days of tumor growth were immunosuppressed to varying degrees. Unseparated splenocytes from these mice were not cytostatic but removal of T cells allowed the B cells to exert their cytostatic capacity. A strong underlying B-cell cytostasis was shown to be present in long survivor mice even though their unseparated spleen cells were only weakly cytostatic. T cells did not play a role in the regression of tumors or long-term survival of tumor bearer mice. Splenocytes from regressor mice were strongly cytostatic, their anti tumor activity residing in the "null" and B-cell populations. PMID- 6606492 TI - Differential effect of monoclonal anti-DR antibody on monocytes in antigen- and mitogen-stimulated responses: mechanism of inhibition and relationship to interleukin 1 secretion. AB - A differential role for DR antigens on monocytes in antigen-stimulated as opposed to mitogen-stimulated human lymphocyte responses has been observed. A monoclonal anti-DR antibody used to treat monocytes caused inhibition of antigen-induced T cell responses and of T-cell-dependent B-cell responses. However, anti-DR antibody treatment of monocytes did not inhibit mitogen-induced responses. Anti DR treatment of monocytes did not induce suppression, as antigen-induced responses could be reconstituted with untreated monocytes. Anti-DR treatment of monocytes did not merely block interleukin 1 (IL-1) secretion since addition of IL-1 could not restore antigen-induced responses. Monoclonal anti-DR antibody did not directly inhibit monocyte secretion of IL-1. DR-negative monocytes, selected by antibody and complement, could not present antigen, even though they were capable of secreting IL-1. Thus, this monoclonal anti-DR antibody sterically blocks antigen presentation by monocytes without induction of suppression or inhibition of IL-1 secretion. Monocyte DR antigens appear essential for stimulation of antigen-induced responses, but DR antigens on monocytes may not be essential for mitogen-stimulated responses and do not appear to be related to the ability of monocytes to secrete IL-1. PMID- 6606493 TI - Human autologous rosette-forming cells. I. Expression of cell surface antigens in relation to age and lymphoid organ distribution. AB - Autologous rosette-forming cells (auto-RFC) were characterized with monoclonal antibodies to various cell surface antigens using a technique combining immunofluorescence and rosette formation. In peripheral blood, auto-RFC were T cells (Leu 1+/OKT3+) the majority being derived from the helper/inducer subset (Leu 3a+/OKT4+). A small proportion of the circulating auto-RFC were Leu 2a+/OKT8+ and virtually none of them bore T10, T6, and DR antigens or peanut agglutinin (PNA) receptors. In the elderly, the percentages of Leu 3a+ auto-RFC increased significantly along with the augmentation of the Leu 3a+ circulating pool. After Con A stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes the autorosette population was expanded and therefore their phenotype was again that of helper cells. In the thymus, high levels of autorosettes are found (30 to 50%). Simple or double labeling of the rosetting cells with various monoclonal antibodies permitted the confirmation of the existence of distinct thymocyte subpopulations and moreover to identify the location of the auto-RFC in the intrathymic differentiation scheme. Nearly 70% of the rosetting cells were derived from common thymocytes, those cells defined by the coexpression of T10, T6, T4, and T8 antigens whether or not they were also stained by OKT3 antibodies. The remaining auto-RFC were found with similar frequency among the T4+ and T8+ mature thymocytes. In the spleen low percentages of auto-RFC were found and the majority resided in the Leu 3a+/OKT4+ population, similarly to peripheral blood autorosettes. Taken together, these data suggest that the expression of autologous erythrocyte receptors is acquired in the thymus and is gradually lost during T-cell maturation. PMID- 6606494 TI - [Colonoscopy in the diagnosis of intestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 6606495 TI - [Ligation of the hypogastric artery--a life-saving procedure in dangerous hemorrhages in obstetrics and gynecology]. PMID- 6606496 TI - [SP-1 glycoprotein and its significance in obstetrics]. PMID- 6606497 TI - Glucuronidation and sulfation of p-nitrophenol in isolated rat hepatocyte subpopulations. Effects of phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene pretreatment. AB - Parenchymal cells, isolated from untreated (control), phenobarbital(PB)-or 3 methylcholanthrene(3-MC)-treated rats, were separated into four subpopulations according to cell density, and glucuronidation and sulfation of p-nitrophenol (PNP) in the hepatocyte subpopulations were investigated. PB enhanced the glucuronidation almost 2-fold but not the sulfation, while 3-MC enhanced both glucuronidation (3-fold) and sulfation (2-fold) in the original cell suspensions. Some gradation trends were found in the conjugation activities among the hepatocyte subpopulations: In the control experiment, the extent of glucuronidation in four subpopulations was virtually the same but sulfation in high-density hepatocytes was slightly higher than in low-density ones. Both glucuronidation and sulfation were higher in low-density hepatocytes from PB treated rats, though the gradation was very modest. Glucuronidation and sulfation tended to be slightly higher in middle-density hepatocytes in the 3-MC experiment. However, no definite correlation in conjugation activities vs. cell density, like those seen in cytochrome P-450s vs. cell density in the hepatocytes isolated from PB-treated rats, were found in the subpopulations from control or inducer-treated rats. Simultaneous studies on acetylation of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) revealed that the activities in the subpopulations were virtually the same and the inducers had little influence on the activity. PMID- 6606498 TI - Nutritional surveillance. AB - The concept of nutritional surveillance is derived from disease surveillance, and means "to watch over nutrition, in order to make decisions that lead to improvements in nutrition in populations". Three distinct objectives have been defined for surveillance systems, primarily in relation to problems of malnutrition in developing countries: to aid long-term planning in health and development; to provide input for programme management and evaluation; and to give timely warning of the need for intervention to prevent critical deteriorations in food consumption. Decisions affecting nutrition are made at various administrative levels, and the uses of different types of nutritional surveillance information can be related to national policies, development programmes, public health and nutrition programmes, and timely warning and intervention programmes. The information should answer specific questions, for example concerning the nutritional status and trends of particular population groups.Defining the uses and users of the information is the first essential step in designing a system; this is illustrated with reference to agricultural and rural development planning, the health sector, and nutrition and social welfare programmes. The most usual data outputs are nutritional outcome indicators (e.g., prevalence of malnutrition among preschool children), disaggregated by descriptive or classifying variables, of which the commonest is simply administrative area. Often, additional "status" indicators, such as quality of housing or water supply, are presented at the same time. On the other hand, timely warning requires earlier indicators of the possibility of nutritional deterioration, and agricultural indicators are often the most appropriate.DATA COME FROM TWO MAIN TYPES OF SOURCE: administrative (e.g., clinics and schools) and household sample surveys. Each source has its own advantages and disadvantages: for example, administrative data often already exist, and can be disaggregated to village level, but are of unknown representativeness and often cannot be linked with other variables of interest; sample surveys provide integrated data of more or less known representativeness, but sample sizes usually do not allow disaggregation to, for example, specific villages. A combination of these sources, with a capability for ad hoc surveys (formal or informal) is often the best solution. Finally, much depends on adequate facilities for data analysis, even though simple, comprehensible data outputs are what is required. Intersectoral cooperation is needed to provide realistic options for the decision-making process. PMID- 6606499 TI - Comparison of techniques for the estimation of the prevalence of poliomyelitis in developing countries. AB - Although reliable data on the prevalence and trends of paralytic poliomyelitis are necessary for health planning, they are often difficult to obtain in developing countries. Comparisons were made of the cost and the time taken to obtain prevalence rates of residual poliomyelitis paralysis in a single community by (1) a surveillance and reporting system using physicians and other practitioners, (2) a school survey covering grades 1 to 12, (3) annual surveys of grade 1 schoolchildren, and (4) a house-to-house questionnaire survey. These techniques gave poliomyelitis prevalence rates of 3-5 per 1000 school-age children, and poliomyelitis incidence rates of 12-29 per 100 000 population per year. The annual grade 1 school survey was the cheapest and easiest to carry out and appears reliable in areas with a high rate of school enrolment. PMID- 6606500 TI - Viral etiology of acute respiratory diseases in Rio de Janeiro: first two years of a longitudinal study. AB - A two-year study was undertaken to establish the incidence and possible viral etiology of acute respiratory diseases among the child population of a shanty town in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The results demonstrated that nearly half of all the illnesses seen were respiratory infections, 10% of them affecting the lower respiratory tract. Viruses were isolated from 20% of the throat swabs collected. Of the viruses identified, 47% were adenoviruses, 25% were enteroviruses, 9% were influenza A, 8% herpes simplex, 7% parainfluenza, 3% respiratory syncytial and 1% influenza B viruses. PMID- 6606501 TI - The Egyptian National Nutrition Survey, 1978. PMID- 6606502 TI - Reasons for discontinuing contraception among women in Bangkok. PMID- 6606503 TI - The growth of cultured human foreskin keratinocytes is not stimulated by a tumor promoter. AB - The tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) does not stimulate the growth of human epidermal cells in foreskin explant cultures; a dose dependent inhibition is seen at doses higher than 10(-5) micrograms/ml. TPA also inhibits epidermal growth factor-stimulated growth and does not induce ornithine decarboxylase activity or increase polyamine levels. This is not due to the rapid breakdown of TPA, since TPA is not metabolized to any appreciable extent. PMID- 6606504 TI - Quantification of platelet retention in aortocoronary femoral vein bypass graft in dogs treated with dipyridamole and aspirin. AB - Autologous femoral vein segments were implanted as aortocoronary bypass grafts in 50 dogs, 25 of which were treated with dipyridamole and aspirin to inhibit platelet deposition and 25 that were not. Autologous platelets labeled with indium-111 were injected into some dogs 48 hr before they were killed on the first day after surgery; other dogs were injected 24 hr before they were killed (3, 7, 30, and 90 days after surgery). Radioactivity on the grafts and on control specimens of contralateral femoral veins was converted to quantification of platelets adhering to the vessel wall (platelets/cm2). The treated group had fewer graft platelets per square centimeter than the untreated group on postoperative days 3, 7 (p less than .01), and 30 (p less than .05). Graft and control vein platelets per square centimeter were nearly equal by day 90. Comparison of graft and control specimens by scanning electron microscopy nearly equal by day 90. Comparison of graft and control specimens by scanning electron microscopy revealed deendothelialization at 1 and 7 days after grafting and reendothelialization at 30 and 90 days. The data suggest that indefinite prolongation of therapy to inhibit platelet deposition after bypass grafting may be unnecessary (although other atherosclerotic vessels may benefit from therapy). PMID- 6606505 TI - Increased frequency of HLA-DR3 and 5 in the syndromes of painless thyroiditis with transient thyrotoxicosis: evidence for an autoimmune aetiology. AB - We studied fifty patients with painless thyroiditis with transient thyrotoxicosis (PTTT) and a low radioiodine thyroidal uptake. In 25 PTTT occurred post-partum (P) and in the remainder was unrelated to pregnancy (U). Seventeen patients with classical subacute thyroiditis were studied for comparison. All patients were typed for HLA-A, B, C, DR antigens. Four of the P patients had recurrences with each pregnancy; two had one previous attack of U; three had a maternal history of Graves' disease; 76% of the P patients had small to moderate goitres and 76% antimicrosomal antibody titres at greater than 1:400. HLA-B35 was found in 24% of P patients compared to 17% of controls; 71% of patients with subacute thyroiditis were, by contrast, B35. Two of P were HLA-B8 positive (versus 25% of controls); 11 patients were HLA-DR3 positive and 15 (60%) HLA-DR5 positive compared to 23% and 27% of controls yielding a relative risk (RR) = 2.50 (P less than 0.05) and 3.83 (P less than 0.005), respectively. All four P patients with recurrences carried HLA-DR5. Thirteen of 25 patients in the U subgroup were HLA-DR3, yielding a RR = 3.38 (P less than 0.01); seven were HLA-DR5, with a non-significant RR = 1.12; four of U had first degree relatives with either autoimmune thyroid disorders or Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Thus, both P and U are associated with HLA DR3, the P subgroup had in addition an increased frequency of DR5. The observed HLA associations for the PTTT syndromes favours an autoimmune rather than viral aetiology. PMID- 6606506 TI - Linkage analysis in von Willebrand disease. AB - We studied a 3-generation kindred to determine whether the gene responsible for one form of von Willebrand disease (vWD) is linked to 1) the HLA locus, or 2) a polymorphic locus for a serum enzyme or red cell antigen. HLA haplotypes were determined in 12 affected family members, in 10 cases by direct analysis and in 2 cases by deduction. Seven of 12 affected individuals were A2, B7, as compared to 0 of 9 unaffected. However, the maximum lod score was only 0.41 at a recombination frequency of 0.2. Of the 17 serum red cell and plasma protein markers studied, 5 (Kell, ADA, AK1, BF, GC) did not segregate, and 12 (ABO, Rh, JK, Fy, P, PGM1, ACP1, ESD, GLO1, MN, HP, GPT) gave lod scores less than + 1.0. We conclude that there is no strong evidence for linkage between the locus for vWD and any of the markers studied. PMID- 6606507 TI - Factors affecting severity of injury during nephrotoxic nephritis in rabbits. AB - All 22 rabbits injected with sheep globulin containing high titres of antibodies to rabbit glomerular basement membrane (GBM)--nephrotoxic globulin (NTG)- developed antibodies to sheep IgG. Despite this only 15 rabbits developed obvious autologous phase injury. Eleven days after injection of NTG titres of autologous antibody to sheep IgG were similar in rabbits with and without definite autologous phase injury but were detected earlier and rose significantly more rapidly in those with autologous phase injury. In experiments on heterologous phase injury after intravenous injection of NTG, binding of defined amounts of nephrotoxic antibodies (NTAb) to the GBM after bolus injection caused significantly more injury, assessed by proteinuria, than binding of similar amounts of NTAb after infusion of NTG over 3 h (P less than 0.02 Student's paired t-test). In in vitro experiments, aliquots of homogenized rabbit kidney taken 2 days after injection of NTG bound appreciable amounts of rabbit anti-sheep Ig whereas homogenates of kidneys taken 20 days after NTG showed no such binding. These results show that the rate of deposition of NTAb in kidney influences the severity of injury in heterologous and autologous phases of NTN and that antigenic sites or heterologous IgG fixed to the GBM become saturated during the autologous phase of injury. PMID- 6606509 TI - Phenotype study with monoclonal antibodies of T lymphocyte colonies in normal individuals and in patients with chronic OKT8+ lymphocytic leukaemia. AB - The lymphocyte colony forming capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal controls and from two patients with chronic OKT8+ lymphocytic leukaemia was determined in agar culture under PHA stimulation. The number and size of the colonies in patients were reduced compared to normal. The lymphocytic phenotype of colony cells was studied with monoclonal antibodies in colonies harvested from agar culture and in colonies expanded in liquid culture in the presence of TCGF. This study was performed in individual colonies and in pooled colonies. Colonies from normal controls contained a mixture of the OKT4+ and OKT8+ lymphocyte subsets. In contrast, colonies from the two patients contained essentially OKT4+ lymphocytes. The data indicate that, in the patients, progenitors of the OKT8+ subset are unresponsive to normal proliferative and/or differentiative stimuli under the present culture conditions. PMID- 6606508 TI - Characterization of immune complexes in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. AB - Sera from 120 children and young adults with acute leukaemia (59), various other tumours (53) and histiocytosis X (eight) were studied for the presence and characteristics of circulating immune complexes (CIC). Serial and parallel testing was performed using: C1q binding (solid phase), Raji cell radioimmunoassay and anti-C3 (solid phase). CIC were detected in 36 of 56 (64%) patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and in 62% of other tumour subjects. In the ALL sera, the mean positive C1q binding was 5.4 s.d., Raji cell 4.2 s.d. and anti-C3 4.4 s.d. In 12 ALL sera CIC were characterized for molecular size by sucrose gradient centrifugation. Most samples showed high molecular weight (19S) complexes but intermediate (11-14S) and smaller (8-9S) complexes were also detected. There was no apparent relationship between the presence, amount or physical size of the detectable CICs and clinical course of the patients studied; 12 patients with ALL in long term remission showed presence of CIC at some time during their course. Immune complexes precipitated from leukaemic sera were also examined for the presence of common ALL antigen (cALL) and Ia(DR) antigens utilizing rabbit antisera and mouse monoclonal antibodies. Experiments with isolated immune complexes from ALL sera provided no positive evidence for the presence of cALL antigen or Ia antigen within immune complex materials from ALL patients. PMID- 6606510 TI - T cell subpopulations in CLL: methods of T cell enrichment artificially alter proportions of OKT4 and OKT8 positive cells. AB - There is growing speculation about the meaning of reported imbalances in subpopulations of T lymphocytes in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). This study compared two techniques for producing T cell enriched subpopulations from both patients with CLL and normal individuals and the effects of these techniques on relative proportions of OKT4 and OKT8 positive cells. A sheep red cell rosetting technique resulted in significantly larger OKT8 and smaller OKT4 positive populations than did nylon wool column elution. Similar results were obtained in normal individuals. The nylon wool column elution technique produced less distortion of unfractionated OKT4/OKT8 ratios in normals than did the rosetting technique. Studies of T lymphocyte subpopulations should be interpreted with great caution as the methods used to study them can influence the results. PMID- 6606511 TI - Proliferation of T lymphoblasts in rabbits fatally infected with the herpes virus of malignant catarrhal fever. AB - Lymphoid cell suspensions prepared from tissues collected from rabbits infected with malignant catarrhal fever virus, a herpes virus causing fatal lymphoproliferative disease in cattle and rabbits, were examined for various properties. The majority of the proliferating cells did not adhere to plastic, phagocytose opsonized bacteria or carry surface immunoglobulin. On the basis of their morphology, high incorporation of 3H-thymidine and ability to form non immune rosettes with rabbit erythrocytes it is probable that these cells are T lymphoblasts. PMID- 6606512 TI - Distribution of nominal and latent IgG (Gm) allotypes in plaques of multiple sclerosis brain. AB - Concentrations of IgG allotypes G1m(1), G1m(3) and G3m(11) in neutral pH eluates from discrete plaques of multiple sclerosis (MS) brain and from white matter of control brain were determined to obtain information about distribution of B cell clones among MS lesions. Within each MS brain a predominant nominal IgG1 allotype was distributed rather homogeneously in all plaques while quantitatively minor allotypes showed some fluctuation. Latent IgG1 allotypes were detected (7-12% of the corresponding nominal allotype level) in some tissue eluates from both MS and control brains, which were homozygous for either G1m(1) or G1m(3). By contrast, the expression of a latent IgG3 allotype, namely G3m(11), was apparently MS restricted. Large amounts of latent allotypes were detected only in recent plaques with lymphoid cells whereas the distribution of total plaque associated IgGs did not correlate with the presence of lymphoid cells. Latent allotypes in recent MS lesions may mark a transient immunological activity which coincides with the infiltration of lymphoid cells and precedes the appearance in these plaques of oligoclonal IgGs, the distribution of which may parallel that of the predominant nominal allotypes. PMID- 6606513 TI - Binding of immunoglobulins and immune complexes to cartilage derived extracts. AB - Cartilage extracts with affinity for heat aggregated immunoglobulins were prepared from human articular and bovine nasal cartilage. These extracts, containing predominantly collagen, also bound both to immune complexes (IC) prepared in vitro and to immunoglobulins from sera of many patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Cryoprecipitation of rheumatoid sera removed material reacting with the extract and density gradient fractionation of a positive serum showed correlation between binding to the extract and to C1q. These results indicate that the binding materials in rheumatoid sera were likely to be IC. We suggest that some assays which apparently demonstrate anti-collagen autoantibodies in fact measure IC. These findings also have implications for models of the pathogenesis of RA. PMID- 6606514 TI - Anti-globulins and circulating complexes in early rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The importance of immunological parameters such as anti-globulins, anti-RANA and circulating immune complexes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been studied by examining patients with early disease who are attending general practitioner clinics with joint pains for the first time. Anti-RANA, and IgG and IgM anti globulins were detectable in the serum at the earliest time we were able to examine the patients. The anti-globulins had specificity for both rabbit and human IgG from the outset. Immune complexes were similarly raised in early disease. From these patients with early joint pains we were able to predict, by means of multivariant discriminant analysis of the laboratory data obtained from the first serum sample, between those who would develop into patients with classical or definite RA at 1 year and those who would have non-inflammatory joint disease. PMID- 6606515 TI - Pokeweed mitogen stimulated immunoglobulin production by peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro: evidence for disordered immunoregulation in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. AB - Production of immunoglobulins (G, A, M) by pokeweed mitogen stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied in 81 patients with inflammatory bowel disease and compared with 40 patients with mild gastrointestinal disorders (controls). Immunoglobulin production was dependent on the concentration of mononuclear cells in culture, being maximal at the lowest concentration used (2.5 X 10(5)/ml). Adherent monocytes exerted suppression when cultures were reconstituted with more than 20% of these cells. T lymphocyte depleted cells (B cells) demonstrated T cell helper/suppressor dependence for immunoglobulin production in an isotype specific manner, the optimal T cell concentration for 'helper' activity being lowest for IgG and highest for IgM. In patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC) there was a reduction in the T cell concentration for optimal helper activity that was not isotype specific suggesting an increase in non-specific T cell helper activity. T cell helper activity reverted toward control levels in patients with UC in disease remission, except in the case of IgA production where there was a significant diminution of IgA production and of T helper activity for IgA synthesis. Patients with Crohn's disease were distinguished from both UC and control patients by: (1) reduced immunoglobulin production at low lymphocyte concentrations; (2) reduced monocyte-mediated suppression of immunoglobulin production and (3) no shift in T cell concentration for optimal helper activity for IgG and IgA with active disease. PMID- 6606516 TI - Autologous rosette forming cells in patients with renal diseases. AB - We studied the distribution of autologous rosette forming cells (ARFC) in the peripheral blood of 30 healthy adult donors, 30 patients with IgA nephropathy, 20 patients with primary glomerular diseases, eight patients with systemic diseases and 25 patients with other renal diseases. The mean percentages of ARFC were markedly reduced in the IgA nephropathy patients compared with the healthy adult donors. The values for ARFC were even more significantly reduced in IgA nephropathy patients compared with patients with primary glomerular diseases, systemic diseases and other renal diseases. This means that the immunoregulatory abberation in IgA nephropathy primarily involves T cells. PMID- 6606517 TI - Mouse rosette positive B cells fail to synthesize immunoglobulin following incubation with pokeweed mitogen. AB - Mouse erythrocytes form spontaneous rosettes with a population of B lymphocytes from normal individuals and from patients with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Since lymphocytes from patients with CLL respond poorly to pokeweed mitogen (PWM), we have compared mouse rosette positive (MR+), mouse rosette negative (MR-), and unfractionated B lymphocytes from normal individuals in their response to PWM. Mononuclear cells were fractionated into B, MR+ and MR- cell populations and then combined in 1:1 proportions with mitomycin-C treated T cells in culture media. Lymphocyte co-cultures were incubated for up to 10 days in the presence of PWM. Supernatant immunoglobulin (SIg) levels, percentage intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin (ICIg), and proliferative responses were determined. MR+ cells alone failed to produce significant levels of SIg (P less than 0.025) or percentages of ICIg positive cells This decreased synthesis of immunoglobulin by MR+ cells occurred in the presence of adequate T cells, macrophages and a satisfactory proliferative response. PMID- 6606518 TI - Serum complement proteins in IgA nephropathy. AB - Immunohistologic studies in IgA nephropathy which have suggested activation of the alternative complement pathway prompted us to study serum complement components and control proteins in 28 patients with IgA nephropathy. Thirteen patients, 12 of whom were men, had or developed chronic renal failure (CRF) during 34 +/- 5 months of follow-up. These patients were more hypertensive and had heavier proteinuria than those with stable renal function. Their serum IgA concentrations were not different from patients with normal renal function. The prevalence of HLA antigens was similar to that for the reference population and BW35 was not associated with CRF. Serum C3, B, H and I concentrations in patients with stable normal renal function were higher than they were in patients with CRF. Four patients studied--two with normal renal function and two with CRF--had partial familial deficiencies of single complement proteins. Our data suggest that high serum levels of C3, B, H and I may be associated with stable normal glomerular filtration rate and that complement deficiencies are not infrequent in IgA nephropathy. How these findings relate to the pathogenesis and progression of IgA nephropathy requires further study. We also conclude that higher serum IgA concentrations and the presence of BW35 are not necessarily associated with progressive renal insufficiency in IgA nephropathy. PMID- 6606519 TI - Diffuse pulmonary gallium accumulation with a normal chest radiogram in a homosexual man with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. A case report. AB - A homosexual man with A.I.D.S. (acquired immunologic deficiency syndrome) and pneumocystis infestation was found to have diffuse Ga-67 uptake in the lungs with a coincident negative chest x-ray. While Ga-67 accumulates diffusely in the lungs in a variety of conditions, the present case is the first described in a patient with A.I.D.S. in which Ga-67 was positive before roentgenographic abnormalities were demonstrated. Thus, the use of Ga-67, when A.I.D.S. is suspected, could help establish a diagnosis more promptly. PMID- 6606520 TI - Diagnostic value of SPECT in a case of lower neck uptake on bone scan. AB - Lower neck uptake in bone scan is hard to interpret because of superposition of several structures. Single photon emission computerized tomography can be beneficial, as illustrated in this patient with a laryngeal tumor. PMID- 6606521 TI - Interstitial lung disease: the role of the radiologist. PMID- 6606522 TI - Calcium malabsorption in elderly women with vertebral fractures: evidence for resistance to the action of vitamin D metabolites on the bowel. AB - Radio-calcium absorption, plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH)D] and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] concentrations were measured in 19 elderly women with, and 21 without, vertebral fractures, before and after treatment with 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 [25-(OH)D3], to establish whether malabsorption of calcium in elderly women with vertebral fractures has a cause different from that in elderly women without vertebral fractures. Malabsorption of calcium and low plasma 25 (OH)D and 1,25-(OH)2D concentrations were common in both groups of women but there was no significant difference in these variables between the two groups. After treatment with 40 micrograms of 25-(OH)D3 daily for 7 days, there was a significant increase in plasma 25-(OH)D and 1,25-(OH)2D in both groups of women, but radio-calcium absorption increased significantly only in the group without vertebral fractures. Elderly women with vertebral fractures have malabsorption of calcium which is resistant to the action of vitamin D metabolites at concentrations which correct calcium malabsorption in elderly women without vertebral fractures. PMID- 6606523 TI - Effect of treatment on skeletal muscle dysfunction in hypothyroidism. AB - Abnormalities in skeletal muscle function were characterized in 19 hypothyroid subjects and the extent and time course of recovery in these abnormalities after treatment determined. Slow muscle relaxation was observed on examination in 11 patients and 12 out of 16 patients had a reduced quadriceps maximum relaxation rate (MRR) and 11 out of 15 had a prolonged ankle jerk relaxation time (AJRT). Measurements of quadriceps force revealed significant muscle weakness when comparison with 15 age matched healthy subjects was made (P less than 0.001). This weakness was often not evident on clinical examination. A raised plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity was characteristic. With treatment the plasma CK activity and the AJRT rapidly became normal often long before the serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was normal, but the quadriceps MRR was slower to recover. It was rarely normal before the serum TSH became normal. Weakness was slow to recover and seven patients remained weak at the end of the study despite being euthyroid for a mean period of 1 year, but strength increased modestly overall (P less than 0.01). The urinary creatinine/height index was unchanged, indicating that total muscle mass does not alter with therapy. PMID- 6606524 TI - [Modification of primary hemostasis and capillary fragility induced by aminaftone in chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 6606525 TI - Radiological investigation in rheumatology. PMID- 6606526 TI - Correlation of HLA B27 with radiographic abnormalities of the sacroiliac joints and with other stigmata of ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 6606528 TI - Clinical trials in the rheumatic diseases. PMID- 6606527 TI - Sonography in rheumatology. AB - The marked difference in acoustic impedance between bone and other adjacent soft tissues prohibits sonography from imaging internal architecture of joints and bones. Despite this, ultrasound is very useful in the assessment of many problems encountered in rheumatological practice. Sonography is unexcelled in its capability to rapidly distinguish between popliteal cysts and deep venous thrombosis. Additionally, ultrasound can readily evaluate synovial cysts occurring in unusual locations such as those presenting as a soft tissue mass in the thigh or arm. Because it is noninvasive, sonography is ideal in assessing patients with renal failure. This has been found to be extremely useful in patients who have systemic lupus erythematosus. Echocardiography and organ imaging capabilities are also useful in certain subgroups of patients with rheumatological diseases. PMID- 6606529 TI - Perspectives on clinical trials in the rheumatic diseases. PMID- 6606530 TI - Design and analysis of controlled clinical trials in rheumatic diseases. AB - Controlled clinical trials can be difficult, expensive, and time-consuming, but are necessary to advance the knowledge concerning rheumatic disease. Proper care in the design of the study and appropriate statistical analysis of the data can result in studies that answer specific questions and are well worth the effort and expense. If the design is well planned before the entry of the first patient, many problems will be avoided and the results will be credible. PMID- 6606531 TI - Lipid peroxidation and retinal degeneration. AB - Retinal degenerations were produced in albino rats by exposure to constant illumination or in frogs and albino rats by intravitreal injections of ferrous sulfate. Both treatments resulted in the loss of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and the accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides in isolated rod outer segments. We suggest that lipid peroxidation is a factor in certain types of retinal degenerations. PMID- 6606532 TI - The effect of heparin on intestinal survival in experimental small intestinal ischemia. PMID- 6606533 TI - Cutaneous vasculitis in systemic lupus erythematosus. A poor prognostic indicator. AB - The type of cutaneous lesion found in the patient with systemic lupus erythematosus is often predictive of the activity and course of the systemic disease. Vasculitis often correlates with active systemic lupus erythematosus, and portends a poor prognosis. A patient with several vasculitic changes on the fingers who died of progressive renal and central nervous system deterioration is presented. PMID- 6606534 TI - Amiodarone-induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Evidence of an immunological cell-mediated mechanism. AB - Interstitial pneumonitis developed in a patient who had received a cumulative dose of 985 g of amiodarone in nine years. No other cause for pneumonitis was found. The following findings favor an immunologic mechanism of hypersensitivity due to amiodarone: positive skin and basophil degranulation tests with amiodarone; lymphocytosis and inverted ratio of helper/suppressor T lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; secretion of leukocyte inhibitory factor, as shown by the inhibition of migration of peripheral blood leukocytes; and positive lymphoblastic transformation in the presence of amiodarone. PMID- 6606535 TI - Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis following topical cardiac hypothermia. AB - Topical cardiac hypothermia has been shown to be a safe and effective means of providing protection for the ischemic myocardium during aortic cross-clamping. We report herein two cases of postoperative bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis which we believe resulted from hypothermic injury to the phrenic nerves. After open heart surgery, both patients experienced prolonged weaning from assisted ventilation and severe orthopnea. Return of normal diaphragmatic and phrenic nerve function was demonstrated in one patient ten months after surgery. Failure to correctly interpret the respiratory failure and orthopnea led to confusion and erroneous types of therapy. Awareness of this complication should lead to improved care and postoperative management of patients. PMID- 6606536 TI - [Hematologic disorders and the gingival mucosa]. PMID- 6606537 TI - [Coronary surgery--prophylactic aspects]. PMID- 6606538 TI - [Current status of direct revascularization of the myocardium using aortocoronary bypass]. PMID- 6606539 TI - [Digestive hemorrhage caused by a blind intestinal loop. Apropos of 3 cases of rare etiology]. PMID- 6606540 TI - [Determination of pregnancy-specific beta l glycoprotein and free estriol in the blood of pregnant women]. PMID- 6606541 TI - [Report on 3 cases of 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency]. PMID- 6606542 TI - [Dynamic changes of T lymphocytes and Tmu and Tgamma cells in severely burned patients]. PMID- 6606543 TI - [Experimental study and clinical observation of the osteogenic effect of a constant direct current on fracture healing]. PMID- 6606544 TI - [Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency]. PMID- 6606545 TI - The aortic valve. Colonic axis. AB - In the past few years, a correlation has been recognized between calcific aortic stenosis and lower gastrointestinal bleeding in elderly patients. It has been suggested by several authors that mucosal arteriovenous malformations, usually in the right colon, are the cause of bleeding in those patients. Although attention is usually focused on doing a partial colectomy (usually right hemicolectomy) for treating colonic arteriovenous malformation bleeding, several patients with calcific aortic stenosis and gastrointestinal bleeding have been reported in whom bleeding stopped after aortic valve replacement alone. The purpose of this paper is to review the possible mechanisms of lower intestinal bleeding in patients with calcific aortic stenosis, delineate the methods of diagnosis, and finally, to outline the appropriate surgical management. PMID- 6606546 TI - Multiple gastric lipomas. AB - A patient with gastric ulceration and hemorrhage due to multiple antral gastric submucosal lipomas is presented. The number and close apposition of the lipomas resulted in loss of the usual gastroscopic and radiologic findings associated with these benign tumors. Complications arising from both singly occurring and multiple gastric lipomas are discussed. PMID- 6606547 TI - Abnormal blood glucose and coronary heart disease: the Puerto Rico Heart Health Program. AB - The presence of abnormal blood glucose (ABG) was determined for participants in the Puerto Rico Heart Health Program, a prospective epidemiological study of cardiovascular disease. Subjects were considered to have ABG at baseline if they were receiving treatment for diabetes (diet, oral hypoglycemics, or insulin), or if the blood glucose level was 140 mg/dl or more. Urban-rural comparisons of the prevalence of ABG were made in this cohort of 2585 rural and 6208 urban men aged 45-64 yr. The prevalence of ABG in the urban population was more than double that in the rural. This population has been followed up for coronary heart disease (CHD) over an 8 1/4-yr period. ABG at baseline is significantly associated with CHD death in urban men. When the relationship is controlled for smoking, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol, and relative weight, the relationship remains significant. The association with total CHD is similar. Either by adjusting for diabetes (i.e., when treated diabetes was excluded from analysis) or by entering both blood glucose and diabetes under treatment into the model, blood glucose was no longer statistically significant. This suggests that ABG, rather than blood glucose alone, is the important variable associated with CHD. PMID- 6606548 TI - Carotid artery disease in NIDDM diabetes. AB - A prospective study of 135 controls, 286 non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients, and 31 subjects with an elevated fasting plasma glucose was performed to assess the prevalence of high-grade carotid artery stenosis. The carotid artery evaluation was performed using an ultrasonic duplex scanner. When those patients with an elevated fasting plasma glucose and non-insulin-dependent diabetes were considered together, the prevalence was 8.2% as compared with 0.7% for the controls (P = 0.0007). Those risk factors found to be significantly related to the higher prevalence of carotid disease in the combined groups of patients included age, ratio of systolic blood pressure to diastolic blood pressure, plasma cholesterol, and cigarette smoking. These findings may be an explanation for the greater incidence of stroke in patients with diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6606549 TI - [Phacoanaphylactic uveitis. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6606550 TI - [Effect of para-aminobenzoic acid on the deoxyribonuclease activity of intact and irradiated preparations]. PMID- 6606551 TI - [gamma-Crystallins of the crystalline lens in the common frog are coded by a family of multiple nonallelic genes]. PMID- 6606552 TI - Immunological imbalance in uncomplicated chronic alcoholism. AB - The lymphocyte response to unspecific mitogenic lectins and the frequency of the lymphocytary populations and two subpopulations (DR- and Fc gamma-positive T cells) as well as the serum immunoglobulin levels were tested. Blood samples were drawn from 15 volunteers with chronic alcoholism, an no clinical detectable correlated diseases and from 8 healthy subjects as controls. An activation of the immune system was found, characterized by an increase of T lymphocytes, DR positive T-cells, IgA and IgG. Aspects of this activation are discussed. PMID- 6606553 TI - Aversion therapy of cannabis dependence in Nigeria. AB - Cannabis dependence is fast becoming a public health problem in Nigeria. Prevalent studies indicate that up to 9% of secondary school students and 33% of University undergraduates (i.e., one in every three students) abuse cannabis. Cases of cannabis dependence seen in hospital practise in Nigeria are usually associated with psychotic illness and there is a strong feeling among psychiatrists in the country that the cannabis abuse is contributory to the precipitation of the psychosis. If this is true, then abstinence from cannabis abuse is necessary in order to reduce the possibility of relapse of the psychotic illness when this has been treated. The paper to be presented describes a method of treatment which has been developed and tried in an Ife University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. This treatment is a form of behaviour therapy and its cost has been estimated at about US+12, which was found to be within reach of most patients. Patients who have undergone a course of this treatment (one course of 3 treatments) have abstained from cannabis for an average period of 9 months. A single treatment administered within this period further prolongs the period of abstinence. Further work is recommended to explore the range of application of this method of treatment, for example, the personality types for whom it is most suitable and those in whom it would contraindicated. PMID- 6606554 TI - [Gastric microhemorrhage and acetylsalicylic acid. Prevention using prostaglandin E2]. AB - The possible prophylactic effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) pretreatment against gastric microbleedings caused by acetylsalicylic acid was investigated in six healthy volunteers. Gastric microbleeding rate was determined by the gastric tube technique of Fisher and Hunt, at first without any medication. The test was repeated after a two-day intake of acetylsalicylic acid (four times 0.5 g/d) and after two days of the same dose, 15 minutes after the administration of PGE2 (four times 0.5 mg/d). Between the two treatment periods, their sequence randomized, there was a treatment-free pause of at least eight days. Basic gastric microbleeding rate was 0.42 +/- 0.10 ml/d (means +/- Smeans). After administration of acetylsalicylic acid this rose highly significantly elevenfold (4.59 +/- 1.64 ml/d). Prophylactic administration of PGE2 prevented this rise (0.24; 0.04-2.55 ml/d) (median; 10th-90th percentile). There were no side effects to the administration of PGE2. PMID- 6606555 TI - [Resumption of work after the lst myocardial infarct. Results of the Hamburg Infarct After-Care Study]. AB - In a prospective study of 1019 unselected patients, 53% of those under 60 years of age were again able to work within 18 months after the first myocardial infarction. Decisive for the high proportion of those who did not take up work again are, in particular, marked changes in the attitude towards work and the deteriorating employment situation, in addition to medical reasons such as cardiac complications (11.4%) and bypass operations (10%). The sociological changes weakened the positive effect of post-hospital treatment and rehabilitation, so that there has been no proven increase in the number of those returning to work, compared with data collected in the 1960s. Resumption of work can only conditionally be used as an indicator of success within a comprehensive rehabilitation plan. PMID- 6606556 TI - [Age- and sex-dependent changes in human T-lymphocyte subpopulations]. AB - Changes in the expression of T-lymphocyte membrane antigens are seen in many diseases, particularly in autoimmune diseases. The reliability of these parameters, as well as their changes associated with age and sex, were examined in 232 healthy subjects using monoclonal antibodies of the OKT series. The precision of the indirect immunofluorescence method for determining the T3, T4 and T8 antigens (corresponding antibodies OKT 3, OKT 4, OKT 8) is within a range expected for biological testing methods (median variation coefficients 7-20%). In both sexes a statistically significant reduction of the T3+ cells (P = 0.0001; T lymphocytes) and of the T8+ cells (P = 0.0004; T-suppressor lymphocytes) was seen with increasing age. In women (n = 115) the rate of T3+ and T4+ cells was 2-5% higher on the average (the T4+ cell population contains T-helper lymphocytes). According to these findings there is a statistically significant increase of the T4+ to T8+ cell ratio (P = 0.0001); due to the greater number of helper cells, the average T4/T8 quotients are greater in women than in men (P = 0.0076). The changes in the ratio of T-helper to T-suppressor cells are discussed as predisposing factors in the genesis of autoimmune diseases. PMID- 6606557 TI - [Coronary thrombosis caused by hypercoagulopathy after an aortocoronary bypass operation]. PMID- 6606558 TI - [Primary sclerosing cholangitis and pericholangitis in ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 6606559 TI - Papers presented at the International Symposium on "Hormones in milk: their role in sucklings and lactating mothers". Bratislava, September 22-24, 1982. PMID- 6606560 TI - Glucocorticoids and lactation. In vitro metabolism of glucocorticoids by rat mammary glands. AB - In view of: 1. the extensive in vitro 21-acylation of [3H]corticosterone by rat mammary glands, especially during lactation; 2. the accumulation of 21-acyl [3H]corticosterone as the predominant form of the hormone in the alveolar nuclear fraction with which it is strongly associated; 3. the results of a systematic study of the influence of acylation per se of corticosterone and dexamethasone on their binding affinities for specific glucocorticoid-binding proteins; and 4. the extensive metabolic acylation, similarly, of adrenocortical hormones other than corticosterone, it is suggested that the acylation of glucocorticoid by the mammary gland may serve to modulate the biological action of the hormone on this target organ, and indirectly influence the flow of glucocorticoid from plasma to milk. PMID- 6606561 TI - Glucocorticoids in human, cow and rat milk. AB - The concentration of corticosteroids found by a competitive protein binding (CPB) assay in human milk ranged from 20 to 136 ng ml-1, in cow milk 8 to 18 ng ml-1 and rat in milk it averaged 144 ng ml-1. The lower concentration of cortisol in human milk was observed when thin layer chromatography of milk extract was made before CPB assay. Using thin layer and paper chromatography cortisone, cortisol and progesterone were identified in human milk, while in cow milk cortisol and progesterone and in rat milk only corticosterone was found. The presence of these hormones in plasma suggests a possibility of their transport from blood to the milk. PMID- 6606563 TI - Significance of progesterone determination in milk. AB - The determination of progesterone in milk sampled on the day of insemination is used for fertilization check in dairy cattle. Thus, the corpus luteum function confirms insemination failures due to the false estrus. By this way it is possible to detect 10 to 20 per cent of cows which cannot be successfully inseminated. Further estimation is performed 3 weeks after the insemination when low concentration of progesterone reflects an insemination failure. By this way it is possible to follow up cows inseminated without success and without any clinical symptoms of the next estrus. The repeated estimation of progesterone can objectively monitor the corpus luteum function. This is of great importance for the confirmation of puerperal anestrus, diagnosis of fertility disorders and/or assessment of therapy of sexual cycle disorders. PMID- 6606562 TI - Perinatal mother-offspring pituitary-adrenal interrelationship in rats: corticosterone in milk may affect adult life. AB - The pituitary-adrenal interrelationships between the mother and offspring are apparently operating during postnatal life in the rat via the corticosterone present in milk and passing into the suckling. A mother-offspring pituitary adrenal interrelationship is at play during postnatal life in the rat, by the way of corticosterone present in milk and passing into the suckling. Changes in the milk concentration of glucocorticoid hormone (adrenalectomy or corticosterone administration in the mother) in a physiological or physiopathological range, show some consequences in later life. These consist in apparently permanent changes in binding capacity of the glucocorticoid receptor in the hippocampus, as well as in related adaptive behavioral and endocrine activities. The sensitivity in the offspring to the effects of manipulations of the above interrelationship is, at least in part, sex dependent. PMID- 6606564 TI - Radioimmunoassay of progesterone in cow milk. AB - Fertilization checks in dairy cattle performed by estimation of progesterone in milk require a simple technique, the use of a sample taken independently of milking procedure and a simple management of the results. The laboratory equipped with a sample processor and pipetting device, high throughput counter for 125iodine and a tabletop computer can analyse about 1000 samples of fat-free milk in one day. The results are used for computer management of reproduction and veterinary service in farms with 600 to 2000 cows. PMID- 6606565 TI - Passage of thyroid hormone into milk in rabbits. AB - In lactating rabbits of New-Zealand breed the passage of iodothyronines from blood to milk was studied. The iodothyronines from the milk were extracted with different solvent systems and then separated either with the aid of paper chromatography in butanol-ethanol-ammonia system or on a Sephadex G-25 fine columns with the use of alkalized ethanol. At 4 h after the administration of labelled compounds the milk/serum ratio for thyroxine (T4) was 0.3, for triiodothyronine (T3) 1.2 to 2.8 and for reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) 9.0 to 18.0. When estimated with the aid of specific radioimmunoassay, the concentration of thyroxine was about 25%, while that of T3 was about 50% and that of rT3 was about 300% of the level of the corresponding compound found in plasma. PMID- 6606566 TI - Serum thyroid hormone levels in colostrum deprived piglets and calves. AB - The level of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) was measured in blood of colostrum deprived calves and piglets and compared with appropriate control animals which were fed colostrum and milk according to a regular farm schedule. In most of cases, the levels of iodothyronines measured were significantly decreased in colostrum deprived (CD) calves between 36 h and 14 d of age. In piglets, the levels of iodothyronines were measured up to 72 h of age only and no remarkable differences were found between controls and CD animals. The concentration of T3 in pig milk after extraction with alkalized ethanol was estimated with radioimmunoassay and, at 1 week after delivery, it was 0.78 +/- 0.084 nmol 1(-1) (n = 10). PMID- 6606567 TI - Accumulation of prolactin by maternal milk and its transfer to circulation of neonatal rat--a review. PMID- 6606568 TI - Circadian rhythms in plasma prolactin, luteinizing hormone and hypophyseal prolactin levels in lactating rats. AB - During a 24 h period lactating rats were decapitated at 2 h intervals and the trunk blood and pituitaries were collected. Suckling activity was registered at the time of sacrifice. Plasma prolactin (PRL), LH and hypophyseal (HYP) PRL levels were measured by RIA. The trough of the plasma PRL curve was at 09.30 h and was followed by about 4.5-fold elevation by 13.30 (the lights were on from 03.30 to 17.30). The plasma PRL levels showed 2.5-fold decrease by 19.30 h. The HYP PRL concentration exhibited 3.5-fold elevation from 01.30 to 05.30 h. After this peak concentration, the HYP PRL showed a 4-fold decrease at 11.30 h. A statistically non-significant rhythm was found in the plasma LH levels. Our data suggest that there are circadian rhythms in the plasma and HYP PRL levels of lactating rats in the early lactation period. The two rhythms are in an 8 h phase shift. Neither these rhythms nor the LH levels depended on the actual suckling activity of freely behaving lactating rats. PMID- 6606569 TI - Rapid decrease of plasma prolactin levels in lactating rats separated from their pups. AB - The time course of the effect of separation of the pups on plasma prolactin (PRL) of the mother and the mechanism of this effect were investigated in conscious primiparous lactating rats. Within the first 15 min the separation of the mother from her litter caused a very rapid decrease in the concentration of plasma PRL. There was already a very marked depression by the end of the first 3 min period. During the first 3 min the disappearance rate of PRL from the blood was identical to that occurring after hypophysectomy and thus similar to the biological half life of plasma PRL in lactating rats. The observed marked decrease in PRL could be completely blocked by alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine pretreatment (250 mg kg-1 i.p.) or by haloperidol (2 mg kg-1 i.p.) at 90 min prior to the start of separation. It was demonstrated that the marked depression in plasma PRL concentration develops within the first hour and particularly in the first few minutes. Thus, the separation of lactating rats apparently results in an immediate complete blockade of PRL release from the pituitary. Finally, the data suggest that a dopaminergic mechanism plays an important role in the inhibition of PRL release induced by separation of the mother. PMID- 6606570 TI - Prostanoid content of human milk: relationships to milk fatty acid content. AB - Analysis of human milk was conducted to determine if transitions in milk lipid composition and thus the changes in fatty acid synthesis that occur during lactogenesis are related to levels of specific prostanoids present in milk lactated. Serial samples representative of a complete expression and reflecting varying concentrations of milk fatty acids were collected over the first 37 days of lactation. Milk from mothers delivering infants at term and mothers delivering premature infants of 28-33 weeks gestational age was compared to examine potential relationships between prostanoid concentration and gestational age effects on milk lipid content. Milk levels of prostaglandin E, prostaglandin F and the metabolite of prostacyclin--6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha were determined by radioimmunoassays. Transitions in fatty acid content for all milk lipid classes were determined by quantitative analysis of fatty acids by glass capillary gas liquid chromatography. During lactation the levels of prostaglandin E correlated with milk content of 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha. For term mothers, milk content of prostaglandin E, 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha, total fatty acids and medium chain fatty acids increased from early lactation when compared with subsequent days sampled. Levels of these milk constituents observed for early milk of preterm mothers were significantly different when compared with term mothers and in addition did not follow the same longitudinal pattern during subsequent days of lactation. Physiologically significant levels of prostaglandins in milk may reflect the balance between hormonal and subcellular controls over lactogenesis. It is also conceivable that the presence of these prostanoids in milk may influence gastrointestinal physiology and nutrient absorption in the neonate. PMID- 6606571 TI - Radioautographic study of binding and internalization of corticotropin-releasing factor by rat anterior pituitary corticotrophs. AB - In order to identify the anterior pituitary cell type(s) containing corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) receptors and to study the internalization processes of this peptide by the target cells, radioautography was performed on rat anterior pituitaries removed at specific intervals (2-60 min) after intracarotid injection of [125I]iodo-CRF into intact and adrenalectomized female rats. In intact animals, all corticotrophs were labeled, whereas in the adrenalectomized animals about 80% of the hypertrophied corticotrophs (adrenalectomy cells) were. In control animals injected with both iodinated CRF and an excess of unlabeled peptide, no specific reaction could be detected. The time-course study in intact animals showed that 2 min after injection most silver grains were found over or within 160 nm of the plasma membrane. At the 5-min time intervals, grains were observed both over the plasma membrane and within the cytoplasm, associated with lysosomes, and the Golgi apparatus. Fifteen minutes after injection, grains were mostly found over lysosomes and the Golgi apparatus, whereas at the longest time intervals (30 and 60 min) almost no labeling could be detected. The results obtained in this study indicate that in the anterior pituitary CRF receptors are restricted to corticotrophs (as identified by electron microscopy) and that, after binding to the plasma membrane, CRF is rapidly internalized to Golgi elements and lysosomes. PMID- 6606572 TI - Similar hormone-rich peptides from thyroglobulins of five vertebrate classes. AB - Thyroglobulins (Tgs) were purified from five species (rat, chicken, turtle, frog, and goldfish), each representing a different vertebrate class. On reduction with mercaptoethanol, each Tg produced five major iodopeptides, designated A-E, with ranges of estimated molecular mass, in kilodaltons (K), as follows: A, more than 300K; B, 210-280K; C, 30-42K; D, 19-28K; and E, 10-23K. Of these, the two smallest, D and E, had 40-80% of their iodine as iodothyronine, compared with 15 20% for the parent Tgs. They contained 25-63% of Tg's total iodothyronines but only a few percent of its peptide material. Calculations from amino acid analyses and iodine contents showed approximately 1 mol each of D and E/mol 660,000 dalton Tg. In comparisons of amino acid compositions by cluster analysis, iodopeptides D and E resembled each other and their counterparts in other species more than they resembled their parent Tgs. Also, the Tgs from different species were more similar to each other and to iodopeptides D and E than to nonthyroidal proteins randomly selected from the literature. We injected 125I into rats and turtles, and compared its distribution among the iodopeptides to that of 127I. These dual isotope experiments showed that as Tg was iodinated in vivo, iodopeptide B decreased both in molecular size and in its share of Tg's iodine, while the sum of iodopeptides D and E increased, indicating that B may be the precursor of D and E. In vivo iodination of rat Tg with 125I for different periods of time suggested that iodopeptide E and its iodothyronines are derived from a larger portion of the Tg molecule, perhaps iodopeptide B. The amount of 125I in iodopeptide D also increased with time. We conclude that these two discrete hormone-rich peptide fractions of small molecular weight are a consistent feature of Tg's structure throughout the vertebrate classes. Both are probably derived from a larger iodopeptide fraction (iodopeptide B) during the course of Tg maturation and iodination. Their conservation during evolution indicates an important role for them in thyroid hormone biosynthesis. PMID- 6606573 TI - Polypectomy in the presence of portal hypertension--an increased risk of bleeding? AB - A report is presented on 58 polypectomies performed in the stomach and colorectum in 46 patients. Twenty-five patients had portal hypertension consequent on liver cirrhosis, while 21 patients had healthy livers. The question as to whether haemorrhage occurred immediately after polypectomy or within the next 24 hours, was investigated. Furthermore, either the stalk (of pedunculated polyps), or the polyp itself (when sessile) was investigated pathologically-anatomically, with respect to its vascularity pattern. The submucosal and intramucosal vascularity patterns were classified in 4 categories, I to IV. A tentative interpretation of the results obtained indicates, on the basis of their mucosal and submucosal vascularity patterns, that patients with portal hypertension developing from a cirrhosis of the liver, are not at any higher risk of haemorrhage than patients with no portal hypertension. PMID- 6606575 TI - Angina pectoris, one to 10 years after aortocoronary bypass surgery. AB - The incidence of angina pectoris (AP) after bypass surgery was assessed in 1041 patients operated on consecutively between 1971 and 1980. Of the 977 survivors, 920 (94%) participated in the study with a followup time varying from 1 to 10 years (mean 3.5 years). Post-operative angina pectoris was present at 1 year in 277 patients (30%), at 3 years in 46%, at 8 years in 50%. The pain limited usual physical activities in 17.5%, 30% and 25%, respectively at these times. Nonetheless, 89% of the respondents felt improved by surgery. Factors without predictive value for late outcome were sex, number of pre-operative diseased vessels, and pre-operative ejection fraction. A correlation was found between post-operative AP and younger age at surgery in the males only (P less than 0.001); between AP and patency rate of the bypass graft (P less than 0.005) and with the status of the coronary arterial tree at three years post-operatively (P less than 0.001) in both sexes. The percentage of patients with recurrent AP increased with time after surgery up to 3 years, but remained stable thereafter. In conclusion, post-operative AP seems initially related to decreased functioning of the bypass graft, later to progression of coronary sclerosis in the native circulation. PMID- 6606574 TI - Stimulation of mixed-function oxidation of 7-ethoxycoumarin in periportal and pericentral regions of the perfused rat liver by xylitol. AB - Rates of O-deethylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin by perfused livers from fasted, phenobarbital-treated rats were 3.7 mumol X g-1 X h-1. Approximately 50% of the product was conjugated. When rates of 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation were varied by infusing different concentrations of substrate, a good correlation (r = 0.91) was found between rates of O-deethylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin and fluorescence of 7-hydroxycoumarin detected from the liver surface. Micro-light guides (tip diameter 170 microns) placed on periportal and pericentral regions on the liver surface were used to monitor the conversion of nonfluorescent 7-ethoxycoumarin to fluorescent 7-hydroxycoumarin. The O-deethylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin to 7 hydroxycoumarin increased fluorescence 64% and 28% in pericentral and periportal regions of the liver lobule, respectively. Rates of 7-ethoxycoumarin O deethylation estimated from these increases in fluorescence were 5.2 mumol X g-1 X h-1 in pericentral and 2.2 mumol X g-1 X h-1 in periportal regions of the liver. During mixed-function oxidation of 7-ethoxycoumarin, the oxidation:reduction state of NADP(H) was similar in both regions of the liver lobule. Xylitol (2 mM) decreased the NADP+/NADPH ratio and stimulated rates of drug metabolism in both regions of the liver lobule. This indicates that conditions exist where the supply of NADPH is an important rate-determining factor for 7-ethoxycoumarin metabolism in both periportal and pericentral regions of the liver lobule. PMID- 6606576 TI - Coronary artery surgery as a measure of vocational rehabilitation: an analysis of the working status of patients with mild angina randomly assigned to medical or surgical treatment. AB - Work status was studied in 76 male patients under the age of 60, who had been randomly assigned to surgical or medical treatment for coronary artery disease with relatively stable angina (Class I or II NYHA) One year after catheterization or surgery, there were as many patients employed in the medical (84%) as in the surgical (81%) groups, despite a marked improvement of functional symptoms in the latter group; 8% in surgical patients and 11% in medical patients were on social welfare. Surgery did not improve work resumption in patients who had been unemployed for seven months or more before inclusion into the study (71%, versus 67% in medical patients). It is concluded that aorto-coronary bypass surgery cannot be considered as a measure of vocational rehabilitation sufficient to improve employment in patients with mild stable angina, when compared to medical treatment. PMID- 6606577 TI - Interaction of dihydroergotamine and triacetyloleandomycin in the minipig. AB - The kinetics of unchanged DHE and of the sum of parent drug and metabolites under the effect of acute TO exposure were investigated by comparing the areas under the plasma concentration-time curves after oral, intravenous and hepatoportal administration in minipigs. While TO (500 mg p.o. 15 min. before DHE) caused only a slight increase of plasma levels of parent drug or the sum of parent drug and metabolites after an intravenous dose of 1 mg DHE, there was an important and significant increase of the 0-24 hrs AUC's after administration of (10 mg) oral or (1 mg) hepatoportal DHE. This finding strongly suggests that the interaction TO and DHE occurs at the hepatic site. However, under these experimental conditions, the metabolism of DHE does not seem to be modified by TO administration, an indication that the mechanism of the interaction with TO could be an inhibition of the biliary excretion of DHE and DHE metabolites and/or a release of DHE and metabolites from hepatic binding sites. PMID- 6606578 TI - Graft-versus-host reaction induced by spleen grafting in inbred strains of rats. Influence of portal venous drainage. AB - Acute graft-versus-host (GvH) reaction was induced by spleen grafting in inbred rats. A comparison of the influence of portal or caval drainage of the spleen graft on the survival time was made. This comparison revealed a prolongation of survival time in case of a portal drainage when the graft was an auxiliary half spleen graft. This result suggests that the liver may have, in some conditions, protective capacities against an acute GvH reaction. PMID- 6606579 TI - Serum immunoglobulin and complement alterations in interstitial cystitis. AB - Sera from 41 patients with interstitial cystitis were tested for immunoglobulins (IgA, G, M), complement components (C1q, C3, C4) and for C1-esterase inhibitor. There was a statistically highly significant depletion of the serum levels of complement component C4 (p less than 0.001) and immunoglobulin G was markedly elevated (p less than 0.001). Our results suggest the classical pathway activation of the complement system and support the possibility that a chronic local immunological process is involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. PMID- 6606580 TI - Utilization of antihypertensive drugs in certain European countries. AB - The consumption of various groups of antihypertensive drugs in Spain during the period 1977-1981 has been measured by the DDD method. The total consumption of the drugs did not change much during this time. Combinations of thiazides with other hypotensives accounted for more than half the total antihypertensive drugs used. The consumption of rauwolfia and its derivatives, and of dihydralazine, was higher than of beta-blockers and methyldopa. Total consumption of antihypertensives in 1981 was 37.5 DDDs/1 000 inhab/day, which was much lower than in Denmark (136.6 DDDs/1 000 inhab/day), Finland (114.5), Iceland (92.2), Norway (89.4) and Sweden (138.7). Wide qualitative differences between countries were also identified. Although other factors may play a role, it is suggested that these striking differences may be due to differences in general health policy and in the pharmaceutical markets. PMID- 6606581 TI - Stereospecificity of an opiate action on the excitable membrane of frog skeletal muscle fibres. AB - Intracellular microelectrode studies were conducted to examine the actions of the optical isomers levorphanol and dextrorphan on the isolated frog sartorius muscle preparation. Both isomers, in bath concentrations which had minimal effect on action potential amplitude and gNa (3 X 10(-5) M), caused a large depression of gK. High bath concentrations (3 X 10(-4) M) of both drugs caused an initial depression of sodium and potassium conductance processes, gNa and gK, respectively, however only levorphanol, but not dextrorphan, could produce a specific, late-occurring depression of gNa that could be blocked by the opiate antagonists, nalorphine or naloxone. These findings indicate that the late occurring depressant effect on gNa is stereospecific and reinforce previous findings which demonstrated that opiate drugs interact with opiate receptors associated with the sodium channels of the frog muscle fibre membranes. PMID- 6606582 TI - Effects of morphine on ionic currents in frog node of Ranvier. AB - The effects of externally or internally applied morphine hydrochloride on the node of Ranvier of the frog were studied under current and voltage clamp conditions. Externally applied morphine in a concentration of 0.5-1 mM prolonged the action potential and the absolute refractory period. It inhibited the repetitive response of sensory fibres to long-lasting depolarizing pulses. Externally applied morphine was more effective in depressing the steady state K current than the peak Na current. When added to the internal medium (by diffusion from the cut ends of the fibre) morphine had a stronger effect on the peak Na current. Morphine did not alter the kinetics of Na activation but increased the time constants of development or removal of Na inactivation by a factor of about 1.2. Morphine reduced both the fast and slow phase of the inward K tail currents recorded in Ringer with 30 mM K. Of the two components (gKf1 and gKf2) of fast K conductance described by J.M. Dubois (1981, J. Physiol. 318, 297) only gKf2 was affected. The morphine antagonist naloxone in a concentration of 0.1 mM completely and reversibly abolished the component gKf2 of the fast K conductance. Naloxone did not antagonize the effect of morphine. These findings show that there are no specific opiate receptors in the membrane of peripheral nerves. PMID- 6606583 TI - Visual influence on postural control in the cat. AB - The influence of horizontal optokinetic stimulation on posture and postural readjustments, induced by horizontal rotation of a turntable, were studied in the cat. Optokinetic stimulations at constant velocities lead to modifications of posture depending on the velocity of the stimulus. However, habituation as well as interindividual variability of these postural responses make difficult a systematic and quantitative approach to the phenomenon. Optokinetic stimulations at sinusoidal velocities induced reproductible postural responses, whose phase and gain were studied at different velocities and frequencies of stimulation. At low frequencies (from 0.05 Hz to 0.2 Hz) the postural responses tend to lead the position of the optokinetic stimulus while a lag appears at higher frequencies (up to 1 Hz). In these conditions the gain increases and seems to depend on the performances of the simultaneously elicited oculomotor response. Induced postural readjustments are also modulated by the relative velocity of the visual stimulation with respect to the cat. A given visual input is more effective on an induced postural readjustment than on the posture of a static animal, especially at low frequencies (from 0.05 Hz to 0.3 Hz). These data extend to the cat the strong visual component of the postural control system previously described in other species. PMID- 6606584 TI - Visual and vestibular contributions to prelanding EMG during jump-downs in cats. AB - Prelanding EMG responses in elbow flexors and extensors were assessed during landing from jump-downs (0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 m) in normal blindfolded cats and labyrinthectomized cats with and without vision occluded. Jump-down conditions determined the strategy of response elicited in the normal cat. When the height could be anticipated by the blindfolded animals, a response typical of a jump in the presence of visual cues occurred; extensor activity began an average of 73 +/ 12 ms before landing, while flexor activity was minimal. When the animal was 'tricked' by an unexpected change in jump height, it displayed a pattern of EMG activity appropriate for the jump height just previously experienced, not for the actual height. If the jump height was uncertain, the cat commonly exhibited continuous extensor activity that began soon (100-150 ms) after both forepaws left the platform. In the presence of visual cues, labyrinthectomized cats were able to execute jump-downs at 0.6 m. Onset of extensor EMG activity was normal during the first postoperative jumps, although the typical two-burst pattern was absent, and average prelanding extensor IEMG was less than that of the control jumps. In addition, landing was usually awkward, as the forelimbs collapsed and the ventral surface of the trunk contacted the landing pad. During subsequent sessions, the two-burst pattern reappeared, average prelanding extensor IEMG increased, and flight position improved, so that landing occurred without the forelimbs collapsing. Without visual cues, the labyrinthectomized cats were unable to execute a jump-down. These results suggest that visual input may normally regulate timing of the extensor prelanding motor program; however, without visual input, prelanding responses can be preprogrammed. When visual input is present, vestibular input during the flight phase may be primarily manifested as gain in extensor activity rather than in the temporal sequencing. When visual input is absent and jump height is uncertain, vestibular input may become more influential in determining the pattern of prelanding activity. PMID- 6606585 TI - The controversy over the influence of static tilt on soleus motoneuron excitability in man. AB - The influence of static fore-aft body tilts on the excitability of the human soleus motoneuronal pool had been studied by mapping the H reflex amplitude as a function of head positions by two groups of investigators with different results. In 11 of 13 subjects studied, we (C.W.Y. Chan and R.E. Kearney, 1982, Neurosci. Lett. 33: 333-338) found that the H reflex was a minimum when the head was near the vertical position, and often increased as a sinusoidal function of tilt to a maximum of 60 degrees forward or backward. In contrast, I.G. Aiello, G. Rosati, G. Serra, V. Jugnoli, and M. Manca (1983, Exp. Neurol. 79: 18-26) reported a linear decrease in the H reflex amplitude in all their subjects when the body was tilted from the vertical to the horizontal supine position. The differences in these findings were discussed from the point of view of methodology and in light of recent animal and human studies. PMID- 6606586 TI - Effects of macrolide antibiotics on barbiturate sleeping time in mice. AB - Triacetyloleandomycin and josamycin, when administered to inbred Balb/c mice orally twice daily at a dose of 12.5 or 25 mg per kg over 3 days, were found to increase barbiturate sleeping time significantly. In contrast, erythromycin ethylsuccinate, erythromycin propionate, midecamycin and spiramycin were devoid of any such activity under the same conditions. PMID- 6606587 TI - Interdependent regulation of epithelial cell replication by nutrients, hormones, growth factors, and cell density. AB - Considerable progress in human epithelial cell culture procedures has permitted defining nutritional growth requirements in low-serum or serum-free conditions for normal and tumorigenic prostatic and bronchial epithelial cells. Assay conditions revealed interrelationships between cell density and nutrient and factor requirements for both growth enhancement and terminal differentiation. Interactions among nutrients, growth factors, and serum have been delineated by applying the principles of Michaelis-Menton kinetics to clonal growth data: 1) epidermal growth factor (EGF) reduced the half-maximal requirement for serum and Ca2+, but neither serum nor Ca2+ altered the EGF requirement; 2) serum stimulated terminal differentiation of bronchial epithelial cells and EGF; cholera toxin and growth-arrested Swiss mouse 3T3 feeder cells inhibited serum-induced differentiation; 3) differences in the interaction of Ca2+- and Mg2+-dependent growth control of prostatic and bronchial epithelial cells were noted; and 4) a phenotypic reduction in nutritional growth requirements for bronchial epithelial cells was obtained by supplementing serum-free medium with triiodothyronine. These results indicate significant differences in both nutritional requirements and interactions for different types of human epithelial cells. Elucidation of these differences may point to plausable reasons why the malignant transformation potential of tissue types varies with specific carcinogens. PMID- 6606588 TI - Effect of chlorpromazine on sperm motility in the frog, Rana temporaria. PMID- 6606589 TI - Cytoplasmic phases in the first cell cycle of the activated frog egg. AB - The first cell cycle of the activated frog egg is longer than subsequent cycles and several developmentally important events such as the determination of bilateral symmetry occur at this time. When eggs of Rana pipiens or Xenopus laevis are dissected at times after activation, differences in the consistency of the animal half cytoplasm can be detected visually, and the first cell cycle has been divided into four cytoplasmic phases on this basis. Phase 1 includes the events of activation and lasts about one-third of the first cycle. In phase 2, the cytoplasm becomes fluid except for the rigid, growing sperm aster, and most of the migration of the pronuclei occurs in phase 2. In phase 3, the cytoplasm becomes firm whether or not a sperm aster had been present, and the grey crescent forms, indicating the plane of bilateral symmetry. The firmness of the cytoplasm is colchicine sensitive but cytochalasin B insensitive as is grey crescent formation. In phase 4, the cortex detaches from the firm cytoplasm, and the firmness is now cytochalasin B sensitive and colchicine insensitive. The changes in cytoplasmic consistency during the first cell cycle probably reflect changes in the cytoskeleton, and the cytoplasmic consistency is functionally correlated with developmental events in the first cell cycle. PMID- 6606590 TI - Diabetes-induced metabolic alterations in heme synthesis and degradation and various heme-containing enzymes in female rats. AB - Diabetes-induced alterations in heme and hemoproteins, as well as its relationship to drug-mediated induction of ALA Synthase (ALA-S), were examined in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were rendered diabetic by a single i.v. injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg) and measurements were made at various times after treatment. The basal levels of the key enzymes involved in heme synthesis, ALA-S and ALA-dehydratase (ALA-D), were decreased about 36% and 54%, respectively, 44-46 days after diabetes induction. Furthermore, the catabolism of heme that occurs via microsomal heme oxygenase progressively decreases in activity during the course of diabetes, and reaches 69% of control in 90-day diabetic animals. The basal levels of heme, cytochromes P-450 and b5 were elevated about twofold in diabetic rats as compared with their corresponding control values. The activity of benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase in diabetic rats was also increased in proportion to the microsomal content of cytochrome P-450. In contrast, delta 4-hydrogenase, the rate-limiting enzyme in corticosterone metabolism, exhibited a 35-65% decrease in activity throughout the experimental period. Tryptophan pyrrolase activity (total, holo-, and apoenzyme) was elevated about 2.5-fold in STZ diabetic rats. In vivo insulin therapy of diabetic animals antagonized the effect of the diabetic state on the above measured parameters. Treatment with aminoglutethimide resulted in about a twofold elevation in ALA-S activity in control as well as chronically diabetic rats. However, a similar stimulatory response in ALA-S activity to CoCl2 administration was observed only in control or insulin-treated diabetic rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6606591 TI - A look at anatomical and physiological brain images. PMID- 6606592 TI - Pathology of the penis in long-term diabetic rats. AB - Pathological changes in the penis of long-term diabetic rats (greater than 1 year) include epidermal atrophy and lipid droplets in erectile tissue and dermis, as well as thickening of capillary basement membranes, dilatation and microaneurysms of capillaries, and atrophy and degeneration of erectile smooth muscle. These changes are similar to those previously described as occurring in other organs, but damage to nerves and smooth muscle can best be appreciated with electron microscopy. PMID- 6606593 TI - Inhibition of gastric acid secretion in rats and in dogs by corticotropin releasing factor. AB - Intravenously injected synthetic ovine corticotropin-releasing factor inhibited gastric secretion by reducing gastric secretory volume, acid concentration, and acid output, but elevated plasma gastrin levels in conscious 2-h pylorus-ligated rats. Corticotropin-releasing factor suppressed pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid output at intravenous doses of 4-17 nmol X kg-1 X h-1 in urethane anesthetized, gastric fistula rats and at 0.1-1-nmol X kg-1 X h-1 doses in conscious, gastric-fistula dogs. The inhibitory effect of corticotropin-releasing factor was dose-dependent, long-lasting, and reversible. The other newly characterized hypothalamic-hypophysiotropic peptide, growth hormone-releasing factor, hpGRF (1-40), infused at a dose of 18 nmol X kg-1 X h-1, did not modify gastric acid secretion stimulated by pentagastrin in rats. Gastric response to corticotropin-releasing factor in rats was altered neither by naloxone (5 mg/kg i.p.) or indomethacin (10 mg/kg i.p.) pretreatment, nor by hypophysectomy or adrenalectomy, but was partly reversed by vagotomy. These results demonstrate that corticotropin-releasing factor inhibits gastric acid secretion in both rats and dogs. The inhibitory effect of corticotropin-releasing factor on gastric secretion does not require the presence of the pituitary or the adrenal glands, or a functional prostaglandin biosynthetic pathway, and is not mediated through changes in gastrin secretion. It appears to be partially dependent on a degree of vagal tone as well as other mechanisms that await further elucidation. PMID- 6606594 TI - [Ectopic pregnancy--significance of serum human chorionic beta gonadotropins and beta-1-glycoprotein (SP1) determination]. AB - In 83 patients with an ectopic pregnancy the serum levels of HCG and the pregnancy specific beta 1 glycoprotein SP-1 were determined. In addition the serum levels of 25 patients with a nonviable pregnancy and 26 non-pregnant patients were determined. The radio-immunologic beta HCG and SP-1 tests and the enzyme immunologic Sp-1 test were used. The radio-immune assay of beta HCG diagnosed 96% of all cases with an ectopic pregnancy. The enzyme and radio immunologic SP-1 tests failed to diagnose the ectopic pregnancy in 5 of 83 cases (6%) by the Elisa test and in 3 of 83 cases (4%) by the RIA test. The lower limit of diagnosis of pregnancy was considered to be 1.8 micrograms SP-1/1. The concomitant determination of the beta HCG and the SP-1 level permits the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy in all cases. The main advantage of the enzyme immunologic determination compared to the radio-immunologic determination is at present the materially shorter time factor of the test and the fact that an isotope laboratory is not necessary. PMID- 6606595 TI - [1st experiment in combined in operations for insertion of heart valve prostheses and aortocoronary shunting]. PMID- 6606596 TI - Regulation of human gut B lymphocytes by T lymphocytes. AB - The aims of this study were first, to assess whether or not immunoglobulin secretion from human gut mucosal B lymphocytes can be modified by T lymphocytes, and second whether human gut mucosal T lymphocytes are capable of regulating mucosal B lymphocyte function. T and B lymphocyte enriched cell populations were isolated from gut mucosa and co-cultured in varying proportions. Addition of T lymphocytes to B enriched mucosal cell populations (ratio B:T = 2:1) showed that mucosal B lymphocytes were responsive to T cell 'help'. Addition of more T cells (ratio B:T = 2:10) suppressed immunoglobulin synthesis. PMID- 6606597 TI - Interaction of subcomponent C1q and collagen with isolated platelet membranes in platelet aggregation. AB - Human platelet membranes were isolated by the glycerol-lysis technique. When tested by a turbidimetric method in the presence of fibrinogen and calcium ions, the membrane vesicles exhibited patterns of reactivity to collagen. As with human platelet-rich plasmas, the aggregating effects of collagen were inhibited by preincubating the membrane suspensions with hemolytically active human C1q. Upon addition to platelet-rich plasma, the isolated membranes reduced collagen provoked platelet aggregation. This inhibitory effect was partially suspended by prior incubation of the membranes with native C1q. The results show that the receptors for collagen and C1q are preserved during the membrane isolation procedure and support the competitive nature of inhibition by C1q of collagen induced platelet aggregation. PMID- 6606598 TI - Histological studies of gentamicin nephrotoxicity. PMID- 6606599 TI - Late changes in bulbo-urethral glands in rat following prostatectomy or seminal vesiculectomy. Histological and histochemical studies. PMID- 6606600 TI - Morphology of the incisive fossa, canal, and foramen in man. PMID- 6606601 TI - Estimation of the fetal age on the basis of the development of sternum. PMID- 6606602 TI - Morphological studies of male accessory sex glands in normal rats and after some urological procedures. PMID- 6606603 TI - Axonal and dendritic growth cones in the developing human spinal cord. PMID- 6606604 TI - Selected diencephalic structures in conditions of changed water balance of the organism. II. Activity of hydrolytic enzymes in circumventricular organs of the third ventricle in rats after water encumberance. PMID- 6606605 TI - General structure and localization of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius in rat (horizontal sections). PMID- 6606606 TI - [Optimizing therapeutic success in aortocoronary bypass operations]. AB - Left ventricular function improves after aortocoronary bypass operation in 80% of preoperative postextrasystolic reversible asynergic segments, but this usually does not occur in preoperative postextrasystolic irreversible segments. Improvement is often seen even without revascularisation of the corresponding vessel, when a bypass to another stenosed vessel enables enhanced collateral flow. Therefore, it is recommended to graft as many stenosed vessels as possible, even those corresponding to postextrasystolic irreversible segments, to provide beneficial effects in other segments. To achieve a real complete revascularisation, vessels with about 50% stenosis or total occlusion should also be bypassed. For multiple stenosed vessels sequential graft technique is recommended. In lesions not suitable for grafting an endarterectomy should be performed however the risk of intraoperative infarction should be considered. Platelet inhibition after bypass operation results in a significant increase of patency rate. Low dose acetylsalicylic acid is the treatment of choice and should be started very early postoperatively. PMID- 6606607 TI - [The effect of interfering currents on the neuromuscular system--I]. PMID- 6606608 TI - Association between alpha-1-antitrypsin types and the common cold. AB - Associations have been found between self-reported cold symptoms and Pi type in 84 pairs of identical twins. The risk of cold symptoms relative to MM phenotypes was 1.2 times greater in MS and 2.5 times greater in MZ individuals. Up to 9% of variance in cold symptoms could be attributed to Pi type, representing at least 20% of the total genetical variance. PMID- 6606609 TI - Distribution of Hp, Tf, Gc and Pi polymorphisms in a Nepalese population. AB - Hp typing and Tf, Gc and Pi subtypings were performed on 144 serum samples from a Nepalese population in the Katmandu Valley, Nepal. The obtained allele frequencies are as follows: Hp1 = 0.1771, Hp2 = 0.8229; TfC1 = 0.7222, TfC2 = 0.2500, TfC3 = 0.0174, TfCnepal (TfC9) = 0.0104; Gc1F = 0.2448, Gc1S = 0.4825, Gc2 = 0.2727; PiM1 = 0.6076, PiM2 = 0.2118, PiM3 = 0.1806. The relationship between this sample population and the Indian population is discussed. PMID- 6606610 TI - Immunological status in patients of oral cancers. A clinico-pathological study. PMID- 6606611 TI - The human thymus in ageing: histologic involution paralleled by increased mitogen response and by enrichment of OKT3+ lymphocytes. AB - In the present study, based on 24 individuals aged 5-61 years, the histological pattern of the thymus has been determined and correlated to the thymus lymphocyte in-vitro responses to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A). It has been found that lymphocytes from histologically involuted thymus were significantly more responsive to PHA and Con A stimulation than lymphocytes from histologically normal thymus. These data indicate that thymus age-dependent involution is associated with increased lymphocyte in-vitro reactivity. In addition, in 10 cases the relative proportions of the thymus lymphocyte subpopulations have been determined by the use of monoclonal antibodies OKT3, OKT4, OKT6 and OKT8. These results have been correlated to the histology of the organ and to the mitogen responsiveness of thymus lymphocytes. In normal thymus the majority of the cells were OKT6+, while there were lower numbers were OKT3+. However, in involuted thymus, OKT3+ lymphocytes prevailed over OKT6+ cells. Furthermore, a direct relationship between the proportion of OKT3+ lymphocytes and the response to mitogens has been observed. These findings indicate that the increased mitogen response noticed in histologically involuted thymus is accompanied by an OKT3+-cell enrichment which is paralleled by a depletion of OKT6+ cells. PMID- 6606612 TI - In-vivo modulation of thymus-derived lymphocytes with monoclonal antibodies in mice. I. Effect of anti-Thy-1 antibody on the tissue distribution of lymphocytes. AB - A procedure is described for the in vivo removal of all detectable T lymphocytes from spleen and lymph nodes in mice. A single intraperitoneal injection of monoclonal anti-Thy-1 antibody into mice leads to rapid depletion of functional T cells from peripheral lymphoid organs, but not thymus. The extent of T-cell depletion is dependent on the cytotoxic titre of the anti-Thy-1 antibody used. Antibody with a median cytotoxic titre greater than 10(6) causes the complete removal of cells bearing Thy-1, Lyt-1 and Lyt-2 surface antigens from peripheral lymphoid populations in 3 days. Eight days after treatment Thy-1+, Lyt-1+ and Lyt 2+ cells begin to reappear in these organs. Splenic B cells, assayed by the expression of surface immunoglobulin (sIg) and by mitogenic responsiveness to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), are not affected by this treatment. The monoclonal anti-Thy-1 antibody does not appear to penetrate thymus tissue and bind to thymocytes. Anti-Thy-1 antibody, but not F(ab')2 is required for in-vivo T-cell depletion. These findings indicate that anti-Thy-1 antibody causes the removal of Thy-1+ cells from peripheral lymphoid tissue, and as the circulating levels of anti-Thy-1 antibody decrease, cells from the thymus repopulate the thymus-dependent areas of the depleted lymphoid organs. PMID- 6606613 TI - Induction of human T-lymphocyte colonies by phorbol myristate acetate. AB - Colony growth of human lymphocytes by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was studied. PMA was able to induce lymphocyte colony growth in methylcellulose semi solid cultures in the absence of lectin mitogens, phytohaemagglutinin or concanavalin A. PMA-induced colonies were found in cultures of mononuclear cells, monocyte-depleted mononuclear cells and the T-enriched cell fraction, whereas no colonies were obtained from the non-T cell fraction. At least one million mononuclear cells were required to form colonies by PMA. The colony cells were mainly T cells as judged from sheep red blood cell rosette formation. Surface immunoglobulin positive cells and peroxidase positive cells were not detected in colony cells. Non-specific esterase positive cells were only found to be less than 1% of colony cells. T cells formed more colonies than did mononuclear cells, presumably because of a concentration of colony forming cells and/or co-operating cells. Colony formation by PMA was induced from monocyte-depleted mononuclear cells and monocyte-depleted T cells, suggesting independence of monocytes. When mononuclear cells were precultured at 37 degrees for 5 min or 30 min with PMA and then cultured in the semi-solid medium without PMA, only a small number of colonies grew. Further studies of PMA-induced T-cell colonies will provide information the identification and characterization of immunological states in various immunological diseases. PMID- 6606614 TI - Immature chicken B cells with immunocompetence restricted to IgM type do not elicit the formation of germinal centres. AB - Chickens depleted of both T and B cells were restored with T cells and with immature B cells capable of producing IgM only, and immunized with sheep red blood cells. These chickens developed strikingly few germinal centres, in marked contrast to controls which received normal adult B cells. PMID- 6606615 TI - In vivo modulation of thymus-derived lymphocytes with monoclonal antibodies in mice. II. Separation of natural killer cells and cytotoxic T cells. AB - Treatment of mice with ascitic fluid containing high titres of T24-31.7 monoclonal antibody (rat anti-mouse Thy-1) lead to a rapid loss of T cells from peripheral lymphoid organs. Spleen and lymph node tissue lost all detectable Thy 1+ and mitogen-responsive T cells within 72 hr. These tissues were completely T cell-depleted for more than a week before repopulation with T cells began. Lectin induced splenic T cell cytoxicity in culture was lost within 72 hr after treatment of mice in vivo. In contrast, treatment of mice with T24-31.7 ascitic fluid was followed by an immediate increase in natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytolytic activity. After 96 hr, NK activity began to decrease and did not reappear in the T cell-depleted spleens. While purified T24-31.7 antibody was responsible for T cell depletion in vivo, a non-immunoglobulin component of the ascitic fluid stimulated splenic NK cell activity. The presence of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) on target cells in the lytic assay was shown to inhibit NK activity but enhance T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The relationship of NK cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to the T cell lineage is discussed. PMID- 6606616 TI - Ontogeny of antigen-presenting activity of haptenized cells in mice: early development of syngeneic T cell-stimulatory cells in thymus. AB - Trinitrophenyl (TNP)-modified thymus cells stimulated the proliferation of syngeneic spleen T cells in in-vitro culture supplemented with syngeneic normal mouse serum. The stimulatory activity of the TNP-adult thymus cells was about a half of that of TNP-adult spleen cells. Neither thymus cells depleted of adherent cells before haptenization nor TNP-thymus cells treated with anti-Ia antiserum served as stimulators. TNP-thymus cells, but not TNP-spleen cells, prepared from cells of newborn mice within one week after birth were almost as competent as adult TNP-thymus cells. TNP-spleen cells first became effective when spleen cells were obtained from mice at the age of 3 weeks. Ineffectiveness of the newborn spleen cells is not due to immunosuppressive function. These results indicate that Ia-bearing antigen-presenting cells appear earlier in the thymus than in the spleen. The intrathymic Ia+ adherent cells, however, seem not to be autonomously potent for accessory cell function, since haptenized thymus cells were not able to stimulate T cells if adherent cells were removed from the responder cells. This suggests that the second type of adherent cells residing in spleen but not in thymus is required for the activation of T cells in response to TNP-thymic adherent cells. PMID- 6606617 TI - TPA (12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate) activation and differentiation of human peripheral B lymphocytes. AB - The effect of the tumour-promoting phorbol ester TPA (12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate) on normal human peripheral blood and tonsil B lymphocytes was investigated. A strong DNA-synthesis response with the maximum at day 4 was detected. This response was, however, inhibited by increasing concentrations of serum in the medium. The membrane Ig expression was changed with a rapid decrease in IgD expression and a slower decrease in IgM and IgG expression. TPA-induced Ig secretion was detected in 12 out of 22 tested donors and the response was found to be independent of T cells and macrophages. The expression of four monoclonal antibody-detected B cell activation and differentiation markers, B1, B2, LB1 and BB1, was followed. The results indicate activation and differentiation of the B cells. PMID- 6606618 TI - Staphylococcal protein-A is a potent T-cell mitogen of tonsillar lymphocytes. AB - Optimal conditions for the stimulation of human tonsillar lymphocytes by staphylococcal protein-A (SpA) are described. By stimulating fractions enriched or depleted of E-rosette forming cells, the response was shown to be predominantly a T-cell response. A comparison of stimulation by SpA with that of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) proved SpA to be a potent T-cell mitogen. We suggest that SpA may be another useful mitogen for studying human T-cell growth and differentiation. PMID- 6606619 TI - Genetic control of T-cell subset representation in inbred mice. AB - Lyt-2+ T cells constitute a significantly greater proportion of the total peripheral T-cell population in C57BL mice than in BALB/c and other mouse strains. The inheritance of this differential representation of Lyt-2- vs. Lyt-2+ T cells was studied by two-color immunofluorescence analysis of peripheral T cell subsets in BALB/c, C57BL, F1 and F2 generations, and in CXB recombinant inbred strains. It was shown that the C57BL phenotype (low Lyt-2-/Lyt-2+ ratio) is a dominant Mendelian character. Studies of subpopulations of thymocytes and of early thymus emigrants indicate that the representation of mature Lyt-2- and Lyt 2+ T cells is influenced by mechanisms of selection or differential turnover in the peripheral lymphoid organs, but that thymic and prethymic influences may also play a role. PMID- 6606620 TI - The H-2dm1 mutation and Qa antigens. AB - The effect of the H-2dm1 mutation on Qa-m2 expression was examined. The mutant strain B10.D2-H-2dm1 showed a fourfold increase in Qa-m2 expression when compared with the parental strain B10.D2. Qa-m2 molecules immunoprecipitated from B10.D2-H 2dm1, C57BL/10, and B10.D2 spleen cells were identical by two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis [isoelectric focusing (IEF) followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE]). It is likely therefore that the increased Qa-m2 expression is not due to gross structural alterations of the Qa-m2 molecule; in the present study, alternative explanations are discussed. PMID- 6606622 TI - Effect of radiotherapy on lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with carcinoma of the breast & uterine cervix. PMID- 6606621 TI - Detection of heat-labile & non-dialysable rosette-inhibiting factor in sera of lymphoma patients. PMID- 6606623 TI - Inhibition of T-cell dependent humoral & cell-mediated immune responses by sera of Hodgkin's disease patients. PMID- 6606624 TI - Priming of virus-immune memory T cells in newborn mice. AB - Neonatal BALB/c mice can be primed at birth by intravenous inoculation of a small dose of A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) (PR8) influenza virus. UV-inactivated PR8 virus, or PR8 virus complexed with monoclonal antibody to give a secondary cytotoxic T lymphocyte response when restimulated in vitro as adults. The frequency of responding T cells after secondary stimulation in vitro is approximately 40% of that found for adult mice primed intraperitoneally with a large dose of PR8 virus. The majority of the T cells generated from mice primed at birth or as adults are cross-reactive for H-2-compatible targets infected with the PR8 (H1N1) or A/Hong Kong/X31 (H3N2) viruses. Splenocytes from neonates receiving UV-inactivated vaccinia virus at birth give an augmented secondary cytotoxic T lymphocyte response when restimulated 8 days later in adoptive irradiated adult hosts. We found no indications of specific immunological unresponsiveness in mice exposed to either virus. PMID- 6606625 TI - Induction of optimal mucosal antibody responses: effects of age, immunization route(s), and dosing schedule in rats. AB - The antitoxin response in intestinal mucosa was studied in rats immunized either intestinally or by combined parenteral and intestinal dosing with cholera toxin or cholera toxoid. Attention was given to the duration of enteric priming and the magnitude and time course of mucosal anti-cholera toxin responses in rats of defined age. Cholera toxin given only intraduodenally was a more efficient priming immunogen in young rats than in older rats and caused priming that lasted at least 32 weeks; repeated enteric doses increased local priming and repeatedly evoked vigorous mucosal anti-cholera toxin responses which occurred rapidly and declined slowly. Results differed when a portion of the immunizing regimen was parenteral. Cholera toxoid given intraperitoneally (i.p.) caused mucosal priming that peaked promptly and then rapidly declined; parenteral boosting after enteric priming was much more effective given i.p. than subcutaneously; moreover, the booster response was brief, virtually disappearing within 11 days, and could not be reproduced by a second i.p. immunization. These results accord with evidence that parenteral immunization both stimulates and suppresses mucosal secretory immunoglobulin A responses, whereas local immunization is not known to be suppressive. Evidence for parenterally induced suppression was the rapid decline in mucosal priming after i.p. immunization, the shortened mucosal antibody response after i.p. immunization, and possibly the inability to parenterally evoke a booster response twice. In these studies, the level of priming observed at different intervals after parenteral, enteric, or combined immunization appeared to reflect the sum of priming and suppressive effects evoked by the preceding immunization(s). PMID- 6606626 TI - Chlamydia trachomatis stimulates human peripheral blood B lymphocytes to proliferate and secrete polyclonal immunoglobulins in vitro. AB - Infectious Chlamydia trachomatis (LGV strain), obligate intracellular bacteria, stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes to proliferate and secrete immunoglobulins in vitro. In contrast, mock-infected preparations were unable to induce similar responses in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Although levels of immunoglobulin secreted into the media of LGV-stimulated cultures were greater than 10 micrograms/ml, we estimated that less than 1% of these molecules were directed against the bacteria itself, suggesting polyclonal antibody production. Since stimulation with Formalin-killed bacteria resulted in comparable numbers of plaque-forming cells (PFC) as infectious particles, we concluded that the polyclonal immunoglobulin response was not dependent on the in vitro chlamydial infectious process. The polyclonal PFC response induced by LGV was highly sensitive to monocyte inhibition. Although LGV induced proliferation of predominantly B cells, the numbers of generated PFC was increased by the addition of autologous T cells. Neither lymphocyte proliferation nor PFC responses of normal human volunteers correlated significantly with the presence or titer of antichlamydial antibodies in their sera. PMID- 6606627 TI - Endotoxin-induced in vitro release of interleukin-1 by cancer patients' monocytes: relation to stage of disease. AB - The in vitro release of IL-1 by monocytes in response to endotoxin was subnormal in many patients with breast cancer, malignant melanoma or colorectal cancer but not in patients with benign tumors of the breast or colon. In each of these groups, IL-1 release was low in patients with early cancer, normal in patients with regional metastases, and low in patients with disseminated cancer. PMID- 6606629 TI - Control of in vivo differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells. III. Regulation by T lymphocytes and inflammation. AB - Mouse and human (HL-60) MGI+D+ myeloid leukemic cells were induced to differentiate to mature cells in diffusion chambers implanted into the peritoneal cavity of normal mice when a xenogeneic source of serum was added to the diffusion chambers. Differentiation was inhibited in immune deficient mice including congenitally athymic nude and neonatally thymectomized mice, and mice treated with cyclophosphamide, hydrocortisone, or X-irradiation. There was no such inhibition of differentiation in mice with various genetic defects in their B lymphocytes, granulocytes, erythrocytes and natural killer cells. Differentiation in cyclophosphamide-treated mice was restored by a single intravenous injection of normal spleen cells highly enriched for T lymphocytes. Conditions permissive for differentiation were associated with a higher number of eosinophils in the peritoneum that conditions that inhibited differentiation. Intraperitoneal injections of inflammatory peritoneal exudate cells, peritoneal granulocytes, or the inflammation inducer sodium caseinate, restored the ability of defective mice to induce differentiation. Injections into defective mice of the normal mouse macrophage and granulocyte differentiation-inducing protein (MGI 2) restored differentiation of the mouse myeloid leukemic cells but not of the human myeloid leukemic cells. Differentiation of normal mouse bone marrow myeloid precursors to mature cells and of differentiation-defective (MGI-D-) mouse myeloid leukemic cells to intermediate stages of differentiation were not affected by the conditions that inhibited differentiation of the MGI+D+ myeloid leukemic cells. The results indicate: 1) that the intraperitoneal accumulation of inflammatory cells, including eosinophils, can induce differentiation of MGI+D+ leukemic cells in the peritoneal cavity; 2) that this response requires T lymphocytes and can be regulated by xenogeneic serum in the chamber; 3) that in vivo differentiation of normal and MGI+D+ myeloid leukemic cells can be regulated in different ways; and 4) that the in vivo differentiation of the mouse MGI+D+ leukemic cells, human MGI+D+ leukemic cells and mouse MGI-D- leukemic cells were induced by different compounds, so that differentiation of different types of leukemic cells may be differently regulated in vivo depending on which compounds induce differentiation. PMID- 6606628 TI - Protein A treatment of cancer: activation of a serum component with trans-species anti-B16 melanoma activity. AB - Mice (C57BL) succumbed to cultured B16 melanoma cells i.p. with reproducible kinetics and an MST2 of about 26 days. Serum from tumour-bearing or normal mice was treated at 0 degree C with fixed SAC cells and injected i.p. into fresh tumour-bearing mice. If serum was given 7 days or less after B16 inoculation, the MST of the mice was highly significantly increased by up to 32%. Similar activity has been generated in normal human, rabbit and guinea-pig serum, while untreated sera were ineffective. Apparently the sera contained an inactive native precursor that was activated by the SAC to produce an anti-tumour agent. Precursor and product were both relatively labile at 0 degree C. Anti-tumour activity was eluted at pH 2.5 from SAC or Sepharose-protein-A pretreated with serum, thus implicating the protein A component of SAC. The eluates contained haemolytically active C1, the first component of complement, and five crude C1 preparations made by standard methods showed good anti-tumour activity. However, seven other highly haemolytic C1 preparations had no anti-tumour effect. Similarly, two crude preparations of the subcomponent C1q had good anti-tumour activity, but eight other, more pure and highly haemolytic C1q preparations were inactive in mice. Thus the anti-tumour principle was not C1 or C1q alone, although it had some chemical properties in common with these substances. It remains unidentified, but has potential interest for cancer therapy. PMID- 6606630 TI - An example of medical audit under political pressure. AB - Management of medical services necessitates decisions regarding the possibly ineffective treatment programmes, hospitals and (even) individual practitioners. Although rigorous evaluations of effectiveness can only be achieved by randomized trials there has been, in recent years, much increase in audit (or peer review) activity. Ideally medical audit is undertaken as a collaborative exercise, and follows preplanned methods of data collection and evaluation of outcome. However, real management situations frequently do not conform to the ideal, as when the medico-political finger of accusation points at one particular hospital and asks for an immediate enquiry. This audit analyses the mortality and morbidity after coronary artery bypass graft surgery in the 'suspect' hospital and in control hospitals. The paper describes the difficulties of obtaining comparable records post hoc and the interpretations of small differences, mostly non-significant statistically yet possibly 'real', both in the characteristics of patients operated on and in the outcomes of operations. PMID- 6606631 TI - Familial obesity and leanness. AB - Using the Princeton School District Family Study cohort, our specific aim was to estimate the prevalence of suspected familial ponderosity and leanness, to provide empirical risk estimates for the proportion of probands' first-degree relatives who were similarly affected, and to estimate the contributions of diseases, drugs and caloric intake to relative obesity and leanness. We studied 379 probands, 125 whites and 52 blacks from a random recall group, 147 whites and 55 blacks from a hyperlipidemic recall group. Suspected familial obesity and leanness were arbitrarily identified in those kindreds with at least two first degree relatives in the same Quetelet index decile as the proband, top or bottom respectively. Suspected familial obesity was observed in 2.4 percent and 6 percent respectively of random and hyperlipidemic recall group whites. Suspected familial leanness was identified in 2.4 percent and 1.4 percent of random and hyperlipidemic recall whites and in 3.8 percent of randomly recalled blacks. Approximately twice as many as expected white first-degree relatives of top Quetelet index decile probands themselves had top decile Quetelet indices; approximately three times as many as expected first-degree relatives of bottom decile Quetelet index probands themselves had bottom decile Quetelet indices. Nineteen percent and 31 percent of top decile Quetelet index white probands from random and hyperlipidemic recall groups came from families where at least two other first-degree relatives were similarly obese; 18 percent and 20 percent of white random and hyperlipidemic recall group probands with bottom decile Quetelet indices had suspected familial leanness. Nearly all subjects with familial obesity or leanness had no overt metabolic or pharmacological explanations for their body habitus. Within-family clustering of hypertension was common in kindreds with suspected familial obesity and was absent in kindreds with suspected familial leanness. Marked within-family clustering of both obesity and leanness is useful diagnostically; therapeutic intervention to reduce obesity, to be most effective, should be family-wide in the many kindreds which share familial obesity. PMID- 6606632 TI - The response of previously irradiated mouse skin to heat alone or combined with irradiation: influence of thermotolerance. AB - The skin of the mouse foot was used to study the effects of previous irradiation on the response to hyperthermia (44 degrees C), to irradiation, or to irradiation combined with hyperthermia (43 degrees C or 44 degrees C). Hyperthermia was applied by immersing the mouse foot into a hot waterbath and irradiation was performed using a 250 kV X-ray generator. Previous irradiation of the feet of mice 90 days before, with 20 Gy, increased the subsequent response to heat alone, or when combined with irradiation, as well as to irradiation alone. It had little effect on the thermal enhancement ratio's for both acute and late skin reactions. Memory of the previous irradiation treatment could be masked when the temperature of the subsequent heat treatment alone, or when combined with irradiation, was 44 degrees C. A priming heat treatment induced resistance both to a subsequent heat treatment and to a subsequent combined irradiation-heat treatment in normal skin as well in previously irradiated skin. This 'resistance' is probably mainly the result of thermotolerance induced in cells in the skin by the priming heat treatment. In thermotolerant skin a 'memory' of the previous irradiation was always evident when the reaction after heat alone or heat combined with irradiation was measured. When the late skin reaction was considered, a larger 'memory' of the previous irradiation treatment was always evident, compared to the acute skin reaction: the 'remembered' dose in the late skin reaction was about two times the 'remembered dose' in the acute skin reaction. PMID- 6606633 TI - Radiation-induced hydroxylation of thymine promoted by electron-affinic compounds. AB - The effect of 20 electron-affinic compounds including nitroimidazoles, nitrofurans, nitrobenzenes, and quinones on the radiation-induced reaction of thymine in aqueous solution was studied under deaerated and N2O-saturated conditions. The radiolysis of thymine in aerated aqueous solution was also performed for comparison. Thymine decomposition was depressed to some extent by the addition of electron-affinic compounds in both deaerated and N2O-saturated solutions, while promoted in aerated solution. The radiolyses with varying concentration of misonidazole indicated that the depression of thymine decomposition can be attributed to a competition between thymine and electron affinic compounds for the reactions with .OH. Among the radiolysis products, the formation of thymine glycol was remarkably promoted by the addition of electron affinic compounds. Irrespective of structures of the electron-affinic compounds, the G-value of thymine glycol increased in sigmoidal form with increasing one electron reduction potential of the electron-affinic compounds and attained the ultimate values of ca. 1.1 and 1.8 in deaerated and N2O-saturated solutions, respectively. The results are in accord with one-electron oxidation of the hydroxythymyl radical, produced by the reaction of thymine with .OH, to the corresponding cation by electron-affinic compounds. The so-formed hydroxythymine cation undergoes solvolytic substitution to give thymine glycol. Based on the ultimate G-values of thymine glycol, the difference in reactivity between hydroxythymine-5-yl and 6-yl radicals toward electron-affinic compounds is discussed. PMID- 6606634 TI - The effect of low ionic strength on the radiation chemistry and physical properties of calf thymus DNA. AB - Studies of ultraviolet and circular dichroism spectra of aqueous solutions of calf thymus (CT) DNA confirm the tendency of DNA to change conformation at low ionic strength. The qualitative shape and transition width of 260 nm melting curves below 1 mM NaCl differed significantly from those previously published for DNA solutions containing 1 mM NaCl and above. Neutral aqueous solutions of CT DNA at low ionic strengths (0.1 mM-10 mM NaCl) were irradiated with low doses of gamma-rays. The melting temperature, Tm, of irradiated DNA samples increased below 1 mM NaCl suggesting interstrand crosslinking of the denatured DNA or formation of regions of more thermally stable DNA conformation. The magnitudes of these radiation responses were found to be a function of the time elapsed between salt concentration changes and irradiation as well as time after irradiation. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the purine and pyrimidine base chromophores in double stranded DNA are sheltered from radical attack by the sugar phosphate backbone. Low dose radiation studies (0.8-8.0 Gy) of CT DNA in 1 mM NaCl and below showed a split dose and dose rate dependence for the sample melting curves. PMID- 6606635 TI - Cross-sectional study of respiratory symptoms and pulmonary functions in rayon textile workers with special reference to H2S exposure. PMID- 6606636 TI - Strong HLA-DR expression in T cell cultures after activation is necessary for IL 2-dependent proliferation. AB - We have examined the appearance of DR antigens on human T cells activated by PHA, using a monoclonal anti-DR framework antibody and a large panel of human HLA typing sera. Strong DR expression within the culture by day 8 was associated with the ability of cells to grow for long periods in IL-2 containing medium, whereas weak or absent DR expression was predictive of poor in vitro growth. All the cells responded equivalently to initial stimulation with PHA. These data support the hypothesis proposed by Moretta et al. to explain blocking of IL-2-dependent proliferation by an anti-DR antibody--that DR molecules may be involved in the transmission of signals by IL-2. PMID- 6606637 TI - Canine and feline campylobacteriosis: epizootiology and clinical and public health features. PMID- 6606638 TI - Syntheses and biological activities of thiotetromycin analogs. PMID- 6606639 TI - Follow up of patients operated for coronary heart disease. A preliminary report on follow up of 40 operated patients. PMID- 6606640 TI - False popliteal aneurysm caused by exostosis of the femur. AB - A 45-year-old woman with a false aneurysm of the left popliteal artery caused by an exostosis of the femur is described. The patient had a tender swelling in the distal part of the thigh and a soft-tissue tumor was initially suspected. Diagnosis was made by ultrasonography, plain X-ray and angiography. The aneurysm and exostosis were resected. The literature regarding this condition is reviewed. Surgical treatment of popliteal aneurysm is recommended mainly because of the risk of occlusion of distal vessels by peripheral embolism. PMID- 6606641 TI - Occurrence of a monocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis fluids and its chromatographic behaviors and antigenicity compared with human urinary colony-stimulating factor. AB - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) fluid from three patients with chronic renal failure exhibited the activity of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) in amounts varying from 5 to 40 units per ml. Like the CSF obtained from normal human urine, the peritoneal CSF predominantly produced monocyte/macrophage colonies in soft-agar culture of mouse bone marrow cells. Semipurified peritoneal CSF showed its isoelectric point at pH 3.6 and 4.9 before and after the treatment with neuraminidase. Under the same conditions, the urinary CSF was focused at pH 3.1 and 4.6. The position of elution of the peritoneal and urinary CSF in ordinary gel-filtration chromatography corresponded to a molecular weight of 62,000 and 117,000, whereas both CSFs exhibited a molecular weight of 28,000 upon gel-filtration in the presence of 6 M guanidine HCl. Furthermore, the two CSFs from the human sources were neutralized by antimouse L cell CSF serum in the same manner. We conclude that the peritoneal CSF is a sialoglycoprotein which is nearly identical with the urinary CSF despite processing of the latter through kidneys. PMID- 6606642 TI - Purification of a human urinary colony-stimulating factor. AB - Colony-stimulating factor (CSF), a protein required for the in vitro formation of colonies composed of granulocytes and/or macrophages, was isolated from the urine of anemic patients by using a seven-step procedure. The purified, homogeneous CSF had a specific activity of 1.9 X 10(8) U/absorbance unit at 280 nm (AU). This represents an overall purification of 25,330-fold and a total recovery of 3.8%. Upon iodination of the protein, the radioactivity migrated on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis as a single peak with an apparent molecular weight of 46,000; reduction with mercaptoethanol caused dissociation to a single component of molecular weight 23,000. Only the dimer is active in stimulating colony formation. Urinary CSF stimulates formation of colonies comprising only macrophages in the mouse bone marrow cell culture assay. A neutralizing antibody raised against mouse L-cell CSF did not neutralize the activity of the urinary CSF but did bind it. This may indicate that the relative positions of antibody binding sites and the active sites are different in these two glycoproteins. PMID- 6606643 TI - Defective T-cell response to PHA and mitogenic monoclonal antibodies in male homosexuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and its in vitro correction by interleukin 2. AB - We studied the ability of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and two anti-T-cell monoclonal antibodies OKT3 and Pan T2, to induce proliferation and interleukin 2 (IL2) production in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 21 homosexual patients: 12 with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), 4 with reactive lymphadenopathy, and 5 with opportunistic infections. All patients with KS and opportunistic infections had significantly lower mitogen-stimulated DNA synthesis, as compared to the controls, irrespective of the mitogen used (P less than 0.01). The patients with lymphadenopathy exhibited significantly lower responses only in the OKT3 assay as compared to normals (P = 0.009). The production of endogenous IL2 was significantly lower in PBL cultures from patients with KS and with opportunistic infections, irrespective of the mitogen used, as compared to healthy male controls, and also significantly lower in the Pan T2-stimulated cultures from patients with lymphadenopathy. The addition of highly purified IL2 was able to restore partially lymphocyte proliferation in vitro in the presence of these mitogens in all patients. Our studies demonstrate (1) that male homosexuals even without clinical manifestations of immunodeficiency frequently exhibit a proliferative T-cell defect when anti-T-cell monoclonal antibodies rather than PHA are used as mitogens, (2) that this proliferative defect is associated with defective IL2 production, and (3) that this defect is at least in part correctable in vitro by highly purified IL2. PMID- 6606645 TI - A balanced brain asymmetry modulates T cell-mediated events. AB - Partial ablation of the left fronto-parietal cerebral cortex decreases the number of spleen T cells, impairs IgG-alpha SRBC and T mitogen-induced responses, and delays the response to alloantigens. In contrast, these events are increased following a symmetric lesion of the right neocortex. The findings extend previous results showing that the neocortex modulates NK activity and the efficacy of T cell-specific serum factors. B cells and macrophages are not affected. In these assays, mice subjected to ablation of one lateral cerebral neocortex serve as controls for symmetrically lesioned mice, in addition to no surgery or sham operated controls. The findings suggest that brain lateralization for cognitive processes should be extended to T cell immune recognition. The phenomenon is present at a population level. PMID- 6606644 TI - Studies of lymphocyte subpopulations in the liver tissue and blood of patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH). AB - Monoclonal antibodies to antigens on the surfaces of mononuclear cells (MNC) were used to characterize lymphocyte subpopulations infiltrating portal areas and parenchyma of livers in 31 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH). The distribution and numbers of infiltrating lymphocytes were determined in serial sections immunostained by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. T lymphocytes were the major component of inflammatory cells in the portal tracts. In the peripheral blood and portal areas, T helper-inducer (T4+) cells were the more numerous subpopulation. However, the hepatic lobules and areas of "piecemeal" necrosis always contained more T suppressor-cytotoxic (T8+) cells. The latter were demonstrated in contact with HBsAg-containing hepatocytes in tissues of patients with HBsAg-positive CAH. The mean numbers of T lymphocytes infiltrating the portal and periportal areas of livers from patients with HBsAg negative and HBsAg-positive CAH were not different. Large numbers of B cells forming distinct follicles were seen in tissues from patients with HBsAg-positive CAH. The presence of increased numbers of portal T and B lymphocytes correlated with progressive liver damage as observed in two patients studied at yearly intervals. PMID- 6606646 TI - Dual effect of glia maturation factor on astrocytes. Differentiation and release of interleukin-1 like factors. AB - C6 glioma cells, and primary cultures of mouse astrocytes, stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) release an interleukin-1 like factor (IL-1) which enhances lectin-induced T-lymphocyte proliferation and promotes the release of interleukin-2 (IL-2) by ConA-stimulated thymocytes. In the present study, the glia maturation factor (GMF) was found not only to induce differentiation of glioblasts, but also to elicit the secretion of IL-1 like factors by cultured mouse astrocytes and their precursor cells. GMF was also effective in triggering IL-1 release by macrophages. Contamination of the 23 000 MW GMF preparation with LPS was excluded by the Limulus lysate assay and by using C3H/HeJ LPS nonresponder mice whose glia and macrophages responded to GMF but not to LPS, by IL-1 release. Through its ability to induce glial differentiation and IL-1 release, GMF may represent an important endogenous signal, triggering both reactive gliosis and the development of an immune response within the central nervous system. PMID- 6606647 TI - Psychopharmacological activity of anaphylatoxin C3a in rat hypothalamus. AB - C3a anaphylatoxin injected into the perifornical hypothalamic region of sated rats increased the eating response to norepinephrine and the drinking response to carbamyl choline but had no effect on food or water intake in sated, saline control animals. This potentiation of drug-stimulated intakes was reversible by intrahypothalamic injection of catecholamine receptor antagonists haloperidol and phentolamine. We propose that C3a acts as a catecholamine agonist in the central nervous system. The results suggest that C3a may play a role in mediating the neuropsychiatric manifestations associated with immune complex formation or deposition in the central nervous system. PMID- 6606648 TI - Surface markers on lymphocytes from human cerebrospinal fluid. Identification by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Lymphocyte subpopulations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood (PB) were studied using monoclonal antibodies and the common membrane markers. The results in three groups of patients were compared: 36 subjects with 'non immunological disorders' (NID), 14 subjects with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 6 with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). It was found that, in patients with NID, (1) 90% of cells were T lymphocytes, reactive with OKT3; (2) the helper/suppressor (T4/T8) ratios were the same in the CSF and the PB; (3) the OKIa1 percentage was lower in the CSF than in the PB; and (4) only a few cells were 'immature', reacting with OKT10. Using the membrane markers (E rosettes, Fc IgG receptors and surface immunoglobulins), on the other hand, it was noted that the majority of cells in the CSF were identified as suppressor T lymphocytes and surface immunoglobulin-positive B cells were less common than the Ia1 marker suggested. There were no significant differences between the CSF results in patients with NID and MS but the OKT3 lymphocytes were reduced in CSF samples from patients with SSPE. PMID- 6606649 TI - Thumb and finger sucking habits. PMID- 6606650 TI - Transient malocclusion. PMID- 6606651 TI - HLA-DR histocompatibility leukocyte antigens permit cultured human melanoma cells from early but not advanced disease to stimulate autologous lymphocytes. AB - HLA-DR histocompatibility antigens are commonly expressed by the melanocytes of melanoma and its precursors, but not by the melanocyte of normal skin. Further, the primary lesion of biologically early melanoma is commonly infiltrated with host T cells. Advanced disease is characterized by a paucity of such cells. To investigate the interaction of melanoma cells and autologous lymphocytes and its dependence on HLA-DR expression, we have established cell lines from biologically early (4 lines) and advanced disease (11 lines) and examined their capacity to stimulate blastogenesis of autologous T cells in vitro. Melanocytes from early disease expressed HLA-DR antigens and stimulated autologous T cells. Those from advanced disease, irrespective of DR expression, were nonstimulatory. To determine whether expression of DR was required for melanoma cells to be stimulatory, we first treated a stimulating cell line of DR3 allospecificity with anti-DR3-specific serum and demonstrated marked inhibition of its capacity to provoke blastogenesis. Next we used fluorescence-activated flow cytometry to sort a stimulating line heterogeneous for DR expression into DR-enriched and -depleted populations. When such cells were examined in the lymphocyte proliferation assay, their stimulatory capacity was proportional to their quantitative expression of HLA-DR. These studies indicate that cell lines may reflect important biological differences between early and advanced melanoma. HLA-DR expression may be an early event in neoplasia of melanocytes. These antigens are able to interact directly with autologous T cells; and their expression is necessary, but not sufficient, for melanoma cells to induce lymphocyte proliferation. PMID- 6606653 TI - Non-volatile fatty acids in the diagnosis of non-specific vaginitis. AB - In the vaginal washings of 100 women with symptomatic non-specific vaginitis a succinate/lactate ratio of greater than or equal to 0.4 had a diagnostic sensitivity of 80%, a specificity of 83% for this condition. The predictive value of a positive test was 94%, but that of a negative test was only 55%. A strong association between the presence of Gardnerella vaginalis, anaerobes, a vaginal pH of above 4.5, and amines was found not only in non-specific vaginitis, but also in trichomonal and gonococcal infection. A variety of primary changes may encourage the multiplication of both gardnerellae and anaerobes and their presence in non-specific vaginitis may be a secondary rather than a primary event. PMID- 6606654 TI - Accuracy of regeneration of vagal parasympathetic axons. AB - The degree of accuracy with which regenerating preganglionic parasympathetic fibers can restore their original connections was examined in the frog, Rana pipiens. The normal motor pool of the vagus nerve was determined by labeling the vagal cardiac branch fibers with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Cardiac neurons form a relatively compact subgroup within the rostral half of the vagal motor column and represent less than 5% of the total vagal motor pool. Five to 14 weeks after crushing the vagus nerve, HRP labeling revealed that a more extensive population of vagal motor neurons has reinnervated the cardiac branch. The regenerated cardiac motor neuron pool is about twice as numerous as normal but is still centered in the rostral half of the vagal motor column. These experiments show that regeneration of the cardiac branch of the vagus nerve is neither a random process nor one which is completely accurate. Some degree of accuracy is maintained during regeneration following a crush lesion. Neurons nearer the original cardiac motor pool are more likely to reinnervate the cardiac branch than are vagal motor neurons located at some distance from the original cardiac pool. PMID- 6606652 TI - Immunosuppression by D-penicillamine in vitro. Inhibition of human T lymphocyte proliferation by copper- or ceruloplasmin-dependent generation of hydrogen peroxide and protection by monocytes. AB - It has been suggested that D-penicillamine is active in rheumatoid arthritis because of its capacity to function as a selective inhibitor of T lymphocyte function. The basis for the immunosuppressive action of this drug as well as mechanisms whereby the effect of D-penicillamine could be modified by elements of rheumatoid synovial tissue were examined. As previously reported, D penicillamine, in the presence of copper ions markedly inhibited mitogen-induced human T lymphocyte DNA synthesis. Since the vast majority of copper in the body exists as an integral part of the ceruloplasmin molecule, the capacity of this cuproprotein to augment D-penicillamine-mediated inhibition of T cell function was examined. The requirement for copper ions could be entirely replaced by purified ceruloplasmin, which had been depleted of nonspecifically bound copper by passage over Chelex-100 columns. The mechanism by which D-penicillamine in the presence of either copper ions or ceruloplasmin caused inhibition of T lymphocyte responsiveness was examined. Partial protection from this inhibitory effect was accomplished by sodium borohydride. While superoxide dismutase had no protective effect, catalase was found to protect lymphocyte responsiveness totally from the inhibitory action of D-penicillamine and either copper ions or ceruloplasmin. Similarly, horseradish peroxidase and myeloperoxidase also protected responsiveness from these inhibitors while boiled catalase was without effect. These results indicate that inhibition of T lymphocyte responsiveness resulted from the generation of hydrogen peroxide. Since a number of cells likely to be present at chronic inflammatory sites, such as mononuclear phagocytes, contain enzymatic mechanisms to degrade hydrogen peroxide, the modulatory influence of these cells on the inhibition of T cell function caused by D-penicillamine and copper was examined. Monocytes, whose function was not suppressed by D penicillamine and copper, were found to protect T lymphocyte responsiveness from the inhibitory effects of either the mixture of D-penicillamine and CuSO4 or of hydrogen peroxide. By contrast, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, or cells obtained from enzyme-digested noninflamed synovium could not protect T cells from the inhibitory effects of D-penicillamine and copper. Protection of T cells was afforded by means of a heat labile, azide-sensitive soluble factor present in lysates of human monocytes. These results indicate that the mechanism whereby D penicillamine in the presence of copper or ceruloplasmin inhibits T lymphocyte responsiveness involves the generation of hydrogen peroxide and that other neighboring cells likely to be found w PMID- 6606655 TI - Central projections of the brachial nerve in bullfrogs: muscle and cutaneous afferents project to different regions of the spinal cord. AB - The central projections of muscle and cutaneous sensory neurons in the bullfrog were labeled by filling their peripheral axons in the forelimb with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Muscle afferent fibers were found to project exclusively to the ventral neuropil of the brachial spinal cord in the intermediate gray zone. Cutaneous afferent axons had their arbors limited to the dorsal neuropil. There is therefore a topography in the central representation of two classes of sensory modalities. PMID- 6606656 TI - Performance study of the PC-384 positron camera system for emission tomography of the brain. AB - A positron camera system PC-384 has been designed and built for quantitative positron emission computed tomography of the brain. This head scanner consists of 384 bismuth germanate oxide scintillation detectors with a crystal packing fraction of 80%. The entire detector assembly rotates around a small circle (wobble) to achieve the necessary ray sampling. Seven simultaneous images are produced with four detector rings. Performances of the system are discussed and clarified based on experimental data. PMID- 6606657 TI - Positron emission tomography and computed tomography assessments of the aging human brain. AB - The relationship between alterations in brain structure and brain function was studied in vivo in both young and elderly human subjects. Computed tomography revealed significant age-related ventricular and cortical sulcal dilatation. The cortical changes were most closely related to age. Positron emission tomography failed to show regional changes in brain glucose metabolic rate. The results suggest that the normal aging brain undergoes structural atrophic changes without incurring regional metabolic changes. Examination of the correlations between the structural and the metabolic measures revealed no significant relationships. These data are discussed with respect to the significant structure-function relationships that have been reported in Alzheimer disease. PMID- 6606658 TI - Origin of the left anterior descending coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. 3 year angiographic follow-up after saphenous vein bypass graft and proximal ligation. AB - A 55 year old woman had an extremely rare congenital anomaly of the coronary circulation in which the left anterior descending coronary artery arose from the pulmonary artery. Proximal ligation and saphenous vein grafting to the aberrant vessel were performed. Five month and 3 year angiographic follow-up studies demonstrated 1) a widely patent vein graft, 2) regression of large collateral vessels between the right coronary and circumflex arteries and the left anterior descending artery, and 3) marked attenuation of the distal right coronary and left circumflex arteries on the 3 year study. This report describes the clinical course of the oldest reported patient with this unique coronary artery anomaly and the only angiographic study of the effect of ligation and saphenous bypass grafting on its natural history. PMID- 6606659 TI - Graft patency in patients with coronary artery bypass operation complicated by perioperative myocardial infarction. AB - Coronary artery bypass graft patency was examined by contrast-enhanced computed tomography in 18 patients with perioperative myocardial infarction soon after surgery to determine the role of graft occlusion. Preoperative coronary angiograms were reviewed to assess native coronary disease and visible collateral channels in the distribution of the myocardial infarction. Perioperative myocardial infarction was diagnosed if creatine kinase-MB was elevated, characteristic electrocardiographic changes occurred and, in the majority of cases, the pyrophosphate scan was positive. Fourteen patients (78%) had patent grafts and perioperative myocardial infarction in the distribution of the grafted vessel. Four patients had an occluded graft with infarction in the distribution of the grafted vessel. Among the 14 patients with patent grafts, there was a significant difference (p less than 0.0005) in the degree of the mean (+/- standard deviation) diameter stenosis of 80 +/- 11% in native coronary vessels supplying the perioperatively infarcted myocardium versus a 55 +/- 12% mean diameter stenosis in the 23 bypassed native coronary vessels supplying noninfarcted myocardium. It is concluded that the majority of perioperative myocardial infarcts associated with coronary artery bypass operations are not caused by graft occlusion. The severity of coronary obstruction in the grafted vessel and the lack of collateral vessels to the region of perioperative infarction in patients with patent grafts suggests that an island of jeopardized myocardium exists that is subject to inadequate intraoperative preservation. PMID- 6606660 TI - Cryosurgery for life-threatening bleeding hemorrhoids in the elderly. AB - Forty-three elderly patients with massive bleeding of hemorrhoidal varices were treated by cryosurgery at a single outpatient session, using nitrous oxide gas, without premedication or anesthesia. The results were excellent in all but one patient, who had ulcerative colitis and required another session of cryotherapy following a recurrence of bleeding. There was no morbidity and no mortality. The patients have remained free of symptoms over follow-up periods ranging from two to five years. The authors believe that cryosurgery is the treatment of choice and indeed may sometimes be life-saving for elderly, poor-risk patients who are unfit for general anesthesia and surgical hemorrhoidectomy. PMID- 6606661 TI - An exact procedure for the analysis of heterogeneous kinetics in polyclonal antibody populations. AB - Antibody populations with heterogeneous binding properties exhibit complex first order dissociation kinetics. An analytical method has been developed to determine the average dissociation rate constant and the heterogeneity index of a specific antibody population. This procedure was based on Laplace transformation of the gamma distribution function, which yielded an exact, macroscopic rate law for the entire antibody population. Linearization of the macroscopic rate law is achieved by plotting data points versus their numerical derivatives using log-log axes. Linear regression of such plots yields the average dissociation rate constant from the Y-intercept, and heterogeneity index from the slope. This analytic method is transparent to the antibody system and kinetic assay employed, requiring only a programmable calculator to perform the necessary calculations. The usefulness of this analytic method was demonstrated by the evaluation of dissociation kinetics in murine monoclonal and rabbit polyclonal anti-fluorescyl IgG antibody populations. PMID- 6606662 TI - Acquisition and extinction of conditioned suppression of a graft-vs-host response in the rat. AB - Injection of rats with cyclophosphamide (CY) after their consumption of a novel saccharin-flavored drinking solution results in a conditioned aversion to saccharin and a conditioned suppression of immune responses. In this study, female Lewis X Brown Norwegian F1 rats were conditioned by pairing saccharin with 50 mg/kg CY. Seven weeks later (day 0), a graft-vs-host response (GvHR) was induced in these animals by injecting splenic leukocytes from Lewis donors into a rear footpad. At this time, some conditioned animals were reexposed to saccharin, the conditioned stimulus. During the 7-wk interval between conditioning and immunization, subgroups of conditioned rats were given 0, 4, 9, or 18 extinction trials (saccharin followed by saline injections). Animals receiving 4, 9, or 18 extinction trials showed a greater preference for saccharin on day 0 than did animals receiving no extinction trials, but these groups did not differ among themselves; all conditioned groups showed a lower preference for saccharin than placebo-treated animals. There was a clear effect of number of extinction trials on the GvHR. Animals receiving 9 or 18 extinction trials did not differ from controls, whereas animals receiving 0 or 4 trials had a milder GvHR than did conditioned rats that were not reexposed to saccharin at the time of immunization. These results confirm a previous report of conditioned suppression of a GvHR, demonstrate that conditioned immunopharmacologic responses are subject to experimental extinction, and indicate that conditioned immunosuppression can be dissociated from conditioned taste aversion. PMID- 6606663 TI - Identification and characterization of an apparent germline set of auto-anti idiotypic regulatory B lymphocytes. AB - By fusing BALB/c splenic lymphocytes from mice immunized with phosphorylcholine (PC) to an immunoglobulin nonproducing plasmacytoma cell line, a B cell hybridoma was isolated (MM-60) that has been shown by multiple criteria to produce a bona fide auto-anti-(anti-T15 idiotype) antibody. In vivo administration of MM-60 antibody suppressed T15+ anti-PC antibody production in an idiotope-specific manner by activation of an intervening set of anti-T15 B cells. These T15 specific B cells i) appeared to express germline-encoded variable region gene products, ii) developed in parallel to, but independent of, T15+ B cells, and iii) suppressed the anti-PC response in a T cell-independent fashion. Variants of T15+ anti-PC B cells possessing aberrant immunoglobulin heavy chain D region structure escaped from the suppression imposed by this anti-T15 B cell set, suggesting that a function of the heavy chain D region may be to contribute to the formation of molecular target sites for idiotype-directed regulatory cells and/or antibodies. The indigenous nature of these particular populations of anti idiotypic and anti-(anti-idiotypic) B cells and the ability of their immunoglobulin products to regulate antigen-specific B cells in vivo provides strong supportive evidence for the significant role idiotype-directed network interactions play in regulating specific antibody production during a normal immune response. PMID- 6606664 TI - Alloantibodies to PHA-activated lymphocytes detect human Qa-like antigens. AB - Platelet-absorbed sera were obtained from placental clots after delivery by multiparous women. These sera contained antibodies that react with PHA-activated lymphocytes after the latter are separated from peripheral blood and expanded with interleukin 2. These alloantibodies did not react with resting T lymphocytes, but reacted with B lymphocytes, PHA-activated lymphocytes, or both types of cells obtained from some but not all of the T lymphocyte donors. Reactions against B lymphocytes were associated with anti-Ia-like antibodies on the basis of blockage by turkey antibodies against human Ia. Reactions against PHA-activated lymphocytes that were blocked by turkey anti-beta 2m were classified as 'HT'. Several antibodies were found to give reactions to HT determinants in separate panels of lymphocytes from Tel Aviv and Boston. The reproducibility of the cytotoxicity reactions was 89%. Altogether, 23 of 1100 sera were found to contain these reactions when screened by a panel of cells obtained from 30 individuals of known HLA phenotypes. Correlation coefficients were determined for all reactions, determining three clusters of significant reactivities: sera 965 and 1032 defined HT-2; sera SF48 and 1642 defined HT-3; and sera 1136, 1605, 1014, and 1227 defined HT-4. HT-2 was found to be inherited with HLA in 11 siblings from four families. Some of these antibodies react with antigens (non-HLA) containing beta 2m that were expressed on activated lymphocytes, but not on resting T lymphocytes, and did not react with thymocytes from the same donors of the peripheral lymphocytes. Our findings suggest that the HT alloantigens expressed on lectin-activated lymphocytes are class I differentiation antigens of a system analogous to the murine Qa system. PMID- 6606665 TI - Suppression of murine lupus nephritis by administration of an anti-idiotypic antibody to anti-DNA. AB - The suppression of pathogenic antibodies to DNA in NZB/NZW f1 female mice was achieved by repeated inoculation of the mice with a monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody (anti-Id). The anti-Id, an IgG1, kappa, was directed against a major cross-reactive idiotype (Id) on NZB/NZW IgG antibodies to DNA. One hundred micrograms of the anti-Id were inoculated i.p. every 2 wk, beginning at 6 wk of age (nondiseased mice--no circulating anti-DNA or proteinuria) or 20 wk of age (diseased mice--all with circulating anti-DNA, one-third with proteinuria). As controls, littermates received an IgG, kappa non-DNA-binding myeloma or no treatment. In the young mice, nephritis and anti-DNA antibodies appeared at the same time in all groups, and their circulating antibodies to DNA did not bear the target Id. In the older (20-wk-old) mice, survival was significantly prolonged because of delay in the onset of nephritis; the total quantities of antibodies to DNA were diminished, and the target Id, initially present on circulating IgG, was deleted. These benefits were transient; the suppression of antibodies was followed by the appearance of large quantities of anti-DNA that did not bear the major Id. Therefore, although administration of anti-Id was effective in reducing an undesirable antibody response after the target Id was present on circulating antibodies, the benefits were limited, probably by Id "switch" or by increased synthesis of pathogenic antibodies bearing a minor Id. PMID- 6606666 TI - B cell maturation factor (BMF): a lymphokine or family of lymphokines promoting the maturation of B lymphocytes. AB - Two in vitro B cell tumor lines have been used to characterize and partially purify a lymphokine, or family of lymphokines, from monoclonal helper T cell immune response supernatants. These lymphokines induce the pre-B-like 70Z/3 tumor cell to synthesize Ig L chains and express complete Ig molecules on its cell surface, and cause the mature B cell-like WEHI-279 tumor cell to increase its ratio of secretory to membrane mu production, begin high rate Ig secretion, and then die. Most of the activity responsible for these changes co-purifies during five different separation procedures, implying the existence of a discrete molecule or closely related class of molecules able to mediate all of these effects. The molecules active in these systems appear distinct from the other lymphokines IL 1, IL 2, G/M-CSA, TRF, IFN, BCGF, and the activity variously termed IL 3/BPA/PSF/HCGF/MCGF, etc. We call these B cell-differentiating molecules BMF, or B cell maturation factor(s). The BMF molecules are mildly acidic (pI 5 to 6 in various conditions), extremely hydrophobic, probably heterogeneously glycosylated glycoproteins, with an apparent m.w. of 50,000 to 55,000 by gel permeation chromatography and 16,000 by SDS-PAGE. BMF has been purified approximately 3000-fold by three sequential chromatographic steps, with the use of the B tumor line assay systems. BMF molecules thus purified also cause normal resting splenic B cells to mature to the state of active Ig secretion. PMID- 6606667 TI - Lymphokine regulation of activated (G1) lymphocytes. II. Glucocorticoid and anti Tac-induced inhibition of human T lymphocyte proliferation. AB - The regulation of the first cell cycle of human, activated (G1) PBL was analyzed by flow cytometry and [3H]thymidine incorporation. Endogenous IL 2 production was blocked in situ by pharmacologic concentration of DEX (100 to 1000 nM), resulting in an 80 to 90% reduction of thymidine uptake. Although T lymphocyte activation (G0-G1a transition) by PHA was unaltered, cells remained in the G1a phase of the cell cycle due to insufficient RNA synthesis for proliferation. The addition of IL 2-containing supernatants reversed this inhibitory effect of DEX by allowing the cells to synthesize more RNA (G1a-G1b transition). Such cells could enter the S phase and proliferate. Similar studies were performed on cells treated with a monoclonal antibody (anti-Tac) against the IL 2 receptor. In these studies, IL 2 induced RNA synthesis, and subsequent proliferation of DEX-treated and PHA stimulated cells was inhibited by anti-Tac. Anti-Tac did not, however, inhibit the effect of endogenous IL 2 (PHA-stimulated PBL without DEX treatment), although it did bind equally well to such cells. Thus, IL 2 directly or indirectly regulates human T cell proliferation at the level of RNA synthesis. Furthermore, anti-Tac can inhibit the mitogenic signal given by endogenous IL 2, but not by in situ produced IL 2, an observation of importance to further investigations of the mechanisms by which IL 2 interacts with specific receptors to elicit proliferation. PMID- 6606668 TI - Inhibition of T cell-mediated cytotoxicity by anti-inflammatory steroids. AB - We have tested the capacity of glucocorticoids to modulate the effector function of splenic cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) obtained after i.p. immunization with allogeneic cells. Although acute exposure to glucocorticoids did not inhibit the activity of freshly obtained splenic CTL, preincubation of these CTL for several hours with subnanomolar concentrations of several different glucocorticoids caused marked inhibition. The relative inhibitory potency of the steroids tested correlated with their reported activity both in glucocorticoid receptor binding assays and in assays of anti-inflammatory potency in man. The inhibitory effects of low concentrations (10(-10) M to 10(-9) M) of dexamethasone were reversed by human or mouse interleukin 2 (IL 2)-containing supernatants, but were not reversed by IL 1-containing supernatants. The inhibitory effects of higher concentrations (10(-8) M to 10(-7) M) of dexamethasone could not be reversed even by very high doses of mouse IL 2. In contrast to previous reports of minimal direct glucocorticoid effects on CTL activity, the present results suggest that after preincubation, splenic CTL from in vivo-immune mice are sensitive to inhibition by glucocorticoids, and that the glucocorticoids may act both indirectly (on IL 2 production) and directly on the CTL. PMID- 6606669 TI - Rat T lymphocyte antigens comparable with mouse Lyt-1 and Lyt-2,3 antigenic systems: characterization by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Rat T lymphocyte antigens were defined by using two distinct monoclonal antibodies (R1-3B3 and R1-10B5). R1-3B3 antibody, when tested for its reactivity with rat lymphoid cells by immunofluorescence, stained almost all of thymus and T cells but not the majority of B cells and bone marrow cells. The antigen defined by R1-3B3 existed more abundantly on medullary thymocytes and peripheral T cells than on cortical thymocytes. Immunochemical data showed that R1-3B3 antibody recognized a single glycoprotein with a m.w. of 67,000, showing marked electric charge heterogeneity with isoelectric points ranging from 5.4 to 7.3. R1-10B5 antibody, on the other hand, had more restricted reactivity with rat T cells and labeled approximately 85% of thymus cells and 30% of the peripheral T cells but neither B cells nor bone marrow cells. These T cells positive for R1-10B5 appeared to be negative for W3/25 antigen, which has been shown to be the marker for the rat T cell subset associated with helper function. R1-10B5 antibody detected a basic glycoprotein complex consisting of sulfhydryl-linked subunits with 30,000 and 34,000 m.w. Although the antigen defined by R1-3B3 was resistant to trypsin digestion, the one detected by R1-10B5 was much more sensitive to trypsin cleavage. All of these data obtained with either R1-3B3 or R1-10B5 are quite comparable to those reported for mouse Lyt-1 or Lyt-2,3 antigens, and thus suggest that the antigens defined by R1-3B3 and R1-10B5 antibodies represent rat homologues of Lyt-1 and Lyt-2,3 antigens in the murine system, respectively. PMID- 6606670 TI - Cell surface antigens expressed by subsets of pre-B cells and B cells. AB - A large number of monoclonal antibodies, produced by immunizing rats with mouse pre-B cell lines, have been analyzed for their ability to define cell surface antigens expressed by B cells at early stages of differentiation. Whereas many antibodies recognized antigens on pre-B cell lines, only two clones detected cell surface antigens that were distinguished by their restricted distribution among a panel of continuous cell lines and cells from various tissues. Monoclonal antibody clone AA4.1 recognized a cell surface antigen found on all pre-B lymphomas and on one of three B lymphomas tested. This antigen was found on cells at highest frequency in the bone marrow. Adult spleen and fetal liver also have detectable numbers of AA4.1+ cells. Cells that did not express this antigen include plasmacytomas, two of three B lymphomas, T lymphomas, a stem cell line, adult liver, brain, thymus, and lymph node cells. Clone GF1.2 detected an antigen on some pre-B cell lines, one of three B lymphomas tested, and a small fraction of cells from adult bone marrow, spleen, lymph node, and fetal liver. Plasmacytomas, some pre-B lymphomas, two B lymphomas, T lymphomas, adult liver, brain, and thymus cells were negative. In adult bone marrow, AA4.1 bound to all cytoplasmic IgM+ pre-B cells, whereas GF1.2 detected one-half of these cells. Both antibodies recognized approximately 50% of surface IgM+ (sIgM+) bone marrow cells. A small population of bone marrow cells lacking any detectable Ig (surface or cytoplasmic) also reacted with these antibodies. Depletion of AA4.1 or GF1.2 antigen-bearing cells from bone marrow reduced the ability of bone marrow B cells to respond to LPS by 50 to 65%. Experiments with a cloned pre-B lymphoma demonstrate that AA4.1+ pre-B cells become sIgM+ GF1.2+ B cells after activation with LPS. These antibodies recognize cell surface determinants with restricted distribution among the B lymphocyte lineage because they detect antigens displayed by normal and transformed immature B lymphocytes. PMID- 6606671 TI - Interaction of vasoactive intestinal peptide with mouse lymphocytes: specific binding and the modulation of mitogen responses. AB - Binding of radioiodinated vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) to mouse lymphocytes has been investigated. Specific cell binding of 125I-VIP was demonstrated with lymphocytes from mesenteric lymph nodes, subcutaneous lymph nodes, spleen, and Peyer's patches. The binding of VIP by these cells was accounted for by VIP binding sites upon T cells rather than non-T cells. In the presence of VIP, the in vitro response of lymphocytes to the T cell mitogens concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was inhibited in a dose dependent fashion, whereas that to the B cell mitogen lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was not. There was a close correlation between the potency of VIP and some structurally related peptides for inhibition of 125I-VIP binding and the effect of those peptides on T cell mitogen responses. These observations demonstrate that mouse T lymphocytes have specific VIP receptors and that VIP can modulate the response of T cells to mitogenic stimulation. VIP may be an important immunoregulatory molecule, and may be implicated in the regulation of T cell function in mucosal tissues innervated by VIP-containing neurons. PMID- 6606672 TI - Phenotypic modulation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells by phorbol ester: induction of IgM secretion and changes in the expression of B cell-associated surface antigens. AB - Freshly explanted neoplastic populations from 22 cases of phenotypically well characterized chronic type B lymphocytic leukemia were studied for their capacity to respond to the phorbol ester TPA in vitro. In all but four cases the secretion of IgM was either induced or increased, often to a high level. In contrast, the export of free immunoglobulin (Ig) light chains, an almost consistent feature of the B lymphocytic leukemias, remained relatively constant after TPA treatment. Parallel changes in leukemic cell surface phenotype were probed with both "conventional" and monoclonal antibodies, revealing some modulation of markers in every case investigated. A diminution in the level of surface Ig (preferentially IgD) and the accumulation of cytoplasmic Ig observed after phorbol ester treatment were accompanied by a corresponding reduction or loss of the B1 antigen and usually of B2 when present. The most consistent change induced by TPA was the appearance of BB-1, a marker of activated B lymphocytes, which was rarely expressed on fresh leukemic cells. Another marker of activated lymphocytes, LB-1, was also often induced or increased in its expression after exposure of the cells to TPA. The magnitude of the TPA response appeared to relate to the stage of maturation arrest of the individual leukemic clones rather than to any clinical parameter explored. The significance of the findings to normal B cell differentiation and their potential clinical utility are discussed. PMID- 6606673 TI - Nomenclature for lymphokines regulating B lymphocytes. PMID- 6606674 TI - Protein A and enterotoxin A: two distinct Staphylococcus mitogens for human T lymphocytes. PMID- 6606675 TI - Mechanism of cell-mediated cytotoxicity at the single cell level. VI. Direct assessment of the cytotoxic potential of human peripheral blood non-lytic effector-target cell conjugates. AB - Single cell cytotoxicity assays reveal that a large percentage of lymphocytes are unable to kill attached targets in a 4- to 18-hr assay. Additional signals (in the form of lectin or anti-target antibody) delivered to target-bound lymphocytes enable these previously non-lytic lymphocytes to kill attached target cells. This finding was obtained by using a modification of the single cell assay, in which lectin or target cell antibody is incorporated into agarose with preformed lymphocyte-target conjugates. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) or Percoll density gradient-enriched large granular lymphocytes (LGL) were used as effector cells in natural killer (NK), antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (LDCC) assay systems. The targets used were NK-sensitive K562 and Molt-4 and NK insensitive Raji. Several findings were made in the modified single cell assay, namely a) the frequency of cytotoxic NK or ADCC effector cells was not augmented, suggesting that the initial trigger was sufficient for lytic expression in these instances. Furthermore, these results showed that the NK-sensitive targets used do not bind nonspecifically to the LDCC effector cells. K562 coated with Con A, however, serve as LDCC targets. b) The frequency of two target conjugate lysis by NK/K effectors was not augmented by Con A. These results suggest that Con A does not potentiate the killing of multiple targets bound to a single cytotoxic lymphocyte. c) Although conjugates formed between LGL or PBL and NK-insensitive Raji are non-lethal, significant lysis was observed when these conjugates were suspended in Con A or antibody agarose. These results demonstrate that Raji bind to cytotoxic NK, K, and LDCC effector cells, but are lysed only when the appropriate trigger is provided. d) The cytotoxic potential of non-lytic conjugates appears to lie within the low density Percoll fraction, although the high density lymphocytes are able to nonlethally bind to targets. Altogether the results demonstrate that target recognition and/or binding by the effector cells is a distinct event from the trigger or lytic process. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6606676 TI - Anti-T cell monoclonal antibodies conjugated to ricin as potential reagents for human GVHD prophylaxis: effect on the generation of cytotoxic T cells in both peripheral blood and bone marrow. AB - Three murine anti-human monoclonal antibodies broadly reactive with human T cells were conjugated to intact ricin toxin. The purgative effects of these immunotoxins (IT) on alloreactive T cells after in vitro pretreatment was tested in an in vitro assay measuring the generation of cytotoxic T cells (CTL). Pretreatment was performed in the presence of lactose to block the native binding of ricin, thus rendering IT antibody specific. Blocking studies with free antibody showed that selective toxicity was determined by the antibody moiety of the antibody-toxin conjugate. Our assay system permitted the measurement of significant CTL levels in the bone marrow. Thus, we were able to determine the differential selectivity of IT for T cells as compared with stem cells in the same donor preparation. Our studies show that antibody-intact ricin conjugates have great potential as T cell purgative reagents for GVHD prophylaxis in human BMT. PMID- 6606677 TI - Establishment of cell lines from somatic cell hybrids between human monocytes and mouse myeloma cells. AB - To study human monocyte functions, we attempted to immortalize human monocytes by producing somatic cell hybrids between such monocytes and the mouse myeloma cell line NSI. In this study we report the successful establishment of eight hybrid cell lines that have been grown in culture for more than a year, and some of them retained part of the human chromosome complement, as well as monocyte markers and activities. Karyotype analysis of these hybrid lines revealed that cells of seven out of eight of the lines contained one to 16 human chromosomes and in four of them, more than nine human chromosomes were observed. Several of the cell lines expressed monocytic markers and functions. Thus, in two of the hybrid lines nonspecific esterase could be demonstrated in 10 to 29% of the cells, and Fc receptors were demonstrated in three of the hybrid cell lines. Significant levels of human ferritin were detected in one of the lines, and two other cell lines secreted interleukin 1-like substance into the culture medium. These results encourage us to use human-mouse somatic cell hybridization as an approach for the establishment of human monocyte cell lines, which will preserve their functions and produce monocyte-derived factors. PMID- 6606678 TI - Activation of the first component of complement, C1, by a monoclonal antibody recognizing the C chain of C1q. AB - The effect of a purified monoclonal anti-C1q anti-body (Ab 242 G3) on the function of C1q, a subcomponent of the first component of complement C1, was studied. No inhibition of purified activated C1 was observed, whereas binding of the Ab to fluid phase C1q, to C1q bound to immune complexes (EAC1q), or to serum C1 in fluid phase resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of the hemolytic activity of C1. In contrast, when the effect of the Ab on serum C1 bound to immune complexes (EAC1) was measured, no inhibition, but a dose-dependent enhancement, of the hemolytic activity was obtained. The dose-response curve of the Ab-treated cell-bound serum C1 was indistinguishable from that of activated C1. Isolated Fab fragments of this Ab did not cause an increase in C1 activity. After separation of the A, B, and C chains of C1q by SDS-PAGE, Ab 242 G3 reacted in immunoblotting selectively with the C chain. These data indicate that cross linking of C1q via the C chain of C1q might lead to an internal activation of C1. PMID- 6606679 TI - Specificity of in vitro anti-influenza virus antibody production by human lymphocytes: analysis of original antigenic sin by limiting dilution cultures. AB - The fine specificity of the antibody produced in in vitro cultures of human lymphocytes stimulated with influenza virus was investigated. The antibody was specific for the stimulating type of virus in that cultures stimulated with type B influenza virus made little or no antibody to type A viruses and vice versa. There was a degree of cross-reactivity among the type A viruses, however, both within and between subtypes. In general, more antibody was made to the stimulating strain of virus than to heterologous strains, with the exception that cultures of mononuclear cells from four of five donors stimulated with A/Bangkok/79 (H3N2) made more antibody to A/Aichi/68 (H3N2) than to the stimulating virus, likely reflecting the original antigenic exposure of these donors. The specificity of this in vitro response was further investigated by using monospecific antibodies produced in limiting dilution cultures. Approximately 30% of the antiviral antibodies produced in these cultures bound to purified hemagglutinin, but only 7% bound to purified matrix protein. When antibodies stimulated with A/Bangkok/79 were analyzed for their binding to other H3N2 viruses, a variety of reactivity patterns was observed. Some antibodies were specific for A/Bangkok/79 and some bound to common determinants found on a number of H3N2 viruses. In addition, a number of antibodies were observed that did not bind to A/Bangkok/79 but did bind to earlier H3N2 viruses, demonstrating an extreme form of "original antigenic sin." A similar variety of reactivity patterns was observed when antibodies were tested for binding to heterotypic type A viruses or hemagglutinins. The results of the present experiments demonstrate that the fine specificity of an in vitro human antibody response can be analyzed by using limiting dilution cultures, and suggest that the fine specificity of the antibody response of an individual to a strain of influenza virus is affected by previous antigenic exposure of that individual. PMID- 6606680 TI - Aggressiveness of SJL/J lymphomas correlates with absence of H-2Ds antigens. AB - SJL/J lymphomas emerged as H-2Ds-negative variants upon transplantation of their respective H-2Ds-positive spontaneous tumors. Of nine spontaneous SJL/J lymphomas examined, only two contained detectable numbers of H-2Ds-negative tumor cells. Of seven successfully transplanted tumors, however, four emerged as predominantly H 2Ds-negative tumors by their second transplantation. Long term SJL/J lymphoma lines, RCS 5 and SJL/SJL, were also found to be H-2Ds-negative. The expression of H-2Ks and I-As were maintained on all tumor lines examined. H-2Ds-negative tumor cells were consistent stimulators of syngeneic lymphoproliferation, whereas tumors maintaining H-2Ds expression varied in their stimulatory capacity. Transplantation times required to achieve morbidity in syngeneic mice correlated with tumor cell expression of H-2Ds. Tumors maintaining H-2Ds expression were less aggressive and required 57 to 150 days to produce morbidity compared with highly aggressive H-2Ds-negative tumors that required only 7 to 10 days at one quarter of the cell dose (10(7) cells). Growth curve analysis based on spleen weights (corrected for body weight) indicated that three types of SJL/J lymphomas could be identified based on their expression of H-2Ds and ability to stimulate syngeneic lymphoproliferation: 1) indolent, nonstimulatory H-2Ds-positive tumors; 2) indolent, stimulatory H-2Ds-positive tumors; and 3) highly aggressive, stimulatory H-2Ds-negative tumors. PMID- 6606681 TI - Binding of cells to matrixes of distinct antibodies coated on solid surface. AB - The present studies investigate the potential of simultaneous multiple determinations of specific cell surface antigens in one reaction incubation by employing orderly arranged antibody spots on a solid surface. Antibodies of distinct specificities were coated on very small areas in close proximity forming matrix-like arrays on glass cover slips. These antibody spots were found to be capable of serving as minute specific immunoadsorbents for cells bearing on their surface the antigens with which the antibodies reacted. Antibody spots of 1.0, 0.5 and 0.25 mm diameter could adsorb maximally about 17,000, 4500, and 1100 mononuclear cells. An area of 1 cm2 could be coated with 25, 100, or 400 of these spots, respectively. In matrixes that contained anti-Lyt 2.1 and anti-Lyt 2.2 antibody spots, AKR (Lyt 2.1+) thymocytes adhered only to anti-Lyt 2.1 spots, BALB/c (Lyt 2.2+) thymocytes only to anti-Lyt 2.2 spots, and thymocytes of (AKR X BALB/c) F1 to both spots. The potential of this method for determining allotypes of HLA antigens and for determining in a mixed cell population the proportions of subsets bearing specific differentiation antigens is discussed. PMID- 6606682 TI - Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. AB - A tetrazolium salt has been used to develop a quantitative colorimetric assay for mammalian cell survival and proliferation. The assay detects living, but not dead cells and the signal generated is dependent on the degree of activation of the cells. This method can therefore be used to measure cytotoxicity, proliferation or activation. The results can be read on a multiwell scanning spectrophotometer (ELISA reader) and show a high degree of precision. No washing steps are used in the assay. The main advantages of the colorimetric assay are its rapidity and precision, and the lack of any radioisotope. We have used the assay to measure proliferative lymphokines, mitogen stimulations and complement-mediated lysis. PMID- 6606683 TI - The effect of lysed and nonviable target cells on the experimentally determined kinetic parameters for natural and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. AB - In previous studies, we have demonstrated that kinetic assays of natural and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity reactions can be used to obtain simultaneously estimates for both the frequency and lytic activity of the NK or K cells that lyse a given target cell. In order to generate useful information from kinetic cytotoxicity assays, it is imperative that suitable experimental conditions be used and consideration be given to factors that may alter the values of experimentally determined kinetic parameters. In this paper we derive equations to predict the effects of unlabeled inhibitor cells on the values obtained for KappM and Vmax. We further demonstrate that these equations can be used to interpret data obtained in the presence of a fixed concentration of added inhibitor cells and to correct for the apparent inhibition of cytotoxicity caused by nonviable cells present in 51Cr-labeled target cell preparations. We also predict that high concentrations of lysed target cells will cause product inhibition, present experimental evidence in support of this prediction, and present a method that can be used to test and correct for inhibition by lysed target cells. These results should provide for the more accurate determination of kinetic parameters for natural and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity reactions, and thereby more accurate quantification of effector cell frequency and activity. PMID- 6606684 TI - Isoelectric focusing of human IgA and secretory proteins using thin layer agarose gels and nitrocellulose capillary blotting. AB - A simple, rapid and economical method for focusing human immunoglobulin A in low electroendosmosis agarose is described. IgA preparations isolated from serum and secretions were focused with high resolution in thin layer gels. Serum and milk proteins were transferred to nitrocellulose sheets by capillary blotting and the spectrotype of total IgA determined with radiolabeled anti-human IgA antibodies. These studies indicated that the spectrotype of human IgA extends between the pH range 4.3-6.85. The spectrotypes of free secretory component and alpha-1 antitrypsin released from an IgA myeloma protein were determined by a similar technique. These methods should prove useful in determining the diversity of IgA antibodies whether or not the starting material is pure. PMID- 6606685 TI - Determination of immunoglobulin class by pattern of absorption to protein A sepharose coupled with immunoglobulin class specific antibodies. AB - The pattern of absorption of the different major immunoglobulin classes by protein A and protein A coupled with antibody to human IgA or IgM has been evaluated as a simple means of identifying the class of a particular immunoglobulin in small volumes of human serum. Rabbit anti-IgA or anti-IgM coupled with protein A-Sepharose gel effectively removed IgA or IgM respectively from human serum in addition to the subclasses of IgG removed by protein A alone. The manner in which an immunoglobulin-related property is removed from human serum by protein A and its conjugates with specific antibodies can thus serve as an index of the class of that particular immunoglobulin. PMID- 6606686 TI - Reduction of the immunosuppressive action of chemotherapeutics in patients with mammary carcinoma by Azimexon. AB - Patients treated by aggressive cytostatic treatment exhibit marked deficiencies in cell-mediated immunity. Our investigations were performed in order to find out whether these immunosuppressive effects could be diminished by supportive treatment with the new synthetic immunomodulating compound BM 12.531, INN: AZIMEXONE. After inducing remission in ten patients with metastasizing breast cancer by a combination chemotherapy given for about one year, leucocytes, T- and B-lymphocytes and reactivity of peripheral lymphocytes to different mitogens were determined at weekly intervals before (8 X), during (8 X while on 100 mg i.v. weekly, then 4 X while on 400 mg i.v. weekly) and after (4 X) treatment with AZIMEXONE. Chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression could be markedly diminished during the administration of AZIMEXONE. A significant increase in the peripheral leucocyte count and mitogen-induced lymphocyte transformation could be achieved without any marked influence on the percentages of T- and B-cells. No severe side effects of AZIMEXONE were observed. PMID- 6606687 TI - Studies on the optimal conditions of CSF generation by endotoxic LPS and its PS derivative in mice. AB - Not only the endotoxic LPS preparations, but a non-toxic, lipid-free, non mitogenic hydrolytic breakdown product of it (called PS) is also capable of inducing colony stimulating factor (CSF) release (1). Due to difficulties to reproduce above findings it became necessary to study the optimal conditions to obtain CSF active PS preparations. It was found that the CSF generating component of the highly heterogeneous PS mixture is sensitive to acidic hydrolyses, but it is less sensitive than the toxic site in the lipid moiety of the LPS. Carefully controlled optimal hydrolytic conditions give PS preparations which have less than one percent residual endotoxicity but maintained 40 to 80% of the original CSF generating capacity. Prolonged hydrolysis will destroy this activity too. Optimal dose of LPS and PS for CSF induction in mice differed widely. For LPS the optimal dose is 25 micrograms, injecting more gave a much reduced or non detectable CSF level. Optimal dose for PS was 160 micrograms, and this generated a significantly higher CSF level than 25 micrograms LPS. At concentrations below 25 micrograms, LPS was clearly more active than PS. The CSF level reached its peak at 3-4 hours after other LPS or PS injection. Intravenous route was sometimes but not always more effective than intraperitoneal. PMID- 6606688 TI - Effect of oral chloroquine on subpopulation of lymphocytes T-cells, B-cells and null cells in normal healthy individuals. PMID- 6606689 TI - Annual sugar consumption and caries prevalence in optimum fluoride areas. PMID- 6606690 TI - Outer membrane protein subtypes and biotypes of Haemophilus influenzae type b: relation between strains isolated in 1934-1954 and 1977-1980. PMID- 6606691 TI - Severe acquired immune deficiency syndrome in male homosexuals: diminished capacity to make interferon-alpha in vitro associated with severe opportunistic infections. AB - Natural killer cell function, directed against either K562 tumor targets or herpes simplex virus type 1-infected fibroblasts, was often low in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) but failed to distinguish these patients from either male homosexual controls or patients with lymphadenopathy. Mononuclear cells from patients with AIDS and opportunistic infections generated diminished levels of interferon-alpha in response to herpes simplex virus type 1 infected fibroblasts. This deficiency discriminated patients with severe opportunistic infections from most individuals with either generalized lymphadenopathy or Kaposi's sarcoma only and from male homosexual control subjects. The deficiency in interferon-alpha generation may be the consequence of the opportunistic infections that these individuals have contracted or may be a direct manifestation of AIDS itself. PMID- 6606692 TI - [Clinical evaluation of graft patency after aortocoronary bypass]. PMID- 6606693 TI - [Case of coronary artery fistula with large coronary aneurysm]. PMID- 6606694 TI - [Activation of complement by mixed cryoglobulin]. PMID- 6606695 TI - Infant and preschool-child mortality rates. PMID- 6606696 TI - Inhibition of DNA synthesis in dermal tissue of merino sheep treated with depilatory doses of mouse epidermal growth factor. AB - Two groups of three Merino wethers were infused intravenously with either 0.12 mg mouse epidermal growth factor (mEGF)/kg fleece-free body weight or 0.9% (w/v) NaCl over 24 h. Sheep treated with mEGF rejected food during treatment but feed intake was kept equal for both groups. Wool growth and plasma concentrations of mEGF were measured during the experiment. Pieces of skin taken from the wool growing regions of the body were incubated with radioactive thymidine in order to measure its rate of incorporation into DNA. The skin was then divided at about the level of the sebaceous glands into sections that contained the upper dermis and epidermis (E sections) and those containing the generative wool-follicle bulbs (D sections). No mEGF was detected in the controls whereas mean levels of about 35 micrograms mEGF/1 plasma were detected during the last 4 h of infusion in the protein-treated group. After infusion, wool growth was reduced by about 20% of the mean pretreatment level in the controls and no shedding of wool fibre was evident. In the mEGF-treated sheep, on the other hand, wool growth was depressed by 75-95% of the mean pretreatment level and the fleeces were almost completely cast in all three of the animals, leaving them nude on the wool growing regions of the body. Wool growth was restored to its pretreatment level in this group about 1 month after infusion. The D sections of skin contributed 50 60% of skin wet weight in controls throughout the experiment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6606697 TI - Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of guanine nucleotides on arginine-vasotocin sensitive adenylate cyclase in the epithelial cell membranes of the bullfrog bladder. AB - The effects of arginine-vasotocin and nucleotides on the steady-state kinetics of the adenylate cyclase activity in the epithelial cell membranes of the bullfrog (Rana catesbiana) bladder were studied. Arginine-vasotocin stimulated adenylate cyclase more effectively than oxytocin or arginine-vasopressin, with respect to both the maximal hormonal activation ratio relative to basal, and the hormone concentration yielding a half-maximal response (apparent Km). Arginine-vasotocin, GTP and its analogue guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p) increased the Vmax of the basal adenylate cyclase activity, but showed no effect of the apparent Km of the system for ATP. In addition, Gpp(NH)p enhanced the arginine-vasotocin stimulated adenylate cyclase activity, further increasing the Vmax, while GTP showed no statistically significant effect. Dual effects of GDP were apparent: it was stimulatory at 1 x 10(-5) mol/l and inhibitory at 1 x 10(-3) mol/l, on both the basal and the arginine-vasotocin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. Guanosine 5'-monophosphate, CTP, UTP and ITP showed no apparent effect on the enzyme activity. Sodium fluoride acted in the same manner as GTP on the adenylate cyclase system, increasing only basal activity. Adenylate cyclase activities exhibited pH optima that were less distinct in the presence than in the absence of Gpp(NH)p. The Arrhenius plot of the temperature experiment showed that a high energy step was involved for activation by Gpp(NH)p or arginine-vasotocin. When the relative activation ratios by arginine-vasotocin at different ATP concentrations were studied, a distinct activation optimum was shown at 2.5 x 10( 4) mol ATP/l, either in the absence or presence of Gpp(NH)p. The possibility that GTP, GDP nd ATP play a regulatory role in the epithelial cells of the bullfrog bladder by adjusting the responsiveness of the system to a natural hormone, arginine-vasotocin, is discussed. PMID- 6606698 TI - Transplantation of turtle embryonic thymus into quail embryo: colonization by quail cells. AB - Turtle (Emys orbicularis L.) embryo thymuses grafted in the somatopleure or onto the quail embryo chorioallantoic membrane developed in these heterotopic sites for 2-12 days. When the thymus was removed from embryos at early stages such that no thymocytes were yet present during normal development, epithelial cells with mitoses were observed in the explants but no turtle thymocytes developed whatever the duration of explantation. An extrinsic origin of lymphoid precursor cells can explain such results. Quail lymphoid-like cells distinguishable from turtle cells by their nuclear structure began entering the explants 5 days after grafting. Their number increased progressively until the 12th day, when all the grafts were retrieved. When an already lymphoid thymus was removed from embryos at later stages, turtle thymocytes remained fairly abundant in the explants until 5 days. Beyond this period, they gradually disappeared. After 11-12 days, none were left and only epithelial tissue from the turtle was present, showing excellent development. Quail lymphoid-like cells entered this more mature thymus following the same time course as they did in the early rudiment. Thus we observed no difference between attraction of quail lymphoid cells by the precolonization thymic epithelium or by the lymphoid thymus. PMID- 6606699 TI - Temporal course of the threshold and size of the receptive field of the Babinski sign. AB - The changes of threshold and receptive field of the Babinski reflex, with time, were assessed in ten patients with acute cerebrovascular lesions. It was found that the threshold of the reflex decreased gradually and the size of the cutaneous afferent reflex field enlarged with the passage of time. These findings suggest that there is a gradual release or organisation of the reflex flexor synergy of which the Babinski sign is a modified part. PMID- 6606700 TI - Normal egg hatchability requires the simultaneous administration to the hen of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and 24R,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. AB - A previous report [Science 201, 835-837 (1978)] presented evidence that the combined and simultaneous administration of the cholecalciferol (D3) metabolites 1 alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1 alpha,25(OH)2D3] and 24R,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol [24R,25(OH)2D3] to White Leghorn hens was necessary for embryo development and normal egg hatchability; in the absence of 24R,25(OH)2D3 none of the fertile eggs hatched. The present study extends this fundamental observation to a second species, the Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica and compares the biological actions of the two stereoisomers of the 24,25(OH)2 metabolite, namely the naturally occurring 24R,25(OH)2D3 and its unnatural epimer 24S,25(OH)2D3. Groups of 12-14 vitamin D-depleted adult female Japanese quail were mated with normal male quail and eight consecutive batches of eggs (25-41 eggs from each group) were placed in an egg incubator, and egg hatchability for the fertile eggs monitored on days 21 and 22. The egg hatchability (in percent +/ SD) for each group was: D3 (56.5% +/- 12.8); 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 (1.3% +/- 2.5); 24R,25(OH)2D3 (29.6% +/- 3.1); 24R25(OH)2D3 + 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 (32.8%); and 24S,25(OH)2D3 + 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 (7.2%). Also for all treatment groups the blood level of the expected vitamin D metabolites were in the normal range, and there were no significant differences in the embryo weights and eggshell thickness (of both hatched and unhatched eggs). These results indicate that the Japanese quail have the inherent capability to discriminate between the stereoisomers of 24,25(OH)2D3 and therefore strongly support the concept that only the naturally occurring 24R,25(OH)2D3 has an identifiable, unique biological role which is different from that of 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3. PMID- 6606701 TI - The amotivational syndrome hypothesis and the Costa Rica study: relationships between methods and results. PMID- 6606702 TI - Invasive infections caused by multiply resistant Haemophilus influenzae type b. PMID- 6606703 TI - Prospective study of children with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency: eight-year-old follow-up. PMID- 6606704 TI - Multiple sites of action of ethanol on adenylate cyclase. AB - The mechanisms through which ethanol increases basal adenylate cyclase activity and synergistically increases hormone-stimulated activity have been investigated. In membranes prepared from wild-type and UNC S49 lymphoma cells, ethanol caused a dose-related increase in adenylate cyclase activity stimulated by GTP, NaF, MnCl2 or isoproterenol. An effect of ethanol on adenylate cyclase activity in CYC- cells was only observed in the presence of MnCl2. In striatal tissue, ethanol (300 mM) elicited a 22% increase in maximum activity (Vmax) under basal conditions, but increased the Vmax of the dopamine-stimulated enzyme by 71%. Ethanol did not alter the Km of the enzyme for Mg-ATP or the concentration of GTP or free magnesium ion required for half-maximal activation. Activation of striatal adenylate cyclase by guanyl-5'-yl-imidodiphosphate occurred after a characteristic lag and inclusion of ethanol decreased the T1/2 of activation by guanyl-5'-yl-imidodiphosphate from 16.9 to 11.2 min. Stimulation of adenylate cyclase by dopamine was abolished by high concentrations of magnesium, but ethanol (300 mM) still increased the Vmax of the enzyme by 54%. Ethanol also increased adenylate cyclase activity after pretreatment of striatal membranes with cholera toxin. The data suggest that at least part of the activation of adenylate cyclase by ethanol involves an increase in the enzymatic activity of the catalytic subunit. However, because an increase in the turnover number of the enzyme would not explain the synergistic interaction between ethanol and dopamine, a second site of action, possibly on the rate of activation of the regulatory subunit or on the coupling of the catalytic and regulatory subunits, is also suggested. PMID- 6606705 TI - Ocular, systemic and antinuclear antibody changes with acebutolol. AB - A group of 29 hypertensive patients were studied for side effects of acebutolol. An antinuclear antibody titre of >/=1/64 developed in 23 per cent of patients during a 12-month course of treatment. Full ophthalmic examination before and after the treatment period showed a statistically significant increase in tear secretion at one year. One patient had a slight worsening of her psoriasis. No patients developed any symptoms or signs of oculomucocutaneous syndrome (OMCS) or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). PMID- 6606706 TI - Reactivity of thymic metallophilic cells during the regeneration after the application of cyclophosphamide. AB - Metallophilic cells, which had dendritic morphology in vivo, were localized almost exclusively in the cortico-medullary zone of the control rat thymus. The patterns of thymic regeneration after a single (300 mg/kg) or consecutive injections (5 X 60 mg/kg) of Cyclophosphamide were well correlated with the changes in the number and topographical distribution of the metallophilic cell population. The specific staining with aldehyde fuchsin of metallophilic cells diffusely distributed throughout the cortex during the regeneration clearly demonstrated that these cells were identical with aldehyde fuchsin-positive metallophilic cells in the cortico-medullary zone of the normal rat thymus. The results presented suggest that metallophilic cells play some role in the process of normal thymocytopoiesis and represent a hitherto undescribed component of the thymic microenvironment. PMID- 6606707 TI - Structure-activity relationship study of the inhibition of adrenal cortical 11 beta-hydroxylase by new metyrapone analogues. AB - Metyrapone, 2-methyl-1,2-di-3-pyridyl-1-propanone (1a), is a potent reversible inhibitor of the cytochrome P-450 11 beta-hydroxylase enzyme system (P-450(11) beta) of the adrenal cortex. The structural features of the metyrapone molecule have been systemically altered to determine the requirements necessary for inhibition of P-450(11) beta activity. Metyrapone and 14 analogues have been obtained or synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors using a crude, defatted bovine adrenal cortical mitochondrial preparation. The inhibition of P-450(11) beta activity with these derivatives demonstrated that (1) the A-ring phenyl derivatives 2a-d were better inhibitors than the respective dipyridyl analogues, (2) the ketone in the 1-position can be replaced by various functionalities without markedly reducing inhibition, and (3) at least one methyl group should be present in the 2-position to maintain inhibition. The observed inhibition of P450(11) beta activity with the metyrapone analogues suggest that A-ring phenyl metyrapone analogues 2a-d would be candidates for radioiodination and subsequently used as adrenal cortical imaging agents. PMID- 6606708 TI - Stereochemical considerations and the antiinflammatory activity of 6-amino 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzocyclohepten-5-ols and related derivatives. AB - The antiinflammatory activity of a series of 6-amino-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H benzocyclohepten-5-ols and related derivatives was examined using the reverse passive Arthus reaction (RPAR). The antiinflammatory activity of these compounds was markedly influenced by the stereochemistry of the amino alcohol moiety. The threo diastereomer exhibited activity in the RPAR, while the erythro diastereomer was devoid of any significant antiinflammatory activity. The antiinflammatory activity of the amino alcohols was also significantly influenced by the position and nature of the aromatic substituent. Latentiation of the amino alcohol function resulted in analogues exhibiting antiinflammatory activity equivalent to their amino alcohol precursors. Masking the amino alcohol function as a more stable derivative led to analogues exhibiting an antiinflammatory profile unique to their structural class. PMID- 6606709 TI - Osteoglophonic dwarfism in two generations. AB - A father and son, both affected by a skeletal dysplasia with severe craniofacial deformities, are reported and compared to three previously described isolated cases of the same dwarfism. The principal features are craniosynostosis, multiple lucent metaphyseal defects, flattening and anterior beaking of the vertebral bodies, and abnormal dentition. Autosomal dominant inheritance is suggested. PMID- 6606710 TI - Amyloidosis: a perspective. PMID- 6606711 TI - Pf1 bacteriophage replication--assembly complex. X-ray fibre diffraction of the high humidity form. AB - The helical intracellular nucleoprotein complex of Pf1 bacteriophage has been studied by X-ray fibre diffraction in various hydration states. The helix pitch changes from 44 A in dry fibres to 55 A in wet fibres, whereas the unit rise between subunits in the helix apparently does not change with humidity. This result indicates that the nucleoprotein assembly twists more readily than it stretches. This is consistent with its biological role of tightening the viral DNA into a more compact form for packaging in the virion. PMID- 6606712 TI - Crystallographic data for the beta-lactamase from Enterobacter cloacae P99. AB - The beta-lactamase from Enterobacter cloacae P99 has been crystallized from polyethylene glycol solution at pH 7. X-ray examination of the orthorhombic crystals shows the space group is P2(1)2(1)2 with unit cell dimensions a = 77.4 A, b = 69.4 A, and c = 63.6 A. There is one molecule of molecular weight 39,000 in the asymmetric unit. PMID- 6606713 TI - Vestibular dysfunction presenting as syncope. AB - A case of chronic vestibulitis presented as episodes of recurrent drop attacks that had been interpreted as recurrent syncopal episodes. The importance of distinguishing between syncope and drop attacks-a difficult task-is emphasized. This case stresses the need to include benign vestibulitis in the differential diagnosis of syncope and drop attacks. PMID- 6606714 TI - Symptoms of rectosigmoid carcinoma. AB - The presenting symptoms of 167 patients with carcinoma of the rectum, sigmoid, and rectosigmoid were reviewed. The earliest symptom was a change in bowel habits and the most frequent symptom was visible blood in the stool followed by a change in bowel habits. The duration of symptoms was not related to survival or the stage of tumor found during surgery. PMID- 6606716 TI - [Adult T-cell leukemia. 1. Detection of anti-ATLA (ATL-associated antigens) antibody in patients with various diseases and healthy controls, with special reference the relation to blood transfusion]. PMID- 6606715 TI - Variation in p30-related proteins in gross virus-induced tumor cell lines derived from H-2 congenic mice. AB - p30-related proteins were examined in three in vitro--passaged Gross virus- induced cell lines derived from mice congenic at the H-2 complex: BALB.K-gv-1 (H 2k) (BkGV1), which produces infectious, oncogenic virus, and BALB.B-gv-1 (H-2b) (BbGV1) and BALB/c-gv-1 (H-2d) (BdGV1), which stopped producing infectious virus early in their passage history. The producer BkGV1 line made p30 and its expected precursors. BbGV1 and BdGV1 cells had multiple changes in p30-related protein expression. BbGV1 cells (i) synthesized a truncated gag precursor polyprotein of ca. 47 kilodaltons, (ii) expressed fewer p30-related molecules per cell on their surface than BkGV1 cells, (iii) produced functional reverse transcriptase, and (iv) budded morphologically mature virions which were neither infectious nor oncogenic. BdGV1 cells (i) produced no p30 but expressed some high-molecular weight proteins with p30 determinants, (ii) expressed fewer p30-related determinants on their surface than BbGV1 cells, and (iii) harbored immature intracisternal viral particles (type A) but did not exhibit budding virions. PMID- 6606717 TI - [Causes of death in hematopoietic malignancies--increasing incidences of gastrointestinal bleeding]. PMID- 6606718 TI - [Case of prolymphocytic leukemia with IgM hypogammaglobulinemia--with special reference to IgG and IgM production in vitro]. PMID- 6606719 TI - [Case of B cell lymphoma with polyclonal hyperimmunoglobulinemia]. PMID- 6606720 TI - [Autopsy case of adult T-cell leukemia presumably developing during the course of immunoblastic lymphadenopathy and eosinophilia]. PMID- 6606721 TI - [Methods of serum enzyme determination and its clinical significance: alpha amylase]. PMID- 6606722 TI - [Case of arteriovenous malformation of the cecum]. PMID- 6606723 TI - [Long-term survival in 3 cases of histiocytosis X]. PMID- 6606724 TI - [Nursing management of children with Kawasaki disease in a problem-oriented system]. PMID- 6606725 TI - Gravimetric and histologic changes in fetal adrenals following maternal adrenalectomy and metopirone injection in the rat. PMID- 6606726 TI - Altered heterogeneity of monocytes in acute myelomonocytic leukemia. AB - Human peripheral blood monocytes isolated from normal donors and patients with acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML) were separated on a discontinuous density gradient of bovine serum albumin (BSA) into five fractions. Cells from each fraction were assayed for cell surface markers, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, ability to affect proliferation in response to antigen by autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes previously depleted of monocytes, and ability to regulate immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis by allogeneic B-lymphocytes. Fractions 1-5 from normal donors contained 11, 10, 23, 34, and 22%, respectively, of the total number of monocytes. In contrast, in 6 patients with AMML fraction 3 was considerably larger (52%) than any other fraction, in 1 patient comprising 87% of her monocytes. Cells from each fraction differed markedly in accessory function. In general, cells from fraction 3 were poorer as helper cells than cells from other fractions. They also produced after stimulation larger amounts of PGE2 than did cells from other fractions of the gradient. These data show that PBL contain a subpopulation of monocytes, which either helps poorly or suppresses in vitro immunologic function of T-cells (proliferation) and B-cells (lg synthesis), and that this subpopulation is increased in the blood of patients with AMML. PMID- 6606727 TI - Inhibition of differentiation and proliferation of colony-stimulating factor induced clonal growth of normal human marrow cells in vitro by retinoic acid. AB - Necessary for growth and differentiation in many normal tissues and capable of inducing differentiation in human promyelocytic cell lines, retinoids were the subject of this study. Specifically, effects of 13-cis-retinoic acid and 13-trans retinoic acid on the growth of normal human bone marrow cells in soft-agar system were studied. Both short-term incubation and continuous exposure to retinoic acid caused a decreased number of granulocyte colonies and an increased cluster-to colony ratio. This effect was concentration-dependent. Examination of specimens stained with Wright-Giemsa or nitro blue tetrazolium stains showed a progressive increase in the percentage of immature granulocytic precursors with increasing concentrations of retinoic acid. No effect of retinoic acid was seen on a number of human tumor cell lines. Retinoic acid blocked both differentiation and proliferation and appeared to do so by specific, noncytotoxic mechanisms in normal human bone marrow cells. PMID- 6606728 TI - A new human breast carcinoma cell line (PMC42) with stem cell characteristics. II. Characterization of cells growing as organoids. AB - A new human breast carcinoma cell line (PMC42) has been further characterized. The cells can grow either as monolayers or as floating cords of cells. The cords grow in suspension for long periods but may spontaneously attach and grow out to form a typical PMC42 monolayer. Ultrastructurally, the cells resemble breast ductal cells in many respects. Both epidermal growth factor (EGF) and prolactin induce ultrastructural changes, and lipid production is stimulated markedly by both factors. EGF also promoted the attachment of the floating cords and the growth of cells from these cords as monolayer cultures. The karyotype of the cord cells is different from that previously described for the monolayer cultures. Cord cells are hypodiploid (mode 39), whereas the monolayer cultures are subtriploid (mode 66). Although the ploidy is different, the karyotypes are related with 9 marker chromosomes being common to both populations. In addition, cultures in which cords have attached and in which cells are growing out as monolayers are bimodal with 10-20% of the cells becoming pseudotetraploid with a mode of 77. PMID- 6606729 TI - [Treatment of reflux esophagitis]. PMID- 6606730 TI - [Rare causes of hemorrhage in pancreatitis]. PMID- 6606731 TI - [Intestinal hemorrhage in the accessory pancreas]. PMID- 6606732 TI - Effect of dapsone (DDS) on T-cells and their response to PHA and lepromin in tuberculoid leprosy patients. AB - T and B cell counts and their response to PHA and lepromin were studied in 46 patients of polar tuberculoid leprosy (TT), divided into two age and sex matched groups. Twenty five normal healthy controls were similarly investigated. While one group consisted of 26 untreated TT patients, the other included 20 individuals who had taken dapsone, 50 mg daily, for 12 to 14 months. There was significant decrease in the number of T-lymphocytes and their response to PHA and lepromin was lower in the treated, as compared to the untreated patients and normal persons. No significant change was found in the number of B-lymphocytes in any of the groups. PMID- 6606733 TI - Status of T and B lymphocytes in peripheral blood. AB - T and B lymphocyte percentage was studied by Erythrocyte (E) and Erythrocyte antibody complement (EAC) rosette formation respectively in 90 cases including 65 cases of different types of leprosy and 25 healthy controls. The patient with different types of leprosy were classified according to Ridley and Jopling (1962). The mean percentage of T-lymphocyte was observed in gradually decreasing manner from tuberculoid pole to lepromatous pole. The fall in T-lymphocyte percentage was highly significant when control cases were compared with total cases of leprosy and different histological types of leprosy. This indicates that there is a gradually increasing loss of cell mediated immune response from tuberculoid to lepromatous pole. PMID- 6606734 TI - Assessing gender differences in college cigarette smoking intenders and nonintenders. AB - Variations in cigarette smoking patterns between men and women have led to the speculation that there may be systematic gender differences which account for these patterns. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether such gender differences exist in beliefs about the consequences of smoking, evaluations of those consequences, one's normative beliefs and one's motivations to comply among 221 college-age students. These subcomponents of Fishbein's model of behavioral intentions were tested with multivariate analysis procedures. Significant gender differences found in beliefs about the consequences of smoking, normative beliefs concerning smoking, and motivations to comply indicate that educational and treatment programs should address members of the two sexes in different ways. PMID- 6606735 TI - Posture and participation in sport. PMID- 6606736 TI - Propranolol-induced postoperative hypertension following coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - Fifteen patients receiving propranolol preoperatively and undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting had serum propranolol levels determined preoperatively and at several times early postoperatively. In addition, the patients' hemodynamic parameters and postoperative sodium nitroprusside dose requirements were monitored. All patients had significant multivessel disease and normal left ventricular function. Preoperative serum propranolol levels ranged from 16 to 243 ng/ml, with a mean level of 92 +/- 17 ng/ml; propranolol measured at the end of bypass ranged from 0 to 92 ng/ml, with a mean level of 23 +/- 7 ng/ml. Fourteen patients (93%) had hypertension postoperatively and required intravenous sodium nitroprusside to maintain mean blood pressure at or below 90 mm Hg. According to linear regression analysis, the severity of the postoperative hypertension or, specifically, the nitroprusside dose requirements, correlated significantly with the patients' serum propranolol levels postoperatively (correlation coefficient, R = 0.76, with p less than 0.001). The one normotensive patient had no detectable serum propranolol at any time postoperatively. No correlation was noted between the patient's preoperative serum propranolol levels and the need for nitroprusside therapy postoperatively. These results demonstrate that there is a significant relationship between residual propranolol and the development of hypertension postoperatively. PMID- 6606737 TI - Profound hypotension from rapid vancomycin administration during cardiac operation. AB - Profound hypotension from rapid vancomycin administration resulted in cardiac arrest. Successful resuscitation was performed with inotropic support. PMID- 6606738 TI - Combined carotid and coronary operations: when are they necessary? AB - Three groups of patients were analyzed to ascertain the risk of combined carotid/coronary operations and the risk factors for perioperative stroke following coronary artery bypass (CAB). Group 1 (N = 132) had simultaneous carotid endarterectomy and CAB, Group 2 (N = 51) were patients having perioperative stroke following elective CAB, and Group 3 (N = 169) had CAB alone but had prior history of either asymptomatic cervical bruit, stroke/transient cerebral ischemic attack (TIA), or carotid endarterectomy. Hospital mortality and perioperative stroke rate in the combined carotid/coronary group were 3.0% (4/132) and 1.6% (2/126), respectively. These rates were not significantly different from those of a control group having CAB alone. Overall incidence of postoperative stroke in 5,676 patients having CAB alone was 0.9% (51 patients). The incidence of perioperative stroke in patients with asymptomatic bruit or prior history of stroke or TIA undergoing CAB alone was 3.3% (2/60) and 8.6% (6/70), respectively. The majority of strokes following CAB appear to be embolic in origin. Indications for simultaneous carotid/coronary operations are bilateral carotid disease and symptomatic carotid vascular disease associated with unstable angina, left main obstruction, or diffuse multivessel disease. Staged procedures are recommended for patients with stable angina and symptomatic carotid lesions and for difficult carotid revascularization procedures. CAB alone may be performed for most patients with asymptomatic cervical bruit, moderate or mild carotid artery obstruction, and unstable angina associated with prior stroke, although in the third situation postoperative risk of neurological injury may be increased. PMID- 6606739 TI - The results of surgical treatment of left ventricular aneurysms. An assessment of the risk factors affecting early and late mortality. AB - The surgical results of left ventricular aneurysmectomy have been examined in 145 patients during a 13 year period. In 113 patients (78%) coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was also undertaken. There were 22 hospital deaths (15%) and 44 late deaths (30%). Stepwise, multiple regression analyses were used to examine many variables and to establish risk factors for hospital and late mortality. The chances of hospital death were increased by worsening New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, severe congestive heart failure (CHF), and extensive coronary disease. The risk of late mortality was increased by a significant right coronary artery stenosis and by poor contractility of the posterobasal segment. The probability of late death was reduced by a history of preoperative angina and an increasing number of grafts. PMID- 6606740 TI - Adverse effects on the brain in cardiac operations as assessed by biochemical, psychometric, and radiologic methods. AB - In order to describe subclinical brain injury in conjunction with cardiac operations 94 patients were prospectively studied with three brain injury assessment methods: CSF analyses 24 hours after bypass, psychometry, and computed tomography of the brain. Adenylate kinase (AK), a marker of ischemic brain cell injury, was measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in serum. In 13% of the patients, a considerable increase in CSF-AK was seen, in 46% there was a moderate increase, and in 41% no or trivial increase. Psychometry measured as change between preoperative scores in a test battery (SS3) revealed a moderate decrease in intellectual function after operation. There was a significant inverse correlation between CSF-AK and SS3 (r = -0.46, p less than 0.001, r2 = 0.21, n = 71). Computed tomography (CT) of the brain was performed preoperatively and postoperatively in 54 patients. Two of these had cerebral infarctions visible on the CT, despite an essentially normal postoperative state. There was no correlation between indices of brain injury and patient diagnosis and length of perfusion. It is concluded that subclinical brain injury is often seen after cardiac operations. Most often the injury appears trivial and/or reversible, but in a minority of cases there is evidence that the brain injury is irreversible. Factor analysis favors the view that the microembolism theory might no longer be a valid concept in modern cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Instead, circumstances in the operative field seem more likely to be important causative factors. This interpretation calls for new principles in the search for an improved cerebral protection during cardiac operations. PMID- 6606741 TI - Lymphocyte activation in human ageing: V. Acquisition of response to T cell growth factor and production of growth factors by mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes. AB - In order to ascertain why the T cell proliferative response declines with ageing, the age-related quality of the interleukin II (Il-2)-mediated signal during lymphocyte activation was investigated in mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from old (over 70 years) and adult (20-40 years) subjects. Both the Il-2 properties of supernatants produced by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated PBMC on Il-2 sensitive cells and the PHA induced transformation in Il-2 sensitive T cells were decreased in the old subjects. Supplements with human Il-2 enhanced the DNA synthesis by PHA-, concanavalin-A-, or pokeweed-mitogen-activated lymphocytes in the two groups of subjects. The addition of Il-2 to old cultures restored a response similar to that observed in adults cells cultured without exogenous Il-2. The similarity of the dose-response curves to interleukin II indicated the unaltered affinity of the specific membrane receptors to the humoral factors. These findings strongly suggest that the immune deficiency commonly found in the elderly results principally from a selective alteration of the hormonal step of lymphocyte activation. PMID- 6606743 TI - [Doxycycline and vestibular toxicity]. PMID- 6606742 TI - Stability of E-rosettes in aged humans: effect of cytochalasin B and colchicine. AB - A greater stability of E-rosettes and a reduced rate of capping of sheep erythrocytes are observed in elderly people. The lack of qualitative changes in the sensitivity of these processes to colchicine and cytochalasin B suggests that the function of the microfilaments and the microtubules is not primarily affected by ageing. The density and the affinity of the lymphocytes for sheep erythrocytes do not decrease in aged subjects. So the defective rearrangement of the E receptors cannot be accounted for by some receptor alteration but points to a possible hindrance of their cross-linking in the membrane or their submembrane connection to the cytoskeleton. PMID- 6606744 TI - [Candida endophthalmitis secondary to the use of intravenous heroin]. PMID- 6606745 TI - [Antinuclear antibodies in a case of linear scleroderma with polyarthritis]. PMID- 6606746 TI - [Importance of the determination of pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (PS1) in patients with germinal tumors undergoing treatment. Correlation with the beta subunit of chorionic gonadotrophic hormone (HCG-beta)]. PMID- 6606747 TI - [Levels of alpha 1-antitrypsin in the serum of neoplasm patients]. PMID- 6606748 TI - [Aorto-enteric fistula as a cause of digestive hemorrhage]. PMID- 6606749 TI - [Haemophilus influenzae arthritis in an adult presenting as pseudothrombophebitis]. PMID- 6606750 TI - [Antinuclear antibodies in sarcoidosis]. PMID- 6606751 TI - [Monosymptomatic onset of Meniere's disease]. AB - The occurrence of monosymptomatic courses of Meniere's disease is not generally accepted, although cochlear forms are described in literature. Retrospectively, we evaluated the case histories of 108 patients with Meniere disease, who developed the typical trias in the further course of the disease. Among these 108 patients, we found 39 with a true monosymptomatic course, i.e., in each case we could exclude the participation of either the cochlea, or the labyrinth by exact clinical investigations. Two-thirds of the patients first noticed the impairment of hearing, one-third the vertigo. Basing on a time interval of more than one year, there were still 18 patients with a monosymptomatic course. The average duration of the monosymptomatic courses is distinctly shorter than the duration of the typical trias and, consequently, we defined them as equivalents to early forms of the disease. At this early stage a diagnosis is possible by the fluctuating cochlear signs with their typical audiogram configurations, and the attack character of the vestibular symptoms. PMID- 6606752 TI - [Dust-induced lung diseases]. PMID- 6606753 TI - [D-streptococcus (enterococcus and non-enterococcus) and cephalosporin sensitivity]. PMID- 6606754 TI - [What is a pseudo-LE-syndrome?]. PMID- 6606755 TI - [Planorbid distribution and the prevalence of schistosomiasis mansoni in the State of Espirito Santo]. PMID- 6606756 TI - [Fever in children]. PMID- 6606757 TI - Purification to electrophoretic homogeneity of human alpha lymphotoxin from a cloned continuous lymphoblastoid cell line IR 3.4. AB - The 70-90,000 molecular weight (MW) alpha (alpha) component of the human lymphotoxin (LT) system has been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. The alpha LT containing supernatants were obtained from a phorbol myristate (PMA) stimulated cloned continuous human B lymphoblastoid cell line IR 3.4. Supernatants were subjected to a biochemical separation scheme that consisted of chromatography on control pore glass beads, DEAE ion-exchange chromatography, lentil-lectin affinity chromatography, and electrophoresis on 7% native preparative polyacrylamide gels. The specific activity of the alpha LT in the final fractions was from 10(7) to 5 X 10(7) units of LT activity/mg protein. Approximately 3 to 5% of the initial alpha LT was recovered in the final fractions and a purification factor of 25,000 to 30,000 fold was required to achieve homogeneity. The alpha LT preparation from preparative PAGE exhibited concident migration of bioactivity and radioactivity on 5 and 7% native PAGE tube gels. Only a single protein peak was observed when the radiolabeled alpha LT was subjected to a two-dimensional SDS-reducing slab gel. PMID- 6606758 TI - A novel method for radiolabeling antigen-binding receptors of lymphocytes. AB - Antigen-binding receptor (ABR) molecules have been selectively radiolabeled and isolated from immunized chicken spleen cells. The specific radiolabeling of the receptors has been accomplished by utilizing a novel technique employing lactoperoxidase (LPO) covalently linked to antigen (Ag) for which human gammaglobulin was used. The cell surface ABRs were first bound to the Ag-LPO conjugates through specific recognition sites on the Ag portion of the conjugates. The bound LPO portions were then allowed to catalyze the radioiodination of the ABRs. After radiolabeling, cells were solubilized with detergents. ABRs still bound to Ag-LPO conjugates were directly isolated from the lysates via immunoaffinity chromatography utilizing an immunoaffinity reagent directed toward the antigen portion of the ABR-Ag-LPO complex. The radioactive materials isolated in this way were then analyzed via SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. It appears that as expected, most of the specifically-labeled and isolated materials were immunoglobulin (Ig). Both the membrane-bound form of the heavy chain (mol. wt 77 K) as well as the secreted form (mol. wt 67 K) were detected, along with the light chain (mol. wt 25 K). An additional polypeptide of mol. wt 55 K was also selectively labeled and isolated along with the Ig. This may be a molecule closely associated with the membrane immunoglobulin on B-cell surface. PMID- 6606759 TI - [Fatal hemorrhage caused by multiple caliber-persistent arteries in the stomach]. PMID- 6606760 TI - Electrocardiographic changes in treatment of uncomplicated essential hypertension. PMID- 6606761 TI - Stress and diseases of the upper gut: III. Gallbladder disease. PMID- 6606762 TI - Managing dyspepsia in gallstone patients. PMID- 6606763 TI - Management of permanent colostomy. PMID- 6606764 TI - Phlegmonous gastritis: report of a case. PMID- 6606765 TI - Repair of rectovaginal fistula in Crohn's disease by rectal mucosal advancement flap. PMID- 6606766 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the pancreas producing acute pancreatitis and pancreatic abscess. PMID- 6606767 TI - Hyperkalemia-induced pseudoinfarction pattern. PMID- 6606768 TI - Management of extensive perineal necrotizing fasciitis. PMID- 6606769 TI - VATER association and unrecognized bronchopulmonary foregut malformation complicating anesthesia. PMID- 6606770 TI - Pancreatic secretion: I. Effects of vasopressin and glucagon on pancreatic blood flow and secretion. PMID- 6606771 TI - Pancreatic secretion: II. Pancreatic duct ligation and protein secretion in cerulein-stimulated pancreatic juice of rats. PMID- 6606772 TI - Pancreatic secretion: III. Plasma proteins and pancreatic secretion in rats. PMID- 6606774 TI - Pyoderma gangrenosum in Crohn's disease. PMID- 6606773 TI - Multiple ulcerated carcinoids of the small intestine with hemorrhage: report of two cases. PMID- 6606775 TI - Measurement of spontaneous and X-irradiation-induced 6-thioguanine-resistant human blood lymphocytes using a T-cell cloning technique. AB - Lymphocytes separated from human peripheral blood were cultured in vitro, in the presence of 6-thioguanine (TG), to select and clone rare TG-resistant (TGr) cells present in the circulation in vivo. The incidence of such TGr cells ranged from 0.83 X 10(-5) to 2.53 X 10(-5) (mean 1.48 X 10(-5) ) in healthy individuals aged between 19 and 79 years; did not differ between males and females; but increased significantly with age at a rate of 2.4 cells/10(7) lymphocytes/year. Exposure of lymphocytes (G0) in vitro to X-ray doses of upto 200 rad resulted in a dose dependent increase in TGr cell frequencies. The rates of increase were approximately in proportion to the square of the dose and these rates were closely similar to those obtained in cultured skin fibroblasts and suggest that the bulk of these mutations are a consequence of chromosome structural aberrations. The cloned TGr cells are considered to be HPRT- mutants and the mutation frequencies in lymphocytes determined using this cloning technique were compared with the variant frequencies obtained in earlier experiments utilising an autoradiographic technique to detect azaguanine-resistant (AGr) variant cells. Mutation frequencies with the cloning technique were 10-20-fold lower than variant frequencies with the autoradiographic method. PMID- 6606777 TI - Characterization of lymphocytes responsible for protective immunity to histoplasmosis in mice. PMID- 6606776 TI - The in vitro effects of D-penicillamine upon anti-AChR production by thymic and peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with myasthenia gravis. AB - D-Penicillamine added to lymphocyte cultures from myasthenia gravis patients infrequently and inconsistently stimulated anti-AChR production. This usually occurred in the presence of pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and often only at a single concentration of D-penicillamine which varied among patients. The change was typically paralleled by an increase in total IgG production of similar magnitude, suggesting that the effect was nonspecific. D-penicillamine did not affect AChR expression in cultured thymic adherent cells. These data provide no evidence that penicillamine induces myasthenia gravis by direct stimulation of anti-AChR antibody-producing cells. PMID- 6606778 TI - Polyamines in Trichomonas vaginalis. AB - Trichomonas vaginalis was grown in a modified Bushby's medium and putrescine, spermidine and spermine levels were determined in extracts from 24- and 48-h cultures and also in the culture media. All three polyamines were present in T. vaginalis extracts; the putrescine level and putrescine/spermidine ratio were much higher than those reported for other protozoa or for mammalian tissues. There were no significant differences between 24-h and 48-h amine levels per mg protein in these extracts, but amine levels per cell were higher at 24 than at 48 h. The spent culture media had a much higher putrescine content than corresponding uninoculated media and it was concluded that T. vaginalis secreted putrescine into the culture medium. PMID- 6606779 TI - Case 31-1983: Richter's syndrome. PMID- 6606780 TI - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) associated with transfusions. AB - Of 2157 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) whose cases were reported to the Centers for Disease Control by August 22, 1983, 64 (3 per cent) with AIDS and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia had no recognized risk factors for AIDS. Eighteen of these (28 per cent) had received blood components within five years before the onset of illness. These patients with transfusion associated AIDS were more likely to be white (P = 0.00008) and older (P = 0.0013) than other patients with no known risk factors. They had received blood 15 to 57 months (median, 27.5) before the diagnosis of AIDS, from 2 to 48 donors (median, 14). At least one high-risk donor was identified by interview or T-cell-subset analysis in each of the seven cases in which investigation of the donors was complete; five of the six high-risk donors identified during interview also had low T-cell helper/suppressor ratios, and four had generalized lymphadenopathy according to history or examination. These findings strengthen the evidence that AIDS may be transmitted in blood. PMID- 6606782 TI - B-cell abnormalities in AIDS. PMID- 6606781 TI - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in infants. AB - Fourteen infants with clinical and laboratory features of an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were identified in a single metropolitan area from November 1980 to July 1983. Patients were predominantly of Haitian parentage, although two cases occurred in offspring of non-Haitian intravenous drug abusers. Only one patient had received a blood transfusion before the development of clinical findings. The predominant clinical findings included failure to thrive, persistent infection of the oral mucosa by Candida albicans, chronic pulmonary infiltrates, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and diarrhea. Immunologic studies showed most of the infants to have inverted ratios of T-cell subsets, greatly increased immunoglobulin levels, and circulating immune complexes. Lymphopenia was not common, as it is in adult patients. Infectious agents responsible for opportunistic infections in this series included Pneumocystis carinii, herpesviruses, particularly cytomegalovirus, and C. albicans. Bacterial infections were common, and gram-negative sepsis was the major cause of death in the seven infants who have died. At autopsy, two infants had disseminated lymphadenopathic Kaposi's sarcoma. These observations suggest the likelihood of transplacental, perinatal, or postnatal transmission of an as yet unidentified infectious agent that causes this disease. PMID- 6606783 TI - Gastrointestinal hemorrhage. PMID- 6606784 TI - Chronic parkinsonism secondary to intranasal administration of a product of meperidine-analogue synthesis. PMID- 6606785 TI - Paradox and paradigm: the message and meaning of myc. PMID- 6606786 TI - The role of target antigens coded by subregions of the mouse H-2 complex in the nature of growth of sarcoma I tumor allograft. AB - The nature of the development of tumor grafts of Sarcoma I in allogeneic mice is determined by the immunogenicity of membrane markers of tumor cells coded by the major H-2 system. Minor (non-H-2) systems fail to assert themselves in tumor transplantation. The role of various subregions of the H-2 system may already be followed in normal Sa I recipients: a more striking differentiation is achieved in hosts treated with xenogeneic antilymphocyte serum. Those presenting the strongest barrier were specificities coded by the entire region of the H-2 complex. Of the subregions of the H-2 system studied here, H-2K meant a stronger barrier to tumor growth than the H-2D region. When the tumor antigenic specificities of both H-2K and H-2D regions were extended to include also those of the H-21 regions, tumor growths were for the most part restricted; on the other hand, the inclusion in tumor antigen specificities coded by H-2KAB of the JE region specificities brought about a moderate stimulation in tumor growth. This differences in the fate of tumor allograft may be due to a quantitatively or qualitatively different development of the host's immune response against various tumor antigen specificities coded by subregions of the H-2 system or to a varying ability of the tumor grow across different barriers of the H-2 system. PMID- 6606787 TI - Early endoscopy in upper gastrointestinal bleeding? PMID- 6606788 TI - Analysis of humoral and cellular factors that contribute to impaired immune responsiveness in experimental uremia. AB - An experimental model in rats was developed to define the nature of humoral and cellular factors that contribute to impaired immune responsiveness in chronic renal failure. Addition of uremic rat serum to both normal and uremic lymphocytes significantly suppressed cellular responses, the suppression being more pronounced with uremic lymphocytes. Lymphocytes from uremic rats were only marginally less responsive than normal lymphocytes to concanavalin A stimulation when normal rat serum was added to the cultures, indicating that the cellular factors in impairment were less important than humoral ones. Antibody formation in rat splenocyte cultures to bovine serum albumin was suppressed by addition of uremic serum, but the response to sheep erythrocytes was unaffected. Thus the effect on antibody response in uremic animals is dependent upon the antigen tested. PMID- 6606789 TI - Treatment of peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients with co-trimoxazole. AB - Peritonitis in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) represents the most frequent and difficult problem related to this new form of treatment of ESRD patients. Various treatments have been reported previously. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of a standardized initial treatment in 45 episodes of peritonitis. This was designed to be rapidly efficient, devoided of side-effects and easy enough to be performed by the patients themselves. When peritonitis was clinically suspected, patients received intraperitoneal co-trimoxazole (80 mg trimethoprim, 400 mg sulfamethoxazole), in each of the four daily bags concomitantly with 1,000 U heparin during 2 weeks and half of this dose during 2 other weeks. Our results demonstrate that 88% of the isolates were sensitive to co-trimoxazole and 85% of the patients completed this treatment. All were cured and no relapses were observed. Only 18 days of hospitalisation were required in the 45 episodes of peritonitis. Another anti-infective agent was used in 3 cases of gram-negative peritonitis and 4 other initially resistant to co-trimoxazole. It is concluded that initial treatment of CAPD peritonitis with co-trimoxazole is justified by the high proportion of sensitive germs and that it represents a safe, efficient and inexpensive treatment. PMID- 6606790 TI - Ability of the CRF immunoreactive neurons of the paraventricular nucleus to produce a vasopressin-like material. Immunohistochemical demonstration in adrenalectomized guinea pigs and rats. AB - In the paraventricular nucleus of normal or adrenalectomized colchicine-treated guinea pigs and rats, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OX) immunoreactivities were compared. In the control animals, respective stainings for these three peptides are distinct. Adrenalectomy resulted in the appearance of a VP-like staining in most of the CRF immunoreactive neurons whereas OX staining remained distinct. It is suggested that the CRF/VP coexistence reflects the synergistic role of the two peptides. PMID- 6606791 TI - [Rheumatic pelvic spondylitis in a patient with progressive spinal muscular atrophy (Kugelberg-Welander syndrome)]. AB - A unique association of two rare genetic diseases--progressive muscular atrophy of the spine and rheumatic pelvic spondylitis--observed in a clinical case is described. PMID- 6606792 TI - [Instrumental follow-up of patients treated by internal biliary drainage]. AB - The various radiological techniques available for the long-term follow-up of patients given definitive percutaneous trans-hepatic biliary implants (DTBI) are evaluated on the basis of personal experience. After a rapid examination of the available technics it is concluded that direct X-ray, echotomography and sequential hepatobiliary scintigraphy are more than sufficient for an accurate follow-up of the disease in such patients. PMID- 6606793 TI - [Differentiation of the retina and pigment epithelium in the ontogeny of the common frog. 2. Pigment epithelium]. AB - Changes in the differentiating pigment epithelium cells have been studied in Rana temporaria by transmission electron microscopy. Ultrastructural features of the pigment epithelium functions at successive developmental stages have been established: the phagocytic function appears the first (judging by utilization of embryonic pigment from the primary eye cavity), it is followed by the transport and barrier functions (as the secondary eye cavity and vascular envelope develop), while phagocytosis related to the process of renovation of the external segments of photoreceptors and the function of screening appear later. PMID- 6606794 TI - [The value of radionuclide angioscintigraphy in neurologic diagnosis]. PMID- 6606795 TI - Infection of inbred and nude (athymic) rats with Brugia spp. AB - Infective larvae of Brugia pahangi were injected subcutaneously into inbred PVG ( RTIc) rats, and 'nude' (PVG-rnu/rnu) (athymic) rats. Adult worms or circulating microfilariae were recovered from 20/34 (59%) of PVG-RTIc rats and from 30/30 (100%) of 'nude' rats. Fertile worms were regularly found in the lumbar lymphatics and hearts of both strains of rat. Blood eosinophilia first developed in PVG-RTIc rats about 17 days, and in all such animals by 6 weeks. High circulating eosinophil counts persisted only in patent animals, proving a useful hallmark for the presence of microfilariae. Nude rats despite patency, developed eosinophilia only latterly and then to a lesser extent. Specific anti-B. pahangi IgG antibody was first detected at 7 days in all infected PVG-RTIc rats, with levels rising until 8 weeks and remaining high only in microfilaraemic animals; total IgE showed a similar response. Specific IgE rose in all the eight patent rats inconsistently and only to low levels in eight non-patent infected rats. IgG and IgE were undetectable in nude rats. Other strains of inbred rats of different RTI haplotype were also successfully infected with B. pahangi and the human parasite B. malayi, a total of 10/23 (43%) and 5/15 (33%) becoming patent respectively. In the small numbers tested no major influence of RTI haplotype was detected. Infection by the intraperitoneal route did not result in the development of microfilariae. The difference in patency rates between 'nude' and normal PVG rats supports the contention that the development of filarial infections is T lymphocyte dependent. Inbred and 'nude' rats provide a valuable model of human filariasis, in which many features of filarial immunopathology can be studied. PMID- 6606796 TI - Severe combined immunodeficiency in a child with a healthy adenosine deaminase deficient mother. AB - We investigated adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficient severe-combined immunodeficiency (SCID) in an 8-month-old child with ADA deficient mother. The ADA deficiency in the child was unusual in that the thymic histology was normal. In addition, the thymocytes formed E-rosettes with sheep erythrocytes and were stimulated by T-cell mitogens. ADA activity could not be detected in the child's thymocytes. Studies on the family indicated that the father had about one-half of the normal erythrocyte ADA activity. All the family members with detectable ADA activity appeared to have, according to starch gel electrophoresis of erythrocyte lysates, the common ADA-1 phenotype; however, rigorous identification of phenotype was not possible in this study. The mother had less than 1% of normal ADA activity in both erythrocyte and lymphocyte extracts, but her whole peripheral blood lymphocytes demonstrated about 6% of normal activity. Normal concentrations of ATP and small amounts of dATP were found in the mother's erythrocytes. Deoxyadenosine excretion in her urine was elevated and approximately 5-10% of that excreted by individuals with ADA deficient SCID. These studies suggest that low amounts of ADA activity in erythrocytes and blood lymphocytes of certain individuals may be compatible with good immune function and longevity. PMID- 6606797 TI - DTP-associated reactions: an analysis by injection site, manufacturer, prior reactions, and dose. AB - Local and less serious systemic reactions are frequent following immunization with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine. The effects of injection site, manufacturer, previous reactions, and dosage reduction upon subsequent reactions to DTP immunization were investigated. Local reactions, notably pain and swelling, were less common when the immunization was given in the buttocks than in the thigh. No injection site was consistently associated with lower systemic reaction rates. There was no significant difference in the rate of more serious reactions by vaccine manufacturer. Differences in rates of less serious reactions by manufacturer were observed but seemed to be related to vaccine lot differences rather than the specific vaccines. In a subset of 772 children, in whom data regarding sequential reactions were available, it was noted that all three reactions investigated--local redness, temperature greater than or equal to 39 degrees C, and persistent crying longer than one-half hour--were two to three times more frequent on a subsequent immunization when present on a prior vaccination than if not present on a prior vaccination than if not present previously. One hundred children received a half dose of DTP vaccine because of a less serious reaction associated with prior immunization. In all instances, they had significantly less serious local reactions as well as notable differences in temperature, drowsiness, and persistent crying. PMID- 6606798 TI - [Humoral and non-specific immunity in newborn infants with perinatal brain injuries]. PMID- 6606799 TI - [T- and B-immunity indices in the cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood of newborn infants and young children with hypoxic injuries of the central nervous system and bacterial infections]. PMID- 6606800 TI - [Replacement blood transfusions in the treatment of septicemia in the newborn infant]. PMID- 6606801 TI - [T-lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis in children]. PMID- 6606802 TI - Facilitation and the conduction of the nerve action potential at the frog neuromuscular junction. AB - We have measured the time intervals (latencies) between the delivery of paired stimuli and the appearance of the extracellularly recorded nerve terminal action potentials (n.a.p.s) and end-plate currents (e.p.c.s) at different temperatures in the sciatic nerve, sartorius muscle preparation of the frog. When the interstimulus interval was 70 ms, the n.a.p. and e.p.c. latencies following the second stimulus of the pair were shorter than following the first at 10 degrees C and 15 degrees C, and facilitation of the e.p.c. was observed. The shortened latency was also observed at 20 degrees C by Barton and Cohen (1982), who suggested that this may be related to facilitation. At 5 degrees C, however, the n.a.p. and e.p.c. latencies following the second stimulus were longer than following the first, and facilitation was still observed. When a 30 ms interstimulus interval was used, the changes in latency were even greater at the temperatures studied. The changes in e.p.c. latency were due to changes in the conduction velocity of the n.a.p., not changes in synaptic delay. At all temperatures and interstimulus intervals studied, the larger amplitude n.a.p.s were conducted more slowly, however, facilitation was always observed. We conclude that changes in the amplitude and conduction velocity of the nerve action potential do not obviously affect facilitation at the frog neuromuscular junction. PMID- 6606803 TI - [Incidence of tuberculosis in Poland 1981]. PMID- 6606804 TI - [Tuberculosis morbidity and mortality in Poland 1981]. PMID- 6606805 TI - [Treatment of persistent tinnitus with electric stimulation of the ear]. PMID- 6606806 TI - [Pathogenic significance of various biotypes of Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae for infections of the respiratory organs]. PMID- 6606807 TI - [Immunologic characteristics of Addison's disease]. PMID- 6606808 TI - Epidemiology of hypertension in children. AB - In 1979-80, a cross-sectional study was carried out in 7118 Neapolitan school children aged 10-15 years. In 1980-81 and 1981-82 a longitudinal study was performed in a group of children with blood pressure above the mean + 1SD (in age and sex related peers) and in a group with blood pressure less than mean + 1SD. In the whole population blood pressure increased with age from 10 to 14 years. The major determinant of blood pressure was body weight, followed by heart rate. Three hundred and ninety-eight children (5.6%) were hypertensive having blood pressure greater than mean + 2SD. In children followed longitudinally, blood pressure was very labile; only 13 per cent of those originally having blood pressure mean + 1SD, in fact, remained in the same category. All of these, however, had blood pressure greater than mean + 2SD throughout the study. PMID- 6606810 TI - Comparison of fecal blood loss after use of aspirin and suprofen. AB - The effects of aspirin and suprofen on gastrointestinal blood loss were compared in a double-blind, crossover study of 20 healthy male subjects. Fecal blood loss was measured by 51Cr-labeled red cells. Subjects treated with aspirin (2,600 mg/day) experienced a mean fecal blood loss of 4.2 ml/day, compared with subjects treated with suprofen (800 mg/day) whose mean fecal blood loss was 1.8 ml/day. There was significantly greater (p less than 0.01) blood loss in the aspirin group than in the suprofen group. Mean fecal blood loss in the suprofen group did not differ appreciably from the fecal blood loss observed during the placebo period (0.4 ml/day). PMID- 6606809 TI - Antiarrhythmic and cardiovascular actions of the new antibiotic agent pirlimycin adenylate. AB - Pirlimycin adenylate (U-63,440) is a clindamycin analog possessing antiarrhythmic activity. In the anesthetized dog, the sustained ventricular tachycardia produced by ouabain intoxication is converted to a normal sinus rhythm with an average dose of 26.0 +/- 5.1 mg/kg of pirlimycin adenylate (range 13.4-40.7 mg/kg i.v.). The drug failed, however, to decrease arrhythmia frequency in a modified 2-day Harris dog preparation even with doses of up to 100 mg/kg. The efficacy of pirlimycin adenylate against ouabain-induced arrhythmias cannot be ascribed to a local anesthetic action, since concentrations of up to 5 X 10(-3) M produced only a small (26 +/- 5%) reduction in the spike amplitude of desheathed isolated frog sciatic nerves. In contrast, lidocaine (5 X 10(-3) M) produced a 91% reduction in single spike amplitude. Neither did pirlimycin adenylate (up to 10(-3) M) produce any negative inotropic effect in isolated cat papillary muscles, while both lidocaine and quinidine were cardiodepressant at 10(-3) M. It is concluded that pirlimycin adenylate may be an interesting prototype antiarrhythmic agent and further chemical modification of the drug molecule might increase the spectrum of antiarrhythmic activity without altering the drug's toxicity. PMID- 6606811 TI - High-resolution circular ring positron tomograph with dichotomic sampling: Dichotom-I. AB - The circular ring transaxial positron camera developed earlier was refitted with a new dichotomic sampling scheme and aperture collimators on the detector array to improve the sampling and the overall system resolution. The z-axis slice thickness collimators were also limited to 1 cm, which corresponds to a slice thickness of 0.5 cm FWHM. Two different types of aperture collimators were adopted for high resolution (HR) and very high resolution (VHR) imaging, respectively. In HR mode a resolution of 6.5 mm FWHM was obtained without appreciable degradation of overall sensitivity, which represents a threefold improvement in resolution over the original system. In phantom studies with HR mode a sensitivity of 4500 counts s-1 muCi-1 cm-3 was obtained for a 20 cm diameter uniform phantom filled with water. A VHR mode experiment was also conducted to observe the ultimate resolution capability of the Dichotom-I system, and a resolution of 4.2 mm FWHM was obtained at the expense of sensitivity which was reduced by a factor of four from the HR mode experiment. The experience gained with Dichotom-I suggests a relatively simple and inexpensive modification of the existing NaI(T1) ring positron cameras, most of which suffer from low resolution due to poor sampling and poor intrinsic detector resolution. PMID- 6606812 TI - An assessment of the physical properties of a multiplane tomographic imager. AB - The Pho/Con is a dual Anger camera multiplane tomographic scanner, capable of producing longitudinal tomograms through the subject. The physical characteristics of this device have been investigated. The resolution capabilities in three dimensions have been determined, and sensitivity, linearity, and uniformity of each detector have been studied with a view to establishing the influence of each of the subcomponents of the detector on overall performance. Experimental measurements have been made using both analogue and computerised reconstruction techniques. PMID- 6606813 TI - [Justification for the determination of alpha 1-antitrypsin in the serum of patients with obstructive lung diseases (a review of smokers and nonsmokers)]. PMID- 6606814 TI - Hormone response to 5-HTP. PMID- 6606815 TI - Epidemiology of psychosomatic disorders in schizophrenic patients: methodological issues. AB - The value of an epidemiological study investigating the prevalence of certain somatoform diseases in schizophrenic patients can be strengthened by attention to the following methodological principles: (1) sufficient size of sample; (2) representativeness of sample, controlling if possible such variables as age range, inpatient or outpatient status, ward population or milieu and cultural aspects; (3) study of control groups in same milieu with other psychiatric diagnoses; (4) clear specification of diagnostic criteria employed; (5) establishment of interrater reliability concerning psychiatric diagnosis, patient historical data or medical record information. PMID- 6606816 TI - Report of an epidemiological field study about neuroses and psychosomatic disorders. AB - Our field study deals with a cohort investigation and a follow-up study of the age groups 1935, 1945 and 1955. The sample consists of 600 randomly selected Germans living in an industrial city (Mannheim/FRG). 200 subjects of each of the age groups are to be examined personally with regard to ICD diagnoses 300-307 (WHO, 8th rev.); these are: psychoneuroses, personality disorders, sexual deviations, alcohol and drug addiction, functional and other psychosomatic diseases. Preliminary countings from the first research check-up of the sample revealed 26% of cases with a clear predominance of females and statistically significant connections between actual disease and impairing or disturbing influences during early childhood. PMID- 6606817 TI - Psychiatric case detection in gynaecological patients. AB - There is a large and conflicting literature on the frequency and nature of psychiatric disorders in women with gynaecological conditions. It is difficult to interpret and compare the findings of different studies, largely because they have used non-standardised methods of case-identification. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the use of standardised methods of case detection in two gynaecological populations: women undergoing hysterectomy and those receiving elective tubal sterilisation. Three applications of case-identification techniques are described: measuring prevalence; describing features of the disorders; and testing hypotheses. Examples of each are given for the two gynaecological populations. PMID- 6606818 TI - Late onset systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus-like disease in patients with apparent idiopathic glomerulonephritis. AB - We report 17 patients who presented with either apparent idiopathic glomerulonephritis (16 patients) or post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (one patient). Doubts arose about the nature of these patients' disease, either because their initial renal histology was suggestive of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the absence of its clinical or serological features, or because they developed with time the clinical or serological features of SLE. Three patients had a positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) test at the onset of their illness, but normal levels of serum binding of double-stranded DNA (dsDNAB). In another four patients the dsDNAB was slightly raised but with a negative ANA. On renal biopsy the predominant appearance was membranous glomerulonephritis (GN) in 10, subendothelial mesangiocapillary GN (MCGN) in three, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in two; one patient each had a focal proliferative GN and a diffuse endocapillary GN. On 1 micron renal sections stained with toluidine blue, 10 patients had immune deposits at multiple sites within the glomeruli. Over a period of one to 14 years, six patients developed extrarenal features suggestive of SLE, nine a positive ANA, and 12 increased serum levels of dsDNAB. Five patients became hypocomplementaemic. Cryoglobulins were isolated from the sera of 10 out of 12 patients; seven contained DNA. Separated cryoglobulin IgG from eight patients showed antibody activity directed against both ss and dsDNA in four, and against dsDNA only in three. On the basis of the clinical, histological and serological observation during follow-up five patients were reclassified as definite SLE, four as probable SLE and two as possible SLE. Rarely, SLE may present with nephritis as the sole disease manifestation, antedating other clinical features and even immunological markers of the disease by years. In addition, some patients with a glomerulonephritis may show clinical and immunological, or histological features of SLE, but do not fit accepted definitions of the disease. PMID- 6606819 TI - [Effect of radiation on cell interactions in the phenomenon of non-syngeneic stem cell inactivation. Changes in B-lymphocyte function after irradiation]. AB - A study was made of the changes in the mode of interaction between T- and B lymphocytes of mouse lymph nodes with respect to the phenomenon of inactivation of non-syngeneic haemopoietic stem cells. It was shown that irradiation of B lymphocytes with doses of 77.4--232.2 mC/kg changes their helper activity into a suppressor activity with regard to T-cell-killers having a low electrophoretic mobility. PMID- 6606820 TI - Single photon emission computed tomography and its application in the lung. AB - SPECT systems should affect nuclear medicine because of their ability to eliminate overlying and underlying radionuclide activity, their capacity for total volume imaging, and the increased contrast for lesions, compared with conventional planar imaging and their quantitative potential. The authors offer a preview of the uses of this developing technology in the delineation of perfusion abnormalities. PMID- 6606821 TI - Percutaneous transhepatic electrohydraulic lithotripsy. AB - Calculi can be fragmented by hydraulic shock waves generated by an electrical discharge across the tip of a coaxial electrode. After testing a device by using this technique in the biliary trees of dogs, the authors fragmented a large common bile duct stone in a patient through a percutaneous transhepatic approach. The fragmentation allowed nonsurgical drainage of the obstructed duct. PMID- 6606822 TI - [Treatment of malignant lymphoma with special reference to T-cell lymphoma]. PMID- 6606823 TI - [Study of the percentage of T and B lymphocytes and the IgE levels in physical urticaria]. PMID- 6606824 TI - Nurses with doctoral degrees: education and employment characteristics. AB - Selected education and employment characteristics of nurses with doctorates were examined. Data were obtained in late 1979 and 1980 about three time periods in the 1,964 respondents' careers: (a) doctoral study, (b) first position, and (c) current position if different from first position. Of the nurses studied, 76% completed doctoral programs in the 1970s. Education was the major field of study most frequently reported, followed by social/behavioral sciences and nursing; federal monies were the major source of financial support. Nurses with doctorates were hired in their first position primarily for teaching in baccalaureate and higher degree programs in nursing with a sizable shift to administrative roles in academia among those reporting current positions different from first positions, Only 6% to 8% of doctorally prepared nurses were hired primarily for the conduct of research in either first or current position. PMID- 6606825 TI - [Quantitative study of single photon radionuclide computed tomography- delineation of body contours]. AB - Several methods to obtain the body contour which is necessary to reconstruct the quantitative images with single photon radionuclide computed tomography (SPRCT) are described in this paper. A multipurpose gamma camera system which is composed of 2 detectors, data processor and others were used to collect the data of SPRCT and body contour. An iterative reconstruction technique was implemented to reconstruct the image. Three methods for obtaining the body contour were tested. The first method utilizes X-ray CT data. The data which are obtained by GE CT/T are transferred to the data processor of SPRCT through the off-line magnetic tape and delineate the body contour. The second method uses a transmission source which was attached on the opposite side to detector. The third method uses gamma rays which are generated by Compton scatter in the tissue of patient. The first and the second methods were able to use to obtain the body contour, but the contour obtained by third method was not accurate. PMID- 6606826 TI - [Histiocytosis X: radiologic evaluation of 52 patients]. AB - Fifty-two patients with histologically proven histiocytosis X and intrathoracic and/or bone lesions have been evaluated. In the group, bone lesions appear clearly prevalent (51/52 patients) mainly as localized monostotic disease (31/51). Flat bones were more frequently involved, with special evidence for skull and ribs. Short as well as long bones were only seldom compromised, almost only in polyostotic and generalized disease. On the basis of our experience the most suggestive radiological findings in bone to diagnose an histiocytosis X were the following: preferential involvement of a flat bone, osteolytic pattern, sharp borders (72.9%), rare evidence of pathological fracture (20%) and periostitis (10%). On the contrary, the involvement of the neighbouring soft tissues (38.8%) appears to be significant. PMID- 6606827 TI - [Cystinosis in childhood. Report of 3 cases]. PMID- 6606828 TI - [Research with Brazilian plants used in traditional medicine]. PMID- 6606829 TI - [Experimental Chagas' disease in isogenic III/J rabbits. I. Physiopathology of arrhythmia and sudden death in Chagas' disease patients]. PMID- 6606830 TI - [Purification of the von Willebrand factor. I - Initial plasma fractionation]. PMID- 6606831 TI - [Portal hypertension in children]. PMID- 6606832 TI - [Nutritional status of a rural student population (Maria Pinto)]. PMID- 6606833 TI - [Turner syndrome caused by deletion of the long arm of the X chromosome associated with adrenogenital syndrome caused by partial deficiency of 21 hydroxylase]. PMID- 6606834 TI - [Haemophilus influenza bacteremia]. PMID- 6606835 TI - [Frequency of esophagogastroduodenal lesions in patients with severe craniocerebral injuries]. PMID- 6606836 TI - [Solitary schwannoma of the duodenal bulb]. PMID- 6606837 TI - [Jejunal leiomyoma as a cause of lower digestive hemorrhage]. PMID- 6606838 TI - [Epidemiology and prevention of rheumatic cardiopathy: from the pre-clinical phase to the crystallized disease]. PMID- 6606839 TI - [Left ventricular wall motions before and after aorto-coronary artery bypass]. PMID- 6606840 TI - [Classification of coronary artery stenosis in view of complete coronary revascularization]. PMID- 6606841 TI - [Evaluation of aortocoronary bypass graft patency by X-ray computed tomography]. PMID- 6606842 TI - [Successful A-C bypass operation in a patient with coronary artery stenosis associated with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6606843 TI - [Reiter's syndrome]. PMID- 6606844 TI - [Sclerosis of esophageal varices]. PMID- 6606845 TI - [Left ventricular aneurysmectomy following myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6606846 TI - Particularities of rheumatoid arthritis in aged people. AB - Forty patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) selected according to the ARA criteria, in whom the onset of disease had appeared after the age of 65 years, were studied comparatively with a control group of 40 RA patients in whom the disease had occurred before this age. Every patient was subjected to a complex clinical and biologic investigation. The characteristics of the two groups are presented. The onset of disease in old age was frequently acute (65% of the cases as compared with 45% in the control group). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant from this viewpoint (p less than 0.001). Presence at onset of certain general manifestations associated with loss of weight, risomelic involvement and association of Horton disease were found in 50% of the old agers as compared with 12.5% in the control group. The radiologic aspect was similar in both groups. Positive rheumatoid factor in 64% of the cases, as well as the homogeneous or speckled antinuclear factor were likewise comparable with the data in the younger group. From the evolutive point of view RA with onset in old age showed good response to therapy. Chrysotherapy was effective in 80% of the patients in the old age group and in less than 50% of the controls. PMID- 6606847 TI - Long-term prognosis of monoarthritis. A follow-up study. AB - During 1973-75, a total of 446 patients with recent arthritis were examined. The diagnosis in 32 cases was non-classified monoarthritis. After the 3-9 years' follow-up of these 32 patients, two seropositive, definite rheumatoid arthritis cases (6%), and one ankylosing spondylitis case were noted. In the remaining patients the diagnosis was still non-specific arthritis. Of the 31 patients tested, 39% were HLA-B27-positive. The difference between this and the HLA-B27 positivity in the normal Finnish population (14%) is statistically significant (p less than 0.005). At the end of the follow-up the good prognosis of monoarthritis was confirmed: only one erosion developed in one patient's hands or feet. PMID- 6606848 TI - [Progression of coronary stenosis following aorto-coronary bypass surgery]. AB - In a prospective study (238 men, mean age 53 years) the changes in native vessels were studied 3 months after aorto-coronary bypass operation and 5 months after preoperative angiography. Progression was defined as increase in stenoses of at least 20% or new total occlusion. Progression was significantly more frequent in vessels with bypass than without; it was located proximally to the anastomoses in most cases, less frequently at the anastomoses and very rarely distally to the anastomoses. Proximal progression was significantly more frequent with open bypasses than with occluded ones. Stenoses at the anastomoses were significantly more frequent with occluded bypasses than with open ones. More severe stenoses had a stronger tendency to progression than less severe stenoses. Regression was rare and nearly always caused by surgery. PMID- 6606849 TI - [Endarterial infections, redoubtable complications of non-typhi salmonella infections]. AB - Three cases are reported of salmonella aortitis observed in three men aged 55, 60 and 48 years, the last of whom had a prosthetic aortic valve and ascending aorta. The microorganisms were S. typhi murium, S. paratyphi B, and S. wien. Despite antibiotic treatment two patients died of perforating aortitis. The third patient developed S. wien gastroenteritis a few days after surgical replacement of the aortic valve and the ascending aorta. Five years later he presented with several bacteremic episodes due to S. wien, which recurred despite several courses of cotrimoxazole treatment. He has now been asymptomatic for over one year under prolonged cotrimoxazole treatment. Since vascular infection may occur following non typhi salmonellosis in 5% of patients over 50, or who have underlying endothelial lesions, the question arises as to whether non typhi S. gastroenteritis should be treated with antibiotics in these high risk patients, in contrast to present recommendations. PMID- 6606850 TI - Endogenous regulation of macrophage proliferative expansion by colony-stimulating factor-induced interferon. AB - Stimulation of cultures of murine bone-marrow cells with specific macrophage growth factor (colony-stimulating factor I) resulted in the production of type I interferon. Neutralization of this endogenous interferon by antiserum directed against interferons alpha and beta resulted in a significant enhancement of mononuclear phagocyte proliferation from committed marrow precursors. The effect of the antiserum was lost in cultures depleted of adherent cells, an indication that an adherent regulatory cell (or cells) in the marrow limits mononuclear phagocyte proliferation by producing antiproliferative interferon in response to high levels of specific growth factor. PMID- 6606851 TI - Dependence of thymus development on derivatives of the neural crest. AB - Elimination of limited areas of the cephalic neural crest in stage 9 or 10 chick embryos markedly reduced the size of the thymus gland or resulted in its absence. Small thymic lobes contained both thymocytes and epithelial cells but showed delayed development. Parathyroid and thyroid glands sometimes were reduced in size or missing from the normal location on one or both sides. Heart defects were consistently present. Thymus development may depend on direct interaction of mesenchymal derivatives of the neural crest with pharyngeal epithelium. Multiple defects, such as the Di George syndrome, may result from failure of neural crest derivatives to migrate and interact properly. PMID- 6606852 TI - Automation in coagulation testing. Clinical applications. PMID- 6606853 TI - Effects of antimalarial drugs on human natural killer cell activity. AB - Separation of null cell fraction from the other cellular components of human peripheral blood obtained from normal healthy individuals was effected through the Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation, carbonyl iron phagocytosis magnet application, E-rosette forming and binding to 19S-EAC respectively. The null cells were used as effector cells in the cytotoxic assay. The spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay was employed and the highly NK-sensitive K562 labelled with Na251 CrO4 were used as targets. The null cell fraction was divided into several portions to allow for normal control, diluent control and tests. The test portions were those exposed to the various antimalarial drugs employed. It was observed that the T cell, B cells and null cell fractions accounted for 72%, 18% and 10% of the total lymphocyte population respectively. The mean cytotoxicity generated by the natural killer subset was 63%. The antimalarial drugs/drug combination used were chloroquine, quinine, pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine combination. Concentrations used were their respective minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and corresponding 5 X MIC. The inhibitory effects on natural killer cell activity of these drugs were observed. The possible reasons for these observations are discussed. PMID- 6606854 TI - [Osteosynthesis of epiphyseal fractures using fibrin glue in an experiment. Preliminary communication]. PMID- 6606855 TI - [Detection of carriers of von Willebrand's disease]. PMID- 6606856 TI - [DDAVP: alternative therapy in moderate pathology of Factor VIII/von Willebrand]. PMID- 6606858 TI - [State of immunity in myocardial infarction in alcohol abusers]. PMID- 6606857 TI - Splenic repair by fibrin tissue adhesive and collagen fleece. AB - A new biogenic tissue adhesive has been used for repair of traumatic and incidental splenic lesions in 108 patients. The theoretical basis of fibrin adhesive application and technical details of this method, including the combination with a collagen fleece, are described. Complete hemostasis was achieved in 100 patients. In incidental splenic lesions the success rate of the method was 94%, and the overall salvage rate 87%. The corresponding figures for traumatic lesions were 87% and 60%, respectively. Postoperative complications developed in five patients, necessitating relaparotomy in four. In three of these patients complications were not related to the splenic repair. It can be concluded that the use of fibrin tissue adhesive is a safe and reliable method for repair in the majority of incidental and traumatic splenic injuries. PMID- 6606859 TI - [Use of transesophageal repetitive electrical stimulation of the heart in bradyarrhythmias occurring after electroimpulse therapy]. PMID- 6606860 TI - Platelet adhesion to an artificial surface: interactions by C1q, C4 complement proteins and vitamin C. PMID- 6606862 TI - Computerized aggregation instruments: a highly efficient and versatile system for acquisition, quantitation, presentation and management of platelet aggregation data. PMID- 6606861 TI - Plasma fibronectin-C1q complex formation and its effect on C1q inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation. AB - The first component of complement (C1q) contains a collagen-like structure which evidently accounts for its ability to bind to platelets and to inhibit collagen induced platelet aggregation. This present investigation explored the interaction among C1q, plasma fibronectin (Pl Fn) and platelets. Gel filtration chromatography (Sepharose 2B and 4B) of preincubated mixtures of C1q and Pl Fn yielded evidence of complex formation. Preincubation of Pl Fn with platelets did not affect collagen-induced platelet aggregation nor did preincubation of Pl Fn with C1q significantly affect C1q-mediated inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation. These observations may indicate that the site of interaction between Pl Fn and C1q is different from the site of interaction between C1q and platelets. PMID- 6606863 TI - A reanalysis of the HLA-B7 cross-reactive group. AB - Cross-reactivity between antigens of the HLA-B7 cross-reactive group (B7 CREG) was investigated by the serological analysis of 60 "broad" cytotoxic HLA antisera produces by pregnancy alone, the HLA typing of the antiserum donors and the identification of their immunizing antigens. Thirty-five sera, made in response to B7, covered (as a group) HLA-B7, B27, Bw42, Bw48, Bw54, Bw55, Bw56, Bw60 and Bw61--the B7 CREG antigens. Bidirectional cross-reactivity occurred between the B7 antigen and B27, Bw55, Bw56 and Bw60 antigens but not between the major B7 CREG antigens B27, Bw22 and B40. HLA-B27 stimulated antisera included B7, B13 and Bw47 within their reaction range and Bw55/Bw56 cross-reacted with Bw42, Bw54, Bw57, Bw58, Bw62 and Bw63. Bidirectional cross-reactivity was observed between Bw55 and Bw57. Fourteen responders possessed an antigen cross-reactive with their immunizing antigen. These findings are discussed in relation to the sharing of determinants by pairs and "families" of HLA antigens. PMID- 6606864 TI - Effects of a cercarial toxin derived from venom of the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus on frog skeletal muscle. AB - Cercarial toxin, a protein purified from Leiurus quinquestriatus venom and toxic to Schistosoma mansoni cercariae, was examined for its effects on frog twitch muscle fibres. In concentrations of 3.4-12 microM the toxin, after a delay of several minutes, produced a slowly developing depolarization of the resting membrane and high frequency miniature endplate potentials associated with spontaneous firing of muscle fibre action potentials and twitching. The action potential duration increased from about 3 to more than 100 msec. In advanced stages of poisoning the amplitude of action potentials decreased while oscillations on the plateau level occurred. Short electrical pulses were followed by repetitive firing of prolonged action potentials, while long stimuli elicited long-lasting action potentials with oscillations on the plateau level. Addition of d-tubocurarine blocked spontaneous sub- and suprathreshold activity. Increasing the Ca concentration of the medium markedly shortened the action potentials and stopped repetitive firing. It is concluded that cercarial toxin interferes with the ionic permeabilities of frog twitch fibres in a way similar to that reported for crude venom or one of its highly toxic fractions in frog nerve. PMID- 6606865 TI - Modified distribution of lymphocyte subpopulation in blood and spleen from mice exposed to cadmium. AB - The effect of cadmium (Cd) on the lymphocyte subpopulation in peripheral blood and spleen was studied in ICR mice given a daily subcutaneous injection of 0.5 and 1.0 mg Cd/kg body weight for 5 days or mice fed with the drinking water containing 3, 30 and 300 ppm Cd for 10 weeks. The reduction of blood B lymphocytes observed in Cd-injected mice was accompanied by the increase of the number of splenic B lymphocytes. On the other hand in Cd-fed mice the reduction of blood T lymphocytes was found and associated with the increase of the number of splenic T lymphocytes. These findings suggest that circulating lymphocytes may redistribute differentially in lymphoid organs responded to the Cd exposure. PMID- 6606866 TI - Effects of ammonium metavanadate on rat liver enzymes. AB - Five min after administration of a single, i.p. dose of ammonium metavanadate (5 mg/kg), in rats, liver enzyme activities were measured. Microsomal mixed-function oxidases (except for aminopyrine N-demethylase), glucose-6-phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase were inhibited but lactate, malate, and glycerophosphate dehydrogenases as well as microsomal NADPH2-dependent cytochrome c reductase were unchanged. PMID- 6606867 TI - Pharmacology of analgesic agents used in dentistry. Postoperative analgesics - part one. PMID- 6606868 TI - The effects of estradiol and progesterone on rat ovarian 17-hydroxylase and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities. AB - Testosterone biosynthesis by Leydig cells can be modulated by estradiol. This modulation appears to occur at the 17-hydroxylase and 17,20-desmolase stage. In this study we have examined the effects of estradiol and progesterone on the activities of the 17-hydroxylase (17-OH) and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) in rat ovarian tissue, to examine the hypothesis that estradiol may regulate these enzymes in the ovary as well as in the testis. Estradiol capsule implants produced a decrease in 17-OH activity (0.5 +/- 0.05 vs. 2.1 +/- 0.1 nmol/mg protein/min, mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.001), and an increase in 3 beta HSD activity (15.5 +/- 0.9 vs 9.7 +/- 0.7 nmol/mg protein/min p less than 0.001). Progesterone injections produced a decrease in both 17-OH (0.9 +/- 0.1 vs. 2.3 +/ 0.2 p less than 0.005) and 3 beta-HSD (2.5 +/- .4 vs. 8.6 +/- 0.5; p less than 0.005) activities. We conclude that estradiol decreases 17-OH activity in the ovary as it does in the testis. This, coupled with an increase in 3 beta-HSD may explain the pre-ovulatory increase in progesterone seen in many species. Progesterone seems to decrease the steroidogenic activity of the ovarian tissue, perhaps offering an explanation for the gonadotropin resistance seen in corpus luteus bearing ovaries. PMID- 6606869 TI - Computed tomographic measurement of local cerebral blood flow by xenon enhancement. AB - The present technique was developed to overcome some of the disadvantages of measuring cerebral blood flow by radionuclide methods, such as poor localization of flow values and errors that result if the brain is pathological and local partition coefficients are altered. Serial CT scanning in humans was carried out during and after inhalation of 50 to 70% non-radioactive xenon. This diffusible gas with high atomic number enhanced gray matter first by 19 +/- 4 Hounsfield Units (HU) and later white matter by 24 +/- 4 HU. The regionality of flow values were cursored on CT pictures with a high spatial resolution of 4 X 4 mm (64 pixels) or 0.16cm2 X 0.5cm. In seven normal subjects, blood flow in gray matter was 82 +/- 11 ml/100gm/min and that in white matter 24 +/- 5ml/100gm/min. The partition coefficient (lambda), which is not obtainable in vivo by radionuclide scanning, was 0.9 +/- 0.1 for normal gray matter, 1.4 +/- 0.2 for normal white matter. Reduced flow, 13% in gray matter and 46% in white matter, was found in a large infarct secondary to complete occlusion of middle cerebral artery. In edematous tissue, blood flow was not significantly impaired in gray matter but was reduced to 29 to 54% in white matter. Local lambda values were reduced to 0.6 0.9 in edematous tissue, and 0.3-0.7 in infarction. This method appears to have several advantages over conventional isotope methods of measuring cerebral blood flow and provides useful clinical and research information. PMID- 6606870 TI - Factors affecting the prognosis in thalamic hemorrhage. AB - The present study deals with the factors affecting the prognosis in the acute stage of 29 cases with hypertensive thalamic hemorrhage diagnosed by CT scan. It was thought that the following factors were significantly related to the outcome of the patients who were unable to lead daily life, remained in vegetative state or died: (1) consciousness level was below 10 in the so-called 3-3-9 formula, (2) bilateral Babinski's signs were observed, (3) localization of the hematoma was all the thalamic nuclei type, (4) hematoma volume was above 10 ml, (5) the maximum dimension of hematoma was over 30 or 35 mm, maximum width over 30 mm, maximum length over 25 mm and maximum height over 30 or 40 mm, and (6) the ventricles were dilatated. The prognosis had no significant relationship with the age of the patients, the side of the hematoma, the presence or the absence of ventricular penetration of the hematoma, or the existence of midline shift. We believe that in the acute stage of hypertensive thalamic hemorrhage, the prognosis can be forecasted by neurological findings, accurate calculation of the hematoma volume and size, localization of the hematoma and presence or absence of ventricular dilatation as determined by CT scan. PMID- 6606871 TI - Central nervous system complications of coronary artery bypass graft surgery: prospective analysis of 421 patients. AB - A prospective analysis of 421 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery as the sole cardiac procedure was carried out to assess the frequency of central nervous system (CNS) complications. In all, 451 variables were assessed in each patient. Stroke occurred in 5.2% but was severe in only 2%. Prolonged encephalopathy occurred in 11.6% but usually resolved before discharge. No statistically significant pre- or intraoperative risk variables for CNS complications were found; specifically, age or pump times in excess of two hours were not significant factors. Postoperative use of an intraaortic balloon pump and pressor agents were significantly correlated with prolonged encephalopathy. The frequency of CNS injury in CABG surgery is similar to that in other forms of open heart surgery, and there has been little change in the frequency of CNS complications over the past seven years. Possible mechanisms of CNS damage during CABG surgery are discussed. PMID- 6606872 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow in patients with transient ischemic attacks studied by Xenon-133 inhalation and emission tomography. AB - Cerebral blood flow CBF was studied in 14 patients with transient ischemic attacks TIA and arteriosclerotic neck vessel disease. CBF was measured by a rapidly rotating single photon emission computerized tomograph using Xenon-133 inhalation. This method yields images of 3 brain slices depicting CBF with a spatial resolution of 1.7 cm. Based primarily on the clinical evidence and on the angiographical findings embolism was considered the pathogenetic factor in 10 cases, whereas chronic hemodynamic insufficiency rendered symptomatic by postural factors probably accounted for the symptoms in 4 patients. Of the 14 patients, all studied days to weeks after the most recent TIA, four showed hypoperfused areas on the CBF-tomograms and with roughly the same location hypodense areas on CT-scanning, i.e. areas of complete infarction. However, an additional five patients showed reduction of CBF in areas with no abnormality on the CT-scan. The abnormal blood flow pattern was found to be unchanged after clinically successful reconstructive vascular surgery. This suggests the presence of irreversible ischemic tissue damage without gross emollition (incomplete infarction). It is concluded, that TIAs are often harmful events, as no less than 9 of the 14 patients studied had evidence of complete and/or incomplete infarction. Thorough examination and rational therapy should be instituted as soon as possible to prevent further ischemic lesions. PMID- 6606873 TI - The deterrent effect of capital punishment during the 1950s. AB - This investigation examines the deterrence hypothesis of an inverse relationship between state execution rates and homicides. Although this question has received some attention in recent studies, the findings of these investigations are mixed. Cross-sectional analyses of states have typically shown execution and homicide rates to be positively associated, while at least two national time-series studies report support for the deterrence hypothesis. To test whether these divergent findings are result of the two different methodologies employed (cross sectional vs. time-series), a methodology that combines the strengths of each is used in the present study. For the period 1950 to 1960, we examine cross sectionally for states the relationship between changes in execution rates and changes in murder rates. This analysis does not find support for the deterrence argument for the certainty of the death penalty when a number of models of the execution rate--murder rate relationship are considered, and when a variety of imprisonment and socio-demographic factors are considered as control variables. PMID- 6606874 TI - Asymmetric (differential) cell division of thymic lymphocytes by means of cytoplasmic polarization: possible biological meanings. AB - A series of morphological studies at the light- and electron-microscopical levels have led to the conclusion that a significant proportion of immature thymic lymphocytes would undergo asymmetric (differential) cell division: at the telophase of such dividing cells one of two daughter cells retains morphological characteristics very similar to those of its parent cell, whereas the counterpart daughter cell looks much differentiated. Polarization of the cytoplasm is considered to be the mechanism whereby the asymmetry is generated. The phenomenon is observable in both prenatal and postnatal life of all the animal species examined, that is chicken, guinea pig, rat and mouse, meaning that it is a general phenomenon among the animals possessing the thymus. The frequency of asymmetrically-dividing cells is relatively high in large-sized cell fractions (more than 40% of total dividing cells). The conclusions leading from the above mentioned morphological studies are supported by the cell kinetic studies performed by Metcalf in the mid-1960s. Asymmetric cell division may be primarily involved in the maintenance of immature 'stem cells' while concomitantly producing differentiated cells of smaller sizes. The phenomenon might also play an important role in the differentiation of thymocytes into distinct lineage of thymic lymphocytes such as cortex and medulla lymphocytes. Furthermore, the present findings raises the idea that hematopoietic cells including lymphoid cells would possess, in general, intracellular mechanisms to undergo asymmetric cell division. PMID- 6606875 TI - The intrathymic microenvironment: expression of lectin receptors and lectin-like molecules of differentiation antigens and MHC gene products. AB - The expression of MHC products, differentiation antigens and lectin receptors has been investigated in the various cell types populating different compartments of the thymus. The ultrastructural classification of suspended thymic epithelial cells was facilitated by using a technique that preserves cortical nursing cells or medullary epithelial cell clusters. A subset of peanut lectin positive lymphocytes could be distinguished by their ability to bind soybean lectin also. This subset corresponds to the large proliferating lymphocytes that populate the area between the thymic capsule and the cortex. Ia and H-2 D/K antigens could be detected on nearly all epithelial and lymphoid cells. Expression of H-2 antigens, however, is more pronounced on medullary epithelial cells. T-cell differentiation antigens such as Thy-1 and Lyt-1 could be demonstrated not only on lymphocytes, but, interestingly enough, on cortical epithelial cells as well. These latter cells, in addition, exhibit a cell membrane-bound lectin with a specificity for D galactose which might well be the structure responsible for binding the galactosyl residues of the peanut lectin receptor of thymic lymphocytes. Binding sites for a large set of lectins could be demonstrated on both, thymic lymphocytes and epithelium. The intrathymic differentiation pathway of T-lineage cells is discussed with regard to those lymphocytic and epithelial cell surface structures considered to enable cellular interaction. PMID- 6606876 TI - Seasonal cyclic changes in the thymus gland of the adult frog, Rana temporaria. AB - The thymus gland of the adult common frog, Rana temporaria, undergoes conspicuous seasonal changes corresponding to the temperature-dependent changes in the annual activity of these animals. During the period of active terrestrial life the thymus is clearly divided into a lymphocyte-rich cortex and an epithelial medulla containing interdigitating-like cells. During hibernation and mating the thymus is depleted of lymphocytes and consists of numerous secretory units (cells and cysts) and degeneration cysts. Rapid release of secretory material is evident at the beginning of the frog active life. PMID- 6606877 TI - Effect of intrauterine thymectomy on granulation tissue formation. An experimental study. AB - Intrauterine thymectomy was successfully performed on 9 guinea pig foetuses at the gestational age of 36-48 days. This resulted in a significant suppression of the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) response of the whole blood lymphocytes at the age of 3 mth. The in utero-thymectomized guinea pigs and their littermate non thymectomized controls were operated on by making 4 symmetrical dorsal skin incisions and by subcutaneously implanting 8 standardized pieces of viscose cellulose sponge. On the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 10th days the tensile strength of the wounds was determined and the implants were analysed histologically and enzymehistochemically. At the time of incipient fibroplasia on the 5th post operative day, the tensile strength of the wounds, the number of fibroblasts and the activities of aminopeptidase and succinate dehydrogenase were clearly less in the guinea pigs which had been thymectomized in utero. These findings indicate that adequate thymic function was necessary for normal fibroblast proliferation, since intrauterine thymectomy led to a temporary delay in the beginning of the fibroblastic phase in wound healing. PMID- 6606878 TI - Controlling pain. PMID- 6606879 TI - BSEP in patients with retrocochlear lesions. PMID- 6606880 TI - Chancroid in Nigeria. AB - The present paper records the incidence of chancroid in northern Nigeria. Out of 776 new patients registered at the Special Treatment Clinic (STC) of the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) Zaria during February to August 1982, 34 cases (4.38%) were diagnosed as chancroid. Direct smear examination for Haemophilus ducreyi was positive in 33 cases and bacterial bodies devoid of cell wall (probably L-forms of H. ducreyi) were demonstrated in one. Culture for H. ducreyi was positive in only three cases. All the patients responded to co trimoxazole and tetracyclines. PMID- 6606881 TI - The use of T cell culture techniques to establish the presence of an intrauterine derived maternal T cell graft in a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). PMID- 6606882 TI - [Nature of the changes in water-soluble enzyme activity in the exposure of muscles to harmful agents. III. A study of creatine kinase extractability from intact and altered muscles]. AB - Binding of creatine kinase (CrK) in intact and thermally altered (15 minutes at 37 and 38 degrees C) skeletal muscles of frogs (Rana temporaria L.) was studied according to CrK extractability from muscles. The CrK activity in actomyosin isolated from muscles and its changes in thermally altered actomyosin were detected. Solutions of KCl (0.075, 0.15, 0.3 and 0.6 M) and of NaF (0.15 M) extract additional amounts of CrK from intact and altered muscles. Inhibiting effects of KCl, NaF and K2HPO4 on CrK in muscle extract were found. The latter exerts the most pronounced inhibiting effect, which prevents it from being used for CrK extraction purposes. Among the structural components of muscle that bind CrK actomyosin was detected. The actomyosin isolated from muscles revealed CrK activity. CrK in actomyosin gel is much more stable to thermal effect than that in a water extract of muscle. Such a thermostabity of CrK within the system of the whole muscle cell may apparently result from its being bound to actomyosin. PMID- 6606883 TI - [Changes in the thermal resistance of tadpole muscle tissue in the common frog in the thermal selection of ova]. AB - Mature ova of frogs have been subjected to doses thermal effects causing death or injury of 5, 50 and 95% of ova. With the increase of intensity of thermal selection all the ova undergo complex internal changes, abruptly shift the ratios of muscle tissue heat resistance values of larvae developed from the ova selected by heating, cause the disappearance of low resistant variants and the appearance of a number of highly resistant variants absent from the control series. The pattern of changes of the heat resistance allows an assumption that these may be due to the existence of at least two groups of ova which response quite differently to the thermal effect. Hence, during an intensive thermal selection of ova, two processes are under way going in parallel: the first, the elimination of low-resistant ova and, consequently, of individuals with low tissue resistance, and the second, a reactive change in ova due to which the larvae with high tissue resistance appear. PMID- 6606884 TI - The risk of tuberculous infection in The Netherlands from 1967 to 1979. AB - Estimates of the annual risks of tuberculous infection in the Netherlands from 1910 to 1966 were made by Styblo et al. [1] from tuberculin surveys in recruits and schoolchildren. The risk decreased particularly steeply after about 1940 (the annual decrease in log risk was about 13%), and forward projections of the risk were made on this basis to 1980. Tuberculin test results in male recruits and in secondary or primary schoolchildren between 1966 and 1979 have now been used, alone and in conjunction with the earlier material, to estimate the trend in the risk of tuberculous infection in the Netherlands up to 1979, and to study the sex and age patterns in the risk. The risk of infection has continued to decrease steeply with calendar year in the Netherlands. Among the recruits the log risk, estimated only from the data from 1966 to 1979, decreased annually by 10.4%, compared with the estimate of 13.7% from the earlier data from 1956 to 1966; this difference is non-significant. Analysis of the complete data on schoolchildren from 1956 to 1979 shows a decrease in their log risk of infection of 15.0% each calendar year. The risks of infection were similar for boys and girls up to age 10, but were higher for boys than for girls (by 10.2%) during adolescence. In addition there was an increase in log risk of about 6.1% for each year of age up to age 20. According to this analysis, the annual risks of tuberculous infection in 1979 in the Netherlands were estimated to be 6, 9, 12, and 16 in 100 000 boys aged 5, 10, 15 and 20 years respectively, and 6, 9, 11 and 15 in 100 000 girls. PMID- 6606885 TI - The use of a sonicate preparation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (new tuberculin) in the assessment of BCG vaccination. AB - Six hundred and sixty four children attending elementary schools in and around the town of Butajira in Shoa district of Ethiopia have been skin-tested with a sonicate tuberculin and the responses have been divided into two different types. One of these types is believed to indicate protective immunity and the other tissue damaging hypersensitivity. On the basis of these responses previously administered BCG vaccination has been assessed for its protective efficacy which, it is suggested, is above 80%. This system of assessment also indicated that school entry age would be a very suitable time for BCG vaccination in the region. If the system can be established as useful, its potential value in planning BCG campaigns in developing countries is considerable. PMID- 6606886 TI - [Toxic epidermal necrolysis. A case caused by sulphamethoxazole combined with trimethoprim]. PMID- 6606887 TI - [The positron camera in nuclear medicine: a tool in the service of physiology in healthy subjects and the sick]. PMID- 6606888 TI - Ultrasonic and electrohydraulic lithotripsy of ureteral calculi. AB - Ultrasonic lithotripsy of ureteral calculi has been accomplished using a fine flexible ultrasonic probe under direct visual control through a 9-F rigid ureteroscope. Electrohydraulic ureterolithotripsy was performed by passing a 5-F catheter-electrode cystoscopically under fluoroscopic control. Case reports are presented. It is concluded that ultrasonic ureterolithotripsy, using the technique described, is a feasible and safe method. Although stone fragmentation by electrohydraulic ureterolithotripsy is possible, the danger of ureteral injury and urinary extravasation is appreciable. PMID- 6606889 TI - [Use of electropuncture for stimulating the accommodation apparatus]. PMID- 6606890 TI - [Corneal epithelial dystrophy and the role of lacrimal gland pathology in its development]. PMID- 6606892 TI - Presence of adherent cytotoxic cells and non-adherent natural killer cells in progressive and regressive Marek's disease tumors. AB - Marek's disease virus-induced progressive tumors and Marek's disease transplantable local regressive tumors were dispersed by treatment with collagenase and cells were examined in vitro for cytotoxic effector functions against target cells of tumor lines. Both types of tumors had adherent and non adherent cytotoxic cells. The cytotoxicity of adherent cells was detected in an 18-hour but not in a 4-hour 51Cr-release assay. The adherent effector cells from progressive tumors were inactivated by pretreatment with carbonyl iron and carrageenan whereas the adherent effector cells from the regressive tumors were refractory to these treatments. In the progressive tumors, the 18-hour cytotoxic activity of cells of tumors and of spleens of tumor-bearing chickens was compared; the activity was higher in the tumor than in spleen. The nonadherent cell cytotoxicity detectable in a 4-hour 51Cr-release assay was associated with anti thymocyte serum-resistant natural killer cells. The incidence and levels of natural killer cell reactivity were greater in the regressive tumors than in the progressive tumors. In the regressive tumors, the natural cytotoxicity levels were higher in the tumor than in the spleen of tumor-bearing chickens. The differences in characteristics of adherent cytotoxic cells in virus-induced progressive tumors and transplantable regressive tumors and elevated levels of NK cells in regressive but not in progressive tumors may indicate a role for intratumoral immunity in tumor regression. PMID- 6606891 TI - High incidence of neoplasms in female NZB/NZW mice treated with pulse doses of cyclophosphamide. AB - The immunosuppressive properties of cyclophosphamide prevent formation of anti DNA antibodies and prolong lifespans in autoimmune NZB/NZW mice, an animal model of systemic lupus erythematosus. In the current study, NZB/NZW mice were treated with weekly doses of cyclophosphamide to determine if intermittent pulses of the drug were effective therapy. Life-long treatment with cyclophosphamide, 56 mg/kg/week, was started at the mean age of 6 weeks; results were compared with saline-injected control mice. Pulse therapy with cyclophosphamide suppressed anti DNA antibody levels, prevented severe glomerulonephritis and prolonged longevity. Seventeen of 19 treated mice developed neoplasms; 7 of these immunosuppressed animals had 2 to 4 separate neoplasms. Examination of earlier studies in this laboratory in which NZB/NZW mice were treated each day with cyclophosphamide showed that daily and weekly therapeutic regimens had similar immunosuppressive and oncogenic effects. PMID- 6606893 TI - Response to light of various retinal cell types during spreading depression. AB - The retina in low Cl-media gives rise to spreading depression (SD) accompanied by a large, receptor side negative potential change (SDP). Changes during SD in the membrane potential and the responsiveness to light of various retinal cell types are studied, using a pair of intra- and extracellular electrodes and applying dim white light flashes to the retina at 5 sec intervals throughout the experiment. The study shows that the amacrine and ganglion cells depolarize strongly during SD to complete loss of response to light, and that the start of depolarization in these cell types precedes a little that of SDP. The other cell types continue to respond to light flashes during SD, though their response amplitude decreases as the cells depolarize due probably to an increase in [K+]0 accompanying SD. The results suggest that the amacrine and ganglion cells take an initiative role in the SD generation, and that the changes in the other cell types are mostly of passive nature. PMID- 6606895 TI - [The rheumatologic paraneoplastic syndrome in internal diseases]. PMID- 6606894 TI - Three light-evoked responses of the retinal pigment epithelium. AB - This paper summarizes our findings on light-evoked changes in retinal pigment epithelial cell (RPE) membrane potentials. Experiments were performed on the eye of the anesthetized or decerebrate cat and on isolated tissues from the eyes of a lizard, Gekko gekko, and a frog, Rana catesbeiana. In cat, as was previously shown, the RPE apical membrane potential responds to changes in [K+]0 in the subretinal space. At the onset of illumination it hyperpolarizes to a peak at 4.0 sec as [K+]0 decreases. The next RPE response is a hyperpolarization of the basal membrane that peaks at 20 sec and is also dependent on the decrease in subretinal [K+]0. The last and slowest response is a depolarization of the basal membrane that peaks at 300 sec, and is not obviously associated with K+ changes. The same responses also appear in gecko at a slower time-course, but only the apical membrane K+-response is present in frog. The three responses also are associated with changes of the opposite polarity at the offset of illumination. These changes in membrane potential are the origin, respectively, of the RPE component of the ERG c-wave, the fast oscillation, and the light peak (slow oscillation). PMID- 6606896 TI - [Various immunological mechanisms of the adaptation of sailors to voyages at low latitudes]. PMID- 6606897 TI - [Vacuum-electrophoresis in the combined treatment of patients with mandibular fractures]. PMID- 6606898 TI - [Combined treatment of patients with urate and urate-oxalate ureteral calculi]. PMID- 6606899 TI - [Use of diadynamic currents in alopecia areata]. PMID- 6606900 TI - [Mechanisms of the effect of a viral infection on the development of infectious allergic diseases]. PMID- 6606901 TI - [Effect of histamine on lymphocyte E-rosette formation in patients with a deficiency in the thymus-dependent immunity system]. PMID- 6606902 TI - [Effect of the dietary factor on the course of chronic active hepatitis]. PMID- 6606904 TI - Clinical aspects of herpes zoster. PMID- 6606903 TI - [Humoral immunity to influenza A and B viruses in the blood sera of children younger than 14 in 1981]. AB - Blood sera from 317 children with the history of noninfectious diseases or normal children pretreated with RDE were collected and examined for antihemagglutinins to 7 influenza virus strains in order to check the results of studies of 1980 and to study the immunity status to influenza A (H1N1), A (H2N2), A (H3N2) and B in the preepidemic period of 1981. Negative results of antihemagglutinin detection to influenza A/Iksha/1/57 (H2N2) in sera of all the children have confirmed the conclusion made in the previous paper (1) that influenza A (H1N2) viruses have not circulated in recent years among the population of Moscow City and suburban areas. Fourteen sera positive in HI tests with A/Shklyawer/49 virus similar to A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) in titres from 1:20 to 1:40 did not produce hemolysis zones with A/PR/8/34 virus in RHT, but most of these sera gave similar results of both tests with A/Brazil/11/79 and A/Khabarovsk/1/77 viruses. This attests to cross, nonspecific nature of hemagglutination-inhibition with A/Shklyawer/49 virus which evidently does not circulate now in the population of Moscow City and suburbs. An increase in the level of immunity to influenza B and A (H1N1)/1977 viruses reflected the epidemic situation of the previous year. PMID- 6606905 TI - Proceedings of the International Symposium on Trichomonadosis. Bialystok, 13-15 July 1981. PMID- 6606906 TI - [Fever--treatment requiring symptom or meaningful defense reaction?]. PMID- 6606907 TI - [Characteristics of the state of humoral and cellular immunity in patients with latent syphilis]. PMID- 6606908 TI - Correlation between alpha-amylase production and sporulation in Bacillus licheniformis CUMC 305 with respect to the effect of some carbohydrates and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride treatment. AB - The existence of any relationship between extracellular alpha-amylase production and sporulation in Bacillus licheniformis CUMC 305, when grown in the presence of different carbohydrates, was investigated. It was noted that alpha-amylase production in the organism was almost complete during the period of maximum sporulation, irrespective of the carbon source used. The effect of a sporulation inhibitor, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride at a concentration of 8 micrograms/ml, on enzyme secretion was an interesting feature. It was observed that alpha amylase production as well as sporulation deteriorated, if the inhibitor was added to the external growth medium during the period extending from mid logarithmic phase to mid-stationary phase of the growth cycle; contrary to it, there was no change in the pattern of alpha-amylase production or sporulation when added either earlier or later than this period. It may be concluded that the extracellular pool was the principal yield of alpha-amylase in the organism, since washing experiments and subsequent treatment of the intact cells with Tris hydroxymethyl aminomethane hydrochloride buffer or lysozyme, surfactant (Tween 80), or lysozyme-Tween mixture failed to extricate any substantial quantities of the enzyme. The intracellular pool of enzyme, obtained by disrupting the cells, was insignificant compared to the extracellular pool. PMID- 6606909 TI - [Mechanism of immunosuppression in carcinogenesis. I. Contact interaction of macrophages with T-lymphocytes in the dynamics of tumor growth]. AB - The suppression of the "grape-forming" activity of macrophages has been shown to occur in the process of the development of tumor growth under the conditions of in vitro culture, which seems to be one of the important factors ensuring the "deficit" state in the population of mature lymphocytes. PMID- 6606910 TI - [Dexamethasone and corticosterone binding by glucocorticoid-resistant and glucocorticoid-sensitive thymocytes in vitro and in vivo]. AB - No correlation between the sensitivity of thymocytes to glucocorticoids and the number of glucocorticoid receptors has been revealed in studies carried out in vivo and in vitro. The micromedium of the thymus has been found capable of accumulating glucocorticoid hormones. PMID- 6606911 TI - [Etiology of acute and chronic bronchopulmonary diseases in children. I. The results of a bacteriological and immunological study]. AB - The bacteriological study of tracheal aspirate, sputum and bronchial washings obtained from 130 children with acute pneumonia and pleuritis and from 186 children with chronic pneumonia was carried out. In the samples of pleural exudate, urine and blood serum from the patients with acute pneumonia and pleuritis the presence of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae antigens was determined by the method of countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis (CIE). S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae were found to be of different importance in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic bronchopulmonary diseases in children. In acute pneumonia and pleuritis in children who had not been treated with antibiotics pneumococci were isolated in 65.9% of cases and H. influenzae, in 20.4% of cases. In children with chronic pneumonia at the period of exacerbation H. influenzae dominated in the microflora (79%), while pneumococci were isolated 31.9% of cases. The use of CIE permitted the detection of pneumococcal antigen in 21.8% of those exudate samples which had shown no bacterial growth after inoculation. H. influenzae antigen was detected in pleural exudate in 5.4% of cases. In concentrated urine obtained from the children with acute pneumonia and pleuritis pneumococcal antigen was detected in samples from 29.6% of patients, and in nonconcentrated urine the occurrence of this antigen was reduced by half. PMID- 6606913 TI - [Immunogenicity of a vaccine made from soluble Proteus antigens]. AB - Hemagglutinins with different specificity were determined in 270 subjects: of these, 101 were examined in the time course before and after immunization with Proteus vaccine prepared from soluble antigens. The preparation possessed pronounced immunological potency and stimulated the formation of antibodies to the vaccine strain, to heterologous Proteus strains and to the common antigens of Gram-negative bacteria. The combined scheme of the subcutaneous and local administration of the above-mentioned Proteus vaccine ensured an increase in the synthesis of IgM and IgA in patients with Proteus wound infection. Active immunization ensured an essential rise in the level of hemagglutinins to Re glycolipid in donors and oncological patients not infected with Proteus, but did not ensure the statistically significant shifts in the antibody level to Re glycolipids in patients with chronic Proteus infection. PMID- 6606912 TI - [Sensitivity of various cell populations of the mouse immune system to the tick borne encephalitis virus]. AB - The sensitivity of different cell populations in the immune system of mice to tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus has been studied in vitro. Using the method of infectious centers, the authors have shown that during the acute form of this infection the virus multiplies in different immunocompetent organs: the spleen, the thymus, the bone marrow. In the spleen the cells with the features of T lymphocytes (possessing theta-antigen and not adhering to glass) and the cells with the features of macrophages (free of theta-antigen and adhering to glass) serve as targets for the infective agent. The multiplication of the virus is observed only in those immunocompetent cells which synthesize DNA (the cycloheximide test). The activation of the cells with phytohemagglutinin enhances their sensitivity to TBE virus. PMID- 6606914 TI - [State of the cellular component of immunity in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in children]. AB - Fourteen children aged 4 to 12 years suffering from subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) were observed. Prior to the treatment initiation, cellular immunity was studied in seven children who had been hospitalized over the last three years. An analysis of the findings showed that the patients' peripheral blood displayed the deficit of the total number of T lymphocytes (1.12.10(9)/1 +/ 0.06.10(9)/1) as compared with this value in age-matched healthy children (2.12.10(9)/1 +/- 0.04.10(9)/1) and also the deficit of the subpopulations of "active" and T lymphocyte suppressors; 60.0 +/- 4.1% of the total number of T lymphocytes proved to be poorly receptive compared to 30.6 +/- 2.6% in healthy children. The count of D lymphocytes remained practically unaltered whereas the content of B lymphocytes, macro- and microphages in the peripheral blood exceeded considerably the normal values for a given age. The evidence obtained suggests that patients with SSPE have sufficient indications for directed pharmacological immunocorrection. PMID- 6606915 TI - [Treatment of migraine with electropuncture]. AB - Clinical and electrophysiological examinations of 255 children and adolescents with migraine were carried out. Some age peculiarities of the clinical picture and course of the disease were noted. As the treatment method electropuncture with the use of Soviet-made apparatus pep-1 was given to 80 patients. A favourable clinical effect was registered that correlated with the electrophysiological findings. Indications for, and contraindications to the use of electropuncture for treating migraine in children and adolescents are determined. PMID- 6606916 TI - [Electrostimulation of the anal sphincter in incontinence among patients with spinal cord lesions]. AB - The effect of electrostimulation of the rectum on the sphincter of the urinary bladder in patients with traumatic damage to the spinal cord and involuntary micturition was studied. It was established that the therapeutic effect of electrostimulation was determined by the parameters of the stimulating current. The optimum parameters were as follows: pulse duration, 0.8-1 msec; pulse shape, rectangular, diphase; frequency of electric pulse flow, 50 per sec. Output voltage--4 to 15 v. These electric current parameters were fed into a constructed electric stimulator of the urinary bladder sphincter ESMP 15-1. The effect of electric stimulation of the bladder sphincter in patients with damage to the spinal cord was highest in mild resistance of the sphincter; after a course of therapeutic electrostimulation the resistance grew. This facilitated the possibility of holding the urine in patients with injury to the spinal cord. PMID- 6606917 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of various methods of puncture therapy of severe forms of trigeminal neuralgia]. PMID- 6606918 TI - In vitro immunization of mouse spleen cells and the production of monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6606919 TI - Direct intracoronary thrombolysis: treatment "a la mode". An alternative: the intravenous approach. PMID- 6606920 TI - The jugular and hepatic tracings in normal subjects and in conduction defects. AB - The present study is a revision of the patterns of the jugular and hepatic tracings, two non-invasive tracings of the venous system. The study was performed in 40 subjects; 30 of them were normal while 10 had minor conditions affecting the left heart. The time of onset and peak of the various waves was statistically evaluated in this series. In addition, 14 cases of bundle branch block and 10 cases of grade 2 or 3 atrioventricular block were studied in order to better determine the cause of certain waves. Among the findings are: 1) the presence of a double A wave in 5 normals and in over one-half of the patients with AV block; 2) the frequent occurrence of a double C wave (an occurrence that required the labeling of the two peaks as t and C both in normal subjects and in clinical cases); 3) the possibility of either a double V wave or a small V wave, followed by a large H wave, especially in hepatic tracings. The mechanism of the various waves is discussed and the possible transmission of left-sided mechanical events to the right atrium and the venous system is postulated. PMID- 6606921 TI - Limitation of infarct size by decrease of afterload with prazosin. AB - To investigate the possibility of limiting infarct size by decreasing afterload 32 normotensive patients with uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were put on prazosin and compared with 32 control patients. Blood pressure fell significantly lower in the prazosin group without increase of heart rate. The mean daily and peak levels of serum aspartate transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase and the calculated from the 12 lead ECG mean daily sum of ST segment elevation, number of leads with ST greater than or equal to 0.1 mV, mean ST elevation, number of new Q waves greater than or equal to 0.03 s and the loss of height of R waves were significantly less in the prazosin group. ST segment re elevation occurring on 2nd-3rd day in the control group was absent or minimal in the prazosin group. The enzyme levels and the change of the ECG variables correlated fairly well with the change of blood pressure. These findings indicate that, at least in the selectively good risk cases of our material, reduction of afterload without increase of heart rate induced by prazosin may favorably influence the balance of myocardial oxygen supply and demand early in AMI and prevent death of jeopardized ischaemic tissue, thus limiting the final extent of the infarct. PMID- 6606922 TI - Extension of calcific deposits in the anterior mitral valve leaflet and mitral valve stenosis severity. Use of 2D Echo parasternal long-axis view. AB - To evaluate the role of the extent of calcific deposits on the anterior mitral leaflet in predicting the severity of mitral valve stenosis, two-dimensional echocardiography (2D Echo) and heart catheterization data were analysed in 62 patients with mitral valve stenosis, pure or associated with trivial valve regurgitation. 50 patients had technically adequate 2D Echo. Of these, 28 had pure mitral valve stenosis. The mitral valve area was estimated from the parasternal short-axis 2D Echo projection. Using the parasternal long-axis projection, calcium deposits location and extension on the anterior mitral leaflet was examined. Patients were subdivided into the following groups: Group 0 (absence of calcium deposits = 19 patients), Group 1 (calcium on distal third of the leaflet = 19 patients), Group 2 (calcium on mid and distal segments = 11 patients), Group 3 (calcium on the entire leaflet = one patient). The extension of calcium deposits in long-axis projection was contrasted with 2D Echo mitral valve area in the 50 mitral valve patients. 2D Echo and heart catheterization derived mitral valve area were compared to each other in the 28 patients with pure mitral valve stenosis. 2D Echo mitral valve area was greater in Group 0 patients (1.8 +/- 0.4 cm2) than in Group 1 (1.4 +/- 0.4 cm2) and in Group 2 (1.1 +/- 0.3 cm2) (p less than 0.001 between the three groups). Calcific deposits were present on the anterior mitral leaflet in 30/31 patients with 2D Echo mitral valve area less than or equal to 2 cm2. However, of the 19 patients of Group 0, 13 had moderate and one severe mitral valve stenosis. In the 28 patients with pure mitral valve stenosis, 2D Echo mitral valve area was excellently correlated with Gorlin's derived mitral valve area (r = 0.90). However, in patients with extensive calcification of the anterior mitral valve leaflet (Group 2), 2D Echo mitral valve area was significantly greater than the Gorlin's derived area (1.08 +/- 0.20 cm2 versus 0.68 +/- 0.17 cm2; p less than 0.001). In four patients of Group 2, the mitral valve stenosis was moderate by 2D Echo grading and severe by heart catheterization data. Our data suggest that the study of extension of calcific deposits on the anterior mitral valve leaflet may be a complementary aid in quantifying mitral valve stenosis to the 2D Echo mitral valve area estimate, especially when the valve is severely calcified. PMID- 6606924 TI - Anteroseptal myocardial infarction complicated by right ventricular myocardial infarction. AB - A 73 year old man presented with an acute anteroseptal myocardial infarction. He became progressively hypotensive without signs of left heart decompensation or major rhythm disturbances. Swan-Ganz catheterisation revealed a pattern of right ventricular infarction and under appropriate treatment the patient recovered remarkably well. The importance of recognition of right ventricular infarction is stressed especially in this case where an anteroseptal myocardial infarction was present without the usual left posterior infarction. PMID- 6606923 TI - The influence of exercise on left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, left ventricular performance and electrocardiogram in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - To investigate exertional changes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), 42 patients with HCM were studied by echocardiography and ECG at a supine ergometer exercise. In 12 cases with left ventricular (LV) outflow tract obstruction at rest (Group I), systolic anterior movement (SAM) of mitral valve was intensified during exercise; and among 30 cases without obstruction at rest (Group II), in 6 cases (Group IIA) SAM appeared during exercise. SAM might be further intensified 1 minute after exercise. Inverted T-wave was seen at rest especially in Group IIB (no SAM both at rest and during exercise), and tended to become less deep during exercise with an increase of LV wall motion. In conclusion, in HCM, LV outflow tract obstruction may be produced or intensified during exercise. Inverted T-wave in HCM may become less deep during exercise, with accelerated LV function. PMID- 6606925 TI - Cardiac manifestations of Becker-type muscular dystrophy. AB - The electro-, phonomechano- and echocardiographic manifestations observed in a family with documented X-linked Becker-type muscular dystrophy (BMD) are described. Important myocardial dystrophic lesions may occur in young patients with BMD. They are associated with typical electrocardiological findings which were described as a distinctive pattern in Duchenne-type muscular dystrophy. Myocardial involvement is seldom observed in heterozygotes for BMD. PMID- 6606926 TI - [Emergency treatment of acute massive hemorrhage of gastroesophageal varices. Intra-arterial infusion of vasopressin and embolization of the coronary gastric vein]. PMID- 6606927 TI - [Treatment of hemorrhage due to the rupture of esophageal varices using Michel's tube]. PMID- 6606929 TI - Respiratory effect of Haemophilus influenzae endotoxin in mice. AB - The effect of the endotoxin of a noncapsulated Haemophilus influenzae strain isolated from bronchitis was studied on the respiration of mice. Inhalation of the H. influenzae endotoxin resulted in heavy attacks of dyspnoea with non specific histological changes in the lung. The endotoxin elicited no direct response in isolated organs, but produced cytotoxic changes in HEp-2 tissue cultures. The experiments led to the conclusion that the clinical signs and the histological changes may be explained by the direct damaging effect of endotoxin on the cells and by the released mediator substances. PMID- 6606928 TI - [Therapeutic sequence and the role of portocaval anastomosis in the treatment of digestive hemorrhages due to esophageal varices]. PMID- 6606930 TI - Femoxetine - a new 5-HT uptake inhibitor - and propranolol in the prophylactic treatment of migraine. AB - The prophylactic effect of a 5-HT uptake inhibitor, femoxetine, was compared with that of propranolol in a double-blind crossover study of 6-months duration. 29 patients commenced the experiment. 3 subjects withdrew because of side effects and 2 because the program was inconvenient for them. In the 24 patients who continued the study to the end, the periods of propranolol (administered 160 mg daily) and of femoxetine (given 400 mg daily) differed significantly from each other with respect to the attack frequency and headache index. A significant reduction in the use of medication relieving attacks was observed during the propranolol treatment as compared with the pre-treatment period. The study showed that partial depletion of thrombocyte 5-HT uptake inhibitor did not lead to a marked improvement in headache, contrary to what might be expected on the grounds of the 5-HT hypothesis of migraine. PMID- 6606931 TI - Evaluation of the vestibulospinal reflex by posturography. New perspectives in the otoneurology. AB - The vestibulospinal aspect of the vestibular function has been neglected in the evaluation of a patient with balance troubles. The attention is focused on vertigo rather than on problems of instability and ataxia, whereas also the examination of the patient is based upon the evaluation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex. Recent technical progress allows us to assess the vestibulospinal reflex in the global balance regulation of the standing patient by means of posturography, i.e. the recording and micro-computer analysis of the postural sway. In this way a precise description of this function is obtained and can be used in the approach to the patient, especially for a functional follow-up. PMID- 6606932 TI - Visuo-vestibular interaction in the otoneurological semiology. AB - The test-procedure for visuo-vestibular interaction, used in this study, consists in the comparison of the results of a pure vestibular rotation test (V-test), a combined optokinetic and vestibular test (V + O-test) and an optokinetic test (OKN-test), the obtained nystagmus being elicited by a sinusoidal stimulus of 0.05 Hz and 120 degrees ampl. The evaluation of the symmetry in the obtained reactions allows us to distinguish different mechanisms in the achievement of compensation. In case of caloric asymmetry, the presence of an asymmetry in the V test proves there is still a lack of sufficient compensation at the vestibular level. In some of them, also the V + O-test shows asymmetry, but in most of cases the latter test shows a symmetrical reaction, proving the efficiency of the substitutive interaction of the optokinetic mechanisms in the scope of compensation. In rather rare cases we find an asymmetry only in the V + O - test and then mostly associated with an asymmetry in vestibular tests, others than the V-test. An asymmetry in the OKN-test is mostly a repercussion of the vestibular asymmetry, detected in the other vetibular tests, and in case of a complete vestibular symmetry, it is an indication for central pathology. The diversity of the observed reaction patterns proves the complexity of the mechanisms for compensation in case of vestibular deficiency. PMID- 6606933 TI - [Rebound nystagmus and secondary phases after thermal stimulation in cerebellar atrophy: physiopathological and nystagmographic correlations]. PMID- 6606934 TI - [Ultrastructural changes of the otoliths in chronic aminoglycoside poisoning]. PMID- 6606935 TI - [Progress in the pharmaceutical chemistry of antimalarial agents during the last 2 decades]. PMID- 6606936 TI - Melanin affinity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine, an inducer of chronic parkinsonism in humans. PMID- 6606937 TI - Effects of ouabain on the mechanical performance of heart muscle in the frog, Rana temporaria, during hypoxia and subsequent recovery at pH 6.6. PMID- 6606938 TI - Torsion of wandering spleen and distal pancreas. PMID- 6606939 TI - New technique for replacing dislodged T tubes. PMID- 6606940 TI - "Pull-through" method for silastic catheter insertion. PMID- 6606941 TI - Diffuse lymphoid follicles of the colon associated with colonic carcinoma. AB - In four patients aged 59-75 years, colonic carcinoma was associated with diffuse lymphoid follicles in the colon. In one case, the prominence and distribution of the lymphoid follicles corresponded to the progression and regression of the tumor bulk. It is extremely unusual to demonstrate lymphoid follicles, particularly diffuse, on barium enema in patients in this age range. The colonic carcinomas and lymphoid follicles are directly related, possibly representing an immune response. PMID- 6606942 TI - Effect of glucagon on the diagnostic accuracy of double-contrast barium enema examinations. AB - The effect of glucagon-induced hypotonicity on the diagnostic accuracy of double contrast barium enema examinations was determined in 133 consecutive patients in a double-blind crossover study. All patients underwent colonoscopy and served as their own controls by undergoing a double-contrast study after intravenous injection of 1 mg of glucagon and another after intravenous injection of 1 ml of saline placebo, in randomized order. The frequencies of good/excellent hypotonicity and quality of examinations after first doses of glucagon (55.3% and 80.8%) were not significantly different from the frequencies of good/excellent results after first doses of saline (51.3% and 86.5%). The sensitivity was 72.6% after glucagon and 64.5% after placebo; the specificity was 88.7% after glucagon and 77.9% after placebo; and the respective accuracies were 81.2% and 71.9%. These percentages should be used only to compare results with and without glucagon and, by study design, do not represent results of a complete double contrast study. The variation among these percentages was not statistically significant, but diverticulitis was more accurately diagnosed after glucagon. It was concluded that glucagon does not significantly improve the sensitivity and specificity of the double-contrast barium enema examination and should be used only in selected instances. PMID- 6606943 TI - Radiographic response to cimetidine in patients with basal gastric acid hypersecretion. AB - Gastroduodenal rugal enlargement is associated with gastric acid hypersecretion. This study investigates the effects on the upper gastrointestinal (GI) examination of gastric acid suppression by cimetidine. Radiographs were evaluated for gastric and small-bowel fold size, small-bowel dilatation, and the presence of fluid in the stomach and small bowel. Six patients with basal gastric-acid hypersecretion (three with ordinary duodenal ulcer disease and three with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome) were studied. Results revealed that hypersecretors with ordinary duodenal ulcer disease could not be distinguished from those with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome by means of the upper GI study. The effects on the GI examination of the acid suppression by cimetidine were apparent in four of the six patients. Relations between observed radiographic effects and basal acid output and cimetidine dose were suggested only among the duodenal ulcer disease patients. PMID- 6606944 TI - "Bubbly" duodenal bulb in celiac disease: radiologic-pathologic correlation. AB - Small (1-4 mm) hexagonal filling defects were found on air-contrast studies of the duodenal bulb in three patients with unresponsive (atypical) celiac disease. Multiple biopsies confirmed both celiac disease and peptic duodenitis. Stimulated acid outputs determined in two patients were in the peptic ulcer range. Cimetidine therapy led to improved absorption in all three patients. Repeat upper gastrointestinal series and endoscopy in one patient showed no evidence of nodularity or peptic duodenitis, indicating that these changes may be reversible. Peptic disease may contribute to nodularity in the duodenal bulb and relative lack of response to a gluten-free diet of some patients with celiac disease. The finding of tiny nodules in the duodenal bulb in a patient with malabsorption should lead to consideration of celiac disease as a primary diagnosis with peptic duodenitis as an aggravating factor. PMID- 6606945 TI - Multiple oncocytomas and renal carcinoma. PMID- 6606946 TI - Contrast media hyperemia and Doppler measurements in peripheral arterial disease. AB - The addition of Doppler measurements of ankle/brachial artery pressure ratios just before and after the hyperemia of routine angiography is a simple, quick, and efficient method in the determination of the hemodynamic significance of arterial narrowings. In a series of 21 patients (35 limbs) this test was found to be particularly helpful for those patients who could not undergo stress exercise testing, who had borderline significant physiologic test results, and who had angiographically indeterminate severe vessel narrowings. PMID- 6606947 TI - Contrast echocardiography in detection of portopulmonary venous anastomosis. AB - Portopulmonary venous anastomosis is a potential channel for systemic arterial embolization during embolization procedures for bleeding esophageal varices. To document the presence of such anastomoses, 15 patients with esophageal varices were studied by real-time contrast echocardiography combined with transhepatic cineportography. Cinefluorographic technique, which was applied for this purpose, occasionally failed to demonstrate the dynamic events in the left atrium because of rapid dilution of contrast medium. Echocardiography after the injection of dextrose solution into the gastric coronary vein allowed two-dimensional real time images of contrast echoes in the left cardiac chambers. By combining these two methods, more reliable diagnostic information was obtained in five of the 15 patients studied. PMID- 6606948 TI - Diffuse arterial narrowing after thromboembolectomy with the Fogarty balloon catheter. PMID- 6606949 TI - Computed tomography of the asymptomatic postsurgical lumbar spine: analysis of the physiologic scar. AB - Computed tomography (CT) has been shown to be an effective noninvasive means of imaging the lumbar spine in patients with suspected disk disease. The clinical and radiographic evaluation, however, of patients with new or recurrent symptoms after surgery for disk disease is fraught with difficulty. This report describes CT changes seen in seven asymptomatic volunteers scanned at various intervals after disk surgery and discusses the implications of these findings. PMID- 6606950 TI - Jugular foramen: anatomic and computed tomographic study. AB - The computed tomographic (CT) appearance of the jugular foramen was examined in detail, and anatomic and CT sections were correlated. The pars nervosa and pars vascularis were identified, and, with intravenous contrast enhancement, a rapid sequence of scans at a gantry angle of +30 degrees to the canthomeatal line demonstrated cranial nerves IX, X, and XI. The osseous margins of the jugular foramen were best shown by CT at planes of sections parallel and positive (0 degrees - 30 degrees) of the canthomeatal line. CT can be used to evaluate osseous anatomy and the jugular foramen with precision sufficient to confidently exclude an intracanalicular mass. PMID- 6606951 TI - CT of osteomyelitis of the spine. AB - Computed tomography (CT) were performed in 17 adults with osteomyelitis of the spine. The dominant features were paravertebral soft-tissue swelling, abscess formation, and bone erosion. In two patients there were no findings indicative of osteomyelitis on conventional radiographs, but CT revealed paravertebral abscesses and bone lysis, helping to establish the diagnosis of osteomyelitis. CT was found helpful in the evaluation of the patients suspected of spinal osteomyelitis, chiefly because of its ability to detect early erosion of spongy vertebral bone, disk involvement, paravertebral soft-tissue swelling or abscess, and extension of the pathology into the spinal canal. Furthermore, CT facilitated closed-needle biopsy, helping to establish the pathologic diagnosis. PMID- 6606952 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance: principles of blood flow imaging. AB - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging with spin-echo techniques defines vascular structures with superb anatomic detail. Contrast agents are not necessary as there is intrinsic contrast between flowing blood and the vascular wall. The signal intensity from blood within the vessel lumen varies with the sequence of gradient and radiofrequency pulses used to generate the image as well as with the velocity of blood flow. Appropriate imaging techniques can optimize anatomic detail, distinguish slow from rapidly flowing blood, and serve to identify marked impairment or complete obstruction of flow in an artery or vein. Some examples of these principles in the intracranial circulation are illustrated. PMID- 6606953 TI - Sonographic recognition of in utero intraventricular hemorrhage. PMID- 6606954 TI - Hyperfunctioning cystic parathyroid glands: CT and sonographic findings. AB - Four functioning cystic parathyroid glands were evaluated with computed tomography (CT) and sonography in four patients, only one of whom had prior surgery. Sonography demonstrated solid lesions of decreased echogenicity with fluid-filled cavities near the lower thyroid poles or in the posterosuperior mediastinum. On CT the cystic parts of the lesions were of low attenuation (1-44 H), often with a well defined wall that was better demonstrated after intravenous contrast administration. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of two of the cystic parathyroids revealed elevated parathyroid hormone levels. These lesions probably represent degenerating adenomas rather than true parathyroid cysts. While the CT and sonographic findings are nonspecific, the diagnosis of a cystic parathyroid should be entertained when a fluid-filled lesion is encountered in the neck of a patient with or without hypercalcemia. The diagnosis may be confirmed by assay of parathyroid hormone from the fluid aspirate. PMID- 6606955 TI - Myositis ossificans and the three-phase bone scan. PMID- 6606956 TI - International symposium. The impact of new imaging technology on health care, research, and teaching: 2. What is to be expected in the future? PMID- 6606957 TI - ECG lead mimicking pulmonary nodule. PMID- 6606958 TI - Radiologic reporting. PMID- 6606959 TI - Double-contrast barium enema. PMID- 6606960 TI - Embolotherapy in vascular disease. AB - Embolotherapy for nonneoplastic vascular diseases including hemorrhage and congenital vascular malformations is reviewed. Application of short, intermediate, and long-acting embolic materials to these conditions is presented along with potential complications associated with their misuse. Successful application of embolotherapy results from a thorough understanding of the disease process being treated, the distinctive features of the circulation to be embolized, and the embolic material used for the occlusion. PMID- 6606961 TI - Interventional biliary radiology. AB - The biliary tract may be approached through surgical drainage tracts, percutaneously through the liver, and perorally through the duodenum. Removal of retained stones through a surgical drainage tract can be performed on outpatients with 90%-95% success in experienced hands. The percutaneous approach through the liver is useful to drain malignant obstructions before surgical or drug treatment and can offer catheter stent palliation for tumors in the porta hepatis. Benign strictures also may be drained and dilated transhepatically. Ascites and multiple intrahepatic obstructions are relative contraindications to transhepatic entry. Hemorrhage is the most frequent serious complication, occurring in about 5% of procedures. Indwelling endoprostheses are preferred to external catheters to reduce the psychologic trauma of the catheter. A new procedure for inserting large endoprostheses by a combined peroral/transhepatic approach has the advantage of requiring only a small transhepatic tract. PMID- 6606962 TI - Percutaneous drainage of abdominal abscesses. AB - Abdominal abscesses carry high morbidity and mortality unless properly drained. In recent years, percutaneous drainage has become an accepted alternative to surgery. A brief overview of diagnostic principles, selection of patients, percutaneous drainage catheters and technique, contraindications, and post drainage follow-up is presented. In experienced hands, more than 80% of abdominal abscesses can be drained successfully by this method and with lower rates of morbidity, mortality, and complications than by surgery. PMID- 6606963 TI - Percutaneous biopsy. AB - Percutaneous biopsies are the most frequent interventional radiographic procedure. Their increased use is related to new imaging techniques facilitating needle placement, greater safety of small needles, and advances in cytology. Many commonly biopsied sites could not be biopsied 10 years ago. Percutaneous biopsies can be performed with both safety and accuracy. Accuracy rates vary among institutions and according to the organ biopsied, but in general they depend on operator expertise, patient cooperation, number of samples obtained, and close cooperation of the pathologist. The contribution of percutaneous biopsies to more efficient diagnosis and treatment planning indicates they will be used increasingly in the future. The yield and risks of percutaneous biopsy are reviewed, and technical considerations in applications to specific sites are discussed. PMID- 6606964 TI - CT identification of bronchopulmonary segments: 50 normal subjects. AB - A systematic evaluation of the fissures, segmental bronchi and arteries, bronchopulmonary segments, and peripheral pulmonary parenchyma was made from computed tomographic (CT) scans of 50 patients with normal chest radiographs. Seventy percent of the segmental bronchi and 76% of the segmental arteries were identified. Arteries could be traced to their sixth- and seventh-order branches; their orientation to the plane of the CT section allowed gross identification and localization of bronchopulmonary segments. PMID- 6606966 TI - Recognition of pleural effusion on supine radiographs: how much fluid is required? AB - A prospective analysis of supine radiographs in 40 patients with pleural effusions was undertaken to determine the radiographic manifestations of pleural effusion on supine radiographs and the quantity of fluid that may be detected in the supine position. The presence of pleural effusion was predicted from supine radiographs using the following signs: increased homogeneous density superimposed over the lung fields, obliteration of the silhouette of the diaphragm, meniscus sign, apical capping, and accentuation of the right minor fissure. The supine radiographic findings were correlated with findings on subsequent standing erect posteroanterior and lateral radiographs. This study indicates that effusion of sufficient quantity to produce blunting of the lateral costophrenic angle on an erect posteroanterior radiograph (175-525 ml) will produce a noticeable increase in the density of the lower lung zone on supine radiographs. As the quantity of effusion increases, the abnormality of the supine chest radiograph increases in a stepwise manner. The classical findings of increased density over the entire hemithorax and apical capping described in pleural effusion on supine radiographs are late findings seen typically in large effusions. PMID- 6606965 TI - Application of ILO classification to a population without industrial exposure: findings to be differentiated from pneumoconiosis. AB - The International Labour Office (ILO) classification of radiographs of pneumoconiosis is a standard means of assessing the presence or absence of pneumoconiosis in workers exposed to mineral dusts. Using this classification, 200 admission chest radiographs were reviewed on hospitalized patients in an urban university medical center to determine the prevalence and possible significance of "small opacities" in a population without known industrial exposure. Seventy-one men and 129 women were screened with the mean age of 44.2 years (range, 15-84). Thirty-six (18%) of the 200 patients had small opacities at profusion level 1/0 or greater, and this constituted the "positive radiographs" group. Twenty-two patients (11%) with positive radiographs had no documentable dust exposure or other specific medical etiology that would explain the presence of their lung opacities. The high prevalence of small opacities in "normal" older individuals has important implications in the assessment of patients with suspected pneumoconiosis. PMID- 6606967 TI - Oblique chest film: value in routine and selective use. AB - A retrospective analysis is presented of 308 consecutive cases in which four views of the chest (right and left anterior oblique, posteroanterior, and lateral) were obtained. Most cases (257) were from adult cardiac clinics or thoracic surgery clinics, where the indications were for questionable cardiac abnormality, known cardiac abnormality, or thoracic malignancy. Fewer cases (37) were studied to attempt clarification of possible abnormality on routine films. Of the 257 routine studies, the oblique views yielded no further information in 97.6% of cases, and missed lesions in 1.3%. In the selective group, the oblique views provided information or confirmatory evidence in about 95% of cases when requested by radiologists. The results throw considerable doubt on the value of oblique films in routine studies, but suggest that they may still have a value in delineating possible abnormalities seen on other views or in cases of pleural disease. PMID- 6606968 TI - Chest radiograph in lymphomatoid granulomatosis: comparison with Wegener granulomatosis. AB - A form of angiitis and granulomatosis principally involving the lung was identified as a variant form of Wegener granulomatosis only 15 years ago. Recent experience indicates that the most common form of pulmonary angiitis and granulomatosis is lymphomatoid granulomatosis. Chest radiographs of 16 patients with this condition were reviewed and the findings compared with those of Wegener granulomatosis. The frequency and distribution of nodular masses, cavitation, and migratory lesions were similar in the two disorders, but reticulonodular infiltrates occurred only in lymphomatoid granulomatosis. The study suggests that lymphomatoid granulomatosis and Wegener granulomatosis occasionally can be distinguished by radiographic criteria. Although radiologic patterns will suggest the diagnosis of pulmonary angiitis and granulomatosis, the specific diagnosis of lymphomatoid granulomatosis must rely on clinical, immunologic, and pathologic evidence. Accurate differentiation is essential since treatment of Wegener granulomatosis with cyclophosphamide is highly effective while treatment of lymphomatoid granulomatosis is infrequently successful. PMID- 6606969 TI - Abnormal course of nasogastric tube in traumatic rupture of left hemidiaphragm. AB - In a review of 17 surgically proven cases of acute traumatic diaphragmatic hernia, a nasogastric tube had been inserted preoperatively in eight. In six of these patients the tube followed a characteristic course, indicating the diagnosis of gastric herniation into the left hemithorax. In four cases the passage of the tubing established the diagnosis; in the other two cases the diagnosis was suggested by plain films alone, but subsequent passage of the nasogastric tube provided confirmation. PMID- 6606970 TI - Multiple mycotic pulmonary artery aneurysms secondary to intravenous drug abuse. PMID- 6606971 TI - Computed tomographic findings in bowel infarction. AB - Findings on computed tomography (CT) were considered diagnostic or highly suggestive in seven cases of bowel infarction. Important findings were portal or mesenteric venous gas, intramural gas, focal thickening of bowel wall, focal or diffusely dilated fluid-filled bowel, and clot in the superior mesenteric artery. Only one patient had unequivocal extraluminal gas on initial abdominal radiographs, although others had equivocal findings or later developed obvious extraluminal gas. Because CT may detect extraluminal gas and mesenteric arterial occlusion not apparent on plain films, and because CT is increasingly used early in the evaluation of abdominal pain, it can play an important role in the diagnosis and management of bowel infarction. PMID- 6606972 TI - Study of lymphocyte subpopulations in contact dermatitis by sensitization to chrome and/or nickel. AB - Contact dermatitis is a hyperergic reaction mediated predominantly by T lymphocytes in which the target tissue is the skin. In this way and taking as a starting point that contact dermatitis is a reaction typically mediated by T lymphocytes, our aim is to study the possible existence of an unbalance between the lymphocyte subpopulations OKT-4+ and OKT-8- (T mu and T gamma) in comparison to a normal population and if, on the other hand, any of these subpopulations are involved in the increase of lymphocytes that form E active rosettes. We can see that there are no significant variations with regard to the number and function of the lymphocyte populations in individuals with contact dermatitis when we compare them to a control group. On the other hand, we consider it very important to emphasize that we have failed to detect differences in the parameters of lymphocyte populations and subpopulations studied before and after contact with the causal antigen responsible for the cutaneous condition. PMID- 6606973 TI - Myocardial depression by anesthetic agents (halothane, enflurane and nitrous oxide): quantitation based on end-systolic pressure-dimension relations. AB - The end-systolic pressure-diameter relation of the left ventricle was used to examine the effect of halothane, enflurane and nitrous oxide on left ventricular (LV) contractility in 10 dogs chronically instrumented with dimension transducers to measure LV diameter and micromanometers to measure LV transmural pressure. Contractility was assessed by the slope (EES) of the end-systolic pressure diameter relation. A new index that identifies the dose of anesthetic necessary to depress the inotropic state by 20% (ID20) was calculated to be 0.63% for halothane and 1.55% for enflurane, indicating a greater apparent myocardial depressant effect of halothane than enflurane. However, when these agents were compared at equi-anesthetic concentrations by normalizing the ID20 to the minimal alveolar concentration of each drug, they had comparable degrees of myocardial depressant effects. This measurement technique was used in 7 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting conducted under narcotic anesthesia showing that halothane induced a similar depression of contractility. The use of ID20 should allow reclassification of anesthetic agents according to their myocardial depressant effects. PMID- 6606974 TI - Dietary studies of children from a biracial population: intakes of fat and fatty acids in 10- and 13-year olds. AB - Dietary intakes of fat and fatty acids were examined in children randomly selected from a biracial community, Bogalusa, LA. Between two 10-yr-old groups examined 3 yr apart, temporal trends of 1) higher intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic and linolenic acids, and 2) lower intakes of animal fat, saturated fatty acids, and palmitic acid were documented. No racial differences were found, and the only difference between sexes was for myristic acid (boys greater than girls). Longitudinal comparisons of a cohort of 148 children examined at both 10 and 13 yr showed higher intakes over time of unsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vegetable fat, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids, and lower intakes of cholesterol, saturated fatty acids, animal fat, and myristic acid. The percentage of energy intake from fat, saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids was quite similar to other reports of US children and adults. Few children's intakes of cholesterol, fat, and fatty acids were compatible with current recommendations for prudent diets. Patterns of dietary fat and fatty acid intake of Bogalusa children reflect reported food market trends of increased use of vegetable fats. PMID- 6606975 TI - Some difficulties inherent in the interpretation of dietary data from free-living populations. AB - Isocaloric adjustments of diet in metabolic experiments tend to induce negative correlations. In free-living populations, on the other hand, the absolute amounts of major nutrients consumed are positively correlated with total calorie intake and with each other. In general, these positive correlations are fairly strong. Relative amounts of nutrients consumed tend to be weakly and negatively correlated with total calories and each other. Because of these intercorrelations conclusions drawn from cross-sectional population data are ambiguous, at best, and misleading, at worst. Beyond that, the correlation between the intakes of specific nutrients with total calorie intake introduces the possibility that dietary variables may to some degree be surrogates of some nondietary variables; in particular, of physical activity. Unless the questions being asked in population studies are precisely formulated, with a careful consideration of the biological issues and the statistical limitations, biased conclusions are likely to result. PMID- 6606976 TI - Influence of naloxone on the analgesic effects of small-sized fibres. PMID- 6606977 TI - Benign lymphocytic angiitis and granulomatosis: a case report with evidence of an autoimmune etiology. AB - Benign lymphocytic angiitis and granulomatosis (BLAG) is characterized by dense benign-appearing infiltrates of mature lymphocytes, plasma cells, and histiocytes within the pulmonary parenchyma and vasculature. The disorder typically is restricted to the lungs and has a good prognosis. The authors report a patient with BLAG and involvement of lung, kidney, and prostate. This is the first report of prominent systemic distribution in this disease. Another unique feature of this case was the presence of serum antinuclear antibodies and evidence of immune complex deposition in both lung and kidney, suggesting an underlying autoimmune disorder. An association of this entity with lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LG) has been suggested, and the prominent genitourinary disease in this patient may be indicative of a transitional stage leading to LG. An autoimmune state may be the underlying stimulus for the development of BLAG and LG. PMID- 6606978 TI - Clinical significance of serotype, biotype, and beta-lactamase production of respiratory isolates of Hemophilus influenzae. AB - The correlation between clinical significance and serotype, biotype, and beta lactamase production of 101 respiratory isolates of Hemophilus influenza from nonbacteremic patients was determined. Six of 33 (18.2%) isolates from patients with definite or probable infection were serotypable; only two of 67 (3%) isolates from colonized patients were serotypable. Eight-seven and one-half per cent of the serotypable strains were biotypes I or IV; 78.8% of nonserotypable strains were biotypes II, III, or V. Biotype distribution among isolates from patients with definite or probable infection were similar to isolates from colonized patients. beta-lactamase production was not helpful in evaluating clinical significance. Nonserotypable H. influenzae is an important cause of nonbacteremic pneumonia in elderly men. PMID- 6606979 TI - Open lung biopsy in immunocompromised children with pulmonary infiltrates. AB - We assessed the diagnostic value of 46 open lung biopsies performed on 44 immunocompromised children with acute pulmonary infiltrates. We assessed also how frequently the results of these biopsies resulted in a change of therapy. A histological diagnosis was established for all of our patients. At least one infectious agent was found in 72% of the specimens. Nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis was observed in 24%, and two biopsy specimens demonstrated relapsed malignancy. In this series, the empirically chosen preoperative therapy was altered on 30 (65%) of 46 occasions. Specific therapy, not provided before surgery, was initiated in 26% of our patients, and broad-spectrum preoperative therapy was discontinued in 43%. Open lung biopsy is a valuable diagnostic procedure in the immunocompromised host with pulmonary infiltrates. PMID- 6606980 TI - Cohort analysis of malignant melanoma in five countries. AB - Vital statistics data on mortality from malignant melanoma from five countries are simultaneously fit by the method of cohort analysis. After the effects of geographic and temporal trends are removed, the proportion of deaths occurring in the younger age groups is found to be higher in females than in males. Relative increases in mortality rates by birth cohort are approximately equal in different regions and appear to be slowing down in recent years. PMID- 6606981 TI - Tritan pedigree without optic-nerve atrophy. AB - Results of several previous reports have questioned the occurrence of the tritan color deficiency independently of dominantly inherited optic atrophy. This report describes the results of testing 34 members of a pedigree (including four tritans) for whom optic atrophy can be ruled out according to criteria previously described by Krill et al. PMID- 6606982 TI - A microassay for colony-stimulating factor based on thymidine incorporation. AB - A variety of growth factors and lectins were tested; only colony-stimulating factors CSF-1, Interleukin 3, and a T-lymphocyte GM CSF induced colony formation in semisolid medium and stimulated thymidine incorporation in liquid culture. All other growth factors and lectins were inactive in both assays. Factor-stimulated thymidine incorporation was detectable 24 hours after stimulation and reached maximal levels 4-6 days after stimulation. A convenient microassay for measuring CSF activity has been developed, enabling a large number of samples to be screened qualitatively in 2 days and permitting CSF activity to be measured quantitatively in 4-5 days. This microassay can supplement the clonal-cell assay method and be especially useful as an initial screening assay for CSF activity. PMID- 6606983 TI - Mode of inhibition of active chloride transport in the frog cornea by furosemide. AB - The mechanism of inhibition of active Cl- secretion by 1 mM furosemide and 0.1 mM bumetanide was characterized in the isolated frog corneal epithelium. Transepithelial and transmembrane cell electrical parameters as well as transmembrane Cl- electrochemical potential difference were measured with conventional glass microelectrodes and Cl- selective microelectrodes. Furosemide caused the potential difference across the apical membrane to hyperpolarize by 20 mV while the transepithelial potential difference declined by 13 mV. The apical to-basolateral membrane resistance ratio increased 3-4 times after furosemide or bumetanide addition. Preincubation with furosemide prevented a 30-mV depolarization of the apical membrane potential difference normally observed when Cl- was removed from the tear side bathing solution. In control conditions, intracellular Cl- activity was above equilibrium. Bumetanide further increased the Cl- electrochemical gradient between the cell compartment and the bathing solutions even though intracellular Cl- activity fell from 18 to 12 mM. In contrast, perfusion with Cl- -free Ringer in the stromal side bathing solution decreased the Cl- electrochemical gradient across the apical membrane to zero, indicating an equilibrium distribution. Adenosine, which selectively increases Cl permeability of the apical membrane, also decreased the Cl- electrochemical gradient across the apical membrane. These results suggest that the diuretics inhibit active Cl- transport primarily by decreasing the Cl- permeability of the apical membrane. PMID- 6606984 TI - Bioenergetics of Na+ transport across frog skin: chemical and electrical measurements. AB - Enzymatically prepared split frog skins consisted purely of epithelial cells. Electrical parameters and the cell contents of ATP, ADP, phosphocreatine (PCr), creatine, inorganic phosphate, protein, and water were measured in skins maintained at room temperature. Studies were conducted under base-line conditions, 15 and 60 min after adding vasopressin, and 30 min after adding amiloride. Intracellular ionic activities and concentrations were obtained from previous results. The data demonstrated that 1) the base-line concentration ratio of PCr/ATP was 0.53 +/- 0.03; 2) the average molar free energy of hydrolysis of intracellular ATP was approximately 15.0 kcal X mol-1 under control conditions, changing by less than or equal to 3% with changes in transport; and 3) the free energy of extruding 3 mol of Na+ and accumulating 2 mol of K+ was approximately 9.8 kcal X mol-1 under base-line conditions; the difference between the molar free energies of ATP hydrolysis and of transport work remained large, despite large changes in transepithelial transport. The simplest conclusion is that the Na+ pump of frog skin operates far from equilibrium. PMID- 6606985 TI - Localization of tissue potassium pools in the amphibian kidney. AB - Techniques were developed to determine the location of exchangeable K pools that had been identified previously in kinetic studies of the intact perfused bullfrog kidney. Following perfusion of the kidneys with 42K, a washout of the isotope was begun and interrupted at various times; the kidneys were removed, frozen, dried at low pressure and temperature, and then microdissected. Glomerular capillary tufts, small segments of tissue containing early distal tubules (diluting segment), and other segments containing proximal tubular convolutions were removed and analyzed for total content of K and 42K. In the intact kidney 77% of tissue K exchanged in 60 min. The exchangeable K concentration was 95 mu eq/ml cell water. Correction for the K activity coefficient in Ringer solution yielded an activity of 72 mu eq/ml. Thirty-two percent of glomerular capillary K exchanged in 60 min; 7% exchanged with a half time of 3.5 min; and the remainder exchanged at a rate too slow to measure. The data from tissue containing proximal tubular segments were too scattered to permit analysis. In segments containing early distal tubules, 67% of tissue K was contained in two exchangeable pools: one pool exchanged at a rate 10-fold greater than did the other. The data for these two distal pools were analyzed in terms of a parallel model (two cell types?) and a nested model (cytoplasm and subcellular organelles?). Pool size and exchange rates were calculated for both models. Electron microscopic analysis revealed that early distal tubular segments contain only one cell type which has a large population of mitochondria. This suggests that the nested model is more plausible. The fast distal pool exchanged at the same rate as the fast-exchanging pool identified in kinetic studies of the intact functioning kidney and is considered to be the K secretory pool. PMID- 6606986 TI - P-face particle density of freeze-fractured vertebrate cardiac plasma membrane. AB - P-face particle density of freeze-fractured cardiac plasmalemma provides an estimate of the total population of membrane channels, carriers, and receptors that insert into or traverse unit area of lipid bilayer. We have determined the size of this population of integral membrane protein assemblies by counting the number of P-face particles per square micron of plasmalemma in freeze-fractured hearts, using stereoimaged replicas tilted with a goniometer stage in the electron microscope. Particle numbers per square micron were 4,525 +/- 231, 4,799 +/- 235, 4,122 +/- 153, 4,281 +/- 218, and 5,848 +/- 300 for ventricular myocyte plasmalemmas of rat, rabbit, 8-day chick, adult chicken, and frog, respectively. These values are at least two times greater than published values, in which stereo imaging was not used. Published ligand-binding studies indicate that only the surface density of the Na+-K+ pump sites can account for a significant fraction of P-face particles; the rest so far lack functional correlates. Particle density of frog heart plasmalemma significantly exceeded particle densities of chicken and mammalian plasma membranes. PMID- 6606987 TI - Mononuclear cell subpopulations during normal pregnancy: I. Analysis of cell surface markers using conventional techniques and monoclonal antibodies. AB - Previous reports indicate depression of cellular immunity during pregnancy. In order to get a deeper insight into the immunoregulatory subsets of mononuclear cells in pregnant women, we analyzed the percentages of T and B lymphocytes, T cell subsets and cells expressing IgG-Fc and C3 receptors, and M1- and Ia-like antigens in venous blood samples from healthy women and pregnant women at different gestational ages and after delivery. Even if a trend toward a progressive decrease of T lymphocytes and T4+ helper subset was observed throughout pregnancy, along with a slight increase in the percentages of cells bearing C3 receptors, M1, and Ia-like antigens in the second trimester of gestation, analysis of variance of our data did not demonstrate statistical significance in the observed changes. Therefore we conclude that the pregnancy induced suppression of maternal responsiveness towards alloantigens and/or mitogens is not reflected by significant changes in the distribution of circulating mononuclear cells and immunoregulatory T-lymphocyte subsets as defined by the currently available surface marker techniques. PMID- 6606988 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in the blood of women with inflammatory and neoplastic lesions of the ovary. AB - Blood samples from 181 women with inflammatory conditions and with benign or malignant neoplasms of the ovary and from 36 healthy women (control group) were examined by determining the following indicators of cell-mediated immunity: leukocyte count, lymphocyte count, absolute number of lymphocytes, percentage of rosette-forming T lymphocytes, absolute number of T lymphocytes, and phagocytic activity of granulocytes. In women with ovary inflammation, there was a very high phagocytic activity of granulocytes. It correlated with an increased leukocyte count. The activity and number of T lymphocytes were very low in this group. In this group was also the lowest percentage of lymphocytes. In the group with malignancies of the ovary, there were the same very low activity and number of T lymphocytes. The values of T lymphocytes in inflammations and malignancies were almost equal and did not differ significantly from one another. The phagocytic activity of granulocytes was the lowest in women with malignancies of the ovary. In blood of women with benign neoplasms of the ovary, the activity and number of T lymphocytes and the activity of granulocytes were significantly higher than in the malignancies group. PMID- 6606989 TI - Malignant lymphoma of plasmacytoid T-cells. Morphologic and immunologic studies characterizing a special type of T-cell. AB - In 1958, a medium-sized cell was recognized in human lymph nodes and found to occur in clusters in about one out of every 10 cases of reactive hyperplasia. At first, it was interpreted as a lymphoblast. Later, electron-microscopic investigations revealed that the cell contained abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and was apparently restricted to T-regions of lymph nodes. Recently, it was possible to analyze a malignant lymphoma uniformly composed of such cells with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. The cells proved to be Leu-1+, OKT4+, Leu 3a+, HLA-DR+, and weakly reactive with VIL-A1 (antibody to common ALL antigen) and clone F8-11-13, but negative for OKT3, OKT11, OKT8, cytoplasmic immunoglobulin, common B-cell antigen, and C3b receptors. Short-term, in vitro cultures of lymphoma cells showed weak responses to phytohemagglutinin and Interleukin 2 (IL2), but no IL2 production. Lymphoma cells had a low spontaneous proliferation rate (about 2% Ki-67+ cells). In view of these findings, the term "plasma-cytoid T-cell" is proposed. A functional relationship between these cells and the myeloid system was suggested because the patient developed a myelomonocytic leukemia 3 months after the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma was made. PMID- 6606990 TI - Outcome in cirrhotic patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis after emergency portacaval shunt for bleeding esophageal varices. AB - Operative liver biopsy findings were reviewed in 164 consecutive, unselected patients with alcoholic cirrhosis who had bleeding from esophageal varices and underwent emergency portacaval shunt. The survival rate up to 10 years in 49 patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis was not significantly different from that of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis alone. The two groups of patients were compared with respect to 35 other preoperative clinical and laboratory variables, and no other difference between the groups was found that obscured an adverse effect of acute alcoholic hepatitis on survival. We have concluded that acute alcoholic hepatitis and the presence of Mallory bodies in the liver are not a contraindication to portacaval shunt and that there is currently no demonstrated role for preoperative liver biopsy in the evaluation of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and bleeding esophageal varices. PMID- 6606991 TI - Esophageal function after injection sclerotherapy: pathogenesis of esophageal stricture. AB - Injection sclerotherapy effectively controls hemorrhage from esophageal varices. Treatment must be repeated at intervals to obliterate varices. Long-term sequelae of such treatment are unknown but may include stricture formation. To assess the impact of repeated sclerotherapy on esophageal function, this prospective study measured lower esophageal sphincter pressure, reflux, and motility in patients before and after treatment. Injection sclerotherapy had no effect on lower esophageal sphincter pressure. Reflux was common before treatment and became even more prevalent after treatment, with reflux occurring in 60 percent of postsclerotherapy patients. Striking disturbances in esophageal motility were observed after treatment. Injection sclerotherapy induces a chemical esophagitis that impairs esophageal motility. Delayed acid clearance in the presence of reflux results in superimposed acid esophagitis. Esophageal strictures may thus be produced. We advise a standard antireflux medical regimen in our sclerotherapy patients. PMID- 6606992 TI - Selective operative approach for variceal hemorrhage. AB - Since 1978, the operation chosen for patients with variceal hemorrhage has been based on preoperative hemodynamic and clinical factors. One hundred sixteen consecutive patients were managed with the following operations: distal splenorenal shunt (75 patients), nonselective shunts (33 patients), and nonshunting operation (8 patients). Emergency surgery was required in 19 percent of patients. The selection criteria used resulted in the majority of high risk patients receiving nonselective shunts. This selective operative approach resulted in an overall operative mortality of 12 percent, a median survival of 3 years, and postoperative encephalopathy, ascites, and recurrent variceal hemorrhage in 20, 23, and 11 percent of patients, respectively. Operative mortality for the total group was closely related to Child's class. Whereas encephalopathy was most frequent after nonselective shunts, ascites was more common after the distal splenorenal shunt. Recurrent hemorrhage rarely occurred after a shunting procedure, but was a frequent complication of nonshunting operations. Neither the type of procedure selected nor the cause of liver disease influenced long-term survival. PMID- 6606993 TI - Adult epiglottitis. AB - Seventy-five patient-episodes of adult epiglottitis were analyzed retrospectively. Six tracheotomies were performed, and no deaths occurred. In a large subset of patients, viral pathogenesis was suggested by benign clinical courses that included normal or mildly elevated temperatures and minimally elevated leukocyte counts with relative lymphocytosis. Hospitalization may not be indicated for adults with epiglottitis of viral etiology as it is for patients with signs of bacterial infections. PMID- 6606994 TI - [Changes in Trichomonas vaginalis sensitivity to metronidazole]. PMID- 6606995 TI - Is anaesthesia for trigeminal thermocoagulation ever necessary? PMID- 6606996 TI - Reticulospinal and vestibulospinal pathways in the snake Python regius. AB - In the present HRP study extensive reticulospinal projections and more modestly developed vestibulospinal pathways have been demonstrated in the snake Python regius. The funicular trajectories of the main reticulospinal pathways have been shown: via the lateral funiculus pass spinal projections of the nucleus reticularis superior pars lateralis, the nucleus reticularis inferior and nucleus raphes inferior; via the ventral funiculus fibers arising in the nucleus reticularis superior and nucleus reticularis medius. Spinal projections of the locus coeruleus and subcoeruleus area reach their targets via both the lateral and ventral funiculi. Two vestibulospinal pathways have been demonstrated: an ipsilateral tractus vestibulospinalis lateralis arising in the ventrolateral vestibular nucleus, and a contralateral tractus vestibulospinalis medialis from the descending and ventromedial vestibular nuclei. After HRP gel implants into the vestibular nuclear complex direct vestibulocollic projections to motoneurons in the rostral spinal cord were observed. Spinal projections from the ventral part of the nucleus reticularis inferior and the descending and ventromedial vestibular nuclei are mainly aimed at the thin "neck area" (approximately the first 50 spinal segments). This area is extensively used in such acts as orientation and prey-catching, requiring a rather delicate brain stem control. PMID- 6606997 TI - Narcotic requirements for intravenous anesthesia. AB - MAC BAR, the minimum end-tidal alveolar anesthetic concentration that inhibits adrenergic response to a noxious stimulus in 50% of subjects, is a quantifiable physiological parameter that can be used to determine potency and therapeutic indices of volatile anesthetics. We wished to determine whether there is a minimal intraarterial plasma concentration (MIC BAR) of an opiate such as fentanyl that will prevent a hypertensive response to noxious stimuli in 50% of patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery (ACBP). Forty-three patients with good left ventricular function were studied. All patients were premedicated with diazepam, morphine, and scopolamine. Five groups of patients were anesthetized with different fentanyl anesthesia protocols, each designed to produce different plasma fentanyl concentrations (PFC). A 20% increase in systolic blood pressure compared to control was considered an adrenergic response that related to the plasma fentanyl concentration inferred from each patient's PFC time-concentration curve. Only four patients became hypertensive with a PFC greater than 20 ng/ml. One patient became hypertensive at intubation with a PFC of 12.3 ng/ml. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean PFC in patients who became hypertensive at each event. During aortic dissection, when significantly more patients became hypertensive, there was no difference in the incidence of hypertension in patients with a PFC above or below 20 ng/ml. Two patients became hypertensive at skin incision with a PFC over 30 ng/ml. A MIC BAR could not be identified because of the great variability in the PFC of patients who became hypertensive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6606998 TI - Magnesium enhances local anesthetic nerve block of frog sciatic nerve. AB - The present study was designed to examine the effects of increased magnesium concentration on the nerve block produced by lidocaine, benzocaine, and QX 572 (a quaternary derivative of lidocaine). Desheathed whole sciatic nerves from northern Rana pipiens frogs were placed in a sucrose gap chamber and stimulated at various frequencies at supramaximal intensity for the activation of the compound action potential. After control studies, the nerve was bathed by a calcium-free frog Ringer's solution containing magnesium concentrations of 3.0, 10.0, or 20.0 mM with or without 0.5 mM lidocaine, 0.5 mM benzocaine, or 0.75 mM QX 572. Compound action potentials were measured, and nonfrequency and frequency dependent blocks were compared in each solution. Increased magnesium ion concentration, in the absence of local anesthetics, enhanced the nonfrequency dependent block but did not change the frequency dependent block. All three local anesthetics enhanced both types of block. Increased magnesium concentrations enhanced only the nonfrequency dependent benzocaine block. In contrast, increased magnesium enhanced both types of block produced by QX 572 and lidocaine. These results suggest a potentially important interaction between high magnesium concentrations and local anesthetic nerve blocks. PMID- 6606999 TI - Transient ischemic attacks with external carotid artery stenosis and a normal internal carotid artery. AB - Transient ischemic attacks have been attributed to emboli from the external carotid artery in patients with complete occlusion of the internal carotid artery. We report a patient with an external carotid stenosis and normal internal carotid who developed ipsilateral transient ischemic attacks. Real time B-mode ultrasonography demonstrated that the plaque obstructing the external carotid artery extended into the carotid sinus. This may have served as a source of emboli into the internal carotid circulation. PMID- 6607000 TI - [Preoperative measurement of blood volume in patients before undergoing an aortocoronary bypass]. AB - Preoperative measurement of blood volume was performed in 35 patients undergoing coronary arterial bypass grafts. The patients were divided in two groups according to the preoperative blood volume measurement : normal (group I) and decreased (group II) blood volume. Cardiac filling pressures were measured with a Swan-Ganz catheter prior to induction of anaesthesia in all patients. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was significantly decreased in patients with diminished blood volume. Clinical data was compared between the two groups. No differences were found regarding preoperative cardiovascular drugs and severity of coronary arterial disease. The only differences between the two groups were : 1) the length of preoperative hospitalization was significantly longer for hypovolaemic patients (21 +/- 10 days) than for normovolaemic patients (3 +/- 6 days); 2) more group II patients (13 of 15) received a salt-restricted diet than group I patients (2 of 20). Diet induced hypovolaemia may increase the rate of large haemodynamic variations produced by induction of anaesthesia in patients with coronary arterial disease. Seeing the frequency of preoperative hypovolaemia in patients undergoing coronary arterial surgery, we recommend the preoperative measurement of blood volume in these patients and preanaesthetic fluid replacement when hypovolaemia is present. PMID- 6607001 TI - System for enumerating and separating bovine lymphocytes, using coordinated En and Ea markers: evaluation of lymph node lymphocytes. AB - A procedure was developed for enumeration and separation of bovine lymph node T lymphocyte subpopulations. An evaluation was made of T-lymphocyte rosetting with sheep erythrocytes treated with aminoethylisothiouronium bromide and neuraminidase (Ea and En) in RPMI and L-15 media. The effect of holding the lymphocytes in culture over a period of 7 days on the En and Ea markers was established. The optimal period of incubation at 0 C for isolation of the rosetting populations with respect to initial rosette formation, enrichment of the rosetting population in the recovered cells, viability after incubation, and recovery of the cells after the separation was determined. An estimate of the overlap of the Ea and En populations also was made from the separation data. We found that approximately 32% of the lymph node lymphocytes marked with En and Ea rosettes, 11% with only En, and 27% with only Ea. PMID- 6607002 TI - The distal splenorenal shunt in alcoholic patients. A training program's experience. AB - Eighteen alcoholic patients who had bled from esophageal varices underwent elective distal splenorenal shunt. None died in surgery, and morbidity was minimal. Two-year survival for the group was 84 per cent. All five patients who have abstained from alcohol remain alive. PMID- 6607003 TI - Acute reaction to protamine. Its importance to surgeons. AB - Three open heart surgery patients developed noncardiogenic pulmonary edema after administration of protamine following cardiopulmonary bypass. A catastrophic series of events are characteristic of this reaction: 1) sudden onset; 2) severe bronchoconstriction with early extreme difficulty in ventilation; 3) hyperinflation of the lungs; 4) pulmonary hypertension with normal pulmonary wedge or left atrial pressures; 5) progression to fulminant noncardiogenic pulmonary edema; 6) significant mortality; and 7) ventilatory perfusion abnormalities in survivors. Review of the literature reveals three types of reactions to protamine injection of varying severity: 1) brief hypotension; 2) anaphylactoid generalized reaction; and 3) high protein noncardiogenic pulmonary edema with cardiopulmonary collapse. The severity of the reaction had no relation to the dose of protamine. Previous protamine exposure was documented in 14 of 35 cases. Awareness of this reaction is essential for prompt treatment if fulminant pulmonary edema occurs. Administration of epinephrine, steroids, vasopressors, and potassium replacement may be required. Needless use of protamine sulfate should be discouraged. PMID- 6607004 TI - [Therapeutic aspects of pulmonary infections in especially susceptible patients]. PMID- 6607005 TI - The vitamin D endocrine system and the hematolymphopoietic tissue. PMID- 6607006 TI - Haemophilus influenzae pneumonitis. PMID- 6607007 TI - Development of B-cell lymphoma in homosexual men. Clinical and immunologic findings. AB - Serious infections, neoplasms, and immunologic abnormalities have been found in homosexual men. We describe the development of malignant lymphoma in six such patients, three of whom had persistent, generalized lymphadenopathy. In biopsies done before the lymphoma developed, the lymphadenopathy was characterized morphologically by a distinctive pattern of B-cell follicular hyperplasia. All lymphomas were of B-lymphocytic origin, including B-cell immunoblastic sarcoma; small noncleaved, Burkitt-like lymphoma; and plasmacytoid lymphocytic lymphoma. Extranodal presentation with B symptoms occurred in five patients. Median age of our patients was 33 years. Three patients had histories of repeated systemic infections. The peripheral blood lymphocyte count was depressed in four, with depression of OKT 4+ (helper phenotype) cell levels and reversal of the T-helper: T-suppressor ratio in all. We conclude that these patients are at risk for the development of abnormalities of the B-lymphocytic system, manifested by abnormal hyper-B-cell response in enlarged reactive lymph nodes and aggressive, extranodal B-cell lymphomas. PMID- 6607009 TI - The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and a trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole adverse reaction. PMID- 6607008 TI - Clinical staging for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. AB - The Mycosis Fungoides Cooperative Group has been following patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, including mycosis fungoides and the Sezary syndrome variant. Previous analyses identified the extent of skin involvement and the number of sites of clinically enlarged lymph nodes as important prognostic variables. These two variables were used to classify 340 patients into four clinical stages. Repeat analysis based on additional followup data shows the usefulness of this clinical staging system for identifying patients with differing survival experience. An alternative grouping suggested by fitting a survival model to the data also has been studied. Staging systems based only on skin involvement and lymph nodes are recommended for general use because the information needed is readily available, requiring only physical examination. PMID- 6607010 TI - Central B-cell lymphoma. PMID- 6607011 TI - Normal flora and respiratory tract pathogens. PMID- 6607012 TI - Serratia rubidae endophthalmitis following penetrating ocular injury. AB - A 10-year-old boy incurred penetrating trauma to his left eye by a small piece of wood. Immediate lens aspiration and repair of his corneal laceration were performed. The patient, however, demonstrated "persistent severe uveitis." On the fourth day following his injury, an uncomplicated pars plana vitrectomy was performed in combination with intracameral injection of gentamicin, cefazolin, and dexamethasone. Cultures of the vitrectomy specimen demonstrated Serratia rubidae. Postvitrectomy treatment with parenteral gentamicin, cefazolin, prednisone, and oral trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole resulted in a complete cure of the endophthalmitis and retention of good visual function. This patient represents the first reported case of Serratia rubidae endophthalmitis. PMID- 6607013 TI - Pattern of macular diseases in Nigerians: a preliminary report. AB - This study indicates the need for a population survey to determine the prevalence of macular diseases in an African population. An attempt should then be made to prevent those that can be prevented especially since there is a progressively increasing literacy rate in our population. PMID- 6607014 TI - A severe endophthalmitis after Lincoff-Custodis procedure. AB - A case of serious endophthalmitis two years after a Lincoff-Custodis procedure is presented. Even after the removal of the silastic sponge a phthisis bulbi appeared with loss of vision. Such a catastrophic complication is possible even after a period as long as two years if the appropriate therapeutic measures are not taken. PMID- 6607015 TI - Role of autoimmunity in retinitis pigmentosa. AB - Twenty-five cases of retinitis pigmentosa were investigated to assess the cell mediated immunity and for evidence of autoimmunity by measuring peripheral blood T-cell rosette count, cutaneous DTH response to recall antigens (Candida and purified protein derivative [PPD]), and 2:4 dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) and antiretinal antibody by tanned red cell hemagglutination technique. It was observed that cell-mediated immunity was significantly depressed, and antiretinal antibody was found in 60% of the cases, which correlated with the duration and severity of the disease. We conclude that although retinitis pigmentosa is genetically determined, patients develop autoimmunity against retinal tissue due to suppression of cell-mediated immunity. Association of rheumatoid factor in 8% of the cases further confirms the loss of homeostatic control owing to suppressed cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 6607016 TI - Post-traumatic fungal endophthalmitis caused by Exophiala jeanselmei. AB - Fungal endophthalmitis caused by dematiacious fungi is an uncommon occurrence. We report a case of fungal endophthalmitis caused by Exophiala jeanselmei following penetrating injury. This is a previously unreported etiologic agent in endophthalmitis. The infection was treated with intravitreal and intravenous amphotericin B in combination with oral 5-fluorocytosine. Although the organism was eradicated, vision was lost due to total retinal detachment. PMID- 6607017 TI - [Immunologic appraisal of aged women]. PMID- 6607018 TI - Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in patients with cerebellopontine angle tumors. AB - Changes in the brainstem auditory evoked potentials of 27 patients with cerebellopontine angle tumors were analyzed. It was found that the most characteristic change was an increase in the latency of wave III on the affected side. In patients with tumors large enough to cause displacement of the brainstem, there was in addition an increase in the latency of wave III on the unaffected side. These results are consistent with recent observations regarding the neural generators of the brain stem auditory evoked potentials in humans. PMID- 6607019 TI - [Erythema annulare centrifugum and antinuclear antibodies]. PMID- 6607020 TI - [New dermatologic aspects of T lymphoma. 3 cases]. PMID- 6607021 TI - [The role of endogenous cortisol in the production of CSA (colony stimulating activity)]. PMID- 6607022 TI - Balloon tamponade in the management of bleeding oesophageal varices. AB - Sixty-three patients with acute variceal haemorrhage were treated with the Sengstaken-Blakemore tube (SBT). Bleeding was initially controlled with the gastric balloon in 37 patients (60%) and with both gastric and oesophageal balloons in another 17 (27%), giving overall primary success in 54 patients (87%). Sixteen (26%) patients re-bled within 24 hours of deflation of the tube. Repeat balloon tamponade helped in controlling bleeding in 9 of these. Thus, a total of 47 (75%) patients stopped bleeding with SBT. There was no mortality. The only major complication was pulmonary infection (15%), which improved with antibiotics. Use of the SBT was found to be simple, quick, low cost and attended with few complications. Its use is recommended in patients with acute variceal bleeding, especially in developing countries with limited resources. PMID- 6607023 TI - Surgical treatment of unstable angina pectoris. AB - During the years 1977-1980, 47 patients with unstable angina pectoris underwent coronary artery bypass grafting within on an average 16 days after onset of angina. A total of 90 grafts were inserted (1.9 grafts per patient). There were no early deaths in patients operated on for unstable angina. Two late deaths (4.2%) occurred during a follow-up period varying between 14 and 62 months, mean 38 months. Two patients (2.1%) sustained perioperative infarction and two patients (4.2%), late myocardial infarction. All patients were symptomatically improved following operation and 32 (72.7%) are entirely asymptomatic. The authors conclude that patients with unstable angina pectoris can safely undergo early arteriography and semielective operation with results comparable to that for operation in patients with stable angina pectoris. PMID- 6607024 TI - Subclass restriction of the antiidiotypic antibody response in the rat. AB - Antiidiotypic antibodies were induced in LOU/M rats by immunization with two myeloma proteins of LOU origin: IR-162 (IgE) and IR-418 (IgG2a). Antibodies to IR 162 were easily obtained after a limited number of immunizations with protein in soluble form; polymerization with glutaraldehyde did not enhance immunogenicity. Antibodies to IR-418 appeared only after a large number of immunizations with protein in polymerized form or with protein copolymerized with rabbit IgG. All of the antibodies, either to IR-162 or to IR-418, were found to be idiotype specific. In every case for which significant levels of antiidiotypic antibodies were produced, most or all of the antibodies belonged to rat IgG1 subclass. Since, in mice, antiidiotypic antibodies are restricted to the IgG1 subclass, our results indicate a functional analogy between rat and mouse IgG1. Our studies also suggest that the rat IgG1 subclass may be predominantly expressed in T-cell dependent antibody responses, such as production of antiidiotypic antibodies. PMID- 6607026 TI - Genetic heterogeneity of alpha-1-antitrypsin in the Galician population. AB - Alpha-1-antitrypsin phenotypes were determined in a sample of 496 individuals from Galicia (Northwest Spain) using isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel slabs. Although PMi is the most frequently occurring allele the Galicians are having one of the highest PSi frequencies so far recorded. An allelocline for the distribution of the PSi allele within Europe is discussed. Statistical comparisons with other populations are also made. PMID- 6607025 TI - Cyclosporin-binding sites of murine sensitive and resistant lymphoid cell lines. AB - Cyclosporin (Cs)-binding sites on murine spleen lymphocytes and on Cs-sensitive (CsS) and Cs-resistant (CsR) cloned lymphoma lines were compared using a ditritiated derivative of cyclosporin C (d3H-CsC). All three types of lymphocytes displayed similar d3H-CsC-binding characteristics. There were no major differences in the d3H-CsC-binding sites in terms of their cell surface density (number per surface area), their affinity and their specificity (capacity to discriminate between different Cs forms). The presence of the presumably membranous Cs-binding site is therefore insufficient to confer susceptibility to Cs, and resistance can thus be obtained at a post-receptor level. With the CsS clone, there was a general correlation between the Cs-specific binding capacity and the Cs-specific biological activity inasmuch as Cs which were weakly or not at all cytostatic bound only very poorly to the d3H-CsC-binding site. Such a correlation could not be established in the case of a mixed spleen cell population; which implies that, in such a system, Cs processing might play a role in its activity. Binding to the receptor may be an early but only a permissive step in the mechanism of action of Cs. PMID- 6607027 TI - Trimethoprim and rifampin in combination for chemoprophylaxis of household contacts of patients with invasive infections due to Haemophilus influenzae type b. AB - We compared the effectiveness of rifampin-trimethoprim in fixed combination (3.75:1) to rifampin alone in the eradication of Haemophilus influenzae type b carriage among contacts of patients with invasive infection caused by this organism. The study population was composed of 127 index patients and 620 contacts. Twenty-six percent of contacts were colonized. Rifampin-trimethoprim eradicated carriage in 77.6% of contacts (71.1% in contacts less than 5 years, 84.2% in contacts greater than or equal to 5 years) whereas rifampin eradicated carriage in 69.9% of contacts (56.4% in contacts less than 5 years, 81.8% in contacts greater than or equal to 5 years). A single isolate resistant to rifampin and rifampin-trimethoprim was encountered. The eradication rate achieved with this regimen of rifampin-trimethoprim was too low to recommend its routine use. However, a higher dose or longer course might merit clinical trial. PMID- 6607028 TI - Metabolism and metronidazole uptake in Trichomonas vaginalis isolates with different metronidazole susceptibilities. AB - Three Trichomonas vaginalis isolates with low in vivo susceptibilities to metronidazole (95% curative dose, greater than 3 X 100 mg kg-1 in subcutaneous infections in mice) were compared with strain ATCC 30001 and with four isolates exhibiting high in vivo susceptibilities (95% curative dose, less than 3 X 15 mg kg-1). Activity of pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, anaerobic fermentation, and anaerobic intracellular accumulation of [14C]metronidazole label showed no significant isolate-dependent differences which could be correlated with drug susceptibility. The results suggest that processes providing electrons for metronidazole activation are not defective in the resistant strains. Aerobiosis, known to inhibit the antimicrobial action of metronidazole, inhibited accumulation of label more strongly in resistant isolates than in susceptible ones. No differences were detected, however, between resistant and susceptible isolates in respiration, aerobic fermentation, and the specific activity of NADH and NADPH oxidases, the main terminal oxidases of T. vaginalis. These findings suggest that the production of electrons is not diminished under aerobic conditions. The inhibitory effect of aerobic conditions on metronidazole activation, possibly due to competition for the electrons, is markedly enhanced in the resistant isolates compared to the susceptible ones. The mechanism of this effect, however, remains unknown. PMID- 6607029 TI - Biological profile and response to anti-pneumocystis agents of Pneumocystis carinii in cell culture. AB - Although the growth characteristics of Pneumocystis carinii have been described in several cell culture systems, the response of this organism to the drugs of choice, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and pentamidine isethionate, have not been described in vitro. The effect of various concentrations of drugs against P. carinii on the growth of this potentially hazardous opportunistic organism as well as the methodology for in vitro assay of these agents have been detailed. Fluorescence profiles illustrating size ranges of trophozoites and cysts derived from cell culture are described. PMID- 6607030 TI - Multiply resistant viridans streptococci: susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics and comparison of penicillin-binding protein patterns. AB - A unique group of viridans streptococci has been found in South Africa. These organisms were isolated in close temporal and physical proximity to the isolation of penicillin-resistant pneumococci. The strains were resistant to penicillin, oxacillin, the cephalosporins (all generations), piperacillin, azlocillin, and mezlocillin but were susceptible to vancomycin. Penicillin-binding proteins of two penicillin-resistant South African strains of Streptococcus mitis differed markedly from those of two penicillin-susceptible strains but were identical to those seen in a penicillin-resistant strain isolated in Boston. Although both susceptible strains were identified as S. mitis with identical biochemical profiles, their penicillin-binding protein patterns differed from each other. This finding may have significance with regard to the need for additional taxonomic classification of the viridans streptococci. PMID- 6607032 TI - Comparison of in vitro activity of FCE 22101, a new penem, with those of other beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - The in vitro activity of FCE 22101, a new semisynthetic penem derivative, was compared with that of ceftriaxone, moxalactam, imipenem (formerly imipemide, N formimidoyl thienamycin, or MK 0787), cefuroxime, ceftazidime, and other beta lactams, when appropriate, against 472 recent isolates and known beta-lactam resistant strains. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of FCE 22101 against 90% of the members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Lancefield group D streptococci, and Bacteroides spp. were between 0.5 and 4 micrograms/ml. Methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus were susceptible. Ninety percent of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Streptococcus pneumoniae strains were susceptible to 0.25 microgram of FCE 22101 per ml. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were resistant to FCE 22101 (minimum inhibitory concentration, greater than 128 micrograms/ml). The susceptibility of known, characterized beta-lactamase-producing strains of the Enterobacteriaceae suggested that FCE 22101 is resistant to many beta-lactamases. Generally, FCE 22101 was slightly less active than imipenem, moxalactam, ceftriaxone, and ceftazidime against members of the Enterobacteriaceae and considerably more active than the cephalosporins (including moxalactam) against Staphylococcus aureus. The human serum protein binding of FCE 22101 was about 40%, and human serum had little effect on the activity. PMID- 6607031 TI - Efficacy of the acyclic nucleoside 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine against primary and recrudescent genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infections in guinea pigs. AB - The acyclic nucleoside 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine (DHPG) was evaluated for its efficacy in protecting guinea pigs from primary and recrudescent infections of herpes simplex virus type 2. Vaginally infected guinea pigs were treated twice a day with DHPG at 25 mg/kg per dose for 3 weeks. Subcutaneous doses were started 3 h, 24 h, or 5 weeks after virus inoculation. Treatment starting at 3 or 24 h reduced the severity of the primary infection by greater than 70% when lesions were graded for 3 weeks; lesion duration was lessened by greater than 55%. For 6 weeks after treatment, the number of recrudescent lesions was reduced by greater than 60%, and the duration of the recrudescences declined by greater than 40%. When dosing was started at 3 h postinfection, 33% of the animals did not develop any sign of primary or recrudescent infection throughout the 9-week test. By comparison, all the animals treated with DHPG starting at 24 h or with saline became infected. A 3-week DHPG regimen starting 5 weeks postinfection reduced the number of animals that developed recrudescent lesions by 70%. When treatment ended, however, recrudescent episodes in the animals increased to the level of saline-treated controls. These results suggest that (i) DHPG is highly effective in reducing the severity of both primary and recrudescent lesions of herpes simplex virus type 2, (ii) early treatment of a primary infection or treatment of recrudescences reduces the incidence of recrudescences, and (iii) the drug appears to have no effect on the latent form of the virus, as the incidence of recrudescences increases when DHPG treatment is ended. PMID- 6607033 TI - Properties of novel beta-lactamase produced by Bacteroides fragilis. AB - Bacteroides fragilis strains were isolated from clinical specimens. B. fragilis G 237 was highly resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics due to beta-lactamase production. The purified enzyme from this strain gave a single protein band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The isoelectric point was 4.8, and the molecular weight was estimated to be 26,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme activity was inhibited by p chloromercuribenzoate and iodine but not by clavulanic acid or sulbactam. The purified enzyme showed a unique substrate profile by hydrolyzing at a high rate most of the cephalosporins, including cephamycin derivatives, penicillins, and imipenem (formerly imipemide, N-formimidoyl thienamycin, or MK 0787). PMID- 6607034 TI - Enterobacteriaceae and Aeromonas hydrophila in Minnesota frogs and tadpoles (Rana pipiens). AB - In 222 Rana pipiens frogs and 34 tadpoles captured in and near Minnesota, Aeromonas hydrophila and 29 species of Enterobacteriaceae, including yersinia enterocolitica and Salmonella arizonae, were isolated from intestines. The prevalence of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae was lowest in frogs captured in early spring and highest in frogs captured in late summer. PMID- 6607035 TI - Pagetoid reticulosis. Histiocyte marker studies. AB - Epidermal mononuclear cell infiltrate from three patients with pagetoid reticulosis was examined for the presence of the cytoplasmic markers lysozyme, alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, using specific antisera and a peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. Many of the infiltrating cells possessed these markers, indicating that they belonged to the monocyte-macrophage histiocyte series. PMID- 6607036 TI - Articular hypermobility simulating chronic rheumatic disease. AB - A retrospective survey of 54 children with symptoms associated with articular hypermobility showed only occasional recognition of the syndrome before referral; some patients had been treated for inflammatory arthritis. Of the patients, 78% were girls; their mean age at onset of symptoms (11 years) was 3 years older than the mean age of the boys. Hypermobility was localised rather than generalised in most patients, and this may be an important reason for the apparent under recognition of the syndrome. PMID- 6607037 TI - Cysteine proteinase inhibitors in psoriatic epidermis. AB - Human psoriatic epidermis and scales were demonstrated to contain two antigenically separate cysteine proteinase inhibitors, one acidic with an isoelectric point of 4.7-5.0 (ACPI) and one neutral with an isoelectric point of 6.0-6.5 (NCPI), while normal epidermis contains only ACPI. The total papain (cysteine proteinase) inhibiting activity of the psoriatic epidermis as calculated per mg protein was higher than that in normal epidermis. Both ACPI and NCPI were localized immunocytochemically, mainly in the highest spinous cell layers with less activity in the parakeratotic cells and lower layers of spinous cells. Basal cells were essentially negative. PMID- 6607038 TI - [Treatment of imported malaria with mefloquine]. PMID- 6607039 TI - Global left ventricular impairment and myocardial revascularization: determinants of survival. AB - Of 2,782 patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) from 1970 through 1979, 196 exhibited severe global impairment of left ventricular (LV) wall motion preoperatively (LV score, greater than or equal to 15; ejection fraction, less than 0.40 in all patients and less than 0.30 in 67%). The initial 89 patients (Group 1) underwent CABG without potassium chloride cardioplegia. The subsequent 107 patients (Group 2) were given potassium chloride cardioplegia intraoperatively. Group B patients received more grafts per patient (3.1 versus 2.5; p less than 0.001) and were completely revascularized more often (72.9% versus 58.4%; p less than 0.05). Operative mortality was lower in Group B (3.7% versus 12.4%; p less than 0.025), and 5-year cumulative survival was better in Group B (88.8% versus 63.9%; p less than 0.0001). Preoperative congestive heart failure resulted in higher operative mortality (14.3% versus 4.5%; p less than 0.05) and lower 5-year survival (65.0% versus 81.8%; p less than 0.02). Complete revascularization led to higher 5-year survival (82.2% versus 66.0%; p less than 0.02) but did not alter operative mortality significantly (6.9% versus 9.1%). Potassium chloride cardioplegia may influence operative survival favorably by reducing perioperative myocardial infarction in patients with severe LV dysfunction. Long-term survival relates to completeness of revascularization and severity of congestive heart failure as variables independent of methods of myocardial protection. PMID- 6607040 TI - Enhanced late survival following coronary artery bypass graft operation for unstable versus chronic angina. AB - Late survival following coronary artery bypass operation is time-frame dependent, with a major improvement occurring by 1974. In the cohort of patients undergoing operation between 1974 and mid-1982, subsets were present with further enhanced survival. In this study of 3,575 patients, the urgency of clinical presentation is examined as a survival determinant, and the results are seemingly paradoxical. Among the 1,404 patients with chronic angina, survival at 1 month was 98.3%; at 5 years, 88%; and at 8 years, 79%. Among the 1,008 patients with progressive angina, survival at 1 month was 97.8%; at 5 years, 90%; and at 8 years, 80%. Among the 1,163 patients with unstable angina, 1-month survival was 98.3%; 5-year survival, 92%; and 8-year survival, 89%. The best long-term results were obtained in patients with an acute clinical presentation. Ventricular function was an important determinant of late survival for the groups with chronic (p less than 0.001) and progressive (p less than 0.001) angina, but it had no effect in the group with unstable angina (p = 0.803). For the patients with chronic angina and good left ventricular (LV) function, survival was 99.5% at 1 month; 92% at 5 years; and 86% at 8 years. For those with poor LV function, the respective survival was 96%, 84%, and 71%. For the patients with progressive angina and good LV function, 1-month survival was 98.9%; 5-year survival, 94%; and 8-year survival, 83%. For those with poor LV function, the respective figures were 96.3%, 85%, and 76%. For the patients with unstable angina and good LV function, survival at 1 month was 97.8%; at 5 years, 92%; and at 8 years, 89%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6607041 TI - Dissection of the internal mammary artery during cephalic vein removal for coronary artery surgery. AB - An easy method that facilitates the exposure of the internal mammary artery and its dissection during simultaneous cephalic vein removal is described. PMID- 6607042 TI - [Experimental evaluation of a tomographic system of the thorax by detection of the dispersion of technetium-99m radiation]. AB - Based on a previous theoretical study, a simple device for the acquisition of bidimensional tomographic images of the human chest densitometry was designed. A radioactive linear source (99mTc) was adapted to the lateral aspect of a gamma camera detector in order to register only those photons scattered at 90 degrees. Resulting images from a liver phantom stuffed with saw dust, showed an evident tomographic effect and a satisfactory contrast between the structures sited at less than 20 cm from the source. These effects tend to decrease with distance. The causes of these deficiencies of the system and their possible corrections are discussed. PMID- 6607043 TI - [Positron CT and brain diseases]. PMID- 6607044 TI - Histocompatibility type and racial incidence in frozen shoulder. AB - An increased prevalence of histocompatibility antigen HLA-B27 has been reported previously in patients with peri-arthritis or adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder, or frozen shoulder (FS). In 50 patients who had frozen shoulder unassociated with a primary illness, HLA-B27 was detected in only two (4%), a frequency which did not differ significantly from controls. In our series, 12 (24%) of the patients were black persons. Although frozen shoulder probably occurs with greater frequency in white individuals, the difference may not be as great as reported previously. PMID- 6607045 TI - Degenerative diseases of the cervical and lumbosacral spine within the complex of general disability. PMID- 6607046 TI - [Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy]. AB - A case of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy in a boy of 13 with multiple subcutaneous tumor-like formations 0.5 to 2.5 cm in diameter is described. The general condition of the patient was not changed despite the 7 month course of the disease. Mild anemia and increased ESR were observed. Microscopically the formations presented massive "dense" infiltrates of lymphoid, plasma cells, and histiocytes-macrophages with foci of fibrosis and xanthomatosis. Since the morphological picture of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy may to some extent imitate the substrate of some tumor diseases of the hemopoietic and lymphoid tissues (malignant histiocytosis, histiocytosis X, lymphogranulomatosis, lymphosarcoma), their differential diagnosis is presented. PMID- 6607047 TI - The bucco-gingival branch of the posterior superior alveolar artery: a source of haematomata when injecting in the maxilla. PMID- 6607048 TI - [Disease frequency and treatment results in hip dislocation in the Aue district using a diagnosis and therapy standard]. PMID- 6607049 TI - Identification by n.m.r. spectroscopy of a stable intermediate structure in the unfolding of staphylococcal beta-lactamase. AB - The unfolding of beta-lactamase (penicillinase) from Staphylococcus aureus by guanidinium chloride was followed by using n.m.r. spectroscopy. On the basis of the observation of resonances corresponding to histidine, tyrosine and other amino acid side chains, the existence of a stable partially folded species was demonstrated. These experiments provide detailed characterization of the intermediate that confirms and extends previous characterization by absorption and c.d. spectroscopy and by flow properties. In addition, they show that residues in the N-terminal third of the molecule are affected by the native-to intermediate transition. Persistent non-equivalence of the two imidazole C2 proton resonances at high guanidinium chloride concentrations is discussed in terms of local sequence effects on the chemical shift. PMID- 6607050 TI - Measurement of the dissociation constant of MgATP at physiological nucleotide levels by a combination of 31P NMR and optical absorbance spectroscopy. AB - To resolve a controversy in the literature concerning the affinity of Mg++ for ATP to be used in our noninvasive 31P NMR procedure for the determination of free Mg++ in living cells, we have reinvestigated the apparent dissociation constant of MgATP under physiologic ionic conditions and over the cellular range of ATP concentrations by a combination of NMR and optical absorbance techniques. The new combination method utilizes 31P NMR chemical shifts to determine the degree of Mg++ chelation of ATP in a solution containing free ATP and MgATP, and uses a properly calibrated indicator dye, antipyrylazo III, for optical measurement of free Mg++ in the same solution. The data yield an average value of 50 +/- 10 microM for the apparent dissociation constant of MgATP which indicates low levels of free Mg++ (less than 1 mM) in several different types of tissues, including perfused heart muscle, contrary to a recent report in the literature. PMID- 6607051 TI - ATP-stimulated accumulation of calcium by chromaffin granules and mitochondria from the adrenal medulla. AB - In the presence of high concentrations of free Ca2+ (10(-5) - 10(-4) M) chromaffin granules and adrenal medullary mitochondria take up large amounts of Ca2+. At low levels of buffered free Ca2+ (less than 10(-8) M), these mitochondria release almost all of their stored calcium, whereas chromaffin granules retain the major part of their calcium pool. In the presence of MgATP and at less than 10(-8) M free Ca2+, the mitochondria do not take up significant amounts of Ca2+. Chromaffin granules, however, under the same conditions, show active MgATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake even at nM-concentrations of free Ca2+. The implications of these results for the calcium metabolism of chromaffin cells are discussed. PMID- 6607052 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of human T-cell growth factor. AB - Human T-cell growth factor (TCGF) has been isolated from conditioned media of the Jurkat T-leukemia cell line. Using a high-efficiency isolation procedure involving hollow fiber concentration, gel filtration and 3 steps of reverse-phase HPLC we obtained 100 to 600 pmol TCGF per liter of conditioned medium. Jurkat cell-derived TCGF (jTCGF) has a molecular weight of 15,750. The amino acid composition of jTCGF agrees well with that derived from the cDNA sequence coding for this protein (Taniguchi et al, Nature 302, 305, 1983). jTCGF is highly active in vitro in stimulating the proliferation of T-cells as measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA (half-maximal stimulation with 3 fmol/100 microliters well). PMID- 6607054 TI - The effects of vasectomy and exercise on cholesterol levels in rat aortas. AB - The effects of vasectomy and exercise upon esterified, unesterified and total cholesterol in rat aortic tissue was determined. A factorial design with two activity levels (aerobic exercise, sedentary) and three treatments (vasectomy, sham-vasectomy, control) was employed. Vasectomy significantly increased the amount of esterified and total cholesterol in aortic tissue. The vasectomy sedentary group had significantly higher unesterified cholesterol levels than the three exercise groups. Total cholesterol levels were significantly higher for the sedentary groups than the exercise groups. There was no significant difference between exercise and sedentary groups in esterified cholesterol. PMID- 6607053 TI - The pharmacological profile of 2-(8-methyl-10,11-dihydro-11-oxodibenz[b,f]oxepin 2-yl)propionic acid (AD-1590), a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with potent antipyretic activity. AB - Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and gastrointestinal ulcerogenic activities of 2-(8-methyl-10,11-dihydro-11-oxodibenz(b,f]oxepin-2-yl)propionic acid (AD-1590), a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, were compared with indomethacin (INN: indomethacin) and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) in experimental animals. AD-1590 showed the potent inhibitory activity on acute and subacute inflammation such as carrageenin hind paw edema (oral ED50 = 1.35 mg/kg), acetic acid-induced increased vascular permeability (0.205 mg/kg), UV-erythema (0.295 mg/kg) and felt pellet-induced granuloma formation (1.7 mg/kg), and its potency was on the whole 2 to 3 times that of indomethacin. Oral analgesic ED50-values of AD-1590 were 0.245, 8.32 and 13.9 mg/kg in the writhing tests, and 2.45 mg/kg in the silver nitrate-induced arthritic pain test. Analgesic potency of AD-1590 was on the whole comparable to that of indomethacin. Against the pyrexia caused by two kinds of pyrogens (yeast and adjuvant), AD-1590 exerted a strong antipyretic action at oral doses as low as 0.02 to 0.1 mg/kg, and its potency (ED50 equal 0.0210 and 0.0406 mg/kg) was 8.7 to 11 times that of indomethacin. , AD-1590 displayed the antipyretic activity at low doses which were widely different from its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effective dose. The body temperature was not affected by 20 mg/kg p.o. of AD-1590 in the afebrile animals. AD-1590 was the strongest antipyretic drug among 10 NSAID tested. In rats, AD-1590 produced gastrointestinal ulcer similar to indomethacin, and its gastric ulcerogenicity (SUD50 equal 13.8 mg/kg p.o.) was about one-half that of indomethacin. The activity of AD-1590 in the fecal occult bleeding test in beagle dogs was weaker than that of indomethacin. The potency of AD-1590 (IC50 equal 0.78 mumol/l) as a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor was about 2.7 times that of indomethacin in the in vitro test. The safety index (SUD50/ED50) of AD-1590 was larger than that of indomethacin, extremely large (the index equal 657 and 340) in the antipyretic activity. Besides, acute lethal toxicity of AD-1590 (oral LD50 equal 147 mg/kg in rats, 500 mg/kg in mice) was about 1/8 and 1/24 that of indomethacin. From these results, it was suggested that AD-1590 had extraordinarily potent antipyretic activity, potent anti-inflammatory activity superior to indomethacin, analgesic activity equivalent to indomethacin, and a wide safety margin. PMID- 6607055 TI - [Epidemiological toxoplasmin survey among university students. Antofagasta, Chile]. PMID- 6607056 TI - Monoclonal antibody-defined T-cell surface phenotypes in human breast milk. AB - The distribution of T-lymphocyte subsets in human early milk was determined by immunofluorescence analysis of reactivity with monoclonal antibodies of the OKT series. A novel finding was that the T-lymphocyte population in human milk contains both OKT4 (helper/inducer phenotype) and OKT8 (suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype)-positive subsets. The relative ratio of OKT4 to OKT8-positive T-cell subsets in milk, however, was generally higher than that observed for peripheral blood T cells. PMID- 6607057 TI - [Case of tinnitus, vertigo, and a loss of caloric response due to neurovascular compression]. AB - The authors report a case of neurovascular compression of the eighth cranial nerve in a 49-year-old businessman. The patient was admitted to the University of Tokyo Hospital because of progressive vertigo and tinnitus on the right without hearing loss over the seven years prior. There were no other symptoms. The general examination was normal. He was neurologically intact except for loss of caloric response. Audiometric studies and brain stem response were normal. The findings of routine hematology, biochemistry, and serology were within normal limits. Tomogram showed that right internal auditory meatus was wider than the left by 2 mm. Computed tomography with metrizamide demonstrated a filling defect in the right cerebellopontine angle. We decided to proceed with exploratory operation with the tentative diagnosis of a left cerebello-pontine angle mass, perhaps neurinoma en plaque meningioma, or epidermoid tumor. Left retromastoid craniectomy with microsurgical exploration of the cerebellopontine angle revealed not a tumor, but a loop of the anterior interior cerebellar artery (AICA) compressing the eighth cranial nerve close to the porus acousticus. A piece of muscle was inserted between the eighth cranial nerve and the AICA. His postoperative course was uneventfull with complete relief of symptoms and without impairment of hearing. In patients with hemifacial spasm and trigeminal neuralgia, neurovascular compression (NVC) has been found at the root entry zone of the facial or trigeminal nerves close to the brain stem at the "junction zone" on the glia and schwann sheath of these nerves.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6607058 TI - [Evaluation of blink reflexes in cerebellopontine angle tumors]. AB - Blink reflexes were analysed in 28 cases with cerebello-pontine angle tumors (22 cases of acoustic neurinoma and 6 cases of meningioma). In patients with acoustic neurinoma, delay or absence of R1 was found in all but two cases (91%) and abnormality of R2 was in 11 (50%). Estimating the mean latency difference of R1 on both sides it was found useful for establishing early diagnosis of small acoustic neurinomas, which had no apparent clinical signs of facial or trigeminal nerve involvement. In patient with obsolete hemorrhage (5 cases) or large cyst (6 cases) within the acoustic neurinomas, which were proven at operation, abnormality of blink reflexes was more prominent than in patient with solid tumors (11 cases). In patients with meningioma, although all were huge tumors, abnormality of R1 was less conspicuous in comparison with acoustic neurinoma. Bilateral delay of R2 was found in 3 of 6 patients. In 13 patients who underwent spinal accessory-facial anastomosis for facial palsy after removal of the tumors, R1-like response were recorded in all but one on the affected side and R2-like response was recorded in only one patient. Observing alteration of blink reflexes in patients with cerebello-pontine angle tumor was useful for establishing early diagnosis and evaluating function of trigeminal nerve, facial nerve and brainstem. PMID- 6607059 TI - Correlation of angiographic and surgical findings in distal coronary branches. AB - In 60 consecutive patients undergoing vein graft surgery the angiographic appearances of the coronary vessels were compared with those of the vessels at operation. On the basis of lumen diameter at the potential sites for grafting it was possible to predict with reasonable accuracy from examination of the angiogram which vessels were large enough to be grafted. Angiographic predictive accuracy was 82% and was similar both for vessels which filled normally and for those which filled by collaterals. The predictive value of the angiographic assessment was similar for branches thought to be too small (predictive value 74%) and for those considered sufficiently large (predictive value 85%) to receive a vein graft. Disease of the vessel walls was found at surgery (66% of coronary branches examined) more frequently than was predicted from the angiographic appearances (33%). Previous necropsy studies have found a high prevalence of coronary atheroma in the population, yet normal angiographic appearances in the coronary arteries are not uncommon in patients undergoing investigation for suspected coronary disease. The present study showed that atheroma may be present in coronary vessels without encroaching into the vessel lumen, so that it is not evident on the angiogram. Coronary atheroma is thus present more often and is more widely distributed in the coronary tree than is indicated by coronary angiography. PMID- 6607060 TI - Complete heart block in HLA B27 associated disease. Electrophysiological and clinical characteristics. AB - A genetic predisposition associated with HLA B27 for developing complete heart block with or without clinical or radiological signs of associated rheumatic disease has recently been found. In this electrophysiological study of 12 patients with spontaneous complete heart block and HLA B27 associated disease, of whom eight had ankylosing spondylitis, 10 had suprahisian second or third degree atrioventricular block (eight spontaneously and two during atrial pacing at rates below 90 impulses per minute) and one infrahisian block. One patient with narrow QRS complexes during complete heart block three months earlier had normal findings. Three patients also had sinus node malfunction and six had fascicular or bundle branch block. In HLA B27 associated disease the atrioventricular block seems to be preferentially located in the atrioventricular node, although the conduction system may be widely affected. The findings in this study indicate a further cause of high degree atrioventricular block with a predominantly suprahisian location in addition to acute inferior myocardial infarction, digitalis intoxication, and "congenital" heart block. PMID- 6607061 TI - Constrictive pericarditis as a complication of coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - Although it is now recognised as a rare complication of cardiac surgery, constrictive pericarditis was diagnosed in three patients after coronary artery bypass surgery. The time interval between cardiac surgery and the development of constrictive features varied from two to six weeks. All three patients presented with severe congestive heart failure. Haemodynamic findings were characteristic of constrictive pericarditis. Pericardial thickening detected by computed tomography in one patient was useful in establishing a definite diagnosis. One of the patients had a serous constrictive effusive pericarditis, and surgical pericardial drainage was needed. The other patient underwent pericardiectomy with preservation of the grafts. The diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis should be considered in patients presenting with unexplained right sided heart failure after cardiac surgery. PMID- 6607062 TI - Prevention of nitrous oxide-induced megaloblastic changes in bone marrow using folinic acid. AB - Prolonged anaesthesia with nitrous oxide inactivates vitamin B12 and impairs DNA synthesis in bone marrow cells. The use of parenteral folinic acid in the prevention of these toxic effects has been studied in 11 patients, ventilated artificially with nitrous oxide in oxygen for 24 h. Bone marrow aspirates were performed before and after exposure to nitrous oxide. They were assessed morphologically and with the deoxyuridine suppression test. Folinic acid 30 mg immediately before anaesthesia and 30 mg 12 h later, prevented the toxic effects of nitrous oxide in four out of five patients, whereas smaller amounts of folinic acid (between 3 and 36 mg in 24 h), were ineffective. PMID- 6607063 TI - Marked reduction of ANAE reactivity of T cells in the lymphoid tissues of monkeys treated with multiple high doses of human beta interferon. AB - We report a histological study of the organs and tissues of cynomolgus monkeys which had received multiple high doses of human beta interferon (IFN). There were dense aggregations of small lymphocytes without the acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) reactivity in the thymus-dependent areas (TDA) of lymphoid tissues, indicating that the T mu cells of IFN-treated monkeys had lost this characteristic enzyme. This change of T mu cells in the tissues was not accompanied by a change in circulating T mu cells. PMID- 6607064 TI - The effect of influenza virus on the adherence of Haemophilus influenzae to human cells in tissue culture. AB - The adherence of eleven strains of Haemophilus influenzae to MRC5 cells was studied and compared with adherence of the same eleven strains to MRC5 cells infected with influenza A/NWS/33 virus. Per cent Adhesion (the proportion of cells to which more than two bacteria were adhering) was estimated. Organisms grown on solid media adhered better than those grown in liquid media though the difference was not statistically significant (t test for independent means). A wide range of % Adhesion values for organisms grown on solid media to control cells was exhibited (1-88%). Ten of eleven strains grown on solid media or in broth showed increased adherence to influenza virus infected cells; this difference was significant (P less than 0.05, t test for independent means). The effect of virus infection in increasing % Adhesion was inversely proportional to the adhesiveness of the strain in question to uninfected cells. Strains that adhered most efficiently to control cells showed little increase in % Adhesion following virus infection, while strains that adhered poorly to control cells showed large increases in % Adhesion following virus infection. PMID- 6607065 TI - Syringolymphoid hyperplasia with alopecia. AB - A 26-year-old man presented with an unusual skin lesion consisting of a hairless area on the left leg studded with reddish-brown papules, together with follicular hyperkeratosis and circumscribed anhidrosis. Skin biopsies showed dense lymphocytic infiltrates in the dermis and around hyperplastic sweat ducts and glands. Similar clinical and histological features have been described in two previous case reports. We propose the term syringolymphoid hyperplasia with alopecia for this unusual skin disease. PMID- 6607066 TI - The coagulation factor VII in pregnancy. AB - The hypercoagulable state in pregnancy is partly caused by the increased activity of factor VII in plasma. We demonstrate here that this activity is reduced to levels similar to those in plasma from non-pregnant women by highly purified phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus, i.e. the activity increase is due to a circulating complex of factor VII and a phospholipase C-sensitive compound. Phospholipase C had no effect on the levels of factor II and X in blood from pregnant women. This novel form of activated factor VII is not inhibited by an antiserum to the protein component of thromboplastin (apoprotein III). By gel filtration of plasma from pregnant women on Sephadex G-100 the phospholipase C sensitive complex was partly separated from non-phospholipase sensitive factor VII also present in the same plasma. PMID- 6607067 TI - Phospholipids accelerate factor IX activation by surface bound factor XIa. AB - Activation of bovine factor IX by surface bound factor XIa which was generated either by activation of human citrated factor IX deficient plasma or a mixture of purified human factors XII, high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) and XI in glass tubes, is accelerated by cephalin. Human brain cephalin in dilutions ranging from 1:5 to 1:500 was studied for its effect on the activation of factor IX in concentrations of 1.0 u/ml and 16 u/ml. Cephalin dilutions from 1:5 to 1:30 accelerated the activation of the concentrated factor IX sample two- to threefold. Protein cleavage of this factor IX sample in the presence of 1:30 cephalin occurred twice as fast as in the absence of cephalin. Activation of the dilute factor IX sample (1.0 u/ml) was most effectively accelerated by cephalin in dilutions from 1:30 to 1:250. In all experiments the presence of phospholipid led to an increased factor IX cleavage concomitantly with faster generation of factor IXa activity. The results demonstrate that phospholipids actively participate in blood coagulation at an earlier stage than previously described. PMID- 6607068 TI - Supernormal scotopic ERG in cone dystrophy. AB - Three patients with a bull's-eye macular lesion and other signs characteristic of cone dystrophy gave an unusual ERG finding. In response to a white flash of moderate intensity the scotopic b-wave amplitude was considerably larger than normal. One patient had elevated rod thresholds and nyctalopia, while the other 2 had normal rod sensitivity associated with the supernormal scotopic b-wave amplitude. In the latter 2 patients the abnormal ERG pattern was unchanged for 4 years and 7 years respectively. This atypical finding, of a supernormal scotopic b-wave amplitude in response to light of moderate intensity, appears to characterise a subgroup of patients with cone dystrophy, probably of autosomal recessive inheritance. The pathogenesis of the abnormal ERG remains uncertain. PMID- 6607069 TI - Purification and properties of a type beta transforming growth factor from bovine kidney. AB - Type beta transforming growth factor (TGF-beta) has been purified 200 000-fold from bovine kidneys. This peptide is characterized by its ability to induce anchorage-dependent normal rat kidney cells to grow in soft agar in the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF); TGF-beta is not mitogenic for cells grown in monolayer culture. Purified TGF-beta does not compete with EGF for binding to membrane receptors. The concentration of TGF-beta required to elicit a half maximal response for formation of colonies greater than 3100 micron2 in the soft agar assay is 2-3 pM (55 pg/mL) when assayed in the presence of 0.8 nM EGF (5 ng/mL). The four-step purification procedure which includes chromatography of acid--ethanol tissue extracts on polyacrylamide sizing gels, cation exchange, and two steps of high-pressure liquid chromatography results in a 10% overall yield of colony-forming activity with a recovery of 3-4 micrograms/kg. Amino acid analysis of purified TGF-beta shows 16 half-cystine residues per mole. Analysis of the purified polypeptide by electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels indicates that TGF-beta is composed of two closely related polypeptide chains cross-linked by disulfide bonds. In the absence of beta mercaptoethanol, the colony-forming activity is associated with a single silver staining band of molecular weight 25 000; in the presence of beta mercaptoethanol, the TGF-beta is converted to an inactive species that migrates as a single band of molecular weight 12 500-13 000. Sequence analysis indicates that at least the first 15 N-terminal amino acids of the two TGF-beta subunits are identical. PMID- 6607070 TI - Mechanism and role of cooperative binding of bacteriophage fd gene 5 protein to single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid. AB - The highly cooperative binding of fd gene 5 to single-stranded DNA was studied kinetically by rapid photo-cross-linking and stopped-flow UV absorption measurements. The observed change in absorbance was shown to be due to the binding by direct evidence of rapid photo-cross-linking of the bound proteins to fd DNA. The bimolecular rate constant obtained for the association was 1.6 X 10(10) M-1 s-1 (in terms of the molecular concentration of DNA), which was concluded to be diffusion controlled. The breakdown of cluster complexes on fd DNA was induced by the addition of large excess amounts of short single-stranded DNA. The breakdown took place in about 1 s. The kinetic process of redistribution of dissociated proteins was monitored by rapid photo-cross-linking and subsequent electrophoresis of the cross-linked complex. The dissociated proteins first formed isolated complexes, but later they were again converted into the cluster. The kinetic results showed that the cooperativity originated from the stabilization of the protein-DNA complex by the cluster formation, not from the accelerated association in the cluster formation. This kind of cooperative binding was shown to perform negative feedback control in the cluster formation. On the basis of the kinetic results obtained, we proposed a model for the regulatory role of the fd gene 5 protein in the synthesis of single-stranded fd DNA. PMID- 6607071 TI - Nitrogenase reactivity: methyl isocyanide as substrate and inhibitor. AB - We have examined the interaction of methyl isocyanide with the purified component proteins of Azotobacter vinelandii nitrogenase (Av1 and Av2). CH3NC was shown to be a potent reversible inhibitor (Ki = 158 microM) of total electron flow, apparently uncoupling magnesium adenosine 5'-triphosphate hydrolysis from electron transfer to substrate. CH3NC is a substrate (Km = 0.688 mM at Av2/Av1 = 8), and extrapolation of the data indicates that at high enough CH3NC concentration, H2 evolution can be eliminated. The products are methane plus methylamine (six electrons) and dimethylamine (four electrons). There is an excess (relative to methane) of methylamine formed, which may arise by hydrolysis of a two-electron intermediate. A rapid high-performance liquid chromatography/fluorescence method was developed for methylamine determination. The products C2H4 and C2H6 appear to be formed via a reduction followed by an insertion mechanism. CH3NC appears to be reduced at an enzyme state more oxidized than the one responsible for H2 evolution or N2 reduction. Other substrates (C2H2 greater than N2 congruent to azide greater than N2O) all both relieve CH3NC inhibition and inhibit CH3NC reduction. Both effects occur in the same relative order, implying productive (substrate) and nonproductive (inhibitor) modes of binding of CH3NC to the same site. PMID- 6607072 TI - Thyroid hormone effects on skin and hepatic epidermal growth factor concentrations in neonatal and adult mice. AB - Tissue concentrations of mouse epidermal growth factor (skin, submandibular gland and liver) are compared in control and thyroxine-treated neonatal and adult animals. The results identify an early onset thyroid-induced augmentation of EGF levels in neonatal skin with continuation of hormone responsiveness into adult life. Hepatic EGF levels are shown to be low and, unlike skin and submandibular gland, are not augmented by T4. The significance of hormonal modulation of nonsalivary growth factor concentrations is discussed. PMID- 6607073 TI - Optical depolarization changes on the diffraction pattern in the transition of skinned muscle fibers from relaxed to rigor state. AB - Light diffraction spectra from single or small bundles of skinned striated muscle fibers show large changes in polarization properties when muscles are placed into rigor. The technique of combining optical diffraction and ellipsometry measurements has previously been shown by Yeh and Pinsky to be a sensitive probe of periodic anisotropic regions of the fiber. In the present work, using this method, the observed spectrum shows marked decrease in the measured phase angle, delta, as the fiber approaches the rigor state. The degree of phase angle change is a function of sarcomere length: Maximum overlap of approximately 2.3 microns gives the most change in delta a delta delta R-R approximately 35 degrees decrease for a bundle of three fibers. At a sarcomere length of 2.9 microns this delta delta R-R value is only 10 degrees. At a nonoverlapping length of approximately 3.8 microns, delta does not vary at all upon the removal of ATP. The rigor state was confirmed by stiffness measurements made after small amplitude (0.75%), quick length changes. Upon re-relaxation, the stiffness of the skinned fiber decreased to the value of the resting state (4 mM ATP) and the phase angle delta returned to its original value. A model based on either anisotropic subunit-2 (S-2) movements or other cross-bridge-related structural anisotropy (form birefringence) changes during the relaxed-rigor transition is suggested. PMID- 6607074 TI - [New preparation method of C1 esterase for the dosage of its plasma inhibitor]. AB - A purification method for C1 esterase is described. The final product significantly improved the sensitivity and the specificity of the enzymatic measurement of its plasma inhibitor C1-INH or alpha 2-neuraminoglycoprotein (alpha 2-NGP) by esterolysis of a synthetic substrate N-acetyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester (ALTEe). A comparative study was done between the chromatographed C1 esterase and the native serum euglobulins: qualitative and quantitative determination of the serum contaminants, enzymatic activity measurement of C1-INH in normal subjects and in patients suffering from hereditary angioneurotic oedema (OANH) as well as in therapeutical C1-inhibitor concentrates. PMID- 6607075 TI - [Use of Wheat Germ Lectin-Sepharose for isolating pregnancy-specific protein]. AB - Specific pregnancy protein was obtained from retroplacental blood serum by saline fractionation, affinity chromatography on Wheat germ Lectin-Sepharose, gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, hydrophobic chromatography on Phenyl-Sepharose, and ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel. The purified preparation of specific pregnancy protein is highly suitable for preparing antisera and the development of immuno- and radioassays of the protein in question. PMID- 6607076 TI - [Effect of fenigidin on calcium metabolism in the frog heart]. AB - The effect of fenigidine on calcium efflux from the frog heart was studied. In Ringer solution containing 10(-7) and 10(-5) M fenigidine, the efflux of Ca2+ was 0.081 and 0.23 mM per kg wet tissue, respectively. In a low-sodium solution (30 mM NaCl replaced by sucrose) containing fenigidine in the above-indicated concentrations, the efflux of Ca2+ dropped to 0.062 and 0.14 mM per kg wet tissue, respectively. PMID- 6607077 TI - [Thymocyte differentiation in mouse embryogenesis]. AB - Thymocytes in mouse embryogenesis and their capacity for colony formation in the spleen of irradiated mice were studied by electron microscopy and immunoassay. Thymocytes from 13-day-old mouse embryos were found to have large nuclei with diffuse chromatin and 1-2 nucleoli. The cytoplasm of these cells was found to contain ribosomes, mitochondria and Golgi's complex. These lymphocytes possess colony forming capacity and are not lysed by anti-theta-serum. In 15-day-old mouse embryos, theta-antigen shows on the cell surface, while the number of colonies in irradiated recipient' spleens decreases. In 17-day-old embryos, thymocytes acquire the structure and properties common to mature T cells. PMID- 6607078 TI - [Effect of size-fractionated thymocytes on the number of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow of sublethally irradiated mice]. AB - A study was of the influence of size-fractionated thymocytes in the density gradient of bovine serum albumin on the number of CFUs in the bone marrow of mice exposed to sublethal irradiation. Subject to separation were thymocytes obtained from intact mice and mice after multiple injections of dexamethasone (DM). Two cell populations were demonstrated during separation of thymocytes from intact mice. Injection of the first cell population brought about a decrease in the number of CFUs in the bone marrow during postradiation recovery, whereas injection of other thymocyte subpopulation resulted in an increase in CFUs. The use of thymocytes obtained from DM treated mice enabled the detection of an increase in bone marrow CFUs, induced by both unfractionated thymocytes and two fractions of thymocytes. PMID- 6607079 TI - [Effect of long-term administration of T-activin on the structure of the thymus]. AB - Morphometry was used to study the effect of T-activin on the morphology of the thymus of (CBA X C57BL) F1 mice given 10, 15 and 20 injections of T-activin (1.0 micrograms i.p.). T-activin did not cause any pathological alterations in the thymus. Ten injections of T-activin activated the proliferation and migration of thymocytes from the thymus. Fifteen injections of T-activin eventuated in an increased surge of thymocyte migration from the thymus, whereas 20 injections gave rise to a new surge of proliferation and preparation or beginning of thymocyte migration from the thymus. It is concluded that prolonged injection of T-activin does not disturb the fluctuation pattern of thymus functioning but activates the transformation and migration of thymocytes. PMID- 6607080 TI - Impaired natural killer activity in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia is associated with a deficiency of azurophilic cytoplasmic granules in putative NK cells. AB - This study was undertaken to gain further insight into the severely impaired natural killer (NK) activity we and others have previously observed in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Normal individuals' NK cells are large granular lymphocytes (LGL) that (A) bind to and lyse NK-sensitive cells, including K562, (B) express receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (FcR+ cells), and (C) express cell surface antigens reactive with monoclonal antibodies OKM1, 9.6, and OKT11A. We thus examined lymphocytes depleted of monocytes and B cells, from 6 CLL patients and 6 normal individuals, that were identified on the basis of binding to K562, expressing OKM1, or expressing receptors for the Fc portion of IgG. In the CLL patients studied, lymphocytes that bind to K562 cells, as well as OKM1+ cells isolated by fluorescence activated cell sorting, were morphologically similar to LGL of normal individuals, with the exception that more than 75% of the patients' cells were deficient in azurophilic cytoplasmic granules, which typify normal individuals' LGL. Furthermore, although the percentages of the patients' FcR+ cells reactive with OKT11A, 9.6 and OKM1 were very similar to those of normals, the majority of the patients' FcR+ cells were deficient in azurophilic granules and lacked NK activity. These findings indicate that the impaired NK activity in CLL patients is associated with cells that are phenotypically and morphologically NK cells, but which lack azurophilic granules that are thought to play a role in NK-mediated lysis. PMID- 6607081 TI - A cytotoxic monoclonal antibody detecting a novel B cell membrane antigen expressed predominantly on cells bearing surface membrane immunoglobulin. AB - A new human B lymphocyte membrane antigen, CB2, has been detected by a mouse monoclonal IgM antibody. CB2 appears to be predominantly expressed on normal and malignant cells expressing surface membrane immunoglobulin (SmIg). By indirect immunofluorescence, the number of CB2-positive cells in normal peripheral blood correlated well with the number of SmIg-positive cells. Cytotoxicity studies on isolated cell populations showed that CB2 was present on normal B cells isolated from the spleens of 52 donors and on peripheral blood B cells from 8 donors. Monocytes, T cells, granulocytes, platelets, and red cells were CB2 negative. Only malignant cells expressing SmIg were positive. These included B-CLL, B lymphoma, prolymphocytic leukemia, and B lymphoma cell lines Daudi, Raji, and Conception. SmIg-negative leukemia cells, such as common acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute and chronic myelogenous leukemia, and T cell leukemias, were negative. Blocking studies with human immunoglobulin suggests that the CB2 antigen is not directed against immunoglobulin determinants. Immunoperoxidase studies on normal lymph node sections show that CB2-positive cells are predominantly present in the mantle region of the follicle, whereas B1-positive cells are mainly in the germinal center. PMID- 6607082 TI - Pre-B cell leukemia responds poorly to treatment: a pediatric oncology group study. AB - Seventy-eight of 362 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) had leukemic cells similar in phenotype to normal pre-B cells. When the clinical and laboratory features of patients with pre-B and "null" cell phenotypes of ALL were compared, no significant differences were noted, except that the pre-B cell ALL phenotype had a higher percentage of black children. In contrast, patients with T cell ALL had a higher median age at diagnosis, frequent thymic involvement, and higher WBC counts. Patients with pre-B and "null" cell ALL were treated identically and patients with T cell ALL differently. Although no difference in remission induction rates was noted between patient groups with pre-B and "null" cell ALL, the remissions were of shorter duration for patients with pre-B cell ALL (p = 0.004). Similarly, overt leukemic involvement of both the central nervous system (CNS) and bone marrow was noted sooner in the patient group with pre-B cell ALL. Univariate and multivariate Cox life table regression analyses demonstrate the independent prognostic significance of the pre-B phenotype and illustrate that the prognostic influence of potential relapse risk factors, such as WBC, sex, and age, are specific for leukemia phenotype. These findings may have importance for the design and tailoring of therapy for children with acute leukemia. PMID- 6607083 TI - Removal of HLA-A,B antigens from platelets. AB - Recent evidence suggests that HLA-A,B antigens present on human platelets, are acquired from plasma. Using hypertonic acid chloroquine (200 mg/ml, pH 5.0, 1 hr, 4 degrees C), we demonstrate elution of most or all HLA-A2 and HLA-B7,40 immunoreactive material from platelets. Corresponding antigens on human lymphocytes were not affected by this treatment. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that HLA-A,B antigens are adsorbed onto platelet surfaces. PMID- 6607084 TI - [Subsequent data on the cellular characterization of the epithelium of the gustatory plate of the fungiform papillae of the tongue in the frog]. PMID- 6607085 TI - Ventilation perfusion ratios of the normal supine lung using emission tomography. AB - Ventilation perfusion imaging using single photon emission tomography was carried out in the supine position on four subjects, three normal volunteers and one patient, all free from evidence of respiratory disease. Ventilation imaging was by means of the steady-state inhalation of krypton 81m, perfusion imaging utilised technetium 99m labelled macroaggregates. In the three normal volunteers, perfusion studies were repeated using steady state infusion of 81Krm in solution. Ventilation perfusion ratios were calculated for the anterior, middle and posterior regions of the lung using axial slices from apex to base. The results using 99Tcm for perfusion showed a gradient of ventilation perfusion ratios from front to back of 1.27 anteriorly and 0.93 posteriorly for the right lung, 1.06 anteriorly and 0.77 posteriorly for the left lung. Using 81Krm for perfusion a small gradient of 0.94 to 0.82 was observed. PMID- 6607086 TI - Control of major haemorrhage associated with pancreatic pseudocysts by transcatheter arterial embolization. AB - Massive haemorrhage from a pancreatic pseudocyst is an uncommon cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The condition carries a high mortality and presents a major clinical problem both in terms of timely diagnosis and appropriate surgical therapy. Four patients are presented with pseudocyst-related bleeding arising from the gastroduodenal artery. In all instances the bleeding was successfully controlled by transcatheter embolization with gelfoam. No untoward sequelae were noted and the occlusion remained effective as shown by follow-up angiography 2 months later. The importance of early diagnostic angiography is stressed and it is concluded that interventional angiography may obviate the need for high risk emergency surgery. PMID- 6607087 TI - Haemorrhage from the pancreatic duct: a rare form of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - Recurrent upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage arising from the pancreatic duct presents diagnostic difficulties. Bleeding can be secondary to pancreatic disease (pancreatitis, pseudocysts) or vascular disorders (aneurysms of the splanchic arteries). Of the 5 cases reported here, 3 involved a ruptured aneurysm of the splenic artery and 2 chronic pancreatitis. Attacks of colicky pain in the left epigastric region associated with haematemesis and/or melaena were characteristic symptoms. Pancreatectomy controlled the bleeding in 4 and ligation of the splenic artery and the pancreatic duct in one. Fifty-five patients with similar pathology have been previously reported, suggesting that this syndrome should be borne in mind when gastrointestinal haemorrhage of obscure origin is encountered. If routine endoscopy does not reveal the site of the haemorrhage and there are no signs of cholestasis, endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) and selective coeliac arteriography should be performed to evaluate the possibility of haemorrhage from the pancreatic duct. Surgical management depends on the site of the causative lesion. PMID- 6607088 TI - The relationship of pinocytosis and synaptic vesicles at the frog neuromuscular junction. AB - The fate of the extracellular marker horseradish peroxidase (HRP), following intense transmitter release was studied using identified muscle fibers from the frog sartorius nerve-muscle preparation. The muscle was stimulated indirectly via its nerve at 10 Hz or K+-depolarized for 15 min. Other preparations were also stimulated or K+-depolarized for 15 min and then rested for an additional 15 min. Endings from only identified muscle fibers were photographed with the electron microscope. It was found that in the paradigms studied above, less than 10% of the mean number of synaptic vesicle profiles per section contained the marker. Following electrical stimulation, there was a statistically significant decrease in the mean number of synaptic vesicle profiles per section. After a 15 min rest period, the vesicle profile number had returned to the control value. At this time point, the endplate potential was but 25% of the control. K+-depolarization caused no significant change in the mean number of synaptic vesicle profiles per section. Experiments were also performed to rule out any direct effect of the label on the number of coated and synaptic vesicle profiles. The mean number of labeled coated vesicle profiles increased during either electrical stimulation or K+-depolarization, and then fell during the subsequent rest period. Their numbers accounted for less than 2% of the total number vesicles/section. A suprisingly high number of coated vesicle profiles (as high as 41%) contained no label. This finding is inconsistent with the exclusive role of coated vesicles associated with synaptic vesicle membrane recycling. The low level of HRP labeling of synaptic vesicles is also inconsistent with synaptic vesicles undergoing exo- and endocytosis along the presynaptic plasma membrane. PMID- 6607090 TI - Efferent projections of the torus semicircularis to the medulla of the tadpole, Rana catesbeiana. AB - Horseradish peroxidase injections into the medulla of tadpoles demonstrate, by back-filling, efferent neurons in the torus semicircularis which project to the ipsilateral superior olive. This projection, as well as one to the vicinity of the efferent neurons of the contralateral VIII and lateral line nerves, is confirmed by tracing anterograde transport following HRP injections into the torus semicircularis. These efferent neurons, located primarily in the principal nucleus of the torus within the terminal field of the projection from the superior olive, represent the only reported descending path to the superior olive and efferent nuclei in a non-mammalian vertebrate. PMID- 6607089 TI - Two types of acetylcholine receptors on the soma of primary afferent neurons. AB - Acetylcholine (ACh) caused two types of depolarizations of the soma membrane of bullfrog primary afferent neurons (dorsal root ganglion cells); the one, a rapid transient depolarization, was nicotinic and the other, a long-lasting one, was muscarinic in nature, respectively. The rapid transient depolarization was due to a simultaneous increase in sodium and potassium conductance, whereas the slow one was caused by a decrease in membrane potassium conductance. These results indicate that the soma of bullfrog primary afferent neuron is endowed with nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. PMID- 6607091 TI - Differences in thermal responses of cat trigeminal ganglion 'cold' receptors under urethane and pentobarbital anesthetization. AB - Cutaneous thermoreceptors recorded from the trigeminal ganglion of cats anesthetized with urethane showed a significant reduction in thermal sensitivity when compared with neuronal responses obtained from sodium pentobarbital anesthetized cats. The results of this study indicate that a detailed analysis of primary afferent thermoreceptor response characteristics should consider the anesthesia employed. PMID- 6607092 TI - Selective nigral toxicity after systemic administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyrine (MPTP) in the squirrel monkey. AB - 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was administered via the intraperitoneal route to squirrel monkeys. Akinesia, rigidity and hypophonia were seen after repeated doses of 2 mg/kg. Postural tremor was present in one animal. Neuropathologic examination revealed cell loss restricted to the zona compacta of the substantia nigra. MPTP appears effective in producing an animal model for Parkinson's disease in the squirrel monkey, and may be one of the more selective neurotoxins described to date. PMID- 6607093 TI - Regeneration of central catecholamine fibers in young and aged rat brain. AB - Catecholamine histofluorescence patterns were examined in brains of young and aged rats, 1 to 14 days following neurosurgical transection of the medial forebrain bundle. At all ages examined, two phenomena were observed: degeneration of nerve fibers and vigorous regrowth of catecholamine-containing fibers in the lesion site. Regenerated catecholamine fibers invaded the area of scarred tissue. This invasion of the scarred area implies that the robust plasticity of catecholaminergic pathways, known to exist in young animals, persists in aged brain. PMID- 6607094 TI - [Physical principles of tomographic imaging and its use in practice]. PMID- 6607095 TI - Rate-pressure product correlates poorly with myocardial oxygen consumption during anaesthesia in coronary patients. AB - In 26 patients having coronary grafts, haemodynamics, coronary sinus blood flow and the arterio-coronary sinus difference of oxygen content were determined, awake and at four intervals during morphine-oxygen or halothane--oxygen anaesthesia. Rate-pressure product (RPP), triple product (TP) and myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) were calculated. The correlation of the two indirect indices to MVO2 were tested by repeated measures and regression analyses. No significant correlations were seen at four of five study times, when outlying data points were appropriately excluded. A pitfall of using more than one data point from each patient in the linear regression analysis is pointed out. In addition to the lack of correlation of RPP to MVO2, RPP was an imprecise predictor of myocardial lactate production and of postoperative infarction. PMID- 6607096 TI - Anti-IgA-mediated transfusion reactions in Canada. AB - During a 6-year period (1977 to 1982) blood samples from 152 Canadian patients were referred to the national reference laboratory of the Canadian Red Cross Society because the referring hospitals had not been able to determine the cause of the patients' severe nonhemolytic transfusion reactions. Twenty-one patients were found to be IgA deficient, and 12 of them had strong class-specific anti-IgA antibodies, which were presumed to have been responsible for the reactions. The spectrum of symptoms that accompanied these violent reactions was documented for 10 of the patients. As a probable minimum, the incidence of anti-IgA-mediated reactions averaged 1.3 per million units of blood or blood products transfused during this period. PMID- 6607097 TI - Severe thrombocytopenia associated with acute folic acid deficiency and severe hemorrhage in two patients. AB - Severe thrombocytopenia associated with acute folic acid deficiency in two inpatients is described. Both patients had severe hemorrhagic manifestations. A similar syndrome has previously been described in patients who have undergone extensive surgery or dialysis or both. The present cases show that acute folic acid deficiency can occur in other circumstances and may go unrecognized because other signs in the peripheral blood of a megaloblastic process may be minimal. A good response was obtained with folic acid therapy. PMID- 6607098 TI - Monoclonal antibody-defined T-cell phenotypes and phytohemagglutinin reactivity of E-rosette-forming circulating lymphocytes from untreated chronic myelocytic leukemia patients. AB - T-cell phenotypes, as defined by murine monoclonal antibodies, (OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, OKIa1), and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) reactivity, were evaluated in E-rosette forming cells (T-cells) from 10 untreated chronic myelocytic leukemia patients. The proportion of T4+ cells was lower in patients than in controls (41.6 versus 61.7%, P less than 0.02); whereas the proportion of T8+ cells was similar in patients and controls. The decrease in T4+ cells in CML resulted in a decrease in circulating T4+/T8+ ratio (P less than 0.02). The Ia1+ T-cells were increased in most CML (8 of 9) patients, while control subjects never displayed Ia1+ T lymphocytes (P less than 0.01). The PHA reactivity of E-rosette forming lymphocytes was significantly impaired in CML patients with respect to controls (P less than 0.02). The presence of Ia antigen on T-cells was positively correlated with the T8+ cell phenotype (P less than 0.001) and inversely correlated with the T4+ (helper) cell phenotype (P less than 0.05). Furthermore, there was a trend towards an inverse correlation between the PHA response and the level of Ia1+ or T8+ cells, there is no correlation between PHA reactivity and T4+ phenotype. The results suggest that the T-lymphocyte population from untreated CML patients is intrinsically abnormal. PMID- 6607099 TI - Adoptive autoimmunotherapy. Cytotoxic effect of an autologous long-term T-cell line on malignant melanoma. AB - The in vitro and in vivo cytotoxic effects of an autologous long-term T-cell (LTTC) line were evaluated in a 65-year-old man with metastatic malignant melanoma. The patient's own T-cells were grown from a peripheral blood sample in a lymphocyte-conditioned medium. The cytotoxic effect of the LTTC against the patient's cultured melanoma cells was determined in vitro using the method of 51Cr release. Long-term T-cells produced specific lysis of 34% at an effector:target ratio of 30:1. Using allogeneic melanoma target cells, comparable or greater lysis was obtained in vitro. Long-term T-cells were injected into the infratumor and peritumor regions of two subcutaneous melanoma metastases of a lower extremity. A second injection of one of these lesions was followed 3 days later by an excisional tumor biopsy. Histologic examination showed many lymphocytes and necrotic areas in the injected lesions. Electron microscopic examination revealed numerous areas of lymphocyte-melanocyte membrane contact, membrane thickening, disintegration, hydropic cytoplasmic changes, and irreversible nuclear degenerative changes of melanocytes. Dividing lymphoblasts were also seen. These changes did not occur in noninjected tumor nodules. Long term T-cell cultures yield immunologically functional cells capable of cytotoxic activity against allogeneic and autochthonous melanoma in vitro and against autochthonous melanoma in vivo. In vivo use after in vitro expansion of autologous immunocompetent cells (adoptive autoimmunotherapy) appears to be a feasible new approach to the study of human tumor immunology and treatment. PMID- 6607100 TI - Effects of tumor growth on interleukins and circulating immune complexes. Mechanisms of immune unresponsiveness. AB - This study delineates the temporal relationship between immune complex formation and tumor growth, and provides one possible explanation for host immunosuppression during tumor growth. The authors have studied serial circulating immune complex (CIC) levels and interleukin (IL) elaboration by peripheral blood cells (IL-1 production by adherent mononuclear cells [AMC]; and IL-2 generation by peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMC]) during the growth of syngeneic tumor isografts in an inbred rat model. Male Wistar/Furth (W/Fu) rats were injected, subcutaneously (SC) with 2 X 10(6) W163 ( a dimethylhydrazine [DMH]-induced colon adenocarcinoma) cells into their hind limbs. Serial CIC levels, (measured by the antigen nonspecific polyethylene glycol turbidity assay) and IL-1 and IL-2 production were measured before isografting and weekly thereafter. Progressive local tumor growth occurred for 3 weeks followed by regional lymph node metastases during the fourth week. During local tumor growth, there was a progressive rise in CIC levels (123% rise compared with baseline value; P less than 0.05) which correlated with a fall in both IL-1 and IL-2 generation (r = -0.768). At the time of regional metastasis, the mean CIC levels declined, and there was a further significant decrease in IL production (IL-1 = 0.9% and IL-2 = 10% of controls in tumor bearers). These results show that progressive tumor growth results in decreased IL production by host PBC, and suggest that CIC may be involved in regulating IL generation. PMID- 6607101 TI - Chronic myelogenous leukemia with a complex Ph1 translocation in an XYY male. AB - We encountered a 38-year-old Japanese male patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), whose bone marrow and peripheral blood cells during the chronic and blastic phases contained a complex Ph1 translocation and an extra Y chromosome [i.e., 47,XYY,t(9;22;13)(q34;q11;q14)]. A karyotypic analysis of PHA stimulated lymphocytes showed the constitutional karyotype to be 47,XYY. Thus, it was considered that CML with a complex Ph1 translocation developed in an XYY male; such a case has not been reported, so far. A B-lymphocyte cell line with the complex Ph1 translocation was established by the procedure of Epstein-Barr virus transformation. The presence of the complex Ph1 translocation in the B lymphocyte cell line suggests that some of the B lymphocytes in this patient originated from the CML clone. PMID- 6607102 TI - Augmentation of in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo tumor-inhibition by combined use of lymphotoxin-containing supernatants and antitumor drugs. AB - The cytotoxicity of combined antitumor drugs and lymphotoxin (LT)-containing supernatants was studied on target cells. Marked reduction of L cells was observed after combined use of LT-containing supernatants with actinomycin D, adriamycin or aclacinomycin A but not with mitomycin C or vincristine sulphate. Similar effects were observed in Sarcoma 180 cells and Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in vitro. The survival of mice injected i.p. with Ehrlich ascites tumor cells was prolonged by the combined use of LT-containing supernatants and actinomycin D (0.1 or 0.3 microgram/mouse). The mechanisms of the synergistic effect are discussed in regard to the mode of action of antitumor drugs. PMID- 6607103 TI - Differences in the metastatic potential of two sublines of tumor 3LL selected for resistance to natural NK-like effector cells. AB - Normal syngeneic spleen cells were found to inhibit the local growth of the Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) when injected together with the tumor cells at a ratio of 100:1 (spleen to tumor cells). The repeated injection of the tumor cells together with spleen cells eventually led to the selection of a tumor cell population whose growth could no longer be inhibited by normal spleen cells. In a previous report from this laboratory, a tumor subpopulation obtained in this manner was shown to display an increased metastatic potential, as well as a decreased sensitivity to natural resistance mechanisms in vivo and NK lysis in vitro. In the present study, we attempted to characterize the spleen cell population which mediated this selection process. We found that spleen cells depleted of T cells, B cells, or adherent macrophages retained their ability to inhibit tumor growth and select a resistant line in vivo. Subsequently, two tumor sublines derived by continuous in vivo passage of the parental tumor line with either unfractionated or nylon wool-non-adherent spleen cells were characterized. It was found that whereas both sublines were resistant to growth inhibition by normal spleen cells, only the subline derived from continuous passage with unfractionated spleen cells showed a reduction in the density of H-2b molecules expressed on the cell surface and an enhanced metastatic potency. These results suggest that the resistance of a tumor line to natural killer cells may not always result in an increase in its metastatic potential. PMID- 6607105 TI - Clonal growth of human acute myeloid leukemia cells (ML-1 and HL-60) in serum free agar medium. AB - Human acute myeloid leukemia (ML-1 and HL-60) cells grew continuously in the serum-free liquid medium supplemented with human transferrin and bovine insulin. Both ML-1 and HL-60 cells formed clusters and colonies in the serum-free agar medium supplemented with bovine serum albumin, human transferrin, cholesterol, and L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine. Medium conditioned by phytohemagglutinin stimulated leukocytes prepared in the absence of serum had three types of colony stimulating factors on normal human bone marrow cells. When fetal calf serum was present, medium conditioned by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated leukocytes stimulated the clonal growth of HL-60 cells at the lower concentration. However, it inhibited that of ML-1 cells. In contrast, under serum-free conditions, medium conditioned by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated leukocytes promoted the clonal growth of both ML-1 and HL-60 cells at the lower concentrations. The study using a Sephadex G-200 column revealed that, in the serum-supplemented cultures, HL-60 cells responded to one of the three colony-stimulating factors and an activity with molecular weight of around 12,000, while ML-1 cells responded only to an activity with molecular weight of around 12,000. In the serum-free cultures, both ML-1 and HL-60 cells were stimulated by activities with molecular weights of 62,000 and 54,000, respectively. These studies demonstrate that the determination of growth factors for cell lines is dependent on culture conditions, particularly on serum component; that there is a heterogeneity of ML-1 and HL-60 cells in response to the growth factors; and that there is potential importance of demonstration of heterogeneity among different cell lines in establishing requirements for different stages of differentiation. PMID- 6607104 TI - Immune responses of DBA/2 mice bearing melanoma tumors: cell-mediated immune responses after challenge with vaccinia virus. AB - Cell-mediated immune responses in DBA/2 mice bearing melanoma tumors (TB-mice) were measured and compared to similar responses in mice without tumors (C-mice). Splenic lymphocytes from TB-mice had a reduced capacity to respond to both B and T-cell mitogens, but TB-mice responded to infection with vaccinia virus by developing a virus-specific cytotoxic T-cell response equal to that measured with splenic effectors prepared from virus-infected C-mice. NK-cell activity, as measured by the in vitro lysis of YAC-1 targets by splenic effectors, was significantly depressed in TB-mice but, after infection of the animals with vaccinia virus, was restored to levels equal to that measured with splenic effectors prepared from C-mice. Doses of vaccinia virus, strain WR which elicited vaccinia-virus-specific cytotoxic T cells or stimulated NK-cell activity, failed to elicit or stimulate cytotoxic effectors specific for S91-melanoma tumor cells. PMID- 6607107 TI - Augmentation of natural killer cell activity by lipopolysaccharide through separable effects on the binding of nonadherent lymphocytes to tumor targets and tumor killing. AB - A single-cell assay was utilized to study the augmentation by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the cytotoxicity of human lymphocytes for the human myeloid tumor K562. Preincubation with LPS at 20 micrograms/ml for 30 min at 37 degrees increased the binding of all nonadherent (NA) lymphocyte populations to K562 tumors [unseparated NA lymphocytes from 13.1 to 25.1%, immunoglobulin G Fc receptor-enriched lymphocytes from 27.6 to 42.9%, and immunoglobulin G Fc receptor-depleted lymphocytes from 14.0 to 23.7%, at p less than 0.001]. In contrast, interferon (IFN) at 10 units/ml had no effect on the overall binding of lymphocytes to K562 tumors. When lymphocyte-tumor conjugates were dispersed in agarose, cytotoxic activity of unseparated NA lymphocytes at 1 to 3 hr was markedly increased by preincubation with LPS (p less than 0.001). However, LPS did not enhance cytotoxicity if conjugates were formed in its absence. IFN, likewise, increased cytotoxic activity in unseparated NA lymphocytes at 1 to 3 hr (p less than 0.001). No synergistic cytotoxicity was seen with concurrent exposure to LPS and IFN. LPS increased cytotoxicity in the Fc receptor enriched:tumor conjugates at 1 to 3 hr (p less than 0.001) and appeared to promote more efficient killing in individual conjugates over time. Cytotoxicity in the Fc receptor-depleted:tumor conjugates was not enhanced by LPS. Thus, LPS may enhance natural killer cell-like activity by increasing the binding of human lymphocytes to K562 tumors and by rearranging the population of binding cells to include more efficient killer cells. While the effects of LPS on binding appear independent of IFN, selective recruitment of more efficient killer cells could be through an IFN mechanism. PMID- 6607106 TI - Tumoricidal response following perfusion over immobilized protein A: identification of immunoglobulin oligomers in serum after perfusion and their partial characterization. AB - Previously, we showed that perfusion of plasma from hosts bearing breast adenocarcinoma over immobilized staphylococcal protein A resulted in objective tumor regressions. In the present study, sera perfused in vitro over immobilized staphylococcal protein A were analyzed by physicochemical and immunochemical methods to characterize newly formed products. Sera from normal and breast adenocarcinoma-bearing dogs showed increased levels of C1q-binding IgG after perfusion over a strain of staphylococcus that is protein A rich (Cowan I), but not protein A deficient (Woods 46). C1q binding levels were also increased in normal and tumor-bearing canine or human sera which were perfused over purified protein A immobilized in collodion charcoal (PACC), and this increase was localized in sucrose density gradient fractions ranging from 7S to 19S. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the high-molecular-weight fraction in postperfusion canine sera, isolated by G-200 fractionation and immunoaffinity chromatography, showed predominantly heavy and light immunoglobulin chains of canine IgG. Furthermore, protein A was released from PACC after perfusion with serum or solutions containing IgG or albumin from humans, dogs, and chickens. After serum perfusion over PACC, protein A was identified in the effluent by additional studies as follows: (a) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed that eluted 125I-protein A comigrated with the protein A marker; (b) postperfusion C1q-binding complexes, isolated by gel filtration under dissociating conditions and affinity chromatography on IgG-Sepharose showed a single precipitin band with normal human (protein A reactive) but not chicken (protein A unreactive) serum. Protein A released from PACC which appeared in postperfusion sera was associated with immunoglobulins in macromolecular complexes since (a) eluted 125I-protein A was largely (NH4)2SO4 and polyethylene glycol precipitable, whereas free protein A was not, and it sedimented in sucrose density gradient fractions distributed beyond the 7S marker, compared to free protein A which localized below 7S; (b) radiolabeled protein A eluting from PACC after serum perfusion showed 8-fold greater binding to C1q-coated tubes compared to free protein A; and (c) increased C1q-binding IgG in postperfusion sucrose density gradient fractions corresponded to the appearance of protein A in parallel gradient fractions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6607108 TI - Phenotypic shifts in the L5178Y lymphoma population during progression of the tumor-dormant state in DBA/2 mice. AB - We evaluated the phenotypic changes that take place in the L5178Y tumor cell population during the establishment, maintenance, and termination of the L5178Y tumor-dormant state in DBA/2 mice. Since there is considerable variation among DBA/2 mice in the course of the L5178Y tumor-dormant state, analysis of these phenotypic changes required prospective studies on individual mice. Therefore, we developed a partial peritoneal lavage technique which could be performed repeatedly on an individual mouse without killing the mouse and without terminating the tumor-dormant state. The partial peritoneal lavage technique provided cell samples that were quantitatively representative of the entire peritoneal cell contents without altering the relative proportions or total number of host peritoneal cell subpopulations. Tumor cell clones were isolated from the uncloned L5178Y cell inoculum that was used to initiate the tumor dormant state, and from the partial peritoneal lavage performed on individual mice at regular intervals throughout the tumor-dormant state until each mouse developed an ascitic tumor. We found that the uncloned L5178Y cell population is heterogeneous, with the majority of the cells [approximately 80% of the clonal populations ("original" phenotype)] able to compete as well as the uncloned L5178Y cell population for immune cytolytic T-lymphocyte activity, and a smaller percentage [approximately 20% of the clones ("emergent" phenotype)] competing significantly less but similar to the tumor cell population which grows out as an ascitic tumor at the termination of the tumor-dormant state. However, both "original" and "emergent" phenotypes encompass a range of subpopulations which have the respective characteristics. There was a progressive enrichment in the tumor cell population for "emergent"-phenotype cells as mice progressed through the tumor-dormant state. In the 30-day period prior to tumor emergence, only "emergent"-phenotype cell clones were isolated. These data indicate that, during the course of the tumor-dormant state, there is continual selection by immune cytolytic T-lymphocytes for "emergent"-phenotype cells, which preexist in the L5178Y cell population used to initiate the tumor-dormant state, and that the progressive enrichment of "emergent"-phenotype cells in the peritoneal cavity is associated with and may be responsible for termination of the tumor-dormant state. PMID- 6607109 TI - Sister chromatid exchange induction in mouse B- and T-lymphocytes exposed to cyclophosphamide in vitro and in vivo. AB - Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is known to exert greater toxic effects of B- than on T lymphocytes in vivo. Both in vitro and in vivo CPA treatments were used to assess the possible cytogenetic basis for these observations. First, male C57BL/6 mouse lymphocytes were stimulated to divide in vitro with either phytohemagglutinin (T cell mitogen) or lipopolysaccharide (B-cell mitogen), and were then treated with CPA (0.05 to 1.0 mM) and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (2 microM) at 24 hr. Cultures were harvested at 60 hr following a 4-hr treatment with demecolcine (1.35 microM). CPA caused concentration-related increases in sister chromatid exchange (SCE) up to 3 times control frequencies; the resulting SCE induction curves for B and T-cells were sigmoidal and equivalent. Second, mice were given a single i.p. injection of CPA (0.5, 1.0, or 5.0 mg/kg). Blood was removed 24 hr later and cultured without additional CPA, as described above. Dose-related increases in SCE frequencies were seen for both T- and B-lymphocytes. CPA induced consistently 2.5 to 3.7 more SCEs in B-cells than in T-cells. Thus, B- and T-lymphocytes exhibited an equal sensitivity to CPA in vitro, but B-cells were more susceptible to the genotoxic effects in vivo. PMID- 6607110 TI - DNA strand breaks induced in human T-lymphocytes by the combination of deoxyadenosine and deoxycoformycin. AB - There is a progressive loss of human T-lymphocyte viability upon incubation with deoxycoformycin, an adenosine deaminase inhibitor, and low concentrations of deoxyadenosine (drug concentration that reduced cell count at 48 hr after initiation to 50% of value for untreated control culture, less than 1 microM). The loss of viability was evidenced by vital staining with fluorescein diacetate and by changes in forward single light scatter measured by flow cytometry. This loss of lymphocyte viability is detectable 18 to 20 hr after the addition of deoxyadenosine and is earlier than has been reported by other investigators using trypan blue as the vital stain. Alkaline elution studies show that the incubation of T-lymphocytes with the combinations of deoxycoformycin and deoxyadenosine gives rise to DNA single-strand breaks. These DNA strand breaks are dose and time dependent and are readily detected 4 hr after the addition of deoxyadenosine. These DNA lesions are not observed with deoxycoformycin or deoxyadenosine alone. Incubations of T-lymphocytes with deoxycoformycin and deoxyadenosine (1 and 5 microM) for 7 hr result in DNA strand breaks with a frequency of 145 and 280 rad equivalents, respectively. Preliminary studies indicate that the ability of lymphocytes to repair this damage is dependent upon deoxyadenosine concentration and exposure time. The relationship of these DNA lesions to loss of lymphocyte viability in the presence of deoxycoformycin and deoxyadenosine remains to be established. PMID- 6607111 TI - Diagnosis of and therapy for solid tumors with radiolabeled antibodies and immune fragments. AB - Antibodies which are directed against human tumor-associated antigens can potentially be used as carriers of radioactivity for in vivo diagnosis (radioimmunodetection) or treatment (radioimmunotherapy) of solid tumors, including colon, hepatoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and melanoma. Murine monoclonal antibodies (MOAB), produced by the hybridoma technique of Kohler and Milstein, are replacing conventional heterosera as sources of antibodies, because MOAB can be produced in large quantities as reproducible reagents with homogeneous binding properties. We have studied human melanoma using MOAB IgG and Fab fragments that recognize the human melanoma-associated antigens p97 and "high-molecular-weight antigen." Both antigens are found in the membrane of melanomas at much larger concentrations than in normal adult tissues. We have performed radioimmunodetection studies with whole immunoglobulin and have detected 88% of lesions greater than 1.5 cm. We have used Fab fragments for radioimmunotherapy and have found that large doses of radiolabeled antibodies (up to 342 mCi) can be repetitively given to patients without excessive end-organ toxicity. Two of three patients treated with high-dose radiolabeled antimelanoma Fab showed an effect from the treatment. Although both technical and biologic problems remain, the use of radiolabeled antibodies that are directed against tumor-associated antigens holds future promise as a new therapeutic approach to solid tumors that are resistant to conventional therapy. PMID- 6607113 TI - The geometry of actin filament-membrane associations can modify adhesive strength of the myotendinous junction. AB - Junctions between skeletal muscle cells and tendon collagen fibers transmit forces generated by muscle cells to the skeletal system. Since force trajectories across adhesive joints partly determine the stresses at the joint (eg, shear or tensile), the geometry of actin filament-membrane-collagen fiber associations has been modeled based on ultrastructural data, and force trajectories at the junction have thereby been established. Measurements show that in healthy twitch cells, actin filaments lie at a mean angle of 4.3 degrees (standard deviation = 0.95 degrees; 15 cells analyzed) to the plasma membrane. Calculations indicate that maximum isometric loading is seen by the junctional membrane almost entirely as a shear stress. In disuse-atrophied muscle cells, the mean angle between actin filaments and the membrane is 9.1 degrees (standard deviation = 3.3 degrees; 11 cells analyzed). The shear component of loading for the junctions of atrophied cells is only 1% less than that in healthy cells. The tensile component of the stress at atrophied junctions is more than doubled, however. These data are used to interpret patterns of myotendinous junction mechanical failure in terms of adhesive joint mechanics. An increased occurrence of failure of the atrophied junction is observed at physiological loads and can be attributed to a reduction of adhesive strength under increased tensile load component. PMID- 6607112 TI - Light-related changes in electron-dense material in photoreceptor synaptic clefts of the frog, Rana catesbeiana. AB - Lumps of electron-dense material were observed in synaptic clefts associated with all types of photoreceptors, in the vicinity of the synaptic ribbons, in the retinae of dark-adapted frogs. Frogs were reared under a cyclic illumination (light on at 8:00; light off at 20:00) and then exposed to one of two courses of dark adaptation: one started from 11:00 in the morning, and the other started from 20:00 in the evening. The synaptic clefts of red rods became wider at some places where spherical or polygonal lumps of dense material were accumulated. The frequency and sectional area of the lumps increased faster for the first hour in the regime starting from 20:00 than in the regime starting from 11:00, then they reached the similar saturation levels of about 0.6 (per ribbon) and 1.6 to 1.8 X 10(4) (nm2) in both the regimes. In green-rod synapses, plate-shaped lumps of dense material were present in synaptic clefts and interspaces between the processes of second-order neurons. In cone synapses at the end of about 1 h darkness, the frequency and area of the lumps reached maximum values of about 0.12 (per ribbon) and 9 X 10(3) (nm2) in the regime starting from 11:00 and, about 0.08 (per ribbon) and 4 X 10(3) (nm2) in the regime starting from 20:00. On exposure to light, the dense material abruptly disappeared from all types of photoreceptor synaptic clefts. Large dense-core vesicles, occasionally observed in light-adapted rod photoreceptor terminals, seem to participate in exocytosis of the dense material. The number of dense-core vesicles per synaptic ribbon in a terminal was about 0.55 at the end of 3 h light in the morning and about 1.28 at the end of 12 h light in the evening. The increased number of dense-core vesicles during the daytime may contribute to the faster accumulation of dense material in the synaptic clefts. Although the chemical identification or the functional significance of the electron-dense material remains unknown, it is interesting that this material showed a rise and fall in response to darkness and illumination. Also the fact that this material is clearly visible will be helpful for future analysis of frog photoreceptor synapses. PMID- 6607114 TI - Laminar flow due to venous valves masquerading as vein graft spasm. AB - Two cases of laminar flow at the venous valves were found to produce a tapered appearance of the vein grafts, similar to spasm, during angiography. This possibility should be kept in mind when considering the diagnosis of spasm in a vein graft during postoperative angiographic studies. In addition, the follow-up of these cases suggests that valves may predispose to later stenosis or occlusion of the vein grafts. PMID- 6607115 TI - Transcatheter embolization of a leaking pseudoaneurysm of saphenous vein aortocoronary bypass graft. AB - We present a case of successful transcatheter embolization of a leaking pseudoaneurysm of an autogenous saphenous vein aortocoronary graft that developed 9 years following bypass surgery. PMID- 6607116 TI - New chromosomal translocations correlate with specific immunophenotypes of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Cytogenetic analysis of leukemic cells obtained at diagnosis from 122 patients with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) disclosed chromosomal translocations in 36 cases. Two new nonrandom translocations were identified and found to be associated with specific immunophenotypes of the disease. The first, identified in 4 of 16 cases of T-cell ALL positive for sheep erythrocyte receptors (E+), involved the short arm (p) of chromosome 11 and the long arm (q) of chromosome 14 and was designated t(11;14) (p13;q13). The second, found in 7 of 23 cases with a pre-B-cell phenotype, involved the long arm of chromosome 1 and the short arm of chromosome 19; it was designated t(1;19) (q23;p13.3). A third abnormality involving a common breakpoint on chromosome 12 (band p 12) was also identified. These two new differentiation-specific translocations suggest a mechanism for aberrant expression of genes that influence lymphoid cell growth and development, as well as leukemogenesis. PMID- 6607117 TI - Purified lupus antigen La recognizes an oligouridylate stretch common to the 3' termini of RNA polymerase III transcripts. AB - The small ribonucleoproteins recognized by anti-La sera consist mainly of RNA polymerase III products complexed with an antigenic cellular protein of 50 kd. A biochemical procedure for purifying the La protein from HeLa cells is described. The interaction of the isolated protein with a collection of model tRNA precursors, generated by ligation of specific oligonucleotides to the 3' terminus of yeast tRNAPhe, was studied. The most stable complexes are formed with adducts possessing three or four terminal uridylate residues. Addition of a terminal phosphate, fragmentation of the RNA, or substitution of other nucleotides reduce the affinity for the La protein. The preferred terminal sequence recognized and bound by La protein is homologous to the transcriptional termination signal for RNA polymerase III. PMID- 6607118 TI - c-fos protein can induce cellular transformation: a novel mechanism of activation of a cellular oncogene. AB - The FBJ murine osteosarcoma virus (FBJ-MuSV) induces tumors in vivo and transformation in vitro. Transformation is due to the expression of a single viral protein (p55v-fos) which is encoded by sequences derived from mouse genetic material. The homologous cellular gene (c-fos) does not transform cultured cells after introduction by transfection. We show that even though the c-fos protein is completely different from the v-fos protein at its C terminus, it is capable of transforming cultured fibroblasts. However, activation of the transforming potential of the c-fos gene requires two manipulations--a transcriptional enhancer sequence must be linked to the gene and an interaction at the 3' end of the gene, which inhibits transformation, must be disrupted. Our studies show that normal cellular protein can induce transformation when expressed in an inappropriate cell type. PMID- 6607119 TI - Alteration of the chemotactic response of NIH/3T3 cells to PDGF by growth factors, transformation, and tumor promoters. AB - The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a potent chemoattractant for cells that respond to PDGF as a mitogen. The chemotactic response of these cells to PDGF is inversely related to their rate of proliferation, with quiescent cells exhibiting a 25-fold greater chemotactic response than exponentially growing cells. Factors that stimulate the growth of quiescent cells (EGF, FGF, PDGF, and serum) decrease the cells' migratory response to PDGF but not to fibronectin, suggesting that the decreased migration is not due to a general paralysis of cell motility. Transformed lines of NIH/3T3 cells lose their ability to respond to PDGF as a chemoattractant but can still migrate in response to fibronectin. Similarly, after treatment of 3T3 cells with the tumor-promoter phorbol myristate acetate, which induces a transformation-like phenotype, the cells no longer respond to PDGF as a chemoattractant but retain their migratory response to fibronectin. Thus it appears that the growth state of the cells can alter their migratory response to PDGF. These data suggest that growth factors, transformation, and tumor promoters specifically alter the cells' ability to respond to the PDGF-mediated chemotactic signal. It appears that both transformation and tumor promoters accomplish this by altering PDGF-binding to the cell surface. PMID- 6607120 TI - Gene transfer of H-2 class II genes: antigen presentation by mouse fibroblast and hamster B-cell lines. AB - We have transferred the mouse Ak alpha and Ak beta genes, which encode the class II I-Ak molecule, into mouse L-cell fibroblasts and hamster B cells. I-Ak molecules are expressed on the surface of both cell types. The L-cell and hamster B-cell I-Ak molecules appear normal by serological analyses and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, the I-Ak molecules on L cells can act as targets for the allogenic T-cell killing of the transformed L cells. The I-Ak molecules in both mouse fibroblasts and hamster B cells can present certain antigens to T-cell helper hybridomas. Thus only class II molecules are required to convert the nonantigen-presenting cell. Accordingly, it will be possible to dissect the structure-function relationships existing between Ia molecules, foreign antigen, and T-cell receptor molecules by in vitro site-directed mutagenesis and gene transfer. PMID- 6607121 TI - Role of monocytes/macrophages and interleukin 1 in antigen-induced human lymphokine production. AB - The monocyte/macrophage (M phi)-dependency for antigen-induced production of the lymphokine, leukocyte migration inhibitory factor (LIF), was investigated using a M phi pulse-exposure technique. M phi-depleted, purified T lymphocytes did not elaborate LIF in response to the recall antigen, tuberculin (PPD). Addition of M phi's pulsed with PPD rectified the response. Exposure of the M phi's down to 3 min, even at 0 degree C, was efficacious. PPD-exposed M phi's, either killed or rendered incapable of protein synthesis, failed to activate the T cells. However, PPD-exposed, killed M phi's triggered LIF production if exogenous interleukin 1 (IL-1) was provided. We suggest that M phi "presentation" of antigen in this test system is a passive albeit necessary, process; the requirement for M phi metabolism being confined to the elaboration of IL-1. Judged by the results of kinetic experiments, the latter stimulus appears to be mediated most effectively from 2 to 4 hr after antigenic challenge. PMID- 6607122 TI - Wheat germ agglutinin-resistant variant of EL4 containing altered oligosaccharides as a target cell for cytotoxic T cells. AB - A lectin-resistant variant of the murine EL4 lymphocytic leukemia cell line was selected in the presence of wheat germ agglutinin for low levels of cell-surface sialic acid. H-2Kb was the major internally radiolabeled H-2b molecule on the cell-surface of WD1, and it was not sialylated, as determined by two-dimensional gel analysis. Endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H treatment of the WD1 membrane fractions suggested that the oligosaccharides on the cell-surface H-2Kb molecule were complex, but nonsialylated. Monoclonal antibody inhibition of the allogeneically primed cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) reaction indicated that the T cells (BALB/c anti-EL4; H-2d anti-H-2b) were specific only for the H-2Kb target cell antigen. These WD1 variant cells were used as targets in the CMC assay using anti-H-2Kb T cells and compared with the parent EL4 in vitro line. The change in the cell-surface oligosaccharide did not affect the susceptibility to lysis by the cytotoxic T lymphocytes even though there were 2.5-fold more H 2Kb antigens on the WD1 variant cell (1.5 X 10(5) sites/cell) than on the parent EL4 in vitro cell (5.9 X 10(4) sites/cell). It was possible to isolate highly purified preparations of H-2Kb from either the EL4 or the WD1 line using a monoclonal antibody affinity column. Interestingly, the variant WD1 cell would no longer grow in the peritoneal cavity of the syngeneic C57BL/6 mouse. PMID- 6607123 TI - Thymic lymphocytes. II. Phenotypic modifications of thymocytes after concanavalin A stimulation in the presence of interleukin 2: early modifications of Lyt 1+2+ subset and later proliferation of cells with more mature phenotypes. AB - Cortical thymocytes are devoid of any immune function, as tested by presently available techniques. The ability of this subpopulation to respond to mitogens or antigens in the presence of interleukin 2 (IL-2) produced by activated mature T lymphocytes has been claimed but is still questioned. In an attempt to study the participation of the different thymocyte subsets and especially that of the cortical type, phenotypic modifications were examined during concanavalin A activation in the presence of IL-2. An immunofluorescent double labeling technique with anti-Lyt 1 and anti-Lyt 2 antibodies was used which led to the determination of four different phenotypes: Lyt 1+2+, Lyt 1+2-, Lyt 1-2+, and Lyt 1-2-. Careful analysis of cell viability in culture and expression of the results in absolute numbers of living cells per culture allowed us to follow modifications of small cellular subsets. Cultures of total thymocytes and PNA agglutinated (enriched in Lyt 1+2+ cells) and non-PNA-agglutinated cells (enriched in Lyt 1+2-, Lyt 1-2+, and Lyt 1-2- cells) were studied. It was shown that thymocyte activation began by early phenotypic modifications which took place within the first 2 hr of culture but only when Con A plus IL-2 were used. These modifications imply the reduction of the Lyt 1+2+ pool and a compensatory enhancement of Lyt 1-2+ and Lyt 1-2- cells, without modification of the total cell number or [3H]thymidine incorporation. These early phenotypic changes are interpreted as the modulation of antigens on the surface of Lyt 1+2+ cells. The second phase of thymocyte activation implies cell death (essentially Lyt 1+2+ cells) and cell proliferation. The cells which specifically proliferate in the presence of Con A and IL-2 are Lyt 1+2- and Lyt 1-2+, the latter always being present in greater number. Cell survival and absolute number of Lyt 1+2- and Lyt 1-2+ cells in the activated PNA- -enriched population are always higher than in total thymocyte and PNA+ cells cultures. Thus, if Lyt 1+2+ cortical thymocytes do not proliferate by themselves, they seem to intervene by providing Lyt 1-2+ cells which proliferate secondarily. PMID- 6607124 TI - Analysis of the effects of erythrocytes on mitogen-dependent clonal proliferation of murine B lymphocytes. AB - Addition of intact erythrocytes to semisolid agar cultures of murine B cells dramatically improves cloning efficiency and affects colony morphology. In this study, we investigated possible mechanisms through which this might occur. Specific modification of sheep erythrocyte (SRBC) membranes by treatment with trypsin but not other enzymes improved colony potentiation and erythrocytes from rats, mice, and humans were also effective after trypsin treatment. In addition, autoantibody-coated murine erythrocytes were superior to normal cells in this regard. These observations suggest that erythrocytes enhance lymphocyte survival and/or proliferation by means of particular membrane-mediated processes. The possible importance of erythrocytes as scavengers of toxic hydroxyl radicals was also investigated. Deliberately generated radicals formed by addition of dihydroxyfumaric acid and iron were effectively countered by addition of SRBC. More detailed analyses revealed that of several endogenously produced toxic species, hydrogen peroxide may be the most important under ordinary culture conditions. That is, addition of catalase but not superoxide dismutase or mannitol improved cloning efficiency in cultures lacking SRBC. These studies suggest that erythrocytes have a beneficial effect on lymphocyte survival and function in culture through at least two mechanisms. PMID- 6607125 TI - Production of alpha-lymphotoxin by human T-cell subsets. AB - Human T cells were isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and sensitized to allogeneic PBL in a one-way mixed-lymphocyte culture. These sensitized T cells were fractionated on the basis of their possession of Fc receptors for IgG (TG+) or IgM (TM+), or the absence of both IgG and IgM receptors (TG-M-). When restimulated with alloantigen of the same derivation, TG+, TM+, and TG-M- cells yielded almost equal amounts of cytotoxin. Anti-alpha lymphotoxin serum neutralized most of this cytotoxic activity indicating that alpha-lymphotoxin (alpha-LT) constituted most of this activity. Although TG-M- cells function as effectors in allogeneic cytotoxicity, TG+ cells lyse IgG-coated targets in an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic (ADCC) reaction, which has been shown to be mediated in part by alpha-LT. Whether TM+ cells can be cytotoxic is not clear. In addition, freshly isolated human T-cell subsets were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P). After PHA stimulation, TG+, TM+, and TG-M- cells produced similar amounts of soluble cytotoxin, which was largely neutralized by anti-alpha-LT. The TG+ cells incorporated less thymidine than the TM+ or TG-M- cells. Likewise, OKT4+ and OKT8+ subsets, isolated with the aid of monoclonal OKT8 or OKT4 antibody and complement, yielded lymphotoxin after stimulation with PHA. It is shown that all T-cell subsets, as defined here, can produce lymphotoxin. Furthermore, depending on the assay system, cytotoxicity can be clearly demonstrated in all of these subsets, except in TM+ cells, where positive and negative results have been reported. PMID- 6607126 TI - Elicitation of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice with the aid of pertussigen. AB - Pertussigen, one of the biologically active proteins from Bordetella pertussis, was found highly active as an adjuvant to promote the induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in (SJL X BALB/c)F1 mice that had received at the same time an injection of mouse spinal cord (MSC) homogenized in complete Freund's adjuvant containing 4 mg of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RA per milliliter (CFA-H37). In this system 2 mg of MSC induced EAE, but a dose of 4 mg was more effective. As little as 250 ng of pertussigen facilitated induction of EAE, and 400 ng uniformly did so. Pertussigen was most effective when given iv from 1 day before to 5 days after administration of MSC homogenized in CFA-H37, when a uniform and severe disease was induced 11-13 days after immunization. Pertussigen given as late as 20 days after MSC-CFA-H37 still precipitated a mild form of EAE which appeared 8-12 days after the injection of pertussigen. When pertussigen was given 5 days after immunization, a chronic, nonfatal type of EAE was induced, and this persisted for the entire 74 days of observation. Histologic findings in the brain and spinal cord 15 days after sensitization in mice which received pertussigen and developed EAE showed perivascular infiltrates consisting mainly of mononuclear cells. PMID- 6607127 TI - Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) modulation of human monocyte accessory cell function in promoting T-cell colonies: inability of LPS and IL-1 to abrogate the need for monocytes with high HLA-DR expression. AB - The abilities of human monocytes differentially expressing HLA-DR and of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to influence T-cell colony responses were investigated. Optimal T-cell colony responses stimulated by soluble Staph protein A were crucially dependent on monocytes. Also, monocyte facilitation of colony responses was markedly inhibited by 10 micrograms/ml LPS and the addition of indomethacin reversed this inhibition. In contrast the inhibition of T-cell colony responses with 100 micrograms/ml LPS was not reversed with indomethacin and preincubation experiments with high concentrations of LPS showed the inhibition could be mediated through T cells by mechanisms other than prostaglandins. The treatment of monocytes with a monoclonal anti-HLA-DR reagent + C reduced the frequencies of monocytes expressing high levels of HLA-DR approximately fivefold and the resulting monocytes which expressed low levels of HLA-DR also poorly functioned in the promotion of colony responses compared to controls. LPS in the presence of indomethacin improved the ability of monocytes expressing low levels of HLA-DR to promote colony responses. However, these monocytes consistently failed to augment colony responses to those levels observed with untreated monocytes and their failure was not secondary to deficient interleukin 1 release. These results indicate that although LPS can somewhat potentiate the accessory cell function of certain human monocytes, it cannot abrogate an additional requirement for those monocytes expressing high levels of HLA-DR. PMID- 6607128 TI - Migration of peripheral T and B cells into the thymus of aging (NZB X SJL)F1 female mice. AB - Aging NZB X SJL (NS) female mice provide a unique model of thymus pathology characterized by the intrathymic accumulation of large numbers of mature T and B cells. The purpose of the present work was to examine the possibility that this phenomenon results from the invasion of the thymus by cells from the periphery. Lymphoid cells labeled with chromium-51 or indium-111 were injected into syngeneic recipients to study their patterns of in vivo migration. Lymph node (LN) or spleen cells were found to localize significantly (1-2% of injected radioactivity) into the thymus of 12-month-old NS females but not into that of young recipients or of old NS males. However, intrathymic localization of injected LN cells was observed in castrated NS males which exhibit the same thymus pathology as NS females. Both radiolabeled T and B cells were found to enter the thymus of aged NS females but the latter cells about three times less efficiently than the former. Moreover, while thymocytes from young NS females were unable to recirculate to LN, those of old NS females showed increased LN seeking capacity and part (1%) of them did migrate back into the thymus of old but not young NS females. In additional cell transfer experiments, the intrathymic migration of B cells into old NS females was further documented by using the antibody response to sheep erythrocytes as a tracer. Taken together, these observations indicate that the thymus of aging NS female mice is permeable to recirculating lymphocytes, suggesting that at least part of the mature T and B cells detected in this thymus are migrants from the periphery. PMID- 6607129 TI - Functional studies on B-cell hybridomas with B-cell surface antigens. III. Differentiative response to phorbol esters. AB - Phorbol esters have been shown to induce differentiation of human lymphoid cells into the mature stage. Murine lymphocytes, however, have not been found to be induced the terminal differentiation by these products. In this study, TH2.52, a subclone of B-cell hybridomas between M12.4.1 B lymphoma of BALB/c mice and normal B cells of C57BL/6 (B6) mice was treated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate (TPA) and the differentiative effect of TPA was examined. TPA treatment inhibited the spontaneous proliferation of TH2.52 and induced significant IgM secretion by the hybrid. In contrast, M12.4.1 did not develop any IgM secretion when treated with TPA. The differentiative effect of phorbol esters on TH2.52 closely correlated with their tumor-promoting activity. In addition, the differentiative response of TH2.52 to TPA was completely blocked by retinoic acid (RA). Moreover, TH2.52 cells treated with TPA were demonstrated to decrease the expression of Iab, Iad molecules as well as IgM molecules on the cell membrane by analyses of flow microfluorometry (FMF) and quantitative absorption tests. On the other hand, Iad expression of M12.4.1 did not change under the same conditions. The result clearly demonstrates that TH2.52 cells can be induced to differentiate into IgM-secreting cells after treatment with TPA, followed by the decrease in the expression of B-cell surface antigens on the cell membrane. PMID- 6607130 TI - Paradoxical production of mouse thymocyte activating factor by ouabain-treated human mononuclear cells. AB - At concentrations as low as 10(-7) M, the cardiotonic glycosteroid ouabain, a specific inhibitor of the membrane Na+, K+-ATPase, is known to inhibit in vitro human lymphocyte proliferation produced in mixed lymphocyte cultures or induced by various stimulating agents (PHA, Con A, PWM, soluble antigens), while mouse lymphocyte proliferation is unaffected at this concentration. Ouabain inhibits most of proliferative response parameters at all stages of the transformation. This observation prompted us to suggest that ouabain could also act through inhibition of interleukin production which is known to occur during the first hours after T-cell stimulation in the presence of monocytes. In order to check the possible influence of ouabain on interleukin production, conditioned media from stimulated human mononuclear cells, prepared in the presence or in the absence of inhibitor, were tested for their ability to promote a mouse thymocyte response to PHA. Instead of the expected inhibition, we found that ouabain, even at high concentrations (2 X 10(-6) M) enhanced the stimulatory effect and/or the production of murine thymocyte activating factor(s). Moreover conditioned media from serum-free cultures of unstimulated human mononuclear cells exposed for 24 hr to low ouabain concentrations (10(-8) to 10(-7) M) showed a high activating effect on the response of murine thymocytes to PHA. This soluble factor produced upon ouabain treatment is produced by adherent cells and appears to be functionally similar to interleukin 1. PMID- 6607131 TI - Synergism of T lymphocyte subsets in the response to Mls-locus coded antigens during graft-versus-host reaction. AB - After transplantation of lymphoid cells into lethally irradiated (semi)allogeneic mice specific anti-host directed effector T cells are generated. This can be demonstrated using a delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) assay. In H-2 compatible combinations, Mls-locus antigens, but no other minor histocompatibility antigens, can induce the generation of such effector T cells. This paper shows that maximal anti-host DTH responses are obtained when the lymphoid cells transplanted constitute of a mixture of long-lived, recirculating T2 cells and short-lived, sessile T1 cells. It was demonstrated that anti-Mls locus-directed DTH effector T cells are the progeny of T2 cells, and that T1 cells amplify this response. The latter, however, are by themselves incapable of displaying anti-Mls DTH reactivity. The T1 cells were found to be of the Lyt-1+2+ phenotype, and the T2 cells of the Lyt-1+2- phenotype. The same Lyt phenotypes were found for T1 and T2 cells synergizing in the GvH reaction against H-2 alloantigens. PMID- 6607132 TI - Tolerance to viral antigens in Mov-13 mice carrying endogenized Moloney-murine leukemia virus. AB - In virus-positive (V+) C57BL/6 Mov-13 mice, Moloney-murine leukemia virus (M MuLV) is integrated into the germ line and expressed early in lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs. The pattern of immune reactivity to viral antigens in these mice was studied and compared to that of their virus-negative (V-) counterparts. Using a radioimmuno-binding or -precipitation assay, V- mice showed good antibody production after challenge with Moloney-murine sarcoma virus (M-MSV), but no antibodies were detected in V+ mice. Moreover, Mov-13 V+ mice failed to generate virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in secondary mixed-leukocyte tumor cell culture (MLTC) while V- mice showed a strong cytotoxic response. This lack of activity in mass V+ cultures was due to a very low frequency of CTL precursors which did not increase following in vivo challenge with M-MSV or in vitro stimulation with MBL-2 Moloney leukemia cell line. These findings indicate that early M-MuLV activation in Mov-13 V+ mice induces a state of tolerance to viral antigens involving both the humoral and cellular immune responses and related to the high incidence of T-cell lymphomas. PMID- 6607133 TI - Evoked potentials by means of temporary and permanent implanted spinal cord stimulating systems--preliminary report. PMID- 6607134 TI - Depression of contractility following stretches and releases applied during contraction to single frog atrial cardiac cells. AB - The effects of stretches and releases on the contractile performance of isolated single frog atrial cells (Rana catesbeiana) were investigated. A stretch or release was imposed on the cell--either during a contraction (test) or before the onset of contraction (control)--and the contractile performance (length, velocity and force) of the test contraction was compared with that of the control contraction to determine whether the stretch or release imposed on the contracting cell altered the contractility of the cell. We found that the velocity of cell (and sarcomere) shortening for the remainder of the test contraction following either a stretch or release was markedly less than that occurring at the same time in the control contraction. This decreased velocity occurred even though the force in the test contraction was less than that in the control contraction and the sarcomere length was longer in the test contraction than in the control contraction. These results indicate that after a stretch or release imposed on the contracting cell, the force-velocity relationship at any given length and time is depressed than had the stretch or release not been imposed on the contracting cell. Thus, stretches and releases applied to the contracting single cardiac cell either produce a long-term depression in the contractility of the cell, or that the contractility at any given time and sarcomere length depends markedly on the history of the contraction. PMID- 6607135 TI - Association between early graft patency and late outcome for patients undergoing artery bypass graft surgery. AB - For a group of 658 patients who received coronary artery bypass graft surgery, we investigated the correlation between the degree of early (6 months) graft patency and recurrence of anginal symptoms, late myocardial infarction, and postoperative coronary-related death. The patients were grouped according to the number of surgically placed grafts, and each group was further subgrouped on the basis of the number of grafts functioning at the early postsurgical follow-up examination. The patients were observed over a period as long as 13 years. The frequency with which angina returned correlated significantly with the degree of patency within each of the groups (one, two, three, or four grafts); patients with a higher percentage of patent grafts experienced longer periods of freedom from angina. On the average, patients with all of their multiple grafts patent experienced at least 7 more years of symptomatic relief than their counterparts with all grafts occluded. Most surprisingly, the rate of the return of angina for those patients who had all grafts patent and were completely revascularized was independent of the number of diseased vessels or the number of grafts placed. The findings for coronary death and postoperative infarction showed similar trends. PMID- 6607136 TI - The latency of serum acute phase proteins in meningococcal septicemia, with special emphasis on lactoferrin. AB - Serum lactoferrin concentrations were elevated in almost all children with meningococcal septicemia, in whom the disease had been clinically apparent for less than 18 hours, while the concentrations were normal or only moderately elevated in patients who had had the disease longer before being admitted. Concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) were markedly elevated, even with a time lapse of less than six hours, making this the most suitable parameter for the early diagnosis of severe meningococcal infection. Following an operative injury on children the lactoferrin concentrations changed very little. More than six hours after an operation, however, a marked increase in CRP-values was observed, possibly indicating differentiation of this response from that of bacterial infection. The concomitant study of serum alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1 antichymotrypsin, orosomucoid and haptoglobin did not uncover results of great significance with regard to early changes. PMID- 6607137 TI - Serum trypsin, alpha-amylase and lipase during bombesin stimulation in normal subjects and patients with pancreatic insufficiency. AB - The effect of infusion of bombesin (60 pmol/kg 20 min) on pancreatic enzymes in serum was studied in 13 normal subjects and 12 patients with pancreatic insufficiency. In normal subjects administration of bombesin induced large increases in serum trypsin (p less than 0.01), while serum total alpha-amylase and pancreatic alpha-amylase did not change and serum lipase showed only a modest rise (0.01 less than p less than 0.05). Patients with pancreatic insufficiency had significantly lower serum concentrations of all enzymes studied (p less than 0.01) and in such patients bombesin did not change the concentrations of pancreatic enzymes in serum. It is concluded that determination of the serum trypsin response to bombesin may be of help in the diagnosis of pancreatic insufficiency. PMID- 6607138 TI - Plasma disappearance of ovine corticotrophin-releasing factor in man. AB - Disappearance of immunoreactive ovine corticotrophin-releasing factor (IR-oCRF) from plasma after a single intravenous injection of ovine corticotrophin releasing factor (oCRF) was studied in man in the morning and evening. Synthetic oCRF (80 micrograms) was injected intravenously to four normal male volunteers at 0900 h or at 2200 h. Blood samples were drawn before and 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after the oCRF injection. Plasma IR-oCRF was measured by a specific radioimmunoassay for OCRF. Plasma concentrations of IR-oCRF after oCRF injections in the morning and in the evening did not differ significantly (P greater than 0.05). Disappearance of IR-oCRF was modelled with a two-exponent function by using a non-linear least squares computer program. The metabolic clearance rate, the apparent initial volume of distribution, the plasma half-life for the fast component and that for the slow component calculated from all eight tests in the morning and evening were 1.49 +/- 0.05 ml/min X kg, 44.4 +/- 1.7 ml/kg, 6.8 +/- 0.7 min and 46.2 +/- 2.3 min (mean +/- SEM), respectively. This relatively long half-life may be responsible for the prolonged biological effect of oCRF administered intravenously. There were no significant differences between parameters of IR-oCRF disappearance curves in the morning and those in the evening (P greater than 0.05). PMID- 6607140 TI - ANF-negative SLE. PMID- 6607139 TI - Studies of the androgen receptor in dispersed fibroblasts: investigation of patients with androgen insensitivity. AB - The practical application of a simple, reproducible androgen receptor assay using dispersed fibroblasts is described for the investigation of patients with the androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS). The concentration of androgen receptors (Bmax) in genital skin fibroblasts derived from normal subjects is 814 +/- 168 X 18 moles/microgram DNA (mean +/- SD) and the binding affinity (Kd) is 0.91 +/- 0.26 X 10(-10)M at 37 degrees C, using [3H]-5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) as the labelled ligand. Studies in patients with phenotypic signs of complete or partial AIS showed either absent (receptor-negative), decreased (receptor deficient) or normal/increased (receptor-positive) specific binding of DHT to the receptor. In some mutant cell lines, there was evidence of thermolability and increased rate constant of dissociation of the androgen-receptor complex, suggesting a possible structural abnormality of the receptor protein. This simple receptor assay can be used to delineate quantitative and qualitative defects of the androgen receptor in a significant number of patients with a wide spectrum of phenotypic abnormalities associated with androgen resistance. PMID- 6607141 TI - Liposome facilitated xenogeneic approach for studying human colon cancer immunity: carrier and adjuvant effect of liposomes. AB - Liposomes prepared with human LS174T colon tumour cell membranes induce specific primary xenogeneic immune responses in BALB/c splenocytes in vitro. Characterization of the adjuvant role of these liposomes was accomplished by determining the effect on immune induction of several modifications on the liposomal carrier. The results showed that the carrier effect of liposomes was mediated primarily by tumour antigens exposed on the outer surface. Trypsin treatment of the liposomes eliminated 95% of the surface protein and significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced the ability of liposomes to induce cytotoxic splenocytes. The generation of cytolytic activity with liposomes was dose-dependent, with a 10 micrograms protein threshold and a maximal response at 100 micrograms. 'Rigid' liposomes were shown to be significantly (P less than 0.05) more efficacious than fluid liposomes in inducing cytotoxicity. In addition, the data indicate that the xenogeneic cell-mediated immunity exhibits identical classes of effector cells as found in murine-murine reactions. Lymphocytes bearing the THY-1, Lyt-1 and Lyt-2 surface markers were necessary for immune induction. The role of Lyt-123 subpopulation was suggested by the inability to achieve normal cytolytic levels by reconstitution with Lyt-1 plus Lyt-2 cells. Adherent cells were, as expected, necessary for the generation of primary immunity. Indeed, the interaction of I-A+ adherent cells with liposomes for at least 8 h was required to generate subsequent maximal T cell cytotoxic activity. The phenotype of the cytotoxic effector cell was Thy-1+, Lyt-2+, and I Ad-. If this were an allo-or syngeneic, and not a xenogeneic system, this study would be of less interest. However, when coupled with the known molecular homologies between murine and human lymphocyte antigens, these results suggest that the concept of cross species major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction is tenable. Thus the liposome is not only an effective antigen carrier, but also a functional adjuvant for in vitro induced cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 6607143 TI - HLA-B27 and the immune response to enterobacterial antigens in ankylosing spondylitis. AB - Total serum immunoglobulins and class specific serum antibodies to Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium, Yersinia enterocolitica and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were measured in 107 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and 110 healthy tissue typed controls by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The specificity of this technique was confirmed by the use of specific bacterial murine antisera and by cross-absorption of human sera by specific bacteria. Total serum IgA in AS patients correlated with both erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (P less than 0.001) and C-reactive protein (P less than 0.05) and was significantly elevated compared to healthy individuals (P less than 0.001). A significant elevation of IgA antibodies to K. pneumoniae was detected in the serum of AS patients with active disease when compared to healthy controls (P less than 0.01). These studies support the involvement of an enterobacterial micro-organism in the pathogenesis of AS and further relate to the role of HLA B27 in this disease. PMID- 6607142 TI - Murine lupus nephritis: effects of cyclophosphamide on circulating and tissue bound immunoreactants. AB - We investigated the effects of cyclophosphamide (Cy) on immunoreactants of plasma and kidney of mice with lupus nephritis. Cy therapy decreased plasma concentrations of IgG, but not the concentrations of anti-DNA antibodies, C3, and C1q reactive materials; in glomeruli deposits of immunoreactants were mesangial in location and decreased overall. Although Cy arrested the nephritis of NZB/W mice, the anti-DNA activity in the renal eluates was very low and comparable in untreated and in treated mice. Immune complex systems other than, or in addition to, DNA-anti-DNA are likely to play a role in the pathogenesis and course of murine lupus nephritis. PMID- 6607144 TI - Evidence for B cell activation in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes and in some cases synovial eluate cells from 51 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), were analysed for the percentages of cells bearing surface light chains (total B cells), IgM and IgD. In addition, their capacity to form rosettes with mouse erythrocytes (mRFC)--a property of a B cell subpopulation--was determined. Activity of the disease was assessed by clinical and laboratory criteria and classified as very active, moderately active and inactive. Normal, age and sex matched individuals and a group of patients with a variety of other rheumatological disorders, were used as control populations. Although there was no significant difference in percentages of total B cells in any of the groups compared with normal controls, there was a small but significant increase in the ratio of cells bearing IgM to those bearing IgD in patients with very active disease. This was paralleled by a significant decrease in the mRFC in this disease activity group. Patients with inactive disease showed no change in their proportions of IgM:IgD, but did show a significant increase in mRFC. These results are discussed in terms of the presence of activated B cells in patients with very active RA. PMID- 6607145 TI - The in vivo and in vitro glomerular deposition of isolated anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies in NZB/W mice. AB - Employing a hydroxyapatite double-stranded (ds) DNA column for affinity chromatography, anti-ds-DNA antibodies were isolated from the sera of aging NZB/W mice. These antibodies were radiolabeled and injected intravenously into NZB/W mice at various ages. Significant deposition of radiolabeled antibodies were shown to occur in NZB/W mice 4 months of age and older. While the injected antibodies displayed heterogeneity in their isoelectric points (pI's), those antibodies which bound to the kidney were restricted to a more alkaline pI range. Glomerular cultures were prepared from NZB/W mice at various ages and incubated with radiolabeled anti-ds-DNA antibodies with restricted pI's. Antibodies having pI's between 7 and 9 bound in vitro to glomeruli obtained from 9-month-old NZB/W mice but not to glomeruli obtained from 2-month-old mice. In contrast, antibodies with pI's between 5 and 7 were unable to bind to glomeruli obtained from either age group. An exchange between free antibodies and antibodies bound to glomeruli was also demonstrated to occur in vitro. These findings suggest the presence of subpopulations of anti-ds-DNA antibodies which preferentially bind to glomeruli containing immune complexes. PMID- 6607146 TI - Lymphocytotoxic antibodies in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). AB - The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) manifested by opportunistic infections or Kaposi's sarcoma is a newly recognized and often fatal disease. Three patients seen in Syracuse, New York, were noted to have lymphopenia and persistent serum lymphocytotoxic antibodies (LCTAs). In a double blinded study, 25 serum samples were coded and sent to us by the Centers for Disease Control Task Force on Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections. Samples from 5 patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, 5 patients with Kaposi's sarcoma, 5 presumably healthy homosexual males, 5 presumably healthy heterosexual males, and 5 presumably healthy heterosexual females were included. Of the ten AIDS patients, nine had "positive" or "suspicious" results on testing for lymphocytotoxic antibodies. The five heterosexual male and five heterosexual female controls had "negative" results. Of the five homosexual male "controls," three had "positive" or "suspicious" LCTA results. Two of these three "controls" were available for follow-up. Both showed deficiencies in studies of their cell mediated immunity. Lymphocytotoxic antibodies may participate in the ongoing immunodeficiency seen in AIDS. PMID- 6607147 TI - Recognition of metastatic bone disease in cancer of the breast by computed tomography. AB - Computed tomography has been used to evaluate the significance of positive bone scans in 44 patients with carcinoma of the breast. Of patients with apparently early cancer of the breast who had a positive bone scan 76% were found to have benign joint disease, while 33% of patients who developed a positive bone scan after mastectomy also had benign disease on CT scan. Seventy five per cent of patients with apparently early disease but a positive bone scan who were shown to have metastases died within 30 months. All the patients have been followed for 5 years and only one false positive CT scan was reported. PMID- 6607148 TI - A fibrin adhesive seal for the repair of osteochondral fracture fragments. AB - A biologic tissue adhesive, a two-component fibrin sealant, for the immobilization of experimentally produced osteochondral fractures of the radial head and femoral condyle was investigated in dogs. The two components of the fibrin sealant were a sealer protein solution (fibrinogen) and a thrombin solution. A fibrinolytic inhibitor (C-esterase inhibitor) was added to prevent degradation of the fibrin by proteolytic enzymes. The operation was performed in 16 joints in four dogs. Control fractures on the right side were fixed with 5-cm Kirschner wires. No external immobilization was utilized. The dogs were killed at intervals of two, four, and eight weeks. There were no complications. All fractures healed uneventfully by eight weeks. Osseous repair seemed to be stimulated by the sealant and to occur faster than in the fractures fixed with pins. PMID- 6607149 TI - Chronic arthritis in children. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is best defined as the condition of chronic synovitis in children. Such chronic childhood arthritis probably includes several distinct disease processes. Recognizable subgroups are systemic-onset disease (20%), rheumatoid factor-negative polyarthritis (25%), rheumatoid factor-positive polyarthritis (5%), pauciarthritis associated with antinuclear antibodies and chronic iridocyclitis (30%-35%), and pauciarthritis associated with sacroiliitis and HLA-B27 (10%-15%). Rheumatoid factor-positive polyarthritis appears to be the childhood equivalent of classic adult rheumatoid arthritis; the pauciarthritis associated with HLA B27 appears to be closely related to the spondyloarthropic diseases. Although there are no diagnostic laboratory tests, various subgroups differ in immunogenetic findings as well as in clinical appearance and prognosis. A wide variety of conditions (infectious diseases, childhood malignancies, genetic and congenital conditions, and noninflammatory musculoskeletal lesions) can mimic JRA and must be considered in the differential diagnosis. The outlook for most children with JRA is good; fewer than 20% have progressive destructive disease (generally those with rheumatoid factor-positive or systemic-onset disease). Therapy rests on the conservative use of antirheumatic drugs, active physical therapy programs, maintenance of activities, and attention to the psychosocial development of the whole child. Orthopedic surgery can be helpful, particularly in the rehabilitation of children who have suffered severe joint destruction or deformity. Combined orthodontic and oral surgery therapy can restore function and appearance for young people with the micrognathia of temporomandibular joint involvement. PMID- 6607150 TI - [Case of herpes zoster ophthalmicus with contralateral hemiplegia and normal pressure hydrocephalus]. PMID- 6607151 TI - Prostaglandins cause an increase in serum acute-phase proteins in man, which is diminished in systemic sclerosis. AB - The prostaglandin E1 increases the plasma concentration of acute-phase proteins in man and decreases the concentration of certain carrier proteins. This response is greatly diminished in patients with systemic sclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease leading to fibrosis. These findings pose new questions about the mediation of the acute-phase response and its role in controlling the inflammatory process. PMID- 6607152 TI - Mini-computer programs for bioequivalence testing of pharmaceutical drug formulations in two-way cross-over studies. Including a survey of current parametric evaluation techniques. AB - For bioequivalence testing of pharmaceutical formulations of the same drug entity, it is not sufficient to carry out an analysis of variance on the characteristic to be evaluated (e.g., area under the plasma level vs time curve, half-life of elimination, time to plasma-peak level, plasma peak level) and to establish 'classical' 95% confidence intervals for the difference or the ratio of the characteristic concerned. In the past 10 years, several approaches have been proposed as an aid in decision-making: Westlake's 95% intervals, Rodda and Davis' probabilities, Fluehler's posterior probability histograms and the evaluation of the residual variation coefficient. A survey of these approaches is given, together with a discussion of their merits, their differences and their similarities. It is recommended that the final evaluation should be supported by probability density plots, which facilitate easy understanding of the differences and similarities between the various approaches. A bioequivalence study with two types of oral tablets containing bepridil, a new anti-anginal drug, is used as an example. Computer programs are presented, which enable the user to easily apply the various approaches in order to meet requirements of regulatory agencies. PMID- 6607154 TI - [Industrial and pharmaceutical novelties. Solupsan]. PMID- 6607153 TI - Pulmonary manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). AB - Fifteen patients with AIDS were hospitalized on the pulmonary service during the period from 1981 to 1983. We were impressed with the frequency and severity of lung involvement in these patients and evaluated them with respect to their pulmonary manifestations of AIDS. The 13 men and two women had a mean age of 32 years. Ten were active intravenous drug abusers with a mean drug use of 8.1 years. All presented with profound weight loss, ten with nonproductive cough, and eight with significant dyspnea. Fourteen of 15 patients had Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) at the time of our evaluation. Chest radiographs in these 14 patients showed no uniform pattern which was predictive of PCP. However, all 13 patients tested had a widened alveolar arterial oxygen gradient (mean: 59 mm Hg) which correlated well with the presence of PCP. The most common pulmonary finding in our AIDS patients was infection: 14 had PCP which was readily diagnosed by transbronchial lung biopsy in eight patients, and five patients were found to have disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare which often developed after "recovery" from PCP. Therapy for PCP with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ) was unsuccessful in eight of ten patients; four of these eight TMP/SMZ failures responded to pentamidine. Mortality was 100 percent in patients who had AIDS for more than one year, and 70 percent in those less than one year. Despite some symptomatic responses to therapy for pulmonary infections, the mortality in AIDS seems to be unaffected by appropriate therapy for the pulmonary manifestations of this disease. PMID- 6607155 TI - [Management of chronic pain conditions--neurosurgical aspects]. PMID- 6607157 TI - The argument for aspirin as the NSAID of choice in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - In view of their costliness, the use of newer NSAIDs is justified if they are demonstrably more effective, less toxic, or better tolerated than aspirin (ASA). However, there is no evidence that any is more effective than ASA, and their widely assumed comparable effectiveness has not been demonstrated convincingly. In terms of clinically meaningful overt and even occult gastrointestinal blood loss, ASA is indistinguishable from the newer NSAIDs. Most NSAIDs evoke fewer unpleasant gastrointestinal symptoms than ASA does, although current recording of such symptoms has magnified the ASA experience. Prescribing a new NSAID before ASA requires a heuristic assertion of comparable effectiveness, misconception of overt toxicities, and belief in the meaningfulness of data demonstrating differential tolerance. The trade-off is increased expense and unknown long-term toxicity. PMID- 6607156 TI - [Management of chronic pain conditions--anesthesiologic aspects]. PMID- 6607158 TI - Other NSAIDs of choice for rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Aspirin is an effective antiinflammatory and analgesic agent. Pain relief is achieved with relatively modest doses, far below those necessary for inflammation control. The patient reacts to the need for pain relief and will take fewer aspirin than prescribed because the lower dosage is better tolerated and less expensive. This often obviates the wanted effects. This pain-inflammation gap does not exist for most nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), in which analgesic and antiinflammatory doses approximate each other. The range of toxic effects from aspirin is larger than that for nonsteroidal drugs. Gastric erosions and bleeding are far more prevalent with aspirin. Other organ systems are involved more by aspirin than by other drugs, and, in osteoarthritis, aspirin actually may militate against recovery by interfering with glycosaminoglycan synthesis. PMID- 6607159 TI - Factors determining efficacy of NSAIDs. AB - This article reviews the efficacy of NSAIDs and their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. The assumption that classic pharmacokinetic dose/plasma concentration response relationships can be applied to NSAIDs has tenuous support in the biomedical literature. Comparative efficacy studies, using ASA and indomethacin as the standards for comparison, ignore the fact that the major outcome variables are subjective responses among patients, not among drugs. Comparing inhibition of platelet malonyldialdehyde, synovial drug concentrations, urinary prostaglandin metabolites, and plasma free and total concentration with the clinical outcome provides no guidelines to serve as predictors of response. The individual agents, indomethacin, salicylates, sulindac, piroxicam, and naproxen, illustrate the complexities of NSAID pharmacotherapy. Recent proliferation of newer NSAIDs will not add significantly to the efficacy of these agents in the treatment of pain and inflammatory disease states. However, knowledge of pharmacokinetic population parameters for the individual NSAIDs will increase the likelihood of therapeutic success and diminish the possibilities for adverse reactions. PMID- 6607160 TI - Nonrheumatologic uses of NSAIDS. AB - Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have several salient indications outside of their role in rheumatology. Two major uses are treatment of dysmenorrhea and patent ductus arteriosus. Other established roles encompass treatment of fever, pain, Bartter's syndrome, and thromboembolic disorders. Animal and human studies are being done on the use of NSAIDs in cancer, diabetes, psoriasis, and shock, just to name a few investigative areas. NSAIDs are not a panacea nor are they wonder drugs to be used indiscriminately. When these drugs first were marketed in the 1970s, they were considered safe agents with little toxicity. However, the side-effect profile of the NSAIDs has been, and continues to be, better identified over the past few years and warrants judicious use of these drugs. Their adverse effects potentially include gastric distress (possibly hemorrhage), allergic urticaria or bronchospasm in asthma patients, azotemia, arrested labor, skin reactions, and water retention. NSAIDs are relatively safe agents with a growing list of new indications. Future clinical evaluation holds the key to the balance between their emerging toxicities and indications. PMID- 6607161 TI - Distribution of blood lead, blood cadmium, urinary cadmium, and urinary arsenic levels in employees of a copper smelter. AB - A cross-sectional medical examination of a copper smelter work force included determination of blood lead (Pb-B), zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP), blood cadmium (Cd B), urinary cadmium (Cd-U), and urinary arsenic (As-U), since it was known that such metal impurities were present in the copper concentrate. A total of 776 copper smelter employees (680 active and 96 retirees and ex-employees) were examined. Another 144 men, never employed in the smelter, but who had worked in copper mines (and sometimes in gold mines) were also examined. Mean Pb-B, ZPP, Cd B, and As-U were significantly higher in active copper smelter employees than in retirees or miners, indicating exposure and absorption in the copper smelter. Significant correlations between Pb-B and Cd-B, and Cd-U and As-U were present, confirming the common source of absorption. Although there was evidence for an increased lead absorption, this was very moderate, with practically no Pb-B levels in excess of 60 micrograms/dl. A marked effect of smoking on blood cadmium levels was present; nevertheless, for all smoking categories Cd-B levels were significantly higher in active employees, indicating the independent contribution of exposure to cadmium in the smelter. Cd-U did not exceed 10 micrograms/g creatinine, the generally accepted "critical" level for the kidney, but was higher than 2 micrograms/g creatinine, a level very rarely exceeded in the general population, in a sizable proportion of those examined. The highest Cd-U levels were found in retired copper smelter employees; age might have been a contributing factor, besides a longer duration of exposure in the smelter. PMID- 6607162 TI - Synthesis and properties of NBD-n-acylcholines, fluorescent analogs of acetylcholine. AB - We have synthesized a homologous series of fluorescent analogs of acetylcholine, N-7-(4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazolyl)-omega-amino-n-alkanoic acid beta (N,N,N trialkylammonium) ethylesters (NBD-n-acylcholines) and report here on their physiological and biochemical properties. All NBD-n-acylcholines trimethylated at the cholinergic nitrogen are agonists of acetylcholine at the frog neuromuscular junction. Their potencies in depolarizing frog muscle cells decrease with decreasing chain length. The affinities of binding to the purified receptor from Electrophorus electricus also decrease with decreasing chain length with a large drop in affinity for the derivatives n = 4 and n = 3. The rate constants of association to acetylcholine receptor and to acetylcholine esterase are of the order of 10(8) M-1 S-1 and do not vary significantly with the chain length of the NBD-n-acylcholines. In contrast, the dissociation rate constants decrease with increasing chain length. The quenching of fluorescence of NBD-n-acylcholines accompanying binding to purified receptor and esterase from E. electricus appears to be due to the formation of a hydrogen bond between the omega-amino group as donor and an unidentified acceptor group in a hydrophobic pocket of the protein. With their advantageous fluorescence properties, their simple pharmacology, and their clear structure-function relationships, these compounds are useful tools for the study of cholinergic mechanisms. PMID- 6607163 TI - The calcium paradox in isolated frog heart: Ringer revisited. AB - Restoration of a normal calcium concentration in the perfusate of isolated hearts after a short period of calcium-free perfusion may result in irreversible cell damage (calcium paradox). We have compared the calcium paradox in rat and frog hearts. Perfusion with zero calcium for 8 min at 37 degrees C predisposed the rat heart to the paradox. After the reintroduction of calcium to the perfusate resting tension rose, developed tension did not recover, ultrastructural changes occurred and enzyme loss was substantial. In the frog heart a calcium paradox did not occur after 8 min of calcium-free perfusion at 23 degrees C. Removal of both potassium and calcium caused a rise in resting tension on reintroduction of control solution, but the rise was only transient and absent if potassium was present during the perfusion with zero calcium. At 37 degrees C no complete calcium paradox occurred after 8 min calcium-free perfusion. Only a small rise in resting tension was apparent, and developed tension partially recovered. A calcium paradox could only be induced in the frog heart after calcium-free perfusion at 37 degrees C for 30 min. Ultrastructural changes were apparent and resting tension rose but even under these conditions the recovery of developed tension was not abolished. Release of creatine kinase was 161 +/- 55 IU/g dry tissue during the 15 min after reintroduction of calcium (n = 5). Calcium-free perfusion for 8 min resulted in a smaller release of creatine kinase over 15 min (39 +/- 11 IU/g dry tissue. n = 5).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6607164 TI - Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in only one of identical twins. Case report with study of cell-mediated immunity. AB - A case of identical twins is reported in which only 1 was affected by subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. The affected twin showed a defect of cellular immunity, mainly a decrease of T lymphocytes. This defect therefore appears to be a consequence and not a genetic determinant of the disease. PMID- 6607165 TI - Penetration of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole into skin blister fluid. AB - In 32 patients the concentrations of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in whole blood, plasma and skin blister fluid were studied in the course of treatment with co-trimoxazole and trimethoprim alone. Measurements were taken on the fourth day of treatment, 3 h after administration of the morning dose of the drug. The blood contained a lower concentration of sulfamethoxazole than plasma. About 70% of the sulfonamide penetrated into the exudate from plasma. Trimethoprim administered conjointly with sulfamethoxazole to a higher degree penetrated skin blister fluid to a greater extent than when given alone. PMID- 6607166 TI - Public and individual idiotopes in the anti-poly(Glu60, Ala30, Tyr10) response: analysis by monoclonal antibodies. AB - From BALB/c mice immunized with anti-GAT monoclonal antibody (mAb) G5, we have obtained anti-idiotypic mAb against individual (or private) idiotopes, expressed by G5 as well as anti-GAT mAb, that are heteroclitic because they recognize poly (Glu50, Tyr50) (GT) better than poly(Glu60, Ala30, Tyr10) (GAT). From BALB/c mice immunized with BALB/c polyclonal anti-GAT antibodies, anti-idiotypic mAb directed against public idiotopes expressed following GAT immunization in all individuals of all mouse strains tested have been obtained. Nine anti-idiotypic mAb were studied in detail. One of these mAb recognizes only polyclonal anti-GAT antibodies; the other eight recognize polyclonal anti-GAT antibodies and anti-GAT mAb. The distribution of the structures recognized by the different anti idiotypic mAb on a battery of 20 anti-GAT mAb allows definition of two families of public idiotopes. PMID- 6607167 TI - Accessory functions and mutual cooperation of murine macrophages and dendritic cells. AB - In this study the antigen-presenting functions of murine splenic dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages (M phi) have been compared. DC and M phi were pulsed with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and found to contain approximately 92% and 50% Ia positive cells, respectively. The two KLH-pulsed cell populations had almost equal ability to stimulate KLH-immune T cells. The antigen-presenting functions of DC and M phi were compared by measuring the capacity of KLH-pulsed, UV irradiated cells, which failed to secrete interleukin 1 (IL 1), to stimulate KLH immune T cells when each culture was supplemented with an equal amount of exogenous IL 1. The antigen-presenting capacity of DC was always greater than that of M phi. Coculturing of the two kinds of accessory cells upon KLH pulsing resulted in enhanced antigen-presenting capacity of the mixture relative to the same number of each accessory cell type. That is, collaboration between them in antigen presentation was clearly observed. However, direct contact between DC and M phi was not obligatory for this collaboration. Furthermore, we found that different types of soluble factors released by each of them might be responsible for the collaboration. In addition, supernatants of concanavalin A-stimulated spleen cells augmented the antigen-presenting function of only M phi. Finally, the antigen-presenting function of DC and M phi from athymic mice was almost the same as that from control mice. PMID- 6607168 TI - Ontogeny of surface markers on functionally distinct T cell subsets in the chicken. AB - Three subsets of chicken peripheral T cells (T1, T2 and T3) have been identified in peripheral blood of adult chickens on the basis of fluorescence intensity after staining with certain xenogeneic anti-thymus cell sera (from turkeys and rabbits). They differentiate between 3-10 weeks of age in parallel with development of responsiveness to the mitogens concanavalin A (Con A), phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Functional tests on the T subsets, sorted with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter, have shown that T2, 3 cells respond to Con A, PHA and PWM and are capable of eliciting a graft-vs.-host reaction (GvHR). In contrast, although T1 cells respond to Con A, they respond poorly to PHA and not at all to PWM or in GvHR. There was some indication of cooperation between T1 and T2,3 cells for the PHA response. Parallels between these chicken subsets and helper and suppressor/cytotoxic subsets in mammalian systems are discussed. PMID- 6607169 TI - Physiology of IgD. III. Effect of treatment with anti-IgD from birth on the magnitude and isotype distribution of the immune response in the spleen. AB - Continued treatment with monoclonal anti-IgD (Ig-5a) from birth in BALB/c mice causes a markedly increased responsiveness to i.v. injected dinitrophenylated ovalbumin (DNP-OVA) with Bordetella pertussis at the age of 8 weeks. The 19S plaque-forming cell (PFC)/spleen response is particularly enhanced, 6-8-fold, but all the other isotypes also show increases of 2-6-fold, including IgA and IgE. Both primary and secondary PFC responses and serum antibody titers are enhanced. After transfer of spleen cells from anti-Ig-treated mice to irradiated recipients the IgM/IgG ratio becomes similar to that of controls. In contrast, the response of anti-IgD-treated mice to i.p. immunization with either 0.2 or 100 micrograms DNP-OVA plus alum is reduced by approximately 80% for each Ig isotype except IgM and remains low upon transfer of spleen cells to recipients. It is concluded that the paucity of B cells in peripheral lymph nodes of the anti-IgD-treated mice causes the low responsiveness to i.p. immunization, but that the IgD- B cells in the spleen are quite able to respond and are, in fact, more responsive than IgD+ B cells. This increased responsiveness, together with the higher IgM/IgG ratios for all Ig isotypes and an otherwise similar order of isotype distribution (gamma 1 greater than gamma 2b greater than gamma 2a = epsilon greater than or equal to alpha) as in controls, suggests that a hyperresponsive, but less mature IgD- B cell population is selectively produced in the spleens of mice treated with anti IgD from birth. PMID- 6607170 TI - The expressed lysozyme-specific B cell repertoire. I. Heterogeneity in the monoclonal anti-hen egg white lysozyme specificity repertoire, and its difference from the in situ repertoire. AB - A panel of closely and distantly related lysozymes and lysozyme-peptide fragments were utilized in assessing the specificity repertoire of murine anti-hen egg white lysozyme hybridomas. The 44 monoclonal antibodies could be divided into a minimum of 18 fine specificity groups in tests using the lysozyme panel. Two hybridoma products were specific for epitopes containing amino acids 68 and 121, respectively; and another was specific for an epitopes containing amino acids 113 114. Several hybridomas demonstrated unique heteroclitic binding, for example, to bob-white lysozyme (BEL), but not other closely related lysozymes, suggesting lysine at position 68 in BEL as an important residue of recognition. Radioimmunoassay using lysozyme peptides bound to plastic plates specified the regional specificity of 6 additional antibodies of the 44. A comparison of the specificities of monoclonal antibodies with antibody produced in vivo showed some major differences suggesting that those cells proceeding on to antibody formation in the regulatory milieu of the whole animal are a selected subpopulation. PMID- 6607171 TI - [4-way bred rats as experimental animals]. AB - The present study is an attempt to utilize hybrids among several inbred strains of rats as useful animals for the studies of effectiveness and toxicology on drugs., Four-way crosses were made among the LEW, WM, F344 and DRY strains of rats, and their characteristics were examined. From the breeding data of diallel crosses among these four strains and reciprocal crosses among their F1 hybrids, the mating type indicating the highest reproductivity was (LEW X WM) F1 X (F344 X DRY) F1. These four-way crosses were designated as LWFD. The reproductivity of this mating type was exceedingly higher than those of four strains. In order to examine the susceptibility to thiamine hydrochloride, the acute toxicity test was practiced in inbred strains, F1 hybrids and four-way crosses. As a result, in spite of highly heterogeneous population, the LWFD did not show a peculiar response in comparison with four strains and their F1 hybrids. Furthermore, hematological and clinico-biochemical values of the LWFD did not show a large variability as presumed. From these results, it is suggested that hybrids such as four-way crosses among inbred strains can be used as useful animals for the studies of effectiveness and toxicology on drugs. PMID- 6607172 TI - The correlation between plasminogen activator activity and thymidine incorporation in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. Opposing actions of colony-stimulating factor, phorbol myristate acetate, dexamethasone and prostaglandin E. AB - Plasminogen activator activity and [3H]thymidine incorporation were studied in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. The two activities correlated closely in the presence of stimulatory (colony-stimulating factor, phorbol myristate acetate, PMA) and inhibitory (dexamethasone, prostaglandin E1) signals. The actions of dexamethasone and prostaglandin E1 could be overcome by either stimulatory agent, so that the net effect was an alteration in sensitivity of the macrophages to colony-stimulating factor, or PMA. The sensitivity of bone marrow derived macrophages to CSF-1 was also reduced by the addition of small numbers of CSF-1 unresponsive peritoneal macrophages. Plasminogen activator induction was not a sufficient signal for [3H]thymidine incorporation which requires an additional macromolecular serum component. The serum component was found not to be plasminogen. PMID- 6607173 TI - Enhancement of human T lymphocyte colony formation by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). AB - The effects of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on human T lymphocyte lymphocyte colony formation in vitro were investigated. The number of T lymphocyte colonies was increased 4-5 times over that of controls by the addition of TPA (10(-7) - 10(-9) M) to phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-containing cultures. Few colonies were observed when stimulated with TPA in the absence of PHA. In the cultures containing a sufficient amount of exogenous T cell growth factor (TCGF), the enhancement of T lymphocyte colony formation by TPA was not observed. TPA enhanced TCGF production by peripheral lymphocytes stimulated with PHA. The optimal concentrations of TPA for T lymphocyte colony formation were similar to those for TCGF production. These findings suggest that TPA enhanced T lymphocyte colony formation by stimulating endogenous TCGF production. Interestingly, T lymphocyte colony formation was not inhibited even at high concentrations of TPA that usually inhibit myeloid and erythroid colony formation. This difference may be due to different sensitivities to TPA between T lymphocyte colony-forming cells and myeloid and erythroid colony-forming cells. PMID- 6607174 TI - The granulopoietic effect of human urinary colony stimulating factor on normal and cyclophosphamide treated mice. AB - A practically endotoxin-free colony stimulating factor from human urine (CSFHU) was prepared and its granulopoietic effect on normal and cyclophosphamide treated mice was examined. When normal C57BL/6N mice were injected intraperitoneally with 2.5 X 10(6) units/kg of the CSFHU daily for a 5-day period, the numbers of progenitor cells (CFUC) in the femur and spleen were significantly increased. The CFUC in the femur and spleen reached a maximum at day 3 (270%) and day 5 (250%) after the initial injection, respectively. The increase in number of CFUC in the femur exhibited a dose-dependency with respect to the CSFHU and a significant increase was observed even at 4 X 10(5) U/kg (P less than 0.05). However, neither granulocytosis nor monocytosis occurred in normal C57BL/6N mice injected with the CSFHU. In cyclophosphamide induced leukopenic C3H/HeN mice, daily injections of the CSFHU at 2.5 X 10(6) U/kg for 5 days stimulated the restorative granulocyte production (P less than 0.05) as well as the CFUC recovery in both the femur and spleen. These findings suggested that the CSFHU might be involved in granulocyte production in vivo. PMID- 6607175 TI - Radiation sensitivity and cycling status of mouse bone marrow prothymocytes and day 8 colony forming units spleen (CFUs). AB - Mouse bone marrow prothymocytes as determined in an in vivo thymus regeneration assay have an in vitro gamma radiation sensitivity which is different from that of spleen colony forming cells (CFUs). Determination of Do according to in vivo irradiation revealed similar but insignificant differences. Prothymocytes in normal bone marrow maintain a low but slightly different proliferative state as compared to CFUs, according to determinations using the 3H-TdR suicide technique. In regenerating bone marrow prothymocytes were found to be sensitive to an inhibitory effect of in vitro incubation with cold thymidine. CFUs and normal bone marrow prothymocytes were not affected by cold thymidine. Taking into account the cold thymidine effect it can be concluded that prothymocytes and CFUs in regenerating bone marrow are fully in cycle. These results are best explained when prothymocytes and CFUs are considered to be different cells. PMID- 6607176 TI - Myotendinous junction: morphological changes and mechanical failure associated with muscle cell atrophy. AB - The ultrastructures of the myotendinous junctions of healthy and atrophied twitch fibers from frog semitendinosus muscle are compared. The degree of plasma membrane folding at the junction of these cell types are quantified. The junctional surface area of healthy cells is increased 13.2 times by membrane folding. Calculations indicate that the junctional plasma membrane of these cells bears an average load of 2.6 X 10(4) N X m-2 during maximum isometric tension. The junctional surface area of atrophied cells is similarly increased by a factor of 6.3. The degree of junctional membrane folding does not vary with degree of cell contraction. Ultrastructural findings indicate that mechanical failure of the junction occurs just external to the junctional plasma membrane in atrophied cells. Healthy cells do not exhibit mechanical failure at the junction. These findings suggest that increased stress at the junction is associated with muscle atrophy and may cause failure at the myotendinous junction. PMID- 6607177 TI - Decarboxylated bone Gla-protein as a substrate for hepatic vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. AB - Bovine bone Gla-protein (B.G.P.) was prepared and decarboxylated into descarboxy B.G.P. (d-B.G.P.). The latter was purified and identified as decarboxylated osteocalcin. Both crude and purified d-B.G.P. are good substrates for vitamin K dependent carboxylase. Because the Km of this enzyme for d-B.G.P. is low, the latter is a better substrate than the frequently used pentapeptide FLEEL or exogenous protein substrates such as descarboxyprothrombin. PMID- 6607178 TI - 1H NMR of intact muscle at 11 T. AB - 1H NMR spectra of intact frog, and chicken skeletal muscles, were recorded at 470 MHz with the Plateau and Gueron pulse sequence for the suppression of water [(1982) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104, 7310]. Only a few transients were required to resolve the resonances from the protons of muscle metabolites. The previously unobserved exchangeable protons of muscles were also recorded and thereby phosphocreatine and creatine could be measured simultaneously. During aging of dissected frog muscle, changes in levels of phosphocreatine, creatine and lactic acid, and the decrease in the intracellular pH were followed by 1H NMR. PMID- 6607179 TI - Lack of prostaglandin involvement in the mitogenic effect of TSH on canine thyroid cells in primary culture. AB - The production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by cultured dog thyroid cells was high in a serum-containing medium and low in a serum-free, completely defined medium. Thyrotropin (TSH) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), two mitogenic factors for these cells, did not stimulate PGE2 release. Indomethacin, at a concentration which completely inhibited PGE2 production, had no effect on thyroid cell multiplication and DNA synthesis stimulated by TSH and EGF. It is concluded that cyclooxygenase products are not involved in the proliferation of canine thyroid cells and its control by TSH. PMID- 6607180 TI - Alpha 2 high molecular mass cysteine proteinase inhibitor: HMr alpha 2-CPI. An inhibitor of human liver cathepsin H as probed by kinetic study. AB - HMr alpha 2CPI was found to be an inhibitor of human liver cathepsin H by the measurement of the dissociation constant (Ki), the association rate constant (k1) and the dissociation rate constant (k-1) between the enzyme and the inhibitor. These data suggest that this protein-proteinase inhibitor can play a physiological role in the regulation of free cathepsin H. PMID- 6607181 TI - [Complaints and complications arising during cryotherapy]. PMID- 6607182 TI - [Effect of central and peripheral serotonin-reactive structures on the cardiovascular system and respiration]. AB - In chronic experiments on dogs, the heterogenic effect of serotoninergic structures of the upper and lower parts of the limbic cortex's anterior area was revealed in respect to the heart rate and respiration. Administration of 0.2 mg of serotonin-adipinate (through chemotrodes, bilaterally, in 0.02 ml of saline) into the upper part induced deceleration of the heart rate and respiration whereas the contrary effect occurred after the administration into the lower part. Administration of saline exerted no effect and the i. m. administration of serotonin-adipinate and 5-oxytryptophane (0.5 mg/kg) exerted either no effect as well or a short-lasting one. PMID- 6607183 TI - [Human epidermal growth factor(urogastrone) in human fluids detected by radioreceptor assay]. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF)/urogstrone is a polypeptide hormone that stimulates growth of a variety of tissues and inhibits gastric acid secretion. Although it was originally isolated from male mouse submaxillary glands, EGF/urogastrone has recently been isolated from human urine. We detected EGF-like activity in human urine, milk and saliva by radioreceptor assay using the male mouse hepatic microsomal fraction as a receptor preparation and mouse EGF as reference standard. On Sephadex G-50 gel chromatography, major EGF-like activity (RRA-EGF) in human urine, milk and saliva was eluted near the portion where standard mouse EGF was eluted (Kav = 0.5, MW approximately equal to 6000). Isoelectric focusing revealed that isoelectric point of major RRA-EGF was 4.45 with minor heterogeneity. Twenty-four hour urinary excretion of RRA-EGF in adult males and females with normal renal function was 88.8 +/- 4.0 and 65.2 +/- 7.9 (mean +/- SE) microgram/total volume or 141 +/- 7.2 and 96.5 ng/mg of creatinine, respectively. There was no apparent diurnal rhythm in urinary RRA-EGF excretion. A series of 24 h urine collection over 5 days from adults showed relatively small variations. Urinary levels of EGF per mg creatinine in normal children were significantly higher than those in normal males or females. There was a reverse correlation between serum creatinine levels and urinary EGF levels per creatinine. The concentration of RRA-EGF in human milk collected 7 days after starting breast feeding was 81 +/- 11 ng/ml. The salivary RRA-EGF concentration was 6.5 +/- 1.0 and 6.9 +/- 0.3 in normal adult males and females, respectively. PMID- 6607184 TI - Frog palate mucociliary apparatus: structure, function, and response to formaldehyde gas. AB - The upper respiratory tract mucociliary apparatus represents one of the first defenses against inhaled noxious materials. The frog palate has been widely used as a model to investigate the mode of action of this apparatus and to study its response to irritant gases. Video analysis was used here for the determination of mucus flow rate and flow patterns, ciliary beat frequency, and the nature of ciliary activity in the in vitro frog palate preparation. The results of studies of time-lapse video recordings were used in conjunction with light microscopic and ultrastructural morphologic investigations to determine functional interactions between cilia, the epiphase, and the periciliary fluid. It was concluded that the cilia enter the epiphase during the effector stroke, that waves may be produced on the under surface of this layer, and that the periciliary fluid is less viscous than, and moves in the same direction as, the epiphase. The response of the frog palate mucociliary apparatus to formaldehyde gas was also studied using an in vitro exposure system. There were distinct concentration-related responses to formaldehyde with initial stimulation, and at higher concentrations, subsequent inhibition of mucociliary function. Stimulation of mucus flow rate was due to increased ciliary activity, while inhibition of flow, which preceded ciliastasis, was attributed to direct effect of formaldehyde on the superficial mucus layer. Ciliastasis on the other hand was considered to provide evidence that the formaldehyde had penetrated the mucus layer and induced direct toxic effects on the underlying epithelial cells. PMID- 6607185 TI - [Recent studies of a non-collagen protein of bone: osteocalcin]. PMID- 6607186 TI - [Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and idiopathic hemochromatosis: a fortuitous association]. PMID- 6607188 TI - Portal hypertensive gastritis. PMID- 6607187 TI - Functional characteristics of lymphocytes isolated from the rat large intestine. Response to T-cell mitogens and natural killer cell activity. AB - Using successive ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and collagenase treatments, two fractions of mucosal lymphocytes have been isolated from the rat large intestine that differ in morphologic and functional characteristics. Intraepithelial lymphocytes consisted largely of granular lymphocytes (91 +/- 6%) that did not respond to stimulation with phytohemagglutinin or concanavalin A, but had natural killer cytotoxic activity against the YAC-1 cell line. The natural killer cytotoxicity of the intraepithelial lymphocytes was specifically reduced by the addition of increasing numbers of unlabeled homologous tumor cells but not by unlabeled thymocytes. The sensitivity of different target cell lines to lysis by intraepithelial lymphocytes was the same as splenocytes from the same rat strain. Lymphocytes from the lamina propria contained 21 +/- 4% granular cells with the remainder being typical small lymphocytes. The lamina propria fraction responded well to stimulation with concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, and pokeweek mitogen, and also had natural killer activity against YAC-1 cells. PMID- 6607189 TI - [Correction of hemostasis in surgical interventions on von Willebrand's disease patients]. PMID- 6607190 TI - [Lipoprotein content of the erythrocytes of patients with acute kidney failure and anemia]. PMID- 6607191 TI - Treatment of chronic pain with nerve blocks and stimulation. AB - Nerve blocks and impulse augmentation represent two relatively noninvasive somatic procedures of use in the treatment of some chronic pain patients. In this paper the author outlines the clinical evidence for these procedures and the nature of the procedures. The author argues for their usefulness in modulating pain and their place within a more complete multi-disciplinary program. PMID- 6607192 TI - Lymphocyte cytotoxicity for autologous hepatocytes. PMID- 6607193 TI - Endoscopic diagnosis of a bleeding ileal carcinoid tumour. AB - Carcinoid tumour accounts for one per cent of all gastrointestinal neoplasms and has been reported in 0.5% of appendicectomy specimens. Local gastrointestinal complications occur infrequently and we report a case of repeated and massive gastrointestinal haemorrhage from a non-metabolically active carcinoid tumour of the distal ileum diagnosed by colonoscopy. PMID- 6607194 TI - Immunological studies in inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 6607195 TI - [Hemiparesis and convergence spasm associated with herpes zoster]. PMID- 6607196 TI - [Health related behavior in high school students: III. Use of hashish, alcohol and medicines]. PMID- 6607197 TI - [Anti-ulcerogenic and cytoprotective effects of trimoprostil (Ro 21-6937), a trimethylprostaglandin E2 derivative]. AB - Anti-ulcerogenic effects of trimoprostil, a prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) derivative, were studied in comparison with those of PGE2, cimetidine and sulpiride. Trimoprostil and PGE2 given p.o. prevented the formation of gastric lesions produced by absolute ethanol, 0.2N NaOH, 0.6N HCI and hypertonic NaCl solutions in rats and aspirin-induced fecal occult bleeding in dogs. Although both prostaglandins did not alter the gastric mucus content, they equivalently prevented the stress-induced decrease in the mucus content in rats. The duration of these effects of trimoprostil was longer than those of PGE2. Cimetidine and sulpiride did not exert such cytoprotective effects. Trimoprostil inhibited stress-induced gastric ulcer formation in rats more markedly than PGE2, cimetidine and sulpiride. Trimoprostil and PGE2 at the cytoprotective dose (30 micrograms/kg, p.o.) did not change the gastric blood flow in conscious rats. In Shay rats, trimoprostil at doses larger than the cytoprotective doses inhibited the gastric acid secretion when given p.o., but was not effective when given i.d. PGE2 exerted the similar action, but the potency was clearly weaker than that of trimoprostil. In Heidenhain-pouch dogs, trimoprostil also inhibited the gastric acid secretion stimulated by pentagastrin more markedly than did cimetidine. In conclusion, trimoprostil at doses smaller than the antisecretory doses exerted gastric cytoprotective action with a longer duration than that of PGE2, probably through the preservation of the mucus barrier. Such cytoprotection was not found with cimetidine and sulpiride. PMID- 6607198 TI - Ultrastructural changes in synapses of the frog's spinal cord during hypothermia. PMID- 6607199 TI - [Objective electrophysiological determination of the scotopic and photopic spectral sensitivity of the human eye through Fourier interferometric stimulation]. PMID- 6607200 TI - [The advantages of Fourier interferometric stimulation in the determination of the spectral sensitivity of the human eye]. PMID- 6607201 TI - [Response of rat lateral hypothalamic neurons to food ingestion and repetitive stimulations at the self-stimulation sites]. PMID- 6607202 TI - The nature of IgG complexes in alcoholic liver disease. AB - Circulating immune complexes have been described in most liver diseases, including alcoholic liver disease, although their pathogenic significance remains unclear. Currently available immune complex assays do not distinguish immunoglobulin aggregates from antigen-antibody complexes. Immunoglobulin aggregate formation occurs in vitro at 37 degrees C in the presence of hypergammaglobulinemia and/or hypoalbuminemia, conditions common in liver disease. To determine if hypergammaglobulinemia and/or hypoalbuminemia could predispose to immunoglobulin aggregate formation in vivo, 25 patients with alcoholic liver disease were studied. Using sucrose density gradient fractionation followed by quantitation of IgG by radioimmunoassay, high molecular weight IgG complexes (greater than 11S) were frequently present in alcoholic liver disease sera, and correlated with the degree of hypergammaglobulinemia and/or hypoalbuminemia, and with 125I-C1q binding activity. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of these complexes revealed only IgG and nonspecific trapping of several normal serum proteins. A specific complex-associated antigen could not be identified. While small, undetectable quantities of true antigen-antibody complexes might also be present, our data suggest that IgG complexes in alcoholic liver disease may represent immunoglobulin aggregate formation in vivo. PMID- 6607203 TI - Relationship between expression of hepatitis B virus antigens in isolated hepatocytes and autologous lymphocyte cytotoxicity in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. AB - Previous studies demonstrated that peripheral blood lymphocytes are cytotoxic to autologous hepatocytes in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. We examined whether cytotoxicity is specifically directed against hepatocytes expressing HBsAg or HBcAg. Viral antigens were detected by immunofluorescence in isolated hepatocytes before and after exposure to T and non-T lymphocytes from 28 patients with chronic HBV infection in an autologous cytotoxicity assay. There was significant reduction in the percentage of HBcAg-positive hepatocytes after exposure to T lymphocytes and, to a lesser extent, after exposure to non-T cells; hepatocytes expressing HBsAg were not affected. Other studies showed that many hepatocytes containing HBcAg have IgG of anti-HBc specificity bound to their nuclei. In the present study, there was significant association between the presence of HBcAg and nuclear IgG in isolated hepatocytes. The ratio between the percentages of HBcAg-positive and IgG-positive hepatocytes (reflecting the proportion of hepatocytes containing free-core antigen) correlated significantly with reduction in HBcAg-positive liver cells after exposure to T cells, but not to non-T cells. These results suggest that hepatocytes in which viral replication is occurring and which express core determinants are susceptible to cell-mediated cytotoxicity and that T-cell cytolysis may be modulated by anti-HBc which is bound to hepatocytes. PMID- 6607204 TI - alpha-1-Antitrypsin deficiency. AB - Liver disease related to alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency occurs only in Pi ZZ homozygous children. Eleven per cent of Pi ZZ infants present with prolonged neonatal cholestasis. In our group, 25 of 45 Pi ZZ infants with prolonged neonatal cholestasis presented with later cirrhosis. Persistence of jaundice beyond the sixth month of age, early development of splenomegaly, persistence of hard hepatomegaly and liver function abnormalities, and early portal fibrosis have a poor prognostic significance. The most severe course occurs in infants with an early histologic pattern of paucity of interlobular bile ducts. Portal hypertension was present in 19 of 25 children presenting with cirrhosis; 8 of 25 Pi ZZ children with cirrhosis died during childhood. Long-term protein-restricted diet and portal systemic shunts were helpful in treatment of four Pi ZZ children with cirrhosis; however, the long-term course in Pi ZZ children with cirrhosis is unpredictable. PMID- 6607205 TI - Alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor in pure human pancreatic juice. Characterization of a complexed form in patients with chronic calcifying pancreatitis and its significance. AB - Two forms of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) were characterized in the pancreatic juice of patients with chronic pancreatitis, one free form and one form complexed with a proteinase. This complex is probably present in minute amounts in normal pancreatic juice which contains mainly free alpha 1-PI. The proteinase bound to alpha 1-PI has been identified as chymotrypsin A and the inhibitory activity of the free form of alpha 1-PI has been demonstrated. These data underline the rapid conversion of human proteolytic zymogens into active enzymes and demonstrate the increase of this activation phenomenon in the juice of patients with chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 6607206 TI - Quantification of regional myocardial perfusion by exponential infusion of 11C butanol. PMID- 6607207 TI - Established cell lines of mouse marrow adherent cells producing differentiation factor(s) for the granulocyte-macrophage lineage. AB - Two continuous cell lines derived from long-term cultures of AKR mouse bone marrow adherent cells were isolated. These cell lines release colony stimulating activity (CSA), a factor that induces in vitro differentiation of granulocyte macrophage progenitor cells. The colony forming cells and cluster forming cells in mouse marrow responsive to CSA from mouse lung conditioned medium MLCM). Colony forming cells were characterized by analysis of their density distribution after equilibrium centrifugation in density gradient. Cluster forming cells were characterized by analyzing the progeny of individual clusters after transfer to fresh semisolid culture medium containing MLCM. The results obtained indicate that the CSA from cell line conditioned medium closely compares with the CSA from MLCM in terms of the populations of colony and cluster forming cells stimulated. PMID- 6607208 TI - The tumor promoter phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate [P(Bu)2] stimulates cytotoxic activity of human blood lymphocytes. AB - The tumor promoters 12-13-phorbol-dibutyrate, P(Bu)2, and 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, TPA, were shown to augment the cytotoxic potential of human blood lymphocytes with low cell density. In kinetics experiments the enhancing effect was preceded by an initial suppression lasting for about 2 hours. Admixture of mononuclear adherent cells abrogated the P(Bu)2 effect in a dose dependent way. P(Bu)2 altered the sensitivity of K562 cells to the cytotoxic effect. Short term pretreatment increased the sensitivity, but after longer pretreatment the cells became resistant. The results show that tumor promoters can influence the cytolytic system at different levels. By acting directly on the lymphocytes they potentiate the lytic function. When mixed mononuclear populations are used, this effect may be counteracted via activation of the suppressive functions of monocytes. In addition, the target cell sensitivity can also be modulated. As a result, the final outcome of phorbol treatment depends on the strength, kinetics and the mode of its effects on the interactants. PMID- 6607209 TI - Invasion of collagen gels by mouse lymphoid cells. AB - Small mouse lymphocytes from lymph nodes rapidly invaded three-dimensional collagen gels (in the absence of any added chemical attractant). In short-term assays (2-8 hr) this property was restricted to 20-25% of the cell population. Invasion was an active process involving cell locomotion. Time-lapse cinematography revealed that movement was erratic with frequent changes in cell speed. Tracks of cell paths within collagen gels demonstrated that lymphocytes made narrow angles of turn and thus showed a 'persistent random-walk' similar to other cell types moving on plane substrata. Analysis of lymphocyte movement within aligned collagen gels demonstrated that locomotion was biased in the axis of fibre alignment, i.e. lymphocytes showed contact guidance. Separated B lymphocytes invaded collagen gels at a slower rate than unseparated lymph node cells, as also did T cells purified by filtration through nylon wool columns. This latter anomaly implied that nylon wool filtration selectively depleted cells with invasive characteristics from a heterogeneous lymphocyte population. A comparison of Peyer's patch and lymph node lymphocytes showed that both populations invaded at the same rate but the latter cell type did this in greater numbers. This difference may reflect the different proportions of B and T lymphocytes in the two tissues. Lymphocytes from oxazolone-stimulated lymph nodes showed greatly increased movement into collagen matrices compared to unstimulated control lymph node lymphocytes. This increase was demonstrated to be a property of the blast cell population by separating the cells on Percoll gradients into lymphoblast-enriched and -depleted populations. PMID- 6607210 TI - Lymphocyte chemotaxis in inflammation. VII. Isolation and purification of chemotactic factors for T lymphocytes from PPD-induced delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction site in the guinea-pig. AB - Four types of lymphocyte chemotactic factor (LCF-a, -b, -c and -d) could be isolated from extract of 24-hr-old delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin reaction sites induced with purified protein derivative (PPD) in guinea-pigs by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 followed by chromatography with DEAE-Sephadex. Partially purified LCF-b was thought to be a heat-stable protein with a molecular weight (mol. wt.) of about 14,000. LCF-c separated from LCF-d by chromatography with DEAE-Sephadex was highly purified by chromatography with CM-Sephadex, immunoadsorbent chromatography coupled with anti-IgG antibody, and chromatofocusing in that order. It was considered to be a heat-labile protein with a mol. wt. of about 160,000 and with pI of 8.1 +/- 0.2. LCF-d first separated from LCF-c was also highly purified by chromatography with CM-Sephadex followed by preparative isotachophoresis. The factor was considered to be a heat labile protein with a mol. wt. of approximately 300,000 and with pI of 6.2 +/- 0.2. These factors were similarly active for non-adherent cells (mostly T cells) but not for cells (mostly B cells) adherent to anti-IgG antibody-coated petri dishes. Since LCF-a was active for B cells as described earlier, it is thus suggested that LCF-b, LCF-c and LCF-d may be important for T cell migration in the DTH site to PPD. PMID- 6607211 TI - Effects of tumour promoter phorbol myristate acetate on mouse lymphocytes: selective inhibition of B cell activation by mitogens and antigens. AB - The effect of the tumour promoter phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) on the responses of mouse lymphocytes to various stimuli was studied in vitro. Nanomolar concentrations of PMA inhibited B cell proliferation induced by lipopolysaccharide and by anti-Ig antibodies, and the polyclonal antibody response to lipopolysaccharide. Specific antibody responses to both T-dependent and T-independent antigens were similarly affected. In marked contrast, T cell proliferation elicited by various mitogens was 10- to 1000-fold more resistant to inhibition. Cell fractionation experiments suggest that the effects on B cell responses are the results of a direct anti-proliferative effect of PMA on responding B lymphocytes. PMID- 6607212 TI - T cell help mechanisms in the in vitro antibody response: the role of linked and non-linked recognition interactions. AB - Mechanisms by which T and B lymphocytes co-operate in the in vitro secondary antibody response to trinitrophenyl (TNP)-conjugated soluble protein antigens were investigated. The generation of antibody responses was analyzed when haptenic and carrier determinants were either linked or non-linked. Ability to co operate through each of these mechanisms was influenced by the experimental conditions employed, particularly the mode of preparation of the T cells and the antigen concentration used. Nylon wool filtration of T cells may deplete a T helper population involved in non-linked recognition interactions. High antigen concentrations favour the non-linked form of interaction whereas low antigen concentrations favour linked recognition interaction. These data suggest that at least two distinct co-operative mechanisms co-exist. However, experimental conditions can be defined under which either one mechanism predominates or where more than one mechanism is relevant. PMID- 6607213 TI - In vivo modulation of thymus-derived lymphocytes with monoclonal antibodies in mice. III. Spontaneous and natural cytotoxic effector cells. AB - Cytotoxic effector cell populations in murine spleen can be characterized by the phenotype of the cytotoxic cells or the nature of target cells. Lytic events can be antigen-specific, MHC-restricted and clonal, or target cell-specific but apparently non-MHC-restricted. Two cytotoxic effectors of this latter category are spontaneous and natural killers. Normal spleen cells from (BALB/c X DBA/2J)F1 mice (CDF1) cultured without added antigen develop a population of Thy-1+ spontaneous cytotoxic lymphocytes (SCTL) that lyse the DBA/2J mastocytoma P815, as well as the BALB/c-derived plasmacytomas MOPC-11 and SP2/0. Cold target competition experiments reveal the BALB/c-derived plasmacytomas MOPC-11, SP2/0, J558 and the A strain-derived T cell lymphoma YAC-1, but not normal lymphoblasts, block the lysis of P815 target cells. Thus, while these tumour cells appear to express common antigens which are recognized by SCTL cells, plasmacytomas such as J558 are not susceptible to lysis by SCTL. The relationship of SCTL to natural killer (NK) cells was examined. In-vivo treatment of mice with monoclonal anti Thy-1 antibody leads to a rapid loss of SCTL and precursors from the spleen, but there is a concomitant increase in NK cell activity. PMID- 6607214 TI - Anamnestic responses induced by antigen persisting on follicular dendritic cells from cyclophosphamide-treated mice. AB - In contrast to most mouse lymph node cells, follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) resist cyclophosphamide (Cy; 300 mg/kg)-mediated destruction in vivo. In this study we sought to determine if antigen-bearing FDCs from Cy-treated animals maintained biological activity. We were especially interested in whether FDCs from Cy-treated animals could stimulate an antibody response when combined with primed spleen cells and whether the FDCs needed to be intact and viable for stimulation to occur. The effect of Cy treatment on lymph node histology, number of T cells and B cells, and the 'spontaneous antibody response' was determined. Cy treatment resulted in a massive depletion of the lymph node cortex and a loss of follicles and germinal centres. Over 90% of B cells in the lymph node were eliminated. The paracortex was more resistant although nearly 80% of T cells were eliminated. Cy treatment also eliminated the 'spontaneous antibody response' as established by in vitro culture or after adoptive transfer. The addition of primed spleen cells to antigen-bearing FDCs including sonicated non-viable FDCs from Cy-treated animals resulted in an anamnestic antibody response. Memory lymphocytes, injected into the hind foot pads of Cy-treated animals, migrated to the follicular area of popliteal lymph nodes and cells from these reconstituted nodes spontaneously responded upon subsequent adoptive transfer. It was concluded that antigen retained on Cy-treated FDCs maintains its immunogenicity and is capable of inducing a 'spontaneous antibody response' or an anamnestic response. Furthermore antigen on FDCs or on fragments of FDCs from one animal can interact with memory cells from another animal to induce a productive antibody response. Lymph nodes enriched for FDCs by Cy treatment should be a good source of FDCs for isolation and further study of the nature of this interaction. PMID- 6607215 TI - MHC zygosity in the frog, Rana temporaria. AB - The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) zygosity of the field-collected frogs, Rana temporaria, was detected by progeny testing. Groups of sibling tadpoles were grafted with intrafamilial tail-tip allografts and the ratio of rapidly rejected allografts to slowly rejected ones was estimated. Twenty-five percent of parental frogs appeared to be MHC homozygotes. Thus, MHC homozygosity in natural frog populations seems to be considerably higher than in wild mouse populations. PMID- 6607216 TI - Lymphokine nomenclature. PMID- 6607217 TI - B-cell function in vitro during rubella infection. AB - B-cell function in vitro was studied in patients with natural rubella virus infection. Lymphocyte responses to mitogens in a blast transformation test were decreased at the onset of the rash. Spontaneous immunoglobulin production by peripheral blood lymphocytes was increased during the acute phase of illness. In regulatory T-cell subpopulations, increased proportions of cells with suppressor/cytotoxic phenotypes and decreased proportions of cells with helper/inducer phenotypes were detected simultaneously with the increased spontaneous immunoglobulin production. All parameters studied were recovered during the convalescent phase. PMID- 6607219 TI - Virulence factors of Haemophilus ducreyi. AB - We investigated the susceptibility of virulent and avirulent strains of Haemophilus ducreyi to the bactericidal activity of normal human serum and to phagocytosis and killing by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL). Strains were defined as virulent if intradermal inoculation into a rabbit produced a typical necrotic lesion. Nonvirulent strains produced no cutaneous lesions in rabbits. Virulent strains were resistant to the complement-mediated lethal action of normal human and rabbit sera, whereas avirulent strains were susceptible (greater than 95% kill, 60 min). Virulent strains were relatively resistant to phagocytosis and killing by human PMNL, in contrast to the avirulent strains. In past studies polymyxin resistance has been correlated with virulence in H. ducreyi. In our studies, polymyxin resistance could not be correlated with virulence, since polymyxin-sensitive mutants obtained from polymyxin-resistant parent strains remained virulent for rabbits and resistant to bactericidal action of normal serum and phagocytosis and killing by human PMNL. Similarly, polymyxin resistant mutants obtained from polymyxin-sensitive parent strains remained avirulent for rabbits and susceptible to bactericidal action of normal serum and PMNL. The acquisition of polymyxin resistance was accompanied by the loss of a 47,000-molecular-weight protein. The association of serum resistance and resistance to phagocytosis and killing by human PMNL with virulent strains, as defined by the rabbit intradermal test, suggests that these factors may mediate the pathogenicity of H. ducreyi. PMID- 6607220 TI - Studies on thymocyte subpopulations in guinea pigs. IV. A subpopulation sensitive to a natural, cold reactive cytotoxic factor in autologous serum. AB - Guinea pig serum was shown to be cytotoxic against a subpopulation of autologous thymocytes. The sensitive cells belonged to the population of small, high-density cells, constituting the majority of cortical thymocytes. In this respect, the activity resembled that of some heterologous sera tested (rat, rabbit) and allogeneic serum. The same population was also particularly reactive in rapid early (RE) migration [Sandberg, 1981] induced by rat serum. Human serum differed from other tested sera both as regards cytotoxicity and RE migration. The cytotoxic effect of autologous serum was demonstrated at 4 degrees C, whereas it was absent at 37 degrees C. The latter is in contrast to the cold reactive thymocytotoxic autoantibodies previously described in some mouse strains, and it is also in contrast to thymocytotoxic factors in heterologous serum. In all tested sera, the activity was completely inhibited by incubation at 56 degrees C for 30 min. The results may be relevant for the understanding of normal cell death in the thymus, and are discussed in relation to lymphocytotoxic autoantibodies in various disease states in man and animals. PMID- 6607218 TI - Generation of chemotactic activity in serum by Haemophilus influenzae type b. AB - Studies were performed to characterize chemotactic activity generated by Haemophilus influenzae type b (HiTb) in serum or elaborated independent of serum. Neutrophil aggregometry, Sephadex G-75 gel chromatography, and anti-C5 neutralization studies were used to demonstrate that the complement fragment C5a represented the major chemotactic moiety derived from HiTb-serum interactions. HiTb elaborated minimal chemotactic activity independently. Maximal C5a generation by HiTb as measured by neutrophil response in chemotaxis, shape change, and aggregation assays required specific antibody to the capsular polysaccharide, polyribosyl ribitol phosphate (PRP). Significantly more C5a was generated in pooled normal human serum containing high titers of anti-PRP (determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) than in hypogammaglobulinemic serum. Furthermore, C5a generated in hypogammaglobulinemic serum reconstituted with purified high-titer immunoglobulin G, hyperimmune rabbit serum or heat-inactivated normal human serum was comparable to that generated in normal human serum. Absorption of antibody with PRP versus whole HiTb showed a contribution by non-PRP-directed antibody. As shown with the use of C4-deficient guinea pig serum, C5a generation occurred via the alternative complement pathway in nonimmune serum, and activation of the alternative complement pathway was facilitated by specific anti-PRP. C5a generation in test sera was proportional to its opsonic activity for HiTb as assessed by a luminol-chemiluminescence assay. Overall low levels of C5a activity were observed in 13 pediatric patient serum samples obtained during the acute phase of HiTb meningitis, and no pulmonary symptoms or radiographic abnormalities consistent with a leukocyte aggregation syndrome were observed in these patients. PMID- 6607221 TI - Experimental beryllium-induced lung disease. II. Analyses of bronchial lavage cells in strains 2 and 13 guinea pigs. AB - In previous studies, we found that endotracheal administration of beryllium oxide (BeO) produced cell-mediated immunity and granulomatous lung disease in strain 2 but not strain 13 guinea pigs. This report describes phenotypic and functional studies of bronchial lavage cells from both guinea pig strains after BeO exposure. In BeO-treated strain 2 animals, the percentage of T (ER+)3 lymphocytes was significantly (p less than 0.05) elevated above normal by 2 weeks after BeO exposure, while T lymphocytes were not increased in strain 13. Giant cells containing crystalline material in fused, coalesced phagolysosomes were observed in treated animals of both strains. BeO-exposed strain 2 alveolar macrophages (AM) demonstrated enhanced killing of Listeria monocytogenes and enhanced chemiluminescence, while AM of strain 13 had responses below controls. Findings support the presence of BeO-induced cellular immunologic activity in strain 2 animals and, on the other hand, suggest BeO toxicity to lavage cells in strain 13. PMID- 6607222 TI - Effects of anti-idiotypic immunizations on autoimmune uveitis induced with isologous lens proteins. AB - Autoimmune uveitis was induced in F1 hybrid rabbits by administering intramuscularly lens proteins in Freund's complete adjuvant. Cellular infiltration in the anterior chamber of the eye appeared in a cyclic manner and anti-lens protein antibody in the serum was mostly of oligoclonal origin, as assessed by isoelectric focusing analysis. Immunizations of such rabbits with autologous or isologous anti-lens protein antibody affected little the appearance of cellular infiltration upon rechallenge with lens proteins, but anti-lens protein antibody was replaced by other antibodies with different isoelectric points. Serum from these rabbits contained antibody which inhibited the antibody activity of certain anti-lens protein antibody. PMID- 6607223 TI - Effect of hydrocortisone on the macrophage content, growth and metastasis of transplanted murine tumors. AB - Hydrocortisone (HC) reduced the macrophage content of four murine tumors to less than half of control values. Since HC causes monocytopenia and inhibits the recruitment of mononuclear phagocytes at sites of inflammation but does not affect the viability and proliferative capacity of macrophages, this finding suggests that the maintenance of macrophage levels in growing tumors is in part dependent upon the entry into the neoplasm of circulating monocytes. HC inhibited the growth of these tumors. The effect of HC was most marked on the mFS6 and MN/MCA1 sarcomas and 3LL carcinoma, with only marginal inhibition in the M109 carcinoma. HC augmented spontaneous and/or artificial (i.v.) metastasis in these tumor models. Cells from metastatic foci of the mFS6 sarcoma and M109 carcinoma inoculated i.m. were as susceptible to HC as cells from primary tumors. The effects of HC on macrophage content, growth and metastasis of the M109 carcinoma and mFS6 sarcoma were similar in mice with defective T-cell function (nude or thymectomized) or defective NK activity (beige or antiasialo GM1-treated) and in controls. The in vitro growth of the mFS6 and MN/MCA1 sarcomas was not modified by HC. Some inhibition of tumor-cell proliferative capacity was observed with the 3LL and M109 tumors. Tumor cell had high-affinity binding sites for glucocorticoid hormones, but these were not correlated to susceptibility in vivo. Thus it is unlikely that a direct interaction of HC with tumor cells accounts for the inhibition of tumor growth observed in vivo. To evaluate whether HC affected tumor growth by reducing the macrophage content of tumors, mFS6 sarcoma cells were transplanted, mixed with peritoneal macrophages into normal or HC-treated mice. Macrophages did not affect the growth of tumor cells in normal mice, whereas in HC-treated animals lesions from mixtures of macrophages and sarcoma cells appeared earlier and weighed more than those from tumor cells alone or tumor cells and thymocytes. However, macrophages did not reconstitute growth of the other sarcoma (MN/MCA1) in HC-treated mice. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that HC inhibited growth of some poorly immunogenic transplanted murine tumors, at least in part, by interfering with the macrophage levels in neoplastic tissues, tumor-associated macrophages providing the conditions for optimal tumor-cell proliferation at least in some neoplasms. PMID- 6607224 TI - Central cyanosis following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. AB - A case of central cyanosis occurring after coronary artery bypass graft surgery is described. This was due to the development of a right ventricular infarction which facilitated shunting from right to left through a previously undiagnosed patent foramen ovale or small atrial septal defect. PMID- 6607225 TI - Effect of radiographic contrast media on complement components C3 and C4: generation of C3b-like C3 and C4b-like C4. AB - Various water soluble iodinated radiographic contrast media (RCM) have been studied for their effect on complement components C3 and C4, purified and in serum. Hepatotropic RCM, and at higher concentration also some nephrotropic RCM, were found to exert a direct effect on purified C3 and C4. RCM treated human C3 and C4 are characterized by (a) loss of haemolytic function, (b) retention of activity in the formation of fluid phase C3 convertases and (c) an antigenic relationship to activated C3 and C4 (C3b and C4b, respectively). This direct alteration of C3 and C4 can probably also occur in serum since loss of haemolytic function is observed at similar RCM concentrations after incubation of serum and of purified components. It is concluded that RCM treated C3 and C4 represent altered forms of these components that resemble C4b and C3b in activity and conformation (C3b-like C3 and C4b-like C4). The alteration is probably caused by binding of RCM, exerting a mild denaturing effect. C3b-like C3 is a potential activator of the alternative pathway, and both C3b-like C3 and C4b-like C4 are known to be cleaved by serum inactivators. A possible pathological significance of the generation of C3b-like C3, C4b-like C4 and their split products remains to be evaluated. PMID- 6607226 TI - Thymic hormonal activity on human peripheral blood lymphocytes, in vitro. V. Effect on induction of lymphocytotoxicity. AB - Thymic hormonal effect on lymphocytotoxicity induced in vitro and its target specificity were tested using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy subjects. PBMC were treated by the thymic extract TP-1, a similarly prepared spleen extract (SE) or medium only (1 h, 37 degrees C) and then induced to express cytotoxic activity by exposure to allogeneic tumor cells in mixed cultures or by Con A stimulation. The cytotoxicity developed after several days in culture was assayed on 51Cr labelled tumor cells. TP-1 caused a significant mean enhancement of cytotoxicity induced and assayed on Raji lymphoma cells (mean % specific lysis, 31.5 +/- 2.9 without TP-1 and 53.7 +/- 3.6 with TP-1; n = 42; p less than 0.01). The scatter of individual responses to TP-1 was wide, however, and included also some cases of TP-1 induced suppression. Similar wide scatter of TP-1 effects with emphasis on TP-1 induced enhancement was observed with other tumor cell lines or with Con A as inducers. Usually, SE had no effect on induced cytotoxicity. Target selectivity (specificity) of induced cytotoxicity was tested by induction and assay on several tumor cell lines with crossing over, as well as by cold competition assay. When target selectivity was present, it was not masked by TP-1 induced enhancement. Moreover, in some cases, target selectivity became more pronounced after TP-1 treatment. However, TP-1 enhanced also Con A induced non-specific cytotoxicity. No effect of TP-1 on natural killer cell activity of fresh PBMC could be demonstrated. It is suggested that both selective cytotoxicity (T-cell dependent) and non-selective one maybe modulated directly by TP-1 and indirectly by TP-1 modified secondary interactions in culture. This profound regulatory effects could be demonstrated in the PBMC of immune-intact healthy adults. PMID- 6607227 TI - In vitro hematoporphyrin (Hpd) inhibitory effects on some immunological assays. AB - Hematoporphyrin derivative (Hpd) is a fluorescent dye that is preferentially incorporated by tissues with a high mitotic index, such as tumor cells and blast cells. A cytotoxic effect is produced following light activation. Previous studies have shown a long lasting reversible inhibition of DNA synthesis in Hpd treated cells that failed to stimulate allogeneic lymphocytes in either primary or in secondary MLR. In this study we report Hpd inhibitory effects on some immunological assays in vitro. Treatment with Hpd of cytotoxic effector cells resulted in inhibition of their lytic activity likely dependent on the loss of binding to target cells. In the same way Hpd treatment inactivated the lytic activity of NK cells. In contrast Hpd-treatment of target cells did not modify the above immunological reactions. Moreover Con A agglutinability, antibody dependent capping as well as E-rosettes were inhibited following an Hpd treatment of relevant cells. Since normal susceptibility to humoral and cell mediated lysis was exhibited by Hpd-treated cells it is unlikely that cell surface molecules were damaged. An inhibitory effect exerted by an Hpd treatment on cell surface movements might explain these findings. PMID- 6607228 TI - Effect-independent measures of tissue responses to fractionated irradiation. AB - Tissue repair factors measure the sparing that can be achieved from dose fractionation in the absence of proliferation. Four repair factors are analysed in these terms: FR, Frec, the ratio of linear-quadratic survival model parameters beta/alpha, and the half-time T1/2 for intracellular repair processes. A desirable feature of any repair factor is that it be independent of the level of injury induced in the tissue (or its single-dose equivalent, D1), since the comparison of tissues on the basis of the factor would not be meaningful, if they were characterized by differing D1S. Theoretically, FR and Frec are increasing functions of D1, and thus depend on level of effect. This is confirmed by analysis of skin reactions after multifractionated radiation. By contrast, beta/alpha is effect-independent as a measure of repair capacity in skin, gut, and bone marrow, tissues for which it is reasonable to assume that survival of identifiable target cells is the primary determinant of the endpoint. For a functional endpoint not clearly connected with the depletion of a specific target cell population (late fibrotic reactions in the kidney), there was an increase in beta/alpha with increased levels of injury, but this was statistically insignificant. Effect-independence is defined for T1/2 as independence from size of dose per fraction. T1/2 is independent of fraction size in skin, gut, and spinal cord, and is longer (1.5 hours) in the late-reacting tissues (lung and spinal cord) than in those that react acutely (T1/2 less than 1 hour), with skin as the exception (T1/2 approximately 1.3 hours). Therefore, early and late responding normal tissues may be distinguished in terms of both repair capacity and repair kinetics: repair is slower in late-responding tissues, which are also more sensitive to changes in dose fractionation. If generally true, these results imply that the potential for a therapeutic gain from hyperfractionation to spare late effects differentially would be limited by the number of daily doses that could be given, allowing sufficient time for repair between fractions in late reacting tissues. In practice, dose fractions should be separated by 6 hours or more to permit repair to approach completion in late-responding tissues. Similar considerations lead to the conclusion that late effects would be more sensitive to changes in dose rate in low dose-rate brachytherapy. PMID- 6607229 TI - Differential recovery from potentially lethal damage in normal human lung fibroblasts after irradiation with 60Co gamma-rays and accelerated N-ion beam. AB - PLD recovery after irradiation with accelerated N-ion was examined and compared with that after irradiation with 60Co gamma-rays in normal human lung fibroblasts (IMR-90). No shoulder region was observed in the survival curve of the cells after N-ion irradiation. Ratios of D0 values before and after a 6-hour incubation in plateau phase were 1.1 and 1.8 for N-ion irradiation and gamma-ray irradiation, respectively. The results show that recovery after irradiation with high-LET radiation is slow and much less than after low-LET irradiation. PMID- 6607230 TI - The effects of ionizing radiation on the peroxide content of a pure polyunsaturated lipid dispersion and of lipids and membranes derived from Acholeplasma laidlawii. AB - Dispersions of a pure unsaturated phospholipid, dilinoleoylphosphatidyl choline, formed conjugated diene hydroperoxides when irradiated in air with 7 MeV electrons (150 Gy and 300 Gy). Peroxide formation was optimized when the dispersions were irradiated in air at 37 degrees C at a dose rate of 5 Gy/min. No significant loss of linoleic acid from the irradiated phospholipid dispersions was observed after doses of 150 or 300 Gy. Small amounts of thiobarbituric acid reactive material were formed in irradiated unsaturated phospholipid dispersions. However, lipids or membranes isolated from 48 hour cultures of Acholeplasma laidlawii grown in media supplemented with either linoleic or linolenic acid did not appear to be peroxidized by irradiation under the same conditions. PMID- 6607231 TI - Efficacy of different DTPA treatment schedules for removal of 234Th from simulated wounds in rats. AB - The translocation of 234Th from a simulated wound site and the efficacy of DTPA administration, as a function of the thorium compound injected as well as the DTPA treatment schedule, have been investigated in rats. Much more 234Th injected as citrate was translocated from the injection site than after administration as nitrate, whereas the distribution pattern of 234Th translocated to the various tissues was nearly identical for both 234Th compounds. Combined local and systematic treatment with DTPA was equally or more effective than each of the treatments alone in reducing the retention of 234Th at the injection site and in the organs. PMID- 6607232 TI - Distribution of plutonium-239 in the skeleton of the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) during the first 15 months after injection. AB - The macroscopic and microscopic distribution of intramuscularly injected, essentially monomeric 239Pu, was studied in the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri). Data for the first 15 months after injection are presented. About 50 per cent of the absorbed dose is deposited in the skeleton. The microscopic distribution was analysed in femora, humeri, tibiae and lumbar vertebrae. The initial bone surface activity is about 11 Bq/cm2 per 37 kBq/kg injected dose (related to a bone uptake of 50 per cent) and is similar in all four bones. At 462 days after injection the surface activity in the tibiae and humeri is comparable with the initial concentration, whereas only 50 per cent and 37 per cent of the initial surface activity is present in the femora and lumbar vertebrae respectively. A comparison with results from rats and dogs shows that at 5 days after injection the normalized endosteal surface activity is similar but marked species differences are found at 365 days after injection. PMID- 6607233 TI - Mitotic inhibition of ICR 2A frog cells exposed to 265-313 nm monochromatic ultraviolet wavelengths and photoreactivating light. AB - Exposure of ICR 2A frog cells to 265, 289, 302 or 313 nm U.V. radiation caused a decrease in the MI of the irradiated cells in a fluence-dependent fashion. Treatment of cells with PRL immediately after U.V.-irradiation resulted in a smaller decrease in the MI, demonstrating that pyrimidine dimers played a role in the mitotic inhibition induced by these U.V. wavelengths. The effect of PRL on 313 nm-irradiated cells was much smaller than for the other wavelengths tested, indicating that non-dimer photoproducts were of importance in the mitotic inhibition induced by this U.V. wavelength. PMID- 6607234 TI - Comparison of radiation-induced radical yields in short peptides and constituent amino acids by detection of trapped oxygen isotope 18O. AB - This report compares the radiosensitivity of small polypeptides and constituent isolated amino acids using a novel technical approach. The radiation-induced oxygen isotope 18O trapping was measured by means of nuclear reactions. Most of the peptides reveal a higher sensitivity than a mixture of their constituent amino acids. This observation can be rationalized with a simple model which implies intramolecular energy transfer. PMID- 6607235 TI - Bacteriology of acute otitis media in Japan and chemotherapy, with special reference to Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Middle ear effusions from 574 patients with acute otitis media (AOM) were sampled and cultured in metropolitan Tokyo. Sampling was done by myringectomy and from otorrhea after the occurrence of spontaneous perforation. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae were isolated more widely in 'fresh' (myringotomized) cases than in 'old' cases. The freshness of cases, and the sampling and culture techniques appear to account for the difference in reports concerning causative pathogens of AOM from Japan on one hand and the U.S.A. and Scandanavia on the other. The relatively high detection rate of H. influenzae indicates its importance in all age groups. H. influenzae was isolated from a second group of 50 patients, and MIC values were determined. ABPC proved to be the most effective chemotherapy, except in cases (10%) of beta-lactamase producing H. influenzae. The correlation between the main causative pathogens of AOM and penicillin concentrations found in middle ear effusions was also investigated. The oral administration of 10-12 mg/kg of ABPC surpassed the 85% MIC level against H. influenzae. PMID- 6607236 TI - T cell subsets in the tonsil in relation to age analyzed with monoclonal antibodies (anti-leu antibodies) and fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS). AB - The ratio of the cells reacting to anti-leu 1, 3a and 4 antibodies is as low as that of T cells in the tonsil to those in the peripheral blood. The number of the tonsillar cells reacting to anti-leu 2a and 7 antibodies is still smaller. Fluorescence intensity of tonsillar lymphocytes reacting to leu (1, 2a, 3a, and 4) antibodies is lower than that of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Adult tonsillar lymphocytes have higher ratios of the cells reacting to anti-leu 1, 2a, 3a, 4 and 7 antibodies than child tonsillar lymphocytes and fluorescence intensity of the cells reacting to these anti-leu antibodies tended to be higher in adult tonsillar lymphocytes. These findings suggest less cytotoxic/suppressor T and NK/K function cells in the tonsil than in the peripheral blood. From these, it is conceivable that the tonsillar lymphocyte constitution becomes closer to that of peripheral blood as the child grows up. Further, immature T cells are present in the tonsil, though in a small number. This tendency is stronger in children than in adults. PMID- 6607237 TI - Brain uptake and organ distribution of 11C from 11C-labeled glucose. AB - The time course of the distribution of carbon-11 (11C, t1/2 = 20.4 min) in brain after the i.v. administration of 11C-labeled glucose [( 11C]glucose) was studied in an effort to understand and explore its behavior in relation to the known factors concerning the catabolic fate of glucose carbon in the brain. The biodistribution of 11C from [11C]glucose was studied in rats using organ dissection. Human radiation doses were estimated from rat biodistribution data. All the rat organs except the brain cleared with a half time of 30-60 min. The brain showed delayed uptake that plateaued from 20 to 60 min. The 11C distribution in normal, non-ischemic, brain 30 min after intravenously administered [11C]glucose is due to labeled carbon incorporation into amino acids associated with tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. External imaging with the Massachusetts General Hospital positron camera, PC I, was performed in dogs and humans and the time course of 11C incorporation was similar to the rat brain results. Regional uptake paralleled known metabolic differences between grey and white matter in normal human volunteers. A patient with progressive dementia had less uptake in an area of decreased perfusion as demonstrated angiographically, suggesting that the image obtained 20 min after tracer administration could be used to detect abnormalities in cerebral metabolism due to pathology. PMID- 6607238 TI - Comparison of 11C and 14C-labeled fatty acids and their beta-methyl analogs. AB - 1-[14C] beta-methylheptadecanoic acid ( [14C]BMHDA) was compared to 16 [14C]palmitic [( 14C]PA) acid for its biodistribution in rats, to determine whether an analogue designed to be trapped as a metabolite of the beta-oxidation metabolic process in the myocardium could be used to assess myocardial metabolic integrity. A heart concentration of 2.82 and 6.18% I.D./g at 5 and 60 min was observed for [14C]BMHDA, while [14C]palmitic acid was 2.65 and 0.89% I.D./g at 5 and 60 min respectively. However the myocardial concentration at 24 h was 0.4% I.D./g, indicating clearance of the tracer from the heart. Quantitative autoradiographic studies confirmed the highest heart concentration of [14C]BMHDA at 60 min, compared to other organs. PMID- 6607240 TI - Erysipelas after venectomy for coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 6607239 TI - Antibacterial prophylaxis in chronic granulomatous disease. A case report. AB - The value of long-term prophylactic treatment of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) in childhood cannot be established with certainty, as controlled studies are not available. We describe a boy, presently 15 years old, who suffered from CGD since early infancy. By the clinical, laboratory and genetic features, this case appeared to be a new variant of CGD, combining elements of the "childhood" type with others that characterize the "adult" type of the syndrome. For years, the patient had been almost continuously ill and needed frequent and prolonged hospitalizations because of severe bacterial infections. At age 13 years, long term prophylactic treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) was instituted. With this regimen, the patient was maintained practically infection free, relapsing only in those instances when he neglected to comply with the prophylactic regimen for 1 to 2 weeks. Thus, the patient served as his own control in demonstrating the efficacy of antimicrobial prophylaxis in CGD. The rationale for employing TMP-SMX for the prophylactic regimen is discussed. PMID- 6607241 TI - Early ambulation physical activity: myocardial infarction and coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - The accepted pattern of care for the patient recovering from myocardial infarction or coronary bypass surgery in the 1980s is characterized by an earlier resumption of physical activity, a consequent decrease in imposed invalidism, and earlier discharge from the hospital for appropriately selected patients. Early ambulation has been demonstrated to be desirable, feasible, cost-effective, and safe. PMID- 6607242 TI - Exercise testing for patients after myocardial infarction and coronary bypass surgery: emphasis on predischarge phase. AB - Data from the preceding low-level exercise test studies have been compiled and are presented in Table II. The table is arranged according to groups of prognostic indicators for future coronary events or indicators for those patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. In summary, current studies demonstrate safety and predictive value in predischarge low-level exercise testing in patients after myocardial infarction. If the test reveals a positive S-T segment change or angina or both, the predictive value for future cardiac events is significant. In addition, a limited duration on the exercise test, a flat or falling blood pressure response, and the presence or absence of premature ventricular depolarizations add to this predictive value. A more sophisticated technique that employs radionuclide ventriculography may add to the sensitivity and specificity of these various tests but should be used selectively. Post myocardial infarction patients who perform low-level exercise testing prior to discharge and demonstrate no exercise-induced abnormality from baseline may also harbor multivessel coronary disease, and this group of patients needs to be carefully followed. Testing at 3 weeks and 6 weeks after infarction may be beneficial in revealing additional clinical data. Less data are currently available on predischarge low-level exercise testing in patients with myocardial revascularization. However, these limited data support both feasibility and safety of low-level exercise testing in myocardial revascularization patients before discharge. Prognostic data with regard to low-level exercise testing for this group of patients should be forthcoming. Data from low-level exercise testing need to be incorporated during the in-hospital phase to eliminate unnecessary testing as the patient proceeds home and/or to medically supervised exercise programs. Proper therapeutic modalities based on these data should be included. In accord with this, it is imperative that the cardiac rehabilitation team or exercise testing laboratory correspond directly with the private physician regarding all clinical data and recommendations for discharge activity. Follow-up exercise testing for patients after myocardial infarction and coronary bypass surgery utilizes end points similar to those of predischarge low-level testing and therefore will not be discussed in detail. In general the patient should be able to achieve a higher heart rate or MET level in follow-up testing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6607243 TI - Serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in maternal and umbilical cord blood of Libyan and Norwegian women. AB - The serum concentrations of the vitamin D metabolites 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 OHD), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D) and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25 (OH)2D), and vitamin D binding protein, calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase were determined in 19 grand multiparous Libyan women at delivery, and in the umbilical cord blood of 14 of their babies. The results were compared with similarly collected data from 22 vitamin D-supplemented Norwegian mother-infant pairs. The median 25-OHD and 24,25-(OH)2D concentrations were significantly lower for the Libyan group (maternal 25-OHD: 34 vs 112 nmol/l; cord 25-OHD: 20 vs 76 nmol/l; maternal 24,25-(OH)2D: 0.6 vs 4.1 nmol/l; cord 24,25-(OH)2D: 0.4 vs 2.7 nmol/l, P less than 0.001 for all differences). In both groups the 25-OHD and 24,25-(OH)2D levels in maternal as well as in cord blood were closely associated (P less than 0.001). The median 1,25-(OH)2D level was similar for the two maternal groups (198 vs 194 pmol/l), but slightly lower for the Libyan than for the Norwegian cord samples (80 vs 93 pmol/l, P = 0.04). A calculated free 1,25 (OH)2D concentration (not bound to vitamin D binding protein) did not differ between the two maternal or cord groups. Calcium and phosphate concentrations were similar for the respective maternal and cord samples, while the median alkaline phosphatase level of cord blood was slightly higher for the Libyan group (P = 0.04). The results suggest that calcium and phosphate homoeostasis of pregnant women and their fetuses can be maintained despite wide variations in vitamin D supply and numerous repeated pregnancies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6607244 TI - T cell cultures and the Hayflick limit. PMID- 6607245 TI - Southeastern Cancer Study Group: breast cancer studies 1972-1982. AB - During the past 10 years, the Southeastern Cancer Study Group (SECSG) has been engaged in one major adjuvant study and three major advanced disease studies for patients with adenocarcinoma of the breast. The adjuvant study is demonstrating that six months of adjuvant CMF is the therapeutic equivalent of 12 months and that post-operative irradiation is of no added therapeutic benefit. In patients with advanced disease, a low dose 5 drug combination of CMFVP induces more objective responses than single agent 5FU, but improves survival only for those patients with liver metastases when compared to the sequential use of the same 5 single agents. The three drug combination, CAF, utilizing doxorubicin, induces more objective responses than low dose CMFVP, but it does not improve overall survival. The subsets of patients with bone-only metastases, with local chest wall recurrence and with nodular lung metastases benefit from CAF in terms of a longer duration of disease control and longer duration of unmaintained remission, but have only a marginal improvement in survival. The addition of a phase active combination, CAMELEON, (i.e., sequentially alternating therapy) to CAF has not improved the duration of disease control and survival for patients with liver metastases, lymphangitic and nodular lung metastases compared to CAF. Aggressive combination chemotherapeutic approaches to patients with advanced disease provide better and longer disease and tumor control but only marginal improvements in overall survival. Adding additional agents to a maximally tolerable regimen has not improved the therapeutic outcome. PMID- 6607247 TI - Frequency of varicocele in black adolescents. AB - To determine the incidence of varicocele among blacks, 423 black adolescent males were examined. Fifty-eight (13.7%) had varicocele compared to a 14-15% incidence among white teenage males. The close to 10% of adolescents with a varicocele who develop subnormal fertility cannot be predicted, nor has it been shown that early varicocelectomy prevents the problem. There is a need for prospective evaluation of early varicocelectomy in adolescent males to determine if subnormal fertility can be avoided. PMID- 6607246 TI - Effects of cell swelling on fluid flow across alveolar epithelium. AB - The effects of decreased temperature, metabolic inhibition, and hyposmolality on osmotically and hydrostatically driven water flux across bullfrog alveolar epithelium were studied. Lungs were isolated from double-pithed Rana catesbeiana and prepared as sacs. Either an osmotic (0.1 M raffinose) or hydrostatic (6.3-6.6 Torr) pressure gradient was imposed across the tissue. These gradients resulted in the volume flow of water from the alveolar to pleural bath. Control water flux and hydraulic conductivity were estimated from the rate of weight loss of the lung sac. Subsequently water flux and hydraulic conductivity were determined under one of the following conditions: 1) temperature of bathing solutions lowered to 2 degrees C; 2) 1 mM 2,4-dinitrophenol added to both alveolar and pleural baths, or 3) both baths changed to half-isosmotic Ringer solution. The control hydraulic conductivities for osmotic (Lpo) and hydrostatic (Lph) pressure gradients were 3.65(+/- 0.94) X 10(-12) and 2.14(+/- 0.63) X 10(-10) ml/dyn X s, respectively. Under conditions of metabolic inhibition, hyposmolality, and decreased temperature, Lph decreased by 77, 83, and 92%, and Lpo decreased by 56, 34, and 59%, respectively. These results are most consistent with the hypothesis that the decrements in hydraulic conductivity under our experimental conditions are due to epithelial cell swelling and perhaps to changes in the characteristics of the paracellular pathway. PMID- 6607248 TI - Nonspecific somatic symptoms in early adolescent girls. AB - Nonspecific somatic symptoms such as headaches, stomachache, and tiredness are common among adolescent females. The epidemiology of such symptoms is poorly defined. As part of a study on the age of onset of puberty, 239 Jewish schoolgirls living in Jerusalem, Israel, grades 4-8, were asked to rate their usual state of health. Thirteen girls (5.5%) reported poor health and cited nonspecific somatic symptoms as the reason. Nonspecific somatic symptoms were most prevalent (13.8%) among girls in early puberty (Tanner stage B2). Low maternal educational level and large family size were significantly associated with such symptoms. In a comparison with a matched control group, the girls with nonspecific somatic symptoms were significantly more likely to have mothers with a chronic illness. The potential implications of our findings are discussed. PMID- 6607249 TI - Butane firebreathing in adolescents: a potentially dangerous practice. AB - Firebreathing is sometimes seen in magic acts. This is, potentially, a very dangerous practice without the proper precautions. What follows is a report of an adolescent who became a habitual butane firebreather after imitating this act. He developed hemorrhagic esophagitis and gastritis. The type of adolescent who may experiment with dangerous practices is discussed. PMID- 6607250 TI - Beta-lactamases: clinical and genetic perspectives. PMID- 6607251 TI - [Control of aortocoronary graft patency by digital angiography. Reliability study]. PMID- 6607252 TI - Oxygen dependence of adrenal cortex cholesterol side chain cleavage. Implications in the rate-limiting steps in steroidogenesis. AB - The oxygen dependence of cholesterol side chain cleavage to form pregnenolone was measured, using both purified phospholipid vesicle-reconstituted cytochrome P 450scc and rat adrenal mitochondria. At saturating cholesterol and nonlimiting electron supply (via NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase and adrenodoxin) the Km(O2) is low (4 microM). Limitations in the availability of both cholesterol and reductant caused elevations in the observed Km(O2). Pregnenolone synthesis was measured in mitochondria from variously pretreated rats, using a phospholipid-cholesterol dispersion as the source of exogenous substrate. In mitochondria obtained from ether-stressed rats (which elevates adrenocorticotropic hormone) two phases of malate-supported pregnenolone production are seen, a rapid (first 2 min) highly oxygen-dependent phase (Km = 150 microM) and a slow (2-10 min) relatively oxygen independent phase (Km less than 10 microM). Comparison of side chain cleavage rates with mitochondrial 11 beta-hydroxylation rates at various oxygen concentrations suggests that the rapid phase is limited by the availability of reducing equivalents. In cycloheximide-pretreated ether-stressed rats, only a linear slow rate of pregnenolone production was seen (about 25% of the rate of the slow phase in the ether-stressed group), while in mitoplasts from both groups only a linear rapid rate was seen. Data are consistent with the proposal (Privalle, C. T., Crivello, J. F., and Jefcoate, C. R. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 80, 702-706) that the adrenocorticotropic hormone-regulated cycloheximide-inhibitable rate of cholesterol side chain cleavage is limited by the rate of cholesterol transfer from outer to inner mitochondrial membranes. PMID- 6607253 TI - Mechanisms of fatty acid effects on sarcoplasmic reticulum. I. Calcium-fatty acid interaction. AB - To elucidate the mechanism for the previously reported increase in calcium sequestration by sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles in the presence of palmitic acid, the ability of this fatty acid to bind calcium was investigated by dual wavelength spectrophotometry using the calcium indicator arsenazo III,, and by Millipore filtration using 45CaCl2. In the presence of 120 mM KCl, 1 mM MgCl2, 15 microM CaCl2, and 40 mM histidine (pH 6.8, 25 degrees C), calcium binding to 10 80 microM palmitic acid occurred slowly (approximately 3-7 min halftime) and was accompanied by an increase in turbidity (measured by difference spectrophotometry) and a decrease in exchangeable calcium. The stoichiometry of calcium binding to palmitic acid under this condition was 0.15 mol of calcium/mol of palmitate, but increased to approximately 0.4 mol of calcium/mol of palmitate in the presence of 0.03-3 mM calcium. The rate of calcium binding to palmitic acid also increased with calcium concentration such that in the presence of 1-3 mM calcium, palmitic acid bound approximately 0.4 mol of calcium/mol of palmitate within 15 s. Thus, palmitic acid may represent a calcium-precipitating anion in regions of the cell, such as the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, where calcium concentration is high. Analyses of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium sequestration in the presence of various palmitic acid concentrations support this hypothesis and suggest that 10% of the palmitic acid is accessible to luminal calcium. PMID- 6607254 TI - Developmental changes in plasma transferrin concentrations related to red cell ferritin. AB - Transferrin, the plasma iron transport protein, has two iron-binding sites but is usually only partly saturated. (Essentially all plasma iron is bound to transferrin.) Thus, changes in transferrin saturation reflect differences in the concentrations of plasma iron and/or transferrin. Developmental changes in red cell ferritin content coincide with a 2.5 times increase in plasma transferrin and a proportional decrease in saturation, in the bullfrog model system. The possible relationship of the degree of transferrin saturation and structure on the distribution of iron between heme and ferritin was examined in suspensions of reticulocytes, which synthesize both ferritin and heme. The extra transferrin in adult plasma was indistinguishable from transferrin in tadpole plasma in terms of the ability to donate iron to red cell heme and ferritin in vitro and in terms of surface charge (pI 6.55, 6.34), molecular weight (73,000), carbohydrate content (2%), amino acid composition, and immunological reactivity. Only the saturation in vivo appeared to differ. When the saturation of transferrin was manipulated in vitro, an effect on the relative distribution of iron between heme and ferritin was observed. The heme-synthesizing system consumed a disproportionately large amount of the delivered iron until it was saturated, a point which coincided with transferrin saturation; as the degree of transferrin saturation decreases, iron delivered to red cell iron stores (ferritin) decreases disproportionately. Thus, the developmental increase in plasma transferrin and consequent decrease in saturation minimize the amount of iron available for storage in red cells. The effect is further enhanced by the decreased ability of adult erythrocytes to incorporate iron from transferrin, a property which may be related to quantitative changes observed in iodination of a Mr = 168,000 membrane protein. PMID- 6607255 TI - Endocytosis of synaptic vesicle membrane at the frog neuromuscular junction. AB - Frog nerve-muscle preparations were quick-frozen at various times after a single electrical stimulus in the presence of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), after which motor nerve terminals were visualized by freeze-fracture. Previous studies have shown that such stimulation causes prompt discharge of 3,000-6,000 synaptic vesicles from each nerve terminal and, as a result, adds a large amount of synaptic vesicle membrane to its plasmalemma. In the current experiments, we sought to visualize the endocytic retrieval of this vesicle membrane back into the terminal, during the interval between 1 s and 2 min after stimulation. Two distinct types of endocytosis were observed. The first appeared to be rapid and nonselective. Within the first few seconds after stimulation, relatively large vacuoles (approximately 0.1 micron) pinched off from the plasma membrane, both near to and far away from the active zones. Previous thin-section studies have shown that such vacuoles are not coated with clathrin at any stage during their formation. The second endocytic process was slower and appeared to be selective, because it internalized large intramembrane particles. This process was manifest first by the formation of relatively small (approximately 0.05 micron) indentations in the plasma membrane, which occurred everywhere except at the active zones. These indentations first appeared at 1 s, reached a peak abundance of 5.5/micron2 by 30 s after the stimulus, and disappeared almost completely by 90 s. Previous thin-section studies indicate that these indentations correspond to clathrin-coated pits. Their total abundance is comparable with the number of vesicles that were discharged initially. These endocytic structures could be classified into four intermediate forms, whose relative abundance over time suggests that, at this type of nerve terminal, endocytosis of coated vesicles has the following characteristics: (a) the single endocytotic event is short lived relative to the time scale of two minutes; (b) earlier forms last longer than later forms; and (c) a single event spends a smaller portion of its lifetime in the flat configuration soon after the stimulus than it does later on. PMID- 6607256 TI - Interaction of T lymphocytes and macrophages with cultured vascular endothelial cells: attachment, invasion, and subsequent degradation of the subendothelial extracellular matrix. AB - Circulating macrophages and T lymphocytes can invade the vascular endothelium and migrate from the circulatory system to an extravascular compartment such as inflammatory organs. In an in vitro model system we have examined the capacity of murine T lymphocytes and peritoneal macrophages to attach and invade a confluent vascular endothelial cell monolayer and to degrade sulfated proteoglycans in the subendothelial extracellular matrix. Concanavalin A and antigen-specific (egg albumin) activated T lymphocytes labeled with [3H]thymidine attached to the apical surface of the vascular endothelium in a time-dependent manner. A subsequent invasion of the endothelial cell monolayer was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Both activated T lymphocytes and murine macrophages degraded the [35S]O4 = -containing fragments in a process which required cell-matrix contact but was not dependent on serum proteases. Sulfated glycosaminoglycan chains produced from matrix proteoglycans by treatment with papain or alkaline borohydride were 3-4 times larger than the cell-mediated degradation fragments. This suggests that both macrophages and T lymphocytes elaborate upon stimulation an endoglicosidase capable of cleaving glycosaminoglycans specifically and releasing heparan sulfate-rich fragments. The ability of activated cells of the immune system to attach and invade the vascular endothelium and to degrade sulfated proteoglycans is very similar to that reported for highly metastatic tumor cells. PMID- 6607257 TI - Growth factor-induced proliferation of human fibroblasts in serum-free culture depends on cell density and extracellular calcium concentration. AB - Human neonatal skin fibroblasts plated sparsely in MCDB 105 traversed a complete cell cycle in the absence of serum or serum-derived proteins. Addition of pure PDGF did not significantly increase entrance into S phase as revealed by 3H thymidine labeling index or clonal growth on palladium islands. In subphysiologic Ca2+ concentrations or in the presence of a calmodulin inhibitor, W7, proliferation in the absence of growth factors ceased and PDGF became mitogenic. In contrast, confluent fibroblast cultures were stimulated by PDGF in physiologic Ca2+ concentrations. This was also the case with sparse adult skin fibroblast cultures while a fetal strain entered S in the absence of PDGF even in low extracellular Ca2+ concentrations. EGF gave similar results as PDGF in all experiments performed. This proposes a similar role for the two growth factors in the cell cycle. However, a difference in the mechanisms of action of PDGF and EGF is indicated by the fact that PDGF and EGF were additive at optimal concentrations when maximal growth response by a single growth factor was restricted by a subphysiologic extracellular Ca2+ concentration. PMID- 6607258 TI - Cerebral metabolic relationships for selected brain regions in healthy adults. AB - The local cerebral metabolic rate for glucose was determined in 26 regions of the brain in 31 healthy subjects who underwent resting fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Intercorrelations among the 26 regional measures were accepted as reliable at p less than 0.01 (r greater than 0.45), uncorrected for the number of measures. From the matrix two apparently separate functional metabolic systems were identified: (1) a superior system involving the superior and middle frontal gyri, the inferior parietal lobule, and the occipital cortex; and (2) an inferior system involving the inferior frontal, Broca's, and posterior temporal regions. Evidence is presented to suggest that the superior system is involved in visual processing, memory recognition, and decision making, while the inferior system seems to at least participate in language-related functions. PMID- 6607259 TI - Strategy for the measurement of regional cerebral blood flow using short-lived tracers and emission tomography. AB - This report describes a strategy for measurement of regional CBF that rigorously accounts for differing tracer partition coefficients and recirculation, and is convenient for use with positron emission tomography. Based on the Kety model, the measured tissue concentration can be expressed in terms of the arterial concentration, the rate constant K, and the blood flow f. The local partition coefficient may be computed as p = f/K. In our approach, maps of K and f are computed from two transverse section reconstructions. The reconstructions are based on weighted sums of projection data measured frequently during the observation period. Theoretical studies of noise propagation in the estimates of K and f were carried out as a function of tomographic count rate, total measurement time, and tracer half-life for varying input functions. These calculations predict that statistical errors in f of between 5 and 10% at a resolution of 1 cm full width at half maximum can be obtained with existing tomographs following i.v. injection. To compare theory and experiment, a series of flow studies were carried out in phantoms using a positron tomograph. These measurements demonstrate close agreement between computed flow and noise estimates and those measured in a controlled situation. This close agreement between theory and experiment as well as the low statistical errors observed suggest that this approach may be a useful tool in clinical investigation. PMID- 6607261 TI - Error analysis of the double-integral method for calculating brain blood perfusion from inert gas clearance data. AB - A single-photon dynamic computer-assisted tomograph (DSPECT) has been built and is currently being used to evaluate regional cerebral blood perfusion in patients and volunteers. A computer simulation of the system was created to analyze the effects of data collection, Poisson noise, attenuation compensation, and the reconstruction technique now employed in the DSPECT. Several methods of attenuation compensation were used to generate perfusion images from both ideal and noisy data. The results indicate that the mean perfusion is calculated to within 10.4% accuracy for all perfusion rates in a region of interest if attenuation correction is used. Without attenuation correction, perfusions are underestimated by as much as 27%. The three correctors tested have different effects on the calculated perfusion value, depending on the location of the region of interest in the picture. The algorithm introduces random noise that is proportional to both the random error in the input data and the perfusion rate. Air-curve delay errors result in inaccuracies in the final perfusion picture that are proportional to perfusion rate. Physiological values (0.8-1.5) of the partition coefficient cause overestimation of both gray (0-34%) and white (7-67%) matter perfusion values. Compton scatter and collimator effects were not addressed in this study. PMID- 6607260 TI - Alternative approach to single-scan estimation of cerebral glucose metabolic rate using glucose analogs, with particular application to ischemia. AB - In the glucose analog method for determining local glucose utilization rates, time courses of tissue and plasma radioactivity are measured and then analyzed in terms of first-order exchange of label between tissue compartments. The rate of glucose utilization is assumed to have a fixed, linear relationship to the analog phosphorylation rate calculated from the fitted rate constants. Accurate estimation of the rate constants requires many hours of dynamic data acquisition. Therefore, techniques assuming a linear relationship between analog phosphorylation rate and total tissue concentration of label were developed to predict glucose utilization rates from a single scan. Previously reported linearizations differ in their sensitivity to differences between current and average kinetic rate constants, and thus in their accuracy. We have developed a method that is insensitive to the presumed value of the blood flow-capillary wall transport parameter k1. This new single-scan approach has been validated by comparison of the single-scan metabolic rate values with the values calculated from the dynamic measurements. PMID- 6607262 TI - Infantile autism and other childhood psychoses in a Swedish urban region. Epidemiological aspects. AB - A total population screening of children born during 1962-1976 and living in the Gothenburg region at the end of 1980 was carried out in order to obtain prevalence figures for infantile autism and other childhood psychoses. It was found that the prevalence figure for infantile autism was 2.0 per 10,000 and for other childhood psychoses 1.9 per 10,000. Boys were much more often affected by infantile autism than girls. In the case of other psychoses, no such over representation was seen. A majority of the children were mentally retarded, and only 4% had tested IQs exceeding 100. The results are in good agreement with the three earlier epidemiological studies concerned with childhood psychosis. PMID- 6607263 TI - Continuities of common behaviour problems in preschool children. AB - This paper describes the prevalence of behaviour problems in 2 populations of preschool children in London, and the continuities over time of common problems. Night waking was the most common problem under the age of 2, being reported in 21% of 1-year-olds. Just under half of these night wakers were still waking at 18 months, and from 18 months to 2 years just over half the children continued waking The continuities of feeding problems were stronger after the age of 2 years, with poor appetite being reported to persist more than food fads. Over 2 years the most common problem reported was temper tantrums, and 45% of the children having frequent tantrums at 2 years were still having frequent tantrums at 3 years. The implications for services and the need for intervention studies are discussed. PMID- 6607264 TI - The use of thiol-disulphide exchange chromatography for the automated isolation of alpha 1-antitrypsin and other plasma proteins with reactive thiol groups. AB - A method has been developed for the rapid isolation of alpha 1-antitrypsin and other thiol proteins from plasma by an automated chromatography system. The thiol proteins are initially bound to matrix-linked activated thiol-compounds by an SH SS interchange reaction. The mixed disulphides are then reduced in two steps and subfractionated by passage through Blue-Sepharose and AH-Sepharose columns. The rate of the interchange reactions varies with the microenvironment of the reacting thiols. alpha 1-Antitrypsin is recovered with 95% purity in 60% yield within two days from 1 l of plasma. PMID- 6607265 TI - Salt loss in hypertensive form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (11-beta hydroxylase deficiency). AB - Studies in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11-hydroxylase deficiency (11-OHD) suggest a common defect in the adrenal zona fasciculate and zona glomerulosa. The hypertension in untreated 11-OHD patients is considered to be secondary to the accumulation of deoxycorticosterone as a consequence of inadequate 11-beta-hydroxylation in the biosynthesis of aldosterone, and is alleviated by glucocorticoid suppression. To investigate whether deoxycorticosterone suppression in these patients resulted in loss of salt, 11 patients with 11-OHD aged 4-26 yr were studied. Patients were evaluated during dexamethasone suppression (0.6 mg/m for 2 weeks) while receiving a normal diet and a low salt diet (10 meq Na/24 h). There was no significant change in serum electrolytes, cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol, and DOC during these two dietary regimens. PRA in the recumbent and upright positions on both diets was significantly higher in the patients than in normal subjects. Plasma or urinary aldosterone levels were significantly lower in the 11-OHD patients than in the normal controls. Moderate salt loss occurred during the low salt diet. It is concluded that sodium retention is incomplete in glucocorticoid-treated 11-OHD patients. Partial sodium retention is maintained by increased PRA and a subnormal aldosterone response. 11-OHD patients should be carefully monitored during acute disease states and, when electrolyte imbalance is suspected, treatment with mineralocorticoid should be considered. PMID- 6607266 TI - Virilization without adrenal hyperplasia in 21-hydroxylase deficiency during fetal life. AB - The characteristic excess production of androgens in the cortisol 21-hydroxylase defect is generally considered to be secondary to ACTH stimulation of alternate pathways. Whenever a morphological examination of the adrenals has been possible in this disorder, adrenocortical hyperplasia was a constant finding. The availability of methods for the prenatal diagnosis of the 21-hydroxylase defect has made it possible to examine some of the manifestations of this disorder during fetal life. We studied a severely virilized 20-week-old aborted female fetus with the 21-hydroxylase defect whose adrenals were neither grossly enlarged nor microscopically hyperplastic. In a pregnancy at risk for congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to a 21-hydroxylase deficiency, amniocentesis was performed in the 18th week of gestation. The 21-hydroxylase defect was established by HLA typing and highly elevated levels of 17-hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone, and androstendione in amniotic fluid. After counselling, the parents, who already had a girl with the salt-wasting form of 21-hydroxylase deficiency, wished termination of the pregnancy. The aborted 20-week-old fetus was within the normal range for gestational age in weight and height. The external genitalia were ambiguous and extremely virilized, with an enlarged clitoris and fused labioscrotal folds. A urogenital sinus opened at the base of the clitoris. The internal organs were female, with a normal uterus and ovaries. Both adrenals were normal in size and weight for their gestational age. Histological examination of the adrenals revealed no abnormalities, and no hyperplasia was detectable. Thus, the adrenals in the 21-hydroxylase defect during fetal life secrete excessive amounts of androgens and cause virilization in the absence of adrenocortical hyperplasia. PMID- 6607268 TI - Factors that may influence the prescribing habits of rheumatologists. AB - Questionnaire replies were received from 86% of all members of the British Association for Rheumatology and Rehabilitation soliciting opinions regarding influences and attitudes to prescribing. The importance and quality of information sources for new drugs were assessed and the importance of various aspects of information considered to be necessary for inclusion in a data card were investigated. The results indicated the professional journals and independent sources such as the Prescribers Journal are highly thought of by Rheumatologists and that advertisements and 'popular' journals are less likely to be important in the transmission of awareness of a new drug. The most important aspects of information considered to be necessary for inclusion in a data card or information bulletin were adverse- or side-effects. Specific details of the drug formulation or presentation are considered to be of much less importance. Rheumatologists prefer to prescribe by generic name and are likely to use two or three drugs in the treatment of a patient. PMID- 6607267 TI - [Functional changes of the antigen-providing cells caused by induction of immune tolerance]. PMID- 6607269 TI - Hyperplasia in the spinal sensory system of the frog. I. Plasticity in the most caudal dorsal root ganglion. AB - Increases in the amount of periphery available for innervation have been achieved by the unilateral removal of hindlimb dorsal root ganglion (DRGs) in Rana pipiens, a procedure which generally results in a compensatory cell number increase (hyperplasia) in the DRGs which remain. We have found that the hyperplastic response is extremely variable, and we have investigated various factors which might control its production. Our findings indicate, however, that the pattern of DRGs removed, the animal's age at the time of removal, and the survival period are not strictly related to the production of hyperplasia in hindlimb DRGs. Special emphasis has been placed on DRG 10, the caudalmost DRG which normally innervates the cloaca and sends a small projection to the hindlimb. This DRG displayed dramatic cell number increases of up to 564%. In addition, several unique features of the hyperplastic response have been observed in DRG 10. This DRG showed increases in cell number on both the operated and the unoperated sides. It showed hyperplasias in animals subjected to ganglionectomy past metamorphosis as well as during larval development. Finally the production of DRG 10 hyperplasias exclusively occurred in male pre- and postmetamorphic animals. To account for these distinctive features of DRG 10 hyperplasia, baseline studies of the normal course of proliferation and cell death in DRG 10 were undertaken. They reveal no fundamental developmental differences between DRG 10 and other hindlimb DRGs. Other mechanisms responsible for these unusual features of developmental plasticity in DRG 10 are discussed. PMID- 6607270 TI - Hyperplasia in the spinal sensory system of the frog. II. Central and peripheral connectivity patterns. AB - Central and peripheral connectivity patterns of hyperplastic dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) in Rana pipiens are examined in order to determine the relative roles of peripheral and central contacts in the production of DRG hyperplasias. The hyperplasias are produced in the intact hindlimb DRGs after the removal in tadpoles and young postmetamorphic frogs of neighboring DRGs (Davis and Constantine-Paton, '83). The peripheral target zones of the hyperplastic DRGs, determined by physiological recordings of sensory receptive fields, are found to undergo a significant degree of expansion relative to controls. Peripheral expansion is most pronounced in caudalmost DRG 10, and this effect occurs in experimental animals operated during larval and postmetamorphic stages. Further, anatomical labelling of peripheral sensory fibers coursing to the hindlimb reveals that the hyperplastic DRG 10 actually contains additional fibers projecting to the denervated regions. The central projection of the hyperplastic DRG 10 does not show corresponding increases in longitudinal arborization after the application of horseradish peroxidase to the appropriate dorsal roots. These observations are made on some of the same experimental animals in which peripheral fields are shown to have vastly expanded. We conclude that the peripheral processes of the hyperplastic DRGs are less rigidly specified than the central terminations, and that it is the periphery which plays the primary role in controlling the cell numbers increases. A second aim of this investigation is to identify whether sexually dimorphic connectivity patterns in normal frogs explain the production of DRG 10 hyperplasias exclusively in male experimental animals (Davis and Constantine-Paton, '83). We apply the same techniques used in our connectivity studies of hyperplastic DRGs to the investigation of connectivity patterns of DRG 10s in normal males and females. No sex-dependent differences in peripheral and central connectivity are found. Thus, since normal male and female frogs possess an equivalent amount of target space for DRG 10, the unique production of hyperplasias in male experimental animals cannot be explained solely on the basis of connectivity. We speculate on what other factors may be involved. PMID- 6607271 TI - Oral hemorrhage associated with periodontal surgery and hypertensive crisis. AB - A case of accelerated hypertension associated with severe oral hemorrhage is described. The evidence in this case suggests that a hypertensive crisis may have been caused by a failure to take medication as prescribed, or may have occurred as a sequel to severe postoperative hemorrhage. The reopening of the surgical site was probably caused by masticatory trauma, and the hemorrhage exacerbated by localized fibrinolytic activity. PMID- 6607272 TI - Dose response of IgE and IgG antibodies during ragweed immunotherapy. AB - We studied the detailed dose-response relationship for ragweed (RW) antibody responses in 51 patients who received maximal-dose immunotherapy with crude RW extract. Serum RW-IgG and RW-IgE levels were determined by solid-phase radioimmunoassay at frequent intervals during initiation and maintenance of immunotherapy. Pretreatment RW-IgE ranged from 0.94 to 974 ng/ml (median 105); 45/51 patients had insignificant levels (less than 250 ng/ml) of RW-IgG. The maximal doses given ranged from 0.19 to 93.5 micrograms of RW antigen E per injection. All patients produced a significant IgG response (median peak 3462 ng/ml, range 689 to 24,395), and 46/51 had significant increases in IgE antibody (median peak 231 ng/ml, range 12 to 1528). A threshold dose was defined for each patient's IgG and IgE response as that dose level which initiated a persistent increment in immunoglobulin to greater than or equal to 25% of pretreatment levels. The median threshold dose for IgE was 0.13 micrograms of antigen E, which was achieved in a median time of 42 days. The threshold dose for IgG was significantly higher (median 0.56 micrograms of antigen E; p = 0.001) and occurred significantly later (median 79 days; p = 0.003). Despite variability over 3 orders of magnitude, the thresholds for IgE and IgG responses were significantly correlated for individual patients (r = 0.487; p = 0.002). The maximum RW-IgE response occurred in a median of 107 days, after which IgE antibodies declined in 46 of 49 patients. The maximal IgG response occurred significantly later (median 245 days; p less than 0.001) and then plateaued or declined modestly. The doses required to achieve maximal IgE and IgG responses were significantly correlated (r = 0.638; p less than 0.001). The maximum IgG response was positively correlated with the maximal dose of RW antigen E received (r = 0592; p less than 0.001). In 28 of the 51 patients, the incremental rise in total serum IgE was more than twice that observed for RW-IgE at the time of the maximum response, suggesting a nonspecific effect of RW immunotherapy on total serum IgE levels. This discrepancy could not be accounted for by environmental stimulation from other known allergens, as assessed by skin testing, or by pretreatment levels of RW-IgE or total IgE. These observations indicate that the human IgE antibody response during high-dose RW immunotherapy is more sensitive to both stimulation and suppression by continuous allergen administration than is the IgG response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6607273 TI - High resolution CT scanning in infantile autism: a quantitative approach. PMID- 6607274 TI - 1,300 mg of aspirin daily. PMID- 6607275 TI - Transferable plasmid-mediated drug resistance among non-O1 Vibrio cholerae and rough strains of Vibrio cholerae from Tamilnadu, India. AB - A total of 289 non-O1 Vibrio cholerae (NVC) strains and 20 rough V. cholerae (RVC) strains isolated in an endemic area were tested for antibiotic resistance and for transferable R-plasmids. Twenty three per cent of NVC and 40% of the RVC isolates were found to be resistant to one or more drugs. Eight NVC and four RVC strains possessed multiple drug resistance, varying from four to eight drugs. The common spectrum found in NVC isolates were chloramphenicol and streptomycin (CS) or chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline and ampicillin (CSTA). Resistance to sulphamethoxazole (Su) and to trimethoprim (Tm) was encountered infrequently. In RVC isolates in addition CSTASuTm determinants, resistance markers to aminoglycosides kanamycin, gentamicin and neomycin were also found. Eighteen of the 27 V. cholerae strains with two or more resistance determinants transferred them en bloc to Escherichia coli K12. The level of resistance in the recipient strain was equal to or greater than that of the donor vibrio strains. Most of the strains possessing solitary resistance markers were unable to transfer them. beta lactamase production could be demonstrated in 92.8% of the ampicillin resistant strains. None of the strains was resistant to nalidixic acid or furazolidone. The results emphasize the importance of antimicrobic susceptibility determination of V. cholerae isolates, regardless of the serotypes, before commencing chemotherapy. PMID- 6607276 TI - Differential requirements for antigen processing by macrophages for lysozyme specific T cell hybridomas. PMID- 6607277 TI - The long-lived medullary thymocyte re-visited: precise quantitation of a very small subset. AB - The cortical and medullary regions of the thymus are well defined, both histologically and in terms of the phenotype and immunocompetence of the cells found in them. The relationship between the two populations is controversial however, and we still do not know which one contains the immediate precursors of peripheral T cells. Data derived from thymus grafts have suggested that medullary cells remain in the thymus for very long periods (perhaps a year or more) and this has been used as argument against the medulla being the source of significant numbers of emigrating cells. In those experiments, however, the T6 chromosomal marker was used to distinguish graft from host cells, so only cells that were dividing or could be induced to divide were detected, leaving the possibility of a considerable bias in the sample. We have repeated these experiments, but have used donor/host combinations differing at the Thy-1 locus, so that greater than 99% of graft cells could be analyzed. We have shown that medullary cells with a life span of more than a few weeks make up considerably less than 1% of the total thymocyte population, although these long-lived cells appear to be a real and potentially interesting population. Thus a long intrathymic life span is not typical of medullary cells in general and cannot be used as an argument against the medulla as a possible source of emigrant T cells. PMID- 6607278 TI - Thymus cell migration: analysis of thymus emigrants with markers that distinguish medullary thymocytes from peripheral T cells. AB - Peripheral T cells and cells from the thymic medulla have many phenotypic characteristics in common, and both populations are quite distinct from cortical thymocytes. The cells that migrate out of the thymus (thymus migrants) may be detected in the periphery as fluorescent cells shortly after intrathymic injection of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Our previous work has established that they resemble T cells and medullary thymocytes rather than cortical thymocytes, and are fully functional. In this report, we consider several phenotypic characteristics that differ between medullary thymocytes and peripheral T cells, namely size, buoyant density, and sensitivity to a new monoclonal antibody (B2A2) and complement. By these criteria, the fluorescence-labeled thymus migrants in spleen and lymph node tend to resemble medullary thymocytes and are distinct from the majority of T cells that surround them. This suggests, but does not prove, that migrants originate in the medulla. After adult thymectomy, the small population of medullary-thymocyte-like cells disappears from spleen and lymph node, further supporting the idea that cells leave the thymus with a medulla-like phenotype, and acquire normal peripheral T cell phenotype only after their arrival in the periphery. Thus, although thymus migrants appear to leave the thymus in an immunocompetent state and are phenotypically mature by most criteria, there are a few final maturation steps that occur after arrival in the periphery. PMID- 6607279 TI - Mechanisms of the failure of resting B cells to present tetanus toxoid antigen to T cells. AB - The present study examines the failure of resting B cells to present tetanus toxoid (TT) antigen to T cells. A hybrid antibody directed against TT and against human IgM was prepared from immunosorbent-purified rabbit anti-TT and rabbit anti human IgM. Peripheral blood B cells were prepared by double rosetting with sheep red cells and were depleted of monocytes by double adherence over plastic plates and by passage over a Sephadex G-10 column followed by treatment with OKM1 and complement. B cells were preincubated with medium or with hybrid antibody (60 micrograms/ml) for 1 hr at 4 degrees C, washed, irradiated (2500 R), and tested for their capacity to present TT to an autologous TT-specific T cell clone. B cells coated with the hybrid antibody took up equivalent amounts of 125I-TT as monocytes or EBV-B cells and they internalized fluorescein-labeled TT. In contrast, in the absence of hybrid antibody B cells took up negligible amounts of TT antigen. However, B cells preincubated with the hybrid antibody failed to induce proliferation of autologous TT-specific T cell clones in response to TT. This was not corrected by the addition of partially purified human interleukin I. EBV-B cells sequentially pulsed with hybrid antibody and then with TT for 1 hr at 4 degrees C were equivalent in their capacity to induce T cell proliferation to EBV-B cells presenting soluble TT to the T cells. In contrast EBV-B cells pulsed with TT alone at 4 degrees C failed to take up and present TT. Thus the failure of hybrid antibody-coated resting B cells to present TT reflects an intrinsic inability of the resting B cells to present antigen. Monolayers of hybrid antibody-coated B cells pulsed with TT were prepared on anti-human Fab-coated dishes and were compared with monolayers of TT-pulsed monocytes for their capacity to adsorb TT-specific autologous T cells. In contrast to TT-pulsed monocytes, TT-pulsed hybrid antibody-coated B cells completely failed to bind TT specific T cells. These results suggest that in addition to their poor antigen uptake resting B cells are incapable of processing antigen and generating the immunogenic moiety recognized by the T cells. PMID- 6607280 TI - Epidermal Langerhans cells can function as stimulatory cells but not as accessory cells in CTL induction. AB - In this study, we determined whether Langerhans cells (LC) can function as both stimulatory and accessory cells (ACC) in alloreactive and syngeneic modified CTL induction in vitro. LC exhibited potent Ia+ stimulatory function, comparable to spleen cells, in both allo-CTL induction and in TNP-modified CTL induction assays. In contrast to spleen cells, however, when LC were syngeneic to the responders in an Ia+-adherent cell-depleted CTL culture, they could not restore the CTL responses. This was due, in part, to the suppression of CTL induction, presumably via secretion of prostaglandin E by epidermal cells (EC), because addition of indomethacin reversed the suppression. Even in the presence of indomethacin, however, LC were unable to exhibit ACC function. Finally, we tested the possibility that both Ia+ and Ia- cells were required to fulfill ACC functions. However, when spleen cells treated with anti-Ia antibody and complement and EC and indomethacin were added to an Ia+-adherent cell-depleted CTL culture, there was no significant restoration of the CTL response. Thus, LC can clearly act as Ia+ stimulatory cells in CTL induction but cannot serve as ACC in CTL induction, whereas Ia+ spleen cells may subserve both functions. These data suggest a functional heterogeneity of Ia+ antigen-presenting cells in spleen and in epidermis. PMID- 6607281 TI - Modulation of human rheumatoid factor-specific lymphocyte responses with a cross reactive anti-idiotype bearing the internal image of antigen. AB - Rabbit anti-idiotypic antibodies to human rheumatoid factor (RF) autoantibodies were isolated by affinity chromatography on rabbit anti-human IgG Fc Sepharose 4B. The anti-idiotypic antibodies bore the "internal image" of the antigen, human IgG. They reacted specifically with multiple human monoclonal and polyclonal IgM RF, independent of any particular light or heavy chain amino acid sequence. The anti-idiotypes did not react with IgM or IgG proteins lacking RF activity. The present experiments determined the potential of the "internal image" antibodies to modulate in vitro lymphocyte functions. The addition of anti-idiotypic antibody to peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures from patients with rheumatoid arthritis elicited lymphocyte proliferation, but not RF synthesis. The antibody did not induce the proliferation of lymphocytes from a normal individual. Moreover, the anti-idiotype specifically suppressed IgM-RF secretory responses when preincubated with B cells before co-culture with autologous pokeweed mitogen-activated T cells. The data show that the anti-idiotypic antibodies with the "internal image" of antigen are capable of interacting with B cell receptors in an antigen-restricted manner, and possess specific immunomodulatory properties. PMID- 6607282 TI - Influence of Y and X chromosomes on B cell responses in autoimmune prone mice. AB - BXSB mice, unlike other autoimmune strains, carry a Y chromosome-linked gene for accelerated autoimmunity, reflected by early onset disease in male but not female animals. To investigate whether the Y chromosome factor acts through other autosomal genes or is in itself sufficient for early disease, partially inbred congenic NZB.BXSB and NZW.BXSB mice were developed and studied for levels of Ig secreting cells (IgFC) as a measure of their autoimmune state. In such mice, the BXSB contributed only the male chromosome and 3% of the autosomal genes. The results indicate that for full expression of autoimmunity, both the Y chromosome and one or more BXSB autosomal genes are required. In addition, the presence of the CBA/N xid gene results in a total reversal of any Y-linked effects. PMID- 6607283 TI - In vivo effects of antibodies against a high frequency idiotype of anti-DNA antibodies in MRL mice. AB - The in vivo effects of a rabbit antiserum against the dominant idiotype of MRL lpr/lpr anti-DNA antibodies (termed H130) were studied in MRL-lpr/lpr, MRL/++, and BALB/c mice. Under the conditions we examined, the anti-idiotype did not suppress anti-DNA antibodies or the H130 idiotype in either MRL-lpr/lpr or MRL/++ mice. By contrast, MRL/++ and BALB/c mice responded to the antiserum by producing antibodies with the H130 idiotype. The increase in levels of the idiotype was accompanied by a rise in anti-DNA antibodies only when F(ab')2 fragments of the rabbit antiserum were administered. Only about 10% of the induced H130+ immunoglobulins were anti-DNA antibodies. An immunoregulatory disturbance in MRL lpr/lpr mice may account for their resistance to anti-idiotypic antibodies. Treatment of autoimmune diseases with anti-idiotypes may have the undesired effect of augmenting the production of autoantibodies. PMID- 6607284 TI - Induction of interleukin 1 messenger RNA and translation in oocytes. AB - Macrophages and P388D1 murine cultured cells produce interleukin 1 (lymphocyte activating factor) when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or other agents. Poly A+ RNA extracted from either type of stimulated cells and injected into Xenopus oocytes causes synthesis of material with the biologic and biochemical properties of interleukin 1. It potentiates lectin-mediated thymocyte proliferation, and it has the molecular dimensions of interleukin 1, as determined by gel exclusion chromatography. RNA from either cell type causes the synthesis of interleukin 1 with an isoelectric point of 4.8 to 5.0. RNA prepared from unstimulated macrophages or P388D1 cells does not cause interleukin 1 production by oocytes. We conclude that the amount of interleukin 1 mRNA increases greatly after stimulation of either cell type, and oocytes carry out any modifications of the polypeptide necessary for activity. The kinetics of interleukin 1 mRNA accumulation and of interleukin 1 production by macrophages and P388D1 cells are compared. PMID- 6607285 TI - Cross-reactive idiotypes on heterologous anti-allotype antibody. AB - Specific anti-a1 Ab was isolated from rabbits, guinea pigs, mice, chickens, and a goat. Each of these preparations was able to inhibit the reaction between a1 IgG and rabbit anti-a1 Ab as well as the reaction between rabbit IdX (anti-a1 Ab) and rabbit anti-IdX (anti-anti-a1 Ab). Maximal levels of inhibition ranged from 75 to 100% in the latter assay. Although the relative binding efficiencies of each preparation varied widely, there was generally a positive correlation between the ability of an anti-allotype reagent to bind to a1 IgG and to anti-IdX Ab. Each of the heterologous anti-a1 Ab samples was able to form precipitin bands with rabbit anti-Id Ab. These bands fused with each other and with rabbit anti-a1 Ab. These results weaken the interpretation that the ubiquitous expression of IdX previously observed in the rabbit reflects shared conserved genes. We suggest that either 1) the anti-Id Ab represents high fidelity internal images of the a1 epitopes, or 2) latent a1 allotype Ig is present in the anti-IdX preparation. In either case, any anti-a1 Ab would be potentially reactive with the anti-IdX preparation. PMID- 6607286 TI - Quinacrine inhibits the primary but not secondary proliferative response of human cytotoxic T cells to allogeneic non-T cell antigens. AB - Quinacrine inhibited the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes from human peripheral blood T cells stimulated by allogeneic non-T cells as measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation as well as by cytolytic reactions against 51Cr labeled allogeneic lymphocytes. These observations were further supported by the finding that quinacrine inhibited the expression of Tac antigen, the receptor for growth factor(s). Because other phospholipase A2 inhibitors such as tetracaine and p-bromophenacyl bromide could inhibit these reactions, the inhibition of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses by quinacrine appeared to be attributable to the inhibition of phospholipase A2 in these cells. In keeping with this interpretation, arachidonate release from phospholipids in cytotoxic T cells stimulated by allogeneic non-T cells was inhibited by quinacrine. In contrast, the pretreatment of T cells with quinacrine did not result in the inhibition of their secondary proliferative response to the same stimulation with allogeneic non-T cells. These results, taken together, suggest that quinacrine does not inhibit the recognition of antigens by cytotoxic T cells, while it blocks the mitogenic response of T cells to allogeneic antigens. PMID- 6607287 TI - Development of respiratory mucosal tolerance during Haemophilus influenzae type B infection in infancy. AB - Groups of patients with different forms of infection with Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib), namely meningitis, epiglottitis, arthritis, and periorbital cellulitis, were evaluated for the appearance of serum IgG, IgA, IgM, and nasopharyngeal secretory (NPS) IgA (SIgA) antibody response to Hib capsular antigen at various intervals after the onset of clinical illness, by using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The serum immune response was characterized by its predictable absence in infants under 23 mo of age, and in those with meningitis who, regardless of age, had high levels of circulating antigen. On the other hand, antibody response was frequently detected in the serum of older infants. Significantly, however, the appearance of SIgA antibody was demonstrated in virtually all patients with Hib infections under 23 mo of age. In addition, a positive correlation was observed between the concentration of antigen NPS, the level of SIgA activity in the NPS, and the absence of antibody response in the serum. These observations are strikingly similar to the development of systemic hyporesponsiveness (oral tolerance) observed after oral administration of certain infectious or nonreplicating antigens in experimental animals. It is suggested that similar mechanisms may underlie the immunologic abnormalities observed in the serum antibody response in infants with Hib meningitis. PMID- 6607289 TI - The third complement factor (C3) and its in vivo cleavage products: interaction with lectins and precipitation with polyethylene glycol. AB - Five molecular forms of C3 expressing D but not C epitopes were identified following in vivo activation of the complement system. Examination of concanavalin A (Con-A) reactivity in crossed immunoelectrophoresis revealed that native C3, C3c and the beta mobile form 4 of C3d were completely precipitated by 100 micrograms Con A/cm2. The alpha-1 mobile form 1 of C3d did not interact with Con A, whereas the alpha-2 mobile forms 2 and 3 were retarded in electrophoretic migration by Con A. Native C3, C3c, and forms 4 and 5 of C3d were precipitated by 12% (w/v) polyethylene glycol (PEG). Form 1 of C3d was soluble in these PEG concentrations, whereas forms 2 and 3 were partially precipitated. PMID- 6607288 TI - Heterogeneity of infection enhancement of dengue 2 strains by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Seven dengue (DEN) 2 virus strains were studied for antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection in P388D1 mouse macrophage-like cells by using a panel of five DEN 2 monoclonal antibodies. DEN 2 strains were of diverse temporal, geographic, and disease origins. By hemagglutination inhibition and a plaque-reduction neutralization test in LLC-MK2 cells, two of the monoclonal antibodies were type specific and three were flavivirus group reactive. In LLC MK2 cells, the seven DEN 2 viruses each were neutralized by all five monoclonal antibodies. In P388D1 cells, two DEN 2 strains were enhanced by only three monoclonal antibodies, two by four antibodies, and three by all five antibodies, demonstrating that in some instances enhancement is epitope related and not a concentration-dependent function of virus-antibody interactions. However, ADE did not segregate with determinants exhibiting either the flavivirus group or the dengue type specificity. The presence or absence of enhancement determinants on DEN 2 strains did not correlate with the geographic origin of virus or the severity of disease yielding the strain. The heterogeneous distribution of enhancement determinants may provide a valence mechanism contributing to a multiple increase of infection enhancement in macrophages. PMID- 6607290 TI - Antigen-independent binding of rat immunoglobulins in a radioimmunoassay. Solutions to an unusual background problem. AB - A high non-specific binding of immunoglobulins to plastic surfaces was noted with a number of rat sera, when tested in an indirect 125I-labeled protein-A assay for detection of cell-surface-bound rat immunoglobulins of various classes and IgG subclasses. This type of non-specific binding was found with all types of Ig. The degree of binding varied with the type of test plate used and fluctuated with time among sera drawn sequentially from the same donors. Coating test wells with fetal calf serum supplemented with BSA, gelatin or fibrinogen did not eliminate the reactions. The immunoglobulins bind directly to the polystyrene, and not to antigens present in fetal calf serum or autoantigens in rat serum. Two different approaches were used to eliminate the nonspecific reaction. When living cells were used as target antigens, exclusively cell-bound radioactivity was eluted with the non-ionic detergent Nonidet P40, which solubilizes the cell membrane without breaking the protein-A/rabbit IgG, rabbit IgG/rat Ig, or rat Ig/plastic interactions. When rat serum antibodies are tested on target antigens adsorbed on non-tissue culture grade plates, non-specific binding may be avoided by including 0.05% Tween 20 in the incubation mixture. PMID- 6607291 TI - Case of the month. Persistent gingival bleeding. PMID- 6607292 TI - Immunochemical evidence for multiple beta units of the class II molecule in the rat. AB - The RT1-B/D region-associated antigens which were serologically defined in the previous study (Ohhashi et al., 1981), were partially purified from membranes of a rat B cell leukaemia, KNL-14. Sequential immunoprecipitation test, with the partially purified 125I-B/Dak preparation using four different rat alloantisera, including a monoclonal antibody, disclosed three distinctive populations of beta units of the class II molecules. Highly purified beta units of three discriminable class II molecules were shown to have different structural properties in terms of molecular weights and of electrophoretic profiles on the isoelectric focusing. The beta units shifted to a position of higher molecular weight on SDS-PAGE under reducing condition, thus suggesting to carry intradisulfide bonds. Furthermore, the highly purified beta units cross-reacted with murine anti-Ia sera. The rebinding test revealed that at least two discriminable species of beta units cross-react with anti-I-Ak monoclonal antibody, whereas beta units purified by binding with the 1E4 monoclonal antibody cross-reacted with anti-I-Ab and/or anti-I-Ad antiserum. On the basis of structural and antigenic properties, we have postulated that the rat class II region can be divided into at least three subregions, each containing a locus which encodes a distinctive beta unit of the class II molecule. PMID- 6607293 TI - Post-operative wound infection with Gardnerella vaginalis. AB - A case of wound infection after Caesarian section, in which Gardnerella vaginalis appeared to play a major role, is described. PMID- 6607294 TI - Association of altered dynamics of monocyte surface expression of human leukocyte antigen DR with immunosuppression in tuberculosis. AB - Monocyte (MN) surface human leukocyte antigen DR was examined in 10 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and 12 healthy individuals using OK11, a mouse monoclonal antibody to human DR, in a 51Cr-release cytotoxicity assay. Of freshly isolated MNs from TB patients, 39.1% +/- 4.4% (mean +/- SEM) were DR+, compared with 57.2% +/- 5.7% in healthy subjects (P less than 0.02). After 24 hr in culture, a sharp rise was observed in the TB group, to 78.1% +/- 11.6% (P less than 0.005), compared with 64.9% +/- 5.1% in the control group. The TB patient group could be subdivided on the basis of tuberculin purified protein derivative induced [3H]thymidine incorporation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). A significantly smaller fraction of MNs from tuberculin nonresponder TB patients was DR+ (34.6% +/- 6.0%) compared with healthy controls (59.4% +/- 8.6%; P less than 0.05). In the nonresponder group, a greater fraction of PBMCs was identifiable as MNs by cytochemical techniques (51.2% +/- 3.6% vs 38.0% +/- 5.0% in the responder group; P less than 0.02). Cell mixing experiments demonstrated increased suppressor activity of DR- MNs. PMID- 6607296 TI - Bacterial and fungal growth in urinary trichomoniasis. PMID- 6607295 TI - Reproducible production of protective human monoclonal antibodies by fusion of peripheral blood lymphocytes with a mouse myeloma cell line. AB - The production of monoclonal antibodies of human origin may represent a significant advance in immunotherapy for disease in humans. Although human monoclonal antibody has been produced from human lymphocytes by fusion with human myeloma cell lines or by Epstein-Barr viral transformation, fusion of postimmunization human lymphocytes with a mouse myeloma cell line is a relatively simple and reproducible alternative. Mouse-human hybrid cell lines were obtained in 205 (53%) of the microtiter wells initially seeded. Thirty-one (15%) of these hybrid cell lines secreted antibody of predefined specificity. Cloning was attempted with eight of the hybrid cell lines, and long-term antibody production was established in four of the lines: two hybridomas secreted antibody to the capsule of Haemophilus influenzae type b, one secreted antibody to tetanus toxoid, and one secreted antibody to diphtheria toxin. The production of mouse human hybridomas appears to be a reliable method for obtaining human monoclonal antibody of predefined specificity. PMID- 6607297 TI - [Immune complex and complement levels in spontaneous abortions and normal pregnancy]. AB - We gave attention to the following as specific immunological tolerance factors in pregnancy: a) the serum levels of circulated immune complex (IC), b) serum complement levels (C1q, C3, C4, C1-Inhibitor). The results were as follows: In spontaneous abortions measured by C1q binding test (Zubler et al.) IC levels did not differ significantly from those in normal pregnancies in the first trimester, but in both cases, IC levels were slightly higher than the levels in nonpregnant women. C1q and C1-Inhibitor levels in normal pregnancies were significantly lower than in nonpregnant women, and both levels in spontaneous abortions were significantly higher than in normal pregnancies. In cases of artificial and spontaneous abortions, increased IC levels were rapidly lowered to the normal range within 7 days after treatment and lowered C1q and C1-Inhibitor levels also returned to the normal range within 7 days. But these trends were more remarkable in artificial abortions. However, C3 and C4 levels did not change after treatment in either case. A negative correlation between complement levels (C1q, C3, C4) and IC levels in the third trimester was demonstrated in our study. PMID- 6607298 TI - [Studies of anti-lymphocyte antibodies, with special reference to anti-B cell antibodies in choriocarcinoma]. AB - For the purpose of elucidation of the immunologic properties of anti-lymphocyte antibodies which appeared in sera of choriocarcinoma patients, HLA typing of lymphocytes, complement-dependent lymphocytotoxicity test (CT) and mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR)-blocking assay with patients' sera were performed in 7 couples with the disease. The results obtained were as follows: HLA distribution characteristic of patients and their husbands was not observed. In 3 of 7 patients, their sera exhibited positive CT to their husband's lymphocyte. In MLR blocking assay, a significant blocking effects (BE) with sera were detected in all patients. The serum BE tended to be sustained for 4 to 8 months even after the decline of serum beta-hCG into the negative range. It was also observed that a case in whom the BE was positive for a longer period of time in a state of remission eventually underwent recurrence. It was demonstrated that the BE and MLR was induced by serum IgG antibodies closely associated with surface antigens of the husband's B-lymphocyte. Consequently, it was strongly suggested that serum anti-lymphocyte antibodies immunologically reflect the tumour burden in choriocarcinoma patients. PMID- 6607299 TI - [Fibrinolysis in pregnancy toxemia]. AB - Pathogenesis of toxemia of pregnancy has been studied of late in terms of coagulation and fibrinolysis, and the results show evidence of hypercoagulability but not of fibrinolysis which has remained unclarified. Our study aims to elucidate the fibrinolytic kinetics of toxemia in normal pregnant women divided into mild and severe types and eclampsia, and also to study changes in the coagulation and fibrinolytic system in toxemia given urokinase. In the affected group the following 1)--3) parameters characteristics were more significant than in other groups. 1) Decreased platelet count. 2) Prolonged ELT. 3) Increased AT III. 4) There was no significant difference between the groups examined in PT, APTT, Fbg., serum FDP, alpha 2-antipl., alpha 1-AT, alpha 2-MG, C1-INA, and plg. 5) Signs in eclampsia, with region slightly distributed, tended to resemble those in the serious group. 6) alpha 2-antipl., and alpha 1-AT in the case given urokinase tended to decrease. 7) There was observed a case of accelerating and lowering fibrinolysis that appeared simultaneously with the following signs: decreased alpha 2-antipl., increased serum FDP, and prolonged ELT; and also the case whose signs widely changed even after a relatively small dose of urokinase. The results obtained suggest the possibility of variable fibrinolytic kinetics. PMID- 6607300 TI - In vivo distribution of cytotoxic lymphocytes specifically stimulated against autologous tumor cells in vitro. PMID- 6607302 TI - Ototoxicity. PMID- 6607303 TI - The detection of squamous cell tumours of the head and neck using radio-labelled antibodies. PMID- 6607301 TI - Plasma lactoferrin reflects granulocyte activation via complement in burn patients. AB - Complement activation and neutropenia have been observed in thermally injured animals. In burn patients, granulocyte chemotaxis and morphological loss of specific granules occur. We conjectured that complement is activated in humans and, in turn, induces granulocytes to secrete lactoferrin (LF), a marker of granulocyte activation. Twenty burn patients were evaluated for absolute granulocyte count (AGC), plasma levels of anaphylatoxins (C3a, C4a, C5a), and lactoferrin. The AGC directly correlated with the extent of the burn on day 1. Similarly, plasma LF on day 1 correlated with the percent burn. Those with greater than 30% burn had plasma LF between 10 and 40 micrograms/ml (normal LF = 1.5 +/- 1.8 micrograms/ml). In five patients without further complications followed serially, plasma LF did not return to normal until 2 to 5 weeks. In all patients, there was evidence of complement activation; C4a ranged between 283 and 13,064 ng/ml and C3a between 19 and 852 ng/ml. In some patients, C5a was detectable, but the values correlated inversely with the extent of burn. On the other hand C3a and C4a levels did not correlate with the extent of burn but threefold to fivefold rises of C3a levels on days 7 and 9 predicted gram-negative sepsis. Although plasma LF did not predict sepsis, levels greater than 12 micrograms/ml on day 1 heralded the onset of neutropenia on day 3 in 60% of patients with 30% burn. Six of 20 patients developed pulmonary radiographic changes and, in five of the six, the changes occurred by day 3. Plasma LF in all six patients on day 1 was greater than 17 micrograms/ml. In two patients with greater than 50% burn, depletion of granulocyte LF was demonstrated histochemically. These studies indicate that complement is activated in burn patients, which is associated with granulocyte secretion. Measurement of plasma anaphylatoxins and LF may serve as useful aides in clinical management of these patients. PMID- 6607304 TI - Testimonial compulsion. The involuntary medical expert witness. PMID- 6607305 TI - Regulatory theory and prospective risk assessment in the limitation of scope of practice. PMID- 6607306 TI - Uniform Law Commissioners' Model Health-Care Consent Act. An overview. PMID- 6607307 TI - Uniform Law Commissioners' Model Health-Care Consent Act. Considerations in favor of adoption. PMID- 6607308 TI - Uniform Law Commissioners' Model Health-Care Consent Act. Considerations against adoption. PMID- 6607309 TI - Unprofessional or immoral conduct. License revocation and professional discipline of pharmacists. PMID- 6607310 TI - HLA-B27 in Thai patients with arthritis. PMID- 6607311 TI - Sex differences in behavioural androgen sensitivity: possible role of androgen metabolism. AB - Masculine sexual behaviour was induced in castrated sexually inactive but experienced male rats by testosterone-filled constant-release implants or daily injections of the synthetic androgen 17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-methyl-estra-4,9,11 triene-3-one (methyltrienolone, R 1881), which resists metabolism by target organs. Feminization of the hepatic androgen metabolism by subcutaneous implantation of osmotic minipumps, which delivered a constant amount of human GH, did not affect the behavioural response of castrated rats to testosterone. Testosterone implants were only minimally effective in inducing male behaviour in ovariectomized female rats, but R 1881 was as effective in stimulating male behaviour in females as in males. Testosterone-treated but not R 1881-treated females showed pronounced female sexual behaviour in response to progesterone treatment despite the absence of measureable amounts of oestradiol-17 beta in peripheral blood. The results provide evidence that masculine sexual behaviour can be activated by an androgen in the absence of oestrogenic stimulation and suggest that the sex difference in the behavioural response to testosterone may be due to a sex difference in the metabolism of androgens by the brain. PMID- 6607312 TI - Identification of a specific interleukin 1 inhibitor in the urine of febrile patients. AB - The urine of febrile patients has been found to contain high concentrations of an inhibitor of interleukin 1 (IL-1)-induced thymocyte proliferation. The inhibitor is specific for IL-1 and does not block the effects of interleukin 2 (IL-2) or phytohemagglutin (PHA) on thymocytes, and it is not nonspecifically toxic for these cells. IL-1 inhibitor can be found in the urine of normal individuals and afebrile patients, but is present in increased concentrations in the urine of patients with fever of diverse etiologies. Preliminary physicochemical characterization indicates that the inhibitor is a 20-40-kdalton protein. PMID- 6607313 TI - High resolution banding analysis of the involvement of strain BALB/c- and AKR derived chromosomes No. 15 in plasmacytoma-specific translocations. AB - Plasmacytomas were induced in (BALB/c X AKR 6;15) X BALB/c backcross mice where one of the BALB/c-derived chromosomes No. 15 was replaced by the AKR(6;15) derived Robertsonian 6;15 chromosome. (BALB/c X AKR 6;15)F2 mice that were homozygous for Rb 6;15 were mated to BALB/c mice. Plasmacytomas were induced in the progeny by intraperitoneal injection of pristane. The cytogenetic marker permitted the distinctive identification of the two chromosome 15 homologues, including the distal segment involved in the plasmacytoma-specific translocations. 7 of the 10 plasmacytomas contained the typical t(12;15) translocation. The BALB/c-derived 15 chromosome served as the donor of the translocated segment in six of them. In the seventh, the Rb 6;15 chromosome of the AKR strain was the donor. The remaining three tumors contained the same type of intrachromosomal rearrangement. It arose by the pericentric inversion of the Rb 6;15 chromosome, leading to a variant plasmacytoma-associated rcpt (6;15) translocation. Unlike the usual 6;15 variant that arises by a reciprocal exchange between two separate chromosomes, it was generated by an exchange of the distal segments of a single chromosomal element. High resolution banding analysis of the tumors showed that all translocated breakpoints on chromosomes 15, 12, and 6 were identical with the previously described breakpoints characteristic for the typical 12;15 and the variant 6;15 translocation in murine plasmacytomas. It is known that the distal segment of chromosome 15 carries the c-myc oncogene (23). The PC-associated translocations cut across the 5'-exon of c-myc in the majority of the cases (24,26). The severed oncogene is transposed to the Ig-region on the recipient chromosome. Since the BALB/c strain is highly sensitive to PC induction, we were interested to examine the question whether its chromosome 15 is preferred as the oncogene donor in AKR X BALB/c backcross mice that carry cytogenetically distinguishable 15 chromosomes. Our results show that this is not the case, since the same segment of the AKR-derived chromosome 15 could also serve in the same capacity. This is in contrast with T cell leukemogenesis where we have previously found that the trisomization-associated duplication of chromosome 15 occurred in a highly asymmetrical fashion, depending on the donor strain of No. 15 (9-11). PMID- 6607314 TI - Thymic cytotoxic T lymphocytes are primed in vivo to minor histocompatibility antigens. AB - Potent cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity can be derived from cultures of thymocyte responders and minor H different spleen cell stimulators. As is the case of the spleen cell response previously reported, this cytotoxic activity requires in vivo priming. We performed several experiments designed to determine whether the in vivo priming effect is due to the in situ priming of the thymocyte CTL precursors, to contamination of thymus cell preparations with cells of neighboring lymph nodes, or to the appearance in the thymus of antigen-reactive peripheral T cells. We show by depletion of peripheral cells with antilymphocyte serum and part body irradiation that recent thymic immigrants derived from the bone marrow contribute to the primed thymic response. Thymic CTL were primed in animals in which peripheral T cell responses were completely eliminated by repeated treatment in vivo with monoclonal anti-Thy-1 reagents. Primed, antigen activated lymph node cells were also demonstrated to contribute to the thymus derived CTL response. Thus, the minor H-specific thymic CTL response is due both to in situ priming and the immigration of activated peripheral T cells. We discuss the possible significance for models of T cell differentiation of the presence within the thymus of antigen and antigen-reactive mature T cells. PMID- 6607315 TI - Immune dysfunction in diabetes-prone BB rats. Interleukin 2 production and other mitogen-induced responses are suppressed by activated macrophages. AB - Spleen cells of diabetes-prone BB Wistar rats were found to generate excessively low proliferative responses, and interleukin 2 (IL-2) levels in response to T dependent mitogens. This abnormality was not due solely to abnormal T cell numbers since: (a) addition of BB spleen cells of BB splenic macrophages to normal major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-matched Wistar Furth (WF) spleen cells resulted in severe suppression of concanavalin A (Con A)-, phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-, and pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-mediated proliferation, and IL-2 production; (b) macrophage depletion from BB spleen cells, but not B cell or T cell depletion, removed completely the suppressive effects of BB cells on WF cells; (c) macrophage depletion greatly enhanced the response of BB lymphocytes to T-dependent mitogens. Although suppressor macrophages could also be found in the spleen of WF control rats they were present in much smaller numbers than in the spleen of BB rats. The suppressive effect of BB macrophages was partially reduced by addition of the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor indomethacin to cultures. Furthermore, indomethacin (but not catalase or PMA) considerably augmented IL-2 secretion of Con A-stimulated BB spleen cells, but had little effect on WF spleen cells. In contrast, prostaglandins E1 and E2 (PGE1 and PGE2) suppressed IL-2 production. While IL-2 secretion was severely depressed in BB rats unstimulated and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated IL-1 secretion by splenic macrophages was normal. BB macrophages did not inactivate IL-2. Low IL-2 production and macrophage-mediated suppression were features of all BB rats tested. PMID- 6607316 TI - Cytotoxic T cells both produce and respond to interleukin 2. AB - Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a T cell-derived lymphokine that serves as a cofactor for the in vitro response of T lymphocytes to antigen and plays an important role in regulating the growth and/or differentiation of these cells (1, 2). It has been postulated (2, 3) that IL-2 is produced by a discrete regulatory T cell subset, with its effects being exerted on a second, functionally distinct subpopulation of T cells. Cytotoxic T cells have been included in the IL-2-responsive subset (3). Several models of immune regulation have further assumed that the T lymphocyte pool is divided into a complex array of genetically preprogrammed T cell subtypes, each performing a specific regulatory or effector function (4, 5). However, recent results from several laboratories (6-8) have failed to support such a strict functional subdivision of the T cell pool. The availability of highly purified mouse IL-2 (1) prompted us to reevaluate the distinction, if any, between IL-2-producing and IL-2- responsive T cells. For this purpose, we resorted to a cell-cloning procedure using activated T lymphocytes that were maintained only for short periods in culture. T cell clones were tested for cytotoxic activity, responsiveness to IL-2, and for the capacity to produce IL-2 after appropriate stimulation. We found no evidence for the existence of a major functional subdivision involving these parameters among alloantigen-activated T cells: the majority of clones analyzed could perform all three functions. PMID- 6607317 TI - The Family Health Tree: a form for identifying physical symptom patterns within the family. AB - The Family Health Tree is introduced as a form to simplify the identification of physical symptom patterns within the family. Four kinds of information related to family systems that are consolidated by this form are simultaneity of symptoms, similarity of symptoms across family members, any dominant physical symptom within the family, and degree of focus vs distribution of symptoms among family members. Use of this information for prediction, patient education, and preventive health care is discussed. PMID- 6607318 TI - Early versus late lateral ventricular enlargement following closed head injury. AB - Serial computed tomographic scans in 39 closed head injury patients were measured by planimetry. The ventricle-brain ratio was computed, and the lateral ventricles were considered to be enlarged or normal based on measurements from a control group. Delayed ventricular enlargement was common after head injury producing low Glasgow Coma Scale scores and prolonged coma, whereas subarachnoid/intraventricular haemorrhage was more common with early enlargement. The degree of ventriculomegaly was related to neuropsychological test performance only when enlargement was delayed. It is postulated that diffuse axonal injury and hypoxic-ischaemic insult contributed to late ventricular enlargement, whereas a compensated obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid may be the predominant cause in the early group. PMID- 6607319 TI - Operative findings on microsurgical exploration of the cerebello-pontine angle in trigeminal neuralgia. AB - The anatomical findings in 52 patients undergoing posterior fossa exploration for idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia are described. Anatomical abnormalities in the cerebello-pontine angle were found in 46. The commonest was an arterial loop indenting or distorting the nerve at the root entry zone. In view of this the operative procedure has been changed from root section to microvascular decompression. PMID- 6607320 TI - Spontaneous intracranial hypotension with slit ventricles. AB - A case of spontaneous intracranial hypotension syndrome is described. Computed tomography showed slit ventricles with tight basal cisterns. Prompt improvement of symptoms was achieved by intramuscular dexamethasone treatment. A follow-up CT scan demonstrated re-expansion of ventricles and basal cisterns. PMID- 6607321 TI - Cervical cord compression due to chondromatous change in a patient with metaphysial aclasis. PMID- 6607322 TI - Neuro-otological abnormalities in Friedreich's ataxia. AB - Ten patients with an accepted diagnosis of Friedreich's ataxia have been examined neuro-otologically, and oculomotor, vestibular and auditory function assessed. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) were also recorded. A high incidence of various eye movement disorders was noted. Some of these were indicative of cerebellar dysfunction. Reduced vestibular function and impaired hearing were common to most of the patients. BAEPs were also abnormal in the majority; reasons underlying these abnormalities are discussed. Neuro-otologically, the patients did not constitute an homogeneous group. The findings cast doubt upon the accuracy and validity of the currently accepted criteria for the diagnosis and classification of the spinocerebellar degenerations. PMID- 6607323 TI - Immunomodulation by recombinant interferon-alpha 2 in a phase I trial in patients with lymphoproliferative malignancies. AB - A single rising dose tolerance trial of rDNA interferon-alpha 2 (IFN-alpha 2) was conducted in eight patients with the diagnoses of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), multiple myeloma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Patients received a total of six i.m. doses at weekly intervals as follows: 1, 3, 10, 30, 60, and 100 x 10(6) IU. Patients were monitored at each dose level for serum IFN activity, anti-IFN antibodies, immunomodulation, clinical toxicity, and response. All patients exhibited clinical toxicity, including fever, chills, fatigue, headache, anorexia, mild-to-moderate leukopenia, nausea, and vomiting. Toxicity was dose related, with significant side effects occurring in all patients at levels of 10 x 10(6) IU and above and some evidence of tachyphylaxis at higher doses. All side effects, including leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, were of short duration and were resolved within 3-5 days. Fevers, rigors, myalgias, and fatigue were partially alleviated by premedication with acetaminophen or hydrocortisone. Pharmacokinetic data indicated mean peak serum IFN titers greater than 90 at a dose of 10 x 10(6) IU and greater than or equal to 200 at doses greater than or equal to 30 x 10(6) IU 8 h after injection. No anti-IFN antibodies were detected. However, the serum levels achieved at higher doses were not linear, possibly indicating in vivo degradation. Total T cells, B cells, monocytes, and T subsets monitored by flow cytometry with monoclonal antibodies remained essentially constant throughout the trial. Although some patients demonstrated minor augmentations of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and natural killing (NK) activity at the lowest IFN-alpha 2 doses, the majority of patients demonstrated decreases in NK activity after higher IFN doses. No correlation between immunomodulation and clinical response to IFN was observed. At higher dose levels, the predominant immunomodulatory effect of IFN-alpha 2 was suppression of NK, ADCC, and blastogenic responses to T-cell mitogens and recall antigens. B-cell functional deficits as well as radioresistant T-helper and radiosensitive T-suppressor function assessed in a pokeweed mitogen-driven immunoglobulin secretion assay appeared unaffected by IFN administration. One myeloma patient showed progression and was discontinued after 60 x 10(6) IU. There were four patients (3 NHL, 1 myeloma) who achieved partial remission (greater than or equal to 50% tumor reduction) and three (1 CLL, 2 NHL) who showed objective tumor responses of less than 50%. These data suggest that rDNA IFN-alpha 2 is well-tolerated and may have significant antitumor activity against lymphoproliferative malignancies. Clin PMID- 6607324 TI - Parameters of interferon action: II. Immunological effects of recombinant leukocyte interferon (IFN-alpha 2) in phase I-II trials. AB - Twenty-nine patients receiving recombinant interferon (IFN-alpha 2; Schering Plough Corp., Bloomfield, NJ) were studied for changes in natural killer (NK) activity measured by a 4-h 51Cr release assay against K562 cells, and T-cell subsets were determined by indirect immunofluorescence of Leu series monoclonal antibodies (Becton-Dickinson, Mountain View, CA). Seventeen cancer patients received daily i.m. injections of IFN-alpha 2 from 3 to 100 x 10(6) U/day for 28 consecutive days or to tolerance. Twelve of an anticipated 16 melanoma patients have been studied during a phase I trial using the i.v. route with the same recombinant IFN-alpha 2. NK activity rose during the first week of i.m. therapy from 49 +/- 6.5 to 67 +/- 6.2 (mean +/- SE, day 8) at both high (greater than or equal to 30 x 10(6) U/day) and low (less than or equal to 10 x 10(6) U/day) doses. This trend was not observed during therapy by the i.v. route at similar doses, in which NK activity tended to decrease in patients receiving 30 x 10(6) U/day or more. Changes in T-cell subsets were observed in both trials; Leu 3a/2a (helper phenotype/suppressor phenotype) ratio rose twofold in patients receiving i.m. IFN-alpha 2 at higher doses. A rise in Leu-3a+ and a fall in Leu 2a+ T cells account for the change. No change in T-cell subsets was seen in patients treated at low doses (less than or equal to 10(7) U/day) by the i.m. route. By contrast, the Leu 3a/2a ratio fell by 50% in patients who received 30 x 10(6) U/day or more of IFN-alpha 2 by the i.v. route, reflecting a fall in Leu 3a+ cells and a rise in Leu 2a+ cells. Thus, opposite changes in several parameters of immune competence occurred during treatment of patients with melanoma and other cancers, with a single recombinant IFN subspecies given by two different routes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6607325 TI - Delayed onset of experimental allergic neuritis in rats treated with reserpine. AB - In delayed-type hypersensitivity most of the invading cells are not specifically sensitized against the initiating antigen but are augmenting cells called in by inflammatory mediators. It has been suggested that vasoactive amines, such as the monoamine serotonin, released by the action of sensitized T-cells on mast cells, may participate in the perivascular emigration of these cells that do not normally leave the blood. To test this hypothesis in experimental allergic neuritis (EAN), Lewis rats sensitized on day zero were treated with a single dose of the monoamine-depleting drug reserpine (2.5 mg/kg) immediately before the onset of early clinical signs on day nine (reserpine day 9, Rd9); during the onset of early clinical signs on day ten (Rd10); or immediately after the onset of early clinical signs on day 11 (Rd11). The results showed that the onset of early clinical signs was delayed in the Rd9 treated rats until approximately day thirteen whereas no effect on the course of the disease was observed in the Rd11 rats, and variable results were obtained in the Rd10 animals. Infiltration of mononuclear cells and leakage of 125I-albumin into the peripheral nerve was reduced in the Rd9 rats killed during the suppressed period. The delay in the onset of early clinical signs in the Rd9 rats correlated well with the time course of serotonin depletion as reflected by levels in the peripheral blood of reserpine-treated normal animals. Although a role for histamine could not be demonstrated, the results suggest that other vasoactive amines are involved in the reaction. These results, therefore, would support the hypothesis that vasoactive amines play a role in the perivascular transit of inflammatory cells in EAN. PMID- 6607327 TI - Radionuclide estimation of cerebrospinal fluid shunt flow. Evidence supporting an alternative theoretical model. AB - Flow of cerebrospinal fluid through a surgically implanted valve may be estimated by analyzing the disappearance curve resulting from the injection of a radiotracer into the valve. The standard method for estimating flow assumes an exponential disappearance of the tracer from the valve. This method models the valve as a single well-mixed compartment. Experimental evidence, showing that estimates of flow were dependent upon the site of injection, is at variance with this assumption. An alternative method of analyzing the disappearance curves, based on the area to height ratio (A/H) of the curves, was found to be more consistent with the experimental evidence and resulted in greater precision than the exponential method. It was concluded that optimal results are obtained using the A/H method with a fixed injection technique. PMID- 6607326 TI - Treatment of CSF shunt infections with intrashunt plus oral antibiotic therapy. AB - Infections of 12 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts in 11 children were treated with oral systemic antibiotic therapy plus daily intrashunt injections of antibiotics. Eight patients were infected with Staphylococcus epidermidis (four patients) or Staphylococcus aureus (four patients), and were treated with intrashunt vancomycin, plus oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (T/S), plus oral rifampin. One of these eight patients was later changed to a course of intrashunt cephapirin and oral cephalexin plus oral rifampin. One patient with Micrococcus varians infection was treated with oral T/S and rifampin, without intrashunt therapy, another patient with Pseudomonas cepacia infection was treated with intrashunt kanamycin plus oral T/S, and a third with Corynebacterium sp. infection was treated with intrashunt vancomycin plus oral T/S. Eight of the 11 patients required some form of shunt surgery, the most common being temporary externalization of the peritoneal end of the catheter. Only two shunts were completely replaced (both were ventriculojugular shunts which were changed to ventriculoperitoneal shunts). Nine of 10 evaluable cases were considered cured of their infections. The patient treated with cephalosporins had an uncorrected shunt malfunction and relapsed 1 month after completing therapy. The authors have shown that CSF shunts infected with Staphylococci can be effectively cleared with daily intrashunt vancomycin plus systemic therapy with oral T/S and rifampin. Less common infections may also be amenable to this form of therapy. Revision surgery, if necessary, should be carried out during the antibiotic therapy. PMID- 6607328 TI - Surgical considerations in treatment of intraventricular cysticercosis. An analysis of 45 cases. AB - Infestations of the human brain with the larval stage of Taenia solium, once an infrequent diagnosis in the United States, is now a more frequently encountered clinical entity especially in population centers with high immigrant flux. During a recent 5-year period 45 cases of intraventricular cysticerosis have been evaluated and treated. Modes of involvement included isolated cyst formation, ependymitis, or combinations of both. Evidence of associated parenchymatous involvement was present in 20% of cases. Sites of infestation included the lateral ventricle (five cases), third ventricle (12 cases), Sylvian aqueduct (four cases), and fourth ventricle (24 cases). Mean post-therapy follow-up periods for this series exceed 36 months. This experience indicates that direct excision is the treatment of choice for ventricular cystic lesions, but that management, operative planning, and expectations should be influenced by considerations of: 1) the potential for acute clinical deterioration (38%); 2) the potential for cyst migration; 3) attendant ependymitis, defined by computerized tomography or verified at surgery; 4) the potential for increase in cyst volume with local mass effect; 5) selection and institution of corridors of surgical access that establish alternative routes of cerebrospinal fluid flow; and 6) the possibility of cyst excision by a stereotaxic endoscopic procedure. PMID- 6607330 TI - Fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin clearance in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. AB - We evaluated fecal clearance of alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) as a method of detecting and quantitating intestinal protein loss in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. We investigated alpha 1-AT clearance (C alpha 1-AT) in 14 patients (seven with Crohn's disease, seven with ulcerative colitis) and in 10 children with gastrointestinal disorders and normal serum albumin values who served as controls. The inflammatory bowel disease patients were analyzed for nutritional status, intestinal absorption, disease activity and distribution, and presence or absence of rectal bleeding. alpha 1-AT was measured in stool (72-h collections) and serum by radial immunodiffusion, and the clearance was calculated. The mean C alpha 1-AT in patients with inflammatory bowel disease was significantly (p less than 0.05) higher than that of the controls. C alpha 1-AT in the former patients was inversely related to the serum albumin level (p less than 0.001), but not to disease activity, medications, absorption, nutritional status, or moderate rectal bleeding. In the patients with Crohn's disease there was a trend to increased C alpha 1-AT from only ileal to diffuse small intestinal disease involvement. We conclude that in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, fecal clearance of alpha 1-AT is a useful method for quantitating intestinal protein loss, and that moderate rectal bleeding does not affect the C alpha 1-AT determination. PMID- 6607329 TI - Dosing implications of rapid elimination of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - The first-dose and steady-state pharmacokinetics of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole were determined in 14 patients with cystic fibrosis. When pharmacokinetic data from the first dose were compared with those at steady state, both TMP and SMZ showed expected accumulations in serum concentrations and decreases in total body clearance. The area under the SMZ serum concentration time curve was significantly greater at steady state, suggesting drug accumulation during long-term therapy. When pharmacokinetic characteristics for TMP and SMZ obtained in patients with cystic fibrosis were compared with those reported for normal adults, the patients were found to have shorter elimination half-lives and greater plasma clearances. In addition, the apparent volume of distribution for TMP was smaller for patients with cystic fibrosis than for normal adults, consistent with their reduced mass of adipose tissue. Our data support the need for increased dosing or decreased dosing intervals when administering TMP-SMZ to patients with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 6607331 TI - A modified Sugiura operation for bleeding varices in children. AB - Objections to portal systemic shunting in children with life-threatening hemorrhage from esophageal varices include the high incidence of postshunt encephalopathy with neurologic and psychiatric sequelae and the inability to provide an adequate shunt in very young children. We have operated on eight children in the past 4 years for bleeding varices. The causes were: portal vein thrombosis (3), congenital hepatic fibrosis (2), chronic active hepatitis (2), and cystic fibrosis (1). The ages at operation were between 2 and 17 years. These children underwent various modifications of an operation described by Sugiura. The operation we have developed is done through a single thoracoabdominal incision, dividing and anastomosing the esophagus with a stapler, preserving the vagal innervation to the pylorus and antrum, and wrapping the fundus around the distal esophagus at the site of the anastomosis. The venous drainage of the lower esophagus and of the upper stomach is divided. The operation is therefore shorter and simpler, but adheres to the principles enunciated by Sugiura. Complications include one significant postoperative anastomotic leak and one symptomatic esophageal stricture. Longterm results have been gratifying with no evidence of rebleeding from esophageal varices. We believe that our modification of the original Sugiura operation is the preferred therapy of bleeding esophageal varices when surgical intervention is indicated because it preserves the normal structure and function of the upper gastrointestinal tract as well as the portal venous drainage to the liver. PMID- 6607334 TI - Specious causal attributions in the social sciences: the reformulated stepping stone theory of heroin use as exemplar. AB - The claims based on causal models employing either statistical or experimental controls are examined and found to be excessive when applied to social or behavioral science data. An exemplary case, in which strong causal claims are made on the basis of a weak version of the regularity model of cause, is critiqued. O'Donnell and Clayton claim that in order to establish that marijuana use is a cause of heroin use (their "reformulated stepping-stone" hypothesis), it is necessary and sufficient to demonstrate that marijuana use precedes heroin use and that the statistically significant association between the two does not vanish when the effects of other variables deemed to be prior to both of them are removed. I argue that O'Donnell and Clayton's version of the regularity model is not sufficient to establish cause and that the planning of social interventions both presumes and requires a generative rather than a regularity causal model. Causal modeling using statistical controls is of value when it compels the investigator to make explicit and to justify a causal explanation but not when it is offered as a substitute for a generative analysis of causal connection. PMID- 6607332 TI - Open lung biopsy in the immunocompromised pediatric patient. AB - Rapidly progressive pulmonary distress occurs as a secondary complication in immunocompromised pediatric patients. These patients usually develop a pattern of diffuse alveolar and/or interstitial infiltrates on chest x-ray and pursue a rapidly downhill course despite intensive respiratory support with the use of multiple and varied antimicrobial regimens. These patients are subjected to diagnostic open lung biopsies to establish a diagnosis. The diagnostic value of open lung biopsy and its current impact on therapy is not clearly established. This retrospective study attempts to determine the impact of open lung biopsy on diagnosis and therapeutic outcome. Between November, 1974, and October, 1982, 40 diagnostic open lung biopsies were performed on immunocompromised patients with clinically progressive respiratory disease. Adequate follow-up for complete evaluation was possible in 34 of these patients. Most of these patients had hematologic malignancies and all were on chemotherapeutic drugs at time of open lung biopsy. Open lung biopsy was considered helpful, ie, resulted in a change in antimicrobial therapy or substantiated preoperative therapy, in 17 of our 34 patients (50%). A "treatable" condition, amenable to antimicrobial therapy, was diagnosed in 16 of our patients (47%). Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis (PCP) was the most common diagnosis in 11 (69%) of our "treatable" patients. The remaining five "treatable" patients had sarcoidosis (1), histiocytosis X (1), bacterial pneumonitis (1) and fungal pneumonitis (2). No diagnosis was achieved by open lung biopsy in ten (30%) of our patients. There were two complications attributable to open lung biopsy (6%), including one death. All PCP patients treated with trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (T/S) survived.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6607333 TI - Experiences with phrenic nerve pacing in children. AB - We report a series of four spinal cord-injured children with ventilator dependency who were implanted with radiofrequency phrenic nerve pacers. At injury, their ages ranged from 6 to 9 years. Implantation occurred from 15 to 47 months following injury. The longest term of pacing has been 59 months. One patient, who was being paced full-time, died suddenly at 32 months of a viral myocarditis. Two patients underwent bipolar phrenic implantation in the neck, while two other patients underwent bilateral thoracotomy with monopolar electrode implantation in the mediastinum. There have been no complications related to pacer dysfunction in the postoperative course. Selective pacing schedules have been developed to minimize problems related with external mechanical ventilation. Radiofrequency phrenic nerve pacing is of value in the complete rehabilitative management of these severely disabled children. PMID- 6607335 TI - [Carbon monoxide inhibition of 21-hydroxylase and 17 alpha-hydroxylase activities in porcine adrenal microsomes]. PMID- 6607336 TI - Pharmacokinetics of heparin VII: Effect of pregnancy on the relationship between concentration and anticoagulant action of heparin in rats. AB - The effect of pregnancy on the anticoagulant action of heparin was determined by comparing the slope of the relationship between the natural logarithm of the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and heparin concentration (the heparin slope) in the plasma of pregnant and nonpregnant female inbred Lewis rats. Also determined were the prothrombin time, hematocrit, and the activities of coagulation factors II, VII, VIII, X, XI, and XII. The heparin slope was significantly decreased in pregnant rats at the 20th day of gestation but not in rats at the 10th day of gestation, indicative of a decreased anticoagulant action of heparin in late pregnancy. The hematocrit and prothrombin time were decreased, and the baseline APTT (i.e., the APTT without added heparin) as well as the activities of factors II, VII, and X were increased in pregnant rats at the 20th day of gestation. Both pregnant and nonpregnant animals showed a significant negative correlation between prothrombin time and factor II activity and a significant positive correlation between the activities of factors II and X. The effects of pregnancy in rats on heparin slope, prothrombin time, hematocrit, and factors VII, VIII, X, and XII are qualitatively the same as those in pregnant women in the third trimester. The increases in factor II activity and baseline APTT found in the rats were not observed in humans. Pregnant rats, like pregnant women, are relatively resistant to the anticoagulant action of heparin. PMID- 6607337 TI - Effects of primidone, phenobarbital and phenylethylmalonamide in the stimulated frog neuromuscular junction. AB - The effects of primidone (1.0 mM), phenobarbital (0.2 mM) and phenylethylmalonamide (PEMA) (1.0 mM) on nerve-stimulated transmitter release (quantal content) were determined for extracellular Ca++ concentrations ([Ca++]0) from 0.4 to 0.8 mM at 1.0 Hz nerve stimulation frequency. At these [Ca++]0, the relationship between the log of quantal content vs. the log of [Ca++]0 is linear. Both primidone and phenobarbital increased quantal content to 171% of controls. These drugs, however, caused parallel shifts of the log-log plot of quantal content vs. [Ca++]0 to the left. Thus, drug effects were not modified by varying [Ca++]0. These drugs were also examined on frequency facilitation. During frequency facilitation, the relationship between the log of quantal content vs. nerve-stimulation frequency (0.5-8.0 Hz) is linear. Both primidone and phenobarbital caused parallel shifts of this plot to the left. These drug effects, therefore, were not modified by nerve stimulation frequency. PEMA did not affect quantal content in either series of experiments. Finally, the sciatic nerve was not stimulated and spontaneous transmitter release was measured. Under these conditions, phenobarbital increased transmitter release in high external K+ (7.5 mM) (1.8 mM Ca++, no Mg++) and in normal K+ (2.5 mM) (1.8 mM Ca++, no Mg++) to the same magnitude (130% of control) in contrast to the reported effects of primidone and PEMA. In conclusion, the effects of primidone, phenobarbital and PEMA were different in the stimulated frog neuromuscular junction. PMID- 6607338 TI - Serotonin formation in nonblood-perfused rat kidneys. AB - Infusion of the aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase substrate L-5 hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP) at 1.5, 3.0 and 15 micrograms/min into isolated Krebs Henseleit-perfused rat kidneys was associated with serotonin output in the urinary and venous effluents. Serotonin was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography using electrochemical detection. Infusion at the two higher doses of L-5-HTP caused marked increases in renal vascular resistance (RVR) of over 80 and 490%, respectively. Administration of the aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor carbidopa (20 micrograms) decreased serotonin output and RVR to base line levels despite continued infusion of L-5-HTP. Infusion of the D-isomer of 5 HTP at 3 micrograms/min did not significantly alter RVR and produced minimal increases in serotonin output relative to L-5-HTP. These results are consistent with the stereospecific formation of serotonin from its amino acid precursor 5 HTP by whole rat kidney. PMID- 6607339 TI - An antiabsorptive basis for precipitated withdrawal diarrhea in morphine dependent rats. AB - Diarrhea is a common manifestation of withdrawal from opiates in dependent subjects. This study examined the possibility that this diarrhea results in part from alterations in intestinal fluid transport. Isolated loops of jejunum, ileum and colon were created in morphine-dependent and nondependent rats implanted s.c. with morphine or lactose pellets, respectively. The administration of naltrexone (1 mg/kg s.c.) or its quaternary analog methylnaltrexone (0.01-3 mg/kg i.v.), which does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier, produced a dose-related reduction in fluid absorption from the jejunum and colon of dependent animals only. Similar effects were observed after the i.c.v. injection of quaternary naltrexone (1.0-10 microgram/rat). Both narcotic antagonists, given by any route, produced no change in ileal absorption. Pretreatment with hexamethonium (10 mg/kg i.v.) or atropine (4 mg/kg i.v.) attenuated the antiabsorptive effects of quaternary naltrexone on the jejunum. Serosal addition of naltrexone (10 microM) had no effect on Na or Cl fluxes, short-circuit current or tissue conductance across isolated segments of intestinal mucosa from dependent and nondependent rats. These results indicate that precipitated opiate withdrawal is associated with decreases in jejunal and colonic fluid absorption mediated at sites within both the central nervous system and periphery. Moreover, these effects are not a consequence of a direct opiate action on enterocytes. PMID- 6607340 TI - The variation in shortening heat with sarcomere length in frog muscle. AB - Pairs of frog semitendinosus muscles were stimulated tetanically for 2 s at 0 degree C and, after 0.75 s of isometric contraction, were released at constant velocity for 0.16 s. The distance shortened was 0.3 micron per sarcomere. The extra heat (shortening heat) associated with the release was determined by comparison with isometric control tetani. The mean sarcomere length at the start of stimulation was varied between 2.25 and 3.75 microns. At the greater initial lengths there was considerable resting tension and heat was absorbed during releases of unstimulated muscles. This thermoelastic effect was also present during stimulation, so shortening heat values were calculated from the difference between the heat production of the stimulated and unstimulated muscle for releases over the same length range and at the same velocity. Laser diffraction was used to measure mean sarcomere length in the part of the muscle from which heat was recorded. At the greater initial lengths these central sarcomeres slowly elongated by a small amount during nominally isometric tetani. When a release was given during a tetanus the central sarcomere shortening was slightly less than that in a release of the unstimulated muscle with the same change of muscle length. In the period of a tetanus after the release had ended the rate of central sarcomere elongation was greater than that in an isometric tetanus. Shortening heat production had a large early component, during and just after the release, then continued to increase slowly up to the end of the tetanus. It is likely that sarcomere length redistribution along the muscle is responsible for the apparent slow phase, but has little effect on the early component. Shortening heat (determined as the early component) decreased linearly with increasing muscle length in the range studied. The intercept on the length axis was 3.78 +/- 0.08 micron per sarcomere (mean +/- S.E. of mean, n = 7, based on sarcomere length before stimulation). The corresponding intercept for the isometric tension before the release was 3.78 +/- 0.03 micron per sarcomere. The isometric heat rate at this time also decreased with increasing muscle length, but at 3.75 microns per sarcomere was still 50.0 +/- 2.0% of its maximum value. The results suggest that shortening heat, like isometric tension, is produced by the interaction of thick and thin filaments in contracting muscle. PMID- 6607341 TI - Immunologic dynamics in cryapheresis for rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Five patients with erosive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who had previously experienced a favorable response to lymphoplasmapheresis were treated with cryapheresis. Cryapheresis was performed 9 times in 3 weeks using a membrane filtration device that selectively removes plasma proteins with molecular weights greater than 100,000 daltons. Four of the 5 patients so treated improved clinically. The membranes selectively removed more immunoglobulins and complement components that were part of circulating immune complexes than those that were not. Plasma or albumin replacement was not necessary in these patients. Cryapheresis might be a safe and effective technology in treating patients with refractory RA. PMID- 6607342 TI - Characterization of the inflammatory infiltrate in lupus erythematosus lesions using monoclonal antibodies. AB - The inflammatory infiltrates of cutaneous lupus lesions from 14 patients with benign cutaneous, subacute cutaneous or systemic lupus erythematosus were examined for T and B lymphocytes, macrophages and Ia positive cells using monoclonal antibodies and a peroxidase antiperoxidase technique. T cells and Ia positive cells were present in abundance followed by B cells then macrophages. Approximately equal numbers of helper/inducer T cells (OKT4, Leu3a) and suppressor/cytotoxic T cells (OKT8, Leu-2a) were present in the inflammatory infiltrate. PMID- 6607343 TI - Genetic markers for acute anterior uveitis. AB - One hundred and sixty-nine patients, 82 with acute anterior uveitis (AAU) only, 48 with AAU and ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and 39 with AS only were studied. The HLA antigen A2 was present in 44/82 AAU only, 31/48 AAU + AS, and 23/39 AS only. Where haplotype analysis was possible by virtue of family studies, A2 B27 was present in 7/16 AAU only, 9/15 AAU and AS and 14/29 AS only. These figures do not differ significantly from the expected values of control populations. Alpha-1 antitrypsin (alpha-1-AT) phenotypes were obtained on 30/82 AAU only, 29/48 AAU + AS, and 27/39 AS only patients. The MZ phenotype appeared in 8/86 patients tested; 4/30 with AAU only and 4/29 AAU + AS patients. This is higher than the expected value for control populations. Therefore, MZ alpha-1-AT phenotype but not HLA-A2 appears increased in patients with AAU. PMID- 6607344 TI - Conference on epidemiology of rheumatic diseases. Specific needs of developing and developed countries. Santa Ynez, California, November 1-5, 1982. PMID- 6607345 TI - Epidemiological studies on medical care for rheumatism in Latin American countries. AB - Rheumatic diseases cause disability and dependency and require prolonged medical care. In countries where resources are scarce and access to the health care system is limited, studies documenting the relative impact of rheumatic diseases often take priority over the classical prevalence or etiologic study on individual rheumatic diseases. Simple studies on the profile of patients who utilize medical care provide information on the relative frequency of diseases for which medical care is sought, detail the impact of these diseases on functional capacity, and document the demand for medical care. Such studies have been performed in Latin American countries by the Pan American Health Organization and some preliminary results are shown. PMID- 6607346 TI - Rheumatic diseases in China. AB - Prevalence and clinical manifestations of 5 common rheumatic diseases in China are discussed. Systemic lupus erythematosus appears to be more prevalent in Chinese than in Caucasians with possibly different clinical manifestations, in particular less serositis. Rheumatoid arthritis may be less aggressive and seronegative arthridities are less common. Behcet's and aortitis are frequently seen but not temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. PMID- 6607347 TI - Symptoms: hard facts on soft data. AB - Symptoms form an essential part of the description of rheumatic diseases. The process of collecting information on symptoms--pain, stiffness, and discomfort- is subtle and influenced by observer and examine through various linguistic, cultural, and situational circumstances. Symptom descriptions are lay-dependent, but should be placed within a scientific framework. PMID- 6607348 TI - Methodologic issues in international rheumatologic clinical epidemiology. AB - Those who provide, plan, or pay for health services must decide which rheumatologic health services should be provided to whom to effectively and efficiently reduce the burden of disease and disability from arthritis. The achievement of this goal demands the generation of epidemiologic information based on the burden of illness reported in a suitable format that allows policymakers to use the data in making decisions about health care. We have developed an approach based upon an "iterative measurement loop" consisting of a cycle of 6 epidemiologic research and evaluation steps that can be used to contribute to health policy decisions for allocation of health services to reduce the burden of illness from arthritis. PMID- 6607349 TI - Measuring disability: guidelines for rheumatology studies. AB - Mortality and disease prevalence studies do not reflect adequately the burden of disabilities in populations. Disability surveys are necessary for planning and evaluation. Choosing among the large number of available disability assessments can be difficult. We present 11 specific questions which can be used as guidelines in planning a rheumatological study of disability. These guidelines are derived from strict methodological criteria. PMID- 6607350 TI - Taxonomies for application in rheumatic diseases: quests for uniformity. AB - The technologic explosion in computer science and communications has made possible the development of scientific databases for longterm use, and global applications are becoming feasible. The eventual achievement of maximal utility of such databases dictates the need for uniform terminologies and definitions. A number of prominent efforts toward such uniformity are identified and reviewed with respect to their potential applicability to the arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders. PMID- 6607351 TI - Registry data: how to harvest the seed of others. AB - Registries hold data collected by others than the investigator. Detailed knowledge of coverage and coding procedures enables the epidemiologist to extract essential information from registries. Rules and regulations vary from country to country and can be restrictive (U.S.) or liberal (Sweden). Registries form sampling frames for case-control and other studies of rheumatic diseases. The epidemiological potential of registries is underutilized. PMID- 6607352 TI - Case-control studies. AB - This paper will provide an overview of the case-control study including the definition, types of study design, advantages and disadvantages, potential types and sources of bias, selection of controls, statistical measures of association, and criteria for suggesting inferences about causation. Measures of association for HLA-B27 and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and HLA-DR4 and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are calculated from previously published data. Case-control studies are useful for identifying etiologic associations in uncommon diseases. PMID- 6607353 TI - Cohort studies. AB - Cohort studies generally provide more definitive evidence regarding causality than do other types of observational epidemiologic studies, but the high cost usually associated with them limits their use to special situations. Retrospective cohort studies and combined cohort/case-control studies are suggested as modifications of the traditional prospective cohort study which retain certain of their advantages but which are considerably less expensive. PMID- 6607354 TI - Synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of [(cycloalkylmethyl)phenyl]acetic acids and related compounds. AB - [(Cycloalkylmethyl)phenyl]acetic acid derivatives and related compounds were synthesized to test their antiinflammatory and analgesic activities. Some of the compounds in this series were found to have good activity in the carrageenan edema test. Among them, sodium 2-[4-[(2-oxocyclopentyl)methyl] phenyl]propionate dihydrate (15) and 2-[4-[(2-oxocyclohexylidene)methyl]phenyl]propionic acid (13b) showed potent analgesic and antiadjuvant arthritis activities with excellent antipyretic properties. PMID- 6607355 TI - Triploidy with cyclopia and identical HLA alleles in the parents. AB - A 22-week pregnancy was terminated after discovery of serious echographic abnormalities. Fetal examination showed cyclopia, sacral meningocele, and syndactyly. The karyotype was 69,XXX. The parents had identical HLA alleles A1, A2, and Bw21. The mechanism of the triploidy was determined by chromosome marker analysis to be digyny. The association of triploidy with holoprosencephaly and the parents' identical immunological status are discussed. PMID- 6607356 TI - Correlation of peripheral T gamma and K lymphocytes in normal subjects and patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases. AB - K lymphocytes are thought to be included in the T gamma lymphocyte subpopulation, but the reports on the relation between T gamma and K lymphocyte counts in human peripheral blood are not available. Peripheral T gamma and K lymphocytes were enumerated simultaneously by EA rosette formation and ADCC plaque formation, respectively, in normal subjects and in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. In thyrotoxic Graves' disease, the percentages of both T gamma and K lymphocytes were lower than in normal subjects. No abnormalities in T gamma and K lymphocytes were observed in euthyroid patients with Graves' disease and with Hashimoto's disease. The percentages of T gamma lymphocytes were higher than those of K lymphocytes and these 2 lymphocyte subpopulations showed significant correlations within groups of patients with Graves' disease and Hashimoto's disease and in normal subjects. The slope of the regression line for the group with Hashimoto's disease was normal but that for the group with Graves' disease was steeper than that for normal subjects. These data indicate that T gamma lymphocytes and K lymphocytes are in overlapping subpopulations of Fc gamma receptor-bearing lymphocytes in human peripheral blood and suggest that there is an abnormal distribution of K lymphocytes in the T gamma lymphocyte subpopulation in Graves' disease. PMID- 6607357 TI - Natural killer and antibody-dependent cytotoxic activities in T cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - T cells from a patient with T cell chronic lymphocyte leukemia (CLL) were analysed for natural killer (NK) and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC) and surface phenotype using a battery of monoclonal antibodies. T cells from the patient reacted with a pan T cell (9.6) and OKT8 (suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype) monoclonal antibodies and bore receptors for IgG Fc (Tg) but lacked receptors for IgM Fc (Tm) and did not react with OKT4 (helper/inducer phenotype) monoclonal antibody. T cells from the patient demonstrated a significantly higher (p less than 0.01) NK activity when compared to control T cells. T cells from the patient also demonstrated strong but comparable ADCC when compared to healthy controls. The significance of these results is discussed. PMID- 6607358 TI - Circulating immune complexes in myocardial infarction. AB - Thirty-one patients with proven acute myocardial infarction (MI) were studied prospectively at the time of admission to hospital and at 3, 7 and 18 days using 4 immune complex (IC) assays. Each assay showed an increased incidence of IC activity in MI with 76% of patients being positive in at least 1 assay on one or more of the sampling days. A positive IC assay did not show a significant correlation with cardiac failure, pericarditis, post MI syndrome or previous infarction. The presence of IC was found to correlate with serum C-reactive protein (CRP), serum enzymes and ESR and suggested that complexed CRP or other acute phase proteins may account for some of the IC activity found with less specific assays. The measurement of IC levels in MI has not proved helpful in the diagnosis, management or prediction of outcome in this disorder. PMID- 6607359 TI - Menstrual symptoms in college students: a controlled study. AB - Thirty-five male and thirty-five female subjects completed daily a checklist consisting of 15 symptoms commonly associated with menstrual distress. Premenstrual, menstrual, and midcycle days' ratings were compared within and across groups. Males and females did not differ in symptom ratings during the premenstrual and midcycle periods. Females reported experiencing more sharp cramps, dull cramps, stomach pain, and bloating during the menstrual period. Females reported these symptoms to be only modestly distressing. PMID- 6607360 TI - Domain structure and quaternary organization of the bacteriophage P22 Erf protein. AB - The structure and activities of the recombination-promoting P22 Erf protein were examined in vitro. Treatment of the protein with elastase produces a stable amino terminal fragment, consisting of amino acid residues 1 to (approximately) 136. We have purified this fragment, designated fragment B, to apparent homogeneity by gel filtration chromatography. Fragment B retains the oligomeric structure and single-stranded DNA binding specificity of intact Erf. It differs, however, in lacking the ability of intact Erf to bind single-stranded DNA into large aggregates following mild heat treatment of the protein. In addition, its binding to DNA may be weaker than that of intact Erf. Intact Erf sediments through a sucrose gradient as a discrete species with an apparent S20,w of approximately 11 X 7 S. Its sedimentation behavior is affected little, if at all, by concentration. Fragment B also sediments as a discrete species at approximately 10 X 4 S. In the electron microscope, intact Erf appears as rings, with 10 to 14 small projecting structures resembling the teeth of a gear. Fragment B is similar, except that it appears to lack the peripheral structures. From these observations, we conclude that Erf consists of at least two structurally and functionally distinct domains, and that it has a discrete ring-like oligomeric structure. PMID- 6607361 TI - The functional origin of bacteriophage f1 DNA replication. Its signals and domains. AB - The origin of DNA replication of bacteriophage f1 functions as a signal, not only for initiation of viral strand synthesis, but also for its termination. Viral (plus) strand synthesis initiates and terminates at a specific site (plus origin) that is recognized and nicked by the viral gene II protein. Mutational analysis of the 5' side (upstream) of the origin of plus strand replication of phage f1 led us to postulate the existence of a set of overlapping functional domains. These included ones for strand nicking, and initiation and termination of DNA synthesis. Mutational analysis of the 3' side (downstream) of the origin has verified the existence of these domains and determined their extent. The results indicate that the f1 "functional origin" can be divided into two domains: (1) a "core region", about 40 nucleotides long, that is absolutely required for plus strand synthesis and contains three distinct but partially overlapping signals, (a) the gene II protein recognition sequence, which is necessary both for plus strand initiation and termination, (b) the termination signal, which extends for eight more nucleotides on the 5' side of the gene II protein recognition sequence, (c) the initiation signal that extends for about ten more nucleotides on the 3' side of the gene II protein recognition sequence; (2) a "secondary region", 100 nucleotides long, required exclusively for plus strand initiation. Disruption of the secondary region does not completely abolish the functionality of the f1 origin but does drastically reduce it (1% residual biological activity). We discuss a possible explanation of the fact that this region can be interrupted (e.g. f1, M13 cloning vectors) by large insertions of foreign DNA without significantly affecting replication. PMID- 6607362 TI - Treatment of nonunion of the tibia with a capacitively coupled electrical field. AB - An electrical field was induced in a recalcitrant nonunion of the tibia by a symmetrical, sinusoidal signal of 5 volts peak-to-peak amplitude and 60 KHz frequency applied through surface electrodes with the power supply strapped to the thigh. After 6 months of treatment in a short leg cast, the nonunion healed. PMID- 6607363 TI - Leads from the MMWR. Ampicillin and chloramphenicol resistance in systemic Hemophilus influenzae disease. PMID- 6607364 TI - Prolonged defibrination after a bite from a 'nonvenomous' snake. AB - The distinction between venomous, potentially dangerous snakes and snakes considered to be harmless to humans is not always clear. A man was bitten by an assumed harmless pet snake, Rhabdophis subminatus (the red neck keelback), that had been obtained from a pet store. The patient experienced a severe coagulopathy with life-threatening hemorrhage unresponsive to transfusion. Since this snake frequently is sold legally in the United States, we wish to alert the medical community to its potential danger and to discuss the pathophysiological mechanism by which the coagulopathy was produced. PMID- 6607365 TI - Recurrent cellulitis after coronary bypass surgery. Association with superficial fungal infection in saphenous venectomy limbs. AB - Certain patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass grafts suffer from episodes of acute cellulitis, often repeatedly, in the saphenous vein donor extremity. We describe nine patients with this entity, five of whom suffered recurrent attacks (range, two to greater than 20). The mean interval between surgery and the initial bout of cellulitis was 15 months (range, two to 46 months). A characteristic clinical syndrome was present in the majority of patients that included the abrupt onset of chills, followed by fever (generally greater than 38.8 degrees C), prostration, and obvious cellulitis. Seven patients also suffered from tinea pedis; in two instances, measures to control the dermatophytosis were instituted and attacks ceased. The pathogenesis of the entity may involve complex interactions between fungal and bacterial agents. Factors such as direct bacterial infection, hypersensitivity to streptococcal exotoxins, and id reactions to dermatophytes are probably involved in varying combinations. PMID- 6607366 TI - [Object of stimulation by the epidural electrode: significance of stimulation induced analgesia]. PMID- 6607367 TI - [Relationship between T cell infiltration in breast cancer tissues and prognosis]. AB - The relationship between the degree of T cell infiltration in cancer tissues and prognosis was studied in 26 patients with breast cancer. The degree of T cell infiltration was divided into 4 groups according to the number of infiltrating T cells. There was a good correlation between the degree of T cell infiltration and the survival period or disease-free period. It may be clinically useful to check the degree of T cell infiltration in cancer tissues for predicting the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. PMID- 6607368 TI - [Autopsy case of adult T cell leukemia associated with hypertrophy of the parathyroid glands]. AB - An autopsy case of adult T cell leukemia associated with hypercalcemia and hyperplastic parathyroid glands is reported. A 51-year-old man complained of systemic lymphadenopathy and hepato-splenomegaly; a diagnosis of adult T cell leukemia was made based on clinico-pathological findings. The pathogenesis of hypercalcemia in adult T cell leukemia is discussed. However, cases associated with hyperplasia of the parathyroid gland are very rare. We emphasize the role of the parathyroid gland in the pathogenesis of hypercalcemia in adult T cell leukemia. PMID- 6607369 TI - [Role of polyclonal B cell activation]. PMID- 6607370 TI - [Clinical features of malignant lymphoma and adult T-cell leukemia in Kumamoto]. PMID- 6607371 TI - [Indication for coronary surgery in Kawasaki disease]. PMID- 6607372 TI - [Atypical cases of adult T-cell leukemia (smoldering ATL)--3 cases of smoldering adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) with non-specific skin lesions as early symptoms]. PMID- 6607373 TI - [T cell lymphoma successfully treated with multiple chemotherapy including DTIC]. PMID- 6607374 TI - A mechanism for the stimulation by inorganic mercury of [3H] thymidine incorporation into DNA in cultured Molt-4F cells. AB - Mercuric chloride at a narrow range of concentration (2 to 2.5 X 10(-5)M) facilitated [3H]thymidine incorporation into acid-insoluble material (DNA fraction) of cultured human T lymphoid cells, Molt-4F, after 72-hr culture with the metal. This effect by mercury was observed in spite of the decrease in growth rate and DNA contents of the cells. Thymidine kinase activity in Molt-4F cells treated with 2 X 10(-5)M mercury decreased to 50 to 60% of the control activity. The stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation into the cells by mercury, therefore, might be independent of the increase in thymidine kinase activity. 3H Thymidine incorporation by the control cells decreased as culture time passed. In contrast to the control, [3H]thymidine incorporation by mercury-treated cells increased until 72-hr culture. [3H]Thymidine uptake by the control cells after 24, 48, or 72-hr culture increased until 20 min of incubation period, but thereafter no increase in the uptake was observed until 60 min. On the other hand, [3H]thymidine uptake by the cells treated with mercury for 24 to 72 hr increased linearly until 60 min of incubation period. These results seemed to indicate that the mercury stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation might be attributable not to the actual increase of DNA synthesis but to the suppression of the culture time-dependent decrease in the incorporation by the control cells. PMID- 6607375 TI - [Management of acute ischemic renal failure with ATP-MgCl2]. PMID- 6607376 TI - [Genetic and biochemical studies in familial incidences of Kartagener's syndrome]. PMID- 6607377 TI - [Cell-mediated immunity in pulmonary tuberculosis associated with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6607378 TI - [Evaluation of myocardial damage during heart surgery by the CK-MB test]. PMID- 6607379 TI - Two cases of corneal epithelial dystrophy in rabbits. AB - Two New Zealand white rabbits which were used in a teratology experiment had a unilateral corneal opacity. The affected eye had a raised opaque membrane that extended from the limbus toward the center of the cornea to form a ring at the corneal margin. Sections of cornea showed local areas of thickened, elevated epithelium interspersed with areas of abnormally thin epithelium. A diagnosis of corneal epithelial dystrophy was made. PMID- 6607380 TI - Adriamycin and adriamycin-DNA nephrotoxicity in rats. AB - The early nephrotoxicity of free and DNA-bound adriamycin (ADR) was compared in left nephrectomized rats. Free ADR induced progressive renal failure within 3 weeks, in association with renal changes characterized by severe tubular distention and vacuolization of podocytes in glomeruli. On the contrary, renal function remained normal and renal lesions were discrete in animals treated with ADR bound to DNA. Thus, the binding of ADR to DNA seems to reduce the early nephrotoxicity of free ADR. PMID- 6607381 TI - Discrimination of peripheral and central vestibular disorders by means of a quantitative statistical method. AB - This paper presents an approach to the prediction of peripheral and central vestibular disorders from a mathematical statistical point of view. An analysis was performed by the quantification method for multi-dimensional qualitative data. The data analysed were from 713 patients with a complaint of dizziness or vertigo who were subjected mainly to neurootological tests on 14 items. The categorical discriminant analysis of peripheral and central vestibular disorders revealed a discriminant success rate of 82%. We used the following five tests in discrimination: optokinetic test (OKN), caloric test, eye-tracking test (ETT), hearing test, and standing test. A system for the screening of patients with vertigo was assessed by use of a microcomputer and is in daily use in our department. PMID- 6607382 TI - Alcohol problems among employed men and women in metropolitan Detroit. AB - A survey of employed adults in metropolitan Detroit showed that more men than women had alcohol problems but this was largely attributable to the higher percentage of alcohol-dependent drinkers among men. There was little difference between the percentages of men and women who could be identified as nondependent problem drinkers. PMID- 6607383 TI - Alcohol consumption and alcoholic psychoses in Poland. AB - In Poland, analysis of partial correlations showed a close connection of the incidence of alcoholic psychoses with total alcohol consumption and consumption of distilled spirits but not with consumption of wine or beer. It is suggested that the incidence of alcoholic psychoses can serve as an indicator of the incidence of alcohol-related problems. PMID- 6607384 TI - Impairment of thymus-derived lymphoid cell function in patients with basal cell carcinoma. AB - The host-tumor relationships in 34 patients with basal cell carcinoma was investigated by characterizing thymus-derived (T) and bone marrow-derived (B) lymphoid subpopulations in the blood by cell surface markers and lymphoid function in vitro by proliferative responses to mitogenic and antigenic stimulation. Results were correlated with tumor stage. In patients with tumor present, the data demonstrate significantly (P less than .02) decreased responsiveness of T cells to the lectin mitogens phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A, and further demonstrate significantly decreased responsiveness of T cells to antigens (P less than .001 for Candida antigen, P less than .05 for Staphylococcal filtrate and Streptococcal varidase). In patients who were grossly disease free after resection of tumors, there was no significant difference in these responses from normal. These results document, for the first time, impaired T-cell function in patients with basal cell carcinoma and suggest that the functional impairment is tumor induced. PMID- 6607385 TI - Late results of coronary artery grafting: is there a flag on the field? PMID- 6607386 TI - Serial angiographic evaluation 1 year and 9 years after aorta-coronary bypass. A study of 55 patients chosen at random. AB - This study was designed to evaluate the late changes of aorta-coronary bypass grafts in patients who have been selected at random. Angiography was performed at mean intervals of 12 months (range 1 to 24 months) and 107 months (range 72 to 132 months) after operation in 55 randomly selected patients who were operated upon between 1971 and 1973. A total of 101 grafts were visualized. In particular, the evolution of early graft changes was investigated. At the first angiogram, 83% of the grafts were patent, including 7% with important narrowing. Later, the patency rate decreased to 65%, and there was a 9% incidence of significant narrowing in the graft or distal anastomosis. The patency rate was low in grafts to the circumflex artery and high in those to the left anterior descending artery. Early and late graft function was influenced by the viability of the corresponding region of the myocardium. It was not possible to predict late occlusions by the morphologic appearance of the graft at the early angiogram, nor did a distal stenosis in the recipient artery contribute to graft failure. These findings may be related to the long interval between angiograms as the yearly occlusion rate rose with increasing intervals between the studies. At 9 years, 25% of the patients had all grafts patent and no progression in nonbypassed vessels. PMID- 6607387 TI - Pattern of hemodynamic alterations during coronary artery operations. AB - Twenty-four patients were studied to determine the relative importance of cardiac and peripheral factors in the hemodynamic changes associated with coronary artery operations. None had preoperative evidence of ventricular impairment. Anesthetic management was standardized for all. Sequential hemodynamic measurements revealed the following: (1) Five minutes following induction of anesthesia, all hemodynamic indices were stable except for an increase in heart rate (p less than 0.001). Sternotomy and pericardiectomy were followed by a drop in cardiac index (p less than 0.01) and systolic blood pressure (p less than 0.01). (2) Late during bypass, there was a significant, parallel reduction in both hematocrit and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) (p less than 0.001 and 0.01, respectively). (3) Five minutes after termination of bypass, cardiac output was markedly elevated (p less than 0.001) in association with a decrease in SVR (p less than 0.001), marked hemodilution (p less than 0.001), and tachycardia (p less than 0.001). (4) Following sternal closure, and despite the fact that the hematocrit was still reduced (p less than 0.001), there developed a trend of increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) and SVR with a reduction in cardiac index. These changes were further accentuated 1 hour postoperatively. The SVR was 33% higher than in the previous stage (p less than 0.01), whereas the high cardiac index recorded with initiation of bypass declined significantly to preoperative values. Throughout the studies, there was a strong correlation between alterations in hematocrit and changes in cardiac index and SVR. Blood pressure variations showed no correlation with changes in cardiac output but were significantly related to alterations of peripheral resistance. Sequential determinations of plasma renin activity and catecholamine levels showed no significant alterations in either. The alterations reported describe not only group averages but also the behavior of every patient investigated. The results suggest that in patients with normal or only mild left ventricular impairment, the major factor influencing arterial pressure variations during coronary artery operations and in the postoperative period was the change in peripheral resistance rather than alterations in cardiac output. In the treatment of hypotension under these conditions, one should take into account variations in peripheral vascular resistance and not depend solely on assumed changes in myocardial performance. PMID- 6607388 TI - Circulating immune complexes in chronic myeloid leukemia patients at various stages of the disease. AB - Circulating immune complexes (CICs) in sera from patients suffering from chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) at initial diagnosis, in 'remission', at relapse and in blastic crisis have been quantitated using fluid [125I]Clq binding assay in terms of per cent binding activity and microgram/ml aggregated human globulin (AHG) equivalents. The Clq binding activity (Clq-BA) has been compared within the groups of CML patients in different phases of the disease as well as with sera obtained from normal healthy donors. The results showed that the mean Clq-BA was significantly increased in CML patients at initial diagnosis (25.74 +/- 3.48, p less than 0.001), in relapse (53.36 +/- 6.9, p less than 0.001) and in blastic crisis (60.5 +/- 8.7, p less than 0.001) when compared to control sera. Sera of 'remission' patients showed significant decrease in Clq-BA when compared to sera collected in active phases of the disease, however, the values were still significantly higher (12.87 +/- 1.58, p less than 0.02) than those of normal healthy donors. When the levels of CICs as assessed by Clq-BA were compared with the WBC/blast counts of CML patients in chronic as well as blastic phase, it was noted that the variations in numbers of circulating leukemic cells do not correlate with the CIC levels. The significance of assessment of CIC levels in monitoring the disease in CML patients is discussed. PMID- 6607389 TI - Candidate counterparts of Sezary cells and adult T-cell lymphoma-leukaemia cells in normal peripheral blood: an ultrastructural study with the immunogold method and monoclonal antibodies. AB - The ultrastructural and immunologic features of normal convoluted T-lymphocytes were studied with a panel of monoclonal antibodies and the immunogold technique and these were compared with cells from patients with Sezary syndrome (SS) and adult T-cell lymphoma-leukaemia (ATLL). According to the characteristics of the nucleus, two distinct T-cell subtypes, representing 2-4% of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes were recognized: (i) a cerebriform lymphocyte ('Sezary-like') characterized by narrow and deep nuclear indentations, closely resembling the cells of SS, and (ii) a convoluted or polylobated lymphocyte ('ATLL-like'), with shorter and broader nuclear indentations than those seen in SS, that resemble the cells of ATLL. Both types of lymphocytes were positive with the monoclonal antibodies OKT3, OKT4, OKT17 and FMC3 and were negative with OKT8, OKM1 and FMC4 (anti-HLA-Dr) as SS and ATLL cells. A difference was observed with the expression of the anti-T monoclonal antibody 3Al: Sezary-like lymphocytes, like SS and ATLL cells, were 3Al negative whilst ATLL-like lymphocytes were 3Al positive. The close morphological and membrane phenotype similarities observed between these two types of lymphocytes and the cells from SS and ATLL suggest that they may well represent the normal counterparts of the malignant T cells in both conditions. PMID- 6607390 TI - [Bronchial asthma and antiphlogistics]. PMID- 6607391 TI - [Piroxicam - edema]. PMID- 6607392 TI - Central antidopaminergic properties of 2-bromolisuride, an analogue of the ergot dopamine agonist lisuride. AB - 2-Bromolisuride (2-Br-LIS), a derivative of the ergot dopamine (DA) agonist lisuride, was investigated in rodents in comparison with the DA antagonist haloperidol with regard to its influence on DA related behaviour, cerebral DA metabolism and prolactin (PRL) secretion. 2-Br-LIS produced catalepsy in mice (ED50 3.3 mg/kg i.p.), antagonized apomorphine-induced stereotypies in mice (ED50 0.4 mg/kg i.p.), antagonized DA agonist-induced stereotypies in rats (0.1-1.56 mg/kg i.p.), inhibited locomotor activity in rats (0.025-6.25 mg/kg i.p.), antagonized the hyperactivity produced by various DA agonists in rats (0.025-6.25 mg/kg i.p.) and inhibited the apomorphine-induced hypothermia in mice (0.05-0.78 mg/kg i.p.). 2-Br-LIS (0.03-10 mg/kg i.p.) stimulated DA biosynthesis and DOPAC formation in the striatum and DA rich limbic system of rats, but had no effect on serotonin turnover. In striatum and limbic forebrain of gamma-butyrolactone pretreated rats 2-Br-LIS reversed the apomorphine-induced inhibition of DOPA accumulation. 2-Br-LIS (0.03 - 3 mg/kg) enhanced PRL secretion in intact male rats. These findings indicate DA antagonistic properties of 2-Br-LIS presumably due to blockade of central pre- and postsynaptic DA receptors being of approximately the same order of potency as haloperidol. 2-Br-LIS is the first ergot compound with definite antidopaminergic properties suggesting its potential usefulness as a neuroleptic. PMID- 6607394 TI - Enhanced tumor resistance and immunocompetence in obese (ob/ob) mice. AB - Genetically obese mice (C57BL6/J-ob/ob) have enhanced resistance to metastasis of the B16 melanoma in comparison with lean littermate controls. Here we show that this difference is not due to differences in the health status of these mice. We show also that the obese mice have enhanced immunocompetence as indicated by enhanced proliferative responses of their splenic lymphocytes to T-cell mitogens but not to a B-cell mitogen. The obese mice also produced twice as many antibody secreting cells in their spleens in response to immunization in vivo with sheep erythrocytes as did lean mice. There were no differences between the two genotypes in cytolytic T lymphocyte activity after immunization in vivo with allogeneic cells. An opioid theory of enhanced immunocompetence could account for our results. PMID- 6607393 TI - Differential effects of SKF 38393 and LY 141865 on nociception and morphine analgesia. AB - The effects of SKF 38393 and LY 141865 on nociceptive sensitivity and morphine induced analgesia were compared. SKF 38393 administered to mice either peripherally or centrally was without effect on either base line response latencies or morphine's analgesia. By contrast, s.c. injections of LY 141865 resulted in a dose-related hyperalgesia. A paradoxical analgesia was observed when LY 141865 was given intracerebroventricularly. Both the analgesia and hyperalgesia were antagonized by sulpiride but remained unaffected by the opioid antagonist Mr-1452. Central and peripheral pretreatment with LY 141865 resulted in respective enhancement and attenuation in the analgesic activity of morphine. The present results would indicate that D-2 receptors may be involved in nociception and analgesic mechanisms. In addition it suggests that D-2 receptors may exert both inhibitory and facilitatory influences on nociceptive and analgesic mechanisms. PMID- 6607395 TI - Tripelennamine: enhancement of brain-stimulation reward. AB - Thresholds for reinforcing electrical stimulation to the medial forebrain bundle were determined in rats by means of a rate-free psychophysical method. The acute administration of tripelennamine lowered the threshold for rewarding brain stimulation in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that the abuse liability of tripelennamine may be related to its ability to sensitize the central neural pathway that mediates reward. PMID- 6607397 TI - [Orodental changes in the aged and their consequences (I). Apropos of a transverse epidemiological study in a long-term stay facility]. PMID- 6607396 TI - Heterospecific transformation in the genus Haemophilus. AB - The relationship between nine Haemophilus species and Haemophilus influenzae was studied by DNA-DNA hybridization, by transformation of H. influenzae to streptomycin resistance with heterospecific DNA, by competition of heterospecific DNA for transformation by homospecific DNA and by the lethal effect of heterospecific DNA on competent H. influenzae. H. parainfluenzae, H. parasuis, and H. aegyptius DNA transformed at more than 10% efficiency when compared to homologous transformation, but only H. aegyptius demonstrated, by hybridization, a relative binding ratio of more than 80%. H. aphrophilus and H. paraphrophilus DNA demonstrated a relative binding ratio of less than 30% and transformed H. influenzae at only 10(-5) the efficiency of homologous DNA, but they competed for H. influenzae transformation as well as or better than homospecific DNA. The data indicated that in some of the species sharing the common ecological habitat of the mammalian respiratory tract, sequences necessary for competition and efficient uptake into H. influenzae are present in large numbers in their DNAs, which nevertheless have little overall homology with H. influenzae DNA. PMID- 6607398 TI - [Oro-dental changes in the aged and their consequences. Apropos of a transverse epidemiological study in a long-term stay facility (II)]. PMID- 6607399 TI - Gold compounds in rheumatic diseases--2. AB - Though many basic questions on the mechanism of action, dosage schedules, and long-term efficacy remain to be answered, gold therapy still plays a major role in the treatment of rheumatic diseases. Continuous, rather than intermittent, treatment with intramuscularly administered gold compounds is now recommended, though treatment terminations due to side-effects or lack of efficacy are relatively high in the long term. The advent of orally administered gold preparations may herald a new approach to chrysotherapy of rheumatic conditions. However, the toxicity of gold compounds remains high and can be reduced only by the strictest monitoring schedules. Serial blood tests should be performed regularly, and any downward trend in platelet or neutrophil counts should be regarded with suspicion. Early detection of toxicity is likely to prevent the occurrence of severe side-effects. PMID- 6607400 TI - Coronary artery surgery in Australia. PMID- 6607401 TI - Environmental and occupational factors in general medical practice. PMID- 6607402 TI - A quantitative skin touch-retouch test: a fluorescence method. PMID- 6607403 TI - Celiac plexus block: an overview. PMID- 6607404 TI - Experimental replacement of canine pericardium. PMID- 6607405 TI - Selective gastrointestinal circulatory changes due to a vasopressin hormonogen in the cat. PMID- 6607406 TI - Keratinizing and calcifying odontogenic cyst of the mandible: literature review and a case report. PMID- 6607407 TI - Gastric leiomyosarcoma diagnosed on chest roentgenogram: importance of the stomach bubble. PMID- 6607409 TI - One-stage surgery for bilateral bullous emphysema via median sternotomy: report of three cases. PMID- 6607408 TI - Folic acid and vitamin B12 in long-term anticonvulsant therapy. PMID- 6607410 TI - Mesenteric fibromatosis. PMID- 6607411 TI - Recurrent massive periretinal proliferation in a double perforating injury with a metallic intraocular foreign body: case report. PMID- 6607412 TI - Metastatic carcinoma involving Paget disease of the bone: an unusual association. PMID- 6607413 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency by direct analysis of the mutation site in the gene. PMID- 6607414 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 8-1984. An elderly woman with protein-losing enteropathy and pleural effusions. PMID- 6607415 TI - Demonstration of circulating leukocytic pyrogen/interleukin-1 during fever. PMID- 6607416 TI - Mechanism of T-cell tolerance. PMID- 6607417 TI - Computer-based characterization of epidermal growth factor precursor. AB - The cDNA sequence of the precursor of mouse epidermal growth factor (EGFP) has recently been reported by two groups, both of whom noted the presence of repeated similar segments, each about 40 residues long. One of these repeat units overlaps with the sequence of epidermal growth factor itself. The sequence of epidermal growth factor has been reported to be similar to that of pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) and a somewhat better match has been found with part of the sequence of bovine factor X, one of the blood coagulating factors. We report here that there is an even stronger similarity between the sequences of some of the repeat units of epidermal growth factor precursor and certain segments in factor X. This sequence similarity is also apparent in comparisons with other blood coagulation factors. On the basis of these sequence comparisons we suggest a scheme for the evolution of the epidermal growth factor precursor. We have also identified certain structural features in the precursor sequence that bear on the way in which the mature epidermal growth factor is generated. PMID- 6607418 TI - Is stepwise sarcomere shortening an artefact? AB - A report in 1977 raised the intriguing possibility that sarcomere shortening in muscle may occur in a stepwise fashion, in which episodes of shortening are interrupted by periods of little or no movement. This was taken by its authors to imply the synchronous activity of cross-bridges over a large volume of tissue behaviour which cannot easily be reconciled with commonly accepted views of muscle contraction. Stepwise shortening has also been reported recently in relaxed muscle fibres on which length changes were externally imposed, and that system has allowed us to define more rigorously the circumstances in which stepwise shortening is observed. Here we report a high correlation between the frequency of 'steps' or 'pauses' and the translation velocity of the fibre past the measuring system, suggesting that stepwise shortening is not a physiological property of muscle but an instrumentation artefact. PMID- 6607419 TI - Serum ferritin in haemodialysis patients: role of blood transfusions and 'haemochromatosis alleles' HLA A3, B7 and B14. AB - In 48 patients on maintenance haemodialysis (HD), serum ferritin (SF) levels were measured and compared with 'haemochromatosis alleles', (HA), HLA A3, B7 and B14. A positive correlation was found between high SF levels and the presence of HA. When patients who had received 10 or fewer blood transfusions were studied, it was observed that this correlation did not exist, but it was evident, however, in patients who had received more than 10 blood transfusions. After 14 months in which blood transfusions were restricted, no significant difference in SF was observed between HA carriers and the rest. Our findings suggest that repeated blood transfusions can cause high SF in HD patients, especially in those with HLA A3, B7 or B14 antigens. Among our patients, restriction of blood transfusions seems sufficient to decrease high SF levels. PMID- 6607420 TI - Losses of 1,25- and 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in the peritoneal fluid of patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - We measured peritoneal losses of the active vitamin D metabolites 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 in patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The serum concentration of 24,25(OH)2D3 was considerably lower than in hemodialysis patients. The serum concentration of 1,25(OH)2D3 was undetectable and rose to levels similar to those in hemodialysis patients only after loading with much higher oral doses of 1-alpha-vitamin D3 than those received by hemodialysis patients. Losses of both metabolites in peritoneal fluid were considerable, averaging approximately 6-8% of the plasma pool per day. These losses lead to low serum levels of these active vitamin D metabolites in CAPD patients, which may be an important factor in exacerbating renal osteodystrophy. Our results indicate the need for increased replacement doses of vitamin D metabolites in CAPD patients. PMID- 6607421 TI - [Slit-ventricle. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - The so called slit-ventricle syndrome appears as a potential complication of the CSF derivations, whatever their types. It consists of repetitive episodes of elevated intracranial pressure, associated with collapsed ventricles as demonstrated by CT scan. Clinical symptoms happen after several months or years during which the derivation worked well, and then get more and more frequent. Between the episodes, the only statement one can do is the slow re-filling of the pump after it has been depressed with finger. The valveless lumbo-peritoneal derivations, and the ventriculo-atrial or ventriculo-peritoneal derivations using a low-pressure valve, are most often found in patients with the slit-ventricle syndrome. This suggests that overdrainage of the CSF is likely to be the main cause of this syndrome. Possible managements comprise: changing the valve, for an other one with a higher opening pressure,--adding to the derivation an antisyphon device, and making a subtemporal decompression. PMID- 6607422 TI - [Disproportionately large communicating fourth ventricle--report of 2 cases]. AB - A term of 'disproportionately large, communicating fourth ventricle' (DLCFV) was first proposed by in Harwood-Nash in 1980. It is somewhat different from the well known clinical entity of 'isolated or trapped fourth ventricle', because of apparent patency of aqueductal canal. Two cases of typical DLCFV encountered in our clinic were described. First patient was a 24 year old man in whom this condition developed following operations for lumber disc and second patient was 22 year old woman in whom the disease developed after subarachnoid hemorrhage. In both cases, main symptoms were attributable to hydrocephalus but three posterior fossa symptoms, nystagmus, Parinaud' sign and truncal ataxia were also characteristic. On the CT scan, the fourth ventricle was extraordinarily enlarged. Patency of the aqueductal canal was demonstrated by air study or Conray and Metrizamide ventriculography. On the other hand, occlusion was demonstrated or highly suspected in or near the foramina Magendie and Luschka. After a routine ventriculo-peritoneal shunt operation, the fourth ventricle decreased in size and the symptoms were immediately relieved. Plausible explanation for mechanism involved in occurrence of DLCFV were (1) occlusion process in or near the fourth ventricle outlets seems to be crucial in this pathologic condition. Collision of CSF pulse waves against the obstruction may yield a water hammer effect on the fourth ventricle. (2) abnormal weakness of the brain stem parenchyma around the fourth ventricle to CSF pressure may be another contributory factor. PMID- 6607423 TI - [Malignant intracranial lymphoma--clinical and patho-immunological study]. AB - Clinical and patho-immunological study was made on 15 cases of primary intracranial malignant lymphoma. The average age of the patients was 45.2, however older man suffered more than younger one. Male to female ratio was 3:2. The duration between onset to diagnosis was less than 6 months in 13 cases. The common signs and symptoms were hemiparesis (60%) and signs of intracranial hypertension (45%), followed by disturbance of consciousness, visual disturbances, convulsion and signs of inflammation. The location of the lesions was in parietal lobe (44%), temporal lobe (27.8%), cerebellum (22.2%), brain stem and basal ganglia (18%). Multiple lesions were found in 4 cases. CT scan was the most diagnostic method not only to delineate the location of lesions but also to recognize the biological natures of this condition. The radiosensitivity of this tumor was also confirmed by follow-up CT scans during radiotherapy. Most of the lesions were avascular by carotid angiography, but capillary blush at the tumor site was shown in some cases. Laboratory findings revealed that derangement of gamma globulin in the serum and decline of cellular immunity were demonstrated in many cases. Surgical removal followed by whole skull irradiation was made in all cases except one. Remission of neurological signs and symptoms with disappearance of lesions on CT scan was obtained in 7 cases for one to 9 months. All cases except two survival, died during 3 to 28 months (average: 10.1). Survival rate at one year and 2 years was 35.7% and 14.3% respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6607424 TI - Comparative chromatography of hypothalamic corticotrophin-releasing factors. AB - Extracts of rat stalk-median eminences were chromatographed on Sephadex G-50 and BioGel P2. Effluent fractions were monitored for corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) bioactivity, using the perfused isolated pituitary cell column bioassay, and radioimmunoassay for CRF-41, AVP, oxytocin, neurophysin, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH). Porcine hypothalami were also chromatographed on Sephadex G-50. Our results suggest that vasopressin and a peptide in the rat related to synthetic ovine CRF are two components of the hypothalamic CRF complex which potentiate each other at the corticotrope to release ACTH. However, these two substances alone do not appear to be wholly responsible for CRF bioactivity of hypothalamic stalk-median eminence extracts and other CRFs may yet be found. PMID- 6607425 TI - The effects of adenosine and 2'-deoxycoformycin on sleep and wakefulness in rats. AB - The effects of adenosine (12.5 nmol/rat, i.c.v.) and 2'-deoxycoformycin (2.0 mumol/kg, i.p.) on sleep and wakefulness were examined in rats. Adenosine significantly decreased wakefulness and increased both deep slow-wave sleep and total sleep. 2'-Deoxycoformycin, a potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, was administered at a dose which did not produce significant sedative and hypnotic effects, when given alone (although a 4-fold greater dose of this drug has been shown to be hypnogenic in rats) in order to examine the possible potentiation of exogenously administered adenosine. No such potentiation was observed, since treatment with both drugs produced effects qualitatively similar, although not statistically significant, to those of adenosine alone. These data clearly indicate that adenosine is a hypnogenic substance in rats and suggest that these effects may involve adenosinergic receptor-mediated modulation of the activity of central adenylate cyclase. PMID- 6607426 TI - A cognitive-motor network demonstrated by positron emission tomography. AB - The rate of local cerebral glucose metabolism was measured in subjects receiving a verbal (n = 4) and a spatial (n = 4) task. The verbal task produced greater metabolism in Wernicke's area relative to the right hemispheric homotopic region, whereas the spatial task produced greater metabolic activity in the right hemispheric homotopic region. Broca's area and its right hemisphere counterpart showed symmetrical activity during the verbal task, but there was a significant asymmetry to the right during the spatial task. Lateralized task effects were also obtained in the frontal eye fields, supporting a hypothesized neural network linking cognitive activity with motor orientation. PMID- 6607428 TI - Effects of preparatory techniques on the fine structure of human peripheral blood T-lymphocytes. IV. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of T-lymphocytes embedded in epon and polyvinyl alcohol. PMID- 6607427 TI - Changes in body weight and food-related behaviour induced by destruction of the ventral or dorsal noradrenergic bundle in the rat. AB - Three experiments contrasted the effects of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesions of the ventral noradrenergic and dorsal noradrenergic projections, predominantly to hypothalamus and cortex, respectively, upon body weight changes and food-related behaviour in the rat. In general, ventral noradrenergic bundle lesions enhanced weight gain and these effects were exaggerated by the provision of palatable cheese to the standard chow diet. In contrast, lesions of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle produced minor changes in body weight. Associated with the effects of ventral noradrenergic bundle lesions were hyperphagia, enhanced suppression of intake of food adulterated with quinine, (at high concentration), a small attenuation of food neophobia, and enhanced acquisition, but not performance, of the eating response to tail-pinch stimulation. These ventral noradrenergic bundle lesions failed to alter basal activity levels, amphetamine anorexia or the diurnal pattern of eating or activity. In contrast, lesions of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle did not produce either hyperphagia or enhanced rejection of food adulterated with quinine. However, there was a strong attenuation of food neophobia and a retarded acquisition (but unimpaired performance) of eating in response to tail-pinch stimulation. The results are discussed in connection with previous studies of ventral and dorsal noradrenergic bundle lesions, with the effects of ventromedial hypothalamic lesions and with the underlying behavioural and physiological processes that mediate these contrasting effects of different neuroanatomical patterns of central noradrenaline depletion. PMID- 6607429 TI - [TENS in dental analgesia]. PMID- 6607430 TI - [Portasystemic encephalopathy. Evolution, current status and future prospects of the problem]. PMID- 6607431 TI - [Rehabilitation of patients with impaired motor activity]. PMID- 6607432 TI - [Pirenzepine parenterally administered in high doses in the treatment of upper digestive hemorrhage]. AB - 22 patients with moderate and severe haemorrhages of the UAC were given endovenous doses of Pirenzepine (100 mg/48 hrs). The drug was effective in 86% of the cases and its effect on pH values was demonstrated by testing before and after administration (p less than 0.01). Better results were observed in the treatment of patients with moderate and severe DUS. PMID- 6607433 TI - Electron microscopic identification of trigeminal nerve fibers in the ciliary body and the iris. AB - The trigeminal nerve fibers in the ciliary body and the iris have been identified electron microscopically by using intra-axonally transported horseradish peroxidase injected into the trigeminal ganglion. The tracer revealed unmyelinated fiber profiles in the stroma of the ciliary body and the iris. These were not found to be associated with any particular organ but rather may terminate as free endings. Large profiles of varicosities contained mitochondria. Thin profiles, containing neurotubules, probably represent axons between the varicosities or endings. An interaction between the sensory and the autonomic peripheral fibers in the anterior uvea is suggested. PMID- 6607434 TI - Recurrent inversion of the puerperal uterus managed with 15(s)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2 alpha and uterine packing. AB - The present report describes an unusual case of recurrent puerperal uterine inversion causing major postpartum hemorrhage. Blood replacement, oxytocin, and ergot therapy along with manual reduction failed to prevent immediate recurrence, but treatment with 15(S)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2 alpha (Prostin 15M) and uterine packing were successful. It is recommended that 15(S)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2 alpha be available in all obstetric suites for the management of similar emergencies. PMID- 6607435 TI - Candida endophthalmitis. PMID- 6607436 TI - Symposium on electrically induced osteogenesis. PMID- 6607437 TI - Treatment of nonunion of the scaphoid by direct current. AB - Seventy-one per cent (12 of 17) of scaphoid nonunions previously treated by other methods united when the semi-invasive technique of electrical stimulation was used. Patient acceptance of this electrode technique is high, and morbidity is lower than in patients treated by iliac bone grafting. The treatment of nonunion of the scaphoid by the semi-invasive electrical stimulation technique is a reasonable alternative to bone grafting and provides a salvage procedure when bone grafting or other therapeutic modalities have failed. PMID- 6607438 TI - Technetium and gallium scintigraphic evaluation of patients with long bone fracture nonunion. PMID- 6607439 TI - Early results in the treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head with electrical stimulation. AB - Our goal in the treatment of avascular necrosis is to retard or reverse the progressive changes that normally take place and thus preserve rather than replace the femoral head. "Conservative" or nonoperative management has generally proved unsuccessful, and results with established surgical procedures have been inconsistent and frequently disappointing. A new approach has been described that uses direct-current stimulation in conjunction with bone grafting and decompression. Results were determined clinically and radiographically using a new method of staging and evaluation. The majority of patients who underwent surgery showed significant clinical improvement, especially in regard to pain relief. Some degree of radiologic progression, however, was detected in most cases, even in many with clinical improvement. Electrical stimulation, as used in this study, did not appear to alter the results obtained with decompression and grafting alone. It must be emphasized that this is a preliminary report. More data and longer follow-up will be required before definitive conclusions can be drawn, and we must continue our efforts to improve the management of avascular necrosis. PMID- 6607440 TI - The semi-invasive method of treating nonunion with direct current. PMID- 6607441 TI - Treatment of nonunion with a constant direct current: a totally implantable system. AB - There is now sufficient basic research and clinical experience to establish that electrical stimulation produces osteogenesis. Furthermore, electrical stimulation significantly helps union where impaired bone healing exists. The implanted bone growth stimulator is one effective method of electrical stimulation. It can be used in a wide variety of problems: delayed union and nonunion of bones with or without chronic infection and in failed posterior spinal fusion. Successful treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia has been encouraging. The implanted bone growth stimulator technique requires a simple operation with strict adherence to detail. There is minimal postoperative discomfort and a short hospital stay. The average time to union is 16 weeks. The Osteostim can be used in the presence of chronic infection and internal fixation. Above all, the technique does not require any cooperation from the patient. The implanted bone growth stimulator should be accepted as a method of treatment for delayed and nonunion of bones, as it is at least as effective as other more conventional methods of surgical treatment for this situation. It has been proved that electrical stimulation produces osteogenesis. Orthopedic surgeons should no longer be skeptical about this. PMID- 6607442 TI - The development and application of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) for ununited fractures and arthrodeses. AB - This article deals with the rational and practical use of surgically noninvasive pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) in treating ununited fractures, failed arthrodeses, and congenital pseudarthroses (infantile nonunions). The method is highly effective (more than 90 per cent success) in adult patients when used in conjunction with good management techniques that are founded on biomechanical principles. When union fails to occur with PEMFs alone after approximately four months, their proper use in conjunction with fresh bone grafts insures a maximum failure rate of 1 to 1.5 per cent. Union occurs because the weak electric currents induced in tissues by the time-varying fields effect calcification of the fibrocartilage in the fracture gap, thereby setting the stage for the final phases of fracture healing by endochondral ossification. The efficacy, safety, and simplicity of the method has prompted its use by the majority of orthopedic surgeons in this country. In patients with delayed union three to four months postfracture, PEMFs appear to be more successful and healing, generally, is more rapid than in patients managed by other conservative methods. For more challenging problems such as actively infected nonunions, multiple surgical failures, long-standing (for example, more than two years postfracture) atrophic lesions, failed knee arthrodeses after removal of infected prostheses, and congenital pseudarthroses, success can be expected in a large majority of patients in whom PEMFs are used. Finally, as laboratory studies have expanded knowledge of the mechanisms of PEMF action, it is clear that different pulses affect different biologic processes in different ways. Selection of the proper pulse for a given pathologic entity has begun to be governed by rational processes similar, in certain respects, to those applied to pharmacologic agents. PMID- 6607443 TI - Electrical treatment of nonunions. Its use and abuse in 100 consecutive fractures. AB - Electrical stimulation can be useful as a primary treatment for a variety of fracture problems, particularly in the tibia. However, the method should not be oversold to either the physician or the patient as a substitute for adequate fracture management. PMID- 6607444 TI - [Initial results of mesentericocaval H-shunt in the management of portal hypertension]. PMID- 6607445 TI - [Cytochemical analysis of acid phosphatase and beta glucuronidase in B-cell non Hodgkin's lymphoma of low-grade malignancy]. PMID- 6607446 TI - [Surgical management of post-infarction perforation of the ventricular septum]. PMID- 6607447 TI - [Epidemiological situation with regard to tuberculosis in childhood and current problems of its control]. PMID- 6607448 TI - [Evaluation of environmental factors affecting the diagnosis and course of tuberculosis in childhood]. PMID- 6607449 TI - [Effectiveness of BCG vaccination]. PMID- 6607450 TI - [BCG vaccination of infants aged 11-12 months without previous tuberculin test]. PMID- 6607451 TI - [Diagnostic role of the tuberculin test]. PMID- 6607452 TI - [Sensitivity to tuberculin in children with various types of tuberculosis of the respiratory system]. PMID- 6607453 TI - [Serum alpha l-antitrypsin concentration in children with nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 6607454 TI - Aeromonas hydrophila: a treatable cause of diarrhea. PMID- 6607455 TI - Characterization of the effector cells in Con A-induced cytotoxicity against HEp 2 tumour targets. AB - Con A-induced cytotoxic activity of human lymphocyte subpopulations obtained by cell fractionation procedures was studied in a test system using human epipharynx carcinoma cells (HEp 2) as targets. Only T lymphocytes were cytotoxic, non-T cells exerted no cytotoxic activity, but enhanced the adherence of the tumour cells. Tnon-G lymphocytes (Fc-receptor negative T cells) were more active than TG cells (Fc-receptor-positive T cells) in mediating the Con A-induced cytotoxic reaction. PMID- 6607457 TI - Contribution of junctional conductance to the cellular voltage-divider ratio in frog skins. AB - It has been suggested that distribution of lateral interspace resistance in association with a highly conductive junction can significantly affect the measurement of outer membrane(o)/epithelial(t) voltage divider ratios (Fo = delta Vo/delta Vt), thereby leading to erroneous inferences regarding the outer membrane fractional resistance [fRo = Ro/Rc = Ro/(Ro + Ri)], where Ro and Ri are the outer and inner cell membrane resistance respectively and Rc is the total cell membrane resistance. We present here experimental evidence for this point of view. During seasons when frog skins were highly permeable to Cl, transepithelial conductance gt often exceeded 2 mS/cm2. High concentrations of external amiloride rapidly blocked cellular transport, but gt initially remained high and Fo remained appreciably less than 1.0. These values of Fo were found here to result from low junctional resistance Rj: increase of Rj, either gradually following the administration of amiloride, or abruptly with external replacement of Cl by other anions, was associated with increase of Fo to near unity, without effect on the membrane potential or significant change in the short-circuit current. Experimental results following amiloride validated a simple equivalent circuit model predicting near-linear increase in Fo with progressive decrease in gt and led to plausible values of Rj and lateral space resistance Rl. The possible influence of the paracellular resistance pattern on the evaluation of cell membrane resistances from voltage divider ratios is discussed. PMID- 6607458 TI - Production of 2'-deoxycoformycin by the fungus Emericella nidulans and its inhibitory effect on adenosine deaminase. AB - Isolation and characterization of 2'-deoxycoformycin from the culture filtrate of the fungus Emericella nidulance is described. Its inhibitory effect on adenosine deaminase (ADA, adenosine aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.4) is also described. PMID- 6607456 TI - Intercellular coupling in frog heart muscle. Electrophysiological and morphological aspects. AB - Passive electrical parameters of bullfrog atrial trabeculae were measured in a single gap arrangement. Attention was focussed on the resistance of internal longitudinal pathway. The influence of external Ca2+ depletion was tested using EGTA as chelating agent. Morphometry of trabeculae, fine structure of junctional complexes, and distribution of membrane-bound Ca were investigated by light and electron microscopic methods. The specific internal resistance to longitudinal current flow was 523 omega cm with normal Ringer as perfusing fluid and 1140 omega cm in EGTA-containing solution. These values are considered to represent the sum of myoplasmic and junctional resistivity. Morphometrical studies indicated an interstitial space of 12%, a mean cell length of 358 micron, and a mean cell diameter of 3.2 micron. In freeze-fractured preparations junctional structures were observed in the form of "atypical gap junctions" consisting of 10 nm particles arranged in a circular or linear array. The number of gap junctions was estimated to range between 20 and 50/cell which is equivalent to a junctional area of 0.01 or 0.03% of total surface area. A mean number of 55 particles/gap junction was calculated. After 20 min of exposure to EGTA the majority of junctional complexes were converted to clusters; the number of particles/gap junction was not significantly altered. The fluorescent dye CTC was used as a probe for membrane-bound Ca of isolated living cells. In normal Ringer a strong fluorescence was seen at the cell surface and in different intracellular compartments. With EGTA both superficial and internal fluorescence disappeared completely. From a combination of electrical and morphometrical data the resistance of intercellular junctions was calculated. Under normal conditions the specific resistance of junctional membrane amounted to 0.4 omega cm2 and the resistance of an individual connection was of the order of 10(11) omega. With EGTA, the respective values were increased by about 230%. The mechanism underlying this depression of junctional conductance is not clear. It seems not related to a rise of cytoplasmic free Ca2+. The EGTA-induced increase in internal resistance was reflected by a decrease of the length constant of a bundle. The nature of "atypical gap junctions" and their relation to tight junctions are discussed. It is concluded that the junctions observed in frog atrial muscle are analogous to gap junctions of insect or mammalian cells in spite of the different size and arrangement of the particles. A theoretical model is presented for the electrical behaviour of a bundle in a single gap arrangement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6607459 TI - [Clinical value of the immunological and cytochemical diagnosis of lymphomas with a high degree of malignancy]. PMID- 6607460 TI - [Effect of radiotherapy on the number and function of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with stage I cervical cancer. I. Brachytherapy]. PMID- 6607461 TI - [T, B and null lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood in neuroinfection]. PMID- 6607462 TI - Pharmacological properties of the antiinflammatory agent 10-methylamine-11-H indeno-[1,2-b]quinolin-11-one (MB432). AB - 10-Methylamine-11-H-indeno [1,2-b] quinolin-11-one (MB432) was found to be a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, to display antiinflammatory activity in carrageenin edema and cotton pellet granuloma tests in rats, and to exert analgesic action in paw pressure test in rats and in the writhing test in mice. The therapeutic index (LD50/ED50) for antiinflammatory and analgesic effect of MB432 is higher than that of indomethacin (IND) and phenylbutazone (PHB). The acute toxicity of MB432 is low but the drug showed high ulcerogenic activity. The ratio of medium ulcerogenic to median antiinflammatory and analgesic doses of MB432 is comparable to that of PHB but higher than for IND. PMID- 6607463 TI - Androgen receptor binding characteristics in the cytosol of the rat dorsolateral prostate gland and the Dunning R-3327 prostatic adenocarcinoma. AB - The incidence of prostatic cancer is highly correlated with advanced age, and it has been suggested that changes in androgen binding may be important in age associated alterations in growth regulatory mechanisms of prostatic epithelial cells. In this study the effects of age on androgen binding characteristics in the dorsolateral prostate glands of young and aged Copenhagen rats were determined and the binding properties in the Dunning R3327/130 subline of rat prostatic adenocarcinoma were characterized. Tritium-labeled and nonlabeled methyltrienolone analogs (R1881) were used to study the binding properties of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone receptor in the cytosol of tumors and prostate glands. Binding of R1881 was low but specific for the androgen receptor as shown by competition studies in which nonlabeled R1881, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, and testosterone competed successfully with 3H-R1881 for binding sites, but 17 beta estradiol and low levels of progesterone did not. In Copenhagen dorsolateral prostate, Scatchard analysis suggested a single class of binding sites. In young animals (three to five months) the average binding capacity was 10.36 fmol/mg cytosol protein with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 2.28 nmol/L. The dorsolateral prostate of aged rats (11-16 months) showed no significant difference in specific binding characteristics as compared to the younger age group. Specific binding of 3H-R1881 in R3327/130 tumor was saturable with a single class of high-affinity binding sites having an average binding capacity of 64.77 fmol/mg cytosol protein and a Kd of 2.76 nmol/L. These data show that the tumor had approximately 6.5 times the number of binding sites as did the normal Copenhagen rat dorsolateral prostate gland. However, no age-related changes were detected through 11-16 months of age in the androgen binding characteristics of normal rat dorsolateral prostate gland that could be correlated with the higher concentration of androgen binding sites in the R3327/130 tumor subline. PMID- 6607464 TI - Rehabilitation of the MI survivor. Management options to maximize posthospital outcome. AB - Rehabilitation of the survivor of myocardial infarction (MI) involves efforts to restore or retain maximal function physiologically, psychologically, vocationally, and socially. Goals include delaying or preventing complications, preventing or reversing deconditioning, improving the patient's ability to participate in chosen activities and facilitating his or her return to work, improving psychologic adjustment, and reducing risk factors. A comprehensive rehabilitation program can be guided by an understanding of the natural history of MI in survivors and the risks versus benefits of the interventions discussed. PMID- 6607465 TI - Aminoglycoside therapy. Improving patient response and safety. AB - The aminoglycosides have long been effective antibiotics in treatment of serious gram-negative infections. However, ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity have been of major concern because of the narrow therapeutic range of these agents and the wide variability in pharmacokinetics among patients. With recent advances in aminoglycoside monitoring techniques, the risk of toxicity has been greatly reduced. Automated methods are now available to quickly and precisely measure aminoglycoside concentration in serum, and by applying pharmacokinetic principles to serum concentration-time data, the clinician can readily calculate the correct dosage for each patient. Programs for computers and programmable calculators, also now available, can assist in these calculations. PMID- 6607466 TI - [Respiratory manifestations of mycosis fungoides. Apropos of a case]. AB - Mycosis fungoides is today classified amongst the cutaneous T lymphomas. The course of the disease is slow, first strictly dermatological, then with polyvisceral spread most often presenting as lymphadenopathy. Pulmonary involvement, with a poor prognosis, is often recognised only at autopsy. The differential diagnosis between pulmonary involvement by the disease and isolated or associated opportunistic infectious pathology is virtually impossible during the patient's lifetime except by surgical lung biopsy. The case reported here illustrates these data and has the particular feature of the onset of pulmonary involvement during cutaneous remission of the disease, contrasting with the visceral spread found at autopsy. PMID- 6607467 TI - [Course of tuberculosis in unvaccinated and BCG-vaccinated children]. PMID- 6607468 TI - [Incidence of tuberculosis in x-ray negative and x-ray positive prepubertal children and adolescents]. PMID- 6607469 TI - Side-effects of electrical physiotherapy treatment in the orofacial region. PMID- 6607470 TI - Secretory activity of salivary gland slices in the presence of polyols. PMID- 6607471 TI - Conversion of a stem cell leukemia from a T-lymphoid to a myeloid phenotype induced by the adenosine deaminase inhibitor 2'-deoxycoformycin. AB - Selective failure of lymphoid development occurs in genetic deficiency of adenosine deaminase (ADA). We examined the in vivo effects of a potent inhibitor of ADA, 2'-deoxycoformycin, which was used to treat a patient with refractory acute leukemia. Unexpectedly, within 7 days of starting treatment, the leukemic phenotype underwent complete conversion from T lymphoblastic to promyelocytic, with kinetics that suggested a precursor-product relationship between the two cell populations. Pretreatment T lymphoblasts and posttreatment promyelocytes had the same abnormal karyotype. Upon culture in vitro, the former transformed spontaneously over several weeks into mature myeloid cells. We conclude that the leukemia arose from a multipotent stem cell capable of both lymphoid and myeloid differentiation. Effects of ADA inhibition on leukemia cells during treatment included expansion of the deoxyadenosine nucleotide pool and accumulation of S adenosylhomocysteine, a potent inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methylation. The influence of these changes on the leukemic phenotype is discussed in terms of (i) selective cytotoxicity to T lymphoblasts, which accumulated deoxyadenosine nucleotides more efficiently than did the patient's promyelocytes during in vitro incubation with deoxycoformycin plus deoxyadenosine, and (ii) induction of an altered program of differentiation. PMID- 6607472 TI - Rearrangement of a DNA sequence homologous to a cell-virus junction fragment in several Moloney murine leukemia virus-induced rat thymomas. AB - We have studied the integrated proviruses in Moloney murine leukemia virus induced rat thymomas. By Southern blot analysis, we found several complete integrated proviruses in each tumor. In most tumors, we could not detect defective or recombinant proviruses. Several of these integrated proviruses (with their flanking cellular sequences) from a single tumor were cloned in Charon 4A. Their flanking cellular fragments were subcloned into pBR322 and used as a probe to screen other thymoma DNAs. With one clone (pMo-lC) used as a probe, we could detect novel fragments in 11 out of 20 thymoma DNAs analyzed. In three of these thymomas we could analyze in more detail, it appears that these novel fragments are generated by the insertion of a provirus. This specific integration of Moloney provirus in the host genome may represent an important genetic event leading to tumor formation. PMID- 6607473 TI - Determinants for protein localization: beta-lactamase signal sequence directs globin across microsomal membranes. AB - A hybrid gene containing 182 codons of Escherichia coli beta-lactamase at the amino terminus of the corresponding protein and 141 codons of alpha-globin at the carboxyl terminus was generated by inserting chimpanzee alpha-globin cDNA into the Pst I site of plasmid pBR322. RNA transcribed in vitro from this plasmid gave a corresponding hybrid protein in a wheat germ cell-free translation system. The hybrid protein was protected from tryptic digestion and the pre-beta-lactamase signal peptide was removed when dog pancreas membrane vesicles were present during translation. A deletion mutant containing 23 codons of pre-beta-lactamase signal sequence and 5 codons of mature beta-lactamase fused to the alpha-globin cDNA gave a shorter hybrid protein that behaved similarly. However, a mutation that removed essentially all of the pre-beta-lactamase sequence gave a protein that was neither protected nor processed. Hence, at most, only the signal peptide and the first 5 amino acids of beta-lactamase were necessary to convert alpha globin (a cytoplasmic protein) into a secretory protein. PMID- 6607474 TI - Immunoprecipitation of cell surface structures of cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes by clone-specific antisera. AB - Clones of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) differ in their specific reactivity with diverse target cell antigens. To learn about the uniqueness of individual CTL clones we injected rats and mice with cloned CTL in an effort to prepare clone specific antisera and to analyze the CTL surface molecules that were immunoprecipitated by these antisera. Three clones were studied. They were all derived from BALB.B mice and were specific for antigens encoded by the major histocompatibility complex of the H-2d haplotype. Antisera raised in rats against individual clones contained antibodies to lymphocyte function-associated antigen type 1 (LFA-1) and inhibited the cytotoxic activity of all of the clones. In contrast, BALB/c and BALB.K mice injected with individual clones consistently yielded alloantisera that were clone specific in their ability to inhibit CTL mediated lysis of target cells (P815). In addition, these alloantisera immunoprecipitated from extracts of 125I-radiolabeled CTL a disulfide-bonded dimer consisting of approximately equal to 45-kilodalton subunits. This dimer resembles the putative T-cell antigen-recognition receptor recently identified in several laboratories. The alloantisera also immunoprecipitated CTL surface molecules that were associated with beta 2-microglobulin and that differed in apparent molecular mass (37-38 kilodaltons) in different clones. PMID- 6607475 TI - Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement as a diagnostic criterion of B-cell lymphoma. AB - We describe the use of the Southern blot hybridization technique to diagnose B cell lymphoma by detecting clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangements in lymph node and other biopsy tissues. DNA was isolated from a wide variety of neoplastic and non-neoplastic specimens and analyzed for the presence of rearranged immunoglobulin genes using radiolabeled DNA probes specific for the heavy- and light-chain immunoglobulin constant region genes. Among the specimens examined, clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangements were found only in biopsy samples of B cell lymphoma and not in samples containing reactive lymphoid processes or non-B cell cancers. In lymphomas, the presence of rearrangements for either the kappa or lambda light-chain gene correlated with expression of one or the other of these chains when cellular immunoglobulins could be detected by frozen-section immunophenotyping techniques. The analysis of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements offers several advantages over conventional diagnostic methods for lymphomas, including improved sensitivity in detecting minor populations of neoplastic lymphocytes composing as little as 1% of the total cell population. In addition, clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangements are demonstrable in a subset of lymphomas that lack detectable surface or cytoplasmic immunoglobulin, thus offering positive evidence for both malignancy and the B-cell origin of these tumors. Our studies indicate that detection of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements is a valuable method for diagnosis and classification of various lymphoproliferative disorders that are difficult to evaluate histologically or that lack distinctive antigenic markers. PMID- 6607477 TI - Forward locomotion elicited by electrical stimulation in the diencephalon and mesencephalon of the awake rat. AB - Stimulation electrodes were implanted in 63 rats at a total of 208 sites in the diencephalon and midbrain. The sites were tested for elicited forward locomotion, i.e., alternate stepping of the forelimbs and/or hindlimbs, while the rats stood on a treadmill belt in a 27 X 9 X 24-cm chamber. Current levels of 50-300 microA and pulse frequencies of 50, 100 and 154 Hz were presented as single 5-sec trains and as 20 repetitive trains of 1-sec duration with a 3-sec intertrain interval. Locomotion was elicited with low current (50 or 100 microA) single trains at 28% of the sites. Of the regions sufficiently well sampled to warrent comparisons, two showed high densities of locomotion-positive sites with single low current trains. They were the medial hypothalamus (the dorsomedial and the posterior nuclei) and the ventral tegmental area. The medial forebrain bundle and the zona incerta were generally positive but many sites in these regions required repetitive trains. Among the regions with few locomotion-positive sites were the subthalamic nucleus, the fields of Forel and the habenular complex. In the dorsal midbrain, in and around the central gray, low current single trains elicited leaping. The results are discussed in terms of the existence of a delimited subthalamic locomotor region and a ventral midbrain locomotor system independent of a dorsal midbrain system. PMID- 6607476 TI - Mechanism of inhibition of granulopoiesis by ethanol. AB - The mechanism of inhibition of neutrophilic granulopoiesis by ethanol has not been well characterized. Possible mechanisms investigated include: (a) a direct toxic effect on the granulocyte-macrophage cluster-colony forming unit (CFU-GM), and/or (b) inhibition of production of CFU-GM proliferation stimulating factor activity (CSA) from T lymphocytes (T cells). Addition of as much as 600 mg% ethanol to T-cell- and monocyte-depleted light-density marrow (TMoDLDBM) cells from humans in soft agar cultures which were stimulated with an exogenous source of CSA did not inhibit the CFU-GM proliferation, suggesting that ethanol has no direct toxic effect on the CFU-GM. T cells obtained from the blood of normal humans were cultured in the presence of phytohemagglutinin with 100 to 600 mg% ethanol. Cell-free conditioned media (CM) from these cultures were tested for CSA concentration by their capacity to stimulate proliferation of CFU-GM from human TMoDLDBM or rat whole bone marrow cells. The results indicated that ethanol at a concentration greater than 100 mg% inhibited CSA production from T cells. There was no evidence for production of an inhibitor of CFU-GM proliferation from T cells in the presence of ethanol. These results suggest that the neutropenia which occurs in relation to alcohol abuse may in part be related to decreased CSA production from T cells. PMID- 6607478 TI - Reward and aversive effects of lateral hypothalamic stimulation in rats measured by a modified runway and reward summation technique. AB - This report presents a refinement of the reward summation technique which has seen increasing use as a measure of the reward and performance factors associated with studies of the anatomical and neurochemical mechanisms of lateral hypothalamic stimulation. The technique involves determining the vigor of reward seeking behavior at a number of stimulation levels and making calculations upon this behavior/stimulation relationship. The refinement involves separating out the behavioral consequences of aversiveness which is often mixed with hypothalamic reward, particularly at high levels of stimulation. Specifically, it is shown that total running speed, the conventional measure of reward seeking behavior in a runway, is made of two components: running the runway and latency to press the reward lever. Furthermore, the latency-to-press the lever for any brain stimulation is positively correlated with latency to escape the same stimulation in an ON-OFF apparatus. Thus, latency-to-press likely is attributable to the aversiveness of the stimulation. Measuring only the first component is a more refined measure of the reward of brain stimulation. PMID- 6607479 TI - The epidemiology of abnormal homicide and murder followed by suicide. AB - A comparison of the homicide rate of mentally abnormal offenders and murderers who subsequently commit suicide, from a range of different populations, shows a uniform consistency when compared with the overall rates. 'Laws' are proposed which govern the rates within these subgroups in comparison with the population as a whole and which determine fluctuations. Qualitatively different psychiatric and sociological factors are thought to account for these findings and require further elucidation. PMID- 6607480 TI - Longitudinal records of anxiety and depression in general practice: the Second National Morbidity Survey. AB - This paper analyses patterns of episodes of anxiety and depression as recorded by 22 general practices which took part in the Second National Morbidity Survey (RCGP, 1980). The data comprise 6 years' records. Simple Markov chains are fitted to each age-group of men and women, and the inter-practice variation in the resulting parameter estimates are compared, using Andrews' plots and principal components plots. The implications for the presentation and interpretation of data from large-scale morbidity surveys are discussed. PMID- 6607481 TI - Imaging local brain function with emission computed tomography. AB - Positron emission tomography (PET) using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) was used to map local cerebral glucose utilization in the study of local cerebral function. This information differs fundamentally from structural assessment by means of computed tomography (CT). In normal human volunteers, the FDG scan was used to determine the cerebral metabolic response to controlled sensory stimulation and the effects of aging. After stroke, regional brain dysfunction is more extensive than had been suspected on the basis of CT scans. Cerebral metabolic patterns are distinctive among depressed and demented elderly patients. The FDG scan appears normal in the depressed patient, studded with multiple metabolic defects in patients with multiple infarct dementia, and in the patients with Alzheimer disease, metabolism is particularly reduced in the parietal cortex, but only slightly reduced in the caudate and thalamus. The caudate is markedly hypometabolic in Huntington disease, even in the absence of caudate atrophy, and possibly may be mildly hypometabolic even before the appearance of symptoms. The interictal FDG scan effectively detects hypometabolic brain zones that are sites of onset for seizures in patients with partial epilepsy, even though these zones usually appear normal on CT scans. The future prospects of PET are discussed. PMID- 6607482 TI - Cell-mediated immune responses in herpes simplex virus-infected mice. PMID- 6607484 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6607483 TI - Humoral and cellular immune responses to staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid in multiple sclerosis patients. PMID- 6607485 TI - Comparative tryptic peptide analysis of P85gag-mos of Mo-MuSV ts-110 and the P38 P23 mos-related products of wild-type virus. PMID- 6607486 TI - [Epidemiologic studies on the incidence of Pneumocystis carinii infection in children with chronic respiratory tract diseases]. PMID- 6607487 TI - [Distribution of vanadium in rat tissues after subacute and chronic sodium metavanadate poisoning]. PMID- 6607489 TI - [Alpha-1-antitrypsin and glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6607488 TI - [Effect of serum from bladder carcinoma patients on cell-mediated immunity]. PMID- 6607490 TI - Effective rehabilitation: reintegration into the community. PMID- 6607491 TI - Phrenic nerve stimulators. PMID- 6607492 TI - Bulimia: its epidemiology and management. AB - The prevalence of the syndromes bulimia and bulimia nervosa is not known. Although existing epidemiological studies have produced somewhat conflicting findings, it appears likely that these syndromes constitute a significant source of psychiatric morbidity. It is interesting to note that prior to 1980 there appear to have been few patients who fulfil diagnostic criteria for these syndromes, whereas since then the number of such patients seems to have greatly increased. Whilst it is possible that the recent publicity may have engendered new cases by suggesting that self-induced vomiting is an effective means of weight control, there are two other likely explanations for the increase. First, the publicity may have helped people with these conditions divulge their eating problems to doctors. Second, doctors may have been alerted to the fact that people with a normal body weight may nevertheless have an eating disorder which requires a specialist's help. If these explanations are correct, the upsurge in referrals may be a short-lived phenomenon during which existing cases of varying duration will come to attention. Thereafter, it would be predicted that the referral rate will decline to a level which more accurately reflects the incidence of the two conditions (22). The emergence of these syndromes is not simply of theoretical interest. They pose a challenging therapeutic problem which has necessitated the development of specific psychological approaches to their treatment. However, before any treatment for bulimia can be advocated, its use should be supported by data from controlled outcome studies in which changes in each facet of the condition are assessed including patients' eating habits, moods, and most importantly, their attitudes to their weight and shape. As has been discussed, behavioural improvement is likely to be short-lived unless it is accompanied by significant attitude change. PMID- 6607493 TI - [Innovations in the determination of antinuclear antibodies and the motility of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6607494 TI - [Histocompatibility antigens in 312 patients with Reiter's syndrome]. PMID- 6607495 TI - [Anti-SS-B antibody : marker of Gougerot-Sjogren's connective tissue disease independent of the dry syndrome]. AB - We studied the predictive value of anti-SS-B antibody on 48 patients having this antibody and no other antinuclear antibody. 25 patients had a typical Sjogren syndrome and the rest had no sicca syndrome but generally an unclassified disease. Between these two groups of patients we observed an identity of clinical and biological manifestations except for the sicca syndrome. We conclude that anti-SS-B antibody is not a marker for Sjogren syndrome, but is correlated with the presence of an autoimmune disorder inconstantly associated with the sicca syndrome. This auto-immune disorder has the clinical and biological features of systemic Sjogren syndrome but the sicca syndrome. PMID- 6607496 TI - [Fenoprofen as a treatment of postsurgical pain]. PMID- 6607497 TI - [Case of effort angina with sick sinus syndrome]. PMID- 6607498 TI - [National survey on reactive arthritis by the French Society of Rheumatology]. AB - In 1982, 3370 cases of inflammatory rheumatism were declared. The geographical analysis of the distribution of these cases (departmental and regional) suggests that their distribution is not homogeneous throughout the country, with a predominance of psoriatic arthritis in the Midi and the Pyrenees and a predominance of rheumatic pelvispondylitis in Aquitaine. Based on the number of cases declared, we can calculate the distribution of each type of inflammatory rheumatism by age and by sex and the incidence per million inhabitants in each age group. These figures are only indicative, as the data from some departments was incomplete. The calculation of a "criterion of frequency" attempts to equalize this bias. Reactive arthritis (352 cases) represents 10.4 p. cent of all cases of inflammatory rheumatism. This large series collected over one year confirms the clinical data already established. The responsible organisms, by order of frequency, were: Chlamydia trachomatis, Yersinia enterocolitica, Shigella, Y. pseudotuberculosis and Ureaplasma urealyticum. 50 p. cent of these cases of arthritis were classified as reactive on the basis of clinical findings and history and the bacteria was not isolated. The HLA-B27 antigen is present in 68 p. cent of the 302 cases in which it was tested. PMID- 6607499 TI - [The reactive arthritis syndrome. Rheumatological limits]. AB - The term reactive arthritis (RA) refers to an inflammatory joint disease in the absence of bacteria in the joint, but which is caused by a distant extra articular infection. They occur as a result of a variety of infections, which are essentially genital or gastro-intestinal in subjects with a particular genetic predisposition characterized by the presence of the HLA-B27 antigen or one of the CREG group of antigens (B7 - B27 - BW22 - BW42). The most complete clinical expression of reactive arthritis is the Fiessinger-Leroy-Reiter syndrome. Apart from the reactive arthritis with a generally accepted aetiology such as those following infections of the genital tract (Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum or of the gastrointestinal tract: Yersinia enterocolitica and pseudotuberculosis, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella minor, Campylobacter jejuni), the authors discuss the possibility of including, in a broader definition of RA, post-streptococcal arthritis and cases of arthritis following gonococcal, meningococcal and Brucella infections. RA does not always have a favourable clinical course. It is not exceptional to see a picture of recurrences with progression towards chronic inflammatory rheumatism. PMID- 6607500 TI - [Clinical aspects of reactive arthritis caused by Chlamydia]. AB - The authors compare a multicentered study of chlamydial reactive arthritis with their own personal series of 99 cases consisting of 58 cases of chlamydial reactive arthritis and 41 cases of non-chlamydial reactive arthritis. In the group with chlamydial reactive arthritis, mono-arthritis is more frequent and involvement of the knees, hands, wrists, the sausage appearance of the fingers and toes and heel pain are rarer than in non-chlamydial reactive arthritis. However, the genetic predisposition, in particular the presence of the HLA-B27 antigen, has an essential influence on the clinical features of reactive arthritis. PMID- 6607501 TI - [Reactive arthritis caused by non-Yersinia intestinal infections]. AB - Aseptic arthritis can occur following intestinal infections due to Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter jejuni and Clostridium difficile. These rheumatisms are rare, only occurring in about 1 p. cent of cases, generally in patients with the HLA-B27 antigen. Whatever the causative organism, the arthritis has features in common with all reactive arthrites. They generally have a favourable course. PMID- 6607502 TI - [Familial studies of reactive arthritis]. AB - A survey conducted by the French Society of Rheumatology indicates that 10 p. cent of subjects with reactive arthritis have a family history. This family history can be divided into 3 equal groups of diseases : rheumatic pelvispondylitis, reactive and unclassified arthritis and psoriasis (3.5 p. cent for each condition). The B27 antigen is present in 67 p. cent of cases of reactive arthritis, which is significantly lower than the incidence in rheumatic pelvispondylitis. Informative family studies are presented which demonstrate their value as an in diagnosis, the roles of hereditary factors and the arguments for and against a predisposing gene close to but different from B27. PMID- 6607503 TI - [B27 - DR4 arthritis and research on symptomatic effects of B27 antigens in rheumatoid polyarthritis and DR4 in ankylosing spondylarthritis]. PMID- 6607504 TI - [Iritis, ankylosing spondylarthritis and HLA B27]. PMID- 6607505 TI - [Several anatomo-biological aspects of reactive arthritis]. PMID- 6607507 TI - [Reactive Yersinia pseudotuberculosis arthritis with acute hepatic histological involvement disclosing latent ankylosing spondylitis]. PMID- 6607506 TI - [Initial manifestations of chronic inflammatory rheumatism in children associated with the presence of HLA-B27 antigen]. PMID- 6607508 TI - Studies on T and B lymphocytes by the technique of immune and non-immune rosettes and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in Graves' disease and nontoxic nodular goiter. AB - T and B lymphocytes were studied by the rosettes technique (R) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Both techniques showed pathogenic changes in Graves' disease and nontoxic nodular goiter patients. In normal subjects, the mean value for T lymphocytes was 63.8% by R and 62.9% by SEM and for B lymphocytes was 39.9% by R and 29.8% by SEM. In Graves' disease the mean value of T lymphocytes was 93.1% by R and 92.8% by SEM whereas B lymphocytes represented 6.6% by R and 11.5% by SEM. In nontoxic nodular goiter, the mean T lymphocytes count was 64.5% by R and 61.5% by SEM, whereas B lymphocytes represented 27.9% by R and 29% by SEM. The increase in T lymphocytes number in Graves' disease confirms the role of cell immunity in its pathogeny unlike nontoxic nodular goiter where this mechanism has not been confirmed. PMID- 6607509 TI - Monoclonal B cells in peripheral blood in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Correlation with clinical features and DNA content. AB - Peripheral blood from 69 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was examined with respect to B and T cell markers. Evidence for monoclonal B cell was found in 29 cases, 8 of 'high grade' and 21 of 'low grade' malignancy according to the Kiel classification. 17 out of the 29 patients had a normal lymphocyte count. Using conventional staging methods 4 cases of the 29 were in stages II and III, all others in stage IV. The proportion of S-phase cells in peripheral blood, determined by flow cytometry, was found to be elevated in cases with a monoclonal cell population. It is concluded that surface marker analysis of blood cells may be valuable as a diagnostic tool, as an indicator of prognosis and perhaps for the staging procedure of malignant lymphomas. PMID- 6607510 TI - The biochemical and clinical consequences of 2'-deoxycoformycin in T cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. AB - The mechanisms for cell toxicity with adenosine deaminase inhibition by 2' deoxycoformycin (dCF) in non replicating lymphoid cells include S adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) hydrolase inactivation and reduction of cellular ATP content. These postulates were explored in a patient with T-CLL receiving dCF with a resultant fall in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 740 X 10(9)/1 to 90 X 10(9)/1 over 15 d. In red cells there was complete inhibition of adenosine deaminase and SAH hydrolase activities, progressive deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) accumulation and ATP depletion but no significant alteration in adenosine monophosphate (AMP) deaminase activity or distribution in purine intermediates from radioactive adenosine. In T-CLL lymphocytes, there was incomplete lymphoid SAH hydrolase inactivation, reduced AMP deaminase activity and progressive dATP accumulation. The limited decrease in lymphocyte ATP content was related more to dCF administration than dATP accumulation, nor accompanied by significant changes in the distribution of purine intermediates from adenosine. These findings suggest that ATP depletion with dCF therapy does not reflect AMP deaminase activity modulation nor is of critical importance for cell toxicity. The exact role for elevated cellular dATP content and SAH hydrolase inactivation in this toxicity remains to be established. PMID- 6607511 TI - Anti-IgA in selective IgA deficiency. In vitro effects and Ig subclass pattern of human anti-IgA. AB - Anti-IgA antibodies were found in 14 of 33 (42%) IgA-deficient donors. In healthy IgA-deficient blood donors anti-IgA appeared associated with the presence of HLA DR3. The antibodies were mainly of the IgG1 and, in high-titred sera, IgG4 subclasses. Sera containing high-titred anti-IgA selectively impaired IgA synthesis in vitro as induced by direct and indirect polyclonal B-cell activators. These antibodies may play a role in the pathogenesis and/or the maintenance of IgA deficiency. PMID- 6607512 TI - Residual minor histocompatibility genes contaminate the B10.AM congenic line: no evidence of C-region-controlled histoincompatibility. AB - After being primed in vivo and restimulated in vitro, cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) were produced in the strain combinations B10.AM anti-B10.A(1R) and B10.A(1R) anti-B10.AM. Although the two strains differ in the chromosomal interval between the E alpha and the D loci, the CTL are not directed against antigens controlled by loci in this interval. Instead, the CTL detect minor histocompatibility (H) antigens controlled by loci that are not linked to H-2. The recognition of the antigens detected by the B10.AM anti-B10.A(1R) CTL is restricted by the Kk and Db molecules, but the CTL also cross-react with the Dd molecule (or a molecule controlled by a locus closely linked to Dd). The recognition of the antigens detected by these two CTL behave as if controlled by alleles at the same minor H locus or loci. This locus is distinct from H-2, and the B10.AM congenic line apparently retained a C3H-derived allele at this locus. PMID- 6607513 TI - Increased immunoglobulin production in vitro in healthy HLA-B8-positive persons. AB - The histocompatibility antigens B8 and DR3 are associated with several autoimmune diseases, and immune hyper-responsiveness has been believed to be one factor in the pathogenesis of these diseases. In the present study we compared the in vitro immunoglobulin production of healthy HLA-B8-positive individuals with that of HLA B8-negative individuals. In HLA-B8-positive persons a higher number of pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated Ig-secreting cells was obtained. When the cells were stimulated with PWM in the presence of a physiological concentration of hydrocortisone (HC), the secretion of IgG was significantly higher in HLA-B8 positive individuals. This finding indicates that the PWM-stimulated IgG secretion in healthy HLA-B8-positive individuals is more sensitive for the enhancing action of HC. PMID- 6607514 TI - Frequency and type distribution of pneumococcal strains in the Stockholm region with resistance or reduced susceptibility to antibiotics. AB - Of 191 consecutive clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae tested for antibiotic susceptibility with the agar dilution technique 87% were fully sensitive to all of 11 antimicrobial agents examined. 90% of the strains were inhibited by 0.016 micrograms/ml of benzylpenicillin, by 0.032 micrograms/ml of ampicillin, cefuroxime, erythromycin, clindamycin or rifampicin, by 0.13 micrograms/ml of cephalothin, oxacillin or doxycycline, by 4.0 micrograms/ml of chloramphenicol and by 8.0 micrograms/ml of cotrimoxazole. 18 strains exhibited a reduced susceptibility to one (11 strains) or more (7 strains) of erythromycin, doxycycline, chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole. One of these strains also showed a reduced susceptibility to all 5 examined beta-lactam antibiotics, as did another 4 strains. Two of these 5 strains were isolated from small children recently adopted from 2 Asian countries. Cotrimoxazole-resistant strains were significantly more often isolated from children 1 yr of age or less than from older patients. All strains were fully sensitive to clindamycin and rifampicin. The existence of pneumococcal strains with resistance or reduced susceptibility to antibiotics commonly used for treatment of pneumococcal infections is important to bear in mind and necessitates antibiotic susceptibility testing of strains isolated from patients with severe infections. PMID- 6607515 TI - Treatment of the Gardnerella vaginalis syndrome with a single 2 gram oral dosage of metronidazole. AB - The Gardnerella vaginalis syndrome (GVS) is characterized by a smelly vaginal discharge of pH greater than 5.2. The microscopic appearance of the discharge is diagnostic. The Gram stain shows masses of small Gram variable bacilli which have a 'pepper and salt' pattern, and the wet film 'clue cells' and 'rafts' (floating clumps of small bacilli). The amine test is an additional diagnostic aid. 30 patients with this syndrome were treated with 2 g of metronidazole in a single oral dosage. 29 patients were cured at one week and 2 patients had a recurrence four weeks later. PMID- 6607516 TI - Metronidazole in treatment of non-specific vaginitis. Clinical and microbiological findings in ten patients given 2 grams of metronidazole. AB - A 2 gram single dose of metronidazole was given to ten patients suffering from nonspecific vaginitis. At follow-up a week later seven of these patients were clinically and microbiologically free from infection. The remaining three patients had persisting symptoms and both clinical and microbiological findings confirmed treatment failure. Despite the small numbers entered into the trial to date, a cure rate of only seven out of ten patients suggests that a 2 gram single dose of metronidazole is inadequate treatment for non-specific vaginitis. PMID- 6607517 TI - Current taxonomic status of Gardnerella vaginalis. PMID- 6607518 TI - Comparative antimicrobial activity of metronidazole and the hydroxy metabolite against Gardnerella vaginalis. AB - Metronidazole (M) (1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole) undergoes oxidative metabolism with the formation of several metabolites, the most important quantitatively in serum and urine being the "hydroxy" metabolite (HM) (1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-hydroxymethyl-5-nitroimidazole). The antimicrobial activity of HM was compared with M against strains of G. vaginalis using minimal inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) concentration determinations and time kill curve studies. At an inoculum of 10(6) colony forming units per ml (cfu/ml), and anaerobic incubation for 48 hours, the median MIC and MBC of HM were 1 and 2 micrograms/ml, respectively, compared to 4 and 16 micrograms/ml for M. HM also demonstrated a more rapid bactericidal effect than M in time-kill curves against exponential (10(6) cfu/ml) and stationary phase (10(10-13) cfu/ml) organisms. However, the cidal effect of HM against G. vaginalis was slower than that previously shown for M against obligate anaerobes such as B. fragilis. The degree of inactivation of both HM and M, determined by high pressure liquid chromatography, was similar during the time-kill studies and averaged less than 10% with exponential phase organisms and approximately 40% against stationary phase organisms after 48 hours' incubation. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that on usual dosage regimens of M used for non-specific vaginitis the serum levels of HM would likely exceed the MIC/MBC for most strains of G. vaginalis. Therefore, HM likely contributes a significant antimicrobial effect against this organism. PMID- 6607519 TI - Characterization of Gardnerella vaginalis by gas chromatography. AB - The principal objective of this study was the characterization of Gardnerella vaginalis by gas chromatography. Thirty-eight isolates and the type strain, ATCC 14018, of G. vaginalis were studied. Hexadecanoic (16:0), octadecenoic (18:1) and octadecanoic (18:0) were the major fatty acids detected. Only insignificant differences between the various isolates could be found. The gas chromatographic analysis of G. vaginalis revealed a characteristic pattern. Gas chromatography in combination with selective growth conditions provides a method for rapid and exact identification. PMID- 6607520 TI - Pathogenicity of Gardnerella vaginalis (Haemophilus vaginalis). AB - The controversy over the pathogenicity of Gardnerella vaginalis has a variety of explanations, including difficulty in isolating the organism on cultures, failure to employ established criteria for recognizing the clinical entity, and failure of some to employ orthodox investigate protocols. Briefly reviewed is the evidence that the bacterium is the index organism of a precisely defined specific vaginal infection. Any thesis that anaerobic bacteria are co-pathogens and essential for establishment of the classic clinical entity G. vaginalis vaginitis is challenged. That anaerobic bacteria can live in symbiosis with G. vaginalis and that they may account for some variations in clinical features of the disease are consistent with the fact that various indigenous bacteria often modify the clinical characteristics of most specific infections of open body cavities. The author believes that G. vaginalis is never indigenous, that it is never commensal, and that it consistently induces a recognizable vaginal disease. PMID- 6607521 TI - Gardnerella vaginalis and anaerobic bacteria in the etiology of bacterial (nonspecific) vaginosis. AB - G. vaginalis was originally described as the etiologic agent of bacterial vaginosis (nonspecific vaginitis) because it was recovered only from women with signs and symptoms of "bacterial vaginitis" and not from normal controls. Recent data have shown that G. vaginalis is present in normal women but at concentrations lower than the limit of sensitivity of the media formerly used. Detection of low concentrations of G. vaginalis in normal controls has been made possible by development of a selective and differential medium (HBT). Anaerobically performed studies of the vaginal flora have indicated that while lactobacilli predominate in the normal vagina with or without G. vaginalis, anaerobic bacteria including Bacteroides spp., Peptococcus spp., Eubacterium spp. and curved rods as well as G. vaginalis predominate in bacterial vaginosis. Anaerobic bacteria and G. vaginalis are decreased after appropriate therapy. After treatment with metronidazole, lactobacilli again predominate. Lactobacilli are less prevalent after treatment with ampicillin or amoxicillin. These data suggest that as in infections at other mucous membrane sites, bacterial vaginosis is a mixed infection involving a finite number of facultative and anaerobic species. The data also suggest an important role for facultative lactobacilli. PMID- 6607522 TI - A survey of genital infections in patients attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. AB - 747 consecutive patients, 531 men and 216 women, attending the Division of Dermatovenerology, City Health Dept., Oslo, were screened for N. gonorrhoeae (14.5% and 18.5%), C. trachomatis (19.6% and 20.8%), G. vaginalis (0.2% and 6.5%), and C. albicans (1.1% and 21.3%). The prevalence is given in brackets for men and women, respectively. This study was undertaken in order to determine the relative prevalence of these microorganisms with particular reference to G. vaginalis, to determine the importance of concomitant infections, and the possible effect of contraceptive methods (oral contraceptives and IUD) on the prevalence of these microorganisms. PMID- 6607523 TI - Microbial flora in women showing symptoms of nonspecific vaginosis: applicability of KOH test for diagnosis. AB - The microbial flora of the vagina in 100 consecutive patients coming to a gynaecologist's office because of excessive and malodourous vaginal discharge was investigated. Anaerobic bacteria were detected in 66% of cases, and Gardnerella vaginalis in 59% of cases. Lactobacilli were present in 52% of cases, Candida in 19%, Chlamydia trachomatis in 6% and Trichomonas vaginalis in 5%. Among the anaerobic bacteria, various strains of Bacteroides or Fusobacteria were the most common. The positive predictivity of KOH test varied from 86 to 98%. Its specificity was equally good, but its sensitivity was lower, in the range 66 to 76%. PMID- 6607524 TI - "Non-specific" vaginitis: a non-entity. AB - The author alleges that any knowledgeable physician owning a vaginal speculum and a microscope should rarely find the need for using the diagnosis, "non-specific" vaginitis, and that its too frequent use might well imply carelessness, indifference or a failure to employ available diagnostic methods. The suggestion is made that if the term "non-specific" vaginitis is to be retained in gynecologic nomenclature it should be assigned its rightful position and should include only those conditions without assignable etiology. The evidence shows that Gardnerella vaginalis (Haemophilus vaginalis, Corynebacterium vaginale) vaginitis is a precisely defined, specific vaginal infection, that the disease is sexually transmitted and that it accounts for most vaginitides previously classified as "nonspecific". PMID- 6607525 TI - The clinical signs and symptoms of Gardnerella-associated vaginosis. AB - Gardnerella-associated vaginosis (Hemophilus vaginalis vaginitis, nonspecific vaginitis) is the most common cause of vaginal discharge and odor. The clinical spectrum of this infection varies from total lack of symptoms to obvious odor and profuse vaginal discharge. The diagnosis of this syndrome can be made when a woman presents with a homogenous grey-white discharge that emits a fishy odor when a drop of 10% potassium hydroxide is mixed with a drop of vaginal discharge on a glass slide. The pH of this secretion is typically in the range of 5.0-5.5 as determined by indicator paper. The diagnosis is further confirmed when a microscopic examination of the discharge mixed with normal saline shows a virtual pure culture of tiny bacteria many of which are found clinging to vaginal epithelial cells forming the so-called "clue cells". Cultures to isolate Gardnerella vaginalis are unnecessary in clinical practice. PMID- 6607526 TI - Influence of metronidazole treatment on the vaginal microbiological flora. AB - In order to study the effects of metronidazole on the microbiology of the vagina in general and on Gardnerella vaginalis infection in particular, quantitative aerobic and anaerobic bacterial cultures were performed before and 4 weeks after initiation of metronidazole treatment, 400 mg three times daily for five days. Bacteriological results were compared with microscopic findings and with the results of "amine testing" with potassium hydroxide and with other clinical variables. We found a reasonably good correlation between the finding of clue cells, positive amine test and symptomatic Gardnerella infection. Treatment with metronidazole resulted in most cases in recolonization with lactobacilli and disappearance of clinical symptoms and findings, including clue cells, although G. vaginalis could still be detected. PMID- 6607527 TI - [Possibilities and limits of the diagnosis of coronary disease in general practice]. AB - Among the various forms of angina pectoris related to coronary artery disease, the Prinzmetal type is only seldom within the diagnostic possibilities of the general practitioner. Angina pectoris recurring after coronary artery bypass surgery calls for prompt coronary angiography. An active approach is also justified in postinfarction angina because of the usually severe underlying coronary lesions. Therefore, failure of medical therapy calls for further early investigations. In typical primary angina pectoris in man, failure of medical therapy requires angiography mainly to determine whether surgery is feasible. The same attitude should be followed in women, but bearing in mind that the probability of intact coronary arteries is much greater. The goal of the examination is then to "calm" the situation. In atypical forms of primary angina pectoris there is a high probability of intact coronary arteries, especially if the ECG at rest and at exercise remains normal. Nevertheless, this probability is not sufficiently great to exclude further investigations (isotopic or angiographic, according to the adopted policy). PMID- 6607528 TI - [Indications for coronary angiography and other special studies]. AB - The prerequisite in establishing the indication for coronary arteriography is low mortality and morbidity of the procedure. Mortality is about 1%, major complications are myocardial infarction (1.5 to 2%) and cerebral embolism (less than 1%). These low complication rates are generally achieved only in institutions which perform at least 400 procedures per year. Coronary arteriography is indicated in the following groups of patients: patients with angina pectoris aged below 45; patients over 45 with sudden worsening of angina, angina pectoris uncontrolled by medication (impaired quality of life) and cases where there is objective evidence of severe ischemia on exercise though angina is mild; recurrence of angina or positive stress ECG after myocardial infarction; following an episode of unstable angina; following resuscitation due to ventricular fibrillation; suspected Prinzmetal angina; postinfarction aneurysm with signs of heart failure; candidates for valve surgery aged over 45. Coronary arteriography is also performed to evaluate the result of bypass surgery, in patients with unclear diagnosis exposed to occupational hazards, and in acute myocardial infarction (thrombolysis, ventricular septal rupture, acute mitral regurgitation). The main indications for radioisotope studies (Tl-201 myocardial scintigraphy and radionuclide angiography during dynamic exercise) are detection and localization of ischemic zones and scars in patients with known coronary disease, and evaluation of the result of coronary artery bypass surgery. Less frequent indications are, today, atypical chest pain and uninterpretable ECG, and asymptomatic patients with abnormal stress ECG. 2-d echocardiography is the most widely used noninvasive technique for qualitative assessment of regional wall motion disorders at rest. 3800 coronary arteriographies are performed yearly in the public hospitals of Switzerland.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6607529 TI - [Pathogenesis of silicosis]. AB - Up to now it has been assumed that quartz kills the macrophages, and that their disintegration releases a fibrogenic factor and antigens which induce the immune process causing the silicotic hyalines and other immune symptoms. According to new immunologic findings this theory is no longer tenable. A new hypothesis, complementary to that of Vigliani and Pernis in the 1960s, is that quartz and other fibrogenic dusts stimulate the macrophages, or their death is preceded by a period of stimulation. The stimulated macrophages release interleukin-1, a protein with a molecular weight of 15,000, which stimulates the production of fibroblasts and T-lymphocytes. The stimulated T-lymphocytes produce lymphokines and, in particular, the "macrophage Ia recruitment factor" (MIRF) which causes macrophages to produce Ia antigens. The Ia antigens are necessary for the macrophages' presentation of exogenous or endogenous antigens to the T lymphocytes. The macrophages, additionally activated by the lymphokines, increase their immune functions so that a vicious circle macrophages/T-lymphocytes starts. The stimulated T-lymphocytes are now hyperactive against all T-dependent antigens, and their functions also include development of delayed hypersensitivity and action on the B-lymphocytes, inducing the latter's transformation into plasmoblasts and plasmocytes and the resultant production of gammaglobulins which precipitate locally on the collagen fibers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6607530 TI - Chromosome 4 Jt gene controls murine T cell surface I-J expression. AB - Data are presented suggesting a resolution to the paradox concerning the murine response subregion I-J, which encodes a suppressor T cell marker. The controversy arose when sequences corresponding to I-J DNA were not found in the central immune response region described by immunogeneticists. New evidence is presented that T cell surface I-J expression results from the action of at least two complementing genes. One gene is within the H-2 region on chromosome 17; the second gene, termed Jt, is on chromosome 4. The two recombinant mouse strains B10.A(3R) and B10.A(5R) originally used to define the I-J subregion apparently differ not within the H-2 region but elsewhere. PMID- 6607531 TI - Phosphorylation events during Mullerian duct regression. AB - Regression of the fetal rat Mullerian duct in vitro was stimulated by sodium fluoride in the absence of Mullerian inhibiting substance. The action of Mullerian inhibiting substance was inhibited by sodium vanadate, adenosine 5' triphosphate, and several related nucleotides in the presence of manganese ions. Epidermal growth factor specifically inhibited the substance, but only with manganese ions present. Insulin, platelet-derived growth factor, and nerve growth factor had no effect. These results suggest that dephosphorylation of membrane proteins mediates the action of Mullerian inhibiting substance. PMID- 6607532 TI - Gene-splicing protein to have orphan drug status. PMID- 6607533 TI - Elective coronary artery bypass in the elderly: experience in a community hospital. AB - Elective coronary artery bypass can now be safely done in elderly patients. Seventy-four patients, aged 70 to 81 years (mean, 73 years), had elective primary coronary artery bypass in a community hospital between August 1978 and November 1982. Two patients (3%) died within 30 days of operation. Late deaths (range, one to 38 months; mean, 19 months) have occurred in three patients (4%). Sixty-five patients (94%) are New York Heart Association classes I or II postoperatively. These results seem to justify continued application of this operation in carefully selected patients. PMID- 6607534 TI - Clinical neuropsychology in evaluating and treating brain dysfunction. AB - The current literature indicates that clinical neuropsychology offers a unique contribution to the assessment, treatment, and rehabilitation of patients with brain dysfunction. This paper provides an overview of the services available and the opportunities for collaborative research, as well as case examples to illustrate diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 6607535 TI - The social-class background of mentally retarded children. A study in Mannheim. PMID- 6607536 TI - Surface electrical stimulation in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis: preliminary results in 30 patients. AB - From 1978 to 1981, 30 patients have been treated for idiopathic scoliosis with surface electrical stimulation using the E.S.O. (Electro Spinal Orthosis) Single Channel designed by Medtronics. The criteria for selection were: patients who were skeletally immature; single thoracic, thoracolumbar or lumbar curvatures between 30 degrees and 40 degrees; or the same curve pattern greater than 20 degrees with 5 degrees of documented progression in one year; patient and family reliability. Patients with previous treatment were excluded from the study. No one was more than 15 years of age. Curve amplitude was between 25 degrees and 35 degrees in 72% of the patients. Curve pattern was single thoracic in 28 patients, thoracolumbar in one, and lumbar in one. Five patients were excluded from the evaluation of the results of stimulation of the correction of the curve. Of the 25 patients remaining, one was improved, 14 were stable, two had mild acceptable progression (less than 10 degrees with no need for further treatment), and eight had an unacceptable progression greater than 10 degrees requiring some form of alternative treatment. The authors conclude that significant improvement in the curvatures under treatment was extremely unlikely, that progression may have been stopped in some curves, that the curvatures under 30 degrees had the best results, and that curvatures that do not respond to surface electrical stimulation are not likely to respond to a Milwaukee brace treatment. PMID- 6607537 TI - [Von Willebrand's disease in 2 patients]. PMID- 6607538 TI - [Human leukocyte B27 antigen in patients with seronegative arthritis]. PMID- 6607539 TI - Anaesthesia in a patient with variegate porphyria undergoing coronary bypass surgery. A case report. AB - A 61-year-old White man with variegate porphyria recently underwent coronary bypass surgery for ischaemic heart disease. His pre-operative preparation and anaesthetic management are presented. The specific problems involved and their importance to the anaesthesiologist are discussed. PMID- 6607540 TI - Antibiotic therapy in acute infections of bone and joints in children. AB - Effective antibiotic therapy forms the mainstay of the treatment of acute bone and joint infections in children. The causal organisms and bacterial sensitivities encountered in a prospective study are presented. Initial antibiotic therapy is discussed, while the need for immediate Gram staining to identify resistant organisms is stressed. PMID- 6607541 TI - Maternal deaths at King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban. A review of 258 consecutive cases. AB - From 1 January 1975 to 31 December 1982 258 maternal deaths occurred at King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban. The main causes of death were hypertensive disease of pregnancy, abortion, puerperal sepsis and haemorrhage. The importance of antenatal care as a prerequisite for a healthy pregnancy is stressed; only 16% of the patients had received any antenatal care. The unhappy statistics of death after abortion (almost entirely due to interference with pregnancy) illustrate the need for sympathetic counselling, education in family planning and greater flexibility in the abortion law. The setting up of a centrally based emergency team is proposed. PMID- 6607542 TI - [Extensive endarterectomy of the left anterior descending artery]. AB - Diffuse obstructive disease of the left anterior descending coronary artery presents a new challenge to the surgeon especially if the heart and septal muscle supplied by this vessel is ischaemic but viable. Venous skips were utilized in the past to overcome this problem, but recently extensive endarterectomy of this system has been advocated. The case studies of 5 patients are presented who have undergone extensive endarterectomy of the left anterior descending artery and coronary bypass grafting. PMID- 6607543 TI - Leisure-time physical activity levels, cardiovascular fitness and coronary risk factors in 1015 white Zimbabweans. AB - To determine a 'threshold' level of habitual physical activity for the reduction of coronary risk factors, a cross-sectional study of 646 male and 369 female White Zimbabweans aged 20 - 70 years was undertaken. Results showed that light exercise, even up to four times a week, was not associated with meaningful changes in maximum oxygen intake (VO2MAX) or reduction in body fat or the incidence of smoking, but such changes were seen in subjects involved in vigorous exercise. Ischaemic changes on exercise ECGs were less frequent among those participating in strenuous exercise more than twice a week than among those performing either mild exercise or strenuous exercise less than twice a week. These data show that a 'threshold' level of exercise might exist above which there is a reduction in the percentage of body fat, the incidence of smoking and abnormal ST-segment depression during exercise, increased VO2MAX values and a reduced rate of fall of VO2MAX with age. Whereas participation in only light exercises had little effect, more strenuous exercise was associated with beneficial alterations in all these parameters. This level of exercise is also the 'threshold' level for elevations in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The results suggest that future longitudinal studies should employ only more vigorous exercise, to be undertaken at least three or preferably more times a week. PMID- 6607544 TI - Antigens of Mycoplasma hominis. AB - The antigens of Mycoplasma hominis have previously been defined by means of functional assays with rabbit antisera and have been found to be predominantly protein. In this study, sera from humans as well as those from rabbits were shown to recognize protein antigens of M. hominis in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that depended on antigen-binding capacity rather than biologic function. Although the ELISA was more independent of the strain of M. hominis used as antigen than was the mycoplasmacidal test, the use of no single strain allowed detection of more than 87% of positive sera; this observation suggests strain heterogeneity. In contrast to the results of other studies, common surface antigens among the strains of M. hominis used were demonstrated by immunoblot analysis of intact colonies. PMID- 6607545 TI - [An anti-inflammatory analgesic, Feldene (piroxicam), for pain following tooth extraction--clinical results]. PMID- 6607546 TI - [TDZ jelly in pedodontics]. PMID- 6607547 TI - [Clinico-immunologic aspects of patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis. Immunomodulating therapy]. PMID- 6607548 TI - Value of serum magnesium estimation in diagnosing myocardial infarction and predicting dysrhythmias after coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - Serial serum magnesium estimations, beginning before operation, were performed on 200 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. The results indicate that serum magnesium concentration is of no value in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction in the postoperative patient or in predicting which patients are susceptible to postoperative dysrhythmias. There was no statistically significant difference in serum magnesium values between those patients who had an uncomplicated course and patients who had sustained either myocardial infarction or postoperative dysrhythmia or both. PMID- 6607549 TI - Does qualitatively altered fibrinogen contribute to the increased heparin precipitable fraction (HPF) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI)? AB - The amount and protein composition of heparin precipitable fraction (HPF), and the plasma concentrations of fibrinogen, fibronectin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin and C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined in healthy subjects as well as during the course of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In all samples tested, HPF consisted nearly exclusively of fibrinogen and fibronectin. In the small precipitates from healthy subjects, approximately equal amounts of these two proteins were recovered. During the first days of AMI, plasma fibrinogen increased 2-3 fold. At the same time, however, the amount of HPF increased 5-10 fold. This increase was associated with increased precipitation of fibrinogen, whereas no simultaneous increase in fibronectin was found. In fact, a slight drop in plasma as well as HPF-fibronectin was regularly observed during this period. During the following week HPF returned to normal values, whereas the plasma fibrinogen remained elevated. No satisfactory explanation for this discrepancy can be offered at present. Thus, no evidence could be provided that other acute phase proteins than fibrinogen itself were involved. Some experiments, however, indicated qualitative changes in the fibrinogen participating in the HPF precipitation. Further studies are necessary to clarify this point. Such studies are in progress. PMID- 6607550 TI - [Monitoring of patients with acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 6607551 TI - [Immunological studies on patients with denture stomatitis]. PMID- 6607552 TI - Of cerebral blood flow, stroke and SPECT. PMID- 6607553 TI - Assessment of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in stroke using SPECT and N isopropyl-(I-123)-p-iodoamphetamine (IMP). AB - In this study we assessed regional cerebral blood flow in patients with signs and symptoms of acute stroke using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and N-isopropyl I-123 p-iodoamphetamine (IMP). Twenty-five patients with acute cerebral infarction had both IMP brain perfusion studies and CT scans performed within one week of each other; 22 had positive and three had negative perfusion studies. Of the 22 patients who had positive perfusion studies, six had negative CT studies initially. In the 16 patients who had abnormal CT studies, eight of the studies depicted areas of edema that were smaller than the perfusion deficits noted on the IMP studies and eight had areas of edema that were approximately equal in size to the perfusion defect. Of the three patients with normal IMP studies, two had normal CT studies and one had a positive CT study showing a 3-mm lacunar infarction. Using eight control patients, mean count rates per tissue volume normalized for the injected dose was calculated. Similarly, the quantitative data from regions of interest in the stroke patients were calculated and compared to the control patients or to a normal region in the uninvolved hemisphere in the same patients. SPECT with IMP was used to assess regional brain perfusion in acute cerebral infarction. Perfusion abnormalities were seen in our patients when the CT scan was normal, and quantitative data could be used to approximate regional cerebral blood flow in these patients when compared to the normal patient population. PMID- 6607554 TI - Stable xenon CT CBF measurements in prevalent cerebrovascular disorders (stroke). AB - Local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) and local tissue: blood partition coefficient (L lambda) values were measured for small volumes of gray or white matter by CT CBF. Single compartment analysis was used but fitted to infinity in normal volunteers aged between 20 to 100 years (N = 20). Hemispheric LCBF and L lambda values were compared to those of 61 age matched patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs, N = 10), reversible ischemic neurologic deficits (RINDS, N = 10), acute and chronic cerebral infarctions associated with emboli from atherosclerotic plaques or complete occlusion of internal carotid or middle cerebral arteries (n = 9) or of cardiac origin (N = 3), cerebral hemorrhage (N = 1), multi-infarct dementia (MID) (N = 11) and arteriovenous malformations (AVM) (N = 17). In normal aging, L lambda s were normal, but LCBF showed diffuse age-related declines. Symptomatic cerebrovascular disease was characterized by accentuation of age related LCBF declines. TIAs with unilateral ICA occlusion showed bilateral reductions of LCBF more evident in ischemic hemispheres. TIAs due to fibrino platelet emboli from ulcerated, non-occlusive ICA plaques were characterized by transient unilateral, localized LCBF reductions. All TIAs showed normal L lambda values. RINDS showed both LCBF and L lambda reductions. Larger embolic infarctions of ICA origin, whether acute or chronic, showed zones of zero flow with surrounding reductions of LCBF and L lambda values. Recent cerebral embolism of cardiac origin likewise exhibited zones of zero flow surrounded by reduced LCBF and L lambda values; but in chronic stages LCBF and L lambda values adjacent to zero flow zones were normal. MID was characterized by patchy reductions of LCBF and L lambda values throughout both hemispheres. Brain tissues surrounding AVM showed normal L lambda values but LCBF values were reduced due to steal. PMID- 6607555 TI - Paradoxical effects of LPS on the T-cell-independent type 2 anti-H-2 alloantigen antibody responses to allogeneic erythrocytes. AB - Murine allogeneic red blood cells (RBC) induce primary IgM antibody responses to H-2 alloantigens T-cell-independently (TI). In this study we showed that bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which should activate B lymphocytes polyclonally, could not trigger an anti-H-2d plaque-forming cell response. We then demonstrated that administration of LPS (on days 0-1) with allogeneic RBC suppressed the response of mice to H-2d, while giving LPS 4-6 days after RBC augmented the response. In contrast, LPS did not enable allogeneic spleen cells to induce an anti-H-2d response. Additional experiments showed that the allogeneic RBC behave as a TI class 2 antigen. It was concluded from these results that allogeneic RBC display a peculiar activity that exclusively triggers a TI type-2 B cell response that cannot be initiated by LPS and is modulated by LPS in an abnormal fashion. The possible significance of this finding in the mechanism of occurrence of natural H-2-specific IgM alloantibodies in aged mice is discussed. PMID- 6607556 TI - A radiobinding assay for human H-Y antigen using monoclonal antibodies. AB - Radiobinding assays using monoclonal H-Y antibodies were performed on human peripheral blood leukocytes, concanavalin-A-(conA)3 stimulated blast cells, and fibroblast primary cell cultures. For peripheral blood leukocytes, male-specific binding was demonstrated only when the cells were enriched for T cells and the H Y antisera were partially purified for the IgG or IgM fractions. Similar results were obtained with con-A-stimulated blast cells. Fibroblast cells could be tested with unpurified H-Y antisera. With our monoclonal antibodies, best results were obtained using con A blast cells and fibroblasts. PMID- 6607557 TI - Suppression of epidermal graft-versus-host disease with ultraviolet radiation. PMID- 6607558 TI - Cyclosporine. Mechanisms of action. PMID- 6607559 TI - Serological and immunological investigations in patients with gross splenomegaly from the Gabon. AB - Serological investigations (immunoglobulin, haptoglobin, cryoglobulin, and antibody determination against Plasmodium falciparum and P. malariae antigens) were performed in 64 adults of the Albert-Schweitzer-Hospital, Lambarene, Gabon. The patients were referred consecutively for ultrasound examination of the upper abdominal tract. 31 patients had clinically and sonographically an enlarged spleen, whereas 34 had a normal-sized spleen. 18 patients were regarded as having a gross splenomegaly without an obvious underlying cause (tropical splenomegaly (TSS]. No significant differences were seen between the patient groups with regard to immunoglobulin M or antiplasmodial antibody concentration. Thus, a causal association of splenomegaly with chronic malaria infections could not be established. The haptoglobin levels were significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced in patients with splenomegaly. Peripheral T-lymphocyte subsets as defined by monoclonal antibodies showed in all 4 cases with gross splenomegaly examined distinct abnormalities. Tropical splenomegaly is thought to encompass a variety of diseases, most of them presenting an intermediate stage of reactive to autonome disorders of the lymphatic system. PMID- 6607560 TI - [Chromosome changes in the blood lymphocytes compared to the strength of the immunity in parotitis virus infection and vaccination]. AB - Alterations of chromosomes in T-lymphocytes of peripheral blood reflected their participation in immune reactions. The associative index of acrocentric chromosomes in T-lymphocytes depended on their proliferative and migratory activity in the organism. The degree of cytogenetic and serological alterations in patients with parotitis was higher than in those having a contact and vaccinated children. PMID- 6607562 TI - [Syphilis with reduction of vision as the presenting symptom]. PMID- 6607561 TI - Cytotoxicity of subpopulations of splenic cells from normal and fibrosarcoma - bearing mice towards syngeneic tumour cells. AB - The nonadherent splenic cells from normal and tumour-bearing (mouse fibrosarcoma MFS) Swiss mice were divided into 6 subpopulations on Percoll step density gradient and characterised. For the determination of their cytotoxicity towards syngeneic MFS cells and their electrophoretic mobility (EPM), the splenic cell populations were pooled to form 2 broad groups: a lower-density group (density of saline to just less than 1.069 g/ml) and a higher-density group (1.069 to just less than 1.087 gm/ml). In general, the splenic cells from mice bearing 10- to 11 day-old MFS tumours differed in certain characteristics from those of normal mice in that they showed an increase in the following: proliferation, heterogeneity, with appearance of large cells (greater than 70 mu2); cells with a lower density (less than 1.069 g/ml); cells with a lower (less than 0.85 micron/sec/Volt/cm) anodi cEPM. The cytotoxicity studies revealed that: a) the lower-density splenic cells of both normal and tumour-bearing mice were more cytotoxic than the higher density splenic cells; b) the lower- and higher-density splenic cells of tumour bearing mice were more cytotoxic than the corresponding cells of normal mice. These findings indicate that the splenic cells of mice with a lower EPM and a lower density are the main contributors of cell-mediated cytolysis of a subpopulation of MFS cells. PMID- 6607563 TI - [Occurrence of Chlamydia trachomatis in vaginal discharges. A study from general practice]. PMID- 6607564 TI - [Immunological tests in lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6607565 TI - [Trial of trimedin action on chickens]. AB - Investigations were carried out with a total of 421 broiler birds (four-line Cornish X Plymouth Rock hydbrids) within the age range of 2 days to 5 weeks. Determined was the acute toxicity of the combination sulfadimidine (SDM) + trimetoprim (TMP)--5 + 1 and the water-soluble formula of trimedin following the intraingluvial introduction with week-old birds. LD50 of the combinations SDM+TMP (5+1) was 3980 mg/kg (2780: 5690), and that of trimedin was 2038 mg/kg body mass. The biologic half-life of SDM ranged from 4.77 to 5.34 h, and that of TMP--from 4.81 to 5.71 h at the intraingluvial introduction of the combination SDM+TMP (5+1) at the rate of 0.06 g/kg. Demonstrated were the therapeutic levels of SDM and TMP during the whole period (10 days) of treatment with the combination SDM+TMP (5+1) given with the feed in conc. 500 ppm or at the application of trimedin alone via the drinking water in conc. 0.05%. It was found that trimedin used for 10 days with the drinking water in conc. 0.05 per cent with broilers at the experimental infection with Salmonella gallinarum-pullorum protected about 40 per cent of the birds, the latter remaining, however, carriers of the infection. PMID- 6607566 TI - Murine xenotropic type C viruses. V. Biologic and structural differences among three cloned retroviruses isolated from kidney cells from one NZB mouse. AB - Three xenotropic retroviruses have been biologically cloned from cells cultured from the kidney of a 3-month-old NZB female mouse. They were obtained by first cocultivating the kidney cells for several weeks with mink, dog, and human cells and then cloning them by endpoint dilution. The cloned viruses differ in their infectivity and replicative ability in a variety of heterologous cell lines. The mink cell line-derived virus (X-NZB/K-Mlc) reaches titers in culture of over 10(8) infectious viruses/ml, and is produced in high titer within 24 hr after infection of mink lung cells. The human and dog cell-derived NZB viruses (X-NZB/K Huc and X-NZB/K-Dgc) grow to lower titers and are similar in many respects. They differ in their relative ability to replicate in dog and human cells and to transform mink S+L- cells. Peptide mapping studies indicate that the X-NZB/K-Mlc virus has a unique p15(E) protein which distinguishes it from the other two cloned NZB viruses. These results lend further support to the observation that several types of xenotropic virus are present in a mouse strain and that more than one virus can be expressed by one organ of a particular mouse. PMID- 6607568 TI - [Kartagener's syndrome]. PMID- 6607567 TI - Simple sugars inhibit rod outer segment disc shedding by the frog retina. AB - To investigate the hypothesis that sugar molecules might act as markers for ROS disc phagocytosis, frog eyecups were incubated in a normally permissive medium for ROS disc shedding with and without added simple sugars. L-fucose, alpha methyl-D-mannopyranoside and D-mannose all significantly reduced the numbers of packets of ROS discs found in the retinal pigment epithelium. D-fucose, L mannose, D-fructose, D-galactose, D-glucose and sucrose were without significant effect at the same concentration. Ultrastructural examination of the retinas indicates that the sugars were effective on the disc shedding process rather than on phagocytosis of already shed disc packets. PMID- 6607569 TI - [Evaluation of T- and B-cell immunity of regional lymph nodes in patients with skin melanoma and prognosis of the disease]. AB - Immune response of regional lymph nodes was studied in 30 skin melanoma patients. T-lymphocyte count in metastatic lymph nodes was lower than in those without metastases. T-lymphocyte proliferation in response to PHA was inhibited 3-fold and the level of surface immunoglobulin-bearing B-lymphocytes was approximately 1.6 times lower in the involved node group. Cytological examination of the involved nodes detected a decrease in the counts of lymphocytes and reticular cells. This further confirms that metastatic involvement of lymph nodes is associated with a low immunologic activity, thus suggesting an unfavorable prognosis. PMID- 6607570 TI - [T- and B-lymphocyte counts and their function in patients with primary liver cancer and alveococcosis]. AB - The levels of T- and B-lymphocytes were assayed and their functional activity studied in 23 patients with primary cancer and 21 cases of alveococcosis of liver. The lowered levels of T-lymphocytes in both groups and the decreased C3 fraction of B-lymphocytes in primary cancer of the liver were observed. Considerable changes in serum immunoglobulin system, i. e. an increased level of all immunoglobulins (G, A and M), are reported. PMID- 6607571 TI - [Value of computerized tomography in the diagnosis of subtentorial tumors in children]. PMID- 6607572 TI - [Motor performance and motor handicaps in the 60 to 90-year-old urban population]. AB - The motor performance and ADL-abilities of 770 individuals age 60 to 90 were examined within a population study carried out in Berlin West. The results of the "Test for Measuring Motor Impairment in Prevalence Studies" (Jefferys et al. 1969) show the distribution of motor disabilities, impairments, and handicaps in the population and how it depends on the area of residence, sex, and age. The question to what extent the motor malfunction affects the capabilities in everyday self-maintenance (ADL-Index, self rating) is traced. Finally, the prevalence of different degrees of dependency is estimated for various age groups. PMID- 6607573 TI - [Physical therapy in geriatrics--possibilities and limits]. AB - Physical therapy takes a great part in the rehabilitation of geriatric patients. Active exercise should stand in the first place. A good cooperation of the patient himself is required, also physical abilities and various interactions of different illnesses must be considered, when the aim of the treatment is determined. Passive physical modalities have a pain-relieving effect. It has to be considered that too many and too intensive applications of heat, hydrotherapy, and diathermy may cause an overstress for elderly patients. As a rule, physical therapy should be employed adequately. When the patient has attained a stable condition, individual therapy should be replaced by exercises in groups. PMID- 6607574 TI - [Stimulant current diagnosis and therapy with pulsed currents]. AB - Thanks to its efficiency and versatility, and the fact that it has none of the frequently negative side-effects of drugs, stimulant-current therapy has become rapidly more important. The use of defined stimulant-current pulses also enables the condition of neuromuscular system to be described accurately in terms of measurements--a valuable diagnostic aid and therapeutic monitoring facility. The method, procedure and criteria for its use, and some special therapies, are described. PMID- 6607575 TI - [Inhibitory role of serotonin in manifestations of predatory aggression in the mink and silver fox]. AB - The predatory aggression of minks and silver-black foxes were estimated by their attacks on the rats placed in their cage. Intraperitoneal injection of 5 hydroxytryptophan (serotonin precursor) in a dose of 100 mg/kg to foxes and 50 mg/kg to minks, caused a significant blocking of predatory aggression. Estimation of serotonin level in the brain following administration of corresponding doses of 5-HTP inhibiting the predatory aggression, revealed a considerable increase of serotonin content. It may be assumed that serotonin inhibitory mechanisms of predatory aggression are homologous in different species of animals. PMID- 6607576 TI - Lysozyme in the labial salivary glands of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Lysozyme (muramidase) levels in the saliva have previously been discovered to be elevated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a fact which has been tentatively ascribed to immunological reactivity in the salivary glands due to RA. To characterize further the mechanisms involved in elevation of salivary lysozyme, labial salivary glands from 57 RA patients and from 43 healthy control (CO) subjects were assessed morphologically, using ANAE (acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase) stain for B, T and MPS cells, as well as by immunoperoxidase kits for lysozyme. In addition, lysozyme concentration in serum, saliva and lacrimal fluid was chemically determined. Lysozyme immunoreactivity was disclosed in the serous acinar cells and in the epithelium of intercalated ducts, but never in the striated ducts. No difference in the localization or intensity of the staining could be found between RA and CO series. Lysozyme levels were elevated in serum and in saliva, but not in lacrimal fluid of RA patients. The percentile distribution on B, T, and MPS cells was equal in both series. MPS cells, which are known to be a rich source of lysozyme, were fewer in glands showing lysozyme immunoreactivity than in lysozyme-negative glands. This is evidence against the suggested direct relationship between MPS cell counts and lysozyme concentrations in external secretions. The results are discussed in terms of the immunological reactivity in salivary glands of patients affected by RA, with special emphasis on the intimate co-operation of the different protective systems (IgA, beta 2 microglobulin, lactoferrin, and lysozyme) shown to be operative in such glands.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6607577 TI - [Measurement methods for self-assessment of the state of health by rheumatism patients]. AB - In the course of the preparation of multicenter clinical trials involving patients suffering from rheumatic diseases, a self-administered questionnaire for the subjective assessment of health status was developed and tested; the pilot study included 186 patients at 14 hospitals. The questionnaire gathered data in the following areas: pain, complaints, psychological wellbeing, depression, anxiety, and functional status. Experts participating in our project thought these parameters to be relevant to the self-assessment of health status. Scales from the literature on psychometry and health indicators were chosen to assess the parameters. In the pilot study the usefulness and feasibility of the parameters and measurements were tested. A revised and shorter form of the original self-administered questionnaire was developed on the basis of the results of the pilot study, and this questionnaire was then recommended for use in clinical trials. The questionnaire is discussed in the light of the recent literature reporting on similar assessment methods for rheumatic patients. PMID- 6607578 TI - [Surgical treatment of aortic isthmus stenosis in adults]. AB - The report refers to a group of 34 adult patients. End-to-end anastomosis was performed in 15 cases, interposition or bypass of prostheses in 13 cases and plastic operations in 6 cases. The surgical mortality rate came up to 2.9%. Paradoxical hypertension encountered in 19 cases was the main problem in the postoperative period. PMID- 6607579 TI - [Analysis of eclampsia cases of the years 1957-1982 at the University Gynecologic Clinic in Leipzig]. AB - Of the total of 104 873 patients who have been delivered between 1957 and 1982, 99 women (0.094 per cent) were diagnosed as having eclampsia. Maternal lethality was 4.0 per cent, and perinatal lethality was 20.8 per cent. Delivery was spontaneous in 34.3 per cent, and caesarean section, vacuum extraction, and forceps delivery were performed in 45.5 per cent, 8.1 per cent and 12.1 per cent respectively. The incidence of eclampsia decreased generally. The prognosis for both mother and fetus could be improved by modern methods of intensive care in close connection with termination of pregnancy. PMID- 6607580 TI - Serum lipase, isoamylase and pancreatic function test (PFT) in juvenile-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - Significantly decreased activity of pancreatic isoamylase in serum was found in a group of 51 juvenile-onset insulin-dependent diabetics as compared to healthy subjects (p less than 0.005). No significant changes were observed for urinary p aminobenzoic acid excretion in 20 of the juvenile-onset diabetics in whom the NBT PABA test was performed, even though 25% of the values were below the normal limit. A highly significant decrease of serum lipase activity was found in juvenile-onset diabetics as compared to controls (p less than 0.001). No significant correlation was found in juvenile-onset diabetics between serum pancreatic isoamylase and lipase or marker of chymotrypsin activity expressed as the amount of p-aminobenzoic acid excreted into urine. The NBT-PABA test appears to be of small importance in the evaluation of changes of the exocrine pancreas in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. However, simultaneous evaluation of serum pancreatic isoamylase and lipase activities justified the suspicion of pancreatic damage in 50% of the patients tested. PMID- 6607581 TI - [CSF-producing gall bladder neoplasm. Presentation of a case and characteristics of CSF produced by tumor cells]. PMID- 6607582 TI - [Hematologic studies of malignant lymphoma. (2) Drainage of thoracic duct lymph from 2 patients with adult T-cell leukemia]. PMID- 6607583 TI - [Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema]. AB - Non-cardiac pulmonary edema comprises all types of pulmonary edema not caused by increase of left ventricular filling pressure and elevated pulmonary capillary pressure. In one year 42 patients at our intensive care unit developed non cardiac pulmonary edema. In a retrospective study the clinical, radiological and functional changes in patients with non-cardiac pulmonary edema were determined. 76% of the patients had multiple causes for development of non-cardiac pulmonary edema. Sepsis was the most frequent predisposing disease. Over-all mortality reached up to 69%. Additional organ failure caused an increase in mortality. Patients without complications had the best prognosis. Mechanical ventilation (69%), high-dose corticosteroids (50%), hemodialysis with ultrafiltration (33.3%) and hemofiltration (7.1%) were used for treatment of non-cardiac pulmonary edema. PMID- 6607584 TI - Immunological study of pustulosis palmaris et plantaris. Blastoid transformation of tonsil and peripheral blood lymphocytes by stimulation with human skin extract. AB - The experiment was performed in order to approach the question whether denatured epithelial debris in the tonsillar crypts could be an antigenic substance which might be responsible for inducing autoallergic reactions in the skin. Identical antigenicity of the tonsillar epithelium and of the skin was determined by immunofluorescence study. Then heat-denatured skin extract was used as a model system for studying the antigenicity of denatured epithelial debris. A blastoid transformation study of tonsil and peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from patients with pustulosis palmaris et plantaris and control individuals was carried out by stimulating with heat-denatured skin extract. Tonsil lymphocytes responded well to skin extract, but peripheral blood lymphocytes scarcely responded at all. Skin extract induced transformation of tonsil lymphocytes occurred in the T-cell fraction, but not in the B-cell fraction. The results indicate that denatured tonsillar epithelium can induce an immune response of tonsil lymphocytes as autoantigen, and that the blastogenesis observed was dependent upon T cells. PMID- 6607585 TI - Seropositivity of a blood recipient from a donor with positive adult T-cell leukemia-associated antigens. AB - A blood recipient, aged 66, was found to have positive adult T-cell leukemia associated antigens (ATLA), approximately half a year after a transfusion. The donor's ATLA-antibody titer was 1: 640. Routine screening of blood donors for ATLA antibody was proposed. PMID- 6607586 TI - Sensation seeking, reinforcement, and student drug use. AB - College student volunteers completed the Sensation Seeking Scale, a drug use survey, and provided demographic information. Subjects were also asked to generate a list of the events that they found most reinforcing (Reinforcer List). Drug use was positively related to scores on all subscales of the Sensation Seeking Scale. Although neither drug use nor sensation seeking scores were related to the total number of items generated on the Reinforcer List, drug users did generate a higher percentage of items rated as high sensation producing items, and percent high sensation reinforcers was correlated with scores on the Sensation Seeking Scale. These results illustrate the importance of the sensation seeking motive as a correlate of student drug use. PMID- 6607587 TI - Immune functions in Parkinson's disease. PMID- 6607588 TI - Utility and efficacy of portable chest radiographs. AB - Portable films were monitored for 10-day periods in 1979 and 1982. Information was gathered on the indications for the examinations, the number of positive findings and their relation to the clinical condition of the patient, and whether or not the examination was properly performed as a portable or emergency examination. There were positive radiographic findings in 45.4% of the examinations. The most common indication for requesting an examination was to monitor a known lesion including daily routine films; surprisingly, 37% of these examinations demonstrated new radiographic findings even though the patients demonstrated no change in their clinical status. Portable technique was indicated in 94% of the cases, while only 56% should have been ordered as an emergency. PMID- 6607589 TI - Solid pleural manifestations of lymphoma. PMID- 6607590 TI - Mediastinal-width/chest-width ratio in blunt chest trauma: a reappraisal. AB - The chest radiographs of 54 patients with blunt chest trauma and suspected aortic rupture were reviewed retrospectively. A mediastinal-width/chest-width ratio was calculated at the level of the aortic arch. There were 44 patients without evidence of aortic rupture on aortography or surgical exploration and 10 patients with surgically confirmed aortic rupture. There was no identifiable ratio of significance in distinguishing those with aortic rupture and those without rupture. The mediastinal-width/chest-width ratio is of insufficient sensitivity and specificity in confirming or excluding aortic rupture to be clinically useful. PMID- 6607591 TI - A pericardial cyst with high CT numbers. PMID- 6607592 TI - Webs of the lower esophagus: a complication of gastroesophageal reflux? AB - Seven patients with webs within 6 cm of the gastroesophageal junction were identified from 5109 barium studies of the esophagus covering a 10-year period (incidence, 0.14%). These webs were clearly distinct from the B-ring at the gastroesophageal junction itself. Demographic, social, and clinical factors for these patients are reviewed and compared with those of 26 cervical-web patients diagnosed in the same 10-year period, 26 control thoracic esophagogram patients and 26 control cervical esophagogram patients. Five of the seven patients with lower esophageal webs had gastroesophageal reflux. PMID- 6607593 TI - The tube esophagram: a technique for obtaining a detailed double-contrast examination of the esophagus. AB - Although double-contrast esophagography is capable of delineating fine surface morphologic detail in the esophagus, it is not possible to obtain an optimal examination on all patients. Tube esophagography is a complementary technique that can provide a more detailed double-contrast examination of the esophagus. This procedure was performed on 45 patients in whom the routine double-contrast study was inconclusive. The tube esophagram contributed significantly to the radiologic evaluation in 33 cases, providing additional information in 23 and actually altering the final radiologic diagnosis in 10. The tube esophagram was particularly useful in depicting the distal esophagus when the initial double contrast study was suboptimal due to inadequate distension and/or barium pooling that obscured mucosal detail in this region. The tube esophagram is a valuable adjunctive procedure that can lead to a more definitive radiologic diagnosis when the routine double-contrast examination is inconclusive. PMID- 6607594 TI - Small bowel double-contrast enema in stage III ovarian cancer. AB - The efficiency of small bowel double-contrast enema in the detection and localization of tumor- or therapy-induced lesions of the intestine was studied retrospectively in 43 patients with stage III ovarian carcinoma. The radiographic findings in 62 examinations were verified by operative and autopsy findings and by the clinical course. Postoperative changes in the small bowel were noted in 69% of the patients (63% moderate, 6% severe). Signs of acute radiation enteritis were found in 36% (all moderate). Signs of chronic radiation enteropathy were detected in 71% (53% moderate, 18% severe). Small bowel obstruction due to recurrent tumor was correctly identified in 9%. Nonobstructing peritoneal implants were detected in 27% of the patients. The small bowel double-contrast enema is accurate in localizing lesions resulting from adhesions, acute and chronic radiation enteritis, or obstructing tumor; it is less efficient in detecting nonobstructive peritoneal metastases. The major clinical value of this examination is its ability to differentiate "dysfunctional intestine," which is managed conservatively, from focal obstruction requiring surgery. The radiographic features of chronic radiation enteritis on double-contrast enema examination are discussed in detail. PMID- 6607595 TI - Colonic polyp patterns in familial polyposis. AB - The diagnosis of familial polyposis depends on there being more than 100 adenomatous polyps in the large bowel. The polyps are the result of intramucosal microadenomatous growth. The age at which this occurs varies, and in the early stages of polyp development relatively few larger polyps may be seen. The numbers and size of the polyps as seen on double-contrast barium enema were compared with the macroscopic findings on the resected specimens in 27 patients with proven polyposis. Of these patients, 23 (83%) were diagnosed when polyps were first found at sigmoidoscopy. Radiologically the predominant polyp size was more than 5 mm in only four cases, 2-5 mm in 22 (81%), and less than 2 mm in one. Of the 22 with predominately 2-5 mm polyps, eight had significant numbers of nodules smaller than 2 mm and three had considerable numbers of polyps larger than 5 mm. Eleven (41%) were thought to have fewer than 70 polyps. Pathologically the nodular pattern (less than 2 mm) predominated in 11 (41%) and 14 had polyps of 2 5 mm. More than 100 polyps were present in each case, with fewer than 500 polyps in eight. In the 11 patients thought radiologically to have fewer than 70 polyps, the nodular pattern predominated in nine. In the initial stages of polyp growth, the larger polyps are less numerous, and the background nodular pattern is a useful diagnostic feature of familial polyposis. PMID- 6607596 TI - Comparative efficacy of colon-cleansing methods: standard preparation vs. Colimmac lavage. AB - A randomized trial was conducted to compare the efficacy of the following preparations for colon cleansing: (1) 24 hr of clear liquids plus two major laxatives plus tap-water enemas (standard preparation), (2) Colimmac lavage, and (3) Colimmac lavage plus one major laxative. Standard preparation was found to be significantly superior to the other methods. Overall it was thought that Colimmac as evaluated by this study is not satisfactory for clinical use. PMID- 6607597 TI - CT of bilateral adrenal hemorrhage with acute adrenal insufficiency in the adult. AB - Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage and acute adrenal insufficiency in three acutely ill patients occurred as a complication of pneumonia in two and recent abdominal surgery in the third. The diagnosis was unsuspected in each case before abdominal computed tomography (CT), which showed bilateral adrenal masses. CT was done for suspected intraabdominal sepsis. Adrenal insufficiency was confirmed by endocrine studies, and each patient promptly recovered with steroid replacement therapy. Follow-up CT showed diminution or disappearance of the masses and density changes consistent with resolving hematomas. PMID- 6607598 TI - Computed tomography of liver infarction. AB - Liver infarcts are relatively rare and uncommonly are diagnosed before autopsy. The CT appearance of hepatic infarction was studied in five patients. In four of these, well-defined, wedge-shaped, low-attenuation zones extending to the liver surface were seen on contrast-enhanced scans. The infarcts involved the right lobe of the liver in all patients, and the left lobe as well in two. Associated splenic infarcts were present in three patients and renal infarcts in two. While the clinical and laboratory findings in hepatic infarction can be completely mimicked by hepatic abscess, the different CT appearance of these lesions should permit noninvasive distinction in most patients. PMID- 6607599 TI - Splenic "draping": clarification by gastric and splenic scintigraphy. PMID- 6607600 TI - Lesser sac pneumoperitoneum secondary to perforation of the intraabdominal esophagus. PMID- 6607601 TI - Cyst of the falciform ligament of the liver. PMID- 6607602 TI - Iopamidol: new, nonionic contrast agent for excretory urography. AB - Iopamidol, a new, nonionic contrast agent, was evaluated in 18 patients undergoing excretory urography. None of the 18 patients experienced any side effects or adverse reactions. No abnormalities were noted in serum chemistries, complete blood cell counts, urinalyses, or electrocardiograms. The half-life of iopamidol in 17 patients with normal renal function was 2.5 hr. The urograms were judged to be of good or excellent quality in 15 of 16 patients using doses of 200 and 250 mg l/kg of iopamidol. Two patients who were studied using a dose of only 120 mg l/kg had urograms rated poor. Fifteen iopamidol urograms (mean iodine dose, 17.4 g) were compared in a blind fashion with 15 meglumine diatrizoate studies (iodine dose, 29 g). No qualitative difference could be detected between the two groups of urograms. Iopamidol may provide equal-quality diagnostic studies with a lower iodine dose and perhaps greater safety than the currently used ionic agents. PMID- 6607603 TI - Renal toxicity of contrast agents: iopamidol, iothalamate, and diatrizoate. AB - As part of a general safety study of iopamidol, a nonionic iodinated contrast agent, urine N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase enzyme assays were done to compare the renal toxicity of iopamidol with that of iothalamate and diatrizoate. In a randomized study of 30 patients for computed body tomography and another 30 patients for angiography, 10 in each group were injected with iopamidol, 10 with iothalamate, and 10 with diatrizoate. After computed tomography or angiography with the three agents, there was no significant difference in urinary enzyme levels among the groups. The nephrotoxicity of iopamidol appears equivalent to that of diatrizoate and iothalamate. PMID- 6607604 TI - Upper reproductive tract radiographic findings in DES-exposed female offspring. AB - Earlier reports implicated the association of adenosis and adenocarcinoma of the vagina in offspring exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol (DES). Subsequently attention was directed to the structural abnormalities of the mullerian system in the same females. In this report, the hysterosalpingographic findings in 11 DES exposed women are presented. The external cervical os was stenotic in two patients. Multiple uterine cavity aberrations were noted: T-shaped configuration, hypoplasia, constriction deformities, and nodular or other filling defects. Tubal patency was demonstrated consistently. If structural abnormalities of the vagina and/or cervix are present, then upper reproductive tract alterations should be considered. PMID- 6607605 TI - The management of surgically placed silastic transhepatic biliary stents. PMID- 6607606 TI - Percutaneous drainage of renal abscesses. AB - Percutaneous drainage combined with cross-sectional imaging is reported in five patients with intrarenal abscesses. No recurrences and no complications occurred. This nonsurgical approach avoids the risks inherent in surgical therapy. Combined with appropriate antibiotic coverage, percutaneous drainage is an effective nonsurgical therapy for unilocular intrarenal abscesses. PMID- 6607607 TI - Rapid dilatation of percutaneous nephrostomy tracks. AB - Dilatation of a percutaneous nephrostomy track is essential for procedures such as stone or foreign-body removal and nephroscopy. In 140 patients, a technique was used of rapid dilatation to 24 French. It required only a few minutes. This procedure proved to be safe, easy to master, and the materials are readily available. Rapid track dilatation under general anesthesia, immediately followed by nephroscopy, has been a major contribution to success in renal calculus removal, resulting in considerably shortened patient and physician time. PMID- 6607608 TI - Iliopsoas abscess: treatment by CT-guided percutaneous catheter drainage. AB - Eight cases of iliopsoas abscess were diagnosed and treated by computed tomographic (CT)-guided needle aspiration and percutaneous catheter drainage. The etiology varied but was definitely established in only four of eight cases. Seven of eight were successfully drained and surgery avoided. The eighth patient defervesced satisfactorily but ultimately required surgical debridement of a sacral osteomyelitis. Clinical, anatomic, and technical considerations for percutaneous drainage of iliopsoas abscesses are discussed. CT was essential both in early diagnosis and in guiding diagnostic needle aspiration and catheter placement. Image-guided percutaneous drainage appears to be the treatment of choice for iliopsoas abscess. PMID- 6607609 TI - Steerable loop snare for percutaneous retrieval of renal calix calculi. PMID- 6607610 TI - Collateral pathways of the left gastric vein in portal hypertension. AB - Since June 1974, 347 percutaneous transhepatic portal venographic studies were performed on 246 patients with portal hypertension who had had bleeding gastroesophageal varices. Of 234 patients in whom left gastric veins (LGV) (coronary) were demonstrated, 177 (75.6%) had a single LGV and 57 (24.4%) had multiple left gastric veins (21.8% had two LGVs, 2.1% had three LGVs, and 0.5% had five LGVs). Of 193 patients undergoing selective left gastric venography, spontaneous portosystemic communications to the left renal vein were found in 55, to the inferior vena cava in two, to the inferior pulmonary veins in five, to the pericardiophrenic vein in eight, to the right inferior phrenic vein in three, and to the left intercostal veins in one. Interportal communications with the left gastric vein and varices occurred from the left portal vein in 13, from the gastroepiploic vein in one, and from a superior mesenteric vein branch in one. The predominant drainage of esophageal varices was to the azygos vein in 78 of 155 patients, to the hemiazygos vein in 13, and to multiple small unnamed veins in the mediastinum in 57. Opacified varices did not extend above the level of the azygos vein arch in 71 of 130 patients; however, 59 continued cephalad to the azygos arch and drained through more superior veins of the thorax. Knowledge of the anatomy and incidence of each of these portosystemic or interportal venous communications is important to properly treat bleeding esophageal varices by surgery or angiographic embolization. PMID- 6607611 TI - Sonography of cavernous transformation of the portal vein. PMID- 6607612 TI - Angiographic contributions to the management of advanced cancer. AB - Angiography has proved to be a useful adjuvant to management of advanced cancer. By arterial infusion, greater tumor response to drugs may be achieved than by systemic administration. In osteosarcomas, improved control of primary tumors by intraarterial drug therapy (n = 53) permitted more frequent limb salvage procedures, and, in advanced bladder cancer (n = 18), pain and hematuria were controlled in the majority. Some brain tumors (n = 30), failing control by other methods, have responded to intraarterial chemotherapy. Arterial embolization is also useful for tumor control in combination with surgery and chemotherapy. In unresectable giant cell tumors of bone and aneurysmal bone cyst, pain relief and tumor regression occurred in over half the patients. In hepatic tumors, failing control by intraarterial drug infusion, embolization of the tumor extended survival. A brief description of new methods for intravascular delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs completes this overview of experience at M.D. Anderson Hospital with angiographic cancer therapy. PMID- 6607613 TI - An easily constructed model of the coronary arteries. PMID- 6607614 TI - The importance of preheating contrast media. PMID- 6607615 TI - Evaluation of the gasless abdomen in the newborn and young infant with metrizamide. AB - The finding of a gasless abdomen on the abdominal radiograph of an infant over 12 hr old is usually abnormal and may reflect a serious pathologic disorder. Accurate diagnosis is important to plan appropriate therapy. A careful review of the clinical history and the plain chest and abdominal radiographs will often permit an accurate diagnosis to be made. In cases where the diagnosis remains in doubt, contrast studies of the bowel with metrizamide have proved helpful. This report presents six infants with gasless abdomens of unknown cause. In each case, a metrizamide contrast study of the bowel was helpful in providing an accurate diagnosis. PMID- 6607616 TI - Patterns of calcification in childhood dermatomyositis. AB - The radiographs of 40 patients with childhood dermatomyositis, an uncommon inflammatory disease, were reviewed. Four distinct patterns of calcification were identified: deep calcareal masses, superficial calcareal masses, deep linear deposits, and a lacy, reticular, subcutaneous deposition of calcium encasing the torso (not emphasized in recent literature). This linear reticular pattern of calcification was associated with a severe unremitting clinical course. Soft tissue calcification was identified in 40% of cases, a lower incidence than previously reported. No patient in this series had acroosteolysis or pulmonary parenchymal disease, radiographic findings more commonly associated with childhood scleroderma. PMID- 6607617 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of semilobar holoprosencephaly. PMID- 6607618 TI - Displacement of the appendix in intussusception. PMID- 6607619 TI - Transillumination lightscanning to diagnose breast cancer: a feasibility study. AB - Lightscanning is a new technique for breast diagnosis. The breast is illuminated with low-intensity light, and the transmission pattern of relatively narrow bands of red and infrared light is detected, amplified, reconstructed, and displayed in visual wavelengths. With a prototype scanner, 1200 patients referred for xeromammography were examined. All patients had both a lightscan and a xeromammogram obtained on the same day, and the examinations were interpreted blindly and in combination. Thirty-three patients had biopsy-proven cancer. The sensitivity and specificity of the nonblind lightscan and the xeromammogram were comparable. The sensitivity of the blind lightscan was poorer than the other two examinations for tumors smaller than 10 mm and for nonpalpable tumors. The technique of lightscanning is discussed and recommendations for further evaluation are made. PMID- 6607620 TI - Sonography of the transverse fetal lie. AB - Two hundred thirty-five patients with transverse fetal lies incidentally discovered by sonography at more than 20 weeks of gestation were followed to term. The overall persistence of this malposition was 6.0%, ranging from 2.6% in the 20-25 week group to 11.8% in the 36-40 week group. Low implantation or placenta previa was seen in 29.3% overall and 35.7% of cases that persisted to term. Other potentially predisposing anatomic factors were encountered infrequently. Most incidentally discovered transverse fetal lies seem to be fortuitous and transient, but the likelihood of persistence increases as term approaches. PMID- 6607621 TI - Bone dysplasias: not so rare, definitely important. PMID- 6607622 TI - Neuroradiology as a subspecialty. PMID- 6607623 TI - Upper abdominal trauma in children: imaging evaluation. AB - One hundred consecutive children with serious blunt upper-abdominal injury were evaluated prospectively to assess the accuracy and usefulness of emergency computed tomography (CT) compared with liver-spleen scintigraphy and sonography. Ninety-five hemodynamically stable patients were imaged. The results of this 20 month study indicate that CT has fewer false negatives and false positives than scintigraphy or sonography, that CT is useful in abdominal trauma, and that CT provides the most information of any single diagnostic imaging test commonly available. PMID- 6607624 TI - An imaging approach to persistent neonatal jaundice. AB - Fifteen patients with persistent neonatal jaundice were evaluated by sonography and radionuclide scintigraphy. The sonographic features of both neonatal hepatitis and biliary atresia are nonspecific. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy after phenobarbital pretreatment in patients with neonatal hepatitis demonstrates normal hepatic extraction and delayed tracer excretion into the gastrointestinal tract. If there is neonatal hepatitis with severe hepatocellular damage, the hepatic extraction of tracer activity is decreased and excretion may be delayed or absent. Patients under 3 months of age with biliary atresia have normal hepatic extraction of tracer with no excretion into the gastrointestinal tract. Sonography in patients with a choledochal cyst shows a cystic mass in the porta hepatis with associated bile-duct dilatation. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy confirms that the choledochal cyst communicates with the biliary system. Initial sonography demonstrates hepatobiliary anatomy; subsequent phenobarbital-enhanced radionuclide scintigraphy determines hepatobiliary function. An expedient diagnostic approach is recommended for the evaluation of persistent neonatal jaundice. PMID- 6607625 TI - Sonographic assessment of renal length in normal children. AB - Renal length was measured from normal real-time sonograms of 203 pediatric patients and graphed to provide a "growth chart" of normal renal size vs. age. Mean renal lengths are reported for each year of age. For children older than 1 year, the regression equation is: renal length (cm) = 6.79 + 0.22 X age (years). For babies younger than 1 year, the equation is: renal length (cm) = 4.98 + 0.155 X age (months). PMID- 6607626 TI - Infundibulopelvic stenosis in children. AB - Of 11,500 children who underwent excretory urography during a 17-year period, three were found to have the rare renal malformation infundibulopelvic stenosis, characterized by caliceal dilatation, infundibular stenosis, and hypoplasia or stenosis of the renal pelvis. The contralateral kidney was absent in two cases and normal in the other. Voiding cystourethrograms were normal in all three. Renal sonography showed a variable degree of caliceal dilatation without associated pelvic dilatation. The diagnosis was confirmed by retrograde ureteropyelography in one case. Two patients were followed for 12 and 18 months, respectively; both remained asymptomatic with normal renal function, and sequential sonographic examinations of their kidneys have shown no significant changes. The third patient died of an unrelated condition. Infundibulopelvic stenosis has highly characteristic radiographic features, and prognosis is good for most affected patients. PMID- 6607627 TI - Balloon dilatation of tracheal and bronchial stenosis. PMID- 6607628 TI - Sequential computer-assisted hepatobiliary scintigraphy in the evaluation of conjoined twins. PMID- 6607629 TI - Cystic adenomatoid malformation: antenatal demonstration. PMID- 6607630 TI - Failure of furosemide to induce diuresis in a growth-retarded fetus. PMID- 6607631 TI - Utility of CT in detecting postpneumonectomy carcinoma recurrence. AB - After pneumonectomy for bronchogenic carcinoma, detection of recurrent disease in the ipsilateral hemithorax or mediastinum is often difficult. The authors discuss the utility of CT in the evaluation of 18 postpneumonectomy patients who had developed new clinical symptoms. In six patients without documented tumor recurrence, CT demonstrated a normal postpneumonectomy appearance. In the other 12, CT confirmed the clinical impression of recurrent neoplasm (10 prospectively, two retrospectively), which appeared either as enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes or as a soft-tissue mass projecting into the normal near-water-density postpneumonectomy space. In only five of these patients were plain chest radiographs suggestive of recurrence (two prospectively, three retrospectively). The accurate assessment of the presence and extent of recurrent neoplasm by CT was important in planning radiotherapy in eight patients. PMID- 6607632 TI - Carotid pseudoaneurysm simulating Pancoast tumor. PMID- 6607633 TI - The cricopharyngeal muscle: a videorecording review. AB - In a review of 618 videorecordings of the pharynx and esophagus, 77 (10.8%) had cricopharyngeal abnormalities. This represents twice the reported frequency. This paper examines the cricopharyngeal abnormalities. The cricopharyngeal muscle was observed consistently malfunctioning in the same manner in 36 (47%) of the patients. It was observed most consistently (20%) as a prominent structure throughout the swallow (15 patients). It also was observed early in the swallow (13 patients), late in the swallow (six), and obstructing the pharyngoesophageal transition (two). It was observed rising and falling with the motion of the larynx during the swallow. Over half the time (53%), however, it was seen at different times during the swallow, altered its appearance from swallow to swallow, and was seen at different levels. The significance of the cricopharyngeal muscle to the patient's health remains to be determined. PMID- 6607634 TI - Radiographic features of esophageal involvement in chronic graft-vs.-host disease. AB - Chronic graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) is an important late complication of allogeneic bone-marrow transplantation. It resembles several naturally occurring autoimmune diseases and involves the skin, mouth, eyes, liver, and esophagus. The radiographic findings of 14 symptomatic patients with chronic GVHD involving the esophagus were reviewed and found to include webs, ringlike narrowings, and tapering strictures in the mid and upper esophagus. Esophagoscopy revealed characteristic desquamation in the 13 patients studied, but barium studies detected this lesion in only one patient. Knowledge of the site and characteristics of esophageal involvement with chronic GVHD assists the radiologic evaluation of this disorder. PMID- 6607635 TI - Radiology of the Angelchik prosthesis for gastroesophageal reflux. AB - The placement of a ring prosthesis around the esophagus above the gastric cardia for treatment of gastroesophageal reflux has been shown to give acceptable clinical results and is technically easier than procedures such as gastropexy and fundoplication. Radiologists should be familiar with this surgical technique because postoperative follow-up and complications are best evaluated by radiologic imaging. The normal and abnormal radiologic features of the Angelchik antireflux device are described. Of 38 patients who underwent surgical implantation of the Angelchik prosthesis, four required postoperative removal of the device because of its dislodgment. PMID- 6607636 TI - Gastrointestinal complications of leukemia and its treatment. PMID- 6607637 TI - Lateral distant view for improved accuracy in locating rectal tumors. AB - The lateral distant view of the rectum is proposed for more precise identification of sites of rectal tumors for preoperative planning and to increase the number of sphincter-saving operations. In a prospective study of 39 patients with rectal tumors, radiologic and rectoscopic measurements of tumor levels were compared with each other and with the actual tumor site. Radiologic measurement on the lateral distant view showed that tumors usually are located much higher (2-11 cm) than is suggested by rectoscopic evaluation. Unlike rectoscopy, the lateral distant view also can be used for measuring the length of the anal canal. This measurement is important for evaluating the distance between the tumor and the inner end of the anal canal and reflects the width of a possibly tumor-free margin. Sphincter-saving operations could be predicted much better by the lateral distant view than by rectoscopy. PMID- 6607638 TI - Comparison of CT and angiography in assessing resectability of pancreatic carcinoma. AB - A retrospective study of 27 patients with pancreatic carcinoma compared computed tomography (CT) and angiography in their ability to predict resectability of the neoplasm, using encasement of the splanchnic vessels as the criterion for nonresectability. Five patients had resectable tumor at surgery; the other 22 had unresectable disease. Tumor involvement of the splanchnic vessels was determined in 18 patients by CT examination and in 19 patients by angiography. Several other patients were found to have liver metastases, resulting in a radiologic diagnosis of nonresectability in 20 patients overall. All patients considered to have unresectable disease on the basis of either radiologic method proved to have unresectable tumor at surgery. CT is about as accurate as angiography in assessing resectability of pancreatic carcinoma. PMID- 6607639 TI - Low sensitivity of sonography and cholescintigraphy in acalculous cholecystitis. AB - Acalculous cholecystitis is difficult to diagnose by clinical means or contrast radiography. Because sonography and cholescintigraphy have both been shown to do well in the diagnosis of calculous cholecystitis, the sensitivity of these newer imaging methods was assessed retrospectively in 33 proven cases of acalculous cholecystitis. The sensitivities to acalculous cholecystitis for sonography (67%) and for cholescintigraphy (68%) were not as high as has been reported for these tests in calculous cholecystitis. Reasons for the lower sensitivity with each test and the pathogenesis of acalculous cholecystitis are discussed. PMID- 6607640 TI - CT of the papillary process of the caudate lobe of the liver. PMID- 6607641 TI - CT and angiography of peliosis hepatis. PMID- 6607642 TI - Herniation and strangulation of the gallbladder through the foramen of Winslow. PMID- 6607643 TI - Use of the Portner-Koolpe biliary biopsy catheter to facilitate double-guide-wire placement. PMID- 6607644 TI - Computed tomographic analysis of urinary calculi. AB - Excised urinary calculi were subjected to computed tomographic (CT) scanning in an attempt to determine whether CT attenuation values would allow accurate analysis of stone composition. The mean, maximum, and modal pixel densities of the calculi were recorded and compared; the resulting values reflected considerable heterogeneity in stone density. Although uric acid and cystine calculi could be identified by their discrete ranges on one or more of these criteria, calcium-containing stones of various compositions, including struvite, could not be distinguished reliably. CT analysis of stone density is not likely to be more accurate than standard radiography in characterizing stone composition in vivo. PMID- 6607645 TI - Computed tomographic analysis of renal calculi. AB - An in vitro study sought to determine the feasibility of using computed tomography (CT) to analyze the chemical composition of renal calculi and thus aid in selecting the best treatment method. Sixty-three coded calculi were scanned in a water bath. Region-of-interest measurements provided the mean, standard deviation, and minimum and maximum pixel values for each stone. These parameters were correlated with aspects of the stones' chemical composition. A multivariate analysis showed that the mean and standard deviation of the stones' pixel values were the best CT parameters for differentiating types of renal calculi. By using computerized mapping techniques, uric acid calculi could be perfectly differentiated from struvite and calcium oxalate calculi. The latter two types also were differentiable, but to a lesser extent. CT has a potential role as an adjunct to clinical and laboratory methods for determining the chemical composition of renal calculi in an effort to select optimal treatment. PMID- 6607646 TI - Sonography of acute renal cortical necrosis. PMID- 6607647 TI - Iatrogenic femoral arteriovenous fistulae: evaluation by digital vascular imaging. AB - Intravenous digital vascular imaging was used to evaluate eight patients with suspected iatrogenic femoral arteriovenous fistulae. These followed either cardiac catheterization (seven) or pulmonary angiography (one). All cardiac catheterization patients had undergone simultaneous ipsilateral femoral artery and vein puncture, possibly contributing to the high incidence of arteriovenous fistulae in this group. Digital imaging studies in two patients were normal, confirmed by clinical follow-up without surgery. In six patients, digital vascular imaging correctly predicted the presence and relative size of the fistulae, as confirmed at surgery. Although the exact site could not be specified, it was correctly identified to within 4 cm. None of these patients required arteriography for further study of the lesion before surgical repair. PMID- 6607648 TI - Contrast extravasation from a Gore-Tex graft: a complication of thrombolytic therapy. PMID- 6607649 TI - CT of benign soft-tissue masses of the extremities. AB - The computed tomographic (CT) scans and medical records of 35 patients with proven benign soft-tissue masses of the extremities were reviewed to assess the contribution of CT in the evaluation of such masses. CT demonstrated the mass in all 35 cases and was able to provide a specific diagnosis in 28 (80%); 25 prospectively, three retrospectively. Correct diagnoses made using CT included hematomas (five), synovial cysts (seven), myositis ossificans (six), fatty tumors (four), aneurysms (three), pseudoaneurysms (two), schwannoma (one), and abscess (one). The CT appearance of a hematoma depends on its age. Synovial cysts are near-water-density masses, often associated with a small joint effusion. Myositis ossificans can be differentiated from parosteal osteosarcoma by virtue of its characteristic zonal ossification. Lipomas are recognized on noncontrast scans by the characteristic low attenuation of fat, while aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms are best diagnosed on postcontrast scans. In seven cases (20%) a specific diagnosis could not be made on the basis of the CT scan. However, in these cases CT delineated the extent of the mass and demonstrated its relation to surrounding structures; this anatomic information was helpful in planning surgical excision or percutaneous biopsy. The authors conclude that CT is a valuable noninvasive imaging method for the evaluation of soft-tissue masses of the extremities. PMID- 6607650 TI - Parasymphyseal insufficiency fractures of the os pubis. AB - Twelve parasymphyseal insufficiency fractures of the os pubis are described in eight osteopenic postmenopausal women, three of whom had rheumatoid arthritis. The fractures involved both right and left pubic bones in three women. Radiographically lesions often appear deceptively destructive and malignant. In six patients, biopsy was performed and showed no tumor. Biopsy can be avoided in an osteopenic woman with recent increased activity, pubic pain, and the characteristic pubic lesion. PMID- 6607651 TI - CT of lumbar spine disk herniation: correlation with surgical findings. AB - Computed tomography (CT) of the lumbar spine was performed with selectively positioned 5-mm-thick axial cross sections to examine each disk level from the top of the neural foramen to the pedicle of the next caudad vertebra. One hundred consecutive patients with 116 surgical disk explorations were reviewed. There was agreement between the CT and surgical findings in 89 patients (104 explorations) in determination of presence or absence of a herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP). Discrepancy occurred in 12 instances (11 patients): two because of incorrect interpretations, five in previously operated patients, three in spondylolisthesis, and two in spinal stenosis. There were 97 true-positives, eight false-negatives, seven true-negatives, and four false-positives. If nine previously operated patients are excluded from the study, then CT was accurate in detection of presence or absence of an HNP in 93% of the disk explorations. PMID- 6607652 TI - Intraoperative spinal sonography: adjunct to metrizamide CT in the assessment and surgical decompression of posttraumatic spinal cord cysts. AB - Ten patients with prior spinal cord trauma were examined preoperatively by metrizamide computed tomography (CT) and were studied subsequently by intraoperative spinal sonography. On comparing intraoperative sonography with metrizamide CT, it was found that metrizamide CT tends to overestimate the size and number of posttraumatic cysts, that areas of myelomalacia on metrizamide CT correspond to areas of abnormal echogenicity on intraoperative sonography, and that intracyst septations are seen only on intraoperative sonography. By monitoring the position of the shunting catheter during surgery, intraoperative sonography can assure its proper intramedullary placement and demonstrate the successful decompression of the cyst. If no cyst is found with intraoperative sonography, further surgery is obviated. Intraoperative sonography is recommended for all cases where decompression of cord cysts is planned. PMID- 6607653 TI - Patient exposure requirements for high contrast resolution in digital radiographic systems. AB - The contrast resolution of modern digital radiographic equipment is primarily limited by quantum mottle. The derivation of the contrast resolution of a system as a function of radiation exposure is presented. Calculations based on this derivation show that achieving 0.8% contrast resolution (128 meaningful gray levels) with 1-mm spatial resolution may require a patient exposure of 1.7 rad (1.7 cGy) per image of a thick body part (20 cm tissue). Acceptable clinical studies often can be obtained with only 5% contrast resolution (20 meaningful shades of gray), but even this level of contrast may require a patient exposure of nearly 90 mrad (0.9 mGy) per image. A comparison of three commonly used methods of reducing patient radiation exposure (pulsed imaging, temporal averaging, and recursive filtering) shows that, in theory, a pulsed system achieves the highest contrast resolution for the same total exposure. PMID- 6607654 TI - Comparative image quality of 105 mm and conventional spot films. AB - The image qualities of 105 mm film (Cronex MRF-21) and a conventional screen-film (Hi-Plus/Cronex 4) were compared for gastrointestinal studies, a high-contrast resolution procedure, using a General Electric MPX 100/Fluoricon 300 x-ray system. The high contrast resolution was determined at a location approximating the midplane of an average-sized patient (20 cm). Films were made for each image intensifier mode (9, 6, and 4.5 inch [22.9, 15.2, and 11.4 cm]) and compared with the conventional screen-film for contrast transfer (modulation-transfer function) and maximum cutoff frequency. The effects of unsharpness caused by patient motion were included in the analysis. The patient entrance exposure was measured for each technique. In the absence of patient motion, the cutoff frequencies for the spot films in the 9, 6, and 4.5 inch (22.9, 15.2, and 11.4 cm) modes were 2.1, 2.3, and 2.4 line pairs/mm, respectively. The cutoff frequency for the conventional spot-film was 2.0 line pairs/mm. The modulation-transfer functions for the 105 mm films in the 9, 6, and 4.5 inch (22.9, 15.2, and 11.4 cm) modes were found to be equal to or superior to those of the conventional screen-film for all degrees of patient motion. The 6 inch (15.2 cm), 105 mm films were found to have the best overall performance. These results were achieved with a reduction in radiation dose of 55%. PMID- 6607655 TI - Characteristics of gadolinium-DTPA complex: a potential NMR contrast agent. AB - Chelation of the rare-earth element gadolinium (Gd) with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) results in a strongly paramagnetic, stable complex that is well tolerated in animals. The strongly paramagnetic gadolinium complex reduces hydrogen-proton relaxation times even in low concentrations (less than 0.01 mmol/L). The pharmacokinetic behavior of intravenously delivered Gd-DTPA is similar to the well known iodinated contrast agents used in urography and angiography; excretion is predominantly through the kidneys with greater than 90% recovery in 24 hr. The intravenous LD50 of the meglumine salt of Gd-DTPA is 10 mmol/kg for the rat; in vivo there is no evidence of dissociation of the gadolinium ion from the DTPA ligand. The combination of strong proton relaxation, in-vivo stability, rapid urinary excretion, and high tolerance favors the further development and the potential clinical application of gadolinium-DTPA as a contrast enhancer in magnetic resonance imaging. PMID- 6607656 TI - Contrast-enhanced NMR imaging: animal studies using gadolinium-DTPA complex. AB - Gadolinium (Gd)-DTPA complex was assessed as a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) contrast-enhancing agent by experimentally imaging normal and diseased animals. After intravenous injection, Gd-DTPA, a strongly paramagnetic complex by virtue of unpaired electrons, was rapidly excreted into the urine of rats, producing an easily observable contrast enhancement on NMR images in kidney parenchyma and urine. Spin-echo intensity of urine within the renal pelvis increased from 2263 to 4414 units; intensity of renal parenchyma increased from 2901 to 3893 after administration of 0.1 mmol/kg Gd-DTPA. Sterile soft-tissue abscesses demonstrated an obvious rim pattern of enhancement. A focus of radiation-induced brain damage in a canine model was only faintly detectable on spin-echo NMR images before contrast administration; after 0.5 mmol/kg Gd-DTPA administration, the lesion intensity increased from 3867 to 5590. In comparison, the normal brain with an intact blood-brain barrier remained unchanged in NMR characterization. Gd-DTPA is a promising new NMR contrast enhancer for the clinical assessment of renal function, of inflammatory lesions, and of focal disruption of the blood-brain barrier. PMID- 6607657 TI - The mammography report. PMID- 6607658 TI - Orientation of NMR images. PMID- 6607659 TI - Orientation of NMR images: ACR Subcommittee's reasoning. PMID- 6607660 TI - Radiologic reports: structure and review. PMID- 6607661 TI - Z-shaped duodenojejunal loop without mesenteric fixation anomaly or congenital bands. PMID- 6607662 TI - "Hot spot" in liver may represent collateral blood flow. PMID- 6607663 TI - Discussing coronary artery surgery with the patient. AB - Family physicians should be able to educate and advise their patients about coronary artery bypass surgery. In suitable candidates, coronary artery bypass surgery is indicated for relief of refractory symptoms and improvement of survival. The ultimate decision about surgery must be made by the patient. Information is often sought concerning the use of a saphenous vein, the pump oxygenator, the sternal splitting incision and the postoperative period. PMID- 6607664 TI - Preservation of interventricular septal function in patients having coronary artery bypass grafts without cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Abnormal interventricular septal motion develops in the majority of patients after cardiac surgery and has been attributed to a variety of causes. This study assesses the role of cardiopulmonary (CP) bypass in the genesis of abnormal septal motion. Twenty-two patients having single coronary artery bypass grafts had septal motion and ejection fraction evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively. The results for 11 patients who had coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with CP were compared to those for 11 patients who had grafting without CP bypass. Postoperatively, all 11 patients having bypass grafting with CP bypass had diminution in septal function while 10 of 11 patients having bypass grafting performed without CP bypass had no change or improvement in septal motion (p less than 0.0005). Changes in ejection fraction were not statistically significantly different. This study suggests that abnormal septal motion in patients having CABG is related to CP bypass and/or myocardial preservation techniques. PMID- 6607665 TI - Intracoronary thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction late after bypass surgery: value of lead V4R. PMID- 6607666 TI - True histiocytic lymphoma: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of two cases. AB - Immunologic studies demonstrate that non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are derived predominantly from B- or T-lymphoid cells, while node-based tumors of true histiocytic derivation are rare, with few documented cases. This report describes the clinical, histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features of two cases of node-based true histiocytic lymphoma. Distinctive ultrastructural features included numerous cytoplasmic lysosomes, surface microvillous processes, and occasional cell junctions, and the cells stained strongly for alpha-napthyl acetate esterase and alpha one-antitrypsin. Since there are few specific histologic features, special technics may be essential in confirming the diagnosis of true histiocytic lymphoma, and determining appropriate therapy. PMID- 6607667 TI - Diagnosis of cryptococcal endophthalmitis. PMID- 6607668 TI - Prevalence of T-lymphocyte abnormalities in infants with congenital heart disease. AB - Thirty-two infants younger than 6 months with catheterization-proved congenital heart disease were prospectively examined for T-lymphocyte immunodeficiency (compared with adult and normal newborn controls). Cardiac lesions were separated into two groups: (1) "high-risk" lesions previously associated with T-cell abnormalities in DiGeorge's syndrome, and (2) the remaining "low-risk" lesions. Cardiac patients as a whole did not have significant abnormalities in T-cell rosette (TCR) percentages (mean +/- SE, 50.0% +/- 22%) or response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) (72,243 +/- 38,388 counts per minute). However, a greater percentage of patients with high-risk cardiac lesions had abnormal TCR and PHA results than either the control or low-risk group, due to the inclusion of three infants with DiGeorge's syndrome. These findings suggest that newborn infants without evidence of DiGeorge's syndrome have normal T-lymphocyte function. Infants with high-risk cardiac lesions deserve a careful immunologic evaluation to avoid significant morbidity and mortality. PMID- 6607669 TI - Analysis of T-cell subsets in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a correlation with the stage of disease. AB - T-cell subsets were determined by the Leu monoclonal antibodies in the peripheral blood and/or bone marrow of 52 patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) not on therapy at the time of study. The diagnosis of B-CLL required that the leukemic cells expressed surface receptors for "la-like" antigen, Fc fragment of IgG, mouse red blood cells (MRBC), C3-coated red cells (EAC), and low density of monoclonal surface immunoglobulin. The Leu-3a+/2a+ ratio was applied to define the balance between the helper/suppressor subsets in the residual T-lymphocytes. Most patients showed a decrease in the Leu-3a+/2a+ ratios at all stages of disease. The decrease in ratio was mainly related to a decrease in the Leu-3a+ T cell subset. The more advanced stages of B-CLL were associated with lower Leu 3a+/2a+ ratio, higher total white cell and percent lymphocyte counts. There was no correlation between the proportion of EAC or MRBC rosetting cells and stages of B-CLL. This analysis further suggests that B-CLL is an immunosuppressed state that becomes more pronounced in the advanced stages and is characterized by a progressive decrease in the Leu-3a+ (helper) T-cell subset. PMID- 6607670 TI - T cells and erythroid burst forming units in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Substantial evidence exists indicating T cell abnormalities in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). There is also evidence that the T cell is an important source of burst promoting activity (BPA) for the peripheral blood (PB) erythroid burst forming unit (BFU-e). We studied the BPA of T cells and response of BFU-e in normals and untreated early stage B cell CLL patients in a methylcellulose colony assay. Normal null cell cultures grew significantly more BFU-e than CLL null cell cultures. Addition of autologous T cells to normal or CLL null cells significantly increased BFU-e only in normals. Allogeneic coculture of T cells from CLL patients with null cells from normals yielded normal responses of BFU-e in five of six cases. In contrast, allogeneic coculture of normal T cells with CLL null cells yielded a normal response in only one of six studies. Furthermore, adding increasing quantities of autologous or normal allogeneic T cells to CLL null cells did not augment the BFU-e response. Accounting for the expanded lymphocyte pool in CLL, BFU-e are decreased in concentration but the absolute number is normal or increased. The decrease in concentration could be secondary to expansion of the null cell fraction in CLL by pre-B cells. CLL T cells appeared to augment normal allogeneic PB BFU-e in a normal fashion, whereas, in several cases, CLL BFU-e were hyporesponsive to autologous or normal allogeneic T cells. It is therefore apparent that in untreated early stage B cell CLL, erythroid progenitor cells are present in the peripheral blood but are diluted in an expanded null cell compartment and may, in some cases, be hyporesponsive to T cell BPA. T cell BPA of CLL T cells in this early stage of disease is preserved. PMID- 6607671 TI - Detection of genetic heterogeneity among pedigrees through complex segregation analysis: an application to hypercholesterolemia. AB - Several methods for investigating genetic heterogeneity for extreme levels of a quantitative trait with hypothesized multiple genetic etiologies require a priori stratification of families and/or identification of distinct phenotypes among affected individuals. We present a statistical approach for detecting genetic heterogeneity that does not rely on either a priori stratification or discrete disease phenotypes. Complex segregation analysis was applied to total serum cholesterol measurements in 709 relatives of 98 healthy index cases selected from 3,666 school children surveyed for lipid levels in Rochester, Minnesota. Thirty three of the index cases and 109 relatives had hypercholesterolemia (cholesterol levels greater than the 95th percentile for their age and sex). Through application of the mixed genetic model and then estimation of conditional probabilities for having the mutant allele at the major locus, genetic heterogeneity for hypercholesterolemia was indicated. In three of 70 pedigrees with one or more hypercholesterolemics, there is strong evidence for segregation at a major locus. In the remaining pedigrees, only polygene variation and/or environmental variation are associated with cholesterol variability. Grandparents in the three pedigrees that were segregating at the major locus had the highest rates of death due to coronary heart disease. This study establishes that the mixed model has the potential to identify pedigrees with different genetic etiologies for variability in quantitative traits. PMID- 6607673 TI - Failure of erythromycin in treatment of Legionella micdadei pneumonia. AB - A 59-year-old immunocompromised woman had nosocomial Legionella micdadei infection that failed to respond to two weeks of erythromycin in high intravenous doses and oral rifampin. Treatment with intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and oral rifampin, which previously has not been used in this infection, resulted in cure. PMID- 6607674 TI - Left main coronary artery disease in a 19-year-old woman. Treatment by saphenous vein grafting. AB - Syncope, palpitations, ventricular tachycardia, and electrocardiographic changes of acute myocardial ischemia in a 19-year-old woman resulted from significant narrowing of the left main coronary artery and its ostium, producing high-grade obstruction to flow as documented by selective coronary arteriography. Because of these findings and markedly positive results of cardiovascular stress testing, surgical treatment by aortocoronary artery saphenous vein bypass grafting to the left anterior descending artery was carried out. Four years postoperatively, the patient was asymptomatic, and there are no abnormal findings on cardiovascular stress testing. PMID- 6607672 TI - Human C4 haplotypes with duplicated C4A or C4B. AB - In the course of study of families for the sixth chromosome markers HLA-A, C, B, D/DR, BF, and C2, the two loci for C4, C4A, and C4B, and glyoxalase I, we encountered five examples of probable duplication of one or the other of the two loci for C4. In one of these, both parents and one sib expressed two different structural genes for C4B, one sib expressed one, and one sib expressed none, suggesting that two C4B alleles were carried on a single haplotype: HLA-A2, B7, DR3, BFS1, C2C, C4A2, C4B1, C4B2, GLO1. In a second case, two siblings inherited C4B*1 and C4B*2 from one parent and C4B*Q0 from the other. This duplication appeared on the chromosome as HLA-AW33, B14, DR1, BFS, C2C, C4A2, C4B1, C4B2, GLO2. In a third, very large family with 3 generations, a duplication of the C4B locus occurred which was followed in 2 generations. In one individual, there were three C4B alleles and two C4A alleles. One of the C4B alleles had a hemolytically active product with electrophoretic mobility near C4B2 and was designated C4B*22. It segregated with C4B1 in the family studied. The complete haplotype was HLA A11, CW1, BW56, DR5, BFS, C2C, C4A3, C4B22, C4B1, GLO2. In another family with 12 siblings, one parent and eight children expressed two C4A alleles on the haplotype HLA-AW30, BW38, DR1, BFF, C2C, C4A3, C4A2, C4BQ0, GLO1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6607675 TI - Hypercalcemia in coccidioidomycosis. AB - Two patients with disseminated coccidioidomycosis and hypercalcemia are presented. One patient studied showed normal levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with depressed levels of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. The serum calcitonin level was appropriate for the level of serum calcium, and the serum parathyroid hormone level was suppressed with elevation of the nephrogenous cAMP level. Intestinal absorption of calcium was elevated at 63 percent. Hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria persisted despite a 300 mg calcium diet. An osteotropic substance similar to the humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy is postulated. PMID- 6607676 TI - Failure of medical treatment in two cases of of intraocular cysticercosis. PMID- 6607677 TI - Effects of irradiation on the interaction of fluorescent probes with lymphocytes. AB - Low doses of radiation reduce the rate and magnitude of fluorescent probe interaction with spleen cells. The uptake of 8-anilino-naphthalene sulfonic acid (ANS), but not diphenyl-hexatriene (DPH), is reduced in a dose-dependent fashion in cells that receive 25-100 rads. The effects of irradiation are most evident in a "medium" fluorescent subpopulation with no effect observed for a "dim" subpopulation. Splenic lymphocytes enriched for T cells show lower uptake of ANS, compared with a B-cell-enriched population. In addition, the normal decrease in ANS fluorescence polarization that occurs during the initial 10 minutes of probe interaction is attenuated in irradiated cells. These findings are consistent with the notion that low doses of radiation limit the penetration of ANS, but not DPH, into a less restrictive microenvironment within the plasma membranes of T, but not B, cells. PMID- 6607678 TI - Animal model of human disease. Proliferative glomerulonephritis associated with polyclonal B-cell activation. PMID- 6607679 TI - A population genetic study of the Banks and Torres Islands (Vanuatu) and of the Santa Cruz Islands and Polynesian Outliers (Solomon Islands). AB - As part of a multidisciplinary survey of populations in the Banks and Torres Islands of Vanuatu and the Southern and Central Districts of the Solomon Islands, nearly 2,400 persons have been tested for ABO blood groups and a number of serum protein and red cell enzyme genetic marker systems. For the ABO system, the populations are characterized in general by high gene O and low gene B frequencies except in two of the Polynesian Outlier Islands, Rennell and Bellona, which have high frequencies of B. Among the serum proteins, several alleles have distributions indicating significant movement of people between islands. These include Albumin New Guinea and the transferrin alleles TfD1, and TfBLae, and TfB2. Similar specific alleles for red cell enzymes also show distributions reflecting interisland population movement as well as contact with persons from outside the southern Pacific region. Examples are ACPR1 in the acid phosphatase system, PGM31 and PGM71, PGM92, and PGM102, PGK4 and also HbJTongariki. The data available for 11 polymorphic systems were used to generate genetic distances. Of the four Polynesian Outlier Islands, Anuta is most remote genetically, with Rennell and Bellona also relatively isolated. The fourth Polynesian Outlier, Tikopia, occupies a position genetically close to the Melanesian populations of the Banks and Torres Islands and the southern Solomons. The history of early European contact and voyaging in the Pacific, as well as archaeological and linguistic evidence and local legends, indicate that significant movements of people occurred between islands and provided opportunities for genes to be introduced from Europeans, Africans, and Asians. The genetic marker studies give evidence for genes from all these sources, though at a low level. Despite this admixture, the Polynesian Outlier and Melanesian populations have preserved their own distinctive genetic patterns. PMID- 6607680 TI - Effects of hypertonic solutions on contraction of frog tonic muscle fibers. AB - The influence of solution hypertonicity on contraction was studied in small bundles of tonic muscle fibers from the iliofibularis muscle of the frog Rana pipiens. Muscles were activated with high-K+ solutions that had osmolalities which were increased with tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethanepropionate. Peak potassium contracture force decreased monotonically with tonicity and was zero in solutions with 2.5 or 3 times the osmolality of control Ringer. Contracture force at all tonicities studied (less than or equal to 3 X Ringer) was increased by increasing Ca2+ in the media 10-fold (to 20 mM) and/or by adding caffeine (10-20 mM). Nevertheless, this potentiated force also was diminished as tonicity increased. Force of single, mechanically skinned tonic fibers taken from these bundles was activated by Ca2+ over the same concentration range as that of twitch fibers. Moreover, maximal Ca2+-activated force, normalized per cross-sectional area, was similar in skinned tonic and twitch fibers. As was shown previously in twitch fibers, maximal Ca2+-activated force was decreased when ionic strength was increased. These data suggest that, as with twitch fibers, increased tonicity depresses contraction of tonic fibers by increasing the intracellular ionic strength, which in turn inhibits the ability of the contractile apparatus to generate force. Unlike twitch fibers, however, disruption of the excitation contraction coupling process probably plays a more significant role in the action of hypertonicity on tonic fibers. PMID- 6607681 TI - Ionic currents in vertebrate myelinated nerve at hyperbaric pressure. AB - To establish a base line for a study of anesthetic-pressure antagonism in axons, voltage-clamped nodes of Ranvier from amphibian sciatic nerve were subjected to pressures of 1-100 atm. Over the time of compression, there was usually an irreversible decrease in peak inward sodium current, but there was no change in peak outward sodium current or in the current-voltage relationship. The steady state inactivation-voltage curve was shifted 5-15 mV in the depolarizing direction at 70-100 atm. The rate of rise of the sodium current was slowed, as was the time constant of inactivation (tau h). Increase in tau h was markedly voltage dependent, suggesting a selective effect of pressure on beta h, the rate constant governing development of the inactive state. The rate of development of steady-state outward potassium current was also decreased, without significant change in maximum current. The effects of pressure are qualitatively similar to, but different in detail from, those reported in squid axon and different in some details from the effects of cooling in this preparation. None of the effects can presently be related to the high-pressure nervous syndrome. PMID- 6607682 TI - Further studies on sudden potential drop in gastric mucosa. AB - The sudden potential drop (SPD) with its associated resistance drop, previously noted during anoxia when serosal pH was slightly decreased, can also be produced by substrate deprivation and reversed by addition of substrate. During a critical portion of the response, alternate stable high and low potential difference states can be selected by current pulsing. High Ca2+ in the serosal solution prevents the SPD response, and any condition preventing an SPD response will reverse the post-SPD potential. Although pH 1 mucosal solutions do not damage the tissue, an SPD under these conditions results in permanent loss of secretory activity, apparently due to increased H+ permeability in the post-SPD state. Cl-, Rb+, and urea fluxes are unchanged by the SPD. Since gastric anoxia and mild serosal acidosis might be expected during strong sympathetic stimulation, it is notable that an SPD can be produced in vivo by anoxia or vasoconstrictive drugs under conditions apparently in agreement with the in vitro requirements. This might provide a model system for studies of stress ulcer production. An equivalent circuit model for the SPD is presented, which agrees satisfactorily with the observations. PMID- 6607683 TI - Gastrointestinal absorption of epidermal growth factor in suckling rats. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) was detected in the milk of adult lactating Sprague Dawley female rats (38.85 ng/ml) and in the stomach (37.25 ng/g content) and plasma (32.36 ng/ml) of 13-day-old suckling offspring. Sixty-nanogram (0.12 mCi/ml) doses of 125I-EGF were administered orally to sucklings in 200 microliters of buffer for 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 h. Lung, liver kidney, brain, and blood each contained 1% or less of the administered radioactivity. Stomach wall (8%) and content (63%), intestinal wall (15%) and flushing (38%), and skin (18%) contained larger amounts reaching maxima in these three regions at 0, 0.5, and 3.0 h, respectively. Except for skin, a substantial amount of radioactivity from all tissues represented intact (6-90%) and immunoreactive (3-90%) EGF based on Sephadex G-25 chromatography and anti-EGF antibody binding, respectively. From 30 to 55% of the radioactivity from wall (gastric or small intestinal) or lumina was also capable of binding to A-431 cell surface receptors. Isoelectric points of major species found in stomach (4.2), intestine (4.1), and other tissues differed from that of administered EGF (4.5). PMID- 6607684 TI - Backdiffusion of H+ in isolated frog gastric mucosa. AB - Backdiffusion of H+ was studied in isolated bullfrog gastric mucosa using direct titration to evaluate changes in luminal H+ level. In resting mucosae, the resulting permeability coefficient for H+ (uncorrected for electrical effects) was 0.4 X 10(-5) cm X S-1, which is of the same order of magnitude as that estimated from data in the literature for dog and rabbit gastric mucosa in vivo. With maximal stimulation of acid secretion, backdiffusion of H+ was considerably increased. In both resting and stimulated mucosae, an increase in Cl- flux from lumen to serosa was observed to accompany H+ backdiffusion. In experiments in which electrical activity of resting mucosae was monitored, instilled H+ lowered gastric potential difference but had little effect on the normal resistance. Sudden drops in resistance and potential were observed, independent of luminal acid; after such events instilled H+ had no effect on mucosal resistance. It appears that a substantial part of H+ backdiffusion occurs as the ion pair HCl. PMID- 6607685 TI - [Several indicators of the state of the immune system in pregnant women with pyelonephritis]. PMID- 6607686 TI - [Immune status and uterine involution in the puerperium]. PMID- 6607687 TI - [Combined use of electrostimulation and oxytocin in preventing hemorrhage during placental stage and early postpartum period]. PMID- 6607688 TI - A three-layer immunoradiometric assay for determination of IgG subclass antibodies in human sera ("IgG subclass RAST"). Validation of the subclass specificity, and establishment of equipotency. AB - We report the development of a three-layer immunoradiometric assay (TIRA) for measurement of IgG antibodies of all four subclasses in human sera. The first layer consists of diluted human serum, the second layer is monoclonal mouse antibodies to human IgG subclasses, and the third layer is 125I-labelled rabbit anti-mouse IgG. Monoclonal anti-IgG1, anti-IgG3 and anti-IgG4 reacted only with their complementary IgG subclass, whereas the anti-IgG2 showed slight cross reactivity to immunoglobins of other subclasses and classes and to light chain proteins. The observed cross-reactivity was found to be without importance, when the TIRA was applied to measurement of IgG subclass antibodies. Equipotency was established by use of appropriate dilutions of the monoclonal antibodies, and the assay was calibrated by use of human reference serum. The TIRA therefore permits reliable inter-individual and intra-individual comparisons of the IgG antibody response in all four subclasses. Non-specific binding obtained with pooled normal human serum was below 0.33%. Inter-assay coefficient of variation was between 18 and 27%. The TIRA was applied to measurement of IgG subclass antibodies to timothy grass pollen in sera from grass pollen allergics undergoing immunotherapy. PMID- 6607689 TI - Interactions of lidocaine and calcium in blocking the compound action potential of frog sciatic nerve. AB - The exact role of calcium in nerve conduction in neurons that have been blocked by local anesthetics remains controversial. Recently, attention has been drawn to the importance of examining both frequency-dependent and nonfrequency-dependent conduction block, since it is felt that frequency-dependent block provides a model that more closely approximates the normal physiologic state. The present study was designed to examine the effects of calcium on both the nonfrequency dependent and frequency-dependent components of lidocaine nerve block. Desheathed, whole sciatic nerves from frogs were placed in a sucrose gap chamber and stimulated by trains of 20 impulses at frequencies from 3 to 90 Hz at supramaximal intensity for activation of the compound action potential. After control studies, the nerve was bathed by a frog Ringer's solution containing calcium concentrations, which increased from 0.0 mM to the physiologic value of 2.0 mM with or without 0.5 mM lidocaine. Compound action potentials were measured, and both frequency-dependent block and nonfrequency-dependent block were compared in each solution. Low calcium concentrations significantly enhanced both nonfrequency- and frequency-dependent lidocaine block. The effect of low concentrations of calcium was greater at higher frequencies of stimulation. PMID- 6607690 TI - Tetanus. PMID- 6607691 TI - Ceruloplasmin. Increased serum concentration and impaired antioxidant activity in cigarette smokers, and ability to prevent suppression of elastase inhibitory capacity of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor. AB - Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of smokers and nonsmokers contains significant concentrations of ceruloplasmin, the major serum inhibitor of lipid peroxidation, with limited superoxide dismutase activity. This suggested that ceruloplasmin may protect the lower respiratory tract against oxidant(s) in cigarette smoke and air pollutants. We investigated (1) serum ceruloplasmin concentration and antioxidant activity (percentage inhibition of autoxidation of ox-brain homogenate) in healthy male and female smokers and nonsmokers, and (2) the capacity of ceruloplasmin to prevent suppression of the elastase inhibitory capacity of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor by the oxidant chloramine T and by cigarette smoke solution. Mean ceruloplasmin concentration was 18% higher in 35 female smokers than in 46 male smokers (p less than 0.001), 17% higher in 22 female nonsmokers than in 18 male nonsmokers (p less than 0.005), 15% higher in the female smokers than in the female nonsmokers (0.02 greater than p greater than 0.01), and 14% higher in the male smokers than in the male nonsmokers (p less than 0.001). Serum antioxidant activity showed significant linear correlations with serum ceruloplasmin in smokers and nonsmokers of both sexes; correlation coefficients, all significant, ranged from 0.65 to 0.50. For comparable ceruloplasmin concentrations, serum antioxidant activity was significantly lower in smokers (males: 9%, p less than 0.001; females: 7%, 0.05 greater than p greater than 0.01) than in nonsmokers. There was a linear relationship between ceruloplasmin concentration and its ability to prevent suppression of the elastase inhibitory capacity of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor by chloramine T and cigarette smoke solution. Our findings indicate: (1) that cigarette smoking can cause partial inactivation of serum antioxidant activity accompanied by insufficient compensatory increase in ceruloplasmin concentration, and (2) that ceruloplasmin may protect the lung against oxidant(s) in cigarette smoke and air pollutants. PMID- 6607692 TI - Importance of the lower respiratory tract in oxygen transfer. Exercise testing in patients with interstitial and destructive lung disease. AB - Evaluation of the gas exchange responses to steady state treadmill exercise of 176 patients with chronic disorders of the lower respiratory tract demonstrated that alveolar disease significantly affects O2 transfer with little effect on CO2 transfer. At exercise levels requiring oxygen delivery 2- to 3-fold above resting levels, patients with interstitial lung disease [idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), sarcoidosis, histiocytosis-X (HX)] and "pure" destructive lung disease [alpha l-antitrypsin (alpha IAT) deficiency] demonstrated no ventilation or cardiac limitation, but all exhibited marked reductions in O2 transfer. Strikingly, although resting values of PaO2 were normal or mildly reduced, the average estimated PaO2 at a VO2 of 1 L/min was 47 mmHg in IPF, 65 mmHg in sarcoid, 54 mmHg in HX, and 41 mmHg in alpha IAT deficiency. Comparison of resting and exercise parameters revealed that: (1) exercise studies can uncover alveolar dysfunction in the presence of normal resting parameters, and (2) resting parameters cannot predict the magnitude of O2 related abnormalities induced by exercise. These observations suggest that exercise testing is a useful clinical tool in detecting alveolar disease and gauging the magnitude of abnormalities of O2 transfer. PMID- 6607693 TI - Massive hemorrhage from rectal ulcers in chronic renal failure. PMID- 6607694 TI - Severe von Willebrand's disease: incidence and prevalence. PMID- 6607695 TI - [Pinkus' lymphoma. Review of the literature apropos of a case]. AB - We report one case of T cell type lymphoma with multilobated nuclei, a distinct variant described by G. Pinkus. The soft palate and subcutaneous tissues were the successive localisations. Despite an aggressive chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation, a fatal course happened in 18 months. This entity is different from cutaneous lymphomas, mantle zone lymphomas of Waldron, Japanese T lymphomas and from the cases described recently by Weisenburger. The link between these different anatomo-clinical and histological varieties is their belonging to the T cell line. PMID- 6607696 TI - Does preoperative treatment with cimetidine increase the risk of postoperative infection? AB - During a 5-year period, 145 patients were operated on for benign peptic ulcer disease. 105 patients did not receive cimetidine in the few weeks just before the operation, while 40 patients used it until the night before the operation. Although differing in size, the groups were comparable with regard to other relevant data. The cimetidine treated patients had more abdominal infectious complications postoperatively but this difference only reached statistical significance when patients who were operated upon for bleeding were excluded. Furthermore, patients on cimetidine suffered from significantly more pulmonary infections than those not having this preoperative drug regimen. These results indicate an unfavourable effect on the postoperative infectious morbidity of having a patient on cimetidine treatment in the weeks immediately preceding operation for peptic ulcer disease. PMID- 6607697 TI - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome. The first cases in Finland. AB - We report here on the first two patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Finland. The first patient, a 37-year-old man, had Kaposi's sarcoma and the other, a 26-year-old man, had pneumonia due to Pneumocystis carinii. Both patients were homosexuals and showed a marked defect in cell-mediated immunity consistent with the definition of AIDS. Both patients were found in a screening survey of homosexual men in Helsinki. PMID- 6607698 TI - Chromosome banding patterns of four species of bats, with special reference to a case of X-autosome translocation. AB - The karyotypes of 4 species of bats, Artibeus lituratus (Phyllostomatidae), Pipistrellus pipistrellus (Vespertilionidae), Pteropus alecto and P. giganteus (Pteropodidae), were studied after several banding techniques. For A. lituratus, in which an X-autosome translocation was observed, an analyse of the replication pattern in the rearranged chromosome was also made after BrdU incorporation. PMID- 6607699 TI - Cell cycle time and possible early DNA replication in C-band regions in the domestic pig (Sus scrofa) lymphocytes. AB - Dynamic cell replication studies on peripheric blood lymphocytes cultured from the domestic pig (Sus scrofa) were performed. Replication started after 18-24 hr in culture and the cell cycle time was about 8-10 hr. Chromosomes from cells at first division showed C-banded-like regions. This finding suggests the occurrence of early DNA replication zones within the constitutive heterochromatin of the pig chromosomes. PMID- 6607700 TI - [Cytogenetic analysis of the Bloom syndrome. A study of the exchange-break relationship]. AB - Cytogenetic study of a case of Bloom's syndrome (number 46 of the international registry) confirms the excess of exchanges in all cellular types with the exception of a minority of lymphocytes and of two lymphoblastoid cell lines. These exchanges are produced in an X or U fashion between sister chromatids or between homologous chromatids and produce both simple and complex figures for which symmetry is the common feature. Some of these structures are rearranged secondarily, producing centric or acentric fragments and marker chromosomes. Triradial configurations are considered to be the result of exchanges rather than of partial endoreduplication. Chromatid and chromosome breaks are interpreted to result from incomplete exchanges. It is suggested that the general propensity for exchanges is the primary event responsible directly or indirectly for the cytogenetic observations rather than a defect in one of the DNA-repair mechanisms. No increase in mitomycin C sensitivity appears in vitro. The excess of SCEs is partially correlated by contact in vitro with normal cells and to a lesser degree by the culture medium in which the cells were grown. PMID- 6607701 TI - [Polymorphism of NOR bands in a normal French population]. AB - The segregation of NORs-Ag positive and negative acrocentric chromosomes was studied with a combined staining technique (Ag-I/RHG), in a normal French population (Saint-Etienne, Loire, France). The observed frequencies of homozygous and heterozygous NOR-Ag individuals, either for each acrocentric pair or for all the pairs of acrocentric chromosomes are not statistically different from the ones expected according to Hardy-Weinberg's law. The genotypic frequencies of homozygous subjects (+/+) for each acrocentric pair are the following: 13: 0,900; 14: 0,895; 15: 0,880; 21: 0,900 and 22: 0,870. The average modal number of NOR-Ag positives for the sample is 8,58 +/- 0,81. The comparison between these results and other data from European Caucasian populations, was possible by using the same criteria of classification. The discriminative value of NOR banding polymorphisms is discussed. PMID- 6607702 TI - The bone marrow karyotype in seventeen cases of refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB). AB - The bone marrow karyotype was studied in 17 patients affected by refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB). A cytogenetic finding common to nearly all the cases is hypodiploidy, present in even quite high percentages. In 3 patients were identified the same interstitial deletion of the long arm of a chromosome 5, present in a percentage varying between 30% and 65%. The presence of this chromosomal anomaly appears to correspond to a slower development of the illness and transformation into acute leukemia seems rare or delayed. PMID- 6607703 TI - Diploid-triploid mosaicism: delineation of the syndrome. AB - Two unrelated infants with multiple anomalies and diploid-triploid mosaicism are reported. A comparison of their clinical features with those of twelve published reports with 2n/3n karyotype is provided. The data reveal that 2n/3n mosaicism is a clinically recognizable syndrome. PMID- 6607704 TI - "Pure" monosomy 21 pter leads to q21 in a girl born to a couple 46,XX,t(14;21)(p12;q22) and 46,XY,t(5;18)(q32;q22). AB - A two-year-old girl with a "pure" 21pter leads to q21 monosomy secondary to a 3:1 segregation of a maternal translocation t(14;21)(p12;q22) is described. The father's karyotype was 46,XY,t(5;18)(q32;q22). This observation permits to further delineate the 21q proximal monosomy syndrome and to comment the very rare finding of a couple in which both partners have different reciprocal translocations. PMID- 6607705 TI - Distal trisomy 14q due to tandem duplication (q24 leads to q32). AB - An elongated long arm of chromosome 14 was found in a male child. GTG-banding analysis indicated a tandem duplication (q24 leads to q32). The child showed several congenital anomalies in common with the ten cases of distal trisomy 14q, known at present. PMID- 6607706 TI - Isochromosome 21 and other chromosomal abnormalities in a patient with erythroleukaemia. AB - Cytogenetic analysis in a patient with erythroleukaemia revealed a hypodiploid cellular clone with several acquired karyotypic aberrations including an isochromosome for the long arm of chromosome 21 : 45,XY,-5,-7,-18,-19,-21, + 17, + i (21q)(qter leads to cen leads to qter), + mar1, + mar2. The markers probably include respectively the major part of chromosome 19 and most of the long arm of chromosome 7. These rearrangements and their potential significance are discussed. PMID- 6607707 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of a male fetal carrier of fragile X chromosome by the amniotic fluid cells]. AB - A prenatal diagnosis of fragile X fra(X)(q28) has been performed in a pregnant woman obligate carrier of fra(X) by analysis of amniotic fluid cells taken by amniocentesis. The fra(X) has been observed in 30% (8/26) of the metaphases of the male fetus. These results were obtained within 10 days after amniocentesis using the in situ technique on cells grown first in Ham Medium supplemented with newborn calf serum and a serum substitute and changed for the last 19 hours with Tc 199 medium with 5% newborn calf serum and methotrexate (10 mg/l). This technique showed that fra(X) is not a clonal phenomenon and that its expression is related to the cell types and the origin of the studied cells. PMID- 6607708 TI - XY/XXY mosaicism and fragile X syndrome. AB - Clinical and cytogenetic data of a XY/XXY mosaic Klinefelter patient with fragile X are presented. PMID- 6607709 TI - [Penicillinase from B. licheniformis. Determination of the ionization constants of the enzymatic hydrolysis products of beta-lactam antibiotics]. AB - The level of transformation of beta-lactam antibiotics hydrolysed by penicillinase from B. licheniformis on determination with the method of pH-metric titration with sodium hydrate solutions depended on the electrochemical nature of the products formed. The data on the study of the pH dependence of the penicillinase-catalysed hydrolysis of beta-lactam antibiotics were used for estimation of the ionization constants of the products of the enzymatic hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring in the molecules of azlocillin, carfecillin, benzylpenicillin, cephalothin and 7-PADCA. Methods for quantitative determination of the compounds were developed. The methods are based on penicillinase-catalysed enzymatic hydrolysis and pH-metric titration of the products with sodium hydrate solutions at pH 7.0 with regard to their dissociation levels. PMID- 6607710 TI - Antithrombin in vertebrate species: conservation of the heparin-dependent anticoagulant mechanism. AB - Heparin is thought to regulate the rate of mammalian blood clotting by enhancing the activity of antithrombin, an inhibitor of coagulation enzymes. The present study establishes that this same inhibitor is present in the blood plasma of each of the terrestrial vertebrate groups including mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. In each case, an inhibitor with remarkably similar properties to human antithrombin was isolated by affinity chromatography on immobilized porcine heparin. The purified vertebrate inhibitors all show the following physical and functional homologies to human antithrombin: (i) heparin-enhanced inhibition of both bovine thrombin and human Factor Xa, (ii) molecular masses of approximately 60,000, and (iii) heparin-induced increases in ultraviolet fluorescence. Also, the heparin-binding interaction of vertebrate antithrombins is highly selective with each demonstrating the same rigid specificity for heparin species fractionated on the basis of their affinity for human antithrombin. This common ability of vertebrate antithrombins to discriminate among heparins is accomplished by a nearly unvarying equilibrium binding constant for the high affinity heparin species. Thus, the present results suggest that the anticoagulant relationship of heparin and antithrombin was established at an early point in the evolution of the coagulation system and has been highly conserved since that time. PMID- 6607711 TI - [Monoclonal antibodies produced by human-human hybridomas]. AB - Generation of human monoclonal antibodies by human-human hybridomas was briefly reviewed. Monoclonal antibodies derived from human lymphocytes, once produced, would be better than those that are animal-derived with regard to in vivo use, such as immunotherapy by immunotoxin and diagnosis by antibody-targeted radioisotope imaging in the cancer patient. To date, very few human monoclonal antibodies, even against conventional antigens, have been reported. Their development by hybridoma techniques has been hampered for a variety of reasons of which the most important is probably the lack of reliable methods for antigen specific stimulation of human lymphocytes. A second problem would be the human myeloma lines for the fusion partner. Thus, we selected GM 1500 6TG-A1 2 line as the fusion partner and tested their ability to form hybrids with human spleen cells, secrete monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig), clone, and maintain Ig secretion with the same Ig composition. The results were somewhat disappointing in regard to hybrid formation (5 X 10(-6), antibody secretion(0.1 approximately 100 micrograms/ml, majority approximately 1 microgram/ml), and stability in comparison with their murine counterparts. It is encouraging, however, that some cloned hybridomas produced large quantities (approximately 100 micrograms/ml) of IgM, which were nearly equivalent to those of murine hybridomas, for at least 6 month after fusion. The other available human myeloma lines have been reported to have similar or inferior characteristics to GM 1500 6TG line. The successful development of human-derived monoclonal antibodies would depend upon improvements in in vitro primary immunization of peripheral blood mononuclear cells as well as in establishing novel human myeloma or B cell lines, if possible Ig non secretors. PMID- 6607712 TI - Health effects of air pollution due to coal combustion in the Chestnut Ridge Region of Pennsylvania: results of cross-sectional analysis in adults. AB - Respiratory questionnaires (ATS-DLD-78) were administered to 5557 adult women in a rural area of Western Pennsylvania to evaluate the health effects of air pollution resulting from coal combustion. Air pollution data were derived from 17 air quality monitor sites and stratified to define low, medium, and high pollution areas. The means of 4 yr (1975-1978) annual averages for sulfur dioxide in each strata were 62, 66, and 99 micrograms/m3, respectively. Total suspended particulates were not tested as a risk factor because they reflected air pollution from sources other than coal combustion (e.g., agricultural, road dusts). Risks of respiratory symptoms were evaluated in a multiple logistic model that adjusted for several potential confounding factors. The risk of "wheeze most days or nights" in nonsmokers residing in the high and medium pollution areas was 1.58 and 1.26 (P = .02), respectively, relative to residents in the low pollution area. In the subset of residents who had lived in the same location for at least 5 yr, relative risks increased to 1.95 and 1.40 (P less than .01), respectively. An increased risk of grade 3 dyspnea in nonsmokers was associated with sulfur dioxide but did not achieve statistical significance (P = .11), and there was no association of cough or phlegm and air pollution in nonsmokers. Cigarette smoking characteristics were the major determinant of respiratory symptoms in smokers, and no independent association of air pollution was found. This study suggests that wheezing may be associated with ambient exposure to sulfur dioxide in nonsmokers, but no effect of sulfur dioxide on cigarette smokers was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6607713 TI - Malignant myositis ossificans: occult gastric carcinoma presenting as an acute rheumatic disorder. AB - A patient developed ossifying skeletal muscle metastases from a primary gastric mucin-producing adenocarcinoma. The unusual nature of skeletal muscle metastases and the inflammatory-like syndrome associated with heterotopic ossification is reviewed. It is suggested that this case of 'neoplasm-induced post-traumatic myositis ossificans' may be caused by the interaction of local haemorrhage and thrombosis, mucin-producing tumour implants, and the presence of large quantities of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid, an amino acid associated with the calcification of bone matrix formation. PMID- 6607714 TI - Limb allografts in rats immunosuppressed with cyclosporin A. AB - The role of cyclosporin A in transplantation of composite tissue for potential reconstructive purposes is examined in the rat hind limb transplant model. Two inbred rat strains were utilized. Brown ACI rat hind limbs were transferred to the dorsum of white Lewis rats with microvascular anastomoses. Twenty transplants were divided into four groups for postoperative immunosuppression: control, no cyclosporin; 7 days of cyclosporin; 21 days of cyclosporin; and continuous cyclosporin from 44-113 days. Hemagglutination and antibody titers were measured. Clinical evaluation and histologic examination at sacrifice were performed and rejection graded. Cyclosporin A has been successful in suppressing rejection in composite allograft transplant across defined major histocompatability barriers. Rats treated with cyclosporin A for a short period of time showed signs of rejection after discontinuation of therapy. Five animals treated continuously on cyclosporin A for up to 113 days showed no sign of rejection clinically, histologically, or immunologically. PMID- 6607715 TI - Subcutaneous technique for saphenous vein harvest. AB - A subcutaneous technique of saphenous vein harvesting is described, and the results of its use in 37 consecutive patients requiring two or more grafts are presented. The technique minimizes the handling of the vein and reduces leg wound complications and patient discomfort. PMID- 6607716 TI - Progressive immune failure in dyskeratosis congenita. Report of an adult in whom Pneumocystis carinii and fatal disseminated candidiasis developed. AB - Community-acquired Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia developed in a young adult patient with dyskeratosis congenita. His hospitalization ended fatally with disseminated candidiasis. Evaluation during the admission showed evidence of cellular immune dysfunction as indicated by skin test anergy and absent lymphocyte proliferation in an in vitro mixed lymphocyte culture. Treatment with transfer factor failed to reverse the cutaneous anergy or affect the clinical course. Dyskeratosis congenita is a rare multisystem disorder with prominent dermatologic manifestations; bone marrow failure or malignant neoplasm are common fatal outcomes. Immune system abnormalities are not classically considered a part of the disease complex. Serial evaluation of our patient's condition over several years suggests that depressed immune function, especially of the cellular limb, may evolve as a feature of clinical importance in these patients. PMID- 6607717 TI - Control of the formation of bacteriochlorophyll, and B875- and B850 bacteriochlorophyll complexes in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides mutant strain H5. AB - Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides mutant H5 lacking 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase was employed to study the control of the formation of total bacteriochlorophyll as well as of the B875- and B850-bacteriochlorophyll protein complexes. The organisms were grown phototrophically in a chemostat where cell protein formation was limited by iron ions and bacteriochlorophyll by 5-aminolevulinic acid. 0.07 mol of bacteriochlorophyll was formed per mol of 5-amino-levulinic acid consumed. This stoichiometric relationship was not influenced by a twelve-fold variation in light energy flux. However, cell protein levels increased and, consequently, cellular specific bacteriochlorophyll contents decreased with increases in light energy flux. The ratio of B875- to B850-pigment protein complexes was inversely proportional to the velocity of 5-aminolevulinic acid supply (mol per cell protein and time) which in this system equals the velocity of 5-aminolevulinic acid consumption and the velocity of bacteriochlorophyll formation. Light had no direct effect on the ratio of B875- per B850-pigment complexes but an indirect effect via its control of protein formation. Changes in the ratio of the two pigment complexes resulted from the fact that significantly lower amounts of 5 aminolevulinic acid supplied per protein and time were required to saturate the system assembling the B875-complexes than that assembling the B850-complexes. The data suggest lack of light-dependent control in the formation of bacteriochlorophyll and its complexes subsequent to the 5-aminolevulinic acid pool. PMID- 6607718 TI - Marijuana users in young adulthood. AB - Striking differences appeared among 1,325 young adults aged 24 to 25 years depending on their marijuana use. Differences increased with involvement, although no threshold appeared at any particular level. Marijuana users were characterized by higher use of other substances, membership in networks of marijuana users, lower participation and greater instability in conventional roles of adulthood, history of psychiatric hospitalization and lower psychological well-being, and participation in deviant activities. Involvement with marijuana-using friends and use by spouse or partner, as well as use of other illicit drugs, were important predictors of current marijuana involvement. In young adulthood, as in adolescence, marijuana use is embedded in a social context favorable to its use and is associated with disaffection from social institutions. The social and psychological correlates of marijuana use are similar in young adulthood and adolescence and have remained unchanged over the last decade. PMID- 6607719 TI - Physical training with minimal hospital supervision of patients after coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - The effect of a program of rehabilitative training involving minimal hospital supervision was investigated in a group of 30 patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass surgery (CABPS). Fifteen of these undertook the training program while the remainder, who undertook a self-regulated program of activity, served as controls. It was found that the surgery per se had significantly improved both the effort tolerance and the highest rate pressure products generated. In the 15 surgical patients who trained we observed a further improvement in work capacity and in the highest rate pressure products achieved. These findings suggest that the effects of training and coronary revascularization are additive and that an effective training program can be instituted with minimal hospital supervision in selected patients who have undergone CABPS. PMID- 6607720 TI - Intraoperative hemodynamic investigations during portacaval shunt. AB - We studied the hemodynamics of hepatic blood flow before and after creation of portacaval shunts in 28 patients. Electromagnetic flow recordings were used to measure hepatic arterial flow (HAF) and portal venous flow (PVF) with respect to total hepatic blood flow (THBF). No correlation between PVF and portal pressure was found, but PVF was directly related to liver function. The concept that patients with low PVF tolerate shunts better (with respect to postoperative course and encephalopathy) than those with high PVF was not supported. Our investigations suggest the existence of a compensatory mechanism that tends to maintain THBF by increasing HAF following creation of a shunt. This compensatory increase occurs only in those patients with good liver function and normal or enlarged livers. PMID- 6607721 TI - [Enumeration of T cell subsets in patients with MCLS using monoclonal antibodies]. PMID- 6607722 TI - [Mechanism of autoantigen Ia recognition in T cell proliferative response]. PMID- 6607723 TI - Determination of regional cerebral blood flow in patients with cerebral infarction. Use of fluoromethane labeled with fluorine 18 and positron emission tomography. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was determined using the tissue kinetic of fluoromethane labeled with fluorine 18 and positron emission tomography (PET) in 13 normal subjects and 21 patients with cerebrovascular diseases. The mean brain rCBF was 42.9 +/- 4.3 mL/100 g/min during the resting state. The highest rCBF (60 +/- 8 mL/100 g/min) was noted in the mesial occipital region corresponding to cortical area 17. All 17 cases of cerebral ischemic infarcts had depressed rCBF in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the infarct. Every area of decreased density shown in the conventional computed tomograms (CT) was detected on the PET as an area of decreased rCBF (mean rCBF of infarcted area, 14.3 +/- 6 mL/100 g/min). The PET images showed a wider area of depressed rCBF than the region of the anatomic infarct. Five types of remote effects were noted in areas without structural damage: (1) decreased flow in the thalamus and caudate ipsilateral to the infarct; (2) decreased flow in the hemisphere contralateral to the cerebral infarct; (3) decreased flow in the cerebellar hemisphere contralateral to the cerebral infarct; (4) decreased flow in the visual cortex distal to the optic radiation lesion; and (5) decreased flow in the frontal cortex ipsilateral to the infarct. The effects in the contralateral hemisphere and the cerebellum were present only in the acute postictal phase. In four cases of transient ischemic attacks, rCBF was normal. It is concluded that this technique of measuring rCBF is a reliable method of identifying cerebral ischemia and that the determination of the extent of impaired rCBF provides a more accurate assessment of the region of brain dysfunction than CTs. PMID- 6607725 TI - Benign intracranial tumors and zoster ophthalmicus. PMID- 6607724 TI - Identification of inflammatory cell phenotypes in human oral carcinomas by means of monoclonal antibodies. AB - Monoclonal antibodies reacting with human T cell sub-populations, Langerhans cells and macrophages were used to examine the quantitative distribution of immune-competent cells in normal oral mucosa and invasive oral carcinomas. Both immunofluorescent and immunoperoxidase procedures were applied. In normal oral epithelia, the dominant immune-reactive cell was the Langerhans cell, positive for OKT 6 and expressing HLA-DR gene products (OKIa1+). Many intra-epithelial non epithelial cells (non-keratinocytes), belonged to the lymphocyte system carrying the suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype (OKT 8+). This lymphocyte sub-population was also the most prominent cell type in the normal mucosal stroma. The quantitative evaluation of immune-competent cells in squamous cell carcinomas revealed elevated numbers of all the inflammatory cell sub-populations investigated (suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocytes, helper/inducer lymphocytes, Langerhans cells, macrophages) compared with the normal oral mucosa. There was a striking increase in suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocytes (OKT 8+) and in cells of the macrophage system, including Langerhans cells (OKIa1+, OKM 1+, OKT 6+). In the stroma distant to the tumour complexes, many helper/inducer lymphocytes (OKT 4+) were also observed. PMID- 6607726 TI - Bacterial endophthalmitis after closed vitrectomy. AB - Four cases of bacterial endophthalmitis occurred after more than 2,800 closed vitrectomies. Despite vigorous antibiotic therapy, all four eyes were lost. The poor outcome seems to result from difficulties in diagnosing this condition in its early stages. Important clinical indications, such as orbital pain, corneal edema and infiltrate, excessive intraocular inflammatory reaction, hypopyon, and diminished fundus reflex, are often masked by the usual postoperative course. According to our study, the incidence of endophthalmitis after closed vitreous surgery is 0.14%. Three of the four patients with endophthalmitis were diabetic. Our clinical findings are compared with those in the four other cases reported in the literature. PMID- 6607727 TI - New findings in posterior amorphous corneal dystrophy. AB - Eight members of a family spanning five generations were found to have posterior amorphous corneal dystrophy. This rare abnormality was noted in both its centroperipheral and peripheral forms. The following five heretofore unrecognized features were noted: (1) hyperopia, (2) flattened corneal topography, (3) anterior iris surface and stromal abnormalities, (4) fine iris processes extending to Schwalbe's line for 360 degrees, and (5) extension of the opacity to the limbus. The presence of this dystrophy in a 6-month-old family member further suggests the possibility that it is a congenital abnormality. PMID- 6607728 TI - Use of direct posterior cricoarytenoid stimulation in laryngeal paralysis. AB - There are several methods used to restore impaired respiratory and phonatory function to the paralyzed larynx; but none are satisfactory. After we critically reviewed all available methods, we proposed a technique to rehabilitate the bilaterally paralyzed larynx, using selective stimulation of the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle. This technique has the following advantages over existing methods: (1) preservation of phonation, (2) less chance of aspiration than with arytenoidectomy, and (3) reversibility. Adaptation of existing biomedical technology used in conjunction with any of several methods of triggering with respiration would make this a practical method. After insertion of electrodes into the PCA muscle of anesthetized animal subjects, selective electrical stimulation of this muscle was successfully accomplished. A significant reproducible increase in glottic area was demonstrated. Applicability to those suffering from bilateral laryngeal denervation seems feasible and functionally superior to existing methods of rehabilitation. PMID- 6607729 TI - Management of quinine toxicity. AB - The clinical findings, investigations, and course of three patients who ingested quinine sulphate or bisulphate tablets and suffered severe visual loss are described. Methods and control of treatment for these patients are discussed, and the assessment of the effectiveness of treatment, and its relationship to the visual outcome are considered. PMID- 6607730 TI - High-frequency vestibulo-ocular reflex activation through forced head rotation in man. AB - The dynamic characteristics of the human vestibulo-ocular system were studied in the 0.5-30 Hz frequency range by rotating the head around a vertical axis. The rotation produced by a powerful servo-controlled vibrator was transmitted to the head by a hard-cushioned helmet and a rigid bite bar. The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain and phase were measured during fixation of a mobile or stationary visual target and in total darkness. In a second set of experiments, the subjects evaluated the amplitude of the perceived visual instability of the target in the two fixation conditions. The results confirm earlier observations describing the VOR gain and phase in the 0.5-8 Hz range: the gain starts to decrease beyond 2 Hz and the phase rises towards 90 degrees. Beyond 8 Hz, the gain curve reverses direction and increases continuously toward 3-4 at 25-30 Hz in the three tested situations. Meanwhile, the phase curves do not vary much. In the same frequency range, the perceived visual instability is significantly altered. Therefore, the gain variation at high frequency may, in part, explain the perceived visual target instability and may be suspected of altering visually controlled tracking executed in vibrating environments. PMID- 6607731 TI - Matrix Gla protein, a new gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein which is associated with the organic matrix of bone. AB - A new protein has been isolated from CaCl2/urea extracts of demineralized bovine bone matrix. This protein has five to six residues of the vitamin K-dependent amino acid, gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla), and we have accordingly designated it matrix Gla protein. Matrix Gla protein is a 15,000 dalton protein whose amino acid composition includes a single disulfide bond. The absence of 4 hydroxyproline in matrix Gla protein demonstrates that it is not a precursor to bone Gla protein, 5,800 dalton protein which has a residue of 4-hydroxyproline at position 9 in its sequence. Matrix Gla protein also does not cross-react with antibodies raised against bone Gla protein. PMID- 6607732 TI - Tyrosine phosphorylation in human T lymphoma cells. AB - A high level of tyrosine protein kinase (TPK) has been recently detected in the murine lymphoma LSTRA. The main substrate for tyrosine phosphorylation in this cell line is a Mr 55 000 protein associated with the insoluble matrix of the cell. These findings prompted the search for TPK activities in human lymphoid cells. Three human T lymphoma cell lines (i.e. Molt. 4, JM, and Ke 37) and control lymphocytes were examined. After in vitro phosphorylation of detergent insoluble extracts from human T lymphoma cells, 2 major phosphotyrosine containing proteins with Mr 55 000 and 35 000 can be detected in all three T lymphoma lines, whereas an additional species with Mr 78 000 is present only in the Ke 37 cell line. Similar size proteins are weakly phosphorylated in normal lymphocytes. Tyrosine phosphorylation in these proteins proceeds actively at 0 degrees C, and is dramatically stimulated by Mn++ ions. Partial proteolysis mappings of the Mr 55 000 phosphoproteins from murine and human lymphomas revealed a strong homology among these molecules. The function of this protein in transformed lymphocytes is discussed. PMID- 6607733 TI - A long-term longitudinal study of anticentromere antibodies. AB - A longitudinal retrospective study of 37 patients previously tested for anticentromere antibodies (ACA) in 1982 was carried out. No ACA were found in stored sera from 22 ACA-negative patients including 1 patient with CREST (calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, telangiectasia). All ACA-positive patients, with 1 exception, were found to have ACA in their sera over prolonged periods of time. One patient developed ACA for the first time when the third feature of the CREST syndrome (Raynaud's phenomenon) was noted. Anticentromere antibodies were IgG, and no consistent change in titer over time was found. PMID- 6607734 TI - Clinical and laboratory associations of anticentromere antibody in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis. AB - Anticentromere antibody (ACA) was found in the serum of 4 (3%) of 120 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis with diffuse scleroderma and in 69 (49%) of 141 with progressive systemic sclerosis with the CREST syndrome variant. The 69 CREST syndrome patients with ACA were compared with the 72 CREST syndrome patients without ACA. The former were older at the onset of symptoms and significantly more frequently female (97% versus 78%, P less than 0.01). Those with ACA more often had telangiectasiae of the digits (93% versus 75%) and calcinosis (55% versus 22%). These differences were also present after the groups were stratified according to duration of disease. Cutaneous involvement was similar in both degree and extent in the 2 groups; 20% of CREST patients both with and without ACA had forearm skin thickening. Pulmonary interstitial fibrosis on chest roentgenogram and restrictive disease on pulmonary function testing were significantly less frequent in the ACA patients. Gastrointestinal involvement, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and cardiac abnormalities were similar in both groups, and there has been no difference in survival between CREST syndrome patients with and without ACA. Tissue typing studies revealed a significant association between ACA and HLA-DR1. PMID- 6607735 TI - Clonal heterogeneity in the fibroblast response to mononuclear cell derived mediators. AB - Human dermal fibroblasts were examined for heterogeneity in proliferation and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthetic response to supernates of mitogen activated mononuclear cell cultures. Eleven substrains from a single neonatal foreskin culture displayed marked clonal heterogeneity in the fibroblast response to mononuclear cell derived mediators. Supernates of mononuclear cell cultures stimulated fibroblast PGE2 synthesis and suppressed proliferation. Substrains displayed tenfold differences in PGE synthesis and the extent of growth suppression. Release of immunologic mediators at sites of inflammatory lesions could lead to alterations in the clonal composition and phenotypic expression of connective tissue cells. PMID- 6607736 TI - Mode of interaction between immunoglobulin G and mezlocillin against beta lactamase producing bacteria. AB - beta-Lactamase producing E. coli and Proteus spp. strains were exposed in vitro to mezlocillin (Baypen) and/or immunoglobulin G (IgG, commercially available batches of Polyglobin). Whereas each single agent exhibited no effect against these strains, the combination of both acted synergistically resulting in a pronounced reduction in viable counts. These findings were corroborated in vivo by using the granuloma pouch technique in rats. Treatment of rats with either mezlocillin (100 mg/kg b.i.d., i.v.) or IgG (single i.v. dose of 3 ml/kg) was ineffective. In contrast, simultaneous administration of both drugs exhibited a marked antibacterial effect throughout the study period of one week. Three control experiments were run in parallel in any case: firstly, albumin (3 mg/kg) served as a protein control; its application was completely ineffective. Secondly, cefoxitin and cefotaxime, respectively (40 mg/kg b.i.d., i.v.), were administered because of their beta-lactamase stability. Both cephalosporins exhibited an antibacterial effect against the beta-lactamase producing E. coli strains, but were ineffective against Proteus spp. Thirdly, beta-lactamase negative strains were not synergistically affected by the combination of mezlocillin plus IgG. These data are to be explained on the basis of beta lactamase inactivation by antibodies being present in the IgG preparation. Antibodies were quantified by means of the ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) technique. Furthermore, the antibody induced change in enzymic activity of various beta-lactamases was demonstrated by activity titration curves for TEM 1, TEM 2, OXA 1, OXA 2, OXA 3 beta-lactamases from E. coli. PMID- 6607737 TI - [Effects of an antiserum for epithelial-reticular cells of the thymus on T dependent immune response]. AB - Relations between thymic factors and Prostaglandins (PG) were studied. We investigated on the effects of different incubation times with Thymosin Fraction 5 and Indomethacin on the release by spleen cells from normal or adult thymectomized mice. Prostaglandins were measured by radioimmunoassay. Thymosin induces an increase in PGE2 release on spleen cells obtained from thymectomized mice; the same effect was not observed on spleen cells obtained from normal mice. PMID- 6607738 TI - PLDR inhibitors: their biological and clinical implications. AB - Effects of various nucleoside analogues on X-ray-induced-PLD recovery (PLDR) were examined in plateau phase Chinese hamster HA-1 cells. Among the chemicals tested, 3'-dA (3'-deoxyadenosine) and ara-A (9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine) were most potent inhibitors of PLDR at their slightly toxic doses. N6-butyryl-3'-dA and 3' dG (3'-deoxyguanosine) were the most effective in suppressing PLDR at non-toxic doses. A specific inhibitor of DNA polymerase beta, 2', 3'-ddT (dideoxythymidine) was intermediately effective. However, possibly due to the lower intracellular incorporation or phosphorylation, 3'-deoxy-pyrimidine analogues and formycin B were less or non-effective. The enhancement of antitumor effect of cyclophosphamide by ara-A and 3'-dG was observed in SCC VII tumors in vivo. The involvement of DSB (or chromosome aberration) and SSB as well as base damage or crosslinks in PLD is suggested, since recently they have been shown not to be rejoined when treated with various agents such as hyperthermia and ara-A. PMID- 6607739 TI - Immunological profiles in alopecia areata. AB - Cell-mediated immunity and auto-immune phenomena were investigated in sixty patients with active alopecia areata of various degrees of severity. Serum auto antibodies to thyroid antigens were detected in twenty-three patients. Examination of T-lymphocyte populations, lymphocyte DNA synthesis, and lymphokine production in response to mitogen stimulation revealed no differences between the sixty patients and matched healthy control subjects. However, patients with thyroid auto-immunity and/or the presence of alopecia totalis or universalis showed significant reductions in interactive T lymphocytes (recognized by rosette formation with human B lymphoblastoid cells) and diminished production of leukocyte migration inhibition factor in response to stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin. This suggests that immune mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata which is associated with thyroid auto-immunity or which progresses to total hair loss. PMID- 6607740 TI - Evidence for clonal evolution in pre-B-cell leukaemia. AB - This case study provides evidence for clonal evolution in pre-B-cell leukaemia. At diagnosis, the lymphoblasts from a 3-year-old boy were morphologically subtyped as L1 (French-American-British classification). Their immunophenotype was CALLA+, CIgM+, SIg-, TdT+, and the karyotype was pseudodiploid with a 1;19 translocation. Striking shifts were apparent when the child relapsed 16 months later. The morphologic subtype had changed to L3, CALLA and TdT had disappeared, and a consistent karyotype was lacking. The modal chromosome number had increased through clonal evolution to 85, the 1;19 translocation was retained, and a new marker, a 14q+ (partial duplication) appeared and was present in a majority of cells. These cytogenetic findings are characteristic of a transforming state. However, despite the loss of TdT, the appearance of classic L3 morphology and the acquisition of a 14q+ marker, the cells retained a predominantly pre-B phenotype. PMID- 6607741 TI - Haemopoietic progenitor cells in dyskeratosis congenita. PMID- 6607742 TI - Haemophilus influenzae corneal ulcer in a therapeutic contact lens wearer. AB - Haemophilus influenzae is an unusual corneal pathogen and an unusual cause of corneal ulcers in Western society. In previous reports corneal complications from H. influenzae have been secondary to a conjunctivitis. The first case of a primary H. influenzae corneal ulcer as a complication of therapeutic contact lens wear is presented. Since other uncommon bacteria have been reported as causes of contact lens related corneal ulcers, the bacteriology of contact lens related corneal ulcers is reviewed. Ophthalmologists need to be aware that H. influenzae infections in adults are becoming more frequent. PMID- 6607744 TI - Kinetics of activation and autoactivation of human factor XII. AB - The kinetics of the enzymic reactions that participate in the contact activation system of human plasma were examined. These reactions are potentiated by dextran sulfate, a negatively charged solute that mimics many of the effects of glass or kaolin on this system. The reactions of reciprocal activation, consisting of activation of factor XII by kallikrein and of prekallikrein by activated factor XII, follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics; values of kcat and Km for each of these reactions were determined in the presence of dextran sulfate and in its absence. In the presence of dextran sulfate, the catalytic efficiency for factor XII activation was increased 11 000-fold, and that for prekallikrein was increased 70 fold. Autoactivation of factor XII in the presence of dextran sulfate also follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics with kcat = 0.033 s-1 and Km = 7.5 microM. This finding supports the concept that autoactivation is an enzymic process, initiated by traces of activated factor XII which are invariably present in factor XII preparations. At prekallikrein and factor XII levels equal to those in plasma, reciprocal activation is approximately 2000-fold more rapid than autoactivation. Thus, reciprocal activation is the predominant mode of factor XII activation in normal plasma. PMID- 6607743 TI - Atypical vitelliform macular dystrophy in a 5-generation family. AB - Five generations of a family with autosomal dominant atypical vitelliform macular dystrophy (A-VMD) were studied. This dystrophy is similar to autosomal dominant Best's vitelliform dystrophy (B-VMD) but clinically more closely resembles sporadic pseudovitelliform macular degeneration (P-VMD). Of the family members who were 14 years or older 43 (24 females and 19 males) of the 101 at risk (43%) were affected. Vision varied from 20/20 to 20/200. Field defects and tritan colour defects were invariably present only when vision was less than or equal to 20/200, but these defects were sometimes present when vision was good. The electrooculographic studies (LP/DT ratios) in this family were found to be normal or reduced and did not correlate with visual acuity. Minimal retinal findings consisted of macular or extramacular punctate yellow lesions or both in the retinal pigment epithelium, which were hypofluorescent by angiography, and retinal pigment epithelial defects in the temporal nerve fibre bundle, which were hyperfluorescent by angiography. Fluorescein angiographic changes were invariably present when retinal lesions were noted, and this was the most reliable test in identifying genotypically affected family members with minimal phenotypic expression. PMID- 6607745 TI - Resonance Raman carbonyl frequencies and ultraviolet absorption maxima as indicators of the active site environment in native and unfolded chromophoric acyl-alpha-chymotrypsin. AB - The imidazole of chromophoric p-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid, DABIm, reacts with the serine protease alpha-chymotrypsin in the pH range of 4-7 to form a stable acyl intermediate that gives very good resonance-enhanced Raman spectra. The resonance Raman and absorption spectra of the acyl enzyme intermediate have been compared with the spectra of simple model compounds such as the corresponding chromophoric methyl ester, aldehyde, and imidazole. The resonant Raman and ultraviolet absorption spectra of these simple chromophoric model compounds change considerably with the solvent. However, each of the model compounds exhibits a linear correlation between the maximum wavelength of absorption and the frequency of the carbonyl vibration. The observed values of the acyl intermediate do not fall on the line for the methyl ester but rather on the line for the aldehyde. This shows that the chromophoric serine ester of the acyl enzyme behaves differently than an ordinary ester, which cannot be explained as a solvent effect. Thermal unfolding of the acyl enzyme brings the spectroscopic parameters close to those of the model ester. We conclude that it is the specific conformation of the native enzyme and not solvent effects that change the spectroscopic properties of the acyl chromophore. It is reasonable that these changes arise from the same forces that cause the catalytic events. The carbonyl frequencies of a series of para-substituted benzoyl methyl esters show a remarkably linear correlation with the rate of deacylation of the corresponding acyl enzymes. PMID- 6607746 TI - Intracellular chloride activity and membrane potential in stripped frog skin (Rana temporaria). AB - The regulation of cell chloride activity in frog skin was investigated using double barrelled Cl--microelectrodes to measure cell membrane potentials and chloride activity in the isolated frog epidermis. Experiments were done under short-circuit conditions, impaling cells from the serosal side. The basic electrophysiological parameters of the isolated skin were similar to those reported in the literature for whole preparations. Intracellular chloride activity was on average 21.9 mM and membrane potential was about 57 mV, implying that chloride was distributed away from its electrochemical equilibrium (i.e., concentrated inside the cells). Chloride activity decreased after removal of either Cl- or Na+ from the serosal bathing solution, with no change in membrane potential. The chloride permeability of the serosal membrane was calculated to be 2.6 X 10(-6) cm X s-1 which represents about 1/4 of the total conductance of the serosal membrane. We suggest that an electrically silent sodium-dependent uphill transport of chloride is present at the basolateral membrane of the frog skin, which accounts for the non-passive distribution of chloride. PMID- 6607747 TI - Mechanism of inhibition by trinitrophenylation of the ristocetin cofactor activity of von Willebrand factor. AB - In the presence of ristocetin, von Willebrand factor is capable of agglutinating washed platelets. Modification of only a small percentage of amino groups of von Willebrand factor with trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid markedly inhibits this platelet agglutinating activity. 90% of the platelet agglutinating activity is lost after modification of only 10% of the von Willebrand factor amino groups. Since only the higher molecular weight forms of the heterogeneous von Willebrand factor polymers possess this platelet agglutinating activity, it was important to demonstrate that trinitrophenylation did not alter the degree of von Willebrand factor polymerization. This was accomplished by agarose gel electrophoresis. Subsequent direct binding and competitive binding studies demonstrated that trinitrophenylation markedly impairs the ability of von Willebrand factor to bind to the platelet surface. Thus the loss of platelet agglutinating activity upon modification of only a small fraction of the amino groups of von Willebrand factor is attributable to impaired binding of the modified von Willebrand factor to the platelet surface. PMID- 6607748 TI - Effect of blood microfilters on complement activity in human plasma. AB - While many devices that come into direct contact with patients' blood have been shown to be safe with respect to their effects on the cellular components and coagulation system of blood, many have not been examined with respect to their potential to activate the complement system. We present evidence that suggests that a combination of nylon plus polypropylene, and a combination of polyester plus polypropylene, found in blood microfilters used to protect patients from gaseous and particulate embolism during cardiopulmonary bypass, produce significant (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.05, respectively) C3a generation during incubation in heparinized plasma. Filter mesh composed of nylon plus polypropylene produced significantly more (p less than 0.01) C3a than the polyester plus polypropylene combination. PMID- 6607749 TI - Stiffness, force, and sarcomere shortening during a twitch in frog semitendinosus muscle bundles. AB - The time course of force and stiffness during a twitch was determined at 6 and 26 degrees C in frog semitendinosus muscle bundles using the transmission time technique of Schoenberg, M., J.B. Wells, and R.J. Podolsky, 1974, J. Gen. Physiol. 64:623-642. Sarcomere shortening due to series compliance was also measured using a laser light diffraction technique. Following stimulation, stiffness developed more rapidly than force, but had a slower time course than published Ca2+ transients determined from light signals using Ca2+ sensitive dyes (Baylor, S.M., W.K. Chandler, and M.W. Marshall, 1982, J. Physiol. (Lond.). 331:139-177). Stiffness (S) did not reach its tetanic value during a twitch at 6 or 26 degrees C, although at 6 degrees C, it approached close to this value with S-twitch/S-tetanus = 0.82 +/- 0.07 (+/- SEM). During relaxation, force fell more rapidly than stiffness both for a twitch and also a tetanus. Also in this paper, several of the assumptions inherent in using the transmission time technique for the measurement of stiffness are considered in detail. PMID- 6607752 TI - Immunobiologic properties of the C8-derivatized guanine ribonucleosides. AB - In recent studies from this laboratory, the immunologic properties of a new class of activator, the C8-derivatized guanine ribonucleosides have been described. These agents are potent lymphocyte activators which appear to gain access to the interior of the cell by the purine nucleoside facilitated transport mechanism and to activate the cell at an intracellular triggering site. Cyclic GMP does not appear to be a direct or indirect mediator of these events. The major lymphocyte population responsive to these compounds appears to be a mature group of B lymphocytes with a minor contribution provided by a subpopulation of less mature B cells. These nucleoside analogues exert a variety of pleiotropic effects, including polyclonal activation of B cells to secrete immunoglobulin, immunoenhancement of thymus-dependent and thymus-independent immune responses, induction of interleukin 1-like activity in cultured macrophages, and transmission of T cell-like inductive signals to B cells. This T cell-replacing activity appears to be T cell-independent and interleukin-2 independent, but is capable of synergizing with both T cells and T cell-derived lymphokines. Moreover, the T cell-like signals provided by the C8-derivatized nucleosides appear to be independent of the first signals (leading to clonal expansion) provided by these agents, in that antigen alone is able to provide a perfectly satisfactory inductive signal for B cells. Studies to date suggest that these nucleoside derivatives are capable of ameliorating immune deficits in serveral different models of murine immunodeficiency. PMID- 6607751 TI - Light saturation curves and quantum yields in reaction centers from photosynthetic bacteria. AB - Reaction centers isolated from the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides R-26 mutant were irradiated with laser pulses of variable energy and the amount of photooxidation of the primary electron donor bacteriochlorophyll was measured. The resultant light saturation curve fits an exponential function and not a hyperbolic or hyperbolic tangent function. Analysis using either a Poisson statistical model or a simple kinetic model predicts an exponential light saturation curve in the limit where the light pulse is long relative to any transient intermediate states. The absolute quantum yield of photochemistry was found to be 0.98, utilizing the entire light saturation curve. Distortions from the simple exponential light saturation behavior are predicted when very short laser pulses are used. PMID- 6607750 TI - Intrinsic shortening speed of temperature-jump-activated intact muscle fibers. Effects of varying osmotic pressure with sucrose and KCl. AB - Effects of intracellular ionic strength on the isotonic contraction properties of both intact fibers and skinned fibers give insights into the cross-bridge mechanism, but presently there is fundamental disagreement in the results on the two fiber preparations. This paper, which studies the effects on contraction of varying the osmotic pressure of the bathing medium with impermeant and permeant solutes, explains the above controversy and establishes the physiological significance of the previous results on skinned fibers. Fast-twitch fibers, isolated singly from tibialis and semitendinosus muscles of frogs, were activated by a temperature-jump technique in hyperosmotic solutions with either 100 or 150 mM sucrose (impermeant), or 50 or 75 mM KCl (permeant). Intracellular ionic strength was expected to rise in these solutions from the standard value of approximately 190 to 265 mM. Cell volume and the speed of unloaded shortening both decreased with sucrose and were constant with KCl. On the other hand, isometric force decreased equally with equiosmolar addition of either solute; this is additional evidence that contractile force decreases with ionic strength and is independent of fiber volume. Therefore, for the main cross-bridges, force per bridge is constant with changes in the lateral separation between the myofilaments. The next finding, that at a fixed cell volume the contraction speed is constant with KCl, provides clear evidence in intact fibers that the intrinsic speed of shortening is insensitive to increased ionic strength. The data with KCl are in agreement with the results on skinned fibers. The results suggest that in the cross-bridge kinetics in vivo the rate-limiting step is different for force than that for shortening. On the other hand, the decrease in speed with sucrose is associated with the shrinkage in cell volume, and is explained by the possibility of an increased internal load. A major fraction of the internal load may arise from unusual interactions between the sliding filaments; these interactions are enhanced in the fibers compressed with sucrose, but this does not affect the intrinsic kinetics of the main cross-bridges. PMID- 6607753 TI - Isolation and characterization of a T lymphocyte-derived differentiation inducing factor for the myeloid leukemic cell line HL-60. AB - Mitogen-stimulated mononuclear blood cells produce differentiation inducing factors (DIFs) for the promyelocytic cell line HL-60. We report that DIF is produced constitutively by a malignant T lymphocyte line HUT-102. DIF was purified 7,000-fold from HUT-102 conditioned media by utilizing ion-exchange chromatography with DEAE-Sepharose, gel chromatography, Blue-Sepharose chromatography, and preparative SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE). The final preparation is susceptible to protease treatment, has a molecular weight of 46,000, as determined by SDS-PAGE and approximately 55,000 by gel filtration, has an isoelectric point of approximately 5.2, does not adhere to lectin-Sepharose and is resistant to periodate oxidation, and is free of colony stimulating factor. DIF induced maturation of HL-60 into phagocytizing nitro blue tetrazolium reducing cells with the morphological characteristics of myelomonocytic or monocyte-like cells. An activity, co-chromatographing with DIF, acts synergistically with retinoic acid to induce maturation not only of HL-60, but also of the monoblast-like cell line U-937 (measured as percentage of cells reducing NBT). PMID- 6607754 TI - The effect of DDAVP on plasma levels of von Willebrand antigen II in normal individuals and patients with von Willebrand's disease. AB - The infusion of 1-deamino-(8-D-arginine)-vasopressin (DDAVP) causes not only an elevation in factor VIII-related antigen (FVIIIR:Ag), but also a marked elevation of plasma von Willebrand antigen II (vWAgII). vWAgII reaches a peak concentration at 60 min and is elevated 3-8-fold over basal levels in normal individuals and individuals with type I, IIA, and IIB von Willebrand's disease. As the mechanism of hemostatic alteration brought about by DDAVP might be due to release of endothelial cell proteins, endothelial cell cultures were performed. The cultures demonstrated synthesis and secretion of vWAgII, as evidenced by the incorporation of 35S-methionine into the vWAgII molecule. Thus, vWAgII, like FVIIIR:Ag, is an endothelial cell protein. PMID- 6607756 TI - The effect of splenectomy on platelet formation and megakaryocyte DNA content in rats. AB - The DNA content of rat bone marrow megakaryocytes (MK) was studied by Feulgen photometry following splenectomy and sham operation, respectively. The DNA measurements were preceded by acetylcholinesterase staining for identification of the 2N-8N MK. The number of 2N-8N MK decreased to minimum values, while the number of 16N-64N MK increased to maximum values about 4 days following both splenectomy and sham operation. However, the changes were somewhat more pronounced following splenectomy than sham operation. The total MK number did not change significantly. Platelet production, measured by 35S incorporation into platelets, increased during the first 2 days and remained high for 6-7 days, increasing the platelet counts. All values were about normal 30 days after surgery, except for a minor thrombocytosis following splenectomy. The early, highly significant thrombocytosis, following both splenectomy and general surgery, is caused by increased production of platelets due to the surgical trauma. This is caused by a direct action on bone marrow MK by transforming 2N-8N MK into higher ploidy classes. Lack of splenic platelet pooling may influence the grade and duration of the early thrombocytosis after splenectomy. The late, long lasting, minor thrombocytosis, which occurs after splenectomy but not after sham operation, can be explained by the removal of the splenic platelet pool. PMID- 6607755 TI - Role of endothelial cells in human hematopoiesis: modulation of mixed colony growth in vitro. AB - The identification of clonal human multipotent hematopoietic progenitors has permitted an analysis of the growth factor requirements for these cells. Human endothelial cell cultures were used to examine the effects of media conditioned by the endothelial cells on human multipotent (CFU-mix) and committed erythroid (BFU-E, CFU-E) and myeloid (CFU-GM) precursors. These studies demonstrate that endothelial cells produce proteins of approximately 30,000 daltons, with isoelectric focusing points of 4.5 and 7.2, which stimulate the growth of human BFU-E and CFU-mix. A heat-labile protein(s) of 30,000 and 15,000 daltons stimulated the proliferation and differentiation of granulocyte-macrophage (CFU GM) colonies. No erythropoietin was detected in endothelial cell supernatants. This suggests that endothelial cells, a normal component of marrow stroma, play an active role in the modulation of human hematopoietic stem cell growth. PMID- 6607757 TI - Estrogen stimulates von Willebrand factor production by cultured endothelial cells. AB - Monolayers of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells were exposed to 17 beta-estradiol and compared to control cultures with respect to levels of von Willebrand factor (vWF) released into the media after 3-5 days of incubation. The amount of functional vWF activity was assessed by ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation and by a radioreceptor platelet assay. vWF antigen was quantitated by immunoassay. The DNA content of each monolayer was determined fluorometrically and used as a measure of cell number. By all assays, vWF levels in the media from the estradiol-treated endothelial cells were reproducibly and significantly higher when compared with control values. The amount of vWF produced by the cultured endothelial cells showed a dose-response effect to the estradiol added to the media. The estradiol-treated cells produced approximately 1.3 +/- 0.30 micrograms vWF/ml/micrograms DNA at 2 ng estradiol/ml, compared with control cultures that produced 0.75 +/- 0.16 microgram vWF/ml/micrograms DNA (p less than 0.001). The estradiol-treated monolayers consistently contained slightly greater amounts of DNA than control cultures: 2.0 +/- 0.10 micrograms versus 1.7 +/- 0.12 micrograms DNA (p less than 0.001). By multivariant analysis, however, the differences in cell number could only account for less than or equal to 10% of the elevation in the level of vWF that occurred in response to estradiol. By SDS agarose electrophoresis and radioimmunoblotting, the vWF within the cytosol of the endothelial cells was found to possess a multimeric pattern similar to that found for either purified plasma vWF or vWF released into media overlying endothelial cell cultures. Our studies indicate that estrogen directly stimulates endothelial cells to increase their rate of production of vWF and, in addition, causes a slight increase in endothelial cell replication. These data may bear on the observation that administration of estrogen to some women with von Willebrand's disease causes an increase in their functional levels of vWF. PMID- 6607758 TI - Pre-B cell leukemia associated with chromosome translocation 1;19. AB - Chromosome banding studies on 60 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), including "null," pre-B, B, and T cell phenotypes, were performed. In 4 of 17 patients with pre-B cell ALL, we noted a previously undescribed chromosome translocation, t(1;19)(q23;q13). This translocation was not found in patients with "null" cell, B cell, or T cell ALL. Since each patient with the 1;19 translocation experienced early treatment failure, t(1;19)(q23;q13) may mark a subgroup of patients with pre-B cell ALL who have an especially poor prognosis. PMID- 6607759 TI - [Treatment of advanced colonic and rectal adenocarcinoma: combination of 5-FU and high-dose folinic acid]. PMID- 6607760 TI - Surgical experience of deeply jaundiced patients with bile duct obstruction. AB - One hundred and twenty consecutive deeply jaundiced patients undergoing surgery for bile duct obstruction were analysed. Diagnosis by either ultrasound or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography was correct in 84 per cent and 86 per cent of patients respectively. Combination of the two procedures resulted in a diagnostic accuracy of 96.5 per cent. Despite pre-operative antibiotics and intravenous fluids, including Mannitol, infective complications and renal failure were common. Gastrointestinal haemorrhage was a major cause of postoperative morbidity and mortality. The operative mortality in this series was 14.2 per cent and was related to the depth of jaundice in patients with benign disease. The same relationship did not appear to occur in those with malignant disease. The median survival after palliative bypass surgery in patients with malignant obstruction was 6.5 months. PMID- 6607761 TI - Transabdominal oesophageal resection for bleeding oesophageal varices. PMID- 6607762 TI - Colonoscopy for recurrent obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6607763 TI - Growth of Candida species in liquid culture medium for Trichomonas vaginalis. AB - The growth of Candida spp from vaginal specimens in Bushby's liquid medium for T vaginalis was compared with that on Sabouraud's agar medium, and isolation was significantly greater in Bushby's medium (p less than 0.001). Isolations missed (4.43%) in Bushby's medium probably represented vaginal carriage of small numbers of Candida spp. PMID- 6607764 TI - Neuroblastoma cell as model for olfactory cell: mechanism of depolarization in response to various odorants. AB - The mouse neuroblastoma cell (N-18 clone) was used as a model for an olfactory cell. The N-18 cell was found to be depolarized reversibly by various species of odorants. The minimum concentrations of odorants which induced depolarization (threshold concentration) varied greatly with the species of odorants. There was a good correlation between the order of the threshold concentrations for various odorants in the N-18 cell and that in the frog olfactory responses. Replacement of Na+ and Cl- with impermeable ions or reduction of calcium concentration from 1.8 mM to 0.1 mM had practically no effect on the magnitude of the depolarization response to odorants. The input membrane resistance was little changed during the depolarization induced by various odorants. No reversal potential was observed when the cell was depolarized by n-amyl acetate or vanillin. It is suggested that the depolarization of N-18 cell by odorants is induced by changes in the phase boundary potential at the outer surface of the cell. PMID- 6607765 TI - Increased binding of GABA to its post-synaptic carrier sites on the plasma membrane of Deiters' neurons after a learning experiment in rats. AB - A new micromethod for studying the interaction of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) with its post-synaptic uptake in a defined type of nerve cell is described. The method involves the isolation by free hand microdissection of Deiters' nerve cells from the rabbit lateral vestibular nucleus and their incubation with tritiated GABA in the presence of 100 mM Na+ at 4 degrees C. From the binding data a Kd was calculated for this interaction of 104 nM and a BMax of 8.4 X 10(5) sites/neuron. The method was applied to the study of the modifications of the binding of GABA to Deiters' neurons from control rats and rats trained to balance on a steel wire in order to reach food. This performance is a powerful stimulation to the vestibular system. The results show that, in the binding experiment with 100 nM [3H]GABA, the amount of GABA which specifically binds to the Deiters' neurons is increased by 38% in the trained rats. Analogously, when the incubation with GABA was performed at 37 degrees C, involving an intake of GABA into the neurons, the amount of GABA taken up increases by 50% in the trained group. No GABA-binding or uptake increase was found when animals were subjected to intense vestibular stimulation for a short period without learning. These results indicate that when rats learn a behavioral test which involves an improved vestibular control, there is a specific neurochemical modification in the neurons of the lateral vestibular nucleus. This modification seems to be of importance for the physiology of the neuronal circuits controlling the vestibular function in the rat. PMID- 6607766 TI - The absence of specific dye-coupling among frog spinal neurons. AB - A double fluorescence labeling technique was developed to study the specificity of dye-coupling among frog spinal neurons. A pool of motoneurons known to be electrically coupled was prelabeled with a large molecule (rhodamine conjugated to horseradish peroxidase) that was not expected to pass through gap junctions. Then a single sensory or motor neuron within or outside this pool was injected with lucifer yellow to see if the dye spread specifically among neurons that are electrically coupled. We observed almost no examples of specific dye-coupling. PMID- 6607767 TI - Postnatal development of pretectal and NRTP neuron responses to optokinetic stimulation in the rat. AB - The postnatal development of single unit responses in the pretectum (Pt) and the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (NRTP) to large horizontal moving visual patterns at constant velocity (range 0.5-5 deg./s) has been studied in pigmented rats (DA/HAN). The earliest detectable response was recorded on postnatal day 16 in the Pt and day 19 in the NRTP. The number of responding units increased with age: 36% in group I (16-26 days) and 60% in group II (27-36 days) in Pt; 43% and 61% in group I (19-26 days) and II (27-36 days), respectively, in NRTP. Response magnitude developed gradually: Mean delta F (impulses/s) = 4.9 and 7.6 in group I and II, respectively, in Pt and 6.1 and 7.9 in group I and II, respectively, in NRTP. Different types of response patterns were identified relative to their ocular origin and directionality of the stimulation. In addition to the adult like patterns, other units were either excited or inhibited by stimulation of the ipsilateral eye. These findings indicate that movement-evoked responses of Pt and NRTP neurons appear earlier than vestibular nucleus (VN) responses to such visual stimuli, and that the day of response appearance progresses along the visual vestibular pathways from the primary central relay. The maturation is characterized by a relative decrease in time in the role of ipsilateral afferents and a relative increase in time in the role of contralateral afferents. As these contralateral afferents to the Pt are well known to be involved in generating optokinetic nystagmus, the postnatal increase in the sensitivity of their responses may parallel the postnatal development of optokinetic behavior in the rat. PMID- 6607768 TI - Nigral dopaminergic mechanisms in drug-induced circling. AB - Unilateral injections of dopamine into the substantia nigra pars reticulata of pargyline-pretreated rats caused a prolonged, contralateral circling, similar in magnitude to that elicited by the injection of the same amount of dopamine intrastriatally. Contralateral circling was also elicited by the unilateral intranigral injection of amphetamine (after pargyline pretreatment), or by the dopamine agonists ergometrine and SKF 38393. In contrast, bilateral intranigral injection of the dopamine antagonist haloperidol greatly reduced the amphetamine induced circling of rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-induced nigrostriatal lesions. These results support the hypothesis that dopaminergic mechanisms in the substantia nigra are involved in motor behavior. PMID- 6607769 TI - Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase - methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase - formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase from porcine liver: evidence to support a common dehydrogenase-cyclohydrolase site. AB - The cyclohydrolase activity of the trifunctional enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase - methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase - formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase is inhibited by NADP+, a substrate of the dehydogenase. This uncompetitive inhibition, shown also by 3-aminopyridine adenine dinucleotide phosphate (AADP), indicates formation of dead-end complexes consisting of enzyme nucleotide-methenyltetrahydrofolate. Chemical modification with diethylpyrocarbonate inactivates the dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase but not the synthetase. Folate, but neither NADP+ nor AADP, protects both activities against modification. However, NADP+ potentiates the protection by folate by decreasing the apparent Kd for that ligand approximately sixfold. Chemical modification with phenylglyoxal also inactivates both the dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase activities. Neither activity was protected by NADP+ or folate alone; however, the combination of NADP+ and folate protected both activities. These results are consistent with a model in which the dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase activities share a common folate binding site. PMID- 6607770 TI - High-dose methotrexate with leucovorin rescue plus vincristine in advanced sarcoma: a Southwest Oncology Group study. AB - Twenty-six evaluable patients with advanced soft tissue and bony sarcomas refractory to chemotherapy were treated with vincristine plus high-dose methotrexate and leucovorin rescue. A 14% response rate was observed among 14 patients presenting with refractory soft tissue sarcomas. No responses were observed among 12 patients with bony sarcoma. Toxic reaction with nausea, vomiting, nephrotoxicity, and myelosuppression was manageable. While this study did demonstrate activity of this regimen in doxorubicin-refractory patients, the duration of the responses was relatively brief. Thus, the clinical utility of such a regimen is questionable. PMID- 6607772 TI - Constrictive pericarditis following coronary-artery bypass grafting in a patient with chronic asymptomatic pericardial disease. AB - Constrictive pericarditis is a rare complication of open-heart surgery. We describe a patient who was found at the time of coronary artery bypass surgery to have asymptomatic pericardial thickening and subsequently developed rapidly progressive constrictive pericarditis. At operation for pericardiectomy, the bypass graft to the posterior descending coronary artery was found to be strangled by fibrous tissue while the remaining two bypass grafts were patent. Following pericardiectomy, the patient made a good recovery. PMID- 6607771 TI - Studies, by 13C-n.m.r. and 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy of polysaccharide structure following sulfation. PMID- 6607773 TI - Survival and repopulation of irradiated 'pre-CFU-c' in mice. AB - Supernatants of murine bone-marrow cultures contain a colony-promoting factor (CPF) which increases the number of granulocyte and macrophage colonies in semi solid agar cultures in the presence of colony-stimulating factor (CSF). Incubation of bone-marrow cells with CPF results in an increase in the number of granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-c) and the CPF-responsive cells may be younger than the CFU-c. We have investigated the radiosensitivity and the pattern of the recovery after irradiation of CPF-responsive cells. We found that the radiosensitivity of CPF-responsive cells was significantly lower than those of CFU-c, burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-e) and pluripotent stem cells in vivo (CFU-s) and in vitro (CFU-mix). The CPF-responsive cells remained subnormal even at 28 days after irradiation of the mice, a time when the CFU-s and CFU-c had recovered completely. Therefore the CPF-responsive cells may constitute a separate compartment, namely 'pre-CFU-c', in the maturation sequence of granulopoiesis, and this maturation of the 'pre-CFU-c' to CFU-c seems to be highly stimulated after irradiation to counterbalance the influx from CFU-s. PMID- 6607774 TI - Migraine headache:--the prophylactic role of an isopyrin-phebuzine compound (Tomanol). PMID- 6607775 TI - Interference with tolerance induction of primed B cells by the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin. AB - The capacity to interfere with tolerance induction in primed B cells was examined. Previous work had shown that TNP-specific splenic B cells from mice primed and boosted with TNP-KLH are highly susceptible to in vitro tolerization upon a brief exposure to TNP on a carrier unrelated to KLH. In the present work it was found that tolerance induction in these primed B cells could be partially disrupted by addition of the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin, a B-cell mitogen, and adjuvant, during exposure of the B cells to tolerogen. Addition of Fc fragments prepared by papain digestion of human IgG interfered with tolerization routinely in approximately 30-60% of the spleen cells susceptible to tolerogen. Addition of whole IgG or Fab fragments had no effect on tolerance induction. As little as 5 micrograms/ml of the Fc fragment preparation significantly interfered with tolerization and 32-64 micrograms/ml was optimal. Disruption of tolerization was most effective when the Fc fragment was added to the spleen cells either 4 hr prior to tolerogen or simultaneously with tolerogen; addition of the Fc fragment 4 hr after exposure to tolerogen was significantly less effective. Disruption of tolerization by the Fc fragment was not through polyclonal activation of B cells, as antigen was required for generation of significant numbers of PFC to TNP. Also, disruption was not through expansion of low avidity clones of B cells insusceptible to tolerogen, as the avidity of the antibody produced with and without Fc fragments present was approximately the same. These results show that the Fc fragment of IgG can partially interfere with tolerization of primed B cells. The manner in which Fc fragments may function to prevent tolerization through its lymphoid cell stimulatory capacities is discussed. PMID- 6607776 TI - Interleukin 2 enhances natural killing of normal lymphocytes. AB - Purified Interleukin 2 (IL-2), free of interferon (IFN), significantly enhanced NK activity of normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). This enhancing activity was absorbed by IL-2 receptor-bearing cells but was not blocked by antibody to alpha-IFN. IFN in the culture supernatants was greatly increased after stimulation with poly(I:C) plus IL-2. There was less IFN produced by either modulator acting alone. Stimulation of PBMC with IL-2 and/or poly(I:C) increased the proportion of OKM1+ cells and anti-Leu-7+ cells. When cells expressing either surface antigen were specifically lysed to deplete NK, cytotoxic activity could be restored by overnight incubation in IL-2. This result suggests that IL-2 stimulates the development of NK cells from precursors that lack cell surface OKM1 or Leu-7. IL-2 acted directly on large granular lymphocytes and did not require the presence of adherent cells. These results suggest that IL-2 may act synergistically with other IFN inducers and may play an important role in the regulation of NK cells. PMID- 6607778 TI - Fetal thymic pre-T cells neither demonstrate nor develop natural killer cell activity. AB - The postulate made by some investigators that functional NK cells are of pre-T lineage remains highly controversial. The present study tested this possibility by adoptive transfer of fetal thymocytes, rich in pre-T cells, into aged syngeneic mice which show thymic involution and low or no splenic NK activity. Splenic NK activity of aged CBA/J mice at 1 or 3 days after intravenous injection of fetal thymocytes was measured with a 4-hr chromium-release assay. Another group received saline only and a third group received either thymocytes as above or saline, and were subsequently injected with the interferon inducer, poly(I:C), 12 hr prior to removal of their spleens for the NK assay. The results revealed that reconstitution with fetal thymocytes did not restore NK activity in aged mice at 1 or 3 days after thymocyte inoculation. Poly(I:C) treatment caused an elevation of NK activity in both thymocyte-injected and control mice. The spleens of aged hosts given young adult splenocytes, on the other hand, had significantly elevated NK activity over controls. Collectively, the results demonstrate that while the adult spleen contains functional NK cells, the fetal thymus, rich in pre-T cells, does not contain functional NK cells or NK precursors as detected by maturation into functional NK cells within 3 days in the aged secondary hosts. PMID- 6607777 TI - Surface antigen changes during B-lymphocyte activation in primates. AB - It is shown that B-cell-specific surface antigens are conserved on lymphocytes from phylogenetically distant primate species. Characterization of the expression of those antigens on the surface of simian B lymphocytes has led to two observations with important implications for human B-cell physiology. First, lectin stimulation in vitro or antigen stimulation in situ in lymph nodes drives a population of human B lymphocytes to express the B2 but not the B1 antigen on its surface. Second, under pathologic circumstances, this activated B cell can be found in the peripheral blood of monkeys. Thus, the "B2 only" cell defines an activated B lymphocyte whose presence may provide useful diagnostic information concerning pathologic processes. PMID- 6607779 TI - Cloning of B cells from autoimmune MRL-lpr/lpr and MRL.xid mice. AB - The relationship between colony formation (cloning) of B cells and their activation in murine autoimmunity was investigated in MRL-lpr/lpr and MRL.xid mice. Cells from MRL-lpr/lpr mice showed similar requirements for in vitro growth as normal CBA/J and BALB/c cells, with maximal colony formation in the presence of the supporting factors lipopolysaccharide and sheep red blood cells. The frequency of colony-forming cells from MRL-lpr/lpr spleens or hapten-specific B cell preparations was slightly greater than the two normal control strains, with this difference significant only for a comparison of BALB/c and MRL-lpr/lpr spleens. In contrast, MRL-lpr/lpr mice bearing the xid gene for B-cell immunodeficiency (MRL.xid) had markedly reduced B-cell colony formation. These mice nevertheless expressed anti-DNA antibodies, although at levels reduced from that of MRL-lpr/lpr controls. These results indicate that enhanced in vitro colony formation need not accompany B-cell hyperactivity in murine autoimmune disease and that autoantibody production can occur in mice with impairment in this growth property. PMID- 6607780 TI - Distribution of peanut agglutinin binding sites in rat lymphatic organs. AB - Distribution of peanut agglutinin binding sites was studied histologically with horseradish peroxidase labelled and fluorescein isothiocyanate labelled peanut agglutinin in terms of cell differentiation in rat lymphatic organs, (thymus, spleen, lymph nodes). In this study, alcohol-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections were used and proved to be useful for the histochemical study with peanut agglutinin. In the germinal center of the lymph node, cells were weakly positive for peanut agglutinin binding sites but not in the mantle zone of the lymph follicle. In the thymus, the cortical thymocytes were weakly positive for peanut agglutinin binding sites but not in the medulla. In the spleen, some cells on the periphery of the white pulp were weakly positive for PNA binding sites but cells around the central artery were not positive. Large cells with granular cytoplasma around the sinus of the spleen and lymph node, thought to be fixed macrophages, were strongly positive for PNA binding sites. PMID- 6607781 TI - Studies on the synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity of 2,6-di-tert butylphenols with a heterocyclic group at the 4-position. I. PMID- 6607782 TI - Studies on the synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity of 2,6-di-tert butylphenols with a heterocyclic group at the 4-position. II. PMID- 6607783 TI - Disturbance of 6-mercaptopurine metabolism by cotrimoxazole in childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia. AB - The effect of cotrimoxazole on the utilization of 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) was studied in a group of children receiving remission maintenance treatment for lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). This was done by measuring the level of an active metabolite of 6MP, 6-thioguanine nucleotide (6TGN), and comparing it both with the drug dose and with subsequent neutropenia in the presence or absence of concurrent cotrimoxazole. In children who were not taken cotrimoxazole, the concentration of 6TGN showed a significant positive correlation with the dose and a significant negative correlation with the absolute neutrophil count 2 weeks later. In those who were taking the antibiotic both these relationships were lost. This suggests that cotrimoxazole can interfere with both the absorption and the cytotoxicity of 6MP and may, in turn, alter its antileukaemic effect. PMID- 6607784 TI - Intracoronary thrombolysis in patients with acute myocardial infarction: comparison of the efficacy of urokinase with streptokinase. AB - The efficacy of intracoronary urokinase and streptokinase were compared in 80 patients with acute myocardial infarction in a prospective, randomized, double blind study. Urokinase was infused into the occluded coronary artery at 6000 U/min, and streptokinase was infused at 2000 U/min. Maximal duration of infusion was 2 hr. The frequency of successfully opening the artery was similar for patients receiving urokinase (27 of 45, 60%) and those receiving streptokinase (20 of 35, 57%). Fibrinogen levels after infusion were measured in 63 patients. Nineteen of 29 streptokinase recipients had fibrinogen levels less than 100 mg/dl compared with levels of two of 34 urokinase recipients (p less than .001). Five of 45 (11%) patients receiving urokinase and 10 of 35 receiving streptokinase (29%) had bleeding complications (p less than .05). Major bleeding after early coronary artery bypass surgery was more frequent in the streptokinase group (four of five compared with a similar group of patients receiving urokinase (none of five). This study demonstrates that while urokinase and streptokinase have equal intracoronary thrombolytic efficacy, patients receiving urokinase have less systemic fibrinolysis and less perioperative bleeding with early surgery than do patients receiving streptokinase. PMID- 6607785 TI - Coronary bypass surgery for unstable angina. PMID- 6607786 TI - Plasma of normal, but not atopic persons reducing basophil degranulation induced by anti-IgE. AB - The response to anti-IgE serum of basophils from allergic and normal persons in the presence of whole plasma or as washed cells in Tyrode solution was examined to detect any inhibiting activity of human plasma. A factor reducing the potential of anti-IgE serum to degranulate basophils was present in plasma of normal but not of allergic persons. It is considered that this property of plasma could contribute to homeostatic control in immediate hypersensitivity. PMID- 6607787 TI - Development of an agarose gel electrophoresis technique for determining alpha amylase isoenzymes. AB - Evaluation of alpha-amylase isoenzymes as a clinical diagnostic aid by previous methodologies has been either too insensitive or too cumbersome for routine clinical laboratory use. With use of an agarose gel electrophoresis system (Worthington Diagnostic Systems, Inc.) serum amylase activity can easily be resolved into at least nine isoenzymes, the resolution being comparable with that of isoelectric focusing. Samples can be analyzed in less than one working day, with use of conventional reagents. PMID- 6607788 TI - An international comparison of vitamin D metabolite measurements. AB - An international 19-laboratory survey was organized to compare assays for 25 hydroxyvitamin D, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in plasma. Each participant received two ethanolic standard solutions of each metabolite and eight plasma samples. Each laboratory used its usual procedures. Mean interlaboratory coefficients of variation (CVs) for the eight plasma samples were 35%, 43%, and 52% for 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, respectively. Average CVs for the standard solutions were 27%, 23%, and 25%, respectively. Of the eight plasma samples, five had the same concentration for one of the metabolites. One sample was diluted to 0.6 times its original concentration and three samples were fortified with one or more of the metabolites under investigation. Fourteen of 18 laboratories (78%) could distinguish between the five unchanged samples and the modified ones with their 25-hydroxyvitamin D assay. Nine of 12 (75%) could distinguish the modified samples from the other samples with the 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D assay. Only eight of 15 (53%) could do this their 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D assay. Values from different laboratories evidently cannot be intercompared without making an actual comparison of the assay procedures. Furthermore, in case of clinical applications of these assays, each laboratory should establish its own reference values and should continually use an internal reference sample to assess the precision of the procedures. PMID- 6607789 TI - Lysosomal glycohydrolases in normal T and non-T peripheral lymphocytes. AB - The optimal assay conditions and the levels of seven lysosomal glycohydrolases (alpha-D-galactosidase, beta-D-galactosidase, beta-D-glucosidase, beta-D glucuronidase, beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D glucoside acetamidodeoxyglucohydrolase), alpha-D-mannosidase, alpha-L-fucosidase) were determined in human peripheral unseparated lymphocytes, T and non-T lymphocyte subpopulations. From fifteen adult volunteers the enzymes were assayed by fluorimetric procedures using the corresponding 4-methylumbelliferyl glycosides as substrates. The enzyme assay procedures displayed good precision and reproducibility. All the tested enzymes had higher activities in non-T than T lymphocytes. This difference was statistically highly significant, especially when the enzyme contents were expressed on a DNA, rather than mg protein, basis. Unseparated lymphocytes displayed levels of lysosomal enzymes which corresponded to the proportion of T and non-T lymphocytes in the unseparated preparation, indicating that the process of lymphocyte fractionation caused neither loss nor activation of lysosomal enzymes. It is concluded that the observed difference in lysosomal enzyme levels is an authentic imprint of the two lymphocyte subpopulations, implying a differential role played by the lysosomal apparatus in the same cells. PMID- 6607790 TI - Effect of thymosin on glucocorticoid receptor activity and glucocorticoid sensitivity of human thymocytes. AB - Incubation with thymosin fraction 5, (TMS F5 at 300 micrograms/ml) a partially purified thymic factor, reduced the steroid binding activity of human infant thymocytes from 9.6 +/- 2.1 fmole/ml to 5.0 +/- 2.0 fmole/ml. The glucocorticoid receptor activity in normal infant thymocytes was found to be 2,146 +/- 726 (s.d.) sites per cell with dissociation constant of 1.4 +/- 0.6 X 10(-8)M. TMS F5 also increased the resistance of human thymocytes to the cytolytic effect of dexamethasone (2.5 X 10(-8)M) to 168.6 +/- 30.2% of control (P less than 0.01). In animals, medullary and peripheral blood T cells are more resistant to glucocorticoids than immature thymic T cells. The results show that thymosin can induce changes consistent with differentiation in human thymocytes. These in vitro results are consistent with a physiological role of thymosin in intrathymic T cell maturation in man. Incubation of a human malignant thymus derived T cell line (MOLT 3) with TMS F5 also resulted in a significant reduction of the number of steroid binding sites to 44.2 +/- 15.3% of control (P less than 0.05), but TMS F5 did not significantly reduce the glucocorticoid sensitivity of MOLT 3 cells. PMID- 6607791 TI - Cytokines and the chronic inflammation of rheumatic disease. I. The presence of interleukin-1 in synovial fluids. AB - Synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (13 cases), ankylosing spondylitis (six), psoriatic arthritis (two), osteoarthritis (three) and rubella arthritis (four) contain interleukin-1 (Il-1) activity as measured in the CH3/He mouse thymocyte assay. That this activity is Il-1 was shown by: (i) the time course of thymocyte stimulation; (ii) failure of PHA blast cells to absorb out the activity; (iii) molecular weight of 15,000-20,000 daltons, and (iv) ability to stimulate prostaglandin E2 production from synovial cells. These results indicate that IL-1 is an important mediator in the inflammatory pathway of different types of joint disease. PMID- 6607792 TI - Long term administration of cyclophosphamide in MRL/1 mice. I. The effects on the development of immunological abnormalities and lupus nephritis. AB - Weekly injection of cyclophosphamide (Cy) into MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/l) mice, at a dose of 10-20 mg/kg, from 1 month of age prevented the development of generalized lymph node enlargement, decreased serum levels of anti-DNA antibodies and immune complexes, and markedly prolonged their life span. Cy effectively suppressed enhanced differentiation of B cells, as evidenced by decreased number of immunoglobulin secreting cells in the spleen. Cy was also shown to suppress abnormal expansion of Thy-1 positive cells in lymphoid organs of MRL/1 mice. These results suggested that Cy prevented the development of murine lupus like syndrome in MRL/1 mice through suppression of spontaneous polyclonal B cell activation and also by reducing the number of T cells to exert excessive helper activity on B cells. PMID- 6607793 TI - Functional characterization of human thymocyte subpopulations separated by density gradient centrifugation. AB - A bovine serum albumin gradient was used to separate two populations of human thymocytes--a minority population (8%) of large thymocytes (LT) and a majority population (92%) of small thymocytes (ST). Fifty per cent of LT cells were in the S, G2 or M phases of the cell cycle compared to 5% of ST cells and 15% of unfractionated thymocytes. LT cells proliferated in response to T cell mitogens and included all of the T colony precursor cells (TCPC). In contrast, ST cells proliferated with mitogens only in the presence of added T cell growth factors and contained none of the thymocyte TCPC. ST cells neither helped nor suppressed the function of LT cells in any assay. This separation technique has provided a rapid method for isolating functionally distinct thymic lymphocyte subpopulations and permitted a further definition of the TCPC in the human thymus. Furthermore it should prove useful in studies of thymocytes at different stages of the cell cycle. PMID- 6607794 TI - Cyclophosphamide-induced changes in the MRL-lpr/lpr mouse: effects upon cellular composition, immune function, and disease. AB - MRL-lpr/lpr mice develop massive lymphadenopathy with excessive proliferation of T cells and associated immune abnormalities. To examine whether to not the disease process is intrinsic and irreversible, an immunomodulatory drug, cyclophosphamide, was administered to 16-week-old, sick MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Analysis of lymph node cells by flow cytometry from injected and control MRL lpr/lpr mice indicated that cyclophosphamide had a marked effect upon the lymphoid cellular composition. Whereas control lymph nodes had a very large number of abnormal dull Ly 1+ T cells and very few other cells, the cyclophosphamide-injected mice had normal T and B cells. The immune responses to a T-cell-dependent antigen, sheep red blood cells, and a T-cell mitogen, concanavalin A, were normalized in cyclophosphamide-injected mice as compared to controls. In addition, injected mice had prolonged survival, decreased arthritis, markedly reduced adenopathy and splenomegaly, improved renal histology, and significantly diminished autoantibody levels. This study suggests that the disease and associated immune abnormalities of MRL-lpr/lpr mice are reversible by selective elimination of the abnormal dull Ly 1+ T cells. PMID- 6607795 TI - Thymic involution in rats given diets containing dioctyltin dichloride. AB - Inbred rats fed diets containing 150 ppm dioctyltin dichloride (DOTC) demonstrated a progressive reduction in thymic weight. This was accompanied by a decrease in both the number of circulating lymphocytes and their ability to respond to mitogenic stimulation. Morphologically the thymuses from treated animals showed a loss of cortical thymocytes and a marked vacuolation of the reticular epithelial cells (REC). After return to normal diet for 4 weeks vacuolated REC were still present and PHA-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis remained low. Adrenalectomy failed to alter the atrophic action of DOTC on the thymus and although administration of hydrocortisone alone produced thymic atrophy, no damage to the REC was observed. The results show that thymic atrophy resulting from DOTC administration differs from that induced by steroids and lends support for the hypothesis that DOTC acts selectively on the thymus in such a way that the humoral function of the organ may be affected. PMID- 6607796 TI - Interferon-induced cytotoxicity and (2'-5') oligo(A) synthetase activity in T cells. Differences in responsiveness among T cells from various individuals and among lymphoblastoid T-cell lines. AB - Peripheral blood T lymphocytes became cytotoxic toward Daudi lymphoblastoid cells when incubated in vitro with interferon (IFN). The degree and rate of response to IFN varied markedly from one blood donor to another. "Low responders," who reproducibly showed a slower response to IFN, as well as "high responders" could be identified. The rate of increase in (2'-5') oligo(A) synthetase activity in IFN-treated cells also varied and appeared to correlate to the rate of increase in cytotoxicity. Three lymphoblastoid T-cell lines (Molt 4, Peer, HPB-ALL) also became cytotoxic towards Daudi cells when incubated with IFN and in these cells too the rate of induction of cytotoxicity appeared to correlate to the rate of increase in (2'-5') oligo(A) synthetase activity. Differences in responsiveness of T cells to IFN-mediated cytotoxicity might, therefore, reflect differences in responsiveness to IFN in general. Thus, quantitation of these differences might yield useful information for assessing the dosage and frequency of IFN administration to patients undergoing therapy. PMID- 6607797 TI - Immune response in experimentally induced uremia. VII. Uremic thymocytes amplify the response of control lymph node cells to alloantigens. AB - The effect of experimentally induced uremia in the rat on the synergistic response between thymus cells (TC) and lymph node cells (LNC) was examined. It was found that: (1) Uremic TC and LNC interact in a synergistic fashion which is greater than that observed for control cells; (2) The response of uremic LNC to alloantigens is suppressed when compared to the response of control LNC; (3) Uremic TC provide more help to control LNC in their response to alloantigens than do control TC; and (4) Treatment of uremic rats with cortisone acetate (CA) enhances their TC ability to amplify control LNC response to alloantigens. Thus, it appears that, while the response of uremic LNC to alloantigens is markedly suppressed, there are potent amplifier cells present in the thymus of uremic rats which have the ability to act in synergism with control LNC in response to alloantigens. This effect is significantly greater than the synergistic activity of control thymocytes. PMID- 6607798 TI - Administration of prednisolone in vivo affects the ratio of OKT4/OKT8 and the LDH isoenzyme pattern of human T lymphocytes. AB - Oral administration of prednisolone (in single doses of 10, 30, or 60 mg) to healthy volunteers was found to affect the T lymphocytes in the blood with regard to binding of monoclonal antibodies and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme pattern. The findings indicate that these effects are dependent on the dose of the drug and the time after the administration of the drug. Prednisolone induces a T lymphocytopenia in the peripheral blood that affects OKT4-positive lymphocytes more than OKT8-positive lymphocytes, resulting in a slight decrease in the ratio OKT4/OKT8. Moreover, the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme pattern changes, resulting in a decrease of the H/M ratio of this enzyme. The proliferative responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes are not affected after a single dose of 10 mg. However, after administration of either 30 or 60 mg of prednisolone, the proliferative responses are decreased to a different extent, depending on the stimulus used. In vitro experiments are presented showing that any effect of prednisolone on nonstimulated lymphocytes is reversible. Based on the observed changes in OKT pattern and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme profile of the T lymphocytes induced by administration of prednisolone, it is concluded that the drug induces a temporary depletion from the peripheral blood, preferentially of high-reactive T lymphocytes. As a consequence, the peripheral blood compartment is enriched for T lymphocytes with a low H/M ratio of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes, known to be less reactive to proliferative stimuli. PMID- 6607799 TI - T-lymphocyte subsets in human lymph nodes: relative increase of OKT-8+ cells in neoplastic and reactive B-cell proliferation. AB - Cell suspensions obtained from 54 human lymph nodes involved by different pathological conditions were characterized by conventional markers and by the OKT 3, OKT-4, OKT-8, OKIa-1, and OKM-1 monoclonal antibodies. In 18 cases of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, the majority of lymph node cells were mature T lymphocytes (E-RFC = 56 +/- 9%; OKT-3+ = 63 +/- 10%); among T-cell subsets, OKT-4+ cells were 49 +/- 8% whereas OKT-8+ cells were 21 +/- 8% (T4/T8 = 2.7 +/- 1.1). This distribution of T-cell phenotypes was not similar in the different histological types of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. In fact, an increase in the percentage of OKT-8+ cells (25 +/- 9%; P less than 0.05) and a decrease in the values of the T4/T8 ratio (2.1 +/- 1.0; P less than 0.05) were observed in 9 cases of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia of follicular type when they were compared to the mixed and sinus types. In 13 lymph nodes involved by B-cell lymphoma, the percentage of T lymphocytes was markedly reduced (E-RFC = 21 +/- 12%; OKT-3+ = 27 +/- 18%) and the percentage of OKIa-1+ cells (51 +/- 15%) was significantly (P less than 0.01) increased as compared to reactive nodes; in addition, in these cell suspensions, an increase in the relative proportion of OKT-8+ cells (T4/T8 = 1.4 +/- 0.7; P less than 0.01) could also be demonstrated. Finally, a clear prevalence of OKT-4+ cells on OKT-8+ cells was demonstrated in 5 cases of tuberculous lymphadenitis (T4/T8 = 3.9 +/- 1.5; NS) and in 18 cases of Hodgkin's disease (T4/T8 = 4.2 +/- 2.0; P less than 0.01). In tuberculous lymphadenitis, a significant increase (P less than 0.01) in the percentage of OKM-1+ cells could also be demonstrated. PMID- 6607800 TI - Studies of immune defective RIII/AnN mice. AB - The present study advances our knowledge of the newly described immunodeficient RIII/AnN mouse. This strain was found to have markedly reduced spleen size and low serum levels of IgM, IgA, IgG1, IgG2 alpha, and IgG2 beta. Studies of F2 and backcross mice demonstrated that the defective immunoglobulin production was due to multiple genes: a dominant gene for low IgA and recessive genes for the others. RIII mice, like xid-bearing mice, had a markedly reduced splenic plaque forming cell (PFC) response to Type III pneumococcal polysaccharide; however, unlike xid-bearing mice, the RIII/AnN mice produced substantial serum antibody responses to pneumococcal polysaccharide, polyriboinosinic . polyribocytidylic acid, and trinitrophenyl--Ficoll. In addition, spleen cells from RIII/AnN mice proliferated normally when stimulated with anti-mu, whereas those from xid mice did not. Thus, RIII/AnN mice represent a model of hypogammaglobulinemia and restricted immunodeficiency. They differ from other immunodeficient mice, and should assist in the analysis of immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, and regulation of class-specific immunoglobulin production. PMID- 6607801 TI - Mononuclear cell subsets in human renal disease. Enumeration in tissue sections with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Mononuclear inflammatory cells (MIC) in renal biopsies from 37 patients with renal disease were studied by avidin--biotin--immunoperoxidase complex (ABC) technique, utilizing monoclonal antibodies to cell surface antigens: T11 (total T), T4 (inducer/helper), T8 (suppressor/cytotoxic), B1 (B cells), M1 (monocytes), and Leu-7 (natural killer, NK cells). Renal MIC consisted mostly of T cells and monocytes. T cells were a predominating cell type in the renal interstitium of all patients studied (64-88% of MIC). The T4:T8 ratios ranged from 0.4 +/- 0.3 (mean +/- SEM) in interstitial nephritis to 2.5 +/- 0.9 in membranous glomerulonephritis. M1+ cells constituted from 10 to 62% of glomerular MIC and from 5 to 24% of interstitial MIC. Glomerular MIC were rare or absent in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgA N). These results support the concept that in situ interactions of T lymphocytes and monocytes may modulate the events leading to the development of human renal disease. The striking absence of glomerular MIC in IgA N could be related to persistence of immune deposits in the glomeruli of patients with this renal disorder. PMID- 6607802 TI - Mitogen-induced hyperproliferation response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with severe generalized periodontitis: lack of correlation with proportions of T cells and T-cell subsets. AB - Severe generalized periodontitis (SGP) is a localized inflammatory disease which differs clinically from common periodontitis in that it leads to remarkable extensive alveolar bone loss in relatively young adults. There is evidence that B cell responses to bacterial substances may play a major role in the pathogenesis of this disease. In the present report, we show that a B-cell mitogen from Actinomyces viscosus (AVIS) bacteria provokes a hyperproliferation response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) from these patients. In addition, AVIS stimulated PBMNC from SGP patients proliferate for longer periods in culture than do PBMNC from control subjects. There were, however, no differences between patients and controls in the numbers of immunoglobulin-secreting cells in these cultures as determined by an indirect plaque-forming cell assay. The possibility that differences in numerical proportions of regulatory T-cell subsets may play a role in the mitogen-induced hyperproliferation phenomenon is examined. PBMNC were stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated monoclonal antibodies OKT3, OKT4, and OKT8 in order to identify, respectively, total T cells, helper/inducer, and suppressor/cytotoxic subsets. Flow cytometric analysis of such specifically stained cell preparations from 14 control subjects and 14 SGP patients did not reveal any significant differences between the proportions of total T cells or T cell subsets of the two groups. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant correlations between the magnitude of proliferation responses and the proportions of total T cells or either of the T-cell subsets. PMID- 6607803 TI - Responses to T-cell and B-cell mitogens in autoimmune Palmerston North and NZB/NZW mice. AB - Palmerston North (PN) mice, a newly recognized model of systemic lupus erythematosus, were compared with autoimmune hybrid NZB/NZW mice in a study designed to examine spleen cell responsiveness to T-cell and B-cell mitogens. Modest reductions of responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) were noted in PN females after 24 weeks of age; these responses were reduced significantly in NZB/NZW females. In contrast, male PN and NZB/NZW mice responded actively to PHA and Con A throughout the first year of life. Responses to lipopolysaccharide were not affected by age or sex. Anti-DNA antibody levels, blood urea nitrogen, and glomerular histology were analyzed to determine if autoantibody production or renal failure correlated with suppressed mitogenic responsiveness. These factors, examined singly and together, were not as important as age. In this system, age and sex did not influence spleen cell responses to mitogens in normal CD-1 mice. Age and sex were of minimal importance in determining responses to T-cell mitogens in the recently defined PN model of autoimmunity. In contrast, age and sex exerted strong influences upon responses to PHA and Con A in the NZB/NZW model of lupus. PMID- 6607805 TI - Enkephalins--enhancement of active T-cell rosettes from normal volunteers. AB - Both methionine enkephalin and leucine enkephalin were found to increase significantly the active T-cell rosettes of normal volunteers. Neither enkephalin altered total T-cell rosettes. It is proposed that the endogenous enkephalins (methionine as well as leucine) have a role in cell-mediated immunity and T-cell function. PMID- 6607804 TI - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of splenectomized patients are unable to differentiate into immunoglobulin-secreting cells after pokeweed mitogen stimulation. AB - The function of B cells from the peripheral blood of splenectomized patients has been investigated at the cellular level. The peripheral blood of these patients contained normal numbers of mononuclear cells (MNC) spontaneously secreting IgG and IgM, but an increased amount of IgA-secreting cells. In contrast to MNC isolated from healthy controls, the patients' peripheral blood MNC were unable to differentiate into immunoglobulin-secreting cells in a pokeweed mitogen-driven culture system. Proliferation in response to pokeweed mitogen, however, was significantly higher with patient MNC as compared to control MNC. PMID- 6607806 TI - The influence of the lpr gene on B cell activation: differential antibody expression in lpr congenic mouse strains. AB - Spontaneous immunoglobulin production in four strains of lpr/lpr congenic mice was investigated to identify genetic interactions in lpr-induced polyclonal B cell activation. Sera were obtained from male and female lpr/lpr mice of the MRL, B6, C3H, and AKR strains as well as controls of +/+ genotypes. Antibody levels were compared at the time of peak response. Quantitative antibody determinations were performed by isotype-specific ELISA assays using responses to single stranded DNA (sDNA), mouse IgG, rabbit IgG, and keyhole limpet hemocyanin as models. Among the strains studied there were significant differences in the antibody levels observed, with the strain producing highest levels dependent on the response measured. Thus, MRL-lpr/lpr produced the highest levels of IgG anti sDNA while B6-lpr/lpr mice produced more anti-IgG than mice of other strains. Within each strain, the lpr gene appeared to affect the IgG more than the IgM response. A consistently high response by females was observed only in B6-lpr/lpr mice. These studies suggest that lpr-induced polyclonal B cell activation is influenced by the background genome with the extent of these genetic effects variable among responses. PMID- 6607808 TI - Pathogenesis and prevention of recurrent infection after Haemophilus influenzae bacteremia. AB - Recurrence of disease after Haemophilus influenzae bacteremia is relatively uncommon and may often be preventable. Three previously unreported and 11 reported occurrences in ten patients were evaluated in regard to pathogenesis. Recrudescence can be prevented by adequate culturing prior to therapy, proper treatment based on complete sensitivity testing and pharmacologic principles, and careful evaluation of clinical and microbiologic response. Relapse may be prevented in some instances by administering prophylactic rifampin to patients and close contacts who may be carriers of an infecting strain. Reinfections may be prevented through public health measures and the development of effective vaccines. PMID- 6607807 TI - XX T cells and XY B cells in two patients with severe combined immune deficiency. AB - Immunologic evaluation of two unrelated male infants with clinical and laboratory evidence of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) revealed T cells with a mature phenotype in the peripheral circulation of both patients although both had biopsy evidence of thymic alymphoplasia. Both had a normal number of T cells with a cytotoxic/suppressor surface marker (OKT8) but very few T helper cells (OKT4). Lymphocyte stimulation with the mitogens PHA, Con A, and pokeweed or with allogeneic cells resulted in no proliferation. However, addition of T cell growth factor, plus the phorbol ester TPA, to lymphocytes cultured with the T cell mitogen PHA did result in some proliferation of T cells. In both cases these T cells demonstrated an XX female karyotype and were probably of maternal origin. In contrast, proliferating B cells stimulated with Epstein-Barr virus demonstrated a normal XY male karyotype. The possibility that severe combined immune deficiency in these patients was the result of graft-versus-host disease induced by maternal lymphocytes is discussed. PMID- 6607809 TI - The use of chewing sticks in preventive oral hygiene. PMID- 6607810 TI - Reflections on the Sargenti N2 method of root canal therapy. PMID- 6607811 TI - Epidermoid carcinoma of the oral cavity following diagnostic roentgenographic examination in a patient with ataxia-telangiectasia. PMID- 6607812 TI - Effect of prior toothcleaning on biannual professional APF topical fluoride gel tray treatments. Results after two years. PMID- 6607813 TI - The effect of prior toothcleaning on the efficacy of topical fluoride treatment. Two-year results. PMID- 6607814 TI - The quantification of C3 fragments on erythrocytes: estimation of C3 fragments on normal cells, acquired haemolytic anaemia cases and correlation with agglutination of sensitized cells. AB - A sensitive method is described for the quantification of C3 fragments on erythrocytes. A radiolabelled monoclonal antibody, was used which was directed against a C3d determinant on all forms of cell bound C3. The number of C3 molecules on normal erythrocytes was estimated to be 420 +/- 140. The strength of the antiglobulin test increased from negative to 5+ over a range of only 850 C3 molecules (400-1250). A blood donor with a positive direct antiglobulin test was found to have 4800 molecules per cell whereas three cases of cold haemagglutinin disease with active haemolysis had from 16 000 to 52 020 C3 molecules per cell. This test has an application in the testing of acquired haemolytic anaemia cases with a positive direct antiglobulin test with C3 bound to the cells and in the standardization of sensitized cells used for testing antiglobulin reagents by various serological techniques. PMID- 6607815 TI - T-cell leukaemia presenting with hyperuricaemia, acute renal failure and gout. PMID- 6607816 TI - Comparison of coagglutination, latex agglutination, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b infection. AB - Two commercially available kits were compared to an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b antigen polyribophosphate in clinical specimens with infections proved by culture. Methods employed by the kits were latex agglutination (LA) and staphylococcal coagglutination (COA). The COA kit detects H. influenzae type b and types a and c f with a polyvalent antiserum, whereas the ELISA assay and the LA kit detect only type b. A total of 139 specimens (41 spinal fluid, 35 urine, 25 serum, and 38 sputum) were tested. All spinal fluid samples positive by culture were positive by all three procedures. Of urine specimens from patients with a variety of H. influenzae type b infections, 13 of 15 were positive by ELISA, 8 of 15 by COA, and 8 of 14 by LA. Of serum samples collected from the same patients at various times during their illness, 8 of 15 were positive by ELISA, 6 of 15 by COA, and 10 of 15 by LA. Of sputum samples positive by culture for H. influenzae type b, 14 of 17 were positive by ELISA, 9 of 17 by COA, and 4 of 16 by LA. The ability to detect additional serotypes of H. influenzae was shown by the COA kit, which detected H. influenzae type a in spinal fluid from a patient with type a meningitis proved by culture. PMID- 6607817 TI - Emergence of permanent teeth and onset of dental stages in Japanese children. AB - The purpose of the present cross-sectional study was to provide mean times of emergence of permanent teeth and onset of dental stages in Japanese children. A total of 1819 schoolchildren aged 6-15 yr were recorded. The results demonstrated specific sequences of emergence in the two arches and earlier emergence times in girls than in boys, both findings in keeping with investigations on other ethnic groups. Secular trend in tooth emergence was studied by comparing the results with data on Japanese children in 1934. The comparison revealed earlier mean times of emergence in general in contemporary Japanese. PMID- 6607818 TI - Massive diuresis after acute renal failure. AB - Polyuria, peaking at 2000 ml/h, was seen in a patient after resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock and a brief period of oliguria. This unusual polyuria appears to be a consequence of renal tubular dysfunction that persisted after glomerular filtration rate had returned to normal. PMID- 6607819 TI - Piroxicam versus naproxen in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Forty-five patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis were randomly allocated into two groups and treated with piroxicam 20 mg once daily or naproxen 250 mg twice daily in a 3-month, double-blind study. The results were available in 38 patients (21 in the piroxicam group and 17 in the naproxen group). Both drugs showed significant effects on the majority of clinical parameters compared to baseline. However, piroxicam was significantly superior to naproxen in reducing the grade of swollen joints. Moreover, piroxicam had better efficacy as shown by the number of patients who preferred it to previous therapy; 13 (62% of the patients entered) compared to 8 patients (47%) who preferred naproxen. Tolerance of the two drugs was similar. Two patients in each group dropped out due to side-effects. PMID- 6607820 TI - A multi-centre study of piroxicam in the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis in general practice. AB - An open, multi-centre, non-comparative study was carried out in general practice to assess the efficacy and tolerance of piroxicam in 159 patients with osteoarthritis and 27 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Initial dosage ranged from 10 to 40 mg piroxicam and all but a few patients continued treatment with 20 mg once daily. Mean duration of treatment was 47.5 days in the osteoarthritis group and 38.4 days in the rheumatoid arthritis group. Marked or moderate improvement was reported at the final visit by 68.6% and 87.7% of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis patients, respectively. The attending physician's assessment of efficacy indicated an excellent or moderate response in 89.3% of osteoarthritis patients and 84.7% of rheumatoid arthritis patients, with 71.2% of the former and 51.9% of the latter patients preferring piroxicam to the medication which was taken prior to the onset of the study. Highly significant numbers in each group reported an improvement in all parameters of disease activity. Side-effects, predominantly gastro-intestinal, were reported in 54 patients, but cessation of medication was required in only 14 patients. PMID- 6607821 TI - Neonatal lupus: a case report. AB - An infant boy born to an asymptomatic mother was found to have typical cutaneous and serologic findings of the neonatal lupus syndrome. Anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies were detected in both the mother and the child. Evaluation of the maternal grandmother who had been diagnosed with "lupus" was nondiagnostic. PMID- 6607822 TI - Leakage of low rectal anastomosis. An anatomic explanation? AB - Anastomotic leakage is particularly common in low anterior resection. This may be due to poor blood supply of the cut ends. Eighteen angiograms of the rectum were studied and a midline paucity of vessels was found both anteriorly and posteriorly. This may provide an anatomic explanation for dehiscence. PMID- 6607823 TI - Colorectal cancer screening by nurse practitioner using 60-cm flexible fiberoptic sigmoidoscope. AB - In a routine sigmoidoscopy clinic a specially trained nurse practitioner examined 825 patients between the ages of 23 and 88 with a mean age of 59. Seventy-two patients were found to have polyps; only eight of these patients had a history of rectal bleeding. Seventy-nine percent of these polyps were above 25 cm or beyond the reach of the rigid scope. Three patients with polyps were found to have cancer in the polyp. None of these patients had noted rectal bleeding. Significantly, there was a 10.6% yield of positive pathology among patients 50 and over. The training of the nurse practitioner is described in the article. PMID- 6607824 TI - [Actin filaments in the oocyte nuclei of the common frog]. PMID- 6607826 TI - [Bezoar with real and simulated complications]. AB - A 64-year-old patient with lower abdominal complaints "come un sasso nel stomaco" was admitted as an emergency with acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. There was a discrepancy between the clinically unremarkable abdomen and the large amounts of free air subdiaphragmatically on the left side as seen in the radiograph. Endoscopy did not contribute greatly due to presence of a large "coagulum". Surprisingly, at operation a huge phyto-bezoar measuring 15 x 8 x 8 cm, and a benign pressure ulcer in the great curvature were found. The perforation had only been mimicked, the air sickle was within the stomach and was demarcated by the round upper pole of the bezoar. PMID- 6607825 TI - [Diagnostic criteria in ankylosing spondylitis]. PMID- 6607827 TI - [Enzymes are the allergenic components of inhaled pancreatin]. AB - Pancreatic extracts had caused respiratory disease in five patients. Four of them were not atopic. In four cases alpha-amylase and in two cases trypsin could be identified as causative allergen using RAST and RAST-inhibition. In addition, demonstration of immunologic cross-reactivity between porcine and bovine pancreatin was possible. This most likely can be attributed to the structurally closely related enzymes alpha-amylase and trypsin occurring in both animal species. PMID- 6607828 TI - Single-dose antibacterial treatment for bacteriuria in pregnancy. PMID- 6607829 TI - [Angiodysplasia as a cause for colonic hemorrhage]. PMID- 6607830 TI - [Bacterial meningitis in childhood - analysis based on 130 cases]. PMID- 6607831 TI - Lymphangioma of the duodenum. AB - A case of lymphangioma of the duodenum is reported, and the literature pertinent to its pathology reviewed. This is the eleventh case reported, and the third in which the diagnosis has been made by endoscopy. The clinical and histological characteristics are important, on account of its presentation and its penetrating character into the neighbouring structures. The characteristics of this tumor seen during endoscopy are discussed. PMID- 6607832 TI - Dawn diarrhea. AB - A case of detergent-induced hemorrhagic colitis is presented. The endoscopic findings which were suggestive of a vasculitis, are depicted and discussed. PMID- 6607833 TI - Endoscopic bipolar electrocoagulation in upper gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - A new endoscopically deliverable bipolar electrocoagulator has been developed, and employed clinically to treat upper gastrointestinal bleeding in 53 patients on 61 occasions. By direct application of the electrode to the bleeding vessels immediate hemostasis was achieved in 52 out of 53 bleeding vessels. Non-bleeding visible vessels were safely coagulated. Arrest of bleeding was permanent in 44 patients (83%), of whom 20 were candidates for emergency operation because of massive, continued or recurrent bleeding. Rebleeding after hemostasis by bipolar electrocoagulation was noted in 8 patients (15%); however, the majority of rebleeds were those with acute mucosal lesions who had serious underlying medical problems. Emergency operation was performed in 5 patients, and was averted in most patients after successful hemostasis by bipolar electrocoagulation. There were no complications related to the procedure. Bipolar electrocoagulation with our coagulator is a safe and easily applicable technique that is a promising addition to currently available endoscopic hemostatic methods. PMID- 6607834 TI - Susceptibility of gram-negative bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus to combinations of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid. AB - Four hundred and fifty-nine blood culture isolates were tested for susceptibility to ticarcillin alone and ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid, a potent beta lactamase inhibitor. The susceptibilities of the Staphylococcus aureus strains to cloxacillin, methicillin, vancomycin, rifampicin, cefoperazone, ceftriaxone and moxalactam and of the gram-negative strains to Augmentin, azlocillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin, cefoperazone, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefsulodin and tobramycin were also measured. Seventy-one percent of staphylococcal strains were beta-lactamase positive. In the presence of clavulanic acid the ticarcillin spectrum was extended to include beta-lactamase producing Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens and Klebsiella. All the ticarcillin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae were rendered ticarcillin-sensitive by clavulanic acid. The anti-Pseudomonas activity of ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid differed little from that of azlocillin and piperacillin and was comparable to that of the third generation cephalosporins. The combination of ticarcillin with clavulanic acid should be tested in the treatment of patients with infections caused by ticarcillin-sensitive and ticarcillin-resistant bacteria. PMID- 6607835 TI - Adenine nucleotides affect the binding of 3-phosphoglycerate to pig muscle 3 phosphoglycerate kinase. AB - Pig muscle 3-phosphoglycerate kinase was complexed with 1-anilino-8 naphthalenesulfonate (ANS) in order to monitor the binding of substrates to the enzyme. The enzyme-dye interaction did not influence the enzymic activity under the experimental conditions used. By measuring the substrate-dependent change in the fluorescence emission of ANS molecules tightly bound to the enzyme (Kd less than or equal to 0.05 mM), fluorimetric titrations were carried out in 0.1 M Tris/HCl buffer pH 7.5, containing 5 mM mercaptoethanol, at 20 degrees C. The dissociation constants obtained for the separate bindings of 3-phosphoglycerate, MgATP, 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and MgADP were 0.03 +/- 0.01 mM, 0.15 +/- 0.10 mM, 0.00005 +/- 0.00001 mM and 0.15 +/- 0.10 mM respectively. binding of 3 phosphoglycerate is weakened when MgATP is also bound to the enzyme: the dissociation constant of 3-phosphoglycerate in this ternary complex (0.25 +/- 0.08 mM) is comparable to its Km value (0.38 +/- 0.10 mM). The same weakening can be observed in the non-productive ternary complexes where MgATP is replaced by MgADP (Kd = 0.20 +/- 0.10 mM) or AMP (Kd = 0.12 +/- 0.05 mM), whereas adenosine has no such effect. This indicates the importance of the negatively charged phosphate(s) of nucleotides in influencing the binding of 3-phosphoglycerate. In contrast to 3-phosphoglycerate, the binding of the substrate analogue, glycerol 3 phosphate is practically not affected by the presence of MgATP: the dissociation constant to the free enzyme (0.40 +/- 0.10 mM) is comparable to its inhibitory constant (0.70 +/- 0.20 mM). This finding and the similarity of the dissociation constant of glycerol 3-phosphate binding (0.40 +/- 0.10 mM) and the Km value of 3 phosphoglycerate (0.38 +/- 0.10 mM) suggest that, during the enzymic reaction, binding of 3-phosphoglycerate occurs probably without involvement of the carboxyl group. PMID- 6607836 TI - Tight junction structure in relation to transepithelial resistance in the frog choroid plexus. AB - In this communication we report observations on the tight junctions of the frog choroid plexus obtained by thin section and freeze-fracture electron microscopy. It is shown that the choroid plexus epithelial tight junctions comprise a relatively high number (mean 5-6, range 3-10) of continuous, anastomosing strands. This is remarkable in relation to: (1) recent observations that the frog choroidal epithelium has a very low transepithelial resistance, and (2) current concepts of the proportional relationship between transepithelial resistance and number of tight junction strands. It is concluded that there exists a marked lack of correlation between tight junction structure and function in the frog choroid plexus epithelium. PMID- 6607837 TI - Experimental pancreas imaging study with 13N-glutamate using positron computer tomography. AB - Accumulation of 13N-L-glutamate in the pancreas was experimentally evaluated by tissue distribution studies and by positron computer tomography imaging studies. The pancreas and salivary gland of Donryu rats exhibited a high rate of 13N glutamate uptake. The percent administered dose/g of pancreas was 3.8 at 20 min, 4.4 at 30 min after injection, and the pancreas to liver ratio was 1.9 and 2.5, respectively. The same results were obtained with Golden hamsters. The role of the feeding protocols was studied to optimize the technique. The fasting group showed a significantly higher uptake in the pancreas than in the free feeding group. The uptake in the fasting followed by a high protein meal group was higher than fasting only group, but the difference was not significant. Positron emission tomography of a miniature-pig with 13N-glutamate showed a clear image of the pancreas with the highest activity. It was concluded that 13N-glutamate was quite useful in positron imaging of the pancreas. PMID- 6607838 TI - Generalized lymphadenitis following B.C.G. vaccination in an immunocompetent 12 year-old boy. AB - An immunocompetent, healthy 12-year-old boy was presented with generalized large lymphadenopathy in the left side of the body, 1 month after a BCG vaccination with a regular dose. A Mantoux test before vaccination was negative. Histological and bacteriological findings from the largest lymph node biopsy revealed BCG'itis. The patient recovered spontaneously after 7 months. He was confirmed as being immunocompetent by normal serum immunoglobulin levels, normal B and T cell function tests, and a conversion of Mantoux test. BCG infections including lymphadenitis are rare and have been described hitherto mainly in infants, in immune deficient patients, or related to overdose. Such a complication must be taken into consideration when dealing with lymphadenopathy in healthy school-age children, who now undergo BCG vaccinations in many countries. PMID- 6607839 TI - Inhibition of T cell proliferation by antibodies to synthetic peptides. AB - While T cell proliferation to antigen in the presence of antigen-presenting cells is well known to be readily inhibited by antibodies directed against Class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (Ia/HLA-DR) products, it has not been possible to inhibit proliferation by antibodies directed against the antigen. Because of the implications of these observations for targets of T cell recognition, this phenomenon was reinvestigated using human T cell clones, recognizing a small (24 amino acid) synthetic peptide (termed p20) derived from the influenza hemagglutinin-1 molecule. It was found that proliferation of clones to p20 was inhibited efficiently (less than 90%), using p20 as antigen, and rabbit anti-p20. Inhibition was possible either by coculturing p20 antigen and antibody to p20 with cloned T cells and antigen-presenting (E-) cells, or by pulsing antigen-presenting cells with antigen prior to a brief incubation with antibody before washing the E- cells and using them to stimulate cloned T cells. These results do not indicate why previous attempts had failed, but in view of the different techniques available now (cloned T cells, small synthetic polypeptides, and antibody raised against polypeptide) we investigated the influence of these parameters. It was found that, using cloned T cells, the form of the antigen was of importance, as antibody inhibition of the response to hemagglutinin or whole influenza A was much less apparent. These differences were interpreted as being due to greater access of anti-p20 to p20 than to hemagglutinin or influenza. If uncloned T cell lines were used, inhibition was also much harder to detect. This was interpreted as masking of inhibition of the response of some clones in the line by interleukin 2-induced recruitment. PMID- 6607840 TI - Neurotoxicity of the meperidine analogue N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine on brain catecholamine neurons in the mouse. AB - The effect of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (NMPTP) on central monoamine neurons in mice was investigated using histo- and biochemical techniques. NMPTP (2 X 10 mg/kg i.v.) produced a rapid and long-lasting reduction (-30%) of striatal dopamine, while the dopamine levels were only transiently reduced in mesencephalon and frontal cortex. HVA and DOPAC were initially markedly reduced (-50 to -70%) in striatum while a marked recovery was found in the chronic stage. NMPTP also induced a long-term reduction of noradrenaline in striatum and frontal cortex while 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-HIAA levels were essentially unaltered. The data indicate a neurotoxic action of NMPTP on both dopamine and noradrenaline nerve terminals in mouse brain. PMID- 6607841 TI - Changes in deoxyadenosine production during human lymphocyte mitogenesis. AB - Immunodeficient children who lack the purine metabolic enzyme adenosine deaminase have markedly elevated plasma concentrations of 2'-deoxyadenosine and adenosine. However, little information exists concerning the magnitude of endogenous 2' deoxyadenosine and adenosine synthesis by normal human hematopoietic cells. In the present experiments, we have used the sensitive technique of high performance liquid chromatography to quantitate changes in 2'-deoxyadenosine and adenosine production during human lymphocyte mitogenesis. In the presence of the adenosine deaminase inhibitor deoxycoformycin, human T lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and non-T lymphocytes stimulated with formalinized Staphylococcus aureus Cowan strain I, excreted 2'-deoxyadenosine into the cell medium. The nucleoside was detectable as early as 20 h after addition of mitogen. The time course of 2'-deoxyadenosine excretion correlated with the uptake of [methyl-3H]thymidine into nucleic acid. Mitogen-stimulated human lymphocytes produced only minimal amounts of adenosine. The results suggest that increased 2' deoxyadenosine synthesis and release may normally accompany human lymphocyte mitogenesis. PMID- 6607842 TI - Human umbilical cord conditioned medium: a stimulus for human CFU-G. AB - Segments of human umbilical cord have been used to prepare a highly active conditioned medium (HUCCM) for in vitro human granulopoiesis and have been compared with human placenta conditioned medium (HPCM) and feeder layers. The HUCCM produced more colonies on day 7 than HPCM (P less than 0.001), and colonies consisted almost exclusively (over 98%) of granulocytic cells by both morphological and cytochemical analysis. The HUCCM-stimulated colonies have a short culture life, the number of colonies being maximal on day 7 of culture with few colonies remaining on day 10. The main source of the colony-stimulating activity in the umbilical cord was found in the Wharton's Jelly component. PMID- 6607843 TI - Double fluorochrome analysis of human bone marrow lymphoid cells: studies with terminal transferase and anti-T-cell monoclonal antibodies. AB - Mature thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes are generally believed to be derived from a bone marrow progenitor cell. Data from studies with animals suggest that the enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (Tdt) is expressed in many T-cell progenitors in bone marrow. In this study we attempted to identify Tdt+ bone marrow cells in man that may be committed to T lineage based on coexpression of Tdt and antigens that have previously been useful in characterization of thymocytes or peripheral-blood T cells. We used a panel of ten monoclonal antibodies against such antigens to analyze Tdt+ bone marrow cells using two color immunofluorescence. We found that T-cell-associated antigens were not expressed on Tdt+ bone marrow cells and that T cells in bone marrow have a phenotype similar if not identical to peripheral-blood T cells. These results support the hypothesis that many postthymic immunocompetent T cells are found in human marrow. Our results also suggest that if Tdt+ bone marrow cells are committed to T lineage, then the acquisition of mature T-cell-associated antigens is an intrathymic event. PMID- 6607845 TI - Failure of cyclosporin-A to induce immunological unresponsiveness to nerve allografts. AB - Although some allografts bearing major and minor transplantation antigens can survive after the cessation of immunosuppression with cyclosporin-A (Cy-A), nerve allografts do not. In an attempt to induce immunological unresponsiveness to nerve allografts, we used grafts containing only minor transplantation antigens and varied the duration of Cy-A therapy from 2 to 12 weeks. Our results demonstrated that nerve allografts survived in rats during Cy-A therapy, but when the drug administration ceased, the allografts were rejected. Other factors besides the degree of histoincompatibility and duration of Cy-A treatment must be involved in determining whether or not unresponsiveness develops to allografts after Cy-A withdrawal. We conclude that nerve allograft immunosuppression generated by Cy-A requires regular administration of the drug. PMID- 6607844 TI - Biological and biochemical properties of a serum factor that stimulates splenic hemopoiesis in mice. AB - Some biological and biochemical properties of a distinct hemopoietic factor that stimulates splenic hemopoiesis in mice are described. This factor can be detected by measuring the increase in the number of in vitro hemopoietic colony-forming cells (CFCs) in the spleens of mice after transfer of serum from syngeneic donors that have been treated previously with the bacterial cell-wall components: lipid A or lipoprotein. Serum collected 5 min after the IV injection of lipid A contained almost no splenic hemopoiesis-stimulating factor (SHSF). The highest serum levels of the factor were found between 30 min and 3 h after lipid A was injected IV. The residual levels of lipid A or lipoprotein in the serum of treated mice were too low to account for their splenic hemopoiesis-stimulating effects. A component of SHSF in both post-lipid-A serum (PLAS) and postlipoprotein serum (PLPS) bound to concanavalin A (Con A)-Sepharose and could be eluted by alpha-methyglucopyranoside (0.05 M). Partial fractionation of PLAS using Con A-Sepharose and gel filtration (Sephacryl S-200) indicated that the SHSF glycoprotein had an apparent molecular weight of 30,000 daltons. SHSF was detected in serum in response to lipid A and lipoprotein, but this was separable (by gel filtration) from the major form of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in PLAS. PMID- 6607846 TI - The effect of charatoxin, 4-methylthio-1,2-dithiolane, on the frog sartorius neuromuscular junction. AB - The insecticide 4-methylthio-1,2-dithiolane, named charatoxin, blocks the frog muscular twitches elicited through the neuromuscular junction. The activity level and the course of inhibition is comparable to that of 4-dimethyl-amino-1,2 dithiolane, nereistoxin. PMID- 6607847 TI - Increase of lymphocytic H-Y antigen in female 21-hydroxylase deficiency. AB - H-Y antigen was found to be increased in lymphocytes from 10 female 21 hydroxylase deficiencies, suggesting a correlation between the degree of virilization of these patients and their H-Y + lymphocytes proportions. Furthermore, these findings demonstrate the ability of a 46,XX female subject to produce, in some circumstances, an excess of H-Y antigen. PMID- 6607849 TI - 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D stimulates creatine kinase BB activity in chick cartilage cells in culture. AB - In chick limb-bud cartilage cell cultures 24R,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (24R,25(OH)2D3), but not 24S,25(OH)2D3, 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 or 25(OH)D3, stimulates the activity of the brain type (BB) isozyme of creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2), the 'estrogen-induced protein' first identified in rat uterus. Cultures treated with bromodeoxyuridine, in which cartilage formation is inhibited, show no stimulation of creatine kinase BB by 24R,25(OH)2D3. PMID- 6607848 TI - Research on heterocyclic compounds. XV. Substitution influence on the pharmacological activity in a series of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines. AB - We have taken into consideration a group of 28 imidazo [1,2-a]pyridine derivatives, some of which were already known, whereas the others have been synthesized and characterized to complete the series. Antiinflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and ulcerogenic activities of such compounds were evaluated in comparison with indomethacin. The pharmacological data demonstrated the effects exerted on activity by the presence on the heterocyclic system of methyl substituents and/or an acidic moiety. PMID- 6607850 TI - A case of mixed chancre. AB - A 39-year-old Norwegian seaman developed penile ulcerations after sexual contact overseas. The diagnosis of syphilitic chancre and of chancroid was confirmed. The ulcers healed after combined treatment with benzathine penicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. PMID- 6607851 TI - Age--related heterogeneity of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - One hundred and thirty-three insulin-dependent diabetic (IDD) patients were genotyped for HLA-A, B, C, DR and 123 of them for Bf. The study shows a relationship between these genes and the age of onset of diabetes and emphasizes the possible heterogeneity of the disease. When patients under the age of 0 years at the onset of the disease were compared with those aged 11 to 29 years, a significant excess of HLA-B18 (41% versus 15%, p less than 0.001) and BfF1 (40% versus 21%, P less than 0.05) was observed. The haplotype B18, BfF1 was also more frequent in the first group of patients (haplotype frequency 18% versus 6%, p less than 0.02). The frequency of the whole haplotype Cw5, B18, BfF1, DR3 and of its segment BfF1, DR3, and the strength of the gametic associations between these alleles were much higher in IDD patients than in non-diabetic controls, irrespective of the age of onset of their diabetes. The association between early age of onset of IDD and the B18, BfF1 haplotype independently of DR3 (no association between age and DR3) suggests that a factor influencing the onset of the disease in young children could be under the control of (1) gene (s) in linkage disequilibrium with B18 and/or BfF1. PMID- 6607852 TI - Induction of thymus-dependent immunity in athymic nude rats by transplantation of allogeneic cultured thymic epithelium. PMID- 6607853 TI - Diet and immune response in nu/nu Balb/c mice. PMID- 6607854 TI - T cell functions in nude mice: lack of secondary antibody response in vivo. PMID- 6607855 TI - Alloreactive cytolytic T lymphocyte precursor cells in aged C57Bl/6 nu/nu mice: frequency and cell surface phenotype. PMID- 6607856 TI - Ability of nude mice to generate alloreactive, xenoreactive and H-2-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses. PMID- 6607857 TI - Childhood injuries. III: Epidemiology of non-motor vehicle head trauma. AB - The spectrum of children's head trauma, excluding that caused by motor vehicles and child abuse, was investigated by examining 197,561 injuries treated in hospital emergency rooms during 1978. Such injuries accounted for 11 per cent of emergency-room visits. Preschool children had the highest rate of head injury, and among infants under one year these injuries accounted for 40 per cent of the total injuries treated in emergency rooms. Concussion occurred in one-fifth of adolescent cases. Fractures occurred in a relatively small percentage, but infants under one year had the highest rate (6 per cent). Most injuries to younger children occurred at home; among older children they occurred most often during sporting or recreational activities. The implications of these findings for preventive efforts are discussed. PMID- 6607858 TI - A proliferation-associated rat cell surface antigen recognized by a murine monoclonal antibody. AB - B3 murine IgG1 monoclonal antibody against BC47 rat bladder cancer detected an antigen distributed on the cell surface of neoplastic cells and proliferating normal tissue cells. The percentage of B3 antigen-positive cells in lymphocytes was increased by mitogen stimulation. The molecular weight of the antigen was 130,000 or 140,000 daltons. PMID- 6607859 TI - [Digestive hemorrhage under anticoagulant treatment. Retrospective analysis of a series of 178 consecutive cases]. AB - The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics, prognosis and epidemiological pattern of gastrointestinal bleeding occurring in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy. From 1971 to 1981, among 3,194 consecutive patients admitted to a gastrointestinal unit because of acute gastrointestinal bleeding, 178 were under anticoagulant therapy (i.e. antivitamin K and heparin or heparin derivative in respectively 85 and 13 p. 100 of the cases). Fourteen percent of these 178 patients had also taken gastrotoxic drugs before the bleeding occurred. Indications for anticoagulant therapy were as follows: ischemic heart disease (21 p. 100), arrhythmias (20.3 p. 100), venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism (15.8 p. 100), arteritis (10.8 p. 100), aortic, coronary or peripheral arterial grafts (8.4 p. 100), prophylaxis of venous thrombosis (8.4 p. 100), valve prosthesis (7.3 p. 100). The lesion responsible for bleeding was found in 80 p. 100 of the cases. Surgical hemostasis was required in only 4 patients. Ten patients died (2 postoperatively). During the study period, the incidence of bleeding associated with anticoagulant therapy in the group of patients admitted to the unit with gastrointestinal hemorrhage increased from 1.5 p. 100 to 8.0 p. 100. This fact appeared to be closely related to new indications (valve prosthesis, arterial grafts, prophylaxis of venous thrombosis) and to an increased incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding especially in association with acenocoumarol treatment. These results show that, although occurring in a high risk population, gastrointestinal bleeding related to anticoagulant therapy generally has a favorable outcome. They also suggest that a prospective epidemiological study may be of interest to determine the reasons for the increasing incidence and to propose preventive measures. PMID- 6607860 TI - Interleukin 2 activity of human intestinal mucosa mononuclear cells. Decreased levels in inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Interleukin 2, a soluble product of activated T lymphocytes, is of central importance in the development of an appropriate T-cell immune response. Defects in the production of or response to this lymphokine have been described in a variety of immune deficiency and autoimmune states, thus suggesting a role in the pathogenesis of such disorders. To investigate potential abnormalities of interleukin 2 in inflammatory bowel disease, we measured its activity in cultures of intestinal mucosa mononuclear cells derived from Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients. Lamina propria mononuclear cells from inflamed and control tissues were incubated with phorbol myristate acetate, and the amount of the lymphokine in the supernatants was quantitated in a biological assay using cloned, interleukin 2-dependent, cytotoxic mouse T-cell lines. We found that, in culture supernatants of cells from both forms of inflammatory bowel disease, interleukin 2 levels were significantly lower than those detected in cultures containing cells from histologically normal mucosa. Low levels were not correlated to duration, clinical activity, and anatomical location of the disease process or corticosteriod therapy. Deficient activity of this essential growth factor could contribute to abnormal T-cell proliferation and clonal expansion at the gut mucosal level, perhaps inducing a defective immune response leading to a chronic inflammatory reaction in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. PMID- 6607861 TI - Rhythms of cell proliferation in the hindlimb epidermis of control and thyroxine treated Rana pipiens tadpoles. AB - Labeling and mitotic index rhythms were studied in premetamorphic tadpoles under an LD 12:12 with the light phase beginning at 0800 hr. In a 72-hr experiment, control labeling and mitotic index curves showed a peak in the light and a peak in the dark with labeling index rhythms of 12.4, 17.7, and 23.6 hr and a 21.4-hr mitotic index rhythm. Thyroxine (T4) treatment resulted in a marked elevation of labeling index by 24 hr and of mitotic index by 48 hr, obscured the control bimodal pattern of peaks, and altered the rhythms. During the first 3 days of T4 treatment, a labeling index rhythm of 22 hr and a mitotic index rhythm of 37.5 hr occurred. However, additional work demonstrated that the dominant control rhythms of labeling and mitotic indices returned in the T4-treated during Days 4 and 5. The same pattern of change in labeling index occurred during Day 3 of T4 treatment when hormone administration began at different times in the diurnal phase of the light-dark cycle. The findings suggest that cell proliferation rhythms can be temporarily disturbed by an exogenous T4 stimulus without apparent reference to the phase of the circadian rhythm. PMID- 6607862 TI - Temporal effects of infused corticosterone and aldosterone on plasma glucose levels in the American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). AB - The effects of a single infusion of corticosterone or aldosterone on plasma glucose levels were compared in the American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). The corticoids were administered, and serial blood samples were collected, via a cannula placed in the common iliac artery. Plasma glucose was estimated by the glucose oxidase method. Plasma glucose levels were essentially unchanged from the time-zero levels at 3 hr after the infusion of 1.0 mg/100 g body wt of corticosterone. The levels subsequently increased to maxima that were approximately 45% greater than the time-zero levels at 9 through 24 hr and then declined to approximately the initial levels by 48 hr after treatment. Infusion of 0.24 mg/100 g body wt of aldosterone did not significantly alter plasma glucose levels. The results suggest that elevated circulating corticosterone is not involved in the primary hyperglycemic response to a stress, but may function synergistically and sequentially with elevated circulating catecholamines in subsequent compensatory adjustments. PMID- 6607864 TI - Variation of the origin, the course and branching of posterior cerebral arteries in man. PMID- 6607863 TI - [Pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) in the serum of women with malignant genital neoplasms]. PMID- 6607865 TI - Subarcuate fossa. PMID- 6607866 TI - Comparative morphology and topography of cranial parasympathetic ganglia connected with the trigeminal nerve in mouse, rat and hamster (Mus musculus L. 1759, Rattus norvegicus B. 1769, Mesocricetus aureatus W. 1839). Part I. Otic ganglion. PMID- 6607867 TI - Satellite cells of chicken's muscles. PMID- 6607868 TI - [Increase in pulmonary resistance induced by Forssman antiserum in guinea pigs]. AB - Intravenous injection of Forssman antiserum produced a diphasic increase in pulmonary resistance in guinea pigs. The first increase (phase I) occurred with 20 sec latency after injection of Forssman antiserum. The second increase (phase II) occurred immediately thereafter, and this lasted more than 30 min and was irreversible. In the lung, hemorrhages and edema were evident. Hemorrhagic fluid was noted in the bronchiole and the alveoli. Polymorphonuclear leucocytes aggregated in the capillary lumen. The endothelial lining of the venule had been destroyed. Phases I and II were not blocked by DSCG. These were completely blocked by cobra venom factor and carrageenin. Isoproterenol, salbutamol and aminophylline selectively blocked phase I. Also, aminophylline weakly blocked phase II. Cyproheptadine blocked phase I, but chlorpheniramine did not. In contrast, indomethacin and aspirin selectively blocked phase II. Superoxide dismutase significantly blocked phase II, but inactivated superoxide dismutase and catalase did not. The present findings suggest that activation of the complement system appears to be essential for the induction of the increase in pulmonary resistance mediated by Forssman antiserum. Phase I is probably due to the contraction of the respiratory tract. Serotonin may be one of the substances for this contraction. In contrast, phase II is due to disintegration of the endothelial lining and extravasation of hemorrhagic exudates into the respiratory tract. Prostaglandins and/or superoxide radical may take part in the phase II response. PMID- 6607869 TI - [Effect of adenosine triphosphate-magnesium chloride administration for post ischemic acute renal failure (I)]. AB - Models of post-ischemic acute renal failure were prepared in rats. The effects of adenosine triphosphate-magnesium chloride (ATP-MgCl2) administration following renal ischemia on possible changes in renal function and renal cellular metabolism following ischemia were studied using the model. The results obtained revealed the following: 1) Over 40 minute-renal ischemia led to significant lowerings of renal cellular ATP level and energy charge (EC) by as much as 45 to 57% and 4.1 to 7.4% of the control, respectively, at 90 min following re establishment of renal blood flow. Significant increases in Na+ in renal tissues were observed, but no changes in K+. Further, lactate level in renal tissues tended to increase with prolonged ischemic time by as much as 27 to 31% of the control, with a renal cellular anaerobic metabolism observed. On the other hand, at 24 hr following recirculation of the kidney, plasma creatinine (P-Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and fraction excretion of sodium (FENa) increased significantly, and creatinine clearance (C-Cr) and urine osmotic pressure decreased significantly, as compared with the control, indicating ischemic acute renal failure. 2) Intravenous injection of ATP-MgCl2 at a dose of 25 mumole/kg and a rate of 1.0 mumol/min after 40 min of renal ischemia led to significant lowerings of P-Cr, BUN and FENa to 36, 35 and 35% of the control (injected with physiological saline solution), respectively, and to significant elevation of C Cr and urine osmotic pressure by as much as 41 to 31% of the control respectively, at 24 hr after reperfusion. The above results suggested that the ischemic acute renal failure was caused by the decreases in renal cellular ATP and EC with ischemia, resulting in renal cellular metabolic disturbances. It was further suggested that ATP-MgCl2 administered for such a pathological condition could make significant improvements in renal function. PMID- 6607870 TI - [Glycoconjugate cell surfaces as markers of differentiation and malignancy]. AB - The composition of cell membrane-associated glycoproteins and glycolipids is changed during differentiation. Moreover, normal mature cells differ from transformed ones in regard to their glycoconjugate profile. These differences have been analyzed, by means of lectins, concerning intrathymic lymphocytes, T lymphoma cell lines as well as epithelial carcinomas and tumor cell lines. It was found that lectins recognize molecular structures of the cell membrane which are characteristic of certain developmental stages of intrathymic T-lymphocyte differentiation and, moreover, "tumor"-associated determinants on T-lymphomas as well as on epithelial carcinoma cells. PMID- 6607871 TI - [The effect of interference current on the neuromuscular system. II]. PMID- 6607872 TI - [Is the HLA-DR associated glycoprotein p31 a ubiquitous molecule?]. AB - The glycoprotein p31 (also called Ii, In, M1, Dr gamma, XM 1) has been shown up to now only in the membranes of B lymphocytes as well as of epidermal and endothelial cells, where it is always accompanied by antigens of the HLA-DR type. It is therefore called HLA-DR-associated protein. As we show here, the membranes of muscle, liver and brain contain protein molecules with the relative molecular mass Mr = 31 000-33 000 and an isoelectric point around 7.5. These parameters correspond to those of the p31 of B lymphocytes. These molecules, as well as the p31 of B lymphocytes, can be concentrated by ion exchange chromatography. In two dimensional electropherograms they are identical to those of B lymphocytes. It can therefore be assumed that the po 31 is not really associated with the HLA-DR antigens but is a ubiquitous molecule. PMID- 6607873 TI - A computerized psychiatric treatment planning system. AB - The authors describe a computer-assisted psychiatric treatment planning system developed at the Jerry L. Pettis Memorial Veterans Hospital in Loma Linda, California. Using the File Manager, a VA-developed data base management system, they have developed a comprehensive, flexible system for writing, retrieving, and analyzing psychiatric treatment plans. The system permits rapid entry and retrieval of required treatment plans and produces a document that is clinically expressive and readable. It stores clinical data that may be analyzed for research, quality assurance, and management purposes. The authors discuss design philosophy, practical aspects of implementation, staff acceptance, and future applications to structured medical records. PMID- 6607874 TI - Assessment of functional adequacy of coronary artery bypass grafting by treadmill testing. PMID- 6607875 TI - Mitogenicity of Naegleria fowleri extract for murine T lymphocytes. AB - The whole-killed pathogenic free-living amoeba, Naegleria fowleri, contained mitogenic activity (NFM) for mouse spleen cells. Similar preparations from the non-pathogenic amoeba N. gruberi and the pathogenic Acanthamoeba culbertsoni lacked mitogenic activity. Fluids from N. fowleri cultures, containing amoeba antigens, also failed to cause proliferation of mouse spleen lymphocytes. Spleen cells from athymic nude mice failed to respond to NFM. In addition, nylon wool non-adherent, but not the adherent, spleen cell subpopulation proliferated in the presence of NFM. These results show that the factor(s) is mitogenic for T lymphocytes. The spleen cells from mice treated with cyclophosphamide doses known to deplete T suppressor cell activity from this organ failed to respond to NFM, indicating that NFM may be mitogenic for T suppressor cells. PMID- 6607876 TI - Cellular responsiveness in vitro: the effect of mycobacterial glycopeptides, glycolipids and peptidoglycolipids on the in vitro growth of haemopoietic colony forming cells. AB - Incorporation of glycopeptide, glycolipid and peptidoglycolipid preparations from the culture fluid or organisms of a variety of mycobacterial species in suboptimally stimulated cultures of normal mouse bone marrow cells increased the responsiveness of colony-forming cells to colony-stimulating factor, as measured by enhanced colony formation. Possible mechanisms of action and the significance of enhanced colony growth in relation to the mode of action of mycobacterial adjuvants are discussed. PMID- 6607877 TI - T-cell subset analysis of cryopreserved human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. AB - A criticism of current techniques for monitoring changes in T-cell subset numbers over extended periods in individuals with disease states in which such changes might provide insight in the fact that serial samples taken are usually analysed fresh and therefore not in the same assay. To try to overcome this problem we have stored peripheral blood mononuclear cells frozen in liquid nitrogen and thence examined their ability to form sheep red blood cell (E) rosettes and to label with OK monoclonal antibodies. Results obtained show that cell viabilities following freezing and T-cell subset analysis of E-rosette positive cells are no different when fresh or frozen and subsequently thawed peripheral blood mononuclear cells are used. PMID- 6607878 TI - Endocytosis of class II histocompatibility antigens and formation of intracytoplasmic granules at the final differentiation stage of human B lymphocytes. AB - The expression of histocompatibility antigens was investigated using several human lymphoid cell lines representative of different maturation stages of the B cell lineage. Class II HLA antigens were found at the surface of all cell lines. However, in the myeloma cell line U266, an intracellular macrovesicular pool of these antigens was found in some cells. It originated from microvesicular endocytosis of the surface antigen, subsequently leading to cells bearing HLA class I but not class II antigens. Since the latter play a major role in cellular interactions regulating B-cell differentiation, this phenomenon may be linked to the final stage of maturation of B lymphocytes into plasma cells. PMID- 6607879 TI - Low percentage of T mu cells in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. AB - The percentage of T mu cells in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients is markedly reduced. The T gamma population appears normal. PMID- 6607880 TI - Activation of T lymphocytes by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate is resistant to inhibition by cyclosporin A. AB - Cultured T lymphocytes from pig blood can be activated by the phorbol ester 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Activation is additive with that induced by the mitogenic lectin phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Activation by TPA differs from that induced by PHA or other mitogenic lectins in that it is not inhibited even by high concentrations of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A (CS-A). Neither co-culture of lymphocytes with PHA and TPA nor addition of culture supernatants from TPA-stimulated cultures affected the sensitivity to CS-A of the response to PHA. PMID- 6607881 TI - Identification of subpopulations of T lymphocytes and Ia positive B lymphocytes using a rosette assay based upon the biotin-avidin interaction. AB - Bovine erythrocytes were coated with avidin using a chromic chloride coupling technique and used successfully in an indirect rosette assay to identify and quantitate: (a) T-lymphocyte helper and suppressor subpopulations, and (b) Ia positive B-lymphocyte populations. Using mouse monoclonal antibodies to the T lymphocyte markers OKT3, OKT4, and OKT8 it was shown that the proportion of OKT4 and OKT8 positive cells were respectively 60.9 and 39.2% of the total OKT-3 positive T lymphocytes. In a similar way, using a monoclonal anti-human Ia antibody, the percentage Ia positive cells in B-lymphocyte enriched preparations was shown to vary between 18 and 55% for normal peripheral blood and 31 and 58% for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia derived peripheral blood. PMID- 6607884 TI - Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). PMID- 6607882 TI - B-L antigens (class II) of the chicken major histocompatibility complex control T B cell interaction. AB - The detailed study of the genetic control of T-B cell interactions in the chicken has been hampered by the lack of defined major histocompatibility complex (MHC) recombinant chicken lines. In the present study we have used some recently described MHC recombinant chicken lines separating regions encoding antigens that are homologous to class I and class II antigens of mammals in adoptive bursa cell transfer experiments, in which bursa cells from newly hatched chicks were transplanted into cyclophosphamide (Cy)-treated chicks. Subsequent immunizations of the recipients with a thymus-dependent antigen (SRBC) and a thymus-independent antigen (Brucella abortus) showed that the generation of germinal centers in the spleen and the production of antibodies to SRBC required identity between donor and recipient class II antigens (B-L antigens), whereas response to Brucella antigen did not require identity at any of the known MHC loci of the chicken. The results thus reveal that also in the chicken class II (B-L) region genes encode cell-surface glycoproteins that serve as restriction elements in T-B cell cooperation. PMID- 6607885 TI - Endoscopy in the management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in pediatric patients. PMID- 6607883 TI - Evidence that Ly-5 product of T and B cells differ in protein structure. PMID- 6607886 TI - Intermittent unexplained rectal bleeding in childhood. PMID- 6607887 TI - Fenfluramine-induced head-twitch response in mice and its modification by certain drugs influencing the central 5-hydroxytryptamine function. PMID- 6607888 TI - Persistent Cryptosporidium infection in congenitally athymic (nude) mice. AB - Nude (nu/nu) BALB/c mice and their white (nu/+) littermates were experimentally infected with Cryptosporidium sp. at 6 days of age. In white mice, the infection was transient, but in nude mice a persistent infection developed that was characterized by diarrhea and, occasionally, death. There were villus atrophy and crypt hyperplasia in the small intestine of infected nude and white mice necropsied at 11 days of age. Persistently infected nude mice had, in addition to the above small intestinal lesions, diffuse cystic mucosal hyperplasia and crypt abscesses in the large intestine at 56 days of age. These results suggest that T cells are required for recovery from the Cryptosporidium infection but are not required for epithelial cell loss in cryptosporidiosis. Both nude and white mice appeared to be relatively more resistant to Cryptosporidium infection at 42 days of age than at 6 days of age. PMID- 6607889 TI - Susceptibility and tolerance of beta-lactamase-producing, methicillin-sensitive strains of Staphylococcus aureus towards seven broad-spectrum penicillins. AB - The activity of penicillin G, ampicillin, carbenicillin, ticarcillin, azlocillin, mezlocillin and piperacillin against 102 beta-lactamase-producing, methicillin sensitive strains of Staphylococcus aureus was determined by agar dilution (method A) and broth microdilution (method B) techniques. By NCCLS breakpoint criteria, 4% of the strains were "sensitive" to penicillin and ampicillin, and almost 100% were "sensitive" to the other drugs when method A was used. Results with method B were only significantly lower as far as the cumulative percentage of strains "sensitive" to azlocillin, mezlocillin and piperacillin was concerned (63-71%). Bactericidal effects at "sensitive" levels were observed in 0-2% (penicillin, ampicillin), 31-35% (carbenicillin, ticarcillin) and 10-14% (azlocillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin). While differences in MIC and MBC levels ranged from 0 to 8 dilution steps, tolerance (a greater than 32-fold difference) was seen in at least 9-22% of all strains (depending on the drug tested); experimental limitations, however, excluded a determination of tolerance in all our strains. In a semi-quantitative nitrocefin assay, "strong" beta-lactamase production was correlated to high MIC and/or MBC levels. PMID- 6607890 TI - Inhibition of primary and secondary IgE-response by a schistosome-derived inhibitory factor. AB - Schistosome-derived inhibitory factor (SDIF) previously shown to inhibit lymphocyte proliferation, markedly decreased the primary IgE response of rats immunized with dinitrophenylated ovalbumin (DNP-OVA) when injected either simultaneously or shortly after antigen administration. No effect however was observed when SDIF was injected before the immunization. An inhibition of non-IgE anti-DNP antibodies was also found in SDIF-treated rats although the decrease was lower than with IgE antibody. IgE responses of both low and high IgE responder rats were reduced but a lower dose of SDIF was required in the case of high IgE responder Brown Norway rats. When SDIF was only given at the time of priming, the secondary IgE response was no longer modified. However, the administration of SDIF together with the second injection of the antigen induced marked decrease in the secondary IgE response. The effects of SDIF on primary and secondary IgE responses could be attributed to the inhibitory activity of the parasite-derived factor on lymphocyte proliferation. The observed inhibition of secondary IgE antibody responses confers to SDIF a pharmacological interest in allergic diseases. PMID- 6607891 TI - Staphylococcus aureus inhibits contact sensitivity to oxazolone by activating suppressor B cells in mice. AB - Killed Staphylococcus aureus strain Cowan I cells inhibit contact sensitivity to oxazolone in mice, when given intravenously 24-72 h before sensitization. With transfer experiments it was found that the cells responsible for the suppression are antigen-specific, nylon-adherent, resistant to antitheta serum + C, and sensitive to anti-mouse Ig serum + C. These suppressor B cells bear anti oxazolone immunoglobulins and appear to exert their suppressive activity by preventing the contact sensitizer from reaching the specific reactive T cells. PMID- 6607892 TI - Differentiation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia from reactive lymphocytosis by the mouse red cell rosette assay. AB - The differential diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) from other neoplastic and nonneoplastic lymphocytoses may be difficult, even when optimal clinical and laboratory data are available. The mouse red cell (M) rosette assay has been valuable in distinguishing normal and lymphomatous lymphocytes from those of CLL. Not yet tested is the ability of this test to separate reactive (benign) lymphocytes from morphologically similar but neoplastic cells of CLL. In the present study, lymphocytes of 58 subjects with CLL, reactive lymphocytosis, and healthy controls were evaluated for M rosette formation, in addition to the usual B and T cell markers. Lymphocytes from patients with CLL showed a marked increase in the ability to form M rosettes in comparison to those from normal controls and patients with reactive lymphocytosis. The formation of M rosettes was a more reliable marker for CLL than surface membrane immunoglobulin. PMID- 6607893 TI - Phenotypes associated with tumor rejection mediated by cyclophosphamide and syngeneic tumor-sensitized T lymphocytes: potential mechanisms of action. AB - The phenotypes of the affector and effector cell populations involved during the induction of permanent tumor regression by combined therapy using cyclophosphamide (CY) and immune spleen cells were identified. Permanent tumor regression was dependent on the presence of Thyl+ Lyt-2+ lymphocytes in the immune spleen cell population that was injected i.v. 2-4 h after an intraperitoneal injection of CY (240 mg/kg) into C57BL/6J mice bearing 1.0-1.5 g. MCA/76-9 or MCA/76-64 sarcomas. Histological evaluation after the combined treatment indicated an intense influx of putative lymphocytes 6-10 days after the combined treatment, over and above the inflammatory response involving macrophages and neutrophils induced by CY treatment alone. These infiltrating cells were shown to be T lymphocytes, most of them having the Lyt-1 and Lyt-2 antigens on their cell membrane. Isolated MCA/76-9 or 76-64 tumor-associated cells (TAC), lymphocytes (TAL) and macrophages (TAM) inhibited MCA/76-9 or 76-64 tumor growth respectively in a Winn test in an immunologically specific manner, having no effect on the growth of the B6 sarcoma cells, MCA/76-45 and 77-23. The tumor-free mice from the Winn test were not resistant to a subsequent challenge inoculum of either MCA/76-9 or 76-64 cells. Isolated TAC were usually non specifically cytotoxic in vitro, while TAL and TAM showed some degree of specificity. The overall data indicated that the ultimate rejection of those tumor cells remaining after the direct anti-tumor action of CY had been dissipated was probably mediated by the combined action of TAL and TAM. PMID- 6607894 TI - Gingival hyperplasia caused by nifedipine--a preliminary report. AB - We observed marked gingival hyperplasia, similar clinically and histologically to the hyperplasia caused by 5:5 sodium diphenylhydantoin (Dilantin) during the last 18 months in five patients treated by nifedipine. Histologically, marked epithelial hyperplasia-acanthosis, with moderate inflammatory reaction in the lamina propria, was observed in all the biopsy specimens. Evidence points to a strong relationship between the gingival hyperplasia and the administration of nifedipine. PMID- 6607895 TI - Effect of left ventricular aneurysmectomy on exercise performance. AB - We performed pre- and post-operative exercise testing on 12 patients with coronary artery bypass surgery and ventricular aneurysmectomy and 2 patients with ventricular aneurysmectomy alone. Most patients showed better exercise performance, higher double product, better work capacity and were able to exercise longer. Two patients who had ventricular aneurysmectomy alone showed similar changes. Most patients showed improved New York Heart Association functional classification and exercise performance after surgery. PMID- 6607896 TI - The relationship of oxygen uptake to superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in human skeletal muscle. AB - A considerable amount of evidence now makes it clear that aerobic tissues require an elaborate enzyme system to remove the harmful reaction products of oxygen reduction. A portion of this protective system has been studied in human muscle and rat tissues. The VO2 max as well as the superoxide dismutase and catalase activity of vastus lateralis muscle of 12 healthy, male subjects was measured. The subjects with a high aerobic capacity (VO2 max greater than 60 ml . kg-1 . min-1) had significantly greater levels of both superoxide dismutase and catalase. There was also a linear relationship between both superoxide dismutase and catalase and VO2 max. The tissue oxygen consumption, and enzyme activity of the liver, heart, lung, and gastrocnemius from 24 rats was also studied. There VO2 and tissue enzyme activity of both superoxide dismutase and catalase. PMID- 6607897 TI - Biological maturation, body composition, and growth of female gymnasts and control groups of schoolgirls and girl swimmers, aged 8 to 14 years: a cross sectional survey of 1064 girls. AB - The aim of this study was primarily to investigate differences in onset and progression of puberty, body composition, and growth between groups of young female gymnasts, schoolgirls and girl swimmers, and secondly to determine the relations between the pubertal events and body composition, especially the amount of body fat, or training activities. In 1980, 1981, and 1982, 668 female gymnasts, 298 schoolgirls and 98 girl swimmers were examined. The gymnasts were subdivided into three different groups, namely, the talented, the nontalented, and the selection group. The onset of puberty and menarche was delayed in the gymnastic groups by about 1 or 2 years compared to the schoolgirls and girl swimmers. The gymnasts were on average smaller than the schoolgirls and girl swimmers. These differences became even more pronounced after the age of 10 years. This may be caused by a delayed growth spurt within the gymnastic groups in combination with self-selection. Furthermore, the gymnasts were leaner than the other two groups: the girl swimmers had a greater fat mass and a greater lean body weight, while the schoolgirls had more fat mass. Relations were found between the parameters of pubertal development and calculated fat mass and also between breast development, pubic hair growth and age, body height, body weight, and calculated lean body weight. Only in the swimming group were training hours per week related to body height, body weight, lean body weight, and pubic hair growth. PMID- 6607898 TI - Influence of DNA binding on the formation and reactions of tryptophan and tyrosine radicals in peptides and proteins. AB - The rate constant of the one-electron oxidation of the tryptophan (Trp) or tyrosine (Tyr) residues by Br- X 2 radical anions is strongly decreased when the peptides are bound to DNA. Oxidation by N X 3 is much less affected by binding. These results can be explained by electrostatic repulsion between the charged polyphosphate backbone and the Br- X 2 radicals. Once oxidized, the interacting aromatic residues react with the DNA in a first order process with a rate constant of the order 10(3) s-1. These results have been extended to the single strand binding protein: the product of gene 32 of phage T4 (gp 32). The pulse radiolysis study suggests that one Trp residue of the protein oxidized by the Br- X 2 radicals reacts with the DNA in the complex while one Tyr residue is buried upon association. It is also shown that the exposure of Trp and Tyr residues to radical attack depends on whether the T4 SSB protein is bound to native or heat denatured DNA. PMID- 6607899 TI - Implications of tissue target-cell survival-curve shape for values of split-dose recovery doses: late versus early effects. AB - Recent data from this laboratory on split-dose recovery for early and late effects in pig skin are consistent with the linear-quadratic model for cell survival, and with relative cell survival-curve shapes for early- and late-effect target cells where the early-effect cells have an initially steeper and straighter survival-curve than the late-effect cells. PMID- 6607900 TI - Neonatal oocyte development and selective oocyte-killing by X-rays in the Chinese hamster, Cricetulus griseus. AB - The process of ovarian development in neonatal Chinese hamsters aged between 0 and 16 days was studied histologically and quantitatively in both a non irradiated group and an irradiated group. In the latter, ovaries were exposed to a single dose of 1 Gy X-rays on days 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 after birth. All oocytes on day 0 were at pachytene, and nearly all of them seemed to develop to dictyate by day 10. A quantitative analysis of age-dependent changes in the distribution of oocytes showed that a marked spontaneous degeneration of oocytes took place twice, i.e. during pachytene (day 0 to day 4) and dictyate (day 12 to day 14). Oocytes of this species were found to be very radioresistant at pachytene, but to become sharply sensitive during the phases between diplotene and early dictyate, suffering an almost complete oocyte-killing after 1 Gy. However, they recovered radioresistance after the onset of the resting stage. The changing aspects of radiosensitivity in the Chinese hamster were shown to be far more marked than in the mouse and the rat, which have been observed by previous investigators. PMID- 6607901 TI - The effect of storage of blood on the yield of X-ray-induced chromosome aberrations and spontaneous sister chromatid exchanges. AB - Heparinized whole blood of man and muntjac (Indian barking deer) was stored at 5, 22 and 37 degrees C for varying durations up to 168 hours and then exposed to 2.0 or 3.0 Gy of X-rays. The yield of dicentrics and other aberrations scored in first post-irradiation metaphases from lymphocytes of both man and muntjac did not vary significantly. However, a marked increase in the proportion of first division metaphases at a given sampling time due to delay in cell cycle progression was noticed in lymphocyte cultures set up from stored blood. There was a relatively higher proportion of first division metaphases in cultures of blood stored at the frequency of spontaneous SCEs was observed in lymphocyte cultures set up from stored and fresh blood. PMID- 6607902 TI - Radiation-induced structural changes in membrane proteins of human erythrocytes and ghosts and the relation to cellular morphology. AB - Isolated human erythrocytes and ghosts were irradiated with X-rays under different experimental conditions. The effect of the radiation treatment was examined with regard to the structure of membrane proteins as well as to the morphology of whole cells and ghosts. From sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis it is concluded that spectrin (band 1 and 2) is the most radiosensitive of the membrane proteins examined. X-irradiation of cells and ghosts induced covalent cross-linking of a small fraction of membrane proteins. In the protein aggregates thus formed spectrin was found to be the major component. Molecular disulphide (-SS-) bridges seemed to account for part of the cross-links observed. Some nondisulphide cross-links were also found, especially when ghosts were irradiated. Significant amounts of spectrin aggregates were formed during post-irradiation incubation at 37 degrees C but not at 4 degrees C. In the intact cell a transformation in shape from discocyte to echinocyte accompanied the process of post-irradiation spectrin aggregation. The characteristics of both processes, such as their reversibility with adenosine, point to a metabolic involvement. It is shown that there is no causal relationship between the two phenomena observed. The possible cause of the post irradiation effects and the parallelism with similar processes in nonirradiated metabolically depleted cells is discussed. PMID- 6607903 TI - Possible association of membrane and nuclear changes in gamma-irradiated rat thymocytes. AB - gamma-irradiated rat thymocytes were incubated in medium containing fresh rat serum. After 6 hours in culture, an equal dose dependency was noted for nuclear pyknosis and the loss of surface receptors to autologous erythrocytes. Decreased rosette formation preceded the expression of pyknosis. A possible relation between the membrane changes and pyknosis during interphase death of the thymocytes is discussed. PMID- 6607904 TI - Theoretical and clinical aspects of the tonsillar function. AB - A general review of the state of the art in tonsillar function research is given. A proliferation of B lymphocytes, evoked by antigens and/or polyclonal activators, occurs in the tonsil. Such a process, i.e. the supply of B cells to the organism facilitating a number of immune reactions, is to be considered the main function of the tonsil. The formation of antibodies must be regarded as a by effect caused by an intratonsillar defence mechanism; it is helpful in safeguarding the structural and functional integrity of the organ. A model of the tonsil on the basis of cybernetics is derived from the results obtained and from the histological structure of the organ. Tonsillar involution is characterized by a decline in B cell proliferation, eventually leading to a weakening of the intratonsillar defence mechanism. Genetic disposition and defective functioning of the intratonsillar defence mechanism are discussed as pathogenetic factors in tonsillitis. PMID- 6607905 TI - A new procedure for the treatment of bleeding esophageal varices by transgastric azygo-portal disconnection. AB - Eighty-eight patients with bleeding esophageal varices due to portal hypertension underwent splenectomy and devascularization of the upper half of the stomach and the abdominal esophagus. A Hegar dilator no. 17 was introduced into the esophagus through a gastrotomy. A ring of separated stitches was applied at cardia level, the needle being inserted as far as the metallic surface so as to include the entire wall of the esophagus. Complete interruption of all gastroesophageal vascular communication was thus obtained. After suture of the gastrotomy, a Nissen or Lind's fundoplication was performed. In 62 (70.45%) patients, the immediate postoperative course was uneventful, 21 had non-lethal complications, 13 had abdominal evisceration, six pulmonary complications, four subphrenic abscesses, five patients died, two in hepatic coma, two after reoperation for subphrenic abscess and one after massive hemorrhage due to an acute gastric ulcer. Forty-three patients (48.8%) developed transient ascites which disappeared before they were discharged from the hospital. In thirteen patients (15.6%), the hemorrhage recurred. Of the 32 patients operated one to two years ago, only one rebled. Of the 35 patients operated three to five years ago, nine rebled and three, of the 16 patients operated from five to seven years ago, rebled. With radiological and endoscopic investigations, reduced varices were seen above the suture line, in many cases, passively filled up with blood returning from the azygos vein. Reflux esophagitis was observed in 17 patients who had had a Lortat Jacob procedure to reduce the His angle; of these, eight rebled later. No gastroesophageal reflux was seen after Nissen or Lind's fundoplication. No fistulae, dysphagia or stenosis was observed. PMID- 6607906 TI - Protective barrier effect of the posterior lens capsule in exogenous bacterial endophthalmitis--an experimental primate study. AB - Ten eyes of five Rhesus monkeys underwent extracapsular lens extraction. The right eye of each monkey was allowed to retain an intact posterior capsule. The left eye of each monkey had a wide primary capsulectomy with minimal anterior vitrectomy. In order to exclude operative contamination, we waited 2 to 3 weeks later to challenge the eyes with bacteria. Seventy-two hours after anterior chamber injection of equal numbers of Staphylococcus aureus, diagnostic cultures were obtained from the anterior chamber and vitreous and correlated with the clinical findings. Injection of 10,000 S. aureus produced culture-positive endophthalmitis in eyes that had undergone posterior capsulectomy, but it failed to produce endophthalmitis in fellow eyes with intact posterior capsules. This suggest that a significant barrier effect against the development of bacterial endophthalmitis exists in the eyes with intact posterior capsules. PMID- 6607907 TI - Parameters influencing the expression of IgA antibodies in tears. AB - Rats were immunized repeatedly with dinitrophenylated type III pneumococcal vaccine by the intravenous (IV), subcutaneous (SC), gastrointestinal (GI), or ocular/topical (OT) routes at biweekly intervals. IgA anti-DNP antibodies were measured in serum, tears, saliva, bronchial, and intestinal washings, obtained 7 days after the third and sixth immunizations, using a solid phase radioimmunoassay. The GI route most effective at eliciting and maintaining IgA antibody responses in tears. The OT group displayed markedly diminished IgA response frequencies and antibody levels in tears following prolonged immunization. These data show that repeated central mucosal (gastrointestinal associated lymphoid tissue) stimulation maintains a local IgA response in tears, while continued topical antigen stimulation does not. Isoelectric focusing was used to probe the spectral complexity of the IgA antibodies of individual animals undergoing GI and OT immunization. The reduction of spectral complexity and the decreased responses following OT immunization appear to reflect a diminution of IgA antibody producing cells in the lacrimal gland. The concomitant changes in spectral components and maintenance of responsiveness of the GI group suggests that central mucosal site stimulation provides the lacrimal compartment with a continuous but variable population of IgA antibody producing cells. PMID- 6607908 TI - Lymphocyte population and transformation studies in chronic brucellosis. PMID- 6607909 TI - Sex reassignment in a girl with 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency. AB - A two-month-old infant was referred to our department because of a short penis (2 X 1.2 cm). No testes were palpable. Acceleration of growth and bone age were observed. Laboratory results showed that serum urea, nitrogen, electrolytes and urinary sodium excretion were all normal. However, levels of serum testosterone (2.1 ng/ml), 17-OH-progesterone (1.8 ng/ml), and 11-deoxycortisol (33 ng/ml) were all high. Urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids and tetrahydro-s (tetrahydro pregnane-3 alpha, 17 alpha, 21-triol-20-one) were also very high. Analysis revealed a 46 XX chromosome; laparoscopy revealed normal internal female genitalia. The abnormal concentrations of metabolites were corrected by cortisol acetate treatment. Thus, the diagnosis of virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia (11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency) was confirmed. Under our guidance the parents raised the infant as a girl. Reduction clitoroplasty and reconstruction of female external genitalia were performed at the age of 22 months. Early medical, psychological and surgical treatment of children with virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia should enable them to become normal adults. PMID- 6607910 TI - The effect of patients' perceptions on return to work after coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 6607911 TI - Epidemiology for nutritionists: 3. The design of studies. AB - For convenience of the reader epidemiological studies are described here as being of cross-sectional, retrospective, prospective or interventional design. PMID- 6607912 TI - Functional characteristics and differential expression of class II DR, DS, and SB antigens on human melanoma cell lines. AB - Although most cultured melanoma cell lines express DR Class II molecules, many of these do not also express the DS (MB) Class II molecules as detected by a monoclonal antibody specific for DS. Cells lacking either DR or DS molecules or both could only be induced to express DR antigens in rare cases by combined incubations with azacytidine and Interleukin-2 conditioned medium, although the expression of DR molecules on fibroblasts or U937 monocytes could more easily be induced under the same culture conditions. Melanoma cells expressing DR antigens could function in antigen presentation for the histocompatibility antigens themselves and for DR specific presentation of TNP determinants to allogeneic T cells sensitized to TNP modified lymphocytes and showing restriction in their responses to the specificity of the DR molecules expressed on the original, autologous sensitizing cells. DR positive melanoma cells could not, however, be demonstrated to function in the presentation of any of the soluble antigens tested. All DR positive melanoma cells also expressed SB antigens, but these were not detected on DR negative melanoma cells. These studies collectively indicate that the expression of Class II histocompatibility antigens on diverse cell types is subject to differential regulatory control and is associated with differences in their functional activities. PMID- 6607913 TI - Vestibular dysfunction caused by squamous cell carcinoma involving the middle ear and inner ear in two cats. PMID- 6607914 TI - In-vitro and in-vivo antibacterial activity of imipenem against clinical isolates of bacteria. AB - Imipenem, a derivative of thienamycin, a carbapenem antibiotic, has a broad spectrum of activity against aerobic (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) and anaerobic bacteria. It is quite stable to all tested beta-lactamases produced by various species of bacteria isolated from clinical specimens, whether plasmid or chromosomally mediated. One exception is its hydrolysis by the beta-lactamase produced by Pseudomonas maltophilia which is thus usually resistant to imipenem. Imipenem was found to be hydrolysed by renal dehydropeptidase-I residing on the luminal surface of the renal tubular epithelium. A dehydropeptidase-I inhibitor, cilastatin (MK-0791) was developed with specific inhibitory activity toward the renal dehydropeptidase-I and showed detectable effects in humans. PMID- 6607915 TI - Inducible beta-lactamases and non-hydrolytic resistance mechanisms. PMID- 6607916 TI - Cephalosporin-resistance in the Bacteroides fragilis group and the effect of clavulanic acid. AB - Thirty-five beta-lactam-resistant isolates of the Bacteroides fragilis group were examined for the susceptibility to eight cephalosporins, alone, and in combination with a subinhibitory concentration of the beta-lactamase inhibitor, clavulanic acid. The majority of strains tested became fully susceptible to cephaloridine, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone in the presence of clavulinic acid whereas the effect of the inhibitor on the susceptibility to compounds such as cefsulodin and ceftazidime and to a lesser extent cefoperazone varied according to species. Bact. fragilis strains almost invariably showed substantial reductions in MICs whereas those of other species, especially Bact. thetaiotaomicron, were influenced to a lesser extent. Susceptibility to cefoxitin was unaffected by the inhibitor but a few strains with high level resistance to latamoxef (moxalactam) became susceptible in the presence of clavulanic acid. All strains were found to produce beta-lactamase as determined by the nitrocefin test and these were characterized by isoelectric focusing. PMID- 6607917 TI - 3-Dimensional susceptibility testing of beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - A technique for demonstrating the substrate specificities of bacterial beta lactamases is presented. Enzymatic degradation of beta-lactam antibiotics can be detected by cutting a wall of inoculum into the agar 3 mm from an antibiotic disc. Inactivation of the drug as it diffuses through the wall of inoculum results in distortion of the resulting inhibition zone. This procedure can be applied to the Stokes, Bauer-Kirby, International Collaborative Study (ICS) and Calibrated Dichotomous Sensitivity Test (CDS) methods so that they provide information about any detrimental effect of a pathogen on beta-lactam antibiotics, in addition to the effect the antibiotics have on the pathogen. The additional information generated by this simple procedure should increase the predictive value of in-vitro tests. PMID- 6607918 TI - In-vitro evaluation of miokamycin: bactericidal activity against streptococci. AB - Miokamycin is a diacetyl derivative of the macrolide antibiotic, midecamycin. In vitro, it has an unusual spectrum, inhibiting the growth of Gram-positive cocci and anaerobes, but few Haemophilus spp; enterobacteria are highly resistant. Most erythromycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive (MIC approximately 0.8 mg/l). Resistance to miokamycin in Staph. aureus and streptococci was difficult to select, unless the staphylococci were already resistant to erythromycin. Both miokamycin and erythromycin were bactericidal towards groups A,B,C and G streptococci. Clinical trials of the drug in pelvic, upper respiratory, skin and soft tissue and other staphylococcal infections may be worthwhile. PMID- 6607919 TI - Branhamella catarrhalis: antibiotic sensitivities and beta-lactamases. AB - Twenty-eight strains of Branhamella catarrhalis, isolated from patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, were tested both for beta-lactamase production and for sensitivity to a wide range of antimicrobial agents. A microtitre broth dilution technique was used for the latter and the MIC50, MIC90, and geometric mean MIC values were all calculated. Eleven strains were found to produce beta-lactamases. Isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels showed four different band patterns, of which the most common was identical with that of the Ravasio type enzyme. Substrate profiles of the four types of branhamella beta lactamases differed from each other although one was again similar to the Ravasio enzyme profile. Most of these beta-lactamases were readily inhibited by clavulanic acid (with I50 values of 0.01-0.08 mg/l) but were less readily inhibited by oxacillin. Attempts to isolate extrachromosomal DNA were unsuccessful. These results suggest that at least five possible different beta lactamases can be demonstrated in Bran. catarrhalis strains, and that they are chromosomally determined. PMID- 6607920 TI - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 increases citrate secretion from osteosarcoma cells. AB - Rat osteosarcoma cells respond to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 with a 6- to 10-fold increase in the secretion of citric acid. The time required to attain a half maximal response is 12 h, a time course which is consistent with the postulated steroidal hormone action of this vitamin D metabolite. The citrate response is achieved by physiological concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, with half of the maximal response at a vitamin concentration of 0.03 ng/ml. Both the time course and the dose dependence of the citrate response closely parallel the previously reported stimulation of bone Gla protein synthesis by 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 in these cells. Citrate and bone Gla protein bind avidly to bone mineral and are numerically the most abundant organic acid and protein in bone. The parallel secretion of both in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-treated osteoblastic cells suggests that they may act in tandem to mediate an action of this vitamin D metabolite on the mineral phase of bone. PMID- 6607921 TI - Oxygen binding and aggregation of bullfrog hemoglobin. AB - The hemoglobin of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, forms aggregates larger than tetramers in two ways. The first, which results from intermolecular disulfide bonds, can be prevented by treatment with iodoacetamide. The second way results from the association of the deoxygenated forms of the two major components, B and C, to form reversibly an aggregate which is believed to be a trimer, BC2. The sedimentation velocity data show that the stoichiometry of the aggregate cannot be 1:1. The electrophoretic pattern of the deoxygenated B/C mixture suggests that the association is not indefinite. No significant aggregation of the separate deoxygenated tetramers of the components nor of the oxygenated components or mixture occurs. Gel chromatography of the oxygenated forms of components B and C and of mixtures indicates that the B and C tetramers both form dimers upon dilution with a dissociation constant of 2-3 micron. The oxygen-binding data indicate that the B/C aggregate has a much lower oxygen affinity than its constituent tetramers. Dissociation of the low affinity B/C aggregate to higher affinity B and C tetramers with increasing oxygenation gives rise to enhanced cooperativity as measured by the Hill coefficient which is maximal near 75-80% oxygenation and is as high as 4.1 at a heme concentration of 15 mM. PMID- 6607922 TI - Kinetic isotope effects on cytochrome P-450-catalyzed oxidation reactions. The oxidative O-dealkylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin. AB - The primary deuterium and tritium isotope effects on Vm/Km and on Vm have been measured for the O-deethylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin catalyzed by two purified isozymes of cytochrome P-450. From these data the intrinsic isotope effects have been calculated as described by D. B. Northrop (Biochemistry (1975) 14, 2644 2651). The observed deuterium isotope effects on Vm/Km are 3.79 and 1.90 for the isozymes isolated from the livers of rats induced by phenobarbital and 3 methylcholanthrene, respectively. The calculated intrinsic isotope effects, however, are similar and much larger (kH/kD = 12.8 to 14.0) than the observed isotope effects on Vm/Km for the two enzymes. This demonstrates that the intrinsic isotope effects are attenuated by various steps preceding the isotopically sensitive C-H bond cleavage step resulting in the low values for the observed isotope effects. Thus, the observed isotope effects do not accurately reflect the magnitude of the intrinsic isotope effect associated with this reaction. No incorporation of 18O into the 7-hydroxycoumarin product was observed in studies employing H218O or 18O2 demonstrating that the phenolic oxygen arises exclusively from the substrate. Taken together, these data provide compelling evidence that both cytochrome P-450 isozymes catalyze the O-dealkylation of this substrate by an identical radical recombination mechanism during the obligatory formation of a hemiacetal intermediate. PMID- 6607923 TI - Intracellular processing of epidermal growth factor. II. Intracellular cleavage of the COOH-terminal region of 125I-epidermal growth factor. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) undergoes a specific series of alterations during the course of its binding and internalization into cultured fibroblasts. The modified EGF species can be distinguished from each other and from native EGF by their isoelectric points. We employed peptide mapping techniques to determine the nature of these alterations. We found that 125I-EGF with a pI of 4.55 was converted to a pI 4.2 species by removal of 1 or 2 amino acid moieties from the COOH-terminal end of the protein. A pI 4.35 species was generated by a trypsin like cut between amino acid residues 48 and 49, for a total of 5 amino acid moieties removed from the native EGF. The pI 4.0 species was formed by removal of at least the COOH-terminal arginine from the pI 4.35 species. Thus, upon binding and internalization, EGF was sequentially cleaved in the COOH-terminal region. Removal of the COOH-terminal polypeptide has been shown to dramatically reduce the affinity of EGF for its receptor, raising the possibility that intracellular dissociation of EGF from its receptor may be a direct result of the intracellular processing of EGF. PMID- 6607924 TI - myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. A second messenger for the hormonal mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ in liver. AB - The stimulation of hepatocytes by alpha 1-adrenergic agonists and vasoactive peptides results in a mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ which is accompanied by breakdown of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to release myo-inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3). The possible involvement of Ins(1,4,5)P3 in intracellular Ca2+ mobilization was tested using a preparation of saponin permeabilized hepatocytes. Added Ca2+ was sequestered by intracellular organelles in the presence of ATP until the medium free Ca2+ concentration was lowered to a new steady state level. The subsequent addition of Ins(1,4,5)P3 caused a rapid Ca2+ release, which was complete within 5 s. Half-maximal and maximal Ca2+ release were obtained at concentrations of Ins(1,4,5)P3 of 0.1 and 0.5 microM, respectively. The maximal amount of Ca2+ mobilized was 450 pmol/mg of cell dry weight. Using experimental conditions designed to permit selective Ca2+ accumulation into mitochondrial or non-mitochondrial stores, it was determined that all of the Ca2+ released by Ins(1,4,5)P3 originated from non-mitochondrial, vesicular stores. After Ca2+ release was completed, reaccumulation occurred until the medium free Ca2+ concentration was restored to its original level. Experiments using 32P-labeled Ins(1,4,5)P3 indicated that Ca2+ reaccumulation was associated with dephosphorylation of this compound. From a consideration of the properties of the Ca2+ release induced by Ins(1,4,5)P3, with respect to its kinetics, dose response, specificity, and the amount of Ca2+ released, the data strongly suggest that this compound is a second messenger involved in the hormonal mobilization of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. PMID- 6607925 TI - Purified plasma membranes inhibit polypeptide growth factor-induced DNA synthesis in subconfluent 3T3 cells. AB - Plasma membranes derived from NR-6 cells, a variant line of Swiss mouse 3T3 cells that does not have cell surface receptors for epidermal growth factor (EGF), inhibited EGF-induced stimulation of DNA synthesis by 50% in serum-starved, subconfluent 3T3 cells. Membranes derived from SV3T3 cells were much less effective in inhibiting EGF-induced DNA synthesis. This inhibition on DNA synthesis by NR-6 membranes was not a direct effect of membranes on EGF, nor could it be overcome by high concentrations of EGF. NR-6 membranes were most effective when added 3 h before EGF addition and had little effect when added 2 h or more after EGF. NR-6 membranes also reduced the stimulation of DNA synthesis induced by platelet-derived growth factor or fibroblast growth factor in serum starved 3T3 cells. These findings indicate that membrane-membrane interactions between nontransformed cells may diminish their ability to proliferate in response to serum polypeptide growth factors. PMID- 6607926 TI - Uptake of epidermal growth factor into a lysosomal enzyme-deficient organelle: correlation with cell's mitogenic response and evidence for ubiquitous existence in fibroblasts. AB - The internalization process following cell surface receptor binding by epidermal growth factor (EGF) was studied. It was found that EGF is taken up into a dense, membranous organelle. This organelle is deficient in lysosomal enzyme activity and is biochemically dissimilar to the major lysosomal fraction. The uptake of EGF by this organelle was demonstrated in three different cell types representing three different species. Each of these cell types is highly responsive to the mitogenic action of EGF. These results indicate that EGF is endocytosed and delivered to a dense, possibly nonlysosomal, organelle which is ubiquitous in fibroblasts. Furthermore, we demonstrate a close, positive correlation between EGF uptake into this fraction and the ability of cells to respond to the mitogen. A negative relationship between uptake into the subcellular fraction containing lysosomal enzymes and EGF-stimulated DNA synthesis was observed. Using numerous incubation conditions no exceptions to the correlation between EFG uptake into the lysosomal enzyme-deficient fraction and EGF-induced DNA synthesis were observed. These results suggest a role for this dense organelle in the production of a mitogenic signal. PMID- 6607927 TI - Biosynthesis of the photosynthetic membranes of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. AB - The steady-state biosynthesis of the photosynthetic membrane (ICM) of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides has been reviewed. At moderate light intensities, 500 ft-c, preexisting ICM serves as the insertion matrix for newly synthesized membrane components. Whereas the bulk of the membrane protein, protein-pigment complexes, and pigments are inserted into preexisting ICM throughout the cell cycle, phospholipid is transferred from outside the ICM to the ICM only at the time of cell division. Because the site of cellular phospholipid synthesis is the cytoplasmic membrane, these results infer that despite the physical continuity of cytoplasmic membrane and ICM, there must exist between these membranous domains a "barrier" to the free diffusion of cellular phospholipid. The cyclical alternation in protein to phospholipid ratio of the ICM infers major structural and functional alternations, such as changes in the protein to lipid ratio of the membrane, specific density of the membrane, lipid structure within the membrane, and the rate of cyclic electron flow. When biochemical studies are correlated with detailed electron microscopic investigations we can further conclude that the number of photosynthetic units within the plane of the membrane can vary by nearly a factor of two over the course of the cell cycle. The average physical size of the photosynthetic units is constant for a given light intensity but inversely proportional to light intensity. The distribution of photosynthetic unit size classes within the membrane can be interpreted as suggesting that the "core" of the photosynthetic unit (reaction center plus fixed antenna complex) is inserted into the membrane coordinately as a structural entity. The variable antenna complex is, on the other hand, inserted independent of the "core" and randomly associates with both old and new core complexes. Finally, we conclude that there is substantial substructure to te distribution of photosynthetic units within the ICM, ie, they are highly ordered and exist in a defined spatial orientation to one another. PMID- 6607928 TI - High alpha-amylase activity in the syncytiotrophoblastic cells of first-trimester human placentas. AB - The syncytiotrophoblastic brush border of the human placenta forms the maternal fetal interface and is an important determinant of placental function. Electron micrographs of fresh brush border preparations isolated from first-trimester human placentas showed membrane vesicles, open-ended microvilli, and numerous glycogen particles. Analysis of the microvillar membranes for several plasma and intracellular membrane markers showed a high degree of purification, comparable to the results reported for the isolation of microvilli from full-term human placentas. The microvillar preparations from first-trimester placentas, however, also contained the enzymes necessary to synthesize and degrade glycogen. The degradation resulted in the accumulation of maltotriose and maltotetraose, apparently due to the action of a liver-type alpha-amylase. The occurrence of this enzyme and the enzymes for synthesizing glycogen in this brush border fraction is probably associated with the necessity for an extremely active glucose transport and liver-like storage system within the fetal tissue at this fetal-maternal membrane interface. PMID- 6607929 TI - Development of lymphocyte subpopulations identified by monoclonal antibodies in human fetuses. AB - We have used a panel of monoclonal antibodies to examine the development of lymphoid and myeloid subpopulations of cells in thymus, bone marrow, and liver of 16 fetuses from 12 to 16 weeks of gestational age. Pre-B and IgM+ B cells were present at a ratio of approximately 2:1 in all of the fetal bone marrow and liver samples; cells of both phenotypes were HLA-DR+ but did not express the mature B cell antigen, HB-2. Cells expressing the myelomonocytic antigen, MMA or Leu-M1, were more frequent in bone marrow (40%) than in fetal liver (10%), and cells expressing the HNK-1 or Leu-7 antigen were rare (less than 1%) in all of the fetal tissues examined. Each of the T-cell antigens, T1, 4, 5, 6, and 8, was expressed by a majority of thymocytes irrespective of the age of the fetal donor. In contrast, cells with the T1, 4, 5, and 8 antigens were not seen in bone marrow and liver before the 13th week of gestation, and T6+ cells were never seen in these hemopoietic tissues. These results suggest that fetal liver and bone marrow precursors in humans do not express these T-cell antigens prior to thymic entry and the onset of thymocyte differentiation. PMID- 6607930 TI - Dysfunction of humoral immunity in anergic surgical patients: absence of anti tetanus IgG antibody production. AB - The experiments described have shown that, whereas the injection of tetanus toxoid (tet) into 8 of 12 control individuals resulted in the appearance of specific anti-tet-IgG antibodies in their plasma, immunization of 14 anergic patients did not elicit an antibody response. This observation was extended to an in vitro system, where cells from four control subjects were shown to secrete anti-tet-IgG antibodies in response to polyclonal activators whereas cells from eight anergic patients did not. It is suggested that this failure of humoral immunity could account for the high risk of bacterial infections in anergy. PMID- 6607931 TI - Pathophysiology of the severe head injury in children. Part 1. Acute traumatic intraventricular hemorrhage. PMID- 6607932 TI - Cloning of chromosomal DNA from Haemophilus influenzae. Its use for studying the expression of type b capsule and virulence. AB - Haemophilus influenzae may make any one of six chemically distinct capsular polysaccharides, but only strains of capsular serotype b commonly cause systemic infection (e.g., meningitis) in humans. Molecular cloning of DNA was used to investigate the expression of type b capsule and its association with H. influenzae virulence. A virulent H. influenzae type b strain was used to construct a lambda library of chromosomal DNA in Charon 4. Two independently isolated recombinant phage were isolated from the library and were found to possess DNA necessary for expression of type b capsule. Using a well characterized rat model of H. influenzae systemic infection, we showed that type b transformants elicited by the cloned DNA were pathogenic, causing bacteremia and meningitis, whereas the untransformed capsule-deficient H. influenzae organisms were not. A 4.4-kb EcoRI fragment, common to both DNA clones, was used to characterize clinical isolates representing all six encapsulated serotypes as well as several capsule-deficient H. influenzae by Southern hybridization analysis. The probe hybridized to an identical sized (4.4 kb) fragment of EcoRI digested chromosomal DNA from eight independently isolated type b strains. Single bands of homology to the probe were also found in EcoRI fragments of chromosomal DNA obtained from 33 encapsulated, nontype b H. influenzae. However, the size of these EcoRI fragments proved to be characteristic for each of the different capsular serotypes. These studies provide a basis for pursuing the molecular analysis of the epidemiology and virulence of pathogenic H. influenzae. PMID- 6607935 TI - Sleep behaviors and disorders in children and adolescents evaluated at psychiatric clinics. AB - The parents of 150 children and adolescents, evaluated at a university psychiatry outpatient clinic and a mental health center, were surveyed to determine the frequency of various sleep-related behaviors. This clinic sample was compared with a nonclinic sample of 309 subjects from the general population. A significantly higher incidence of restless sleep, limb movements, nightmares, night terrors, reluctance going to sleep, sleeping with others, fear of dying, fears of dark, and daytime overactivity differentiated the clinic population from the nonclinic population. There were no significant differences in the frequencies of sleep behaviors in the clinic sample due to chronic ear-nose throat (ENT) problems, sex, or social class. However, bedwetting, sleeping with others, bedtime rituals, need for security objects, fears of the dark, and daytime overactivity were significantly more frequent in the younger age population. Nightmares and restless sleep were more likely to occur in patients having anxiety-affective disorder or conduct disorder DSM III diagnosis, as compared to clinic patients without psychiatric diagnoses. Patients with mental retardation were more likely to experience fears of the dark. A significantly greater number of patients with attention deficit disorder manifested problems with snoring, head banging, restless sleep, and nighttime awakening. There appeared to be an association between chronic ENT problems and daytime overactivity. PMID- 6607933 TI - Human auto-antiidiotypes regulating T cell-mediated reactivity to tetanus toxoid. AB - While investigating the effect on B cells of repetitive in vivo immunization with tetanus toxoid (TT), we observed the subsequent development of specific anergy for T cell delayed hypersensitivity (DTH) to TT. This appeared approximately 35 d after a series of five booster immunizations. Concurrently, in vitro T cell blastogenic responses were preserved. Serum obtained when the skin tests were nonreactive demonstrated a profound inhibitory activity on T cell reactivity. This activity was shown to be anti-antibody activity that was both anti-F(ab)'2 and, specifically, anti-TT F(ab)'2. It blocked binding of TT to a pool of allogeneic antibodies and also inhibited allogeneic antigen-specific T cell blastogenesis. Thus, we could identify activity in the serum of hyperimmunized individuals that appeared auto-anti-idiotypic (anti-id) and represented a single or family of major crossreacting idiotypes (id) for TT. The expression of the auto-anti-id correlated with the loss of T cell reactivity in vivo and in vitro. Subsequent examinations revealed persistent, specific cutaneous anergy beyond six months, which was then associated with a failure of T cells to react with antigen in vitro. Mixing experiments with cells from these later times and cryopreserved autologous cells obtained prior to hyperimmunization revealed there had been the development of antigen-specific T suppressor cells. Thus, in vivo DTH tolerance following hyperimmunization was associated with an inhibitory serum activity that appeared to be anti-id. Persistence of tolerance (greater than 6 mo) occurred with the development of T suppressor cells. PMID- 6607934 TI - In vitro enhancement of immunoglobulin gene expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells appear to be arrested in their differentiation so that little immunoglobulin is secreted in most cases. To determine their capacity for further differentiation we stimulated cells from a series of 10 cases of CLL with a phorbol ester and assayed for production of immunoglobulin protein, accumulation of immunoglobulin mRNA, and alterations in cell surface markers. We found that cells from all cases were induced to secret monoclonal immunoglobulin of the same heavy and light chain type as the surface membrane immunoglobulin type. Immunoglobulin secretion was preceded by a rapid increase in the levels of mRNA coding for IgM, predominantly the secretory form, mu s-mRNA, rather than the membrane form, mu m-mRNA. A similar selection of mu s- over mu m-mRNA is known to occur in plasma cells by a mechanism of differential processing of mRNA from a single mu-chain gene. Except for a decline in the expression of surface IgD, cell surface determinants remained unaffected both in terms of the percentage of positive cells and the relative number of sites per cell. In contrast to previous studies, these results indicate that CLL cells consistently retain the capacity to further differentiate toward plasma cells and secrete immunoglobulin. The immunoglobulin secretion is mediated, at least in part, by a developmentally regulated increment in mu s-mRNA. PMID- 6607936 TI - Gingival bleeding after chlorhexidine rinses with or without mechanical oral hygiene. AB - In a previous paper a slight increase in gingival bleeding tendency was reported after the use of chlorhexidine rinses in dental students with clinically healthy gingivae. For further clarification of this finding the study was repeated using a split mouth approach. 30 dental students brushed the teeth in either the left or the right side of their mouth twice daily during a 7-day period. After each brushing, they rinsed for 1 min with 10 ml of a 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate solution. Both the Plaque Index (P1I) scores and the bleeding tendency after massage of the gingival margin were low at the initial examination. The low P1I scores at baseline were further reduced on both sides of the jaws. On the side which was only rinsed the P1I scores were higher than on the side of combined mechanical and chemical cleaning. The gingival bleeding tendency was found to decrease on the brushed side and to increase on the side which was only rinsed. An increased bleeding tendency was most often observed in those individuals whose gingivae were the healthiest at baseline. A SEM analysis of the 2 sides of the dentition indicated that bleeding after chlorhexidine rinses may be associated with irritation from debris which, after the 7-day period of no mechanical oral hygiene measures, seemed to obliterate the gingival sulcus. PMID- 6607938 TI - An immunological classification of ovine lymphomas. AB - Sporadic ovine lymphoma cells were identified as T or B lymphocytes with a T cell specific antiserum or by detecting surface immunoglobulin. Lymphomas were classified as being of T or B cell origin if 60 per cent, or more, of the cells were of the respective type. Of 16 lymphomas, 6 were T cell and 6 were B cell derived. In one lymphoma more than 60 per cent of the cells were identified as both T and B cells. In the other 3 lymphomas neither T nor B cells reached this value; 2 of these had negligible T and B cell numbers and were classified as null cell lymphomas. A relationship was seen between the immunological and anatomical classifications of the lymphomas in that all the T cell lymphomas were of multicentric distribution while 4 of the 6 B cell neoplasms were confined to the alimentary tract and its associated lymphoid tissue. In contrast, there was no relationship between the immunological and histological classifications of the lymphomas. PMID- 6607937 TI - Organization within the cranial IX-X complex in ranid frogs: a horseradish peroxidase transport study. AB - Cranial nerves IX and X in frogs have been described as originating from a nuclear group referred to as the IX-X complex. We studied the central nervous system components of this complex in Rana pipiens and R. catesbiana by labeling peripheral branches of cranial nerves IX and X and identifying the central nervous system contributions of these branches. Various peripheral nerves (IX and the cardiac, gastric, pulmonary, and laryngeal branches of X) were identified and soaked in horseradish peroxidase (HRP). One to 2 weeks later, the frogs were killed and processed for HRP by the tetramethylbenzidine method. Glossopharyngeal efferents originated from a small ventrolateral cell group found at the level of IX root exit. Vagal efferents formed a single column of cells in a ventrolateral position from the level of the brainstem exist of the vagus nerve (approximately 2,000 micrometers above the obex) to 200 micrometers below the obex (values given are for an 80-g frog). This cell group was separate from and just caudal to efferent cells of the glossopharyngeal nerve. Within the vagal portion of the column, cells projecting through the gastric branch were found throughout the rostral-caudal extent of the nucleus. "Cardiac" cells tended to be more rostral than "pulmonary" cells, and both groups of cells were located in the middle of the nucleus. "Laryngeal" cells were located more caudally in the nucleus. This peripheral representation within the vagal nucleus corresponds more closely to the organization found in the mammalian nucleus ambiguus, rather than to the apparent lack of organization found in the mammalian dorsal motor nucleus. Afferents of IX and X entered slightly rostral to the ventral roots of their respective nerves and descended in two tracts. The majority entered the tractus solitarius and descended in a medial position to cervical spinal cord. A portion of the afferents from the vagus nerve crossed the midline in the lower myelencephalon just dorsal to the central canal and ascended a short distance on the contralateral side. Within the solitary tract, vagal afferents were located in a ventrolateral position as they descended to below the obex. Glossopharyngeal afferents filled the remainder of the tract. A smaller portion of afferents from both IX and X did not enter the solitary tract but descended in the spinal tract of V and the dorsolateral funiculus of the spinal cord (Lissauer's tract) to thoracic levels. Afferents of IX also formed a rostral bundle which extended in the solitary tract to the caudal metencephalon. PMID- 6607939 TI - Contribution of molecular biology to the understanding and control of microbial infections. PMID- 6607940 TI - Host response in experimental periodontal disease. AB - Experiments were performed to determine the role of the immune response in rat periodontal disease. Germ-free rats were fed defined antigen-free liquid diets or a diet containing ovalbumin(OVA) as a prototype antigen. The OVA-fed rats demonstrated increased gingival lymphocytes (mainly T at early times), OVA sensitized spleen cells, and increased periodontal bone loss. In further studies, rats pre-sensitized with OVA, and receiving OVA in the diet, showed elevated IgG antibody, sensitized spleen cells, and elevated periodontal bone loss scores. The concept that bone loss was due to mixed hypersensitivity reaction is consistent with the periodontal pathology. The effects of pre-immunization with A. actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) on periodontal bone loss in Actinobacillus (Aa) - infected rats was examined. Delayed hypersensitivity (DTH) was present in immunized rats throughout the experimental period. Sham-immunized rats showed DTH after 30 days of infection. In addition, immunized rats showed elevated bone loss scores. These experiments support the contention that a combination of hypersensitivity reactions (i.e., mixed hypersensitivity to Aa) could give rise to the periodontal pathology observed. Congenitally athymic rats (nude) were shown to have more periodontal bone loss than did normal littermates. However, bone loss in thymus-cell reconstituted nude rats was not different from that in control rats. Normal rats receiving Aa-sensitized T lymphocytes prior to infection with Aa demonstrated increased DTH and periodontal bone loss. These studies support the concept that T-cell functions and thymic regulation of immune responses can exert protective and/or destructive effects in periodontal disease. In order to modify disease, it will be necessary to enhance the protective aspects of the immune response and to minimize the detrimental aspects. PMID- 6607941 TI - Induction and delivery of mucosal immune responses. AB - The oral cavity is relatively deficient in lymphoid tissue capable of directing the inductive and effector events required for effective mucosal IgA responses to local antigen. Recent evidence regarding a common mucosal immune system has raised new possibilities in immunization of mucosal surfaces. This review describes the role of the intestine in contributing to responses at distant mucosal sites and in particular emphasizes the immune potential of the intestine in determining the success of immunization strategies to control dental caries. PMID- 6607942 TI - Manipulation of anti-LDH-B response by T suppressor factors. AB - Hybridomas produced by fusion between the BW5147 thymoma and an LDH-B-specific B10.A(2R) suppressor T cell line secrete two T suppressor factors (TsF). One factor (TsF-A) shares Mhc determinants with the A alpha A beta molecule and suppresses proliferating Th cells; the other (TsF-E) shares determinants with the E alpha E beta molecule and it inhibits the maturation of the T suppressor (Ts) cells. Here we demonstrate that the two factors can be used to alter the immune response status of cultured T lymphocytes or of an animal. When added to a culture of LDH-B-primed cells or injected into mice, the TsF-A turns responders into nonresponders, presumably by blocking the proliferation of the Th cells. The TsF-E converts nonresponder cultures or mice into responders, presumably by preventing the differentiation of Ts cells. As there are good prospects for obtaining TsF in large quantities and in a highly purified form, this manipulation of the immune response by the deployment of specific factors promises to become an efficient new method of immunotherapy. PMID- 6607943 TI - A multistage model for the action of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in multicellular conjugates. AB - We propose a multistage stochastic model to explain data on the kinetics of target cell lysis by cytotoxic T lymphocytes in multicellular conjugates. A novel feature of our model is that we explicitly consider both the lethal hitting stage and the target cell disintegration stage of the cytolytic process. Further, we allow for the possibility that target cell disintegration is itself a complex process composed of many events. The comparison of our model with the data of other investigators suggests that cytotoxic T cells deliver lethal hits at random to undamaged target cells. Having received a lethal hit, the target cell disintegrates over a variable length of time. The disintegration times of target cells from different conjugates appear to be randomly distributed and to be consistent with a model in which disintegration occurs by at least two major, sequential, rate-limiting events. For conjugates containing one lymphocyte and multiple target cells, the mean rate at which a lethally hit target cell disintegrates is found to be independent of the total number of target cells in the conjugate. Our model predicts that in such multicellular conjugates, individual target cells lyse one by one, on average at approximately 30-min intervals, thus agreeing closely with previously reported experimental observations. PMID- 6607945 TI - sIgD-negative B cells from neonatal mice do not respond to the thymus-independent antigen TNP-BA in limiting dilution cultures. AB - The majority of B lymphocytes in adult mice express both IgM and IgD on their surface (sIgM and sIgD). A small percentage of sIgM+ splenic B cells lack (or express very low levels of) sIgD. These cells have been termed "mu-predominant" (mu p) B cells. In neonatal mice (5 to 12 days of age), mu p B cells account for more than 50% of the sIg+ cells. There is conflicting evidence concerning the immunocompetency of mup cells in vitro. To study this question further, splenocytes from neonatal BALB/c mice were depleted of sIgD+ B cells by a panning procedure. A portion of the nonadherent (mu p) cell population was analyzed for residual sIgD+ cells by using indirect immunofluorescence in conjunction with the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). Such cells were then tested for their responsiveness to the thymus-independent (TI) antigen, trinitrophenyl Brucella abortus (TNP-BA), by using a limiting dilution culture system. Results indicate that the depletion of sIgD+ B cells and the decrease in the precursor frequency of splenocytes responding to TNP-BA are very similar, suggesting that virtually all of the responding B cells bear sIgD. PMID- 6607944 TI - Polyclonal activation of xid B cells by auto-Ia-reactive T cell clones. AB - The mechanism of T cell-dependent activation of xid B cells into Ig-producing cells was studied by employing H-2-restricted, antigen-specific T cell clones. Helper factors (B cell stimulatory factors, BSF) released from KLH-specific T cell lines could induce polyclonal Ig production in B cells from (CBA/N X BALB/c)F1 (NBF1) female mice but not from CBA/N or NBF1 male mice. Direct addition of helper T cell lines induced Ig production in xid B cells from CBA/N or NBF1 male mice. A T cell clone, MK6, which was derived from NBF1 male mice and specific against Iad determinant, could activate NBF1 male but not CBA/N B cells. Another clone, CK4, derived from CBA/N mice and having specificity against KLH plus I-Ak determinant could activate both CBA/N and NBF1 male B cells into IgM- and IgG-producing cells in the absence of KLH, and monoclonal anti-I-Ak antibody specifically blocked such activation. These results suggest that xid B cells are able to be activated by the signal provided by the recognition of Ia molecules on B cells by auto-Ia-reactive T cells. Xid B cells from CBA/N mice that had been co cultured with a T cell line specific against I-Ak determinant for 24 hr became reactive to BSF and capable of differentiating into Ig-producing cells in the presence of BSF. The results showed that even xid B cells could be responsive to BSF if they were in a certain activation stage. PMID- 6607946 TI - Macrophage-hybridomas: generation, structure, and function. AB - We report the generation of macrophage-hybridomas, obtained by somatic cell fusion between macrophage-enriched C3H.eB spleen cell population, and a drug resistant MPC-11 myeloma cell line, designated as 4T00.1L1 clone. Screening for hybridomas possessing macrophage properties was carried out by assaying the presence of two macrophage-specific enzymes: lysozyme and nonspecific esterase. Two hybridomas, E2-7 and E2-10, were selected for further studies. We found that clones of E2-7 (E2-7.7) did not express Fc receptors but possessed cell-surface Ia molecules. In contrast, clones of E2-10 (E2-10.20) possessed Fc receptors but were devoid of Ia molecules. E2-7.7 did, however, express Fc receptors after mitomycin treatment, whereas E2-10.20 eliminated the expression of Fc receptors after treatment with mitomycin C. Opsonized erythrocytes were phagocytized by E2 10.20 cells, but not by E2-7.7. Phagocytosis was thus correlated with the possession of Fc receptors. Testing the response of KLH-primed lymph node cells to KLH-pulsed hybridoma cells, we found that E2-7.7 cells caused antigen-specific lymphoproliferative response, whereas E2-10.20 did not. Thus, antigens could be presented by E2-7.7 but not by E2-10.20 cells. The response was shown to be mediated by T but not by B lymphocytes. The difference in antigen-presenting capacity could not be attributed to differences in antigen uptake by the different hybridomas, because the two hybridomas manifested the same level of pinocytosis. Both hybridomas produced IL1. The differences in the properties of the two hybridomas may indicate that the normal partners represent two distinct subpopulations of macrophages. The segregation of functional properties among the hybridoma clones may lead to a clarification of the dependence of distinct functions on defined molecular structures. PMID- 6607947 TI - Avian thymic accessory cells. AB - On the basis of morphologic criteria and ingestion of latex particles, two basic types of accessory cells can be identified from quail and chick thymuses, dendritic cells, and macrophages. By using embryonic grafting techniques, we show that cells of this lineage enter the thymus during the initial colonization of the epithelial thymic rudiment by hemopoietic cells, and within a few days differentiate into cells exhibiting properties of glass adherence, Ia expression, and formation of rosettes with thymocytes. It appears that the precursors of this lineage undergo extensive, but finite, proliferation and are eventually replaced by further influx of the accessory cell lineage. In chimeric grafts, quail thymocytes were seen forming rosettes with chick accessory cells, and vice versa, indicating, as in the interaction between the epithelial cells and thymocytes, that the molecules involved in thymocyte-accessory cell association can interact across species barriers in our system. PMID- 6607948 TI - Functional status of cells from lymphoid and myeloid tissues in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency disease. AB - Cells from mice with severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) were tested in assays that measure myeloid and lymphoid function. Results showed that C.B-17 scid and their normal counterparts (C.B-17) have similar levels of spleen colony forming units. The frequency of in vitro myeloid colony-forming units in C.B-17 scid spleen is elevated, but the absolute number of colony-forming units in C.B 17 scid and C.B-17 spleen is similar. The absolute number of bone marrow colony forming units in C.B-17 scid and C.B-17 mice is comparable. Cells from C.B-17 scid spleen are consistently negative in all tests of B and T cell function. C.B 17 scid splenocytes fail to proliferate in response to T and B cell mitogens or to allogeneic lymphocytes in a one-way MLR; C.B-17 scid cells do serve as stimulators in MLR. B lymphocyte colony-forming units are absent, as are cytotoxic lymphocyte precursors and cells that can generate T cell colonies with cytotoxic progenitors. The microenvironment of the C.B-17 scid mouse is conducive to lymphocyte differentiation, because functional B and T cells are easily detectable in mice reconstituted with normal bone marrow cells. The results of this study indicate that scid specifically impairs the differentiation of stem cells into mature lymphocytes; myeloid cell differentiation is not affected. PMID- 6607949 TI - Glioblastoma cells release interleukin 1 and factors inhibiting interleukin 2 mediated effects. AB - Studies were designed to investigate whether the cellular immunodeficiency state observed in human glioblastoma patients could be due to inhibitory factors released by the tumor cells. Cultured human glioblastoma cells were found to secrete an interleukin 1-like factor (m.w. 22,000) and a factor (m.w. 97,000) that inhibits interleukin 2 (IL 2)-dependent T cell mechanisms. This is demonstrated by its inhibitory effect on the IL 2-induced proliferation of T cell clones and on the induction of alloreactive cytotoxic T cells in mixed lymphocyte cultures. Additionally the glioblastoma cell-derived 97,000-m.w. factor inhibited growth of neuroblasts but not of fibroblasts and thus shares the characteristics of the neuroblast growth inhibition factor (NGIF) previously detected in the supernatant of fetal rat glia cell cultures. If released by glioblastoma cells in vivo, the factor may contribute to impaired immunosurveillance and to the cellular immunodeficiency state detected in the patients. PMID- 6607950 TI - Human B cell-inducing factor(s) for production of IgM, IgG and IgA: independence from IL 2. AB - Human peripheral blood B cells are stimulated into proliferation by killed Staphylococcus aureus bacteria strain Cowan I (Sac). T lymphocytes in the presence of a T cell mitogen induce high numbers of immunoglobulin-secreting cells (ISC) in these Sac-stimulated B cells. The T cells can be largely replaced by a lymphokine factor. We describe here the 11000-fold purification of this B cell-inducing factor (BIF). BIF preparations that are free of IL 2 do not require IL 2 for optimal induction of ISC. This was shown by the lack of effect of IL 2 alone or with suboptimal or optimal concentrations of BIF on the induction of ISC and by the absence of IL 2 production in the purified B cell population which, with other controls, excludes significant T cell contamination. BIF, purified through four fractionation steps and free of IL 2, induces IgM, IgG, and IgA-ISC in approximately the same ratio as unfractionated lymphokine. Because we have not yet attained a pure BIF preparation, the possibility of separate factors for the production of each immunoglobulin isotype cannot be ruled out. PMID- 6607951 TI - Limiting dilution analysis of interleukin 2 and colony-stimulating factor producer cells in normal and autoimmune mice. AB - MRL/MP lpr-lpr (MRL-lpr) mice spontaneously develop an age-related disease characteristic of human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Old MRL-lpr mice (4 mo of age) develop antibodies to nucleic acids, display immune complex glomerulonephritis, and have a massive T cell-associated lymphadenopathy. In concert with disease development is data showing an age-related loss of interleukin 2 (IL 2) production by mitogen-stimulated lymphoid cells from these mice. The loss of IL 2 production has been suggested to be involved in the onset and/or development of autoimmune disease seen in these animals. In this report, we examined the frequency of both IL 2 and colony-stimulating factor (CSF) producer T cells in the MRL-lpr mouse by using a limiting dilution analysis assay. Our results show that the number of IL 2 and CSF producer cells present in autoimmune animals is similar to the number found in normal control mice. In addition, IL 2 and CSF producer T cells from autoimmune MRL-lpr mice make similar levels of lymphokine activity, as do producer T cells from normal mice. Our data argue against the previously hypothesized role that a paucity of IL 2 production may be involved in the etiology of autoimmune disease. PMID- 6607953 TI - Induction of chemiluminescence during interaction of tumoricidal effector cell populations and tumor cells is dependent on the presence of mycoplasma. AB - A variety of host cells, such as activated macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL), are cytotoxic for an array of non antibody-coated tumor cells. Because such effector cells appear to use oxygen dependent mechanisms to effect tumor cell destruction in certain systems, the possibility of an involvement of toxic oxygen species has been considered. To investigate whether interaction of effector cells with neoplastic cells induces the generation of reactive oxygen species, resting and activated rat macrophages and rat spleen cells (as a source of NK activity) were exposed to viable tumor cells of varied origin, and chemiluminescence was monitored. This sensitive indicator of reactive oxygen generation was stimulated only when tumor cells or culture supernatants were contaminated with mycoplasma. Mycoplasma-free tumor cells and culture supernatants were in no case able to trigger chemiluminescence in any of these effector cell populations. On the other hand, tumor targets were equally susceptible to killing by effector cells irrespective of whether mycoplasma were present. The data suggest that generation of chemiluminescence during interaction of natural cytotoxic cells and neoplastic cells is an artifact and that reactive oxygen species do not function as an effector mechanism in antibody-independent natural killing effected by activated macrophages and NK cells. PMID- 6607952 TI - Physiologic inactivation of fluid phase C3b: isolation and structural analysis of C3c, C3d,g (alpha 2D), and C3g. AB - The fragments that result from the inactivation of C3b have not been completely characterized. Initial inactivation is catalyzed by the protease factor I, which, in the presence of its cofactor (factor H), cleaves two peptide bonds in the alpha'-chain of C3b. This results in the release of a small peptide (C3f, Mr 3000) from iC3b, which consists of the C3 beta chain covalently bonded to two alpha'-chain-derived peptides (Mr 68,000 and Mr 43,000). Surface-bound iC3b is cleaved at a third site by factor I to produce C3c and C3d,g (or alpha 2D). The factor I cofactor for this cleavage is the C3b receptor that is present on erythrocyte and leukocyte membranes. This report describes the isolation and initial structural characterization of C3c and C3d,g generated in whole blood after complement activation with cobra venom factor. These fragments were compared with the C3 fragments isolated from the serum and plasma of a patient with complement activation in vivo. The fragments were isolated with two solid phase monoclonal antibodies, one of which recognizes a determinant on C3g (clone 9) and one of which recognizes a determinant on C3c (clone 4). C3c isolated from normal blood showed three polypeptides that had apparent m.w. of 75,000, 43,000, and 27,000. The C3d,g consisted of a single polypeptide chain with a m.w. of 40,000. Amino terminal sequence analysis showed that the Mr 27,000 peptide from C3c is derived from the amino terminal portion of the alpha'-chain of C3b, whereas the Mr 43,000 peptide is derived from the carboxy terminus of the same chain. Amino terminal sequence analysis showed also that C3g is derived from the amino terminus of C3d,g. The C3 fragments isolated from a patient with partial lipodystrophy, nephritic factor activity, low serum C3 levels, and circulating C3 cleavage products showed a more complicated pattern on SDS-PAGE. The fragment isolated with clone 9 had an apparent m.w. of 40,000, identical to C3d,g generated in vitro, and it had the same amino terminal sequence as C3d,g generated in vitro. The eluate from insolubilized clone 4, however, showed prominent bands with Mr of 75,000, 56,000, 43,000, and 27,000, together with a triple-banded pattern at 68,000 and a minor band at 80,000. This eluate thus appears to contain C3c, and iC3b or an iC3b-like product. The origin of the Mr 56,000 and Mr 80,000 peptides have not yet been determined. These studies, with previous data, definitively order the C3c and C3d,g peptides in the alpha-chain of C3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6607954 TI - Monoclonal antibody SN2 defining a human T cell leukemia-associated cell surface glycoprotein. AB - We generated a monoclonal antibody, termed SN2, which defines a human T cell leukemia-associated cell surface glycoprotein, GP37, with an approximate m.w. of 37,000. This antibody was generated by using a human leukemia antigen preparation. The reactivity and specificity of SN2 were characterized by a sensitive radioimmunoassay against a variety of cultured and uncultured human cells. In selected cases, the cell specimens were tested further by indirect immunofluorescence staining. Among the various cultured malignant and nonmalignant human cell lines tested, SN2 reacted only with leukemic T cell lines, with one exception. It reacted with 10 of 11 leukemic T cell lines tested; the 10 reactive cell lines are PEER, JM, MOLT-4, CCRF-CEM, CCRF-H-SB2, RPMI 8402, DND-41, HPB-ALL, SKW-3, and HPB-MLT; the unreactive line was HUT 78. The reactive cell lines were derived from patients either with T cell-type acute lymphoblastic leukemia (the first eight cell lines), with T cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (SKW-3), or with Japanese adult T cell leukemia-lymphoma (HPB-MLT). The unreactive cell line, HUT 78, was from a patient with Sezary syndrome. Results consistent with the above were obtained from studies in which uncultured malignant cell specimens from different cancer patients were tested against SN2; SN2 reacted only with T leukemia cells. Among various uncultured normal cell specimens tested, SN2 did not react with thymocytes, bone marrow cells, peripheral blood lymphocytes containing B and T cells, purified T cells, monocytes, granulocytes, or erythrocytes. It did, however, react with platelets. PMID- 6607955 TI - Adoptive immunotherapy of established syngeneic solid tumors: role of T lymphoid subpopulations. AB - We have investigated the subpopulations of T cells necessary to mediate the cure of established tumors in two models of successful adoptive immunotherapy. In C57BL/6 mice bearing palpable and disseminated FBL-3 lymphoma, both Lyt-1+ and Lyt-2+ cells played a major role in mediating the regression and permanent cure of mice, whereas in BALB/c mice bearing the Meth A sarcoma the adoptive transfer of Lyt-1+2+ cells played a major role in mediating the regression of tumors and the curing of disease. Identical experiments performed in hybrid (BALB/c X C57BL/6) mice yielded similar results, further supporting our initial observation and indicating that in these two adoptive transfer model systems it is the tumor and not the variable expression of Lyt antigens by the host that determines which T cell subpopulation is required to cure mice of tumors. PMID- 6607956 TI - The systemic administration of purified interleukin 2 enhances the ability of sensitized murine lymphocytes to cure a disseminated syngeneic lymphoma. AB - Significant serum titers of interleukin 2 (IL 2) can be maintained in mice for 12 h after i.p. injection in a 15% gelatin solution. We have tested the ability of IL 2 administered systemically in this fashion to enhance the therapeutic effect of adoptively transferred specifically sensitized lymphoid cells that were expanded in IL 2. Mice with established local and disseminated FBL-3 lymphoma, induced by intrafootpad injection of 10(7) cells after 500 rad total body irradiation, were treated with a combination of i.v. injected murine splenocytes and either murine supernatants containing IL 2 or pure human IL 2 in gelatin. Splenocytes from immune mice were resensitized to irradiated tumor in vitro and were expanded for 7 days in lectin-free IL 2 supernatants. Treatment with these murine splenocytes administered with murine IL 2 supernatants prolonged mean survival to 33.6 days compared with mean survival times of 16.9 days (p less than 0.001) and 23.4 days (p = 0.007) for mice treated with IL 2 alone or splenocytes alone. Human IL 2, purified to homogeneity from the Jurkat cell line, was also capable of improving the therapeutic efficacy of transferred cells in mice. Mean survival was significantly prolonged to 32.1 days when cells and purified human IL 2 were administered, whereas mean survival times of 18.1 days (p = less than 0.001) and 21.5 (p = less than 0.001) were seen for mice treated with IL 2 alone or expanded immune cells alone. Cure rates in this model were also significantly enhanced with the combined treatment of IL 2 and expanded immune cells. Combined immunotherapy utilizing IL 2 and immune cells was thus significantly better than either component used alone. The systemic administration of IL 2 in conjunction with sensitized expanded lymphoid cells may be a useful approach to the immunotherapy of other murine and human tumors. PMID- 6607957 TI - A new assay suitable for enumeration of murine progenitors of granulo-monocytes and for rapid automated assessment of granulo-monocyte growth factors. AB - A simple and reproducible assay is described for enumerating the progenitors of granulocytes (G) and monocytes (M) present in either the bone marrow or spleen of mice. This assay is based upon the plating of different dilutions of test cells in the wells of Terasaki plates. Negative and positive wells for presence of G and M are scored 7 days later. Minimal estimates of GM progenitors frequency are obtained by analysis of the Poisson distribution relationship between the percentage of non-responding microcultures and the numbers of cells plated. This liquid microculture assay offers many advantages: (1) the ability to assay directly in situ at clonal level different enzymatic activities like non-specific esterase; (2) the ability to screen within 3 days the presence of GM growth factors by measuring the [3H]thymidine uptake of proliferating responsive cells. PMID- 6607958 TI - Quantitation of cytotoxic rat antibodies by post-assay labeling of mitogen induced target blasts with [3H]thymidine. AB - Cytotoxic rat alloantibodies were quantitated using concanavalin-A induced blasts as target cells. [3H]thymidine incorporation by such cells was linearly related to their number. Serial dilutions of cytotoxic antisera were incubated with a small number of target cells in presence of rabbit, guinea pig or rat complement. Following a short incubation, cultures were pulsed with [3H]thymidine to estimate the number of live cells. Cytotoxicity titers were calculated according to conventional von Krogh analysis as the reciprocal of the dilution yielding 50% lysis. Such titers were virtually identical to titers obtained in assays in which the extent of cytolysis was determined by trypan blue or ethidium bromide exclusion. The assay, which is carried out in microtiter plates, is quantitative, economical, and objective. Furthermore, automatic harvesting of the cultures allows the rapid processing of large numbers of samples. PMID- 6607959 TI - A 'dot-immunobinding assay' on nitrocellulose membrane for the determination of the immunoglobulin class of mouse monoclonal antibodies. AB - A rapid and convenient procedure for the determination of the immunoglobulin class of mouse monoclonal antibodies is described. Hybridoma supernatants or other dilute solutions of monoclonal antibodies are spotted onto nitrocellulose membrane strips, and each strip is incubated with a different rabbit antiserum specific for a mouse Ig class. The strips are then incubated with protein A conjugated to peroxidase, and finally with the peroxidase substrate 4-chloro-1 naphthol. A positive reaction produces a dark blue spot. The procedure is sensitive, economical, fast, and safe. Many monoclonal antibodies can be tested at one time, and most of the reagents can be re-used. The procedure has been applied to a new series of monoclonal antibodies recognizing plasma membrane antigens of rat thymocytes. PMID- 6607960 TI - Immunomodulating activity of 3-(p-chlorophenyl)thiazolo-[3,2-a] benzimidazole-2 acetic acid (Wy-18,251, NSC 310633) in mice implanted with Lewis lung tumor. Effect of Wy-18,251 on lymphocyte proliferation and phagocytosis. AB - Proliferation of B lymphocytes is depressed in Lewis lung tumor bearing mice. Treatment of these mice with Wy-18,251 (5 mg/kg) significantly increased the responsiveness of their splenic T cells to concanavalin A in cell culture. Levamisole (5 mg/kg) acted more weakly than Wy-18,251. Neither Wy-18,251 nor levamisole elevated the depressed B cell mitogenesis. Wy-18,251 significantly increased macrophage phagocytosis against 51chromium labeled opsonized chicken red blood cells. Levamisole behaved differently: it either had no effect on phagocytosis, or depressed it. PMID- 6607961 TI - The spectrum of immunologic abnormalities and clinical findings in homosexually active men. AB - Clinical and laboratory evaluations of 181 men were performed; the population studied included 131 homosexual or bisexual men (who were stratified into one of three groups on the basis of symptomatology and abnormal findings on physical examination), 39 heterosexual men (who served as controls), and 11 men with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The presence of specific symptoms and/or lymphadenopathy in homosexual men was associated with perturbation of immunoregulation. A large percentage of asymptomatic, homosexually active men had abnormalities in lymphocyte numbers, subpopulations, and subclasses. Symptomatic individuals had clinical findings, immunologic alterations, and abnormalities of hematopoiesis similar to those found in patients with AIDS. These data suggest that clinical evaluation in conjunction with laboratory studies may serve to identify individuals at increased risk of developing AIDS. PMID- 6607962 TI - Haemophilus influenzae type b colonization resulting from survival of a single organism. PMID- 6607963 TI - The origin of Pneumocystis carinii. PMID- 6607964 TI - Pathogenesis of progressive systemic sclerosis. PMID- 6607965 TI - Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome: a case with predominantly ENT localization. PMID- 6607966 TI - Comparison between active transport of T1+, K+ and Rb+ across the isolated short circuited frog skin. AB - Active transport of T1+ by frog skin was compared with transport of K+ and Rb+. T1+ was transported actively (using a Na,K-ATPase) by the epithelium and the adrenaline-stimulated glands. In the epithelium, K+, T1+ and Rb+ competed for transport in the ratio 1:1.7:0.9; in the glands the ratio was 1:1:1. PMID- 6607967 TI - Enhancement of the immune response to hepatitis B surface antigen. In vivo administration of antiidiotype induces anti-HBs that expresses a similar idiotype. AB - BALB/c mice receiving antiidiotype antibodies before the injection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) generated an enhanced anti-HBs response. Mice given antiidiotype antibodies in a soluble form induced predominantly IgM anti-HBs, whereas alum-precipitated antiidiotype produced primarily IgG anti-HBs. Injection of antiidiotype antibodies alone induced anti-HBs that inhibited a common interspecies anti-HBs idiotype-antiidiotype reaction and recognized the group specific determinant of HBsAg. These data support the view that antiidiotype antibodies may modulate the immune response to an infectious viral agent. PMID- 6607968 TI - Development of adult bone marrow stem cells in H-2-compatible and -incompatible mouse fetuses. AB - Bone marrow of normal adult mice was found, after transplacental inoculation, to contain cells still able to seed the livers of early fetuses. The recipients' own hematopoietic stem cells, with a W-mutant defect, were at a selective disadvantage. Progression of donor strain cells to the bone marrow, long-term self-renewal, and differentiation into myeloid and lymphoid derivatives was consistent with the engraftment of totipotent hematopoietic stem cells (THSC) comparable to precursors previously identified (4) in normal fetal liver. More limited stem cells, specific for the myeloid or lymphoid cell lineages, were not detected in adult bone marrow. The bone marrow THSC, however, had a generally lower capacity for self-renewal than did fetal liver THSC. They had also embarked upon irreversible changes in gene expression, including partial histocompatibility restriction. While completely allogeneic fetal liver THSC were readily accepted by fetuses, H-2 incompatibility only occasionally resulted in engraftment of adult bone marrow cells and, in these cases, was often associated with sudden death at 3-5 mo. On the other hand, H-2 compatibility, even with histocompatibility differences at other loci, was sufficient to ensure long-term success as often as with fetal liver THSC. PMID- 6607969 TI - Antigen presentation by resting B cells. Radiosensitivity of the antigen presentation function and two distinct pathways of T cell activation. AB - In this report we have examined the ability of small resting B cells to act as antigen-presenting cells (APC) to antigen-specific MHC-restricted T cells as assessed by either T cell proliferation or T cell-dependent B cell stimulation. We found that 10 of 14 in vitro antigen-specific MHC-restricted T cell clones and lines and three of four T cell hybridomas could be induced to either proliferate or secrete IL-2 in the presence of lightly irradiated (1,000 rads) purified B cells and the appropriate foreign antigen. All T cell lines and hybridomas were stimulated to proliferate or make IL-2 by macrophage- and dendritic cell-enriched populations and all T cells tested except one hybridoma caused B cell activation when stimulated with B cells as APC. Furthermore, lightly irradiated, highly purified syngeneic B cells were as potent a source of APC for inducing B cell activation as were low density dendritic and macrophage-enriched cells. Lymph node T cells freshly taken from antigen-primed animals were also found to proliferate when cultured with purified B cells and the appropriate antigen. Thus, small resting B cells can function as APC to a variety of T cells. This APC function was easily measured when the cells were irradiated with 1,000 rads, but was greatly diminished or absent when they were irradiated with 3,300 rads. Thus, the failure of some other laboratories to observe this phenomenon may be the result of the relative radiosensitivity of the antigen-presenting function of the B cells. In addition, this radiosensitivity allowed us to easily distinguish B cell antigen presentation from presentation by the dendritic cell and macrophage, as the latter was resistant to 3,300 rads. Finally, one T cell clone that failed to proliferate when B cells were used as APC was able to recruit allogeneic B cells to proliferate in the presence of syngeneic B cells and the appropriate antigen. This result suggests that there are at least two distinct pathways of activation in T cells, one that leads to T cell proliferation and one that leads to the secretion of B cell recruitment factor(s). PMID- 6607971 TI - Discussion of "The use of marihuana, ethanol, and other drugs among drivers killed in single vehicle crashes". PMID- 6607970 TI - Biological, analytical and experimental components of variance in a long-term study of plasma constituents in rat. AB - Statistical analysis of variance was applied to data from determinations of 14 plasma constituents in 25 rats in order to evaluate the analytical, experimental and biological (inter-and intraindividual) component of variance. Blood was taken seven times in intervals of 8-10 days, the last one by catheter technique and the other by heart puncture. The analytical portion of variance was determined by the concurrent analysis of a pool plasma standard. The experimental component of variance was evaluated by the comparison of the variation of the catheter values with that of the pooled data from heart puncture. The coefficient of variation for the latter may be grouped into three categories: less than 10% for protein, Na+, K+, Ca2+; 10-20% for urea, phosphate and the enzymes as alanine aminotransferase, choline esterase, alkaline phosphatase and leucine arylamidase and 20-65% for the other enzymes lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase. The results from the samples taken by catheter technique generally revealed the lower values for the mean as well as for the variance. It became evident that the procedure of heart puncture is afflicted with the most aggravating interference factors, thus accounting for most of the experimental component of variance. The observed differences between the single blood drawings, the non-Gaussian distribution for several constituents, and the interactions between the components of variance do not always fit for the statistical concept of additivity of the single components.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6607972 TI - The lipid composition of urodele myelin which lacks hydroxycerebroside and hydroxysulfatide. AB - The concentrations of cerebrosides and sulfatides were measured in the nervous systems of urodeles and related orders with a high performance liquid chromatographic technique. The peripheral and central nervous systems of all three urodele species, Necturus maculosis (mud puppy, a salamander), Notophthalmus viridescens (eastern red spot newt), and Desmognathus ochropheus (mountain salamander), were found to be completely devoid of alpha-hydroxy fatty acid-containing cerebrosides and sulfatides. All species of reptiles and fish classes close to urodeles contain these galactolipids. The levels of nonhydroxy fatty acid-containing cerebrosides and sulfatides are essentially similar in both urodeles and reptiles. Myelin isolated from Necturus spinal cord had a specific density of 1.07, lighter than mammalian myelin. Except for the absence of hydroxycerebrosides and hydroxysulfatides, the lipid composition of Necturus spinal cord myelin is essentially similar to that of frog and rat myelin. The fatty acids of nonhydroxycerebrosides are rich in monounsaturated homologs of C22 C25, and the sphingoid base consists of both sphinganine and sphingosine. Electron microscopic examination of the sciatic nerve showed that the general structure and interlamellar distances of salamander and newt myelin are identical to those of frog, chameleon, and rat. Necturus myelin, therefore, can be used as a model for the study of the functional and structural role of hydroxygalactolipids. PMID- 6607974 TI - Influence of peripheral vision upon vestibulo-ocular reflex suppression. AB - The effect of peripheral vision upon the suppression of caloric induced nystagmus has been studied in normal subjects and patients with Parkinson's disease and cerebellar lesions. In normal subjects, caloric responses in the presence of optic fixation upon a target light viewed in darkness are further suppressed by a factor of two when background illumination is introduced. In both patient groups background illumination had significantly less effect. Additionally, optokinetic and pursuit test have revealed specific abnormalities consistent with the notion of a peripheral retinal feed-back mechanism deranged by disease. These in turn appear to have particular relevance to certain visuo-vestibular disturbances characteristic of patients in both groups. PMID- 6607973 TI - Immunohistological analysis of T lymphocyte subsets in the central nervous system in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. AB - In an analysis of pooled data, we have found that cytotoxic-suppressor T cells outnumber the helper-inducer subset and also the population of cells bearing the pan-T cell marker in specimens of CNS from patients dying with MS (Booss et al. 1983). In the present study of individual data, we have reviewed the case histories to determine if these findings were consistent in various clinical settings. Variables examined included disease duration, tempo of evolution, immunosuppressive therapy, and other potentially immunomodulating features such as tumours. The predominance of the cytotoxic-suppressor subset was not found to be altered by any of these variables. We also present an individual data analysis of cases dying without known CNS disease and of cases with chronic non inflammatory CNS disease. We found that the low but consistently observed number of T cells was apparently unrelated to the age of the individual or the site of the CNS sampled. Analysis of selected perivascular infiltrates showed, in contrast to the CNS parenchyma, that the pan-T cells and each of the subsets were approximately equal in proportion. Consideration of this observation and of the cytotoxic-suppressor subset preponderance in the parenchyma is compatible with the possibility of antigenic modulation of the T cell differentiation antigens. Finally, the potential contribution of perivascular infiltrates to the CSF pleocytosis is considered. PMID- 6607975 TI - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and other chronic lymphoid proliferations: surface marker phenotypes and clinical correlations. AB - A diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was made in 81 patients referred for peripheral blood lymphocyte typing (PBL). A retrospective review was undertaken to see if correlations existed between surface marker phenotype determined subclasses and clinical features. Surface markers utilized were surface immunoglobulin (sIg), sheep erythrocyte receptor (E), 65,000-dalton human T lymphocyte antigen (T65), Ia antigen, and for sIg+ cells, heavy and light chains. All patients were Ia+. Cells of 70% of patients were sIg+ E- T65+ Ia+, and the clinical heterogeneity was that of classical CLL. Eight of the nine patients with sIg+ E- T65- Ia+ cells had a paraprotein. The sIg- E+ T65+ Ia+ phenotype represented classical T cell CLL. Three of the five patients in the sEg E- T65+ Ia+ group had significant albuminuria, and two had nephrotic-range proteinuria. Use of additional monoclonal antibodies to B cell surface antigens should further subclassify CLL and other lymphoproliferative disorders. Interesting clinical correlations with certain phenotypic subclasses do exist, and further subclassification and long-term follow-up may yield correlations between phenotypes and prognosis. PMID- 6607976 TI - Methotrexate-induced renal impairment: clinical studies and rescue from systemic toxicity with high-dose leucovorin and thymidine. AB - Four separate groups of patients have been studied: (1) The effect of high-dose methotrexate (MTX) administration on glomerular filtration rate was determined by pre- and posttreatment inulin and creatinine clearances in nine patients. Measurements were made prior to and 24-40 hr after drug administration. Inulin and creatinine clearances both decreased a mean of 43%. No signs of systemic toxicity occurred. (2) Three other patients given high-dose courses of MTX developed MTX toxicity. Their creatinine clearance decreased an average of 61%. (3) In a separate group of five patients undergoing weekly MTX treatment, comparison of serum MTX pharmacokinetics with and without alkalinization of the urine demonstrated no significant difference in peak serum MTX levels or serum MTX decay. (4) Eight additional patients with severe renal dysfunction secondary to MTX were treated with increased doses of leucovorin and a continuous infusion of thymidine (8 g/m2/day) once renal failure was recognized. When high-dose leucovorin and thymidine were begun 48-72 hr after the MTX infusion, severe toxicity in the form of leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, diffuse mucositis, stomatitis, or skin rash was averted. We concluded the following: (1) high-dose MTX causes a subclinical decrease in glomerular filtration rate with each administration, even in nontoxic courses; (2) alkalinization of the urine with sodium bicarbonate does not alter plasma MTX decay, while volume expansion (hydration) is maintained constant; and (3) rigorous monitoring of serum creatinine and serum MTX levels 24-48 hr after MTX administration allows for the institution of rescue measures, including leucovorin and thymidine, which will abort the systemic toxicity that accompanies MTX-induced renal failure. PMID- 6607977 TI - Treatment of primary osteosarcoma with intra-arterial and intravenous high-dose methotrexate. AB - In an effort to achieve high concentrations and prolonged exposure times, high dose methotrexate (MTX) was administered by the intra-arterial route over 6 hours at a dose of 12.5 g/m2 to nine patients with osteosarcoma. This was followed by citrovorum factor (CF) rescue, which was initiated 12 hours after completion of the infusion (MTX-CF). The regimen achieved high local concentrations over a finite period. No toxicity was encountered. Treatment was administered at weekly intervals, during which intravenous MTX-CF was interposed if facilities for intra arterial administration were not available. However, despite increases in local venous concentrations and exposure times, only four of nine patients (44%) responded. This is similar to responses achieved with 7.5 g/m2 (48%) with CF initiated 2 hours after completion of the infusion. Higher MTX doses, intra arterial administration, and prolongation of cytotoxic exposure time did not confer a therapeutic advantage as opposed to "conventional" intravenous high doses. PMID- 6607978 TI - Tonic neck reflex of the decerebrate cat: response of spinal interneurons to natural stimulation of neck and vestibular receptors. AB - In order to investigate the neural basis of the tonic neck reflex, we studied the response of neurons in the cervical spinal cord of decerebrate, paralyzed cats to neck rotation about the longitudinal axis (roll), to vestibular stimulation produced by roll tilt, and to a combination of these stimuli. Most neurons were outside the motoneuron nuclei and were arbitrarily classified as interneurons. Three types of preparation were used--one with intact labyrinths, one acutely labyrinthectomized, and one with acute spinal transection. The activity of 115 neurons recorded extracellularly was modulated by sinusoidal neck rotation in the range 0.02-4 Hz; their behavior was sufficiently linear for sinusoidal analysis. The phase and gain of the responses of neurons in all three preparations were similar except that the absolute gain in cats with intact labyrinths was higher than that of the others. The location of neurons in segments C4-C8 was mainly in laminae 7-8. Some neurons were excited by rotation of the chin to the ipsilateral side (type I) and others by contralateral chin rotation (type II). The dynamic behavior of type I and type II neurons was the same; phase was flat over most of the frequency range and close to the phase of peak neck rotation, while gain enhancement occurred at higher frequencies. This behavior was similar to that of the neckforelimb reflex evoked in unparalyzed intact-labyrinth and labyrinthectomized cats. In cats with intact labyrinths, vestibular input to neurons whose activity was modulated by the neck stimulus was studied using whole body roll tilt. Many neurons received otolith input; some received canal input. Neck and vestibular inputs to spinal neurons always had opposite polarities (complementary inputs). Thus, type I neurons were always excited by tilt to the ipsilateral side (ipsilateral ear down) while type II neurons were excited by tilt to the contralateral side. Combined neck and vestibular stimulation indicated that the dynamic behavior of neurons was determined by a linear summation of the responses to these stimuli. Interaction of neck and vestibular input at the neuron level was similar to that observed previously at the reflex level in forelimb extensor muscles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6607980 TI - Sprouting and synapse formation produced by Carbocaine. AB - Injury to one cutaneous pectoris nerve of the frog induces sprouting of and synapse formation by the contralateral homologous intact nerve. It was previously suggested that axotomy initiates a signal for growth in the cell bodies of the injured motor neurons and that this signal is transferred transneuronally across the spinal cord to intact motor neurons (e.g., Rotshenker, S. (1982) J. Neurosci. 2: 1359-1368). The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that axotomy initiated the signal for growth by depriving neuronal somata of a trophic substance derived from the target muscle. The superficial layer of muscle fibers comprising one cutaneous pectoris muscle, the source of the hypothetical trophic substance, was removed by means of local application of the myotoxic local anesthetic Carbocaine. An increased supernumerary pattern of innervation developed in drug-treated muscles first and in contralateral intact muscles thereafter. These results raise the possibility that target muscle fibers play a role as regulators of a signal for growth in the cell bodies of their innervating motor neurons. PMID- 6607979 TI - Retinal ganglion cell terminals change their projection sites during larval development of Rana pipiens. AB - Interconnecting neuronal populations in the vertebrate CNS are typically not well matched in their overall topographic patterns of histogenesis and differentiation during development. One striking example of this mismatch is the retinotectal system of the frog, where the retina grows in concentric annuli, while the optic tectum, a major retinal target, adds new neurons at only the caudo-medial border. The retinal ganglion cell (RGC) terminals nevertheless form an organized map in the tectum during the period when the two structures are undergoing such disparate modes of growth. This led Gaze et al. (Gaze, R. M., M. J. Keating, and S. H. Chung (1974) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. (Biol.) 185: 301-330) to propose that the terminals must shift caudally during development. In the present study, we have directly tested the hypothesis of "shifting connections" by selectively labeling an identified population of RGC terminals, those at the optic nerve head (ONH), and determining their tectal projection site relative to a particular group of [3H]thymidine-labeled tectal neurons. With this double-label technique, we have found that RGC terminals from cells at the ONH move from a position rostral to the [3H]thymidine-labeled tectal cells to a position caudal to these same cells during the latter half of larval development. This represents a movement of approximately 1.4 mm across the tectal surface between stages T&K XII and T&K XXV. In addition, we have used electron microscopy and electrophysiology to demonstrate that the RGC terminals make functional synaptic connections during this period. This indicates that RGC terminals continually change the tectal neurons with which they form functional synapses during the development of the retinotectal system. We propose that such moving, but highly ordered connections can best be explained by a two stage mechanism for map formation, in which graded selective adhesions between cells in appropriate regions of retina and tectum provide the overall gross retinotopy of the projection, while competitive interactions between RGC terminals are responsible for the refinement of the precision in this system. PMID- 6607981 TI - Cerebellopontine angle meningiomas. Microsurgical excision and follow-up results. AB - During the years 1974 through 1981, 22 patients with cerebellopontine angle meningiomas underwent surgery: 14 tumors were excised completely, and eight subtotally. A retromastoid approach was used in 19 cases and a subtemporal approach in three cases. There was no operative mortality and the quality of survival was good. Five patients suffered new cranial nerve deficits as a result of the operation. The average follow-up period was 5 years. One tumor thought to be completely removed has recurred, but has not required another operation so far. One subtotally excised tumor required reoperation. Computerized tomography and arteriography were important in preoperative evaluation. Good neuroanesthesia, the use of the surgical microscope and microtechnique, and an understanding of the pathological relationships were factors contributing to good results. PMID- 6607982 TI - Deep brain stimulation--a contemporary methodology for chronic pain. PMID- 6607983 TI - Filling of the gallbladder as studied by computer-assisted Tc-99m HIDA scintigraphy: concise communication. AB - Gallbladder filling was studied using computer-assisted cholescintigraphy in normal subjects who had fasted overnight. The gallbladder tended to visualize earlier than the distal part of the common bile duct. It appeared at approximately the same time regardless of whether or not there was passage of activity into the duodenum. This suggests that filling is not dependent on contraction of the sphincter of Oddi. Sequential images demonstrated that the activity entering the gallbladder rapidly reached the fundus. Time-activity curves showed a gradual buildup of activity in the bile ducts followed by sudden entrance into the gallbladder. Time-activity curves of the gallbladder's proximal and distal parts showed signs of an exchange of activity, suggesting that the gallbladder's motor function is not quiescent during fasting. Gallbladder motility could explain the periodic irregularities on the time-activity curve. These irregularities were smaller but not less frequent after morphine administration. PMID- 6607984 TI - Simulated ECT of the left ventricle using rotating slant-hole collimator and two camera positions. AB - Limited-angular-range tomography leads to an elongating distortion of the object in the direction of the z axis (perpendicular to the camera face). Two-view tomography appends to the usual data set another set of projections taken after the camera is rotated 90 degrees about an axis perpendicular to z. We investigated two-view tomography using a rotating-slant-hole collimator, 12 projections per view and the SMART iterative algorithm. Computer simulations extended previous results to include noise and attenuation. Phantoms imaged were the Au-rings in air and a ventricle phantom angled with respect to the z axis and placed in a water bath. Two-view results were generally superior compared to one view results, were subject to some artifact in imaging defects, but could detect defects by looking at the differences between two sets of images, and were fairly insensitive to ventricle angulation. Therefore, two-view tomography has promise for thallium-type imaging. PMID- 6607985 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - A case of Kaposi's sarcoma, which first appeared as an erythematous oral lesion, in a patient with AIDS is presented. Current concepts regarding these disease entities are reviewed, and recommendations for protection of personnel when providing care for AIDS patients are outlined. PMID- 6607986 TI - Management of esophageal varices in children by injection sclerotherapy. AB - Esophageal varices in 57 consecutive children were treated by injection sclerotherapy using 5% ethanolamine oleate injection via a fiberoptic endoscope (Olympus P2). Variceal obliteration was achieved with 4.7 and 5.7 injections in the extra- and intrahepatic disease groups. Complications of injections included hemorrhage, esophageal ulceration, and stricture. Thirty two cases were followed from 6 to 60 months after treatment and only five further bleeds were observed (extrahepatic 1: intrahepatic 4). The early results suggest that sclerotherapy is an effective method for the control of esophageal varices in children. PMID- 6607987 TI - Transport characteristics of p-acetamidobenzoic acid in brush border membrane of rat small intestine. AB - Brush border membrane vesicles of rat small intestinal mucosa were prepared by the modified calcium precipitation method in order to investigate the intestinal secretion mechanism of p-acetamidobenzoic acid (Ac-PABA). The release rate of [14C]-Ac-PABA from preloaded vesicles was much faster than that of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and was enhanced by the addition of unlabelled Ac-PABA in the outer medium. In contrast, the membrane transfer rate of Ac-PABA across the egg lecithin liposomes was slower than that of PABA. The contribution of a carrier mediated transport mechanism in the brush border membrane to the intestinal secretion of Ac-PABA was suggested. PMID- 6607988 TI - Oxygen uptake of frog skeletal muscle fibres following tetanic contractions at 18 degrees C. AB - Oxygen consumption following isometric tetanic contractions of single fibres and multifibre preparations of the tibialis anterior muscle of Rana temporaria was determined by continuous polarographic measurement of the PO2 in a 280 microliter glass chamber. Mixing of the fluid surrounding the muscle was achieved by an Archimedian screw. Force was measured via a stainless-steel wire leaving the chamber via a glass capillary. The characteristics of the oxygen-measuring system were assessed by injection of 1.6 microliter dye into the chamber and filming its subsequent distribution, and by injection of 1.6 microliter Ringer solution with a high (or low) oxygen content into the chamber and measuring the subsequent change of oxygen. It was found that a change in oxygen was measured after a true delay of 3 s and with an over-all time constant of 3.25 s following that delay. For seven single fibres the oxygen consumption following a 3 s tetanus was on average 2.46 mumol g-1; the average integrated value of the developed stress was 0.98 N mm-2 s. These two values were on average about 45% lower for the same tetani of multifibre preparations, but the average ratio of oxygen consumption to integrated stress was the same. Oxygen consumption was varied by changing tetanus duration. When the amount of oxygen consumed was plotted against stress integral a non-linear relationship was found because oxygen consumption increased less than the integrated stress value with longer tetani. Oxygen consumption did not start at the onset of contraction but about 10 s later. It then followed an exponential time course with an average time constant of 120 s. Delay and time constant were independent of the amount of oxygen consumed. The finding that oxygen consumption follows contraction after a delay of a few seconds confirms a similar conclusion drawn indirectly from studies on recovery heat by other investigators. A dependency of the time course of oxygen consumption on tetanus duration, as reported in the literature for frog muscle at 0 degree C, was not found. PMID- 6607989 TI - Natamycin and nystatin for treatment of oral candidiasis during and after radiotherapy. PMID- 6607990 TI - Cannabis use and sensation-seeking orientation. AB - Cannabis use and its relationship with sensation-seeking orientation was investigated in 48 college and university students of both sexes. Users and nonusers were matched for sex, age, and education. Cannabis users scored higher on all the four subscales of the sensation-seeking scale (SSS). Analysis of covariance controlling for the use of alcohol, cigarettes, and LSD decreased the level of significance between the user and nonuser groups on all the subscales and the total SSS scores; however, the differences between the user and nonuser remained significant on the disinhibition subscale and the total SSS scores. PMID- 6607991 TI - Depersonalization in a nonclinical population. AB - The present study assessed the prevalence and characteristics of depersonalization phenomena in a nonclinical population. Undergraduate students (N = 388) responded to a questionnaire soliciting information regarding the experience of depersonalization, age at onset, number, frequency, duration, and intensity of depersonalization experiences, level of pleasantness/unpleasantness, diminution of experiences with and without professional assistance, and relation of depersonalization to other factors. Of the Ss, 34% reported depersonalization. No significant sex differences were noted but relationships between years of experience of depersonalization and intensity, frequency, and number of experiences were significant. PMID- 6607992 TI - Changes in oestrogen biosynthesis in preovulatory rat follicles after blockage of ovulation with pentobarbitone sodium. AB - Follicles isolated 1 and 2 days after pentobarbitone sodium injection at pro oestrus were incubated with C-21 steroids or aromatizable C-19 steroids. Addition of testosterone or androstenedione (50 ng/ml) increased oestradiol production by ovulation-blocked follicles, while addition of progesterone or 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone was ineffective. LH-stimulated oestradiol production was lower in follicles isolated 1 and 2 days after pentobarbitone sodium injection, but progesterone production was elevated compared to pro-oestrous follicles. Total steroidogenesis, measured by pregnenolone production in the presence of inhibitors of pregnenolone conversion, did not differ on the 3 days. The activity of C17-20 lyase, measured in follicular homogenates, decreased between pro oestrus and the next day. Aromatase and 17 alpha-hydroxylase activities also decreased, but the activity of these enzymes was always considerably higher than that of C17-20 lyase. It is concluded that the decrease in follicular oestradiol production after injection of pentobarbitone sodium was due primarily to a decrease in the activity of the enzyme system responsible for the conversion of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to androstenedione, thereby limiting the amount of substrate available for aromatization to oestrogen. PMID- 6607993 TI - Observer variation in grading sacroiliac radiography in HLA-B27 positive individuals. PMID- 6607994 TI - HLA-B27 and involvement of sacroiliac joints in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The frequency of radiographic signs of sacroiliac joint involvement (greater than or equal to 2 and greater than or equal to 3 according to the New York criteria) was significantly higher in 28 HLA-B27 positive patients with classical seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA), than in 28 B27 negative RA controls. The B27 positive RA patients had more subcutaneous nodules (p less than 0.01), worse functional class (p less than 0.05), and higher levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (p less than 0.05) and haptoglobin (p less than 0.05). Sacroiliitis, independent of HLA-B27, was associated with higher levels of ESR (p less than 0.05), and with a higher frequency of positive ANA test (p less than 0.05). It is neither related to the functional class nor to the duration of the disease. PMID- 6607995 TI - Aortic insufficiency in Reiter's syndrome of juvenile onset. AB - Reiter's syndrome is an uncommon cause of childhood arthritis and aortic incompetence is extremely rare in these patients. A 7-year-old boy with Reiter's syndrome and hemodynamically significant aortic insufficiency is reported. He was HLD-B27 positive and valvular incompetence was detected 32 months after the onset while active synovitis was still present. PMID- 6607996 TI - Exacerbation of B27 positive spondyloarthropathy by enteric infections. AB - Two patients developed reactive arthritis after enteritis secondary to Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella Group B, respectively. Each patient had an established spondyloarthropathy and was HLA-B27 positive. While enteric pathogens are widely reported to cause reactive arthritis, these patients illustrate that exacerbations of arthritic syndromes may also be precipitated. Our findings support the concept that abnormalities of bowel flora may affect the course of B27 associated arthropathies PMID- 6607997 TI - Histiocytosis X and erythropoietic protoporphyria. PMID- 6607998 TI - Dependence of beta-lactamase stability on substructures within beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 6607999 TI - Dibenz[b,e]oxepinalkanoic acids as nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. 4. Synthesis and evaluation of 4-(4,10-dihydro-10-oxothieno[3,2-c] [1]benzoxepin-8 yl)butanol and -butyric acid and related derivatives. AB - 4,10-Dihydro-10-oxothieno[3,2-c][1]benzoxepin-8-acetic acid (6) was previously reported as a potent antiinflammatory-analgesic agent characterized by an impressive therapeutic ratio in comparison with indomethacin. With the goal of finding compounds that might display even more favorable therapeutic ratios and/or enhanced antiinflammatory/analgesic properties in comparison to 6, we synthesized 4-(4,10-dihydro-10-oxothieno [3,2-c][1]-benzoxepin-8-yl) butanol (4b) and -butyric acid (5a) and a series of related derivatives. All compounds were evaluated for potential analgesic activity in the phenylquinone-induced writhing (PQW) assay, for antiinflammatory activity in the carrageenan-induced paw edema (CPE) model and, where warranted, for gastric irritation (GI) liability. Of the compounds investigated, 4b (HP 573) displays moderate analgesic-like activity in PQW, is approximately half as potent as indomethacin or 6 as an antiinflammatory agent in the CPE, and is characterized by an extremely low propensity to induce GI as reflected by comparison of the therapeutic ratios (GI ED50/CPE ED50: 4b greater than 46, 6 = 9.9, indomethacin = 0.4). Compound 4b was selected for clinical evaluation. PMID- 6608000 TI - Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. 14. Synthesis and pharmacological profile of 6-chloro-5-(cyclopentylmethyl)indan-1-carboxylic acid. AB - The preparation of 6-chloro-5-(cyclopentylmethyl)indan-1-carboxylic acid is described. This acid has good anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities without producing irritation in the gastrointestinal tract up to the highest tested dose. PMID- 6608001 TI - Different levels of lymphocyte adenosine deaminase in active and inactive forms of chronic liver disease. AB - Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). Mean ADA levels were decreased in patients with untreated chronic active hepatitis (CAH). ADA levels in patients with CAH in remission under immunosuppressive treatment and in patients with inactive cirrhosis (IC) were similar to control values. ADA levels were not related to any of the biochemical parameters examined, or to the percentage of T cells evaluated on the same PBMC preparations. Our data suggest that biochemical and/or histological remission in CLD may be associated with normalization of ADA levels in PBMC. PMID- 6608002 TI - Biochemical correlates of progesterone-induced plasma membrane depolarization during the first meiotic division in Rana oocytes. AB - Changes in protein synthesis, protein phosphorylation and lipid phosphorylation in the amphibian oocyte plasma membrane have been correlated with electrical changes following steroid induction of the completion of the first meiotic division. The oocyte first depolarizes from about -60 mV (inside negative) to about -25 mV 1 to 2 hr before breakdown of the large nucleus followed by a further depolarization beginning 3 to 6 hr after nuclear breakdown. The initial depolarization is associated with appearance of previously described cycloheximide-sensitive cytoplasmic factor(s) which induce both nuclear breakdown and plasma membrane depolarization. We found a similar ED50 (0.4 microM) for cycloheximide inhibition of nuclear breakdown, membrane depolarization, and [3H] leucine incorporation. Emetine (1 nM to 1 mM) was inactive. The period of cycloheximide sensitivity (first 5 hr) is essentially the same for plasma membrane depolarization and nuclear breakdown. The onset of the second depolarization phase following nuclear breakdown is associated with a marked increase in the rate of [3H]-leucine and [32PO4] incorporation into membrane protein and lipid. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of membrane protein and lipoprotein indicated that a major newly synthesized membrane component is proteolipid. An increase in [32PO4] incorporation into membrane phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine (with a decrease in phosphatidylcholine [32PO4] begins during the second depolarization phase and coincides with the appearance of excitability in the oocyte plasma membrane. In toto, the bulk of the biochemical changes (proteins, phosphoproteins, proteolipids, phospholipids) appear to be associated with plasma membrane components and coincide with stepwise changes in membrane permeability to specific ions (e.g. Cl-). PMID- 6608003 TI - Changes in the lateral filament spacing of skinned muscle fibres when cross bridges attach. AB - When a skinned fibre prepared from frog skeletal muscle goes from the relaxed to the rigor state at a sarcomere length of about 2.2 micron, the 1, 0 transverse spacing of the filament lattice, measured by X-ray diffraction, decreases by about 11%. In measurements at various sarcomere lengths, the decrease in the spacing was approximately proportional to the degree of overlap between the thick and thin filaments. This suggests that the shrinkage of the lattice is caused by a lateral force produced by cross-bridges. In order to estimate the magnitude of the lateral force, the decrease of spacing between relaxed and rigor states was compared with the shrinkage caused osmotically by adding a high molecular weight polymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone, to the bathing solution. The results indicate that the lateral force produced per unit length of thick filament in the overlap zone is of the same order of magnitude as the axially directed force produced during maximum isometric contraction (10(-10) to 10(-9) N/micron). Experiments in the presence of a high concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone (100 g/l) show that when the lattice spacing is decreased osmotically beyond a certain value, the lateral force produced when the fibre goes into rigor changes its direction, causing the lattice to swell. This result can be explained by assuming that there is an optimum interfilament spacing at which the cross-bridges produce no lateral force. At other spacings, the lateral force tends to displace the filament lattice toward that optimum value. PMID- 6608004 TI - What's your impression? Dislocated (cataractous) lens with bullous keratopathy. PMID- 6608005 TI - Chelate antidotes for sodium vanadate and vanadyl sulfate intoxication in mice. AB - Eighteen different chelating agents, including all of those previously shown to have a protective action in vanadium intoxication, have been compared as antidotes for acute vanadium intoxication using mice. Of these compounds, those found to be effective antidotes for both vanadate (VO3(-3)) and vanadyl (VO2+) include ascorbic acid, deferoxamine, D-penicillamine, sodium calcium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Na3CaDTPA), Na2CaEDTA, glutathione, Tiron, and ethylenediaminetetra(methylene phosphonate). Of the compounds examined, ascorbic acid appeared to be the most promising for human use. When administered at the levels used in this study, it is an effective antidote for intoxication due to either the vanadate or the vanadyl ion. Certain compounds are able to act as antidotes for vanadate solely by virtue of their action as a reducing agent; when these compounds are unable to form complexes with the reduction product (vanadyl ion), they are effective antidotes for the higher oxidation state only when the concentration of vanadyl produced is less than the level that results in toxic effects. PMID- 6608006 TI - Mutations in gag proteins P12 and P15 of Moloney murine leukemia virus block early stages of infection. AB - A collection of mutants of Moloney murine leukemia virus with deletions in the gag gene was generated by restriction enzyme site-directed mutagenesis of a cloned proviral DNA. The mutants all contained deletions of the NarI site in the P12 region, and some contained deletions extending into the adjacent P15 region. The deletions did not significantly affect the assembly or release of viral particles. Examination of endogenous reverse transcription products demonstrated normal synthesis of minus- and plus-strand strong-stop DNAs, indicating that the RNA genome was packaged and that reverse transcription in detergent-permeabilized virions was not impaired. The virion particles contained high levels of an abnormal protein which corresponded to a P15-P12 fusion protein; proteolytic processing of this abnormal protein was completely blocked by all the mutations. The infectivity of the particles was dramatically reduced. Analysis of the low molecular-weight DNA in infected NIH/3T3 cells indicated that the mutant virions could not carry out viral DNA synthesis. These data suggest that the P12 and P15 proteins may not be critical for virion assembly but do play an important role in early steps of viral infection. PMID- 6608008 TI - Leads from the MMWR. Severe neutropenia during pentamidine treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with AIDS. PMID- 6608007 TI - Role of T-lymphocyte subsets in recovery from herpes simplex virus infection. AB - Our investigations probed the nature of different T-lymphocyte subsets effecting clearance of herpes simplex virus after infection of the pinna. Cell populations from animals recently infected subcutaneously or intraperitoneally (acute population) or from animals infected 6 weeks previously (primed population) or the latter cells reimmunized in vitro with virus (memory population) were studied. Viral clearance was a function of the Lyt 1+2- subset in the acute population, but with the memory population both Lyt 1+ and Lyt 2+ cells affected clearance. In primed populations, viral clearance was effected only by the Lyt 2+ subset. The ability of the various cell populations to adoptively transfer delayed-type hypersensitivity was also studied. Only acute population cells from animals infected subcutaneously and memory population cells transferred delayed type hypersensitivity. In both cases, the cell subtype was Lyt 1+2-. Our results demonstrated that the delayed-type hypersensitivity response does not always correlate with immunity to herpes simplex virus. Multiple subsets of T cells participate in viral clearance, and their respective importances vary according to the stage of the virus-host interaction. PMID- 6608009 TI - Recent trends in tuberculosis in children. AB - From 1976 through 1981, the incidence of tuberculosis in the United States among children 0 through 14 years of age failed to decline. The incidence had declined at a rate of about 9% per year from 1962 through 1975. The failure was observed for both sexes and for white children and children of "other" races. Data confined to 1980 and 1981 suggested that Hispanic children with tuberculosis may have accounted for the stability of the tuberculosis case rate among white children. Tuberculosis among Indochinese refugee children accounted for the stability of the case rate among children of other races. PMID- 6608010 TI - Practical economic considerations of clinical nuclear magnetic resonance. PMID- 6608011 TI - B-cell immunodeficiency in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - To investigate B-cell function in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), we immunized a group of patients with AIDS with pneumococcal polysaccharide (tetradecavalent) and protein (keyhole-limpet hemocyanin) antigens. Antibody responses were determined three to four weeks after immunization. Compared with controls, patients with AIDS had significantly lower geometric mean antibody levels to polysaccharide before and after immunization. Levels before and after immunization were frequently below a level thought to correlate with protection. Patients with AIDS also had a significant reduction in their primary antibody response to the protein antigens. The results of these studies indicate that AIDS is associated with an acquired B-cell as well as T-cell immunodeficiency. It is suggested that future studies should consider the evaluation of passive antibody in the prevention of infection and/or prevention of progressive immunodeficiency. PMID- 6608012 TI - A case of variant angina and myocardial infarction 6 months after successful bypass surgery. AB - A 61-year-old man with variant angina underwent bypass surgery to the left anterior descending artery (LAD) which had a 90% narrowing in the proximal segment. The postoperative course was favorable, but 6 months after surgery, the calcium antagonist, diltiazem, with which the patient had been continuously treated since surgery, was stopped because of hepatitis. Immediately after discontinuation of the calcium antagonist, the patient had an acute anterior myocardial infarction. An angiogram demonstrated a patent graft and an anteroapical infarction. The infarction is thought to have been caused by a severe, prolonged spasm of the LAD distal to the graft or diffuse spasm of the LAD throughout its entire length. Thus, after bypass surgery calcium antagonists should be given continuously to patients with variant forms of angina pectoris. PMID- 6608013 TI - [Current topics on tumor immunology]. AB - The historical review of the immune surveillance was briefly mentioned. From the standpoint of tumor antigens, it was stressed that the potent antigenicity of tumor cells is primarily of importance in cancer immunotherapy. As for the augmentation of the antigenicity of tumor cells, highly immunogenic tumor hybrid cells were prepared by cell fusion between syngeneic cultured fibroblasts and primary methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma cells. The hybrid cells inoculated induced the immunity in syngeneic hosts against the challenging parent tumor cells, but enhanced humoral immune response pre-existed in tumor-bearing state, resulting in tumor-growth enhancement. The suppression of humoral response by administration of cyclophosphamide and following injection of the immunogenic hybrid cells or spleen cells of mice immunized with the hybrid cells could eliminate tumor effectively. Thus, the efficacy of active cancer immunotherapy will be achieved only after suppression of the tumor escape mechanism. PMID- 6608014 TI - [Role of immunologic activity of host in radiotherapy]. AB - The results of our studies on immunologic activity of host following irradiation to tumor in mice were summarized in this paper. The spleen cells from tumor irradiated mice inhibited growth of tumor in mice inoculated tumor cells with these spleen cells. These spleen cells also inhibited the colony formation and tumor growth in vitro system. The cytostatic activity of these spleen cells were enhanced after tumor irradiation. These results suggest that the specific anti tumor cell-mediated immunity in host is enhanced by local irradiation to tumor, and that these immunologic effects depend on the presence of both T cells and macrophages. PMID- 6608015 TI - [Subsets of peripheral blood lymphocytes studied with monoclonal antibodies, with special reference to chronic hepatitis]. PMID- 6608016 TI - [Introduction of the POS (problem-oriented system) to nursing staff at the Tsukiji Obstetrical Hospital. 1. Introduction to the system. 1]. PMID- 6608017 TI - [Introduction of the POS to nursing staff at the Tsukiji Obstetrical Hospital. Monitoring the system]. PMID- 6608018 TI - [Introduction of the POS to nursing staff at the Tsukiji Obstetrical Hospital. Evaluation of the system]. PMID- 6608019 TI - [Introduction of the POS to nursing staff at the Tsukiji Obstetrical Hospital. 2. Practice of the POS at various departments. 1. Obstetrical outpatient clinic]. PMID- 6608020 TI - [Introduction of the POS to nursing staff at the Tsukiji Obstetrical Hospital. 2. Practice of the POS at various departments. 2. At the post-delivery room]. PMID- 6608021 TI - [Introduction of the POS to nursing staff at the Tsukiji Obstetrical Hospital. 2. Practice of the POS at various departments. 3. At the delivery room]. PMID- 6608022 TI - [Introduction of the POS to nursing staff at the Tsukiji Obstetrical Hospital. 2. Practice of the POS at various departments. 4. At the nursery for newborn infants]. PMID- 6608023 TI - [Introduction of the POS to nursing staff at the Tsukiji Obstetrical Hospital. 2. Practice of the POS at various departments. 5. At the ward for newborn infants]. PMID- 6608024 TI - [Immune complex deposits(IgG-IgG-antinuclear antibody/rheumatoid factor) in tissues of NZB/W F1 mice]. PMID- 6608025 TI - [Humoral immunity in chronic renal failure]. PMID- 6608026 TI - [Psychological response of a patient undergoing coronary bypass]. PMID- 6608028 TI - [Basis of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and its application to NMR-CT]. PMID- 6608027 TI - [Low frequency interference therapy of asthmatic patients]. PMID- 6608029 TI - Effects of electrical constants on conduction velocity of action potentials measured with unidimensional latency-topography in frog skeletal muscle fibers. AB - Conduction velocity (CV) of an action potential recorded from a single muscle fiber of the frog was measured with a new method, unidimensional latency topography, and electrical membrane constants were determined for the same muscle fiber. CV = 1.96 +/- 0.27 m/sec (n = 52) at about 20 degrees C. Temperature coefficient of CV: Q10 = 2.0. Electrical membrane constants in the same muscle fibers (n = 52): lambda = 3.25 +/- 0.83 mm, tau = 33.4 +/- 14.3 msec, Cm = 6.09 +/- 2.13 mu F/cm2, D = 129.4 +/- 28.9 micron (mean +/- S.D.). The CV decreased linearly with increment of time constant, tau, and membrane capacity per unit area, Cm. The space constant, lambda, and the fiber diameter of the muscle fiber, D, did not correlate with CV. It was concluded that the T-system, which contributes largely to membrane capacity, has a great influence on the CV. PMID- 6608031 TI - [Supraosseous electromechanical osteosynthesis]. PMID- 6608030 TI - A 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance study on lactate and intracellular pH in frog muscle. AB - High resolution proton magnetic resonance spectra of intact frog muscle, obtained by the selective saturation of water signal with 15 min accumulation, showed well resolved signals from lactate, carnosine, and other compounds. This technique was used to monitor the changes in lactate content and in intracellular pH which was estimated from the chemical shift of carnosine in muscle. The intracellular pH was estimated to be 7.1 in fresh muscles. Under an anaerobic condition, resting muscle showed a gradual increase in lactate content with intracellular acidification. When the anaerobic muscle was electrically stimulated for 5 sec, a transient acceleration of the lactate production and the intracellular acidification was observed. The intracellular buffer value was estimated to be 27 mEq/(pH X kg muscle), based on the pH change due to the increase in lactate content. PMID- 6608032 TI - [Hereditary and genetic aspects of cystic hypoplasia and acquired bronchiectasis]. PMID- 6608033 TI - [Immunologic reactivity of the body in sarcoidosis patients]. PMID- 6608034 TI - Reoperation in patients with patent atherosclerotic coronary vein grafts. A different approach to a different disease. AB - Atherosclerotic changes are often noted in vein grafts at angiography 8 to 10 years after coronary artery grafting. Reoperation in these patients is hazardous, as manipulation of the grafts may loosen atheromatous debris and cause coronary embolization and myocardial infarction. A technique is described to avoid embolization of atheromatous material during reoperation in patients with patent atherosclerotic coronary vein grafts. This technique was carried out in six patients and compared to the standard technique of reoperation in similar patients. The incidence of complicated perioperative myocardial infarction (0/6 versus 5/12) and perioperative death (zero versus three) was lower when our new technique was used. This approach consists of minimal dissection for access to the right atrium and ascending aorta for cannulation, prompt ligation of all patent grafts at the start of cardiopulmonary bypass, cardioplegic infusion through the ascending aorta and subsequently also through newly inserted grafts using larger infusions until myocardial temperatures reach less than or equal to 15 degrees C, and single aortic clamping for distal and proximal anastomoses. PMID- 6608035 TI - Preliminary experience with a new technique of insertion and removal of the intra aortic balloon pump into the ascending aorta. PMID- 6608036 TI - Lymphocytes T and pharmacokinetics after a single oral dose of levamisole in healthy and cancer subjects. AB - Levamisole, an anthelmintic drug with immunopotentiating activity, is shown to have variable effects on cell-mediated immunity. We have studied the effect of a single oral dose (2.5 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg) on early and spontaneous E rosettes percentages in healthy and cancer patients. Pharmacokinetic study of this compound was conducted in parallel. The results indicated that single administration of levamisole (2.5 mg/kg) in healthy men can promote an increase of early E rosettes with mean peak plasma level of 0.8 micrograms. ml-1. On the other hand, there was no change in the proportion of early E rosettes in cancer patients and in the proportion of spontaneous E rosettes in healthy and cancer subjects. PMID- 6608037 TI - [Complications of endoscopic sclerotherapy of esophageal varices]. PMID- 6608038 TI - [Ultrastructure of cilia in Kartagener syndrome]. AB - The lack of mucociliary transport causes chronic inflammations in the upper and lower respiratory tract and in the middle ear mucosa. The mucosa of 4 female patients with Kartagener's syndrome was studied by means of TEM (transmission electron microscopy) and SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and compared with the fine structure of normal cilia which were also found in these areas. All specimens studied showed, to a different extent, alterations in the fine structure of the axonemata, especially the absence or malformed ATP-ase dynein arms, the lack of spokes and/or the misarrangement of microtubuli within the cilia. The importance of this congenital anomaly - "immotile cilia" - is discussed with the trias of Kartagener's syndrome. PMID- 6608039 TI - Head and neck manifestations of histiocytosis-X. AB - Histiocytosis-X is an uncommon disease, but is relevant to the otolaryngologist because patients with this malady present with, or ultimately develop, head and neck manifestations. Sixty-two patients with histologically confirmed histiocytosis-X have been examined at the Hospital for Sick Children in London since 1958. Most patients were under 2 years of age on initial examination and had either osseous or dermatologic disease involvement. Less commonly, otic or oral lesions were found. Histiocytosis-X is a systemic disease and must be treated accordingly. Isolated lesions may mimic common disease processes, therefore it is imperative that if a seemingly simple problem does not resolve with routine therapy, further patient evaluation be undertaken, If diagnosed, histiocytosis-X can generally be controlled with steroid therapy, or in more recalcitrant cases, by the addition of chemotherapy. PMID- 6608040 TI - Myocardial revascularization by laser: a clinical report. AB - Methods used to revascularize ischemic myocardium have included arterial reconstruction, coronary artery bypass grafting, providing direct circulation from the intraventricular chamber, and techniques to promote collateral circulation. Ventricular channels from the epicardial surface through the endocardium are readily made with the CO2 laser. Animal experiments suggest that these channels protect the ischemic myocardium and provide circulation to the muscle from the ventricular chamber. Clinical use of the CO2 laser in conjunction with aortocoronary bypass grafting is reported in a patient with three-vessel coronary artery disease and total occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), and hypokinesis of the anterior wall and apex. Following bypass a series of laser channels were made in the hypokinetic area of the left ventricle. Postoperative myocardial Tc PYP scans were within normal limits, including the previously dyskinetic anterior apical area. Serial EKGs remained unchanged from the preoperative status. Creatinine phosphokinase-myocardial band (CPK-MB) was elevated to 6 on the first and second postop day and was 0 from the third day. The patient was not recatheterized. The technique of myocardial revascularization by laser may be a viable addition to present treatment modalities. Further investigation and long-term follow-up are needed. PMID- 6608041 TI - Synthesis of tritium labeled Ac-[Nle4, D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH4-11-NH2: a superpotent melanotropin with prolonged biological activity. AB - Ac-[Nle4, D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH4-11-NH2 an octapeptide, is a melanotropin analogue (Ac-Nle-Glu-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-NH2), which is a superpotent agonist of frog and lizard skin melanocytes and mouse S 91 (Cloudman) melanoma cells. This melanotropin possesses ultraprolonged activity on melanocytes, both in vitro and in vivo, and the peptide is resistant to inactivation by serum enzymes. The tritium-labeled congener was prepared by direct incorporation of [3H]-labeled norleucine into the peptide. The melanotropic activity of the labeled peptide is identical to the unlabeled analogue. This labeled peptide should be useful for studies on the localization and characterization of melanotropin receptors. PMID- 6608042 TI - Direct stimulatory effect of ethanol on 17 alpha-hydroxylase activity of rat testis interstitial cells. AB - These studies examined the in vitro effects of ethanol on the activities of steroidogenic enzymes involved in the conversion of progesterone to testosterone in 10,000xg supernatants of rat testis interstitial cells. 17 alpha-Hydroxylase activity of interstitial cells increased in direct relation to the final concentration of ethanol added (2.2 - 652 mM); however, 17,20-lyase and 17 ketosteroid reductase activities were not affected. These studies, together with a previous study, where we showed that testosterone accumulation by intact interstitial cells was inhibited by ethanol when either progesterone or 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone (but not androstenedione) were added as exogenous substrates, suggest that ethanol, in addition to stimulating 17 alpha-hydroxylase activity, inhibits the normal coupling of 17, 20-lyase activity with the 17-ketosteroid reductase activity. PMID- 6608043 TI - Comparison of the diagnosis of oesophageal varices by oesophagoscopy and transhepatic portography. AB - We compared the diagnosis of oesophageal varices obtained by oesophagoscopy and percutaneous transhepatic portography in 78 patients with hepatic cirrhosis who were suspected of having oesophageal varices because of ascites and/or preceding upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Portograms were evaluated independently of the clinical and endoscopical findings. Endoscopy showed varices in 59 patients and portography in 54 patients. The two methods agreed on the presence of varices only in 46 patients (59%), on the absence of varices in 11 patients (14%), and disagreed in 21 patients (27%). Among the patients showing varices by endoscopy, portography agreed on the diagnosis in 78%, and among patients without endoscopical varices, portography agreed in 58%. The corresponding rates of agreement expected by chance alone are 69% and 31%, respectively. The free portal pressure was lowest in patients with no varices according to both techniques, highest in patients with varices by both techniques and intermediate in patients in whom there was disagreement on the diagnosis. Modification of the criteria for endoscopical and portographical diagnosis of varices and distinction between patients with and without ascites and preceding haemorrhage had no appreciable effect on the agreement. We conclude that endoscopy and portography show only moderate agreement in the diagnosis of oesophageal varices. PMID- 6608044 TI - [Significance of the vestibular analyzer in the choice of some job specialties]. PMID- 6608045 TI - [Detection of B-cells in pluripotent hematopoietic cell colonies (CFU-GEMMT) from the bone marrow of patients with lymphomas]. PMID- 6608046 TI - [Peculiarities of the clinical manifestation and course of rheumatic diseases in relation to age and sex]. PMID- 6608047 TI - [Quenching of the luminescence of phosphorescent bacteria as a test for assessing the toxicity of the phenol components of sewage]. AB - The object of this work was to estimate whether the luminescence of luminescent bacteria could be used as a biological test for assessment of the toxicity of phenol compounds in sewage. The toxicity of phenol compounds for luminescent bacteria was compared in terms of three indices: the quenching of luminescence, the inhibition of dehydrogenase activity and the ability to grow. Among the three indices, the quenching of luminescence was characterized by the highest sensitivity and the most rapid response. PMID- 6608048 TI - Effect of menopause and estrogen substitutional therapy on magnesium metabolism. AB - Magnesium homeostasis was determined in 48 healthy premenopausal women and in 54 early postmenopausal women. After an initial examination, the 54 postmenopausal women were randomly allocated to two groups with 33 receiving placebo treatment and 21 receiving estrogen substitutional therapy for 2 years. The 24-hour mean urinary excretion rates of magnesium were increased in the 54 postmenopausal women compared with the premenopausal women, namely: 467 +/- 20 (SEM) versus 355 +/- 13 mmol/mol creatinine (p less than 0.001) or 33.9 +/- 1.2 versus 24.3 +/- 1.0 mumol/l glomerular filtration (p less than 0.001). The same pattern was observed when the excretion rates were determined on fasting 1-hour morning urinary collections. This postmenopausal hypermagnesiuria was reduced to the premenopausal level during 2 years of estrogen substitutional therapy (p less than 0.001). As no evidence of hypomagnesemia was found, postmenopausal hypermagnesiuria probably originates from increased intestinal magnesium absorption, somehow induced by estrogen deficiency. PMID- 6608049 TI - Relationship of dUMP and free FdUMP pools to inhibition of thymidylate synthase by 5-fluorouracil. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare the pools of free FdUMP derived from 5 fluorouracil (FUra) and of dUMP synthesized de novo in Hep-2 and S-180 cells, their relationship to inhibition of thymidylate synthase (dTMP synthase; EC 2.1.1.45), and the effect of excess folinic acid (CF) on these parameters. These cells differ 50-fold in their sensitivity to FUra and, in the absence of thymidine, dTMP synthase is the growth-limiting site of action of FUra in S-180 cells, but in Hep-2 cells this site becomes growth-limiting only in the presence of excess folates. In both cells after a 3-hr incubation with varied concentrations of FUra, FdUMP comprised only 0.1-0.2% of the total acid-soluble pools derived from FUra. The changes in dUMP and FdUMP pools paralleled each other, dUMP being 1000-2000 times higher than FdUMP. The pools of dUMP increased only when dTMP synthase was significantly inhibited. This occurred in S-180 cells above 3 microM FUra and in Hep-2 cells above 30 microM, where the residual dTMP synthase was similar in both cells. Under these conditions, the dUMP and FdUMP pools in Hep-2 cells were 2 and 4 times higher, respectively, than in S-180 cells. After FUra removal, both pools continued to increase, dUMP and FdUMP pools in Hep-2 cells rising 6-fold and 10-fold higher, respectively, than in S-180 cells. The dTMP synthase inhibition and the high nucleotide pools in Hep-2 were short-lived, whereas in S-180 cells the inhibition and the pools were maintained longer. Excess CF retarded the recovery of dTMP synthase after FUra removal only in Hep-2 cells and led to a further increase in dUMP and FdUMP pools in these cells, while having no effect in S-180 cells. These data indicate that a high capacity of cells to accumulate free FdUMP does not alone guarantee that dTMP synthase inhibition will be growth-limiting. The relationship shown here between excess CF, dTMP synthase recovery, and the nucleotide pools suggests that some cell types, such as Hep-2, in spite of high levels of FdUMP, require in addition an excess of folates to retard dTMP synthase recovery and make it growth limiting. PMID- 6608050 TI - Transvenous catheter ablation of a posteroseptal accessory pathway in a patient with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. PMID- 6608051 TI - Platelet aggregation induced by DDAVP in platelet-type von Willebrand's disease. PMID- 6608052 TI - Myocardial infarction and mortality in the coronary artery surgery study (CASS) randomized trial. AB - The long-term benefit of coronary bypass surgery in terms of longevity and prevention of major ischemic events in patients who have mild angina is not well defined. The randomized Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) was designed to evaluate this issue; it consists of 780 patients who were considered operable and who had mild stable angina pectoris or who were free of angina after infarction. As a result of the randomization process there were no significant differences in base-line variables between patients randomly assigned to medical and to surgical therapy. The likelihood of death in the five-year period after randomization was only 8 per cent in the medical cohort, as compared with 5 per cent in the surgical cohort (not significant). The likelihood of nonfatal Q-wave myocardial infarction was 11 and 14 per cent, respectively (not significant). The five-year probability of remaining alive and free of infarction was 82 per cent in the patients assigned to medical therapy and 83 per cent in the patients assigned to surgery (not significant). There were no statistically significant differences in the survival rate or in the myocardial-infarction rate between subgroups of patients randomly assigned to medical and to surgical therapy when they were analyzed according to initial group assignment, number of diseased vessels, or ejection fraction. Therefore, as compared with medical therapy, coronary bypass surgery appears neither to prolong life nor to prevent myocardial infarction in patients who have mild angina or who are asymptomatic after infarction in the five-year period after coronary angiography. PMID- 6608053 TI - The T-lymphocyte antigen receptor--elusive no more. PMID- 6608054 TI - Immunology: rational design of vaccines. PMID- 6608055 TI - Intrathymic presentation of circulating non-major histocompatibility complex antigens. AB - Intrathymic selection of T-cell specificity has been shown to be influenced by self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens encoded by radioresistant thymic stromal cells. The role of non-MHC antigens in intrathymic T-cell differentiation, in particular induction of antigen-specific tolerance, has been unclear and the access of non-MHC antigens to the thymus is controversial. Here we present evidence that circulating protein antigens enter the thymus and are presented by thymic stromal cells. At least three distinct types of stromal cells are thought to be associated with intrathymic lymphopoiesis; after intravenous (i.v.) injection of antigen only I-A/E-positive medullary dendritic cells, but not I-A/E-negative macrophages or I-A/E-positive cortical epithelial cells co purified with antigen-specific stimulation of cloned T-helper cells in vitro. Antigen presentation by thymic stromal cells was dependent on the dose of antigen injected and the time interval after injection. PMID- 6608057 TI - Herpes zoster ophthalmicus. PMID- 6608056 TI - A venom peptide with a novel presynaptic blocking action. AB - The venom of the fish-eating marine mollusc, Conus geographus, contains several neurotoxic peptides having different targets. A novel peptide has recently been isolated from the venom of C. geographus by Drs B. M. Olivera and W. R. Gray and colleagues in our department (in preparation). We report here that this peptide, designated omega CgTX (omega C. geographus toxin), irreversibly blocks nerve stimulus-evoked release of transmitter at the frog skeletal neuromuscular junction. Experiments indicate that the toxin acts by preventing action potential. Consistent with this is the demonstration that omega CgTX also irreversibly attenuates the Ca2+ component of the action potential in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurones from embryonic chick. omega CgTX thus provides a unique and potentially powerful probe for exploring the presynaptic terminal. PMID- 6608058 TI - [Stationary characteristics of proton receptors in the somatic membrane of sensory neurons in the rat]. AB - Steady-state properties of proton-activated Na+ permeability in the membrane of rat sensory neurons have been investigated under conditions of intracellular perfusion and voltage clamp. The desensitization of this mechanism is found to develop at weakly basic pH levels (pKa 7.15). The desensitization is highly cooperative: its Hill coefficient is close to 7, while for activation it is about 2. Divalent cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) complete with protons by changing corresponding pKa both for activation and desensitization without affecting the Hill coefficient. PMID- 6608059 TI - [Mixed connective tissue disease as a neurologic disease picture]. PMID- 6608060 TI - Case report of intraoperative hemodialysis during coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 6608061 TI - [Electrical stimulation for pain relief--spinal cord stimulation]. PMID- 6608062 TI - [Neurogenic gastrointestinal hemorrhage in hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage]. AB - The purpose of this paper is to obtain the correlation between CT scan findings and neurogenic gastrointestinal bleeding in hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Fifty patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage were operated upon during past nearly 3 years in our clinic. Of these, 27 patients (54%) showed macroscopic gastrointestinal bleeding (GI-bleeding) demonstrated by stomach catheter after the onset of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. GI bleeding was about 46% in the survived patients and about 77% in the expired ones. Most patients revealed neurogenic GI-bleeding within 9 days (85.2%) and more than half of the cases (51.9%) in 4 to 6 days after the onset. Neurogenic GI bleeding was frequently complicated in patients with disturbed consciousness, over 60 gram hematoma (particularly 60-80 gram hematomas), severe ventricular hemorrhage and right-sided hematomas. It was also exclusively observed in patients with extension of hemorrhage into the midbrain and recurring hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. PMID- 6608063 TI - Action-induced rhythmic dystonia: an autopsy case. AB - We studied a patient with action-induced rhythmic dystonia that followed a stroke. Postmortem studies showed an infarct in the right posterolateral ventral part of the thalamus. Electrophysiologic analysis indicated that the eliciting factor of the involuntary movement was an impulse, promoting voluntary contraction of muscle. CSF 5-HIAA content was low, and HVA was high. Administration of 5-HTP and clonazepam abolished the involuntary movements. PMID- 6608064 TI - Thymic B-cell activation in myasthenia gravis. AB - We studied secretion of immunoglobulin (Ig) by freshly isolated and pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated thymus cells and blood mononuclear cells in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) and control subjects undergoing elective cardiac surgery. We used a protein A reverse hemolytic plaque assay to enumerate cells secreting IgG, IgM, and IgA (IgSC), and an ELISA assay for measuring IgG secreted into culture supernatants. We found that freshly isolated suspensions of MG thymus cells, compared with control thymus cells, contained increased numbers of cells that spontaneously secreted immunoglobulin. Thymus mononuclear cells from control as well as MG patients appeared capable of B-cell differentiation responses when stimulated by PWM. PWM-induced responses were greater in thymic than in autologous blood mononuclear cells in some MG patients and controls, although B cells were much less frequent in suspensions of thymic cells than blood cells. Thus, the thymus provides a favorable milieu for differentiation of its few B cells. In MG, the thymus may be a site of accentuated in vivo B-cell activation, as evidenced by increased numbers of resident IgSC. PMID- 6608065 TI - [Effect of Warren's selective spleno-renal derivation on esophageal varices]. PMID- 6608066 TI - [Endoscopic sclerosis of esophageal varices. Analysis of results obtained after 2 years' experience]. PMID- 6608068 TI - [Update on antibiotic therapy. 21) Netilmicin]. PMID- 6608067 TI - Treatment of pancreatic injuries. AB - Between 1972 and 1983 14 patients with pancreatic injuries have been treated. The diagnosis was often difficult and only made at laparotomy in most patients. Peritoneal lavage and serum amylase levels were of little help in diagnosis. Even at laparotomy, the diagnosis was initially missed in one patient. Six patients had injuries of the pancreatic head and were treated either by Whipple pancreatoduodenectomy (one patient), drainage with gastric and jejunal decompression (two patients) or simple drainage (three patients). Six patients had injuries of the pancreatic body, necessitating distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy in four cases. Two patients with contusion of the pancreatic tail were treated by drainage, followed by development of an infected pancreatic pseudocyst in one case. Six patients died (43%). It is concluded that complete inspection of the pancreas and peripancreatic hematoma is mandatory in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic injuries. PMID- 6608069 TI - Transection of the basal optic root in the frog abolishes vertical optokinetic head-nystagmus. AB - Bilateral disruption, or one-sided transection of the basal optic root with a partial injury of this tract of retinal fibres on the other side, abolished vertical, but spared horizontal optokinetic head-nystagmus. Horizontal nystagmus could not be evoked when the ventral part of the pretectum was injured and the basal optic root was transected on the same side. The lesions were checked by the cobalt-filling technique. It is concluded that the basal optic nucleus mediates stimuli which evoke vertical optokinetic head-nystagmus in frogs. PMID- 6608070 TI - Limbic connections to the lateral preoptic area: a horseradish peroxidase study in the rat. AB - Horseradish peroxidase, 13% Sigma Type VI, was administered iontophoretically to the lateral preoptic area (LPA) of male hooded rats. Animals were perfused intracardially on the following day and brains were removed and sliced in the coronal plane into 50 microns sections. Alternate sections were processed with DAB and BDH for the brown and blue reaction products and later examined by bright and dark field microscopy for the presence and location of retrogradely labeled neurons. Results indicate that there are a significant number of limbic efferent connections to the LPA. Afferents to the LPA originate in the prefrontal corex, nucleus accumbens, diagonal band and olfactory structures, lateral and medial septum, stria hypothalamic tract and stria terminalis, the magnocellular and medial preoptic nuclei, along the extent of the medial forebrain bundle in the LPA and LH, anterior and basolateral amygdala, ventromedial caudate-putamen, stria medullaris and lateral habenula, the stellatocellular-periventricular, ventromedial, arcuate and anterior hypothalamic nuclei, the perifornical area, zona incerta, ventral medial thalamic area, ventral tegmental area of Tsai, interpeduncular nucleus, reticular zone of the substantia nigra, mesencephalic periaqueductal gray and reticular formation, all aspects of the raphe nuclei and the locus coeruleus. Results are discussed in terms of known anatomical and neurophysiological data and the similar limbic inputs observed for lateral hypothalamic neurons which are found along the extent of the medial forebrain bundle. PMID- 6608071 TI - Trimethoprim--sulfamethoxazole-related hypoglycemia in a patient with renal failure. PMID- 6608072 TI - Uterine embolization in a patient with postabortal hemorrhage. AB - A case of postabortal hemorrhage in a patient with von Willebrand's disease was controlled by arteriographic embolization of the uterine branch of the internal iliac artery. Selective internal iliac artery embolization has been effectively used to control postpartum hemorrhage and hemorrhage resulting from pelvic malignancy. A discussion is presented for expanding the use of selective embolization for controlling uterine hemorrhage to patients suffering from postabortal bleeding as a means of controlling hemorrhage without sacrificing fertility. PMID- 6608073 TI - Coronary artery bypass surgery: implications for occupational health nursing. PMID- 6608074 TI - Gathering accurate data ongoing problem for health team. PMID- 6608075 TI - [Lymphocyte toxicity in viral hepatitis]. PMID- 6608076 TI - [Chronology of the embryonic development of the common frog]. AB - The tables of embryonic development of the common frog (Dabagyan, Sleptsova, 1975) have been made more precise: more precise timing of successive developmental stages (in the number of tau 0) from fertilization till hatching was provided and new drawings of the embryos during gastrulation were given. PMID- 6608077 TI - Recovery of membrane potentials from diamide-induced depolarization in frog lens fibers. AB - Measurement of membrane potentials in isolated frog lens fibers was made by means of intracellular microelectrode techniques. The membrane potentials of lens fibers were depolarized to various degrees after exposure to diamide, an -SH inhibitor. When the degree of diamide-induced depolarization was less than 20 mV, the membrane potentials almost fully recovered to the control level within 12 h after immersion in a Ringer's solution containing dithiothreitol (DTT), a -SH protector. A similar tendency was also recognized in some lenses (57%) whose depolarization was 30 mV. When the degree of depolarization was 40 mV, the membrane potentials further depolarized in all cases tested in spite of treatment with DTT. From this study, it is considered that frog lens fibers could not recover their function if the damage was so severe as to produce a membrane depolarization of more 40 mV. Determination of ionic concentrations in lens fibers revealed a highly significant correlation between the degree of diamide induced depolarization and changes in concentration ratio of Na+/K+. PMID- 6608078 TI - Acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - A 35-year-old man had hemorrhagic bullae of the buccal and sublingual mucosa as the first sign of acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Twenty-four hours later the more typical cutaneous manifestations of petechiae of the lower extremities were present. Although it is unusual for the initial symptoms of this disease to be limited to the oral region, the physician and dentist should be keenly aware of the clinical appearance described in this article, as it may be the only clue of an underlying systemic disease. PMID- 6608079 TI - Counterdrifting of the eyes: additional findings and hypothesis. AB - Electro-oculograms for monitoring eye movements and eye positions were performed in patients having a prolonged episode of acute peripheral vestibulopathy. During the course of such illness counterdrifting eye movements have been observed. Counterdrifting is defined as slow eye movements which develop in the direction opposite to the primary drift (i.e. the slow phase of spontaneous nystagmus), that occur when lateral gaze is attempted in the dark at eye positions on the side ipsilateral to the vestibulopathy. Counterdrifting appears always to be accompanied or followed by some recovery of labyrinthine function on the side of vestibular failure, and in 2 patients it was associated with so-called recovery nystagmus. It has not been observed after vestibular neurectomy. The hypothesis is put forward that counterdrifting could be an oculomotor phenomenon- centripetal drifting--similar to that underlying Alexander's modification of acute vestibular spontaneous nystagmus. PMID- 6608080 TI - [Analgesic transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation in the complex treatment of patients with osteochondrosis of the lumbosacral segment of the spine]. PMID- 6608081 TI - [Natural and lectin-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in patients with SLE and metastasizing solid tumors]. PMID- 6608082 TI - [Simultaneous resection of a left ventricular aneurysm, mitral valve implantation and aortocoronary bypass using the saphenous vein]. PMID- 6608083 TI - Coccidiosis: characterization of antibody responses to infection with Eimeria nieschulzi. AB - The antibody responses of rats to infection with the intestinal intracellular protozoan parasite Eimeria nieschulzi were examined by a sensitive radio immunoassay with a soluble preparation of sporulated oocysts as antigen. Specific antibodies of the IgM, IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b isotypes were found in the blood circulation and IgA antibodies were detected in the bile and in intestinal washings. The IgM response was rapid, its peak was relatively brief and it was not recalled by the reinoculation of oocysts. There were some differences between the responses in the different subclasses of IgG but they all reached a peak between 20-30 days after the initiation of the primary infection and there was an anamnestic response to a challenge inoculation of oocysts. IgA antibodies to E. nieschulzi antigen in the bile and in intestinal washings increased and decreased after both primary and secondary inocula. Antibodies of all isotypes tested were virtually absent in the blood circulation of infected athymic rats. These findings are discussed with reference to antibody responses to other parasitic infections and to the role of antibodies in immunity to coccidiosis. PMID- 6608084 TI - Kinetics of immunoglobulin and specific antibody responses of CBA mice infected with Trypanosoma rhodesiense. AB - Groups of CBA/CaJ and B-cell deficient CBA/N mice were infected with Trypanosoma rhodesiense EATRO 1886 strain. Survival, parasitaemia, serum Ig levels plus specific trypanosomal IgM and IgG antibodies were assayed and compared during infection. Whereas both strains of mice had similar parasitaemias during the first week of infection, CBA/N parasitaemias were lower than those observed in CBA/CaJ mice during the subsequent study period. Antibody responses, specific for T. rhodesience antigens, peaked on day 10 after infection in CBA/CaJ mice, then rapidly declined. However, antibody responses in CBA/N mice remained elevated throughout the study. In addition, the kinetics of specific IgG and IgM varied in CBA/N mice: IgG antibody was detected on day 4, whereas specific IgM was detected on day 16. This unique relationship between the appearance of IgG and IgM antibody may explain the longer survival observed for B-cell deficient CBA/N mice infected with T. rhodesience. PMID- 6608085 TI - T-cell mediated immunity in murine malaria. I. Induction of T-cell dependent proliferative responses to Plasmodium chabaudi. AB - To investigate the mechanisms of cell mediated immunity to malaria, we studied different systems to measure specific activation of T lymphocytes by P. chabaudi antigens. Mice were primed by subcutaneous administration of parasite antigens followed by co-cultivation of lymphocytes taken from the draining lymph nodes in the presence of the priming antigen. A marked proliferative response was observed which was shown to be antigen specific, T-cell mediated and accessory cell dependent. Continuous T-cell lines were propagated in culture by repetitive restimulation in the presence of antigen and accessory cells, followed by expansion in a conditioned medium containing T-cell growth factors. These lines could be induced to proliferate to the priming antigen only in the presence of syngeneic accessory cells thus indicating that H-2 restriction operates in the recognition of plasmodium antigens by T cells. We also induced parasite specific T cells by the use of an in vitro primary 'education' system. Lymphocytes from unprimed mice were sensitized on parasite-fed macrophages and were then injected subcutaneously into each hind foot pad of syngeneic animals. This led to recruitment of antigen-reactive cells which were assayed in vitro by the ability of lymphocytes taken from the draining popliteal lymph nodes to proliferate in response to the sensitizing antigen. In vivo immunization with Plasmodium antigen fed macrophages also signalled antigen specific T cells that recruited reactive T cells in the draining lymph nodes. PMID- 6608086 TI - The epidemiology of depression in children and adolescents. PMID- 6608087 TI - The epidemiology of suicide in adolescents. PMID- 6608088 TI - Epilepsy in childhood. AB - The pediatrician has a central role in the diagnosis and treatment of children with epilepsy. Accurate classification of the seizure type according to the international terminology is an important step toward the selection of the most effective antiepileptic medication. Technologic advances such as CT scan, video EEG monitoring, prolonged ambulatory EEG monitoring, and eventual clinical application of positron emission tomography have enhanced the diagnostic capabilities of both the pediatrician and neurologic specialist. Blood level monitoring of antiepileptic medication and use of basic pharmacokinetic principles have added a measure of scientific validity to the art of administration of antiepileptic medication, resulting in more effective seizure control and lessened toxicity of these drugs. The monotherapy approach to treatment has also enhanced the management of seizure disorders. PMID- 6608089 TI - [T-lymphocyte subpopulation and the DNCB skin test in the corticosteroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome. Significance of coexistent viral infection]. PMID- 6608090 TI - [Tuberculosis with atypical clinical picture in an 8-year-old boy with cystic lung]. PMID- 6608092 TI - [Various differential-diagnostic criteria of lupoid hepatitis in children]. PMID- 6608091 TI - Maternal transmission of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been reported in previously healthy homosexual or bisexual males, intravenous drug users, heterosexual men with hemophilia, and Haitians. The finding of heterosexual hemophiliacs with AIDS has raised the possibility of a transmittable blood-borne agent as a cause of this disease. We have found three female half-siblings who had clinical and laboratory evidence for AIDS. All three had evidence of abnormal in vitro cellular immunity; two had chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection and lymphadenopathy; all three had chronic cutaneous Candida sp infection; and two had Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Their mother is a prostitute/drug addict with abnormal T-cell immunity including clinical and laboratory findings of mucocutaneous candidiasis. Histocompatibility typing is consistent with the history of different fathers for each child. Immunologic studies in one child evaluated prospectively from birth were abnormal by 2 months of age. These findings and the clinical histories indicate AIDS and strongly suggest vertical transmission of an agent(s) during the perinatal period. PMID- 6608093 TI - [Role of immunologic mechanisms in diffuse connective tissue diseases]. PMID- 6608094 TI - Autologous rosette formation in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The number of autologous rosette forming cells was studied in patients with SLE. The effect of steroid hormones and of sera derived from SLE patients and normal controls on autologous rosette formation by lymphocytes of SLE patients and of normal controls was examined. The number of T lymphocytes capable of recognizing autologous red cells were found to be significantly lower in the SLE patients than in the group of normal controls. Steroid hormones, whether applied in vivo or in vitro, displayed an inhibitory effect on autologous rosette formation in SLE patients and normal controls alike. The effect in vitro was dose-related, and there was no difference in sensitivity between normal and SLE lymphocytes. Pooled sera of high immunocomplex content obtained from SLE patients were also found to reduce the number of auto-rosettes. Since the lymphocytes capable of recognizing autologous red cells are known to be post-thymic precursor cells equally subject to differentiation in helper and suppression direction and play an important role in the regulatory mechanism, reduction in their number or disturbances in their function and differentiation may well provide one of the factors accounting for the impairment of immune regulation in SLE. PMID- 6608095 TI - [Chronic inflammatory rheumatism in children and the HLA B27 antigen]. AB - The characteristics and evolution of 15 HLA B 27 positive children presenting a chronic arthritis have been studied. Most typical was an asymmetric oligoarthritis usually of the lower limbs, particularly the knees, in a boy over 10 years old. This symptomatology resembles juvenile ankylosing spondylitis of peripheral onset. Follow up is not yet long enough to allow definite assimilation. PMID- 6608096 TI - Early appraisal of coronary revascularization on quality of life. AB - Information available for nurses on counseling cardiac patients about the outcomes of bypass surgery has focused on the time following the first postoperative year. In order to assess earlier impact, two groups of bypass patients--alike in terms of preoperative physical activity, angina level, and type of revascularization--were compared in terms of quality of life and related areas. Seventeen patients were 3 to 5 months (88-141 days) postoperative and 17 patients were 6 to 8 months (161-222 days) post-operative. They were asked to rate themselves on Cantril's Self-Anchoring Scale in relation to past, present, and future life satisfaction. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that both groups of patients viewed their future life satisfaction to be better than their life satisfaction prior to open heart surgery. Furthermore, the patients 6 to 8 months postoperative viewed their present life satisfaction to be significantly better than their past (p less than .05). Both groups reported a decrease in the level of angina and an increase in the level of physical activity after surgery (p less than .001). They also reported greater satisfaction with family life (p less than .05), social life (p less than .001), and sexual life (p less than .01) following surgery. Overall, there were significant improvements in the quality of life early in the recovery period following surgery. Residual incisional pain may have contributed to any differences between groups. PMID- 6608097 TI - Reducing family stress during and after coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - Based on the findings of this study of couples after coronary artery bypass surgery, there are numerous stresses and unmet needs that might be addressed by hospital-based nurses. The study demonstrated that, as a group, the spouses of the bypass patients report higher levels of stress than the patients did while in the hospital. Together, patients and spouses reported high levels of marital conflict, dissatisfaction, and discord during the first 6 months after the surgery. Many indicated that they were unprepared for these experiences. Further, they found it difficult to maintain continuity with a provider who could answer their questions about recovery. As a result of these findings a program of nursing care that focuses on the family during and after coronary artery bypass surgery has been proposed. The model program consists of preparation for surgery, preparation for discharge, and continuous contact with the family after discharge, at least through the first follow-up appointment with the surgeon at 6 weeks. For each phase it is necessary to consider content that is appropriate to the individual patient, but it is essential to include content aimed at reducing the stresses and risk experienced by the family as well. By doing so hospital based nurses are treating the family as well as nursing the patient through this episode of acute illness. PMID- 6608098 TI - Incidence and prognosis of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in children in a Swedish region. AB - Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in children 0 to 15 years old was studied retrospectively in a defined region of southwest Sweden from 1971 through 1980; 147 patients with culture-verified H. influenzae meningitis were found. Sixty seven of them were younger than 18 months and would not have been protected by a purified H. influenzae b polysaccharide vaccine. The age-specific yearly incidence was 27 per 100,000 in the 0- to 4-year age group, 4 per 100,000 in the 5- to 9-year age group and 1 per 100,000 in the 10- to 15-year age group. Predisposing factors were found in only three patients. Two patients died, 3 developed severe neurological sequelae and 19 developed irreversible auditory impairment. PMID- 6608099 TI - History taking in dizziness. The most important diagnostic step. AB - When faced with a complaint of dizziness, the primary care physician may be tempted to assume that the cause is inner ear dysfunction and that the patient needs to be referred to an otologist. According to Dr Hybels, however, most dizzy patients do not have an ear problem and a carefully executed history is likely to pinpoint the correct diagnosis. The following article delineates the fine points of history taking and discusses some of the most common causes of dizziness. PMID- 6608100 TI - Clinical forms of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Implications for prognosis and therapy. PMID- 6608101 TI - [Immunological characteristics of hyperergic reactions to tuberculin]. PMID- 6608102 TI - [Effect of various methods of immunotherapy on the immunological status of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6608103 TI - Purification to homogeneity and partial characterization of interleukin 2 from a human T-cell leukemia. AB - A method utilizing reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography has been developed for the purification to homogeneity of interleukin 2 (IL-2) isolated from a human T-cell leukemia. A final purification of 500,000-fold was obtained with a specific activity of pure IL-2 of 10(9) units/mg. The amino acid analysis of natural IL-2 is strikingly similar to the composition deduced from sequence analysis of a cDNA coding for human IL-2. Protein sequence analysis of CNBr derived peptides yields data consistent with the sequence proposed from cloned cDNA. The availability of homogeneous IL-2 will allow accurate biological studies of its activity free from the contamination of the numerous lymphokine species that are known to be co-produced with IL-2 during the induction procedure. PMID- 6608104 TI - Functional T cells in athymic nude mice. AB - After passage of spleen cells from nu/nu mice over a nylon wool column, concanavalin A-responsive cells can be detected in the presence of 2 mercaptoethanol, and specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes can be generated without exposure to interleukin 2 (IL-2). The spleen cells of the nu/nu mice born of nu/nu parents and nursed by nu/nu mothers had significantly fewer Thy-1+ T cells and a lesser capacity to generate cytotoxic T lymphocytes than did the conventionally bred nu/nu mice. Nonetheless, such cells were clearly present. IL 2 may act to cause these post-thymic T cells to proliferate. Therefore, it seems inappropriate to consider IL-2 as an inducer of the differentiation of T cells in the absence of thymic influence on the basis of the capacity of IL-2 to induce the appearance of a T-lymphocyte population in nu/nu mice. PMID- 6608105 TI - Activation of factor IX bound to cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. AB - Previous studies have shown that factor IX and its activated form, factor IXa, bind to cultured vascular endothelial cells and that cell-bound factor IXa retains its procoagulant activity. The present studies provide evidence that factor IX bound to cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells can be activated. Factor IX activation was assessed by finding cleavage of the factor IX molecule on NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by the generation of procoagulant activity as assessed by thrombin-treated factor VIII-dependent generation of factor Xa activity. Cell-bound factor IX (0.8 micrograms per 4 X 10(8) cells per ml) could be activated by factor XIa (5 micrograms/ml) or by factor VIIa (0.1 micrograms/ml) without exogenous tissue factor when endothelial cells were treated with phorbol ester and acquired tissue factor-like procoagulant activity. Regardless of how factor IX was activated, the cell-bound factor IXa required thrombin-treated factor VIII and calcium, but not exogenous phospholipid, to activate factor X. In further experiments, factor X bound to endothelial cells specifically and reversibly with a dependence on calcium and with a lower affinity (half-maximal at 480 nM) than factor IX. At saturation, 9.1 X 10(6) factor X molecules were bound per cell. After activation of factor X by factor IXa, approximately 50% of the factor Xa formed could be eluted from the cells by 10 mM EDTA, suggesting that the factor Xa was cell associated. These observations indicate that endothelial cells can bind and promote the activation of factors IX and X in the absence of platelets or exogenous phospholipid. PMID- 6608106 TI - Effect of ultraviolet radiation on production of epidermal cell thymocyte activating factor/interleukin 1 in vivo and in vitro. AB - UV radiation was found to enhance the release by keratinocytes of epidermal cell thymocyte-activating factor (ETAF), a hormone-like molecule that is physiochemically identical to interleukin 1 (IL-1). This conclusion was supported by the following observations: (i) the keratinocyte cell line PAM 212 retained ETAF/IL-1-producing potential after exposure to UV radiation despite significant loss in cell viability; (ii) epidermal cells from normal and UV radiation-exposed mice were found to produce equivalent amounts of ETAF/IL-1 on a per cell basis with the density of epidermal cells in UV radiation-exposed skin being at least 5 fold above normal values; (iii) under the conditions used, ETAF/IL-1 could be detected in the serum of UV radiation-exposed, but not normal, animals; and (iv) many of the biologic consequences known to be mediated by elevations in ETAF/IL-1 -i.e., neutrophilia, elevated levels of complement component 3, serum amyloid P, and plasma fibrinogen--were all observed in animals following a single UV radiation exposure. Animals subjected to chronic UV radiation showed an initial elevation in their levels of acute-phase reactants that returned to normal concentrations within 7 days. This correlates with observations made by others of a "desensitization" to ETAF/IL-1-mediated effects after chronic administration of known exogenous stimulators of inflammatory responses. Further, the UV radiation induced desensitization took place in spite of demonstrable serum levels of ETAF/IL-1. These results suggest that the mechanism(s) responsible for desensitization is not an inhibition of ETAF/IL-1 synthesis but rather may result from inability of the target cells to perceive this endogenous mediator or to unavailability of serum-associated ETAF/IL-1 for the appropriate targets. PMID- 6608108 TI - A new strategy in the control of house dust mite allergy. AB - Elimination of house dust mites by chemical means has so far been disappointing. Based on recent knowledge that house dust mites depend on fungi for their growth, a fungicide, natamycin was sprayed on the mattresses of patients at regular intervals. Forty patients with residual symptoms of allergy to house dust mites under optimal treatment, including house dust-free measures, were selected for the study. Among the 28 patients who completed the study, 15 were improved, 9 remained the same and 4 were worse. These data strongly suggest a beneficial effect of natamycin on the symptoms of allergy to house dust mite. They warrant further investigation with control groups and assessment of the mite population of the bedding. PMID- 6608107 TI - Thymic T cells are driven to expand upon interaction with self-class II major histocompatibility complex gene products on accessory cells. AB - Murine thymocytes induce the monokine interleukin 1 upon in vitro coculture with a radioresistant Ia-bearing accessory cell [murine Ia molecule is a class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen]. The generation of interleukin 1 is critically dependent on the function of I-region gene products on accessory cells. The induced interleukin 1 appears to allow the activation and proliferation of self-MHC-specific thymocytes. Thus, in the absence of added exogenous factors, there is an Ia-dependent thymocyte proliferation. This selective activation of thymocytes is observed with both mature and immature thymic T cells. This in vitro response results in the selective amplification of developing T cells with self-MHC specificity and could be of importance to the in vivo commitment of T cells to MHC determinants that occurs in the thymus. PMID- 6608109 TI - Antipyretic and antibacterial actions of Teucrium polium (L.). AB - The antipyretic and antibacterial activities of the ethanolic extract of the flowering tops of Teucrium polium (L.) were been studied. The extract was effective against both yeast and carrageenin pyrexia in rats. It also exhibited a marked antibacterial action against both gram positive and gram negative organisms and was found to be non toxic in acute studies. PMID- 6608110 TI - Cross-sectional study of gross and fine motor development. Birth to 6 years of age. AB - A total of 187 healthy children between birth and six years of age were administered a comprehensive gross and fine motor development assessment. The assessment device was a hybrid instrument consisting of 192 items derived from 15 commonly used instruments. The purpose of the study was to 1) define motor behavior relative to a performance distribution expressed in age ranges, 2) identify patterns of performance across a range from birth to 6 years of age, and 3) assess the stability of performance by comparing select tasks with norms available in the literature. Emergence and achievement levels of successful performance were defined for 37 items relative to 68 percent and 95 percent of the children across the range from birth to 6 years of age. These results were compared with eight assessment devices. Emergence comparisons were found to be fairly similar to published norms; achievement comparisons showed a higher frequency of discrepancies with published norms. Performance patterns were displayed graphically to illustrate symmetry and asymmetry in normal development milestones. PMID- 6608111 TI - General immune reactivity in keloid patients. AB - Serum immunoglobulin levels (IgM, IgG, IgA), complement levels (C3 and C4), and the response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to mitogens [phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con-A), and pokeweed mitogen (PWM)] were investigated in healthy patients clinically diagnosed as keloid formers and in nonkeloid volunteers in good health. Serum IgM and serum C3 were significantly higher in keloid patients than in nonkeloid patients both at P less than 0.001, while serum IgA and serum C4 levels were higher in nonkeloid patients than in keloid patients at P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.001, respectively. Serum IgG levels were essentially unchanged in the keloid and the control groups in this study. Mitogenic stimulation was significantly lower in the keloid population in this investigation at P less than 0.001 for both PHA and Con-A. However, major differences were not observed with PWM stimulation in both keloid and control groups. PMID- 6608112 TI - [Principles and problems in the epidemiology of multiple sclerosis]. AB - The problems of epidemiological studies in multiple sclerosis (MS) concern: the (1.) difficulties of diagnostics, the (2.) development and heterogeneity of the disease (manifestation and forms of course), the (3.) peculiarities of ascertainment of patients, the (4.) respective area of investigation (geographical location and size) and the (5.) population (including genetics and sociologic-economical factors). Further components, influencing incidence, prevalence and mortality, were exposed. As for the area of Rostock the onset of illness amounts to 30.9 ( +/- 8.9) years on an average; an incidence rate of 2.9 and prevalence rate of 60.4 (per 100 000 inhibitants) could be determined. Beside informations about the number of cases treated clinically in the several districts (with downward trend from North to South-East) there were given hypothetical data regarding the incidence and prevalence of MS in the GDR. PMID- 6608113 TI - Problems in practice and research in social psychiatry. AB - Notion and contents of social psychiatry are explained on the basis of own experiences and results in research. In this connection the author deals more in detail with questions of practice and research, the performance of diagnostics and therapy and the connecting elements of these partial tasks. PMID- 6608114 TI - [Evaluation of systemic lysis of acute myocardial infarct using radionuclide ventriculography and myocardial thallium scintigraphy with inclusion of SPECT]. PMID- 6608115 TI - [PAR-DOK--a contribution to rationalization in roentgen diagnosis. 1: Description of findings]. PMID- 6608116 TI - [PAR-DOK--a contribution to rationalization in roentgen diagnosis. 2: Organizational variants of the project]. PMID- 6608117 TI - Hemophilus influenzae pneumonia in the adult. Radiographic appearance with clinical correlation. AB - Hemophilus influenzae septicemia is an important cause of life-threatening pneumonia in an immunocompromised patient. Eleven cases proved by blood culture were analyzed. Multilobar involvement with lobar or segmental consolidation and pleural effusion were common radiographic findings, but there were no signs of lobar expansion, bulging fissures, or cavitation. In general, predisposing factors such as alcoholism and chemotherapy place patients at risk. Radiographic response to therapy is variable but often lags behind clinical improvement. PMID- 6608118 TI - Erdheim-Chester disease: a distinct lipoidosis or part of the spectrum of histiocytosis? AB - Erdheim-Chester disease has always been considered a distinct lipoidosis based on clinical and radiographic criteria. Pathologically, it has been indistinguishable from Hand-Schuller-Christian disease. Analysis of the 15 reported cases lends some doubt as to the diagnostic criteria. A new case is presented that strongly suggests that Erdheim-Chester disease is actually part of the spectrum of the histiocytoses. PMID- 6608119 TI - Spasm of the aortocoronary venous graft. AB - Two cases of spasm of the coronary artery bypass graft are reported, and the angiographic and clinical findings are discussed. Few previous reports of this entity were found in a search of the literature. The therapeutic implications are also presented. PMID- 6608120 TI - [Atopic dermatitis. III. Surface receptors of peripheral blood lymphocytes]. PMID- 6608121 TI - Exocrine secretion of epidermal growth factor from Brunner's glands. Stimulation by VIP and acetylcholine. AB - Brunner's glands of the duodenum are innervated by cholinergic and VIP-ergic nerves, and the glands have been shown to contain epidermal growth factor (EGF). In this study the effect of VIP and acetylcholine (Ach) on secretion of EGF from Brunner's glands was investigated in the rat. Intravenous infusion of VIP stimulated the flow rate of duodenal secretion, an effect which was inhibited by atropine. Ach alone did not significantly increase flow rate, and combined infusion of VIP and Ach induced the same flow as VIP alone. Concentration of EGF in duodenal secretion was increased by infusion of Ach, and this effect was potentiated by VIP. Infusion of VIP alone did not influence EGF concentration. EGF output from Brunner's glands was significantly stimulated by i.v. infusion of VIP and of Ach and combined infusion further increased EGF output. The study has demonstrated exocrine secretion of EGF from Brunner's glands, and it is suggested that stimulation is mediated by interaction of neuronal VIP and Ach. PMID- 6608122 TI - [Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia using percutaneous coagulation of Gasser's ganglion]. PMID- 6608124 TI - [What is regulation therapy with interference currents?]. PMID- 6608123 TI - [A case of lower digestive hemorrhage secondary to angiodysplasia of the colon]. PMID- 6608125 TI - [Endoscopic polypectomy of the colon: experience with 26 patients]. PMID- 6608127 TI - [Anesthesia in osteo-articular pathology and its specific problems]. PMID- 6608126 TI - [A problem checklist and the clinical resume]. PMID- 6608128 TI - [Treatment of pruritus of long evolution by epidural electric stimulation. Report of a patient]. PMID- 6608129 TI - [Acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage with origin in the small intestine. Report of 5 patients]. PMID- 6608130 TI - HLA-DR antigens and disease patterns of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - HLA-DR antigens were determined in 111 patients with classic or definite rheumatoid arthritis. HLA-DR4 was significantly (P corr. less than 10(-6] increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (54%) compared with controls (23.2%). HLA-DR 5 was decreased in rheumatoid arthritis (12.6% vs 26.4% of controls); however, the corrected P value was not significant. There were no significant differences with regard to various clinical, radiological and serological parameters between HLA-DR 4 positive and negative patients. However, a milder course of rheumatoid arthritis was observed in DR 7 positive patients: Patients with this antigen were associated significantly with seronegativity and low titers of IgM-rheumatoid factor. Despite a similar disease duration patients with DR 7 had a significantly lower number of joints with inflammatory arthritis (synovitic swelling with limitation of movement) and developed less frequently severe radiological changes as joint ankylosis than DR 7 negative patients. In addition to the well known association between rheumatoid arthritis and HLA-DR 4, our data indicate that HLA-DR 7 may have a protective effect on the course of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6608132 TI - Frequency and clinical significance of anticentromere and anti scl-70 antibodies in an English connective tissue disease population. PMID- 6608131 TI - DNA antibodies and complement in SLE patients. A follow-up study. AB - Sixty-seven patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were followed up for 3-19 months (mean 12) in a prospective study. The activity of SLE was estimated on clinical grounds and correlated with DNA antibody and complement levels. The disease reactivations consisted mostly of articular and cutaneous symptoms. There were 17 relapses and 22 complicating infections during the follow-up period. The levels of antibodies to native, double-stranded (ds) DNA (P less than 0.001) and antibodies to denatured, single-stranded (ss) DNA of IgG class (P less than 0.001) and C3 (P less than 0.001) correlated best with disease activity, which was estimated on the clinical symptoms and signs. These assays were not reliable, however, in predicting minor exacerbations. The levels of IgM class ss-DNA antibodies were significantly higher in SLE patients without nephritis than in SLE nephritis patients. In most cases, the combination of IgG class ss-DNA antibody and complement (C3 and CH50) determinations differentiated SLE relapse from infection. PMID- 6608133 TI - [Severe candidiasis in heroin addicts]. PMID- 6608134 TI - [Epidemiology and clinical features of pulmonary tuberculosis in southern Costa Brava. Prospective study]. PMID- 6608135 TI - Serum vitamin D metabolites in normal subjects after phototherapy. AB - The serum concentrations of the major vitamin D metabolites (25-hydroxyvitamin D(2 + 3) (25-OH-D), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(2 + 3) (1,25-(OH)2-D), and 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D(2 + 3) (24,25-(OH)2-D) were studied in 22 healthy male volunteers before and after one or two treatments with whole body UVB or PUVA in conventional doses. The effect of UVB was investigated in the autumn and early spring, whereas the effect of PUVA was investigated only in the autumn. The pre treatment values of two metabolites were significantly reduced in the spring compared to the autumn level (25-OH-D: 14.0 ng/ml versus 22.0 ng/ml, P less than 0.02; and 24,25-(OH)2-D: 1.23 ng/ml versus 2.74 ng/ml, P less than 0.01), whereas the serum concentration of 1,25-(OH)2-D was not significantly reduced in the spring. After UVB, a small, but not significant, rise in all metabolites was observed in the spring, whereas virtually no changes were measured after UVB or PUVA in the autumn. We conclude that UVB and PUVA do not lead to harmful concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in the blood of healthy subjects. PMID- 6608136 TI - The use of the Haemoccult test for detection of blood in gastric aspirates. AB - The guaiac test has recently been used as a determinant of gastric mucosal bleeding in trials comparing different therapeutic regimens for the prevention of gastric stress ulceration. A prospective study, evaluating the efficacy of cimetidine in controlling the gastric pH in 44 patients in our intensive care unit, demonstrated a significant direct correlation between the pH of the gastric aspirate and the Haemoccult test result. The percentage of positive test results decreased progressively with declining pH. Since this seemed to contradict all modern concepts of gastric mucosal damage, we investigated further the pH dependent sensitivity in vitro. Using different test solutions (NaCl, gastric juice, duodenal juice, and bile) we demonstrated a strong pH-dependent decrease of sensitivity to detect blood below a pH of 4. These results led to the conclusion that the guaiac test is not a valid measure of gastric mucosal bleeding unless used on buffered gastric aspirates. PMID- 6608137 TI - Quantitation of epidermal growth factor in the rat. Identification and partial characterization of duodenal EGF. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) was purified from the rat submandibular gland to establish a radioimmunoassay. Detectable amounts of EGF were found in the rat duodenum (medium, 0.55 pmol/duodenum; range, 0.38-0.68 pmol/duodenum; no. = 10) and duodenal juice (median, 215 pmol/l; range, 95-468 pmol/l; no. = 10), whereas no EGF was detected in the jejunal extracts. Submandibular and duodenal EGF each consisted of two isopeptides (pI 4.8, 5.4, and 5.5, 6.0 respectively). The peptides behaved alike both with regard to immunoreactivity (radioimmunoassay) and receptor binding (radioreceptor assay). The present data combined with previous results suggest a role for EGF in the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 6608139 TI - Effectiveness of pentostatin (2'-deoxycoformycin) in refractory lymphoid neoplasms. AB - Pentostatin (2'-deoxycoformycin, DCF) was administered to 17 patients with a variety of lymphoid neoplasms, both T- and B-cell, that were refractory to conventional treatments. Several responses and 2 complete remissions occurred. Toxic effects were less severe than previously described: this may be attributable to relatively low doses of DCF or to precautions taken to prevent tumour lysis syndrome. DCF appears valuable as a second-line treatment in non Hodgkin's lymphomas and as initial treatment in T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and mycosis fungoides. Although myelosuppression is mild, immunosuppression and superinfection are potential hazards of treatment with DCF. The ocular toxicity of DCF, previously described as conjunctivitis, appears to be a keratitis of moderate severity which requires further study. PMID- 6608138 TI - Subnormal response of blood lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin in adult coeliac disease complicated by intestinal lymphoma. AB - Surface markers and the response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) were determined in blood lymphocytes from five patients with adult coeliac disease (ACD) complicated by intestinal lymphoma, eight ACD patients without lymphoma, and control individuals without signs of ACD. The proportions of lymphocytes forming rosettes with sheep erythrocytes, lymphocytes with surface IgM, and lymphocytes with Fc IgG receptors were similar in all groups. A subnormal response to PHA was found in the patients with ACD and concomitant intestinal lymphoma. In ACD without lymphoma the PHA response was normal. In ACD patients with relapse of abdominal symptoms despite a gluten-free diet, the demonstration of a subnormal PHA response may strengthen the suspicion of a complicating intestinal lymphoma. PMID- 6608140 TI - IgM and IgG platelet antibodies in a case of infectious mononucleosis and severe thrombocytopenia. AB - Platelet antibodies of IgG and IgM class were detected in the serum of a patient with infectious mononucleosis and thrombocytopenia. Platelet counts and antiplatelet antibody levels were inversely correlated, but both normalized after complete recovery of the patient. PMID- 6608141 TI - Heterogeneity of T-lymphocyte chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL). Study with conventional surface markers and monoclonal antibodies. AB - Lymphocyte surface markers (E-SRBC, EAC, EA gamma and SmIg) and monoclonal antibodies (OKT3, OKT4, OKT8 and OKIa) were used to characterise the blood and bone marrow lymphocytes of T-cell CLL (8 patients). The diagnosis of T-cell CLL was made primarily as the majority of blood lymphocytes formed E-SRBC in each patient. Other markers-EAC, EA gamma and SmIg--showed different patterns of association with E-SRBC. These findings considered together described 4 different phenotypes amongst these patients: (a) E+ (3 patients), (b) E+, EAC+ (1 patient), (c) E+, EA gamma + (2 patients), and (d) E+, SmIg+ (2 patients). Similarly, 4 different groups were defined with the help of monoclonal antibodies. Helper T cell (3 patients) and suppressor T-cell (1 patient) CLL showed predominantly helper T- and suppressor T-lymphocytes respectively. Mixed T-cell CLL (1 patient) comprised an equal proportion of both subpopulations, while the remaining 3 patients, with excess of one or other subpopulations along with a considerable proportion of Ia antigen-bearing lymphocytes, formed the indeterminate cell type CLL. PMID- 6608142 TI - Ultrastructural localization of acid phosphatase in immunologically defined neoplastic lymphocytic cells and hairy cells. A comparison between two different substrates. AB - The subcellular localization of acid phosphatase (AcP) in various immunologically defined neoplastic lymphoid cells including hairy cells was investigated by electron microscopy. 2 substrates, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphoric acid (naphthol-AS-BI P) and sodium beta-glycerophosphate, were compared. By incubation in naphthol-AS BI-P containing medium, the reaction product was found located in granules, vesicles, the Golgi apparatus, the rough ER including the nuclear envelope in the cells of T ALL, T CLL and HCL. A typical pattern of reaction was observed for each of these disorders: enzyme-positive Golgi membranes and neighbouring granules, clustered in the nuclear notch in T cell-derived lymphoblasts; enzyme positive granules around Gall bodies, aggregated paranuclearly in T CLL lymphocytes and enzyme-positive scattered cytoplasmic granules and vesicles in hairy cells. Enzyme activity was occasionally seen in singly-occurring granules in the cells of cALL, B CLL and B PLL, rarely in other substructures. With the Gomori method using beta-glycerophosphate as substrate, the enzyme reaction was limited primarily to lysosomal sites and was seldom observed in other organelles. Tartrate-resistant AcP was found in the majority of hairy cells and in a few prolymphocytes, located in the same structures as AcP without tartrate. PMID- 6608144 TI - Eular Rheuma symposium: Biochemical-pharmacological-immunological aspects of rheumatic disorders. October 20-23, 1983, Oslo, Norway. Abstracts. PMID- 6608143 TI - Phenotypical heterogeneity of Japanese adult T-cell leukaemia. AB - The leukaemic cells of 11 patients with Japanese adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL) were characterized in terms of phenotype employing various monoclonal antibodies against T-cell surface antigens. The leukaemic cells of all ATL patients except patient no. 11 displayed the phenotype OKT4+/OKT8-. However, the % of OKT3+ cells varied from 3 to 98. In 1 case, cells with phenotype OKT4+/OKT8+, which is characteristic of T-cells at an early stage of differentiation, were found. These results suggest that some ATL cells may be in an immature differentiation stage. Among the 11 patients, 2 with unusual ATL cell phenotypes (1 case with OKT3- cells and 1 case with Ia+/EAC+ cells) showed spontaneous regression of leukaemic cells. Characterization of leukaemic cells from a larger number of ATL patients may demonstrate a significant relationship between cell phenotype and prognosis. PMID- 6608145 TI - [Hemorrhagic portal hypertension with soft liver]. AB - Over 14 years the authors have observed 6 adults with a special form of portal hypertension revealed by massive gastrointestinal hemorrhages due to rupture of voluminous esophageal varices. Though first suggested by huge enlargement of the spleen (5 out of 6 cases), cirrhosis was eventually discounted by laparoscopy and laparotomy. The liver was of normal volume, smooth (never nodular) and above all soft to the touch, to the biopsy needle and to the surgeon's hand. The histologic lesions of the liver were minimal and heterogeneous: fibrosis without cirrhosis (2 cases), isolated and mild steatosis (2 cases), one non-specific lymphohistiocytic granuloma (2 cases), moderate myeloid metaplasia (2 cases), hepatic siderosis without fibrosis (1 case), sinusoidal congestion (3 cases). Normality of the portal vein was evidenced by angiography (5 cases) or inferred from the elevated porta-caval gradient (1 case), and was confirmed once on autopsy. Sus-hepatic catheterization was performed in every case and provided the following information: right atrial pressure always normal, sus-hepatic veins normal, porta-caval gradient normal or slightly elevated in 4 patients (suggesting presinusoidal block) and obviously elevated in the other two (as in post-sinusoidal block). The minimal histologic lesions of the liver, the normality of the portal vein, the lack of sus-hepatic obstruction, and the variable porta-caval gradient make it impossible to localize the obstacle (if any) and thus say what is the mechanism of portal hypertension with soft liver. In the absence of elevated splenic inflow, this hypertension has to be classified as essential or idiopathic. Soft consistency of the liver has never been reported before in such cases. PMID- 6608146 TI - [Medical follow-up of aortocoronary bypass surgery in ambulatory care]. AB - Aortocoronary bypass graft surgery is a well-established treatment for coronary artery disease. Objective evaluation of the salutary effect of this procedure is usually by coronaroangiography. In this report a strategy for medical, noninvasive, sequential evaluation of patients in the follow-up of bypass surgery is described. The value of exercise electrocardiography, myocardial Tl-201 scintigraphy and Tc-99 m ventriculography in the detection of silent ischemia and in the evaluation of global and regional ventricular function is stressed. Finally, the use of computed tomography in the noninvasive evaluation of graft patency status is suggested. PMID- 6608147 TI - Need a catalyst? Design an enzyme. PMID- 6608148 TI - External imaging of cerebral muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. AB - A radioiodinated ligand that binds to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors was shown to distribute in the brain by a receptor-mediated process. With single photon-emission imaging techniques, radioactivity was detected in the cerebrum but not in the cerebellum, whereas with a flow-limited radiotracer, radioactivity was detected in cerebrum and cerebellum. Single-photon-emission computed tomography showed good definition of the caudate putamen and cortex in man. PMID- 6608149 TI - PET scan controversy aired. PMID- 6608150 TI - Women and their health in the middle years: a Manitoba project. PMID- 6608151 TI - Epiglottitis due to ampicillin-tolerant Haemophilus influenzae type b. AB - Tolerance to beta-lactam antibiotics has been described with staphylococci and enterococci, but this phenomenon and its clinical significance in Haemophilus influenzae has not been reported. We have reported a case of bacteremic epiglottitis due to an ampicillin-tolerant, beta-lactamase-negative strain of Haemophilus influenzae type b which was cured with ampicillin therapy alone. The organism was not tolerant to moxalactam, cefotaxime, or rifampin. Rifampin therapy eliminated pharyngeal carriage. PMID- 6608152 TI - [Culture, life style, rehabilitation of cardiac patients]. PMID- 6608153 TI - [Role of the nurse in the diagnosis and the treatment of rectal bleeding in adults]. PMID- 6608154 TI - [Problems in the surgical treatment of aneurysms, akinesis and hypokinesis in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6608155 TI - Valve replacement in patients over 70 years of age. AB - Between 1 August 1975 and 31 October 1982, 76 patients aged between 70 and 82 years (mean 73,4 years) underwent elective (71) or emergency (5) valve replacements. Fifty patients underwent aortic valve replacement (including 5 with additional coronary artery bypass grafts), 19 mitral valve replacement including 3 with coronary artery bypass grafts, and 7 double valve replacements. There were 3 early deaths (3,9%) and 9 late deaths (11,8%) during the follow-up periods of 1 month - 86 months (mean 29 months). Actuarial analysis showed a survival rate of 95% at 1 year, 89% at 2 years, and 77% at 5 years. The clinical result of operation was judged to be good or excellent in all patients except one. It is concluded that valve replacement in patients over 70 years carries a low operative risk, statistically similar to that for younger patients at our institution, and is accompanied by a satisfactory result. PMID- 6608156 TI - Sclerotherapy for bleeding oesophageal varices--a fatal complication. A case report. AB - Although injection sclerotherapy for the control of bleeding varices is considered a relatively safe procedure, major complications can occur. A case is presented in which delayed perforation of the oesophagus due to ulceration led to a fatal outcome. The technique used and complications of the procedure are briefly discussed. PMID- 6608157 TI - Nutritional status of children under the age of 5 years in northern Gazankulu. A cross-sectional assessment. AB - A cross-sectional study of the nutritional status of 658 children under 5 years of age was carried out in one district in Gazankulu. Of these children, 29,8% were below the 3rd percentile of weight for age of the 1976 National Center for Health Statistics standards; in the 1 - 2-year age group this figure was 38,2%. A small group, 1,8%, weighed less than 60% of expected weight for age. The presence of a clinic in a village seems to have no influence on the percentage of underweight children. PMID- 6608158 TI - [Analgesic effects of naproxen in postoperative pain]. PMID- 6608159 TI - [Congenital tuberculosis]. PMID- 6608161 TI - Emission and transmission tomography of the brain in cerebrovascular disease. AB - Transmission and emission computed tomography (T-CT and E-CT, respectively) scans of the brain in 149 patients with cerebrovascular disease were compared to establish the diagnostic accuracy of the two methods. The T-CT scan yielded an overall rate of true-positive results of 80.75% in major infarcts, 80% in intracerebral hematomas, and 75.9% in subarachnoid hemorrhage. In contrast, the percentages of true-positive results yielded by the E-CT scan were 92.3, 55, and 34.5%, respectively, in each type of cerebrovascular disease. The false-negative results obtained with the T-CT scan were higher in infarcts but lower in hematomas and subarachnoid hemorrhage; the reverse was true for the diagnoses obtained with the E-CT scan. The false-positive diagnoses produced by the T-CT scan were high for hemorrhagic strokes compared to those of the E-CT scan. The diagnostic sensitivity of each scan was not affected by the location of the lesion. Thus, the E-CT scan is more sensitive for thromboembolic disease and less so for hemorrhagic types of stroke. The reverse is true for the T-CT scan. PMID- 6608160 TI - Intraventricular noncolloid epithelial cyst in an infant. AB - A rare case of giant intraventricular noncolloid epithelial cyst associated with multicompartmental hydrocephalus in an infant is presented. The cyst was located in the third ventricle and extended through the foramina of Monro into the lateral ventricles. Multiple modes of therapy were performed, including shunting procedures and transcortical and transcallosal cystostomies. It is concluded that extensive cystostomy coupled with a shunting procedure is the preferred method of treatment for giant cystic lesions around the foramina of Monro, if total excision is not feasible. PMID- 6608162 TI - Results and hemodynamic changes after interposition mesocaval shunt. AB - Forty-seven patients have been treated by interposition mesocaval shunting for portal hypertension and variceal bleeding between December 1973 and March 1980. The average age was 55 years. The underlying diseases were alcoholic cirrhosis in 26 patients (56%), macronodular cirrhosis in 11 patients (23%), and other causes in 10 patients (21%). Thirty-five operations (75%) were performed on an emergency basis for patients who continued to bleed after failure of conservative management. In these patients, the early mortality rate was 43%. Overall survival, rebleeding, and postshunt encephalopathy rates are correlated with the preoperative Child's classification. These figures are similar to those reported for end-to-side portocaval shunts. The improvement in postshunt encephalopathy rates as reported by Drapanas is not borne out by our results. Postshunt angiography was performed in 31 patients and shunt patency was confirmed in 28 (90%). In 26 patients, selective studies to determine portal flow patterns were carried out, and in only three patients was there any evidence of hepatopedal flow. In each of these patients, some kinking of the shunt was noted. Mesocaval shunting is a reasonable alternative to end-to-side portocaval shunts and is associated with similar rates of patency, rebleeding, mortality, and late postoperative encephalopathy. A well-constructed, patent mesocaval shunt totally diverts portal flow. PMID- 6608163 TI - A mouse monoclonal antibody detecting the allospecificity HLA-A3. AB - Balb/c mice were immunized with a human B-lymphoblastoid cell line typed HLA-A3, B7. The splenocytes of the immunized mice were fused with a murine myeloma. Supernatants of the cultures were screened against the immunizing cell line in fluorochromasia. Positive cultures were expanded and cloned. One of the clones, X 15.4, was expanded and brought to ascites in Balb/c mice. Monoclonality of the antibody X 15.4, which belongs to the class IgM and immunoprecipitates a molecule of 44000 daltons, was demonstrated by isoelectric focusing. By complement dependent cytotoxicity the ascites only reacted with the lymphocytes of all HLA A3 individuals from a panel of 146 donors, showing no crossreactions. X 15.4 appears to be one of the very rare xenomonoclonal antibodies suitable for HLA typing. PMID- 6608164 TI - Do identical HLA-DR3 genes convey susceptibility to celiac disease and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus? PMID- 6608165 TI - HLA antigens in patients with adult T-cell leukemia. AB - HLA-A, B, C, and DR antigens were studied in Japanese patients with adult T-cell leukemia. No associations were found in comparisons with normal healthy controls. PMID- 6608166 TI - The plasmalemmal vesicular system in striated muscle capillaries and in pericytes. AB - By ultrathin serial sectioning of frog mesenteric capillaries it was recently demonstrated that the many apparently free vesicles in electron microscope (EM) sections of endothelial cells may be artefacts due to conventional (500-700 A thick) sectioning (Frokjaer-Jensen, 1980). The vesicles were found to be part of two sets of invaginations of the cell surfaces; one set connected to the lumen, the other to the interstitium. The present study extends this view to comprise the vesicle organization in frog striated muscle capillaries. By analysis of the three-dimensional organization of the plasmalemmal vesicles in 21 ultrathin serial sections (120-150 A) of two muscle capillaries it is demonstrated that less than 1% of the about 70% apparently free vesicles seen in conventional thin sections of the same capillaries in fact represent truly free vesicular units. By analysis of 15 conventional EM cross-sections of capillaries from the frog cutaneous-pectoris muscle containing plasmaproteins in high concentration it is furthermore demonstrated that 48% of the total vesicle population connect to the lumen at the time of fixation. This organization of the vesicular system seems incompatible with the concept that macromolecules are transferred across the capillary wall by vesicular transport or by a series of fusions and fissions between individual cytoplasmic vesicles but is compatible with the notion that macromolecules exchange across capillary walls by means of passive processes such as diffusion and convection through rare 'large pores'. The study emphasizes that any attempts to classify vesicles in conventional thin sections as 'luminal', 'cytoplasmic' and 'abluminal' is impossible and may lead to erroneous interpretations of vesicle involvement in transcapillary exchange of macromolecules. The rare occurrence of transendothelial channels compared to the number of vesicle invaginations suggests that the main function of the vesicular system relates to functions other than transport. PMID- 6608167 TI - Depressions in B- and T-lymphocyte mitogen-induced blastogenesis in mice exposed to low concentrations of benzene. AB - In a short-term (6 h/day X 6 days) benzene inhalation dose-response study, mitogen-induced blastogenesis of both B- and T-lymphocytes in male, C57Bl mice was observed to be significantly depressed at relatively low levels of benzene. Exposure to 10 ppm benzene resulted in a significant depression in femoral lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced B-colony-forming ability, while total numbers of B-lymphocytes at this concentration were not significantly depressed. Similarly, splenic phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced blastogenesis was significantly depressed at 31 ppm, without a concomitant significant depression in numbers of T lymphocytes. These data indicate that concentrations of benzene at or near the current standard for occupational exposure (10 ppm) can affect certain immune associated processes. PMID- 6608168 TI - [Cytophotometric study of the DNA content in the cells of the preoptic area of the hypothalamus in hibernating common frogs]. AB - The DNA content in the squashed Feulgen stained cells of the hypothalamic preoptic region in wintering adult and juvenile frogs was measured cytophotometrically. The vast majority of hypothalamic cells studied showed diploid DNA contents. Only 0.9% of tetraploid cells (4c and 2c X 2 cells) was found in this region, both in adult and juvenile frogs. The incidence of tetraploid hypothalamic cells varied among the individuals studied. In some adult frogs as well as in some juveniles no tetraploid cells were detected. The data obtained do not confirm the age related increase in the mean DNA content in frog's hypothalamic cells population. PMID- 6608169 TI - [Herpes zoster ophthalmicus with retrobulbar atrophy]. PMID- 6608170 TI - [Clinico-immunological studies in patients with urolithiasis]. PMID- 6608171 TI - [Vestibular symptoms in unilateral deafness caused by neurinoma of the 8th pair of cranio-cerebral nerves]. PMID- 6608172 TI - [Caloric tests, their current variants, merits and faults]. PMID- 6608173 TI - [Effect of drainage of the thoracic duct with lymphosorption on the lymphocyte number in the blood and lymph]. AB - Having studied the amount and quality of lymphocytes in the blood and lymph of 48 patients the authors have established that loss of great amount of small lymphocytes during the three-days drainage of the thoracic lymph duct was completely compensated at the expense of reserve populations. Drainage prolonged up to 5-6 days results in exhaustion of the circulating pool of small lymphocytes and changes in immune reactivity. The latter however are not followed by a sharply decreased antibacterial resistance of the organism. PMID- 6608174 TI - The expression of the env gene-related gp66 in mouse cells infected with the helper independent Friend leukemia virus is restricted to the myelomonocytic and mastocytic lineages. AB - The presence of a gp66 closely related to the Friend ecotropic murine leukemia virus gp70 (F-MuLV) has recently been reported (D. Mathieu-Mahul, J. M. Heard, S. Fichelson, S. Gisselbrecht, B. Sola, and C. J. Larsen (1982) virology 119, 59 67). In the present work, characterization of this gp66 was continued. First, immunoprecipitation tests, using cytoplasmic membrane subfractions from one of the myelomonocytic cell lines in which gp66 was first detected, indicated that most of it was associated with rough endoplasmic reticulum. Second, to define the limits of gp66 expression, a variety of hemopoietic cell lines were analyzed for gp66 content. These lines were obtained (a) from various tumors (including erythroleukemias, chloroleukemias, and lymphatic leukemias) induced in susceptible mice by F-MuLV and (b) from long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMC) infected with F-MuLV. In the latter case, lines of adherent fibroblastoid cells and nonadherent cells with myelomonocytic and mastocytic characteristics were obtained. Although several F-MuLV isolates were used, gp66 was only expressed in myelomonocytic and mastocytic cells. This did not result from in vitro culture conditions as gp66 was also found in fresh cells. These data suggested that a particular processing of the env gene product may exist in both myelomonocytic and mastocytic cell lines. In agreement with this hypothesis, a metabolically unstable gp62 related to MCF gp70 was found in one myelomonocytic cell line expressing MCF virus. PMID- 6608175 TI - Gene-III protein of filamentous phages: evidence for a carboxyl-terminal domain with a role in morphogenesis. AB - A filamentous phage derivative, fCA55, bearing a nonpolar deletion in gene III, has been constructed and characterized to study the functions of that gene. The deletion eliminates most of gene III without disturbing its reading frame or the putative promoter for the downstream gene, VI. Therefore it is assumed that any abnormalities exhibited by fCA55 are a direct effect of the gene-III lesion itself, and not polar effects on other genes. fCA55 Is abnormal in two respects. First, it is noninfective; in this it resembles another nonpolar gene-III deletion mutant, fKN16, which is missing 507 bp encompassing roughly the first half of the gene. Second, it is secreted as polyphage--very long particles containing many unit-length DNA molecules; in this respect, fCA55 differs from fKN16. When the viral proteins of these two mutants were analyzed with antibody directed against gene-III protein, it was found that fKN16 contains an altered gene-III protein, while fCA55 is unreactive. It was concluded that the gene-III protein has two functional domains: the N-terminal domain, missing in both mutants, is required for viral infectivity; while the C-terminal domain, partly missing in fCA55 but retained in fKN16, is incorporated into the virion, and is responsible for the protein's role in generating normal, unit-length particles. PMID- 6608176 TI - [Disruption of hydrolytic decomposition of glycogens in the liver of rats with experimental autoimmune cardiomyopathies]. AB - Rate of glycogen hydrolytic destruction, catalyzed by cytoplasmic enzymes, namely by alpha-amylase, was decreased in liver tissue of rats with experimental autoimmune cardiomyopathy. These findings are discussed in relation to an increase of the glycogen content in liver tissue of the impaired animals. PMID- 6608177 TI - [A simple enzymatic method for the quantitative determination of cordycepin and [3'-deoxy]ATP in rat brain tissue]. AB - A procedure for quantitative estimation of cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine), a specific inhibitor of post-transcriptional polyadenylation of pre-mRNA and of a metabolite of cordycepin 3'-deoxyATP in rat brain tissue is described. The procedure is based on evaluation of an inhibitory effect on the synthesis of polyA in vitro of total nucleoside and nucleoside and nucleoside triphosphate preparations isolated from the animal brain after cordycepin administration. Homogenates of intact animal brain were used as a source of "crude" polyA polymerase preparations. PMID- 6608178 TI - Measurement of fragments of the third component of human complement on erythrocytes by a new immunochemical method. AB - This paper describes a new antiglobulin consumption method to quantitate the fragments of the third component of human complement (C3) on red blood cell (RBC) membranes. Zymosan-bound C3, which can be stored frozen at -80 degrees C for years, was used as a standard in these tests. Using anti-C3c antibody, zymosan bound C3 could be calibrated against soluble converted C3 (beta 1A), but not against soluble, native C3 (beta 1C). Calibration with several commercial serum standards yielded virtually identical values. Approximately 79.8 +/- 28.2 C3d molecules (mean +/- 1 SD, n = 50) were detected on normal, freshly collected RBC by this method, whereas no C3c fragments were noted. EC43, prepared by dilution of blood samples with low ionic strength solution, had between 650 and 3,100 C3 molecules/RBC when measured with anti-C3c and between 1,140 and 6,500 C3 molecules when measured with anti-C3d. These data indicated that part of the C3b molecules on EC43 had cleaved to C3d. EC43 are reported to have up to 200,000 C3 molecules when measured by other techniques. To resolve this discrepancy, EC43 were prepared by dialysis of blood samples against low ionic strength solution. About 97.5% of C3 remained in plasma after dialysis supporting the results of our tests. The new assay is an accurate and sensitive method of quantitating C3 fragments bound to RBC in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 6608179 TI - [Sinusoidal modulated currents in the treatment of ulcer disease]. PMID- 6608180 TI - [Efficacy of using sinusoidal modulated currents in cerebral atherosclerosis with transient cerebrovascular disorders]. PMID- 6608181 TI - [Relation of immunity indices with clinical manifestations of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6608182 TI - [State of the T- and B-systems of immunity in cerebral leptomeningitis (arachnoiditis)]. PMID- 6608183 TI - [Recently discovered mechanisms of action of non-steroidal antirheumatic agents: possible, not only symptomatic therapeutic effects]. AB - Non-steroidal antirheumatic agents are assumed to exert their therapeutic effects by inhibiting biosynthesis of prostaglandins at the level of cyclo-oxygenase. This effect leads to a reduction of inflammatory symptoms caused or potentiated by prostaglandins. Recently, some new further effects (partly also induced by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis) of non-steroidal antirheumatic drugs have been discovered. These effects influence functions and interactions of white blood cells involved in pro-inflammatory and immunological processes, and appear to be causal rather than symptomatic. Furthermore, there are differences in the mode of action of some antirheumatic agents, in particular with regard to inhibition of generation of inflammatory superoxide anions. PMID- 6608184 TI - [Interaction between fibronectin and aggregated IgG]. AB - The present study shows that plasma fibronectin forms complexes with aggregated human IgG (a model for immune complexes) and that the resulting complexes precipitate spontaneously or after addition of PEG from buffered saline. However, no clearcut interaction was observed in serum or synovial fluid. Two currently used immune complex assays, the C1q solid phase assay and the conglutinin binding assay in a commercial inhibition variant, were tested as to their reliability in the presence of fibronectin. While the C1q-dependent assay showed low susceptibility to fibronectin, the conglutinin binding assay gave increased immune complex values in the presence of pathological concentrations of fibronectin. PMID- 6608185 TI - [Family anamnestic study of 89 suicides following release from inpatient psychiatric treatment]. AB - This study was prompted by other large, family-history oriented studies which showed that there is no correlation between frequencies of suicide and psychosis. A multidimensional, neuro-psychiatric diagnosis program was performed on 89 cases of suicide after hospital discharge . (The time-span of the study was between June 1, 1969 and August 31, 1980.) Primarily, however, this study was oriented on family history, particularly concerning suicides and endogenous psychosis. In 69.7% of the cases a suicide-positive family history was established. In 56.2% of the suicide cases (N = 89) the simultaneous appearance of endogenous psychosis and suicide is undoubtedly significant (chi 2 = 22.94; df = 4; p less than 0.01). These findings, unique in the literature, are explained by the extraordinary good source of information in an epidemiologically clearly defined region (Bundesland Salzburg). The scant data material in many typical suicide studies concerning familial history of suicides can be explained by the lack of primary information. It is likely that studies which examine suicides in the total population would also find, by employing suitable methods, a high percentage of suicide-positive family histories. From this it is concluded that the role of genetic factors in suicides is in need of revision. PMID- 6608186 TI - The detection of gastrointestinal bleeding using nuclear medicine techniques; a local experience and review. PMID- 6608187 TI - [Epidemiological studies on the occurrence of lung diseases in welders]. AB - A cross sectional study in electric arc welders revealed significant higher prevalences of simple chronic bronchitis and of nodular opacities in thorax x rays in spite of exposure below MAC in most cases. Spirometry, flow-volume-curves and bronchial challenges with acetylcholine showed no substantial functional deterioration in comparison with controls. But there are weak dose-response relations between symptoms as well as lung function data on the one hand and duration of exposure as well as welding fume concentration on the other hand. PMID- 6608188 TI - [Wrist joint deformities caused by multiple cartilaginous exostoses of the distal ulna]. AB - On the basis of follow-up examinations it was found that exostoses at the distal ulna often result in shortening of the ulna and curvation of the radius. The resulting deformation of the wrist joint is particularly common in girls with exostoses which are over 7 mm wide and affect the ulnar epiphyseal cartilage. Particularly in the period of growth before puberty the progress of the deformation is considerable. Thus, female patients of group 3 in particular have to be examined carefully; in many cases surgery is necessary, in order to prevent further deformation and possibly even destruction of the radio-ulnar joint. PMID- 6608189 TI - [Tasks of the German Rheumatism Society]. PMID- 6608190 TI - Resistance to ampicillin in Hemophilus influenzae meningitis. PMID- 6608191 TI - Teaching TENS. PMID- 6608192 TI - [Results of clinico-allergological examination of patients with leprosy]. PMID- 6608193 TI - [Analysis of 100 cases of exudative erythema multiforme]. PMID- 6608194 TI - [Characteristics of staphylococci isolated from normal human skin]. PMID- 6608195 TI - [The Mannheim Cohort Project--prevalence of psychogenic diseases in cities]. AB - For the purpose of our research project the term 'psychogenetic disorders' covers psychoneuroses , character neuroses in a broader sense, and functional-vegetative as well as psychosomatic affections. So far information concerning basic descriptive-epidemiological data, especially the frequency of occurrence and the dependence upon demographic variables of the above mentioned disorders, is insufficient and controversial. Even less satisfactory is our information on the progress of these disorders. The specific difficulty with the diagnostic apperception of these disorders in particular requires field research within the entire population. Only by means of such a very expensive procedure can valid information on the true prevalence or incidence of the above mentioned disorders be obtained. Moreover, for a follow-up design each test subject must be examined several times by highly qualified experts, each examination requiring his personal presence. The "Mannheimer Kohortenprojekt" involves six hundred test subjects, two hundred each born in 1935, 1945, and 1955, selected at random from the 'normal' general population. They were examined with the aid of a structured interview schedule oriented on psychoanalytic principles and with other instruments (lists of complaints, inventories of life events, FPI-tests, etc.). Results from the first three-year investigation period include: Out of the total of six hundred test subjects twenty-five per cent are "cases". Women are significantly in the majority. Apparent is an obvious connection between different types of complaints and the social class of the test subject. Identified disorders show correlations with life events on the one hand and with early childhood disturbances on the other. PMID- 6608196 TI - [Comparison of the results of computer tomography and dimer-X ventriculography in the diagnosis of infratentorial processes]. AB - A total of 38 preoperative computer-tomography findings were compared with the results obtained in central dimer-X-ventriculography. CT yields the exact localisation of every tumour. Determination of kind and size of the tumours was possible in about 30 per cent of the cases. No additional information was obtained about the infiltration tendency of the tumour with respect to the rhomboid fossa. The method appears to be insufficient for the appraisal of occlusion of the efferent passage of the cerebrospinal fluid which are not caused by tumours. In 360 f 38 cases, the direct puncture of the third ventricle could be carried out without any complications. In these cases, all tumours as well as the disturbances of the cerebrospinal fluid passage could be diagnosed. An exact tumour localisation, however, was less well possible than it was with CT. Only hemispheral tumours, tumours of the superior vermiform process, tumours of the 3rd ventricle and craniospinal processes could be differentiated. Excellent results were obtained in the diagnosis of stenoses in the region of the aqueduct or malformations. For the above mentioned reasons, we of course give preference to the computer tomography for the diagnosis of infratentorial processes, but we still consider the combination of the two methods to be indispensable because it increases the information value for the planning of the operation. PMID- 6608197 TI - Effect of propranolol and sclerotherapy in bleeding esophageal varices. A case report. AB - Portal hypertension and variceal bleeding are discussed in relation to the history of a patient with primary biliary cirrhosis. Beta-blockade and sclerotherapy failed to prevent recurrent bleeding and a shunt operation had to be done. In this patient the portal venous pressure increased despite continuous propranolol administration. PMID- 6608198 TI - Intestinal intramural haemorrhage after abdominal missile trauma--clinical classification and prognosis. AB - Various types of abdominal trauma, such as penetrating missile wounds, blast and severe blunt force, can cause haemorrhage within the intestinal wall. Such bleeding often is multi-sited. In a previous study on anaesthetized pigs subjected to missile trauma, the microscopic appearance of the lesions was described. Risk of perforation, even in lesions of primarily innocent appearance, was also demonstrated, in accordance with reports in the literature. The present study aimed to find a method for predicting which of such haemorrhages may be left untreated and which must be excised. For this purpose, 85 anaesthetized pigs were subjected to low-velocity missile injury to the abdomen. All intramural haemorrhages of the intestine without primary perforation was thereafter classified at laparotomy according to a few easily observed macroscopic criteria. The anaesthesia was maintained and the classification was compared with findings at a second laparatomy at the end of the observation period (maximum 4 days), when histologic study also was performed. The macroscopic criteria showed good correspondence with histologically observed mucosal ulceration and muscle damage. In 64% of the lesions there was macroscopic progression during the observation time, with perforation in 5.4%. Lesions with mean diameter larger than 10 mm, visible serosal defect and palpable mural defect carried the highest perforation risk (16%). Lesions fulfilling none of these criteria did not perforate. The study confirmed the risk of secondary intestinal perforation in primarily non perforating intramural haemorrhage following abdominal trauma. The results also suggest that some simple macroscopic criteria may be useful for predicting this risk. PMID- 6608199 TI - Fluorescein angiography in the evaluation of intestinal intramural haemorrhage after trauma. AB - Intramural hemorrhage of the intestines occur after different types of abdominal trauma. These haemorrhages may lead to secondary perforation and peritonitis. As the bleeding often is multifocal, radical resections would entail correspondingly many anastomoses, with increased risk of complications. A method for macroscopic recognition of perforation risk was described in a previous report. The macroscopic criteria used in that classification have now been compared with a vital staining technique, involving intravenous injection of fluorescein. The fluorescence patterns of 'non-viability' accorded well with histologically observed damage to the muscular layer of the gut and with transmural devitalization. There was also good correlation with the macroscopic criteria in the previous classification, but the fluorescein method was higher predictive of transmural devitalization. When the methods were combined, the detection of dangerous lesions was still improved. Fluorescein staining is clinically applicable, and thus can be a valuable complement for discerning heightened risk of perforation in intestinal intramural haemorrhages. PMID- 6608200 TI - Experimental analysis of lens-forming competence of cornea, iris and retina of Rana esculenta larvae. PMID- 6608201 TI - Effects of 1,25- and 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on parathyroid hormone release from human parathyroid cells in vitro. AB - The effects of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-(OH)2D3) and 24,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (24,25-(OH)2D3) on parathyroid hormone (PTH) release from human parathyroid cells were investigated using an in vitro system of dispersed cells. The cells were obtained from 7 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) and adenoma, 4 patients with primary HPT due to hyperplasia and 2 patients with parathyroid hyperplasia secondary to chronic renal failure. The dispersed cells were incubated in tissue culture medium at low, normal and high external calcium concentrations for 2-16 h. There was a gradual suppression of PTH release (5-55%) when the calcium concentration in the medium was increased from 0.5 to 3.0 mM, thus indicating retained regulation of hormone release. The addition of 1,25-(OH)2D3 in concentrations of 0.1 and 1 ng/ml and of 24,25-(OH)2D3 in concentrations of 1.0 and 10 ng/ml during the incubations did not further affect the amount of PTH released by the cells. The concentrations of the different vitamin D metabolites tested closely correspond to levels observed under normal physiological conditions and during treatment with high doses of vitamin D in vivo. Thus, the findings contradict the idea of any direct short-term regulatory effect of either 1,25-(OH)2D3 or 24,25-(OH)2D3 on the secretion of PTH from hyperfunctioning human parathyroid tissue. PMID- 6608202 TI - Effect of oestradiol-17 beta on uterine epidermal growth factor concentration in immature mice. AB - Using a specific and sensitive epidermal growth factor radioimmunoassay (EGF-RIA) we have identified EGF in immature mouse uterine tissue. In 16 day old mice a single injection of oestradiol-17 beta (E2) elicited an increase in uterine wet weight in 24 h but did not affect uterine EGF concentration. Sequential injection of E2 for a 7 day period increased both uterine wet weight and EGF concentration suggesting that change in EGF concentration is a delayed E2 response. The continuous treatment did not alter liver or submandibular gland tissue EGF concentrations, but significantly increased kidney EGF content. These data reveal that both uterine and renal tissue EGF concentrations are subject to modulation by E2 in developing mice. PMID- 6608204 TI - Absence of dynein arms in endometrial cilia: cause of infertility? PMID- 6608203 TI - Steady-state visual evoked potentials during migraine prophylaxis by propranolol and femoxetine. AB - The amplitude of visual evoked potentials (VEPs) for flickering light has been reported to be increased in migraine. In the present study, we have examined whether the VEPs are attenuated when the clinical state of the patient improves during a double-blind experiment with propranolol and femoxetine. VEPs for sinusoidally-modulated light were measured by spectral analysis, and an index depicting the visual reaction type was calculated. The group mean VEP index closely followed the group mean attack frequency, but individual variance was considerable. The changes were most evident in VEPs elicited by stimuli of about 20 Hz. During the treatments, the VEP and headache were also significantly correlated among subjects. The results suggest a close relationship between the enlarged VEPs and the headache mechanisms. PMID- 6608205 TI - Superoxide dismutase activity in leukemic blasts of children with acute leukemia. AB - Superoxide dismutase activity was determined in leukemic blasts of 24 patients with acute leukemia and was correlated to its type. The activity was significantly lower in five patients with T cell or B cell leukemia, and there was a wide range of distribution in 15 patients with non-T, non-B cell leukemia. Manganese superoxide dismutase activity was significantly lower in all types of acute lymphoblastic leukemia than in normal mononuclear leukocytes. Both total and manganese superoxide dismutase activities in acute myeloblastic leukemia, however, were significantly higher than those in normal polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The prognosis in patients with a low superoxide dismutase activity in leukemic blasts seemed to be poorer. Determination of superoxide dismutase activity in leukemic blasts may have a prognostic value in the management of children with acute leukemia. PMID- 6608206 TI - An appraisal of techniques for studying cerebral circulation in the newborn. Report of a mini-symposium held in September 1982. AB - The study of cerebral circulation in ill pre-term infants is important both to improve our understanding of the physiological aspects of cerebral blood flow control, and to provide further insight into the aetiology of intracranial intra ventricular haemorrhage. Progress in this field has been hampered by the absence of measurement techniques which must be safe and clinically applicable whilst at the same time providing results with sufficient quality for the confident development of hypotheses. The symposium was held in order to evaluate critically the measurement techniques which might be considered for use in the sick, human newborn infant. PMID- 6608207 TI - T cell lymphoma presenting clinical and morphological features resembling polymorphic reticulosis and lymphomatoid granulomatosis. AB - A male, 53 years old, complained of a mass on the left side of neck. The biopsy specimens revealed extensive necrotizing lesions with polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration. About three years later a recurrence from the same site was noted and the rebiopsy specimens showed features of malignant lymphoma of pleomorphic type. Subsequently multiple cutaneous nodules and then ulcerative lesions of the midfacial region developed and repeated biopsies were done. Immunological examination indicated that the lymphoid cells obtained from the skin lesion had predominantly T-lymphocyte marker. He died of massive hemorrhage from the nasopharyngeal lesion 51 months after the first admission. Autopsy revealed multiple organ involvements, including the nasopharynx, lungs, subcutaneous tissue, and adrenal gland. The morphological features in the present case were compatible with a diagnosis of lymphomatoid granulomatosis or polymorphic reticulosis (midline malignant reticulosis), and were thought to be best designated as T cell lymphoma. PMID- 6608208 TI - Nasal polyps with atypical stroma cells: a pseudosarcomatous lesion. A light and electron-microscopic and immunohistochemical investigation with implications on the type and nature of the mesenchymal cells. AB - A case of nasal polyposis with stroma cell atypia in a 33-year-old man is reported. The light microscopic appearance made a rhabdomyosarcoma strongly suspected because of the presence of polymorphous, acidophilic, rhabdomyoblast like cells. The clinical course was that of an ordinary recurring inflammatory nasal polyp. The ultrastructural and immunohistochemical analysis showed the fibroblastic and histiocytic nature of the atypical cells as being of a probably reactive nature. The reported case illustrates the value of electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry in the evaluation of the true type and nature of atypical mesenchymal cells in pseudosarcomatous lesions. PMID- 6608209 TI - Fatal atherosclerosis developed in less than 4 years in an aortocoronary vein graft in a hyperlipidemic patient. AB - It is generally believed that it takes decades to develop a complicated atherosclerotic plaque. This view is challenged by the present case describing a hyperlipidemic patient who died of vein graft atherosclerosis less than 4 years after otherwise successful coronary bypass surgery. Although the atherogenesis may be accelerated in autogenous coronary vein grafts compared with native coronary arteries, the present case illustrates that complicated atherosclerosis may develop in the course of only a few years if appropriate conditions prevail. PMID- 6608210 TI - Is the ileo-caecal Peyer's patch in ruminants a mammalian "bursa-equivalent"? AB - The ileo-caecal Peyer's patch (IPP) in young ruminants shows prenatal maturation and involution in young age, mainly like the thymus (1, 7, 8). In an examination of three-week-old calves IPP had features compatible with an essentially thymus independent, primary function, different from that of jejunal patches. Features of IPP included very high lymphoblastic activity despite scarcity of coronal cells and few high endothelial venules in the interfollicular tissue. PMID- 6608211 TI - Vestibulo-ocular disturbances in rats exposed to organic solvents. AB - The influence of different kinds of industrial solvents on the vestibular function of rats has been studied by recording nystagmus, induced by accelerated rotation. The effect was related to the blood levels of the solvents. One group of solvents, including halogenated saturated hydrocarbons like dichloromethane, caused depression of the vestibulo-oculomotor reflex (VOR). Another group, including benzene compounds like xylene, toluene, styrene and cumene and halogenated unsaturated hydrocarbons like trichloroethylene caused an excitation of the VOR. The most striking chemical similarity between the different solvents in the last group is the occurrence of double-bonds. If the animals were exposed simultaneously to solvents from both groups the excitatory effect prevailed and was even potentiated. It is suggested that solvents cause depression or excitation of the VOR by interaction with central pathways in the reticular formation and the cerebellum. PMID- 6608212 TI - Prevalence of schizophrenia in the Labadi District of Ghana. AB - Age- sex-specific point prevalence rates for schizophrenia are presented for an area in Ghana. Sources of case material included local mental hospitals, general health clinics, shrines of traditional healers, and roaming eccentrics. Denominators are projected from the 1970 census. Diagnosis was made by a single psychiatrist from interview and chart review. PMID- 6608213 TI - Scintigraphic visualization of haemostatic and thromboembolic processes using 111Indium-labelled platelets. AB - Five cases of scintigraphic imaging of haemostatic and thromboembolic processes after injection of autologous 111In-labelled platelets are presented. The site of a liver puncture, atherosclerotic plaques in the abdominal aorta, deep vein thrombi, pulmonary embolism and the tip of an indwelling venous catheter could be visualized. Activity measurements corresponding to atherosclerotic plaques suggest that an increased sensitivity of this method may be achieved by extending the investigation period to 4-5 days after injection of 111In platelets. PMID- 6608214 TI - Preoperative localization of the adrenal adenoma in Conns syndrome. PMID- 6608215 TI - Preliminary report on the cytochemical identification of circulating T lymphocytes in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. PMID- 6608216 TI - Anti-inflammatory effects of muramyl dipeptide in experimental models of acute inflammation. AB - Synthetic muramyl dipeptide, N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP), has been tested for activity against acute inflammation. In all models employed (Bayol + Arlacel paw oedema in rats, carrageenan pleurisy in rats, and carrageenan of dextran paw oedema in mice), MDP given in admixture with the phlogistic agents significantly lowered the resulting inflammatory reaction by about 30-40%. 0.1-0.2 mg of MDP per animal was applied. The mechanism of anti inflammatory activity of this substance remains unknown. PMID- 6608217 TI - [ERG characteristics of congenital tritan defect]. PMID- 6608218 TI - [Rayleigh equation using the flicker method. (4) Studies of color adapting field and detection of deutero-carriers]. PMID- 6608219 TI - Multiplane magnetic resonance imaging of the heart and major vessels: studies in normal volunteers. AB - The feasibility of magnetic resonance imaging for defining anatomy of internal cardiac structures and major blood vessels was assessed in 14 normal subjects. Both electrocardiogram-gated and standard spin-echo images were obtained. The R-R interval determined the pulse repetition times in gated sequences. Gated images provided better visualization of internal cardiac morphology and of upper mediastinal vessels than did nongated images. Trabecular detail and components of the mitral valve could be resolved. All segments of the left ventricular wall could be evaluated by combining axial, coronal, and sagittal images. Gated acquisition of magnetic resonance images did not increase imaging time; five transverse slices of the left ventricle were obtained in 6.0-8.5 min. The good image quality, ease of gated acquisition, large field of view, capability of direct imaging in multiple planes, and noninvasiveness of the technique suggest that it will be an important imaging method in cardiovascular disease. PMID- 6608220 TI - Progressive thoracic aortic dilatation after aortic valve replacement. AB - Aneurysms of the ascending aorta developed after aortic valve replacement for chronic aortic insufficiency in four cases. Two of the aneurysms were complicated by dissection; one patient died. Rheumatic disease has become a less common cause of pure aortic regurgitation, and a number of etiologies primarily involving the wall of the aorta are now recognized. Although appropriately timed aortic valve replacement can prevent the irreversible left ventricular depression associated with chronic aortic insufficiency, careful evaluation of the thoracic aorta on serial postoperative chest radiographs is warranted, because the underlying pathologic process may proceed in the aortic wall with eventual aneurysm formation. PMID- 6608221 TI - Unsuspected left ventricular pseudoaneurysm. PMID- 6608222 TI - Assessing the activity of sarcoidosis: quantitative 67Ga-citrate imaging. AB - Three different methods of quantitating 67Ga-citrate lung images--a visual index, a computer-assisted index, and the total-lung-to-background ratio--were compared in 71 studies of patients with biopsy-proven sarcoidosis. Fifty consecutive cases were analyzed independently by two different observers using all three methods. In 45 patients, both gallium lung scans and bronchoalveolar lavage were performed within 2 weeks. In these studies, each index was correlated with the cell differential in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The total-lung-to-background ratio proved to be the simplest to perform; correlated best with the original visual index (r = 0.81, p less than 0.00001) and the percentage of lymphocytes obtained in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (r = 0.39, p less than 0.004); and showed the lowest interobserver variation. Sensitivity for detecting active disease was 84% compared with 64% and 58% for the visual and computer-assisted indices, respectively, with no sacrifice in specificity. PMID- 6608223 TI - Intrathoracic adenopathy: differential feature of AIDS and diffuse lymphadenopathy syndrome. AB - The presence of mediastinal and/or hilar adenopathy was assessed from the chest radiographs of two groups of homosexual men: 30 with diffuse, persistent lymphadenopathy syndrome and 45 with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Intrathoracic adenopathy was not seen on the chest radiographs of the 30 men having diffuse, persistent lymphadenopathy and is therefore not a manifestation of that syndrome. Nine of the 45 men with AIDS demonstrated intrathoracic adenopathy. In each instance, adenopathy was indicative of serious intrathoracic disease. Seven of the nine had minimal or no respiratory symptoms. In four of the nine, the intrathoracic adenopathy detected from the chest radiographs was the first indication of AIDS. In six of the nine patients, one or more opportunistic infections were diagnosed from material obtained at bronchoscopy. Two patients had Hodgkin disease, diagnosed by lymph-node biopsy. The ninth patient, who died, had an immunoblastic sarcoma. Mediastinal and/or hilar adenopathy in patients with AIDS, or in patients at high risk for AIDS, necessitates immediate investigation, including bronchoscopy or lymph-node biopsy. PMID- 6608224 TI - Detection of mediastinal parathyroid glands by nonselective digital arteriography. AB - Six patients with failed previous operations and anterior mediastinal parathyroid glands were evaluated with selective angiography and nonselective arterial digital arteriography. Selective angiography depicted two of nine mediastinal glands; nonselective arterial digital arteriography depicted only one of nine mediastinal glands and missed a sizable (4.5 cm) gland demonstrated by routine arteriography. Nonselective arterial digital arteriography did not demonstrate any additional mediastinal glands. From this preliminary experience, it was concluded that nonselective arterial digital arteriography is not a sensitive method for detecting mediastinal glands. PMID- 6608225 TI - Colonic interposition: radiographic evaluation. AB - This report reviews the clinical and radiographic features of 40 patients who underwent visceral esophageal substitution with colon for benign or malignant lesions of the esophagus. The incidence and radiographic identification of complications are discussed. All patients were routinely examined with barium esophagrams on postoperative day 10. If an anastomotic leak was suspected clinically before this time, studies were performed using water-soluble iodinated contrast material. Follow-up barium esophagrams were obtained 1-96 months after operation (average, 60 months) in 24 patients. Eight patients (21%) demonstrated asymptomatic "jejunization" of the colonic mucosa with no attributable clinical manifestations; this finding resolved in 1-3 months, without sequelae, and has not been reported before. The spectrum of ischemic changes in the colonic segment included mucosal edema, spasm, ulceration, loss of haustration, and frank necrosis. Radiographically detectable early postoperative complications included anastomotic leak in six (three pharyngocolic, three cervical esophagocolic) and aspiration of barium into the tracheobronchial tree due to incoordinated swallowing in eight. Late postoperative complications included anastomotic narrowing (12) malfunctioning of the colon due to impaired emptying (five), recurrent aspiration pneumonia (three), small bowel obstruction (three), transhiatal herniation of small bowel through the diaphragmatic hiatus (one), and reflux into the retained bypassed esophagus (one). PMID- 6608226 TI - Glucagon and gastroesophageal reflux. AB - Using radionuclide gastroesophageal reflux techniques, the effect of glucagon on the occurrence of spontaneous gastroesophageal reflux was tested in 24 normal, asymptomatic volunteers, who served as their own controls. Before glucagon administration, spontaneous gastroesophageal reflux did not occur in any of the volunteers. After 1 mg of glucagon was given, gastroesophageal reflux occurred in two (8%) of the 24 volunteers. Gastroesophageal reflux did not occur after the administration of high-density barium sulfate and an effervescent agent to simulate the circumstances of a routine double-contrast upper gastrointestinal examination. Although the effect of glucagon may facilitate gastroesophageal reflux in a small percentage of normal individuals, most do not exhibit spontaneous gastroesophageal reflux, either before or after glucagon administration. PMID- 6608227 TI - Response of gastric lymphoma to chemotherapy: radiographic appearance. AB - Although the initial radiographic appearance of gastric lymphoma is well described, there are few descriptions of the evolution of these gastric lesions after chemotherapy. Double-contrast upper gastrointestinal examinations were performed in four patients with gastric lymphoma before and after chemotherapy. The following responses were observed: (1) complete resolution without scarring, (2) resolution to a benign-appearing ulcer, (3) ulceration within a plaque associated with a decrease in tumor mass, and (4) ulceration, perforation, and healing to a benign-appearing ulcer scar. Ulceration of gastric lesions after chemotherapy, observed in two cases, was associated with occult gastrointestinal bleeding. These tumors may regress in response to chemotherapy, leaving a benign appearing ulcer or ulcer scar as the only radiographic evidence of a lymphomatous gastric lesion. PMID- 6608228 TI - Detection of occult colovesical fistula by the Bourne test. AB - The value of different diagnostic tests in the detection of colovesical fistulas was studied in 28 surgically proven cases seen during the last 10 years at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Etiologies were diverticulitis (19), Crohn disease (three), postradiation therapy (four), previous trauma (one), and bladder carcinoma (one). The fistulas were demonstrated by barium enema in 10 of 20 patients and by cystography in eight of 26. Cystoscopy was diagnostic in 11 of 25 patients and sigmoidoscopy in four of 24. Methylene blue test was positive in five of six patients, and in one patient given a charcoal enema the material appeared in the urine. The Bourne test, consisting of radiography of the centrifuged urine samples obtained immediately after a nondiagnostic barium enema, was positive in nine of 10 patients. In seven of these 10 patients, the Bourne test was the only positive evidence of an otherwise occult colovesical fistula later proven at surgery. PMID- 6608229 TI - Salvaging the failed pneumocolon: a simple maneuver. PMID- 6608230 TI - The adhesiometer: a simple device to measure adherence of barium sulfate to intestinal mucosa. AB - A simple, inexpensive device assessing barium sulfate adherence to alimentary tract mucosa was tested in an animal study using pigs and dogs. Interaction of gastric, intestinal, and colonic mucosal lining with three different barium preparations was studied. In both pigs and dogs, barium adherence to gastric mucosa was significantly stronger when compared with colonic mucosa. PMID- 6608232 TI - A comparison of computed tomography and sonography in choledocholithiasis. AB - A comparison was made of sonography and computed tomography (CT) for the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis. Sonography correctly diagnosed nine of 49 patients with choledocholithiasis for a sensitivity rate of 18%. The accuracy rate for sonography was 19%; there were five false-positive examinations. CT correctly identified common duct stones in 26 of 30 patients for a sensitivity rate of 87%. The accuracy rate was 84%; there was one false positive. Sonography is limited in its ability to image calculi in the distal common bile duct. CT is effective for imaging common duct stones and is superior to sonography for diagnosing this cause of biliary obstruction. PMID- 6608231 TI - The insensitivity of sonography in the detection of choledocholithiasis. AB - To determine the sensitivity of sonography in the detection of choledocholithiasis, the sonograms of 138 patients with surgically proven common bile duct stones were reviewed. A definite diagnosis of choledocholithiasis could be made on the basis of the sonograms in 22% of cases. Overall, 23% had common ducts of normal caliber (less than or equal to 7 mm diam) and 23% had normal total bilirubin levels at the time of the examination. Although a sonographic diagnosis of choledocholithiasis provides important information for the surgeon, the method is not sufficiently sensitive to serve as a definitive preoperative test for common bile duct stones. PMID- 6608233 TI - Sonography and computed tomography in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the gallbladder. AB - The computed tomographic and sonographic findings of 26 patients with gallbladder carcinoma were reviewed, and the problems and pitfalls encountered with these imaging techniques are discussed. The most common finding, a mass filling or replacing the gallbladder, was seen in 42% of the patients. A mass protruding into the gallbladder was seen in 23%, and diffuse asymmetric thickening of the gallbladder wall in 15%. Recommendations are made to avoid some of the diagnostic problems encountered. With careful and meticulous technique early carcinoma of the gallbladder may be detected with greater frequency by cross-sectional imaging techniques. PMID- 6608234 TI - Quantitative evaluation of fatty liver by computed tomography in rabbits. AB - Biochemical, histologic, and computed tomographic (CT) examinations of the liver were performed in 32 rabbits in which fatty liver was induced by prolonged intravenous fat infusion. In two groups of rabbits, in which 2 and 4 g/kg/day of fat emulsion was administered, respectively, posttreatment reduction in CT value of mild degree was observed, but the reduction was insignificant from the standpoint of diagnosis from CT images. In the group that received 8 g/kg/day of fat emulsion, posttreatment change in CT value was -14.9 +/- 5.1 H, a sufficient reduction for a diagnosis of fatty liver of moderate degree. No significant change in CT value was seen in the no-treatment group or in the group in which 80 ml/kg/day of normal saline solution was infused for 4 weeks. Reduction in CT value in fatty liver might be due largely to accumulation of triglyceride and cholesterol in the liver cells. Significant correlation was found between changes in CT value of the liver and degrees of histologic fat accumulation in the liver cells. Consecutive measurement of CT values of the liver during prolonged intravenous hyperalimentation is a nonaggressive method of diagnosing fatty liver. PMID- 6608235 TI - CT of trauma to the abnormal kidney. AB - Traumatic injuries to already abnormal kidneys are difficult to assess by excretory urography and clinical evaluation. Bleeding and urinary extravasation may accompany minor trauma; conversely, underlying tumors, perirenal hemorrhage, and extravasation may be missed on urography. Computed tomography (CT) was performed in eight cases including three neoplasms, one adult polycystic disease, one simple renal cyst, two hydronephrotic kidneys, and one horseshoe kidney. CT provided specific and clinically useful information in each case that was not apparent on excretory urography. PMID- 6608236 TI - Spontaneous cyst rupture on renal CT. PMID- 6608237 TI - Diagnostic oncology case study. Slow-healing pelvic fractures in a patient with endometrial cancer. PMID- 6608238 TI - Computed tomography of axial skeletal osteoid osteomas. AB - Five cases of axial skeletal osteoid osteomas were viewed with particular attention to the role of computed tomography (CT) as a key diagnostic tool in the evaluation of osteoid osteoma. The complex anatomy of the axial skeleton can make the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma extremely difficult on routine films or tomograms, and the lesion often is well delineated only on CT scans. As complete surgical excision of this benign bony tumor is curative, precise anatomic localization is essential to the surgeon. The unique cross-sectional display of CT of the axial skeleton provides the surgeon with the exact location and extent of the lesion, which may allow a more limited surgical resection of the involved bone by defining the optimal surgical approach or procedure. Conventional radiographs were normal in all patients. Bone scans were positive when obtained and were useful in localizing the lesion and directing CT to the appropriate level. In all five cases CT was of proven value in accurately demonstrating the location, nidus, and other characteristic diagnostic radiographic features of osteoid osteoma. PMID- 6608239 TI - Transarticular extension of chondrosarcoma. PMID- 6608240 TI - Importance of soft-tissue evaluation in hand and wrist trauma: statistical evaluation. AB - Four radiologists reviewed 197 hand and wrist radiographs to determine the usefulness of routine soft-tissue evaluation in the delineation of bony trauma. Soft-tissue changes at four sites in the lateral view were evaluated. Dorsal-hand fat-plane swelling was associated with second through fifth metacarpal fractures (p less than 0.01). Dorsal-wrist fat-plane swelling was associated with carpal fractures and wrist dislocations (p less than 0.01). Pronator and dorsal radial swelling were both associated with forearm fractures and carpal dislocations (p less than 0.01). Soft-tissue changes at five sites in the posteroanterior view were evaluated. Thenar swelling was associated with thumb metacarpal fractures and dislocations (p less than 0.01). Hypothenar swelling was associated with second through fifth metacarpal fractures and dislocations (p less than 0.01). Navicular fat-pad swelling was associated with carpal fractures (p less than 0.01) and strongly suggested a navicular fracture when present. Pararadial swelling was significantly associated with distal radial fractures (p less than 0.01), while paraulnar swelling was significantly associated with ulnar fractures (p less than 0.01). The lateral view of the hand and wrist is useful in compartmentalizing fractures to the hand, wrist, and forearm. Swelling in any compartment should lead to closer evaluation of all bony structures contained within that compartment. The soft tissues found in the posteroanterior view of the hand and wrist help further localize hand and wrist fractures. Additional views should be considered when significant swelling is present in the absence of an obvious fracture or dislocation. When more than one fat plane is unequivocally disturbed, protective immobilization with reexamination in 10 days is recommended. PMID- 6608241 TI - Alternative method of intraocular foreign-body localization. PMID- 6608243 TI - Prenatal observation of umbilical cord hematoma. PMID- 6608242 TI - Improved prediction of gestational age from fetal head measurements. AB - Gestational age estimation based on biparietal diameter alone was compared with three approaches to age prediction that consider head shape: area-corrected biparietal diameter, circumference-corrected biparietal diameter, and head circumference. The analysis was based on 67 fetuses (13-41 weeks) in whom age was known with a high degree of accuracy, using a crown-rump length measurement from a prior first trimester sonographic examination. The three methods that consider head shape are more precise than biparietal diameter alone (p less than 0.05 for second trimester cases, less significantly demonstrated for third trimester cases). While the three appear to be equal to one another in accuracy, area correction may be the preferred approach based on theoretical grounds and on convenience. It is easy and can be used in conjunction with any formula (or table) now applied to biparietal diameter alone. PMID- 6608244 TI - Occult neuroblastoma presenting with opsomyoclonus: utility of computed tomography. AB - The clinical and radiographic findings in 10 children with neuroblastoma presenting with opsomyoclonus are described and the literature is reviewed. Children with opsomyoclonus are often a diagnostic dilemma, as they may not have a palpable tumor or increased urinary catecholamines. Computed tomography (CT) is the most sensitive imaging method in locating tumors (100%) compared with plain radiography of the chest and abdomen (sensitivity 40%), excretory urography (50%), and 99mTc radionuclide bone scans (50%). The use of body CT significantly shortened the interval between initial presentation and final diagnosis and avoided multiple hospitalizations and unnecessary investigations for patients with persistent opsomyoclonus. Since most neuroblastomas are solitary lesions that may arise in the adrenal glands or along the sympathetic chain from the neck down into the pelvis, our policy is to use plain radiography, sonography, and 99mTc methylene diphosphonate (MDP) bone scans for the preliminary investigation of patients with opsomyoclonus. Body CT can then be tailored to suit the needs of the individual patients. PMID- 6608245 TI - Puddling: a distinguishing feature of adult polycystic kidney disease in the neonate. PMID- 6608246 TI - Percutaneous drainage of abdominal fluid collections in children. AB - Percutaneous drainage of intraabdominal fluid collections was performed in 13 children. After initial diagnosis with either sonography or computed tomography, a smallbore aspiration needle (22 gauge) was guided into the collection, usually by sonography. In five patients, complete evacuation was possible using the aspirating needle alone. In seven others, the fluid was successfully drained via a catheter introduced percutaneously. In one patient, surgery was required for complete evacuation of a hematoma containing large blood clots. There were no complications. PMID- 6608247 TI - Optimal use of tolazoline in arteriography. AB - Intraarterial tolazoline, injected before the contrast medium in peripheral and visceral arteriography, has been shown to enhance the diagnostic value of the examination by inducing vasodilation. The time of maximal dilatation after injection, however, has not been clearly established. Photophlethysmography (PPG) was used to measure blood flow changes in 20 consecutive patients with lower extremity arterial disease at rest and during the first 10 min after intraarterial tolazoline injection. Neither time to maximal dilatation (mean, 5.9 +/- 2.1 min) or PPG amplitude increase (mean, 251 +/- 177.2%) was significantly affected by the level of disease, severity of disease, or number of vessels present at the ankle. To make optimal use of tolazoline's vasodilatory effect, a waiting period of 6 min is recommended between tolazoline administration and contrast-medium injection in peripheral arteriography. PMID- 6608248 TI - Thoracic biopsy: CT guidance of thin-needle aspiration. AB - CT-guided percutaneous thin-needle aspiration biopsy of 23 mediastinal and 27 other thoracic masses was performed in 40 patients over a 2-year period. Although biplane fluoroscopy is considered the optimal guidance mechanism for thoracic biopsy, CT was required in this group of patients to ensure accurate needle placement within the lesions or within the most appropriate subsegment of necrotic lesions. A specific diagnosis was obtained in 34 cases, an overall diagnostic accuracy of 85%. Although CT guidance allowed an extrapleural needle trajectory in 23 patients, five of the remaining 17 patients sustained a pneumothorax for which two required tube thoracotomy. PMID- 6608249 TI - Ureteral stenting facilitated by antegrade transurethral passage of guide wire. PMID- 6608250 TI - The Residency Review Committee for Radiology: its organization, function, and performance in diagnostic radiology. AB - The accreditation process for training in radiology is managed by the Residency Review Committee for Radiology under a prescribed system. That system and the actions taken by the Committee in recent years are described. Most applications for new or continuing programs in 1975-1981 were approved. An analysis of the adverse actions of the Committee indicates the most common deficiencies were inadequate clinical experience in subspecialty areas, inadequate formal teaching, and understaffing of the clinical program. Certain trends in radiology are apparent. The numbers of programs in diagnostic and therapeutic radiology have not changed significantly over the past 5 years, whereas opportunities for training in nuclear radiology have increased greatly. The number of trainees in diagnostic radiology has increased 13% during this period; the number in radiation therapy remains unchanged. The number of women trainees in diagnostic radiology has increased from 15% to 22%, and the number of foreign graduate trainees has decreased from 19% to 11%. PMID- 6608251 TI - Breast cancer detection with transillumination and mammography. AB - This prospective study of 1239 women compares the breast cancer detecting abilities of state-of-the-art mammography and transillumination. Mammography was found to be the superior technique, detecting 80 (96%) of the 83 pathologically proven cancers, while transillumination detected only 44 (53%). Among cancers having the best prognosis, transillumination was even less accurate relative to mammography, detecting only 43% of malignancies that had not yet spread to axillary lymph nodes and only 19% of the nonpalpable cancers and cancers smaller than 1 cm, whereas mammography detected over 90% in each of these categories. None of the three cancers missed by mammography were detected by transillumination. Clearly, transillumination is not an acceptable substitute for mammography in the detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. Therefore, the current commercial promotion of transillumination seems to be premature. PMID- 6608252 TI - QUAC: a modest proposal for optimal use of CT scanning equipment (a parody). PMID- 6608253 TI - Upper gastrointestinal radiology under threat. PMID- 6608254 TI - Gestational age. PMID- 6608255 TI - Classification of leiomyomatous lung lesions. PMID- 6608256 TI - Cortisol-resistant lymphocytes in experimental allergic processes and some diseases in men. AB - The material obtained permits us to conclude, that various diseases in men and experimental allergic processes, connected with the stimulation of immune mechanisms, are accompanied by increases of the CRLF. This reaction proved to be universal, for it was revealed in men and different types of animals during the investigation of peripheral blood and lymphatic nodes. The degree and duration of the CRLF increase varies and depends on a number of factors, including the character of the antigen and the type of activated immune mechanisms. All this permits the conclusion, that an increase of the CRLF content is an indicator of a general biological reaction of the immune system to antigen irritation. At the same time, changes take place in the T-lymphocyte system which are expressed by a redistribution of its subpopulations towards the accumulation of cortisol resistant forms of T-cells. Development of sensitization is accompanied by a decrease of cortisol metabolism by lymphocytes of guinea pigs and rats lymphatic nodes. Similar changes in the properties of lymphocytes of human peripheral blood are not so distinctly revealed. PMID- 6608257 TI - Kinetics of some types of lymphocytes in peripheral blood of patients with bronchial asthma. AB - Atopic (house dust) and infectious-allergic forms of bronchial asthma are accompanied by relative and absolute increases in the cortisol-resistant lymphocyte fraction. This increase is higher in infectious allergic asthma and is especially marked in patients, taking cortico-steroid hormones. At the same time a decrease of the relative content of T-lymphocytes from their normal quantity per unit of blood volume was revealed. In patients, taking corticosteroids. This decrease of the relative content of T-lymphocytes was combined with their absolute increase. All patients had a) relative and absolute decrease of the active part of T-lymphocytes (active E-RFC), the degree of which was connected with the stage and form of illness. b) redistribution in the T-population of lymphocytes towards an increase of the cortisol-resistant subpopulation of T cells and especially in patients taking corticosteroids. Increases in the cortisol-resistant subpopulation of T-lymphocytes in patients with infectious allergic asthma and in patients with atopic asthma during remission are accompanied by an increase in the cortisol-resistant part of active T-lymphocytes (active E-RFC), both in patients taking or not taking corticosteroids. PMID- 6608258 TI - Laser: gastrointestinal applications. AB - Although still considered an investigational medical device, and therefore restricted to use in clinical trials, the Nd:YAG laser has become increasingly available in the United States. The laser has been successfully used in the treatment of acute and chronic gastrointestinal bleeding, and for the palliation or ablation of intestinal tract neoplasms. Ongoing trials are needed to determine the cost-effectiveness and side-effect liability as compared to more conventional medical and surgical therapy. PMID- 6608259 TI - Role of coronary artery bypass surgery after intracoronary streptokinase infusion for myocardial infarction. AB - Intracoronary streptokinase infusion has been shown to improve left ventricular function and reduce hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Adjuvant coronary artery bypass surgery is of value in many of these patients who have recurrent angina, circulatory instability, severe coronary artery occlusive disease, or a high risk of reinfarction. There is little, if any, evidence that immediate coronary artery bypass surgery affects the results adversely--either because of recent myocardial infarction or recent streptokinase infusion, and early operation appears to be a safe and worthwhile modality of treatment in this group of patients with myocardial infarction. PMID- 6608260 TI - ANA testing: a comparison of two kits and a discussion of specificity and sensitivity as criteria for selection of screening procedures. AB - A comparative evaluation of two commercial kits that detect antinuclear antibodies via indirect immunofluorescence was undertaken using an adult ambulatory population. The sensitivity and specificity of the kits were compared to determine which of the two was more efficient as a screening test for systemic lupus erythematosus specifically and connective tissue disease in general. Both were equally efficient. The authors emphasize the importance of accurate clinical information in verifying health/disease status when attempting to compare the efficacy of laboratory tests, especially screening procedures. Also important is a valid assessment of the number of false positives likely to be present in the test population, and this is best determined through prospective evaluation. PMID- 6608261 TI - Lymphocytic infiltrates of the conjunctiva and orbit: immunohistochemical staining of 16 cases. AB - The authors have performed frozen section immunologic stains on 16 cases of ocular lymphocytic infiltrates and correlated the results with clinical and histologic findings. Their cases included inflammatory pseudotumor (3), reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (3), atypical lymphocytic infiltrate (9), and small cleaved cell lymphoma (1). Seven of the nine cases with an atypical lymphocytic infiltrate expressed one immunoglobulin light chain, while only one of six considered reactive on histologic evaluation had immunologic results suggestive of a neoplastic B cell proliferation. The case of follicular small cleaved cell lymphoma expressed B lineage antigens but did not express immunoglobulin; this patient died of disseminated lymphoma two years after conjunctival involvement. Percentages and subset ratios of T lymphocytes were quantitated and showed similar results in reactive and neoplastic lesions. There is no apparent difference in clinical presentation or follow-up information between patients with reactive lesions and those having an atypical lymphocytic infiltrate with monotypic immunoglobulin. PMID- 6608262 TI - Plasmapheresis increases T4 lymphocytes in a patient with AIDS. AB - Previously the authors demonstrated that most patients with AIDS have serum antilymphocyte antibodies. Therefore, in an attempt to decrease these antibodies and at least transiently increase blood lymphocytes, they treated one AIDS patient with three courses of plasmapheresis. During or after each course, his T4 lymphocytes rose significantly but subsequently fell to baseline values within two weeks after therapy. The increase in T4 lymphocytes was associated with removal of patient plasma rather than infusion of heterologous plasma. These results suggest the need for more investigation into plasmapheresis as adjunct therapy for AIDS. PMID- 6608263 TI - Composite lymphoma: a unique case with two immunologically distinct B-cell neoplasms. AB - The authors recently have encountered a unique case of composite lymphoma arising in a 69-year-old man with severe long-standing rheumatoid arthritis. The neoplasm was composed of two B-cell lymphomas occurring within a single axillary lymph node: nodules of IgG-kappa nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma were surrounded by a diffuse growth of IgM-lambda well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma. It was the immunohistologic studies performed in this case that demonstrated the simultaneous occurrence of two separate monoclonal lymphocyte proliferations. Without the immunohistologic procedures, this composite lymphoma easily may have been overlooked. This unusual malignancy arose in the background of a long-standing autoimmune disease that may have played a role in its genesis. PMID- 6608264 TI - New findings in neonatal lupus syndrome. AB - Neonatal lupus is a syndrome characterized by cutaneous lupus and/or congenital heart block (CHB). This report reviews our original observations on patients with neonatal lupus during the past five years: (1) Sicca syndrome (SS-A) (Ro) autoantibodies were found in the serum of the mothers and infants, were of maternal origin, and constituted a marker for the syndrome. (2) SS-A autoantibodies were found in the majority of the cases of "idiopathic" CHB and may have been the most common cause of all CHBs. (3) Mothers who had one child affected were at risk for having a second child affected. (4) Mothers were often asymptomatic. (5) HLA associations in this syndrome were HLA-DR3, HLA-B8, HLA MB2, and HLA-MT2, and these occurred in mothers but not infants. Thus, the HLA association was with autoantibody production rather than tissue injury, a finding that may help clarify genetic and environmental roles in autoantibody-mediated disease. PMID- 6608265 TI - Structure-activity relation of thyroid hormone analogues and tissue epidermal growth factor concentrations in neonatal and adult mice. AB - We have shown a positive correlation between the epidermal growth factor concentration in neonatal mouse skin and prior treatment with thyroxine (T4) or triiodothyronine (T3). The results of the present study indicate similar activity of other levorotatory iodothyronine analogues and suggest the following scale of decreasing potency: T3, triiodothyroacetic acid, triiodothyropropionic acid, T4, reverse T3, and diiodothyronine. Metabolically inactive analogues (reverse T3, diiodothyronine) have no effect on skin EGF levels. A similar response pattern was observed in the adult, female mouse submandibular gland, except that T4 seemed relatively more effective. PMID- 6608266 TI - Factitious cutaneous bleeding. A case of pseudostigmata. AB - A 10 1/2-year-old girl had a ten-month history of spontaneous episodes of epistaxis and bleeding from the skin, eyes, and ears. The bizarre nature of the complaint, labeled as stigmata prior to referral, along with the altered family dynamics, led to the conclusion that the origin of the episodes was factitial. A mild case of gingivitis proved to be the source of blood for the bleeding episodes. PMID- 6608267 TI - Increasing ampicillin-resistance rates in Hemophilus influenzae meningitis. AB - We studied the epidemiology of reported Hemophilus influenzae meningitis in Colorado for the years 1977 through 1981. Of 340 culture-confirmed cases, 94% occurred in children less than 5 years old. A marked seasonal variation was present, with peaks in late fall-early winter and late spring. The percentage of H influenzae isolates resistant to ampicillin increased from 4.2% in 1977 to 31.3% in 1981. The incidence of reported disease in children younger than 5 years of age increased from 26 per 100,000 population in 1977 to 39 per 100,000 population in 1981, The overall case fatality rate was 5.2%; mortality was somewhat higher for persons with ampicillin-resistant infections (9.4%) than for those with ampicillin-sensitive infections (4.3%). Our results agree with previous reports of an increasing rate of ampicillin resistance in H influenzae meningitis and indicate a possible increasing incidence of this disease in Colorado. PMID- 6608268 TI - Parasitic diseases in immunocompromised hosts. AB - In patients with compromised host defenses, diseases caused by protozoans and nematodes appeared, a few years ago, to be declining in importance. However, the outbreak of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among homosexual men, parenteral drug abusers, and other groups has made it necessary for physicians to familiarize themselves again with the manifestations of these diseases in abnormal hosts. The groups of patients at greatest risk, the usual clinical syndromes in abnormal hosts, and current approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of infections due to Pneumocystis carinii, Toxoplasma gondii, Strongyloides stercoralis, and organisms of the genus Cryptosporidium are reviewed. Because so many cases of these infections have recently occurred among patients with AIDS, recent experience with these diseases in AIDS patients at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center is summarized. PMID- 6608269 TI - Cluster of cases of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Patients linked by sexual contact. AB - The possibility that homosexual men with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) had been sexual partners of each other was studied. Of the first 19 homosexual male AIDS patients reported from southern California, names of sexual partners were obtained for 13. Nine of the 13 patients had sexual contact with one or more AIDS patients within five years of the onset of symptoms. Four of the patients from southern California had contact with a non-Californian AIDS patient, who was also the sexual partner of four AIDS patients from New York City. Ultimately, 40 patients in 10 cities were linked by sexual contact. On the basis of six pairs of patients, a mean latency period of 10.5 months (range seven to 14 months) is estimated between sexual contact and symptom onset. The finding of a cluster of AIDS patients linked by sexual contact is consistent with the hypothesis that AIDS is caused by an infectious agent. PMID- 6608271 TI - Color vision screening: a comparison of the AO H-R-R and Farnsworth F-2 tests. AB - Vision screening tests should include a simple, reliable, and valid test of color vision defects. In this investigation the single plate Farnsworth F-2 test and the AO H-R-R pseudoisochromatic plates were compared as primary screening tests for red-green color defective vision. The tests were administered to 2827 children, kindergarten through high school grades. Both tests failed a higher percentage of children than expected in the lower grades (kindergarten through 3). In grades 4 through high school, however, 4.16% failed the F-2 test and 4.02% failed the AO H-R-R, compared to a predicted 4.2% of the general population with inherited red-green deficiencies. The failure rates of the F-2 test for 1171 high school boys and girls were 7.3 and 0.89%, respectively, very close to the expected incidence of red-green defects in males and females. Although the F-2 test passed a few pupils who failed the AO H-R-R test, their defects were categorized as mild or borderline on the AO H-R-R test and therefore not likely to be of practical significance. Less than 0.5% of the children in grades 4 through high school failed the F-2 test after passing the AO H-R-R. Some children with normal color vision, particularly very young children, may fail the F-2 test because of difficulty picking out the less obvious blue square. Nevertheless, for screening purposes the F-2 test is comparable to the AO H-R-R test and except for kindergarten and grade 1 pupils is an excellent single plate color vision screening test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6608270 TI - Drug-induced stomatocytosis and anemia during consolidation chemotherapy of childhood acute leukemia. AB - In a group of 23 children with acute leukemia, all but one of whom had entered complete remission, retrospective analysis of hematological profiles demonstrated that administration of consolidation chemotherapy, with a combination of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) and 6-thioguanine (TG), was associated with a fall in the erythrocyte concentration in peripheral blood, the rate of which was at least as fast as would have occurred with total marrow ablation and consequent red cell aplasia. In the absence of profound myelosuppression or detectable hemorrhage, drug-induced erythrocytotoxicity was suspected, prompting in vitro studies of erythrocytes from children with acute leukemia and normal adults. At therapeutic concentration, Ara-C and TG, individually and in combination, produced significant stomatocytosis in samples from both groups. Since phenothiazines are stomatocytogenic and are administered as anti-emetics in conjunction with cancer chemotherapy, chlorpromazine was investigated in parallel studies that demonstrated stomatocytosis at therapeutic concentration, but no consistent interaction with the effects of Ara-C and TG in this regard. These observations suggest a possible pathogenetic mechanism for the development of anemia resulting from drug-induced erythrocytotoxicity. PMID- 6608272 TI - Mixture and luminosity data for dichromats. AB - The mixture diagram for a dichromat reduces to a single line connecting two points that represent the surviving fundamental colors. The intermediate colors match mixtures of the two fundamentals. The luminous efficiency curve can be split into its red and blue, or red and green, or green and blue components which represent the response curves. These response curves can be compared to the response curves of a normal trichromat. The curves derived for a trichromat depend upon the points chosen to represent the three fundamentals. The rationale involved in the choice of fundamentals is explained. The choice depends on (1) the shape of the spectrum locus, (2) adaptation data, and (3) the directions of the confusion lines for dichromats. The red curve derived for a trichromat in this way has two peaks, one at each end of the spectrum. The peak at the short wave end is missing in the case of deuteranopes. Otherwise, the curves in dichromats and trichromats are similar. No allowance has been made for effects of macular pigment and transmission of the media. PMID- 6608273 TI - Mixture and luminosity data for anomalous trichromats. AB - In a previous paper a procedure was outlined for locating the red, green, and blue fundamental colors on a color mixture diagram. This makes it possible to derive the red, green, and blue response curves from the mixture data and the luminous efficiency curve. Curves were derived in a similar way for dichromats and compared to those for normal observers. In this paper, the study has been extended to include anomalous trichromats. In normal observers, tritanopes, and deuteranomalous subjects, the red response curve has two peaks, one at the red end and one at the blue end. The red response can be analyzed into long wave and short wave components. The short wave component is missing in deuteranopes and in the protanomalous observer investigated in this study. The data based on the one protanomal point to the possibility that the long wave component of the red response of the protanomal is similar to that of the normal but reduced in magnitude. In the deuteranomal, the green response is similar to that of a normal but reduced in magnitude. PMID- 6608274 TI - Facial pattern differences in long-faced children and adults. AB - Vertical facial morphology has traditionally been studied by examining subjects chosen because of open bite/overbite or mandibular plane angle. The underlying skeletal and dental morphology associated with clinical facial appearance of normal and vertically dysplastic children and adults has not been well documented. The purposes of this study were to (1) describe vertical facial morphology in long-, normal-, and short-faced children and long-faced and normal adults, and (2) identify morphologic factors associated with the clinical evaluation of long-faced and normal subjects. Forty-two children, 6 to 12 years old, and forty-two young adults with varied vertical facial types were examined clinically and separated into three vertical classifications: long, normal, or short face. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained in natural head position and seven angular, eighteen linear, and six ratio measurements were made. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize all groups, and intergroup differences were compared using analysis of variance for the three child groups and the t test for the two adult groups. For both long-faced children and adults, anterior total face height, mandibular plane angle, gonial angle, and mandibulopalatal plane angle were significantly greater than normal. Ramus height was not significantly different from normal in the children, but there was a tendency for long-faced adults to have short rami. Excessive dentoalveolar development was evident in long-faced children but not in adults. Factors associated with the clinical identification of vertical dysplastic subjects were identified by a principal component analysis. For each component, a variable highly correlated with that component was selected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6608275 TI - Internal perfusion studies demonstrating GABA-induced chloride responses in frog primary afferent neurons. AB - Cl- current in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-sensitive neurons of the frog dorsal root ganglia was separated from other ionic components (i.e., Na+, Ca2+, and K+ currents) using a suction pipette technique, which allowed internal perfusion and current clamp. The GABA-induced depolarization response increased slightly on substituting Na+ by tris(hydroxymethyl)amino-methane+ or Ca2+ by Mg2+ in the external solution. Additional replacement of external and internal K+ with Cs+ further enhanced the GABA response. The GABA response was virtually unaffected when the internal perfusate contained, in addition to 60 mM Cl-, large organic anions such as isethionate-, aspartate-, and citrate- (each 70 mM) as well as aspartate- and GABA (each 35 mM). The reversal potential of GABA-induced Cl- response (EGABA) was equal to Cl- equilibrium potential (ECl) and behaved as a simple Cl- electrode following changes of external and internal Cl- concentrations. These observations indicate the adequacy of internal perfusion. The GABA-induced Cl- response increased in a sigmoidal dose-dependent manner, in which the threshold GABA concentration was around 10(-7) M and the GABA response reached ECl at 10(-4) M. When GABA concentration was higher than 6 X 10(-6) M, the responses were always accompanied by a rapid desensitization. PMID- 6608276 TI - Effect of age and dietary calcium on renal 25(OH)D metabolism, serum 1,25(OH)2D, and PTH. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine how serum 1,25(OH)2D, renal production of [3H]1,25(OH)2D and [3H]24,25(OH)2D from [3H]25(OH)D, and serum IPTH change with age and dietary Ca restriction. Male Fischer 344 rats aged 3, 13, and 25 mo were placed on either a high-Ca (1.2%) or low-Ca (0.02%) vitamin D-replete diet. After 4 wk, serum was collected, and renal conversion of [3H]25(OH)D3 to [3H]1,25(OH)2D3 and [3H]24,25(OH)2D3 was measured in vitro using isolated renal cortical slices. Serum 1,25(OH)2D and renal [3H]1,25(OH)2D3 production were markedly reduced in 13- and 25-mo-old rats compared with 3-mo-old rats fed the low-Ca diet. In 3-mo-old rats, feeding the low-Ca diet increased serum 1,25(OH)2D by 18-fold and renal [3H]1,25(OH)2D3 production by threefold compared with feeding the high-Ca diet. In 25-mo-old rats, dietary Ca had no effect on these parameters. Renal [3H]24,25(OH)2D3 production was increased in the 13- and 25-mo old rats compared with the 3-mo-old rats. Serum IPTH increased with age regardless of diet and was significantly increased by the low-Ca diet in 3-mo but not in 13- or 25-mo-old rats. The changes in serum 1,25(OH)2D and renal [3H]1,25(OH)2D3 production observed in this study may account for the previously observed age-related decline in intestinal Ca absorption in this animal model. PMID- 6608277 TI - Regulation of gastroduodenal HCO-3 transport by luminal acid in the frog in vitro. AB - Luminal acid (10 mM HCl) is a stimulant of surface epithelial HCO-3 transport in mammalian stomach and duodenum in vivo. To determine whether a humoral mechanism is involved in mediation of this response, amphibian fundic, antral, or proximal duodenal mucosae were mounted in parallel in an in vitro chamber with their nutrient (serosal) surfaces facing a common solution. The mucosal surfaces were bathed by separate solutions and the rate of HCO-3 transport by one mucosa titrated (at pH 7.40) during exposure of the parallel tissue to luminal acid. In studies of fundic HCO-3 transport, H+ secretion was inhibited with the histamine H2-antagonist tiotidine (10(-4) M). Fundic luminal acid stimulated HCO-3 transport by a parallel fundus (27 +/- 6%) or antrum (53 +/- 27%) but had no effect on a parallel duodenum. Antral luminal acid had no effect on a parallel antrum, indicating that the gastric stimulant is of fundic origin. Duodenal luminal acid increased HCO-3 transport by both parallel duodenum (21 +/- 5%) and fundus (109 +/- 32%). Stimulation of HCO-3 transport occurred at higher luminal pH in duodenum (approximately 4.0) than in fundus (approximately 2.0). Thus, exposure to luminal acid releases humoral factor(s) capable of stimulating surface epithelial HCO-3 transport by both stomach and duodenum. The actions of these putative stimulants are in part tissue specific, and they may be important in mediation of mucosal protection against luminal acid. PMID- 6608278 TI - Experimental autoimmune damage to rat male accessory glands. II. T cell requirement in adoptive transfer of specific tissue damage. AB - Experimental autoimmune vesiculo-prostatitis (EAVP) was transferred within inbred Wistar rats by a relatively small number of spleen cells obtained 30 days after immunization of donors with MAG extract in CFA and injected in the internal jugular vein of recipients. Specific tissue alterations identical to those present in the glands of the donors were observed 7 days after the transfer of the cells. The main alteration present was infiltration of mononuclear cells in the interstitium accompanied by fibrosis in more severe cases and flattening of epithelium in the ventral and dorsal prostate, seminal vesicle, and occasionally in coagulating gland. Nine out of ten recipients developed sexual accessory glandular lesions of various degrees. No histological alterations were observed in the absence of cell-mediated immune response and extensive damage was only observed in rats expressing two or more positive assays. The separation of the transferred cells into enriched population of T and B cells has proved that T lymphocytes are required for the production of the tissue lesions. Depletion of T lymphocytes by nylon wool separation and anti-rat thymocytes serum and complement completely abrogate their capacity to transfer the glandular alterations. Furthermore, specific antibody precursor cells on their own seem to be incapable to promote the antibody synthesis and to initiate the glandular damage. We conclude that T lymphocytes are required for the adoptive transfer of specific tissue damage observed in autoimmune vesiculo-prostatitis as well as for the development of a cell-mediated immune response to MAG antigens. Whether the same or distinct T-cell subsets are involved in these two effects is discussed. PMID- 6608279 TI - Characterization of cell-mediated immunity in long-term survivors of gastric or colorectal cancer. AB - Cell-mediated immunity was assessed in 12 patients who were long-term survivors of gastric and colorectal adenocarcinomas. A slight decrease in the T-lymphocyte count was accompanied by preserved proliferative reactivity to mitogens (phytohemagglutinin) or alloantigens in 75 percent of the patients. The influence of autologous patient serum on in vitro lymphoproliferative test results was not significant. Selected sera from both study groups showed values of immune complexes that were within the normal range. The colorectal cancer group had antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity within the ranges already established for the normal control subjects. Cellular immune mechanisms seem to have been well preserved in long-term survivors of gastric or colorectal carcinoma. PMID- 6608281 TI - [Prognostic potentials of pregnancy-specific beta l-glycoprotein in retarded fetal growth]. PMID- 6608282 TI - Is poikiloderma a graft-versus-host-like reaction? PMID- 6608280 TI - [Results of a study of several genetically caused forms of perinatal pathology]. PMID- 6608283 TI - Inhibition of the late phase reaction to anti-IgE by previous mast cell activation with compound 48/80. AB - The concept of an obligate association between mast cell activation and development of a late phase reaction (LPR) to various agents in human skin was further elucidated. Skin sites were treated four times at 24 h intervals with non LPR-inducing doses of the histamine liberator compound 48/80 in 10 volunteers. The previously compound 48/80-challenged sites responded with an approximately 40% attenuated early response (P less than 0.01) and a 70% reduction of the LPR (P less than 0.001) to subsequently injected anti-IgE as compared with simultaneous reactions at control sites. The data suggest that mediators from the cutaneous mast cells are necessary for the final expression of an LPR. PMID- 6608285 TI - [Portal hypertension. The internist's view]. PMID- 6608284 TI - [Fibrin glue in otorhinolaryngology]. PMID- 6608286 TI - [Portal hypertension. The surgeon's view]. PMID- 6608287 TI - [Circulatory behavior under electrostimulation anesthesia (ESA)]. AB - A comparative study was made of the circulatory conditions during ESA via paravertebral electrodes and halothane anaesthesias and neurolept analgesia. During 654 operations (cholecystectomies, struma-surgery, vein by-pass grafting and varicotomies) heart rate and mean arterial pressure before the onset of anaesthesia and the highest intraoperative measured rates were compared. The same parameters after intubation/before the start of the operation respectively before and after the start of the operation were compared with regard to the specific type of anaesthesia. Before the start of surgery no marked reactions of the circulatory system were observed during ESA compared to other anaesthesia techniques. No difference in heart rate and mean arterial pressure were found during the start of the operation with the different anaesthetic techniques. For struma surgery the reaction of the circulatory system during ESA was significantly better than in halothane anaesthesia while during surgery of the upper abdomen and vein by-pass grafting in ESA patients there were significantly greater rises in heart rate and mean arterial pressure. PMID- 6608288 TI - [Use of muscle relaxants under electrostimulation anesthesia (ESA)]. AB - A comparative study was made of the consumption of muscle relaxants during electrostimulation anaesthesia (ESA) in comparison to halothane anaesthesia and neurolept anaesthesia. 441 operations (struma surgery, saphenous vein bypass grafts, varicotomies) showed a significantly raised consumption of muscle relaxants when performed under ESA. For struma surgery and varicotomies the consumption was 17.2% respectively 13.9% higher than during halothane anaesthesia and for vein bypass grafting 14.3% higher than during neurolept anaesthesia. The potentiating effect of inhalation anaesthetics on muscle relaxants and the possibility of an activation of the reticular formation via electrical stimulation of muscular and nervous tissues under ESA are discussed. PMID- 6608289 TI - Intraoperative detection of myocardial ischemia with an ST segment trend monitoring system. PMID- 6608290 TI - Hypotension secondary to air trapping treated with expiratory flow retard. PMID- 6608291 TI - Hemodynamic effects of pancuronium and pancuronium plus metocurine in patients taking propranolol. PMID- 6608292 TI - A comparison of two regimens for the management of diabetes during open-heart surgery. PMID- 6608293 TI - Preoperative cessation of smoking and pulmonary complications in coronary artery bypass patients. PMID- 6608294 TI - [Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on cardiac tolerance to high-frequency stimulation in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6608295 TI - Cell mediated immunity in perennial allergic rhinitis. AB - The authors studied a group of 72 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. The following parameters were determined: the distribution of T total and T active and B lymphoid populations, non-specific T suppressor activity induced by concanavalin-A, response indices to stimulation by phytohaemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen and levels of serum IgE. Comparison with 100 healthy controls showed a diminution with respect to the T total lymphoid subpopulation (p less than 0.001) and the suppressor activity (p less than 0.001). There was no significant change regarding the T active and B values and the lymphoproliferative response to the phytohaemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen. A correlation was seen between the IgE levels (elevated in 62.5% of patients) with the T suppressor activity which was statistically significant (p less than 0.01). PMID- 6608296 TI - [Correction by a calcium inhibitor of a coronary spasm occurring during aortocoronary bypass]. AB - A case of recurrent coronary artery spasm after coronary revascularization under cardiopulmonary bypass is related. The spasm, which occurred under nitroglycerin perfusion, was suspected on the ECG tracing and confirmed during immediate reoperation. It was successfully treated with bepridil, a calcium-channel blocking agent. The use of such agents after cardiac surgery is discussed. PMID- 6608297 TI - Hemorrhage from gastric mucosal tears complicating cardiopulmonary resuscitation. AB - We observed at autopsy two patients in whom clinically significant gastrointestinal bleeding occurred from gastric mucosal tears following closed chest cardiac massage. Review of autopsy files showed that, when the Mallory Weiss syndrome is excluded, linear mucosal tears along the lesser curvature of the stomach occur in about 2% of patients given cardiopulmonary resuscitation; similar lesions have not been observed in patients not subjected to resuscitation. The localization of the tears along the lesser curvature of the stomach is probably the consequence of the catenoidal configuration of that region. The importance of the mucosal tears lies in their propensity to hemorrhage if resuscitation is successful. PMID- 6608298 TI - Endogenous Cushing's syndrome complicated by Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. AB - We report a case of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with ectopic production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). The patient presented with Cushing's syndrome caused by a malignant thymic carcinoid. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pneumonia in patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome. PMID- 6608300 TI - Erosion of adjacent organs by pancreatic pseudocysts. AB - Erosion of adjacent organs occurred in 19 of 80 patients with pseudocysts of the pancreas (22%). A total of 26 organs were eroded. Thirteen patients had single organ erosion and six patients had two or more sites of involvement. The gastrointestinal tract was most frequently affected (stomach-seven, duodenum five, duodenojejunal junction-two, colon-two). It is probable that many of these communications occur without detection and result in spontaneous internal drainage of the cyst. The surgical management of cystenteric fistulas is attended by a low morbidity and mortality. Urinary tract involvement occurred in two patients, both of whom recovered following correction of the communication and retrograde drainage of the pancreatic ducts. Eight patients developed erosion of adjacent major arteries and in six this resulted in major upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Two of these patients died as a direct consequence of the vascular erosion. Vascular involvement clearly represents a formidable complication in patients with pancreatic pseudocyst. This study illustrates the diverse complications that may develop when pseudocysts erode into adjacent organs. The risks appear to be greatest in cysts that develop in the course of chronic pancreatitis, in acute cysts associated with severe necrotizing pancreatitis, and when acute cysts are followed for prolonged intervals without surgical decompression. PMID- 6608299 TI - Correlation between serial pulmonary function tests and fiberoptic bronchoscopy in patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - The records of 9 adult male patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and biopsy-proved Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were reviewed to determine the correlation between serial pulmonary function tests and the presence or absence of Pneumocystis organisms in subsequent bronchoscopy specimens. At diagnosis, total lung capacity (TLC) or vital capacity (VC) was abnormally low in 4 patients (44%) and diffusing capacity (DLCO) was abnormally low in 8 patients (89%). The ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) was elevated in all patients. After 21 to 47 days of specific therapy for Pneumocystis pneumonia, changes in DLCO, TLC, VC, and FEV1/FVC did not correlate with the presence or absence of Pneumocystis organisms in bronchoscopy specimens from 7 patients. However, changes in DLCO 105 to 258 days after diagnosis seemed to correlate with the late response to treatment in 6 patients. These results suggest that decisions to terminate specific therapy for Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with AIDS should not be based on short-term changes in pulmonary function. PMID- 6608301 TI - [Choice of treatment in recurrent urinary infections in childhood]. AB - Forty-two cases of children showing recurrent urinary tract infection were treated. Three treatment guides were used: the first group of children were given trimetoprim-sulphametoxazole (TMP-SMZ) only, the second and third ones were treated with TMP-SMZ and alternative nitrofurantoine in the former or nalidixic acid in the latter. After treatment a meaning reduction in frequency of urinary tract infection cases (p less than 0.001) were observed. Best results (lesser percentage of failures and lesser number of urinary tract infection cases per month of observation) were achieved in the second and third groups, probably due to a high percentage of resistance cases against TMP-SMZ found during prophylactic treatment (72.07). PMID- 6608302 TI - [Diagnosis and follow-up of cerebral ventricle pathology using transfontanelle real-time echography]. AB - Authors evaluate 36 patients with different degrees of cerebral ventricular dilation divided in three groups according with previous clinical features. Cerebral ultrasonography demonstrated to be a more accurate method than CAT in most of cases examined by these two procedures. Real time cerebral ecography is indicated in follow-up of conditions which need repetitive controls like hydrocephalus with ventriculo-peritoneal shunts, posthemorhagic ventricular dilations or daily follow-up o acute pathology like ill-course meningitis. Finally they describe situations in which ultrasonography may have a great value as cerebral screening test. PMID- 6608303 TI - A texture analysis model for the classification of video images of B and T cells and the formation of subcategories. AB - B and T lymphocytes of known origin were used to test a pretopologic (mathematical) classification model that uses chromatin texture as a parameter. One data base was obtained by digitizing the cells with a standard TV camera coupled with a microscope, with the images transmitted to an image-analysis system (ASTI) coupled with a multi-20 computer. A second data base was obtained from the same slides using the TAS coupled with a PDP 11/34. The data bases were analyzed by the pretopologic program, which paramatizes the dispersion and aggregation of 15 possible optical densities (O.D.) and their relation to each other for each cell. Sub-categories were formed according to an algorithm that forms categories of images having the same pretopologic predominating sequences of O.D. values. In the ASTI system, 92% of the B-cell and 94% of the T-cell training samples were classified unambiguously; the test sample was classified as 60% B cells and 40% T cells, which is in close agreement with the spleen distribution as noted in the immunologic literature. The classification algorithm found 13 B-cell subcategories and 12 T-cell subcategories in the respective training sample; classification of the spleen test sample added no new subcategories. The TAS results were in agreement with the ASTI results within the limits of a restricted sample size. The overall B-cell and T-cell classification results were in agreement with those obtained by other authors . The subcategories found are unlikely to be fortuitous since only certain combinations of predominating O.D. values occurred and a large number of digitized nuclei had identical parameters. Nevertheless, the biologic significance of the subcategories cannot be assessed by mathematical methods alone, and these methods must be tested with appropriate biologic models. PMID- 6608304 TI - Endoscopic sclerotherapy for esophageal varices. Health and Public Policy Committee, American College of Physicians. PMID- 6608305 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome "AIDS": limits of the unknown]. PMID- 6608306 TI - Interaction between lysolecithin and platelets and its relationship to disease. PMID- 6608307 TI - Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans endophthalmitis with subacute endocarditis. AB - Endocarditis and unilateral endophthalmitis due to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans heart disease. The ocular infection was notable for its localized presentation and slow evolution. Treatment with systemic, subconjunctival, and topical gentamicin sulfate and ampicillin sodium achieved 20/20 acuity with a residual chorioretinal scar in the nasal periphery. Intravitreal injection of the organism into a rabbit confirmed its minimal pathogenicity within the eye. This organism must now be considered in patients with differential diagnosis of endogenous endophthalmitis complicating endocarditis and septicemia. PMID- 6608308 TI - [Evaluation of T lymphocyte subpopulations in women before and after surgical castration]. PMID- 6608309 TI - [Strategy for the prevention and treatment of post-paralytic facial syncinesis]. AB - The existence of facial heimspasm and post-paralytic syncinesia is in general interpreted as the result of aberrant reinnervation following a Bell's palsy. In a certain number of cases, electrophysiological tests reveal synaptic abnormalities in the facial nucleus. These findings must be taken into consideration, together with the possibility of ephapsic stimulation of the proximal part of the facial nerve, when explaining the regression of syncinesia which is found in certain patients during the reinnervation phase. Prevension is based principally upon the quality of treatment and the rapidity with which both electrophysiological testing is undertaken and treatment started. It is important to avoid treatment aimed at accelerating reinnervation (neuronotrophic factors, dielectrolysis, etc . . . The process should take place naturally. Electrical stimulation, administered under conditions of choice of current on the basis of the lesion, experimentally prevents dissemination of reinnervation. Repeated evaluation of possible diffusion of the blink reflex can be used to detect sub clinical stages of progression to syncinesia. It would seem necessary to review from a particular standpoint the organised programming of physiotherapy and its association with biofeedback-EMG techniques. If signs of syncinesia develop, appropriate physiotherapy, biofeedback-EMG techniques and contralateral strio motor electrotherapy combined with sedative and anti-paroxysmal therapy should be started. PMID- 6608310 TI - Experimental otitis media with effusion following middle ear inoculation of nonviable H influenzae. AB - In order to test the hypothesis that nonviable bacteria can induce middle ear inflammation leading to persistent middle ear effusion (MEE), we conducted an animal experiment using formalin-killed Hemophilus influenzae, the bacterium reported to be the most common pathogen isolated from chronic MEEs. Over 70% of the chinchillas injected with formalin-killed H influenzae type b or a nontypeable isolate developed sterile, straw-colored serous MEEs, and exhibited histological evidence of extensive inflammatory changes of the middle ear mucosal connective tissue and epithelium. Control animals injected with pyrogen-free sterile saline did not exhibit any inflammatory changes or effusions in the middle ears. Our data suggest that endotoxin on the surface of H influenzae, a gram-negative bacterium, may be responsible for the induction of the otitis media with effusion. It is suggested that endotoxin (even when the organisms are no longer viable) may be responsible for the production of serous MEE and inflammatory changes in the middle ear. PMID- 6608311 TI - Development of intercellular junctions in the vestibular end-organ. A freeze fracture study in the mouse. AB - The intercellular junctions and the tight junctions in particular are considered to be of great importance for the function of the inner ear. The two fluid compartments of the inner ear, the perilymphatic space and the endolymphatic space, need to be effectively separated from each other in order to maintain the ionic gradients between the two. The tight junctional structures have been described in mature animals of several species. In the present article the development and maturation of the intercellular junctions are described in the mouse embryo. Junctional elements are already present in the 12th gestational day otocyst. Over the next few days, the otocyst is differentiated into a cochlear portion and a vestibular portion. The tight junctions in the vestibular portion gradually attain their mature appearance. It seems as if the tight junctions of the supporting cells develop slightly faster than those of the hair cells. At the time of birth, all epithelial cells have obtained mature appearance. The tight junctions are fully developed on the supporting cells as well as the hair cells. Small gap junctions are present in the 14th gestational day specimens. Two days later the hair cells and the supporting cells are well differentiated; small to medium-sized gap junctions are present only on the supporting cells at this stage. At the time of birth larger gap junctional aggregates have developed on the supporting cells. PMID- 6608312 TI - Electrical stimulation for the relief of pain. AB - Electrical stimulation can relieve some severe and otherwise persisting pains. At its best it can be associated with either a gradual reduction in the pain or an increased ability by the patient to control his suffering. It seems particularly appropriate for use in the field of benign persistent pain. Equipment design and materials, particularly for implantable circuits, are not perfect. Movement towards percutaneous implantation, obviating the need for open operation, seems progressively more popular. Any unit or group using this form of treatment, must be prepared to provide major technical facilities, both in the form of people and equipment in order to cater for the many purely technical problems that occur. A great deal of knowledge both neurophysiological and neurochemical seems to be accruing from the clinical use of electrical stimulation. We would do well to take advantage of this opportunity, in the hope that it might lead us to a better understanding of the functioning of the nervous system. This consideration remarkably parallels an observation made by John Hunter in his presentation to the Royal Society in 1773 (13) which anticipated the realisation of the part played by electricity in the function of nerves. Following his description of the extraordinary innervation of the electric organs of the Torpedo fish, he wrote: 'How far this may be connected with the power of the nerves in general, or how far it may lead to an explanation of their operations, time and future discoveries alone can fully determine.' PMID- 6608313 TI - Non-invasive imaging techniques in surgery. AB - In this review article some of the commoner imaging techniques currently available for investigating surgical patients are described. In particular the uses and limitations of ultrasound and radionuclide techniques including emission tomography are discussed. PMID- 6608314 TI - Importance of extracellular and cell-bound beta-lactamase in mediating resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to mezlocillin. AB - Most penicillin-resistant staphylococci release a considerable portion of their beta-lactamase into the surrounding medium. Accumulation of this exoenzyme in conventional susceptibility test systems may result in a rapid inactivation of hydrolyzable antibiotics. Since under in vivo conditions the concentration of extracellular beta-lactamase should depend on the site of infection, susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus to mezlocillin, a broad-spectrum penicillin, was measured in an open test model which prevented build-up of exoenzyme. The staphylococcal cells were immobilized and incubated between two membrane filters, and the excreted beta-lactamase was washed out by a constant flow of broth containing the antibiotic. Two test strains which produced large amounts of extracellular beta-lactamase and which were found to be resistant in the broth dilution test proved to be susceptible to mezlocillin in the open test model. This indicates that resistance to mezlocillin as measured by the broth dilution method was mediated predominantly by the extracellular enzyme fraction. Experiments performed with small infective doses in a model of peritoneal infection in leukopenic mice suggest that mezlocillin exhibits a therapeutic effect against beta-lactamase-producing staphylococci under certain in vivo conditions in which build-up of extracellular beta-lactamase does not occur. PMID- 6608315 TI - Thalamic stimulation for control of movement disorders. AB - Chronic recurrent thalamic stimulation has been effective in alleviating a variety of movement disorders. In contrast to thalamic lesions, it is preferred for the treatment of intractable motor disorders in low-risk elderly patients and patients with diffuse brain lesions secondary to trauma. Abnormal diencephalic electrical discharges have been observed and thought to be associated, in some way, with either generating or sustaining the movement abnormalities. The beneficial effects are ascribed to an electrophysiologic functional ablation of the discharging systems. This interpretation is based on the observation that the diencephalic discharges are attenuated by the applied stimulation and that the beneficial effects are reversible even after several months of applied therapeutic stimulation. PMID- 6608316 TI - Combined electrical stimulation of the periaqueductal gray matter and sensory thalamus. AB - 11 patients with chronic intractable pain of at least 3 years' duration underwent a morphine infusion test, the results of which suggested a syndrome of superimposed somatogenic and neurogenic pain components. They then underwent stereotactic implantation of a dual-channel brain stimulation system with two brain electrodes, one in the left periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) and the other in the sensory thalamus contralateral to the neurogenic pain. Using this system, all patients have obtained excellent simultaneous relief of both pain components (follow-up 12-36 months). The findings support a notion of two separate sensory modulating systems. They indicate that combined electrical stimulation of the PAG and sensory thalamus is a technically feasible and clinically satisfactory modality for the control of pain in humans, and they appear to indicate that better pain control is obtained by continuous, cycled stimulation of the PAG than by the conventional mode of stimulation. PMID- 6608317 TI - Spinal stimulation: statistical superiority of monophasic stimulation of narrowly separated, longitudinal bipoles having rostral cathodes. AB - A prospective study of a large number of spinal stimulating electrodes permitted a statistical comparison of stimulus parameters, including phase, polarity and orientation of bipolar electrodes. For the treatment of pain, the technical grade of a stimulator is proportional to the range of stimulation, which was found to be significantly greater under the conditions listed in the title. PMID- 6608318 TI - Reduction of intractable seizures using cerebellar stimulation. AB - Of the 32 patients with active intractable seizures, 27 had spastic cerebral palsy (CP) and 5 had epilepsy (EP), and all underwent chronic cerebellar stimulation (CCS) (amplitude 1-2 microC/cm2/phase, rate 10-180 pps, duration of implantation 0.5-7 years, average 4.5 years). Grand mal seizures occurred in 23 patients (19 CP, 4 EP); with CCS 17 patients stopped, 4 had a reduction, 3 were unchanged. Petit mal occurred in 9 patients (8 CP, 1 EP); with CCS 4 patients ceased seizuring, 3 reduced and 2 were unchanged. Myoclonic seizures were present in 6 patients (5 CP, 1 EP); with CCS 1 patient stopped, 3 had a reduction while 2 patients were unaffected. Severe psychomotor seizuring affected 2 EP patients, 1 had a marked behavioral improvement and finally stopped seizuring for the past 9 months. Overall, CCS stopped 18 (57%) of the patients seizuring, reduced a further 9 (28%), with no effect in 5 patients (15%). PMID- 6608319 TI - Diencephalic seizures. Case report. AB - Intractable complex partial and diencephalic seizures in 1 patient are being treated effectively by intermittent daily electrical stimulation in the right thalamus in conjunction with phenytoin, 200 mg/day. Electrical stimulation in the right thalamus was found to suppress spike and sharp wave discharge activity temporarily in the right thalamus and in the left parietal and right scalp leads. It was postulated that beneficial effects from electrical stimulation were due to electrically 'jamming a low-threshold discharge system'. PMID- 6608320 TI - Cutaneous T-lymphocyte lymphoma in association with multiple myeloma. AB - We report a case of cutaneous T-lymphocyte lymphoma in which multiple myeloma, a B-lymphocyte neoplasm, developed. We also review the emerging evidence on the immunoregulatory capacity of neoplastic T lymphocytes. Our case clinically supports the notion that neoplastic T lymphocytes may sometimes express helper activity for a specific B-lymphocyte clone (idiotype-specific helper function). PMID- 6608321 TI - Haemophilia and T lymphocyte subsets. AB - Number of circulating lymphocytes and T cell subsets were assessed in 13 boys with severe haemophilia and 12 age matched controls. There was no significant difference between the two groups. This conflicts with previous findings in adults where lymphopenia and changes in T cell subpopulations have been found frequently. PMID- 6608323 TI - Upper gastrointestinal bleeding. A significant complication after surgery for relief of obstructive jaundice. AB - A retrospective review of 409 patients with bile duct obstruction (373 undergoing definitive surgery and 36 undergoing laparotomy only) identified 27 patients who developed significant postoperative gastrointestinal bleeding necessitating transfusion. All 27 had undergone a definitive procedure to relieve obstruction. Nineteen patients required blood replacement of six or more units. The majority of patients bled in the first four postoperative days. The sites of hemorrhage were identified in 25 patients, gastric erosions being the most common lesions detected. Thirteen of the 27 patients died, seven due to overwhelming blood loss despite massive transfusion. Eight of the 27 required an operation because of bleeding. An analysis of the relationship between preoperative factors and gastrointestinal bleeding identified three factors that were independently associated with this complication. These were: 1) an initial hematocrit of 30% or less; 2) an initial leukocyte count in excess of 10 X 10(9)/l; and 3) a malignant obstructing lesion. Patients with two or all three of these factors were identified as being at very high risk of developing postoperative gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Bleeding into the upper gastrointestinal tract has been confirmed to be a major problem in the surgical management of patients with obstructive jaundice. Further studies of the etiology and prevention of this complication are indicated. PMID- 6608322 TI - Sezary syndrome with early immunoblastic transformation. AB - Two patients with clinical manifestations of Zezary syndrome are reported. In both cases from an early stage of the disease in addition to characteristic Sezary cells large numbers of immunoblasts were present in skin lesions and peripheral lymph nodes and in one case also in the blood. Their relationship to the characteristic Sezary cells was shown by morphological, cytochemical and immunological methods. The infiltrates in the skin were epidermotropic in one case and nonepidermotropic in the other. Lymph node structure was effaced by diffuse infiltration of abnormal lymphoid cells. These were found to proliferate in the skin as well as in lymph nodes. Cytogenetical studies of blood lymphocytes indicated an abnormal hypodiploid clone in both cases. Immunologically the tumour cells had properties of peripheral T-lymphocytes but whereas all abnormal cells exhibited inducer/helper cell characteristics in one case, only a minority of the lymphocytes revealed these characteristics in the other case. In this case the tumour cell population changed into a more pleomorphic type. The classification of the cases is discussed. PMID- 6608324 TI - Umbilical hernia repair in patients with cirrhosis. No evidence for increased incidence of variceal bleeding. AB - Umbilical hernias are common in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Often elective repair is delayed for fear of precipitating acute variceal bleeding by interruption of portal--systemic venous collaterals. In order to test this hypothesis, the incidence of variceal bleeding following repair of umbilical hernia was determined retrospectively in 22 consecutive patients from our hospital and 74 others from six reports in the literature. Overall the perioperative (less than 3 months postrepair) incidence of variceal bleeding was 11%. This incidence of bleeding was equal to the incidence of bleeding reported in the literature in a group of cirrhotics with varices who did not undergo surgery. In addition, no correlation was seen between patients with a preoperative history of varices or bleeding and those who bled after surgery. Therefore, surgical repair of umbilical hernia can be performed in these patients without additional risk of precipitating variceal bleeding. PMID- 6608325 TI - Coronary artery bypass surgery following thrombolytic therapy for acute coronary thrombosis. AB - One hundred thirty-six patients underwent thrombolytic therapy for acute evolving myocardial infarction from June, 1981, through December, 1982. Of these patients, 51 underwent coronary bypass procedures from two hours to 90 days (average, 16 days) following thrombolytic therapy. Six (12%) had single-vessel disease, 15 (29%) had double-vessel disease, and 30 (59%) had triple-vessel involvement. Ejection fraction values ranged from 21 to 60%. The average number of grafts performed per patient was 3.4. There were no operative deaths in this series. Postoperative hemorrhagic problems were minimal, and the incidences were no different from those for other coronary bypass patients. In follow-up ranging from 2 to 18 months, there was no recurrence of severe angina or other clinical evidence of saphenous graft occlusion in the thrombolysed vessels. Of the 45 patients eligible to return to work, 40 (89%) have done so. The data from this series suggest that surgical myocardial revascularization after intracoronary thrombolytic infusion for acute myocardial infarction can be performed safely and that complete recovery and a high return-to-work ratio can be anticipated. PMID- 6608326 TI - Upper extremity vein graft for aortocoronary bypass. AB - Twenty-four autologous vein grafts taken from the upper extremities were used in 13 patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass procedures. All of these patients had had previous bilateral saphenous vein stripping. Clinical follow-up between 3 months and 6 1/2 years is reported. Ten patients were recatheterized. There was neither operative mortality nor appreciable morbidity. All the patients are alive and well at the present time. Eleven out of 13 were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class I 3 months after operation. Nine patent grafts out of 10 were seen during recatheterization in 6 patients studied less than 9 months after operation. In a subgroup of 5 patients followed for more than 1 year, 2 are now in NYHA Functional Class I, 2 in Class II, and 1 in Class III. Graft patency had been determined in 4 of these patients. Five grafts out of 8 were patent, 2 of them with gross abnormalities. In conclusion, we have some reservations about the long-term fate of these grafts. PMID- 6608327 TI - Pain amelioration after thoracotomy: a prospective, randomized study. AB - Twenty patients undergoing a posterolateral thoracotomy for lung resection or a nonpulmonary procedure were divided into four groups. Group 1 was the control group. Patients in Group 2 had an intercostal nerve block at the time of closure. Those in Group 3 underwent a continuous intercostal nerve block for five days. Electronic pain control was used in Group 4. An additional group of patients underwent operation through an anterolateral thoracotomy (Group 5) and was compared with the control group. Breathing performance was evaluated daily for five days with bedside spirometry, and intergroup comparison was done utilizing the unpaired t test and analysis of variance. Forced expiratory volume in one second, expressed as percent of preoperative values, was significantly better in Group 3 (continuous intercostal nerve block) at 52.4 +/- 9.2% (standard deviation; p less than 0.05) and in Group 5 (anterolateral thoracotomy) at 52.0 +/- 7.5% (p less than 0.05) than in the control group (38.4 +/- 8.8%) five days postoperatively. It is concluded that bedside spirometry is a simple and reliable technique to assess postoperative changes in ventilatory mechanics due to pain. The pain that follows posterolateral thoracotomy can be substantially decreased with a continuous intercostal nerve block. Anterolateral thoracotomy is notably less painful than posterolateral thoracotomy and should be considered the approach of choice for patients with decreased pulmonary reserve who undergo uncomplicated pulmonary resection. PMID- 6608328 TI - Acute oligoarthritis associated with Clostridium difficile pseudomembranous colitis. AB - The abrupt onset of a sterile inflammatory oligoarthritis developed in a patient with active Clostridium difficile pseudomembranous colitis. The arthritis affected a hip and a knee. Leukocyte counts of synovial fluid obtained from the patient's left hip and knee were elevated. He was haplotyped as HLA-B27 antigen positive. The colitis and arthritis promptly abated after treatment with oral vancomycin hydrochloride. Three other cases of arthritis associated with antibiotic-induced colitis were reviewed. It seems as if treatment of the colitis leads to resolution of the arthritis. PMID- 6608329 TI - Amyloid deposition in serosal membranes. Its occurrence with cardiac tamponade, bilateral ureteral obstruction, and gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - Widely dispersed amyloid deposition of the serosa occurring in a patient produced impairment of cardiac, renal, and gastrointestinal integrity by encasement. This patient survived the acute complications of both cardiac tamponade and bilateral ureteral obstruction due to amyloid. This case demonstrates the utility of resorting to aggressive life-support mechanisms despite an apparently systemic spread of amyloid disease in selected cases. PMID- 6608330 TI - Population genetics in the state of Nuevo Leon, Mexico. VI. Frequencies of ABO, Rh(D), MN and other genetic traits among normal and partially colour-blind males. PMID- 6608331 TI - Lymphoblastic reactivity and chemotactic and phagocytic activity in patients with typhoid fever. PMID- 6608332 TI - [Effect of the intensity of the stimulating current on intracranial self stimulation in the rat]. PMID- 6608333 TI - Regional brain glucose metabolism in chronic schizophrenia. A positron emission transaxial tomographic study. AB - Thirteen diagnosed schizophrenics and 11 normal controls were studied with a method using the PETT III positron emission tomograph (PET) and fluorodeoxyglucose labeled with fluorine 18. Each subject also had a computed tomographic (CT) scan. For each subject, two brain levels, one through the basal ganglia and one through the semioval center, were analyzed for the mean regional metabolic glucose rate. Specifically, relationships between frontal and posterior regions were evaluated. The CT scans of matching levels were superimposed on the functional PET images to provide anatomic criteria for region of interest selection. While no whole-slice metabolic differences were apparent between groups, schizophrenics had significantly lower activity in the frontal lobes, relative to posterior regions. The medicated and drug-free groups did not differ from one another in these regards. Trait v state dependency of the phenomenon was analyzed, and several technological limitations were considered. PMID- 6608334 TI - Some problems associated with war experience in men of the Vietnam generation. AB - A national sample of men who were of military age during the Vietnam War (n = 1,342) was interviewed six to 15 years after veterans in the sample had left the service. Our findings showed that violent experiences in war were associated with a variety of behavioral and emotional problems. When preservice background factors were statistically controlled, combat exposure showed an association with arrests and convictions (generally for nonviolent offenses), with drinking, and with symptoms of traumatic stress. Participants in atrocities reported more stress symptoms and greater use of heroin and marijuana than did other veterans. Veterans who experienced no combat and did not take part in atrocities, however, did not differ appreciably from nonveterans. Not all men who experienced combat or took part in atrocities reported personal difficulties; almost three fourths of heavy-combat veterans were not arrested after the service. Tape recorded responses of the ten blacks and 18 whites who took part in atrocities suggested that soldiers' emotional responses may have been determined by their ability or inability to dehumanize the victims. Future research would benefit from a closer coordination of clinical and epidemiologic approaches. PMID- 6608335 TI - Effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan on serum cortisol levels in major affective disorders. I. Enhanced response in depression and mania. AB - The serum cortisol concentration following administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), 200 mg orally, a precursor of serotonin (5-HT), was significantly greater in unmedicated depressed and manic patients than in normal controls. Increases in serum cortisol levels greater than 5 micrograms/dL were significantly more frequent in both unmedicated depressed and manic patients than in the normal controls. There was significant test-retest reliability. Baseline serum cortisol concentration correlated negatively with the cortisol response to 5-HTP in normal controls. These results suggest increased 5-HT receptor sensitivity may be present, possibly in the hypothalamus or pituitary, in some patients with affective disorders. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that decreased serotonergic activity, which would be expected to produce increased 5-HT receptor sensitivity, may be present in both depression and mania. PMID- 6608336 TI - Effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan on serum cortisol levels in major affective disorders. II. Relation to suicide, psychosis, and depressive symptoms. AB - Serum cortisol levels were significantly higher after administration of 5 hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), 200 mg orally, in unmedicated patients with affective disorders than in controls. The magnitude of the serum cortisol increase correlated positively with the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Change (SADS-C) depression syndrome ratings and correlated negatively with psychotic symptoms in 26 patients with major depression. The serum cortisol response was greater in four depressed and three manic patients who made suicide attempts than in 33 patients who were not suicidal or only had suicidal thoughts. The cortisol response was also greater in patients with bipolar depression than in those with unipolar depression and those with a first-degree relative with an affective disorder. Absence of psychotic symptoms and commission of suicidal acts were associated with an increased cortisol response to 5-HTP in the depressed patients. The cortisol response to 5-HTP in the manic patients also tended to correlate with the SADS-C manic syndrome score. PMID- 6608337 TI - Production of lymphokines by murine cortisone-resistant thymocytes, stimulated by concanavalin A. I. Comparison of optimal culture conditions for proliferative response and interleukin-2 production. AB - The conditions for optimal proliferation and production of interleukin-2 by cortisone resistant thymocytes stimulated by concanavalin A were compared. The results show that identical culture conditions are optimal for both responses but peak of interleukin-2 production precedes the peak of proliferation. PMID- 6608338 TI - T and B lymphocytes in peripheral blood and tonsils of children after tonsillectomy. AB - In a group of 50 children suffering from chronic tonsillitis an increased number of B lymphocytes and decreased number of T lymphocytes was found. The same children after tonsillectomy had almost normal number of T and B lymphocytes. PMID- 6608339 TI - Forearm pain secondary to compression syndrome of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm. AB - This report describes a syndrome of compression of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm (LCNF), the distal termination of the musculocutaneous nerve. Three patients presented with pain or numbness along the radial aspect of the distal forearm. There was a history of vigorous upper extremity exercise with elbow extension and arm pronation or resisted elbow flexion. Signs included: decreased sensation to pin and light touch in the distal forearm over the cutaneous distribution of the nerve; tenderness to palpation over the nerve where it pierces the deep fascia of the arm lateral to the bicipital tendon and proximal to the elbow crease; and decreased elbow extension with arm fully pronated. Electrodiagnostic studies revealed either a prolonged distal latency or decrease in amplitude of the evoked response of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm in the symptomatic arm. Patients responded to treatment directed to the site of the lesion where the nerve pierces the deep fascia of the arm. Treatment methods included: restriction of upper extremity activity, use of a posterior splint to restrict elbow extension, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), ultrasound, and surgical decompression. This syndrome may be readily differentiated from other causes of pain along the distal radial aspect of the forearm, making accurate diagnosis and treatment possible. PMID- 6608340 TI - Mortality and rebleeding after hypertensive variceal disconnections. AB - Forty-five patients had operative disconnections of portoazygos venous collaterals for variceal hemorrhage. Nineteen alcoholic patients had urgent partial azygos disconnection (PAD) to control bleeding; this involved intragastric variceal and coronary and distal gastric-vein ligation. A complete azygos disconnection (CAD), which also included splenectomy, was done urgently in 14 patients and electively in 12 patients; 15 were alcoholics. All patients were assessed for operative risk by a modified Child's classification. Hospital mortality after urgent PAD or CAD in alcoholics was 67%, largely due to intraperitoneal sepsis or hepatorenal failure with recurrent hemorrhage. Operative modified Child's classification of survivors was better (lower) than in nonsurvivors. Eleven nonalcoholic patients had CAD; two died of intraperitoneal sepsis. Nine survivors did not rebleed nor have encephalopathy develop during an average follow-up of 41 months. Complete azygos disconnection was a good alternative, particularly in the elective setting, for patients with nonalcoholic portal hypertension. PMID- 6608341 TI - [Hypersensitive reactions and their significance in human pathology. Autoimmune diseases]. AB - In the light of current concepts on cell interactions in hypersensitivity reactions of the cell-mediated and humoral type the author analyses morphological manifestations of these reactions, the possibility of change of one type of the reaction by the other in the course of immunopathological process, and the importance of hypersensitivity reactions in the development of many human diseases. According to the Sell's scheme, six groups of such diseases differing from each other by the pattern of the immunopathological mechanisms underlying them are considered. The importance of pathological investigations which would reveal characteristic local morphological manifestations in the forms of various types of immune inflammation and changes in the organs of the immunocompetent system of the lymphoid tissue, which could be used for judgement of the pattern and essence of the immunopathological process, is emphasized. PMID- 6608342 TI - Ocular involvement by a peripheral T-cell lymphoma. AB - Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas can simulate uveitis. Two patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma had anterior uveitis. Material was obtained from the enucleated eye in case 1, and from an inguinal lymph node in case 2. Immunologic evaluation of this material led to the diagnosis of peripheral T-cell lymphoma in both cases. Immunologic evaluation is useful in the examination of patients with lymphoma. PMID- 6608343 TI - Cefonicid concentrations in human aqueous humor. AB - One-gram doses of cefonicid sodium were given intravenously to patients prior to cataract surgery. Although serum levels were high, cefonicid levels in aqueous humor were low: mean peak concentrations of 0.25 and 0.27 mg/L were observed two and four hours after administration, respectively. The unusually high protein binding of cefonicid may explain these observations. The observed concentrations were not above the minimum inhibitory concentrations of cefonicid for those pathogens commonly involved in bacterial endophthalmitis. PMID- 6608344 TI - Moxalactam retinal toxicity. AB - Moxalactam disodium is a new third-generation semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, cephalosporin-like antibiotic for parenteral administration. Topical, subconjunctival, and intravenous administration provide poor concentration in the vitreous. To determine its toxicity in intravitreal administration, we injected comparative doses directly into the vitreous cavity of 21 rabbits. With doses of 1.25 mg or less there was no toxic damage to the retina. With a dose of 2.5 mg, early degeneration of photoreceptors was seen after three months. With higher doses (5 and 10 mg) there were major histopathologic and electroretinographic changes. These results suggest the feasibility of employing moxalactam in the treatment of acute, severe, fulminant bacterial endophthalmitis. PMID- 6608345 TI - Immunologic analysis of intraocular mononuclear cell infiltrates in uveitis. AB - The pathogenesis of chronic idiopathic uveitis is not known. Analysis of inflammatory site (ie, intraocular) lymphocytes in the aqueous humor and/or vitreous cavity was performed with monoclonal antibodies and a cell sorter. The mononuclear cell population within the aqueous humor of eyes with acute idiopathic uveitis resembled that observed in the peripheral blood. In contrast, eyes with chronic idiopathic uveitis displayed a scarcity of T cells within the vitreous. Eyes with chronic uveitis of presumed infectious cause did not show similar changes. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that intraocular T-cell immunoregulation of B-cell function may be defective in some stages of chronic idiopathic uveitis. PMID- 6608346 TI - beta-Lactamase-producing bacteria recovered after clinical failures with various penicillin therapy. AB - The presence of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in clinical specimens was investigated in 185 children with orofacial or respiratory tract infections. All of these patients failed to respond to antimicrobial therapy, including penicillins, that was administered to 148 (80%) of them. beta-Lactamase-producing aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were detected in 75 (40.5%) of the 185 children. The beta-lactamase-producing strains included all 11 strains of the Bacteroides fragilis group, 30 (45.4%) of the 66 strains of Bacteroides melaninogenicus group, five (41.7%) of the 12 strains of Bacteroides oralis, and 41 (97.6%) of 42 strains of Staphylococcus aureus. All beta-lactamase-producing Bacteroides strains were resistant to penicillin as compared with the non-beta-lactamase producing strains. Clinical cure was achieved after surgical drainage and a change in antimicrobial therapy in most of the patients. In treatment of orofacial and respiratory tract infections, the clinician should consider the presence of beta-lactamase-producing Bacteroides sp and S aureus as a possible cause of clinical failure with various penicillin therapies. PMID- 6608347 TI - Smooth muscle cell proliferation in response to endothelial injury in coronary arteries of normal and von Willebrand's disease swine. AB - The proliferative response of medial smooth muscle cells to balloon-induced endothelial denudation was measured in coronary arteries of normal and von Willebrand's disease swine, a strain of swine with a genetic defect affecting platelet-vessel wall interactions. Animals were sacrificed 48 hours following endothelial injury. Incorporation of a 1-hour pulse label of 3H-thymidine was determined by measuring DNA specific activity. Autoradiography of coronary artery step segments was also performed. The ratio of DNA specific activity in ballooned vessels to that in nonballooned vessels ranged from 1.2 to 26.2. No statistically significant difference in 3H-thymidine incorporation between the two phenotypes was documented (p greater than 0.25). Similarly, DNA incorporation of 3H thymidine as determined by autoradiography was accelerated to the same degree in ballooned vessels in both phenotypes. The results suggest that von Willebrand factor-mediated platelet activation is not essential for the release of platelet derived growth factor or that in vivo factors other than platelet-derived growth factor play a significant role in the response of medial smooth muscle cells to acute intimal injury causing endothelial denudation. PMID- 6608348 TI - [Formation of oligotrophic pseudarthroses by using low temperatures and their stimulation with bipolar rectangle impulse sequences and interference current]. PMID- 6608349 TI - Epidermal growth factor and tumor promoters prevent DNA fragmentation by different mechanisms. AB - Serum deprivation of C3H 10T 1/2 fibroblasts resulted in DNA fragmentation which was prevented by growth factors such as Epidermal Growth Factor or the tumor promoters, 12-0-tetradecanoyl-13-0-phorbol acetate and Dihydroteleocidin B. Palmityl carnitine, an inhibitor of Ca2+-phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C, reversed the effects of the tumor promoters, but not the effect of Epidermal Growth Factor. PMID- 6608350 TI - Nonresponsiveness of immature B lymphocytes to anti-immunoglobulin is reversed by pronase. AB - Splenic B cells are induced to proliferate upon culture with antibody having specificity for surface membrane immunoglobulins. Cells treated with pronase, washed and then cultured with antibody, exhibited a greater than 5-fold enhancement of DNA synthesis whereas pronase treatment, per se, was not mitogenic. The pronase effect exhibited specificity in that the induction of proliferation with either lipopolysaccharide or dextran sulfate was not enhanced by prior enzyme treatment. Cells from mice at two weeks of age which essentially do not show a proliferative response to antibody become responsive subsequent to pronase treatment. These results are interpreted to suggest a possible growth regulatory role for the pronase sensitive surface membrane component. PMID- 6608351 TI - Differential inhibition of human placental monooxygenase activity: evidence for multiple forms of 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase. PMID- 6608352 TI - The risk of developing ankylosing spondylitis in HLA-B27 positive individuals. A comparison of relatives of spondylitis patients with the general population. AB - The present study was performed on 61 HLA-B27 positive first-degree relatives and 40 HLA-B27 negative relatives of 20 HLA-B27 positive probands with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Of 24 HLA-B27 positive relatives 45 years or older, 21% had AS and 38% sacroiliitis. The HLA-B27 negative relatives did not have features of either disease. In the population study of 2,957 individuals 45 years or older, we found 5 cases of HLA-B27 positive sacroiliitis (according to the New York criteria) and 3 of these fulfilled the New York criteria for diagnosis of AS. In 2 of these 3 individuals, the diagnosis was made on clinical grounds. The phenotype frequency of HLA-B27 in this population is 7.8%, or about 230 HLA-B27 positive individuals in this population sample. Since AS was found in only 3 individuals, 1.3% of the HLA-B27 positive individuals in the population at large have AS; therefore, our data show that among individuals 45 years or older, 21% of HLA-B27 positive relatives of HLA-B27 positive AS patients have AS as compared with 1.3% of the HLA-B27 positive individuals in the population at large. Thus, the risk for AS is 16 times greater in the HLA-B27 positive relatives compared with HLA-B27 positive individuals in the population at large. The discriminatory value of the New York criterion of history of pain or the presence of pain at the dorsolumbar junction or in the lumbar spine was analyzed in the population and family studies and was found to be too nonspecific. PMID- 6608353 TI - In vitro T lymphocyte proliferative response to Yersinia enterocolitica in Reiter's syndrome. Lack of response in other HLA-B27 positive individuals. AB - We assessed the in vitro T lymphocyte tritiated thymidine (3HTdr) incorporation response of Reiter's patients in the United States to a serotype 3 strain of Yersinia enterocolitica. The mean 3HTdr incorporation response to the formalin killed form of this strain was 27,409 +/- 5,488 counts per minute for 14 HLA-B27 positive Reiter's patients compared with 5,414 +/- 3,490 cpm for a control group of 11 HLA-B27 positive normal individuals (P less than 0.0005). This high response in Reiter's patients was observed with the formalin killed form of Y enterocolitica serotype 3, but not with a heat killed form or a rough mutant form derived from the same bacterial strain. Further, Y enterocolitica of a different serotype (serotype 8) which is not associated with reactive arthritis failed to induce the high proliferative response observed with the serotype 3 strain. This response indicates that T lymphocytes from spontaneous Reiter's patients are capable of recognizing and proliferating to determinant(s) on the formalin killed form of Y enterocolitica serotype 3. Since this bacterium is associated with Reiter's syndrome in Europe but not the United States, these data are consistent with the possibility that our patients have previously encountered these or similar determinants through unrecognized infection with other microorganisms. PMID- 6608354 TI - Autoreactivity to collagen in a murine lupus model. AB - MRL/l mice exhibit many characteristics of human systemic lupus erythematosus including antinuclear antibodies, circulating immune complexes, glomerulonephritis, and death secondary to renal failure. In addition, these mice have elevated levels of rheumatoid factor and spontaneously develop arthritis that has many similarities to human rheumatoid arthritis. Our present studies indicate that, with age, they also develop reactivity to types I and II collagen. The levels of antibodies against native or denatured types I and II collagen in the sera of 4-5-month-old MRL/l mice are significantly higher than those in the sera of age-matched Balb/c or MRL/n mice. The specificity of these antibodies for collagen was demonstrated by a competitive binding assay. The T cells from 1- or 2-month-old MRL/l mice exhibited a significant proliferative response in the presence of type I collagen and a mild or no response to type II collagen. Both antigenic and mitogenic responses decreased with age. The results suggest that the development of autoimmunity to collagen may play an important role in the perpetuation of arthritis, vasculitis, and glomerulonephritis in MRL/l mice. PMID- 6608355 TI - [New biologically active theophylline derivatives. Synthesis and pharmacologic properties of flufylline and fluprofylline]. AB - Within the course of the research project for finding new cardiovascular drugs we have synthetized since 1976 piperazine- and piperidine derivatives of theophylline. The screening shows for the substances Sgd 19578 (flufylline) and Sgd 14480 (fluprofylline) a long-lasting blood pressure lowering activity as well as a remarkable serotonin- and histamine antagonism and broncholytic activity. On the basis of these results these compounds were selected for further investigation. PMID- 6608356 TI - Cardiovascular actions after intravenous and intracoronary administration of the slow channel blocker bepridil. AB - The effects of 1-[3-isobutoxy-2-(benzylphenyl)amino]propyl pyrrolidine hydrochloride (bepridil), a new calcium channel blocker, on the systemic and coronary circulation were studied in intact anesthetized domestic pigs. Intravenous administration (0.125-0.500 mg X kg-1 X min-1 over 5 min) caused dose dependent decreases in systemic (8-26%) and coronary vascular resistance (10 41%), but had only a minor effect on cardiac output and myocardial contractility. Myocardial O2-consumption decreased slightly (1-15%). After administration of 0.5 mg X kg-1 X min-1 there was a slight decrease in heart rate. Intracoronary (i.c.) administration (500-1500 micrograms) had only a slight effect on global hemodynamics and regional myocardial wall function but caused large increases in coronary blood flow (100%) and coronary venous O2-content (140-170%), while myocardial O2-consumption decreased by 40-60%. This decrease in O2-consumption after bepridil i.c. in the absence of significant hemodynamic changes is discussed in terms of a more efficient O2-energy metabolism. The severe hypotension after intravenous administration will enhance catecholamine release and may mask this beneficial effect of bepridil on myocardial O2-consumption during the latter mode of administration. PMID- 6608357 TI - [Hemoptysis and congenital cardiopathy. Study of a case]. PMID- 6608358 TI - Incidence of colourblindness in different Indian populations: further example of selection relaxation hypothesis. AB - Incidence of colourblindness among 1154 males belonging to seven endogamous groups viz. Brahmins, Rajputs and Shilpkars of Pithoragarh (Uttar Pradesh), Brahmins and Rajputs of Simla (Himachal Pradesh) and Kolis and Rajputs of panchmahal [Gujarat] has been reported. The frequency of colourblindness varies from 1.74% in Shilpkars to 5.0% in Kolis. Further, Indian male population data have been divided into three categories on the basis of their mode of life and habitat to test Post, Pickford and Neel and Post's hypothesis of differential selection for colourblindness. PMID- 6608359 TI - Isolation and characterization of circulating immune complexes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - We studied soluble immune complexes in sera and synovial fluids of ten patients suffering from Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), six seropositive and four seronegative. Isolation of the immune complexes was obtained by a combination of gel filtration and affinity chromatography from biological fluids. The first step involved preparation of a globulin-enriched fraction by precipitation of either serum or synovial fluid with 5% polyethylene glycol 6000. The precipitate was solubilized in Borate NaCl buffer and fractioned by gel filtration in Ultrogel AcA 34. Eluted peaks were submitted to affinity chromatography on a Protein A-Sepharose CL 4B column. The recovered material was analyzed by double immunodiffusion and electrophoresis in 6-20% polyacrylamide gel containing sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS-PAGE) and was shown to contain IgG, IgM, IgA with small amounts of C1q, C3 and C4. Observation occurred that there is a different distribution of macromolecular and intermediate complexes in seropositive and seronegative samples respectively, total C1q binding activity being equal. PMID- 6608361 TI - [Effect of metavanadate on papillary water uptake]. AB - It has been examined the influence of vanadium on the papillary osmotic water salts uptake in order to differentiate it from water flow of other biological substrates as amphibia epithelia. Between the different vanadium compounds only the metavanadate is active and only after administration in the abdominal vein. The general influence of metavanadate is a facilitating one and concerns: electrical receptor afferent discharge, osmotic water uptake and ciliary motility. At the papillary level therefore vanadium is not at all an inhibitory agent as observed in many biological substrates. This observation rule out any analogy in the processes of water inflow operating respectively at the fungiform papillae and amphibia epithelia. PMID- 6608362 TI - [Paracoronal cavity system and papillary water uptake]. AB - In the research it has been carried out a morphological investigation of the paracoronal area of the fungiform papillae. By means of scanning, transmission and light microscopy it has been observed in this area a series of superficial openings around and external to the ciliary crown; and in the epithelium corresponding cavitary system. Each cavity on the other hand appears surrounded by extremely narrow epithelial cells and thus appears able to facilitate the papillary exchange activity. This paracoronal cavitary system is proposed as morphological candidate for the conspicuous water entry in the papillae during osmotic phenomena. PMID- 6608360 TI - [Capillary networks and osmotic uptake in fungiform papillae]. AB - In the research it has been tested the ability of convoluted capillary network of the fungiform papillae to act as countercurrent ionic exchanger and therefore to give rise a water uptake from the external environment. Manometric determinations of the water inflow during immersion of the tongue in solutions of different osmolality have shown a conspicuous water uptake, osmotic in nature and largely supported by the Na+ absorbed from the external solutions. The Na+ inhibits also the receptor electrical response to the stimulating Ca++ solutions. These observations show that the papillae can be considered as osmotic devices and emphasise also that the Na+ is directly involved in the papillary functional activity. PMID- 6608363 TI - [Possibility of prenatal diagnosis of progressive muscular dystrophy: evaluation of creatine kinase activity in serum and the capping of lymphocytes]. AB - Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a severe inherited disease. The pathogenesis is unknown. Duchenne dystrophy is characterized by a large number of membrane abnormalities, which are manifested by a leakage of muscle enzymes, such as creatine kinase (CK), and a reduction in cap formation in lymphocytes. In the present study serum CK and percentage lymphocyte capping in 8 patients with progressive muscular dystrophy, 6 with different myopathies and normal controls are investigated. Reduced antibody-induced redistribution of membrane antigens of B and T lymphocytes and high serum CK activity is found in boys with Duchenne dystrophy if compared with normal subjects and no correlation exists between the two parameters. Our data indicate that the determination of fetal serum CK activity associated with fetal lymphocyte capping may have diagnostic value in antenatal detection of Duchenne dystrophy. PMID- 6608364 TI - [Intracellular activity of Cl- measured with microelectrodes selective for Cl- in superficial epithelial cells of gastric mucosa at "rest"]. AB - Intracellular chloride activity and the electrical membrane potential differences were determined in surface epithelial cells of frog fundic gastric mucosa in resting conditions. Separate measurements were carried out by applying single barreled, (KCl filled), conventional and liquid Cl- -selective microelectrodes. Membrane potentials with respect to the serosal (psi cs) and mucosal surfaces (psi cm) recorded with conventional microelectrodes, were -67 +/- E.S. 1.7 mV and -39.9 mV (as calculated from psi cs and psi T) respectively. The average electrical potential measured with Cl- -selective microelectrodes with respect to the serosal bath (psi Cl-cs) was -30.5 +/- E.S. 1.9 mV which yields an intracellular Cl- activity of 14 mmol/l, a value that is 2.8 times that predicted for an equilibrium distribution across the serosal membrane. On the contrary, Cl- seems to be distributed at equilibrium across the mucosal membrane. These results indicate that Cl- is accumulated across the serosal membrane into gastric cells in an energy requiring step. PMID- 6608365 TI - [Quality of life in patients with aortocoronary bypass. Follow-up study 4 to 7 years after surgery]. PMID- 6608366 TI - [Visualization of cerebellopontine angle diseases by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging]. AB - The preliminary results from the clinical use a prototype whole body nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) machine constructed by Toshiba Inc. are presented. Cranial NMR scans were performed on more than 30 cases with broad spectrum of neurologic diseases using saturation-recovery and inversion-recovery sequences with a field strength of 1500 Gauss. Selective excitation sequence was used for the slice selection and filtered backprojection was used to reconstruct the images. They were displayed on a 256 X 256 matrix as 12 mm thick sections. Data acquisition time varied between 3 and 12 minutes. Our initial experiences with six cases harboring cerebellopontine angle lesions disclosed advantages and disadvantages of NMR imaging in comparison with X-ray CT. The advantages were the absence of linear artifacts from the surrounding bone, the marked gray-white matter differentiation, and the variety of tomographic planes available. The disadvantages included the lack of bone detail, the lack of visualization of the major intracranial vessels, and the long time required for scanning (several minutes per slice). Although much continued evaluation is necessary, NMR seems to have vast potential as a diagnostic tool. PMID- 6608367 TI - Assessment of aortocoronary bypass grafting using exercise ST segment/heart rate relation. AB - The maximal rate of progression of ST segment depression relative to increases in heart rate (maximal ST/HR slope) has recently been shown to be an accurate index of the presence and the severity of coronary heart disease in patients with angina. The value of this new exercise test was assessed in patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass. The maximal ST/HR slope and the results of coronary angiography were obtained in each of 46 patients before aortocoronary bypass surgery and in 26 of the 46 patients six months after the operation. At each stage of the investigation the maximal ST/HR slope detected without false results the absence and the number of significantly diseased vessels as shown by angiocardiography. As in previous findings the ranges of the maximal ST/HR slope showed no overlap between the four groups of patients: those with no significant disease and those with single, double, or triple vessel disease. In each of the 46 patients in whom the maximal ST/HR slope was determined before operation and three months afterwards the slope was lower after operation than before, indicating improvement. Follow up examinations showed that the maximal ST/HR slopes accurately detected the number of patent grafts used to bypass significantly diseased coronary arteries. Furthermore, the development of a significant narrowing or occlusion in any vein graft caused an increase in the maximal ST/HR slope which was equivalent to the value of single vessel disease. It is suggested that the maximal ST/HR slope may be used reliably in individual patients to indicate restoration of adequate blood supply to the myocardium after successfully aortorcoronary bypass surgery and the to detect in the period of six months after the operation the degree of severity of coronary heart disease whether it is caused by occlusion of the graft of significant disease of the coronary arteries. PMID- 6608368 TI - Chronic myelodysplastic syndrome: short survival with or without evolution to acute leukaemia. AB - The myelodysplastic syndromes represent a prognostically diverse group of disorders. Their study has recently been facilitated by the classification proposed by the French-American-British (FAB) Cooperative Group. Using this scheme it is now possible to define more precisely their natural history and clinical relationship to acute leukaemia. Using the longitudinal case control technique, we reviewed the clinical data and morphology of 69 patients (all elderly males) with chronic irreversible haematological cytopenia and dysplasia. Applying FAB criteria we found: refractory anaemia (RA) in 43%; sideroblastic anaemia (RA-S) in 33%; refractory anaemia with excess blasts (RAEB) in 13%; RAEB in transformation (RAEB-T) in 9% and chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) in 1%. The median survival for the entire group was 27 months (RA, 52; RA-S, 29; RAEB, 12; RAEB-T 11; and CMML, 2 months). Short survival was predicted by transfusion requirement and other manifestations of severe cytopenia, as well as by myeloid immaturity. The presence or absence of sideroblastosis did not correlate with survival. Acute leukaemia developed in only eight patients (12%), six of whom initially had RA. Leukaemic transformation was not predicted by progressive cytological immaturity. This study demonstrates that even in the absence of leukaemic transformation, chronic myelodysplasia is a lethal haematological disorder. PMID- 6608369 TI - T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with late developing Philadelphia chromosome. AB - A case of childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is presented in which the only chromosome abnormality at diagnosis was a deletion of part of the short arm of one chromosome 9 (9p-). Cytogenetic studies at relapse showed, in addition to 9p-, a partial deletion of the long arm of one chromosome 6 (6q-) and the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) produced as a result of the classical translocation t(9q+;22q-). All metaphases from haemopoietic colonies grown from a cryopreserved specimen of this patient's marrow at relapse were normal, in contrast to haemopoietic colonies cultured from patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) which contained the Ph1. A hypothesis which incorporates T-cell ALL with late development of the Ph1 into the overall family of Ph1 positive diseases is suggested. PMID- 6608370 TI - T cell function in refractory anaemia with excess blasts. PMID- 6608371 TI - Blast crisis in CML showing early T-lymphoblastic transformation. PMID- 6608372 TI - Blue fleck corneal iridescence: an occasional feature of Cogan's microcystic corneal dystrophy. AB - Flecks consisting of brilliant reflective blue dots and streaks were a prominent biomicroscopical feature in three patients with Cogan's microcystic corneal dystrophy. Two patients required epithelial debridement. We used the material obtained to investigate their histology and ultrastructure. A subepithelial accumulation of basement membrane-like material composed of ultrastructurally fine granules was deposited in alternating layers of compaction and rarefaction. The layers lie mostly parallel to the anterior corneal surface, but in some places they are folded. Such foldings are possibly the sites of multilaminar reflection and constructive interference, giving rise to the blue iridescence. PMID- 6608373 TI - Endophthalmitis due to caterpillar setae: surgical removal and electron microscopic appearances of the setae. AB - A case of endophthalmitis due to caterpillar setae was, for the first time, successfully treated by surgical removal of the setae. The procedure was facilitated by the use of sodium hyaluronidate. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of the setae showed evidence of enzymatic degradation of the shaft and burial of the spines in exudate. PMID- 6608374 TI - Effect of external ammonium on the kinetics of the sodium current in frog muscle. AB - The effect of externally applied 20 mM NH4Cl on steady-state Na+ inactivation h infinity and other electrical parameters has been studied in voltage-clamped frog muscle fibres. Exposure to Ringer with 20 mM NH4Cl causes a small transient shift of the h infinity (E) curve to more positive potentials. Upon return to normal slowly into the original position. Similar but smaller shifts of the descending branch of the INa (E) curve, of the PNa(E) curve and of the time to peak curve are also observed. The shifts are thought to result from the changes in intracellular pH which occur during and after NH4Cl application. The observations are compatible with the idea that intracellular pH affects the surface charge potential at the inner side of the membrane. PMID- 6608376 TI - Spectrophotometric studies of the interaction of S-adenosylhomocysteinase with adenosine, adenine and cordycepin. AB - The spectral changes observed on interaction of S-adenosylhomocysteinase with adenine and cordycepin are approximated by the addition of dimethylsulfoxide to the aqueous solutions of these compounds, but not by protonation of the compounds. Although adenosine when bound to the enzyme undergoes partial reactions, it gives a spectral change similar to those obtained with adenine and cordycepin, except for the occurrence of a peak at 327 nm due to the reduction of the enzyme-bound NAD. From these results, it is suggested that S adenosylhomocysteinase binds the nucleoside substrates mainly through hydrophobic interactions. PMID- 6608375 TI - Comparative studies on biological activities of subcomponents C1q of the first component of human, bovine, mouse and guinea-pig complement. AB - Both the haemolytic activity and the binding ability to immunoglobulin G(IgG) (Fc binding ability) were comparatively assayed among human, bovine, mouse and guinea pig C1q. The haemolytic activity was measured by using the sensitized sheep erythrocytes with rabbit immunoglobulin M(IgM)- or IgG-haemolysin. The Fc-binding ability was assayed by using immune complexes made of rabbit IgG-antibody against human serum albumin as well as agglutination of latex particles coated with human, bovine or rabbit IgG (IgG-latex). The specific haemolytic activity was comparable with between bovine and mouse C1q, while those of guinea pig and human C1q were significantly lower than those of the others. Only the human and mouse C1q showed significantly positive agglutinating activity of human or bovine IgG latex. In the case of the use of rabbit IgG-latex, each of these C1q gave much weaker agglutination. On the other hand, the ability of all these C1q to bind to Fc of immune complexes specifically was almost comparable. The discrepancy in specific activities between the haemolysis and the Fc-binding ability may suggest that these two biological activities are not always correlative and that these are independent biological phenomena. PMID- 6608377 TI - A hydrogen exchange study of the open segment in a DNA double helix. AB - The kinetics of the hydrogen-deuterium exchange reactions of double-helical poly[d(A-T)] X poly[d(A-T)], poly(dA) X poly(dT), and constituent nucleosides (deoxyadenosine and thymidine) have been examined at various temperatures by stopped-flow ultraviolet spectrophotometry, in the spectral region 240-300 nm. The results were interpreted on the basis of a mechanism of the hydrogen exchange reaction of a helical polynucleotide, proposed by Englander and colleagues as well as by the Tsuboi and Nakanishi group. It was concluded that the rates of the base-pair opening reactions are nearly equal to one another in double-helical DNAs, irrespective of the base sequence. On the other hand, the free energy required for bringing the open segment at a particular base-pair was found to be much greater for poly(dA) X poly(dT) than for poly[d(A-T)] X poly[d(A-T)]. PMID- 6608378 TI - On the mechanism for the red-cell accumulation of mefloquine, an antimalarial drug. AB - The accumulation of the antimalarial drug mefloquine by human red blood cells has been studied by 19F-NMR spectroscopy. The uptake process was nonlinearly dependent on the external drug concentration. Concentrations inside cells as high as 60-times greater than those in the extracellular phosphate-buffered-saline were observed. Red-cell ghosts were also found to accumulate mefloquine with high affinity binding sites for the drug. Hemoglobin was found to bind mefloquine with low affinity, but due to the high concentration of this protein it is a significant drug compartment in the red cell. Analysis of the 19F-NMR chemical shifts and linewidths of mefloquine in the presence of red cells, red-cells ghosts and hemoglobin indicates restricted mobility of the drug in the membrane bound state and slow exchange with the extracellular medium. This is a significant characteristic of the reaction in connection with the prophylactic activity of the drug. Exchange of the drug between hemoglobin and the red-cell membrane, however, is fast and may play an important role in the bioavailability of the drug to the parasite. PMID- 6608379 TI - [EB virus, immunodeficiency, bone marrow aplasia, malignant mononucleosis and sex linked lymphoproliferative B syndrome (XLP)]. AB - The X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome may be the model of a EBV-induced immunodeficiency which may lead, in case of T-insufficiency, either to myeloid aplasia, or to a polyclonal proliferation of the malignant, infectious mononucleosis (MI) type or, if it becomes secondarily monoclonal, non-hodgkin lymphoma (LNH). PMID- 6608380 TI - Effects of neuraminidase on the regulation of erythropoiesis. AB - In this article, we present evidence that sialic acid-containing surface components play a role in the regulation of erythropoiesis. A 1-hr exposure of mouse bone marrow cells to high concentrations of neuraminidase reduced erythroid colony formation. Coculture of 10(6) untreated thymocytes with neuraminidase treated bone marrow cells restored erythroid colony growth. Neuraminidase-treated thymocytes retained their ability to suppress erythroid colony formation by untreated marrow cells, but lost their ability to enhance erythroid colony formation. Continuous exposure to low concentrations of neuraminidase enhanced erythroid bone marrow cell colony growth in response to a suboptimal dose of erythropoietin. PMID- 6608381 TI - Release of granulocyte-specific colony-stimulating activity by human bone marrow exposed to phorbol esters. AB - Granulocyte-macrophage colony growth depends on the presence of colony stimulating activity (CSA). Phorbol esters induce concentration-dependent colony formation in the absence of exogenous CSA. We questioned whether phorbol esters mimicked the action of CSA by directly stimulating colony growth, or whether phorbol esters acted indirectly by inducing marrow cells to release CSA. First, after incubating human bone marrow cells with phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDB) for 3 days, we separated PDB from the protein peak of the conditioned medium by Sephadex G-10 gel filtration and tested this peak for the presence of CSA. When diluted 1:10 in the agar colony assay, this material induced 133 +/- 15 colonies/10(5) bone marrow cells. Second, to determine whether bone marrow cells required the continued presence of PDB in order to release CSA, PDB was removed from bone marrow cells by washing, and these cells were reincubated in fresh medium in the absence of PDB. CSA was found in the medium of these cultures; its release was maximal after preincubation of bone marrow cells with 5 X 10(-8) M PDB for 3 days, followed by incubation for 3 days in the absence of PDB. This CSA stimulated granulopoiesis out of proportion to monocytopoiesis, with 85% +/- 17% of the colonies being granulocytic (as indicated by histochemical staining for chloroacetate esterase), and 12% +/- 3% being monocytic (as indicated by nonspecific esterase). Inhibitors of monocyte colony formation, including PGE1, were not present in the medium that contained this CSA. These studies demonstrate that normal human bone marrow cells exposed to PDB release CSA and that this CSA selectively stimulates granulopoiesis in vitro. PMID- 6608382 TI - Induction of proliferation of purified human myeloid progenitor cells: a rapid assay for granulocyte colony-stimulating factors. AB - The proliferation and differentiation of granulocyte and monocyte progenitor cells (CFU-C) in vitro is dependent on the presence of a group of closely related glycoproteins termed colony-stimulating factors (CSF). In order to investigate the interaction of these factors with CFU-C, we purified CFU-C from the peripheral blood of chronic myeloid leukemia patients with an immune rosette technique using specific monoclonal antibodies (mean 74-fold enrichment, 45% cloning efficiency). Colony formation by purified CFU-C demonstrated an absolute dependence on an exogenous source of CSF. Liquid culture of small aliquots of enriched CFU-C with CSF-containing medium resulted in a rapid, time- and concentration-dependent induction of DNA synthesis as measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation. This specific CSF induction of DNA synthesis by enriched CFU-C was used to develop a microassay system for CSF activity. CSF activity could be reproducibly quantitated in 24-48 hr. The proliferating cells in this assay system were shown to be myeloid progenitor cells by examining the morphology of their progeny and by determining the surface antigen phenotype of the responding cells (Ia+, T3-, B1-, Mo1-). This microassay provides a quantitative assessment of CSF activity that may be useful in the purification of human CSF and in the generation of monoclonal antibodies to CFU-C surface structures. PMID- 6608383 TI - A new method for the detection of Lesch-Nyhan heterozygotes by peripheral blood T cell culture using T cell growth factor. AB - Thioguanine-resistant T lymphoblast populations were selectively amplified using T cell growth factor in the cultures of peripheral blood T cells from four Lesch Nyhan heterozygotes. Although Lesch-Nyhan T lymphoblasts were all thioguanine resistant, none of the cultures from 13 control subjects yielded the growth of such defective cell populations. These data provide direct evidence for the existence of a small percentage (5%-40%) of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) deficient T cells in the heterozygotes, but not in normal individuals. Conversely, culture of the T lymphoblasts with azaserine plus hypoxanthine permitted the growth of the other part of the cell population that was enzyme positive. The low percentages of HGPRT-negative cells among T cells in heterozygotes suggest that the presence of this enzyme is beneficial for differentiation of lymphocytes of T cell linkage. Considering the ease and the reliability, culture of the peripheral T cells with thioguanine and T cell growth factor is very likely of practical use for detecting Lesch-Nyhan syndrome carriers among predisposed females. PMID- 6608384 TI - T cell surface antigens in blast crisis of CML. PMID- 6608385 TI - Measures to assess drug abuse and the health, social and economic consequences of such abuse: summary of information from 21 countries. United Nations Secretariat. AB - This article summarizes the replies received from 21 Governments to a survey undertaken in June 1982 of measures to assess drug abuse and its consequences. A large number of programmes for the assessment of drug abuse were reported, and these were classified either as population surveys or as reporting systems of existing institutional data on drug abuse, depending on the methodology used. Each method was described as having certain advantages and limitations, which varied according to the aims of the assessment and the circumstances under which it was carried out. A well-established reporting system, which obtained data from law enforcement agencies, health services or other institutions that came into contact with drug abusers, was reported to be an effective means of assessing the consequences of drug abuse, but it provided information only on cases that were brought to the attention of the authorities. On the other hand, a survey covering, for example, the general population, students or conscripts, based on a probability sample, represented the population studied and detected cases of drug abuse that were not recorded by institutions. In many of the replies it was stated that drug abuse imposed a considerable burden on society in terms of health impairment and disabilities, as well as in terms of its social and economic consequences. Drug abuse diminished the ability and motivation of drug abusers to engage in the complex tasks required in modern society. Dropping out of school, performing poorly at work and losing employment were the most common consequences of drug abuse. It was also reported that drug abuse played an important role in the development of criminal, delinquent and anti-social behaviour. PMID- 6608387 TI - Pseudophakic endophthalmitis. PMID- 6608386 TI - Prevalence of opiate use among young men in Italy, 1980 and 1982. AB - An epidemiological study on opiate use among young men undergoing examination for army draft was carried out in 1980 and 1982. The following six cities and surrounding provinces were selected for the study: Bologna, Florence, Genoa, Milan, Rome and Turin. There were 15,266 respondents in 1980 and 15,874 in 1982. For each respondent, a urine sample was tested for the presence of opiates and a questionnaire on demographic and socio-economic variables was completed. The study revealed 247 opiate cases with a prevalence rate of 1,618 per 100,000 in 1980, and 339 opiate cases with a prevalence rate of 2,136 per 100,000 in 1982. The number of opiate cases and demographic and socio-economic characteristics of respondents varied greatly from province to province. The group of unemployed respondents had significantly higher prevalence rates than the other occupational groups. A methodology was used that made it possible to estimate the number of opiate abuse cases that did not come to the attention of the authorities. On the basis of the study it was estimated that there were 68,000 opiate users in 1980 and 92,000 in 1982 in the entire country. PMID- 6608389 TI - Actions of picrotoxinin and related compounds on the frog spinal cord: the role of a hydroxyl-group at the 6-position in antagonizing the actions of amino acids and presynaptic inhibition. AB - The frog spinal cord has been used to test the effects of naturally occurring picrotoxane compounds (picrotoxinin, picrotin, tutin and coriamyrtin) and semisynthetic ones (6-acetylpicrotoxinin and anhydropicrotin) on the electrical activities of dorsal and ventral roots and on amino acid-induced depolarizations of primary afferent terminals. Picrotoxinin, tutin and coriamyrtin (10(-5)-3 X 10(-5)M), which have a free hydroxyl group at the 6-position, caused a gradual depolarization in both ventral and dorsal roots. The depolarizations were accompanied by a reduction in the size of the dorsal root potential (DR-DRP), dorsal root reflex (DR-DRR) and ventral root potential (DR-VRP) and by an augmentation of the first spike potential and polysynaptic components in the ventral root reflex (DR-VRR). 6-Acetylpicrotoxinin (10(-5)-3 X 10(-5)M) caused a slight hyperpolarization in both roots, and this hyperpolarization was accompanied by the augmentation of DR-DRP, DR-VRP and DR-VRR. The DR-DRR was reduced or abolished by the compound. Picrotoxinin, tutin and coriamyrtin reduced gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-, beta-alanine- and taurine-induced depolarizations of primary afferent terminals. 6-Acetylpicrotoxinin showed almost the same degree of inhibition of beta-alanine and taurine as did picrotoxinin, but the GABA- antagonizing action of the compound was significantly weaker than was that of picrotoxinin. Picrotoxinin, tutin, coriamyrtin and 6 acetylpicrotoxinin all blocked presynaptic inhibition of the first spike potential caused by antidromic conditioning stimulation. 6 The present results suggest that the hydroxyl group at the 6-position of picrotoxane compounds are important for antagonism of the effects of GABA, but not of beta-alanine and taurine and for the blocking action of the presynaptic inhibition in the frog spinal cord. PMID- 6608390 TI - The ventricular system in chronic schizophrenic patients. A controlled computed tomography study. AB - Twenty-three chronic schizophrenic patients and 23 controls, all males between 20 and 40 years of age, were evaluated by CT scan. The lateral, third and fourth ventricles, the Sylvian fissures, and the largest sulcus from each of the frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes, were measured in order to determine whether the previously reported ventriculomegaly in schizophrenics was perhaps due to a disturbance of CSF flow or to atrophy, two common causes of ventricular enlargement. We found that in the schizophrenic group the third and fourth ventricles and both Sylvian fissures were significantly enlarged, but not the lateral ventricles or cerebral sulci. Our data suggest that these ventricular changes are not due to a disturbance of CSF flow or to cerebral atrophy. Other possible explanations are discussed. PMID- 6608388 TI - Electromechanical effects of bepridil on rabbit isolated hearts. AB - Electromechanical effects of a new antianginal agent, bepridil, on Langendorff perfused rabbit hearts were compared with those of verapamil and lidocaine. Bepridil at concentrations above 2 X 10(-7)M caused a dose-related decrease in heart rate (HR), a prolongation of the atrio-His bundle conduction time (A-H interval) and a prolongation of the functional refractory period (FRP) of the atrioventricular (A-V) node. Similar changes in HR, A-H interval and the FRP of the A-V node were observed with verapamil at concentrations above 2 X 10(-8)M. Lidocaine at above 4 X 10(-5)M prolonged slightly the A-H interval and the FRP of the A-V node but did not decrease the HR. Bepridil at concentrations above 10( 6)M prolonged both the His bundle-ventricular conduction time (H-V interval) and the effective refractory period (ERP) of ventricular muscles. Similar changes in the H-V interval and in the ERP of ventricular muscles were observed with lidocaine at above 10(-5)M. Verapamil ranging between 5 X 10(-8)M and 8 X 10(-7)M had no effect on the H-V interval and appreciably shortened the ERP of ventricular muscles. Bepridil at concentrations above 2 X 10(-6)M reduced the developed tension as did verapamil at above 10(-7)M. On a molar basis, the depressant effect of bepridil on HR and the A-V nodal conduction, which may reflect inhibitory action on the slow channels, was less than one tenth that of verapamil. Bepridil was more potent than lidocaine in prolonging the H-V interval and the ERP of ventricular muscles indicating a possible inhibition of the fast sodium channels. Both of these electrophysiological effects of bepridil may afford significant bases for the antiarrhythmic action of the drug. PMID- 6608391 TI - The clinical effectiveness of electrostimulation vs oral methadone in managing opiate withdrawal. AB - A group of 24 opiate addicts admitted to an in-patient drug dependence unit received either electrostimulation or graduated oral methadone withdrawal. Addicts treated with electrostimulation showed high levels of withdrawal symptoms during the first week of treatment: these reached a peak on Day 3. In this respect electrostimulation was markedly inferior to methadone withdrawal treatment. However, although progressive methadone withdrawal quickly reduced symptoms to a moderate or low level, there was no reduction in symptomatology as late as one month after admission (i.e. after ten days without methadone). The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6608392 TI - Typhoid: an unusual cause of gastro-intestinal bleeding. PMID- 6608393 TI - Non-traumatic intramural haematoma: an unusual cause of duodenal obstruction. PMID- 6608394 TI - T cell proliferative responses to Chlamydia trachomatis antigen in vitro in patients with a history of gynaecological chlamydia infection. PMID- 6608395 TI - Pathogenic Trichomonas vaginalis cytotoxicity to cell culture monolayers. AB - Exposure of monolayer cultures of human urogenital and vaginal (HeLa), human epithelial (HEp-2), normal baboon testicular (NBT), and monkey kidney (Vero) cells to live pathogenic Trichomonas vaginalis resulted in extensive disruption of monolayers. Trypan blue was taken up by all host cells released from cell monolayers, which indicated irreversible damage of these cell types by trichomonads. Time and dose related data on cytotoxicity kinetics were obtained using increasing ratios of parasites to cells. All cell types were most sensitive to trichomonads at a multiplicity of infection of one. Release of tritiated thymidine (3H-thymidine) of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of prelabelled host cells after incubation with T vaginalis corroborated that extensive cytotoxicity was caused by pathogenic trichomonads in man. Only living parasites were cytotoxic, and no trichomonal toxic products were implicated in disruption of the cell monolayer cultures. A pathogenic bovine trichomonad, Tritrichomonas foetus KV-1, produced half as much cell damage as did T vaginalis. Trichomonas tenax, a non-pathogenic member of the normal flora of the oral cavity in man, produced no measurable cytotoxicity to HeLa cells when compared with the pathogenic human trichomonads. PMID- 6608396 TI - Estradiol and progesterone influence a serotonin mediated behavioral syndrome (myoclonus) in female guinea pigs: comparison with steroid effects on reproductive behavior. AB - L-5-hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP)-induced myoclonus was used as a behavioral index of central serotonergic activity. Estradiol benzoate (EB) and progesterone (P) influenced the induction of myoclonus by L-5-HTP. When L-5-HTP was injected 46 h after EB, myoclonus was enhanced. P blocked this effect on EB when 100 or 125 mg/kg L-5-HTP (but not 80 mg/kg) was given 6 h after P in EB-primed animals. When L-5-HTP was given 3 or 11-15 h after P in EB-primed animals, there was no inhibitory effect of P on myoclonus. In fact, at the lowest dose (80 mg/kg), L-5 HTP increased myoclonus when given 3 h after P in EB-primed animals. The inhibitory effects of P in EB-primed females on myoclonus were temporally correlated with the display of lordosis, suggesting that the neural progestin receptor mechanisms that have been proposed to mediate P effects on lordosis are also involved in the inhibitory effects of P on myoclonus. PMID- 6608397 TI - The pain suppressive effect of vibratory stimulation and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) as compared to aspirin. AB - The pain reducing effect of vibratory stimulation and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) as compared to aspirin and placebo was studied in 60 patients suffering myofascial or musculoskeletal pain. Vibratory stimulation at 20 Hz, 100 Hz and 200 Hz and two modes of TENS were used for peripheral stimulation. In 48 patients these modes of stimulation produced pain reduction. Out of these patients 29 rated vibratory stimulation or TENS as more effective than aspirin while 9 patients rated aspirin as more effective. Ten patients rated the pain suppressive effect of vibratory stimulation and TENS as being equal to that of aspirin. Six of the patients who experienced pain reduction with peripheral stimulation reported an effect only for one particular type of peripheral stimulation. The present results provide evidence that vibratory stimulation and TENS are as efficient and in some patients more efficient pain suppressive measures as compared to aspirin. It is suggested on the basis of these findings that vibratory stimulation and TENS merit consideration in the choice of treatment of myofascial or musculoskeletal pain. PMID- 6608398 TI - Human primary visual cortex topography imaged via positron tomography. AB - The visuotopic structure of primary visual cortex was studied in a group of 7 human volunteers using positron emission transaxial tomography (PETT) and 18F labeled 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose ( [18F]DG). A computer animation was constructed with a spatial structure which was matched to estimates of human cortical magnification factor and to striate cortex stimulus preferences. A lateralized cortical 'checker-board' pattern of [18F]DG was stimulated in primary visual cortex by having subjects view this computer animation following i.v. injection of [18F]DG. The spatial structure of the stimulus was designed to produce an easily recognizable 'signature' in a series of 9 serial PETT scans obtained from each of a group of 7 volunteers. The predicted lateralized topographic 'signature' was observed in 6 of 7 subjects. Applications of this method for further PETT studies of human visual cortex are discussed. PMID- 6608399 TI - Surgery for postinfarction left ventricular aneurysm: prognosis and long-term follow-up. AB - To identify preoperative indicators of outcome following surgery for postinfarction left ventricular aneurysm, the authors have analysed the clinical course of 67 consecutive patients who underwent operation from 1970 to 1982. Follow-up extended to 12 years (mean 4.6 years) and was 97% complete. Postoperative mortality was 8.9%. Factors that were associated with a significantly (p less than 0.05) increased risk of early death included emergency surgery, the presence of ventricular arrhythmias preoperatively and a left ventricular end-diastolic pressure of more than 25 mm Hg on cardiac catheterization. Patients who underwent myocardial revascularization concomitantly had a lower mortality (7.1% v. 18.2% for aneurysmectomy alone), decreased postoperative morbidity and increased longevity. Marked functional improvement was noted in all groups. Actuarial survival (including operative mortality) was 66% at 6 years, and was significantly (p less than 0.05) better in patients operated upon for angina (83.6% +/- 8.1%) than in those operated upon for congestive heart failure (53% +/- 13%). The authors conclude that the most important predictor of outcome following postinfarction aneurysm surgery is the preoperative hemodynamic status of the left ventricle. Since functional recovery and prognosis after operation have been excellent, an aggressive surgical approach to symptomatic left ventricular aneurysms is warranted. PMID- 6608401 TI - Karyotypic analysis of murine cytolytic T-cell lines. AB - G-banding techniques have been used to analyze the karyotypes of four independently derived murine cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) lines established in culture 2-4 yr earlier. For two of them, several subclones were included in the analysis. The modal arm number of three of the lines was close to diploid, whereas in the fourth line, both near-diploid and near-tetraploid subclones were found. The most frequent type of rearrangement was the formation of metacentrics by centromeric fusion. A comparison of the abnormalities (markers) occurring in the different CTL lines showed the formation of similar chromosomal rearrangements in independent lines, thus suggesting nonrandom chromosomal changes in these cells. Several of the metacentrics are derived from the fusion of normal murine chromosomes that are apparently prone to form such "markers," as the occurrence of similar abnormalities has been reported in other established cell lines and tumors. On the other hand, some of the biarmed and telocentric marker chromosomes seem to characteristically occur in CTL but not in other types of cell lines. PMID- 6608400 TI - Incidence of Pneumocystis carinii antigenemia in ambulatory cancer patients. AB - Although the existence of subclinical Pneumocystis carinii infection in pediatric patients with solid tumors or hematologic malignancies has been documented, similar data are lacking in adults. In addition, data are needed to define the epidemiology of this agent in adult malignancies to assess the validity of the methodology employed in antigen detection, and to elucidate the value of these methods in the diagnosis, prophylaxis, and prognosis of P carinii infection in adults with cancer. The study was designed to determine the incidence of P carinii antigenemia in ambulatory patients with solid tumors or hematologic malignancies. The authors also sought to determine if antigenemia as detected by a counterimmunoelectrophoresis test correlated with any clinical parameter. Patients included in the study were ambulatory, asymptomatic, afebrile, adult cancer patients seen in the clinic for follow-up or treatment. Coded sera were electrophoresed against high-titered rabbit antiserum to P carinii organisms. Two hundred forty-seven patients were studied, including 172 hematologic malignancies (average age, 57 years), 109 men and 63 women; 75 solid tumors (average age, 55 years), 39 women and 36 men. One hundred three healthy adults served as controls. Only five patients had positive antigen (2%). All of these patients had hematologic malignancies and were women. None of the control sera were antigen positive. We conclude that the incidence of P carinii antigenemia in asymptomatic adults with neoplastic disease is extremely low. A positive P carinii antigen in the absence of clinical symptoms most likely represents subclinical infection. Positive antigen does not always indicate active disease, but probably reflects mobilization of antigen during generalized inflammatory response or possible pulmonary insult. In making the decision to treat consideration should be given to clinical presentation and history. PMID- 6608402 TI - Cell cycle analysis of stimulated lymphocytes of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - To clarify the cell cycle duration of stimulated cells in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), sister chromatid differentiation (SCD) methodology was utilized. So-called polyclonal B-cell activators (PBA), i.e., staphylococcus bacteria strain Cowan I (Cowan I), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and lipopolysaccharide W from E. coli 055:B5 (LPS), were examined. Most metaphases on day 2 (48 hr) of culture were in first division (M1), and about half of the metaphases on day 3 (72 hr) of culture were in the second division (M2), and many of the metaphases on day 4 (96 hr) of culture were in the third division. These facts suggest that the optimal culture time for cytogenetic study of B-CLL should be 3 days or less to avoid in vitro artifacts. PMID- 6608403 TI - Indirect stimulation of B-cell proliferation in vitro by T cells, as evidenced by cytogenetic analysis of PHA-stimulated cell cultures of B-cell lymphomas. AB - In a retrospective study of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, the 14q+ marker was found in at least one of the samples examined from 17 patients with B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases (LPD). In the PHA-stimulated cultures, the marker was found in each sample in 10%-100% of the cells. An indirect stimulation, as indicated by a 3H-thymidine incorporation and IG secretion, of normal B cells by a T-cell mitogen, such as PHA, has been recently documented. This phenomenon is confirmed by our chromosome analysis, which demonstrated characteristic chromosome changes in PHA-stimulated cultures of patients with B-cell malignancies and indicated that the phenomenon can be observed not only in normal B cells but also in malignant B cells. PMID- 6608405 TI - In vivo administration of purified Jurkat-derived interleukin 2 in mice. AB - Pure human interleukin 2 (IL-2), produced by the T-cell lymphoma Jurkat, was injected in mice to study the serum half-life, toxicity, and in vivo immunological effects of IL-2. The serum half-life (t1/2) of Jurkat IL-2 in mice appeared to have two components: (a) a rapid initial phase with t1/2 of approximately 2 min during which most of the exogenous IL-2 was cleared from the serum; and (b) a second, slower component with t1/2 of about 9 min. Mice given injections i.p. or i.v. with pure Jurkat IL-2, at doses comparable on a microgram/kg basis to contemplated doses for humans, showed no signs of toxicity on the basis of serial measurements of weight, serum liver and kidney chemistries, or histology of lymphoid and vital organs. Jurkat IL-2 had no effect on the rate of growth or survival of mice with an established s.c. methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma, but Jurkat IL-2 used in conjunction with in vitro-resensitized and IL-2-expanded specific immune splenocytes prolonged survival of mice with disseminated FBL-3 tumor. This survival prolongation was highly significant when compared to treatment with Jurkat IL-2 alone (p = less than 0.001) or an equivalent number of in vitro-resensitized and expanded cells alone (p = 0.004). Treatment of mice with i.p. Jurkat IL-2 subsequent to secondary immunization with allogeneic tumor enhanced by more than 5-fold the splenocyte cytotoxicity for alloantigen measured 7 days later. Thus, purified human IL-2 derived from the Jurkat cell line has a short half-life in mice with no apparent toxicity at large doses. In vivo efficacy of human IL-2 was demonstrated in increasing alloantigen responsiveness and in increasing the efficacy of transferred expanded immune lymphocytes in the FBL-3 lymphoma model. PMID- 6608404 TI - Defective interleukin-1 production by monocytes from patients with malignant disease. Interferon increases IL-1 production. AB - Interleukin-1 (IL-1) production by monocytes of patients with various forms of malignant disease was measured after activating the cells with either lipopolysaccharide or malignant K562 cells. Monocytes from all the patients with large tumour masses, including 10 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, produced considerably less IL-1 than controls or patients with small tumour burdens. After treating control or patient monocytes with human leucocyte interferon for 1 h prior to activation, IL-1 production was markedly improved. Depressed IL-1 production is, therefore, a further aberration in mononuclear function observed in patients with cancer. PMID- 6608406 TI - Inhibition of radiation-initiated and -promoted transformation of Syrian hamster embryo cells by lymphotoxin. AB - Sensitivity of Syrian hamster cells to the anticarcinogenic action of hamster lymphotoxin obtained from mitogen-stimulated peritoneal lymphocytes depends on the stage of transformation, initiation, and promotion. Dose-response results with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) plus X-irradiation parallel those obtained on mouse skin. Twice as much lymphotoxin was required to obtain a 50% reduction in TPA-promoted transformation as in nonpromoted transformation, demonstrating a difference in initiated and promoted cell sensitivity to lymphotoxin. In a study of promoted transformation, 48-hr lymphotoxin treatment before or immediately after X-irradiation, or during TPA exposure, caused a persistent inhibition independent of when lymphotoxin was added. The degree of sensitivity of different steps in carcinogenesis as the cells underwent the physiological changes associated with transformation was examined more precisely with 6-hr lymphotoxin treatments. Lymphotoxin treatment before irradiation and TPA caused a transient cellular change. When the cells were initiated within 2 days after lymphotoxin exposure, the induction of promoted transformation was inhibited. Results were similar with nonpromoted transformation. Lymphotoxin became a more effective anticarcinogen as the interval between the lymphotoxin pulse and carcinogen insult or TPA addition was reduced. When added during the last 6 hr of the experiment, lymphotoxin was equally inhibitory, whether or not TPA was present. Thus, lymphotoxin induces an anticarcinogenic physiological state that is short-lived or transient; the temporal relationship between lymphotoxin and carcinogen exposure is important for preventing initiated or promoted transformation. PMID- 6608407 TI - Use of adoptive transfer and Winn assay procedures in the further analysis of antiviral acquired immunity in mice protected against Friend leukemia virus induced disease by passive serum therapy. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that spleen cells from DBA/2 mice protected against challenge with a leukemogenic dose of Friend leukemia virus (FLV) by passive administration of xenogeneic antiviral or anti-FLV Mr 71,000 viral envelope glycoprotein antisera can adoptively transfer antiviral resistance to unimmunized irradiated syngeneic recipients. In addition, elimination of T-cells by treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 antibodies plus complement had no effect on the ability of spleen cells from serum-protected mice to adoptively transfer antiviral resistance. We now show that similar depletion of B-cells with rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulin G plus complement or macrophages by adherence to Sephadex G-10 columns also leaves intact the protective capacity of spleen cells from serum-protected mice. That these results reflect the ability of more than one spleen cell population to transfer antiviral resistance rather than the activity of a non-T, non-B, nonmacrophage cell compartment is supported by the finding that purified splenic T- or B-cells alone from serum-protected DBA/2 mice can adoptively transfer antiviral resistance. Given the previously reported effects of sublethal irradiation on FLV leukemogenesis which could potentially complicate the interpretation of adoptive transfer experiments carried out in this system, analogous studies were performed using a Winn-type assay in which putative effector cells were preincubated with virus before inoculation of the mixture in unirradiated mice. These Winn assay experiments yielded identical results in that serum-protected spleen cells again prevented viral leukemogenesis, and the separate elimination of T-cells, B-cells, or macrophages had no effect on their protective activity. In addition, mixed transfer of serum protected and normal spleen cells also protected irradiated mice against FLV challenge, providing further evidence that this adoptive protection truly reflects the presence of virus-specific effector cells in the spleens of serum protected mice and not an inability of these spleen cells to replace radiation sensitive viral target cells in recipient animals, since these should be supplied by the normal spleen cells in the transferred mixture. PMID- 6608408 TI - Reduced trisialoganglioside synthesis in chemically but not mos-transformed mouse epidermal cells. AB - A specific decrease in the net de novo synthesis ([1-14C]-glucosamine incorporation) of cell surface trisialoganglioside (GT) occurs in preneoplastic mouse JB6 epidermal cells in response to tumor-promoting phorbol esters, mezerein, or epidermal growth factor, all of which promote neoplastic transformation in JB6 cells, but not in response to the bladder promoter sodium cyclamate, a nonpromoter in JB6 cells. The ganglioside showing elevated synthesis after mezerein or epidermal growth factor exposure is monosialoganglioside 1, whereas disialoganglioside 1b synthesis is elevated after phorbol ester exposure. Primary mouse epidermal cells and putatively initiated epidermal cell lines selected for their resistance to induction of terminal differentiation by high calcium are resistant to promotion of anchorage-independent transformation by 2 week exposure to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. In both cell types, little or no decrease in GT synthesis occurs in response to short-term 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate exposure, thus extending further our previous observation that this GT response is restricted to promotable cells. A decreased synthesis of GT also occurs consistently in cell lines transformed by 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate or N-methyl-N-nitro-nitrosoguanidine as compared with their nontransformed counterparts but not in cell lines transformed by a cloned integrated murine sarcoma provirus containing the oncogenic sequence v mos. Thus, reduced cell surface GT synthesis may be important both in the induction and in the maintenance of the chemically transformed but not viral oncogene mos-transformed phenotype in mouse epidermal cells. PMID- 6608409 TI - Immunoglobulin class switching. PMID- 6608410 TI - Binding of antigen in the absence of histocompatibility proteins by arsonate reactive T-cell clones. AB - Inducer T-cell clones reactive to the p-azobenzenearsonate (arsonate) hapten possess binding sites for radioactive arsanylated proteins, which are not present on clones with other antigen specificities. Binding occurred in the absence of histocompatibility proteins. Binding was specific for the p-azobenzenearsonate hapten, since unconjugated proteins and proteins conjugated to the nonactivating o-azobenzenearsonate hapten neither bound to the clones nor competed binding of radioactive antigen. One of the clones was studied in more detail, using a panel of structural analogs of arsonate conjugated to the carrier protein ovalbumin. All conjugates that activated the clone in the presence of antigen-presenting cells also competed binding of radioactive antigen in the absence of antigen presenting cells. Nonactivating conjugates did not compete binding. Based on evidence in this and the succeeding paper (Rao et al., accompanying paper), we suggest that these arsonate-binding sites may include the physiological antigen receptors of arsonate-reactive T-cell clones. PMID- 6608411 TI - A role for Ia antigens in thymocyte binding by macrophages. AB - To investigate the membrane structures involved in cellular interactions between thymocytes and macrophages, the relative ability of different murine macrophage populations to spontaneously bind thymocytes was compared. Macrophages derived from the spleen or thymus bound three to four times the number of thymocytes than macrophages from peripheral blood, peritoneum, or bone marrow. This reflects differences both in the number of macrophages binding thymocytes and in the number of thymocytes bound per macrophage. The extent of binding seems to positively correlate with the number of Ia-positive macrophages contained in these populations, as based on previously published values. This was confirmed by showing that elimination of splenic Ia-positive macrophages with anti-Ia and complement treatment dramatically reduced thymocyte binding. In addition, mouse peritoneal washout macrophages incubated for several days with supernatant fluid from concanavalin A-stimulated spleen cells, which induce Ia-antigen expression, exhibited a marked increase in the number of macrophages that bound thymocytes and the number of thymocytes bound per macrophage. To determine if Ia antigens were directly involved in binding, spleen, thymus, or Ia-induced peritoneal macrophages were treated with a monoclonal anti-Ia antibody prior to the addition of thymocytes. Treatment with anti-Ia reduced binding by around 50%, whereas treatment with anti-H-2D antibody had no effect. Monoclonal anti-I-A and anti-I-E antibody treatments of macrophages both inhibited thymocyte binding to similar extents, and treatment of macrophages with both reagents together reduced thymocyte binding by 80%. These results indicate that thymocyte binding is in part dependent on macrophage Ia expression. PMID- 6608412 TI - An analysis of host T-cell subsets based on Lyt antigenic markers during the development of spontaneous C3H mammary carcinomas. AB - Changes in the host T-lymphocyte subsets during the development of spontaneous mammary carcinomas in C3H/HeJ mice were analyzed on the basis of Lyt antigenic markers in retired breeder females prior to and following tumor appearance. Lymphocytes derived from various host lymphoid organs as well as from the tumor site were labeled either directly with 125I-conjugated monoclonal anti-Lyt antibodies or by a sandwich labeling technique with monoclonal anti-Lyt antibodies and 125I-conjugated anti-mouse Ig. The relative incidence of the various Lyt subsets was determined by radioautography. It was found that the overall incidence of T cells within the tumors increased during tumor progression. The incidence of the Lyt-1-, 2+ subset was very high (congruent to 20%) initially within the small, young tumors, and then this incidence declined progressively as the tumor increased in size to 0-5% in older and larger tumors, with a concomitant increase of the Lyt-1+, 2- subset. High levels of Lyt-1-, 2+ lymphocytes were also detected within the thymus (up to 41%) as well as the regional draining nodes (up to 7%) of animals bearing small newly detected tumors and could also occasionally be found in old clinically "tumor-free" control animals. These results support the earlier proposal based on functional studies with primary chemically induced tumors and in hosts bearing transplanted tumors that Lyt-1-, 2+ lymphocytes may play an immunoregulatory role in the early stages of tumor development possibly as facilitators of tumor growth. PMID- 6608413 TI - Nomenclature for B-cell stimulatory factors. PMID- 6608414 TI - [Experimental stimulation of the vestibular apparatus with warm air]. PMID- 6608415 TI - Studies on the synthesis and analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of 2 thiazolylamino- and 2-thiazolyloxy- arylacetic acid derivatives. PMID- 6608416 TI - Synthesis of 5-amino-4(3H)-pyrimidinones. II. Synthesis of 5-acyl- and 5 alkylamino-3-phenyl-6-methyl-4(3H)-pyrimidinones and determination of their analgesic and antiinflammatory activities. PMID- 6608417 TI - [Experience in the nursing care of a acute hemorrhagic necrotizing enteritis]. PMID- 6608418 TI - [The prevalence of color blindness in Senegal in a population of 4500 workers]. AB - The prevalence of colour-blindness differ according to the ethnic groups. The authors are hereby presenting the rates of prevalence observed among 4,500 workers of an agro-industrial project in Senegal. This population is composed of three main ethnic groups, namely Ouolof, Peulh and Toucouleur. The rates are compared to those observed in other African ethnic groups, as well as non African. The differences between ethnic groups are confronted to the anthropological hypothesis given by Post. PMID- 6608419 TI - A randomized comparison of crystalloid and blood-containing cardioplegic solutions in 60 patients. AB - To determine whether adding blood to a cardioplegic solution affects myocardial preservation, a randomized prospective study was carried out in 60 patients undergoing coronary revascularization to compare the effects of crystalloid potassium cardioplegics (group C) and potassium cardioplegic solutions to which blood has been added (group B) on markers of myocardial metabolism (lactate, inorganic phosphate, base deficit release, glucose and lactate uptake, oxygen extraction), myocardial damage (creatine kinase [CK]-MB levels), and cardiac performance (cardiac index and left atrial pressure). The solution with added blood had a significantly (p less than .05) greater oxygen content, a lower pH, and higher concentrations of potassium, calcium, sodium, and glucose. In group B patients there was a suggestion (p less than .06) of greater uptake of oxygen during the beginning of the initial cardioplegic infusion. During reperfusion there was no evidence of differential release of the metabolites of anaerobiosis and myocardial oxygen extraction and glucose and lactate uptake were similarly depressed in both groups. Likewise, CK-MB release after bypass was the same in both groups. Prompt, adequate functional recovery of cardiac index and left atrial pressure was observed in both groups. It was concluded that although there may be more oxygen available from the blood-containing solution during early infusion, there is no evidence that under the conditions of this investigation adding blood to cardioplegic solution improves myocardial preservation. PMID- 6608420 TI - Improvement of regional myocardial metabolism after coronary thrombolysis induced with tissue-type plasminogen activator or streptokinase. AB - To assess the effects on the heart itself of coronary thrombolysis induced with either tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) or streptokinase (SK), we performed positron emission tomography with 11C-palmitate in 19 patients with initial transmural myocardial infarction immediately after admission and again within 48 to 72 hr after intracoronary administration of t-PA (n = 2) or SK (n = 17). Clots were persistent in eight patients treated with SK despite an average dose of 336,000 IU, sufficient to markedly deplete fibrinogen. In the absence of lysis, favorable tomographic changes did not occur. In contrast, in each of the 11 patients in whom lysis was induced (two with t-PA and nine with SK) myocardial accumulation of 11C-palmitate improved by an average of 29% in late compared with early studies (p less than .001). Results were comparable in patients with anterior and those with inferior infarction. Thus clot lysis induced with either t-PA or SK led to improved regional myocardial metabolism. PMID- 6608421 TI - Evaluation of the X-chrom lens and color deficiency. PMID- 6608423 TI - Cross-reactivity of anti-DNA antibodies with proteoglycans. AB - Ten sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were tested in an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for their ability to react with glycosaminoglycans, constituents of proteoglycans, in relation to their anti-DNA reactivity. The SLE sera reacted with hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphate and this reactivity correlated with the anti-DNA activity of these sera. By contrast, sera obtained from patients with other autoimmune diseases or normal sera lacked any of these reactivities. Anti-DNA antibodies purified by affinity chromatography with either oligo dT cellulose or Cibracon blue F3Ga Sepharose reacted with DNA as well as with hyaluronic acid. The cross-reactivity of anti DNA antibodies could be confirmed by the reaction of a mouse monoclonal anti-DNA antibody with DNA, hyaluronic acid, and chondroitin sulphate. This pattern of cross-reactivities of anti-DNA antibodies suggests that several compounds can function as antigenic targets for these antibodies provided that their structures contain repeating negatively charged groups. PMID- 6608422 TI - Correlation of C3d fixing circulating immune complexes with disease activity and clinical parameters in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Using anti-C3d as a solid phase reagent, C3d fixing circulating immune complexes (CIC) were detected in sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, membranous nephropathy and IgA nephropathy. Particularly, sera from SLE showed the highest CIC levels and highest incidence of positivity among these diseases. In the 51 serum samples from 48 patients with SLE we studied, the CIC detected by the anti-C3d assay correlated well (P less than 0.01) with the CIC detected by the solid phase C1q assay, but not with those detected by the conglutinin assay. In addition, the CIC detected by the anti-C3d assay correlated more significantly (P less than 0.001) with disease activity, as well as some clinical parameters (serum anti-dsDNA antibodies, CH50 and C3 levels) than CIC detected by the other two assays of SLE sera. The anti-C3d binding materials were found to be of intermediate (8-19S) and small (7S) sizes in a small number of SLE sera which we analysed. PMID- 6608424 TI - Anti-perinuclear and rheumatoid factor in different forms of autoimmune thyroid disease. AB - Anti-perinuclear factors (APF), IgM-, IgG- and IgA-rheumatoid factors have been detected in six, five, one and three out of 20 patients with primary myxoedema, respectively. We were unable to find APF in 22 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis nor in 20 patients with Graves' thyrotoxicosis. APF appears to be a marker for non-organ specific autoimmune diseases. PMID- 6608425 TI - Long term administration of cyclophosphamide into MRL/1 mice. II. The effects on the isotype of anti-DNA antibodies and immunoglobulin secreting cells in the spleen. AB - Weekly injections of cyclophosphamide (Cy) at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight prevented IgM to IgG class switch of serum anti-DNA antibodies and also immunoglobulin secreting cells in the spleen of MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/1) mice. Culture experiments revealed that splenic B cells of Cy treated mice gave rise to more IgM and less IgG secreting cells than those of untreated mice in response to lipopolysaccharide. These results suggested that Cy suppressed enhanced differentiation of B cells into IgG secreting cells in MRL/1 mice, which would result in reduction of IgG anti-single stranded DNA antibodies and improvement of murine lupus like syndrome. PMID- 6608426 TI - Circadian changes of T lymphocyte subsets in human peripheral blood. AB - The circadian variations in circulating T cell subsets defined by monoclonal antibodies in eight healthy male volunteers were evaluated in whole blood using a flow cytometry. In all subjects, the number of lymphocytes showed a clear rhythmicity with high values at night and low values during the day. This circadian variation in circulating lymphocytes appeared to reflect largely a change in the number of T cells rather than B cells. The percentage of OKT3+ and OKT11+ cells showed a similar fluctuation with a peak at night and a depression during the day. It was found that the percentage of OKT4+ cells varied in parallel with that of T cells, particularly of OKT3+ cells, but the OKT8+ subset was not appreciably altered over a 24 h period. Thus, a circadian variation of T cells could be largely accounted for by a circadian change of OKT4+ cells. Plasma cortisol levels showed an expected circadian variation. It was also shown that there might be an intimate relationship between these circadian changes of T cell subsets and plasma cortisol levels. PMID- 6608427 TI - Enhanced interleukin activity following asbestos inhalation. AB - Asbestos inhalation can cause pulmonary fibrosis and is associated with a variety of immunological abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of asbestos inhalation on interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production in a rodent model. Two groups of rats were exposed, by intermittent inhalation, to either amphibole (crocidolite) or serpentine (chrysotile) asbestos. A third (control) group of rats was sham exposed to clean air. Animals from the three exposure groups were thereafter immunized (or not immunized) with fetal calf serum antigens. In order to assay interleukin activity, supernatants were generated from cultures containing alveolar macrophages and autologous splenic lymphocytes, and from cultures containing alveolar macrophages alone. Using assay systems designed to detect IL-1 and IL-2 functional activity, the supernatants were evaluated for their capacity to stimulate lymphoproliferation and fibroblast DNA synthesis. Macrophage-lymphocyte co-culture supernatants, when obtained from immunized, asbestos exposed rats, contained greater IL-1 and IL-2 activity than identical supernatants from immunized, sham exposed animals. These between group differences were not, however, observed in supernatants from unimmunized rats, or when supernatants were generated in the absence of immune lymphocytes. These observations suggest that asbestos exposure is associated with enhanced activation of lymphocytes by antigens. The possible relevance of these findings to asbestos related fibrogenesis and immunological stimulation is discussed. PMID- 6608428 TI - Intraglomerular thrombosis with deoxycoformycin--reversible acute renal failure. PMID- 6608429 TI - Massive prostatic infarction following aortocoronary bypass surgery: a report of two cases. AB - We present two patients who had massive prostatic infarctions following coronary bypass surgery. Whereas small areas of prostatic infarction are commonly seen in urologic practice, massive infarction is rarely seen. Massive prostatic infarction has been observed under conditions similar to those occurring with bypass surgery, so no claim is made that the condition occurs uniquely in patients who have recently undergone bypass surgery. Since coronary bypass surgery is commonly performed and since the procedure is often done on men with prostatic hyperplasia, we can reasonably expect to see this condition more commonly that we have in the past. It is our hope that others will be alerted to this condition and look for it in patients with prostatism who undergo coronary bypass surgery, other types of cardiac surgery, and any condition where prostatism and hypotension are present and pressor agents are used in treatment. PMID- 6608430 TI - Competitive blood flow in the coronary circulation simulating progression of proximal coronary artery disease after saphenous vein bypass surgery. AB - We report a case of competitive blood flow in the left coronary circulation after saphenous vein bypass grafting that resulted in the apparent progression of a proximal stenosis to total occlusion at coronary angiography. Repeat angiography with careful attention to catheter position and adequate injection of contrast agent demonstrated the actual anatomy and showed that there was no postoperative change in the native coronary circulation. The true incidence of progression of proximal coronary disease after saphenous vein bypass surgery is unknown, and reported figures may be falsely elevated because of unrecognized competitive flow patterns simulating obstruction. PMID- 6608431 TI - Management of postpartum hemorrhage. PMID- 6608432 TI - Multiple exostoses-mental retardation syndrome. A case report and review of the literature. AB - A girl seven years ten months of age with multiple exostoses-mental retardation (MEMR) syndrome was treated by bilateral supracondylar osteotomies at the age of six years 11 months for correction of severe genu valgum. The case is the 14th to be described in the English-language literature and seems to be the first on record in which the deformity was corrected by surgery. Typical findings in this syndrome include unusual facial features with bulbous nose, sparse scalp hair, large ears, microcephaly, mental retardation, cone-shaped epiphyses of the digital phalanges, and multiple exostoses. Each of these features may also appear in other constitutional and genetic disorders, and only their combination points to a definite diagnosis of MEMR syndrome. Other features, e.g., joint laxity and loose skin, are transient and may cause some confusion in diagnosis, sometimes leading to a mistaken diagnosis of cerebral palsy or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Thus, care must be taken in consecutive examinations to seek and identify each of the above mentioned typical features of the disorder. PMID- 6608433 TI - Acute effects of oral labetalol on myocardial conduction after coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - Cardiac electrophysiologic effects of a single oral dose of labetalol were determined in seven patients 4 to 9 days after a coronary artery bypass graft. Surface ECG and bipolar electrograms recorded from temporary pacing wires affixed to the normal right ventricle and abnormal left ventricle at the time of surgery were used to determine conduction intervals. Electrophysiologic parameters were recorded during fixed-rate atrial pacing. Sinus heart rate and blood pressure were monitored. Three patients received 100 mg and four patients received 200 mg labetalol. The drug had no significant effect on intraventricular conduction intervals or QRS duration. It did not significantly influence sinus heart rate or AV conduction time, but in two patients there was prolongation in AV conduction that may have been drug-induced. Labetalol induced a modest but significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In another study propranolol, unlike labetalol, had prolonged AV and intraventricular conduction in the abnormal left ventricle, but not in the normal right ventricle. The absence of these effects with labetalol may reflect lesser local anesthetic effect on intraventricular conduction and an alpha-adrenergic blocking effect that interferes with beta-blockade-induced prolongation of AV conduction. PMID- 6608434 TI - Facial nerve grafting in acoustic neurinoma. AB - The introduction of the operating microscope has strongly influenced our surgical possibilities for preserving and reconstructing the facial nerve in tumor surgery in the cerebellopontine angle as well as in the internal auditory canal. In 1975, we introduced a new method for facial nerve reconstruction in the cerebellopontine angle. Since then, we have operated upon 20 patients using this technique of intracranial-intratemporal nerve graft; 15 of these have been done directly after the removal of the acoustic neurinoma. Of these patients, 12 have been followed over a period of 9 to 87 months. A sural nerve graft 4 to 5 cm in length was placed between the central stump of facial nerve at the brain stem and the distal end of facial nerve in tympanal or mastoidal course after total removal of the acoustic neurinoma. The results, demonstrated in this paper, are highly encouraging. It is recommended that this operative technique be included in the entire concept of microsurgery in the cerebellopontine angle. PMID- 6608435 TI - The painful stump neuroma and its treatment. AB - Successful clinical management of symptomatic neuromas continues to present a challenge to the responsible surgeon. It is unexplained why some patients with neuromas are completely asymptomatic while others exhibit debilitating symptoms. Prevention of neuromas is paramount with precise attention to severed nerves following amputations and other surgical procedures. Once established, treatment of neuromas consists of careful patient counseling, local massage, and desensitization procedures. Sympathetic blockade with guanethidine may be beneficial in some patients. When necessary, surgical excision of the neuroma along with a combination of funiculectomy, epineurial sleeve suture ligation, and silicone capping offers the best chance for eradication. In intractable or recurrent cases and following careful patient selection, neuroma excision followed by nerve grafting combined with sympathetic blockade using guanethidine can be successful in a significant number of cases. PMID- 6608437 TI - Trends in sugar intake: do these parallel changes in caries prevalence among S. African preschoolchildren? AB - Mean sugar intake in South Africa has fallen in Black rural groups and remained more or less constant for their urban counterparts; for Indian groups it has risen, but fallen in White groups. The amounts of sugar in mean snack/sweet intakes have not shown the same degree of fall and have remained relatively constant in all but Indian groups where there has been a definite fall in consumption. Caries prevalences (percentages of children with caries) have risen in all but White groups. It can be concluded that quantitative changes in sugar consumption and caries prevalences do not parallel each other. PMID- 6608436 TI - Haemophilus influenzae in genitourinary tract infections. AB - Haemophilus influenzae was isolated in pure or predominant culture from genital specimens from nine females and two males. Four of the females had vaginitis, two had IUD-related endometritis, one had an incomplete septic abortion, and one had probable urethral syndrome. Two males had urethritis. PMID- 6608438 TI - The prevalence of somatization in primary care. PMID- 6608439 TI - Immune complexes in ulcerative colitis. PMID- 6608441 TI - [A case of histiocytosis X in a young Senegalese adult]. PMID- 6608440 TI - Delayed vascular reactivity to ischemia in diabetic microangiopathy. AB - To investigate vascular responses in insulin-dependent diabetic patients both with and without retinopathy, we have assessed vasodilation by forearm transcutaneous pO2 measurement after 10 min of ischemia produced by a sphygmomanometer cuff. Diabetic patients with proliferative retinopathy had a delayed vasodilatory response at 60 s (mean +/- SD pO2 = 9 +/- 3 mm Hg) compared with those having diabetes without retinopathy (15 +/- 4 mm Hg, P less than 0.01) and matched normal subjects (14 +/- 4 mm Hg, P less than 0.01). Recently diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetic patients had a very similar response (15 +/- 5 mm Hg) to matched normal subjects (15 +/- 3 mm Hg). The diminished vascular reactivity may be a consequence of microangiopathy and neuropathy, although patients with an impaired vascular response might be particularly at risk from the development of capillary closure. PMID- 6608442 TI - [Ectoderm properties of the gastrula of the common frog as a test tissue for neural inducers]. PMID- 6608443 TI - [Brain xenograft in frogs and a change in the animals' behavior]. PMID- 6608444 TI - Acute leukaemias in Zambian children. PMID- 6608445 TI - Functional zonation of the guinea pig adrenal cortex: differences in mitochondrial steroid metabolism between the inner and outer zones. AB - Previous studies established that cells isolated from the chromatically distinct inner (primarily zona reticularis) and outer (zona fasciculata + zona glomerulosa) zones of the guinea pig adrenal cortex had vastly different steroidogenic capabilities; the outer zone produced far more cortisol than the inner zone. The mechanism(s) responsible for those differences were investigated by comparing mitochondrial steroid metabolism in the inner and outer zones. Cytochrome P-450 concentrations were similar in the two zones, but 11 beta hydroxylase activity was approximately twice as great in the outer zone. More importantly, cholesterol sidechain cleavage, the rate-limiting step in steroidogenesis, was nearly 10 times greater in outer than inner zone mitochondria. Free cholesterol concentrations were also far higher in outer zone mitochondria. The results suggest that the relatively low level of steroid secretion by cells of the zona reticularis is attributable, at least in part, to deficiencies in mitochondrial cholesterol content and/or metabolism. PMID- 6608446 TI - Antinuclear antibodies in childhood diabetics. AB - Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were detected both in type 1 diabetic children and in control subjects. The incidence of ANA in eighty of these diabetics was 16.3%, as determined using two different substrates, human pancreas and human peripheral leucocytes. The incidence and the patterns in the detection of ANA were the same. Four hundred and seventy-three children and one thousand one hundred and twenty five adults served as the controls. The incidence of ANA in non-diabetic children was 0.8% and that in one adult population was 1.1%. Therefore, the incidence of ANA in childhood diabetics was significantly higher. We studied autoantibodies in childhood diabetics, in normal children and in one adult population. Pancreatic islet cell antibodies (ICA) were detected in 29 out of 80 type 1 diabetics (36.3%) in two out of 473 normal children (0.4%) and in six cases in one population (0.5%). thyroid microsomal antibodies (MCHA) were detected in 9 out of 80 childhood diabetics and the incidence of MCHA in type 1 diabetics was significantly higher than in the controls. PMID- 6608447 TI - Blockade of the galactose-binding sites of ricin by its linkage to antibody. Specific cytotoxic effects of the conjugates. AB - A method is described for preparing specific cytotoxic agents by linking intact ricin to antibodies in a manner that produces obstruction of the galactose binding sites on the B chain of the toxin and so diminishes the capacity of the conjugate to bind non-specifically to cells. The conjugates were synthesised by reacting iodoacetylated ricin with thiolated immunoglobulin and the components of conjugate with reduced galactose-binding capacity were separated by affinity chromatography on Sepharose (a beta-galactosyl matrix) and asialofetuin Sepharose. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analyses revealed that the fraction of a monoclonal anti-Thy1.1-ricin conjugate that passed through a Sepharose column had markedly diminished capacity to bind non-specifically to Thy1.2-expressing CBA thymocytes and EL4 lymphoma cells. The fraction of conjugate that passed through an asialofetuin-Sepharose column displayed no detectable non-specific binding. Both fractions of conjugate were potent cytotoxic agents for Thy1.1-expressing AKR-A lymphoma cells in tissue culture. They reduced the [3H]leucine incorporation of the cells by 50% at a concentration of 2-5 pM. Comparable inhibition of EL4 cells was only achieved with 3000-7500 fold greater concentrations of conjugate. By contrast, the fraction of anti Thy1.1-ricin that retained Sepharose-binding capacity showed marked non-specific binding and toxicity to EL4 cells. A conjugate with diminished galactose-binding capacity was also prepared from the W3/25 monoclonal antibody which recognises an antigen upon helper T-lymphocytes in the rat. It elicited powerful and specific toxic effects upon W3/25 antigen-expressing rat T-leukaemia cells. This finding is of particular importance because isolated ricin A-chain disulphide-linked to W3/25 antibody is not cytotoxic. The property of the B-chain in intact ricin conjugates that facilitates delivery of the A-chain to the cytosol thus appears to be independent of galactose recognition. It is concluded that the 'blocked' ricin conjugates combine the advantages of high potency, which is often lacking in antibody-A-chain conjugates, with high specificity, which previously was lacking in intact ricin conjugates. PMID- 6608448 TI - Survival in 1041 patients with consecutive aorto-coronary bypass operations. AB - The first 1041 patients who underwent an isolated aorto-coronary bypass operation in the same institution since it opened in 1971, were followed for up to 10 years to determine their prognosis. The mean follow-up time was 3.5 years. The probability of survival at five years was 94 +/- 2% (95% confidence limits). This was similar to the survival of the general Dutch population matched for age and sex. Multivariate survival analysis with the proportional hazards model did reveal a relationship of the rate of death with sex and age at operation; however this was not significant. There was a trend to a higher death rate with more vascular involvement (rate ratio of 3 vessel-versus 1 vessel disease of 1.9, N.S.) and a significant association with a low ejection fraction (EF) (ratio EF less than or equal to 0.30 v. EF greater than or equal to 0.55 of 2.7. P less than 0.05). Though surgery seems to eradicate the poor longterm outlook for patients with more serious vascular disease, the adverse influence of decreased left ventricular function on survival is not changed. PMID- 6608449 TI - Activation and proliferation signals in mouse B cells. II. Evidence for activation (G0 to G1) signals differing in sensitivity to cyclosporine. AB - We have previously shown that cyclosporine (CS) selectively inhibits polyclonal activation of B cells by anti-Ig antibodies but not by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Here we extend these results using a two-stage B cell culture system in which cells from either CBA/N or normal mice are activated to enter G1 by anti-Ig, and are then stimulated to proliferate by LPS. In this system CS blocks an event that occurs within 4 h after initial activation, i.e. prevents entry of B cells into G1. Phorbol myristic acetate also induces some CBA/N B cells to enter G1. However, activation of B cells by this agent is resistant to inhibition by CS. These data suggest that there are two biochemically distinct mechanisms for driving resting B cells into G1. A hypothesis to explain these results is presented. PMID- 6608450 TI - Mechanism of activation of the classical pathway of complement by monoclonal IgE (DES). Restricted regulation of C4b by C4b-binding protein. AB - A human monoclonal IgE from patient DES, IgE (DES), has been shown to activate the classical pathway of complement. The mechanism of this activation has been investigated and can be summarized as follows: (a) IgE (DES) is able to bind and activate C1 in a dose-dependent fashion. This activation increases with the size of the aggregates used, but the affinity of C1 for IgE (DES) is weaker than for IgG. (b) A classical pathway C3 convertase can be assembled on IgE (DES) using purified C1, C4 and C2. The formation decay of this convertase is similar to that formed on IgG with an half-life of 9 min at 37 degrees C. (c) The extrinsic regulation of the C3 convertase by C4bp is restricted on IgE (DES) as compared to IgG. This restriction is shown on both the formation and the decay of the convertase. The mechanism of activation of the classical pathway of complement by IgE (DES) thus present some similarities with the assembly of the C3 convertase by the alternative pathway. PMID- 6608451 TI - A human T cell tumor which expresses the putative T cell antigen receptor. AB - A monoclonal antibody (mAb) called H1-2D4 which reacts only with the T cell line HPB-ALL and not with other T cell lines, normal or activated peripheral blood cells, B lymphoblasts (B-LCL), or thymocytes has been developed. This mAb cocaps the T3 antigen on HPB-ALL and anti-T3 mAb cocaps the antigen which reacts with H1 2D4. Purified H1-2D4 precipitates a heterodimer from HPB-ALL cells which has components with molecular weights of 51 000 and 39 000. The properties of the molecule recognized by H1-2D4 suggest that it is the HPB-ALL equivalent of the putative human T cell antigen receptor. PMID- 6608452 TI - A model for transepithelial ion transport across the isolated retinal pigment epithelium of the frog. AB - The contribution of chloride ion movement and sodium and bicarbonate concentrations to the net current across the isolated choroid-retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of the bullfrog were studied. The presence of a ouabain sensitive Na+/K+-pump on the retinal side was confirmed and complete inhibition of this pump with Na+ removal and ouabain treatment abolished nearly all the RPE transepithelial transport and SCC suggesting that all ionic transport was dependent on sodium. It was found that apical to basal (AB) chloride flux accounted for 26 +/- 2% (mean +/- S.E.M.) of the short circuit (SCC). Results suggest that AB bicarbonate and/or basal to apical (BA) hydrogen ion net transport accounts for 38 +/- 2% of the SCC while BA sodium is presumably responsible for the remaining 34% of the SCC. Transport was inhibited by apical administration of known chloride inhibitors. Trans-RPE 36Cl flux measurements indicate that furosemide (10(-4) M) and SITS (10(-3) ) decrease the retinal choroid flux. Results suggest that net transport of chloride and bicarbonate are independent of each other and additive. It was found that a bicarbonate-free preparation was relatively unaffected by changes in pH (5.5-8.5) indicating that pH has little, if any, effect on sodium or chloride current in this range. A model is presented which is compatible with the various data. It is suggested that along with the apical Na+/K+-ATPase pump, there exists an apical Na+/Cl- -co transport system which is driven by the established sodium gradient. Moreover, this pump established sodium gradient is postulated to drive a Na+/HCO3- -co transport system tentatively placed on the retinal side of the RPE. PMID- 6608453 TI - Differentiation of human leukemic cell lines (HL60, U937) toward macrophages is accompanied by production of colony-stimulating activity (CSA). AB - Human macrophages have been shown to produce colony-stimulating activity (CSA), a glycoprotein capable of promoting the growth of granulocyte-macrophage colonies (CFU-GM) from target nonadherent human bone marrow cells (BM). Two human leukemic cell lines, HL60 (promyelocytic) and U937 (monocytic), that do not routinely produce CSA were studied. Induction of differentiation toward macrophages was followed by acquisition of new cell-surface antigenic determinants characteristic of normal monocyte-macrophages (Mo); this change was accompanied by CSA production. With two monoclonal antihuman-monocyte antibodies (OKM1 and 63D3) it was shown that unstimulated HL60 cells did not express these antigens, but 56% of the HL60-derived macrophages were positive for OKM1 and 51% for 63D3 antibody. Expression of the OKM1 antigen increased from 25% in the unstimulated U937 cells to 47% in the stimulated U937-derived macrophages. In addition, HL60- and U937 derived macrophages were found to produce CSA. This CSA has properties similar to those of the one produced by normal human Mo, in that it is heat labile and protease sensitive. The colonies produced by HL60 CSA were predominantly (68%) of the macrophage type. PMID- 6608454 TI - Vertical optokinetic nystagmus and vestibular nystagmus in the monkey: up-down asymmetry and effects of gravity. AB - Vertical optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) i.e., OKN in the sagittal plane, was asymmetrical in the monkey when it was induced with animals lying on their sides in a 90 degrees roll position. In typical monkeys the slow phase velocity of downward OKN (slow phases up) increased proportionally with stimulus velocity at close to unity gain to about 60 degrees/s and saturated at about 100 degrees/s. Upward OKN (slow phases down) increased with close to unity gain only to about 40 degrees/s and saturated at about 60 degrees/s. The slow phase velocity of upward OKN was usually irregular and its frequency was lower than that of downward or horizontal OKN. Upward and downward optokinetic after-nystagmus (OKAN) were also asymmetrical. Upward OKAN was weak or absent and when present it usually saturated at 10 degrees/s. Downward OKAN was stronger, increasing with a gain of about 0.7 with regard to stimulus velocity to a saturation velocity of about 50 60 degrees/s. This was usually about 10-30 degrees/s less than the saturation velocity of horizontal OKAN. The weak or absent upward OKAN indicates that stored activity related to slow phase eye velocity contributes little to the production of upward OKN. In agreement with this, there was little or no slow rise in slow phase velocity to a steady state level during upward OKN. Instead eye velocity rose to its peak velocity at the onset of stimulation. The lack of stored velocity information is probably largely responsible for the differences in regularity, gain and frequency between upward and downward OKN. Vertical vestibular nystagmus was induced by rotating monkeys in darkness with steps of velocity about a vertical axis, while they were lying on their sides in a 90 degree roll position. The velocities of the initial upward and downward slow phases were approximately equal. Gains of the vertical VOR ranged from about 0.5 to 0.98 for stimuli up to 150 degrees/s. Despite equivalent initial gains for upward and downward nystagmus, the vertical VOR was asymmetrical in that downward nystagmus had a higher frequency and generally lasted longer than upward nystagmus. Time constants of downward nystagmus (slow phases up) were about 15 s on average and were similar to those of horizontal nystagmus. Mean time constants of upward nystagmus (slow phases down) were about 8 s. This is only slightly longer than the average time constant of afferent activity in the semicircular canal nerves induced by steps of velocity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6608456 TI - Neural correlates of compensation after hemilabyrinthectomy. AB - Vestibular brain stem neurons responsive to angular acceleration in the plane of the horizontal canal were examined in cats 30 to 52 days after contralateral labyrinthectomy and compared with similar units in cats with intact labyrinths and in other cats immediately after transection of the contralateral eighth nerve. In the compensated state, the mean spontaneous firing rate of type I neurons was 24 spikes/s, in contrast to the mean of 45/s observed immediately after contralateral labyrinthectomy. In intact cats, mean firing rate was 19 spikes/s. Sensitivity, as measured in spikes/s/deg/s2, was significantly lower immediately after labyrinthectomy than in intact controls and remained so in compensated cats. On the other hand, time constants and the ratio of adapting:nonadapting units was unchanged. Ablation of the midline cerebellum including vermis and fastigial nuclei did not materially affect these results. We concluded that (i) the main defects in static posture and nystagmus in the uncompensated state were due to the striking difference in resting firing rates between the ipsi- and contralateral vestibular nuclei; (ii) compensation in the static posture was the result of a tendency to equalize the resting firing rates in the two vestibular nuclei; and (iii) recovery in the dynamic, head-turning situation was due to partial recovery of sensitivity on the ipsilateral side, bringing it to the relatively constant, unchanging depressed sensitivity on the contralateral side. PMID- 6608455 TI - A fine structural study of the formation of temporary swellings (Herring bodies) and reversible degeneration of neurosecretory axons following microiontophoretic ejection of vinblastine into the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial tract of the frog (Rana pipiens). AB - The microiontophoretic ejection of vinblastine into the median eminence effectively blocked axonal transport in the hypothalamoneurohypophysial system of the frog. Proximal to the ejection site, large axon swellings (Herring bodies) were found that contained mainly abundant neurosecretory granulated vesicles and axonal smooth endoplasmic reticulum. At advanced post ejection times, autophagic events were obvious. Subsequently, preexperimental conditions were reestablished, indicative of the resumption of axonal transport. Distal to the ejection site, i.e. in the neural lobe, the relatively long block of axonal transport subsequent to the vinblastine ejection caused most axons to degenerate and to be phagocytized by pituicytes. The degenerative process was reversible since upon reestablishment of the axonal transport regeneration of the neurosecretory fibers occurred. PMID- 6608457 TI - [Determination of individual biological age and evaluation of the degree of aging]. PMID- 6608458 TI - [Folic acid prevention of the adverse effects of methotrexate]. PMID- 6608459 TI - M-mode ultrasound recording of perinatal geometry and dynamics of the cardiac interventricular septum. AB - Fetal and early neonatal cardiac interventricular septal geometry and dynamics were studied by the M-mode ultrasound technique in a cross-sectional study between 28 and 40 wk of gestation (n = 193) and a longitudinal antenatal-early neonatal study up until 48 h following delivery (n = 15). Antenatally the interventricular septal diameter shows a linear increase of about 30%. There is no measurable change in septal diameter during systole, suggesting no-involvement in the process of ventricular contraction. In over 50% of the fetuses no measureable septal motion during systole was observed. Paradoxical septal movement only occurred in about 10% of the cases studied. Postnatally there is a further increase in septal thickness of 46% during the end-systolic phase without any significant change during the end-diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle, indicating active involvement of the septum in ventricular contractility. The septal motion pattern is nearly always non-paradoxical. PMID- 6608460 TI - Caesarean hysterectomy--a review of 21 cases in the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur. AB - Caesarean hysterectomy is a useful surgical procedure. However, the increased blood supply to the pelvis during pregnancy, distortion of the anatomy caused by the enlarged uterus, fragility of oedematous pelvic tissues and adhesions from prior caesarean sections predispose to poor haemostasis and urinary tract injuries. In this series all the cases were done as an emergency procedure and, despite the multiple obstetric complications, there was no maternal mortality and the incidence of post-operative morbidity was low. PMID- 6608461 TI - Effect of triiodothyronine (T3) on ribonucleic acid polymerase activity in developing tadpole hindlimb. AB - Optimum conditions were studied for the determination of RNA polymerase activity in nuclei isolated from Rana catesbeiana tadpole hindlimbs. Tadpole nuclei were tested at 15 degrees C in the presence of spermidine (1.5 mM) bovine serum albumin (1.0%) and a high concentration of nucleoside triphosphates (1.0 mM). Tadpole nuclei exhibited a 60-70% higher total RNA polymerase activity with maximum activity of RNA polymerase I at 4 hr and RNA polymerase II at 8 hr after triiodothyronine injection. The results support a nuclear mechanism for the differentiation of tadpole hindlimbs induced by triiodothyronine. PMID- 6608462 TI - [Sensitive electrodiagnostic examination in patients with chronic pain treated with transcutaneous stimulation electroanalgesia]. AB - The electrodiagnostic sensitive exam on patients suffering from a chronic pain treated which transcutaneous electroanalgesia stimulation. G. Ital Med Lav 1983; 5: 89 - 94. The AA carry out this exam before, during and after the sittings of electroanalgesia. The only parameter to vary in such research is the sensitive Reobase, which raises during the T.E.N.S. lasting unchanged for the all active period, turning then to the basal values within the following fifteen minutes at the end of application. As no other significant changes occur bath the frequency change of stimulus and the total period of application have no influence. What said above and the unchanged period of analgesic level after the return to the values of the sensitive Reobase when the T.E.N.S. is interrupted let us assume that such mechanism is of unspecific type and not involved in the mechanism of control of pain from the T.E.N.S. itself. PMID- 6608463 TI - Guillain-Barre syndrome associated with acute hepatitis A. AB - A case of Guillain-Barre syndrome in a 49-year-old male is described. The syndrome presented as tetraplegia with sensory impairment and the pre-icteric phase of acute hepatitis A. Both viral hepatitis and neurologic disturbances improved, although neurologic changes lasted for 3 months after the onset. HA IgM antibody in cerebrospinal fluid was first manifest with onset of neurologic symptoms. On the basis of this finding and some reports in the literature it seems possible that the Guillain-Barre syndrome may be related to the immunopathogenetic mechanism of hepatitis A virus infection. PMID- 6608464 TI - A case of bleeding duodenal varices located in the third portion. AB - We described a patient with isolated duodenal varices of the third portion, preoperatively diagnosed by hypotonic duodenography and endoscopy. These varices seemed to be caused by portal hypertension due to liver cirrhosis. The third to the fourth portion of duodenum should be examined carefully in patients with liver cirrhosis, especially with gastrointestinal bleedings of unknown origin. PMID- 6608465 TI - Arterial embolization for massive upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding in poor surgical candidates. AB - Therapeutic vascular occlusion was used in 32 patients to control massive upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. All patients were poor surgical candidates and received an average of 12 U of red cells before embolization. Control of bleeding (for greater than 24 h) was attained in 23 of 32 patients (72%). Six of these 23 patients (26%) subsequently died within a 6-mo follow-up period, 5 due to underlying diseases, and only 1 due to rebleeding. Nine patients were not controlled initially with embolization, although 6 had marked reduction in bleeding. Eight of these 9 patients died (89%), 6 from hemorrhage or emergent gastric surgery, and 2 from underlying diseases. All patients with Mallory-Weiss tears (5) and with hemobilia (3) were successfully treated with embolization. Serious complications included gastric infarction in 2 patients with prior compromise of gastric arterial supply. Embolization offers an efficacious alternative to emergent surgery for control of massive upper gastrointestinal arterial hemorrhage in the poor risk surgical candidate. PMID- 6608466 TI - Complete recovery from hepatitis B and associated hemolysis in a patient with underlying T-cell deficiency. AB - A 17-yr-old woman presented with acute hepatitis B. She had preexisting well documented immune deficiency, clinically apparent as chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, and recurrent severe viral infections. Life-threatening but spontaneously resolving Coombs-negative hemolysis complicated the recovery phase. Complete healing of the hepatitis with disappearance of hepatitis B surface antigen from serum and normal hepatitis B surface antibody and hepatitis B core antibody production occurred in spite of T-cell dysfunction. PMID- 6608467 TI - Venography during endoscopic injection sclerotherapy of esophageal varices. AB - Utilizing an equal mixture of 5% sodium morrhuate and 60% renografin, we studied four patients during a total of nine sessions of injection sclerotherapy of esophageal varices to determine radiographically the fate of injected sclerosant. Despite attempted intravariceal injections, 44% resulted in local and presumably paravariceal accumulation of contrast material within the esophageal wall. During 42% of injections, contrast material was rapidly cleared in a cephalad direction and proximal balloon compression of the esophagus did not prevent cephalad flow of sclerosant. In 14% the injected material was rapidly cleared in a caudal direction toward the gastric veins. This technique may be useful in future evaluations of the efficacy of various methods of injection sclerotherapy of esophageal varices. PMID- 6608468 TI - Treatment of postsclerotherapy esophageal ulcers with sucralfate. AB - Deep ulceration of the esophagus is the most common significant complication of endoscopic injection sclerosis of varices. Four patients with persistent bleeding from sclerotherapy-induced ulcers were treated with sucralfate. Adherence of sucralfate to the ulcerated areas was demonstrated endoscopically, and bleeding stopped in three patients. Sucralfate may be useful in the treatment of esophageal ulcers caused by sclerotherapy. PMID- 6608469 TI - [Blast cell testing in acute leukemia in children using an antiserum to human thymocytes]. PMID- 6608470 TI - [Importance of immunological and cytochemical studies of the peripheral blood lymphocytes in myeloma patients during polychemotherapy]. PMID- 6608471 TI - [Significance of immune factors in iron-deficiency anemia concomitant with chronic gastritis]. PMID- 6608472 TI - [Isolation by using interleukin 2 of immune lymphocytes against mouse syngeneic lymphoma and an assessment of their in vitro biological activity]. PMID- 6608473 TI - [Use of immunological methods in studying patients with blood diseases]. PMID- 6608474 TI - Control of excessive bleeding following periodontal surgery. PMID- 6608475 TI - [State of aortocoronary shunts after surgical revascularization of the myocardium]. PMID- 6608476 TI - Cellular immunity in carcinoma of the uterine cervix. PMID- 6608477 TI - [Diagnostic problems in Mallory-Weiss syndrome]. PMID- 6608478 TI - [T-cell dependent functional deficiency and IgA absence in a Bedouin child]. PMID- 6608479 TI - [Hemophilus parainfluenzae endocarditis on a prosthetic aortic valve]. PMID- 6608480 TI - [Hemophilus influenzae meningitis in the elderly]. PMID- 6608481 TI - [Reoperation following aortocoronary bypass. Indications and results]. AB - Aorto coronary reoperation can be performed with a low morbidity and mortality rate which approaches that of initial surgical procedures. Increasing experience in setting indication and in managing surgical procedures has led to better results during the last years. There is a good prognosis in such cases having only singular new stenoses in greater coronary vessels, which still have a good run off. Also good results can be expected in patients suffering from stenotic or completely occluded grafts, without progression of disease. Only 50-60% of the reoperated patients obtain complete relief of angina, which is comparable to our results of 41 cases. PMID- 6608482 TI - [Co-trimoxazole concentration in the prostatic fluid of patients with subacute and chronic prostatitis]. AB - Plasma and prostatic fluid (PF) concentrations of co-trimoxazol (TMP/SMZ) were investigated on 16 patients with subacute or chronic prostatitis. Co-trimoxazol forte was given perorally, 2X 1 tablet (2X 160 mg TMP/800 mg SMZ), daily. TMP concentrations in PF were 3.3 micrograms/ml and 2.6 micrograms/ml three and six hours after peroral application (days two and three) respectively. Compared to the concentrations of TMP in plasma, there was an increase by the factor 2.0-3.7. The corresponding concentrations of SMZ in PF were 7.7 micrograms/ml and 10.4 micrograms/ml 3 and 6 hours after medication--i.e. 32% of the plasma concentrations. PMID- 6608483 TI - Metabolic bone disease in alcoholic cirrhosis: a comparison of the effect of vitamin D2, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, or supportive treatment. AB - In a study of 56 alcoholics with liver cirrhosis, 18 (32%) had decreased bone density and low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) (less than 20 ng per ml). To compare the efficacy of vitamin D2 and 25-OH-D treatment in correcting the metabolic bone disease in alcoholic cirrhosis, the 18 patients were randomized in the following manner, in groups of six patients each: Group 1, control (received no supplemental vitamin D treatment); Group 2, given vitamin D2 (50,000 IU p.o.) two to three times weekly, and Group 3, treated with 25-OH-D (20 to 50 mg p.o.) daily as required to attain normal serum 25-OH-D levels. The study period lasted 6 to 12 months (mean, 10.7 months). Initial histomorphometric study of transiliac bone biopsy with double tetracycline labeling in nine patients in whom biopsy was feasible showed only osteoporosis without evidence of osteomalacia. By the end of the study, serum 25-OH-D levels in the control group (Group 1) raised slightly while showing marked improvement in Groups 2 and 3. Bone density results remained unchanged in control patients but demonstrated a significant increase in both treatment groups. Vitamin D2 and 25-OH-D were equally effective in increasing bone density measurements. Posttreatment biopsies were performed in three patients of Group 2 and two patients of Group 3. While the histomorphometric results in Group 3 were not conclusive, in Group 2 improvement in static measures of bone remodeling was noted. Osteoporosis is the usual form of bone disease in alcoholic cirrhosis and a response to either vitamin D2 or 25-OH-D treatment is suggested. PMID- 6608485 TI - Natural plant enzyme inhibitors: purification & properties of an alpha-amylase inhibitor from bajra (Pennisetum typhoideum). PMID- 6608484 TI - The effect of choleragen and epidermal growth factor on proliferation and maturation in vitro of human ectocervical cells. AB - The role of choleragen (CT) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been examined in relation to the control of growth and differentiation of adult human cervical epithelial (HCE) cells derived from the ectocervix. Cervical biopsies derived from hysterectomy specimens were trypsin disaggregated and HCE cells were plated at 5 X 10(3)/cm2 in the presence of 2 X 10(4)/cm2 lethally irradiated Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. Cultures were grown in Liebovitz medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and hydrocortisone. Epidermal growth factor at 10 ng/ml and choleragen at 10(-10) M were added to cultures either singly or in combination. DNA replication in these cultures was measured autoradiographically after exposing cells to tritiated thymidine for 2 h. Differentiation was assessed histochemically by determining glycogen accumulation using the periodic acid Schiff technique. Choleragen increased colony plating efficiency by at least a factor of two but had no effect on colony size. Epidermal growth factor did not increase plating efficiency but did increase colony size. In EGF treated colonies DNA replication occurred throughout the colony compared to CT treated colonies in which replication was restricted to the periphery. In the absence of EGF, population doublings achieved in culture did not exceed 32 and glycogen accumulation was evident in cells early in culture life. Colonies treated with EGF exhibited glycogen accumulation late in culture life and the EGF treated cells achieved at least 50 population doublings in culture. The results are discussed in relation to the role of EGF and choleragen on cell differentiation. PMID- 6608486 TI - In vitro studies on mast cell proliferation in N. brasiliensis infection. AB - We have previously shown that mast cells with the morphological and biochemical properties of mucosal mast cells (MMC) proliferate and mature in rat bone marrow cultures stimulated with factors from antigen or mitogen-activated T lymphocytes. Here we have used this system to explore the MMC hyperplasia which occurs in infections with gastrointestinal nematode parasites. Lymphocytes producing MMC growth factor were present from day 10 onwards in N. brasiliensis-infected rats and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) were the major source of activated lymphocytes. When different tissues of normal rats were cultured in the presence of conditioned medium by far the greatest proliferation of MMC occurred in bone marrow, indicating an origin of MMC from haemopoietic precursors. Cultures of infected rat bone marrow yielded considerably greater numbers of MMC than cultures of normal rat bone marrow and experiments using semisolid culture media indicated that N. brasiliensis infection causes an increase in the frequency of MMC progenitors in the bone marrow. A scheme is put forward for the sequence of events occurring in vivo based on the results of these and other published experiments. The reasons for the restricted in vivo localization of MMC to the mucous membranes and associated lymph nodes is discussed. Finally we give the results of microspectrophotometric analysis which has shown that the cultured mast cell contain a non-heparin proteoglycan, thus adding a further feature to the list of MMC-like properties of these cells. PMID- 6608487 TI - Interleukin-2-induced activation of natural killer activity in spleen cells from old and young mice. AB - Generation of natural killer (NK) activity in response to a partially purified preparation of rat interleukin-2 (IL-2) was compared in spleen cells derived from young (8-10 weeks old) and old (greater than 2 years old) female C57BL/6 mice. Significant NK activation was observed in both young and old mouse spleen cells incubated with 100 U IL-2/ml for 1-4 days, but the levels of cytotoxic activity generated in old mouse spleen cells was always lower than those of similarly treated young mouse spleen cells. Differences in IL-2-induced NK activation in old and young mouse spleen cells was obtained irrespective of the concentration of IL-2 used (25-400 U/ml). Quantitative comparisons indicated that old spleen cells activated by 3 day incubation with IL-2 acquired about two-fold higher NK activity than fresh young mouse spleen cells but still had only one-fourth of the levels of NK activity attained by IL-2-activated young mouse spleen cells. Cytotoxic activity of IL-2-activated young or old mouse spleen cells were totally abrogated by anti-asialo GM-1 antiserum + C but not by anti-Ly-2 + C treatment, indicating that the activated cytotoxic cells fell in the NK cell category. An analysis of NK precursor (NK-p) frequency by limiting dilution assay indicated that the NK-p frequency was about 4-fold higher in young as compared to old mouse spleen cells. The level of cytotoxic activity attained per NK-p cell was not significantly different for NK-p cells of old or young mice. PMID- 6608488 TI - Non-specific factor enhancement of human in vitro antigen-dependent antibody synthesis: role of B cell activation and T cell help. AB - Lectin-free supernatants obtained from PWM-stimulated lymphocytes, enable B cells to proliferate and secrete immunoglobulin. Both functions are augmented by the addition of irradiated T cells. In the presence of antigen, these supernatants also enhance specific anti-tetanus toxoid antibody production. The components of the supernatant responsible for these activities have a molecular weight between 30,000 and 60,000, and have the characteristics of non-specific factors: they are genetically unrestricted, and do not bind to either antigen or anti-DR affinity columns. There is no evidence that the partial T dependency of these factors is an indication that their target is a T cell. Instead, T cells appear necessary to move the B cell into a state of activation in which it becomes responsive to the factor. Alternative activation signals such as Staph. A. Cowan can substitute for T cell help in the proliferative response, but not for immunoglobulin or antibody synthesis. The implications of these results for the approaches used to detect and classify B cell growth factors are discussed. PMID- 6608489 TI - Ophthalmic zoster in infancy. A case report. PMID- 6608490 TI - Preliminary characterization of the cells causing an H-2-restricted GVH reaction. AB - An H-2-restricted graft-versus-host reaction can be demonstrated when irradiated bone marrow-protected recipients receive injections of cells from radiation chimeras. The cells responsible are Thy-1-positive, thymus-dependent, radiation sensitive and pass through a nylon wool column, i.e., they are T cells. Treatment of the cells with anti-Lyt-1 or anti-Lyt-2 serum and complement reduces but does not eliminate the activity which can be eliminated by treatment with both antisera. Combining anti-Lyt-1-treated and anti-Lyt-2-treated cells does not restore the original activity. PMID- 6608491 TI - HLA linkage to 21-hydroxylase congenital adrenal hyperplasia. PMID- 6608492 TI - Ocular health of rural children with special reference to vitamin 'A' deficiency. PMID- 6608493 TI - Meningitis in infancy. PMID- 6608494 TI - Immunological study in cases of phlyctenular kerato-conjunctivitis at "T" cell level. PMID- 6608495 TI - Proliferative response of immune mouse T-lymphocytes to the lymphocytosis promoting factor of Bordetella pertussis. AB - Immunization of mice with a whole-cell pertussis vaccine or with the purified, detoxified lymphocytosis-promoting factor (LPF) of Bordetella pertussis resulted in an increased in vitro proliferative response to LPF in immune lymph node cells. The proliferative response was detected above the nonspecific mitogenic activity of LPF. That the proliferative response of the immune lymph node cells was a demonstration of a specific cell-mediated immunity to LPF was supported by the following: (i) the specificity of the response to the immunizing antigen; (ii) the ability of chemically modified, nonmitogenic LPF to induce proliferation in immune lymph node cells; and (iii) a dependence on T-cells for the demonstration of the proliferative response of immune cells to LPF. Immunization of mice with protective doses of detoxified LPF resulted in serum antibody and cell-mediated responses to LPF. Immunization of mice with protective doses of whole-cell pertussis vaccine resulted in a cell-mediated response but not a detectable antibody response to LPF. The LPF of B. pertussis is believed to play an important role in pathogenesis and immunity in pertussis, and the demonstration of a cell-mediated immune response to LPF suggests a possible role for cell-mediated immunity to LPF in protection from pertussis disease. PMID- 6608496 TI - Trypanosoma musculi infection in B-cell-deficient mice. AB - The course of infection with Trypanosoma musculi was assessed in mice deprived of B-lymphocytes by administration, from birth, of rabbit antiserum to mouse immunoglobulin M (IgM). Initial control of parasitemia leading to the first crisis and establishment of the plateau phase was unaffected by lack of B lymphocyte function, although multiplicative forms persisted throughout the infection in anti-IgM-treated mice, instead of disappearing after the first crisis as in intact mice. Elimination of trypanosomes after the second crisis was not observed in anti-IgM-treated mice, which maintained high numbers of parasites in the blood and peritoneal cavity, resulting in some mortality. A temporary reduction in parasitemia was achieved in anti-IgM-treated mice by transfusion of immune plasma. Immunodepression, as measured by splenic mitogen responsiveness, and splenomegaly were both observed in anti-IgM-treated as well as in intact mice, indicating that these features of murine trypanosomiasis are independent of B-lymphocyte function. Since in T. musculi infection parasitemia can be controlled initially but not eliminated in mice lacking B-cell function, the only crucial protection provided by antibody would appear to be in curing the infection after the second crisis. PMID- 6608497 TI - Characteristics of lymphoid cells that adoptively transfer immunity to Rickettsia mooseri infection in mice. AB - The capacity of adoptively transferred immune lymphoid cells or passively transferred immune serum to alter the course of an established Rickettsia mooseri (R. typhi) infection in the spleen was evaluated in BALB/c mice. Immune cells, but not immune serum, controlled the established infection. An effective lymphocyte was a T-cell which had to possess a capacity to divide. PMID- 6608499 TI - The influence of beta-lactamases on minimal inhibitory concentrations. AB - The stability towards hydrolysis by beta-lactamases is commonly used as a major criterion for the quality of a beta-lactam antibiotic. The activity of a beta lactam compound is influenced by many factors, however. After the introduction of third generation cephalosporins, evidence arose that beta-lactamases can be the only reason for resistance, although the drug is not or only slightly hydrolyzed by the corresponding enzyme. Here it seems as if binding of the antibiotic to the beta-lactamase is the main factor which influences the drug's activity. But, in fact, the situation is much more complicated, as at least several different factors must be considered in combination with beta-lactamase activity. PMID- 6608500 TI - Beta-lactamases in ampicillin-resistant enterobacteriaceae. PMID- 6608498 TI - Antibacterial defence mechanisms. AB - Pathogenic bacteria fall into two groups with regard to their fate within phagocytes: extracellular bacteria are promptly killed after phagocytosis and facultative intracellular bacteria are resistant to intracellular killing unless macrophages are activated. Extracellular bacteria cause purulent infections, and facultative intracellular bacteria granulomatous ones. Humoral immune mechanisms (antibody, complement) deal mainly with extracellular bacteria, while cellular immune mechanisms (T cells, macrophages) deal with facultative intracellular bacteria. The specific and nonspecific factors and their interactions are discussed with respect to their role in the buildup of an effective antibacterial defence. PMID- 6608501 TI - Immune complexes in ovarian cancer: association between IgM class complexes and antinuclear autoantibodies in ascitic fluid. AB - Samples of ascitic fluid from patients with ovarian cancer were analyzed for autoantibodies to nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens and for immune complexes (ICs) detectable by the Clq deviation and polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation (either IgG or IgM class) assays. The predominant autoantibody was antinuclear (ANA); this was detected in 29 of 58 samples (59% showing the homogeneous and 41% the speckled pattern). The antibody was not reactive to saline extractable nuclear antigens. A strong association between this autoantibody and the PEG precipitated IgM class ICs was shown, suggesting the possible participation of this autoantibody in IgM class ICs formation. The lack of association between C1q reactive and IgG class ICs and the autoantibodies indicates that the IgG class ICs may be more related to the tumor. PMID- 6608502 TI - Effect of phenytoin and carbamazepine on subpopulations of mononuclear blood cells as defined by membrane antigens. AB - Mononuclear cells from peripheral blood of healthy blood donors were incubated with phenytoin 20 micrograms/ml or carbamazepine 10 micrograms/ml for 30 min at 37 degrees C. In 4 out of 10 incubation experiments, the percentage of cells expressing the membrane antigen T3 was markedly reduced. However, the mean percentage of cells expressing the antigens T3, T4, T8 and HLA-DR was not influenced significantly by incubation with the drugs. Accordingly, the reduction of IgA and IgM serum concentrations in patients on phenytoin and carbamazepine is most probably not due to changes in T regulator lymphocytes. PMID- 6608503 TI - The drug acquisition curve: a method for the analysis and prediction of drug epidemiology. AB - A method is presented to chart how a group acquires exposure to a drug. The resulting drug acquisition curve has a number of different parameters that describe the group's drug involvement. Key parameters include: (1) the age of exposure when the group begins to use the drug in greater numbers, probably because of exposure to drug-using peers; (2) the acquisition rate, the percent of the group who are newly exposed each year, a rate that is surprisingly constant over as much as 5 years; and (3) the asymptote, establishing the total percent of the group who will eventually try the drug. Acquisition curves for sequential age cohorts show changing trends in these parameters and can also be used to predict future drug epidemiology. A 4-year prediction based on this method proved to be very accurate for two of three drugs. For the third drug, a large increase in use was predicted, but the increase was even greater than expected. PMID- 6608504 TI - Serological abnormalities in Japanese patients with borderline leprosy. PMID- 6608505 TI - Non-gonococcal ophthalmitis associated with erythromycin ointment prophylaxis of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum. AB - Substitution of erythromycin ointment for silver nitrate in the prophylaxis of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum (GON) was accompanied by eight infections in 749 (1.1%) well-born and 21 infections in 285 (7.4%) intensive care infants during an eight-month period. This was significantly higher than previous rates of ophthalmitis during the use of silver nitrate, 0.3% (5/1877) and 2.1% (19/904) for well and intensive care infants, (P less than 0.01). Multiple bacteria were isolated, polymicrobial infection occurred frequently and the pattern of bacterial isolates did not favor cross-contamination between infants. Observation suggested the frequent unintentional introduction of ungloved fingers into neonatal eyes during attempts to insert erythromycin ointment. Replacement of ophthalmic ointment with a liquid tetracycline preparation resulted in a decrease in non-gonococcal ophthalmitis to rates similar to the baseline period 8/997 (0.8%) for both nurseries. The increased number of infections appear related to the ointment vehicle, difficulty in its application and the mechanical introduction of bacteria. It is inferred that appropriate application of liquid medication also reduced the risk of inadequate prophylaxis. PMID- 6608506 TI - Suppressed cellular immunity in mice harboring intraocular melanomas. AB - Intracameral (IC) inoculation of syngeneic B16F10 melanoma cells into the anterior chamber of C57BL/6 mice evoked specific impairment of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses, yet stimulated significant humoral antibody production. However, the presence of anti-melanoma antibodies did not protect against progressive tumor growth. In contrast to the results with intracameral inoculations, subcutaneous injection of B16F10 melanoma cells induced significant DTH responsiveness in C57BL/6 hosts. Adoptive transfer experiments showed that T suppressor cells, induced by IC inoculation of viable syngeneic melanoma cells, inhibited specifically the development of DTH responses to melanoma-associated antigens (MAA). The IC-induced T-suppressor cell population was found to be cyclophosphamide-sensitive and antigen-specific, suggesting that possibly a first order suppressor pathway had been activated. IC inoculation of nonproliferating (ie, X-irradiated) melanoma cells evoked a similar inhibition of specific DTH responses, and stimulated similar levels of serum antibodies, yet induced a solid state of immunity to subsequent tumor challenge. The IC-induced immunity was (1) DTH-independent; (2) specific for B16F10 melanoma--third party tumors were not rejected; and (3) presumably not mediated directly by antibodies. Thus, IC presentation of nonproliferating melanoma cells evokes an aberrant immune response in which DTH responses are profoundly suppressed, yet the host is immune to secondary tumor challenge. PMID- 6608507 TI - Screening for color blindness using optokinetic nystagmus. AB - Red/green luminosity ratios were determined by a new method. A special colored grating of red and green bars appeared to move to the left (or right) when the red bars were darker (or lighter) than the green bars. Optokinetic nystagmic eye movements (OKN) elicited by this stimulus could be measured photoelectrically, or by directly watching the subject's eyes. When the red/green ratio passed through equiluminance, the direction of apparent movement (AM) and of OKN reversed in direction. Protans needed more red than normals to reach equiluminance, and deutans needed more green. This OKN method might be applied to nonverbal subjects such as infants and animals. PMID- 6608508 TI - [Prevalence, risk factors and complications of peripheral venous diseases in the Munich population]. AB - Prevalence, risk factors, and complications of peripheral venous disease of the lower limb were examined in a prospective study on 1,000 unselected outpatients of a polyclinic. The investigation was planned as a representative epidemiologic study in the Munich area, with the intention of getting information on the sociomedical importance, therapy, and possibilities of prevention of peripheral venous disease. Prevalence. Of the patients examined 50% showed peripheral venous abnormalities, which were unimportant in 25%, relevant in 10%, and pathologic in 15%, i.e., one of seven patients had significant venous problems. No significant differences dependent on sex were found. The prevalence of peripheral venous disease grew with increasing age. Medical reliability. The striking sociomedical importance of peripheral venous disease was demonstrated by the high rate of complications, such as thrombophlebitis, chronic venous stasis, and embolism. Nearly every other person with pathologic venous changes suffered from thrombophlebitis, every 3rd from a chronic venous stasis, every 4th from ulcera of the legs and every 10th from embolism. Risk factors. Especially the varicose saphenous veins seemed to depend on risk factors such as overweight, standing position at work, herniae, flat and/or spread feet, familial disposition, age and pregnancy. In women and men peripheral venous disease proved to be very closely correlated with a positive familial disposition. In male patients there were further correlations with hernias and a standing position at work, and in women with flat or spread feet. Overweight, pregnancy or multiple pregnancies are recognized as aggravating factors with only tendentious correlations. The most important recommendation to people with peripheral venous disease is early medical treatment to prevent progressive disease. Complications can probably be markedly reduced by early treatment. PMID- 6608509 TI - [Critical observations on "focal loci"]. AB - Adherents of methods not based on scientific proof, especially the disciples of Huneke's "neural therapy", believe not only that foci represent local lesions, but also that they may cause remote effects. Therefore, in the opinion of these physicians, foci should be regarded as "fields of disturbance" with regulatory consequences, as described by Huneke and Pischinger. Thus when the diagnosis is in doubt, such "zones of interference" are searched for using function tests which are much in dispute. The most important of these "tests" are: electroacupuncture (Voll), the electro focus test (Glaser-Turk and Turk), neural therapy (Huneke) and thermoregulation (Schwamm). Moreover, it should be remembered that the adherents of the above-mentioned methods, on the basis of diagnoses worked out by the above techniques, will "cure" these foci, a serious matter. It is, therefore, recommended, that medical societies and medical and arbitration boards pay attention to this problem which also concerns unqualified practitioners. The results of such efforts should be published for the information of patients, doctors and insurance companies. PMID- 6608510 TI - On the mechanics of mucociliary flows. III. Flow-velocity profiles in frog palate mucus. AB - Flow-velocity profiles over excised frog ciliated epithelium were obtained for the region within about 600 micron of the mucosa. Fluorescent particles were used as flow tracers. Both a control and an autologous mucus suspension were observed. The control culture medium was bounded by the walls of the observation chamber, and mucus was deposited on the epithelium as a blob after mixing it with tracers. In spite of the difference in boundary conditions the two profiles, normalized to maximum particle velocity and solution depth, were indistinguishable at heights over 60 micron from the mucosa. The near-mucosa profiles in contrast were unalike with mucus exhibiting a greater shear gradient than the control culture medium. It was concluded that ciliary contact is not necessary for generation of mucus flow provided the ciliary shear is not negated by the mucus "flake" or "slab" being in simultaneous contact with significant ciliostatic patches which would act as anchors. PMID- 6608511 TI - Successful removal and exchange of a chronically decentrating Harris-Arnott posterior chamber intraocular lens. AB - A case of a decentrated, nonfixated, Harris-Arnott posterior chamber lens recurring between 30 and 48 months after implantation is reported. The lens was successfully removed under sodium hyaluronate (Healon) and replaced with a Kratz style posterior chamber lens, resulting in a visual acuity of 20/20. PMID- 6608512 TI - New alpha-amylase inhibitor, trestatins. III. Structure determination of new trestatin components Ro 09-0766, Ro 09-0767 and Ro 09-0768. PMID- 6608513 TI - Effect of supplemental selenium on pancreatic function and nutrient digestibility in the pig. AB - The effect of Se deficiency on pancreatic digestive enzyme activity and nutrient digestibility was studied by using pigs weaned at 3 wk of age from sows fed a diet deficient in Se and low in vitamin E. Pigs were fed a Torula yeast diet supplemented with 100 IU dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate/kg of diet. Treatments were levels of supplemental Se of 0, .025, .050, .075 or .100 ppm. Apparent digestibility was determined at the end of the second and fourth week. Digestive enzyme activity, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and Se concentration were determined in pancreatic tissue at the end of the 4-wk experiment. Selenium concentration in the pancreas increased linearly (P less than .01) and quadratically (P less than .05) in response to increasing level of Se supplementation. The correlation between pancreas Se level and GSH-Px activity was .36 (P less than .05). Supplementation of Se had no effect on pancreas weight, protein content or the activity of pancreatic trypsin, chymotrypsin, alpha-amylase or lipase. Apparent digestibility increased linearly for dry matter (P less than .01) and N (P less than .05) as Se supplementation increased. There was however, no significant effect on ether extract digestibility. Apparent digestibilities were higher (P less than .01) at 4 wk than those measured at 2 wk. PMID- 6608514 TI - The permeability barrier of Haemophilus influenzae type b against beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - An evaluation was made of the role of the outer membrane of Haemophilus influenzae type b as a permeability barrier against beta-lactam antibiotics. Sonic extracts of H. influenzae containing beta-lactamase were assayed for the rates of hydrolysis of benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, cloxacillin, cephacetrile, cefazolin, cefamandole, cephalothin, cephaloridine, cephaloglycin, and cefaclor. Benzylpenicillin was hydrolyzed most rapidly, whereas cephacetrile, cephaloridine, and cephaloglycin were the poorest substrates for the beta lactamase. The hydrolysis of these ten beta-lactams by intact cells was also determined; it was necessary to stabilize the cells with MgCl2 to prevent lysis and thereby to maintain the beta-lactamase in the periplasm. Calculations were made of the concentration of the antibiotics which had accumulated in the periplasm. The transmembrane permeability coefficient, C, was determined for the ten beta-lactam antibiotics. All of the compounds tested were able to diffuse across the outer membrane of H. influenzae type b very efficiently. The values of the permeability coefficient were compared with the partition coefficients of the antibiotics in a two-phase isobutanol/water mixture. For a ten-fold increase in hydrophobicity, there was a ten-fold decrease in the permeability coefficient. The outer membrane of haemophilus was not an effective barrier against the penetration of penicillins or cephalosporins. The activity of these compounds could be attributed either to their low hydrolysis by beta-lactamase or to the high affinity of binding to their sensitive targets. PMID- 6608515 TI - Plasmid-determined beta-lactamases identified in a group of 204 ampicillin resistant Enterobacteriaceae. AB - Information is presented on the plasmid-determined beta-lactamases identified in 204 strains of ampicillin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. The type most frequently identified was TEM-1 (in 85.3% of the strains), followed by SHV-1 (14.70%). Two types of plasmid-determined beta-lactamase were identified in 20 strains; in 18 of them one of the two was TEM-1 and in 13, SHV-1 (the TEM-1 + SHV-1 combination was observed in 12 strains). In the 41 Klebsiella strains the most frequently identified enzyme was SHV-1 (in 28 of the strains) and the proportion of strains with two plasmid-determined beta-lactamases was higher than in the other species studied. PMID- 6608516 TI - The activity of miokamycin (MOM) against Chlamydia trachomatis and mycoplasmas in vitro. AB - The activity of miokamycin, a new macrolide, was investigated against Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis, in vitro. Miokamycin was found to be similar in activity to doxycycline and erythromycin against Chlam. trachomatis and U. urealyticum. Against Mycopl. hominis, miokamycin had an activity clearly superior to erythromycin. PMID- 6608517 TI - Difference in transglycosylation between human pancreatic and salivary alpha amylases. AB - Transglycosylation reactions of alpha-amylases from human pancreatic juice and saliva were examined by using O-6-deoxy-6-[(2-pyridyl)amino]-alpha-D glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 4)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 4)-O-alpha-D glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 4)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 4)-D glucopyranose as a substrate and O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 4)-O-alpha D-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 4)-1-deoxy-1-[(2-pyridyl)amino]-D-glucitol as an acceptor. The transfer reaction was estimated by quantitation of O-alpha-D glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 4)-1-deoxy-1-[(2-pyridyl)amino]-D-glucitol produced by the enzymes from the transfer products, because the acceptor was not hydrolyzed. The amount of O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 4)-1-deoxy-1-[(2 pyridyl)amino]-D-glucitol in the digest with pancreatic alpha-amylase was six times that in the digest with salivary alpha-amylase at the stage when the substrate was completely consumed, and the difference increased gradually on further incubation. The phenomenon can be applied to differentiate the two alpha amylases in human serum. PMID- 6608518 TI - Electrogenic nature of lysosomal proton pump as revealed with a cyanine dye. AB - Studies were carried out on the electrogenicity of the lysosomal proton pump using dipropylthiadicarbocyanine iodide (diS-C3-(5] as a membrane potential probe. Pure lysosome preparations (tritosomes) quenched the fluorescence of diS C3-(5). The quenching correlated well with the potassium ion diffusion potential (inside negative) generated by K+ with or without valinomycin. The quenching caused by lysosomes was reversed by lipophilic cations, tetraphenylarsonium (TPA) or triphenylmethylphosphonium (TPMP). Mg-ATP also reversed the quenching, which was inhibited by a protonophore, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylidene malononitrile (SF-6847). The properties of the ATP-induced recovery of the quenching were exactly the same as those of ATP-induced acidification, as measured with fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD) (Ohkuma, S., et al. (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 79, 2758-2762) and acridine orange (Moriyama, Y., et al. (1982) J. Biochem. 92, 1333-1336), except replacement of the anion by an impermeable one enhanced ATP-induced recovery of quenching, but reduced ATP induced acidification. Amines which dissipate delta pH across the lysosomal membrane also enhanced the Mg-ATP-induced fluorescence recovery. These results suggest that isolated lysosomes exhibit an inside negative membrane potential, especially in low K+ medium, mostly due to the K+-diffusion potential, and that the Mg-ATP-driven proton pump causes membrane depolarization (in the direction of inside positive). These possibilities were supported by results on the uptake of the radioactive membrane-permeant ions [3H]TPMP and [14C]SCN. The present results provide evidence for the electrogenic nature of the lysosomal proton pump. PMID- 6608519 TI - [Evaluation of normal protein profile of the mixed saliva and serum by laser nephelometry]. AB - The aim of this study was to produce a protein profile of both whole saliva saliva and serum in a normal population of adults of both sexes ranging from 18 to 35 years of age using laser nephelometry. Twelve proteins were titrated: IgA, IgG, IgM, C3c, C4, alpha 2-macroglobulin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, C-reactive protein, albumin, hapto-globulin, alpha 1-glycoprotein acid and transferrine. This study is an original attempt to define a normal protein profile in the healthy adult. The next stage will be to analyse the physiopathological variations of this profile in inflammed oral and dental diseases. PMID- 6608520 TI - Inhibition of mammalian xanthine oxidase by folate compounds and amethopterin. AB - We have examined the effects of folate compounds and the folate analog amethopterin (methotrexate) as inhibitors of mammalian xanthine oxidase and have found that they offer potent inhibition of the enzyme. We have compared the inhibitory potency of folic acid and its coenzyme derivative tetrahydrofolic acid to that of allopurinol, a known inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, and have demonstrated that folic acid and tetrahydrofolic acid are severalfold more potent than allopurinol as inhibitors of xanthine oxidase. Comparative inhibition constants calculated were 5.0 X 10(-7) M for folic acid. 1.25 X 10(-6) M for tetrahydrofolic acid, and 4.88 X 10(-6) M for allopurinol. Incubation of xanthine oxidase with folic acid at a concentration of 10(-6) M abolished 94% of the enzymic activity within 1 min of incubation with the enzyme. At the same concentration, allopurinol was almost ineffective as an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. The substrate xanthine protected the enzyme against total inhibition by folic acid. Reversibility of the enzymic inhibition by folic acid was demonstrated. Folic acid-inactivated enzyme was totally regenerated either by filtration through Sephadex G-200 or by precipitation with ammonium sulfate. 2 Amino-4-hydroxypteridine was a poor substrate for the enzyme but a potent inhibitor for the oxidation of xanthine by the enzyme. The inhibition constant calculated was 1.50 X 10(-6) M. In the presence of an excess of xanthine oxidase, neither folic acid nor tetrahydrofolic acid and allopurinol exhibited any change in intensity of their absorbance or in the wavelength of their maximal absorbance that might have been suggestive of substrate utility. The folate analog amethopterin was also determined a potent inhibitor of mammalian xanthine oxidase. The inhibition constant calculated was 3.0 X 10(-5) M. PMID- 6608521 TI - Cell-specific properties of red cell and liver ferritin from bullfrog tadpoles probed by phosphorylation in vitro. AB - Cell-specific differences occur in the primary structure of ferritin. For example, red cell and liver ferritin from bullfrog tadpoles differ by 1.5 times in serine content. To determine if cell-specific differences in ferritin primary structure are expressed in the tetraeicosomer, which thus might distinguish the proteins in a functional state, phosphorylation in vitro was employed as a probe using [gamma-32P]ATP and the catalytic subunit from the cAMP-dependent protein kinase of bovine skeletal muscle. Subunits of both proteins in the tetraeicosomers were phosphorylated. Based on tryptic peptide maps, five regions common to both red cell and liver apoferritin were phosphorylated, as confirmed for two peptides by amino acid analyses. [32P]Apoferritin from red cells yielded an additional four 32P-fragments by mapping, at least three of which were unique by amino acid analysis and, in one case, might represent a 32P-Fe complex bound by a fragment of the iron-binding site. One peptide appeared to be unique to liver apoferritin. High concentrations of ATP yielded one additional peptide common to liver and red cell and one red cell-specific peptide in the tryptic peptide maps. The maximum moles of 32P/molecule were 13 +/- 4 and 6 +/- 2, respectively, for red cell and liver apoferritin, which corresponded within experimental error to the number of 32P-tryptic peptides. The level of phosphorylation was, on the average, not more than one site/subunit. Furthermore, above certain levels of phosphorylation, some subunits in the assemblage of 24 appeared to be unavailable as substrates, possibly because of charge repulsion or conformational changes. The possibility that post-translational modifications of ferritin which amplify cell-specific structural features occur in vivo with cytoplasmic components, e.g. protein kinases, is considered in terms of the physiological availability of iron from different iron storage cells and developmental changes in iron storage. PMID- 6608522 TI - Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of oligosaccharides from neutral glycosphingolipids of murine B cell hybridomas. AB - Monoclonal B cell hybridoma cell lines express glycolipids characteristic of both the myeloma and normal lymphocyte parents. The neutral glycolipids from hybridoma cell lines metabolically radiolabeled with [14C]galactose plus [14C]glucosamine separate by high performance thin layer chromatography into patterns that may reflect differences in glycolipid expression among B cell subsets. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of oligosaccharides released by trifluoroacetolysis from neutral glycolipids extracted from 10(9) clonally expanded hybridoma cells reveals the carbohydrate composition of the major glycolipid components detected by thin layer chromatography. Glycolipids differentially expressed among six cell lines analyzed include monohexosylceramide, lactosylceramide, globotriaosylceramide, globoside, asialo GM2, and 2'fucosyllactosylceramide. The latter compound has not been described previously in cells from the mouse. PMID- 6608523 TI - Human lymphotoxin. Production by a lymphoblastoid cell line, purification, and initial characterization. AB - Human lymphotoxin was purified to homogeneity from a serum-free tissue culture supernatant of a lymphoblastoid 1788 cell line. The purification scheme consisted of DEAE-cellulose chromatography, preparative isoelectric focusing, lentil lectin Sepharose chromatography, and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified glycoprotein was homogeneous by the criteria of high pressure liquid chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis run under both nondenaturing and denaturing conditions. The specific activity of the purified lymphotoxin is approximately 40 X 10(6) units/mg. The protein has an apparent molecular weight of approximately 20,000, and RF of 0.33 on 7.5% polyacrylamide gels at pH 8.8 and an isoelectric point of 5.8. A tryptic digest of the purified native material produced two major fragments of approximately 15,000 and 5,000 Da. The amino acid compositions of the intact molecule and of the tryptic fragments are presented. PMID- 6608524 TI - Purification and properties of NAD-dependent 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase from Acetobacterium woodii. AB - An NAD-dependent 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase has been purified to homogeneity from autotrophically and heterotrophically grown cells of Acetobacterium woodii. The enzymes from the differently grown cells were indistinguishable by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis and have a final specific activity of 670 units mg-1. The enzyme is oxygen labile; therefore, it was isolated under anaerobic conditions in the presence of dithiothreitol. The oxidized enzyme can be reactivated with 5 mM dithiothreitol, the half-time of activation being 19 min. The forward and reverse reaction initial velocity kinetics was studied and the enzyme was found to follow a substituted (ping-pong) reaction mechanism. With this model, the Km values for NAD and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate are 4.0 and 0.26 mM, while for NADH and 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate, they are 2.0 and 1.0 mM, respectively. The equilibrium constant at pH 6.7, determined by the Haldane relationship, is approximately equal to 2.0, favoring the formation of NADH and 5,10 methenyltetrahydrofolate. The purified enzyme is a Mr = 55,000 dimer which lacks 10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase and 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase activities. At pH 6.7, the conversion of 5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate occurs at a rate of 98,600 mol min-1 mol-1 of enzyme, while the reverse reaction occurs at a rate of 95,600 mol min-1 mol-1 of enzyme. PMID- 6608526 TI - Behaviour problems in a population of seven-year-old children: prevalence, stability and types of disorder--a research report. AB - A sample of 951 children in Dunedin, New Zealand was assessed at age 7 years to examine the prevalence, nature and stability of behaviour problems. The identification of children with behaviour problems was based upon reports of parents and teachers. About 30% of the sample were identified by the parent and/or teacher as having a high level of problem behaviour. The most prevalent problem reported was antisocial behaviour, which was more common among boys than girls. Over 9% of the sample were identified as having a stable behaviour problem. Such stable problems were associated with specific reading retardation, independent ratings of behaviour during psychological testing and use of professional services for help. These children, together with those identified by both parent and teacher at age 7 years, should be regarded as having a significant behaviour disorder. PMID- 6608525 TI - C21 steroid side chain cleavage enzyme from porcine adrenal microsomes. Purification and characterization of the 17 alpha-hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase cytochrome P-450. AB - The properties and the purity of a cytochrome P-450 (17 alpha-hydroxylase) from porcine adrenal microsomes have been examined following a report that the corresponding enzyme from bovine adrenocortical microsomes is inactive as a 17 alpha-hydroxylase and fails to show a high spin spectrum on addition of substrate, once the enzyme has been purified (Bumpus, J. A., and Dus, K. M. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 12696-12704). The purity of the porcine enzyme was demonstrated by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide with sodium dodecyl sulfate, immunoelectrophoresis, and NH2-terminal amino acid sequence (16 residues). The pure enzyme shows Mr = 54,000, heme content of greater than 0.8 nmol/nmol of protein, and absorption spectra typical of cytochrome P-450. The enzyme is active with both delta 4 (progesterone) and delta 5 (pregnenolone) substrates as a 17 alpha-hydroxylase and with the corresponding 17 alpha-hydroxysteroids as a C17,20 lyase. All four substrates produce typical type I spectra with the enzyme (so called high spin form). We conclude that: 1) porcine adrenal microsomes contain a 17 alpha-hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase which is a single protein molecule readily purified to an enzymatically active form; 2) the C17,20-lyase activity is largely suppressed in the microsomes; and 3) the enzyme closely resembles that found in testicular microsomes. We propose that this enzyme be referred to as the adrenal C21 steroid side chain cleavage enzyme. PMID- 6608527 TI - Chromatographic separation of 24(R),25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-26,23-lactone using a cyano-bonded phase packing. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic system is described for the baseline resolution of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 24(R),25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 25 hydroxyvitamin D3-26,23-lactone, the three principal circulating metabolites of vitamin D3 in the vitamin D-replete animal. The system is based upon a cyano bonded phase packing and the solvent hexane--isopropanol--methanol (94:5:1). Of particular interest is the strong retention of carbonyl-containing vitamin D metabolites. The new system can be used for unequivocal analysis of vitamin D metabolites in plasma samples from clinical and animal studies and in the separation and identification of renal metabolites generated in vitro. PMID- 6608528 TI - Isolation of CSF-1 from large volumes of human urine by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. PMID- 6608529 TI - Intrathyroidal and circulating lymphocyte subsets in different stages of autoimmune postpartum thyroiditis. AB - Postpartum thyroiditis (PPT) is a reversible form of lymphocytic thyroiditis which has been attributed to an aggravation of preexisting subclinical autoimmune thyroiditis. In this study no differences in circulating lymphocyte subsets were found between 9 thyrotoxic and 18 hypothyroid PPT patients and normal subjects. We obtained sufficient numbers of thyroid-infiltrating lymphocytes for surface marker characterization in 3 women in the thyrotoxic phase and in 10 women in the hypothyroid phase of PPT. Cells were identified by conventional T and B cell markers as well as by monoclonal antibodies (OKT) directed against different T cell subsets in a microscale immunofluorescence assay. In the hypothyroid patients a relative accumulation of B cells (31% vs. 17%; P less than 0.01 by the Wilcoxon signed rank test) was found within the thyroid when compared to peripheral blood. A relative decrease in intrathyroidal supressor-cytotoxic (OKT 8+) T cells (19% vs. 28%; P less than 0.01) resulted in an increased intrathyroidal helper to suppressor-cytotoxic (OKT 4+/OKT 8+) T cell ratio (3.0 vs. 2.0; P less than 0.01). Intrathyroidal lymphocyte subsets in the thyrotoxic patients were comparable to those in the hypothyroid patients. These findings, which are similar to those we previously obtained in patients with chronic Hashimoto's thyroiditis, may indicate that local synthesis of thyroid-directed autoantibodies is of primary importance in all stages of autoimmune thyroiditis. PMID- 6608530 TI - 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 induces maturation of the human monocyte cell line U937, and, in association with a factor from human T lymphocytes, augments production of the monokine, mononuclear cell factor. AB - The monocyte factor, interleukin 1, or other factors homologous with interleukin 1, modulates functions of a variety of cells, including T and B lymphocytes, synovial cells, and chondrocytes. We have reported that a human monocyte cell line, U937, produces interleukin 1 when incubated with a soluble factor from lectin-stimulated T lymphocytes. We have also shown that U937 cells have a specific cytosolic receptor for 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1 alpha,25[OH]2D3). We now report that 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3(10(-11)-10(-10) M) induces maturational changes in the U937 cells similar to those produced by conditioned medium from lectin-stimulated T lymphocytes (increase in Fc receptors and OKM1 binding and decrease in proliferation), but does not induce monokine production as measured by mononuclear cell factor activity. 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 is 200-300 fold more effective than 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, which is consistent with the known biological potency of these vitamin D3 metabolites. 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 and the lymphokine together markedly augment maturational effects and, in addition, augment monokine production. The specificity of the interaction is further demonstrated by the lack of augmentation of monokine production with 1 beta,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the presence of lymphokine. These interactions of a classical hormone and the hormonelike product(s) of the immune system with U937 cells serve as a model for human monocyte/macrophage differentiation and suggest a role for these interactions in some aspects of inflammation. PMID- 6608531 TI - The biology of tumor growth in the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. A dual parameter flow cytometry study of 220 cases. AB - Dual parameter flow cytometry studies (cell DNA content and electronic cell volume) were performed in 220 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. All cases were characterized as B or T cell malignancies, based on immunologic surface marker characteristics. Aneuploidy by flow cytometry was more common among the B cell lymphomas than among the T cell lymphomas, and was most common among the large B cell lymphomas and B cell lymphomas of intermediate size. Ploidy index distributions showed a prominent hyperdiploid peak, as well as tumor cell populations with near-tetraploid DNA contents. In serial studies, a decrease in ploidy index was observed in association with clinical and histologic transformation in one case. The highest S fractions were observed among the large and intermediate B cell lymphomas and among the aggressive T cell lymphomas. In clinical samples consisting of mixtures of diploid and aneuploid populations, the data on the aneuploid components could often be separated from other components of the mixture in multiparameter studies on the basis of the larger electronic cell volumes of the aneuploid cells. In each case, the aneuploid large cell component almost invariably had a higher S fraction than the residual component(s) of the mixture. Overall, the data are consistent with a model of clonal selection and clonal evolution in the lymphomas in which early cytogenetic abnormalities that involve little or no change in total cell DNA content are followed by cell tetraploidization that is associated with cytogenetic instability and chromosome loss over the course of time. PMID- 6608532 TI - Resorption of implanted bone prepared from normal and warfarin-treated rats. AB - Bone that was virtually depleted of the vitamin K-dependent protein, osteocalcin, and 93% reduced in the concentration of its characteristic amino acid, gamma carboxyglutamic acid, was obtained from rats treated with warfarin for 6 wk. Osteocalcin-deficient bone particles were resistant to resorption when implanted subcutaneously in normal rats. The relative resorption was 60% of control bone, as measured by histomorphometry as percent of bone particles in the field. Additionally, the number of multinucleated cells around the bone particles was reduced by 54%. These data suggest that osteocalcin is an essential component for bone matrix to elicit progenitor-cell recruitment and differentiation necessary for bone resorption. PMID- 6608533 TI - Vitamin D nutrition in pregnant women at term and in newly born babies in Saudi Arabia. AB - A survey to assess the vitamin D nutritional state in 119 pregnant women at term and in their newborns was undertaken in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Concentrations of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-(OH)D) were below 4 ng/ml in 30 of 119 maternal sera, in 11 of which they were undetectable. The median concentration of 25-(OH)D was 5.7 ng/ml, which is comparable to that found in Asian vegetarian women at term in London. Fifty of 119 cord samples had undetectable 25-(OH)D, and a total of 81 samples had 25-(OH)D concentrations of less than 4 ng/ml. Despite the low 25 (OH)D concentrations cord bloods had calcium concentrations higher than those in maternal blood, while serum albumin concentration was similar in maternal and cord samples. Higher socioeconomic background of women, antenatal care, and vitamin D supplementation were associated with significantly higher concentrations of 25-(OH)D. Vitamin D supplementation, however, had no significant effect on 25-(OH)D concentration in cord samples or on the weight of the newborns. This study shows the high prevalence of marginal vitamin D nutrition in women in Saudi Arabia, which may predispose babies to rickets during infancy. In a country endowed with plentiful sunshine, the exclusion of sunshine by thick dark veils and bad housing probably contribute to this marginal state of vitamin D nutrition. PMID- 6608535 TI - EM reconstruction algorithms for emission and transmission tomography. AB - Two proposed likelihood models for emission and transmission image reconstruction accurately incorporate the Poisson nature of photon counting noise and a number of other relevant physical features. As in most algebraic schemes, the region to be reconstructed is divided into small pixels. For each pixel a concentration or attenuation coefficient must be estimated. In the maximum likelihood approach these parameters are estimated by maximizing the likelihood (probability of the observations). EM algorithms are iterative techniques for finding maximum likelihood estimates. In this paper we discuss the general principles behind all EM algorithms and derive in detail the specific algorithms for emission and transmission tomography. The virtues of the EM algorithms include (a) accurate incorporation of a good physical model, (b) automatic inclusion of non-negativity constraints on all parameters, (c) an excellent measure of the quality of a reconstruction, and (d) global convergence to a single vector of parameter estimates. We discuss the specification of necessary physical features such as source and detector geometries. Actual reconstructions are deferred to a later time. PMID- 6608534 TI - Relation of target encounter and neuronal death to nerve growth factor responsiveness in the developing mouse trigeminal ganglion. AB - An aim of this study was to define precisely the period in the developmental history of primary sensory neurons during which nerve growth factor (NGF) exerts its growth-promoting effect. The mouse trigeminal ganglion and its peripheral projection were studied at closely staged intervals throughout development using light and electron microscopy, and the influence of NGF and anti-NGF antiserum on neurite outgrowth from ganglion explants was investigated at corresponding stages in culture. By embryonic day 9.5 (E9.5) peripheral fibers were first visible and increased in number until E13. Throughout this period in vitro neurites grew in the presence of anti-NGF. Peripheral fibers initially contacted the epithelium of the mandibular process by E10.5 and the maxillary process by E11. This coincided with the stage in vitro during which the magnitude of neurite outgrowth was significantly increased by NGF. The development of this response was independent of target encounter since it occurred in neurons which had not contacted their targets prior to explantation. There was an approximate one-to-one relationship between the number of neurons in the ganglion and peripheral fibers throughout development. A peak of some 44,400 fibers and 42,600 neurons was reached by E13 and fell to 20,800 and 19,000, respectively, by birth. Neurite outgrowth was elicited by NGF throughout the period of neuronal death. It is argued that the time course of the influence of NGF is consistent with a role as a selective maintenance factor but not as an agent directing initial outgrowth. PMID- 6608536 TI - Milk trypsin-inhibitor capacity as an indicator of bovine mastitis--a novel principle which can be automated. AB - As mastitis is associated with leakage of small molecular weight plasma proteins, such as alpha 1-antitrypsin, into milk, this antitrypsin can be used as an indicator of mastitis. A colorimetric procedure was developed for large scale monitoring of milk antitrypsin activity, using microtitration plates and the Multiskan system. The effect of stage of lactation and age of the cow on the antitrypsin concentration and its interrelationship with other mastitis indicators (bovine serum albumin (BSA), somatic cell count) was analysed by computer programs on 1029 cows. Milk antitrypsin activity was high after parturition owing to colostral inhibitors. After the first month of lactation the assay measures only blood-derived antitrypsin and is a good indicator for detecting an increased permeability between blood and milk due to mastitis. Increasing lactation number only slightly affected the antitrypsin and BSA concentrations whereas somatic cell content was markedly affected. PMID- 6608537 TI - Some statistical data, diagnosis, and staging of cutaneous B-cell lymphomas. AB - Cutaneous B-cell lymphomas represent a considerable number of skin lymphomas (about one-third) primarily showing skin manifestation without any extranodal involvement detectable using routine and special staging procedures. Differentiation from cutaneous T-cell lymphomas can be achieved clinically; histologically, due to the distinct growth pattern in the skin; and by immuno- or enzymophenotyping of the proliferating cells. Further differentiation of subtypes of cutaneous B-cell lymphomas is based primarily on cytomorphologic phenotyping of the cells. Classification of B-cell lymphomas with "primary" cutaneous manifestation according to the TNM system discloses a more adequate basis for prognostic and therapeutic considerations than the Ann Arbor classification for nodal lymphomas. PMID- 6608538 TI - Histomorphology and cytomorphology of cutaneous B-cell lymphomas. AB - This article summarizes the conceptual and morphologic background for the diagnosis of cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (CBCL). The architectural pattern of the infiltrate and cytomorphology can indicate the B-cell nature of a skin lymphoma. Virtually all types of B-cell lymphomas, including pre-B-cell lymphoma; Burkitt like lymphoma; malignant lymphoma, small lymphocytic; the many forms of germinal center cell-derived lymphomas; immunocytoma; plasmacytoma; and immunoblastic lymphoma (B type)-may involve the skin and can be classified according to modern lymphoma classifications. PMID- 6608539 TI - Differentiation between malignant B-cell lymphomas and pseudolymphomas of the skin. AB - Among cutaneous pseudolymphomas (PL) in a strict sense, in which the etiology is largely unknown, B-cell types, simulating malignant B-cell lymphoma, and T-cell types, simulating malignant T-cell lymphoma of the skin, can be differentiated. Criteria favoring a pseudolymphomatous rather than a malignant lymphoid infiltrate of B-cell type may be clinical (solitary lesion on the head), histologic (wedge-shaped infiltrate with follicle formation and sharply demarcated germinal centers), or cytomorphologic (polymorphous infiltrate showing an admixture of great numbers of macrophages, plasma cells, and eosinophils). Additional information can be provided by enzymophenotyping of the cells, showing the typical starry-sky pattern of the macrophages in pseudolymphomatous infiltrates, and by the demonstration of the polyclonality of the lymphoid cells in pseudolymphomas with respect to surface markers and intracytoplasmatic Ig production, as shown by immunophenotyping techniques. PMID- 6608540 TI - Skin involvement of malignant B-cell lymphomas. AB - In 1186 patients with systemic malignant B-cell lymphomas, the skin was involved in 6.17% of low-grade malignant, 9.7% of medium-grade malignant, and 7.4% of high grade malignant lymphomas. Skin involvement is associated with an impaired prognosis in malignant B-cell lymphomas, with the exception of medium-grade malignant lymphomas. PMID- 6608541 TI - Germinal center cell-derived lymphomas of the skin. AB - Germinal center cell-derived (GCC) malignant lymphomas are B-cell tumors that represent neoplastic equivalents of normal lymphoid follicles. These lymphomas include, in the Kiel classification, three main types: centrocytic lymphoma, centroblastic-centrocytic lymphoma, and centroblastic lymphoma. We have diagnosed 13 cases of germinal center cell-derived cutaneous lymphomas among 178 evaluated malignant lymphomas of the skin. Some clinical, histologic, and immunologic aspects are discussed in this article. PMID- 6608542 TI - Isolated B-cell lymphoma of the skin. PMID- 6608543 TI - Alkaline phosphatase activity in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and pseudolymphomas of the skin. AB - Alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity was studied histochemically in 60 non Hodgkin lymphomas and 10 pseudolymphomas of the skin. Among the 37 B-cell lymphomas, membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase activity was demonstrated in 8 cases. In none of the 23 cutaneous T-cell lymphomas studied could membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase be detected. Among the pseudolymphomas, 2 cases revealed alkaline phosphatase activity. It was not possible to draw any particular clinically significant conclusions from the membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase reactions. Looking for the microenvironmental conditions of lymphoproliferative processes in the skin, alkaline phosphatase-positive capillaries were seen predominantly in the T-cell lymphomas. The stromal reaction showing a proliferation of alkaline phosphatase-positive fibroblasts was more pronounced in cutaneous B-cell lymphomas. In conclusion, membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase in lymphoproliferative processes in the skin, as in the lymph node, characterize a distinct group of B lymphocytes related to follicle center cells. The clinical relevance of this finding remains to be determined. PMID- 6608544 TI - Cells reactive with anti-T-cell monoclonal antibodies in malignant cutaneous B cell lymphomas and pseudolymphomas. PMID- 6608545 TI - Analysis of non-neoplastic cells in cutaneous B-cell lymphomas. PMID- 6608546 TI - Improved regional ventricular function after successful surgical revascularization. AB - Left ventricular segments with reversible asynergy at rest demonstrate reversible myocardial perfusion defects on exercise thallium-201 scintigrams. To determine if improved perfusion eliminates asynergy at rest, 23 patients with angina (stable in 21, unstable in 2) were studied before and after coronary artery bypass surgery. All patients underwent exercise myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, contrast ventriculography and coronary arteriography before and after surgery. Selective graft angiography was performed during the postoperative catheterization to determine graft patency. Segmental ventricular function was quantitated by a regional fraction method. The scintigrams were divided into five regions and compared with the corresponding regions of the ventriculogram. Seventy-one of a possible 142 ventricular segments exhibited exercise-induced perfusion deficits. Preoperative regional ejection fraction was normal in 42 of these segments and abnormal in 29. Postoperatively, in 19 of the abnormal segments, function improved or normalized. All these segments had improved perfusion during exercise after surgery and were supplied by a patent bypass graft. Nine of the 10 segments in which abnormal wall motion persisted postoperatively continued to have exercise-induced perfusion deficits, and 9 of the 10 segments were supplied by an occluded or stenotic graft or one with poor run off. Of the 42 segments with normal wall motion preoperatively, 30 had improved perfusion after surgery and 35 maintained normal function. This study indicates that asynergy at rest is permanently reversed after coronary bypass surgery if improved myocardial perfusion can be documented. These findings are consistent with but do not prove the concept that reversible rest asynergy may reflect chronic ischemia or a prolonged effect from previous ischemic episodes. PMID- 6608547 TI - Myocardial infarction in patients with previous coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - An increasing proportion of patients hospitalized with myocardial infarction have previously undergone coronary artery bypass surgery. To define this subgroup, 77 patients with acute infarction occurring 2 or more months (mean 52.8) after bypass surgery were compared with 77 control patients with infarction. Baseline characteristics of the groups were similar except that post-bypass patients were more often men (p = 0.02) and more likely to have had a previous infarction (37 versus 21, p = 0.008). Infarct size was smaller in the post-bypass group as assessed by peak creatine kinase (CK), peak CK-MB, maximal number of electrocardiographic leads with ST elevation, maximal summed ST elevation and QRS score measured 7 to 10 days after admission (p less than 0.001 for each variable). Five control patients but none of the post-bypass patients died in the hospital (p = 0.06). Serious complications (death, acute heart failure, ventricular fibrillation, second or third degree atrioventricular block) occurred in 24 control patients but in only 5 post-bypass patients (p less than 0.001). Angiography was performed after infarction in 45 of the 77 post-bypass patients. Occlusion of both a native coronary artery and its graft was found in 24 of the 45; these patients had had higher peak CK levels (p = 0.008) than the other 21 patients who had angiography. The probable causes of infarction in these 21 were disease progression in nonbypassed arteries or graft occlusion with arterial stenosis, or vice versa, and disease progression distal to a patent graft.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6608548 TI - Quantitative analysis of seven-pinhole tomographic thallium-201 scintigrams: improved sensitivity and estimation of the extent of coronary involvement by evaluation of radiotracer uptake and clearance. AB - Recent studies have shown that the sensitivity of conventional thallium-201 scintigraphy can be increased by the quantitative assessment of myocardial radiotracer clearance rates in conjunction with the evaluation of radionuclide uptake. In this study, a similar analysis of tomographic scintigrams was performed to determine the feasibility and value of this approach, particularly in estimating the extent of disease and detecting three vessel coronary involvement. Seventy patients undergoing cardiac catheterization for chest pain were studied by exercise and 3 hour delayed thallium-201 scintigrams using the seven-pinhole tomographic technique. Each study was evaluated by visual inspection of the tomographic sections and quantitative analysis. The latter approach consisted of comparing circumferential profiles of the initial post exercise radionuclide uptake and the 3 hour clearance rates generated from each of three left ventricular slices with similar profiles representing the lower 95% confidence limits derived from 15 middle-aged volunteers. An abnormality was considered present when a patient's profile fell below these limits for a 30 degrees arc, and was ascribed to disease in a particular artery when it involved that vessel's usual distribution. Among the 61 patients without apparent primary myocardial or valvular disease, the diagnostic sensitivity of thallium scintigraphy was increased from 86% (43 of 50) to 96% (48 of 50) without a change in specificity (both 9 of 11 or 82%). More importantly, the quantitative approach permitted detection of 85% (107 of 126) of significantly obstructed coronary vessels compared with 47% (59 of 126) by visual analysis (p less than 0.001), again without sacrificing specificity (85 versus 87%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6608549 TI - Development and comparative evaluation of a multiple-antigen RAST as a screening test for inhalant allergy. AB - We have developed a modified in vitro test for IgE antibodies, the multi-RAST, to detect antibodies of different allergen specificities simultaneously in a single tube. The multi-RAST is as sensitive for detecting low concentrations of individual IgE antibodies as the discrete RAST. We also evaluated the multi-RAST as a screening test for respiratory allergy to inhalant allergens in children by comparing the results of the multi-RAST performed by use of a mixture of SRP, TGP, and DF allergen-immunosorbents with the results of skin tests, discrete RAST tests for the same allergens, serum total IgE concentrations, and nasal smears for eosinophils in 100 children referred for allergic-disease evaluation. The results of the multi-RAST were more sensitive, specific, and efficient than the results of tests for serum IgE concentration and nasal eosinophils in establishing the diagnosis of inhalant allergy; the multi-RAST was the only diagnostic test that yielded results that were significantly associated with the clinician's impression of allergy. We conclude that the multi-RAST is a useful and cost-effective screening test for inhalant allergy in children. PMID- 6608550 TI - The immune status of healthy centenarians. AB - The immune status of 17 healthy individuals 100-103 years of age (centenarians) was investigated. Qualitative values for immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, IgA, and IgE were within normal ranges for subjects more than 60 years of age with the exception of elevated IgM in one individual. Cell marker studies employing a panel of 27 monoclonal antibodies delineating T and B lymphocytes, monocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes, and functional and developmental subsets of each were performed to phenotype the peripheral blood leukocytes. Although the total lymphocyte count was normal in every subject, the numbers of T4-positive helper-inducer T lymphocytes were profoundly depressed, as were responses to the mitogen phytohemagglutinin and interleukin-2 production. Activated immature T lymphocytes and the number of cells bearing the phenotype of natural killer cells were increased, but natural killer cell activity was normal. Early B lymphocytes were also increased. The relative concentration of monocytes was normal. Taken together these findings indicate that the immune system in centenarians is similar to that in younger but still elderly individuals, i.e., discriminating T lymphoid functions are reduced in association with an apparent failure of some T, B, and natural killer cells to differentiate to functional maturity. PMID- 6608551 TI - The effect of electrical stimulation on wound healing in diabetic mice. PMID- 6608552 TI - [Gardnerella vaginalis. Frequency of its isolation from women complaining of leukorrhea]. AB - A study was carried out on 131 vaginal swabs that were taken from 98 women who had a discharge and 33 women who were asymptomatic to determine the frequency in which Gardnerella vaginalis was discovered. This study shows that this bacteria is the only micro-organism that is found in a significantly higher number of women with nonspecific discharges (37%) than in those who have no discharge (9.1%). These results, while they do not show that Gardnerella vaginalis is the only aetiological factor in nonspecific vaginitis, do underline that it is a factor in thinking about such a syndrome and therefore it should be looked for by the laboratory and by the doctor treating patients. PMID- 6608553 TI - Adenosine analogue induced ultrastructural changes in the nucleolus that correlate with inhibition of ribosomal RNA processing. AB - The aminonucleotide of puromycin (AMS) is known to have a differential effect on ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis and the cell-cycle traverse in normal as compared to neoplastic or virally transformed cells. In this study, AMS and its demethylated derivative, 3'-amino-3'-deoxyadenosine (3'-AmA) have been used to compare their effects on normal (IMR 90) versus transformed (AG 2804) human fibroblasts with regard to preribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) transcription, the processing of this RNA, and structural changes in the nucleolus. The processing of pre-rRNA in normal and transformed fibroblasts treated with 3'-AmA for 4 hr was markedly depressed. However, this process did not appear to be affected by the AMS treatment of normal cells, while in transformed cells it was maximally inhibited within 4 hr of exposure to this drug. Ultrastructural changes were observed in the nucleoli of normal and transformed cells treated with 3'-AmA, whereas treatment of these cells with AMS produced alterations of nucleolar structure only in the transformed cells. These changes correlated with the onset of inhibition of pre-rRNA processing. Our findings suggest that the impairment of pre-rRNA processing produced by AMS and 3'-AmA in transformed cells and by 3'-AmA in normal cells may be due to structural disorganization of the nucleolus produced by these antimetabolites. PMID- 6608554 TI - The influence of common variables on T cell subset analysis by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Normal values for T cell subsets as defined by the most commonly used monoclonal antibodies of the OKT series were determined in a group of 142 unrelated normal individuals. In most age classes females had significantly greater portions of OKT3 and OKT4 antigen bearing lymphocytes and accordingly a higher T4/T8 index. The range of individual normal values within the control population was remarkably wide. Intra-individual differences between the T subset composition remained rather constant over a period of 2 months. Time of day, food absorption and physical exercise had no influence on the results of subset analyses. Storage of the blood sample and freezing of isolated lymphocytes can result in significantly reduced OKT3 and OKT4 positive cell numbers. If lymphocytes were isolated soon after the blood was taken and resuspended in a stabilization medium they exhibited only minimal change. PMID- 6608555 TI - Mycoplasma contamination: a hazard of screening hybridoma supernatants for inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation. AB - We have utilized a functional screen, inhibition of proliferation of mitogen activated lymphocytes, in an attempt to obtain monoclonal antibodies to soluble mediators of immune responses and to the receptors for such mediators. We have found that contamination of hybridoma cell lines with certain species of mycoplasma can interfere with such a screen. By consuming thymidine, mycoplasma can either mimic the effect of antibodies that inhibit lymphocyte proliferation or obscure the presence of antibodies that stimulate or enhance proliferation. PMID- 6608557 TI - Production of antibody by human B cells under serum-free conditions. AB - A method is described for growing human B cells in 20 microliter hanging drops in Terasaki plates under serum-free conditions. B cell proliferation and differentiation has a critical dependence for added soybean lipid, while T cell proliferation does not. In this medium, pokeweed mitogen stimulation of separated human B cells induces high levels of immunoglobulin in a T dependent manner. Cells from donors vaccinated with tetanus toxoid and shown to be responders by a conventional culture system, produce high levels of IgG anti-tetanus antibody after antigen stimulation in these serum-free microcultures. The serum free culture system has the novel features of high sensitivity to dose of mitogen or antigen, low background responses and high antibody production with low cell numbers. PMID- 6608556 TI - Murine B cell lymphopoiesis in long term culture. AB - A method is described for establishing continuous cultures of early B lymphocytes from mouse bone marrow. Total bone marrow elements are cultured at 37 degrees C in medium containing 5% fetal calf serum and 10(-5) M 2-mercaptoethanol. Under these conditions, adherent bone marrow cells grow to confluency by 2-3 weeks and provide a feeder layer on which the growth of the B lymphocytes depends. Lymphoid cell growth becomes apparent by 3-5 weeks. Such cultures are a rich source of pre B cells, B cells and potentially stem cell-like elements capable of immunoglobulin gene rearrangement. The procedures for initiating and maintaining the bone marrow cultures are described in detail as are the phases of growth through which the cultures should progress. Also included are methods for preparing and manipulating low cell-density feeder layers, on which B cell populations can be expanded, and a method for obtaining pre-B and B cell clonal lines. The lymphoid cells which are obtained from these cultures early after establishment (3-8 weeks) are predominantly pre-B cells which can serve as targets for transformation by Abelson murine leukemia virus. Cells obtained from older cultures (3-6 months) frequently are B cells that express both membrane IgM and IgD. The numbers of cells which can be obtained from these mass cultures and clonal lines are sufficient to analyze the molecular processes involved in B cell maturation, virus transformation and antigen activation. PMID- 6608558 TI - Stimulation of mouse bone marrow cell membrane glycoconjugate synthesis by colony stimulating factor (CSF): basis for a rapid, simple assay for CSF. AB - A new method is presented for assaying mouse colony stimulating factor (CSF) based on the presumption that one of the earliest events after the induction of differentiation or maturation is an increase in synthesis and/or turnover of glycoconjugates in the target cell plasma membranes which may be detected as an increase in incorporation of [3H]galactose into acid precipitates of these cells. Using mouse bone marrow cells cultured in microtiter plates, we show that addition of CSF indeed results in dose-dependent stimulation of incorporation of galactose into their membrane glycoconjugates. Maximum stimulation of galactose incorporation occurs between 16 and 24 h of culture in the presence of CSF. A comparison of the standard colony test with the galactose incorporation assay showed similar dose-response patterns with 2 different CSFs. In a 3-step separation of bone marrow cells, there was a parallel enrichment of target cells for both assays. Furthermore, [3H]galactose-labeled marrow cells from our assay formed a discrete subpopulation which banded at a density of 1.065 g/cm3 on a linear gradient, and which contained all the identifiable CFU-c when further cultured in soft agar. The galactose incorporation assay does not require special medium or serum, and is simpler and quicker than the colony test. In comparative experiments it is demonstrated that this new 24 h assay is also reliable for screening CSF during purification procedures. PMID- 6608559 TI - Antigen binding to lymphoid cells of unimmunized mice. V. Use of pure in vitro colony-derived cell populations in studies of the identification and clonal distribution of multiple antigen-binding cells. AB - In order to determine the cell type responsible for the antigen-binding reaction in the bone marrow and spleen of mice, cells derived from pure in vitro derived colonies of neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophage-megakaryocytes and B lymphocytes were tested for their ability to bind fluorescent protein antigens. Only B lymphocytes bound antigen. An unexpectedly high percentage of bone marrow B lymphocytes (20%) bound a given antigen. This frequency was considerably higher than that found for spleen cells. As might be expected from such high binding frequencies, some cells bound two fluorchromated antigens when these are added together. As a direct test of the clonality of antigen binding to bone marrow B lymphocytes, whole colonies of B cells were tested for antigen binding of two non cross-reacting protein antigens. The frequency of antigen-binding clones, including double antigen-binding clones, reflects exactly the frequencies observed for dispersed colony B cells and for in vivo derived Ig-bearing bone marrow B cells. The frequency of double antigen-binding colonies was equal to the product of the frequencies of the colonies binding each of the two antigens alone. No 'mixed' colonies containing single binding cells for each antigen were found. Thus, the ability to bind any two given antigens is a clonally distributed property of the bone marrow B lymphocyte population. Heterogenous receptors for multiple antigen binding on each cell are either randomly distributed among the B cell population, or homogenous antigen-binding receptors on each cell have a random chance of cross-reaction with the two antigens tested. PMID- 6608560 TI - Antigen binding to lymphoid cells from unimmunized mice. VI. Specificity of purified multiple antigen-binding cells. AB - In order to determine the specificity of antigen binding by double antigen binding lymphocytes obtained from mouse bone marrow and spleen, three types of experiments were performed (1) a high excess of unlabelled antigen was tested for its ability to inhibit the binding of unrelated antigen to both single and double antigen-binding cells; (2) polyvalent anti-mouse immunoglobulin was assessed for its ability to inhibit antigen binding; and (3) the ability of one antigen to co cap (or codistribute) with either another antigen or anti-immunoglobulin was studied to determine the spatial relationship of these components on the cell membrane. In order to study an adequate number of double ABC, these cells were enriched by using NIP-specific ABC as a starting population. The data indicate that double antigen binding occurs via independent immunoglobulin cell surface receptors which can be spatially separated from one another under appropriate capping conditions. PMID- 6608561 TI - Antigen binding to lymphoid cells from unimmunized mice. VII. Restriction of antigen-binding capacity by maturing B lymphocytes. AB - Neonatal spleen populations have been studied for antigen-binding capacity in an attempt to determine if the frequency of double antigen-binding cells changes as the population matures. Just after birth, the frequencies of total ABC, double ABC and Ig-bearing cells were similar to the frequencies seen in the adult bone marrow. During the first week after birth, the proportion of total ABC and Ig bearing cells rose sharply so that by 8 days after birth, these cells were about half of adult levels. The proportion of total double ABC, after a brief rise at day 1, remained constant throughout the test period. Thus, the proportion of total ABC which are doubles gradually decreases with age. Sedimentation velocity studies indicate that double ABC's tend to co-sediment with cells which require a period of maturation before they can respond to a thymus-independent antigen in irradiated hosts. Single ABC, on the other hand, tend to co-sediment with cells which are immediately responsive to antigen, or require a shorter maturational period before they become responsive to antigen. All of these data, taken together with our other work, suggest the possibility that multiple ABC are clonally-derived lymphocyte populations which become more restricted in their antigen-binding capacity as they mature. PMID- 6608562 TI - Circulating T6 antigen positive cells. PMID- 6608564 TI - Meeting report on T-cell colony growth in semisolid media: significance and possible applications. AB - The First International Workshop on T-cell colonies in semisolid media has released some important applications of the method: (a) it should be a very useful tool for the study of the different steps of T-cell differentiation and their control mechanisms; (b) it may provide methods for the induction and initial cloning of functional subsets of mature T cells before subsequent expansion in liquid culture; (c) such cloned T cells may be used not only as a source of functional cells and lymphokines, but also to screen otherwise undetected subgroups of the major histo-compatibility complex as well, hopefully for immunotherapy of malignancies and autoimmune or infectious diseases; (d) the study of lymphocyte colony formation should be complementary to investigations dealing with other lineage precursors (CFU-GM, BFU-E, CFU-E, CFU-Meg) for the monitoring of hemopoiesis in a variety of immunohematological disorders. PMID- 6608563 TI - Self-renewal and maturation of immature T-cell progenitors within PHA-induced agar T-cell colonies. AB - T-cell colonies derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells plated in agar with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) contain about 5-7% E-, OKT3-, OKT6-, TdT-, SIg- cells phenotypically similar to bone marrow precursors since they are also RFB1+, OKT10+, HLA-DR+, and PNA+. These cells can generate secondary E+, OKT3+ T-cell colonies when replated in the presence of both PHA and a colony-promoting activity distinct from the T-cell growth factor, Interleukin 2. These observations suggest that E-, OKT3- cells detected in primary PHA-induced T-cell colonies belong to a pool of prethymic cells which are able to mature into T lymphocytes of T4 and T8 type in the absence of the thymic microenvironment. PMID- 6608565 TI - The development of a microassay for human committed progenitor cells. AB - A microassay for human committed progenitor cells (CFU-c) has been developed using 24-well, 16 mm diameter culture dishes. Comparisons were made of simultaneous cultures of 21 samples in both 35 mm and 16 mm culture dishes employing two sources of colony-stimulating factor (CSF). The microassay does not differ significantly from the standard 1 ml 35 mm assay, apart from some enhancement of colony numbers in the 16 mm dish. Other advantages of the microassay are that it is economical with respect to cells, media, and space; and it is possible to increase the number of experiments fivefold which can be performed with the same number of cells. PMID- 6608566 TI - [Successful hemodialysis in acute renal failure following open heart surgery]. PMID- 6608567 TI - [Adverse effects of anti-inflammatory analgesics and penicillins]. PMID- 6608568 TI - A human natural killer cell-associated antigen defined by monoclonal antibody anti-Leu (NKP-15): functional and two-color flow cytometry analysis. AB - A monoclonal antibody, anti-Leu 11a (NPK-15), was generated against human large granular lymphocytes (LGL). Anti-Leu 11a reacted with the majority of Percoll gradient-enriched LGL cells, a subpopulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) approx (approximately 10-20%), and most granulocytes, but not with a significant number of monocytes, T lymphocytes, or erythrocytes. Cell sorting experiments demonstrated that the Leu 11a+ population encompassed essentially all functional natural killer (NK) cells in the peripheral blood. Two-color flow cytometry analysis of PBL populations stained with anti-Leu 11a and anti-Leu 7 revealed the existence of four distinct populations: Leu 11a-, 7+; Leu 11a+, 7-; Leu 11a+, 7+; and Leu 11a-, 7-. The Leu 11a+ population did not appear to include cells marked with the T cell-associated antigens Leu 1, Leu 2, or Leu 3. The existence of a cell surface antigen common to granulocytes and NK cells, which is capable of distinguishing subpopulations of Leu 7+ cells, provides a useful probe to analyze the nature of the NK lineage. PMID- 6608569 TI - Macrophage-derived growth factor for fibroblasts and Interleukin-1 are distinct entities. AB - P388D1, a mouse macrophagelike cell line, was adapted to grow continuously in an unsupplemented, serum-free culture medium and continued to elaborate substances that were mitogenic for quiescent mouse fibroblasts (BALB/c 3T3 cells) and for thymocytes suboptimally stimulated with lectins. We have previously described [37] the fibroblast mitogenic activity as a macrophage-derived competence factor (MDCF). Serum-free, macrophage-conditioned culture medium was concentrated 1,000 fold by a combination of ultrafiltration (hollow fiber) and lyophilization. Concentrates of medium were subjected to gel filtration (Sephadex G-75 or G-150), and the fractions were assayed for mitogenic activity (MDCF) on density-arrested BALB/c 3T3 cells and for Interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity in suboptimally stimulated (Con A) mouse thymocytes. The apparent molecular weight (MW) of MDCF activity was estimated at 56,000 daltons, whereas the peak of IL-1 chromatographed at an apparent MW of 14-16K daltons. There was no detectable IL-1 activity in the MDCF fractions and no detectable MDCF in the IL-1 fractions. These data indicate that P388D1 cells produce both MDCF and IL-1 activities under continuous serum-free conditions and that the two activities are not identical. Stimulation of responsive mononuclear phagocytes with lipopolysaccharide and/or lymphokine-rich supernates resulted in a differential modulation of MDCF and IL-1 activities. Finally, antibody-purified IL-1 had no significant ability to stimulate DNA synthesis in quiescent fibroblasts at concentrations that were mitogenic for thymocytes. However, IL-1 did augment the mitogenic activity of suboptimal amounts of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), another competence factor. Further studies revealed that neither the generation nor the activity of MDCF was modulated by the presence of various inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes. PMID- 6608571 TI - Effects of naloxone and electroacupuncture treatment on plasma concentrations of LH in sheep. AB - Mature ewes were injected intravenously with the opioid antagonist naloxone (1.1 mg/kg) during the breeding season. Ewes with luteal phase concentrations of plasma progesterone responded with a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in plasma LH 14-23 min after naloxone injection. In contrast, non-luteal ewes with low plasma progesterone did not respond to injection of naloxone with an LH increase. Similar treatment of castrated males (wethers) with this dosage of naloxone failed to increase plasma LH. Electroacupuncture (EA) treatment of luteal phase ewes prevented the ability of exogenous naloxone to increase plasma LH. Treatment of wethers by EA decreased significantly (P less than 0.01) their high basal concentrations of plasma LH, but similar EA treatment of intact ewes did not change their low basal concentrations of LH. PMID- 6608570 TI - Chemiluminescence and lymphocyte proliferation: parallelism in collaboration between subpopulations of thymus cells for both types of responses. AB - Rat thymocytes respond to exposure to phytomitogens by oxidant generation as detected by chemiluminescence in presence of luminol. Maximal chemiluminescent response to a wide variety of plant lectins was obtained only after the cells had been incubated for 18 hours at 37 degrees C but not at 4 degrees C. This temperature dependence and the necessity for intact protein-and RNA-synthetic machinery during the incubation period indicate the occurrence of differentiation of thymocytes as they develop the capacity for chemiluminescent response. Furthermore, adherent-phagocytic cells play an essential collaborative role during this differentiation. A remarkable parallelism was shown to exist in the capacity of a cell subset to respond to concanavalin A by DNA synthesis and the ability of the same subset to respond by chemiluminescence. The latest sedimenting small lymphocytes after velocity sedimentation of thymus cells develop the capacity for DNA-synthetic as well as chemiluminescent responses to concanavalin A only if allowed to collaborate with a population of early sedimenting adherent-phagocytic cells. PMID- 6608572 TI - Effect of tri-iodothyronine on normal human lymphocyte function. AB - The effect of excessive tri-iodothyronine (T3) in vivo was assessed using normal human lymphocytes. Cells from normal subjects were frozen in liquid nitrogen before and after oral administration of T3 for 1 week to permit a direct comparison under identical culture conditions. Within the group of individuals studied, some subjects did show changes in B or T cell function but hypertri iodothyroninaemia produced no consistent effect for the whole group on circulating T cell subsets or T and B cell activation measured by short-term culture or stimulation of lymphocyte cultures with phytohaemagglutinin or pokeweed mitogen. Tri-iodothyronine supplementation of cultures in vitro did not affect pokeweed mitogen stimulation. These findings suggest that the immunological abnormalities in Graves' disease are not the result of increased circulating thyroid hormone levels and that remission following medical treatment is due to an immuno-suppressive effect of the drug rather than the restoration of euthyroidism. PMID- 6608573 TI - Coeliac disease in the Rehovot-Ashdod region of Israel: incidence and ethnic distribution. AB - The data from a large group of children with biopsy proved coeliac disease born in the Rehovot-Ashdod region of Israel and treated in a regional hospital provided us with the basis for the determination of the annual birth cohort incidence of coeliac disease for the period 1968-81. The findings show a minimum birth cohort incidence of 1.71/1000 live births. The highest incidence rate was in children of Asian origin and the lowest in second generation Israel born. The incidence of coeliac disease rose sharply during the study period. PMID- 6608574 TI - Precocious and enhanced functional maturation of B lineage cells in New Zealand Black mice during embryonic development. AB - Previous reports suggest that large numbers of immunoglobulin-secreting cells appear in tissues of NZB strain mice from the time of birth. In this study, we investigated the development of B lineage cells during embryonic life and found that they were present 2-3 d earlier and in higher numbers in NZB embryos than several other strains of mice. That is, liver cell suspensions from NZB embryos contained larger numbers of surface Ig (sIg)- cells that could form B cell colonies in mitogen-dependent semisolid agar culture. Sephadex G-10-adherent cell depletion diminished numbers of colonies and this was partially restored by addition of humoral factors. The latter were partially purified from serum of very young NZB mice. These findings document that abnormal changes take place in B lineage cells and possibly also in cells that regulate their maturation in NZB strain mice at a very early stage of development. PMID- 6608575 TI - Induction of idiotope suppression in the anti-azophenylarsonate response of T depleted A/J mice. AB - The homologous, monoclonal antiidiotope, MB, induced idiotope suppression that was remarkably stable and could be transferred by B lymphocytes. Marked depletion of T cell function, confirmed by limiting diluting analysis, did not affect the ability of MB to suppress the corresponding idiotope. Suppression induced by MB appears to result from direct interaction with idiotope-positive B cells, without the intervention of idiotope-specific T suppressor cells. PMID- 6608576 TI - A new differentiation antigen (FT-1) shared with fetal thymocytes and leukemic cells in the mouse. AB - A mouse monoclonal antibody (IgM) was obtained by cell hybridization between X63 Ag8.653 myeloma cells and spleen cells from a BALB mouse that was immunized with GRSL leukemia cells of the GR strain. This antibody identified a unique fetal antigen, which is expressed exclusively on embryonic thymocytes of all strains tested. Therefore, the antigen defined was named fetal thymus antigen-1, FT-1. The proportion of FT-1+ fetal thymocytes detected by immunofluorescence assay sharply decreases as gestation time increases, and finally they disappear from the thymus. On the other hand, Thy-1+ cells increase in inverse proportion. The immunofluorescence studies and absorption tests showed that FT-1 antigen is not detectable on brain, liver, kidney, or lymphoid tissue cells of adult mice. However, it is expressed on some leukemia cells of various mouse strains, which demonstrated that this is the first example of an oncofetal antigen of a mouse leukemia. The molecular weight of FT-1 antigen on leukemia cells was estimated to be 130,000 by means of biosynthetic labeling with [3H]galactose and [35S]methionine. The two-dimensional gel electrophoresis pattern of FT-1 antigen shows a family of glycoproteins with extensive charge heterogeneity. It was also shown that the FT-1 antigen molecule carries the receptor for DBA lectin. PMID- 6608577 TI - Phorbol myristate acetate induction of lymphotoxins from continuous human B lymphoid cell lines in vitro. AB - The phorbol ester 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) was studied for its ability to induce increased lymphotoxin (LT) production from a number of continuous human B lymphoblastoid cell lines that spontaneously release low levels of LT in vitro. A 5-20-fold increase in LT production was seen when all seven of these cell lines were cocultured with 20 ng/ml PMA for 72 h under serum free conditions in 0.1% lactalbumin hydrolysate. One cell line, GM3104A, was cloned and repeatedly selected to obtain a high-level LT producer in the presence of PMA. This subline, termed IR 3.4, spontaneously released the alpha-LT molecular weight (MW) class; however, upon PMA stimulation it released high levels of alpha and an unrelated beta-LT MW class form. The increased amounts of LT released in the presence of PMA by IR 3.4 lymphoid cells provides a new method for the production of large amounts of alpha-LT for purification from a single cell source for biochemical and functional studies, and indicates that the type of induction signal may influence the type of LT released. PMID- 6608578 TI - Chronic lead administration in neonatal rats: electron microscopy of the retina. AB - The morphologic effects on the retina resulting from chronic lead exposure were assessed in neonatal rats. Newborn rats nursed from dams were given a low (0.115%) or a high (4.5%) concentration of lead in their diet. At day 21 the pups were weaned to the mother's diet. The retinas of the pups were studied by electron microscopy at various ages up to day 60. High and low lead concentrations produced necrosis of photoreceptor cells and cells of the inner nuclear layer. The high lead concentration, in addition, was associated with swelling of endothelial cells of the retinal vessels and narrowing of the lumen. Increased permeability of the retinal vessels and pigment epithelium to horseradish peroxidase was also observed under the high-dose condition. The authors conclude that lead can produce direct neuronal damage and, at high doses, produces retinal vascular lesions and alteration of the blood-retinal barrier. PMID- 6608579 TI - A bilateral model for central neural pathways in vestibuloocular reflex. AB - It is argued that vestibular internuclear commissural pathways are functionally important in the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR), particularly since they appear to be modulated during nystagmus. A bilateral approach to VOR modeling is essential to an effective study of the effects of commissural connections on response dynamics. A bilateral model of the VOR central pathways is proposed, with three main postulates: neural filters (NF) on each side of the brain stem, each linked to tonic cells in the ipsilateral vestibular nuclei in negative feedback loops; strong coupling between these bilateral loops by reciprocal commissural connections that significantly affect response dynamics; and modulation of this coupling by inhibitory burst neurons during fast phases. Mathematical analysis of this model shows that the NF need not be good integrators. During slow-phase operation, commissural pathways provide a positive-feedback effect that improves the effective integration function of the bilateral system beyond that of the NF in each side. Analysis suggests that the time constant of the NF might even be as small as that of the eye plant (approximately 0.24 s), so that the NF might be considered to be internal models of the eye plant rather than pseudointegrators. In the model, modulation of commissural gains by burst cells is shown to be sufficient to cause the system to switch between a compensatory position-tracking mode (slow phases) and an anticompensatory velocity-tracking mode (fast phases) during nystagmus. The model simulates a number of behavioral and neurophysiological findings, such as a) tonic vestibular nuclei (VN) cells have sensitivities and decay times larger than primary vestibular fibers, and their response polarity may reverse after section of superficial commissural fibers; b) effective VOR integration deteriorates after cerebellectomy or commissurectomy; c) peak fast-phase eye velocity is modulated by the vestibular signal as well as by fast-phase amplitude. The model accounts for the modulation of central VN responses during nystagmus and, as a result, simulations strongly imply that envelopes of slow-phase eye velocity or smoothed central firing rates will depend on fast-phase strategy and, hence, may not always yield accurate estimates of VOR dynamics. Similarly, the model predicts that "apparent" disassociation between central and ocular responses may occur because of interactions during nystagmus, despite appropriate behavior within slow-phase segments (since VN responses are not simple estimates of eye velocity).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6608580 TI - Craniopharyngioma of the cerebellopontine angle. Case report. AB - The authors report a case of craniopharyngioma presenting in the right cerebellopontine angle. The tumor was removed totally. The purpose of this report is to record this very unusual localization of a craniopharyngioma. PMID- 6608582 TI - Effect of 3- vs 10-day treatment of urinary tract infections. PMID- 6608581 TI - Moxalactam therapy of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in children. AB - Thirty-four children with Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis were given prospectively either moxalactam (200 mg/kg/day) or ampicillin (400 mg/kg/day) plus chloramphenicol (75 mg/kg/day). One patient in each group died. The mean duration of fever, clinical response, sequential cerebrospinal fluid findings, and incidence of neurologic sequelae were similar between groups. Moxalactam cerebrospinal fluid bioactivity was significantly greater than that of ampicillin or chloramphenicol throughout therapy. Neutropenia, liver enzyme abnormalities, and diarrhea were not significantly different. In eight of 11 patients given moxalactam (versus one of 14 controls) there was complete elimination of gram negative aerobic flora in the stools by day 10 (P = 0.002); however, none acquired Clostridium difficile. Moxalactam in effective therapy for H. influenzae type b meningitis. PMID- 6608583 TI - Org. 6368: a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with a novel effect on end-plate conductance. AB - The effects of the nondepolarizing agent pancuronium and three derivatives on end plate currents (e.p.c.s), evoked by neural stimulation at the amphibian neuromuscular junction, were investigated using conventional voltage clamp techniques. All four agents depressed peak e.p.c. amplitude and also shortened the exponential time constant of the e.p.c. decay compared with control. The properties of one derivative, Org. 6368, were investigated in detail and revealed the drug to produce marked blockade of end-plate ionic conductance relative to receptor blockade. Analysis of the kinetic behavior of Org. 6368 revealed a novel mechanism of channel blockade and dissociation which is very different to that observed with some of the local anesthetics. The rate of association of Org. 6368 with the channel binding site, 1.92 X 10(7) M-1 sec-1 at 0 mV, had virtually no dependence on membrane voltage with an e-fold increase with a change of voltage of 2940 mV while the rate of dissociation, 26.4 sec-1 at 0 mV, exhibited a marked dependence on voltage with an e-fold increase with a change of voltage of only 39.5 mV. It is proposed that the rate of association of Org. 6368 is rate limited by diffusion while the rate of dissociation from the channel binding site is increased by hyperpolarization, due to the drug molecule being attracted into the membrane field before leaving the binding site. PMID- 6608584 TI - Protons suppress the dark current of frog retinal rods. AB - Outer segments of rod photoreceptors with the attached ellipsoid region of the inner segment were isolated from Rana pipiens retinae, and their membrane photocurrents measured with the suction electrode technique in the 'ellipsoid-in' configuration. Under dark adapted conditions in standard Ringer solution, isolated rod outer segments with ellipsoids exhibited maximal photocurrents of 10 30 pA, and light sensitivities of 0.2-1.0 pA/isomerization. A local perfusion technique was employed to change rapidly the solution bathing the outer segment. Rods were tested for their sensitivity to protons by perfusion with Ringer solution of altered pH. The dark current was reversibly suppressed by low pH: in Ringer solution with Calcium activity aCa = 10(-3)M dark current suppression obeyed a hyperbolic saturation law with apparent dissociation constant, pKa = 4.8. The decay of dark current of rods following poisoning with ouabain was retarded by low pH perfusion, as it was by light. Protons thus act to suppress the outer segment Na+ conductance. Three experiments support the hypothesis that protons act interior to the plasma membrane in suppressing the dark current. (1) Perfusion of rods at constant pH with Ringer solution having increased CO2 suppressed the dark current. (2) Removal of perfusate containing 50 mM-NH4Cl causes transient dark current suppression. (3) Acetate, which acts as a neutral proton carrier, when added to Ringer solution, shifts the apparent pKa of dark current suppression to a higher pH. Dark current suppression by protons and recovery occurred with a time constant of ca. 1 s. Low pH perfusion retarded the recovery of the dark current from a saturating flash, slowed the light response in its linear range, and increased light sensitivity. Perfusion at pH = 10.5 caused a slight increase in dark current, sped up the recovery of the rod from a saturating flash, accelerated the linear response and decreased the light sensitivity. Lowering aCa of the Ringer solution caused the proton sensitivity of the dark current to drop. At aCa = 5 X 10(-6) M the apparent pKa of dark current suppression was shifted about 0.8 pH units to pH = 4.0. Cells at aCa = 10(-9) M were insensitive to pH = 3.5, which completely suppressed the dark current at normal aCa. Lowered aCa decreased light sensitivity. Both proton sensitivity and light sensitivity of dark current suppression were estimated for each member of a population of rods in various aCaS:proton sensitivity and light sensitivity were found to be linearly correlated over a range of 3 log units.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6608585 TI - Subpopulations of lymphocytes in maternal peripheral blood during pregnancy. AB - The fetus can be considered an allograft with up to one-half of its MHC antigens being potentially recognized by the mother as foreign. This study compares expression of OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, Kappa, Lambda and Ia antigens on lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of normal non-pregnant women, normal pregnant women, patients who are chronic spontaneous aborters and pregnant insulin-dependent diabetic women. Monoclonal antibodies and cytofluorometric analyses were used for these determinations. There were no significant differences (P = 0.01) between these groups for T-cell markers. A statistically significant (P = 0.001) increased ratio of cells bearing surface immunoglobulin to those expressing Ia antigen (K&L/Ia) was observed between normal non-pregnant controls and women with a history of chronic spontaneous abortion. It is concluded that T-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood do not demonstrate a phenotypic abnormality that would account for the non-rejection of the fetal allograft; however, women with chronic spontaneous abortion may have abnormal B-cell differentiation or T-cell activation that mediates chronic spontaneous abortion. PMID- 6608586 TI - Treatment of Sezary syndrome with cyclosporin A. PMID- 6608587 TI - Specificity of translational regulation by two DNA-binding proteins. AB - The gene V protein of the filamentous bacteriophages fl, fd and M13, and the gene 32 protein of bacteriophage T4 share the property of binding strongly and co operatively to single-stranded nucleic acids, especially DNA. Moreover, both are capable of repressing the translation of specific mRNAs (gene 32 protein its own, and gene V protein that of the filamentous phage gene II), both in vivo and in vitro. If the mechanism of repression by either of these proteins were based solely on its ability to bind single strands co-operatively, then the other would be expected to mimic or interfere with its effect in vitro. We have found no such mimicry or interference, even at protein concentrations high enough to have substantial non-specific effects on translation. This suggests that the sites of repression on the mRNAs must offer something other than simple "unstructuredness" for binding and repression to occur. PMID- 6608588 TI - Haemophilus influenzae septic thrombophlebitis following use of a "scalp-vein" needle. AB - Indolent Haemophilus influenzae type B septic thrombophlebitis developed in a 14 year-old boy two weeks after completing a course of intravenous antibiotics administered via a "scalp-vein" needle for an unrelated infection. Presumably, the primary disease (common variable immunodeficiency) contributed to the simultaneous occurrence of this uncommon complication of scalp-vein needle use, with an unusual pathogen. PMID- 6608590 TI - Does electrostimulation cure urinary incontinence? AB - A followup study is presented of a prospective series of women treated with an inflatable intravaginal electrode carrier and an external pulse generator. The devices were individually adjustable with respect to electrode positioning and stimulation parameters. The study included 40 women with detrusor instability and/or genuine stress incontinence. The primary results for urge symptoms were favorable. Of the patients 73 per cent were primarily free of symptoms during treatment and 45 per cent remained free of symptoms after withdrawal of treatment, including two-thirds in whom re-education persisted during the followup of 6 years. Of the patients with genuine stress incontinence 40 per cent exhibited persistent re-education. There were considerable discrepancies between symptomatic cure or improvement, and the urodynamic findings at followup. Intravaginal electrical stimulation may be regarded as the treatment of choice for urge incontinence due to detrusor instability, and in mixed stress and urge incontinence. The method also is an alternative to an operation in some women with genuine stress incontinence. PMID- 6608589 TI - Essential fatty acid deficiency: a suggestion concerning experimental design. AB - In experiments on essential fatty acid deficiency, various strategems have been used to balance the deficient and control groups for all nutrients except essential fatty acids. We suggest the use of a single fat-free diet for both groups, with essential fatty acids administered parenterally to the control (nondeficient) group once each week. PMID- 6608591 TI - Dangers of orally administered para-aminobenzoic acid. PMID- 6608592 TI - Does rifampin prophylaxis prevent disease caused by Hemophilus influenzae type b? PMID- 6608593 TI - Mechanical control of circulation: clinical results with intra-aortic balloon pumping and veno-arterial bypass in left and/or right cardiac failure. AB - Eighty-seven cases were studied in which IABP was used with open heart surgery, and 19 in which V-A bypass was employed. IABP was used in 31 patients with ischemic heart disease, which had the best survival rate (52%). Recent experience shows that the effects of IABP increase the operability of certain high-risk patients with severely impaired left ventricular function. In valvular heart disease, IABP was used with a survival rate of 34%. In congenital heart disease, the IABP survival rate was the worst among the groups studied because, in addition to left heart failure, many other factors also as cause the low cardiac output syndrome during corrective surgery for complicated cardiac anomalies. In total right heart bypass, or Fontan's procedure, three out of five cases were weaned from IABP; one of them is still alive. IABP was used with success in one case of valvular heart disease with almost no contraction of the right ventricle after repair. Therefore, IABP could be expected to improve the condition of severe postoperative right heart failure, or the equivalent condition, when there is subnormal left ventricular function in the postoperative period and pulmonary vascular resistance is normal. There has been only one successful V-A bypass lasting 11 hours, in valvular heart disease, and another case, in congenital heart disease, where the patient was weaned after V-A bypass lasting four days. PMID- 6608594 TI - [Effects of enflurane on contraction of skeletal muscles. Effects on internal membrane system]. PMID- 6608595 TI - [Intracavitary radiotherapy with Cf-252 for uterine cervical carcinomas]. AB - Cf-252 intracavitary radiotherapy using a remote afterloading system was performed in patients with Stage IIb, IIIb cervical carcinoma. Compared to the control group which was treated with Co-60 high-dose intracavitary radiotherapy, Cf-252 was less effective for squamous cell carcinoma and slightly effective for adenocarcinomas. Recto-sigmoidal injury was frequent in the Cf-252 group so that further study of the Cf-252 effect on the recto-sigmoidal mucosa is required. PMID- 6608596 TI - [Localized fibrous malignant peritoneal mesothelioma in an operated patient with massive hemorrhage to the peritoneal cavity]. AB - We reported an operated patient with localized peritoneal mesothelioma. The patient was a 39-year-old man who had occasionally complained of left hypochondralgia for 5 years before admission. Progressive anemia due to hemorrhage into the peritoneal cavity was noted after admission. Peritoneoscopy revealed the bleeding to be located between the left lobe of the liver and the anterior wall of the stomach. On the 22nd hospital day, surgery was performed and a fist-sized tumor was resected. Microscopically, it was fibrous malignant type of the peritoneal mesothelioma. Chemotherapy was performed 3 times after the operation, and the patient is living and well 1 year and 8 months postoperatively. PMID- 6608597 TI - [Clinical studies of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma. (2) Hypercalcemia associated with adult T-cell leukemia]. PMID- 6608598 TI - [A case of OKT11+, OKT3-, OKM1-, T-CLL with diffuse infiltration of leukemic cells around the cerebral vessels]. PMID- 6608599 TI - [Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy-like T-cell lymphoma with spontaneous remission for one year]. PMID- 6608600 TI - [A case of von Willebrand's disease--successful application of 1-deamino-8-D arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) to ovarian bleeding]. PMID- 6608602 TI - [Morphological characteristics and differentiation of T-cell and B-cell type lymphoma]. PMID- 6608601 TI - [Morphological studies of Reed-Sternberg cells in contrast to giant cells observed in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. PMID- 6608604 TI - [T1 cell malignancy: clinicopathological studies of lymphoma]. PMID- 6608603 TI - [B-cell malignancy: clinicopathological studies of lymphoma]. PMID- 6608605 TI - [T2 cell malignancy: clinicopathological studies of lymphoma]. PMID- 6608606 TI - [Monoclonal antibodies for the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and lymphatic leukemia]. PMID- 6608607 TI - [Clinical studies of adult T-cell leukemia]. PMID- 6608608 TI - Blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia with tumor formation characterized by T-cell features--a case report. AB - We report a case of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) associated with pronounced peripheral lymphadenopathy, with the cells having the philadelphia (Phl) chromosome and T-cell features. A 23-year-old man who was diagnosed as having CML and treated with busulfan was admitted to our hospital because of increasing hepatosplenomegaly and pronounced lymphadenopathy. An axillary lymph node biopsy disclosed that the malignant cells formed rosettes with neuraminidase-treated sheep red blood cells (En) (95.0%) and were positive for Leu 1 (91.8%). Of the cytochemical reactions, peroxidase was negative and periodic acid-Shiff, acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase and beta-glucuronidase were all positive. The karyotype of the bone marrow cells was 46 XY Phl positive (22q-), and that of the lymph node cells was 51 XY Phl positive +8, +9, +18, +19, +21, 22q-. He was treated with various anti-leukemic agents and irradiation. Despite such treatments, he died of pneumonia. This is a report of a CML patients with blast crisis and tumor formation characterized by T-cell features. PMID- 6608609 TI - Analysis of natural killer cell defects in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - The natural killer (NK) activity of circulating lymphocytes of 38 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in complete remission was studied by 51Cr release cytotoxicity assay. NK activity of the non-T-cell fraction (NKnon-T) and of the T-cell fraction (NKT) was also measured. In addition, the number of circulating NK cells was determined by an immunofluorescence technique using monoclonal anti-Leu-7 (HNK-1) antibody. Total NK activity of the ALL patients in complete remission was impaired during maintenance therapy (P less than 0.001) and after cessation of therapy (P less than 0.05). NK activity of NKnon-T and NKT cells was equally impaired (P less than 0.05). The numbers of Leu-7+ cells and NK activity units were decreased during maintenance therapy (P less than 0.05), but approached normal after cessation of therapy. These data indicate that decreased NK activity of childhood ALL in complete remission during maintenance therapy is due to a decrease in total NK cells and impaired function of both NKnon-T and NKT cells. PMID- 6608610 TI - [Emergency angiography]. PMID- 6608611 TI - [Multiple hemangioma of the small intestine. A case report]. PMID- 6608613 TI - [POS (problem-oriented system) examination participated in by physicians and nurses]. PMID- 6608612 TI - [Improvement of the reconstructed image of SPECT using a 2-D filter]. PMID- 6608614 TI - [Auditing through a conference]. PMID- 6608615 TI - [Auditing for evaluation of medical care]. PMID- 6608616 TI - [Problems in the implementation of auditing]. PMID- 6608618 TI - [Workshop on auditing. Description of an audit]. PMID- 6608617 TI - [Workshop on auditing. Problem list data base]. PMID- 6608619 TI - [Explanation of the POS for beginners]. PMID- 6608620 TI - [At the conclusion of the 5th POS Study Conference]. PMID- 6608621 TI - [Noninvasive assessment of graft patency in aortocoronary bypass]. PMID- 6608622 TI - [Aorto-pulmonary septal defect associated with congenital esophageal atresia]. PMID- 6608623 TI - [Nonspecific immunity in patients with cholecystitis]. PMID- 6608624 TI - [Repeated hemorrhage after surgery for portal hypertension]. PMID- 6608625 TI - [Albescent punctate retinopathy with central pigment epithelium atrophy]. AB - A 45-year-old Italian patient suffering from punctate retinopathy associated with a central atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium is described. He has suffered from nyctalopia since early childhood, and over the last 3 years has become increasingly susceptible to dazzling. Funktion tests revealed pathologic monofunctional dark adaptation of cones, centrocecal scotoma, a pathologic electro-oculogram and residual a-waves at high light stimulus intensities in the electroretinogram. An autosomal-recessive mode of inheritance is assumed, as 4 of the patient's 9 siblings have the same signs. PMID- 6608626 TI - [Neopterin, a new biochemical marker for clinical assessment of cell-mediated immune response]. AB - Activated T-lymphocytes represent crucial effector cells. They are pathogenetically involved into various disease states such as allograft rejection or viral infection. So far their assessment is laborious and rarely possible in clinical routine. In this review article we present the compount neopterin as a new biochemical marker for the in vivo and in vitro detection of activated T lymphocytes. Our main finding was that in vitro as well as in vivo stimulation of T-lymphocytes with foreign and chemically or virally modified autologous cells in invariably associated with increased neopterin production. It thus appeared that neopterin might represent a potential marker for biochemical monitoring of diseases caused by or associated with T-lymphocyte activation. Our clinical experience with neopterin determination in allograft rejection and in infectious or autoimmune states strongly support this view. We conclude that evaluation of neopterin represents a useful and simple tool for the biochemical monitoring of immunological and/or malignant states. PMID- 6608627 TI - [Immunological reactivity of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis combined with chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 6608628 TI - [Causes, clinical aspects and therapy of myocarditis]. PMID- 6608629 TI - Mast cell activation and vascular alterations in immediate hypersensitivity-like reactions induced by a T cell-derived antigen-binding factor. AB - Previous studies have shown that T cell-dependent activation of mast cells to release serotonin is required for the elicitation of delayed-type hypersensitivity in mice. We have recently described an antigen-binding T cell factor that is a suitable candidate for participation in the mechanism by which T cells activate mast cells in delayed-type hypersensitivity. The T cell factor transfers the ability to elicit an antigen-specific immediate hypersensitivity like ear-swelling reaction following local challenge with antigen. In the current study, alterations in the morphology of local tissue mast cells and vessels were studied by light and electron microscopy at the time of optimal swelling and increase in vascular permeability. Factor-induced reactions showed mild changes in metachromatic staining of mast cell granules compared with more profound changes that were found in reactions of antigen-challenged mice that were sensitized by intravenous injection with IgE antibody. Subtle changes in the ultrastructure of mast cells in reactions induced by the T cell factor included surface activation to form filopodial extensions, resulting in a significant increase in the surface density by stereologic analysis. The cytoplasm of these mast cells also showed signs of synthetic and metabolic activity with formation of vesicles and an increased prominence of the Golgi apparatus and mitochondria. Local vessels at sites of reactions due to the T cell factor or IgE showed intravascular accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, gaps at sites of endothelial cell junctions, and occasional emigration of the leukocytes into the perivascular area. This indicates that a vasoactive factor, such as serotonin, and chemotactic factors were released in both instances. However, in recipients of the T cell factor, this was accomplished with only moderate signs of overt mast cell degranulation and loss of granule density. Instead, there was formation of vesicles at the outer margin of the granules, in the perigranular membrane, and in the cytoplasm, accompanied by the surface activation. In contrast, mast cells from reactions in IgE-sensitized animals appeared to degranulate by a process of sequential compound exocytosis with no vesicle formation or cytoplasmic findings of increased synthetic or metabolic activity. The granules of these cells showed a great loss of density and many appeared swollen, resulting in overall swelling and increase in area of the cell.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6608630 TI - Characterisation of chicken pancreas alpha-amylase isozymes and interaction with protein inhibitors from wheat kernel. PMID- 6608631 TI - Fulminant fatal myositis associated with anti-ribonucleoprotein and anti-SM antibodies. PMID- 6608632 TI - Skeletal muscle cytosol [3H]methyltrienolone receptor binding and serum androgens: effects of hypertrophy and hormonal state. AB - Normal, castrated, and hypophysectomized male rats underwent compensatory hypertrophy of plantaris muscles following surgical removal of their synergistic gastrocnemius muscles. The increases in muscle wet weights above control values, determined when the muscles were in stable-state hypertrophy, were as follows: normal 50%, castrated 50%, and hypophysectomized 32%. There were marked differences in concentration of serum androgens between surgical groups, yet no increases in testosterone or 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone were observed as a result of hypertrophy. The amount of testosterone binding to serum proteins (approx 94%) was reduced only in hypophysectomized animals that underwent muscle growth. Cytosol androgen receptor specific binding (fmol/mg protein), measured using saturating concentrations of [3H]methyltrienolone (R1881) at 4 degrees C for 20 h for exchange with endogenous steroid, was significantly increased in hypertrophied muscles of normal, (1.77 +/- 0.17 vs 1.16 +/- 0.21), castrated (2.27 +/- 0.20 vs 1.46 +/- 0.03) and hypophysectomized (6.23 +/- 0.56 vs 3.64 +/- 0.30) animals. Receptor dissociation constants (Kd) were approx 10(-10) M in all groups and were not altered by the hypertrophy. These findings show that a major adaptation to skeletal muscle enlargement is an augmentation of cytosol [3H]methyltrienolone receptor binding capacity. This effect occurs in a normal or androgen deficient state. PMID- 6608633 TI - Androgen binding in human fetal amnion. AB - Human fetal amnion cytosol obtained at term is able to bind specifically [3H]testosterone. The cytosol (105,000 g supernatant) from human amnion was used after a 30 min treatment with dextran-coated charcoal and incubated with increasing concentrations of [3H]testosterone, [3H]dihydrotestosterone, [3H]methyltrienolone for 2 h at 4 degrees C and for 16 h at 15 degrees C. To avoid any possible contamination of sex hormone binding globulin we used a Sepharose 4B column. Scatchard plot analysis of the data after incubation at 4 degrees C for 2 h showed that the amnion possesses high affinity (Kd = 0.62 +/- 0.20 nM) and low capacity (95.0 +/- 21.1 fmol/mg protein) binding sites for [3H]testosterone. After incubation at 15 degrees C for 16 h, we obtained a high affinity (Kd = 0.29 +/- 0.14 nM), low capacity (49.5 +/- 12.8 fmol/mg protein) and a low affinity (Kd = 5.55 +/- 2.55 nM), high capacity (181.7 +/- 20.8 fmol/mg protein) binding sites for [3H]testosterone. The values of Kd, calculated from Scatchard plot analysis were 1.03 +/- 0.7 nM with 20.2 +/- 10.4 fmol/mg protein and 1.97 +/- 1.06 nM with 55.6 +/- 15.9 fmol/mg protein for [3H]methyltrienolone and [3H]dihydrotestosterone respectively. These findings suggest that human fetal amnion cytosol at term contains a specific binding protein for androgens. PMID- 6608634 TI - Nuclear protein matrix of seminal vesicle epithelium. AB - Nuclear protein matrix was isolated from guinea pig seminal vesicle epithelium and liver. The two matrices were similar in fine structure as seen by transmission electron microscopy, in protein electropherograms, and in percent composition relative to protein, DNA, and RNA. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine intact seminal vesicle nuclei, nuclei after treatment with Triton X-100 and DNAse I, and purified nuclear matrix. The matrix surface presented a 'porous' appearance by both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The matrices of liver and seminal vesicle epithelium (SVE) and the intact nuclei of SVE were assayed for specific binding of free synthetic androgen, 17 alpha methyltrienolone (R1881). Saturable specific binding was demonstrable for seminal vesicle matrix but not for liver matrix. Maximal binding of androgen occurred at a concentration of approximately 12 nM and was demonstrated to be 1.34 +/- 0.22 pmol of R1881 per mg of seminal vesicle matrix protein; the Kd was approximately 8 nM. The binding of labeled R1881 to matrix could be inhibited with low concentrations of unlabeled androgens, but not with estrogens or other steroids. Our data indicate that the binding of androgen to matrix could account for at least 21% of the binding to intact nuclei. PMID- 6608635 TI - Ovarian C17,20-lyase: changes in intact and hypophysectomized immature rats treated with pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin. AB - The steroid C17,20-lyase activity of immature rat ovarian microsomal (105,000 g pellet), mitochondrial (10,000 g pellet) and combined fractions was measured using progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone as substrates. Steroid 17 alpha hydroxylase was measured, using progesterone as substrate, in some of the preparations for comparison. With progesterone about 3.5 times more product (acetic acid) was formed than with 17-hydroxyprogesterone as substrate. The half time for lyase activity following hypophysectomy was 51.8 h, while that for 17 alpha-hydroxylase was 51.3 h. Following an intravenous injection of 20 iu of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMS) into immature hypophysectomized rats lyase activity decreased for 12 h followed by recovery during the next 12 h with a rapid increase between 24 and 72 h. In contrast, a subcutaneous injection of the same dose produced an initial rise in activity with a decline between 12 and 24 h, followed by a second large increase. In intact animals injection (s.c.) of PMS produced an initial fall in lyase activity followed by an increase beginning 12 h later. A dramatic decrease in activity occurred between 48 and 72 h concomitant with ovulation; hypophysectomy at 48 h not only prevented the decrease, but produced an increase in activity. The changes in ovarian C17,20 lyase activity following administration of PMS mimic those of 17 alpha hydroxylase. PMID- 6608636 TI - Early bypass grafting following intracoronary thrombolysis with streptokinase. AB - Early bypass grafting following intracoronary thrombolysis with streptokinase may be indicated in patients with acute coronary artery thrombosis and severe coronary disease. To evaluate this approach, we prospectively studied 41 patients (32 men and nine women, mean age 53 years) with acute infarction. Emergency cardiac catheterization was performed within 18 hours after onset of chest pain and intracoronary streptokinase was given. All patients underwent bypass 3 to 10 days later (mean 7 days). Serial gated radionuclide left ventricular angiograms to determine ejection fraction were obtained on hospital admission, preoperatively, and 3 to 6 months later. Thirty-four patients had complete occlusion of the artery supplying the infarcted segment. In 30 patients (88%) reperfusion was not successful. In seven patients the artery was not totally thrombosed. Thirty-two patients (78%) had multivessel disease. An average of 2.8 grafts per patient were placed with an operative mortality of 2% (one patient). Serial measurements of ejection fraction were obtained in 23 patients in whom the admission ejection fraction was less than 50%. There was a significant increase in ejection fraction from admission (33% +/- 11%) to the preoperative measurement (41% +/- 9%, p less than 0.001), and this improvement persisted at follow-up (40% +/- 14%). Intracoronary streptokinase has been shown to restore blood flow to infarcting myocardium and to improve left ventricular performance. In patients with significant organic stenosis, the risk of bypass grafting 3 to 10 days after intracoronary streptokinase infusion appears to be no different from the risk of elective operation performed at a time remote from an acute infarction. PMID- 6608637 TI - Conditional probability of multiple coronary graft failure. AB - To assess the potential capability of using artery-specific factors to predict the success of coronary bypass grafting, we classified each graft according to the type of graft (mammary, single vein, or multiple skip vein), the degree of obstruction in the native coronary artery, and the size of the grafted artery. The mean patency rates for each category of graft were determined by performing early postoperative (mean 6.6 months) arteriograms in 354 patients. We found that mammary arteries gave the best results for every graft category. Skip vein grafts had a higher mean patency rate than single vein grafts for arteries with obstructions between 70% and 90% and lumina less than 2.0 mm in diameter. The results for vein and skip grafts were equivalent for the category with arteries greater than 2.0 mm and obstruction greater than 90%. Vein grafts produced better results than skip grafts for the remaining categories. Patients were classified into subgroups according to the number of actually observed graft failures. The probabilities that specific numbers of grafts would fail were calculated for each patient. These probabilities were based upon the observed patency rates for the category appropriate for each graft and the hypothesis that individual grafts within a patient fail independently. We observed an excess number of patients with no failures or multiple failures than would be expected according to the hypothesis of independent failure and category-specific patency rates. Conversely, there were fewer patients than expected who had single failures. Therefore, we postulate that there may also be global factors which influence early graft patency. PMID- 6608638 TI - Use of the pulmonary artery for left ventricular venting during cardiac operations. AB - Data relating to the hemodynamic efficaciousness and mechanism of action of a pulmonary artery catheter or vent used for left ventricular venting during cardiac operations are presented. The pulmonary artery vent is a plastic sump catheter that is introduced into the main pulmonary artery through a purse-string suture and connected via a roller pump to the venous reservoir of the heart-lung perfusion machine. Placement and removal require only a few minutes. The pulmonary artery vent retrieved 85% of a 99mtechnetium-labeled solution placed in the left atrium during aortic cross-clamping, and there was no detectable radioactivity in peripheral or aortic root blood samples. Pulmonary artery vent return during cardiopulmonary bypass in 10 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass averaged 12.5 L. The effectiveness of left ventricular decompression was evaluated in 20 patients also undergoing bypass grafting. Use of the pulmonary artery vent consistently and significantly decreased left heart pressures, compared to the control situation with the vent off, with the aortic cross-clamp applied, and in both the fibrillating and beating heart in the early postischemic reperfusion period. We reached the following conclusions: (1) The pulmonary artery vent withdraws left heart blood via the pulmonary vasculature, in addition to returning right heart spillover and retrieving bronchial flow. (2) Left heart pressures are reduced to levels which reduce oxygen demands and preserve endocardial perfusion, therefore protecting myocardium, during fibrillation and during coronary reperfusion of the beating heart. (3) Because of its effectiveness and safety, especially the impossibility of introducing air into the left ventricle, the pulmonary artery vent is recommended for routine left ventricular venting. PMID- 6608639 TI - Effects of reperfusion after acute coronary occlusion on the beating, working heart compared to the arrested heart treated locally and globally with cardioplegia. AB - To determine whether acutely ischemic myocardium could be more effectively salvaged by reperfusion on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in the cardioplegia treated heart than with reperfusion in the beating, working heart, 52 greyhound dogs underwent 3 hours of left anterior descending (LAD) occlusion and were randomly assigned to one of four groups. In Group I (19 dogs) the LAD occlusion was released at 3 hours and reperfusion continued in the beating, working heart for an additional 3 hours. Group II (six dogs), Group III (14 dogs), and Group IV (13 dogs) were placed on CPB and underwent 45 minutes of hypothermic ischemic arrest protected by aortic root potassium cardioplegia. In Group II, only aortic root potassium cardioplegia was given; in Group III, the ischemic area was perfused with potassium cardioplegic solution via a graft from the internal mammary artery (IMA) to the LAD. In Group IV, blood cardioplegic solution via the IMA-LAD graft was used. After the cross-clamp and local occlusion were removed, CPB was discontinued after an additional 45 minutes and reperfusion was continued off CPB for an additional 1 1/2 hours (total 6 hours). The ischemic area at risk was determined by injecting monastryl blue dye via the left atrium while the LAD was briefly reoccluded. After the animal had been sacrificed and the left ventricle had been sectioned, the area of myocardial necrosis was determined by nonstaining with triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). For each group, the ratios of area of necrosis/area at risk (AN/AR) were calculated and postreperfusion arrhythmias were documented. Postreperfusion arrhythmias were noted in 11 of 12 animals in the beating, working heart group and only two of 24 in the combined CPB groups. The mean AN/AR was 66% +/- 2% in the beating, working heart (Group I), 59% +/- 6% after infusion of potassium cardioplegic solution into the aortic root (Group II), 57% +/- 6% with blood cardioplegia (Group IV), and 38% +/- 6.5% after global and local application of the potassium cardioplegic solution into the ischemic area (Group III). This study suggests that the reperfused ischemic myocardium will sustain less necrosis and less postreperfusion arrhythmias when the heart is protected by global and local cold potassium cardioplegia on CPB. PMID- 6608640 TI - Reperfusion of the human myocardium by saphenous vein bypass grafts. Biochemical considerations. AB - The adenine nucleotide content of the human myocardium in the distribution of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was measured before and after saphenous vein bypass grafting. The purpose of the study were twofold: (1) to relate the level of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) before bypass grafting to the percent stenoses of the LAD and (2) to determine the benefit or lack of benefit of bypass grafting on ATP content. Eighteen patients with angiographically determined LAD lesions of 40% to 100% underwent bypass grafting with standard cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegia. Transmural needle biopsy specimens were obtained from the center of the area perfused by the LAD immediately before cross clamping of the aorta and 30 minutes after reperfusion of the myocardium via the native LAD and the graft. The tissue was divided into thirds: The endocardial and epicardial thirds were analyzed for ATP by high-pressure liquid chromatography and the middle third was viewed by light microscopy. The percent narrowing of the LAD correlated well (r = -0.71) with the ratio of ATP to total adenine nucleotides (TAN) in the endocardium. Epicardial ATP did not correlate with the percent stenoses of the LAD. The endocardial ATP/TAN ratio increased in the group as a whole from 0.51 +/- 0.27 (mean +/- SD) to 0.64 +/- 0.26 (p less than 0.01) after bypass grafting, and this was most impressive in those eight patients with LAD lesions greater than 90% (0.32 +/- 0.20 before grafting to 0.60 +/- 0.29 after grafting, p less than 0.005). However, the epicardial ATP/TAN ratio decreased from 0.75 +/- 0.15 before grafting to 0.64 +/- 0.17 after grafting (p less than 0.05), and this decrease occurred regardless of the percent narrowing of the LAD. There was no difference in vacuolization between the pre-grafting and post-grafting biopsy specimens, and intramyocardial hemorrhage was not observed. This study has demonstrated a close relationship between the degree of LAD stenosis and endocardial ATP content. Also, the endocardium supplied by arteries with greater than 90% lesions had significantly increased ATP while the epicardium had decreased ATP content after bypass grafting. PMID- 6608641 TI - Right ventricular--saphenous vein graft fistula. Unusual complication of aorta coronary bypass grafting. AB - A fistula between the right ventricle and a saphenous vein graft aneurysm developed 10 years following aorta-coronary bypass. Surgical repair was attempted, but the autopsy finding of a large myocardial infarction raised the possibility of a "coronary steal" phenomenon. PMID- 6608642 TI - Levamisol in immunomodulative treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6608643 TI - The immune secretory system and rheumatoid diseases. PMID- 6608644 TI - Protein-losing gastroenteropathy and the intestinal clearance of serum alpha 1 antitrypsin. PMID- 6608645 TI - [Effect of ticlopidine in the prevention of recurrences of cerebral ischemic accidents: comparative study with dipyridamol]. PMID- 6608646 TI - [Phenotypes of alpha 1-antitrypsin and rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6608647 TI - [Azthreonam stability against Enterobacteriaceae beta-lactamases]. PMID- 6608648 TI - [Considerations on the behavior of serum SP1 in patients with non-germinal tumors undergoing treatment]. PMID- 6608649 TI - [Asymptomatic babesiosis in a Polish immigrant with an imbalance in T subpopulations]. PMID- 6608650 TI - [Adhesion of haemophilus to buccal epithelial cells. Preliminary study]. PMID- 6608651 TI - [Effective treatment of angina pectoris with transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation]. PMID- 6608652 TI - Anatomical characteristics of the anterior vestibular nerve of the bullfrog. AB - Study was made of the dimensions of the nerves to the receptor organs in the anterior branch of the bullfrog vestibular nerve. The number of fibers and their diameters and trajectories in the nerve and Scarpa's ganglion were studied. A correlation was made between the anatomical and physiological properties of neurons identified with intracellular injections of horseradish peroxidase. The data suggest a specific pattern of innervation of the organs, organization of fibers and cells in the vestibular nerve, and significant correlation between the anatomical and physiological properties of individual neurons. A comparison was made between the information obtained from the bullfrog and that from other animals, which suggests a similarity between species and supports the hypothesis of a differential physiological role of the neurons in each vestibular organ according to anatomical characteristics. PMID- 6608653 TI - In vitro synthesis of IgG and IgM in patients with HBsAg-positive and HBsAg negative chronic active hepatitis. AB - Spontaneous and PWM-driven IgG and IgM synthesis was investigated in the PBMC of 15 patients with HBsAg-negative CAH and six HBsAg-positive patients with CAH. PBMC from patients with HBsAg-positive CAH show an impaired IgG synthesis upon stimulation with PWM but an IgM increase similar to that of control subjects. In contrast, PBMC from HBsAg-negative patients with CAH show a trend to spontaneous increased synthesis of IgG and a decrease or lack of IgG and IgM synthesis upon PWM stimulation. Steroid treatment seems to ameliorate these alterations. No differences were found among the three groups of HBsAg-negative chronic active hepatitis (autoimmune, HBsAg-related and cryptogenic). These results indicate that differences of B-cell functions may exist in the two groups of CAH patients, not only in spontaneous B-cell activation or PWM-induced Ig synthesis but also in the different classes of Ig. PMID- 6608654 TI - [Graft rejection. Present status of knowledge]. PMID- 6608656 TI - Tunicamycin blocks the emergence and maintenance of insulin receptors on mitogen activated human T lymphocytes. AB - Treatment of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) activated human T lymphocytes with tunicamycin, an antibiotic that specifically inhibits asparagine-linked N glycosylation of proteins, totally blocked the normal emergence of insulin receptors on these lymphocytes and their cellular proliferation during culture in a dose-dependent manner. Carbohydrate incorporation into protein was inhibited 82% by 0.5 microgram/mL while leucine incorporation was unaffected. Tunicamycin exposure of activated T lymphocytes, which had acquired insulin receptors during culture, reduced cellular insulin binding by 35% to 84% and reduced PHA binding to 40% of control levels within 24 hours. Scatchard analysis revealed decreases in insulin binding capacity but not affinity. Similar treatment with cycloheximide only decreased insulin binding by 12%. These findings suggest N glycosylation of proteins is a necessary biochemical event (1) for the emergence and maintenance of insulin receptors on mitogen activated T lymphocytes, and (2) for mitogen activated T lymphocytes to undergo cell division. PMID- 6608655 TI - Serum dihydroxyvitamin D metabolite concentrations in patients on chronic anticonvulsant drug therapy: response to pharmacologic doses of vitamin D2. AB - We examined the effects of chronic anticonvulsant drug administration on the serum concentrations of dihydroxyvitamin D metabolites and the response of these metabolite levels to short-term treatment with pharmacologic doses of vitamin D2. Twelve patients maintained on chronic combined diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital therapy were studied before and after the administration of vitamin D2, 75,000 units/week for 6 weeks. Prior to vitamin D2 administration, the patient group demonstrated decreased serum calcium (P less than 0.01) and increased serum iPTH (P less than 0.02) concentrations relative to 18 matched controls. Serum 25OHD and 24,25(OH)2D concentrations in the patient group were reduced by 38% and 75% (P less than 0.001), while serum 1,25(OH)2D concentration was increased by 27% (P less than 0.05) relative to control values. After vitamin D administration serum calcium and iPTH concentrations in the patient group were restored to values that were not significantly different from control levels. Serum 25OHD and 24,25(OH)2D concentrations were increased by 4.6- and 6.3-fold, respectively, to supranormal levels. Serum 1,25(OH)2D concentration exhibited an unexpected further 30% increase over pretreatment values, resulting in a return of the serum 1,25(OH)2D/24,25(OH)2D concentration ratio to a normal value. These data indicate that in patients treated chronically with anticonvulsant drugs, serum 25OHD concentration responds appropriately to vitamin D2 administration, but regulation of renal dihydroxy metabolite formation may be altered. PMID- 6608657 TI - Altered cell cycle distributions of cultured human lymphoblasts during cytotoxicity related to adenosine deaminase inhibition. AB - Serial-flow cytometric analysis of DNA content of T lymphoblasts (MOLT-4) and B lymphoblasts (MGL-8) was performed to correlate the cytotoxic properties of adenosine deaminase inhibition with alterations of DNA synthesis and disruptions of the cell cycle. The addition of deoxyadenosine up to 50 mumol/L potently decreased the growth of T lymphoblasts, and these changes were enhanced with the addition of 100 mumol/L homocysteine thiolactone. These conditions caused a virtual absence of cells from S and G2M phases after 24 hours. The DNA distribution was similar in cells cultured for 24 hours in 50 mumol/L deoxyguanosine or 2.5 mumol/L hydroxyurea. These observations suggested accumulation of cells in the G1 phase. T lymphoblasts cultured with up to 50 mumol/L adenosine had a substantial decrease in growth, which was not modified by the addition of homocysteine thiolactone. Cell cycle distributions of T lymphoblasts cultured for 24 to 48 hours under these conditions showed mild decreases in the G2M population. The addition of adenosine up to 50 mumol/L decreased the growth of B lymphoblasts, and these changes were enhanced by the addition of 100 mumol/L homocysteine thiolactone. These conditions induced mild decreases in the S-phase population in B lymphoblasts. The addition of deoxyadenosine, even with homocysteine thiolactone, did not modify growth in B lymphoblasts and the cell-cycle distributions were indistinguishable from distributions of control populations after 24 and 48 hours. The observations provide independent support for a reduction of DNA synthesis associated with cytotoxicity during adenosine-deaminase inhibition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6608658 TI - Measurement of the lineal density of red blood cells in capillaries in vivo, using a computerized frame-by-frame analysis of video images. AB - In order to study the oxygen supply system within a capillary bed it is desirable to know the lineal density of red blood cells (RBCs) in individual capillaries; viz number of cells per millimeter. We have developed a video computer method for "continuous" measurements of lineal density, based on frame-by-frame analysis of the spatial-average of blood opacity over a selected length of capillary. Each capillary is calibrated separately, in order to determine the relationship between mean opacity and lineal density for that vessel. Since the method does not attempt to detect individual RBCs, it can be applied to capillaries with RBCs which overlap each other to some extent. Also, since the opacity data is normalized with respect to "background" light intensity and "contrast," this technique can be applied to thick tissues such as skeletal muscle. The method has been tested on capillaries in frog sartorius muscle and is able to predict, on average, the number of frog RBCs in an 80-micron length of capillary to +/- one quarter cell. At present, computation times limit "real time" measurement of lineal density to a sampling rate of 10 sec-1. The data may also be used (1) to compute red cell flux (cells X sec-1), if corresponding velocity measurements are available, and (2) to estimate capillary hematocrit. PMID- 6608659 TI - Occurrence of the "capillary contractility" phenomenon and its significance in the distribution of microvascular flow in frog skeletal muscle. AB - The phenomenon of "capillary contractility" was first described more than 100 years ago. Recent reports on this phenomenon in the frog mesentery have been based on the observation of dramatic reductions of luminal diameter and blood flow during electrical stimulation of the capillary wall. The aim of this study was to establish the presence and the occurrence of this phenomenon in the frog sartorius muscle and to evaluate its contribution to the distribution of flow. Eight 1.3 X 1.7-mm areas of the muscle surface in eight anesthetized frogs were visualized by means of a microscope and also video-recorded during stimulation experiments. Microelectrodes and semitransparent surface electrodes introduced constant currents (0.1 to 1.0 microA) or pulse trains (5-msec pulse width, 1 to 64 Hz frequency, -0.2 to -5.4 V amplitude) either to individual capillaries or to whole populations of capillaries situated in these areas. Caution was exercised that stimuli did not cause muscle twitching. Red cell velocity in capillaries was measured from video recordings by the flying spot technique. Microelectrode stimulations caused flow stoppages in 4 out of 60 individual stimulated capillaries. Surface electrode stimulations had practically no effect on the mean red cell velocity in any of these populations but an appreciable effect on individual velocities in 7.5% of all capillaries in these populations. It is concluded that the phenomenon of electrically induced reductions of flow exists in the frog sartorius muscle, but it is scarce. It seems unlikely, therefore, that it represents a major mechanism of flow distribution in this tissue. PMID- 6608660 TI - [Prolonged low-dose therapy in recurrent infections of the urinary tract in the child]. PMID- 6608661 TI - Ligand inhibition studies on the role of Fc receptors in antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity. AB - Subjection of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to a temp shift from 4 to 37 degrees C resulted in a shedding of Fc receptors (termed FcRI) from 40-50% of FcR positive cells followed by their re-expression within 4 hr; a phenomenon which had no effect on the cells' antibody-dependent killing capacity. Removal of lymphocytes having an immobile form of the Fc receptor resistant to the effects of the temp shift (termed FcRII), or removal of lymphocytes bearing both FcRI and FcRII, resulted in a similar amount of reduction in ADCC activity. This was attributed, therefore, to the loss of FcRII-positive cells. The influence of isolated (shedded) FcRI and Clq on ADCC activity was investigated. Soluble FcRI was shown to inhibit ADCC mediated through the immobile Fc receptors (FcRII), despite its lack of an ability to block EA rosette formation through these receptors. Clq also had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on ADCC. These observations are consistent with earlier findings that FcRII possesses two active binding sites; and suggest that a prerequisite for killing in ADCC is the interaction of these with the C gamma 2 and C gamma 3 domains. The ability of synthetic peptides representative of human gamma 1-chain sequences to inhibit ADCC was determined, in an attempt to locate those sites within the IgG antibody Fc region involved in interaction with two FcR binding sites. Preliminary evidence was obtained to suggest that one of these is situated within the C gamma 2 domain, in the region of residues 274 (Lys)-294 (Glu). PMID- 6608662 TI - Idiotypic relationships among anti-p-azophenylarsonate antibodies: shared public idiotopes among A-strain minor CRI and BALB/c CRIc. AB - Four monoclonal antibodies, each previously categorized as a member of the minor cross-reactive idiotypes of the A/J anti-p-azophenylarsonate (Ar) response, have been subjected to a detailed study of their idiotopes. All four were found to share at least one common public idiotope, with other public idiotopes expressed on some and not others of these antibodies. These CRIm were compared with 7 monoclonal anti-Ar derived from BALB/c mice that have been previously found to bear idiotopes of the BALB/c CRIc. Considerable homology of public idiotopes was demonstrated between the 4 A/J CRIm and 5 of the BALB/c CRIc(+) anti-Ar referred to as the 5AF6 family. The implications of these findings with respect to the structural basis and regulation of these idiotypes are discussed. PMID- 6608664 TI - Medical ethics: the Jewish point of view. PMID- 6608663 TI - Fc-dependent effector functions of idiotype-anti-idiotype immune complexes. AB - Some effector functions of antigen-antibody and antibody-antibody (idiotype-anti idiotype) complexes were analyzed. As a model system a monoclonal IgM antibody specific for the hapten NP (antibody B1-8) was reacted either with hapten and hapten-carrier conjugates or with monoclonal anti-idiotope antibodies with specificity for B1-8 idiotopes. The precipitating, C1q-binding, complement activating and Fc receptor binding properties of these complexes were compared. Binding of both hapten-carrier conjugates and anti-idiotope antibodies to B1-8 results in formation of complexes which depending on the B1-8:ligand ratio precipitate, activate complement, bind C1q and exhibit increased avidity for Fc mu and Fc gamma receptors of mouse spleen cells. In both types of complexes cross linking of IgM molecules is essential for triggering these Fc-dependent functions, and a functional heterogeneity if idiotype-anti-idiotope complexes based on different idiotype-anti-idiotope ratios could also be observed. The functional similarity of B1-8-hapten-carrier and B1-8-anti-idiotope complexes suggests that regulatory functions so far assigned to antigen-antibody complexes could be carried out also by idiotype-anti-idiotope complexes. PMID- 6608665 TI - Medical ethics: the Jewish point of view. PMID- 6608666 TI - Triage: from government to institutions. PMID- 6608667 TI - Triage: from institutions to departments. PMID- 6608668 TI - Rabbinic comment: Triage of resources. PMID- 6608669 TI - Triage: from departments to patients. PMID- 6608670 TI - Rabbinic comment: Triage of resources to patients. PMID- 6608671 TI - Abortion on demand. PMID- 6608672 TI - Genetics, amniocentesis, and abortion. PMID- 6608673 TI - Teenage pregnancies and abortion. PMID- 6608675 TI - The infant: right to privacy and patient's right to know. PMID- 6608674 TI - Rabbinic comment: Abortion. PMID- 6608676 TI - Rabbinic comment: The infant: right to privacy and patient's right to know. PMID- 6608677 TI - In vitro fertilization and extrauterine pregnancy ("test-tube" baby). PMID- 6608679 TI - The rights of adolescents in a medical setting. PMID- 6608678 TI - The infant with severe anomalies: should life-saving surgery be performed? PMID- 6608680 TI - Rabbinic comment: The rights of adolescents. PMID- 6608681 TI - Transplantation surgery. PMID- 6608682 TI - Rabbinic comment: Transplantation surgery. PMID- 6608683 TI - Rabbinic comment: Risk-benefit ratios. PMID- 6608685 TI - Rabbinic comment: In vitro fertilization and extrauterine pregnancy ("test-tube" baby). PMID- 6608684 TI - Definition of death and dying. PMID- 6608686 TI - Rabbinic comment: Definition of death and dying. PMID- 6608687 TI - Rabbinic comment: Autopsy. PMID- 6608688 TI - Old age: right to privacy and patient's right to know. PMID- 6608689 TI - Rabbinic comment: Old age: right to privacy and patient's right to know. PMID- 6608690 TI - Fungi causing superficial cutaneous mycoses in the district of Cracow. Part Two: The incidence of yeast-like fungi and moulds. PMID- 6608691 TI - Herpes zoster ophthalmicus in patients at risk for AIDS. PMID- 6608693 TI - Acquisition of specific cytotoxic activity by human T4+ T lymphocytes in culture. AB - Mature human T lymphocytes can be separated by monoclonal antibodies OKT4 and OKT8 according to their surface phenotypes into T4+T8- and T4-T8+ subsets. From short-term experiments using bulk cultures, the helper/inducer function has been assigned to the T4+T8- subset and the cytotoxic/suppressor function to the T4-T8+ subset. Thus if T lymphocytes are separated after stimulation in a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), the entire cytotoxic activity is found in the T4-T8+ fraction whereas the T4+T8- fraction shows no detectable cytotoxicity. If, however, T lymphocytes are cloned after MLR and grown in long-term culture, a surprisingly large fraction of T4+ T lymphocyte clones (TLC) shows cytotoxic activity. Here we report that T4+ TLC can acquire specific cytotoxicity during in vitro cultivation. PMID- 6608692 TI - Ventilatory support by pacing of the conditioned diaphragm in quadriplegia. AB - We provided full-time ventilatory support in five patients with respiratory paralysis accompanying quadriplegia by continuous electrical pacing of both hemidiaphragms simultaneously for 11 to 33 months through the application to the phrenic nerves of a low-frequency stimulus. The strength and endurance of the diaphragm muscle increased with pacing. Biopsy specimens taken from two patients who had uninterrupted stimulation for 6 and 16 weeks showed changes suggestive of the development of fatigue-resistant muscle fibers. When we compared these results with those of our earlier experience with intermittent unilateral stimulation of the diaphragm in 17 patients with respiratory paralysis, we found that continuous bilateral pacing using low-frequency stimulation appeared to be superior because of more efficient ventilation of both lungs, fewer total coulombs required to effect the same ventilation, and absence of myopathic changes in the diaphragm muscle. For patients with respiratory paralysis and intact phrenic nerves, continuous simultaneous pacing of both hemidiaphragms with low-frequency stimulation and a slow respiratory rate is a satisfactory method of providing full-time ventilatory support. PMID- 6608694 TI - Therapeutic potential of monovalent monoclonal antibodies. AB - One therapeutic use for monoclonal antibody technology is the elimination of categories of unwanted cells by virtue of their distinct cell surface antigens. The efficiency of cell destruction by complement lysis or opsonization depends on a number of factors such as antibody specificity and isotype as well as certain properties of the target antigen. In some instances cells can escape destruction by redistributing and eventually losing the antigen-antibody complexes from their surface. This process, known as antigenic modulation, generally depends on bivalent antibody binding. Starting from the observation that rabbit antisera can be made more effective at killing tumour cells if they are first rendered univalent by limited proteolysis, we have now prepared a number of monovalent rat monoclonal antibodies to human cell-surface antigens. We find that these antibodies are no longer able to bring about modulation of their target antigens and have an enhanced facility for lysis with human complement. These special properties should greatly increase the therapeutic potential of monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6608695 TI - Anti-idiotypic cytotoxic T cells in rats with graft-versus-host disease. AB - Transfer of parental strain T lymphocytes into F1 hybrid rats differing with respect to gene products of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) causes a graft-versus-host (GvH) reaction. This reaction results from recognition of host allogeneic MHC gene products by specific clones of donor T cells. When given systemically in sufficient numbers, these donor T cells cause a progressive, generally fatal wasting syndrome, an early feature of which includes extensive splenomegaly. A more local, non-fatal GvH reaction, marked by extensive enlargement of the draining lymph nodes, ensues when donor T cells are administered via the footpad. Here, we demonstrate that cells derived from the enlarged draining lymph nodes of A/B F1 animals undergoing local GvH disease caused by donor A T cells contain a subpopulation of host-derived killer T-cell precursors which can be activated to lyse specific blast cells, derived from mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC), reactive to host MHCb alloantigens. These 'anti idiotypic' cytolytic T cells lyse A anti-MHCb MLC blasts, and also, they lyse anti-MHCb MLC blasts from MHC different, third party rat strains. PMID- 6608696 TI - [Prevalence and treatment of psychiatric diseases in the general population. Results of a field study in 3 communities of Upper Bavaria]. PMID- 6608697 TI - Measurement of vitamin D metabolites in anephric subjects. AB - Circulating concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured in 21 anephric subjects. 13 subjects had no therapy with vitamin D, dihydrotachysterol or 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3. In 7 subjects of this group 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D was undetectable (less than 5 pmol/l). In the other 6 patients concentrations ranged from 10 to 43 pmol/l (reference value 111 +/- 33 pmol/l). All subjects taking high doses of vitamin D showed detectable 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations in the same range. Dihydrotachysterol therapy caused spuriously high '1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D' values, probably by interference of a metabolite of dihydrotachysterol in our assay. In subjects on vitamin D or dihydrotachysterol therapy 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were significantly elevated (314 +/- 146 nmol/l and 98 +/- 19 nmol/l, respectively; reference value 52 +/- 22 nmol/l). Concentrations of 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D were only measured in subjects without vitamin D2 intake. In general very low but detectable concentrations were found. One subject on a high dose of vitamin D3 showed a 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 concentration of 10.2 nmol/l (reference value 4.4 +/- 2.9 nmol/l). Our results therefore confirm earlier reports on extrarenal synthesis of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and suggest that there may be extrarenal production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D as well. PMID- 6608698 TI - Vestibular stimulation and eye contact in autistic children. AB - Five autistic boys ages 5-1 to 5-10 were studied to determine whether stimulation of the macular receptors of the inner ear through linear motion influences the boys' eye contact with the investigators. The duration of eye contact was measured during linear motion on a motor-driven oscillator and on two hand operated swings and compared to the duration of eye contact when the macular receptors were not stimulated. Because the boys varied in cooperation, the tests could not be performed using the same apparatus with each child; therefore results were analyzed separately for each child. Four of the five boys showed longer eye contact while on the motor driven oscillator (p less than .0005), and two of these also showed longer contact when on a manually operated swing (p less than .025). The fifth child resisted the use of the oscillator and did not show longer eye contact while on it (p greater than .05), but did so when on two different swings (p less than .005). PMID- 6608699 TI - Peripheral nerve allograft: an immunological assessment of pretreatment methods. AB - An in vivo immunological assay was used to determine quantitatively the nerve allograft response in a rat model. The nerve allograft was then pretreated with a number of pretreatment methods that have been used clinically and experimentally. Using the same immunological assay to determine quantitatively the nerve allograft response, we found that lyophilization and high doses of irradiation could modify the nerve allograft in such a way as to make it less immunogenetic to the host animal. The other methods of pretreatment did not alter the antigenicity of the allograft. PMID- 6608700 TI - Purkinje cell maturation in the frog cerebellum during thyroxine-induced metamorphosis. AB - Purkinje cell maturation during thyroxine-induced metamorphosis in premetamorphic bullfrog tadpoles was studied using electron microscopy and Golgi (silver impregnated) preparations. Cerebella from tadpoles were examined following 1, 2, or 3 weeks of thyroxine treatment. Particular attention was paid to possible differences between the two populations of Purkinje cells previously described, i.e. (i) the smaller population located in the dorsal part of the cerebellum, where the Purkinje cells show dendritic arborization long before the appearance of the external granular layer, and (ii) the larger population located in the middle and ventral regions of the cerebellum, where the Purkinje cells begin to undergo maturation during metamorphosis when the external granular layer is established. Following thyroxine treatment, both populations of Purkinje cells showed rapid maturational change. In the mature (dorsal) group, dendritic growth resumed in the presence of an external granular layer increasing the complexity of their dendritic arbors. Moreover, climbing fiber synapses translocated from contacts on the soma to the thorns of growing dendrites, and somatic processes often disappeared. The immature (ventral) group showed dramatic differentiation of the perikaryon including polarization of cytoplasm with subsequent dendritic outgrowth and formation of somatic processes in the presence of climbing fibers. Stellate cell contacts appeared on the smooth portion of the soma of many Purkinje cells. Dendritic growth during thyroxine-induced metamorphosis was characterized by growth (elongation) with minimal branching, which is initially observed during spontaneous metamorphosis. Typically, these growing dendrites ended in growth cones, some with one or several filopodia. Developing Purkinje cell dendritic spines formed synapses with parallel fibers. The present study has provided an example of the dramatic nature of thyroxine's action in inducing the complex series of detailed maturational changes in the cerebellum 1-2 yr ahead of schedule. In addition, the results show that thyroxine-induced Purkinje cell maturation is more rapid and synchronous than that seen during spontaneous metamorphosis. It is concluded that Purkinje cell maturation during metamorphosis is largely dependent on thyroid hormone. PMID- 6608701 TI - [General anesthesia and the immunocompetent system]. PMID- 6608703 TI - [Response of the body to tuberculous infection]. AB - After a summary of the aspecific defensive host mechanisms against bacteria, Author examines the granulocytes structure containing A and B granules, and he observes that phagocytosis is different in extension and in significance into granulocytes or into macrophages. Particularly, M. tuberculosis can survive and multiply into macrophages. This fact can explain the further pathologic tubercular manifestations, that morphologically are dominated by granulomas forming. Activated macrophages are important in granulomas forming, but also the role of a specific response needs be considered. From an attentive investigation of recent literature, we can demonstrate that T lymphocytes are the main defending agents against M. tuberculosis, through interaction with macrophages. This picture is a step forward to understand the antitubercular defensive mechanisms and it is a useful acquisition also in clinical practice. PMID- 6608702 TI - [Short bowel syndrome. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6608704 TI - [Diseases associated with tuberculosis]. AB - The characteristics of the immunological picture give some concepts and judgement elements about the combined diseases. On this subject, the significant index of higher tuberculosis incidence in patients with silicosis is paradigmatic. Furthermore chronic dismetabolisms and gamma-globulins immunodeficiencies support tuberculosis developing. However this matter is still object of several studies, as in the case of the relationships between tuberculosis and sarcoidosis, but at any rate immunological research results essential. PMID- 6608705 TI - [Load test with high-dosage methylfolate and folinate by intravenous administration in pregnancy at term]. PMID- 6608706 TI - Mental health in an Ohio jail community. PMID- 6608707 TI - Lest we forget--or, every procedure carries risk. AB - In 1980 a 71-year-old white female had a cataract extraction with insertion of a posterior chamber lens. Postoperative visual acuity was 20/20, J1. Two years following her first operation, the patient was admitted to the hospital as a day surgery patient; using a two-needle technique an uncomplicated discission of a secondary cataract was performed in the operating room. Vision improved from 20/100 to 20/40. Four days later, she developed an endophthalmitis. PMID- 6608708 TI - Pseudoexfoliation: epidemiology, clinical and scanning electron microscopic study. AB - The prevalence of pseudoexfoliation among patients of Sephardic origin was more than twice the expected when compared with the ethnic distribution of the population consulting the Rambam Medical Center eye clinic. A strong association between brown irises and pseudoexfoliation was noted. No uniform scanning electron microscope pattern was seen of the pseudoexfoliation. PMID- 6608709 TI - Unusual superficial confluent form of granular corneal dystrophy. AB - A 53-year-old Japanese woman had corneal opacification due to granular dystrophy (GCD) since childhood. Clinically, unusual bilateral confluent dense granular opacities with a peripheral rim of clear cornea were observed. Her mother and daughter have a milder form of GCD, with circumscribed opacities separated by clear stroma. Light and electron microscopy of the patient's corneal button showed that the opacities involved the corneal epithelium as well as the stroma. PMID- 6608710 TI - Familial corneal scarring: a new dystrophy? AB - A 34-year-old white man with skin manifestations of the epidermal nevus syndrome was found to have anesthetic corneas, dry eyes, and localized opaque nodular elevations of both corneas. Similar corneal lesions, unassociated with corneal anesthesia, were found in four family members. Histology of corneal biopsies from the proband revealed superficial stromal scarring. The possible relationship between this familial condition and Salzmann's nodular corneal dystrophy, Goldenhar syndrome, and epidermal nevus syndrome is discussed. PMID- 6608711 TI - Postextraction hemorrhage in a young male patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - A case of a 13-year-old boy with prolonged bleeding after tooth extraction is reported. This was the first manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus found to be associated with circulating anticoagulants, including the "lupus anticoagulant," and possible hypoprothrombinemia. PMID- 6608712 TI - [Pathogenetic significance of joint instability in rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6608713 TI - Assessment of children's colour vision using the Pickford-Nicolson anomaloscope. AB - The colour vision of 439 boys, aged 4-11 years, was measured by the Pickford Nicolson anomaloscope and four pseudoisochromatic tests. Matching range and dispersion of mid match point were found to be larger than adult values, but did not decrease with age. However, younger children took longer to establish matching range. Twenty-eight (6.4%) colour defectives were found and it is concluded that the Pickford-Nicolson anomaloscope gives valid results with children. PMID- 6608714 TI - The effect of restricted viewing time on the performance of colour defectives using the City University Colour Vision Test. AB - The effect of restricting viewing time to 3.75 ms on the performance of seven red/green colour defectives is studied using the City University Colour Vision Test. One further subject who was screened as colour-defective but not classified on the City plates was studied in the same way and results for this subject are presented separately. The results are compared to those for normal observers who exhibit a tritan-classified defect when viewing time is restricted to 3.75 ms. PMID- 6608715 TI - Marijuana: a crude drug with a spectrum of underappreciated toxicity. PMID- 6608716 TI - Frostbite. PMID- 6608717 TI - The effects of immunosuppressive drugs on human immunocompetence. AB - Immunosuppressive drugs are agents capable of suppressing the development of at least one type of immune response in vivo at doses with minimal side-effects. After an introduction in which different types of immune responses are briefly discussed, some characteristics regarding the mechanism of action of prednisolone, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide and anti-lymphocyte serum (ALS) will be reviewed. Corticosteroids display mainly an anti-inflammatory effect. The immunosuppressive effect of azathioprine is questionable, cyclophosphamide influences the immune system itself and ALS suppresses fairly specific cellular immunity. PMID- 6608718 TI - Adrenal modulation of the inhibitory effect of corticotropin releasing factor on feeding. AB - Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) reduces food intake in rats after central administration. In these studies we examined whether the adrenal gland and the vagus were involved in CRF suppression of intake. One hour intake was reduced by a 5 micrograms (ICV) injection of CRF in sham but not adrenalectomized rats maintained on 0.9% NaCl. In a separate experiment on rats maintained on tap water, the inhibitory effect of CRF (5 micrograms) lasted at least 4 hours in sham rats whereas adrenalectomized rats did not significantly differ from controls. These experiments suggest that the adrenal gland modulates the feeding response to CRF. As replacement with corticosterone (0.75 mg/kg) in total adrenalectomized rats did not restore responsiveness to 5 or 10 micrograms of CRF, we next studied whether the adrenal medulla was responsible for the decreased responsiveness to CRF. In rats lacking the adrenal medulla only, food intake was reduced by a 5 microgram injection of CRF; in sham rats, intake was significantly reduced by doses as low as 0.1 microgram of CRF. An additional experiment examined the effect of gastric vagotomy on the CRF feeding response. Vagotomized rats were as responsive to 5 and 10 microgram injections of CRF as sham rats, which suggests that the effect is not dependent on the vagus nerve. These findings indicate that the adrenal gland, primarily the medulla, plays an intermediate role in the reduction of food intake caused by central injections of CRF. This conclusion is consistent with the known effect of CRF on adrenomedullary discharge. PMID- 6608719 TI - Immunohistological detection of degenerating CRF-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the median eminence after lesion of paraventricular nucleus of the rat. A light and electron microscopic study. AB - Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)-immunoreactive neurons were detected in the paraventricular nuclei (PVN) of the rat brain, using both the traditional and the recently developed silver-gold intensified PAP methods at light and electron microscopic levels. The latter technique was more sensitive, compared to the classical PAP method, and proved to be highly specific at the ultrastructural level. The immunolabeled perikarya showed smooth or rough contoured fusiform or multipolar shape. Bilateral surgical destruction of PVN caused a gradual decrease in the number of CRF-immunopositive fibers of the median eminence. Following the second post-operative week, CRF-immunoreactivity practically disappeared from this area. In the case of unilateral lesion of PVN, the diminution of immunoreactivity was restricted to the ipsilateral side of the median eminence pituitary stalk region. Applying the silver-gold intensified PAP method to electron microscopy, the detection of immuno-labeled degenerating fibers became possible, among morphologically similar, densely degenerating, but unlabeled, profiles. This study reports that CRF fibers to the capillary system of the median eminence of the rat originate principally from PVN. PMID- 6608720 TI - Antipyretic effect of centrally administered CRF. AB - CRF injected into the third cerebral ventricle (0.5-2.5 micrograms) caused dose related reductions in fever induced in rabbits by IV administration of leukocytic pyrogen. Control injections of CRF when the same animals were afebrile did not alter normal body temperature. Intravenous injections of 5 and 20 micrograms CRF, doses known to release ACTH and corticosteroids into the bloodstream in other species, did not reduce fever. CRF injected into the cerebral ventricles may be antipyretic per se, or it may reduce fever by virtue of central release of the antipyretic peptides ACTH and alpha-MSH. PMID- 6608721 TI - [Pneumocystis pneumonia as an expression of acquired immune deficiency (AIDS) in homosexual men]. PMID- 6608722 TI - [Atypical case of Shereshevskii-Turner syndrome associated with Kartagener syndrome]. PMID- 6608723 TI - [Vestibular function in female transport workers with cervical osteochondrosis]. AB - A complex study was carried out on the vestibular disorders in 60 transport workers with cervical osteochondrosis in order to determine their incidence and character. The workers' age was from 20 to 60 and a length of service as drivers of transport vehicles - from 3 to 16 and even more years. The vestibular system was studied with regard to spontaneous nystagmic manifestations, the state of stato-kinetics, via experimental rotation and caloric provocations. Changes were observed in space-time perception after the provocation, rheographic hemodynamic changes and serum-biochemical deviations in organism. With the X-ray studies on the cervical segment of the spine, various manifestations of cervical osteochondrosis were found in 40.3 per cent of the subjects observed. The predominating changes were in the region of C4-C7 (in 29.2%). Two-three segpents were affected in the majority of the patients. Uncovertebral arthorosis, narrowing of the intervertebral foramina were found as well as osteophytes of the bodies of the vertebrae, etc. Those manifestations correlated with the vestibular disorders of the respective side, confirmed via rheography (bi- and fronto mastoid). The vestibular deviations were reduced to dynamic ataxia - positive Romberg test (75.8%), deviations in the gait (57.9%), tendency to hyperreflexia, particularly for the horizontal-rotatory substrates of the vestibular analyzers. The vestibular dysfunction was clearly outlined with the juxtaposition of the data with those of the control group of subjects selected from the patients with functional deviations. Valuable conclusions were drawn concerning the medical occupational fitness of the transport workers as well as concerning traffic safety. PMID- 6608724 TI - Increasing the intracellular Na+ concentration induces differentiation in a pre-B lymphocyte cell line. AB - The ability of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a polyclonal B-cell mitogen, to induce differentiation in the pre-B cell tumor line 70Z/3 can be mimicked by drugs that increase the intracellular Na+ concentration. Pharmacologically increasing the cellular Na+ content with monensin, a sodium ionophore, or ouabain, a specific inhibitor of Na+, K+-ATPase, induces surface IgM expression in these cells. We have shown that LPS stimulates uptake of Na+ through an amiloride-sensitive pathway. These results show that the essential action of LPS to induce surface IgM expression is activation of a Na+ uptake system. PMID- 6608725 TI - Human natural killer cells, activated lymphocyte killer cells, and monocytes possess similar cytotoxic mechanisms. AB - The relationship between the killing mechanisms of human natural killer (NK) cells, mitogen- and mixed-lymphocyte-culture-induced activated lymphocyte killer (ALK) cells, and monocytes was investigated with a monoclonal antibody. The IgG2 antibody 9.1C3 was prepared from mice immunized with purified human large granular lymphocytes and selected from clones that inhibited NK cell killing. The 9.1C3 antibody bound to all mononuclear cells but not to granulocytes or K562 cells, and it selectively blocked killing of K562 targets by both NK and ALK cells without affecting the binding of effector to target cells. The antibody blocked killing when present from time zero and it still inhibited partially even when added 1 hr after initiation of the lytic reaction. Killing of Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B lymphoblasts by classical cytotoxic T lymphocytes was not inhibited. Of interest, 9.1C3 did block the killing of K562 target cells by cultured peripheral blood monocytes. Other monoclonal antibodies that bound to monocytes did not block killing, and a nonspecific effect of the antibody on monocytes was excluded. These data suggest that NK cells, ALK cells, and monocytes can kill tumor cell targets by using similar lytic mechanisms. PMID- 6608726 TI - Monensin prevents terminal glycosylation of the N- and O-linked oligosaccharides of the HLA-DR-associated invariant chain and inhibits its dissociation from the alpha-beta chain complex. AB - In B-lymphoblastoid cells, the HLA-DR-associated invariant chain is processed to a form containing O-linked as well as N-linked oligosaccharides. After neuraminidase treatment, the O-linked carbohydrate is susceptible to digestion with an endoglycosidase (endo-beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase) that cleaves glycans with the structure Gal(beta 1----3)-GalNAc-Ser/Thr, and sialic acid can be added back to this core oligosaccharide by specific sialyltransferases. Treatment of cells with the sodium ionophore monensin markedly affects the post translational processing of the invariant chain, although that of associated alpha and beta chains is minimally affected. Only a small portion of the N-linked carbohydrate on the invariant chain is processed to an endoglycosidase-H resistant form. The sialic acid residues normally found on the O-linked glycans are not added, but at least the first residue, GalNAc, is added. In addition to the changes in glycosylation, an intracellular accumulation of HLA-DR antigens also occurs in monensin-treated cells. The accumulation of HLA-DR antigens and the overall slower turnover rates of the alpha, beta, and invariant polypeptides observed after monensin treatment probably reflects the build-up of newly synthesized proteins in Golgi apparatus-derived vacuoles coupled with a decrease in normal degradation in lysosomes. PMID- 6608727 TI - Artifacts caused by cell microinjection. AB - The effects of microinjection on Rana pipiens oocytes were determined using cryomicrodissection to measure Na, K, water, and injected radiolabeled sucrose (in gelatin) in the nucleus, animal, and vegetal ooplasm and injected bolus (reference phase, RP). The results point to potential problems in the interpretation of microinjection experiments. When oocytes were injected and incubated in Ringer's solution, nucleus, ooplasm, and RP lost K and sucrose and gained Na. Patterns of loss and gain were complex but were consistent with continuous solute leakage at the injection site causing artifactual intracellular diffusion gradients. In spite of leakage, oocytes completed scheduled meiotic maturation when exposed to progesterone. When oocytes were microinjected and incubated in paraffin oil (a medium in which polar solutes cannot exchange), nuclear and ooplasmic Na, K, and water concentrations remained identical to those in uninjected cells. Neither microinjection per se nor the injected bolus affected intraoocytic solute distributions. These findings imply that, after microinjection in aqueous media, metabolites are lost from and redistribute in cells, and that these artifactual changes are inadequately reflected in the ability of the cell to carry out a complex process. They also show that injection artifacts can be avoided by injecting and incubating cells under paraffin oil. PMID- 6608728 TI - Biochemical and anatomical effects of antibodies against nerve growth factor on developing rat sensory ganglia. AB - The importance of nerve growth factor (NGF) for the development of sensory ganglia was investigated by injecting rat fetuses (16.50 days of gestation) with a single dose of anti-NGF antiserum. Four months later the treated animals showed a very large decrease in substance P- and somatostatin-like immunoreactivities in dorsal root ganglia and skin with a lesser decrease in trigeminal ganglia. Fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase, substance P-, and somatostatin-like immunoreactivities were greatly decreased in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. No change in neurotensin- and [Met]enkephalin-like immunoreactivities was observed. The anti-NGF antiserum treatment produced a greater than 90% decrease in the number of unmyelinated dorsal root fibers and a 35% decrease in the total number of myelinated fibers. The loss in myelinated fibers was restricted to small-diameter fibers with no change in large-diameter fibers. No change in taste bud morphology was noted, thereby refuting the proposal that anti-NGF antiserum treatment may represent an animal model for familial dysautonomia. The present results indicate that NGF is a necessary requirement for the normal development of a significant population of prenatal rat dorsal root ganglion cells. PMID- 6608729 TI - T-cell growth factor: complete nucleotide sequence and organization of the gene in normal and malignant cells. AB - Using a cloned cDNA copy of T-cell growth factor (TCGF) mRNA from the Jurkat leukemic T-cell line, we have isolated three overlapping TCGF genomic clones from a human DNA library. The entire TCGF gene is contained within two adjacent EcoRI fragments spanning about 8 kilobases. The complete nucleic acid sequence was determined. The gene is divided into four exons. The 5' untranslated region and the first 49 amino acids of the protein, 20 of which constitute a signal polypeptide and are not present in the secreted protein, are encoded by the first exon. Exons 2 and 3, separated from each other by a long intervening sequence, contain coding information for the next 20 and 48 amino acids, respectively. The remaining 36 amino acids and the 3' untranslated region are contained in the fourth exon. A promoter sequence T-A-T-A-A-A is present 77 base pairs (bp) upstream from the translation initiation site, and a CAT homology region occurs 104 bp upstream from the initiation site. A putative site for initiation of mRNA transcription was identified 53 bp 5' of the translation initiation codon. The organization of the gene was shown by Southern blot analysis to be identical in normal peripheral blood lymphocytes and in a variety of malignant lymphoid cell types. Restriction analysis of these cellular DNAs produced results exactly as predicted by the map for the cloned genomic TCGF, indicating that there is only a single copy of the human TCGF gene. PMID- 6608730 TI - Mechanism of T-cell lymphomagenesis: transformation of growth-factor-dependent T lymphoblastoma cells to growth-factor-independent T-lymphoma cells. AB - In a previous paper we described the induction by x-irradiation or radiation induced leukemia virus-inoculation of two classes of lymphoid T-cell neoplasms: The first class, designated T-cell lymphoblastoma (TCLB), consists of growth factor-dependent eudiploid cells that home to the spleen and give rise to splenic tumors on injection into syngeneic mice; the second class, designated T-cell lymphoma (TCL), consists of growth-factor-independent aneuploid or pseudodiploid cells that give rise to local tumors at the site of subcutaneous injection. This paper describes the generation of a family of growth-factor-independent aneuploid or pseudodiploid TCL cells after the injection into the thymus of growth-factor dependent diploid TCLB cells. In contrast to the donor TCLB cells, the resulting TCL cells could be cloned in semisolid medium, produced local tumors at the site of subcutaneous injection, and proliferated in a growth-factor-independent fashion in vitro. The induced growth-factor-independent TCL cells were chromosomally and phenotypically unstable and continued to evolve both in vivo and in vitro. After propagation in the thymus, the cells often showed stable translocations in addition to the evolving aneuploidy. We propose that the chromosome abnormalities induced during the proliferation of growth-factor dependent TCLB cells in the thymus constitute a general mechanism by which neoplastic cells progress from growth-factor dependency to independency. PMID- 6608731 TI - Effects of food restriction on aging: separation of food intake and adiposity. AB - Restricted feeding of rodents increases longevity, but its mechanism of action is not understood. We studied the effects of life-long food restriction in genetically obese and normal mice of the same inbred strain in order to distinguish whether the reduction in food intake or the reduction in adiposity (percentage of fatty tissue) was the critical component in retarding the aging process. This was possible because food-restricted obese (ob/ob) mice maintained a high degree of adiposity. In addition to determining longevities, changes with age were measured in collagen, immune responses, and renal function. Genetically obese female mice highly congenic with the C57BL/6J inbred strain had substantially reduced longevities and increased rates of aging in tail tendon collagen and thymus-dependent immune responses, but not in urine-concentrating abilities. When their weight was held in a normal range by feeding restricted amounts, longevities were extended almost 50%, although these food-restricted ob/ob mice still had high levels of adiposity, with fat composing about half of their body weights. Their maximum longevities exceeded those of normal C57BL/6J mice and were similar to longevities of equally food-restricted normal mice that were much leaner. Food restricted ob/ob mice had greatly retarded rates of collagen aging, but the rapid losses with age in splenic immune responses were not mitigated. Thus, the extension of life-span by food restriction was inversely related to food consumption and corresponded to the aging rate of collagen. These results suggest that aging is a combination of independent processes; they show that reduced food consumption, not reduced adiposity, is the important component in extending longevity of genetically obese mice. PMID- 6608733 TI - Sodium transport in Rana pipiens gastric mucosa. AB - The transport properties of frog gastric mucosa in vitro have been reexamined in conditions analogous to those used in studies on mammalian systems in which net movements of sodium were observed. Net transport of sodium across frog gastric mucosa was not observed to occur when the mucosal surface was bathed with a well buffered solution of near neutral pH, indicating that failure to demonstrate sodium transport across frog stomach in previous work could not be ascribed to the low pH value of the solution usually used as the mucosal fluid. Addition of 5 X 10(-4) M amphotericin B to the mucosal solution elicited net transport of sodium and an increase in short-circuit current. These findings indicate that sodium transport may contribute to the electrolyte physiology of frog gastric mucosa in some experimental conditions, and may limit the utility of the three variable model proposed by Hogben. PMID- 6608734 TI - Glucocorticoid receptor levels predict response to treatment in human lymphoma. AB - Neoplastic tumor masses from 47 adults with B cell malignant lymphomas were examined for glucocorticoid receptors and in vitro sensitivity to glucocorticoids. The patients were then treated with dexamethasone as a single agent for 5-14 days. Forty-seven percent of patients achieved at least a partial remission; 40% had no significant tumor response. Lymphoma cells from patients who responded had significantly more glucocorticoid receptor sites per cell and greater in vitro sensitivity as measured by glucocorticoid inhibition of incorporation of thymidine than did tumor cells from non-responders. Using a receptor level of 3000 sites/cell, response could accurately be predicted in 82% of patients. Our data suggest that study of tumor glucocorticoid receptors and glucocorticoid sensitivity in vitro may allow selection of those patients with lymphoma who should receive glucocorticoids as part of combination chemotherapy. PMID- 6608732 TI - Corticotropin-releasing factor-immunoreactive neurons of the paraventricular nucleus become vasopressin positive after adrenalectomy. AB - The immunoperoxidase technique was used to study the effect of adrenalectomy on vasopressin (VP) immunoreactivity in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of rat. In control animals, relatively few VP-immunostained parvocellular neurons were found in addition to a large population of magnocellular VP neurons. Seven to 14 days after bilateral adrenalectomy, VP immunostaining increased markedly in specific subdivisions of the paraventricular nucleus. In contrast to normal animals, VP immunoreactivity was localized in a large number of parvocellular neurons. Colchicine treatment, on the other hand, did not significantly increase the number of VP-immunostained parvocellular neurons found in control rats. These observations suggest that adrenalectomy increases the number of VP-positive neurons and appears to increase the intensity of VP immunoreactivity specifically in parvocellular neurons. VP parvocellular neurons are confined to those paraventricular nucleus subdivisions that are known to project to the external zone of the median eminence. Moreover, their distribution pattern is very similar, if not identical, to that of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) immunoreactive cells. Parvocellular neurons on adjacent thin sections could be stained for both CRF and VP. Thus, adrenalectomy seems to increase VP staining in CRF immunoreactive parvocellular neurons, which innervate the external zone of the median eminence. PMID- 6608735 TI - Site-specific naloxone blockade of brain self-stimulation duration. AB - Moderate doses of naloxone (1, 5, 10 mg/kg) did not reduce response rate measured by the initiation of intracranial self-stimulation bursts to the medial forebrain bundle or central gray, at several current intensities (30, 60, or 90 microA). Raising current intensity rates and duration of lever pressing at both sites. Naloxone produced a dose dependent reduction in self-selected current duration at both sites averaged over intensity. However, naloxone completely blocked the effect of intensity only at the gray site. In contrast to research showing effects of only high naloxone doses (e.g., 40 mg/kg) on self-stimulation at opiate-rich and opiate-poor receptor sites, this study indicates that endogenous opiates and opiate receptor mechanisms interact with aversive properties to modify central gray self-stimulation. PMID- 6608736 TI - Effects of norepinephrine and serotonin uptake inhibitors on the schedule controlled behavior of the pigeon. AB - The effects of nortriptyline, amitriptyline, desipramine, chlorimipramine, protriptyline, doxepin, nisoxetine, fluoxetine and iprindole were determined on responding by pigeons under a multiple fixed-ratio 30-response, fixed-interval 10 minute schedule of grain presentation. Those drugs which have been shown to block uptake of norepinephrine decreased fixed-interval quarter-life values. Those which are considered most selective as norepinephrine uptake inhibitors also increased overall fixed-interval responding. These increases in fixed-interval responding, both on local and overall rates, in pigeons appear to be due to the actions of these drugs to inhibit uptake of norepinephrine rather than to other actions. PMID- 6608738 TI - The measurement of resolution in single photon emission computerised tomography. PMID- 6608737 TI - Postsynaptic serotonergic blockade following chronic antidepressive treatment with trazodone in an animal model of depression. AB - Acute pretreatment with clinically equivalent doses of antidepressive drugs has been observed to block D,L-5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) induced behavioral depression in rats working on a food-reinforced operant schedule. Data from studies designed to distinguish presynaptic from postsynaptic events, indicated that the antidepressants were acting in part as blockers of postsynaptic serotonergic receptors. Using the same 5-HTP model of depression, we studied both the chronic and acute effects of a recently introduced antidepressant, triazolopyridine compound. Rats working for milk reinforcement and exhibiting behavioral depression following administration of 50 mg/kg 5-HTP were pretreated (one hr before 5-HTP) with 1, 2, or 4 mg/kg trazodone with resulting blockade of 5-HTP induced depression of 35, 62 and 70% respectively. Chronic administration of trazodone (2 mg/kg trazodone/day) also resulted in a significant blockade of the 5-HTP effect (75%). Neither 2 mg/kg or 4 mg/kg trazodone was found to potentiate the shorter period of depression following 25 mg/kg 5-HTP. Chronic treatment with the antidepressant drugs, amitriptyline or mianserin also blocked 5-HTP depression. Thus, as in our earlier studies, these data suggest an important postsynaptic mechanism associated with chronic administration of trazodone, amitriptyline and mianserin which could be implicated in the therapeutic effectiveness of these drugs. The potency of trazodone in relation to other antidepressant drugs in our behavioral model of depression paralleled their potency in displacing radioligand binding to 5-HT receptors, and gives additional support for the new hypersensitive postsynaptic serotonin receptor theory of depression. PMID- 6608739 TI - Lateral electrical surface stimulation as an alternative to bracing in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis. Treatment protocol and patient acceptance. AB - The purpose of this article is twofold. The first is to describe the management by physical therapists of patients using lateral electrical surface stimulation (LESS) for the treatment of progressive idiopathic scoliosis. In this treatment, electrodes are placed on the convex side of the curve in the region of the posterior to midaxillary line to produce a corrective force. Stimulation is applied nightly as the patient sleeps. Treatment is monitored by regular checkups and is stopped at achievement of skeletal maturity. No other treatment or exercises are necessary. The second purpose is to present the results of a questionnaire given to patients who had used LESS for at least six months. Fifty seven patients and their parents responded to questions on scoliosis, acceptance of LESS treatment, and comparison of LESS treatment with previous brace treatment, if appropriate. Results indicated that many of the brace-associated problems were eliminated, and patient acceptance was high. PMID- 6608740 TI - Electrical stimulation to reduce chronic toe-flexor hypertonicity. A case report. AB - Electrical stimulation reduces hypertonicity, but the mechanism for the effectiveness is not well understood. In this particular case, electrical stimulation to the toe extensors resulted in inhibition of the toe-flexor hypertonicity. This phenomenon may be explained by Sherrington's theory of reciprocal inhibition. Liberson found that electrical stimulation of an agonist is associated with a concomitant inhibition of the antagonist in the healthy individual. I applied Liberson's findings in my treatment of the patient. By facilitating the toe extensors, and thus inhibiting the toe flexors, toe posturing improved considerably and allowed the patient volitionally to control his toes, which, in turn, improved his foot and toe comfort. Stimulation also allowed the patient to assume a plantigrade and forefoot weight-bearing position to improve his gait. This patient benefitted dramatically from the use of electrical stimulation in inhibiting hypertonicity, and I believe this modality may be helpful in other cases dealing with increased muscle tone. The patient will continue to be observed on a regular basis for reassessment of the long-term effects of electrical stimulation on hypertonicity and on the skin at the electrode sites. PMID- 6608741 TI - Electron probe X-ray microanalysis of K, Rb, Cs, and T1 in cryosections of striated muscle. AB - Muscles containing the normal amount of K+ or loaded with Rb+, Cs+, or T1+ were cryofixed, cryosectioned and analysed by electron probe X-ray microanalysis. Previously reported results obtained with independent methods were confirmed: The alkali-metals and T1 are mainly localized in the A bands and at Z lines of the striated muscle. The results are in accordance with the association-induction hypothesis and the concept that K+ is physically adsorbed onto beta- and gamma carboxyl side chains of myosin and other proteins. PMID- 6608742 TI - Ionic milieu and volume adjustments in detergent-extracted thymic nuclei. AB - Detergent-extracted isolated thymic lymphocyte nuclei were incubated in buffers containing 3 mM Ca++ and Mg++ and varying concentrations of Na+ and K+. Nuclei in 15 mM K+, 15 mM Na+ had a smaller size, smaller interchromatin spaces, and less packed chromatin than nuclei in the absence of these ions, but their water content relative to dry mass was not significantly different. NMR relaxation properties of water protons in these different nuclei were different, and nuclei in 15 mM K+, 15 mM Na+ contained twice as much K and Na as in the buffer solution. These findings indicate that the hydration of chromatin bodies and the size of the interchromatin spaces are sensitive to the free monovalent ion concentrations. When isolated nuclei were exposed to solutions containing 150 mM total concentration of K + Na, the nucleoplasm became disrupted and the hydration index was greater. The results are discussed in regard to possible mechanisms of nuclear volume control in cells. PMID- 6608743 TI - The effect of chlorpromazine and dibucaine on phospholipid metabolism in the frog sartorius muscle. AB - The effect of cationic amphiphilic drugs, chlorpromazine and dibucaine, on phospholipid metabolism in the frog sartorius muscle was studied at concentrations affecting excitation-contraction coupling. Labelling patterns of phospholipids using 32P orthophosphate were determined. The drugs at a concentration of 3.10(-4) mol/l inhibited the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine and stimulated the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine. At the 3.10(-3) mol/l concentration the drugs blocked the synthesis of all phospholipids without appreciably affecting their degradation. The effect of cationic amphiphilic drugs was independent of the presence of Ca2+ or K+ ions in the media, however, basal labelling of phospholipids was affected by withdrawal of Ca2+ or K+ ions. PMID- 6608744 TI - Hormone response to 5-HTP: a reply. PMID- 6608745 TI - Immunological and clinical aspects of kidney disease in endemic typhoid fever in Iran. AB - Immunological events in the acute, recovery and convalescent stages of typhoid fever were correlated with the occurrence of renal disease in 24 consecutively selected patients. Serum complement levels (C3) were significantly reduced in patients with renal disease during the acute state (p less than 0.01) and increased to normal levels in the recovery phase. IgG and IgM immunoglobulin levels were significantly lower than control values in all three stages (p less than 0.05). While IgA levels were elevated to above control levels in patients with and without renal disease in all three stages, IgA levels were lower in patients with renal disease compared to those without renal involvement in the acute stage (p less than 0.025). The percentage of T cells was increased significantly in all three stages (p less than 0.01). Seven patients showed renal abnormalities. All of them had glomerular disease demonstrated by proteinuria of 1.0 g or greater per 24 h, associated with significant haematuria. Almost all of these patients were glucose-six-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G.6.P.D.) deficient. Serum blood urea nitrogen was elevated in five of these patients who were G.6.P.D. deficient, and two of them developed classical acute tubular necrosis. It appears that renal involvement in typhoid fever commonly occurs as transient glomerular or tubular disease in G.6.P.D. deficient individuals. Glomerular disease is associated with a decrease in serum complement (C3) level in acute stage. PMID- 6608746 TI - CT of acoustic neuroma and other tumors of the ear. AB - Computed tomography is the primary radiologic tool for evaluation of ear tumors. This article divides the temporal bone into several geographic regions, and the evaluation of tumors in each of these areas is discussed. PMID- 6608747 TI - [Pulmonary fibrosis in histiocytosis X]. AB - This paper reports on a 23-year-old man suffering from pulmonary fibrosis caused by localised histiocytosis X. Although chest film examination shows diffuse pulmonary involvement the patient is asymptomatic. No other organ systems are involved. The different forms and prognosis of histiocytosis X are discussed. PMID- 6608748 TI - Vasoconstrictive effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha angiography on colonic lesions. AB - In a study of 54 patients with a variety of lesions, prostaglandin F2 alpha pharmacoangiography produced vasoconstrictive effects in both neoplastic and inflammatory lesions of the colon. These effects occurred only at the affected sites and their immediate vicinity. Vasoconstriction seemed to correlate directly with the vascularity of the lesion, rather than with pathogenesis. Less marked vasoconstriction was seen in renal lesions. No vasoconstrictive effects were recognized in liver, soft tissue, or bone tumors. Thus prostaglandin F2 alpha acts as a vasodilator in normal human colonic vessels, while it acts as a vasoconstrictor in colonic lesions. The potential use of prostaglandin F2 alpha in the control of bleeding colonic lesions is also discussed. PMID- 6608749 TI - Gelfoam powder embolization of the left gastric artery in treatment of massive small-vessel gastric bleeding. AB - Gelfoam (gelatin foam) powder was used for embolization therapy of massive gastric bleeding from small vessels in 14 patients with severe underlying medical problems. Bleeding was controlled in 10 patients with lesions localized in areas supplied by the embolized left gastric artery. In four patients with concurrent lesions in other portions of the stomach, bleeding decreased only (3 patients) or did not respond to embolization (1 patient). Complications developed in 2 patients with compromised vascular supply of the stomach: superficial ischemic ulcers that healed, and a large ulcer that perforated and required surgery. Microscopic studies demonstrated Gelfoam powder penetration mostly into vessels 100 to 200 microns in diameter and only occasionally into smaller vessels 50 to 60 microns, with occlusion of approximately 10 to 15% of the vasculature. It is concluded that Gelfoam fragments are the primary embolic material to be used for occlusion of the left gastric artery. Use of Gelfoam powder should be limited to occasional patients who have only little chance of responding to Gelfoam fragment embolization. Potential candidates for Gelfoam powder embolization include patients with major coagulopathies and/or uremia who massively hemorrhage from small-vessel lesions localized in upper portions of the stomach, exhibit significant mucosal hypervascularity, and do not respond to selective vasopressin treatment. An uncompromised vascular supply of the stomach is a precondition of a safe left gastric artery embolization. PMID- 6608750 TI - Air cisternography of the cerebellopontine angle using high-resolution computed tomography. AB - While high-resolution CT/air cisternography is considered the preferred method of investigating non-enhancing or small acoustic neuromas, it is not without pitfalls. Eighty such studies were reviewed, emphasizing procedural problems and sources of interpretive error. Two patients presented difficulty in transporting the air bolus due to a spinal cord tumor coexisting with bilateral acoustic neuromas; spinal cord decompression was required in one case. Three potential false positives were avoided by persistent efforts to fill the internal auditory canal. Of 4 patients thought to have a tiny acoustic neuroma, elective vestibular nerve section in 2 revealed no evidence of tumor. One unilateral Mondini malformation was diagnosed. Four patients required a blood patch for persistent headaches. PMID- 6608751 TI - Agenesis of the corpus callosum: sonographic features. AB - Sonographic features of agenesis of the corpus callosum and its related intracranial abnormalities are described in four patients. A brief review of clinical, radiologic, and pathologic manifestations of agenesis of the corpus callosum is presented. Both agenesis of the corpus callosum and its potentially serious associated intracranial abnormalities can be effectively diagnosed with transfontanelle sonography. PMID- 6608752 TI - [Enterorrhagia from leiomyoma of the small intestine: angiographic diagnosis]. PMID- 6608753 TI - [Incidence of tuberculosis and a positive tuberculin test in children exposed to patients with tuberculosis. Importance of factors linked to the source and children despite previous vaccination with intradermal BCG]. PMID- 6608754 TI - [Treatment of deep venous thrombosis with fixed doses of subcutaneous heparin. Preliminary results]. PMID- 6608756 TI - [Ophthalmological emergencies in children: study of the conditions of first aid]. PMID- 6608755 TI - [Viability of training in cardiorespiratory resuscitation through television in Brazil]. PMID- 6608758 TI - [Surgery in revascularization of the myocardium]. PMID- 6608757 TI - [Medullary aplasia: diagnostic criteria, clinical course and prognostic factors]. PMID- 6608759 TI - [Antacids: study of potentiation, neutralization kinetics and financial cost]. PMID- 6608760 TI - [Reliability of a sleep self-evaluation questionnaire]. PMID- 6608761 TI - [Use of preserved homologous aorta as bronchial prosthesis]. PMID- 6608762 TI - [Prophylactic selective splenorenal anastomosis in the hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis]. PMID- 6608763 TI - [Epigastric hernia (interxiphoumbelical lipoma): classification, frequency, repercussions on the absenteeism and operational cost. Value of the ambulatory surgery system]. PMID- 6608764 TI - [Hospital infection: report of an operational system for epidemiologic control]. PMID- 6608765 TI - [Protothecosis of the elbow: report of a case]. PMID- 6608766 TI - [Significant bone involvement in the course of systemic mastocytosis]. PMID- 6608767 TI - [Purulent pericarditis in childhood]. PMID- 6608768 TI - [Hemophagocytic histiocytosis and medullary aplasia in typhoid fever]. PMID- 6608769 TI - [Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficit associated with Paget's disease]. PMID- 6608770 TI - [Prognostic factors in descompensated hepatic cirrhosis (I)]. PMID- 6608771 TI - [Lower digestive tract hemorrhage caused by Meckel's diverticulum]. PMID- 6608772 TI - [Clinico-immunologic findings in several cases of farmer's lung]. PMID- 6608773 TI - [Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, chemically induced and in autoimmune diseases. A common immunopathologic mechanism?]. PMID- 6608774 TI - [Action of temperature during irradiation with near-ultraviolet light (325-400nm) of the transforming DNA of Haemophilus influenzae]. PMID- 6608775 TI - [Anaerobic irradiation of Haemophilus influenzae with polychromatic near ultraviolet light (325-400nm)]. PMID- 6608776 TI - [Vestibular vertigo]. PMID- 6608777 TI - [Primary melanomas of the central nervous system. Report of a melanocytic meningioma of the ponto-cerebellar angle]. PMID- 6608778 TI - [Gm allotype HLA antigens and T lymphocyte sub-populations in a group of patients having a positive Coombs test under treatment with alpha-methyldopa]. AB - We analysed HLA-A, B, DR antigens and Gm allotypes in 45 Caucasian patients treated by alpha methyl dopa. 30 had a positive antiglobulin direct Coombs test of the pure IgG type and 15 showed no erythrocyte antibody. We found no difference in the HLA and Gm gene frequencies between the 2 patient groups and the normal control group (nb 104). Furthermore we appreciated the T cell subsets in 11 Coombs positive patients. They showed an increase of the helper/suppressor T cell ratio, due to a significant decrease of the suppressor T cell subset. These data are compatible with Kirtland findings which demonstrated a methyl dopa inhibition of suppressor lymphocyte function. However they do not support the hypothesis that genetic factors may have a role in the susceptibility of patients to methyl dopa induced suppressor-cell disfunction. PMID- 6608780 TI - [Compliance in rheumatology, from a prospective study in 32 patients]. PMID- 6608779 TI - Disappearance of hepatitis B surface antigen in chronic type B hepatitis after clinical and laboratorial relapse produced by abrupt withdrawal of immunosuppressive drugs. PMID- 6608781 TI - Determination of fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products in gastric aspirate from patients with upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. AB - During a 3-year period, 157 patients with upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage were admitted. In 54 of them gastric blood was made available for study of the level of fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) to reveal the prevalence of increased local fibrinolytic activity. In all patients except three, FDP in systemic and gastric blood was identical, at less than or equal to 40 micrograms/ml. Two patients with erosive gastroduodenitis and one with a gastric ulcer had high levels of FDP in blood aspirated from the stomach. The present results would suggest that increased local fibrinolytic activity is very seldom involved in the induction and/or maintenance of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. PMID- 6608783 TI - Studies of peripheral blood lymphocytes in Crohn's disease. Circulating activated T cells. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells have been investigated in 43 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) by means of a panel of 4 monoclonal antibodies (UCHT1, UCHT4, 4F2, 5E9). A decrease of total T cells (UCHT1+) (p less than 0.01) and a slight increase of cytotoxic/suppressor T cells (UCHT4+) were observed. Evidence of T-cell activation, as shown by the highly significant increase of 4F2+ and 5E9+ cells, was also found. The latter finding lends support to the concept that cell-mediated immune phenomena are an important feature in CD. PMID- 6608782 TI - Scintigraphic localization of intermittent gastrointestinal haemorrhage with indium-111-labelled platelets. AB - Because of the central role of blood platelets in haemostasis, 111In-labelled platelets might be supposed to participate in the haemostatic process and give rise to scintigraphic hot spots at the bleeding sites in cases of intermittent gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Three patients with intermittent gastrointestinal haemorrhage are described in whom focal tracer accumulations after injection of autologous 111In-labelled platelets indicated the presence of transient gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Repeatedly performed scintigraphy after injection of 111In-labelled platelets may prove to be a useful tool for the localization of intermittent gastrointestinal haemorrhage. PMID- 6608784 TI - HLA class-II-specific T-lymphocyte clones with dual alloreactive functions. AB - The relationship between T lymphocytes that proliferate in response to HLA class II antigens and those that mediate the cytotoxic response toward HLA class II target antigens was investigated. Alloreactive T-cell clones were derived under conditions in which the likelihood of clonality was high. Three populations of HLA class-II-specific T cells were identified. Two of these populations exhibited only HLA class-II-directed cytotoxicity or HLA class-II-induced proliferation. The third population of T cells exhibited both of these responses. PMID- 6608785 TI - Enrichment of human epidermal Langerhans dendritic cells. AB - Langerhans cells (LC) were enriched from a human epidermal cell (EC) suspension by a rosette-forming technique. First EC were sensitized with the monoclonal antibody OKT6, and then they were mixed with ox erythrocytes (ORBC) coated with affinity-purified rabbit IgG anti-mouse IgG antibodies. Rosette-forming LC were then separated from non-rosetting EC by means of Percoll flotation. After hypotonic lysis of the ORBC, the cells obtained had a viability greater than 90%, and 67-98% of the viable cells were OKT6-positive. In functional studies the enriched cells were strongly stimulatory for allogeneic lymphocytes and were able to function as antigen-presenting cells for the T-cell response to the soluble antigen purified protein derivative. PMID- 6608786 TI - The early development of articular cartilage after perichondrial grafting. AB - In an experimental series of 39 rabbits the articular cartilage of the femur condyles was resected and the defect covered by a perichondrial graft from rib cartilage. The graft was fixed to the bony surface by using Tisseal (Immuno AG) and the joint was immobilized for two weeks. Beginning 24 hours postoperatively the neochondrogenesis from the perichondrial graft was analyzed histologically, sacrificing the rabbits with 48 hours interval. The fibrin glue acted as a visible border line between the bony surface and the graft. No vascular proliferations penetrated the fibrin glue, indicating that the perichondrial graft must be nourished by the synovial fluid only. The neochondrogenesis was found to occur in the median and fibrous layer of the graft. PMID- 6608787 TI - Effects of electrical stimulation on spinal spasticity. AB - Seven spinal cord injured (SCI) patients with clinical signs of knee-joint spasticity were tested with the Wartenberg pendulum test and an electrogoniometer. All patients were subjected to four channel rhythmical electrical stimulation of the knee muscles for three consecutive days. In five patients some improvement of spasticity was achieved. No increase of spasticity was observed in any patient. Combining results from two separate but similar studies it is contended that about one-half of randomly selected SCI patients with knee joint spasticity might benefit by electrical stimulation. PMID- 6608788 TI - [Antibiotics and chemotherapy--from research to practice. IX. Remarks directed to practitioners on the characteristics of semi-synthetic penicillins and various other recently discovered beta-lactamases]. PMID- 6608789 TI - Rectal insemination modifies immune responses in rabbits. AB - Weekly deposition of pooled rabbit semen into the rectum in healthy male rabbits resulted in the appearance of immune complexes and antibodies to sperm and to peripheral blood lymphocyte antigens. It also led to a decreased ability to mount a humoral immune response to T lymphocyte-dependent antigens, keyhole limpet hemocyanin, and sheep red blood cells. These findings suggest that repeated rectal deposition of semen may compromise some aspects of the immune system. PMID- 6608790 TI - Inhibition of dihydropteridine reductase by novel 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine analogs. AB - Hydroxylated derivatives of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a nigrostriatal neurotoxin in humans and primates, noncompetitively inhibited dihydropteridine reductase from human liver and rat striatal synaptosomes in vitro at micromolar concentrations. In contrast, MPTP and its chloro- and norderivatives did not inhibit this enzyme at lower than millimolar concentrations. Dihydropteridine reductase converts dihydrobiopterin to tetrahydrobiopterin, the required cofactor for the hydroxylation of aromatic amino acids during the synthesis of dopamine and serotonin. PMID- 6608791 TI - Mechanisms of liver cell injury in acute and chronic hepatitis B. PMID- 6608792 TI - Risk factors and the prevalence of depression in Mormon women. AB - A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Utah metropolitan area in which a random sample of white, married women with children 14 years of age or younger were interviewed by telephone. Information was obtained on possible risk factors for depression and depression was measured using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Prevalence of depression was compared in Mormon women (N = 143) who have a high percentage of career homemakers and non-Mormon (N = 36) who have a high percentage of women working outside the home. No difference in prevalence of depression was noted. Risk factors for depression in Mormon women were also studied. After adjusting for confounding, the risk factors were: Less education, little perceived caring from spouse, perception of having less than good health and having a low income. These findings are compared to other studies. PMID- 6608794 TI - Persistent bradyarrhythmia after sclerotherapy for esophageal varices. AB - Sclerotherapy for esophageal varices has recently gained wide acceptance in major medical centers for the control of bleeding esophageal varices. We have described two elderly patients with preexisting cardiac disease (right bundle branch block) in whom persistent bradyarrhythmia followed sclerotherapy using 5% sodium morrhuate. Both patients required insertion of a permanent pacemaker. This is the first report associating sclerotherapy with significant bradyarrhythmias. PMID- 6608793 TI - Hiatal hernia with severe reflux esophagitis: treatment by superselective vagotomy and Nissen fundoplication. AB - Thirty-two patients had surgical treatment for severe reflux esophagitis due to sliding hiatal hernia. A superselective vagotomy was done as an adjunct to a Nissen fundoplication as the antireflux procedure. All patients had severe esophagitis; 16 patients (53%) had dysphagia, nine patients (28%) had esophageal stricture, and all had failed an intensive trial of medical treatment with antireflux measures, antacids, and histamine receptor blockers. Follow-up averaged 14.3 months (3 to 38). Three patients (9%) had significant postoperative esophagitis. The other 29 patients, including those with esophageal stricture, are now asymptomatic. We conclude that the combination of a superselective vagotomy and a Nissen fundoplication is a safe and effective operation for the treatment of severe reflux esophagitis. PMID- 6608795 TI - Regional assignment of human amylase (AMY) to p22----p21 of chromosome 1. AB - A human genomic DNA segment (lambda hal) which hybridizes with rat pancreatic amylase cDNA was used to regionally assign amylase genes in human-mouse somatic cell hybrids. The assignment of amylase genes to chromosome 1 was confirmed and regionally mapped to the short arm region p22.1----p21 using a cell hybrid retaining a translocation involving chromosome 1 [46,XX,t(1;2)(p21;q37)]. Restriction length polymorphisms at the amylase loci are reported for gene linkage studies. PMID- 6608796 TI - [Clinical significances of circulating immune complexes in connective tissue diseases--detection by C1q deviation test, precipitin reaction of C1q in gel diffusion, anti-antibody inhibition test and precipitation with polyethylene glycol]. PMID- 6608797 TI - Retinal detachment and pseudophakos. AB - Over a 2-year period 14 cases of retinal detachment after implantation of intra ocular lenses were seen. The problems encountered in dealing with this type of retinal detachment are described. Attention is given to the difficulties encountered during pre-operative examination, surgery and the postoperative period. PMID- 6608799 TI - [Association of von Willebrand's disease and factor IX deficiency in males and females of a family]. PMID- 6608798 TI - Comparison of media for the primary isolation of Haemophilus ducreyi. AB - The rates of isolation of Haemophilus ducreyi from patients with presumed chancroid has been low, and improved cultural techniques are required. We determined the isolation rates of H. ducreyi from 38 patients with clinical chancroid and compared gonococcal agar supplemented with bovine hemoglobin to Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with chocolated horse blood, each with and without 5% fetal calf serum. The rate of isolation and the qualitative and quantitative growth of strains was best on gonococcal agar with added fetal calf serum (GC-HgS). However, three strains were isolated only on Mueller-Hinton base (MH-base). GC-HgS was compared with MH-HB for the isolation of H. ducreyi from 201 patients with clinical chancroid. Seventy-one percent of cultures were positive on GC-HgS, and 61% were positive on MH-HB (P less than .005); however, 10% of cultures were positive only on MH-HB. The use of the two media together increased the yield of positive cultures to 81%. Thus maximal rates of isolation of H. ducreyi from clinical specimens requires the use of two media, GC-HgS and MH-HB. PMID- 6608801 TI - [Emergency conditions in chronic colitis]. PMID- 6608800 TI - Should the greater saphenous vein be preserved in patients requiring arterial outflow reconstruction in the lower extremity? AB - Two patient groups were studied to determine the need to preserve the greater saphenous vein during femoral outflow reconstruction for later aortocoronary bypass procedures. First, 74 patients were followed to the time of death or to a minimum of 5 years after femoral outflow reconstruction was performed. Only four patients (5.4%) underwent subsequent aortocoronary bypass. The previous outflow procedures had no adverse effect on the quality of aortocoronary conduit. Risk factors were analyzed to help predict the incidence of later coronary revascularization after femoral outflow reconstruction was performed. The second group that was analyzed included 500 nearly consecutive patients who underwent aortocoronary bypass. In 15 of these patients (3%), there was inadequate saphenous vein for conduit use. In no case was the inadequacy of saphenous vein due to its previous use as outflow conduit in the leg. Only seven patients (1.4%) had had an outflow reconstruction prior to aortocoronary bypass. In conclusion, continued use of adequate greater saphenous vein as femoral outflow conduit is justified despite the high incidence of coronary artery disease in these patients. PMID- 6608802 TI - [Dispensarization for patients with rheumatic diseases. Results and prospects]. PMID- 6608803 TI - [Characteristics of the disorders of the T chain of the immune system in nonspecific ulcerative colitis and their significance in choosing effective therapy]. PMID- 6608804 TI - HLA-B27 and ankylosing spondylitis in the Mexican Mestizo population. AB - Two previous surveys of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in Mexican Mestizos found HLA B27 frequencies of 68.6% and 78% and a relative risk (RR) of 37.05 and 120.88, respectively. We examined an additional group of Mexican Mestizos with AS and found an HLA-B27 frequency of 80.77% and a RR of 99.24. Our results are statistically comparable to the previous studies, and they suggest that the Mexican Mestizo is similar to the Spaniard in regards to AS and HLA-B27 association. PMID- 6608805 TI - Association of HLA-DR4 with myasthenia gravis in the Chinese. AB - Since 1973 a number of studies have been conducted on the association of HLA with myasthenia gravis (MG). (Safwenberg et al. 1973, Fritze et al. 1973, Naeim et al. 1978, Bodmer & Bodmer 1978, Behan 1980). Most of these studies involved Caucasians. In this paper we report on a study carried out in Chinese patients with M.G. PMID- 6608806 TI - Coeliac disease and C4A*QO: an association secondary to HLA-DR3. PMID- 6608807 TI - Relation of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDD) and the HLA-linked SB system. AB - This report deals with the question of the susceptibility for IDD association with the recently described HLA-linked SB system. The SB system is located centromeric of HLA-DR between HLA-DR and GLO. At present five specificities of the SB system, which behave as alleles, can be recognized. A total of 40 IDD patients and 96 normal controls were characterized for HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR and SB antigens. Our results confirmed the strong positive association of IDD with HLA DR3 and -DR4 and the negative association of IDD with HLA-DR2. The genetic analysis of the SB system and IDD, however, demonstrated no significant association between alleles of SB and susceptibility for IDD. The analysis of association between alleles of HLA-DR and SB revealed no significant linkage disequilibrium in IDD patients and a significant linkage disequilibrium between SB1 and HLA-DR3 in the controls. These results suggest that the genes associated with susceptibility for IDD are primarily coded for telomeric of SB and tightly linked with HLA-DR. PMID- 6608808 TI - Sensitivity to suppression of cytotoxic T cell generation by 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is dependent on the Ah genotype of the murine host. AB - Susceptibility of mice to a variety of toxic effects of 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is genetically determined by the Ah locus. To determine if immunotoxicity following TCDD exposure was also regulated by the Ah locus, we tested the ability of low dose TCDD (4 ng/kg) to suppress the generation of allospecific cytotoxic T cells (CTL) by lymphocytes from "susceptible" C57B1/6, and "resistant" DBA/2, and from C57B1/6XDBA/2J F1 hybrid mice in vitro. To determine if TCDD acted directly on the "susceptible" lymphoid cells, the immune response of C57B1/6 leads to DBA/2 and DBA leads to C57B1/6 bone marrow chimeras was also measured. C57B1/6 and F1 mice proved susceptible to suppression consistent with the dominant effect of Ah. Susceptibility to suppression in chimeric mice, however, was determined by the Ah genotype of the host and not by the genotype of the grafted lymphomyeloid cells. Mixing experiments demonstrated that suppression of CTL generation by TCDD was due to suppressor T cells. The frequency of CTL precursors was not affected by TCDD. These results are consistent with the idea that TCDD acts by an Ah locus dependent mechanism to indirectly promote development of suppressor T cells that block the generation of CTL from their precursors. PMID- 6608809 TI - Factor VII in plasma of women taking oral contraceptives. Lack of cold activation under blood bank conditions. AB - Factor VII in plasma from about 15 percent of healthy subjects undergoes activation when samples are kept in plastic tubes at 4 degrees C. In women taking oral contraceptives, this phenomenon is observed much more frequently. If this phenomenon occurred under blood bank conditions as well, the transfusion of such plasma from donors taking oral contraceptives to patients afflicted by trauma could enhance thromboembolism. Plasma packs of 72 female donors taking oral contraceptives were separated and stored at 4 degrees C for 24 hours in the blood bank. No significant change in factor VII:C level was observed: The initial level was 110.2 +/- 6.2 U per dl (mean +/- SEM), and the 24-hour level, 97 +/- 3.3 U per dl. Among the 72 donors, 10 were identified as cold activators; their factor VII:C level increased from 85.6 +/- 2.5 U per dl (mean +/- SEM) to 222.0 +/- 7.5 U per dl when their plasma samples were kept in plastic tubes for 24 hours at 4 degrees C. In contrast, the factor VII:C level in the plasma packs kept simultaneously in the blood bank at 4 degrees C was only 101.1 +/- 9.0 U per dl at 24 hours. Thus, it appears that plasma from donors taking oral contraceptives can be used safely even when they are not frozen immediately. PMID- 6608810 TI - Recognition of H-2Kk variant cells by an antiinfluenza cytotoxic T-cell clone. PMID- 6608811 TI - Structural changes in class I MHC molecules influencing recognition by allo- or self + TNP-reactive cytotoxic T-cell clones and by monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6608812 TI - Linked help in the cytotoxic T-cell response revealed by adoptive transfer. PMID- 6608813 TI - Persistence and specificity of accessory cell impairment in M-MuLV neonatally injected mice. PMID- 6608814 TI - The evolution of ocular onchocerciasis in the Volta River Basin Area over a period of five years of vector control. AB - The results of an ophthalmological evaluation conducted in seven West African savannah villages before and after 5 years of vector control, were analysed to determine the effect of an interrupted or greatly reduced transmission of Onchocerca volvulus on the evolution of ocular onchocerciasis. Cross-sectional data showed a significant reduction of the prevalence of ocular onchocerciasis in five of the villages, and the rates of irreversible ocular lesions and blindness were generally lower after 5 years of vector control. A longitudinal study of a defined population showed that the ocular status of most patients with ocular onchocerciasis remained stable or improved over the 5 year period, particularly in lightly infected cases. The evolution of ocular onchocerciasis showed a deterioration in a minor proportion, restricted to cases of already existing severe lesions, resulting in blindness. A comparison of ophthalmic data from adjacent areas without vector control, indicates that a five year period of vector control may reduce the risk of developing eye lesions or blindness due to onchocerciasis by 50%. PMID- 6608815 TI - HLA antigen frequencies in malignant melanoma patients. A second study. AB - Two groups of malignant melanoma (MM) patients were considered: the group of 140 patients previously published and a new one of 58, both typed for HLA-A, -B and C antigens at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan. The control group consisted of healthy blood donors not related to the patients. Only the HLA-Bw35 antigen frequency was significantly decreased in both groups of patients. To investigate the HLA-A and -B blanks, 62 MM patients and 90 healthy controls, who showed non homozygotic blanks when they were firstly HLA typed, volunteered to repeat the HLA typing three or more times in a 2-year period. A significant increase in both HLA-A and -B blanks in the patients as compared to controls was noticed (p = 3 X 10(-4) and 3 X 10(-5), respectively). In the future, attempts should be made to correlate the HLA antigen and blank frequencies with the evolution of the disease and, also, to verify the hypothesis that the HLA-Bw35 antigen may be an associated resistance factor against the tumor. PMID- 6608816 TI - The influence of larger molecules on cellular response in uremia. PMID- 6608817 TI - The effect of pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass on limb blood flow and tissue perfusion. PMID- 6608818 TI - Plasmapheresis in systemic lupus erythematosus: effects on cellular immunity. PMID- 6608819 TI - [Biochemical and immunoreceptor characteristics of the T- and B-lymphocytes of the palatine tonsils in chronic tonsillitis patients]. PMID- 6608820 TI - [Analgesia by electric current in the early postoperative period]. AB - In 295 patients in the early postoperative period anesthesia was performed by means of percutaneous electrostimulation with a new national apparatus Eliman 101. The authors note high efficiency of such analgesia in 63,4% of the patients, satisfactory results were obtained in 32,3%. No sufficient anesthesia was achieved in 13 patients (4,3%). There were no side effects and complications. PMID- 6608821 TI - Myristylation of gag-onc fusion proteins in mammalian transforming retroviruses. AB - Four cell lines producing transforming proteins encoded by three mammalian oncogenes (fes, abl, and ras) were investigated for incorporation of [3H]myristate into gag-onc fusion proteins. Using 5-min pulse-labelings, fusion proteins of Abelson murine leukemia virus, Gardner-Arnstein strain of feline sarcoma virus (FeSV), and Snyder-Theilen strain of FeSV were shown to be myristylated. In a 4-hr pulse, p29gag-ras of rat sarcoma virus (RaSV) was also shown to incorporate radiolabel. The fatty acid was recovered from this labeled protein by acid hydrolysis, and identified by reverse-phase thin-layer chromatography to be [3H]myristic acid. The results indicate that substitution of viral gag sequences by cellular oncogene sequences does not abolish their ability to become post-translationally modified by this long chain fatty acid (A. Schultz and S. Oroszlan, J. Virol. 46, 355-361). It is assumed that in the fusion proteins the myristyl moiety is linked through an amide linkage to the amino terminal glycine as previously found for several retroviral gag precursor polyproteins (L. E. Henderson, H. C. Krutzsch, and S. Oroszlan, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80, 339-343). The possible role of myristylation of transforming proteins is discussed. PMID- 6608822 TI - Evidence for both photopic and scotopic characteristics in the c-wave of chicken and frog ERG. AB - The electroretinographic c-wave was studied in two species with duplex retinas, the frog (rod-dominant) and the chicken (highly cone-dominant). In both species a cone driven c-wave was recorded in addition to the classical rod-driven c-wave. An attempt was made to specify the differential characteristics with respect to time-course, time integration, adaptational changes and spectral sensitivity of cone-driven vs rod-driven c-waves. These data confirm the generality of the c wave generation by both rod and cone systems. PMID- 6608823 TI - [Metabolism of 3H-25-oxycholecalciferol in rats with experimental fracture of the femur]. AB - At the third day after femur fracture concentration of 3H-25 hydroxycholecalciferol [3H-25(OH)D3], intraperitoneally administered into rats within 18 hrs before killing, was increased in kidney and small intestine mucosa by 25% and 60%, respectively, as well as incorporation of the label into 1,25(OH)2D3 in blood serum and small intestine mucosa was increased by 50% and 70%, respectively, as compared with intact controls. Binding of 3H-25(OH)D3 was increased 2-3-fold in diaphyses and epiphyses of impaired bones within 3 and 10 days after the fracture. Similar, but less distinct accumulation of 3H-25(OH)D3 was observed in unimpaired femur of rats with the bone fracture. Incorporation of the label into 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 was increased 1.5-2-fold in epiphyses of the impaired bone as well as in epiphyses and diaphyses of intact femur of rats with the bone fracture at all the periods studied (3, 10, 28 days after the fracture). PMID- 6608824 TI - [Clinico-immunologic changes in patients with cervical cancer after treatment with thymalin]. AB - The results of a clinical study of a polypeptide preparation of the thymus thymalin in 50 patients with cervical carcinoma are discussed. Thymalin was found to exert a beneficial effect in various immuno-suppressive states involved in carcinoma of uterine cervix. Since the preparation has a distinct stimulating effect, its administration should be included into different schemes of complex therapy of cervical carcinoma. PMID- 6608826 TI - Stabilization of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor by citrate. AB - alpha 1-Proteinase inhibitor has potential therapeutic value in patients with chronic deficiency (which can lead to emphysema) and in acute adult respiratory distress syndrome. Pasteurization (10 h, 60 degrees C) can reduce the risk of hepatitis B; and addition of stabilizers to the inhibitor helps prevent the loss of biological activity which occurs during pasteurization. Denaturation during heating at several temperatures was studied, using high pressure liquid chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and elastase inhibitory capacity to measure the extent of denaturation. The presence of 0.5 M citrate increases the Arrhenius-type activation energy 3-fold, and the enthalpy of denaturation is increased by 3.5 kJ/mol (15 kcal/mol). The onset temperature of the endotherm is increased by more than 10 degrees C. The inhibitor is further stabilized by sucrose (O.5 g/ml). In the presence of both citrate and sucrose, samples of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor retained almost full biological activity following pasteurization for 10 h at 60 degrees C; the heating conditions used to destroy hepatitis B infectivity of other plasma derivatives. PMID- 6608825 TI - [Further study of the role of vitamin A in immunologic reactions (observations in volunteers)]. AB - Studies made on volunteers who received vitamin A for a week have demonstrated that the content of peripheral blood lymphocytes increased, which was followed by a relative and absolute increase in the content of B lymphocytes and a rise in the number of T cells in the peripheral blood. An increase in the complementary activity of the blood serum and an increase in IgA content in it were also recorded. After a month the majority of the parameters under study returned to normal. PMID- 6608827 TI - [Possibilities of detecting influenza virus infectiousness in concentrated dilutions]. PMID- 6608828 TI - [Donor immunization with an inactivated concentrated purified vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis to obtain immune blood preparations]. AB - Vaccination of seronegative and seropositive donors with a concentrated purified vaccine (CV) against tick-borne encephalitis induced antibody synthesis in a concentration sufficient for preparation of donor immunoglobulin with antibody titres of 1:320 to 1:1280 by HI test. The resulting preparation showed a high antiviral activity both in vivo and in vitro against antigenically different strains of tick-borne encephalitis virus. The immune plasma derived from CV immunized donors had a therapeutic effect in patients with tick-borne encephalitis. The optimal schedules for immunization of donors are discussed. PMID- 6608829 TI - [Rectal hemorrhage in adults]. AB - Two hundred thirty two patients, aged over 50, were examined, that were consulted with a view to rectal hemorrhage. After the analysis of the results obtained the author established that the causes of the rectal hemorrhage were: Tumours of colon--in 40,5 per cent, 64 per cent of them with cancer of colon. Diseases of sphincter region--in 44,9 per cent (anal fissure in 12,5 per cent; erosive and ulcerous sphincteritis--in 16,9 per cent; internal and external hemorrhoids--in 15,5 per cent). Ulcerous and erosive colitis--in 10,6 per cent, etc. The group of the sixth decade was underlined to be most affected--in 48,5 per cent. The localization of the tumours from the anorectal line up to 30 cm--is in 84 per cent and over 30 cm--in 16%. It is stressed that the presence of blood in feces, demands, without delay, the elucidation of the etiology of the hemorrhage. PMID- 6608830 TI - [Significance of high titers of various autoantibodies in the diagnosis and monitoring of chronic liver diseases]. AB - The diagnostic value of the high antibody titres are assessed in the work--namely antinuclear, antimitochondrial and antismooth-muscular, in chronic liver diseases. For that purpose 220 patients with morphologically confirmed chronic hepatitis and chronic liver cirrhosis were examined. Twenty three of them proved to have high titre antibodies. It was established that the females predominated in that group--20 out of 23. The high titre of autoantibodies correlated with the morphological data for the activity of the liver injury. No connection was established with the presence or absence of HB-virus markers in the cases with high titres of ASMA. HB-virus markers were found in none of the eight patients with high titres AMA. One of the six patients with high titres ANA had HBs antigenemia. In the patients with high titres of autoantibodies, hyperimmunoglobulinemia, class IgG was most often established, whereas IgA and IgM were found almost with the same incidence in normal and elevated values. There were enzymologic data about hepatocytolysis and cholestasis in the majority of the cases. ASMA titre decreased in parallel with the decrease of the activity of the morbid process under the treatment effect. PMID- 6608831 TI - [Oral surgery in a patient with congenital factor V deficiency]. PMID- 6608832 TI - The development and rationale of pressure-controlled intermittent coronary sinus occlusion--a new approach to protect ischemic myocardium. AB - The early concept of global retroperfusion and arterialisation of the coronary sinus was discarded because of unacceptable damage to the myocardium, although many authors provided evidence on the improvement of cardiac function during ischemia. Furthermore, the exact mechanism of coronary sinus retroperfusion remained poorly understood. The lack of a strong physiological basis for retroperfusion as well as the development of coronary bypass grafting lessened interest in this revascularisation technique. Renewed interest in myocardial protection via the coronary sinus emerged because of a more aggressive therapy of acute myocardial ischemia. We developed a simple retroperfusion system conceptualized as a periodical occlusion of the coronary sinus and as a redistribution of venous flow to compromised areas during acute myocardial ischemia, sweeping out toxic substances and edema during coronary venous drainage. To allow sufficient filling of the infarcted area as well as venous drainage, the occlusion versus release phase is controlled by the coronary sinus pressure. This pressure-controlled intermittent coronary sinus occlusion (P-ICSO) represents a closed loop system and therefore guarantees optimal physiologic function of the system. This report explains the proposed nature of action of enhanced washout of myocardial edema induced by P-ICSO. Moreover, beneficial effects of P-ICSO observed during canine studies are summarized. It is concluded that this new simple retroperfusion technique has the clinical potential to serve as interim support to protect deprived myocardium until definite reperfusion is available. PMID- 6608833 TI - [Long-term results of selective proximal vagotomy]. AB - Highly selective vagotomy was performed in 361 patients over the past 10 years. The mortality was 0.3% in uncomplicated, and 1.6% in complicated duodenal ulcer. With a mean follow-up period of 52 months the recurrence rate was 7.4%. The known advantages of this operation, namely low mortality and low postoperative morbidity (dumping 0.8%, diarrhoea 0.8%, unintentional weight loss 0%, food intolerance 1.9% and epigastric fullness after meals 1.9%), were confirmed in our patients. The overall clinical result was excellent or good (Visick I or II) in 87% of patients. Clinical failures were most often caused by recurrent ulceration. Highly selective vagotomy is still the operation of choice in uncomplicated duodenal ulcer. It can also be recommended in selected cases of complicated ulcer disease. PMID- 6608835 TI - [Sclerosing of varices versus shunt surgery]. PMID- 6608834 TI - [Iron and iron binding proteins in inflammations and tumors]. AB - Iron and iron binding proteins are involved in various regulatory mechanisms in infections and tumors. Chronic infections and tumors are the most common reasons of anemias in hospitalized patients in industrial countries . Although a lot of investigative work has been done to identify the underlying mechanisms many details are still poorly understood. This paper gives a review of our present knowledge from experimental work, reported in the literature together with own results. The main emphasis is laid on new findings about the importance of a possible regulatory role of iron and iron bindings proteins on the surface of cells of the immune system in the immunosurveillance as well as in non immune functions. Using a cytotoxic assay with a monoclonal antiplacental ferritin antibody which was developed by C. Moroz, surface ferritin was not only detected on peripheral mononuclear cells of patients with early stages of breast cancer but also in patients with rheumatoid arthritis which has not been reported so far. Possible connections of inflammatory states with tumors are discussed regarding the results with ferritin bearing lymphocytes together with other findings about the role of cell bound iron binding proteins in conditions of tumor and inflammation. PMID- 6608836 TI - [Acupuncture in the treatment of rheumatism?]. PMID- 6608837 TI - [Corticosteroids, non-steroidal antirheumatic agents and the gastroduodenum]. AB - A survey is given on the damaging effect of acetylsalicylic acid, other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and corticosteroids on the gastroduodenal mucosa. Especially the results of blood loss studies and endoscopic investigations are reviewed in detail. Epidemiologic data strongly support an association between frequent and heavy intake of acetylsalicylic acid and gastric ulcer as well as gastrointestinal bleeding, whereas the association with duodenal ulcers is far less clearly established. Conclusive evidence proving the superiority of other NSAID in this regard is currently unavailable. Intensive ulcer therapy making use of H2 receptor antagonists often allows healing of small ulcers with a diameter less than 1 cm despite continued treatment with low dose corticosteroids or NSAID, whereas continuation of these drugs is associated with very poor healing in ulcers larger than this size. The danger of perforation has to be taken into consideration. PMID- 6608838 TI - [A rheumatic disease register in clinical use]. AB - A registry for the documentation of rheumatic diseases has been developed at the University of Dusseldorf. For 3 years more than 450 parameters for each patient have been documented, checked, and stored in a data bank. The registry has made a definite improvement in the diagnosis and long-term follow-up of rheumatic diseases. The use of special statistical procedures to study the frequency of various parameters in different diseases has allowed independent diagnostic criteria to be established. PMID- 6608839 TI - [Pyloromyotomy, 720 cases (1953-1982). Retrospective study]. AB - From 1953 to 1982 720 babies underwent pyloromyotomy for infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. In this retrospective report the results obtained are compared to the data published in the literature. PMID- 6608840 TI - [Immunostructure of school-age children inoculated against measles]. AB - The mass serological survey of school children immunized against measles was carried out by means of the hemagglutination inhibition test. As a result, 20.4% of these school children were found to be seronegative, and in 9.5% of them even the minimum concentration of measles antihemagglutinins (when titrated with 1 hemagglutinating unit of the antigen) was not detected. The accumulation of a considerable seronegative (measles-susceptible) stratum among children of school age occurred due to the low immunogenic potency of some batches of live measles vaccine, used for immunization in 1973, as well as due to the formerly practiced immunization of children under 1 year of age. A direct and close dependence of focal measles morbidity among immunized children having had contacts with the source of infection on the number of children among them, found to be seronegative after titration with 1 hemagglutination unit of measles antigen, was established. PMID- 6608841 TI - [Histocompatibility antigens in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients]. AB - A study of HLA antigens in 55 patients with lateral amyotrophic sclerosis yielded the results which suggest that the risk of the development of lateral amyotrophic sclerosis is associated with HLA B18 antigen, while the character of the disease progression is related to HLA B27 and BW35 antigens. The patients displayed a decreased incidence of HLA B8 and B7 antigens. PMID- 6608842 TI - [Clinico-immunologic correlations in disseminated sclerosis]. AB - The intensity of cellular and humoral immunity was shown to correlate with the acuteness and severity of disseminated sclerosis in 107 patients. During disease exacerbations, the patients displayed a decreased activity of T lymphocytes, which was determined by lymphocyte blast transformation, as well as high levels of cerebral, and low ones of complement fixing antibodies. The intensity of cellular reactivity was reduced in subjects with the most unfavourable, steadily progressing disease. The data obtained point to the necessity of a differential approach toward the immunotherapy of disseminated sclerosis. The deviations in the cellular and humoral phases of patients' immunity should be also taken into account. PMID- 6608843 TI - [Experience in using T-activin in multiple sclerosis patients]. AB - Forty patients with multiple sclerosis of a differing course, duration and severity were treated in this series. T-activin was employed as an immunocorrective agent (AFT-6 fraction). The immunological status was assessed in all patients observed prior to, during and after the treatment. Good clinical response was noted in patients with a secondary progressive course; the effect of a short course of treatment with T-activin on the state of patients with a prolonged progressive course or at the stage of stabilization in the presence of severe organic symptomatology was less prominent. AFT-6 showed a beneficial effect on the immunological status of patients, largely on the T-immunity system. Following the treatment, most patients displayed the normalization of the total lymphocyte count and of the proportional content of T-cells with their activity rising. PMID- 6608844 TI - [Visual and somatosensory evoked potentials and immunologic indices in multiple sclerosis]. AB - Studies of visual and somatosensory evoked potentials as well as of IgA, IgM and IgG and T- and B-blood lymphocytes were conducted in 23 patients afflicted with multiple sclerosis versus the control group. The immunological and electrophysiological indices were found to correlate with the clinical manifestations of the disease. PMID- 6608845 TI - [Cochleovestibular disorders in chronic alcoholics]. AB - Auditory and vestibular functions were studied in 85 chronic alcoholics (45 subjects with Stage II and 40 with Stage III alcoholism). In 54.1% of all cases, disorders in the auditory analyzer, predominantly at the site of the first neuron, were detected. It was revealed that following the progression of the disease to Stage III, auditory disturbances in such patients became more frequent and prominent. The study of the vestibular analyzer showed that the hyperreflexia of caloric and postrotatory nystagmus characteristic of the second stage of chronic alcoholism was replaced, at the next stage of disease, by normo- and hyporeflexia; there was also an increase in the changes of caloric nystagmus expressed in the form of rhythm disturbances. PMID- 6608847 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiography in post traumatic tricuspid incompetence. AB - Four patients with post traumatic tricuspid incompetence underwent complete two dimensional echocardiographic study. Systolic intra-atrial protrusion of the anterior tricuspid leaflet beyond the valvular ring, with total loss of coaptation with the other leaflets, was documented in all patients. These abnormalities were not evident in all transducer locations suggesting the possibility of false negative echocardiograms. An echocardiogram showing a marked systolic excursion of a tricuspid leaflet into the right atrium beyond the level of the tricuspid ring together with the total loss of coaptation does not necessarily mean the rupture of the subvalvular apparatus. PMID- 6608846 TI - The value of amiodarone for the treatment of unstable angina. AB - Amiodarone is a potent coronary vasodilator; it has alpha and beta receptor antagonist activity and is well-known for its marked antiarrhythmic efficacy. This report describes the results of a randomized study of amiodarone in unstable angina. 40 patients (33 male, 7 female; mean age: 55) with unstable angina entered the study. They were randomized into two treatment groups. In group I (20 cases), amiodarone was the first drug applied (during the first 3 days; 1500 mg/24 hours IV + 200 mg orally every 8th hour; from day 4 onwards: 200 mg orally 3 times daily). If, after 8 hours following initiation of treatment, the symptoms were still present or recurred, nifedipine was added at a dose of 10 mg 4 times daily. In case of failure of the combined medical treatment, coronary angiography and, if needed, surgery was performed after 16 hours. In group II (20 cases), nifedipine was given as the first drug and at a dose of 10 mg every 6th hour. If, after 8 hours, this therapy failed, amiodarone was added according to the scheme previously described. In case of failure of the combined therapy, coronary angiography and surgery were performed. In group I, amiodarone was successful within 8 hours in 12 cases. None of the non-responders was improved by the addition of nifedipine. In group II, nifedipine was successful within 8 hours in 6 cases (p = 0.086). Among the 14 non-responders, amiodarone controlled the anginal episodes in 11 instances (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6608848 TI - Left atrial myxoma causing fluttering of the anterior mitral leaflet. AB - This report describes the M-mode echocardiographic features of a left atrial myxoma, before and after excision of the tumor. Preoperative M-mode echocardiogram demonstrated fine diastolic fluttering of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve which disappeared after surgery. Preoperative aortography and minutious examination of the aortic valve during operation excluded any associated lesion of the aortic valve. The fluttering of the anterior mitral valve is probably related to turbulent blood flow around the tumor prolapsing between mitral leaflets during diastole. PMID- 6608849 TI - Peripheral venous contrast echocardiography. A study of a new technique of injection in vitro and in vivo. AB - A new technique of peripheral venous contrast echocardiography is described which uses a special type of injection catheter to achieve a much greater density of image of the cardiac cavities. The multi-hole catheter gave consistently better results than the conventional single hole catheter under trials both in vitro and vivo. PMID- 6608850 TI - The effect of physical training on the left apexcardiogram. AB - Indices of the first derivative and of the normalized first derivative of the left apexcardiogram were used to evaluate the contractile state of the left ventricle of cyclists in the competitive season compared to their resting season and of cardiac patients before and after a physical training program. In both groups exercise capacity increased after training (P less than 0.001). The normalized first derivative of the upstroke of the systolic wave and the time from the onset of electrical depolarization to the peak value of the first derivative of the upstroke of the systolic wave were unchanged after training in both groups. Also in both groups training did not alter the height of the A-wave in percentage of the amplitude of the systolic wave nor the normalized first derivative of the A-wave. These indices suggest that the compliance of the left ventricle was not decreased despite thickened left ventricular walls as reported in both groups. Thus physical training does not seem to alter the intrinsic myocardial contractile state, as far as reflected by these indices of the left apexcardiogram. PMID- 6608851 TI - Bronchogenic carcinoma: a rare cause of nontraumatic pneumopericardium. AB - The history of a 67-year-old woman presenting a sudden nontraumatic pneumopericardium is reported. Investigation revealed that this patient had developed a bronchopericardial fistula secondary to a bronchogenic carcinoma. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed at autopsy. Although it is fairly evident that in this case the pneumopericardium could be related to the bronchogenic carcinoma, only a few reports of such an association have been published in the literature. PMID- 6608852 TI - [Establishment and characterization of hairy cell leukemia cell line (Hair-M)]. PMID- 6608853 TI - [Colony formation by human peripheral blood T-lymphocytes]. PMID- 6608854 TI - [Role of macrophages in the regulation of clonal proliferation of granulocyte stem cells in in vivo culture]. PMID- 6608856 TI - The E-rosette test: variations in results using E from different sheep. Effect of FCS and of AET treatment. AB - Sheep erythrocyte (E) rosette tests were performed with E from 3 different sheep. The E rosette test for "active" T lymphocytes was performed with untreated E. E tests for the quantitation of the total number of T lymphocytes were performed with untreated as well as AET-treated E, in assays with and without fetal calf serum (FCS). Lymphocytes from patients with active and stable multiple sclerosis (MS) and with infectious mononucleosis (IM) as well as from healthy individuals were examined. The "total" E test performed with untreated E from one sheep and lymphocytes from patients with active MS gave lower percentages of rosette forming cells (RFC) than when E from the other two sheep were used. FCS in the medium, or AET treatment of E partly but not wholly abrogated this difference. The origin of the E is thus of importance for the results of the rosette tests in patients with active MS, even if FCS or AET treatment is used. PMID- 6608855 TI - Piroxicam, acetylsalicylic acid and placebo for postoperative pain. AB - A double-blind comparison of the pain-relieving effect of piroxicam 5 and 10 mg, acetylsalicylic acid 648 mg and placebo was performed in 120 patients with moderate to severe pain on the morning after orthopedic surgery. The changes in pain intensity and pain relief during the 8 h following medication were recorded by a trained nurse observer. 67% of the placebo-treated patients needed rescue drugs compared to 41% of the acetylsalicylic acid, 43% of the piroxicam 5 mg, and 45% of the piroxicam 10 mg treated patients. One to three hours after ingestion of the test drug, the piroxicam and the acetylsalicylic acid groups had significantly improved verbal rating pain intensity scores compared to placebo. In the overall assessment of pain relief at the end of the observation period, the patients' own assessment was significantly superior for acetylsalicylic acid and piroxicam 10 mg compared with placebo. In the observer's assessment of overall pain relief, placebo was significantly inferior to the three other groups. Thus piroxicam 5 mg and 10 mg give relief of pain after orthopedic surgery similar to that given by acetylsalicylic acid 648 mg. The pain-relieving effect of these drugs can be distinguished from placebo, but not from each other. They are not potent enough when pain is moderate to severe after orthopedic surgery. PMID- 6608857 TI - Complement C3c and C3d in plasma and synovial fluid in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - By means of recently developed immunochemical assays increased levels of the complement C3c and C3d split products were found in synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as compared with synovial fluids of patients with traumatic synovitis (TS). In plasma, only the C3d levels were significantly increased compared with plasma levels of patients with TS. Both split products were higher in RA synovial fluids (SF) than in RA plasma. A positive correlation between the C3d concentrations in plasma and the presence of IC in serum was found, and between the C3c levels and the concentration of polymorphonuclear cells in SF of RA patients. Due to differences in turn-over of C3c and C3d determination of plasma C3d levels may be a useful parameter for the evaluation of immunological activity in RA, while measurement of C3c in the synovial fluid may elucidate the actual inflammatory activity in the synovial membranes. PMID- 6608858 TI - Influence of progestogen therapy on T lymphocyte subsets. AB - The distribution of T lymphocyte subsets was determined in 22 patients with endometrial carcinoma stage 1. Following surgery and postoperative radiotherapy the patients had been "randomized" into two groups: group A patients received no further treatment, whereas group B patients were treated with 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate for one year. T cells and T cell subsets were estimated by an indirect immunofluorescence technique using the monoclonal antibodies UCHT3 (mature T cells), OKT4 (T helper cells), and OKT8 (T suppressor/cytotoxic cells). When examined 3-12 months after randomization the two groups had similar numbers of UCHT3+ cells and OKT4+ cells. Group B patients, however, had a significantly lower proportion of OKT8+ cells and hence a significantly higher OKT4/OKT8 ratio than group A patients. It is concluded that progestogen therapy has some immunomodulating effects. PMID- 6608859 TI - Non-ionic water soluble contrast medium 3-deoxy-3-iodo-D-glucose (DIG) for use in the CSF space. An experimental study with mongrel and beagle dogs. AB - A non-ionic water soluble contrast medium, 3-Deoxy-3-Iodo-D-Glucose (DIG), was experimentally evaluated for use in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space, and compared with other contrast media. Two ml (180 mgI/ml) of DIG were injected either intraventricularly or intracisternally in 15 adult mongrel dogs (average weight: 6.4 kg), and X-ray photographic, CSF, EEG, and histological studies were then performed. Additional tests were made on four beagle dogs (average weight: 9.8 kg), focussing particularly on changes in cell count and protein in the CSF following alternate intracisternal injections of 2 ml (170 mgI/ml) of DIG and metrizamide (Amipaque), and on epileptogenicity following intracisternal injection of 3 ml (300 mgI/ml) of DIG. That DIG provides adequate definition was demonstrated both by the ventriculograms and cisternograms, and by comparison with metrizamide. Neither epileptic discharges in the EEG nor epileptic symptoms were seen in any of the dogs used in the studies. In the CSF drawn 24 hours after the injection, protein tended to increase moderately with DIG, but pleocytosis was mild with both media. Histological studies of the central nervous system structures around the cisterna magna revealed no definite abnormal findings. Neither fibrosis nor arachnoid adhesions were seen in scanning electron microscopic observations of the basal subarachnoid spaces. PMID- 6608860 TI - Plasma levels of inhibitor-bound leukocytic elastase in rheumatoid arthritis patients. PMID- 6608861 TI - Enzyme-linked immunoassay for human granulocyte elastase in complex with alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor. AB - Granulocyte elastase in complex with its main inhibitor in plasma, i.e. alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor, was quantitatively determined by incubating the sample with solid-phase fixed antibodies against elastase first and reacting then with alkaline phosphatase-labelled antibodies against alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor. In normal plasma a level of 97.5 +/- 25.8 micrograms elastase/1 (mean +/- s.d., n = 43) was found, whereas moderately to markedly increased plasma concentrations were demonstrated in a variety of patients with inflammatory diseases like septicemia or rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6608862 TI - A gastroprotective anti-inflammatory agent: the beta-morpholinoethyl ester of niflumic acid (morniflumate). AB - In several animal models orally administered morniflumate, the beta morpholinoethyl ester of niflumic acid, proved almost equal to the parent compound in anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity with the advantage of complete freedom from the ulcerogenic effects of the acidic parent compound. Further, it was 5 times less active in intestinal perforation experiments and 10 times less toxic in acute toxicity experiments than niflumic acid. Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics tests after oral and intravenous administration suggest that morniflumate is absorbed as such from the gastrointestinal tract and then undergoes rapid hydrolysis in the plasma, releasing the free acidic form, the molecule responsible for the pharmacological effects. In addition to being free from ulcerogenic effects, the ester actually displayed a gastroprotective effect against the ulcerogenic effects of niflumic acid; this finding is discussed in the light of the concept of 'cytoprotection' recently reported for a series of mild gastric irritants. PMID- 6608863 TI - Effect of nutritional copper deficiency on adjuvant arthritis and immunocompetence in the rat. AB - Both severe and marginal copper deficiency were produced in male Sprague Dawley rats prior to induction of adjuvant arthritis. Degree of copper deficiency was confirmed by analysis of plasma, liver, and brain samples prior to adjuvant injection. Incidence of adjuvant arthritis was the same in both copper deficient and control animals although the severity was slightly but not statistically less in the former. However, recovery from foot edema was impaired in copper-deficient animals, while marginally copper-deficient animals recovered at the same rate as did controls. Plasma copper concentration increased in response to the injection of adjuvant and the increase was directly related to dietary copper content. Plasma zinc concentration was decreased in arthritic animals and the decrease was inversely correlated to paw edema. Liver copper, zinc, and iron concentrations in arthritic animals remained unchanged or increased slightly in comparison to the corresponding non-injected controls. Copper-deficient rats were immunosuppressed as demonstrated by impaired responsiveness to the T-cell dependent contact sensitizing agent oxazolone and diminished capacity to respond to the T-cell independent antigen Type III pneumococcal polysaccharide. Although a statistical difference in paw volumes was not found for group of animals fed diets differing in copper content, it is postulated that copper deficiency may alter the severity and kinetics of adjuvant arthritis by impairing aspects of the immune response and the tissue repair processes subsequent to injury. PMID- 6608865 TI - [Studies on color vision defects associated with optic nerve diseases by Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test. II. Comparison with liminal and supraliminal contrast sensitivity functions]. PMID- 6608864 TI - Antrafenine: anti-inflammatory activity with respect to oedema and leucocyte infiltration in the rat. AB - Antrafenine effectively suppressed carrageenan paw oedema in the rat (ED 40 = 24 mg/kg p.o) in the dose range of 10-40 mg/kg p.o, approximating that of phenylbutazone. Antrafenine was superior to phenylbutazone with respect to inhibition of exudate volume and total leucocyte infiltration in carrageenan and calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal pleurisies. The effect of antrafenine on leucocytes was most striking, significant suppression being observed at each dose tested (10, 20, 40 mg/kg p.o), whereas phenylbutazone showed significant activity only at the relatively elevated dose of 40 mg/kg p.o. These observations suggest that antrafenine merits further investigation with respect to its anti inflammatory effects. PMID- 6608866 TI - [Field potentials induced by intraretinal injection of K+-free Ringer's solution in the frog retina]. PMID- 6608867 TI - [Monochromatic ERG responses in deutans]. PMID- 6608868 TI - Detection and quantification of previous myocardial infarction by exercise redistribution tomographic thallium-201 scintigraphy. AB - Although myocardial perfusion scintigraphy at rest accurately diagnoses myocardial infarction (MI), the prevalence and size of previous MI is overestimated by exercise-redistribution thallium-201 studies. A new, quantitative approach to the analysis of tomographic thallium-201 scintigrams was developed in order to determine whether the presence and extent of MI could be determined. Sixty patients undergoing cardiac catheterization for chest pain syndromes, including 28 with previous MI, were studied by exercise and 3-hour delayed thallium-201 scintigraphy, with use of the 7-pinhole tomographic technique. Circumferential profiles of the postexercise and 3-hour radiotracer distribution were generated from apical, midventricular and basal left ventricular slices. The 3-hour profile fell below normal limits in 24 of 28 patients (86%) with remote MI, but was also abnormal in 9 of 22 patients (41%) with coronary disease but no MI. All missed MIs were either inferior or subendocardial and were associated with normal ejection fractions. To distinguish between MI and slowly resolving ischemic defects, a quantitative approach was used. MI area was calculated as the area in which the 3-hour profile fell below the 3-hour normal limits, and a redistribution area in the MI zone was determined as the area between the postexercise and 3-hour profiles in the region where the 3-hour profile was abnormal. The MI area was 1,000 +/- 980 units in patients with MI, vs 79 +/- 120 units in patients without MI (p less than 0.001), whereas the redistribution area was higher in patients without MI (1,240 +/- 810 vs 430 +/- 400 units, p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6608869 TI - Stress scintigraphy using single-photon emission computed tomography in the evaluation of coronary artery disease. AB - Twenty-seven patients with angina pectoris, 24 with postmyocardial infarction angina and 7 with normal coronary arteries were examined by exercise thallium-201 emission computed tomography (SPECT) and planar scintigraphy. Exercise SPECT was compared with the reperfusion imaging obtained approximately 2 to 3 hours after exercise. The sensitivity and specificity of demonstrating involved coronary arteries by identifying the locations of myocardial perfusion defects were 96 and 87% for right coronary artery, 88 and 89% for left anterior descending artery (LAD) and 78 and 100% for left circumflex artery (LC). These figures are higher than those for planar scintigraphy (85 and 87% for right coronary artery, 73 and 89% for LAD and 39 and 100% for LC arteries). In patients with 3-vessel disease, sensitivity of SPECT (100, 88 and 75% for right coronary artery, LAD and LC, respectively) was higher than planar imaging (88, 63 and 31%, respectively), with a significant difference for LC (p less than 0.05). In 1, 2 and 0-vessel disease the sensitivity and specificity of the 2 techniques were comparable. Multivessel disease was more easily identified as multiple coronary involvement than planar imaging with a significant difference in 3-vessel disease (p less than 0.05). In conclusion, stress SPECT provides useful information for the identification of LC lesions in coronary heart disease, including 3-vessel involvement. PMID- 6608870 TI - Determination of left ventricular mass by single-photon emission computed tomography with thallium-201. AB - To test the hypothesis that single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) might permit accurate, noninvasive measurement of LV mass, SPECT measurements of LV mass to LV weight were compared in 20 mongrel dogs. Projection images of the left ventricle were acquired after intravenous injection of thallium-201 (TI 201). Transverse sections were reconstructed using filtered backprojection. Coronal sections were extracted from the reconstructed volume. The boundary of LV uptake of TI-201 in each coronal section was defined automatically using a threshold detector. Scintigraphic LV mass [total number of volume elements (voxels) showing TI-201 uptake X voxel volume X specific gravity of myocardium] was compared to actual LV weight. There was good correlation between scintigraphic LV mass and LV weight. Mean LV weight was 68 +/- 20 g (+/- standard deviation) (range 27 to 94). Mean SPECT LV mass was 66 +/- 19 g (range 28 to 100). Linear regression analysis yielded the following relation: SPECT LV mass = 0.87 X LV weight + 6.79 (r = 0.91, root-mean-square deviation from regression = 7.5). SPECT measurements were reproducible, with a coefficient of variation of 0.24%. Thus, SPECT of LV TI-201 distribution can be used to measure LV mass in canine myocardium. PMID- 6608871 TI - Development of salivary alpha-amylase in infants from birth to 5 months. AB - The alpha-amylase activity in whole saliva of two groups of infants was investigated from birth to 5 months at monthly intervals. Foods used in infant feeding as well as height and weight were recorded at each monthly collection period. alpha-Amylase activity was found to increase rapidly from low values at birth to approximately two-thirds of adult values by 3 months. Large variation in alpha-amylase activity, either per ml of saliva or per mg of protein, was recorded. No significant relationships of alpha-amylase activity with weight, weight for height, growth rate, or presence of starch-containing foods in the diet were found. Introduction of starch-containing food before 3 months of age would likely lead to inadequate hydrolization of starch in some infants. PMID- 6608872 TI - Effect of nutrition on vitamin D status: studies on healthy and poorly nourished Brazilian children. AB - A cross-sectional study was carried out of 412 healthy and 226 chronically malnourished children in Recife, Brazil. Anthropometric measurements, x-rays of hands and wrists, and biochemical data related to skeletal growth were obtained. Levels of plasma 25 hydroxyvitamin D were measured in both groups of children and both showed higher concentrations than those reported for normal European children. The high levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D found in these two groups of Brazilian children are probably the result of the intense solar radiation in this part of Brazil and argue against the diet being an important source of vitamin D in poorly nourished children. Some bone abnormalities were seen in the underprivileged group of children but in view of our findings these were more likely to be a result of protein-energy malnutrition than rickets. PMID- 6608873 TI - Picture of the month. Hereditary multiple exostoses (diaphyseal aclasis). PMID- 6608874 TI - Hemophilus influenzae type b. PMID- 6608875 TI - Isolated gastric varices due to spontaneous splenic vein thrombosis. AB - Isolated bleeding gastric varices due to a spontaneous idiopathic thrombosis of the splenic vein was found to be the cause of obscure, painless recurrent bleeding in our patient. The diagnosis of spontaneous splenic vein thrombosis should be considered in the presence of gastrointestinal bleeding with unexplained splenomegaly. Prominent gastric folds may be the only barium contrast or endoscopic finding often lacking esophageal varices. Arteriography is essential in demonstrating an obstructed splenic vein. Splenectomy is the treatment of choice of "left-sided" portal hypertension. PMID- 6608876 TI - Segregation analysis incorporating linkage markers. I. Single-locus models with an application to type I diabetes. AB - A method is described for segregation analysis that incorporates linkage markers. The model allows for segregation (penetrance), linkage (recombination fraction), and association (linkage disequilibrium) parameters. A single-locus-multiple allele model underlying the trait phenotype is assumed. When families have been ascertained in a systematic fashion, a joint (markers, phenotypes) likelihood with ascertainment is advocated. When ascertainment correction is not feasible, a conditional (markers given phenotypes) approach is recommended, which is also valid in the presence of reduced fertility and assortative mating. This approach, oriented toward determining mode of inheritance, differs from conventional linkage analysis, which is oriented toward detection of linkage. Therefore, it is more appropriately considered an extension of the affected sib-pair method to arbitrary pedigrees, including association information and allowing for multiple alleles. Incorporation of coupling parameters allows for discrimination between pleiotropy and linkage disequilibrium. The method is demonstrated through a reanalysis of four recently published family studies on type 1 diabetes and HLA. Recessive inheritance is rejected in all four data sets. For three of them, dominant inheritance is not rejected, while in the fourth, all two-allele models are rejected in favor of three alleles. Although association with the DR3 and DR4 alleles is quite strong, pleiotropy with regard to these alleles is unlikely. The results also suggest an additional familial factor(s) (e.g., locus). PMID- 6608877 TI - Prospective evaluation of the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding after admission to a medical intensive care unit. AB - One hundred seventy-four patients (179 admissions) were prospectively evaluated for the subsequent occurrence of upper gastrointestinal ("stress") bleeding after admission to a medical/respiratory intensive care unit. Evidence for either overt or occult gastrointestinal bleeding developed in 25 (14 percent). The group of bleeders had a higher mortality (64 percent versus 9 percent), duration of intensive care unit stay (median 14.2 versus 4.2 days), number of patients requiring mechanical ventilatory support (84 percent versus 26 percent), and duration of such support for those who required it (median 9.5 versus 4.2 days) than the group who did not bleed. In three patients, death was related to bleeding. Upon patients' admission to the intensive care unit, diagnoses of an acute respiratory illness (but not specifically chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), a malignancy, or sepsis were more common among those who subsequently bled. Of factors tested, a coagulopathy and the need for mechanical ventilation were most strongly associated with the risk of bleeding. Other factors did not add to the risk once these two were taken into account. Among patients receiving mechanical ventilation, the risk of overt bleeding was particularly low for those who required such support for less than five days (only 3 percent). It is concluded that (1) significant upper gastrointestinal bleeding occurring after medical intensive care unit admission is an uncommon event, and (2) prolonged mechanical ventilation and/or the presence of a coagulopathy are the most potent risk factors. Medical patients with either of the latter conditions are most likely to benefit from prophylaxis regimens against "stress"-induced upper gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6608878 TI - Acquired immunodeficiency (AIDS) in pregnancy. PMID- 6608879 TI - An allometric network model of craniofacial growth. AB - This study of cranial skeletal growth kinematics details the conceptual principles underlying the development of an allometric network model of such growth. This model is tested by the analysis of longitudinal rat and cross sectional human growth data and by comparison of this model with a previously described allometric centered model. It is shown that the network model is superior to the centered model in three ways: (1) The allometric network model permits growth prediction when allometric constants are known; (2) the network model has significantly smaller errors than the centered model; and (3) the network model is capable of displaying growth kinematics of both the neural and facial skulls while in time there are marked transformations, such as relative rotations of two sets of cranial anatomic points. PMID- 6608880 TI - A roentgenocephalometric study of skeletal changes during and after chin cup treatment. AB - Skeletal changes before and during chin cup treatment and the stability of results after treatment were studied. Materials consisted of longitudinal lateral cephalometric roentgenograms of twenty-six Japanese females with skeletal Class III malocclusion treated with the chin cup. Treatment was started when patients were 6 to 9 years of age. Annual changes in linear and angular measurements before, during, and after treatment were analyzed statistically. The results were as follows: (1) There was some reduction in the amount of expected growth increment in the mandible; a change in mandibular form and distal displacement of the mandible took place during treatment. (2) There was no obvious change in the cranium and maxilla during treatment. (3) Neither acceleration nor restraint of expected growth increment was found after treatment. The exception was forward displacement of the mandible during the first year after removal of the chin cup. To illustrate these results, the skeletal changes of one individual Japanese Class III female during and after chin cup treatment were analyzed with the use of fifteen parameters indicating area ratios, linear ratios, and angles. The control sample consisting of 426 nontreated Japanese females with skeletal Class III malocclusion was observed, varying between 3 years and 30 years of age. The growth in this case showed a trend similar to that of the control sample for the observation period, but it was redirected from the expected natural growth for the treatment period. PMID- 6608881 TI - Nitrogen dioxide exposure--influence on rat testes. AB - Prolonged intermittent exposure to subanesthetic concentrations of nitrous oxide (N2O) can impair spermatogenesis in the LEW/f mai rat. USP purity standards state that N2O used for medical purposes may contain other oxides of nitrogen such as NO and NO2 as impurities at concentrations up to one part per million (ppm) each. The question thus arises as to whether prolonged exposure to N2O may be associated with adverse health effects from oxides of nitrogen other than N2O, particularly NO2. NO2 has demonstrated biological toxicity at concentrations as low as 0.3 ppm. In this study, rats were exposed to filtered air with and without 1 ppm NO2 for 7 hr/day, 5 days/week, for 21 days. No gross or light microscopy abnormality was found in the testes of NO2-exposed rats. Serum vitamin B12 levels were within normal limits. The findings indicate that NO2 exposure under the test conditions does not in itself impair spermatogenesis or alter B12 levels. PMID- 6608882 TI - Influence of propranolol plasma levels on hemodynamics during coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - Hemodynamic effects of propranolol during coronary artery surgery were investigated in 26 patients who chronically took propranolol and who received a standardized morphine/diazepam/pancuronium/halothane anesthetic. Effects were shown by correlating logarithm of the plasma propranolol concentrations versus percentage change in hemodynamics following stressful events (induction, intubation, skin incision, sternotomy, and sternal retraction). Log propranolol and hemodynamics following cardiopulmonary bypass also were correlated. A broad range of propranolol levels were observed. Levels (range and mean +/- SD) were preinduction 0-96 (25.6 +/- 21.6) ng/ml; preincision 0-86 (27.2 +/- 24.4) ng/ml; and sternal retraction 0-92 (28.2 +/- 25.4) ng/ml. The range of hemodynamic responses to stressful events also was broad. Representative changes between preincision control and sternotomy were (range and mean +/- SD): HR-8-30 (7 +/- 10) beats/min; PCWP 1-21 (8.5 +/- 4.6) mmHg; CI -0.2-1.1 (-0.2 +/- 0.7) 1 X min-1 X m-2, and SVR -244-1,288 (310 +/- 388) dyn X s X cm-3. By the time of sternal retraction, CI had declined from preincision values in 14 patients. Linear regression analysis demonstrated an inverse correlation between log propranolol and magnitude of HR, MAP, PCWP, and CI response to stressful stimulation. A direct but statistically weaker correlation with SVR also was seen. Significant correlations between log propranolol versus hemodynamic response to anesthetic induction and versus postcardiopulmonary bypass hemodynamics were not observed. PMID- 6608883 TI - Hemodynamic and two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic analysis of an anaphylactic reaction in a human. PMID- 6608884 TI - Hemodynamic response to diazepam: dependence on prior left ventricular end diastolic pressure. PMID- 6608885 TI - Solid-phase radioimmunoassay for the measurement of IgG antibodies specific for the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae. AB - The sera from 65 asthmatic patients were studied for the measurement of IgG antibodies specific to the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae (D. farinae) by solid-phase radioimmunoassay using polystyrene tubes coated with the antigen extract. The solid-phase radioimmunoassay had about the same sensitivity as the conventional double antibody antigen-binding assay in the detection of mite specific IgG antibodies. The mean value of IgG antibodies was 26.1 (+/- 39.8) micrograms/ml in patients hyposensitized with D. farinae, 23.9 (+/- 29.3) micrograms/ml in those hyposensitized with house dust (HD), and 21.6 (+/- 35.6) micrograms/ml in non-treated patients. A significant difference was detected between HD-treated patients and normals (p less than 0.05). The levels of IgG antibody tended to increase with the increment of the maintenance dose of the D. farinae or HD used in immunotherapy. In addition, eight patients were evaluated for their IgG antibody levels before and after immunotherapy. In five of them, IgG antibodies increased about two to threefold above the value before immunotherapy. These results suggest that the measurement of IgG antibodies by solid-phase radioimmunoassay may be clinically useful in evaluating the effectiveness of immunotherapy. PMID- 6608886 TI - Lymphocyte reactivity to Ostertagia ostertagi L3 antigen in type I ostertagiasis. AB - To better understand the immune response of calves infected with Ostertagia ostertagi, studies were conducted to examine cell-mediated immune responses to L3 antigen and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) by lymphocyte reactivity assay. The L3 antigen was prepared by freeze-thawing and sonication of exsheathed O ostertagi L3. Antigen preparations contained 40 to 60 micrograms of protein/ml and no detectable endotoxin. Cell-mediated immune responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes were determined in 3 groups of 12 calves each: (i) calves given consecutive multiple dose inoculations with L3; (ii) noninfected controls. Consecutive multiple-dose-inoculated calves showed marked increases in stimulation indices (SI) to L3 antigen over the SI of naturally inoculated calves (56.5 and 25.8, respectively). Negative SI were obtained in calves of the noninoculated control group (-1.0). No significant difference (P greater than or equal to 0.05) in response to PHA was obtained between lymphocytes from calves inoculated with O ostertagi and lymphocytes obtained from noninoculated control calves. There was significant (P less than or equal to 0.01) agreement between positive SI and evidence of patent infection (development of type I ostertagiasis). Specificity of lymphocyte reactivity was determined, using lymphocytes from 4 O ostertagi- and 2 Cooperia punctata-infected calves after challenge inoculation. Positive SI to L3 antigen were obtained, using lymphocytes from either O ostertagi- or C punctata-infected calves, indicating that there may be a lack of genus specificity for O ostertagi L3 antigen in lymphocyte reactivity assay. Kinetic studies of lymphocyte reactivity to L3 antigen and PHA showed that responses were briefly suppressed to both of these stimuli in prepatent calves.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6608887 TI - Clinical and laboratory characterization of Basenjis with immunoproliferative small intestinal disease. AB - Eleven adult Basenji dogs with immunoproliferative small intestinal disease (IPSID) were studied. Two items of history related to the digestive tract were characteristic: (i) chronic intractable diarrhea in most dogs, and (ii) progressive emaciation. Anorexia was intermittent in only a few dogs. In addition, skin lesions of various degrees of severity were observed, including alopecia of pinnae and ventrum, hyperpigmentation and hyperkeratosis of pinnae, and necrosis and ulcerations of margins of pinnae. The cause of the skin lesions was not determined; however, hypothyroidism did not appear to contribute to the skin changes. Standard hematologic and serum chemical values were not consistently abnormal. However, a poorly regenerative anemia, mild neutrophilia, and increased aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities were generally observed in severely affected dogs. The Pelger-Huet anomaly was identified in dog 3. Maldigestion and malabsorption as determined by the N benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid and d-xylose test was documented to varying degrees in dogs with IPSID. Maldigestion was correlated with functional pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. Severe malabsorption was documented in only 3 dogs. Serum gastrin values were evaluated in these dogs because of a prior observation of parietal cell hyperplasia and gastric ulceration. Hypergastrinemia was documented in 3 dogs. Additional studies will be necessary to determine whether an acid hypersecretory state contributes to the pathogenesis of IPSID in Basenjis. PMID- 6608888 TI - Comparative pathologic features and development of Sphaeridiotrema globulus (Trematoda) infections in the mute swan and domestic chicken and chicken chorioallantois. AB - The natural infection of Sphaeridiotrema globulus in the mute swan and the experimental infection in the chicken resulted in an ulcerative hemorrhagic enteritis. Swans and chickens died from the resultant blood loss. Culturing of the parasite on the chorioallantoic membrane of the chicken egg resulted in hemorrhage and a cellular response of the chorioallantois to the trematode. Experimental infections in the domestic chicken and chicken embryo can be of use for the study of ulcerative hemorrhagic enteritis produced by the trematode, pathologic features, identification of the metacercaria to the adult, and developmental aspects of the parasite. PMID- 6608890 TI - Alveolar lavage, bronchial irrigation and the diagnosis of pneumocystis. PMID- 6608889 TI - Release of interleukin-1 by alveolar macrophages of patients with active pulmonary sarcoidosis. AB - Activated T-lymphocytes play a central role in the alveolitis of pulmonary sarcoidosis by recruiting monocytes, the building blocks of granulomata, to the alveolar structures. The present study suggests that the lung mononuclear phagocyte population, which is derived from blood monocytes, may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis by modulating local T-cell activation. In this regard, alveolar macrophages from sarcoid patients with high-intensity alveolitis released significantly greater amounts of lymphocyte-activating factor (interleukin-1), in vitro, than did macrophages from sarcoid patients with low intensity alveolitis, patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, or normal control subjects (p less than 0.001, each comparison). Consistent with the concept that the lungs of sarcoid patients with low-intensity alveolitis may have a low level of inflammation present, alveolar macrophages from this group released more interleukin-1 than did macrophages from the normal group (p less than 0.05). These observations suggest that in pulmonary sarcoidosis: (1) mononuclear phagocytes are activated, and this state of activation correlates with the activity of the lung disease; (2) activated lung mononuclear phagocytes may modulate lung lymphocyte function, and thus play a critical role in the pathogenesis of this disease. PMID- 6608891 TI - [Scabies vs. histiocytosis X: a possible diagnostic error]. AB - Scabies is a relatively common disease among Spanish children. The classic papulovesicular type is not usually a diagnostic problem. Therefore, the nodular type, much less frequent, is unknown for a lot of specialists (except dermatologist), and even it is mistaken for Histiocytosis or Lymphoma. Authors present a female infant, 6 months old, with nodular skin lesions whose first diagnosis was X-Histiocytosis. Regarding the big difference between the two processes (in respect of prognosis and treatment), this chance should be excluded, among others, when X-Histiocytosis is suspected in a child with sole skin affectation. PMID- 6608892 TI - [Congenital reticulohistiocytosis X]. PMID- 6608893 TI - Immunologic defects in young male patients with hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia. AB - Extensive immunologic studies were done in 97 patients with severe aplastic anemia between 1973 and 1979. Sixteen young male patients with hepatitis associated aplastic anemia appeared to constitute a unique subset. Compared with most patients with aplastic anemia from other causes, these 16 patients had significant reductions in the mean values of circulating T lymphocytes, serum IgG and IgM, mitogen reactivity, and decreased cutaneous hypersensitivity. The ratio of peripheral blood helper to suppressor T lymphocytes identified by monoclonal antibodies was within normal limits in 3 patients studied with hepatitis associated aplastic anemia. Interestingly, the ratio was low (less than 1) in 3 of 7 patients studied with aplastic anemia from other causes, although the mean for these 7 patients was normal. These data suggest that patients in this subset with hepatitis-associated severe aplastic anemia have a severe immunodeficiency. Whether this immunodeficiency is the cause or result of the hepatitis or aplastic anemia, or both, is unknown. PMID- 6608894 TI - Diffuse immunoblastic sarcoma from benign lymphoid proliferation. PMID- 6608896 TI - [Criteria of the immediate therapeutic management of hemorrhage of esophageal varices. Prognostic significance of some angiographic aspects]. PMID- 6608895 TI - [A rare case of hemorrhagic lipoma of the afferent loop concomitant to carcinoma of the gastric stump]. PMID- 6608897 TI - Localization and persistence of spiroplasmas in an experimental brain infection in suckling rats. AB - The GT-48 strain of Spiroplasma mirum was employed in an experimental brain infection in 1-day old suckling rats in order to define the localization and persistence of organisms in brain and spleen and to evaluate the responses of three distinct genetic lines of rats. Rat pups inoculated intracerebrally with 30 300 organisms exhibited peak infections at 15-20 days post-inoculation, while challenge levels of 3-30 organisms showed some persistent infections for as long as 60 days. The responses of three genetic lines of rats to the experimental spiroplasma infection did not differ significantly over a 60-day follow-up period. The acute-phase infection in suckling rats showed a rapidly developing and widespread dissemination of organisms to all major areas of the brain. PMID- 6608898 TI - Role of mitogenicity in pathogenicity of mycoplasmas for murine hosts. AB - The mitogenicity and pathogenicity of Mycoplasma pulmonis were compared in two rat strains. Both the mitogenic and the pathologic effects induced by M. pulmonis membranes were more severe in Lewis rats than in Hooded rats, and were dependent on the mitogen doses used. It was concluded that the severity of lung lesions induced by M. pulmonis membranes correlated with the degree of mitogenic responses of the different rat strains to this organism. The roles of T- and B cell mitogens in induction of pneumonia were studied in Hooded rats treated intranasally with either the T-cell mitogen concanavalin A or with M. neurolyticum membranes which stimulate the B-cell populations, or with both concanavalin A and M. neurolyticum. Results clearly showed that the individual B- and T-cell mitogens affected the lungs of treated animals. Nevertheless, the mitogenic co-stimulation of both B and T lymphocytes in rat lungs was necessary to obtain maximal development of interstitial lymphocytic pneumonia. PMID- 6608899 TI - The specificity repertoire of prereceptor and mature B cells. PMID- 6608900 TI - The effect of somatic mutation on antibody affinity. PMID- 6608901 TI - Antibody-specific regulation of primary and secondary B-cell responses. PMID- 6608902 TI - Induction of anti-arsonate CRI positive antibodies in BALB/c mice. PMID- 6608903 TI - Regulation of the anti-trinitrophenyl response by anti-idiotype antibodies. PMID- 6608904 TI - The level of expression and the molecular distribution of ABPC 48 idiotopes in levan- or anti-idiotope-primed BALB/c mice. PMID- 6608905 TI - Anti-idiotypic antibodies and autoantibodies. AB - In this paper, we have provided experimental evidence that antibodies to autoantigens bear common idiotypes and that this property makes them susceptible to anti-idiotypic regulation. Spontaneously occurring autoantibodies to Tg in rats have been extensively investigated as a model of immune response responsible for the appearance of autoimmune disease. Large idiotypic cross-reactivity was found among autoantibodies of various individual animals. Similarly, a high degree of idiotypic relatedness was found among mouse monoclonal antibodies reacting with a highly conserved antigenic domain of thyroglobulin. Both rat and mice idiotype were found to be present on spontaneous and induced antibodies to rat thyroglobulin from individuals of other species. In vivo experiments showed that anti-idiotypic antibodies can be effective in suppressing autoantibodies formation. In the induced TIN in BN rats, a single injection of anti-idiotypic serum prior to the induction of autoimmune disease was sufficient to generate a significant selective suppression of autoantibodies produced against a pathogenetic chemical form of the autoantigen, that is, the one against which the autoantibodies used to prepare the anti-idiotypic reagent as mostly reactive. Similarly, it was found that repeated injections of anti-idiotype into rats with ongoing spontaneous production of autoantibodies to thyroglobulin were able to significantly decrease the amount of circulating autoantibodies from the pretreatment values. Thus, although the beneficial effect of anti-idiotype observed in these experiments was only partial, indications were obtained that a specific anti-idiotypic immunity can be used to regulate autoantibody production. Finally, evidence has been provided to support the hypothesis that auto-anti idiotype, as a normal constituent of the immune response, can be responsible for the potentiation of immune complex-mediated tissue injury that is often the hallmark of autoimmune diseases. PMID- 6608906 TI - Studies of the arsonate system using monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6608907 TI - Immunorestorative capacity of tuftsin after long-term administration to aging mice. PMID- 6608908 TI - Recovery of vestibulo-ocular reflex and gaze disturbance in patients with unilateral loss of labyrinthine function. AB - Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain and the ability of gaze fixation were investigated in patients with unilateral loss of labyrinthine function during the time course of compensation (four days to 6 months). A marked directional difference in the VOR gain in the acute stage (0.51 to 0.73 at four days) decreased proportionately to the logarithm of time on rotations to the affected side and to the intact side by an increase and a slight decrease of the gain, respectively. Gaze disturbance, which occurred only on rotations to the affected side, recovered in parallel with the decrease of directional difference in the VOR gain; it was still found at 1 Hz at 6 months. Recovery of gaze disturbance in unilateral lesions seems to be accomplished not only by the change in the VOR gain, but also by intensified amplification of this gain to make up for a low VOR gain. PMID- 6608909 TI - Cochlear implant versus vestibular stimulation. Communication. AB - Results obtained with cochlear electrode implants in totally deaf patients indicate that this means of transmitting auditory information can be of great help in lipreading and remote sound contact. However, using an alternate approach involving fenestration of the labyrinth and acoustical stimulation of the vestibular nerve, we generated a signal in an animal model superior in quality to that generated by electrical stimulation of the cochlea of the cat. This communication raises the question of whether a vestibular signal could be processed so that a deaf person could hear and identify sounds. PMID- 6608910 TI - [Treatment of idiopathic scoliosis. Current trends]. PMID- 6608911 TI - [Intramural hematoma of the digestive tract from vitamin K antagonists]. PMID- 6608912 TI - A re-examination of the incidence of circulating immune complexes in normal pregnancy. AB - Circulating immune complexes were detected in 20% of serum samples from pregnant patients by the liquid-phase C1q-binding assay. Two other immune complex assays yielded negative results with the same samples. A careful case study was also carried out in which serum samples from before, during and after a normal pregnancy were analysed. The results are discussed in relation to the contradictory data previously published in this field. PMID- 6608913 TI - Calculation of recurrence risk in the case of ankylosing spondylitis taking into consideration the antigen HLA-B-27. AB - The authors have provided a new recurrence risk table of ankylosing spondylitis. The mathematical problem solved was to combine a continuous distribution for polygenic inheritance with a discrete one, HLA-B-27 antigen 'yes' or 'no'. Previously the highest probability of recurrence was 0.0785 in the case of an affected mother's son and it increased to 0.1416 when the B-27 antigen positive affected mother had a B-27 positive son. PMID- 6608915 TI - T cells as regulators of haematopoiesis. PMID- 6608914 TI - A two-susceptibility-allele model for genetic diseases and associated marker loci: differences and similarities to a one-s-allele model. AB - A model for genetic diseases and associated markers is defined where two distinct susceptibility alleles are possible, each associated with a different marker allele. Marker genotype distributions in a disease population are then expressed in terms of haplotype frequencies and penetrance parameters. It is shown that, if the heterozygote with two different disease alleles has a higher penetrance than the two disease homogzygotes, the observed to 'Hardy-Weinberg-expected' ratio of associated marker genotypes (the alpha/beta ratio of Falk, Mendell & Rubinstein, 1983) will always be greater than or equal to one. When all disease penetrances are equal, the model becomes indistinguishable from a recessive one-s-allele model with alpha/beta = 1. Application of these observations to several data sets for insulin dependent diabetes mellitus suggests the possibility that different marker genotype distributions in different samples may be due to different penetrances of the disease genotypes in the samples. If a particular environment causes the heterozygote disease genotype (with two different disease alleles) to have the highest penetrance, the marker genotype distribution would be compatible with the 2-s-allele model. In other environments where the three disease genotypes have essentially equal penetrances, the marker distribution would be compatible with the 1-s-allele model. PMID- 6608916 TI - Role of monocytes in the augmentation of human natural killer cell activity by interleukin-2. AB - The cellular requirement(s) and mechanism(s) involved in the augmentation of human natural killer cell (NK) activity by Interleukin (IL-2) were studied. NK activity was enhanced by IL-2 in the absence of monocytes. This potentiation of IL-2 on NK enhancement was suppressed by PGE2, and was enhanced by indomethacin in the experiments using unfractionated mononuclear cells. When monocyte-depleted cells were stimulated with IL-2, the cytotoxic activity was greater than that seen with unfractionated mononuclear cells. Monocytes in culture produced PGE2 which partially reduced NK enhancement by IL-2. These findings suggest that PGE2, produced by monocytes, regulates the NK enhancement by IL-2 in vitro. PMID- 6608917 TI - Extraction of clinical information from electroencephalographic background activity: the combined use of brain electrical activity mapping and intravenous sodium thiopental. AB - Traditional visual inspection of electroencephalographic (EEG) tracings and computer-assisted topographic mapping were compared in their abilities to detect and locate supratentorial lesions following intravenous sodium thiopental administration. Of the 13 subjects, 8 had atrophic and 5 had mass lesions, all defined by computed tomographic scan and 11 confirmed at operation. EEGs made before and after thiopental administration were evaluated separately from topographic maps of statistical difference between EEGs at multiple frequency ranges made before and after thiopental injection. Topographic mapping of statistical difference accurately detected all thirteen lesions, whereas EEG detected eight. In addition to demonstrating reduced beta production overlying structural abnormalities, topographic mapping revealed regionally augmented beta, especially over irritative lesions. Moreover, localization was possible with the topographic method after the first thiopental injection, whereas a second injection was required for EEG localization by visual inspection. Changes in slow (delta) activity were also useful in delineation of atrophic lesions, in which delta was usually augmented but occasionally regionally reduced. Multielectrode studies with topographic mapping appear essential in delineating cerebral abnormalities, because both slow and fast activities may be increased or reduced over such areas. The relative response of EEG background activity to thiopental at different frequencies may assist lesion characterization as well as localization. PMID- 6608918 TI - The lymphoproliferative response to measles virus in twins with multiple sclerosis. AB - The cellular immune response to measles virus, as measured by lymphocyte proliferation in normal individuals, is considerably lower than that to mumps or vaccinia viruses, and stable multiple sclerosis patients do not differ significantly from the norm. The response to these viruses was studied in 28 twin sets both concordant and discordant for multiple sclerosis. Normal responses to mumps and vaccinia viruses occurred throughout. Seven affected twins manifested a persistently elevated response to measles virus, whereas the unaffected twins had a (normal) low response. The differences were unrelated to differences in T cell subsets, unusual kinetics of the response, or differential susceptibility of lymphocytes to the effects of measles virus infection in vitro. The specificity of the response resides in an E+ subpopulation, and the addition of low-responder E+ cells to high-responder E+ cells failed to identify an active low-responder suppressor population. These findings suggest the presence of clonally expanded measles-specific T cell populations in the high responders with multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6608919 TI - Efficacy of 2'-nor-2'-deoxyguanosine treatment for orofacial herpes simplex virus type 1 skin infections in mice. AB - 2'-Nor-2'-deoxyguanosine (2'NDG), a new antiviral agent, conferred protection when given orally or topically to hairless mice after the mice were subjected to orofacial infection with herpes simplex virus type 1. The average severity of orofacial lesions was significantly reduced in mice receiving oral gavage treatments twice daily for 7 days beginning 3 h postinfection. The minimum effective dose of 2'NDG was 0.2 mg/kg per day. A minimum of eight treatments over 4 days resulted in a significant reduction in lesion severity. Topical treatment begun 3 h postinfection and continued four times daily for 3 days resulted in a minimum effective dose of 0.06%. Oral treatment with 2'NDG begun as late as 72 h postinfection or topical treatment begun as late as 48 h postinfection resulted in significantly reduced lesion severity compared with lesion severity among placebo-treated animals. In addition, significant prevention of ganglionic infection occurred when 2'NDG was administered either orally or topically within 24 h after infection. PMID- 6608920 TI - Detection of PSE-2 beta-lactamase in enterobacteria. AB - PSE-2, a plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase which was previously considered pseudomonas specific, was observed in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Providencia stuartii, and Enterobacter cloacae. All four isolates transferred PSE-2 production, together with resistance to gentamicin, tobramycin, kanamycin, and sulfamethoxazole, into Escherichia coli J62-1 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PU21. Transfer correlated with acquisition by the transconjugants of a 65-megadalton plasmid, and this element was considered to encode PSE-2 expression. The PSE-2 enzyme conferred high-level carbenicillin resistance on both J62-1 and PU21 transconjugants, although the PSE-2-producing Providencia stuartii isolate was susceptible to carbenicillin. PMID- 6608921 TI - Cefuroxime treatment of bacterial meningitis in infants and children. AB - Recently, ampicillin- and chloramphenicol-resistant strains of Haemophilus influenzae type b and multiply-resistant Salmonella strains have appeared in some areas of the world. Therefore, alternative drug therapy for infections caused by these organisms is being sought. We used cefuroxime to successfully treat five children with H. influenzae type b meningitis and two children with Salmonella meningitis. Four H. influenzae type b isolates and one Salmonella isolate were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole. Each of the patients received 200 to 250 mg of cefuroxime per kg per day in four divided doses for 14 to 21 days. The concentrations of cefuroxime in cerebrospinal fluid at 2 h after intravenous 50-mg/kg doses were 6.4 +/- 1.7 (mean +/- standard deviation) and 3.6 +/- 2.2 micrograms/ml on days 2 and 14 of treatment, respectively. The level of drug in cerebrospinal fluid was 1.34 +/- 1.3 micrograms/ml in children without meningitis. The mean cefuroxime concentration in subdural fluid samples from each of three patients was 12.6, 15, and 25.2 micrograms/ml. Cefuroxime is recommended as an alternative drug for the treatment of H. influenzae type b meningitis, but additional information is necessary before cefuroxime can be recommended for therapy of Salmonella meningitis. PMID- 6608922 TI - Two-dimensional gel analysis demonstrates no structural alteration of HLA-B27 polypeptides between patients with ankylosing spondylitis and healthy individuals. AB - After precipitation of the HLA-B27 antigen from the surface of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) by means of an anti-HLA-B27 allospecific monoclonal antibody 2 dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to compare the structure of the B27 antigens derived from 5 patients with ankylosing spondylitis with that of healthy HLA-B27 positive counterparts. No significant difference in polypeptide structure was noted, which suggests that the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis does not involve a structural alteration in cell surface HLA-B27 molecules. PMID- 6608923 TI - Limitation of joint mobility (cheiroarthropathy) in adult noninsulin-dependent diabetic patients. AB - Joint mobility was assessed in 80 consecutive adult noninsulin-dependent diabetic (NIDD) patients and 47 nondiabetic controls matched for age and sex. Impairment of mobility was observed in 36 NIDD patients but only 7 controls (p less than 0.01). There was no significant differences between diabetic patients with and without impaired mobility with regards to age, duration of diabetes, mean daily insulin dose, or overall diabetic control as assessed by the measurement of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C). However, NIDD patients with impaired joint mobility had a significantly increased frequency of microvascular disease, as shown by retinopathy and/or nephropathy (42% versus 22%, p less than 0.05), were more often on insulin treatment (86% versus 63%, p less than 0.05) and more frequently had additional rheumatic disorders such as Dupuytren's contracture and osteoarthritis (36% versus 18%, p less than 0.05). In addition tight waxy skin over the phalanges was commonly associated with impaired mobility (58% versus 22%, p less than 0.01). Limitation of joint mobility was most prominent in the hands but caused no functional impairment. This finding may be an additional marker of microvascular disease in the adult diabetic patient. PMID- 6608924 TI - Polymorphonuclear cell motility, ankylosing spondylitis, and HLA B27. AB - Polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) function was studied in 29 subjects with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Of these, 20 were HLA B27+ve and 9 B27-ve. There were 30 controls and, of these, 15 were B27+ve. Random and directed cell migration was measured by 2 techniques: migration through a micropore filter and migration under an agar film. The chemo-attractant was either case in-activated serum or zymosan-activated serum. By both techniques directed motility was increased in subjects with B27 or with AS when compared to the B27-ve controls. This suggests that the disease AS and the possession of B27 are both associated with increased PMN motility. PMID- 6608925 TI - Antibodies to cellular antigens in Greek patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases: anti-Ro(SSA) antibody a possible marker of penicillamine-D intolerance. AB - One hundred and twenty-four sera from Greek patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (29 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 24 with scleroderma, 11 with primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS), and 60 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were tested for antibodies to nRNP, Sm, Scl-70, Ro(SSA), and La(SSB) cellular antigens. The incidence of these antibodies in the different groups of patients examined, did not differ overall from that described previously. It was noted, however, that antibodies to Sm were very infrequently found in Greek patients with SLE and anti-Ro positive patients with SLE did not have the clinical manifestations described by other workers. Finally, it was found that anti-Ro positive patients with RA experienced a high frequency of side effects from penicillamine-D. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 6608926 TI - Catastrophic hemorrhage during redo sternotomy. AB - This paper reviews the attitude of 131 surgeons to the performance of a second sternotomy incision and assesses 144 severe hemorrhages that occurred as the sternotomy was being done. Eighty-eight percent of the hemorrhages occurred in situations in which the pericardium had not been closed at the first operation. From these events and the present attitude of surgeons responding to our questionnaire, we offer advice on the management of second sternotomies and on the management of hemorrhage when it occurs. PMID- 6608927 TI - Functional benefits following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. AB - While some studies of patients who undergo cardiac surgery have included such outcome measures as amounts of symptom reduction and rates of resumption of employment, little attention has been focused on the extent to which these patients have experienced the simple, yet very important, broad range of functional benefits that might be anticipated by clinicians to result from operation. The present report seeks to document the extent of improvement that does exist in terms of physical, sexual, and social-role functioning. In a cohort of 340 patients (age, 32 to 69 years) studied before and six months after coronary artery bypass operation, improvements were noted in each of three dimensions of functional benefit: physical functioning (fewer total activity restrictions or incapacitated days per month), sexual functioning (through increased energy and desire and decreased pain and worry), and role functions (ability to work, social participation, and pursuit of hobbies). Further improvements might be anticipated with additional months of recovery. PMID- 6608928 TI - Calcium channel blockers: an intraoperative and postoperative trial in women. AB - This study analyzes the effects of intraoperative and postoperative calcium channel blockers on myocardial protection, postoperative arrhythmias, perioperative infarctions, and survival. Thirty-nine women undergoing consecutive coronary artery bypass operations were placed either in a control group (N = 23), in which standard cold potassium cardioplegia was used, or in a verapamil nifedipine group (N = 16), in which verapamil (1 mg per liter) was added to the standard cardioplegic solution and nifedipine was instituted postoperatively. The verapamil-nifedipine group showed a significant reduction in postoperative levels of creatine phosphokinase (p less than 0.05). Levels of aspartate aminotransferase were also reduced (74 IU/L) compared with those for the control group (114 IU/L). In the control group, there were 3 early deaths secondary to abrupt ventricular fibrillation, but no patient in the verapamil-nifedipine group died or had serious early ventricular arrhythmias. Late hemodynamic variables were similar in both groups. We conclude that calcium channel blockers enhance myocardial protection during ischemic arrest and may diminish the incidence of fatal early postoperative ventricular arrhythmias in women undergoing coronary revascularization. PMID- 6608929 TI - Effect of ticlopidine on saphenous vein bypass patency rates: a double-blind study. AB - The effects of ticlopidine, a new antiplatelet agent, on graft patency rate was investigated in a group of 150 consecutive patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass graft procedures. In a double-blind study, two groups of 75 patients each received ticlopidine (250 mg twice daily) or a placebo during a three-month period. Graft patency was evaluated by repeat angiography in 38 patients and by rest and stress myocardial scintigraphy in 93. Combined angiographic and scintigraphic analysis was performed in 36 patients. The biological effects of ticlopidine on platelet activity were assessed by bleeding time and appropriate ex vivo tests. Graft patency was evaluated in 131 patients (87%). Evaluation was performed at the end of the three-month therapy period in 77 patients (Groups T1 [ticlopidine] and P1 [placebo]) and five months later in 54 patients. The total graft attrition rate was 10.1% in Group T1 compared with 20.3% in Group P1 (p less than 0.1). Excluding patients with discordant biological data, the attrition rate was 7.1% for Group T1 compared with 21.8% for Group P1 (p less than 0.02). There was no difference between the subgroups evaluated five months after the end of therapy. Ticlopidine appears to be an effective means of protecting graft patency as long as the biological effects of the drug are present. This protective effect disappears when the drug is discontinued, which suggests that ticlopidine should be prescribed for a longer period, at least for the first year after operation. PMID- 6608930 TI - Disorders of the thymus. A review. AB - The thymus remains one of the least understood organs in the body. It has gone from the villain to the hero. For many years, it was blamed for what is now recognized as the sudden infant death syndrome; now, its role of immunosurveillance is being recognized. In spite of the fact that there are only two predominant cell types within the thymus, there are nearly 15 histologically different neoplasms of the thymus. These, in turn, are associated with more than 20 parathymic syndromes that affect approximately 40% of patients with thymoma. The three most common of these syndromes associated with thymic disorders are myasthenia gravis (MG), pure red cell aplasia (PRCA), and hypogammaglobulinemia. Thymomas are found in 15% of patients with MG, 50% of those with PRCA, and 10% of those with adult-onset hypogammaglobulinemia. Of all thymomas, 35% are malignant, that is, invasive or metastatic. PMID- 6608931 TI - Bilateral nipple necrosis after intravenous vasopressin therapy. AB - Bilateral nipple necrosis developed in two patients after intravenous vasopressin therapy for bleeding esophageal varices. When vasopressin therapy was promptly tapered and discontinued, recovery of skin changes occurred gradually. The role and some of the reported complications of vasopressin therapy in bleeding esophageal varices are discussed herein. PMID- 6608932 TI - Chemotherapy-associated pulmonary toxic reactions during treatment for breast cancer. AB - Chemotherapy-related pneumonitis developed in eight patients during treatment for breast cancer. Six were receiving adjuvant therapy and two were being treated for metastatic disease. Fever, chills, dyspnea, and dry cough were the initial symptoms. Observations from chest roentgenograms varied from normal to bilateral interstitial-alveolar infiltrates. Results of pulmonary function tests were markedly abnormal, with a decreased diffusing capacity being the most characteristic abnormality. The pneumonitis developed in six patients while receiving 20 mg or less per day of prednisone and appeared temporarily related to tapering of steroid therapy in four patients. All patients recovered clinically, although prednisone therapy of 60 mg/day or its equivalent was required in three cases. Mild pulmonary function abnormalities persisted. Drug-induced pneumonitis should be considered in the differential diagnoses of patients with breast cancer in whom unexplained fever, dyspnea, or infiltrates develop during multidrug chemotherapy. PMID- 6608933 TI - Propylthiouracil and hepatitis. Two cases and a review of the literature. AB - Propylthiouracil-induced hepatitis is an uncommon entity. Two further cases are reported herein, and the clinical and laboratory features of the other six cases in the English literature are reviewed. The initial appearance of the disease is similar to that of viral hepatitis, characterized by nausea, vomiting, and jaundice. The biochemical pattern of injury is predominantly hepatocellular, with marked elevation of transaminase valves and less striking elevation of alkaline phosphatase values. Recovery is usually complete after withdrawal of the drug, but there have been at least two fatalities, including the first patient (to our knowledge) whose case is reported herein. Despite its rarity, the disease should be suspected in any patient receiving propylthiouracil in whom clinical or laboratory evidence of hepatocellular injury develops. PMID- 6608934 TI - [Malignant histiocytosis of the intestine. An anatomo-clinical case report]. AB - Clinico-pathological case report of a 11 year-old girl who successively presented persistent abdominal pain, pneumoperitoneum, repeated intestinal hemorrhages, superficial intestinal ulcerations, first localized on the jejunum and later extended to the all gut. After a course of 13 months, the child died from diffuse and repeated hemorrhages. The morphologic studies revealed a diffuse and homogeneous cellular infiltrate made of large round "lymphomatous" cells scattered within the lamina propria and submucosa. Initially this superficial cellular infiltrate was overshadowed by accompanying inflammatory cells and was not recognized as a tumoral process. Later on the dissemination of abnormal cells to the entire ileon, mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen and liver and the cellular appearance confirmed its neoplastic nature and allowed to consider this process as a malignant histiocytosis of the intestine as described by Isaacson and Wright. This case seems to be the first case reported in childhood. PMID- 6608935 TI - The pleomorphic cells of advanced mycosis fungoides. An ultrastructural study. AB - Five patients with advanced disseminated mycosis fungoides were studied, using light and electron microscopy. All had lesions with large pleomorphic cells by light microscopy. In three of the patients, nonlymphoid tissue was studied, including pericardium, epididymis, and small intestine. All areas selected for ultrastructural study showed large pleomorphic cells. We conclude that these represent poorly differentiated lymphoid cells derived from Sezary lymphocytes. This is based on nuclear and organelle similarities between the Sezary and pleomorphic cells, as well as the demonstration of intermediate forms. PMID- 6608936 TI - The prevalence of sexually stressful events among females in the general population. AB - Five hundred sixteen adult females were administered a questionnaire inquiring into the nature of sexually stressful events in their lives. There were 500 responses, and, of those, 298 (59.9%) had experienced an event of this type. A total of 416 different incidents were reported. They were categorized by the authors as either noninvasive (harassment, obscene calls, exposures, "peepers") or invasive (fondling, attempted rape, rape). The invasive incidents were most often initiated by a friend, acquaintance, or relative. The noninvasive events were almost always perpetrated by strangers. The subjects were asked to report the emotional impact of the events. All were reported to be stressful, with rape being the most stressful event. Regardless of whether formal therapy was sought, all victims reported lowered stress levels over time. There were 98 incidents reported when the subjects were 13 years of age or younger. There were 45 invasive events, including 9 rapes. All the rapes were committed by acquaintances or relatives. Only one victim of childhood rape received professional attention. Of the 41 women who were raped, nearly 75% were raped by acquaintances or relatives. This does not parallel existing emergency room data, suggesting that the group of patients who report to medical authorities may be a skewed sample of rape victims. Only four victims reported their rapes to either legal or medical authorities. PMID- 6608937 TI - Angiodysplasia of the colon. A review of 17 cases. AB - From October 1977 through December 1982, 24 patients with lower gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage were diagnosed by visceral angiography as having angiodysplasia of the colon. Seventeen of them underwent surgery for definitive treatment of their hemorrhage. Five patients had lesions on both sides of the colon, and five had coagulation disorders. Three of the 17 patients with lesions isolated to the cecum underwent right hemicolectomy. The rest underwent subtotal colectomy with ileoproctostomy. No patient had recurrent or persistent bleeding. There were three deaths in the subtotal colectomy group (21%); coagulation disorders contributed to two of them. Subtotal colectomy was universally successful in controlling bleeding but had a significant mortality in these elderly patients. Coagulopathy, especially platelet disorders, was a significant risk factor with this diagnosis. A coagulation panel, including platelet function, should be part of the preoperative assessment. PMID- 6608938 TI - The distal splenorenal shunt. AB - Our initial use of the distal splenorenal shunt (DSRS) in 1973 was fostered by disappointment with the results of so-called total shunts. This selective shunt was, when anatomically feasible, our preferred therapy until 1980, when surgical referral was affected by enthusiasm for sclerotherapy. Our study of 71 DSRSs is uncontrolled because we could not recruit patients for a prospective randomized trial that involved either no treatment of operations that had proven faults. Our experience shows that operative risk (4%) and incidence of postshunt encephalopathy (6%) are low, that the rate of shunt occlusion is acceptable (10%), and that bleeding is as well controlled as with other shunts. Survival rates correlate with the cause of portal hypertension and with hepatic functional reserve. Analysis of the causes of death shows that the natural history of cirrhosis and coexistent disease are major determinants of prognosis. PMID- 6608939 TI - [Development of the neural apparatus of blood vessels in the common frog in ontogenesis]. AB - The neural apparatus of the aorta, abdominal vein, ischiatic, femoral, pulmonary and caudal vessels has been studied histochemically in tadpoles (the 30th-50th stages of development) and in 1-year-old animals. It has been stated for the first time that in the frog, a representative of the Amphibia class, like in mammals and birds, formation of the adrenergic apparatus in various vessels does not take place simultaneously. For instance, the first adrenergic fibers in the hind limb vessels appear much earlier than in other arteries and veins. The process of the adrenergic innervation development and its completion in vessels of various areas is taking its course differently. In the aorta and in the abdominal vein the formation of the adrenergic plexus develops as increasing density and amount of the mediator in the adrenergic fibers and is completed with maturation in an adult animal. In contrast to these vessels, maturation of the adrenergic apparatus in the hind limb arteries and veins takes place during a shorter interval and is completed at the end of metamorphosis AchE-containing fibers are revealed in tadpoles, as well as in a mature frog only in the aortal arc and in the pulmonary artery. In these vessels the development of cholinergic innervation leaves behind that of the adrenergic innervation, as it does in the vessels of Mammalia, and the human subject. PMID- 6608940 TI - [Distribution of nerve fiber nodes with different cytochemical properties in bushy interoceptors]. AB - Distribution of generation zones of the action potential (AP) in the bushy interoceptors of the frog urinary bladder has been studied by means of D. C. Quick and S. G. Waxman cytochemical technique (1977). A positive reaction is obtained from the nodes of the neural fibers and a part of semi-nodi. The dependence of active nodi distribution on the length of the myelin branches is revealed. Three variants in distribution of precipitate are found in the divided fibers. If the distance between the semi-nodi is 60-350 mcm, the precipitate deposits more proximal to the node division. When the distance between the semi nodi is 1,300-1,650 mcm, the active nodi are in both branches of the divided fiber. When the distance between the semi-nodi is 460-940 mcm, the active nodi are either in one branch only, or no branches give any positive reaction, and the precipitate deposits in the node of branching. Since the precipitate deposition characterizes, according to D. C. Quick and S. G. Waxman (1977) data, the AP generation places, it is possible to suppose that several impulse generators are present in one receptor, when the distance between its semi-nodi is not less than 1,300 mcm. A specific precipitate is supposed to deposit in the plates. It speaks in favour of a great density of transmembranous currents that determine transformation of a mechanical stimulus into a receptory potential. PMID- 6608941 TI - Age, gender and patterns of common intense fears among adults. PMID- 6608942 TI - [Bone electrostimulation with impulse current]. PMID- 6608943 TI - Inhibition of dopamine uptake by N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, a cause of parkinsonism. AB - N-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine has been reported to cause parkinsonism in man and monkeys, producing behavioral effects within 5 min of administration. The compound reversibly and competively inhibited (IC50 = 2 microM) dopamine uptake into PC12, a clonal line of rat pheochromocytoma cells that store and secrete dopamine and acetylcholine. Uptake of choline and 2 deoxyglucose was not affected. Prolonged exposure to the compound was lethal to PC12; survivors of this treatment lost the ability to store dopamine and acetylcholine and to extend neurites upon incubation with nerve growth factor. PMID- 6608944 TI - [3H]UTP incorporation in permeabilized mouse L-cells is inhibited by antibodies directed against a structural nuclear protein. AB - Newly transcribed RNA is apparently attached to a nuclear structural framework whose main proteins are lamins A, C and B. Whether this attachment is fortuitous or has some functional importance was tested by measuring [3H]UTP incorporation into RNA of permeabilized mouse L-cells after incubation with antibodies against these polypeptides. Antibodies against only lamin B and not against lamins A, C inhibited low concentration alpha-amanitin-sensitive RNA transcription. Lamin B antibodies inhibited only in an assay system with whole nuclei and not in a soluble assay system. Anti-lamin B therefore does not block the actual transcriptional machinery, but rather seems to crosslink the structural framework on which transcription takes place in the intact nucleus, inhibiting dynamic changes essential to RNA synthesis. PMID- 6608945 TI - Uptake of calcium antagonistic drugs into muscles as related to their lipid solubilities. AB - Calcium antagonists, e.g. bepridil and verapamil, block the Ca2+-dependent slow action potentials in frog skeletal muscle [L.M. Kerr and N. Sperelakis, J. Pharmac. exp. Ther. 222, 80 (1982)]. To determine whether the calcium antagonistic drugs may enter the fibers and exert an internal action as well, uptake of tritiated bepridil, verapamil, nitredipine, nifedipine, and diltiazem into rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles was examined. It was found that the uptake values of verapamil, nitrendipine, and bepridil were much higher than those of nifedipine and diltiazem. The order of uptake was: bepridil greater than nitrendipine greater than verapamil much greater than nifedipine greater than diltiazem. The small uptake values of nifedipine and diltiazem may represent primarily binding to the surface membrane. In frog skeletal muscle (sartorius) also, the uptake of bepridil was greater than that of verapamil, and disruption of the T-tubules by the glycerol method did not change them. The same order of drug uptake values was found for monolayer cultures of vascular smooth muscle cells (rat aorta). The order of uptake in isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) from rat skeletal muscles was: verapamil greater than nitrendipine greater than bepridil greater than nifedipine greater than diltiazem. The lipid solubility values of the calcium antagonists were measured by their partition coefficients in oil/Ringer, octanol/Ringer, and chloroform/Ringer systems. The order of lipid solubility was: bepridil greater than verapamil greater than nitrendipine greater than nifedipine much greater than diltiazem. Thus, the calcium antagonists with the highest lipid solubilities were taken up more by the muscle cells and SR. It is concluded that verapamil, bepridil, and nitrendipine enter and accumulate inside the muscle cells, whereas nifedipine and diltiazem do not permeate readily. PMID- 6608946 TI - Differential effects of inhibitors of purine metabolism on two trichomonad species. AB - Tritrichomonas foetus and Trichomonas vaginalis are both incapable of de novo purine nucleotide synthesis. Previous studies indicated that T. foetus relies mainly on the salvage of hypoxanthine and subsequent conversion of IMP to AMP and GMP, whereas T. vaginalis depends on direct conversions of exogenous adenosine to AMP and guanosine to GMP without much interconversion between the two nucleotides. These two different types of purine salvage suggest the possibility of differential sensitivities between the two species of trichomonad flagellates toward different purine antimetabolites. Mycophenolic acid, hadacidin, 8 azaguanine, and formycin B inhibited the growth of T. foetus but had no effect on T. vaginalis. Mycophenolic acid acted by blocking conversion of IMP to GMP, hadacidin inhibited conversion of IMP to AMP, and 8-azaguanine was incorporated into the T. foetus nucleotide pool, likely via hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase. Formycin B was converted to 5'-monophosphate in T. foetus and inhibited the conversion of IMP to AMP. Its precise mechanism of action on T. foetus remains, however, to be elucidated. Alanosine, whose ribonucleotide derivative is a potent inhibitor of adenylosuccinate synthetase, had no effect on the growth or hypoxanthine incorporation in T. foetus, which may be due to the lack of conversion of alanosine to the ribonucleotide because of the absence of de novo purine nucleotide synthesis in parasites. Four adenosine analogs, adenine arabinoside, tubercidin, sangivamycin, and toyocamycin, were found inhibitory to the growth of T. vaginalis but showed little effect on T. foetus growth. Further investigations suggested that these four compounds acted on T. vaginalis by blocking incorporation of adenosine into the adenine nucleotide pool. PMID- 6608948 TI - Winners of the 1983 slide competition. PMID- 6608949 TI - Scientific abstracts: 48th annual meeting, American Rheumatism Association; 19th annual meeting, Arthritis Health Professions Association. June 5-9, 1984, Minneapolis, Minnesota. PMID- 6608947 TI - The clinical utility of the lupus band test. AB - In order to determine the clinical utility of the lupus band test, the presence of dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) deposits of IgG, IgM, IgA, C3, C4, Clq, and properdin were studied in biopsies of clinically normal deltoid area skin from 102 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 151 patients with other rheumatic diseases. One or more proteins were detected at the DEJ in 72.6% (74 of 102) of patients with SLE and in 36.4% (55 of 151) of the other patients, yielding a specificity of 64% and a predictive value of 57%. The predictive value for the diagnosis of SLE was greatest with C4 (100%), properdin (91.3%), and IgA (86.2%) and lowest with IgM (59%). Specificity and predictive value increased with the number of proteins detected at the DEJ. The results suggest that more rigid criteria are required before diagnostic significance is attached to a positive result on the lupus band test. PMID- 6608950 TI - HLA phenotypes in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and their gene carrier mothers. AB - Typing of HLA A, B and C locus antigens was carried out and the frequency distribution calculated in 32 hemizygous children affected by DMD, in 11 mothers who were either obligatory gene carriers or had increased CPK activity, and in 222 healthy blood donors. For typing peripheral blood lymphocytes and the standard NIH lymphocytotoxicity test were used. The HLA-B7 antigen had a tendency to be more frequent, being 31% in the group of hemizygous children with DMD as against 13.5% in the control group (p less than 0.04). In the gene carrier mothers the frequency of HLA-B7 was 36% (p less than 0.12). In the group of DMD hemizygotes the HLA-Aw24 antigen showed a tendency to higher frequency (p less than 0.05). PMID- 6608951 TI - Reliability of the vestibulo-ocular reflex as an index of the effects of hypnotic drugs on the central nervous system. AB - The vestibulo-ocular reflex was tested after the administration of step doses of thiopentone or propanidid in 171 unpremedicated patients. The dose of thiopentone (3 mg kg-1) required to induce loss of nystagmus also abolished the response to verbal command. The dose required to inhibit the reflex in 95% of patients was 7.22 mg kg-1 and prevented adrenergic responses to nociceptive stimulation. The dose of propanidid required to induce loss of nystagmus was greater than that necessary to abolish response to verbal command. The reflex inhibition rate increased proportionally to the dose up to 8 mg kg-1; larger doses exerted a facilitatory effect and reduced the reflex inhibition rate. The vestibulo-ocular reflex is a reliable and sensitive means of demonstrating the different effects exerted by step doses of hypnotic drugs. PMID- 6608952 TI - Complement activation during cardiopulmonary bypass by heparin-protamine interaction. AB - Circulating concentrations of split products of the third complement factor (C3c and C3d) were measured in five patients before, during and after cardiopulmonary bypass. In all patients, C3d concentrations increased significantly in samples obtained after the administration of protamine sulphate. Similarly, circulating C3c was seen only in those samples obtained immediately after protamine administration. In vitro experiments demonstrated that activation of the complement system was attributable to the heparin-protamine complex, and was dose dependent. The activation of complement was not associated with any clinically detectable adverse effects. PMID- 6608953 TI - Age-related trends of gastritis and intestinal metaplasia in gastric carcinoma patients and in controls representing the population at large. AB - Age-related trends of gastritis and intestinal metaplasia (IM) were studied in 476 endoscopically examined and bioptically proved cases of gastric carcinoma (GC), 263 of which were of intestinal (IGC) and 213 of diffuse (DGC) types. Endoscopic biopsy specimens from the area around the tumour were available in all cases, and from the antrum and/or body distant from the tumour area in 238 cases. A representative sample of an endoscopically and bioptically examined Finnish population consisting of 431 subjects was used as control material. In patients with IGC the prevalence of atrophic gastritis in the gastric area affected by the tumour was higher and that of superficial gastritis lower than expected, and the age-group scores of gastritis and IM were situated above the age-dependent line of gastritis scores of controls in all age groups studied. This was seen to indicate a more rapid progression of gastritis in IGC patients than in the population at large. In the opposite area of the stomach, i.e. in the tumour-free area, the progression of gastritis and IM was virtually similar to that in controls. No such differences were seen with regard to DGC. It is concluded that IGC is dynamically closely linked to gastritis and IM, while in DGC no such relationship is demonstrable. PMID- 6608954 TI - Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia occurring in a patient with mycosis fungoides. AB - We report a case of the association of Coombs'-positive haemolytic anaemia with mycosis fungoides. The patient was found to have polyclonal elevation of B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood but infiltration by T helper cells in the skin. PMID- 6608955 TI - In vitro and in vivo studies of iron delivery by human monoferric transferrins. AB - According to the Fletcher-Huehns hypothesis there exists a functional difference between the two iron-binding sites of transferrin. In this study we present the results of an evaluation of this hypothesis in vitro and in vivo with human pure monoferric transferrins obtained by preparative isoelectric focusing in granulated gels. The uptake of iron from monoferric transferrins TfFeC and FeNTf by erythroid bone marrow cells, hepatocytes and stimulated T-lymphocytes in vitro was equal, even when both monoferric transferrins were present together in the incubation medium. Ferrokinetic studies in vivo, performed with both pure monoferric transferrins, showed that transferrin TfFeC, as well as transferrin FeNTf, mainly deliver their iron to the erythron. As red cell 59Fe utilization, red cell iron turnover and other ferrokinetic parameters, obtained from this study, were identical too it is evident that both iron-binding sites of transferrin are functionally homogeneous in vivo, with respect to iron delivery. PMID- 6608956 TI - Prognostic value of biochemical tests in the assessment of fetal outcome in threatened abortion. AB - Maternal concentrations of serum progesterone, oestradiol, chorionic gonadotrophin, Schwangerschaftsprotein 1 and placental protein 5 were measured in 67 patients with threatened abortion. The levels of all biochemical variables were significantly reduced in those patients who had an unfavourable outcome. The clinical efficiency of each of these tests was very similar. PMID- 6608957 TI - Active site of C3a anaphylatoxin: contributions of the lipophilic and orienting residues. AB - Activation of the serum complement cascade generates C3a anaphylatoxin, a primary mediator of inflammation. The active-site pentapeptide from the COOH terminus of C3a, Leu-Gly-Leu-Ala-Arg (residues 73-77), exhibits the inflammatory activities and specificity of the native 77-residue polypeptide. Functionally important features of this active site were studied by testing the ability of 22 synthetic analogues of this pentapeptide to contract isolated muscle strips from guinea pig ileum and to desensitize this tissue to contraction induced by human C3a or C5a. The C3a receptors on mast cells and basophils probably contain lipophilic groups that interact with the lipophilic side chains of Leu-73 and Leu-75 and charged groups that interact with the carboxylate and guanidinium groups of Arg-77. The lipophilic contribution of Leu-73 is modest and sterically nonspecific while that of Leu-75 is substantial and sterically specific. Gly-74 and Ala-76 appear to position and orient the adjacent residues Leu-73, Leu-75, and Arg-77 for optimal receptor binding. The contribution of Gly-74 is neither conformationally nor sterically specific while that of Ala-76 is both conformationally and sterically specific. The cellular C3a receptors evidently interact most efficiently with peptides ending in -Leu-Ala-Arg-OH. PMID- 6608958 TI - Evidence for the conversion of adenosine to 2'-deoxycoformycin by Streptomyces antibioticus. AB - The incorporation and distribution of 14C in 2'-deoxycoformycin, elaborated by Streptomyces antibioticus, were studied with [U-14C]glycine, [U-14C]adenosine and [U-14C]adenine. Similar ratios of 14C in the aglycon and carbohydrate portions of 2'-deoxycoformycin, ara-A, and adenosine isolated from the RNA indicated that [U 14C]adenosine was incorporated into 2'-deoxycoformycin without cleavage of the N glycosylic bond. Following the addition of [U-14C]adenine, 98% of the 14C isolated from [14C]-2'-deoxycoformycin resided in the aglycon. 2'-Deoxycoformycin biosynthesis may not require the de novo purine biosynthetic pathway as evidenced by the failure to detect incorporation of [U-14C]glycine into 2'-deoxycoformycin. These data suggest that the biosynthesis of 2'-deoxycoformycin involves the incorporation of the carbon-nitrogen skeleton of an intact purine nucleoside or nucleotide, thereby implying that a purine ring is opened enzymatically between C 6 and N-1 and a one-carbon unit is added to form the 1,3-diazepine ring of 2' deoxycoformycin. PMID- 6608959 TI - A study of the role of the asparagine-linked sugar chains of human complement subcomponent C1q in its biological activities. AB - The sialic acid residues were removed from asparagine-linked sugar chains on the C-terminal non-collagenous globular regions of human C1q by sialidase digestion. Both the haemolytic activity and the binding ability to immunoglobulin G (IgG) (Fc-binding ability) of C1q were unimpaired, even after the complete removal of sialic acid from these sugar chains. On the other hand, the rate of disappearance of C1q from the circulation was greatly accelerated by its desialylation, that is, the radioactivity of the infused intact and desialylated C1q was reduced to half for 200 min and for 140 min in the circulation of rats, respectively. A mixture of entire asparagine-linked sugar chains consisting of neutral, monosialyl and disialyl oligosaccharides was isolated from the intact C1q molecule by hydrazinolysis. The oligosaccharide-mixture isolated, after NaBH4 reduction, was added to assay system of C1q, but neither the haemolytic activity nor the Fc-binding ability was influenced. PMID- 6608960 TI - Regulation by sex hormones of serum levels of contrapsin and alpha 1-antiprotease in the mouse. AB - Serum contrapsin and alpha 1-antiprotease levels were higher in males than in females in ten inbred mouse strains tested. The levels of both proteins were diminished by orchiectomy but increased by testosterone administration to females. Estradiol administration to intact females caused a marked elevation in contrapsin level but a decrease in alpha 1-antiprotease level. PMID- 6608962 TI - The effect of high voltage galvanic stimulation on the rate of healing of decubitus ulcers. PMID- 6608961 TI - Measurement of ciliary beat frequency using high-speed video microscopy. PMID- 6608963 TI - Cross-bridge movements during a slow length change of active muscle. AB - Tension changes caused by slow stretch or release of actively contracting muscle are accompanied by axial displacements of myosin heads (i.e., cross-bridges) from the positions characteristic of isometric contraction. The direction of the axial displacement appears to affect the rate of cross-bridge detachment or reattachment during muscle-length changes. PMID- 6608965 TI - Contribution of synthetic polymers of amino acids to knowledge of immune response. PMID- 6608964 TI - Time course of calcium release and removal in skeletal muscle fibers. AB - The transient increase in free myoplasmic calcium concentration due to depolarization of a skeletal muscle fiber is the net result of the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and its simultaneous removal by binding to various sites and by reuptake into the SR. We present a procedure for empirically characterizing the calcium removal processes in voltage-clamped fibers and for using such characterization to determine the time course of SR calcium release during a depolarizing pulse. Our results reveal a decline of the SR calcium release rate during depolarization that was not anticipated from simple inspection of the calcium transients. PMID- 6608966 TI - Most-probable distribution at enzyme depolymerization of polysaccharides. PMID- 6608967 TI - Monoclonal antibodies against plasma protease inhibitors: II. Production and characterization of 25 monoclonal antibodies against human alpha 1-antitrypsin. Correlation between antigenic structure and functional sites. AB - Twenty-five hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies against human alpha 1 antitrypsin have been produced by the cell-fusion technique (Kohler and Milstein, 1976). All antibodies are specific for alpha 1-antitrypsin and carry gamma 1 heavy chains and kappa light chains. Inhibition experiments showed that these monoclonal antibodies define three independent antigenic regions on the alpha 1 antitrypsin molecule; one of these domains appears to be involved in the interaction between alpha 1-antitrypsin and trypsin. In addition, one monoclonal antibody, AATY39, was used to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay capable of detecting low levels of alpha 1-antitrypsin in the range of 1 to 2 ng/ml. PMID- 6608968 TI - Cytogenetic studies on patients with chronic T cell leukemia/lymphoma. AB - Cytogenetic studies were performed on three patients with chronic T cell leukemia and on one patient with T cell lymphoma. One of the patients had leukemic cells derived from a suppressor T cell clone, another expressed OKT3, 4, and 8, and cells of the other two were derived from a helper T cell clone. All patients had an abnormal karyotype in peripheral blood or bone marrow cultured with or without mitogen. Modal chromosome numbers were 42 and 44/45 in one patient each and 47 in the 2 others. The structural and numerical abnormalities involved almost all chromosomes, except no. 19 and the X chromosome. All patients had a rearrangement of the long arm of no. 14, with a break at band 14q11;3 patients also had a break at 14q32. An inversion of 14q occurred in two patients; a tandem translocation involving both no. 14 chromosomes and a translocation between no. 14 and no. 17 each occurred in one patient. The break in 14q at band q11 in our cases resembles the chromosome change reported in ataxia telangiectasia. This provides added support for the proposal that a 14q rearrangement involving band q11-12, with or without an accompanying break in 14q32, may confer a proliferative advantage on lymphocytes, especially on those of T cell origin. PMID- 6608969 TI - The production of granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating activity by isolated human T lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - Isolated human T lymphocyte subpopulations were obtained by fluorescence activated cell sorting using the murine monoclonal antibodies, OKT4 and OKT8. The capabilities of the isolated lymphocytes to produce granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating activity (CSA) in response to mitogen challenge were assessed by in vitro assays employing light density nonadherent bone marrow cells. Essentially, no CSA production was noted by any isolated T lymphocyte population [OKT4 positive (+) or OKT8 positive (+)] cultured alone or following the addition of 10(4) autologous monocytes/ml. When phytohemagglutinin (PHA) alone was added, OKT4+ lymphocytes elaborated small amounts of CSA. With the addition of concanavalin A (Con-A) alone, both OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells were able to produce modest amounts of CSA. Significantly enhanced CSA production was observed when either OKT4+ or OKT8+ lymphocytes were coincubated with autologous monocytes in the presence of mitogen. We conclude that highly purified T lymphocyte subpopulations, free of monocytes as assessed by nonspecific esterase staining, can elaborate small amounts of CSA in response to PHA or Con-A challenge. A synergistic augmentation of CSA production was noted with coincubation of sorted lymphocytes and autologous monocytes in the presence of mitogen. Finally, our results suggest that the ability of T lymphocytes to make CSA is not exclusively limited to either the OKT4+ or OKT8+ defined subsets. PMID- 6608970 TI - Influence of stimulation of auditory and somatosensory systems on the activity of vestibular nuclear neurons in the frog. AB - In the frog, we have recorded extracellularly the activity of vestibular nuclear neurons driven by the horizontal semicircular canals. About 28% of the neurons recorded (n = 300) responded to auditory stimulation (clicks 150/s and pure tones 300-2,000 Hz, about 80 dB above threshold) or to somatosensory stimulation (electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral or contralateral sciatic nerve and vibratory stimulation of the ipsilateral gastrocnemius). Whatever the stimulus, the response was always an increase of the discharge frequency. Such a frequency increase was much more important for somatosensory stimulation (62-145%) than for auditory (20%) and sciatic nerve input was about twice as efficient as gastrocnemius input. Except for type IV units which were only exceptionally recorded, all the other neuronal types (according to Duensing and Schaefer 's classification, 1959) responded to auditory or somatosensory volleys. In particular, activation of type III units, which are partly efferent vestibular neurons ending at the base of the sensory hair cells, may result in a modulation of the peripheral vestibular discharges. The latencies of the responses varied over a wide range (5-40 ms); long latency responses are probably mediated by polysynaptic pathways including the reticular formation and/or the cerebellum, and short latency ones by oligosynaptic pathways. These pathways and the functional meaning of convergence of auditory and somatosensory input onto vestibular nuclei are discussed. PMID- 6608971 TI - The effects of alcohols and diols at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of the neuromuscular junction. AB - A series of straight chain aliphatic alcohols from ethanol to octanol were tested at voltage-clamped frog endplates. In the presence of high concentrations of ethanol (greater than 1 M) the individual current responses to ionophoretic pulses of ethanol were reduced in amplitude and the dose-response curve for acetylcholine was shifted to the right. All the alcohols tested had this effect and their potency increased with the length of the carbon chain. The results were interpreted to indicate that as the molecular weight of the alcohol increased, its potency as a channel blocker also increased. The diol derivative of ethanol, which is ethylene glycol (ethanediol), was totally inactive up to 400 mM. However, 1,3-propanediol was a more potent blocker than propanol. After dose response curves were carried out in high doses of ethanol and propanediol, the number of receptors was found to be permanently reduced. This effect could be due to irreversible denaturation of the receptor and therefore reversible denaturation could account for some of the reversible blocking effects caused by such drugs. An additional effect on the receptor was observed in that low concentrations of ethanol and propanol reduced the apparent dissociation constant for acetylcholine, thus increasing the amplitude of individual responses and shifting the dose-response curve to the left. PMID- 6608972 TI - Corticotropin-releasing factor and angiotensin II: comparison of CNS actions to influence neuroendocrine and cardiovascular function. AB - The cardiovascular and hormonal responses to intracerebroventricular administration of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and angiotensin II (AII) were compared in conscious, freely moving rats. CRF elevated mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR), increased plasma catecholamine levels and had no effect on plasma vasopressin levels. AII increased MAP and decreased HR, had no effect on plasma catecholamine levels and elevated plasma vasopressin levels. Ganglionic blockade with chlorisondamine blocked the cardiovascular effects of CRF but failed to antagonize the pressor response to AII. The vasopressin antagonist, [1-deaminopenicillamine, 2-(0-methyl)tyrosine]-AVP, did not modify CRF-induced cardiovascular changes but greatly attenuated AII's effects on blood pressure. These results suggest that CRF and AII have different central actions on hormonal and cardiovascular systems. PMID- 6608973 TI - The oligosaccharides of human alpha 1-antitrypsin. AB - Oligosaccharides were prepared from alpha 1-antitrypsin (PiM) and human serum transferrin by hydrazinolysis and then reacetylated with radiolabelled acetic anhydride. Gel permeation chromatography revealed similarities between the two preparations. The antitrypsin oligosaccharides were resolved into 76% concanavalin A binding and 24% nonbinding sugar chains by lectin affinity chromatography; both fractions were further resolved by preparative paper electrophoresis. Small amounts of neutral oligosaccharides, as well as approximately 30% "monosialo" and 67% "disialo" biantennary oligosaccharides, were identified in the lectin-binding pool. The disialo oligosaccharide fraction was susceptible to sequential degradation with exoglycosidases. Upon incubation of the monosialo biantennary oligosaccharide fraction with CMP-[14C]sialic acid and a rat liver Golgi preparation as a source of transferase, a new doubly labelled peak was formed that eluted from the gel permeation chromatography column in the same volume as the disialo biantennary oligosaccharide fraction. The paper electrophoretogram of the lectin-nonbinding oligosaccharides revealed the presence of limited amounts of neutral oligosaccharides and oligosaccharides carrying two and three negative charges. The lectin-nonbinding oligosaccharide fraction with two charges was tentatively identified as disialo biantennary oligosaccharide containing a bisecting N-acetylglucosamine residue, and the fraction with three negative charges was tentatively identified as trisialo triantennary oligosaccharide. PMID- 6608974 TI - Improper topical self-administration of ocular medication among patients with glaucoma. AB - Possible sequelae of improper administration of eyedrops include treatment failure, unnecessary use of additional medications and spread of infection. To determine the extent of improper topical self-application of ocular medications, 150 patients with glaucoma who were already using eyedrops were studied. Employing their customary methods of administration 19 (13%) of the patients were unable to place drops in both eyes after one or more attempts, and 120 (80%) of the patients failed to maintain the bottle's sterility during application. No significant relation was found between performance and age, sex, educational level, visual acuity or field, intraocular pressure, length of time the patient had been using eyedrops or, among the 100 clinic patients, whether the patient had received prior instruction in their use. The 50 private practice patients had all received prior instruction, by one physician, whereas only 62% of the clinic patients had, and there had been several instructors at the clinic. Significantly more (p less than 0.05) of the clinic patients than of the private practice patients failed to wash their hands before instilling the drops (97% v. 78%) and were unable to properly instil the drops in both eyes after one or more attempts (18% v. 2%). Therefore, uniform teaching probably improves the ability of patients to topically administer ocular medication. PMID- 6608975 TI - Endophthalmitis and pars plana vitrectomy. AB - A review of all cases of suspected endophthalmitis following cataract extraction seen at one referral hospital between 1979 and 1983 was conducted. Of the 13 cases, 7 were proven by culture to be bacterial endophthalmitis when organisms were grown from aspirates of the aqueous, the vitreous or both. Antibiotic therapy was administered by intravitreal, periocular, topical and systemic routes. In some cases vitrectomy was performed immediately after the diagnostic aspiration or within 24 hours. Poor visual outcome was associated with a long interval between onset of symptoms and admission to hospital, expulsive hemorrhage, retinal detachment or resistance of the microorganism to the intraocularly administered antibiotic. The two eyes that yielded gentamicin resistant Streptococcus viridans and ended up with no light perception demonstrate the need for simultaneous intravitreal injection of two antibiotics. PMID- 6608976 TI - Ocular lesions caused by caterpillar hairs (ophthalmia nodosa). AB - The ocular reactions to caterpillar hairs are diverse in nature and location, ranging from a toxic reaction to the external foreign bodies, keratoconjunctivitis or the formation of conjunctival nodules, to intense iritis, vitritis or papillitis. Four cases are presented in this paper to illustrate the various degrees of ocular involvement. Included are clinical photographs of intravitreal and subretinal hairs. A classification of these reactions is suggested to facilitate the choice of treatment. PMID- 6608977 TI - The slowly exchanging pool of sodium in frog skeletal muscle is confined within a membranous organelle. AB - In the sartorius of the frog (Rana pipiens), it was found that 10-15% of the tissue sodium was not lost in sodium-free lithium-substituted solution, and was not exchanged with radiosodium in normal frog Ringer's solution, after 4 h. This sodium is not detected by an intracellular sodium-selective glass microelectrode. Detergent or freezing and thawing, in sodium-free solution, cause the loss of all but about 2% of the tissue sodium. The ionophore monensin causes a similar loss but does not disrupt cellular membranes. It was concluded that the slowly exchanging sodium exists in solution inside an organelle whose membrane has a low sodium permeability relative to the sarcolemma, and that this organelle probably is the sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 6608978 TI - Defective utilization of sensory input as the basis for bradykinesia, rigidity and decreased movement repertoire in Parkinson's disease: a hypothesis. AB - From a review of the anatomical relationships and single unit activity in the components of the basal ganglia related to limb movement, it is concluded that the major outflow from basal ganglia circuits is via the motor cortex (area 4). Recent results of recording from area 4 neurons revealed that they preferentially "encode" the higher derivatives of movement, i.e. acceleration and jerk. In the parkinsonian (PK) patient and in the monkeys treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), EMG responses to imposed loads show a markedly increased gain of the "M2" component which depends upon the integrity of area 4 and which correlates with the severity of PK rigidity. The above observations are considered, along with those of others (demonstrating prolonged movement times, a decreased "repertoire" of voluntary movements fractionation of voluntary movements, inability in tracking movements without visual input, and failure to improve performance in PK's) in relation to a model of the interactions between sensory input and motor programs. Using this model, it is hypothesized that the above PK movement deficits, as well as rigidity, can be accounted for by abnormal processing of the mechanoreceptor sensory input utilized in the generation and execution of movements. The MPTP treated monkey is suggested as a model in which to directly test the hypothesis. PMID- 6608979 TI - Parkinsonism induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP): implications for treatment and the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. AB - Our experience in treating 7 patients with moderate to severe parkinsonism induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is reviewed. Virtually all of the problems typically encountered with dopamine precursor and agonist therapy in treating Parkinson's disease have been observed during a one and one half year follow-up period, including "end-of-dose" deterioration (or "wearing off"), "peak-dose" dyskinesias, "on-off" phenomena, and psychiatric complications. These have occurred much earlier than is typically seen when treating the idiopathic disease. This rapid evolution of therapeutic side-effects favors the view that at least some of the complications of dopamine precursor therapy may be related to severity of disease rather than the length of levodopa therapy. Finally, we suggest that the occurrence of this full array of therapeutic complications in patients with MPTP-induced parkinsonism furthers the analogy between this syndrome ane Parkinson's disease. PMID- 6608980 TI - The neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine in the monkey and man. AB - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) selectively destroys dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra (A8 and A9 cells). MPTP or its metabolite enters nerve cells at the level of their terminals in the caudate nucleus and putamen leading to a disturbance in axoplasmic flow and retrograde degeneration. The species-dependent neurotoxicity of MPTP (primate vs. rodent) suggests that a biochemical property of the cell related to neuromelanin may be important in the mechanism of cell injury. PMID- 6608981 TI - Cerebral glucose metabolism in Parkinson's disease. AB - Local cerebral glucose utilization was measured in patients with predominantly unilateral Parkinson's disease using 18F-2-fluoro-deoxyglucose and positron emission tomography. Preliminary results indicate the presence of asymmetric metabolic rates in the inferior basal ganglia. The structure comprising the largest portion of basal ganglia at this level is globus pallidus. These findings are consistent with metabolic studies on animals with unilateral nigrostriatal lesions in which pallidal hypermetabolism on the lesioned side has been demonstrated. Increased pallidal activity is likely secondary to a loss of inhibitory dopaminergic input to the striatum from substantia nigra. PMID- 6608982 TI - Central dopaminergic pathways in hemiparkinsonism examined by positron emission tomography. AB - [18F]6-fluoro-L-dopa and positron emission tomography has been used to study intracerebral dopamine distribution in five control subjects and six patients with hemiparkinsonism. In the control subjects striatal, frontal and cingulate accumulations were clearly seen. In addition 18F concentrated in the region of the insula and the parietal lobe. In the patients striatal accumulation 18F was reduced in the contralateral striatum, especially in the putamen. The uniformity of distribution of 18F in the striatum on the side of the parkinsonian signs was also irregular. This finding is consonant with the suggestion that intracerebral compensatory mechanisms prevent the manifestation of intracerebral dopamine deficiency from becoming obvious until a late stage of the disease. PMID- 6608983 TI - Radioimmunoassays for specific human IgG4. PMID- 6608984 TI - The development of sensitive radioimmunoassay to detect IgG4 immunoglobulin. PMID- 6608985 TI - Lymphocyte response to pokeweed mitogen in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - The response of lymphocyte subpopulations to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) was studied in normal volunteers and patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Since unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells from CLL patients consist of a markedly increased proportion of B-lymphocytes and a decreased proportion of T-lymphocytes, enriched fractions of CLL B-cells and CLL T-cells were cultured in 1:1 proportions in autologous and allogeneic combinations with normal B-cell and T-cell-enriched fractions. Cultures containing normal B-cells with either autologous or allogeneic normal T-cells responded well to PWM. CLL T cells were capable of providing a helper function for both proliferation and differentiation of normal B-cells, which was not significantly different from that provided by allogeneic normal T-cells. CLL B-lymphocytes were unresponsive to PWM when cultured in the presence of either autologous CLL T-lymphocytes or allogeneic normal T-lymphocytes. The responsiveness of CLL B-cells was not restored by the addition of normal peripheral blood monocytes to the cultures. These experiments indicate that there is an intrinsic B-cell defect which prevents CLL B-lymphocytes from responding to PWM. PMID- 6608986 TI - Peripheral K-lymphocyte population in head and neck cancer. AB - Peripheral K-lymphocytes in head and neck cancer were measured by assay of plaque forming-cells. In the cancer patients, the percentage (4.37 +/- 0.87%, mean +/- SD, N = 42, P less than 0.01) and absolute counts (68 +/- 28/mm3, P less than 0.01) of K-lymphocytes were significantly lower than those in normal controls (8.04 +/- 1.41%; 175 +/- 53/mm3, N = 29). The untreated group showed decreased K lymphocyte counts (63 +/- 22/mm3, N = 13) as compared with the treated, disease free group (83 +/- 27/mm3, N = 13, P less than 0.05). There were significant correlations between absolute counts of K-lymphocytes and T-cells or B-cells within the untreated group (r = 0.79 in T-cells, P less than 0.01; r = 0.64 in B cells, P less than 0.01). Moreover, absolute counts and percentage of K lymphocytes in the patients having regional lymph node metastasis (58 +/- 25/mm3; 4.14 +/- 0.77%, N = 22) were significantly lower than those in the negative node group (80 +/- 26/mm3, P less than 0.01; 4.63 +/- 0.91%, P less than 0.05; N = 20). In a total of 25 patients with squamous cell carcinoma who were grouped into grade I, II, and III according to classification of the histologic differentiation of the World Health Organization, the absolute counts and percentage of K-lymphocytes in the grade I group (93 +/- 33/mm3; 5.14 +/- 1.08%, N = 7) showed significant increases in comparison to those in the grade II group (62 +/- 19/mm3, P less than 0.02; 4.06 +/- 0.62%, P less than 0.02, N = 14). Moreover, the change of the K-lymphocyte population in the treated, disease-free eight patients revealed a gradual increase of K-lymphocytes. These results led us to suggest that the measurement of peripheral K-lymphocytes is a useful method of characterizing host defense in head and neck cancer. PMID- 6608987 TI - Establishment of a near-tetraploid B-cell lymphoma line with duplication of the 8;14 translocation. AB - The neoplastic cells of a patient with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma were grown in three systems: Soft agar, liquid culture, and by heterotransplantation into the nude mouse. In each case, the growing cells were shown to bear the same immunoglobulin heavy and light chain type as the original neoplastic cells (IgM lambda). In both the liquid culture and nude mouse heterotransplant tumors, karyotypic analysis revealed the presence of pseudodiploid and near-tetraploid metaphases bearing one and two copies of an 8;14 translocation, respectively. From the liquid culture separate clones of pseudodiploid and near-tetraploid cells were isolated in soft agar, and separate cell lines SK-DHL2A and SK-DHL2B were established. Studies comparing the proliferative characteristics of the two lines showed no difference in cell population doubling time or clonigenicity in soft agar. Hence, the presence of two copies of the translocated material did not confer a proliferative advantage on cells containing it. Theses lines may be valuable in future studies of cell proliferation and oncogenesis in the human immune system. PMID- 6608988 TI - Specific adoptive immunotherapy with tumor-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte clone for murine malignant gliomas. AB - The efficacy of glioma-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte for a syngeneic murine malignant glioma (a 20-methylcholanthrene-induced ependymoblastoma, 203-glioma) was investigated. The cytotoxic clone (G-CTLL 1), established and expanded exponentially by T-cell growth factor, has retained target specificity for more than 6 months. In adoptive therapy and Winn assay, the in vivo antitumor activity of G-CTLL 1 was demonstrated against mice inoculated intracranially with 203 glioma cells. The therapeutic effects in adoptive immunotherapy were largely dependent on dose and time of i.v. administration, although the therapy was rather ineffective in condition of increased intracranial pressure due to the tumor growth. The mechanisms responsible for the in vivo protection were probably related to the killing activity of G-CTLL 1 or the tumor-specific production of immune interferon by G-CTLL 1. PMID- 6608989 TI - Lymphokine-activated killer cells: lysis of fresh syngeneic natural killer resistant murine tumor cells by lymphocytes cultured in interleukin 2. AB - Normal splenocytes that are cultured in the lymphokine, interleukin 2 (IL-2), for as short as 2 days develop lytic activity for fresh syngeneic natural killer resistant tumor cells as well as natural killer-sensitive YAC cells in a 4-hr 51Cr release assay. Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells do not lyse syngeneic fresh lymphocytes but do lyse syngeneic concanavalin A-induced lymphocyte blasts. Lysis is not due to the presence of lectin or xenogeneic serum and appears to be an intrinsic property of lymphocytes activated in IL-2. The activation appears universal in that lymphocytes from all strains of mice activated in this manner exhibited similar patterns of lysis for fresh tumor target cells. To characterize the cells responsible for this lysis, we analyzed the phenotypic expression of surface markers on these cells with depletion techniques using monoclonal antibody and complement. These studies indicate that the precursor of the LAK cell is Thy-1+ and nonadherent to plastic or nylon wool. Lysis of syngeneic tumor was inhibited when LAK cells were treated with an anti-Thy-1.2, or anti-Lyt-2.2 monoclonal antibody and complement but not with anti-Lyt-1.2 monoclonal antibody and complement, indicating that the observed lytic activity was due to a Thy-1+ Lyt-1-2+ cell. Furthermore, LAK cell-mediated lysis could be inhibited by the addition of anti-Lyt-2 or LFA-1 monoclonal antibody to cytotoxicity assays. Cold target inhibition analysis revealed that the syngeneic tumor cells were lysed by recognition of a determinant not present on normal lymphocytes or lymphocyte blasts. This lysis of fresh solid tumor cells by lymphoid cells grown in IL-2 may be of value in the study of tumor-host immunological interactions. The biological significance of tumor lysis by IL-2-activated cells requires further study. PMID- 6608990 TI - Phenol-soluble nonhistone chromatin proteins in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - The altered gene expression seen in cancer could relate to differences in nonhistone chromatin proteins between normal and malignant tumor cells. Phenol soluble nonhistone chromatin proteins were isolated from human normal and leukemic (chronic lymphocytic leukemia) B-cells, as well as long-term cultured human B-lymphocyte cell lines. High-resolution two-dimensional electrophoretic maps identified a group of three nuclear proteins with a molecular weight of 45,000 to 50,000 and an isoelectric range of 4.5 to 4.7, which were associated only with the human leukemic B-cells. Leukemic B-cells and cultured B-cell lines also expressed a variant form of nuclear actin and tubulin. PMID- 6608991 TI - Restoration of normal growth control and membrane antigen composition in malignant cells by N,N-dimethylformamide. AB - The effects of the differentiation agent, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), on malignant AKR-MCA cells were studied. The properties of DMF-treated AKR-MCA cells were compared to those of the normal parental AKR-2B mouse embryo fibroblasts. AKR-MCA cells grown in 1% DMF were found to be more similar to their normal counterparts than to untreated AKR-MCA cells by several criteria. These criteria included the loss of the transformed morphology, a 2-fold reduction of doubling time, a 10-fold reduction of saturation density, and the complete loss of the ability to grow with anchorage independence. The expression of high-molecular weight membrane antigens (Mr 110,000 to 450,000), which was found to be greatly reduced in AKR-MCA cells in comparison to normal AKR-2B cells, was restored by treatment of AKR-MCA cells with DMF. The expression of a low-molecular-weight AKR MCA cell-associated membrane antigen, on the other hand was found to be suppressed. Studies on the mitogenic response of these cells indicated that AKR MCA and AKR-2B cells may be regulated by different types of growth control. Growth-arrested AKR-MCA cells did not respond to epidermal growth factor, but responded to nutrient replenishment. AKR-2B cells, on the other hand, responded to epidermal growth factor, but did not respond to nutrient replenishment. Treatment of AKR-MCA cells with DMF restored their ability to respond to epidermal growth factor, while their ability to respond to nutrient replenishment was lost. The results of this study indicated that DMF treatment induced the normalization of malignant AKR-MCA cells with regard to membrane antigen composition and growth control properties. PMID- 6608992 TI - [Drug therapy of rheumatic diseases in the aged]. PMID- 6608993 TI - On the uptake and storage of 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-hydroxytryptophan and catecholamines by adrenal chromaffin cells and nerve endings. AB - Light-microscopic autoradiographs of the adrenal medulla at various intervals after the intravenous injection of [3H] 5-HTP, [3H] 5-HT, [3H] noradrenaline and [3H] adrenaline have been studied. The distribution of silver grains following [3H] 5-HTP uptake was found to be uniform over each of the two main cell populations, adrenaline-storing (A) cells and noradrenaline-storing (NA) cells in the adrenal medulla, but A cells were twice as active as NA cells in incorporating the isotope, a situation very similar to that found after [3H] dopa uptake. 5-HT administration resulted in a pattern resembling the distribution of [3H] noradrenaline uptake, with A cells being 4 or 5 times more active than NA cells and a gradient of activity from the periphery of the medulla inwards. However, the time-course for the loss of radioactivity was not the same for both amines: levels of 5-HT activity were not significantly reduced after one week whereas the degree of [3H] noradrenaline labelling after one week was less than 10% of that at one hour. Thus 5-HT may be bound to sites in the adrenal medulla normally occupied by noradrenaline but it would appear that the release mechanism is different. There was no evidence of 5-HT uptake by adrenal nerve endings. PMID- 6608995 TI - Regulation of human B-cell colony growth. AB - PHA-induced B-cell enriched populations from venous blood of healthy adults developed into B-cell colonies. Analyses of individual colonies revealed that 80 85% of the cells in each colony were surface membrane immunoglobulin positive. Most colonies, 84%, contained surface IgM-bearing cells. Only a few, 16%, were found with surface IgG-bearing cells. Surface IgM- and surface IgG-bearing cells were not observed in the same colony. Thirty-nine percent of the colonies contained cells bearing surface IgD in addition to either surface IgM- or surface IgG-bearing cells. There was no evidence of cytoplasmic immunoglobulin in the colony cells. The development of B-cell colonies was T-cell dependent; it appears that at least two different T-cell subpopulations, one with low density (D = 1.05) and the other with high density (D = 1.08) are responsible for this helper effect. Monocytes were found to inhibit B-cell colony formation; the inhibition was mainly by endogenous prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthetized and released by monocytes. The addition of physiological concentrations of synthetic PGE2 to monocyte-depleted B-cell enriched populations inhibited B-cell colony growth, this paralleled the effect of endogenous PGE2 released by monocytes. Indomethacin (10-5 M) obviated the inhibitory effect of monocytes. PMID- 6608994 TI - Metabolism of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in renal slices from the X-linked hypophosphatemic (Hyp) mouse: abnormal response to fall in serum calcium. AB - The effect of the X-linked Hyp mutation on 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH-D3) metabolism in mouse renal cortical slices was investigated. Vitamin D replete normal mice and Hyp littermates fed the control diet synthesized primarily 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25-(OH)2D3); only minimal synthesis of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) was detected in both genotypes and 1,25 (OH)2D3 formation was not significantly greater in Hyp mice relative to normal littermates, despite hypophosphatemia and hypocalcemia in the mutants. Calcium deficient diet fed to normal mice reduced serum calcium (p less than 0.01), increased renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1-hydroxylase (1-OHase) activity (p less than 0.05), and decreased 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-24-hydroxylase (24-OHase) activity (p less than 0.05). In contrast, Hyp littermates on the calcium-deficient diet had decreased serum calcium (p less than 0.01), without significant changes in the renal metabolism of 25-OH-D3. Both normal and Hyp mice responded to the vitamin D-deficient diet with a fall in serum calcium (p less than 0.01), significantly increased renal 1-OHase, and significantly decreased renal 24-OHase activities. In Hyp mice, the fall in serum calcium on the vitamin D-deficient diet was significantly greater than that observed on the calcium-deficient diet. Therefore the ability of Hyp mice to increase renal 1-OHase activity when fed the vitamin D-deficient diet and their failure to do so on the calcium-deficient diet may be related to the resulting degree of hypocalcemia. The results suggest that although Hyp mice can respond to a disturbance of calcium homeostasis, the in vivo signal for the stimulation of renal 1-OHase activity may be set at a different threshold in the Hyp mouse; i.e. a lower serum calcium concentration is necessary for Hyp mice to initiate increased synthesis of 1,25(-OH)2D3. PMID- 6608996 TI - Proliferation of chicken peripheral blood leukocytes in response to pokeweed mitogen is macrophage dependent. AB - Chicken peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) proliferate in vitro in response to a wide range of pokeweed mitogen (PWM) concentrations. The PWM response was not influenced by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotype nor by the intrinsic responsiveness of the PBL to concanavalin A (Con A). The results indicate that PWM under our conditions stimulates B-lineage cells, although a T cell subset is also clearly induced to division. The PBL from B-cell-depleted animals gave substantially lower responses than those from normal controls. Pokeweed mitogen stimulation of PBL was adherent cell dependent. Thus the low PWM response of adherent cell-depleted PBL was reconstituted by the addition of irradiated unseparated PBL. Furthermore, purified irradiated adherent cells containing greater than 90% macrophages were also able to reconstitute PWM responses. Finally, we have shown that PWM was able to induce large numbers of B cells to produce cytoplasmic immunoglobulin. However, only a minor proportion of such cells were induced to immunoglobulin secretion. PMID- 6608997 TI - Specificity of lithium (Li+) to enhance the production of colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) from mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes in vitro. AB - We report here studies demonstrating the ability of Li+ to increase GM-CSF production from both mitogen-induced spleen and thymus cells prepared as serum free conditioned media (SF-SCCM, SF-TCCM). GM-CSF activity was both a mitogen and Li+ specific mediated event (P less than 0.001-0.001). Identical cultures prepared with either Na, K, Ca, or Mg did not induce GM-CSF activity as compared to Li. No GM-CSF activity was observed in the absence of mitogen. Furthermore, indomethacin (10(-6) M), a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis, produced an even greater enhancement in GM-CSF than control cultures prepared without indomethacin. These data indicate Li may enhance GM-CSF production by inhibiting the ability of PG to decrease GM-CSF production. CFU-Mk colony formation was not significantly influenced by any specific cation-induced mitogen (CM), suggesting Li's ability to stimulate megakaryocytopoiesis may be mediated via a more direct stem cell effect. Furthermore, Li-derived (CM) significantly reduced both CFU-E and BFU-E, while those CMs prepared in the presence of K and Ca significantly increased erythroid colony formation. These effects could be mediated via alterations in the production of BPA. These studies demonstrate the unique capacity of cations to influence the differentiation of committed hematopoietic stem cells possibly by modulating the production of such factors required for hematopoietic differentiation. PMID- 6608998 TI - The effect of vitamin B6 deficiency on cytotoxic immune responses of T cells, antibodies, and natural killer cells, and phagocytosis by macrophages. AB - The effect of vitamin B6 on cytotoxic immune responses of T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, cytotoxic antibody production, and macrophage phagocytosis was assessed in 5-week-old female C57B1/6 mice. Mice were fed 20% casein diets with pyridoxine (PN) added at 7, 1, 0.1, or 0 mg/kg diet, which represents 700, 100, 10, and 0% of requirement, respectively. Compared to mice fed 7 or 1 mg PN diet, animals fed 0 or 0.1 mg PN diet showed significantly reduced primary splenic and peritoneal T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC). Animals fed 0 mg PN diet also showed significantly depressed secondary T CMC of splenic and peritoneal lymphocytes against P815 tumor cells. Complement-dependent antibody-mediated cytotoxicity against P815 cells, phagocytosis of SRBC by macrophages, and native and interferon-induced NK cell activities against YAC cells were not affected by the level of vitamin B6 intake. The percentage of macrophages present in the peritoneal exudate cells was increased in animals fed the 0 mg PN diet. The immune responses were not enhanced or altered by the excess intake of vitamin B6 (7 mg PN). It appears that vitamin B6 is an essential nutrient for maintenance of normal T-cell function in vivo. PMID- 6608999 TI - Hydrocortisone-mediated inhibition of monocyte antigen presentation: dissociation of inhibitory effect and expression of DR antigens. AB - The suppressive effects of hydrocortisone (HC) on the human immune system are well known. The mediation of the immunosuppressive effects of HC on lymphocyte responses via inhibition of monocyte function has been examined by monocyte dependent, antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation. Monocytes that were first treated with HC and then washed were unaffected in their subsequent ability to present antigen. However, there was a dramatic inhibition of lymphocyte proliferative responses if HC was present while monocytes were pulsed with antigen. This was directly related to the dose of HC present. HC-mediated inhibition of monocyte antigen presentation could not be overcome by the addition of interleukin-1 (IL-1) to cultures, and thus inhibition of monocyte IL-1 secretion cannot totally account for the inhibition of monocyte antigen presentation. Although HC inhibits monocyte antigen presentation, HC increases the expression of HLA-DR antigens on monocytes. Other monocyte stimulants, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lymphokine, and gamma interferon, were examined for their effect on monocyte DR expression and their effect on monocyte antigen presentation. No correlation was found between the ability to increase monocyte DR antigen expression and the effect on antigen presentation. While HC, lymphokine, and gamma interferon all increased the expression of DR antigens on monocytes, HC, LPS, and lymphokine, but not gamma interferon, inhibited monocyte antigen presentation. Although HC can exert profound immunosuppressive effects via monocytes, it is not the only mechanism of inhibition. HC added to cultures after monocytes had been pulsed with antigen was also inhibitory. PMID- 6609000 TI - Effects of pertussis toxin (PT) on T-cell populations sensitized for delayed-type hypersensitivity in mice. AB - Effects of pertussis toxin (PT) on sensitized T-cell populations for delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) were examined in mice. DTH was induced by sensitizing mice with ovalbumin (OA) and elicited by injecting OA into the footpad. DTH could be conferred on naive recipient mice by injecting sensitized spleen cells either intravenously into mice or locally into the footpad. When the sensitized mice were given PT at the time of DTH-elicitation, they did not express a high DTH reaction, with the maximum reaction 24 hr after elicitation. When the recipient mice were given PT just before intravenous injection of sensitized spleen cells, DTH was not conferred. In addition, when the sensitized spleen cells were treated with PT in vitro and then transferred intravenously, DTH was not conferred in recipient mice. However, DTH was conferred by local transfer of the sensitized spleen cells even after treatment with PT in vitro. Migration experiments using 51Cr-labeled, sensitized splenic T cells demonstrated that PT treatment of the T cell population inhibited its accumulation in the DTH reaction site 24 hr after intravenous transfer. On the other hand, experiments on in vitro lymphokine production by the sensitized splenic T cells demonstrated that the PT treatment did not inhibit antigen-dependent production of a macrophage activating factor (MAF). These results suggest that PT suppresses the migration of the sensitized T cell population from the circulation of the DTH reaction site but not their MAF production. Based on these findings, possible mechanisms by which PT affects DTH are discussed. PMID- 6609001 TI - The pathogenesis of trehalose dimycolate-induced interstitial pneumonitis. III. Evidence for a role for T lymphocytes. AB - Trehalose dimycolate, a glycolipid component of the cell walls of mycobacteria, induces interstitial pneumonitis and alveolar hemorrhages in C57BL/6 and C57BL/10 mice. Homozygous nude (nu/nu) mice of these backgrounds are not susceptible to this form of pulmonary injury. However, after administration of T-lymphocyte enriched spleen cell preparations from syngeneic donors, homozygous nude mice become susceptible to trehalose dimycolate. The observations suggest that production of pulmonary lesions by this mycobacterial component is dependent on T lymphocytes. While the mechanisms are still under study, we propose that trehalose dimycolate can function as an activator of T lymphocytes and that products of activated T cells are responsible for production of the pulmonary lesions. PMID- 6609002 TI - Derivation from an alloreactive T-cell line of a clone which cross-reacts with a self H2-E-restricted minor alloantigen. AB - An alloreactive T-helper-cell line [(A.TH X Balb/c) anti-A.TL] was shown to recognize both H2-Ek and H2-Ed. Both proliferation and polyclonal B-cell activation (protein A plaques) were used in the analyses of specificity. On cloning, the H2-Ek/Ed cross-reaction was shown by one clonotype. This cross reaction is interpreted in light of the P. Matzinger and M.J. Bevan model (Cell. Immunol. 29, 1, 1977) for antigen recognition by T cells. The antigen recognized was a cell surface non-major histocompatibility (MHC) (minor) alloantigen, shared by the DBA and B10 backgrounds, whose recognition was H2-Ed restricted. This clone is therefore both alloreactive and self-MHC (Ed) restricted minor reactive. Other clones from the cell line were either allospecific or autoreactive. It was shown by antibody blocking that the H2-E alpha (Ia7) determinants involved in the cross-reactive and allospecific recognition were not the same. By antibody blocking it was also shown that the antigenic determinant recognized by the autoreactive clone included H2-Ed. The alloreactive cell line therefore contained three H2-E-reactive clonotypes: allo-Ek specific, H2-Ek and DBA/B10 minor plus H2 Ed cross-reactive, and Ed-associated autoreactive. PMID- 6609004 TI - [Disseminated histiocytosis X]. AB - Three cases of 4-year-, 16-month- and 8-month-old children suffering from a disseminated form of histiocytosis X showed overlapping of Hand-Schuller Christian syndrome and Letterer-Siwe syndrome in clinical picture, biopsy and autopsy. Morphological lesion does not develop simultaneously in all the organs. Some of them tend to steatosis and fibrosis of histiocytosis infiltrations, which the others do not. PMID- 6609003 TI - The pathway of lectin-mediated lymphocytotoxicity by Con A-coupled Sepharose beads. AB - Soluble concanavalin A (Con A) can effectively mediate nonspecific target cell lysis by cytolytic T lymphocytes (LDCC). Because Con A bound to Sepharose beads (Con A-Seph) is also effective, it has been concluded by Z. K. Ballas, W. R. Green, and C. S. Henney. (Cell. Immunol. 59, 411, 1981) that Con A-mediated "activation" of the cytolytic cell to kill in LDCC can occur without intracellular penetration of the lectin. No preincubation of either effector or target cells with Con A-Seph has been performed. Exploiting the previous finding of G. Berke (Immunol. Rev. 72, 5, 1983) that in LDCC Con A exerts its effect(s) strictly by affecting the target rather than by bridging effector and target cells and activating the effector, identical results with Con A-Seph are shown. Preincubation of Con A-Seph with the target but not with the effector cells results in substantial killing. Moreover it is shown that the ability of Con A Seph to mediate LDCC can be attributed to free Con A dissociating from the beads (about 1%) during the assay. Evidence is presented to indicate that the dissociated Con A, not unlike free Con A, reacts with the target cells, thereby rendering them recognizable by the effector cells. It is concluded that the activity of Con A-Seph may not be taken as evidence for Con A-mediated activation of the cytolytic cell, as suggested by Ballas et al., and that the putative Con A mediated lymphocyte activation relevant to killing still remains to be demonstrated. Evidence contradicting Con A-mediated activation of the effector and supporting the target cell modification theory has been discussed by G. Berke, V. Hu, E. McVey, and W. R. Clark (J. Immunol. 127, 776, 1981). PMID- 6609005 TI - [Focal cerebral ischemia. III. Reactivity of the vestibular apparatus in relation to the site of the ischemic lesion]. PMID- 6609007 TI - The 1980 earthquake in southern Italy: rescue of trapped victims and mortality. AB - A retrospective survey was undertaken on the health effects of the 1980 earthquake in southern Italy. The study population included 3619 people living in 7 villages situated near the epicentre of the disaster. The overall casualty rate (dead and injured) was 19.7%. Nearly all the deaths (192/202) occurred among trapped people who died before they could be rescued. Eighty per cent of all the trapped people were extricated within 2 days, mostly without the use of sophisticated means. The probability of survival decreased sharply, the longer the time before extrication. The crude mortality during the 18 months following the earthquake was 19.0 per thousand among the injured people who received treatment, and 14.1 per thousand among non-injured people. After age standardization, there was no significant difference between these two figures and the expected mortality figures for the Italian population in normal times (14.4 per thousand). These results stress the importance of providing rescue activities in the first 48 hours after the impact. Strengthening the self reliance of the community in disaster preparedness is suggested as the best way to improve the effectiveness of relief operations. In disaster-prone areas, training and education in methods of rescue should be an integral part of any primary health care programme. PMID- 6609006 TI - Chronic administration of an organophosphorus insecticide to rats alters cholinergic muscarinic receptors in the pancreas. AB - Male rats were treated for 10 days with the organophosphorus insecticide, acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, O,O-diethyl S-[2-(ethylthio)ethyl] phosphorodithioate (disulfoton, 2 mg/kg/day by gavage). At the end of the treatment, binding of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ( [3H]QNB) to cholinergic muscarinic receptors and cholinesterase (ChE) activity were assayed in the pancreas. Functional activity of pancreatic muscarinic receptor was investigated by determining carbachol-stimulated secretion of alpha-amylase in vitro. ChE activity and [3H]QNB binding were significantly decreased in the pancreas from disulfoton-treated rats. The alteration of [3H]QNB binding was due to a decrease in muscarinic receptor density with no change in the affinity. Basal secretion of amylase from pancreas in vitro was not altered, but carbachol-stimulated secretion was decreased. The effect appeared to be specific since pancreozymin was able to induce the same amylase release from pancreases of control and treated rats. The results suggest that repeated exposures to sublethal doses of an organophosphorus insecticide lead to a biochemical and functional alteration of cholinergic muscarinic receptors in the pancreas. PMID- 6609008 TI - The management of snake bite. AB - The present article reviews current knowledge on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of snake bite, with particular reference to the situation in developing countries. There is little reliable information on the incidence of snake bite in many parts of the world, and epidemiological studies are needed, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to identify and quantify serum levels of venom antigen and antibody. The pathophysiology and clinical features of envenoming by medically important snakes are discussed. Antivenom, if used correctly, can reverse systemic poisoning even if given days after the bite. It is therefore wise to wait for the appearance of signs of systemic poisoning before administering antivenom, rather than using it routinely. WHO has designated the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine as a Collaborating Centre for the Control of Antivenoms, and this Centre now holds a collection of reference venoms from several important snake species. Characterization of these and of standard antivenoms should significantly improve the management of snake bite throughout the world. PMID- 6609009 TI - Quality control of biologicals produced by recombinant DNA techniques. WHO consultation. AB - The efforts now being made in the pharmaceutical industry to apply recombinant DNA techniques to the large-scale production of medically useful biologicals require that procedures be developed for the standardization and control of these products. These procedures will need to test the identity, purity, and stability of the plasmid, the reliability of the procedure used in the preparation of the seed clone of bacteria, and all intermediate and final products. In many cases, new techniques will have to be developed for this testing. Some of the factors will be safeguarded by inprocess control, but great reliance will be placed on tests of the final product. The present article outlines the tests that would be appropriate for the control of the safety and efficacy of recombinant DNA products; it is aimed mainly at scientists and administrators in countries not involved in the production of such biologicals, to inform them of the problems involved in their control. PMID- 6609010 TI - Immune responses to viral antigens in man and their relevance to vaccine development: memorandum from a WHO meeting. AB - A meeting of an informal working group on immune responses to viral antigens was convened in Amsterdam on 15-18 November 1982 to discuss recent developments in this field and to formulate proposals for international collaborative studies relevant to the needs of the WHO Programme on Vaccine Development. The meeting concluded that the time was ripe for collaborative studies on a wide range of aspects of the immune responses to viral antigens in man. Areas for collaborative effort were defined. These included (a) the role of virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in virus clearance following infection, (b) correlation of changes in natural killer cells and virus replication, virus virulence, and induction of cytotoxic T lymphocyte, (c) induction of interferons and other mediators of immune responses, and (d) role of individual viral antigens in immune responses. This Memorandum summarizes the discussions and recommendations of the group. PMID- 6609011 TI - Development of simple standard assay procedures for the characterization of snake venom. AB - In accordance with the recommendations of the report of a WHO Coordination Meeting on Venoms and Antivenoms, methods have been developed for the assessment of lethal, defibrinogenating, procoagulant, haemorrhagic, and necrotizing properties of venoms, and used to study 53 venoms from 30 different species of snakes of medical importance throughout the world. The venoms studied included Echis carinatus (Iran), Naja naja kaouthia (Thailand), Notechis scutatus (Australia), Trimeresurus flavoviridis (Japan), Vipera russelli (Thailand), and Crotalus atrox (USA), which comprise six of the eight venoms designated by WHO as international reference venoms (IRVs). (C. atrox venom replaced C. adamanteus venom, as an adequate supply of the latter was not available.) The tests used were simple and should be reproducible in other laboratories throughout the world. Procedures for assaying neuromuscular paralytic activity and systemic myotoxic activity have yet to be developed.The tests will be used to assay the neutralizing potency of both international standard antivenoms (raised using the IRVs) and new and currently available commercial antivenoms. Such studies should result in the production of more potent antivenoms for use in both developing and developed countries, and improve the understanding and management of snake bite throughout the world. PMID- 6609012 TI - Haemoglobin measurement: the reliability of some simple techniques for use in a primary health care setting. AB - The reliability of five simple techniques for the estimation of blood haemoglobin levels was studied under laboratory conditions. The methods tested were the Sahli technique, the Tallqvist method, and the Lovibond comparator with undiluted blood, blood diluted in Drabkin solution, and blood diluted in modified Drabkin solution. The Lovibond comparator technique using undiluted blood was satisfactory in terms of precision and accuracy, and seems suitable for the monitoring of individual patients and for screening for anaemia. The other techniques were less reliable.A detailed procedure was worked out for estimation of the number of screening errors that can be expected with each of these techniques in any epidemiological situation. PMID- 6609013 TI - Interventions for the control of diarrhoeal diseases among young children: supplementary feeding programmes. PMID- 6609014 TI - Prevalence of arbovirus antibodies in sera of animals in Sri Lanka. AB - The sera of cattle, goats, dogs and crows from the Colombo area were tested for antibodies against seven arboviruses of the families Togaviridae and Bunyaviridae by a plaque-reduction neutralization microtest, using Vero cells and a stable line of pig kidney (PS) cells. The overall percentages of positive sera among the mammals were: Bhanja, 92.5%; Calovo (Batai), 30.6%; Sindbis, 13.8%; Langat, 4.8%; Tahyna, 3.9%; West Nile, 1.6%. Among the birds, 23.8% had antibodies to Bhanja virus and 9.5% to Sindbis. No antibodies against tick-borne encephalitis virus were found. The results show that at least two members of the Bunyaviridae family (Bhanja and Calovo) are highly endemic in Colombo. PMID- 6609015 TI - An epidemiological early warning system for malaria control in northern Thailand. AB - Parasitological data for the years 1973-81 were examined to determine the years of "acceptable" or "normal" transmission of malaria, for every district of northern Thailand. The monthly mean number of cases and the mean plus 2 standard deviations (SD) were calculated for the selected years and plotted on log-linear graph paper. The resulting graphs were distributed to the Malaria Sector Offices. Sector Chiefs were then responsible for plotting the monthly observed number of cases of malaria as the data became available; if the observed incidence was more than 2 SD greater than the "normal" mean for that month, the Zone and Regional Malaria Offices were informed. Retrospective analysis of data from districts where malaria outbreaks had occurred indicated that the method provides an effective warning of impending epidemics. It is expected that the resulting earlier implementation of appropriate remedial control measures will lead to a reduction in malaria incidence in the region. PMID- 6609016 TI - An evaluation of methods of screening for anaemia. AB - Screening methods for anaemia were selected for testing on the grounds of cheapness, simplicity, sturdiness, accuracy and independence of mains electricity or batteries. The methods evaluated were the copper sulfate method, the Dare haemoglobinometer, the Lovibond comparator, the A. O. Spencer haemoglobinometer, and the Tallqvist method. A new device, the Carib haemoglobin comparator, was developed. The Dare and Lovibond instruments were found to be inaccurate in the laboratory. The other instruments were tested by primary health care workers in clinics in Jamaica. The Carib haemoglobin comparator and the copper sulfate method were found to be accurate, easy to use, and cheap. Both methods are considered to be useful for screening for anaemia at primary health care level. PMID- 6609017 TI - International collaborative study on juvenile hypertension. 2. First follow-up report. International Collaborative Group. AB - From 17 634 children born in 1964 and screened in 1977 two sample groups were selected: 10% of children from the upper 5% of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure distribution curves (95th percentile and above) were taken to form an "upper" group, and 10% from the remainder as a "lower" group. These children were re-examined in 1978. There was an 89% response rate (3640 children), with no difference in this rate between sexes or between the two groups. Data from the parents' responses to a questionnaire on themselves and the children were compared for differences between the two groups.The parents' ages, smoking habits and marital status, and the children's order of birth, number of siblings, and proportion of twins did not differ significantly between the upper and lower groups.The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes among the children, and the prevalence of hypertension, stroke and diabetes in the medical history of the parents were significantly higher in the upper than in the lower group. Signs of left ventricular hypertrophy and symptoms of a hyperkinetic heart syndrome (based on heart rate, innocent systolic murmurs, the magnitude of R and S waves on the ECG, and mean values of cardiothoracic and heart volume indices) occurred more frequently in the upper than in the lower group.Children in the upper group were sexually more developed, taller, more obese (higher Quetelet's index and skinfold thickness), and less active physically.Average values of blood sugar and serum uric acid were also higher in the upper than in the lower group. No significant difference was found between the two groups in the proportion of smokers among the children or in mean cholesterol values.These differences between the upper and lower groups were strengthened by the comparison of children who showed repeatedly a low arterial pressure below the 30th percentile of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure distribution curves. PMID- 6609018 TI - Cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus in Fiji: analysis of mortality, morbidity and risk factors. AB - Mortality and hospital admissions due to cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus have been increasing in Fiji steadily over the past 20 years. These diseases were present more frequently in the Indian than the Melanesian population of Fiji, but recently the steepest rise in prevalence rates occurred among the Melanesian population. The underlying conditions that contributed most to increasing mortality and morbidity were hypertension and diabetes mellitus. In 1978, the proportional mortality from diabetes mellitus was 6.0% (9.0% in persons aged >/= 40 years), and that from cardiovascular diseases was 30.3% (39% in those aged >/= 40 years). Ischaemic heart disease was the main cause of mortality and morbidity among the Indian population. This analysis of mortality and morbidity data is supported by the findings of a population survey, which showed that the prevalence rates of diabetes and hypertension in 1980 among urban Melanesians were similar to those among Indians. Urbanization and a modern life-style seem to play an important role in determining the disease pattern in Fiji, which is following the patterns in many industrial countries. PMID- 6609020 TI - A programme for controlling acute respiratory infections in children: Memorandum from a WHO meeting. AB - The unacceptably high mortality related to acute respiratory infections (ARI) in children, recognition of the importance of bacteria in the causation of severe acute lower respiratory infection in developing countries, and the established effectiveness of antimicrobial and supportive treatment in averting death make a strong case for the initiation of an ARI control programme. This should be spearheaded by prototype ARI service activities, delivered through primary health care and backed up by well-coordinated health systems research. PMID- 6609019 TI - The impact of oedema on anthropometric measurements in nutritional surveys: a case study from Zaire. AB - Six surveys for protein-energy malnutrition were carried out in sequence in Bas Zaire beginning at the end of 1978 at the estimated height of the famine and continuing throughout the recovery period. Utilizing a stratified multi-stage sampling technique, over 1000 children aged 6 months to 6 years were measured anthropometrically and examined for the presence or absence of bilateral pedal oedema in each survey. The proportions of children who were less than 80% of the reference median weight-for-height and who had oedema decreased, respectively, from 12.8% and 14.4% initially to 2.1% and 1.8% in the final survey. The proportion of oedematous children who were found to be not less than 80% of the reference median weight-for-height was high, varying from 71.7 +/- 7.0% to 94.4 +/- 10.6%. The importance of these findings for the interpretation of anthropometric data from nutritional surveys in developing countries is discussed. PMID- 6609022 TI - The paralytic poliomyelitis epidemic of 1978 in Jordan: epidemiological implications. AB - Poliomyelitis is endemic in Jordan, but until 1978 there were no epidemics. In that year, 66 children were admitted to the Jordan University Hospital with a paralytic illness, compared with 13 in 1979 and 11 in 1980. The epidemic reached a peak in the summer and fall of 1978. While 54% of the patients had not received any vaccine, 19% had received 3 doses of oral poliovaccine; 82% of the cases were in children less than 2 years of age, and all belonged to the lower socioeconomic group. There were 28 deaths with complications of the disease.Poliovirus was isolated from 10 out of 14 rectal swab samples examined (9 with poliovirus 1, 1 with poliovirus 2), and from 4 out of 13 throat specimens from the same patients. It is concluded that as a result of improving living standards in Jordan and neighbouring countries, more epidemics may occur unless immunization efforts against poliomyelitis are intensified. PMID- 6609021 TI - Results of a two-year study of humoral immunity to influenza A and B viruses in children under the age of 14 years in Moscow and its suburbs. AB - A serological survey of antibodies to influenza A(H1N1), A(H2N2), A(H3N2) and B viruses was done with sera collected in Moscow in October 1980 and November 1981 from 542 children under 14 years of age. The results of the study showed convincingly that influenza A(H2N2) viruses were not circulating in Moscow in 1980-81. Low titres found in the sera from four young children were due to cross reactions which were eliminated from the sera by absorption with A/USSR/174/79(H3N2) virus. Low-level HI titres with A(H0N1) virus in 11 sera were not confirmed by single radial haemolysis (SRH).Serological data showed that A(H3N2) viruses were the main cause of acute respiratory disease in children in July-September 1980 and July-September 1981. These illnesses occurred at the end of the influenza A(H3N2) epidemic of 1979-80 in the third quarter of 1980. The influenza A(H3N2) virus circulated in Moscow during December 1981 and January 1982, but influenza did not reach epidemic levels. A low proportion (10%) of children with antibodies to influenza B virus at titres of 1:40 or higher in 1980 indicated the possibility of an epidemic due to this virus in Moscow in 1980-81. Such an epidemic did occur in December 1980 and January 1981. PMID- 6609023 TI - Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum: the case for prophylaxis in tropical Africa. PMID- 6609024 TI - Rabies in the Federal Republic of Germany, 1950-81: the influence of landscape. AB - Rabies statistics for 1950-81 were studied to investigate regional differences in the occurrence of rabies in the Federal Republic of Germany. At the level of Landkreis (administrative unit with a mean area of 1013 km(2)), four basic patterns of rabies incidence were identified: insignificant occurrence, low undulations, intermittent peaks, and high oscillations. The distribution of these four epidemiological patterns of rabies was geographically localized. Insignificant occurrence of rabies was found almost exclusively on land under 100 m above sea level with less than 10% forest cover. High oscillations in rabies occurrence were found most often in areas over 200 m above sea level with an average of at least 35% forest cover. PMID- 6609025 TI - Values of the U.S. National Reference Serum for human antibodies to native DNA obtained with commercial immunoassays for anti-DNA in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The Arthritis Foundation and the Centers for Disease Control have recently prepared a "U.S. National Reference Serum" for human antibodies to native DNA. We tested this serum with 13 commercial assays for antibodies to native DNA, to permit comparisons of the values obtained in each test. Titers ranged from 10 to 2560 in Crithidia luciliae immunofluorescence assays. The serum produced 794 int. units/mL in the Cordis ELISA assay, 136 Amersham units/mL in a radioimmunoassay, and 88 FIAX units in a fluorometric immunoassay. These results can be used for interlaboratory comparisons of differing methodologies for measuring anti-DNA. PMID- 6609026 TI - Rapid diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - This manuscript describes methods for the quantitation of serum concentrations of 17-hydroxyprogesterone and 11-deoxycortisol (Compound S) employing reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultraviolet (UV) absorbance which are applicable to the diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to deficiencies of 21- and 11-hydroxylase activities, respectively. These methods are simple, specific, precise and rapid. Data obtained by the HPLC-UV methods are highly correlated (p less than 0.001) with radioimmunoassay measurements. PMID- 6609027 TI - Kinetics of human pancreatic and salivary alpha-amylases with carboxymethylamyloses as substrates. AB - The enzymatic measurement of alpha-amylase in human serum with chemically modified amylose as substrate was studied. Several substitutions of carboxymethylamylose were prepared from amylose, suitable amounts of monochloroacetic acid, and sodium hydroxide. The relationship between the degree of substitution of the carboxymethylamylose and the kinetic parameters of human pancreatic, salivary and porcine pancreatic alpha-amylases was determined. The action of alpha-amylases on such modified amyloses in the presence of glucoamylase was measured by a specific enzymatic assay having glucose as the product. The kinetic parameters of human pancreatic alpha-amylase were similar to those of human salivary alpha-amylase. It was possible to determine suitable sensitivities for the alpha-amylase assay using this substrate. These results suggested a subsite model. PMID- 6609028 TI - Oral contraceptive agents do not affect serum prolactin in normal women. AB - A total of 230 healthy women attending family planning clinics took part in a cross-sectional study, comparing contraceptive histories and serum prolactin levels. It was found that the distribution histogram of serum prolactin was markedly skewed to the right in all main groups, but that the distribution profile was not affected by use of oestrogen-containing contraceptives. Neither the dose of oestrogens nor duration of their use affected prolactin levels. We have thus found that currently available combined oral contraceptive agents have no effect on serum prolactin. Analysis of the skewed raw data yields a 'normal' range of 110-700 mU/l, higher than that usually accepted. PMID- 6609030 TI - Interleukin-2 production and response to exogenous interleukin-2 in a patient with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). AB - The ability of lymphocytes from a patient suffering from the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) to produce interleukin-2 (IL-2) was found to be comparable to that of his healthy sex partner and to that of a normal control. Addition of exogenous IL-2 to lymphocyte cultures did not improve the poor mitogen response to phytohaemagglutinin in this patient. Our data suggest that the underlying defect in this AIDS patient is due to an IL-2 receptor defect. PMID- 6609029 TI - Ultra violet radiation-induced defects in accessory cell function in the human proliferative response to tetanus. AB - Ultraviolet B radiation (290-320 nm) has been shown to interfere with accessory cell function of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the generation of a proliferative response to tetanus. By altering the timing of irradiation of adherent cells and using short pulses of antigen, we have identified a minimum of two u.v. sensitive accessory cell functions. The first involves antigen presentation and is not readily reversible with time in culture after irradiation. The second is demonstrated by the ability of low doses of u.v. radiation given after the tetanus toxoid pulse to inhibit an event(s) occurring independent of antigen processing. Both occur within a range of doses which would penetrate to the vasculature of the skin of humans exposed to the sun or to phototherapy. PMID- 6609031 TI - Subclasses of IgG on the surface of human lymphocytes: a study with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Cells from sIgG+ B lymphoblastoid cell lines, sIgG+ B cell neoplasms and from tonsils, adult and cord blood and fetal spleen were tested for IgG subclass expression using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. IgG1 was in all cases the commonest subclass except on blood lymphocytes, when approximately equal numbers of cells expressing IgG1 and IgG2 were found. No evidence for multiple subclass isotype expression was found. PMID- 6609032 TI - Effect of DNA size and strandedness on the in vivo clearance and organ localization of DNA. AB - DNA-anti-DNA immune complexes play a major role in the pathogenesis of SLE. Evidence suggests that the DNA contained within these complexes, as well as free circulating DNA, is of small molecular weight and predominantly double stranded. Previous studies have shown that large DNA is cleared from circulation rapidly and efficiently. To examine if variations in the configuration of DNA itself affected its ability to persist in the circulation, we studied the clearance and organ uptake of single stranded DNA(ssDNA) and double stranded DNA(dsDNA) of different sizes in normal mice. Clearance of DNA from the circulation was described by two exponential components. The first component represented organ uptake, and was much more rapid for ssDNA than for dsDNA. The second component represented the excretion of breakdown products from the total body pool, and was the same for all DNA preparations. Regardless of its initial size, DNA larger than 15 bases did not persist in the circulation longer than 20 min for ssDNA, and longer than 40 min for dsDNA. Organ distribution studies showed that ssDNA was removed by the liver, but that dsDNA bound poorly to the liver and was distributed like oligonucleotide breakdown products. Our results suggest that dsDNA and ssDNA are removed from the circulation by different mechanisms. Although dsDNA remains in the circulation slightly longer than ssDNA, all DNA, regardless of its size or strandedness, is cleared from the circulation and broken down rapidly and efficiently. PMID- 6609033 TI - Disorders of regulatory T cell function in patients with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. AB - Three patients with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome were studied. One of them had no past history of relevant infections. The other two presented different degrees of humoral and cellular immunodeficiency and their T cells in vitro showed a defect in regulatory activity of Ig production in PWM stimulated cultures. This defect was not observed in the third patient. All three had normal numbers of B cells, producing normal amounts of Ig in vitro when co-cultured with normal T cells. It is suggested that the immunoregulatory T cell abnormality might play an important role in the pathogenesis of the humoral immunodeficiency. PMID- 6609034 TI - Immunological analysis in familial common variable immunodeficiency. AB - Immunological and genetic studies were performed in nine members from three generations of the family of a patient with common variable immunodeficiency (CVI). Two additional symptomatic members (mother and grandmother) had CVI. Among other six asymptomatic members, two had CVI and one had selective IgA deficiency. The proportions of monoclonal antibody defined total T cells (Leu 1+), helper phenotype (Leu 3+) suppressor phenotype (Leu 2+) T cells, natural killer cells (Leu 7+) and surface Ig+ B cells and proliferative response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) were comparable to controls. Addition of purified interleukin-2 (IL-2) resulted in augmentation of PHA-induced proliferation of T lymphocytes similar to that seen in the controls, however with IL-2 freshly isolated T cells in the absence of PHA demonstrated markedly increased proliferative response, suggesting the presence of in vivo activated T cells. Study of HLA phenotype did not reveal any linkage. This study demonstrates the genetic nature, possibly autosomal dominant inheritance, of common variable immunodeficiency; however the immunodeficiency is not linked to any specific HLA antigen. PMID- 6609035 TI - In vitro hyporeactivity to alpha-interferon in children with severe combined immunodeficiency disease. AB - Interferon (IFN) treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from seven children with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) failed, with one exception, to induce the IFN-dependent enzyme, 2-5A synthetase or enhance natural killer cell activity. In one patient this hyporeactivity was demonstrated in both T cell enriched and T cell depleted lymphocyte preparations. These results may reflect the absence of an IFN reactive lymphocyte subpopulation or of the IFN receptor. This defect in SCID patients may be partly responsible for their increased susceptibility to viral infections and may contribute to the regulatory imbalances in T lymphocyte subpopulations. PMID- 6609036 TI - An animal model of alloimmune thrombocytopenia. I. The role of the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS). AB - To understand better the role of the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) in accelerated destruction of donor platelets in man following repeated platelet transfusions, an experimental model has been developed using genetically defined animals. Brown Norway rats were immunized with Lewis platelets. Antibodies were detected by immunofluorescence microscopy, and their effects demonstrated by 111In-labeled platelet clearances in vivo and by measurements of organ radioactivity in sacrificed animals. All immunized rats developed platelet alloantibodies and showed a significant decrease (P less than 0.001) in donor platelet survival with sequestration in both the liver and spleen. Liver to spleen radioactivity ratios in nonimmunized animals were less than 0.1, whereas immunized animals had a ratio between 0.6 and 1.0, indicating relatively greater hepatic clearance of allogenic platelets. Studies currently in progress on the administration of vinca alkaloids to immunized animals suggest that the MPS can be impaired from clearing allogenic platelets. This model, therefore, should be helpful in studying the role of the MPS in platelet destruction. PMID- 6609037 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - A discrepancy between E-rosette-forming cells and total T cells identified by monoclonal antibodies (Leu-1+) was observed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). E-Rosette-forming cell percentages of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) were significantly lower than those observed in normal individuals, in contrast to the percentage of Leu-1+ cells in SLE patients which were not different from those of normal values. The cells which did not form E rosettes, but stained positively with the monoclonal anti-Leu-1 antibody (E-, Leu 1+) had certain functional capability evidenced by their ability to amount a proliferative response to T-cell mitogens, phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A, but failed to provide T-helper-cell activity to support the differentiation of normal B lymphocytes into immunoglobulin-secreting cells following stimulation with pokeweed mitogen. Inhibition of E-rosette formation, but not of the staining for Leu-1, was demonstrated by incubating sera from SLE patients with normal MNC. These studies suggest that the T-cell markers, E+ and Leu-1+, do not necessarily characterize identical subpopulations of T cells. When referring to E- cells in studies with MNC from SLE patients, it should be realized that this population includes, in addition to B cells and macrophages, cells staining positively for Leu-1 antigen and reactive to T-cell mitogens. PMID- 6609038 TI - Immune capacity of the chicken bursectomized at 60 hr of incubation: effect of adherent cells on the production of immunoglobulins and specific antibodies in vitro. AB - Cells from chickens bursectomized at 60 hr of incubation (Bx) and normal controls (Co) were assessed for the ability to secrete immunoglobulins and specific antibodies in vitro. Anti-tetanus antibodies were observed in the culture supernatants of cells from tetanus-immunized Co chickens. Cells from immunized Bx and nonimmunized Co chickens did not secrete specific antibodies. Cells of both Bx and Co chickens secreted similar amounts of immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgA). Antigenic stimulation in vitro had no effect on the secretion of specific antibodies or on cell proliferation; this applies for Bx and Co chickens. To test whether antigenic stimulation in vitro together with adherent cells would induce antibody production in Bx cells, cocultures of peripheral blood adherent cells and lymphocytes from spleen or peripheral blood were used. Culture of lymphocytes with histocompatible and allogeneic adherent cells, with or without antigenic stimulation, did not enhance secretion of anti-tetanus antibodies from cells of Bx chickens. The adherent cells increased the secretion of total immunoglobulins, of all classes, by both Co and Bx cells alike. They also enhanced the secretion of specific antibodies by Co cells. These findings indicate that the functional failure of Bx lymphoid cells cannot be corrected by better antigenic presentation. PMID- 6609040 TI - The role of RNP, Sm, and SS-A/Ro-specific antisera from patients with lupus erythematosus in inducing antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of targets coated with nonhistone nuclear antigens. AB - To better understand potential antibody-dependent mechanisms of tissue damage in lupus erythematosus (LE), an examination of whether antibodies to nonhistone nuclear antigens in LE patients' sera can induce ADCC of cellular targets coated with the corresponding antigens was undertaken. With high titer anti-RNP sera, significant ADCC was seen with monocyte (P less than 0.01), T-lymphocyte (P less than 0.001), and low-density lymphocyte (P less than 0.001) effectors. Using monocyte effectors, significant ADCC was seen with anti-RNP (P less than 0.01), anti-Sm (P less than 0.01), and anti-SSA/Ro (P less than 0.01), with the most profound lysis being with the anti-SSA/Ro sera. Neutrophils were ineffective in any nuclear antigen-antibody system tested. The effective mononuclear cell mediated ADCC seen with anti-RNP, anti-Sm, and anti-SSA antisera may be related to the mononuclear cell-associated tissue change seen in cutaneous lupus lesions. PMID- 6609039 TI - One subset of patients with retinitis pigmentosa has immunologic defects. AB - Immunological evaluation of 20 patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) revealed significantly diminished circulating T-lymphocyte numbers and function and a high frequency of serum antibodies to human IgG in comparison with a healthy matched control population. However, these differences were due to severely abnormal results found in one subpopulation within the total patient group; this dichotomy was unrelated to the mode of inheritance or clinical severity of RP in individual patients. Thus, RP appears to be a syndrome rather than a disease and includes a form characterized by defective immunity. Whether this is involved in the pathogenesis of the retinal degenerative process is conjectural. PMID- 6609041 TI - Quantitation of serum suppressor factor, related to the erythrocyte receptor of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes as measured by radioimmunoassay. AB - A solid phase radioimmunoassay for a serum suppressor factor has been developed. The factor was previously purified from malignant ascites fluids and shown to be related to the sheep erythrocyte receptor of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes. This humoral suppressor factor has been termed suppressive E receptor factor. Using this assay, it was demonstrated that both ascites fluids and sera derived from patients with solid tumors contain elevated levels of this factor compared to similar specimens from patients with a variety of nonmalignant diseases. The concentration of this SER factor does not correlate with serum immunoglobulin G levels but it does correlate with the ability of sera from individual patients to inhibit phytohemagglutinin-induced DNA synthesis by normal human peripheral blood T lymphocytes. Kinetically, this suppressive E-receptor factor directly competes with monoclonal antibody directed to the sheep erythrocyte receptor of human peripheral T lymphocytes and exhibits noncompetitive-type inhibition of DNA synthesis induced by phytohemagglutinin. PMID- 6609042 TI - Bleeding from intrahepatic lesion. PMID- 6609043 TI - Computed tomography of the heart: initial experience. AB - Computed tomography (CT) provides non-invasive diagnosis of cardiac lesions by direct demonstration of the myocardium and the individual cavities of the heart. The potential role of CT scanning in the detection and quantitation of acute myocardial infarction has been previously investigated in experimental animals. Initial experience in assessing 10 patients admitted with recent infarction on biochemical and electrocardiographic evidence is reported. Intravenous infusion of iodinated contrast agents produced contrast enhancement either of the rim or diffusely through the myocardium in the area of infarct, as sited electrocardiographically. Patients with coronary artery bypass grafts and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have also been studied by this method. Cardiac CT with intravenous administration of contrast may have an important role in the future in assessment and follow-up of ischaemic heart disease. PMID- 6609044 TI - Prevalence, incidence and course of eczema on the hands and forearms in a sample of the general population. AB - In 1979, the inhabitants of a geographically defined area were examined for skin disorders of the hands and forearms. In 1982 this cohort was invited for re examination. In persons with eczema, patch testing was performed. Irritant factors were found to play a role in 73% of the cases, whereas a contact allergy could be detected in 30%. The most frequent allergens were nickel sulphate (20%), potassium dichromate (6%) and cobalt chloride (4%). In some persons with a definite history of allergy to metals, no positive patch test with nickel, chromate or cobalt could be obtained; other mechanisms may be involved. Significantly more positive patch tests were found among persons with an eczema of longer than 2 years duration compared with persons with eczema present for a shorter period of time, indicating that many cases of eczema are primarily of irritant nature, but later complicated by sensitisation. In 41%, the eczema was healed. A poor healing tendency was observed in those with a combination of irritant and allergic eczema. Relatively few ascribed healing to medical treatment. PMID- 6609045 TI - Hand dermatoses in Tromso. AB - As a parallel project to a coronary risk factor survey in northern Norway, 14,667 men and women aged 18-55 years answered questions concerning the occurrence of allergic hand eczema. 364 men (4.9%) and 961 women (13.2%) had had allergic hand eczema during the previous 12 months. 49 men (0.7%) and 105 women (1.4%) claimed to have had one or more sick leaves because of hand eczema during the preceding 3 years. 114 subjects reported both eczema last year and sick leave during the preceding 3 years, of whom 74 were already registered in the files of the regional department of dermatology. The majority had irritant contact dermatitis. The incidence of hand eczema appears to be high in this part of Norway and the possibility that the subarctic climate may increase skin irritancy is discussed. PMID- 6609046 TI - Treatment of renal osteodystrophy in advanced renal failure during predialysis time. PMID- 6609047 TI - How to prevent renal osteodystrophy. PMID- 6609048 TI - Stimulation of ATP synthesis in hypothermically perfused dog kidneys by adenosine and PO4. AB - During continuous hypothermic perfusion of dog kidneys there occurs a gradual decrease in ATP from about 1.4 to 0.6 mumol/g wet wt after 5 days of preservation. The loss of ATP can be prevented by including both adenosine (10 mM) and PO4 (25 mM) in the perfusate. Under these conditions kidney cortex ATP levels were more than double control values--3.5 mumol/g wet wt. Both adenosine and PO4 were necessary since omission of one substance resulted in no net synthesis of ATP. Furthermore, these high levels of ATP were obtained only if adequate concentrations of adenosine were maintained during perfusion. Following 3 days of perfusion the adenosine level in the perfusate decreased to about 1 mM and under this condition ATP levels were low. Adenosine levels were maintained in the perfusate by two methods: (1) addition of fresh perfusate or (2) pretreatment of the kidney with the adenosine deaminase inhibitor--deoxycoformycin. The increased levels of ATP appear directly related to the availability of nucleotide precursors and the presence of inhibitors of the enzymes involved in the catabolism of nucleotides and nucleosides (PO4 and deoxycoformycin). Mitochondrial activity was similar in kidneys with high or low ATP levels following 5 days of preservation. PMID- 6609049 TI - Nursing care plan for the patient with acute gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. PMID- 6609051 TI - Decrease of intracellular chloride activity by furosemide in frog retinal pigment epithelium. AB - We found that intracellular chloride activity in frog retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) was significantly higher than predicted from the equilibrium distribution across the cell membranes. When transepithelial chloride transport was inhibited by furosemide intracellular chloride activity decreased and approached electrochemical equilibrium. These data indicate that RPE possesses an active, furosemide-sensitive chloride transport across the apical membrane. PMID- 6609050 TI - Comparison of the effects of EGF, pFGF and EDGF on corneal epithelium wound healing. AB - EDGF, a growth factor purified from bovine retina is able to increase the rate of wound healing of rabbit corneal epithelium in a dose dependent way. Two applications a day are enough to obtain the maximum rate. The most purified preparation of EDGF is as effective as EGF or pFGF in promoting this phenomenon and allows the epithelium to reach its normal organization earlier. Excess addition of EDGF did not adversely affect the normal or healed epithelium. PMID- 6609052 TI - Coronary bypass in dextrocardia. PMID- 6609053 TI - Flow cytometric analysis of the binding of eleven lectins to human T- and B-cells and to human T- and B-cell lines. AB - The relative surface binding of 11 lectins to human peripheral blood T- and B lymphocytes, to Molt-4 and JM T-cell lines, and to 6410 and NC37 B-cell lines was determined by flow cytometry. The lectins from Lens culinaris (LCA), Ricinus communis (RCA), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), Abrus precatorius (APA), Ulex europaeus (UEA-F), Sarothamnus scoparius (SAS-F), Helix pomatia (HPA), Phaseolus coccineus (L-PHA), Glycine max (SBA), and Triticum vulgare (WGA) were fluoresceinated and incubated with living, formaldehyde-fixed, or neuraminidase-treated cells. Except LCA, which preferentially bound to the two B-cell lines tested in this study, none of the other lectins exhibited selective binding to the undifferentiated cells of the cell lines. The T-cell lines and, in part, the peripheral blood T cells bound less WGA, APA, LCA, and L-PHA than the B-cell lines and the peripheral blood B-cells. Binding of PNA was found only after neuraminidase treatment of the cells; the binding of PNA, HPA, and UEA-F after neuraminidase treatment was higher for the T-cells than the B-cells from peripheral blood. No significant differences were detected between both cell types for RCA, ConA, SBA, and SAS-F. PMID- 6609054 TI - Modification of autophagic degradation by medium- and illumination conditions in frog visual cells in vitro. AB - In vertebrate visual cells, cytoplasmic organelles are degraded within autophagic vacuoles occurring in inner segments. In isolated frog retinas in vitro, an increase of autophagic activity as compared to in vivo controls was observed and a reduction of autophagic activity in dim red light as compared to bright white light (Reme, 1981). In this study, isolated frog retinas were superfused: (a) with and without serum addition to the superfusion medium at 400 1 X illumination; (b) without serum at 400 1 X fluorescent light or without visible light. Autophagy was significantly decreased, in cones more than in rods, in retinas superfused with serum containing medium and superfused without visible light. The increased autophagy in serum free medium is interpreted to provide precursor molecules for protein synthesis. The reduction of autophagy in darkness may reflect different functional and metabolic states of visual cells. PMID- 6609055 TI - Hypoglycemia induced by the interaction of chlorpropamide and co-trimoxazole. AB - Sulfonylureas hypoglycemic action may be potentiated by sulfonamides. This case report describes a 69-year-old female with a hypoglycemic episode suggestive of an interaction between chlorpropamide and sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole). The patient had no renal or liver dysfunction. This interaction is rare but one should be aware of it, especially with combination products. PMID- 6609056 TI - [Long-term sclerosing therapy of bleeding esophageal varices. A prospective course study]. AB - Longterm sclerotherapy by flexible endoscopy was done in 109 patients with acute bleeding from oesophageal varices in a prospective follow-up study. The severity of the liver disease was classified according to Child (Pugh's modification) at the beginning of treatment. Patients were followed-up for at least 12 months with a maximum of 44 months. The one-year survival rate for all patients was 67%. Child-A patients (100%) and child-B patients (84%) had a significantly better survival than Child-C patients (36%; P less than 0.001). The rate of haemorrhage per patient-month was significantly lower (P less than 0.001) in Child-A patients (0.4%) and Child-B patients (2.4%) than in Child-C patients (8.5%). After initial sclerosing of 8 weeks' duration the rate of recurrent haemorrhage was only 1.3% per patient-month. There was a significant difference (P less than 0.005) between Child-A patients (0.2%) and Child-B and -C patients (2%). The data show that Child-Pugh's classification permits a high prognostic accuracy in predicting results of sclerotherapy. Child-A and -B patients are suitable candidates for longterm sclerotherapy whereas Child-C patients show a clearly increased risk of recurrent bleeding during the early phase of treatment and have a markedly reduced survival rate. PMID- 6609057 TI - [The BT-PABA urine and serum test in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 6609058 TI - [Coronary artery bypass operation in a patient undergoing continuous peritoneal dialysis]. PMID- 6609059 TI - Acute otitis media secondary to ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae. PMID- 6609060 TI - Scrofula followed by AIDS. PMID- 6609061 TI - Acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage at Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya. A prospective endoscopic study. PMID- 6609062 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of the combined preparation trimezol--Farmakhim. 1. Plasma levels and urinary excretion of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole in the rat]. PMID- 6609063 TI - Changes in the excitability of segmental moton eurone polls by chronic cerebellar dentate nucleus stimulation. PMID- 6609064 TI - Electrical activity from cells in the whole, isolated, intact bovine pituitary gland. I. Changes induced by injection of hypothalamic, pineal and intraglandular colloid material. AB - Spontaneous electrical activity can be recorded from all lobes of the whole, isolated, intact bovine pituitary gland with subdermal electrodes. The potentials can be modified by injecting either crude hypothalamic, pineal gland or intraglandular colloid material. The pituitary cells yield grossly similar responses to these materials, and it is thought that the materials act through distinctly separate receptors. PMID- 6609065 TI - Electrical activity from cells in the whole, isolated, intact bovine pituitary gland. II. Changes induced by injection of pentobarbital and morphine. AB - Spontaneous electrical activity can be recorded from certain pockets of cells in the whole, intact, isolated bovine pituitary gland. Other pockets of cells are either just noticeably active or electrically silent. An infusion of either pentobarbital or morphine enhanced spontaneous electrical activity and induced activity in electrically silent cells. An application of these agents resulted in an unprecedented excitatory response. PMID- 6609066 TI - Immunoreactive oxytocin in human placental tissue. AB - Immunoreactive oxytocin was detected with the aid of specific and sensitive assay in a supernatant obtained after homogenization of human placenta. It was found that: 1. The content of immunoreactive oxytocin increased from 30 ng per placenta at first trimester to 4.8 micrograms at second trimester and 15 micrograms at third trimester; 2. The mean immunoreactive oxytocin concentration in 1 g of the placental tissue was 2.5 ng g-1 at first trimester and then it significantly increased to 34 ng g-1 at second and third trimester; 3. The dilution curve of placental tissue was nearly parallel to that of synthetic oxytocin; 4. The elution curve of placental tissue through CMC column chromatography showed similar pattern with that of synthetic oxytocin. Though the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary have been known as major sources of oxytocin, these data indicate that the placenta might be the third source of this hormone. PMID- 6609067 TI - Luteotropic action of estradiol-17 beta and gonadotropic hormones on rat ovarian cells in culture. AB - Rat granulosa cells isolated from proestrus ovarian follicles and the luteal cells isolated from postovulatory follicles during estrus were cultured as monolayers for 10 days at 37 degrees C in Eagle's medium with 10% calf serum. Progesterone and estrogen concentrations in culture medium were measured by a radioimmunoassay. The activity of delta 5,3 beta-OHSD (delta 5,5 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) in cultured cells was estimated histochemically. Stimulation of progesterone secretion by cultured luteal cells under the influence of LH (100 ng ml-1), PRL (100 ng ml-1) and estradiol-17 beta (150 ng ml 1) was observed. Granulosa cells, on the other hand, showed no increase in progesterone secretion in the presence of estradiol. LH, PRL (in the same doses as above) and HCG (10 U) enhanced estrogen secretion from luteal cells, but inhibited this process in granulosa cells. The difference might be caused by the presence of theca interna cells in the developing corpus luteum. PMID- 6609068 TI - Vasocclusion sterility induced by ethanol, prostagladin or ascorbic acid in male rats. AB - Vasocclusion was induced by a single injection of ethanol, prostaglandin or ascorbic acid into the vas deferens. The sluggishly motile or completely immotile, abnormal and decapitated sperms reduced the fertility of the animals after all the three treatments. The reduction in androgen dependent parameters was more severe in the distal vas deferens, but tissue weights were unaltered or even increased due to the presence of sperm granuloma in the vasal lumen. Vasocclusion is a simple non-surgical procedure which could effectively bring about antifertility effects, therefore, by employing some more suitable occluding agents with minimum side effects, this technique could be made more efficacious. PMID- 6609069 TI - Differences in the physicochemical characteristics of androgen-receptor complexes formed in vivo and in vitro. AB - This study compares the physicochemical characteristics of the androgen-receptor hormone complexes formed in vitro by incubation of prostatic cytosol with tritiated 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and methyltrienolone (R1881; 17 beta hydroxy-17 alpha-methyl-4,9, 11-estra-trien-3-one) with those of hormone-receptor complexes formed in vivo upon hormone injection. [3H]DHT and [3H]R1881 had similar affinities for the androgen receptor in vitro (Kd = 0.3 nM). Dissociation of DHT at 0 C from the receptor complexes formed in vitro or in vivo was much slower than that of R1881. Furthermore, DHT and R1881 dissociated much more slowly from the cytoplasmic receptor labeled in vivo than in vitro. The sedimentation characteristics of the in vitro and in vivo formed hormone-receptor complexes were similar when analyzed on sucrose density gradients containing 400 mM KCl and 10 mM Na2MoO4. Higher concentrations (50 mM) of Na2MoO4, however, prevented the salt-induced disaggregation of the in vitro formed receptor complexes, which sedimented at 7-8S. In contrast, androgen-receptor complexes formed in vivo sedimented as 5.5S complexes, even in the presence of 50 mM molybdate. These differences were paralleled by the elution patterns from Sephacryl S-200. A further difference was found in the sensitivity of the hormone receptor complex to the organic mercurial reagent mersalyl acid. This reagent, at 0.2 mM, induced ligand exchange of 80-90% of the in vitro formed hormone-receptor complexes, whereas it was nearly ineffective with complexes formed in vivo. Finally, the prostatic androgen receptor content 1 h after injection of radioactive steroid into castrated rats was 12-14 pmol/mg DNA, while incubation of tissue slices at 37 C yielded only 3-4 pmol receptor/mg DNA. PMID- 6609070 TI - Immunologic effects of nickel: I. Suppression of cellular and humoral immunity. AB - The effects of nickel chloride on the cellular and humoral immune responses of mice were studied. A single intramuscular injection of nickel chloride (18.3 mg/kg) caused a significant involution of the thymus within 2 days following treatment. Significant reductions in the in vitro mitogen-stimulated response of lymphocytes from nickel chloride-treated mice (24 hr following a single injection of 18.3 or 36.6 mg/kg) were observed for the T-cell mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A), and the B- and T-cell mitogen pokeweed mitogen (PWM) but not the B-cell mitogen lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Theta-positive but not Ig-positive spleen cells were significantly reduced in nickel-treated mice compared with controls. Significant suppression of the primary antibody response to the T-cell dependent antigen sheep red blood cells was observed following a single injection of 18.3 mg/kg NiCl2. Natural killer (NK) cell activity was significantly suppressed following a single injection of 18.3 mg/kg NiCl2. The administration of NiCl2 (18.3 mg/kg) also decreased the amount of endotoxin required to kill 50% of treated mice, although this was not statistically significant. In all cases the immunosuppressive effects of NiCl2 were found to be transient with responses returning to normal within a few days. No alteration in the response of mice immunized with the T-cell independent antigen polyvinylpyrrolidone was observed following treatment with nickel. Furthermore, the phagocytic capacity of resident peritoneal macrophages from nickel-treated mice was not significantly different from saline-injected mice. The results indicate that NiCl2 predominantly affects T-cell mediated immune responses and natural killer cells. PMID- 6609071 TI - Homologies in the primary structure of GTP-binding proteins: the nucleotide binding site of EF-Tu and p21. AB - An examination of the available amino acid sequences of GTP-binding proteins has revealed that each contains a polypeptide essentially homologous for all of them. These sequences for elongation factor-Tu (EF-Tu) and the human bladder protein p21 exhibit a singular degree of homology (50%). Chemical and structural evidence indicates that this sequence in EF-Tu constitutes part of the nucleotide-binding site. The homologous sequences may therefore contribute to the GTP-binding sites of the other proteins. PMID- 6609072 TI - Discrimination of assembled and disassembled forms of gizzard myosin by papain. AB - Chicken gizzard myosin in 0.15 M or 0.5 M NaCl was cleaved at two sites of heavy chain with 2-10 micrograms/ml papain. MgATP inhibited these cleavages of myosin in 0.15 M NaCl but not in 0.5 M NaCl. The protective effect of ATP was observed at concentrations as low as 10 microM and increased in proportion to ATP concentration to a maximum at 1 mM. ADP was as effective as ATP, while adenosine 5'-[beta, gamma-imido]triphosphate, an unhydrolyzable ATP analogue, was less effective than ATP or ADP. AMP had no protective effect on the digestion of myosin and GTP inhibited slightly the digestion. When the papain-insensitive myosin in 0.15 M NaCl and 2.5 mM MgATP was phosphorylated by Ca2+/calmodulin dependent myosin light-chain kinase, the myosin restored the vulnerability to papain. However, the two papain-susceptible forms, nonphosphorylated form in the absence of MgATP and phosphorylated form in the presence of MgATP, yielded very similar but distinct proteolytic fragments upon the digestion. When the extent of myosin assembly was estimated by the turbidimetry of myosin suspension in 0.15 M NaCl, nonphosphorylated myosin in the absence and presence of MgATP was assembled and disassembled, respectively, and phosphorylated myosin in the presence of MgATP was assembled. These results suggest that, at physiological ionic strength, papain as a probe distinguishes disassembled myosin and assembled myosin as papain-insensitive and papain-sensitive forms, respectively. PMID- 6609073 TI - Synthetic peptide substrates for the membrane tyrosine protein kinase stimulated by epidermal growth factor. AB - The substrate specificity of the epidermal-growth-factor-stimulated tyrosine protein kinase of A431 cell membranes has been studied using a series of synthetic peptide analogs of the sequence around the phosphorylated tyrosine-419 of pp60src. The nine-residue peptide Leu-Ile-Glu-Asp-Ala-Glu-Tyr-Thr-Ala was phosphorylated on tyrosine with an apparent Km of 0.4 mM and a V of 5.7 nmol X min-1 X mg-1. Synthetic peptide tyrosine phosphorylation was stimulated by epidermal growth factor but not by insulin or relaxin. Extension of the nine residue peptide to include the basic residues, arginine-412, arginine-422 and lysine-423 led to an increased apparent Km. Substitution of glutamic-418 by leucine also increased the apparent Km. In the model peptide Ile-Xaa-Xaa-Ala-Ala Tyr-Thr-Ala a lower apparent Km was obtained when Xaa was glutamic rather than aspartic acid. Poly(aspartic acid) and poly(glutamic acid) had only weak effects on peptide tyrosine phosphorylation. The results support the concept that acidic residues and not basic residues are important specificity determinants for the epidermal-growth-factor-stimulated tyrosine protein kinase. PMID- 6609074 TI - Factors influencing the quantification of valvular regurgitation by gated equilibrium radionuclide angiography. AB - To test the clinical validity of the stroke volume ratio (SVR) and the factors influencing its value we determined it in a population of 41 patients free of valvular regurgitation. The SVR was estimated from multigated blood pool scans in left anterior oblique position by two methods. The first method followed the classical formula of the left to right ventricular stroke count ratio. The second method used the same formula except that the right atrial activity emanating from the area of right atrioventricular overlap as traced at right ventricular end systole, was subtracted from the right ventricular stroke count. The SVR averaged 1.25 +/- 0.18 (range 0.97-1.80) by the first technique and 1.05 +/- 0.12 (range 0.82-1.36) by the second (P less than 0.001). In our results the SVR is not correlated to either ejection fraction or angiographically determined left ventricular volumes. Conversely the SVR is correlated with the left to right end diastolic volume ratio evaluated from radionuclide counts measured at right and left ventricular end-diastole (r = 0.48, P less than 0.01). This may be due to variations in the area of right atrioventricular overlap, depending on the size of the ventricular chamber. It is postulated that the accuracy of SVR determination could be enhanced by subtraction of the right atrial activity from the right ventricular activity at end-systole. In patients free of valvular regurgitation the LV/RV stroke volume ratio approaches unity and the variability of the results is smaller. Interobserver and intraobserver variability is reduced using the Fourier phase approach. PMID- 6609075 TI - Tumor detection with carbon-11-labelled amino acids. AB - A comparative study of tumor detection with ten 11C-labeled amino acids including four newly synthesized amino acids was carried out to find the most valuable 11C labeled amino acid for the diagnosis of cancer. 11C-L-methionine showed the highest uptake by the experimental rat hepatoma AH109A (2.7% administered dose/g at 20 min, tumor to blood ratio; 11.4). The second highest uptake was of 11C aminocyclopentane-carboxylic acid (ACPC). The newly synthesized 11C-DL-methyl ACPC characteristically showed higher accumulation in tumor than in liver and the tumor to liver ratio reached 3.0 at 60 min after injection. It is suggested that 11C-L-methionine and 11C-DL-methyl-ACPC are useful amino acids for the diagnosis of cancer using positron emission tomography. PMID- 6609076 TI - Segmental analysis of stress thallium myocardial emission tomography for localization of coronary artery disease. AB - The value of stress thallium 201 myocardial emission computed tomography (ECT) in the assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD) was analyzed in 75 patients admitted for coronary arteriography. The ECT provided contiguous transaxial, short-axis, and long-axis sections of the myocardium and the myocardial images were divided into nine segments. The sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of CAD were 95% and 93%, respectively. Using selected segments, the ECT identified 97 of 111 (83%) major vessels involved: 89% for right coronary artery (RCA), 88% for left anterior descending (LAD), and 70% for left circumflex (LCx). Among the 75 cases, 35 underwent stress conventional planar imaging within 3 months. The planar imaging provided high sensitivity (90%) and specificity (100%) for the detection of CAD patients as well, but it showed lower sensitivity (57%, P less than 0.001) in identifying individual vessels involved: 55% for RCA (P less than 0.01), 70% for LAD, and 36% for LCx (P less than 0.05). Stress ECT detected vessel involvement more in two-vessel disease (85%) and three-vessel disease (78%) than the planar imaging (50%: P less than 0.05 and 44%: P less than 0.01, respectively). Thus, segmental analysis of stress ECT yielded as high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of CAD as the planar imaging. This can improve sensitivity in identifying individual vessels involved in deep myocardial regions, especially in those with multivessel disease. PMID- 6609077 TI - The effect of alcoholic cirrhosis on the two kinetic components (high and low affinity) of the microsomal 0-deethylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin in human liver. AB - The activities of the two kinetic components (high and low affinity) of the microsomal 0-deethylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin have been measured in liver from patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and in normals. The activity (expressed as pmol 7-OH coumarin formed/mg microsomal protein/min) of both components of the enzyme was significantly lower in alcoholic cirrhosis (high affinity = 3.27 +/- 1.18, low affinity 60.9 +/- 11.6) than in normals (high affinity 9.43 +/- 2.37, low affinity 111.3 +/- 9.2). These results are further evidence that there is a broad impairment of hepatic microsomal mono-oxygenase activity in alcoholic cirrhosis. PMID- 6609078 TI - Locomotion in the rat after 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan. AB - Previous work has shown that administration of 5HTP in amounts substantially less than those required to elicit 'serotonin syndrome' to rats pretreated witha peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor, produced increases in locomotion, measured by whole body movements. The purpose of the present work was to study the cyclic shifts of weights from side to side which underly the progress of locomotion and to see whether these change after 5HTP. From the reciprocal of the interval for one complete cycle was calculated the weight transferral frequency (WTF). The modal WTF for control and treated rats were in the ranges 1-1.49 and 2-2.49 Hz respectively, while the medians were in the ranges 2-2.49 and 2.5-2.99 Hz respectively. Testing of goodness of fit between the frequency distribution curves in control and treated animals showed significant differences. It is concluded that after 5HTP treatment, basic locomotor patterns are shifted towards higher frequencies. PMID- 6609079 TI - Studies on the off-response of the rod photoreceptors in the isolated frog retina. AB - Transretinal potential changes induced by a 30 sec exposure to 503 nm light were studied in the dark-adapted frog isolated retina. The retina was treated with aspartate and 0.5 mM Ba2+ to suppress the PII and slow PIII components of the electroretinogram, and therefore the response to the light stimulus consisted of the on-response (fast PIII response) and the off-response. The amplitude of the off-response was proportional to that of the on-response when the stimulus intensity was weak. The amplitude ratio of the off-response to the on-response was unaffected by partial bleachings of rhodopsin. In the presence of 700 nm background illumination, the amplitude of the on-response was decreased, whereas that of the off-response was increased. The amplitude of the off-response increased to about four-fold that of the original response at 3 hr after turning on the background illumination, but the effects of 480 nm background light were less remarkable. Both the on- and off-response, however, had a peak spectral sensitivity at about 500 nm, regardless of the presence of background light. From these findings, it was suggested that the red rods contribute to the development of the off-response, but the cones would also contribute through small focal gap junctions between the cones and the red rods. PMID- 6609080 TI - Sensory neural mechanisms in contraction of the rabbit isolated sphincter pupillae: analysis of the responses to capsaicin and electrical field stimulation. AB - Electrical field stimulation produced contractions of the rabbit isolated iris sphincter muscle which were completely blocked by tetrodotoxin (10(-6) M). Low frequency (0.16-5 Hz) responses were atropine-resistant, but were prevented by sensory (trigeminal) denervation, and were considered to be owing to antidromic stimulation of sensory nerves. Higher frequency (10-40 Hz) responses were apparently unaffected by atropine alone (3 X 10(-7) M) and unaltered by sensory denervation, but were completely blocked by a combination of both. Thus at higher frequencies both cholinergic and sensory nerves would seem to be activated. Capsaicin-induced contraction of the isolated iris sphincter muscle, previously shown to be dependent upon an intact and functional sensory nerve supply, was not suppressed by atropine (3 X 10(-7) M) or by tetrodotoxin (10-6 M). Capsaicin therefore, although acting via sensory nerves, does not seem to require axonal conduction or Na+ flux to produce a response. This pain-producing substance may therefore act directly on sensory elements to release a mediator without requiring excitation of adjacent fibres by axon reflex. Contractile responses to capsaicin and also to low-frequency electrical stimulation were partially inhibited by morphine (5 X 10(-5) M), which in contrast had no effect on responses to carbachol or to substance P. Thus, at the peripheral as at the central endings of these bipolar primary afferent fibres, morphine may inhibit the release of the putative mediator. PMID- 6609081 TI - Mechanism of the age-related decline in lymphocyte proliferation: role of IL-2 production and protein synthesis. AB - Although an age-related decline in mitogen-induced proliferation in spleen lymphocytes has been reported by numerous investigators, the molecular mechanism responsible is unknown. In this study, we compared the mitogen-induced proliferation, IL-2 production, and protein synthesis in spleen lymphocytes isolated from 4, 12, 20, and 30 month-old male Fischer F344 rats. IL-2 production by Con A-stimulated lymphocytes, as determined by the ability of the culture supernatants to support the growth of cultured T cells, declined over 72% between 4 and 30 months of age. This decline in IL-2 production paralleled a similar decrease in proliferation. Early protein synthesis by Con A-stimulated spleen lymphocytes was determined by measuring the incorporation of [3H]-valine into acid insoluble material, and this dropped 74% between 4 and 30 months of age. There was a strong correlation between the age-related decline in the three parameters tested. Based on these results, we propose that the age-related decline in protein synthesis may be the molecular basis for the similar decrease in IL-2 production and mitogenesis. PMID- 6609082 TI - Modulation of B-cell colony growth by T-cell subsets. AB - The ability of T-cell subsets to modulate the growth of B-cell colonies derived from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PB-MNC) was analyzed. B-cell enriched populations (BCE), isolated by depletion of E-rosetting cells, were placed in the upper agar layer of a double-layer agar system. The lower layer contained the mitogen Staph Protein A (5-10 micrograms/ml). Colonies of B cells (100-500/4 X 10(5) cells) were observed in cultures containing BCE, partially depleted of T cells by a single cycle of E-rosetting. Rigorous depletion of T lymphocytes from BCE by an anti-T-cell antibody and C' decreased colony numbers to approximately 25% of control values. Addition of autologous T cells to underlayers restored B-cell colony growth in a dose-dependent fashion. OKT4 cells were more effective than OKT8 cells in enhancing colony responses. OKT8 cells, however, did not suppress B-cell colony growth. The ability of T cells to enhance proliferation of B cells was unaffected by irradiation. These data indicate that T cells amplify proliferation of human B-cell colonies and that different subsets of T cells vary in their ability to support B-cell colony growth. PMID- 6609083 TI - Quantitative analysis of the role of accessory cells in the development of human blood BFU-E-derived erythroid colonies. AB - A simplified method for the purification of human peripheral blood erythroid progenitor cells (BFU-E) using standard immunological techniques is described. Following removal of platelets, erythrocytes, nylon-wool-adherent cells, and sheep erythrocyte rosette-forming cells (RFC), BFU-E are routinely concentrated tenfold in the null cell fraction. Null cells plated at low density in erythroid cell cultures containing optimal amounts of methylcellulose, erythropoietin, and fetal calf serum did not give rise to spontaneous erythroid colonies. Coculture of null cells with highly purified, autologous RFC at a ratio of 1:25 yielded well-hemoglobinized erythroid colonies which were noticeably smaller than those found in cultures containing unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, further addition of very low numbers of purified adherent cells to null plus RFC dramatically increased the total hemoglobin content as well as the size and number of BFU-E-derived erythroid colonies. Addition of adherent cells alone to null cells had virtually no effect. Under conditions of optimal stimulation by adherent cells and RFC, the number of erythroid bursts was linearly related to null cells plated over an eightfold range. The synergism exhibited between adherent cells and RFC was not restricted by mismatched histocompatibility antigens. This system should be generally useful in quantitating the roles of more highly purified cellular and molecular populations in human erythropoiesis. PMID- 6609084 TI - Responses of units in the rat cerebellar flocculus during optokinetic and vestibular stimulation. AB - The simple (SS) and complex spike (CS) responses of Purkinje (P-cells) and non Purkinje (non P-cells) in the cerebellar flocculus were studied in alert pigmented rats (DA-HAN) during binocular and monocular optokinetic stimulation (OKS), vestibular stimulation and a combination of the two. Of a total of 98 P cells whose SS discharges were activated by rotary stimulation of the horizontal canal in the dark (type I and type II P-cells), the vast majority (72%) responded to constant velocity binocular OKS that was produced by means of a horizontal shadow projector system. The remaining P-cells responded only to vestibular stimulation (19%), to OKS or to the presumed fast components of optokinetic and vestibular nystagmus (9%). The optokinetic responses of P-cells were generally bidirectional but asymmetrical, i.e., the increases in rate in one direction were larger in magnitude than decreases on opposite OKS and were synergistic with the semicircular canal input. During constant velocity OKS, the discharge of a few P cells rose approximately exponentially, outlasted the stimulus by as much as 10 13.5s and, thus, resembled OKS responses of vestibular nucleus neurons. However, the majority exhibited a phasic-tonic response governed by a short "time constant" of from 0.5-3s. The velocity tuning curves of vestibular/OKS responding P-cells showed peak sensitivities with retinal slip velocities of 1.5-2 degrees/s. This is higher than the ca. 1 degree/s determined for other relay nuclei of the horizontal optokinetic pathway. The responses of non P-cells suggest that they originate from mossy fiber projections from vestibular, visual (optokinetic) and saccadic eye movement-related areas of the brainstem. Most of the units carried a combined vestibular and optokinetic signal. The majority showed a bidirection-selective response to OKS, and a small percentage showed unidirectional responses only. Monocular testing of P-cells revealed that most received a bidirection-selective, but asymmetrical, OKS input. Slightly more than half of these had a strongest OKS drive from the contralateral eye; the remaining units were driven most strongly by the ipsilateral eye. Unidirection-selective P cells, driven by OKS to the ipsi- or contralateral eye, were uncommon; yet this class is common among other portions of the horizontal optokinetic system (e.g., vestibular nuclei, praepositus hypoglossi nucleus, nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6609085 TI - Effects of vestibulocerebellar lesions upon dynamic characteristics and adaptation of vestibulo-ocular and optokinetic responses in pigmented rabbits. AB - The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and optokinetic response (OKR) in the horizontal plane were examined in pigmented rabbits, using sinusoidal whole-body rotation and sinusoidal rotation of a striped screen. Sustained rotation of the animal (5 degrees peak-to-peak, 0.1 Hz) for 4 h, under different optokinetic stimulus conditions, induced the following adaptive changes in the VOR: (1) outphase rotation of the screen (5 degrees) increased the VOR gain by 0.3 (on average); (2) with the screen fixed in space, VOR gain increased by 0.2. (3) in phase rotation of the screen (5 degrees) decreased the VOR gain by 0.16. However, (4) in-phase rotation of the screen at twice (10 degrees) the amplitude of whole body rotation did not affect the gain. Instead, it induced a significant phase lead (23 degrees) in the VOR, which did not occur in other stimulus conditions. Adaptive increases of the OKR gain occurred under sustained rotation of the screen alone (2.5 degrees, 0.33 Hz). After bilateral destruction of floccular Purkinje cells with kainic acid the VOR gain and phase were affected only very slightly, but adaptive changes in the VOR were abolished. By contrast, the OKR gain was reduced and the OKR phase delayed. OKR adaptation was also affected in such a way that a gain increase initially produced could not be maintained during sustained screen rotation. Ablation of nodulus-uvala caused a gain increase and phase lead in both VOR and OKR, and its only effect on adaptability of the VOR or the OKR was observed for the VOR under stimulus condition (4). PMID- 6609086 TI - Role of intramuscular enzymatic changes in the development of muscular weakness in rats with experimental allergic neuritis. AB - We investigated the role of intramuscular enzymatic changes in the development of muscular weakness in rats suffering from experimental allergic neuritis. At an initial stage without apparent clinical symptoms, enzymatic changes of similar types occurred in the muscles of the forelimbs and hind limbs. At a later stage when the weakness appeared in the hind limb but not in the forelimb, dissociation of the pattern of the enzymatic changes occurred between the two limbs. Comparison of the intramuscular enzymatic changes between the two stages and between the two limbs suggested that the increased activities of aminopeptidases and endopeptidases play some important roles in the development of muscular weakness in this experimental model. Low molecular weight protease inhibitors may thus be worthy of a trial in this disease condition. PMID- 6609087 TI - Functional changes in the descending antinociceptive system of morphine-dependent rats. AB - Functional changes of the descending antinociceptive system were studied in morphine-dependent rats by two types of experiments: (a) by recording the effects produced on nociceptive responses of the somesthetic thalamus by stimulation of the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM), and (b) by analyzing changes in the tonic activity of neurons in the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG). Poststimulus time histograms indicated that the input of A-alpha, A-delta, and C fibers into the spinal cord was conveyed via the spinothalamic tract (STT) to particular neurons of the nucleus ventralis posterolateralis (nVPL). Spikes of their responses were grouped in a short-latency burst followed by late spikes that occurred at the appropriate intervals for the arrival of the excitations originally initiated in the A-delta and C fibers. Only the histograms with late peaks were evaluated for the influence of the antinociceptive system. Stimulation of the NRM prior to stimulation of the sciatic nerve promptly suppressed the late A-delta and C fiber) peaks in morphine-naive animals. In morphine-dependent rats, NRM stimulation had little or no effect on the histograms. 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5 HTP) had no effect on the nVPL neurons in morphine-naive rats, but in the morphine-dependent rats it renewed the ability of NRM stimulation to suppress the late activity. The tonic activity of the PAG neurons was significantly higher in morphine-dependent compared with that of the morphine-naive animals. Naloxone had a differential effect on the activity of the PAG neurons with regard to the two types of animals: it decreased the PAG activity drastically in the morphine dependent rats. Apparently, the high tonic activity induced in the PAG by repeated administration of morphine acts on the descending antinociceptive fibers of the NRM and exhausts the synaptic transmitter substance, serotonin, in the NRM terminals, thus decreasing the ability of these terminals to block A-delta and C fiber excitation of the STT. By assisting the synthesis of serotonin, 5-HTP renews the capacity of the NRM fibers to counteract STT excitation, and thus reinstates the normal function of the antinociceptive system. PMID- 6609088 TI - Advances in microbial protoplasts (Bacillus licheniformis beta-lactamase and the protoplast surface). AB - The changing nature of the research reported at these Symposia over the past two decades is noted, especially the current emphasis on plant protoplasts. Improvements in procedures for the preparation and regeneration of microbial protoplasts are summarized and the definition of optimal conditions for fusion and genetic transfer. The efficiency of fusion now attainable has led to considerable advances in the genetics of yeasts and mycelial fungi and of bacteria. In addition, the synthesis and secretion of beta-lactamase (penicillinase) in Bacillus licheniformis is described in order to illustrate how protoplasts can be utilized to investigate 1) the form in which the new enzyme emerges from the membrane surface, 2) the importance of accessibility in processing of the emerging chain and 3) the role of cell wall structure in the induction of beta-lactamase synthesis. PMID- 6609089 TI - Synthesis and pharmacological activity of 3-substituted pyrido[3',2':4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones. AB - A series of 3-substituted pyridothienopyrimidin-4(3H)-ones has been synthesized from 2,7,9-trimethyl-4H-pyrido[3',2':4,5]thieno-[3,2-d] [ 1,3]oxazin-4-one. These compounds have been evaluated for analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities. The ulcerogenic effect of the compounds has been also studied. PMID- 6609090 TI - Increase in sensitivity of the microcytotoxicity assay by T cell growth factor (IL-2)-containing preparations. AB - Supernatants from Con A-stimulated rat spleen cell cultures containing TCGF were able to increase the sensitivity of the microcytotoxicity assay. Spleen cells from mice immunized with irradiated syngeneic tumour were precultivated for 24 h in a TCGF-containing medium. The precultivated immune spleen cells, when allowed to react with syngeneic tumour target cells, displayed a higher cytotoxic effect than the same immune spleen cells precultivated in a medium without TCGF. Similarly, the addition of TCGF-containing medium to the effector cells during the microcytotoxicity assay increased the cytotoxic effect. Combination of both schedules, i.e., precultivation of the immune effector cells in a TCGF-containing medium and addition of TCGF-containing medium to the effector cells during the microcytotoxicity assay produced the highest increase in sensitivity of the microcytotoxicity assay. PMID- 6609091 TI - [Neonatal mass-screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. I. Microfilter paper methods for radioimmunoassay of 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone]. AB - In order to perform neonatal mass-screening for 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21 OHD), two simplified radioimmunoassay (RIA) methods to estimate 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) were devised, using discs 3 mm in diameter cut from filter paper impregnated with whole blood. One was a direct method to use assay buffer eluent as a sample, and the other was an extraction method to use diethyl ether extract. One disc in the direct method and one-fourth to four discs in the extraction method were used. We used [1, 2, 6, 7-3H(N)]-17-OHP as a tracer, anti 17-OHP-3-carboxymethyloxime-BSA serum as an antiserum and saturated ammonium sulfate to separate the bound from free 17-OHP. The specificity of the antiserum was nearly satisfactory, except for an unnegligible cross-reactivity with 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone (17-OH-delta 5P). Both methods were practically easy and rapid, and had satisfactory accuracy and precision. A significant correlation (p less than 0.005) was observed between "Disc-17-OHP" values by both methods and plasma 17-OHP concentrations measured by highly specific RIA, although the values obtained by the direct method were significantly higher (p less than 0.005) than plasma 17-OHP concentrations, which presumably resulted from the cross-reactivity of the antiserum with 17-OH-delta 5P-sulfate. "Disc-17-OHP" values of the untreated or poorly controlled patients with 21-OHD were extremely high compared with normal neonates and children. However, as most premature infants also showed high values, the possibility of giving false-positive results had to be considered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6609092 TI - [Neonatal mass-screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. II. A pilot neonatal mass-screening study in the west of Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan]. AB - Using a simplified radioimmunoassay method for "Disc-17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (Disc-17-OHP)", a pilot neonatal mass-screening study for 21-hydroxylase deficiency was performed in the West of Shizuoka Prefecture for a period of 19 months. During this period, 20,975 neonates were studied, and the mean value and S.D. of "Disc-17-OHP" values were 21.1 and 9.65 pg/disc, respectively. We tentatively decided the 99th-percentile value as a recalling point, and 219 neonates (1.04%) were the candidates for recall by this criteria. One hundred thirty-six neonates out of these 219 candidates who responded to recall were evaluated by physical examination, family history and measurements of plasma electrolytes, 17-OHP and 21-deoxycortisol values as well as concentrations of pregnanetriol and pregnanetriolone in spot urine specimens. As a result, 2 infants were proved to have the salt-losing type of 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21 OHD). Approximately one half of the candidates were premature or low birth-weight infants, and at least 80% had a history of some kind of problem at delivery or in the early neonatal period. Despite the problems remaining to be solved, the present study demonstrates the feasibility and importance of neonatal mass screening programs for 21-OHD, and suggests that the incidence of 21-OHD is probably greater than previously expected. PMID- 6609093 TI - [Epidermal growth factor (EGF) levels in human]. PMID- 6609094 TI - Influence of 13-cis retinoic acid and of arotinoid on the cytochrome P-450 system in rat liver. AB - Female Wistar rats were treated with either 13-cis retinoic acid or arotinoidethyl ester in a dose comparable to those used in humans over different periods up to 28 days. In the liver of the animals the following parameters were estimated: microsomal protein content, cytochrome P-450 content, and cytochrome P 450-dependent activities of enzymes such as aminopyrine-N-demethylase, arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase, and 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylase. Only a transitory increase of the aminopyrine-N-demethylase after 3 days of treatment could be demonstrated. From this animal study, there is no evidence of interactions between retinoids and drug-metabolizing monooxygenases, e.g., the metabolism of contraceptive active steroids. PMID- 6609095 TI - Influence of thyroid autoantibodies on thyroid cellular growth in vitro. AB - Porcine thyroid follicle cells, cultured in suspension, were employed to investigate the effects of immunoglobulin preparations from patients with colloid goitre, Graves' disease or Hashimoto's thyroiditis on thyroid growth in vitro. Epidermal growth factor (EGF, 19 ng/ml) was used as a reference for maximum growth stimulation and produced a 9-fold increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation. Immunoglobulins (1000 micrograms/ml) were found to increase [3H]thymidine incorporation compared to control: from 10 normal individuals 32 +/- 4% (mean +/- SEM, % of EGF response), from 10 patients with colloid goitre 26 +/- 4% (not significantly different from normal), from 10 patients with Graves' disease 19 +/ 3% (P less than 0.05) and from 15 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis 11 +/- 2% (P less than 0.001). No patient immunoglobulin preparation showed activity greater than that of normal individuals. The lower growth stimulatory activity in Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis remained after heat inactivation of serum and is thought to reflect surface binding of thyroid autoantibodies. PMID- 6609097 TI - [Lessons drawn from 25 years of vasopressin use in patients with cirrhosis]. PMID- 6609096 TI - HLA-related heterogeneity in seasonal patterns of diagnosis in Type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes. AB - HLA type, time of year of diagnosis, and age at diagnosis were studied in 52 new cases of Type 1 diabetes in Seattle, Washington. Diagnosis was found to be seasonal in diabetic patients positive for DR3 (p less than 0.005), with the expected marked reduction in new cases during the summer months. This seasonality was not age-related (p greater than 0.13). Cases who were DR3-negative did not show significant seasonality of diagnosis (p greater than 0.5). However, when age at diagnosis was adjusted for, a seasonal effect was found in the DR3-negative group (p less than 0.006), with older cases favouring a spring onset and younger cases favouring an autumn onset. Thus, DR3-positive cases showed a seasonal diagnosis pattern that did not depend on age, while DR3-negative cases showed an age-dependent seasonal pattern. These differences may reflect the predominance of different aetiological mechanisms in these two genetic groups. PMID- 6609098 TI - [Herpetic esophagitis, a cause of postoperative digestive hemorrhage]. PMID- 6609099 TI - Seasonal plasma sex steroid levels in the female Rana esculenta. AB - Seasonal plasma progesterone, androstenedione, estrone, and 17 beta-estradiol concentrations in the female Rana esculenta were determined by radioimmunoassay during the 1979 and 1981 seasons. Plasma levels of these steroids were highest just before the first ovulatory wave in spring and lowest after the breeding season. In the 1979 season (during the 1981 season hormones were not assayed in January, November, and December) progesterone, androstenedione, and estradiol levels showed another peak in November-December. During the breeding months, i.e., late March to late June, progesterone, androstenedione, and estradiol levels showed intermittent ups and downs corresponding roughly to the ovulatory waves. In addition, during the breeding season progesterone and androstenedione levels had a higher average in frogs with "ripe" ovaries than in those with "spent" ovaries. Relationships between seasonal steroid levels and ovarian activity are briefly discussed. PMID- 6609100 TI - Genetic heterogeneity of rabbit alpha-1-antitrypsin. AB - Sixteen inbred or partially inbred strains of rabbits were investigated for electrophoretic and quantitative variations of alpha-1-antitrypsin (A-1-AT). We found interindividual differences in the electrophoretic A-1-AT patterns as well as quantitative differences in the concentrations of A-1-AT and the serum trypsin inhibiting activity. Three electrophoretic phenotypes were distinguished: M, P and MP. M was characterized by a predominant anodal A-1-AT band, and P had a major cathodal component. The MP pattern can be explained by the occurrence of the M and P components in the same serum due to heterozygosity. The P pattern was associated with an A-1-AT concentration of approximately 56% of that in sera with the M phenotype. The levels of A-1-AT in sera with the MP phenotype were intermediate between those in M and P types. In addition to the type-specific quantitative variation, we found a quantitative sexual dimorphism of a moderate degree: Female rabbits had A-1-AT concentrations 16% less than males. PMID- 6609101 TI - GI problems in the elderly. AB - Common GI disorders merit special attention when the patient is elderly. The author's recommendations for diagnosing and managing GI bleeding, swallowing disorders, ulcers, and other problems are tailored to the frail older patient. Follow-up guidelines stress the search for malignancy. PMID- 6609102 TI - Oesophageal stricture and dysphagia after endoscopic sclerotherapy for bleeding varices. AB - Oesophageal stricture and dysphagia after endoscopic sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices were assessed with regard to occurrence and severity and the relation to the treatment. We followed 34 patients for three to 47 months who had two to 25 treatments with submucosal, paravenous injections of polidocanol (3%). Twenty patients (59%) developed stricture or dysphagia; 14 both dysphagia and endoscopically verified stricture, two dysphagia without stricture, and four stricture without dysphagia. Both phenomena occurred intermittently and often independent of each other, but occupied median 38% of the observation time in these 20 patients. The patients developing strictures had received significantly more treatments and greater amount of sclerosant, and they had significantly more preceding mucosal necroses. The varices were eradicated to about the same degree and the incidence of recurrent haemorrhage was the same as in the patients who had not developed stricture. PMID- 6609103 TI - Value of serum PABA as a pancreatic function test. AB - In a total of 71 subjects (19 controls, 24 patients with non-pancreatic gastrointestinal disease, and 27 patients with pancreatic disease) an oral pancreatic function test using N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-PABA (BT-PABA) was performed with simultaneous determination of the serum para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). Urinary excretion of PABA was significantly less (p less than 0.001) in patients with chronic pancreatitis (n = 12) and pancreatic carcinoma (n = 10) than in controls and in patients with non-pancreatic disease. The serum concentration curve in patients with chronic pancreatitis was significantly flattened (p less than 0.001) compared with that of the control group and the patients with non pancreatic gastrointestinal disease. The discrimination between the controls and the patients with chronic pancreatitis was best at 120 minutes after administration of BT-PABA (lower limit of normal: 2.8 micrograms/ml). The results of our study show that determination of PABA serum concentration two hours after administration of BT-PABA is as valuable an index of pancreatic function as the urinary excretion of PABA. PMID- 6609104 TI - Sclerosing cholangitis and histiocytosis X. AB - Three patients with biopsy proven histiocytosis X who developed a clinical and pathological picture compatible with sclerosing cholangitis are reported. In one patient, operative biopsy of the common bile duct revealed histiocytosis X in the granulomatous/xanthomatous phase. At necropsy, however, only fibrosis of the biliary tree was seen, a picture consistent with sclerosing cholangitis. Fibrotic obstruction of the biliary tree led to death from liver failure in all three patients. The aetiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis is unknown and may be multifactorial. Perhaps involvement of the biliary tree by histiocytosis X is one cause. PMID- 6609105 TI - Phase II and pharmacokinetic study of high-dose methotrexate in the treatment of advanced gynecologic malignancy. A Southwest Oncology Group Trial. AB - Fifteen patients with advanced or recurrent gynecologic malignancy were treated with high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) (1-8 g/M2) and citrovorum factor rescue (10 100 mg/M2). One complete response (13%) and two improved responses occurred in eight patients (25%) with squamous cell carcinoma and one of seven patients (14%) with nonsquamous nontrophoblastic carcinoma had stable disease for 7 months. The median duration of survival in the squamous group was 9 months and in the nonsquamous groups 6.5 months. Mean serum MTX concentrations were proportional to the doses administered and typical two compartment plasma disappearance curves were seen. Adverse toxic reactions were not observed at serum MTX levels less than 7.8 X 10(-7) M at 24 hr and 1 X 10(-7) M at 48 hr post-MTX. Hematopoietic toxicity occurred most frequently with leukopenia observed in 19.5% of courses. Hepatic, renal, gastrointestinal, and dermatologic toxicities were observed infrequently. Drug-induced nephrotoxicity occurred in one patient and possibly related leukoencephalopathy occurred in another patient. On the basis of the relatively low response rate observed in this trial and the high expense of HDMTX therapy, the value of such therapy may be limited in advanced nontrophoblastic gynecologic cancer. PMID- 6609106 TI - [Anaerobic bacteria and Gardnerella in nonspecific vaginal fluor (vaginosis)]. PMID- 6609107 TI - [Electric stimulation in the treatment of non-fusion on bones]. PMID- 6609109 TI - [Lens injuries and endophthalmitis]. PMID- 6609108 TI - [Existing results in the treatment of injuries of the lens capsule]. PMID- 6609110 TI - [Eye injuries in Finnish children]. PMID- 6609111 TI - [Eye injuries in childhood--an analysis of 760 cases]. PMID- 6609112 TI - [Genetics and lung diseases]. PMID- 6609113 TI - [Adult T-lymphocyte leukemia (ATL) in Hokkaido]. PMID- 6609114 TI - Brain imaging techniques and their usefulness in psychiatry. PMID- 6609115 TI - Peripheral T cell lymphoma (immunoblastic sarcoma of T cell type): an immuno ultrastructural study. AB - Use of monoclonal antibodies directed against T cell antigens for the phenotypic characterization of neoplastic lymphoid cells in peripheral T cell lymphomas is described. Studies of cryostat sections revealed the distribution of T cell subsets in nodal and extranodal infiltrates, and immuno-ultrastructural techniques demonstrated discrete localization of T cell antigens to the cytoplasmic membranes of neoplastic cells. Although histologically similar, the tumors appeared heterogeneous as to their immunologic phenotype, with the majority demonstrating markers for T helper/inducer lymphocytes. PMID- 6609116 TI - Thymoma: lymphoid and epithelial components mirror the phenotype of normal thymus. AB - Six thymomas were studied with monoclonal and polyclonal antisera and an immunohistochemical technique to characterize the lymphocytic and epithelial components of the tumor. The T lymphocytes had characteristics of thymocytes, and cortico medullary differentiation was demonstrated within all tumors, regardless of histologic appearance. Cortical thymocytes were positive with anti-terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, OKT6, and OKT10, all of which failed to stain medullary thymocytes. Conversely, A1G3 stained medullary thymocytes exclusively. Epithelial cells reacted with A2B5, an antibody that identifies cells of neuroendocrine origin. Epithelial cell processes were also positive with anti p19, a monoclonal antibody directed against the internal protein of HTLV, which also reacts with normal thymic epithelium. No correlation was found in the distribution of epithelial cells with evidence of cortical and medullary thymocyte differentiation. However, the components of the tumor mirrored the normal cellular and structural components of the thymus. PMID- 6609117 TI - Perfusion of canine serum over Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1: Evidence for release of protein A and changes in specific antibody activity. AB - Sera from three normal dogs were assessed for levels of Clq binding IgG and complement consumption after perfusion over Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC). Increased levels of Clq binding IgG were detected after perfusion of sera over SAC and were associated with complement consumption. Canine antiserum to human erythrocytes were also perfused over SAC and assessed for Clq binding IgG and hemolytic activity. Increased levels of Clq binding IgG in post-perfusion samples were detected which were associated with a decrease in hemolytic activity. IgG was determined to be present in molecular weight fractions greater than 200,000 M.W. in post-perfusion chromatographically fractionated sera. Moreover, 5% polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitated IgG from post-perfusion sera was functional in antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity assays. Putative staphylococcal protein A isolated from post-perfusion sera produced a precipitin band in double diffusion agarose gel studies when reacted with normal human and canine sera. A polypeptide co-migrating with purified protein A could be detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis of the post-perfusion isolated protein A. Addition of purified protein A to canine antiserum resulted in decreased hemolytic activity of the serum which was associated with increased levels of Clq binding IgG. PMID- 6609118 TI - Correlation of patterns of nuclear protein synthesis with differentiation of mitogen-stimulated B-lymphocytes. AB - Nuclear proteins synthesised by mouse lymphocytes stimulated by the B-lymphocyte mitogen lipopolysaccharide have been analysed by 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It has been shown that the rate of synthesis of both nucleoplasmic proteins and nonhistone chromatin proteins is stimulated dramatically by LPS and many nuclear proteins are synthesised that were undetectable in resting lymphocytes. The majority of these proteins are synthesised by lymphoblasts and plasma cells, the lymphocytes that remain small after LPS stimulation synthesizing relatively few proteins. Two chromatin proteins that have previously been shown to appear in the nucleus within 4h of mitogen stimulation exhibit a continuous increase in their rate of synthesis during lymphocyte differentiation. The possible roles of these proteins in differentiating lymphocytes are discussed. PMID- 6609119 TI - Isolation of serologically active HLA-A, B, C and DR antigens as monitored by a fixed cell radioimmunoassay. AB - Procedures for isolation of antigenically active preparations of human HLA antigens were monitored using a sensitive and quantitative radioimmunoassay for HLA-A, B, C or HLA-DR antigens. These assays involve binding of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies to appropriate target cells and inhibition of this binding by solubilized antigen preparations. Fixation of the target cells with glutaraldehyde allows quantitation of inhibitors in high concentrations of nonionic detergents. Using this assay, it was possible to examine quantitatively the relative merits of several alternative procedures for isolating both class I and class II antigens. For example, chromatography of cell lysates on columns of Ricinus communis agglutinin gave high recoveries of DR antigens purified from the majority of cell proteins. When Lens culinaris hemagglutinin was used for separation of cell lysates approximately 90% of the A, B, C antigens but only 32% of the DR antigens bound the column and were eluted by alpha-methyl-mannoside. Immunoadsorbent column were then used to recover antigenically active molecules suitable for structural or functional studies from these enriched fractions. PMID- 6609120 TI - Follicular trapping of hapten-erythrocyte-antibody complexes in mouse spleen. AB - In this study we followed the in vivo fate and distribution of hapten-coupled sheep red blood cells (TNP-SRBC) coated with 125I-labelled anti-hapten antibody in mice. The majority of these complexes was rapidly taken up by the liver, and by macrophages in the marginal zone of the spleen. Within a few hours, however, marginal zone labelling diminished and label appeared in the corona of lymphoid follicles. After 1-7 days the only remaining label was associated with areas of follicular dendritic cells. This follicular trapping was abolished by decomplementing mice with cobra venom factor. These results, therefore, demonstrate that immune complexes made with a large, particulate antigen are retained for long periods in lymphoid follicles in an analogous fashion to soluble complexes. We assume (but have not proved) that the complexes retained by dendritic cells contain soluble erythrocyte antigens released from macrophages, rather than intact RBC. This possibility is strengthened by the presence of significant amounts of free, functional antibody in the circulation of mice given TNP-SRBC coated with antibody in vitro. The possible significance of immune complex trapping in antibody-induced suppression of anti-RBC responses is discussed. PMID- 6609121 TI - Characterization of a human X mouse T cell hybridoma and identification of a clone secreting and binding interleukin-2. AB - Human lymphocytes stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) were fused with an HGPRT- murine lymphoma, BW5147, and a hybridoma BwFc93-1 was isolated and cloned in agarose. This human X mouse hybrid and nine clones derived from it were characterized by chromosome analysis, phenotypic and functional assays. Karyotyping and isoenzyme studies showed the presence of five human chromosomes in BwFc93-1 with preferential retention of three chromosomes--6, X and 15--in the clones. Membrane immunofluorescence analysis revealed that all the clones expressed human and mouse class 1 MHC antigens and the mouse T cell antigens Thy 1 and T200, but were devoid of human OKT3, OKT8 and mouse Lyt-2. Human OKT4 and OKM1 phenotypes were transiently expressed by one clone and mouse Lyt 1 by two other clones. Several T4-, Lyt-1- clones produced and bound human interleukin-2 (IL-2) indicating a lack of correlation between human T cell phenotype and function in those hybrids. There was also evidence of dichotomy in the secretion of IL-2 and expression of the IL-2 receptor since clones were identified which either bound or secreted IL-2. One clone expressing IL-2 receptors could be induced to produce human IL-2 by simultaneously stimulating with PHA and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). PMID- 6609122 TI - Accessory cells distinct from macrophages in lymphocyte proliferation of cynomolgus monkeys. AB - Mononuclear cells of cynomolgus monkeys were separated into four distinct fractions based on their buoyant density on discontinuous gradients of Percoll. Cells of the lightest density (fraction I) were enriched for macrophages and B cells, whereas cells from the denser fractions (fractions II-IV) consisted mainly of T cells, especially in fraction IV up to 88%. Cells of moderate density (fractions II and III) could respond better to T cell mitogens than unfractionated cells. In contrast, cells of fraction I not only failed to respond to mitogens, but also exerted an inhibitory effect on lymphocyte proliferation, indicating that macrophages might suppress the response in cynomolgus monkeys. Cells alone having the heaviest density (fraction IV), although enriched for T cells, also showed no significant response. However, addition of mitomycin C treated fraction II or III resulted in partial restoration in the proliferative response of this fraction. Further examination revealed that the accessory activity resided in the non-adherent, nonphagocytic, non-E rosette-forming and Fc receptor-negative cells with moderate density, suggesting the presence of accessory cells distinct from monocyte/macrophage lineage in cynomolgus monkeys. PMID- 6609124 TI - Ia-negative B-cell variants reveal a coordinate regulation in the transcription of the HLA class II gene family. PMID- 6609123 TI - Interaction between MHC-encoded products and cloned T cells. II. Analyses of physiological requirements indicate two different pathways of stimulation by class I alloantigens. AB - The interaction between class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) products and T cells was studied using H-2Kb-specific alloreactive T-cell lines and clones obtained by repeated in vitro stimulation with allogeneic cells. Induction of proliferation of these T cells appeared to involve two signals: the H-2Kb alloantigen and interleukins. Immunopurified liposome-inserted H-2Kb, which stimulates specific secondary in vitro cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses, could not replace cell-associated H-2Kb in the stimulation of these T-cell lines, even in the presence of feeder cells and interleukins. When T-cell lines were initiated in vitro and repeatedly stimulated with H-2Kb liposomes and feeder cells, it was possible to obtain T cells that could proliferate in response to H 2Kb liposomes in the presence of feeder cells and interleukin-2-containing supernatants or on H-2Kb-expressing cells. Only stimulation with cells permitted maintenance of these T cells in culture for more than 12 weeks. Analyses of cell surface markers and of patterns of inhibition of proliferation by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) of T-cell lines induced in vitro with cell- or liposome associated H-2Kb indicated that T-cell stimulation by class I antigen can occur in at least two ways. In the first, the H-2Kb-induced proliferation of Lyt-1- Lyt 2+ T4- T cells is inhibited by H-2Kb- and by Lyt-2-specific mAb, but not by Ia or T4-specific mAb. In the second, both Lyt-2+ and T4+ T cells are involved and the H-2Kb-induced proliferation is inhibited by H-2Kb- and Lyt-2-specific mAb and by Ia- and T4-specific mAb. PMID- 6609125 TI - Growth and serial passage of Pneumocystis carinii in the A549 cell line. AB - Pneumocystis carinii obtained from infected rats and patients was cultured in the A549 cell line, a presumptive alveolar type 2 cell line derived from a human lung carcinoma. Standard criteria were established for organism sampling, quantitation, and growth. The trophozoite form of P. carinii was a more sensitive indicator of growth than was the cyst. Rat P. carinii increased 10-fold in primary culture and could be serially passed three additional times to new cultures; success in growing human P. carinii was limited and appeared to be related to the quality of the specimen received for culture. Growth pattern experiments suggested that close interaction of P. carinii with the cell monolayer is an important step in the life cycle of the organism. Thus, the A549 culture system should be useful for in vitro studies of the immunobiology of P. carinii. PMID- 6609126 TI - Interleukin 2 augmentation of natural killer cell activity in homosexual men with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - Natural killer cell activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells against K562 myeloid cells was studied in 8 normal heterosexual men, 5 healthy homosexual men, and 11 homosexual men with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. The overall natural killer cell activity was lower in healthy homosexual men and in homosexual men with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from four normal heterosexual men were preincubated overnight in complete medium supplemented with various concentrations of lectin-free interleukin 2 lacking interferon. Cells from these cultures exhibited a dose dependent augmentation of natural killer cell activity. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 8 normal heterosexuals, 5 healthy homosexuals, and 11 homosexual men with acquired immune deficiency syndrome were preincubated overnight in complete medium supplemented with 20% interleukin 2. Natural killer cell activity cultured in 20% interleukin 2 increased to 78.4 +/- 8.4 (mean +/- standard deviation) from 30.8 +/- 11.0 in normal heterosexual men, to 68.3 +/- 17.6 from 16.8 +/- 13.6 in healthy homosexual men and to 49.3 +/- 15.3 from 11.6 +/- 6.1 in homosexual men with acquired immune deficiency syndrome at a 100:1 effector/target cell ratio. These results suggest that interleukin 2 is capable of directly stimulating natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Consideration of the use of interleukin 2 as a potential therapeutic agent to modify immune responses in disorders such as acquired immune deficiency syndrome appears warranted. PMID- 6609127 TI - Two adjuvant-active muramyl dipeptide analogs induce differential production of lymphocyte-activating factor and a factor causing distress in guinea pigs. AB - Many adjuvant-active analogs of muramyl dipeptide (MDP) have been described. Unfortunately, most have been found to induce pyrexia or other adverse side effects in several species. In the guinea pig, these side effects include the guinea pig distress syndrome, which lasts 24 to 48 h, and enhancement of endotoxin shock. A dose-related response to MDP or N-acetylmuramyl-L-alpha aminobutyryl-D-isoglutamine [( Abu1]-MDP) was observed. However, we found several adjuvant-active analogs which were completely innocuous in guinea pigs. 2-(2 Acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose-3-O-yl)-D-hexanoyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutam ine (3'-n propyl-MDP) was one such compound. To understand the differences between the toxic and nontoxic compounds, macrophage stimulation in vitro was studied. Both compounds stimulated guinea pig peritoneal macrophages to produce lymphocyte activating factor in vitro. However, the supernatant from 3'-n-propyl-MDP stimulated macrophages had no observable effects on guinea pigs, whereas the dialyzed supernatant from [Abu1]-MDP-stimulated cells readily induced the guinea pig distress syndrome. Sephadex G-150 chromatography showed that both analogs stimulated production of a major (60,000) and minor (11,000) peak of lymphocyte activating factor activity. The factor causing the guinea pig distress syndrome was found only in the low-molecular-weight fraction of [Abu1]-MDP-treated cell supernatants. Thus, one difference between the nontoxic and toxic compounds is their ability to produce lymphocyte-activating factor in the absence of the toxic factor. The lack of toxicity of 3'-n-propyl-MDP makes it an attractive compound for use in vaccines. PMID- 6609128 TI - Antibody-dependent alternative pathway killing of Haemophilus influenzae type b. AB - The bactericidal activities of human complement and human antibody directed against specific Haemophilus influenzae type b cell surface determinants were investigated. Strain Eagan, a laboratory isolate, and strain Kn, a clinical isolate, were used as the test organisms and gave qualitatively similar results. In the absence of antibody, both isolates were resistant to killing by 60% agammaglobulinemic serum (AGS) containing normal complement levels. The addition of affinity-purified immunoglobulin G anticapsular antibody was bactericidal with 15% AGS as the complement source. Bactericidal activity was also demonstrated with this antibody when the complement source was AGS-Mg-EGTA [ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N-tetraacetic acid], C2-deficient human serum (alternative complement pathway), or AGS in which factor D and properdin had been selectively inactivated (classical pathway). Immunoglobulin G fractions from a human serum pool or from serum from an adult who had recovered from H. influenzae type b (Kn) sepsis were absorbed to remove anticapsular antibody. The absorbed fractions containing noncapsular antibodies also activated complement-dependent bactericidal activity. But, in contrast to the results with anticapsular antibody, noncapsular antibodies did not elicit alternative pathway bactericidal activity. Incubation of cells of H. influenzae type b in C2-deficient serum or AGS-Mg-EGTA did not cause complement consumption (total hemolytic complement and C3). The addition of immunoglobulin G anticapsular antibody (but not noncapsular antibody) increased consumption of total complement and C3, paralleling the results of the bactericidal assays. These studies demonstrated an absolute requirement for anticapsular antibody in alternative pathway activation and killing of H. influenzae type b.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6609129 TI - Suppression of IgE antibody response by preadministration of antigen-pulsed spleen cells. II. Characteristics of immediate tolerance induction. AB - Intravenous administration of syngeneic spleen cells (SPC), briefly pulsed with antigen in vitro, resulted in a profound state of IgE antibody unresponsiveness. One of the mechanisms of this unresponsiveness is responsible for an immediate tolerance which is induced without any suppressor cells. Characteristics of this immediate tolerance were investigated. Administration of antigen-pulsed spleen cells 4 h before the immunization, suppressed the production of IgE antibody triggered by the subsequent immunization. Pretreatment with cyclophosphamide had no effect on this rapid suppression, and this suppressive state could not be transferred to normal syngeneic recipients by the injection of spleen cells from the tolerant mice used in our experiment. These observations suggest that suppressor cells do not play an important role in immediate tolerance. The extent of this immediate tolerance induced by the injection of antigen-pulsed SPC depends on the number of antigen-pulsed SPC and the dose of antigen to which SPC had been exposed. Injection route of antigen-pulsed SPC has a great influence on the induction of immediate tolerance. The order of suppressive extent is intravenous, greater than intraperitoneal greater than subcutaneous. This suppression is specific to the antigen pulsed to SPC. Carrier-specific T cells are the major target of suppression in immediate tolerance. Antigen-pulsed T cells induce immediate tolerance most effectively in the subpopulations of SPC. PMID- 6609130 TI - Lymphocyte-induced macrophage cytotoxicity. Production of specific macrophage arming factor by sensitized Lyt 1+2+ T-lymphocytes. AB - T cells obtained from C57BL (H-2b) mice, that were immunized against allogeneic SL2 (H-2d) tumor cells, were able to produce a factor with the capacity to render macrophages cytotoxic. The factor producing T cells were of the Lyt 1+2+ phenotype. The factor was only produced by the T cells after triggering in vitro by SL2 cells or other cells with H-2d antigens. The macrophages armed with the factor only killed tumor cells with H-2d antigens. The factor was absorbed from the supernatant by macrophages and by cells bearing H-2d antigens but not by other cells. This showed that the factor has an affinity for macrophages and the specific sensitizing alloantigen. Therefore, the specificity of the lymphocytes is the same as the specificity of the factor and the factor-armed macrophages. The factor produced by the Lyt 1+2+ T cells is therefore the specific macrophage arming factor. PMID- 6609131 TI - Studies on C3ahu binding to human eosinophils: characterization of binding. AB - C3a purified to chemical homogeneity from human serum binds preferentially to human eosinophils greater than neutrophils. Little or no binding is found with human platelets. Maximum binding to eosinophils at 37 degrees C occurs within 15 min. Dilution of 125I-C3a by either cold C3a or washing away unbound 125I-C3a and reincubating at 37 degrees C reveals a T1/2 of approximately 30 min. C3adesArg neither binds to eosinophils nor inhibits the binding of 125I-C3a. The binding of C3a to human eosinophils may reflect a physiologic role of C3a in eosinophil motility or function. PMID- 6609132 TI - Studies on the binding of complement factor C4 in human platelets. Complement activation by means of cold agglutinins. AB - Normal human platelets were investigated by immunofluorescence techniques for the natural occurrence of and uptake capacity for complement factor C4. Fractions of human platelets were found to carry none or very little C4. Activated C4 was readily taken up by the majority of platelets in vitro. Complement could be activated with pathological cold agglutinins (CA) of mono- or polyclonal types, all with specificity for the I antigen. Complement activation seen in normal human sera was probably due to naturally occurring CA with anti-I specificity. Thrombin potentiated the complement-activating capacity of CA, and complement factor C1 enhanced and stabilized the binding of CA to platelets. PMID- 6609133 TI - Kinetics of the histological changes in lymphoid organs and of the T-cell inducing capacity of serum in mice treated with Imuthiol (sodium diethyldithiocarbamate). AB - Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate ( Imuthiol ) triggers in mice an increased production of T-cell recruiting factors and an early and prolonged hyperplasia in the T-cell dependent areas of peripheral lymphoid organs, partially independent from thymus modification. The data confirm previous findings on the role of an extrathymic factor and are consonant with the notion of a feedback regulation to control T-cell differentiation. PMID- 6609134 TI - Recruitment of thymocytes from G1 into S phase by a thymic factor. AB - A thymic factor previously shown to stimulate the DNA synthesis of immature thymocytes was found to recruit G1 cells synchronously into S phase within 1.5-2 h. The S + G2 + M duration of the cultured thymocytes was not affected. In the absence of the thymic factor, the responding thymocytes seemed to be blocked in G1 at a putative restriction point 1.5 h prior to S phase. When the addition of the thymic factor to cultured cells was delayed, the responsiveness rapidly declined, indicating that target cells were transferred into an unresponsive state. A stimulating effect of the DNA synthesis of cultured thymocytes was obtained also after a transient exposure to the thymic factor for 2-3 h. The stimulating activity was completely absorbed from the medium by incubation with thymocytes at both 4 and 37 degrees C, but not by lymph node lymphocytes which are unresponsive to the thymic factor. Our interpretation of the results is that the thymic factor acts on thymocytes in G1, triggering the responsive cells via membrane receptors to proceed from G1 into S phase. The thymic factor is proposed to be a progression factor for the rapidly cycling immature thymocytes and to be involved in the regulation of the intense thymic growth in vivo. PMID- 6609135 TI - Hyperparathyroidism in patients with X-linked dominant hypophosphatemic rickets- application of the calcium infusion test as an indicator for parathyroidectomy. AB - Two children with X-linked dominant hypophosphatemic rickets treated with vitamin D metabolites and phosphate supplementation, for prolonged periods, developed hyperparathyroidism with nephrocalcinosis. Calcium infusion tests were performed in both. In one patient, the initial test was done two weeks after all treatment was stopped. Only moderate decrease in the degree of the phosphaturia was recorded. However, a repeat test, performed after all medications were withheld for another four weeks, showed normal anti-phosphaturic response, and she continued to be treated conservatively. In the other patient, the test was done five weeks after withholding treatment. Failure to suppress the phosphaturia provided strong support for the diagnosis of tertiary hyperparathyroidism. He underwent total parathyroidectomy and the parathyroid histology confirmed the diagnosis. In both, control of parathyroid activity stopped the deterioration in kidney function and improved the response of the basic disorder to treatment. It is concluded that in patients with X-linked dominant hypophosphatemic rickets, the calcium infusion test is useful for the differentiation between secondary reversible and tertiary-irreversible hyperparathyroidism. To avoid continued stimulation of the parathyroid glands by phosphate administration, we recommend that such calcium infusion test be performed and interpreted after at least six weeks have elapsed without phosphate or vitamin-D administration. PMID- 6609136 TI - The unique responses of the primordial germ cells in the fish Oryzias latipes to gamma-rays. AB - The effects of gamma-radiation on the development of the primordial germ cells (PGCs) of medaka embryos (Oryzias latipes) during the early stages of development were quantitatively examined and compared to the effects on the intestinal cells. The PGCs develop in three stages: an extra-gonadal proliferative stage (1-2.5 days after fertilization), a mitotically inactive stage after the termination of the migration into the gonad (2.5-4.5 days), and an extensive proliferative stage (between 4.5 days and hatching). A dose-rate effect was absent in the PGCs, regardless of their mitotic activity, when dose rates were 2.5 and 0.14 Gy/min. The radiation effect on the PGCs was not reduced by hypoxia and was not enhanced by heat treatment during the proliferating stages. Conversely, radiation resistance was induced in the PCGs during the mitotocally inactive stage by hypoxia and, unexpectedly, by heat treatment. From the present data, we conclude that the PGCs have a small repair ability, and we discuss the radiation resistance induced in the PGCs by hypoxia and heat treatment. PMID- 6609137 TI - Dose-effect relationship of chromosome aberrations induced by 23 MeV alpha particles in human lymphocytes. AB - The dose-effect relationship and intercellular distribution of chromosome aberrations were studied in human peripheral blood lymphocytes irradiated in vitro with 23 MeV alpha particles. The frequency of dicentrics, mu, was best expressed by a linear-quadratic model, mu = 7.55 X 10(-1) D + 2.1 X 10(-2) D2, although the dose-quadratic component was not significantly different from zero giving a fit to a linear model mu = 7.93 X 10(-1) D also (D in Gy). The intercellular distributions of dicentrics were over-dispersed compared with Poisson distribution, and the dispersion index as expressed by the relative variance increased with the increase of mean dicentric yield. Stochastic considerations based on the relative variance indicated the presence of inter track interaction in the formation of dicentrics by alpha particles. Modification of the dose-response relationship by selective loss of cells with more damage is discussed. PMID- 6609138 TI - Sister chromatid exchanges in bone marrow cells of mice maintained on tritiated water. AB - The ability of tritium to induce sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) has been investigated in male mice of the Hale-Stoner-Brookhaven strain maintained on drinking water containing 3.0 microCi/ml tritiated water (HTO). At selected intervals after 28-261 days of consuming HTO, the frequency of SCEs and the kinetics of cellular proliferation were measured in bone marrow cells of animals maintained on HTO, and in age-matched control groups, by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine labelling methods. A statistically significant (1 percent level) elevation of SCEs was observed after 81, 163, 192, 247 and 261 days of HTO ingestion. The frequency of induced SCEs increased linearly with the ingestion time. These results are of particular interest since ionizing radiation is generally not considered to be an efficient inducer of SCEs. PMID- 6609139 TI - Photoreactivation of U.V.-induced cytoplasmatic lesions in eggs of Sciara ocellaris. AB - Photoreactivation of Sciara eggs inactivated by U.V. at 254 or 300 nm wave lengths was observed regardless of whether the lesions were induced in nuclear or cytoplasmic targets. Photoreactivation of cytoplasmic injury caused by U.V. at 254 nm seems to be a special property of Sciara eggs since this mechanism is practically absent in other insect eggs. The cause of this differential behaviour is not known. PMID- 6609140 TI - Production and excision repair of cyclobutane-type pyrimidine dimers in the DNA of Turbatrix aceti. AB - The production and removal of 254 nm ultraviolet-induced pyrimidine dimers was measured in the DNA of the free-living nematode Turbatrix aceti. Approximately 0.0035 per cent pyrimidine dimers are produced per J/m2. Following a fluence of 100 Jm2, approximately 50 per cent of the dimeric photoproducts were excised within 60 min. The number of pyrimidine dimers excised did not change with increasing U.V. fluence, indicating saturation of the U.V. repair system in T. aceti. The results indicate a highly efficient and selective repair system in Turbatrix aceti for dimeric photoproducts. PMID- 6609141 TI - Oxygen effect in the radiolysis of proteins. Part 2. Bovine serum albumin. AB - Radiolysis of bovine serum albumin under aerobic and anaerobic conditions was studied by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. After Coomassie Blue or Fast Green staining quantitative evaluations give information about the degradation processes of the protein. Under nitrogen the main reaction is the aggregation caused by covalent cross-links, which includes only a small portion of intermolecular S-S bridges. Under air the radiolysis leads to peptide chain scission, which is not a random process, but yields specific protein fragments. A mechanism for this fragmentation reaction is suggested. The radiation-induced broadening of the serum albumin peak is interpreted as being a result of intramolecular disulfide exchange. In contrast to lactate dehydrogenase the degradation of serum albumin is enhanced by oxygen, probably because of its low tryptophan content. PMID- 6609142 TI - The effect of sequential irradiation with X-rays and fast neutrons on the survival of V79 Chinese hamster cells. AB - V79 Chinese hamster cells have been exposed to X-rays or fast neutrons or to the two radiations given sequentially. Cells exposed to a priming dose of X-rays and then exposed immediately to a series of neutron doses regard the X-ray dose as equivalent to a neutron dose giving the same surviving fraction (iso-effective). If the cells are exposed to a neutron dose followed by X-rays the resulting survival is higher than would be obtained if the primary dose had been an iso effective X-ray dose. However, it is lower than would be expected if the two radiations acted independently. The results imply that there is interaction between the damage caused by X-rays and fast neutrons. If the two radiations are given 3 hours apart they act independently. PMID- 6609143 TI - Dose-independent effect of misonidazole in fractionated irradiations of hypoxic Vicia faba bean roots. AB - The radiosensitization of 5 mM misonidazole (Miso) was measured in Vicia faba bean roots with regimens of single, three, six and twelve fractions of 250 kVp X rays. To inhibit cell division, the beans were kept at a constant temperature of 3.5 degrees C during irradiation and between fractions that were spaced 24 hours apart. The doses in various regimens were graded such that they ranged between 27 and 350, and 42 and 513 cGy per fraction in Miso-treated and non-treated regimens, respectively, under hypoxia. The sensitivity enhancement ratio (s.e.r.) was constant throughout the dose range employed with an average value of 1.62. The s.e.r. increased to 2.3 when measured with single doses at 19 degrees C. It is concluded that the s.e.r. is dose-independent and that temperature enhances the effectiveness of the drug. PMID- 6609144 TI - Dominant lethal induction and testicular uptake of iodine-125 in mice. AB - The mutagenic potential of 125I was studied using dominant lethal (DL) and testicular uptake studies. Dominant lethality (DL) represents embryonic death resulting from the chromosomal breakage in gametes of parents. When compared to controls, mice treated with different doses of 125I showed significant levels of induced DL. Significant pre-implantation losses were observed and variations in live implantations indicated total losses by the isotope. Dead implantations per pregnant female in the isotope treated groups showed a significant increase from controls indicating induced levels of post-implantation losses. All the stages of spermatogenesis, i.e., spermatozoa, spermatid, spermatocyte and spermatogonia were found to be sensitive to the induction of post-implantation losses, the spermatid stage being the most sensitive. Testicular uptake was measured from 1/2 hour to 72 hours after injection and maximum uptake was recorded at 1/2 hour, indicating the permeability of the blood/testis barrier. PMID- 6609145 TI - pH changes in Chinese hamster cells after gamma-irradiation. AB - Intracellular pH (pHin) changes after gamma-irradiation of Chinese hamster fibroblasts have been studied by a fluorescence method using the ratio of fluorescence intensities after excitation at 488 and 458 nm and measurement at emission wavelength of 515 nm. Irradiation with doses inducing reproductive death (2.5-20 Gy) causes a pHin shift towards the alkaline region by 0.4-0.5 pH units, but this shift is transient. Irradiation with a 500 Gy dose, inducing interphase death, causes a more pronounced (pHin greater than or equal to 8.0) alkalization of the intracellular medium which is retained for more than 1.5 hours post irradiation. It is proposed that the observed alkalization of the internal medium of irradiated cells is possibly due to a change in the functional state of mitochondria. These changes are probably one of the causes of interphase cell death after irradiation with high doses. PMID- 6609146 TI - Yields of radiation-induced main chain scission of poly U in aqueous solution: strand break formation via base radicals. AB - The G values for single-strand breaks G(ssb) in polyuridylic acid (poly U) have been measured by low-angle laser light scattering in aqueous solutions under various conditions (e.g. in the presence of N2O, Ar and t-butanol). In N2O saturated solutions at room temperature and pH 5.6, the G(ssb) is 2.3. The efficiency of ssb formation was found to be 41 per cent for OH radicals, 19 per cent for H atoms and congruent to zero for e-aq. On the basis of 20 per cent and less than 5 per cent attack on the sugar moiety by OH radicals and H atoms, respectively, the large G(ssb) values obtained cannot be explained solely as resulting from radicals produced by reaction of OH radicals and H atoms on the sugar moiety. It is therefore proposed that base radicals produced by the reaction of OH radicals or H atoms with the uracil moiety can also lead to chain break formation in poly U via radical transfer to the sugar moiety. PMID- 6609147 TI - Difference in radiosensitivity of valyl-tRNA synthetases isolated from chick embryo liver and brain. AB - The sensitivity in vitro against gamma-radiation of valyl-tRNA synthetase (VRS) from chick embryo brain proved to be higher than that of liver VRS. In order to study this phenomenon properties of VRS isolated from both organs were compared. Both enzymes have the same molecular weight (Mr = 110 000) determined by equilibrium sedimentation and by gel filtration. Electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate showed no evidence for subunit structure. The optimal reaction conditions in valyl-tRNA formation were found to be the same, except the pH values. Km values of the reactions were also similar. Both enzymes reacted with the tRNAs isolated from the other organ. The stability during storage of the liver VRS was higher than that of the brain VRS. In the brain VRS molecule one buried and eleven free SH groups could be detected and divided into three classes with different reactivities. In 1 mol of liver VRS one buried and nine free thiol groups were determined and these could be divided only into two classes. These observations suggest the existence of two VRS isoenzymes with different radiosensitivities: the more sensitive occurs mainly in brain and the less sensitive mainly in the liver of chick embryo. PMID- 6609148 TI - Radiolysis of nucleosides in aqueous solutions: base liberation by the base attack mechanism. AB - On the radiolysis of uridine and some other nucleosides in aqueous solution, a pH dependent liberation of uracil or the corresponding base was found. e-aq and HO .2 gave no freed bases, although many oxidizing radicals, including OH, Cl-.2, Br .2, (CNS)-.2 and SO-.4, did cause the release of unaltered bases, depending on the pH of the solutions. The base yields were generally high at pH greater than or equal to 11, with the exception of SO-.4, which gave a rather high yield of uracil (from uridine) even in the pH region of less than or equal to 11. The pattern of the base formation against pH varied with the reacting radical, but was the same for the different nucleosides. With regard to the OH radical system, bases are considered to be formed after H-abstraction of the sugar moiety at low pH. The other oxidizing radicals, however, may cause base release by attack at the base. It is possible that O-, present at high pH as the dissociated form of OH, may act partly as an oxidizing radical. A plausible mechanism of 31'-radical formation is discussed. PMID- 6609149 TI - Radiosensitizing effect of 2-nitrobenzofurans on V79 cells. PMID- 6609150 TI - Correlation between emotional reaction to loss of an unborn child and lymphocyte response to mitogenic stimulation in women. PMID- 6609151 TI - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the province of Parma, Italy: a clinical and epidemiological study in the period 1960-1980. AB - A clinical and epidemiological study on ALS was conducted in the province of Parma, Italy, in the period 1960-1980. A total of 78 cases was collected from hospital records. The average annual incidence was 0.93 per 100,000 with no difference between rural and urban areas. On prevalence day (October 24, 1971) a prevalence rate of 2.27 was found. Mean age at onset was 59 years, with no sex difference. In 70% of cases the onset was between 50 and 70 years, this datum being statistically significant (p less than 0.001). Mean duration of the disease was 30.4 +/- 20 months, with no difference for sex and age at onset. A comparison was then made between two decades (1961-70 vs 1971-80), in order to verify the clinical impression of a worsening of some ALS parameters in recent years. Although statistical evaluation did not show any significant data, a tendency to a worsening of some parameters of the disease may be postulated. PMID- 6609152 TI - [Pyoderma vegetans of facial orifices in T-cell immunodeficiency]. AB - This is a report of a 24-year follow-up of a man now 33 years of age, who suffers almost continuously from severe inflammatory lesions of the lips, nose and eyelids, with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections since early childhood. The condition, previously described as "pyo-rhino-blepharo-stomatitis vegetans (McCarthy)", was treated with systemic corticosteroids and antimicrobial agents for years, but failed to improve until the immune status of the patient was checked after withdrawal of the steroids. T lymphocytes were found to be abnormal as to count in peripheral blood and various functional qualities determined in vivo and in vitro. For treatment, levamisole and thymopoietin pentapeptide (TP-5) were given. Subsequently each drug induced rapid and complete clearing of all lesions, but was followed by the recurrence of facial periorificial lesions after drug withdrawal. Change of the regimen by administering either inosiplex orally or commercial calf thymus extract parenterally, remained ineffective. During therapy with levamisole as well as TP 5, the number of T lymphocytes in peripheral blood normalized, yet impaired functions failed to improve. There was an elevated ratio of T-suppressor/T inducer cells in blood using OKT antibodies. In vitro testing of different functions of polymorphonuclear leucocytes revealed normal results except for a slight decrease of chemotactic activity during levamisole. In view of the long clinical course, the mass of clinical and immunological data collected over decades, and the therapeutic results as a whole, the disease can be characterized as a peculiar type of pluriorificial pyoderma vegetans, caused by a distinct immunodeficiency of T lymphocytes. PMID- 6609153 TI - Terminal steps of bacteriochlorophyll a phytol formation in purple photosynthetic bacteria. AB - Four chemically different bacteriochlorophylls (Bchls) a esterified with geranylgeraniol, dihydrogeranylgeraniol, tetrahydrogeranylgeraniol, and phytol have been detected by high-pressure liquid chromatography in cell extracts from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides and Chromatium vinosum. Bchl a containing phytol is the principal component, and the other three Bchls a comprise about 4% of the total Bchls a in stationary-phase cells of R. sphaeroides and C. vinosum. The high levels of the minor pigments occur in the beginning of Bchl a phytol formation, indicating that they are not degradation products, but intermediates of Bchl a phytol formation. PMID- 6609154 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the 5' region of the Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase gene: comparison with the B. amyloliquefaciens gene. AB - The DNA sequence of the 5' region of the Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase gene is reported. Comparison of the inferred amino acid sequence of the B. licheniformis alpha-amylase gene with that of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens gene shows that whereas the amino acid sequences of the mature proteins have considerable homology, the sequences for the signal peptides are distinct. PMID- 6609155 TI - Alteration in penicillin-binding patterns during cell cycle of Caulobacter crescentus. AB - Alteration in penicillin-binding patterns during asymmetrical cell division in the cell cycle of Caulobacter crescentus was examined. Most penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) were turned over slowly, and their penicillin-binding patterns did not alter appreciably during the cell cycle. One of the PBPs, PBP S2 in the soluble fraction, however, was turned over quickly and was detected only in swarmer cells, suggesting that PBP S2 is synthesized in swarmer cells and turned over and/or inactivated in the following stalked cell cycle. PMID- 6609157 TI - Evidence from oxygen exchange studies that the two heads of myosin are functionally different. AB - Recent studies of oxygen exchange have shown that there are two normal pathways for the hydrolysis of MgATP by myosin in the presence of actin, each producing Pi at the same rate. These two apparent pathways for actin-activated hydrolysis differ greatly in the extent of oxygen exchange they support. This is revealed by an analysis of the distribution of [18O]Pi species produced by the hydrolysis of [gamma-18O]ATP. We have extended these studies to certain abnormal substrates, using Mn2+ in place of Mg2+, and dATP or ITP in place of ATP. The results, together with past findings, lead to the proposal that the two heads of myosin are functionally different. One of these (Head 1) is able to reversibly cleave bound MgATP and thereby support oxygen exchange while it is free of actin; the other (Head 2) cannot cleave bound MgATP at its active site while free of actin. However, in the presence of actin, both Head 1 and Head 2 cleave bound MgATP, support some oxygen exchange, and produce Pi at the same rapid actin-activated rate. Apparently, MgATP is positioned differently on the two heads when they are free of actin, with Mg2+ and the 6-amino group of ATP playing an important role in the orientation. This proposed difference between the heads could serve to make Head 1 react first with the actin filament, followed by Head 2. Thus, in muscle, the two heads on a myosin cross-bridge would interact with an actin filament and exert their pull in a fixed sequence. PMID- 6609156 TI - Characterization of the glucocorticoid receptor. Comparison of wild type and variant receptors. AB - We have measured the size of the glucocorticoid receptors from two murine lymphoid cell lines, one displaying a wild type cytolytic response to hormone, the other a resistant variant. Using radiation inactivation and target analysis, we first compared the nuclear and cytoplasmic forms of the steroid receptors in a wild type line, WEHI 7.1 (W7). Within the variation expected for this type of measurement (+/- 14%), the nuclear and cytoplasmic forms have the same size, 75,000 and 79,000 daltons, respectively. We have also measured the size of the receptor in a hormone-insensitive "nuclear transfer-increased" (nti) variant (S49 143R). In contrast to reports indicating that the nti phenotype is associated with a much smaller cytoplasmic receptor, we found little or no difference in sizes of translocated receptor in wild type and nti cells. We have found significant differences, however, in the release of wild type and nti receptors from nuclei by nuclease digestion, salt, and spermidine. Approximately 80% of the nti receptor was readily released from nuclei incubated with micrococcal nuclease, while only 40-50% of the wild type receptor was released under similar conditions. The wild type nuclei also contained a fraction of receptor (approximately 30%) which was resistant to extraction by NaCl and spermidine. This fraction was greatly diminished in the nti nuclei. Thus, a portion of the wild type receptors appears to be stabilized within the nuclei, possibly through a type of interaction which cannot be sustained by the nti receptor. PMID- 6609158 TI - 5,10-Methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase. Purification and properties of the enzyme from rabbit liver. AB - The enzyme 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase has been purified to homogeneity from rabbit liver. The substrates are MgATP and 5 formyltetrahydrofolate. The enzyme will accept as substrates a variety of divalent metal ions and trinucleotides. The products of the reaction are 5,10 methenyltetrahydrofolate, ADP, and inorganic phosphate. The enzyme is a monomeric protein with a molecular weight of about 28,000. The stability of the enzyme is unusually sensitive to pH and ionic strength. Initial velocity studies suggest that the enzyme catalyzes a sequential mechanism. The turnover number of the enzyme is 300/min at 30 degrees C. The Km values for MgATP and 5 formyltetrahydrofolate are 0.3 mM and 0.5 microM, respectively. Product and dead end inhibition studies indicate that substrates bind to the enzyme by a random mechanism. Vmax and the Km for MgATP are essentially constant over the pH range of 5.0-7.5. The results suggest that the enzyme catalyzes a reaction which serves as a salvage pathway to generate metabolically active one-carbon units from 5 formyltetrahydrofolate. PMID- 6609159 TI - The effect of transcriptional inhibitors on the bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein response to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in osteosarcoma cells. AB - The stimulation of bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein (BGP) synthesis by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) in clonal osteosarcoma cell culture has been analyzed using specific inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis. Addition of actinomycin D or alpha-amanitin simultaneously with 1,25-(OH)2D3 prevented hormonal elevation of BGP levels but did not affect basal BGP synthesis. Neither transcriptional inhibitor had any effect on BGP synthesis in cultures which had already been fully stimulated by 1,25-(OH)2D3. In contrast, the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide blocked BGP synthesis in both untreated and 1,25-(OH)2D3 treated cells. Inhibitor effects on media BGP levels corresponded in all cases to effects on the rapidly turned over intracellular BGP pool. These results support a model of transcriptional control for the action of 1,25-(OH)2D3 and suggest that the hormone elicits a transient burst of transcription of the BGP gene. PMID- 6609160 TI - Roles of cytosol and cytoplasmic particles in nuclear envelope assembly and sperm pronuclear formation in cell-free preparations from amphibian eggs. AB - A cell-free cytoplasmic preparation from activated Rana pipiens eggs could induce in demembranated Xenopus laevis sperm nuclei morphological changes similar to those seen during pronuclear formation in intact eggs. The condensed sperm chromatin underwent an initial rapid, but limited, dispersion. A nuclear envelope formed around the dispersed chromatin and the nuclei enlarged. The subcellular distribution of the components required for these changes was examined by separating the preparations into soluble (cytosol) and particulate fractions by centrifugation at 150,000 g for 2 h. Sperm chromatin was incubated with the cytosol or with the particulate material after it had been resuspended in either the cytosol, heat-treated (60 or 100 degrees C) cytosol or buffer. We found that the limited dispersion of chromatin occurred in each of these ooplasmic fractions, but not in the buffer alone. Nuclear envelope assembly required the presence of both untreated cytosol and particulate material. Ultrastructural examination of the sperm chromatin during incubation in the preparations showed that membrane vesicles of approximately 200 nm in diameter, found in the particulate fraction, flattened and fused together to contribute the membranous components of the nuclear envelope. The enlargement of the sperm nuclei occurred only after the nuclear envelope formed. The pronuclei formed in the cell-free preparations were able to incorporate [3H]dTTP into DNA. This incorporation was inhibited by aphidicolin, suggesting that the DNA synthesis by the pronuclei was dependent on DNA polymerase-alpha. When sperm chromatin was incubated greater than 3 h, the chromatin of the pronuclei often recondensed to form structures resembling mitotic chromosomes within the nuclear envelope. Therefore, it appeared that these ooplasmic preparations could induce, in vitro, nuclear changes resembling those seen during the first cell cycle in the zygote. PMID- 6609161 TI - Emergence of a surface immunoglobulin recycling process during B lymphocyte differentiation. AB - Surface immunoglobulin (Ig)-mediated endocytosis has been investigated in rat B lymphocytes and plasma cells, using horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled sheep anti-rat Ig Fab' fragment of antibody and HRP as monomeric ligands, respectively. Quantitative estimates of HRP activity associated either with plasma membrane or with endomembrane compartments were made in several experimental conditions. Binding of HRP-conjugate on B lymphocytes was followed by its endocytosis in combination with surface Ig, as shown by the progressive disappearance of plasma membrane-associated HRP activity. Between 1 and 6 h at 37 degrees C in presence of conjugate the total amount of cell-associated activity was constant. These results indicate that during this time no reappearance of surface Ig occurred by neosynthesis, by the expression of an intracellular pool or by the recycling in a free form of the previously internalized molecules. On the contrary, at saturating doses, internalization of HRP by anti-HRP plasma cells increased linearly with time at 37 degrees C in presence of antigen, when, during the same time, the plasma membrane HRP-binding capacity remained constant. Cycloheximide did not affect continuous HRP uptake. The existence of a large intracellular pool of receptors has been ruled out by experiments of removal of binding sites with pronase. In addition, monensin caused a progressive decrease in the number of surface receptors on plasma cells but not on B lymphocytes. Our data then indicate that, unlike B lymphocytes, plasma cells were able to recycle their surface Ig. PMID- 6609162 TI - Components of the plasma membrane of growing axons. I. Size and distribution of intramembrane particles. AB - The plasmalemma of mature and growing olfactory axons of the bullfrog has been studied by freeze-fracture. Intramembrane particles (IMPs) of mature olfactory axons are found to be uniformly distributed along the shaft. However, during growth, a decreasing gradient of IMP density is evident along the somatofugal axis. The size histograms of axolemmal IMPs from different segments of growing nerve reveal regional differences in the particle composition. The distribution of each individual size class of particles along the growing nerve forms a decreasing gradient in the somatofugal direction; the slope of these gradients varies directly with particle diameter. These size-dependent density gradients are consistent with a process of lateral diffusion of membrane components that are inserted proximally into the plasma membrane. The membrane composition of the growth cone, however, appears to be independent of these diffusion gradients; it displays a mosaic pattern of discrete domains of high and low particle densities. The relative IMP profiles of these growth cone regions are similar to one another but contain higher densities of large IMPs than the neighboring axonal shaft. The shifting distributions of intramembrane particles that characterize the sprouting neuron give new insights into cellular processes that may underlie the establishment of the functional polarity of the neuron and into the dynamics of axolemmal maturation. PMID- 6609163 TI - Components of the plasma membrane of growing axons. II. Diffusion of membrane protein complexes. AB - Intramembrane particles (IMPs) of the plasmalemma of mature, synapsing neurons are evenly distributed along the axon shaft. In contrast, IMPs of growing olfactory axons form density gradients: IMP density decreases with increasing distance from the perikarya, with a slope that depends upon IMP size (Small, R., and K. H. Pfenninger, 1984, J. Cell Biol., 98: 1422-1433). These IMP density gradients resemble Gaussian tails, but they are much more accurately described by the equations formulated for diffusion in a system with a moving boundary (a Stefan Problem), using constants that are dependent upon IMP size. The resulting model predicts a shallow, nearly linear IMP density profile at early stages of growth. Later, this profile becomes gradually transformed into a steep nonlinear gradient as axon elongation proceeds. This prediction is borne out by the experimental evidence. The diffusion coefficients calculated from this model range from 0.5 to 1.8 X 10(-7) cm2/s for IMPs between 14.8 and 3.6 nm, respectively. These diffusion coefficients are linearly dependent upon the inverse IMP diameter in accordance with the Stokes-Einstein relationship. The measured viscosity is approximately 7 centipoise. Our findings indicate (a) that most IMPs in growing axons reach distal locations by lateral diffusion in the plasma membrane, (b) that IMPs--or complexes of integral membrane proteins--can diffuse at considerably higher rates than previously reported for iso concentration systems, and (c) that the laws of diffusion determined for macroscopic systems are applicable to the submicroscopic membrane system. PMID- 6609165 TI - Semi-micro quantitative analysis of complex urinary steroid mixtures in healthy and diseased states. AB - A method for the determination of urinary steroid hormones in healthy and diseased states is described. The use of a Van den Berg all-glass injector coupled to a fused silica column has shown a dramatic increase in sensitivity and a significant reduction in gas chromatography analytical time. The increase in sensitivity also eliminates the need for processing large volumes of urine. The method has proven to be rapid, precise, reproducible and sensitive. Also, column life is increased due to the absence of solvent. This technique has shown to have broad applications in the analysis of such classes of compounds as sugars, steroids, prostaglandins and fatty acids. PMID- 6609164 TI - The influence of basal lamina on the accumulation of acetylcholine receptors at synaptic sites in regenerating muscle. AB - If skeletal muscles are damaged in ways that spare the basal lamina sheaths of the muscle fibers, new myofibers develop within the sheaths and neuromuscular junctions form at the original synaptic sites on them. At the regenerated neuromuscular junctions, as at the original ones, the muscle fiber plasma membrane is characterized by infoldings and a high concentration of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs). The aim of this study was to determine whether or not the synaptic portion of the myofiber basal lamina sheath plays a direct role in the formation of the subsynaptic apparatus on regenerating myofibers, a question raised by the results of earlier experiments. The junctional region of the frog cutaneous pectoris muscle was crushed or frozen, which resulted in disintegration and phagocytosis of all cells at the synapse but left intact much of the myofiber basal lamina. Reinnervation was prevented. When new myofibers developed within the basal lamina sheaths, patches of AChRs and infoldings formed preferentially at sites where the myofiber membrane was apposed to the synaptic region of the sheaths. Processes from unidentified cells gradually came to lie on the presynaptic side of the basal lamina at a small fraction of the synaptic sites, but there was no discernible correlation between their presence and the effectiveness of synaptic sites in accumulating AChRs. We therefore conclude that molecules stably attached to the myofiber basal lamina at synaptic sites direct the formation of subsynaptic apparatus in regenerating myofibers. An analysis of the distribution of AChR clusters at synaptic sites indicated that they formed as a result of myofiber-basal lamina interactions that occurred at numerous places along the synaptic basal lamina, that their presence was not dependent on the formation of plasma membrane infoldings, and that the concentration of receptors within clusters could be as great as the AChR concentration at normal neuromuscular junctions. PMID- 6609166 TI - Simple and micro high-performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of p-aminohippuric acid and iothalamate in biological fluids. AB - A simple, rapid and micro high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for separate or simultaneous determination of p-aminohippuric acid and iothalamate in plasma and urine using p-aminobenzoic acid as an internal standard. The method involved deproteinizing samples with two volumes of acetonitrile followed by injection of 5 microliters of deproteinized supernatant onto a C18 reversed-phase column. The mobile phase contained 3.5% acetonitrile in 0.04% phosphoric acid and flowed at a rate of 1.5 ml/min. The column effluent was monitored by an ultraviolet detector at 254 nm. Retention times for p aminohippuric acid, iothalamate and p-aminobenzoic acid were approximately 4.5, 6 and 8 min, respectively. This method requires as little as 5 microliters of sample and can be used to measure accurately down to 1 microgram/ml p aminohippuric acid and 0.5 microgram/ml iothalamate in plasma samples. The coefficients of variation of the assay with or without the use of internal standard were generally low (below 7%). No interferences from endogenous substances or any drugs tested were found. PMID- 6609167 TI - Comparative laboratory evaluation of three antigen detection methods for diagnosis of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid, urine, serum, and other body fluid specimens from pediatric patients with systemic disease were tested with Bactigen latex agglutination (555 specimens), Phadebact coagglutination (319 specimens), and counterimmunoelectrophoresis (335 specimens) for the presence of Haemophilus influenzae type b antigen. All three methods showed good sensitivity for detecting antigen in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with culture-positive meningitis (greater than or equal to 86% sensitivity). However, coagglutination and counterimmunoelectrophoresis were much less sensitive (less than or equal to 40%) than latex agglutination (96%) for detecting antigen in other body fluid specimens in culture-positive, nonmeningeal H. influenzae disease. Bactigen latex agglutination was also more sensitive than the other procedures for detecting antigen in specimens from patients with culture-negative, presumed H. influenzae disease. Comparative testing of fluids spiked with known quantities of purified H. influenzae b polyribosephosphate capsular polysaccharide revealed an apparent 100-fold greater sensitivity with Bactigen as compared with the other two methods. Although all three methods showed good specificity (greater than 98%), both agglutination methods gave a few false-positive results. In a clinical setting where both meningeal and nonmeningeal H. influenzae b disease are encountered frequently, Bactigen latex agglutination appears to be superior to coagglutination and counterimmunoelectrophoresis for detecting antigen in body fluids. PMID- 6609168 TI - Distribution and relationship to serotype of Haemophilus influenzae biotypes isolated from upper respiratory tracts of children and adults in Papua New Guinea. AB - The relationship between serotypes and biotypes of 505 carriage strains of Haemophilus influenzae isolated from the upper respiratory tracts of well children, children with pneumonia, and healthy adults was studied. All except serotype c were significantly associated with one or two specific biotypes (P less than 0.001). No encapsulated organisms belonging to biotypes V, VI, or VII were encountered. No significant difference in the interaction of biotypes and serotypes isolated from well and sick children was present. Both encapsulated and nonserotypable biotype I H. influenzae strains were commonly carried in the upper respiratory tracts of healthy Melanesian children. The distribution of nonserotypable H. influenzae strains occurred throughout all biotypes, and the frequency of nonencapsulated biotype III and IV strains differed significantly from serotypable organisms with the same biotype (P less than 0.001). PMID- 6609169 TI - Induction of human interleukin-1 by a product of Staphylococcus aureus associated with toxic shock syndrome. AB - Certain strains of Staphylococcus aureus associated with toxic shock syndrome elaborate material that induces human blood monocytes to secrete interleukin-1 (IL-1). IL-1 was detected both by its ability to cause fever in rabbits using the leukocytic pyrogen (LP) assay and by its mitogenic activity towards thymocytes in the so-called lymphocyte-activating factor (LAF) assay. Anti-human IL-1 prevents the manifestation of both activities. Filtrates of control strains of S. aureus manifest neither activity. Thus, culture filtrates derived from toxic shock syndrome (TSS)-associated strains cause biphasic fever in rabbits when injected intravenously. The fever lasts several hours. Plasma taken at the peak of the fever and injected into a second set of rabbits produces a brief monophasic fever typical of LP. Further, human monocytes release LP when incubated with TSS filtrates in vitro. The monocyte products also stimulate the proliferation of mouse thymocytes in the presence of phytohemagglutinin in a manner characteristic of LAF. A bacterial filtrate is much less effective without an intermediate incubation with monocytes. The stimulation of monocyte IL-1 production is easily quantified, provides a simple method of assaying the TSS toxin, and since it involves human cells, is directly relevant to the human disease. The assay was used to monitor the purification of TSS toxin. Only 0.1 ng/ml of the purified material is required to induce monocyte IL-1 production. It is thus more potent than endotoxin. In contrast to endotoxin, its effect is not blocked by polymyxin B. We conclude that in TSS the sudden fever and probably other components of the acute phase response may be attributed to a massive release of IL-1. PMID- 6609170 TI - Antibody synthesis by bone marrow cells in vitro following primary and booster tetanus toxoid immunization in humans. AB - Normal volunteers received either initial or booster immunization with tetanus toxoid. Bone marrow and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained for up to 28 d after immunization and were analyzed for synthesis of total Ig and specific antibodies to tetanus toxoid. Cells were cultured in vitro for 3 or 7 d with or without pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Synthesis of IgG and IgM antibodies to tetanus (IgG-Tet and IgM-Tet) and total IgG and IgM was determined by radioimmunoassay. Four functional B cell subpopulations were detected in the bone marrow after booster tetanus immunization: (a) B cells that spontaneously synthesized IgG-Tet appeared on day 7 after immunization but were undetectable by day 21; (b) B cells that synthesized IgG-Tet after stimulation with PWM appeared after day 21 and persisted for greater than 1 mo; (c) B cells that synthesized IgM-Tet in the presence of PWM were detectable before and after immunization; and (d) B cells that spontaneously synthesized IgM-Tet appeared on day 7 and were undetectable by day 21. In contrast to the other three types of bone marrow B cells described, this fourth subpopulation of PWM-independent IgM-Tet synthesizing B cells was not detected in the peripheral blood. After primary immunization, no spontaneous antibody-producing cells were detected in the blood or bone marrow, although there was a small rise in IgM-Tet in two of three subjects. In the bone marrow, only IgM-Tet PWM-inducible cells were seen, although mitogen-responsive IgM and IgG-Tet cells were detected in the circulation. The IgM-Tet PWM-reactive cells were present even before primary antigen exposure and appear to represent the initial B cells involved in the antibody response. These data indicate that there are specific times after immunization when different functional classes of anti-Tet-synthesizing B cells and memory B cells appear in human bone marrow. Knowledge of these data may be important in developing a strategy for the transfer of immune memory from donors to recipients in the setting of bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 6609172 TI - Child abuse and neglect on Oahu, Hawaii: description and analysis of four purported risk factors. AB - Four factors are commonly considered to indicate "high risk" for child abuse/neglect: (1) low birth weight, (2) young maternal age, (3) mother with single marital status, and (4) low socioeconomic status (SES). These factors were investigated for Oahu, Hawaii, in four separate retrospective studies (using 100 abused cases and 100 controls), to evaluate their usefulness for screening at delivery. Data were obtained from a sample of 2,036 confirmed cases, during the period from 1977 to 1979. Contrary to many studies from mainland United States, low birth weight and single marital status were not associated with increased risk of child abuse/neglect. Single marital status in Hawaii may not be associated with increased risk because it does not have the same social and cultural connotations as it does on the mainland United States. This observation suggests a need to consider regional and cultural variations in investigating and screening for child abuse/neglect. PMID- 6609171 TI - Kinetics of the Factor XIa catalyzed activation of human blood coagulation Factor IX. AB - The kinetics of activation of human Factor IX by human Factor XIa was studied by measuring the release of a trichloroacetic acid-soluble tritium-labeled activation peptide from Factor IX by a modification of a method described for bovine Factor IX activation by Zur and Nemerson (Zur, M., and Y. Nemerson, 1980, J. Biol. Chem., 255:5703-5707). Initial rates of trichloroacetic acid-soluble 3H release were linear over 10-30 min of incubation of Factor IX (88 nM) with CaCl2 (5 mM) and with pure (greater than 98%) Factor XIa (0.06-1.3 nM), which was prepared by incubating human Factor XI with bovine Factor XIIa. Release of 3H preceded the appearance of Factor IXa activity, and the percentage of 3H released remained constant when the mole fraction of 3H-labeled and unlabeled Factor IX was varied and the total Factor IX concentration remained constant. A linear correlation (r greater than 0.98, P less than 0.001) was observed between initial rates of 3H-release and the concentration of Factor XIa, measured by chromogenic assay and by radioimmunoassay and added at a Factor IX:Factor XIa molar ratio of 70-5,600. Kinetic parameters, determined by Lineweaver-Burk analysis, include Km (0.49 microM) of about five- to sixfold higher than the plasma Factor IX concentration, which could therefore regulate the reaction. The catalytic constant (kcat) (7.7/s) is approximately 20-50 times higher than that reported by Zur and Nemerson (Zur, M., and Y. Nemerson, 1980, J. Biol. Chem., 255:5703-5707) for Factor IX activation by Factor VIIa plus tissue factor. Therefore, depending on the relative amounts of Factor XIa and Factor VIIa generated in vivo and other factors which may influence reaction rates, these kinetic parameters provide part of the information required for assessing the relative contributions of the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways to Factor IX activation, and suggest that the Factor XIa catalyzed reaction is physiologically significant. PMID- 6609173 TI - Quantitative light and scanning electron microscopic study of the developing auditory organs in the bullfrog: implications on their functional characteristics. AB - During postmetamorphic development in the bullfrog, there is a downward shift in the distributions of best excitatory frequencies (BEFs) of the three populations of primary auditory fibers. This decrease in BEF distribution suggests that concurrent morphological changes occur in the peripheral auditory system during postmetamorphic growth. The postmetamorphic development of the auditory organs in the bullfrog was quantitatively investigated with light and scanning electron microscopy. In the basilar papilla, there are dramatic increases in the lumen volume, contact membrane area, and mass of the tectorial membrane (TM). The area of the sensory epithelium and the total number of hair cells also increase slightly. In the amphibian papilla, the mass of the TM is spatially graded in a step-wise fashion along the length of the organ in both juvenile and adult bullfrogs, but there is an increase in the absolute mass of the TM throughout the papilla with age. The height of the tallest stereocilia of the predominant hair cell type systematically decreases caudally in the juvenile amphibian papilla, but is uniform throughout the adult papilla. The increase in stereociliary height in the caudal end of the organ presumably results in a decrease in stereociliary stiffness with postmetamorphic age. The length of the amphibian papilla sensory epithelium and the number of hair cells also increase during postmetamorphic development. Theoretically, the observed morphological changes alter the micromechanical tuning properties of the auditory organs so that there is a decrease in the BEFs of the auditory fibers that innervate the two papillae. PMID- 6609174 TI - Growth and death of cells of the mesencephalic fifth nucleus in Rana pipiens larvae. AB - Positions, numbers, and nuclear sizes of mesencephalic fifth nucleus M-V) cells were determined in Rana pipiens larvae in stages XIII through the end of metamorphosis at stage XXV, in a few just postmetamorphic juveniles, and in adults. M-V cells are found throughout the tectum, with the greatest concentrations just anterior to each optic ventricle, and along the medioanterior aspect of each ventricle. Some cells lie below these levels, adjacent to the ependyma of the expanded aqueduct, the mesencephalic ventricle; a very few cells occur in the anterior medullary velum and in the adjacent anterior cerebellum. Up to 879 M-V cells were seen in single animals in stages XIV-XVIII, with mean values near 650 cells. Pyknotic M-V cells appear in all stages from XVII through XXV, and possibly in the youngest juveniles. Peak rates of cell loss occur at stage XXI, some 4-5 days after the forelimbs have emerged. Mean postmetamorphic cell numbers are about 350, suggesting an average M-V cell loss of 300 per animal. Nuclear cross-sectional areas are 72 microns2 at stage XIII, slightly above the size of such cells in hypophysectomized tadpoles. Nuclear growth is progressive to 102-111 microns2 at stages XXI-XXV. Adult sizes increase to a mean of 121 microns2. Hypophysectomized animals display pyknotic cells only after the tadpoles have been strongly stimulated by thyroid hormone, as demonstrated by significant growth of the legs and of the M-V cells themselves. PMID- 6609175 TI - Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia versus CREST syndrome: can serology aid diagnosis? AB - Because the telangiectasia of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) and the CREST variant of scleroderma may be indistinguishable, we have tested the sera of eight patients with HHT for the presence of antinuclear (ANA) and anticentromere antibodies (ACA). In contrast to patients with the CREST syndrome, none of the sera of patients with HHT had elevated levels of ANA and a search for ACA was negative. Therefore, the presence of ACA may help differentiate the patient with CREST from the patient with HHT. PMID- 6609176 TI - Second malignancies in cutaneous T cell lymphoma. AB - Among sixty-three cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) patients seen over a 15-year period at the Duke University Medical Center (DUMC), 15.9% had a second malignancy. This is a higher frequency of second malignancies than has been documented previously in any series of CTCL patients. We evaluated the incidence of subsequent primary malignancies in these CTCL patients by comparing our series of patients to a general population. The overall cancer incidence rate in the CTCL patients was 2.4 times, and in white male patients 3.3 times, greater than expected. We also compared various characteristics of CTCL patients with and without a second malignancy to evaluate potential predisposing factors. A history of prior chemotherapy and a family history of malignancy among first order relatives were more common among CTCL patients who developed a second malignancy. PMID- 6609177 TI - Photochemotherapy for cutaneous T cell lymphoma. A follow-up study. AB - In 1975 we started a prospective study on oral methoxsalen photochemotherapy (PUVA) in cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL). The first short-term follow-up of nineteen patients (1978) showed that PUVA may induce long-lasting remission in early stages, and that eventual relapses respond comparably well when PUVA is resumed. We now present the follow-up data of the original nineteen patients, covering a period of up to 7 years, and of an additional twenty-five patients who have entered the trial since April, 1977. Similar to earlier reports, all patients with eczematoid and plaque lesions (stages IA and IB) cleared. Likewise, eczematoid and plaque lesions in patients with early tumors (stage IIB) were cleared. During a mean follow-up of 44 months, 55% of stage IA patients and 39% of stage IB patients remained free of disease. In patients who experienced relapses, the mean disease-free interval was 20 months for stage IA and 17 months for stage IB. All patients with stage IIB experienced multiple relapses and only three of seven were alive after 6 years, despite additional x-ray or cytotoxic therapy. The observation in this study that five of nine stage IA patients and ten of twenty-six stage IB patients have remained in continuous remission after a single PUVA course for up to 79 months indicates that PUVA may induce long lasting disease-free intervals if used in the early stage of disease. However, the observation period still does not prove whether permanent cure can be achieved in some cases or not. PMID- 6609178 TI - [Functioning of the vestibular apparatus as a gyroscopic system in biplane rotation]. PMID- 6609179 TI - Coronary artery bypass surgery morbidity. AB - A retrospective analysis was undertaken of 365 consecutive patients, 75 women and 290 men with a mean age of 59.9 +/- 9.7 years, who had coronary artery bypass surgery during 1981. Complications classified as major were: mediastinal hemorrhage, pericardial tamponade, wound dehiscence, sternal osteomyelitis, myocardial infarction, bacterial endocarditis, dissecting aneurysm and diabetes insipidus. Complications classified as minor were: atrial fibrillation, postpericardiotomy syndrome, cellulitis, thrombophlebitis and phrenic nerve palsy. There were 48 patients (13%) with 52 major complications. Age more than 60 years, cardiopulmonary bypass time longer than 150 minutes, aortic cross-clamp time longer than 100 minutes, number of grafts greater than five and presence of diabetes mellitus were significantly associated with major complications. Complications tended to occur more frequently in women, obese patients and those with emergency operation or ejection fraction less than 30%, but the associations were not statistically significant. Physicians referring patients for coronary artery surgery should be cognizant of the incidence of morbidity along with the other risks and benefits when considering coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 6609180 TI - Coronary revascularization in the elderly patient. AB - A total of 1,275 elderly patients (70 years and older) underwent coronary artery bypass alone from 1970 to 1981. The percent of elderly patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery alone increased from 2.04% in 1971 to 8.2% in 1981. Most of the patients had severe, disabling or unstable angina pectoris. The overall early mortality rate was 5.8%. The early mortality rate was 13.9% in the first group (1970 to 1975) of 158 patients compared with 4.7% in the second group (1976 to 1981) of 1,117 patients. An average of 3.1 bypass grafts per patient were implanted. On follow-up examination, angina was relieved or decreased in 89% of the patients. The 5 year survival rate was 80.6% and the 10 year survival rate was 44.1%, with an average attrition of 3.9 and 5.6%/year, respectively. It is concluded that elderly patients are high risk surgical candidates, yet the risk has decreased progressively because of improved techniques of medical and surgical management and myocardial preservation. This decreasing operative mortality rate provides evidence that when medical management of the elderly patient with severe angina fails, coronary artery bypass becomes a successful alternative. PMID- 6609181 TI - Unsettled indications for coronary angiography. PMID- 6609182 TI - Kimura's disease: report of a pediatric case in the United States. AB - A 14-year-old male adolescent is described with a 6-year history of active lymphadenopathy, skin rash, peripheral blood eosinophilia, and markedly elevated serum-IgE level. Complete histopathologic and immunologic evaluations established the diagnosis of Kimura's disease as first described in Japan. Because of its relative infrequency and varied features, this disorder can be difficult to diagnose when it is encountered in the United States. PMID- 6609183 TI - Detection of immunologically sensitized isocyanate workers by RAST and intracutaneous skin tests. AB - Antibody estimations by RAST were performed on 621 partially selected isocyanate workers whose case histories were well-documented. Two hundred forty-seven of the workers were clinically suspected to be sensitized to isocyanates since they had suffered from occupationally related recurrent asthmatic attacks, chronic obstructive lung diseases, bronchitis, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions, and/or fever. RAST studies with seven different isocyanates conjugated to human serum albumin (HSA) demonstrated that 14% of these symptomatic subjects had significant levels of specific-IgE antibodies. On the other hand, only one of the 374 asymptomatic workers had such antibodies. In contrast to toluene diisocyanate (80:20% mixture of 2, 4 and 2, 6-isomers, if not otherwise mentioned)-HSA, a toluene diisocyanate-ovalbumin conjugate exhibited no antigenicity in nearly all of the cases. Intracutaneous skin testing with five different isocyanate-HSA conjugates performed in 203 workers produced immediate type wheel-and-flare reactions in 14 of the 53 symptomatic persons but in none of the 150 asymptomatic probands. There was a good overall correlation between RAST and skin test results. Our findings provide strong evidence for IgE-mediated sensitization to isocyanates in a subgroup of the subjects with isocyanate induced diseases. By means of RAST and/or skin testing these immunologically sensitized persons can be identified. PMID- 6609184 TI - [PHZ-102 (epidermal growth factor) and cicatrization of the corneal epithelium]. AB - Epidermal Growth Factor is a polypeptide isolated from mouse submaxillary glands and evaluated by histological studies. The healing of 7.3 mm diameter central corneal epithelial wounds after treatment with epidermal Growth Factor was measured by standardized photography. The results suggest that topically administrated Epidermal Growth Factor, at a frequency of four (p less than 0.02) and six (p less than 0.001) times daily, significantly increases the corneal epithelial healing rate compared to the vehicle control. Histological examination of the control eyes enucleated after seven days of treatment showed an epithelium four to five layers in thickness. The basal cells had a round shape and round, centrally-positioned nuclei. The Epidermal Growth Factor treated group (six times daily) had an epithelial thickness of five to six layers. The basal cells were taller and more tightly-packed with oval nuclei oriented towards the apex of the cell. PMID- 6609185 TI - Biological activity of lymphocytotoxic antibodies in Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. AB - Sera of 48 patients with Graves' disease (GD) and 23 with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) were tested for lymphocytotoxic (LCT), granulocytotoxic (GCT) and monocytotoxic (MCT) activity. In GD, 12 patients (25%) had cold-reacting LCT and 13 patients (27%) had warm-reacting LCT. LCT were cytotoxic to both B and T cells but the majority of sera with cold-reacting LCT and eluates from lymphocytes were more cytotoxic to B lymphocytes. Warm-reacting LCT were directed exclusively against B cells. LCT did not correlate with peripheral lymphocyte counts, antithyroglobulin or antimicrosomal antibodies, sex, age, pregnancies, thyroid status or medication. However the mean duration of the disease was 15 months in LCT positive group and 55 months in LCT negative group (p less than 0.01). Weak GCT were found in 8 of 35 sera (23%). Six of 33 sera (18%) contained cold reacting MCT and 9 (27%) had warm-reacting MCT. Some cytotoxins were directed against several types of cells as evidenced by cytotoxicity of eluates from lymphocytes against PMN and/or monocytes. Of 23 patients with HT, 11 (48%) had cold-reacting LCT. None had warm-reacting LCT. Sera and eluates from lymphocytes showed predominant cytotoxicity toward B cells. No correlation to the presence of antibodies, sex, age, pregnancies, thyroid status or medication was detected. Four of 23 sera had weak cold-reacting GCT, 5 had cold-reacting MCT which killed on average 31% of monocytes and 4 had weak warm-reacting MCT. Twelve of 22 sera from GD and HT had cytotoxic activity against thyroid cells (TCT). TCT correlated with LCT at p less than 0.05.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6609186 TI - Osteochondromas of the hand in hereditary multiple exostosis: report of a case presenting as a blocked proximal interphalangeal joint. AB - Blocking of motion of an interphalangeal joint in the hand by an osteochondroma has not been reported previously. Osteochondromas, which are uncommon in the hand, are encountered most frequently in patients with hereditary multiple exostosis. They can occur away from the epiphyseal plate region at the distal end of the proximal and middle phalanges. Osteochondromas that occur in these locations characteristically cause angular and rotational deformities. Early recognition and prompt surgical treatment in this child resulted in full motion with minimal angular deformity. PMID- 6609187 TI - Eosinophilic granuloma of the hand: case report. AB - Eosinophilic granuloma is a destructive lesion of bone representing localized manifestations of histiocytosis X. The cause and pathogenesis remain unknown. A case is reported in which an 11-month-old patient had a destructive lesion of the proximal phalanx of her long finger. Solitary lesions of eosinophilic granuloma of the hand have not been previously described, and the age of this patient is particularly unusual. PMID- 6609188 TI - Immunoprophylaxis against kala-azar. IV (b). Immunization of golden hamsters against Leishmania donovani. PMID- 6609189 TI - Phorbol ester increases the level of interleukin 2 mRNA in mitogen-stimulated human lymphocytes. AB - TPA alone did not induce the production of IL 2 in human tonsillar lymphocytes but enhanced the PHA-induced IL 2 production by seven-fold. That the effect of TPA was due to an increase in IL 2 mRNA was demonstrated by examining the amount of IL 2 mRNA translatable in Xenopus laevis oocytes, and by Northern blotting analysis using IL 2 cDNA as a probe. In these ways, it was shown that TPA alone did not induce any significant IL 2 mRNA synthesis, but when added together with PHA it increased the level of IL 2 mRNA by at least 10-fold, as compared with that induced by PHA alone. PMID- 6609190 TI - Separation and isolation of rat natural killer (NK) cells from T cells with monoclonal antibodies. AB - It has been difficult to clearly differentiate rat NK cells from cytotoxic T cells. In this study we have shown that rat NK cells do not express the T cell protein defined by the OX 19 antibody. By using the FACS we have isolated the OX 19- OX 8+ lymphocyte subset that contains virtually all the NK activity. The simultaneous use of the OX 19 and OX 8 antibodies allows the separation of NK cells from T cells. PMID- 6609191 TI - Mechanism of cell-mediated cytotoxicity at the single cell level. VIII. Kinetics of lysis of target cells bound by more than one cytotoxic T lymphocyte. AB - We measured the effects of having multiple cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) bound to one target cell by using the single-cell cytotoxicity in agarose assay. We found that even though there is variability in the time at which individual target cells are lysed, we can identify a general trend: the mean rate of lysis increases with the number of CTL bound per target cell, reaching a maximum when the CTL-target cell ratio is three. Combining a quantitative model for the rate of lethal hitting in multicellular conjugates with a multi-event model for the rate of target cell disintegration, we developed a new multistage kinetic model for predicting the rate of target cell lysis in multiple lymphocyte-target cell conjugates. The variability in the time at which target cells are hit and the variability in the time until they disintegrate are incorporated into the model. By analyzing our measured data in the context of the multistage kinetic model, we were able to estimate via nonlinear least squares regression the target cell disintegration rate, but not the lethal hitting rate. Lethal hitting appeared to be too fast, when compared with disintegration, to significantly affect the time of target cell lysis. By using previously determined values of the lethal hitting rate for single lymphocyte-target cell conjugates and by postulating that lymphocytes act independently of each other in delivering lethal hits, we were able to estimate the rate at which target cells are hit in multiple-lymphocyte single target cell conjugates. By using this estimate of the lethal hitting rate and the regression estimate of the disintegration rate, the multistage kinetic model gave a quantitative fit to our data. From this analysis, we found that the rate at which a target cell disintegrates after being lethally hit increases with the number of CTL per conjugate. This result is quite surprising, because once the first hit has been received, a target cell can disintegrate in a killer cell independent manner. Under the conditions of our experiment, it appears as if target cell disintegration is not killer cell-independent. Furthermore, our analysis of the time course of target cell disintegration suggests that the process is not governed by simple first order kinetics, but rather by a more complex multistep mechanism. PMID- 6609192 TI - Molecular signals in antigen presentation. II. Activation of cytolytic cells in vitro after ultraviolet radiation or combined gamma and ultraviolet radiation treatment of antigen-presenting cells. AB - Murine low-density spleen cells have potent antigen-presenting ability in a hapten-specific cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) system using the hapten azobenzenearsonate (ABA). Exposure of these cells to 0.33 KJ/m2 of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) after coupling to hapten results in markedly inhibited antigen presenting function that can be substantially corrected or bypassed by interleukin 1 (IL 1). These results have been interpreted to reflect an inhibition of Lyt-1+ T cell activation by UVR-treated APC. Treatment of these cells sequentially with 1500 rad of gamma-radiation (GR) prior to hapten coupling, followed by 0.33 KJ/m2 of UVR radiation after coupling, results in an antigen-presenting defect only minimally improved by IL 1. However, partially purified interleukin 2 (IL 2) can completely bypass or correct this defect. Thus, combined GR and UVR induces a different or more profound defect in APC function when compared to UVR alone. However, these cells do provide a signal(s) other than hapten necessary for CTL activation because ABA-coupled high density spleen cells do not activate CTL cells, even with the addition of IL 2. Fluorescence activated cell sorter analysis demonstrates that exposure of these low density spleen cells to GR or UVR results in decreased I-A antigen expression at 24 hr than either alone. The addition of nonhapten-coupled low-density APC partially reconstitutes the ability of combined GR/UVR-treated LD-APC to present antigen, and this effect is enhanced by the administration of exogenous IL 1. This occurs despite a lack of significant accessory cell activity by the LD-APC for the ABA hapten, and indicates that combined GR/UVR-treatment of APC is not functionally equivalent to completely removing them. PMID- 6609194 TI - The immunocompetence of murine stromal cell-associated thymocytes. AB - Thymocyte subpopulations that associate in vivo with distinct nonlymphoid cells of the thymus have been isolated, and their immunocompetence was analyzed. Previous studies have indicated that greater than 95% of such cells bear a surface antigen phenotype representative of immature thymocytes, and are among the earliest thymic compartments repopulated by bone marrow-derived cells after lethal and sub-lethal irradiation. Stromal cell-associated thymocytes may be activated in vivo because they proliferate well in vitro with no additional stimulus, and show little increase in proliferation with the addition of T cell mitogens or allogeneic spleen cells. Stromal cell-associated T cells contain cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) precursors that are indistinguishable from mature peripheral T cells by the parameters of self tolerance, alloreactivity, H-2 restriction, and stringency of self H-2 preference. CTL precursor frequencies and the cytotoxic activity of cells further separated on the basis of high levels of Thy-1 expression argue against the possibility that stromal cell-associated CTL activity is due solely to contaminating mature lymphocytes. Our data suggest that stromal cell-associated thymocytes represent an intermediate subpopulation of thymocytes that is functionally mature and that expresses an immature surface phenotype. Furthermore, the imposition of self tolerance and MHC restriction specificity appears to be tightly associated with the acquisition of immunocompetence in these thymocyte subpopulations. PMID- 6609193 TI - Interleukin 2 administered in vivo induces the growth of cultured T cells in vivo. AB - The capacity of exogenous IL 2 to induce the growth of antigen-activated T lymphocytes in vivo was evaluated. The in vivo growth of adoptively transferred T lymphocytes that had been previously cultured long-term with IL 2 was initially examined, because in vitro such T cells are exquisitely dependent upon exogenous IL 2 for proliferation and survival. Daily administration of IL 2 in vivo, beginning on the day of cell transfer, induced these IL 2-dependent long-term cultured T lymphocytes to proliferate in vivo, and the magnitude of in vivo growth was proportional to the dose of IL 2 administered. The capacity of IL 2 to induce the in vivo growth of antigen-activated T cells not previously exposed in vitro to exogenous IL 2 was similarly studied. T lymphocytes from the spleens of immune mice, activated by 5-day culture with tumor antigen before transfer, survived poorly in vivo when injected with antigen alone, but demonstrated marked proliferation in vivo in response to antigen and exogenous IL 2. By contrast, immune spleen cells transferred with antigen, but without prior culture, proliferated without supplementary exogenous IL 2. Moreover, the growth of noncultured donor T cells was not augmented by the administration of exogenous IL 2, implying that noncultured spleen cells immune to tumor antigens can produce sufficient amounts of endogenous IL 2 in vivo to sustain maximal T cell growth over the time period examined. Importantly, the ability of exogenous IL 2 to induce donor T cell growth in vivo correlated with its ability to function in vivo to augment the anti-tumor efficacy of specifically immune donor T cells in models for the adoptive therapy of disseminated antigenic murine leukemia. Thus, the current studies highlight the potential of exogenous IL 2 to induce T cell growth in vivo and suggest that the administration of IL 2 in vivo may be useful for augmenting T cell responses that are relatively deficient in the production of endogenous IL 2. PMID- 6609195 TI - Discordant expression of human Ia-like antigens on hematopoietic progenitor cells. AB - The expression of HLA-DR, SB, MT2, and DC antigens on human hematopoietic progenitor cells has been determined by using monoclonal antibodies with complement (C)-mediated cell lysis and immune separation techniques. HLA-DR was detected on greater than 85% of CFU-G/M, myeloid clones (MyCl), BFU-E, and CFU-E. CFU-E were less susceptible to C-mediated lysis at suboptimal C concentrations. The polymorphic MT2 and SB antigens were also present on all categories of progenitor cells, although a lesser proportion of cells were positive. Because in most individuals the antigen density of MT2 and SB, as determined by monoclonal antibody staining, was also lower on B cells and monocytes when compared to HLA DR expression, the lower number of positive progenitor cells probably reflects lower antigen density rather than distinct positive and negative progenitor cell populations. The DC antigen is expressed weakly on monocytes and B cells, although there is considerable individual variation. In some individuals, distinct DC-positive and -negative monocyte populations are detectable. The DC antigen was not detected on myeloid progenitor cells, even in those individuals with moderate DC expression on their monocytes and B cells. This discordant expression of DC and other Ia-like antigens on hematopoietic progenitor cells may be of physiologic significance and may assist in the purification of progenitor cells from blood and marrow. PMID- 6609196 TI - Anti-idiotypic antibodies in a patient with monoclonal rheumatoid factor after pneumococcal bacteremia. AB - A 51-yr-old Japanese female patient with monoclonal IgM gammopathy with rheumatoid factor activity was admitted because of pneumococcal bacteremia. About 2 wk after admission, her rheumatoid factor activity became undetectable by RAHA test and radioimmunoassay, subsequent to the initial marked elevation. The suppressive capacity of the patient's IgG fraction on the rheumatoid activity of her monoclonal IgM on January 11 was determined. The IgG fraction obtained on February 22 blocked the binding of the rheumatoid factor to rabbit IgG. The suppressive activity in the IgG fraction of February 22 was shown to be localized within the F(ab')2 fragment. Furthermore, the specificity of the suppressive serum factor was shown by the inability to block the binding of SRBC coupled with diazotized phosphorylcholine to anti-pneumococcal antibody. Thus, the marked reduction of rheumatoid factor activity was considered to result from anti idiotypic antibody transiently appearing in her serum after pneumococcal bacteremia. PMID- 6609197 TI - Phenotypic and functional characterization of T cell clones derived from the cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients. AB - We describe here T cell cultures and clones established from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of three patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and one chronic meningitis patient with pleocytosis. Most of the cultures were activated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) before growth in mitogen-free interleukin 2 (IL 2), and were never restimulated. Some of the clones obtained have been propagated for over 1 yr and are strictly IL 2-dependent. Immunofluorescence analysis performed with various monoclonal antibodies revealed that the CSF-derived lines had the characteristics of activated T cells with a stable expression of either suppressor/cytotoxic or helper/inducer surface antigens. Most of the clones established had a predominantly suppressor phenotype (OKT8+), except for the clones derived from one MS patient, which expressed only the helper phenotype (anti-Leu-3a+). Consistent with these data, the CSF-derived cultures displayed a variety of immunoregulatory functions, such as the ability to lyse nonspecific and PHA-stimulated target cells, to produce IL 2 upon mitogenic activation, and to modulate polyclonally induced Ig responses. The availability of long-term CSF T cell cultures derived from MS patients at various disease stages might provide a useful tool in investigating the factor(s) involved in the etio-pathogenesis of the disease. PMID- 6609198 TI - Partial purification and characterization of a BCGFII from EL4 culture supernatants. AB - Two B cell growth factor activities have been previously described. One activity, present in the culture supernatants of PMA-induced EL4 is active in a co stimulator assay with normal B cells and anti-immunoglobulin. The other activity is present in the culture supernatants of the alloreactive T cell line C.C3.11.75 and can be assayed in a co-stimulator assay with normal B cells and dextran sulfate or with BCL1 in vivo line B cell tumor. We have termed the first activity BCGFI and the second BCGFII. We have now shown that a very similar BCGFII activity can be obtained from EL4 culture supernatants induced by PMA. This (EL4)BCGFII has an apparent m.w. of 55,000, is eluted from DEAE Sephacel at 0.05 M NaCl, and has a pI of 5.5, which is clearly distinct from the properties of (EL4)BCGFI activity. (EL4)BCGFII activity is similar to but not identical to (DL)BCGFII. It differs from (DL)BCGFII in chromatographic behavior and in the kinetics of the response of BCL1 to the two factors. (EL4)BCGFII activity can be detected in 18 to 24 hr by virtue of its ability to cause in vitro proliferation of in vivo BCL1 tumor B cells. PMID- 6609199 TI - Preparations of lymphotoxin induce resistance to their own cytotoxic effect. AB - Preparations of human lymphotoxins (LT) were effectively cytotoxic to HeLa cells when applied in the presence of cycloheximide (CHI). In the absence of CHI, however, they failed to cause any cell death. Moreover, LT applied in the absence of CHI induced resistance that was reflected in decreased vulnerability to subsequent incubation with LT in the presence of CHI. This induction of resistance to LT, in treating cells with preparations of LT, was quite rapid, reaching its maximal extent within 2 hr of LT application. It could also be observed in cells of other cultured human lines besides HeLa (SV80 and WISH), and the range of LT concentrations at which it was observed was similar to that at which death of cells was induced by LT in the presence of CHI. In fractionating LT preparations on DEAE cellulose, the resistance inducing activity appeared to co-purify with the cytotoxic activity, suggesting that both activities reside in the same molecule. We suggest that LT, or some lymphokines that are formed by lymphocytes concomitantly with the formation of LT, can induce cellular mechanisms that interfere with the cytotoxic activity of LT and that CHI makes the cell sensitive to the cytotoxicity of LT by reducing the activity of these protective mechanisms. This kind of negative feedback regulation in the function of LT might contribute to selectivity in their action. PMID- 6609200 TI - Lymphocyte modulation of fibroblast function in vitro: stimulation and inhibition of collagen production by different effector molecules. AB - Increased collagen deposition is a common feature of granulomatous and nongranulomatous inflammation associated with certain types of cell-mediated immune reactions in vivo. In the present study, we found that normal human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes cultured in vitro and stimulated by antigens or T cell mitogens release a 100 to 170 K m.w., heat-labile, trypsin sensitive protein that stimulates dermal fibroblasts to produce increased quantities of type I and III collagens. Our data suggest that this collagen production protein is of T lymphocyte origin and that it preferentially stimulates production of collagen. We also observed that human mononuclear leukocytes release a different effector molecule with an m.w. of 55 K that inhibits fibroblast collagen production. Mononuclear leukocytes in culture are capable of releasing both the stimulator and the inhibitor of collagen production. The relative amounts of each of these factors elaborated by mononuclear leukocytes in culture appear to be influenced by several variables, such as cell density, type of stimulant used, and the duration of the culture period. These observations suggest that collagen production by fibroblasts in close proximity to sites in vivo where cell-mediated immune reactions are occurring might be regulated by both of these effector molecules. PMID- 6609201 TI - A phosphatidylethanolamine-containing complex on human B cells that mediates rosette formation with mouse erythrocytes. AB - The maturation-associated human B cell rosette receptor (MER) for mouse erythrocytes has been solubilized from B cells by mild trypsinization. It specifically agglutinates mouse red cells. Material with hemagglutinating activity partitioned into the lipid-soluble phase of a Folch partition of the trypsin extract was sensitive to phospholipase C and alkali, and on two dimensional thin layer chromatography, it co-migrated principally with phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Phosphatidylcholine, the major lipid present, was inactive. The relationship of phospholipid structure to hemagglutinating activity has been described. PE in the crude trypsin extract was associated with unidentified glycoprotein and albumin. Material containing hemagglutinating lipid bound to a wheat germ lectin-Sepharose column and was released by N acetylglucosamine, indicating that the PE was complexed with glycoprotein. When the crude trypsin extract or eluate from the lectin column was extracted with aqueous phenol, hemagglutinin in the aqueous phase no longer bound to wheat germ lectin-Sepharose; however, albumin was greatly enriched, indicating that some of the PE exists in a complex with albumin. The molar ratio of PE to albumin was approximately 200:1. After delipidation, this albumin (in molar excess) inhibited hemagglutination by PE in the same way as a recently described subclass of serum albumin. Studies with phospholipase-treated B cells were also consistent with PE being the MER. We conclude that MER is PE, existing in a complex containing glycoprotein and a subclass of albumin. The capacity to form rosettes can be transferred to nonrosetting Raji B cells by the complex, but not pure PE, indicating that the proteins may be involved in orienting PE correctly for it to function as the MER. PMID- 6609203 TI - Cell surface antigen phenotypes of MCF-induced thymic lymphomas in AKR mice. AB - The hypothesis that the surface antigen phenotypes of MCF-MuLV-induced thymic lymphomas in AKR mice are predictable and characteristic of the inducing virus has been tested. Thymic lymphomas induced by two different MCF-MuLV were assayed by flow microfluorometry for their expression of the surface antigens XenCSA, Thy 1.1, Ly-2, Ly-1, 2C2, H-2K, and Ia. In all cases there was an increase in XenCSA levels. The lymphomas could be divided into three categories on the basis of qualitative difference in Ly-2 expression: Ly-2+ tumors, Ly-2- tumors, and tumors with both Ly-2+ and Ly-2- populations. One lymphoma expressed 2C2, an antigen not normally found on thymocytes. Quantitative differences in expression could be found for all antigens. This variation in surface antigen phenotype was independent of the cloned virus MCF used to induce the lymphoma. PMID- 6609202 TI - Human B lymphocytes show greater susceptibility to H2O2 toxicity than T lymphocytes. AB - Lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and from normal subjects were incubated with a glucose-glucose oxidase hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generating system to study the effect of oxidant stress on these cells. Within 4 hr, 90% of normal but only 21% of CLL lymphocytes remained viable. When normal and CLL preparations enriched in B or T cells were exposed to H2O2, B lymphocytes from both groups were highly susceptible to oxidative damage while T lymphocytes were relatively resistant. The H2O2 scavenger catalase prevented the cytotoxicity. The present work identifies the human B lymphocyte as a cell that should be a suitable target for selective killing by H2O2-generating systems. PMID- 6609204 TI - Neoplastic cells obtained from Hodgkin's disease function as accessory cells for mitogen-induced human T cell proliferative responses. AB - Purified human peripheral blood T cells that have been depleted of Ia-bearing cells and adherent cells do not proliferate in response to concanavalin A. The addition of as few as 1% radiated L428 tumor cells restores the proliferative capacity of the T cells. The L428 cell line is a long-term tissue culture line of Reed-Sternberg cells obtained from a patient with Hodgkin's disease. The proliferation of the T cells plus the L428 cells follows the same kinetics and has the same response to varying doses of mitogen as either unfractionated mononuclear leukocytes or purified T cells plus allogeneic adherent cells. The L428 cells are 30 times more potent as accessory cells than allogeneic adherent cells. The accessory cell function of the L428 cells is not blocked in cultures containing anti-Ia antibody. Neither supernatant from the L428 cell cultures nor human IL 1 replaces the accessory cells. The ability of the L428 cells to restore the proliferative capacity of purified T cells isolated from patients with active Hodgkin's disease was also studied. Patients with early stages of the disease had normal proliferative responses in the presence of the L428 accessory cells. However, the proliferative response of the poor prognosis, advanced-stage patients was reduced as compared to age- and sex-matched controls, supporting a deficit in their T cell function. The L428 tumor cells share many properties such as accessory cell function, morphology, and cell surface markers with the dendritic cells described in animal and human systems. PMID- 6609205 TI - A simple procedure for freezing and storing lymphocyte panels in trays. AB - Lymphocytes from different donors may be frozen in Terasaki trays by a simple procedure. This method provides the tissue typing laboratory with a readily available panel that can be routinely used to test for lymphocytotoxic antibodies sera from patients waiting for kidney transplant, transplanted patients and polytransfused individuals. The advantage of this procedure is that expensive programmed freezing apparatus is not required. PMID- 6609206 TI - Harvest of human bone marrow directly from bone. AB - Harvest of human bone marrow directly from freshly resected bone provides purer preparations of marrow than can be obtained by the conventional technique of multiple aspirations from the iliac crests. In particular, directly harvested marrow is much less heavily contaminated with peripheral blood lymphocytes, a known source of mature T cells. Because of the possible relevance of these contaminating T cells for cadaveric bone marrow transplants, the best source of human marrow harvested directly from bone has been studied. Human bone marrow was harvested from 46 surgical specimens and 9 cadaveric tissue donors. Vertebral bodies provided the best source of bone marrow with average yields of 3.1 +/- 1.6 X 10(9) cells per vertebra. When entire ilia were removed and processed for marrow, an average of 1.6 +/- 1.0 X 10(9) cells was obtained. Surgically resected ribs yielded lower amounts of marrow with a mean cell number of 3.2 +/- 2.6 X 10(8) per rib. Isolation of bone marrow mononuclear cells from these preparations by density gradient centrifugation resulted in a loss of 45% of the starting cells. Human bone marrow was found to contain 5-6% T cells before gradient separation and these cells were immunologically competent as measured in vitro by responses to mitogens and alloantigens. This technique may be useful in obtaining human bone marrow for both immunologic studies and allogeneic transplantation. PMID- 6609207 TI - Non-deleterious dinitrophenyl (DNP) hapten labelling of antibody protein. Preparation and properties of some short-chain DNP imidoesters. AB - Methyl 3-(2,4- dinitrophenylamino ) propionimidate hydrochloride (DNP-N-IE), methyl 3-(2,4-dinitrophenyl-N-methylamino) propionimidate hydrochloride (DNP- NMe -IE), and methyl 3-(2,4- dinitrophenylthio ) propionimidate hydrochloride (DNP-S IE) have been prepared. DNP-N-IE and DNP- NMe -IE both react efficiently at 0-2 degrees C and pH 7-9.5 with sheep immunoglobulin G. At least 12 DNP groups can be introduced into the antibody protein without causing any significant change in its antigen binding affinity or capacity. PMID- 6609208 TI - Specific antibody synthesis in vitro. I. Technical considerations. AB - Previously described methods for measuring specific antibody production in vitro are complex and frequently require the addition of a non-specific mitogen and 2 or more separate steps including a lymphocyte culture and then an antibody assay. In this report we present further details regarding a 1-step, non-mitogen requiring assay for specific antibody synthesis combining microculture and enzyme linked immunoassay techniques. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from recently immunized subjects are cultured in antigen-coated plastic wells and the specific antibody produced and adhered to the solid-phase antigen is measured in an enzyme linked immunoassay. The production of specific antibody in vitro did not occur in lymphocyte preparations that were frozen, thawed and incubated, nor did it occur in cultures containing puromycin. T cell separation and remixture experiments indicated that T cells provide significant augmentation under the conditions of this assay. It is apparent that the antibody measured was synthesized in vitro and that cell-cell interactions are operant. The assay may prove useful in the assessment of immune competence and in determining in vitro the effect of certain biologic response modifiers on antibody production. PMID- 6609209 TI - Intrasplenic primary immunization for the production of monoclonal antibodies. AB - A novel immunization procedure for eliciting monoclonal antibodies ( McAbs ) is described. With intrasplenic inoculation only small amounts of immunogen are required. As little as 20 micrograms of protein antigen or 2.5 X 10(5) cells have been found sufficient to immunize mice or rat spleen cells for the production of specific McAbs . A high proportion of hybridomas secreting McAbs against cell surface antigens and soluble proteins has been obtained with this immunization procedure. The system could facilitate McAb production in many instances in which only small quantities of immunogen are available. PMID- 6609210 TI - Occurrence of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency in normal healthy Indians and in patients with various pulmonary diseases. PMID- 6609211 TI - [Multiple splenic and renal abscesses caused by Candida albicans: a new diagnostic and therapeutic method using intraoperative echography and closure of the residual cavities with biological glue]. AB - The Candida albicans infection represents a rather frequent complication in immunodeficient patients, while the evolution towards the growth of multiple intraparenchymal abscesses constitutes a very rare event. The authors describe the diagnostic-therapeutic pathway chosen in a case regarding a young patient in treatment for leukemia , who was affected by multiple splenic and renal abscesses caused by Candida albicans. After a preoperative diagnosis through ultrasonography and C.A.T., a splenectomy was undertaken. Next the only healthy part of the spleen was removed and grafted into the omentum. By using the intraoperative ultrasonography on both kidneys, the abscess cavities were precisely located, aspirated and finally stuck with a human fibrin glue. PMID- 6609212 TI - Effects of OKT3+, OKT4+ and OKT8+ T cell subsets on steady-state granulopoiesis in vitro. AB - The present study was undertaken to elucidate the role of T cell subsets in regulating the in vitro growth of human granulopoietic progenitor cells (CFU-C). Prior to CFU-C assay, mononuclear cells obtained from bone marrow and cord blood were depleted of T cells or functionally distinct T cell subsets by the method of complement-mediated cytolysis with the use of monoclonal antibodies, OKT3, OKT4 and OKT8. The depletion of any T cell subset of OKT3+, OKT4+ or OKT8+ cells from bone marrow and cord blood cells showed no significant alterations in the generation of CFU-C. The supplementation to the in vitro culture system of OKT4+ or OKT8+ cells, which had been negatively selected by complement-mediated cytolysis using the mutually exclusive monoclonal OKT8 or OKT4 antibody, respectively, did not alter the growth of CFU-C-derived colonies without mitogenic stimulation. In contrast, the production of colony-stimulating activity (CSA) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was significantly reduced by removing not only OKT3+ cells but also OKT4+ or OKT8+ cell subsets. There were no significant differences in the degree of reduction between the different procedures. These results suggested that T cell subsets played an important role in the regulation of steady-state granulopoiesis through the stimulation of CSA production. The presence of a specific subset of T cells in CSA production was not demonstrated. PMID- 6609213 TI - Inhibition of murine CFU-C by vindesine: restoration of colony growth by colony stimulating factor. AB - Vindesine (VDS) is a new vinca-alkaloid related to vinblastine and vincristine that blocks production of the microtubules in the mitotic phase of the cell cycle. Studies were undertaken to investigate the inhibitory effect of VDS on normal murine bone marrow cell proliferation and the possible interactions between this compound and L-cell derived colony stimulating factor (CSF). One X 10(7) murine bone marrow cells were exposed to various concentrations of VDS, ranging from 0.1 to 1.5 micrograms/ml for 1 h at 37 degrees C. Following this period, the cells were plated in agar in the presence of 100 units of CSF. A dose dependent inhibition of colony formation was noted with increasing doses of the drugs. To determine whether an increased dose of CSF could overcome the inhibitory effect of VDS, further studies compared colony growth in response to 100 and 200 units of CSF. Virtually no inhibition of colony growth was detected in VDS-treated cells exposed to this higher dose of CSF while a dose-dependent reduction in CFU-C was noted with 100 units of CSF. Preincubation of cells with VDS and CSF prevented the inhibition that occurred with VDS alone. The addition of anti-CSF serum during the preincubation phase abolished the protective effect of CSF. The studies show that short-term exposure of marrow cells to VDS causes a dose-dependent inhibition of in vitro colony formation; this inhibition is prevented by increasing doses of CSF in agar culture or by simultaneous preincubation with CSF. The CSF action appears specific as its protective effect is neutralized by antibody to CSF, suggesting a potential role for CSF in preventing the antimitotic activity of VDS. PMID- 6609214 TI - Presence of cells in B-cell lineage in mixed (GEMM) colonies from murine marrow cells. AB - Recent progress in clonal cell culture techniques makes it possible to detect pluripotent hemopoietic precursors from murine marrow cells. The precursors can proliferate, differentiate and form mixed colonies containing erythroblasts, granulocytes, macrophages and often megakaryocytes in viscid culture medium. In the present investigation, the presence of cells of B-cell lineage in mixed colonies was investigated. Experiments on colonies containing cIgM, cIgG, sIgM and sIgG bearing cells using goat IgG fluorescein-conjugated anti-mouse IgM, goat F(ab')2 fraction fluorescein-conjugated anti-mouse IgG and immunobeads revealed the presence of cytoplasmic IgM bearing cells in 47% of the colonies and surface IgM bearing cells in 74-84% of the colonies. Mixed colonies, however, did not contain either cIgG bearing cells or sIgG bearing cells. The results may indicate that some CFU-MIX proliferate and differentiate along B-cell lineage to sIgM or cIgM bearing cells in vitro. PMID- 6609215 TI - [Significance of aorto-coronary bypass surgery in homozygous familial hyperlipidemia]. PMID- 6609216 TI - [Contrapsin, a novel trypsin inhibitor in the mouse plasma]. PMID- 6609217 TI - [Gas chromatographic studies on propionic acid, butyric acid and valeric acid in culture fluid of Trichomonas vaginalis]. AB - Trichomonas vaginalis was inoculated into Cysteine-Peptone-Liver infusion-Maltose medium (CPLM medium), and serial changes in short-chain fatty acids in the culture fluid were studied by gas chromatography. A significant increase in the amount of propionic acid and iso-valeric acid was found in the culture fluids obtained at 72 or 120 hours after inoculation of Trichomonas vaginalis. These short-chain fatty acids are considered to be produced in vitro during the growth of Trichomonas vaginalis in the CPLM medium, presumably by the catabolism of amino acids. Recent in vitro studies on viral oncology have shown that propionic acid or iso-valeric acid had a promoter-like activity and/or promoter-enhancing effect. Accordingly, the present findings suggest that Trichomonas vaginalis is, at least in part, responsible for the promotion of cervical cancer or vaginal cancer. PMID- 6609218 TI - [Studies of early pregnancy factor by rosette inhibition test using monoclonal antibody]. AB - We established a new stable rosette inhibition test using anti-human T-cell and anti-mouse Thy-1 monoclonal antibody, instead of antilymphocyte serum for the testing of immunosuppressive early pregnancy factor (EPF). The results obtained with this experimental system are as follows. Serum of pregnant mouse and woman indicated the immunosuppressive activity as inhibition of rosette formation. Serum of pregnant mouse inhibited rosette formation between human lymphocytes and heterologous erythrocytes as well as mouse spleen cells. It indicated that EPF, at least partially, is species-independent. In mouse serum, EPF became evident within 8 hours after mating, and declined at 4 days before term. In human pregnancy, EPF was detected in the 1st and 2nd trimesters but the rosette inhibition declined to the nonpregnant range in the 3rd trimester. In patients with threatened miscarriage and poor prognosis, the rosette inhibition declined. Surgical abortion led to normalization of the rosette formation within 18 to 24 hours. To investigate the origin of EPF, an in vitro fertilization system for mouse was employed. Immunosuppression was demonstrated in the culture medium of a two cell-stage embryo. PMID- 6609219 TI - Correlation between circulating levels of von Willebrand's antigen II and von Willebrand factor: discrimination between type I and type II von Willebrand's disease. AB - Classification of the subtypes of von Willebrand's disease (vWd) has been based on a quantitative deficiency or an abnormal multimeric composition of von Willebrand factor (vWf). Although the co-deficiency of a second protein, von Willebrand's antigen II (vW AgII), had been previously recognized, its concentration in a relatively large number of normal individuals or patients with well-defined vWd variants had not been studied. The plasma from patients with type I, IIA, IIB, IIC, and III (severe) vWd was evaluated, and the concentrations of vW AgII and vWf were determined. Although patients with type I and III vWd had reduced levels of both proteins, the plasma vW AgII concentration was normal in patients with type II vWd. Analysis of the results indicates that type I and type II variants can be discriminated with greater than 80% accuracy by comparison of results of these two antigenic assays. The normal levels of vW AgII in type II variants suggest a possible difference in the pathophysiology of type I and type II vWd. PMID- 6609220 TI - Reading disability in an epidemiological context incidence and environmental correlates. PMID- 6609221 TI - Salt losing congenital adrenal hyperplasia. PMID- 6609222 TI - A parametric study of the stimulation variables affecting the magnitude of the olfactory nerve response. AB - The magnitude of olfactory responses can be related to three primary variables [number of odorant molecules (N), sniff volume (V), and sniff duration (T)] and three derived variables [concentration (C = N/V), flow rate (F = V/T), and delivery rate (D = N/T)]. To evaluate the effects of these interdependent variables upon the olfactory response, the summated multiunit discharges were recorded from the olfactory nerves of nine frogs in response to octane presented at two levels (in 2:1 ratio) of each primary variable. This presentation defined eight "sniff" combinations representing three levels of each derived variable. In an ANOVA of the logs of the responses, the effect of each primary variable was highly significant, with no significant interactions. A multiplicative regression model incorporating the effects of the three primary variables represented responses exceedingly well, with positive effects of N and T and a negative effect of V. When, with this model, the effect of each of the derived variables was isolated from the effects of all other variables, the analysis showed a positive effect for C, a near-zero positive effect for D, and a negative effect for F. Placing certain constraints upon the model parameters generates 13 distinct one- and two-variable models (e.g., the [C, T] model requires N and V to have equal but opposite effects). In ranking these reduced models in terms of their ability to predict the neural response, the predictive ability of [F, N] and [C, T] was at least as good as that of the three-variable model. PMID- 6609223 TI - Behavior of vanadate and vanadyl ion in canine blood. AB - Radiolabeled vanadium as either vanadyl ion or vanadate ion was injected intravenously into adult beagle dogs, and blood samples were collected at various times up to 48 hr post injection. For each sample, the distribution of vanadium between the cells and the plasma was determined, and the plasma was analyzed by electrophoresis to identify specific vanadium-binding proteins. Initially, vanadyl ion left the bloodstream more rapidly than vanadate, but the rates equalized after about 5 hr. A significant fraction of the vanadium in blood was associated with the cellular component following injection of both forms of vanadium. About 77% of the plasma vanadium was eventually bound by the serum iron transport protein transferrin, regardless of the vanadium species initially injected. For both vanadyl and vanadate, about 30 hr were required to reach the maximum degree of transferrin binding. PMID- 6609224 TI - The effects of monensin on transport of membrane components in the frog retinal photoreceptor. I. Light microscopic autoradiography and biochemical analysis. AB - We have explored the use of the Na+-H+ ionophore monensin as a potential tool for the investigation of membrane assembly and transport in retinal photoreceptors. Autoradiographic analysis of frog retinas incubated with [3H]leucine in the presence of monensin revealed a lack of concentrated silver grains ("bands") at the base of the rod outer segments, in contrast to controls. This is indicative of a pronounced monensin-induced decrease in disc membrane assembly. Biochemical analyses of whole retinas and isolated rod outer segment membranes showed that protein synthesis (including opsin synthesis) was not significantly inhibited under these conditions, whereas passage of membrane protein to the rod outer segment was blocked. Glycerolipid synthesis was not significantly affected by monensin. The results suggest that membrane proteins (e.g., opsin) destined for incorporation into the rod outer segment must pass through the Golgi apparatus and demonstrate the potential utility of monensin for inhibiting aspects of marcomolecule transport in photoreceptors. PMID- 6609225 TI - The effects of monensin and of puromycin on transport of membrane components in the frog retinal photoreceptor. II. Electron microscopic autoradiography of proteins and glycerolipids. AB - Monensin converts the Golgi apparatus of rod photoreceptors into distended vacuoles, similar to those seen in other monensin-treated cell types, and leads to the accumulation of [3H]leucine in the distended vacuoles. As evaluated by quantitative, electron microscopic autoradiography, transport of newly made proteins--both to the outer segments and to the presynaptic terminals--is inhibited. These effects suggest that the Golgi apparatus is involved in transport in both principal directions within the highly polarized photoreceptors, a matter of interest since there seems to be only a single, extensive, Golgi apparatus in the cell body. Seemingly there are two distinguishable "sorting" routes, for proteins, out of the Golgi apparatus and, for the terminals, an additional non-Golgi route. Accumulation of newly made glycerolipids in the outer segments and terminals is less affected by monensin than is accumulation of new proteins, and glycerolipid accumulation is little affected by puromycin, an inhibitor of protein synthesis. These latter findings suggest that the routes or mechanisms of assembly of newly made lipids into membranes in the photoreceptors are at least partially dissociable from those for newly made proteins. PMID- 6609226 TI - Corticotropin-releasing factor: co-expression within distinct subsets of oxytocin , vasopressin-, and neurotensin-immunoreactive neurons in the hypothalamus of the male rat. AB - Two immunohistochemical methods that allow the concurrent localization of neuroactive substances within individual neurons have been used to identify, count, and chart the distribution of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) immunoreactive cells in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) that may also contain an additional peptide. In colchicine-treated male rats a moderate number of oxytocin-stained cells, localized primarily in a discrete, anterior part of the magnocellular division of the nucleus, was found also to stain positively for CRF. Similarly, oxytocin and CRF immunoreactivity were jointly expressed in magnocellular neurons distributed diffusely in the supraoptic nucleus. Smaller numbers of vasopressin- and neurotensin-stained neurons centered in specific parts of the parvocellular division of the PVH were stained with antisera against CRF. Possible mechanisms whereby the function of subsets of magnocellular and parvocellular neurosecretory neurons can be modulated differentially are discussed. PMID- 6609227 TI - Hemodynamically significant stenosis of the internal carotid artery treated with endarterectomy. Case report. AB - Repeated cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements with xenon-133 inhalation and single photon emission tomography were performed in a patient suffering a minor stroke with subsequent orthostatic-provoked transient ischemic attacks (TIA's). Angiography revealed a thread-like internal carotid artery and an occluded external carotid artery on the side of the ischemic neurological symptoms. Computerized tomography and technetium-99m-pertechnetate brain scintigraphy 2 weeks after stroke were both normal. Before reconstructive vascular surgery, resting CBF showed a hypoperfused area corresponding to the clinical symptoms. Diamox (acetazolamide, 1 gm) increased CBF by 24% in the unaffected hemisphere, whereas even a slight decrease in flow ("steal") was seen in the maximally affected region. In contrast, theophylline (220 mg) reduced CBF in the unaffected hemisphere and caused a slight increase in the previously maximally hypoperfused area ("inverse steal"). After surgery, the flow pattern practically normalized and the TIA's disappeared. The CBF measurements before surgery and also after the injection of the vasoactive drugs indicated that focal hemodynamic insufficiency elicited the TIA's, and pointed at a low mean arterial blood pressure of about 35 mm Hg in the affected hemisphere. The perioperative finding of a mean blood pressure in the internal carotid artery of 31 mm Hg on the symptomatic side confirmed that the brain tissue had a severely reduced perfusion pressure. On clamping the artery, a stump pressure of 22 mm Hg and electroencephalogram flattening was noted, so a temporary internal shunt was inserted. The findings demonstrate that preoperative CBF measurements, including studies of the regional vasoreactivity, may identify patients with hemodynamic TIA's. These patients are at particular risk of developing cerebral ischemia during carotid endarterectomy, as any further compromise of the inflow may precipitate frank ischemia. PMID- 6609228 TI - Serial measurement of regional cerebral blood flow in patients with SAH using 133Xe inhalation and emission computerized tomography. AB - A noninvasive three-dimensional method for measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF), xenon-133 inhalation and emission computerized tomography, was used to investigate the CBF changes accompanying delayed neurological deterioration following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). A total of 67 measurements were performed on 20 patients in Hunt and Hess' clinical Grades I to III in the first 21 days post SAH. Five patients with normal CBF tomograms on admission developed delayed neurological deficits in the 2nd week after hemorrhage, at which time repeat CBF tomograms in four patients revealed large areas of well defined regional flow decrease in the vascular territories of the anterior or middle cerebral arteries. Severe vasospasm was noted in three of these patients in whom arteriography was performed in the 2nd week post SAH. Diffuse bihemispheric CBF decreases were noted later in the course of delayed neurological deficits; however, measurements obtained soon after the onset of focal symptoms suggest that the only CBF decreases directly produced by vasospasm in Grade III patients are regional changes. PMID- 6609229 TI - Salivary flow, saliva, pH and buffering capacity in 70-year-old men and women. Correlation to dental health, dryness in the mouth, disease and drug treatment. AB - A representative systematic selection of 30% of all 70-year-olds (1148 persons) in Goteborg were invited to a population study. The participation rate was 85%. Sixteen per cent of the men and 25% of the women reported dryness in the mouth (sex. diff. P less than 0.01). There was a significant correlation between the number of drugs consumed by the subjects and subjective dryness (in both sexes P less than 0.001). Intake of drugs from the groups of anticholionergics, antihistamines, sedatives, hypnotics or phenothiazines respectively seemed to have the highest predicative value for dryness in the mouth (men P less than 0.05 and women P less than 0.01). There was also a positive correlation between subjective dryness and number of definable diseases in both sexes (P less than 0.01). In a consecutive sample (fifty-eight men and fifty-three women) a study of salivary flow, direct pH and buffer effect were performed. The mean value of unstimulated salivary secretion was in men 0.25 and in women 0.18 ml/min. Corresponding figures for stimulated secretion was 1.65 and 1.04 ml/min (sex. diff. P less than 0.01). A significantly lower unstimulated secretion was noted in women with subjective dryness (P less than 0.01). A negative significant correlation were found between dental invalidity, according to Eichner's classification, and stimulated secretion when drug treatment had been considered (men P less than 0.05 and women P less than 0.01). Only weak relations were noted between salivary secretions and drug treatment. Only intake of drugs with diuretic effect were negatively correlated to stimulated secretion (P less than 0.01). Diseases of the circulatory system were correlated to subjective dryness (P less than 0.01). PMID- 6609230 TI - [Delayed skin reaction in head and neck cancer patient]. PMID- 6609231 TI - Measurement of adenosine metabolism and uptake in smooth muscle and effects of adenosine transport inhibitors. AB - Attempts were made to measure adenosine transport in isolated smooth muscle preparations including guinea-pig taenia caeci, beef coronary arteries and longitudinal muscle of rabbit small intestine. Because adenosine-mediated relaxation is potentiated by nucleoside transport inhibitors such as dipyridamole and 6- thiobenzylpurine ribosides in the first two systems but not in rabbit intestinal muscle, possible differences in transport capacities and in the effects of these inhibitors in the three tissues were examined. Transport was to be measured by assessing metabolic products of adenosine including adenine nucleotides and inosine plus hypoxanthine in both tissues and incubation media. Despite extensive rinsing of tissues, adenosine deaminase leaked into the incubation media, requiring its inhibition by 5 nM deoxycoformycin. When measuring apparent transport rates by quantitating metabolic products in the presence of 5 nM deoxycoformycin, no saturation of uptake at 100 to 400 microM adenosine was observed in taenia caeci and rabbit muscle. Comparing these results with literature reports on transport rates in single cell preparations, it appears that the obtained values (20-40 pmol/mg/min) may be at least 100-fold lower, suggesting that rates of diffusion through tissue and intracellular deamination of adenosine were the limiting functions measured by the methodology used in this study, requiring a careful definition for the terms transport and uptake and suggesting that it is practically not possible to measure true transport of adenosine in intact tissues. The uptake of adenosine was inhibited in all three tissues by dipyridamole and 6- thiobenzylpurine ribosides (10 microM) to a similar extent, leaving open the question of why potentiation of the relaxant effects of adenosine is seen in taenia caeci and coronary arteries but not in rabbit intestinal muscle. PMID- 6609232 TI - The prevalence and correlates of anxiety symptoms in older adults. AB - An anxiety symptom scale was administered to a community sample of 713 males and 1338 females representative of persons aged 55 and older in Kentucky and quite similar to that of the US population in that age range. On the basis of a cutting point established previously, 17.1% of the males and 21.5% of the females were estimated to experience sufficient anxiety symptoms to place them at risk so as to require some form of intervention. In addition to gender and marital status differences, the study found a systematic but complex relationship between anxiety and age within this age range. Anxiety was inversely associated with socioeconomic status, education, and urban dwelling. Anxiety was inversely and highly correlated with physical health, and related to the presence of nine specific medical conditions and the need for and use of a number of medical services. The implications of the findings regarding the use of medical services for early diagnosis and treatment for mental health needs are discussed. PMID- 6609233 TI - 3-Alkyl-2-aryl-3H-naphth[1,2-d]imidazoles, a novel class of nonacidic antiinflammatory agents. AB - Novel 3-alkyl-2-aryl-3H- naphth [1,2-d]imidazoles were synthesized and evaluated as antiinflammatory agents in the carrageenin-induced paw edema, cotton pellet induced granuloma, and adjuvant-induced polyarthritis assays in rats. The analgesic, antipyretic, and gastroulcerogenic effects were also tested. Structure activity relationships are discussed. One of the compounds, 3-(1-methylethyl)-2 (4-methoxyphenyl)-3H- naphth [1,2-d]imidazole (35), was selected for clinical trials as a nonacidic antiinflammatory and analgesic agent. PMID- 6609234 TI - Serial estimation of anti-RNP antibody titers in systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed connective tissue disease and rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Anti-nuclear ribonucleoprotein (RNP) antibody titers were estimated serially in 19 anti-RNP antibody-positive patients, which included 10 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 6 patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) and 3 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Counterimmunoelectrophoresis was used for antibody detection and a calf thymus extract was utilized as an antigen. Anti-RNP antibody titers in most patients with MCTD and RA did not fluctuate significantly, whereas those in patients with SLE fluctuated by more than a four fold serum dilution. The anti-RNP antibody titers in SLE seemed to correlate with disease activity. Previous reports have stated that anti-RNP antibody titers do not fluctuate easily throughout the disease course. The present report shows that they do fluctuate in patients with SLE. The use of high dose of steroids in SLE might be responsible for the fall in antibody titer. PMID- 6609235 TI - Autoantibodies, sheep cell agglutinins and anti-albumin antibodies in alcoholic liver disease. AB - The frequency of serum autoantibodies including anti-albumin antibodies was investigated for patients with various categories of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). The 95 patients were grouped into 3 categories: fatty liver (25 cases), alcoholic hepatitis (29 cases), and alcoholic cirrhosis (41 cases), and each group was matched with healthy controls by age, sex, ethnic origin and socio economic status. For all patients with ALD, there was a 5-fold greater frequency over the controls of positive tests for antinuclear antibody (ANA), but titres were low; the pattern of ANA reactions was speckled in 50% of the cases. For patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, there was an 8-fold increase in frequency over the controls in anti-smooth muscle antibody (ASMA), but titres were low, pointing to a possibility that autoimmunity might be one of several determinants of progression of alcoholic hepatitis to cirrhosis. For none of the groups was there an increase over the controls in the mean titre of sheep red cell agglutinins, nor were there increased haemagglutinin titres of antibody to bovine serum albumin or to human albumin, arguing against a general increase in antibody production in ALD. Greater knowledge of the frequency, significance and pathogenicity of reactive autoantibodies which occur in response to various types of tissue damage is required for interpretation of the increase in ANA and ASMA in alcoholic liver disease. PMID- 6609236 TI - Circulating immune complexes containing IgG, IgA and IgM in patients with myocardial infarction: detection with C1qSP and anti C3SP. AB - Immunological reactions have been recognized in cardiac disease and immune complexes (ICs) have been suggested to be of pathogenetic significance in the occurrence of post-myocardial infarction syndromes. ICs of IgA, IgG, IgM class have been detected in myocardial infarction utilizing a C1qSP and an anti C3 assay. A poor concordance was found between the two methods. Early pericarditis was found to be associated with the presence of ICs, suggesting that ICs may play a role in developing pericarditis or that they may be considered a marker of pericarditis by an immunological mechanism. PMID- 6609237 TI - Immunoreactants in murine lupus nephritis: effects of azathioprine. AB - We studied the effects of azathioprine on immunoreactants of plasma and kidney to determine factors that might be relevant to the arrest of nephritis in NZB/W mice. Before and after a course of azathioprine (or saline injections) for 12 weeks, we determined the plasma concentrations of IgG, complement (C3), antiDNA antibodies, and C1q-reactive materials; in the kidneys, we studied deposits of IgG, IgM, and C3 in glomeruli, and we determined the concentration of IgG and antiDNA activity of the eluted proteins. Azathioprine administered at the onset of nephritis preserved glomerular structure and function; the amount of tissue bound immunoreactants was decreased overall, and immunoreactants were preferentially localized in mesangial areas. A decreased plasma concentration of IgG, but not the concentrations of antiDNA antibodies, C3 and C1q-reactive materials, was associated with the arrest of nephritis. The antiDNA activity in renal eluates was very low and was comparable in treated and untreated mice. Immune complex systems other than, or in addition to, DNA-antiDNA likely play a role in the pathogenesis of murine lupus nephritis. PMID- 6609238 TI - Mononuclear cells in sickle cell disease: subpopulations and in vitro response to mitogens. AB - The subpopulations of mononuclear cells and the lymphocyte proliferative capacity following mitogen stimulation were studied in 22 patients with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease and 25 controls with a normal haemoglobin (AA) genotype. The total number of lymphocytes in peripheral blood samples was higher in SS patients compared to controls. Expressed as a percentage of total lymphocytes, the number of B lymphocytes (detected by membrane immunoglobulin fluorescence) was normal and of T lymphocytes (identified by sheep erythrocyte rosetting) was slightly reduced in SS disease. Expressed in absolute numbers, both B and T lymphocytes were increased. Lymphocyte proliferation measured by tritium labelled thymidine incorporation following stimulation with phytohemagglutinin A, and concanavalin A was normal. Following pokeweed mitogen stimulation, thymidine incorporation was significantly increased in SS disease although normal when expressed as a stimulation index. These results do not suggest a major defect in cell mediated immunity in sickle cell disease. The number of circulating monocytes was increased in SS disease and correlated inversely with the number of reticulocytes (r = -0.58, p less than 0.005). PMID- 6609239 TI - Immunological studies on acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. AB - The results of immunologic studies in 27 cases of acute rheumatic fever and 11 cases of chronic rheumatic heart disease are reported. In both groups, there are elevation of peripheral B lymphocytes and depression of T lymphocytes when compared to the normal control subjects. Circulating immune complexes and autoantibodies including anti-smooth muscle antibody, antimitochondria antibody and anti-parietal cell antibody are detectable in certain cases of both groups. Deposition of IgG, beta 1c and Coxsackie antigen are demonstrable in myocardial tissue in autopsy of two cases with acute rheumatic fever in association with the detection of immune complexes in their sera. Our results together with the previous reports suggested that the Coxsackie virus are one of the causative agent of the rheumatic fever. Moreover humoral and cellular immunological reaction are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. PMID- 6609241 TI - Quantification of the soluble receptor of human T lymphocytes for sheep erythrocytes in the serum of patients with aplastic anaemia. AB - The soluble E-receptor (Rs) of human T lymphocytes for sheep erythrocytes has been quantified by electroimmunodiffusion ("rocket" electrophoresis) in serum samples from 23 patients with aplastic anaemia and 43 controls. A statistically significant increase of Rs levels was found in the group of patients as compared with controls. Sixteen patients showed Rs values greater than the mean +2SD of the control group. No correlation between Rs values and the number of circulating total lymphocytes or T lymphocytes was observed. Since Rs serum levels have previously been shown to be increased in diseases associated with depressed cell mediated immunity, the finding of high levels of Rs in most cases of aplastic anaemia may contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease. PMID- 6609240 TI - Characterization of thymus cells in hyperplastic thymuses in patients with myasthenia gravis and ulcerative colitis with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Recently, increasing attention has been paid to thymic relevance to pathogenesis in some autoimmune diseases. In this report, the thymus cells from 7 patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) and 6 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), who had undergone thymectomy for complication of thymic hyperplasia, were studied. The thymus cells were characterized with monoclonal antibodies (Anti-Leu-2a and Anti Leu-3a) which define human T-cell surface antigens. Although the control thymus consisted of 82-94% of thymocytes which were reactive with Anti-Leu-2a and 90-95% of cells reactive with Anti-Leu-3a, in UC patients both Leu-2a positive thymus cells (38-56%) and Leu-3a positive cells (68-82%) were decreased. Concerning MG thymocytes, Leu-2a positive cells were also decreased (66-81%), but the percentage of Leu-3a positive cells did not show a remarkable change (86-90%) compared with control thymocytes. Considering the above results and many reports telling functional and populational abnormalities of peripheral immunocompetent cells, the process of intra-thymic T-cell maturation may be impaired in these autoimmune diseases. PMID- 6609242 TI - Ultrastructural comparison of ion beam and radiofrequency plasma etching effects on biological tissue sections. AB - Three dry etching techniques (Ar+ ion beam, O2+ ion beam, O2 radiofrequency electrodeless discharge) were compared with respect to preferential etching and damage to the ultrastructure of glutaraldehyde-fixed Epon-embedded frog skeletal muscle sections. SEM and TEM studies were performed on both unstained and stained (osmium tetroxide, uranyl acetate) sections. Etching effects were observed to differ for the various ion beam or plasma etching techniques. Whereas selective retention of electron dense structures (e.g. Z lines, nuclear heterochromatin) was observed for oxygen plasma etching, preferential etching of these components was observed using O2+ ion beam bombardment. Selectively etched Z lines and etch resistant nucleoli were observed for both reactive (O2+) and inert (Ar+) ion beam sputtering after sufficiently high ion doses. The above suggest that selective etching under keV ion beam irradiation is related more to physical sputtering processes (momentum transfer) than to the chemical reactivity of the incident ion. Heavy metal post-fixation and staining had no qualitative effect on the nature of the selective etching phenomena. The above findings are significant in that they potentially influence both electron and ion microprobe measurements of etched biological specimens. PMID- 6609244 TI - Fine structure of the frog palate mucociliary epithelium. AB - The mucociliary epithelium (MCE) of the frog palate is a pseudostratified columnar respiratory epithelium supported by connective tissue with no submucosal glands. Morphologically different types of cells have been identified using scanning and transmission electron microscopy: ciliated cells, mucous and serous cells, intermediate cells, basal cells, and patches of vomero-nasal epithelium with sensory receptors and supporting cells. The cilia of the MCE of the frog palate are 5 to 7 microns long and a cluster of 3 to 7 projections forms a ciliary crown at their tips. Using cationized ferritin, anionic charges are identified on their whole outer surface. The mucus discharged by the secretory cells forms a continuous blanket which lies at the tips of the cilia. PMID- 6609245 TI - 'Alternate channel' approaches seek to limit myocardial damage. PMID- 6609246 TI - Fetal hydrocephalus. II. Amelioration of fetal porencephaly by in utero therapy in nonhuman primates. AB - The postnatal course of a form of infantile porencephaly under pressure in monkeys was evaluated by comparing brain development between animals that had received the hydrocephalic antenatal vent for intrauterine treatment and those that had not been treated antenatally. Brain development was assessed by computed tomographic scans. The studies showed asymmetric malformations and associated porencephalic lesions in infant monkeys not treated in utero, despite installation of a conventional postnatal ventriculoperitoneal shunt. In contrast, apparently normal development of brain tissue in infants given intrauterine therapy was observed. PMID- 6609243 TI - Influence of a cardiac rehabilitation program on the cardiovascular, psychological, and social functioning of cardiac patients. AB - Twenty-eight male cardiac patients who had either experienced myocardial infarction or undergone coronary bypass surgery were assigned to a treatment condition and participated in a 3-month, exercise-based Cardiac Rehabilitation Program, whereas 20 other cardiac patients were assigned to a routine-care condition and did not participate in the rehabilitation program. Cardiovascular, psychological, and psychosocial functioning were assessed before treatment or routine care was begun, after 3 months of treatment or routine care, and 4 months later. Results indicated that patients in the treatment condition evidenced reliably more efficient cardiovascular functioning (resting heart rate, resting diastolic blood pressure, treadmill exercise performance, exercise heart rate, exercise systolic blood pressure), better understanding of heart disease, better understanding of and reported compliance with treatment recommendations, more positive self-perceptions (health, body concept, self-concept, progress toward goals), and better psychosocial functioning (e.g., decreased employment-related stress, more active use and enjoyment of leisure time, more physical and sexual activity). Chronic patients benefited as much from the treatment as did acute patients, and the beneficial effects for all treated patients were evident not only just after rehabilitation, but also 4 months later. This investigation appears to be the first such test of effects of this type of treatment, and the results have wide generalizability and applicability. PMID- 6609247 TI - Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP). Good news. PMID- 6609248 TI - Diagnostic and therapeutic technology assessment. Implanted electrospinal stimulator for scoliosis. PMID- 6609249 TI - [Effects of intravenous morphine on responses of the spinal cord wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons to heat and tactile stimuli]. PMID- 6609250 TI - [MIC test of Campylobacter jejuni/coli]. AB - Using 3 kinds of medium, Mueller-Hinton (M-H) agar, M-H agar added with defibrinated horse blood and lysed horse blood, susceptibilities of Campylobacter were tested quantitatively to 12 antibacterial agents. The result showed no remarkable difference between them. MIC was examined with the cell concentration of McFarland unit 0.5 and 100-times dilution, and there was no significant difference between them except for 2 strains, on which erythromycin showed MIC of 6.25 micrograms/ml at McFarland unit 0.5 and 0.39 micrograms/ml at 100-times dilution. Eighty-two clinical isolates of C. jejuni and 6 of C. coli were tested for their susceptibility to 12 antibacterial agents. These strains were most susceptible to gentamicin and amikacin and less susceptible to benzylpenicillin, carbenicillin and cephaloridine with the MIC of 25 micrograms/ml. There were 2 peaks of susceptibility distribution to minocycline (0.2 and 50 micrograms/ml). In tests for beta-lactamase of C. jejuni and C. coli, 3 strains obtained from 1 patient were positive. PMID- 6609251 TI - [In vitro antibacterial activity of cefoperazone]. AB - The in vitro antibacterial activities of cefoperazone (CPZ) against clinical isolates including various beta-lactamase-producing strains were studied and compared with those of cefotiam (CTM). CPZ had a broad spectrum against Gram negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Especially, CPZ showed apparently more potent antibacterial activities than CTM against Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, CPZ was less active than CTM against Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis. The stability and affinity of CPZ for various types of beta-lactamase were also studied. CPZ was more resistant to hydrolysis by typical cephalosporinase (CSase) and cefuroximase (CXase) than CTM, but was less stable to penicillinase (PCase). CPZ often showed higher affinity to beta-lactamases than CTM. The study for the inducer-activity revealed that CPZ hardly induced CSase production in E. cloacae and Proteus vulgaris while CTM highly induced in both strains. CPZ was more active against CSase-producers than CTM, especially against strains which inducibly produced the enzyme. It was speculated that this activity was responsible for the superior stability to CSase and low inducer-activity for CSase production. PMID- 6609252 TI - [A case of advanced gastric cancer associated with smouldering adult T-cell leukemia (ATL)]. AB - A 43-year-old man was admitted to our clinic because of a 2-month history of anorexia, general fatigue and an upper abdominal mass. Upper GI series and endoscopic examination revealed Borrmann IV-type gastric cancer. The histologic diagnosis was undifferentiated adenocarcinoma. His peripheral blood contained approximately 3% atypical lymphocytes. These lymphocytes were identified to be ATL-cell based on E-rosette formation assays and anti-ATL associated antigen antibody tests. Although the patient had no typical ATL-symptoms, we made a diagnosis of double cancer, i.e. gastric cancer and smouldering ATL. This is the first reported Japanese case of gastric cancer associated with smouldering ATL relationship between gastric carcinoma and other malignant diseases, especially ATL, is discussed. PMID- 6609253 TI - [Direct surgical management of acute coronary diseases]. PMID- 6609254 TI - [A pathological study on endoscopical sclerotherapy for esophageal varices]. PMID- 6609255 TI - [Augmentation of cholestatic factor production from the activated lymphocytes and a long-termed culture of its producing cells by interleukin-2]. PMID- 6609257 TI - [The relationship between serum immune complex levels and peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations in systemic lupus erythematosis]. PMID- 6609256 TI - [Osteoporosis and immunity changes of cell-mediated immunity and T-cell subsets responding to 1 alpha (OH) vitamin D3]. PMID- 6609259 TI - [Clinical application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) CT - comparison with x ray CT]. PMID- 6609258 TI - [Relationship between the serum immune complex levels and the peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations in chronic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6609260 TI - Hepatic 7-alkoxycoumarin O-dealkylase in mice: induction by beta-naphthoflavone of hepatic enzyme activity. AB - Hepatic 7-alkoxycoumarin O-dealkylation activities in control and beta naphthoflavone-pretreated mice were determined. The O-demethylation and O deethylation activities of 7-alkoxycoumarin in control mice were almost the same values, while the O-depropylation activity was lower than those of the other reactions. The O-dealkylase activity varied markedly among the 18 strains of mice surveyed, and strain-dependent differences in the cytochrome P-450 content were also detected among the strains. beta-Naphthoflavone induced O-dealkylation activity, especially O-deethylation and O-depropylation activities, only in ddY, DS and its substrains (A2-3, A3-1, C1-2 and Nh/+). C3H/He and C57BL/6J strains, but not in DBA/2, BALB/c and KYF/2 strains. The former strains of mice are thus classified as "responsive strains" to beta-naphthoflavone and the latter as "non responsive strains". The O-dealkylase activity in other strains of mice were not clear in responsiveness to beta-naphthoflavone. The hepatic cytochrome P-450 content in responsive strains also increased upon pretreatment of the animals with beta-haphthoflavone. The results indicate marked strain differences in basal and beta-naphthoflavone-induced activity of hepatic 7-alkoxycoumarin O-dealkylase in mice. PMID- 6609261 TI - [Diltiazem in coronary artery surgery]. PMID- 6609262 TI - [Surgical treatment for myocardial bridging associated with obstructive coronary lesions]. PMID- 6609263 TI - Establishment and characterization of a human T-cell leukemia line (LALW-2) in nude mice. AB - Lymphoblasts from the peripheral blood of a 10-year-old boy who was treated for T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia were heterotransplanted intraocularly into nude mice. The resultant tumors and their metastases were serially passaged both intraocularly and subcutaneously in the mice. The mouse tumors closely resembled morphologically and cytochemically a human T-cell lymphoma. The primary cells, as well as cells from subsequent in vivo passages, were predominantly of a suppressor T-cell phenotype (OKT8-positive). No viral products were identified. Chromosome analysis revealed a near-diploid karyotype with a translocation between chromosomes 11 and 14. The tumorigenicity, morphology, cytochemistry, immunologic phenotype, and karyotypic pattern of the cells remained constant through six serial in vivo passages over a period of 10 months. This is the first report of direct heterotransplantation and long-term in vivo maintenance of primary human T-cells in immunologically unmanipulated nude mice. PMID- 6609264 TI - Alterations in cell surface phenotype of T- and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells following in vitro differentiation by phorbol ester. AB - The phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) was used for the induction of in vitro differentiation in primary cultures of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells to study its effects on B-cell antigens [surface IgG, HLA-DR, and the mouse erythrocyte receptor (MR)] and on T-cell antigens [T65 and Lyt-3 (sheep erythrocyte receptor)] found on these cells. Three distinct phenotypes were studied: 1) the common phenotype (slg+, HLA-DR+, MR+, T65+, Lyt-3-); 2) the T cell phenotype (slg-, HLA-DR-, MR-, T65+, Lyt-3+); and 3) a unique phenotype (slg , HLA-DR+, MR+, T65+, Lyt-3-). In both the common and unique phenotypes, TPA increased the expression of T65 and HLA-DR, decreased the formation of MR, and induced cytoplasmic immunoglobulin, but it did not induce Lyt-3. In the unique phenotype, TPA also induced surface immunoglobulin. These data suggest that both the common and unique phenotypes are derived from the same lineage, probably B cell. In the T-cell phenotype, TPA increased the expression of T65 and Lyt-3, but it did not induce any B-cell antigens. These data suggest that the T-cell phenotype is derived from a T-cell lineage distinct from the two B-cell phenotypes. PMID- 6609265 TI - Increased adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity and a shift from ADA-dependent to ADA-independent phases during T-cell activation: a paradox. AB - During activation of WF rat splenic T-cells, a change occurs with respect to susceptibility to a toxic accumulation of adenosine or deoxyadenosine (dADO) in the presence of adenosine deaminase (ADA) blockade. Addition of nucleoside 1 hour after the initiation of a concanavalin A response in the presence of 2'deoxycoformycin (DCF) markedly inhibited the response, whereas delay of addition of the nucleoside for 24-48 hours resulted in minimal or no inhibition. Inhibition was not simply the result of prolonged incubation of cells in the presence of nucleoside and was apparently not attributable to an effect on proliferating cells. Addition of interleukin 2 (IL-2) to cultures containing DCF and dADO did not reverse the inhibitory effect, which suggests that IL-2 producing T-cells also were not the target of nucleoside toxicity. A twofold increase in ADA activity that occurred during T-cell activation was nonessential for the survival of mitogen-activated T-cells in the presence of toxic concentrations of dADO and did not account for an apparent increased resistance of these cells to nucleoside toxicity. These paradoxical observations prompted an analysis of ADA activity in various populations of activated T-cells enriched with cells in G0/G1, S, or G2+M cell-cycle phases, which indicated that increased ADA activity was not associated with a specific period during cell-cycle traverse, but, rather, coincided with cell enlargement in preparation for mitosis. In conclusion, either an early event in T-cell mitogenesis is highly susceptible to nucleoside toxicity or a mechanism independent of ADA is acquired during T-cell activation that allows proliferating T-cells to resist toxic concentrations of nucleoside. PMID- 6609266 TI - Generation of lytic and proliferative lymphoid clones to syngeneic tumor: in vitro and in vivo studies. AB - T-cell clones that exhibited both lytic and proliferative activity for the syngeneic FBL-3 lymphoma were isolated from in vitro sensitization cultures. These clones were Lyt-2+ and proliferated specifically to the FBL-3 lymphoma but not to other tumors of C57BL/6 origin, allogeneic tumor, or C57BL/6 normal lymphocytes. Adoptive transfer of clones exhibiting both proliferative and cytotoxic activity prolonged survival and occasionally cured the animals of disseminated FBL-3 lymphomas, while T-cell clones exhibiting lytic but no proliferative activity conferred no survival benefit compared to the survival seen among animals receiving no treatment. PMID- 6609267 TI - [Functional state of the cardiovascular system in patients with chronic coronary insufficiency 12 months after direct myocardial revascularization depending on the bypass patency]. AB - A comparative study of the functional state of the cardiovascular system (CVS) in the presence of chronic heart failure was performed 12 months following direct myocardial revascularization. It involved 49 patients with open aortal coronary bypasses and 20 patients with bypass occlusion. The CVS functional state was assessed by both invasive and noninvasive methods of investigation. The bypass patency was associated with an improvement in the patients' subjective conditions, an increased exercise tolerance and better indices of the left ventricle function. It is inferred that successful revascularization of the myocardium by an aortal coronary bypass produces a considerable therapeutic effect on the CVS functional state in patients with chronic heart failure. PMID- 6609268 TI - Symptoms and activation of granulocytes and complement with two dialysis membranes. AB - Complement (C) activation, neutropenia, and mild pulmonary dysfunction attend hemodialysis (HD) with cellophane [for example, cuprophan (Cu)] membranes. While usually asymptomatic, these phenomena may cause distress in patients with cardiopulmonary disease, and "start-up" symptoms of HD might be mediated by C stimulated granulocytes (PMNs). Cellulose acetate (CA) hemodialysis membranes have been devised and claimed more blood compatible than Cu. In a blinded series of HD patients, pruritus, fatigue, and sense of well-being were each scored statistically more favorably by the patients during HD with CA than during HD with Cu (P less than 0.05). Postulating that less C activation might underlie the benefit, we showed that neutropenia was less severe with CA (nadir 77.6% of initial count, +/- 4 SEM) than with Cu (38.3% +/- 2.9; P less than 0.01). In vitro, incubation of CA membranes with plasma led to less C3 conversion (20% vs. 40%), less PMN aggregating activity (5.9 ZAP units vs. 36.3) and less decrement in CH50 (6.5% vs. 22%) than like incubations of Cu. C activation was also less potent in vivo: During HD plasma C3a rose from a mean 401 ng/ml to a peak 6,325 in patients on Cu dialyzers, but from 426 to only 3,637 in patients on CA devices (P less than 0.05). Time-course studies suggested CA was initially as potent an activator as Cu but rapidly lost ability to activate C, possibly because of saturation of C3b binding sites. As an index of PMN activation, we also assayed plasma lactoferrin and found levels significantly higher during Cu than CA dialysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6609269 TI - Anaphylatoxin formation during hemodialysis: effects of different dialyzer membranes. AB - Measurable complement activation resulting in the formation of both C3a and C5a anaphylatoxins was observed in 12 patients undergoing maintenance dialysis treatment with cuprophan hollow fiber dialyzers. Specific radioimmunoassay measurements demonstrated that these patients displayed significantly elevated levels of C3a antigen in the venous (outflow) line of the dialyzer after only 2 min of dialysis. During hemodialysis, venous plasma C3a levels continued to increase and became maximally elevated after 15 min. Thereafter, C3a concentrations gradually declined, suggesting that the rate of complement activation abates with continued cuprophan hemodialysis. Complement activation, as judged by venous plasma C3a levels, was also temporally correlated with hemodialysis leukopenia. The factor believed to be responsible for pulmonary vascular leukosequestration, C5a, could also be detected in venous plasma, but levels of this antigen were not strikingly elevated until the later stages of dialysis. By contrast, six patients dialyzed with polyacrylonitrile dialyzers failed to exhibit hemodialysis leukopenia and displayed only very modest increases in their plasma C3a levels during the initial phases of hemodialysis. These observations provide direct evidence that anaphylatoxin formation during hemodialysis is a transient phenomenon and indicate that the biocompatibility of dialysis membranes, as reflected by their complement activating potential, may be significantly different. PMID- 6609270 TI - Anaphylatoxin formation during hemodialysis: comparison of new and re-used dialyzers. AB - Hemodialysis of 11 endstage renal failure patients with new cuprophan hollow fiber dialyzers produced significant leukopenia as well as increased plasma levels of both C3a and C5a antigens during the initial phases of the procedure. Formalin-fixed new dialyzers produced quantitatively similar phenomena in eight of these same patients. By contrast, hemodialysis with re-used dialyzers, that is dialyzers exposed to blood prior to formalin sterilization, produced only a 20 to 30% decline in peripheral blood leukocyte counts. Correspondingly, C3a antigen formation within re-used dialyzers was only 20% of that observed in new dialyzers. Re-used dialyzers also differed significantly from either new or formalin-fixed new dialyzers in that C3b antigen could be readily detected within them even after extensive washing. These observations suggest that C3b deposition on the cellulosic membrane surface during first use markedly diminishes the complement activating potential of cuprophan dialyzers when they are subsequently re-used. PMID- 6609271 TI - [Endovascular interventions in treating acute gastroduodenal hemorrhages]. PMID- 6609272 TI - [Endoscopic arrest of gastroduodenal hemorrhages using an injection of a hemostatic mixture]. PMID- 6609273 TI - [Procedure in endovascular interventions in hemorrhages from the upper sections of the digestive tract]. PMID- 6609274 TI - [Specialized surgical care in acute gastrointestinal hemorrhages]. PMID- 6609275 TI - [Prevention and the surgical procedure in complications following vagotomy]. PMID- 6609276 TI - [Candida albicans endophthalmitis. Results of pars plana vitrectomy without intraocular antimycotic therapy]. AB - An early pars plana vitrectomy was performed without any additional intravitreal antimycotic therapy in 8 eyes of 5 patients with candida endophthalmitis; anatomic healing with a good functional result was obtained. The good prognosis of vitrectomy without intravitreal antimycotic therapy in our patients is seen in (1) a total surgical extraction of the abscess and (2) the better intraocular ventilation obtained for endogenous resistance. PMID- 6609277 TI - [Main results of the medical research in the Saliut 6-Soiuz program]. AB - In 1977-1981 the Soviet Union launched 18 manned space missions under the Salyut 6--Soyuz program which included five flights of prime crews for 96, 140, 175, 185, and 75 days and eleven flights of visiting crews. Altogether 30 cosmonauts, including 9 crewmembers from other than the USSR socialist countries, took part in the program. Emphasis was given to the medical investigations, since their purpose was not only to assess the health status of the crewmembers and to investigate their responses to prolonged weightlessness, but also to identify the maximum allowable flight time. PMID- 6609278 TI - [Effect of centrifugation on the viability of the young larvae of the common frog]. PMID- 6609279 TI - External application of antibiotic to improve survival of adult laboratory frogs (Rana pipiens). AB - Survival data for over 500 adult frogs (393 Rana pipiens, 35 Rana clamitans , and 97 Rana temporaria) obtained from commercial suppliers were accumulated. Frogs which developed signs of red-leg disease while being kept in 0.15% saline were cured by addition of appropriate antibiotics to the saline. The appropriate antibiotic was determined by sensitivity testing of bacteria isolated from the sick frogs. When many frogs in a shipment were sick, prophylactic treatment of the entire shipment improved the overall survival in the shipment. PMID- 6609280 TI - Protamine-induced circulatory changes. AB - The effects of rapid protamine administration via the left and right atria were compared. Preliminary studies first confirmed the safety of protamine administration via these routes, although decreases of up to 20 mm Hg were seen in the systolic blood pressure following protamine injection via the right atrium. Seventeen patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft were studied, of whom nine received protamine via the right atrium and eight via the left atrium. Measurements of arterial pressure, left and right atrial pressure, cardiac output, and calculation of systemic vascular resistance and left ventricular stroke work index were made before and after protamine administration. Plasma histamine levels were measured in left atrial blood samples in 10 patients, before and after protamine injection. No significant change occurred after injection via the left atrial route, whereas a significant decrease in the systolic blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance with a transient increase in the cardiac index occurred after protamine administration via the right atrium. Plasma histamine levels were significantly higher after right atrial injection. It is concluded that histamine is released as protamine traverses the lungs following right atrial injection and produces peripheral vasodilation. Possible mechanisms for histamine release are discussed. PMID- 6609281 TI - Aorta-coronary bypass in patients with coronary artery disease who do not have angina. AB - During an 8 year period we performed coronary bypass operations in 118 consecutive patients who were not experiencing angina when selected for surgical treatment. Their mean age was 45 years, collectively they had had 87 myocardial infarcts, and 42% had at least moderately abnormal ventriculograms. Considering 50% coronary stenosis "significant," 9% had single-, 23% double-, and 68% triple vessel disease; 15% had left main coronary artery disease also. Operations, which involved placing a mean of 3.6 grafts per patient, included 39 endarterectomies and 11 ventricular aneurysm repairs. There were no operative deaths, but eight (6.8%) died during a mean 6.7 year follow-up. A retrospective comparison was made between these 118 patients and a consecutive series of 605 others, mean age 46 years, having angina and also treated surgically during the same period. Five (0.83%) of these latter patients died perioperatively and 42 (6.9%) during a mean follow-up of 6.4 years. The no-angina patients had significantly more prior myocardial infarcts and more abnormal ventriculograms; the angina group had a significantly higher reoperation rate. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in age, coronary disease severity, results of treadmill testing, number of grafted vessels, endarterectomies, ventricular aneurysm repairs, perioperative infarcts, operative or late mortality, or early, 1 year, and 5 year graft patency rates. We have concluded that, with the exception of cardiac ischemia warning, our patients without angina, treated surgically, were similar in most important respects to patients in a concurrent series in which angina was one of the indications for operation. We believe that coronary bypass is safe for such individuals without angina and probably as as effective as for those with cardiac pain. PMID- 6609283 TI - Clinical significance of autorosette-forming cells in T-cell lymphoma. AB - The capability to form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes (E), antibody-complement sensitized ox erythrocytes (EAC) and autologous erythrocytes (ARFC), and surface immunoglobulin determinations were studied using 21 lymph nodes and one tonsil with pathologically-proven non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 10 lymph nodes with benign pathology. Fourteen of 22 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients (64%) had a high incidence of E-rosette formation and they were further differentiated into ARFC positive and ARFC-negative lymphomas. The clinicopathological findings of the latter were compatible with those of adult T-cell leukemia. ARFC-positive lymphoma was regarded as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of T-cell type and one patient showed lymphoblastic lymphoma with high ARFC counts. ARFC counts were very low in B-cell and non-T, non-B lymphomas. The results from benign lymph nodes were too variable to draw any conclusion, although ARFC counts were relatively high in lymphadenitis and hyperplasia. PMID- 6609282 TI - Characterization of thymocytes expressing the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen. AB - We studied the relationship between CALLA + thymocytes and two known markers of T lymphocyte differentiation, Tdt and the sheep erythrocyte receptor. Thymocytes were studied using double fluorochrome analysis (with monoclonal anti-CALLA antibody and anti-Tdt) before and after E rosette separation. We found that approx. 4% of unseparated thymocytes were CALLA + and that most CALLA + cells were also Tdt +. After E rosettes separation CALLA + Tdt + cells were found mostly in the ER- fraction (20% of ER- cells) while only 1.0% of ER + cells were CALLA +. The expression of CALLA on ER- Tdt + thymocytes suggests that CALLA may define cells early in T-cell differentiation. PMID- 6609284 TI - Effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide and X-irradiation on the production of colony-stimulating factor and the maintenance of granulopoiesis in bone marrow culture. AB - Effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and X-irradiation on CSF production and granulopoiesis in long-term bone marrow cultures were studied. Levels of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) increased soon after the refeeding of the culture, but the activity was undetectable at day 7. Addition of LPS induced a significant increase in CSF levels in the culture, followed by an elevated granulopoiesis. The increase in CSF levels was suppressed when culture medium that had been harvested at refeeding on day 7 was added. Although irradiation did not increase CSF production, granulopoiesis was markedly stimulated shortly after irradiation. Thus granulopoiesis in long-term bone marrow culture may also be regulated by humoral factors such as CSF, and the culture system may represent the in vivo response to haemopoietic stimuli. PMID- 6609285 TI - [Education through case studies by SOAP]. PMID- 6609287 TI - [Value of antithrombin III determination in chronic liver diseases]. PMID- 6609286 TI - Autostimulatory lymphoid cells in aging mice: induction of syngeneic host-versus graft reaction by radioresistant adherent cells in normal recipients. AB - When young (6-week-old) BALB/c and also young C57BL/6 mice were inoculated into footpads with spleen cells from normal, syngeneic, aged donors, their response to the inoculum resulted in the enlargement of popliteal lymph nodes (PLN). The degree of PLN enlargement increased as the age of donor mice increased up to age one year. Spleen and lymph node cell populations were highly effective in eliciting the PLN enlargement. Thymus cells and bone marrow cells were moderately effective, but erythrocytes were ineffective. Resident peritoneal exudate cells and spleen adherent cells were much more effective than a whole spleen cell population. The syngeneic response seems to be attributable to a host-versus graft reaction, since the PLN response was not affected by 2000 rad irradiation of inoculum cells and since the nylon wool-passed spleen T cell population was ineffective as the stimulator. The response was significantly reduced 3 weeks after thymectomy of recipients. PLN enlargement was also observed in older (7 month-old) mice which received spleen cells of younger mice. In this case, however, the response is ascribable to a graft-versus-host reaction, since the inoculation of radiosensitive spleen T cells into footpads resulted in the PLN enlargement. On the other hand, such a stimulatory activity was not found in either lymph node cells or thymus cells. These results suggest that the antigenicity of adherent cells changes with age and that the change is discernible by spleen-locating and short-lived T cells of young mice. PMID- 6609288 TI - [Thymoma associated with erythroblastopenia and hypogammaglobulinemia with an increase in the T8+ lymphocyte subpopulation]. PMID- 6609289 TI - [Changes in serum alpha 1-antitrypsin in benign and malignant breast diseases]. PMID- 6609290 TI - [Why do esophageal varices bleed?]. PMID- 6609291 TI - [Deficiency of 17 alpha-hydroxylase. Presentation of 3 new cases]. PMID- 6609292 TI - [Kearns-Sayre syndrome from the otorhinolaryngologic viewpoint]. AB - External ophthalmoplegia, retinal pigmentary degeneration and heart block constitute the trias of Kearns-Sayre's syndrome. The aetiology of this disorder of oxidative metabolism is unknown. This syndrome must be more frequent than described. In the ENT field there is an extensive lack of differentiated data. Central neural and peripheral hearing disorders and vestibular disorders are in fact significant, as are also dysphagia, hoarseness and dysarthria in consequence of central and peripheral disorders in muscular function. The authors report on ENT findings in 4 patients with verified Kearns-Sayre's syndrome. Progression of central disorders enhances an unfavourable prognosis. Histochemical, biochemical and electron microscopic data are still lacking for the proper grading and assessment of clinical findings. PMID- 6609294 TI - Developmental aspects of motivation to drink: a cross-sectional investigation. PMID- 6609293 TI - The clinical significance of radionuclide bone and gallium scanning in osteomyelitis of the head and neck. AB - Osteomyelitis of the head and neck remains a difficult clinical problem both in diagnosis and treatment evaluation. The purpose of this manuscript is to review our clinical experience with 25 cases of osteomyelitis distributed evenly among the temporal bone and skull base, the paranasal sinuses, and the mandible. Radionuclide bone and gallium scan images accurately depicted the biologic activity of the disease process and permitted accurate treatment evaluation and patient monitoring. This work demonstrates the potentials and limitations of radionuclide imaging with bone and gallium scan agents and attempts to define a role for their contemporary use in the management of osteomyelitis of the head and neck. PMID- 6609295 TI - Assay of ristocetin cofactor: experience with a platelet counting technique. PMID- 6609296 TI - [Radionuclide study of reticuloendothelial system function]. AB - The authors propose a new method for the interpretation of the measurement data obtained during radionuclide investigations of the function of the reticuloendothelial system (RES). This method is upon the concept of a considerable effect of the blood opsonizing factor on the transport of i.v. injected radioactive colloid in the body. A non-linear compartmental model was developed that describes the binding of colloid particles with opsonins in the vascular bed followed by absorption of the particles of the colloid-opsonin complex by RES cells. The identification of the parameters of the non-linear model by the results of dynamic scintigraphy of the heart and liver makes it possible to explain some phenomena in the measurement data and to assess the relative amount of opsonins in the blood and RES phagocytic activity as a whole and its constituents. It was shown in particular in the studies on patients with hepatocirrhosis that the amount of opsonins in the blood remains almost the same as compared to the normal one whereas the phagocytic activity of RES on the whole, hepatic stellate cells and RES extrahepatic cells decreases significantly. PMID- 6609297 TI - [Methodological and procedural problems in radiation diagnosis]. PMID- 6609298 TI - Renovascular hypertension. PMID- 6609299 TI - Surgeon on bypass. PMID- 6609300 TI - Bentiromide--a test of pancreatic insufficiency. PMID- 6609301 TI - [Importance of the correlation of the DNCB and T lymphocyte test in the evaluation of cellular immunity in various forms of glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6609302 TI - [Kidney patients and the dental surgery risk]. PMID- 6609303 TI - First-year results of a new coronary bypass program. PMID- 6609304 TI - [Problem in myocardial protection in coronary artery bypass surgery; regional difference of myocardial tolerance to global ischemia]. AB - This study was aimed to evaluate the hypothesis that the left ventricular myocardium has different resistance to ischemic stress, thus, perioperative myocardial infarction occurs in the myocardium with poor resistance to ischemia. Patients who died of acute low output syndrome after coronary artery bypass graft under potassium induced cardioplegia associated with topical and systemic hypothermia were studied by histopathology of the left ventricular muscle taken at the time of autopsy. Distal regions of the myocardium to various degree of stenosis of the coronary artery were selected for examination. Ischemic myocardial damage that appears most likely the events in the perioperative period was observed sporadically in the normal myocardial architecture independent of the degree of stenosis of the coronary arteries. Thus, this result suggests that the regional myocardium has different resistance to global ischemia, and it may be responsible to perioperative myocardial infarction. PMID- 6609305 TI - [Surgical management of the gastroesophageal varices--experience with 118 cases]. AB - Between June 1968 and May 1982, 118 patients with esophagogastric varices due to portal hypertension were treated and one hundred thirteen of these underwent surgical interventions. Ninety-eight patients had liver cirrhosis, fourteen were diagnosed idiopathic portal hypertension and one was diagnosed extrahepatic portal obstruction. More progressed impairment of hepatic function and severe manifestation of clinical symptoms were observed in the cirrhotics, compared with those in non-cirrhotics. We preferred the one-staged combined procedure of transthoracic esophageal transection, transdiaphragmatic splenectomy and paraesophagogastric devascularization, because of its therapeutic effectiveness and technical feasibility. Splenectomy with or without proximal gastrectomy was chosen for the remaining small number of the patients. While the overall operative mortality was 12.4%, 14 patients (13.5%) succumbed within a month after esophageal transection. These procedures were contraindicated for the patient with uncontrollable ascites, jaundice and encephalopathy and should be carried out electively because of high mortality of emergent operation. PMID- 6609306 TI - Preparation of T-lymphocyte lines and clones with specificities to preselected protein sites by in vitro passage with free synthetic peptides: demonstration with myoglobin sites. AB - Recently, this laboratory has demonstrated that antibodies to preselected regions of a protein can be obtained by immunization with free small synthetic peptides (6-7 residues) without conjugation to a carrier. In the present work, we report the use of free synthetic peptides representing myoglobin (Mb) antigenic sites to prepare T-cell lines and clones of preselected specificities. Lymph node cells from mice primed in vivo with sperm-whale Mb were periodically passaged in vitro with synthetic peptide. After several passages, the peptide-driven long term T cell cultures responded to the intact protein and exclusively to the peptide that was used to drive the cells. From these cultures, T-cell clones were prepared that responded only to the driving peptide and to the whole protein. The ability to prepare T-cell lines and T-cell clones with preselected submolecular specificities to a protein by driving cultures with desired synthetic peptides affords an important and simple tool for basic immunological investigations and for clinical applications. PMID- 6609307 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 20-1984. Persistent fever in a 27-year-old man after a motor vehicle accident. PMID- 6609308 TI - Dipyridamole and aspirin and patency of coronary bypass grafts. PMID- 6609309 TI - Reiter's syndrome and reactive arthritis. PMID- 6609310 TI - Induction of tolerance to self in T lymphocytes. PMID- 6609311 TI - Self tolerance is H-2-restricted. AB - H-2 restriction is an established characteristic of T-cell behaviour and, in effect, it means that mouse T cells are activated against foreign antigens only if those antigens are presented in a membrane association with molecules of the mouse major histocompatibility complex, H-2. Whether T-cell inactivation or tolerance is also H-2-restricted is a question which has been tested directly and indirectly several times in the past. In each case the answer was 'No' but in each case the answer was inconclusive. Doubts arose because of the observation that activation of T cells, in vivo, is an H-2-restricted event which appears unrestricted because of antigen processing by the host. If antigen processing is involved in the induction of tolerance, then tolerance might also be an H-2 restricted process disguised to appear unrestricted. We report here a study designed to minimize antigen processing in which we find that T-cell tolerance induction to 'self' minor histocompatibility (H) antigens is indeed H-2 restricted. PMID- 6609312 TI - Isolation and characterization of human calcitonin gene-related peptide. AB - The rat calcitonin gene has recently been shown to encode a novel peptide (rat calcitonin gene-related peptide, rCGRP) thought to be produced in nervous tissue after tissue-specific RNA processing. This peptide has so far been identified only in rat tissue, by immunocytochemistry and immunoassay. We now report the isolation of a related (89% homology) peptide from human tissue (hCGRP) which we have sequenced using a novel mass spectrometric approach, fast atom bombardment (FAB) mapping. The human peptide differs significantly from the predicted rCGRP structure in four positions in the amino acid sequence (three effecting charge changes), and the presence of a disulphide bridge and an amide, surmised in the rat work, is proven in the hCGRP molecule. hCGRP was present in plasma from 10 patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and in 6 MTC tumours removed at surgery, suggesting the tissue distribution may differ from that in the rat where the peptide is reported to be absent from thyroid tissue. hCGRP is shown to have biological activity and it is possible that its presence in MTC plasma may be responsible for some of the symptoms in this disease. PMID- 6609313 TI - Inversion of chromosome 14 marks human T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. AB - Rare cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) in man stem from the malignant proliferation of T cells. The disease is usually more aggressive clinically than B-cell-derived CLL. Various haematological tumours are associated with specific chromosome aberrations (for example, refs 1, 2). Only limited numbers of T-cell CLL patients have so far been studied cytogenetically and, whereas chromosome 12 seems particularly to be involved in B-cell CLL, several markers have been found in T-cell tumours. Recently, by stimulating malignant clones with different mitogens, novel chromosome abnormalities have been detected in T-cell CLL. Using the same approach for additional cases of T-cell CLL, we now report that the most consistent chromosome change is an inversion of the long arm of chromosome 14, inv(14)(q11 q32), in four of five patients. Another remarkable chromosome aberration is trisomy for the long arm of chromosome 8, found in three of five patients. PMID- 6609314 TI - Human large granular lymphocytes are potent producers of interleukin-1. AB - Natural killer (NK) activity against tumour and virus-infected target cells is shown by a subpopulation of peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes with the morphological features of large granular lymphocytes (LGL). The lineage of human LGL is still controversial, as they display surface markers of both T lymphocytes and myelomonocytic cells. LGL have recently been reported to produce lymphokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2) and alpha- as well as gamma-interferons, functions associated mainly with T cells. To determine whether cytokines associated with other cell lineages are also produced by LGL, we examined whether they might produce a myelomonocyte -associated cytokine such as interleukin-1 (IL-1). IL-1 is a 12-18,000 molecular weight (MW) lymphokine produced by a variety of cell types such as monocytes, keratinocytes and a human dendritic cell line, which plays a crucial role in immunoregulation and inflammation. Moreover, IL-1 has recently been reported to act synergistically with IL-2 and interferons in boosting LGL-mediated NK activity. We now show that a subset of highly purified human LGL with NK activity can be stimulated to secrete a soluble factor with the biochemical and biological characteristics of human IL-1. PMID- 6609315 TI - A novel human lymphokine that inhibits haematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation. AB - T lymphocytes in culture synthesize and secrete a variety of factors that activate and guide the differentiation, replication and maturation of haematopoietic cells in vitro. Malignant T-cell lines as well as T-cell hybridomas producing several of these factors have been established. We report here a factor produced by a human cell line that exerts a potent inhibitory effect on the growth of bone marrow progenitor cells. The properties of this factor, which we have termed colony-inhibiting lymphokine ( CIL ), differ from other inhibitors of haematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation, but resemble those of a T-cell-derived factor causally linked with some cases of severe aplastic anaemia in humans. Sensitivity of cells to this factor appears to correlate positively with expression of HLA-DR surface antigens. PMID- 6609317 TI - [Ultraviolet rays, skin cancer and immunology]. PMID- 6609316 TI - [A patient with opportunistic infections due to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. PMID- 6609318 TI - [Arachnoid cysts of the cerebellopontile angle]. AB - Ten cases of arachnoid cysts of the ponto-cerebellar angle are presented. In most cases, local arachnoiditis is disclosed during surgery, directing the discussion toward acquired pathology, and perhaps toward local infection. The clinical symptoms are dominated by the cochleo-vestibular deficit, but the involvement of the V and the VII cranial nerves is inconstant and discreet. At the present time, C.T. scan allows a rapid diagnosis but the prognosis must be reserved, in account to the possibility of a local post operatory arachnoiditis . PMID- 6609319 TI - [Effects of TCGF (T-cell growth factor) on experimental malignant glioma-specific killer T-cell]. AB - The immunoregulatory effects of TCGF (T-cell growth factor) on the generation and growth of syngeneic murine malignant glioma (20-methylcholanthrene-induced 203 glioma)-specific killer T-cell were investigated in C57BL/6 adult mice in order to clarify the immunopotential usefulness for anti-tumor local adoptive immunotherapy against malignant brain tumor. TCGF was prepared and assayed. Briefly, 5 x 10(6) ml mouse spleen cells were cultured with 2 microgram/ml concanavalin A in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 2% fetal calf serum for 24 hours. Culture supernatants were concentrated by ammonium sulphate precipitation (55 to 80% saturation) and purified by gel filtration (Sephadex G-100, a molecular weight from 30 to 36,000 daltons) and ion exchange chromatography (DEAE cellulose, elution with 0.15 M in NaCl at ph 7.4). The purified TCGF had no IFN activity. Assays for TCGF was performed for quantitative analysis using 203 glioma-specific killer T cell clone (G-CTLL), which was obtained by limiting dilution method (0.3 cells/well in 96 well microtiter plate) and maintained for over 6 months in the presence of TCGF. Titer (U/ml) of TCGF was defined as the quantity of TCGF required to obtain one-half of the maximal stimulation of G-CTLL proliferation assay. It was confirmed that the specific killer T-cell against 203 glioma was generated in mice after intracranial as well as subcutaneous inoculation of the tumor cells. The killer T-cell activity of spleen cells, however, began to be severely impaired 2 weeks after intracranial inoculation concurrently with the increased intracranial pressure due to developing the tumor growth. Sensitized lymphocytes obtained from intracranial and subcutaneous tumor bearing mice were assessed for CTL (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte) activity in MLTC (mixed lymphocyte-tumor cell culture) for 18 hours by microcytotoxicity assay. The specific cytotoxicity against 203-glioma cells was enhanced when sensitized lymphocytes from intracranial and subcutaneous tumor-bearing mice were pre cultured with optimal TCGF (20 U/ml) for over 5 days. After the treatment of sensitized lymphocytes with anti-Thy-1 monoclonal antibody and complement, however, the specific cytotoxicity of sensitized lymphocytes was eliminated almost completely. Therefore, it was thought that TCGF possesses immunoregulatory effects of enhancement of killer T-cell activity. On the contrary, TCGF had no influence on normal T lymphocytes and the growth of 203-glioma cells in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6609320 TI - Ultrastructure of arborization receptor terminals. PMID- 6609321 TI - Dynamics of maculo-ocular reflexes in the frog. AB - Compensatory torsional and vertical eye movements were recorded in the frog during sinusoidal linear acceleration along the longitudinal and transverse body axes, respectively. Stimulus frequencies ranged between 0.1 and 1.0 Hz and peak accelerations from 0.01 g to 0.1 g corresponding to body tilts ranging from 0.57 to 5.7 degrees. In addition, static compensatory eye movements were studied during fore-and-aft and lateral body tilt over ranges of +/- 10 degrees. The evoked eye movements were generally quite small (+/- 0.5 degree). Dynamic gain (rotation of the eye/apparent rotation of gravity direction) was 0.10-0.20 at 0.1 Hz and decreased to about 0.05 at 1.0 Hz. The gain of vertical eye movements was somewhat higher than that of torsional eye movements. Phase lag relative to peak accelerations increased from about 10 degrees to about 45 degrees over the same frequency range. Static compensatory eye movements evoked by nose-up and ipsilateral side-up tilt were larger in amplitude than those evoked by nose-down and ipsilateral side-down tilt. Static gain (rotation of the eye/tilt of the whole body) was about 0.10 for vertical and about 0.06 for torsional eye movements. No consistent eye movements could be evoked by vertical sinusoidal accelerations (maximal modulation amplitudes +/- 0.025 g). The results indicate that, as in other vertebrates, maculo-ocular reflexes contribute to gaze stabilization in the frog mainly during low frequency and static head and body tilts. PMID- 6609322 TI - [Stress ulcers in a surgical intensive care unit. Analysis of risk factors and the role of cimetidine as prevention]. PMID- 6609323 TI - [Amino acid composition of osteocalcin in the maxillary bone of cats]. PMID- 6609324 TI - Inhibition of aerobic glycolysis in normal and neoplastic lymphoid cells induced by Lonidamine [1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-I-H-indazol-3-carboxylic acid]. AB - The in vitro inhibitory activity of Lonidamine on the aerobic glycolysis of normal as well as leukemic lymphocytes has been investigated. The extent of the impairment of lactate production induced by Lonidamine on normal thymus (T)- and bone marrow (B)-derived lymphocytes was found to be dependent on their source of origin, i.e. residing or circulating pool. Among leukemia tested 'null' and B cell leukemias appeared the most affected metabolically by the compound. Administration in vivo of the drug to the patient with B cell chronic leukemia resulted in a decrease of lactate production by leukemic cells comparable to that induced in vitro. These metabolic changes were paralleled in normal, as well as in leukemic cells by ultrastructural lesions, mainly confined to the mitochondrial compartment. PMID- 6609325 TI - [Effect of heterogeneous inductors on the ectoderm of the early gastrula in Rana temporaria in vitro. 5. Biochemical analysis of induction-active extracts from chick embryo retina and brain]. AB - The water extracts from the retina and brain of 7-8-day old chick embryos were centrifuged at 20,000 g; sediments were discarded and supernatants were additionally centrifuged at 110,000 g. The inductive activity of supernatants (20,000 and 110,000 g) and sediments (110,000 g) was estimated in vitro on the Rana temporaria early gastrula ectoderm. The neutralizing activity was related exclusively to the soluble fractions of the extracts from the chick embryo retina and brain. The lens-inducing activity appeared to be characteristic of both the supernatants and the microsome fractions of these extracts. A comparative biochemical analysis of the extracts (isoelectrofocusing, electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate, electroblotting) has shown that the chick embryo retina and brain are similar by the spectrum and properties of peptides. It is suggested that the similarity of the extracts inducing effect on the early gastrula ectoderm is due to the presence of the same proteins (peptides) in the retina and brain. Peptides with a positive immunohistochemical reaction to vimentin and peptides of neurofilaments were found in trace quantities in the retina and brain extracts by means of immunoelectroblotting. PMID- 6609326 TI - Birdshot retinochoroidopathy. PMID- 6609327 TI - Open-angle glaucoma associated with posterior polymorphous dystrophy. A clinicopathologic study. AB - Clinical and histopathologic features of a 62-year-old black man with posterior polymorphous dystrophy and open-angle glaucoma requiring trabeculectomy are reported. The surgical procedure was modified to allow en bloc resection of the deep limbal tissue and peripheral iris. Light and electron microscopy of the specimen revealed a high insertion of the iris into the posterior portion of the trabecular meshwork with compression of the intertrabecular spaces. These findings are similar to changes that have been reported in primary congenital glaucoma and suggest a developmental anomaly of the anterior chamber angle in this form of glaucoma associated with posterior polymorphous dystrophy. PMID- 6609328 TI - [Mechanisms of electrostimulation of bone reparations]. PMID- 6609330 TI - [Experience with the use of direct electric current in the treatment of osteomyelitis]. PMID- 6609329 TI - [Constant electric field of active osteogenesis and its use in the treatment of patients with various bone diseases]. PMID- 6609331 TI - [Study of human red blood cells in lymphogranulomatosis by the H-rosette formation test]. PMID- 6609332 TI - [Ultrasound echography (A-scan) of the cerebral ventricles in newborn infants: its relation to the degree of maturity and clinical significance]. AB - Since during fetal development the intracerebral ventricular system shows characteristic changes wer tried to varify wether there is a relationship between the width of the ventricles of the newborn and the degree of maturity. In 304 neurologically healthy newborn infants (28. until 42. weeks of gestation) the ventricular diameters in the region of body of the lateral ventricles were measured by ultrasound (A-mode) once between the third and eight day of life. In addition the cella-media-indices were calculated. With increasing maturation we found wider ventricles. Also the cella-media-indices were higher in the more mature infants which we believe is the result from growth of cerebral substance in the last third of pregnancy. Small-for-date infants born at term showed significantly lower cella-media-indices than normal weight term babies (p less than 0,01). These results may help interprete sonographic and computertomographic measurements of the premature ventricles. The significance of ventricular diameters smaller or larger than our normal values is not yet exactly understood and further studies are needed. PMID- 6609333 TI - The electrical stimulation of motor nerve and muscle. PMID- 6609334 TI - Non-specific potentiation of T- and B-lymphocyte proliferation at the early stage of infection by Schistosoma mansoni: role of factors secreted by the larvae. AB - The response of rat lymphocytes to schistosomula released products (SRP) was examined. SRP non-specifically activated lymphocytes by potentiating their proliferative response to PHA, Con A or LPS. The parasite factor involved was dialysable and heat stable. The addition of SRP to cultures containing nylon-wool non-adherent lymph node cells resulted in a significant enhancement of cell proliferation. The effect of SRP on athymic nude (Nu/Nu) and litter mate (Nu/+) control rat cells indicated an effect on the proliferation of both B and T lymphocytes. SRP acted in a dose-dependent manner and its action was observed as early as the beginning of cell division. This corresponds to the in vivo situation, since at the early stage of infection increased proliferative responses of the lymph node cells to mitogens were observed. The adjuvant effect of SRP could partly explain the regulation of the cellular immune response observed during S. mansoni infection by the parasite itself and could represent one of the mechanisms involved in immunity to reinfection that is under the control of the parasite. PMID- 6609335 TI - Induction by specific T lymphocytes of intracellular destruction of Leishmania major in infected murine macrophages. AB - The following cell populations derived from lymph nodes of mice primed in vivo with living Leishmania major promastigotes were tested for their capacity to induce parasiticidal activity in L. major-infected macrophages: a L. major-primed lymph node cells, draining lymph node cells from mice primed by a subcutaneous injection of living L. major in Freund's Complete Adjuvant; b L. major-specific T blasts, i.e. blast T cells resulting from in vitro challenge of primed lymph node cells with L. major, c propagated L. major specific T blasts, i.e. blast T cells after propagation in vitro in antigen-free medium containing interleukin-2. Results indicate that cocultivation of these L. major specific lymphocyte populations with infected peritoneal exudate macrophages induced progressive destruction of intracellular L. major. This effect was antigen specific since similar populations obtained from mice primed either with ovalbumin or bovine serum albumin did not induce significant parasite killing. The various lymphocyte populations examined did not express cytolytic activity for syngeneic macrophages infected with L. major when tested in a short-term 51Cr release assay. These negative results could not be attributed to an inability of infected macrophages to be lysed by cytolytic lymphocytes since cytolytic T lymphocytes directed to H 2 alloantigens present on macrophages were perfectly capable of lysing these infected macrophages as revealed in a 4 h 51Cr release assay. Interestingly, infected macrophages from either BALB/c (H-2d), NZB (H-2d) or CBA (H-2k) mice were lysed by cytolytic T lymphocytes specific for their respective H-2 alloantigens as well as uninfected macrophages. These results suggest that H-2 expression on the surface of infected macrophages from either L. major susceptible or resistant mouse strains is sufficient to be detected by allogeneic cytolytic T lymphocytes. PMID- 6609336 TI - Familial nasopharyngeal carcinoma. AB - We report 3 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma occurring in a single family group. All 3 patients are male, caucasian, born in Australia and of Greek origin. Two of the patients are brothers, the third their first cousin. PMID- 6609337 TI - [Differentiation and secretory mechanisms of cytolytic T lymphocytes]. PMID- 6609339 TI - Methemoglobinemia in an infant treated with the folk remedy glycerited asafoetida. PMID- 6609338 TI - Vitamin K deficiency in newborns: a case report in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and a review of factors predisposing to hemorrhage. AB - A 4-week-old, breast-fed female infant appeared healthy until signs and symptoms of CNS deterioration suddenly occurred. At presentation the infant was found to have a left-sided parietal intracerebral hematoma, markedly prolonged prothrombin time, and partial thromboplastin time, normal platelet count, and jaundice with a total and direct serum bilirubin level of 5.4 mg/dL and 2.6 mg/dL, respectively. Vitamin K1 and fresh frozen plasma returned the prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time to normal values within 18 hours, suggesting that the infant had severe vitamin K deficiency complicated by intracerebral hemorrhage. Evaluation of the infant's direct hyperbilirubinemia led to the diagnosis of homozygous (pi-type ZZ [PiZZ] ) alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. The clinical circumstances predisposing to vitamin K deficiency in newborns and infants are discussed. Based on our observations in this case, we suggest that cholestatic liver disease should be suspected when unexplained vitamin K deficiency occurs in early infancy. The role of vitamin K in hemostasis and the laboratory diagnosis of vitamin K deficiency are discussed as they apply to the evaluation of hemorrhage in newborns and infants. PMID- 6609340 TI - [Effect of dekaris on the immunity indices of children with osteomyelitis]. PMID- 6609341 TI - [Role of immunoreactivity in the mechanisms of development of nonhemolytic type posttransfusional reactions]. PMID- 6609342 TI - [Clinico-immunological aspects of scarlet fever today]. PMID- 6609343 TI - [Functional activity of blood leukocytes in children with tuberculosis]. PMID- 6609344 TI - [Humoral factors of immunity in maternal milk. Comparison of their levels in the breast milk of mothers with premature and at-term delivery]. AB - Eight proteins (Immunoglobulin A, G, M, C3 and C4 fractions of complement, alpha 1-glycoprotein, lactoferrin and alpha 1- antitrypsin) were measured by immuno diffusion or laser nephelometry in 50 milk samples. Thirty nine were heated thrice at 62 degrees C for 20 minutes. Twenty six came from mothers who delivered prematurely (less than 37 weeks) and 13 from mothers who delivered at term. Eleven samples were, used to determine the effect of the heating process. There was no significative difference of the concentrations of the eight proteins between the breast milk obtained at term or prematurely, even when the comparisons were made between colostral milks or transitional milks. The heating process reduced the concentration by 47 % for IgA, more than 88 % for IgG and IgM, 41 to 74 % for the other proteins; only orosomucoid seemed little affected ( 16 %). These data suggest that the heating process impairs the immunologic effect of breast milk. This effect must be particularly considered in regard to the absence of any significant difference between the milks obtained at term or prematurely. PMID- 6609345 TI - Inotropic responses of the isolated frog ventricle to serum. AB - A study has been made of the effects of newborn calf-serum on the isolated frog ventricle. Preparations were superfused with solutions containing different concentrations of serum and the changes in contractility measured. Ordinary calf serum evoked a dose-dependent increase in contractile force which was unaffected by adrenergic receptor antagonists (propranolol and phentolamine). Serum which was either used in growing HeLa cells or incubated with chymotrypsin failed to elicit a positive inotropic response. However, if prostaglandin-like materials were extracted from the serum then its ability to potentiate the twitch remained unaltered. These results suggest that the cardioactive-factor present in calf serum is most probably related to a polypeptide, and possibly a growth factor. PMID- 6609346 TI - [Effect of radiotherapy on immune competence of cancer patients-- especially on natural killer activity]. PMID- 6609347 TI - Antimicrobial drug susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from bovine milk. AB - The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ten antimicrobial drugs for 287 S. aureus strains recently isolated from bovine mastitic milk in different herds all over Sweden was determined. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of benzylpenicillin for 20 strains was determined. Thirty strains (10%) produced beta-lactamase. All strains were susceptible to oxacillin and neomycin, and more than 90% to streptomycin, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole chloramphenicol, erythromycin and tetracycline, whereas all were resistant to sulphamethoxazole. None of 20 strains investigated was tolerant to benzylpenicillin. However, S. aureus strains, isolated from bovine milk, should be tested for beta-lactamase production prior to treating mastitic cases with beta-lactam drugs. PMID- 6609348 TI - [Role of lymphocytes in the development of allergic reactions]. PMID- 6609349 TI - [Natural cytotoxicity in patients with Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 6609350 TI - [Leiomyoma of the stomach as a cause of hemorrhage from the upper segment of the digestive tract]. PMID- 6609351 TI - Coronary artery bypass surgery. The Cleveland Clinic experience, 1967-1982. PMID- 6609352 TI - Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. When to perform, what to expect. AB - As endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract becomes available to more and more physicians, questions may arise about its use. For example, what is the endoscopic approach to gastrointestinal bleeding? When is endoscopic follow-up useful? In this article, Dr Sivak describes the indications for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, pointing out its advantages and limitations in each of six broad categories. PMID- 6609353 TI - Indirect measures of cigarette use: expired-air carbon monoxide versus plasma thiocyanate. AB - Indirect, biochemical measures of cigarette use are valuable in confirming smoking status in both cross-sectional and cessation studies. This study compares two such biochemical markers, expired-air carbon monoxide (CO) and plasma thiocyanate (SCN), in a representative population sample of 2,237 adults (ages 18 74) from the baseline survey of the Stanford Five City Project. CO and SCN are both significantly higher in self-reported smokers than in nonsmokers and correlate well with number of cigarettes smoked per day. CO appears to be more sensitive and specific than SCN in comparison to self-report, and CO misclassifies a significantly smaller number of nonsmokers, regular smokers, and light smokers (less than 9 cigarettes per day) than does SCN. Together, CO and SCN better classify smokers and nonsmokers than do either alone. Neither biochemical is a reliable indicator in irregular smokers (no cigarettes in past 48 hr). Despite its much shorter metabolic half-life, CO is a better indicator of cigarette use than is SCN in this cross-sectional study. CO is generally simpler and less expensive to measure than is SCN, and CO may be a preferable indirect measure of smoking status in some studies of smoking cessation. PMID- 6609354 TI - [Disorders of specialized sensitivity (hearing, vestibular, smell and taste analyzers) in acromegaly and hypophyseal diseases]. PMID- 6609355 TI - [Results of the treatment of children with neurogenic bladder by transurethral intravesical electric stimulation]. AB - The intravesical transurethal electrostimulation was introduced by F. Katona in order to create consciously controlled micturition in patients with neurogenic bladder lesions. The principle of therapy is based on the activation of the intramural receptors and vegetative pathways from the bladder with special exponential electric impulses. The electric stimulation should evoke the bladder sensation and finally the conscious urge to void might develop. Simultaneously the detrusor tonus should be normalised and evoked contractions become stronger and organised, to be able to empty bladder in stream. During the period from May 1977 to October 1980, 24 children with neurogenic urinary incontinence (aged 2-18 years), were treated in the Surgical Department of the Institute of Mother and Child. Most of them have been operated on for meningomyelocoele , 1--for spinal ependymoma, 1--suffered from extensive haemangioma of pelvic brim and spine, 1 child had no obvious signs of dysraphism. The therapeutic programme consisted of 2 series of 40 stimulations in each serie , applied every day. Each session lasted 90 minutes. The current parameters were: intensity of exponential waves, steadily increasing from 0,4 to 6 m A, frequency 70 Hz, impulse duration 5 msek . Before treatment the clinical, neurological and radiological evaluation were done. The extension of neurologic deficite and state of urinary tract were assessed. Every child had IVP and micturition cystourethrography. Since 1978 the urodynamic investigations were introduced. Cystometry was performed before and after each serie of stimulation. Since 1979 the measuring of urethral pressure profile was included, for more exact evaluation of the type of bladder lesion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6609356 TI - [Interrelation of tuberculosis and allergic diseases]. PMID- 6609357 TI - [Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of blood proteins in children with respiratory tuberculosis]. PMID- 6609358 TI - Cloning and expression of cDNA encoding a bovine adrenal cytochrome P-450 specific for steroid 21-hydroxylation. AB - We isolated a cDNA clone encoding a bovine adrenal cytochrome P-450 specific for steroid 21-hydroxylation (P-450C21). Serum from rabbits immunized with purified P 450C21 precipitated a single protein from the products of an in vitro translation reaction using bovine adrenal mRNA. This protein migrated with P-450C21 on NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. After sucrose gradient sedimentation, mRNA encoding P-450C21 was found in the 19S fraction. This fraction was reverse transcribed into double-stranded cDNA and inserted into the Pst I site of pBR322 by the dC X dG tailing procedure. Escherichia coli cells transformed with recombinant plasmids were screened with an in situ immunoassay using anti-P-450C21 serum and 125I-labeled staphylococcal protein A. Two colonies consistently bound anti-P-450C21 serum. They were identified as carrying the same plasmid by restriction mapping. This plasmid, pC21a, contains an insert of 520 base pairs. It hybridizes with mRNA encoding P-450C21. The peptide encoded by the insert in pC21a is highly homologous to two peptides isolated from porcine P 450C21 and shows limited homology to the P-450 induced by phenobarbital in rat liver. This clone may be useful in studying the molecular genetics of human congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. PMID- 6609359 TI - Differential effects of the mottled yellow and pseudoagouti phenotypes on immunocompetence in Avy/a mice. AB - Whereas genetic factors are known to influence both susceptibility to carcinogens and the capacity to respond to specific antigenic stimuli, little is known regarding the influence of phenotype per se. With this in mind, we utilized (YS x VY)F1 hybrid mice consisting of genetically identical (Avy/a) but phenotypically distinct (mottled yellow and pseudoagouti) mice as well as congeneic (a/a) black mice to evaluate immunocompetence as a function of genotype and phenotype. Mottled yellow Avy/a mice, which are fat and have increased susceptibility to neoplasia, presented an immunologic profile characterized by decreased antibody response to the T-cell-dependent immunogen tetanus toxoid, enhanced antibody response to the T-cell-independent immunogen type III pneumococcal polysaccharide, decreased (unadjusted) rates of carbon clearance, and increased levels of serum IgA. In contrast, pseudoagouti Avy/a mice were immunologically comparable to black a/a mice. The data demonstrate that differences in phenotypic expression between genetically identical mice may significantly alter immune function. PMID- 6609360 TI - Thymus-derived lymphocytes and their interactions with macrophages are required for the production of osteoclast-activating factor in the mouse. AB - A bone-resorbing factor, comparable to the osteoclast-activating factor (OAF) produced from peripheral blood leukocytes, is shown to be produced by murine spleen cells activated with the T-cell mitogen Con A. Murine OAF is demonstrated here as being a product of the interaction between thymus-derived T lymphocytes and macrophages. Activation of T cells in the presence of macrophages with Con A yields culture supernatants with OAF activity. This OAF activity is not dialyzable and is not extracted by lipid solvents. Purified B cells in the presence or absence of macrophages and cocultured with Con A or activated with the B-cell-specific mitogen lipopolysaccharide yield culture supernatants with no detectable OAF activity. Similarly, macrophages cocultured with Con A or activated with lipopolysaccharide fail to yield culture supernatants with bone resorbing activity. These types of immune cell interactions are similar to that required for the production of lymphokines. These data support the hypothesis that one aspect of regulation of bone remodeling is through cells of the immune system. PMID- 6609361 TI - Malignant growth in the normal host after variant selection in vitro with cytolytic T-cell lines. AB - Using variant selection in vitro, we have explored the changes necessary to convert potentially malignant cells into progressively growing cancer cells. As a model, we studied the murine ultraviolet light (UV)-induced tumor 1591-RE, which routinely regresses in the normal syngeneic host. The antigenicity of this tumor is specified by multiple independent tumor-specific antigens, named A, B, C, and D. Cells of this tumor were exposed in vitro to cytolytic T-cell lines specific for these separate antigens. Tumor variants were isolated that displayed selective antigenic losses. By challenging normal syngeneic mice with the variants, we could determine the significance of each antigen in tumor rejection- i.e., a switch from a regressor to a progressor phenotype upon selective loss of certain antigens. We found that variants which lost the A and C antigens grew progressively in normal mice, whereas variants which had lost the B antigen were still rejected like the parental tumor cells. Furthermore, the B and D antigens could be expressed on progressively growing variants. Thus, loss of the A and C antigens, but not the B and D antigens, was required for allowing malignant growth. Selection for loss of one T-cell-recognized antigen never selected simultaneously for loss of any of the other T-cell-recognized antigens, nor did such selections affect sensitivity to activated macrophages or natural killer cells. Therefore, our results strongly suggest that loss of defined components of a complex T-cell-recognized antigen are sufficient to allow escape from immunosurveillance. PMID- 6609362 TI - Development of a human T-cell hybridoma secreting separate B-cell growth and differentiation factors. AB - A cloned human T-cell hybridoma (7D5) secreting B-cell growth factor (BCGF) and B cell differentiation factor (BCDF) was established. Supernatant from this hybrid was capable of maintaining proliferation in anti-IgM-activated normal human B cells. In addition, the hybridoma supernatant induced differentiation and antibody secretion in Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I-stimulated B cells. No interleukin 2 was present in supernatant from this hybridoma. Molecular size of the hybridoma-derived BCGF and BCDF was determined by gel filtration chromatography. BCGF activity was present in the 20-kDa fractions, and BCDF activity eluted in the 30- to 35-kDa fractions. The isoelectric points of the factors, determined by chromatofocusing, were 6.6 for BCGF and 5.9 for BCDF. Finally, absorption experiments were performed using specific target cells. Phytohemagglutinin-stimulated T-cell blasts did not remove either BCGF or BCDF activity. Anti-IgM-activated B cells absorbed BCGF but not BCDF. In contrast, CESS cells removed BCDF but not BCGF. Thus, a human T-cell hybridoma secreting two distinct B-cell lymphokines was developed. Further immunochemical and functional studies of these immunoregulatory molecules should greatly enhance our understanding of the regulation of human B-cell function in normal and disease states. PMID- 6609363 TI - Ly-1 B cells: functionally distinct lymphocytes that secrete IgM autoantibodies. AB - Studies presented here introduce another perspective on the mechanisms responsible for IgM autoantibody production. A unique subpopulation of B lymphocytes (Ly-1 B) that concomitantly expresses IgM, IgD, Ia, and Ly-1 membrane glycoproteins is present at higher frequencies in NZB and NZB-related mice. The Ly-1 B subpopulation in these autoimmune animals is responsible for the "spontaneous" IgM secretion demonstrated with cultured NZB spleen cells and contains the cells that secrete typical NZB IgM autoantibodies to single-stranded DNA and to thymocytes. In addition, the Ly-1 B population in normal mouse strains (and in NZB) contains virtually all of the spleen cells that secrete IgM autoantibodies reactive with bromelain-treated mouse erythrocytes. Since a different B-cell subpopulation (IgM+, IgD-, Ly-1) secretes most of the IgM antibodies produced in responses to exogenous antigens, we conclude that Ly-1 B cells constitute a functionally distinct B-cell population important in certain kinds of autoimmunity. PMID- 6609364 TI - Charge movement in skeletal muscle fibers paralyzed by the calcium-entry blocker D600. AB - We report measurements of nonlinear charge movement in frog skeletal muscle fibers paralyzed by the calcium-entry blocker [Schwartz, A. & Taira, N., eds. (1983) Circ. Res. 52, Part II, Number 2, 1-181.] D600 (methoxyverapamil, recently renamed gallopamil). Nonlinear charge movement was not seen in such fibers, suggesting that the drug severs the link between membrane depolarization and the main components of charge movement. This is the only pharmacological agent that blocks the main components of charge movement. PMID- 6609365 TI - Control of biologically active interleukin 2 messenger RNA formation in induced human lymphocytes. AB - The regulation of human interleukin 2 (IL-2) mRNA production in induced normal lymphocytes was studied by following the expression of isolated mRNA in microinjected oocytes of Xenopus laevis. Mitogenic stimulation results in the appearance of greatly increased levels of IL-2 mRNA activity. This process requires de novo transcription. Induction is followed promptly by a shutoff of active IL-2 mRNA formation. This shutoff requires the synthesis of a protein repressor and can be prevented by cycloheximide, an inhibitor of translation. The presence of cycloheximide leads to extensive superinduction of IL-2, concomitant with an increase in active IL-2 mRNA formation up to 30-fold over normal levels. The repressor appears to be short-lived, as the addition of cycloheximide after shutoff leads to an immediate resumption of active IL-2 mRNA formation. The shutoff mechanism is restored rapidly upon removal of cycloheximide. The repressed state is readily reversed also by reinduction of the cells, even soon after shutoff has occurred, without a refractory period. The accumulated active IL-2 mRNA decays with a half-life of about 20 hr. The net result is the generation of a relatively short wave of IL-2 mRNA activity, demonstrating the tight control of IL-2 gene expression. PMID- 6609366 TI - Autophosphorylation of v-Ha-ras p21 is modulated by amino acid residue 12. AB - The 21,000-dalton protein (p21) encoded by the ras oncogene of Harvey murine sarcoma virus (v-Ha-ras) becomes phosphorylated (pp21) in vivo and in vitro on threonine residue 59. p21 molecules encoded by cellular ras genes (c-Ha-ras-1) contain an alanine at position 59, and thus these p21 molecules are not phosphorylated. In this investigation, recombinant ras genes have been constructed between the 5' p21 coding region of normal (EC) or oncogenically activated (EJ) human c-Ha-ras-1 and the 3' p21 coding region of v-Ha-ras to generate p21 molecules containing a threonine phosphoacceptor site at position 59 and a glycine (EC/v-Ha) or valine (EJ/v-Ha) at residue 12. In transformed NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells labeled with [35S]methionine, the ratio of pp21 to p21 was strikingly modulated by the amino acid at residue 12. v-Ha-ras p21 has an arginine at position 12, and 24% of total p21 was in the phosphorylated form. A glycine at residue 12 decreased the amount of pp21 to 14% of total p21, and a valine at residue 12 dramatically increased this value to 50%. In vitro, the valine form of p21 had 2.4- and 2.7-fold greater autophosphorylating activity than the glycine and arginine forms of p21, respectively, using [gamma-32P]GTP as phosphate donor, but the three p21 species had similar Km values for GTP (0.20 0.27 microM). These results indicate that a biochemical activity of p21 distinguishes between previously observed biological differences of normal and activated human ras genes. PMID- 6609367 TI - Disappearance and reappearance of B cells after in vivo treatment with monoclonal anti-I-A antibodies. AB - Previous studies have shown that treatment with antibodies to the murine I-A antigen encoded in the major histocompatibility complex attenuates experimental allergic encephalitis and experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. These studies were conducted with SJL mice, an inbred strain that is highly susceptible to the induction of these diseases. Here we show that injection of monoclonal anti-I-A antibody in the amounts used for the above studies rapidly depletes B cells. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) multiparameter analysis of the B cell subpopulations in treated animals shows that maximum depletion occurs around 5 days after treatment and that recovery of some subpopulations i still incomplete 1 month later. SJL mice are more sensitive to this B-cell depletion and recover more slowly than putatively normal C3H.Ighb (CKB) mice. Some components of the primary, secondary and tertiary IgG antibody responses are reduced in anti-I-A-treated SJL animals immunized after the first and second anti I-A injections. The persistence of some antibody response impairment well beyond the time when anti-I-A disappears raises a note of caution concerning human therapy protocols based on the injection of anti-Ia antibodies. PMID- 6609368 TI - Induction of immunoglobulin allotypic suppression in the rabbit: a cellular approach. AB - Adult rabbits were sensitized against rabbit immunoglobulin allotypic specificities of the a and b series by means of two injections of their own lymphocytes coated with the appropriate IgG. The splenic lymphocytes from these sensitized rabbits were injected, 24 hr after birth, into newborns that had inherited from their father the allotypic specificities susceptible to recognition by the sensitized lymphocytes. A significant percentage (40%) of the young rabbits subjected to this treatment developed a total suppression of expression of these specificities with the well-known compensatory effect due to an increased expression of the corresponding allele. We have observed that the T Julius subset of the sensitized splenic lymphocytes was responsible for the induction of this suppression that was established without discernible intervention of anti-allotype antibodies. In one instance we observed that the expression of the allotypic specificities transmitted by the father, although established at 5 weeks of age, gradually declined and totally disappeared at 13 weeks of age. PMID- 6609370 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to native noncollagenous bone-specific proteins. AB - Hybridoma technology was used for preparation of murine monoclonal antibodies of high titer against bone-Gla protein and osteonectin. A procedure of immunization and hybridization similar to that already described [Katzmann, J.A., Nesheim, M.E., Hibbard, L.S. & Mann, K.G. (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78, 162-166; and Foster, W.B., Katzmann, J.A., Miller, R.S., Nesheim, M.E. & Mann, K.G. (1982) Thromb. Res. 28, 649-661] was used. However, in contrast to earlier studies, mice were immunized with an unfractionated protein mixture that had been extracted from bone under nondenaturing conditions. The extract was labeled with 125I by the chloramine-T method. After fusion and initial hybrid growth, screening was accomplished by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay with total 125I-labeled bovine bone protein extract as the tracer. The identities of antibody-bound 125I-labeled proteins were assessed by dissolution of the solid-phase immune complex in NaDodSO4 and subsequent electrophoresis and autoradiography. Clones producing specific antibody to a single protein were selected by limiting dilution. The identity of the proteins against which the specific antibodies were produced was confirmed by immunoprecipitation, electrophoresis, and autoradiography. From two fusions, 30 positive hybrids to bone-Gla protein were identified; 7 of these were subcloned and 1 has been expanded as an ascites tumor. One hybrid population was positive for osteonectin, a Mr 15,000 peptide, and for bone-Gla protein. By limiting dilution, the osteonectin clone was selected and subsequently expanded as an ascites tumor. Titration curves made using the respective 125I-labeled purified proteins show the ascites tumors to be producing antibody of high titer (I50 = 10(-6) for anti-bone-Gla protein and (I50 = 10(-5) for antiosteonectin. Both of the antibovine antibodies are cross-reactive with the corresponding human protein. Immobilized specific anti-bone-Gla protein has been used to isolate human bone-Gla protein from an EDTA extract of human cortical bone. Thus, this method offers the possibility of developing a complete library of monoclonal antibodies against these and other bone-specific proteins. PMID- 6609369 TI - Induction of immunity to a human tumor marker by in vivo administration of anti idiotypic antibodies in mice. AB - Anti-idiotypic antibodies are described that were raised against murine monoclonal antibody 8.2, an antibody specific for a human melanoma-associated cell surface marker called p97. The 8.2 idiotopes recognized by this anti idiotypic antiserum are binding site-associated and are shared by other monoclonal anti-p97 antibodies with the same specificity as antibody 8.2. Mice immunized with the anti-idiotype demonstrate delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions when challenged with melanoma (p97-positive) tumor cells. PMID- 6609371 TI - Thymosin increases production of T-cell growth factor by normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - The in vitro incubation of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes with thymosin results in a marked and reproducible increase in production of T-cell growth factor, which is dose dependent and most pronounced in the first 24 hr of culture. Incubation of lymphocytes with thymosin alone failed to induce any production of T-cell growth factor. The biological activity of thymosin fraction 5 cannot be attributed to the activity of thymosin alpha 1, one of the well-characterized peptide components of fraction 5. These data provide the basis for (i) a potential mechanism for the in vivo immunorestorative effects of thymosin in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies and (ii) identification of an additional, but as yet undefined, immunoregulatory component of thymosin fraction 5. PMID- 6609372 TI - Dynamics of cellular immunity during chronic relapsing EAE in guinea pigs. PMID- 6609374 TI - Criteria for an adequate explanation of typical clinical signs of EAE in rodents. PMID- 6609373 TI - Glial fibrillary acidic protein in acute and chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). PMID- 6609375 TI - Laboratory aids in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). PMID- 6609376 TI - The generation of the relapse in chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis--parallels and differences. PMID- 6609377 TI - Regional and lateral specificity of acupuncture-induced action of blood-factor effects inhibiting hindlimb flexor reflexes in the rabbit. AB - Intravenous transfusion of blood plasma or serum from electroacupuncturally stimulated donor rabbits that displayed unilateral analgesia of a specific region of one hindlimb as shown by the lack of flexor withdrawal responses to pin pricks, caused the development of a comparable region of analgesia in naive, recipient rabbits. The site of this analgesia was comparable to that observed in the donor animals in terms of anatomical region and in terms of laterality. These findings indicate that acupunctural analgesia is induced through highly specific nervous and chemical mechanisms and that the substances produced can distinguish specific body regions located on one side of the body from the other. PMID- 6609378 TI - Cooperative interaction among cell surface sites: evidence in support of the surface adsorption theory of cellular electrical potentials. AB - Resting potentials were studied in frog sartorius muscles equilibrated in Ringer solutions that contained various concentrations of K+. Cells in solutions that contained near-zero K+ showed a rise in potential followed by a slow decline over about 70 hours that paralleled the loss of cellular K+ in exchange for Na+. When these cells were placed in 2.5 mM K+, the re-gain of the potential occurred much more rapidly than the re-gain of cellular K+. Thus, there was no consistent relation between resting potential and concentration of intracellular K+. When cells were immersed in solutions containing 100 mM Na+ and K+ at concentrations of 2.5 mM and greater, there was a semi-logarithmic relation between potential and [K+]ex, in which potential declined as [K+]ex increased. However, when cells were equilibrated in [K+]ex below 2.5 mM, the potential peaked and then declined as [K+]ex decreased. The results are readily explained by the surface adsorption model of the cellular potential, in which the potential is determined simply by the nature of the fixed surface charges that interact with one another in a cooperative manner. The peak and decline of the potential with decreasing [K+]ex below 2.5 mM mirrors the autocooperative shift in the affinity of the surface charged sites from one that favors K+ over Na+ strongly to one that favors K+ over Na+ less strongly. PMID- 6609380 TI - Cardiovascular imaging metabolic and functional. PMID- 6609379 TI - Indifference of the resting potential of frog muscle cells to external Mg++ in the face of high Mg++ permeability. AB - Incubation of frog sartorius muscles for 18 hours at constant external concentrations of K+ and Na+, but with the external concentration of Mg++ varying from 1.2 to 73.2 mM, brought about no change in the resting potential which remained constant at 88 mV. Results were the same in MgCl2 as in MgSO4. However, these cells are nearly as permeable to Mg++ as they are to K+. These results contradict the membrane theory of the cellular potential but are compatible with the surface adsorption model of the cellular potential. PMID- 6609381 TI - [Rheumatic patients]. PMID- 6609382 TI - [Psychopathology of organic psychoses with reference to differential diagnostic, epidemiologic and morphologic aspects]. AB - Following a brief discussion of the historical development of the term "Organic Psychosis", detailed consideration is given to the phenomenology and differential diagnosis of this group of diseases. The published epidemiological data is compared to the results of our own study. The cranial CT makes it possible to correlate clinical and morphological findings. In our investigation 72.5% of the patients with severe chronic organic psychosis show considerable brain atrophy. The morphological aspect is a determining factor for the therapeutic measures and for the prognosis. PMID- 6609383 TI - Drug abuse and its social impacts in Nigeria. PMID- 6609384 TI - Pelvic radionuclide angiography in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - A pelvic radionuclide angiogram (PRAG) was obtained in addition to Tc-99m-labeled red blood cell scans in 18 studies (16 patients) of gastrointestinal bleeding. A bleeding focus adjacent to the bladder was found in the four studies in which the bladder region was seen on the PRAG; no perivesicular bleeding site was found in the 14 studies with a normal PRAG. It is concluded that the PRAG can be useful in locating pelvic bleeding sites, which can be missed on delayed images because of the superimposed bladder, and may be a useful addition to Tc-99m RBC studies for gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6609385 TI - [Beta-lactamase inhibitors. I. In vivo evaluation of an amoxicillin + clavulanic acid combination in the treatment of urinary infections]. PMID- 6609386 TI - [Beta-lactamase inhibitors. II. Pharmacokinetics of an amoxicillin + clavulanic acid combination in renal insufficiency and during hemodialysis]. PMID- 6609387 TI - [Separation of B, T, T-gamma and T-mu lymphocytes using rosettes of various types of erythrocytes and polyacrylamide. Comparative study]. AB - The present work compares the effectiveness of, both, red blood cells from different species (sheep, ox and chicken) and polyacrylamide beads to form rosettes to separate B, T, T gamma and T mu lymphocytes. Ox red cells showed a scanty agglutination, so that they appeared to be optimal to isolate B, T gamma and T mu lymphocytes by EA rosettes. Sheep red cells were the best to separate both T and B lymphocytes by spontaneous and EAC rosettes respectively; on the other hand, chicken red blood cells, which showed a high capacity to form rosettes, were not useful to separate lymphocytes, as it was difficult to separate them from the lymphocytes. Polyacrylamide beads, with bound specific antibody against surface immunoglobulins, proved to be a good method for B lymphocyte identification, but not for lymphocyte isolation, since it was difficult to eliminate the polyacrylamide. PMID- 6609388 TI - Prediction of the occurrence of Marek's disease in chickens on the basis of the quantitation of cell-mediated immunity. AB - Cell mediated immunity was assayed in chickens on the basis of the dinitrochlorobenzene skin test, T lymphocyte numbers in peripheral blood and the graft-versus-host reaction. It was found that chickens that were to develop clinical Marek's disease following exposure to Marek's disease virus had significantly lower prechallenge levels of cell mediated immunity than those that were resistant to Marek's disease. The graft-versus-host reaction had a smaller coefficient of variation than the other two tests, and it was concluded that this test is likely to be the most reliable indicator of the outcome of infection with Marek's disease virus. PMID- 6609389 TI - Pathogenesis of 'sheep-associated' malignant catarrhal fever in rabbits. AB - Pathogenesis studies of experimentally produced sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) in laboratory rabbits are described. Animals were examined at intervals after inoculation. The principal change was a proliferation of lymphoid cells which began as soon as three days and became quite pronounced by 13 days after inoculation. The appendix, mesenteric lymph node and spleen were most obviously affected. The reason for this was a progressive increase in T lymphocytes, which appeared to be a hyperplasia rather than neoplasia in T dependent areas of these organs. Lymphoid cells also accumulated in interstitial spaces of non-lymphoid organs. The use of cyclosporin-A suppressed the lymphoid proliferation but rabbits still developed clinical MCF after a similar incubation period. It is suggested that the agent of MCF might produce its effect by infecting and causing a dysfunction of lymphoregulatory cells, resulting in benign polyclonal T-lymphocyte proliferation. Terminal necrosis could be due to natural killer cell activity. PMID- 6609390 TI - [Causes of the appearance of antinuclear antibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)]. PMID- 6609391 TI - [Cochleo-vestibular function in Meniere's disease : correlations between audiometric and electronystagmographic data]. PMID- 6609392 TI - [Reactive arthritis after gonococcal infection]. PMID- 6609393 TI - [Prevention and treatment of hemorrhage in dento-alveolar surgical interventions in hemophiliacs]. PMID- 6609394 TI - Interleukins for B lymphocytes. PMID- 6609395 TI - Therapeutic effects of interleukins on radiation-treated antigen-presenting cells in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 6609396 TI - Control of B cell differentiation by T cells. PMID- 6609397 TI - Immunoglobulin genes. PMID- 6609398 TI - Cytolytic T lymphocyte response to Moloney sarcoma virus. PMID- 6609399 TI - Interleukin 1 as mediator of the acute-phase response. PMID- 6609400 TI - Therapeutic use of interleukins: experimental results. PMID- 6609401 TI - Genetic control of minor histocompatibility antigens in the mouse. PMID- 6609402 TI - Function of IgD in B cell triggering and tolerance: an overview of recent advances. PMID- 6609403 TI - Autoimmune endocrine diseases. PMID- 6609405 TI - [Results of the first 1000 aortocoronary bypass operations]. PMID- 6609404 TI - Recent developments in immunovirology. PMID- 6609406 TI - [Value and significance of the effort electrocardiogram in patients operated on for aortocoronary bypass]. PMID- 6609407 TI - [Evaluation of the results of aortocoronary bypass surgery using thallium-201 scintigraphy]. PMID- 6609408 TI - [What should be done when surgery fails?]. PMID- 6609409 TI - [Indications for coronarography and aortocoronary bypass]. PMID- 6609410 TI - [Resuming work and medical treatment following aortopulmonary bypass surgery]. PMID- 6609411 TI - Increased numbers of active B cells in the circulation of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Increased numbers of cells secreting immunoglobulins of class G, M and A have been demonstrated in the peripheral blood of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis using the reverse haemolytic plaque assay. Lower numbers of secreting cells were detected in rheumatoid patients in spontaneous remission. Culture of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells was associated with a fall in the number of immunoglobulin secreting cells. Values for rheumatoid and normal cells did no differ significantly after 3 days of culture. The presence of an activating factor in th rheumatoid patients is postulated. PMID- 6609412 TI - The significance of IgM antinuclear antinuclear antibody in rheumatoid arthritis and other connective tissue diseases. AB - An investigation of the incidence of IgG and IgM antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in patients with connective tissue diseases showed that IgM ANA predominated in rheumatoid arthritis, whilst in systemic lupus erythematosus IgG antibodies were more common. Patients with other connective tissue diseases less frequently had antinuclear antibodies and there was little difference in the incidence of IgG and IgM antibodies. Cross reacting rheumatoid factors contributed to the IgM antinuclear activity of rheumatoid sera. IgM ANA was not related to disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Immunoglobulin class differences of ANA in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus may reflect the differing pathological processes of these two diseases and may be of value in their differential diagnosis. PMID- 6609413 TI - Equal distribution of T-lymphocyte subpopulations in thymus and spleen cells of NZB and BALB/c mice. AB - NZB mice develop an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. Since the detection of immunoregulatory T-cells it has been speculated that disbalances of these cells may be important in the course of the NZB disease. By utilization of monoclonal antibody defining immunoregulatory Lyt subsets and a FACS IV system we investigated whether differences in the number and/or marker densities of given subsets exist between NZB and the normal reference strain BALB/c. Newborn animals and animals up to 60 weeks of age were tested. No significant difference in the percentages nor in the marker densities of theta+, Lyt 1+, and Lyt 2+ cells was observed at any age or sex, neither in spleen nor in thymus. It is concluded the autoimmune disease of NZB is not influenced by the parameters investigated. PMID- 6609414 TI - Differences in the production of and/or the response to interleukin-2 by T lymphocytes from patients with the various connective tissue diseases. AB - We have studied the production of and the response to interleukin-2 (IL-2) by blood T lymphocytes from 83 untreated patients with six connective tissue diseases, each patient with a healthy age/sex matched control. SLE patients had markedly decreased production of IL-2, both when elicited with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and when promoted by autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR). They also had decreased response to IL-2. Conversely, patients with scleroderma had normal production of IL-2 with both stimuli and their lymphocytes responded to IL-2 similarly to, or even better than, controls. Patients with mixed connective tissue disease had decreased production of IL-2 upon PHA stimulation but it was normal in AMLR systems. Response to IL-2 was moderately diminished. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed moderately decreased production of Il-2 with both stimuli but a normal response to Il-2. Patients with Sjogren's syndrome had similar, but less marked defects than those of SLE. Patients with dermato polymyositis showed decreased production of IL-2 in AMLR but normal production of IL-2 in response to PHA as well as normal response to IL-2. The differences found between the various connective tissue diseases support the notion that the T cell dysregulation that results from or leads to "autoimmunity" in them is peculiar to each disease. PMID- 6609416 TI - [The thickness of myofilaments in the skeletal muscle of the frog]. PMID- 6609415 TI - Immune complexes in juvenile chronic arthritis. AB - Twenty children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) and two children with SLE were investigated as to the existence of immune complexes in a long-term survey over 24 months. Two different methods were applied, a solid phase C1q RIA and a polyethylene glycol precipitation test. Detection of immune complexes was compared to the course of the disease and other laboratory data. C1q RIA showed a distinctly higher number of positive tests than the PEG precipitation test. The presence of immune complexes appears to be transitory in the course of JCA, as was demonstrated by C1q RIA. A connection with a more advanced stage of the disease is postulated. The positive test can be regarded as a prognostic parameter which, however, cannot be used for the diagnosis of JCA. PMID- 6609417 TI - [Annual growth of the ovary in a population of Rana esculenta living in localities with different climates]. PMID- 6609418 TI - Functional recovery of the exocrine pancreas after acute pancreatitis. AB - A tubeless pancreatic function test (BTP test) using N-benzoyl-l-tyrosyl-p aminobenzoic acid was used to assess exocrine function from urinary recovery of p aminobenzoic acid produced by hydrolysis of the peptide by chymotrypsin. Patients with acute pancreatitis were studied at various time intervals after the acute attack and compared with controls with abdominal pain that was not pancreatic in origin. The initial BTP test carried out in the convalescent period was abnormal in all of 30 patients with acute pancreatitis but normal in 10 patients with non pancreatic abdominal pain and also in 8 patients who had recovered from an attack of acute pancreatitis 2-6 years previously. Results were improved or normal in 12 of 15 patients re-tested 1 year after the attack of pancreatitis, but 4 out of 6 still had abnormal results 2-6 months after the attack. The data suggest that an attack of acute pancreatitis may impair exocrine pancreatic function for several months. PMID- 6609419 TI - Early- and late-onset duodenal ulcers in Chinese and Scots. AB - Two unselected series of 528 Chinese and 539 Scottish patients with duodenal ulcer were compared. In both races, early-onset patients (symptoms began before age 30 years) in contrast to late-onset patients (symptoms began after age 30 years) constituted significantly more males, more patients with positive familial dyspepsia, more acid hypersecretors, and more gastrointestinal bleeding, but, unlike late-onset patients, there was no significant blood group O predominance, and their females did not have an older onset age than males. Among early-onset patients, Scottish patients developed symptoms at a significantly later age and had significantly more acid hypersecretors than Chinese, whereas among late-onset patients the Scots had significantly more patients with positive familial dyspepsia, in whom the frequency of acid hypersecretion was increased. These findings indicate that (i) early and late-onset duodenal ulcers are distinct subgroups, with many features common to both Chinese and Scots despite different ethnic backgrounds, suggesting the occurrence of similar pathophysiological mechanisms in the two races, (ii) for early-onset disease, these mechanisms appear to operate sooner in the Chinese, (iii) in the Scottish patients, familial late-onset duodenal ulcers with acid hypersecretion form a substantial and distinct subgroup. PMID- 6609420 TI - Impairment of vitamin D metabolism and bone mineral content after intestinal bypass for obesity. A longitudinal study. AB - Ten obese subjects who had undergone intestinal bypass operation (end-to-side jejunoileostomy) were studied longitudinally with respect to vitamin D and other indices of calcium metabolism. Investigations were carried out before operation (t0) and after 6 months (t1), 12 months (t2), and a mean of 54 months (range, 49 58 months) (t3) postoperatively. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) was subnormal at t0 but after operation values declined gradually to an extremely low level at t3, possibly because of a loss through malabsorption. Serum 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D remained normal at t1 and t2 but fell to about half the normal level at t3, probably owing to lack of its precursor, 25OHD. In contrast, serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) remained normal throughout the study, indicating a marked stimulation of kidney 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity. Serum calcium fell rapidly to a constant subnormal level, and it is concluded that the serum calcium malabsorption is due to factors other than impaired 1,25(OH)2D activity. Bone mineral content (BMC) was unchanged between t0 and t2, but thereafter (between t2 and t3) the mean BMC fell rapidly to about 90% of preoperative value, possibly due to a defective bone mineralization in the late postoperative period. The findings indicate a high risk of bone disease developing after intestinal bypass operation. Substitution with calcium and vitamin D should be given to these patients, but the optimal vitamin D metabolite (or combination of metabolites) for such treatment is still unknown. PMID- 6609421 TI - Occult faecal blood loss determined by a 51Cr method and chemical tests in patients referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. AB - In 119 patients referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, the faecal blood loss was determined by a 51Cr method and 7 chemical tests. For patients with negative upper endoscopy (no. = 8), atrophic gastritis (no. = 30), gastric ulcer (no. = 31), or gastric cancer (no. = 23), the median 51Cr-determined faecal blood loss was 0.51, 0.61, 0.83, and 2.68 ml/24 h, respectively. For all chemical tests, the results were highly influenced by the upper time limit for positive reaction. Mixing of faecal specimens before testing did not prove essential. By repeated analyses of faecal samples stored for 3 days, the benzidine test showed a decreased sensitivity (p less than 0.01), whereas Fecatwin and Fecatwin sensitive showed an increased number of positive tests (p less than 0.01). Of cases of gastric cancer, tetramethylbenzidine tests including Hemo-Fec Test, benzidine test, Fecatwin sensitive, Hemoccult II, and Fecatwin could detect about 85%, 80%, 60%, 55%, and 30%, respectively. PMID- 6609422 TI - Occult faecal blood loss determined by a 51Cr method and chemical tests in patients referred for colonoscopy. AB - In 67 patients referred for colonoscopy the faecal blood loss was determined by a 51Cr method and 7 chemical tests. For patients with negative colonoscopy (no. = 10), colorectal polyps (no. = 24), rectal cancer (no. = 8), or colonic cancer (no. = 12), the median 51Cr-determined faecal blood loss was 0.67, 0.74, 1.26, and 2.18 ml/24 h, respectively. For all chemical tests the results were highly influenced by the upper time limit for a positive reaction. Mixing of faecal specimens before testing proved unimportant. Fecatwin sensitive showed more positive tests in delayed compared with immediate analyses (p less than 0.01). Of cases of colorectal polyps, tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) tests including Hemo-Fec Test could detect half, the benzidine test 2 of 5. Fecatwin sensitive and Hemoccult II 1 of 4, and Fecatwin 1 of 24. Of cases of colorectal cancer, TMB tests, the benzidine test, Fecatwin sensitive, Hemoccult, and Fecatwin could detect about 85%, 85%, 85%, 80%, and 45%, respectively. All chemical tests detected faecal blood loss from colorectal lesions more easily than from gastric lesions. PMID- 6609423 TI - Ph1 positive blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukaemia exhibiting features characteristic of early T blasts. AB - Leukaemic cells from a patient in the blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukaemia were subjected to a surface marker analysis using a panel of monoclonal antibodies recognizing differentiation antigens of myeloid (MY7, MY906, VIM D5, M phi P9), erythroid (VIE G4), megakaryocyte (AN51), T-lymphoid (WT1, 10.2, OKT3, OKT4, OKT6, OKT8, OKT11A) and B-lymphoid cells (B1, B2, Y29/55), common ALL antigen (VILA1), non-lineage-restricted antigens (OKT9, OKT10), monomorphic HLA DR determinants (7.2) as well as TdT. When the patient entered his first blast crisis, his blasts expressed a phenotype corresponding to an immature myeloid cell (7.2+, MY7+, My906+, VIM D5-). Ph1-chromosome-positive blasts from this patient's first relapse had completely changed their surface marker characteristics: they had become TdT-positive and exhibited surface features characteristic of early T blasts (WT1+, 10.2+, OKT9+, OKT10+, 7.2-, OKT6-). Together, these features provide evidence that myeloid cells may share a common precursor with T cells. PMID- 6609424 TI - Reactivity of the monoclonal antibody RFB1 in chronic B-cell leukaemias. AB - The monoclonal antibody RFB1, which reacts with early haemopoietic precursors in human bone marrow and peripheral T-lymphocytes, but not with pre-B cells and mature peripheral blood and marrow B lymphocytes, was tested in blood from 60 patients with chronic B cell leukaemias. All 37 cases of B chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) and 9 of hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) were positive. The antibody showed particularly strong reaction in HCL. On the other hand, RFB1 did not react with peripheral blood and B lymphocytes from 9 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in leukaemic phase and was negative or weakly expressed in 5 with prolymphocytic leukaemia (B-PLL). These findings may be significant for investigations on the cell origin of B-CLL and HCL. The reactivity of RFB1 was different from that of two anti-T1 monoclonal antibodies. The combined use of these reagents gave distinct patterns in B-CLL (RFB1+, T1+), HCL (RFB1++, T1-) and NHL and B-PLL (RFB1-/+/-, Tl-/+), suggesting they may be of value in the differential diagnosis of these B-lymphoproliferative disorders. PMID- 6609425 TI - Pathophysiological assessment lymphocytes. PMID- 6609426 TI - Incidence and clinical significance of anti-ENA antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. Estimation by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. AB - Eighty-two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were investigated for the presence and significance of serum antibodies to Extractable Nuclear Antigen (ENA) and its major components, RNP, Sm and SS-B (or Ha). The counterimmunoelectrophoresis assay allowed independent detection and measurement of antibodies to the different components. Forty patients had anti-ENA antibodies, 25 (30%) were of anti-RNP type alone or anti-RNP associated with anti Sm, and 12 (15%) were of anti-RNP type alone. Anti-ENA antibodies distinguished a subset of patients with less common incidence of renal disease, positive Coombs test, anticoagulant serum factors and high titres of anti-DNAds antibodies, with higher incidence of Raynaud's phenomenon, swollen hands, hypergammaglobulinemia and high titres of antinuclear antibodies with speckled pattern on immunofluorescence. SLE patients with anti-RNP antibodies had in addition a high frequency of normal complement values. All but one SLE patient with only anti-RNP antibodies fulfilled at least four or more criteria for the diagnosis of SLE. We conclude that anti-ENA antibodies in SLE patients are associated with a low prevalence of nephritis and a clinical and laboratory profile similar to that of the MCTD syndrome. These findings demonstrate the difficulty of inferring rigid differences between MCTD and SLE. The MCTD syndrome probably represents only one segment of the whole clinical spectrum of SLE. PMID- 6609427 TI - T lymphocyte subclasses in rheumatoid synovia as analysed with monoclonal antibodies and functional in vitro tests. AB - Inflammatory synovial T lymphocytes were released by mincing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affected synovium, by digesting the material with collagenase plus DNAse, and isolating by sheep red cell rosetting and density centrifugation. There was a wide variation in the T-helper (Tm, OKT4) and T suppressor (Tg, OKT8) lymphocyte ratio in the individual synovia, ranging from 0.55 to 1.57. The mean ratio of Tm/Tg lymphocytes as well as OKT4/OKT8 lymphocytes was somewhat lower in the synovium (and in the blood) of RA patients than in the blood of healthy persons, but the differences were not significant (p = 0.56 and 0.09, respectively). The helper and suppressive capacity of synovial T lymphocytes on T-dependent B-cell maturation to immunoglobulin synthesis was analysed by co-culturing them with normal B or (unseparated) T+B cells in the presence of pokeweek mitogen. Eluates where the helper/suppressor ratio was above 1.2 produced at least some T cell help and lacked suppressor capacity, whereas eluates with a T helper/suppressor ratio below 1.20 provided a strong suppression and lacked the capacity of T-cell help. On the whole, we were unable to demonstrate any uniform pattern of inflammation with regard to T-cell subsets in the rheumatoid synovium. However, it seems that monoclonal antibodies provide good markers with which to analyse the inflammatory T cells in situ, and that these markers correlate well to the functional capacity of these cells in vitro. PMID- 6609428 TI - Combined valve replacement and myocardial revascularization. Factors influencing early and late results. AB - The risk factors involved in simultaneous valve replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting were evaluated in 54 consecutive patients, 42 men and 12 women, aged 22 to 73 years. The predominant valve anomalies were aortic stenosis (30 patients), aortic regurgitation (9), mitral regurgitation (10) and mitral stenosis (5). All the patients had angina. Myocardial infarction had occurred in 22 cases and was impending at the time of operation in 10. The diseased valves were replaced with mechanical prostheses, and on average 2.5 coronary arteries per patient were bypassed with vein or with internal mammary artery grafts. Four of the 54 patients died in association with surgery, and four more during follow up (0.5-6 years). The operative mortality was 2/39 in the aortic valve group and 2/14 in the mitral valve group. The late mortality was equal in both groups. A relatively small ejection fraction and long aortic cross-clamping were the only factors which attained statistical significance as surgical risks, but mitral regurgitation due to ischaemic papillary muscle dysfunction, advanced rheumatic mitral regurgitation and tight aortic stenosis combined with coronary artery disease also seemed to be indicators of poor prognosis. PMID- 6609429 TI - Use of activated clotting time to monitor anticoagulation during cardiac surgery. AB - The use of a fixed dosage schedule was compared with the use of activated clotting time (ACT) for monitoring heparin anticoagulation and its neutralization during and after extracorporeal circulation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Use of ACT resulted in a statistically significant decrease in heparin and protamine dosages and statistically significant reductions in postoperative blood loss and blood transfusion needs. Postoperative levels of blood hemoglobin concentration were significantly higher and the activated partial thromboplastin time was significantly shorter with ACT monitoring than with use of a fixed dosage schedule. The results confirmed the superiority of the ACT method for monitoring anticoagulation during cardiac surgery. PMID- 6609430 TI - [Aortic valve replacement with simultaneous aorto-coronary bypass operation 1969 1980]. AB - Between 1969 and 1980, 62 patients underwent aortic valve replacement with simultaneous aorto-coronary bypass implantation. Three patient groups were formed, namely patients with predominant aortic valve disease, patients with predominant coronary heart disease and patients with simultaneous severe aortic valve disease and coronary heart disease. The results were analyzed separately for the three patient groups. The operative risk of patients with severe aortic valve disease was not greatly increased by the simultaneous implantation of aorto coronary bypass. On the other hand, patients with predominant coronary disease and aortic valve replacement for mild to moderate aortic valve disease had an increased operative mortality and rate of perioperative infarctions. The unfavorable results in the latter patient group can most probably be explained by patient selection. Late mortality appears to increase with the severity of coronary heart disease. Prognosis of the total patient group was less favorable than that of isolated aortic valve replacement or aorto-coronary bypass operation. The implantation of aorto-coronary bypass did not completely prevent the reappearance of angina pectoris or myocardial infarction in the late postoperative follow-up. Several risk factors for a less favorable course were identified. PMID- 6609432 TI - Pet scan controversy. PMID- 6609431 TI - Is alpha 1-protease inhibitor inactivated by smoking? PMID- 6609433 TI - Synthesis of a cyclic melanotropic peptide exhibiting both melanin-concentrating and -dispersing activities. AB - A putative melanin-concentrating hormone was synthesized. This peptide, H-Asp-Thr Met-Arg-Cys-Met-Val-Gly-Arg-Val-Tyr-Arg-Pro-Cys-Trp-Glu-Val-OH , stimulates melanin granule aggregation within teleost melanocytes at nanomolar concentrations as does the natural purified teleost pituitary preparation. In addition, this peptide stimulates melanin granule dispersion within melanocytes of frogs and lizards. The peptide has about one six-hundredth of the activity of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone on frog and lizard melanocytes and is a full agonist. PMID- 6609434 TI - Epidemiology of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the United States. PMID- 6609435 TI - Bleeding tendency possibly related to increased plasma antithrombin III activity in patient treated with piroxicam. AB - A patient with chronic rheumatoid arthritis under treatment with steroids was given piroxicam (Feldene) for relief of pain and disability. Overt cutaneous and occult gastrointestinal bleeding developed after two months of treatment. Bleeding subsided and laboratory values returned to normal upon discontinuation of the drug. PMID- 6609436 TI - Prolonged survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - An asymptomatic female patient with CLL survived more than 32 years. Her case is compared to that of other known long-term CLL survivors. She had small, well differentiated lymphocytes in the peripheral blood with B-cell characteristics and increased numbers of cells binding surface immunoglobulin (IgM). She is only the second patient known to have survived this long without therapy and without progressive disease. She is also the longest known survivor of documented B-cell CLL. PMID- 6609437 TI - [T- and B-lymphocyte count in the peripheral blood of bronchial asthma patients during exacerbations and remissions of the disease]. PMID- 6609439 TI - [Transcutaneous neuroelectrostimulation in spinal osteochondrosis]. PMID- 6609438 TI - [Stimulation of T-lymphocytes during treatment of chronic pneumonia with levamisole]. PMID- 6609440 TI - Expression of class I histocompatibility antigens on human T-B lymphoblast hybrids. AB - Expression of class I histocompatibility antigens (HLA-A and B) on hybrids of human T and B lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) was examined. The T-LCL CEM expressed low levels of HLA-A and B antigens. CEMR and CEMR .3, two 8-azaguanine- and ouabain-resistant sublines of CEM used for fusion, expressed no detectable HLA-B antigens and expressed HLA-A antigens at a level below that of CEM. The three B-LCL studied expressed class I histocompatibility antigens at levels 50- to 80-fold in excess of that found on CEM as assessed by indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Total levels of class I histocompatibility antigens on hybrids of CEMR and CEMR .3 with B-LCL were similar to those found on the B-LCL. CEM-encoded HLA-A and B antigens were expressed on the hybrids at levels much greater than those seen on CEM itself; expression by the hybrids of CEM-encoded and B-LCL-encoded class I antigens was comparable. By RNA-DNA filter hybridization, CEMR .3 was found to have extremely low levels of class I heavy chain mRNA compared with two B-LCL and with HSB, a T-LCL that expresses high levels of class I histocompatibility antigens. Thus, the paucity of HLA-A and B expression by CEMR .3 (and by inference, CEMR and CEM), as well as the enhancement of CEM-encoded HLA-A and B antigen expression on B-LCL X T-LCL hybrids, must be due, at least in part, to modulation of the level of transcripts encoding HLA class I heavy chains. PMID- 6609441 TI - Interleukin 2 (IL2) is assigned to human chromosome 4. AB - The human gene for interleukin 2 (IL2) was assigned to chromosome 4 using human mouse somatic cell hybrids and Southern filter hybridization of cell hybrid DNA. To identify IL2, a recombinant DNA probe ( pIL2 - 50A ) was used which contained a human interleukin 2 cDNA insert which hybridized to a 3.5-kb fragment in human DNA when cleaved with the restriction enzyme EcoRI. PMID- 6609442 TI - [Bone and joint scintigraphy in rheumatology]. PMID- 6609443 TI - Unusual response of lymphocytic lymphoma (not hairy cell leukaemia) to splenectomy without chemotherapy. AB - An unusual period of prolonged disease control after splenectomy without chemotherapy was achieved in 3 cases of B-cell lymphocytic lymphoma with pancytopenia, massive splenomegaly, minimal lymphadenopathy and circulating hairy cells. The finding of distinctive histopathological features in the bone marrow, lymph nodes and splenic tissue enabled this unusual condition to be characterized and differentiated from hairy cell leukaemia, which may have similar presenting features and in which response to splenectomy is generally good. PMID- 6609444 TI - Constrictive pericarditis following myocardial revascularization. A case report. AB - The occurrence of constrictive pericarditis after coronary bypass surgery is rare and clinical manifestations may appear at variable intervals after surgery. Three possible causes have been postulated, all of which were probably involved in the case which we describe. The clinical diagnosis of postoperative constriction is difficult and not often considered. It is best confirmed by means of cardiac catheterization, which shows typical haemodynamic features. Surgical treatment is both difficult and a threat to the coronary bypass grafts, when present. Conservative management with diuretics is preferred unless constriction is severe. PMID- 6609445 TI - [Emission computed tomography in pulmonology]. PMID- 6609446 TI - [Attempt to analyze the role of alpha 1-antitrysin deficiency in the etiology of chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 6609447 TI - [Importance of hereditary factors in the development of chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 6609448 TI - Regional extravascular density and fractional blood volume of the lung in interstitial disease. AB - Regional lung density (g lung/ml thoracic volume) and fractional pulmonary blood volume (ml blood/ml thoracic volume) have been measured by positron tomography in 10 patients with interstitial disease. From the measurements regional extravascular lung density (g tissue and interstitial water/ml thoracic volume) was derived, providing a non-invasive measurement of the interstitial reaction. Extravascular lung density was increased and large regional variations were observed. Fractional blood volume was reduced in patients with pulmonary fibrosis. In two patients with sarcoidosis, a reduction in extravascular lung density occurred after treatment with oral prednisone. Abnormalities in extravascular lung density and fractional blood volume correlated with abnormalities shown by tests of overall pulmonary function. PMID- 6609449 TI - Surgical treatment of aneurysms of the ascending aorta associated with severe aortic regurgitation. AB - From January 1979 to June 1982 31 patients have had simultaneous ascending aortic aneurysm repair and aortic valve replacement. Fifteen patients (group 1) received a composite graft; seven patients (group 2) had separate aortic valve and supracoronary ascending aorta prostheses; and nine patients (group 3) had aortic valve replacement and "tailoring" of the ascending aorta. The mean age was 50 (SD 14) years. Nine patients had acute dissection, five with the coronary ostia affected. Emergency surgery was performed in 10 cases. There were six early deaths (19.4%), none of them due to technical complications during surgery. The mortality rate was 56% for patients with acute dissection operated on as an emergency and 4.5% for patients having elective operations. Appreciable haemorrhage occurred in four patients (12.9%). No neurological complications occurred. There was one late death. The survivors were followed up for one to four years. There was one case of recurrence of aneurysm. No ischaemic complications resulted from coronary reimplantation. There were no significant differences in the results of the three groups. Simultaneous ascending aortic aneurysm repair and aortic valve replacement can be accomplished with an acceptable mortality rate and little morbidity. PMID- 6609450 TI - Urinary procoagulant behaves as tissue factor by promoting factor VIIa-catalyzed activation of factor X. AB - We purified the urinary procoagulant from frozen human urine by introducing phenyl-Sepharose hydrophobic chromatography. By this method, the apoprotein of the procoagulant and the lipid-like substance were separately recovered. Upon reassociation with the lipid-like substance or exogenous crude phospholipids, the apoprotein accelerated factor VIIa-catalyzed activation of factor X, probably by forming a stoichiometric complex with the catalytic enzyme. Thus the procoagulant was confirmed to be a tissue factor by its mode of participation in the blood coagulation mechanism. PMID- 6609451 TI - Effects of DDAVP and venous occlusion on the release of tissue-type plasminogen activator and von Willebrand factor in patients with panhypopituitarism. PMID- 6609452 TI - [Use of immunological study methods for determining the time of death]. PMID- 6609453 TI - [Fatal hemorrhage in esophageal injury from a bone]. PMID- 6609454 TI - Immunomodulation of host resistance by tumor variants. AB - Immunomodulation of host resistance by tumor cell variants has been investigated in the context of immunological effects of tumor cell heterogeneity using a murine tumor model. Clonal variation in the susceptibility to specific T cell mediated cytotoxicity (TC), which is inversely related to tumorigenicity in syngeneic animals, was demonstrated among clones derived from a cultured line of DBA/2 lymphoma L1210 by limiting dilution. Thus, although a majority of such clones were TC-resistant and highly tumorigenic, some clones were TC-susceptible and non-tumorigenic. Moreover, an inoculation of the variant clones bearing the latter phenotype was shown to elicit protective immunity in host mice against a challenge with the parent L1210, whereas an inoculation of spleen cells (or extracts) from hosts bearing tumorigenic clones would abrogate the priming effects of the non-tumorigenic variants, presumably through splenic suppressor cells. These results suggest that heterogeneity among variant clones may influence the regulation of host resistance against tumors. PMID- 6609455 TI - T cell-mediated suppression of the concomitant antitumor immune response as an example of transplantation tolerance. PMID- 6609456 TI - Immunomodulating effects of anticancer drugs: the example of adriamycin. PMID- 6609457 TI - [Impressions about nursing interventions in coronary surgery in a hospital of ABD (Houston)]. PMID- 6609458 TI - [Impressions about nursing interventions in coronary surgery in a hospital of ABD (Houston)]. PMID- 6609459 TI - [Suppurative mediastinitis in the surgery of ischemic heart disease]. AB - Results of the surgical treatment of 16 patients with anterior purulent mediastinitis following operations of aorto-coronary shunting and resection of heart aneurysm are analyzed. A closed method of the treatment was used in 8 patients with mediastinitis. An open method with wide opening of the wound and following secondary sutures was used in 4 patients. Patent aorto-coronary shunts were noted in 30,0% after the open method of treatment of mediastinitis and in 78,6% after the closed one. PMID- 6609460 TI - [Contactless destruction of urinary and biliary calculi]. AB - Contactless destruction of urinary and biliary calculi was performed in experiment by using an electrohydraulic effect. The method used gave cleavage of urinary and biliary calculi into fragments less than 4 mm. PMID- 6609461 TI - [Treatment of microbe-contaminated wounds using an occlusion method]. PMID- 6609462 TI - [One-stage shunting of the anterior interventricular artery using a venous autotransplant and the internal thoracic artery]. PMID- 6609464 TI - [X-ray therapy and various immunologic indices in the complex treatment of suppurative-inflammatory processes]. AB - The antiinflammatory roentgenotherapy was used in 150 patients with pyo inflammatory processes (post-operative inflammatory complications, periappendicular infiltration, hydradenitis, osteo-articular panaritium, mastitis). Good and satisfactory results were obtained in 92,6% of the patients. Positive dynamics of the T-lymphocyte level and increased activity of the blood serum lysozyme proved to be good prognostic signs. PMID- 6609463 TI - [Immunology of angiogenic sepsis]. AB - The immunologic status of 28 patients with angiogenic sepsis was studied. Characteristic impairments and the prognostic value of certain indices (T- and B lymphocytes, isohemagglutinin, circulating immune complexes, general clinical analyses of blood with the counting of the leukocyte intoxication index) were established. Recommendations for the assessment of the immune protection of the patients and a program of the immune-correcting therapy are given. PMID- 6609465 TI - [Prediction of infectious complications in surgical patients]. AB - An analysis of results of intracutaneous tests with a set of microbe allergens in 121 patients has shown that absence of a skin reaction to all the allergens under test demonstrates a disturbed immune response (incidence of infectious complications was 77%, both lethal outcomes included). The selective hypersensitivity to the injection of certain allergens was due to the carrier state. The normal reaction of slow type hypersensitivity was found in 101 patients (86,4%) and showed no disorders in immune reactivity which was confirmed by the postoperative course without complications. The test of the slow type hypersensitivity is considered to be highly informative and to allow prognosis of postoperative complications. PMID- 6609466 TI - [Evaluation of several immunologic indices in suppurative surgical infections]. AB - The clinical course of the disease was correlated with the indices characterizing the activity of different components of the immune system in 47 patients with a purulent surgical infection. The investigation has shown the clinical value of immunological tests studied to be not identical. The determination of the concentration of the circulating immune complexes and the migration activity of macrophages is proposed for the prognostic assessment of the course of the disease. PMID- 6609467 TI - [Laboratory criteria of the effectiveness of sanitization of cardiac chambers during the surgical treatment of infectious endocarditis]. AB - Out of 26 patients operated for infectious endocarditis 6 are reported to have a recurrencies. Laboratory investigations show the efficiency of sanitation of the heart chambers and facilitate early diagnosis of recidivations. PMID- 6609468 TI - [Diverticulosis of the large intestine complicated by hemorrhage]. PMID- 6609469 TI - [Possibilities of gastroscopy after the surgical treatment of peptic ulcer]. AB - A considerable diagnostic value of endoscopy for the detection of recurrent ulcers and other postoperative syndromes was shown on the basis of the experience with endoscopies in 21 patients after gastroenterostomies , 281 patients after gastric resection and 96 patients after vagotomies performed for the ulcer disease of the stomach and duodenum. The methods of examining and the endoscopic picture after different operations are found to be of particular character. To study the state of the afferent loop after Bilroth -II resection of the stomach it is expedient to associate endoscopy with rentgenological examination. Endoscopy can be also used for some postoperative complications. PMID- 6609470 TI - Symposium on practice management. PMID- 6609471 TI - Computers in veterinary practice management. PMID- 6609473 TI - Selecting your accountant--an important decision. PMID- 6609472 TI - Deferred compensation plans for the professional corporation. PMID- 6609474 TI - Tax shelters. PMID- 6609475 TI - Pet health insurance. PMID- 6609476 TI - Establishing fees. AB - Everyone seems to agree that we should be concerned with the economic security of all small businesses, and in particular, the clients whom we serve. Businesses and consumers are equally concerned and occasionally scared. Both are cautious when spending hard-earned dollars. Animal care, which is not a routine budgetary expenditure, is often difficult for a family to fund. As a servicing veterinarian with a product to sell one must be cognizant of these economic dilemmas to understand your consumer. Your product must fit your consumers' needs and ability to pay, and you should not try to mold your clients to your needs. This current recession will close some veterinary practices. Those practices with high fixed overheads, overextended borrowing, too many leases, declining income, and poor management will suffer the most. PMID- 6609477 TI - Marketing veterinary medicine. PMID- 6609478 TI - The problem-oriented medical system. Improved knowledge, wisdom, and understanding of patient care. PMID- 6609479 TI - Group practice--trend for the future. AB - Group practices in various forms and combinations appear to set the trend for small animal practice management. By pooling their financial resources, energies, and talents, veterinarians can share the burden of increasing overhead costs and enjoy the benefits of specialization, new technologies, continuing education, consultations and referrals, peer review, applied research and publication, and fringe benefits such as paid vacation and sick leave, profit sharing, and pension. Group practices preserve ownership continuity at fair market value and afford opportunities for the utilization of expert business consultants. There are prerequisites to establishing a successful group practice: An adequate personal income base, a sufficient pet population, and business associates with compatible practice philosophy. Special considerations must be given to the social, economic, and psychological forces at work in a group practice environment. Professional and personal interactions can make or break a group practice. The group concept, MIP treatment of clients and their pets, and personalized appointments are important features which must be emphasized. The law of supply and demand and the law of diminishing returns must be kept in focus at all times. In tandem, they dictate the fortunes of all business enterprises and group practices can be particularly vulnerable to them. Long-term business commitment is a condition of group practice ownership and may pose a conflict with other interests. A predetermined buy-sell agreement and deferred compensation plan may provide the answer in case of dissolution, termination, or early retirement. A system of animal and material transport and transfer of business transactions and medical records must be set up between satellite clinics and the base hospital. A hospital-owned-and-operated shuttle service appears to offer the greatest flexibility and convenience. Cost-effectiveness of a shuttle service depends on the volume of referral cases generated for the base hospital. Computers may provide the answer to rapid and reliable transfer of data between satellite clinics and central or base hospitals in the near future. New approaches to small animal medicine and practice management must be explored and adopted. Prepaid pet medical insurance seems to be the answer to rapidly growing sophistication and escalating cost of small animal patient care. Human and companion animal interactions have been given a fresh impetus by veterinary educators, clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, humane societies, organizations for the mentally and physically handicapped, gerontologic centers, and others.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6609480 TI - Symposium on urogenital surgery. PMID- 6609481 TI - Porcine interleukin 2: parameters of production and biochemical characterization. AB - Interleukin 2 (IL2) or T cell growth factor (TCGF) has been characterized in a number of species but not in porcines. Porcine IL2 was detected in supernates (SN) of cultures of pig lymphocytes by: 1) the stimulation of the IL2-sensitive murine T cell line, CT6; 2) a costimulator assay involving porcine thymocytes; and 3) by the in vitro maintenance of antigen or mitogen-induced porcine lymphoblastoid cells. Porcine IL2 production by pig lymphocytes was induced by the mitogens Concanavalin A (Con A) Phytohemagglutiniin (PHA), and Pokeweed mitogen (PWM), but not by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). IL2 activity was demonstrated in the SN of mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte cultures as early as 24 hr after initiation of culture, reached peak levels at 48 hr, and decreased by 72 hr. Mitogens induced IL2 secretion by pig peripheral blood mononuclear cells, lymph node cells, and spleen cells, but not thymus cells. The cells responsible for IL2 production are presumptive T cells because: 1) they are nylon wool non-adherent; and 2) are non-surface-Ig bearing. In contrast, SN from cultures of surface Ig positive cells had minimal IL2 activity. Porcine IL2 resembles rat and human IL2 in that it has an apparent molecular weight of approximately 15,000, and does not bind to DEAE-cellulose (DE-52) ion exchange columns equilibrated in 0.05 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.6). PMID- 6609482 TI - Canine IL-2: characterization and optimal conditions for production. AB - The culture requirements for the production of canine I1-2 are reported. Several parameters have been tested, such as concentration of lectin, length of culture period and presence of the additives serum, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and phorbol myristic acetate (PMA). Optimal results have been obtained by stimulation of peripheral blood leukocytes with the lectin PHA (8 micrograms/ml) for 48 h. Techniques for the production of I1-2 containing supernatant free of PHA have been evaluated. Gel filtration chromatography of culture supernatant revealed that canine I1-2 has a molecular weight (m.w.) of approximately 30,000 daltons, similar to the m.w. of I1-2 produced by murine T cells. PMID- 6609484 TI - [Various aspects of the immunobiological action of preparation K]. PMID- 6609483 TI - [Changes in natural immunity in the blood in ankylosing spondylarthritis]. PMID- 6609485 TI - [Case of chronic occlusion of the portal vein complicated by the development of ulcers of the duodenal bulb]. PMID- 6609486 TI - [Effect of pregnancy on the course of portal hypertension]. PMID- 6609487 TI - [Some landmarks in tuberculosis control]. PMID- 6609488 TI - [Comparative effectiveness of acetylsalicylic acid, naprosyn and their combinations with prednisolone in the treatment of inactive rheumatism]. PMID- 6609489 TI - [Bioelectric activity of the human brain registered in response to adequate vestibular stimulation]. PMID- 6609491 TI - [Determination of regional extravascular lung water in heart failure]. AB - The measurement of regional extravascular lung water (rELW) was evaluated by two double-indicator dilution methods both in normals and in patients with congestive heart failure. 1. Time-activity curves in various regions of the lungs were recorded with a positron camera (Cycl. Corp., model 4200) following a bolus application (H2O-15 as a diffusible and CO-15-Carboxyhemoglobin as an intravascular tracer). The mean transit times were computed and the extravascular lung water per unit of plasma volume (ELW/Vp was calculated. Investigations in 4 normals (ELW/Vp = 0.10-0.37, means = 0.22) and 7 patients (ELW/Vp = 0.08-0.57, means = 0.33) showed that due to constraints in the method a clinically useful index of rELW is not yielded with this particularly technique. 2. Total lung water (constant infusion of H2O-15), blood volume (single breath inhaled C-11-O), and extravascular lung water (ELW = total lung water - blood volume) were measured with a positron camera system under steady state conditions. This study showed a relatively homogenous distribution of rELW in 2 normals (0.10-0.14 g/cm3), whereas in 2 patients with congestive heart failure (NYHA III-IV) rELW was about twice as high as in normals and showed significant regional differences (0.17-0.34 g/cm3). PMID- 6609490 TI - Constitutive forms of rabbit-liver microsomal cytochrome P-450: enzymatic diversity, polymorphism and allosteric regulation. AB - Large, independent variations occur among New Zealand White rabbits in the 21- and and 6 beta-hydroxylation of progesterone as catalysed by liver microsomes. These reactions are catalysed respectively by two electrophoretically distinct types of rabbit-liver microsomal cytochrome P-450, 1 and 3b, as judged by their catalytic efficiency and the capacity of specific monoclonal antibodies to extensively inhibit the respective microsomal hydroxylases. The relatively large variations in progesterone 6 beta-hydroxylase activity do not appear to be associated with differences in microsomal content of cytochrome P-450 3b, whereas differences in the microsomal concentration of cytochrome P-450 1 may underlie variations in 21-hydroxylase activity. Preparations of cytochrome P-450 3b contain at least two catalytically distinct subforms, one of which catalyses both 6 beta- and 16 alpha-hydroxylation of progesterone with a low Km while the other subform catalyses predominantly 16 alpha-hydroxylation with a significantly greater Km. The two catalytic subforms of cytochrome P-450 3b can be independently modulated in vitro by positive and negative effectors that can arise in vivo from the metabolism of progesterone. The 6 beta-hydroxylase subform of cytochrome P-450 3b is not expressed in a genetically defined strain of rabbits, IIIVO/J, indicating a heritable basis for the differential expression of the two subforms of cytochrome P-450 3b. These results indicate that the extent of cytochrome P-450 multiplicity may be greater than is evident from the isolation of electrophoretically distinct forms of cytochrome P-450, and that small differences in structure may underlie large differences in catalytic properties. It is not known whether the differences among outbred New Zealand White rabbits in the expression of either cytochrome P-450 1 or the subforms of cytochrome P-450 3b reflect regulatory phenomena or genetic polymorphism. PMID- 6609492 TI - [Prognostic significance of stress studies in patients with coronary 2-vessel disease--effect of stenosis of the proximal ramus intraventricularis anterior]. AB - To determine whether exercise testing can provide additional prognostic information in patients with angiographically determined 2-vessel disease and normal or mildly impaired left ventricular function, we followed 316 medically treated patients (pts) for a mean of 4.5 years. The 5-year survival rate (5-YSR) was 89.7%. On the basis of the results of exercise testing (supine bicycle ergometry) pts were divided into 3 equally sized groups. Pts with an exercise tolerance (ET) of more than 110 W had a 5-YSR of 95% compared to 81% for pts with an ET of less than or equal to 90 W (p less than 0.003). The 5-YSR was 86% and 91% for pts with (n = 87) and without (n = 229) a proximal LAD stenosis (p = 0.12). Pts with a proximal LAD stenosis and an ET of more than greater than 80 W (the better half) had a 5-YSR of 97% in contrast to 76% in pts with an ET of less than or equal to 80 W (p less than 0.02). Pts without proximal LAD disease had a 5-YSR of 93% (ET greater than 80 W) and 87% (ET less than or equal to 80 W) (p = n.s.). Thus in pts with 2-vessel disease and good left ventricular function, exercise testing can differentiate patients with a good long-term prognosis from pts with a markedly reduced prognosis. Exercise testing appears particularly useful in patients with proximal LAD disease and can facilitate the decision making process for aortocoronary bypass surgery. PMID- 6609493 TI - Matrix area activity in the regenerating optic tectum of Rana esculenta. AB - After keeping specimens of Rana esculenta at 4 degrees C for 24 hrs., the Authors removed a plug of right optic tectum. Thirty days later they injected 6-H3 thymidine and on the 200th day after surgery sacrificed the animals. With this technique it is possible to show the high regenerative capacity of the optic tectum; in fact, it is possible to observe reconstruction of the typical cellular and fibre layers of the removed nervous area. The origin of the cellular elements which supported this regenerative process and the possible connection between these results and restoration of the hemotrophic embryonic conditions due to absence of the blood-brain barrier, consequent on the cold treatment, is discussed. PMID- 6609494 TI - Comparison of virulence of clones of two Trichomonas vaginalis strains by the subcutaneous mouse assay. AB - No statistical differences in virulence were found among five clones isolated from each of two Trichomonas vaginalis strains JH31A and Balt 42. The former strain, isolated from a patient showing no cervical epithelial abnormalities, caused relatively small subcutaneous lesions in mice [mean volume for the noncloned strain, 75.45 +/- 4.43 mm3 (n = 70); mean of means for cloned populations, 77.28 +/- 3.14 mm3 (n = 230)]. The latter, Balt 42, isolated from a woman with an in situ carcinoma of the cervix uteri, produced large subcutaneous abscesses in mice [mean volume for the noncloned strain, 202.28 +/- 12.53 mm3 (n = 55); mean of means for cloned populations, 200.48 +/- 13.72 mm3 (n = 264)]. The apparent homogeneity of T. vaginalis strains with regard to virulence reinforces the dependability of the subcutaneous mouse assay. PMID- 6609496 TI - [Clinico-physiological aspects of the aging of the brain]. PMID- 6609495 TI - In vitro induction of lymphocyte responsiveness by a Strongylus vulgaris-derived mitogen. AB - Proliferation in vitro of peripheral blood lymphocytes both from horses infected with Strongylus vulgaris and from helminth-free ponies was observed in the presence of extracts of the fourth and fifth stage larvae and adults of S. vulgaris. In addition, S. vulgaris extracts induced transformation in cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes from sheep and dogs and in mouse spleen cell cultures. Nylon wool non-adherent, T cell enriched fractions of lymphocytes from both mice and horses were stimulated by the S. vulgaris larval mitogen while no proliferation was observed in cultures containing nylon wool adherent, B cell enriched fractions. Macrophage co-operation appeared not to be necessary for S. vulgaris mitogen-induced transformation of spleen cells. The S. vulgaris mitogen stimulated a subpopulation of mouse spleen cells different from those responsive to PHA, Con A and LPS. These cells might be T helper cells since B cells were stimulated to proliferate in the presence of both T cells and S. vulgaris larval mitogen. In addition, the supernatant of in vitro cultured larvae of S. vulgaris induced slight, but significant transformation of equine peripheral blood lymphocytes. Therefore, it is possible that the S. vulgaris mitogen released by both viable parasites and degenerating larvae might induce T cell dependent production of immunoglobulin in vivo and account for the beta-globulinaemia, of which IgG(T) is a major component, in S vulgaris infected horses. PMID- 6609497 TI - Hydrocephalus caused by tuberculous meningitis: clinical picture, CT findings and results of shunt surgery. AB - This study is an analysis of 70 children, five months to eleven years of age, with hydrocephalus secondary to tuberculous meningitis. They presented as an acute illness, mostly in early childhood, with disturbance of consciousness, convulsions, rigidity and, sometimes, neurological deficit. CT scans showed ventricular dilatation, periventricular translucency and exudates in basal cisterns. Shunt surgery performed early produced gratifying results without dissemination of tuberculosis. Residual ventricular dilatation following shunt surgery was inversely related to intellectual status. Even with advanced degrees of tuberculous meningitis, thirteen of the twenty-eight children tested for intellectual status were found to be educable or having near normal intelligence. Fatal intraventricular haemorrhages were seen in six cases as a late complication. PMID- 6609498 TI - [Closure of a vesico-perineal fistula with fibrin glue]. PMID- 6609501 TI - [Experiences with the Russian electrostimulation instrument Lenar I used during delivery]. AB - Experiences are reported an the soviet electral stimulation device "Lenar I" using during delivery in 19 patients. The are shortening of first stage of labour, sedation and analgesia, while the fetus is in a good condition. PMID- 6609500 TI - Cephalosporin resistance in strains of Klebsiella oxytoca isolated during antibiotic therapy. AB - In the course of multiple antibiotic treatment of a seriously ill patient, a high level of resistance to cefamandole, cefuroxime and ceftriaxone was found among consecutive isolates of Klebsiella oxytoca, other species isolated remaining susceptible. Susceptibility to cefotaxime was less affected, and the activity of cefoxitin and moxalactam was unchanged. Resistant K. oxytoca strains synthesized a large amount of a broad-spectrum beta-lactamase, able to hydrolyze ceftriaxone, cefuroxime and cefotaxime. The enzyme level as well as the ability to hydrolyze different cephalosporins with different rates explained the in vitro susceptibilities observed reasonably well. The initially susceptible K. oxytoca strain easily converted in vitro to variants producing a high level of beta lactamase after exposure to ceftriaxone, without concomitant acquisition of high level resistance to this antibiotic, suggesting that additional and at present unknown factors also contributed to resistance of the clinical isolates. PMID- 6609499 TI - [Effect of physical parameters on the production of streptococcal extracellular proteins in cultures with stabilized pH. II. Effect of temperature on the formation of streptococcal extracellular products]. AB - The influence of the cultivation temperature on growth and production of extracellular proteins was examined for the group C streptococcus S. equisimilis, strain H 46 A. The temperature range studied was from 28 degrees C to 43 degrees C. The analytical methods used included the determination of enzyme activities, isoelectric focusing and crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The strain was able to grow in the entire temperature range with maximum growth at 28 degrees C. The amounts of extracellular proteins elaborated depended on both the cultivation temperature and the biomass production. The specific temperature for optimal production of certain enzymes were determined. The majority of these was produced at optimal rate at a temperature of 28 degrees C. Besides isoelectric focusing and crossed immunoelectrophoresis showed that additional proteins exist, the production of which was reduced at low temperatures. Isoelectric focusing revealed that in a temperature range from 28 degrees C to 37 degrees C approximately 28 different extracellular proteins were produced. In the same temperature range the presence of about 30 antigens was demonstrated by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 6609502 TI - [Treatment of vulvovaginitis in children and adolescents with metronidazole]. AB - Vulvovaginitis is the most observed genital disease in children and adolescents and dependent from different etiologic factors. Bacteriogenic non specific infections were the most frequent cause in 275 girls. Bacteria were evident in 77.5 per cent, monilia, in 12.7 per cent and trichomonas vaginalis in 3.3 per cent. 143 cases were treated with metronidazole. All patients with trichomoniasis vaginitis became free of trichomonads. The cure rate of the anaerobic infections was 73.1 per cent. No side effects were observed. PMID- 6609503 TI - Blood pressure distribution and electrolytes excretion in a sample of the Nepalese population. AB - This paper presents the distribution of the blood pressure in a sample of 355 Nepalese citizens and the Na+ and K+ content in 180 morning urine spots. The blood pressure distribution suggests that this sample has the characteristics of a "low blood pressure population". The Na+/K+ ratio in the urine spots is relatively high (mean +/- S.D.: 4.6 +/- 3.4). Hypotheses concerning these contradictory findings are proposed. PMID- 6609504 TI - Kinetocardiographic detection of ventricular dyssynergy after myocardial infarction. Correlations with two-dimensional echocardiography. AB - The aim of this study was to determine if kinetocardiography can detect regional abnormalities of left ventricular kinetics, as occurs in coronary patients. Kinetocardiogram, M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiograms were recorded in 33 subjects (mean age 63, range 29-75 years), who previously had a myocardial infarction. On two dimensional echocardiograms, long axis, short axis, apical 4 chamber and apical 2-chamber projections were studied. Regional contractile abnormalities were rated as hypokinesis, akinesis, dyskinesis and aneurysm. In 6 subjects two dimensional echocardiogram was normal, in 5 it showed hypokinesis with left ventricular normal dimension or dilatation, and in the remaining 22 patients various regional kinetic abnormalities were observed. The kinetocardiogram showed paradoxical systolic movements in all patients with ventricular dyssynergy and was normal in all patients with normal ventricular kinetics, with or without left ventricular dilatation and global hypokinesis. There were no correspondences between echocardiography and kinetocardiography, regarding sites and amount of abnormalities. Kinetocardiography can thus noninvasively detect qualitative left ventricular kinetics abnormalities, in patients with myocardial infarction. PMID- 6609505 TI - Iron overload and left ventricular performance in beta thalassemia. AB - The effect of iron overload on left ventricular (LV) performance was studied in 60 patients with beta-thalassemia. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the number of blood units (BU) received. Clinically, 14 patients were in advanced classes (III and IV) of congestive heart failure (CHF). LV performance was extensively studied by M-mode echocardiography, and the results were correlated to BU transfused and CHF presence. E point-septal separation, LV systolic and diastolic dimensions had greater values in CHF patients (p less than 0.0001). The percentage shortening of the internal LV diameter and the peak velocity of circumferential fiber shortening were reduced in CHF patients (p less than 0.01 and 0.0001), while the percentage thickening of the LV posterior wall (PW) and interventricular septum (IVS), were independent of CHF presence. LVPW relaxation and indices of the overall diastolic LV function had similar values in all groups. The relation of all systolic and diastolic indices to BU was low (r less than 0,6) and in most cases indifferent (p:NS). A special finding was observed in 4 CHF patients, where segmental IVS dyskinesia contrasted with a satisfactory LVPW motion. The above results indicate that CHF in beta-thalassemia is not the consequence of volume and iron overload, but that these factors are predisposing towards the development of a specific type of cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6609506 TI - Structural changes in the rat myocardium after exhaustive exercise. AB - The ventricular myocardium of rats sacrificed immediately after exhaustive swimming exercise showed the following degenerative changes. The organization of the myofilaments varied from an accentuated hypercontraction of the sarcomeres to a disorganization of the same with loss of orientation of the myofilaments and blurring of the Z lines ("contraction bands"). The mitochondria showed an increased swelling along with disorganization of the cristae and narrow joints between the membranes. The nuclei showed an increase in the amount of heterochromatin. All these changes were evident in the first few minutes of the exercise and they reached their maximum level between the first and second hours, diminishing during the second and third hour. The effect produced in the myocardium by this exercise is reversible, since the appearance of the fibres in rats sacrificed at the twelfth, twenty-fourth, and forty-eight hour following the end of the exercise was approaching that of the controls. PMID- 6609507 TI - Contraceptive pill use, urinary sodium and blood pressure. A population study in two Belgian towns. AB - The relationship between contraceptive pill use, urinary sodium and blood pressure was investigated in a random sample of the premenopausal female inhabitants of 2 small Belgian towns. Systolic and diastolic pressure tended to be higher in 58 present pill users (126 +/- 11/75 +/- 9 mm Hg: mean +/- standard deviation) than in 110 women not currently taking the contraceptive pill (123 +/- 11/74 +/- 8 mm Hg). Their urinary sodium excretion averaged 149 +/- 47 and 143 +/ 57 mEq/24 h, respectively. Systolic pressure was positively associated with 24 hour urinary sodium in pill users (r = +0.41; p less than 0.01) and in those not on the pill (r = +0.19; p less than 0.05). This association was independent of age and persisted after adjusting for body weight and pulse rate in pill users, but was no longer apparent in the others when body weight, pulse rate, and age were taken into account. Thus, pill use was associated with an elevation of arterial pressure. In subjects taking the pill a positive association was observed between the urinary sodium excretion and systolic pressure. It is therefore possible that the systolic pressure of pill users becomes responsive to their usual sodium intake. PMID- 6609508 TI - Application of a simplified physical model to the plethysmographic study of the leg venous outflow. AB - We describe a simplified physical model of the leg venous outflow. It features an apparent compliance C and outflow resistance R. The venous volume accumulated during a venous occlusion discharges after the release of the compression following an exponential curve (T = time constant = RC). This model fits the curves obtained by strain gauge plethysmography in normal legs and in limbs suffering from chronic venous obstructions. The values for R, C and T are calculated from the plethysmographic measurements. The limbs with chronic obstructions differentiate themselves from the normal mainly by an increase of R but some limbs show values close to normal likely due to a compensation (collaterals or partial recanalization). T (prolonged) and C (decreased) are less affected by chronic venous obstructions. The diagnostic score of this mode of analysis is better than the usual graphic determination of the maximum venous outflow (MVO). PMID- 6609509 TI - Blood levels and electrophysiological effects of intravenous amiodarone in patients with junctional reciprocating tachycardia. Preliminary observations. AB - The time course and the mode of antiarrhythmic action of Amiodarone was studied after acute i.v. injection of the drug (5 mg/kg in 5 min) to four patients with junctional reciprocating tachycardia. Electrophysiological studies were performed before and 1 and 2 hours after Amiodarone injection. It was impossible or considerably more difficult to induce junctional reciprocating tachycardia after Amiodarone, and the drug's effect was detectable mainly on the AV node. Kinetic analysis of blood levels of Amiodarone during the electrophysiological study did not support a direct association between blood concentration and its effects. PMID- 6609510 TI - Myocardial preservation using a modified Bretschneider cardioplegic solution during open heart surgery in adults. PMID- 6609511 TI - [Rheumatologic vade mecum for the orthopedic surgeon]. PMID- 6609512 TI - Muscular compartment pressure following reconstructive arterial surgery of the lower limbs. AB - Intramuscular pressure in the anterior tibial compartment and calf circumference were measured daily during six days following reconstructive surgery for lower limb atherosclerosis in 31 patients. Both intramuscular pressure and calf circumference were significantly increased in the operated extremity from the first postoperative day. Maximum intramuscular pressure was found on the second postoperative day. No patient developed a compartment syndrome. Calf circumference increased more slowly and reached maximum on the fifth postoperative day. Following successful reconstructive arterial surgery intramuscular pressure and calf circumference increased most in patients undergoing dissection of the groin and leg, probably reflecting intraoperative damage of lymphatic vessels. In four patients where the reconstructive arterial surgery failed intramuscular pressure and calf circumference remained unchanged postoperatively despite dissection of the groin and leg. Thus, the present study suggests that both impaired lymphatic drainage and increased capillary filtration contribute to the development of increased intramuscular pressure and calf circumference following reconstructive arterial surgery of the leg. PMID- 6609513 TI - Intestinal intramural haemorrhage after blunt abdominal trauma. AB - Intramural haemorrhage of the intestine following blunt trauma to the abdomen has been described in several clinical studies. Though such lesions may have an innocent appearance at primary laparotomy, they lead to delayed intestinal perforation in some cases. In previous experiments with similar lesions produced by penetrating abdominal missile, the histologic appearance and the clinical course were documented in pigs observed under long-term anaesthesia. In the present study anaesthetized pigs were submitted to blunt abdominal trauma in an impact machine, whereby the impact velocity could be regulated. The intra abdominal pressure and the delivered impulse were recorded and the incidence and histologic appearance of intestinal injuries were observed at laparotomy immediately after the trauma. Intramural haemorrhage was found to occur when the impact velocity exceeded 5 m/s. At impact velocity 20 m/s, intestinal rupture occurred primarily. The observed intramural haemorrhages had the same histologic appearance as those seen after penetrating missile injury. The same clinical course, consequently, could be anticipated after blunt trauma. PMID- 6609514 TI - Treatment of ewes at different stages of pregnancy with epidermal growth factor: effects on wool growth and plasma concentrations of growth hormone, prolactin, placental lactogen and thyroxine and on foetal development. AB - Pregnant ewes at 57, 75 and greater than or equal to 101 days of gestation were infused with approximately 3 mg of epidermal growth factor (EGF) for a period of 24-28 h. The strength of attachment of the wool fibres to the skin became progressively reduced during the week following treatment. After 3 weeks, the mean forces required to pluck staples had declined to between 10 and 30% of the pre-infusion measurements and the fleeces were able to be removed easily by hand. Increases in growth hormone and placental lactogen occurred in plasma of ewes during EGF treatment. Prolactin was not affected by EGF but circulating levels of thyroxine declined. The concentrations of these hormones returned to approximate pretreatment values within 24 h of the end of infusion. EGF treatment at the dose levels used did not appear to significantly affect the development or viability of the foetus. PMID- 6609515 TI - Bacterial modulation of the cellular immune response in mice. II. Stimulation by endotoxin of the reduced cellular immune response to LCM virus infection in aged mice. AB - Aging mice treated with radio-detoxified endotoxin and subsequently inoculated intracerebrally with lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus died earlier and in a higher rate than the virus infected and otherwise untreated controls. Thus, in mice with insufficient T lymphocyte function due to aging, the radio-detoxified endotoxin pretreatment contributed to the outcome of LCM virus infection in the form of lethal meningitis. That indicates a stimulatory effect on the reduced cellular immunological reaction to the virus infection. PMID- 6609516 TI - Effect of irradiated haemophilus influenzae endotoxin preparations in mice. AB - A detoxified substance (rdLPS) was produced from Haemophilus influenzae endotoxin by ionizing radiation and its capacity to prevent attacks of dyspnoea elicited by endotoxin inhalation in mice has been studied. The rdLPS proved to be an effective stimulant of aspecific immune resistance of mice but it could only partly prevent attacks of dyspnoea. PMID- 6609517 TI - Epidemiology of central nervous system neoplasms. A regional survey in Central Finland. AB - An epidemiologic survey of central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms in Central Finland revealed a total of 367 neoplasms, 298 of which were diagnosed during 1975-82, the remaining being diagnosed earlier. Histological verification was available in 83% of intracranial and 90% of intraspinal neoplasms. 14% of the intracranial neoplasms diagnosed during 1975-82 were found incidentally at autopsy. Metastases corresponded to 18% of all CNS neoplasms. Age- and sex adjusted annual incidence rates for primary and metastatic intracranial neoplasms were 12.3 and 3.4/100,000, and for intraspinal neoplasms 1.3 and 0.7/100,000, respectively. The total incidence of all CNS neoplasms was 17.7/100,000/year. Of the different types of intracranial neoplasms, meningiomas were more frequent among women than among men with a ratio of 8:1; metastases were more common among men with a ratio of 2.5:1. For primary intracranial neoplasms, point prevalences (January 1, 1983) were 65.9/100,000 and intraspinal neoplasms 9.1/100,000. The corresponding period prevalences for 1982 were 73.7 and 9.5/100,000. PMID- 6609518 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients in active disease. AB - Lymphocyte subpopulations (total T cells, active T cells and B cells) were simultaneously analyzed in peripheral blood and CSF of MS patients. All patients were in active disease, 3 to 4 weeks after first signs of disease activation appeared. Per cent levels and absolute numbers of examined lymphocyte subpopulations in the blood of MS patients were significantly lower than in healthy controls. In MS, the level of active T lymphocytes was lower in CSF than in peripheral blood. The results support our earlier observations relating to the role of active T lymphocytes in the clinical course of disease. PMID- 6609519 TI - Somatosensory compensation for loss of labyrinthine function. AB - Somatosensory compensation for vestibular deficiency was demonstrated by stepping in circles in the dark. Stepping around in small circles provides a complex pattern of afferent somatosensory signals, which in combination represent the actual movement. Labyrinthless patients, i.e. patients devoid of labyrinthine function, reported during real as well as during apparent stepping around (on a rotating platform without stimulation of the canals) a strong sensation of rotation, as did the healthy subjects; they had a stronger somatosensory nystagmus than the healthy controls. In controls, the somatosensory and vestibular aftersensations cancelled, while the vestibular slightly outweighed their somatosensory afternystagmus . Labyrinthless subjects had no vestibulo- culomotor integrator function. PMID- 6609520 TI - Gain and phase characteristics of compensatory eye movements in light and darkness. A study with a broad frequency-band rotatory test. AB - Thirteen normal subjects were investigated with a broad frequency-band (up to 4.5 Hz) rotatory test. The vestibular stimulation consisted of either a pseudo-random or a sinusoidal frequency sweep oscillation. Eye movements were recorded by EOG. Head movements were recorded either by a potentiometer attached to the chairs axis of rotation or by an angular rate sensor attached to a biteboard . Gain and phase values between eye and head movements were calculated. Measurements were performed in light and darkness during the execution of various fixation tasks. In the higher frequency range there was a in gain and phase between potentiometer and rate sensor measurements due to movement of the head relative to the headholder . Visual suppression, in agreement with earlier studies, was more effective during a sinusoidal stimulation than during a pseudo-random stimulation at low frequencies, using the more precise rate sensor measurement technique. Different instructions in the dark could alter the gain values at lower frequencies (up to 2 Hz) during sinusoidal stimulation. During pseudo-random stimulation no such differences could be elicited. Under all test conditions with the rate sensor, the gain values approached unity at about 3 Hz. PMID- 6609521 TI - The effect of erythromycin on the nasopharyngeal pathogens in children with secretory otitis media. AB - Seventy-five children not older than 11 years, with secretory otitis media of more than 3 months' duration were randomly divided into two groups prior to myringotomy. One group remained untreated, whereas the other received erythromycin ethylsuccinate (Abboticin) in standard dosage for the last 10 days before surgery. Nasopharyngeal cultures were taken under general anaesthesia, which ensured an uniform mode of sampling. In the erythromycin-treated group the occurrence of Streptococcus pneumoniae (3%) and Branhamella catarrhalis (0%) was significantly lower than in the control group (35% and 32%, respectively); and the frequency of cultures with no pathogen was significantly higher in the treated group. The occurrence of Haemophilus influenzae remained essentially unchanged. PMID- 6609522 TI - [The auditory brain stem response in extensive extrinsic and intrinsic lesions of the brain stem]. PMID- 6609523 TI - Burden and biochemical effects of extended tetrahydrofuran vapour inhalation of three concentration levels. AB - Adult male rats exposed to tetrahydrofuran vapour at 8.2 (200 p.p.m.), 41 (1,000 p.p.m.) or 82 mumol/l (2,000 p.p.m.) for 2 to 18 weeks, five days a week, 6 hrs daily, showed dose-dependent brain and perirenal fat solvent burden linearly correlated to each other. After two weeks of exposure, the body burden of tetrahydrofuran seems to decrease. This might have been caused by increased oxidative metabolism as enhanced 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activity was detected in liver and kidneys in the 2nd week and onwards. The exposure also caused inhibition of alcohol and formaldehyde dehydrogenase activities in liver at the highest dose. Biochemical effects in the cerebellum were not detected while gluteal muscle specimens showed increased succinate dehydrogenase activity in a dose-related manner. This points to effects on the energy metabolism. Muscle acetylcholine esterase activity was also increased showing possible effects on the myoneural junctions. PMID- 6609524 TI - Vibratory stimulation for the alleviation of chronic pain. AB - The pain relieving effect of vibratory stimulation was studied in 731 patients suffering from acute pain (135 patients) or chronic pain (596 patients). Most of the patients had previously undergone treatments of various kinds without sufficient pain relief. The effect of vibratory stimulation was assessed before, during and after stimulation using different rating scales. About 70% of the patients reported reduction of pain during vibratory stimulation. In many patients there was a clear relation between the degree of reduction of pain and the intensity of pain before the beginning of stimulation. In general, relief of pain by more than 50% during stimulation was obtained in the patients who reported light, light to moderate, or moderate pain. The patients with moderate to severe, or severe pain before stimulation generally reported a reduction of pain of 50% or less. The best pain reducing site was found to be either the area of pain or close to it, the antagonistic muscle or a trigger point near the painful area. In most patients suffering from musculoskeletal pain the best pain reducing effect was obtained when the vibratory stimulation was applied with moderate pressure (at which contact was achieved with underlying bone) at a frequency of 50-150 Hz. To obtain a maximal duration of pain relief the stimulation had to be applied for 30-45 minutes. Many of the patients experienced pain relief lasting for more than 3 hours. It may be noticed that in many patients the pain relief lasted for 12 hours or more. There was a good correlation between the degree of pain relief and its duration. In the patients who experienced a pain reduction of 50% or less the pain relief generally lasted for less than 6 hours while in the patients who experienced pain relief of more than 50% it lasted for more than 6 hours. In comparison with high or low frequency TENS, vibratory stimulation was found to be as effective and in some patients even more effective in reducing chronic musculoskeletal or orofacial pain. The effect of 20 Hz, 100 Hz and 200 Hz vibratory stimulation, high frequency TENS, low frequency TENS and "placebo" vibratory stimulation was examined in various chronic musculoskeletal pain syndromes. 82% of the patients experienced a relief of pain with any of the above mentioned methods; 47% of the patients experienced a reduction of pain with vibratory stimulation or TENS stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6609525 TI - Adenosine deaminase in malaria infection: effect of 2'-deoxycoformycin in vivo. PMID- 6609526 TI - T cell activation in typhoid fever detected by increased levels of adenosine deaminase. PMID- 6609527 TI - New perspectives in the diagnosis and treatment of adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency. PMID- 6609528 TI - Impaired metabolism of deoxyadenosine in uremic erythrocytes. PMID- 6609529 TI - Nucleotide levels and metabolism of adenosine and deoxyadenosine in intact erythrocytes deficient in adenosine deaminase. PMID- 6609530 TI - Intravenous deoxycytidine therapy in a patient with adenosine deaminase deficiency. PMID- 6609531 TI - Deoxycoformycin resistant mammalian cells that overproduce adenosine deaminase. PMID- 6609532 TI - Purine interconversion pathways in T, B, T gamma and T-T gamma cells from human peripheral blood. PMID- 6609533 TI - Selective inhibition of various mitogen responses in human lymphocytes. PMID- 6609534 TI - Sensitivity of human T and B lymphoblasts to immunoregulatory drugs. PMID- 6609535 TI - Inhibition of in vitro lymphocyte proliferation and B cell differentiation by deoxyguanosine: evidence for separate mechanisms. PMID- 6609536 TI - Biochemical basis for the differential effects of deoxycoformycin on human leukemias. PMID- 6609537 TI - Sensitivity of T-leukemic cells to deoxyguanosine and arabinosyl guanine. PMID- 6609538 TI - Exploiting biochemical differences in leukemia. PMID- 6609539 TI - Deoxyadenosine induced G1 phase arrest in leukemic T cells. PMID- 6609540 TI - Purine deoxyribonucleoside induced hepatotoxicity in the mouse. PMID- 6609541 TI - Characterization of adenosine deaminating activity in normal and adenosine deaminase deficient human tissue. PMID- 6609542 TI - The effect of low dosage glucocorticoids on bone mass in rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional and a longitudinal study using single photon absorptiometry. AB - The cross-sectional study of patients with RA receiving LDGC, compared with those on NSAID alone (or patients with AS) showed that LDGC significantly affects bone mass at midshaft and even more so at the distal radius. The loss of bone seems to be brisk but continuous on the long run, at least at the distal scanning site, and thus increases the C/T ratio, especially in aged men. The loss of bone mass in the LDGC group correlates with the duration of the disease as well as with carpal destruction (especially at mid shaft radius), with both parameters being correlated with one another. At equal carpal destruction, LDGC still affects bone mass. Whether receiving NSAID alone or LDGC in addition, patients with RA, as compared with controls, are more liable to lose bone when they grow older. In a longitudinal study, premenopausal women were unaffected by the administration of LDGC at both scanning sites. In contrast, postmenopausal women receiving LDGC lost at least twice as much bone as did normal women after the menopause. Men of all ages on LDGC lost bone at a rate equal to that of normal women after the menopause. Men with RA or with AS on NSAID alone did not significantly lose bone. It is concluded that LDGC may be given to premenopausal women without harm to their bone mass. After the menopause, hormonal replacement therapy, if not contra indicated, should be given in association with LDGC. Men fortunately have a higher peak bone mass and therefore can afford to lose bone during a decade before they attain the same situation as women at the time of their menopause. If treatment is then continued for another two decades, their bone mass might behave as does that of postmenopausal women if bone loss is continuous over such long periods of time. This latter assumption has yet to be verified. PMID- 6609543 TI - [The striated urethral sphincter in man]. PMID- 6609544 TI - [Treatment of female urinary incontinence by rehabilitation]. PMID- 6609545 TI - [Non-pharmacologic treatment of bladder hyperactivity]. PMID- 6609546 TI - [Histopathological studies on bladder carcinoma. 2: Role of local lymph follicle and immunoblast cells]. AB - The relationship between the cellular stromal reaction and systemic immunity was examined in 34 cases of bladder tumors. To determine the cellular stromal reaction, we examined the local lymph follicles such as peritumoral lymphocyte accumulation, and the immunoblast cells having abundant, basophilic cytoplasm with large vesicular nuclei which contained 1-3 large and irregular nucleoli. To measure systemic immunity, lymphocytes, T cells, B cells, IgG-Fc receptor T cells, and lymphocyte blast formation ratio with PHA were examined. The survival rate was higher in the group with a strong stromal reaction. The distribution of the immunoblast cells showed a tendency to accumulate in the paracortical area of the local lymph follicles. Examination of the depth of tumor infiltration and grade revealed many local lymph follicles and immunoblast cells in pT 2 and G 2 groups. The groups in which lymph follicles and/or immunoblast cells were positive showed a tendency of high lymphocyte blastformation ratio with PHA accompanied by a low percentage of IgG-Fc receptor T cells. These findings suggest that local lymph follicles and immunoblast cells may be a manifestation of the systemic immunity acting as a tumor defense mechanism. PMID- 6609547 TI - Fluid levels in aneurysmal bone cysts: a CT feature. AB - Review of 17 computed tomographic (CT) scans of aneurysmal bone cysts revealed fluid levels in six of the lesions; the fluid shifted after repositioning of two patients. Visibility of fluid levels did not correlate with the type of fluid found within the lesions. Detection of fluid levels depended partly on a period of immobilization before CT and on viewing the images with sufficiently narrow window settings. PMID- 6609548 TI - Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of lymphangiographically normal lymph nodes: a negative view. AB - Clinical acceptance of lymphangiography has been limited primarily by a high false-negative rate. Two recent reports suggest that fine-needle aspiration biopsy of lymphangiographically normal lymph nodes can detect "silent" metastases, thereby improving lymphangiography as a staging procedure. Aspiration biopsies were performed on radiographically normal lymph nodes bilaterally in 49 patients with carcinoma of the prostate or bladder, without detecting a single metastasis. Even though fewer nodes were biopsied in each case than in the two previous studies, the results of this study cast doubts on the assertion that percutaneous aspiration biopsy of lymphangiographically normal nodes can detect most nodal metastases. PMID- 6609549 TI - Lymphangiography and fine-needle aspiration biopsy: ineffective for staging early prostate cancer. AB - Four hundred thirty-six patients with carcinoma of the prostate had lymphangiography (LAG) as part of their initial evaluation before treatment. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of abnormal opacified lymph nodes was performed routinely. The positivity rate of LAG and FNAB in each clinical stage was compared with the positivity rate predicted for that stage, based on published series of patients with carcinoma of the prostate who underwent pelvic lymph node dissection (LND). Within each clinical stage, the relation of the outcome of LAG/FNAB to histologic tumor grade (Gleason score) and serum acid phosphatase levels was evaluated. LAG/FNAB was of very limited value in patients with less than clinical stage C disease and of no value in patients with a Gleason score of less than 6. Although LAG/FNAB is insensitive even in clinical stage C disease, a positive result will avoid the morbidity and expense of a staging LND and allow confident selection of appropriate treatment. A negative LAG/FNAB, on the other hand, is meaningless, because of the high false-negative rate of LAG. Since no two study populations are exactly alike, any evaluation or comparison of tests used to stage patients with carcinoma of the prostate should state the distribution of its patients by clinical stage. PMID- 6609550 TI - The safe intercostal approach? Pleural complications in abdominal interventional radiology. AB - Six serious pleural complications (three empyemas, two hemothoraces, and one bilious effusion) have occurred after use of the right intercostal approach to the upper abdomen in 230 interventional radiologic procedures performed over the last 3 years. The anatomy of the pleural reflection in the right costophrenic sulcus is reviewed and correlated with a dissection study of the course of right intercostal needle punctures in three cadavers. The pleural reflection reaches the level of the 10th rib in the midaxillary line, and in the cadaver study, all 9th- 10th interspace punctures clearly traversed pleura, diaphragm, and peritoneum to reach the liver. The widely held belief among radiologists that the pleura can be deliberately avoided in transhepatic cholangiography and biliary drainage is shown to be false. It is believed that most needle punctures traverse the costophrenic sulcus, through pleura but below lung, despite the low incidence of reported pleural complications. a left subxiphoid approach avoiding the pleura is recommended in patients with abscesses, ascites, emphysema, anxiety, and, in the case of biliary drainage, benign or purely left-sided disease. When using the intercostal approach, the minimum number of needle passes, careful route planning, antibiotic prophylaxis, and postprocedural chest radiography are strongly recommended. PMID- 6609551 TI - Intraaneurysmal embolization of a pulmonary artery aneurysm for control of hemoptysis. PMID- 6609552 TI - Perforation of the superior vena cava: a complication of digital angiography in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. PMID- 6609553 TI - Changing topographic patterns of human cerebral blood flow with age measured by xenon CT. AB - Changes in cerebral blood flow with age have been of long-standing interest. A study of 20 normal, healthy, right-handed volunteers 20-100 years old using a noninvasive method is reported. Local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) and partition coefficients (L lambda) were measured during inhalation of 35% stable xenon gas and serial computed tomographic (CT) scanning (CT-CBF). Throughout CT-CBF measurements, subjects lay comfortably at rest, with eyes closed and ears unplugged. Environmental stimulation was limited to ambient light and only those sounds unavoidable during CT scanning. LCBF values were correlated with advancing age by cross-sectional analysis. Relatively higher LCBF values were measured bilaterally in the cortex of occipital and frontal lobes; no significant differences were noted between left and right hemispheres. Significant age related declines in LCBF values were observed for all cortical and subcortical gray and white matter regions of interest examined (p less than 0.001 for all three regions). Age-related declines were steepest in the cortex of the frontal lobes, particularly prefrontal cortex, caudate, putamen, and lentiform nuclei. Speech and visual cortical regions, functionally active throughout the normal life span, showed less age-related decline compared with all other regions, particularly prefrontal. So-called "hyperfrontality," ratio of mean flow values for frontal cortex to mean pooled values for total cortex, became progressively reduced with age (p less than 0.01). PMID- 6609554 TI - Correlation of CT cerebral vascular territories with function: 3. Middle cerebral artery. AB - Schematic displays are presented of the cerebral territories supplied by branches of the middle cerebral artery as they would appear on axial and coronal computed tomographic (CT) scan sections. Companion diagrams of regional cortical function and a discussion of the fiber tracts are provided to simplify correlation of clinical deficits with coronal and axial CT abnormalities. PMID- 6609555 TI - Computed tomography and thin-section tomography in facial trauma. AB - The efficacy of radiographic methods in detecting and classifying facial fractures was assessed. Thirty-one patients with maxillofacial trauma were studied with plain radiography, coronal and lateral pluridirectional tomography (PT), and axial and direct coronal computed tomography (CT). PT and CT were compared to assess how many fractures each method could demonstrate. In addition, plain films were used in combination with each special study to see how efficacious each combination was at classifying fractures into types, such as blow-out, tripod, etc. To reflect the fact that it is sometimes impossible to obtain lateral PT or direct coronal CT scans at this institution, the same analysis was done using just coronal PT and axial CT. With two projections, CT was better than PT at demonstrating fractured surfaces (168 vs. 156) and in classifying fractures in combination with plain films (48 vs. 43). However, when only one projection from each special study was used, PT surpassed CT in showing fractures (137 vs. 124) and in classifying fractures (42 vs. 40). Failures with each method occurred when the plane of section was parallel or oblique to the plane of the structure being examined, that is, axial CT failed to show the floor of the orbit well and coronal PT failed to show the anterior maxillary sinus wall well. Imaging in two planes, including the coronal plane, is desirable for greatest accuracy in fracture detection, whether by CT, PT, or both. CT is generally better for the display of soft-tissue abnormalities. PMID- 6609556 TI - Real-time fluoroscopic digital subtraction. PMID- 6609557 TI - Diagnostic oncology case study: painless proptosis in an elderly woman. PMID- 6609558 TI - Women in radiology in the United States: 1982 survey of their professional practices. AB - In 1982, the American Association of Women Radiologists surveyed women radiologists practicing in the United States to acquire information concerning their training, practice patterns, lifestyles, and opinions about employment equity. This report summarizes the resulting data from 336 responses to the 1,700 questionnaires that were distributed. As would be expected with the increasing number of women currently graduating from medical school, women radiologists responding to the questionnaire are younger than the group of radiologists as a whole. However, geographic distribution and percentage of board certification (96%) are comparable for the two groups. Data from the survey indicate that at least 61% of women radiologists are involved in private practice and 39% in academic radiology. For all radiologists, the respective figures are 82% and 18%. Most women responding to the survey believed that their income was comparable to that of men in similar positions. On the other hand, 56% of respondents perceived inequities in the ability of women radiologists to secure desirable jobs. PMID- 6609560 TI - Pediatric case of the day. PMID- 6609559 TI - Case of the day. PMID- 6609561 TI - Smoker's chest: a radiographic challenge. PMID- 6609562 TI - Evaluation of the esophagus in patients with head and neck cancer. PMID- 6609563 TI - Early intrauterine pregnancy with low serum hCG levels. PMID- 6609564 TI - Regional lymph node classification system for staging of lung cancer. PMID- 6609565 TI - Gated cardiac imaging using a continuously rotating CT scanner: clinical evaluation of 91 patients. AB - To produce electrocardiographically (ECG)-gated computed tomographic (CT) images of the heart, a post-data-acquisition ECG correlation technique was used in which data for missing angular projections are derived from the original scan data to complete 360 angular projections. Improved image quality and clinical usefulness were demonstrated compared with routine nongated CT and two-dimensional echocardiography. Gated CT was better than nongated CT in 26 of 41 positive and three of five negative cases of suspected myocardial infarction, four of 10 positive and one of 12 negative cases of suspected left atrial mass, three of 10 cases with pericardial fluid collection, and three other cases. Compared with echocardiography, CT was of additional value in eight of 10 cases of myocardial infarction, five of nine positive and one of 10 negative cases of suspected left atrial mass, four of 10 positive and one of three negative cases of suspected pericardial fluid collection, and two other cases. The equipment required for CT gating is of low cost, but the examination time is lengthy and less conveniently performed than echocardiography. However, when echocardiography is indecisive or suspected to be falsely negative, gated CT imaging of the heart is recommended. PMID- 6609567 TI - Thoracic cryptococcosis: immunologic competence and radiologic appearance. AB - Cryptococcosis, a potentially fatal pulmonary infection, is being recognized with increased frequency in both immunologically compromised patients and those without obvious predisposing factors. This review of 24 cases of proven pulmonary cryptococcosis includes 15 immunologically compromised patients and nine noncompromised hosts. The noncompromised hosts tended to have a radiographic pattern of a peripheral nodule or nodules. The compromised hosts demonstrated a wider variety of radiographic abnormalities including single nodules, multiple nodules that progressed to confluence and/or cavitation, segmental consolidation, bilateral bronchopneumonia, or mixed patterns. Adenopathy, cavitation, and pleural effusions were limited to the compromised hosts. PMID- 6609566 TI - Evaluating the radiographic assessment of pulmonary venous hypertension in chronic heart disease. AB - This study evaluated how accurately the chest film could be used to determine pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCW) in patients with chronic heart disease. Six experienced readers interpreted the erect posteroanterior chest radiographs of 50 patients whose measured PCWs ranged from 6 to 38 mm Hg. Direct numeric estimates of PCW from the films were closely related to measured levels of PCW (r = 0.675). This linear correlation increased to 0.81 when individual-reader variations were reduced by taking a "consensus" (mean) of the six readers' estimates for each case. A combination of the judged degree of pulmonary blood flow redistribution (PFR) and three particular signs of pulmonary venous hypertension (PVH), basal and perihilar vascular blurring and alveolar edema, adequately summarized the radiographic information about PCW. These combined judgments of PFR/PVH identified films from patients with higher and lower PCW levels as accurately as readers' numeric estimates of PCW. Other radiographic signs (enlargement of the heart and central pulmonary vessels and the presence of Kerley lines or pleural effusion) were also positively related to increases in PCW, but added little to the information provided by the PFR/PVH criteria. PMID- 6609568 TI - Computed tomography in the evaluation of thyroid disease. AB - Traditionally, thyroid imaging has been performed primarily using radionuclide scanning. High-resolution computed tomography (CT) was performed in 18 patients to evaluate the CT appearance of various thyroid abnormalities including diffuse toxic goiter, multinodular goiter, Hashimoto thyroiditis, thyroid adenoma, and malignant thyroid tumors. CT images of the thyroid were correlated with radionuclide scanning, surgical findings, and clinical and laboratory results. CT provided a complementary method for evaluation of the thyroid by defining the morphology of the thyroid gland and more precisely defining the anatomic extent of thyroid abnormalities in relation to the normal structures of the neck and mediastinum. PMID- 6609569 TI - Dimensions of the normal human trachea. AB - The coronal and sagittal diameters of the tracheal air column were measured on posteroanterior and lateral chest radiographs of 808 patients with no clinical or radiographic evidence of respiratory disease. The 430 male and 378 female subjects were 10-79 years of age. Assuming a normative range that encompasses three standard deviations from the mean or 99.7% of the normal population, the upper limits of normal for coronal and sagittal diameters, respectively, in men aged 20-79, are 25 mm and 27 mm; in women, they are 21 mm and 23 mm, respectively. The lower limit of normal for both dimensions is 13 mm in men and 10 mm in women. Deviation from these figures reflects pathologic widening or narrowing of the tracheal air column. No statistically significant correlation was found between tracheal caliber and body weight or body height. PMID- 6609570 TI - Posterior wall of the bronchus intermedius: radiographic-CT correlation. AB - The posterior wall of the bronchus intermedius (PWBI) is visible on lateral chest radiographs and computed tomographic (CT) scans and can become abnormally thickened in the presence of right hilar disease. The appearances of the PWBI on plain radiographs and CT were correlated in groups of 20 normal patients and 20 patients with a right hilar abnormality. Among 10 patients with an abnormal hilum who had thickening of the PWBI on CT, the lateral radiograph showed thickening of similar degrees in seven. However, in two of the 10, the lateral chest radiograph significantly underestimated the degree of thickening of the PWBI, and in one the PWBI was not visible. Among 10 patients with an abnormal right hilum who had no thickening of the PWBI on CT, the PWBI appeared to be abnormal on lateral chest radiographs in four because of adenopathy in the lateral or medial hilum. One other finding of note was the presence in one patient of an anomalous pulmonary vein passing posterior to the bronchus intermedius, simulating a small posterior hilar mass. PMID- 6609571 TI - Paracardiac pseudotumor: a kymographic artifact of computed radiography. PMID- 6609572 TI - Demonstration of pulmonary embolism by magnetic resonance imaging. PMID- 6609573 TI - Pharyngonasal reflux: spectrum and significance in early childhood. AB - The radiographic and clinical findings of 57 infants and children demonstrating pharyngonasal reflux during barium swallow were reviewed. Pharyngonasal reflux is most frequent in the first 3 months of life and may occur in children with apneic episodes. Clinical symptoms in this group of children generally clear, even when reflux is severe. Pharyngonasal reflux may be associated with prematurity, neuromuscular disease, velopharyngeal incoordination, and other conditions but is usually of no consequence in very young infants. PMID- 6609574 TI - Cricopharyngeal muscle hypertrophy: radiologic-anatomic correlation. AB - There is a divergence of opinion concerning the cricopharyngeal muscle defect commonly seen in the pharyngoesophageal area on barium esophagram. Some observers believe this defect is the result of neuromuscular dysfunction with the demonstration of the unrelaxed muscle bundle; however, others believe it is the result of actual hypertrophy of the cricopharyngeal muscle. Radiologic and pathologic study of 24 unselected autopsy cases revealed cricopharyngeal hypertrophy in 13 cases by radiologic criteria. Histologic examination revealed that the cricopharyngeal muscle thickness was uniformly greater in these cases than in the radiographically normal cases. The cricopharyngeal muscle defect is associated with actual hypertrophy of the cricopharyngeal muscle in many cases. PMID- 6609575 TI - Radiologic diagnosis of occult incisional hernias of the small intestine. PMID- 6609576 TI - Radiographic spectrum of rectocolonic calcification from schistosomiasis. AB - Rectocolonic calcification was detected radiographically in 17 sites in 14 patients undergoing excretory urography for the assessment of urinary schistosomiasis. The right colon was involved in 11 sites, the rectum in four, and the left colon in two. The pattern of calcification varied according to the degree of bowel distension. A laminar pattern was common to all sites and occurred when the rectum or colon was distended with air, feces, or barium. A laminar or irregular amorphous density was found in the empty colon, whereas the calcified, empty rectum had a corrugated pattern. Rectocolonic calcification is probably the most common radiographic manifestation of schistosomal infestation of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 6609578 TI - Magnification in cholangiography. AB - The degree of magnification in radiographic imaging of the bile duct has not been sufficiently emphasized. Differences in magnification account for much of the considerable discrepancy among various radiographic and nonradiographic measurements of size. In measuring a series of 22 freshly extracted common bile duct stones, an average magnification factor of 1.43 (43%) was found on fluoroscopic spot films; this compares with the 1.3 (30%) magnification generally accepted as being present in conventional intravenous cholangiography using the overhead-tube technique. The large magnification factor must be remembered in interpreting fluoroscopic images of the bile duct. Most published dimensions are meaningless unless accompanied by a statement of technique and magnification factor. PMID- 6609577 TI - Computed tomography of the liver: evaluating focal defects on radionuclide liver spleen scans. AB - A retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the role of computed tomography (CT) in increasing the specificity of the abnormal radiocolloid liver-spleen scan. During a 12-month period, 124 patients with focal abnormalities on hepatic scintiscans were identified out of 523 consecutive radionuclide studies. Of these 124 patients, 38 had subsequent CT examination(s) of the liver. Of this group, 11 patients with suspected metastatic disease with focal defects on hepatic scintiscans had normal hepatic CT scans and subsequent negative follow-up for hepatic disease. False-positive radionuclide scan abnormalities, related either to anatomic variation in liver configuration or adjacent extrahepatic structures influencing the radiocolloid scan, are readily recognized and explained on the basis of CT examination. PMID- 6609579 TI - The bare area of the spleen: a constant CT feature of the ascitic abdomen. AB - On computed tomographic (CT) scans of the abdomen in patients with ascites, there is one consistently recognizable area of the spleen that is not surrounded by fluid. This area, designated the bare area of the spleen, is related anatomically to the upper anterior part of the left kidney, specifically the Gerota fascia. Awareness of this relation enables differentiation of intraperitoneal fluid from pleural fluid on cross-sectional CT images. PMID- 6609580 TI - Sonography after splenic embolization: the wedge-shaped acute infarct. AB - After undergoing therapeutic transcatheter embolization of the splenic artery for treatment of portal hypertension, 11 consecutive patients were evaluated with sulfur colloid scintigraphy and real-time sonography of the left upper quadrant to determine which method was better for follow-up evaluation of the spleen. Six splenic infarcts were documented by both imaging methods; sonography, however, demonstrated the characteristic wedge shape of the infarct in four of the six cases. There were no cases of splenic abscess formation. Sonography should be the primary method for evaluation of the spleen after transcatheter embolization and can help in planning treatment to avoid abscess formation. PMID- 6609581 TI - The "composite image": a photographic error in computed tomography with a multiformat camera. PMID- 6609582 TI - CT of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: radiologic-pathologic correlation. AB - A clinical-radiologic-pathologic correlation study was performed in 18 (17 female) patients with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) with CT scans available for analysis. Presenting signs and symptoms included pain (66%), urinary frequency (66%), dysuria (66%), nocturia (66%), palpable mass (56%), leukocytosis (50%), and fever (50%). The duration of symptoms was usually relatively short (less than 6 months), considering the extent of the pathologic process. In 14 patients, the disease was diffuse; the kidney was enlarged with preservation of the reniform outline in 13. The renal pelvis, lined with sheets of lipid-laden macrophages and surrounded by a marked fibrotic reaction, was contracted in 11 and contained pelvic calculi in 12. The parenchyma was replaced by multiple, rounded, low-density areas on CT that corresponded to dilated calices and/or inflammatory tissue. These areas had enhancing rims (10 cases) that corresponded to preserved, compressed normal parenchyma and/or inflammatory tissue. There was CT identification of unsuspected extension through the renal capsule with involvement of the perirenal space in 11 patients, the pararenal spaces in 13, and the psoas muscle in six. The pararenal space and the psoas muscle were often extensively involved with minimal perirenal disease in six patients, a reflection of chronic indolent infection. There were four cases of focal XGP that appeared on CT as low-density mass lesions with wall enhancement surrounding dilated, stone-filled calices or as focal masses occupying one pole of a duplication. Extensive pararenal disease was present in two of the four cases of focal XGP. The preoperative diagnosis of XGP was suspected in only 44% of cases. It is concluded that CT should play a role in diagnosis and preoperative planning to demonstrate the extent of extrarenal disease that is poorly depicted by other means. PMID- 6609583 TI - Atypical renal and pararenal hamartomas associated with lymphangiomyomatosis. PMID- 6609584 TI - Estimating fetal weights less than 2000 g: an accurate and simple method. AB - An accurate estimated fetal weight in the low-birth-weight infant can provide valuable information for the obstetrician faced with a decision concerning mode and time of delivery. Four existing equations for calculating fetal weight were analyzed and compared with data consisting entirely of infants with birth weights of 500-2000 g. A new formula, birth weight-grams = 10.1 (abdominal circumference cm X biparietal diameter-cm) - 481, is proposed as a simple yet accurate alternative. This equation has a standard deviation of 99 g/kg. PMID- 6609585 TI - Early skeletal hyperostoses secondary to 13-cis-retinoic acid. AB - Prolonged therapy with retinoid drugs (chemically similar to vitamin A) often results in skeletal hyperostoses, similar to those seen in idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. Eight patients, aged 5-26 years, with dermatologic disorders were treated with 13-cis-retinoic acid. Skeletal surveys were obtained before and during treatment. In 1 year, six of the eight patients had developed such skeletal hyperostoses in both axial and appendicular regions. The cervical spine was the most common site of involvement. None of the children demonstrated accelerated skeletal maturation. Two of the patients had mild musculoskeletal discomfort during this period. The findings indicate that high-dose 13-cis retinoic acid therapy may cause skeletal hyperostoses, requiring radiographic monitoring during prolonged periods of treatment. An implication of these observations, relating to the etiology of idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, is discussed. PMID- 6609586 TI - Complications of total knee replacement. AB - The records and radiographs of 162 patients with 224 total knee replacements were reviewed for evidence of complications. Early complications included cardiovascular abnormalities, in particular deep vein thrombosis (3%), and limitation of motion requiring manipulation under anesthesia (7%). Late problems included patellofemoral arthritis (11%), heterotopic bone formation (10%), loosening (7%), deformity (4%), fracture (3%), and infection (2%). Patellofemoral pain and arthritis is the most common and often the most disabling complication. PMID- 6609587 TI - Axillary arthrotomography of the glenoid labrum. AB - In a study of 67 shoulders evaluated by axillary arthrotomography, tears of the glenoid labrum were accurately detected in all 26 surgically confirmed cases. One false-positive case was identified in the five patients without labral tears; there were no false-negative cases. Only 40% of the patients had clinical evidence of subluxation or dislocation. Axillary arthrotomography provides important information about the integrity of the labrum that may be helpful in planning surgery for patients with anatomic instability. Its greatest utility seems to be in those patients without clinical subluxation or dislocation but with pain, clicking, or vague shoulder discomfort secondary to labral pathology (functional instability). In these patients, the arthrotomogram forms the basis for surgical intervention. PMID- 6609588 TI - Normal mediastinal lymph node size and number: CT and anatomic study. AB - Normal lymph nodes were studied retrospectively by computed tomography (CT) in 39 patients and by dissection at autopsy in 12 cadavers. The mediastinum was divided arbitrarily into four zones relating to the left innominate vein (zone 1), pretracheal space (zone 2), precarinal/subcarinal compartment (zone 3), and aorticopulmonary window (zone 4). Of 225 lymph nodes from all zones in the CT study, 99% measured less than 16 mm in largest diameter. The average lymph node size in the four zones in the cadavers was 12.6 X 8.3 mm (length X width). Using contiguous 10-mm CT scans, lymph nodes were detected in 65%-95% of patients, depending on the zone studied. The mean number of lymph nodes on a representative section was 1.1 (range, 0-6); 72.4% of CT patients showed one to three lymph nodes per zone. There was a significant size difference (p less than 0.001) between lymph nodes residing in the superior mediastinum compared with those in the middle mediastinum contiguous to the carina. Thus, only 7% of lymph nodes in zone 1 were larger than 5 mm, whereas 90% and 67% of lymph nodes in zones 3 and 4, respectively, were larger, in the 6-10 mm range. PMID- 6609589 TI - The mediastinum in non-small cell lung cancer: CT-surgical correlation. AB - Computed tomography was used to evaluate the mediastinum preoperatively in 60 patients with non-small cell lung cancer; 49 of these patients had thorough surgical-pathologic determination of mediastinal node status. Mediastinal lymph nodes were located by CT using the node-mapping scheme suggested by the American Thoracic Society and were considered abnormal when larger than 100 mm2 in cross sectional area. The sensitivity of CT was 95% in detecting malignant mediastinal adenopathy; however, specificity was only 64%. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the optimal size criterion for diagnosing malignant mediastinal adenopathy is 1.0-1.5 cm when the short axis of a node is measured. CT staging of the mediastinum in patients with non-small cell lung cancer is clinically useful; negative mediastinal CT makes mediastinoscopy unnecessary, whereas positive CT should lead to biopsy of the enlarged node. PMID- 6609590 TI - Oleothorax: expanding pleural lesion. AB - Oleothorax is a method of therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis that was largely abandoned in the 1950s. Its purpose was to cause collapse of the adjacent lung by mechanical means. In the absence of either reactivation of tuberculosis or the development of an empyema, an oleothorax may expand to such an extent as to cause respiratory distress and require removal. The mechanism for this expansion is the stimulation of pleural fluid production by the oil. It is also thought that it may act in a manner similar to a chronic subdural hematoma. This expansion may occur after the oleothorax has been stable for many years, and frequently it is asymptomatic. Four patients were reviewed: one in whom the expansion was so great as to cause respiratory distress, one in whom the enlargement was less rapid and asymptomatic, and two with longstanding oleothoraces in whom the enlargement was more subtle. PMID- 6609591 TI - Aspiration biopsy of peripheral pulmonary masses using real-time sonographic guidance. PMID- 6609592 TI - Computed tomography in the diagnosis of iatrogenic false aneurysms of the ascending aorta. PMID- 6609593 TI - Mediastinal hematoma simulating recurrent hodgkin disease during systemic chemotherapy. PMID- 6609594 TI - Computed tomographic recognition of gastric varices. AB - The computed tomographic (CT) findings in 13 consecutive patients with proven gastric varices were analyzed and correlated with the radiographic, angiographic, and gastroscopic evaluations. In 11 patients, CT clearly identified large (five) or smaller (six) varices located mainly along the posteromedial wall of the gastric fundus and proximal body of the stomach. Well defined rounded or tubular densities that enhanced during intravenous administration of contrast material and could not be distinguished from the gastric wall were identified. Dense, enhancing, round or tubular, intraluminal filling defects were seen in the cases where the stomach was distended with water. In two patients, the CT diagnosis of gastric varices could not be confidently made. All patients had associated intraabdominal collateral circulation, situated medial to the stomach within the lesser omentum, along the distribution of the coronary venous system. In seven patients, the CT examination correctly diagnosed the pathogenesis of gastric varices by identifying hepatic cirrhosis, calcific pancreatitis, and carcinoma of the pancreas. PMID- 6609595 TI - Lymphadenopathy in celiac disease: computed tomographic observations. AB - Lymphadenopathy in patients with celiac disease is generally viewed with alarm due to the association between celiac disease and intestinal lymphoma. Four patients with celiac disease are described in whom significant mesenteric and paraaortic adenopathy was demonstrated by computed tomography (CT). The subsequent clinical course of these patients revealed no evidence of lymphoma. In two patients with longstanding celiac disease and recent relapse, exploratory laparotomy revealed reactive hyperplasia in the enlarged glands; in one patient this was associated with intestinal ulceration, and in the other no underlying pathology was found. Follow-up CT scans in both these patients demonstrated regression of the findings with clinical improvement. In the other two patients, CT was performed as part of the initial evaluation. Follow-up CT in one of these patients revealed almost complete regression of the adenopathy after institution of a gluten-free diet. The other, with a 2 year duration of CT-documented abdominal adenopathy prior to diagnosis, became asymptomatic with weight gain for over 1 year after institution of a gluten-free diet. PMID- 6609596 TI - Small-bowel enema in the diagnosis of adhesive obstructions. AB - The small-bowel enema was evaluated in 60 patients in whom a final diagnosis of adhesive obstruction was made by surgery or on the basis of clinical findings. Distinctive radiographic and clinical features were found with single versus multiple bands. While 72% of 32 single-band obstructions were graded as severe, this grading was given to only 34% of 18 obstructions by multiple bands. Extensive adhesions were demonstrated in 10 patients and presented varied radiographic features. The radiographic diagnosis of adhesive obstruction was found to be correct in 36 (87.8%) of 41 patients in whom a surgical diagnosis could subsequently be made. However, an incorrect radiologic diagnosis of obstruction by metastases was made in five patients. They form the basis for a discussion of the differential diagnosis. PMID- 6609597 TI - Desmoid tumors in Gardner syndrome: use of computed tomography. AB - Desmoid tumors are known to be associated with Gardner syndrome and, when located in the mesentery, can contribute to morbidity and mortality. Computed tomography (CT) was used to evaluate six patients with Gardner syndrome who, after colectomy, complained either of abdominal pain or of palpable masses. In five patients, desmoids of the mesentery, abdominal wall, and paraspinous muscles were diagnosed; four of these were later proven surgically. The sixth case, with both CT and subsequent surgery negative for desmoid lesions, is included to illustrate the ability of CT to replace exploratory surgery in certain instances. CT provides a relatively noninvasive means of assessing and following patients with Gardner syndrome after colectomy and delaying or preventing further surgery or, if necessary, providing a surgical "road map" to optimize unavoidable procedures. PMID- 6609598 TI - Comparison of Golytely lavage with standard diet/cathartic preparation for double contrast barium enema. AB - In a two-part study, two groups of 100 outpatients each were randomly assigned a colon preparation. In part 1, a standard 1-day diet/cathartic combination was compared with Golytely. In part 2, diet/cathartics was compared with Golytely plus Dulcolax (bisacodyl). The standard preparation provided good or excellent feces removal in 81 (80%) of 101 subjects. Golytely alone was successful in only 21 (53%) of 40 patients, but Golytely followed by Dulcolax achieved good or excellent feces removal in 31 (82%) of 38. Degraded mucosal coating with Golytely alone, due to excessive fluid retention, was also corrected by the addition of Dulcolax. Golytely alone is not an adequate method of colon cleansing for double contrast barium enema, but Golytely plus Dulcolax is as effective as the standard preparation. PMID- 6609599 TI - Pleuropancreatic fistula: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and computed tomography. AB - The complementary use of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and computed tomography in the diagnosis and management of pleuropancreatic fistulas is described in relation to four cases in which computed tomography revealed the thoracic extension of a pancreatic fistula not demonstrable by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, although the latter indicated an abnormal pancreatic duct. The complementary use of both techniques may be necessary to define the pathologic anatomy so that the appropriate therapy, particularly the surgical approach, can be decided. PMID- 6609600 TI - Focal hepatic infarction with bile lake formation. PMID- 6609601 TI - Radiographic manifestations of spontaneous renal sinus hemorrhage. AB - The radiographic and computed tomographic features of nontraumatic (spontaneous) hemorrhage into the renal sinus in four patients on anticoagulant therapy are described. Spontaneous renal sinus hemorrhage, a benign self-limited process related to anticoagulation, may have a lesser association with occult renal neoplasms than other types of renal bleeding. The diagnostic criterion of uncomplicated bleeding into the renal sinus is extrinsic compression of the pyelocaliceal system that proves to be completely reversible with spontaneous dissolution of clot. Often there is impaired excretion of contrast material with proximal caliectasis. PMID- 6609602 TI - Sonography of systemic lupus nephritis. AB - Renal sonography was compared with commonly obtained laboratory and pathologic data in 31 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Sonography was 95% sensitive in the detection of lupus nephritis, with the major abnormalities being abnormal renal size and cortical echogenicity. Sonography was useful in locating the kidneys for biopsy and in excluding hydronephrosis. However, in the overall evaluation of patients with uncomplicated lupus nephritis, sonography added little information not readily available from laboratory data. PMID- 6609603 TI - Sonography of nongynecologic cystic masses of the pelvis. PMID- 6609604 TI - Lysis of osteoblastic lesions in prostatic cancer: a sign of progression. AB - Osteoblastic metastases from prostatic cancer often increase in density after successful endocrine treatment. Regrowth of malignancy, at the time of relapse, may cause osteolytic changes in previously stable sclerotic lesions. Four illustrative case reports are presented. Fading of sclerotic lesions on radiographs, accompanied by bone destruction, signifies disease progression. PMID- 6609605 TI - Computed tomography of tibial plateau fractures. AB - Open reduction with internal fixation of tibial plateau fractures in performed frequently. Factors that must be considered in planning treatment include the patient's age and physical condition, the presence and degree of plateau depression, the presence and degree of separation of split fragments, and the severity of fracture comminution. Twenty patients with tibial plateau fractures were studied by conventional tomography and computed tomography (CT) in order to determine the role and feasibility of CT in management of such patients. CT resulted in less discomfort to the patient and provided optimal visualization of the plateau defect and the split fragments. It proved more accurate than conventional tomography in assessing depressed and split fractures when they involved the anterior or posterior border of the plateau and in demonstrating the extent of fracture comminution. Split fragments with an oblique plane of fracture also were seen better by CT. The degree of fracture depression and separation as measured by the computerized technique was often more accurate than measurements obtained from conventional tomograms. In three patients, treatment was changed on the basis of the CT findings. In three other cases, the classification was altered without a change in treatment. PMID- 6609606 TI - Digital arthrography of the wrist: a radiographic-pathologic investigation. AB - An analysis of digital arthrography of the wrist was accomplished in 10 cadaveric specimens. In each case, images were obtained during a 30-sec period in which a small amount of contrast material was introduced into the radiocarpal compartment; films were reviewed with and without subtraction technique. Pathologic examination of the sectioned specimens documented the accuracy of this arthrographic method. The sequence of contrast opacification of the various compartments of the wrist and the location and size of the defects within ligamentous and cartilaginous structures were ideally seen with digital arthrography. A previously unemphasized pattern of communication, that between the midcarpal and pisiform-triquetral compartments, was seen in two instances. Digital wrist arthrography seems to represent an excellent method to evaluate the patient with suspected soft-tissue injury. PMID- 6609607 TI - The Hawkins needle-guide system for percutaneous catheterization: 1. Instrumentation and procedure. AB - In 1979, a new 22 gauge "skinny"-needle cannula system was introduced for combined percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and drainage procedures. This small-bore system safely permits multiple passes when searching for small targets. Once the area of interest is entered, drainage can be accomplished with the same needle insertion by advancing either a 5 French straight Teflon or 6.5 French Teflon retention catheter over the stiff 22 gauge cannula. The distal tip of a catheter is looped using a continuous strand of monofilament, which helps to prevent catheter dislodgment. For 103 cholangiograms attempted, the overall success rate was 97%, including 95% in nondilated intrahepatic biliary tracts, with no major complications. PMID- 6609608 TI - The Hawkins needle-guide system for percutaneous catheterization: 2. Clinical experience in biliary tract and abscess drainage. AB - In 1979, a new, 22 gauge needle guide was introduced for combined percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and biliary drainage procedures. In 103 biliary procedures and 29 abscess drainages using this needle guide, there were no major complications. The use of a small-volume (1-2 ml), low-pressure contrast injection followed by 24 hr of external decompression using self-retaining catheters (Cope loop, accordion) has reduced sepsis as a problem in biliary procedures. Small targets (1-2 cm abscess cavities) can be safely searched for with this 22 gauge needle guide. Two multiloculated abscesses were successfully drained by applying the surgical principle of ingress-egress irrigation catheters for infected cavities. PMID- 6609609 TI - Improved technique for CT-guided celiac ganglia block. AB - Celiac nerve blocks have been performed without radiologic guidance, but recently several groups have reported computed tomography (CT)-guided techniques. The authors present a new technique of CT-guided celiac nerve block using an 18 gauge Teflon catheter, which permits a test block dose and permanent alcohol block with one procedure. The results of this new technique were very encouraging. Of nine cancer patients who had the test block, seven had good pain relief; these same patients had good pain control with the permanent block. Of six patients with pancreatitis, six had good pain relief from the test block, and three had some long-term relief from the permanent block. PMID- 6609610 TI - Transhepatic collateral pathway due to vena caval obstruction. PMID- 6609611 TI - A modified technique for infusion of low-dose streptokinase into the lower extremities. PMID- 6609612 TI - Embolization of visceral arteriovenous fistulas with a modified steel wire technique. PMID- 6609613 TI - Data-base management system on a CT scanner computer: application to teaching file and procedure records. AB - A prototype relational data-base management system was installed on computed tomographic (CT) scanner computers at two hospitals. This was used to create computerized indices for a teaching file and a record of CT procedures. Several problems commonly encountered when maintaining and using a radiologic teaching file were solved. Interesting cases were easily retrieved for teaching, conferences, or publication because the system permits rapid search on the basis of patient name, identification number, date, diagnosis, special description, or a combination of these data. The procedure record index contains these data as well as administrative and technical data on all CT examinations. These data are entered into the data base semiautomatically. The result is an extensive set of records that is easily accessible and requires a minimum of manpower to maintain. PMID- 6609614 TI - Film salvage using digital processing. PMID- 6609615 TI - Parathyroid cyst: diagnosis by sonography and needle aspiration. PMID- 6609616 TI - CT measurements of cranial growth: normal subjects. AB - Growth patterns of the cranium measured directly as head circumference have been well documented. With the availability of computed tomography (CT), cranial dimensions can be obtained easily. The objective of this project was to establish the mean values and their normal variance of CT cranial area of subjects at different ages. Cranial areas and its long and short axes were measured on CT scans for 215 neurologic patients of a wide age range who presented no evidence of abnormal growth of head size. Growth patterns of the cranial area as well as the numeric product of its linear dimensions were determined via a curve fitting process. The patterns resemble that of the head circumference growth chart, with the most rapid growth observed in the first 12 months of age and reaching full size during adolescence. It is believed that the availability of such reference, in addition to the head circumference measurement, will be valuable to the CT reviewer in determining the growth status of head size. PMID- 6609617 TI - CT measurements of cranial growth: microcephaly. AB - Computed tomographic (CT) head scans were measured to determine the cranial dimensions of four children with microcephaly. These measurements were compared with cranial dimensions of normal children. CT proved to be useful in determining the developmental status of children with neurologic problems relative to their normal counterparts on the basis of cranial dimensions. PMID- 6609618 TI - "Pneumoscalp" after pneumomediastinum in a neonate. PMID- 6609619 TI - Significance of intraarticular fluid without visible fracture in children. AB - The radiographs and clinical records of 128 patients with joint trauma and radiographic evidence of intraarticular fluid but no visible fracture were reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups: 63 with follow-up films and 65 with no follow-up films. Clinically, the latter group had less serious injuries and generally were instructed not to return unless symptoms worsened abruptly or if pain persisted for longer than 1 week. The group with follow-up films consisted of those patients with more serious injuries, and mandatory repeat radiographs were obtained 10-14 days after initial injury. Findings suggest that if a fracture was not seen on the first study, chances of its being present and missed in the ankle and elbow were small (7% and 15%) but were high (67%) in the wrist. PMID- 6609620 TI - Refluxing urethral ectopic ureters: recognition by the cyclic voiding cystourethrogram. AB - Reflux into an ectopic ureter that opens into a girl's urethra has been difficult to demonstrate and has been thought to occur in only about a third of the patients with this anomaly. In an attempt to more reliably demonstrate this reflux, 12 girls aged 1 day to 6 years, who were suspected of having an ectopic ureter, were studied using a method of cyclic filling and voiding during the cystourethrogram. Reflux into their urethral ectopic ureter was shown in 11 (92%). The technique of cyclic voiding cystourethrography should be used in all girls in whom an ectopic ureter is suspected, either because of signs or symptoms or because of a dilated upper pole of a duplex collecting system seen on an excretory urogram or a sonogram. It should also be used when a conventional voiding cystourethrogram has shown no or only minimal reflux. PMID- 6609621 TI - Congenital stenosis of the male urethra. PMID- 6609622 TI - Diagnostic evaluation of adult polycystic kidney disease in childhood. AB - Since adult polycystic kidney disease, an autosomal-dominant disease, results in renal failure in at least 50% of affected patients, its detection before childbearing age is desirable. To evaluate this capability and the preferred screening technique, 28 members of two generations of an affected kindred were studied. Sonograms, excretory urograms with nephrotomograms, and clinical laboratory evaluation were compared. Five of six studied members of the older generation had cysts demonstrated by both sonograms and excretory urograms with nephrotomograms. Eleven of 22 members of the younger generation were affected, the youngest being 5 years old. In this group, excretory urograms with nephrotomograms were a slightly more sensitive detector, especially in the younger patients. However, sonography provided sufficient sensitivity in the older child, and, because of its noninvasive nature, was the preferred screening technique. The clinical laboratory evaluation was of little diagnostic aid in children with adult-type polycystic disease. PMID- 6609623 TI - CT of benign cystic abdominal masses in children. AB - Computed tomography (CT) correctly portrayed the gross anatomic features of six mesenteric, omental, and ovarian cysts and diagnosed two pancreatic pseudocysts in children. Large, well defined, low-density masses were found, often containing septa and filling most of the abdomen and pelvis. CT displayed the size and extent of the mass and showed extrinsic compression or displacement of surrounding structures. Different pathologic entities may have similar CT appearances, particularly with very large cystic masses. PMID- 6609625 TI - Robotic intervention: why not? PMID- 6609624 TI - The cross-table lateral view in neonatal pneumothorax. AB - The cross-table lateral view of the chest can facilitate a more realistic appreciation of a pneumothorax than the supine frontal projection alone or in combination with the vertical-beam lateral view. This view also permits an optimal evaluation of the relative position of the lung, intrapleural air, and the tip of the chest tube in the supine newborn. The presence and size of a pneumothorax can usually be determined by locating the anterior lung edge on the cross-table lateral view. The anteroinferior corner of lung often aids in locating this anterior lung edge. The other structures that simulate the anterior lung edge on the cross-table lateral view include sternal retraction, rib ends, the axillary soft-tissue density, and posterior atelectasis. Because of the cause effect relation of pneumothorax to intracranial bleeding in the premature infant, more widespread use of this technique to detect pneumothorax is recommended. PMID- 6609626 TI - Inappropriate statistics. PMID- 6609627 TI - Improved use of interlaced ECG-gated radiography in cardiac evaluation. PMID- 6609628 TI - Gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - Exsanguinating hemorrhage often results from a duodenal ulcer penetrating the posterior wall. If the patient's condition does not stabilize after replacement of 25 percent of the blood volume, surgery must be undertaken immediately. For the patient who presents in shock but becomes stable with volume replacement, endoscopy or arteriography may be performed, depending on the presumed site of bleeding. Drainage from the nasogastric tube is the most important indicator of the site of bleeding. PMID- 6609629 TI - Dimensional analysis and dynamic response characterization of mammalian peripheral vestibular structures. AB - Extensive morphometric measurements were made on the vestibular system of the rabbit ( Oryctulagus cuniculus), the gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus), the chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger ), and the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) from serial sections of temporal bones. Additionally, a more limited set of measurements were also completed on the owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus), the Capuchin monkey (Cebus sp.), the harp seal ( Pagophilus groenlandicus Erxleben , 1777), and the two-toed sloth ( Choloepus sp.). The following measurements were made: 1) radius of curvature (R) of each membranous semicircular canal (herein called semicircular duct-see nomenclature in Nomina Anatomica (1968) ), 2) cross sectional diameter of the ducts and the osseous semicircular canals, and 3) some pertinent morphometrics of the cristae ampullares and the utricle. In all species studied 1) the radii of curvature of the three semicircular ducts are dissimilar, with that of the lateral duct being as small as, or smaller than, those of the anterior and posterior ducts; 2) R for the anterior duct is largest in the harp seal and the rabbit; 3) the canal and duct dimensions are largest in the Capuchin and squirrel monkeys, the two-toed sloth, and the harp seal, and smallest in the gerbil; 4) the proportion of otic fluid "space" that is occupied by endolymph shows a ranking of gerbil greater than rabbit greater than two-toed sloth greater than chinchilla = owl monkey greater than squirrel monkey greater than Capuchin monkey greater than harp seal; and 5) the gross ampullary and utricular dimensions are largest in the harp seal and smallest in the gerbil. These measurements were used for determining the time constants describing semicircular canal dynamics in the Steinhausen (1931, 1933) and Oman -Marcus (1980) equations. PMID- 6609630 TI - Nutrient intake and its association with high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in selected US and USSR subpopulations. The US-USSR Steering Committee for Problem Area I: The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. AB - Nutrient intake levels and the associations of the nutrients with high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were studied using cross sectional data from middle-aged US and USSR men seen at visit 2 of the Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Study. Differences in nutrient intake in the two countries were small, but statistically significant. The US sample had a higher mean intake of protein, polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, and a higher P/S ratio. The USSR sample had higher mean intake of saturated fatty acids, carbohydrate, complex carbohydrate, and sucrose. Correlations between the nutrients and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were weak and consistently negative for fatty acids, total fat, carbohydrate and its components, and positive for ethanol. The correlations between nutrient intake and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were even weaker. After adjusting for other factors, nutrient intake had an independent association with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Ethanol and carbohydrate showed the strongest association. Nutrient intake also had a modest independent association with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. PMID- 6609631 TI - Delayed diagnosis in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Need for newborn screening. AB - Medical records of all patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by 21 hydroxylase deficiency who were followed up at the University of Wisconsin Hospitals, Madison, from 1956 to 1979, were reviewed to document the ages at diagnoses. Without newborn screening, the average age at diagnosis for 32 patients was 12.6 months (7.3 months for female infants and children and 22.7 months for male infants and children). In the newborn population, ambiguity was recognized in 15 of 21 female infants and in none of the male infants. Initial appearing symptoms in female infants and children included ambiguous genitalia in 15 of 21, precocious puberty in four, and salt-losing crises in two. In the male infants and children, the reasons for diagnoses were salt-losing crises in seven of 11 and precocious puberty in four. These results indicate that in the absence of newborn screening, diagnosis is frequently delayed. PMID- 6609632 TI - Duodenal duplication presenting as relapsing pancreatitis in an adult. AB - The first case of relapsing acute pancreatitis due to a tubular duodenal duplication is reported. The duplication is believed to have filled with secretions and intermittently impinged on and obstructed the pancreatic ductular system producing a clinical picture of relapsing acute pancreatitis. The increased pressure within the duplication also produced pressure necrosis of the mucosa lining the duplication with resultant hemorrhage and iron-deficiency anaemia. The diagnosis was made preoperatively with the aid of ERCP. PMID- 6609633 TI - Clinical manifestations of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. AB - Sixty-four patients with symptomatic hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia were retrospectively studied in order to determine the true incidence of clinical manifestations in this disease. This select group had a significantly higher incidence of gastrointestinal hemorrhage and pulmonary arteriovenous fistula formation than has been previously reported. Data are presented regarding the course and severity of nasal and gastrointestinal hemorrhage, the use of endoscopy for diagnosis, the incidence of associated neurological, cardiac, and hepatic disease, and mortality. PMID- 6609634 TI - Portal hypertension complicating sarcoid liver disease: case report and review of the literature. AB - A rare case of severe liver disease in a patient with systemic sarcoidosis is reported. The liver pathology progressed from sarcoid granulomas early in the course to chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis with complicating portal hypertension and bleeding esophageal varices. The literature on portal hypertension due to hepatic sarcoidosis is reviewed and the role of coexisting disease, portasystemic shunts, and steroid therapy is discussed. PMID- 6609635 TI - Variceal sclerosing agents. PMID- 6609636 TI - Bone mineral measurements among middle-aged and elderly Japanese residents in Hawaii. AB - Cross-sectional data of bone mineral content measured at five skeletal sites (distal radius and ulna, proximal radius and ulna, and os calcis) with single photon absorptiometry were obtained from a population of Japanese-Americans living in Hawaii, comprising 1368 men (aged 61-81 years) and 1098 women (aged 43 80 years). Age-specific mean values of bone mineral content for all skeletal sites were much greater for men than for women and decreased steadily with advancing age in both sexes. The decrease in bone mineral content with age across a 15-year age range was two to four times (depending on skeletal site) greater for women than for men. In multiple regression analyses, age, weight, and postmenopausal estrogen use were potent determinants of bone mineral content for all skeletal sites. Weight was more strongly related to bone mineral content of the os calcis than age in both sexes. Height was significantly related only to the forearm bones. Strenuous exercise was significantly related to bone mineral content of the os calcis and the distal ulna only in men. When compared with US Caucasians of comparable sex and age, the Japanese in Hawaii have lower bone mineral content of the radius. This may partly be explained by the difference in body size. Significant correlations were found between bone mineral content of appendicular bones and radiographically determined vertebral osteoporosis. PMID- 6609637 TI - The familial aggregation of rheumatoid arthritis and its relationship to the HLA DR4 association. AB - This investigation of the familial aggregation of rheumatoid arthritis in Rochester, Minnesota, was prompted by the considerable variability in previous reports and the need to interpret findings in light of the recently established human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-DR4 association. The historical cohort methodology was applied to determine the incidence of adult-onset rheumatoid arthritis in 1631 biologic relatives of 78 probands compared with the Rochester population incidence. The ratio of the age- and sex-adjusted rates in first-degree relatives compared with the general population was 1.7 (95% confidence interval 1.0-2.9). The increase was concentrated in the 16- to 40-year-old age group, suggesting some disease heterogeneity. However, the level of familial risk was not significantly affected by the proband's sex, seropositivity, age, or parental disease status. Integrating these findings with prior research in which case ascertainment was complete led to the conclusion that familial aggregation of rheumatoid arthritis is weak. The apparent discrepancy between weak familial aggregation and the known strong HLA-DR4 association with rheumatoid arthritis was resolved by examining the mathematical relationship between the measures of association in the two different types of studies. Results show that to be consistent with weak familial clustering, any putative susceptibility gene must have very low penetrance, and/or there must be a large residual of sporadic cases. PMID- 6609638 TI - Lung function among asbestos cement factory workers: cross-sectional and longitudinal study. AB - Ventilatory capacity tests and standardized respiratory questionnaires were used in 1973 and in 1980 to measure the effect of mixed dust exposure in the asbestos cement industry on respiratory symptoms and lung function in 65 exposed workers and 30 controls (exposed to polyvinyl chloride but not to asbestos). Workers exposed to asbestos had 1) a higher prevalence of breathlessness and chest pain, and a higher incidence of breathlessness; 2) lower 1980 values of forced vital capacity (FVC) (0.27-0.83 liters) and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) (0.23-0.62 liters); and 3) a faster decline (nearly 40 ml/year) in FVC and FEV1 between 1973 and 1980. The FVC annual decrease was 52.5 ml in the subjects with more than 15 years since first asbestos exposure, whereas it was 24.3 ml in those with less than 15 years, suggesting a faster decline after 15 years of exposure. The effect of asbestos exposure and smoking habits was less than additive as regards pulmonary function. PMID- 6609639 TI - Decreased lung function in long-term asbestos cement workers: a cross-sectional study. AB - The effect on lung function of exposure in an asbestos cement plant was investigated in male workers, employed more than 10 years. The exposed group was selected to exclude subjects with pneumoconioses and ex-smokers and consisted of 77 smokers and 48 never-smokers. Referents were chosen from plants where asbestos had not been in use and restricted to those without X-ray signs of chest disease. The primary type of asbestos used was chrysotile and the general dust level in the two decades 1950-1970 seems to have been around 10 mg/m3 while the asbestos fiber concentration averaged 2 fibers/ml. The mean differences between exposed and referents were statistically significant for forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume, -0.25 and -0.30 liters, respectively, after adjustment for age, height, tracheal area, and smoking category. No significant differences were detected between those with and without pleural plaques. Smokers and never smokers were similarly affected. In conclusion, the group exposed to dust with comparatively low asbestos fiber concentration had a minor impairment of lung function, mainly due to obstructive changes. PMID- 6609640 TI - Cholestatic hepatitis from erythromycin ethylsuccinate. Report of two cases. AB - Cholestatic hepatitis developed in two patients while they were receiving erythromycin ethylsuccinate. Both patients had received the drug without apparent problem within two months of the episode of drug-related cholestatic injury. In both, there was complete resolution of the hepatic injury upon withdrawal of the drug. Erythromycin ethylsuccinate should be added to the list of drugs causing cholestatic hepatitis. PMID- 6609641 TI - T-lymphocyte subpopulations in systemic lupus erythematosus in pregnancy. PMID- 6609642 TI - Ophthalmic hazards. PMID- 6609643 TI - Familial band-shaped spheroid degeneration of the cornea. PMID- 6609644 TI - Labyrinthine membrane rupture caused by elevated intratympanic pressure during general anesthesia. AB - General anesthesia is not considered as a potential cause of hearing loss. However, three patients who sustained sensorineural hearing loss due to labyrinthine membrane rupture following general anesthesia with nitrous oxide have come to the authors' attention. These cases are presented and the mechanism causing labyrinthine membrane rupture is discussed. PMID- 6609645 TI - Invariant relation between total acid secretion and secretagogue exposure: secretory dynamics in bullfrog. AB - Using a continuous recording of acid secretion in frog gastric mucosa by pH-stat interfaced with a microcomputer, the pattern of secretion rate was studied under variable concentrations and durations of stimulation by histamine and forskolin. This tissue can respond with only a limited range of secretory rates. Larger concentrations and/or longer durations of stimulation may result in a secretion rate pattern prolonged far beyond the duration of stimulation. Although for the concentration-response curve the steady-state or peak acid secretion varies with the duration of stimulation, total acid secreted as a function of exposure to stimulator (time integral of the stimulatory pattern) is independent of the stimulatory pattern. PMID- 6609647 TI - Voltage clamping induces resistance and current-voltage plot changes in frog gastric mucosa. AB - Changing the potential across the isolated frog gastric mucosa by voltage clamping changes the measured resistance of the tissue in two ways. An immediate change in resistance results from changing the measuring position on the nonlinear current-voltage (I-V) plot. Subsequent to this, the resistance changes slowly with a half-time of about 3 min, a change that is not predicted by a previous model for voltage transients and that implies slow changes in membrane resistance following changes in intracellular ion content. The I-V plot over the range examined shows three breakpoints; changing clamp voltage alters the position of two of these breakpoints as well as the slope of the connecting resistances. The central breakpoint agrees with the potential at zero current and varies with it as the clamp potential is changed, as predicted from a diode model for breakpoint generation. PMID- 6609646 TI - Isolation of stable pancreatic zymogen granules. AB - Isolated pancreatic zymogen granules have been reported to lyse in common electrolyte solutions such as NaCl or KCl or at pH values above 5.5. A new method, based on an isosmotic Percoll density gradient, was developed for the isolation of zymogen granules and applied to rat pancreas. The granules are highly purified as judged by electron microscopic appearance and specific amylase activity. These granules exhibit a high degree of stability at physiological pH and in isotonic NaCl or KCl. Zymogen granule diameters, determined with a Coulter Counter, were 1.0 +/- 0.2 micron in either isotonic NaCl and KCl. These size values, obtained in physiological solutions, are comparable with granule sizes determined in intact cells by microscopy. Amylase activity averaged 0.66 microU per granule and protein content averaged 0.31 pg per granule; these values were not significantly influenced by different conditions of pH between 5.5 and 7.0 and ionic strength from near 0 to 0.15. The granule density estimated from the protein content was 1.13 g/ml, which agrees well with the behavior of granules in a density gradient. The properties of zymogen granules from the new preparation rectify the apparent discrepancy between their role as a storage organelle and their previously reported in vitro instability. PMID- 6609648 TI - Improved mitochondrial function following ischemia and reflow by ATP-MgCl2. AB - To determine whether infused ATP-MgCl2 affects mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) activity, free fatty acids (FFAs), and Ca2+ levels, total hepatic ischemia in rats was produced for 90 min after which blood flow was allowed to return to the liver. Immediately on reflow, the animals received intravenously 0.5 ml of either saline, ATP-MgCl2 (12.5 mumol), or dopamine (6 mg/kg). Three hours after ischemia and reflow, hepatic mitochondrial FFAs and Ca2+ levels increased; however, ATP-MgCl2 infusion significantly lowered FFAs and restored Ca2+ levels. The depressed mitochondrial ANT activity was somewhat improved but not restored by circulatory support with dopamine; however, ATP MgCl2 infusion following ischemia restored that activity. Thus the present results suggest that the improved organ function that occurs with ATP-MgCl2 infusion following ischemia may be mediated through an improvement in ischemia induced mitochondrial function. PMID- 6609649 TI - [Immunological indices of women with infertility of unclear origin]. PMID- 6609650 TI - Purification of human factor VII utilizing O-(diethylaminoethyl)-Sephadex and Sulfopropyl-Sephadex chromatography. AB - A simple procedure for the large scale purification of unactivated human factor VII is described. The initial steps, common to prior purification methods, include adsorption onto barium citrate, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and DEAE Sephadex chromatography. Factor VII is isolated in pure unactivated form by one additional step, Sulfopropyl-Sephadex chromatography. Ten liters of plasma yields 1.3 mg of protein representing approximately 30% recovery. PMID- 6609651 TI - Risk factors associated with longitudinal change in pulmonary function. AB - In a longitudinal study of pulmonary function, we investigated the relationship between loss of forced expiration over time and a series of potential risk factors, as well as 4 other measures of pulmonary function at initial visit. Data on 1,912 adults tested twice, with an average of 4.7 yr between visits, were used. Of the potential risk factors examined, only age and smoking were consistently associated with increased loss of forced expiratory function in both men and women. Statistically significant differences among ABO blood types and among Pi types were also seen in women, although the direction of these differences was unexpected in that non-Z Pi variant phenotypes showed less decline in pulmonary function than did the most common Pi M phenotypes. Similar patterns of differences were seen in men, although these were not statistically significant. Of 4 initial-visit pulmonary function measures examined, only closing capacity at initial visit was consistently associated with subsequent loss of forced expiratory volume in one second (delta FEV1) in both men and women. The final predictive model for delta FEV1 accounted for a modest proportion of the total variation seen in this sample, however, limiting its potential use for predicting decline in pulmonary function over a 5-yr span in individual subjects. PMID- 6609652 TI - Proteinase inhibitory function in inflammatory lung disease. I. Acute bacterial pneumonia. AB - This study examines the bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL) samples from a group of patients with acute bacterial pneumonia (n = 13) and makes a comparison with a control group (n = 5). The proteinase inhibitory capacity was examined and found to be composed primarily of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (PI, alpha 1 antitrypsin) and, to a lesser extent, bronchial mucosal inhibitor. Although the average PI concentration was elevated approximately 5-fold in the pneumonia group, its inhibitory function against elastase was decreased 15-fold when compared with that in the control group. The pneumonia group showed an increased concentration of immunologically identified elastin-derived peptides. Some of the BAL fluid from patients with pneumonia showed elastolytic activity against amorphous insoluble lung elastin. The majority of the elastase appears to be of neutrophil origin. Bronchial mucosal inhibitor is shown to be a component of both normal and pneumonia BAL fluids by both immunologic quantitation and by its resistance to perchloric acid inactivation. Compared with those from control subjects, BAL samples from patients with acute bacterial pneumonia showed a decreased proteinase inhibitor function and both increased elastolytic activity and elastin-derived peptide concentration. PMID- 6609653 TI - Heterogeneity of immunologic function among subfractions of normal rat alveolar macrophages. AB - Rat alveolar macrophages were examined for the presence of subpopulations with different capacities for modulation of mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation and production of the monokine, Interleukin-1 (IL-1). Alveolar macrophages lavaged from normal rats were separated into 5 density fractions by centrifugation through a continuous gradient of isosmotic colloidal silica (Percoll). Measurement of cell size and endogenous peroxidase suggested that the cells fractionated by density represented alveolar macrophages at different levels of cell maturation. Alveolar macrophages from each of the density fractions were cultured with whole lymph node cells and the mitogens, concanavalin-A and phytohemagglutinin. Functional heterogeneity was demonstrated among the fractionated cells with respect to suppression of lymphocyte mitogenesis. Alveolar macrophages from intermediate density fractions suppressed mitogenesis in a dose-dependent manner, whereas alveolar macrophages from both the lowest and the highest density fractions had minimal effect on lymphocyte proliferation. When adherence-depleted lymph node cells were used in the mitogenesis assay, rat alveolar macrophages functioned poorly in support of lymphocyte proliferation, and no uniquely supportive alveolar macrophage subfractions were identified. Functional heterogeneity was also demonstrated for production of IL-1. Maximal IL-1 production was associated with the most dense alveolar macrophages, with progressively less IL-1 produced by lower density alveolar macrophage subfractions. The results confirm functional subpopulations of rat alveolar macrophages with respect to the suppression of lymphocyte mitogenesis and the production of Interleukin-1. Such functional subpopulations of alveolar macrophages may reflect the presence of cells at varying levels of cell maturation. PMID- 6609654 TI - Carotid and coronary arterial disease. A rational approach. AB - One hundred thirty-four patients referred for myocardial revascularization had oculoplethysmography/carotid phonoangiography (OPG/CPA) evaluations as a screening test for possible carotid arterial disease. On the basis of preoperative neurologic symptoms or hemodynamically positive OPG/CPA studies, 52 patients had carotid arteriography. Forty-six patients with coexistent carotid and coronary arterial occlusive disease were identified. Twenty-nine had a previous history of central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction, while ten patients (20%) were asymptomatic. Twenty-two patients had "staged" coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG) and carotid endarterectomy (CE) procedures, while 24 had simultaneous CABG/CE. Of the staged patients, one fatal myocardial infarction occurred after CE but prior to CABG; two patients experienced neurologic deficits after CABG yet prior to CE. Twenty-four patients had simultaneous CE/CABG, and no cardiac or neurologic complications occurred. All patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery should have preoperative noninvasive carotid screening studies performed. If OPG/CPA studies indicate a hemodynamically significant lesion, arteriography is indicated. When OPG/CPA studies are negative, yet a history consistent with previous CNS dysfunction is present, a digital intravenous arteriogram is performed. In the presence of coexistence severe coronary and extracranial carotid stenotic or ulcerative plaque disease, simultaneous CE/CABG is advocated. PMID- 6609655 TI - Variceal hemorrhage in the veteran population. To shunt or not to shunt? AB - Portasystemic decompression remains the most definitive procedure in the control of portal hypertension (PHT) and bleeding gastroesophageal varices (BGEV). However, controversy prevails regarding shunt timing, type, and even propriety, especially in alcoholics. Analysis of a recent portal hypertension questionnaire submitted to 75 university-affiliated Veterans Administration Medical Centers (VAMC) reflected optimism regarding portasystemic shunts for the management of bleeding varices; disappointingly, however, on the average, only 20 to 25 per cent of variceal bleeders underwent definitive surgical management of any type. Ending in January 1980, a 14-year experience at the Atlanta VAMC with 72 portasystemic shunts was reviewed and demonstrates that shunt procedures may be extended to the veteran, predominantly alcoholic, population. Criteria for successful patient selection and operation are presented. While elective variceal decompression, preferably by the distal splenorenal shunt operation, may be performed with minimal morbidity and mortality, more efficient control of alcoholism is essential to prevent late deaths from hepatic failure. PMID- 6609656 TI - Gastrointestinal blood loss and anemia in runners. AB - Iron deficiency, with or without anemia, occurs commonly in long-distance runners, but the cause is unknown. The recent development of a simple quantitative assay for fecal hemoglobin, HemoQuant , allowed us to study whether gastrointestinal bleeding occurs in runners. Blood and stool samples were collected from 24 runners before and after a race of 10 to 42.2 km and from age- and sex-matched, nonrunning controls. The mean blood hemoglobin level and hematocrit were significantly lower in runners than in controls. Serum ferritin levels were below normal in 4 runners but in no controls. Fecal hemoglobin levels increased in 20 of 24 runners (p less than 0.01) after a race. Mean fecal hemoglobin level was 1.08 mg/g (range, 0.11 to 2.36) in controls and 0.99 mg/g (0.18 to 2.41) in runners before a race, but peaked at 3.96 mg/g (0.37 to 43.20) after a race. Competitive long-distance running induces gastrointestinal blood loss and may contribute to iron deficiency. PMID- 6609657 TI - Occult gastrointestinal blood loss in marathon runners. PMID- 6609658 TI - Scleroderma esophagus: a nonspecific entity. PMID- 6609660 TI - External quality control and standardization in labeled immunoassay. PMID- 6609659 TI - [Beta-lactamases of ampicillin-resistant Salmonella]. AB - One hundred and five strains of Salmonella, including 103 clinical isolates, were examined for resistance to beta-lactams (ampicillin, carbenicillin). The resistance frequency was 5.9 and 40.6%, respectively, according to the geographical source: France or Senegal. The mechanism of resistance to beta lactam antibiotics was always related to the biosynthesis of one constitutive beta-lactamase (beta la+). By analytical isoelectric focusing on gel of all crude sonic extracts, four types of enzymes were identified: TEM-1, TEM-2, OXA-1 and SHV -1. TEM-1, the most prevalent, was observed among 17 serotypes, TEM-2 among 3 including S. poona , and OXA-1 among 2 serotypes. SHV -1 was detected in all isolates of S. ordonez (38) but only among strains of this serotype. Among others factors involved in their distribution, differences were reported according to the geographical origin of the studied strains. In France, the three types, TEM 1, TEM-2 and OXA-1, were isolated only in the north. Moreover, the resistance frequency was 4-fold higher (7.3%) than in the south (1.8%). In Africa (Senegal), three types were individualized: TEM-1, TEM-2 and SHV -1. The SHV -1 type was only detected in clinical isolates of S. ordonez from Senegal, all of which were multi-resistant to other antibiotics (chloramphenicol, sulfonamides and tetracyclines). PMID- 6609661 TI - Amino acid sequences of mouse complement C3 derived from nucleotide sequences of cloned cDNA. PMID- 6609662 TI - Visual evoked potentials and ibuprofen (Motrin) toxicity. AB - A patient taking ibuprofen (Motrin) for the relief of osteoarthritis developed, after two months, decreased visual acuity and decreased color vision. Initially the Visual Evoked Potentials, showed decreased wave amplitudes, and increased conduction times in both eyes. After stopping the drug, the Visual Evoked Potentials returned to normal one month before the visual acuity improved. We feel that Visual Evoked Potentials are useful for screening patients on ibuprofen, and prognosticating their recovery, when a secondary toxic optic neuritis develops. PMID- 6609663 TI - Bacterial corneal ulcer, endophthalmitis, and embolic phenomena. AB - A 66 year-old-white woman had a central bacterial corneal ulcer and acute endophthalmitis due to Gram-positive cocci and, Haemophilus parainfluenzae. PMID- 6609664 TI - [Cholesteatoma of the petrous bone with major expansion. Apropos of 17 cases]. AB - Cholesteatomas with major extension correspond to lesions invading beyond the classical limits of middle ear affections. Pathogenicity, and clinical and therapeutic aspects of the disorder are discussed in relation to 17 cases where the affection appeared to be secondary to initial otitic lesions. The diagnostic difficulty in patients with open tympanic membranes is the evaluation of the degree of extension of the lesion, while it has to be considered in patients with closed membranes, particularly in the presence of facial paralysis and internal ear deafness. Radiographic examinations, even when of high quality, may fail to detect cholesteatomas with major extension, and these may be a surprising finding on operation. Treatment is uniquely surgical and requires experience in otoneurosurgical techniques. Total excision is essential in order to avoid rare but serious complications of the affection. PMID- 6609665 TI - Use of cyclosporin A in allotransplantation of rat limbs. AB - An experimental model for limb transplantation as a composite tissue transfer has been developed using two genetically well defined strains of rats, BUF and LEW. The study shows that cyclosporin A (CyA) is very effective as an immunosuppressive agent in preventing rejection of transplanted limbs in rats. It is found to suppress rejection of the homotransplants as long as treatment is continuous. No untoward side effects have been noted at the current experimental dosage of the medication. CyA is superior to the conventional agents, such as azathioprine and prednisolone, which allow rejection of the limbs while treatment is in progress. There is a period of immune tolerance following CyA treatment; however, this period becomes shorter as the length of the treatment is increased. This may indicate that CyA treatment should be continuous and not pulsed at the dosage used in this experimental model. Additional experiments are underway to further elucidate this phenomenon. PMID- 6609666 TI - Retrograde valve incision for insitu vein-arterial bypass utilising a valvulotome. AB - The insitu vein bypass has become our preferred technique for infrainguinal limb salvage procedures. This article describes the technique of retrograde valve incision utilising a valvulotome and points out some of the potential complications and problems that can occur when utilising this instrument and stresses ways to avoid technical mishaps. PMID- 6609667 TI - Balloon tamponade in the management of bleeding oesophageal varices. PMID- 6609668 TI - [Lethal osteogenesis imperfecta. Definition and heterogeneity]. AB - The lethal form of osteogenesis imperfecta must be more clearly defined than it is. Early death of the child is not a sufficient criteria since it is observed in other forms compatible with survival. The authors therefore insist on the innumerable fractures of the ribs giving the particular aspect described as "bamboo ribs". These are observed in practically all cases. Heterogeneity however is undoubtful and an X-ray film is reproduced showing thin ribs without fractures in another exceptional lethal form. Genetic and very recent biochemical investigations suggest a new heterogeneity of the lethal form, even well defined clinically and radiologically. Contrary to earlier and frequent statements, it results most often from a dominant mutation, while recessive inheritance is much rarer, therefore the overall risk of recurrence much below 25%. PMID- 6609669 TI - [Tentative classification of radial figures and an evaluation of the consequences of their radiation induction]. AB - A classification is proposed of the tri- and quadriradials, based on theoretical and observed anomalies induced by radiation. Mitotic consequences of radials during S-phase are analysed, and it is shown that the rate of induction of unbalanced rearrangements is very much higher than that of balanced ones. After extrapolation to germ cells, it can be assumed that irradiation during S-phase will induce a high risk of chromosome imbalance for progeny which will be restricted almost entirely to the first generation. PMID- 6609670 TI - [De novo appearance of a partial trisomy 1q in mosaic due to a 1;9 translocation]. AB - A child with trisomy 1q24----qter is described. This syndrome is compared to other 1q partial trisomies. An association is proposed between these trisomic segments and the following phenotypic signs: microphtalmia, trigonocephaly, hypertrichosis, antimongoloid eye slants, anomalies of the biliary tract, and malformations of the central nervous system. PMID- 6609671 TI - Ring-14 and trisomy 14q in the same child. AB - The case of a male child with three cell lines is described: one cell line with ring chromosome 14, another trisomic for 14q, due to a derived metacentric 14q;14q, and a third one with a normal male karyotype. The clinical findings are compatible with those of the r(14) syndrome. PMID- 6609672 TI - Interstitial deletion of a chromosome 7 (q11.2q22.1) in a child with splithand/splitfoot malformation. AB - Report on a 2-year-old, severely retarded girl with partial monosomy of 7q who exhibited not only features possibly due to the chromosomal aberration such as intrauterine dystrophy, microcephaly, odd facies, cleft palate, CHD, but also typical splithand/splitfoot malformation. PMID- 6609673 TI - Interstitial deletion of long arm of chromosome 13. AB - The case is presented of a patient with the karyotype 46,XX,del(13q)(pter--- q22::q32----qter) confirmed by densitometry and a phenotype of mental and growth deficiency, hypotonia, hypertelorism, ptosis, broad nasal bridge, protruding upper incisors, short neck, dislocation of the hip, hypoplasia of the thumbs, fusion of fourth and fifth metacarpal bones and syndactyly of toes. The findings are compared with those of well documented cases with a similar deleted segment of the long arm of chromosome 13. Although it seems obvious that a clinical syndrome for the distal deletion 13q appears to exist more studies with banded chromosomes are needed. PMID- 6609674 TI - Translocation t(11;14) and trisomy 11q13----qter in multiple myeloma. AB - A 14q+ marker with extra material derived from chromosome 11 long arm, i.e. segment q13----qter, has been found in cells from a pleural effusion in a patient with highly malignant multiple myeloma. The segment 11q13----qter was trisomic because of the presence of both apparently normal homologous chromosomes 11. PMID- 6609675 TI - Occurrence of 19p- in an infant with multiple dysmorphic features. AB - A case with partial deletion on the short arm of one chromosome 19 and multiple dysmorphic features is reported. PMID- 6609676 TI - "De Novo" trisomy 20p with macroorchidism in a prepuberal boy. AB - A 9-year-old prepuberal boy with trisomy 20p syndrome and previously undescribed macroorchidism is presented. This is the second report of trisomy 20p originated "de novo" supporting a frequency rate of about the 10% for this etiological mechanism. Reviewing the most common clinical findings of all 19 previous patients, a typical phenotype with a recognizable face can be carried out in several cases. If prepuberal macroorchidism is confirmed in further patients, trisomy 20p could be taken into account in the differential diagnosis with the sex-linked syndromes with mental retardation and abnormal testicular increase. PMID- 6609677 TI - Familial pericentric inversion of the Y chromosome. AB - Cytogenetic investigation of a healthy couple with 4 spontaneous abortions revealed a pericentric inversion of the Y chromosome. The same abnormality was found in three other members of the family. All of them have normal children without fetal wastage. This finding suggests that the pericentric inversion of the Y chromosome affects neither the phenotype nor reproductive performance. PMID- 6609678 TI - De novo complex chromosomal rearrangement (CCR) in a severely mentally retarded boy. AB - A severely mentally retarded boy with a de novo, apparently balanced complex chromosomal rearrangement (CCR) of autosomes 2, 14 and 21 is described. This rearrangement involved one reciprocal and one insertional translocation with four breakpoints found at 2p11 ; 14q11 , 14q13 and 21q11 . PMID- 6609680 TI - Pure hemidystonia with basal ganglion abnormalities on positron emission tomography. AB - We present a patient with hemidystonia and an abnormality of the contralateral basal ganglion seen only with positron emission tomography. A 50-year-old sinistral man suffered minor trauma to the right side of his head and neck. Within 20 minutes he developed paroxysmal intermittent dystonic posturing of his right face, forearm, hand, and foot, with weaker contractions of the left foot, lasting several seconds and recurring every few minutes. Neurological findings between spells were normal. The following were also normal: electrolyte, calcium, magnesium, and arterial blood gas levels, and findings of drug screen, cerebrospinal fluid examination, electroencephalography with nasopharyngeal leads, computed tomographic scanning (initially and four weeks later), and cerebral angiography. Positron emission tomographic scanning revealed abnormalities in the left basal ganglion region, including decreased oxygen metabolism, decreased oxygen extraction, increased blood volume, and increased blood flow. PMID- 6609679 TI - A quantitative model for the in vivo assessment of drug binding sites with positron emission tomography. AB - We propose an in vivo method for use with positron emission tomography (PET) that results in a quantitative characterization of neuroleptic binding sites using radiolabeled spiperone. The data are analyzed using a mathematical model that describes transport, nonspecific binding, and specific binding in the brain. The model demonstrates that the receptor quantities Bmax (i.e., the number of binding sites) and KD-1 (i.e., the binding affinity) are not separably ascertainable with tracer methodology in human subjects. We have, therefore, introduced a new term, the binding potential, equivalent to the product BmaxKD-1, which reflects the capacity of a given tissue, or region of a tissue, for ligand-binding site interaction. The procedure for obtaining these measurements is illustrated with data from sequential PET scans of baboons after intravenous injection of carrier added [18F]spiperone. From these data we estimate the brain tissue nonspecific binding of spiperone to be in the range of 94.2 to 95.3%, and the regional brain spiperone permeability (measured as the permeability-surface area product) to be in the range of 0.025 to 0.036 cm3/(s X ml). The binding potential of the striatum ranged from 17.4 to 21.6; these in vivo estimates compare favorably to in vitro values in the literature. To our knowledge this represents the first direct evidence that PET can be used to characterize quantitatively, locally and in vivo, drug binding sites in brain. The ability to make such measurements with PET should permit the detailed investigation of diseases thought to result from disorders of receptor function. PMID- 6609681 TI - Angiographic changes in intracranial arteritis of ophthalmic herpes zoster. PMID- 6609682 TI - Purification and properties of an inducible cephalosporinase from Pseudomonas maltophilia GN12873. AB - An inducible cephalosporinase was purified from Pseudomonas maltophilia GN12873. The pI was 8.4, and the molecular weight was ca. 56,000 by gel filtration or 27,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, suggesting that this enzyme had two subunits. The optimal pH and optimal temperature were 7.5 and 45 degrees C, respectively. Enzyme activity was inhibited by clavulanic acid, sulbactam, cephamycin derivatives, carbapenem antibiotics, iodine, HgCl2, and p-chloromercuribenzoate. The enzyme showed a broad substrate profile, hydrolyzing cephaloridine, cefazolin, cefsulodin, penicillin G, ceftizoxime, and ampicillin at a high rate. PMID- 6609683 TI - Bleeding oesophageal varices with long term follow up. AB - Complete long term follow up was obtained in 27 children who had bled from oesophageal varices. Most presented with haematemesis or melaena at an average age of 5.2 years in the portal vein thrombosis group (20 children) and 9.5 years in the intrahepatic group (7 children). All had splenomegaly. Only 6 of 20 children with portal vein thrombosis had a possible precipitating factor. A total of 182 admissions for bleeding are reported, in 68 of which injection sclerotherapy was used to control bleeding. Control rate with injection sclerotherapy was 97%. Shunts performed below age 10 years were associated with a high thrombosis rate. A conservative approach to bleeding varices in children is recommended with transfusion, pitressin, and injection sclerotherapy. Oesophageal transection may have a role in the emergency management of the few children in whom bleeding is not controlled by injection sclerotherapy. PMID- 6609684 TI - Effect of etretinate on the distribution of Langerhans cells and T. lymphocytes in psoriatic skin. PMID- 6609685 TI - Respiratory symptoms and lung function among workers in swine confinement buildings: a cross-sectional epidemiological study. AB - To study possible chronic respiratory problems of people working in swine confinement buildings, a cross-sectional epidemiological study was initiated. A cohort of swine confinement workers was matched for age, sex, and smoking history with nonconfinement swine producers. Pulmonary function studies and a survey questionnaire for chronic respiratory disease symptoms (the American Thoracic Society, Epidemiologic Standardization Project Questionnaire) were performed on both groups. Compared to controls, the confinement workers experienced significantly higher prevalence of chronic bronchitis and wheezing, (odds ratio 7 and 4, respectively). There were, however, no significant differences in baseline pulmonary functions. Based on the high prevalence of chronic respiratory disease symptoms, this study emphasizes an emerging occupational concern in agriculture to the estimated 500,000 persons working in swine confinement operations and the estimated 500,000 additional persons who work in poultry, veal, beef, or dairy confinement operations. It is important to study a representative population of these workers prospectively to determine if a progressive loss in lung function is evident. PMID- 6609687 TI - Uvulectomy, a traditional surgical procedure in Tanzania. AB - Uvulectomy is carried out by traditional healers of Tanzania. The Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the Muhimbili Medical Centre, University of Dar es Salaam, has regularly treated patients who suffered complications arising from this procedure. In April 1980 the author attended the practice of a traditional healer (mganga) in Dar es Salaam and saw many uvulectomies performed. The procedure is described and its indications and complications reviewed. The study illustrates that knowledge and comprehension of traditional medicine is important for the medical profession in those countries where traditional medical procedures are still in use. PMID- 6609686 TI - The morbidity and mortality of emergent operations for colorectal disease. AB - p6 participants in the Veterans Administration Cooperative Studies Program investigating antibiotic prophylaxis in colorectal operations, 693 consecutive patients (1978-1981) from three hospitals were studied. This report concerns 20% of these patients who presented with either perforation, obstruction, or hemorrhage necessitating emergent surgical intervention on unprepared bowel. The 30-day, in-hospital mortality of the 138 patients undergoing emergency operations was 28%. Elective colorectal procedures during the same period had a six per cent mortality rate. There is a striking difference in the cause of death in prepared patients and those needing emergent surgery. Death in prepared patients was usually of a vascular etiology, while septic-related mortality was present in only one per cent. On the other hand, despite massive doses of antibiotics, fecal diversion, surgical drainage and lavage, abdominal sepsis was documented in 20% and septic related mortality was present in 17% of patients undergoing emergency operations. Early, elective treatment and prevention of obstruction and perforation will improve our results in colorectal disease. PMID- 6609688 TI - Inhibition of vestibular and neck reflexes in forelimb extensor muscles during the episodes of postural atonia induced by an anticholinesterase in decerebrate cat. AB - In precollicular decerebrate cats, the multiunit EMG activity of forelimb extensor muscles (e.g. the triceps brachii) was recorded during sinusoidal stimulation of labyrinth and neck receptors at the frequencies of 0.026-0.15 Hz, +/- 10 degrees and the resulting responses were tested during tonic activation of a cholinergic mechanism. In agreement with previous findings, the first harmonic component of the EMG responses to roll tilt of the animal leading to selective stimulation of labyrinth receptors was characterized by an increased activity during side-down tilt and a decreased activity during side-up tilt (labyrinth responses); on the other hand just the opposite changes were elicited for the same directions of neck rotation (neck responses). For the parameters of stimulation reported above, the responses were always related to position and not to velocity of displacement. Intravenous injection of an anticholinesterase (eserine sulphate, 0.10-0.15 mg/kg) which produced a state of postural atonia, associated with bursts of rapid eye movements (REM), similar to that occurring spontaneously in unrestrained cats during desynchronized sleep or REM sleep, also decreased the tonic activity of the triceps brachii and abolished the EMG responses of this muscle to sinusoidal stimulation of labyrinth and neck receptors. This suppression persisted throughout the episode of postural atonia associated with REM bursts. The abolition of the labyrinth and neck reflexes acting on forelimb muscles was not only dependent on the dose of anticholinesterase, but also on the state of the animal. In fact, somatosensory or acoustic stimuli applied during the REM episodes abolished the rhythmic oculomotor activity and determined the prompt recovery of both the decerebrate rigidity and the EMG responses of the triceps brachii to labyrinth and neck stimulation. The postural atonia as well as the tonic depression of the vestibular and neck reflexes acting on forelimb extensor muscles can in part at least be attributed to cholinergic activation of medullary reticulospinal neurons exerting a postsynaptic inhibitory influence on extensor motoneurons. However, since these inhibitory reticulospinal neurons collaborate with excitatory vestibulospinal neurons to the motoneuronal responses during stimulation of labyrinth and neck receptors, we cannot exclude that the suppression of the vestibular and neck reflexes may also depend on occlusion of the unit responses at reticular level. PMID- 6609689 TI - Lymphocyte function in major depressive disorder. AB - Lymphocyte stimulation by phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen was significantly lower in a group of hospitalized depressed patients than in matched controls. The absolute number of T and B cells was lower in the depressed group, but the percentage of these cell types did not differ between the groups. These findings may be related to the altered neuroendocrine function found in patients with depressive disorders. PMID- 6609690 TI - [T lymphocyte subpopulations in rheumatoid arthritis]. AB - The study of T lymphocyte subpopulations defined by monoclonal antibodies in a group of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and a control group indicated no significant differences in the percentages of total T lymphocytes (OKT3+) or helper-inducer lymphocytes (OKT4+). However there was a significant diminution in suppressor-cytoxic lymphocytes (OKT8+) in patients with active forms of the disease. This diminution led to an increase in the proportion of OKT4+/OKT8+ in patients with active R.A. forms compared to both those in remission and the control group. PMID- 6609691 TI - [Thoracic aorta aneurysms and dissections. Surgical treatment]. PMID- 6609693 TI - [Reoperation in myocardial revascularization surgery]. PMID- 6609692 TI - [Direct myocardial revascularization without extracorporeal circulation. Description of the technic and initial results]. PMID- 6609694 TI - [Elective endarterectomy and myocardial revascularization]. PMID- 6609695 TI - [Revascularization of acute infarction. Analysis of the results with or without previous intracoronary thrombolysis]. PMID- 6609696 TI - Acoustic tumors in the young adult. AB - Despite the widely held notion that acoustic neuroma is a disease of the middle and late years of life, this neoplasm frequently begins in young adults. It has been reported as occurring in a patient as young as seven years of age. Often, patients in their 20s or 30s may have minimal symptoms despite sizable tumors. Constant alertness for such lesions is essential for early diagnosis and optimal prognosis. PMID- 6609697 TI - [Tinnitus]. PMID- 6609698 TI - [The inner ear canal]. PMID- 6609699 TI - Autoantibodies to small nuclear ribonucleoproteins. A strong association between anti-SS-B(La), HLA-B8, and Sjogren's syndrome. AB - The heterogeneity within multisystem autoimmune disease was evaluated according to the presence of antinuclear antibodies to ribonucleoproteins and the HLA-A1, B8, DR3 phenotype. Patients with various multisystem autoimmune diseases were tested by a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay for autoantibodies to the small nuclear ribonucleoproteins known as SS-B (La) and ribonucleoprotein (RNP), and HLA phenotypes were determined. The 210 patients included 64 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 11 with "atypical SLE", 41 with Sjogren's syndrome, 22 with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), 21 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 16 with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and 35 with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis (A-CAH). Anti-SS-B (La) was present in high frequency in Sjogren's syndrome and was strongly associated with HLA-A1, B8, DR3. Anti-RNP was detected predominantly in MCTD and had no association with HLA-A1, B8, DR3. There were sharply defined serological and genetic differences between primary Sjogren's syndrome and Sjogren's syndrome associated with RA. Anti-SS-B (La) was present in 70% of patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome but in none with Sjogren's syndrome with RA, and the respective frequencies of HLA-A1, B8, and DR3 were 88%, 94% and 75% in the former compared with 38%, 29% and 14% in the latter. Thus primary Sjogren's syndrome differs immunogenetically from Sjogren's syndrome with RA. There was a notable absence of anti-SS-B (La) in PBC, an autoimmune disease associated with the Sjogren's syndrome. These findings illustrate the value of studying immunological and genetic markers in detecting heterogeneity within groups of diseases whose symptoms cannot be distinguished clinically. PMID- 6609700 TI - Comparative study of piroxicam and ibuprofen in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Piroxicam was compared with ibuprofen in a 8 weeks randomised open clinical trial in 31 patients (16 patients with piroxicam and 15 patients with ibuprofen) with rheumatoid arthritis. Piroxicam was given in a dosage of 20mg once daily and ibuprofen 400mg three times a day. Both drugs appeared to be equally effective and there were only few minor side effects in patients on either drug. The once daily administration gives piroxicam a clear practical advantage over ibuprofen. PMID- 6609701 TI - Des-, syn- and anti-oxyimino-delta 3-cephalosporins. Intrinsic reactivity and reaction with RTEM-2 serine beta-lactamase and D-alanyl-D-alanine-cleaving serine and Zn2+-containing peptidases. AB - The presence and configuration (syn or anti) of an oxyimino group in the 7 (beta) acyl side chain of 3-cephems do not modify the intrinsic reactivity of the beta lactam ring, but have highly enzyme-specific effects. When compared with the corresponding desoxyimino beta-lactam compound: (i) with the plasmid-mediated Escherichia coli RTEM-2 serine beta-lactamase, the substrate activity of the anti isomer is increased and that of the syn isomer is decreased; (ii) with the Streptomyces R61 serine D-alanyl-D-alanine cleaving peptidase (a highly penicillin-sensitive enzyme), the rate of enzyme acylation is not or only little affected when the oxyimino group is in the syn configuration, but is decreased when the oxyimino group is in the anti configuration; (iii) with the Actinomadura R39 serine D-alanyl-D-alanine-cleaving peptidase (an exceedingly highly penicillin-sensitive enzyme), the rate of enzyme acylation is unaffected whatever the configuration of the substituent. The oxidation of the sulphur atom of the dihydrothiazine ring on the beta-face of the molecule makes it both a poorer inactivator of the DD-peptidases and a poorer substrate of the beta-lactamase. The Streptomyces albus G Zn2+-containing D-alanyl-D-alanine-cleaving peptidase (a highly penicillin-resistant enzyme) remains highly resistant to all compounds tested. PMID- 6609702 TI - Proteinase inhibitors in rat serum. Purification and partial characterization of three functionally distinct trypsin inhibitors. AB - Three different serine proteinase inhibitors were isolated from rat serum and purified to apparent homogeneity. One of the inhibitors appears to be homologous to alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor isolated from man and other species, but the other two, designated rat proteinase inhibitor I and rat proteinase inhibitor II, seem to have no human counterpart. alpha 1-Proteinase inhibitor (Mr 55000) inhibits trypsin, chymotrypsin and elastase, the three serine proteinases tested. Rat proteinase inhibitor I (Mr 66000) is active towards trypsin and chymotrypsin, but is inactive towards elastase. Rat proteinase inhibitor II (Mr 65000) is an effective inhibitor of trypsin only. Their contributions to the trypsin inhibitory capacity of rat serum are about 68, 14 and 18% for alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor, rat proteinase inhibitor I and rat proteinase inhibitor II respectively. PMID- 6609703 TI - Nucleotide catabolism and nucleoside cycles in human thymocytes. Role of orthophosphate. AB - The catabolism of GTP and ATP in intact human thymocytes was studied, and the effect of intracellular Pi concentrations on various catabolic reactions was evaluated. Induction of nucleotide catabolism was performed with either NaN3 or deoxyglucose. NaN3 induced an increase in intracellular Pi, whereas deoxyglucose induced a decrease in Pi in human thymocytes. At elevated Pi concentrations, an intracellular accumulation of GMP, IMP and AMP was observed, and the entry of these nucleotides into the nucleoside cycles was diminished. In contrast, at lowered Pi concentrations, there was no accumulation of nucleoside monophosphates, but the production of purine bases and nucleosides was increased as a result of enhanced nucleotide entry into the nucleoside cycles. The dephosphorylation of nucleotides thus seems to be regulated by intracellular Pi concentrations. ATP catabolism proceeded mainly via adenylate deamination at both elevated and lowered Pi concentrations. Guanylate formed during GTP catabolism was mainly dephosphorylated, but significant amounts of GMP were also deaminated to yield IMP. PMID- 6609704 TI - Potentiation of the antibody induced platelet aggregation in vitro. AB - The combined addition of a heterologous anti-human C1q serum and an anti-IgG-L chain (kappa) serum to only once washed human platelets potentiates their aggregation in vitro in comparison to the effect of the same antisera alone. The biological significance of this process is discussed. PMID- 6609705 TI - Total lymphoid irradiation therapy in refractory rheumatoid arthritis. Fifteen- to forty-month followup. AB - Twelve patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis were treated with total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) to a total cumulative dose of 3,000 rads. Post-TLI morbidity/mortality included 8 patients with xerostomia, 4 with weight loss of greater than 10 kg, 3 with loss of 4 or more teeth, 3 with herpes zoster, 4 with bacterial infection that was fatal in 2, 3 with hypothyroidism, 1 with cutaneous vasculitis, and death from myocardial infarction in 1 patient and cardiorespiratory arrest in another. Ten of the patients were reevaluated 15-40 months (mean +/- SE, 30 +/- 2) after completion of TLI, and significant improvement was noted in several disease parameters including number of swollen joints, duration of morning stiffness, and 50-foot walking time. Blood lymphopenia and a decrease in helper T cells (T4) were also noted. These data suggest that changes in immunoregulation induced by TLI can produce longlasting alterations in rheumatoid arthritis, although adverse effects may limit its efficacy. PMID- 6609706 TI - The use of trained patient instructors for teaching and assessing rheumatologic care. AB - The training of professionals in rheumatologic care requires review and study. To improve teaching methods, 6 patients with stable rheumatic disease were trained to evaluate and teach medical students by using themselves as models for musculoskeletal examinations. Checklists for scoring performance and content were developed. Criteria established to give evidence of the validity of the checklists and of the reliability of the patient instructors in their scoring were met or exceeded. The patient instructors are now an integral part of the Preparation for Clinical Medicine curriculum at our institution and serve as resources for evaluation and teaching in the continuing education of practicing professionals. PMID- 6609707 TI - Antiulcer actions in rats of new synthetic polyisoprenoids. AB - The effects of 3-N,N-dimethylaminopropyl farnesyl acetate (DMFA), N' geranylpiperazinyl farnesyl acetamide (GPFA) and N'-methylpiperazinyl geranylgeranyl acetamide (MPGA) were studied on gastric secretion, gastric bleeding and gastric mucosubstances in rats. DMFA lowered gastric juice and gastric bleeding, and GPFA increased gastric mucosubstances and decreased gastric bleeding. MPGA showed remarkable effects for all of these tests. Consequently it might be said that MPGA is a useful agent against both aggressive and resistant factors on gastric functions. PMID- 6609708 TI - Infusion rates for anaesthesia with propofol. AB - The infusion rate of propofol which would produce anaesthesia, when combined with nitrous oxide in oxygen, was studied in 75 fit unpremedicated patients undergoing body surface operations. The infusion rates were based on multiples of the median dose required to produce anaesthesia by intermittent injection in an additional 20 patients. The scatter of doses showed a right skew, for both intermittent and continuous use. This was corrected by loge transformation and derived data presented graphically. PMID- 6609710 TI - The diagnosis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma by morphometric evaluation of the cellular infiltrate, using semithin sections. AB - In order to improve the cytological criteria for the diagnosis of cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCL), a number of morphometric assessments in semithin sections have been performed on the dermal infiltrates of twenty-one cases of overt CTCL (group I) and twenty-two cases of well-defined benign dermatoses (group II). In each biopsy, an average of 250 cells were measured for perimeter (P), surface area (S), 'nuclear shape index' (NSI), mean surface and mean NSI. We also determined the percentage of typical 'highly cerebriform lymphocytes' (HCL). Cells of group I patients were found to have mean S and mean NSI that differed significantly from those of group II. HCL were found to have a mean NSI value of less than 0.40. The diagnostic value of these measurements was confirmed in the group I patients. Nineteen of them had a mean NSI value of less than 0.61, together with a mean S greater than 14 sq. micron. None of the twenty-two patients of group II had such values. The discriminating power of these criteria was then tested retrospectively on another group of initially controversial patients who presented with suspected CTCL (group III patients). Nine have since evolved into overt CTCL (group III M) while the other ten have remained benign (group III B). All group III B patients and five patients of group III M were correctly assigned using the above morphometric criteria. This method could improve the diagnosis of the early stage of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. PMID- 6609709 TI - Pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) in serum and tissue from patients with benign and malignant breast tumours. PMID- 6609711 TI - Defective expression of T cell antigens in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: relationship to T cell dysfunction. AB - In chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) peripheral blood T cells have a variety of functional abnormalities. To explore more extensively the T cell status of B-CLL patients, surface immunoglobulin-negative cells were isolated by sheep erythrocyte rosetting (ER) and the membrane phenotypes of the ER + cells defined by immunofluorescence utilizing monoclonal antibodies (MAb). In 11 of 18 CLL patients (CLL group I) there was excellent correlation between ER + and T3 (mature T cell marker) positivity. In the remaining patients (CLL group II), only 5-45% of ER + cells were T3 positive, suggesting that many rosetting cells were non-T. However, the ER +, T3 negative cells were nonreactive with OKM -1 (MAb which detects monocytes and 'null' lymphocytes) or with OKT11, 9.6, and 35.1, MAb against the T cell E receptor. Moreover ER +, T3 negative cells were not stained with OKT4, OKT8, OKT6, OKT9 , or OKT10 . Treatment of group II ER + cells with neuraminidase increased (from 27% to 74%) the mean percentages of T3 positive cells detected, but not other membrane antigens. ER + cells from group II patients, compared with normal and group I patients, exhibited diminished proliferative responses to PHA and Con-A (P less than 0.01) and supported poorly pokeweed mitogen-induced proliferation of normal allogeneic B cells (P less than 0.01). Thus, in approximately one-third of the CLL patients studied, many ER + cells poorly express a number of membrane antigens characteristic of normal mature T cells, one of which (T3) is unmasked by neuraminidase treatment. This phenotypic abnormality appears to be associated with significant T cell dysfunction in vitro and may, at least in part, contribute to the commonly encountered immunological defects present in these patients. PMID- 6609713 TI - A platelet release defect induced by aspirin or penicillin G does not increase gastrointestinal blood loss in thrombocytopenic rabbits. AB - Gastrointestinal blood loss was compared in groups of normal and thrombocytopenic animals treated with medications known to induce qualitative platelet dysfunction. Thrombocytopenia was induced in rabbits by the intraperitoneal injection of busulphan dissolved in polyethylene glycol (PEG) at a dose of 60 mg/kg. Control animals received PEG alone; each group subsequently received daily intravenous injections of penicillin G, aspirin, sodium salicylate or isotonic saline. Mean daily gastrointestinal blood loss was determined by monitoring the appearance of 51Cr radioactivity in the faeces following the administration of 51Cr-labelled erythrocytes prior to the administration of the test and control therapies. The administration of penicillin G was not associated with increased gastrointestinal blood loss in the thrombocytopenic animals as compared with the saline treated thrombocytopenic controls. Platelet aggregation studies confirmed the presence of a mild but significant defect in platelet aggregation. Aspirin produced a more pronounced defect in platelet aggregation but did not induce increased bleeding in the normal animals as compared with the controls, nor did it exacerbate the bleeding in thrombocytopenic animals. Sodium salicylate did not produce an aggregation defect and did not significantly modify gastrointestinal blood loss. It was concluded that drug-induced qualitative platelet dysfunction does not necessarily increase bleeding through intact vessels despite previous evidence of a significant effect on platelet plug formation as monitored by the bleeding time. PMID- 6609712 TI - Atherosclerosis and von Willebrand factor. I. Prevalence of severe von Willebrand's disease in western Europe and Israel. AB - The prevalence of von Willebrand's disease (VWD) in Western European countries and Israel was assessed. Possible patients were identified initially by questionnaire and those with plasma levels of von Willebrand factor antigen ( WFAg ; factor VIII related antigen) less than 1 u/dl (less than 1%) were confirmed by immunoradiometric assay performed at four reference centres. The prevalences of severe VWD in Scandinavian countries were similar to each other and about 10 times greater than those in other Western European countries. The prevalence in Israel was intermediate. The Registry will form the basis for future non- invasive epidemiological studies of atherosclerosis in these individuals. PMID- 6609714 TI - Normal T cell colony numbers in untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). AB - T cell colony formation in normal individuals and untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) was studied to determine if there is a deficiency in the number of T cells capable of forming colonies in this disease. In normal individuals, assays using enriched T cells did not reveal the total number of potential colony forming cells, preventing accurate assessment in patients with B cell CLL where enriched T cells are mandatory. Conditions were therefore optimized to obtain the maximal number of colonies, so that accurate comparisons could be made between the potential of normal individuals and patients with CLL. Addition of normal autologous non-T cells to enriched T cells enhanced colony numbers in normal individuals to those seen in the whole mononuclear population. However, addition of normal non-T cells to CLL T cells would have caused a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), which influences T cell colony numbers. Therefore the MLR was bypassed by adding to the enriched T cells, supernatants having characteristics of Interleukin-1 or commercially obtained Interleukin-2. The supernatants with Interleukin-1 activity enhanced T cell colony numbers comparably in both normal individuals and patients with CLL. Interleukin-2 did not increase T cell colony numbers in normal individuals and the increase seen in patients with CLL were not significant. Thus the effect of the lymphokines on T cell colony numbers was comparable in both normal individuals and untreated patients with CLL. We therefore concluded that there are normal numbers of cells which have the potential to form T cell colonies in untreated patients with CLL. PMID- 6609715 TI - Successful treatment of exogenous aspergillus endophthalmitis: a case report. AB - We describe the first case of successfully treated exogenous aspergillus endophthalmitis following penetrating injury and primary scleral wound repair. After repeated vitreous surgery with multiple intravitreous instillations of amphotericin B combined with intravenous antifungal therapy the patient's visual acuity was 6/18. A vigorous approach in the management of mycotic endophthalmitis is emphasised and the role of closed vitrectomy discussed. PMID- 6609716 TI - Substrate depletion analysis as an approach to the pre-steady-state anticooperative kinetics of aminoacyl adenylate formation by tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase from beef pancreas. AB - The formation of tryptophanyl adenylate catalyzed by tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase from beef pancreas has been studied by stopped-flow analysis under conditions where the concentration of one of the substrates was largely decreasing during the time course of the reaction. Under such conditions a nonlinear regression analysis of the formation of the adenylate (adenylate vs. time curve) at several initial tryptophan and enzyme concentrations gave an accurate determination of both binding constants of this substrate. The use of the jackknife procedure according to Cornish - Bowden & Wong [ Cornish - Bowden , A., & Wong , J.J. (1978) Biochem. J. 175, 969-976] gave the limit of confidence of these constants. This approach confirmed that tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase presents a kinetic anticooperativity toward tryptophan in the activation reaction that closely parallels the anticooperativity found for tryptophan binding at equilibrium. Both sites are simultaneously forming the adenylate. The dissociation constants obtained under the present pre-steady-state conditions for tryptophan are KT1 = 1.6 +/- 0.5 microM and KT2 = 18.5 +/- 3.0 microM at pH 8.0, 25 degrees C. The rate constant kf of adenylate formation is identical for both active sites (kf = 42 +/- 5 s-1). The substrate depletion method presently used, linked to the jackknife procedure, proves to be particularly suitable for the determination of the kinetic constants and for the discrimination between different possible kinetic models of dimeric enzyme with high substrate affinity. In such a case this method is more reliable than the conventional method using substrate concentrations in high excess over that of the enzyme. PMID- 6609717 TI - Some aspects of the mechanism of complexation of red kidney bean alpha-amylase inhibitor and alpha-amylase. AB - Bovine pancreatic alpha-amylase binds 1 mol of acarbose (a carbohydrate alpha amylase inhibitor) per mol at the active site and also binds acarbose nonspecifically. The red kidney bean alpha-amylase inhibitor-bovine pancreatic alpha-amylase complex retained nonspecific binding for acarbose only. Binding of p-nitrophenyl alpha-D-maltoside to the final complex of red kidney bean alpha amylase inhibitor and bovine pancreatic alpha-amylase has a beta Ks (Ks') value that is 3.4-fold greater than the Ks (16 mM) of alpha-amylase for p-nitrophenyl alpha-D-maltoside alone. The initial complex of alpha-amylase and inhibitor apparently hydrolyzes this substrate as rapidly as alpha-amylase alone. The complex retains affinity for substrates and competitive inhibitors, which, when present in high concentrations, cause dissociation of the complex. Maltose (0.5 M), a competitive inhibitor of alpha-amylase, caused dissociation of the red kidney bean alpha-amylase inhibitor--alpha-amylase complex. Interaction between red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) alpha-amylase inhibitor and porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase proceeds through two steps. The first step has a Keq of 3.1 X 10(-5) M. The second step (unimolecular; first order) has a forward rate constant of 3.05 min-1 at pH 6.9 and 30 degrees C. alpha-Amylase inhibitor combines with alpha-amylase, in the presence of p-nitrophenyl alpha-D-maltoside, noncompetitively. On the basis of the data presented, it is likely that alpha amylase is inactivated by the alpha-amylase inhibitor through a conformational change. A kinetic model, in the presence and absence of substrate, is described for noncompetitive, slow, tight-binding inhibitors that proceed through two steps. PMID- 6609718 TI - Studies on the polyglutamate specificity of methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase from pig liver. AB - Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, which is one of the activities of a trifunctional folate-dependent enzyme isolated from pig liver, displays an ordered bi-bi kinetic mechanism when methylenetetrahydropteroylmonoglutamate is used as the folate substrate [Cohen, L., & MacKenzie, R. E. (1978) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 522, 311-317]. We have studied the inhibition of this activity by a series of pteroylglutamates containing one to seven glutamyl residues. Inhibitors with one to four glutamyl residues exhibit a kinetically determined KD of about 56 microM for binding at the folate site of the enzyme, while inhibitors with five to seven glutamyl residues exhibit a KD of about 16 microM. These results suggest that folylpolyglutamates are bound to the trifunctional enzyme relatively weakly, with the major interaction involving the fifth glutamyl residue of the polyglutamate "tail". A free energy decrease of about 0.74 kcal (3.1 kJ) is associated with this interaction. The possibility of a swinging arm mechanism for the trifunctional enzyme is discussed. We have also measured the kinetic parameters Vmax and the Km values for NADP+ and the folate substrate associated with catalysis using a series of methylenetetrahydropteroylpolyglutamate substrates. The variation in these parameters with the length of the polyglutamate tail is small. PMID- 6609719 TI - The effects of cleavage of the inter-chain disulphide bonds of rabbit IgG on its ability to bind C1q. AB - Immune complexes prepared from rabbit anti-ovalbumin IgG in which the interchain disulphide bonds had been reduced and then blocked with N-( iodoacetylaminoethyl )-8-naphthylamine-1-sulphonic acid retained the ability to bind 125I-labelled C1q. This ability was lost when a small alkylating agent (iodoacetamide) was used to block the cleaved disulphide bonds. The ability of the IgG to form insoluble immune complexes was partially compromised when iodoacetamide was used to block the disulphide bonds, but was unimpaired when N-( iodoacetylaminoethyl )-8 naphthylamine-1-sulphonic acid was used. These data are consistent with the suggestion that access to the C1q binding site in IgG in immune complexes is modulated by movement of the Fab arms, which may block access to the site. PMID- 6609720 TI - Direct measurement of intracellular free magnesium in frog skeletal muscle using magnesium-selective microelectrodes. AB - Mg2+-selective microelectrodes have been used to measure the intracellular free Mg2+ concentration in frog skeletal muscle fibers. Glass capillaries with a tip diameter of less than 0.4 micron were backfilled with the Mg2+ sensor, ETH 1117. In the absence of interfering ions, they gave Nernstian responses between 1 and 10 mM free Mg2+. In the presence of an ionic environment resembling the myoplasm, the microelectrode response was sub Nernstian (18-24 mV) but still useful. The electrodes were calibrated before and after muscle-fiber impalements . In quiescent fibers from sartorius muscle (Rana pipiens), with resting membrane potentials not less than -82 mV, the intracellular free Mg2+ concentration was 3.8 +/- 0.41 (S.E.) mM (n = 58) at 22 degrees C. No significant change in the intracellular free Mg2+ was observed following extensive (approx. 6 h) incubation in Mg2+-free media. Increasing the external concentration of magnesium from 4 to 20 mM (approx. 15 min) produced a slow and small enhancement (1.8 mM) of [Mg2+]i, which was fully reverted when the divalent cation was removed from the bathing solution. No change in ionic magnesium resting concentration was observed when the muscle fibers were treated either with caffeine 3 mM or with Na+-free solutions. In depolarized muscle fibers (-23 +/- 2.7 mV) treated with 100 mM K+, the myoplasmic [Mg2+] was 3.7 +/- 0.45 (S.E.) mM, n = 6, immediately after the spontaneous relaxation of the contracture. Similar determinations in muscle fibers during stimulation at low frequency (5 Hz), and after fatigue development, showed no changes in the concentration of free cytosolic Mg2+. These results point out that [Mg2+]i is not modified under these three different experimental conditions. PMID- 6609721 TI - Role of calcium in regulating intracellular pH following the stepwise release of the metabolic blocks at first-meiotic prophase and second-meiotic metaphase in amphibian oocytes. AB - 31P-NMR has been used to monitor changes in intracellular pH following the sequential release of the block at first-meiotic prophase by hormones and the block at second-meiotic metaphase by fertilization in Rana eggs and oocytes. The broad phosphoprotein signal was eliminated by a combination of spin-echo and deconvolution techniques. pHi was determined from the pH-dependent separation of intracellular Pi and phosphocreatine resonances. Agents that release the prophase block (progesterone, insulin, D-600, La3+) increased pHi from 7.38 to 7.7-7.8 within 1-3 h. Noninducers such as 17 beta-estradiol were without effect. By second-metaphase arrest (ovulated, unfertilized) the pHi had fallen to 7.1-7.2. pHi underwent a transient increase to about 7.7 within the first 30 min at fertilization, with a slow 0.1-0.2 pH unit oscillation during early cleavage. The progesterone-induced elevation of intracellular pH is not blocked by amiloride and occurs in Na+-free medium. A transient rise in pHi occurs when the prophase arrested oocyte is transferred to Ca2+-free medium or when ionophore A23187 is added to the Ca2+-containing medium. Agents that inhibit the resumption of the first meiotic division either block the rise in pHi (procaine, PMSF) or shorten the time-course of the rise in pHi (ionophore A23187). Conditions that elevate intracellular Ca2+ levels and/or increase Ca2+ exchange produce an increase in pHi, whereas those conditions that decrease intracellular Ca2+ levels and/or exchange produce a fall in pHi within 1 h. The time-course of the increase in pHi both following release of the prophase block and at fertilization coincide with a fall in intracellular cAMP and release of surface and/or intracellular Ca2+. These results suggest that: (1) pHi is a function of cytosolic free Ca2+ levels and/or Ca2+ exchange across the oocyte plasma membrane, and (2) meiotic agonists (progesterone, insulin, D-600) and mitogens (sperm, ionophore A23187) modulate intracellular and/or membrane Ca2+ with the resulting changes in pHi and cAMP and resumption of the meiotic divisions. PMID- 6609723 TI - [Immunogenic, tissue-specific, antigenic determinants of thymocyte chromatin- firmly bound to nonhistone proteins]. AB - Rat thymocyte chromatin was dissolved in 1.0 or 2.0 M NaCl and the dissociated proteins were separated by ultracentrifugation or gel filtration on Sephadex G 200. Rabbit antibodies against tissue-specific antigenic determinants of thymus chromatin interact with "depleted" deoxynucleoproteins and not with dissociating proteins. The DNA complex with firmly bound proteins obtained in 2 M NaCl was treated with DNAase I; this treatment had no effect on proteins interaction with antibodies. Thus, tissue-specific antigenic determinants can be related to the most firmly bound nonhistone proteins. PMID- 6609722 TI - Induction of a substrate for casein kinase II during lymphocyte mitogenesis. AB - Particulate fractions prepared from concanavalin A-activated murine T lymphocytes contain an endogenous protein kinase that phosphorylates an endogenous protein substrate of Mr 112 000. The phosphorylation of 112 kDa protein is greatly reduced or absent in unstimulated T cells. Phosphoamino acid analysis indicates that 112 kDa protein is labeled on a serine. Add-back experiments using purified protein kinases indicate that 112 kDa protein serves as a substrate for casein kinase II. Phosphorylation of 112 kDa protein by the endogenous kinase is inhibited by heparin, a known casein kinase II inhibitor. The site or sites modified by the endogenous kinase and exogenous casein kinase II appear identical by peptide-mapping experiments. A time-course of the appearance of phosphorylated 112 kDa protein following stimulation with concanavalin A, measured in the presence or absence of added casein kinase II, suggests that 112 kDa protein is induced in activated T cells. Subcellular localization studies suggest that 112 kDa protein is a nuclear protein. Silver-binding and purification studies suggest that 112 kDa protein is of the nucleolar organizing region. PMID- 6609724 TI - [Effect of glycosphingolipids on the activity of natural killer cells]. AB - The effects of exogenous glycosphingolipids on the cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) cells and on the sensitivity of target cells were studied. Incubation of splenocytes with gangliosides of the hemato-series (GM3 and GD3) or with their precursor, LacCer, decreases the cytotoxic NK-activity, whereas some other acidic and neutral glycolipids do not possess such capability. On the other hand, incubation of target (YAC lymphoma) cells with glycolipids of the hemato-series increases the sensitivity of these cells to the cytotoxic action of NK-cells. A comparison of the ganglioside profiles of two YAC call lines differing in their NK-sensitivity revealed the presence of a GD3-like component in the highly sensitive cell line and the absence of this ganglioside in low sensitive target cells. It is assumed that gangliosides of the hemato-series are components of the acceptor complex on the surface of the target cells and that shedding of these gangliosides (especially, of GD3) by tumour cells is one possible mechanism of NK activity suppression during malignant growth. PMID- 6609725 TI - Effect of phototherapy on plasma 25(OH)-vitamin D in neonates. AB - The possibility that phototherapy may increase plasma levels of 25(OH)-vitamin D was assessed by measuring levels before and after 48 h continuous phototherapy using a standard phototherapy unit (Vickers, Basingstoke , England). There was no significant increase in plasma 25(OH)-vitamin D after 48 h phototherapy and it is concluded that such treatment does not stimulate photobiosynthesis of vitamin D. PMID- 6609726 TI - Is schizophrenia rare if grain is rare? AB - If, as hypothesized, neuroactive peptides from grain glutens are the major agents evoking schizophrenia in those with the genotype(s), it should be rare if grain is rare. To test this, we analyzed the results of our clinical examinations (e.g., kuru) and observations of anthropologists on peoples consuming little or no grain. Only two overtly insane chronic schizophrenics were found among over 65,000 examined or closely observed adults in remote regions of Papua New Guinea (PNG, 1950-1967) and Malaita , Solomon Islands (1980-1981), and on Yap , Micronesia (1947-1948). In preneuroleptic Europe over 130 would have been expected. When these peoples became partially westernized and consumed wheat, barley beer, and rice, the prevalence reached European levels. Our findings agree with previous epidemiologic and experimental results indicating that grain glutens are harmful to schizophrenics. PMID- 6609727 TI - Radial stiffness of frog skinned muscle fibers in relaxed and rigor conditions. AB - Radial stiffness in various conditions of mechanically skinned fibers of semitendinosus muscle of Rana catesbeiana was determined by compressing the fiber with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30, Mr = 40,000) in incubating solution. The change in width (D) of fibers with increasing and decreasing PVP concentrations was highly reproducible at a range 0-6% PVP. Radial stiffness of relaxed fibers was almost independent of the sarcomere length. On the other hand, radial stiffness of rigor fibers showed a linear relation against the sarcomere length. These results indicate that cross-bridge attachment would be a major factor in the increase of the radial stiffness. Radial stiffness of relaxed and rigor fibers was (2.14 +/- 0.52) X 10(4) N/m2 (mean +/- SD) and (8.76 +/- 2.04) X 10(4) N/m2, respectively, at the relative fiber width (D/D0) of 0.92, where D0 denotes the fiber width in the rigor solution at 0% PVP. Radial stiffness of a fiber in a rigor solution containing pyrophosphate (PPi) was between those of relaxed and rigor fibers, i.e., (4.76 +/- 0.86) X 10(4) N/m2 at D/Do of 0.92. In PPi and rigor solutions, radial stiffness reversibly increased to around 150 and 130%, respectively, in the presence of 10(-6) M Ca2+. To explain these results, especially the Ca2+-induced change in the radial stiffness, some factor in addition to the number of attached cross-bridges has to be taken into account. The variation of radial stiffness under various conditions will be discussed in relation to the possible manner of cross-bridge attachment. PMID- 6609728 TI - [Interaction of polyanion molecules with the plasma membrane of lymphocytes differing in density of charged groups on the cell surface]. AB - The authors studied the activation effect in vitro of polyanionic mitogen polyacrylic acid (PAA) on several types of mouse lymphocytes. The action of PAA was evaluated from an early effect on membrane (Na+, K+)- and Ca2+-ATPases. PAA was demonstrated to interact with the membrane of B cells from the spleen and immature T lymphocytes from the thymus, producing no effect on mature T cells from the spleen. The lack of the PAA effect on mature T lymphocytes was found to be linked with high density of negatively charged groups on the surface of these cells. Artificial lessening of the density of the negatively charged groups by the cleavage of the terminal N-acetylneuraminic residues with the aid neuraminidase leads to the change of mature T cells into PAA-sensitive ones. PMID- 6609729 TI - Expression of human B cell-associated antigens on leukemias and lymphomas: a model of human B cell differentiation. AB - A series of monoclonal antibodies that define B cell restricted and associated antigens was utilized in an attempt to characterize tumors of B lineage and to relate these tumors to B cell differentiative stages. Antigens that were previously shown to be B cell restricted on normal B lymphocytes were similarly expressed only on B cell malignancies. In contrast, antigens that were B cell associated were also found on tumors of other lineages. Moreover, on the basis of cell surface phenotypes, tumors of B cell origin were divided into three major subgroups, which corresponded to the level of differentiation of the malignant tumor cell: pre-B cell stage (non-T acute lymphoblastic leukemia and chronic myelocytic leukemia in lymphoid blast crisis); the mid-B cell stage (chronic lymphocytic leukemia, poorly differentiated lymphomas); and secretory B cell stage (large cell lymphomas and plasma cell tumors). A hypothetical model is derived that relates the malignant B cell to its normal cellular counterpart on the basis of cell surface expression of this panel of B cell-restricted and B cell-associated antigens. PMID- 6609730 TI - G6PD isoenzyme analysis of myeloid and lymphoid cells in human multilineage colonies. AB - Some multilineage hemopoietic colonies contain, in addition to myeloid cells, T lymphocytes. These proliferate extensively in liquid suspension culture under the influence of a T cell growth factor provided by phytohemagglutinin-T cell conditioned medium (PHA-TCM). The clonal origin of these myeloid and lymphoid components was investigated by determining the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) isoenzyme types of multilineage colonies grown from peripheral blood of 4 G6PD heterozygous normal volunteers. The G6PD assay is sufficiently sensitive to detect enzyme concentrations contributed by as few as 30 granulocytes and erythroblasts, 4-6 megakaryocytes, 2-3 macrophages, and 50-100 T cells. T cell components can be detected even if myeloid cells are present in 10-20-fold excess. A small number of multilineage colonies with T cells produced a single G6PD isoenzyme on direct analysis and after expansion in liquid culture. This observation supports the view of a common progenitor for myeloid and lymphoid cells in the peripheral blood of normal adults. PMID- 6609731 TI - Patterns of T cell subset alterations in myelo- and lymphoproliferative disorders. AB - Monoclonal antibody defined peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets have been evaluated in 61 patients with chronic haematologic malignancies (CLL, CML, Multiple Myeloma, Essential Thrombocythaemia and Mycosis Fungoides). Common patterns of alterations were evident in some groups of patients. Total T cells and helper T cells showed variable degrees of reduction in all of them, except the Mycosis Fungoides group. In CLL the decrease in total T cells was associated with an increase of cells expressing the Ia like antigen. Suppressor cells were reduced in all the groups studied, except in multiple myeloma. The possible clinical and pathogenetic relevance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 6609732 TI - [Application of far infrared rays combined with magnetic electrical stimulation through patient's meridians for treatment of sensitive nerve paralysis around lower labial menton area caused by tooth extraction]. PMID- 6609733 TI - Psychological adjustment to coronary artery surgery. AB - In a study of psychological adjustment to coronary artery bypass surgery 23 patients who underwent surgery were seen pre-operatively, prior to discharge and one year after surgery. A comparison sample of 19 patients not tested pre surgically was contacted by postal questionnaire one year post-operatively. An hierarchical grouping analysis carried out on seven outcome variables yielded a two-group solution for the study sample and this was replicated in the comparison sample. Group 1 indicated change for the better and Group 2 change for the worse since surgery. Discriminant function analysis of 23 pre-operative and operative variables for the first sample indicated ability to cope with stressful events and neuroticism were significant predictors of outcome. Patients in the comparison sample did not differ from the study sample in outcome measures, indicating no effect of assessment prior to operation for the study sample. PMID- 6609734 TI - [Effects of ethylenebisnitrosourea on the functions of murine lymphocytes]. PMID- 6609735 TI - [Use of the microcomputer in the Farnsworth-100 hue test]. PMID- 6609736 TI - Clinical features of optic neuritis standard examination techniques. PMID- 6609737 TI - Demyelinating optic neuropathy. Notes on clinical examination techniques. PMID- 6609738 TI - Effects of bepridil on the electrophysiological properties of guinea-pig ventricular muscles. AB - Effects of bepridil, a new antianginal and potential antiarrhythmic agent, on transmembrane action potentials of ventricular muscles were examined in isolated right ventricular papillary muscles of guinea-pig. Bepridil at concentrations above 5 X 10(-6)M caused a dose-dependent decrease in both the maximum upstroke velocity (Vmax) and the action potential duration from the upstroke to 30% repolarization ( APD30 ). On the other hand, the resting potential (RP), the amplitude of action potential (AMP), and the action potential duration from the upstroke to 90% repolarization ( APD90 ) were not affected even at the highest concentration applied (10(-5)M). The curves relating membrane potential and Vmax were shifted by bepridil at 5 X 10(-6)M along the voltage axis in the direction of more negative potentials. The recovery kinetics of Vmax assessed by premature stimuli were definitely slowed by bepridil at above 10(-6)M. This effect was more pronounced with higher [K+]o (10 mM) than normal [K+]o (5 mM). Bepridil at 5 X 10(-6)M caused a rate-dependent decrease of Vmax (use-dependent block) with rapid onset and offset, as did lidocaine. Slow responses, which had been induced by isoprenaline (5 X 10(-6)M) in K+-depolarized preparations, were suppressed significantly by additional application of bepridil at 10(-5)M. These findings suggest that bepridil has electrophysiological characteristics similar to those both of Class Ib and Class IV antiarrhythmic drugs. PMID- 6609739 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow during migraine attacks by Xenon-133 inhalation and emission tomography. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured by single photon emission tomography, using Xenon-133 inhalation during migraine attacks. The method yields images of three brain slices, depicting rCBF with a spatial resolution of 1.7 cm. Twelve patients with common migraine showed a normal cerebral blood flow pattern during an attack. Of 11 patients with classical migraine, 8 displayed a unilateral region of hypoperfusion, while 3 had a normal flow pattern. The focal decrease of blood flow average 17 per cent as compared with the symmetrical contralateral region. The localization of the blood flow reduction corresponded to the tomographic representation of the lateral aspect of the cortex in 8 patients, while in one patient the mesial aspect also appeared to be involved. The low-flow regions were always on the side opposite to the focal neurological symptoms. The hypoperfusion remained through the headache period for four to six hours. Regions of relative or absolute hyperaemia were not observed during headache of either form of migraine. Between attacks, rCBF was normal except in one patient who had a minor low-flow region in the insula. The cortical distribution of the vasomotor changes in classical migraine appeared unrelated to the distribution of major cerebral arteries and may represent a manifestation of disturbed cerebral metabolism, possibly the spreading depression of Leao. Since classical migraine in most cases was associated with intracranial blood flow changes while common migraine was not, the study was taken to support that these two forms of migraine may differ, not only on a clinical basis, but also on pathophysiological grounds. PMID- 6609740 TI - Conduction velocity varies with osmotically induced changes of the area of the axon's profile. AB - The conduction velocity of frog ischiadic nerves incubated in vitro in osmolarities between 220 and 1000 mOsm decreased with the degree of fiber shrinkage. The latter (non-circularity factor) was determined from computer assisted measurements in freeze-substituted or in chemically fixed fibers. Freeze substituted normal nerves had a non-circularity factor of 0.91 for fibers of all calibers, which likely reflects the in vivo state of the fiber population. Chemically fixed nerves had a non-circularity factor near 0.68, consistent with previous data. Non-circularity factors decreased with increasing osmolarities of the media, regardless of the type of tissue preparation. Conduction velocity decreased with decreasing non-circularity. Restoration of the nerves to normotonic media increased conduction velocity. The rates of change were accelerated in nerves chemically desheathed with Triton. The decrease in the conduction velocity in osmotically shrunken nerves did not correspond to changes in the absolute refractory period for the propagation of the impulse, used as a sensitive index of non-specific damage. These experimental observations corroborate data from computer simulation of relative sensitivities of nodal and internodal parameters. PMID- 6609741 TI - Neuronal events correlated with long-term adaptation of the horizontal vestibulo ocular reflex in the primate flocculus. AB - The activity of flocculus Purkinje cells was examined in Japanese monkeys during sustained vestibular-visual stimulation which caused adaptation of the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (H-VOR). In the floccular area related to the H-VOR by microstimulation. Purkinje cells consistently changed their simple spike responsiveness to head rotation in parallel with the adaptive H-VOR gain change. Similar changes occurred even after the H-VOR had been extinguished by lesioning of the vestibular nuclei. The complex spike discharge, on the other hand, modulated during vestibular-visual stimulation with a reciprocal pattern to the adaptive changes in the simple spike discharge. These results support the hypothesis that the flocculus adaptively modifies the H-VOR through their simple spike activity under the influence of visual climbing fiber signals. PMID- 6609742 TI - Different electrophysiological effects of testosterone on medial preoptic/anterior hypothalamic neurons have similar time courses. AB - The time courses of different electrophysiological effects of testosterone on a specific subpopulation of medial preoptic/anterior hypothalamic neurons and sexual behavior were measured in castrated rats. Testosterone reduced the absolute refractory period of those neurons projecting into the medial forebrain bundle with the same time course as it restored maximal responsiveness to orthodromic stimulation of either the lateral septum or the fimbria and sexual responses (5 days). The similar time-courses for these different electrophysiological effects of testosterone argue for a common mechanism of action. PMID- 6609743 TI - Transplantation of embryonic spinal and cerebral tissue to sciatic nerves of adult rats. AB - Neurons and glia in spinal or cerebral tissue removed from young rat embryos survived for months after subperineurial implantation in the sciatic nerve of isogenous rats. With HRP tracing, axons from a few grafted neurons were demonstrated to grow distally into host nerves. PMID- 6609744 TI - Increase in dopamine and DOPAC levels in noradrenergic terminals after electrical stimulation of the ascending noradrenergic pathways. AB - The effect of electrical stimulation of the ascending noradrenergic neurons on the formation of dopamine and its major deaminated metabolite dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the hippocampal formation, a predominantly noradrenaline-rich brain area, has been investigated in the rat. Electrical stimulation of the locus coeruleus or ascending noradrenergic pathways caused a pronounced increase in hippocampal dopamine and DOPAC levels which paralleled the increase in free and conjugated dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol levels. The elevation of hippocampal DOPAC was no longer seen after chemical lesion of the noradrenergic pathways. It is suggested that the enhanced formation of dopamine and DOPAC in hopocampal noradrenergic terminals under conditions of increased noradrenergic impulse flow may be connected to an inefficient beta-hydroxylation of dopamine to noradrenaline with a subsequent oxidative deamination of dopamine into its degradation products. PMID- 6609745 TI - Age-related alterations in dopamine and norepinephrine activity within microdissected brain regions of ovariectomized Long Evans rats. AB - The ability of several stimuli which augment central catecholamine (CA) neuronal activity to reinitiate estrous cycles in old constant estrous (CE) rats suggests CA neuronal function is impaired with advanced age. We examined the effects of age on dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) levels and turnover rates within microdissected brain regions of previously normally cycling young (3-4 months old) and middle-aged (10 months old) and CE old (20-22 months old) Long Evans 2 weeks after ovariectomy. Steady-state DA concentrations were significantly decreased in old compared to young rats in the nucleus accumbens (34%), anterior hypothalamic nucleus (54%, NHA ), neurointermediate pituitary lobe (51%, NIL) and median eminence (74%, ME). The rate constant of DA loss, an estimate of neuronal activity, decreased in old versus young rats only in the preoptic area suprachiasmatica (60%, POAs ) and NHA (60%) and was unchanged or augmented in the 7 other regions. In contrast, a decline in DA turnover rate of 29-67% was observed in 6 of 9 regions in middle-aged rats and 45-81% in 5 of 9 regions in old rats. Steady-state NE concentrations similarly were significantly decreased in old versus young rats in the POAs (54%), medial forebrain bundle (44%), nucleus suprachiasmatica (49%) and ME (59%). The rate constant of NE loss progressively decreased with increasing age only in the POAs and was unchanged or augmented in other regions. Turnover rate of NE was decreased from 21 to 98% in 4 of 8 regions from old animals. A strong positive correlation was noted between the rate constant of NE (but not DA) loss measured in young rats and the magnitude of the age-related depletion in NE concentrations within specific brain regions. Collectively these data indicate that with increasing age: CA neuronal function is differentially altered in nuclei located along the preoptico-tuberal pathway; substantial declines in both DA and NE concentrations are the primary contributor to the reduced amine turnover noted in several of these regions; and the observed age-related alterations in CA turnover may contribute to impaired LH response and the persistent hyperprolactinemia in old CE rats. PMID- 6609746 TI - Regeneration of serotonergic fibers in the rat hypothalamus following unilateral 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine injection. AB - The time course of degeneration and regeneration of serotonin (5-HT) fibers in the rat hypothalamus was studied with 5-HT immunocytochemistry and [3H]5-HT uptake following unilateral injections of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) into the dorsolateral hypothalamus. Within 3 days of the lesion, 5-HT fibers in the ipsilateral hypothalamus were swollen and darkly stained for 5-HT. In the contralateral hypothalamus few swollen fibers were apparent and these were generally restricted to the area adjacent to the fornix. Swollen 5-HT fibers were evident in the ipsilateral hypothalamus 3-19 days post-lesion in the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) during which time there was a gradual decrease in their density. In the medial and periventricular areas of the ipsilateral hypothalamus there were essentially no 5-HT fibers 7-30 days post-lesion. Sprouting 5-HT fibers were observed 12-19 days post-lesion. Thirty days post-lesion the density of 5-HT fibers in the MFB appeared normal; however, medial and periventricular areas remained denervated. Fifty days post-lesion there was an apparent bilateral hyperinnervation in the lateral and dorsomedial hypothalamic areas of 5,7-DHT injected animals as compared to sham-injected animals. The morphological data were paralleled by changes in [3H]5-HT uptake. Seven days post-lesion specific high affinity uptake was reduced to 27% of sham in the ipsilateral hypothalamus and to 53% of sham in the contralateral hypothalamus. By 50 days post-lesion, specific high affinity uptake of [3H]5-HT was 141% of sham in the ipsilateral hypothalamus and 96% of sham in the contralateral hypothalamus. PMID- 6609747 TI - Accessory innervation of mandibular anterior teeth in cats: a horseradish peroxidase study. AB - In 10 cats, an ipsilateral section of the inferior alveolar nerve was performed following which horseradish peroxidase was deposited in cavity preparations of either ipsicentral incisors (8) or canines (2). The animals were sacrificed in 24 h, and the ipsilateral nerve to mylohyoid and both semilunar ganglia were prepared histochemically for observation. Labeled axons were found in 6 of 8 cats, whose incisors were prepared, and 4 of the 6 had labeled ganglion cells. In the two remaining cats with incisor preparations, no labeled ganglion cells were found; however, labeled axons were found in the mylohyoid nerve. Neither labeled axons or cells were found in those cats whose canines were prepared. One case of cross-innervation was noted. These results suggest that in addition to the inferior alveolar nerve, the nerve to mylohyoid and possibly other accessory neural pathways are involved in incisor innervation in cats. PMID- 6609749 TI - Presence of a blood-nerve barrier within blood vessels of frog sciatic nerve. AB - The morphological correlates of protein permeability in endoneurial blood vessels of the frog sciatic nerve were investigated. The endothelial cells of these vessels possess numerous free and anastomosing vesicles at both their lumenal and ablumenal surfaces. The cells are joined by junctions characterized by one or two areas of membrane apposition. However, vesicular transport, transcellular channels or open junctions are not found. The protein tracers horseradish peroxidase and microperoxidase remained confined in the vessels after intravascular injection. Likewise, if injected into the endoneurium, horseradish peroxidase did not enter the vascular lumen. The endothelium of frog endoneurial blood vessels forms an effective barrier to protein tracers. PMID- 6609748 TI - Effects of rewarding hypothalamic stimulation on plasma catecholamine levels in rats. AB - Plasma catecholamines were measured before, during and after exposure to lick contingent rewarding hypothalamic stimulation, clock-triggered neutral hypothalamic stimulation, and licking maintained by water. Rewarding hypothalamic stimulation elicited a marked rise in plasma epinephrine levels which returned to baseline levels 3 min after the self-stimulation session. No changes in plasma epinephrine were observed under the latter two conditions. Increases in norepinephrine levels were more variable and seemed to correspond to motor activity being similar in the licking groups but unchanged with clock-triggered stimulation. These results indicate that stimulation of reward pathways may selectively influence adreno-medullary secretion. PMID- 6609750 TI - Brain reward circuitry: a case for separate systems. AB - Anatomical, lesion and pharmacological data pertaining to intracranial self stimulation are reviewed in the context of multiple independent substrates of brain-stimulation reward. Subsystems related to chemosensitive pathways, motor control and mood are identified. Forebrain dopamine pathways are recognized to be important components of two separate subsystems of reward. Nigrostriatal DA neurons are linked to an extrapyramidal circuit with reinforcement derived from response initiation and it is conjectured that the meso-limbic DA pathway is related to the control and perception of positive affect. Other candidate systems include a trigeminal system in the hind brain that may function independently from forebrain substrates of reward. PMID- 6609751 TI - Brain reward circuitry: four circuit elements "wired" in apparent series. AB - Activation of a variety of anatomically distinct sites in the central nervous system can produce rewarding states. Four central reward phenomena are amphetamine injections into nucleus accumbens, morphine injections into the ventral tegmental area, electrical stimulation of the ventral tegmental area, and electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamic medial forebrain bundle. Current evidence suggests that these four rewarding events trigger activity in elements of a common reward circuit and that the elements are connected in series. The four partially identified elements in this circuit are (1) descending, fast-recovering, short refractory period fibers of the medial forebrain bundle, (2) separate, opioid peptide-containing afferents to the ventral tegmental area, (3) the dopaminergic cells projecting from the ventral tegmental area to nucleus accumbens, and (4) the dopaminoceptive cells of nucleus accumbens. PMID- 6609752 TI - Vasopressin in reaggregated cell cultures of the developing hypothalamus. AB - A microsystem for rotation-mediated aggregate cell culture studies has been devised to examine vasopressin (VP) biosynthesis of developing rat hypothalamus. Trypsin-dispersed hypothalamic tissue was placed into 24 well tissue culture dishes and VP content of culture medium and cells was measured over time by a radioimmunoassay. Reaggregates formed within 4 hr when rotated at 70 rpm in a humid CO2 incubator. Nineteen days post coitus (dpc) hypothalamic reaggregates had 336 pg VP/10(6) cells while the medium showed 260 pg VP/ml after four days. Measurable VP was seen in fetal tissue after ten days while comparable amounts of VP were present in one day neonatal hypothalamus over this same period. Morphological examination of reaggregates indicated the presence of viable cells throughout the cell mass after ten days of culture. Co-cultivation studies with dispersed posterior pituitary indicated that reaggregates from one day neonate hypothalamus had significantly increased VP levels when co-cultured with one day neonatal posterior pituitary; however, this effect was not seen with 19 dpc co cultures. These data demonstrate that development of neurosecretory activity of discrete regions of the hypothalamus can be examined early in vitro in a reaggregate cell culture system. PMID- 6609753 TI - The prevalence and seriousness of incestuous abuse: stepfathers vs. biological fathers. AB - Analysis of interviews obtained from a random sample of 930 adult women in San Francisco revealed that 17% or one out of approximately every six women who had a stepfather as a principal figure in her childhood years, was sexually abused by him. The comparable figures for biological fathers were 2% or one out of approximately 40 women. In addition, when a distinction was made between Very Serious Sexual Abuse (including experiences ranging from forced penile-vaginal penetration to non-forceful attempted fellatio, cunnilingus , and anal intercourse) and other less serious forms, 47% of the cases of sexual abuse by stepfathers were at the Very Serious level of violation compared with 26% by biological fathers. Possible explanations for these starting discrepancies are discussed, and some of the implications for remarriage are considered. PMID- 6609754 TI - Sexual abuse in the National Incidence Study of Child Abuse and Neglect: an appraisal. AB - The National Incidence Study of Child Abuse and Neglect was a major, government sponsored effort to collect data on reported and unreported child abuse. It used a systematic representative sample methodology and very precisely developed definitions of child abuse. This paper review some of the main limitations of the study in regard to findings on sexual abuse. First, there is probably less "new" data in the study on sexual abuse than on other forms of abuse, since so many of the study cases of sexual abuse were "officially reported' cases. In addition, the study limited its definition of sexual abuse only to cases where a caretaker was the perpetrator , a definition that is much more restrictive than what is used in many treatment programs. Finally, the data on perpetrators has a number of problems that stem from the study's definitions of sexual abuse. The paper makes suggestions for future incidence type studies of sexual abuse. PMID- 6609755 TI - How much of a problem is resident mistreatment in child welfare institutions? AB - The purpose of this article is to provide information developed since 1980 by the Institutional Child Protection Project about the size and significance of the problem of mistreatment in child welfare residential institutions. In the 1,700 facilities surveyed, there are about 69,000 children and youths. Rates of utilization vary among Health and Human Services (H.H.S.) regions from 8 per 10,000 to 19 per 10,000 children and youths in the population. The average rate is 12 per 10,000. In 1961 this rate was estimated at 10 per 10,000. About 2,700 complaints were reported by facilities to the survey for 1979. Complaint rates range by H.H.S. region from 25 per 1,000 to 55 per 1,000 children and youth in care. The average complaint rate per 1,000 residents in care was 39. Observations of site visitors suggest that only one out of five complainable situations may be reported to child protection agencies. A list of complainable occurrences that came to the attention of site visitors is included to document the problem. An additional effort to assess the significance of this issue is made by comparing intrafamilial complaint rates with rates reported by child welfare facilities. The authors believe residential complaint rates may be twice as large as intrafamilial complaint rates. PMID- 6609756 TI - Aniline hydroxylation and 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation activities in solubilized and partially resolved liver cytochromes P-450 from ethanol-fed rats. AB - Chronic ethanol administration in female rats enhances the apparent molar activity of liver microsomes for aniline hydroxylation and 7-ethoxycoumarin O deethylation. Microsomal cytochromes P-450 from ethanol-fed and control rats have been solubilized and partially resolved in six fractions by anion-exchange chromatography. Induction of aniline hydroxylase activity by ethanol was associated with marked increases in the turnover numbers of the more basic cytochrome P-450 containing fractions in a reconstituted aniline hydroxylation system. Cytochrome P-450, exhibiting by far the highest 7-ethoxycoumarin O deethylase activity, was eluted in a relatively acidic fraction; its turnover number with 7-ethoxycoumarin after ethanol consumption, however, did not differ significantly from that of the corresponding fraction from control microsomes. These observations suggest that induction of liver microsomal mixed function oxidases by ethanol may reflect the contribution of more than one cytochrome P 450 isozyme. PMID- 6609757 TI - Effects of crystalloid and blood cardioplegic solutions on myocardial cooling during myocardial revascularization. AB - Cardioplegic protection during ischemic arrest is impaired in patients with serious coronary artery disease, resulting in large regional temperature gradients and impaired myocardial cooling. Recent data have suggested that the viscosity of cardioplegic solutions may affect their distribution beyond coronary artery stenosis. This study compared the effects of asanguineous and blood cardioplegic solutions on myocardial cooling in 26 such patients who underwent elective myocardial revascularization; 15 were subjected to blood cardioplegia and 11 to crystalloid cardioplegia. One litre of blood or asanguineous cardioplegic solution was infused into the aortic root at a constant infusion pressure. Samples for viscosity determination were taken from both cardioplegic solutions during their infusion. Regional myocardial temperature was measured distal to coronary artery obstructions following administration of the cardioplegic agent. Although the viscosity of the blood solution was 250% greater than the asanguineous solution, regional myocardial temperatures were not significantly different beyond the coronary artery stenosis. Regional temperature was reduced to less than 15 degrees C after infusion of the cardioplegic agent in regional myocardium with a normal coronary circulation. Marked temperature gradients were observed distal to a critical stenosis, with temperatures ranging between 18 degrees C and 20 degrees C for stenosis, and about 23 degrees C for obstruction. The authors conclude that the marked difference in viscosity between crystalloid and blood cardioplegic solutions does not significantly affect their distribution beyond a coronary artery stenosis. PMID- 6609758 TI - Effect on immunologic and other indices of adjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy including melphalan in breast cancer. AB - Thirty patients with histologically proven node-positive early breast cancer (Stage II) were treated by total mastectomy and axillary clearance and adjuvant chemotherapy regimens including melphalan for 1 year. These patients were studied sequentially, at 3-month intervals, for up to 2 years to assess effects of cytotoxic drugs on immune function, and to determine whether any changes in immune function were related to recurrence. All indices were in the normal range before chemotherapy. The most marked and long-lasting effects of chemotherapy were on numbers of circulating T-cells and B-cells. Mean counts +/- one standard error (X 10(6)/ml) for T-cells before and 12 months after stopping chemotherapy were 1.537 +/- 0.118 and 0.874 +/- 0.120 (P less than 0.01), and for B-cells 0.345 +/- 0.060 and 0.207 +/- 0.030 (P less than 0.01). Functional indices of T cell and B-cell competence were less compromised than values for cell counts and, in contrast, recovery occurred either during or within 3 months of stopping chemotherapy. This held for both T-cell function measured by delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responsiveness to five recall antigens and mitogenic responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin, and for B-cell function measured by titration of blood group isohemagglutinins. After 4 years the 30 subjects were divided into groups according to whether there was recurrence of cancer (14) or no recurrence (16); the only index predictive of recurrence was depression of DTH to recall antigens. Thus it was found that cytotoxic chemotherapy with melphalan appears to cause long-lasting depression of cell counts but only short-lasting depression of functional indices of immunocompetence, and that levels of immunologic indices during chemotherapy are mostly nonpredictive of recurrence of cancer. The results prompt some caution in the use of adjuvant chemotherapy, at least with melphalan. PMID- 6609759 TI - Unusual clinical courses of adult T-cell leukemia in siblings. AB - Two siblings who developed adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) with unusual clinical courses are presented. The brother showed spontaneous remissions at the beginning stage of the disease of 6 years' duration, and the sister remains free of complaints for 6 years without chemotherapy. The patients and 2 of 12 healthy members of their family examined had serum antibodies against ATL-associated antigens (ATLA). The expression of ATLA was observed in the cultured lymphocytes from the patients and one of the family members. PMID- 6609760 TI - Does multisomy of chromosome 1q confer a proliferative advantage in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia? AB - Two patients fulfilled the clinical and hematologic criteria for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: the malignant cells had L3 morphology, bore B-cell markers, and carried the specific t(8;14) translocation. The leukemic cells of one patient were tetrasomic for 1q, and those of the other patient showed several separate cell lines with complete or partial trisomy of 1q. In the latter patient it appeared that a break close to the heterochromatin of 1q produced an unstable chromosome end which formed associations with the telomeres of at least seven other chromosomes. It is suggested that multisomy of 1q gives tumor cells a proliferative advantage and is secondary to the basic neoplastic event. PMID- 6609761 TI - Gaucher's disease and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Possible pathogenetic link between Gaucher's disease and B-cell proliferations? AB - The authors report a case of Gaucher's disease with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The diagnosis of Gaucher's disease was confirmed by electron microscopy and glucocerebrosidase assay. There may be a pathogenetic link between Gaucher's disease and B-cell proliferation. PMID- 6609762 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance scanning: new wave imaging modality. PMID- 6609763 TI - Cytogenetic studies in a case of T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia. AB - The authors describe cytogenetic aberrations observed in a case of T prolymphocytic leukemia. C11 deletion (q14) B5 deletion (pter), D14q +, E20 trisomy, and two markers are the main anomalies of the complement. PMID- 6609764 TI - Improved therapeutic index with high-dose methotrexate: comparison of thymidine purine rescue with citrovorum factor rescue in mice. AB - Two biochemically different rescue agents, citrovorum factor (CF) and thymidine inosine-allopurinol (TIA), were compared in an attempt to identify the mechanism for the increased therapeutic index achieved with high-dose methotrexate (MTX) plus rescue. Both CF and TIA were capable of protecting mice from MTX dosages up to 2000 mg/kg. Treatment of L1210-bearing mice with 2000 mg/kg MTX plus CF or TIA produced a 70 and 100% increase in life span, respectively, compared with 29% increase in life span achieved with the maximally tolerated dose of MTX alone. Bioassay of surviving peritoneal L1210 cells showed that a 4.5-log tumor kill occurred 24 hr after 2000 mg/kg MTX, while 400 mg/kg MTX produced only a 2-log cell kill. This differential tumor kill in the 4-hr period after MTX and prior to the onset of rescue accounted for the observed increase in animal survival times. In addition, treatment with 2000 mg/kg MTX resulted in a one-log-greater tumor kill of cells metastasized to the brain than did treatment with 400 mg/kg MTX. Following 2000 mg/kg MTX, additional tumor kill, as measured by bioassay, occurred during the period of TIA rescue but not during CF rescue, which was consistent with the observed differences in survival times between CF- and TIA rescued mice. DNA synthesis in tumor and host tissue, as measured by the rate of [3H]dCyd incorporation into DNA, was cyclic after TIA administration but not after CF administration. The cyclic nature of DNA recovery in TIA-treated mice paralleled plasma kinetics of thymidine. It is postulated that " thymineless " intervals created by the rapid disappearance of thymidine resulted in inhibition of DNA synthesis and additional tumor cell kill during TIA rescue. Normal tissue did not appear to be adversely affected by exposure to these " thymineless " intervals. PMID- 6609765 TI - Role of the cellular oxidation-reduction state in methotrexate binding to dihydrofolate reductase and dissociation induced by reduced folates. AB - 5-Formyltetrahydrofolate promotes the net dissociation of methotrexate bound to dihydrofolate reductase in the Ehrlich ascites tumor (L. H. Matherly et al., Cancer Res., 43: 2694-2699, 1983). Treatment of Ehrlich tumor cells with glucose or inhibitors of electron transfer stabilized the association of the antifolate with dihydrofolate reductase as reflected by a 2-fold increased fraction of dihydrofolate reductase-bound methotrexate and an abolition of the 5 formyltetrahydrofolate-induced dissociation of the inhibitor-enzyme complex. Glucose and azide were also found to increase the intracellular ratio of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) to oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) in the tumor approximately 8- and 11-fold, respectively. However, other agents which enhanced the association between methotrexate and its target enzyme were less effective in increasing the intracellular level of NADPH relative to NADP+. Micromolar concentrations of NADPH promoted methotrexate binding to the purified Ehrlich tumor dihydrofolate reductase. Bound methotrexate could be dissociated from the purified enzyme by 5 methyltetrahydrofolate but less readily by 5-formyltetrahydrofolate and only in the presence of reduced levels of NADPH relative to NADP+. The tetraglutamate derivative of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate was even more effective than the underivatized compound in dissociating methotrexate from dihydrofolate reductase. These findings suggest a critical role for the cellular oxidation-reduction state in determining the affinity of dihydrofolate reductase for methotrexate and thus the cellular sensitivity to the antifolate. In addition, the data are consistent with the possibility that dihydrofolate reductase is a key locus for intracellular competitive interactions between reduced folates and methotrexate during leucovorin rescue from the pharmacological effects of the antifolate. PMID- 6609766 TI - Blocking of the response by human T-lymphocytes to extracts of autologous cancer by monoclonal antibody to Class-I major histocompatibility complex gene products in the leukocyte adherence inhibition assay. AB - In the leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay, about 34% of adherent T-cells from patients with breast cancer exhibit nonadherence to glass when incubated with extracts of autologous cancer but not with HLA-A, -B, and -C mismatched extracts of breast cancer. To determine whether the recognition by T-cells of tumor antigen was major histocompatibility complex restricted, major histocompatibility complex antigens in the cancer extracts or on the T-cells were coated with monoclonal antibody (MAb) to nonpolymorphic determinants. Nonadherence of T-cells was antagonized by coating the target cancer extracts with MAb to a common framework determinant of Class I HLA-A, -B, and -C antigens or to the nonpolymorphic beta 2-microglobulin, which is noncovalently associated with Class I antigens. By contrast, a MAb to a monomorphic determinant on HLA-DR antigens did not change the positive T-cell response. Moreover, coating the T cells with MAb to HLA-A, -B, and -C did not inhibit the positive T-cell response. The positive LAI response of buffy coat peripheral blood leukocytes from patients with breast cancer to extracts of allogeneic breast cancer was not affected by coating the cancer extracts with the same MAb, indicating that MAb inhibited T cell LAI specifically and that the antibody-dependent LAI response of buffy coat peripheral blood leukocytes was not major histocompatibility complex restricted. The results indicate that HLA-A, -B, and -C antigens in extracts of autologous breast cancer restrict the LAI response to tumor antigens of T-cells from patients with breast cancer. PMID- 6609767 TI - Characterization of L5178Y cell phenotypes isolated during progression of the tumor-dormant state in DBA2 mice. AB - During the course of the L5178Y tumor-dormant state in DBA/2 mice, there is continual selection of a tumor cell subpopulation ("emergent" phenotype) from the uncloned original L5178Y population used to initiate the tumor-dormant state. In vivo and in vitro experiments show that the emergent-phenotype tumor cells are less capable than "original"-phenotype cells, which constitute the majority of the L5178Y cell inoculum, of restimulating cytolytic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity in tumor-dormant mice and are less susceptible to lysis by those CTL. Both original- and emergent-phenotype tumor cells are capable of eliciting an immune CTL response in naive mice, but again emergent-phenotype cells are poorly lysed by this response. As a consequence of these characteristics, emergent-phenotype cells rapidly form ascitic tumors when used as a challenge in L5178Y cell immunized mice and cannot establish a tumor-dormant state. Results presented here and in previous publications indicate that CTLs are the major host cells involved in the selection of emergent-phenotype L5178Y cells during the course of the tumor-dormant state. Heterogeneity of the tumor cell challenge inoculum is important in establishing the L5178Y tumor-dormant state. The state, once established, is maintained by an immune CTL response which is continuously being restimulated by the strongly immunogenic original-phenotype L5178Y cells. The tumor-dormant state terminates when the less immunogenic and more immunoresistant emergent-phenotype tumor cells predominate and escape the waning immune response. PMID- 6609768 TI - Pharmacokinetics of the diastereoisomers of leucovorin after intravenous and oral administration to normal subjects. AB - After i.v. administration of d,l-, 1-5-formyltetrahydrofolate (d,l-CHO-THF) CHO THF was rapidly cleared from the plasma by conversion to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-CH3-THF) and urinary excretion, whereas d-CHO-THF, which was not metabolized and was slowly excreted in the urine, persisted in plasma at concentrations greatly exceeding those of l-CHO-THF and 5-CH3-THF. The plasma half-life (beta) of the unnatural (d) isomer was 451 +/- 24 (S.E.) min compared to 31.6 +/- 1.1 min for the natural (l) isomer, and 227 +/- 20 min for its active metabolite, 5 CH3-THF. The half-lives and volumes of distribution of each of the three compounds were independent of dose over a range of 25 to 100 mg, indicating that mechanisms for distribution, metabolism, and excretion are not saturable over the dose range tested. The urinary clearance of l-CHO-THF or 5-CH3-THF differed only slightly from creatinine clearance, whereas urinary clearance of d-CHO-THF was only one-fifth creatinine clearance, indicating that d-CHO-THF was extensively reabsorbed. Absorption of d,l-CHO-THF after p.o. administration was stereoselective in that absorption of the l-isomer was approximately 5 times that of the d isomer. Thus, p.o. administration resulted in a more favorable ratio of active to inactive folates in plasma. At a dose of 25 mg, absorption approached 100% for l-CHO-THF compared to 20% for d-CHO-THF. However, absorption was saturable, and lower percentages of both compounds were absorbed at doses of 50 and 100 mg. PMID- 6609769 TI - Pharmacokinetics of positron-labeled 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)nitrosourea in human brain tumors using positron emission tomography. AB - The nitrosoureas are widely used in the chemotherapy of brain tumors, two of the most common being 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)nitrosourea and 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3 cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea. However, we do not understand how these compounds work, nor do we know which part of the molecule has antitumor activity. In six patients with brain tumor, we measured the kinetic behavior of positron-labeled 1,3-bis(2 chloroethyl)nitrosourea in both the tumor and the normal brain with the aid of positron emission tomography; we also analyzed the distribution of radioactivity in plasma. We found the clearance of total radioactivity from the tumor to be significantly slower than from the contralateral brain and plasma, indicating a different rate of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)nitrosourea decomposition in the tumor than in normal brain. PMID- 6609771 TI - The effect of beta-lactamase stability, penetration, and target affinity on the activity of cefazolin, cefamandole, cefoxitin, and cefuroxime. AB - Four beta-lactam antibiotics, cefazolin, cefamandole, cefoxitin, and cefuroxime, were tested for their ability to penetrate the bacterial cell wall, to inhibit target proteins, and to resist degradation by beta-lactamase enzymes. Cefuroxime was the only tested antibiotic that performed well in all three categories. PMID- 6609770 TI - Association of circulating immune complexes with cytogenetic abnormalities but not with prognosis in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. AB - Sera from 91 adult acute nonlymphocytic leukemia patients were tested for circulating immune complexes by the C1q binding test. In 42 patients tested prior to the initiation of therapy, C1q binding activity was inversely correlated with leukemic infiltrate of the bone marrow (rs = -0.34, p less than 0.02), but it was not related to peripheral white blood cell count or presence of infection. Patients with abnormal C1q binding activities (greater than 6%) were more likely to have cytogenetic abnormalities in their bone marrow (p = 0.02); the most frequent abnormality was an extra No. 8 chromosome. The median survival of 8 patients with abnormal values was 1.5 months as compared to 7.8 months in 34 patients with normal values. However, the C1q binding test did not identify patients likely to achieve remission; and after remission was achieved, it did not identify those likely to relapse. Differences between these findings and those recently published by other investigators are discussed. PMID- 6609772 TI - Activation of ras genes in human tumors does not affect localization, modification, or nucleotide binding properties of p21. AB - A comparison of proteins encoded by normal human ras genes and by mutant rasH or rasK genes activated in human carcinomas revealed no changes in subcellular localization, posttranslational modification, or guanine nucleotide binding associated with activation. Subcellular fractionation indicated that both normal and activated ras proteins were associated exclusively with the membrane fraction. Furthermore, both normal and activated ras proteins exhibited similar degrees of posttranslational acylation. The KD for dGTP binding was 1.0-2.2 X 10( 8) M, with no consistent differences between normal and activated ras proteins. In addition, a survey of 13 possible competing nucleotides revealed no differences in the specificity of nucleotide binding associated with ras gene activation. These results indicate that structural mutations which activate ras gene transforming activity do not alter the protein's known biochemical parameters and in particular do not affect the protein's intrinsic ability to bind guanine nucleotides. PMID- 6609773 TI - Immunologic reactivity to TNP-Ficoll during development and ageing in Xenopus laevis, the South African clawed toad. AB - The immunological response of Xenopus laevis to haptenated Ficoll was examined throughout development. The capacity to respond to TNP-Ficoll originated with the first appearance (at stage 48, 8 days post-fertilisation) of mature thymic lymphocytes, and preceded the ability to respond to heterologous erythrocytes. During premetamorphosis the response increased, while during prometamorphosis , particularly at stages 57-58, there was a marked reduction. The response recovered during the metamorphic climax and immature adult stages, increasing further at the onset of sexual maturity. The reduced response during prometamorphosis parallels the reported reduction in other thymus-dependent responses. PMID- 6609774 TI - Mitogenic and mitogenically defective phytohemagglutinin isolectins stimulate T cell growth factor (interleukin 2) production and response in fresh and cultured human T lymphocytes. AB - L4-PHA (L4) and E4-PHA (E4) lectins isolated from Phaseolus vulgaris have different mitogenic properties. The mechanisms of the differences in mitogenic behavior were sought in the interaction of lectin, lymphocyte subsets, and T-cell growt factor (TCGF) also known as interleukin 2 (IL-2). TCGF activity in culture supernatants ( L4S ; E4S ) from L4- and E4-stimulated, freshly isolated lymphocytes was assayed as stimulation of DNA synthesis in TCGF-dependent continuous T-cell cultures (CTC). E4S contained less TCGF than did L4S . Addition of partially purified TCGF does not increase the stimulation of fresh lymphocytes by L4 or E4. L4 and E4 equally stimulate both helper (OKT4+) and suppressor (OKT8+) cells. The ability of L4 to further stimulate CTC is slowly lost (15 greater than 30 greater than 45 days). It is concluded that production of TCGF is not rate limiting in E4 and L4 stimulation of lymphocytes. The growth of CTC, which requires the presence of TCGF, remains sensitive to, but not dependent on, L4 for at least 30 days. PMID- 6609775 TI - Human autologous rosettes. IV. Their relation with interleukin 2 activity production and natural killer cells in cancer patients. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of solid-tumor-bearing cancer patients produced a lower interleukin 2 (IL-2) activity after lectin stimulation than did those from normal subjects. Moreover natural killer (NK) cell activity and autologous rosette forming (ARF) cell rate are found significantly correlated with IL-2 production in these patients. No direct relation is observed between ARF cell ratio and NK cell activity in a given patient. A central role for IL-2 in cancer patient immune dysfunctions is suggested. Two lines of pathogenetic mechanisms are documented. First, PBL exhibited cellular function defects, namely, autologous receptor expression, IL-2 production, and NK activity. Second, these dysfunctions involved, at least partly, plasma factors. The possibility of specific deficiency, (e.g., thymic factors) is not documented. Conversely it is demonstrated that patient plasma contain immunosuppressive factor(s) that block(s) IL-2 production and ARF cell expression. Involvement of ARF cell receptor in T-cell activation is discussed. PMID- 6609776 TI - Interaction of gangliosides with B cells in splenic fragment cultures. AB - The effect of gangliosides upon murine adult B cells at the single precursor cell level was examined using the splenic focus assay. Adult B cells were stimulated in in vitro organ fragment culture by a hapten-modified carrier protein in the presence of an excess of carrier-primed T cells. The addition of a potential tolerogen in the form of antigen coupled to a carrier not previously presented to the T cells resulted in a temporary unresponsiveness of the onset of antibody production in adult B cells, but not a permanent state of tolerance. This delay could be eliminated by the addition of purified murine gangliosides during the presentation of the hapten coupled to the unrecognized carrier. The ganglioside preparation was fractionated by ion-exchange chromatography and the active fraction was found to be a disialoganglioside. These results suggest that the ganglioside may interfere with membrane receptor-related events occurring during or after antigen binding or cross-linking to responding B cells. PMID- 6609778 TI - Antigen-presenting cells in the proliferative T lymphocyte response in vitro: different mechanisms of antigen handling. PMID- 6609777 TI - Differential effects of age on mitotically active and inactive bone marrow stem cells and splenic T cells in mice. AB - Young and old BALB/c mice and thymectomized young mice were subjected to continuous exposure of 6-thioguanine (6-TG), and the numbers of their bone marrow spleen colony-forming units (CFU-S) and in vitro culture colony-forming units (CFU-C) and the number and mitogen-induced proliferative activity of their splenic T cells were determined at various time intervals. The results indicated that (a) old mice have seven times more 6-TG-resistant (6-TGr) CFU-S than young mice, (b) the mitogen-induced proliferative activity of 6-TGr T cells is comparable to that of 6-TG-sensitive (6-TGs) T cells of both young and old mice, and (c) 6-TGr CFU-S and T cells are resistant to 6-TG because they are mitotically inactive and not because they are drug-resistant mutants. PMID- 6609779 TI - Isolation and functional property of mRNAs coding for human interleukin 2. AB - Interleukin 2 (IL 2) is a lymphokine with specific growth promoting properties for activated T cells. The isolation and purification of specific mRNAs coding for this protein is reported. The analysis of total poly A + containing RNA from PHA stimulated T lymphocytes on agarose gels reveals the existence of at least two different IL-2 mRNAs. Isolated RNAs have been microinjected separately into Xenopus laevis oocytes for translation and consecutively the synthesized proteins were tested for activity on alloactivated T cell lines which were dependent on IL 2 for growth. Both RNAs coded for a protein which displayed clearly detectable IL 2 activity. PMID- 6609781 TI - [Pathology in the Republic of Vanuatu]. AB - The archipelago of Vanuatu is located in the South-West Pacific at 2,000 km, East of Australia. The so-called "current" pathology is similar to the one met in Europe. Because of its geographical location, a tropical pathology is to be found with a prevalence of Malaria, intestinal nematodoses and filariases ( Wuchereria bancrofti). Leprosy , dengue, ciguatera, eosinophilic meningitis as well as Tokeleau bring its originality to this pathology. PMID- 6609780 TI - A granulocyte colony-stimulating factor from serum-free cultures of RSP-2 X P 3 cells: its separation from a macrophage colony-stimulating factor and its biological and molecular characterization. AB - A granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was highly purified from the serum-free culture medium of RSP -2 X P3 cells. The G-CSF had an apparent molecular weight of 33,000 as determined by high speed gel permeation chromatography, but its molecular weight was decreased to 15,000 by 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate. A small amount of monocyte/macrophage CSF (M-CSF) also was separated from the same medium. The production of this M-CSF was increased markedly by bacterial lipopolysaccharides. The M-CSF had an apparent molecular weight of 77,000 in the absence of 0.1% SDS and 49,000 in its presence. The G-CSF was stable against 5 mM dithiothreitol, whereas the M-CSF was slowly inactivated. The two CSFs also differed in their heat-stability and resistance to trypsin. Neuraminidase changed the isoelectric point of both CSFs. Anti-L cell CSF serum severely inhibited the activity of M-CSF but not that of G-CSF. A 1 : 1 mixture of M-CSF and G-CSF developed colonies of the respective types, both in excess of the number predicted. The RSP -2 X P3 G-CSF reported here should prove very useful in the study of differentiation in myeloid stem cells. PMID- 6609782 TI - Effect of pyridoxal deficiency on pancreatic DNA damage and nodule induction by azaserine. AB - The effects of pyridoxal deficiency on the genotoxicity and nodule inducing ability of azaserine in rat pancreas were examined. Azaserine at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight which causes substantial DNA damage in normal rat pancreas, failed to induce DNA damage detectable by alkaline elution in the pancreas of pyridoxal-deficient rats. Studies of the distribution of [14C]azaserine in rat tissues revealed that uptake of azaserine in pancreas of pyridoxal deficient rats was not significantly different from that of normal rats. The ability of a structurally unrelated amino acid carcinogen N delta-(N-methyl-N- nitrosocarbamoyl )-L-ornithine to damage rat pancreatic DNA was not affected by pyridoxal deficiency. In another study, the pyridoxal antagonist 4' deoxypyridoxine was administered i.p. to rats prior to and during azaserine treatment. Four months later, quantitative sterological analysis of atypical acinar cell nodules revealed that there was a significant reduction in the number but not size of nodules in the pancreases of 4'-deoxypyridoxine-treated rats. These results confirm the relationship of the induction of DNA damage by azaserine to its ability to induce pancreatic tumors, and support previous studies of azaserine metabolism, strongly suggesting that the in vivo activation of this carcinogen is pyridoxal dependent. PMID- 6609783 TI - DNA damage produced by N-nitrosomethyl(2-oxopropyl)amine (MOP) in hamster and rat pancreas: a role for the liver. AB - Utilizing the technique of alkaline elution analysis, the ability of N nitrosomethyl(2-oxopropyl)amine (MOP), a potent pancreatic carcinogen, to damage pancreatic DNA in rats and hamsters was examined. Pancreatic DNA isolated from hamsters exposed for 1 h to MOP given i.p. at doses of 7-60 mg/kg showed dose related DNA damage. A similar dose-response was observed in the pancreas of rats receiving 20-180 mg MOP/kg, suggesting that hamsters were 2-3 times more sensitive than rats. In contrast to the results obtained in vivo, functionally viable acinar cells from both rat and hamster pancreas, when exposed in vitro to levels of MOP comparable to those in vivo (20-180 micrograms/ml), failed to show dose-related DNA damage. Acinar cells from hamsters pretreated with 5,6 benzoflavone, an inducer of cytochrome P-450 activity, showed greatly enhanced drug-metabolizing capability, but again no DNA damage was observed upon exposure to MOP. Minced hamster or rat pancreas also failed to show DNA damage in response to MOP treatment. When hamsters in which hepatic blood supply was interrupted by ligation were given 60 mg/kg MOP i.v. and sacrificed 15 min later, damage to pancreatic and liver DNA was comparable to that observed in ligated controls which had received saline only. Administration of MOP to sham-operated animals led to extensive DNA damage in both pancreas and liver at 15 min. Analysis by h.p.l.c. showed an almost 2-fold increase in the amount of MOP present in the pancreases of the liver-ligated animals as compared to the sham-operated unligated animals. MOP was absent from the liver of the ligated animals. These experiments strongly suggest that DNA damage by MOP to the pancreatic acinar cells and probably to other pancreatic cell types, as well, requires metabolic activation by the liver. PMID- 6609784 TI - The effect of diethylstilboestrol on the in vitro growth of human ectocervical cells. AB - The effect of chronic exposure to diethylstilboestrol (DES) over the concentration range 10(-4)-10(-6) M on the in vitro growth of cells derived from the squamo -columnar junction of the human cervix has been examined. DES over the dose range 10(-4)-2 X 10(-5) M inhibits cervical epithelial cell (HCE) growth in terms of colony formation and colony expansion. This effect involves both an effect on cell proliferation, as measured by cell number and mitotic index, and an induction of differentiation as measured by an increase in the number of PAS positive cells (glycogen accumulating cells) and in the number of cells with cornified envelopes. At lower doses of DES, 10(-5)-5 X 10(-6) M, the efficiency of colony formation and colony size are not inhibited but mitotic index and cell number are decreased and the fraction of differentiating cells is increased. The effects of DES on HCE cell growth can be modified to some extent by epidermal growth factor (EGF). EGF at 10 ng/ml, increases the fraction of proliferating cells, induces cellular hypertrophy, reduces stratification and the fraction of differentiating cells in HCE colonies. DES, at all concentrations other than 10( 6) M, in the presence of EGF inhibits cell proliferation but does not prevent the EGF induced cellular hypertrophy, reduction in stratification or reduction in the fraction of differentiating cells. PMID- 6609785 TI - Multivariate analysis of angiographic, histologic, and electrocardiographic data in patients with coronary heart disease. AB - In 61 consecutive patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass grafting, angiographic and electrocardiographic (ECG) changes were studied. Histologic delineation of myocardium was obtained by analysis of transmural biopsy specimens acquired at the time of surgery. The use of principal-component analysis revealed three definite groups of patients. Group I comprised patients with histologic findings associated with severe left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) stenosis, without abnormal wall motion or ejection fraction. ECG abnormalities were limited to ST changes. Group II comprised patients with severe myocardial cell degeneration with only modest fibrosis associated with severe LAD stenosis and severely impaired wall motion. The incidence of infarction on the ECG was low. Group III patients had important myocardial cell degeneration with severe fibrosis associated with severe LAD stenosis, severely depressed wall motion, and significantly impaired ejection fraction. In this group there was a high incidence of infarction apparent on the ECG. Postoperative follow-up (24 months) showed a total survival of 94.4% in group I, 92.8% in group II, and only 72.7% in group III. This identification of subtypes of coronary artery disease seems to be helpful in estimating patient prognosis after coronary surgery. PMID- 6609786 TI - Differential assay of human pancreatic and salivary alpha-amylases in serum using a new fluorogenic substrate. AB - The difference in the mode action of human pancreatic and salivary alpha-amylases on O-6-deoxy-6-[(2-pyridyl)amino]-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-alpha-D - glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-alpha-D- glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-D-glucitol FG6R), a fluorogenic derivative of maltohexaitol, was found. The products of the enzymatic hydrolysis were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in 8 min. FG6R was hydrolyzed by these enzymes to O-6-deoxy-6-[(2-pyridyl)amino]-alpha D-glucopyranosyl- (1----4)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-D-glucose (FG3) and maltotriitol, or O-6-deoxy-6-[(2-pyridyl)amino]-alpha-D- glucopyranosyl-(1----4) O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-O-alpha-D- glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-D-glucose (FG4) and maltitol. Pancreatic alpha-amylase produced more FG4 than salivary alpha-amylase. Taking advantage of the differences in action of the two amylases, a differential alpha-amylase assay in serum was performed. The method is simple and rapid and can be used for routine clinical assays of alpha-amylases. PMID- 6609787 TI - A radiochemical assay for lysosomal carboxypeptidase A in human B- and T lymphocytes. PMID- 6609788 TI - A case of 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency syndrome associated with right adrenal tumor. AB - A 35-year-old woman, who had been hypertensive for about 17 years and had lacked menarche, showed hypokalemia, low plasma cortisol and aldosterone levels, suppressed renin activity, and marked elevation of plasma corticosterone. The patient was diagnosed as having 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency from functional studies. In addition, a right adrenal tumor was found by adrenal venography. Adrenal venous sampling showed that this tumor might be secreting corticosterone and possibly also deoxycorticosterone (DOC). The genotype was 46,XY, so she was diagnosed as having male pseudohermaphroditism. Right adrenalectomy and contralateral adrenal biopsy were done. The retained testicles were removed. Dexamethasone administration normalized the blood pressure and serum potassium. This is the first report of 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency with a right adrenal tumor. PMID- 6609789 TI - Transfusion support for congenital clotting deficiencies other than haemophilia. PMID- 6609790 TI - Heparin as a pharmacologic intervention to induce positive scintiscan in occult gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - The value of using heparin as a pharmacologic intervention to induce a positive scintiscan was studied in a patient with chronic occult gastrointestinal bleeding. When all standard diagnostic tests (upper and lower gastrointestinal series, upper and lower endoscopy, and conventional noninterventional Tc-99m RBC imaging) fail to detect and localize gastrointestinal bleeding in a patient who has definite clinical evidence (guaiac positive stool and dropping hemoglobin, hematocrit) of chronic occult gastrointestinal oozing, heparin may be used (with proper precaution) as a last resort to aid in the scintigraphic detection and localization of chronic occult gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6609791 TI - Anorectal bleeding vs penile activity. A potential diagnostic problem. AB - Intrapenile blood pool activity may be a source of artefact in interpreting a gastrointestinal bleeding study employing Tc-99m sulfur colloid or erythrocytes. Proper positioning should avoid a false reading of rectal bleeding. PMID- 6609792 TI - Gastrointestinal bleeding from an unusual etiology. Demonstration by Tc-99m RBC scintigraphy. AB - A 42-year-old man was admitted with hematochezia. Approximately one hour prior to admission, this industrial worker was attempting to disengage a jammed staple gun when a staple dislodged accidently . Approximately one-half hour later, he noted bright red blood per rectum. Shortly after admittance an emergency gastrointestinal bleeding scintigraphy study was performed. Ten mCi of in vitro labeled Tc-99m RBCs were injected. Sequential 500 K images were obtained over the abdomen every 5 minutes for 40 minutes. Three representative images are shown, demonstrating active gastrointestinal bleeding. The patient was taken to the operating room were a distal jejunal bleed was seen. Enterostomy was performed and the vessel was ligated. This interesting case demonstrates the pathophysiology of an unusual cause of gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6609793 TI - Campylobacter enteritis. A 3-year experience. AB - Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from 135 infants and children seen at the Oklahoma Children's Memorial Hospital over a 3-year period. The comparative frequency of isolation of C. jejuni, Salmonella, and Shigella were 1.5 percent, 2.2 percent, and 3.1 percent, respectively. Campylobacter enteritis was most prevalent during the warm months from May to October, peaking in July. Seventy percent of the afflicted children were 2 years old or younger; only 13 percent were older than 5 years. There were the usual clinical presentations (acute onset of diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, and bloody stools) of Campylobacter enteritis, but other, less common, patterns also were seen. These included chronic diarrhea without significant systemic manifestations; asymptomatic bloody stools, particularly in neonates; and fever and abdominal pain without diarrhea. Severe complications included hemolytic-uremic syndrome, sepsis associated with septic arthritis and osteomyelitis, and failure to thrive. PMID- 6609794 TI - Emergence of beta-lactamase-producing aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in the oropharynx of children following penicillin chemotherapy. AB - The acquisition of beta-lactamase-producing aerobic and anaerobic bacteria was investigated in 21 children treated with penicillin for otitis media or pharyngitis and in 18 untreated control children. Beta-lactamase-producers were isolated in three children before and in ten children after treatment (p = 0.04). Although the variety of bacterial species isolated did not change following treatment, beta-lactamase-producing Bacteroides melaninogenicus, B. oralis, and Branhamella catarrhalis were encountered only after therapy, while some beta lactamase-producing Staphylococcus aureus and Hemophilus influenzae were found before treatment. The incidence of beta-lactamase-producers did not increase in the control children. Spread of beta-lactamase-producers to household contacts by 12 treated and 13 normal control children also was studied. Ten of the treated children and 15 of 33 of the household contacts harbored beta-lactamase producers, while none were found in normal control children and only two were found in 27 of their household contacts (comparison of the two household contacts, p less than 0.01). PMID- 6609795 TI - Molecular events in developmental regulation of neuroendocrine genes: characterization of the novel neuropeptide CGRP. PMID- 6609796 TI - MUPPET: a program combining interactive data analysis and time-oriented database for clinical investigation of patients with pituitary tumors. AB - A new computer program for managing and analyzing clinical and laboratory data on patients with pituitary tumors is described. Its special features are an interactive mode using conversational language, the ability to calculate patterns of response to dynamic tests from raw data, and a report generator. PMID- 6609797 TI - Purification of human alpha 1 antiprotease-pancreatic elastase complex. Interaction with homologous elastin. AB - A human alpha 1-antiprotease (alpha 1.AP)-human pancreatic elastase ( HPE11 ) complex was isolated from plasma, or prepared from commercial alpha 1.AP. The complex was identified and isolated by affinity chromatography, using Concanavalin A or IgG anti-elastase as ligands, in association with Sephacryl gel filtration. The alpha 1.AP- HPE11 complex was shown to bind with aorta and with purified aortic elastin. In both cases, the complex exhibited elastinolytic activity. PMID- 6609798 TI - Production of penicillinases by certain penicillin-resistant bacteria. (C) factors affecting the activities of penicillinases produced by Staphylococcus aureus, S9. AB - The activities of penicillinases produced by Staphylococcus aureus, S9 were found to be affected by pH, temperature, substrate concentration and type of penicillin derivative used as a substrate. The optimal activities of penicillinases produced by S. aureus, S9 were obtained at pH 6, at 37 degrees C, 0.5-10 mu/ml penicillin G concentration, and by increasing the enzyme concentration. PMID- 6609800 TI - [Anti-shock trousers in the management of gynecologic and obstetric hemorrhagic shock]. PMID- 6609799 TI - [Selected immunological indicators in patients with chronic post-traumatic staphylococcal osteomyelitis]. PMID- 6609801 TI - [Aortocoronary bypass operation: report of 15 cases]. PMID- 6609802 TI - [A comparative study on elastase activity of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in normal persons and in emphysematous patients with normal alpha 1-antitrypsin activity]. PMID- 6609803 TI - Angiodysplasia. Clinical presentation and colonoscopic diagnosis. AB - Angiodysplasia is a recently recognized important cause of lower intestinal bleeding in older patients. Although angiography is an established procedure for the diagnosis of angiodysplasia, colonoscopy is being used increasingly for evaluation of lower intestinal bleeding. In order to define the nature of bleeding due to angiodysplasia and the appropriate role of colonoscopy, 80 patients diagnosed by angiography, pathology, or colonoscopy were reviewed. Bleeding attributable to angiodysplasia varied from acute life-threatening hemorrhage to occult blood in stools. Thirteen patients with angiodysplasia had no bleeding and were identified incidentally by colonoscopy performed for other indications. Eighty-nine percent of the lesions were located in the right colon and there was a mean of 1.5 angiodysplastic lesions per patient. The sensitivity of colonoscopy compared to angiography and pathology was 68% overall and 81% when the colon was completely examined and lesions were located in the colon. The predictive value of a positive colonoscopic diagnosis was 90% in this population. Colonoscopy should be employed as an initial study in patients with chronic or mild acute rectal bleeding. PMID- 6609805 TI - Immunological status in heroin addicts: effects of methadone maintenance treatment. AB - In opiate addicts specific and unspecific immune responses were examined, before and after methadone treatment. Anomalous immune responses were characterized by compromised cellular immunity (functional deficits of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and T-lymphocytes) in association with efficient production of antibodies. After methadone treatment an elevation of leukocyte functions was noted. The presence of elevated titres of circulating immune complexes observed in all the patients tested could bring about a functional exhaustion of neutrophils. The defects of cellular immunity can be considered important risk factors in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases in addicts. PMID- 6609804 TI - Major gastrointestinal hemorrhage from peripancreatic blood vessels in pancreatitis. Treatment by embolotherapy. AB - Seven cases of gastrointestinal bleeding originating from peripancreatic blood vessels seen between 1977 and 1982 are presented. The bleeding originated either from true aneurysms, formed when the pancreatic inflammatory processes weaken the walls of peripancreatic blood vessels, from pseudoaneurysms which occurred after vascular leakage into pancreatic pseudocyst, or from veins. Gastrointestinal bleeding occurs when these entities rupture into gastrointestinal viscera. Hemorrhage of this nature must be considered in the clinical setting of patients who have a history of alcoholism, chronic relapsing pancreatitis, and known pseudocysts. Endoscopy, bleeding scans, and barium contrast studies are only occasionally helpful in diagnosis. Selective visceral angiography during acute hemorrhage is often diagnostic and concomitant arterial embolization techniques may offer a temporizing or permanent modality for hemostasis. This technique may be especially useful in the unstable, acutely ill patient with alcoholic hepatitis, sepsis, or an immature pseudocyst who poses a poor operative risk. PMID- 6609806 TI - Soft drug use prior to and during pregnancy: a comparison of samples over a four year period. AB - The extent and changing patterns of alcohol, nicotine and marihuana use in the year before pregnancy and during each trimester were examined in 190 women who had entered the Ottawa Prenatal Prospective Study in 1980-1982. The results were compared to those obtained from women who had entered the study in 1978-1979. The two samples were very similar in demographic factors. Compared to the earlier sample there was a slight decrease among the number of heavy social drinkers prior to pregnancy and a greater tendency for these women to reduce their drinking early in pregnancy. The extent of nicotine use was very similar between the two samples prior to pregnancy and in the first trimester. However, unlike the 1978-1979 samples, the proportion of heavy smokers continued to be reduced as pregnancy proceeded. Heavy marihuana use rose slightly in the recent sample both prior to and during pregnancy. PMID- 6609807 TI - Insomnia among addicts during supervised withdrawal from opiates: a comparison of oral methadone and electrostimulation. AB - Measures of sleep disturbance were taken among drug-dependent inpatients being withdrawn from opiates using either a conventional oral methadone regime or electrostimulation (ES). Sleep was found to be disturbed in both groups. Subjects receiving ES showed the more marked sleep reduction and higher levels of night time waking during withdrawal: insomnia was most evident during the first 14 days of withdrawal. The degree of sleep disturbance among the methadone subjects was less severe but there were also sleep difficulties in this group. As late as 1 month after admission there was considerable night-to-night variability in sleep times with mean values between 4 h and 6 h in both groups. The ES procedure was unsatisfactory for managing insomnia during opiate withdrawal, but neither can methadone be regarded as fully satisfactory in this respect. An incidental finding to emerge from this study is that those subjects in the ES group who remained in treatment experienced more sleep disturbance than those who dropped out prematurely. PMID- 6609808 TI - Lessons from a methadone treatment program in Laos, 1972-75. PMID- 6609810 TI - [Tissue typing and immunopathogenesis of HLA-B27-linked diseases]. PMID- 6609809 TI - [The injection method for hemostasis in gastroduodenal lesions. Indications and possibilities]. AB - Endoscopic injection of polidocanol was used in a prospective study of 88 patients with gastroduodenal bleeding. Active bleeding by injecting polidocanol (1%) in 54 patients achieved initial haemostasis in 51 (94%); lasting arrest of bleeding was achieved in 39 (72%). This injection treatment was also used to prevent recurrence of bleeding where there had been signs of previous bleeding: this proved successful in 25 of 34 patients (74%). The endoscopic injection method thus gave results equivalent to other endoscopic methods of achieving haemostasis. PMID- 6609811 TI - The epidemiology of cholera in south-west Tanzania. PMID- 6609812 TI - Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) acts centrally to inhibit growth hormone secretion in the rat. AB - The intracerebroventricular administration of 0.15 and 1.5 nmol ovine corticotropin releasing factor ( oCRF ) to freely-moving adult male rats resulted in a dose-related inhibition of spontaneous GH secretion. This inhibition lasted for at least 3 h and was statistically significant at all time points. By contrast, the iv injection of 1.5 nmol oCRF was without effect. These results suggest that CRF can act within the central nervous system to interfere with spontaneous GH secretion. PMID- 6609813 TI - Complete nucleotide sequence of a gene encoding a functional human class I histocompatibility antigen (HLA-CW3). AB - The HLA-CW3 gene contained in a cosmid clone identified by transfection expression experiments has been completely sequenced. This provides, for the first time, data on the structure of HLA-C locus products and constitutes, together with that of the gene coding for HLA-A3, the first complete nucleotide sequences of genes coding for serologically defined class I HLA molecules. In contrast to the organisation of the two class I HLA pseudogenes whose sequences have previously been determined, the sequence of the HLA-CW3 gene reveals an additional cytoplasmic encoding domain, making the organisation of this gene very similar to that of known H-2 class I genes and also the HLA-A3 gene. The deduced amino acid sequences of HLA-CW3 and HLA-A3 now allow a systematic comparison of such sequences of HLA class I molecules from the three classical transplantation antigen loci A, B, C. The compared sequences include the previously determined partial amino acid sequences of HLA-B7, HLA-B40, HLA-A2 and HLA-A28. The comparisons confirm the extreme polymorphism of HLA classical class I molecules, and permit a study of the level of diversity and the location of sequence differences. The distribution of differences is not uniform, most of them being located in the first and second extracellular domains, the third extracellular domain is extremely conserved, and the cytoplasmic domain is also a variable region. Although it is difficult to determine locus-specific regions, we have identified several candidate positions which may be C locus-specific. PMID- 6609815 TI - CT-control of the H-graft interposition mesocaval shunt patency. AB - A method for assessing the patency of the H-graft interposition mesocaval shunts by computerized tomography is described. Five patients with such shunts were examined with a 5.5 second CT scanner. After locating the graft a 50 cc bolus of 76% diatrizoate was injected into a cubital vein and 3-4 scans were executed at a preselected level. A distinct vessel like enhancement appeared if the shunt was open. With dynamic CT-scanning the flow can be demonstrated in graphical form as time-density curves. PMID- 6609814 TI - Complete nucleotide sequence of a functional class I HLA gene, HLA-A3: implications for the evolution of HLA genes. AB - The complete nucleotide sequence of an active class I HLA gene, HLA-A3, has been determined. This sequence, together with that obtained for the HLA-CW3 gene, represents the first complete nucleotide sequence to be determined for functional class I HLA genes. The gene organisation of HLA-A3 closely resembles that of class I H-2 genes in mouse: it shows a signal exon, three exons encoding the three extracellular domains, one exon encoding the transmembrane region and three exons encoding the cytoplasmic domain. The complete nucleotide sequences of the active HLA genes, HLA-A3 and HLA-CW3, now permit a meaningful comparison of the nucleotide sequences of class I HLA genes by alignment with the sequence established for a HLA-B7-specific cDNA clone and the sequences of two HLA class I pseudogenes HLA 12.4 and LN- 11A . The comparisons show that there is a non random pattern of nucleotide differences in both exonic and intronic regions featuring segmental homologies over short regions, which is indicative of a gene conversion mechanism. In addition, analysis of the frequency of nucleotide substitution at the three base positions within the codons of the functional genes HLA-A3, HLA-B7 and HLA-CW3 shows that the pattern of nucleotide substitution in the exon coding for the 3rd extracellular domain is consistent with strong selection pressure to conserve the sequence. The distribution of nucleotide variation in the other exons specifying the mature protein is nearly random with respect to the frequencies of substitution at the three nucleotide positions of their codons. The evolutionary implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6609816 TI - Early evaluation of coronary artery bypass grafts: CT or selective angiography. AB - A prospective study was performed in 27 patients to compare the value of computed tomography and selective angiography in assessing coronary artery graft patency in the early post-operative period. The sensitivity of CT to graft patency was 85% with no falsely patent determinations. Dynamic CT was not found useful in predicting graft stenosis. There were no complications associated with CT studies, and two related to selective angiography. It is concluded that CT is the procedure of choice for graft evaluation in the early post-operative period; but that angiography is mandatory for the assessment of late symptom recurrence. A review is made of the results described in previous series. PMID- 6609817 TI - Emergency transvenous ablation of atrioventricular conduction to control refractory atrial tachycardia. AB - Three patients were referred for urgent investigation and treatment of refractory arrhythmias. Each patient had failed to respond to antiarrhythmic drugs and in two patients direct current cardioversion was also unsuccessful. Transvenous ablation of atrioventricular conduction was therefore thought appropriate. With a temporary ventricular pacing system in situ, a second electrode was used to record His and atrial electrograms. A 270 watt-second shock was delivered through this lead when the His potential was maximized. The tachycardia was controlled in two patients and the procedure was without deleterious effects. PMID- 6609818 TI - Nifedipine versus nitroprusside for controlling hypertensive episodes during coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - Intraoperative hypertensive episodes are a common problem in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Twenty patients who developed acute hypertension (mean arterial pressure increase to 110 mmHg) were studied. Ten patients received nifedipine (about 3 micrograms kg-1 min-1) and ten patients nitroprusside (about 0.75 micrograms/kg-1 min-1) to return arterial blood pressure to control levels. All patients were anaesthetized with flunitrazepam, fentanyl, pancuronium and N2O/O2. The study compares the effects of nifedipine and nitroprusside on systemic and pulmonary haemodynamics. Both nifedipine and nitroprusside decreased arterial pressure to baseline values within about 3 min by reducing the elevated systemic vascular resistance. Cardiac filling pressures and pulmonary artery pressure decreased significantly only with nitroprusside. Following nitroprusside cardiac output remained unchanged whereas nifedipine increased cardiac output and stroke volume when blood pressure was lowered by a comparable degree. The data suggest that nifedipine primarily affects resistance vessels in the systemic circulation without significantly changing venous tone as opposed to the effect of nitroprusside. Thus, nifedipine appears to be an appropriate vasodilator for controlling arterial hypertensive episodes in patients with coronary artery disease and normal left ventricular function. PMID- 6609819 TI - Myocardial oxygen balance during hemodilution in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - The myocardial (arterial-coronary sinus) balance of oxygen and lactate was studied before a cardiopulmonary bypass and during the first 5 min of a normothermic bypass in two patient groups undergoing coronary revascularization for multiple coronary artery disease. The hemodilution (HD) group was hemodiluted before the bypass with dextran 70 (15 ml/kg; resulting mean hematocrit 32%) and further at the beginning of the bypass due to nonhemic priming of the oxygenator (mean hematocrit 15%). The control (C) group was not diluted before the bypass, and four units of red blood cells were included in the oxygenator priming (mean hematocrit 27% after the beginning of the bypass). The preoperative dilution produced a decline in the coronary sinus blood oxygen tension and oxygen saturation, but no change in the arterial-coronary sinus lactate balance. After the first 5 min of the bypass, the heart produced lactate in both the HD group and the C group, but the lactate production was more pronounced in the HD group. At the same time, the coronary sinus blood oxygen saturation was lower in the HD group than in the C group. Hypotension frequently accompanied the beginning of the bypass in both groups. It is concluded that the hemodilution to a hematocrit level of 32% in patients undergoing coronary revascularization for multiple stable coronary artery disease produces compensatory changes in myocardial oxygen extraction, but no changes of a generalized ischemia can be demonstrated. The hemodilution to a hematocrit level of 15% produces myocardial ischemia in patients with a normothermic unloaded heart, adding to the effect of hypotension at the beginning of the bypass. PMID- 6609820 TI - Measurement of intracranial blood volume by gamma camera emission tomography. AB - Based on phantom and animal experiments a method is proposed for measuring the intracranial blood volume ( ICBV ) by gamma camera emission tomography. The intracranial radioactivity from 99mTc -tagged erythrocytes in intracranial vessels is measured with a gamma camera rotating around the head of the dog with a circulatory turn of 2-20 min. The radioactive counts from each cycle are pictorially displayed as 8-12 frontal sections through the head. On each section the intracranial space is delineated as the region of interest and counted separately. The sum of the intracranial counts of the various sections is an expression of the ICBV and linearly related to it. Accurate delineation of the intracranial space on each of the displayed slices is achieved by injection of a nondiffusible isotope ( 169Yb -DTPA) into the subarachnoid space at the end of each experiment. Scattered radiation is corrected for by a correction factor obtained from the phantom experiments. By means of special calibration procedures the measured ICBV , as expressed in counts may be transferred into volume units (ml). The present method seems to offer several advantages compared to earlier methods for measuring the ICBV . PMID- 6609821 TI - HLA-DC antigens can serve as recognition elements for human cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - The specificity of four cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones which recognize class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens was analyzed. All clones recognized antigens associated with the serologically defined HLA-DRw6 specificity. The activity of two of these clones, JR-2-2 and JR-2-10, could be inhibited by a monoclonal antibody Q 5/13 specific for a monomorphic determinant present on HLA-DR. In contrast, the activity of the two other CTL clones, JR-2-19 and JR-2-26, was not blocked by Q 5/13, but by a new monoclonal reagent, SPV-L3. This latter monoclonal antibody precipitated a two-chain structure of 28 kDa and 33 kDa and reacts with a monomorphic determinant. The molecular weight of the polypeptides precipitated with SPV-L3 was slightly less than those precipitated with a HLA-DR-specific monoclonal reagent. In addition two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed that the antigen precipitated by SPV-L3 differed in charge from those precipitated with the anti-HLA-DR antibody. These results indicate that SPV-L3 recognizes a class II MHC product different from HLA-DR. This observation was confirmed by partial amino acid sequence analysis of the two chains which revealed that the molecule precipitated by SPV-L3 is homologous to HLA-DC/DS molecules. Therefore this report provides the first evidence that human cytotoxic T cells can recognize HLA-DC/DS antigens. PMID- 6609822 TI - Mechanism of T lymphocyte activation by OKT3 antibodies. A general model for T cell induction. AB - The OKT3 monoclonal antibody has unique reactivity for human T cells and induces a mitogenic response equal to that of concanavalin A (Con A). However, significant differences were found in activation requirements for the two T cell mitogens. Although both OKT3 and Con A required living accessory cells for stimulation of T cells, the OKT3 antibody was optimally mitogenic at a molar concentration 10(3) times less than Con A. Under such conditions, the two mitogens showed similar kinetics as well as magnitude or responses. Furthermore normal IgG blocked the OKT3-induced proliferation selectively. The inhibition is most likely caused by the Fc portion of IgG competing for Fc receptors on accessory cells. The different requirements for activation are discussed in relation to the T cell receptor and its role in T cell activation. PMID- 6609823 TI - Surface immunoglobulin phenotype of complement receptor-positive and complement receptor-negative B cells of normal and xid immunodeficient mice. AB - Single- and dual-parameter fluorescence-activated cell sorter analyses of complement receptor-positive and -negative (CR+ and CR-) splenic B cells of normal and xid immunodeficient mice were performed to determine the frequencies of surface (s) IgM+ and sIgD+ cells, as well as the quantities of sIgM and sIgD on these cells. Single parameter analysis revealed identical frequencies of sIgM+ and sIgD+ cells in the CR+ B cell population of normal mice. In contrast, the percentage of sIgM+ cells exceeded that of sIgD+ cells in the CR- normal and CR+ xid B cell population to a similar extent. CR- xid B cells showed an even greater discrepancy between sIgM+ and sIgD+ cells. Dual-parameter analysis of CR+ normal B cells showed the typical sIg phenotype of mature B cells, i.e. an intermediate density of sIgM and a high density of sIgD. The CR+ xid B cell population displayed an increase in cells with high sIgM and no-to-low sIgD and a decrease in cells with intermediate sIgM and high sIgD when compared to CR+ normal cells. CR- B cells from normal and xid immunodeficient mice were similar in that both consisted largely of a cell population with low sIgM and no-to-low sIgD. However, the CR- normal B cell population also contained cells with intermediate sIgM and high sIgD, which were lacking in the CR- xid cell population. Similar results were obtained when CR+ and CR- B cells from normal and xid mice were purified from a small resting B cell population, isolated by elutriation. This indicates that the sIg phenotype of CR- cells is not due to the presence of large cells which have lost sIgD during activation. PMID- 6609824 TI - Cross-protection in mice infected with influenza A virus by the respiratory route is correlated with local IgA antibody rather than serum antibody or cytotoxic T cell reactivity. AB - Mice previously infected with an aerosol of A/Rec 31 influenza virus were strongly protected against an aerosol challenge with A/Vic influenza as judged by lung virus titers recovered 2 days after the challenge infection. Such complete homotypic immunity was not achieved by priming with live Rec 31 virus injected i.v. or UV-inactivated Rec 31 virus administered s.c. together with Al(OH)3 and saponin. The reason for the superior protective effect of the natural infection was investigated. The protection induced by respiratory infection with Rec 31 virus was specific for influenza A viruses. It was not correlated with specific serum hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer or cross-reactive cytotoxic T (Tc) cell reactivity. Moreover, the transfer of splenic and lymphoid T cell populations with strong secondary Tc activity did not significantly reduce lung virus titers in recipient mice 3 days after infection. The protection however occurred in parallel with the presence of cross-reactive IgA antibody in the lung washings. It thus appears that local secretory IgA plays a causal role in the prevention of cross-infection by influenza A virus. Serum antibody and Tc cells, on the other hand, may be crucial for recovery from such infection. All mice primed with live Rec 31 virus, administered i.v. or by aerosol and expressing equally high levels of Tc reactivity, survived a lethal challenge with A/PR8 virus. The same challenge, however, killed half of the mice immunized s.c. with inactivated Rec 31 virus which induced only a low level of Tc reactivity. PMID- 6609825 TI - Production of type I (alpha/beta) interferon after virus infection of cloned, alloantigen-sensitized mouse T lymphocytes. AB - Mouse T lymphocytes sensitized to alloantigens were cloned by limiting dilution in the presence of interleukin 2. Clones were tested for surface markers Thy-1, Lyt-1 and Lyt-2, and for cytotoxic function. Production of interferon (IFN) by clones either (a) stimulated with allogeneic cells; (b) activated with concanavalin A (Con A); or (c) infected with Semliki Forest virus or Newcastle disease virus were assayed. All clones produced IFN upon Con A stimulation and most after virus infection. Analysis of the IFN produced by a single clone, using anti-IFN antisera, showed that while Con A stimulation induced production of type II IFN (IFN-gamma), the IFN produced after virus infection was type I IFN (IFN alpha/beta). PMID- 6609826 TI - Reactions among IgM antibodies derived from normal, neonatal mice. AB - Attempting to obtain a representative sample of the "natural antibody" repertoire in the developing immune system, we have derived IgM-secreting hybridomas from 4 normal untreated BALB/c mice of the same litter on day 6 after birth. Partially purified IgM preparations obtained in the supernatants of 70 such clones were each screened in binding assays for reactivity with a panel of 9 IgM antibodies, randomly selected from the same collection. Five of these 9 IgM antibodies were found to react with a considerable number of other IgM in the collection, while the other 4 showed only sporadic reactivity. On the other hand, more than half of the 70 antibodies were found to bind specifically to at least one of these five. With a few exceptions, these reactions showed quantitative levels ranging from 5 to 20% of those observed between either of the two interacting IgM and monoclonal rat anti-mu antibodies. The selectivity of these reactions indicated V-region specificity, which was confirmed by analyzing in some detail the reaction between 2 IgM antibodies isolated from the same mouse. PMID- 6609827 TI - In vivo and in vitro studies of thymulin in marginally zinc-deficient mice. AB - Thymulin (or serum thymic factor, FTS-Zn), a well-defined thymic hormone previously shown to be a nonapeptide binding the metal zinc, was studied in mice subjected to a long-term marginally Zn-deficient diet. In spite of the absence of thymic atrophy, we observed a significant decrease in the serum levels of thymulin as early as two months after the onset of treatment. However, these levels could be consistently restored after in vitro addition of ZnCl2. The analysis of thymuses from Zn-deficient mice showed that, despite the apparently normal network of epithelial cells, there was a progressive increase in the number of thymulin -containing cells (assessed by immunofluorescence with anti- thymulin monoclonal antibodies) that was already significant after two months of treatment. These results are in keeping with those of previous investigators, showing a specific, altered, thymic endocrine function following Zn deprivation. Nonetheless, our results strongly suggest that the nonactive Zn-deprived peptide is secreted under these experimental conditions. Furthermore, the fact that the augmented numbers of thymulin -containing cells were observed in the thymuses following a decrease in the peripheral thymulin (biologically active) brings further evidence for the existence of a feedback mechanism for the secretion of this hormone. PMID- 6609828 TI - Decreased brain serotonergic activity after acute propranolol. AB - Acute propranolol reduced the synthesis rate of serotonin in several rat brain structures (hypothalamus, midbrain, pons, frontal cortex and medulla oblongata). Both optical isomers of propranolol were tested. From our results it may be concluded that both the beta-blocking property and the local anaesthetic action of the drug could be involved in its inhibitory effect, except in hypothalamus where only the levorotating isomer was effective. Our results suggest the possibility of a noradrenergic influence on brain serotonergic neurons. PMID- 6609829 TI - Quantitative autoradiography of [3H]MPTP binding sites in rat brain. PMID- 6609830 TI - Early release of the density-dependent inhibition of phosphate uptake and ATP synthesis after src gene expression in chick embryo fibroblasts. AB - Our results showed that the expression of the src gene in chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF) released the density-dependent inhibition (DDI) of phosphate metabolism (phosphate uptake and phosphorylation of small organic compounds). With increasing cell density, phosphate metabolism decreased by 58% in normal CEF and, in contrast, increased by 20% in Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)-transformed CEF. The same change in the DDI was observed in CEF infected by NY68 (a ts mutant for transformation of RSV) and maintained at the permissive temperature (37 degrees C) instead of the restrictive temperature (41.5 degrees C) for the expression of transformation. An interesting feature was that the release of the DDI of phosphate metabolism was an early event in the process of transformation, since it was almost concomitant with the stimulation of the pp60 src kinase activity following the shift from 41.5 to 37 degrees C of NY68 CEF. The phosphorylation of small organic compounds (Po) was more strongly increased by the change in temperature than was 32Pi accumulation. Furthermore, the percentage increases of Po and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) labelling with 32P were similar, suggesting that the expression of src gene enhanced ATP synthesis. In glucose-free medium, the stimulation of Po-labelling was still observed but was decreased. Therefore the activation of glycolytic activity is not an absolute requirement, but is necessary for the maximum effect of transformation on the release of DDI of phosphate metabolism. Oligomycin added in complete medium did not prevent the increase in Po-labelling. From these results, we assumed that ATP turnover was stimulated as a consequence of enhanced ATP degradation. We verified that the stimulation of Po phosphorylation was not a consequence of increased ATP utilization for RNA or protein synthesis. The stimulation of Po labelling was specifically abolished by quercetin. This drug inhibited the transformed cells more strongly than the non-transformed cells. PMID- 6609831 TI - Lectin-binding and spontaneous capping characteristics of the thymocyte glycophorin-like glycoprotein. AB - Monoclonal antibodies against lymphocyte glycoproteins have been used to identify the membrane molecules which bind peanut (PNA) and Helix pomatia (HPA) agglutinins and cap spontaneously on the uropod of polarized rat and mouse thymocytes. On the basis of co-capping experiments and radiolabelling of isolated glycoproteins after sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide electrophoresis (SDS PAGE), the major HPA- and PNA-binding sialoglycoprotein (with an apparent molecular weight of about 105 K; (1K = 10(3] 125-135 K after neuraminidase treatment) appears to be identical with the thymocyte glycophorin-like protein described by Brown et al. [11] and to correspond to the spontaneously capping component. Components of the mouse T200 (or rat 'leukocyte common antigen') differentiation antigen group also bind PNA (and partially HPA), but are unable to cap spontaneously. Some similarities in the redistribution behaviour of thymocyte and erythrocyte glycoproteins are discussed. PMID- 6609832 TI - Cellular interactions and IL2 requirements of PHA-induced human T-lymphocyte colonies. AB - A number of conflicting proposals have been put forward as to the roles and identities of cooperating cells involved with human T-lymphocyte colony formation. To resolve this conflict, the principal cellular interactions of human T-lymphocyte colonies were analyzed using a two-step culture technique. Through mathematical analysis of cell dose-response curves the requirement for at least two populations of cooperating cells in addition to the colony-forming cell was demonstrated. By removing adherent cells prior to the first but not the second step, colony formation was inhibited, which suggests a restricted role for these cells during the early stages of colony formation. The dependence of the second step on interleukin 2 (IL2) availability implied that IL2-producing cells composed the other population of cooperating cells. We therefore propose that colony formation can be described by the two interdependent reactions of activation (T----T') and proliferation (T'----nT'). The first reaction requires an adherent cell (monocyte) population that together with PHA provides the necessary signals for cellular activation. Cell contact is needed to allow the expression of this adherent cell or interleukin 1 ( IL1 ) activity. As a result of these signals at least two subpopulations of lymphocytes are activated, the T lymphocyte colony-forming cells themselves ( TLCFC ) and a population of cooperating T cells. These activated T cells interact during the second or proliferative reaction. In response to PHA the cooperating T cells release IL2, thereby enabling the activated TLCFs to proliferate into colonies. Thus for PHA induced T-colony formation, TLCFCs required the cooperation of adherent cells for the activation reaction and IL2-producing T cells for proliferative reaction. PMID- 6609833 TI - Thymic hormones and syngeneic T-lymphocytes are not required for leukopoiesis in an in vivo culture system for mouse bone marrow cells. AB - In order to explore the regulatory influence of thymic hormones and T cells on leukopoiesis , bone marrow cells from normal and athymic nude mice were cultured in peritoneal diffusion chambers (DC) that were implanted intraperitoneally into either normal or nude mice. T-cell-deficient nu/nu-C3H marrow cells formed slightly above normal numbers and nu/nu-BALB/c formed slightly below normal numbers of progenitor cells for granulocytes and/or macrophages in four-day DC cultures. Seven-day leukopoiesis in DC, as estimated by 3H-thymidine incorporation and differential cell counts, was not detectably affected by T-cell absence from nu/nu-BALB/c marrow. Leukopoiesis , including formation of progenitor cells, was not significantly different in normal and T-cell-deficient DC hosts. Normal thymocytes added to the T-cell-deficient bone marrow inocula decreased the generation of progenitor cells. These results indicate that (a) expansion of a proliferating granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cell population takes place in in vivo DC cultures without the presence of thymic hormones and T lymphocytes, and that (b) T-lymphocytes may either stimulate or inhibit progenitor cell growth, and the balance between stimulation and inhibition apparently varies between mouse strains. PMID- 6609834 TI - Interaction of tonic neck and vestibular reflexes in the forelimb of the decerebrate cat. AB - Tonic neck reflexes, studied with EMG recording, have similar dynamics in forelimb extensor muscles of acutely labyrinthectomized cats, and in cats with intact labyrinths. The reflex occurs more frequently in the latter and its gain is higher. In intact preparations we evoked vestibular and tonic neck reflexes separately or in combination, at frequencies of 0.05-0.5 Hz. As expected from earlier work, the two reflexes oppose each other and frequently cancel; the two reflexes add linearly. PMID- 6609836 TI - Effects of vinblastine in the frog neuromuscular junction during repetitive stimulation. AB - Vinblastine (10(-5) to 10(-4) M) applied in a Mg-blocked sciatic nerve-sartorius muscle preparation of the frog at the beginning of 20 min of repetitive stimulation of the nerve at 10 Hz, markedly inhibited the facilitation period. There was a smaller increase of end-plate potential amplitude, of quantal content, and of miniature end-plate potential (MEPP) frequency in comparison with that found in experiments without the drug. This depressant effect was more evident when the preparation was preincubated in vinblastine: synaptic responses often disappeared after a few minutes, whereas MEPP frequency attained a maximum at the 5th min. The results suggest a multiple site of action for vinblastine. First, an alteration of both vesicle and plasmalemma membrane, as revealed by the increase of MEPP frequency and by the change of the binomial release features. Second, the drug could damage the intracellular transport system, interfering with the mobilization of the vesicles toward the nerve endings, as shown by the very low or absent facilitation. PMID- 6609835 TI - Locomotion in adult cats with early vestibular deprivation: visual cue substitution. AB - Four cats labyrinthectomized shortly after birth ( DELAB ) exhibited the classical vestibular syndrome and recovery, while their motor development was otherwise unimpaired. As adults, they were tested for visual vestibular substitution in a locomotor task with either orientation requirements (tilted platforms) or balance requirements (narrow platforms). Visual motion cues or static visual cues were controlled using normal or stroboscopic lighting, or darkness. Measurements of the average speed of locomotion showed that: - Although all cats increase their speed when more visual cues become available, a marked deficit occurs in darkness only in the DELAB cats. - With either vestibular cues alone or static visual cues alone, cats are able to reach the same level of performance in the tilted platform test, which suggests a total visual-vestibular interchangeability in orientation. - DELAB cats perform very poorly in the narrow rail test. - When continuous vision is allowed in the narrow rail test the DELABs ' performance rises but does not match that of the control group. - A specific deficit in balance for the DELAB group is thus reduced by normal continuous vision as compared to stroboscopic vision, suggesting a significant, though imperfect, substitution of motion visual cues for the missing dynamic vestibular cues. - Dynamic visual cues play only a minor role in most situations, when locomotory speed is high. This results support the view that both the vestibular and the visual system can subserve two distinct functions: - dynamic information may stabilize the stance in narrow unstable situations, during slow locomotion, - and static orientation cues may mainly control the direction for displacement. Possible interactions between head positioning and body orientation in the DELAB cats are discussed. PMID- 6609837 TI - Gorgoderina vitelliloba: interaction with frog leucocytes in vivo and in vitro. AB - Ultrastructural observations were made on the response in vivo of adult Rana temporaria to Gorgoderina vitelliloba and the interaction between host cells and the parasite in vitro. In both cases, the cellular attack on the fluke was most intense 21-23 days postinfection. Host leucocytes (believed to be eosinophils) lay flat against the surface of the parasite. Degranulation of their electron dense, peroxidase-positive granules occurred and vacuoles formed. The outer plasmalemma of the tegument was breached and eosinophils migrated over the basal lamina, stripping the tegument from the surface of the fluke. The cellular response was so vigorous in vitro that the tegument was sometimes completely lost. In vivo, damage was slight, and the majority of the parasites successfully completed their migration to the bladder, where there was no further cellular response, and tegumental repair occurred. The fact that the migration of the fluke from the kidney to the bladder occurred at the same time as the peak of the cellular response may not be coincidental, and it is suggested that the cellular attack may initiate migration from the kidneys. PMID- 6609838 TI - [Heterocyclic compounds with potential anti-inflammatory activity containing a 4 aminophenylalkanoic acid residue. V. Derivatives of 2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazole-3 one]. AB - The synthesis and pharmacological study of some derivatives of 2,4-dihydro-3H pyrazol-3-one of general formula (I) are described. The compound in which R = C6H5 and R' = CH3 [2-(4- carboxymethylphenyl )-4-phenyl-5-methyl-2,4- dihydropyrazol -3-one] (MG 18949) proved to have antipyretic activity equal to that of ibuprofen and aminopyrine. PMID- 6609840 TI - Characteristics of the cell surface antigen, p72, associated with a variety of human tumours and mitogen-stimulated T-lymphoblasts. AB - The monoclonal antibody 791T /36, prepared against a human osteogenic sarcoma cell line, 791T , reacts with a variety of human tumours and also mitogen stimulated PBMN cells. The target antigen as expressed upon 791T cells is a monomeric plasma membrane-associated glycoprotein with an apparent Mr of 72000. By quantitative flow cytofluorimetry, approx. 10(5) antibody molecules bound per cell to T-lymphoblasts induced with PHA or Con A, whereas only a few thousand antibody molecules bound per cell to unstimulated cells, so that the antigen may be classified as a lymphocyte activation antigen. On lymphoblasts, the 791T /36 again reacted with a protein with an apparent Mr of 72000. This antigen therefore has a dual role as a tumour marker and lymphocyte activation antigen which may be implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation. PMID- 6609839 TI - Binding of interleukin 2 to gangliosides. AB - Exogenous gangliosides inhibit interleukin 2 (IL2)-dependent growth of a T cell line, AKIL -1.E8. IL2 activity is retained by columns of ganglioside covalently linked to poly(L-lysine)-agarose and is not eluted with ethylene glycol but is completely recovered by elution with 1% SDS. The ability of gangliosides to inhibit IL2 activity is directly related to the complexity of their carbohydrate portion, and related ceramide derivatives at similar concentrations do not inhibit IL2 activity. We conclude that IL2 bound to exogenous gangliosides is inactive and that the carbohydrate portion of the ganglioside is crucial to its interaction with IL2. PMID- 6609841 TI - Molecular mass analysis of murine immunosuppressive immunoglobulin G-binding factors (IgG-BFs) produced by T-cell hybrids. AB - Induced and constitutive murine IgG-binding factors (IgG-BFs) have been purified by affinity chromatography from supernatants of T-cells preincubated with or without murine monoclonal IgG1 and IgG2b, respectively. IgG-BF Mr values have been studied by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) after treatment with SDS under conditions which do not noticeably alter their immunosuppressive activities on the secondary in vitro IgG antibody response. Suppression was recovered at Mr values of 80000, 40000 and 20000. When induced IgG-BF was tested, the isotype-specific suppressive activity was found only at 40 kDa. The 20-kDa moiety appeared to derive from the 40-kDa component and the material found at 80 kDa exerted non-specific immunosuppressive effects. We conclude therefore that isotype-specific IgG-BF has an apparent Mr of 40000. PMID- 6609842 TI - Changes in intracellular pH and inorganic phosphate concentration during and after muscle contraction as studied by time-resolved 31P-NMR. Alkalinization by contraction. AB - The changes in intracellular pH and concentration of inorganic phosphate (Pi) were studied during and after contraction of bullfrog sartorius muscles by using 31P-NMR. The intracellular pH was 7.04 in resting muscles at 4 degrees C and an alkalinization by as much as 0.08 pH unit occurred following 5 s tetanic contraction. During the recovery period after contraction the increased level of intracellular pH returned to the resting level, the time course of which coincided with that of the recovery of the Pi concentration. Based on the changes in the intracellular pH and Pi concentration, the buffering power was estimated to be 18 mM/pH unit. PMID- 6609843 TI - A novel type of crystallin in the frog eye lens. 35-kDa polypeptide is not homologous to any of the major classes of lens crystallins. AB - The nucleotide sequence of a cloned DNA coding for the 35-kDa polypeptide of the eye lens of the frog (Rana temporaria) has been determined. The sequence without connectors and poly(A) tract is 889 nucleotides in length and shows no homology with sequences coding for other classes of crystallins: alpha-, beta-, gamma- or delta-crystallins. The sequence contains one reading frame 675 nucleotides in length, an apparently intact 3'-non-translated region with the polyadenylation signal sequence and a poly(A) tract; the 5'-non-translated region is lost along with part of the coding region; this accounts for about 1/4 of the total mRNA length. The secondary structure prediction according to the Ptitsin - Finkelstein method shows the presence of predominantly beta-strands with only a few alpha helical regions. We conclude that the 35-kDa polypeptide from the frog eye lens belongs to a new class of eye lens crystallins for which we propose the name epsilon-crystallin. PMID- 6609844 TI - [Specific immunological factors of protection against infection]. PMID- 6609845 TI - [Nature of the phasic component of potassium contracture in the frog myocardium]. AB - High concentrations (4 X 10(-6) g/ml) of D-600 or BAY-1040 applied for 15 min to rhythmically stimulated strip of frog ventricular myocardium inhibited both the twitches and the K-contracture phasic component induced by 200 mM K+ (in the presence of 110 mM Na+). The phasic component, however, also disappeared after a 15-20-min resting in the Ringer solution before substitution of the latter with high K solution. Such a suppression of the phasic component due to myocardiac inactivity was prevented by an increase in Ca ion concentration up to 10 mM or by addition of ouabain (5 X 10(-6) M) to the Ringer solution during the resting period. The increase in [Ca++]0 was effective even after a 15-min preliminary resting in the Ringer solution. In these conditions the amplitude of the phasic component increased as the time of myocardium exposure to high Ca Ringer solution was prolonged from 5 to 15 min. Loading of some intracellular Ca stores seems to be a prerequisite for the phasic K-contractures generation. PMID- 6609846 TI - Binding of gene 32 protein from phage T4 and recA gene product from E. coli to fluorescent single-stranded polynucleotides. PMID- 6609847 TI - [An analysis and identification of urinary steroids in normal people and patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency and urinary excretion patterns]. AB - Urinary steroids in normal males and females, whose ages ranged from 7 to 73, and 5 patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency, 2 twin cases and a singleton case, were analyzed in some detail by gas-liquid chromatography (GCL) and our newly developed pretreatment procedure. Thereby, 40 steroids were found in the urine and two of them, pregnanetetrol -20 beta and pregnenetetrol -20 beta, which have so far not been reported in biological reports, were identified in the patients' urine. The differences in the steroid synthesis, as for sex and age, were confirmed by the results. Although the ratio, androsterone (An)/etiocholanolone (Et) was not so characteristic of sex as has been reported, a ratio: 11 beta-HO An/11 beta-HO-Et was more characteristic of sex. That is, normal adult females had ratios below 5.1, and normal adult males were divided into two groups: one with a ratio below 5.1 and the other. The patients excreted not only large quantities of steroids lacking the hydroxyl group at C-21 position, which were never found in any of the urine from the normals, but also significant amounts of 21-HO-steroids that might explain steroid synthesis through by-pass ways or efficiencies of synthesis in these cases. The excretion and the ratios differed to an appreciable degree among the cases but not so greatly between the twin cases. This suggests that the detailing urinary steroid excretion represents a proper genetic expression of the enzyme activities on the biosynthesis and the metabolisms of steroids. PMID- 6609848 TI - Interference of epidermal growth factor with the proliferation of PHA-stimulated lymphocytes in normal and psoriatics. PMID- 6609849 TI - Immunological responsiveness of the pigeon (Columba livia) following neonatal bursectomy. AB - Pigeon squabs in two separate experiments were surgically bursectomized ( BSX ), surgically sham bursectomized ( SBSX ), or maintained as non-surgical controls (CON). Surgical procedures were performed within 2 hr of hatching. Primary and secondary hemagglutinin (HA) responses, as well as mercaptoethanol sensitive (ME S) and resistant (ME-R) levels, to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were quantitated. BSX did not reduce HA responses, nor ME-S and ME-R levels. PMID- 6609850 TI - DNA content and proliferation of rat thymocytes. AB - Scanning microdensitometric analysis of Feulgen stained thymocytes from rats aged 1 to 71 days revealed the presence of a number of waves of cell proliferation which may correlate with the development of functionally distinct T-cell subpopulations. In addition, considerable numbers of hypodiploid cells were seen. It is tentatively suggested that thymocyte development involves reduction division and replication of the haploid chromosomes so produced, prior to cell proliferation. PMID- 6609851 TI - Differentiation of thymic lymphoid cells during human embryogenesis. PMID- 6609852 TI - Evidence for the existence of an IL-2-like lymphocyte growth promoting factor in a bony fish, Cyprinus carpio. AB - Activity promoting the growth of carp T-like cells has been found in supernatants of mitogen (PHA)- and alloantigen (MLR)-stimulated carp leukocyte cultures. Activity level in culture supernatants was elevated by phorbol myristate acetate. Proliferation of carp T-like lymphoblasts was also promoted in the presence of Il 2-containing supernatants of mammalian origin. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 6609853 TI - Directed mutagenesis as a technique to study protein function: application to beta-lactamase. PMID- 6609854 TI - Development of hindlimb locomotor behavior in the frog. AB - Hindlimb motor behavior of the larval frog (tadpole) begins during midlarval life and occurs with increasing frequency until the tail degenerates during metamorphosis. The threshold for hindlimb withdrawal in response to tactile stimulation is low during premetamorphic stages and rises dramatically during metamorphosis. Testing tadpoles in different environments altered the stage of development at which different hindlimb behaviors were first observed but did not change the ontogenetic sequence of behavioral development. However, even under conditions most favorable to hindlimb locomotion, behavioral expression lagged behind electrophysiological expression. The rates of tail beating, hindlimb stepping, and frog kicks are similar to the rate of bursting of tail and hindlimb motoneurons of the isolated nervous system, but their coordination is variable, whereas that recorded from the isolated CNS is fixed. Because neural mechanisms of hindlimb locomotion are functional prior to their behavioral use, the basic hindlimb locomotor circuits must develop without benefit of practice or sensory feedback. However, sensory activity modulates coordination and alters the probability that particular behaviors will be expressed. Implications of these results for studies of early behavior in other species, and the problem of inferring neural maturity from behavioral observations, are discussed. PMID- 6609855 TI - Decreased synthesis of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - Synthesis of interleukin-2 (IL-2) by lymphocytes from 26 insulin-dependent diabetic subjects (IDDM) was compared with that by lymphocytes from 24 nondiabetic control subjects. The control group produced 1.001 +/- 0.071 U/ml (mean +/- SEM). The IDDM group, containing patients diagnosed between 5 days and 10 yr before testing, produced only 0.59 +/- 0.050 U/ml (P less than 0.002). IL-2 synthesis by 6 non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects (NIDDM) was not decreased (mean +/- SEM, 1.20 +/- 0.04 U/ml). Moreover, decreased levels of IL-2 production was found with lymphocytes of patients in good control, as well as those in poor control. These data suggest that decreased IL-2 synthesis is specific for IDDM, not explainable solely as a consequence of poor metabolic control, and thus, might be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. PMID- 6609856 TI - Prevalence of cerebral palsy in the biracial population of Copiah County, Mississippi. AB - As part of a door-to-door survey of major neurological disorders, the prevalence of cerebral palsy was ascertained in the institutionalized and non institutionalized biracial population of Copiah County, Mississippi. The over-all prevalence ratio was 212 per 100,000 inhabitants. For whites, as for blacks, males had a higher prevalence ratio than females. For both sexes, blacks had a higher prevalence ratio, but the race difference was not striking. Prevalence ratios declined with age. Other findings are presented on clinical features and degree of disability. PMID- 6609857 TI - An evaluation of the one-day NBT-PABA/14C-PABA in the assessment of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. AB - The one-day NBT-PABA/14C-PABA has been performed on 58 consecutive subjects with suspected or established pancreatic disease. 23 of these were normal subjects, 12 were subsequently shown to have other gastrointestinal disease and 23 had proven pancreatic disease. A PABA excretion index (PEI) has been calculated and, using our lower limit of normality (0.61), the test has shown an overall sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 89%. False positives were a particular problem in the other gastrointestinal disease group (25%). There was a close correlation between PEI and Lundh mean tryptic activity (r = 0.89). These results indicate that this test is a satisfactory screening test for pancreatic exocrine disease and is easier to perform with less likelihood of error than many other non-invasive tests of pancreatic function. PMID- 6609858 TI - Toxicological features of T-2 toxin and related trichothecenes. AB - Toxicological characteristics of T-2 toxin and related trichothecenes, mycotoxins produced by Fusarium, Trichoderma, Verrucaria, and others, were investigated in regard to LD50 values, dermal toxicity, hematological changes, and tumorigenicity. The LD50 values (mg/kg) of T-2 toxin in adult male mice were po 10.5, ip 5.2, sc 2.1, and iv 4.2, and those of nivalenol were ip 4.1 and iv 6.3. These data showed that the lethal toxicity of T-2 toxin and nivalenol was about 10 times higher than deoxynivalenol . Newborn and immature animals were much more susceptible than adults. Inhalation experiments with T-2 toxin revealed that 33 ppb T-2 toxin for 160-min and 140 ppb T-2 toxin for 30-min exposure were enough to cause death in mice within several days. The dermal toxicity of T-2 toxin and macrocyclic trichothecenes ( verrucarin A and roridin A) was significantly higher than the other trichothecenes, and the induction of edema and other dermal toxicities is caused by direct attack of the trichothecenes on the capillary vessels. No tumorigenicity of fusarenon-X to dermal tissues was shown in mice. Pretreatments of mice with SH-compounds, prednisolon , phenobarbital, and 3 methylcholanthrene did not change the LD50 value of T-2 toxin. PMID- 6609859 TI - Comparison of antimetastatic effect against Lewis lung carcinoma after intratumoral and intravenous injections of cell-wall skeleton of Propionibacterium acnes C7 in C57BL/6 mice. AB - Antimetastatic activity of cell-wall skeleton of Propionibacterium acnes C7 (P. acnes-CWS) in C57BL/6 mice varied depending on the injection route. The kinetics of antimetastatic effect against Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) revealed that the sooner intratumoral (it) injection of P. acnes-CWS was carried out, the better the result. However, intravenous (iv) injection of P. acnes-CWS produced the best result if P. acnes-CWS was injected at about the time when metastases began to develop in the lungs. Pretreatment with intrafootpad (ifp) injection of P. acnes CWS inhibited primary tumor growth and subsequent pulmonary metastases especially when given 7 days before tumor inoculation into the same footpad, but tended to enhance artificial pulmonary metastases when given 7 days before iv injection of tumor cells. In contrast, pretreatment with iv injection of P. acnes-CWS enhanced spontaneous pulmonary metastases especially when given 7 days before ifp inoculation of tumor cells, but inhibited artificial pulmonary metastases when given one day or 7 days before iv injection of tumor cells. These results suggest the difficulty of treatment of tumor metastases with immunological adjuvants. In T-cell-deprived mice, it injection of P. acnes-CWS showed no antimetastatic effect against 3LL, but iv injection was still effective. This indicates that T cells are required for the antimetastatic effect of it injection of P. acnes-CWS, but iv injection of P. acnes-CWS is able to inhibit pulmonary metastases in T cell-deprived mice. PMID- 6609860 TI - Distinctive sensitivity of some T-leukemia cell lines to L-asparaginase. AB - Forty-two human hematopoietic cell lines were assessed for sensitivity to a four day incubation with L-asparaginase. Eight of 13 T-leukemia cell lines and 1 of 7 non-T, non-B common acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines exhibited an ID50 (50% growth inhibition dose) of less than 0.0001 IU/ml. Seven of these sensitive cell lines were further cultured in L-asparagine-free medium and were found not to proliferate. Five T-leukemia cell lines, 6 non-T, non-B common acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines, 10 "abnormal" B-cell lines, 4 "normal" B-cell lines, 3 myeloma cell lines and 5 myeloid leukemia cell lines had ID50 values between 0.1 and 1.0 IU/ml. Twelve of these resistant cell lines were able to proliferate in L-asparagine-depleted medium. The results indicate that some patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia might respond to this enzymatic antineoplastic drug, L-asparaginase, at low dose. PMID- 6609861 TI - Carcinoid of the duodenum: a report of six cases. AB - Duodenal carcinoid tumors are rare. Six cases of primary duodenal carcinoid tumors are presented. Analysis of these cases indicates that the radiographic appearance can vary from a benign-appearing intramural submucosal mass lesion to a large bulky ulcerating lesion. All cases in this series followed a benign course. One patient has survived over 30 years with proven regional and hepatic metastases. This patient showed regression of the duodenal lesion following embolization for control of severe hemorrhage. PMID- 6609862 TI - Role of submandibular saliva and epidermal growth factor in gastric cytoprotection. AB - The role of submandibular epidermal growth factor in protection of the gastric mucosa was investigated in rats. Removal of the submandibular glands and thereby submandibular epidermal growth factor (EGF) caused rats to develop gastric lesions (ulcerations and ulcers) after administration of the duodenal ulcerogen cysteamine. The median output of EGF in gastric juice was reduced from 45.6 pmol/12 h (total range 17.5-65.0) in unoperated controls to less than 0.06 pmol/12 h (total range less than 0.06-1.82) in rats given cysteamine after extirpation of the submandibular glands. The contents of EGF in the submandibular glands was unchanged during cysteamine treatment. Furthermore, the effects of intragastric instillation of exogenous EGF, infusion of saliva without EGF, and infusion of saliva with a high concentration of EGF on the development of cysteamine-induced gastric lesions were investigated in rats without submandibular glands. Exogenous EGF and saliva with a high but still physiological concentration of EGF significantly reduced the median area in the stomach displaying ulcers and ulcerations, whereas saliva without EGF had no effect. Although EGF is a known inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, the dose used in the present study had no effect on gastric acid secretion in chronic gastric fistula rats; removal of the submandibular glands also did not have any such effect. We conclude that exocrine secretion of submandibular EGF has a cytoprotective function in the stomach, an effect that may be physiological. PMID- 6609863 TI - Peptides, sulfhydryls, and glucocorticoids in gastric mucosal defense: coincidence or connection? PMID- 6609864 TI - Effect of segmental epidural analgesia on changes in peripheral blood leucocyte counts, lymphocyte subpopulations, and in vitro transformation in healthy parturients and their newborns. AB - Changes in the peripheral blood leucocyte count, lymphocyte subpopulations, and in 'in vitro' responses of lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin and tuberculin after induced labour were investigated in 10 normal parturients and their newborns. Every other parturient was given segmental epidural analgesia at level T 10-12 for pain relief during the first stage of labour. The remaining mothers served as controls. The results of blood samples taken from the mothers before induction of labour and from the newborns immediately after delivery served as basal values against which the results of samples drawn on the 1st and on the 5th day following delivery were compared. A significant (p less than 0.05) increase from the basal values in the total leucocyte count after delivery was found only in those mothers not given epidural analgesia and in their newborns. Similarly, a significant (p less than 0.01) decrease in the T cell count characterized by both E rosette formation and acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase staining was found in the peripheral blood only in the mothers (but not the newborns) without epidural analgesia. The differences between the research groups were not, however, significant. The lymphocyte response to phytohaemagglutinin on the 1st and on the 5th day after delivery was also significantly (p less than 0.05) lower in the newborns of the mothers not given epidural analgesia than in those of the mothers given it. The present results show that the depression induced by the stress of parturition in some parameters of cell-mediated immunity of mothers and newborns can be at least partly prevented by using segmental epidural analgesia. PMID- 6609865 TI - [Massive hemorrhage and perforation of the terminal ileum due to typhoid fever]. PMID- 6609866 TI - [Hemorrhaging esophageal varices--Drug therapy and endoscopic sclerosing of varices]. AB - Acute bleeding from esophageal varices is complicated by a mortality rate of 30 80%, which is reduced by sclerosing therapy to 20-38%. Sclerosing therapy also prevents recurrent bleeds, long-term survival rate seems not to be improved significantly. The decision to shunt procedures after recompensation of liver function is still discussed controversially . PMID- 6609867 TI - [Anti-Gm and anti-Km antibodies in Japanese sera. Incidence, specificity, occurrence and physicochemical characteristics of antibodies to Gm and Km antigens]. PMID- 6609868 TI - Bleeding cecal typhoid ulcer. Value of emergency angiography for selective surgical hemostasis. AB - A case of bleeding cecal typhoid ulcer in a 22-year-old patient demonstrated by superior mesenteric arteriography is described. An attempt to stop hemorrhage using intraarterial vasopressin infusion, failed. However, arteriography proved helpful in locating the bleeding site, and in permitting conservative surgery, namely cecal ulcer suture to achieve hemostasis. On the basis of this case and a review of the literature, management of complicating hemorrhage resulting from typhoid fever is discussed, with particular reference to radiological procedures. PMID- 6609869 TI - In vivo effect of progesteron and estrogen on thymus mass and T-cell functions in female mice. AB - Progesteron and estradiol, administered in doses equivalent to those used for therapy caused a marked transient reduction of the thymus mass, but did not affect the cellularity of other lymphoid organs. Humoral and cellular immune response of the hormone-treated mice was normal at the time of thymus involution. The same was true for the stem-cell differentiation capacity. The remaining thymus cells after hormone treatment showed increased DNA-synthesis. PMID- 6609870 TI - Measurement of azygos venous blood flow by a continuous thermal dilution technique: an index of blood flow through gastroesophageal collaterals in cirrhosis. AB - A method to quantitate blood flow through the gastroesophageal collaterals in portal hypertensive patients was developed. Since gastroesophageal collaterals drain into the azygos system, it is postulated that measurement of blood flow in the azygos vein should provide a quantitative measurement of gastroesophageal collateral blood flow changes in portal hypertensive patients. Azygos blood flow was measured using a double thermodilution catheter directed under fluoroscopy to the azygos vein. Ten patients with alcoholic cirrhosis were studied. Five of these patients had a history of repeated bleeding from gastroesophageal varices (Group I). The azygos blood flow in these patients was 596 +/- 78 ml per min. The other five patients all had decompressive surgery of the portal system (Group II). In these patients the azygos venous blood flow was 305 +/- 29 ml per min (p less than 0.01). The coefficient of variation of repeated baseline measurements was of 4.4 +/- 0.6%. The azygos venous blood flow measurement is a rapid, simple and sensitive method to evaluate blood flow changes in the vessels involved in gastroesophageal bleeding due to portal hypertension. PMID- 6609871 TI - Propranolol in portal hypertension: problems in paradise? PMID- 6609872 TI - The misuse of cimetidine in patients with cirrhosis. PMID- 6609873 TI - Precocious thymic involution manifest by epithelial injury in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - Thymuses from six heterosexual Haitian patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) were studied by light microscopy and the findings were compared with those from three control groups. The control groups included 1) five age-matched Haitian hospital patients; 2) ten age- and sex-matched Montreal patients who had died suddenly or had had brief illnesses; and 3) 20 middle elderly Montreal patients who had experienced chronic, wasting illnesses or prolonged hospitalization. Thymuses from patients with AIDS demonstrated pronounced involution, effacement of the cortex and medulla, marked thymocyte depletion, variable degrees of plasma cell infiltration and fibrosis, and, above all, absence of Hassall's corpuscles. Thymuses from Haitian and Montreal control subjects who had died suddenly or had brief illnesses demonstrated minimal involution and abundant Hassall's corpuscles. Although thymuses from 12 of the chronically ill control subjects demonstrated marked involution, architectural effacement, and absence of Hassall's corpuscles, partial architectural preservation and variable numbers of Hassall's corpuscles were observed in eight of these subjects. Thus, the extent of thymic involution observed in patients with AIDS antedates that incurred with aging and supersedes that induced by sustained stress and inanition. The loss of Hassall's corpuscles in patients with AIDS suggests that the thymic epithelium either incurs a form of injury or undergoes precocious involution during the illness. Whether this lesion is central to the pathogenesis of AIDS or merely a reflection of intense, sustained stress coupled with accelerated physiologic involution is unknown. It is possible that the disappearance of Hassall's corpuscles may indicate important, although as yet cryptic events within the thymic microenvironment in this syndrome. PMID- 6609874 TI - Gastrointestinal angiodysplasia: a possible component of von Willebrand's disease. AB - Evidence in the literature suggests that von Willebrand's disease constitutes part of a mesenchymal syndrome accompanied by coagulopathy. The cases of two patients with symptomatic intestinal angiodysplasia and concurrent von Willebrand's disease are summarized along with the eight cases previously reported in the literature. All ten cases were in adults ranging in age from 34 to 80 years (average, 58 years). The vascular lesions were located in the stomach or duodenum (four cases), right colon (three cases), and terminal ileum (two cases). One patient had angiodysplasia of the stomach, jejunum, and sigmoid colon. While the prevalence is unknown, these ten cases linking gastrointestinal angiodysplasia with von Willebrand's disease appear to reflect an association greater than more coincidence. Coagulation testing, including determination of template bleeding time and partial thromboplastin time, should probably be performed in all patients bleeding from gastrointestinal angiodysplasia to screen for von Willebrand's disease. PMID- 6609875 TI - Cellular composition of hypersensitivity-type granulomas: immunohistochemical analysis of tuberculous and sarcoidal lymphadenitis. AB - In four cases of sarcoidal and five cases of tuberculous lymphadenitis, the cellular composition of hypersensitivity-type granulomas was investigated by the application of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to cryostat sections. The composition of the granulomas was the same in the two disorders; they consisted of centrally placed OKM1 + OKIa + epithelioid histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells, together with few OKT4 + helper/inducer and many OKT8 + suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes, some of which expressed Ia-like antigens. B lymphocytes were notably absent from this central part but formed a mantle around each granuloma and expressed predominantly or only IgD at their surfaces. Between the perigranulomatous cuff and the central epithelioid histiocytes, OKT8 + lymphocytes were distributed in a ring-like manner. The results suggest that the underlying immunologic mechanisms in sarcoidosis and tuberculosis are similar. Multinucleated giant cells may function as antigen-processing and -presenting accessory cells, and activated T cells, of either the helper or the suppressor type, may be operative in delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. The presence of a predominance of IgD or of IgD alone at the surface of the perigranulomatous B lymphocytes may be related to a block in their terminal maturation stage, a defect in accessory cells, the presence of a local population of suppressor cells, or to the importance of IgD in granulomatous disorders. PMID- 6609876 TI - A macrophage factor enhancing the systemic anti-tumour effect of T lymphocytes. AB - Spleen cells sensitized to tumour cells have an anti-tumour effect on injected syngeneic lymphosarcoma cells in mice. This study shows that this anti-tumour effect can be enhanced by induced peritoneal macrophages and by macrophage-like tumour cells (macrophages). Addition of macrophages to the intraperitoneally injected sensitized spleen cells stimulated the anti-tumour effect. This was observed both with intraperitoneally injected tumour cells and with subcutaneously transplanted tumour cells. The anti-tumour effect is the result of a cooperation between T cells and macrophages. In vitro incubation of immune T cells with macrophages or macrophage-like cells enhanced the in vivo anti-tumour activity of the sensitized T-lymphocytes. Neither the presence of antigen nor the proliferation of the immune T-cells were a prerequisite to enhance this anti tumour effect. Our experiments suggest that a macrophage factor is responsible for the enhancement of the anti-tumour effect. Based on the results of this paper and other studies we propose the following sequence of events to explain the anti tumour effect of injected sensitized T-lymphocytes and macrophages: injected macrophages enhance the anti-tumour effect of sensitized lymphocytes. These stimulated lymphocytes migrate to the tumour located elsewhere and recognize the tumour antigens. Subsequently, the lymphocytes render (host) macrophages in the tumour cytotoxic to tumour cells. PMID- 6609877 TI - Mitogenic effect of earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) coelomic fluid on mouse and human lymphocytes. AB - We have cultured mouse and human lymphocytes with earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) coelomic fluid and measured their mitogenic responses. Normal fluid was collected from untreated worms, while induced fluid was harvested from worms injected 24 h earlier with rabbit erythrocytes. At low protein concentrations in the coelomic fluid, human and mouse lymphocytes were significantly activated, as measured by incorporation of 3HTdr. The activation index for induced fluid was approximately 2.5 times that for uninduced fluid. Separation of mouse lymphocytes into B- and T-cell populations revealed that primarily T cells were activated. Normal and induced coelomic fluid contains 12 and 28 electrophoretic bands and agglutinin titers of 32 and 1024, respectively. Addition of agglutinin inhibitors or absorption of agglutinins from coelomic fluid did not alter levels of mitogenic activity, thus the relation between earthworm agglutinins and mitogens is problematic. Techniques designed to separate and purify the agglutinins are in progress to elucidate this point. PMID- 6609878 TI - In vivo differentiation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. 1. Serum factor in immunized athymic (nu/nu) mice could differentiate CTL precursor. AB - Mature cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were hardly detected by 51Cr-release assay in the spleen of C3H/He mice after an intravenous injection of spleen cells of C57BL/6 (B6) mice. B6-specific CTL generation was augmented by transfer of sera obtained from C3H/He mice inoculated subcutaneously with EL-4 cells of B6 origin, P815 cells of DBA/2 origin or MH134 cells of C3H/HeN origin or these injected intraperitoneally with sheep or chicken erythrocytes. Such a factor can be produced also by athymic (nu/nu) mice. Such an augmentation of cytotoxicity was detected also in the regional lymph nodes after subcutaneous injection of allogeneic spleen cells. This factor may be different from augmenting factors reported already. PMID- 6609879 TI - The biochemical study of rat T-cell growth factor (interleukin 2). AB - T-cell growth factor (interleukin 2) was partially purified from the conditioned medium from Con A-stimulated rat splenocytes. It had the molecular weight of 23,000 according to gel filtration and in the range of 17,000-18,000 daltons according to PAGE in the presence of SDS. The molecular forms of IL 2 exhibited isoelectric points (pI) of 5.4-5.8 (major peak), 4.3-4.5 and 6.5-6.8 (minor peaks). T-cell growth-promoting activity was remarkably stable to temperature, pH, SDS and 2-ME treatments. Rat IL 2 did not bind to immobilized Con A, WGA, RC 1, and fucose-binding protein. The conditioned medium also contained the inhibitor of IL 2-dependent T-cell proliferation. PMID- 6609880 TI - The use of flow calorimetry in antigen-antibody reactions. AB - The binding of anti-IgM IgG to human monoclonal IgM has been studied calorimetrically and results have been compared with parallel turbidity measurements of the same reaction. In the first series of experiments using the flow calorimeter equipped with a mixing cell, varied flow rates gave identical values for the thermic contribution, indicating that the same quantity of heat was evolved in the different time intervals in which the reaction mixture was in the calorimetric cell. In the second set of experiments a flow-through cell was used. Reactants were mixed outside the calorimeter and no heat was detected upon entry of the pre-mixed reactants into the calorimetric cell. Results suggest that heat is evolved instantaneously upon mixing and no heat is produced during aggregation. Antibody-antigen binding can be followed in the absence of precipitation, as may occur in reactions involving monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6609881 TI - Beta-lactamases of five multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 6609882 TI - Epidemiology of Fasciolopsis buski in Uttar Pradesh. PMID- 6609883 TI - 'T'-cell-reaction in x cases of Eales' disease. PMID- 6609884 TI - Normal testicular volume in school children of low socio-economic group. PMID- 6609885 TI - Macrophages as effector cells of protective immunity in murine schistosomiasis: macrophage activation in mice vaccinated with radiation-attenuated cercariae. AB - Cell-mediated immune responses contributing to macrophage activation were compared in mice that demonstrated partial resistance to challenge Schistosoma mansoni infection as a result of vaccination with radiation-attenuated cercariae or of ongoing low-grade primary infection. Vaccinated mice developed significant delayed hypersensitivity reactions to soluble schistosome antigens in vivo. Splenocytes from vaccinated animals responded to in vitro culture with various specific antigens (soluble adult worm extract, living or disrupted schistosomula) by proliferation and production of macrophage-activating lymphokines as did lymphocytes from S. mansoni-infected animals. Macrophage-activating factors produced by spleen cells from vaccinated mice upon specific antigen stimulation eluted as a single peak on Sephadex G-100 with a molecular weight of approximately 50,000 and contained gamma interferon activity. Moreover, peritoneal macrophages with larvicidal and tumoricidal activity were recovered from vaccinated mice after intraperitoneal challenge with soluble schistosome antigens, a procedure also observed to elicit activated macrophages in S. mansoni infected animals. These observations demonstrate that vaccination with irradiated cercariae stimulates many of the same cellular responses observed after primary S. mansoni infection, and suggest that lymphokine-activated macrophages may participate in the effector mechanism of vaccine-induced and concomitant immunity to challenge schistosome infection. This is the first demonstration of a potential immune effector mechanism in the irradiated vaccine model. PMID- 6609886 TI - Effect of bacterial secondary infection in an animal model of trachoma. AB - In trachoma the interaction between chronic chlamydial and acute bacterial conjuntivitis has been suggested as important in determining the severity of disease and, therefore, blindness. We investigated the effect of acute conjunctival infection with each of three common human pathogens, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus aegyptius , and Streptococcus pneumoniae, in a model of trachoma established in cynomolgus monkeys. Although acute conjunctivitis developed, animals with trachoma were not more susceptible to infection than other monkeys, nor did they develop more severe disease as a result of the bacterial conjunctivitis. The failure of bacterial conjunctivitis to exacerbate the experimental trachoma indicates that, in this model at least, chronically maintained chlamydial infection alone is sufficient to produce the changes characteristic of trachoma. PMID- 6609887 TI - Age-associated changes of the characteristics of autoantibody-forming cells in NZB/W mice. AB - Age-associated change of characteristics of anti-double-stranded (ds) DNA antibody-forming cells in the NZB/W mouse spleen was studied. These cells in mice aged 9-11 months, which develop high titer anti-ds DNA antibody formation, produced antibody without the help of T cells or pokeweed mitogen (PWM), adhered to Sephadex G-10, and sedimented to the bottom when applied to Ficoll-Paque solution. On the other hand, these cells in relatively young (7- to 8-month-old) mice, which develop low titer anti-ds DNA antibody formation, produced antibody maximally with the help of T cells and PWM, adhered little to Sephadex G-10, and fractionated into intermediate lymphocyte fractions when applied to Ficoll-Paque solution. Collectively, anti-ds DNA antibody-forming cells in NZB/W mice were shown to change their characteristics with age. PMID- 6609888 TI - Cross-reactivity of IgE antibodies with allergens in birch pollen, fruits and vegetables. AB - Allergens extracted from apple, carrot, celery tuber and orange were coupled to radioallergosorbent test (RAST) discs. These and commercial birch, mugwort and timothy pollen discs were used to study sera from 90 patients for the presence of IgE antibodies which react with the allergens in question. Individual sera frequently gave positive results with several discs - in particular with birch pollen, apple, carrot and celery tuber discs. If IgE antibodies to birch pollen or apple allergens were detected, there was a 90% chance of antibodies being found also to the second one of these two source materials. Skin tests and patient histories indicated similar clustering of allergies. RAST inhibition experiments showed that the clustering phenomenon was due to cross-reactivity. All immunological determinants in fruits and vegetables appeared to be present also in birch pollen, but all birch pollen determinants were not present in fruits and vegetables. 45 children with atopic dermatitis were studied to establish whether a positive orange RAST would correlate with a history of atopic dermatitis aggravated by orange. The results were negative. PMID- 6609889 TI - IgA antibody produced by local presentation of antigen in orally primed rats. AB - The effect of the introduction of antigen by gastric intubation on the locally stimulated mammary gland IgA antibody (Ab) response was examined. Rats receiving a particulate DNP antigen by gastric intubation prior to injection in the vicinity of the mammary glands ( MGV ) demonstrated increased levels of IgA Ab in milk. Soluble DNP antigen introduction by gastric intubation did not lead to increased IgA Ab levels in milk. Prior administration of either form of DNP antigen by gastric intubation did not affect the IgG response. Only those rats receiving particulate DNP antigen by intubation demonstrated salivary IgA Ab. Particulate forms of antigen administered by intubation can provide a means of increasing the locally induced IgA response at a secretory site. PMID- 6609890 TI - Differentiation of ovine immature B cells upon exposure to phorbol myristate acetate. AB - Immature B cells obtained from the ileal Peyer's patches ( IPPs ) of sheep, upon exposure to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), expressed 20-30 times more sIgM per cell than nonstimulated IPP cells, and the sIgM level was the same as that of peripheral B cells. The exposure of IPP cells to PMA also induced IgM secretion. Macrophages were not required for the terminal differentiation of IPP cells in vitro. PMID- 6609891 TI - The enhancement of tumor cell susceptibility to macrophage binding and cytolysis by p-aminobenzoic acid-N-xyloside sodium salt (K-247). AB - The enhancement of tumor cell susceptibility to macrophage binding and cytolysis by the pretreatment of tumor cells by p-aminobenzoic acid-N-xyloside sodium salt (K-247) was investigated in the C3H/He mouse-syngeneic tumor system. Binding and cytolytic activities of Corynebacterium parvum-activated macrophages were significantly enhanced when target MM-102 and MH-134 cells were pretreated with K 247 at doses of 200 or 400 micrograms/ml, while thioglycollate-elicited macrophages showed much lower binding and lytic activities against K-247 pretreated target cells. No enhancement of these activities were observed when target cells were pretreated with D-xylose, which had no anti-tumor activity. Furthermore, in a binding assay a significant reduction of macrophage binding to target cells by the K-247 pretreated cold competitors was observed. It is suggested that target cell susceptibility to macrophage cytolytic activity might be enhanced by pretreatment with K-247, involving an initially increased target binding. PMID- 6609893 TI - Resistance to 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide of T cells involved in cell mediated antibacterial immunity. AB - 4-Hydroperoxycyclophosphamide is a derivative of cyclophosphamide which in vitro is converted into an active metabolite of cyclophosphamide. This compound was used to define the relative susceptibilities of T cells involved in the immune response of mice to the intracellular pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes. L. monocytogenes-specific T cell proliferation and interleukin production in vitro, as well as adoptive protection and delayed-type hypersensitivity in vivo, all proved to be markedly resistant to the action of 4-hydroperoxy-cyclophosphamide, indicating a great homogeneity within the cellular immune response to intracellular pathogens. PMID- 6609892 TI - Kinetics of the effect of a single dose of cyclosporin-A on antibody and cell mediated immune responses in the guinea pig. AB - The effect of 100 mg/kg cyclosporin-A (CS-A), given as a single dose either before or after immunization, on antibody levels and skin test reactivity was investigated. CS-A was found to suppress both primary and secondary anti-hapten and anti-carrier IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies. However, CS-A was also capable of inducing enhanced anti-hapten antibodies. CS-A showed a similar effect on contact sensitivity reactions to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) as has been shown for cyclophosphamide (CY) in that, given before sensitization, skin reactions were enhanced, whereas given after sensitization they were suppressed. However, the effect of CS-A on the T-cell proliferation in the lymph node, draining the site of sensitization to DNFB, differed from that of CY. Although CS-A induced a depression of T-cell proliferation, this suppression was more prolonged than that found in CY treated animals. Also, these draining lymph nodes never showed increased T-cell proliferation as did those in animals treated with CY before sensitization. This work demonstrates that a single dose of CS-A can both suppress or enhance antibody production and delayed hypersensitivity. The timing of the dose of CS-A in relation to the time of primary immunization is important. However, both IgG1 and IgG2 primary and secondary antibody responses can be altered. Comparison with the effect of CY on antibody levels and contact sensitivity would indicate that in some ways CS-A reacts similarly to antimitotic agents and in other ways is different. PMID- 6609894 TI - Theophylline-sensitive and theophylline-resistant E-rosette-forming cells in leprosy. PMID- 6609895 TI - Radiogenic initiation of thyroid cancer: a common cellular event. AB - A transplantation system for clonogenic cells in rat thyroid was used, which allows quantitative evaluation of both the acute cytotoxicity and the late neoplastic effects of ionizing radiation at the cellular level in vivo. We have obtained direct experimental evidence that radiogenic initiation of neoplasia in vivo is a common cellular event, and that cell number influences the expression of initiation. Ten per cent of those graft sites which had received 26 clonogens surviving 5 Gy developed carcinomas, while 4 per cent of those which received 26 unirradiated clonogens developed carcinomas. By comparison, 26 per cent of the sites that were inoculated with 411 surviving irradiated clonogens developed carcinomas while none of the 38 transplant sites that received 411 unirradiated clonogens developed carcinomas. Total tumour incidence (carcinomas plus adenomas) followed the same pattern. PMID- 6609896 TI - The development of thermotolerance in hyperthermal injury to the villus compartment of mouse small intestine. AB - The development and decay of thermotolerance in the villus compartment of the intestinal mucosa of mouse was investigated by giving a primary treatment of 41.5 degrees C for 1 hour (subthreshold for thermal injury) at various intervals before a second, test treatment of 43.0 degrees C for 30 min. The test treatment was given 65 hours after an intraperitoneal injection of 3H-thymidine (i.e. at a time when the heavily labelled cells could be seen to have moved from the crypts on to the upper halves of the villi) and thermal damage assessed by loss of radioactive label. A transient tolerance to the second treatment was induced by the primary treatment. This 'thermotolerance' was maximal 3-13 hours after the first treatment and had decayed by 24 hours. Both the extent and time course of expression and decay of thermotolerance in this post-mitotic functional compartment were very similar to those previously reported for damage to the proliferative epithelium as assayed by crypt loss. This suggests either that the kinetics of thermotolerance are not dependent on the proliferative status of the tissue or that there is a common limiting factor in thermotolerance development, despite the apparent difference between the two mucosal compartments in their susceptibilities to thermal injury. PMID- 6609897 TI - Chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes induced by fission neutrons. AB - The dose-response relationships of dicentrics and excess acentrics were analysed after exposure of human lymphocytes to a mixed fission neutron-gamma-ray beam. From the analysis of exclusively first division cells a linear-quadratic relation was obtained for dicentrics with the ratio of linear and quadratic components, zeta, equal to 2.76 Gy. Over the range of doses studied (0.04-1.97 Gy) intratrack events therefore predominated. This also applied to acentrics which were linearly related to dose. At the lowest level of observed effect and dose, r.b.e. values with respect to 60Co gamma-rays of up to about 11 were derived for dicentrics and acentrics. With increasing neutron dose the r.b.e. decreased. PMID- 6609898 TI - Defective Fc-mediated phagocytosis in gamma-irradiated mouse peritoneal macrophages. AB - Ingestion of bovine red blood cells opsonized with IgG, by irradiated and control cultures of mouse peritoneal macrophages, was monitored at various times following exposure to 7.5-20 Gy of 60Co. Radiation produced decreases in the percentage of phagocytic cells and reduced the phagocytic index of the macrophages at 6-10 days post-irradiation. Only a small decrease in the phagocytic index of irradiated cultures was noted on day 3 post-irradiation. Cell survival as monitored by cell number and lactic dehydrogenase release as well as the levels of beta-glucuronidase and lysozyme were less sensitive to radiation exposure than was the phagocytic ability of the cultures. Addition of 8-bromo 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate and prostaglandin E2 to cultures increased the phagocytic ability of both irradiated and control cultures but did not abolish the deficit produced by radiation. The data indicate that in vitro radiation exposure produces time-dependent changes in the ability of mouse peritoneal cells to ingest IgG coated red blood cells. PMID- 6609899 TI - Electrochemical and pulse radiolysis study of misonidazole and its azo and azoxy derivatives. AB - Pulse radiolysis experiments were carried out on methanolic solutions of misonidazole and its azo and azoxy derivatives in order to obtain the spectra of their radical anions. The rate constants for the reaction of these compounds with es- were 2.5 X 10(10), 2.3 X 10(10) and 1.9 X 10(10) M-1 s-1 respectively. The electrochemical properties of the compounds were studied with the aim of producing their radical anions by electrolysis in aprotic medium (DMF, 0.1 M TEAP ). The potentials at cathodic peaks were -1.05, -1.10 and -1.18 V for misonidazole, azo and azoxy derivatives, respectively. The decay of the radical anion of misonidazole, which produces nitrite ions, was studied in particular, the corresponding rate constant being 2.8 X 10(-4) s-1. The possibility of using electrochemistry in the study of these transient species is discussed. PMID- 6609900 TI - Protection against X-irradiation by some orally administered compounds. AB - A number of compounds were studied that protected mice against LD50/30 after X irradiation. For three compounds (WR 109342, WR 158490 and WR 159243) dose reduction factors between 1.7 and 1.8 were obtained after oral administration. Blood taken from mice that had been treated with these protective compounds provided virtually no protection of HeLa cells in vitro, whereas when blood from cysteamine treated mice was tested in vitro, protection could be demonstrated. This may indicate different mechanisms of action. PMID- 6609901 TI - Inhibition of DNA chain elongation in Chinese hamster cells by damage localized behind the replication fork. AB - Chinese hamster fibroblasts were pulse labelled with 5-bromodeoxyuridine and exposed at time intervals (Ti) to near-ultraviolet (U.V.A.) light in the presence of a bisbenzimidazole derivative (Hoechst 33342). The sensitivity of the cells in terms of colony forming ability fluctuated depending on Ti. Inhibition of DNA synthesis also depended on Ti and was maximal when Ti = 0. Using the alkaline elution technique it was shown that the effect of a large dose of light was to inhibit both initiation and elongation of DNA chains. These effects were most pronounced for Ti = 0. It is concluded that DNA damage in an active replicon can inhibit initiation of new replicons and that damage localized behind the replication fork can retard elongation of nascent DNA chains. This effect on chain elongation decreases with increased distance of the damage from the replication fork. PMID- 6609902 TI - DNA-mediated gene transfer into human diploid fibroblasts derived from normal and ataxia-telangiectasia donors: parameters for DNA transfer and properties of DNA transformants. AB - We investigate the feasibility of DNA-mediated gene transfer into human diploid fibroblasts derived from patients with the radiation sensitive syndrome ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) and from a normal donor. Although they are markedly different in their growth characteristics, both normal and A-T strains give similar frequencies for DNA transfer in a model system using the recombinant plasmid pSV2 -gpt. pSV2 -gpt DNA transformants arise with a frequency between 10( 5) and 10(-4) per viable cell. Analysis of such transformants, although possible, is severely handicapped by the limited clonal life span of diploid human cells. Despite these problems it may be concluded that diploid human fibroblasts are competent recipients for DNA-mediated gene transfer and the putative repair deficiency of A-T does not markedly effect the efficiency of this process. PMID- 6609903 TI - Occurrence of Haemophilus influenzae strains in children with respiratory tract infections. AB - In the time period from February 1980 to October 1981, 179 children with upper respiratory tract infections and 67 healthy controls were investigated in Warsaw. The clinical condition of the studied children, the types of the obtained H. influenzae strains and their sensitivity to the antibiotics and sulphamides used most frequently in clinical practice were analyzed. PMID- 6609904 TI - Herpes zoster. PMID- 6609905 TI - Marginal corneal degenerations. PMID- 6609906 TI - Visual and vestibular sources of fixation instability in amblyopia. AB - Extraretinal and visual afferent sources of ocular fixation instability were investigated in a group of strabismic amblyopes. Extraretinal drift-bias was revealed by fixational eye movements in darkness. The resulting dark drift-bias was highly correlated with an imbalance of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). No significant difference in dark drift-bias or VOR imbalance was found between normal and amblyopic observers. Visual afferent sources of fixation instability were revealed by after-effects of nasalward and temporalward retinal image motion upon ocular drifts in the dark (motion after nystagmus) (MAN). Nasalward biases of MAN were significantly greater in amblyopic than nonamblyopic subjects. Directional biases of optokinetic nystagmus in amblyopia were accounted for by normal unindirectional extraretinal drift sources and by an abnormal visual afferent nasal drift-bias of the fixating eye coupled with reduced sensitivity for detecting errors of retinal slip. PMID- 6609907 TI - Vestibulo-ocular and optokinetic deficits in albinos with congenital nystagmus. AB - Vestibular and optokinetic responses were recorded in three albino subjects with congenital nystagmus. Although an ice-water caloric stimulus did not elicit nystagmus, all patients showed a response to rotational stimuli containing high frequency components. Vestibular responses to a constant velocity rotation decremented with abnormally short time constants of 1-2 sec (normal 15-20 sec). For sinusoidal oscillation, in one subject, the cut-off frequency (where the amplitude of the response was 70% of maximum) was increased to 0.8 Hz (normal about 0.01 Hz). Full-field optokinetic stimulation generated no nystagmus response. These abnormalities may be due to defects in networks that act as mathematical integrators : either the final common neural gaze-holding network that converts velocity into position information for the ocular motor neurons or the "velocity-storage" mechanism that normally combines sensory inputs from both the labyrinths and visual system to generate appropriate (per-rotatory) nystagmus during rotation and to suppress inappropriate (post-rotatory) nystagmus after rotation. PMID- 6609908 TI - Epithelioid leiomyoma (leiomyoblastoma) of the stomach. PMID- 6609909 TI - Prostaglandin and thromboxane levels in central nervous system tissues from rats during the induction and development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). AB - Prostaglandin (PG) and thromboxane levels were measured in the spinal cords and cerebellums of rats during the induction, disease and recovery periods of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). In spinal cords PGE and 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha increased to maximum with the onset of neurological symptoms, 11-12 days after inoculation. However, the levels returned to normal at the height of clinical disease, despite the persistence of inflammatory lesions. After an initial fall, PGF2 alpha increased to normal limits, 11-12 days after inoculation, and remained at this level throughout the experiment. In contrast, the cerebellum content of all the eicosanoids decreased prior to the appearance of clinical EAE. PGF2 alpha and 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha concentrations subsequently increased but the PGE and thromboxane levels remained depressed for the duration of the study. The role of the eicosanoids in modulating the immune response to neuroantigen is discussed together with our recent findings in guinea pigs with acute EAE. PMID- 6609910 TI - Comparison of the effects of quercetin with those of other flavonoids on the generation and effector function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - In previous studies (Schwartz et al., 1982) we showed that the naturally occurring plant flavonoid quercetin can inhibit both the in vitro generation and effector function of alloantigen specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). In the present studies, several additional flavonoids of different chemical classes were tested similarly to determine whether structure-function relationships exist. We have found that some other flavonoids, e.g. apigenin , fisetin , hesperetin and chalcone also can inhibit both CTL generation and effector function, with the effective concentration varying with the specific flavonoid tested. On the other hand, flavonoids such as rutin, naringin and catechin were inactive in both systems. Taxifolin ( dihydroquercetin ) differed from all the other flavonoids in that it was a relatively active inhibitor of CTL generation, but was essentially unable to inhibit CTL effector function. The presence of a double bond at position C-2-3 in the flavone and flavonol aglycones, a keto group at C-4, B ring hydroxylation and/or a free hydroxyl group at C-3 may be associated with activity. We also show that the effects of some, but not all, of the flavonoids active in our systems can be blocked by Cu2+ ions. Therefore, chelation of divalent cations such as Cu2+ cannot explain the function of all flavonoids in these systems. PMID- 6609911 TI - Varicella and herpes zoster in immunosuppressed children: preliminary results of treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin. AB - Seven immunosuppressed children with varicella and two with herpes zoster were treated with large intravenous doses of polyvalent, intact immunoglobulin (IgG i.v.). In all patients the treatment was effective for controlling fever and skin lesions and for preventing progression and complications, even if this therapy was started late and/or if the patient was severely lymphopenic . More IgG was needed to control disseminated than less advanced varicella. No untoward effects of IgG therapy were observed. The preliminary results suggest that in future trials i.v. IgG should be used for comparison with antiviral agents. PMID- 6609912 TI - Analysis of the repertoire of anti-HLA antibodies with anti-idiotypes to a murine anti-HLA-A2,A28 monoclonal antibody. AB - Xenoantibodies to idiotypes of the anti-HLA-A2,A28 MoAb CR11 -351 were isolated from an antiserum raised in rabbit #81 by immunizations with purified MoAb CR11 351. The purification procedure involved absorption with insolubilized mouse immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies and affinity chromatography on insolubilized MoAb CR11 -351. Two antibody populations were identified in the xenoantibody preparation #81: one recognizes a recurrent idiotope expressed by the MoAb CR10 -215, CR10 -402, Q1/28, Q6 /64, and 6/31 to monomorphic determinants of HLA-A,B antigens and by the MoAb CR10 -343, CR11 -462, and Q5/6 to human Ia antigens. The other antibody population recognizes a private idiotope. Neither idiotope was detected on the anti-HLA-A2,A28 variant (A28) MoAbs BB7 .2, MA2 .2, and PA2.1, on the anti-HLA-A2,B17 MoAb MA2 .1 and on antibody populations in conventional anti-HLA-A2,A28 antisera. The idiotopes were also not detected on the anti-HLA-A2,A28 MoAb A2,A28 M1 which recognizes a determinant spatially close to that identified by the MoAb CR11 -351. The idiotope(s) recognized by the xenoantibodies #81 may be located in the combining site of the MoAb CR11 -351, since its incubation with the anti-idiotype antibodies specifically blocks the reactivity with lymphoid cells with the appropriate HLA phenotype. PMID- 6609913 TI - Anesthetic considerations with amiodarone: report of a case. PMID- 6609914 TI - Demographic characteristics of incestuous families. PMID- 6609915 TI - Propylthiouracil-associated hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and antinuclear antibodies in cats with hyperthyroidism. AB - Nine of 105 cats with hyperthyroidism treated with propylthiouracil developed a serious immune-mediated drug reaction during treatment. Adverse clinical signs, which developed after 19 to 37 days (mean, 24.8 days) of propylthiouracil administration, included lethargy, weakness, anorexia, and bleeding diathesis. Physical examination revealed pale mucous membranes, and petechial hemorrhages of the skin and oral cavity. Results of hematologic testing revealed severe anemia and thrombocytopenia. The direct antiglobulin (Coombs') test was positive in all 7 cats evaluated, whereas the serum antinuclear antibody titer was greater than or equal to 1:10 in 5 of the 8 cats tested. In 4 of the cats, treatment included appropriate supportive therapy and cessation of propylthiouracil; in these cats, anemia and thrombocytopenia resolved and Coombs' and antinuclear antibody tests became negative within 2 weeks. PMID- 6609916 TI - Synthesis and antibacterial activity of a modified nuclear analogue of piperacillin. PMID- 6609917 TI - Antibiotic resistance and Haemophilus influenzae. PMID- 6609918 TI - Binding of antibiotics by non-albumin proteins. PMID- 6609919 TI - Comparative susceptibilities of penicillin-resistant pneumococci to co trimoxazole, vancomycin, rifampicin and fourteen beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - Eighty-four isolates of penicillin-resistant pneumococci were tested for susceptibility to vancomycin, rifampicin, cotrimoxazole, and 14 beta-lactam antibiotics by agar and microbroth dilution methods. Twenty-three were from adult patients with pneumococcal disease, 57 from nasopharingeal carriers (preschool children) and four were resistant South African isolates. For all isolates tested, imipenem (N-formimidoyl thienamycin), rifampicin, ceftriaxone and cefotaxime had the greatest activity ( MIC90 : 0 X 12, 0 X 25, 0 X 5 mg/l, respectively). Cefoxitin and latamoxef were the least active of the drugs studied. The remaining beta-lactams tested had less activity than that of penicillin. All strains were inhibited by 1 mg/l of vancomycin and all but one were resistant to cotrimoxazole. The excellent in-vitro activities of the newer beta-lactam agents (ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and, particularly, imipenem ) and vancomycin against penicillin-resistant pneumococci offer a considerable promise for their use in the treatment of pneumococcal meningitis caused by these strains. PMID- 6609920 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid penetration of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole in two patients with gram-negative bacillary meningitis. PMID- 6609921 TI - Structure and possible catalytic residues of Taka-amylase A. AB - A complete molecular model of Taka-amylase A consisting of 478 amino acid residues was built with the aid of amino acid sequence data. Some typical structural features of the molecule are described. A model fitting of an amylose chain in the catalytic site of the enzyme showed a possible productive binding mode between substrate and enzyme. On the basis of the difference Fourier analysis and the model fitting study, glutamic acid (Glu230) and aspartic acid (Asp297), which are located at the bottom of the cleft, were concluded to be the catalytic residues, serving as the general acid and base, respectively. PMID- 6609922 TI - Substrate-concentration dependence of contraction parameters in glycerinated insect flight muscle fibers from Lethocerus derollei. AB - The contraction characteristics of the dorsal longitudinal muscle of Lethocerus derollei were investigated by applying small sinusoidal length changes (+/- 1% of resting length) to glycerinated muscle bundles and studying the effect of varying the frequency from 0.1 to 10 Hz and the concentration of MgATP from 35 microM to 2.3 mM. The maximum work done by the muscle per cycle increased as the MgATP concentration was decreased from 2.3 mM to 52 microM. Between 52 and 35 microM, the maximum work suddenly changed from a positive to a negative value. The optimal frequency for maximal work shifted from low to high values with increase in the MgATP concentration. As the temperature was increased, the optimal work frequency in 2.3 mM MgATP solution shifted to a higher value. As the MgATP concentration was increased, the optimal frequency for maximal power increased. The maximal value of the power was an increasing function of the MgATP concentration, reaching a plateau above 52 microM MgATP. The muscle stiffness was a decreasing function of the MgATP concentration, and above 52 microM MgATP it reached a minimum of about 22% of that in the rigor solution. These results are discussed in relation to the crossbridge kinetics. PMID- 6609923 TI - Coronary artery bypass grafting for unstable angina. Risk factors of operative mortality. AB - In order to identify factors affecting early mortality in patients undergoing CABG for unstable angina, several risk factors have been analysed in a group of 120 patients. Systemic hypertension and left ventricular impairment were shown to be significant risk factors (Systemic hypertension, P less than 0.01; EF less than or equal to 0.35, P less than 0.01; LVEDP greater than or equal to 20 mmHg, P less than 0.025). Overall mortality rate was 5% (6/120). No influence could be recognized for age, sex, previous MI, emergency surgery, extension of coronary disease, completeness of revascularization and mode of onset of symptoms. PMID- 6609925 TI - Different growth factors stimulate cell division of rat mammary epithelial, myoepithelial, and stromal cell lines in culture. AB - A number of single-cell-cloned cell lines have been used to examine the growth promoting effects of putative mammotrophic agents on the various cell types in normal and neoplastic rat mammary glands. A partially purified novel pituitary derived growth factor stimulates only cuboidal epithelial cells to divide whereas fibroblast growth factor (FGF) stimulates the growth of stromal and myoepithelial like cells. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has a widespread but variable growth stimulating action, but prolactin and growth hormone are essentially inactive when added alone at a concentration of 5 micrograms/ml. Phosphoethanolamine stimulates the growth of one epithelial cell line and a derivative myoepithelial like cell line, but is inactive on the other cell lines tested. The use of defined cloned cell lines provides a direct and reproducible assay for the identification and purification of inducers of mammary growth. PMID- 6609926 TI - Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor stimulates the synthesis of membrane and nuclear proteins in murine neutrophils. AB - The effect of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a well characterized hemopoietic regulator, on protein synthesis in murine bone marrow neutrophils is described. Bone marrow neutrophils in excess of 95% purity were obtained by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. While GM-CSF did not appear to slow the rate of dying of peritoneal exudate neutorphils or thymus cells, the viability of bone marrow neutrophils after 17 hr was enhanced (40%) by GM-CSF. GM CFS had no effect on total 35S-methionine incorporation by thymocytes or peritoneal exudate neutrophils over a 17-hr incubation period; however, bone marrow neutrophils showed increased incorporation (approximately 10%) at all times between 5-17 hr. As viability and 35S-methionine incorporation of bone marrow neutrophils at 5 hr were minimally affected by GM-CSF, this time point was chosen to study the effect of GM-CSF on the synthesis of particular proteins. Two dimensional polyacrylamide gels of 35S-methionine-labelled lysates were prepared from whole cells, isolated nuclei, and membranes. Quantitative analysis of the fluorograms obtained from the two-dimensional electropherograms by a computer linked optical data digitiser indicated that out of a total of 180 proteins, the amount of label contained in 11 proteins was significantly higher in the presence of GM-CSF, while three proteins, apparently of cytoplasmic origin, contained less label than control cells. Eight of these proteins were identified as nuclear, and one was membrane derived. Attempts have been made to identify some of the inducible proteins and to correlate results with other studies of normal hemopoietic and leukemic cells. The significance and multiple functions of GM-CSF in hemopoiesis are discussed. PMID- 6609924 TI - Uptake of calcium by the endoplasmic reticulum of the frog photoreceptor. AB - We studied retinal photoreceptors of Rana pipiens by using techniques designed to investigate calcium localization. Particularly useful were methods in which intracellular sites of calcium uptake were detected by incubation of saponin treated isolated retinas in calcium-containing media, with oxalate present as a trapping agent. With these procedures, cell compartments accumulate deposits, which can be shown to contain calcium by x-ray microanalysis. Calcium accumulation was prominent in the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the myoid region. In addition, deposits were observed in agranular reticulum and in certain Golgi-associated compartments of the myoid region, in mitochondria, in axonal reticulum, and in agranular reticulum of presynaptic terminals. Calcium was also detected in the endoplasmic reticulum of retinas fixed directly upon isolation, by a freeze-substitution method. The factors influencing accumulation of calcium in the endoplasmic reticulum were evaluated by a semiquantitative approach based on determining the relative frequency of calcium oxalate crystals under varying conditions. Calcium accumulation was markedly enhanced by ATP. Studies with a nonhydrolyzable ATP analogue (adenylyl- imidodiphosphate ) and with inhibitors of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-Mg2+ ATPase (mersalyl and tetracaine) indicated that this ATP-dependent calcium uptake reflects an energy-dependent process roughly comparable to that in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 6609927 TI - Differential protein insertion into developing photosynthetic membrane regions of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. AB - Previous studies have suggested that much of the B800-850 light-harvesting bacteriochlorophyll a-protein complex is inserted directly into the intracytoplasmic photosynthetic membrane of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. In contrast, the B875 light-harvesting and reaction center complexes are assembled preferentially at peripheral sites of photosynthetic membrane growth initiation. The basis for this apparent site-specific polypeptide insertion was examined during the inhibition of RNA and protein syntheses. The pulse labeling of polypeptides at the membrane growth initiation sites was significantly less sensitive to inhibition by rifampicin, chloramphenicol, or kasugamycin than in the intracytoplasmic or outer membranes. This suggests increased stability for the translation machinery at these membrane invagination sites. Similar differential effects in polypeptide insertion were observed during inhibition of bacteriochlorophyll synthesis through deprival of delta-aminolevulinate to R sphaeroides mutant H-5, which requires this porphyrin precursor. The pulse labeling patterns observed during the inhibition of both RNA and pigment syntheses were consistent with the uncoupling of polypeptide insertion into the membrane invagination sites from their growth and maturation into intracytoplasmic membranes. PMID- 6609928 TI - Local interrelationships of cerebral oxygen consumption and glucose utilization in normal subjects and in ischemic stroke patients: a positron tomography study. AB - With the use of positron emission tomography (PET) and the 15O steady-state [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose combined method, the local interrelationships between the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2) and the cerebral metabolic rate for glucose ( CMRGlc ) were investigated in control subjects and in stroke patients. In addition to the classic in vivo autoradiographic approach, a kinetic method was used to measure CMRGlc because it was expected to be more reliable in cerebral ischemia. In control subjects local coupling between CBF, CMRO2, and CMRGlc was confirmed, and acceptable values for the CMRO2/ CMRGlc ratio were found; the latter, however, was lower in white matter than in gray. Uncoupling between CMRO2 and CMRGlc was observed in all stroke patients, suggesting that (1) enhanced anaerobic glycolysis occurred both in reperfused recent infarcts and in chronically ischemic tissue, and (2) substrates other than blood-borne glucose were being oxidized at the borders of recent infarcts. However, methodological uncertainties presently make such observations only tentative. Finally, a coupled depression of CMRO2 and CMRGlc was found in the contralateral cerebellum. PMID- 6609929 TI - Regional kinetic constants and cerebral metabolic rate for glucose in normal human volunteers determined by dynamic positron emission tomography of [18F]-2 fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose. AB - Using dynamic [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography with a high-resolution, seven-slice positron camera, the kinetic constants of the original three-compartment model of Sokoloff and co-workers (1977) were determined in 43 distinct topographic brain regions of seven healthy male volunteers aged 28-38 years. Regional averages of the cerebral metabolic rate for glucose ( CMRglu ) were calculated both from individually fitted rate constants ( CMRglukinetic ) and from activity maps recorded 30-40 min after FDG injection, employing a four-parameter operational equation with standard rate constants from the literature ( CMRgluautoradiographic ). Metabolic rates and kinetic constants varied significantly among regions and subjects, but not between hemispheres. k1 ranged between 0.0485 +/- 0.00778 min-1 in the oval center and 0.0990 +/- 0.01347 min-1 in the primary visual cortex. k2 ranged from 0.1198 +/- 0.01533 min-1 in the temporal white matter to 0.1472 +/- 0.01817 min-1 in the cerebellar dentate nucleus. k3 was lowest (0.0386 +/- 0.01482 min-1) in temporal white matter and highest (0.0823 +/- 0.02552 min-1) in the caudate nucleus. Maximum likelihood cluster analysis revealed four homogeneous groups of brain regions according to their respective kinetic constants: (1) white matter and mixed brainstem structures; (2) cerebellar gray matter and hippocampal formations; (3) basal ganglia and frontolateral and primary visual cortex; and (4) other cerebral cortex and thalamus. Across the entire brain, k1 and k2 were positively correlated (r = 0.79); k1 and k3 showed some correlation (r = 0.59); but no significant linear association was found between k2 and k3. A strong correlation with CMRglu could be demonstrated for k1 (r = 0.88) and k3 (r = 0.90), but k2 was loosely correlated (r = 0.56). CMRglu kinetic ranged from 17.0 +/- 2.45 mumol/100 g/min in the occipital white matter to 41.1 +/- 5.62 mumol/100 g/min in the frontolateral cortex. In most regions the mean values of CMRglu kinetic did not differ significantly from CMRglu autoradiographic. With few exceptions, however, within-region variance was significantly less for CMRglu kinetic than for CMRglu autoradiographic, suggesting greater individual reliability of results obtained by the kinetic approach. PMID- 6609930 TI - Crossed cerebellar diaschisis in ischemic stroke: a study of regional cerebral blood flow by 133Xe inhalation and single photon emission computerized tomography. AB - Seventy measurements of CBF were performed in 12 stroke patients by 133Xe inhalation and a rapidly rotating single photon emission computerized tomograph. CBF was measured every other day during the acute phase and at 2- and 6-month follow-up visits. A persistent contralateral cerebellar blood flow depression was evident in five patients with severe hemispheric low flow areas, which correlated with large, hypodense lesions on the computerized tomographic scan. In a sixth patient with a small, deep infarct, a transient crossed cerebellar low flow was observed, while the clinical symptoms persisted. It is concluded from this serial study that crossed cerebellar diaschisis is a common finding in completed stroke. It is probably caused by disconnection of the corticopontine pathways, a disconnection that tends to persist. The phenomenon is in fact less variable than the stroke-related CBF changes in the infarcted hemisphere, in which a period of relative hyperemia is frequently seen. PMID- 6609931 TI - Evaluation of [18F]-4-fluoroantipyrine as a new blood flow tracer for multiradionuclide autoradiography. AB - This article reports the evaluation of [18F]-4- fluoroantipyrine (FAP) as a quantitative blood flow tracer by comparing blood flow measured with [18F]FAP to that determined simultaneously with [14C]-4-iodoantipyrine (IAP), a standard blood flow tracer, by means of double-tracer autoradiography. The single-pass extraction value (m), which indicates diffusibility of a tracer, was determined according to the procedure described by Crone . The diffusibility of FAP was essentially the same as that of IAP. The brain-blood partition coefficient for FAP was found to be similar to that for IAP, 0.89 +/- 0.01. Values of local cerebral blood flow obtained with FAP agree with those determined with IAP. From these results, we concluded that FAP is indeed as good a blood flow tracer as IAP. Since 18F is a positron-emitting radionuclide, it might be a useful tracer for blood flow measurement by positron emission tomography. PMID- 6609932 TI - Lymphocyte-reactive antibodies in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - Antilymphocyte antibodies were studied using the Terasaki microcytotoxicity technique in 21 gay patients including 7 with Kaposi's sarcoma, 5 with opportunistic infection, and 9 with lymphadenopathy syndrome. A significant increase in lymphocyte-reactive antibody was noted in 61% of this group. Similar studies using serum from 25 apparently healthy gay males showed lymphocytotoxic antibody in only one instance. When isolated T-cell subsets (OKT4+ or OKT8+) were utilized, a few sera from acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients apparently showed preferential killing for helper-inducer or suppressor-cytotoxic T-cell subsets, however, this showed no correlation with T-cell phenotypic profiles of OKT4 or OKT8+ cells in concurrent peripheral blood studies. When isolated normal OKT4 or OKT8 T-cell subsets were treated with complement and AIDS serum showing apparent T-cell subset specificity and treated T cells added to B cells, macrophages, and OKT4 or OKT8 cells cultured with pokeweed mitogen, no discernible effect on either help or suppression of IgG or IgM synthesis was recorded. PMID- 6609933 TI - Corticosteroid effects on circulating lymphocyte subset levels in normal humans. AB - The effects of in vivo corticosteroid administration on levels of lymphocyte subsets in normal humans require further definition. Using monoclonal antibodies, we carried out a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of oral and intravenous methylprednisolone in 10 normal volunteers. Four hours after a 7-day oral course of 0.5 mg/kg/day, there was modest lymphopenia but no significant selective alteration in lymphocyte subsets. In contrast, 4 hr after a single intravenous injection of 1.0 mg/kg, there was more pronounced lymphopenia (P less than 0.01), a selective, relative decrease in T4 cells (P less than 0.001), and a more modest decrease in the percentage of T3 cells. The possible mechanisms and implication of these changes are discussed. PMID- 6609935 TI - The in vivo effects of corticosteroids on thymocyte subsets in myasthenia gravis. AB - The in vivo effects of corticotherapy on thymocyte subpopulations have been evaluated in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). Ten patients receiving high dose, long-term treatment were studied and compared with two control groups (MG untreated patients and normal age-matched subjects). In the treated group, the thymus was generally involuted; the percentage of OKT6+ or OKT4+T8+ thymocytes was profoundly decreased compared to controls. A significant percentage of OKT10 cells was detected particularly among older patients, suggesting steroid-induced immigration. Conversely the percentage of more mature OKT3+ cells was increased. The balance between OKT4+T8- and OKT4-T8+ cells was unchanged in young patients (less than 40 years old) and increased in the older group. These data show that, as in the mouse, corticosteroids profoundly alter human thymocyte subsets. PMID- 6609936 TI - Blood coagulation factor XIa binds specifically to a site on activated human platelets distinct from that for factor XI. AB - Binding of 125I-Factor XIa to platelets required the presence of high molecular weight kininogen, was enhanced when platelets were stimulated with thrombin, and reached a plateau after 4-6 min of incubation at 37 degrees C. Factor XIa binding was specific: 50- to 100-fold molar excesses of unlabeled Factor XIa prevented binding, whereas Factor XI, prekallikrein, Factor XIIa, and prothrombin did not. When washed erythrocytes, added at concentrations calculated to provide an equivalent surface area to platelets, were incubated with Factor XIa, only a low level of nonspecific, nonsaturable binding was detected. Factor XIa binding to platelets was partially reversible and was saturable at concentrations of added Factor XIa of 0.2-0.4 microgram/ml (1.25-2.5 microM). The number of Factor XIa binding sites on activated platelets was estimated to be 225 per platelet (range, 110-450). We conclude that specific, high affinity, saturable binding sites for Factor XIa are present on activated platelets, are distinct from those previously demonstrated for Factor XI, and require the presence of high molecular weight kininogen. PMID- 6609934 TI - False-negative anti-DNA antibody activity in infantile systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). AB - A 2.5-month-old previously healthy female infant presented with serositis , nephrotic syndrome, progressive renal failure, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Renal biopsy revealed a proliferative glomerulonephritis with glomerular and extraglomerular deposits of IgG, IgM, C3, and Clq by direct immunofluorescence (IF) techniques. Skin biopsy was positive for IgG and C3 deposits in the dermal epidermal junction by IF. Despite strong clinical and pathological criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), tests for antinuclear and anti-DNA antibodies were negative. Circulating immune complexes (CICs) were detected in three separate assay systems. Immunochemical analysis of isolated CICs showed that anti DNA antibody was present. Analysis of kidney biopsy material by antigen-specific solubilization techniques showed antibodies reactive with ds-DNA in the kidney. These studies confirm that SLE may be a cause of the congenital nephrotic syndrome and that negative SLE serologies may be secondary to binding of available antibody by excess antigen. Analysis of CICs may be helpful in confirming the diagnosis of SLE in seronegative patients. PMID- 6609937 TI - High colony stimulating activity in a patient with disseminated carcinoma and neutrophil leucocytosis. AB - The case of a man with widespread bronchogenic carcinoma associated with pronounced neutrophil leucocytosis is presented. There was no evidence of infection or metastatic bone marrow infiltration. Increased levels of colony stimulating activity were shown in the patient's serum using three methods. Findings in this patient suggest that the leukaemoid blood picture was related to inappropriate tumour associated production of colony stimulating factors. PMID- 6609938 TI - The cutaneous lymphomas with convoluted nucleus. Analysis of thirty-nine cases. AB - The clinical and histopathologic findings in thirty-nine cases of cutaneous lymphoma characterized by a proliferation of convoluted cells were reviewed. Thirty patients (77%) presented with erythematous or papular lesions (group I). The remaining nine patients (23%) presented with cutaneous nodules or tumors without erythematous lesions (group III). Histologically, the polymorphous infiltration was the common feature in both groups, but the presence of epidermotropism in group I was contrasted to the absence of epidermotropism in group II disease. The patients in group I had a higher median age (54 years) than those in group II (35 years), and a more favorable 3-year survival rate (44%) than that of the latter (19%). An evolution occasionally occurred from the epidermotropic to the nonepidermotropic form, followed by a poor clinical course. When the skin lesions were nonepidermotropic , irrespective of preceding clinical course, the prognosis was poor. PMID- 6609939 TI - CT findings in progressive supranuclear palsy. AB - Computed tomographic (CT) findings of three patients affected by progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) are reported. The radiological picture consisted of atrophy of the midbrain and quadrigeminal plate, with prominent interpeduncular, crural, ambient, and quadrigeminal plate cisterns, and dilatation of the aqueduct and third ventricle. These features were not related to the duration of the illness and degree of neurological deficits. In the authors' opinion CT is useful in the differential diagnosis of PSP and other extrapyramidal disorders. PMID- 6609941 TI - Evaluation of the performance characteristics of the PC 4600 positron emission tomograph. AB - The sensitivity, resolution, linearity, and count rate capability for the PC 4600 positron emission tomograph (PET), a neurological PET with five rings of 96 bismuth germanate crystals, are reported along with details of the design of this system. Phantom studies and preliminary human images demonstrate the clinical potential of this new instrument. PMID- 6609940 TI - Cerebral computed tomography in maple syrup urine disease. AB - Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an inherited metabolic disorder due to decreased decarboxylation of branched chain keto acids triggering an accumulation of leucine, isoleucine, and valine. We describe two infants with biochemically confirmed MSUD in whom computed tomography (CT) revealed cerebral edema. In one of these cases repeat CT 40 days after institution of appropriate therapy revealed that the edema had disappeared and the ventricles had enlarged. PMID- 6609942 TI - Analysis of emission tomographic scan data: limitations imposed by resolution and background. AB - The proper analysis of positron emission tomographic scan data requires a careful knowledge of the limitations of the tomographic system used so that scan data can be collected and sampled in a manner consistent with those limitations. The present investigation was undertaken to clarify some of the limitations imposed by resolution. The usual imaging situation, e.g., 218FDG , C15O2, or 15O2 , involves imaging structures of limited size in all three dimensions which may appear either warm or cool in relation to some background level of activity. In emission tomography the importance of adequate data sampling within a given plane has been frequently emphasized. Little attention, however, has been given to proper z axis sampling for clinical scanning. The actual selection of regions of interest from scans can have a significant impact on the subsequent statistical analysis. Previous work on this subject has experimentally examined the relationship of object size to quantitative estimation in the hot spot-cold background situation for the one- and two-dimensional cases. Approximate three dimensional recovery coefficients for the hot spot-cold background situation have been calculated. An examination of the factors discussed above, three-dimensional objects with varying contrast, z axis sampling, and selection of regions of interest, has not yet been addressed in the literature. The purpose of the present investigation is to examine these factors. PMID- 6609943 TI - Diversity of adaptation patterns in responses of eighth nerve fibers in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. AB - The firing patterns of eighth nerve fibers in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, were analyzed for responses to long duration tone bursts at best excitatory frequency ( BEF ) and at frequencies along the upper and lower boundaries of the excitatory tuning curve of each fiber. These firing patterns were used as an index of the degree of short-term adaptation of each fiber. Amphibian papilla fibers (with BEFs 100-1000 Hz) exhibited marked diversity in their firing patterns to BEF tones, ranging from very flat or tonic (sustained responses throughout the duration of the stimulus) to very peaked or phasic (responding primarily or exclusively to stimulus onset). Moreover, the degree of short-term adaptation shown by an individual fiber varied with stimulating frequency. The firing patterns of amphibian papilla fibers tended to become more tonic as stimulus frequency was lowered below BEF ; conversely, as stimulus frequency was increased above BEF , firing patterns either showed little change from that at BEF , or became more phasic. A similar frequency dependence of adaptation has not been reported in responses of mammalian eighth nerve fibers with comparable BEFs . The firing patterns of basilar papilla fibers ( BEFs greater than 1000 Hz) remained similar in response to both BEF and non- BEF tones. These data reveal that the firing patterns and degrees of short-term adaptation of amphibian papilla fibers vary considerably across the tuning curve, whereas those of basilar papilla fibers remain relatively more constant with changes in stimulating frequency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6609945 TI - Food hypersensitivity. PMID- 6609944 TI - Cross-sectional and longitudinal observations of activity level and sustained attention in a normative sample. AB - This study examined developmental changes in playroom observations of activity level and sustained attention among 47 elementary school-age boys. The boys were observed at two different times, approximately 2 years apart. The playroom observations consisted of two 15-minute periods, a relatively unstructured freeplay period and a structured restricted academic period. In general, both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses suggested developmental improvements in the observed behaviors. Both gross and fine motor activity decreased with increasing age, while the time spent on task increased. Consistent with the selective attention literature, there appeared to be a dramatic increase in the boys' ability of focus attention at around age 11. Finally, most of the behaviors in the restricted academic period showed significant stability over time, whereas few of the free-play behaviors did so. PMID- 6609946 TI - Immunodeficiency with hyper IgM after systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6609947 TI - Homocystinuria and ectopia lentis. AB - Homocystinuria is a genetically determined error of metabolism of the amino acid, methionine, which results in increased levels of homocystine and methionine in the blood and urine. A variety of clinical manifestations may result, one of these being the dislocation of the crystalline lens(es). A patient presented in the residency clinic with bilateral ectopia lentis and upon subsequent consultation with her family physician, a diagnosis of homocystinuria was made. This paper discusses the ocular and systemic manifestations of homocystinuria, the differential diagnosis of ectopia lentis, and the management of the systemic disease and its ocular sequelae. PMID- 6609948 TI - Polymorphic corneal abnormalities. AB - Alterations of the deep corneal layers, which are manifest primarily as Hassall Henle bodies in older patients, are a relatively frequent finding in the normal population. Changes which occur in Descemet's membrane and the endothelium earlier in life can be ascribed to various causes, including dystrophy, herpetic infections, and birth trauma. Six cases in which clear vesicles and scalloped lesions were found exclusively at the level of Descemet's membrane and the endothelium are reported. Although the polymorphic changes were in some cases extensive, visual acuity and, apparently, corneal physiology remained normal. The etiology for all cases was uncertain, but the evidence suggested a dystrophic origin or the occurrence of posterior corneal vesicles of a nonfamilial variety. PMID- 6609949 TI - Consumer survey on footwear. An examination of purchasing practices. PMID- 6609950 TI - Efficacy of hypothermia and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in podiatric surgery. AB - At Harrison County Hospital in Corydon, Indiana, hypothermia and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulators (TENS) have greatly decreased the use of postoperative analgesics and narcotics in controlling postoperative pain. There was a significant reduction in ecchymosis and edema of the foot and ankle as well as postoperative pain under the program used at this hospital. PMID- 6609951 TI - Adrenogenital syndrome due to 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency with skeletal abnormalities and pulmonary stenosis. AB - This report describes a 13-year-old female patient with 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency who was found to have short fourth metatarsals and pulmonary stenosis. The unusual association between these abnormalities and this rare form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia is presented. PMID- 6609952 TI - Incidence of T cell subset imbalance in relatives of Graves' disease patients. AB - In previous reports we demonstrated imbalances of T cell subsets in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. In the present investigation, we studied several T cell markers with different functional meaning (Fc gamma-receptors, HLA-Ia antigens, MLR4 and 5/9 antigens) in first degree relatives of Graves' disease patients. Our data suggest that imbalances of circulating T cell subpopulations are apparent only when abnormal hormone levels and/or thyroid autoantibodies are present. PMID- 6609953 TI - Soft tissue T cell lymphoma of the forearm: a case report. AB - A patient with a soft tissue T cell lymphoma with symptoms of de Quervain's tenosynovitis and a forearm mass in the area of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis is described. Previously excised soft tissue masses from other locations had presented a diagnostic dilemma in this patient. This report clarifies the histopathology of soft tissue T cell lymphomas of the extremities. After surgical debulking and local radiotherapy, there has been no evidence of recurrence at 1 year. PMID- 6609954 TI - Two measures of psychological distress among Mexican Americans, Mexicans and Anglos. PMID- 6609955 TI - Antigen-stimulated human B cell clones are committed to the production of a single class of antibody in vitro. AB - We have investigated the isotype(s) of antibody produced in vitro by antigen stimulated human B cell clones. An analysis of the class(es) of antibody produced in multiple replicate cultures containing a mean of less than one precursor B cell per well was consistent with the hypothesis that individual B cell precursors produced a single class of antibody. This result was obtained by using cells isolated from either the peripheral blood or tonsils. Thus, under the culture conditions utilized, no intraclonal isotype switching was detected. PMID- 6609956 TI - A membrane antigen (HC1) selectively present on hairy cell leukemia cells, endothelial cells, and epidermal basal cells. AB - A monoclonal antibody (alpha HC1) raised against HCL cells reacted specifically with HCL cells and not with other normal or leukemic B cell types. It also reacted with BC and with vascular EC. One case of Kaposi's sarcoma, a tumor thought to derive from EC, was also stained by this antibody. Sinusoidal cells of liver and spleen and EC in the brain did not stain with alpha HC1, but EC from all other tissues and EC in culture were positive. Because the exact normal cell equivalent of the leukemic hairy cell is unknown, similarities in phenotype and function between EC and hairy cells are of particular interest. PMID- 6609957 TI - Demonstration of activation-specific interactions among B lymphocyte membrane proteins by a photoreactive cross-linking agent. AB - The formation of plasma membrane protein complexes during B cell activation was examined by covalently stabilizing these complexes with a photolabile, cleavable, cross-linking reagent, dithiobisphenylazide (DTPA). Analysis by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicates that LPS induces a time-dependent rearrangement in membrane proteins of splenic B cells. These rearrangements were localized to the plasma membrane by examination of surface-labeled detergent lysates and purified plasma membrane preparations. DTPA-stabilized rearrangements could be detected as early as 15 min and were stable between 3 and 24 hr after mitogen addition. These changes are consistent with the formation of different functional protein complexes during B cell activation. LPS does not induce membrane protein rearrangement in thymocytes, nor does Con A do so in B cells. Therefore, the changes appear to be correlated with the transmission of a relevant activation signal. Activation of B cells with 8- bromoguanosine ( 8BrGuo ), an intracellular mitogen, did not result in protein rearrangement until 12 hr after mitogen addition, suggesting that initial stages of signal transduction by 8BrGuo and LPS follow separate pathways. A common "activated state" of the membrane is established by 12 hr. Inhibition of de novo protein synthesis by cycloheximide did not interfere with formation of new protein complexes during early stages of activation (15 min and 3 hr). These data indicate that covalent cross-linking with DTPA can be used to demonstrate activation-specific interactions among proteins on the surface membrane of B cells. PMID- 6609958 TI - B lymphocyte precursors in embryonic and adult W anemic mice. AB - Mice homozygous for mutations at the dominant spotting or W locus on chromosome 5 have been extensively used as models of severe macrocytic anemia caused by defective hemopoietic stem cells. We examined cells of the developing B lineage in adult and embryonic W anemic mice both by phenotypic analyses and by three distinctly different functional assays for B lymphocyte precursors. Adult W/Wv mice had normal numbers of B cells in the spleen and bone marrow, and normal numbers of pre-B cells and cells identified by a monoclonal antibody directed to a B lineage cell surface antigen (14.8) in the bone marrow. Embryonic W/Wv and Wx/Wx mice had hypoplastic liver development at 16 days gestation with a corresponding reduction in absolute numbers of pre-B cells, 14.8+ cells, and clonable granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells, although their frequencies were normal. As expected, spleen colony-forming units were greatly reduced both in absolute number and frequency. Adult bone marrow cells and fetal liver cells from W anemic mutants generated B cells in vitro as well as did cells from normal littermates, but W anemic cells failed to generate B lymphocytes as well in vivo. These observations likely reflect differences in precursor cells that contribute to B cell formation in these assays, and suggest that early B lineage precursors are reduced or defective in W anemic mice. PMID- 6609959 TI - A population of resting IgM-IgD double-bearing lymphocytes in Peyer's patches: the major precursor cells for IgA plasma cells in the gut lamina propria. AB - The precursor cells in Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes responsible for repopulating IgA plasma cells in the gut lamina propria were identified by using cell separation and by using cell transfer in Ig allotype congeneic mice (CB-20 and BALB/cJ mice). It was found that the IgA precursor cells are mainly resting lymphoid cells bearing IgM and IgD on their surface. The IgA-bearing cells are also precursors; their repopulation efficiency, however, is remarkably low. The majority of the IgA precursor cells also bear complement receptors on their surface; this suggests that they are relatively mature B cells. PMID- 6609960 TI - Differential recognition and lysis of EL4 target cells by cytotoxic T cells: differences in H-2Kb antigenic density and cytoskeletal proteins. AB - Direct binding of 125I-iodinated anti-H-2Kb monoclonal antibody (B8-24-3) to EL4 cells indicated a similar association constant but a 2.7-fold higher H-2Kb antigenic density when the EL4 cells were grown in ascites (2.0 X 10(5) sites/cell) than in tissue culture (7.5 X 10(4) sites/cell). The membrane fluidity of the isolated plasma membrane fractions, measured by using a membrane sensitive spin label, was essentially identical in the two differently cultured EL4 cells. There were some differences in the cytoskeletal proteins that were isolated from the plasma membrane fractions of the EL4 lines and analyzed by two dimensional gel electrophoresis. These differences in the H-2Kb antigenic density and the cytoskeletal proteins may contribute to the 2.3-fold higher Vmax and the increased binding of the EL4 ascites target cells to allogeneically primed anti-H 2Kb cytotoxic T cells. PMID- 6609961 TI - Early mitogen-induced metabolic events essential to proliferation of human T lymphocytes: dependence of specific events on the influence of adherent accessory cells. AB - Adherent accessory cells (AC) are required for the proliferative response of T lymphocytes to antigens and various mitogens. A current model of AC-T cell cooperation is that commitment to growth of mitogen activated T lymphocytes occurs via sequential action of IL 1 and IL 2. Initial mitogen action on T lymphocytes in the presence of AC is followed by a sequence of metabolic changes which culminate in DNA replication and mitosis. Many of these early events are critical to DNA replication. We studied several of these mitogen-induced events in experiments designed to define the specific influence of AC on T cell metabolism before initiation of DNA replication. By using human peripheral T lymphocytes depleted of AC to the extent that the proliferative response is essentially ablated, we found that the sequence of early events is divided into two phases: an early activated state in which certain events are stimulated directly by mitogen and independently of AC, and an AC-dependent state in which other events occur in mitogen-treated lymphocytes only in the presence of the numbers of AC necessary to support the proliferative response. We partially support the proliferative response. We partially characterized the nature of the metabolic activation that pulse neuraminidase-galactose oxidase treatment induces in lymphocytes in the presence and functional absence of AC. Stimulated uptake of [3H] uridine and [3H]-leucine into cellular precursor pools and incorporation into macromolecules apparently requires the presence of AC, but stimulated influx of both [3H]3-O-methyl glucose and [3H]alpha-amino isobutyric acid are independent of the presence of AC. These data suggest that stimulated influx of glucose and a certain class of essential amino acids are events of the early activated state, whereas increased RNA and protein synthesis are events of the AC dependent state. All of these events are critical to the T cell's commitment of DNA replication and mitosis. The early activated state is consistent with AC-T cell cooperation via IL 2. It is possible that IL 2 mediates passage of IL 2 receptor-bearing T cells from the early activated state to the AC-dependent state, which then leads directly to DNA replication and mitosis. PMID- 6609962 TI - Characterization of recirculating lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis patients: selective deficiency of natural killer cells in thoracic duct lymph. AB - Five patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), who were treated by lymphocyte depletion by using thoracic duct drainage (TDD), provided an opportunity to characterize the phenotype and function of their recirculating lymphocytes. We found that: a) thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) were similar in their proportion of T cells (83% +/- 6 OKT3+), OKT4+ subset (65% +/- 8), and OKT8+ subset (22% +/- 6) to peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL): b) fewer natural killer-like cells were present in TDL (5% +/- 4 Leu-7+; 2% +/- 2 Leu-11+: 8% +/- 2 OKM -1+) than in PBL (20% +/- 10 Leu-7+: 11% +/- 6 Leu-11+; 18% +/- 5 OKM -1) (p less than 0.01); c) TDL differed from synovial fluid lymphocytes ( SFL ) and synovial membrane lymphocytes ( SML ) in that TDL lacked a high percentage of activated lymphocytes (T cells bearing Ia antigen, OKT10 , and transferrin receptor): d) immature T cells (expressing either OKT6 antigen or reactive with peanut agglutinin) were not found in TDL even late in the course of TDD: and e) in vitro functional studies demonstrated that TDL were similar to PBL in their ability to synthesize immunoglobulin after mitogen stimulation and to generate cytotoxic T lymphocytes capable of lysing autologous EBV-transformed B cells. However, natural killer activity, as measured by lysis of K562 cells was significantly lower in TDL than PBL (p less than 0.05). These results demonstrate that natural killer cells defined by phenotype and function are excluded from thoracic duct lymph and thus have a circulation pattern different from most T cells. PMID- 6609963 TI - Human lung macrophages enhance and inhibit lymphocyte proliferation. AB - To evaluate the effector functions of human lung macrophages, cell preparations containing 70 to 95% macrophages were obtained from surgically resected lungs of cancer patients and were co-cultured with allogeneic or autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and Con A. In contrast to previous reports of either marked stimulatory or inhibitory effects of human lung macrophages on lymphocyte function, the present results demonstrate that the proliferative response was a complex function of both the numbers of PBMC and macrophages. In the presence of low numbers of PBMC, small numbers of macrophages enhanced proliferation, whereas larger numbers inhibited proliferation; in the presence of larger numbers of PBMC, macrophages only inhibited. Inhibition was not mediated by cyclo-oxygenase products of arachidonic acid metabolism, because indomethacin did not reverse it. The enhancing effect of macrophages was greater when tested with PBMC depleted of monocytes. Lung macrophages were 10-fold more potent in mediating enhancement than corresponding numbers of peripheral blood monocytes. Both the enhancing and the inhibitory activities could be reproduced by lung macrophage lysates or supernatants derived from macrophages cultured in serum free medium. Macrophages cultured at high density yielded inhibitory supernatants, which on dilution resulted in enhancing activity. The enhancing activity appeared in supernatants maximally after 24 hr, and its appearance was not inhibited by culturing macrophages in the presence by culturing macrophages in the presence of cycloheximide. Sephacryl S-200 chromatography of such supernatants yielded two peaks of enhancing activity, with apparent m.w. of 160,000 and 40,000, which we call lung macrophage-derived lymphocyte-activating factors (LM-LAF). Fractions with LM-LAF activity contained no IL 1 activity (assessed by augmentation of mitogen-induced proliferation of mouse thymocytes), but IL 1 activity was present in a peak of m.w. of 15,000. The 15,000 m.w. fraction did not enhance the proliferation of human PBMC. These results demonstrate that human lung macrophages are potent modulators of lectin-mediated proliferation of human PBMC. The effects are mediated in part by the release of soluble, pre-formed factors that appear to be distinct from previously described monokines. PMID- 6609964 TI - Homing of Lyt-2+ and Lyt-2- T cell subsets and B lymphocytes to the central nervous system of mice with acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - Subpopulations of lymphoid cells were compared with respect to their ability to migrate into the central nervous system (CNS) of mice with acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). In mice with established lesions, the majority of cells homing to the CNS are not presensitized to CNS antigens. B cells had a much reduced capacity to migrate into the CNS of sick mice compared with T cells. However, T cells of both the Lyt-2+ and Lyt-2- subsets homed equally well to the CNS. The relative paucity of B cells in the lesions of EAE and multiple sclerosis may thus partly result from the limited ability of these cells to migrate into the CNS across the blood-brain endothelial barrier. The predominance of Lyt-2- T cells over Lyt-2+ cells in these CNS lesions is unlikely to result from such a difference in homing capacity, but may reflect the ratio of these two cell types in the blood or preferential in situ expansion of the Lyt-2- population. PMID- 6609965 TI - Characterization of a B lymphoblastoid cell line mutant that secretes HLA-A2. AB - HLA-A2 antigen mutants were obtained previously from the B lymphoblastoid cell line T5-1 by mutagenesis followed by immunoselection. Here we present biochemical studies of one particular mutant, clone 8.14.1. These cells synthesize two forms of HLA-A2: a minor form, which remains cell-associated at all times, and an abundant form, which is secreted. The former appears by SDS-PAGE to be slightly larger than T5-1 HLA-A2, whereas the latter appears to be 4000 to 5000 daltons smaller. In vitro translation and in vivo pulse-chase studies suggest that these species are not related to each other by post-translational processing. Proteolytic digestion studies localize the resulting structural alteration in the mobility difference between wild-type and secreted HLA-A2 to a region near the carboxy terminus of the HLA-A2 heavy chain; however, their extreme carboxy termini appear similar, if not identical. We suggest that the secreted form may result from a pattern of RNA splicing in which the exon encoding the hydrophobic, membrane-spanning region is frequently deleted. PMID- 6609966 TI - The molecular basis for the difference in immune hemolysis activity of the Chido and Rodgers isotypes of human complement component C4. AB - Human C4 displays a structural polymorphism which is consistent with there being two closely linked genetic loci coding for this protein. These give rise to two C4 isotypes, designated C4A and C4B, which can be distinguished by charge and apparent m.w. differences in their respective alpha-chains and by the presence or absence of the Chido/Rodgers blood group antigens. Previous qualitative studies of C4 immune hemolysis activity in whole plasma had suggested that the C4B isotype was functionally more active. By using purified C4A and C4B isolated from individual donors known serologically to possess only one of the C4 isotypes, we examined the molecular basis for the differences in their respective hemolytic activities. It was found that the C4B:C4A hemolytic activity ratio was approximately 4:1. This fourfold difference could not be accounted for by a commensurate difference in the cleavage rate of the two isotypes by C1s by differences in the kinetics of assembly or intrinsic decay of the respective C3 convertase enzymes, or by differences in the rate of isotypic C4b cleavage by factor I in the presence of C4bp . However, the fourfold greater deposition efficiency of nascent C4b of the C4B isotype onto the surface of C1-bearing sheep erythrocytes quantitatively accounted for the observed difference in immune hemolysis function. It was further found that the thioester bond of nascent C4b of the C4A isotype preferentially transacylates onto amino group nucleophiles, whereas in the C4B isotype, acylation of hydroxyl groups is strongly preferred. Thus, the difference in immune hemolysis activity between the two C4 isotypes does not necessarily indicate an impairment of function in C4A; it may merely be a reflection of the relative abundance at the surface of a C1-bearing target of hydroxyl and amino groups capable of being acyl acceptors for nascent C4b. Finally, we also present evidence showing that the apparent m.w. difference between the alpha-chains of the C4A and C4B isotypes is not due to differences in protein glycosylation. PMID- 6609967 TI - Uptake and nature of the intracellular binding of cyclosporin A in a murine thymoma cell line, BW5147. AB - In a survey of malignant cell lines including a variety of leukemias and lymphomas, BW5147, a T lymphoma from the spontaneous virus-associated thymoma in AKR mice, was found to be the most sensitive to growth inhibition by cyclosporin A (Cs A). Inhibition of growth was cell cycle phase-independent and inhibition of macromolecular precursor uptake was relatively nonspecific. Uptake of radiolabeled Cs A by these cells was characterized by two components: one that appeared saturable at low drug concentrations (0.03 to 1.0 microgram/ml), and another that was nonsaturable at higher drug concentrations (1.0 microgram/ml or higher). Most of the drug concentrated by cells (70 to 80%) was located in the cytosol (100,000 X G supernatant of lysed cells). The apparent m.w. of the drug macromolecule complex was 15,000 to 20,000 as determined by m.w. exclusion columns. This complex could also be formed by adding drug to cytosol prepared from unexposed cells. The low m.w. complex migrated on a preparative isoelectric focusing column to form two peaks with isoelectric points of 6.8 and 8.5. A method was developed to assay for the binding component, and a sequence of m.w. exclusion columns and isoelectric focusing was used to effect partial purification of the Cs A binding component. PMID- 6609968 TI - Effects of deoxycoformycin in mice. I. Suppression and enhancement of in vivo antibody responses to thymus-dependent and -independent antigens. AB - The effect of 2'-deoxycoformycin (DCF) on the PFC responses of AKR mice to SE, TNP-Ficoll, and TNP-B. abortus was examined. Subcutaneous injection of DCF 4 days before antigen caused suppression of all three responses by 70 to 78%. In contrast, injection of DCF 1 day after antigen caused enhancement of both the anti-SE and the anti-TNP-Ficoll responses. Although a single high dose of cortisone acetate injected 4 days before antigen caused a similar suppression, the effect of DCF was not mediated via a steroid release, inasmuch as DCF also suppressed the immune response in adrenalectomized mice. The response of BALB/c mice to TNP-Ficoll was also inhibited by DCF pretreatment and enhanced by injection of DCF after antigen. In contrast, in athymic mice DCF caused suppression of the anti-TNP-Ficoll PFC response, whether injected before or after antigen. These results are interpreted as suggesting that DCF causes suppression primarily via an effect on B cells. The enhancement seen in normal but not in athymic mice may possibly be ascribed to an effect on suppressor T cells. Apparently the enhancement of both TD and TI responses caused by DCF injected 1 day after antigen in normal mice is the net result of these two opposing effects. The results imply that helper T cells are resistant to DCF. PMID- 6609969 TI - Fibroblast stimulation in schistosomiasis. V. Egg granuloma macrophages spontaneously secrete a fibroblast-stimulating factor. AB - Isolated intact egg granulomas from the liver of Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice have been previously shown to elaborate factors in vitro that can stimulate fibroblasts for biological functions that are of potential importance in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis in schistosomiasis. We report here that cell cultures obtained from monodispersed granuloma cell suspensions, and specifically enriched for macrophages (95% to 100%) spontaneously elaborated fibroblast proliferation-stimulating activity in vitro. These cells possessed functional and phenotyptic characteristics of activated macrophages. In contrast, control peritoneal macrophages from uninfected mice lacked such phenotypic characteristics, and did not spontaneously elaborate fibrogenic activity in vitro. The granuloma macrophage activity was present, pre-formed within the isolated cells, and was continuously elaborated during 72 hr of incubation. By gel infiltration chromatography (Sephacryl S-200 sf), fibroblast-stimulating activity was identified in two pooled fractions, one with estimated molecular radius (Mr) of 46 kd to 57 kd and the other with Mr of 10 kd to 16 kd. Preparative isoelectric focusing in granular gel of crude macrophage culture supernatants identified peak activity in fractions with pI approximately 5. Two different serine esterase inhibitors had no effect on the ability of crude granuloma macrophage supernatants to stimulate fibroblast proliferation. Whereas crude and chromatographed fractions of granuloma macrophage supernatant were active for fibroblasts, they had minimal or no interleukin 1 (IL 1) activity when tested in a thymocyte proliferation assay. In contrast, resident peritoneal macrophages from the same infected mice spontaneously secreted substantial IL 1 and fibroblast-stimulating activity in vitro. We conclude that egg granuloma macrophages are activated in vivo to secrete fibrogenic molecules functionally distinct from IL 1, which might contribute to the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis in schistosomiasis. PMID- 6609970 TI - Primary structural variation among serologically indistinguishable DS antigens: the MB3-bearing molecule in DR4 cells differs from the MB3-bearing molecule in DR5 cells. AB - HLA-DS molecules bearing the MB3 supertypic specificity have been isolated from two DR4 and two DR5 homozygous cell lines by using the monoclonal antibody IVD12 . Limited amino-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of these molecules demonstrates polymorphism of the HLA-DS subregion. Although the distribution of amino-terminal tyrosine residues in the alpha-chains of all IVD12 -reactive molecules was identical, amino-terminal amino acid sequence differences existed between DS beta-chains isolated from these two groups of cell lines bearing different DR specificities. These studies indicate that two DS molecules bearing the same serologic determinant ( MB3 ), although similar to one another, may be structurally distinct. PMID- 6609971 TI - Specific inhibition of in vitro lymphocyte transformation by an anti-pan T cell (gp67) ricin A chain immunotoxin. AB - The toxin A chain of ricin has been conjugated by a disulfide bond to a murine monoclonal antibody that recognizes the gp67kD antigen present on 95% of peripheral T lymphocytes. The immunotoxin retains both functions of its component parts: it binds to human peripheral blood lymphocytes, and it inhibits protein synthesis in a cellfree reticulocyte system. The immunotoxin has been evaluated for its ability to inhibit in vitro T lymphocyte transformation. In the presence of 20 mM NH4Cl, the immunotoxin decreases lymphocyte proliferation in response to phytohemagglutinin to less than 8% of untreated controls. The proliferative response in mixed lymphocyte culture and the development of allocytotoxic T cells is also dramatically inhibited by this immunotoxin. Monoclonal antibody alone does not inhibit these responses. Specificity of the immunotoxin has been established: the effect of the immunotoxin can be blocked by unconjugated monoclonal antibody, but not by a control monoclonal antibody that recognizes another T lymphocyte differentiation antigen or by a control monoclonal antibody that does not recognize human peripheral blood leukocytes. Treatment of human bone marrow cells with the immunotoxin preserves hematopoietic progenitor cells, as measured by granulocyte-macrophage, erythroid, and multipotential hematopoietic progenitor cell assays. These results indicate that an anti-pan T lymphocyte-ricin A chain immunotoxin is an effective agent against immunocompetent T lymphocytes in vitro, and may be an effective agent for use in clinical bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 6609972 TI - Human in vivo antigen-induced lymphoblastoid B cells are capable of cyclical antibody production in vitro. AB - In vivo immunization of normal volunteers with tetanus toxoid induces the formation of a circulating B cell subset that has the capacity to secrete specific antibody in vitro without the need for T cell help or mitogen stimulation. From earlier studies it was not clear whether the spontaneous antibody-secreting lymphoblastoid (LB) B cell was at a terminal stage of differentiation or if it had the capacity to give rise to additional B cell subsets, such as memory cells or more fully mature antibody-producing cells. In this study we have shown that at least two distinct waves of spontaneous antibody secretion can occur in vitro when cultures are initiated with the lymphocytes from individuals immunized 6 days earlier. The first production of antibody was completed by 3 days of in vitro culture and the second production of antibody did not initiate until day 7 or 8 of culture and was completed by day 12. The B cells responsible for the second stage of antibody production appeared derived from a portion of the antibody-secreting cells present on day 3 in that 1) treatment of the cultures on day 0 with BuDr and light equally inhibited the first and second rounds of antibody synthesis; 2) when isolated from the blood, both B cell subsets were in the large cell fraction after 1 X G sedimentation; and 3) under conditions of limiting numbers of cells, the cells responsible for the second wave of antibody production were almost exclusively found in cultures positive for a B cell that had produced antibody on days 1 to 3. Although only a portion (10 to 30%) of the LB B cells present on day 0 had the capacity to again produce antibody on days 8 to 12, the two cells were capable of producing similar quantities of antibody on a per cell basis. These results indicate that the mature circulating LB cell induced in vivo by immunization is not terminally differentiated, but under appropriate conditions has the capacity to give rise to additional antibody-secreting cells. PMID- 6609974 TI - A novel type of human T cell clone with highly potent natural killer-like cytotoxicity divorced from large granular lymphocyte morphology. AB - Interleukin 2-dependent cloned lymphocytes derived from an allogeneic HLA class II-mismatched but class I-matched mixed lymphocyte culture were screened for cytotoxic activity on target cell lines known to be susceptible or resistant to lysis by natural killer (NK) cells. Of 24 clones, eight were found to display NK like cytotoxicity. Two manifested extremely high cytotoxicity levels (50% lysis of K562 at an effector to target ratio of 1:1), whereas the remainder were only moderately active (about 20% lysis at 25:1). NK-like clones were studied with regard to cell surface markers defined by monoclonal antibodies, as well as for their morphologic and cytochemical characteristics, and were compared with clones displaying different functions. The moderately active NK-like clones exhibited characteristic large granular lymphocyte morphology (many azurophilic granules, indented nuclei, high cytoplasm to nucleus ratio, and a basophilic peripheral cytoplasmic zone). This was, however, also characteristic of the majority of lymphocyte clones displaying functions other than NK. Surprisingly, the two clones with high NK-like activity did not exhibit large granular lymphocyte morphology, with few granules, round nuclei, and low cytoplasm to nucleus ratio. The T3, T9, T10, and T11 markers, as well as HLA-DR determinants, were expressed on their surfaces, but in contrast to the other clones, they did not display OKT4 , OKT8-, or OKM1-defined antigens. No distinction between them was possible on the basis of a cytochemical profile in relation to their function, because all clones were positive for acid phosphatase, either focal or dispersed and negative for nonspecific esterase or chloracetate esterase. The highly active lytic clones were, however, distinguished by an exceptionally rapid growth rate in culture (cell doubling time: 9 hr as compared to 30 to 40 hr, as usually required). These results demonstrate two different types of human NK-active lymphocytes with remarkably disparate lytic capacity, cell surface markers, and morphology. PMID- 6609973 TI - The Fc portion of intact IgG blocks stimulation of human PBMC by anti-T3. AB - The means by which normal human serum inhibits the activation of PBMC by OKT3 has been investigated. The Fc portion of intact IgG is shown to be the major inhibitor in human serum of this OKT3-induced stimulation. Furthermore, inhibition by IgG subclasses correlated with their ability to bind to the monocyte Fc receptor, i.e., IgG1 and IgG3 produced greater inhibition than IgG2 and IgG4, and this inhibition was competitive. In contrast, hypogammaglobulinemic serum, IgA, IgM, and F(ab')2 of IgG were not inhibitory relative to intact IgG or Fc of IgG. Because of the similarities between T3 and the idiotype-defined T cell receptor for antigen, these investigations suggest that IgG might modulate the interactions between the T cell recognition complex and anti-idiotype antibody, thus regulating the idiotype network. PMID- 6609975 TI - A human monoclonal IgG1 with anti-idiotypic activity against anti-human thyroglobulin autoantibody. AB - Sixty-one human myeloma proteins (HMP) from patients with multiple myeloma and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia were tested for anti-idiotypic (Id) activity against autoantibodies to double-stranded DNA, small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, and human thyroglobulin (HTg), by competitive radioimmunoassays and enzyme immunoassays. An IgG1, lambda HMP from patient BEN with anti-Id activity against antibodies to HTg is reported. IgG1 BEN was not directed toward human Fc fragments and its activity was not related to allotypic determinants. IgG1 BEN molecules recognized Id determinants (idiotopes) on F(ab')2 anti-HTg fragments, but not idiotopes of F(ab')2 fragments of antibodies of other specificities. This observation supports the general significance of Id network interactions in regulation and diversification of immune responses in man. PMID- 6609976 TI - T cell responses to the major allergen from the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Antigen P1: comparison of patients with asthma, atopic dermatitis, and perennial rhinitis. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from the majority of the allergic patients that we tested who were skin test-sensitive to the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D. pt.) (46/67) showed significant proliferation in response to the purified major allergen Antigen P1; PBMC from 14/15 nonsensitive controls showed no significant response. Optimal responses were seen with 10 micrograms Antigen P1/ml, but 21 of 43 patients tested showed significant proliferation at 0.01 microgram Antigen P1/ml. The results of three types of experiments showed that the responding cells were T cells, predominantly of the helper phenotype. First, purified T cells in the presence of irradiated or mitomycin C-treated antigen-presenting cells showed good proliferation to Antigen P1. Secondly, flow cytometry analysis showed a progressive increase in the percentage of viable cells bearing the Leu-3a marker--up to 88% by day 7--and demonstrated that the larger, blast-transformed cells bore this marker. Finally, interleukin 2 production was demonstrated in antigen-stimulated cultures at days 3 to 5, i.e., about 2 days before the peak of proliferation. When patients were grouped according to their disease symptoms, no clear differences were seen between the T cell responses of patients with asthma, eczema, or rhinitis, or with asthma and eczema, although patients with rhinitis alone tended to show weaker responses. Overall, there was a significant correlation between serum IgE antibody to Antigen P1 and T cell proliferation (rs = 0.579, p less than 0.001); however, excluding individuals with no IgE antibody, the quantitative correlation was poor (rs = 0.26, p less than 0.1). These results indicate that most patients showing immediate hypersensitivity to D. pt. have circulating T cells sensitized to Antigen P1. These sensitized T cells probably act as helper cells for antibody production, but may also play a role in the pathogenesis of allergic lesions and in the delayed or chronic symptoms of these allergic diseases. PMID- 6609977 TI - Glucocorticosteroids stimulate polyclonal immunoglobulin production by cord blood mononuclear cells. AB - Glucocorticosteroids (GCS) are in vitro polyclonal activators of immunoglobulin (Ig) production for human mononuclear cells (MC) from virtually all adult donors. However, GCS treatment of cord blood MC resulted in Ig production in only 12/41 samples. This GCS effect is T cell and monocyte dependent and is mediated in part by a soluble T cell replacing factor. The inconsistent response of cord MC could be due to either cellular or soluble factor differences from adults. In 11/12 samples tested, irradiated cord T cells did help adult B cells, but less than did irradiated allogeneic adult T cells. T cell suppression in cord samples is unlikely inasmuch as higher cord T cell numbers and proportions increased the number of responding cord samples. Cord monocytes function adequately, because monocytes supported GCS responses when cord non-T cells had sufficient T cell help. The T cell replacing factor was found in supernatants of unstimulated cord as well as in adult MC cultures, but was less than 50% as potent. Cord B cells did not develop GCS-induced Ig production with such supernatants, suggesting that cord B cells may require a higher concentration or more prolonged exposure to T cell help. With a 2:1 ratio of irradiated adult T cells to cord non-T cells, only 25% of cord samples responded to GCS (compared to greater than 95% of adult samples), but with a ratio of 4:1, 75% responded. IgM was the predominant isotype secreted by GCS-stimulated cord cells, but 6/14 samples also produced IgG and 8/14 produced IgA. Thus, the functional immaturity of both cord T and B cells exists for GCS-induced Ig production, but with appropriate conditions GCS can activate most samples of cord B cells to synthesize Ig. PMID- 6609978 TI - Nutritional factors and autoimmunity. IV. Dietary vitamin A deprivation induces a selective increase in IgM autoantibodies and hypergammaglobulinemia in New Zealand Black mice. AB - The role of nutrition in modulating autoantibody expression in murine lupus has become well documented. One such nutritional factor, zinc deficiency, has received significant attention because of the well-known effects of zinc on the immune function of genetically normal animals. Moreover zinc-deficient diets retard autoantibody production in NZB, NZB/W, and MRL/1 mice; such deprivation also enhances survival in all three strains. Because zinc nutriture influences vitamin A metabolism, it has been postulated that the immunologic effects of zinc deficiency are mediated in part by the reduction of vitamin A levels seen in zinc deprivation. To explore this possibility we studied the influence of vitamin A deficiency, in zinc well-nourished mice, on autoantibody production in NZB mice. Groups of NZB mice, beginning at 6 mo of age, were fed a vitamin A-deficient diet or a control diet ad libitum or pair-fed to the deficient group. The diet contained casein as the protein source and contained adequate levels of trace elements and vitamins. Despite our hypothesis that the reduction of autoantibodies in zinc-deficient NZB mice might be mediated by secondary vitamin A deficiency, we found that vitamin A-deficient animals manifested more severe hypergammaglobulinemia and an earlier onset of both NTA and IgM anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies than did vitamin A-sufficient mice. These results illustrate the importance of rigorous studies of select nutritional parameters and warn of the possibility of clinical harm in feeding inappropriate diets to patients with systemic lupus erythematosis. PMID- 6609979 TI - Induction of various autoantibodies by mutant gene lpr in several strains of mice. AB - The effect of the autosomal mutant gene lpr (lymphoproliferation) on the development of various autoantibodies and immune complex (IC) glomerulonephritis was investigated in four genetically distinct strains of mice: MRL/ MpJ , C3H/HeJ, C57BL/6J, and AKR/J. The presence of the lpr gene not only enhanced the production of autoantibodies in the autoimmune MRL/ MpJ strain, but also induced the formation of various kinds of autoantibodies in the three other strains of mice without any apparent predisposition to autoimmune disease. Autoantibodies induced by the lpr gene included anti-double-stranded DNA, anti-single-stranded DNA, anti-IgG, anti-thymocyte, and anti-serum glycoprotein gp70. This indicates that the action of the lpr gene on the development of autoantibody response does not require the particular abnormalities of the MRL genome. The differences in amounts and types of autoantibodies among the lpr strains reflect the difference in the background genome of each strain, suggesting the participation of other genes or factors determining the quantity and/or specificity of autoantibodies. In addition to the development of autoantibodies, the three nonautoimmune strains of mice produced high levels of unidentified IC in the presence of the lpr gene, detectable by the C1q and the conglutinin binding tests. Their glomerular lesions, however, were relatively limited when compared with MRL/ MpJ -lpr/lpr mice, which developed severe glomerulonephritis early in their life. These results suggest that the lpr gene is able to induce the formation of various autoantibodies and IC at significant concentrations in nonautoimmune mice, but for the full manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus there may be a requirement for supplemental genetic abnormalities or factors. PMID- 6609980 TI - Induction of autoantibodies to thyroglobulin by anti-idiotypic antibodies. AB - We report on the induction of autoantibodies to thyroglobulin (Tg) and idiotype positive molecules (Id') in naive BALB/c mice and Buffalo (BUF) rats after immunization with affinity-purified rabbit anti-Id antibodies directed against the Id of a mouse monoclonal antibody ( mAb62 ) specific for a hormone-containing epitope of Tg. Autoantibodies to Tg were produced in about one-half of anti-Id immunized mice, whereas Id' was detected in all but one mouse. Autoantibodies to Tg and Id' were not produced in control mice similarly immunized with non-anti-Id Ig. To clarify the relationship between molecules with Tg-binding activity and those referred to as Id', Tg-specific monoclonal antibodies were generated from an anti-Id-immunized mouse. By competitive inhibition experiments, we could determine that they were idiotypically very similar to the monoclonal antibody ( mAb62 ) at the origin of the immunologic cascade. Thus, autoantibodies induced by anti-idiotypic immunization alone are likely to be of the Ab1' type. Similarly, autoantibody to Tg and Id' molecules were induced in young normal rats of the autoimmune-prone BUF strain. Together, these results suggest that antibodies to Id directed against autoantigens are sufficient per se to activate self reactivity. PMID- 6609981 TI - Interleukin 1 activity in normal human urine. AB - Urine concentrates from normal individuals were shown to contain interleukin 1 (IL 1)-like activity when tested directly on human dermal fibroblasts and on C3H/HeJ mouse thymocytes in the presence of 1 microgram/ml phytohemagglutinin. Seventy-five percent of the urine samples tested, however, demonstrated the presence of a specific inhibitor of IL 1-promoted thymocyte proliferation. This inhibitor did not affect IL 2-promoted proliferation of mouse thymocytes or CT-6 cells or IL 1-promoted proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts. After gel filtration of the urine concentrates, even those samples that were inhibitory yielded fractions containing both thymocyte and fibroblast proliferative activity. The approximate m.w. of these activities were 75,000 and 15,000. In addition, two peaks of low m.w. thymocyte proliferative activity were noted at 4000 and 2000. The 2000 pool, but not the 4000 pool, also contained fibroblast proliferative activity. PMID- 6609982 TI - Differences in lymphocyte responsiveness to lymphokines in two inbred strains of Syrian hamster. AB - Two inbred strains of Syrian hamster have been shown to display differences in splenic NK cell activity both endogenously and after infection with Pichinde virus. On further investigation of these differences, it was found that the spleens and thymuses of the high NK strain, MHA, displayed greater cellularity than those of the low NK strain, LSH. Additionally, thymocytes from MHA hamsters were found to proliferate to a greater extent than those of LSH hamsters in response to Con A-induced conditioned medium plus lectin. Splenocytes from MHA hamsters showed high levels of lymphokine-activated killer cell (LAK) activity after culture in conditioned medium, in contrast to LSH splenocytes cultured under the same conditions. By limiting dilution analysis, spleens from MHA hamsters were found to contain a greater frequency of LAK precursors than those from LSH hamsters. The data suggest that the relative concentrations of lymphopoietic cells is genetically determined. PMID- 6609983 TI - Biochemical comparison of murine colony-stimulating factors secreted by a T cell lymphoma and a myelomonocytic leukemia. AB - Factors that stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of murine bone marrow cells have been purified from a cloned T cell lymphoma, LBRM-33, and a cloned myelomonocytic leukemia cell line, WEHI-3. These colony-stimulating factors (CSF) have been purified by sequential fractionation by using salt precipitation, gel filtration, anion and cation exchange chromatography, and high pressure liquid chromatography. Both LBRM-33 and WEHI-3 cells secrete a CSF species with similar chemical and biologic properties. This CSF species appears to exist in two forms, termed CSF-2 alpha and CSF-2 beta, both of which stimulate the growth of bone marrow cells in the granulocyte, macrophage, megakaryocyte, mast cell, and erythrocyte lineages, as well as the growth of a CSF-dependent cell line, FDC-P2. These properties of CSF-2 alpha and -2 beta are similar to those reported for interleukin 3, hematopoietic cell growth factor, mast cell growth factor, and persisting cell growth factor. However, LBRM-33 cells secrete another CSF species, not produced by WEHI-3 cells. This CSF species, unique to LBRM cells, is termed here CSF-2 gamma and it stimulates the proliferation of granulocytes and macrophages from bone marrow but does not support the growth of FDC-P2 cells. PMID- 6609984 TI - HLA-DR antigens of autologous melanoma and B lymphoblastoid cell lines: differences in glycosylation but not protein structure. AB - The HLA-DR antigen expressed on the surface of the human melanoma cell line SK MEL-37 was characterized and compared with the HLA-DR antigen from the MU B lymphoblastoid cell line originating from the same individual. The HLA-DR heavy chain from SK-MEL-37 cells had an apparent mobility on SDS-PAGE slightly slower than that isolated from MU cells. In contrast, the HLA-DR light chains and the HLA-A,-B heavy chains from the two cell lines had identical mobilities. Double labeled tryptic peptide mapping and limited N-terminal sequencing showed that the SK-MEL-37 HLA-DR antigen, like all previously examined B lymphoblastoid cell HLA DR antigens, was homologous to the murine I-E/C subregion antigens and that the mobility difference of the SK-MEL-37 HLA-DR heavy chain was not attributable to differences in the primary structure of the polypeptide. Treatment of the cells with tunicamycin abolished the m.w. difference, suggesting that it was due to a change in glycosylation in SK-MEL-37. This was confirmed by analysis of the glycopeptides from pronase-digested HLA-DR light and heavy chains and HLA-A,B heavy chains purified from the two cell types. The results suggest 1) there is a difference in asparagine-linked oligosaccharide processing in the two cell types, with more of the larger complex glycans synthesized in the melanoma cells than in the B lymphoblastoid cells, 2) the effect is more pronounced with HLA-DR heavy chains than with HLA-DR light chains or HLA-A,B heavy chains, and 3) the oligosaccharide size difference is not solely due to sialic acid content. PMID- 6609985 TI - Isolation and characterization of a human T lymphocyte-associated glycoprotein (gp40). AB - The biosynthetic and structural characteristics of the human thymocyte/T cell antigen defined by the monoclonal antibody WT1 have been studied. WT1 identified a monomeric cell surface glycoprotein of Mr = 40,000 ( gp40 ). Cross-absorption experiments and two-dimensional gel analyses indicate that WT1 and another monoclonal antibody, 3A1, react with the same structure. This glycoprotein was asymmetrically inserted into the rough endoplasmic reticulum as a transmembrane structure. At this stage, the polypeptide chain possessed two N-linked, "high mannose" type glycans; these were subsequently processed into endo-H-insensitive, complex oligosaccharides during intracellular transport to the cell surface. Inhibition of N-linked glycosylation with tunicamycin failed to block the processing of the nonglycosylated Mr = 29,000 polypeptide to a glycoprotein of Mr = 33,000. Cleavage of the mature Mr = 40,000 form with endo-F yielded a similar Mr = 33,000 product. The kinetics of synthesis of the Mr = 33,000 intermediate in conjunction with gal-NAc oligosaccharidase digestion indicated the presence of O linked glycans in the mature cell surface WT1 antigen. The fully processed cell surface form of the polypeptide also contains covalently associated fatty acid, and was labeled by 32P phosphate, the predominantly labeled phosphoamino acid being phosphoserine. We also demonstrate biochemically that the reactivity of WT1 with cells from a few patients with acute myeloid leukemia reflects genuine expression of the gp40 structure on myeloid cells. PMID- 6609986 TI - MALA-1: a surface antigen expressed on activated murine T and B lymphocytes. AB - Detergent-solubilized plasma membranes of Con A-activated mouse spleen cells were absorbed with Sepharose-coupled rat antibodies against resting mouse lymphocytes. The unbound fraction was used to immunize a rat, and the immune spleen cells were fused with the rat myeloma Y3 . All seven rat monoclonal antibodies produced in this way strongly reacted with mitogen-activated spleen cells but only weakly or insignificantly with unstimulated spleen cells. One of the antibodies, YE3 /19.1, was studied in detail. The antibody strongly reacted with Con A- or LPS stimulated spleen cells, but not significantly with normal adult thymocytes, spleen cells, or bone marrow cells. Unlike the transferrin receptor, which is expressed on virtually all dividing cells, the antigen defined by YE3 /19.1 was not detected on erythroblast-enriched populations or some non-T, non-B cell lines. Therefore, the antigen, termed MALA-1, seems to be specific for activated murine lymphocytes of the T and B cell lineages. Over 25% of normal adult lymph node cells were also found to express the antigen, although the antigen densities on lymph node cells were lower than those on mitogen-stimulated spleen cells. Kinetic studies of the expression of MALA-1 and the transferrin receptor on Con A activated spleen T cells showed that both antigens are detectable within 24 hr of Con A stimulation. Although the density of the transferrin receptor on Con A blasts declined as the cell proliferation ceased, MALA-1 expression persisted. Immunoprecipitation of MALA-1 from surface-iodinated Con A blasts revealed its m.w. to be approximately 14,000 to 18,000. PMID- 6609987 TI - IgE-binding factors from mouse T lymphocytes. II. Strain differences in the nature of IgE-binding factor. AB - Normal spleen cells from high IgE responder, BDF1 mice, formed IgE-potentiating factor upon incubation with mouse IgE, whereas those from low IgE responder, SJL mice, formed IgE-suppressive factor. The majority of the factors from BDF1 spleen cells had affinity for lentil lectin; those from SJL mice lacked affinity for the lectin. BDF1 spleen cells could be switched, however, to form IgE-suppressive factor if the cells were incubated with IgE in the presence of lipomodulin , a phospholipase inhibitory protein. In contrast, SJL spleen cells could form IgE potentiating factor in the presence of lysolecithin, which enhances the glycosylation of IgE-binding factors. When the two strains were primed with alum absorbed ovalbumin and their spleen cells were stimulated with homologous antigen, IgE-binding factors were detected in culture filtrates. The factors formed by BDF1 spleen cells selectively potentiated the IgE response, however, whereas those formed by SJL spleen cells selectively suppressed the response. Analysis of the cellular mechanisms for the selective formation of IgE potentiating factor by antigen-primed BDF1 spleen cells revealed that antigenic stimulation of Lyt-1+ T cells resulted in the formation of two T cell factors, i.e., an "inducer" of IgE-binding factor and a glycosylation-enhancing factor, and that these factors induced the selective formation of IgE-potentiating factor. In SJL spleen cells, antigenic stimulation of Lyt-1+ T cells resulted in the formation of an "inducer" and a glycosylation-inhibiting factor, and those factors in turn stimulated the formation of IgE-suppressive factor. An additional difference between the two strains was found in Fc gamma R+ Ly-1+ T cells that were the cell source of IgE-binding factors. Upon stimulation with IgE or "inducer", BDF1 Lyt 1+ cells formed IgE-potentiating factor, whereas the same subset of T cells from SJL mice formed IgE-suppressive factor. The results indicate that the genetic differences between the two strains with respect to the nature of IgE-binding factors appear to be expressed in the process of glycosylation of IgE-binding factors. PMID- 6609988 TI - Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies reactive with porcine PBL. AB - Partially inbred miniature swine have been developed in this laboratory as a large animal model for immunologic studies. For many of these studies, a source of large quantities of well standardized antibodies to lymphocyte cell surface markers would be extremely helpful. Screening of a large panel of murine anti human monoclonal antibodies (MAb) for anti-pig cross-reactions was nonproductive. We have therefore prepared a panel of MAb from mice immunized with pig thymocytes. Twenty-six stable MAb were produced that reacted with Ficoll/Hypaque purified porcine lymphocytes. Reactivity was detected by complement-mediated cytotoxicity and/or cell surface binding ELISA. FMF analysis was performed on unseparated, glass-adherent, nylon wool-adherent, or nylon wool-nonadherent PBL and on cell preparations from lymphoid organs. In addition, the m.w. of the antigens detected by certain of these MAb were determined by immunoprecipitation of extracts of 125I surface-labeled cells. The majority of the MAb were not subpopulation specific. Included in these were 74-11-10 (IgG2b), which was specific for a polymorphic class I MHC determinant, and 76-3-2 (IgG1), which reacted with either a monomorphic class I MHC determinant or beta 2 microglobulin. Another MAb, 74-9-3 (IgM), precipitated a high m.w. complex of three polypeptide chains that appeared similar to that of the common leukocyte antigen. Of special interest were six MAb that were specific for various subpopulations of PBL: 76-7-4 (IgG2a) reacts with peripheral B cells, and 60% of thymocytes but not peripheral T cells, a pattern consistent with the murine ThB antigen; 74-22-15 (IgG1) and 76-5-28 (IgM) react with macrophages and granulocytes; 76-6-7 (IgM) reacts with T cells, macrophages, and granulocytes but not B cells, a combination of reactivities not previously reported in other species; 74-12-4 (IgG2b) and 76-2-11 (IgG2a) react specifically with T cells. 74 12-4 precipitated an antigen of 55,000 m.w., and 76-2-11 precipitated an antigen of 35,000 m.w. The m.w. and tissue distributions suggest that 74-12-4 recognizes porcine T helper cells, whereas 76-2-11 recognizes cytotoxic and/or suppressor T cells. PMID- 6609989 TI - Monoclonal anti-mouse macrophage antibodies recognize the globular portions of C1q, a subcomponent of the first component of complement. AB - One of seven monoclonal antibodies generated against mouse macrophages (M phi) was found to recognize isolated heterologous C1q. This antibody was shown to be cytotoxic and to react in a strain-independent way with mouse M phi derived from bone marrow cells as well as with M phi from the peritoneal cavity; it did not react, however, with mouse granulocytes, thymocytes, or T and B lymphocytes. The hemolytic activity of fluid phase C1q was inhibited to 50% at a 2 X 10(-4) dilution of hybridoma supernatant, whereas a 100-fold higher concentration was required to inhibit C1q bound to immune complexes ( EAC1q ) to the same extent. It was demonstrated that this antibody recognizes the isolated globular, Fc binding portions of the C1q molecule and reacts with the A and B chains. Because M phi have been shown to synthesize C1q, the Fc-recognizing subcomponent of the first component of complement, evidence was provided that endogeneous C1q can serve as an Fc receptor on M phi during secretion. This fact was demonstrated by a dose-dependent inhibition of Fc-receptor activity for EIgG by the F(ab')2 fragment of this monoclonal antibody. These experiments further support the concept that C1q produced by M phi functions on the surface as an Fc-recognizing molecule before it is released and incorporated into the macromolecular complex of serum C1. PMID- 6609990 TI - Human cytotoxic T cell clones directed against herpes simplex virus-infected cells. I. Lysis restricted by HLA class II MB and DR antigens. AB - In contrast to general findings that mouse and human cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are restricted in cytotoxic activity by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigens, we previously found that some herpes simplex virus (HSV) type I-infected cells that shared no HLA class I antigens with the HSV-1 stimulated lymphocytes were lysed. In this study, we addressed the question of the role of HLA antigens in human T cell-mediated lysis of HSV-1-infected cells by generating clones of HSV-1-directed CTL from two HSV-1-seropositive individuals. CTL clones that lysed autologous HSV-1-infected lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL), but not natural killer-sensitive K562 cells or uninfected or influenza virus-infected LCL, were tested for cytotoxicity against a panel of allogeneic HSV-1-infected LCL. Clone KL-35 from individual KL lysed only HSV-1 infected LCL sharing the HLA class II MB1 antigen with KL. With all four CTL clones isolated from individual PM, only HSV-1-infected LCL sharing DR1 with PM were lysed. Monoclonal antibody s3/4 (directed against MB1 ), but not TS1/16 or B33 .1 (directed against a DR framework determinant), blocked lysis of autologous HSV-1-infected cells by KL-35. In contrast, B33 .1, but not s3/4, blocked lysis of autologous HSV-1-infected cells by the PM CTL clones but not by KL-35. Together, these results indicate that our five human CTL clones which are directed against HSV-1-infected cells, and which are all OKT3+, OKT4+, OKT8-, are restricted in lytic activity by HLA class II MB and DR antigens. These results suggest that the HLA D region-encoded class II antigens may be important in the recognition and destruction of virus-infected cells by human CTL. PMID- 6609991 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of messenger RNA, from murine T cell hybrids, coding for suppressive immunoglobulin G-binding factor. AB - Poly A RNA has been isolated from a murine T cell hybridoma ( T2D4 ) that spontaneously secretes suppressive immunoglobulin G-binding factor ( IgGBF ). Translation products, obtained from a rabbit reticulocyte lysate translation system and after injection into Xenopus laevis oocytes, contain material with the biologic activity, the affinity, and the m.w. of murine IgGBF ; it suppresses secondary in vitro IgG antibody production in a dose-dependent fashion. The suppressive factor binds to IgG but not to IgM immunoadsorbents and, after mild NaDodSO4 treatment, dissociates in NaDodSO4 polyacrylamide gels into two peaks at 78 and 40 kD. Translation products from two non- IgGBF -secreting cell lines (BW 5147, a T lymphoma line, and A9, a fibroblast cell line) fail to exert any suppressive activity. On sucrose gradients, the RNA responsible for the biologic activity was found in one major peak located at 11S. IgGBF synthesized in a cellfree translation system by using poly A RNA and sucrose gradient fractions was also characterized by immunoprecipitation with Fc fragments of [35S]methionine-labeled proteins. On NaDodSO4 polyacrylamide gels, it migrates in one peak located at 37 kD. We conclude that IgGBF is coded for by 11S poly A RNA and that no post-translational modifications (other than proteolytic cleavage) are necessary to obtain a biologically active factor with Ig-binding properties. PMID- 6609992 TI - Strategies for production of monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies against human B cell lymphomas. AB - Murine monoclonal antibodies (MAB) against the idiotype (Id) of B lymphocyte malignancies are powerful reagents for the study of these diseases, and are potentially useful for treatment. Different strategies for the production of these anti-Id MAB have been compared. Initially, the Id Ig from nonsecreting B cell tumors was "rescued" by human X mouse or human X human hybridization. These somatic cell hybridizations resulted in the secretion of human Ig in 10 and 100% of the fusions, respectively. In a second step, anti-Id MAB were produced by using the "rescued" Id Ig as immunogen. A more streamlined approach is based on a one-step procedure in which the tumor cell suspension is used as immunogen. This method of immunization, coupled with a four-layer ELISA, results in the detection of anti-Id MAB in a frequency of approximately 1% of the total hybrids. By using a pool of 10 different anti-Id MAB, each reactive with the tumor of one patient, we searched for idiotypic relatedness among a panel of 50 additional tumors. No cross-reactions were found, indicating that our current strategy results in the identification of unique idiotypic determinants among human B cell tumors. Idiotypic Ig can be found in the serum of patients with B cell tumors. Among groups of patients, there is a wide spectrum of serum Id levels, ranging from less than 0.01 microgram/ml to greater than 500 micrograms/ml. PMID- 6609993 TI - A helper factor needed for the generation of mouse cytolytic T lymphocytes is made by tumor cell lines, cloned T cells, and spleen cells exposed to a variety of stimuli. AB - A helper factor termed cytolytic T lymphocyte helper factor (CHF) that is needed for the generation of allospecific mouse cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) in vitro was produced by mouse spleen cells 3 to 4 days after the time when interleukin 2 (IL 2) had reached its maximal production. These kinetics were observed by stimulation of immune spleen cells with allogeneic tumor or spleen cells, with Sendai or influenza viral peptides, with virus infected cells, or with concanavalin A (Con A). CHF produced by rat spleen cells was able to help in the generation of mouse CTL, indicating that this cytokine was not restricted genetically. CHF could also be made by WEHI-3 and EL4 cell lines, as well as cloned cytolytic and helper T cells. The production of CHF by WEHI-3 cells argues that CHF is not IL 2. In addition, if CHF was not present early in the in vitro stimulation no CTL were generated, suggesting that CHF participated in the activation of CTL precursors. The addition of IL 2-containing conditioned medium to the CHF assay resulted in no substantial CTL generation, although significant cellular proliferation was observed. In contrast, CHF-containing conditioned medium allowed the generation of CTL in the absence of the same level of proliferation. PMID- 6609994 TI - Lack of adenosine deaminase activity in cultured murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - The level of adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity was investigated in various populations of IL 2-dependent, cultured cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), from bulk cultures as well as from CTL lines (CTL-A and CTL-B types). The study of C57BL/6 derived, cytotoxic bulk cultures yielded the following mean values of ADA activity: 12,500 U/mg in the cortical, immature region of the thymus, 1500 U/mg in the immunocompetent, cortisone-resistant medullary thymocytes, and 2000 U/mg in the T cell population from the spleen. These results are in agreement with previous studies on separated T lymphocyte populations of known origin and further indicate that a fall in ADA activity accompanies T cell maturation. ADA activity was measured in C57BL/6-derived CTL-A lines obtained from the thymic and splenic bulk cultures. All lines were characterized by a very low level of ADA activity, compared with the T cell bulk cultures freshly initiated from the thymic medulla or from the spleen, and to a variety of T tumor lines established in long term culture. Some showed undetectable ADA activity (less than or equal to 20 units/mg), whereas others maintained significant activity (50 to 500 U/mg). No correlation was found between the residual ADA activity level and the killing activity, at the time of the enzyme assay. Identical properties were observed for CTL-B cloned lines of various genetic backgrounds. These results suggest that the level of ADA activity of the CTL in the mouse is lower than the average value of mature T cells of the thymic medulla, and might constitute a differentiation marker specific to the CTL population. A possibility remains that low ADA activity levels in these CTL lines may be the consequence of an extinction of the ADA gene during in vitro growth, as it is observed for the cytotoxic activity itself. In either case, a low ADA activity level is a remarkable property of IL 2 dependent CTL clones, when compared to various established T tumor lines, which exhibit high and stable ADA levels during long term in vitro growth (5000 to 15,000 U/mg). PMID- 6609995 TI - Rescue of the tumor-specific immune response of aged mice in vitro. AB - In contrast to young mice, old mice fail to reject a transplanted challenge of the highly immunogenic, ultraviolet light-induced tumor 1591-RE. Old mice also fail to mount a cytolytic tumor-specific immune response in vivo, and spleen cells of old mice are defective in their ability to generate tumor-specific T cells in vitro. In the present study we report the results of cell culture mixing experiments that show that this deficiency is due to a decreased responsiveness of the Lyt-2+ tumor-specific cytolytic T cell precursors of the old animals. We also demonstrate with limiting dilution analysis that the defective responsiveness is not due to a clonal exhaustion of the precursors. In fact, the responsiveness could be restored in vitro by culturing the spleen cells of old animals at high density or by the addition of excess Lyt-1-/Lyt-2-/2000-rad resistant spleen cells from young or old mice. Our results suggest that the rescue of tumor immunity in old individuals may be possible, perhaps by educating effector cells in vitro for adoptive immunotherapy. PMID- 6609996 TI - Preparative two-step purification of human IL-2 by HPLC and hydrophobic affinity chromatography. AB - Interleukin 2 (IL-2) has been purified by a protocol using gel filtration high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and hydrophobic affinity chromatography with blue-trisacryl M. Peripheral blood lymphocytes or tonsillar lymphocytes were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Serum free conditioned medium (CM) containing IL-2, other lymphokines and residual PHA molecules was analyzed after 3 variations of ammonium sulfate (AS) precipitation: (1) precipitation of CM with 50% AS yielded a precipitate containing most of the residual PHA but also a fraction of IL-2. (2) Precipitation with direct 80% AS of crude CM yielded both IL-2 and residual PHA. (3) A double step procedure (50% AS followed by 80% AS) yielded a precipitate containing IL-2 but free of residual lectin. HPLC purification of these various AS-precipitated materials or of lyophilized crude CM yielded 2 peaks with mitogenic activity as assayed with the CTLL2 murine clone or IL-2-dependent human Con A-stimulated lymphoblasts. IFN was easily separated from IL-2 and PHA, but BCGF still copurified with IL-2. Peak I (25 kDa) was enriched 400-fold for IL-2 while peak II (68 kDa) contained the residual PHA. The IL-2-containing fractions eluted from HPLC were further purified by blue trisacryl M chromatography. The IL-2 eluted with 0.4 M NaCl. The entire protocol (HPLC followed by blue-trisacryl) led routinely to 8000-fold IL-2 enrichment. Preparative HPLC directly applied to lyophilized crude (CM) enriched IL-2 activity 400-fold with yield averaging 60% of the IL-2 input. The final material was free from interferon and IL-1, but BCGF still copurified with IL-2. The 2 step purified material (HPLC and blue-trisacryl) gave 2 bands in SDS-PAGE both of which contained IL-2. PMID- 6609997 TI - Rapid colorimetric assay for cell viability: application to the quantitation of cytotoxic and growth inhibitory lymphokines. AB - A rapid colorimetric microtiter assay has been developed to detect cytotoxic lymphokines produced by human lymphocytes activated with lectins or tumor cells. The viability of lymphotoxin-treated target cells was detected using a tetrazolium dye that is reduced to a blue formazan by living but not dead cells. The amount of dye formed was quantitated using a microplate spectrophotometer (ELISA plate reader) and visual observations confirmed the amount of formazan dye produced was directly proportional to the number of viable target cells. The advantages of using this colorimetric method are that it requires no washing steps or radioisotopes and its precision and rapidity. Optimal conditions were established using the murine L929 and human ESH -5L cell lines as target cells for detecting lymphotoxins produced by human lymphocytes. The data indicate that the L929 cell line was 10-50-fold more sensitive than the ESH -5L line to the lytic activity of cytotoxins produced by human phytohemagglutinin-P-activated T lymphocytes, or the cytotoxins produced by peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated with various tumor cell lines. This assay system was also useful in detecting antibodies capable of neutralizing lymphotoxin activity and thus should be a suitable method to aid in the molecular characterization of these lymphokines. PMID- 6609999 TI - The postantibiotic effect in the treatment of experimental meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in rabbits. AB - The relevance of a postantibiotic effect in the treatment of pneumococcal meningitis was evaluated in a rabbit model. After administration of a single intravenous bolus of ampicillin at various dosages, such an effect was observed in all animals. The duration of this effect in vivo (2.5-18 hr) was consistently longer than that in vitro (1-4.3 hr); however, in rabbits the postantibiotic effect was eliminated by the administration of intravenous plus intracisternal beta-lactamase. In an assessment of the potential therapeutic benefit of the postantibiotic effect, the efficacy to two regimens of treatment with different intervals between doses was compared. One group of animals received ampicillin every 4 hr and another every 12 hr. With sufficiently high doses, drug concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid exceeded the minimal bactericidal concentration for most of the 4-hr interval but for only about one-third of the 12-hr interval. The rate of cure was similar for the two regimens and approximated 100% when peak drug concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid exceeded the minimal bactericidal concentration by at least 10-fold. PMID- 6609998 TI - Rapid separation of human monocytes and lymphocytes by Sephadex G-10. AB - Many of the interesting functions of human lymphocytes in vitro are known or suspected to be dependent on the presence of monocytes. A practical limiting factor in cell interaction experiments is the ability to separate and recover functional monocytes and lymphocytes rapidly from the same blood specimens. Here we describe a simple, rapid and inexpensive solution to this problem. Incubation at 37 degrees C on Sephadex G-10 columns consistently depleted monocytes to low levels (less than 0.1%) and gave maximum lymphocyte yields (greater than 60%) in a short time. Half the esterase-positive monocytes entering the column may be easily recovered from the beads by a 4 degrees C chilling/shaking technique; by using 0.5% lidocaine, an additional 15% can be recovered. Simultaneously, the G 10-nonadherent lymphocytes are being further separated into T and B cells by E rosetting. These recovered G-10-adherent cells were above 90% esterase positive, and showed a cell size distribution on the Coulter channelyzer distinctly larger than nonadherent lymphocytes. To illustrate the use of this protocol we present a monocyte titration experiment which demonstrated a plateau of optimal pokeweed mitogen-stimulated Ig production at 5-10% monocytes. PMID- 6610000 TI - Cultivation of Pneumocystis carinii in lung-derived cell lines. PMID- 6610001 TI - Recurrent meningitis in an adult due to nontypable Haemophilus influenzae. PMID- 6610003 TI - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: is disseminated aspergillosis predictive of underlying cellular immune deficiency? PMID- 6610002 TI - Experimental pneumonia due to Haemophilus influenzae: observations on pathogenesis and treatment. AB - A model of pneumonia due to Haemophilus influenzae type b was developed in mice and used for exploration of the pathophysiology of the infection and evaluation of the efficacy of five antimicrobial agents. Adult C57BL/6 mice were challenged with 3 X 10(9) cfu of H influenzae by intratracheal inoculation. Mice given placebo or no treatment experienced a uniformly bacteremic and fatal infection. Animals given ampicillin, cefamandole, chloramphenicol, erythromycin plus sulfisoxazole, or fludalanine plus pentizidone (MK 0641/MK 0642, an investigational combination drug) survived at a higher rate than did controls (P less than .001 at 72 hr for each antibiotic). However, survival rates for the various antibiotic-treated groups were similar. Viable organisms were eradicated from the lungs of antibiotic-treated mice more quickly than from the lungs of controls (P less than .001 at 24 hr for each drug). Studies of pulmonary clearance revealed significant differences among regimens; the order of efficacy (from most to least) was ampicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin/sulfisoxazole, cefamandole, and fludalanine / pentizidone . This model represents an appropriate system for evaluation of invasive pulmonary infection caused by H influenzae type b. Of the antibiotics assessed, ampicillin was most active in vivo. PMID- 6610004 TI - [Clinical manifestations, therapeutic methods and prognosis of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy]. AB - In view of the increased prevalence of so-called "ischemic cardiomyopathy" ( Burch ) in Japan, we attempted to clarify the clinical manifestations of this condition and to investigate the medical treatment in comparison with the surgical therapy. Eighteen patients (17 males and one female) were identified as having "ischemic cardiomyopathy" according to the following criteria: These include (i) an ejection fraction of 30% or less with asynergy on all segments of AHA classification, (ii) significant coronary stenosis (75% or more) of one or more major coronary branches, and (iii) no other coexisting lesion, such as primary valvular disease or congenital heart disease. In the history, distinct myocardial infarction or angina pectoris was observed in 10 cases (56%), and in the remaining eight cases (44%) only symptoms of cardiac failure was shown. On the ECG, all cases showed pathologic Q waves. Moreover, 10 cases (56%) of these had Q waves in five leads or more. Cardiomegaly on the chest X-ray film (CTR greater than or equal to 60%) was evident in 10 cases and that on echocardiogram ( LVDd greater than or equal to 60 mm) in 16 cases. Physical examinations demonstrated gallop sounds in 89% and a B-B' step formation on echocardiograms in 50%. The LVEDP was greater than 12 mmHg in 13 cases, and the systolic pressure of the pulmonary artery was higher than 35 mmHg in 13 cases. On the other hand, the reduced cardiac index (less than or equal to 2.21/min/M2) was observed in only one case. Selective CAG revealed multiple vessel disease in 78%. Ten of the 18 cases had mitral regurgitation demonstrated by left ventriculography.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6610005 TI - Electrical physical therapy in treating TMJ patients. PMID- 6610006 TI - [A successful combined operation of two-chambered right ventricle and coronary artery disease]. PMID- 6610007 TI - [Effect of EGF on newborn mouse calvaria in vitro]. PMID- 6610008 TI - [Malignant lymphoma--recent progress in diagnosis and treatment. 2. Application of recent diagnostic analysis. (1). Cellular origin of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. PMID- 6610009 TI - [Malignant lymphoma--recent progress in diagnosis and treatment. 2. Application of recent diagnostic analysis. (2). Cytogenetic approaches to the pathogenesis of lymphoid malignancies: proposal of 14q+ marker positive malignancy]. PMID- 6610010 TI - [Malignant lymphoma--recent progress in diagnosis and treatment. 2. Application of recent diagnostic analysis. (3). Adult T-cell leukemic lymphoma (ATL)]. PMID- 6610011 TI - [Cross-reactive auto-anti-idiotypic antibody against anti-DNA antibody in systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6610012 TI - [Etiology of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a healthy woman]. PMID- 6610013 TI - Responses of human large granular lymphocytes and classical T-cells in culture to allogeneic cells, lectins, and soluble antigen. AB - Subpopulations of human peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocytes, after depletion of B-cells and monocytes (by sequential adherence to plastic and nylon wool columns) were separated by Percoll density gradient centrifugation and tested for their ability to proliferate in response to various mitogens, recall antigens, and alloantigens, and to develop cytolytic reactivity in vitro. The low-density fraction [mostly large-granular lymphocytes (LGL)] contained greater than 95% of the total cytotoxic activity of unfractionated nonadherent lymphocytes, against the natural killer (NK)-susceptible K562 target cell, and against other NK susceptible targets, whereas the high-density lymphocyte fraction (mostly classical T-lymphocytes) demonstrated little or no cytolytic activity against these targets. Conversely, cytotoxic alloreactivity against the lymphoblasts of the donor used for stimulation developed only in the cultures of high density cells. Autologous cytotoxic reactivity, against autologous phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphoblasts, was not restricted to either subset but developed by both LGL as well as high-density lymphocytes. LGL and high-density T lymphocytes demonstrated significant proliferative responses to lectins [PHA, concanavalin A (Con A), pokeweed mitogen], and the responses of the LGL were similar in magnitude to those of peripheral blood mononuclear cells or of high density T-cells. In contrast, only T-lymphocytes responded to the specific recall antigen, purified protein derivative (PPD). These results indicate that LGL are capable of proliferative responses to various lectins, but have no detectable specific memory responses to a soluble antigen. In addition, a different subset of lymphoid cells was responsible for the development of NK-like and specific alloreactivity. Therefore, NK cells and T-cells, although sharing proliferative responses to mitogens, exhibit different function regarding cytotoxic effectors. PMID- 6610016 TI - Reversible inactivation-reactivation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase of rat intestine. AB - 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase in the ileum of rats was inactivated by Mg2+-ATP and reversibly reactivated by cytoplasmic activator from the liver. The mevalonate kinase reaction was presumably not involved in this inactivation. Studies of nucleotide specificity for the inactivation revealed that ATP was most effective in the reaction among the nucleotides tested. In contrast to the hepatic microsomal HMG-CoA reductase, more than one half of intestinal reductase existed in an active form. These observations indicated the presence of phosphorylation-dephosphorylation mechanism for modulation of intestinal HMG-CoA reductase. PMID- 6610014 TI - Regulation of T- and B lymphocyte responses to mitogens by tumor-associated macrophages: the dependency on the stage of tumor growth. AB - This preliminary investigation was concerned with the hypothesis that macrophages associated with tumors induced to regress temporarily by the action of cyclophosphamide (CY) have the capacity to suppress local T- or B lymphocyte responses which otherwise might cause permanent regression. Cultures of adherent cells, predominantly tumor-associated macrophages ( TAMs ), isolated from two C57BL/6J (B6) sarcomas, MCA/76-9 and 76-64, after various periods of tumor growth or after CY injection (240 mg/kg) were shown to suppress or enhance the response of 10(6) B6 normal spleen cells to stimulation by concanavalin-A (Con A) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). At any given time point, the extent of suppression or enhancement induced by adherent cells isolated from tumors after CY injection was similar to that induced by cells from progressing tumors and appeared to be more dependent on the time after the initial injection of tumor cells than on drug treatment per se. Thus, adherent cells suppressed Con A and LPS responses when they were isolated either from small (0.5 g) or large (greater than 1.5 g) progressing tumors or from tumors 4-9 days after CY injection. However, during the logarithmic phase of tumor growth or within 4 days of injecting CY, adherent cells enhanced spleen cell mitogenic responses, particularly to LPS stimulation. The cultures of putative TAMs isolated at the various time points were seen to contain varying proportions of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), the proportions coinciding with the period of reduced spleen cell mitogenic responses. Cultures prepared from small or large progressing tumors contained about 10% or 20-30% PMNs, respectively, while those from tumors tested during the log phase contained less than 5% PMNs. Cultures from tumors removed within 4 days of injecting CY contained less than 5% PMNs while those prepared from tumors tested at later times contained as high as 25% PMNs by 9 days after CY injection. A comparison of peritoneal PMNs and macrophages from non-tumor-bearing mice in terms of their ability to influence mitogenesis indicated that PMNs at high ratios (1 PMN:2 spleen cells) could suppress responses directly. Lower ratios had either small suppressive effects or no effects but in no case was enhancement of responses seen. Peritoneal macrophages suppressed responses at a ratio of 1 macrophage:10 spleen cells but enhanced responses at ratios of 1 macrophage:100 or 1,000 spleen cells. The overall data indicated that the microenvironment of the tumor site may modulate the functional activity of macrophages, or their subpopulations, during their potential regulation of T- and B-cell responses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6610015 TI - In vitro induction of hepatocyte synthesis of the acute phase reactant mouse serum amyloid P-component by macrophages and IL 1. AB - The in vitro culture conditions for the induction and synthesis of the mouse acute phase reactant, serum amyloid P-component (SAP), were established using isolated hepatocytes. SAP synthesis was five to eight times greater with hepatocytes isolated from mice during the acute phase of inflammation vs. hepatocytes obtained from untreated mice. The induction of SAP synthesis in normal hepatocytes for LPS-unresponsive mice was macrophage dependent. Activated macrophages provided the most "helper" activity for SAP production. Partially purified mouse IL 1 from the P388D1 macrophage line also induced SAP synthesis. Only four IL 1 units/ml were required for optimal SAP induction. The addition of IL 1 in the presence of elicited macrophages provided an additive effect on hepatocyte SAP synthesis. The SAP-inducing activity of IL 1 copurified with its thymocyte-stimulating activity and was associated with a 11 to 25-Kd MW polypeptide. Phenylglyoxal treatment of IL 1 inactivated its thymocyte stimulating activity but not its SAP inducing potential. Inhibition of m-RNA synthesis, protein synthesis, N-glycosylation, and protein secretion effectively prevented in vitro hepatocyte SAP production. PMID- 6610018 TI - Effects of hypophysectomy and growth hormone treatment on renal hydroxylation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in rats. AB - Growth hormone stimulates intestinal calcium absorption. This action has been linked to vitamin D metabolism. We have investigated the effects of hypophysectomy and GH treatment on renal metabolism of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3). Renal hydroxylation of 25-OH-D3 was measured in vitro using the renal slice technique. Experiments were performed in young F344 rats fed a vitamin D replete, low calcium diet for 4 weeks. In hypophysectomized rats, renal conversion of 25-OH-D3 to 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-(OH)2D3) was markedly reduced compared with sham-operated rats. Renal conversion of 25-OH-D3 to 24,25-(OH)2D3 was markedly increased in hypophysectomized rats compared with sham-operated rats. Treatment of hypophysectomized rats with rat GH (rGH) for 10 days resulted in a significant increase in renal conversion of 25-OH-D3 to 1,25 (OH)2D3 and a significant decrease in conversion to 24,25-(OH)2D3. Rat GH treatment caused no significant changes in serum levels of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone. Serum calcium concentrations were similar in all groups, and serum phosphorus was low in hypophysectomized rats. Treatment of hypophysectomized rats with ovine GH for 6 days caused changes which were much less pronounced than those induced by rGH. Renal conversion of 25-OH-D3 to 1,25 (OH)2D3 and 24,25-(OH)2D3 correlated well with growth rate (weight gain). These results suggest that GH, either directly or indirectly, modulates renal metabolism of 25-OH-D3. PMID- 6610017 TI - Periodontics and von Willebrand's disease, the team approach: a case report. PMID- 6610019 TI - Neonatal circumcision: when is the decision made? AB - A self-administered questionnaire was completed by 277 new mothers to determine when the decision for neonatal circumcision is made. Seventy-eight percent of the women sampled were in favor of neonatal circumcision even before becoming pregnant. Over one half (56 percent) of the sample had decided before becoming pregnant that they would have their sons circumcised. Only 7 percent of the mothers made the decision after delivery. The circumcision status of the women's mates was a significant factor in making the decision for white women but not for black women. Sixty-one percent of all the women tried to learn more about circumcision before deciding. The most influential person in helping these women make the decision about circumcision was the husband. PMID- 6610020 TI - In vitro development of the embryonic mouse inner ear following exposure to trypsin. AB - Trypsin has been shown to disrupt normal in vitro morphogenesis of embryonic organ rudiments. Otic tissues derived from 11-, 12-, and 13-day-old mouse embryos were exposed to either Ca++- and Mg++-free PBS or 0.25% trypsin dissolved in Ca++ and Mg++-free PBS prior to explanation into organ culture. Trypsin treatment of otic explants disrupted the expression of the normal pattern of inner-ear development in vitro. There was a direct correlation between the embryonic age at time of exposure to trypsin and the severity of dysmorphogenesis of the inner ear. The younger explants showed abnormalities of both vestibular and auditory structures, whereas with increasing embryonic age, abnormalities were confined more to the auditory portion of the inner ear. The results suggest that integrity of the otocyst basal lamina and epitheliomesenchymal tissue interactions are important factors in early otic development. It is postulated that the major effect of trypsin on inner-ear morphogenesis is through disruption of these factors, which may act to regulate the progressive expression of early otic development. PMID- 6610021 TI - 5-hydroxytryptamine measurements in molluscan ganglia and neurons using a modified radioenzymatic assay. AB - A radioenzymatic procedure for the determination of sub-picomole amounts of 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is described. It is a modification of the method originally described by Saavedra et al. (1973), in which 5-HT was measured as the radiolabelled product [3H]5-methoxy-N- acetyltryptamine , after incubation with [3H]S-adenosylmethionine, acetyl-CoA, and the enzymes hydroxyindole-O methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.4) and N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.5). Ganglia from various gastropod molluscs (Aplysia californica, Tritonia diomedia , Lymnaea stagnalis, and Helisoma trivolvis ), as well as individual neuronal somata isolated from these ganglia, were assayed for 5-HT. Among the homologous giant cerebral cells in these animals, the 5-HT concentrations were similar. Statistical analysis of the 5-HT values in paired 5-HT-containing neurons demonstrated that the variability was considerably greater in samples obtained from different animals than in those obtained from the same animal. This suggests that experiments aimed at manipulating amine levels in individual neurons may benefit by using a paired-cell paradigm. The effects of incubating Aplysia ganglia with 5-HT or with the 5-HT precursors tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) were studied. High concentrations of 5-HTP and 5-HT (100 microM) increased the levels of 5-HT in ganglia, but only incubation in high concentrations of 5-HTP resulted in an increase of 5-HT in the isolated somata of 5-HT-containing neurons C1 and P5. PMID- 6610022 TI - Phase II trial of thymosin fraction 5 in advanced renal cancer. AB - Partially purified thymosin fraction 5 ( TF5 ) was administered to 21 patients with advanced renal cancer. Two different loading dose schedules and doses (60 and 120 mg/m2) of SQ TF5 were employed in 10 patients each. Of 20 evaluable patients, three exhibited partial responses and two exhibited stable disease. All five of these patients had had prior nephrectomies and lung metastases as the dominant site of disease. Toxicity was minimal but included one probable systemic allergic reaction. We could not identify any specific relationship between TF5 dose/schedule or pretreatment immune abnormalities and tumor responsiveness. Our results indicate that the administration of TF5 alone can induce regressions of renal cancer. Additional trials with larger numbers of patients appear to be justified. PMID- 6610023 TI - Regulation of interleukin-2 synthesis in human thymocytes. AB - This study was designed to investigate whether or not human thymocytes can synthesize and respond to interleukin-2 (IL-2). Thymocytes were isolated from thymic sections obtained during cardiac surgery, and immature, heavy (density, 1.070-1.075 g/ml) thymocytes were separated from mature, light (density, less than or equal to 1.065 g/ml) thymocytes by buoyant density centrifugation. Thymocytes were stimulated with concanavalin A (con A), B lymphoblastoid (Bl) cells, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), or with a combination of two or more inducing agents. Culture supernatants were analyzed for IL-2 activity by measuring the proliferation of an IL-2-dependent cytotoxic T cell line ( CTLL A11). The response of human thymocytes to endogenous or exogenous (purified) IL-2 was assessed by determining their proliferative activity and their capacity to consume and absorb IL-2. Stimulation with con A in combination with PMA or Bl cells resulted in secretion of IL-2 by dense, immature thymocytes, low-density, mature thymocytes, and unfractionated thymocytes, and in an increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation. IL-2 synthesis preceded the proliferative response and required the continuous presence of con A. It was inhibited by cyclosporin A (CsA), an immunosuppressant which inhibits T cell activation and proliferation. As a result of the inhibition of endogenous IL-2 synthesis, thymocyte proliferation at 120 h of culture was also inhibited. CsA did not inhibit proliferation at 48 h of culture when exogenous IL-2 absorption became evident, but before the onset of the IL-2-dependent proliferative response. PMID- 6610024 TI - Stimulus rate dependence of regional cerebral blood flow in human striate cortex, demonstrated by positron emission tomography. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relationship between the repetition rate of a simple sensory stimulus and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the human brain. Positron emission tomography (PET), using intravenously administered H2(15)O as the diffusible blood-flow tracer, was employed for all CBF measurements. The use of H2(15)O with PET allowed eight CBF measurements to be made in rapid sequence under multiple stimulation conditions without removing the subject from the tomograph, thus minimizing changes in base line CBF and in head position due to longer intervals between scans. Nine normal volunteers each underwent a series of eight H2(15)O PET measurements of CBF. Initial and final scans were made during visual deprivation. The six intervening scans were made during visual activation with patterned-flash stimuli given in random order at 1.0-, 3.9-, 7.8-, 15.5-, 33.1-, and 61-Hz repetition rates. In each subject the region of greatest rCBF increase was determined. Within this region the rCBF was determined for every test condition and then expressed as the percentage change from the value of the initial unstimulated scan (rCBF% delta). Anatomical localization of the region of greatest rCBF response was performed employing bony landmarks from a lateral skull radiograph, a template of the cranium created from a transmission attenuation scan and a stereotaxic atlas. In every subject, striate cortex rCBF% delta varied systematically with stimulus rate. Between 0 and 7.8 Hz, rCBF% delta was a linear function of stimulus repetition rate. The rCBF response peaked at 7.8 Hz and then declined. The rCBF% delta during visual stimulation was significantly greater than that during visual deprivation for every stimulus rate except 1.0 Hz. The anatomical localization of the region of peak rCBF response was determined for every subject to be the mesial occipital lobes along the calcarine fissure, primary visual cortex. We conclude that stimulus rate is a significant determinant of rCBF response in the visual cortex. Investigators of brain responses to selective activation procedures should be aware of the potential effects of stimulus rate on rCBF and other measurements of cerebral metabolism. For cerebral responses to selective activation to be meaningfully interpreted, the stimulus repetition rate must be taken into consideration. Response amplitude may be maximized by proper rate selection or be undetectable due to selection of too high or too low a repetition rate. Stimulus rate must be controlled for when responses to unlike stimuli or performance tasks are compared or ambiguities will be present as to whether response differences are PMID- 6610025 TI - Basal optic complex in the frog (Rana pipiens): a physiological and HRP study. AB - The basal optic projection in the frog Rana pipiens has been investigated by single-unit extracellular recording and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) histochemistry. We approached the projection from the ventral side of the brain and recorded single units in the basal optic projection proper as well as in the adjacent dorsomedial region (jointly called the basal optic complex). We found a) units responsive to stimuli moving in a vertical direction, b) an approximately equal number of units responsive to stimuli moving in a horizontal direction, and c) a smaller number of units responsive to changes in ambient light and moving stimuli without direction selectivity. Directional units display significant maintained activity and usually decrease their firing rate in response to stimulus motion in a direction opposite to that which elicits the maximal increase in firing rate. Receptive-field sizes for directional units ranged from 10 to 60 degrees. All units displayed vigorous excitatory response to a wide variety of moving stimuli within the velocity range of 0.2-10 degree/s. HRP histochemistry shows that in addition to the retina, the basal optic complex is connected to three principal areas: the ipsilateral tegmental griseum centrale, the ipsilateral dorsal ventrolateral nucleus of the anterior thalamus, and the ipsilateral posterior thalamic nucleus. In addition, a pathway was observed consisting of two groups of cells that send axons to the ipsilateral rostroventral medulla. This pathway originates a) in cells whose somata lie within the dorsomedial aspect of the basal optic complex (BOC); and b) in cells whose somata lie immediately outside the BOC in the adjacent gray, with apical dendrites extending into the BOC. Some of these fibers continue to the level of the spinal cord. Injection of HRP into the rostroventral medulla led to retrograde labeling of cells of the BOC. PMID- 6610026 TI - Experimental anaerobic brain abscess. Computerized tomographic and neuropathological correlations. AB - The neuropathological progression of brain abscess formation induced by a mixed anaerobic culture of Bacteroides fragilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis was studied experimentally in dogs. Histological findings were correlated with computerized tomographic (CT) brain scans. The evolution of brain abscess formation could be divided into three stages based on histological criteria: early cerebritis (Days 1 to 3); late cerebritis (Days 4 to 9); and capsule formation (Day 10 and later). Capsule formation could not be divided into early and late stages because encapsulation was delayed compared with a previously reported model of alpha-Streptococcus brain abscess. Histologically, there was evidence for a very virulent infection. Leptomeningitis was significant even in the late stages. Early ventricular rupture occurred in 25% of the animals. A pattern of extensive purulent encephalitis was seen in 25% of the animals. In the early cerebritis stage, blood vessels near the necrotic center were engorged and were surrounded by hemorrhage and/or protein-rich fluid. Cerebral edema was extensive. Although fibroblasts appeared in late cerebritis, there was marked delay of capsule formation. Three-week-old lesions still had areas of incomplete capsule formation and foci of uncontrolled infection. In the cerebritis stages, CT scans showed an area of ring enhancement which was incomplete on early scans (at 5 minutes after injection of contrast material) but partially filled in and thickened on delayed scans (at 20 to 45 minutes). On even later delayed scans there was no decrease in intensity of ring enhancement. Lesions in which capsule formation occurred also showed ring enhancement, but delayed scans showed a decrease in the intensity of enhancement. The lesions that ruptured into the ventricular system showed atypical CT findings, with either lack of contrast enhancement (histologically there was minimal cerebritis adjacent to the abscess cavity) or a marked delay in contrast enhancement (cerebritis was more extensive and corresponded to the width of ring of enhancement). This study suggests that Bacteroides fragilis is a virulent organism in the brain. The developing abscesses enlarged quickly, were prone to early ventricular rupture, and showed incomplete and delayed encapsulation. PMID- 6610027 TI - Pain relief from peripheral conditioning stimulation in patients with chronic facial pain. AB - In a prospective study, 50 consecutive patients, referred to a pain treatment unit for surgery to alleviate various forms of facial pain, were all given transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TNS) therapy and followed for 2 years. Of the 44 patients remaining at the 2-year follow-up review, 20 (45%) reported satisfactory analgesia from conventional or acupuncture-like TNS. The latter technique markedly improved the overall results. No serious side effects were seen. Atypical facial pain of known etiology responded best to treatment, but satisfactory relief was often produced with tic douloureux. Duration of the pain condition as well as sex of the patient were predictors of treatment results. It is concluded that TNS therapy represents a valid alternative to surgery when pharmacological therapy fails, especially in the elderly and in patients with atypical facial pain. PMID- 6610028 TI - Central nervous system mass lesions in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). AB - The authors present the cases of nine patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and intracerebral mass lesions, who were evaluated at the University of California, San Francisco, between April, 1979, and July, 1983. Eight patients were confirmed homosexual males, and none was Haitian . Their average age was 38.8 years. Tissue diagnosis was made in all patients from brain biopsy or autopsy material. Three patients initially presented for evaluation of their neurological deficits, while the other six already carried the diagnosis of AIDS at admission. Seven patients presented with multiple intracranial lesions and two had polymicrobial infection. In this series, three patients had Toxoplasma gondii brain abscesses, two had primary lymphoma, two had metastatic Kaposi's sarcoma of the central nervous system (CNS), two had focal cytomegalovirus encephalitis and one each had cryptococcal and Candida albicans brain abscesses. The clinical presentation, radiological evaluation, and serodiagnostic study of these patients were not helpful in establishing the nature of the CNS lesions. Brain biopsy is considered by the authors to be critical for the evaluation and appropriate treatment of mass lesions in patients with AIDS. PMID- 6610029 TI - Re: Time-of-flight positron-emission tomography status relative to conventional PET. PMID- 6610030 TI - A comparison of two cerebral perfusion tracers, N-isopropyl I-123 p iodoamphetamine and I-123 HIPDM, in the human. AB - Both N-isopropyl I-123 p-iodoamphetamine (IMP) and I-123 HIPDM have been advocated as radiotracers for assessing regional cerebral perfusion. We compared the biodistribution of the two tracers in 19 patients without evidence of neurological disease. Following intravenous injection, both tracers accumulated initially in the lung. Early after injection the fraction of the total brain uptake was higher for I-123 HIPDM than for I-123 IMP. The peak brain activity for I-123 IMP was higher than for I-123 HIPDM . Brain activity was unchanged with both tracers between 30 and 60 min after injection. Tomographic images were similar in appearance for both tracers. No eye uptake greater than background was observed with either tracer in any patient at 2, 24, and 48 hr. I-123 IMP is superior for tomographic imaging because of its higher brain uptake, whereas I 123 HIPDM may be superior for studies performed during rapid changes in blood flow. PMID- 6610031 TI - Single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) for estimates of liver and spleen volume. AB - A simple procedure is described for estimates of liver and spleen volume using the imaging data obtained during single photon emission computerized tomography ( SPECT ). In vitro studies were carried out to obtain correlation and regression coefficients for volume estimations. Using these regression coefficients, we estimated liver and spleen volumes in 50 patients. Phantom and organ volumes were also calculated from transmission computed tomography (TCT), whose results served as the reference procedure against which SPECT -determined volumes were compared. The influence of radiotracer uptake on scintigraphic volume predictions was also assessed. For the in vitro measurements, SPECT volumes predicted the true volumes with a coefficient of correlation of 0.997. When in vivo SPECT volumes were correlated with those obtained by TCT, a coefficient in excess of 0.9 was achieved. SPECT volume determinations proved to be influenced by organ uptake of tracer; high liver uptake and low spleen-to-liver ratios gave the best results. It is concluded that SPECT imaging offers access to rapid and exact volume estimation. PMID- 6610032 TI - Brain oxygen utilization measured with O-15 radiotracers and positron emission tomography. AB - We have developed, implemented, and validated a method for the measurement of the local cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2) with positron emission tomography (PET). We use data from a single inhalation of O-15-labeled CO for cerebral blood volume (CBV), an intravenous injection of [O-15]H2O for cerebral blood flow (CBF), and a single inhalation of [O-15]O2 for the final calculation of CMRO2 and the extraction of oxygen (E). The mathematical model used to analyze the data consists of two compartments and accounts for production and egress of water metabolism in the tissue, recirculating water of metabolism, and the arterial, venous, and capillary contents of [O-15]O2 in the brain. We validated our technique in baboons by comparing the PET-measured E with E measured using an intracarotid injection of [O-15]O2. The correlation between these two techniques was excellent. Mathematical simulations were done to examine the effect of errors in CBV, CBF, and recirculating water of metabolism on the measurement of E and CMRO2. The technique was implemented on five normal human subjects in whom the global CMRO2 was 2.93 +/- 0.37 (s.d.) ml/min X 100 g. PMID- 6610034 TI - Noncircular orbits in SPECT. PMID- 6610033 TI - Pelvic extramedullary hematopoiesis. AB - Extramedullary hematopoiesis is an infrequent cause of thoracic masses. Extrathoracic locations are even less common. We have studied two patients, one with suspected pelvic neoplasm, with technetium-99m sulfur colloid marrow image and transmission computerized tomography. This noninvasive evaluation established the diagnosis of pelvic extramedullary hematopoiesis in both. We recommend a similar diagnostic approach in patients with chronic anemia or other predisposing disease, presenting with a pelvic or abdominal mass. PMID- 6610035 TI - The effect of collimators on the center of rotation in SPECT. PMID- 6610036 TI - Improved performance from modifications to the multidetector SPECT brain scanner. AB - A multidetector single photon emission computerized tomographic brain scanner was modified to improve the angular sampling. The detector plate was rotated such that 12, 24, or 36 angular projections could be acquired. Phantom experiments demonstrated that the angular aliasing artifacts seen in images obtained with 12 detectors were eliminated with 36 effective detectors. In addition, the reconstructed image noise in a uniform source was decreased by a factor of 1.7 by the use of 36 instead of 12 angular projections, as predicted by computer simulation. PMID- 6610038 TI - Re: Brain blood-flow measurement with bolus intravenous H2(15)O. PMID- 6610037 TI - Two algorithms for use with an orthogonal-view coded-aperture system. AB - ohe goal of single photon emission computerized tomography is to map out a three dimensional distribution of a radionuclide that is concentrated in a structure of interest. There are a number of imaging modalities that achieve this goal with varying degrees of success. In this study, computer simulation is used to explore a novel imaging modality, orthogonal-view coded-aperture imaging. Furthermore, a comparison is made between two reconstruction algorithms, one being an iterative back-projection algorithm and the other a Monte Carlo algorithm. Finally, evidence is presented suggesting that a deficiency in the projection data due to multiplexing is less disturbing than that due to limited angular range. PMID- 6610040 TI - Prevalence of chest symptoms in nonexposed blue-collar workers. AB - Epidemiological investigations of lung disease induced by occupational exposures often require prevalence estimates for various respiratory symptoms in subjects without the exposure in question. A standard respiratory questionnaire was administered to carefully selected, nonexposed blue-collar workers (n = 1,372), and linear logistic prediction equations were developed for nine symptoms. For each smoking status, equations were fit employing race, sex, age, height, weight, and education as independent variables. These results can be used as descriptive statistics, as prediction equations from an external control group, and as a guide for selecting risk factors for adjustment of symptom prevalences in other population studies. PMID- 6610039 TI - Studies on the etiology of tibial dyschondroplasia in chickens. AB - Experiments have been conducted to obtain information on the cause of tibial dyschondroplasia in chickens. All studies were conducted with corn-soybean meal practical-type diets and chicks from 1 day to 3 or 4 weeks of age. A high calcium and low phosphorus content of the diet and a wide calcium:phosphorus ratio in the diet decrease the incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia in broiler chickens. Increasing the chloride level of the diet increased the incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia. Increasing the magnesium content of the diet decreased tibial dyschondroplasia; however, the effect of magnesium was not as strong as that of calcium. The addition of sodium sulfate to the diet had no effect on the incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia. Five broiler strain crosses were all susceptible, although to a variable extent, to the development of tibial dyschondroplasia, whereas Single Comb White Leghorn chickens did not develop the disease. Male chicks developed tibial dyschondroplasia with a higher incidence than did female chicks. Supplementation of the chickens with 20 ng/day of either 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] or 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [24,25(OH)2D3] had no effect on the incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia. J. Nutr . 114: 1001-1013, 1984. PMID- 6610041 TI - Effect of water soluble extracts from ODU rat dental plaque on humoral immunity in rats. PMID- 6610042 TI - Epidermal growth factor in human milk. PMID- 6610043 TI - An occlusal and cephalometric study of children with ankylosis of primary molars. PMID- 6610044 TI - Effect of cianidanol (KB-53) on the activity of mouse cytotoxic-T-lymphocytes. AB - The effect of cianidanol (KB-53) on the mouse cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity of the splenic cells was investigated. The CTL activity of the splenic cells prepared from C3H/He, DBA/2 and CBA strain mice which had been sensitized with EL-4 cells were recognized markedly 11 d after the sensitization. The CTL activity showed an antigen specificity. KB-53, in a dose range of 125-1000 mg/kg, augmented the mouse CTL activity in a dose-dependent manner by oral administration once daily for 5 d beginning immediately after the sensitization. This CTL activity disappeared with treatment of the splenic cell with anti-thy-l serum and normal guinea pig serum, therefore, it was confirmed that the cytotoxic activity of the splenic cells which were prepared from the mice sensitized with EL-4 cells depended on the T-cell activity. PMID- 6610045 TI - Efficacy of 2.5% Pimafucin suspension in the treatment of denture stomatitis. AB - This double-blind clinical trial was carried out in 38 patients to compare the efficacy of 2.5% Pimafucin suspension with a placebo in the treatment of denture stomatitis. The diagnosis of Candida infection was confirmed by the making of cultures and microscopic examination. Data were analyzed from 32 patients, of whom 18 received Pimafucin suspension and 14 a placebo suspension. Pimafucin suspension-treated patients showed a significant reduction of Candida infection in terms of culture, culture growth, and number of colonies within the first week of therapy. There was no statistical evidence of relapse during the 4-week period after therapy was stopped. The group receiving a placebo failed to show any statistically significant improvement with respect to the mentioned parameters. Erythema of oral mucosa showed significant improvement in both groups. No side effects were found. PMID- 6610046 TI - Effect of dental amalgam and nickel alloys on T-lymphocytes: preliminary report. AB - Preliminary data suggest that dental amalgam and dental nickel alloys can adversely affect the quantity of T-lymphocytes. Human T-lymphocytes can recognize specific antigens, execute effector functions, and regulate the type and intensity of virtually all cellular and humoral immune responses. Normal immune function depends on a proper quantity, quality, and ratio of T-lymphocyte helper and suppressor subsets. Further research may determine the frequency and magnitude of T-lymphocyte reduction and alteration by dental materials. PMID- 6610047 TI - HLA antigens in palindromic rheumatism, nonerosive rheumatoid arthritis and classical rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The frequency of HLA antigens has been investigated in patients with definite rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who lacked characteristic erosive radiographic changes that we called nonerosive rheumatoid arthritis ( NERA ). The frequency of HLA-DR4 in patients with NERA was significantly lower than that in classical, erosive RA. A normal frequency of HLA antigens was also found in patients with palindromic rheumatism (PR). Those of the PR patients who however, developed RA during followup, carried HLA-DR4. The patients with PR, NERA and RA who had familial RA demonstrated increased frequency of HLA-DR4. PMID- 6610048 TI - An immunogenetic study of older age onset rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Thirty-two patients with older age onset rheumatoid arthritis (ORA), defined as disease onset after age 60, were selected for HLA typing. The majority (69%) were rheumatoid factor (RF) seronegative. An increase in HLA-DR4, though not statistically significant, was seen in ORA (38% vs 17% normals). This antigen was strongly associated with RF seropositivity (70%, p less than 0.01) and rheumatoid nodules (75%, p less than 0.01) in ORA. We conclude that the immunogenetics of ORA are similar to that described for adult RA in general. PMID- 6610049 TI - Erythroid colony forming cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The incidence of erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow was studied in 9 patients with systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) in the absence of corticosteroid or immunosuppressive therapy. The incidence of late erythropoietic precursors (CFU-E) was diminished in SLE. The colony formation of marrow CFU-E was inhibited by the addition of allogeneic and autologous T lymphocytes from SLE patients before the prescription of corticosteroid. These results suggest that the T cell mediated suppression of erythroid progenitor cells may play an important role in a pathogenesis of erythropoietic failure in SLE. PMID- 6610050 TI - The significance of discrepant Farr and Crithidia luciliae tests. AB - The most specific serological test for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the detection of anti-dsDNA antibodies by the Farr or Crithidia luciliae (CL) assay. Serological interpretation is difficult when these assays give discrepant results (i.e., one is positive and the other negative). In the present study 34 patients with discrepant results (18 CL positive Farr negative; 16 CL negative Farr positive) were reviewed to determine whether they fulfilled ARA criteria for SLE at presentation or at follow up 1-50 months (mean 15.8 months) later. Only 2 patients had SLE, both of whom fulfilled ARA criteria at presentation. Discrepant CL and Farr assays are associated with SLE uncommonly and rarely precede the development of clinical lupus. PMID- 6610051 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus in the elderly: clinical and serological characteristics. AB - Thirteen patients (all women) who developed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) after the age of 55 are reported. They constitute 18% of 71 consecutive SLE patients followed prospectively. Presenting features were predominantly cutaneous, neuropsychiatric and pulmonary. They had more interstitial lung disease and less arthritis than the younger patients. Eleven had positive antinuclear antibodies and only 4 had antibody to DNA. Strikingly, 12 had antibody to Ro(SSA) (accompanied by anti-La(SSB) in 8) compared to 36% in the younger group. SLE should be considered in older patients. Lung involvement is prominent. Antibodies to Ro and La are frequent and are a useful aid in diagnosis. PMID- 6610052 TI - Fixation of complement by anti-F(ab')2 antibodies or ssDNA when added to systemic lupus erythematosus sera. AB - A solid phase total hemolytic complement assay was used to quantitatively determine the % complement fixation by anti-F(ab')2 antibodies or ssDNA when added to serum from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Both autologous and homologous anti-F(ab')2 antibodies with demonstrated anti-anti ssDNA activity fixed complement when added to SLE sera and normal human complement. Furthermore, comparable amounts of anti-F(ab')2 antibodies with minimal anti-anti-ssDNA activity fixed zero or minimal amounts of complement when added to the same lupus sera. When measured by the same assay with the same sera, ssDNA fixed greater amounts of complement than did comparable amounts of any of the anti-F(ab')2 antibodies. PMID- 6610053 TI - HLA antigens in black and white patients with juvenile arthritis: associations with rheumatoid factor, hidden rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibodies, and immune complex levels. AB - HLA typing for -A, -B, -C, -DR, and -MT antigens and simultaneous studies for the presence of 19S IgM rheumatoid factor (RF), hidden 19S IgM RF, antinuclear antibodies (ANA), and immune complexes (IC) were performed on 24 black and 80 white patients with juvenile arthritis (JA) of different onset types. HLA-DRW6 (p less than 0.05) was associated with pauciarticular onset and early onset pauciarticular black patients. HLA-DR4 was found in both blacks and whites with chronic disease (p less than 0.01) and with the presence of RF (p less than 0.05) and hidden RF (p less than 0.05). In the whites, HLA-DR5 (p less than 0.05) and DRW8 (p less than 0.001) were associated with pauciarticular onset and early onset pauciarticular patients. HLA- DRW8 was also associated with white JA patients with iridocyclitis (p less than 0.001) and black (p less than 0.01) and white patients (p less than 0.001) with the presence of ANA. HLA-MT2 was demonstrated in all 24 black patients (p less than 0.001) and in 54/80 white patients (p less than 0.001). HLA-MT2 was associated with black (p less than 0.01) and white (p less than 0.001) patients with early onset pauciarticular disease and the presence of iridocyclitis in white patients (p less than 0.001). The association of HLA antigens in black JA patients has not been reported before. PMID- 6610054 TI - A review of solid-phase methods for detecting antibody to DNA. PMID- 6610055 TI - A chemotyping scheme for clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae. AB - A total of 464 Haemophilus influenzae strains, most of them fresh clinical isolates, have been classified by chemotyping --a combination of auxotyping and biotyping. Seven auxotests and four other biochemical tests allowed recognition of 56 types. These were to a degree site-specific. H. influenzae of capsular type b proved almost without exception to belong to one chemotype, and 24 of 33 strains assigned to this chemotype were capsulated. When surgical-ward isolates of H. influenzae were typed, the results suggested that some cross-infection had occurred. PMID- 6610057 TI - Direct depletion and purification of monoclonal antibody defined cells from unfractionated human mononuclear leukocytes using antibody coated polystyrene Petri dishes. AB - Human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes were depleted or enriched in various monoclonal antibody-defined subsets using a simplification of the indirect " panning " technique. Unfractionated mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) were sensitized with appropriate dilutions of monoclonal antibodies to human Lyt3 , OKT4 and OKT8 antigens, and to a monocyte-myeloid line antigen. The sensitized cells were then placed on polystyrene Petri dishes coated with goat antimouse IgG to obtain a population of cells depleted and a population of cells enriched in each cell type. Direct separation of surface immunoglobulin-bearing cells was similarly achieved by coating the Petri dish with goat antihuman immunoglobulins. Results showed that MNL could be depleted to greater than 95% purity with these methods and that positively selected adherent cells could be enriched to at least 85% purity. The relative proportions of MNL subpopulations in various sorted cell populations is reported. Cells obtained by panning are functionally intact. As compared to complement lysis both marker positive and marker negative cells can be obtained and the technique requires less technical expertise than using fluorescence activated cell sorting. The modification reported here is simpler and less time consuming for human T cell subpopulation separations than previously reported panning methods since an initial sheep erythrocyte rosetting step was not used. PMID- 6610056 TI - B cell numbers and responses in patients with common variable immunodeficiency and nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the bowel. AB - Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia ( NLH ) of the intestine is a lymphoid proliferation which occurs in patients with common variable immunodeficiency disorders ( CVID ). The nodules contain B cells but their pathogenesis is unknown. To determine whether the presence or absence of NLH might be associated with blood B cell abnormalities we studied CVID patients with and without NLH . CVID patients with NLH had a higher percentage of B cells in their blood than those without NLH . Blood lymphocytes from both groups of CVID patients proliferated less well in Cowan Staph. A stimulated cultures than control lymphocytes. Similar trends were observed in cultures stimulated with pokeweed mitogen and analyzed by karyotype. Our results suggest that blood B cells from patients with NLH are relatively unresponsive to B cell mitogens despite their near-normal numbers. PMID- 6610058 TI - Current concepts of antimicrobial therapy. I. PMID- 6610059 TI - Influenza viruses are T cell-independent B cell mitogens. AB - UV-inactivated influenza virus A strains of subtypes H1, H2, H3, and H6 were shown to be mitogenic for unprimed splenic lymphocytes from BALB/c mice. Representative viruses of these four subtypes all behaved as T cell-independent B cell mitogens. The magnitude of the proliferative response was determined by the subtype of the hemagglutinin molecule: H2 and H6 viruses were the most potent mitogens, and H3 viruses were moderately mitogenic, whereas H1 viruses induced only low, but significant, levels of proliferation. Mitogenesis was inhibited by antiviral sera and by monoclonal antibodies directed against hemagglutinin. PMID- 6610060 TI - Rescue of anti-influenza A virus cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses in chemotherapy suppressed mice. AB - The administration of cyclophosphamide (50 to 100 mg/kg) at 48 to 72 h before removal of murine lung or spleen mononuclear cells for culture rendered DBA/2 mice incapable of generating an effective cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response to influenza A virus-infected cells. The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursor frequency to influenza A virus in lung and spleen cells from cyclophosphamide-treated mice was significantly decreased when compared with that of normal littermate controls. The low cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity in the lungs and spleens of cyclophosphamide-treated mice could be partially restored in vitro by human interleukin 2. PMID- 6610061 TI - Only site-directed antibodies reactive with the highly conserved src-homologous region of the v-abl protein neutralize kinase activity. AB - Antisera specific for six regions of the v- abl protein were used to serologically characterize the Abelson murine leukemia virus tyrosine kinase. Chemically synthesized peptides corresponding to the predicted v- abl protein sequence and larger regions of the v- abl protein expressed as fusion proteins in bacteria were used as immunogens. The specificity of each antiserum was confirmed by immunoprecipitation analysis with defined deletion mutants of Abelson murine leukemia virus. Several of these v- abl -specific antisera display much higher titers and avidities than serum harvested from mice bearing Abelson murine leukemia virus-induced tumors, previously the only source of anti- abl -specific serum. Two antisera were found to block the in vitro autophosphorylation of the v abl protein as well as its ability to phosphorylate a peptide substrate. Examination of the sites against which the kinase-blocking antisera were prepared revealed that both are in close proximity to the in vivo sites of tyrosine phosphorylation, which fall within the region of high homology with v-src and other tyrosine kinases. Antisera directed against other regions of v- abl did not inhibit kinase activity. PMID- 6610063 TI - Preservation of distal splenorenal shunt in a patient requiring left nephrectomy. AB - We report a case in which a prior distal splenorenal shunt for bleeding esophageal varices was preserved during subsequent left nephrectomy for adenocarcinoma. At nephrectomy portal hypertension with numerous collateral varices to the splenic vein was not a major technical problem. Shunt integrity was documented by postoperative angiography. PMID- 6610062 TI - Virus specificity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes generated during acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection: role of the H-2 region in determining cross reactivity for different lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus strains. AB - We have compared the relatedness of five different strains of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) as assessed by LCMV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Several different mouse strains were injected with each of the five LCMV strains, and the cross-reactivity of virus-specific CTL generated during the acute infection was tested by killing on a panel of target cells infected with the various LCMV strains. We found that the cross-reactivity pattern of LCMV-specific CTL generated in mice of H-2d haplotype (BALB/c WEHI and DBA/2) was strikingly different from that in mice of H-2b haplotype (C57BL/6 and C3H.Sw/Sn), suggesting that the fine specificity of LCMV-specific CTL is a function of the H-2 region. The characteristic cross-reactivity patterns were also observed in (C57BL/6 X DBA/2)F1 mice, demonstrating that the repertoire of the H-2b- and H-2d-restricted LCMV-specific CTL is not changed as a result of complementation by gene products of the other major histocompatibility haplotype. Studies with congenic BALB.B10 and (BALB.B10 X BALB/c)F1 mice firmly established that the characteristic cross-reactivity patterns of LCMV-specific CTL map to the H-2 region and are not influenced by background genes outside the major histocompatibility locus. These results suggest that LCMV determinants seen in the context of H-2d-restricting elements are different from those seen in the context of H-2b-restricting elements. Moreover, our studies show that CTL can be used as probes for dissecting differences among various LCMV strains, but the degree of relatedness between the different LCMV strains is not absolute when measured by CTL recognition. Since the H-2 region regulates the fine specificity of CTL generated during LCMV infection in its natural host, the degree of cross protective immunity developed during a viral infection apparently depends on the major histocompatibility haplotype. The importance of these findings lies in understanding susceptibility or resistance of various host populations to viral infections and in designing vaccination programs to provide immunity. PMID- 6610064 TI - [Cardiac emission computed tomography (ETC) using a rotating gamma camera. (6). Evaluation of stress and redistribution ECT imaging]. PMID- 6610065 TI - [Usefulness and limitations of stress T1-201 myocardial single photon emission computed tomography in detecting multivessel disease in patients with previous myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6610066 TI - [Hematemesis and melena]. PMID- 6610067 TI - [Role of chemotactic factors in maintenance and formation of sarcoid granuloma- chemotactic factors released from cultured granulomas of patients with sarcoidosis]. PMID- 6610068 TI - [Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in adult patients--importance of early diagnosis]. PMID- 6610069 TI - [Urodynamics. IX. Therapy of urge incontinence by electric stimulation of anus sphincter]. PMID- 6610070 TI - Inheritance of immunogenicity and metastatic potential in murine cell hybrids from the T-lymphoma ESb08 and normal spleen lymphocytes. AB - T-lymphoma cells were fused with normal lymphoid cells to examine the segregation of tumorigenicity and metastatic capacity in the hybrids. In independent fusions the immunogenic ESb08 T-lymphoma line fused successfully with normal syngeneic spleen cells (from DBA/2 and CD1 mice) enriched either with T-cells or B-cells. Ten times fewer hybrids were obtained with B-cells compared to the number obtained with T-cells, and marker assays showed that both types of fusions preferentially generated T-T hybridomas. Some of the hybrids resembled their tumor parent in their ability to form primary and secondary tumors only in irradiated DBA/2 mice, whereas other hybrids lost the high ESb08 immunogenicity, were equally tumorigenic, and in some cases metastatic, in nonirradiated mice. DNA distributions of the original hybrid lines ranged from a hexaploid DNA content (expected for complete hybrids derived from a tetraploid line and normal diploid cells) to a tetraploid DNA content, confirming the reported chromosome instability of T-T hybrids. No correlation was noted between the initial DNA content and tumorigenicity, but in the case of complete hybrids, reduction in the ploidy levels always was observed in the cells of primary and metastatic lesions. One chromosomally stable and highly malignant hybrid (C2), which was analyzed for segregation of chromosomes and for drug-resistance markers, showed preferential loss of chromosomes from the normal T-cell fusion partner. The decreased immunogenicity of this hybrid could not be related to any detectable loss of chromosomes from the ESb08 tumor parent. PMID- 6610071 TI - Modulation of azaserine-induced pancreatic foci by phenolic antioxidants in rats. AB - Effects of the dietary phenolic antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole [(BHA) CAS: 25013-16-5; (1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methoxyphenol] and butylated hydroxytoluene [(BHT) CAS: 128-37-0; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol] on pancreatic tumorigenesis were examined. Male LEW inbred rats were given injections of 30 mg azaserine [CAS: 115-02-6; diazoacetate (ester) serine] per kg body weight once a week for 3 weeks and maintained on either a control diet or 0.45% BHA- or 0.45% BHT supplemented control diet throughout the initiation and post-initiation phases of the experiment. At 4 months post initiation, pancreatic tissue sections were quantitatively examined for the number and size of preneoplastic foci. BHT and BHA treatments reduced the number of acidophilic foci per pancreas by 32 and 48%, respectively, but were without effect on focal size. By contrast, basophilic foci were not subject to modulation by these antioxidants. A constellation of enzyme activities involved in carcinogen inactivation and known to be perturbed by antioxidant treatment was examined in liver and pancreas. The hepatic activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione-S transferases were markedly elevated while catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were unchanged. Glutathione peroxidase activity was diminished. In the pancreas, only glutathione peroxidase activity was affected, and it was reduced in both the BHA and BHT treatment groups. Although the pancreas is refractory to the enzyme inductive effects of these antioxidants, morphometric analysis of foci demonstrated chemoprevention by BHA and BHT of azaserine-induced foci. Whether this reduction reflected inhibition of an initiation, postinitiation , or a combination of effects was not known. PMID- 6610072 TI - [Computer tomography in cardiology. 1. Methods]. AB - The authors discuss the methodology of the computer-aided tomography of the heart which is to include dynamic scanning with, if indicated, synchronous ECG paralleled with the intravenous bolus administration of the contrast medium. The synchronization with ECG makes it possible to obtain a computer-aided tomographic image of the heart at any phase of the cardiac cycle. Computer-aided tomography was performed in 306 patients with various forms of heart disease. Five levels of scanning can be identified under normal conditions which present all structural elements of the heart. PMID- 6610073 TI - Acute, but not chronic, metabolic acidosis disturbs 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 metabolism. AB - Previous studies in vitamin D deficient animals showing that acidosis may impair the production of 1,25(OH)2D3 are in conflict with studies in humans which have not shown convincing disturbances of 25OHD3 metabolism during acidosis. We have investigated the effect on renal 25OHD3 1- and 24-hydroxylase of acid loading for periods of 24 hr to 21 days. Acid loading resulted in immediate and sustained decrements in arterial pH and bicarbonate and increments in blood-ionized calcium. Acute (24-hr) acid loading decreased 1- and increased 24-hydroxylase activity. After 6 days of acid loading, no effect on 1- hydroxylase activity was observed and that on 24-hydroxylase activity was reduced. By 21 days the effect of acidosis on 24-hydroxylase activity was no longer observed. The results show that acidosis disturbs 25OHD3 metabolism in the physiological vitamin D and calcium replete state as well as in the vitamin D deficient state, but only acutely. Our data are consistent with studies in humans and suggest that, while short-term disturbances of 25OHD3 metabolism occur early in acidosis, they are transient and may not be causally related to the development of metabolic bone disease during chronic acidosis. PMID- 6610074 TI - Interstitial and glomerular immune cell populations in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. AB - Tissue samples from patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome [seven with minimal change (MC) and seven with mesangial proliferation (MP)] were examined for evidence of interstitial and glomerular immune cell infiltration using monoclonal antibodies to identify T cells (OKT3, TA-1), T cell subsets (OKT4, OKT8), B cells (BA-1), and monocytes and null cells (OKM1) by indirect immunofluorescence. A nuclear counterstain permitted precise enumeration of reactive and unreactive cells in comparison with five normal tissue samples, eight endstage (ES) tissue samples, and five tissue samples from patients with miscellaneous ( misc ) types of nephrotic syndrome. Interstitial cell populations in MC and MP were similar to normals except for an increase in OKM1 reactive cells in MP. ES had more numerous interstitial cells reactive with each of the monoclonal antibodies than did normal, MC, or MP. Reactive glomerular cells were most numerous in MP, intermediate in MC but only rarely observed in normal tissue samples. Most identifiable glomerular cells reacted with OKT3 or OKM1. T-cell subset populations in MC and MP glomeruli were similar. These studies reveal the presence of infiltrating immune cells in the glomeruli but not the renal interstitium of patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Whether these cells mediate proteinuria or simply mark tissue injury remains to be discerned. PMID- 6610075 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of erosive gastroduodenal hemorrhages]. PMID- 6610076 TI - [Value of several serum enzymes and uropepsinogen in establishing the etiology of gastrointestinal hemorrhages]. PMID- 6610077 TI - [Ectopic chorionepithelioma as a cause of profuse intestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 6610078 TI - Methyltrienolone (R1881) is not aromatized by placental microsomes or rat hypothalamic homogenates. AB - The in vitro conversion of the synthetic steroidal androgen methyltrienolone (17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha- methylestra -4,9,11-trien-3-one) to an estrogen was investigated. First, with a placental microsome preparation a 10-fold molar excess of methyltrienolone did not affect the aromatization of testosterone. Therefore, methyltrienolone did not compete with testosterone in this very active aromatase system, nor did it inhibit the aromatization. Second, while the placental aromatase very efficiently converted testosterone to estrogens, it did not convert methyltrienolone [3H] to estrogenic (phenolic) products. Third, homogenates of rat hypothalamic tissue were also unable to aromatize methyltrienolone, although they converted small quantities of testosterone to estradiol and 19-hydroxyandrostenedione to estrone. This lack of aromatization of methyltrienolone is consistent with observations of additional behavioral and in vivo biochemical experiments. PMID- 6610079 TI - Induction of drug metabolising enzymes in the skin by topical steroids. AB - The effects of the topical application of glucocorticoid steroid creams used in clinical practice, on the activity of drug metabolising enzymes in the skin of adult hairless mice has been investigated. Treatment with hydrocortisone and fluandrenolone had no effect on the activity of ethoxycoumarin O'dealkylase (EOD) in the skin whereas all other fluorinated synthetic glucocorticoids tested, significantly induced cutaneous EOD activity. Fluincinolone acetonide, Fluincinonide , and Betamethasone Valertate increased enzyme activity 2-3-fold, and clobetasol propionate induced enzyme activity 6-fold. The ability of each steroid preparation to induce enzyme activity was related to its clinical potency, and induction of enzyme activity by clobetasol propionate was maximal at 0.05%, the concentration used in clinical practice. The effects of clobetasol propionate on cutaneous ethoxycoumarin and ethoxyresorufin dealkylase activities were different from those produced by 3 methycholanthrene , indicating that glucocorticoids may represent a class of inducing agents with different properties from the polycyclic hydrocarbons. PMID- 6610080 TI - The effect of viscosity on poststenotic distribution of cardioplegic solutions. PMID- 6610081 TI - Management of dysuria in women. PMID- 6610082 TI - [A change in the expression of histocompatibility antigens could lead to autoimmunity]. PMID- 6610083 TI - [Jejunal cavernous hemangioma as cause of digestive hemorrhage of unknown origin]. PMID- 6610084 TI - [The dockyard workers exposed to asbestos--a cross-sectional study]. PMID- 6610085 TI - Infantile methemoglobinemia induced by a topical anesthetic, Cetacaine. AB - A 2-month-old infant developed severe methemoglobinemia following topical pharyngeal application of a common benzocaine containing agent ( Cetacaine ). Although a number of reports of this complication have appeared in recent years, this is apparently the first case reported in the Otolaryngology literature. The pathophysiology, pharmacology, and treatment of this condition are reviewed. PMID- 6610086 TI - [Epidemiologic study of rheumatic complaints in an active population]. PMID- 6610087 TI - Cellular cytotoxicity against autologous hepatocytes in alcoholic liver disease. AB - We tested lymphocyte cytotoxicity against autologous hepatocytes in patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD). The following cytotoxicity values were found (mean +/- SEM): alcohol-induced steatosis with or without fibrosis 16.5 +/- 2% (n = 29), alcoholic cirrhosis 28 +/- 4% (n = 13), controls with normal liver histology or minimal changes 6 +/- 2% (n = 11). The differences were statistically significant (both forms of ALD versus controls p less than 0.005). T-cell as well as non-T-cell-enriched lymphocyte fractions showed increased cytotoxicity in ALD. We did not observe a correlation between cellular cytotoxicity and the degree of biochemical or histological alterations within the groups tested. Thus, our study demonstrating enhanced cellular cytotoxicity against autologous hepatocytes in ALD further supports the hypothesis that cellular immune reactions are involved in the pathogenesis of ALD, especially of alcoholic cirrhosis. PMID- 6610089 TI - [New commercially available equipment]. PMID- 6610088 TI - Profiles of antinuclear antibodies in chronic active hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis and alcoholic liver disease. AB - The profiles of specific antinuclear antibodies were determined in sera from 23 patients with the idiopathic type of chronic active hepatitis (CAH), 15 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and 25 patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD). The indirect immunofluorescence test for antinuclear antibodies using cultured human embryonic fibroblasts as substrate was positive in 78% in CAH, in 73% in PBC and in 24% in ALD. Seventeen percent of CAH sera and 33% of PBC sera stained small speckles in interphase nuclei. This staining pattern probably represents a new subset of ANA as the centromeres (kinetochores) were not stained. Antibodies to native DNA by the Crithidia luciliae test were found in only one serum from a patient with CAH. In addition, 17 percent of the CAH sera reacted with the saline extract of rabbit thymus by double immunodiffusion. Antibodies to the Sm- or RNP-antigens were not found. SS-B antibodies could be demonstrated in 39% of the CAH sera by a sensitive immunoenzymatic technique. Patients with CAH also had significantly higher levels of antibodies against denatured, single-stranded DNA (ss-DNA) and a synthetic RNA molecule, poly(A) as compared to other groups. Patients with an atypical cholestatic CAH had an antinuclear-antibody profile resembling that of the other CAH patients, but different from that of PBC patients. Patients with alcoholic cirrhosis had significantly higher levels of ss-DNA- and poly(A)-antibodies than other patients with ALD. It is concluded that the determination of an antinuclear-antibody profile using the ELISA seems to be clinically useful in the classification of chronic liver diseases. PMID- 6610090 TI - The role of macrophages in osteoclast neogenesis in vivo: quantitative analysis of osteoclasts and macrophages in endochondral bone development in rats treated with hydrocortisone or calcitonin. AB - Osteoclasts and macrophages in endochondral bone of rats were analyzed after long term treatment with hydrocortisone (HC) or elcatonin (ECT). The growth plate metaphysis junction ( GPMJ ) of the HC-treated bones showed increased numbers of osteoclasts, but the incidence of osteoclast profiles with ruffled borders was low and the cells had fewer nuclei. The number of macrophages in the GPMJ of HC treated bone did not significantly differ from that in the control. In the metaphyseal trabecular (MT) region macrophages were numerous, but osteoclasts were depleted. Compared to controls the ECT-treated osteoclasts in the GPMJ had an increased number of nuclei per cell, and the incidence of osteoclast profiles with ruffled borders was reduced. There was a small increase in the number of osteoclasts and a large increase in the number of macrophages. The osteoclasts in the MT regions of ECT-treated bones were significantly larger compared to controls. The macrophages did not differ in number from the controls. This investigation supports the proposal that the GPMJ is the principal site of osteoclasts neogenesis. Discrepancies in features of osteoclasts in the GPMJ and MT regions of each treatment group were probably due to a difference in peroid when the osteoclasts were exposed to the drugs. PMID- 6610091 TI - Mouse alloantibodies capable of blocking cytotoxic T cell function. IV. Comparative analysis of the blocking effects of anti-Lyt-2 and anti-H-2 antibodies on allogeneic and PHA-mediated killing. AB - Blocking of cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) by anti-Lyt-2 antibodies was compared with that by anti-H-2 antibodies which most likely inhibit CML by blocking antigen recognition by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Both antibodies were shown to inhibit the early Mg2+-dependent process of killing. Moreover, the anti-H-2 sensitive event was found to be reversible by the antibody as was the case with the anti-Lyt-2-sensitive event, suggesting that the two antibodies block the same event taking place during the Mg2+-dependent stage. Both types of antibody were also shown to be capable of inhibiting the phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-mediated non specific killing activity of CTLs. However, in the case of anti-Lyt-2 antibodies, available monoclonal antibodies failed to inhibit PHA-mediated killing whereas conventional antisera did. The results thus suggest multiplicity and heterogeneity of Lyt-2 determinants or the existence of multiple products of Lyt 2-linked genes. In addition, an anti-H-2 antiserum also exerted a specific inhibitory effect on PHA-mediated killing. Thus there appears to be a general requirement for involvement of the Lyt-2 molecules on CTLs and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) products on the target cells. The implications of these observations are discussed. PMID- 6610092 TI - Cultured human monocytes, granulocytes and a monoblastoid cell line (THP-1) synthesize and secrete immunosuppressive acidic protein (a type of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein). AB - Immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP, pI 3.0) is a type of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1-AG). The secretion of IAP into the culture fluids of different subpopulations of human peripheral blood leukocytes was examined by a newly devised passive hemagglutination (PHA)-inhibition test. Human peripheral monocytes, an established monoblastoid cell line (THP-1) and peripheral granulocytes produced IAP. However, neither T nor B lymphocytes, nor lymphoblastoid cell lines induced by TCGF or EB virus respectively, produced IAP. The IAP concentration reached a maximum (215 ng/ml) in the culture fluids of peripheral monocytes (1 X 10(6)/ml) when monocytes were stimulated by the addition of either immune complex, carrageenan or endotoxin. The synthesis de novo and shedding of IAP by THP-1 were demonstrated by the immunoprecipitation of radioactive IAP in the culture fluids of [3H]leucine-labeled cells. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the immunoprecipitates showed two peaks of radioactivity, one comigrated with authentic IAP at 50,000 daltons, and the other at 38,000 daltons, suggesting that two different forms of IAP (and/or alpha 1-AG) are produced from human monocytes. PMID- 6610093 TI - Laser nephelometry: development, clinical application, and future prospects. AB - Plasma protein alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) and the serum complement component C3 have been quantitated by a laser nephelometric technique. The correlation coefficient between the laser nephelometric and the RID methods was r = 0.87 for alpha 1-AT, and r = 0.80 for C3 in normal serum. The alpha 1-AT concentration determined by the laser method ranged from 161 to 393 mg/dl in normal plasma, whereas the serum C3 concentration in normal serum was found to be 76.5 +/- 21.9 mg/dl. In pathological plasma, higher-than-normal alpha 1-AT levels were found (mean = 300 +/- 105.2 mg/dl), and these elevated levels are consistent with an acute-phase response. These studies indicate that laser nephelometric methods can be conveniently employed and automated for rapid immuno-quantitation of plasma and serum proteins. PMID- 6610094 TI - Occupation and blood pressure. AB - Australian-born men in low-status occupations have, on average, higher blood pressures than those classified as professional or technical workers, according to the results of a national survey carried out by the National Heart Foundation and the Commonwealth Department of Health, Australia, in 1980. The expected correlations between age, alcohol consumption, body mass, and blood pressure were found. The association between occupation and blood pressure persisted after statistical adjustments for differences in age, obesity, and self-reported alcohol consumption. Though small, the differences in group averages are statistically significant, and suggest the potential for differences of cardiovascular morbidity for workers in different occupations. These findings are consistent with similar gradients in occupational mortality reported in Australia and elsewhere. It is likely that these effects are related to work, both through neuroendocrine stress mechanisms associated with certain job characteristics and through job-determined adverse health-related behaviour. The public health and preventive significance of such associations is stressed. PMID- 6610096 TI - [Survival and late results following surgical treatment of coronary artery disease]. AB - Two hundred and thirteen patients underwent surgical treatment for coronary artery disease from 1968, May to 1983, Feb. at our Department. Clinical diagnosis was stable angina in 55 patients, unstable angina in 47, angina with complication in 9, myocardial infarction in 54, and post-infarction complication in 48. Two hundred consecutive postoperative patients were evaluated. There were 11 late deaths occurred including 4 cardiac deaths in origin. Causes of late cardiac deaths were sudden death in 2 patients and cardiac decompensation in 2 patients. Reinfarction was seen in 1 out of 2 sudden deaths. This case underwent only left ventricular aneurysmectomy without A-C bypass grafting. Preoperatively, 49.2% of the patients were in NYHA 2, 34.8% in NYHA 3, and 15.9% in NYHA 4, but postoperatively 86.3% in NYHA 1 and 13.7% in NYHA 2. Reoperative surgical indications were native coronary progression in 1 patient, graft obstruction in 1, and ascending aortic aneurysm in 1. Surgical treatment of coronary arterial disease has still many problems to be solved, especially in patient with cardiogenic shock, multi-vessel disease, cerebral vascular disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm and patient of old age. But, we believe the surgical treatment will make much progress with development of myocardial preservation, assisted circulation, membrane oxygenator and simultaneous operative techniques including complete revascularization. PMID- 6610095 TI - [Nonspecific cell-mediated immunity in gastric cancer patients - with special reference to immuno-reactivity of the regional lymph node and preoperative immunotherapy]. AB - Cell-mediated systemic immunity and immuno-reactivity of the regional lymph node in patients with gastric cancer were investigated. The studies were undertaken on the parameters such as skin test (PHA, PPD, Candida and SK-SD), T-cell subpopulation and lymphocyte blast formation . And concerning the regional lymph node, percentage of T-cell and blast formation were examined. The following results were obtained. There were correlations between the nonspecific parameters (PHA skin test, count of active T-cell and PHA blast formation ) and the staging according to the Japanese Research Society for Gastric Cancer. There were also correlations between the stage and the percentage of T-cell, PHA blast formation with and without autoserum in the immunity of the proximal regional lymph node. Correlations between the PHA blast formation in the proximal lymph node and the nonspecific parameters such as PHA, Candida skin test, count of the active T-cell and PHA blast formation in the peripheral lymphocyte were observed. The immunity of the distant regional lymph node was impaired in the patients of stage IV and III with 4 metastatic lymph nodes or more. Preoperative administration of PSK prevented impairment of cell-mediated immunity after operation. Patients administrated lentinan before operation got rid of depression of immunity in the proximal regional lymph node. PMID- 6610097 TI - [Long term results following surgical treatment of coronary disease]. PMID- 6610098 TI - [Long-term result of aorto-coronary bypass surgery]. AB - Four hundred and nineteen cases of aorto-coronary bypass surgery which were operated at the Juntendo University Hospital for last 8 years were reviewed with respect to operative, hospital and late mortality, and survival. Isolated coronary bypass (371 pts) had 2.7 per cent of operative mortality, 1.9 per cent of hospital mortality, 1.3 per cent of late mortality and 94.1 per cent of survival rate postoperative follow-up ranged up to 8 years (average 3.51 years). Late mortality was 2.6 per cent in the group of left main trunk lesion, 1.3 per cent in the group of patients over 60 years old, 0.7 per cent in single bypass group, 1.2 per cent in double bypass and 6.7 per cent in triple bypass group. Patients complaining of unstable angina showed significantly higher operative, hospital and late mortality compared with patients with stable angina. Cardioplegia for an intraoperative myocardial protection provided better operative result, however, there is no significant difference in late mortality between potassium-induced and potassium-magnesium-induced cardioplegia. Intraoperative myocardial protection using lidocaine, aprotinin and coenzyme Q10 is important to improve surgical results in patients with either left main trunk lesion or age over 60. Successful treatment of 5 patients with evolving or acute myocardial infarction was experienced. These results suggest that aorto-coronary bypass surgery is accepted as a safe and important treatment for ischemic heart disease. PMID- 6610099 TI - [Long-term follow-up of surgical patients with ischemic heart disease]. AB - Long-term follow-up of a consecutive 333 patients who underwent coronary artery operations from 1974 through December of 1982 is reported. The surgical procedures in this series consisted of aortocoronary bypass grafting for angina pectoris in 269 patients (Group I), various operations for myocardial infarction and its mechanical complications in 44 patients (Group II), and combined operative procedures in 20 patients (Group III). The 5 year survival rate of Group I, Group II and Group III were 92.9% 72.7% and 80% respectively. Nine out of 14 late deaths in the whole group were not related cardiac deaths. Sixty eight patients with aorto coronary bypass grafting were asymptomatic and 27% were less symptomatic in the long term periods. The postoperative study indicates that aorto coronary bypass grafting increased coronary blood flow estimated by regional coronary venous flow associated with improvement of left ventricular function and myocardial metabolism resulting in so called "better quality of life". The successful aorto-coronary bypass grafting prevented the incidence of myocardial infarction at the time of subsequent combined vascular or malignant operation in the same individuals. Although the early death was somewhat high in the patients with acute myocardial infarction, the patients who survived the operation had the satisfactory long term results. PMID- 6610100 TI - [Long-term follow-up results after aorto-coronary bypass grafting]. AB - One hundred and eighty-two patients had been followed for 1 year or longer after aorto-coronary bypass grafting ( ACBG ). Four of them died in this follow-up period, one due to cardiac failure, 8 years postoperatively (p.o.), two due to malignant tumor and one due to an accident. About three quarters of patients improved p.o. into NYHA functional classification I, though no patients was in NYHA I preoperatively. More than 90% of patients with successful complete revascularization in left coronary artery and with a patent left anterior descending artery (LAD), improved into NYHA I. Four patients had reoperation due to the occluded graft to LAD in 4 months to 9 years p.o.. There was neither operative death nor late death 6 months to 4 years after reoperation. Patients with successful revascularization in left coronary artery had significant improvement in left ventricular function, but with unsuccessful one had less improvement. The patients with a history of myocardial infarction in successful revascularization in left coronary artery showed remarkable improvement of ejection fraction at rest and in elevation in LVEDP at exercise. These results show myocardial infarction causes irreversible functional and morphological damage and it could not be full recovered even after ACBG . PMID- 6610101 TI - [Late results of coronary heart surgery. Late graft patency in coronary bypass procedure]. AB - The graft patency was evaluated by a contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) and/or digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the follow up of aorto-coronary bypass surgery. One hundred and eighty-four patients included in this study received a total of 331 grafts. The Elipse S/200 Scanner for CT and Siemens Angiotron system for DSA were used for this study. Early in the study, selective coronary angiography were performed and the results were interpreted in 331 grafts and 86 grafts to evaluate the diagnostic reliability of CT and DSA for graft patency, respectively. While the CT scans correlated with angiographic assessment of graft patency showed 98% of sensitivity, 100% of specificity, and 98% of predicted accuracy, the DSA showed 95% of sensitivity, 100% of specificity and 95% of predicted accuracy, respectively. The patency rate in the early postoperative period was 94%, and the cumulative patency rate during follow up of 5 years was 93%, respectively. In summary, CT and DSA can provide useful information regarding graft patency in the long term follow up of aorto-coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 6610103 TI - [NK activity, TCGF production and generation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity in spleen cells from gastric cancer patients]. AB - The in vitro cell-mediated immune reactivities of mononuclear cells separated from spleen (SPL) of gastric cancer patients were studied and, these were compared to those of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBL) from the same patient. The level of NK activity of SPL was slightly higher than that of PBL (p less than 0.2, by paired t test), as measured by 51Cr release assay using K562 cells as target. TCGF preparations, generated in cultures of PHA stimulated SPL or PBL, were also compared by quantitative assay. SPL produced in significantly larger amounts than PBL (p less than 0.05). Then, the generation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity in mixed cell culture was investigated in both cell populations. When these cells were cultured with B-lymphoblastoid cell line Raji, SPL had much more capacity to generate cytotoxic cells, compared to PBL (p less than 0.1). Moreover, SPL had significantly increased ability of induce concomitant cytotoxicity during sensitizing to normal allogeneic PBL in mixed lymphocyte culture as compared to PBL (p less than 0.005). These results appeared to demonstrate that SPL from gastric cancer patients had much more increased in vitro cell-mediated reactivities, when compared to those of PBL from these patients. PMID- 6610102 TI - [A comparative study of long-term results of surgical and medical treatment for ischemic heart disease]. AB - Left ventricular performance, survival rate and subjective symptoms were analyzed in 243 cases of angina pectoris (147 cases of A-C bypass and 96 cases of medical treatment) and 58 cases of left ventricular aneurysm (21 cases of surgical treatment and 37 cases of medical treatment). Left ventricular performance of angina pectoris were improved in surgical group 6 months after A-C bypass with the significance of p less than 0.02-0.05. However, in the medical group, it showed unchanged or aggravated tendency during average 18 months. Similar results were obtained in the patients with left ventricular aneurysm and furthermore, aggravation of EF and Max dp/dt/p in some medically treated cases was observed. Operative death by A-C bypass was seen in 4 cases (2.7%) and 5 years cumulative survival rate was 92.6% including late death cases died during average 30.1 months in the medical group and its 5 years survival rate was 77.3%. For left ventricular aneurysm, no operative death was recognized and the 5 years cumulative survival rate was 95%. Whereas during average 32.7 months in the medical group, 8 cases died and 5 years cumulative survival rate was 78.6%. Improvement of subjective symptoms after treatment for both ischemic heart diseases was also conspicuous in the surgical group. PMID- 6610104 TI - Heterogeneity of rat TCGF defined by Mono P isoelectric focusing. AB - Interleukin-2 (IL-2) prepared from Con A-activated rat spleen cells was partially purified using hydroxylapatite chromatography (HTP) and chromatofocusing on Mono P. IL-2 eluted in a major peak between 0.1 and 0.25 M NaCl in PBS (purification factor 36-fold) and in a second peak in the high salt elution (purification factor 5-fold). When analysed on Mono P, the major peak was found to resolve into four components with apparent pI values in the range of 7.05-5.80; further activity eluted in the high salt fraction. Similar patterns were observed using high salt eluted activity with minor variations in the apparent pI values. Neuraminidase treatment caused a shift in IL-2 charge towards more basic pI values. This analysis of the multiple species of IL-2 suggests that part of the heterogeneity may be due to variation in the degree of sialylation of the peptide chain. PMID- 6610105 TI - Binding of complement subcomponent C1q to mouse IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b: a novel C1q binding assay. AB - A C1q binding assay is presented which is suitable for use in comparison of the binding ability of different antibodies, and which allows the quantitative determination of their binding constants. The assay system uses IgG bound to a hapten-derivatized Affigel support. No non-specific binding is observed to a DNP derivatized support, allowing the use of anti-DNP antibodies. With mouse anti-DNP hybridoma IgGs it was found that C1q binding followed the series IgG2a greater than IgG2b much greater than IgG1, in accordance with the complement fixing ability of these subclasses. Since it is relatively simple to couple any antigen to Affigel , this assay system should be generally applicable to any antibody antigen system. PMID- 6610107 TI - Nomenclature of lymphokines which regulate B-lymphocytes. PMID- 6610106 TI - The mouse Lyt-2/3 antigen complex--I. Mode of association of the subunits with the membrane. AB - Different radiolabeling procedures have been used in conjunction with specific immunoprecipitation to assess the mode of association of Lyt-2/3 antigens with the cell membrane. Thus, cells were labeled with two different hydrophobic probes reacting selectively with lipid-associated portions of membrane proteins. The segments of glycoproteins exposed on the outside of the plasma membrane were specifically labeled using either enzyme-catalysed surface iodination or specific labeling of the carbohydrate moiety. The results show that the three disulfide linked polypeptides of Lyt-2/3 molecules are all surface-expressed glycopeptides possessing hydrophobic regions residing within the lipid bilayer. In particular, the 28,000 mol. wt component, barely detectable by surface iodination, can be identified as a strongly labeled homogeneous and basic species by hydrophobic, biosynthetic and glycoprotein-specific labeling procedures. In addition, differences in the expression of these components were observed between thymocytes and differentiated T-lymphocytes. Probably due to glycosylation or other processing events, the 37,000 and 32,000 mol. wt components distinguishable on thymocytes co-migrate as a broad band of apparent mol. wt 41,000-42,000 when precipitated from a cloned cytolytic T-cell line. Finally, the 28,000 mol. wt component which is abundant in thymocytes is expressed in reduced amounts on cytolytic T-cells. PMID- 6610108 TI - [Histiocytosis X--a retrospective analysis of 40 cases with localized or disseminated disease]. AB - A retrospective analysis of 40 cases with histiocytosis X was undertaken to find out the course of primarily localized disease, and the prognosis of children with initially disseminated disease. Bone lesions recurred in nine of 23 children with localized histiocytosis X. In eleven cases other organ manifestations occurred as well; in four cases without bone relapse. After an observation period of 1-14 3/12 years, nine of 22 children in remission suffer from long-term sequelae like diabetes insipidus, convulsion, extrahypothalamic CNS-disease, orthopedic disability, growth retardation, dystrophia adiposogenitalis , and chronic headache. Four of 17 children with disseminated histiocytosis X died. Our results and others from the literature indicate various risk factors to be prognostically significant. 1) age less than 2 years 2) involvement of spleen and/or lung 3) elevated Lahey-score 4) dysfunction of the hematopoietic system, liver, and/or lung 5) histologic feature resembling malignant type 6) no response to therapy 7) severely affected general health. These factors can be evaluated initially. Considering our own experiences and some risk factors we suggest the definition of four risk groups: 1.) localized histiocytosis X of bone, lymph nodes or skin; 2.) disseminated histiocytosis X with benign histologic type and Lahey-score of one or two; 3.) Lahey-score of 3-8; 4.) disseminated histiocytosis X with dysfunction of certain organ systems and/or malignant histology. PMID- 6610109 TI - [Regulatory T-lymphocytes in the immune deficiency syndrome]. AB - A 25-year-old patient presented with hypogammaglobulinemia diagnosed at the age of 7, causing recurrent infections of the gastrointestinal and bronchial tracts. He was treated with gammaglobulins and infusions of fresh human plasma. At admission he had an exacerbation of his chronic enteric symptoms. X-ray investigation and coloscopy showed mucosal changes as in enteritis regionalis . A biopsy of rectal mucosa showed accumulations of amyloid. Routine examination of humoral and cellular immune parameters revealed a pattern characteristic for common variable immunodeficiencies. Analysis of T-cell subsets with monoclonal antibodies of the OKT series showed unusually high relative numbers of OKT8+ cells (suppressor-T-lymphocytes) and a comparatively low number of OKT4+ cells (helper-T-lymphocytes). Suppressor-T-cells exert inhibitory effects on B lymphocyte function (i.e. antibody production). The numerical excess of T lymphocytes with suppressive properties could be a pathogenetically important factor with immunotherapeutic implications in a number of non-classifiable immunodeficiency syndromes. PMID- 6610110 TI - Parathyroid hormone measurements in hemodialysis patients as assessments of renal osteodystrophy. PMID- 6610111 TI - Elastofibroma dorsi. PMID- 6610112 TI - Laboratory testing on admission to a teaching service: expectations and outcomes for serum electrolytes. PMID- 6610113 TI - A hospital's response to the increasing incidence of child abuse and neglect in an inner-city population. PMID- 6610115 TI - Effects of cryopreservation on lymphocytes of homosexual men with generalized lymphadenopathy. PMID- 6610114 TI - Effect of splenectomy on the growth of carcinogen-induced experimental bladder cancer in mice and rats. PMID- 6610116 TI - Iron absorption and utilization in maintenance hemodialysis patients: oral and intravenous routes. PMID- 6610117 TI - Stereologic analysis of muscle capillaries in selective atrophy of type 2 myofibers. PMID- 6610118 TI - Changes in free histamine in peripheral circulation following cockroach-antigen challenge in asthmatics. PMID- 6610119 TI - Reproducibility of the red-cell-adherence test: technical and practical considerations. PMID- 6610121 TI - Mount Sinai Medical Center of Greater Miami. History and introduction. PMID- 6610120 TI - Propranolol-induced myotonia. PMID- 6610122 TI - Iatrogenic disease: an overview. PMID- 6610123 TI - Effects of hydrocodone bitartrate on breathing pattern of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and restrictive lung disease. PMID- 6610124 TI - [Initial experiences with a natamycin-, neomycin-, and hydrocortisone-containing lotion in tinea barbae]. PMID- 6610125 TI - Prevention of Hemophilus influenzae type b bacteremic infections with the capsular polysaccharide vaccine. AB - A long-term follow-up of approximately 50,000 children who received the Hemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide vaccine in 1974 at three months to five years of age has shown good protective efficacy in those who received the vaccine at 18 months or older. No adverse effects were observed. Analysis of paired serum samples from 514 vaccinated children showed that effective immunization with this vaccine could be performed after but not before the age of 16 to 20 months. An analysis of 956 bacteremic H. influenzae infections occurring in Finland over a period of five years showed that 94 per cent of all cases were in children under 10 years of age. Of these, 40 per cent occurred in children under 18 months, and 60 per cent in children between the ages of 1 1/2 and 9 years. These 60 per cent are potentially preventable with the capsular polysaccharide vaccine. PMID- 6610126 TI - Can Hemophilus infections be prevented? PMID- 6610128 TI - More on the T-cell receptor. PMID- 6610127 TI - Disabling positional vertigo. AB - We have identified a group of patients with vestibular disorders whose symptoms are not consistent with the commonly recognized syndromes such as Meniere's disease, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, and vestibular neuronitis. These patients have a constant positional vertigo and are often nauseated to an extent that makes them disabled. Their symptoms do not respond to conventional medical treatment or habituating therapy. We have found specific clinical-pathological signs in these patients that indicate that the vestibular nerve is compressed intracranially by blood vessels. Treatment of nine such patients by microvascular decompression of the eighth nerve brought total relief of symptoms in eight patients and improvement in one. We suggest that this syndrome be named disabling positional vertigo. PMID- 6610129 TI - Psychoimmunology before its time. PMID- 6610130 TI - T-cell development in the thymus. PMID- 6610131 TI - Hemophilus influenza endocarditis: successful treatment with ampicillin and early valve replacement. PMID- 6610132 TI - Results of spinal cord stimulation in patients suffering from chronic pain after a two year observation period. AB - Attempts were made to treat 50 patients suffering from various types of chronic pain with SCS (PISCES). In 33 patients the test stimulation was successful so that an implantation of the system was carried out. After a minimum observation period of two years, only six patients still reported satisfactory alleviation of pain. A more careful selection of patients suffering from different types of pain would appear to be the pre-requisite for better results. PMID- 6610133 TI - Differentiation of the sexually dimorphic nucleus in the preoptic area of the rat brain is inhibited by postnatal treatment with an estrogen antagonist. AB - The volume of the sexually dimorphic nucleus in the preoptic area (SDN-POA) of the rat brain is several fold larger in adult male rats that in adult females. This sex difference in brain structure was previously shown to develop under the influence of androgenic and estrogenic hormones during the perinatal period. We here report that treatment of newborn male and female rats with the estrogen antagonist tamoxifen significantly inhibited growth and differentiation of the SDN-POA in both sexes and it resulted in permanent anovulatory sterility in females. The findings suggest (a) that testicular androgens exert their growth promoting activity on SDN-POA development only after being converted into estrogens, and (b) that also in the female rat structural and possibly functional brain differentiation is under estrogenic control. PMID- 6610134 TI - Drugs and the frog retina. Effect of dopaminergic agents on the pigment screening of light- and dark-adapted frogs. AB - This is a study, using the light and electron microscope, of the action of a dopamine agonist (apomorphine) and of a dopamine antagonist (haloperidol) on the retinal pigment screening (PS) of light- and dark-adapted frogs. Pigment screening is a phenomenon which consists of the migration of melanin granules into processes of the pigment epithelium that extend between photoreceptors, in response to changes in the conditions of illumination. In the light the pigment migrates vitreally , in the dark it aggregates sclerally . A single intravenous injection of apomorphine (0.15 mg/kg) and of haloperidol (1 mg/kg) did not induce substantial modifications in the pattern of pigment screening which was similar to that of controls both in light- and dark-adapted frogs. This suggests that dopamine is probably not directly involved in the phenomenon of pigment screening in the retina of the frog. PMID- 6610136 TI - Tomographic mapping of human cerebral metabolism: subcortical responses to auditory and visual stimulation. AB - We measured cerebral glucose metabolism with positron computed tomography during audio-visual stimulation in 42 studies of 21 subjects. Metabolic activations and stimulus-induced asymmetries were examined in subcortical structures (thalamus, caudate, lenticular nuclei). Bilateral activations of the thalamus occurred with verbal stimuli. The head of the left caudate was activated when subjects used visual imagery as a strategy to identify sequences of tones. These two types of stimuli produced dominant (left) hemisphere cortical activations in this same group of subjects. Clinical evidence has implicated the participation of subcortical (thalamus and basal ganglia) structures in the processing of language and auditory information. The present results demonstrate this functional role directly in normal subjects. PMID- 6610135 TI - The wake-sleep cycle in poikilothermic vertebrates according to data of continuous, noncontact recording of heart rate and motor activity. PMID- 6610137 TI - [Therapeutic news--III. Folic coenzymes (folinic acid)]. PMID- 6610138 TI - Postmortal decay of acetylcholine levels in the spinal cord of rat, chicken and frog. AB - The decay of acetylcholine (ACh) after death of an animal has been estimated in the cervical spinal cord of rat, chicken and frog. The level of ACh in the frog (19.90 nmol/g wet weight) shows no variation from 20 to 500 s after death. In the rat and chicken, there is a decrease in the first 100 s after death to lower values; 4.35 nmol/g wet weight in the rat and 4.60 nmol/g wet weight in the chicken. The levels of ACh in the cervical spinal cord of the rat an chicken at the time of death were estimated by extrapolation to time 0 of the curve of the decay of ACh in the first 100 s. The values obtained were: 121.64 nmol/g wet weight in the chicken and 34.19 nmol/g wet weight in the rat. PMID- 6610139 TI - Assessment and management of vaginitis and cervicitis. AB - This article presents the assessment, management, client education, and psychosocial considerations related to trichomoniasis, candidiasis, Gardnerella vaginitis, and cervicitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhea. The physiology of the vagina, approach to the history and physical exam, specimen collection, and laboratory diagnosis are included. Recommended treatment regimens and preventive behaviors are discussed in detail. The psychosocial impact to the client of having a discharge which may be a sexually transmitted disease is discussed. PMID- 6610140 TI - Coronary artery surgery. PMID- 6610141 TI - The concept of anti-inflammatory peptides. PMID- 6610142 TI - Alpha 1-antitrypsin, emphysema and smoking. PMID- 6610143 TI - Management of severe postpartum hemorrhage with a prostaglandin F2 alpha analogue. AB - Presented is a three-year study using a 15-methyl analogue of prostaglandin F2 alpha, in the management of severe postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony in patients who were unresponsive to conventional therapies. Fifty-four patients were entered into the study, but 51 were analyzed for efficacy. Successful control of postpartum hemorrhage occurred in 86%. Of the seven in whom therapy failed and who subsequently required surgical therapy, four had chorioamnionitis. Six subjects had intramyometrial injection of the agent, with dramatic results in five. Mild transient side effects occurred in less than 10% of subjects. PMID- 6610144 TI - [The muscle phase angle during changes in the amplitude of an applied finite alternating potential]. PMID- 6610145 TI - [Reduction of body temperature by antipyretic analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs. Influence of environmental temperature]. PMID- 6610146 TI - [The alternating current phase angle of the muscle at 2 passing potentials recorded by digital memory]. PMID- 6610147 TI - [Analysis of the direct current polarization of muscle using a digital memory mixed clock]. PMID- 6610148 TI - Mitogenic augmentation of T cells from immunodepressed cancer patients by a murine interleukin-1 (IL-1). AB - An interleukin-1 (IL-1) lymphocyte-activating factor, with an approximate molecular weight of 13,000-16,000 was isolated from the culture supernatants of a murine macrophage-like cell line, P388D1. Contrary to the general belief that murine mediator is incapable of stimulating human lymphocyte mitogenic responses, leukoagglutinin (LA)-induced mitogenesis of peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) were significantly affected by murine IL-1. On one hand, when PBL were obtained from either normal healthy individuals or from cancer patients who still possessed normal levels of general immunocompetence, their mitogenic responses were not augmented any further by the murine mediator. Instead, slight but significant suppression were noted in most cases. On the other hand, the LA induced responses of PBL from 5 immunodepressed cancer patients were markedly augmented by murine IL-1. PMID- 6610149 TI - Cyclic renewal of whole pineal photoreceptor outer segments. AB - In the light-sensitive epiphysis cerebri of adult frogs (Rana esculenta) adapted in summer to an artificial long day (L:D = 17:7; L = 90 lx at 2,300 degrees K; controlled temperature of 8 degrees C) outer segments of cone-like pineal photoreceptor cells exhibit a cyclic and complete renewal. Shortly after 'lights off' inner segments protruding into the pineal lumen bear exclusively bulbous cilia of the sensory type. Considering these results, concepts dealing with different types of sensory pinealocytes have to be re-evaluated. PMID- 6610150 TI - Photosensory properties of the pineal organ. Microiontophoretic application of excitatory amino acids onto pineal neurons. AB - Extracellular recordings were performed on electrophysiologically identified achromatic neurons of the photosensitive pineal organ of the frog. The effects of iontophoretically applied aspartate and glutamate as well as one aspartate antagonist (D-alpha-aminoadipate) were observed on spontaneous activity and light evoked responses of pineal neurons. Aspartate and glutamate showed a powerful excitatory effect on achromatic neurons. The effect was dose-related and reversible. D-alpha-Aminoadipate substantially diminished the excitatory aspartate effect. The changes observed in the ganglion cell responses after application of the drugs are discussed in light of the possible neuronal circuitry of the pineal organ. PMID- 6610151 TI - Cone mechanisms and their colour-opponent interaction in monkeys and cat. AB - Cone mechanisms and colour opponency were investigated in 108 recordings from tonic ganglion cells of the rhesus monkey retina and 265 recordings from ganglion cells of the cat retina. Colour-opponent cells input from short and longer wavelength sensitive cones can be found in both species in about equal proportions (6-8%). Although cells with opponency between middle and long wavelength sensitive cones are very common in monkey (49%), they are rare in the cat (4%); usually the opponency of the latter can only be detected with strong chromatic adapting lights suppressing the dominant mechanism, while in monkey colour opponency is usually revealed under neutral adapting conditions. These differences between both species in processing chromatic stimuli can help to explain certain types of colour vision deficiencies in man. PMID- 6610152 TI - Visual thresholds in the deutan type of red-green deficient colour vision. AB - Defective temporal integration for a foveally fixated 100' of arc red (660 nm) Btest flash presented on a 30 cd/m2 yellow ( Schott , OG 530) background was measured in subjects with deuteranopia , as well as in subjects with anomalous trichromacy of the deutan type. The mean integration time was 77 +/- 17 ms in 12 normal subjects but only 35 +/- 6, 46 +/- 11 Band 41 +/- 15 ms in respectively 6 subjects with deuteranopia , 7 with extreme deuteranomaly Band 9 with deuteranomaly . An increase in the test duration from 10 to 200 ms increased the mean relative sensitivity by 0.85 +/- 13 log units in the normal subjects compared with 0.45 +/- 0.05, 0.57 +/- 12 and 0.56 +/- 19 in subjects with deuteranopia , extreme deuteranomaly and deuteranomaly . PMID- 6610154 TI - Chemotherapy-associated oral hemorrhages in adults with acute leukemia. AB - The frequency, nature, and management of chemotherapy-associated oral hemorrhages were studied in 1,093 adult inpatients undergoing treatment for acute leukemia or the blastic phase of chronic leukemia. Of this number, 163 (14.9%) manifested gross bleeding from the mouth during the course of treatment. The most common oral bleeding sites were the lips, tongue, and gingiva. Thrombocytopenia was the underlying cause in 88% of the cases, disseminated intravascular coagulation in 6%, and combinations of thrombocytopenia and hypofibrinogenemia and of thrombocytopenia and vitamin K deficiency in 5.5% and 0.6%, respectively. The vast majority of the patients with mouth bleeding had platelet counts below 40,000/mm3. Approximately 50% had indirect evidence of a coagulation factor deficiency in the blood. The oral hemorrhages were best managed by transfusions of HLA-compatible fresh platelets and fresh frozen plasma, together with topically applied clot-promoting agents, until hemostatic control was restored. PMID- 6610153 TI - Studies on visual transduction in the retinal rods of the frog. AB - In recent theories of visual transduction, an active form of rhodopsin plays a decisive role. If metarhodopsin II is considered to be a likely candidate for this role, its properties and reactions are of interest. A scheme describes how the various metarhodopsins react with each other. In the electrophysiological experiments, the dark currents and the photocurrents generated by the plasma membrane of the outer segments are analyzed. While the dark currents are computed from voltage gradients and the interstitial resistance in the receptor layer, the photocurrents are directly from single cells under voltage-clamp conditions. PMID- 6610155 TI - A case of B cell lymphoma complicated by hypercalcemia and acute renal insufficiency. PMID- 6610156 TI - [Magnetic fields and alternating current in the treatment of experimental pseudarthrosis]. PMID- 6610157 TI - [Biomedical and biophysical effects of pulsating electromagnetic fields]. PMID- 6610158 TI - [Technical observations on magnetic field therapy]. PMID- 6610159 TI - A rod monochromat's pattern VECP at high and low background levels: spatial tuning of colour mechanisms and rods compared. AB - The visually evoked cortical potential spatial-tuning function, i.e. checksize vs amplitude of response, was determined for a rod monochromat at a low background level of 0.2 scot td or a high background level of 200 scot td. The results showed evidence of a peak at 36' for the low-background spatial-tuning curve, but almost no peak was evident when the high background level was employed. This latter finding was interpreted as consistent with a rod saturation effect. Additionally, the shape of the spatial-tuning function found with the low background level was compared with that obtained from the blue or red (R) and green (G) cone mechanisms of normals. It was concluded that the blue cone mechanism may not use, as has been hypothesized, the same neural transmission pathway as rods because its spatial-tuning curve differed from both the rod and R and G systems. PMID- 6610160 TI - [Psychosomatic aspects of non-epileptic seizures]. PMID- 6610161 TI - Effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and aspirin on late somatosensory evoked potentials in normal subjects. AB - The effects on late somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) of transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TENS) and aspirin (600 mg), compared with placebo, were studied in 32 young, healthy male and female volunteers. SEPs were produced by electrical stimulation of the median nerve at moderate, non-painful, intensities. There was a reduction in the peak-to-peak amplitude of the late components N1P2 (N1 latency: 100-160 msec; P2 latency: 160-260 msec) of the SEP in all groups over time. TENS but not aspirin produced further significant changes compared with placebo, including a fall in N1P2 amplitude, an increase in N1 latency, and a decrease in the total excursion of the SEP between 25 and 450 msec after stimulus onset. PMID- 6610162 TI - Comparative study of flurbiprofen and indomethacin administered orally and rectally in chronic rheumatic conditions. PMID- 6610163 TI - A medical model of autism: etiology, pathology and treatment. PMID- 6610164 TI - Plasma concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in premature infants. AB - The plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (OHD), 1,25-(OH)2D and 24,25 (OH)2D were determined in 28 healthy premature infants (median gestational age 33, range 28-36 wk; and median birth weight 1880, range 900-2350 g) during the first 5-10 wk of life, and in a reference group of 17 young adults. The infants received a vitamin D supplement of 500 IU/d and a diet low in calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) compared with that of corresponding intrauterine accretion rates. The median 25-OHD concentration increased from 11 (range 6-30) ng/ml at 1 d to 27 (range, 15-41) ng/ml by 5-10 wk of age (P less than 0.01). 1,25-(OH)2D concentrations at age 1 d were similar to the adult levels (median 37, range 8-64 versus 35, range 18-58 pg/ml), but increased significantly within 1 wk to 48 (26 156) pg/ml (P = 0.01), and between 1 and 3-4 wk of age to 104 (58-203) pg/ml (P less than 0.01). The levels at 5-10 wk were similar to the 3-4 wk value. 24,25 (OH)2D concentrations were persistently low compared with the adult levels (medians 0.4-0.5, range less than 0.3-2.1 versus 1.7, range 0.4-2.0 ng/ml, P less than 0.01). The relative concentrations, expressed as the ratio of 24,25-(OH)2D to 25-OHD, were comparable to those of the adults at birth, but decreased significantly within 2 wk. The data demonstrate that healthy premature infants can produce high plasma levels of 1,25-(OH)2D. PMID- 6610165 TI - Effect of exchange transfusions with citrated blood on plasma concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in neonates. AB - The plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D), and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25-(OH)2D) were determined pre- and postexchange , and in donors' blood in 10 blood exchange transfusions with citrated blood for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. The postexchange concentrations of 25-OHD and 24,25-(OH)2D were intermediate between the levels before exchange and in donors' blood. Before therapy, the 1,25-(OH)2D concentrations were higher in the infants' than in donors' blood, and the pre-exchange levels were re established during the procedure. The results suggest that postexchange concentrations of 25-OHD and 24,25-(OH)2D could be explained on the basis of redistribution of the metabolites between plasma and extravascular pools, whereas de novo synthesis was the most likely cause for the restoration of 1,25-(OH)2D levels. PMID- 6610166 TI - Pathogenic factors in bronchopulmonary dysplasia. AB - Serum factors related to oxygen exposure were studied in 56 full-term cord blood samples and in 69 newborn infants of varying gestational age (GA). Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), which reflects membrane lipid peroxidation, was elevated during the first 2 d of life and rose to a peak at 3-5 d of life. This peak value was unrelated to GA or to assisted ventilation. The serum antioxidant, vitamin E, showed a significant rise by 6-10 d, and came into the adult range after d 11. Vitamin E levels did not correlate with GA, assisted ventilation, or the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Serum ceruloplasmin, another antioxidant, was measured both by activity assay and by protein concentration assay. Little activity was found in cord blood. Ceruloplasmin activity increased during the first 48 h of life, and both activity and protein concentration correlated with GA at that time. Infants who subsequently developed BPD had a less active protein than infants on ventilators who did not develop BPD. In addition, activity and protein levels on 3-5 d were lower in infants on ventilators than in those not requiring assisted ventilation. Serum levels of alpha-1-AP activity and protein concentration were also correlated with GA during the first 48 h of life. The less mature infants had levels of activity and protein which were significantly less than the more mature infants and significantly less than the full-term cord values. The proportion of active protein correlated with GA at 3-5 d, indicating that the less mature infants had a lower proportion of active protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6610167 TI - Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in youth. AB - Retinal microvascular abnormalities were evaluated in 74 insulin-dependent diabetic youths by fluorescein angiography on two or more occasions spanning at least 4 years. Half of this group showed progression of the retinal vascular abnormalities from a stage of no significant abnormalities to at least background retinopathy with more than ten microaneurysms. Proliferative retinopathy requiring laser photocoagulation occurred in 14% (10/74). Insulin administration (once or twice a day) and glycemic control as reflected by hemoglobin A1C were identical in those with progression and in those with no progression of retinopathy. More females than males in this age group developed progressive retinopathy (P less than .036). Human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) types DR3 and DR4 in combination occurred more frequently (P less than .001) in those with progression of retinopathy than in those without progression. Teenaged , female, insulin-dependent diabetics with both HLA DR3, and DR4, were at increased risk for developing proliferative retinopathy. PMID- 6610168 TI - Whole cow's milk, age, and gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6610169 TI - Denervated frog skeletal muscle. Some electrical and mechanical properties. AB - The effects of denervation on several mechanical and electrical parameters of frog sartorius muscle have been investigated. In denervated muscles, there is no change in the resting potential and a relatively small change in the action potential. The first alteration in the action potential is a reduction of about 30% in the maximum rate of repolarization in muscles that have been denervated for 40 days or longer. Later, the overshoot and maximum rate of depolarization also decline. No tetrodotoxin resistant action potentials could be detected. Fibrillatory potentials were observed infrequently and in most cases in depolarized fibers. Twitch tension is significantly reduced by denervation while the tetanus tension is practically unaffected by denervation. The experiments suggest that the decline in twitch tension produced by denervation reflect a defect in some step of the excitation contraction coupling sequence. On the other hand, post-tetanic potentiation of the twitch is much larger in denervated than in control muscles. This potentiation in denervated muscles is paralleled by an increased action potential duration which returns to its pretetanic duration with a time course indistinguishable from that of the twitch potentiation. PMID- 6610171 TI - Superfast tension transients from intact muscle fibres. AB - We have measured tension transients from tetanically stimulated intact single fibres of the M. lumbricalus and the M. tibialis anterior of the frog. The measurements were carried out between 5.5 and 7 degrees C at a sarcomere length of 2.1 and 3.1 micron with a displacement servo system capable of performing displacements of 50 micron in 40 microseconds. We found a very fast recovery process in the tension transients thus obtained and quantified the speed of the observed recovery process in terms of elasticity and damping. If a ramp-shaped input signal of 150 microseconds duration is applied to the system, the velocity is constant over about 100 microseconds. This property of the system enables us to study the velocity-dependent part of the initial drop in tension in more detail. The first part of the tension transients thus obtained, show three phases: an initial rapid drop in tension, a slower steady decrease in tension and a rapid recovery (30 microseconds). PMID- 6610170 TI - Caffeine contractures in denervated frog muscle. AB - Caffeine contracture tension, effect of caffeine on the resting membrane potential, and caffeine influx in normal and denervated frog sartorius muscle have been investigated. Peak caffeine contracture tension is increased after denervation at all caffeine concentrations. The percentage increases in tension are highest for lower caffeine concentrations. The caffeine concentration required for half maximum tension is decreased from about 3.6 mM in control muscles to 2.6 mM in denervated muscles. Caffeine at 3.5 mM produces a depolarization of about 6 mV in control muscles and 16mV in denervated muscles. The large contracture tensions observed in denervated muscles are not due to the greater depolarization produced by the drug in denervated muscles since innervated muscles depolarized to the same level by external K+ do not enhance caffeine contracture tension. Both control and denervated muscles are highly permeable to caffeine. The increases in sarcoplasmic reticulum development ( Moscatello et al. 1965) and calcium content ( Picken and Kirby 1976) promoted by denervation may explain the larger tension elicited by caffeine in denervated muscles. PMID- 6610172 TI - Health promotion in acute care settings. AB - Promoting health in a hospital setting is a realistic goal for the acute-care nurse. Nursing strategies such as lifestyle assessment, health teaching, and effective communication can be used to make decisions about health practices. Nurses should be alert to lifestyle-induced diseases and risk factors that precede these diseases. Hospitals have an important role in providing individuals with health information. Nurses can play integral parts in helping the hospitalized patients achieve better health by incorporating health promotion strategies in everyday clinical practice. PMID- 6610173 TI - [Identification of T lymphocytes in resected lung tissue in primary bronchial cancer]. PMID- 6610174 TI - Buccal cellulitis. PMID- 6610175 TI - Why are death rates from coronary heart disease decreasing? Which preventive measures are effective? AB - Many factors have probably contributed to the observed decline in mortality from coronary disease in the United States since 1968. The issue of whether the incidence of such disease is declining remains to be clarified. The efficacy of primary prevention of coronary artery disease by multiple risk factor modification has been tested in large-scale clinical trials. Among middle-aged, normotensive, hypercholesterolemic smokers, smoking cessation and reduction of cholesterol levels by dietary change are followed by a decreased incidence of coronary events. Groups at high risk because of the combination of hypertension, cigarette smoking, and hypercholesterolemia show reduced coronary disease mortality after drug treatment of hypertension combined with cessation or reduction of cigarette smoking and dietary reduction of cholesterol levels. Primary prevention may be more effective if efforts begin early in life before behaviors and physiologic characteristics that may increase risk become established. PMID- 6610176 TI - Broiler chick growth response to antibiotics, 1981-1982. AB - A study of the growth-promoting effects of penicillin, oxytetracycline, lincomycin, bambermycin , and tylan was made over a 2-year period involving 2030 broiler chicks in 11 experiments. The laboratory used for this study has been subjected to the continuous use of low level dietary antibiotics for over 30 years. Results show that growth promotion by penicillin, oxytetracycline, and lincomycin were still significant (P less than .01). The effect of tylan was also significant (P less than .05). The antibiotics tended to promote better growth effects in chicks from young breeder hens. Significant growth improvement by antibiotics was observed in nutritionally adequate diets regardless of the presence or absence of soybean meal and excesses of certain vitamins and minerals. PMID- 6610177 TI - T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity against autologous malignant melanoma: analysis with interleukin 2-dependent T-cell cultures. AB - The cytotoxic reactivity of lymphocytes for autologous melanoma cells was studied in a group of 13 melanoma patients. No cytotoxicity was observed with lymphocytes freshly isolated from peripheral blood or with lymphocytes cocultured for 7 days with autologous melanoma cells. Growth of lymphocytes previously sensitized with autologous melanoma in vitro in interleukin 2 (IL-2)-containing medium, however, resulted in cytotoxic reactivity for autologous melanoma in 7/13 patients. The reactivity of IL-2-dependent lymphocytes for autologous melanoma was particularly striking in one patient (A.V.) who has had an unexpectedly favorable clinical course and, because of their consistently high reactivity, AV lymphocytes were selected for detailed specificity analysis. After 2-3 weeks in culture in IL-2 containing medium, AV lymphocytes were cytolytic for autologous melanoma cells but not autologous Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cells, autologous fibroblasts, or allogeneic tumor targets. Specificity of autologous melanoma reactivity was confirmed by competitive inhibition assays. The IL-2-dependent AV lymphocytes formed rosettes with sheep erythrocytes and expressed OKT 3 and Ia antigens. After longer periods of culture, AV lymphocytes were found to react with a wider range of target cells, and repeated attempts to isolate cultures with restricted reactivity to autologous melanoma by resensitization with autologous melanoma and limiting-dilution techniques were unsuccessful. The restricted reactivity of early cultures could be preserved, however, in frozen storage, but shifted again toward broader reactivity after several weeks in culture. The recognition of cytotoxic T cells with initial restricted reactivity for autologous melanoma suggests reinvestigation of the question of specific cellular immunity to human cancer. PMID- 6610178 TI - Inherited predisposition to iridocyclitis with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: selectivity among HLA-DR5 haplotypes. AB - HLA-DR5 is associated with a chronic iridocyclitis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis with onset in early childhood. Previously published data provided indirect evidence for selective linkage between two HLA-B alleles and HLA-DR5. To test this observation further, 38 families, the probands of which have chronic iridocyclitis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, were HLA typed so that haplotypes associated with disease could be established. HLA-DR5 was linked to HLA-Bw44 or to HLA-Bw35 and to HLA-Cw4 in the majority of haplotypes obtained in the probands. Both HLA-Bw44, -DR5 and HLA-Bw35, -Cw4, -DR5 occurred more commonly in the proband haplotypes than in the control haplotypes. The frequency of the haplotype HLA-Bw44, -DR5 was 0.133 compared with 0.007 (X2 = 27.04, P less than 10(-6] and for HLA-Bw35, -Cw4, -DR5, it was 0.093 compared with 0.11 (X2 = 13.83, P = 0.0002). The relative risks were 20.77 and 9.23, respectively, versus 3.52 for HLA-DR5 alone. HLA-Bw44 occurred much more commonly in proband HLA-DR5 haplotypes (0.455) compared with control HLA-DR5 haplotypes (0.067) (X2 = 8.26, P less than 0.01). Not all HLA-DR5-bearing haplotypes predisposed equally to chronic iridocyclitis and early-onset pauciarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6610180 TI - Kinetics of the reaction of DOPA decarboxylase with 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan. PMID- 6610179 TI - Binding of the differentiation-inducer, granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor, to responsive but not unresponsive leukemic cell lines. AB - Granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a tissue-derived 25,000 Mr glycoprotein that stimulates neutrophilic granulocyte colony formation from murine bone marrow progenitor cells in vitro. It is also a potent inducer of terminal differentiation and suppressor of stem cell renewal in the murine myelomonocytic leukemic cell line WEHI-3B. Purified G-CSF was radioiodinated to high specific radioactivity with retention of full biological activity. Iodinated G-CSF bound specifically to WEHI-3B cells, J774 macrophage tumor cells, and normal murine bone marrow cells but not to a variety of other tumor cell lines or murine thymocytes. WEHI-3B cells showed a high affinity for 125I-labeled G-CSF (Kd = 90 pM) but displayed only a small number of specific receptors (300-700 per cell) at 37 degrees C. Other purified colony-stimulating factors showed no competition for binding to these receptors. WEHI-3B (D-), a subline of WEHI-3B that cannot be induced to differentiate by G-CSF, showed no specific binding of this factor, indicating that it is deficient in receptor presentation. PMID- 6610182 TI - Method of determining optimal stimulation sites for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. AB - This article describes a technique that allows therapists to use a transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation unit and a finger to probe for the superficial points of nerves. The therapist holds one electrode of the stimulator channel in his hand and places the other electrode of the channel on the patient. The therapist then places his index finger as near as possible to the superficial point of the nerve innervating the patient's area of pain. The amplitude is then slowly increased until the patient reports a paresthesia radiating along the course of the nerve stimulated and into the area of pain. The rationale underlying this technique and its advantages and limitations are discussed. Because many of the points detected with this technique correspond to effective acupuncture points, the technique may also be a method of detecting those acupuncture points that are associated with nerves. PMID- 6610183 TI - Effects of irradiation on PHA-induced T-lymphocyte colonies: differential effects according to the timing of irradiation. AB - To investigate the effect of irradiation on lymphocyte mitosis we utilized a T lymphocyte colony assay; this sensitive technique avoided the methodological problems associated with previous techniques such as tritiated thymidine uptake. Irradiation doses in the range of 0.5 to 4 Gy had the effect of decreasing the lymphocytes' capacity to divide as shown by their reduced T-colony-forming ability. This radiosensitivity, however, was found to vary according to the timing of irradiation in relation to the stage of colony growth. Through survival curve analysis it was shown that the colony-forming cells could withstand higher irradiation doses without losing their replicative ability when they were irradiated prior to or during early stages of PHA stimulation. A similar "protection" by PHA stimulation has been well documented for nondividing T lymphocyte functions but, due to the lack of a suitable methodology, had hitherto not been described for dividing T-lymphocytes. These results provide evidence that the early events associated with PHA stimulation might lead to an improved ability of T-lymphocytes to withstand higher doses of irradiation before mitotic death is registered. PMID- 6610184 TI - [Molecular mechanisms of radiation death of lymphoid cells. Chromatin degradation and DNA replication in fractions of irradiated thymocytes]. AB - Chromatin of irradiated large and small thymocytes starts degrading 2 h following irradiation. However the yield of polydeoxynucleotides is more intensive in small thymocytes which are more radiosensitive. Immediately after irradiation small thymocytes exhibit activation of impulse incorporation of 3H-thymidine into a DNA fraction which does not exceed half the replicon by its molecular mass. PMID- 6610185 TI - [Biosynthesis and maturation of ribosomal RNA in thymocyte subpopulations of X irradiated rats]. AB - A study was made of RNA biosynthesis and maturation in the control and irradiated thymocyte fractions isolated in a ficoll-paque gradient. The post-irradiation impairment of rRNA processing was manifested by the enhancement of pre-rRNA biosynthesis and the increase in 18S rRNA "wastage" during the first hours following X-irradiation. The changes were most pronounced in the thymocyte fraction sedimenting in a gradient zone with the density of above 1.077. PMID- 6610186 TI - Vasopressin perfusion of esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients: cineangiographic study. AB - Portal cineangiography after umbilicoportal cannulation was used to evaluate esophageal vein perfusion and diameter in 13 cirrhotic patients with severe portal hypertension, prior to and during intravenous vasopressin infusion (0.35 IU per min). Between the 15th and the 20th minute of infusion no change had occurred in the diameters of left gastric veins, esophageal varices, portal veins, or splenic veins. Considerable reduction in the left gastric vein perfusion was indirectly documented by prolongation of washout time (greater than + 145%) and increase in vascular density. These modifications were disproportionate in relation to the simultaneous changes in portal pressure ( 16%). These results demonstrate that during vasopressin infusion: (a) there is no constriction of the varices at the level of the lower esophageal sphincter; (b) there is a marked decrease in the perfusion of left gastric vein and esophageal varices; and (c) there is a moderate portal pressure decrease which, by itself, may not be a reliable index of the splanchnic hemodynamic response to vasopressin in cirrhotic patients. PMID- 6610187 TI - Life stressors and problem drinking among older adults. AB - Research on the prevalence of excessive drinking among persons age 60 and older is reviewed, and the inadequacy of general criteria for operationally defining problem drinking in this population is pointed out. We critically examine the empirical evidence relating life stressors (e.g., death of a spouse) to the onset of problem drinking in older age and, to a lesser extent, to the continuation of drinking problems into the later stages of the life cycle. Potential mediators and moderators of the stress-problem drinking relationship (e.g., personal coping methods and social resources) have generally been ignored in this research. Life stress is probably best viewed as a component of one or more of several combinations of factors that may trigger or perpetuate drinking problems. A comprehensive conceptual framework to guide future research is presented. The use of such a framework should serve to integrate research on problem drinking among older persons with work in the general field of adaptation to life stress. PMID- 6610188 TI - Routine assays for steroid hormone receptors. PMID- 6610189 TI - [Pulmonary functions in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency]. PMID- 6610191 TI - [Facial reeducation]. PMID- 6610190 TI - [Artery-nerve conflicts in the cerebellopontine angle and their anatomic basis]. PMID- 6610192 TI - [Antibiotic sensitivity of Haemophilus influenzae isolated from patients with chronic bronchitis 1974-1980]. PMID- 6610193 TI - [Observations on nuclear magnetic resonance]. PMID- 6610194 TI - [Current nonsurgical technics of dissolving urinary calculi]. PMID- 6610195 TI - [Alcohol and the esophago-gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 6610196 TI - [Simultaneous surgical treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy and aorto coronary bypass graft--special reference to two successful cases]. PMID- 6610197 TI - [Surgical treatment of cancers of the lung and esophagus with heart diseases]. PMID- 6610198 TI - [Vein holder for coronary bypass surgery]. PMID- 6610199 TI - [Current status of coronary artery surgery]. PMID- 6610200 TI - The effect of continuous vasopressin infusion on splanchnic blood flow, liver function, and portal and central venous pressures in patients with cirrhosis. AB - Continuous vasopressin infusion has been shown to control bleeding from oesophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. The mortality, however, has not been changed. To investigate whether reduction of portal blood flow over a period of hours deteriorates the liver function, we measured the splanchnic blood flow and galactose and oxygen consumption in five cirrhotic patients during liver vein catheterization. Vasopressin was given as a continuous infusion of 0.2 units per min for three h. The splanchnic blood flow was reduced to 70% of control values and remained so throughout the infusion. After three h no impairment of the liver function was found. The wedged hepatic pressure (portal pressure) rose slightly, probably due to the increase of the central venous pressure reflecting impaired cardiac function. The reported beneficial effect of vasopressin on varix bleeding probably depends on the reduced portal flow per se. PMID- 6610201 TI - Leucocyte-associated plasma proteins in leucocytes during disease states, and in leukaemic cells. AB - The concentrations and molecular forms of prealbumin, orosomucoid, albumin, alpha 1-antitrypsin and haptoglobin in leucocytes were studied in patients with alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency, in acute phase and with leukaemia, by rocket and crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Alpha 1-antitrypsin was the only protein being synthesized by bone marrow cells, blast cells and leucocytes present in the blood during cytotoxic treatment. The other proteins are taken up by the cells. The concentration of alpha 1-antitrypsin in serum and cells was correlated in alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency and the acute phase, suggesting either that the same signal for synthesis is used in the liver and leucocytes, or that a balance is kept by means of leucocyte uptake. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia lymphocytes contained only traces of albumin, which may be related to the decreased membrane mobility of these cells. Polycythemia leucocytes, however, contained increased concentrations of all plasma proteins, especially orosomucoid and haptoglobin2 . These two protein forms were found to be markers of mature granulocytes. The cellular concentrations of prealbumin, albumin and transferrin were about 35% of normal in acute myeloid leukaemia cells and no orosomucoid2 and haptoglobin2 was present. Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin was present in a heterogeneous form and the molecular form of alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1 AT4 ) was the same as in monocytes. These findings suggest the existence of a distinct 'AML'-type protein pattern which could be of functional and diagnostic importance. PMID- 6610202 TI - Bleeding as a complication to endoscopic biopsies from the gastric remnant after ulcer surgery. AB - Bleeding is a potential but rare complication after endoscopic biopsies of the gastric mucosa in non-operated patients. The resected stomach, however, seems to run an increased risk of this complication. In a retrospective study comprising 1843 consecutive biopsy examinations of the gastric remnant, 15 bleeding episodes were recorded (0.8%). The frequency of bleeding was 1.1% for the Billroth-II resected stomach and 0.2% for the Billroth-I-resected stomach. In two patients the bleeding was excessive, requiring emergency surgery. Six other patients required blood transfusions. The observed frequency of bleeding was probably a minimal estimate, suggested by a 20% occult bleeding found in a small prospective study. When planning follow-up examination of patients who have had a gastrectomy, the risk of bleeding should be taken into account, and the patients should be appropriately informed and supervised. PMID- 6610203 TI - Clinical appearance at diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in a regional patient group. AB - A regional patient group comprising 783 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 185 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) diagnosed during the period 1960 to 1978 was analysed in accordance with clinical appearance at diagnosis. Of the UC patients, 16% showed total colonic involvement, 41% substantial colonic involvement, and 41% rectal affection only. The disease extent was positively correlated to the degree of activity but not to the age or sex of the patients. 70% of the patients were in moderately or very active stage of disease, 28% in slightly active stage, and 2% inactive at the time of diagnosis. 43% of the patients had experienced weight loss, 27% fever, and 53% abdominal pains in their initial attack of the disease. Immunological manifestations were present in 13%. Of the CD patients 31% had small-bowel localization only, 28% large bowel only, 36% ileocolonic affection, and 5% other combinations. Patients with ileal involvement were significantly younger than patients with colonic involvement. There was no sex difference in accordance with the localization of Crohn's disease. 71% of the patients were in moderately or very active stage of disease and 29% in low activity at diagnosis. The intestinal symptoms were independent of the sex and age of the patients, whereas abdominal pains were present significantly more frequently in younger age groups. In all, 76% of the patients experienced abdominal pains, 34% fever, and 54% weight loss. Immunological symptoms from joints, skin, or eyes were present in 12% of the patients. PMID- 6610204 TI - Effects of hydroxyurea on concanavalin-A-induced T-cell proliferation. Depletion of T-cell growth factor-reactive and -producing T lymphocytes. AB - The effects of eliminating cycling precursors by in vivo administration of high doses of hydroxyurea (HU) in populations of mouse spleen T lymphocytes were studied by membrane immunofluorescence identifying mature Thy 1+, Lyt 2- and Lyt 2+ cell populations and mitogen-induced T-cell growth factor (TCGF) production or reactivity to TCGF. HU treatment results in a sharp decrease in the total number of T cells in mouse spleen, indicating that about 50% of peripheral splenic T lymphocytes have a short survival time in vivo. This depletion is more marked for Lyt 2+ cells than for Lyt 2- cells. The decay of TCGF-reactive spleen cells after drug administration is similar to that of the overall spleen T-cell population. Conversely, production of TCGF induced by concanavalin A is predominantly affected by HU treatment, indicating a shorter life span of the cell(s) involved in TCGF production. PMID- 6610205 TI - Suppression of lymphoproliferation and auto-immunity by elimination of a radiosensitive bone marrow cell in mice bearing the lpr gene. AB - The autosomal recessive lpr gene (lymphoproliferative) has been bred into several normal strains of mice. Although the time of disease onset may vary, all of these lpr mice develop hypergammaglobulinaemia, antibodies to nucleoproteins, and massive lymphoproliferation. The abnormalities do not appear in their normal congenic counterparts, which lack the lpr gene. We studied the effects of sublethal whole-body X-irradiation (300 rads) on disease features and lymphocyte subpopulations by using flow cytometry. H-2k strains, C3H and MRL/++ and their autoimmune lpr counterparts, were killed at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 weeks after irradiation, which was given at 6-8 weeks of age. In the lpr mice, lymphoproliferation, autoimmunity, mortality and number of Ia+ cells were greatly reduced in the irradiated mice compared with nonirradiated controls. Abnormal cytofluorometric patterns seen with lpr thymocytes were corrected by the low-dose irradiation treatment. In addition, lethally irradiated lpr mice reconstituted with syngeneic bone marrow from low-dose irradiated mice exhibited retarded development of autoimmune disease. We conclude that the lymphoid alterations induced by X-irradiation reflect a recovery of immunologic control associated with suppression of autoimmune manifestations. PMID- 6610206 TI - Functional heterogeneity of human cord blood monocytes. AB - Human cord blood monocytes were separated into four different subpopulations by means of a discontinuous bovine serum albumin (BSA) gradient. Of the least dense, 31% were present in fraction A, 17% in fraction B and 13% in fraction C and of the most dense, 20% were in fraction D. The rest (17%) sedimented as a pellet, of which 93% were dead cells. The monocytes of fraction C (density greater than or equal to 1.070) demonstrated suppressor activity on in vitro antibody synthesis of maternal B cells. Fraction D (density greater than or equal to 1.075) monocytes enhanced antibody synthesis of maternal B cells compared with synthesis produced in a similar experiment with unfractionated monocytes. Addition of either fraction A or B monocytes to the mixed culture of T and B cells resulted in antibody production comparable to that produced by addition of unfractionated monocytes. The functional heterogeneity of the cord monocytes was assayed also by 2-deoxyglucose (2-DOG) uptake, a marker for immunological macrophage activation. Fractions A and D showed significantly higher 2-DOG transport than that of unfractionated monocytes; in contrast, fraction C showed a 50% reduction of 2-DOG uptake. Furthermore, in contrast to fraction D, fraction C possessed only minimal phagocytic activity (for antibody-coated sheep erythrocytes) and minimal hemoxygenase enzyme activity. These data demonstrate functional heterogeneity of cord blood monocytes. PMID- 6610207 TI - Depletion of murine anti-azobenzenearsonate plaque-forming cells by derivatized polyacrylamide beads. AB - The depletion of secondary p-azobenzenearsonate plaque-forming cells (ABA-PFC) by affinity columns substituted with ABA was dependent on the primary dose, times elapsed after priming, and the nature of the side-arm on the columns. Thus, higher priming doses of ABA coupled to keyhole limpet haemocyanin (50-500 micrograms of ABA-KLH in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA] favoured depletion of ABA-PFC by ABA coupled to a 6- aminocaproyltyrosine side-arm (SAC-TYR-ABA beads), whereas ABA-PFC from mice primed with 1 microgram of ABA-KLH in CFA were never depleted; this latter population were only depleted by ABA coupled to a histamine side-arm (HIST-ABA beads) 7 months after priming. These data are consistent with the notion that two specificities, HIST-ABA and TYR-ABA, appear to emerge independently, lower priming doses inducing the preferential appearance of the HIST-ABA specificity. PMID- 6610208 TI - T-cell growth factor production and protein synthesis. AB - It is known that protein synthesis inhibitors (PSI) do not block production of some immunoregulatory and inflammatory mediators. Here we show that the production of T-cell growth factor (TCGF) by phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was resistant to inhibition of protein synthesis more than 90-95%. Moreover, TCGF production was significantly accentuated in the presence of low concentrations of PSI in cultures from low- and high-producer donors. The presence of macrophages was non-essential for enhancement of TCGF production by PSI. When high doses of PSI were used, TCGF production was inhibited. In contrast, the synthesis of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF) was blocked in the presence of low concentration of PSI. Hence, the results indicate that human TCGF produced by PBL belongs to a group of soluble factors whose production is relatively resistant to the action of PSI. PMID- 6610209 TI - T-cell proliferation and expression of MHC class II antigens. AB - Two monoclonal antibodies to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens, which in combination identify beta chains encoded by the SB and DR loci, were used to investigate which of these gene products were expressed at the cell surface of unstimulated T cells and at various stages of mitogen-induced T cell maturation. In tests on blood lymphocytes from healthy donors 12% of T cells expressed class II antigens, but only SB antigens were expressed. During activation of T lymphocytes, SB-coded antigens were expressed before DR antigens, and the kinetics of SB expression correlated with the proliferative response of T cells. These results and consideration of recent reports from other laboratories lead us to suggest that SB-coded class II antigens play a role in T-cell proliferation. PMID- 6610210 TI - Lifetime psychotic symptoms assessed with the DIS. PMID- 6610211 TI - Molecular cloning of the chromosomal breakpoint of B-cell lymphomas and leukemias with the t(11;14) chromosome translocation. AB - The chromosomal breakpoint of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells of the B cell type carrying the translocated long arms of chromosomes 11 and 14 [t(11;14) (q13;q32)] was cloned. The breakpoint was found to be within the joining segment of the human heavy chain locus on the translocated long arm of chromosome 14. A probe that is specific for chromosome 11 and that maps immediately 5' to the breakpoint on the 14q+ chromosome was isolated. The probe detected a rearrangement of the homologous genomic DNA segment in the parental CLL cells and also in DNA from a diffuse large cell lymphoma with the t(11;14) translocation. This rearranged DNA segment was not present in Burkitt lymphoma cells with the t(8;14) translocation or in nonneoplastic human lymphoblastoid cells. The probe can thus be used to identify and characterize a gene located on band q13 of chromosome 11 that appears to be involved in the malignant transformation of human B cells carrying the t(11;14) translocation. This gene, named bcl -1, appears to be unrelated to any of the known retrovirus oncogenes described to date. PMID- 6610212 TI - Proliferation of astroglia and oligodendroglia in response to human T cell derived factors. AB - Human T lymphocytes transformed by human T cell leukemia-lymphoma viruses or activated by lectins were found to produce stimulating factors that promoted both proliferation and maturation of oligodendroglial and astroglial cells in vitro. PMID- 6610213 TI - Dopaminergic neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine in mice. AB - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6- tetrahydropyri dine ( MPTP ) is known to cause an irreversible destruction of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway and symptoms of parkinsonism in humans and in monkeys. However, MPTP has been reported to act only minimally or not at all in several other animal species. When MPTP (30 milligrams per kilogram of body weight) was administered parenterally to mice, a decrease in concentrations of neostriatal dopamine and its metabolites, a decrease in the capacity of neostriatal synaptosomal preparations to accumulate [3H]dopamine, and a disappearance of nerve cells in the zona compacta of the substantia nigra were observed. In contrast, MPTP administration had no effect on neostriatal concentrations of serotonin and its metabolites. MPTP administration thus results in biochemical and histological changes in mice similar to those reported in humans and monkeys and similar to those seen in Parkinson's disease in humans. The mouse should prove to be a useful small animal with which to study the mode of action of MPTP . PMID- 6610214 TI - The latency of pathways containing the site of motor learning in the monkey vestibulo-ocular reflex. AB - The vestibulo-ocular reflex helps to stabilize retinal images by generating smooth eye movements that are equal to and opposite each rotatory head movement. It is well known that the reflex undergoes adaptive plasticity or "motor learning" whenever there is persistent image motion during head turns: the resulting changes in the reflex occur gradually and help to restore image stability. A new approach makes it possible to identify the pathways containing the site of motor learning according to their total latency in response to natural vestibular stimuli. The fastest pathways required 14 milliseconds to initiate a vestibulo-ocular reflex, but the site of motor learning was in pathways having latencies of at least 19 milliseconds. PMID- 6610215 TI - Spatial orientation in weightlessness and readaptation to earth's gravity. AB - Unusual vestibular responses to head movements in weightlessness may produce spatial orientation illusions and symptoms of space motion sickness. An integrated set of experiments was performed during Spacelab 1, as well as before and after the flight, to evaluate responses mediated by the otolith organs and semicircular canals. A variety of measurements were used, including eye movements, postural control, perception of orientation, and susceptibility to space sickness. PMID- 6610216 TI - Effects of rectilinear acceleration and optokinetic and caloric stimulations in space. AB - During the flight of Spacelab 1 the crew performed a number of experiments to explore changes in vestibular function and visual-vestibular interactions on exposure to microgravity. Measurements were made on the threshold for detection of linear oscillation, vestibulo-ocular reflexes elicited by angular and linear movements, oculomotor and posture responses to optokinetic stimulations, and responses to caloric stimulation. Tests were also conducted on the ground, during the 4 months before and on days 1 to 6 after flight. The most significant result was that caloric mystagmus of the same direction as on the earth could also be evoked in the weightless environment. PMID- 6610217 TI - Autoantibodies in juvenile arthritis. AB - Sera from 104 children with JA with different onset-types of disease were evaluated for 19S IgM RF by the LFT , hidden 19S IgM RF by the hemolytic assay, ANA by HEp-2 cell substrate, and levels of IC by the C1qSPA . Their relationship to active disease was determined. Classical 19S IgM RF were detected by the LFT in only seven patients. All were late-onset polyarticular females. Hidden 19S IgM RF were detected by the hemolytic assay in the separated IgM-containing fraction in 55 patients of all onset-types. Clinical activity correlated with the presence of hidden 19S IgM RF in 82% of cases. ANA, using the HEp-2 cell substrate, were found in 61 patients, the majority showing a speckled, immunofluorescent pattern. ANA were noted in all RF positive patients and in nine of 10 patients with iridocyclitis. IC were found in 39 patients, and correlation with clinical activity occurred in 54% of cases. A search for positive associations among the four parameters showed no statistically significant correlations except for the concordance of ANA positivity in all seven RF positive patients. The presence of hidden RF correlated more closely with disease activity (P less than 0.001) than did that of ANA or IC. The significance of these data and previous studies remains to be determined. We have demonstrated that in the average JA population 7% have 19S IgM RF and about 60% have hidden RF, ANA, or elevated levels of IC. The present findings of 98 of 104 patients with at least one of the abnormal immunoproteins , the association of ANA in patients with iridocyclitis or with RF positivity, of hidden RF with disease activity, and the presence of 19S IgM RF in isolated IC suggest a possible immunologic etiology for JA. PMID- 6610218 TI - Abdominal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis. AB - From 1980 to 1983, 20 patients had abdominal colectomy with primary ileorectal anastomosis. Fourteen operations were elective and six were emergency. Elective indications included familial polyposis (five), inflammatory bowel disease (four), colon cancer associated with multiple polyps (four), and colon cancer associated with diverticulosis and a history of massive hemorrhage (one). Emergency operations were performed for obstructing sigmoid or rectosigmoid cancer (three), massive lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage (two), and right colon cancer associated with obstructing diverticulitis (one). All patients survived the operation; in three patients complications developed in the immediate postoperative period for a morbidity of 15%. Our experience suggests that abdominal colectomy with primary ileorectal anastomosis can be safely performed in carefully selected cases. PMID- 6610219 TI - Adult gonococcal ophthalmia. AB - It is important to consider Neisseria gonorrhoeae as a possible pathogen in any case of purulent conjunctivitis. Gram stains and cultures should be obtained and appropriate therapy initiated immediately to reduce the potential for severe and irreversible complications. PMID- 6610220 TI - [The cardiac patient faced with the demands of his disease]. PMID- 6610222 TI - Facial pain mimicking transient ischemic attack: a case report. PMID- 6610221 TI - Intensive health screening of young black diabetics. AB - Black-insulin-dependent diabetics under the age of 30 years attending a busy South African diabetic clinic were intensively screened for a 4-month period. In the 66 patients studied, the following previously undiagnosed conditions were discovered: cataract (1), peripheral neuropathy (16), retinopathy (8), tuberculosis (4) and anaemia (3). In addition, 29 (43,9%) were on insulin regimens that were not ideal. Attempts were made to improve glycaemic control, especially in those patients with complications, and defective insulin regimens were corrected. The screening programme was carried out with normal manpower and investigative facilities, and the extra time involved was not excessive. This programme could be used (in either an expanded or a limited form) in any diabetic clinic, and would probably considerably improve the health of young insulin dependent diabetic patients. PMID- 6610223 TI - A ten year follow-up study of the Mobin-Uddin filter for vena cava interruption. AB - Forty-seven Mobin-Uddin interruption filters were successfully placed and observed for an average of four years. One patient had a recurrent nonfatal pulmonary embolus. One patient died as a direct result of filter placement, secondary to retroperitoneal hemorrhage. Postoperative venous sequellae were evident in 17 of 33 patients observed for long term follow-up study, eight of whom required symptomatic therapy. Ultimate venous sequellae correlate primarily with preoperative venous conditions. PMID- 6610224 TI - Step-by-step analysis of adhesion of human platelets to a collagen-coated surface defect in initial attachment and spreading of platelets in von Willebrand's disease. AB - Adhesion of platelets from the platelet-rich plasma (PRP) of patients with von Willebrand's disease (vWD) and healthy donors has been studied in a simple model system - wells of multiwell tissue culture plates coated with fibrillar calf skin collagen (CSC). This model is characterized by: (i) the presence of only one constituent of the vessel wall connective tissue matrix (collagen), (ii) the absence of surface-bound aggregates and thrombi, (iii) absence of overlapping of neighbouring spread platelets. A morphometric quantitation of adhesion by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been carried out. It allows to subdivide this process into three stages: 1) initial attachment of unspread platelets to the substrate, 2) platelet spreading on the substrate, and 3) attachment of unspread platelets to the upper surface of spread platelets. It was established that the PRP of vWD patients, compared to that of healthy donors, is characterized by a decreased total adhesion of platelets to a CSC-coated surface, which is manifested in the impairment of both the initial attachment and subsequent spreading of platelets. Addition of platelet-free plasma from healthy donors to the vWD PRP completely restores platelet spreading on collagen but little affects the initial attachment. These experiments performed on isolated collagen preparations provide further evidence for the initial attachment and spreading of platelets on collagenous constituents of the subendothelium being factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (FVIII/vWF)-dependent. In contrast to the adhesion on the collagen substrate, the adhesion of platelets from vWD PRP to a foreign surface, polystyrene plastic of uncoated wells, is the same as that of the normal PRP and, thus, FVIII/vWF-independent. PMID- 6610225 TI - Cell-mediated PPD-specific cytotoxicity against human monocyte targets: evidence for restriction by class II HLA antigens. AB - Human Purified Protein Derivative of tuberculin- (PPD-) specific cytotoxic cells have been detected in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated for 6 days with PPD. These cytotoxic cells are demonstrated by their ability to lyse PPD-pulsed autologous monocyte target cells, but not unpulsed targets. In a series of checkerboard experiments each involving 3-5 randomly combined donors, effector cells from 35 donors have been tested in autologous and 130 allogeneic combinations. Analysis of results from the pooled allogeneic combinations reveals that HLA-B - and even more pronounced HLA-DR - antigen sharing correlates positively to high lysis. No effect of HLA-A antigen sharing is found. A more detailed analysis shows that the effect of HLA-B sharing may be fully accounted for by HLA-B-DR linkage disequilibrium. The results thus indicate that cell mediated PPD specific cytotoxicity is HLA-restricted. Further, the correlation to HLA-DR sharing indicates that the restriction element in this system in all probability is a class II antigen. PMID- 6610226 TI - Possible association between HLA-B7 and narcolepsy. PMID- 6610227 TI - Blood transfusions in renal dialysis patients. Effect on cellular immune response. AB - The effect of blood transfusions, given in low number (less than 5), on the immune response of renal dialysis patients was studied. A significantly lowered response of lymphocytes to mitogen stimulation was observed in patients after as few as one, two or three transfusions, depending on the patient. This led to an increased delta 48/delta 0 ratio reflected by the enhanced response of the cells following delayed addition of suboptimal dose of mitogen. There was no modification of the ratio of helper/inducer to suppressor/cytotoxic T cells subsets (OKT4/OKT8). The use of such simple in vitro tests in a strict protocol of transfusions could allow an adequate follow-up thereby limiting the risks of sensitization. These results demonstrate that important phenomena affecting patients' immune response are turned on following even a low number of transfusions in the majority of uremic patients. This could probably be related to the beneficial effects of blood transfusions on the kidney allograft survival already described. PMID- 6610228 TI - Postpartum autoimmune thyroid disorder associated with HLA-DR4? AB - Thirteen Danish women with postpartum thyroiditis were HLA-A, B, C and -DR typed. Nine of ten unrelated probands were DR4-positive which is significantly (corrected p = .01) different from the frequency (34.7%) of this antigen in unrelated controls. PMID- 6610229 TI - Conformational differences between mouse contrapsin and alpha-1-antitrypsin as studied by ultraviolet absorption and circular dichroism spectroscopy. AB - We have compared the conformation of mouse contrapsin , a novel trypsin inhibitor ( Takahara , H. and Sinohara , H. (1982) J. biol. Chem., 257, 2438-2446), and alpha-1-antitrypsin by UV absorption and CD spectroscopy. The two mouse inhibitors share a similar secondary structure, i.e., 24-29% alpha-helix, 31% beta-sheet, and 10-11% beta-turn. The corresponding values for human alpha-1 antitrypsin are 48, 25, and 9%, respectively. These results suggest that peptide backbone structures of the two mouse inhibitors resemble each other, but differ slightly from that of human alpha-1-antitrypsin. On the other hand, evidence is accumulated that the microenvironments of aromatic side chains are considerably different in mouse contrapsin and alpha-1-antitrypsin: (i) An unusual fine vibrational structure was seen in the UV absorption spectra of murine and human alpha-1- antitrypsins , but not in that of contrapsin . (ii) CD bands in contrapsin which may be assigned to phenylalanyl residues were several-fold greater in intensity than those in the two alpha-1- antitrypins . (iii) The above mentioned bands in contrapsin were more susceptible to pH changes than those in alpha-1-antitrypsin. (iv) CD bands in contrapsin which may contain unresolved contributions from tyrosyl and tryptophanyl residues also markedly differed from those in the two alpha-1- antitrypsins . These differences were, however, largely diminished in the presence of 50 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate, suggesting that mouse contrapsin and alpha-1-antitrypsin have a similar structure in the presence of this perturbant . PMID- 6610230 TI - Distribution of the blood flow supplied by the vertebral artery in humans as assessed by emission CT. AB - Though unilateral blood distribution of the vertebral artery has not been studied in humans, it is significant when considering the ischemic events especially embolic occlusion in vertebrobasilar system. To clarify the blood distribution, Krypton-81m was continuously infused into the vertebral arteries of 10 patients. Radioactivity was recorded by a rotating gamma camera. The perfusion images, reconstructed by computer in the transaxial plane, were classified according to whether the distribution was equal, or predominantly unilateral. Overlapping of blood supply from each vertebral artery was studied. In addition, the perfusion from one of the vertebral arteries revealed four distribution patterns with respect to laterality. A) ipsilateral; B) contralateral; C) bilateral; D) mosaic. Images obtained following perfusion of the vertebral artery show less uniformity compared to that of the internal carotid artery, suggesting a complicated vascular supply of the vertebral basilar territory. This complex distribution can be classified by the use of continuous infusion of Krypton-81m. PMID- 6610231 TI - The implication of red cell-bound complement in delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction. PMID- 6610232 TI - Delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions. Evidence for complement activation involving allogeneic and autologous red cells. AB - Twenty-six patients with delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions ( DHTR ) were investigated. The reaction of hemolysis often was concealed by other disorders that were usually associated with signs of hemolysis or blood loss. Coating of red cells was analyzed with regard to IgG and/or complement bound in vivo. Although many of the alloantibodies involved (K [8]; E [5]; Fya [2]; Fyb [2]; D [1]; c [1]; multiple [7]) are usually thought to be incapable of complement activation, a strongly positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) due to C3d was found in all cases. On first examination after transfusion, C3d was present on circulating red cells in large amounts and remained discernible for weeks and even months. IgG on red cells was detected by the DAT in only 10 out of 26 cases. By means of a sensitive radioimmunoassay, IgG was demonstrated in 16 out of 17 cases, but usually in small quantities. Despite the low IgG concentrations, the causative alloantibodies could be eluted in 25 of 26 cases, and, as shown by sequential investigations, in six cases were recoverable from circulating red cells for over 100 days posttransfusion. Since the antiglobulin reactions due to anti-complement were usually strong, not of the "mixed-field" type, and in some cases remained detectable on circulating red cells for months, we conclude that complement is regularly activated in DHTR and binds not only to donated but probably also to autologous red cells. PMID- 6610233 TI - The serological definition of polymorphic HLA-D region gene products on cultured T cells. Detection of DR and MT antigens. PMID- 6610234 TI - Graft-versus-host reactions and abrogation of allotype suppression following histoincompatible lymphoid cell transfers in rabbits. AB - Noninbred rabbits that were characterized for antigens of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) by serological (RLA) typing were used as adult donors and newborn recipients of lymphoid cells. The majority of RLA-heterozygous (CE) animals transplanted with homozygous type C cells died before 7 weeks of age with clinical and histological signs of graft-versus-host disease, but a small proportion survived with their lymphoid and erythroid systems completely converted to phenotypes of the donors. Takeover of the host's hematopoietic system was associated with a transient hyperimmunoglobulinemia, mostly of donor origin, and with a striking and permanent abrogation of allotype suppression on the part of donor lymphocytes. In contrast, as shown in this and in earlier publications, recipients of RLA-compatible cells become stable B lymphocyte chimeras without detectable T cells or erythrocytes of donor type. In the latter case allotype suppression is neither established in the recipient nor abrogated in the donor's cells. PMID- 6610235 TI - How to estimate the relative importance of different diseases: estimates for typhoid fever from Ghana. PMID- 6610236 TI - Clinicopathological conference. Case 1-1983: Alcoholic chronic pancreatitis with a calcified pseudocyst. PMID- 6610237 TI - The social parameters of tuberculous infection among children in the Transkei. AB - A survey of tuberculin sensitivity among children under 14 years of age was carried out in one location of the Transkei. The results were analysed to estimate the association between Heaf test conversion and two social factors, per capita income and overcrowded sleeping quarters. While poverty was found to be associated with a high prevalence of tuberculin sensitivity, overcrowding was not. The methods used and the results are discussed. PMID- 6610238 TI - [Arteriography in gastrointestinal hemorrhage of obscure origin]. PMID- 6610239 TI - [Some subjective symptoms due to occupational exposure to noise. A questionnaire study]. PMID- 6610240 TI - [Usage of ear muffs in a noisy factory. A questionnaire study]. PMID- 6610241 TI - Predicting age of onset for individuals at risk for phakic retinal detachment. AB - Three hundred sixty-five cases of nontraumatic phakic retinal detachment were examined by analysis of covariance to determine the degree of association among type of detachment, refractive error, and age of onset. The combination of type of detachment and refractive error explained 57% of the variation in age of onset. Discrimination among types of detachment by variation in mean age was limited. Discrimination among types of detachment by variation in mean refractive error could not be established. Detachments due to vitreoretinal adhesion, lattice degeneration, and retinal dialysis differed significantly in mean age of onset and regression of age on refractive error. A regression model was created to predict from refractive error the age of onset with 95% confidence limits for individuals who appear to be at risk for these types of detachment. PMID- 6610242 TI - Prevention and management of the sunset syndrome. PMID- 6610243 TI - Mortality associated with mild, untreated xerophthalmia. AB - The high mortality rate among children with severe corneal xerophthalmia is well recognized. The present study investigates, for the first time, mortality among the very much larger number of otherwise healthy free-living children with mild xerophthalmia (night blindness and Bitot's spots). An average of 3481 children (under 6 years of age) living in six Indonesian villages were reexamined by an ophthalmologist, pediatrician, and nutritionist every 3 months for 18 months. The overall prevalence of mild xerophthalmia was 4.9%. During the 18 months of observation, 132 children died. Of these, 24 had mild xerophthalmia and 108 had normal eyes at the 3-monthly examination preceding their death. Mortality rates were calculated for each 3-month interval by classifying all children by their ocular status at the start of the interval, and then dividing the number of deaths within the interval by the number of children of the same ocular status followed up for that interval. Mortality rates for the six 3-month intervals were then added together, and the results expressed as deaths per 1000 "child intervals" of follow-up. Overall mortality rates for children with mild xerophthalmia and for children with normal eyes were 23.3 and 5.3, respectively, a ratio of 4 to 1. Excess mortality among the mildly xerophthalmic children increased with the severity of their xerophthalmia. Mortality rates for children with night blindness, with Bitot's spots, and with the two conditions concurrently were 2.7, 6.6, and 8.6 times the mortality rate of non-xerophthalmic children. This direct, almost linear relation between mortality and the severity of mild xerophthalmia was still present after standardizing for age and for the presence or absence of respiratory infection and protein-energy malnutrition. In the population studied, 16% of all deaths in children 1 to 6 years of age were directly related to vitamin A deficiency identified by the presence of mild xerophthalmia. These results suggest: that the existence of mild vitamin A deficiency in a community justifies initiation of vigorous intervention measures to reduce mortality, as much as to prevent the rarer cases of blindness; that night blindness and Bitot's spots should be accorded the same respect as is low "weight for height" in identifying those children in urgent need of medical attention; that ocular criteria used for determining the existence and severity of a vitamin A problem be reevaluated; and that the ophthalmic community, which has long been responsible for managing xerophthalmia, must now re-alert nutritionists, pediatricians, and public health workers to the serious systemic consequences accompanying even mild PMID- 6610245 TI - The early stage of large granular lymphocyte leukemia in the F344 rat. AB - In the early stages of large granular lymphocyte leukemia of F344 rats, splenic congestion and lymphocytic depletion of the splenic white pulp are the most significant and consistent histologic findings. The diagnosis of early leukemia was confirmed by immunocytochemical demonstration that the cell surface of leukemic large granular lymphocytes reacted with OX-8 monoclonal antibodies and by transplantation of the disease at early stages to healthy weanling rats. PMID- 6610246 TI - A case of suspected zinc toxicity in a dog. PMID- 6610244 TI - Cutaneous lymphosarcoma and leukemia in a dog resembling Sezary syndrome in man. AB - A dog with a lymphoproliferative disease resembling the Sezary syndrome variant of mycosis fungoides in man had large numbers of circulating morphologically abnormal lymphoid cells, multicentric cutaneous nodules and plaques, and extracutaneous involvement of lymph nodes and viscera. The presence of Pautrier's microabscesses, intracutaneous hyperchromatic cells, and leukemic cells with convoluted nuclei distinguished the disease from other types of cutaneous lymphoma. PMID- 6610247 TI - Application of radioimmunological methods for checking the quality of class specific antibodies against bovine and porcine immunoglobulins. AB - Class-specific antibodies against bovine IgG1, IgG2, IgM and IgA and porcine IgG, IgM and IgA immunoglobulins were prepared. Their class specificity was assessed by two radioimmunological methods, namely, radioimmunoelectrophoresis and double antibody sandwich radioimmunoassay. The methods are highly specific and sensitive and do not require the use of purified immunoglobulins, but can be performed with normal serum or colostrum. It was confirmed that antibodies found satisfactory in these tests were suitable for a wide range of use including radioimmunoassay and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. PMID- 6610248 TI - [Scintigraphic determination of metabolic disorders of the heart muscle in vivo]. PMID- 6610249 TI - [Kartagener's syndrome--the ciliary dyskinesia syndrome]. PMID- 6610250 TI - [Sinusoidal modulated currents in the treatment of patients with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6610251 TI - An investigation of nonhemolytic transfusion reactions. AB - This study was undertaken to document the incidence of immediate, nonhemolytic transfusion reactions and to identify a technique or set of techniques that would best identify the different causes of these reactions. A variety of tests were employed to detect lymphocyte, granulocyte, platelet and anti-IgA antibodies. During this study 26,318 units of blood components were transfused on 5,030 occasions. 191 immediate, nonhemolytic reactions were experienced giving an incidence per unit of 0.73%. Blood specimens from 101 of these patients were investigated along with serum from 57 patients who showed no reaction to transfusion as controls. We show that standard B cell lymphocytotoxicity testing is the technique with which most antibodies can be detected (64% of reactors positive vs. 30% of controls, p less than 0.001). Additional tests did not significantly increase the level of antibody detection. PMID- 6610252 TI - Drug metabolizing capacity in Jamaican cigarette and marijuana smokers and non smokers. PMID- 6610253 TI - Oral rifampin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole therapy in asymptomatic carriers of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. AB - During a hospital outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) disease in 30 patients we studied the use of rifampin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) in managing asymptomatic carriers. The outbreak persisted despite control measures including "barrier" precautions, screening cultures, identification of affected persons and rapid hospital discharge of affected patients. The MRSA strain was susceptible to both rifampin and TMP/SMX and in vitro the combination was not antagonistic. Fourteen carriers received a five-day course of rifampin and TMP/SMX given by mouth. Twelve patients were evaluable. Cultures remained persistently positive in four patients, three of whom had foreign bodies that could not be removed. Among the eight with an initial response, two relapsed to the carrier state more than six months after treatment. During the study the outbreak resolved. These data suggest that rifampin and TMP/SMX may decrease the number of MRSA-colonized patients, but may not permanently eradicate the MRSA carrier state. PMID- 6610254 TI - Von Willebrand's disease and severe gastrointestinal bleeding. Report of a kindred. PMID- 6610255 TI - [Effective physical method for the prevention of deep venous thrombosis of the leg]. AB - A newly developed system for the physical prophylaxis of thromboses of deep veins of the leg is presented and its effect on various parameters is described. The invasive examinations were carried out in the blood of the femoral vein and artery on 48 patients (chronic cor pulmonale, varicosis, healthy persons) before and after a 24-hour external rhythmical (dynamic) compression of the feet and lower legs. In 9 out of 19 coagulation and blood gas analytical as well as haemodynamic parameters investigated ascertained changes with antithrombotic function could be proved. The effect depended upon the size and dynamics of the compression pressure as well as upon the size of the storage blood volume. An influence on the arterial circulatory crus was not observed. The present results confirm the up to now reported clinical success in the application of similarly effecting dynamic compression methods within the prophylaxis of thrombosis. PMID- 6610256 TI - Fairfax data show no consistent trend in ampicillin-resistant H influenzae. PMID- 6610257 TI - [The B link in the immunity of patients with infectious forms of syphilis]. PMID- 6610258 TI - Paralytic shellfish poisoning. PMID- 6610259 TI - [Serum uric acid levels in disorders of the rheumatic type]. AB - Serum uric acid levels were investigated in a series of 1715 subjects. Of these 596 were patients suffering from inflammatory rheumatic disorders, 162 patients with gout, 236 with osteoarthrosis and 79 with systemic lupus erythematosus or diffuse scleroderma. 642 healthy subjects completed the series. On analyzing the results, very high uricemia values were found in patients with gout. Increased average uricemia values were observed in patients with psoriatic arthritis and diffuse connective tissue disorders (systemic lupus erythematosus and diffuse scleroderma). Hyperuricemia was found in psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and in nosologic units classified under diffuse connective tissue disorders in 5.6 to 10.1% of patients. In the healthy subjects examined, hyperuricemia was recorded in 3.8% of cases. PMID- 6610260 TI - [Closing the oro-antral opening with a lyophilized fibrin adhesive system]. PMID- 6610261 TI - A case of liver cirrhosis with alpha-1-antitrypsin globules and hepatitis B surface antigen seropositivity. AB - PAS staining, immunohistochemical examination and electron microscopy revealed presence of alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) globules in the hepatocytes of a HBsAg and anti-HBc seropositive female patient diseased of liver cirrhosis. The possible causes of cirrhosis are briefly analysed and the diagnostic importance of PAS positive, amylase-resistant hepatocellular inclusions is discussed. Apart from the case reported, only two of 509 cirrhotic livers of adults, examined either by biopsy or post mortem, demonstrated similar characteristic PAS-positive globules. This indicates that in the population group (135,000 persons) referred for health care to the hospital where the examinations were done, AAT deficiency has played a negligible role in the development of liver cirrhosis in adults. PMID- 6610262 TI - [Jejunum diverticula as a cause of massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 6610263 TI - Pneumocystis carinii: electron microscopic investigation on the interaction of trophozoite and alveolar lining cell. AB - The habitat, behaviour of Pneumocystis carinii, and the interaction between the organisms and host alveolar cells were studied electron microscopically in corticosteroid-treated rats. The trophozoites of P. carinii used to line up along the type I alveolar epithelial cells at the early stage of infection. No organism was found being adhere to type II cells which have numerous microvilli on their surface. By adding tannic acid to the fixative we could preserve the alveolar lining layer, in which the organisms were found all the time. Therefore P. carinii is not exposed to alveolar air but is living in the liquid layer. Those findings are important in considering nutrition of the organism as well as pathogenicity to the host. The trophozoites and type I cells were in close contact mostly with their smooth surface rather than with tubular expansions of the organism. The cytoplasm of type I cell was often found protruded along the pellicle of the organism as if it surrounded the organism. Phagocytosis of P. carinii by alveolar macrophage and neutrophil was often seen in the alveolar lumen when the infection advanced. Sometimes the trophozoites were found sub- and intra- epithelially . Those trophozoites seemed alive from their ultrastructures. However, it remained unsolved, whether those figures were the resultants of active invasion of the trophozoite or of being surrounded by the epithelial cells. PMID- 6610264 TI - [Effect of lithium on water-salt metabolism in the frog Rana temporaria]. AB - Frogs kept in distilled water with 1 mM LiCl loose Na more readily than control animals in pure distilled water. After 10 days of staying in a medium with LiCl, a decrease of total content of Na and K in the body and skeletal muscles was observed together with a decrease in sodium content of the blood serum and intracellular concentration of potassium in muscles. There was no difference in the volume of extracellular fluid between the two groups of frogs. Concentration of Li in the blood serum was 5 times higher than that in the external medium, indicating active transport of Li across the skin. In skeletal muscle fibers, Li concentration was twice lower than in the blood serum. In frogs kept in LiCl solution, the increase in diuresis, as well as the increase in urinary excretion of Na and K were observed. It is suggested that Li ions inhibit sodium transport or prevent hormonal effects on the kidney, urinary bladder and skin of the frogs. PMID- 6610265 TI - [Role of the hypothalamus in organizing the wakefulness-primary sleep cycle in the frog Rana temporaria]. AB - New data are presented on the role of the hypothalamus in re-arrangement of tonus of the vegetative nervous system during three forms of rest of the primary sleep in the frog. Temporal organization of the cycle " awakefulness -primary sleep" depends on interaction of the anterior and posterior hypothalamus. The anterior hypothalamus is responsible for manifestation of two forms of rest of the primary sleep, i.e. diurnal resting form (P-1) which is associated with the increase in plastic tone of skeletal muscles, and the other resting form (P-3) which is associated with the decrease in muscle tonus. These forms of rest are accompanied by the predominance of parasympathetic tonus of the vegetative nervous system. The posterior hypothalamus is associated with manifestation of the resting form which includes the increase in the rigidity of muscle tonus (P-2) and transient phasic increase in the heart rate, the latter being observed at all forms of the primary sleep. Statistical treatment of the ECG revealed specific pattern of two dimensional density of distribution of probabilities of R-R intervals for the resting forms of the primary sleep which is important for identification of different phases in the " awakefulness -primary sleep" cycle in vertebrates. PMID- 6610266 TI - [Data from the serological examination of the population of the Republic of Congo for the presence of antibodies to orthopoxviruses. I. A comparative evaluation of different study methods and general results]. AB - The selective survey of the population of the Republic of Congo for the presence of antibodies to orthopoxviruses has been carried out with the use of the neutralization test, the hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) test and the ELISA. Despite a prolonged period (15 years) elapsed since the transmission of natural smallpox stopped in this country and despite the almost complete cessation of immunization against this infection since 1977, antibodies to orthopoxviruses can be detected in a considerable proportion of the population: 29%. This percentage grows as older age groups are examined, reaching 90.6% in the age groups of 16 years and over. Antibodies to orthopoxviruses have also been detected in children under 5 years of age, born after the eradication of smallpox and having no vaccination scars. The possible causes of this phenomenon are discussed. The comparison of the results obtained with the use of different tests has confirmed high sensitivity of ELISA. The HAI test is less sensitive, but this is compensated by its simplicity and its easy use for screening procedures. Besides, the positive results of this test indicate that the corresponding sera contain sufficiently high titers of virus-neutralizing antibodies detected by means of ELISA, which is of importance for their subsequent interspecific differentiation. PMID- 6610267 TI - [Use of a method of recording somatosensory evoked potentials to evaluate the intensity of painful stimulation and the effectiveness of analgesic stimulation]. AB - The authors propose a modified variant of experimental pain stimulation with the attendant registration of somatosensory evoked potentials (EPs) induced by electrocutaneous stimulation via electrodes placed on the ulnar surface of the lower arm. The amplitude of EPs taken from the cranial surface directly correlates with the subjective sensation of pain. These EPs represent superficial positive vibrations with the peak latent period of 240 +/- 23 msec, which are most expressed in leads with saggital electrodes. Transcutaneous antinociceptive stimulation diminishes the amplitude of the recorded EPs in accordance with the subjective analgesic effect. The suggested model may be used for objective evaluation of the pain effect and for selecting the optimum parameters of antinociceptive stimulation. PMID- 6610268 TI - [Electroencephalographic signs of a pathologic process in the area of the cerebellopontine angle]. AB - Electroencephalographic examination of patients with giant neurinomas of the auditory nerve treated with diazepam and sombrevin in the preoperative period was effective in specifying definite signs, making it possible, on the basis of the EEG findings, to localize the pathological process at the level of the posterior cranial fossa and to establish its predominant impact on the structures of the posterior cranial fossa. The electroencephalographic data obtained from these patients under electrophysiological control during surgery correlated with the changes in the EEG pattern found in the preoperative period. As a result of the examination carried out, a totality of indices were specified, enabling the localization of the pathological process at the level of the posterior cranial fossa. PMID- 6610269 TI - Echocardiographic assessment of the subaortic root after implantation of high or low profile mitral prostheses. AB - In order to evaluate the influence of the profile of mitral prostheses on the outflow tract of the left ventricle, 99 patients underwent M-Mode echocardiography before and after surgery. In 67 cases high profile mitral prostheses had been implanted (48 mechanical and 19 biological); in 32 cases low profile mitral prostheses had been implanted (22 mechanical, 10 biological). Echocardiography showed that the implantation of high profile mitral prostheses did not induce changes of left ventricular diastolic and systolic dimensions ( EDDLV and ESDLV ) while induced significant reduction of left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) dimension and LVOT/ EDDLV index with subsequent changes in transaortic flow. On the other hand, low profile prostheses did not induce significant changes of left ventricular dimensions, LVOT and LVOT/ EDDLV index. Finally, low profile biological mitral valve prostheses ( Liotta type) induced a significant increase of post-operative dimension of LVOT and LVOT/ EDDLV index. Authors conclude: that the implantation of high profile mitral prostheses changes LVOT dimension and transaortic flow and, that M-Mode echocardiography is a reliable technique to point out these changes. PMID- 6610270 TI - Myocardial damage after D.C. countershock: myoglobin and CK-MB radioimmunoassay evaluation. AB - After D.C. countershock to terminate cardiac arrhythmias, in 3 out of 8 patients studied, an increase in both plasma myoglobin (Mb) and CK-MB (assessed by radioimmunoassay) was found. In 2 patients there was an increase of only plasma Mb and in 1 an increase of only CK-MB. In 2 cases no increase of either parameters was found. It is suggested that the radioimmunoassay technique for measuring Mb and CK-MB might have a greater reliability than other techniques for the detection of myocardial damage. PMID- 6610271 TI - Coronary artery surgery in patients with myxoedema. AB - Thyroid replacement therapy in patients with myxoedema associated with coronary atherosclerosis often exacerbates angina or occasionally precipitates myocardial infarction. Coronary revascularization has been proposed for these patients. In an attempt to evaluate the risks of anesthesia and surgery in hypothyroidism against the possible occurrence of a coronary event during preoperative thyroid replacement therapy, we reviewed the literature and report an additional five hypothyroid patients undergoing coronary bypass grafting without operative complications. It seems recommendable not delay thyroid replacement therapy in hypothyroid patients, who need coronary artery surgery, until a few days after the intervention. PMID- 6610272 TI - The heart as an integrated muscle and pump system: triple control and subdivision of the cardiac cycle. PMID- 6610273 TI - Can pulmonary hypertension be predicted by non-invasive approach? Echocardiographic and haemodynamic study. AB - 41 patients suffering from Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (COLD) and 44 with Sarcoidosis were studied. Said patients underwent respiratory function tests, echocardiography (M.mode) to assess the right ventricular index ( RVI = diameter of the right ventricular cavity corrected by body surface) and the thickness of the right ventricular anterior wall ( RVAWT ); patients also underwent right heart haemodynamics (Swan-Ganz catheter). These data were further statistically studied by means of multiple regression in order to assess the eventuality of a non-invasive prediction of pulmonary artery mean pressure (PAP): variables taken into consideration were: age, body surface (BS), RVI , RVAWT , arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2), arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2) and PAP dependence according to each case group and the interaction of each group itself on the variables. RVI appeared to be the most reliable, in fact, when PaCO2 is also available, the standard error of estimation (SEE) was only 3.84 mmHg and the coefficient of determination was equal to 85.5% with a notable improvement when compared to results seen in previous studies. This behaviour was observed both in patients with early sarcoidosis and in COLD patients with mild pulmonary hypertension. This might be due to the fact that we took the right ventricle into consideration which inevitably feels the increase in pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 6610274 TI - Growth hormone increases neonatal mouse urine epidermal growth factor. AB - The effects of bovine growth hormone (bGH) and triiodothyronine (T3), alone and in combination, were studied on urinary-EGF (U-EGF) in newborn mice. All three treatments significantly augmented the concentration of U-EGF. The effect was far greater for T3 than for bGH. No EGF response was seen in submandibular gland or kidney tissues suggesting that, in newborn animals, these hormones selectively modulate U-EGF. PMID- 6610275 TI - Induction of the morphologic changes of both acute and chronic experimental myasthenia by monoclonal antibody directed against acetylcholine receptor. AB - To investigate pathogenic mechanisms in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) and myasthenia gravis (MG), we studied the acute and chronic effects in rats of injection of rat monoclonal antibodies ( MCABs ) directed against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR). Animals were severely weak 12 h after a single injection, at which time macrophages were found invading endplate regions of muscle and cholinesterase-stained regions were separted from the underlying muscle fibers. Ultrastructural studies showed findings identical to the acute phase of EAMG: degenerating postsynaptic membranes and invasion and phagocytosis of endplate regions by macrophages. Animals receiving sublethal doses of MCAB recovered clinically by 4-5 days after injection. Recovery was accompanied by a progressive decrease in the number of macrophages associated with endplates and reapposition to the myofibers of the cholinesterase-stained regions. Animals injected once, or repeatedly over several months, remained clinically and electromyographically normal after recovery from the initial episode of weakness, but their endplate ultrastructure was highly simplified with blunted or absent synaptic folds and shallow or absent secondary synaptic clefts. These studies demonstrate that anti-AChR MCABs can induce the changes of both acute and chronic EAMG. There is good correlation between the inflammatory changes and the acute clinical disease but poor correlation between morphological and clinical parameters in the chronic syndrome. The latter observation suggests that severe ultrastructural changes, similar to those seen in chronic EAMG and MG, cannot account, at least in rats, for the clinical and electrophysiologic abnormalities of MG. PMID- 6610276 TI - A standardized human T-lymphocyte proliferation assay for detecting soluble accessory factors from monocytes. I. Monocyte and monokine requirements. AB - Monocyte (M phi-) depleted human peripheral blood mononuclear cells exhibit reduced capacity to proliferate, when stimulated with low doses of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Stimulation with higher doses of the mitogen or addition of graded numbers of autologous M phi's potentiated the response proportionally, and 10% M phi's restored the response completely. Addition of only 0.1% M phi's was needed for potentiating the response significantly. Pretreatment of M phi's with Actinomycin-D or heating impaired the accessory effect, whereas x-irradiation had no effect. The presence of M phi's did not influence the viability of the proliferating lymphocytes. Crude supernatants from M phi-cultures, even at very low concentrations, partly restored the PHA response, as did preparations of highly purified human Interleukin-1. PMID- 6610277 TI - Location of the binding site in subcomponent C1q for plasma fibronectin. AB - Previous studies on the interaction of fibronectin with C1q have yielded apparently conflicting results since both the globular head regions (produced by collagenase digestion) and the collagen-like domains (produced by limited pepsin digestion) have been reported to bind to fibronectin. In this study, the binding of 125I-labelled fibronectin to either intact C1q, or the collagenase or pepsin digestion products, immobilised on plastic microtitre plates was examined. Inhibition of the C1q-fibronectin interaction by the C1q digestion products was also examined. The results confirmed that both globular 'head' region preparations and collagen-like region preparations, can interact with fibronectin. Since the fragments used in these studies share a section of common amino acid sequence from the C1q molecule it can be concluded that the binding site, on C1q for fibronectin, is located in a region formed from the residues 81 97 of each of the three chains of the C1q molecule. PMID- 6610278 TI - Effects of two new Ca-entry blockers bepridil and nitrendipine on isolated vessels. AB - The effects of nitrendipine and bepridil were studied in isolated rings of human crural veins contracted by noradrenaline (NA) or potassium (K). Both drugs had a concentration dependent inhibitory effect on active tone and shifted the NA and K concentration-response curves to the right in a non-parallel manner and reduced the maximum contractile response. Both drugs had a more potent inhibitory effect on K than on NA-induced contractions. Nitrendipine was far more potent in inhibiting the K-induced contractions than bepridil while the drugs were equipotent in inhibiting NA-induced contractions. Human veins were less sensitive than rat aorta to the inhibitory effect of nitrendipine. In contrast to nitrendipine the effect of bepridil was gradual and slow in onset. The inhibitory effect of both drugs was strong and long-lasting and resistant to washout procedures. Both drugs effectively eliminated spontaneous mechanical activity and reduced K-induced contractions in rat portal veins. The results support that nitrendipine and bepridil are effective vasodilators in arteries as well as in veins. The main action of both nitrendipine and bepridil seems to be attributed to an inhibitory effect on cellular Ca-entry. PMID- 6610279 TI - Suicide in a northern town of Sri Lanka. AB - Suicide mortality in a northern town of Sri Lanka for the year 1982 is examined. The rate was 53.5 per 100,000 general population and shows an increasing trend amongst the 15-34 age group. The commonest method was self-poisoning by agrochemicals and insecticides of organophosphorus type. Psychiatric diagnosis, social, economic and political factors are presented. Easy availability of dangerous agrochemicals and rapid social and political changes appear to be of equal importance in producing a high rate of suicide. PMID- 6610280 TI - Activation of NK activity and auto-reactive cytotoxicity after hepatectomy. AB - Spleen cells serially sampled from normal mice following partial hepatectomy were tested for antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and natural killer (NK) activity. There was a marked augmentation of these activities of spleen cells from the hepatectomized animals, compared to cells from controls with a simple laparotomy. The augmentation of ADCC in the hepatectomized mice was largely attributable to the activity of T lymphocytes. When cultured with interleukin-2 (IL-2), the spleen cells from hepatectomized mice exhibited cytotoxicity to syngeneic lymphoblasts, which was found to be effected by T cells. PMID- 6610281 TI - Hepatitis, epidemiology and liver function in hemophiliacs in Sweden. AB - The epidemiology of viral hepatitis and liver function were studied in a retrospective survey of 69 patients with moderate and severe hemophilia A and B, and with severe von Willebrand's disease. Forty-nine patients were on prophylactic self-therapy and 20 on episodic treatment by medical personnel. Serologic markers of viral hepatitis (HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc, anti-HAV, and in some cases HBeAg and anti-HBe) and liver function tests (ASAT, ALAT, IgG) were followed for up to 12 years. There was a history of clinical hepatitis in 19%, and 96% showed some serologic evidence of exposure to hepatitis B virus. Only one patient was a HBsAg carrier. The prevalence of elevated ASAT and/or ALAT was 65% and the incidence 96%. In 68% of the patients there had been a transaminase elevation for more than 6 months. The clinical picture, serologic markers or liver function tests showed no significant difference between the types of hemophilia, amounts and modes of therapy, or age groups. The chronic hepatitis seen in our hemophiliacs seemed to be a slowly or non-progressive disease. PMID- 6610282 TI - Addictive behaviors among hospitalized psychiatric patients. AB - A survey was conducted to assess the extent of alcohol abuse, drug abuse, obesity, and smoking among patients hospitalized on other than substance abuse treatment wards of a large psychiatric hospital. The results revealed extensive addictive behavior problems in the sample with nearly 90% of the patients having at least one of the problems. Prevalence rates for smoking and alcohol abuse substantially exceeded, and for obesity was equivalent to, the prevalence of these behaviors in the general population. Drug abuse was the least frequent problem and comparisons to the general population could not be made. Another major finding was that a relatively small proportion of patients was receiving any treatment for their addictive problems that was likely to be effective. For the most part, it seemed that patients receiving treatment were cases in which the addictive problem caused a serious immediate danger to the patient or others on the ward or seriously disrupted the ward routine. PMID- 6610284 TI - Eating disorders among adolescents: patterns and prevalence. AB - The purpose of this study was to (a) estimate the prevalence of disordered eating habits among adolescents; and (b) examine relationships between bingeing -dieting and feelings of psychosocial constraint. Disordered eating was defined as bingeing , highly restrictive dieting, emotional eating, or purging. A 71-item questionnaire was completed by 2,004 high school students. Disordered eating, as a distinct syndrome of behaviors, was found in 2% of all subjects. Seven percent of all subjects (11% of all females) were classified as emotional eaters. The prevalence (once a week or more often) of individual behaviors ranged widely: Bingeing = 20%, purging = 5%, feeling out of control about food = 27%. Factor analyses indicated that bingeing -dieting as a cycle was not a major behavioral pattern among subjects. Dieting vs. uncontrollable eating emerged as separate constellations of behaviors. Dieting was related to endorsement of regulation and constraint. Dieting and compulsive eating were both related to feelings of failure. PMID- 6610283 TI - Sampling bias due to consent procedures with adolescents. AB - Positive consent was solicited from parents of 604 seventh grade students in four middle schools. Three hundred and fifty eight (59%) returned consents and completed a questionnaire under " bogus pipeline" conditions with saliva and air samples. Two weeks later both students with consent and those without were administered a second questionnaire without physiological measures. Comparison between consent and nonconsent students show significant differences in the smoking of cigarettes and marijuana, but no difference in the use of alcohol. Additional significant differences were found in exposure to smoking models, and level of education of both parents. The bias shown on significant dependent variables may adversely effect the generalizability of results of studies of adolescent drug use that depend upon positive parental consent. PMID- 6610285 TI - Hypoxic reduction in blood flow velocity in pulmonary arterioles and capillaries. AB - A small ring chamber (I.D. = 6 mm) was placed on the exposed lung of anaesthetized bullfrogs. A localized hypoxia was induced in the ring chamber by introducing nitrogen in it. Blood flow velocity in pulmonary microvessels was measured by means of a laser Doppler microscope. The mean blood flow velocity was 1.98 +/- 0.45 and 1.52 +/- 0.10 mm/sec during the control condition in arterioles and capillaries, respectively. It was then reduced by the localized hypoxia to 1.63 +/- 0.32 and 1.33 +/- 0.08 mm/sec in arterioles and capillaries, respectively. The reduction, when expressed in the percentage ratio to the control flow velocity in each blood vessel group, was significantly larger in arterioles than in capillaries. A phase delay in the pulsation of the flow velocity contour was detected only in arterioles. These differences between pulmonary arterioles and capillaries in response to the localized hypoxia may be attributed to the dense interconnection of capillary network extending beyond the localized hypoxic area to the normoxic area. PMID- 6610287 TI - Effect of adrenaline on capillary diameter in the frog mesentery. PMID- 6610286 TI - The fine adjustment of capillary blood flow through excitation of the capillary wall. PMID- 6610288 TI - Rhythmicity and tension development of spontaneous contracting capillaries in the mesentery of frogs. PMID- 6610289 TI - Lymphotoxins - a multicomponent system of growth inhibitory and cell-lytic glycoproteins. AB - Activated lymphocytes from experimental animals and man can release materials, termed lymphotoxins , which cause growth inhibition and cell lysis in vitro. These molecules, from human lymphocytes, are glycoproteins which can be divided into five molecular weight classes. These forms are heterogeneous, for each MW class can be further subdivided into multiple charge subclasses. It is now clear certain MW classes are interrelated and form a system of cell toxins. The larger classes (greater than 140,000 d) are associated with nonclassical antigen-binding receptors (R), which can be of T cell origin. The smaller forms (less than 90,000 d) do not express R function and are derived from the larger forms, possibly by enzymatic action. Two MW classes, one receptor-associated and one non-receptor associated, have been purified to homogeneity and their peptide composition is being studied. Functional studies reveal the larger MW forms derived from alloimmune cell populations; can induce selective and nonselective destruction of cells in vitro. Antibodies which inhibit the in vitro cell lytic ability of various human LT forms can block different classes of human lymphocyte cell killing reactions in vitro. PMID- 6610290 TI - Alloreactive T cell clones. AB - T cell clones are useful models for studying lymphocyte function both at the level of the individual cell and in interacting systems. Murine cytolytic and non cytolyic T cell clones have been obtained with relative ease, and the particular procedure used to derive and maintain T cell clones may influence profoundly the characteristics of the resulting cells. The method of choice depends on the specific question to be asked. Although some clones have characteristics that would have been expected on the basis of results observed with bulk cell populations, other clones have rather unexpected properties. Although most T cell clones appear to be either cytolytic or non-cytolytic, this distinction is not always absolute. A high proportion of both cytolytic and non-cytolytic T cell clones have dual reactivity. This is true for cells which by other criteria appear to be true clones. The frequency of such cells is high enough to suggest that most if not all T cells may have reactivity for more than one antigenic determinant or that antigenic determinants recognized by T cells are shared widely and unexpectedly. It is not clear whether one or two different antigen receptors account for such dual reactivity. The nature of the T cell receptor for antigen remains obscure. T cell clones, because of their homogeneous nature, should make it easier to answer these important immunological questions. Although it remains to be determined how many distinct molecules account for the numerous biological activities found in the culture supernatants from antigen-stimulated T cell clones, it is clear that these factors influence several different types of cells that are involved directly and indirectly in immune responses. IL-2 stimulates both cytolytic and non-cytolytic T cells to proliferate. BCSF causes polyclonal activation of B cells, and there may be other factors which influence B cell responses to antigenic stimulation. IL-3 apparently stimulates maturation of immature T cells. CSF stimulates production of macrophages from precursor cells found in the bone marrow. Supernatants also stimulate expression of Ia antigens by macrophages, and antigen-presenting cells have been found to bear Ia antigens. Interferon augments natural killer cell activity. Thus, regardless of how many molecules are involved in these effects, activated non-cytolytic T cells appear to be involved in a variety of ways in the modulation of immune responses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6610291 TI - Cultured human T lymphocyte lines and clones as immunogenetic tools. AB - Human T lymphocytes were sensitized in vitro to allogeneic determinants encoded by the HLA region and subsequently cloned by limiting dilution in the presence of human T cell growth factor. An in vitro priming protocol entailing multiple rounds of allostimulation in mixed lymphocyte culture, using a disparate stimulating to responding cell ratio (10:1), enabled a high frequency of functionally active clones to be isolated. The specificity of the proliferative and cytotoxic reactivities was ascertained directly by screening in an HLA characterized family. PMID- 6610292 TI - Growth characteristics of A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells in serum-free medium: inhibition by epidermal growth factor. AB - A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells in culture may be grown in the absence of serum in a one to one mixture of Ham's F12 and Dulbecco-modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10 micrograms/ml bovine insulin, 10 micrograms/ml human transferrin, 5 micrograms/ml human cold-insoluble globulin and 0.5 mM ethanolamine. Growth rate of the cells in this serum-free medium is essentially identical to that of cells in medium containing 10% fetal calf serum. Addition of epidermal growth factor at concentrations which are stimulatory for the growth of other cell types in culture causes and inhibition of A431 cell growth in both serum-free and serum-containing medium. The inhibitory effect of epidermal growth factor is reversible upon replacement of epidermal growth factor-containing medium with medium containing no epidermal growth factor. Simultaneous addition to the medium of antibody to epidermal growth factor along with epidermal growth factor prevents the inhibitory effect. PMID- 6610293 TI - Hip fracture among the elderly in a mixed urban and rural population. AB - Among the 27314 people aged 60 years or more living in the northern part of the county of Storstr om, Denmark, 117 were hospitalized with hip fracture in one year (1978), making an incidence of 4.3 per 1000. All 117 patients were seen soon after their admittance to hospital, and after one year the 86 surviving patients were seen in their homes. A higher death rate was found during the first three months, but only among patients with additional disabling diseases. Among the survivors, the possibility of leading a regular life was found to be only slightly reduced as measured by their activity-level, mobility and state of independence. Thirteen per cent of the survivors were institutionalized. The mean stay in hospital was 66 days, including transfer to a geriatric department in some instances. PMID- 6610294 TI - Acute phase protein response to infection in elderly patients. AB - The presence of infection is often difficult to diagnose in elderly patients. In view of this, laboratory markers of infection are of great clinical importance. The pattern of change in acute phase proteins has not hitherto been studied in elderly patients. In a prospective series of 114 acute elderly admissions to a Geriatric Unit there was a significant change with infection in all proteins studied, but C-reactive protein was the most sensitive marker of the presence and severity of infection and the response to antimicrobial therapy. The best pair of acute phase proteins in the prediction of infection were alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and C-reactive protein whilst albumin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein together contributed significantly to the prediction of outcome. PMID- 6610295 TI - [T-cell bearing IgG-Fc receptor in patients with bladder cancer]. AB - The T-cell bearing Fc receptor (IgG-FcR+ T cell) has been considered as a suppressor or a part of the killer cell, as determined by its function. The population of IgG-FcR+ T cells was determined by Moretta 's method in patients with urinary bladder cancer, urological benign diseases and in normal subjects. The population of IgG-FcR+ T cells in the peripheral lymphocytes of 16 patients with urinary bladder cancer was 20.5 +/- 10.1%, that of 7 patients with urological benign diseases was 9.5 +/- 3.2%, and that of 8 normal subjects was 9.0 +/- 2.1. The population of IgG-FcR+ T cells in the peripheral lymphocytes patients with high stage bladder cancer was significantly higher than that of patients with low stage cancer. In low stage bladder cancer cases, the population of IgG-FcR+ T cells was decreased to the normal range at three weeks after removal of the tumor. But in high stage bladder cancer cases, it was not changed at 3 weeks. PMID- 6610296 TI - [Clinical studies on the prognosis of 150 cases of acute renal failure]. AB - A survey has been made of 150 cases of acute renal failure (A.R.F.) seen between 1962 and 1981. The overall mortality was 43.3%. The patients ranged from 7 to 75 years old. The mean age of all the patients was 47.2 years old. The mean age of the patients seen between 1970 and 1981 was 58.1 years old, 20 years older than those seen between 1962 and 1969. Despite increasing expertise in management of the complications of surgical, medical, and obstetric disorders, and considerable technical advances in dialysis, there was no decrease in mortality over the 20 year period of survey. Many factors have been identified as having an adverse influence on prognosis, such as age of patient, surgical origin, and complications. Mortality rate was high in the patients over 71 years old, postsurgical group (55.6%), and hepatorenal syndrome group (92.3%). Five major complications had an adverse influence: septicemia (57.1%), respiratory infection (61.1%), cardiovascular disorder (46.3%), hemorrhage (59.6%), unconsciousness (62.2%), and hepatic dysfunction (56.8%). Between 1970 and 1981 the mortality in the patients dialyzed up to 3 times was 81.3%, compared with 26.5% in those dialyzed from 4 to 19 times (p less than 0.01). In the former group severity of the underlying disorder had an adverse influence on prognosis. Although the A.R.F. may be controlled in the earlier stages of illness, many of these patients die of overwhelming infection or other complications. PMID- 6610297 TI - [The study of infiltrating lymphocytes in the tissues of bladder carcinoma]. AB - Using 121 patients with bladder cancer operated on at our institutes, the relationship between lymphocyte infiltration and grading, staging or patients' prognosis was studied for evaluating regional immunocompetence in bladder cancer. There was no correlation between number of infiltrating lymphocytes and tumor grading or staging. However, the patients with high grade or advanced stage showed high recurrence rate and mortality. The same tendency was observed in patients whose tumor had few infiltrating lymphocytes. A lymphocyte subset was detected in both peripheral blood and tumor extracts in 15 cases of bladder cancer. Compared with the normal controls, T cell percent was lower and T gamma cell ratio was higher in peripheral blood of bladder cancer patients. T cell percent was almost equal in peripheral blood and in cancer tissue, but the T gamma cell ratio in the cancer patients was much higher than that in blood. In the tumor tissues, high T cell and lower T gamma cell percentages were observed at basal areas than those at superficial portions. These results suggest that infiltrating lymphocytes may take part in the host response to the tumor in bladder cancer. Classification of these lymphocytes based upon function will be necessary for further study. PMID- 6610298 TI - [Transcutaneous electrical stimulation for the control of frequency and urge incontinence]. AB - To control frequency, urgency and urge incontinence, transcutaneous electrical stimulation was applied to the tibial nerve, the pudendal nerve or the anal sphincter in 79 patients. All patients were refractory to any medications for the control of frequency, nocturia, urgency and urge incontinence from a variety of causes including disk protrusion, Parkinson's disease and idiopathic conditions. The parameters of stimulation were 0.1 to 0.5 msec. duration for each stimulus, frequency 10 to 40 Hz, amplitude 5 to 500 voltage. Cystometrography was repeated during and after electrical stimulation and showed increased bladder capacity, measured at first and/or at maximum desire to void, increased compliance, decreased bladder pressure and/or disappearance of uninhibited contractions in 79% of the patients examined. At least one of these changes was observed in 64, 72 and 85% of the patients who underwent stimulation of the tibial nerve, the pudendal nerve and the anal sphincter, respectively. In some patients inhibition of bladder contraction persisted for more than 2 or 3 days after stimulation. Electromyographic activity of the pelvic floor muscles increased in all of the patients during the stimulation of the pudendal nerve or the anal sphincter, but did not increase and rather decreased during stimulation of the tibial nerve. Urethral pressure measured during electrical stimulation, did not change in many cases. Clinical success was also obtained in 19 of 22 patients who underwent two electrical stimulation program; one was continuous daily use of a portable stimulator, and the other was periodic anal stimulation once or twice a week.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6610299 TI - Hypersensitivity reactions after barium enema examination. AB - Three patients who developed urticaria shortly after air-contrast barium enema studies of the colon are described. Only a single similar instance was found in the literature. One of the patients had a positive prick skin test to methylparaben, which was the preservative in the barium mixture used and, therefore, is presumed to be the responsible allergen. PMID- 6610300 TI - Relation between pelvic phleboliths and diverticular disease of the colon. AB - The frequent occurrence of colon diverticula and pelvic phleboliths in older persons in Western society has been attributed to the long-term effects of a low fiber diet. If diet is a common factor for both processes, their incidence should be related. A statistical study was performed to correlate the number and size of pelvic phleboliths with the amount of colon diverticular disease present at barium enema. Examination of barium enemas of 203 patients (98 male, 105 female) aged 60-69 years showed no statistical difference between the genders in regard to the location and amount of either diverticular disease or number and size of pelvic phleboliths . There was no statistical correlation between the amount of diverticular disease and the mere presence or absence of pelvic phleboliths . However, when phleboliths were present, there was a definite statistical correlation between the number and size of the phleboliths and the degree of diverticular disease present. On the basis of this study, the relation between phleboliths and colon diverticula seems complex and needs further examination. PMID- 6610301 TI - Dysplasia to carcinoma transformation in ulcerative colitis. PMID- 6610302 TI - Evaluation of obstructive uropathy in children: radionuclide renography vs. the Whitaker test. AB - Differentiation of obstructed from dilated, nonobstructed urinary systems in the postoperative child is a difficult diagnostic problem. A comparison study was performed in 21 children with hydroureteronephrosis using the Whitaker test in combination with conventional radionuclide renography and/or diuretic (furosemide)-augmented radionuclide renography. The results of each method were correlated with the clinical assessment and surgical findings. Conventional renography was found to be an unreliable study, with a clinical correctness of only 57%. Results were more favorable for both the Whitaker test and diuretic augmented radionuclide renography, with clinical correctness in 86% and 85%, respectively. Furthermore, when both tests agreed, no false negatives or false positives were obtained. Due to the noninvasive nature of the study, diuretic augmented renography should be the initial procedure once hydroureteronephrosis is established. A recommended algorithm of the child with postoperative hydroureteronephrosis is suggested. PMID- 6610303 TI - Method for ejecting cestodes: duodenal tube injection of gastrografin. AB - Most of the conventional anthelmintics for cestodiasis are known to destroy the worm body. The risk of cysticercosis and recurrence of cestodiasis will be avoided only if tapeworms are ejected with intact bodies and scoleces . Two cases with Diphyllobothrium latum and two with Taenia saginata were treated by administration of 200-300 ml of Gastrografin through a duodenal tube. The worm bodies were confirmed by fluoroscopy, and the expelled worms were alive and had intact scoleces . No adverse effects were noted in the patients during or after the treatment. PMID- 6610304 TI - Pulmonary complications of AIDS: radiologic features. AB - Fifty-two patients with pulmonary complications of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were studied over a 3-year period. The vast majority of the patients were homosexual; however, a significant number were intravenous drug abusers. Thirteen different organisms were noted, of which Pneumocystis carinii was by far the most common. Five patients had neoplasia. Most patients had initial abnormal chest films; however, eight patients subsequently shown to have Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia had normal chest films. A significant overlap in chest radiographic findings was noted among patients with different or multiple organisms. Lung biopsy should be an early consideration for all patients with a clinical history consistent with the pulmonary complications of AIDS. Repeat biopsy is also indicated to ascertain the progression of radiographic findings. Unfortunately, even with documentation of the nature of the pulmonary process, treatment often is ineffective. Of the 52 patients, 41 had died by the time this report was completed. PMID- 6610305 TI - Unintended percutaneous aspiration of pulmonary echinococcal cysts. AB - Three patients had viable, noninfected, echinococcal cysts of the lung unintentionally diagnosed by percutaneous transthoracic aspiration without deleterious effects. Although aspiration generally should be avoided in hydatid disease because of the possibility of allergic reaction or spread of disease, neither of these potentially adverse effects was seen. Cystobronchial communication was produced iatrogenically in all three cases. The patients were followed for up to 3 years 2 months. Two patients were treated with mebendazole. The pathologist should be alerted when clear colorless fluid is withdrawn from a chest mass because the scoleces of Echinococcus granulosus may be missed on routine staining. PMID- 6610307 TI - Ductus arteriosus aneurysm in an adult. PMID- 6610306 TI - Pulmonary cavitations in Mycobacterium kansasii: distinctions from M. tuberculosis. AB - The initial radiographs of 263 patients with pulmonary Mycobacterium kansasii infections were reviewed. Forty-nine untreated patients with active disease had unilateral lesions containing cavities less than 2 cm in diameter. The radiographs of these 49 patients were studied further and were found to have four distinct patterns: pattern 1, a circumscribed opacity containing a single cavity (39%); pattern 2, a circumscribed opacity with multiple lucencies (39%); pattern 3, multiple round or oval opacities containing lucencies (8%); and pattern 4, complex uncircumscribed opacity with lucencies (14%). Adjacent pleural thickening, "drainage area disease," and a "tail" sign were common. The initial radiographs of 27 untreated patients with solitary cavitary lesions less than 2 cm in diameter due to M. tuberculosis were studied for comparison. Only 22% had patterns 1-3 and generally showed more extensive adjacent parenchymal disease than cases with M. kansasii. A single circumscribed opacity containing one or more small cavities together with a "tail" sign, "drainage area disease," and little adjacent parenchymal disease is highly suggestive of M. kansasii infection. Since this infection usually requires more vigorous chemotherapy than tuberculosis, awareness of these findings has a practical implication. PMID- 6610308 TI - Imaging in inflammatory disease of the kidney. AB - The evaluation and management of patients with severe persistent urinary tract infection after appropriate antibiotic therapy can be difficult. The first radiologic examination is usually excretory urography, but the findings often are nonspecific. A group of 40 patients was studied to assess the contribution of cross-sectional imaging and included patients with diffuse and focal pyelonephritis, renal abscess, pyonephrosis, and pararenal abscess. Indications for cross-sectional imaging include persistent symptoms despite antibiotics, predisposing "risk factors," suspicion of flank mass on other imaging methods, and no excretion on urography. Percutaneous aspiration and/or drainage for diagnosis and/or treatment can be guided by the cross-sectional imaging methods. PMID- 6610309 TI - Detection of renal calculi: the value of tomography. AB - Two hundred patients were evaluated to determine the sensitivity of tomography in detecting calculous disease of the upper urinary tract. In all cases, patients had routine scout radiographs of the abdomen and five precontrast tomograms of the kidneys. Of the 200 patients, 28 (14%) had renal calculi. Of these, 11 (39%) had either unsuspected or more calculi detected on tomography than seen on abdominal radiographs. Patients with symptoms suggestive of calculous disease should be evaluated with tomography in addition to plain films in order to optimize the detection and the extent of calculous disease involving the urinary tract. PMID- 6610310 TI - New monofilament and soft-wire baskets for stone removal. AB - A new-design basket for stone removal uses a standard Teflon catheter with radially positioned holes at its tip to hold either monofilament or soft wire. The strands are positioned to form a basket that will change in both size and shape simply by advancing or retracting these strands. This basket is much safer, can be changed in size during maneuvering , will transmit instruments for stone fragmentation, and can be advanced over a guide wire. It has been effective both in vitro and in the retrieval of biliary and urinary tract stones in 20 patients, several of which could not be retrieved by standard methods. PMID- 6610311 TI - CT of the hyperdense renal cyst: sonographic correlation. AB - The computed tomographic (CT) appearances of 19 hyperdense renal cysts in nine patients are reported. Sixteen of these cysts were found over a period of only 1 year with state-of-the-art CT equipment. Hyperdense renal cysts are probably more common than suggested by case reports. Their rate of detection can be expected to increase with the wider availability of fast CT scanners using thin collimation. A CT diagnosis of benign hyperdense renal cyst can be made if a lesion meets all of the following criteria: (1) smoothly outlined imperceptible wall with sharp demarcation from the kidney; (2) before intravenous contrast injection, homogeneous internal content with CT numbers 40%-240% higher (70%-240% higher for lesions 10 mm or more in diameter) than renal parenchyma; and (3) after intravenous contrast injection, persistent internal homogeneity and insignificant enhancement (less than 6%) relative to normal renal cortex. For masses exceeding 15 mm in diameter, sonography can be a valuable confirmatory test. PMID- 6610312 TI - Sonographic features of parovarian cysts and their complications. AB - Parovarian cysts have received virtually no attention in the sonography literature, despite a common occurrence, constituting 10%-20% of adnexal tumorlike conditions in pathologic series. The sonographic features of 11 parovarian cysts, including a number with complications, are reported. Six uncomplicated lesions had the appearance of simple cysts found in other organs. One cyst had ruptured, and one lesion was associated with ipsilateral tubal torsion. Two cysts had echogenic areas representing blood clot. One cyst had a triangular papillation representing the development of a serous cystadenofibroma in its wall. This experience differs from previous reports in that there was increased incidence of preoperative recognition of an adnexal mass clinically, lack of identification of a fallopian tube exiting from the lateral aspect of the parovarian cyst and identification of complications sonographically, and the smaller average size of lesions, both clinically and sonographically. Parovarian cysts and their complications should be included in the differential diagnosis of cystic adnexal masses. PMID- 6610313 TI - High-resolution sonography of scrotal contents in asymptomatic subjects. AB - Forty male volunteers with no known intrascrotal pathology by history and physical examination were scanned with a 10-MHz dedicated superficial-parts scanner. Sonographic features of intrascrotal anatomy were reviewed. The testes appeared homogeneous in texture and occasionally contained cysts (8%). The echogenic head of the epididymis, although variable in size and shape, was consistently imaged. Epididymal cystic structures (29%) and calcifications (3%) were occasionally seen. The amount of peritesticular fluid, presence of variococeles , and range of scrotal skin thickness were also noted. An understanding of intrascrotal anatomy in asymptomatic subjects can provide a baseline for the evaluation of the symptomatic scrotum. PMID- 6610314 TI - Computed tomography of the sacral plexus and sciatic nerve in the greater sciatic foramen. AB - The sacral plexus forms the sciatic nerve, which leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen. The anatomic boundaries of the greater sciatic foramen and the relation of the sacral plexus and sciatic nerve to the structures within are identified and described on axial computed tomography (CT). The piriform muscle, which passes through the center of the greater sciatic foramen, is a recognizable landmark that is extremely helpful in locating the sacral plexus and sciatic nerve on CT. The pelvic CT images of 25 patients studied for unrelated reasons and two patients studied for complaints related to the greater sciatic foramen were reviewed. CT was very useful in demonstrating the anatomy of this region and for the investigation of sciatic pain due to lesions outside the neural canal. PMID- 6610315 TI - Evaluation of multiplanar reconstruction in CT recognition of lumbar disk disease. AB - Axial computed tomographic (CT) images were compared with sagittal and coronal reformations and myelograms in 60 patients to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of multiplanar reconstructions for the recognition of lumbar disk disease. The axial CT scans were most sensitive and specific. The sagittal scans were helpful in evaluating the neural foramina, the size of the disk bulge into the spinal canal, especially at L5-S1, and patients with spondylolisthesis. The coronal images were the least informative, although they contributed to the evaluation of lumbar nerve roots. The myelograms and the sagittal images were equally useful in the detection of herniated disk, but axial scans were superior to either. It was concluded that reformatted sagittal and coronal images are not required if all axial images are normal. However, when uncertainty exists or complex anatomy is being evaluated, reformatted images may be helpful, particularly for reassurance. PMID- 6610316 TI - Arthrography in the posttraumatic elbow in children. AB - Radiographic interpretation of children's elbows after trauma can be perplexing because of the large proportion of unossified cartilage relative to bone. The numbers of ossification centers appearing at different ages also complicate the interpretation. This study summarizes arthrographic experience in 10 children who sustained elbow trauma. Nine children had arthrography performed 5-24 months after injury. Seven patients had supracondylar or condylar fractures, one patient had a proximal radial fracture, and two patients had suspected osteochondritis dissecans. Arthrography was useful in delineating the integrity of the joint surfaces and in identifying healed rotated fracture components, cartilaginous spurs, nonunion of unossified fragments, and the normal physis. A small scarred joint and intraarticular loose bodies also were demonstrated. Elbow arthrography, though clearly not indicated for all pediatric elbow trauma, can contribute valuable information in the complex elbow fracture. PMID- 6610317 TI - Sonographic recognition of postoperative meningocele. PMID- 6610318 TI - Sonography of the patellar tendon: preliminary observations. AB - A technique using linear-array real-time sonography was used to study patellar tendon and adjacent muscular injuries. Of 65 subjects examined, normal patellar tendon sonographic anatomy was defined in 32. Of 33 patients with sonographic abnormalities, 15 had pathologic correlation. Two patients had focal degenerative tendonitis, and nine had diffuse dystrophic change. There were three cases of intratendinous hematoma and one of mucoid degeneration. These results demonstrate accurate differentiation of the normal from the abnormal tendon. In many instances, particularly when a focal lesion is present, the sonogram is as or more diagnostic than the radiographic and physical examinations. PMID- 6610319 TI - The snare catheter: a device for placing multiple guide wires. PMID- 6610320 TI - Modern medicine, modern law: lasting values. PMID- 6610322 TI - Magnetic resonance without nuclei? PMID- 6610321 TI - The medical system and radiology in West Germany. PMID- 6610323 TI - Contamination of contrast media by disposable syringes. PMID- 6610324 TI - Radiographic findings in neonatal pneumonia. AB - The chest films of 30 infants with autopsy-proved pulmonary infections were reviewed to assess the radiographic changes in neonatal pneumonia. The most common abnormality identified was bilateral alveolar densities, noted in 77% of cases. One-third of patients had characteristically extensive, dense alveolar changes with numerous air bronchograms. A pattern of radiographic abnormalities consistent with transient tachypnea of the newborn was found in 17% of cases, and a second pattern resembling hyaline membrane disease was found in 13%. Recognition of the spectrum of expected radiographic changes can aid in the diagnosis of neonatal pneumonia, particularly if this information is correlated with the clinical features. PMID- 6610325 TI - Bone changes after rubella vaccination. PMID- 6610326 TI - Sonography of brain tumors in infants. AB - Cranial sonograms of six children with brain tumors (one newborn, four infants, and one 4-year-old child) are presented. In four, sonography showed a large tumor mass and displacement of adjacent structures. In two, the tumors were demonstrated as areas of abnormal brain parenchymal echogenicity without obvious mass effect. Two of the tumors were diffusely echogenic, one was primarily cystic, and three were of mixed echogenicity. Areas of cystic degeneration and calcification within the tumors were well demonstrated. Correlation was made with cranial computed tomography (CT) in all patients; in each case sonography accurately demonstrated the location and extent of the tumor. Since sonography is used as a screening procedure in infants with a large head or an abnormal neurologic examination, sonography may be the first examination to demonstrate the tumor mass. However, since the sonographic features are not specific for neoplasms, further clarification of the process by CT should be recommended. PMID- 6610327 TI - Computed tomography, lymphography, and staging laparotomy: correlations in initial staging of Hodgkin disease. AB - One hundred twenty-one patients with newly diagnosed, previously untreated Hodgkin disease underwent abdominal and pelvic computed tomographic (CT) scanning and bipedal lymphography. These studies were followed by staging laparotomy, which included biopsy of the liver, retroperitoneal and mesenteric lymph nodes, and splenectomy. Correlation of the results of the imaging studies with the histopathologic diagnoses revealed a small--but significant--increased accuracy of lymphography compared with CT in assessing the retroperitoneal lymph nodes. The theoretical advantages of CT scanning in detecting lymphomatous deposits in lymph nodes about the celiac axis and the mesentery, or in the liver and spleen, were not confirmed. In part this was due to the relative incidence and the small size of individual lesions at these sites in patients with Hodgkin disease at the time of initial diagnosis and staging. PMID- 6610328 TI - Plasma catecholamines in pheochromocytoma: effect of urographic contrast media. AB - Hypertensive crises have been provoked in pheochromocytoma patients by the injection of contrast media during angiography and venography. Fear of similar reactions to intravenous urographic contrast medium injection during computed tomography has led to studies without contrast enhancement when pheochromocytoma is suspected. With extraadrenal pheochromocytomas, intravenous contrast enhancement may be essential for tumor location by computed tomography. The catecholamine responses to injection of urographic contrast medium were examined in eight patients with pheochromocytoma and in 12 undergoing computed tomography for other reasons. Plasma norepinephrine concentrations fell in nonpheochromocytoma patients (p less than 0.005), while in pheochromocytoma patients the response was unpredictable, rising in six individuals, although the mean response was not significant (p greater than 0.35). In five patients the magnitude of the increase in norepinephrine concentrations was large enough to have led to a pressor effect had alpha adrenergic blockade not been used. It was concluded that intravenous urographic contrast medium may elevate plasma catecholamines in a significant proportion of patients with pheochromocytoma, but that with adequate alpha adrenergic blockade this should pose no threat. PMID- 6610329 TI - Sonography of the accessory spleen. AB - The sonographic features of 20 accessory spleens in 19 patients are presented. They are round or oval solid structures with their echogenicity similar to that of the main spleen. They are surrounded by high-amplitude interfaces that separate them from adjacent parenchymal organs. Sonographic demonstration of blood supply to the accessory spleens from the splenic artery or vein was diagnostic and was possible in 90% of the cases. Sonography could be used preoperatively in detecting and locating accessory spleens in patients who may need splenectomy for hematologic disease. PMID- 6610330 TI - The dissection sign of nonreducible ileocolic intussusception. AB - A retrospective study of 90 cases of ileocolic intussusception seen over a 5-year period was undertaken to identify features of failed hydrostatic reductions. A new, reliable sign of nonreducible intussusception was found: the dissection sign. Of the 90 cases, 23 demonstrated barium dissecting between the intussusceptum and intussuscipiens ; of those, nine had necrotic bowel found at surgery. All of the 23 cases with dissection failed hydrostatic reduction. Of the 23 patients, 22 were below age 2 years. None of those reduced by barium enema had dissection. The dissection sign on barium enema for ileocolic intussusception is an indication to discontinue hydrostatic reduction and to institute surgical treatment, especially in patients under age 2 years. PMID- 6610331 TI - Bilateral pararenal calcifications resulting from pancreatitis. PMID- 6610332 TI - Portal blood supply of liver metastases. AB - Using Microfil technique, hepatic arteries and portal veins were injected in four human cadaver livers with metastases of different origin. Specimens were dissected under stereomicroscope and vessels supplying the tumor nodules were traced. In all cases, tumor vessels could be filled from the portal side; in three, the supplying portal branches were rather wide. The findings were correlated with histologic sections. PMID- 6610333 TI - Characteristic sonographic features of schistosomal periportal fibrosis. AB - The hepatic sonograms of 22 patients with the features of schistosomal periportal fibrosis (PPF) were reviewed retrospectively. Dense echogenic bands were seen when scanning along the long axis of the intrahepatic portal vein radicles. Rounded densities resulted from scanning across these bands as they radiated from the porta hepatis to the liver's edge. Scanning across central and peripheral bifurcation points of the portal veins produced a branching pattern of high echogenicity. Associated findings were ascites and splenomegaly secondary to the liver disease. The hepatic sonographic features were characteristic of portal tract thickening from schistosomal PPF. PMID- 6610334 TI - Obstructed hepatic duct bifurcation: decompression via single percutaneous tract. AB - A technique for the percutaneous decompression of the obstructed right and left hepatic ducts using a single percutaneous tract was performed successfully on eight patients with bilateral ductal obstruction of various etiologies. Eliminating a second percutaneous drainage procedure when bilobar biliary decompression is indicated results in decreased morbidity, increased patient acceptance, and effective palliation of centrally obstructing lesions of the biliary tract. PMID- 6610335 TI - Diagnosis of giant varix of the coronary vein by pulsed-Doppler sonography. PMID- 6610336 TI - Buoyancy of gallstones in varying concentrations of contrast media. AB - Gallstones from 100 patients were tested for buoyancy in four concentrations of contrast materials commonly used in the biliary tree. In 7 1/2% iodine, fully 68% of the patients' stones floated; in 15% iodine, 82% floated; in 30% iodine, 93% floated; and in 38% iodine, 95% floated. This can lead to confusion with bubbles of air, either when stones are mechanically or hydraulically dislodged or when simple buoyancy of high concentrations of iodine floats stones from their usual location held by accretions and inflammatory reaction in the distal common duct. When floating stones are a problem, as often occurs during percutaneous stone removal, substitution of the most dilute contrast material visible and the use of very low kilovoltage should help in one-fourth of cases. PMID- 6610337 TI - Mesenteric vein thrombosis: CT identification. AB - Superior mesenteric vein thrombosis was identified on computed tomographic scans in six patients. In each case, contrast-enhanced scans showed a high-density superior mesenteric vein wall surrounding a central filing defect. Four of the six patients had isolated superior mesenteric vein thrombosis. A fifth patient had associated portal vein and splenic vein thrombosis, and the sixth patient had associated portal vein and inferior vena cava thrombosis. The diagnosis of superior mesenteric vein thrombosis was confirmed by angiography in two patients and by surgery in a third. One of the six patients had acute ischemic bowel disease. The other five patients did not have acute ischemic bowel symptoms associated with their venous occlusion. This study defines the computed tomographic appearance of mesenteric vein thrombosis. A dense venous wall surrounding a central lucency representing blood clot was present in all six cases. PMID- 6610338 TI - Radiologic features of multinodular lymphoma of the colon. AB - The colon is frequently involved in patients with systemic malignant lymphoma and may be the site of initial clinical presentation. Multiple nodules are one of the manifestations of colonic lymphoma. In an effort to determine the most useful and characteristic features, the radiographic findings in 23 patients with multinodular colonic lymphoma were reviewed. The most characteristic radiographic features were identified: (1) variably sized, smooth, sessile nodules with an average diameter of 7 mm; (2) a cecal mass larger than 3 cm; (3) distortion of the haustra ; (4) incomplete evacuation of barium; and (5) involvement of the stomach, small bowel, or spleen. Less common were irregular, pedunculated, or filiform nodules and occasional umbilication . The differential diagnosis includes gastrointestinal polyposis, benign lymphoid hyperplasia, and inflammatory bowel disease. The radiologist may be the first to suggest the correct diagnosis when lymphoma patients present with multiple colonic nodules. PMID- 6610339 TI - Sonographic demonstration of duodenal obstruction with midgut volvulus. PMID- 6610340 TI - Radiologic recognition of colonic diverticula simulating polyps. AB - The differentiation of colonic polyps and diverticula on the double-contrast barium enema is generally straightforward, using current diagnostic criteria. However, diverticula may be misinterpreted on the double-contrast barium enema as polyps when they appear uncommonly as filling defects within the barium pool. As a result of such erroneous interpretation, the patient may subsequently undergo costly and inconvenient repeat barium enema or colonoscopy. Carefully studied scout films, oblique views, compression spot images, and postevacuation films generally can differentiate these diverticula from polyps. The usual reason that a diverticulum assumes the appearance of a polyp is that it contains impacted stool. PMID- 6610341 TI - Nonspecificity of barium enema findings in acute appendicitis. AB - Barium enema examination is a well known and useful adjunctive technique for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis when its clinical presentation is atypical. The combination of a mass effect on the cecum and nonfilling of the appendix have been considered virtually pathognomonic radiographic findings. These appearances on barium enema examination may also be encountered in patients with small-bowel obstruction, acute enterocolitis, pelvic hemorrhage and adhesions, and pelvic inflammatory disease. In three of five cases, these radiographic findings contributed to the decision to perform laparotomy, at which a histologically normal appendix was removed. The value of the barium enema examination in suspected but atypical acute appendicitis must be tempered by the recognition that occasionally other diseases with acute presentations produce similar findings. PMID- 6610342 TI - Coronary artery bypass grafting. Early and late results in an Alabama community hospital. PMID- 6610343 TI - Pediatric and pregnancy tuberculosis treatment protocols. PMID- 6610344 TI - Nonsurgical treatment of Hemophilus influenzae pericarditis in an adult. PMID- 6610346 TI - Ventricular arrhythmias during exercise testing: mechanism, response to coronary bypass surgery and prognostic significance. AB - To investigate the determinants and prognostic significance of ventricular arrhythmias during exercise testing, 86 patients with such arrhythmias were identified from a consecutive series of 446 patients who underwent treadmill exercise testing and cardiac catheterization. The prevalence of these arrhythmias was 19% in the total group but increased to 30% in the 120 patients with 3-vessel or left main coronary artery disease. Patients with exercise-induced arrhythmias were more likely to have 3-vessel or left main coronary artery disease, a lower resting ejection fraction, greater than or equal to 2 mm of ischemic ST depression and more severe segmental wall motion abnormalities than patients without this finding (p less than 0.05). Repeat exercise testing in 22 patients with exercise-induced arrhythmias after coronary bypass surgery revealed that persistence of these arrhythmias was associated with either severe wall motion abnormalities preoperatively or residual ischemic ST depression during the post operative exercise testing. At a mean follow-up period of 5.3 years, the presence of exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias was not associated with increased cardiac mortality in the medically treated patients. PMID- 6610345 TI - Sensitivity and specificity of nuclear phase analysis versus ejection fraction in coronary artery disease. AB - Phase standard deviation (SD) and skew characteristics of the first Fourier harmonic of equilibrium radionuclide volume curves were examined and compared during rest and during supine bicycle exercise with ejection fraction (EF) changes and the development of ischemia in 17 control subjects and in 2 groups of patients (n = 57) with coronary artery disease (CAD). Group I comprised 37 patients with CAD; IA was a subgroup of 20 patients with previous myocardial infarction (MI) and IB a subgroup of 17 patients with CAD without MI (all with coronary stenosis greater than 75% diameter narrowing). Group II comprised 20 patients with CAD who had undergone coronary bypass surgery. In the Group I subjects, phase SD was the most sensitive indicator of CAD at rest (Group I, 56%; Group IA, 70%, and Group IB, 29%), and the EF was the most sensitive indicator at submaximal (Group I, 78%; Group IA, 86%, and Group IB, 64%) and maximal exercise (Group I, 70%; Group IA, 93%, and Group IB, 53%). When phase SD and skewness were combined with EF changes, little increase in sensitivity occurred in Group I (rest 61%, submaximal exercise 88% and maximal exercise 76%). The results from Group II subgroups were qualitatively similar to those observed with Group I subgroups. These data reveal a marginally improved sensitivity for detection of CAD during supine bicycle radionuclide ventriculography when phase measurements were added to changes in global EF values. PMID- 6610347 TI - Electrophysiologic effects of bepridil in the anesthetized dog studied by endocardiac electrodes. AB - The electrophysiologic effects of bepridil in the anesthetized closed-chest dog were studied with intracardiac electrodes using the extrastimulus technique to measure the refractory periods of atria, atrioventricular (AV) junction and ventricles. Intravenous administration of 5 mg/kg of bepridil caused a reduction in sinus node rate and prolonged the sinus node recovery time. Refractory periods in the atrium, especially the effective refractory period, increased. Anterograde AV nodal conduction was slowed and refractoriness increased, often resulting in AV nodal Wenckebach periods, during atrial pacing, and retrograde conduction was always completely abolished. Refractory periods of the AV junction were altered in a comparable fashion to conduction through the AV node. No significant actions on conduction or the refractory period were noticed in the His-Purkinje system or the ventricle. The mechanism of action of bepridil seems to be correlated to its membrane effects, namely, inhibition of pathways responsible for the slow inward current, which explains its selective action on myocardial sites where this current is particularly involved. PMID- 6610348 TI - Left main equivalence is still an unproved hypothesis but proximal left anterior descending coronary artery disease is a "high-risk" lesion. PMID- 6610349 TI - Progression of atherosclerosis in coronary arteries and bypass grafts: ten years later. AB - Progression of atherosclerosis in aortocoronary saphenous vein grafts is frequent and is the predominant cause of late graft closure after CABG. Only approximately 60% of grafts remain patent between 10 and 12 years after surgery. Of patent grafts, 45% show angiographic evidence of atherosclerosis between 10 and 12 years after surgery and 70% of the atherosclerotic lesions reduce the graft lumen diameter by 50% or more. Atherosclerosis of saphenous vein grafts does not appear to be related to age, sex or cigarette smoking, but is associated with abnormalities of cholesterol lipoprotein fractions. Progression of atherosclerosis in the native coronary arteries is also very significant after CABG. Progression of CAD between 10 and 12 years after surgery occurs in approximately 50% of nongrafted arteries. Between 10 and 12 years after surgery, the rate of progression of disease in nongrafted arteries is not different from that of grafted arteries with patent grafts; however, progression is more frequent in grafted arteries with occluded grafts. The rate of progression is not related to age, sex, risk factors or extent of disease at baseline coronary arteriography. Progression of preexisting stenoses is more frequent than appearance of new stenosis. Progression is related to the severity of the preexisting stenosis only in nongrafted arteries. Finally, progression is related to alterations of left ventricular function during follow-up. Because of these progressive late changes, CABG should probably remain limited to patients with incapacitating anginal symptoms or to those with severe lesions for whom surgery might enhance long-term survival, such as patients with severe left main CAD and 3-vessel CAD. PMID- 6610350 TI - Investigation of drug-related deaths. An overview. AB - Drug-related deaths encompass fatal overdoses, the medical derangements from chronic consumption, and violent death from the alteration of normal behavioral patterns. Determining the extent to which a drug contributed to a death necessitates correlation of all aspects of the death investigation; autopsy and toxicologic findings must be interpreted in the light of antecedent events, medical and social history, and thorough scene investigation. The approach to the medicolegal investigation of drug-related deaths is discussed along with some legal ramifications and certain potential problems of death certification. PMID- 6610351 TI - Malignant melanoma: dependence of site-specific risk on age. AB - Age-specific incidence of melanoma of the trunk and of the limbs increases slowly with age, while incidence of melanoma of the face increases rapidly. This observation has led to speculation that cumulative ultraviolet exposure determines risk for the face, while acute exposure affects the trunk and limbs. However, there have been strong secular trends in melanoma of the trunk and limbs, but not in melanoma of the face. Analysis of incidence data from Connecticut and Denmark shows that steadily increasing rates in successive birth cohorts account entirely for these secular trends and for the differences seen among the cross-sectional age curves of the various sites. Thus, incidence data do not support the hypothesis that melanoma of the face and melanoma of the trunk and limbs involve distinct pathogenic mechanisms. PMID- 6610352 TI - Acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and chronic renal disease. PMID- 6610353 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus presenting as chronic serositis with no demonstrable antinuclear antibodies. AB - Approximately 5 percent of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus by clinical and pathologic criteria have no demonstrable antinuclear antibodies. This figure is likely to be an underestimate, as it does not include the antinuclear antibody negative patients with limited manifestations in whom the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus is missed. A 23-year-old woman is described who had a history of perplexing bilateral pleural effusions with development of peritoneal effusion after 18 months and positive antinuclear antibody results after 22 months. Tissue pathologic features, initially interpreted as nonspecific, on review revealed striking lymphocytic periarteritis with endothelial swelling and leukocytoclastic vasculitis often seen in systemic lupus. A selective defect in the suppression of T cell effector function, such as direct cell-mediated cytotoxicity, with intact suppressor systems for B cell effector function, such as antibody production, can be postulated in this patient. This would explain the active cellular tissue pathology with the lack of prominent antinuclear antibody production. PMID- 6610354 TI - Intestinal vascular ectasia. Improving diagnostic capability poses therapeutic dilemma. AB - A case of gastrointestinal bleeding in a 73-year-old man secondary to vascular ectasia is presented. The use of the 99m technetium-tagged erythrocyte scanning to localize the bleeding site and arteriography to document a vascular malformation strongly suggested this diagnosis. Elective hemicolectomy failed to eliminate bleeding, however. Endoscopic and surgical therapies are available for this condition, but the relative frequency of postoperative rebleeding requires conservatism in recommending surgical excision. PMID- 6610356 TI - Development of quantitative tools for filter-aided dichromats. AB - Historically, there has been little quantitative rationale for the prescription of colored filters for color deficients . A formal prediction of the effects of any filter on dichromat luminance and chromatic discrimination is presented; these predictions were generated by using colorimetric concepts and related derived formulas to create four interactive computer-graphic tools. In addition to predicting performance of presently available commercial filters, such tools can be used to describe, classify, and even design new filters. PMID- 6610355 TI - Possible pseudoresistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin G in a patient with a mixed pneumococcus-Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. AB - We report the case of a 53-year-old woman with a mixed pneumococcus staphylococcus pneumonia, in which both organisms were recovered from both sputum and blood. Streptococcus pneumoniae persisted in sputum 48 hours after initiation of high-dose intravenous penicillin G. When nafcillin was substituted for penicillin G, both pneumococci and staphylococci were eradicated from blood and sputum. This strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae was highly susceptible to penicillin G, but the associated strain of Staphylococcus aureus was not. The staphylococcus produced large amounts of a penicillin -degrading betalactamase . We reviewed the records of ten cases of pneumococcus pneumonia from the Wayne State University-Detroit Medical Center admitted from March 1978 to April 1981, in which sputum cultures were repeated within one to ten days after penicillin G had been initiated. At second cultures of sputum, Streptococcus pneumoniae was recovered in none of these latter cases. We further showed that on a blood agar culture plate in the presence of penicillin G, a beta-lactamase positive strain of Staphylococcus aureus allowed growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Therefore, despite penicillin therapy, Staphylococcus aureus in sputum may facilitate the persistence of Streptococcus pneumoniae. PMID- 6610357 TI - An experimental test of filter-aided dichromatic color discrimination. AB - Using derived formulas for dichromat colorimetry and related computer graphic colorimetric tools, predictions of color discrimination performance are made for a deuteranope and protanope standard observer for each of three commercial color deficiency "treatment" filters. Five deuteranopes and five protanopes then participated in two experiments. They were asked to order the caps of the D-15 test, and in a second experiment arrange color pairs (from the D-15 test) in order of difference. Predictions and subject performance reveal that although X Chrom aided dichromats gain both luminous and chromatic information, all dichromats used predominantly chromaticity information in discrimination tasks. The colorimetric tools correctly predicted that protanopes would derive less useful luminous information from the X-Chrom filter compared with deuteranopes , and correctly predicted an increase in discrimination of blues and purples for both classes of red-green color deficients . PMID- 6610358 TI - Optometric findings in children with cerebral palsy. AB - Optometric examinations of 73 children with normal intelligence but with cerebral palsy revealed a higher than normal incidence of strabismus, significant refractive errors, amblyopia, nystagmus, and optic atrophy. PMID- 6610359 TI - Incidence of oculo-visual anomalies in an adult population of mentally retarded persons. AB - Clinical examination of 298 mentally retarded adults revealed a higher frequency of ocular anomalies of all types than is typical of a group of nonretarded subjects of the same age. It also became apparent that fewer of the mentally retarded had had appropriate optometric care than an equivalent nonretarded sample. The evidence indicates that correcting their ocular problems helps the retarded, yet these subjects receive less than average care. PMID- 6610360 TI - Current status of Crede prophylaxis. AB - The time-honored practice of silver nitrate application to the eyes of newborns is compared to the use of antibiotics. Side effects, effectiveness, and clinical practicality in preventing ophthalmia neonatorum are considered. The inability of prophylactic agents to inhibit several serious pathogens that cause conjunctivitis of the newborn is a factor. Prenatal screening for venereal disease and close observation of the baby's eyes in the postpartum period are additional ways to decrease the incidence of ophthalmia neonatorum. PMID- 6610361 TI - Is the mandible intrinsically different in Apert and Crouzon syndromes? AB - Relative mandibular prognathism is an observed finding in Apert and Crouzon syndromes. This imbalance in the facial profile is generally attributed to the diminished growth of the maxilla, thereby increasing the disparity between maxilla and mandible with increasing age. What is not known is whether the mandible is, indeed, normal. Previous work by Kreiborg with Crouzon syndrome led to the conclusion that the mandible, although somewhat smaller, grew in a "normal" pattern. Our own observations, which used a greater variety of mandibular measurements on patients with both Apert and Crouzon syndromes, corroborated Kreiborg 's conclusions but go further to suggest a syndrome specific mandibular malformation. Ramal height was found equal to the norm and sometimes greater. Mandibular body length was significantly shorter, thereby producing a distinctly different ramus/body length ratio, particularly in older patients. These findings become significant in the planning of reconstructive procedures. They also raise the question as to whether the shape of the mandible is genetic in origin or is an adaptation to the increasing derangements of the cranial base, maxilla, and occlusion observed with maturation in these patients. The possibility of interactive genetic and environmental factors affecting growth of the mandible emerges from the data. PMID- 6610362 TI - Hormone-induced cell death. 2. Surface changes in thymocytes undergoing apoptosis. AB - In vivo, apoptotic cells are swiftly recognized by phagocytes, presumably because of changes on their surface. This article describes surface changes in rat cortical thymocytes undergoing apoptosis induced by glucocorticoid treatment in vitro. Homogeneous populations of thymocytes early in apoptosis were prepared by isopyknic centrifugation. These cells were compared with purified nonapoptotic cells in terms of several surface characteristics, including binding to macrophages, surface ultrastructure, microelectrophoretic mobility (a measure of surface charge density), and ability to bind four lectins and four monoclonal antibodies to thymocyte antigens. Apoptotic cells bound to macrophages more avidly than did nonapoptotic cells by a process not dependent upon serum factors. Their surfaces lost microvilli and became " blistered ," apparently through fusion of vesicles of endoplasmic reticulum with the plasma membrane. The surface charge density of apoptotic cells was less than that of nonapoptotic cells. Surface antigens and lectin-binding sites were less abundant on apoptotic than on normal cells, in proportion to the general reduction in cell size observed in apoptosis. Differences between apoptotic and normal cells were not detected, however, in the relative quantities of exposed galactose, N-acetyl galactosamine, N-acetyl glucosamine, N-acetyl neuraminic acid, or of several surface antigens, including the major sialoglycoproteins of the thymocyte membrane. It appears that although several changes occur in the surface of apoptotic cells, many cell membrane structures remain intact. The changes responsible for the recognition of apoptotic cells by phagocytes are more subtle than those detectable by the binding of lectin and antibody probes, but preliminary data suggest that a lectin sugar interaction is involved. PMID- 6610363 TI - Findings from research on divorce: implications for professionals' skill development. AB - Results from research on divorce are synthesized, and practical implications for the development of conceptual, perceptual, and executive skills for educators, lawyers, mental health clinicians, health care professionals, social policy planners, and the media are presented. An interdisciplinary approach to intervention is proposed, and recommendations for future research on divorce are made. PMID- 6610365 TI - [Enthesopathies]. PMID- 6610364 TI - Surgical treatment of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6610366 TI - Continuous-flow determination of an alpha-amylase inactivator in fermentation samples using a ferricyanide reagent. AB - A continuous-flow system has been developed in which pancreatic alpha-amylase is incubated with soluble starch at 37 degrees C. Reducing sugars being delivered at the "steady-state" hydrolysis of starch are dialyzed into a solution of alkaline ferricyanide. Ferricyanide is then reduced at 95 degrees C. The decrease in the absorbance of ferricyanide solution is recorded as "enzyme baseline." When samples containing alpha-amylase inactivator are introduced into the system, hydrolysis of starch is reduced according to the concentration of enzyme inactivator. The amount of inactivator in the samples is deduced from a standard curve of six standard concentrations using the Technicon Autoanalyzer II system manager in connection with a calculator for automated interpolation. This method allows to determine 40 samples/h with high sensitivity and precision (mean = 1.53 mg/liter; C.V. = 1.4%). PMID- 6610367 TI - The development of specific antibody-containing cells in the spleen of rabbits during the secondary immune response against free or liposome-associated albumin antigen. AB - In order to study the distribution pattern of specific antibody-containing cells in the spleen of rabbits during the secondary immune response, rabbits were given two intravenous injections of either free or liposome-associated human serum albumin (HSA) within an interval of 2 months. Demonstration of specific antibody containing cells was performed by incubation of sections of spleen with HSA horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugates, followed by peroxidase cytochemistry. Specific anti-HSA antibody-containing cells were detected already within 2 days after booster and peak numbers were found 4 days after booster. The bulk of these cells localized in the coaxial lymphocyte sheaths surrounding the terminal arterioles in the spleen. Specific antibody-containing cells were also found in the follicles. Using a double immunoenzyme technique we demonstrated that a majority of the specific antibody-containing cells produced immunoglobulin G(IgG) antibodies. From the results, it is also concluded that, after a priming injection with liposome-associated HSA, liposomes do not further enhance the secondary immune response, when they are also used for the booster injection. PMID- 6610368 TI - Circulatory effects of isoflurane in patients with ischemic heart disease: a comparison with halothane. AB - The circulatory effects of isoflurane (I) were compared with those of halothane (H) in two groups of patients premedicated with morphine and scopolamine and scheduled for coronary artery bypass surgery. Both groups were similar with respect to age, weight, sex distribution, body surface area, left ventricular function, and preoperative dose of propranolol. While the patients were awake and breathing 100% oxygen, cardiac output and related hemodynamics were measured. The patients were then anesthetized by the same anesthesiologist with either isoflurane or halothane plus 50% N2O in O2. Ventilation was controlled to keep PaCO2 within the normal range. Hemodynamic measurements were repeated 10 min after intubation and during surgery 10 min after sternotomy. Heart rate did not change significantly in either group. Arterial blood pressure fell equally during anesthesia and returned toward baseline values during surgical stimulation in both groups. Cardiac output decreased in both groups during anesthesia and surgery. Cardiac output decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) more in the H group during surgery than in the I group. Systemic vascular resistance was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in the I group during anesthesia and surgery. The manner and degree of maximum increases in arterial pressure and heart rate after intubation and the onset of surgical stimulation were similar in both groups. PMID- 6610370 TI - Production of cutaneous analgesia by electroacupuncture in horses: variations dependent on sex of subject and locus of stimulation. AB - Cutaneous pain thresholds to pinprick, pinch, and heat stimuli were quantified during control and electroacupuncture trials in 23 horses. Pain thresholds for 8 areas of the body during control trials (no needles) were statistically compared with pain thresholds measured in the same areas of the same horse when given electroacupuncture treatment. Statistically significant increases of pain threshold were interpreted as induced analgesia and occurred mainly in 5 areas of the trunk, but not in the head or extremities. Analgesic efficacy varied between sexes and among 3 groups of points chosen from Chinese traditional veterinary literature. Analgesia was induced equally well in both castrated males and intact females by the electrostimulation of 5 needles inserted on the gluteal (rump) and lumbar (loins) regions. However, stimulation of 2 needles located only in the gluteal region caused a significant analgesia in females only. In contrast, stimulation of 2 needles located in the thoracic limb was analgesic in males, but infrequently so in females. Therefore, we observed differential analgesia due to an interaction between needle location and sex of subject. PMID- 6610369 TI - [Hemorrhagic complications of anticoagulants (heparin and dicoumarins) in the treatment of deep venous thrombosis. Report of 176 consecutive patients]. PMID- 6610371 TI - Electrical stimulation on skin wound healing in the horse: preliminary studies. AB - The effect of low-level direct-current stimulation on skin wound healing in the horse was assessed. Self-sustaining electrical circuits with electrodes were implanted subcutaneously in or near the wound. Stimulation by direct current (10 or 20 microA) was used to determine the effect on equine skin healing. The efficacy of electrotherapy was evaluated by sequentially comparing the clinical appearance of the wound and measuring the size of the granulating wound bed. The histologic appearance of the healing stimulated wounds was compared with that in nonstimulated control wounds created on 9 horses. Seemingly, electrical stimulation had no discernible effect on experimentally created skin wounds. Clinical observation and histologic examination of the wounds indicated that severe tissue reaction from the implanted electrodes and concurrent local infection produced local detrimental effects to wound healing. PMID- 6610372 TI - Airways responsiveness in a population sample of adults and children. AB - Nonspecific bronchial responsiveness was assessed with eucapneic hyperpnea to subfreezing air in a population-based sample of 134 adults and 213 children in East Boston, Massachusetts. Increased responsiveness was considered to be present if the decrease in forced expiratory volume in one second with cold air divided by the initial vital capacity was greater than 9%. Men and women had similar bronchial responsiveness, but children and young adults (24 yr of age and younger) were significantly more likely to be responders than were older subjects (p less than 0.001). Children with a doctor's diagnosis of asthma at any time in the past were twice as likely (42.9%) to be responders as were nonasthmatic children (19%) (p = 0.004). Ninety-two percent (11/12) of currently active asthmatics were responders. However, a large percentage of asymptomatic children had increased levels of bronchial responsiveness (18.9%). This cross-sectional study demonstrates the feasibility of measurement of nonspecific bronchial responsiveness in epidemiologic studies, and its relationship to age and wheeze symptoms in children. PMID- 6610373 TI - The diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome using subsegmental bronchoalveolar lavage. AB - To assess the sensitivity of bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in diagnosing Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), we prospectively performed 27 bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) in 16 patients either because there was an initially high index of suspicion of PCP or in order to assess therapeutic response to anti-Pneumocystis medication in those patients who had had PCP documented. Pneumocystis organisms were demonstrated on BAL specimens in 16 of 18 procedures in patients with histologic evidence of PCP on simultaneously obtained pulmonary tissue. The diagnosis was established rapidly by BAL and there was no substantial morbidity attributable to the procedure. Subsegmental BAL may be an important and sensitive tool for early diagnosis of PCP in patients with AIDS. PMID- 6610374 TI - The reasons for gastrointestinal consultation after cardiac surgery. AB - Sixty-two (1.10%) of 5719 patients undergoing cardiac surgery between 1976 and 1982 required postoperative gastro-intestinal consultation, and 24 (0.4%) required operation. The major complications were gastrointestinal bleeding due to gastritis in 15, peptic ulcer in ten, and acute cholecystitis in 12. Acute diverticulitis was diagnosed in eight patients. Three patients had massive bowel necrosis, while eight patients had painless jaundice. Six patients had miscellaneous problems requiring consultation. Operative mortality was 10/25 (40%). Most complications occurred within 7 days of cardiac surgery. Seventeen of 62 patients required an intra-aortic balloon pump, and 29/62 had a hypotensive episode during cardiac surgery. Gastro-intestinal complications following cardiac surgery are rare but carry significant mortality. Patients with circulatory compromise and those requiring intra-aortic balloon pump are most likely to develop gastrointestinal complications. Careful monitoring and physical examination of these high-risk patients following cardiac surgery is required for early detection and effective treatment. PMID- 6610375 TI - Intraoperative fiberoptic endoscopy. AB - Conventional endoscopy is an indispensable tool in the diagnosis and management of many patients with gastrointestinal disease. Intraoperative use of the fiberoptic endoscope permits direct visualization of the mucosal surface, eliminating the need for enterotomy in many cases. Over a 4.5-year period, 32 patients underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy during laparotomy for a wide variety of surgical problems. In 15 cases, obscure or unknown sites of upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding were localized. Replacement of percutaneously placed biliary drainage tubes was facilitated in four cases. In three patients artifactual lesions suggested by gastrointestinal (GI) contrast studies were excluded with intraoperative endoscopy at the time of exploratory laparotomy, and in four cases, retained foreign bodies were recovered easily without the need for enterotomy. In six additional patients intraoperative endoscopy was used to localize nonpalpable colon polyps or to determine the extent of mucosal ulceration. The average time for an intraoperative fiberoptic endoscopic examination was 20 minutes. No complications resulted from this technique. In summary, intraoperative fiberoptic endoscopy is of definite value in assessing selected patients with difficult GI surgical problems encountered during laparotomy. This technique enhances the surgeon's ability to identify and treat inaccessible and occult GI lesions. PMID- 6610376 TI - Gastrointestinal bleeding in long-distance runners. PMID- 6610377 TI - Staphylococcus epidermidis mediastinitis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. PMID- 6610378 TI - Short latency vestibular evoked response to acceleration stimuli recorded by skin electrodes. AB - Short latency vestibular evoked response to repetitive acceleration stimuli were recorded by skin electrodes in cats, using electronic filtering and averaging techniques. The evoked response is composed of six to eight waves during the first 10 ms after the stimulus. These are followed by longer latency responses which are myogenic in nature. All of these waves disappear with the animal's death and after excision of both eighth nerves. In recordings from the animal after excision of the eighth nerve on one side, the response patterns of excitation versus inhibition are demonstrated using excitatory and inhibitory acceleration stimuli. The possible generators of the evoked response are discussed in the light of the physiology of the vestibular pathways. PMID- 6610379 TI - [The action of various antiadrenergic substances on the liberation of the growth factor (CSA) for granulo-monocytic lines]. PMID- 6610380 TI - Prevention of peritoneal adhesion formation by fibrin sealant. An experimental study in rats. AB - The preventive effect of rat and human fibrin sealing on intra-abdominal adhesion formation was investigated in 40 rats. Intraperitoneal adhesion formation was induced by excision of 1 X 3 cm of the peritoneal parietalmuscular layer, subsequently closed by interrupted 3-0 silk sutures. A total of 80 defects were allocated to one of four treatments: 1) the defect was covered with human fibrin sealant with the aid of a syringe. 2) the defect was covered with rat fibrin sealant with the aid of a syringe. 3) the defect was covered with human fibrin sealant with the aid of a spray. 4) the defect was not covered (control group). Assessment of the adhesion formation one week postoperatively showed that the median length of adhesions in defects covered with fibrin sealant applied by a syringe (10.5 mm) or by spray (14 mm) was less than that of the control group (25 mm) to a significantly high degree (P less than 0.001). It is concluded that fibrin sealant prevents intraperitoneal adhesion formation in the present rat model. PMID- 6610381 TI - Cross-sectional study of skeletal maturation in normal children from Nottingham and London. AB - The TW2 method (Tanner et al. 1975) was used to evaluate skeletal maturation in 173 children from Nottingham and 120 children from London WC1 . All of the children from Nottingham had hand-wrist injuries and were attending the Accident and Emergency Department of the Children's Hospital, Nottingham. The London children were all a part of a longitudinal growth study, which started in 1952 1953. When compared with the TW2 centiles, the Nottingham children showed retardation, and the London children advancement in skeletal maturation. PMID- 6610382 TI - Vitamin D intake, sunlight exposure and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in the elderly during one year. AB - 3 groups of elderly people (65-80 years) were studied as regards their serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) concentrations, their dietary vitamin D intake and sunlight exposure during 1 year: group 1 (long-stay geriatric patients); group 2 (residents at an old people's home), and group 3 (elderly people living in their own homes). Young adults (30-50 years) served as controls. The 25-OH-D concentration in group 1 was significantly lower during the whole year than in any other group and the concentration in group 2 was significantly lower than in group 3 and the controls. The low 25-OH-D level in the long-stay geriatric patients and in the residents at the old people's home is a consequence of both a low dietary vitamin D intake and a low exposure to sunlight. PMID- 6610383 TI - Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D and normal serum calcium concentrations in Saudi Arabia: Riyadh region. AB - Serum levels of the circulating form of vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and calcium were measured in 104 Saudis, 44 Jordanians , 17 Egyptians and 10 other subjects aged between 18 and 23 years. All subjects were male university students living in Riyadh for more than 2 years. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels were (mean +/- SD) 12.8 +/- 6.3, 11.0 +/- 5.8, 11.9 +/- 6.9 and 11.9 +/- 5.0 ng/ml, respectively. The percentages of subjects with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels below 10 ng/ml were 35, 45, 53 and 50% for normal Saudis, Jordanians , Egyptians and others, respectively. All subjects had normal serum calcium concentrations. There was no correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and serum calcium levels in the subjects investigated. This study indicates a tendency for a low vitamin D status among residents of Saudi Arabia, in spite of abundant sunlight all the year round. PMID- 6610384 TI - Patterns of local cerebral glucose utilization determined in Parkinson's disease by the [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose method. AB - [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose scans were performed on 9 patients with Parkinson's disease and 14 normal subjects. Five patients were restudied after an interval of 3 to 4 years. We found no selective metabolic change in striatum, where dopamine deficit is known to be greatest, in affected patients; cerebral glucose metabolism was reduced uniformly throughout the parkinsonian brain (average 18% decrease). With increased severity of bradykinesia and the development of mild to moderate dementia, global brain metabolism in Parkinson's disease decreased further. In one moderately demented patient with Parkinson's disease, severe parietal cortex hypometabolism was found, similar to that seen in Alzheimer's disease. In contrast, mildly to moderately demented patients with Huntington's disease have marked caudate hypometabolism, but cerebral glucose metabolism is normal elsewhere. It appears that in addition to the well-known neurotransmitter loss in the nigrostriatal system, there is an abnormal metabolic process involving neurons throughout the parkinsonian brain. PMID- 6610385 TI - In vitro activity of U-63196E, a new cephalosporin, against clinical bacterial isolates. AB - The in vitro activity of U-63196E, a new cephalosporin, was compared with those of other extended-spectrum cephalosporins and penicillins against clinical bacterial isolates. Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the activity of U-63196E was comparable to those of cefoperazone and piperacillin, each of which inhibited 90% of strains at concentrations of less than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml. The new drug also demonstrated activity against a variety of other bacterial species, but it was generally less active than cefotaxime, moxalactam, and cefoperazone against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and staphylococci. The presence of any 1 of 10 plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases in a series of otherwise isogenic laboratory strains of P. aeruginosa resulted in a significant reduction in the activity of U-63196E in comparison with its activity against the parent strain, which lacks these enzymes. Combinations of U-63196E with tobramycin demonstrated bacteriostatic synergism against 11 of 20 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. PMID- 6610386 TI - Subinhibitory concentrations of imipenem induce increased resistance to methicillin and imipenem in vitro in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Methicillin-resistant (MR) Staphylococcus aureus that was susceptible to less than 0.75 micrograms of imipenem per ml demonstrated inducible resistance. MR S. aureus preincubated with 0.05 microgram of imipenem per ml grew in medium with an imipenem concentration of 32 micrograms/ml, and methicillin MICs increased 20 fold. Non-MR S. aureus exhibited no induction. Preincubation with methicillin produced no effect. Induction appeared to be a unique interaction of imipenem with MR S. aureus. PMID- 6610387 TI - Enhanced efficacy of the acyclic nucleoside 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2 propoxymethyl)guanine in combination with beta-interferon against herpes simplex virus type 2 in mice. AB - The acyclic nucleoside 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2- propoxymethyl )guanine (DHPG) and natural mouse interferon beta ( MuIFN -beta) were evaluated for their efficacy alone and in combination against herpes simplex virus type 2 systemic infections in mice. Intraperitoneally infected animals were treated once a day with the drugs at various concentrations for 5 days starting 24 h after inoculation. DHPG was injected subcutaneously at doses of 0.7 to 6 mg/kg. MuIFN -beta was given intraperitoneally at doses ranging from 3 X 10(3) to 3 X 10(4) IU per mouse. For DHPG alone, the effective dose at which 50% of the mice survived (ED50) was greater than 6 mg/kg. However, when given in combination with an ineffective dose of MuIFN -beta (10(4) IU per mouse), the ED50 for DHPG was 0.8 mg/kg. In addition, at the highest dose tested, MuIFN -beta alone had no protective activity against herpes simplex virus type 2 (ED50, greater than 3 X 10(4) IU per mouse). However, when given in combination with a marginally effective dose of DHPG (2 mg/kg), the ED50 for MuIFN -beta was less than 3 X 10(3) IU per mouse. Calculation of the fractional protective dose index (less than 0.23 where values of less than or equal to 0.5 are considered synergistic) indicates an enhanced protective interaction by the combination of the two drugs. These results represent the first time that potentiation of the antiviral activity of an acyclic nucleoside by interferon has been demonstrated in animal studies. PMID- 6610388 TI - Development of resistance to cephalosporins in clinical strains of Citrobacter spp. AB - The predominant beta-lactam antibiogram of Citrobacter freundii resembles that of Enterobacter cloacae in demonstrating resistance to cephalothin and cefoxitin with susceptibility to the newer cephalosporins. Four representative strains of C. freundii were reversibly induced to high-level beta-lactamase production by cefoxitin, and mutants with stable, high-level production were selected with cefamandole. The mutants were resistant to several second- and third-generation cephalosporins. Comparisons of isoelectric points and substrate profiles of beta lactamases from wild-type, induced wild-type, and mutant organisms suggested a close relationship to those from E. cloacae and indicated that C. freundii mutants, like those of E. cloacae, were derepressed for production of beta lactamase. One primary isolate of C. freundii resembled the mutants in all characteristics. In contrast, most strains of Citrobacter diversus were susceptible to all cephalosporins, and two representative strains showed neither inducible nor mutational resistance. Cefoxitin induction to enhanced beta lactamase production was demonstrated in a cephalothin-resistant isolate, and a derepressed mutant was selected with cefotaxime. The beta-lactamase from this C. diversus strain differed substantially in substrate profile from that of E. cloacae and C. freundii. PMID- 6610390 TI - Spinal cord stimulation in peripheral vascular pain. AB - Results in 12 patients suffering from pain due to peripheral vascular pathology and treated with spinal neurostimulation are reported. The best results were obtained in stage III of vascular disease; however, our results indicate that regression of the pain symptom and healing of trophic lesions do not always correspond to any variation in blood flow. PMID- 6610389 TI - In vitro activity of fludalanine combined with pentizidone compared with those of other agents. AB - The in vitro activity of fludalanine ( MK641 ) combined with pentizidone ( MK642 ) so as to give a fludalanine /D-cycloserine ratio of 1:1 was compared with the activities of ampicillin, ticarcillin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, and trimethoprim against 452 recent isolates and known beta-lactam- and trimethoprim-resistant strains. In addition, the in vitro activity of fludalanine - pentizidone on four different media, including a defined medium ( DFN -2), was studied. The MIC of fludalanine - pentizidone against 90% of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Providencia stuartii, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Staphylococcus aureus, and fecal streptococci was 4 micrograms or less per ml on DFN -2, and activity was somewhat reduced on the other media. Proteus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (90% MIC, less than or equal to 64 micrograms/ml) and Bacteroides spp. (90% MIC, 16 micrograms/ml) were less susceptible. Generally, fludalanine - pentizidone was less active than ceftazidime and comparable in activity to cefuroxime. beta-Lactamase-producing and trimethoprim-resistant strains tended to be susceptible to fludalanine - pentidizone . In the absence of human serum, the MBC of fludalanine - pentizidone was similar to the MIC. In the presence of increasing concentrations of human serum, there tended to be a greater difference between the MIC and MBC. PMID- 6610391 TI - Polymorphous light eruption. A seven-year follow-up evaluation of 114 patients. AB - Of 138 patients with polymorphous light eruption originally investigated in 1972, one hundred fourteen were contacted seven years later (1979), and 47 subjected to a clinical and laboratory reevaluation. Sixty-four of the 114 patients (57%) described a diminution of sun-related skin complaints, including 12 patients who reported a total freedom from sun sensitivity during the previous two years. In contrast, two patients who in 1972 had claimed temporary freedom from sun sensitivity had again noted their reactions to sunlight by 1979. In five of 43 cases examined at uninvolved skin sites, weak (1+) positive direct immunofluorescence staining for basement membrane zone immunoglobulins was reported by both laboratories employed in this study. Low or moderate antinuclear antibody serum titers were found in nine patients. No patient, however, met diagnostic criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6610392 TI - Haemophilia and T lymphocyte subsets. PMID- 6610393 TI - Selective variceal decompression after splenectomy or splenic vein thrombosis. With a note on splenopancreatic disconnection. AB - Eight patients have had selective variceal decompression after a splenectomy or splenic vein thrombosis with successful control of bleeding. The principle veins utilized in these patients, either alone or in combination, were: (a) the splenic remnant, (b) the coronary, (c) the gastroepiploic, and (d) an inferior mesenteric that joined the splenic. High quality preoperative angiography is essential but operative exploration is often required to assess fully the possible shunt options. Simple splenectomy for thrombocytopenia in portal hypertension is rarely justifiable and creates far more problems than it solves. Complete splenopancreatic disconnection extends the selective shunt concept. PMID- 6610394 TI - Clinical, hemodynamic, and operative descriptors affecting outcome of aortic valve replacement in elderly versus young patients. AB - One hundred and fifty-two patients age 70 years or more underwent aortic valve replacement (AVR) at Emory University Hospital between July 1, 1974 and July 1, 1982. Of these, 98 had isolated AVR (elderly AVR group) and 54 had concomitant coronary artery bypass grafts (elderly AVR/CABG group). Results of surgery in these patients were compared to results in patients aged 20 to 69 years operated on in the same period (young AVR/CABG groups). Comparative descriptors with statistically significant differences included a higher incidence of both stable and unstable angina in patients undergoing concomitant CABGs ; less cardiomegaly in the young AVR/CABG group; less hypertension, a higher incidence of pure aortic regurgitation, and less frequent use of inotropes in the young AVR group; a higher perioperative stroke rate in elderly AVR/CABG patients; a higher perioperative psychosis rate in patients having CABGs regardless of age; and a longer postoperative hospital stay for the elderly patients. There were no significant differences between the four groups for the following descriptors: sex ratio; history of congestive heart failure; the presence of atrial fibrillation; left ventricular end diastolic pressure, ejection fraction and contractility; number of diseased coronary arteries; number of vessels bypassed; use of the intra-aortic balloon pump; re-exploration for hemorrhage; perioperative myocardial infarction rate; and major wound infection rate. Operative mortality was 5.1% for the elderly AVR group, 5.6% for the elderly AVR/CABG group, 1.9% for the young AVR group, and 5.1% for the young AVR/CABG group (p = NS). Overall, hospital mortality was 3.3%. Actuarial survival curves for all elderly versus all young patients showed no significant difference. The curve for elderly patients compares favorably with the actuarial survival of the same age group in the general population. Actuarial survival curves for the four subgroups did not differ significantly when compared at a follow-up of 36 months after surgery. We conclude that AVR with or without concomitant CABGs can be performed in elderly patients with an acceptably low mortality and morbidity, and the postoperative survival compared favorably both with younger patients and with the general population of the same age. PMID- 6610395 TI - Comparison of dopamine and dobutamine therapy during intraaortic balloon pumping for the treatment of postcardiotomy low-output syndrome. AB - Treatment of postcardiotomy low-output syndrome includes intraaortic balloon pumping (IABP), volume loading, pharmacological afterload reduction, and stimulation with an inotropic agent. This study compares the effectiveness of combined nitroprusside and dopamine therapy and nitroprusside and dobutamine therapy in 12 patients requiring IABP postoperatively. Serial hemodynamic measurements were made before and during infusion of nitroprusside and after administration of the combined therapy (N = 6 in each group). Prior to pharmacological therapy, cardiac index was 1.47 +/- 0.31 L/min/m2 and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) was 3,114 +/- 1,350 dynes sec cm-5 in patients subsequently given dopamine, and 1.59 +/- 0.38 L/min/m2 and 2,661 +/- 405 dynes sec cm-5, respectively, in those given dobutamine. With infusion of nitroprusside, both groups showed significant reduction in SVR. Nitroprusside plus either inotropic agent resulted in augmentation of cardiac index and an additional reduction in SVR, both changes being greater in the group given dopamine. Larger doses of dobutamine than dopamine were needed to achieve similar hemodynamic improvement. We conclude that the addition of an inotropic agent to vasodilator therapy during IABP results in a greater increase in cardiac index and a greater decrease in afterload than a vasodilator alone. In addition to its beneficial effect on renal perfusion at the dose required to effect these improvements, dopamine appears a better inotropic agent than dobutamine for postcardiotomy low-output syndrome. PMID- 6610396 TI - Approach in the management of atrial myxoma with long-term follow-up. AB - Between 1972 and 1982, 9 patients underwent successful excision of atrial myxomas at the Upstate Medical Center. Eight patients had a left atrial myxoma and 1 a biatrial myxoma. There were 5 female and 4 male patients ranging from 16 to 63 years of age. Preoperative findings consisted of cerebral or peripheral emboli, congestive heart failure, and nonspecific symptoms. Diagnosis was confirmed by echocardiography and angiography in all but 1 patient. A biatrial operative approach was utilized in all patients except 1. Complete excision of the tumor with a cuff of normal tissue was performed. All heart chambers were carefully explored for presence of multicentric myxomas or tumor debris. There were no operative deaths or intraoperative embolizations. Follow-up has been 1 1/2 to 11 years. There has been 1 late noncardiac death. All patients underwent echocardiography postoperatively with no recurrence. The risk of intraoperative embolization and late recurrence is minimal with the biatriotomy technique. Two dimensional echocardiography is extremely accurate in early diagnosis of myxomas and in the late follow-up of patients. PMID- 6610397 TI - AVR and coronary bypass. PMID- 6610398 TI - Studies in homosexual patients with and without lymphadenopathy. Relationships to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - We studied the immunologic function of 19 sexually active homosexual men, ten of whom had persistent lymphadenopathy. Analysis of mononuclear cell populations distinguished homosexuals from heterosexual controls since, as a group, homosexuals had increased percentages of natural killer cells (Leu 7+), decreased helper-inducer T lymphocytes (OKT-4+), increased suppressor/cytotoxic (OKT-8+) T lymphocytes, low OKT-4:OKT-8 ratios, and depressed mitogenic responses. Homosexuals without lymphadenopathy were distinguishable from controls by increased percentages of Ia+ cells, decreased OKT-4+ cells, and decreased OKT 4:OKT-8 ratios. Four had positive findings simultaneously for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and surface antibody, and five had positive findings for HBsAg alone. Homosexuals with lymphadenopathy were distinguishable from controls by increased percentages of Leu 7+ cells, increased total lymphocyte numbers per cubic millimeter, decreased percentages of both OKT-4+ and OKT-8+ cells, abnormal OKT-4:OKT-8 ratios, and depressed mitogenic responses. Only histories of larger numbers of sexually acquired diseases, higher numbers of OKT-8+ cells per cubic millimeter, and lower mitogenic responses in homosexuals with lymphadenopathy distinguished this group from homosexuals without lymphadenopathy. Furthermore, none of the nine patients tested in this group was HBsAg positive. We conclude that homosexuals without lymphadenopathy are distinguishable from those with lymphadenopathy by both immunologic and serologic abnormalities. PMID- 6610399 TI - Endoscopic laser therapy for gastrointestinal disease. AB - As recently as 1981, less than 12 medical centers in the United States were using lasers for the treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) disease. Now they are being used in more than 200 American medical centers and the number is increasing. There are several causes for this increase: (1) the applications for the treatment of GI disease have expanded; (2) they are relatively easy to use; (3) they can be cost-effective if the same laser can be used by more than one subspecialty; and (4) lasers may provide therapeutic options where limited ones previously existed. In the past six months, the Food and Drug Administration ruled that lasers were no longer classified as investigational devices for certain GI applications (eg, upper GI bleeding or obstructing esophageal neoplasms). Most importantly, in most instances, they have been safe and effective. With the technology related to lasers and endoscopes advancing to rapidly, an even greater use of lasers for the field of GI disease, in specific, and medicine, in general, can be anticipated. PMID- 6610400 TI - Altered T-lymphocyte subsets in hospitalized intravenous drug abusers. AB - Baseline immunologic abnormalities were identified in 16 hospitalized intravenous drug abusers ( IDAs ) without acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Twelve (75%) of 16 had inverted helper-suppressor ratios. In seven patients (44%), the abnormal ratio resulted from an increase in the absolute number of suppressor cells with a normal number of helper T lymphocytes. In five patients (31%), the reduced ratio resulted primarily from decreased helper cells, immunophenotypic findings similar to those seen in patients with AIDS. These findings are similar to what has been noted in other groups at risk for AIDS. Longitudinal follow-up as well as studies of "healthy" IDAs are required to understand the prognostic implications of these data. PMID- 6610401 TI - Perfluorocarbon infusion in bleeding patients refusing blood transfusions. AB - Six severely anemic surgical patients who refused blood products were treated with a perfluorochemical (PFC) emulsion (Fluosol-DA 20%). When these patients received high inspired oxygen concentrations, the emulsion resulted in moderate increases of arterial oxygen content but considerable increases of oxygen consumption, suggesting improved microcirculatory oxygen distribution. The mean +/- SD percentages of consumed oxygen transported by dissolved oxygen in PFC and PFC plus plasma emulsions were 22% +/- 5% and 60% +/- 12%, respectively. Several adverse clinical effects were seen, however, including transient decreases in leukocyte counts, hypotension, and abnormal hepatic and pulmonary function. PMID- 6610402 TI - The ischemic exercise test in patients with peripheral vascular disease. Implications for management. AB - We observed myocardial ischemia in 135 of 808 patients undergoing routine ECG monitored treadmill tests before vascular reconstructive operations. Postoperative infarction incidence was 27% among 56 patients who had operations regardless of test results. When patients had a lesser procedure, such as extra anatomic bypass, infarction incidence decreased to 17% (not statistically significant). Ten patients having staged aortocoronary and peripheral reconstruction had no myocardial infarctions postoperatively or during follow-up of up to five years. Of 37 patients asymptomatic for coronary artery disease who had normal ECGs at rest, 24% of those undergoing a standard intra-abdominal operation suffered myocardial infarctions. At present, such asymptomatic but high risk patients can be identified only by routine ECG stress testing or coronary angiography. Patients with an ischemic response to exercise have the best chance for long-term survival through staged coronary and vascular reconstruction. PMID- 6610403 TI - [Effect of lipoproteins on B cell proliferation and differentiation]. PMID- 6610404 TI - [Combination of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome with diabetes mellitus]. AB - One case of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, associated with diabetes mellitus and pancreatic islet D-cells hyperplasia is described. D-cells were identified due to their characteristic fine structure of secretory granules. The diagnostic value of the ultrastructural investigation using autopsy and paraffin embedded materials as well as complex examination of gastroenteropancreatic system is pointed out. PMID- 6610405 TI - Anterior segment resection because of Fusarium solani keratitis and endophthalmitis. PMID- 6610406 TI - Keratoconus with pellucid marginal corneal degeneration. AB - Examination of 1,625 Japanese patients with keratoconus and 20 patients with pellucid marginal corneal degeneration showed that 17 patients with pellucid degeneration also had keratoconus in the central portion of the cornea. Three patients with pellucid degeneration without keratoconus showed bilateral involvement. Among the 17 cases of pellucid degeneration with keratoconus, eight patients showed bilateral involvement and the others showed unilateral involvement. Pellucid marginal corneal degeneration with or without keratoconus may be a variant of keratoconus or a different manifestation of the same etiologic factor. PMID- 6610407 TI - Abnormalities of cone photopigments in genetic carriers of protanomaly. AB - Anomaloscopic color matching was performed in 57 protanomalous boys. The relative luminous efficiencies of their mothers were measured by flicker photometry to clarify the characteristics of protanomaly carriers. The sensitivity loss of protanomaly carriers in the long wave-length region had a highly significant correlation with the anomalous quotients ( AQs ) of their protanomalous sons. This correlation means that both the luminous efficiencies of the protanomaly carriers and the AQs of their sons are determined by the same "anomalous" cone pigments. PMID- 6610408 TI - Auditory brain-stem response and hearing threshold in cerebellopontine angle tumours. AB - The auditory brain-stem responses (ABR) in 19 patients with confirmed cerebellopontine angle tumours are evaluated in relation to the hearing threshold as obtained by pure-tone audiometry. ABR pathological alterations, in terms of either absence or presence of components, appear to relate to the suprathreshold stimulus intensity and to match the changes which can be observed in subjects with normal hearing, when stimulated at the equivalent suprathreshold intensity. Of the diagnostic indexes considered (I-V interval, IT5, delta V), IT5 and delta V could be evaluated in the largest patient population. They may be used in combination to enhance their sensitivity in retrocochlear lesion detection. PMID- 6610409 TI - Serum bactericidal effect on capsulated and non-capsulated Haemophilus influenzae in chronic sinusitis. AB - Study on the incidence of bactericidal (BC) antibodies to a Haemophilus influenzae type b and a non-capsulated H. influenzae was carried out on sera from 50 healthy subjects, and from 30 patients with chronic sinusitis. Of the 50 sera from normal subjects, only one (2.0%) lacked BC antibodies to the H. influenzae type b, whereas 13 (26.0%) lacked BC antibodies to the non-capsulated H. influenzae. All of the 30 sera from patients with chronic sinusitis were bactericidal for the H. influenzae type b, whereas only three (10.0%) lacked BC antibodies to the non-capsulated H. influenzae. Specific IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies to the non-capsulated H. influenzae in serum were determined by the indirect fluorescent antibody assay. Of the 22 sera tested in this study, 15 (68.0%) had antibodies of at least the IgG, IgM, or IgA classes; with IgG occurring most often. These data suggest that a lack of circulating BC antibodies to both H. influenzae isolates is not associated with the chronic carriage of these organisms by patients with chronic sinusitis. PMID- 6610410 TI - Epidemiology of preeclampsia and eclampsia. PMID- 6610411 TI - Prognostic factors related to survival and complication-free times in airmen medically certified after coronary surgery. AB - This study was designed to identify prognostic factors for survival and complication-free times among airmen who had regained their medical certificate after coronary bypass surgery. Airmen who had petitioned the Federal Aviation Administration for a special issuance of medical certification to fly because they have had coronary bypass surgery were identified and followed retrospectively from 1970 to the end of 1980. There were 261 airmen in the study population. Demographic, medical, and prognostic information were collected on each airmen before and after surgery. Univariate and multivariate statistical methods were used in analysing the data. From the univariate analysis, presurgery diastolic blood pressure and coffee history, and postsurgery coffee history were identified as being related to complication-free time. Diagnosis for surgery, smoking history, and development of complications were identified as being related to survival after coronary bypass surgery. From the multivariate analysis, four prognostic factors: postsurgery serum cholesterol, number of grafts, postsurgery serum triglyceride, and postsurgery alcohol history were identified for complication-free time. It was concluded that using pre- and post surgery information can help determine the long term survivors and those who will stay complication-free 11 years after coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 6610412 TI - Involvement of the telencephalic hemispheres and the preoptic area in sexual behavior of the male goldfish, Carassius auratus: a brain-lesion study. AB - To locate the brain areas involved in sexual behavior, the effects on male sexual behavior of localized electrolytic lesions in various parts of the telencephalic hemispheres and the preoptic area and of gross ablations of parts of the telencephalic hemispheres were examined in goldfish. All three patterns of male sexual behavior examined (following, butting , and spawning) were severely impaired after bilateral lesions confined to the area ventralis telencephali pars supracommissuralis and/or posterior parts of the area ventralis telencephali pars ventralis (Vs- pVv ), the nucleus preopticus periventricularis (NPP), the lateral forebrain bundle ( LFB ), or the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). On the other hand, sexual behavior was almost unaffected after bilateral ablations of the anterior part or lateral and dorsal parts of the telencephalic hemispheres (AT or LT-DT). Bilateral lesions confined to the area ventralis telencephali pars dorsalis (Vd), the area ventralis telencephali pars postcommissuralis (Vp), the area dorsalis telencephali pars centralis (Dc), the nucleus preopticus (NPO), or the lateral preoptic area (LPA) also had almost no effect on sexual behavior. These results indicate that a particular site in the ventral part of the telencephalic hemispheres (Vs- pVv ) and the anterior part of the preoptic area (NPP) play important roles in the sexual behavior of male goldfish. It was suggested that facilitatory influences from these areas are transmitted through the LFB and/or the MFB. PMID- 6610413 TI - The role of brain stimulation priming effects in self-deprivation. AB - Choice of brain stimulation reward (BSR) over biologically necessary substances in some self-stimulating animals is referred to as self-deprivation. In several recent papers, it has been argued that this phenomenon is produced by the rewarding aspects of the brain stimulation. This conclusion is partially based on data showing that self-deprivation and brain stimulation reward increase and decrease in a similar manner in response to changes in the brain stimulation parameters. However, the priming aspects of the brain stimulation also fluctuate with changes in stimulation parameters. Therefore, changes in the priming rather than the rewarding aspects of the brain stimulation could be responsible for self deprivation. To determine whether the priming effects of brain stimulation play an important role in self-deprivation, rats with bipolar stimulating electrodes were given the choice between BSR and food. Time-outs were enforced within each BSR/food competition session. Since priming effects decay over time, increasing time-out length should have decreased self-deprivation due to decay of priming. It was found that time-out length did not affect the degree of self-deprivation. It was concluded that self-deprivation is not mediated by the priming aspects of brain stimulation. PMID- 6610415 TI - Purification to apparent homogeneity of a thymocyte specific growth factor from calf thymus. AB - A thymic peptide previously found to recruit thymocytes from G1 into S phase has been purified from a crude thymic extract by subsequent steps of gel exclusion chromatography and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The purified material, which appeared homogeneous on thin-layer chromatography and HPLC, stimulated the DNA synthesis of cultured guinea pig thymocytes in a nanomolar concentration range. The amino acid composition revealed a high content of acidic amino acids and no apparent homology to previously defined growth factors and thymus differentiation hormones. PMID- 6610414 TI - Role of some components of ischemia in the genesis of spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias. AB - The importance of single components of ischemia including hypoxia, lactic acidosis, high potassium, and sympathetic stimulation to the spontaneous occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias was studied in chloralose-anesthetized cats using systemic and local intracoronary administration. Hypoxia and acidosis provoked no spontaneous arrhythmias regardless of systemic or regional administration. Systemic or local hyperpotassemia induced regularly ventricular ectopic activity including recurrent ventricular tachycardias that were characterized by a sudden onset and termination and by a stable rate. Stimulation of the left, right or bilateral stellate ganglia failed to provoke ventricular arrhythmias during hypoxia or acidosis and had also no influence on the initiation or rate of K+-induced ventricular tachycardias. The results indicate that high extracellular K+ may be the predominant arrhythmogenic factor of the components of ischemia we studied and that sympathetic ganglia stimulation does not affect K+-induced ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 6610416 TI - Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate releases Ca2+ from intracellular store sites in skinned single cells of porcine coronary artery. AB - Effects of inositol 1,4,5- trisphosphate , extracted from human erythrocyte ghosts, on Ca2+ release from intracellular store sites were studied in saponin treated single muscle cells of the porcine coronary artery. Application of micromolar concentrations of inositol 1,4,5- trisphosphate released Ca2+ from the intracellular non-mitochondrial store sites, within 1 min. However, when the concentrations of free Ca2+ were over 1.5 X 10(-6) M, the release of Ca2+ by this agent was inhibited. The Ca2+ releasing mechanism differed from that seen with A23187, therefore this release of Ca2+ from store sites was not due to Ca2+ ionophore actions. This agent may play the role of messenger in increasing the cytosolic Ca2+, provoking pharmaco-mechanical coupling, and thus producing the contraction. PMID- 6610417 TI - Inositol (1,4,5)trisphosphate-promoted Ca2+ release from microsomal fractions of rat liver. AB - Crude mitochondrial fractions containing a substantial amount of microsomes accumulate Ca2+ in the presence of ATP, ruthenium red and oligomycin. A proportion of this accumulated Ca2+ is released by the addition of low concentrations (ca. 1 microM) of inositol (1,4,5) trisphosphate . Under some conditions the release is transient, and evidence is presented which suggests that this is due to inhomogeneity in the vesicle population. (1,4,5)inositol trisphosphate -induced Ca2+ release can also be demonstrated, under appropriate experimental conditions, in a more purified microsomal fraction essentially free of mitochondria. PMID- 6610418 TI - Tumoricidal activation of murine alveolar macrophages by muramyldipeptide substituted mannosylated serum albumin. AB - Rat and mouse alveolar macrophages have almost no spontaneous tumoricidal activity and are only slightly activated by muramyldipeptide (MDP). When MDP was carried by serum albumin, the activation was higher than with free MDP but only at high concentration. When MDP was bound to a neoglycoprotein (mannosylated serum albumin) - which binds to the sugar binding receptor at the macrophage cell surface and is actively endocytosed - the activation of rat or mouse alveolar macrophages is dramatically enhanced even at very low concentration of neoglycoprotein -bound MDP. Furthermore, neoglycoprotein -bound MDP injected i.v. or i.p. was found to be able to activate alveolar macrophages, the activity of which was maximal after 48 hours in mice and 72 hours in rats. Such conjugates have so potential values as new immunostimulant agents in cancer and parasite therapy. PMID- 6610419 TI - An enzymatic kinetic method for the determination of 2'-deoxycoformycin in biological fluids. AB - An analytical method for determination of 2'-deoxycoformycin (2'-DCF) concentrations in plasma and urine was developed based upon a modification of adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibition assays described in the literature. The method involves the spectrophotometric monitoring of the rate of deamination of adenosine by the enzyme in the presence of various concentrations of the inhibitor 2'-DCF, and relating the deamination rate to the 2'-DCF concentration. In the course of developing the method, it was found that adenosine deaminase appears to lose activity after dilution with phosphate buffer (pH 7.2). Enzyme inactivation was found to occur mono-exponentially with time and, in order to accommodate for this inactivation, a method was developed for quantitating 2'-DCF which takes into consideration the relative activity of the enzyme in the incubation mixtures. The results obtained from the analysis of samples containing known concentrations of 2'-DCF were fitted to a three-dimensional standard surface by means of a nonlinear least-squares regression computer program. Quantitation of 2'-DCF in patient samples is accomplished by an ADA inhibition titration technique in which the spectrophotometrically determined absorbance change is related to the two independent variables, the concentration of 2'-DCF in the standards and the relative time of the analysis. As little as 1 ng/ml of 2'-DCF in plasma can be quantitated with the assay. PMID- 6610420 TI - Repeated administration of N-methyl-4-phenyl 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine to rats is not toxic to striatal dopamine neurones. AB - N-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine ( MPTP ) (10 mg/kg/day i.p.) was administered to rats for 16 days, which were then observed for a further 9-11 days. MPTP administration did not alter spontaneous locomotor activity or amphetamine (2.5 mg/kg ip)-induced locomotion. Apomorphine (0.25 mg/kg sc) did not alter locomotion in control rats but increased activity in MPTP treated animals. The stereotyped response to apomorphine (0.25 mg/kg sc) and amphetamine (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg ip) was unaltered by MPTP administration. The striatal content of dopamine, HVA and DOPAC was unaltered by MPTP intake. The uptake of [3H]dopamine and [3H] 5HT in striatal synpatosomes was not changed by MPTP . The results suggest that MPTP , in the dose used, is not toxic to nigro-striatal dopamine neurones in the rat. This contrasts with its neurotoxic actions in monkeys and man. PMID- 6610421 TI - Selective induction of renal microsomal cytochrome P-450-linked monooxygenases by 1,1-dichloroethylene in mice. AB - Intraperitoneal administration of a single dose of 1,1-dichloroethylene (DCE) to C57 B1/6N mice (125 mg/kg) caused a selective 6- to 10-fold increase in renal microsomal 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase ( EROD ) and 7-ethoxycoumarin O deethylase ( ECOD ), without affecting benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activity (AHH) or total microsomal cytochrome P-450 content. The observed increases did not result from in vitro activation of the enzymes or from any analytical artifact. Moreover, studies with actinomycin D and cycloheximide demonstrated that the increases resulted from de novo enzyme synthesis. Maximal enzyme induction was observed after a DCE dose of approximately 125 mg/kg, and the induced enzyme decayed rapidly, returning to control levels in about 3 days. Compared to female mice, male mice had higher basal levels of renal EROD and ECOD and were more responsive to the inductive effects of DCE; this correlated with corresponding differences in microsomal cytochrome P-450 levels. Starvation of mice for 24 or 48 hr increased renal EROD and ECOD activities in both male and female mice, but not the extent observed after DCE. The present results support the view of multiple renal cytochrome P-450 isozymes. PMID- 6610422 TI - Differences between small and large intestine and liver in the inducibility of microsomal enzymes in response to stimulation by phenobarbitone and betanaphthoflavone in the diet. AB - Rats were fed either sodium phenobarbitone (PB) or betanaphthoflavone (BNF) for seven days. Deethylation of 7-ethoxyresorufin ( 7ERR ) and 7-ethoxycoumarin ( 7EC ) was measured in small and large intestine and liver, and cytochrome P-450 in liver. Our semi-purified diet was shown to produce minimal levels of intestinal deethylation activity. BNF was added to the semi purified diet and fed at levels from 0.1 to 100 mg BNF/kg of diet. Significant (P less than 0.05) induction of deethylation in small intestine was seen at all dose levels, ranging from 2-fold at 0.1 mg/kg diet to greater than 100-fold at 100 mg/kg diet. A 3-fold increase was also seen in the large intestine at 50 mg/kg. A significant increase in hepatic deethylation was only seen at 100 mg/kg. PB was administered in drinking water at 50, 100 and 1000 mg PB/l. Significant (P less than 0.05) induction of hepatic deethylation was seen at all dose levels, ranging from 2-fold at 50 mg/l to 5-fold at 1000 mg/l. Hepatic cytochrome P450 was also increased. No significant increase in intestinal deethylation was seen at any of the doses used. PMID- 6610423 TI - Serotonin-releasing effects of substituted piperazines in vitro. AB - The effects of various piperazine-containing compounds on the release of endogenous serotonin (5-HT) from rat hypothalamic slices were evaluated. Incubation of hypothalamic slices with m-chlorophenylpiperazine ( mCPP ) or m- trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine ( mTFMPP ) evoked a potent, dose-dependent release of endogenous 5-HT that was similar in magnitude to that seen with tryptamine, p-chloroamphetamine, or fenfluramine. In the presence of the 5-HT uptake blockers fluoxetine or chlorimipramine, this release was reduced dramatically. Furthermore, removal of calcium from the incubation medium had little effect on the drug-induced release, suggesting that the release mechanism involved displacement of 5-HT stores and not depolarization-induced exocytosis. Trazodone, MK-212, and quipazine had only small effects on release. These studies show that several piperazine-containing compounds can evoke a potent release of endogenous stores of hypothalamic 5-HT in vitro, actions which should be considered together with their direct agonist activity when interpreting the CNS effects in vivo. PMID- 6610424 TI - Effect of exogenous S-adenosyl-L-methionine on phosphatidylcholine synthesis by isolated rat hepatocytes. PMID- 6610425 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus with paraproteinemia. AB - Nine patients (2.2%) in a group of 415 who were followed in a longitudinal prospective study of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were found to have various monoclonal (M) proteins in their blood (IgG [6 patients], IgA [2 patients], IgM [1 patient]). No other findings compatible with plasmacytic dyscrasia were found. Bence Jones proteinuria was absent. Bone marrow aspirates and skeletal radiographs did not reveal any associated features of malignancy. Four of the 9 patients were under the age of 50. From the point of view of the M components, 3 groups emerged: transient (2 patients), persistently stable (6 patients), and increasing serum concentrations (1 patient). Using current measures of disease status, no correlation was apparent between the presence, type, and concentration of the M protein and the clinical and laboratory variables of lupus activity. Thus, M proteins were found in 2% of our SLE patients, but their relationship to the polyclonal B cell activation seen in this disorder, or perhaps to therapeutic modalities used in its treatment, remains to be elucidated. PMID- 6610426 TI - In vitro activation of human chondrocytes and synoviocytes by a human interleukin 1-like factor. AB - Monocytes have been shown to secrete factors which stimulate the destruction of cartilage. Since one of the monocyte products, interleukin-1 (IL-1), has been shown to stimulate the release of collagenase and prostaglandin E from synoviocytes, we have investigated whether IL-1 is also responsible for chondrocyte activation. Purified preparations of IL-1 derived from human blood monocytes stimulated the production of prostaglandin E and plasminogen activator by human articular chondrocytes. After Sephadex G-75 chromatography, the lymphocyte-activating and the chondrocyte-activating activities of IL-1 eluted together in the regions corresponding to the void volume and to Kav = 0.2-0.3 (Mr 30,000-45,000) and Kav = 0.5-0.65 (Mr 12,000-17,000). The major peak of stimulating activity was the 12,000-17,000 dalton peak. Upon further analysis of the 12,000-17,000 dalton peak by isoelectric focusing, the major peak of lymphocyte-activating factor activity was recovered at a pI of 6.3 with a minor peak at 4.6-5.3. Similar patterns of activity were observed when the fractions were assayed for the stimulation of the production of prostaglandin E and plasminogen activator by human chondrocytes and of prostaglandin E by human synoviocytes. Treatment of the partially purified lymphocyte activating factor with phenylglyoxal reduced the thymocyte-stimulating activity 99% and the chondrocyte-stimulating activity 100%. These results suggest that IL-1 may stimulate the degradation of connective tissues during inflammation. PMID- 6610428 TI - Peripheral T cell subset modifications induced by steroid pulse in a case of Still's disease. PMID- 6610427 TI - Optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, and anti-DNA antibodies nine years after thymectomy for myasthenia gravis. PMID- 6610429 TI - Pharmacological properties of 2-[4-(2-thiazolyloxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (480156-S), a new non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent. AB - In terms of antiinflammatory activity in acute and chronic animal models, 2-[4-(2 thiazolyloxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid (480156-S) was more active than ibuprofen but inferior to indomethacin. The analgesic activities of 480156-S measured by the writhing method and the Randall & Selitto method were comparable or superior to those of indomethacin, diclofenac-Na and ketoprofen. 480156-S also had strong antagonistic action against bradykinin, markedly inhibiting all bradykinin induced edema and pain reactions (tail licking in mice and flexor reflex of rabbit hind limb). On scald-induced pain in which bradykinin is greatly involved, 480156-S had an obviously stronger analgesic effect than any of the reference drugs. As for its effects on prostaglandin (PG), 480156-S weakly inhibited arachidonic acid-induced edema and pain reactions but also inhibited PGE2 synthesis of bovine vesicular gland microsomes. PMID- 6610430 TI - [Studies of a fibrin adhesive on punch wounds in rats]. AB - The efficacy of fibrin adhesive in routine quality control was examined in experimentally induced skin wounds of rats with fixation of punched-out skin pieces. In this rat model the influence of factor XIII, different fibrinogen concentrations, the stability of the dissolved lyophilized components, variation of adhesion time, and of CIG (cold insoluble globulin) was investigated. The adhesive strength was improved by factor XIII (optimum 60 U/ml). Concentrations of fibrinogen lower than 40 mg/ml resulted in insufficient adhesion effects. The stability of the dissolved components could be demonstrated up to 24 h after reconstitution. The adhesive strength improved with increasing time, it should be at least 15 min. No negative influence on tear-off weights were seen after 24 h caused by fibrinolysis. In a modification of the experimental design without fixation of the punched out skin pieces the adhesive was applied once or repeated times on the open wounds. No alteration or support of the normal wound healing was observed. PMID- 6610431 TI - [Cellular immune response to Taenia taeniaeformis infection in the intermediate host]. PMID- 6610432 TI - Temporal integration in self-stimulation: a paradox. AB - Temporal summation of the rewarding effects of medial forebrain stimulation in the rat was investigated by varying the interval separating the two short bursts of stimulation given as a reward in a runway. One finding--that the reinforcing effect of the two bursts is independent of interburst interval--supports a model in which there is perfect summation of the portion of the reward signal that exceeds some threshold. However, the constant-threshold form of this model is not reconcilable with the results of a second experiment, which shows that charge duration functions obtained with different levels of performance differ by a multiplicative (scalar) factor, that is, the ratio between the values of the two functions is everywhere the same. (The charge-duration function gives the charge required as a function of the train duration.) None of the models of postsynaptic integration so far suggested is capable of explaining simultaneously the fact that the strength-duration function is a perfect hyperbola that has nearly reached its rheobase at a train duration no greater than 2 s, that there is no statistically detectable effect of interburst interval on summation between bursts separated by intervals up to 2 s and longer, and that the strength duration functions (or, equivalently, the charge-duration functions) derived by using different performance criteria differ by a multiplicative factor. PMID- 6610433 TI - Self-stimulation in 7- and 10-day-old rats. AB - Recently, it has been shown that the infant rat exhibits learned behaviors characteristic of the adult. With a modified self-stimulation paradigm, this study explored whether 7- and 10-day-old rat pups could learn a discriminated operant to obtain direct electrical stimulation in neural sites that support self stimulation in adults. By nudging one of two response manipulanda, at two ages (7 and 10 days) and temperatures (22 and 35 degrees C), pups self-stimulated with electrodes implanted in a variety of forebrain sites, including the prefrontal cortex, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial nucleus of the amygdala, and the medial forebrain bundle. The only temperature-sensitive site might be the nucleus accumbens which was positive only at the higher temperature in 10-day olds. These results indicate that several forebrain sites demonstrate rewarding properties of stimulation in the preweanling rat pup. PMID- 6610434 TI - Gingival bleeding as a manifestation of von Willebrand's disease. A review of the literature and management. PMID- 6610436 TI - The portocaval shunt in the treatment of portal hypertension. PMID- 6610435 TI - Arrhythmias after coronary bypass surgery. AB - Ninety patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery were studied prospectively by bedside and subsequent ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring to investigate the incidence, possible causes, and prevention of atrial fibrillation. Patients with good left ventricular function were divided randomly into a control group or groups treated with digoxin or propranolol. In the control group the incidence of atrial fibrillation was 27% and of significant ventricular extrasystoles 3%. Propranolol reduced the incidence of atrial fibrillation (14.8%), whereas digoxin had no effect and increased the incidence of ventricular extrasystoles. Age, sex, severity of symptoms, cardiomegaly, heart failure, previous myocardial infarction, and number of grafts did not affect the result. The operative myocardial ischaemic time was related to the occurrence of atrial fibrillation. There was also a significant relation between atrial fibrillation and bundle branch block. Atrial fibrillation is common after coronary artery grafting; it may be due to diffuse myocardial ischaemia or hypothermic injury. The incidence may be reduced by beta blockade. PMID- 6610437 TI - The effect of augmentin on sputum beta-lactamase activity in patients with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 6610438 TI - Enhanced prothrombin-converting activity and factor Xa binding of platelets activated by the alternative complement pathway. AB - Platelet prothrombin-converting activity and factor Xa binding were studied after exposure of human platelet rich plasma (PRP) to various conditions leading to platelet activation. Zymosan resulted in increased platelet-bound C3, enhanced prothrombin-converting activity and increased factor Xa binding. Similar findings were observed with normal platelets resuspended in factor XII-deficient plasma. The combined use of zymosan and thrombin to activate platelets resulted in synergistic prothrombin-converting activity and factor Xa binding. In contrast, no synergism was obtained with the concomitant use of zymosan and collagen, suggesting that collagen and zymosan share the same pathway for platelet activation. Heterologous antibody to factor V completely inhibited the platelet prothrombin-converting activity for all modes of platelet activation, indicating that this activity is mediated by factor V. PMID- 6610439 TI - Clinical and immunological study of non-Hodgkin T-cell lymphomas (cutaneous and lymphoblastic lymphomas excluded). AB - We present here the immunologic, morphologic and clinical features of 16 T derived adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) (lymphoblastic and cutaneous lymphomas being excluded) observed in an unselected series of 260 NHL. Malignant cells bore T cell antigens (16 cases) but formed E rosettes in 14 cases only. In nine cases studied with monoclonal antibodies to T cell antigenic subsets, the phenotype of malignant cells was homogeneous; in seven cases the cells had a clear-cut helper or suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype; in one case cells had a cortical thymocyte phenotype. No T-cell subset antigens were detected on malignant cells from the last patient. Prominent morphologic features were a striking variation in tumour cell sizes, vascular proliferation and admixture of a large number of macrophages; most often, those lymphomas with a diffuse growth pattern could not be easily assigned to a given NHL subtype. The course of the disease was aggressive in most patients, only four having experienced a sustained complete remission. Waldeyer's ring involvement, waxing and waning nodes, polyclonal hypergammaglobulinaemia and skin infiltrates may be distinctive clinical features in some patients. PMID- 6610441 TI - Familial association of schizophrenia and ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 6610440 TI - Thymus-derived lymphocyte enumeration in patients with uveal malignant melanoma. AB - Thymus-derived lymphocytes (T lymphocytes) were enumerated in patients with uveal malignant melanoma. Two T-lymphocyte subpopulations were determined, the active rosette forming cells (A-RFC) and the total rosette forming cells (T-RFC). Subjects were divided into the following groups: (a) pretreatment patients, (b) patients treated by enucleation, (c) patients treated by photocoagulation, (d) patients treated by cobalt plaque radiotherapy, (e) patients treated by enucleation who developed clinically detectable metastasis, and (f) normal controls. There were no differences in the numbers of A-RFC or T-RFC in the control population, pretreatment patients, and those treated in the different ways. Statistically significant depressions of A-RFC and T-RFC levels were seen in patients with metastatic lesions, suggesting that they had an impairment of immunocompetence, as measured by T-lymphocyte rosette formation. PMID- 6610442 TI - Correlational methods for determining regional coupling of cerebral glucose metabolism: a pilot study. AB - The current study presents an alternate method of analyzing PET data by means of a correlational approach. Correlational or coupling patterns of regional cerebral glucose metabolism were found for normal subjects and patients with schizophrenia under electric shock stimulation. At two levels (91 mm and 78 mm) significant differences were found between the coupling patterns of normal subjects and patients with schizophrenia. For the normals, the obtained correlational maps were consistent with the sensory input. However, such patterns were not found for the patients with schizophrenia. Therefore it is suggested that the outlined analysis procedure may complement the standard approach of comparing the mean metabolic rates. PMID- 6610443 TI - Sarcomere length determination using laser diffraction. Effect of beam and fiber diameter. AB - An experimental and theoretical analysis is presented involving the effect of variation in fiber and beam diameter upon the determination of average sarcomere length in isolated single muscle fibers using laser light diffraction. The muscle diffraction phenomenon is simplified by first considering diffraction order position and intensity to be the result of grating and Bragg diffraction. It is the product of the intensity profiles, which results from these types of diffraction, that produces the diffracted order. These simplifying assumptions are then extended to the case of the real muscle. Based on these considerations and the theory that we recently presented, conditions are set forth under which grating information (i.e., sarcomere length) can be maximally expressed to yield accurate average sarcomere length values. PMID- 6610445 TI - Unusual karyotypic changes and B cell involvement in a case of lymph node blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia. AB - A patient with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) entered a blast crisis localized to lymph nodes. On light microscopy, by morphology and histochemical staining, the blasts were undifferentiated. In spite of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase positivity, some of the lymph node cells expressed a myeloid differentiation antigen, OKM1, and were peroxidase positive by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). However, the majority of cells were peroxidase negative on TEM and expressed OKT-10, a marker found on both primitive myeloid and lymphoid cells. Cultures of lymph node cells stimulated with Epstein-Barr virus or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) revealed the Ph1, indicating B cell involvement in the CML. T cells from cultures stimulated with L4-phytohemagglutinin and T cell growth factor were negative for the Ph1. In unstimulated lymph node cells, the uncomplicated Ph1 could not be demonstrated; instead, a unique complex karyotype involving a masked Ph1 was identified in these and the LPS cultures. This karyotype was not found in bone marrow (BM) metaphase cells. Instead, BM cells showed either the simple Ph1 or the Ph1 with a rearrangement involving chromosomes 13 and 20. The patient had transient responses to three chemotherapy regimens, two of which were designed to treat acute lymphocytic leukemia, but he died 8 months after disease acceleration without BM blast crisis. These findings are compatible with an extramedullary blast crisis originating in a primitive cell with both myeloid and lymphoid characteristics. PMID- 6610444 TI - T lymphocyte colony assay in hemophiliacs. AB - Unexplained lymphadenopathy, with or without accompanying symptoms, known as the "lymphadenopathy syndrome," has been recognized in groups at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), namely, homosexuals and hemophiliacs. To date, however, no test has been defined that discriminates between asymptomatic individuals and those with adenopathy in these high-risk groups. The T colony assay, which measures T lymphocyte growth in soft agar and which allows selective T cell proliferation with minimal cell-cell contact, was evaluated in asymptomatic hemophiliacs. Significantly lower mean colony counts were found in eight hemophiliacs with adenopathy (HA), 763 +/- 348 (+/- SEM), than in 16 healthy hemophiliacs (HH) 3,044 +/- 661 (P less than .005), or than in 24 heterosexual control subjects, 3,964 +/- 395 (P less than .005). The in vitro addition of exogenous interleukin-2 (IL-2) restored normal colony growth in the HA population. These results indicate that the T colony assay can detect abnormal cell-mediated immunity among hemophiliacs and specifically discriminates between asymptomatic hemophiliacs (HH) and those with adenopathy (HA). In addition, IL-2 may be of potential benefit in improving T cell defects in AIDS or the "lymphadenopathy syndrome"; however, this remains to be proven. PMID- 6610446 TI - Benign monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis--a benign variant of CLL: clinical, immunologic, phenotypic, and cytogenetic studies in 20 patients. AB - From 1951 through 1978, we have seen 20 cases of stage O chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) without disease progression for 6.5-24 years. The cohort included 7 males and 13 females, aged 48-77 years at the time of diagnosis. None presented with anemia, thrombocytopenia, or neutropenia nor developed cytopenias during follow-up. Mean total lymphocyte count in these patients was 20,100/microL, with ranges from 10,000 to 43,700 at the time of diagnosis, and was 20,600, with ranges from 1,000 to 47,200, at last follow-up. Of 12 patients studied, 8 and 4 were phenotyped as heavy chain mu delta- and mu-type, respectively, with 7 kappa- and 4 gamma-type (no light chain was detectable in one patient). Of 13 patients studied, one had a slightly elevated IgG level and two had slightly depressed serum IgA and IgM levels. All patients had positive delayed hypersensitivity responses to at least one of five skin test antigens. Each of seven patients studied for an in vitro leukocyte thymidine uptake had a low level of [3H]thymidine incorporation. Nine of 12 patients studied had elevated total T cells, and the remaining 3 had normal T cell counts. In vitro unseparated lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin showed normal kinetics of DNA synthesis, with a peak response on day 3 or 4 of culture in 4 and slightly or moderately depressed and/or delayed kinetics in 8 patients studied. Cytogenetic analyses by Q- or G-banding techniques of polyclonal B cell mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes in all six patients studied showed normal karyotypes. These data are consistent with a previously undescribed syndrome involving a monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis, a prolonged asymptomatic or benign clinical course, and essentially normal humoral and cellular immunity and normal karyotype. Our observations indicate that these 20 patients with stage O CLL have a benign clinical course and that they may also be designated as benign monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis ( BMBL ), a benign variant of CLL. PMID- 6610447 TI - Mevalonic acid induces DNA synthesis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. AB - Mevalonic acid can stimulate leukemic cells from some patients with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) to enter the cell cycle in vitro and to synthesize DNA. Unlike normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes, which require the presence of granulocytes for a maximal DNA synthetic response to mevalonic acid, CLL cells do not require a helper cell. Only the physiologically active R( ) enantiomer of mevalonic acid is active in initiating DNA synthesis, and no stimulatory effect is noted after addition of the precursors of mevalonic acid or of its known products. The mitogenic responses to mevalonic acid measured in CLL cells from 35 patients varied widely (range of stimulation indices, 1.2-18.6), but the DNA synthetic response of CLL cells from 9 patients to mevalonic acid exceeded those seen with such common lymphocyte mitogens as concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, poke-weed mitogen, or a phorbol ester. The mevalonate responsive CLL cell was enriched in the E(-), M(+) rosette subpopulation. When CLL cells were incubated in lipoprotein-depleted serum-containing medium, the presence of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol increased their sensitivity to mevalonic acid transformation, suggesting that a nonsterol product of mevalonic acid metabolism may be involved. Mevalonic acid, which is essential for the growth of cells programmed to divide or stimulated to divide by mitogens, can by itself initiate cell replication in relatively inert G0 phase normal and neoplastic lymphocyte populations. PMID- 6610449 TI - [Medullary thyroid cancer]. PMID- 6610448 TI - The treatment of malignant histiocytosis. AB - Twenty-four consecutive cases of malignant histiocytosis (MH) treated at Stanford Medical Center between 1973 and 1983 have been reviewed. Most patients presented with systemic symptoms (91%) and advanced disease (stage IV, 80%). Multiple organ involvement was common. In six cases, pathologic tissue was further characterized by frozen section immune histochemistry, using a panel of monoclonal antibodies known to react with monocytes and macrophages, as well as a variety of hematopoietic cells. One case expressed a mature monocyte/macrophage phenotype; three cases were considered null cell or primitive lesions; and two cases were identified as probable T cell lymphomas. Seven patients underwent splenectomy. Two patients died prior to any treatment. Twenty-two patients were treated with CHOP (cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, vincristine, prednisone) +/- bleomycin (B), +/- midcycle high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) with leucovorin rescue. Seven patients received prophylactic intrathecal MTX. Of 22 evaluable patients, there was a 68% complete response rate (CR), a 23% partial response rate (PR), and a 9% no response rate (NR). Median duration of CR was 30+ months; median duration of PR was 2.4 months. Median survival for patients attaining a CR has not been reached v 3 months for the PR and NR groups. For all 24 patients, median survival was 2 years, with a 5-year actuarial survival of 40%. Multivariate analysis revealed that a platelet count less than 150,000 (P Cox = .005) and the dose of drug delivered (P Cox = .057) were the most important prognostic factors. Prophylactic intrathecal MTX therapy and splenectomy did not influence survival. Although MH is an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis, it is potentially curable. Systematic and aggressive treatment should further improve the outcome. PMID- 6610450 TI - [Current perspectives of basic biology in medullary cancer of the thyroid]. PMID- 6610451 TI - [Lymph node localization of epidermotropic T malignant lymphomas (mycosis fungoides and Sezary's syndrome)]. AB - In this paper are reported the different histological variants of Mycosis Fungoides (M.F.) observed in 48 lymph node positive biopsies providing from 98 lymph nodes obtained from 94 patients with M.F. A partial destruction of the lymphoid architecture was required for attesting M.F. involvement. The remaining 50 lymph nodes demonstrated dermopathic non specific lesions. A partial lymph node involvement is often observed with a persistent sinusal pattern and residual germinative follicles (39 from 48 cases or 80%). The tumoral infiltration begins in the deep cortex and in the interfollicular areas. Some reactive lesions of dermopathic lymphadenopathy are frequently associated. The main histological feature is the cellular pleomorphism. Nevertheless 4 cytological variants may be described according to the predominant proliferating cells: a small cell variant, a large cell variant, a mixed cell variant comprising an equivalent proportion of small medium and large-sized cells, an immunoblastic variant with majority of immunoblasts and some Sternberg-like tumoral cells. Any form may be associated with granuloma which increase polymorphism. In some histological variants, so called Lutzner cells are numerous and facilitate the diagnosis of epidermotropic malignant T lymphoma. Nevertheless, some cases may be discussed with centrocytic or centroblastic centrocytic lymphomas, with Pinkus multilobulated T lymphoma or with convoluted lymphoblastic lymphoma. More difficult is the distinction from Lennert T - zone lymphomas and from adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia described in Japan. The immunoblastic variant may be mistaken with some high-grade malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma, with an angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy, even with a metastatic carcinoma. The evidence of granuloma with numerous eosinophiles frequently observed in the Hodgkin-like variant is a cause of confusion with Hodgkin's disease. A good help would be supplied by the discover of some Lutzner cells among the granuloma. No correlation was found between these histological variants and the M.F. evolution. Evidence of reactive inflammatory cells do not interfere with the prognosis. PMID- 6610452 TI - [Surgical treatment of sunset dislocations of posterior chamber implants]. PMID- 6610453 TI - Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for detecting antibody to Trichomonas vaginalis: use of whole cells and aqueous extract as antigen. AB - An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting antibody to antigenic Trichomonas vaginalis macromolecules has been identified using whole cells or an aqueous protein extract as antigen. The test was developed under optimum conditions using serum samples from experimental animals. The sensitivity of the ELISA was equal to or greater than that obtained by radioimmunoprecipitation and electrophoresis-fluorography techniques. The ELISA was capable of assessing antibody responses during the development of lesions in animals inoculated subcutaneously and it reproducibly measured the individual classes immunoglobulins directed at T vaginalis. The colorimetric assay was also suitable for showing cross reactivity between trichomonal species as well as between different strains of T vaginalis. Conditions established for monitoring antibody to trichomanads in immunised rabbits or infected mice were equally effective for human materials, such as serum or vaginal washes. Serum from experimental animals or infected people showed high concentrations of IgG, IgA, and IgM antibody to trichomonads. Only antibodies of the IgG and IgA class were detected in vaginal washes from women with acute trichomoniasis. No IgE antibody to trichomonads was found under a variety of conditions in serum samples from patients or experimental animals. PMID- 6610454 TI - Thymus derived lymphocytes (T cells) in patients with genital warts. AB - Thymus derived lymphocytes (T cells) were counted in the peripheral blood of 30 patients with genital warts and in 20 healthy controls. The control group was made up of 10 healthy patients with no history of warts and 10 who had been cured of warts for at least 12 months. We found that patients with genital warts had a significantly lower number of T cells despite an adequate number of circulating lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. We therefore suggest that a functional defect of lymphocytes ("dyslymphocytosis") could be the cause of genital warts either in their primary or recurrent form. These abnormal lymphocytes return to their normal function after the disappearance of genital warts. PMID- 6610455 TI - Sheffield medium for cultivation of Haemophilus ducreyi. AB - Our interest in the role of Haemophilus ducreyi in genital ulceration led us to examine the various media commonly used for the cultivation of the organism. We describe an improved medium for the routine isolation of H ducreyi. In comparative studies using 50 test strains originally isolated in the United Kingdom, Canada, the United States of America, and Kenya, the new medium proved superior to three standard media in requiring a shorter incubation period to first visible growth, giving larger colonies in the same period, and making possible a starch aggregation test which we have found helpful in the presumptive identification of H ducreyi from clinical material. PMID- 6610456 TI - Evidence that the medial and dorsal raphe nuclei mediate serotonergically-induced increases in prolactin release from the pituitary. AB - Electrolytic lesions of the medial (MR) or dorsal (DR) raphe nucleus significantly antagonized serum prolactin elevations produced by 5 hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in rats pretreated with fluoxetine or citalopram, (serotonin (5-HT) uptake blockers). Lesioned animals in which total blockade of serum prolactin elevations was observed also had total blockade of 5-HT accumulation in the median eminence. However, the increase in serum prolactin levels produced by 5-HTP plus 5-HT reuptake blockade in lesioned rats was not significantly different from sham-operated rats if as little as 15-20% of control median eminence accumulation was present. Serum prolactin elevations produced by quipazine, a direct acting 5-HT agonist, were not significantly affected by MR lesions. On the basis of these results, we suggest that: (1) serum prolactin elevations following 5-HT reuptake blockade plus 5-HTP are correlated with 5-HT concentration in the median eminence; (2) lesion-induced antagonism of 5-HTP induced prolactin elevation is critically dependent upon complete blockade of median eminence 5-HT accumulation; and (3) 5-HT neurons arising from cell bodies located in the MR and DR are necessary for endogenous serotonergically mediated effects on prolactin secretion in the rat. PMID- 6610457 TI - Coated vesicle morphology and sub-populations at the neuromuscular junction. AB - Serial sections of frog cutaneous pectoris neuromuscular junctions were examined to determine if isolated coated vesicles in one section are connected to infoldings of the presynaptic membrane in adjacent sections or are truly pinched off from the plasmalemma. Twenty percent of the coated vesicles examined serially were isolated from plasmalemma. In addition, two populations of coated vesicles were observed: those the size of synaptic vesicles and a smaller population (8% of total) of larger diameter (100 nm). PMID- 6610458 TI - Acute administration of 1-N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a compound producing parkinsonism in humans, stimulates [2-14C]deoxyglucose uptake in the regions of the catecholaminergic cell bodies in the rat and guinea pig brains. AB - A modification of the [2-14C]deoxyglucose (2-DG) autoradiographic technique of Sokoloff et al. was used to study the effects of acute administration of 1-N methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) (10 mg/kg, s.c.) in the rat and guinea pig brains. MPTP administration resulted in both species in a dramatic increase in the 2-DG uptake in the substantia nigra pars compacta, ventral tegmental area and locus ceruleus, brain areas containing the cell bodies of dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons. Many other brain areas were not affected. In the rat the effects were time dependent, being maximal between 1 and 2 h after drug administration. The effects of MPTP on 2-DG uptake differ from those of other dopaminergic or catecholaminergic drugs and suggest a specificity of the action of this drug on catecholaminergic neurons. PMID- 6610459 TI - Initial, rapid phase of recovery from unilateral vestibular lesion in rat not dependent on survival of central portion of vestibular nerve. AB - The behavioral effects of vestibular endorgan lesions were compared with those of vestibular ganglion lesions in the albino rat. No differences in head tilt angle or spontaneous eye nystagmus beat frequency were noted between the two groups during the first 36 h after the lesion was made. Of rats studied beyond 36 h, 2/7 with lesions restricted to the endorgans and 2/3 with ganglion lesions showed pronounced secondary increases in head tilt and tonic eye deviation, but not eye nystagmus. Single units were recorded in the ganglion acutely, as well as 1,2, and 14 days after an endorgan lesion was made. Practically no resting activity could be recorded in the ganglion acutely (2-7 h) after endorgan damage, and the resting activity at subsequent times was slight. It is concluded that an intact vestibular ganglion isolated from the sensory periphery is of no functional significance during the first 36 h, when the largest decreases in magnitude of the behavioral signs of unilateral labyrinthectomy occur in the rat. A slight significance at later times is not ruled out. PMID- 6610460 TI - Blood-brain and blood-spinal cord barrier permeability during the course of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the rat. AB - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in young male Lewis rats. Blood-brain barrier permeability to radiotracers of different molecular sizes was studied at intervals after induction using a tissue sampling technique. The results were correlated to the clinical picture and to the histological appearance of the central nervous system. Significant increase in blood-brain barrier permeability to small molecules was found to precede clinical symptoms by one day in the lumbar spinal cord and to coincide with the onset of clinical disease in other regions. In all regions, increased blood-brain barrier permeability preceded the occurrence of histological lesions (perivascular cellular infiltrates). No permeability increase to large molecules could be demonstrated. PMID- 6610461 TI - The effects of putative 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor active agents on D amphetamine self-administration in controls and rats with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine median forebrain bundle lesions. AB - Animals in which 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) was bilaterally injected into the median forebrain bundle (MFB) and sham lesioned animals were allowed access to an apparatus which delivered, upon lever pressing, intravenous D-amphetamine injections. MFB lesioned rats achieved stable self-injections patterns and self administered more drug per test session than controls. A number of agents known to either directly or indirectly affect 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor function were administered prior to D-amphetamine access. The responses to these pretreatments in lesioned vs non-lesioned rats were markedly different. Pretreatment with L-tryptophan reduced the number of D-amphetamine self injections in sham lesioned rats but had no effect in MFB lesioned animals. Fluoxetine pretreatment, likewise, reduced responding in non-lesioned rats and had no observable effect in lesioned animals. Quipazine markedly reduced self injection in control rats but was not evaluated in the lesioned group. The putative 5-HT antagonists utilized, cyproheptadine and methysergide, unpredictably reduced self-injection frequency of non-lesioned animals in a dose related manner. When MFB lesioned animals were pretreated with cyproheptadine, rapid bursts of lever pressing were observed and 3 of 6 animals thus treated died as a result (presumably amphetamine overdose). In the remaining animals, methysergide produced a similar marked increase in self-injection rate. While these data may suggest that, in some instances, non-serotonergic mechanisms are involved, for the most part it would appear that 5-HT containing neurons are of major import in some aspect of D-amphetamine self-administration. PMID- 6610462 TI - Neural crest-derived spinal and cranial sensory neurones are equally sensitive to NGF but differ in their response to tissue extracts. AB - The response of two distinct populations of neural crest-derived sensory neurones to nerve growth factor (NGF) and other neurotrophic activities present in extracts of chick tissues has been studied in vitro. Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and the dorso-medial part of the trigeminal ganglion (DM-TG) from embryonic chicks of 6-11 days of incubation (E6-E11) were grown as either explant or dissociated neurone-enriched cultures. Over the age range studied NGF promoted survival and pronounced neurite outgrowth from both DRG and DM-TG neurones. Whilst extracts of chick eye, liver and spinal cord also elicited a marked response from E8 and older DRG neurones, DM-TG neurones were almost entirely unresponsive to the neurotrophic activity of these extracts. PMID- 6610463 TI - Prognostic factors in palindromic rheumatism. PMID- 6610464 TI - Preparation and examination of the oligosaccharides of serum alpha 1-antitrypsin PiZ. AB - Oligosaccharides were prepared from serum alpha 1-antitrypsin, PiM and PiZ, by hydrazinolysis and reacetylation with [3H]acetic anhydride. A comparison by gel permeation chromatography indicated that the two variants contain the same kinds of complex oligosaccharides. Specifically, serum PiZ does not contain mannose rich oligosaccharides in spite of the presence of mannose-rich oligosaccharides in liver PiZ. PMID- 6610465 TI - Cogan's syndrome: a treatable cause of neurosensory deafness. AB - Cogan's syndrome, nonsyphilitic interstitial keratitis associated with vestibuloauditory deficits, can vary in its presentation. This paper describes an unusual case in which deafness developed while the patient was receiving topical therapy with prednisolone and homatropine for mild bilateral iritis and right sided nodular episcleritis. The 10-year-old boy's hearing improved dramatically with high-dose systemic steroid therapy. The importance of being aware that deafness may occur in children undergoing treatment for "routine" iritis is emphasized. PMID- 6610466 TI - Blockade of Ca2+ channels inhibits K+ contractures but not twitches in skeletal muscle. AB - The effects of the voltage-sensitive, calcium channel blocking agents, D-600 and verapamil, on twitches and K+-induced contractures were studied using frog's toe muscles. K+-contracture tension was reduced by concentrations as low as 10(-8) M and the contractures were blocked by 10(-6) M. There was no significant difference in the effects of the two drugs. Twitches were potentiated by 5 X 10( 5) M D-600 and blocked only at 3 X 10(-4) M. The latter concentration also produced contractures in the toe muscles. As shown by other workers, the higher concentration also blocks action potential production and this is probably the way in which it blocks the twitch. Raising the bathing solution Ca2+ concentration from 1.08 to 10 or 20 mM, produced only a small, inconsistent, noncompetitive antagonism of the D-600 block of K+ contractures. PMID- 6610467 TI - Naloxone-resistant effects of opioids on the twitch in frog skeletal muscle. AB - Morphine and several other opioid agonists including the enkephalins caused a dual action on the twitch in the isolated, curarized, and electrically stimulated frog toe muscle; a potentiating action at low drug concentrations and a potentiation followed by an inhibitory action at higher concentrations. The twitch potentiation was found to be nonstereospecific and resistant to antagonism by naloxone. The inhibitory action too was naloxone-resistant and is probably due to a nonspecific local anesthetic effect of the opioids on the electric properties of the frog skeletal muscle fibre membrane. PMID- 6610468 TI - The value of diagnostic imaging techniques in the management of diseases of the nervous system. PMID- 6610469 TI - Reactogenicity of fluid compared with adsorbed diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine. AB - Shortly after the introduction of adsorbed diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine in British Columbia the frequency of reports of reactions to the vaccine increased. As the reasons for the increase were not clear a study was carried out in five health units to compare the reactions to adsorbed DPT vaccine manufactured by Wyeth Ltd. and Connaught Laboratories Ltd. and fluid DPT vaccines manufactured by Connaught, all the vaccines being injected in the anterolateral thigh. From the responses on 1619 questionnaires that the parents of vaccinated children had completed it was found that the relative risk of a reaction was higher with the fluid than with the adsorbed Connaught vaccine (1.7 for redness and 1.8 for swelling on the day of vaccination but 1.0 for drowsiness and 1.3 for persistent crying). The size and duration of local redness and swelling were also greater with the fluid than with the adsorbed Connaught vaccines. The results with the Wyeth and Connaught vaccine were very similar. Only 10% of the parents said that there had been no reaction; 9% said that the reaction was severe, and 6% said that it was completely unacceptable. The overall frequency of local reactions was 86.1%. PMID- 6610470 TI - Patient care review: results of the Canadian Psychiatric Association Hospital Survey. AB - This paper is a report of the Education and Professional Liaison Council of the Canadian Psychiatric Association on the results of its questionnaire to 104 psychiatric hospital facilities in Canada on the extent, type and usefulness of patient care review procedures. The results indicate that the majority of hospitals appear to have initiated one or more patient care review activities within the last decade and have been carrying these out on a regular basis. These procedures have been considered useful for patient care and for continuing medical education. Both the frequency of patient care review activity and the type of procedure used, however, are directly related to the number of psychiatrists present in the center, with those hospitals having the least resources indicating little or no activity. PMID- 6610471 TI - Bone marrow histopathologic patterns and immunologic findings in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - In 82 patients with B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia, the correlations between the histopathologic bone marrow patterns (interstitial, nodular, mixed, and diffuse), serum immunoglobulin (Ig), and blood B-lymphocyte levels and T-lymphocyte levels have been analyzed. The most commonly lowered Ig class was IgM (43% of cases) followed by IgA (35%), and IgG (10%). There was a trend to a more frequent decrease of Ig levels when "advanced" bone marrow patterns (mixed + diffuse) were compared with the earlier ones (interstitial + nodular). The frequency of such a decrease was statistically significant for IgA class (P less than 0.01). The absolute number of blood T-lymphocytes was increased in the diffuse pattern (P less than 0.01). PMID- 6610472 TI - Parosteal lymphoblastic lymphoma. A human counterpart of Abelson virus-induced lymphosarcoma of mice. AB - A 16-year-old girl with an unusual presentation of lymphoblastic lymphoma is described. The tumor originated as a paraspinal mass accompanied by lytic bone lesions in the pelvic bones. Neither an anterior mediastinal mass nor lymphadenopathy were noted. This pattern of disease is strikingly reminiscent of lymphomas induced in mice by the Abelson leukemia virus. This patient's lymphoma cells, unlike the usual lymphoblastic lymphoma cells, did not bear classical T lymphocyte surface markers. A permanent cell line was derived from her tumor. Sparse amounts of cytoplasmic mu-immunoglobulin heavy chains were present in most of these cells, suggesting that the tumor originated in pre-B-lymphocytes. The phenotype of the cultured tumor cells is similar to Abelson virus-transformed murine bone marrow cells. Tumor cells of this phenotype may originate in the bone marrow and spread subsequently in and around the involved bones. This pattern of disease is distinctly different from that of T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma, which typically presents in the mediastinum and cervical lymph nodes, and involves the bone marrow only as a late manifestation of advanced disease. PMID- 6610473 TI - Aberrant right subclavian artery--esophageal fistula: a cause of overwhelming upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. AB - A patient had massive hematemesis due to a fistula between an unsuspected aberrant right subclavian artery and the esophagus, with the fistula caused by prolonged esophageal intubation. Lack of awareness of this complication delayed the correct diagnosis, which was eventually made at a second angiographic study. With knowledge of the fistula, this potentially fatal situation can be promptly diagnosed by endoscopy and emergency angiography. Transcatheter embolization is suggested as a potential alternative to surgery in the treatment of the aberrant right subclavian artery--esophageal fistula. PMID- 6610474 TI - Decrease in the ability of CFU-s in shielded marrow to be recruited into cell cycle after multiple irradiations: experimental results and computer simulations. AB - Nine doses of 1.5 Gy given to mice with one shielded leg result in very similar perturbations in shielded marrow (CFU-s kinetics whatever the source of radiation (X or gamma rays). At the time of the ninth irradiation, the size of the shielded CFU-s compartment is reduced to 75% of control level. After 15 min it decreases to 47% and, 1 day later, remains below the pre-ninth irradiation level (62% of control level) in spite of two significant peaks of CFU-s in DNA synthesis, at 1 and 8 hr after the ninth irradiation. For acceptable fitting to experimental data, computer simulations make it necessary to assume that a fraction of shielded marrow CFU-s is not capable of entering the cell cycle after the treatment. This is not explainable by defects in the stimulators of CFU-s proliferation secreted by shielded haemopoietic tissue because their production and their efficacy are demonstrated to be normal after the nine exposures. The incomplete recovery of the shielded CFU-s pool from proliferating CFU-s can be attributed to a loss in CFU-s by differentiation at birth. PMID- 6610475 TI - Chorea and migraine: "Hemicrania choreatica"? PMID- 6610476 TI - Platelet met-enkephalin immunoreactivity and 5-hydroxytryptamine concentrations in migraine patients: effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan, amitriptyline and chlorimipramine treatment. AB - In thirty patients with common migraine the platelet concentrations of met enkephalin immunoreactivity (ME) (76 +/- 9 pg/mg protein) were similar to those in 23 healthy volunteers (77 +/- 5), suggesting that there is no alteration in the ME pool in this biochemical compartment in migraine. Chronic treatment (4 weeks) with drugs that interfere with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) synthesis or uptake induced the expected changes in platelet 5-HT levels, i.e. a rise following administration of the 5-HT precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan (daily dose: 300-500 mg, n = 9) and a decrease after amine uptake inhibition by amitryptyline (30-75 mg, n = 7) and even more by chlorimipramine (30-50 mg, n = 9). Platelet ME concentrations rose by up to approximately 90% over the basal values after either 5-hydroxytryptophan (significantly from week 2) or amitriptyline (at week 2) and were unchanged after chlorimipramine, indicating that 5-HT and ME concentrations in platelets can vary independently. The high platelet ME levels following 5 hydroxytryptophan and amitriptyline cannot be explained at present. They might be due either to increased ME synthesis, possibly in the megakaryocyte, or to decreased utilization by platelets or both. PMID- 6610477 TI - Interleukin 1 can replace monocytes for the specific human B-cell response to a particulate antigen. AB - It is shown that the anti-trinitrophenyl (TNP) response of human B cells to trinitrophenyl polyacrylamide beads (TNP-PAA) is monocyte dependent. This response is abolished by extensive adherent cell depletion and restored by the addition of monocytes. The optimal response is obtained with 3% monocytes, higher numbers being suppressive. Supernatants from muramyl dipeptide (MDP)-activated monocytes can restore the response of monocyte-depleted preparations even when cells are cultured at suboptimal concentration. A partially purified preparation of interleukin (IL-1) has a comparable restorative ability. The following arguments suggest that monocytes do not function as antigen-presenting cells for this particulate antigen: (i) antigen-pulsed monocytes induce neither an anti-TNP response nor a specific T-cell proliferative response; (ii) allogeneic monocytes function as well as autologous monocytes to restore the response of nonadherent cells; (iii) HLA-DR-negative cells from the human leukemia cell line K562 can replace monocytes for this response. Monocyte supernatants do not replace T cells for the response of B-enriched lymphocytes, showing that T cells are directly involved in B-cell activation. PMID- 6610478 TI - Characterization of interleukin 2 (IL-2)-dependent cytotoxic T-cell clones. V. Transfer of resistance to allografts and tumor grafts requires exogenous IL-2. AB - The adoptive transfer of resistance to tumor grafts with cloned interleukin 2 (IL 2)-dependent cytotoxic T-cell lines was examined. Two clones were used: clone CTLL-A2 which recognizes H-2Dd determinants and clone CTLL-R5 which recognizes a unique cell surface antigen of BALB/c leukemia RL male 1. Systemic transfer of resistance with these clones was accomplished only when exogenous (rat or human) IL-2 was administered at the same time. Intraperitoneal injection of CTLL-A2 cells accelerated rejection of sarcoma Meth A (H-2Dd), but not ascites sarcoma BP8 (H-2k) or leukemia EL4 (H-2b) inoculated subcutaneously into C57BL/6 mice. CTLL-R5 cells were examined in local (Winn tests) as well as systemic transfer experiments. When mixed with leukemia cells before subcutaneous injection, they suppressed the growth of leukemia RL male 1 without exogenous IL-2. When injected intraperitoneally, CTLL-R5 cells inhibited the growth of subcutaneous grafts of leukemia RL male 1 only when exogenous IL-2 was administered at the same time. CTLL-R5 did not inhibit the growth of other radiation-induced BALB/c leukemias. PMID- 6610479 TI - Lymphokine regulation of human lymphocyte proliferation: formation of resting G0 cells by removal of interleukin 2 in cultures of proliferating T lymphocytes. AB - The question of whether lymphocytes which have once been activated and have completed one or several cell cycle(s) can return to the G0 phase and stay ready for a new activation (G0-G1 transition), rather than simply die, was investigated. To do so interleukin 2 (IL-2) was removed from cultures of continuously proliferating human T lymphocytes and the formation of resting (G0) cells was measured. Kinetic analyses in freshly prepared peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) revealed that the onset of detectable RNA synthesis and the appearance of structures binding the anti-Tac antibody occurred simultaneously. This allowed the expansion of the definition of G0 T lymphocytes as cells having a low RNA (and DNA) content, and no Tac antigen. When cultured human T cells proliferating continuously by means of IL-2 were characterized in terms of their distribution in the cell cycle, 7 days after the initial PHA stimulation, it could be demonstrated that very few cells were in the G0 phase, supporting the concept of direct S/G2/M-G1 transition. However, when IL-2 was removed from the cultures, the [3H]thymidine incorporation per 10(4) cells and correspondingly the number of cells in the S/G2/M and G1 phases were reduced drastically and during the following 72-hr period, the number of G0 cells increased markedly. Restimulation of such in vitro formed G0 cells, under conditions permitting observation of their shift from the G0 to G0 phase, demonstrated that most cells could respond normally. Based on these observations, it was concluded that IL-2 not only ensures T-lymphocyte survival and proliferation, but IL-2 starvation induces many continuously proliferating T lymphocytes to stop cycling and to return to the G0 phase of the cell cycle where they remain functional. PMID- 6610480 TI - Soluble suppressor factors elaborated in experimental malignant ascites. AB - Soluble suppressor factors in the sera of cancer patients inhibit lectin stimulated lymphocyte proliferation. These factors, derived from human material, preclude easy corroboration by other investigators. To gain a general understanding of soluble suppressor factors and to avoid the necessary restrictions of human experimentation, an animal model was devised. Sprague Dawley rats were injected ip with the Walker 256 carcinoma. The resultant ascites proved to be a stable, reproducible source of soluble suppressor factors. Ascites inhibited phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced blastogenesis of normal splenocytes by 98%. The possibility of a toxic effect was eliminated by vital staining of splenocytes and by examination in a specific lymphotoxin assay. Suppressor activity persisted after heating at 100 degrees C for 40 min. Extraction by lipid solvents revealed that the bulk of suppressor activity resides in the lipid phase. The active fraction of heat-treated ascites passed through an Amicon PM-10 filter. Thin-layer chromatography revealed the presence of prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha. Tissue culture supernatants from short-term cultures derived from tumor bearing animals revealed suppressor activity from thymus, spleen, and liver cultures (97, 91, and 71%, respectively). No suppressor activity was detected in cultures of cancer cells. This study has demonstrated in this animal model that prostaglandins play a major role in suppression of lectin-induced blastogenesis. All suppressor factors appear to be host derived. An understanding of the mechanism of release of these suppressor substances may open new avenues in the immunotherapy of cancer. PMID- 6610481 TI - Natural killer-like function of activated T lymphocytes: differential blocking effects of monoclonal antibodies specific for a 90-kDa clonotypic structure. AB - A monoclonal antibody termed anti-NKTb has been generated following immunization of mice with cloned human cells (JT9) displaying natural killer (NK)-like activity. This antibody has the capacity to block cytotoxicity of the immunizing clone against several targets. In the present study, anti-NKTb was compared with a monoclonal antibody termed anti-NKTa that had previously been generated against JT9 cells and that had also been shown to block the NK-like function of these cells. The expression of a NKTb determinant, like that of NKTa, was found to be restricted to two NK active clones derived from the same individual, JT9 and JT10, both of which have the same mature T-cell phenotype (T3+, T8+, T11+). Comodulation, immunoprecipitation, and competitive binding experiments showed that both antibodies are directed to the same 90-kDa heterodimer associated with the T3 structure on the cell surface. However, cytotoxicity blocking studies suggested that NKTa and NKTb may represent functionally distinct epitopes of this 90-kDa molecule. Anti-NKTa uniformly blocked the cytotoxicity of both JT9 and JT10 cells when tested against 11 randomly selected target cell lines. In contrast, anti-NKTb totally blocked the cytotoxicity of these cloned cells against some targets (i.e., HPB-ALL, Nalm-1) but had very little effect when cytotoxicity was measured against other target cells (i.e., K562, U937, KG-1). This selective blocking effect, therefore, supports the notion that the heterodimer defined by the NKT antibodies is involved in the process of target cell recognition rather than in the cytolytic pathway of the cloned effector cells. Moreover, the unique functional effects of anti-NKTb suggest that additional levels of complexity exist in the specific recognition mechanisms of these clonal populations of NK active mature T lymphocytes. PMID- 6610482 TI - The effects of cyclosporin and hydrocortisone on human T-lymphocyte colony formation. AB - The immunosuppressive activities of two compounds, cyclosporin A and hydrocortisone, were evaluated using a human T lymphocyte colony assay. Both compounds produced a dose-related reduction in colony formation. With cyclosporin, concentrations of 1.0-100 micrograms/ml virtually abolished PHA induced lymphocyte growth; as little as 0.01 microgram/ml decreased clonal growth by 48%. Suppression was observed as late as 4 days after the addition of PHA. The addition of exogenous IL-2 did not completely restore clonal growth to normal. Similarly, hydrocortisone, in concentrations of 0.4 microgram/ml, produced a 96% inhibition in clonal growth. Partial suppression could also be obtained if the drug was added as late as 4 days after PHA. Exogenous IL-2 completely reversed the inhibitory effects of hydrocortisone. By contrast, IL-1 was able to only partially restore growth potential. Parallel studies using TPA indicated that both immunosuppressants inhibited responses to this mitogen. However, in plates containing both TPA and PHA, hydrocortisone failed to impair clonal growth. PMID- 6610483 TI - Effect of antithymocyte serum on collagen arthritis in rats: evidence that T cells are involved in its pathogenesis. AB - To assess the role of T cells in collagen arthritis, a heterologous T cell specific antiserum (ATS) was administered intraperitoneally to female Wistar Furth rats. ATS treatment on Day -1, 1, 3, and 5 and immunization with native chick type II collagen on Day 0 resulted in a decreased incidence of arthritis (5 of 19, 26%) compared to immunized rats given either nonimmune heterologous serum on these days (20 of 25, 80%) or ATS injected on Day 5, 7, 9, and 11 (17 of 20, 85%) (P less than 0.001 for both comparisons). The early-ATS protocol also was associated with a delayed onset and reduced disease severity in the few rats in this group that did develop arthritis. Both delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and serum IgG antibody titers to native type II collagen, measured on Day 10, were decreased significantly (P less than 0.002) in rats administered ATS beginning on Day -1 compared to the other two groups. These data suggest that T cells contribute to the inception of collagen arthritis and that their critical function occurs within the first 5 days after immunization. PMID- 6610484 TI - Characterization of peanut agglutinin receptors of murine thymocytes. AB - Murine thymocytes can be separated on the basis of their agglutinability by peanut agglutinin (PNA) into two broad subpopulations assimilated to immunoincompetent agglutinated PNA+ cells and immunocompetent nonagglutinated PNA cells. Seven surface membrane components have been isolated by immunoprecipitation using rabbit anti-PNA IgG and Staphylococcus aureus bearing protein A, from PNA-coated radiolabeled immature cells. These components (apparent molecular weights of 180, 175, 130, 115, 65, 26, and 23 kDa) labeled by the galactose oxidase/tritiated sodium borohydride method and by 125I-iodination are glycoproteins which are PNA-receptor sites normally exposed on the surface membrane of PNA+ thymocytes. The nonagglutinated PNA- cells also possess on their surface unmasked receptors for the lectin (175-180 kDa) but in lower amounts. Neuraminidase treatment prior to galactose oxidase/tritiated sodium borohydride labeling shows that the majority of PNA receptors is present on the PNA-thymocyte surface but are masked by sialic acid residues on the terminal position of the oligosaccharidic chains. PMID- 6610485 TI - The mechanism of inhibition and "reversal" of mitogen-induced lymphocyte activation in a model of adenosine deaminase deficiency. AB - The biochemical mechanism of lymphocyte dysfunction with adenosine deaminase deficiency has been investigated using cultured phytohemagglutinin stimulated normal peripheral blood lymphocytes and the adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibitor 2'-deoxycoformycin. The addition of deoxyadenosine to ADA-inhibited (but not to uninhibited) cells generated increased dATP pools (up to 50-fold greater than controls) and depressed the mitogen response. dATP Accumulation was accompanied by depletion of the other three deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) pools (dTTP, dCTP, and dGTP). Suppression of the mitogen response could be prevented ("reversed") to 90% of control levels by the addition of deoxynucleoside precursors for the depleted dNTPs at the initiation of mitogen stimulation. "Reversal" restored the dTTP and possibly the dGTP pools. Thus the mechanism of toxicity in this model appears to be inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase by massive accumulation of dATP, resulting in starvation for the other three deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates. "Reversibility" of this toxicity by providing sources for the missing three deoxynucleoside triphosphates argues for ribonucleotide reductase inhibition rather than other mechanisms of deoxyadenosine toxicity in this model. PMID- 6610486 TI - The Lyt phenotype of the T cells in an antitumor adoptive transfer differs for "parent to F1" and "parent to parent" combinations. AB - The T-cell subset mediating tumor graft neutralization was characterized in a methylcholanthrene (MC) tumor system. Lyt 1+ cells were critical for the successful prevention of outgrowth of the tumor cells in graft neutralization assays with irradiated recipients. Elimination of Lyt 1+ cells abolished the outgrowth inhibitory effect exerted by T-cell-enriched populations derived from syngeneic or semisyngeneic mice immunized with the H-2-carrying MC-induced M-A tumor. In accordance, lymphocyte populations containing 98% Lyt 1+ cells derived from M-A-immune mice, mediated a complete transplantation immunity against this tumor. When the immune T cells admixed to the tumor inoculum were syngeneic to the recipient (i.e., A-derived cells were transferred to A recipients, or F1 to F1), elimination of the Lyt2+ cells did not influence the potential to inhibit tumor outgrowth. The presence of Lyt 1+2- cells were thus necessary, and sufficient, in the syngenic combination. A reduction of the graft-inhibiting potential occurred after elimination of Lyt 2+ cells from the A-derived M-A immune T-cell population when the recipients were semisyngeneic (i.e., (A/Sn X A.SW)F1, (A/Sn X CBA)F1, or (A/Sn X C57B1/6)F1). Consequently, only in the semisyngeneic, but not in the syngeneic combinations, was the transfer of Lyt 2+ cells necessary for optimal graft inhibition. It can be concluded that the genotypic relation between the donor and the recipient influences the prerequisites of the tumor cell neutralization. PMID- 6610487 TI - Effect of cyclosporin A, cyclophosphamide on graft versus host reactions. PMID- 6610488 TI - Estimates of the worldwide frequency of twelve major cancers. PMID- 6610489 TI - [Quality control of biologic substances produced using technics for recombination of DNA]. PMID- 6610490 TI - [Vaccination against leprosy: progress and perspectives]. PMID- 6610491 TI - [A program for the control of acute respiratory tract infections in children: memorandum of a reunion of the WHO]. PMID- 6610493 TI - Organochlorine pesticide residues in paddy fish in Malaysia and the associated health risk to farmers. AB - Paddy fish (Trichogaster pectoralis Regan) were collected from five sampling locations in a major paddy-growing area of Malaysia and analysed for organochlorine residues. During the same period, ten farming families, chosen at random from each of the five sampling sites, were interviewed. Information was obtained about the quantity of paddy fish consumed, the amount and type of pesticide used on the paddy-field, and the frequency of application.The pesticide residues found in the fish samples were aldrin/dieldrin, chlordane, HCH, and DDT. Only the projected maximum intake level for aldrin/dieldrin approached the acceptable daily intake as recommended by FAO/WHO; other residue levels were relatively low. However, this study considered only fish; the total daily intake of pesticide residues by the Malaysian paddy farmer may be considerably increased by consumption of other contaminated food. PMID- 6610492 TI - Utilization of primary health care workers for early detection of oral cancer and precancer cases in Sri Lanka. AB - Oral cancer presents a serious public health problem in south-east Asian countries. In Sri Lanka and India 35-40% of all cancers are reported to be oral cancers, which are curable if detected in the early stages. The idea that, in developing countries, one of the few practical approaches to early detection of these cases could be through the utilization of primary health care workers was tested in a field study carried out in Sri Lanka. In a control area the subjects with oral lesions were identified by medical/dental officers. In the study, 34 primary health care workers were able, alongside their routine duties, to examine the oral cavity of 28 295 subjects during a period of 52 weeks; 1220 subjects were detected with lesions needing re-examination. The performance of these primary health care workers was very satisfactory in terms of the number of cases detected and the accuracy of their diagnoses, which were verified by re examination at a specially designated referral centre. The clinical diagnoses of the three categories of lesions detected were as follows: stage 1 lesions for observation (homogeneous or ulcerated leukoplakia), stage 2 lesions for investigation (speckled leukoplakia, erythroplakia, or submucous fibrosis), and stage 3 lesions for treatment (cancer). There was 89% correspondence between the stage 1-3 diagnoses by the health workers and the clinical diagnoses made at the referral centre. However, compliance by patients was low because only 50% of the cases detected in the field attended the referral centre. The cost-effectiveness of this approach to cancer control has been demonstrated. PMID- 6610494 TI - Relationship between salt excretion and blood pressure in various regions of China. AB - Overnight urine samples were collected on three consecutive days from 3105 persons in 12 regions of China, and analysed for levels of sodium and potassium. The mean 9-hour overnight urine sodium level ranged from 49.51 to 139.12 mmol, and urine potassium from 6.32 to 18.43 mmol. Univariate regression, simple correlation analysis, and multivariate ridge regression analysis were carried out on the data. A positive correlation between blood pressure and urine sodium or sodium/potassium ratio was found in each of the twelve regions. Urine potassium showed a negative correlation with blood pressure in three regions. PMID- 6610495 TI - [Treatment of onchocerciasis with low, increasing doses of suramin in hyperendemic communities of Western Africa: 2. Clinical parasitologic and ophthalmologic results in a zone where transmission is controlled]. PMID- 6610497 TI - A simple kit system for rapid diagnosis of cerebrospinal meningitis in rural areas of developing countries. AB - A simple, easily operated, portable diagnostic kit, employing coagglutination reagents, has been developed for the rapid, bedside diagnosis of cerebrospinal meningitis. Field trials using this kit were conducted in a rural area of sub Saharan Africa for identifying the etiological agents of meningitis outbreaks. West African village medical attendants were taught to use this kit and succeeded in making rapid specific diagnoses of meningitis cases. Other acute infections such as cholera and typhoid fever can also be rapidly diagnosed in a similar manner. This rapid diagnostic system offers appropriate technology in support of primary health care delivery in the rural areas of developing countries. PMID- 6610496 TI - Interventions for the control of diarrhoeal diseases among young children: promotion of breast-feeding. PMID- 6610498 TI - Spotted fever and murine typhus in the Negev desert region of Israel, 1981. AB - During 1981, 52 cases of rickettsiosis caused by the spotted fever group of rickettsiae were reported in a population of 250 000 living in the Negev desert region of Israel. Retrospectively, at least 5 of these cases were serologically shown to have been caused by Rickettsia typhi, the agent of murine typhus. Most cases of rickettsial disease occurred in the summer months and one half of all cases occurred in children aged 9 years or less. While the specificity of a physician's diagnosis of the rickettsial diseases appears to be high (i.e., few cases of other diseases are misdiagnosed as either spotted fever or murine typhus), the sensitivity of the physician's diagnosis may be lower (i.e., many cases of these diseases presenting as fevers of unknown origin are not diagnosed as rickettsial disease). These findings may also be important for other countries of the region. PMID- 6610499 TI - Inadequate immunity to measles in children vaccinated at an early age: effect of revaccination. AB - This report describes a follow-up serological study of 79 Brazilian children who, because of their young age, had failed to develop protective levels of immunity after vaccination against measles. There was serological evidence that infection with wild virus had occurred at a rate of about 17% per annum. Approximately 1(1/2) years after the initial vaccination, 46% of the uninfected children maintained very low levels of neutralizing antibody, but did not have a measurable haemagglutination-inhibition titre. Revaccination did not elicit an IgM response in most children, but stimulated anti-measles IgG production in all of them. In 36% of the children, the IgG titres fell again within three months to levels that may permit reinfection. If it is assumed that some of the persistent titres can be attributed to wild virus infection, the actual effect of revaccination would have been to immunize no more than 60% of the susceptible group. The results suggest that early administration of measles vaccine may produce a cohort of children with inadequate immunity who cannot be fully immunized by revaccination. The implications of these findings for measles immunization programmes are discussed. PMID- 6610501 TI - Quantitative two-dimensional echocardiographic analysis of regional wall motion in patients with perioperative myocardial infarction. AB - Regional left ventricular wall motion was evaluated by two-dimensional echocardiographic techniques with fixed- and floating-axis analytical algorithms in three groups of subjects: normal subjects (n = 15), patients undergoing uncomplicated coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) (n = 10), and patients suffering perioperative myocardial infarction (n = 27). In patients undergoing uncomplicated CABG, fixed-axis analysis in the apical four-chamber view produced septal hypokinesis indistinguishable from the septal hypokinesis seen in patients with anterior myocardial infarction. In addition, fixed-axis analysis enhanced lateral wall motion so that patients with lateral myocardial infarction were classified as normal. Floating-axis analysis corrected these limitations by (1) producing regional left ventricular wall motion in the patients undergoing uncomplicated CABG, which was identical to that in normal subjects, and (2) producing regional left ventricular wall motion in patients with myocardial infarction that was hypokinetic in segments corresponding to the electrocardiographic area of involvement. In patients with new Q waves, fixed axis analysis detected abnormalities of regional left ventricular wall motion in 24 of 34 (71%) electrocardiographically involved regions but also classified 44 of 100 segments in uncomplicated patients as abnormal. Floating-axis analysis detected regional left ventricular wall motion abnormalities in 30 of 34 patients (88%; p less than .05 vs fixed-axis analysis) and only 15 of 100 segments in patients undergoing uncomplicated CABG were classified as abnormal (p less than .001 vs fixed-axis analysis). We conclude that floating-axis analysis is a more accurate and clinically relevant method of evaluating regional left ventricular wall motion in patients undergoing CABG who suffer myocardial infarction as a perioperative complication. PMID- 6610502 TI - Rush venom immunotherapy: a 3-day programme for hymenoptera sting allergy. AB - In a series of 102 patients consulting for allergic reactions following hymenoptera sting, fifty-two of them, who had experienced one or more severe systemic adverse reactions were selected for rush immunotherapy. The method employed made it possible to attain the maintenance dose of 100 micrograms of venom in 3 days. Patient tolerance was excellent, no serious side-effect was observed; immunotherapy never had to be stopped. Clinical effectiveness seems to be very satisfactory, since no abnormal reaction was reported in seven patients who later were spontaneously stung, and in fourteen patients who received an induced insect sting. The level of IgG antivenom antibodies rose regularly from the first month onwards to remain at a stable level. Because of its safety and effectiveness, it appears that this method should be recommended for immunotherapy in patients who are allergic to hymenoptera stings. PMID- 6610500 TI - Contraception in adolescence: a review. 2. Biomedical aspects. PMID- 6610503 TI - Specific estimation of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in plasma by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. AB - This paper describes a specific mass-fragmentographic method, involving a stable isotope-labeled internal standard, for measurement of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in human plasma. Vitamin D metabolites were rapidly extracted from plasma by using Sep-Pak C18 cartridges and separated into fractions on Sep-Pak SIL cartridges. The polar fraction, containing the dihydroxylated metabolites, was further purified by "high-performance" liquid chromatography on Zorbax SIL. The fraction containing 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D was collected, evaporated, and converted to the 24:25-cyclic n-butyl boronate-3-trimethylsilyl ether derivative before analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The intensity of the mass fragment (m/z 449, m/z 455 for the hexadeuterated internal standard) arising from the loss of one of the angular methyls and the 3-silanol group [( M-90-15]+) was monitored. The minimum limit of detection for this method is about 0.1 microgram/L. Inter- and intra-assay reproducibility was acceptable, and analytical recovery of added 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 over the concentration range 1.0 to 5.0 micrograms/L was quantitative. Concentrations of 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 in plasma of 21 apparently healthy volunteers were between 0.55 and 5.39 micrograms/L, higher values being obtained after prolonged exposure to the sun. No 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 could be detected in any plasma sample examined. PMID- 6610504 TI - Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in dizziness. AB - To investigate the role of brainstem dysfunction in patients with dizziness, Brainstem Evoked Responses were recorded, and results of 100 such cases are presented. The present study further emphasizes the fact that dizziness is a symptom complex and careful evaluation of these patients is necessary. If a systematic approach is used, then a correct diagnosis can be achieved in over 95% of the cases. Vascular insufficiency of the brainstem can present as dizziness and may precede a catastrophic vascular infarction by weeks and months. Early recognition of the problem is of paramount importance, since anticoagulation therapy can be started early or other surgical correctable measures can be undertaken to prevent catastrophic infarction. PMID- 6610505 TI - Evidence supporting the renal synthesis of 19-nor-deoxycorticosterone. AB - The fraction of urine containing free steroids was analyzed in a specimen obtained from a patient with 17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency and contained deoxycorticosterone (DOC) (approximately 0.9 micrograms/24 h), 19 nor-DOC (approximately 1.1 micrograms/24 h) and tetrahydro-DOC (approximately 15.2 micrograms/24 h). These steroids were identified by combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. If present, tetrahydro-19-nor-DOC was at a concentration below the limits of detection, but it was the major metabolite found in urine of a normal person after ingestion of the steroid. This strongly suggests that little 19-nor-DOC passes through the liver after synthesis and is therefore further evidence that the final stage of its synthesis occurs in the kidney in close proximity to the site of excretion. PMID- 6610506 TI - Is the PiF allele of alpha 1-antitrypsin associated with pulmonary disease? AB - Pulmonary function was studied in thirteen individuals heterozygous for the alpha 1-antitrypsin allele PiF. Respiratory symptoms were present in seven out of twelve individuals with the FM phenotype, of which five had pulmonary function impairment, mostly of the obstructive type. One patient with the phenotype FZ had bronchitic symptoms and a mild obstructive spirometry pattern. The results suggest a relationship between the PiF allele and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which is independent of the serum alpha 1-AT level. PMID- 6610507 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin types and rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Frequencies of alpha-1-antitrypsin (Pi) phenotypes were studied in 100 female and 100 male Swedish patients with classical rheumatoid arthritis and compared with the population frequencies. A significant increase of rare Pi types (MS, MZ, MF and SZ) was found among the patients. However, the increase concerned mainly Z heterozygotes and was more strongly pronounced in male patients. The M-subtypes showed no association with rheumatoid arthritis. Previous investigations of Pi types in rheumatoid arthritis have shown somewhat variable results. The results so far indicate, however, that an association between the Z allele and rheumatoid arthritis is likely to exist, while the evidence for a relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and other Pi alleles is considerably weaker. PMID- 6610508 TI - Crosti's indolent lymphoma and persistent superficial dermatitis. PMID- 6610509 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of three cases of severe combined immunodeficiency: severe T cell deficiency during the first half of gestation in fetuses with adenosine deaminase deficiency. AB - The prenatal diagnosis of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) was made in three fetuses by staining fetal blood obtained at fetoscopy with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. There were less than 100 T cells/mm3 of fetal blood in these three cases compared to 2,500/mm3 in 14 immunologically normal fetuses. Cells bearing the cortical thymocyte antigen (NA1/34) were not detected in any of the normal or affected fetal blood samples. Two of the affected fetuses were also homozygous for a deficiency of adenosine deaminase (ADA) with undetectable levels of red cell ADA. All three affected fetuses were aborted and postmortem tissue was obtained in two cases. In both of these cases the thymus was markedly hypoplastic and contained no lymphoid cells. One of these fetuses was homozygous for ADA deficiency and the virtual absence of T cells or thymocytes during the second trimester of pregnancy indicates that placental access to the maternal circulation does not prevent damage to the T lineage stem cells in this disease. Prenatal diagnosis of SCID has previously only been possible in patients with a defined metabolic defect such as ADA deficiency, but these studies indicate that prenatal diagnosis now may be offered for most at risk pregnancies. PMID- 6610510 TI - Analysis of in vitro polyclonal B cell differentiation responses to bacterial peptidoglycan and pokeweed mitogen in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - To gain insight into possible determinants of in vivo polyclonal B cell activation seen in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we enumerated immunoglobulin secreting cells appearing in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells that were stimulated with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) or a newly described polyclonal B cell activator, bacterial peptidoglycan. Peptidoglycan, the major constituent of the cell wall of gram positive bacteria, has properties which warrant its consideration in the pathogenesis of RA; including the ability to induce rheumatoid factor production as well as a RA like syndrome in experimental animals. RA patients as a group had similar immunoglobulin secreting cell responses in PWM stimulated cultures compared to arthritis controls and showed moderately depressed responses compared to healthy volunteers. However, their in vitro responses to peptidoglycan were markedly depressed when compared to those of both control groups. Of note, severely reduced peptidoglycan-induced responses were seen in 26 of 55 rheumatoid patients who demonstrated intact PWM-induced responses. These impaired responses to peptidoglycan were not due to (1) aberrant kinetic response; (2) shift in the dose-response pattern; (3) decreased cell survival in culture or (4) the inability of peptidoglycan to activate RA cells. Cell fractionation studies indicated that peptidoglycan reactive B cells were present in the blood of some patients but their reactivity was abrogated by suppressor T cells. These studies provide evidence of aberrant in vitro polyclonal B cell activation in patients with RA and provide a basis for further investigation of peptidoglycan as an immunopathogenetic agent in this disease. PMID- 6610511 TI - Measurement of antibody to poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose): its diagnostic value in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Poly (ADP-ribose) and dsDNA binding activity have been measured in sera from 61 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 188 control sera from 20 normal individuals, 144 patients with clinically similar diseases and 24 patients with drug-induced anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA). Elevated poly (ADP-ribose) binding was not observed with normal sera. Five of 144 samples from diseases entering the differential diagnosis of SLE gave raised poly (ADP-ribose) binding compared with 12 in the 125I-dsDNA binding. Only two of these false positive samples gave elevated binding in the 14C-dsDNA assay. The apparent high specificity of the poly(ADP-ribose) assay was not observed with samples containing drug-induced ANA where 62% had elevated binding values. The frequency with which the poly(ADP-ribose) assay was positive with SLE sera (sensitivity) was lower than either of the dsDNA assays. This low sensitivity and the high rate of false positives in patients with drug-induced ANA limit the value of the poly(ADP-ribose) assay as a diagnostic test for SLE. However the restriction of poly(ADP-ribose) antibody to SLE and patients with drug-induced ANA together with the known role of poly(ADP-ribose) in DNA excision repair suggest that the antibody may be of fundamental significance. PMID- 6610512 TI - Passively transferred anti-brush border antibodies induce injury of proximal tubules in the absence of complement. AB - In active Heymann nephritis, antibodies directed against the brush border membrane of proximal tubules are able, when deposited in vivo, to cause substantial damage to the tubule epithelium. Prominent features of the lesion include fragmentation and loss of microvilli and proliferation of epithelial cells. Passive transfer of anti-brush border serum to appropriate proteinuric recipients also leads to proximal tubule pathology. In experiments reported here, full expression of the damage was observed in complement deficient recipients of passively transferred anti-brush border serum. A complement-independent process initiated by cross-linking of membrane determinants, which is analogous to the stimulation of B cell proliferation following cross-linking of Ig receptors by appropriate ligands, could account for the pathogenicity of anti-brush border serum. PMID- 6610513 TI - Defective LN cell proliferative response to Sm antigen in mice bearing the lpr gene. AB - Several normal and lpr/lpr congenic mouse strains were immunized with an autoantigen (Sm) and a conventional antigen (PPD) and tested for their respective in vitro proliferative responses. All normal strains of mice demonstrated a brisk proliferative response to Sm and PPD on days 3 and 5 of culture. Two month old mice bearing the lpr gene demonstrated a proliferative response to the two antigens only on day 3, while by day 5 of culture, the proliferative response was markedly diminished. Mixing experiments between +/+ and lpr/lpr Sm primed lymph node cells ruled out the influence of a suppressor cell within the lpr/lpr population at day 5. The inability to sustain an in vitro proliferative response to antigen in young lpr/lpr mice was not due to an overall T cell defect nor to in vitro cell death since Con A stimulation and viability were the same in cultures containing lpr/lpr and +/+ LN, cells, respectively. The primary defect may be partly attributed to a defect in interleukin-2 (IL-2) production and response. By day 5 of culture, lpr/lpr supernatants contained much lower levels of IL-2 activity compared to supernatants from +/+ cultures. The addition of exogenous IL-2 was only moderately successful in improving the response falling far below that seen when IL-2 was added to +/+ cultures. This study demonstrates a decrease in autoantigen-induced T cell proliferation in mice that spontaneously produce autoantibodies to that antigen. PMID- 6610514 TI - Effects of 12-o-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on the colony growth of human T lymphocytes. AB - The T colony promoting activity of 12-o-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was assessed in a double layer culture assay which is dependent on the simultaneous presence of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and a leucocyte rich underlayer. TPA (10(-8) M) incorporated in the overlayer in place of PHA was capable of promoting T cell growth in the form of clusters in all 37 experiments performed and in the form of colonies in more than 50% of the samples tested. However, the T colony promoting activity of TPA alone was markedly less evident and consistent than that of PHA (mean 13 +/- 19.9 s.d. colonies vs 168 +/- 78.6). TPA concentrations of 10(-6) M, 10(-9) M and 10(-10) M were practically ineffective. On the other hand, the number of colonies obtained when both TPA 10(8) M and PHA were incorporated in the overlayer was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than that observed with PHA alone (mean 250 +/- 108.2 vs 178 +/- 84.5 colonies). When TPA concentrations of 10(-9) M and 10(-10) M were used in addition to PHA, the enhancing effect was less evident, while an inhibition of T colony growth was observed with TPA 10(-6) M + PHA. TPA 10(-8) M was also capable of enhancing T colony growth when incorporated in the leucocyte rich underlayer (222 +/- 98.6 vs 172 +/- 80.9 colonies). In all cultures with TPA the peak of growth was delayed compared with that of control experiments with PHA. These findings demonstrate that TPA, particularly when co-cultured with PHA, is an effective T colony promoting agent. The observation that the number of colonies formed in the presence of TPA plus PHA is higher than the sum of those observed with the two stimulators independently, suggests that their synergistic effect may be mediated via the production of colony stimulating soluble factors. PMID- 6610515 TI - Development of pre-B and B lymphocytes in the human fetus. AB - Cell suspensions from human fetal liver, bone marrow and spleen were systematically studied at between the fetal ages of 8 and 20 weeks by the direct immunofluorescence technique for the presence of pre-B and B cells. Pre-B cells were characterized as lymphoid cells containing cytoplasmic mu heavy chains but lacking surface IgM. Based on their size and morphological appearance, these cells were subdivided into large and small pre-B cells. In the livers of 8 week old fetuses, more than 90% of the total pre-B plus B cell population consisted of pre-B cells; the relative number of liver pre-B cells gradually decreased with increasing gestational age and, after the 14th week, B cells outnumbered pre-B cells. At 20 weeks, the ratio of pre-B to B cells was only 0.25. In contrast, the number of pre-B cells in fetal bone marrow (12-20 weeks) was always greater than that of the B cells. Large and small pre-B cells were present in the liver and bone marrow. Small pre-B cells outnumbered the large ones in both organs and with increasing gestational age the ratio of small to large pre-B cells increased four fold. In fetal spleen (12-20 weeks), no large pre-B cells were seen and the small ones comprised only a minor fraction of the total B-cell population. It can be concluded from these data that during early human fetal life the liver is an important site of pre-B cell production. From 12 weeks onwards, this function is gradually taken over by the bone marrow. During the second half of pregnancy, pre B cell production in fetal liver becomes very much less as compared with the bone marrow. No generation of pre-B cells takes place in the fetal spleen, but a certain amount of maturation of cells of the B cell line may take place in this organ. PMID- 6610516 TI - Potentiation of Leu 11 + natural cytotoxicity by human interleukin 2. AB - Human interleukin 2 was examined for its effect on potentiation of human natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Cells were isolated into Leu 11a + or Leu 11a- on a cell sorter. The data suggest that interleukin 2 potentiates cytotoxicity of the Leu 11a + population. PMID- 6610517 TI - Changes in the number of complement-binding leucocytes in the peripheral blood of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients: indication to a reduction of EAC3bi-binding T cells in the early acute phase of MS. AB - Peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and healthy controls were examined for their reactivity with EAC3b, EAC3b-beta 1H, and EAC3bi intermediates and C3b- or beta 1H-coated microspheres (ms). A marked decrease was found in the number of EAC3b-beta 1H (P = 0.04) and EAC3bi (P = 0.03) rosettes accompanied with a decrease in the number of total T cells (P = 0.0015), when MS patients were examined within the first 14 days after occurrence of disturbances. On the other hand, when MS patients were examined later than 14 days after onset of disturbances or those with a progressive course were examined, EAC3b-beta 1H (P = 0.0002) and EAC3bi (P = 0.0002) rosettes were markedly increased. In studies where fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis was applied on C3b- and beta 1H-coated ms, similar results were obtained as found with EAC intermediates. Based on previous findings these results strongly suggest that the decrease in EAC3b-beta 1H, EAC3bi, and beta 1H-ms-binding PBL was predominantly due to a loss of beta 1H-binding T cells. A possible relevance of this finding to the demyelinating mechanism(s) is discussed. PMID- 6610518 TI - Ia antigen expression is increased on tunicamycin-resistant human B-lymphoid cells. AB - Cultured human B-lymphoid cells WIL-2 were mutated with ethylmethane sulfonate and selected for resistance to tunicamycin, an antibiotic that selectively inhibits N-linked glycosylation. Ultrastructural analysis of five isolated tunicamycin-resistant mutants (TMR) showed changes in surface microvilli, dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum, and an increase in surface myelin figures. Cytofluorometric analysis of TMR cells incubated with anti-HLA monoclonal antibodies showed a normal density of HLA-A, B antigens and an increased density of Ia antigens. The properties of these TMR mutants have remained stable for at least 18 months. These TMR cells may serve as a useful model to study the biochemical events in the processing and expression of Ia antigens. PMID- 6610519 TI - Is Alzheimer's disease an immunological disorder? Observations and speculations. PMID- 6610521 TI - T-cell subsets in glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6610520 TI - Thyroglobulin-induced T-cell in vitro proliferation in Hashimoto's thyroiditis: identification of the responsive subset and effect of monoclonal antibodies directed to Ia antigens. AB - Recently it was reported that the peripheral blood and thyroid gland of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis contain activated (Ia+ and/or MLR4+) T cells and high levels of 5/9+ ("helper") T lymphocytes. In normal individuals the 5/9 monoclonal antibody recognizes a T-cell fraction that includes all T lymphocytes with inducer activities. Here, circulating 5/9+ and 5/9- T lymphocytes were isolated from patients with Hashimoto's disease, and the proliferative response induced by human thyroglobulin was investigated. The results show that the total thyroglobulin-induced lymphocyte DNA synthesis is confined to the 5/9+ T-cell fraction. Further subfractionation of 5/9+ into MLR4+ and MLR4- cells clearly indicates that no substantial differences exist in their proliferative capacities. Whether 5/9, MLR4, and Ia antigens, all expressed on the thyroglobulin-responsive T-cell subset, are involved in thyroglobulin-induced cell proliferation, was also analyzed. Although both 5/9 and MLR4 monoclonal antibodies had no effect, complete inhibition of antigen-induced blastogenesis was observed upon addition of monoclonal antibodies (D1/12 and BT2/9) directed to common determinants of Ia antigens. This inhibitory effect was also observed when T or non-T fractions were separately incubated with the monoclonal antibodies before culture. These results indicate that in humans, as in animals, the major histocompatibility complex may play a role in autoimmune thyroiditis. The data show that (a) the thyroglobulin-induced proliferative response is confined to a subset (5/9+) of T lymphocytes and (b) Ia antigens are involved in thyroglobulin induced lymphocyte DNA synthesis in Hashimoto's disease. PMID- 6610523 TI - High-resolution CT and air CT cisternography in the diagnosis of acoustic neuromas. AB - High-resolution thin-section computed tomography (CT) is helpful in determining the real extent of large acoustic neuromas by means of multiplanar reconstructions. High-resolution CT has to be performed early in the work-up of any patient suspected of acoustic neuroma. Small acoustic neuromas, however, can easily be overlooked because a high percentage of these tumors has an almost isodense appearance (54%), and because 53% enhances after intravenous contrast injection. High-resolution air CT cisternography has to be considered the method of choice for the detection or exclusion of small acoustic neuromas. This procedure also demonstrates ingrowth of the tumor into the neurovascular bundle. PMID- 6610522 TI - Fluoxetine kinetics and protein binding in normal and impaired renal function. AB - The effect of decreased renal function on the disposition and elimination of the nontricyclic antidepressant fluoxetine was examined in 25 adult male subjects after a single 40-mg oral dose. Blood samples for the measurement of fluoxetine and its active metabolite norfluoxetine were drawn 13 times in the first 48 hr after dosing and thrice weekly thereafter for 4 wk. All urine was collected in daily aliquots for 4 wk and was assayed for fluoxetine and norfluoxetine concentrations. The extent of fluoxetine binding to plasma protein was determined by equilibrium dialysis. Kinetic analyses were by noncompartmental methods. The drug and its metabolite were distributed over a large apparent volume and both were eliminated slowly. No correlations between the degree of renal dysfunction and the rate of elimination, volume of distribution, or protein binding were found. Plasma concentrations of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine were not significantly changed by hemodialysis. PMID- 6610524 TI - Angiographic diagnosis at gastrointestinal hemorrhage. AB - The position of angiography in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal hemorrhage is discussed on the basis of a series of 37 patients. In this series, there were angiographic signs of bleeding in 13 cases (35%). The largest group consisted of angiodysplasias. In 24 cases, angiography revealed no signs of bleeding. The cause of symptoms was discovered later in 17 of these cases. Hemorrhagic gastritis and ventricular ulcer were the main causes of bleeding in the latter group. PMID- 6610525 TI - Co-trimoxazole use for resistant Pseudomonas maltophilia. PMID- 6610526 TI - Controversies in antimicrobial susceptibility testing. AB - This article examines a number of areas of disagreement surrounding antimicrobial susceptibility testing and discusses some of the useful susceptibility testing techniques for which no standardized procedures have been established. PMID- 6610527 TI - Myositis in other connective tissue disorders. AB - The clinical features, laboratory tests, EMG and muscle biopsy findings are notably similar in many patients with primary and overlap polymyositis. Studies of the immunological abnormalities and immunopathology in both types of inflammatory skeletal muscle conditions are closely related. Thus, there can be little doubt that both primary and overlap myositis are part of the spectrum of autoimmune rheumatic disease. With the recent introduction of monoclonal antibodies that are capable of defining more precisely the cells in a myositis infiltrate, and the development of more refined in vitro tests to study effector cell populations, the precise mechanisms that cause muscle damage are much closer to being identified. PMID- 6610528 TI - Inflammatory disorders of muscle. Immunological aspects. AB - Immunological abnormalities associated with inflammatory disorders of muscle have the potential for diagnostic utility but current data suggest that there is considerable heterogeneity with overlap between many of the conditions considered in the differential diagnosis. Immunogenetic factors may influence the expression of disease. For example, D-penicillamine may induce myasthenia gravis and/or polymyositis, depending on the HLA antigens of the recipient. PMID- 6610530 TI - Clinical-computed tomographic correlations in colloid cysts of the third ventricle. AB - The clinical and CT findings in 12 patients with colloid cysts are described. Eleven lesions appeared hyperdense on the plain scan and only one lesion was isodense. Five of the lesions showed contrast enhancement. Ten of twelve lesions had associated hydrocephalus. Two patients with colloid cyst had no abnormal neurological findings on examination; and it is unlikely that the symptoms which led to the performance of the CT scan were related to the colloid cyst. PMID- 6610529 TI - Serial changes in a patient with congenital CNS toxoplasmosis as observed with CT. PMID- 6610531 TI - The Scandinavian multicenter photopatch study. Preliminary results. AB - The Scandinavian photopatch test procedure has been applied to 745 patients with suspected photodermatoses during the years 1980-1981. Our experience has been encouraging with the recording of several relevant reactions. A total of 132 positive photocontact reactions and 120 ordinary contact reactions were seen. Photocontact reactions to musk ambrette (19 cases) and PABA (19 cases) were surprisingly frequent. The next most common photocontact reactions were to promethazine (24), chlorpromazine (22 cases) and fentichlor (12). Ordinary contact reactions were observed to balsam of Peru (30), PABA (23), lichen mix (21), wood mix (14) and to perfume mix (10). PMID- 6610532 TI - Surveillance role of various leukocytes in preventing the outgrowth of potentially malignant cells. PMID- 6610533 TI - Models of adoptive T-cell-mediated regression of established tumors. PMID- 6610534 TI - Hypotensive reaction after infusion of a perfluorochemical emulsion. AB - A hypotensive episode after rapid administration of a perfluorochemical emulsion, Fluosol-DA (20%), was associated with an immediate decrease in systemic vascular resistance but no significant change in pulmonary vascular resistance. Although the physiologic mechanism for this episode is unclear, the clinical implications are significant: the infusion rate of Fluosol-DA should not exceed 10 ml/min. PMID- 6610536 TI - Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. PMID- 6610535 TI - Comparison of the effect of 3- and 5-day hypothermic perfusion of dog kidneys on metabolism of tissue slices. AB - Hypothermic perfusion effectively preserves the viability of kidneys for 3 days. Long-term preservation (5 days or greater) has not been consistently obtained. In this study, the differences between kidneys perfused for 3 and 5 days were compared by determining the "integrated-metabolic" capabilities of tissue slices incubated in vitro at 30 degrees C. The "integrated-metabolic" parameters determined include (1) respiration rates, (2) cell volume regulation [total tissue water (TTW) and saccharide permeable space], (3) rate of reaccumulation of K+ and pumping of Na+, (4) maintenance of ATP concentrations, and (5) mitochondrial functions. Conditions that result in high and low concentrations of ATP following perfusion of kidneys for 5 days were also compared for effects on tissue slice metabolism. The results indicate that energy metabolism in tissue slices is well preserved under all conditions and times of perfusion of kidneys. This includes average respiration rates (315 +/- 50, 275 +/- 35, and 255 +/- 45 mumol O2/hr/g dry wt at 0, 3, and 5 days, respectively, mitochondrial function [respiratory control ratio (RCR) = 4.6, 4.0, and 4.1 for 0, 3, and 5 days, respectively], and steady-state concentration of ATP in slices after incubation (4.0 +/- 1.45, 3.9 +/- 1.28, and 3.3 +/- 0.81 mumol/g/dry wt, for 0, 3, and 5 days, respectively). The primary differences between 3- and 5-day perfused kidneys were the capability of the slices to regulate cell volume and reaccumulate K+. Slices from kidneys perfused for 3 days maintained the TTW at 3.8 kg/kg dry wt, a value similar to that of control tissue slices. However, slices from 5-day perfused kidneys remained swollen (TTW = 4.6 kg/kg dry wt). Also, slices from the 5-day perfused kidney pumped K+ at less than one-half the rate found in slices from control or 3-day preserved kidneys. No significant differences were apparent in the permeability properties of the tissue slices from kidneys perfused for 3 and 5 days to radiolabeled saccharides. The defects in membrane-linked transport functions, resulting from long-term kidney perfusion, were reduced in kidneys containing a high concentration of ATP. The results suggest that one factor which may limit successful preservation of kidneys is the increased membrane permeability (to electrolytes) which is partially prevented by maintaining elevated concentrations of tissue ATP during perfusion. PMID- 6610537 TI - Resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Implication of folinic acid. AB - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a well-known complication of immunosuppression in renal transplant recipients. Treatment is generally with trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ). A case of Pneumocystis pneumonia failed to respond to TMP-SMZ until concomitant administration of folinic acid was stopped. Physicians should be alerted to the possibility that folinic acid may impair the efficacy of TMP-SMZ in Pneumocystis carinii infection. PMID- 6610538 TI - Comparison of in vitro activities of eight new beta-lactam compounds against cephalothin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from hospital patients. AB - The in vitro antibacterial activity of eight newer beta-lactam antibiotics (mecillinam, piperacillin, mezlocillin, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, moxalactam, ceftriaxone and ceftazidime) was determined against 87 cephalothin-resistant strains of Enterobacteriaceae isolated during 6 months in a general hospital. Ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, moxalactam and ceftazidime proved to be highly active; only a minority of strains required higher concentrations than 0.125 microgram/ml for inhibition of growth. Cefoxitin, mecillinam, mezlocillin and piperacillin were less active. Mecillinam displayed greater efficacy against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and Enterobacter spp., while the same was the case for piperacillin against Proteus mirabilis and Serratia marcescens, and for cefoxitin against indole-positive Proteus spp. The production of beta-lactamase was correlated with a reduced activity of mecillinam, mezlocillin and piperacillin but not of cefoxitin or the other beta-lactamase-stable cephalosporins. However, some strains, mainly those of Proteus, Enterobacter and Serratia, though resistant to mecillinam, mezlocillin and piperacillin did not produce beta-lactamases. This observation might indicate that ceftriaxone, moxalactam, cefotaxime and ceftazidime, besides their indifference to beta-lactamases, are characterized also by a high degree of intrinsic activity. PMID- 6610539 TI - Influence of spontaneous and inducible beta-lactamase production on the antimicrobial activity of recently developed beta-lactam compounds. AB - The activity of 9 recently developed beta-lactam compounds was evaluated in 185 ampicillin-resistant isolates of Enterobacteriaceae. Moreover, in all strains, spontaneous and inducible beta-lactamase production was quantified and correlated with the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each compound. In most species, no correlation could be observed between spontaneously produced beta lactamase and the MICs, with the only exceptions of Serratia spp. and Morganella morganii isolates for methoxyimino cephalosporins and azthreonam. On the other hand, the increase of MICs of third-generation cephalosporins and azthreonam correlated well with the total amount of enzyme produced. With respect to temocillin and the penem compound Sch 29 482, there was a significant correlation of enzyme production and MICs only among the Citrobacter spp. isolates. It can be assumed that the effectiveness of the new agents is not only due to the low rate of hydrolysis, but also to the rapid binding to the lethal target. PMID- 6610540 TI - Rifampicin and rifapentine in treatment of experimental listeriosis in normal mice and athymic (nude) mice. AB - Rifampicin and rifapentine were used in the treatment of Listeria monocytogenes infections in normal mice and congenitally athymic (nude) mice. Results were compared with untreated controls and with the results obtained from a previous study of ampicillin in which this model was used. Low doses of rifampicin or rifapentine were adequate to cure normal mice. The efficacy of these antibiotic treatment schedules was lost in nude mice. Prolonged antibiotic treatment schedules with increased dosages were also unsuccessful. These studies show that rifampicin and rifapentine , two antimicrobial agents being capable of destroying intracellular bacteria, were not effective in curing the Listeria infection in mice with impaired host defenses. PMID- 6610541 TI - Serum lipase response to cerulein secretin stimulation test in patients with pancreas-associated diseases as measured by sensitive colorimetric assay (a BALB DTNB method). AB - We have compared responsiveness of serum lipase and amylase activity to the pancreatic exocrine stimulation with cerulein and secretin (CS test) in normal subjects and patients with pancreas-related and other diseases. The lipase and amylase activities were measured by a sensitive colorimetric method, the BALB DTNB method and the Caraway method, respectively. The percentage of positive lipase and amylase response cases was as follows: confirmed chronic pancreatitis (N = 22), 27 and 14%; suspected chronic pancreatitis (N = 37), 46 and 32%; pancreatic cancer (N = 16), 44 and 25%; biliary tract diseases (N = 11), 14 and 14%; miscellaneous (N = 11), 0 and 18%; normal subjects (N = 13), and partial pancreatectomy (N = 5), 0 and 0%, respectively. The serum lipase response cannot be regarded as specific for pancreatic diseases because the lipase response cases were found in biliary tract diseases as well. However, in view of frequent, fast, and intense responsiveness to the CS test, the serum lipase activity measured by the BALB-DTNB method may be more useful than the serum amylase as an auxiliary diagnostic aid for suspected pancreatitis which might develop into confirmed chronic pancreatitis or cancer of the head or body of the pancreas. PMID- 6610542 TI - [Detection of the dynamic structure during isometric contraction of skeletal muscle]. PMID- 6610543 TI - [Critical nature of the effect of the degree of polyelectrolyte polymerization on immunostimulating properties]. PMID- 6610544 TI - [Structural and functional basis of the conditions for the activating action of focused ultrasound on the receptors of the acoustic labyrinth]. PMID- 6610545 TI - [Systemic lupus erythematosus. Brown-Sequard syndrome, spinal ataxia and peripheral polyneuropathy as the sole manifestations]. AB - Neurologic manifestations were the sole symptoms of disease in three patients with systemic lupus erythematodes (SLE): one case presented with Brown-Sequard's syndrome, a second with spinal ataxia and polyneuropathy, and a third with polyneuropathy. In all three patients there was a considerable delay in making the diagnosis after onset of neurological symptoms. The diagnosis was established either by demonstration of antinuclear antibodies in combination with antibodies against dsDNA or by the demonstration of antibodies against dsDNA alone. In two patients perivascular deposits of IgG and C3 were seen in skin-muscle biopsies from the calf region. PMID- 6610548 TI - Sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices after variceal haemorrhage. AB - Fifty-six patients with recent variceal haemorrhage were studied in a trial of repeated injection sclerotherapy through the flexible oesophagoscope, with a mean follow-up of 15.2 months (1-39). Twenty-five patients (45%) did not suffer further bleedings. The risk of bleeding per patient-month of follow-up decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) after starting therapy, in all groups of cirrhosis, classified according to Child's criteria. Mortality during the study period was 39% (19.6% due to recurrence of variceal bleeding). The main complications of the procedure were the development of oesophageal wall ulcerations and oesophageal stricture. PMID- 6610547 TI - 24,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol induces the growth of chick cartilage in vitro. AB - Recent studies have indicated that 24R,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [24R,25(OH)2D3] induces development of endochondral bone. It binds specifically to cytoplasmic and nuclear receptors in epiphyseal cartilage cells. In the present investigation we report the effects of 24R,25(OH)2D3 in comparison to other active vitamin-D metabolites on cell growth. This study was performed on micro-mass cell cultures which were prepared from 4.5-day-old embryonic chick skeletal mesenchyme: this culture consists of a high proportion of chondrocytes. Twelve nM 24R,25(OH)2D3 induces a 2-fold increase in [3H] thymidine incorporation into DNA after 24 h of treatment. Other metabolites, either at this or higher concentrations, had no significant effect. [3H]-leucine incorporation into protein and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity were also enhanced only by 24R,25(OH)2D3 at 12 nM (2.4- and 2.0-fold, respectively). These results present supporting evidence for the specific role of 24R,25 (OH)2D3 in the growth and differentiation of developing cartilage cells. PMID- 6610546 TI - Human and bovine milk contain different sets of growth factors. AB - Growth factor activity is present in human milk throughout the lactation period but is in bovine milk only during the colostral phase. Biochemical analysis shows that the growth factors in human and bovine milk are not the same. Human milk contains three species of growth factors. One of these, designated human milk growth factor (HMGF) III, constitutes over 75% of the total growth factor activity of human milk. HMGF III has a mol wt of about 6,000, a pI between 4.4 and 4.7, and is resistant to treatment with dithiothreitol. Comparative biochemical studies strongly suggest that HMGF III is a human epidermal growth factor (EGF). On the other hand, bovine colostrum has no EGF-like growth factor. Instead, the major growth factor component of bovine colostrum has a mol wt between 30,000 and 35,000 and is inactivated by dithiothreitol treatment. The bovine colostrum growth factor (BCGF) is similar biochemically to one of the minor growth factors in human milk, HMGF II, which accounts for about 20% of the growth factor activity of human milk. HMGF III, the EGF-like polypeptide, can be purified to homogeneity by a combination of size exclusion and anion exchange chromatography. Purified HMGF III stimulates DNA synthesis in 3T3 cells at a concentration of about 25 ng/ml. PMID- 6610549 TI - Endoscopic injection sclerosis of oesophageal varices in children--indications and techniques. AB - Endoscopic injection sclerosis (EIS) of oesophageal varices is a valuable alternative treatment of recurrent variceal haemorrhage in childhood, since derivative treatment is not always possible; the spontaneous regression of varices occurring in some cases could also be promoted by EIS. A modified technique using a specially designed silicone rubber tube around the pediatric type fiberscope in order to compress the injected varix is described. Eight children aged between 15 months and 12 years were treated with this method and 2 to 4 varices were sclerosed at each procedure using the Olympus NM3K injector. A constant reduction of the volume of the treated varices was observed, and the risks of variceal bleeding diminished significantly. PMID- 6610550 TI - Therapeutic arterial embolisation in children. AB - Arterial embolisation was performed in five paediatric patients. Indications were hypersplenism in two, gastrointestinal bleeding in two and treatment of an aneurysmal bone cyst in one. Embolisation provided definitive treatment in each case with no complications. PMID- 6610551 TI - Nuclear bodies in mouse lymphoid cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. AB - C57 BL/6J mouse spleen lymphocytes have been stimulated by a polyclonal mitogene, the lipopolysaccharide of E. coli (LPS). Depending on the LPS concentration, two pathways of B lymphocyte differentiation can be obtained. At low dose, the population is mainly composed of blast cells (85%) and at a high dose, the latter transforms into plasma cells (80%). Four types of nuclear bodies have been distinguished and quantitatively studied at several stages of cell differentiation. Only the simple nuclear bodies type A, which could be related to the nuclear matrix, show quantitative modifications in small lymphocytes. Connections between granular nuclear bodies (type D) and nucleolar material have been observed. Some granular nuclear bodies exhibit a morphological zone similar to the nucleolar fibrillar centre as well as fibrillar and granular components. Autoradiographic studies indicate that the granular nuclear bodies contain RNA synthesized elsewhere in the nucleus and that this RNA subsequently migrates to the cytoplasm. Furthermore connections between granular nuclear bodies and chromatin have also been observed. PMID- 6610553 TI - Increased genital uptake of 99mTc red blood cells: a potential cause of false positive studies for gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - We have recently seen several 99mTc labeled red blood (Tc-RBC) cell studies, for the localization of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, which were difficult to interpret because of increased activity in the low abdomen, which was found due to male genital activity. To examine the extent of this problem six recent Tc-RBC studies for GI bleeding in males were examined for the presence of penile activity. Penile activity was seen in all males and was marked enough to require additional views in four. Lateral views readily separated penile from rectal activity, showing that the activity was not posteriorly located. Twenty-four Tc RBC studies on females were also examined. Although modest levels of perineal activity could be seen, this did not cause problems in diagnosis. Attention to this common problem in males should prevent false-positive diagnoses of GI bleeding from the rectum. PMID- 6610552 TI - Quantification of regional extravascular lung water in dogs with positron emission tomography, using constant infusion of 15O-labeled water. AB - Continuous infusion of 15O-labeled water allows a quantitative measurement of the total water pool in the chest region by positron emission tomography (PET). By subsequent inhalation of 11CO the intravascular space (blood pool) can be quantitated as well. After a suitable normalization of the intravascular activities the extravascular water can be determined by subtraction of the blood pool from the water pool. The regional extravascular lung water distribution can be visualized in tomographic slices. The method was validated in an animal experiment using five dogs. They were measured before and after induction of a lung edema by IV injection of oleic acid. The increase of extravascular lung water was monitored by the thermo-dye-dilution method (TDD). The correlation of extravascular lung water as measured by TDD with PET measurements is good (r = 0.94). The PET values agree also with gravimetric lung water determinations. An absolute quantitation of regional extravascular lung water is possible after absorption correction of the PET data via transmission measurements and calibration of the camera system. The uncertainty in the absolute quantification is +/- 20%. In the experiments described here the mean extravascular lung water was 0.13 g/cm3 before and 0.25 g/cm3 after induction of lung edema. PMID- 6610554 TI - On subject selection in cognitive aging research. AB - This paper surveys the recent practices of subject selection in cognitive aging research and provides examples of how the magnitude of age differences in the overall population could be under- or over-estimated given different sample distributions of gender, health, education and intellectual functioning. Some guidelines are suggested for consideration in future research. PMID- 6610555 TI - The single dose kinetics of chloroquine and its major metabolite desethylchloroquine in healthy subjects. AB - The kinetics and disposition of chloroquine (CQ) and its metabolite monodesethylchloroquine (CQM) were investigated in 5 healthy volunteers after incremental (150-300-600mg CQ base) single oral doses of CQ. The analytical method used (HPLC and fluorescence detection) is the most sensitive known method for CQ and CQM. Plasma and whole blood concentrations of CQ, CQM and a third metabolite, bidesethylchloroquine (CQMM), were determined. The kinetics of CQ was found to be unique. The best fit was obtained by a multicompartmental model. The biological half-life appeared to be between 30-60 days; the volume of distribution (Vd) was approximately 8001/kg, and the clearance approximately 11/h/kg when calculated from plasma data. The whole blood concentrations were approximately 8-10 times higher than in plasma, and consequently the Vd and whole blood clearance were approximately 10 times lower. The kinetics changed as the dose was increased. An indication of capacity-limited steps in CQ disposition was found, as the rate constants decreased even though the clearance remained the same. The intrinsic half-life of CQM was 1/4 of that of CQ, but was prolonged after the highest dose of CQ. The present knowledge of CQ kinetics could provide a basis for revision of current dosage regimens in malaria suppression and rheumatoid disease to ensure efficacious and safe therapy. PMID- 6610556 TI - Both Fc receptors and lymphocyte-function-associated antigen 1 on human T gamma lymphocytes are required for antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (killer cell activity). AB - A monoclonal antibody, designated CLB-LFA-1/1, directed to the human lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) was raised by immunization of mice with the peripheral blood lymphocytes of a T gamma lymphocytosis patient. The monoclonal antibody was selected by inhibition of the natural killer cell and the antibody dependent killer cell activity of the patient's T gamma lymphocytes. In addition, the monoclonal antibody was shown to inhibit the cytotoxic activity of T cell clones specific for either class I or class II HLA molecules. The antigen recognized by CLB-LFA-1/1 consisted of three polypeptide chains with molecular weights of 180 000 (alpha), 155 000 and 94 000 (beta). The antibody reacted with T cells, B cells, monocytes and granulocytes, and stained normal T gamma cells and T gamma cells of patients with T gamma lymphocytosis two- to threefold stronger than normal T cells. It was shown that LFA-1 and the Fc receptor on T gamma cells did not comodulate and it is therefore concluded that Fc receptors and LFA-1 are independent membrane structures, both required for the killer cell activity of T gamma cells. PMID- 6610557 TI - Anti-immunoglobulin antibodies IV. Cross-reaction of anti-idiotypic antibodies specific for rabbit and murine anti-a1 allotype antibodies with Fc fragment of human immunoglobulins. AB - Anti-idiotype (Id) antibodies against anti-a1 rabbit allotype antibodies were produced in rabbits and mice by immunization with polyclonal rabbit anti-a1 allotype or with a monoclonal murine anti-a1 allotype antibody, respectively. These antibodies recognize an interspecies cross-reactive idiotope on anti-a1 allotype antibodies. However, these anti-Id antibodies also react with various subclasses of human IgG. In multiple systems, it was shown that these anti-Id antibodies interact with the Fc fragment of human IgG and, therefore, exhibit a rheumatoid factor-like activity. These results support the hypothesis that gamma globulin may not be the only stimulus to clones producing rheumatoid factors and that perhaps other antibodies, especially anti-Id antibodies, also bind gamma globulin secondarily. PMID- 6610558 TI - Human T cell antigens involved in cytotoxicity against allogeneic or autologous chemically modified targets. Association of the Leu 2a/T8 antigen with effector target cell binding and of the T3/Leu 4 antigen with triggering. AB - Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) recognizing human T cell differentiation antigens were employed to analyze the role of these antigens on T cell-mediated cytotoxicity against autologous 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl (TNP)-modified targets. The OKT3/anti-Leu 4 and anti-Leu 2a/OKT8 mAb inhibited T cell-mediated cytotoxicity against autologous or unrelated TNP-modified targets, in the absence of complement and at the effector cell level. These cytotoxic effector cells were T3+, T8+, T11+, T4-. To analyze the role of the T3/Leu 4 and Leu 2a/T8 T cell differentiation antigens in the cytolytic process, we investigated the stages of this process that were inhibited by the OKT3/anti-Leu 4 and anti-Leu 2a/OKT8 mAb. Using: (a) visual adhesions, and (b) a single cell cytotoxicity assay in agarose, we observed that the OKT3 and anti-Leu 4 mAb did not inhibit binding of effector cells to allogeneic targets or to autologous E rosette-negative TNP-modified targets, although they significantly inhibited both the proportions of target cells in conjugates that were lysed, and the 51Cr release. In contrast, the anti Leu 2a and OKT8 mAb blocked cytotoxicity by inhibiting binding of effector cells to the allogeneic or to autologous chemically modified targets. To further analyze the stages of the cytolytic process (adhesion; programming for lysis or lethal hit; and cytotoxic cell-independent lysis) that were inhibited by these mAb, we employed the detachment and dispersion method. This method is based on the differential temperature requirements of adhesion (which occurred both at 37 degrees C or 20 degrees C) and of programming for lysis (which occurred at 37 degrees C but not at 20 degrees C). Operational adhesions were determined by the 51Cr-release assay after dispersion of effector and target cells in a 10% solution of dextran (mol. wt. 500 000). Programming for lysis was determined by the 51Cr-release assay after detachment of effector-target cell conjugates with 10 mM EDTA and dispersion in 10% dextran solution. Using this method we determined that mAb recognizing the Leu 2a/T8 antigen blocked cytotoxicity by inhibiting adhesion and binding of effector cells to target cells. These antibodies do not affect post-adhesion stages of the cytolytic process. In contrast, the OKT3 and anti-Leu 4 mAb inhibit a post-adhesion step of the cytolytic process, that occurs before irreversible events of the programming for lysis stage have taken place.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6610559 TI - The interaction of high endothelial venules with T and B cells in peripheral lymph nodes after antigenic stimulation. AB - The influence of an ongoing immune response on the specific interaction of high endothelial venules (HEV) in peripheral lymph nodes with T and B cells was determined using short-term homing experiments and an in vitro HEV adherence assay. It was demonstrated that stimulation with various antigens did not change the receptor specificity of the HEV. However, the retention and/or the efflux of immigrant cells in the stimulated lymph nodes had changed. PMID- 6610560 TI - Depression of automaticity of the rabbit SA node by bepridil and nifedipine. AB - The effects of bepridil and nifedipine, newly developed Ca2+ antagonists, were studied on the spontaneous action potentials of the true pacemaker cell preparations (0.5 X 0.5 mm) obtained from the rabbit sino-atrial (SA) node. At the lower concentrations, bepridil (10(-6) M) and nifedipine (10(-8) M) decreased the spontaneous activity in accordance with the decrease of the maximum rate of rise of the action potential (Vmax), without changing the maximum diastolic potential (MDP) and the 50% action potential duration ( APD50 ). At the high concentrations, bepridil (5 X 10(-6) M) and nifedipine (5 X 10(-8) M) stopped the sinus automaticity with the depolarization of the MDP. The action potential could not be induced by the hyperpolarizing electrical stimulation in the presence of the higher concentration of these drugs. The results suggest that bepridil and nifedipine have a primary effect of the blocking action on the SA node slow channels, similar to the action of verapamil. This can account for their negative chronotropic action. PMID- 6610561 TI - Reversible pinocytosis of horseradish peroxidase in lymphoid cells. AB - A detailed study of fluid phase endocytosis of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in rat lymph node cells (LNC) is presented in this paper. Preliminary experiments have shown that HRP was internalized by non-receptor-mediated endocytosis and interacted minimally or not at all with plasma membrane of LNC, and can then be considered as a true fluid phase marker for these cells. Kinetics of uptake of HRP was found not to be linear with incubation time at 37 degrees C and deviation from linearity can be attributed to constant exocytosis of HRP. The kinetics of exocytosis cannot be described by a single exponential process. Rather, a minimum of two exponentials is required to account for exocytosis. This suggests that at least two intracellular compartments are involved in this process. The first turns over very rapidly with a t 1/2 release of about 3 min and is saturated after 10 min of exposure with HRP. The second, which turns over very slowly, is characterized by a t 1/2 release of about 500 min and accounts for the intracellular accumulation of HRP. Similar biphasic kinetics of exocytosis were observed with unfractionated LNC, with T lymphocyte-enriched LNC and with lymphocytes purified according to their density. This suggests that most, if not all, LNC are able to release HRP and that each cell type is endowed with the two intracellular compartments. Kinetics of uptake of HRP in these two compartments indicated that they are probably filled by two endocytic pathways, at least partially independent. Taken together, these results seem to indicate that a rapid membrane recycling occurs in lymphocytes. Furthermore, the weak base ammonium chloride and the carboxylic ionophore monensin were shown in our study to inhibit fluid phase endocytosis of HRP. The inhibition was time-dependent and required a preincubation of the cells with the drugs to be observed. Our results suggest that a perturbation of the vesicular traffic or a sequestration of membranes involved in HRP uptake is induced by these drugs. Under these conditions the release of cell-associated HRP was also reduced and to the same extent as the inhibition of uptake. Distribution of HRP between the two compartments and the t 1/2 release of HRP from either compartment were not perturbed. Taken together these results seem to indicate that exocytosis is not specifically affected by these drugs. Inhibition of uptake in drug-treated cells could result from a general decrease of membrane recycling or to the formation of smaller pinocytic vesicles with a different surface to volume ratio. PMID- 6610562 TI - Compactin (ML-236B) reduces the content of filipin-cholesterol complexes in the plasma membrane of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. AB - The polyene antibiotic filipin was used to visualize the presence and distribution of cholesterol in the plasma membrane of glutaraldehyde-fixed human chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. Both compactin (ML-236B), a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, and 25 hydroxycholesterol reduced the content of filipin-cholesterol complexes in the plasma membrane of CLL cells grown in media supplemented with either 15% delipidized horse serum or 15% normal (whole) horse serum. The reduction due to compactin was reversed by the concomitant addition of mevalonolactone. The ability of compactin to reduce the relative cholesterol content (as judged by filipin labeling) in CLL cells grown in lipoprotein-containing (normal) serum suggest that either CLL cells are different from other cells in that they predominantly utilize endogenously synthesized cholesterol for incorporation into the plasma membrane, or that a separate pool of endogenously synthesized cholesterol provides cholesterol for the plasma membrane. PMID- 6610563 TI - Biological age and its estimation. III. Introduction of a correction to the multiple regression model of biological age in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. AB - In order to eliminate systematic error inherent in assessment of an individual biological age (BA), a correction is suggested for the multiple regression model of BA. The larger the difference between an individual's chronological age and middle age of the sample, the greater the correction value. BA estimates of apparently healthy people of 60 to 100 years were assessed using measurements of three physiological indices: hand grip strength, short-time memory, and vibrotactile sensitivity. Introduction of the correction allowed comparison of BA estimates of the same individual obtained from repeated observations. Preliminary results show there are at least four types of the BA changes with advancing age. PMID- 6610564 TI - Pharmacokinetics of isoprazone, a new analgesic antipyretic agent, in the rat. PMID- 6610565 TI - [Methodological problems of screening immunotropic agents]. AB - The author analyzes the requirements for the models applied in the screening of immunotropic agents. Reviews the characteristics of the screening of such substances. Suggests a variant to be used in the system of screening the immunotropic drugs. PMID- 6610566 TI - Research on heterocyclic compounds. XVII. 2-Methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine-3 carboxylic acids. AB - A group of ethyl 2-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylates were prepared by reaction of ethyl 2-chloroacetoacetate with some 2-aminopyrimidines. These ethyl esters were then converted into the corresponding carboxylic acids via alkaline hydrolysis. The acids so obtained were evaluated for antiinflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and ulcerogenic activities. PMID- 6610567 TI - [Pharmacologic profile of a new compound with antiinflammatory activity: 2-(4 dimethylvinylphenyl)propionic acid (Gx 258)]. AB - Gx 258, a new phenylalkanoic acid derivative, was shown in animal tests to possess potent antiinflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity. Its antiinflammatory activity was not mediated via the pituitary-adrenal axis, since it was also effective in adrenalectomized rats. Since large doses of Gx 258, 9-83 times greater than those showing antiinflammatory activity, were required to produce gastrointestinal lesions in rats, Gx 258 appears to have a very good therapeutic index. Its therapeutic index as an antiinflammatory and analgesic agent was 2.3-20.5 times greater than that of the parent compound ibuprofen. Gx 258, like ibuprofen, inhibited the biosynthesis of prostaglandins in vitro. PMID- 6610568 TI - Evidence that the mitochondrial activator of phosphorylated branched-chain 2 oxoacid dehydrogenase complex is the dissociated E1 component of the complex. AB - Branched-chain 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complex is inactivated by phosphorylation of the alpha-subunit of the E1 component of the complex. High-speed supernatant from rat liver mitochondria contains an activator protein which can restore activity to the phosphorylated complex without concomitant dephosphorylation [(1982) FEBS Lett. 147, 35-39]. We report here several lines of evidence which indicate that activator is the dissociated non-phosphorylated form of the E1 component. PMID- 6610569 TI - Anaphylatoxin-mediated regulation of human and murine immune responses. AB - C3a and C5a derived from the human complement components C3 and C5, respectively, were found to possess immunoregulatory activities. C3a was found to be capable of suppressing both antigen-specific and polyclonal antibody responses. In contrast, C3a was unable to suppress antigen- or mitogen-induced B or T cell proliferative responses. Helper T cells were found to be the target of C3a-mediated immunosuppression. Suppression occurred via the generation of suppressor T cells. In contrast to the results obtained with C3a, C5a was found to augment both antigen-specific and non-specific in vitro humoral immune responses. Moreover, C5a potentiated antigen- and alloantigen-induced T cell proliferative responses. As opposed to C3ades Arg-77, C5ades Arg retained all of the immunoregulatory activity associated with the intact molecule. Helper T cells are required for C5a mediated potentiation of the Fc fragment-mediated polyclonal antibody response. Substitution for T cells by a soluble T cell-replacing factor rendered lymphocytes refractory to the enhancing properties of C5a. PMID- 6610570 TI - Role of complement in the immune response. AB - Evidence has accumulated that shows that fragments of C3 are potent inhibitors of immune responses. A low-molecular-weight fragment of C3 and fragments possessing leukocyte-mobilizing activity have been shown to block both antigen- and mitogen induced human T cell proliferation, and to block mixed lymphocyte culture responses and the generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes. The same fragments inhibit the development of secondary in vitro antibody responses of rat lymphocytes. C3b can be shown to inhibit the polyclonal activation of human lymphocytes by pokeweed mitogen, but it has no effect on T cell proliferation or on the generation of cytotoxic T cells. We now propose that different C3 fragments selectively act on various lymphocyte subsets and thus play a profound role in regulating both immune effector functions and the intensity of the immune response. PMID- 6610572 TI - [Spectral sensitivity of total late receptor potential of Rana temporaria with scotopic and photopic vision]. PMID- 6610571 TI - Parallel sets and the internal image of antigen within the idiotypic network. AB - Antibodies carrying the internal image of antigens and antibodies with different specificities sharing idiotypes, which were called parallel sets, have been looked on as mere curiosities or odd by-products of antibody diversity. New findings supporting the existence of these antibodies in various experimental systems were presented. In addition, molecular studies of parallel sets in an arsonate system suggested that the genes encoding for these antibodies originate from germ line genes but use a different JH segment. The functions of these antibodies within the idiotype network were discussed. PMID- 6610573 TI - [Epidemiology of peripheral lymph node tuberculosis]. PMID- 6610574 TI - T-lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte dichotomy in anuran amphibians: II. Further investigations on the E-rosetting lymphocyte by using monoclonal antibody azathioprine inhibition and mitogen-induced polyclonal expansion. AB - We have continued to search for characteristics of T-lymphocytes in anuran amphibians. Inhibition assays using the monoclonal antibodies OKT-11 and T-11, the T-cell immunosuppressive drug azathioprine, and mitogens confirmed the nature of E-rosetting peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in Rana pipiens. Both monoclonal antibodies specifically inhibited E-rosetting in a dose-dependent fashion; absorption of the monoclonals by frog PBL specifically removed inhibition on human E-rosetting T-cells. Lysostripping frog E-receptors with monoclonals and a second FITC antibody revealed a fluorescent lymphocyte population which capped off the receptor as shown by subsequent inhibition of E rosetting. Significant resynthesis of E-receptors occurred 24 hours after lysostripping, especially in nylon wool effluent fractions. Azathioprine allowed us to define tentatively two subpopulations of E-rosetting lymphocytes: one nylon wool adherent and sensitive to inhibition at low concentrations and another resistant but sensitive to higher (cytotoxic) concentrations of azathioprine. In addition, T-cell but not B-cell mitogens induced expansion of E-rosetting cell populations. Our results support a thymic origin for Rana pipiens' E-rosetting cells. With respect to evolution, human and frog E-receptors are probably homologous, sharing at least one and probably two different antigenic determinants. PMID- 6610575 TI - Studies on T-cells of the lizard, Calotes versicolor: adherent and non-adherent populations of the spleen. AB - The Nylon-wool adherent and non-adherent populations of splenocytes obtained from both normal and immunized lizards were subjected to treatment with heterologous anti-thymocyte serum (ATS) and their capacity to migrate in-vitro out of capillary tubes and to mediate cell mediated immunity (CMI) as adjudged by migration inhibition method studied. It was found that the non-adherent splenocytes migrate faster and this migration is inhibited by ATS treatment. Further, the property of mediating antigen specific migration inhibition (MI) resides with this non-adherent population and this property is abolished by ATS treatment. In contrast, the adherent splenocytes migrate little, do not mediate MI and are not susceptible to ATS. It is clear from the study that the non adherent splenocyte population is enriched for ATS sensitivity and that the same population from immunized lizards is effective in inhibiting migration of indicator splenocytes in the presence of antigen. These cells may very well be a population of T-cells similar to that of higher vertebrates. PMID- 6610576 TI - B cell activation in chickens induced by Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Conventional mammalian polyclonal B cell activators were evaluated for activity in chicken spleen and peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) cultures. Although lipopolysaccharide was found to have a marginal influence on proliferation, two strains of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (Cowan I and Wood 46 strains) induced moderate proliferation in both spleen and PBL cultures. In spleen cell cultures the proliferating cell population was identified as the B cell. The mitogenic response required the presence of adherent cells since their removal eliminated the response. Evidence of in vitro polyclonal immunoglobulin synthesis could not be obtained. However, when administered intravenously, S. aureus induced polyclonal immunoglobulin synthesis. PMID- 6610577 TI - Smoking in pregnancy: relevance of maternal screening tests on fetal outcome. AB - A number of laboratory parameters were estimated in 54 pregnant women in order to assess whether changes induced by smoking could reflect weight gain in the fetus. There was a significant correlation between maternal weight gain index, oestriol levels, antithrombin III levels and reticulocyte synthesis with infant and placental weight gain. One or more of these tests was found abnormal in 27% of normal pregnant patients, 72% of light smokers, and 89% of heavy smokers. Several other parameters were found to be significantly altered in smoking compared to non-smoking pregnant patients; however, these bore no relationship to infant and placental parameters. These studies indicate that laboratory assessment of a number of maternal parameters could be of some value in determining the likelihood of depressed weight gain by infants of smoking mothers. PMID- 6610579 TI - Surface glycoprotein changes during normal and malignant haematopoietic differentiation. PMID- 6610578 TI - Immune response against vaccinia virus in rhesus monkeys: no evidence for primary MHC-restricted cytolytic T cells. AB - Rhesus monkeys were tested in vitro for their cellular immune response after infection with vaccinia virus, employing lymphocyte preparations from various lymphoid tissues. Although virus-infected target cells were lysed by lymphoid cells from immunized, but not from uninfected, rhesus monkeys, we could neither find evidence for MHC-restricted T cells nor for antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Kinetics of target cell lysis, the killing patterns of immune lymphocytes measured on syngeneic, allogeneic, and xenogeneic target cells, and the influence of protein A on cytotoxic activity in vitro suggest induction predominantly of natural killer cells in vivo which exhibit lytic activity on virus-infected target cells in vitro. PMID- 6610580 TI - The acute action of fenbufen and piroxicam on the gastric mucosa as measured by gastric microbleeding. AB - The acute effect of a single dose of two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, fenbufen (Lederfen) and piroxicam, was tested on the human gastric mucosa for their ability to cause damage, as measured by microbleeding. In a volunteer trial in which twelve subjects took part, a single dose of 600 mg of fenbufen was compared with a placebo and a single dose of 20 mg of piroxicam on separate occasions. After taking the drugs, stomachs were aspirated via a nasogastric tube over the following 3 hours. When the haemoglobin in the aspirates was assayed it was concluded that fenbufen caused no more microbleeding than the placebo and less than that caused by piroxicam over the time period tested. PMID- 6610581 TI - The hormonal control of adenylate cyclase in rabbit myometrium: in vitro inhibition by adenosine and lack of effect of progesterone. AB - The mechanism by which progesterone modifies uterine smooth muscle cell contraction is still unknown. We investigated the biochemical basis of progesterone effects on myometrium of estradiol-primed rabbits. Progesterone did not affect adenylate cyclase basal activity and displayed no interaction with stimulators of myometrium adenylate cyclase (NaF, guanylyl nucleotides, beta adrenoreceptor agonists, prostaglandins, forskolin) or with adenosine. On the other hand, adenosine inhibited myometrial adenylate cyclase, which correlates with its contracting properties in vivo; this inhibition is mediated through interaction at 'P sites'. We conclude that whilst adenosine inhibits myometrial adenylate cyclase by acting at 'P sites', progesterone does not interact directly with adenylate cyclase to regulate myometrial contractility. PMID- 6610582 TI - The in vitro and in vivo effect of estradiol upon the 17 alpha-hydroxylase and C17,20-lyase activity in the ovaries of immature hypophysectomized rats. AB - The effect of a single injection of estradiol benzoate upon the activity of 17 alpha-hydroxylase and C17,20-lyase in the ovaries of hypophysectomized immature rats was investigated. Tritiated H2O from 17 alpha-[3H]progesterone and 14CH3COOH from 21-[14C]progesterone were the products measured to evaluate the hydroxylase and lyase activities respectively. Estradiol (E2) had no direct effect upon the activity of the enzymes in vitro even when present at twice the concentration of the substrate. However, when given in vivo, E2 reduced the activity of both enzymes. The ratio of the activities remained constant supporting the contention that both enzyme activities reside in one cytochrome P-450. Cycloheximide attenuated, but did not prevent, the reduction obtained with estrogen. Enzyme activities were reduced by E2 to a slightly lesser degree when the ovaries had been exposed in vivo to exogenous gonadotropin for 72 h. The results indicate that 17 alpha-hydroxylase and C17,20-lyase activities decrease when large doses of E2 are administered in vivo, that this effect is not directly on the enzymes, and that at least a part of this effect involves macromolecular synthesis. PMID- 6610583 TI - Regional water changes during oocyte meiotic maturation: evidence of ooplasmic segregation. AB - Cryomicrodissection was used to measure the intraoocytic distribution of water before and during meiotic maturation in Rana pipiens oocytes. Animal ooplasm contained about 10% more water in matured than in ovarian oocytes. The increase was not dependent on the uptake of extracellular water, occurring even when oocytes were matured in a paraffin oil medium. Rather, animal ooplasm hydration appeared to be due to an increase in the volume fraction occupied by cytoplasm (reduced yolk density) through: (1) migration of cytoplasm from the vegetal to animal hemisphere and (2) mixing of ooplasm with nuclear sap during germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). Cytoplasmic migration (or ooplasmic segregation) began prior to GVBD, probably within an hour of exposure to progesterone and appeared to continue through the period of GVBD. The volume of cytoplasm that moved significantly reduced water concentrations in vegetal ooplasm at 6 hr postprogesterone and offset any subsequent water gain due to the mixing of nuclear sap and vegetal ooplasm at GVBD. The findings suggest that segregational movements are among the early maturational changes entrained by progesterone. Ooplasmic segregation is considered in the context of theories of cytomatrix movement in which control resides in regional Ca2+ activity gradients. We address the problem of the vegetal----animal directionality of movement and suggest that the annulate lamellae play a role. PMID- 6610585 TI - Interleukin-2 production in continuous culture. AB - The increasing interest in the generation of lectin or antigen-activated (human) T cells by means of Interleukin-2 (TCGF) has led to numerous attempts to produce this substance. The simplest procedure is to use conditioned medium (CM) from IL 2 producing primary cells or cell lines with considerable activity. We describe a method of continuous CM-production in a 2-litre fermentation apparatus using a primate lymphoid cell line (MLA 144) which excretes IL-2 spontaneously. It was possible to harvest large amounts of homogeneous, lectin free material with similar production rates under different culture conditions. The activity of our CM was determined in various specific systems and proven to be comparable to that of supernatants of lectin-stimulated human primary lymphocytes. PMID- 6610584 TI - Water, potassium, and sodium during amphibian oocyte development. AB - Water, K+, and Na+ were measured in Rana pipiens oocytes during growth and prematurational development using low-temperature microdissection. Whole oocytes were analyzed during previtellogenic and vitellogenic growth. Ooplasm and germinal vesicle (nucleus) were analyzed at the onset and conclusion of vitellogenic growth. In previtellogenic oocytes (less than 40 micrograms), water, K+, and Na+ concentrations resembled those in somatic cells and were independent of cell size. With the onset of yolk deposition, water and K+ concentrations progressively decreased and Na+ progressively increased. These changes were restricted to ooplasm, the site of yolk deposition. In full-grown oocytes, vegetal ooplasm, with greater yolk density than animal ooplasm, contained less water and K+ and more Na+ than animal ooplasm. Collectively, the data indicate that yolk is poorer in water and K+ and richer in Na+ than yolk-free ooplasm (cytoplasm) or nucleoplasm. Yolk concentrations were estimated to be approximately 32%, water, approximately 69 meq K+/liter H2O, and approximately 94 meq Na+/liter H2O. Several nonyolk parameters, such as cation activities and nucleoplasmic binding, also appear to change during oogenesis. PMID- 6610586 TI - Simple test system for interleukin-2. AB - A simple system was developed to evaluate tests using the principle of the multiplication of specific cells. Of the possible application such as hormones, growth factors, etc., we show here the determination of IL-2 activity. The test is performed in flat bottom microplates wherein the sample is diluted with standard microtiter systems and cells are added. After the incubation period cells are fixed to the surface and stained. The absorbed stain is eluted and the optical density measured with a Titertec Multiscan photometer. Results correspond well to commonly used radiotracer systems and are as sensitive as those but much easier, cheaper and quicker to perform. PMID- 6610587 TI - Entrapment of animal cells for the production of biomolecules such as monoclonal antibodies. AB - An important problem in the production of monoclonal antibodies is the large scale cultivation of hybridoma cells in vitro. Fragility of cells and suboptimal in vitro cultivation methods have led to poor results in larger scale production up to now. To lower the mechanical stress on the cells we tried to entrap the cells into microspheres made of polymer material. In addition to other materials, agarose as embedding medium was investigated and results with hybridoma and other, non anchorage-dependent cell lines are given. The conclusion of the results is that encapsulation of living cells is possible and entrapped cells remain viable and continue to produce the desired substance for at least several weeks. The substances are secreted through the polymer matrix. Handling of microspheres is shown to be easy and simple fermentation apparatus may be used for the production on a reliable technical scale. Some problems remain unsolved, such as the determination of viable cell count within the microspheres and cultivation in columns which seems to be the simplest form of continuous production process. PMID- 6610588 TI - Inhibitors regulate interleukin-2 synthesis of stimulated lymphocytes: consequence for production procedures. AB - The lymphokine interleukin-2 (IL-2) was produced in murine or human lymphocyte cultures by stimulation with concanavalin A (Con A) or phytohemagglutinin (PHA). IL-2 activity in the culture supernatant usually reached an optimum after 20-24 h, followed by a decrease at later times. The duration of IL-2 release was found to be limited by low molecular weight inhibitory substances. These substances reversibly inhibited further IL-2 release at later times. It could be excluded that IL-2 yields in vitro were primarily limited by protease action, inactivation of the mitogen, consumption of nutrients, "product inhibition" by IL-2 or by suppression through cell/cell interaction with hypothetic suppressor cells. It was also excluded that IL-2 activity in the culture supernatant was more quickly consumed by its target cells, the T blasts, than released by its producing cells. To overcome the limitation of IL-2 release by inhibitors, a procedure of repeated induction was developed. Spleen cells or peripheral blood lymphocytes were restimulated several times for 20-24 h with fresh medium and mitogen. This procedure enhanced IL-2 production 2-5 fold compared to a single induction for 24 h. PMID- 6610589 TI - Alpha 1-antitrypsin serum concentration and phenotypes in ulcerative colitis. AB - 96 unrelated patients suffering from ulcerative colitis were typed for the electrophoretic variants of alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT). None of the phenotypes showed a definite association with this condition. The serum concentration of alpha 1-AT was increased compared with healthy control subjects. There was a positive correlation between the serum concentration of alpha 1-AT and activity of the ulcerative colitis. PMID- 6610590 TI - Ultraviolet irradiation of Rana pipiens embryos delays the migration of primordial germ cells into the genital ridges. AB - Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation of the vegetal pole of anuran embryos at the two cell stage has been reported to cause aberrant cleavage as well as a subsequent reduction in germ cell numbers. In this study, we find no correlation between UV induced cleavage abnormalities and the absence of primordial germ cells in Rana pipiens tadpoles examined at stage 25. On the other hand, some tadpoles from a population which was lacking primordial germ cells at stage 25 subsequently contained germ cells. These late-appearing germs cells exhibited damaged mitochondria, autophagosomes, and secondary lysosomes, while surrounding somatic cells were morphologically normal. We suggest that these cytoplasmic abnormalities resulted from an effect of the initial UV irradiation of germ plasm. We conclude that one effect of UV irradiation of germ plasm is to delay or inhibit the migration of primordial germ cells into the genital ridges. PMID- 6610591 TI - Characterization of the activity of growth factor from AH-130 tumor cells. AB - The activation of DNA synthesis induced by growth factor from the cytosol of AH 130 tumor cells (AH-130GF) was inhibited by alkylamines (methylamine, ethylamine, and dansylcadaverine), which inhibit the intracellular processing of hormone receptor complexes. Calmodulin inhibitors (trifluoperazine and W-7) also inhibited the mitogenic action of AH-130GF, suggesting that the Ca-calmodulin system and proteolytic processing in lysosomes are necessary for stimulation of DNA synthesis by AH-130GF after its binding to the cell surface. Membrane phosphorylation induced by AH-130GF or epidermal growth factor (EGF) was investigated by using rat liver plasma membranes and 3T3 cell membranes in vitro. EGF increased the phosphorylation of two protein components with molecular weights of 160K and 130K in rat plasma membranes, but AH-130GF increased the phosphorylation of only the 130K protein. No specific phosphorylation induced by AH-130GF was detected in 3T3 cell membranes, but EGF induced phosphorylation of the 160K receptor protein. PMID- 6610592 TI - Macrophage colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor separated from fibrosarcoma tissue in mice. AB - Large increases of granulocytes and monocytes were found in the blood of mice bearing fibrosarcoma. Extraction of the tumor tissue with isotonic saline yielded a colony-stimulating factor (CSF). Further extraction of the saline-insoluble materials with 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate afforded another pool of CSF. Incubation of the tumor cells in vitro resulted in the accumulation of CSF activity in the culture medium. The CSF from these sources produced both granulocyte colonies and macrophage colonies in murine bone marrow cell culture. Subsequently, the activity producing granulocyte colonies was separated from that producing macrophage colonies by isoelectrofocusing and repeated gel-filtration chromatography. It was also shown that anti-L cell CSF antiserum neutralized the macrophage CSF activity but not the granulocyte CSF activity. These results show that the granulocytosis-inducing tumor produces two types of CSF. PMID- 6610593 TI - [Portal obstructions in children]. PMID- 6610594 TI - [Evaluation of transjugular embolization of esophageal varices in the acute phase and during the development of hemorrhage caused by portal hypertension. Apropos of 31 cases]. PMID- 6610595 TI - A role for milk phospholipids in protection against gastric acid. Studies in adult and suckling rats. AB - Animal milk was tested directly for antiulcer activity in a rat model system. The severe mucosal necrosis and intragastric bleeding induced by the luminal administration of supraphysiologic 0.6 N HCl was significantly reduced (50%-70%) if both suckling rats and adults were pretreated per os with raw rat or bovine milk. Pasteurized/homogenized bovine milk also gave protection, although to a lesser extent (30%-50% reduction in bleeding). Treatment of milk with cholestyramine removed 50%-80% of the surface-active phospholipids from milk and also eliminated milk's protective property, an effect that was reversed upon addition of phospholipids to the extracted milk. The antiulcer action of milk in rats could be related to its concentration of dipalmitoyl lecithin. These findings suggest that milk has a potent antiulcer activity that may be attributable to its phospholipid constituents. PMID- 6610596 TI - Recurrent hemorrhage into the pancreatic duct from a splenic artery aneurysm. AB - We describe a case of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage secondary to splenic artery aneurysm-pancreatic duct fistula, with associated partial common bile duct obstruction and pancreatitis. The literature is reviewed briefly in order to stress distinctive clinical features and caveats in diagnosis. Angiography is the most definitive diagnostic study; surgical resection is curative. PMID- 6610597 TI - Endoscopic findings in the esophagus following the Sugiura procedure. PMID- 6610598 TI - [Structural and functional interrelations of the hematopoietic and immunocompetent cells of the bone marrow of alcoholism patients]. PMID- 6610599 TI - [Effect of polypeptides isolated from the bone marrow on immunity and hemostasis]. PMID- 6610601 TI - Plasma sex hormones and post-reproductive period in the green frog, Rana esculenta complex. AB - The plasmatic profiles of androgens, estradiol, and progesterone, together with gonads and SSC modifications, have been followed, throughout the post reproductive period in two Rana esculenta populations, inhabiting, respectively, a mountain pond (Colfiorito) and a sea level lagoon (Lesina). Testosterone and progesterone progressively decrease in the blood until July, while estradiol shows, in both sexes, an increase in the same month. Testosterone depletion accounts for thumb pad atrophy in the male and probably, in both sexes, for the summer interruption of sexual behavior. The estradiol increase could be linked to the induction of vitellogenin synthesis by the liver or, alternatively, could act through negative feed-back on the brain centers involved in GnRF synthesis and therefore it could be responsible for an inhibition of LH release and, in turn, of androgen synthesis/secretion by the gonads. The last function can be framed in the endocrine regulation of the so-called "refractory period" which interrupts the breeding during the summer. The hematic level of progesterone is higher during the ovulation period and this is consistent with the role assigned to the hormone, i.e., the induction of jelly release from oviductal glands. The hormonal trends in the blood of the two frog populations are very similar, although some differences exist in the levels of testosterone and progesterone. PMID- 6610600 TI - Binding of dexamethasone by hepatic, intestine, and tailfin cytosol in Rana catesbeiana tadpoles during spontaneous and triiodothyronine-induced metamorphosis. AB - The binding of the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (dex) to Rana catesbeiana tadpole liver, intestine, and tailfin cytosol during both spontaneous and triiodothyronine (T3)-induced metamorphosis has been examined. No change was observed in the dissociation constant (KD) in the liver or intestine during either spontaneous or T3-induced metamorphosis compared with liver and intestine cytosol from the frog. The binding capacity (N) in liver cytosol of premetamorphic tadpoles (14.33 x 10(-14) mol dex/mg protein) was not significantly different from that found during prometamorphosis (stage XVIII) (11.50 x 10(-14) mol dex/mg protein) and in the adult frog (19.24 x 10(-14) mol dex/mg protein). Following the onset of metamorphic climax, however, there were significant reductions in N in liver cytosol, reaching a nadir at stage XXIV (0.38 x 10(-14) mol dex/mg protein). Binding capacity in premetamorphic tadpole intestine (19.60 x 10(-14) mol dex/mg protein) was significantly reduced following premetamorphosis . Values did not return to premetamorphic values in the frog intestine (6.54 x 10(-14) mol dex/mg protein) as occurred in the frog liver, nor were values significantly reduced following the onset of metamorphic climax (10.43 x 10(-14) mol dex/mg protein) when compared with prometamorphosis (11.58 x 10(-14) mol dex/mg protein). The binding capacity in the tailfin cytosol did not deviate from premetamophic tadpole values (11.61 x 10(-14) mol dex/mg protein) through stage XXI (9.68 x 10(-14) mol dex/mg protein), the last stage in which sufficient tissue was available for analysis. PMID- 6610602 TI - Multiple genes coding for the frog eye lens gamma-crystallins. AB - Three new recombinant cDNA clones coding for gamma-crystallins have been identified in the frog (Rana temporaria) clonotheque by hybrid-selected translation/immunoprecipitation experiments, in addition to the gamma-1 crystallin clone that was isolated and sequenced previously [ Tomarev et al., Gene 17 (1982) 131-138; FEBS Letters 146 (1982) 315-318]. mRNA species coding for all these gamma-crystallins are about 650 nucleotides in length, but differ in structure, as follows from restriction and sequence analysis of the cloned cDNAs. The conclusion is that the R. temporaria genome contains a family of at least four similar but not identical gamma-crystallin genes. The complete nucleotide sequence has been determined for the cDNA of one of these clones coding for gamma 2-crystallin. It is 69% homologous with that of R. temporaria gamma-1-crystallin and contains four regions of partial internal homology corresponding to the four structural folding units of the gamma-crystallin molecules. An unusual feature of the gamma-2-crystallin amino acid sequence is the high lysine/arginine ratio equal to 1.1, in contrast to 0.05-0.16 for other known gamma-crystallins. PMID- 6610603 TI - Corrected sequences of cDNAs for human salivary and pancreatic alpha-amylases [corrected]. AB - The nucleotide sequences of the cloned human salivary and pancreatic alpha amylase cDNAs correspond to the continuous mRNA sequences of 1768 and 1566 nucleotides, respectively. These include all of the amino acid coding regions. Salivary cDNA contains 200 bp in the 5'-noncoding region and 32 in the 3' noncoding region. Pancreatic cDNA contains 3 and 27 bp of 5'- and 3'-noncoding regions, respectively. The nucleotide sequence homology of the two cDNAs is 96% in the coding region, and the predicted amino acid sequences are 94% homologous. Comparison of the sequences of human alpha-amylase cDNAs with those previously obtained for mouse alpha-amylase genes (Hagenbuchle et al., 1980; Schibler et al., 1982) showed the possibility of gene conversion between the two genes of human alpha-amylase. PMID- 6610604 TI - Herpes zoster: protecting older patients' vision. PMID- 6610605 TI - T and B lymphocyte counts and blast transformation in patients with Stage I cervical cancer. AB - In 57 patients with Stage I cervical cancer and in 25 healthy women, a determination was made of leukocytosis, counts of lymphocytes and monocytes per 1 mm3 of blood, counts of T and B lymphocytes, and PHA-induced lymphocyte ability of in vitro blast transformation. Patients with cervical cancer, as compared with controls, exhibited a decrease in lymphocytosis and in the counts and percentages of T and B lymphocytes, as well as an increase of lymphocyte reactivity to PHA. An increase in the PHA-induced lymphocyte ability of in vitro blast transformation occurred in patients with a clinical picture characterized by the presence of a large tumor of the cervix or of metastases to the lymph nodes of the pelvis. In the group of patients in Stage I with a small cervix the mean indices of blast transformation did not differ from those observed for the healthy control group; on the other hand, in the group of patients with a large cervix and metastases to the lymph nodes of the pelvis, these indices exceeded on the average by about 88% those in the control group. PMID- 6610606 TI - [Vasectomy within the scope of contraception]. PMID- 6610607 TI - Gardnerella-associated vaginitis and anaerobic bacteria. AB - 12 patients with mild or moderate symptoms of Gardnerella-associated vaginitis were examined clinically and microbiologically on 52 different occasions, 27 of which were asymptomatic. The symptomatic state was defined by fulfilling at least three of the following criteria: (1) subjective symptoms; (2) pH above 4.5; (3) positive amine test, and (4) clue cells in wet smear. Variation of the vaginal microflora was considerable. No causative bacterial species could be identified. Microorganisms of the genus Bacteroides were significantly (p less than 0.02) more often found in the symptomatic condition. The presence of either peptococci , peptostreptococci or anaerobic streptococci was similarly related to symptoms (p less than 0.01). Lactobacilli were significantly more often present when the patient was free of symptoms (p less than 0.05). Gardnerella vaginalis was a common isolate whether the patient suffered from symptoms or not. It is concluded that the presence of this microorganism indicates a disturbed ecologic situation within the vagina, resulting in loss of predominance of lactobacilli and hence liability to develop symptoms. PMID- 6610609 TI - Cytoarchitecture of the thymus gland of the adult frog (Rana temporaria). AB - Like in other jawed vertebrates, the frog thymus consists of lymphoid cells within epithelial framework and characteristic myoid cells. Mammalian type Hassall's corpuscles are absent, but degenerative cells form so-called unicellular Hassall's bodies. Conspicuous secretory cells, secretory and degeneration cysts as well as phagocytic cells, granulocytes and plasma cells can be observed in the frog thymus. Interdigitating-like cells and some characteristic features of thymic vasculature (i.e. the existence of blood-thymus endothelial are preliminary described in the frog thymus. PMID- 6610608 TI - Relation between maternal plasmatic zinc levels and uterine contractility. AB - 336 pregnant women participated in a study to determine the possible relation between maternal plasmatic zinc levels ( PZL ) and uterine contractibility . PZL during gestation and at the moment of delivery were evaluated in relation to the mode of delivery, the duration of the active period of delivery, and the presence of hemorrhage during the first 30 min postpartum. A significant difference (p less than 0.001) between PZL at different periods of gestation was found. There were significant differences (p less than 0.05) between PZL and duration of the active period of delivery and PZL and final mode of delivery. In 10 cases, a cesarean section had to be performed due to uterine atony. In these patients, the PZL were significantly lower than in the rest. The role of zinc in uterine muscle contractibility is discussed. The possibility of supplementation in those women with low zinc levels (less than 60 micrograms/dl; 9 mumol/l) is recommended. PMID- 6610610 TI - Variations in the origin of superficial arteries of the femoral artery in human fetuses. PMID- 6610611 TI - Comparative morphology and topography of the cranial parasympathetic ganglia connected with the trigeminal nerve in mouse, rat and hamster (Mus musculus L. 1759, Ratus norvegicus B. 1769, Mesocricetus aureatus W. 1839). Part II. Pterygopalatine ganglion. PMID- 6610612 TI - Morphological alterations induced by adriamycin. PMID- 6610613 TI - [Detection of saliva traces using test strips]. AB - The test strip Rapignost-Amylase (Behring) for the rapid determination of alpha amylase in the urine is also suitable for the determination of salivary amylase in stains stored up to 6 weeks at room temperature. The stains are extracted with physiological saline (extraction time 30 min), then the application zone of the strip is wetted with the extract. Positive amylase-reaction is recognised as a reddish-violet colouration of the reaction zone. Biological stains with low amylase concentrations (urine semen, vaginal secretion, mucus) react amylase negative. The method is uncomplicated and can be completed within 30 min. The test strips are easily available and stable during storage. Therefore the determination of saliva with test strips should be preferred to the clinical methods if the storage times of the stain are not longer than 4-6 weeks. It is a suitable procedure to determine salivary stains for use in forensic biology. PMID- 6610614 TI - [Cancer prevention and early detection in the upper aero-digestive tract. Results and follow-up from 2 Erlangen field studies]. AB - In view of the increase of malignant tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract caused mainly by the increasing tobacco and alcohol consumption-as well as the frequent delay in attaining a correct diagnosis with the often unavoidable result of mutilation of the patient, early invalidism and premature death, the search for new ways of early cancer detection and preventive measures becomes understandable. The analysis of the results of two pilot studies in Erlangen should clarify the question as to whether or not the preventive mouth, throat, and larynx examination of persons endangered by the consumption of tobacco and/or alcohol is practical and reasonable as well as medically efficient and economically justifiable. PMID- 6610616 TI - [Proof of TNS effect using experimental heat pain]. AB - By means of experimentally induced heat pain, the effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TNS) was studied in 51 healthy volunteers. TNS produces an elevation of the lower range of sensitiveness to pain ("elevated pain threshold") and hence pain relief. The findings are compared with neurophysiological results from leads of polymodal human C-fibres and spinothalamic tract (dorsal horn) neurons. Their importance for clinical pain syndromes is discussed. PMID- 6610615 TI - [Diseases of lipid metabolism in advanced age. Relation to environmentally induced factors]. AB - Obesity as well as hyperlipoproteinemia increase in old age. There are some differences between both diseases with regard to their activity as risk factors. Both diseases are caused by environmental phenomena as for instance overeating and immobility. PMID- 6610617 TI - Monoamine-containing cells in the denervated frog's taste organ. A fluorescence histochemical study. PMID- 6610618 TI - [Effects of alcohol on the myocardium. I. An analysis of the effects of ethanol on the bullfrog myocardium]. PMID- 6610619 TI - Monoclonal antibody studies in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and allied disorders. AB - Lymphocytes from 48 patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and allied disorders were examined with a panel of monoclonal antibodies and conventional surface marker techniques. Surface immunoglobulin (SIg) and Ia-like antigen were regularly present on B-CLL cells. In addition, 24 of 32 specimens reacted with OKT1, a monoclonal antibody which detects both peripheral and thymic T cells, but reactivity was not observed with anti-T-cell monoclonal antibodies of more restricted specificity (OKT3, OKT4, OKT6, OKT8 or OKT11). Eighteen of 20 samples in which only SIgM was detected were OKT1-positive, while all 4 with only SIgG were OKT1-negative. Cells from patients with hairy cell leukemia were unreactive with OKT1, but resembled B-CLL lymphocytes in the presence of clonal SIg and Ia-like antigen. Neoplastic plasma cells lacked Ia-like antigen and frequently SIg (2 of 5), but cytoplasmic immunoglobulin was present, cells reacted with OKT10 (replicating lymphoid cells) and 2 of 5 with OKT9 (transferrin receptor) as well. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma samples were reactive with the anti T-cell monoclonal antibodies OKT1, OKT3 and OKT4 even when the sheep cell receptor could not be detected. Monoclonal antibodies can provide more certain diagnosis and superior resolution of cell lineage in these disorders than is possible by morphology alone. PMID- 6610620 TI - Hodgkin's cell lines: characteristics and possible pathogenetic implications. AB - In the last four years we established five long term cultures from tumor material of Hodgkin's disease. The in vitro cells have malignant characteristics and represent the in vivo H- and SR-cells. Common immunological, functional and morphological assays did not characterize the in vitro cells to be a known cell type of lymphoid, myeloid or monocytoid tissue. The in vitro Hodgkin cells are biologically active by producing factors involved in regulation and promotion of immunological response and granulopoiesis. The relevance of the findings for pathogenesis and clinical appearance of Hodgkin's disease is discussed. PMID- 6610622 TI - Correlation of aberrant proliferation with T-cell growth factor in adult T-cell leukemia cells. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from seven patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) were found to lack PHA-responsiveness. However, in most of the cases, minute but distinct proliferation could be induced and maintained by human spleen cell conditioned medium containing PHA or by a combination of PHA and conditioned medium of gibbon cell line, MLA-144 (MLA-144 CM). These results indicate that the lack of response to mitogens of ATL cells might be attributed not only to the failure of these cells to produce T-cell growth factor (TCGF) upon activation, but also to their poor responsiveness to TCGF. Furthermore, a direct proliferative response to mitogen-free MLA-144 CM was shown in two out of seven patients; these two patients experienced rapidly progressive clinical courses. This observation raises the possibility that TCGF promotes the growth of ATL cells in vivo, and is related to the clinical course of the disease. PMID- 6610621 TI - T cell-dependent B-cell proliferation and activation induced by administration of the drug diphenylhydantoin to mice. AB - We have postulated that binding of the hydrophobic anticonvulsant drug diphenylhydantoin (DPH) to lymphoid cells might induce graft-versus-host (GVH) like cell reactions by T lymphocytes and thus trigger autoimmunization and lymphoma development observed in patients treated with DPH. This hypothesis was studied in mice by means of the popliteal lymph node (PLN) assay. DPH, injected s.c. into the footpads of mice, induced a significant T cell-dependent PLN enlargement. The B cell-derived population comprised the majority of cells in the enlarged PLN. A T cell-dependent activation of Ig-secreting cells in the PLN was induced by DPH. Thymectomy of young adult mice significantly amplified the PLN reaction to DPH and facilitated the activation of Ig-secreting cells. Since injection of the hydantoin rings only completely failed to induce PLN reactions, it is assumed that the observed PLN reactions are caused by the phenyl groups and/or the highly reactive intermediates of DPH. In conclusion, DPH can induce a T cell-dependent proliferation and functional activation of B cells. Conceivably, if such a process persists, it might lead to the GVH-like lymphomagenesis and autoimmunization observed in patients treated with this drug. PMID- 6610623 TI - Long lasting lymphadenopathy in childhood as an expression of a severe hyperimmune B lymphocyte disorder. AB - On the basis of the 6 cases reported here and scattered published cases, the existence of a childhood chronic immunoblastic lymphadenopathy syndrome is proposed. It is characterized by the following features: A systemic immunoblastic proliferation with varying degrees of maturation resembling the B lymphocyte hyperimmune disorder observed in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy but with no deposits of interstitial amorphous material or vascular proliferation. Disseminated superficial and deep lymphadenopathy. Chronic, pronounced splenomegaly. A constant thrombocytopenia. A polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, with markedly elevated antibody titers to various agents. An early onset and a course of several years (up to 20), interrupted in half the cases by the occurrence of a virus-associated (EBV, Papova) neoplastic process or a fatal viral infection. Low natural killer (NK) cell activity in 2 cases. PMID- 6610624 TI - Chromosome studies in stimulated lymphocytes of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias. AB - Using a sister chromatid differentiation technique, cell cycle study of stimulated lymphocytes of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) revealed their cell cycle progression to be similar to that of normal lymphocytes stimulated by T-cell and various polyclonal B-cell activators (PBA). The chromosome constitutions of stimulated lymphocytes in 62 patients with B-CLL were examined using PBA such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and lipopolysaccharide W from E. coli 055:B5 (LPS). Of the 20 patients with abnormal clones, 11 patients had trisomy 12; other less common abnormalities were trisomy 1, 6q-, i(7q), 14q+, trisomy 16, trisomy 18, reciprocal translocations, and marker chromosomes of unknown origin. These findings indicate that trisomy 12 may be a unique and common karyotypic change in B-CLL. The fact that 3 out of 4 patients with marker chromosomes showed stage IV disease may indicate that a clone with a marker is a predictor of an unfavourable prognosis. The near correlation between trisomy 12 and kappa chains existed (0.05 less than p less than 0.10). Trisomy 12 was seen in all 5 patients with monoclonal paraprotein. PMID- 6610625 TI - Heterogeneity of the in vitro growth patterns in adult T-cell leukemia cells. AB - Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) presents heterogeneous clinical features, especially in its clinical course. To clarify the differences in the cell characteristics of these heterogeneous forms, we studied in vitro growth of ATL cells. Nine ATL patients were divided into two groups; 5 acute (group A) and 4 chronic (group B). Although in vitro spontaneous growth was observed only in 3 out of 5 cases in group A, the growth patterns were heterogeneous. When crude interleukin 2 (IL-2) was added to the culture, cells from all the cases in Group A showed marked proliferative responses; these patterns were also heterogeneous. On the other hand, cells in group B displayed no or poor response. The degree of Tac (IL-2 receptor) expression was high in group A but low in group B. These observations suggest that clinical heterogeneity might reflect, at least in part, the cellular heterogeneity in IL-2 responsiveness as seen in vitro. PMID- 6610626 TI - Qualitative studies of lung lavage alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor. AB - A method is described which enables identification of the molecular size of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) in biological fluids. This technique when applied to bronchoalveolar lavage fluids clearly demonstrates alpha 1-PI in three molecular forms; the native molecule (Mr approximately equal to ++54 000), a partially proteolysed form (Mr approximately equal to 49 000) and in a form suggestive of a complex with enzyme (Mr approximately equal to 82 000). Samples showing the presence of native alpha 1-PI inhibited more porcine pancreatic elastase than samples where no native alpha 1-PI was seen or where the predominant form was partially proteolysed alpha 1-PI (p less than 0.01). Although the predominant band of alpha 1-PI was more frequently the partially proteolysed form in current smokers (p less than 0.01), there was no clear difference in the inhibitory function of alpha 1-PI between current smokers and non-smokers and those with and without airflow obstruction. PMID- 6610627 TI - Dependence of characteristics of the slow phases of galvanic nystagmus on parameters of electrical stimulation. PMID- 6610628 TI - Carrageenan-induced suppression of T-lymphocyte proliferation in the rat: abrogation of suppressor factor production by the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors, indomethacin and ETYA. AB - Carrageenan, an algal polygalactan reputed to be selectively toxic for macrophages, is widely employed as a tool to dissect pathways of cell-mediated immunity. In the present study, corn oil-elicited rat peritoneal macrophages after 72 h culture with 10 micrograms/ml Seakem 9 Carrageenan secreted a soluble suppressor factor capable of abrogating T-cell activation by phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA). Addition of the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors Indomethacin or 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA) prevented inhibitor synthesis by Carrageenan-conditioned macrophages. Seakem 9 and lambda Carrageenans added directly into spleen cell cultures failed to diminish lymphocyte proliferation, but rather stimulated spleen cell division. Macrophages cultured with low concentrations of Carrageenan appeared to be activated on the basis of enhanced tumoristatic capacity against Schmidt-Ruppin sarcoma cells. Thus, macrophages activated by low concentrations of Carrageenan in vitro appear to secrete a product of arachidonic acid metabolism which is a potent inhibitor of PHA-induced spleen cell mitogenesis. PMID- 6610629 TI - Graft-versus-host reactions in F1 hybrid mice: MHC-restriction-independent generalized depression of virus-specific cytotoxic T cell response. AB - A graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) was induced in F1 hybrid mice by intravenous injection of parental spleen cells. A possible effect generated by recipient F1 mice of a GVHR on the restriction specificities of anti-viral cytotoxic T cells was investigated. (A/J X C57BL/6) F1 recipients were injected with 1 X 10(8) or 2 X 10(7) spleen cells from either parent. Zero to two weeks later during an acute GVHR or 12 to 26 weeks later during a chronic GVHR, spleen cells from these F1 recipients were assayed for their capacity to generate vaccinia (or lymphocytic choriomeningitis) virus-specific cytotoxic T cells. No effect was seen when parental cells were injected with virus on the same day. During the acute phase of the GVHR, recipients of spleen cells of both doses or from either parent injected 7 or 14 days previously generated markedly fewer cytotoxic T cells with respect to both parental restriction specificities. In the more chronic situation only, recipients of 1 X 10(8) parental spleen cells showed depressed virus specific cytotoxic responses, again both restriction specificities were affected comparably. Therefore, a GVHR depresses generation of virus-specific cytotoxic T cells in a dose- and time-dependent way, but does not measurably disturb the balance of parental 1 versus parental 2 restriction specificity in an F1 recipient. PMID- 6610630 TI - Interleukin-1-like activity constitutively generated by Hodgkin derived cell lines. I. Measurement in a human lymphocyte co-stimulator assay. AB - Culture supernatants (CS) from Hodgkin derived cell lines have previously been shown to contain colony stimulating activity (CSF) for human cord blood cells, fetal bone marrow and fetal liver cells. In this study 3-day CS from four Hodgkin lines (L428, L538, L540, L591) and two sublines (L428KS, L428KSA) were examined for interleukin (IL) activity. None of the tested CS supported the growth of an IL-2 dependent murine T-cell line, suggesting that the Hodgkin lines do not produce significant amounts of IL-2. When crude 3-day CS from the various lines were assayed for IL-1-activity in the conventional murine thymocyte costimulator assay no or only borderline IL-1-activity was detectable. However, concentrated CS from L428KS exhibited IL-1-activity also in this assay as did lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced human IL-1. Surprisingly, crude 3-day CS from all Hodgkin cell lines were capable of fully replacing the accessory cell requirement in ConA-induced lymphoproliferation assays of heavily monocyte depleted human blood lymphocytes. The monocyte-depleted lymphocyte populations were obtained by 1 X g sedimentation at a sedimentation rate of 30.2 to 38.8 mm/hr (fraction IIIa and IIIb). These cells responded poorly to the T-cell mitogen ConA at 10 micrograms/ml and produced no IL-2. Addition of irradiated, autologous monocytes or of CS from the various Hodgkin cell lines quantitatively restored the ConA responsiveness and induced significant IL-2 production in the monocyte-depleted lymphocyte population, suggesting that Hodgkin lines constitutively secrete IL-1 or IL-1-like activity. A preliminary biochemical characterization (heat and pH stability, molecular weight range of 13-24 KD) supports the notion that the accessory cell replacing activity present in CS of Hodgkin cell lines is a type of human IL-1. PMID- 6610631 TI - Low dose of deoxyguanosine increases IL-2 receptors of IL-2-dependent cultured T cells. AB - Deoxyguanosine ( dGuo ) is a purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) substrate which has been shown to inhibit T lymphoblast growth, PHA-induced cell proliferation and suppressor T cell activity. Low dGuo concentrations (0.5-5 microM) increase interleukin-2 (IL-2) sensitivity of IL-2-dependent cultured T cells (CTC). dGuo alone has no direct mitogenic effect on CTC. The increased IL-2 sensitivity of CTC was more marked in the presence of low IL-2 concentrations than high ones. CTC incubated with dGuo at 37 degrees C for 24 hrs absorbed more exogenous IL-2 than control non-treated CTC. CTC incubated at 4 degrees in the presence of dGuo did not absorb any more IL-2 than control CTC. FACS analysis further showed increased Tac expression on CTC due to dGuo . These findings indicate that a 37 degrees incubation of CTC with dGuo increases the number of CTC IL-2 receptors. dGuo was not found to increase IL-2 production by PHA stimulated PBM. Therefore, low dGuo concentrations selectively augment the sensitivity of cells responding to IL-2 by increasing IL-2 receptors. PMID- 6610632 TI - Analysis of electrophoretic mobility histogram of mouse thymocytes during tumour development. AB - The population of medullary thymocytes without peanut agglutinin (PNA) receptor consisted of two groups: Lyt-1+ .2- cells with a high mobility of 1.0 micrometer/sec/V/cm, and Lyt-1+ .2+ cells with a low mobility of 0.7 micrometer/sec/V/cm. Also used were cortical thymocytes with PNA receptor: these were Lyt-1+ .2+ cells, having low mobility. In C3H/He mice bearing plasmacytoma X5563, a low mobility peak appeared in the histograms of peripheral lymphocytes. In contrast, a high mobility peak appeared in the histograms of thymocytes. Using full automated analytical instrumentation, it was determined that the appearance of high mobility cells during tumour growth strongly correlated with the decreased proportion of low mobility cells in thymus. PMID- 6610633 TI - A factor in the culture filtrate of some Klebsiella isolates specifically modifies the fibroblasts of HLA-B27-positive normal individuals. AB - Cultured skin fibroblasts of HLA-B27-positive clinically normal individuals specifically bind, and are modified by, a factor in the culture filtrate of some Klebsiella isolates. These modified fibroblasts are serologically similar to the cells (lymphocytes and fibroblasts) of B27-positive patients with ankylosing spondylitis (B27+AS+). By contrast, B27+AS+ cells fail to bind the factor, presumably because a receptor present on B27+AS- cells has already been blocked or modified by a Klebsiella antigen in vivo. PMID- 6610634 TI - Antigen-presenting cells do not discriminate between self and nonself. AB - The immune response to F protein in mice provides a system in which the capacity of antigen-presenting cells to present autologous protein to T cells can be examined. When we used the F-type 1 (F.1) and F-type 2 (F.2) combination, these cells proved equally able to present autologous and foreign protein in both an in vivo adoptive transfer and an in vitro proliferation assay. This formally excludes the possibility that these cells themselves discriminate between self and nonself, while still allowing the possibility that their uptake of antigen may be regulated by lymphocyte products. PMID- 6610635 TI - Differential expression of the repertoire in in vitro and in vivo responses to minor alloantigens. AB - The response to multiple minor alloantigens in the secondary mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) between mouse strains that are identical at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) generally yields effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) which show cross-reactive killing of most or all third-party mouse strains which also share MHC haplotypes. We have investigated the clonal diversity of CTL responses in vivo versus in vitro by examination of such cross reactions, using CTL effector cells derived from a primary response, an in vivo secondary response, and an in vitro secondary MLC. CTL from these three responses were assayed on a panel of H-2k targets. Restimulation of antigen-primed spleen cells in vitro yielded CTL which were strongly cross-reactive on all targets, whereas the in vivo responses were much less so. We conclude that the set of clones which become cytotoxic effectors in vivo is much less diverse than the set which is primed on a first encounter with antigen and that powerful constraints must therefore operate on the specificity of in vivo responses to non-MHC antigens. PMID- 6610636 TI - Morphology of fungal corneal ulcers--influence of immunosuppression (an experimental study). PMID- 6610637 TI - Morphology of fungal corneal ulcers--influence of immunostimulation (an experimental study). PMID- 6610638 TI - Coccidiosis: rapid depletion of circulating lymphocytes after challenge of immune chickens with parasite antigens. AB - Characteristic changes in the numbers of peripheral blood leukocytes occurred after specific challenge of chickens immunized by infection with the intracellular intestinal coccidian parasite Eimeria maxima. Within minutes of enteric or intravenous challenge with viable parasites or with soluble parasite antigen, the numbers of circulating lymphocytes and, to a lesser extent, of heterophils were reduced. This was followed by a period of leukocytosis, the main cellular constituents of which were heterophils and lymphocytes. Indirect fluorescent staining with antisera to T- or B-lymphocytes showed the depletion in lymphocytes to be accounted for mainly by a reduction in the number of T-cells. The leukopenia after oral challenge, found in immunized birds, could be transferred to normal birds by the intravenous injection of serum, plasma, extracts of leukocytes, or suspensions of viable spleen cells. PMID- 6610640 TI - Immunoglobulin A from bronchopulmonary secretions blocks bactericidal and opsonizing effects of antibody to nontypable Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Patients with chronic bronchitis are colonized by and may develop acute bronchopulmonary infection due to nontypable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) despite the presence of bactericidal and opsonizing antibody to the infecting organism. To test the hypothesis that secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) interferes with host defense mechanisms, we extracted secretory IgA from bronchopulmonary secretions of five patients with NTHI pneumonia. NTHI was incubated with IgA before or during incubation with each patient's own serum or normal human serum. IgA from four of these individuals blocked the bactericidal and opsonizing effects of normal human serum and/or their own serum against their own and/or other NTHI. IgA from bronchopulmonary secretions of patients not infected with NTHI or from the serum of a patient with an IgA myeloma had no such effect. Blocking appeared to result from a direct interaction between IgA and the bacteria. The presumed mechanism is an interaction with bacterial surface antigens, although it is not known whether this occurs at antigenic sites responsible for bactericidal and opsonizing activity or whether interaction with adjacent antigenic sites and subsequent steric interference is responsible. This blocking effect of IgA may be one mechanism that allows for the development of NTHI colonization or pneumonia in an individual who already has seemingly adequate antibody against the infecting organism. PMID- 6610639 TI - Acquired resistance to facultative intracellular bacteria: relationship between persistence, cross-reactivity at the T-cell level, and capacity to stimulate cellular immunity of different Listeria strains. AB - C57BL/6 mice were infected with different strains of Listeria sp., and bacterial survival in spleens was assessed. Six strains (EGD, NCTC 5348, ATCC 19113, ATCC 19114, NCTC 10527, and ATCC 19116) were able to persist in spleens (persistent strains), whereas with five other strains (ATCC 19111, ATCC 19119, ATCC 33090, ATCC 33091, and ATCC 14870), only few if any bacteria were demonstrable after infection with up to 10(8) organisms (nonpersistent strains). Immunization of mice with persistent listeriae induced strong immune responses as determined in vitro (antigen-induced proliferation and interleukin production) and in vivo (protection and delayed-type hypersensitivity), whereas immunization with nonpersistent bacteria resulted in weaker responses. On the other hand, T lymphocytes from mice immunized with live organisms of the persistent strain EGD were stimulated equally well by heat-killed listeriae of all strains. Furthermore, three T-cell clones which were able to adoptively mediate antibacterial protection in vivo could be stimulated by heat-killed organisms of persistent as well as nonpersistent Listeria strains. It is concluded that both persistent and nonpersistent listeriae express antigenic epitopes which are recognized by protective T cells, although nonpersistent strains are not effective in inducing cellular immune responses due to rapid elimination in the host. PMID- 6610641 TI - Bacteriological and biochemical criteria for the diagnosis of bacterial infections in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). AB - In a prospective study the quantitated culture of washed sputum, the number of leukocytes and the concentration of albumin and fibrinogen in sputum were compared as diagnostic parameters for bacterial infections in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. No single criterium and no combination of criteria showed satisfactory specificity and sensitivity. Two reasons were established for the relatively loose correlation between the parameters: 1) they follow a different time course and 2) the biochemical and cellular signs of inflammation have a certain non-specificity with regard to bacterial infections. They also depend on the underlying disease. The selection of optimal criteria will become feasible only after the dynamics of bacterial and other inflammations of the respiratory tract have been studied in detail. PMID- 6610643 TI - Regulation of allotype-linked NPb idiotype by an idiotype-positive soluble factor derived from a T cell hybridoma. Coupling of the circuit regulation to the network concept. AB - We reported in this paper genetic requirements for the suppression of anti-4 hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl (NP) antibody response induced by an NP-specific, Igh 1 linked idiotype (NPb) positive T suppressor factor (NPb-TsF) derived from a T cell hybridoma 7C3-13 of B10.BR (Igh-1b, H-2k) mouse origin. NPb-TsF could suppress the responses mounted by primed spleen cells of all IgVH compatible strains regardless of their H-2 haplotypes. The majority of the anti-NP antibody response suppressed by NPb-TsF was idiotype positive (Id+). NPb-TsF was also capable of suppressing the responses of H-2 compatible but Igh incompatible strains where responding cells do not produce NPb idiotype. NPb-TsF was incapable of suppressing the responses of mouse strains who are incompatible both in IgVH and H-2 loci, indicating that the identity in either IgVH or H-2 genes between NPb-TsF and responding cells was necessary for the initiation of the suppression by NPb-TsF. It was further found that the NPb-TsF utilizes anti-idiotypic Lyt 1+2+3+ T cells (transducer cells), which are present only in IgVH compatible strains, to ultimately suppress the Id+ antibody production by B cells. These results indicate that there exists a pathway where an idiotypic NPb-TsF activates a suppressor circuit mediated via the idiotype-antiidiotype interactions apart from the previously described carrier-specific and H-2 restricted suppressor circuit. Both pathways involve the 'transduction' step utilizing Lyt-1+2+3+ intermediary T cells. Our experiments provide important clues for coupling the two major immunological concepts, network and circuit. PMID- 6610642 TI - A comparative study of osteomyelitis and purulent arthritis with special reference to aetiology and recovery. AB - We analysed the records of 44 paediatric cases of acute haematogenous osteomyelitis (age 0-14 years) and 25 cases of purulent arthritis (age 0-13 years). The annual incidences were 4.5 and less than two per 100,000 children, respectively. Bacteriologic diagnosis was achieved in 82% of the acute haematogenous osteomyelitis cases and in 40% of the acute purulent arthritis cases. Staphylococcus aureus was responsible for 70% of the proven acute haematogenous osteomyelitis and acute purulent arthritis cases combined, followed by streptococci (20%) and Haemophilus influenzae (7%), which caused only acute purulent arthritis. Acute haematogenous osteomyelitis was localized in the femur in 41% of the cases and acute purulent arthritis in the knee joint in 76%. Surgery (in most cases drilling, fenestration or arthrotomy) was performed on 82% of the acute haematogenous osteomyelitis and on 32% of the acute purulent arthritis patients. Although six of the acute haematogenous osteomyelitis patients (but none of the acute purulent arthritis patients) underwent surgery for a second time, permanent damage, which was functionally non-significant, developed in only 14%. No sequelae were found in the acute purulent arthritis group. The average duration of antimicrobial therapy was 44 days in the acute haematogenous osteomyelitis group and 29 days in the acute purulent arthritis group. The prognosis for the children was similar, irrespective of whether the drugs used were staphylococcal penicillins, ampicillin, lincomycin or clindamycin. PMID- 6610644 TI - Studies on thymocyte subpopulations in guinea pigs. V. Rosette formation as a tool to separate thymocyte growth factor responsive and mitogen reactive cells. AB - 78% of guinea pig thymocytes formed rosettes after 1 h incubation with rabbit erythrocytes. They were separated from nonrosetting cells by layering over a Percoll solution and centrifugation. The nonrosetting cells (RE-) contained a large proportion of spontaneously DNA synthesizing cells as well as cells able to cooperate in a proliferative response to the mitogenic lectins concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin. In contrast, cells which responded to a thymocyte growth factor were rosette forming (RE+). Proliferating thymus cells were earlier shown to reside in a low density population called Ia. Here we show that, whereas both RE+ and RE- cells of population Ia contain proliferating cells, only the RE+ respond to the growth factor. Thus, the formation of 'early' rosettes can form the basis for enrichment of thymocyte growth factor responsive cells and the simultaneous separation of these from mitogen reactive cells. PMID- 6610645 TI - Non-cytotoxic alloantibodies defined by the EA rosette inhibition assay. AB - Sera from both transfused individuals and pregnant women mediated inhibition of Fc-rosette formation. Both normal blood B lymphocytes and chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells were used as targets. Inhibition was not related to the presence or absence of lymphocytotoxic antibodies. When tested against a panel of B lymphocytes these sera displayed selective reactivity in keeping with the recognition of allospecific determinants. No association between the target antigen(s) and classically defined MHC-coded structures was evident. Heteroantibodies to both class I and class II MHC structures as well as beta 2 microglobulin also mediated FcR blockade. However, unlike the alloantisera tested, these antibodies displayed no restriction in their reactivity toward individual target cells. PMID- 6610646 TI - Preparation of human serum [methyl-11C]methylalbumin microspheres and human serum [methyl-11C]methylalbumin for clinical use. AB - Safely-injectable suspensions of human serum [methyl-11 C] methylalbumin microspheres have been prepared via the reaction of human serum albumin microspheres with [11C]methyl iodide, itself prepared in a novel one-pot synthesis from cyclotron-produced [11C]carbon dioxide. The preparation takes only 30 min from the end of radionuclide production and proceeds in 22% radiochemical yield based on the activity of [11C]carbon dioxide used and decay-corrected. It has been shown that such microspheres are highly stable in vivo and may be used as reference blood flow markers in positron emission tomography (PET). Similarly, safely-injectable and radiochemically pure solutions of human serum [methyl-11C] methylalbumin have been prepared in 31% radiochemical yield and in 40 min from the end of [11C]carbon dioxide production via the reaction of [11C]methyl iodide with human serum albumin. This radiopharmaceutical is intended for studies of lung permeability and blood-brain barrier permeability by PET. PMID- 6610647 TI - Synthesis and in vivo distribution in rat brain of 11C-labelled N-alkylated ADTN derivatives. AB - A method for the rapid production and purification of 11C-labelled N-alkylated derivatives of the dopamine agonist 2-amino-6,7-dihydroxytetralin (ADTN) is described. The label is introduced by N-methylation with no-carrier-added 11CH3I of the corresponding secondary amines via their lithium salts. Following systemic injection in rats a uniform distribution of radioactivity in the brain was found for both the labelled 2-(N-methyl-N-n-propylamino)- and 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)-6,7 dihydroxytetralin. PMID- 6610648 TI - A neutral lipophilic complex of 99mTc with a multidentate amine oxime. AB - Propylene amine oxime, 3,3'-(1,3-propanediyldiimino)bis(3-methyl-2 butanone)dioxime, (PnAO) forms a neutral lipophilic complex with 99mTc in greater than 95% yield at room temperature at pH 5-10. The complex can be prepared with generator produced 99mTc using 10(-5) M SnC4H4O6 as the reducing agent at ligand concentrations as low as 3 X 10(-5) M. It is stable in saline solutions for as long as 24 h. [99mTc]PnAO may be useful as an imaging agent which passively diffuses across the blood brain barrier. PMID- 6610649 TI - CAPD and bone marrow cell-cell interaction abnormality in end stage renal disease. AB - In this research the early erythroid progenitor (BFU-E) growth has been observed in patients with chronic renal failure by studying in "in vitro" cultures the number of BFU-E developed per plate under various experimental conditions. Our results demonstrate that the BFU-E growth of uremic patients in the predialysis phase or on hemodialysis is suppressed both in basal conditions and with the addition of lympho-monocytes of normal subjects or CAPD patients to the "in vitro" cultures. In CAPD patients, on the contrary, the BFU-E growth appears near normal levels in basal conditions and is further more enhanced by adding the normal lympho-monocytes to the "in vitro" cultures. The above mentioned facts signify that in uremic patients both the abnormality of bone marrow and immunocompetent cells may be responsible for the suppressed BFU-E growth, while with CAPD the improvement of both systems allow a normalisation of erythropoiesis. Such a recovery with CAPD demonstrates the presence of an inhibitor material in uremia which is better depurated by this technique. PMID- 6610650 TI - Lymphocyte subsets assayed by numerical tests in CAPD. AB - Peripheral and peritoneal lymphocytes were assayed by numerical tests in adults on peritoneal dialysis. T lymphocytes were classified by monoclonal antibodies (OKT3, OKT4, OKT8) and B lymphocytes by the presence of surface immunoglobulins, using the immunofluorescence technique. Peripheral T cells showed no significant change from the normal, except for T suppressor cells which increased in patients with 2 or more peritonitis episodes. Examination of peritoneal lymphocytes showed a significant reduction in S-IgA lymphocytes (B cells bearing IgA receptors) and an increase in T-suppressor cells (OKT8+) in patients who developed peritonitis in the follow-up study. The implications of these results are discussed with particular reference to susceptibility to peritonitis. PMID- 6610651 TI - Therapeutic leukapheresis in a patient with prolymphocytic transformation of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - A 64-year old woman with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) developed a prolymphocytic transformation with severe anemia, thrombocytopenia and deterioration of the general clinical condition. Neither treatment with chlorambucil and prednisolone, nor a combination chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisolone) were successful. Splenectomy was not considered as the bone marrow presented signs of dyserythropoiesis. Encouraged by the results of therapeutic leukapheresis in different forms of leukemia, it was decided to start such therapy in our patient. During a seven-month period, thirty weekly aphereses were performed. The white blood cell count did not decrease, but the clinical condition of the patient improved dramatically. PMID- 6610652 TI - Long-term cytapheresis in the treatment of Sezary-syndrome. AB - Lymphocytaphereses using the Fenwal CS 3000 cell separator were performed in three patients with far advanced disease of Sezary-syndrome that was refractory to standard form of therapy. Patients underwent cytapheresis two to three times per week until the WBCs counts were regressed. Thereafter, one pheresis per week was performed for a total of 29 (Pat. A), 18 (Pat. B) to 70 (Pat. C) procedures during periods of 13 (A), 4 (B) to 19 (C) months. During each pheresis the volume of blood processed was 6-7000 mls. The cytaphereses resulted in an average WBCs reduction of 25 to 35% and of 35-56% of the original peripheral blood Sezary-cell counts. Lymphocytes counts dropped by 47 +/- 12% and 87 to 95% of the collected cells were lymphocytes. In addition to the fall in absolute numbers of circulating lymphocytes a change in the relative portions of lymphocytes subpopulations was observed. T-cells were reduced and concurrently B-cells increased. Significant side effects did not occurred during or following cytaphereses. Long-term pheresis can effectively treat symptmoms also in older patients resulting in preferential loss of T-cells and Sezary-cells without exposing the patients to dangerously large shifts in fluid volume. The results suggest also that there may be selected patients for whom lymphocytapheresis is an useful therapy, but no in vitro test can reliably separate responders from non responders, and some patients become refractory to further cytapheresis-therapy after initial clinical remission.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6610653 TI - Regulation of MOPC 104E by T cells and growth factors induced by C. parvum stimulation. AB - Corynebacterium parvum, known for its ability to retard the growth of experimental neoplasms, was examined for its effect on the growth of murine plasmacytoma MOPC 104E in vivo and in vitro. Immunostimulation with C. parvum resulted in the accelerated growth of MOPC 104E in experimental animals, as measured by the tumor IgM production. The acceleration of plasmacytoma growth was seen in all cases where C. parvum was given before or at the time of tumor transplantation. Increased proliferation of MOPC 104E was also observed when MOPC 104E was co-cultured in the presence of spleen cells from C. parvum stimulated mice as compared to the normal spleen cells. Removal of T cells by in vivo anti thymocyte serum treatment, followed by anti-Thy 1.2 and complement in vitro, resulted in the partial loss of stimulatory activity. Furthermore, the stimulatory activity was shown to be associated with soluble mediators, which were generated by splenic adherent cells and T cells, and were, at least in part, responsible for the growth of plasmacytoma. Normal spleen cells did not generate a significant amount of soluble factor, but were able to augment MOPC 104E growth in co-culture at high spleen to tumor cell ratio. PMID- 6610654 TI - Abnormal T-lymphocyte proliferation and cytotoxic responses induced by a neonatal injection of hydrocortisone: normalization by interleukin-2 addition. AB - Spleen cells from mice neonatally treated with hydrocortisone hemisuccinate (HHC) had an abnormal pattern of cell-mediated immunity when tested two weeks later. Mitogen-induced proliferation was reduced. The proliferative responses to allo antigens were normal but the cytotoxic response thereby induced was impaired. The mechanisms of these anomalies are complex: reduction of cytotoxic precursors as measured by limiting dilution assays; enhancement of suppressor cells which are able to reduce the cytotoxic response of normal spleen cells; reduction of interleukin-2 (Il-2) production. The addition of exogenous Il-2 restores normal proliferative and cytotoxic responses. PMID- 6610655 TI - Modulation by cyclosporin-A of mononuclear cell distribution during experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - The capacity of CS-A to modify some inflammatory aspects of a cell mediated disease process, has been studied. In the present work, CS-A was shown to be effective at two levels during the development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats. If CS-A was given at the time of the induction of the disease it inhibited lymphocyte proliferation in vivo, lymphocyte trapping into the draining lymph nodes, and delayed the subsequent infiltration of cells into the CNS and other inflammatory sites. When given around the time of disease manifestation, CS-A also reduced the rate of cell accumulation into the CNS and foot, but was without effect in modifying lymphocyte trapping in the draining nodes, despite the fact that this was still an ongoing process. Clinical signs were similarly delayed or reduced by both regimen of CS-A treatment. Treatment with CS-A did not lead, however, to long lasting unresponsiveness, since both treated groups suffered a relapse of disease at various times after treatment had been discontinued. PMID- 6610656 TI - Biokinetics of inhaled 239PuO2 in the beagle dog: effect of aerosol particle size. AB - This study was designed to measure the effect of aerosol particle size on the deposition, retention, excretion and translocation of 239Pu inhaled as the dioxide by Beagle dogs. To address these questions, young adult male and female Beagle dogs received single brief inhalation exposures to one of three monodisperse aerosols of 239PuO2 having sizes of 0.72, 1.4 or 2.8 microns activity median aerodynamic diameter (AMAD). Periodic collections of urine and faeces were made for each dog until sacrifice at times ranging from 4 hours to 2 years after exposure. The results indicate long term retention of a substantial percentage of the initial pulmonary burden (IPB), and that the retention was affected by particle size. The percentage of the initial pulmonary lung burden retained in the long term component and its effective half time (TE) were 90 per cent with TE = 680 days for the 0.72 micron AMAD aerosol, 68 per cent with TE = 1400 days for the 1.4 microns AMAD aerosol and 82 per cent with TE = 1800 days for the 2.8 microns AMAD aerosol. The major route of elimination of 239Pu from lung was via the faeces, but significant amounts were also translocated to thoracic lymph nodes (approximately 15 per cent IPB by 2 years). Small amounts were translocated to liver (0.2 per cent IPB) and skeleton (0.1 per cent IPB) by 2 years after exposure. The average alpha-radiation dose to the lung was projected to be twice as large for the 2.8 microns AMAD group as for the 0.72 micron AMAD group at 10 years after exposure. PMID- 6610657 TI - Proliferation kinetics of cultured cells after irradiation with X-rays and 14 MeV neutrons studied by time-lapse cinematography. AB - Exponentially growing cells of an established line derived from a mouse osteosarcoma (MOS) have been studied by time-lapse cinematography after irradiation with 3 Gy of 200 kV X-rays or 1.5 Gy of 14 MeV neutrons. Cell cycle times (Tc) of individual cells and their progeny in three subsequent generations as well as the occurrence of aberrant mitosis have been determined to evaluate the variation in expression of damage in relation to the stage in the intermitotic cycle and the radiation quality. The results show that the radiation doses applied cause an equal elongation of the mean Tc, which is largest in the irradiated cells but persists in the three subsequent generations. After 3 Gy of X-rays, mitotic delay is largest in cells irradiated in later stages of the cycle, but this difference is not observed after 1.5 Gy of 14 MeV neutrons. In subsequent generations the Tc values show larger variations among descendents of cells treated in the same stage of the cycle as compared to controls but this variation is equal for the doses of X-rays and neutrons applied. Division probability was significantly reduced in irradiated cells as well as in subsequent generations, whereby with neutrons as compared to X-rays the damage is expressed in earlier generations, with less variation as a function of the cell cycle. PMID- 6610658 TI - Comparison of the radiosensitivity of three goldfish cell lines using short term endpoints. AB - The induction and rejoining of DNA strand breaks after gamma-irradiation in three goldfish (Carassius auratus) cell lines with different sensitivities to the lethal effect of gamma-rays has been studied by the DNA strand separation method using hydroxylapatite chromatography. The induction and rejoining of DNA strand breaks was similar in all cell lines. There was also little difference in the degree of inhibition of DNA synthesis immediately after irradiation. However, the rank orders of the durations of division delay and the radiosensitivities of the three cell lines were the same. PMID- 6610659 TI - Effects of chronic gamma-irradiation on the gonads of adult Ameca splendens (Osteichthyes: Teleostei). AB - The effects of chronic gamma-irradiation on the gonads of adult Ameca splendens (Osteichthyes: Teleostei) have been investigated at a mean dose rate of 7.3 mGy hour-1 for 5-244 days. Spermatogenesis was disrupted after an accumulated dose of 0.95 Gy (5 days exposure) and after 52 days (9.7 Gy) there was no further production of sperm. The secondary spermatogonia were the most radiosensitive cell type and the primary spermatogonia the most radioresistant, not completely disappearing until day 95 (16 Gy). Males removed from the irradiated aquaria after accumulating doses of 3.9 Gy (21 days) and 7.0 Gy (40 days) showed a high degree of recovery from the radiation damage to spermatogenesis when examined after 125, 174 and 236 days. The developing oocytes were less sensitive to the effects of radiation than the stages of spermatogenesis, not showing any depletion in numbers until day 38 (6.9 Gy). PMID- 6610660 TI - State of the art of functional electrical stimulation in France. AB - After summarizing the various physiological and functional effects of surface electrical stimulation, the authors review its main applications, including chronic-use or training orthoses, neuromuscular facilitation and automatic cyclical stimulation. Each of the therapeutic principles is illustrated by discussion of an example, with particular emphasis being placed on the practical methods of application that determine the success of the programme. PMID- 6610661 TI - Paraplegic ambulation: a systems point of view. AB - Neurophysiological systems preserved distal to a complete spinal lesion, and relevant to walking, are reviewed in the manner of an engineering control systems analysis. On that basis, an outline is given of theoretical concepts, current developments and future possibilities for neuromuscular electrical stimulation to provide paraplegic ambulation. PMID- 6610662 TI - Functional electrical stimulation in external control of motor activity and movements of paralysed extremities. Research and clinical practice and applied technology in Yugoslavia. AB - Functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been described as electrical stimulation of muscle deprived of nervous control with a view to providing muscular contraction and producing a functionally useful movement. It is used in the rehabilitation of neurological and locomotor disorders. Its effects can be explained in a number of ways: (a) as a functional reorganization of the interneuron system, (b) the formation of alternative pathways, and (c) changes in the morphology of cells of the central nervous system. The results of research and development are presented. PMID- 6610663 TI - Transcutaneous electrical muscle stimulation for the treatment of progressive spinal curvature deformities. AB - Transcutaneous electrical muscle stimulation has been used to treat spinal curvature. Electrically induced muscle contractions cause partial straightening of the spinal column while the patients sleep. Long-term treatment of 107 patients with progressive idiopathic scoliosis shows a 93% success rate in preventing further progression for curves below 30 degrees while the rate drops to 73% for curves above 30 degrees. In non-idiopathic scoliosis the outcome varied with aetiology and curve magnitude. All kyphosis patients stopped progression. PMID- 6610664 TI - Comparison of 2- and 3-18F-fluoro-deoxy-D-glucose for studies of tissue metabolism. AB - 2- and 3-18F-fluoro-deoxy-D-glucose were proposed as sugar analogs to study glucose metabolism in brain and heart tissues. To evaluate their usefulness, the in vivo behavior of 2- 28FDG and 3-18FDG was investigated in mice and rats and for 3-18FDG in dogs at various times post-injection. Positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging was performed for heart and brain of anesthetized dogs with both radiopharmaceuticals. In all species studied, a higher uptake in brain, heart and kidney was observed for 2-18FDG compared with 3-18FDG. Radioactivity also cleared blood and liver more rapidly with 2-18FDG than with 3-18FDG. Estimates of brain kinetic model parameters revealed the metabolic trapping of 2 18FDG, making this agent favorable for studies of tissue metabolism, and the relative lack of phosphorylation of 3-18FDG, which makes it a potential agent for studies of glucose transport. PMID- 6610665 TI - Formulation for slow release of oral radiation-protection drugs. PMID- 6610666 TI - Adjuvant arthritis: influence of the adjuvant volume and composition on the established arthritis. AB - Adjuvant arthritis remains an interesting model for the evaluation of therapeutic agents and for the study of inflammatory mechanisms. The severity and time course of the primary nonspecific inflammation and of the induced polyarthritis are influenced by the composition and volume of the injected adjuvant. The injection of complete adjuvant produces always an oedema which is much greater than the sum of the oedemas induced by mineral oil or mycobacteria alone. In Lewis rats, highly susceptible to adjuvant arthritis, the intensity of the induced lesions increases with the injected oil volume and for equal volumes is maximal with 500 micrograms of Mycobacterium butyricum. In the injected paw the specific immune character of the inflammation is more important when a small volume of adjuvant is used and is maximal for 500 micrograms of mycobacteria in 0.1 ml of mineral oil. PMID- 6610667 TI - Activated complement in inflamed aqueous humor. AB - Activated complement is an important mediator of inflammation. Radioimmunoassay was used to measure levels of C3a, an activated fragment of C3, in aqueous humor. Additionally, immunoelectrophoresis was performed on aqueous humor to detect Factor B and its conversion product, Bb, as well as C3c, a breakdown product of C3. All six samples of normal aqueous humor had no detectable C3a, C3c, or Factor B. All eight samples of aqueous humor from patients with anterior uveitis had measurable levels of C3a. Factor B and C3c were detected in 3/7 samples of inflamed aqueous humor. Factor B was converted fully to Bb in two of these three samples, suggesting alternative pathway activation of complement. Activated complement fragments are present in the aqueous humor of eyes with anterior uveitis and may help mediate the inflammatory process. PMID- 6610668 TI - Prevalence of childhood autism in Ireland. PMID- 6610669 TI - R1 responses of the trigeminofacial reflex in lesions extrinsic to the brain stem. AB - Isolated or prevalent impairment of the trigeminofacial reflex (tfr) has been described both in pontine lesions and in lesions extrinsic to the brain stem. No satisfactory explanation of this finding in extrinsic lesions has ever been put forward. In a series of patients with lesions outside the brain stem together with selective or prevalent R1 impairment reported here this finding can be explained by the peculiar anatomy of the various nerve fibers in the trigeminal sensory root. PMID- 6610670 TI - Evidence for anterograde transport of secretory granules in processes of gastric paracrine (somatostatin) cells. AB - Certain disseminated endocrine-like cells have previously been found to give off long cytoplasmic processes which end with small bulbous expansions on the membranes of other cell types. It is believed that the process-carrying cells control the functions of the receiving cells by local and directed (paracrine) secretion of messenger molecules (peptides, biogenic monoamines) through their processes. Following injections of amine precursors paracrine cells take up and convert these to the corresponding amines, which can be cytochemically visualized by the Falck-Hillarp formaldehyde-induced fluorescence technique. As the amines are stored in the cytoplasmic (secretory) granules of the cells, they form useful markers for studies of granule turnover and transport. By injecting, at different time intervals, two different precursors (L-5-hydroxytryptophan and L-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine), resulting in amines giving different fluorescence colours in the Falck-Hillarp procedure, we have been able to separately label old and new secretory granule fractions in different fluorescence colours. Examination of such double-labelled paracrine cells (mostly gastric somatostatin cells) indicates that their secretory granules are transported in a proximo distal direction in the paracrine cell processes (" paraxons "). This finding strongly supports the concept that paracrine cells control the functions of the cells they contact by way of directed, process-mediated delivery of their secretory products. PMID- 6610672 TI - Anterior capsulotomy of dislocated lenses in Marchesani syndrome using a Nd:YAG laser. AB - A method of bilateral lens removal in a patient with Marchesani syndrome is described. The patient had nasally dislocated spherical lenses, shallow anterior chambers, brachymorphism, systolic heart murmur, and joint anomalies. Anterior capsulotomies were performed using a mode-locked Nd:YAG laser. The lenses were removed by irrigation-aspiration without complications. PMID- 6610671 TI - Rubella control--1984. AB - The incidence of rubella and the congenital rubella syndrome has decreased dramatically in the United States since rubella vaccine became available in 1969. A marked shift in susceptibility rate has occurred so that 70% of current rubella cases involve teenagers and young adults. The history of rubella control is reviewed. Future research as well as altered public health strategies are suggested to optimize rubella control. PMID- 6610673 TI - New alpha-amylase inhibitor, trestatins. IV. Taxonomy of the producing strains and fermentation of trestatin A. AB - Taxonomic characteristics of strains NR-320-OM7HB and NR-320-OM7HBS producing a homologous series of new alpha-amylase inhibitors named trestatins are described, together with the comparison of these strains with similar Streptomyces species by DNA-DNA hybridization. A new species, Streptomyces dimorphogenes sp. nov. Watanabe and Maruyama is proposed as a result of the studies. The type strain of this species is strain NR-320-OM7HB (ATCC 31484), and the morphovar is strain NR 320-OM7HBS (ATCC 31485). The productivity of trestatin A, major and most active component, using these two strains in flask culture is also presented. PMID- 6610674 TI - Inactivation of cephamycins by various beta-lactamases from gram-negative bacteria. AB - The enzymic inactivation of cephamycins, i.e. cefoxitin, cefmetazole, cefotetan and cefbuperazone, was investigated by means of bioassay, high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectrophotometric analysis using three types of cephalosporinase (CSase, RICHMOND type Ia, Ib and Ic) and one penicillinase (PCase, TEM type). These four cephamycins were not inactivated by Ic CSase and TEM type PCase or producers of these enzymes. However, the inactivation of cefmetazole and cefoxitin was noted when they were incubated in the cultures of CSase (Ia and Ib)-producers or incubated with a large amount of these purified enzymes although the inactivation of cefbuperazone was not noted. HPLC of culture fluid or enzyme solution which contained cefmetazole or cefoxitin and were incubated at 37 degrees C showed that metabolites of cefmetazole or cefoxitin appeared as the drug disappeared. In addition, the appearance of metabolites corresponded to the loss of the drug's bioactivities and the absorption of iodine. UV and IR spectra of cefmetazole which were taken after incubation with the purified CSase showed the cleavage of the beta-lactam ring. PMID- 6610675 TI - Emerging bacterial resistance to the newer cephalosporins. PMID- 6610676 TI - Conformational analysis of COOH-terminal segments of human C3a. Evidence of ordered conformation in an active 21-residue peptide. AB - Human C3a, a 77-residue fragment released during activation of the serum complement system, is a potent spasmogen that contracts a variety of smooth muscle tissues and enhances vascular permeability. Previous studies have suggested that a 5-residue, COOH-terminal segment of C3a constitutes the essential active site of this molecule; however, the pentapeptide is 1000-fold less active than C3a. Human C3a 57-77, a synthetic segment containing the 21 COOH terminal residues of C3a, exhibits potencies nearly equivalent to those of natural C3a in several biologic assay systems. The circular dichroism spectra of synthetic peptides corresponding to sequences 57-77, 65-77, and 73-77 in human C3a were measured in water and trifluoroethanol. The CD spectra in the far-UV region indicate that each C3a peptide assumes a random coil conformation in aqueous solution with little evidence of alpha-helical structure. However, C3a peptide 57-77 assumes predominantly an alpha-helical conformation (47%) in 25% trifluoroethanol, while the shorter tridecapeptide 65-77 and pentapeptide 73-77 appear by CD to contain beta-turn conformations only Crystallographic analysis of human C3a indicated that the NH2-terminal portion of peptide 57-77 adopts an alpha-helical structure and that the COOH-terminal portion, including residues 73 77, contains an irregular fold much like a beta-turn. Since C3a peptide 57-77 exhibits activities qualitatively and quantitatively similar to natural C3a, we propose that this synthetic peptide adopts a helical conformation when bound to its cellular receptor which corresponds to that in the intact C3a molecule. Consequently, the NH2-terminal portion (residues 1-21) and the disulfide-linked core region (residues 22-57) in intact C3a serve primarily to stabilize ordered conformation in the COOH-terminal region (residues 58-77) and thereby orient side chains at the essential active site for optimal receptor interaction. PMID- 6610677 TI - Growth factors immediately raise cytoplasmic free Ca2+ in human fibroblasts. AB - Addition of platelet-derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor, or serum to quiescent human fibroblasts, loaded with the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator quin-2, causes an immediate, up to 3-fold, rise in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration [( Ca2+]i). In contrast, insulin and tumor-promoting phorbol ester have no effect on [Ca2+]i. The mitogen-induced [Ca2+]i response is initiated within a few s, reaches a maximum by 20-40 s, and then slowly declines to a new steady level. The [Ca2+]i response is not prevented by removal of external Ca2+ and is independent of the transmembrane Na+ gradient and membrane potential. It is concluded that platelet-derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and serum rapidly mobilize Ca2+ from intracellular stores, presumably due to the prior breakdown of inositol phospholipids, and that the resulting rise in [Ca2+]i may function as an initial signal in growth factor action. PMID- 6610678 TI - Amino acid sequence and secondary structural analysis of the corn inhibitor of trypsin and activated Hageman Factor. AB - The amino acid sequence of a corn inhibitor for trypsin and activated Hageman Factor (Factor XIIa) was determined by automated Edman degradation from the intact inhibitor and two fragments generated by specific cleavage of the inhibitor. The 112-residue sequence is unique at each position except 91, where both Ala and Glu were found. The structural heterogeneity suggests the occurrence of two genes (possibly allelic) for the inhibitor. Based on analysis of fragments produced by the interaction of the inhibitor with trypsin-agarose, the reactive site peptide bond is identified as Arg 36-Leu 37. There is no strong similarity between the sequence of the corn inhibitor and the sequences published for other serine protease inhibitors. Thus, the corn inhibitor represents a new family of protease inhibitors. Circular dichroism measurements and a theoretical prediction of secondary structure indicate that the inhibitor has helix and beta sheet contents of approximately 40 and 20%, respectively. PMID- 6610679 TI - Conformational states of smooth muscle myosin. Effects of light chain phosphorylation and ionic strength. AB - Stoichiometric amounts of MgATP disassemble dephosphorylated smooth muscle and nonmuscle myosin filaments to a 10 S monomer. Phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain reassembles the myosin into filaments (Suzuki, H., Onishi, H., Takahashi, K., and Watanabe, S. (1978) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 84, 1529-1542). The conformation of the dephosphorylated 10 S monomer is highly unusual in that the 1500 A long myosin tail is folded into approximately equal thirds (Onishi, H., and Wakabayashi, T. (1982) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 92, 871-879; Trybus, K. M., Huiatt, T. W., and Lowey, S. (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 79, 6151 6155). It was recently reported that phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain causes the bent monomer to unfold to the extended conformation characteristic of 6 S myosin in high salt (Craig, R., Smith, R., and Kendrick Jones, J. (1983) Nature (Lond.) 302, 436-439). Here we show that phosphorylated myosin can exist in a stable 10 S conformation provided that the salt concentration is kept sufficiently low. Only in a narrow range of salt concentration does the monomer conformation depend on the state of phosphorylation. Above 0.3 M KCl, all myosins revert to the extended form; below 0.1 M KCl, all monomeric myosin is folded. As the salt concentration is decreased to 0.05 M KCl, the 10 S monomers form antiparallel folded dimers. Because phosphorylation increases filament formation even when 10 S monomer remains in equilibrium with polymer, assembly could proceed via the association of 10 S monomers or by a transient 6 S intermediate. PMID- 6610681 TI - Treatment of cardiac tamponade due to isolated chylopericardium following open heart surgery. AB - Cardiac tamponade due to chylous fluid following open heart surgery in a 41-year old man, is presented. To our knowledge, this is the fourth reported case in the English literature. Treatment included aspiration of the chylous fluid through a subxiphoid incision and creation of a fistula between the pericardium and peritoneum to prevent the loss of chylous fluid. PMID- 6610680 TI - Studies on natural killer cell activity and the influence of Corynebacterium parvum on murine T-cell leukemogenesis induced by butylnitrosourea. AB - Butylnitrosourea (BNU) was used to induce thymic lymphomas in BDF1 mice. During and after the 12-week BNU exposure the spontaneous NK cell activity against YAC-1 cells and that arising 4 days after stimulation with Corynebacterium parvum (CP) were measured, as were the mitogen responses of splenic T and B cells. In addition to BNU, groups of mice received multiple injections of the interferon inducer CP during or after the BNU exposure period. The results show a slight impairment of the NK cell activity by BNU and also after the injections of CP depending heavily on the treatment protocol. After the multiple injections of CP, either into BNU-treated mice or into controls, no further stimulation by CP was possible. The mitogen responses, reduced after BNU, were further reduced after the additional treatment. Both effects can be explained by the known induction of suppressor cells by CP. Although these treatments had pronounced effects on the parameters tested in vitro there was no significant influence on the development of thymic lymphomas in vivo. PMID- 6610682 TI - Actin in the photoreceptor connecting cilium: immunocytochemical localization to the site of outer segment disk formation. AB - Actin has been localized in Rana pipiens retinas that were fixed and embedded in aldehyde cross-linked BSA. Thin sections were reacted sequentially with (a) affinity-purified antiactin antibodies induced in rabbits; (b) biotinyl-sheep anti-rabbit antibodies; and (c) avidin-ferritin conjugates. As expected, antiactin labeling density was high in the apical pigment epithelial cell processes and in the calycal processes of photoreceptors. Actin was also localized in a new site. The connecting cilium that joins the inner and outer segments of both rods and cones was heavily labeled by antiactin at its outer segment (OS), or distal, end. In this region of the cilium, the plasma membrane evaginates to form new OS disks and these basal disks were labeled in some instances. Below the new disks in rods, the cytoplasm of liplike expansions of the distal cilium was also heavily labeled. The plasma membrane and interior of the connecting cilium and the remainder of the OS were unlabeled. These findings suggest that actin may participate in the vectorial transport of opsin and other intrinsic membrane proteins that are incorporated into newly forming OS disks. The results also implicate actin in the membrane expansion involved with OS disk formation. PMID- 6610684 TI - Simultaneous determination of zomepirac and its major metabolite zomepirac glucuronide in human plasma and urine. AB - A method is described for the simultaneous determination of zomepirac and its primary metabolite, zomepirac glucuronide, in plasma and urine. Reversed-phase liquid chromatography is used with an ion-pairing mobile phase of methanol tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate. Detection is by UV at 313 nm. Biological samples are cooled immediately, then adjusted to pH 3 to avoid zomepirac glucuronide degradation. Samples (0.5 ml) are then deproteinated with acetonitrile or acetone, the supernatant concentrated and dissolved in acetonitrile-acetate buffer, with up to one half of the sample injected onto the LC system. Recovery is greater than 70% and reproducible. The measurable concentration range is linear from 0.05 to 200 micrograms/ml. Total elution time of the assay is less than 10 min. Selectivity of zomepirac and zomepirac glucuronide is optimized. Sample preparation prior to analysis so as to prevent zomepirac glucuronide degradation is emphasized. PMID- 6610683 TI - A membrane cytoskeleton from Dictyostelium discoideum. III. Plasma membrane fragments bind predominantly to the sides of actin filaments. AB - The binding between sonicated Dictyostelium discoideum plasma membrane fragments and F-actin on Sephacryl S-1000 beads was found to be competitively inhibited by myosin subfragment-1. This inhibition is MgATP-sensitive, exhibits a Ki of approximately 5 X 10(-8) M, and is reciprocal, since membranes inhibit the binding of 125I-heavy meromyosin to F-actin on beads. These experiments demonstrate that membrane binding and S-1 binding to F-actin on beads are mutually exclusive and, therefore, that the membrane fragments bind predominantly to the sides, rather than to the ends, of the actin filaments. This conclusion is supported by electron micrographs that show many lateral associations between membrane fragments and bead-associated actin filaments. Such lateral associations could play an important role in the organization and lateral movement of membrane proteins by the cytomusculature. PMID- 6610685 TI - Ia+ T cells in new onset Graves' disease. AB - The Ia (immune-associated, DR) antigen is a cell surface glycoprotein which is absent on normal circulating T lymphocytes but present on activated T lymphocytes. We studied the expression of this antigen on circulating T lymphocytes from patients with untreated hyperthyroid Graves' disease. All patients (n = 33) with recent onset hyperthyroid Graves' disease studied had an increased percentage and number of circulating Ia+ T cells. Patients with non Graves's hyperthyroidism or Graves' disease patients more than 1 yr after thyroid ablation had normal values for Ia+ T cells. Other cell surface activation antigens, recognized by monoclonal antibodies 4F2 and 5E9, were not present on circulating T cells in patients with Graves' disease. The 100% positivity for increased numbers of Ia antigen-bearing T cells in hyperthyroid Graves' disease contrasts with our finding of 70% positivity in another HLA-DR-associated disease, recent onset type I diabetes mellitus. The pathogenic significance of these cells is not known, but they seem to represent selective activation of the immune system in patients with untreated hyperthyroid Graves' disease. PMID- 6610686 TI - Clinical evaluation of bone turnover by serum osteocalcin measurements in a hospital setting. AB - Serum levels of osteocalcin, the major noncollagenous bone protein, are elevated in patients with certain metabolic bone diseases, but the effects of other illnesses on serum osteocalcin levels are not known. We measured serum osteocalcin concentrations in 250 patients in a rehabilitation hospital who suffered from various illnesses. Mean serum osteocalcin levels were elevated in patients with 1) recent hip fracture who required open reduction and pin insertion (mean +/- SE, 19.0 +/- 3.2 ng/ml), 2) primary (22.0 +/- 4.9 ng/ml) or secondary hyperparathyroidism (51.6 +/- 9.9 ng/ml), 3) Paget's disease of bone (22.7 +/- 6.1 ng/ml), or 4) metastatic skeletal disease who had not received therapy (37.5 +/- 11.3). Mean serum osteocalcin levels were normal in patients who had received 1) a hip prosthesis for a recent fracture or for severe degenerative joint disease of the hip (6.4 +/- 0.9 ng/ml), 2) recent chemotherapy or irradiation for bone metastases (6.1 +/- 1.3 ng/ml), or 3) a variety of medical problems not related to bone disease (5.2 +/- 0.3 ng/ml). Serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase values did not correlate. This study demonstrates that serum osteocalcin levels are normal in disorders not involving bone, can be used in a general-hospital setting, where concomitant illnesses are present, and may provide additional information for the clinical evaluation of metabolic bone disease. PMID- 6610687 TI - Calcitonin gene related peptide coding sequence is conserved in the human genome and is expressed in medullary thyroid carcinoma. AB - Nucleotide sequence analysis of part of the human calcitonin (hCT) gene revealed the presence of a region with 90% homology to the region in the corresponding rat gene encoding calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP). Analysis of RNA isolated from human medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) indicated that in these tumors mRNA hybridizing to hCT specific probe, mRNA hybridizing to hCGRP specific probe and larger RNA species hybridizing to both hCT and hCGRP probes occur. These results suggest that alternative splicing of the primary transcripts of the human CT gene may result in hCT or hCGRP mRNA. PMID- 6610689 TI - Antibodies to heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins in sera from patients with rheumatic autoimmune diseases. AB - Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles sedimenting at 40 S in sucrose gradients were prepared from calf thymus nuclei. They were identified as heterogeneous nuclear RNP (hnRNP) on the basis of size, electron microscopic examination, buoyant density, and protein electrophoretic patterns. Sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and mixed connective tissue disease were found to interact with hnRNP by counter-immunoelectrophoresis and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Small nuclear RNP (snRNP) were purified by immunoaffinity using a monoclonal anti-snRNP antibody immobilized on Sepharose beads. Inhibition of the ELISA assay for snRNP with anti-hnRNP Fab fragments and cross-over experiments revealed that the autoantibodies detected in human sera recognize common epitopes present on snRNP and hnRNP. PMID- 6610688 TI - Mononuclear-cell subsets in human idiopathic crescentic glomerulonephritis (ICGN): analysis in tissue sections with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Mononuclear inflammatory cells (MIC) were analyzed in renal biopsies from 16 patients with ICGN (7 with glomerular immune complex deposits, 3 with anti-GBM disease, and 6 without immune deposits) by the avidin-biotin-immunoperoxidase technique utilizing monoclonal antibodies to cell surface antigens: T11 (total T), T4 (inducer/helper T), T8 (suppressor/cytotoxic T), B1 (B cells), M1 (monocytes/granulocytes), and Leu 7 [natural killer (NK) cells]. Total MIC were significantly increased in both glomeruli and interstitial tissues of the patients. Interstitial MIC consisted mainly of lymphocytes (80%) and monocytes (19%), with small numbers of B and NK cells present. In contrast, MIC in renal glomeruli of patients with ICGN were composed of monocytes (65%) rather than T lymphocytes (34%). A majority of T lymphocytes found in renal tissues of patients and controls had the helper/inducer phenotype. Tissue T4/T8 ratios were not significantly different in the glomeruli and interstitium. Monocytes and T lymphocytes accumulating in renal tissues of patients with ICGN may mediate glomerular injury in all forms of human ICGN. PMID- 6610690 TI - Characteristics of Haemophilus ducreyi in culture. AB - Growth on different media and the influence of culture conditions were studied on 19 recently isolated strains of Haemophilus ducreyi, none of which had more than four passages on artificial media. The results were compared with 10 laboratory strains, which had an unknown number of passages in vitro. For all strains, growth was best on 30% rabbit blood agar and on Bieling agar. The laboratory strains showed a tendency to grow better on chocolate agar than did the fresh isolates. Of 19 fresh clinical isolates, 12 were CO2 dependent, and 2 needed extra moisture for growth. From the 10 laboratory strains, only one needed CO2 and none needed extra moisture. All 29 strains grew under anaerobic conditions. Of the 19 fresh clinical isolates, 12 grew at 22 degrees C, but only 2 of the 10 laboratory strains grew at this temperature. The laboratory strains grew better than the fresh isolates at 37 degrees C, and the optimal pH for all strains was pH 6.5 to 7.0. All strains showed starch aggregation. PMID- 6610691 TI - Multicomponent analysis of amino acid transport in human lymphocytes. Diminished L-system transport in chronic leukemic B lymphocytes. AB - We have examined the amino acid transport in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and compared it with the amino acid transport in isolated B lymphocytes from human blood and tonsils. L-system transport was measured with 2-amino-2-carboxy bicyclo (2,2,1)-heptane, which is a synthetic amino acid whose transport is limited to the L-system. Amino acid uptake was subjected to a multicomponent analysis that partitioned the total uptake into the saturable carrier-mediated transport system and the uptake by diffusion. The maximal velocity of L-system transport in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells, 81 mumol/1 cell water per min, was less than 10% that of blood B lymphocytes, which was 1,029 mumol/1 cell water per min. The uptake of 2-amino-2-carboxy-bicyclo (2,2,1)-heptane by tonsillar B cells, by a B lymphocyte cell line, and by blood T-lymphocytes was also 10-fold greater than that observed in chronic lymphocytic leukemic cells. Similarly, the L-system uptake of leucine and phenylalanine, which are naturally occurring amino acids usually transported primarily by the L-system, was reduced in chronic lymphocytic leukemic B cells to 15 and 10% of normal B cells, respectively. Total leucine uptake by chronic lymphocytic leukemic cells, however, was sustained at 30% of that expected because of transport via an alternative transport system. The A- or ASC-systems, the other major amino acid transport pathways, were not defective in chronic lymphocytic leukemic cells. These data indicate that there is a specific, profound decrease in L-system carrier-mediated amino acid transport in chronic lymphocytic leukemic B cells, as judged by the system specific synthetic amino acid, 2-amino-2-carboxy-bicyclo (2,2,1)-heptane. This defect was confirmed by studies with two naturally occurring L-system amino acids, leucine and phenylalanine. This specific abnormality of membrane transport by chronic lymphocytic leukemic B lymphocytes is not shared by other B lymphocyte types, and thus appears to be related to the neoplastic nature of the leukemic B cells rather than to their immunologic subtype. PMID- 6610693 TI - Lymphocyte transfusions prevent diabetes in the Bio-Breeding/Worcester rat. AB - The Bio-Breeding/Worcester (BB/W) rat develops spontaneous autoimmune diabetes similar to human insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Transfusions of whole blood from the nondiabetic W-line of BB/W rats prevent the syndrome in diabetes-prone recipients. We report three experiments designed to determine which blood component is protective. In all experiments, diabetes-prone BB/W rats 23 to 35 d of age were given four or six weekly intravenous injections. In the first experiment, animals received either saline or transfusions of erythrocytes, white blood cells, or plasma from W-line donors. Diabetes occurred in 7/22 (32%) erythrocyte, 2/27 (7%) white cell, 14/24 (58%) plasma, and 15/27 (56%) saline recipients (P less than 0.001). At 120 d of age, peripheral blood was obtained from nondiabetic rats. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis of OX 19 tagged leucocytes revealed 35% T lymphocytes in white cell recipients (n = 13), compared with 9% in saline recipients (n = 7; P less than 0.001). Responsiveness to concanavalin A was also increased in the white cell group, whereas the frequency of both insulitis and thyroiditis was decreased. In the second experiment, 1/19 (5%) rats transfused with W-line spleen cells developed diabetes, as contrasted with 12/18 (67%) recipients of diabetes-prone spleen cells and 19/31 (61%) noninjected controls (P less than 0.001). In the third experiment, diabetes-prone rats received either W-line blood treated with a cytotoxic anti-T lymphocyte antibody plus complement, untreated blood, or saline. Diabetes occurred in 8/20 (40%), 1/20 (5%), and 13/19 (68%) rats in each group, respectively (P less than 0.001). We conclude that transfusions of W-line T lymphocytes prevent diabetes in the BB/W rat. PMID- 6610692 TI - Specific HLA-DR4-associated histocompatibility molecules characterize patients with seropositive juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The structural and functional heterogeneity of HLA-DR4-associated specificities was investigated in patients with seropositive juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, a DR4-associated disease. Using a combination of HLA-D analysis by mixed lymphocyte culture and electrophoretic analysis of immunoprecipitated Ia molecules by two dimensional polyacrylamide gels, we observed a surprisingly homogeneous pattern of HLA-D antigen expression. All patients expressed common structural products of the DR and DS loci, and 7/12 homozygous DR4 patients expressed a rare and subtle HLA-D heterozygous phenotype. PMID- 6610694 TI - Histiocytosis X confined to the skin of the scalp. PMID- 6610695 TI - Interhemispheric fissure sign of dysgenesis of the corpus callosum. AB - Failure to develop of the corpus callosum and the neighboring midline structures results in abnormal proximity between the interhemispheric fissure (IHF) and the third ventricle. We have called this finding the IHF sign of dysgenesis of the corpus callosum (DCC). In a retrospective study of 39 cases the presence of the IHF sign was assessed in conjunction with the other well recognized CT manifestations of the disorder. These are: (a) lateral ventricles: pointing of the frontal horns, disproportionate enlargement of the occipital horns and separation of bodies of the lateral ventricles; (b) third ventricle: enlargement, elevation and anterior displacement; and (c) interventricular foramen: enlargement. We found that the IHF sign was present concurrently with the other CT signs of DCC in all 35 cases (100%) where the quality of the CT scans permitted its satisfactory evaluation; in the remaining four the sign could not be assessed because of the unsatisfactory quality of the CT scans. Our study confirms that the IHF sign is an additional reliable CT feature of DCC. PMID- 6610696 TI - Comprehensive dental care. Quality assurance: definitions and directions for the 1980s. PMID- 6610697 TI - Changes of lymphoproliferative responses of T cell subsets to allergen and mitogen after hyposensitization in asthmatic children. AB - The cellular basis for the mechanism of hyposensitization was studied by examining the changes in the numbers and proliferative responses to house dust and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) of T cell subsets of 25 house dust-sensitive asthmatic children before and 1 yr after hyposensitization. The results demonstrated (1) No difference was observed in the mean percentages of OKT3+ cells and OKT8+ cells between normal subjects and patients both before and after hyposensitization, but the absolute numbers of both types of cells in untreated patients were much higher than in the normal subjects or treated patients because of relative lymphocytosis in the untreated patients, (2) While the mean percentage of OKT4+ cells of the untreated patients was lower than that of the normal subjects (40.8 +/- 4.7% vs 44.8 +/- 4.5%, p less than 0.007), the absolute number was higher in the former than that in the latter because of the same reason. After hyposensitization, the mean percentage of the OKT4+ cells was slightly increased, and (3) Hyposensitization was able to restore the proliferative capability to PHA and depress the sensitivity to specific allergen of OKT4+ cells on the one hand and augment the proliferative responses to both PHA and allergen of OKT8+ cells on the other. Taken together, these immunologic changes may explain partly the suppressed IgE-antibody production and decreased lymphoproliferative response to specific allergen after hyposensitization. PMID- 6610698 TI - [Corneal pathology in the cat and dog]. AB - Corneal diseases in the Cat and the Dog are of great variety and present similitudes with human corneal disorders, as demonstrated by the present report which discusses dystrophies, degenerations and inflammations of the cornea successively. Deep endothelial dystrophies are rare, poorly understood, and related to certain breeds; lipid dystrophies are frequent and either primary, occurring in some breeds only, or secondary to hyperlipemia; calcareous dystrophies are breed-related affections. Primary corneal degeneration has been described in the cat only and is a very rare affection. Keratitis is by far the commonest corneal lesion reported, and may be of herpes virus origin in the Cat and due to adenovirus in the Dog. Dry keratitis as in humans has also been observed. Two types of keratitis of allergic origin are described which are closely related to two breeds of dog: Alsatians and the long-haired dachshund. Recurrent corneal erosions, poorly recognized in veterinary medicine, are now described; their etiology and histological appearances are comparable with those reported in humans. These findings emphasize the interest of using animal models for human pathology investigations. PMID- 6610699 TI - Longitudinal versus cross-sectional vital capacity changes and affecting factors. AB - Forced vital capacity (VC) and forced expiratory volume at 0.75 s (FEV) were measured in 592 Cretan island men aged 25 to 74 in 1960, 1965, and 1970. Vital capacity and FEV were directly correlated with height, but percentage changes were unrelated to height. A prominent accelerating decrease with age was also observed, the longitudinal decrement becoming more marked with advancing age. Chronic obstructive lung disease at entry significantly accelerated the loss of lung capacity, more so for emphysema than for chronic bronchitis. Among heavier men, body weight gains intensified the age-dependent loss of vital capacity and FEV. Borderline statistically significant differences in FEV decreases (adjusted for age, height and entry FEV) were seen between cigarette smoking groups. Heavy smokers had more diagnoses of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Modifiable factors in minimizing the decrease of lung capacity with age include obesity, obstructive lung disease, and smoking, the last through development of chronic obstructive lung disease. PMID- 6610700 TI - The intracellular pathway of vitellogenin secretion in the frog hepatocyte as revealed by protein A-gold immunocytochemistry. AB - The protein A-gold immunocytochemical technique was applied to the localization of vitellogenin in the hepatocyte of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, eight days after treatment with estradiol-17 beta. Specific labeling was present in cellular compartments involved in protein secretion and was shown to progress in sequence through RER, Golgi apparatus, immature secretory granules, and mature secretory granules. Labeling intensities were quantitated and the values ranged from 34.6 to 172 gold particles/micron 2. In contrast, low background labeling was observed over mitochondria, nuclei, lipid droplets, and bile canaliculi. These observations support the hypothesis that vitellogenin synthesis and secretion in the frog hepatocyte lies exclusively along the RER-Golgi-granule secretory pathway. In addition to the cellular compartments involved in protein secretion, labeling was found over the majority of the lysosomes. The intensity of lysosomal labeling was intermediate between that of RER and Golgi apparatus. This labeling of lysosomes may be a consequence of the high blood plasma concentrations of vitellogenin that occur in the frog model, or to the well-known crinophagy phenomenon present in secretory cells. PMID- 6610701 TI - Dissociation of severe lupus-like disease from polyclonal B cell activation and IL 2 deficiency in C3H-lpr/lpr mice. AB - The lymphoproliferation characteristic of all strains of mice homozygous for the gene lpr results from the expansion of an unusual subset of cells that express reduced levels of Ly-1 and Thy-1 antigens and high levels of Ly-5(B220), an antigen that is normally only detected on cells of the B lineage. In the present study, C3H-lpr mice were studied to determine when this population of cells first appears in lymph node (LN) and spleen and whether its appearance relates to the development of B cell activation and deficiencies in interleukin 2 (IL 2) production. The results showed that Ly-5(B220)+, sIg- cells were first detected in LN at 4 wk of age; thereafter their numbers increased exponentially until at 16 wk of age they represented more than 80% of LN cells. Two subpopulations of Ly 5(B220)+, sIg- cells were present in LN; one Ly-1+, Thy-1+ and the other Ly-1+, Thy-1-. Ly-5(B220)+, sIg- cells were not detected in C3H-lpr spleen until 6 to 10 wks after their appearance in LN, and their proportions never reached those in LN. Polyclonal B cell activation in C3H-lpr spleens was not observed until Ly 5(B220)+, sIg- cells were present, suggesting that this population may play a role in B cell stimulation. IL 2 production by C3H-lpr spleen and LN cells was normal up to 6 wk of age and was significantly impaired thereafter, with LN being more severely affected than spleen. The IL 2 defect could be significantly repaired by the addition of PMA to the cultures. Although defective IL 2 production coincided with the appearance of Ly-5(B220)+, sIg- cells in LN, it preceded the appearance of these cells in spleen. In spite of the impaired ability to produce IL 2 in vitro, CTL responses to alloantigens were normal. Although C3H-lpr mice share many of the lymphoid abnormalities observed in MRL lpr mice, they do not develop severe, early-onset SLE-like disease characteristic of the latter strain. This suggests that factors other than defective IL 2 production and polyclonal B cell activation are required for the development of fulminant autoimmune disease. PMID- 6610702 TI - Generation of human C3a, C4a, and C5a anaphylatoxins by protein A of Staphylococcus aureus and immobilized protein A reagents used in serotherapy of cancer. AB - Protein A (SpA) alone or immobilized on bacteria (e.g., Cowan strain I), collodion charcoal, or on Sepharose have been used in serotherapy of cancer in humans and experimental animals. Because SpA forms complexes with IgG that can activate complement, and the physiologic response during treatment often involves hypocomplementemia and reactions that are similar to those induced by anaphylatoxins, we used sensitive and specific radioimmunoassays to test the ability of SpA reagents to generate C3a, C4a, and C5a from human serum. The yield of anaphylatoxins depended on the dose of SpA, with the maximum generation of C3a (47 to 55 micrograms/ml) and C5a (1.4 to 1.9 micrograms/ml) being produced with levels of SpA that were maximally precipitated from serum. Maximum C4a levels (up to 15 micrograms/ml) were obtained at concentrations of SpA equal to or greater than the dose required to give optimal precipitation. The maximum concentrations of anaphylatoxins correspond to essentially quantitative conversions of C3 to C3a, C4 to C4a, and 40% of C5 to C5a after correction for levels found in serum incubated in pyrogen-free saline. Preformed insoluble complexes prepared from either serum or monomeric IgG also were capable of generating anaphylatoxins in fresh whole serum up to levels approximately equal to those observed in serum treated directly with an optimal amount of SpA. The preformed complexes from serum or IgG generated similar high concentrations of anaphylatoxins when carried through four sequential incubations with fresh serum, and complexes that contained approximately 1 microgram SpA were still active. Preincubating the insoluble complexes with chicken anti-SpA serum did not alter their activity. Incubation of serum with collodion charcoal coated with SpA, in a system that models the perfusion technique used to treat cancer, produced complexes that generated significant levels of C3a compared with levels found in serum passaged over albumin charcoal or in untreated serum. The C3a levels in serum from the albumin collodion charcoal were not significantly different from those found in untreated serum. Similar amounts of C3a, C4a, or C5a were observed in serum incubated with differing numbers of bacteria representing a strain of S. aureus rich in cell bound SpA (Cowan strain I) or a strain (Wood 46) deficient in SpA. This suggests that in intact bacteria, cell wall factors other than SpA (e.g., peptidoglycan) are predominantly responsible for generating anaphylatoxins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6610703 TI - Feedback regulation of colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1)-induced macrophage proliferation by endogenous E prostaglandins and interferon-alpha/beta. PMID- 6610704 TI - Modulation of polyclonally activated human peripheral B cells by aggregated IgG and by IgG-binding factors: differential effect on IgG subclass synthesis. AB - The regulation of IgG subclass production by polyclonally activated human B cells was investigated by using two systems previously shown to selectively suppress the generation of IgG-containing cells (CC) but not that of IgMCC or IgACC. The first one involved a brief exposure of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) to heat-aggregated human IgG (Agg-IgG) followed by repeated washings and culture with untreated autologous PBMNC. The second one was achieved by addition of human IgG-binding factor(s) (IgGBF) prepared by affinity chromatography from supernatants of unstimulated PBMNC. Pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and Nocardia opaca delipidated cell mitogen (NDCM) were used as polyclonal B cell activators. The latter can induce the terminal differentiation of peripheral B lymphocytes into plasma cells in the absence of helper T cells. After 6 days of culture, the number of cells containing IgM, IgG, or IgA was determined by direct immunofluorescence, and that of cells containing IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4 was determined by indirect immunofluorescence with the use of subclass-specific monoclonal antibodies. After stimulation with PWM, exposure of PBMNC to Agg-IgG resulted in a selective diminution of the number of IgG4CC. With NDCM-stimulated cultures the same procedure induced a selective suppression of the generation of IgG2CC and IgG4CC. Conversely, the addition of IgGBF at the third day of culture was found to induce a 30 to 40% decrease in the number of cells containing each of the four IgG subclasses. Because of their differential pattern of IgG subclass suppression, Agg-IgG and IgGBF are likely to trigger distinct regulatory pathways. PMID- 6610705 TI - Endogenous blood levels of corticosterone control the immunologic cell mass and B cell activity in mice. AB - An inverse relation between endogenous levels of glucocorticoids and splenic mass and cellularity was detected. Decreased endogenous corticosterone blood levels result in an increased number of immunoglobulin-secreting cells in the spleen, a fact that cannot be attributed only to the expansion of the lymphoid cell mass. The opposite phenomenon was observed in animals with high corticosterone blood levels, which showed reduced numbers of immunoglobulin-secreting cells. It is concluded that endogenous glucocorticoid levels contribute to the control of B cell activity and possibly to the interaction of these cells with other immunologic cells. PMID- 6610706 TI - B cell activation. V. Differentiation signaling of B cell membrane depolarization, increased I-A expression, G0 to G1 transition, and thymidine uptake by anti-IgM and anti-IgD antibodies. AB - Although studies have suggested that B cell membrane-associated IgM and IgD may function differently in the generation of humoral immune responses, this difference has proven difficult to define precisely. Toward a better understanding of the function of these antigen receptors, we compared the ability of F(ab')2 fragments of antibodies specific for mouse Fab, IgM, and IgD to induce early changes in B cell physiology that are indicative of cell activation. Specifically, we assessed the ability of membrane IgM (mIgM) or membrane IgD (mIgD) or both in combination to transduce signals that result in membrane depolarization, increased I-A expression, G0 to G1 transition, and thymidine uptake. Results indicate that at low levels of anti-receptor antibody (0.01 to 0.1 microgram/ml) both isotypes transduce signals for the induction of membrane depolarization and increased I-A expression by a significant proportion of B cells, i.e., Ig+ cells. Higher concentrations of ligand (5 to 25 micrograms/ml) are required to induce a significant proportion of cells to undergo G0 to G1 transition and increase thymidine uptake. At optimal concentrations, anti-IgM and anti-IgD induce membrane depolarization and increased I-A expression by 80 to 90% of B cells. Although mIgM also transduces signals sufficient for G0 to G1 transition by 80 to 90% of B cells, mIgD transduces signals sufficient for G0 to G1 by only about 40% of B cells. A similar difference exists for the induction of thymidine uptake. Thus, results suggest that membrane Ig may transduce two different signals depending upon the amount of ligand that they bind. Although in some B cells mIgD can transduce both signals resulting in membrane depolarization and progression into G1, in most cells mIgD transduces only the first signal, resulting in membrane depolarization and increased I-A expression. PMID- 6610707 TI - Monoclonal antibodies reactive with swine lymphocytes. I. Antibodies to membrane structures that define the cytolytic T lymphocyte subset in the swine. AB - A panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) with specificity for swine leukocytes was prepared by somatic cell hybridization with the use of spleen cells from mice immunized with swine thymocytes. The reactivity of two mAb (295/33 and 122/28), which both immunoprecipitated from the surface of swine leukocytes an antigen termed S-L2 with an apparent m.w. of 33 to 35 kilodaltons under reducing and 65 to 70 kilodaltons under nonreducing conditions, was investigated in detail. These mAb were reactive in indirect immunofluorescence with 50 to 60% of thymocytes, 35% of peripheral blood lymphocytes, and 55% of E rosette-positive cells; they were nonreactive with bone marrow cells, Ig+ B cells, nonrosetting lymphocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes. In functional studies, the elimination of S-L2+ cells partially reduced the proliferative response to concanavalin A and pokeweed mitogen but not to Staphylococcus aureus and lipopolysaccharide. The S-L2- subset proliferated well to alloantigens. Both cytolytic T effector cells and precursor cells carried the antigen S-L2 and could be depleted from heterogeneous cell populations by both antibodies in the presence of complement. These data suggest that the mAb 295/33 and 122/28 recognize a specific polypeptide present on the surface of swine cytolytic T cells. These antibodies will be useful in studies on the swine immune system. PMID- 6610708 TI - Direct effects of a monoclonal B cell differentiation factor and of purified interleukin 1 on B cell differentiation. AB - We have previously described the presence of factors in mixed lymphocyte culture supernatants that induce activated but not resting human B cells to secrete Ig. In the present study, we describe the effects of a B cell differentiation factor in the supernatant (SN) of a T-T hybridoma (clone 7D5). We find that it induces Ig secretion by human B cells in the absence of T cells or monocytes. It acts only on activated B cells, because small (resting) B cells isolated by centrifugal counterflow elutriation do not respond to it, whereas the same cells do develop into Ig-secreting cells if activated in culture with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I before exposure to SN 7D5. By using class-specific reagents in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, we found SN 7D5 to result in the secretion of significant amounts of IgM, IgG, and IgA. We also studied the effects of highly purified interleukin 1 on this differentiation process. Interleukin 1 by itself failed to induce Ig secretion by activated B cells, and its presence was not required for the induction of Ig secretion by SN 7D5. However, interleukin 1 consistently synergized with SN 7D5 in inducing Ig secretion by purified B cells. PMID- 6610709 TI - Immune function in severe, active rheumatoid arthritis: a relationship between peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation to soluble antigens and mononuclear cell subset profiles. AB - We have previously reported that patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and depressed in vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation to soluble recall antigens (anergic subgroup) improve clinically after repeated short-term leukapheresis, whereas patients with normal responses (nonanergic subgroup) do not. This observation prompted us to examine the mononuclear cell subset profiles in the peripheral blood of anergic and nonanergic seropositive rheumatoid arthritis patients with severe, active, clinically similar disease not taking long-acting anti-rheumatic drugs. In the present study, 42 patients were categorized as anergic (n = 14) or nonanergic (n = 28) on the basis of in vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation to soluble recall antigens. The anergic patients had a decreased frequency of OKT4+ mononuclear cells (p less than 0.01), and an increased frequency of OKT8+ cells (p less than 0.02), with a lower OKT4+ :OKT8+ ratio (p less than 0.01) than the nonanergic patients. Anergic patients also had a higher frequency of HLA-DR+ mononuclear cells and HLA-DR+ T cells (p less than 0.001). About 50% of the OKT8+ cells were HLA-DR+, whereas only about 20% of the OKT4+ population expressed HLA-DR antigens. These data suggest that the decreased lymphocyte function described in the anergic patient subgroup is associated with characteristic peripheral blood mononuclear cell subset profiles. Moreover, when considered in the context of other data indicating that anergic patients have characteristic synovial immunopathologic abnormalities, these data provide insight into potential pathogenic mechanisms of this disorder. PMID- 6610710 TI - Effect of glucocorticosteroids on epidermal cell-induced immune responses. AB - Recent reports indicate that pharmacologic doses of glucocorticosteroids induce structural alterations in epidermal Langerhans cells. In this study we hoped to determine whether steroid-induced changes in Langerhans cell surface characteristics are paralleled by alterations in Langerhans cell-dependent immunologic functions of epidermal cells. We found that both topically and systemically administered steroids led to a dose-dependent reduction in the number of Ia-bearing epidermal cells. This numerical decrease was paralleled by a substantial impairment of Langerhans cell-dependent immunologic functions of epidermal cells in that their capacity to induce antigen-specific, syngeneic, and allogeneic proliferation of T cells from non-steroid-treated animals was substantially reduced. The capacity of epidermal cells to generate ETAF activity, however, was not adversely affected by the steroid treatment. After cessation of treatment, Langerhans cell numbers and Langerhans cell-dependent in vitro functions slowly and gradually returned to normal values. We propose that the ability of glucocorticosteroids to interfere with the generation of T cell dependent immune responses may be due, at least in part, to their interference with antigen-presenting cell function. PMID- 6610711 TI - Suppression of IgE synthesis in mouse plasma cells and B cells by rat IgE suppressive factor. AB - Rat IgE-binding factors were assessed for the ability to regulate the IgE response of mouse spleen cells. A rat-mouse T cell hybridoma, 23B6, produced two species, i.e., 15,000 (15K) daltons and 30K daltons, of rat IgE-binding factors upon incubation with rat IgE. The 15K IgE-binding factor selectively suppressed the in vitro IgE response of DNP-KLH-primed BALB/c spleen cells to homologous antigen without affecting the IgG1 response, whereas the 30K IgE-binding factor failed to affect both the IgE and IgG1 responses. Incubation of IgE-producing hybridoma cells with the 15K IgE-binding factor resulted in a parallel decrease in the proportion of IgE-secreting cells, cytoplasmic IgE-containing cells, and sIgE+ cells. The same IgE-binding factor suppressed IgE formation by mouse plasma cells in DNP-KLH-primed or KLH-primed BDF1 mice without affecting the IgG1 forming cells. In contrast, the 30K IgE-binding factor failed to affect the formation of IgE by the hybridoma and the plasma cells. It was also found that incubation of the splenic lymphocytes with the 15K IgE-binding factor resulted in a decrease in sIgE+ B cells; the 30K IgE-binding factor failed to do so. The results indicate that the binding of the 15K IgE-binding factor to plasma cells and to sIgE+ B cells results in suppression of IgE synthesis in these cells. PMID- 6610713 TI - Phorbol esters inactivate the lytic apparatus of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - Treatment of cloned murine CTL with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) initiates the loss of lytic potential of these cells. The process is relatively rapid (t 1/2 = 2.2 +/- 0.7 hr), occurs independently of protein synthesis, and can be largely reversed within 3 hr by incubation in normal medium with or without the addition of supernatants from activated lymphocytes. Examination of PMA-treated or untreated CTL in assays that separate binding and post-binding events suggests that the lytic apparatus itself is a major target of the PMA-initiated event. PMID- 6610712 TI - The isolation and functional characterization of autoimmune clones expressing inappropriate Ia. AB - The MRL/lpr mouse is an inbred strain widely accepted as a model for autoimmune disease both in murine and human systems. Developed from a series of crosses involving four strains of mice, the MRL/lpr (H-2k) genome is a composite estimated to contain approximately 75% of its parental LG/J (H-2d) genome. To explore the cellular mechanism underlying lymphoproliferation in the MRL/lpr mouse, we have isolated a series of clones from the lymph nodes of MRL/lpr mice with autoimmune disease. Extensive immunofluorescent analyses of these clones, designated the PAC series, reveal expression of IAk and IEk (beta-chain) cell surface antigens, as well as inappropriate expression of IAd, IEd (beta-chain), and H-2d. PAC cells also express MAC-1, MAC-2, RA3-2C2, and RA3-6B2 and contain esterase-positive cytoplasmic granules. The capacity of PAC cells to present antigen was investigated by co-culturing PAC with IA-restricted, antigen-specific T cell hybridomas +/- antigen. These assays demonstrated the PAC inability to present antigen to IAk-restricted T cell hybridomas, as well as their capacity to present antigen to IAd-restricted T cell hybridomas. In addition, activation of MRL/lpr peritoneal macrophages using gamma-interferon resulted in increased fluorescent staining for IAd and IEd concomitant with decreased fluorescent staining for IAk. Based on these findings, we propose a model of lymphoproliferation in which Ly-1+, H-2K+ T cells proliferate to inappropriate d haplotype antigens expressed by a small subset of monocytes in the MRL/lpr lymph node. The major genomic contribution of the LG/J (H-2d) mouse may be in part responsible for inappropriate antigen expression either by age-dependent expansion of d haplotype cells or by age-regulated expression of Iad and H-2d genes. PMID- 6610714 TI - The protective level of serum antibodies to the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b. PMID- 6610715 TI - Immunogenic response to hymenolepiasis nana. PMID- 6610716 TI - Correlation between density of infection and blood picture in ancylostomiasis. PMID- 6610717 TI - [A case of T cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia associated with carcinoma of the esophagus]. PMID- 6610718 TI - [A study on pathogenesis and treatment of Felty's syndrome]. PMID- 6610719 TI - Computer-generated progress notes in an automated POMR. AB - Herein we describe an innovative, computerized version of Problem Oriented Medical Records (POMR). This expanded variation of the Weed system is currently being used by primary care physicians on a regular basis with excellent results. The method is an extension of the POMR system of keeping medical records, augmented in the manner of McDonald for computer-generated reminders. Separate files are maintained for the patients, the diagnoses, and the medications. At each patient "encounter," reminders from the diagnosis file are printed for each active diagnosis for the patient. These reminders are grouped into initial data bases and follow-up data bases. For each "diagnosis-specific data base," both subjective and objective reminders are printed. Similarly, follow-up data reminders for medication surveillance are displayed. PMID- 6610720 TI - Idiotypic analysis of potential and available repertoires in the arsonate system. AB - We have shown that, by suitable idiotypic manipulation, BALB/c mice can express the major cross-reactive idiotype (CRI) of A/J mice in response to azophenylarsonate (Ars). In order to know if the CRIA idiotype is present in the potential repertoire of BALB/c before any intentional selection, we used polyclonal activation in vitro and limiting dilution analysis. The readout was done with two monoclonal anti-CRIA antibodies that recognize distinct idiotopes on a CRIA+ A/J germline-encoded monoclonal antibody. We studied the frequency of CRIA+ lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-reactive cells in the spleens of nonimmune and immune A/J mice and in the spleens of naive and manipulated (i.e., producing CRIA+ antibodies) BALB/c mice. A/J and BALB/c naive individuals presented very high frequencies of Ars-specific B cells while the frequency of CRIA+ B cells was only a minor subset (0.5%) of the total Ars-specific subset in the two strains. When A/J mice were immunized with Ars-keyhole limpet hemocyanin, a clear preferential expansion of the CRIA+ minor subset of A/J mice was observed (100x). No such enhancement was observed in BALB/c mice similarly treated. Manipulated BALB/c mice presented a higher frequency of CRIA+ anti-Ars B cells than naive or antigen-immunized BALB/c individuals. PMID- 6610721 TI - Physiology of B cells in mice with X-linked immunodeficiency. II. Influence of the thymus and mature T cells on B cell differentiation. AB - Evidence is presented that the in vivo differentiation of B cells expressing X linked immunodeficiency (xid) is controlled by mature T cells. Normal (C57BL/6 X CBA/J)F1 mice were thymectomized (ATx), heavily irradiated, and reconstituted with CBA/N (xid) or CBA/Ca (nondefective) marrow. In contrast to sham-operated mice, ATx recipients of xid marrow showed an almost total absence of Ig+ B cells in lymph nodes (LN) and thoracic duct lymph at 2 mo post-reconstitution ; B cells were markedly reduced in the spleen in some mice but only moderately in others. Addition of mature T cells soon after marrow reconstitution substantially abrogated the B cell depletion. In control experiments with nondefective B cells, the number of B cells developing in ATx irradiated recipients of normal (xid-) marrow cells was not detectably lower than in sham-operated recipients. These data imply that a subset of T-dependent B cells is either missing in normal mice or present in only very small numbers. PMID- 6610722 TI - Renal handling of phosphate, calcium, sodium, and potassium in intact and parathyroidectomized Rana pipiens. AB - Renal excretion of phosphate, calcium, sodium, and potassium in intact and parathyroidectomized male Rana pipiens was studied by renal clearance techniques using 14C-inulin. In intact frogs, 57% of filtered phosphate, 60% of filtered calcium, 97% of filtered sodium, and 89% of filtered potassium was reabsorbed by the renal tubules. Following parathyroidectomy, the rate of reabsorption of phosphate became significantly higher than that of the intact frog, and the relative phosphate clearance (fractional excretion) decreased. These changes corresponded with a gradual rise in serum phosphate values. There was no major effect on excretion patterns of calcium, sodium, or potassium after parathyroidectomy. These results suggest that in frogs the parathyroid glands strongly influence phosphate excretion patterns but have little effect on the excretion of calcium, sodium, or potassium. PMID- 6610723 TI - Effective early intervention for adolescents harmfully involved in alcohol and drugs. PMID- 6610724 TI - Slimmer's paralysis--peroneal neuropathy during weight reduction. AB - Ten patients developed peripheral neuropathy while on a reducing diet. One of the patients sustained a severe polyneuropathy attributable to thiamine deficiency. Nine developed unilateral peroneal paralysis. Electromyography revealed bilateral abnormalities in three of these patients. The neuropathy could not be attributed to any factor other than weight reduction. In contrast to previous reports suggesting a compressive aetiology, the present observations indicate that metabolic disturbances are the cause of the disorder. PMID- 6610725 TI - Whole blood cyanide levels in patients with tobacco amblyopia. AB - Three patients presented with painless bilateral visual failure due to tobacco amblyopia. The whole blood cyanide levels were raised above those predicted from their high tobacco consumption, approaching lethal levels reported from acute inhalation of cyanide. Each patient had an excessive alcohol intake with biochemical evidence of hepatic dysfunction, the elevated whole blood cyanide levels being attributed to the associated impairment of cyanide detoxification. In each case the improvement in visual acuities following abstinence and hydroxycobalamin therapy was accompanied by a reduction in the whole blood cyanide level to within the normal range. Serial measurements of whole blood cyanide, serum alcohol, and the detection of urinary nicotine provided valuable indices of the patient's subsequent compliance and clinical progress. PMID- 6610726 TI - Immunity to transplantable nitrosourea-induced neurogenic tumors. III. Systemic adoptive transfer of immunity. AB - The effect of intravenously injected tumor immune spleen cells on growth of 3 X 10(5) gliosarcoma T9 cells injected intradermally (ID) or intracerebrally (IC) into sublethally irradiated CDF rats was evaluated. Spleen cells from donor rats with sufficient immunity to reject 5 X 10(5) T9 cells inhibited the growth of T9 cells mixed with spleen cells in a ratio of 1:25 and injected ID, but could not act after intravenous transfer. However, donor rats which had rejected increasing T9 challenge doses up to 1 X 10(7) cells produced immune spleen cells which, upon IV transfer, could inhibit growth of ID T9 challenge but not of EB-679, an unrelated glioma, in recipient rats. Rejection of IC T9 challenge was also obtained after IV transfer, in recipients of such "hyperimmune" spleen cells, but was less (60% maximum) than that noted after ID T9 challenge (100% maximum). The removal of B cells from the transferred spleen cells did not affect the results, suggesting that the specific immunity was mediated by T cells. We conclude that the special immunological circumstances of tumors growing in the brain renders them less accessible to rejection by systemically transferred immune cells, but it is nevertheless possible to effect a significant incidence of rejection of syngeneic tumor growth in the brain by the intravenous transfer of hyperimmune spleen cells. PMID- 6610727 TI - Herpes zoster ophthalmicus with contralateral hemiplegia and normal pressure hydrocephalus. AB - A case of herpes zoster ophthalmicus complicated by contralateral hemiplegia and normal pressure hydrocephalus is presented. The hydrocephalus is considered to be caused by recurrent haemorrhage from extensive cerebral arteritis. PMID- 6610728 TI - Physiological evidence for specificity of synaptic connections between individual sensory and motor neurons in the brachial spinal cord of the bullfrog. AB - We have studied synaptic connections between individual stretch-sensitive muscle afferents and motoneurons in the brachial spinal cord of bullfrogs. Sensory afferents from a given head of the triceps brachii muscle preferentially innervate motoneurons that project to the same muscle head. This preference is characterized in two ways: each class of sensory axon innervates a greater proportion of corresponding motoneurons than of motoneurons projecting to synergistic or unrelated muscles, and the synaptic potentials in these corresponding motoneurons are motoneurons that project to the same muscle head. This preference is characterized in two ways: each class of sensory axon innervates a greater proportion of corresponding motoneurons than of motoneurons projecting to synergistic or unrelated muscles, and the synaptic potentials in these corresponding motoneurons are of larger amplitude. A novel feature of these experiments is that even the smallest averaged synaptic potential is several times larger than the noise level. These smallest synaptic potentials thus represent the smallest synaptic interaction between a sensory and motor cell, and they could be the physiological correlate of a single sensory bouton on a motoneuronal dendrite. PMID- 6610729 TI - Anatomical basis of specific connections between sensory axons and motor neurons in the brachial spinal cord of the bullfrog. AB - The anatomical basis for the specificity of the monosynaptic stretch reflex has been studied in the brachial spinal cord of bullfrogs. Sensory axons from the triceps brachii muscle innervate the corresponding triceps motoneurons but do not innervate two types of unrelated motoneurons (subscapularis and pectoralis) (Lichtman, J.W., and E. Frank (1984) J. Neurosci. 4: 1745-1753). Retrograde labeling of these three types of motoneurons with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) demonstrated that their cell bodies had overlapping distributions in the lateral motor column, and their dendrites all occupied the same region of the dorsal horn. In addition, triceps sensory axons aborized extensively in the dorsal horn throughout the brachial spinal cord, with no obvious predilection for the region of the triceps motoneurons. Thus, the physiological specificity of these sensory motor connections was not apparent from the anatomical location of the sensory or motor neurons. However, by injecting single pairs of related or unrelated sensory and motor cells with HRP, we found that related pairs formed anatomical contacts with each other more frequently than unrelated sensory-motor pairs did. These observations suggest that the specificity of these connections is most likely the result of local interactions between sensory and motor processes. PMID- 6610730 TI - Fourth ventriculoceles with extracranial extension. AB - The radiographic features and long-term clinical outcome in three patients who presented at birth with a cystic suboccipital mass in direct communication with the fourth ventricle are reviewed. The pathological findings in a fourth infant who died are also discussed. All surviving infants were treated with cyst excision and diversion of cerebrospinal fluid. The prognosis in these children, followed from 6 to 20 years, surpasses that of the more common occipital encephalocele, for which this entity could be mistaken. The morphogenetic implications relative to more common congenital lesions in this location are discussed. PMID- 6610731 TI - Short-term thymidine uptake in normal and neoplastic tissues: studies for PET. AB - Uptake of H-3 thymidine was studied in mice, both normal and with spontaneous lymphoma, and in the organs and tumors of dogs with spontaneous tumors. Uptake was compared with relative blood flow as measured by the distribution of C-14 iodoantipyrine. Initial distribution of thymidine in normal mice measured 20 sec after injection, correlated with the relative perfusion measurements; however, all measurements of thymidine uptake made between 1 and 60 min after injection showed no correlation with perfusion. This indicates that the distribution more than 1 min after injection is primarily dependent on subsequent redistribution and/or metabolism of thymidine. A time-course study demonstrated that normal mouse organs with high rates of proliferation retained all the labeled thymidine initially taken up. Organs with low rates of proliferation lost their label in a nearly exponential washout. These studies provide further evidence of the feasibility of using C-11 thymidine for positron emission tomography (PET). PMID- 6610732 TI - The sources of overestimation in the quantification by SPECT of uptakes in a myocardial phantom: concise communication. AB - A single photon emission computerized tomographic (SPECT) system's overestimation of the tracer concentration in a myocardial perfusion defect was examined by physical phantom studies. An empirical attenuation correction was used to isolate the problem of overestimation from imperfect attenuation correction. The overestimation of defect concentration in our SPECT system was found to come from three sources: software error, finite spatial resolution of the system, and scattered photons generated inside the phantom. The findings confirmed the current belief that the two major problems remaining in quantification with the SPECT technique are attenuation correction and scatter correction. PMID- 6610733 TI - Angled-collimator SPECT (A-SPECT): an improved approach to cranial single photon emission tomography. AB - A special 30 degree slant-hole collimator has been developed for rotating camera single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) that allows the camera to remain close to the patient's head throughout a standard 360 degrees circular rotation. Compared with SPECT using parallel-hole collimation, angled-collimator SPECT (A-SPECT) yielded approximately a 30% increase in resolution without significant losses in sensitivity. The full width at half maximum in reconstructed transaxial images of Tc-99m line sources was 1.2 cm for the A-SPECT system compared with 1.6 cm for conventional SPECT, and A-SPECT yielded substantial improvements in modulation transfer function for the line source. A SPECT images of phantoms and of patients with paranasal sinus disease were consistently superior in resolution to those of conventional SPECT. The findings suggest that A-SPECT will improve the quality of cranial images obtained with rotating camera SPECT systems. PMID- 6610734 TI - Adherent cell requirement for the effect of vitamin E on in vitro antibody synthesis. AB - Mice deficient in dietary vitamin E are impaired in their humoral and cell mediated immunological responses. The basis for this impaired immunocompetence was investigated by using the in vitro antibody response as an assay system. Spleen cells from mice fed vitamin E-deficient diets were low responders to the antigens, sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and dinitrophenyl-L-lysine-Ficoll (DNP Ficoll). However, they responded as well as mice fed vitamin E-supplemented diets to the relatively macrophage-independent antigen trinitrophenylated lipopolysaccharide (TNP-LPS). This suggested that the macrophage was the cell most affected by the vitamin E deficiency. The involvement of macrophages was confirmed directly by mixing experiments, in which it was shown that macrophages from vitamin E-deficient mice were unable to support an antibody response by macrophage-depleted spleen cells from vitamin E-supplemented mice. Macrophages from vitamin E-deficient mice expressed less Ia antigen, and seemed less able to present antigen to nonadherent cells. However, it was found that macrophages from vitamin E-deficient mice not only lacked accessory cell function, but could act instead as suppressor cells. The effect of dietary vitamin E was noted with either saturated or unsaturated sources of fat in the diet. PMID- 6610735 TI - DTP immunization and SIDS. PMID- 6610737 TI - Acute leukemia with features of systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6610736 TI - Immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide--diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine in adults. AB - The capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b is a poor immunogen in human infants. In an attempt to enhance immunogenicity, this polysaccharide was covalently coupled to diphtheria toxoid and the conjugate tested as a vaccine in adult volunteers. Two injections of PRP-D vaccine were given, separated by one month. The anti-PRP antibody responses in this group were compared with those in a group receiving a comparable dose (20 micrograms) of conventional PRP vaccine. Both vaccines were well tolerated. A single injection of PRP-D was significantly more immunogenic than PRP, eliciting higher serum concentrations of total anti PRP antibody 1 month later (geo means of 248 and 62 micrograms/ml, respectively; P less than 0.001). In addition, higher concentrations of IgG anti-PRP antibody were observed in the PRP-D group (P less than 0.001). One month after reinjection of vaccine, subjects receiving PRP-D showed a small but significant decline in total antibody (P = 0.03), whereas the serum antibody concentrations in the group that received PRP remained unchanged. At 12 months, the antibody concentrations of the two groups were not significantly different. Bactericidal activity and passive protection activity (infant rat model) were tested in pooled sera from the three highest and three lowest responders in each vaccine group; both PRP and PRP-D vaccines induced biologically active anti-PRP antibody. Thus PRP-D was found to elicit biologically active serum antibody and to be more immunogenic in adults than PRP vaccine; however, the duration of higher concentrations of antibody was transient. PMID- 6610738 TI - High concentrations of vitamin D2 in human milk associated with pharmacologic doses of vitamin D2. PMID- 6610739 TI - Exocrine pancreatic function in diabetic children. AB - Exocrine pancreatic function was evaluated in 19 diabetic children on the basis of a pancreozymin-secretin test, a p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) test, and a determination of fasting plasma trypsin and elastase-1 levels. In the pancreozymin-secretin test, the diabetics exhibited lower mean values in all the parameters measured, significant differences being seen in the volume of duodenal fluid and the output of bicarbonate and amylase. Compared to the controls, the diabetics also had lower levels in the PABA test and in the trypsin and elastase 1 measurements. No significant correlation was seen between exocrine pancreatic dysfunction and the duration of diabetes. However, the duration of diabetes in children who showed extremely low levels (below the mean +/- 2 SD for the control subjects) in the PABA test and low plasma trypsin and elastase-1 values was more than 1 year. This study revealed that diabetic children had reduced exocrine pancreatic function, some in an early stage of the disease. Therefore, the reduction may be due to a functional disturbance rather than to an anatomical loss of exocrine pancreatic tissue. PMID- 6610740 TI - B-lymphocyte blastogenesis in response to periodontitis-associated bacteria. Kinetics and proportion of total response. AB - A role for activated B-lymphocytes in mediating the initiation and/or progression of periodontal diseases has been proposed in previous work. The present study was conducted to: (1) assess the proportion of total lymphocyte blastogenic response to selected oral bacteria which is composed of T-cell and B-cell activation, respectively, and (2) to determine whether different kinetic patterns exist for the T-cell vs. the B-cell responses to these bacteria. Using lymphocyte rosetting and culturing techniques, rosette-positive and rosette-negative lymphocyte preparations were examined for blastogenic responsiveness following stimulation with a variety of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative periodontitis-associated bacteria. Results of these studies indicated that both peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from healthy adults and cord blood lymphocytes (CBL) from placental afterbirths responded to these bacteria with similar kinetic patterns. The net PBL blastogenic response appeared to consist of an early B-cell response, which peaked at Days 2 or 3 of culture, followed by a later T-cell response, which peaked at Days 5 to 6 of culture. The B-cell response appeared to be T-cell dependent in that B-cells cultured alone showed minimal thymidine uptake over the entire 6-day period, but the addition of irradiated T-cells to these B-cell cultures resulted in a greatly enhanced B-cell response. PMID- 6610741 TI - Depletion of endogenous inorganic sulfate in the mammalian central nervous system by acetaminophen. PMID- 6610742 TI - Charge movements near the mechanical threshold in skeletal muscle of Rana temporaria. AB - Charge movement was investigated over a range of potentials close to the mechanical threshold in voltage-clamped frog skeletal muscle. The delayed (q gamma) component of the charging currents appeared with a time course lasting well over 100 ms at around -50 to -40 mV, but the currents became larger and faster with further depolarization. The slow charging current was investigated using a 10 mV probe step intercepting the time course of these currents. This procedure showed that the charging currents could last as long as 100-300 ms. The total charge was conserved when the charging current was small and prolonged. The results can be related directly to earlier findings concerning contractile activation of muscle by applied voltage steps to potentials near threshold ( Adrian , Chandler & Hodgkin, 1969). PMID- 6610744 TI - Acetylcholinesterase activity in intact and homogenized skeletal muscle of the frog. AB - Enzymatic hydrolysis of acetylcholine (ACh) was determined in intact frog sartorius muscles or their homogenates. The Vmax was 29 nmol min-1 in intact muscles and 46 nmol min-1 per muscle in homogenates, and the Km was 6 and 0.2 mM, respectively. The muscle was divided into small segments, which were homogenized; the junctional cholinesterase (ChE) accounted for 60% of total enzyme activity. At low substrate concentrations the rate of hydrolysis was up to 30 times higher in homogenates than in intact muscles. This difference was greatly reduced at very high substrate concentrations. It appears that most of the ChE in intact muscle is 'occluded' to external ACh, mainly because the ChE at the edges of the synaptic cleft prevents the ACh from reaching the enzyme situated further inwards, which consequently does not contribute to its hydrolysis; homogenization makes all synaptic ChE accessible to added ACh. Incubation of sartorius muscles with collagenase caused an 80% decrease in ChE activity (determined in homogenates) of end-plate-containing parts which became similar to that in end plate-free parts on which collagenase had little effect. Histochemistry showed that the tendon-muscle junction contained folds which were stained intensively for ChE. Diethyldimethylpyrophosphonate , neostigmine, eserine, and di-isopropyl fluorophosphonate inhibited ChE activity in this order of potency. The I50 values (i.e. the concentrations of the drugs which caused a 50% inhibition) were about 5 times higher in intact than in homogenized tissue. Neostigmine, 0.15 and 0.4 microM, increased the time constant of miniature end-plate currents 1.3- and 1.8 fold, and slowed down ChE activity of muscle homogenates by 1.4 and 2.1 times, respectively, without significantly affecting ACh hydrolysis by intact muscles. This indicates that synaptic ChE is not present in large excess. It is concluded that ChE activity measured in homogenates presents a better picture of in situ ChE activity than that measured in whole muscles especially for evaluating the effect of ChE inhibitors. A mathematical model for ChE-hindered diffusion of ACh is presented in an Appendix. PMID- 6610743 TI - Intracellular ion activities in frog skin in relation to external sodium and effects of amiloride and/or ouabain. AB - Intracellular activities of sodium, potassium and chloride ions, aiNa, aiK, and aiCl were measured with ion-selective single-, double- and triple-barrelled micro electrodes in skin and isolated epithelia of Rana temporaria bathed on both sides with normal or modified physiological saline. Apical and basolateral membrane potentials, psi ac and psi cs and resistance Ra and Rb respectively were also measured and from the latter the fractional resistance of the apical membrane, F(Ra) and voltage divider ratio, delta psi ac/delta psi cs were measured as criteria of satisfactory membrane penetration by the micro-electrodes. Under control conditions, aiNa was 12.3 +/- 0.8 mM, aiK was 70.3 +/- 22 mM and aiCl was 20.3 +/- 1.6 mM with psi ac averaging -38.0 +/- 3.2 mV. When 10(-4) M-amiloride was added to the apical bathing fluid aiNa fell within 10 min to 1.18 +/- 0.1 mM and aiCl to 5.2 +/- 0.9 mM, while aiK increased to 86.2 +/- 3.8 mM as measured from the basolateral border of isolated epithelia. The sodium transport pool of the skin was measured from the fall in aiNa in the presence of amiloride and could be expressed as 33 X 10(-9) mol cm-2 of epithelium. The mean rate of fall of aiNa under these conditions corresponded to an efflux rate at the basolateral border of 30.1 X 10(-9) mol cm-2 min-1 (48 microA cm-2) giving a half-time for turnover of the sodium transport pool of 33 s. Reduction of sodium concentration in the apical fluid from the normal 79 mM-Na to 10, 1 and 0.1 mM caused aiNa to fall in stages to 2 mM. Because psi ac increased in negativity to -101 mV in the process, this driving force for passive sodium accumulation, more than offset the increased sodium gradient opposing sodium influx across the apical border. PMID- 6610745 TI - Measurements of the Pulfrich effect over days of exposure. AB - Mean depth settings and subjective reports appear to confirm previous subjective reports from users of the X-Chrom prescription lens that Pulfrich Effect depth distortions decrease with continued exposure to light intensity disparity. Depth setting variability across Days of exposure indicates a rapid increase in depth judgment errors which persists without decrement across Days. This increased variability, the apparent depth decrements, and color discrimination improvements shed light on the visual processing underlying the Pulfrich Effect and reveal a potentially dangerous illusion. PMID- 6610746 TI - A freeze-fracture electron microscope study of Trichomonas vaginalis Donne and Tritrichomonas foetus (Riedmuller). AB - Two strains of Trichomonas vaginalis, JH162A , with low pathogenicity, and Balt 44, with high pathogenicity, as well as one highly pathogenic strain, KV-1, of Tritrichomonas foetus were studied by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. The protoplasmic faces ( PFs ) of the cell membranes of all three strains of both species had similar numbers of intramembranous particles (IMPs); however, the particles in the external faces (EFs) of these membranes were least abundant in Trichomonas vaginalis strain Balt 44 and most numerous in those of strain JH162A of this species. In Tritrichomonas foetus strain KV-1 the number of IMPs in the EF was close to but somewhat lower than that in the mild strain of the human urogenital trichomonad . In both species, the anterior, but not the recurrent, flagella had rosette-like formations, consisting of approximately 9 to 12 IMPs on both the PFs and EFs. The numbers and distribution of the rosettes appeared to vary among different flagella and in different areas of individual flagella of a single organism belonging to either species. The freeze-fracture electron micrographs provided a more complete understanding of the fine structure of undulating membranes of Trichomonadinae , as represented by Trichomonas vaginalis, and of Tritrichomonadinae (the Tritrichomonas augusta -type), as exemplified by Tritrichomonas foetus, than was gained from previous transmission and scanning electron microscope studies. Typically three longitudinal rows of IMPs on the PF of the recurrent flagellum of Trichomonas vaginalis were noted in the area of attachment of this flagellum to the undulating membrane. The functional aspects of the various structures and differences between certain organelles revealed in the two trichomonad species by the freeze-fracture method are discussed. PMID- 6610747 TI - Cancer-related pain--I. Prevalence in an outpatient setting as a function of stage of disease and type of cancer. AB - Cancer-related pain is a clinical problem of enormous significance that has received relatively little scientific study. Most reports of its prevalence and treatment have examined inpatient populations with varying degrees of regard for the stage of disease and the presence of non cancer-related sources of pain. In the present study, 208 consecutive ambulatory patients with cancer were evaluated. Nearly half (47.9%) reported no pain during the preceding week, 33.5% had pain directly referable to their cancer and 6.7% were suffering from pain related to therapy for their cancer. A small group (11%) had pain readily attributable to a source other than their cancer. Patients with metastatic disease, particularly those with bone metastases, reported cancer-related pain significantly more often than patients with local and regional disease (p less than 0.001). Patients with lymphoma reported the presence of cancer-related pain significantly less often than patients in all other diagnostic categories (p less than 0.001). PMID- 6610748 TI - Spectrotypic analysis of passively acquired and newly synthesised IgG antibodies in the neonatal and young mouse. AB - Isoelectric focussing with autoradiography has been used to analyse the selective nature of passive transmission of specific anti-Ig allotypic antibodies from the mother to the young mouse, and to study the generation of spectrotypic (clonal) diversity of autologous IgG2a (carrying the paternal inherited Igh-1b allotype) in BALB/c X SJL/J F1 (Igh- 1ab heterozygote) mice. Transmission of anti-allotypic antibody to neonatal mice was found to be pI restricted, with selection favouring electrophoretically fast IgG. Comparison of the antibody spectrotype in maternal serum, milk and neonatal serum revealed that the pI restriction in transmission operates at the level of the neonatal gut. Analysis of the paternally inherited Igh-1b IgG2a molecules as they are first synthesised and secreted into the neonatal serum revealed an extensive polyclonality on first detection by the very sensitive focussing assay. It can be deduced that IgV region diversity is generated by IgG2a-synthesising cells prior to, or at the time of, the first secretion of this class of antibody into the serum. PMID- 6610749 TI - HLA antigens and drug toxicity in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6610750 TI - HLA-DR positive T lymphocytes in blood and synovial fluid in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - HLA-DR expression was found on 6.7 +/- 0.7% of blood T lymphocytes from 34 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 2.6 +/- 0.3% of T cells from normals. In synovial fluid (SF) of RA patients high percentages were found (56 +/- 3%, n = 18); the SF T lymphocytes showed an acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase pattern and cell morphology compatible with activated T lymphocytes. The helper function for pokeweed mitogen induced B cell differentiation was higher in blood T lymphocytes from RA patients than from normal controls; in SF T lymphocytes helper function could not be established. These differences between blood and SF T lymphocytes may represent differences in recirculating and homing properties of T cells in these compartments. PMID- 6610751 TI - Antibody to rheumatoid arthritis associated nuclear antigen (RANA) in familial rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A search was made for the presence of antibody to the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) associated nuclear antigen (RANA) in the sera of 57 affected and unaffected members of 10 families with multiple members affected with RA. While anti-RANA was frequently observed among the seropositive affected individuals with definite or classical RA (60%), it was less frequently observed among those family members who had incompletely expressed disease, and rarely among normal close family members including those sharing haplotypes with the affected index case. An HLA haplotype containing B8, DR3 was more frequently seen among anti-RANA positive (61%) than anti-RANA negative (44%) RA patients. These data do not support a primary early role for the Epstein-Barr virus related antigen RANA in the etiology of RA. They may indicate a possible influence of the complete haplotype HLA-B8, DR3 on the expression of anti-RANA in established RA. PMID- 6610752 TI - Auto-anti-anti-DNA antibodies from SLE patients and normals. AB - Cross reacting auto-anti-idiotypic antibodies against anti-ssDNA antibodies were investigated in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and normals. Sera or immunoglobulins from SLE and normals depleted of anti-ssDNA activity and DNA antigen inhibited the reaction between 125I-F(ab')2 anti-ssDNA and ssDNA. In addition, binding to F(ab')2 portions of chromatographically purified portions of anti-ssDNA coated on polystyrene wells could be measured both in depleted SLE and normal sera. Depleted sera from SLE had both greater inhibitory activity and more antibody binding capacity than depleted sera from normals. IgG from SLE sera bound to both F(ab')2 anti-ssDNA and SLE F(ab')2 non-anti-ssDNA. However, the binding of IgG to F(ab')2 anti-ssDNA was significantly inhibited by ssDNA. These results indicate that cross reacting auto-anti-anti-ssDNA as well as other antibodies to F(ab')2 portions of homologous IgG are found in higher concentration in SLE than in normals. PMID- 6610753 TI - Case control study of antibodies to ENA in progressive systemic sclerosis patients. AB - Sixteen antibody to extractable nuclear antigen (anti-ENA) (+) and 16 anti-ENA(-) progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma, PS) patients were matched for disease duration, age, and sex in a case control study of antibody to ENA (anti ENA) in scleroderma. Anti-ENA (+) PSS patients more frequently fulfill only minor criteria for PSS than anti-ENA (-) PSS controls (31% vs 0%). Anti-ENA(+) patients had less skin and muscle involvement (p less than 0.05) than their matched controls and tended to overlap more with other diseases (3 vs 0 patients). Besides antinuclear antibody and ENA, no significant serological differences were found between the 2 groups. PMID- 6610754 TI - Familial occurrence of progressive systemic sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Eight families containing one member with progressive systemic sclerosis and another with systemic lupus erythematosus have been encountered. Two individuals had clinical/serologic/postmortem findings of both diseases and familial pairs were generally concordant for serologic features. A general lack of household contact was encountered, and HLA haplotypes were shared in 5 of 6 pairs studied. PMID- 6610755 TI - HLA-B27 and allotypes of complement components in ankylosing spondylitis. AB - Thirteen families were studied for the frequency of HLA-B27 and allotypes of the components of complement, C2, C4 and Bf. The 13 probands all suffered from definite ankylosing spondylitis (AS) as defined by the New York criteria. The results showed that HLA-B27 positive haplotypes in AS patients possessed different complement allotypes. Thus, it is postulated that the gene conferring predisposition to the development of AS is either HLA-B27 itself or another gene in very close proximity to the HLA-B locus. PMID- 6610756 TI - The risk of sacroiliitis in B27 positive persons: a reappraisal. AB - The prevalence of sacroiliitis was assessed clinically and radiologically in 261/323 1st degree relatives of 47 B27 positive probands who had ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Of the 151 relatives who were B27 positive, 23 had bilateral sacroiliitis (asymptomatic in 4), 2 had had Reiter's syndrome (RS) and 3 acute anterior uveitis (AAU). Similar assessment of 148/182 relatives of 34 B27 positive patients without demonstrable sacroiliitis (including 15 who had had RS and 11 AAU) showed 84 to be B27 positive. Only 1 had sacroiliitis, 2 had RS, 2 AAU and 2 chronic polyarthritis. Features of this study important in determining prevalence are the relatively high completion rate and the concurrent blind reading of radiographs of both B27 positive and negative subjects. AS is found in some B27 positive families, but not in others. PMID- 6610757 TI - Recurrent episodes of arthritis in thalassemia minor. AB - Recurrent episodes of seronegative asymmetrical arthritis usually lasting less than a week have been observed in 4 patients with beta thalassemia minor. In one case, irreversible joint damage of a wrist joint occurred 14 years after the onset of the rheumatism. Studies of the synovial fluid and synovial membrane performed in 2 cases revealed signs of moderate inflammation. The main differential diagnosis was from microcrystalline synovitis and palindromic rheumatism which was ruled out by clinical and laboratory data. PMID- 6610758 TI - Gold induced thrombocytopenia: platelet associated IgG and HLA typing in three patients. AB - Three patients who developed thrombocytopenia while taking gold therapy are reviewed. Bone marrow examinations at the time of thrombocytopenia revealed adequate numbers of megakaryocytes. Elevated levels of platelet associated IgG (PAIgG) were demonstrated in relationship to the thrombocytopenia. A response to prednisone therapy was seen with a rise in platelet count and a fall in PAIgG. All 3 patients were found to have the following alloantigens of the major histocompatibility complex, HLA-B8, DR3. These findings suggest that gold induced thrombocytopenia is immunologically mediated and possibly related to the genes of the major histocompatibility complex. PMID- 6610759 TI - Circulating immune complexes in Yersinia infection. AB - The occurrence of circulating immune complexes (CIC) was studied in 9 patients with Yersinia arthritis and 7 with Yersinia enteritis (YE) without extraintestinal symptoms by the platelet-iodinated protein A (PIPA) technique and by a solid phase Clq-binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CIC were detected by both techniques in all the patients with Yersinia arthritis during the acute disease and in 3 of them after recovery. CIC were also found in 5 of the 7 patients with uncomplicated YE, suggesting that CIC were associated with YE irrespective of the development of arthritis. PMID- 6610760 TI - Influence of longterm administration of levamisole on total lymphocyte and T cell subsets in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6610761 TI - HLA haplotypes in familial Behcet's disease. PMID- 6610762 TI - Immunological tolerance in vitro: a review. PMID- 6610763 TI - Lazy leukocyte syndrome. PMID- 6610764 TI - Improved synthesis and antitumor activity of 2-bromo-2'-deoxyadenosine. AB - A more convenient synthetic route to 2-bromo-2'-deoxyadenosine (5) is reported, and results indicating significant antitumor activity of 5 against three murine tumors (L1210 leukemia, B16 melanoma, and M5076 ovarian carcinoma) are presented. The antitumor activity is very schedule dependent, being much greater when the drug is given q 3 h (X8) every 3rd or 4th day than when given by single daily administration. Toxicity of 5 for the tumor-bearing host is also very schedule dependent. Thus, on the q 3 h schedule of administration, a greater cumulative dose is tolerated by the host, and the therapeutic effectiveness of 5 is enhanced accordingly. PMID- 6610766 TI - Transient autoantibodies with elevated complement levels in common viral diseases. AB - Autoantibodies including rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-DNA antibody (ADA), and anti-nuclear factor (ANF) in addition to cold agglutinin and heterophil antibody titers were tested for in a total of 219 patients with common viral diseases. The diseases included varicella, influenza, measles, mumps, herpes zoster, hand-foot mouth syndrome, and exanthem subitum . A high incidence of RF (23%) was demonstrated in varicella patients, and ADA and ANF (16% and 12%, respectively) were most frequently detected in the influenza cases. Those autoantibodies were most frequently found in patients with influenza. Each serum complement component and total hemolytic complement (CH50) were also assayed. Elevated levels of the fourth (C4) and ninth (C9) components of complement, along with elevated CH50, were observed in most patients. Follow-up studies indicated that those autoantibodies as well as other antibodies disappeared 3 to 8 weeks after the onset of infection. The present study indicates that substantial but transient alterations in the immune system accompanied by autoimmune phenomena and elevated levels in the complement components can occur in viral infections. PMID- 6610765 TI - Interleukin-2 production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with gastrointestinal tumors. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with different tumors of the gastrointestinal tract (esophagus, stomach, colon, rectum), with Crohn's disease and healthy controls were analyzed for their capacity to produce mitogen induced interleukin-2 (I1-2). Tumor patients could be divided into two groups, one group exhibiting a nearly normal and a second group showing a significantly decreased production of I1-2. Most of the patients with a carcinoma of the colon were found in the low-producer group. Patients with Crohn's disease did not significantly differ from the relevant controls. Tumor patients with proven metastasis produced less I1-2 as compared to those with localized disease although the differences are not significant. When I1-2 containing supernatants of patients with tumors were additionally analyzed for the presence of prostaglandin E2, an inverse relationship could be demonstrated. Supernatants showing a suppressed activity of I1-2 exhibited increased amounts of PGE2, indicating a modulation of I1-2 production by prostaglandin E2. PMID- 6610768 TI - Discouraging marijuana use in young people. PMID- 6610767 TI - Evaluation of class II antigen positive T cells: a simple double staining method using monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6610769 TI - Complex of fd gene 5 protein and double-stranded RNA. AB - We report the formation of complexes of the single-stranded DNA binding protein encoded by gene 5 of fd virus, with natural double-stranded RNAs. In the first direct visualization of a complex of the fd gene 5 protein with a double-stranded nucleic acid, we show by electron microscopy that the double-stranded RNA complex has a structure which is distinct from that of complexes with single-stranded DNA and is consistent with uniform coating of the exterior of the double-stranded RNA helix by the protein. Circular dichroism spectral data demonstrate that the RNA double helix in the complex is undisrupted, and that perturbation of the 228-nm circular dichroism assigned to protein tyrosines can occur in the absence of intercalation of nucleotide bases with protein aromatic residues. Our findings emphasize the potential importance of interaction with the sugar-phosphate polynucleotide backbone in binding of the fd gene 5 protein to nucleic acids. PMID- 6610770 TI - Two potentially arrhythmogenic mechanisms of adrenaline action in cardiac muscle. AB - The effects of rate changes and 'premature' stimulation on the slow inward current of cardiac muscle were studied in the frog atrium. The effects of adrenaline under these conditions was investigated. It was found that adrenaline markedly accelerates the repriming kinetics of the slow inward channel. Adrenaline at low concentrations, sufficient to augment this current, also increases the effect of rate changes. Thus there is a larger second inward current 'staircase' in the presence of adrenaline. It is proposed that the combination of these effects is a possible mechanism by which adrenaline can induce cardiac disorders of rhythm. PMID- 6610771 TI - Evidence for an organized lattice in the intercellular space of vestibular sensory cat epithelia. AB - The intracellular space between sensory hair cells and nerve endings and between supporting cells of the vestibular epithelia in the cat contains a fine network of microstructures arranged obliquely between the cell membranes of adjacent cells. In situ immersion-perfusion fixation, electron microscopy complemented by lanthanum negative-contrast and freeze-fracture methods suggest that these intercellular structures are tubular with an external diameter between 3 and 6 nm and an internal diameter of 1.5 nm. They could serve as intercytoplasmic tunnels. We discuss the evidence concerning the analogy between the present microchannels and the passageways regularly arranged in the intercellular space of gap junctions which would permit the transport of low molecular weight substances from one cell to other. PMID- 6610772 TI - Leads from the MMWR. Street-drug contaminant causing parkinsonism. PMID- 6610773 TI - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole: another cause of recurrent meningitis. PMID- 6610774 TI - Unexplained immunodeficiency in children. A surveillance report. AB - From Oct 1, 1982, to Oct 1, 1983, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) received reports of 35 children whose illness met the CDC definition of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). All of the children had serious opportunistic infections without a known underlying illness to explain susceptibility to the infections. The 35 children were residents of ten different states; cases clustered in five major metropolitan areas. Three of the children had a parent with AIDS, and one child who had been previously reported had received a blood transfusion from a person in whom AIDS later developed. Most of the children had at least one parent in a population group in which adult AIDS cases have occurred. Many of the children had histories of prodromal symptoms, including pneumonitis, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, and oral thrush. The mean age at onset of illness was 5 months, and the mean age at diagnosis was 12 months. To determine whether opportunistic infection in children without underlying immunodeficiency was truly a new phenomenon, a review of requests to the CDC for the drug pentamidine isethionate was undertaken. This revealed an apparent increase from 1979 to 1983 in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children without known underlying immunodeficiency. PMID- 6610775 TI - [Anti-double stranded DNA detection by crithidia luciliae method]. PMID- 6610776 TI - [Monoclonal antibodies]. PMID- 6610777 TI - [Studies on lymphocyte subpopulation, T cell subsette and lymphocyte responses to lectin of patients with malignant tumors]. PMID- 6610778 TI - [Artifactual interaction of PMA (phorbol myristate acetate) in the determination of interleuken 2 (IL 2) activity]. PMID- 6610779 TI - [Transcatheter management of postoperative gastro-intestinal bleeding]. PMID- 6610780 TI - [Immunologic abnormalities in localized scleroderma]. PMID- 6610781 TI - [Immunological analysis of melanoma specific antigen. II. Inhibition of killer T cell activity by anti-melanoma antibody and anti-H-2b antibody]. PMID- 6610782 TI - [Anti-human IgG factors in the sera of chickens and other animals]. PMID- 6610783 TI - [Cold compress application to the lower abdomen and evaluation of hemorrhage at delivery]. PMID- 6610784 TI - [Measurement of organ volume by single photon emission computed tomography: a method of contour determination and its evaluation with phantom studies]. PMID- 6610785 TI - [Quantitative analysis of thallium myocardial emission CT (1). Normal thallium distribution]. PMID- 6610786 TI - [Nursing summary as a nursing record]. PMID- 6610787 TI - [Reevaluation of the nursing summary at patient discharge: an effort toward nursing improvement]. PMID- 6610788 TI - Continuous cell culture and characteristics of T-lymphoid tumor cells from calf forms of lymphosarcoma. PMID- 6610789 TI - Infections in compromised hosts: impairment of antibody for opsonization of Proteus morganii strain 1510 in tumor-bearing mice. PMID- 6610790 TI - Inhibition by retinoids of the growth of azaserine-induced foci in the rat pancreas. AB - The usefulness of a short-term azaserine [CAS: 115-02-6; diazoacetate serine (ester)]-rat model for the screening of retinoids (known chemopreventive agents) and the effect of two retinoids on the growth of azaserine-induced, presumptive preneoplastic foci of acinar cells were examined. At 14 days of age, male Lewis rats were each given injections of a single dose of 30 mg azaserine/kg body weight. These rats were weaned to test diets to which retinoids were added. At 4 months post initiation, pancreata were examined by quantitative stereologic methods to determine number and mean size of foci. Two phenotypically different populations of foci were observed and characterized as acidophilic or basophilic. Retinylidene dimedone and N-2-hydroxyethylretinamide decreased the number and size of the acidophilic foci but not the basophilic foci. The inhibition of growth of the acidophilic foci correlates well with the known effects of these retinoids in long-term carcinogenicity studies. PMID- 6610791 TI - Influence of mammary tumor progression on phenotype and function of spleen and in situ lymphocytes in mice. AB - Peripheral immunity to an immunogenic chemically induced mouse mammary adenocarcinoma has been demonstrated in the syngeneic host, i.e., BALB/c mice, by several in vivo and in vitro cell-mediated immune assays. Analysis of the responsiveness of the immune cells within the in situ population may prove to be more indicative of the actual interactions between host and tumors. A centrifugal elutriation procedure was used to isolate tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. A fluorescence-activated cell sorter revealed that most in situ cells were of the T cell lineage as determined by the absence of surface immunoglobulin (sIg) and the presence of the Thy 1.2 antigen on their surfaces, while in mice with large tumors there were 27.4% Thy 1.2+ and 47.9% sIg+ cells Further studies using fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal anti-Lyt 1 or anti-Lyt 2 antibodies revealed a decrease in the levels of Lyt 1+ cells and an increase in the percentage of Lyt 2+ lymphocytes in the spleens of mice bearing large tumors. Within the Thy 1.2+ population infiltrating mammary tumors, the proportion of lymphocytes presenting the Lyt 1 marker was decreased in comparison to that of spleens of normal mice (0.58 vs. 0.83). At the same time the relative proportions of Lyt 2+ cells within the Thy 1.2+ population was increased in the in situ population (0.50) compared to those of spleens of normal mice (0.28). Examination of the functional abilities of the in situ lymphocytes (ISL) revealed that ISL derived from small tumors responded to the T-cell mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A), although at lower levels than those of the splenocytes of the animals from which they were obtained. Responses to PHA were lost rapidly in ISL from large tumors, whereas Con A responses were more durable. In contrast to the spleen cells of tumor bearers, ISL failed to respond to tumor-associated antigens (TAA) at any stage of the disease. The changes in the subsets of T-cells in the spleens of tumor-bearing mice and in ISL may provide an explanation for the decreased activation of ISL by mitogens and for the lack of responsiveness to TAA observed in the splenocytes of mice with large tumors and in the ISL isolated from the mammary adenocarcinomas. PMID- 6610792 TI - Determination of cell surface membrane antigens common to both human neuroblastoma and leukemia-lymphoma cell lines by a panel of 38 monoclonal antibodies. AB - The surface membrane antigens of 7 neuroblastoma and 91 leukemia-lymphoma cell lines were studied with the use of a total of 36 murine monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) primarily developed against hematopoietic cells and 2 MoAb developed against human fetal brain. Five of the MoAb against hematopoietic cells (BA-1, BA 2, DU-ALL-1, J-5, and BA-3) consistently bound to common acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines, and 2 others (MCS-2 and OKM-1) reacted uniformly with acute myeloblastic-acute monoblastic leukemia cell lines. However, these 7 MoAb also reacted with 1-7 neuroblastoma cell lines. All the human neuroblastoma cell lines bound MoAb BA-2 and DU-ALL-1. Six of the 7 lines reacted with BA-1. Only 1 neuroblastoma cell line (SJ-N-CG) gave positive staining with J-5 and BA-3, and another line (SK-N-AS) bound MoAb MCS-2 and OKM-1. Anti-fetal brain MoAb (UJ-13A and UJ-127-11) were highly positive for all the neuroblastoma cell lines. By contrast, 4 of 43 leukemia-lymphoma cell lines tested bound these anti-fetal brain antibodies. Both B3/25 and OKT-9, anti-transferrin receptor antibodies, reacted with all of the hematopoietic and neuroblastoma cell lines. These results demonstrate that neuroblastoma and hematopoietic cell lines possess common antigenic determinants despite their different embryologic origins. The neuroblastoma cell lines may be classified into subgroups on the basis of phenotype profiles determined by the MoAb. MoAb may be useful in characterization and classification of neuroblastoma cells, as has already proved to be the case for cells of the hematopoietic lineages. PMID- 6610793 TI - Phosphate deprivation increases serum 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D concentrations in healthy men. AB - To re-evaluate whether phosphate-deprivation alters serum 1,25-(OH)2-D concentrations in men, we measured serum 1,25-(OH)2-D levels in seven healthy men while they ate constant diets providing 52.2 +/- 4.3 sd mmoles PO4/day for 12 days and then while they ate a diet providing 29.4 +/- 6.0 mmoles PO4/day and also were given Al(OH)3 for 18 days. Serum PO4 levels fell only transiently. Net intestinal PO4 absorption became indistinguishable from zero but, because of renal PO4 conservation, PO4 balances did not change. Nevertheless, serum 1,25 (OH)2-D concentrations increased from 80 +/- 21 pM during control to 104 +/- 26 pM; during PO4 deprivation; P less than 0.01. Net intestinal calcium (Ca) absorption tended to rise during PO4 deprivation, the individual increments being correlated to the increments in serum 1,25-(OH)2-D concentrations (r = 0.78; P less than 0.05). Urinary Ca excretion rose; P less than 0.001, the increments exceeding the increments in net intestinal Ca absorption so that Ca balances became more negative; P less than 0.001. Urinary hydroxyproline excretion did not change. Thus, as in women and animals, PO4 deprivation appears to cause enhanced net bone resorption apparently by reducing bone formation. PMID- 6610794 TI - [Staged programs for increasing the incidence of full breast feeding]. PMID- 6610795 TI - [State of the system of proteolytic enzyme inhibitors in inflammatory destructive processes in the abdominal cavity]. PMID- 6610796 TI - [Gastrointestinal hemorrhage in burns]. PMID- 6610797 TI - [Cerebral hemorrhage in a 4-week-old infant with homozygous alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency]. AB - Heavy intracranial hemorrhage was found in a 4-week-old fully breast-fed infant. This was caused by severe hypoprothrombinemia following cholestatic hepatopathy with inborn alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency of the ZZ type. When Pi type analysing the rest of the family another ZZ type was found among the 3 children of the clinically healthy parents. PMID- 6610798 TI - [Acute-phase reaction in children with leukemia at the time of diagnosis]. AB - Using clinical criteria 29 children with acute leukemia were divided into two groups, one with and the other without evidence of infections. As part of the initial laboratory work up acute-phase reactants alpha 1-glycoprotein (alpha 1GP ), ceruloplasmin (CP), C-reactive protein (CRP) and haptoglobin (HP) were determined by single radial immunodiffusion. In children without infections moderately elevated levels of alpha 1 GP and CP were observed while CRP and HP were almost normal. The levels in children with infections, however, for CRP and HP were markedly elevated. We conclude that determinations of acute phase reactants are of considerable importance for evaluation of infections in leukemic children. Clinical signs of infections associated with markedly elevated CRP and HP-levels require - in analogy to the infected newborn - immediate proper antibiotic treatment. PMID- 6610799 TI - [Advances and prospects for therapeutic endoscopy of the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 6610801 TI - Coronary artery bypass graft surgery: relative efficacy of secondary cardioplegia. PMID- 6610800 TI - Morphologic changes in lymph nodes of macaques with an immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - Lymph nodes from macaque monkeys with an immunodeficiency syndrome were examined by electron microscopy and both routine histologic and immunoperoxidase staining techniques, using monoclonal antibodies that recognize specific primate lymphocyte subsets. In the early stages of disease, marked follicular hyperplasia and a reduced paracortex comprised predominantly of T8-positive (suppressor/cytotoxic) cells were observed. In monkeys with more advanced disease, lymph nodes showed follicular involution and loss of B cells. Vasculature was seen prominently in the paracortex of these nodes; cellular elements included a mixture of small lymphocytes and larger cells, which by ultrastructural criteria appeared to be lymphoblasts. Lymph nodes in terminal stages of this disease showed a total effacement of architecture with a marked depletion of lymphocytes. These findings are remarkably similar to the lymph node changes seen in humans with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and underline the importance of this disease in macaques as a model for studying acquired immunodeficiency states. PMID- 6610802 TI - Combination chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer with fluorouracil, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, and methotrexate. AB - Twenty-nine patients with metastatic breast cancer were treated with fluorouracil, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide (FAC), and methotrexate (MTX), with or without leukovorin rescue. Of 24 evaluable patients, one achieved a complete remission and 17 had partial responses. The overall objective response rate was 75%. The median survival from initiation of chemotherapy for the responding patients was 18 months. Four patients (17%) with stable disease had a median survival of 25 months. The addition of MTX to FAC chemotherapy did not improve the therapeutic efficacy of this combination; it did, however, increase the overall toxicity, especially the infectious complications when compared to FAC alone. PMID- 6610803 TI - Intraventricular air during coronary operation. PMID- 6610804 TI - [Alpha 1-antitrypsin and neoplasms]. PMID- 6610805 TI - [Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. PMID- 6610806 TI - [Polyarthritis and exanthema in Gardnerella vaginalis vulvovaginitis]. PMID- 6610807 TI - [Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a previously healthy patient]. PMID- 6610808 TI - Hearing preservation in vestibular neurectomy. AB - The goal of vestibular neurectomy is to control disabling vertigo while preserving hearing in patients with nonhydropic intractable peripheral vertigo or in patients with Meniere's disease in which an endolymphatic sac procedure has failed. Labyrinthectomy continues to be used to treat patients with intractable vertigo and serviceable hearing. We feel that a labyrinthectomy is contraindicated when any useful hearing remains. Vestibular neurectomy affords the surgeon a means to eliminate the abnormal vestibular input without sacrificing hearing. Two approaches have been used to section the vestibular nerves: the middle fossa approach since 1961 and the retrolabyrinthine approach more recently. Both approaches are effective in relieving vertigo while preserving hearing. This paper presents a statistical analysis of these two approaches. Although differences did exist, both were found to be highly successful in alleviating incapacitating vertigo and preserving hearing in a large percentage of patients. PMID- 6610809 TI - Diagnostic accuracy of rotation testing vs. standard vestibular test battery--a long-term study. AB - Interpretation of vestibular test results derived from rotational and other electronystagmography studies often give confusing diagnostic and prognostic information. We have reviewed 90 consecutive patients seen in the Vestibular Clinic at the University of Texas Medical Branch comparing the accuracy of the damped torsion swing test (DTS) with a conventional vestibular test battery (VTB) to predict vestibular function abnormality (peripheral or central). These predictions were compared with vestibular diagnoses obtained by long-term follow up (24-36 months). VTB and DTS results were evaluated in a double-blind study by two of the authors (W.C.L. and M.J.C.). Agreement of both VTB and DTS interpretation was uncommon (23/77) (30%); however, when present, it resulted in a 91% accuracy in predicting correct final diagnosis. Where VTB and DTS diagnoses differed, the DTS was more accurate in determining final vestibular system abnormality. In fact, while DTS testing correctly detected abnormality in 17 patients, the VTB was normal in 11. Rotation testing alone may provide a useful and accurate screening test prior to initiating further vestibular testing, particularly when central pathology is suspected. PMID- 6610810 TI - Non-auditory presentations of cerebellopontine angle lesions. AB - Most patients with cerebellopontine angle (CPA) neoplasms present with asymmetric hearing loss and/or tinnitus. For this reason it is well accepted that patients with these symptoms deserve a detailed neurotologic evaluation. Non-auditory presentations of CPA neoplasms, on the other hand, are frequently handled in a more complacent manner which may delay diagnosis and, therefore, result in increased morbidity. Six patients seen in the last 18 months serve to exemplify this point, as all 6 presented with non-auditory symptoms of CPA lesions and, in all cases, the diagnosis was delayed for at least 6 months. Any cranial neuropathy, unless otherwise explained, should suggest the presence of an intracranial or skull base lesion. The practicing physician must learn to give these non-auditory symptoms respect equal to that of asymmetric hearing loss and tinnitus and, therefore, equal evaluation. PMID- 6610811 TI - Plasma cortisol and catecholamine responses to intracerebroventricular administration of CRF to rhesus monkeys. AB - Synthetic ovine corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) was administered directly into the 4th ventricle of rhesus monkeys. A dose dependent increase in plasma cortisol was observed following 10 micrograms/kg, 20 micrograms/kg, and 60 micrograms/kg of CRF. Increases in plasma epinephrine were also evident following the highest dose of CRF. Plasma norepinephrine, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate did not increase significantly following CRF administration. These data suggest that in the rhesus monkey, central administration of ovine CRF leads to activation of the pituitary-adrenocortical axis at doses that do not raise plasma catecholamines. PMID- 6610813 TI - Quantitative determination of 5-hydroxytryptophan in dissected brain regions by on-line trace enrichment HPLC with electrochemical detection. AB - A sensitive, specific and rapid quantitative HPLC assay for 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in samples of brain regions of widely differing size is described. The method utilizes off-line prepurification of tissue supernatants on gravity-fed strong cation exchange columns, on-line enrichment of the entire cation exchange column eluate on short reverse phase enrichment precolumns, further separation by reverse phase chromatography on an analytical column and electrochemical detection. On-line trace enrichment permits the efficient incorporation of off line column chromatography to maximize assay specificity without compromising assay sensitivity. A reliable, working limit of detection of 200 pg 5-HTP/sample permits the estimation of in vivo tryptophan hydroxylase activity by determining the rate of 5-HTP accumulation following L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibition in small discrete brain regions or larger tissue samples only poorly innervated by 5-HT terminals. PMID- 6610812 TI - Effects of N-substituted phenyltetrahydropyridines on cerebral high-affinity synaptosomal uptake of dopamine and other monoamines in several mammalian species. AB - Effects of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (N-methyl-PTP) and its N propyl congener (N-propyl-PTP) on the high-affinity uptake of tritiated dopamine (DA), norepinephrine, and serotonin by striatal or cerebral cortical synaptosomes were evaluated in several species (rat, guinea pig, rabbit, calf, and man). Both compounds inhibited uptake of 0.1 microM labeled amines at IC50s of 5-10 microM. Effects of N-methyl-PTP were competitive, reversible, somewhat more potent, and more selective for serotonin than were actions of N-propyl-PTP. Similar effects were found in all species. Neither agent inhibited binding of 3H-labeled spiperone or ADTN to DA receptor sites. 3H-N-methyl-PTP did not appear to be taken up selectively into DA neurons. N-methyl-PTP was highly toxic to the rat in doses that did not alter the metabolism of DA or serotonin in brain. These results, overall, do not provide strong support for the hypothesis that reported neurotoxic actions of N-methyl-PTP are mediated by neuron-specific local transport and intracellular accumulation, or account for species differences in the actions of this toxin, but do suggest interactions with brain monoamine neurons. The actions of the neurotoxic effects of N-methyl-PTP remain unclear. PMID- 6610814 TI - Effects of hypophysectomy and immobilization stress on S-adenosylmethionine levels in rat adrenal glands. AB - Rat adrenal S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) levels and phenylethanolamine-N methyltransferase (PNMT) activity were measured under conditions of hypophysectomy and stress. A new dual-label radioenzymatic assay for SAM is presented which eliminates problems found to exist with previous methods. Strain specific differences in both PNMT and SAM were found, as well as sex differences in SAM levels. Immobilization stress resulted in an increase in adrenal SAM and PNMT activity, while hypophysectomy decreased both. The distribution of SAM between cortex and medulla did not change with either hypophysectomy or stress. Hypophysectomized Fisher rats were found to be capable of increasing PNMT activity in the absence of increased SAM levels. PMID- 6610815 TI - [Effect of padan on active sodium transport in the epithelium of isolated frog skin]. AB - The effects of " Padan " (hydrochloride of 1.3-di/ carbomylothio /-2-N dimethylamino/propane/ upon transport capabilities of plasmatic membrane have been checked. The experiment was performed on isolated skin of Rana temporaria frogs. Assessment of transporting activity of membrane in relation to sodium ion involved a method developed by Ussing with so called "short-circuit" technique. The effects of the pesticide on the external and internal surface of the frog's skin have been examined, final concentrations of the compound being 3.4 X 10(-6) M to 3.4 X 10(-3) M. The results indicate that " Padan ", whether administered to the external or internal surface of the membrane, decreases the value of membrane potential and short-circuit current, which is indicative of membrane transport inhibition. The effect varies with pesticide concentration in the medium, though it is statistically significant only in concentration 3.4 X 10(-3) M. On the other hand, membrane resistance usually gets increased as the compound concentration in the medium increases. The results indicate that cellular membrane should be considered while explaining the mechanism of toxic effects of " Padan " upon organism. PMID- 6610816 TI - [Generic interrelations of purple bacteria in the genus Rhodopseudomonas]. AB - The technique of DNA--DNA hybridization was used to study relations offween purple nonsulfur bacteria (the family Rhodospirillaceae). The level of homologies with Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides 8259 was nearly the same for different species (8-17%) in the genus Rhodopseudomonas under the conditions optimal for hybridization. The same level of homologies was found for the DNA of Rhodospirillum rubrum, a species belonging to another genus of purple nonsulfur bacteria (13%). Rhodomicrobium vannielli was most remote from R. sphaeroides 8259 (3%). Similar results were obtained under other conditions of hybridization. The intraspecial heterogeneity of R. sphaeroides was studied in this work. The thermal stability of hybrid duplexes was analysed. The results are indicative of a considerable divergence of different R. sphaeroides strains (delta T50 = 2.1 11.6). PMID- 6610817 TI - Mycotic aneurysm of the small bowel presenting as gastrointestinal haemorrhage. AB - Since the advent of modern antibiotic therapy and active surgical treatment of bacterial endocarditis, septic embolization of the systemic circulation is rarely seen. An unusual presentation of a mycotic aneurysm with gastrointestinal haemorrhage in a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and aortic valvular endocarditis which had been managed by aortic valve replacement six weeks before the haemorrhage occurred is reported. PMID- 6610818 TI - [The urologist confronted by the myelodysplasic patient]. PMID- 6610820 TI - [Kartagener syndrome with neonatal manifestation]. PMID- 6610819 TI - [Alpha 1-antitrypsin and bronchiolitis]. PMID- 6610821 TI - Radionuclide evaluation of acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Case reports. PMID- 6610823 TI - Effects of normal aging on regional CBF and CMRO2 in humans. PMID- 6610822 TI - Alterations of transcription and translation in HeLa cells exposed to amino acid analogs. AB - Amino acid analogs, like other effectors of the stress response, induce in mammalian cells the same gene products that are induced upon heat shock; incorporation of the analog into protein is required for induction. We show here that induction by analogs involves controls operating at the levels of both transcription and translation. The electrophoretic patterns of newly made mRNAs simplify with time such that the putative stress protein mRNAs are the only species transported from the nucleus. Concomitantly, the patterns of protein synthesis simplify such that the stress proteins become nearly exclusive polypeptide products. Although the normal mRNAs are either not used or used with greatly reduced efficiency, they are not degraded and retain translatability when transferred to cell-free systems. Soon after the stress response has been induced, there follows a defect in the initiation of polypeptide chains, as evidenced by examination of polysome profiles. Upon prolonged exposure, polysomes are recovered, and although they give rise to stress proteins almost exclusively, the normal mRNAs are still present in these structures. Thus, in addition to the initiation defect, a lesion in elongation may also be involved. The extreme sensitivity of protein synthesis to the inhibition of RNA synthesis, together with the parallel simplifications in the patterns of newly made mRNAs and polypeptides, may imply that only newly made mRNAs are efficiently translated in analog-treated cells. PMID- 6610824 TI - Cognitive and cerebral metabolic function in early and advanced Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 6610825 TI - Cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism measurement with positron emission tomography in Parkinson's disease. PMID- 6610826 TI - The necessity for correcting for cerebral atrophy in global positron emission tomography measurements. PMID- 6610827 TI - Assessment of regional cerebral reperfusion with SPECT and 123I-HIPDM in patients with EC-IC bypass. PMID- 6610828 TI - Chromosomal translocations and timing of malignant transformation in Burkitt's lymphoma. PMID- 6610829 TI - Treatment of massive intrathecal methotrexate overdose by ventriculolumbar perfusion. PMID- 6610830 TI - Immunology. The T-cell receptor completed. PMID- 6610832 TI - Staining of living presynaptic nerve terminals with selective fluorescent dyes. AB - Johnson et al. have recently shown that several positively charged, membrane permeant fluorescent dyes can serve as vital stains for mitochondria in cultured cells. We report here that presynaptic nerve terminals, which are characteristically rich in mitochondria, can also be vitally stained with such dyes, and that this staining offers a resolution of structural detail not available with previous methods for visualizing terminals in living tissues. The dyes have provided excellent, highly detailed fluorescence images of presynaptic motor nerve terminals at neuromuscular junctions in conventional live tissue preparations from mouse, frog and Drosophila. In addition, when tested at the frog neuromuscular junction, at least one of the dyes permitted visualization of terminals with little, if any, effect on synaptic transmission. Moreover, we have found that by using the dyes it is now also possible to see motor nerve terminals in situ in live animals. PMID- 6610831 TI - Molecular cloning of cDNA encoding a murine haematopoietic growth regulator, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor. AB - DNA clones specifying the murine granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor have been isolated. This haematopoietic growth factor is encoded by a unique gene specifying a messenger RNA of 1,200 nucleotides and a polypeptide of 118 amino acids. It bears no structural similarity to the functionally related factor, interleukin-3, described recently. PMID- 6610833 TI - Immortalized B lymphocytes produce B-cell growth factor. AB - The activation, clonal expansion and terminal differentiation of small resting B lymphocytes primed by an antigen (or antibodies to its receptors) appear to follow an orderly developmental sequence triggered at each stage by distinct soluble cytokines, primarily produced by T lymphocytes. For man, the only known B cell mitogen independent of accessory cells for its action is the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Lymphocytes transformed by EBV are released from the usual constraints on B-cell growth, proliferating continuously in the absence of any exogenous cytokine. The resultant cell lines are of special interest as they possess certain features compatible with a preneoplastic state of Burkitt's lymphoma, one of two human cancers with which the virus is intimately associated. We report here that following EBV-transformation, B lymphoblasts release a soluble factor which mimics the B-cell stimulatory product(s) of mitogen conditioned T lymphocytes. Furthermore, the virally-transformed cells utilize this activity to sustain their own growth. The ectopic production of an otherwise normal growth factor may represent a critical event in the malignant evolution of human lymphomas harbouring the EBV genome. PMID- 6610834 TI - Epidermal growth factor stimulates guanine nucleotide binding activity and phosphorylation of ras oncogene proteins. AB - Several human tumour cell lines contain genes that can transform NIH 3T3 cells into malignant cells. Certain genes have been classified as members of the ras oncogene family, namely, Ha-ras, Ki-ras or N-ras. The proteins encoded by the ras family are generally small (Ha-ras, for example, encodes a protein of molecular weight 21,000 named p21), and are associated with the inner surface of the plasma membrane. The only known biochemical property common to all forms of the ras proteins is the ability to bind guanine nucleotides, a property which may be closely related to the transforming ability of ras proteins. A GTP-dependent, apparent autophosphorylation (on threonine 59) activity has been identified only in the case of the v-Ha-ras protein. Although the role of these biochemical activities in the transformation process remains unclear, we have initiated studies to determine the possible biochemical interactions of ras proteins with other membrane components. We report here the evidence that epidermal growth factor enhances the guanine nucleotide binding activity of activated c-Ha-ras or v-Ha-ras p21, and phosphorylation of v-Ha-ras p21, suggesting that some mitogenic growth factors may regulate those activities. PMID- 6610835 TI - Study of B and T lymphocyte surface markers in breast cancer patients using anti B and anti-T cell monoclonal antibodies. AB - The immune status of 34 breast cancer patients was investigated by measuring several parameters of peripheral blood lymphocytes--monoclonal antibodies against T cell (Leu-1) and B cell (HLA-DR) antigens, and against cytotoxic/suppressor (Leu-2a) and helper/inducer T cells (Leu-3a); E rosette formation as a T cell marker and surface Ig as a B cell marker; FcIgG receptor expression; and mitogen responsiveness of the peripheral blood lymphocytes to PHA, Con A, and PWM. Most of the patients had normal percentages of B and T cells and T cell subsets but there was a trend to lower percentages of T cells and their subsets in stage IV patients. Due to lymphopenia in stages I and IV and in patients which had received radio- or chemotherapy, the total number of B and T cells and T cell subsets was less in these groups than in the controls. The percentage of FcIgG positive cells was higher in these groups than in controls and therefore the absolute number remained unchanged. In general, a decrease in T cells seems to be indicative of a poor prognosis. Mitogen responsiveness does not have prognostic significance since a patient in stage III, in good general health, had a low mitogenic response and a terminal stage IV patient had a normal mitogenic response. PMID- 6610836 TI - [Spinal cord stimulation for post-apoplectic spastic hemiplegia]. AB - Although the therapeutic effect of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for spastic movement disorders is still controversial, its effect for multiple sclerosis has been supported by several authors. Among various clinical beneficial effects, reduction of the spasticity may be attractive for physical therapy of post apoplectic patients. Two patients suffered from post-apoplectic spastic hemiplegia were selected for SCS. Electrodes of Medtronic's SCS system were placed at lower cervical or upper thoracic spinal cord extradura. Stimulation of 30-75 Hz in frequency and 0.3-0.5 in voltage continued for 12-14 hours during daytime every days. U.S., a 74-year-old man, suffered from cerebral infarction in the right internal capsule was treated by SCS at one year after the stroke . At the fourth day after SCS spasticity of the lower extremity reduced and his gait improved remarkably. Upper extremity also showed reduction of spasticity at the seventh day after SCS. H/M ratio before SCS was 0.85 and reduced to 0.77 at 68 th day after SCS. Recovery curve of H-wave also improved after SCS. Y.K., a 47-year old man, suffered from pontine hemorrhage showed right spastic hemiplegia. He was treated by SCS at 13th month after the hemorrhage. Spasticity of the upper extremity reduced slightly and his gait improved obviously. H/M ratio which was 1.05 before SCS, reduced to 0.75 at 122 nd day after SCS. Recovery curve of H wave improved remarkably after the treatment. It was obvious that the spasticity reduced after SCS and function of the extremities recovered to some extent in above patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6610837 TI - A comparative anatomical CT study of the vascular and nervous structures of the cerebello-pontine angle. AB - The arteries and veins of the cerebellopontine angle have been injected with a contrast medium permitting a precise anatomical reconnaissance of their topography and relations. These specimens have been explored by CT in order to define the opacified vessels and to differentiate them from the adjacent nervous tissue. Thus in CT it is possible to locate the cerebellar arteries, the petrous and medullo-pontine veins and the nerves of the cerebello-pontine angle. This study describes the normal appearance of the flocculus from the arteries and veins. Moreover it should contribute to the definition of the criteria of reliability of a CT diagnosis and its limits in the cerebello-pontine angle. PMID- 6610838 TI - Visual (optokinetic), somesthetic and vestibular inputs to the frog cerebellum. AB - Unitary response to visual (optokinetic), somesthetic (neck and limb) and vestibular stimulation were recorded from the Purkinje cell layer throughout most of the dorsal surface of the frog cerebellum. Simple spike activity in Purkinje cells and activity from cells without complex spikes were considered. Optokinetic responses (types I-III) were restricted to the dorsal rim and auricular lobes. Units were sensitive to very small velocity of optokinetic cylinder rotation (0.02-0.03 degrees/s) with peak sensitivity at about 1 degree/s. On the average an approximately linear relation of response amplitude to stimulus velocity was observed from 0.02 to 1 degree/s. The response progressively diminished above 1 degree/s to become very small at 30 degrees/s. Asymmetric response and silencing of firing during part of the cycle were nonlinearities observed with sinusoidal optokinetic stimulation in the range of 0.02-1 Hz, +/- 5-10 degrees (peak velocities 0.8-30 degrees/s). Somesthetic responses were recorded throughout most of the corpus cerebelli proper but the strongest input was to rostral regions. No somatotopic arrangement was found. Rather, convergence from more than one limb and neck was relatively common. Adaptation to successive cycles of stimulation was characteristic of somesthetic responses. Vestibular responses (type I-IV) were recorded throughout most of the explored area but the strongest input was to the dorsal rim and auricular lobes. From the analysis of unitary activity, the dorsal rim and auricular lobes are shown to be functionally linked to the vestibular and optokinetic systems whereas the explored part of the corpus is linked to the somesthetic and vestibular systems. PMID- 6610839 TI - Visual (optokinetic) and somesthetic inputs to the cerebellum of bilaterally labyrinthectomized frogs. AB - Unitary responses to visual (optokinetic) and somesthetic (cutaneous and propioceptive ) stimulation were recorded from the Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum of acute (up to 30 h) and chronic (30-90 days) bilaterially labyrinthectomized frogs. Simple spikes from Purkinje cells as well as activity from cells without complex spikes were considered in this paper. The properties of the response and the distribution (restricted to the dorsal rim and auricular lobes) of the units sensitive to optokinetic stimulation of labyrinthectomized frogs, both acute and chronic, were similar to those previously reported for normal animals. The properties of the responses to somesthetic neck and limb stimulation remained similar to those of normal animals. However, there was an increase in the number of units responsive to somesthetic stimulation within the dorsal half of the corpus cerebelli (including the dorsal rim), a region experimentally deprived of vestibular afferents, neck responsive units were 33% of the total in acutely and 61% in chronically labyrinthectomized animals (compared to 5% in normal). Limb responsive units were 49% in acute and 65% in chronic animals (compared to 12% in normal). A consequence of the increase in somesthetic input was convergence of optokinetic and somesthetic inputs at the level of single units within the dorsal rim, totally absent before the lesion. The results suggest that the somesthetic spinal input might substitute for at least some features of the vestibular input to the cerebellum in bilaterally labyrinthectomized frogs. PMID- 6610840 TI - The relationship of dorsal root afferents to motoneuron somata and dendrites in the adult bullfrog: a light and electron microscopic study using horseradish peroxidase. AB - The relationship of lumbar dorsal root afferents to lateral motor column motoneurons was studied using anterograde injury filling of dorsal roots and retrograde injury filling of ventral roots with horseradish peroxidase. At the light microscopic level, horseradish peroxidase labelled dorsal root axons were observed to separate into a medial division of large diameter axons which enter the dorsal funiculus and a lateral division of small diameter axons which form a compact bundle in the dorsolateral funiculus which may be homologous to the mammalian tract of Lissauer. Within the spinal gray, primary afferents terminate in two distinct regions. The more ventral of these terminal fields, which receives collaterals of primary afferent axons in the dorsal funiculus, overlaps the dendritic arborizations of the lateral motor column motoneurons. Some axons leave the ventral terminal field to enter the dorsal lateral motor column. Here they terminate on the primary dendrites and somata of lateral motor column motoneurons. At the electron microscopic level, labelled primary afferent terminals were seen to synapse upon lateral motor column motoneuron dendrites as well as upon the somata of dorsally positioned lateral motor column motoneurons. These terminals contain small spherical vesicles and occasional dense-cored vesicles. The synaptic specializations are characterized by a small amount of postsynaptic material. The lateral motor column may be divided into dorsal and ventral portions on the basis of the primary afferent distribution and this is in accord with functional, physiological and developmental data. PMID- 6610841 TI - Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease. AB - Clinical criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease include insidious onset and progressive impairment of memory and other cognitive functions. There are no motor, sensory, or coordination deficits early in the disease. The diagnosis cannot be determined by laboratory tests. These tests are important primarily in identifying other possible causes of dementia that must be excluded before the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease may be made with confidence. Neuropsychological tests provide confirmatory evidence of the diagnosis of dementia and help to assess the course and response to therapy. The criteria proposed are intended to serve as a guide for the diagnosis of probable, possible, and definite Alzheimer's disease; these criteria will be revised as more definitive information become available. PMID- 6610844 TI - Managing GI bleeding: it takes a two-tract mind. PMID- 6610843 TI - [Brain tumors in children. Neuroradiologic studies]. AB - 194 patients bearing intracranial tumors were reported. Incidence in relation to the age and diagnostic techniques was evaluated and criticized. A serie of a picture concerning CT, Angiography, Pneumoencephalography and Ventriculography with contrast medium are presented. PMID- 6610842 TI - [Electro-stimulation-analgesia in 156 surgical operations]. PMID- 6610846 TI - [Our experience with electrotherapy of spasm of accomodation in progressive myopia]. PMID- 6610845 TI - Gardnerella vaginalis bacteremia: a review of thirty cases. AB - The authors documented thirty cases of bacteremia, all in gynecologic and obstetric patients, over a four-year period at a university hospital. Sixteen of the patients had polymicrobial infections. Most of the patients recovered completely whether or not antimicrobial therapy directed against Gardnerella vaginalis was given. G vaginalis bacteremia may occur more often than has been reported. PMID- 6610847 TI - [Electrostimulation of the ciliary muscle in the treatment of spasm of accommodation]. PMID- 6610848 TI - Unusual superficial confluent form of granular corneal dystrophy. AB - A 53-year-old Japanese woman had corneal opacification due to granular dystrophy (GCD) since childhood. Clinically, unusual bilateral confluent dense granular opacities with a peripheral rim of clear cornea were observed. Her mother and daughter have a milder form of GCD, with circumscribed opacities separated by clear stroma. Light and electron microscopy of the patient's corneal button showed that the opacities involved the corneal epithelium as well as the stroma. PMID- 6610849 TI - Lattice corneal dystrophy associated with familial systemic amyloidosis (Meretoja's syndrome). AB - A 79-year-old white man of Irish descent presented with lattice corneal dystrophy, blepharochalasis, and peripheral seventh cranial nerve palsies. Family studies revealed that his 23-year-old daughter had early lattice cornea dystrophy. The corneal button removed by penetrating keratoplasty exhibited characteristic amyloid accumulation by light and electron microscopy. Biopsy of the patient's normal appearing conjunctiva and skin of the lower lid revealed amyloid. Biopsy of the daughter's conjunctiva was negative for amyloid, but her lid skin had characteristic amyloid deposits by light and electron microscopy. Immunoperoxidase strains were negative for AA and AP and serum prealbumin and SAA proteins were normal. Meretoja's syndrome has rarely been described outside a small geographic region in Finland. The clinical and histopathologic findings of this entity are discussed and contrasted to isolated "lattice corneal dystrophy." PMID- 6610850 TI - [Electroacupuncture and laseropuncture analgesia in painful contractures of the joints in children]. PMID- 6610851 TI - Essential laboratory determinations for monitoring high-dose methotrexate treatment with citrovorum factor rescue. AB - The use of high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) with citrovorum factor rescue (CFR) has considerably improved the prognosis of some pediatric malignancies. Massive doses of methotrexate (mtx) may lead to severe or even lethal toxicity. Safe administration of this regimen requires a wide pattern of laboratory tests as well as clinical supervision. One hundred and eighteen courses of HDMTX (12 gm/m2 over 6 hours iv) with CFR administered to 12 patients were analysed for changes of routine laboratory tests 0, 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours following infusion. Hgb, WBC, and platelets on average showed no change during the 72 hours follow-up period. Serum SGOT and SGPT were elevated with a maximum 24 hours following infusion and slowly returned to normal. The increase of serum LDH values were less marked and reached a maximum at 48 hours; changes of serum y-GT values were not significant. Evaluation of the elimination of mtx from serum in each individual patient throughout 14 sequential mtx courses gave no evidence of a prolonged serum half life due to impaired renal mtx clearance. There was also no evidence of enzyme induction in the liver resulting in a shortened serum half life. Changes of serum enzymes also were not increasing throughout treatment. Careful monitoring of serum mtx levels is mandatory when HDMTX with CFR treatment is administered. Elevation of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels within 24 hours following mtx treatment identify the patient at risk for slow mtx elimination and severe toxicity requiring salvage by adequate doses of citrovorum factor. PMID- 6610852 TI - Hypoxanthine and oxygen induced lung injury: a possible basic mechanism of tissue damage? AB - Lung injury was induced in young rats by a continuous infusion of hypoxanthine intravenously and breathing 100% oxygen for 48 h (group 1). Control animals were rats infused glucose and breathing 100% oxygen (group 2), rats infused hypoxanthine in room air (group 3), and untreated rats (group 4). In group 1 rats interstitial and alveolar edema was found with a tendency toward marked margination of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in small vessels (P less than 0.025 compared with group 2). The main elastase inhibitor alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha-1 PI) was significantly elevated in group 1; 2-, 3- and 5-fold, respectively, when compared with groups 2, 3, and 4. The surfactant phospholipids from alveolar lavage were normal in all groups. The protein-rich fraction of the lavage fluid from group 1 rats inactivated, however, the surface properties of lung surfactant. Minimum surface tension in group 1 rats was 14.5 dyn/cm compared with 7.0 dyn/cm in group 2, 2.9 dyn/cm in group 3 and 3.5 dyn/cm in group 4 (P less than 0.05, group 1 and 2 versus 4). We conclude that the combination of hypoxanthine and high levels of oxygen causes lung injury, possibly via free oxygen radicals. We discuss the possibility that these findings demonstrate a basic pathogenetic mechanism for the hypoxic-hyperoxic insult and can contribute to the understanding of pathogenesis of a variety of diseases both in pediatrics and adult medicine. PMID- 6610853 TI - [Changes in trimethoprim levels and its pharmacokinetic parameters in children with chronic renal failure treated with biseptol. I]. PMID- 6610854 TI - [Biseptol dosage in children in relation to the degree of renal failure and body weight. II]. PMID- 6610855 TI - Nonsexual transmission of sexually transmitted diseases: an infrequent occurrence. AB - Sexually transmitted diseases occur in epidemic numbers in the United States today. Nonsexual transmission of these diseases is rarely an issue in adults. However, when the same diseases are found in children, the tendency of pediatricians and other health care practitioners has been to believe the mode of transmission is asexual. A review of gonorrhea, Chlamydia trachomatis, herpes genitalis, condyloma acuminata, Trichomonas vaginalis, syphilis, chancroid, and granuloma inguinale infections has been made to address the issue of nonsexual transmission of sexually transmitted diseases. Nonsexual transmission of these infections is an infrequent occurrence and when they affect the prepubertal child, sexual abuse must be highly suspected. PMID- 6610857 TI - [Study of caryotypes in 52 cases of chronic lymphocytic B-cell leukemia]. AB - The karyotypes of 103 cases of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia were studied following stimulation or establishment of continuous cell lines using the Epstein Barr virus. In 52 patients metaphases suitable for cytogenetic analysis were obtained; 30 revealed normal karyotypes and 22 abnormal karyotypes. The most frequently encountered abnormalities were 6 cases of extra chromosome 12, 4 cases of structured aberrations concerning chromosome 14, including 2 t(11;14), 4 translocations concerning chromosome 11, and 3 cases of extra chromosome 3. No relationship appears to exist between the abnormalities observed and the clinical profile or prognosis. PMID- 6610856 TI - [Comparative study of scintigraphy, single photon emission CT, and computed tomography in the evaluation of space occupying lesions of the liver]. PMID- 6610858 TI - Colour vision defects and the school nurse. PMID- 6610859 TI - [Monitoring of the humoral response in clinical immunology]. PMID- 6610860 TI - Gynecologic infections in the pediatric age group. PMID- 6610861 TI - Medical and surgical therapy of sinusitis. PMID- 6610862 TI - Recurrent urinary tract infections in children. PMID- 6610863 TI - [Alpha 1-antitrypsin and immunoglobulin A, G and M levels in workers occupationally exposed to ceramic dust]. PMID- 6610864 TI - [Mallory-Weiss syndrome in the light of fiber endoscopy]. PMID- 6610865 TI - Chemistry and anti-inflammatory activity of 10-methylamino-11H-indeno[1,2 b]quinolin-11-one (MB 432) derivatives. AB - The synthesis and properties of several derivatives of 10-methyl-amino- 11H indeno[1,2-b] quinolin -11-one (MB 432) were described. New compounds were examined in carrageenin edema test in rats and writhing test in mice and compared to indomethacin and MB 432. The substitution in the rings of the indeno and quinoline parts deprived the compounds tested of a strong anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties characteristic of the parent system. PMID- 6610866 TI - Amniotic fluid pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) in fetal developmental disorders. AB - Concentration of pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) was studied in second and third trimester amniotic fluid from pregnancies with various fetal developmental disorders. The material consisted of 26 cases with chromosomal disorders and 19 cases with non-chromosomal fetal malformations. The SP1 concentration was elevated in two cases of Meckel's syndrome (mean +2.7-4.0 S.D.) as well as in one case of fetal triploidy (mean +22 S.D.), while it was normal in all other 14 different fetal disorders. PMID- 6610867 TI - [Effect of central and peripheral estrogen administration on the indices of immune homeostasis]. AB - The effect of high (50 micrograms) and low (2.5 micrograms) doses of diethylstilbestrol propionate (DES) oil solution injected into the CSF and intramuscularly was studied on non-inbred albino male rats. The drug was administered four times with 5 to 6 days' intervals. At the 4th day after the last DES injection the animals were immunized with the sheep red blood cells. The animals under study were killed and the state of their genital organs (testicles and prostatas) was examined. Immunity was evaluated according to the blast transformation response of the peripheral blood lymphocytes, stimulated by phyto hemagglutinin and Con A in accordance with the nucleus-containing splenocyte (NCS) and the antibody-forming cell (AFC) number, as well as by the rosette forming cell (RFC) per cent content in the spleen. It was found that high and low DES doses exert a pronounced effect on the genital organs of the animals. Large doses of the drug affect the immune homeostasis by decreasing blast-transforming lymphocyte ability and NSC number simultaneously with a sharp AFC number and RFC per cent rising. Low DES doses did not influence the immunity indices. PMID- 6610868 TI - [Bronchial changes in children with primary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6610869 TI - [Ways of increasing the effectiveness of preventive measures among children from tuberculosis foci]. PMID- 6610870 TI - [Complications of primary tuberculosis in children under present-day conditions]. PMID- 6610871 TI - [Regional functions of the lungs in children with tuberculosis and nonspecific diseases of the respiratory organs]. PMID- 6610872 TI - [Rifampin in the treatment of children with newly detected intrathoracic tuberculosis]. PMID- 6610873 TI - [Diagnosis of mild forms of tuberculosis of the intrathoracic lymph nodes in children]. PMID- 6610874 TI - The Princeton School District Family Study of the Lipid Research Clinics Program: design, evaluation and prospects. PMID- 6610875 TI - Cincinnati Lipid Research Clinic: review of genetic data and design, limitations and prospects. PMID- 6610876 TI - Cincinnati Lipid Research Clinic. AB - A major limitation of the Collaborative Lipid Research Clinic's Family Study and hence, the Princeton School District's Family Study, was the insufficient data gathering relative to environmental influences, particularly nutrient intake, alcohol intake, smoking, habitual physical activity, recent weight gain and loss, etc. (Laskarzewski 1983c). In addition, inadequacies of quantitation of family history further represented major problem areas (Laskarzewski 1982c). Nevertheless, the Princeton School District Family Study had major utility in documenting within-family aggregation of CHD risk factors in children and their young adult parents in an economically variegated, biracial cohort. PMID- 6610877 TI - The role of path analysis in coronary heart disease research. PMID- 6610878 TI - Risk factors, pulmonary function, and mortality. AB - In a genetic-epidemiologic study of obstructive airway disease (OAD), cross sectional and longitudinal data (4.7 year follow-up) were collected to investigate relationships among risk factors, pulmonary function, and mortality. In the cross sectional evaluation of 2539 non-patient adults, 11 potential risk factors were found to be significantly associated with airways obstruction. Most important among these were age and smoking. Others included: demographic variables (gender, SES, education); the intake of coffee and diet soda; genetic markers (protease inhibitor "Pi" type, ABO type, ABH secretor status); and familial pulmonary disease. Examination of combinations of risk factors in cross sectional data indicated that some of these factors were important risk factors in cigarette smokers but less evident in never smokers. For example, ABO type, familial component, coffee drinking and diet soda intake were related to marked differences in lung function in cigarette smokers, but had little impact in never smokers. Thus, interactions of factors must be considered when assessing risk of pulmonary dysfunction. In the longitudinal evaluation, 11 factors found to be significant on cross sectional study plus 4 tests of lung function (closing capacity, diffusing capacity, slope of Phase III, and flow volume curves) were examined for correlations with loss of forced expiratory volume. Consistently greater declines of lung function were noted in males, older subjects, smokers, whites, and individuals carrying the type A blood group allele. Increased initial visit closing capacity was also associated with increased deterioration. Together, however, these factors accounted for only a modest amount of observed variation in decline in lung function (17% in females and 12% in males). Initial visit characteristics were not only associated with deterioration of lung function in survivors, as described above, but with survivorship per se. Age, sex, race and cigarette smoking were associated with differences in mortality. In addition to these, pulmonary dysfunction itself at initial visit was an independent risk factor for increased mortality. For example, the mortality of unobstructed males in the 5th decade of life was 16 per thousand compared to 25 per thousand in obstructed males. For females, the mortality in the 5th decade of life was 7 per thousand if unobstructed and 12 per thousand if obstructed. We conclude: 1) In cross sectional evaluation, multiple factors are associated with airways obstruction. Of these, smoking appears to interact strongly with other factors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6610879 TI - Anorexia and brain serotonin: development of tolerance to the effects of fenfluramine and quipazine in rats with serotonin-depleting lesions. AB - The acute and chronic effects of the "serotonergic anorectics" quipazine and dl fenfluramine were examined in rats with substantial and specific depletions of brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) induced by 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT). A "dessert" test which did not involve food deprivation was used to assess anorexia. Markedly increased sensitivity to the L-5-HTP-induced behavioral syndrome in 5,7-DHT-lesioned rats indicated postsynaptic 5-HT receptor supersensitivity. We found low (2 mg/kg) and intermediate (5 mg/kg) doses of fenfluramine, a putative presynaptic agent, were more effective in producing anorexia in lesion rats versus controls. A higher dose of fenfluramine (10 mg/kg) was less effective in lesion rats, suggesting that high dose and low dose fenfluramine anorexia are mediated by different mechanisms. We found quipazine, a putative 5-HT postsynaptic agonist, in a dose range of 2-10 mg/kg, to be no more effective in producing anorexia in lesion rats compared to controls. The development of tolerance to both fenfluramine and quipazine anorexia was similar for lesion and control rats showing that an intact brain 5-HT system is not necessary for tolerance. Tolerance to the "behavioral syndrome" induced by high doses of these agents developed rapidly in controls but not at all in lesion rats. This suggests that the behavioral syndrome and anorexia are independent effects of fenfluramine and quipazine. These results also challenge the popular notion that the primary anorectic action of fenfluramine is via brain serotonin. PMID- 6610880 TI - Evidence that taste aversion learning induced by l-5-hydroxytryptophan is mediated peripherally. AB - Rats learned to avoid a saccharin solution if their initial consumption of it was followed by intraperitoneal (IP) administration of 25 mg/kg l-5-hydroxytryptophan (l-5-HTP); this taste aversion learning did not occur in rats pretreated with 50 mg/kg (IP) of the aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor RO 4-4602 (benserazide). RO 4-4602 antagonized the l-5-HTP-induced elevation of 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the mesentery but significantly increased the l-5-HTP induced elevation of 5-HT in the brain. These results indicate that l-5-HTP induced taste aversion is correlated with peripheral, but not central, elevation of 5-HT. PMID- 6610881 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of the sulfonamide-trimethoprim combinations Berlocombin and Sulprim in patients with various degrees of kidney dysfunction]. AB - Patients with normal and decreased kidney function were treated with an initial dose of 4 tablets Berlocombin and following with a dose of 2 tablets for 10 d in a 12 h period. The dialysis patients got only once the initial dose. The kinetic parameters were calculated by means of a one compartment model. Independend on the kidney function the minimum therapeutic serum concentrations of 1 microgram/ml at trimethoprime and of 20 micrograms/ml at the sulphonamides were reached during the first hours after medicament application. At all patients the urine concentration of trimethoprime were some times over the minimum therapeutic concentration. The individually found maintenance doses fluctuate between 2 tablets each 12 h and 1 tablet each 24 h. At patients with serum creatinine levels greater than 3 mg/100 ml (greater than 265 mumol/l) 1 tablet each 12 h is sufficient as maintenance dose. At a higher degree of kidney function decreasing (serum creatinine greater than 6 mg/100 ml (greater than 530 mumol/l] cumulating of the sulphonamide metabolites in the serum is found. The evaluated elimination velocity of the investigated sulphonamides during the hemodialysis was higher than that at patients with normal kidney function. The elimination rate of trimethoprime during the dialysis is in the same region as at patients without any kidney diseases. PMID- 6610882 TI - [Antiserotonergic effect of antidepressives in L-5-HTP-induced head shaking behavior in the rat]. PMID- 6610883 TI - A new fast algorithm for the evaluation of regions of interest and statistical uncertainty in computed tomography. AB - A new algorithm for region of interest evaluation in computed tomography has been developed. Region of interest evaluation is a technique used to improve quantitation of the tomographic imaging process by summing (or averaging) the reconstructed quantity throughout a volume of particular significance. An important application of this procedure arises in the analysis of dynamic emission computed tomographic data, in which the uptake and clearance of radiotracers are used to determine the blood flow and/or physiologic function of tissue within the significant volume. The new algorithm replaces the conventional technique of repeated image reconstructions with one in which projected regions are convolved and then used to form multiple vector inner products with the raw tomographic data sets. Quantitation of regions of interest is made without the need for reconstruction of tomographic images. The computational advantage of the new algorithm over conventional methods is between a factor of 20 and a factor of 500 for typical applications encountered in medical science studies. The greatest benefit of the new algorithm (and the motivation for its development) is the ease with which the statistical uncertainty of the result is computed. The entire covariance matrix for the evaluation of regions of interest can be calculated with relatively few operations. PMID- 6610885 TI - Suicide in Communist Europe. PMID- 6610884 TI - Reliability of the auditing process at the University of Montana's Physical Therapy Department. AB - Adding an audit to the problem-oriented medical record system creates feedback to ensure quality control in the health-care field. Auditing is the process of comparing observed behaviors with predefined standards. The literature does not reveal an auditing system that has been tested for reliability. A standardized problem-oriented documentation system was developed at the University of Montana Physical Therapy Clinic. This system was then audited for assessment of its reliability. Kendall's coefficient of concordance (W) was used to determine interrater and intrarater reliability. We determined this documentation system to be reliable because our minimum coefficient of .80 was met. This reliable system aids in assessing objectively the care physical therapy students provide at the University of Montana. PMID- 6610886 TI - [Physical therapy in dentistry and its influence on infections and the healing process]. PMID- 6610887 TI - [Comparative evaluation of a new method for the determination of alpha-amylase]. AB - A new method for alpha-amilase determination has been compared with other two methods already tested. All these methods have been evaluated by linearity, precision, accuracy and correlation tests. Affinity of the three different substrates for pancreatic and salivary isoenzymes has been valued too. The new method is based on the use of a mixture of p-nitrophenimaltopentaoside and p nitrophenilhexaoside and it has given excellent results in the different tests and it has shown to be easily adaptable to automatized and centrifugal analysis. Moreover the hydrolysis of well defined substrates gives products which absorb in the visible part of the spectrum and it is an evident advantage. Therefore, this method is one of the most satisfactory for alpha-amilase determination too. PMID- 6610889 TI - [Performance of emission computed tomography using a rotating slant-hole collimator and portable camera]. PMID- 6610888 TI - Therapeutic embolization of the small-bowel arteries. AB - Two patients with small-bowel arteriovenous malformations and four patients with severe small-bowel hemorrhage were successfully treated with selective embolization of jejunal or ileal arteries. No infarction of the embolized area was observed. Severe small-bowel bleeding frequently occurs in debilitated patients with multisystem failure. In these circumstances, the use of embolization is justified because of the need for fast and effective hemostasis if a trial of vasoconstrictor infusion has been ineffective or is contraindicated. PMID- 6610890 TI - [Current topics in radiopharmaceuticals in Japan. (III) Cyclotron radiopharmaceuticals and clinical applications]. PMID- 6610891 TI - [A simple rapid method for the determination of circulating immune complexes in neoplasms: correlation with the course of the disease]. PMID- 6610892 TI - [Clinical and laboratory study of 30 cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemia]. PMID- 6610893 TI - [Microsurgical reconstruction of the fallopian tubes. Experience with 24 cases]. PMID- 6610894 TI - [Bronchofiberscopy. Analysis of 150 consecutive examinations]. PMID- 6610895 TI - [Exogenous lipoid pneumonia in infants]. PMID- 6610896 TI - [Treatment of perforated gastroduodenal ulcer in the free peritoneum]. PMID- 6610897 TI - [Complicated intestinal tuberculosis]. PMID- 6610898 TI - [Incipient megaesophagus: dilatation or surgery?]. PMID- 6610899 TI - [Effect of vitamin B 12 on Ehrlich ascites tumor growth in mice]. PMID- 6610900 TI - [Mineralogic analysis of urinary calculi]. PMID- 6610901 TI - [Upper digestive hemorrhage. Analysis of 1000 cases]. PMID- 6610902 TI - [Changes in serum digoxin levels following cardiopulmonary by-pass]. PMID- 6610903 TI - [Biochemico-etiopathogenic correlation in 26 cases of hepatopathy caused by drugs]. PMID- 6610904 TI - Quantitative morphological studies of aging changes in the kidney of the Lewis rat. AB - Spontaneous aging changes in the kidneys of the rat have been previously described. In the Lewis strain, we performed semiquantitative studies of kidney histology and quantitative studies of glomerular basement membrane thickness and mesangial area in animals aged 6-30 months. There is a progressive increase in glomerular basement membrane thickness and mesangial area throughout the life of the rat. Spontaneous glomerulosclerosis in the Lewis rat does not appear to be as extensive as in other strains. The importance of spontaneous glomerulosclerosis in studies of induced kidney disease is emphasized. PMID- 6610905 TI - [Myocardial infarct size vs duration of coronary artery occlusion in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction: assessment by thallium-201 emission tomography, gated cardiac pool study and CK-MB release]. PMID- 6610906 TI - [Positron computed tomography of the heart]. PMID- 6610907 TI - The vestibular and cochlear aqueduct. PMID- 6610908 TI - [Major histocompatibility system in wild mice]. PMID- 6610909 TI - [Piroxicam (Felden), in the form of 20 mg suppositories, in the treatment of acute and chronic rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6610911 TI - [Correlation between the maximal velocity of the slow phase and the duration of caloric nystagmus in the normal and pathologic subject]. PMID- 6610910 TI - Two injections of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-polio vaccine as the backbone of a simplified immunization schedule in developing countries. AB - From studies of antibody levels induced against poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 and against diphtheria and tetanus toxins as well as from epidemiologic studies comparing the protective effect in children of two and three doses of diphtheria tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine, respectively, it can be concluded that two injections of DTP-polio vaccine administered at least four months apart will induce immunity against the four diseases. An immunization schedule can be built up in which bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is given simultaneously with the first DTP-polio injection at the age of three to eight months and vaccination against measles and--if needed--yellow fever is performed simultaneously with the second DTP-polio immunization at the age of nine to 14 months. PMID- 6610912 TI - Psoriasis and arthritis. I. A population study. AB - In a population survey of 3659 persons aged 20 years or older, no association was found between psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. Inflammatory, degenerative and soft tissue rheumatic diseases occurred in 59% of the psoriatics and 46% of the controls. However, the mean number of rheumatological diagnoses in the psoriatics was 1.1 and in the controls 1.3. Features of psoriasis were found in 41 individuals (1.1%). Features of inflammatory arthritis (RA + past-polyarthritis) were established in 5% and 2.2% of the psoriatics and the controls respectively, but this difference is not significant. Because patients with psoriasis have complaints associated with the locomotor system more frequently than non psoriatic people, it seems likely that the referral rate of the former to special clinics is higher. PMID- 6610913 TI - Psoriasis and arthritis. II. A cross-sectional comparative study of patients with "psoriatic arthritis" and seronegative and seropositive polyarthritis: clinical aspects. AB - Arthritis of the terminal joints of the hands and feet occurred more frequently (P less than 0.015) in patients with seronegative poly-arthritis combined with psoriasis (S- P+; n = 92) than in patients with seronegative polyarthritis alone (S- P-; n = 72). However, the prevalence of affection of these joints was too low to consider this feature a sensitive marker for psoriatic arthritis. Furthermore, neither asymmetrical joint involvement nor the absence of ulnar deviation of the fingers appeared to be characteristic of this disease. A positive correlation was found between the presence of nail psoriasis and limitation of function of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints. The DIP finger joints and the interphalangeal joints of the toes were affected more often in the S- P+ group than in patients with seropositive polyarthritis without psoriasis (S+ P-; n = 46), but arthritis of the other joints was observed more frequently in the latter group. PMID- 6610914 TI - Psoriasis and arthritis. III. A cross-sectional comparative study of patients with "psoriatic arthritis" and seronegative and seropositive polyarthritis: radiological and HLA aspects. AB - In a group of patients with seronegative polyarthritis and psoriasis, the radiological features and the incidence of histocompatibility antigens were compared with those of a group of patients with seronegative polyarthritis but not psoriasis. No radiological criteria proved to be characteristic of psoriatic arthritis. In the group of patients with seronegative polyarthritis and psoriasis, erosions of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints were seen more frequently and were more severe than in the group of patients with seronegative arthritis without psoriasis. For the group of patients with seronegative polyarthritis and psoriasis, correlation was found between psoriatic nail lesions and erosions of the DIP joints, but this correlation was not found between the nail involvement and erosion of the adjacent DIP joint. No significant differences were found for the incidence of histocompatibility antigens between patients with seronegative polyarthritis with or without psoriasis. However, differences were found between these two groups and either the seropositive polyarthritis group or blood bank donors. PMID- 6610915 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in rheumatoid arthritis. An immunological, enzyme histochemical and morphological study. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and synovial fluid lymphocytes ( SFL ) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were examined with monoclonal antibodies, with coated ox red blood cells for the expression of Fc receptors for IgG or IgM (T mu and T gamma cells), and incubated for the demonstration of alpha- naphtyl acetate esterase and acid phosphatase. Equal percentages of OKT4 and OKT8 PBL were found in clinically active and inactive RA patients, and in healthy controls, but decreased percentages of OKT4 and increased percentages of OKT8 positive lymphocytes were found among the SFL . The percentages of T mu and T gamma cells, the presence of HLA-DR membrane antigens on T lymphocytes as well as the staining pattern for the enzymes revealed that SFL of patients with RA were highly activated, compared to PBL of RA patients and healthy controls. It can be concluded from this study that a single determination of OKT4 and OKT8-positive lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of RA patients has no predictive value for disease activity. However, the results of the experiments on T lymphocyte activation clearly showed preferential activation of SFL compared to PBL, indicating that activation of lymphocytes occurs at the site of inflammation. PMID- 6610916 TI - [Occurrence of myocardial damage after A-C bypass operation. With special reference to the prediction of the occurrence of myocardial damage with the multivariate discriminant analysis]. PMID- 6610917 TI - [Method of measuring spasticity. Studies of 12 cases of spastic patients treated with chronic epidural implanted electrodes]. AB - The Authors have applied the method for determination of the H reflex, in order to measure the spasticity in a group of patients operated with chronic implantation of epidural electrodes. After a brief discussion about a clinical and neurophysiological problems of the spasticity, they refers the methodologie and results obtained by determination of H/M ratio and H1/H2 curve with double stimulus. They conclude that this method is rather uncertain and useful only at a approximative clinical level. PMID- 6610918 TI - [Interleukin 2 and rheumatoid polyarthritis]. AB - The dysimmune state associated with rheumatoid arthritis was approached by the study of a T lymphocyte function, the production of helper factor: Interleukin 2 (I12). This production was measured in 11 patients in comparison with 9 controls. The I12 activity is significantly higher in the patient group. Several mechanisms may be involved in this over-production. The radiosensitive T suppressor function, which was also investigated in this study, was the same in the two groups, so can not explain this overproduction. However, the radiosensitive suppressor function is very variable in the patients, suggesting a clinical correlation which could not be confirmed in this small group of subjects. PMID- 6610919 TI - [Study of HLA antigens A and B and their cross reactions in B27-negative ankylosing spondylarthritis]. AB - In an attempt to find common immunogenetic features in B27+ and B27- ankylosing spondylitis patients, the B7 cross reactant antigens (BW22, B27, B40, B12, B13) were systematically tested by a lymphocytotoxicity method in 43 patients suffering from ankylosing spondylitis according to the Rome criteria. These included 25 caucasian patients (20 B27+, 5 B27-), 15 north african patients (11 B27+, 4 B27-) and 3 west indian mulattos (all B27-). The frequency of the B7 cross reactant antigens, when compared to controls, was not increased in the B27- patients as a whole, nor in any of the 3 populations studied. Our negative results are in agreement with those of similar published studies in homogeneous populations. They do not support the hypothesis of a direct involvement of HLA B antigens as cofactors favouring ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 6610920 TI - Minimal liver disease in young persons with homozygous and heterozygous alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. AB - Of 120 patients who were investigated for moderately elevated liver function tests as the only sign of liver disease, 6 young persons had alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency. Three had a homozygous (Pi ZZ) and three had a heterozygous (Pi MZ) AAT deficiency as measured with isoelectric focusing. An extensive investigation ruled out all other causes of liver disease. The three homozygous patients showed typical periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive globules in their liver biopsies and slight fibrosis, whereas none of the heterozygous patients showed these features. Electron microscopical investigation also showed typical findings in the homozygous but not in the heterozygous patients. Further development of liver disease in these young and apparently healthy AAT-deficient patients with early signs of liver damage is not known. It is possible that these patients will develop severe liver disease later in life. It was possible to detect only the three homozygous patients by histochemical examination of liver tissue, since the heterozygous patients did not show PAS-positive globules in their liver. PMID- 6610921 TI - Cholecystitis--etiology and treatment--microbiological aspects. AB - Acute cholecystitis is initially a chemical inflammation, but regularly complicated by bacterial invasion from the gut. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and Streptococcus faecalis dominate among aerobic bacteria, whereas Bacteroides fragilis and clostridia are commonly encountered anaerobes. Mixed infections are prevalent. Bactibilia occurs in at least 60% of the early stage of acute cholecystitis and is particularly prevalent in the elderly. Also, bactibilia is very common in recurrent cholecystitis. A close connection is found between the presence of bactibilia and infectious complications. Although antimicrobial treatment does not sterilize the bile of an obstructed gall bladder, most authors favour such treatment in cases of febrile cholecystitis, particularly in the elderly, in order to prevent septic complications. Various regimens of preoperative antimicrobial prophylaxis have significantly reduced the infectious complications, in spite of persistent bactibilia. Prophylactic courses should not exceed one or two days, one single preoperative dose is probably adequate. The choice of antimicrobial drugs for prophylaxis varies with local experience and patterns of bacterial resistance. A combination of broad spectred betalactam antibiotics and nitroimidazole would generally seem to provide an appropriate and atoxic coverage. PMID- 6610922 TI - Occurrence of penicillin-resistant and beta-lactamase-producing Bacteroides species in the oral cavity. AB - Bacteroides species are known to play an important role in orofacial infections. The present investigation shows that penicillin-resistant Bacteroides species are commonly found in the oral cavity and that their occurrence is related to previous penicillin therapy. Several of the penicillin-resistant isolates were also resistant to erythromycin and/or doxycycline while all strains were sensitive to clindamycin and tinidazole. the penicillin resistance was mainly due to beta-lactamase production. A selective cultivation method for detection of penicillin-resistant Bacteroides is described. PMID- 6610923 TI - In vitro interactions between metronidazole or tinidazole and ampicillin, doxycycline and co-trimoxazole on the effect against anaerobic bacteria. AB - The mutual interaction on the antibacterial activity of metronidazole and tinidazole with ampicillin, doxycycline and co-trimoxazole was studied by two fold agar dilution series and chess-board determinations with 24 anaerobic bacterial strains which were recent clinical isolates. The nitroimidazoles had similar activity, and partial or complete synergy was observed in 83 - 88% of the strains when they were combined with ampicillin and doxycycline and 83 - 100% when combined with co-trimoxazole, which was moderately less active on a weight basis. A combination between ampicillin and a nitroimidazole would be preferable due to high level of synergy, high activity against anaerobes, and a more consistent supplementary activity against enterococci. PMID- 6610924 TI - Effect of luminal acid on gastric and duodenal bicarbonate transport. AB - Epithelial HCO3 transport by stomach and duodenum is influenced by luminal pH. Acid itself, but not stimulants of gastric HCl secretion, increase mucosal alkaline secretion in a variety of in vitro and in vivo systems. Using pairs of amphibian mucosa, both gastric and proximal duodenal HCO3 transport was stimulated by low luminal pH. This response displayed some tissue specificity and operates by a humoral mechanism. In the anaesthetized cat, the increase in duodenal epithelial HCO3 secretion following exposure of the lumen to acid (pH2) is probably independent of luminal Cl-. Low luminal pH in the stomach did not influence HCO3 secretion by the duodenum either in vitro or in vivo. The process of acid-stimulated epithelial HCO3 transport may be important in maintaining H+ ion disposal in the upper gastrointestinal tract in response to low luminal pH. PMID- 6610925 TI - Intrageneric and intergeneric transfer of Branhamella catarrhalis beta-lactamase production. AB - Intrageneric and intergeneric conjugational transfer of beta-lactamase production to a Branhamella catarrhalis recipient is described. The branhamella donor strains were fresh isolates subcultured onto penicillin-containing media directly from the primary plates. A beta-lactamase positive Moraxella nonliquefaciens served as donor in the intergeneric matings. The substrate profiles of the branhamella and moraxella enzymes were indistinguishable as determined by biological assays. Excessive endonuclease activity did not permit a conclusive characterization of isolated extrachromosomal DNA from the branhamella donors. PMID- 6610926 TI - Fulminating clostridial septicemia in children treated for lymphoproliferative disorders. AB - Overwhelming Clostridium septicum infection in 2 children, 1 and 4 yr old, with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and B-cell non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma, respectively, as well as fatal C. perfringens infection in a 3-yr-old child with histiocytosis-X are reported. A neutropenic patient with fever, abdominal symptoms and hypotension--but otherwise being well--must be suspected of having clostridial disease. The most alarming feature is shock and rapid course. PMID- 6610927 TI - Epidermal growth factor in the healing of corneal wounds, epidermal wounds and partial-thickness scalds. A controlled animal study. AB - The effects of the topical application and the intraperitoneal administration of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the healing of epidermal wounds, and of partial thickness scalds in rats and of corneal wounds in rabbits were evaluated. The parameters measured were the daily percentage body weight change, time to complete healing of the wounds, the evaporative water loss from the wound surface and the rate of new formation of epithelial cell layers on the epidermal and corneal wounds. Wounded animals treated with 0.9% NaCl were used as controls. After removal of the corneal epithelium the local application of EGF stimulated the regeneration process appreciably. No significant healing advantage from the treatment with EGF was observed, however, in epidermal wounds and partial thickness scalds. The result does not warrant any clinical evaluation. PMID- 6610928 TI - Reuma 84. XX Nordic Congress of Rheumatology. 13-16 May 1984, Bergen. Lectures by invited speakers; abstracts. PMID- 6610930 TI - The illness process in rheumatic diseases. PMID- 6610929 TI - Differential diagnosis to rheumatoid diseases. 1. Endocrine and metabolic aspects. 2. Treatment with corticoids. PMID- 6610931 TI - Rheumatic disorders of the upper limbs associated with repetitive occupational tasks in Finland in 1975-1979. AB - This study, which dealt with occupational rheumatic disorders associated with repetitive monotonous working movements, is based on the reports received by the National Board of Labour Protection during the 5-year period 1975-79. Altogether 3 090 cases were analysed. Of these, 2 139 (69.2%) were females and 951 (30.8%) males. The mean age of the patients was 40.7 years; the majority (82.2%) were 30 59 years old. The upper limb was involved in 93% and especially the forearm in 63% of cases. Tenosynovitis and peritendinitis of the hand was present in 58% and epicondylitis in 24%. Other disorders, such as shoulder disorders, neck and low back pain, and disorders of the lower extremities were much less frequent. The incidence of occupational musculoskeletal disorders was highest among female workers in the textile, leather and food industries. On comparing different occupations, butchers and meat cutters had the highest incidences. The patients were treated mostly at occupational health centres (66.2%) and local health centres (27.1%). The data on exposure time was rather meagre. This factor was estimated in only 77% of cases. In these the average exposure time was 2.4 years. PMID- 6610932 TI - Quantitative and qualitative impairment of immunoregulatory cells in the circulation of rheumatoid arthritic patients. AB - T cells bearing receptors for the Fc portion of IgM or IgG, TM or TG cells respectively, in the peripheral blood of RA and OA patients were found significantly less often when compared with TM and TG cells in the peripheral blood of normal donors. Using culture combinations of TM, TG and B cells, we were able to demonstrate that the B cells in the peripheral blood of RA patients were constantly of low functional competence and the TMcells varied between highly competent and low competent. RATG cells in general suppressed normal B lymphoblast differentiation. PMID- 6610933 TI - The prevalence of HLA-B27 in Northern Norway. AB - The incidence of the tissue antigen HLA-B27 has been studied in 176 consecutive blood donors in Tromso, Northern Norway. The prevalence of HLA-B27 was 15.9%, which was significantly higher than that found in Southern Norway (10%). The frequency of 15.9% is comparable to the prevalence of this antigen found in Northern Sweden (16.6%) and Finland (14-16%). PMID- 6610934 TI - Anti-ribonucleoprotein antibodies in inflammatory rheumatic diseases. AB - Of 472 consecutive patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases attending a unit responsible for the treatment of rheumatoid diseases, only 12 patients were found to have anti-ribonucleoprotein (RNP) antibodies. Of these, 5 patients fulfilled the criteria for the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 7 those of rheumatoid arthritis. Joint symptoms were the predominant clinical features and caused severe deformities requiring operations in most cases. One anti-RNP positive SLE patient died of chronic active hepatitis. PMID- 6610935 TI - Serum amyloid A protein--current status. PMID- 6610936 TI - [Vascular and ocular complications in a child with homocystinuria]. AB - Homocystinuria, only partially responsive to pyridoxine, was first diagnosed at the age of 14 years in a boy with high myopia, spherophakia and subluxated lenses, when surgical removal of a dislocated lens became necessary. 2 years previously a fracture of the left tibia, treated conservatively, had been followed by ischemia of the leg necessitating amputation. Postoperatively, deep vein thrombosis had developed in the right leg. Plasma homocysteine was lowered to undetectable levels by treatment with betaine in addition to pyridoxine, folic acid and reduction of protein intake. During the two years on treatment no further thromboembolic complications have occurred. PMID- 6610937 TI - [Surgical treatment of acute coronary heart disease]. AB - The main and most attractive surgical measure in acute coronary disease is emergency revascularisation of acute ischemia. As far as unstable angina is concerned, the recommendations of the National Cooperative Study Group are more or less universally accepted, which means that emergency revascularisation is reserved for patients in whom stabilisation of angina with vigorous medical treatment is unsuccessful. On the other hand, it has been shown that a large proportion of patients in whom unstable angina had been successfully stabilized subsequently suffered from severe chronic angina. The author therefore recommends performing coronarography in all younger patients within a few days. If left main stem or three-vessel disease is documented by this investigation, aortocoronary bypass should be performed during the same hospitalisation. In cases with isolated proximal stenosis of the left anterior descending artery, transluminal dilatation should be considered. The author's own results confirm the general experience that revascularisation for unstable angina does not involve elevated risk. After established acute infarction, the role of surgery is confined to treatment of severe mechanical complications of infarction (acute aneurysm, ventricular septal defect, subvalvular mitral insufficiency) and aortocoronary bypass for postinfarction angina. The author's results show that early and late mortality are rather high, though a good late result can be achieved in about 50% of the cases. However, in view of the poor prognosis under conservative treatment, even this modest rate of success seems acceptable. PMID- 6610938 TI - [Postoperative care of coronary surgery patients]. AB - Coronary bypass surgery is a palliative procedure and medical management after surgery is best provided by the private physician in cooperation with the surgical center. Whereas digitalis is rarely indicated in patients after bypass surgery, several prospective and randomized studies have shown that the early use of anticoagulants or platelet inhibiting agents improves graft patency after surgery. This medication should be given for about one year. Complex ventricular arrhythmias (Lown III-V) are 2-3 times as frequent 6-8 weeks after aortocoronary bypass surgery as before the operation. However, they are of less prognostic importance than similar arrhythmias occurring one year after surgery. Exercise induced angina with ST segment depression occurs in 3% of patients per year with complete revascularization, as compared to 6-10% of patients/year with less than complete revascularization. Repeat angiography after surgery is performed if limiting angina recurs. In some instances coronary angioplasty may reestablish successful bypass surgery. Mortality and morbidity of reoperation are slightly higher and the success rate is slightly lower than with a first operation. Postoperative complications, such as post-pericardiotomy syndrome, left ventricular dysfunction and hepatitis, are briefly discussed. PMID- 6610939 TI - 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine destroys dopamine neurons in explants of rat embryo mesencephalon. AB - Explants of embryonic rat mesencephalon were grown in organotypic culture. Addition of 10 microM 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to the culture medium for 4 to 7 days resulted in loss of dopamine cell bodies and fiber outgrowths, as observed by fluorescence histochemistry. At the same time, the cultures showed decreased uptake of tritium-labeled dopamine. However, no signs of generalized toxicity were evident when the explant cultures were viewed by light and phase-contrast microscopy. These results show that MPTP exerts a relatively selective destructive action in dopamine neurons in vitro, similar to the action observed in humans and monkeys in vivo. Pargyline (10 microM), a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, protected the dopamine neurons in the explants. Organotypic cultures provide an experimental model for the study of the properties of MPTP in vitro. PMID- 6610940 TI - [Congenital and acquired coagulation disorders]. PMID- 6610941 TI - Colonic endometriosis: its clinical spectrum. AB - We have reviewed two cases of colonic endometriosis. The first demonstrates the more frequently encountered symptoms of partial large-bowel obstruction. The second demonstrates the less frequently encountered cyclic rectal bleeding occurring at or near the time of menses. Conventional diagnostic methods may strengthen a preoperative suspicion, but definitive diagnosis rests with exploratory laparotomy. Although hormonal and antigonadotropic agents have their places in therapy, surgical excision remains the choice procedure. PMID- 6610942 TI - Isolated duodenal varix: an unusual cause of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. AB - We have reported an unusual case of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to an isolated varix involving the second portion of the duodenum. The varix originated directly from the inferior vena cava and did not communicate with the portal venous system. The diagnosis was made preoperatively by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Surgical resection of the varix and the involved portion of the duodenal wall proved curative. PMID- 6610945 TI - [Rosette formation test with toxoplasmin in vitro in the diagnosis of acquired toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 6610944 TI - Severe coronary spasm during zomepirac-induced allergic reaction. PMID- 6610943 TI - Myoglobinuria and acute renal failure associated with intravenous vasopressin infusion. AB - Myoglobinuria and acute renal failure were observed in two patients with vasopressin-treated gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Because there were no other obvious causes of renal failure in either patient, we propose that skeletal muscle ischemia developed during vasopressin infusion, followed by release of myoglobin and renal damage. This association should be considered in the period after vasopressin-treated gastrointestinal hemorrhage. PMID- 6610946 TI - [Proceedings of the 27th scientific session of the Japan Rheumatism Association. June 1-2, 1983, Kyoto City, Japan. With abstracts]. PMID- 6610947 TI - [Influence of anti-DNP antibody on the inactivation of factor B by DNP-carrier]. PMID- 6610948 TI - [Effects of CCA on abnormalities of T-lymphocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6610949 TI - Coronary artery bypass surgery in a patient with symptomatic ventricular arrhythmia. PMID- 6610950 TI - [BAXO (piroxicam) for minor postsurgical pain in the oral area]. PMID- 6610951 TI - Advocates in vascular controversies. AB - The cardiovascular surgeon may find bibliographic support for his or her particular therapeutic bias for almost any controversial clinical problem. Such management dilemmas are not unique to vascular surgery in particular or surgery in general but reflect much of the field of medicine. Therapeutic controversies usually represent our ignorance of the natural history of disease or the deficiencies in our knowledge of the efficacy of medical or surgical therapy. While prospective epidemiologic studies or randomized blind clinical trials should be the optimal basis for our therapeutic decisions, how much of medical practice can lay claim to such a foundation? This panel debate represents a programmatic attempt to accomplish what each of us should, but often fails to, do in reaching a clinical therapeutic decision in the face of controversial alternatives: namely, objectively search one's experience and the available literature, pro and con. This approach proved very popular to those attending the meeting of the Southern Association for Vascular Surgery. The audience was greeted with the fruits of labor of the panelists who had taken their charge seriously. As advocates of their particular position in the therapeutic arguments, each panelist had carefully reviewed the pertinent literature, much of which is subject to the deficiencies and bias that are reflected in our clinical approach to these problems. Indeed, some of the advocates used the same literature references to support their opposing sides of the argument. Nevertheless, the eloquence and intensity of each presentation heightened the interest and understanding of the audience to these controversies. The annotated bibliography left a tangible document of the effort that had been expended in this debate. One hopes that out of our increased recognition of the fallibility of some of our therapeutic approaches to vascular controversies will come future efforts to base our clinical decisions on the results of epidemiologic studies or properly designed clinical trials. PMID- 6610952 TI - Von Willebrand factor has more than one binding site for platelets. AB - By the use of a series of monoclonal antibodies against platelet membrane glycoproteins (GP) and the von Willebrand factor (vWF), it is shown that thrombin induced binding to GP IIb/IIIa involves a different site on vWF from ristocetin induced binding to GP Ib. PMID- 6610954 TI - [Echoventriculography. A method for measurement of cerebral ventricle enlargement]. PMID- 6610953 TI - [Epidemiologic and genetic aspects of the rheumatoid factor]. PMID- 6610955 TI - [Symptoms and findings in Bechterew's disease]. PMID- 6610956 TI - Comparative stereology of the lizard and frog myocardium. AB - The atria and ventricles of the frog and lizard were quantitated using stereologic techniques. The volume fraction (Vv) and surface density (Sv) of the free, junctional and total sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria of the lizard atrium and ventricle were greater than in the corresponding chambers in the frog. Myofibrillar volume fraction and plasmalemmal surface density did not differ between the two species. The volume fraction and surface density of the free and total SR, and myocardial granules were greater in the lizard atrium than ventricle but the myofibrillar Vv and mitochondrial Vv and Sv were less. The Sv of the free SR, total SR, and the Vv and Sv of myocardial granules of the frog atrium were greater than in the frog ventricle. There were no differences between myofibrils and mitochondria in the frog atrium and ventricle. PMID- 6610957 TI - Immunotherapy and therapy of complications of AIDS. PMID- 6610958 TI - Augmentation of the graft-versus-host reactivity of parental cells by the addition of small doses of alloantigen-activated T cells. AB - The direct action of alloantigen-activated T cells on the generation of graft versus-host (GVH)-reactive T cells from their precursors was investigated in an in vivo system by the popliteal lymph node enlargement assay using normal and macrophage-depleted F1 hybrid rats. When very small numbers of alloantigen activated parental T cells were inoculated in the foot-pads of F1 hosts 24 hr prior to the parental cell inoculum, a significant increase of the GVH reactivity of peripheral T cells was observed within the draining node in normal F1 rats and in F1 hosts in which an active participation of endogenous cells was greatly minimized. Moreover, a similar augmenting action of alloantigen-activated T cells was found in the thymocyte-GVH reaction, which was much higher than that of peripheral T cells when their stimulation indices were compared. These phenomena were produced by the addition of any of two different RT 1 species of alloantigen activated T cells that were restimulated with F1 host-specific or nonspecific third-party alloantigen within the region of the assay, suggesting the importance of the restimulation of the alloantigen-activated T cell inoculum. A simultaneous injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide had a cumulative effect on the augmenting action of alloantigen-activated T cells on the thymocyte GVH reaction. This study indicates that the preexistence of alloantigen-activated T cells at the assay site causes precocious maturation and proliferation of immature thymocytes, which allows them to function as GVH-reactive T cells in the periphery in vivo; it also suggests the presence of a serial stimulation network through T-T interactions in connection with macrophage-T-cell synergism and the interleukins. PMID- 6610959 TI - [Structural changes in the myelin sheath membranes detectable by using the nonpolar probe perylene. A fluorescence polarization study]. AB - Perylene as a fluorescent probe has been used to investigate membranes of the myelin sheath of surviving nerve fibres. Fluorescence polarization (P) of perylene was measured in stained nerve fibres, and their dependence on the angle (AD) between the geometrical axis of the fibre and electrical vector of exciting light was studied. The dependence of AD on the temperature showed that P (90 degrees) decreased gradually when the temperature increased at heating within the range of 0-32 degrees. A model of the prove movement in the lipid matrix is described. This model considers the rotation around the axis perpendicular to the plane of the perylene molecule only. Comparison of the results of model calculations and the experimental data allows to estimate the value of energy of viscosity activation. It proved to be 20-25 kcal/mol. Possible causes of such a high value of the kinetic barrier are discussed. PMID- 6610960 TI - Leucovorin protection on pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells in mice treated with high-dose methotrexate. AB - Haematologic effects of delayed 16 h administration of leucovorin (LV) following high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) were analyzed in C57Bl X C3H F1 mice. Results show that 16 h administration of LV significantly reduces the toxic effects of HDMTX on hemopoietic progenitors and bone marrow cells. At 12 days after HDMTX administration, the bone marrow level of CFUs was significantly higher in HDMTX LV treated mice than in HDMTX treated animals. In comparison with previous data obtained when LV was injected 2 h after HDMTX, the delay in administration of LV does not appear to reduce the protective effect of the vitamin. PMID- 6610961 TI - [Epitheloid leiomyomata. A rare cause of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 6610962 TI - [Cytogenetics of B- and T-differentiated lymphoma: recent cases]. PMID- 6610963 TI - [Syndrome of occasional contact of intraocular lens supporting elements with the cornea]. PMID- 6610964 TI - Symposium on caged bird medicine. PMID- 6610965 TI - Hospitalization of the avian patient. PMID- 6610966 TI - Necropsy procedures in birds. PMID- 6610967 TI - Feather disorders. PMID- 6610968 TI - Update on chlamydiosis. PMID- 6610969 TI - Avian hematology. The basics. PMID- 6610970 TI - Clinical experience with avian laboratory diagnostics. PMID- 6610971 TI - Liver biopsy techniques in avian clinical practice. PMID- 6610972 TI - Therapeutics in avian medicine. Flock vs. individual bird treatment regimens. PMID- 6610973 TI - New aspects of avian surgery. PMID- 6610974 TI - Aviculture medicine of psittacine birds. PMID- 6610975 TI - Symposium on disorders of the feline lower urinary tract. PMID- 6610976 TI - Epidemiology of naturally occurring feline uroliths and urethral plugs. PMID- 6610977 TI - Diet-induced feline urethral obstruction. PMID- 6610978 TI - Localization of feline urethral obstruction. PMID- 6610979 TI - Electromyographic and urethral pressure profilometry. Clinical application in male cats. PMID- 6610980 TI - Diagnosis of the feline urologic syndrome. PMID- 6610981 TI - Immediate relief of feline urethral obstruction. PMID- 6610982 TI - Use and misuse of indwelling urinary catheters in cats. PMID- 6610983 TI - Management of post-renal uremia. PMID- 6610984 TI - Management of hypotonic and atonic urinary bladders in cats. PMID- 6610985 TI - Enhancement of viral hepatitis B antibody (Anti-HBs) response to a synthetic cyclic peptide by priming with anti-idiotype antibodies. AB - In vivo injections of anti-idiotype antibodies were used to prime the immune system of mice to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Anti-idiotype reagents in conjunction with a cyclic synthetic peptide analogous to positions 122-137 of HBsAg induced an antibody response to HBsAg (anti-HBs) comparable to that obtained with a single injection of intact HBsAg particles. In addition, high anti-HBs titers were produced in mice injected with HBsAg following anti-idiotype priming. These data indicate that anti-idiotype antibodies may be useful in priming the immune system of a host to a potential infectious agent. PMID- 6610986 TI - The green rod pigment of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. AB - The blue-sensitive pigment of the green rods was purified by column chromatography with Con A-Sepharose 4B. In digitonin solution, the lambda max and the epsilon max values of the green rod pigment were 430 nm and 35,000, respectively, for the vitamin A1-based pigment (P-4301). P-4301 was destroyed by hydroxylamine and p-chloromercuribenzoate but not by sodium borohydride. The regeneration rate of P-4301 was about 100 times faster than that of rhodopsin and the optimum pH for regeneration was at 6.5. P-4301 has properties intermediate between rhodopsin and the chicken cone pigment, iodopsin . The green rod pigment based on vitamin A2 was segregated in the dorsal retina. The lambda max and the epsilon max were 442 nm and 32,000, respectively. The amount of this pigment (P 4422) varied with season as did that of porphyropsin . P-4422 increased in November and reached a maximum of 33% of the total green rod pigment in the dorsal retina in March. The green rod pigment in the ventral retina was always based on vitamin A1 in all seasons. Regenerations of vitamin A2-based pigments of both green and red rods were slower than those of the respective vitamin A1-based pigments. PMID- 6610987 TI - The influence of cones on rod saturation with flashed backgrounds. AB - The increment threshold for a middle-wavelength test flash was measured at the onset of a concentric long-wavelength background flash under conditions that have previously been shown to result in rod system saturation. The influence of the cone system on rod saturation under these conditions was assessed using the Stiles-Crawford effect in normal subjects and by measuring rod thresholds in protanopes, who are deficient in long-wavelength cones. When the background flash is made less effective for cones through the Stiles-Crawford effect, the onset of rod saturation occurs at a higher luminance of background flash than normal. Similarly, protanopes do not show the characteristics of rod saturation until a much higher-than-normal luminance of background flash. The results suggest that rod system saturation with flashed backgrounds is strongly influenced by cones. PMID- 6610988 TI - Antiidiotypic immunosuppression and its treatment with human immunoglobulin preparations. PMID- 6610989 TI - [Changes in cellular and humoral immunity in facial neuritis]. PMID- 6610990 TI - [Microcirculatory disorders in patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhages complicated by hemorrhagic shock]. PMID- 6610991 TI - [Use of pulse currents in the treatment of chronic gastritis patients at the Mirgorod health resort]. PMID- 6610993 TI - [Determination of T lymphocytes by the detection of nonspecific esterase]. PMID- 6610992 TI - [Immunosuppressive treatment of severe aplastic anemia with high-dose methylprednisolone and antithymocyte globulin in 2 patients]. AB - This article describes the treatment of two patients with severe aplastic anaemia (SAA) by means of high-dose methylprednisolone ( HDMP ) and antithymocyte globulin (ATG). A complete normalization of the haematological data was obtained in one patient, which has persisted now for 10 months. ATG and HDMP seem to provide an alternative mode of treatment of SAA to bone marrow transplantation if there is no histocompatible bone marrow donor available. PMID- 6610994 TI - [Pathologico-anatomic findings in acquired immunologic deficiency syndrome (AIDS)]. PMID- 6610995 TI - [Effects of diucifon on immunological indicators and dynamics of the cutaneous process in eczema patients]. PMID- 6610996 TI - Rapid detection of beta-lactamase by PADAC test strip. AB - A total of 967 isolates of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were tested for the production of beta-lactamase by the PADAC test strip, and the results were compared with acidometric, disk diffusion and antibiotic dilution procedures. All the penicillinase producting strains of gonococci (23) and Haemophilus influenzae (36) gave positive results with PADAC, but the 361 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis remained negative. All of the 547 strains of penicillin sensitive strains of gonococci, Haemophilus and staphylococci were negative with PADAC test. PMID- 6610998 TI - [Comparative x-ray diffraction study of the crystalline lens in a number of vertebrates including man]. AB - X-ray diffraction method has been applied for comparative investigation of native structure of eye lens proteins (crystallins). X-ray diffraction patterns of the whole lenses and/or their nuclear parts were obtained for man and vertebrate animals. Crystalline lenses of the fishes Acerina cernua and Pelmatochromis kribensis, frog Rana temporaria, bull and man contain crystallins with a very similar secondary and tertiary structure, whereas lenses of chicks and the tortoise Testudo horsfieldi contain mainly crystallins with other structure. The results obtained reveal evolutionary conservatism of crystallin structure in fishes, amphibians and mammals. It was also concluded that there is no correlation between crystallin structure of the lens, elasticity of the latter and accommodation mechanism. PMID- 6610999 TI - [Dynamics of cardiac rhythm in hypobiosis in the frog Rana temporaria]. AB - Employing distant recording technique of the heart rate and motor activity in hypobiotic frogs, studies have been made of temporal characteristic of the diurnal dependence of the heart rate on natural diurnal behavioural periodicity. It was shown that during natural reversible hypobiosis, the circadian rhythm of the heart rate is preserved, being destroyed during irreversible hypobiosis. Typical patterns are presented of the circadian dynamics of the heart rate with a specific variation in R-R intervals of the ECG during reversible and irreversible hypobiosis. A discussion is made of the importance of preservation of self regulating mechanisms during hypobiosis, these mechanisms accounting for maintenance of a certain level of the activity in hypobiotic organism. PMID- 6610997 TI - [Brain proteolipids in representatives of different vertebrate classes]. AB - The Folch-Lees proteolipid complexes of different purity (crude proteolipids and relative pure proteolipids) were isolated from vertebrate brain: mammalia (Macaca irus, Macaca rhesus and white rat), birds (Columbia livia), reptilia (Testudo horsfieldi), amphibia (Rana temporaria) and fishes (Salmo irideus). The proteolipid complexes were isolated by emulsion-centrifugation method. The content of proteolipid protein (mg/g w. w.) correlates with the level of phylogenetic development of the animals studied. It is the highest in monkey brain (10.5 and 8.6 mg/g) and the lowest in fish brain (2.2 mg/g). The yield of proteolipids from the brains of animals studied shows the same pattern. Crude proteolipids of mammalia, birds and reptiles contain 40-50% of protein and 60-50% of lipids. The content of phospholipids is about 40%. Proteolipids of amphibia and fish brain contain less protein--about 30%. In the conditions of mild purification, the protein content in mammalia, birds and reptilia makes up about 70% and lipid content--about 30-35%. The crude and purified proteolipids in all the animals studied (as compared with the original lipid extracts from which they were isolated) are enriched in acid phospholipids: phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl inositol and diphosphatidyl glycerol. Acid phospholipids in total lipid extract make up 10-20% of total phospholipids, in crude proteolipids 16-32 and in purified proteolipids--56-75%. There are no marked differences between fatty acid composition of phospholipids in proteolipids and in the same phospholipids isolated from total lipid extract. PMID- 6611001 TI - [Therapy of experimental staphylococcal infection by the transfusion of allogeneic leukocytes]. AB - Severe nonlethal generalized staphylococcal infection was induced in guinea pigs by the intramuscular injection of S. aureus. On days 1, 3 and 5 after the infection the animals received intracardiac injections of leukocytes from intact donors. On any day of investigation following the injection of staphylococci (up to day 14) the number of colonies in the spleen of the animals subjected to immunotherapy was considerably lower than that in the spleen of the control animals. The treated animals showed a higher percentage of neutrophils with receptors for Fc-fragments of immunoglobulins and for complement, as well as higher levels of active T- and B-lymphocytes. The data thus obtained correspond to the results of clinical treatment and examination. PMID- 6611000 TI - [Facilitation phenomenon in the accessory and main olfactory bulbs of the frog Rana temporaria]. AB - It has been demonstrated that facilitation of orthodromic EP by paired electrical stimuli (which was observed earlier in the accessory olfactory bulb of the frog) is also realized in the main olfactory bulb. Facilitation phenomenon in both bulbs is revealed provided the conditioned EP is present before paired stimulation. The accessory olfactory bulb differs from the main one by a longer duration of facilitation. Possible nature of facilitation phenomenon is discussed. It is suggested that differentiation of the olfactory system into the main and accessory ones may be based on differences in the velocity of their activity. PMID- 6611002 TI - [Role of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in the etiology of acute pneumonias in the elderly]. AB - The quantitative study of microflora in the sputa of 158 patients and the serological analysis of the blood sera of 37 patients with diagnosed acute pneumonia were carried out. The occurrence of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae in diagnostic titers was, respectively, 55.1% and 5.7% in bacteriological study and 89.2% and 43.2% in serological analysis. The sensitivity of clinical strains to antibacterial preparations varied within a wide range: 99.8% to 58.8% for S. pneumoniae and 90.6% to 56.2% for H. influenzae. PMID- 6611003 TI - [Dynamics of the formation of anti-idiotypic antibodies in the course of the immune response]. AB - The work demonstrates that after the injection of a heterogenous antigen into rabbits the appearance of antibodies is followed by the "spontaneous" formation of anti-idiotypic antibodies. These anti-antibodies, detected by means of several serological reactions, are specific and have an idiotypic character. Circulating antibody--anti-idiotypic antibody complexes have been detected in the blood of the animals. The injection of autologous anti-idiotypic antibodies into the immunized animals ensures the stimulation of the formation of antibodies and anti idiotypic antibodies. Immunological memory with respect to anti-idiotypic antibodies develops in the body of the immunized animals. PMID- 6611004 TI - [Etiology of the infectious process in chronic pneumonia in children]. AB - During the phase of exacerbation in chronic pneumonia in children Streptococcus pneumoniae and/or Haemophilus influenzae were isolated practically from all patients under examination. In the mild form of chronic pneumonia in children the high occurrence of H. influenzae (65.5-69%) was observed. During the whole acute phase of the disease, irrespective of the activity of the infectious process and the character of therapeutic measures, the degree of contamination of bronchial washings from the patients with these microorganisms was 5.95-6.6 lg/ml. In the bronchiectatic variant of chronic pneumonia the high activity and stability of the infectious processes induced by S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae were found to be linked with the considerable spread of these processes or with deeper morphological and functional changes in the bronchial stem and branches. During the phase of clinical remission in chronic pneumonia in 36.8-58.8% of children the release of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae was observed. The geometric mean of their concentration varied within 3-5.3 lg/ml. PMID- 6611006 TI - [Computer tomographic picture of the cerebral ventricles of patients with severe craniocerebral injuries]. AB - The computer-tomographic picture of the brain was studied in 80 patients with severe closed craniocerebral trauma. Changes in the ventricles demonstrated on the tomograms are described. They comprised diffuse dilation of the ventricles in acute and chronic traumatic hydrocephalus, and displacement of the midline, deformity and compression of the ventricular system in intracranial hematomas. On the basis of displacement of the lateral ventricles and median structures of the brain, the author attempts to objectify the degree of the severity of the patients' condition and prognosticate the outcome of the craniocerebral trauma. PMID- 6611005 TI - [Immunological effectiveness of the combined vaccination of donors with inactivated chromatographic influenza vaccine and adsorbed staphylococcal anatoxin]. AB - The influence of combined immunization with inactivated chromatographic vaccine and adsorbed staphylococcal toxoid on the activity of the immune system of volunteer donors has been studied. With the T- to B-cell ratio in the peripheral blood remaining stable, the third injection of staphylococcal toxoid induces a certain suppression of the capacity of lymphocytes for blast transformation in the presence of mitogen and specific antigens. The intensity of the accumulation of anti-alpha-staphylolysin is subject to considerable individual variations and depends on its level prior to immunization. The level of influenza antihemagglutinins remains most stable when the interval between the injection of inactivated chromatographic influenza vaccine and the beginning of immunization with adsorbed staphylococcal toxoid is 3-6 months. PMID- 6611007 TI - Vitamin D levels and trabecular bone remodelling before and after surgery for medullary thyroid carcinoma. AB - We previously reported increased mean serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D) and increased trabecular bone remodelling in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MCT) and hypercalcitoninaemia. In the present paper we report that serum 1,25-(OH)2D and trabecular bone remodelling decreased following surgical cure for MCT and hypercalcitoninaemia in 4 patients despite no detectable post surgical hypoparathyroidism or hypothyroidism. The results obtained in the present small number of patients suggest that the altered vitamin D metabolism and trabecular bone remodelling in patients with MCT is caused by the hypercalcitoninaemia. PMID- 6611008 TI - Active E. Rosette forming cells in liver and connective tissue diseases. PMID- 6611009 TI - Adult T-cell leukemia cells as effector cells in natural killer cell and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity assays. PMID- 6611010 TI - Hemopoietic stem cell kinetics in mice bearing CSF-producing fibrosarcoma. PMID- 6611011 TI - Periodic fluctuation of leukocytes, platelets and reticulocytes in a case of chronic myelocytic leukemia: the relation between leukocyte counts, CFU-C colony formation, CSA and CIA. PMID- 6611012 TI - Microwave method for determining dielectric parameters of living biological objects. III. Study of water binding in frog nerve. AB - Dielectric constant and loss of frog nerve was determined at 6.3 GHz frequency and 20-50 degrees C temperature by a microwave cavity resonator measuring method developed by us. As a result of temperature denaturation the dielectric constant of frog nerve decreases, while its dielectric loss increases. According to our measurements the volume of bound water in nerve is approximately 0.44 ml/l ml dry material. The activation energy of water in the nerve is 16.8 kJ/mol. PMID- 6611013 TI - Pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein, SP1, in maternal serum during uncomplicated single pregnancies. AB - Pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) levels in uncomplicated single pregnancies were measured by radioimmunoassay from the time of ovulation until the 8th week of pregnancy in 129 blood samples from 78 women. SP1 was detectable in all samples examined from 34 days after the last menstrual period (LMP), and thereafter the SP1 level increased rapidly with time and 38 to 40 days after LMP the geometric mean SP1 concentration was 90 micrograms/l. From pregnancy weeks 8 to 41, SP1 levels were measured by nephelometry in 1255 blood samples from 1255 women. A 95% reference range was established using logarithmic transformation. There was a steady increase in the SP1 concentration until the last month of pregnancy, in which a tendency to level off was seen, the geometric mean levels ranging from 149 to 170 mg/l. The day-to-day variation was studied during 5 consecutive days in 10 women. No significant variation was found. The diurnal variation was studied in blood samples taken every 4th hour during a 24-hour period form 10 women. A significant decrease was found at midnight and at 4 a.m. The elimination rate of SP1 from serum was studied in 10 women following labor. Elimination was non-linear and the time taken for SP1 to decrease to 50% ranged from 24 to 50 hours. No correlation was found between the concentration of SP1 and parity, maternal age, or the sex of the infant. The SP1 concentration was significantly lower in heavier women (greater than 70 kg) than in lighter women (less than or equal to 70 kg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6611014 TI - Pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) levels measured by nephelometry in serum from women with vaginal bleeding in the first half of pregnancy. AB - Pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) levels were measured by nephelometry in sera from 107 women admitted to hospital because of vaginal bleeding in weeks 8 to 20 of pregnancy. The SP1 results were compared with those in single samples from 655 women and serial samples from 9 women with uncomplicated single pregnancies in the same period. The possibility of predicting the outcome of a pregnancy complicated by vaginal bleeding was calculated on the basis of the SP1 level on admission to hospital. In 65% a normal SP1 value predicted continuation of pregnancy, whereas a low SP1 value invariably predicted spontaneous abortion. PMID- 6611015 TI - Reduction of the sucrose-saline interdiffusion in the sucrose gap technique by controlled compression of the extracellular space in myocardial preparations. AB - The time course and the extent of the sucrose-saline interdiffusion in the sucrose gap technique was investigated experimentally. 14C-sucrose diffusion and voltage clamp experiments were performed with designs of the sucrose apparatus allowing accurate control of the size of the holes in the rubber partitions defining the sucrose gap. Experiments with frog ventricular strips demonstrated that compression of the extracellular space to around 15% of its undisturbed value was possible without disturbance of the intracellular conduction pathway. The procedure reduced the sucrose-saline diffusion significantly and proved indispensible for obtaining reliable voltage-current relations in voltage clamp experiments. PMID- 6611016 TI - Effects of amrinone on twitch, tetanus and force-velocity relationship in frog skeletal muscle. PMID- 6611017 TI - Prevalence of mental disorder in an urban population in central Sweden. AB - The principal reason for this epidemiological study was the lack of psychiatric morbidity studies in a predominantly urban population, by psychiatrists in direct interviews. The psychiatric examination, covering 1970-71, included a representative selection of 2,283 persons, 18-65 years old from "former" Stockholm County, and the 12-month prevalence of mental disorders was measured. The total of non-participants was 12%. Forty-seven percent had a psychiatric diagnosis - significantly more women (54%) than men (40%). Excluding the psychosomatic diagnoses, 31% of the population received a psychiatric diagnosis, which agrees closely with other contemporary studies of mental disorder in the Nordic countries. The primary diagnoses were: neuroses 26%, psychosomatic diagnoses 16%, schizophrenic/paranoid conditions or other psychoses 0.6%, affective disorders 0.2%, psychoorganic syndromes 1.2%, psychopathy 0.2%, character neurosis 1%, drug dependence 0.2% (as a primary or a secondary diagnosis 0.6%), alcoholism 1.4% (as a primary or a secondary diagnosis 3.1%) and mental retardation 0.4% (as a primary or a secondary diagnosis 0.8%). PMID- 6611018 TI - Hemophilia in Sweden. Studies on demography of hemophilia and surgery in hemophilia and von Willebrand's disease. AB - Demography: All known hemophiliacs in Sweden, 564 cases, were subjected to a demographic survey in 1980. The ratio of hemophilia A/B was 81/19. The severe cases constituted 30% and the mild 54%. Mean and median ages for mild and moderate hemophiliacs did not differ from those of Swedish males but were approximately 10 years lower in the severe cases. The prevalence was 7 per 100,000 population. The incidence remained constant at 1.7 (+/- 0.1) per 10,000 live-born males in the period 1957-1978. Mortality: In the period 1957-1980, there was a substantial increase in the median age at death among 118 deceased hemophiliacs. This increase was most pronounced in severe hemophilia, from 19 to 50.5 years. Intracranial hemorrhage accounted for one third of the deaths. Six deaths were attributed to hepatic dysfunction caused by hepatitis. Age related deaths (ischemic heart disease and malignancy) increased from 8 % to 32 %. Longevity: Median life expectancy of hemophiliacs in Sweden increased faster than the median life expectancy of the male population. In the beginning of the century, severe hemophiliacs faced a median life expectancy of about 11 years which had increased to 58 years by 1969-1980. Median life expectancy in mild and moderate hemophilia was 72 years, only three and a half years less than the corresponding age for Swedish males. Surgery in hemophilia and von Willebrand's disease: Three hundred and twelve operations (225 in hemophilia and 87 in von Willebrand's disease) were performed on 180 patients (121 hemophiliacs) in the period 1956-1983 at the General Hospital in Malmo. During the first years reconstructive orthopedic surgery dominated among young, severely affected, hemophiliacs but in recent years surgical diseases unrelated to the bleeding disorders increased. Ninety-seven operations were indicated by ailments caused by the bleeding disorders, mainly hemophilic arthropathy and pseudotumours. In another 72 operations the bleeding disorders were considered a contributing factor, mainly gastric surgery for ulcers, hysterectomy indicated by menometrorrhagia and subdural hematomas. Reconstructive orthopedic surgery was almost exclusively performed in hemophilia but gastric surgery was more common in von Willebrand's disease. The operations claimed three fatalities. It was considered essential to extend the substitution therapy to at least two weeks, especially in orthopedic surgery and in severe hemophilia. Furthermore, it was of the utmost importance to have access to laboratory facilities for repeated determinations of VIII:C/IX:C in hemophilia, Duke bleeding time in von Willebrand's disease, and to exclude the presence of inhibitors. PMID- 6611019 TI - Cerebral blood volume, blood flow, and oxygen metabolism in cerebral ischaemia and subarachnoid haemorrhage: an in-vivo study using positron emission tomography. AB - A characteristic sequence of metabolic and haemodynamic changes has been shown to occur in the brain as cerebral perfusion pressure is reduced in experimental animals. Increased cerebral blood volume (CBV) occurs initially, followed by a fall in blood flow (CBF) and, finally, a fall in oxygen metabolism (CMRO2). By measuring CBV, CBF, and CMRO2 with positron emission tomography in patients with vasospasm associated with subarachnoid haemorrhage and in patients with arteriosclerotic occlusion or stenosis of extraparenchymal cerebral arteries, we have demonstrated the presence of similar changes distal to such lesions in man. These findings suggest the presence of a local decrease in perfusion pressure. This study demonstrates the utility of positron emission tomography in the assessment of cerebral circulation and metabolism in man. Measurements of regional CBV must be included for a complete assessment of the dynamics of the cerebral circulation. PMID- 6611021 TI - Intracranial gangliogliomas. AB - Five cases of intracranial gangliomas in their clinical, diagnostic and surgical aspects are presented. In four cases we arrived at the diagnosis by CT-scan, which showed in all of them, calcified lesions without a mass effect. Total surgical resection was performed in four cases, and there is no evidence of recurrence either clinically or in the CT-scan after different follow-up periods. Although infrequent, these kinds of tumours should enter the differential diagnosis at any time when there a calcified mass exists in children or young patients with a long history of seizures. In our experience, seizures were the most important sign in all cases with supratentorial gangliogliomas. PMID- 6611020 TI - Rupture of intracranial aneurysms and ventricular opacification during carotid angiography. AB - Two cases of rupture of intracranial aneurysms and opacification of the lateral ventricles occurring during carotid angiography are reported and X-rays of the haemorrhage from the aneurysms are presented. Though the possibility of this complications remains a real one, the early use of this valuable procedure should not be precluded. PMID- 6611023 TI - Intracranial cysticercosis. Report of two cases. PMID- 6611022 TI - Haemangioblastomas of the posterior cranial fossa. AB - The clinical features, diagnostic and surgical aspects of haemangioblastoma of the posterior cranial fossa are discussed in the light of a series of 61 personal cases and the published data. CT and vertebral angiography are compared as diagnostic tools. With the aid of microsurgery even haemangioblastomas of the brainstem and fourth ventricle can be removed successfully. PMID- 6611024 TI - Monoclonal antibody-defined T-cell surface phenotypes in blood and cerebrospinal fluid from children with acute aseptic meningitis or meningoencephalitis. PMID- 6611025 TI - Non-use and cessation of cannabis use: neglected foci of drug education. AB - Analysis of responses from a large sample of students (grades 7-13) indicated that a large proportion of students reported never having tried cannabis, and the majority of those who had tried the drug reported no longer using it. Multivariate analyses, employing Multiple Classification Analysis procedures, identified those variables most strongly associated with initially trying cannabis and with discontinuing its use. These results indicated that some variables had a similar relationship to these two aspects of cannabis use, but other variables were related exclusively either to trying cannabis or to continuing its use. Implications for education and other preventive interventions are highlighted. PMID- 6611027 TI - Factors affecting the equatorial X-ray diffraction pattern from contracting frog skeletal muscle. AB - Changes in the equatorial X-ray diffraction pattern from tetanized frog sartorius muscles (Rana catesbiana ) were studied by use of time-resolved data collection technique (time resolution, 0.5 sec) to give information about the dynamic properties of the cross-bridges. No significant changes in the intensity ratio of two equatorial reflections (I1,0/I1,1) were observed when isometrically contracting muscles were slowly stretched by 5-6%, in spite of marked force changes. The intensity ratio also showed no significant changes when the load on isometrically contracting muscles was suddenly increased from Po to 1.2-1.5 Po to produce isotonic muscle lengthening. Closer examination of the data indicated that a small decrease in the value of I1,1 was caused by both slow stretch and isotonic lengthening. Because of the scatter of experimental plots in I1,0, the effect of small change in I1,1 on the intensity ratio fell within the range of accuracy of measurement. It is suggested that no marked changes in myosin head orientation or in the number of the cross-bridges in the vicinity of the thin filaments take place in response to slow stretches or isotonic lengthening, and that the decreased regularity of the filament lattice may produce the change in I1,1. PMID- 6611026 TI - A cognitive-behavioral approach to substance abuse prevention. AB - The effectiveness of a 20 session cognitive-behavioral approach to substance abuse prevention was tested on seventh grade students (n = 1,311) from 10 suburban New York junior high schools. The prevention strategy attempted to reduce intrapersonal pressure to smoke, drink excessively, or use marijuana by fostering the development of general life skills as well as teaching students tactics for resisting direct interpersonal pressure to use these substances. Additionally, this study was designed to compare the relative effectiveness of this type of prevention program when implemented by either older peer leaders or regular classroom teachers. Results indicated that the prevention program had a significant impact on cigarette smoking, excessive drinking, and marijuana use when implemented by peer leaders. Furthermore, significant changes were also evident with respect to selected cognitive, attitudinal, and personality predisposing variables in a direction consistent with non-substance use. These results provide further support for the efficacy of a broad-spectrum smoking prevention strategy and tentative support for its applicability to the prevention of other forms of substance abuse. PMID- 6611028 TI - Connecting filaments, core filaments, and side-struts: a proposal to add three new load-bearing structures to the sliding filament model. AB - This report concerns structural forces in resting muscle and proposes three additions to the sliding filament model to account for these mechanical properties. The proposal includes: connecting filaments (C-filaments) which connect the ends of each thick filament to the neighboring Z-lines, core filaments which support the myosin of the thick filament and which attach to the C-filaments, and side-struts which bind the thick filaments together along their length and restrict their radial movement. C-filaments would act as the parallel elastic element and transmit the passive tension to the thick filaments. Isolated myofibrils (mechanically-skinned and detergent-treated frog semitendinosus fibers) when stretched progressively showed exponentially-increasing passive tension which did not disappear when filament overlap was exceeded, but continued to rise. SL was monitored with a HeNe laser. Passive tension phasically exceeded 3 X 10(5) N/M2. Electron microscopy (thin-sectioned and freeze-fracture/deep-etch specimens) of non-overlap fibers showed orderly fibril structure with clear separation of A- and I-bands. In the gap between them could be seen filaments, 40 50 A in diameter, connected to the thick filament ends. Unlike actin, these filaments did not become decorated by myosin S-1. Equatorial X-ray measurements showed that stretching relaxed skinned muscles squeezed the thick filaments closer; this radial compression continued beyond filament overlap. Extreme stretch of fibers caused the thick filaments to strain several-fold. Treatment of non-overlap fibers with a high ionic strength pyrophosphate myosin solvent caused a large drop in passive tension and stiffness, but no change in SL was detected nor was myofibril continuity detectably affected. Non-overlap fibrils, when treated with elastase, released A-segments which retain three-dimensional coherency . Deep-etch EM's of non-overlap fibers disclosed abundant structures (about 75 A) wide attaching adjacent thick filaments. PMID- 6611029 TI - Changes in intracellular Ca2+ induced by shortening imposed during tetanic contractions. AB - Calcium transients, monitored by aequorin, and force were recorded simultaneously during tetanic contractions of isolated frog skeletal muscle fibers. Quick length changes were applied to the fibers during contractions at sarcomere lengths on the descending limb of the length-tension relationship. Previous experiments showed that regulatory Ca2+ binding sites are apparently saturated during a plateau of tetanic force development at these sarcomere lengths. However, quick releases of greater than 4 to 5% of fiber length produced a momentary fall in the calcium transient that followed a time course similar to the redevelopment of force. The fall in the Ca2+ transient after a release was maximum at striation spacings about half way along the descending limb (2.6-2.7 microns), which suggests it is not related to an increase in the number of Ca2+ binding sites distributed uniformly along the filaments. The effect was absent or barely detectable when highly stretched fibers were released during contraction. The fall in the Ca2+ transient was unrelated to the time during a tetanus that a release was made or to the velocity of the release. One explanation of these results is that complexes between actin and myosin are broken by a sudden reduction of length, and as they reform during the recovery of force the affinity of troponin for Ca2+ increases. Quick stretch had no effect on the rapid decay of Ca2+ transients, but stretch increased peak force and slowed relaxation for almost a second after the end of stimulation. Evidently the decrease in the rate of relaxation produced by stretch is unrelated to changes in the amount of Ca2+ released or the rate of Ca2+ removal, which supports suggestions that the kinetics of muscle relaxation are determined by more than one mechanism. The apparent increase in the overall duration of mechanical activity after stretch probably results from the longitudinal inhomogeneity in the duration of activity known to occur during relaxation - coupled with the decreased compliance of stretched fibers. PMID- 6611030 TI - Sarcomere length changes in single frog muscle fibres during tetani at long sarcomere lengths. AB - Laser diffraction and photomicrography have been used to monitor sarcomere length changes in single muscle fibres of the frog, at long sarcomere lengths, during fixed end tetani. In the central 90% of all fibres, changes in sarcomere length were consistently less than 0.25 micron. Sarcomere length showed an initial rapid change, followed by a progressively slower increase, which persisted throughout a 4s tetanus. Sarcomere length in the terminal 200-400 microns segment at each end of a fibre decreased rapidly by up to 1 micron in the first second of a tetanus. This shortening was accompanied by a marked increase in disorder of the striation pattern. Maximum isometric tensions in fixed end tetani were much greater than those predicted by crossbridge theory over the entire range of sarcomere lengths studied. An analysis of the intersarcomere dynamics suggests that this extra tension may be explained by known phenomena on the basis of a progressive increase in sarcomere length dispersion along the fibre. PMID- 6611031 TI - Length-tension-velocity relationships studied in short consecutive segments of intact muscle fibres of the frog. AB - Length changes of consecutive, 0.5-0.8 mm long segments of frog single muscle fibres were studied by photoelectric recording of opaque markers placed on the fibre surface. There was a marked redistribution of segment length during an ordinary isometric contraction (fixed fibre ends) at both 2.15 and 2.6-2.8 microns sarcomere length. This length redistribution can explain the tension 'creep' that occurs during standard isometric contractions on the descending limb of the length-tension relation. Length clamp of individual segments eliminated tension creep completely. Active force of length-clamped segments was investigated within the range 2.20-3.65 microns sarcomere length. The descending limb of the length-tension relation (determined in segments where no tension creep occurred) was not strictly linear but had a slightly sigmoid shape. Active force was reduced to zero at a sarcomere length close to 3.65 microns. While isometric force varied only moderately between different segments, the velocity of unloaded shortening (V0) was found to vary greatly (by 22-50%) along the length of a fibre. V0 did not correlate with the passive resistance to a length change, the isometric force or the cross-sectional area of the individual segments. Local differences of the internal milieu and/or coexistence of myosins of different kinetic properties within a single fibre may account for the observed differences in V0. PMID- 6611032 TI - Some specific predictions and experiments on single myofibrillar mechanics. AB - The length-tension relationship of myofibrils approximately 50 sarcomeres long from skinned single atrial cells was measured. All sarcomeres were observable throughout the experiments. The tension developed at submaximal Ca2+ concentrations consistently increased with the sarcomere length. PMID- 6611033 TI - Changes in [Ca2+]i induced by rapid cooling of single skeletal muscle fibres treated with low concentration of caffeine. AB - In single skeletal muscle fibres treated with low concentration of caffeine, lowering the bathing solution temperature from 18 degrees C to below 7 degrees C increased [Ca2+]i in three phases depending on caffeine concentration and temperature. Tension could be fully developed (rapid cooling contracture, RCC) by the second phase of the released Ca2+. The second and third phases were inhibited by low concentrations of procaine, and the first phase was blocked by a higher one. RCC was observed even in Ca2+-free solution. The mechanism of [Ca2+]i changes and RCC during cooling was discussed. PMID- 6611034 TI - Contractile responses to MgATP and pH in a thick filament regulated muscle: studies with skinned scallop fibers. AB - The striated adductor of the Atlantic deep sea scallop ( Placopecten magellanicus ), a thick filament regulated muscle, contains little or no troponin. We examined the effect on activation of two agents (MgATP and pH) that alter the contractile threshold of thin filament regulated muscle, presumably through effects on troponin, to see if they also alter that of thick filament regulated muscle. We find that decreasing MgATP from 2 to 0.1 mM shifts the force-pCa curve of chemically skinned scallop muscle to the left by about 0.8 log units (i.e. Ca2+ sensitivity increases some six-fold). Under similar conditions the force-pCa relation of frog skinned fibers shifts leftward by almost the same amount, 0.7 log units ( Godt , 1974). The force-pCa curve of scallop was unaffected by a decrease in pH from 7 to 6.5. It is especially interesting because: A) the force pCa relation of skinned fibers from frog (Robertson and Kerrick , 1979) and striated adductor of the Pacific scallop ( Chlamys hastata hericia ) ( Donaldson , unpublished observations) is shifted to the right by about 0.5 log units over this pH range. Furthermore, B) decreasing pH is reported to decrease the calcium affinity of Placopecten myofibrils ( Chantler et al., 1981). Thus the molecular details of thick filament regulation appear to be more complex and varied than hitherto supposed. PMID- 6611035 TI - Symmetric and asymmetric processes in the mechano-chemical conversion in the cross-bridge mechanism studied by isometric tension transients. AB - The substrate concentration dependence of isometric tension transients in response to a quick stretch and release of glycerinated muscle fibers was studied during the first few seconds with a time resolution of submilliseconds . Observed tension transients apparently comprise five rate processes, which are named process (1), (1'), (2), (3) and (4) in order of fast to slow. It was found that they might be classified into two groups: one is composed of processes (1), (1') and (4) and the other of processes (2) and (3). The processes belonging to the first group give a symmetric response with respect to the direction of the length change such that not only the rate but also the fraction of the processes are about the same in magnitude for stretch and release. However, this is not the case for the processes belonging to the second group, which give an asymmetric response. In addition, the rate of the processes belonging to the second group depends on substrate concentration while the rate of those belonging to the first group does not when substrate concentration is higher than a few tens of micromolar. The symmetric processes are attributed to mechanical changes in the property of cross-bridge whereas the asymmetric ones to those accompanying chemical changes. The early tension recovery phase is comprised not only of processes (1) and (1') but also of (2) whose rate is proportional to substrate concentration and the square of substrate concentration for stretch and release, respectively. PMID- 6611036 TI - A comparison of muscle stiffness measurements obtained with rapid releases or stretches of frog semitendinosus fibers. AB - The stiffness-tension relationship has been studied during the isometric twitch. All experiments were carried out at 0 degrees C using small fiber bundles from frog semitendinosus. Rapid shortening and lengthening steps of 3-6 nm/hs, complete in 500 mu sec were given at various times during the twitch. Instantaneous stiffness was measured as the ratio of delta P to delta L and expressed as a relative change to the maximum values recorded at the plateau of an isometric tetanus. The time course of the stiffness changes followed the tension for both releases and stretches. However, the stiffness measured with a rapid stretch was higher than when measured with a rapid release. This raises the possibility that the instantaneous elasticity is non-linear in stretches. PMID- 6611037 TI - Tension transients in skinned muscle fibres of insect flight muscle and mammalian cardiac muscle: effect of substrate concentration and treatment with myosin light chain kinase. AB - Glycerinated single fibres from the dorsal longitudinal muscle of Lethocerus maximus were isometrically contracted in MgATP-salines (10 microM Ca2+; 1.5 mM Mg2+; pH 6.7; 22 degrees C and 20 mM PEP; 100 U/ml pyruvate kinase). The ratio of ATPase activity to tension decreased by a factor of 2 after reducing the ATP concentration from 15 to 0.5 mM. At all ATP-concentrations (0.5-15 mM), the fibres showed tension adjustments in response to small step changes in length characteristic to an actively contracting muscle: i) an elastic phase which did not depend on ATP-concentration ii) a quick phase of stress relaxation with at least two exponential components; iii) a phase of delayed tension generation. An increase in size of the length step and/or a decrease of ATP-concentration slowed the quick phase and the delayed phase. Similar results have been obtained with skinned cardiac muscle (pig right ventricle). To see, how the isolated contractile system is affected by an increase in the light chain phosphorylation, tension transients were studied in skinned right ventricular muscle fibres before and after incubation with ATP gamma S (2 mM), pure myosin light chain kinase (9 micrograms/ml), Calmodulin (1 microM) and Ca2+ (0.8 microM). While isometric tension development elicited by 20 microM Ca2+ in the ATP salt solution was barely affected in presence of the enzyme, the ATPase activity was decreased by about 25% of the control. There was also a marked decrease (about 50%) in the contraction velocity as determined by the recovery of tension following a quick release. Quick stretches cause an immediate increase in tension followed by a rapid fall and a subsequent rise in tension. The velocity of this tension rise decreased by approximately 30% after incubation with myosin light chain kinase. PMID- 6611038 TI - The kinetics of cross-bridge attachment and detachment studied by high frequency stiffness measurements. AB - Muscle fiber stiffness, supposedly an indication of attached cross-bridges, was measured throughout tetanic contraction and subsequent relaxation. Stiffness increased at a rate faster than the development of force during the rise of tetanic contraction and decreased more slowly than force during relaxation. One explanation for these results is that long-lived cross-bridge states may exist between attachment, force generation and detachment. PMID- 6611039 TI - Muscle stiffness changes during isometric contraction in frog skeletal muscle as studied by the use of ultrasonic waves. AB - In order to measure muscle stiffness changes with a high time resolution and with minimal disturbance to the contractile mechanism per se, we constructed an apparatus with which the propagation velocity of ultrasonic waves (MHz region) in the longitudinal or transverse direction was measured to serve as a measure of muscle stiffness. The longitudinal muscle stiffness started to increase on stimulation before the onset of isometric force, and reached a maximum before the peak twitch force. Analysis of experimental data indicated that, during an isometric tetanus, the increment of muscle longitudinal stiffness was about 6 X 10(7)N/m2, a value similar to those obtained by Truong (1974) and Ford et al. (1981) with sinusoidal vibrations (3 kHz) and length steps respectively. This suggests that the increment of muscle longitudinal stiffness during the activation of the contractile system results from the recruitment of an almost non-dispersive elastic component. In the case of transverse muscle stiffness, on the other hand, it started to decrease on stimulation before the onset of isometric force, and reached a minimum before the peak twitch force. Possible causes of this unexpected result is discussed in relation to the molecular mechanism of muscle contraction. PMID- 6611040 TI - Stretch of contracting muscle fibres: evidence for regularly spaced active sites along the filaments and enhanced mechanical performance. AB - Single frog skeletal muscle fibres were stretched during fused tetanic contractions. The force increase during stretch exhibited a breakpoint at a mean critical length change of 16.6 nm per half sarcomere that was independent of stretch velocity and sarcomere length. The early decaying extra force after stretch (component 2) was removed by a small quick release, leaving a longer lasting component (component 3). The amplitude of release required increased with time up to the angle in the force record during stretch, was constant for the remainder of the stretch and decreased with time after the end of stretch; it was consistently less than the critical amplitude of stretch (above). Component 3 occurred at sarcomere lengths above 2.3 microns and was amplitude dependent. The final force after stretch was usually higher than the isometric force at the starting length of the stretch. Non-uniformity as a cause of this component was examined by (a) laser diffraction studies which showed sarcomere stretch at all locations and (b) 0.6-0.7 mm long segments along the entire fibre which all elongated during stretch. After stretch the sarcomeres and segments were significantly more stable than during control isometric tetani. Segments which were clamped by a servo system demonstrated component 3. Shortening during contraction followed by stretch back to the starting length led to nearly as much force enhancement as stretch alone, suggesting that component 3 is not due to a passive elastic element recruited during activation. An increase in temperature decreased components 1 (velocity dependent force during stretch) and 2 but increased component 3. The critical length features of component 2 suggest a cross-bridge mechanism. However, the sarcomere length dependence of all components differs from that of isometric force and from predictions based on filament overlap. PMID- 6611041 TI - Force-velocity relation and stiffness in frog single muscle fibres during the rise of tension in an isometric tetanus. AB - The force-velocity (T-V) relation and the force-extension (T1) relation are determined at present times and at increasing isometric tensions during a tetanic contraction in frog single muscle fibres in which the passive compliance in series with the sarcomeres was made very small. The slope of the instantaneous T1 relation, the fibre stiffness, increases roughly in proportion to the level of the rising isometric tension at which the measurements were made. The value of V0 (the velocity of shortening under zero load) is time-independent, whereas the force T exerted during shortening at any velocity V lower than V0 increases gradually with time after the beginning of the tetanus volley and attains its steady state level before the isometric tension has attained the tetanus plateau and the fibre stiffness its final value. It is concluded that the delay of the development of the isometric tension and of the fibre stiffness with respect to the development of the T-V relation is determined by a specific factor of the contractile process. It is interesting to note that in a cross-bridge model of contraction, in which the value of the rate constant for cross-bridge formation is moderate, the recruitment of actin sites which is measured by the characteristics of the instantaneous T-V relation, is expected to lead significantly the actual cross-bridge formation, which is measured both by the instantaneous isometric tension and by the instantaneous stiffness. PMID- 6611042 TI - Distilled water-induced contractions in dehydrated and skinned muscle fibers. AB - Dehydrated frog skeletal muscle fibers, prepared by simply immersing the muscle fibers in pure glycerol for 2-3 min, showed a marked sustained tension development in response to distilled water (DW). Similar DW-induced tension responses were also seen in mechanically skinned muscle fibers. The DW-induced mechanical responses were rapidly relaxed by a conventional relaxing solution. The marked reproducibility of the DW-induced responses, together with the simplicity of the dehydration procedure, indicates that the dehydrated fibers can be used as a substitute for the skinned fibers in studying the mechanism of contraction. PMID- 6611043 TI - The dependence on the distance of shortening of the energy output from frog skeletal muscle shortening at velocities of Vmax, 1/2Vmax and 1/4Vmax. AB - Shortening heat and work were measured, during and after the shortening, in contractions in which muscles shortened various distances (all ending at 2.05 micron of sarcomere length) at various velocities. Shortening heat and work were produced as a non-linear function of the distance shortened at velocities greater than 1/ 2Vmax , which was probably caused by a redistribution of the crossbridge population to different state(s) during the approach to the steady state. PMID- 6611044 TI - Simultaneous heat and tension measurements from single muscle cells. AB - Simultaneous force and heat measurements were made in single cells from skeletal muscle of the frog during isometric twitches and tetani at 10 and 0 degree C. A Hill- Downing type thermopile of low heat capacity was used. In twitches, peak force development was found to be well correlated with heat production at both temperatures, during posttetanic twitch potentiation (at 10 degrees C) and during posttetanic twitch depression (at 0 degree C). In a twitch at 0 degree C, heat production started less than 14 msec after the stimulus had begun, before force development. As in whole muscle, the heat during a tetanus could be separated into two components: an early component produced at an exponentially decreasing rate, labile heat, and a steady rate, stable maintenance heat rate. Increasing temperature from 0 to 10 degrees C doubled the stable maintenance heat rate. At the higher temperature the time constant of labile heat production was halved and the quantity of labile heat decreased. When two tetani were given at 10 degrees C, a 5 min rest interval was required before the second tetanus produced the same force and heat as the first. At 0 degree C this interval was at least 10 min. With shorter intervals, both heat and force were depressed. At 10 degrees C both were depressed equally but at 0 degree C the effect on heat was greater than on force. At both temperatures labile heat was depressed to a greater extent than the stable maintenance heat rate. Results are interpreted in terms of possible calcium-parvalbumin interaction during a tetanus. PMID- 6611045 TI - Immunological expression of gangliosides in multiple sclerosis and in a demyelinating model disease in rabbits. AB - Accumulating evidence suggests that the process of demyelination in MS might involve an autoimmune response to one or more myelin components. A combination of myelin basic protein and myelin haptens was considered as possibly enhancing a cellular or humoral autoimmune reaction in MS. In line with this motion we have used an in-vitro E-rosette assay that correlates with in-vivo delayed hypersensitivity to demonstrate specific immunologic sensitivity of lymphocytes from MS patients to polysialogangliosides. A recent report that only lymphocytes from patients in relapse, but not in remission, are primed by gangliosides, underscores the relevance of the antigenic expression of gangliosides during the active pathological phase of the disease. The antigenic capacity of gangliosides to induce upon immunization a neurological disorder featured by demyelination in the CNS was demonstrated in rabbits. This and previous reports on the induction of peripheral demyelination in rabbits immunized with gangliosides will be further analyzed to gain insight on the possible role of these myelin lipid components as targets for an autoimmune mechanism in MS. PMID- 6611046 TI - Gadolinium-DTPA as a contrast agent in MRI: initial clinical experience in 20 patients. AB - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 20 patients before and after intravenous administration of gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd DTPA) in a dose of 0.1 mmol/kg. Twelve of the patients had clinical and histologic diagnoses of cerebral tumor, six had hepatic tumors, one had hepatic cysts, and one had transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Contrast enhancement was seen with all tumors, but not with the hepatic cysts. The degree of enhancement was greater than that seen with computed tomography (CT) in 13 cases, equal to it in six, and less in one. Contrast enhancement was detectable as long as 18 hr after injection of Gd-DTPA in one case of cerebral tumor. The margin between cerebral tumor and peritumoral edema could be delineated with contrast-enhanced MRI to the degree possible with contrast-enhanced CT. In the liver isointense enhancement was seen with saturation-recovery (SR), inversion recovery (IR), and spin-echo (SE) sequences although not with all three sequences simultaneously. In general IR sequences were most sensitive for display of the contrast agent, but the enhancement often decreased the difference between abnormal and normal tissue. No short-term side effects were encountered and no significant change was seen in urea, creatinine, electrolytes, liver function tests, blood coagulation, or urine testing after injection of Gd-DTPA. Although much more work will be required to evaluate this contrast agent, these initial experiences are very promising. PMID- 6611047 TI - CT features of rounded atelectasis of the lung. AB - Rounded atelectasis is an uncommon but increasingly recognized benign form of peripheral lung collapse. The three patients described here had pleural-based lung masses considered initially to represent carcinoma. On computed tomography, a characteristic appearance of eight major and five minor signs of rounded atelectasis of the lung were found. In conjunction with other radiologic evaluations, these allowed the patients to be confidently managed without exploratory thoracotomy. PMID- 6611048 TI - Sonographically guided needle biopsy for diagnosis of thoracic lesions. AB - Fluoroscopically guided percutaneous biopsy of thoracic lesions is widely accepted. However, some lesions are not sufficiently visible on fluoroscopy. When this is the case, sonographic guidance may be helpful. Real-time sonographically guided needle biopsy was performed in 38 such cases, including 27 pulmonary nodules adjacent to the chest wall, three mediastial tumors, five chest wall masses, and three pleural lesions. Definitive diagnoses were made in 30 cases (78.9%), including 21 (91.3%) of 23 malignancies and nine (60%) of 15 benign lesions. Sonographically guided needle biopsy could be performed safely and easily, taking advantage of the real-time monitoring of needle position for the pulmonary masses located adjacent to the chest wall, even when fluoroscopic or CT guidance was not effective. It is suitable for biopsying chest wall tumors, pleural lesions, and anterior mediastinal masses. It is particularly suited to biopsying small pulmonary nodules adjacent to the chest wall, nodules in the apical or juxtadiaphragmatic regions, and those obscured by pleural effusion. PMID- 6611049 TI - Computed tomography of the spleen and liver in sickle cell disease. AB - The spleen was assessed in 10 patients with sickle cell disease studied with computed tomography (CT) for abdominal pain and/or unexplained fever. Patients with homozygous sickle cell anemia were found to have small, densely calcified spleens with occasional low-density infarcts. Five of six had hepatomegaly, and there was one case each of hepatic abscess, infarcts, and hemochromatosis. All patients with heterozygous sickle cell disease were found to have splenomegaly, with a variety of findings including acute hemorrhage, acute and chronic infarcts, rupture, and possible sequestration. It was concluded that CT is useful for evaluating the status of the spleen and liver in symptomatic patients with sickle cell disease. PMID- 6611050 TI - Effect of examination time of day on the quality of real-time cholesonograms. AB - Real-time sector scans of the gallbladder and common hepatic duct were performed at 7:00 a.m., 1:00 p.m., and 5:00 p.m. on 16 volunteers eating a regular diet. Technically satisfactory but not ideal scans of the common duct could be obtained irrespective of dietary status or time of day. As the day progressed, about one half of subjects having gallbladder scans showed a significant decrease in bile volume, spurious gallbladder wall thickening, or compromised images from excessive intestinal gas. The data suggest that, if possible, gallbladder imaging should be performed early in the morning after overnight fasting, even when high resolution sector scanners are used. However, because nearly one-half of patients can have satisfactory scans under any circumstances, cholesonograms should be performed in emergency situations or in those instances where patients would suffer inconvenience or financial hardship by delay of the study for an additional day. PMID- 6611051 TI - Differentiation of complicated cholecystitis from gallbladder carcinoma by computed tomography. AB - Differentiation between complicated cholecystitis and advanced gallbladder carcinoma can be difficult when clinical findings are confusing. Computed tomographic (CT) scans were reviewed from 22 patients with a surgical diagnosis of complicated cholecystitis (11 cases) or advanced gallbladder carcinoma (11 cases). The presence of a curvilinear low-attenuation "halo" around the gallbladder wall was specific for complicated cholecystitis. Findings indicative of gallbladder carcinoma included a focal soft-tissue mass, biliary obstruction at the level of the porta hepatis, and direct hepatic invasion or metastases. Other findings, such as diffuse wall thickening, streaky soft-tissue densities in the pericholecystic fat, and thickening of the hepatoduodenal ligament, could be seen in both entities and, therefore, were less useful in differentiating these two disease processes. Knowledge of these differential CT findings may result in a more accurate preoperative diagnosis. PMID- 6611052 TI - Sonographic detection of subtle pelvic fluid collections. AB - The sonographic demonstration of small quantities of free intraperitoneal fluid often indicates significant pelvic pathology. In a review of pelvic fluid collections in 146 female patients, however, it became apparent that an overly distended urinary bladder may mask small quantities of free intraperitoneal fluid. The "mass effect" of a distended bladder may cause fluid in the pouch of Douglas to migrate to other parts of the peritoneal cavity, such as the peritoneal reflection over the fundus of the uterus. Fluid in this location produces a characteristic triangular "cap" and was present in 42 patients (29% of the study group). In 10 patients (6.9%) this was the only visible fluid collection. In addition, sonograms obtained after partial voiding demonstrated small quantities of free pelvic fluid in 14 patients (9.6% of the study group) that were not detected on routine full bladder scans. The sonographic appearance of small amounts of intraperitoneal fluid seen over the uterine fundus and the value of post-void scans are stressed in the demonstration of small quantities of intraperitoneal fluid. PMID- 6611053 TI - CT diagnosis of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. AB - Abdominal computed tomography was performed in six patients with suspected ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm but in whom an alternate clinical diagnosis was seriously considered. In each patient, a large aortic aneurysm was demonstrated in association with a retroperitoneal accumulation of high-density blood. The retroperitoneal blood was primarily confined to the extracapsular perinephric space. In four of the six patients, a focal area of the aortic wall was indistinct on the side of the retroperitoneal hemorrhage at the presumed site of rupture. Five of the six patients underwent emergency surgery, which confirmed the site of aneurysm, presence of rupture, and the location of fresh retroperitoneal blood. PMID- 6611054 TI - Esophageal ulceration induced by intracavitary irradiation for esophageal carcinoma. AB - Twenty-two patients with esophageal carcinoma had no local recurrence after external and intracavitary radiation treatment, but all developed ulcers in the field of intracavitary irradiation. Ten were linear ulcers that appeared 3-12 months after radiation treatment (mean, 5.3 months); the other 12 were the long circumferential type and appeared 1-8 months after irradiation (mean, 3.7 months). Esophagobronchial fistulae developed in two cases in which deep ulcer had been found between the completion of external irradiation and the beginning of intracavitary irradiation. In these cases with deep ulcer, intracavitary irradiation should not be done. For patients receiving intracavitary radiation, the total dosage should be less than 20 Gy. PMID- 6611055 TI - Fixed transverse folds in the esophagus: a sign of reflux esophagitis. AB - Scarring from reflux esophagitis is usually manifested by circumferential stricture formation. This article reports 17 cases in which double-contrast esophagography demonstrated fixed transverse folds in the esophagus, presumably secondary to longitudinal scarring from reflux esophagitis. In all cases, pooling of contrast material between the folds produced a series of horizontal, relatively parallel collections of barium in a "stepladder" arrangement. This appearance should be distinguished from linear ulcerations, tertiary esophageal contractions, and the delicate transverse striations that are occasionally observed as a transient phenomenon on the double-contrast examination. PMID- 6611056 TI - CT findings in ulcerative, granulomatous, and indeterminate colitis. AB - Eight patients with ulcerative colitis, three with colitis indeterminate, and 15 patients with Crohn disease were studied by computed tomography (CT) to establish CT criteria for each disorder in hopes of providing a new diagnostic perspective useful in the radiographic evaluation of inflammatory colitis. The CT findings in ulcerative colitis included thickening of the colon wall (mean, 7.8 mm), which was characterized by inhomogeneous attenuation and a "target" appearance of the rectum, and proliferation of perirectal fat. Bowel wall thickening (mean, 13 mm) with homogeneous attenuation, fistula and abscess formation, and mesenteric abnormalities were observed in patients with Crohn colitis. Patients with colitis indeterminate showed colonic changes on CT observed in both disorders. Initial experience suggests that CT can differentiate patients with well established ulcerative and Crohn colitis. PMID- 6611057 TI - Changing patterns in the evaluation of renal masses: economic implications. AB - This study compares the cost of evaluating renal masses at the Mayo Clinic before and after the use of sonography and computed tomography gained clinical acceptance. Two hundred two adult patients discovered to have renal masses in 1973 were compared with 204 patients discovered to have renal masses in 1980. After adjustment for inflation and differences in the frequency of the various diagnoses, the average cost of evaluating patients in 1980 was 30% less than the cost in 1973; this difference is statistically significant (p = 0.024). The reduction in cost is attributable primarily to a 77% decrease in the use of angiography. The largest reduction in cost occurred in the evaluation of malignant lesions. The study demonstrates that the clinical use of new imaging methods in the evaluation of renal masses can be associated with decreased costs for the patient. PMID- 6611058 TI - Hyperdense renal masses: a computed tomographic dilemma. AB - High-density renal masses are atypical lesions that represent a diagnostic dilemma for computed tomography (CT). The differential diagnosis includes mainly complicated benign cysts and malignant neoplasms. This report analyzes the CT findings in 17 cases of discrete, sharply marginated masses that initially exceeded the density of the uninvolved renal parenchyma, averaging 50 H or more. The subsequently proven pathologic entities responsible for these high attenuation values included primary malignancies in six patients, one of whom also had multiple retention cysts containing highly proteinaceous, gelatinous material; a hemorrhagic cysts with an associated desmoplastic, fibrotic reaction in one patient; and single or multiple hemorrhagic cysts in four patients. No histologic proof was obtained in six patients, three with neoplastic disease and one mentally retarded youth who underwent renal aspiration without sufficient material obtained for analysis. Two patients with presumed hemorrhagic cysts have had serial CT scans without interval change in 8-12 months. An approach to the therapeutic management of affected patients is described. PMID- 6611059 TI - Parallel-tract push: adjuvant technique for percutaneous removal of renal calix calculi. PMID- 6611060 TI - Retrograde nephrostomy for stone removal: combined cystoscopic/percutaneous technique. AB - The retrograde percutaneous nephrostomy, a new technique for access to the urinary tract for stone removal, involves cystoscopic placement of a 9 French catheter into a selected minor calix, through which a sheathed 20- or 21-gauge needle is then advanced to exit at the skin. The tract is then dilated over this needle. This technique has been used successfully in 38 patients with only three complications. The technique is more reliable and less time-consuming than the standard antegrade percutaneous approach, particularly in the nondilated pelvicaliceal system. However, to avoid damage to the liver, spleen, or pleural cavity, care must be taken to ensure that the needle does not exit in a cranial direction. PMID- 6611061 TI - Balloon obturation of the renal collecting system during percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy. PMID- 6611062 TI - Successful treatment of ergotism with nifedipine. PMID- 6611063 TI - Pelvic hemorrhage after percutaneous femoral angiography. PMID- 6611064 TI - Single-step placement of a self-retaining "accordion" catheter. AB - The "accordion" catheter was developed as an adjunct to the Hawkins needle guide to provide safe single-step percutaneous drainage. The Hawkins needle guide is a long, 22-gauge "skinny" needle-cannula system that can be used like any other skinny needle. It can also be used for drainage catheter placement. The accordion catheter is a 6.5 French Teflon catheter with a sigmoid tip. With the use of monofilament, the sigmoid tip can be retracted into a "T" configuration to prevent dislodgment. The 22-gauge needle guide, preloaded with an accordion catheter, can be manipulated safely while the drainage target is located. Then the accordion catheter can be advanced into the target over the needle guide. The "accordion" is easily formed, even in small targets. Successful drainage was achieved in 127 of 131 drainage procedures in which this technique was used. Sepsis did not occur as a complication in any of these procedures. PMID- 6611065 TI - Simple method for performing oblique CT-guided needle biopsies. PMID- 6611066 TI - Radial head-capitellum view in elbow trauma: clinical application and radiographic-anatomic correlation. AB - The radial head-capitellum view, first reported 2 years ago, has proved useful in the evaluation of elbow trauma. Minimally displaced or nondisplaced fractures of the radial head, capitellum, and coronoid process are better demonstrated on this special projection than on traditional radiographs of the elbow. To test the accuracy of this view, 50 patients with trauma to the elbow were examined and routine anteroposterior, lateral, and external oblique radiographs were compared with this special angled projection. In 10 patients, the conventional studies either were negative or failed to show the full extent of the fracture, whereas the radial head-capitellum view demonstrated the abnormality in every case. A human cadaver elbow specimen was used in a radiographic anatomic correlative study to further confirm the usefulness of this technique. It revealed that fractures of the posterior half of the radial head were particularly difficult to diagnose on the traditional lateral view. The radial head-capitellum view not only distinctly delineated these fractures, it showed the full extent of their articular displacement. The authors recommend the use of this technique in all cases of chronic and acute trauma to the elbow joint. PMID- 6611067 TI - Capitate-lunate instability: recognition by manipulation under fluoroscopy. AB - Videotape fluoroscopy was used to diagnose a previously undescribed carpal dissociation, the capitate lunate instability pattern. In eight patients with midcarpal pain and clicking, the examiner simultaneously applied pressure to the scaphoid tuberosity while applying longitudinal traction and flexion to the wrist under fluoroscopic control. This maneuver revealed dorsal subluxation of the proximal carpal row and capitate lunate subluxation in each of the eight patients. Plain radiography and arthrography were not helpful in the diagnosis. All eight cases were managed conservatively. Videotape fluoroscopy is the best radiologic method of diagnosing capitate-lunate instability. PMID- 6611068 TI - Parosteal lipoma with enlarging osteochondroma. PMID- 6611069 TI - Metrizamide evaluation of the esophagus in infants. AB - Barium and conventional hypertonic water-soluble contrast media (e.g., Gastrografin) are not ideal contrast agents in the evaluation of the esophagus when leakage into the mediastinum or aspiration into the lung is possible. Metrizamide (Amipaque) is water-soluble and can be well visualized in isotonic solution. Three cases are presented where metrizamide was used successfully in the evaluation of suspected esophageal perforation or tracheoesophageal fistula. PMID- 6611070 TI - Prenatal sonographic appearance of meconium ileus in twins. PMID- 6611071 TI - Localization of m-iodo(131I)benzylguanidine in neuroblastoma. PMID- 6611072 TI - Size, shape, and appearance of the normal female pituitary gland. AB - One hundred seven women 18-65 years old were studied who were referred for suspected central nervous system disease not related to the pituitary gland or hypothalamus. High-resolution, direct, coronal, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) was used to examine the size, shape, and density of the normal pituitary gland. There were three major conclusions: (1) the height of the normal gland can be as much as 9 mm; (2) the superior margin of the gland may bulge in normal patients; and (3) both large size and convex contour appear to be associated with younger age. It was also found that serum prolactin levels do not appear to correlate with the CT appearances. Both low- and high-density areas were seen within the gland, and may be due to either tumors, cysts, infarcts, or metastases. Noise artifacts inherent in high-detail, thin-section, soft-tissue scanning may be a limiting factor in defining reproducible patterns in different parts of the normal pituitary gland. PMID- 6611073 TI - High-resolution CT of temporal bone trauma. AB - Computed tomographic (CT) findings in 18 patients with temporal bone trauma were reviewed. Eight patients suffered longitudinal fractures of the petrous bone, which were associated with ossicular dislocation in two patients. Transverse fractures were detected in six patients, with a contralateral mastoid fracture in one patient. In four patients, the fractures were restricted to the mastoid region. Of the 14 patients in whom adequate neurologic evaluation was available, seven had a permanent facial nerve or hearing deficit while five suffered at least a transient neurologic deficit related to the temporal bone trauma. Routine head CT (10 mm sections) demonstrated only eight of 19 petrous bone injuries. Clues to such injury included opacification of the mastoid air cells (10 patients), sphenoid sinus (11 patients), external canal and middle ear air space (10 patients), and local pneumocephalus (five patients). Evidence of brain trauma or extraaxial hematoma was seen in 12 patients. In 13 cases, high-resolution CT was also performed, demonstrating temporal bone injuries in all. This latter technique allows rapid and detailed evaluation of temporal bone trauma. Reports of radiographic evaluation of temporal bone trauma tend to deal with a somewhat skewed population, selected on the basis of clinical symptomatology. In a major trauma center equipped with high-resolution CT, it was found that temporal bone fractures may be seen incidentally, or in patients in whom symptomatology related to temporal fracture is obscured by much more serious neurologic compromise. PMID- 6611074 TI - Comparison of computed tomography and complex motion tomography in the evaluation of cholesteatoma. AB - High-resolution axial and coronal computed tomographic (CT) scans were compared with coronal and sagittal complex motion tomograms in patients with suspected middle ear cholesteatomas. Information on CT scans equaled or exceeded that on conventional complex motion tomograms in 16 of 17 patients, and in 11 it provided additional information. Soft-tissue resolution was superior with CT. In 14 patients who underwent surgery, CT provided information that was valuable to the surgeon. On the basis of this study, high-resolution CT is recommended as the preferred method for evaluating most patients with cholesteatomas of the temporal bone. PMID- 6611075 TI - Xanthogranuloma of the choroid plexus. PMID- 6611077 TI - Systems for departmental management. PMID- 6611076 TI - Characteristics of breast cancer in an incident cancer population. AB - The effectiveness of film mammography is a source of concern to radiologists because neither the ribs nor retromammary space is included on the films in good quality examinations. One hundred seven incident cancers were detected in 10,034 self-referred women followed at the University of Michigan Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project (UM-BCDDP) for 5 years. These cancers were analyzed for location on the film, method of detection, size, histology, and the number of films required for detection. Mammography alone detected 52 (49%) of the cancers, whereas physical examination alone detected 15 (14%). The other 40 cancers were detectable on both examinations. All of the 92 cancers detected by mammography were visible in both the mediolateral and the craniocaudal views. Only 2.2% of these cancers were within 1 cm of the posterior edge of the film in the mediolateral view; 18.7% were within 1 cm of the posterior edge in the craniocaudal view. These incident cancers were smaller, and fewer were located within the posterior 1 cm of the breast than in a similar study using the UM BCDDP prevalent cancer population. Mammography consistently detected cancer in the breast, regardless of tumor size, histologic type, or location within the breast. PMID- 6611078 TI - ARRS presidential address. Be nimble, be learned, be compassionate. PMID- 6611079 TI - Radiology in Greenland: control from 5000 km. PMID- 6611081 TI - Air contrast vs. metrizamide in neonatal gasless abdomen. PMID- 6611080 TI - Hepatitis risk in performing interventional biliary procedures. PMID- 6611082 TI - Double-contrast imaging of anterior gastroduodenal wall. PMID- 6611083 TI - Decline in upper gastrointestinal studies. PMID- 6611084 TI - Postfracture pubic osteolysis simulating malignancy. PMID- 6611085 TI - Ascending aortic aneurysm after aortocoronary bypass grafting. PMID- 6611086 TI - Evaluation of the Directigen and Phadebact agglutination tests. AB - Comparison testing of the Directigen latex agglutination (LA) kit, the Phadebact coagglutination (COA) kit, and counter-immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) demonstrated that the commercial LA reagents were slightly more sensitive than the COA reagents for the detection of pneumococcal polysaccharide types 2, 4, 8, 9, 12, 19, 23, 25, 51, and 56, and meningococcal polysaccharide from Group C. The COA reagents were slightly more sensitive than the LA reagents for the detection of pneumococcal polysaccharide type 6A. The sensitivity of LA and COA reagents for the detection of Hemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide, pneumococcal polysaccharide types 1, 3, 14, and meningococcal Group A were equivalent. Purified meningococcal polysaccharides of Groups B, C, and W135 were detected uniformly by CIE but not with the COA reagent. The COA reagent reacted with antigen of Groups B, C, and W135 from broth culture but with less sensitivity than CIE. In general, CIE was the least sensitive method for detecting bacterial antigens. In addition, the commercial CIE antisera for H. influenzae type b, or meningococcal polysaccharides were susceptible to false negative results due to antigen excess. PMID- 6611087 TI - 111Indium leucocyte scanning in ampicillin-associated right-sided hemorrhagic colitis. AB - Hemorrhagic colitis is a rare but well-recognized complication with ampicillin or penicillin derivative treatment. Early colonoscopy has been advocated in establishing the diagnosis by demonstrating the characteristic pattern of only right-sided involvement and so distinguishing it from other colitides. We report a patient who developed colitis after amoxycillin therapy in whom 111Indium leucocyte scan demonstrated right-sided colitis which alerted us to the diagnosis. Discontinuation of the antibiotic resulting in rapid improvement, and return of the 111Indium leucocyte scan to normal in this patient suggests that ampicillin-associated colitis should not be considered purely as a hemorrhagic disease but may in some cases have an inflammatory component. PMID- 6611088 TI - Regenerated splenosis masquerading as gastric fundic mass. AB - A case of regenerated splenosis 20 years after splenectomy masquerading as a gastric fundic mass is reported. Several endoscopic examinations revealed an extramucosal extrinsic mass in the gastric fundus and a chain of small ulcers high along the lesser curvature. Radionuclide technetium scan and CT scan accurately detected the regenerated splenic tissue indenting the gastric fundus and thus obviated the need for angiography and exploratory surgery. PMID- 6611089 TI - Effects of thymocytes on marrow cells from normal and busulfan-treated mice. AB - To study the effects of thymocytes on hemopoiesis, we 1) cocultured marrow cells with and without thymocytes in an erythroid burst (BFU-E) culture system, 2) injected marrow cells with and without thymocytes into supralethally irradiated mice to assay CFU-S, and 3) assessed the survival of supralethally irradiated mice transplanted with marrow cells with or without thymocytes. The marrow cells used were either from mice given six injections of busulfan and then permitted to rest for 2, 5, or 10 weeks or from mice treated similarly with the busulfan vehicle alone. Thymocytes did not alter spleen surface colony counts or survivorship in any of the test groups. Thymocytes did effect an increase in BFU E cultured from marrow obtained from the vehicle-treated mice but not from marrow of busulfan-treated mice. Thus, in addition to decreasing the population of hemopoietic precursors in the marrow, busulfan alters the nature of the remaining early erythroid precursor cell population rendering it unresponsive to thymocytes in vitro. PMID- 6611090 TI - Systemic cell-mediated reactions in vivo. Effect of the interaction of circulating antigen with sensitized lymphocytes on glomeruli and pulmonary alveoli. AB - The effects of systemic cell-mediated hypersensitivity reactions on glomeruli and lungs were investigated in rats. The animals were given an intravenous injection of antigen 7 days after sensitization or were given an intravenous injection of lymph node cells from sensitized syngeneic donors 1 day after antigen injection. Control animals were given an irrelevant antigen or saline. All animals received three injections of 3H-thymidine during the course of the experiments. The animals were sacrificed 2 or 3 days after antigen injection. Autoradiographs of renal and pulmonary tissue showed significantly more labeled mononuclear cells in glomeruli and pulmonary alveolar walls in the experimental groups than in the control groups. Immunofluorescence studies did not reveal antigen, rat IgG, or C3 in glomeruli. The results indicate that systemic cell-mediated reactions can lead to an accumulation of mononuclear cells in glomeruli and lungs, an effect that may contribute to tissue injury. PMID- 6611091 TI - Sleep-promoting effects of endogenous pyrogen (interleukin-1). AB - When infused into the lateral cerebral ventricles of rabbits, human endogenous pyrogen (EP) preparations induced dose-dependent increases in slow-wave sleep concomitant with increasing body temperature. Heating EP to 70 degrees C destroyed its sleep-promoting and pyrogenic activity. Anisomycin (an antipyretic) prevented EP from increasing body temperature without affecting its sleep promoting activity. Intravenous injection of EP induced fever and transient increases in slow-wave sleep but failed to induce prolonged increases in slow wave sleep. We conclude that the somnogenic activity of EP is not secondary to its pyrogenic activity. PMID- 6611092 TI - Patterns of drug use from adolescence to young adulthood: I. Periods of risk for initiation, continued use, and discontinuation. AB - Patterns of initiation, continued use, and decline in drug use are described on the basis of detailed drug histories in a longitudinal cohort representative of former New York State adolescents. In this cohort, the period of major risk for initiation to cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana, is completed for the most part by age 20, and to illicit drugs other than cocaine by age 21. Those who have not experimented with any of these substances by that age are unlikely to do so thereafter. Initiation into prescribed psychoactive drugs occurs at a later age than for the licit and illicit drugs and continues through the age period covered by the survey. A potential maturational trend in marijuana use in this cohort is apparent with a decline beginning approximately at age 22.5 for most usage patterns. The periods of highest marijuana and alcohol usage decline beginning at ages 20-21 and contrast sharply with cigarettes which exhibit climbing rates of highest use through the end of the surveillance period (age 25). Overall patterns are similar for men and women, with men initiating all drugs at higher rates than women, except for prescribed psychoactives . PMID- 6611093 TI - Selective and nonselective shunts for variceal bleeding. A prospective study of 103 patients. AB - Based on the experience reported herein, the following conclusions have been made: (1) Although nonoperative means, including sclerotherapy, have an important role in the management of bleeding varices, they are not definitive means of treating recurrent variceal hemorrhage. (2) Because of the maintenance of hepatopetal flow and splanchnic venous hypertension, a selective shunt is associated with a lower incidence of encephalopathy and provides a better quality of life than does a nonselective shunt. Thus, an elective distal splenorenal shunt is the elective operation of choice for recurrent variceal hemorrhage. (3) Nonselective shunts can be performed with similar expectation of patient survival as selective shunts, but because of increased encephalopathy, should be reserved for emergency operations, in cases of unsuitable venous anatomy, and in those patients with intractable ascites. (4) A well-conceived elective shunt procedure can be performed with low operative mortality and long-term patency, results in significant survival, and is still considered the "gold standard" for treatment of variceal bleeding. PMID- 6611094 TI - [Nonsurgical treatment methods in urinary stress incontinence in women]. PMID- 6611095 TI - [Comparative studies of the effect of an interference current and microwaves in tubal and adnexal sterility]. PMID- 6611096 TI - Characterization of bovine herpesvirus-1 isolated from trigeminal ganglia of clinically healthy cattle. AB - Isolates of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) recovered from tissue explants of trigeminal ganglia of clinically healthy cattle were studied in vitro and in an animal model, and their characteristics were compared with those of vaccine and field strains of BHV-1. The isolates could be distinguished by their plaque size on cell monolayers, but were not significantly different in their thermal inactivation profiles at 48 C. Temperature-sensitive mutants were not found among the isolates when they were grown at 41 C. Selected isolates had different pathogenicity when inoculated in young rabbits. PMID- 6611097 TI - Late results of an extended devascularization procedure for patients with bleeding esophageal varices. AB - A procedure for control of variceal bleeding has been described that involves devascularization of the distal one-third of the esophagus and upper one-half of the stomach combined with a Nissen fundoplication performed through a left lateral thoracotomy and an incision in the left diaphragm. Transection of the truncal vagi is required to devascularize effectively the distal esophagus, and thus a pyloromyotomy or pyloroplasty is added. Twelve patients who were moderately high-risk candidates underwent this procedure for control of persistent hemorrhage. There were two postoperative deaths. Four late deaths occurred at 30, 32, 36, and 48 months in patients who continued drinking. Cause of death was uncontrolled esophageal bleeding (2) and liver failure (2). The six survivors have not rebled and are living and well at 24, 48, 54, 55, 55, and 92 months. PMID- 6611098 TI - [Treatment of portal hypertension in children]. AB - Esophageal transection by means of an anastomotic clip or button is a simple and useful approach to the management of haemorrhage due to esophageal varices. We have used this technique in four cases (three Prioton clips, and one autosuture) and completed the procedure with periesophageal, left gastric and fundal veins ligation. The patients have been followed up for periods ranging between five months and six years. No one has rebled. Splenoportographic controls showed good results of disconnection, and endoscopic follow up revealed variceal cure. There was no GER and in one single case we had to dilate for mild stenosis. This is a simple and effective procedure for the control of variceal haemorrhage in the short and middle ranges, and can induce cure directing portal flow through other alternative ways. PMID- 6611099 TI - Prognosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. PMID- 6611100 TI - Exogenous Aspergillus endophthalmitis. AB - A 49-year-old man developed Aspergillus endophthalmitis after a perforating corneal injury. The infection was successfully treated with antifungal therapy and surgery. PMID- 6611101 TI - Corneal valance: a tear film pattern in map-dot-fingerprint corneal dystrophy. AB - A scalloped line of tear film thinning (corneal valance), running horizontally across the top third of the cornea, was readily seen with slit lamp, fluorescein, and blue filter in 25 patients. Careful retrospective examination of these patients revealed barely discernible map and fingerprint lines corresponding to the areas of tear film irregularity. A corneascope photograph suggests that the tear film thinning in corneal valance is caused by localized elevations of the epithelial surface. The importance of corneal valance is that it is easily seen, and makes possible the diagnosis of map-dot-fingerprint corneal dystrophy in cases that might otherwise be misdiagnosed or overlooked. PMID- 6611102 TI - Povidone-iodine: its efficacy as a preoperative conjunctival and periocular preparation. AB - Even though advances in aseptic care have reduced the incidence of endophthalmitis, the conjunctiva still is not sterilized for surgery. This article presents a simple preoperative preparative procedure which, in a series of 225 surgical cases, reduced the incidence of positive postoperative cultures to 9.6%, a much lower percentage than has been reported previously. PMID- 6611103 TI - [Chloramphenicol treatment of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in the child]. PMID- 6611104 TI - The clinical relevance of platelet aggregation study in myeloproliferative disorders. AB - 30 unselected patients with various entities of the myeloproliferative syndrome were entered into a prospective study to evaluate the relationship between platelet aggregation abnormalities and hemostatic complications and the role of aggregation study in myeloproliferative disorders. 21 patients showed impaired collagen-induced aggregation and absent second phase epinephrine-induced response. 6 of these patients had bleeding manifestations. 4 patients hyperaggregated with ADP, collagen, epinephrine and arachidonic acid. Of these, 3 had thrombotic complications as their initial presentation. In the 6-40 months follow-up no new cases of bleeding or thromboembolic phenomena were encountered among the remaining patients. In 3 patients aggregation abnormalities heralded the specific myeloproliferative disorder by months or years. We conclude from this study that routine platelet aggregation study in classical myeloproliferative disorders is unwarranted as it is costly and does not improve the diagnostic accuracy nor yield any predictive information concerning the tendency to bleed. It is useful as an accessory investigative tool in the atypical or early myeloproliferative patient whose clinical features, blood and marrow findings although suggestive are not diagnostic of a specific myeloproliferative entity. PMID- 6611105 TI - The influence of sex, race and dialect on peptic ulcer and non-ulcer dyspepsia in Singapore. AB - A consecutive series of 2,277 patients presenting for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was analysed. The following groups of patients were studied with reference to sex, race and dialect groups: those presenting with dyspepsia but no haemorrhage, those presenting with upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage, those with non-ulcer dyspepsia, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer. Males out-numbered females in all diagnostic groups. Male and female Malays were under-represented in all diagnostic groups when compared to the Singapore population. Amongst female Chinese, there was an excess of Cantonese patients and an under-representation of Teochew patients in most diagnostic groups. These dialect differences were not remarkable amongst male Chinese. The possible reasons for these differences and their significance are discussed. PMID- 6611106 TI - Conjugal amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PMID- 6611107 TI - Modeling metabolic processes in the brain in vivo. AB - Positron emission tomography provides a means to measure local concentrations of positron-emitters in brain and to reconstruct pictorial images of the distribution of isotope in the brain. This capability is useful when the isotope is confined to a defined chemical species, and its concentration when combined with other measurable variables can be used to assay a physiological or biochemical process. Common variables are concentration and/or specific activity of the precursor tracer molecule in blood or plasma, the kinetics of exchange of the precursor molecule between blood and/or plasma and tissue, and the distribution space of the tracer in the tissue. These variables must be related, usually by an equation based on a kinetic model of the process under study. An example of such a method is the 2-deoxyglucose method which measures local rates of glucose utilization in brain. It was first developed with [14C]deoxyglucose and autoradiography in animals and has demonstrated a close relationship between local functional activity and glucose utilization in brain. It has proved useful to map regions of altered functional activity in the central nervous system in a variety of physiological and pharmacological states. By a combination of this technique with positron emission tomography and the positron-emitting analog, [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose, the method has been adapted for use in humans. PMID- 6611108 TI - Research issues in positron emission tomography. Proceedings of a conference sponsored by the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, June 16-17, 1983. PMID- 6611109 TI - Functional evaluation of the blood-brain barrier using positron emission tomography. AB - Positron emission tomography is capable of making measurements of the permeability--surface-area (PS) product of the blood-brain barrier, if modeling constraints can be met. A strategy for measuring the PS product of ammonia is presented that can be applied to any compound that is taken up by the brain and trapped before back-diffusion occurs. A second strategy for measuring the PS product of compounds that are not metabolically trapped is also presented. The flexibility of positron emission tomography and the variety of appropriately labeled compounds suggest that this technique will be very important in the characterization of the blood-brain barrier in humans in health and in disease. PMID- 6611110 TI - Positron emission tomographic studies in aging and cerebrovascular disease at Hammersmith hospital. AB - This paper attempts to place into perspective the present state of clinical investigation with PET in neurology. To this end we briefly review the work of the neurology group of the MRC Cyclotron Unit at Hammersmith Hospital, by reference to studies performed in normal subjects and in patients with cerebrovascular disease. Based on the current understanding of human physiology in health and disease as a result of this new method of clinical measurement in humans, we speculate on some possible future developments and present constraints in the application of PET to clinical research. PMID- 6611111 TI - Emission tomographic measurement of local cerebral blood flow in humans by an in vivo autoradiographic strategy. AB - An in vivo autoradiographic strategy is described for the measurement of local cerebral blood flow in humans by positron emission tomography, based on an application of the single-compartment model originally proposed by Kety. A variety of factors are considered upon which the successful quantitation of local blood flow depends. These factors include the mode of tracer administration and the definition of the arterial input function; the choice of scan parameters to assure unique and sensitive values of flow throughout the physiological range of interest; the influence of these parameters on the stability and signal/noise characteristics of the computed flow; the error introduced by the presence of heterogeneity of flow within a volume element; and factors related to the choice of the radiotracer itself. The in vivo autoradiographic method is compared to an alternative local cerebral blood flow method employing continuous inhalation of oxygen-15-labeled carbon dioxide. The general relevance of these issues to all local blood flow methods intended for emission tomographic application is emphasized. PMID- 6611112 TI - Positron imaging in ischemic stroke disease. AB - Positron emission tomography (PET) is well suited to the study of ischemic stroke disease. It has the potential to help elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms, differentiate viable from nonviable tissue, and provide a more rational basis for developing specific therapies for ischemic lesions. The different tracer strategies that may be applied to the study of ischemic disease, however, all have relative limitations, which may be related to the physical or biological determinants of the tracer distributions, to the tracer half-lives, or to the methods required for quantitation of the data. Determination of blood flow and oxygen metabolism are useful for characterizing stroke lesions, but other parameters, such as the oxygen extraction fraction, blood volume, and glucose metabolism, can provide important interpretative information. Correlation of the physiological PET data with the clinical presentation and course is a primary requisite for the development of the full potential of PET. PMID- 6611113 TI - Parkinson's disease: metabolic and pharmacological approaches with positron emission tomography. PMID- 6611114 TI - The effect of normal aging on patterns of local cerebral glucose utilization. AB - When the fluorine-18-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) scan was applied to 40 normal volunteer subjects aged 18 to 78 years, mean local cerebral metabolic rate for glucose ( lCMRGlu ) declined with advancing age at a faster rate than was reported for mean local cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen. Slopes of decline with age were similar in the centrum semiovale, caudate nucleus, putamen, and overall frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital cortex. Superior frontal cortex and posterior inferior frontal cortex were exceptions, undergoing more rapid metabolic decline with age than in other parts of the brain. Measurements of the rate constants for transport and phosphorylation process indicate that their change with aging had no major effect on the measurement of lCMRGlu by the 18FDG method. PMID- 6611115 TI - Positron emission tomographic study of affective disorders: problems and strategies. AB - Because anatomical studies of psychiatric disorders in humans have been largely unsuccessful, and because pharmacological interventions in patients with mental illness can be analyzed by means of biochemical assay techniques, positron emission tomography (PET) provides an exciting new means to study mental illness. Using fluorine-18-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose and PET to measure local cerebral glucose utilization, the investigators examined patients with affective disorders and normal age-matched controls. Patients with unipolar depression were studied in a drug-free baseline state following short-term administration of methylphenidate and in a euthymic state in long-term follow-up. Patients with bipolar disorders were studied in either the manic or depressed phases of illness and again in a euthymic state in long-term follow-up. Age-matched controls were studied both with and without methylphenidate administration. The results demonstrate that metabolic subgrouping of patients may be possible. Mood changes produced by pharmacological agents resulted in changes in the patterns of metabolism when compared with the baseline state. Problems associated with the use of PET to study mental illness fall into the categories of patient classification (diagnosis, state, trait, ambient conditions, and mental processes) and data analysis (anatomical and statistical). These problems, the limitations of the present techniques, and strategies for their improvement are discussed. Despite these difficulties, PET should prove to be a fruitful means of exploring the human biochemical abnormalities associated with mental illness. PMID- 6611116 TI - Positron emission tomographic image measurement in schizophrenia and affective disorders. AB - Two analytical methods for assessing regional glucography with positron emission tomography were compared in 16 patients with schizophrenia and 11 patients with affective disorders. Patients were off all medication a minimum of 14 days and an average of 39.8 days. The subjects were administered fluorine-18-labeled 2 deoxyglucose just before receiving a 34-minute one-per-second series of unpleasant electrical stimuli to their right forearm while resting with their eyes closed in a darkened, acoustically attenuated psychophysiological testing chamber. Following monitored stimulation in the controlled environment, the subjects were scanned and the images were converted to values of glucose use in micromoles per 100 grams per minute, according to Sokoloff's model. Data were analyzed by a four-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for independent groups (normal subjects, schizophrenic patients, and patients with affective disorders) and for repeated measures of slice level (supraventricular, midventricular , and infraventricular ), hemisphere (right, left), and anteroposterior position (four sectors). Normal individuals and patient groups both showed a significant anteroposterior gradient in glucose use, with the highest values in the sector farthest to the front. Patients with schizophrenia and those with affective illnesses showed less of an anteroposterior gradient than normal individuals, especially at superior levels, which was statistically confirmed by ANOVA. Neither the group differences in whole-brain glucose use nor the left-right asymmetries reached statistical significance. A second technique, involving reconstruction of the lateral cortical surface, also revealed differences between schizophrenics and normal individuals in the superior frontal cortex. These results are consistent with our earlier reports of a relative hypofrontal function in schizophrenia compared with controls; they also extend the finding to the affective illnesses, the other group of major psychoses. PMID- 6611117 TI - Patterns of metabolic activity in the treatment of schizophrenia. AB - Six patients with chronic schizophrenia were studied with positron emission tomography (PET) before and after neuroleptic treatment, using fluorine-18 labeled fluorodeoxyglucose. After treatment, the mean whole-slice glucose metabolic rate at the level of the basal ganglia showed a 25% increase. However, patterns of frontal hypometabolism observed with the schizophrenic patients were not altered by medication. Pattern analysis using the fast Fourier transform was applied to a set of 422 images from a mixed group of normal, depressed, and schizophrenic subjects. Reconstruction of the images with low-frequency coefficients was excellent, reducing considerably the number of variables needed to characterize each image. Hierarchical cluster analysis categorized the transformed images according to anatomical level and subject group (patient versus control). The results suggest the utility of this procedure for the classification and characterization of metabolic PET images from psychiatric patients. PMID- 6611118 TI - Regional cortical dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease as determined by positron emission tomography. AB - Local cerebral glucose metabolism and psychometric function were compared in 17 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 5 healthy age-matched controls. Performance on tests of global intellectual function averaged 30 to 45% lower in the Alzheimer's group. Mean cortical glucose metabolism, as determined by positron emission tomography following fluorine-18-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose administration, was reduced by 30% in the Alzheimer's group. There was a significant positive correlation between the degree of overall dementia and the amount of metabolic reduction. The distribution of cortical hypometabolism was not uniform: the posterior parietal lobes and contiguous portions of the posterior temporal and anterior occipital lobes were most severely involved. The frontal cortex was relatively spared. These findings are compatible with the major clinical deficits found in patients with Alzheimer's disease and may help focus future biochemical probes into the pathophysiology of this disease. PMID- 6611119 TI - Gilles de la tourette syndrome: studies with the fluorine-18-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomographic method. PMID- 6611120 TI - The role of positron emission tomography in the evaluation of seizure disorders. AB - We studied patients with partial and primary generalized seizures using fluorine 18-labeled 2-fluorodeoxyglucose and positron emission tomography. Interictal studies of patients with partial seizures showed regions of focal or lateralized hypometabolism in 15 of 17 patients with unilateral electroencephalographic foci. Several patients had more than one hypometabolic region. In 1 patient PET hypometabolism was contralateral to the electroencephalographic epileptic focus. Six of 10 patients without definite electroencephalographic foci also showed unilateral PET hypometabolic regions. PET during complex partial seizures in 3 patients showed hypermetabolism at the site of the hypometabolic focus. A postictal scan in 1 patient showed extension of interictal temporal hypometabolism to the frontal lobe as well. Interictal scans in 8 patients with primary generalized seizures did not reveal any hypometabolic regions. One patient scanned during an attack of absence status epilepticus showed a slight decrease in metabolic rate compared to the interictal scan. Temporal lobectomy has been performed in 6 patients with focal PET hypometabolism. PET may obviate the need for depth electrode study in some patients with intractable partial seizures. PMID- 6611121 TI - Cyclotrons, radionuclides, precursors, and demands for routine versus research compounds. AB - Accelerators for producing commonly used short-lived positron emitters for positron emission tomography are addressed in the context of their use for the preparation of labeled compounds for research and routine biomedical applications. Progress and direction in the preparation and use of radiotracers for studies of the brain are discussed. Advancement to complete automation is stressed as an important factor for the eventual use of positron emission tomography as a routine clinical tool in universities and major medical centers. PMID- 6611122 TI - Criteria for the tracer kinetic measurement of cerebral protein synthesis in humans with positron emission tomography. AB - The principles and initial results of the use of PET to measure the local cerebral metabolic rate for protein synthesis ( lCRPS ) in humans are described. The labeling of leucine, phenylalanine, and methionine in the carboxyl position provides a strategy (selective position labeling) for discriminating between the incorporation of these amino acids into proteins and metabolic oxidation. In metabolic oxidation the label is removed from tissue through decarboxylation. The resulting labeled carbon dioxide is diluted by the tissue carbon dioxide pool, cleared from cerebral tissue by blood flow, and subsequently ventilated by the lungs. This approach also provides a plasma input function that is free of other labeled amino acids produced through systemic reactions, such as those that occur for methionine labeled in the methyl group. The measured lCRPS is in good agreement with values determined by Smith and Sokoloff by autoradiographic and biochemical assay techniques, as are the measured kinetic rate constants of bidirectional transport, incorporation into proteins, and metabolism, as determined in monkeys and humans using L-leucine labeled with carbon-11 in position 1 (L-[1-11C]leucine) with PET. The tissue leucine precursor pool exhibits a rapid turnover rate (1.5 to 2 minutes), while the metabolic pathway has a half-time (about 18 minutes) that is close to the radioactive half-life of carbon-11. The dietary state was found to affect the branching ratio of lCRPS /metabolism, with a fasted value of 0.4 and carbohydrate feed values ranging up to 1.7. The principle of the method appears sound, and a first-order model provides good fits to data, but much more work is required to determine and validate the model structure and to optimize the study conditions and estimation criteria. PMID- 6611123 TI - Prospects for both precision and accuracy in positron emission tomography. AB - Reproducibility or precision was measured for a current positron emission tomographic (PET) system and was simulated by both computer and experimental methods for potential future systems. The present and potential future precision of PET systems is on the order of 1 to 2% for equilibrium studies (such as fluorodeoxyglucose metabolism measurements) with a few million counts per image, and better than 10% for dynamic studies with a few hundred thousand counts per image. To take advantage of this high precision, the instrumental accuracy of PET systems should match or better the precision of the measurements. The major sources of inaccuracy in PET, outside of deficiencies in electronic or computer hardware and software, are poor resolution, nonuniform resolution, and scatter. The use of narrow bismuth germanate detectors, adequately large detector ring diameters, and properly designed interplane septa will provide substantial improvements in all of these deficiencies. PMID- 6611124 TI - Instrumentation for positron emission tomography. AB - Positron emission tomography with a spatial resolution of 2 mm full width at half maximum for quantitation in regions of interest 4 mm in diameter will become possible with the development of detectors that achieve ultrahigh resolution. Improved resolution will be possible using solid-state photodetectors for crystal identification or photomultiplier tubes with many small electron multipliers . Temporal resolution of 2 seconds and gating of cyclic events can be accomplished if statistical requirements are met. The major physical considerations in achieving high-resolution positron emission tomography are the degradation in resolution resulting from positron range, emission angle, parallax error, detector sampling density, the sensitivity of various detector materials and packing schemes, and the trade off between temporal resolution and statistical accuracy. The accuracy of data required for physiological models depends primarily on the fidelity of spatial sampling independent of statistical constraints. PMID- 6611125 TI - Dynamic cerebral positron emission tomographic studies. PMID- 6611126 TI - Dynamic measurements of local blood flow and metabolism in the study of higher cortical function in humans with positron emission tomography. PMID- 6611127 TI - Human sensory stimulation and deprivation: positron emission tomographic results and strategies. AB - Fluorine-18-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose was used to measure local cerebral glucose metabolism by means of positron emission tomography (PET) in patients and in normal subjects. Various states of audiovisual stimulation and deprivation were explored. Our experience in performing neurobehavioral PET studies in over 145 normal right-handed individuals is described. In normal subjects metabolic left right symmetry was found in states of partial sensory deprivation (eyes patched or ears plugged). Metabolic asymmetries (right less than left) were observed in subjects with more complete sensory deprivation (eyes patched and ears plugged). Auditory stimulation studies in normal subjects demonstrated metabolic evidence of cerebral lateralization. No correlation between site of metabolic response and side of stimulation was observed. Both the site and the side (left versus right) of maximal metabolic response correlated with the type (verbal versus nonverbal) and content of the stimulus as well as with the strategy used by the subject to solve the listening task. Visual stimuli of increasing complexity produced symmetrical increases in metabolic rate for the primary and secondary visual cortices. Focal stimulation of the central portion of the retina produced focal responses limited to the occipital poles, while full-field visual stimulation produced increased metabolic activity throughout the entire extent of the primary visual cortex. Patients with lesions of the visual pathway that spared the visual cortex itself demonstrated abnormalities in visual cortical metabolic rate that correlated with clinical symptoms. The refinement of neurobehavioral PET studies is discussed in terms of the limitations presently induced by spatial resolution, temporal resolution, anatomical localization accuracy, experimental neuropsychological paradigm design, and data analysis techniques. These limitations, as well as future prospects for using PET to study human brain function in both normal and pathological states, are discussed. PMID- 6611128 TI - Positron emission tomographic studies of perceptual tasks. AB - Metabolic mapping in conjunction with positron emission tomography was used to examine the response of the human brain to physiological stimuli. Local cerebral glucose consumption was measured by means of the fluorine-18-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose technique. The coefficient of variation of this measurement for various gray matter structures varies from 19.5 to 26.4%. If repeat measurements are made in the same subject using carbon-11-labeled deoxyglucose as the tracer, the coefficient of variation of repeat measurements for these same structures is reduced to between 5.2 and 8.7%. Stimulation of one visual field in normal subjects produced a significant (p less than 0.01) increase in metabolism in the contralateral visual cortex. An auditory stimulus consisting of a tape recorded factual story presented through earphones to only one ear produced a significant (p less than 0.001) increase in glucose consumption in the contralateral temporal cortex. The effects of vigilance or attention on cerebral metabolism were also examined. There was significantly greater metabolism in the right versus the left inferior parietal region in subjects attending to a visual or auditory task compared with those who were not. Anxiety appeared to produce significantly greater glucose utilization in the right hemisphere compared with the left in those subjects who had a higher level of anxiety during the measurement. Metabolic mapping promises to be a powerful new tool in furthering our understanding of the organization and functioning of the human brain. PMID- 6611129 TI - Measurements in vivo of parameters of the dopamine system. AB - An in vivo study of the binding of the neuroleptic drugs spiroperidol and bromospiroperidol has indicated a large amount of specific binding to the dopamine-rich caudate nuclei of the murine brain. We have tested the applicability of the simple thermodynamic equilibrium equation to describe this binding and find that it seems to be a reasonable description of the process. It appears that a period of several hours is needed for reaching equilibrium, but after that time the behavior appears slowly to follow the equilibrium isotherm. One consequence of this model is the apparent competition of endogenous dopamine for the binding sites in vivo. The data can only be fitted by the calculations when the endogenous dopamine is included as a competitive ligand. This competition presents the interesting possibility of measuring the synaptic dopamine concentration by its effect on the binding of neuroleptic drugs. A second observation in these studies was the increase of nonspecific binding of bromospiroperidol at very low drug loadings. This increase is attributed to the presence of binding sites that are ubiquitously dispersed and very dilute but of high affinity. PMID- 6611130 TI - [18F]spiroperidol: a radiopharmaceutical for the in vivo study of the dopamine receptor. PMID- 6611131 TI - Assessment of dopamine receptor densities in the human brain with carbon-11 labeled N-methylspiperone. AB - We describe the use of carbon-11-labeled 3-N-methylspiperone, a ligand that preferentially binds to dopamine receptors in vivo, to image the receptors by positron emission tomography scanning in baboons and, for the first time, in a human. The method has now been used in 58 humans for noninvasive assessment of the state of brain dopamine receptors under normal and pathological conditions. PMID- 6611132 TI - In vivo measurement of regional brain tissue pH using positron emission tomography. AB - Carbon-11-labeled dimethyloxazolidinedione ([11C]DMO) was injected intravenously into human subjects, and serial positron emission tomographic (PET) scans were obtained until brain-blood equilibration was achieved or could be accurately predicted from dynamic PET and 11C blood data. Knowledge of regional brain-blood partition coefficients for DMO, together with measurements of arterial blood hematocrit and pH, permitted the calculation of regional brain tissue and tumor pH (rpH). [11C]DMO PET rpH values were similar to rpH values derived from quantitative autoradiographic measurements of [14C]DMO concentrations in rat brain slices. PMID- 6611133 TI - [Rapid method of determining beta-lactamase inhibitor activity]. AB - A simple and rapid method for determination of the activity of beta-lactamase is described. It is based on spectrophotometric recording of the enzymatic splitting of benzylpenicillin. The method is recommended for rapid control of production of beta-lactamase inhibitors. PMID- 6611134 TI - Susceptibility studies of multiply resistant Haemophilus influenzae isolated from pediatric patients and contacts. AB - From February 1981 to December 1983, 225 strains were isolated from pediatric patients infected with Haemophilus influenzae. Forty-one strains were found to be resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and other antibiotics. They were isolated from 20 patients with invasive diseases (meningitis, 16; bacteremia, 4) and 21 with noninvasive diseases (otitis media, 19; conjunctivitis, 2). During this period, 44 patients with invasive diseases were seen (meningitis, 28; bacteremia, 16). Strains resistant to both ampicillin and chloramphenicol occurred in 45.4% of cerebrospinal fluid and blood isolates and in 51% of cerebrospinal fluid isolates only. In this group, individual resistance to ampicillin was 50%; chloramphenicol, 52.2%; tetracycline, 54.5%; and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, 63.6%. No epidemiological relationship could be found among the patients. The presence of asymptomatic carriers was investigated in two nurseries and in eight family groups. From a total of 125 individuals studied, 80 were found to be colonized by H. influenzae, and 36 carried multiply resistant strains. From patients and carriers, 77 strains were found to be resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and other drugs; 39 belonged to type b (cerebrospinal fluid, 16; blood, 4; ear, 7; and nasopharynx, 12), and 38 were non type b. The most frequent pattern of resistance was ampicillin-chloramphenicol tetracycline-sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (94.8%), followed by ampicillin chloramphenicol-tetracycline (3.9%). The disk diffusion method correctly predicted multiple resistance. The mean inhibition zone diameters were: ampicillin, 12.8 mm; chloramphenicol, 15.2 mm; tetracycline, 9.9 mm; and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, 10.8 mm. These resistant strains were susceptible to cefotaxime, moxalactam, cefoperazone, cefuroxime, rifampin, and gentamicin. Our data suggest that in Spain the resistance of H. influenzae to ampicillin and chloramphenicol is endemic and that other effective therapeutic modalities are needed. PMID- 6611135 TI - In vitro evaluation of HR810, a new wide-spectrum aminothiazolyl alpha methoxyimino cephalosporin. AB - HR810 (Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals Inc., Somerville, N.J.) is a new, cyclical pyridinium cephalosporin that appeared superior to numerous comparison drugs against 658 strains of aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. Seventeen Enterobacteriaceae spp. were tested by broth microdilution methods, and the 50% MICs (MIC50S) and 90% MICs (MIC90s) were 0.03 to 0.12 and 0.03 to 2.0 micrograms/ml, respectively. Only one strain had an MIC greater than 8.0 micrograms/ml (99.6% is considered susceptible). HR810 inhibited 98% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates at less than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml, and the MIC90 for Acinetobacter spp. was 4.0 micrograms/ml. It was also very active against Pseudomonas spp. and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC90, 0.5 micrograms/ml) but marginally active against methicillin-resistant staphylococcal strains (MIC90, 16 micrograms/ml) and enterococcus (MIC90, 32 micrograms/ml). Non-enterococcal streptococci had MIC50s ranging from 0.008 micrograms/ml for Streptococcus pyogenes to 0.12 micrograms/ml for pneumococci. All MICs of HR810 against Haemophilus and Neisseria spp. were less than or equal to 0.03 micrograms/ml (MIC50, 0.002 to 0.008 micrograms/ml). HR810 poorly inhibited beta-lactamases and was very stable against 11 tested beta-lactamases of plasmid (TEM, OXA, SHV-1, and PSE) and chromosomal (K1, K14, P99) types. PMID- 6611136 TI - Mechanism of resistance of an ampicillin-resistant, beta-lactamase-negative clinical isolate of Haemophilus influenzae type b to beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - The mechanism of non-beta-lactamase-mediated beta-lactam resistance in a clinical isolate of Haemophilus influenzae type b was studied. This clinical isolate showed up to a 32-fold increase in MICs of a wide variety of beta-lactams, including moxalactam and cefotaxime, although no beta-lactamase activity was detected, even after attempted induction. Transformation of broad-spectrum beta lactam resistance into ampicillin-susceptible H. influenzae RDnov was accomplished. Examination of the outer membrane protein profile of the resistant parent by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of Triton X 100-extracted membranes revealed an unusual major outer membrane protein band at a molecular weight of 45,000. This outer membrane protein profile did not transform with beta-lactam resistance. Permeability differences were noted between the resistant strain and the nonisogenic susceptible strain of H. influenzae, although these penetration differences were not transformed. Comparison of the penicillin-binding protein profile of a resistant transformant with that of a susceptible parent with both whole-membrane preparations and whole cell labeling, revealed a major reduction in binding affinity to penicillin binding proteins 3a and 3b (molecular weights, 68,000 and 65,000, respectively). Thus, alteration in penicillin-binding proteins 3a and 3b correlated with the beta-lactam resistance. PMID- 6611137 TI - Trimethoprim sulphamethoxazole in neonatal Flavobacterium meningosepticum infection. AB - During an outbreak of Flavobacterium meningosepticum septicaemia in a neonatal intensive care unit 9 infants were treated with intravenous trimethoprim sulphamethoxazole. Bacteriological cure was achieved in 8 patients; one infant died of massive intraventricular haemorrhage on the first day of treatment. Apart from prolonged persistence of pre-existing thrombocytopenia there was no evidence of side effects. Trimethoprim sulphamethoxazole should be considered in the treatment of neonatal F meningosepticum sepsis in view of its activity against this organism, good penetration of the blood brain barrier, and the absence of serious side effects. PMID- 6611138 TI - Ankylosing spondylitis in North India: a clinical and immunogenetic study. AB - Fifty-one North Indian patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are described with mean age of onset 21.2 years and male to female ratio of 16:1. AS began with peripheral arthritis in 47%, low back pain in 41%, acute anterior uveitis in 10%, and heel pain in 2% of the patients. 76% of 51 patients had one of the extra axial features of AS: peripheral arthritis (61%), heel pain (24%), anterior uveitis (22%), urethritis (12%), kidney disease (10%), mucosal ulcerations (6%), aortic incompetence (4%), and apical pulmonary fibrosis (4%). A majority (71%) of the patients with peripheral arthritis had mono- or oligoarthritis affecting mainly the lower limb joints. Two patients had coexistent rheumatoid arthritis also. HLA-B27 antigen was detected in 48 (94%) of 51 patients compared with 7 (6%) of 118 controls (relative risk 254; Fisher's exact p = 3.49(-29]. On comparing patients with juvenile onset AS and patients with adult onset disease we found peripheral arthritis to be more frequent at the beginning and during the course of disease in the former. PMID- 6611139 TI - Differences in immunochemical characteristics of cryoglobulins in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus and their complement binding properties. AB - Cryoglobulins isolated from sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were analysed for their immunoglobulin, antibody, and complement components. In both disease categories the cryoglobulins contained predominantly IgG with lesser amounts of IgM and IgA, but relative to serum more IgM was concentrated in the cryoglobulins. IgM rheumatoid factor was found in 65% of RA cryoglobulins but in only 17% of SLE cryoglobulins (p less than 0.02), whereas SLE cryoglobulins contained more DNA binding activity than RA cryoglobulins (p less than 0.01). C1q binding activity was detectable in the majority of SLE and RA sera and SLE cryoglobulins. Paradoxically only two out of 34 RA cryoglobulins bound C1q, although rheumatoid factor activity was present in both cryoglobulins and sera. When isolated from serum the rheumatoid factor fraction strongly bound C1q. Both RA and SLE cryoglobulins contained similar small amounts of C3 and C4. Differences in antibody composition and complement binding activity of cryoglobulins from RA and SLE sera may reflect properties of immune complexes which affect their tissue localisation and pathogenicity. PMID- 6611140 TI - Fatty acid, polar lipid and wall amino acid composition of Gardnerella vaginalis. AB - Representative strains of Gardnerella vaginalis were degraded using both an alkaline and an acid methanolysis and the fatty acid methyl esters released examined by thin-layer and gas chromatography. The profiles obtained were both qualitatively and quantitatively similar and were comprised of straight chain saturated and unsaturated non-hydroxylated fatty acids with hexadecanoic acid (16:0) and octadecenoic acid (18:1) the major components. All of the strains contained very characteristic polar lipid patterns consisting of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, five partially identified glycolipids and an uncharacterised phospholipid. Analyses of wall amino acid preparations using gas chromatography showed that Gardnerella vaginalis strains contain major amounts of alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and lysine. The chemical data support the integrity of the genus Gardnerella. PMID- 6611141 TI - An introduction to tumour immunology. AB - In this brief review some of the basic concepts in tumour immunology are summarised. These include the nature of tumour antigens, the many and varied ways the immune system of the host may respond thereto, and the mechanisms by which tumours may evade such responses. The limitations of current immunotherapeutic procedures employed are also considered and potentially important areas of tumour immunology research are emphasized. PMID- 6611142 TI - Determination of amylase by measurement of enzymatic activity and by enzyme immunoassay and radioimmunoassay. AB - Alpha-amylase content was determined by enzyme immunoassay and radioimmunoassay and enzyme activity by enzymatic test in some pig tissues and serum during ontogenetic development. Among the studied organs, the highest enzyme content and activity were found in the pancreas. In this organ, amylase ratio in fetuses, newborns and adults was 1:13:1500. The ratio of the adult amylase content in pancreas, parotid gland and kidney was 4000:5:1, respectively. Close correlation was shown between the results obtained with the immunological and enzymatic methods. PMID- 6611143 TI - Increased myeloid colony growth in vitro of precultured progenitor cells. AB - Human peripheral blood myeloid progenitor cells (GM-CFU) form markedly more colonies in soft agar following a short-term preculture in vitro. This enhancement is independent of monocytes and T lymphocytes and reflects an alteration of progenitor cells themselves. The preculture increases the number of cells being in the S phase of cell cycle and renders them relatively independent of exogenous CSF. PMID- 6611144 TI - Giant cell pneumonia due to respiratory syncytial virus. Occurrence in severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - A 6-month-old male infant with a severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome was hospitalized for progressive respiratory distress. Examination during hospitalization disclosed widespread pulmonary infiltrates that did not respond to intensive therapy. The patient died eight days after admission. Autopsy disclosed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and widespread giant cell pneumonia. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was grown from a lung specimen obtained at autopsy. Specific immunofluorescent staining of the cytoplasm of alveolar lining cells with RSV antiserum was demonstrated. The electron microscopic appearance of giant cells was compatible with RSV infection. The RSV should be added to the list of viruses causing giant cell pneumonia. PMID- 6611145 TI - Endothelial cell damage following crystalloid cardioplegic solution infusion. Scanning electron microscope study of coronary bypass grafts. AB - Scanning electron microscope studies of coronary bypass grafts were carried out in six routine bypass operations. Infusion of the initial crystalloid cardioplegic medium into the aortic root after aortic cross clamping was performed in every case. In two cases, pieces of aorta below and above the cross clamped site, le, having and not having had contact with the crystalloid cardioplegic medium, were studied. The endothelial lining of the veins showed normal structure following distention with blood. Following infusion with a crystalloid cardioplegic solution, the endothelial cells had almost completely vanished and the flow surface was composed mainly of collagen fibers. The aortic samples taken from below the cross-clamp site showed similar destruction of the endothelium that was observed in vein grafts after crystalloid cardioplegic solution infusion, whereas the aortic samples taken from above the cross-clamp site disclosed normal endothelium. PMID- 6611146 TI - Coronary artery bypass and antiplatelet therapy. PMID- 6611147 TI - A unifying aetiological explanation for anomalies of human tooth number and size. AB - Genetic and environmental factors are implicated in the aetiology of supernumerary teeth, hypodontia, megadontia and microdontia ; these anomalies tend to be associated. 1115 school children aged 11-14 years examined clinically and radiographically provided prevalence data. A further 703 children with dental anomalies were studied. 153 of these became probands for a family study and 327 of their first-degree relatives were examined. There were much higher frequencies (p less than 0.001) of all anomalies among the relatives of probands than in the general population. Males more often had supernumerary teeth and megadontia and females more frequently had hypodontia (p less than 0.05) and microdontia . For hypodontia, the proportion of relatives affected varied with the severity of the condition in the proband (p less than 0.05). In the prevalence study, there was an association between hypodontia and microdontia (p less than 0.001). These findings may be explained by a multifactorial model having a continuous scale, related to tooth number and size, with thresholds. Position on the scale usually depends upon the combination of numerous genetic and environmental factors, each with a small effect, but occasionally a chromosomal anomaly, a major single gene or a major environmental insult may have a large effect. The finding that the estimated difference between the means of the sexes was the same for each anomaly, within the limits of experimental error, supports the validity of the model. PMID- 6611148 TI - Herpes zoster ophthalmicus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a recently recognized disease characterized by abnormalities in cell-mediated immunity that predispose affected persons to severe opportunistic infections and unusual malignant neoplasms. We describe four cases of herpes zoster ophthalmicus in four previously healthy homosexual men. Two had signs and symptoms consistent with AIDS, and two had signs and symptoms of a lymphadenopathic syndrome associated with AIDS. We suggest that underlying AIDS be considered in young, healthy persons with herpes zoster ophthalmicus and no known cause of immunosuppression. PMID- 6611149 TI - Autoantibodies in the investigation of connective tissue diseases. PMID- 6611151 TI - Secretagogue-induced formation of inositol phosphates in rat exocrine pancreas. Implications for a messenger role for inositol trisphosphate. AB - The formation of inositol phosphates in response to secretagogues was studied in rat pancreatic acini preincubated with [3H]inositol. Carbachol caused rapid increases in radioactive inositol phosphate, inositol bisphosphate and inositol trisphosphate . This effect was blocked by atropine, and also elicited by caerulein, but not by ionomycin or phorbol dibutyrate. Thus phospholipase C mediated breakdown of polyphosphoinositides, with the resulting formation of inositol phosphates, may be an early step in the stimulus-secretion coupling pathway in exocrine pancreas. Inositol trisphosphate may function as a second messenger in the exocrine pancreas, coupling receptor activation to internal Ca2+ release. PMID- 6611150 TI - The effects of iodine and thiol-blocking reagents on complement component C2 and on the assembly of the classical-pathway C3 convertase. AB - I2 can react with complement component C2 in a two-stage process. In the first stage, a form of C2 with enhanced haemolytic activity is produced. This form of C2 is cleaved to C2a and C2b by C1s at the same rate as native C2. The enhanced C2 haemolytic activity correlates with the ability to form a stable fluid-phase C3 convertase on addition of the C2 to C4b and C1s. It reflects an increased affinity for C4b of C2a formed from I2-treated C2, although the affinity for C4b of I2-treated C2 itself is not markedly increased. The specific activity of C3 convertase formed from I2-treated C2 is the same as that formed from native C2. The second stage of the reaction with I2, which is favoured at high pH or in the presence of excess I2, inactivates C2 on production of a species that cannot be cleaved by C1s. The presence of a single free thiol group in C2, which is the site of modification by I2, was confirmed by titration with p chloromercuribenzoate, iodoacetamide and 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid). A single thiol group is also present in Factor B, and the cysteine residue, like that in C2, requires denaturation of the protein before reaction with iodoacetamide and 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) but not p-chloro- mercuribenzoate . PMID- 6611152 TI - The effect of mitogenic lectins and monoclonal antibodies on intracellular free calcium concentration in human T-lymphocytes. AB - The effect of mitogenic lectins and the mitogenic antibody UCHT1 on the cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration ( [Ca2+]i) in human lymphocytes was investigated by using the fluorescent Ca2+-indicator quin2 . Phytohaemagglutinin, concanavalin A and UCHT1 increased [Ca2+]i in T-cells to a maximum level within 2 min. No T-cell response was seen with poke weed mitogen. None of the mitogens affected non-T-cell [Ca2+]i. PMID- 6611154 TI - A quantitative study of the levels of glandular kallikrein in normal and diabetic rats. AB - The concentrations of kallikrein, as measured by specific radioimmunoassay, in pancreatic tissue of normal, alloxan-, and streptozotocin-diabetic rats were found to be essentially the same. In contrast, the levels of kallikrein in the submandibular glands of the diabetic rats were significantly less than that of the normal rats. However, there were no such differences in the levels of acid phosphatase or alpha-amylase. Thus, the experimentally induced diabetic state would seem to involve a specific reduction in submandibular kallikrein. PMID- 6611153 TI - Stimulation of creatine kinase BB activity by 1 alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and 24R,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in rat tissues. AB - Vitamin D metabolites stimulate creatine kinase BB activity in organs of vitamin D-deficient rats. In epiphyses of long bones, creatine kinase BB activity increases 2.6-fold 24 h after injection of 24R,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol but not of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. Contrariwise, 1 alpha,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol, but not 24R,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, increases creatine kinase BB activity in diaphyses and in kidney. Neither metabolite affects creatine kinase activity in duodenal mucosa. PMID- 6611155 TI - The mechanism of the cytochrome P-448 mediated 6-hydroxylation of 7 ethoxycoumarin. AB - Deuterium labeling of 7-ethoxycoumarin on the carbon undergoing oxidation by cytochrome P-450 results in a redirection of metabolism from O-deethylation to ring hydroxylation at C6 (Harada, N. et al (1984) J Biol Chem 259, 3005-3010). Consequently, this substrate has been specifically labeled with deuterium at C6 aromatic in order to determine the mechanism of this ring hydroxylation reaction. Although product yield occurred over a 20-fold range when catalyzed by purified and microsomal preparations of cytochrome P-450, deuterium migration to C5 was always observed. Moreover, cumene hydroperoxide-supported reactions also proceeded with this NIH-shift. These data demonstrate that the 6-hydroxylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin occurs through a 5,6-oxide intermediate. PMID- 6611157 TI - Regulation of repair of naturally occurring DNA strand breaks in lymphocytes. AB - Mouse lymphocytes have been shown to contain DNA strand breaks that were repaired within 2h of onset of culture with mitogen. Inhibitors of ADP ribosylation prevented this repair and blocked cell proliferation. The mitogen concanavalin A caused the internal concentration of NAD+, the substrate of the ADP ribose polymerase, to rise to about double that of resting cells within 45 min of stimulation. Addition of 300 micron nicotinamide to the culture in absence of mitogen also resulted in a similar increase in internal [NAD+], resulting in increased ADP ribosylation activity (measured in permeabilized cells) and in joining of DNA strand breaks; however, none of the subsequent events of lymphocyte activation such as blast transformation and DNA synthesis occurred. These findings indicate that (1) cellular [NAD+] is a rate limiting factor in repair of DNA strand breaks in resting lymphocytes and (2) this repair is necessary but not sufficient for lymphocyte proliferation. PMID- 6611156 TI - Stimulation of plasminogen activator in osteoblast-like cells by bone-resorbing hormones. AB - Hormonal control of plasminogen activator (PA) was studied in clonal rat osteogenic sarcoma cells which are phenotypically osteoblast, and in osteoblast rich rat bone cell cultures. The bone-resorbing hormones (parathyroid hormone, prostaglandin E2, epidermal growth factor and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) stimulated PA activity in both cell types. The relative efficacies of vitamin D metabolites and of prostanoids reflect their relative potencies as stimulators of bone resorption. PMID- 6611158 TI - Subsite profile of the active center of porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase. Kinetic studies using maltooligosaccharides as substrates. AB - The hydrolysis of several maltooligosaccharides catalysed by porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase was performed in order to determine their kinetic parameters. Maltose behaves as a substrate. Molecular activity (Ko) increases with chain length up to maltopentaose, remaining practically unchanged from maltopentaose to maltoheptaose. Maltose shows the highest Km value while the one for maltotriose is the lowest. Only maltose and maltotriose were directly cleaved to glucose. From Km and Ko values, the binding energy of the total complexes and of the productive ones respectively were calculated. The binding energy at each subsite was determined assuming that each substrate forms a single productive complex and that maltose and maltotriose differ in their binding mode from higher oligosaccharides. The model was checked by calculating theorical Km and Ko. Theorical values agree reasonably well with experimental ones. PMID- 6611159 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis and small airways function. Effects of disease activity, smoking, and alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. AB - The sensitive pulmonary function tests of change in maximum expiratory flow (delta Vmax 50) and volume of isoflow were used to determine the effects of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), smoking, and alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency phenotypes on peripheral airways. Patients were prospectively divided into 4 groups: 14 smokers with RA, 12 nonsmokers with RA, 11 smokers without RA, and 13 nonsmokers without RA. delta Vmax 50 was the most discriminating variable and demonstrated significant small airway obstructive disease in the first 3 groups, with an additive effect in the group of smokers with RA. An increased incidence of the alpha 1-antitrypsin-deficient MS phenotype was seen in the RA smoker group, and this phenotype was associated with severe pulmonary disease. PMID- 6611160 TI - Cellular mechanism of DNA-specific antibody synthesis by lymphocytes from systemic lupus erythematosus patients. AB - The cellular mechanism of anti-DNA antibody synthesis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was studied by DNA-specific solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Anti-DNA antibody synthesis in response to DNA was T-dependent, and the experiments with reconstituted lymphocytes from identical twins discordant for SLE showed that B cells and T cells from SLE patients must cooperate to synthesize anti-DNA antibody. Anti-DNA antibody synthesis by lymphocytes from patients with inactive SLE was enhanced by T4 cells and suppressed by T8 cells in response to DNA. Although T4 cells from patients with active SLE could enhance anti-DNA antibody synthesis by autologous B cells, their T8 cells could not suppress anti-DNA antibody synthesis by autologous B cells. These results indicate that elevated anti-DNA antibody synthesis in response to DNA in patients with active SLE is due to abnormalities of both SLE B cells and SLE T cells. They further indicate that dysfunction of T8 cells from patients with active SLE may, in part, be responsible for deficient regulation of anti-DNA antibody synthesis. PMID- 6611161 TI - Connective tissue activation. XXVIII. A connective tissue activating peptide from human urine. AB - A protein factor in human urine which has the ability to activate connective tissue cells has been identified and partially purified; it appears to be different from epidermal growth factor and IgG. This urinary connective tissue activating factor (CTAP-U) is nondialyzable, labile to protease, stable to thiols, heat, and acid, and has an acidic isoelectric point. Purified preparations of CTAP-U have biologic activities that cause human connective tissue cells to synthesize incremental amounts of 14C-hyaluronic acid, 35S proteoglycans, and 3H-DNA in vitro. The cell spectrum responsive to this substance includes human synovial cells, human chondrocytes, and skin fibroblasts. CTAP-U does not react with antisera to connective tissue activating peptide-III or to antibodies against IgG or its Fc and Fab fragments. Furthermore, CTAP-U does not cross-react in a radioreceptor assay for insulin, basic somatomedin, or epidermal growth factor-urogastrone. Utilizing standardized isolation conditions, CTAP-U preparations with these properties have been isolated from the urine of 6 normal individuals. PMID- 6611162 TI - H-Y antigen in human X-autosome translocations. AB - The distal segment of the X chromosome short arm (Xp223) escapes X-inactivation in the normal female. This was shown by the activity of three genes assigned to this segment, those for Xg, STS, and H-YB. In contrast, in cases with non-random X-inactivation due to structural aberration of one X chromosome, the genes for Xg and STS may undergo inactivation. In this article, it is shown that in X-autosome translocation, the H-YB gene which modifies the activity of H-Y antigen, may be inactivated as well. Evidence is presented that in these cases, expression of all three genes on Xp223 is concordant. PMID- 6611163 TI - [Our experiences of PISCES (percutaneously inserted spinal cord electrical stimulation) in SMON and other neurologic disorders]. AB - Percutaneously inserted spinal cord electrical stimulation (PISCES) was carried out in eleven intractable pain cases and in one spastic paraplegic case. The causes of intractable pain constitute subacute myelo-optic neuropathy (SMON) 6 cases, cerebrovascular disease 2 cases, multiple sclerosis (MS) 1 case, Charcot Marie-Tooth (CMT) 1 case and transverse myelitis (TM) 1 case. The cause of spastic paraplegia was due to the ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). A trial stimulation was performed about two weeks before planning a permanent implantation of PISCES system. For the trial stimulation, epidural electrodes were percutaneously inserted with a guide of fluoroscopy in a X-ray room. The conditions of stimulation were adjusted to give an optimal electric dysesthesia. We employed pulse width 0.1-1.0 msec, pulse rate 1-120 Hz and pulse amplitude 0-10 Volt. If an excellent effect was obtained by trial study, we proceeded to the chronic implantation of PISCES system which were composed of epidural electrodes, a subcutaneous receiver and a surface antenna. The procedure of implantation was carried out in an operating room under local anesthesia. In our series, seven subjects (58%) experienced a rewarding effect by the trial stimulation and three underwent the permanent implantation of PISCES. We summarized the clinical courses of these three cases which were OPLL, CMT and SMON. Compared with the other methods for pain relief, PISCES is most characteristic in its safety and simplicity. To date, PISCES has been applied to various disorders; such as ataxia, spasticity, intractable pain, neurogenic bladder and peripheral vascular disease. But its efficacy has not been established in all these disorders.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6611164 TI - Computed tomographic assessment of coronary artery bypass grafts. AB - Twenty four patients with 65 coronary artery bypass grafts were studied by computed tomography and angiogrphy within a 10 day period in order to assess graft patency and graft flow. In the assessment of graft patency computed tomography had an accuracy of 93% and in that of graft flow one of 91%. These results indicate that computed tomography is an accurate method for assessing graft patency and flow and is useful in the investigation of certain groups of patients who have had coronary artery bypass graft surgery. PMID- 6611165 TI - Coronary artery vein grafting in a case of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. AB - A 64 year old man with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type 2 was admitted to hospital with severe angina of effort. Aortocoronary vein grafting was performed successfully. PMID- 6611166 TI - The risks of drunkenness (or, ebrietas resurrecta). A comparison of frequent intoxication indices and of population sub-groups as to problem risks. PMID- 6611167 TI - The correlates of serious alcohol-related consequences and illicit drug use amongst a cohort of Scottish teenagers. PMID- 6611168 TI - A study of the susceptibility of three species of primate to vaginal colonization with Gardnerella vaginalis. AB - In an attempt to develop an animal model of Gardnerella-associated vaginitis, several strains of Gardnerella vaginalis were inoculated into the lower genital tract of female pig-tailed macaques, tamarins and chimpanzees. G. vaginalis was not recovered from either tamarins or chimpanzees, but was recovered from each of 1O pig-tailed macaques inoculated with either of two freshly isolated Gardnerella strains, colonization persisting for 11-39 days. Examination of Gram-stained vaginal smears obtained from infected pig-tailed macaques failed to demonstrate clue cells, a feature which is pathognomonic of Gardnerella-associated vaginitis in humans. Other features characteristic of non-specific vaginitis, namely an increase in vaginal pH, and an increase in the ratio of succinate to lactate (S/L ratio) in vaginal fluid were not found. However, the physiology of the macaque vagina was found to be different from that of the human, the vaginal pH and S/L ratio of uninfected macaques both being higher than that seen in humans. The physiological differences between the macaque and human vagina may be due, in part, to a difference in their anaerobic vaginal flora. While these inter-species differences in vaginal physiology and microbiology limit the relevance of the pig tailed macaque as a model of Gardnerella-associated vaginitis, the ease with which macaques are colonized with G. vaginalis may prove useful in studying bacterial adhesion and local immunity. PMID- 6611169 TI - Prolymphocytic leukaemia: surface morphology in 21 cases as seen by scanning electron microscopy and comparison with B-type CLL and CLL in 'prolymphocytoid' transformation. AB - The surface architecture of leukaemic cells obtained from 21 cases of proven prolymphocytic leukaemia (PLL) and eight cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) with 'prolymphocytoid' transformation (PL-CLL) was compared with the cell surface morphology of leukaemic cells obtained from 46 cases of B-type CLL, using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). All cases were defined by cytochemistry, immunological markers and transmission electron microscopy prior to SEM examination. B-CLL cells showed the well-recognized spectrum of surface architecture described in earlier studies. The majority of cells had moderate numbers of short microvilli, although in a minority, cells with relatively smooth surfaces predominated. In seven of the eight cases of PL-CLL, cells were villous in nature and in this respect similar to CLL cells; however, more cells with dense microvilli were seen. The prolymphocytic cells were recognized by their larger size and in 18 of the 19 cases of B-derived PLL, villous cells predominated. Two cases of T-derived PLL showed variable cell surface morphology ranging from smooth to moderately villous. It appears that B-PLL cells are most frequently villous and display more surface microvilli than B-CLL cells. B prolymphocytes display the surface features regarded as characteristic for neoplastic B-cells as seen in patients with B-type lymphoma and leukaemia. PMID- 6611170 TI - The expression of cell surface ferritin by peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes. AB - It has been suggested that the iron storage protein ferritin has a number of physiological functions not directly related to iron metabolism and a number of these relate to lymphocyte and macrophage activity. The present study demonstrates a selective distribution of ferritin on lymphocyte and macrophage surface membranes which may be relevant to these hypotheses. Flow cytometry using specific antibodies shows 66% of human peripheral blood monocytes, 75% of B cells but only 6% of T cells to have significant amounts of surface ferritin. No difference was found between OKT4 and OKT8 subsets. Ferritin was also found on the surface of the pathological lymphocytes of B cell chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL) but not T cell CLL. PMID- 6611171 TI - Chest pain in rubber chemical workers exposed to carbon disulphide and methaemoglobin formers. AB - A cross sectional prevalence study of chest pain in 94 rubber chemical workers exposed to carbon disulphide (CS2) and methaemoglobin forming aromatic amines was carried out. The purpose of the study was to determine whether the prevalence of chest pain or coronary heart disease (CHD), or both, in exposed individuals exceeded that of a group of non-exposed individuals from the same plant. Cardiovascular, smoking, and occupational histories were obtained. Blood pressure, height, weight, serum cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose were measured. Resting electrocardiograms (ECGs) were obtained on all study participants, as were exercise stress tests on selected exposed individuals. Matching eliminated important known risk factors for coronary artery disease. Both chest pain and angina were significantly related to exposure, controlling for age and cigarette smoking. This association was not dependent on duration of exposure as defined by 10 or more years of employment in the department of interest. CHD as defined by angina, a history of myocardial infarction, or a coronary ECG or a combination of these occurred more frequently among exposed workers. The number of abnormal ECGs in the exposed group was twice that in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Age rather than exposure appeared to be the important variable associated with raised blood pressure. Neither biological measures of exposure nor ECGs showed an acute effect of workplace exposures on the myocardium. Possible additive or multiplicative effects of individual chemical agents could not be evaluated. Appropriate modification of medical surveillance of rubber chemical workers with exposure to CS2 and aromatic amines is warranted. PMID- 6611172 TI - Acquired colour defect under restricted viewing time: a new diagnostic technique? PMID- 6611173 TI - Nutritional ocular diseases and their association with diarrhoea in Matlab, Bangladesh. AB - The prevalence of visual defects, especially from causes associated with nutritional deficiencies, and their relation to diarrhoea in rural Bangladesh have been studied. A trained physician and a team of health workers examined visual defects in 149 villages, with a total population of 182 976. According to WHO classification, night blindness (XN) was found in only 0.03 persons/1000 population and 0.04 were found to have conjunctival xerosis (XIA) and Bitot's spot (XIB). Corneal xerosis (X2, X3A, X3B) also was found in 0.04 persons/1000. Night blindness combined with conjunctival xerosis and Bitot's spot (XN + XIA + XIB) was present in 1.69 persons/1000 and all combined stages of active xerophthalmia were seen in 0.06 persons/1000. Xerophthalmia prevailed up to age 19 years. Males had a significantly higher (2.9) incidence/1000 than did females (1.2). The total rate of keratomalacial scar for all ages was 0.31 persons/1000, while corneal opacity from other causes was seen in 2.25 persons/1000 population. More than 2.06 persons/1000 had ocular manifestations of one or more vitamin A deficiencies, while 4.47 persons/1000 had other ocular diseases, except for cataracts. Only 12.0% of all the corneal scars (XS) were due to keratomalacia. History of night blindness is a good indicator of vitamin A deficiency. In 96% of cases, night blindness was associated with conjunctival xerosis and Bitot's spot (XN + XIA + XIB). The onset of approximately 86% of cases of corneal xerosis (X2, X3A, X3B) and night blindness associated with conjunctival xerosis and Bitot's spot (XN + XIA + XIB) was related to diarrhoea. PMID- 6611174 TI - Light diffraction studies of single muscle fibers as a function of fiber rotation. AB - Light diffraction patterns from single glycerinated frog semitendinosus muscle fibers were examined photographically and photoelectrically as a function of diffraction angle and fiber rotation. The total intensity diffraction pattern indicates that the order maxima change both position and intensity periodically as a function of rotation angle. The total diffracted light, light diffracted above and below the zero-order plane, and light diffracted into individual orders gives information about the fiber's longitudinal and rotational structure and its noncylindrical symmetry. PMID- 6611175 TI - [Study of the surface of cytolytic T-lymphocytes by scanning electron microscopy]. AB - Scanning electron microscopy revealed three types of cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) interacting with target cells (TC). The type I cells occurred as smooth spherical lymphocytes with single microvilli; the type II rounded or oval cells were uniformly covered with microvilli; the type III cells were marked by an irregular shape, were densely covered with microvilli, while their surface was folded or tuberous. Within the first several minutes after absorption the surface of TC was largely covered by the type I lymphocytes. The proportion of the type III cells rose with the time of interaction. At the beginning it was 8-9%, reaching 30-71% after 30-60 minutes of incubation. It is assumed that the 3 types of the cells described mirror 3 stages of CTL activation. The increase in number of microvilli and appearance of the membranous folds may be a consequence of exocytosis and incorporation of the membrane of secretory granules into the plasma membrane of lymphocytes. The data obtained support the authors' assumption about the secretory mechanism of the action of CTL, whose contact with TC stimulated secretion activation. PMID- 6611177 TI - [Use of a sinusoidal current of optimal frequency to stimulate the healing of skin wounds]. AB - Local subthreshold electrostimulation of skin wounds with sinusoidal currents at a frequency of 300 Hz which is optimal for rats (the threshold of muscle contraction is minimal) improves microcirculation, reduces inflammatory processes, stimulates proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts and epithelium, maturation of the granulation tissue, thereby accelerating the healing of linear and large incised wounds. The increase or reduction in the optimal frequency and exposure time (for over 15 min) decrease the beneficial effect of electrostimulation. PMID- 6611176 TI - [Antiproliferative action of 5'-S-isobutyladenosine in vitro and in vivo on normal and neoplastic mouse cells]. AB - Antiproliferative activity of 5'-deoxy-5'-S-isobutylthioadenosine (SIBA) was studied in mouse tumor and medullary cells in vitro and in vivo. Essential differences were found in the antiproliferative action of SIBA on medullary and tumor cells in vivo and in vitro. It was shown that in vitro SIBA drastically inhibited DNA synthesis (by more than 80-90%) in all cells under test, whereas in vivo it stimulated 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA of the ascites tumor cells and medullary cells of mice with lymphoma NK/Ly. PMID- 6611178 TI - Multiple myeloma: circulating lymphocytes that express plasma cell antigens. AB - The bone marrow and peripheral blood of 14 patients with multiple myeloma were studied with murine monoclonal antibodies that identify antigens on plasma cells (R1-3 and OKT10). Peripheral blood lymphocytes expressing plasma cell antigens were found in six cases. Five of these cases expressed the same antigens that were present on the plasma cells in the bone marrow. Patients that showed such peripheral blood involvement were found to have a larger tumor burden and higher bone marrow plasma cell proliferative activity. In some patients, antigens normally found at earlier stages of B cell differentiation (B1, B2, and J5) were expressed by peripheral blood lymphocytes and/or bone marrow plasma cells. PMID- 6611179 TI - The B cell IgM Fc receptor: further evidence for the B cell origin of "null" chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Fifty-three cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were studied for the presence of the B cell IgM Fc receptor (Fc microR) using an aggregated IgM reagent. Restricted surface immunoglobulin, using conventional immunofluorescent techniques and FACS analysis, was detected in 43 cases (81%). The cells in the remaining ten cases (19%) expressed negligible surface immunoglobulin (slg-) and did not form E rosettes (E-), but this "null" subset clearly expressed the B cell Fc microR. The coincident membrane expression of the B1 antigen and the la-like antigen, as well as serial studies showing surface membrane light chain acquisition (in one patient), provided additional evidence for the B cell origin of this slg-E- subset. This subgroup of CLL appears to correspond phenotypically to a normal counterpart at a stage of B cell differentiation between the pre-B cell and the slgM+ early B cell. The B cell Fc microR appears to be a consistent and potentially useful marker for sl gE ("null") CLL. PMID- 6611180 TI - Association of an interleukin abnormality with the T cell defect in Hodgkin's disease. AB - The cellular immune defect in untreated Hodgkin's disease (HD) has long been recognized. This defect appears to be responsible for at least some of the morbidity and ultimately the mortality associated with the disease. In recent years, many studies have shown that the T cell component of the immune response is the apparent site where the defect in HD exists and where the immunoregulatory abnormalities that may account for the deficit are observed. The discovery of the lymphokines and monokines, comprising the human interleukin system, has elucidated some aspects of the regulatory control of the functional pathways involved in T lymphocyte activation and proliferation. The interleukin system can therefore provide the framework to dissect immunodeficiency states, such as that seen in HD. The present study indicates that HD patients' interleukin 1 (IL1) response appears to be normal, as is their T cell proliferative response to exogenous IL2. Interleukin 2 production by HD patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells, however, is decreased when compared with age/sex-matched controls. The inability to generate IL2 after appropriate stimulation may reflect either a primary cellular defect or a regulatory defect, such as excessive immunosuppression, giving rise to the characteristic T cell hyporesponsiveness seen in HD. PMID- 6611181 TI - Changes of adult T cell leukemia cell surface antigens at relapse or at exacerbation phase after chemotherapy defined by use of monoclonal antibodies. AB - Surface phenotypes of leukemic cells from six patients with adult T cell leukemia (ATL) were analyzed by the use of monoclonal antibodies, both at the time of initial diagnosis and at either relapse or exacerbation phase after chemotherapy. Changes of cell surface antigens were observed in four of the six cases. The majority of the leukemic cells of these patients were reactive with anti-Leu-1 and anti-Leu-3a, but unreactive with anti-Leu-2a and MAS 036c monoclonal antibodies at the time of initial diagnosis, indicating that ATL cells are of peripheral inducer/helper T cell origin. In three cases, the Leu-1 antigen disappeared at relapse or at exacerbation phase, and in one of these cases, a small percentage of ATL cells became reactive with MAS 036c, which identifies cortical thymocyte antigen. ATL cells of one other case did not have Leu-1 antigen from the start, but gained Leu-2a antigen at exacerbation phase and became double-labeled cells (Leu-2a+, 3a+), which is known to be a feature of thymocytes. Thus, it appeared that ATL cells sometimes change their surface phenotype to that of an earlier stage of T cell differentiation at relapse or at exacerbation phase. Chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) cells also usually change to immature cells at blastic crisis involving morphological change. However, this morphological change was not so prominent in the ATL cases studied, except one, in which typical ATL cells with nuclear indentation changed to large immature cells with basophilic cytoplasm at relapse. PMID- 6611182 TI - Augmentation of neutrophilic granulocyte progenitors in the bone marrow of mice with tumor-induced neutrophilia: cytochemical study of in vitro colonies. AB - Transplantation of CE mammary carcinoma into mice has been shown to produce marked neutrophilia. Previous studies in vivo indicated a significant increase in marrow neutrophil production in these mice, but regulatory mechanisms of this neutrophilia have not been well understood. In order to obtain information about neutrophil production mechanisms at the progenitor cell level, the profile of marrow granulocyte-macrophage progenitors in mice with neutrophilia induced by this tumor was quantitatively analyzed by cytochemical staining of in vitro colonies to distinguish colonies of neutrophils (N-colony), macrophages (M colony), and mixed cells (NM-colony). Cell cycle kinetics of progenitors were studied by in vivo administration of cytocidal drugs. The absolute number of N colonies in a femur increased significantly and reached three times normal three to four weeks after tumor implantation. The number of NM-colonies also increased significantly by the fourth week, but the number of M-colonies was unchanged. The number of N-colonies in a femur related directly to the degree of neutrophilia. The increased number of N-colonies from the marrow of tumor-bearing mice was not attributed to a different time course of colony growth nor to a different sensitivity to CSA; instead, a significantly larger fraction of neutrophilic progenitors from the tumor-bearing mice were in active cell cycle than were those of normal mice. The day 14 tumor-bearing mouse serum demonstrated N-colony stimulating activity while the sera of normal mice and day 7 tumor-bearing mice were inhibitory for in vitro colony growth. These studies demonstrated an increase in the numbers and turnover rate of marrow neutrophilic progenitors in CE tumor-induced neutrophilia, suggesting that this tumor stimulates proliferation of these progenitors in vivo. PMID- 6611183 TI - The effects of tumor-promoting phorbol esters on human granulopoiesis in vitro. AB - In order to determine whether the tumor-promoting phorbol esters are capable of inducing normal human committed granulocytic-monocytic progenitor cells (CFUc) to proliferate and differentiate in the absence of granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating activity (CSA), we studied the effects of these compounds on human granulopoiesis in vitro. We found that when light-density human marrow cells or peripheral blood leukocytes were depleted of adherent cells and then incubated in semisolid tissue culture medium under conditions optimal for CFUc growth, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and its congeners produced no measurable stimulatory effect on the proliferation of CFUc in the absence of added CSA. Likewise, when light-density marrow cells that had not been depleted of adherent cells were plated in the cultures, no stimulation of CFUc colony growth resulted from the addition of PMA. However, when light-density peripheral blood leukocytes were used as a target source of CFUc without first subjecting them to adherence separation, enhanced proliferation and differentiation of CFUc were noted in cultures that contained PMA. To investigate the possibility that CSA production by monocytes in these cultures in response to activation by PMA might account for the enhanced colony formation that we observed, we incubated isolated peripheral blood monocytes in short-term liquid suspension cultures and found that in the presence of PMA, large quantities of CSA were secreted into the surrounding medium. Finally, we noted that when marrow cell suspensions were suboptimally stimulated by low concentrations of CSA added to the cultures, the effects of PMA on CFUc proliferation were unpredictable, enhancing colony formation in some cases and inhibiting it in others. Our data indicate that although the tumor promoting phorbol esters do not appear capable of directly stimulating the proliferation or differentiation of human CFUc in the absence of CSA, they may do so indirectly by causing auxiliary cells such as monocytes to secrete CSA. PMID- 6611184 TI - Irradiation induces release of von Willebrand protein from endothelial cells in culture. AB - Human umbilical vein endothelial cells in tissue culture were irradiated with doses between 0 and 40 Gy, and the released von Willebrand (vW) protein and that which remained associated with the cells was quantitated. Doses of 20 Gy and higher produced a statistically significant increase in amount of vW protein secreted. This release was present whether the cells were labeled continuously throughout the experiment or just prelabeled before irradiation. An increase in fibronectin secretion was not observed. The release response to radiation was slow, reaching significance close to 24 hours after irradiation. The release of vW protein was not due to cell lysis, because the secreted vW protein contained very little of the large 260-kilodalton vW precursor subunit present in cell lysates and the cells appeared intact by immunofluorescence staining. PMID- 6611186 TI - Bronchial reactivity and small airway dysfunction in subjects with intermediate alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. AB - Lesions in small airways may cause increased central deposition of inhaled aerosol. This may enhance airway constriction following methacholine (MCh) challenge. Heterozygous alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (PiMZ) and smoking may both act on the lung parenchyma and may also influence small airways. We, therefore, have related bronchial reactivity to MCh to the function of the small airways and to smoking habits in 31 normal (PiM) male subjects aged 48-50 years and 34 PiMZ male subjects, all from a population study. A total of 23 subjects with increased bronchial reactivity was found. The number of reacting smokers (14/23) was significantly higher than that of the reacting ex-smokers (7/23) (p less than 0.05) and nonsmokers (2/19) (p less than 0.05). The smokers who had increased reactivity to MCh challenge had significantly higher closing capacity %, RV/TLC %, and volume of trapped gas % than the smokers who did not have increased reactivity. This difference was not seen with regard to closing volume %, slope index, delta N2 %/1, or washout volume. There was no significant difference between the PiM and the PiMZ subjects with regard to any of the lung function variables or the response to the MCh challenge. It is concluded that there may be a correlation between dysfunction of the small airways and increased bronchial reactivity. PMID- 6611185 TI - Modulation of EL-4 mouse lymphoma cell proliferation by macrophages and tumor related factors. AB - It is well known that macrophages play an important role in the control of tumor growth. This control may be the result of a direct action of macrophages or mediated by several biologically active products or factors elaborated by these and other cell populations. Our studies on the proliferation of a murine T-cell lymphoma (EL-4) showed that the treatment of the ascitic fluid (from the peritoneum of EL-4 bearing mice) with carbonyl iron resulted in a depletion of phagocytes concomitant with a significant increase of [3H] thymidine uptake by EL 4 cells. Further, the growth of EL-4 cells cultured in semisolid agar was significantly inhibited by an underlayer of large quantities of macrophages both from normal and EL-4 bearing mice as well as when cultured in the presence of PGE2. The underlayer of tumor macrophages P388 D1 resulted in an increase of the EL-4 cell growth. Also, conditioned media obtained from in vitro liquid cultures of EL-4 cells and L 1210 cells (B-lymphoma) produced a remarkable inhibition of the in vitro cloning capacity and [3H] thymidine uptake by EL-4 cells. These data support the hypothesis that different factors from normal and hemopoietic tumor cells may control the tumor growth and point out that self-produced factors may modulate the proliferation of tumor cells. PMID- 6611188 TI - Complications of bulimia nervosa. PMID- 6611187 TI - Effects of five different organic calcium antagonists on guinea-pig isolated trachea. AB - The relaxant effects of five organic calcium antagonists (nicardipine, diltiazem, PY 108068, verapamil and bepridil) on guinea-pig isolated trachea were tested against contractions induced by acetylcholine, histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, potassium chloride (KCl) and tetraethylammonium (TEA) in a medium containing the normal amount of calcium and against calcium dose-response curves in a calcium free, potassium-enriched medium. These effects were compared with those of spasmolytic or specific acetylcholine or histamine antagonists. In contrast to the other drugs tested, organic calcium antagonists exerted a specific inhibitory effect on KCl- and TEA-induced contractions. Their degree of activity was in the order: nicardipine greater than diltiazem greater than PY 108068 greater than verapamil greater than bepridil. All calcium antagonists inhibited calcium dose response curves at similar concentrations. Organic calcium antagonists therefore seem to exert a specific inhibitory effect on depolarizing agents in the guinea pig isolated trachea, unlike other tissues, notably some vascular smooth muscles. PMID- 6611189 TI - Bleeding duodenal varices. PMID- 6611190 TI - Massive rectal bleeding following faecal impaction. PMID- 6611191 TI - Brainstem projection to the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus in the rat: a CCK containing long ascending pathway. AB - In order to identify the source and topography of cholecystokinin-containing fibers innervating the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus (VMN), radioimmunoassay, immunocytochemistry, retrograde tracing of horseradish peroxidase and anterograde degeneration techniques were used. Cholecystokinin (CCK) disappeared almost totally from the VMN following a caudal diencephalic knife cut, which transected the medial fibers of the internal capsule, and the dorsolateral portion of the medial forebrain bundle at the level of the mammillary body. A number of cells in the ipsilateral dorsal parabrachial nucleus, furthermore, showed intense CCK-like immunoreactivity. The ascending CCK-containing fibers in the lateral part of the medial forebrain bundle reach the VMN from the lateral side. Neither the fibers of the stria terminalis, nor of the medial corticohypothalamic tract seem to carry any significant amount of CCK to the VMN. PMID- 6611192 TI - The anuran superficial reticular nucleus: evidence of homology with nuclei of the lateral lemniscus. AB - The superficial reticular nucleus (SR) of ranid frogs is part of a lateral cell column extending from the isthmus to the rostral tegmentum. The caudal part of this nucleus receives input from lower brainstem auditory nuclei and projects bilaterally to the torus semicircularis. On the basis of its position, connections, and sensitivity to acoustic stimuli, the caudal SR appears to be homologous to all or part of the mammalian nuclei of the lateral lemniscus. PMID- 6611193 TI - A comparison of the behavioral effects of CRF, sauvagine and urotensin I. AB - The 41 amino acid peptide, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), isolated from ovine hypothalami has been shown to have sequence homologies with two other peptides, sauvagine (SA) and urotensin I (UT). All 3 of these peptides share some common biological properties in their ability to stimulate the release of ACTH from pituitary cells and cause vasodilation in defined vascular beds. CRF administered into the cerebral ventricles (i.c.v.) has previously been shown to have the additional property of being able to elicit behavior in the rat which has elements resembling the behavioral response to the stress of environmental novelty. The structurally related peptides SA and UT are shown here to have behavioral effects similar to those of CRF. When administered in doses of 0.5-2.0 micrograms i.c.v. 60 min prior to testing in a novel open-field environment, all 3 peptides cause a decrease in the amount of food consumed in the open field and a decrease in the mean amount eaten per approach to the food pedestal. They also decrease rearing and increase grooming. In addition, the 3 peptides caused the occurrence of a 'ballistic tail' phenomenon and a high frequency tremor in the forelimbs of several animals. The order of potency of the peptides in producing these effects was SA greater than or equal to CRF greater than UT. This order of potency differs from that previously reported for effects on vasodilation or on release of pituitary ACTH. The free acid C-terminus deaminated form of CRF (CRF OH) failed to produce the profile of effects seen with the other peptides. PMID- 6611194 TI - Small-bowel varices. PMID- 6611195 TI - Adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia in a Caribbean patient: cytogenetic, immunologic, and ultrastructural findings. AB - Cytogenetic findings on immunologically and morphologically characterized leukemic cells from a Caribbean patient with adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia (ATLL) (HTLV+) are reported. Marker studies on peripheral blood lymphoid cells showed a mature postthymic phenotype: TdT-, OKT3+, OKT4+, OKT6-, OKT8-, 3A1-, anti-HLA-DR-. Light and electron microscopic analysis revealed a great cellular pleomorphism with respect to nuclear features. Three main types of leukemic cell were observed: typical multilobed ATLL lymphocytes, Sezary's syndrome (SS) cells, and cells intermediate between those two. Chromosome studies on PHA-stimulated cultures revealed three clones. The predominant clone was hyperdiploid; significant abnormalities were 1q+, 14q+, and 6q- (breakpoint q21), which are known to occur in lymphoid malignancies, together with trisomy 7q and i(17q), which have been reported previously in Japanese ATLL and the small variant of SS, respectively. The 14q+ marker was t(11;14)(q13;q22-24). The incidence of 6q-, trisomy 7q, and i(17q) varied within the main clone, and it is speculated that these chromosome abnormalities might be related to the variation observed in the cell types of this patient. Two minor clones had 6q- (breakpoint q25) and 13q+ markers, respectively. It was not possible to unequivocally establish the relationship between these three clones. The chromosomal, morphologic, and immunologic findings in this case support a close relationship between ATLL in Japan and in the Caribbean basin, as well as between the proliferating cells of ATLL and SS. PMID- 6611196 TI - Alteration of natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity in rats treated with selenium, diethylnitrosamine and ethylnitrosourea. AB - Weanling, female Sprague--Dawley rats were divided into 14 separate groups. Three of these groups were administered 0.5, 2.0 or 5.0 ppm selenium (Se) in the drinking water for 10 weeks. Three groups received intraperitoneal injections of 1, 5 or 10 mg/kg diethylnitrosamine (DEN) twice weekly for 10 weeks. The remaining animals received 0.150% or 0.316% ethylurea (EU) in the feed and 1 or 10 ppm nitrite as sodium nitrite in the drinking water either alone or in combination. Separate groups of rats treated with cyclophosphamide (CY) were included as positive immuno-suppressed controls. Following the 10-week chemical exposure period, splenic natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity was assessed by a 4-h chromium release assay using YAC-1 tumor cells as targets. The NK cell cytotoxic response was enhanced in both the low and medium dose selenium exposed groups. In contrast, rats exposed to 0.316% EU + 10 ppm NO2 had significantly depressed NK cell activity. CY treatment also resulted in a significant reduction of splenic NK cell cytotoxicity. PMID- 6611197 TI - The epidemic of the 80s: AIDS. PMID- 6611199 TI - Inhibitory activity on murine granulocytic colony formation of bone marrow cell conditioned medium obtained from colony-stimulating factor-producing tumor bearing nude mice. AB - The effects of bone marrow-conditioned medium obtained from colony-stimulating factor-producing tumor-bearing nude mice (G-BM-CM) on mouse and human granulocyte macrophage colony formation and mouse erythroid colony and burst formation were studied. Addition of G-BM-CM into the mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming system containing colony-stimulating activity more strongly inhibited granulocyte colony formation than did mixed granulocyte-macrophage and macrophage colony formation, while it did not change the number of granulocyte colonies formed by human bone marrow cells stimulated by human granulocyte colony-stimulating activity. Addition of G-BM-CM slightly increased mouse erythroid colony and burst numbers when it was added into an erythroid colony-forming system stimulated by erythropoietin (1 unit/ml), and into the erythroid burst-forming system stimulated by erythropoietin (1 unit/ml) and 7% spleen cell-conditioned medium. These results might indicate that G-BM-CM mainly blocked commitment of mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells to granulocytic progeny. PMID- 6611198 TI - Synergistic inhibition of leukemia L1210 cell growth in vitro by combinations of 2-fluoroadenine nucleosides and hydroxyurea or 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole[2,3 a]imidazole. AB - 9-beta-D-Arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine (2-F-ara-A) and 2-fluoro-2' deoxyadenosine (2-FdAdo) were potent inhibitors of L1210 cell growth in culture. Even though these 2-fluoroadenine nucleosides are very poor substrates for adenosine deaminase, erythro-9-(2-hydroxyl-3-nonyl)adenine potentiated the growth inhibitory properties of 2-FdAdo but not 2-F-ara-A in a synergistic manner. 2 FdAdo and 2-F-ara-A inhibited the conversion of [3H]cytidine to deoxycytidine nucleotides and incorporation into DNA, suggesting that ribonucleotide reductase was an intracellular site of action. 2-F-ara-A (6 microM) in combination with 2,3 dihydro-1H-pyrazole[2,3-a]imidazole gave synergistic inhibition of L1210 cell growth. At lower concentrations of 2-F-ara-A, the inhibition by this combination was only additive. The addition of Desferal to the combination of 2-F-ara-A plus 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole[2,3-a]imidazole provided a strong synergistic combination. Similar results were obtained with combinations which included F-ara A, hydroxyurea, and Desferal. The combinations of 2-FdAdo plus 2,3-dihydro-1H pyrazole[2,3-a]imidazole or hydroxyurea gave strong synergistic inhibition of L1210 cell growth, even at the lowest concentration of 2-FdAdo (0.6 microM) studied. The presence of Desferal in the combination served to further potentiate the synergism. PMID- 6611200 TI - Distinctive phorbol ester-induced morphological and surface antigen changes in mycosis fungoides, the Sezary syndrome, and adult T-cell leukemia. AB - Clinical and pathological studies of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) reveal variations in tumor cell morphology and surface membrane phenotype that are of diagnostic and prognostic importance. Our study investigates blastic transformation and surface antigen change on CTCL cells in vitro under the influence of tumor-promoting phorbol ester (TPA) and phytohemagglutinin. Both agents transformed tumor cells with cerebriform nuclei into blast cells within 5 days; however, Sezary cells were somewhat resistant to transformation with phytohemagglutinin. Multinucleated cells with prominent nucleoli resembled Reed Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease. These morphological changes simulated the appearance of the aggressive tumor stage of mycosis fungoides. During blastic transformation, the erythrocyte rosette receptor was induced by TPA on sheep erythrocyte-rosette-negative Sezary cells from one patient. During the first 24 hr in vitro, Sezary and MF cells stimulated by TPA lost Leu 3a (T4) antigen while maintaining original high levels of Leu 1 antigen. In contrast, leukemia cells from patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) were resistant to modulation of Leu 3a antigen by TPA; 3A1 antigen on CTCL and ATL cells was unaffected by TPA. Blastic transformation of CTCL cells was observed with both TPA and phytohemagglutinin, but helper T-cell antigen Leu 3a (T4) and erythrocyte rosette receptor changes occurred only with TPA. Thus, blastic transformation and surface differentiation were not directly related. These results provide a possible model for the study of blastic transformation and surface antigen/receptor variation in CTCL. They also may provide an independent test for the distinction of CTCL and ATL in vitro. Finally, they illustrate the relative resistance of ATL to surface antigen modulation as previously shown for Tac antigen modulation by anti-Tac antibody. PMID- 6611201 TI - Cyclophosphamide-induced appearance of immunopotentiating T-cells in the spleens of mice bearing a large MOPC-315 tumor. AB - Following low-dose cyclophosphamide (CY) therapy (15 mg/kg) of mice bearing a large MOPC-315 tumor, the suppressive activity of their Sephadex G-10-adherent spleen cells (primarily macrophages) is overcome. Accordingly, when Sephadex G-10 adherent spleen cells from CY-treated tumor-bearing mice are added to the in vitro immunization culture of normal spleen cells, they do not suppress but actually bring about the generation of an augmented level of antitumor cytotoxicity. The ability to enhance the generation of antitumor cytotoxicity appears in the Sephadex G-10-adherent spleen cell population by Day 5 post-CY therapy of tumor-bearing mice and persists for at least 55 days; no such immunopotentiation is observed following administration of a low dose of CY to normal mice. In order for the immunopotentiating cells from CY-treated tumor bearing mice to be effective in enhancing the generation of antitumor cytotoxicity, they must be added to the immunization culture of normal spleen cells no later than Day 3 (out of the 5 days) post-culture initiation. The CY induced immunopotentiating activity resides in the T-cells, as is evident from the following observations. The immunopotentiating activity was abolished when the Sephadex G-10-adherent spleen cell population from CY-treated tumor-bearing mice was depleted of T-cells by anti-Thy 1.2 plus complement but not when this adherent spleen cell population was depleted of macrophages by carbonyl iron and magnet. Moreover, the immunopotentiating activity was also present in a population of CY-treated tumor-bearer spleen cells highly enriched for T-cells by passage through nylon wool columns. Thus, low-dose CY therapy overcomes the immunosuppressive activity of macrophages and induces the appearance of T-cell mediated immunopotentiating activity, thereby leading to the development of an augmented level of antitumor cytotoxicity that can cooperate effectively with the tumoricidal activity of CY in the eradication of a late-stage, large s.c. tumor and extensive metastases. PMID- 6611202 TI - Monoclonal antibody phenotyping of interindividual differences in cytochrome P 450-dependent reactions of single and twin human placenta. AB - Cytochromes P-450 are a family of enzymes responsible for metabolism of drug and xenobiotics, such as carcinogen, and certain physiological compounds, such as steroids and prostaglandins. We prepared a monoclonal antibody (MAb 1-7-1) to a polycyclic hydrocarbon-induced rat cytochrome P-450 that antigenically defines and inhibits a type of cytochrome P-450 responsible for aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylase (ECD) activity in human placenta. We examined the placentas from single and twin births from mothers who smoked cigarettes and nonsmokers. The MAb 1-7-1 inhibited the smoking-induced AHH activity of essentially the entire population of placentas by 70 to 95%. Thus, up to 95% of the AHH in a population of human placentas is catalyzed by a type of cytochrome P-450 that contains an antigenic site recognized by MAb 1-7-1. A second type of cytochrome P-450, which is insensitive to MAb 1-7-1, is responsible for the ECD activity in the placentas of nonsmokers. In the placentas from smokers, both types of P-450 contribute to ECD activity. Their ratios can be determined by the amount of inhibition by MAb 1-7-1 which ranges from 0 to 70%. The placentas from both dizygotic and dichorionic monozygotic twins show extraordinarily high intrapair concordance for both the absolute amounts of AHH and ECD and their inhibition by MAb 1-7-1 compared with unrelated individuals, indicating that interindividual differences in these parameters of biological activity are not due to random variation or experimental error. Our results show that the amount of activity of antigenically unique types of cytochrome P-450 responsible for different drug and carcinogen reactions can be measured in different individuals by the amount of their inhibition by highly specific monoclonal antibodies. These findings may have general application to studies on the relationship cytochrome P-450 phenotype to population differences in drug and carcinogen biotransformation. PMID- 6611203 TI - Inhibition of dimethyl sulfoxide-induced differentiation of Friend erythroleukemic cells by 5'-methylthioadenosine. AB - 5'-Methylthioadenosine is a sulfur-containing nucleoside derived from the metabolism of polyamines which is known to exert an antiproliferative effect on several cell systems in vitro, including the Friend leukemia cell system. We have investigated the role of 5'-methylthioadenosine on the dimethyl sulfoxide-induced differentiation of this system. At a concentration of 400 microM, the drug strongly inhibited (80%) the induced differentiation of Friend cells, and this effect was already observable at a concentration as low as 10 microM (36% inhibition), as evidenced by the benzidine staining procedure and by the dot-blot hybridization of globin mRNA with a human beta-globin probe. Similar results have been obtained by using 5'-S-isobutylthioadenosine, which is a synthetic structural analogue of 5'-methylthioadenosine. The block of differentiation produced by these nucleosides was not mediated by adenine (a catabolite of both molecules) and was not reverted by spermine or spermidine, the two polyamines whose synthesis is inhibited by 5'-methylthioadenosine. We report a decrease of the aminopropyltransferases activities (the enzymes responsible for 5' methylthioadenosine biosynthesis) in dimethyl sulfoxide-treated Friend cells, which could lead to a decrease of the intracellular content of 5' methylthioadenosine during the erythroid maturation of Friend cells. The results obtained are consistent with the hypothesis that 5'-methylthioadenosine may act as an endogenous regulator of Friend cell differentiation. PMID- 6611205 TI - [The effect of antithrombocyte drugs on the patency of aortocoronary bypass]. PMID- 6611204 TI - Phase II study of sequential methotrexate and 5-FU plus mitomycin and leucovorin in patients with disseminated large bowel cancer: a Northern California Oncology Group study. AB - Sequential methotrexate (MTX) and 5-FU plus leucovorin and mitomycin (MMC) was given to 52 patients with disseminated, measurable colorectal cancer. Complete and partial responses were seen in 19 of 49 (39%) evaluable patients. Nine additional patients achieved a minimal response. Median overall survival was 8.8 months, while that for patients objectively responding was 13.6 months. This study utilized a MTX exposure period of 12 hours prior to 5-FU. In comparison to other trials utilizing sequential MTX and 5-FU, the addition of MMC to the regimen may improve the response rate but increases the incidence of adverse effects, particularly myelosuppression and renal toxicity. This phase II trial suggests that sequential MTX and 5-FU plus leucovorin and MMC is an active combination therapy and warrants further comparative trial in patients with large bowel cancer. PMID- 6611206 TI - Coronary artery dissection secondary to coronary arteriography: case report and review. AB - A case of catheter-induced proximal dissection of an angiographically normal left coronary artery is reported. Dissection was not associated with pressure damping and myocardial ischemia was delayed until 1 hour after dissection occurred. Prompt recognition of this entity is essential as emergency revascularization is the treatment of choice when significant amounts of myocardium are threatened. PMID- 6611207 TI - Mouse T cell antigen receptor: structure and organization of constant and joining gene segments encoding the beta polypeptide. AB - The germ-line joining (J) gene segments and constant (C) genes encoding the beta chain of the mouse T cell antigen receptor have been isolated on a single cosmid clone. There are two constant genes, C beta 1 and C beta 2, each associated with a cluster of J beta gene segments. The nucleotide sequences of the C beta 2 gene and of the J beta 2 cluster gene segments have been determined. The coding sequence of the C beta 2 gene is very similar to the sequence of a cDNA clone encoded by the C beta 1 gene. The C beta 2 gene has four exons; exon-intron structure does not obviously correspond to the functional domains of the protein. The J beta 2 gene segment cluster contains six functional J gene segments. We have isolated specific probes for the C beta 1, C beta 2, J beta 1, and J beta 2 regions to examine DNA rearrangements in T lymphocytes. DNA rearrangements can occur in both J beta gene segment clusters, and both C beta genes appear functional. PMID- 6611208 TI - Immunological aspects of retinoids in humans. I. Analysis of retinoic acid enhancement of thymocyte responses to PHA. AB - We previously reported that retinoic acid (RA) enhances the blastogenic responses of human thymocytes. In this study, we explored the mechanism(s) of this effect by determining the phenotype of cells that show augmented responses to PHA and by analyzing RA effects on regulatory events mediated by interleukin-2 (IL-2). Our results indicate that RA is required early in the PHA activation process and that thymocytes affected by RA treatment already express the "mature" T3 antigen but lack T6 and Fc mu receptors. In the presence of saturating concentrations of exogeneous IL-2, RA caused further enhancement of both unfractionated and T3+ thymocyte proliferation, but could not induce immature T3- cells to become PHA responsive. RA treatment of thymus cells did not affect IL-2 production nor IL-2 dependent T-cell blast growth. RA-induced enhancement appears to induce increased sensitivity of T3+T6-Fc mu- thymocytes to PHA activation, but does not alter either IL-2-dependent proliferation or the accessory cells involved in IL-2 production. PMID- 6611209 TI - Analysis of nondominant idiotypes expressed during alloimmune responses. AB - The antibody response of Lewis rats (RT1.A) to class I MHC antigens of the Brown Norway rat (RT1.An) was studied. Diversity of the serum alloimmune response was analyzed using syngeneic anti-idiotype raised against monoclonal antibodies of the same specificity. Cross-reactive idiotypes were detected on approximately one in one thousand Lewis anti-RT1.An serum antibodies, at concentrations ranging from 20 to 600 ng/ml. The kinetics of idiotype expression coincided with that of total anti-BN antibody production, suggesting that both were regulated by the same mechanism. To determine whether humoral anti-idiotype was involved in such regulation, sera from these animals were screened for anti-idiotype content. Using an RIA sensitive to 20 ng/ml, no humoral anti-idiotype could be detected during any phase of the alloimmune response. PMID- 6611210 TI - Lyt phenotype of cytotoxic T cells: shift from Lyt-1+2+3+ to a mixed population of Lyt-1+2+3+ and Lyt-1-2+3+ during in vitro culture. AB - The Lyt phenotype of cytotoxic T cells generated in the primary H-2 response was investigated kinetically. The cytotoxicity generated in the early stage of culture was abolished by treatment with alpha Lyt-1,2,3, and complement (C), whereas that generated in the late stage was only partially eliminated by alpha Lyt-1, but was abolished by alpha Lyt-2, 3, and C. This suggested late expansion of the Lyt-1-2+3+ population. Lack of Lyt-1 antigen was confirmed with cells that were depleted of Lyt-1+ from primary culture and then stimulated in the secondary response by elimination of cytotoxicity and by direct Lyt typing. Results indicated that the response of proliferative and cytotoxic T cells of the Lyt 1+2+3+ phenotype in the early stage of culture was followed by activation of Lyt 1-2+3+ T cells. Cytotoxic T cells in the late stage were shown to be a mixture of Lyt-1+2+3+ and Lyt-1-2+3+ cells. This was confirmed with cytotoxic T cells from secondary culture and uncloned long-term T cell lines. PMID- 6611211 TI - Heterogeneous accessory cell requirement for human peripheral blood T lymphocyte activation by PHA into IL-2-responsive colony-forming cells. AB - Mitogen-driven T cell proliferation in liquid culture requires accessory cells that cooperate in interleukin 2 production. We have investigated the accessory cell requirement for human lymphocyte colony formation under PHA stimulation. Semisolid medium limits cell-to-cell contact emphasizing the role of cooperating cells both in growth factor production and in triggering events. Culturing at high T cell density demonstrates that accessory cells can be substituted for colony formation by exogenous IL-2. Culturing at low T cell density in the presence of IL-2 also demonstrates that accessory cells are required for activation of a subset of progenitors into IL-2 responsive colony-forming cells. Consequently, T colony progenitors, contained in the E-rosetting cell fraction of peripheral blood, are heterogeneous in their triggering signals: a minor subset is directly inducible by PHA, and a major subset is inducible by PHA in the presence of accessory cells. We found that monocytes and some leukemic B cells support effective accessory function in both colony growth factor production and colony progenitor sensitization. PMID- 6611212 TI - Enhancement of tumor growth in mice: evidence for the involvement of host macrophages. AB - Intratumor host cells of methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma(s) were shown to enhance the in vivo outgrowth of syngeneic homologous tumors (MC1A, Mc2A, Mc2B) but not two heterologous T-lymphomas (EL4 and TLX9) in the Winn adoptive transfer assay. This enhancing activity was not restricted only to the latent period of tumor growth but was also observed during the period of active in vivo tumor proliferation. Tumor enhancement was mediated by a population of cells adherent to nylon wool and glass and insensitive to irradiation (with 850 rads) or to treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 serum and complement. Macrophages from peritoneal exudates of normal mice, used as control host cell population, showed similar tumor-enhancing activity. These findings suggest that tumor infiltrating host cells, predominantly macrophages appear to be the cell type responsible for tumor enhancement and active promotion of tumor growth (in vivo). PMID- 6611213 TI - Capping of the surface OKT3 binding molecule prevents the T-cell proliferative response to antigens: evidence that this molecule conveys the activation signal. AB - The human T-lymphocyte receptor for antigen appears to have been localized to a cluster of associated surface glycoprotein molecules, among which is the OKT3 binding molecule. We have tested the hypothesis that selective removal of the OKT3 binding molecule eliminates the cellular immune response to antigens by clearing the surface of the molecule that conveys the activation signal. Enriched T cells were obtained from donors immune to purified protein derivative (PPD), streptokinase-streptodornase (SK-SD), or keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). T-3 molecules were cleared from the cell surface by capping with OKT3 and F(ab')2 goat anti-mouse IgG. Regeneration of surface molecules was prevented by culturing the T-3 capped cells with OKT3 625 ng/ml. The capacity of capped T cells to proliferate in culture with antibody in response to antigens, alloantigens, and the mitogens, PHA and ionophore A23187, was compared to uncapped cells pretreated with media and to capped cells permitted to regenerate the OKT3 binding molecule. T-3 capped cells cultured in the presence of antibody failed to proliferate to antigens or alloantigens. However, T-3 capped cells cocultured with antibody also did not significantly proliferate to PHA, but did respond to A23187. In contrast, both media-treated T cells and cells which had regenerated the OKT3 binding molecule proliferated to mitogens, antigens, or alloantigens. The requirement for the OKT3 binding molecule was determined by utilizing T-1, T-4, and T-8 capped cells. T-1, T-4, or T-8 capped cells cultured in the presence of OKT1, OKT4, or OKT8 proliferated in response to antigens, alloantigens, and mitogens. These results demonstrate that in the absence of the OKT3 binding molecule, antigens, alloantigens, and PHA failed to induce a significant cellular proliferative response. In the absence of this molecule, PHA cannot bind to its carbohydrate moiety, and therefore cannot activate T cells to proliferate. These data support the concept that the molecule binding OKT3 conveys the transmembrane signal resulting in cellular activation. PMID- 6611214 TI - Regulation of NK cell activity by prostaglandin E2: the role of T cells. AB - The influence of T cells on the production of prostaglandins (PGE2) and on PGE2 mediated regulation of natural killer (NK) activity was studied. Supernatants from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and from PBMC depleted of T cells ((PBMC)-T), both of which had been incubated in plastic petri dishes overnight, contained similar amounts of PGE2, as detected by radioimmunoassay and by their potential to inhibit NK activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a 51Cr release assay with K 562 cells as the target population. However, the NK activity of PBMC was inhibited significantly more strongly (P less than 0.005) by PGE2 containing supernatants than was the NK activity of (PBMC)-T. In further assays, in which synthetic PGE2 in concentrations of 10(-4) and 10(-5)M was added, a significant inhibition of NK activity was observed in PBMC populations (P less than 0.05), but not in (PBMC)-T. Thus, T cells did not seem to be involved in the control of PGE2 production, but their presence was necessary for PGE2-mediated inhibition of NK activity. PMID- 6611215 TI - Arterial and venous coronary pressure-flow relations in anesthetized dogs. Evidence for a vascular waterfall in epicardial coronary veins. AB - The coronary circulation of anesthetized dogs was tested for the presence of vascular waterfalls by manipulating coronary arterial and coronary venous pressures. The left main coronary artery and the coronary sinus were cannulated, and relationships between coronary artery pressure, coronary sinus pressure, and coronary flow were studied. Experiments were conducted during diastolic arrests, under steady state conditions, in the absence of autoregulation. Relations of coronary flow to coronary sinus pressure at constant coronary artery pressure were consistent with the presence of a vascular waterfall in the coronary sinus. When the great cardiac vein was cannulated, relations of great vein flow to great vein pressure at constant coronary artery pressure were consistent with the presence of a vascular waterfall in the great vein, indicating that waterfall behavior can occur in epicardial veins other than the coronary sinus. In dogs on right heart bypass, with the coronary sinus and great vein uncannulated, the relationship between right atrial pressure and coronary sinus pressure showed a waterfall pattern, indicating that the waterfall is not an artifact of venous cannulation. In the right heart bypass experiments, venous waterfall behavior was seen in beating hearts as well as during diastolic arrests. We conclude that a vascular waterfall is present in epicardial coronary veins which can significantly influence coronary blood flow. PMID- 6611216 TI - Optimal resources for radioactive tracer studies of the heart and circulation. Inter-Society Commission for Heart Disease Resources. Nuclear Medicine Study Group. PMID- 6611217 TI - The comparative effects of dopamine and dobutamine on ventricular mechanics after coronary artery bypass grafting: a pressure-dimension analysis. AB - To compare the contractile response to dopamine and dobutamine after coronary artery bypass grafting, 20 patients were instrumented with ultrasonic dimension transducers to measure left ventricular anterior/posterior minor-axis diameter and equatorial wall thickness. Micromanometers were placed to measure left ventricular transmural pressure. Pressure-dimension data were recorded and computer analyzed during dopamine and dobutamine infusions in each patient at 0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 micrograms/kg/min 16 to 20 hr after surgery. Contractility was measured by determination of maximal velocity of shortening of the ventricular diameter (mm/sec) and wall excursion (mm). Preload was assessed with end diastolic diameter and peak left ventricular wall stress (dynes-cm-2) was calculated at each dose. End-diastolic diameter was unchanged at equal doses of dopamine and dobutamine. However, ejection phase indexes of contractility were significantly higher with dobutamine than dopamine, and were associated with lower levels of peak wall stress and peripheral vascular resistance. These data indicate that use of dobutamine results in greater enhancement of left ventricular contractility without the disadvantage of excess demand on myocardial oxygen reserve produced by higher levels of myocardial wall tension. Furthermore, the decreased peripheral vascular resistance induced by dobutamine accounts for some of the differences in drug response, and is beneficial in optimizing myocardial oxygen balance during pharmacologic inotropic support of the bypass graft patient or other patients in whom there is a potential for development of myocardial ischemia. PMID- 6611218 TI - The effect of the site of placement of temporary epicardial pacemakers on ventricular function in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. AB - Temporary epicardial pacing leads are routinely placed in patients after cardiac surgery, but the positioning of ventricular leads and the use of atrial leads is not uniform. We examined the effect of the epicardial pacing site on ventricular function in 18 patients undergoing coronary surgery. Pacing wires were sutured in the right atrium, left ventricular apex, right ventricular apex, and right ventricular outflow tract before cardiopulmonary bypass. After atrial pacing, eight patients were ventricularly paced (group I) and 10 were atrioventricular (AV) sequentially (PR = 0.12 sec) paced (group II) at 100/minute from the three ventricular sites. Comparison of the groups showed that the addition of atrial activation during ventricular pacing resulted in higher cardiac indexes (2.54 +/- 0.61 vs 1.67 +/- 0.45 liters/min/m2;p less than .00005), higher systolic blood pressures (121 +/- 24 vs 89 +/- 26 mm Hg; p = .006), lower central venous pressures (5.5 +/- 3.2 vs 10.2 +/- 2.2 mm Hg; p = .048), and similar pulmonary arterial pressures (19.5 +/- 7.6/10.8 +/- 6.7 vs 24.7 +/- 3.5/15.4 +/- 3.4 mm Hg; p = NS). Cardiac index did not differ among group I patients during pacing from the different ventricular sites. In group II, cardiac index during pacing from the right ventricular apex was higher than during pacing from the right ventricular outflow tract or the left ventricular apex (2.62 +/- 0.57 vs 2.49 +/- 0.54 and 2.51 +/- 0.76 liters/min/m2, respectively; p = .03). Right ventricular outflow tract pacing resulted in higher cardiac indexes than left ventricular apical pacing in patients with stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery of 90% or more, while left ventricular apical pacing produced higher cardiac indexes in the absence of such lesions (p = .006).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6611219 TI - Evaluation of fibrin sealing for cardiovascular surgery. AB - Hemorrhage remains a problem in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. To evaluate fibrin sealant, a completely biodegradable hemostatic agent, three series of experiments were performed in mongrel dogs. In series I, 18 dogs had a 7 cm interposition of knitted Dacron (water porosity 1500 ml/min/cm2) in the descending aorta. In group A, all prostheses were treated with fibrin sealant and in group B by blood preclotting. Measurements of blood loss demonstrated 1.29 +/- 0.26 ml/min in group A as compared with 30.16 +/- 2.85 ml/min in group B (p less than .001). In series II, six dogs of each group were compared for thrombogenicity and platelet survival by using indium-111-labeled autologous platelets. According to Goldman et al., the thrombogenicity index was calculated. The mean thrombogenicity index for group A was 0.23 +/- 0.02 in contrast to 0.33 +/- 0.05 for group B (p greater than .05). Mean platelet survival was 5.59 +/- 0.23 days in group A in contrast to 5.34 +/- 0.05 days in group B (p greater than .05). In series III, the gluing potential was investigated by creating four types of injuries: four dogs had an aortic stab wound 3 to 5 mm, six dogs received a 10 to 15 mm stab wound to the left ventricle, seven dogs had a 3 cm laceration of the left atrial appendage, and four dogs had bilateral division of their carotid arteries. Wounds of the aorta and left atrial appendage were treated by partial clamping and the sole use of fibrin sealant, the carotid arteries were repaired by four simple sutures and fibrin sealant, and the left ventricular stab wounds were treated by the combined use of heterologous collagen and fibrin sealant without suture.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6611220 TI - Comparison of late changes in internal mammary artery and saphenous vein grafts in two consecutive series of patients 10 years after operation. AB - Postoperative angiographic studies were carried out at 1 month, 1 year, and 10 years in two groups of patients: 238 patients with saphenous vein (SV) grafts and 40 patients with internal mammary artery (IMA) grafts. Cumulative patency was better in IMA grafts, both at 1 year (88.5% vs 76.4%) and at 10 years (84.1% vs 52.8%). Atheromatous changes in patent grafts at 10 years were frequent in SV grafts (29/66 or 43.9%) and uncommon in IMA grafts (1/19 or 5.2%; p less than .02). Attrition rate (11.8%) during the first year in IMA grafts (representing our initial experience with IMA grafts) was comparable to that of SV grafts (15.2%) in a group of patients operated on after 2 years of experience. Therefore, early attrition rate may be related to both experience and type of conduit. Later, at 10 years, the conduit itself appears to be the dominant factor. Furthermore, patients who received IMA grafts had a better survival rate at 10 years (84.3% vs 70%) than those who underwent SV bypass grafting. PMID- 6611221 TI - The left internal mammary artery: the graft of choice. PMID- 6611223 TI - The value of preoperative exercise testing in predicting long-term survival in patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery. AB - To determine whether preoperative exercise testing adds important independent prognostic information in patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery, 35 variables were analyzed in 1241 patients enrolled in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study registry. All patients underwent a treadmill exercise test before bypass surgery and were followed for up to 7 years. Survival in this surgical cohort was 90.6% (1124 of 1241). Multivariate stepwise dicriminant analysis identified the left ventricular score and the final exercise stage achieved as the two most important (p less than .001) independent predictors of postoperative survival. In a subgroup of 416 patients with three-vessel coronary disease and preserved left ventricular function, the probability of postoperative survival at 7 years ranged from 95% for those patients able to exercise to stage 4 to 83% for those whose ability was limited to stage 1 of exercise. Thus, the preoperative exercise test, by assessing the functional capacity of the cardiovascular system, is an important independent predictor of postoperative survival. PMID- 6611222 TI - The role of the sequential internal mammary artery graft in coronary surgery. AB - The use of sequential internal mammary artery grafts is a possible method of improving overall long-term graft patency in patients receiving coronary artery bypass grafts. Twenty-nine patients who had sequential grafts were studied. The left internal mammary artery was anastomosed side-to-side to the diagonal and end to-side to the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in 24 patients, side-to-side to the proximal LAD and end-to-side to the distal LAD for proximal and midvessel obstruction in four patients, and in one patient the left internal mammary artery was grafted side-to-side to the first marginal branch of the circumflex artery and end-to-side to the second marginal branch. There were no operative deaths, but one patient died 10 months after surgery from viral pneumonia. There was no evidence of left ventricular failure. None of the patients suffered perioperative myocardial infarction or return of their angina. Eleven patients underwent postoperative stress tests and results were negative in all. Graft visualization in three patients showed patent grafts without kinking or narrowing. These findings suggest that the sequential internal mammary artery graft is safe and should improve overall long-term patency. We particularly recommend its use in the younger patient. PMID- 6611224 TI - Non-specific serum/plasma response in radioimmunoassay of pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) in healthy, non-pregnant subjects. PMID- 6611225 TI - Circannual rhythms of plasma growth hormone, thyrotropin and thyroid hormones in prepuberty. AB - To clarify the occurrence of circannual GH, TSH, T4 and T3 rhythms in prepuberty we have been studying, for a four year period, 150 healthy subjects, aged 6-10, by cross-sectional design. Plasma samples were taken at 0800 h and all hormones were measured by RIA. The occurrence of any circannual rhythm was statistically investigated by the cosinor method. A significant rhythm was validated (P = 0.02) only in TSH secretion, with annual crest time in December; GH, T4, T3 did not show a circannual rhythm. Our results seem to strengthen the hypothesis that the thyroid hormones, at least before puberty, do not play an important role in the regulation of circannual TSH periodicity. PMID- 6611226 TI - A sensitive and selective radioimmunoassay for serum 24,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol in man. AB - We have developed a sensitive and selective radioimmunoassay for 24,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (24,25(OH)2D3). Antisera with a high titre and affinity to 24,25(OH)2D3 were raised in rabbits immunized with a protein conjugate of the 3-hemisuccinate derivative of 24,25(OH)2D3. Serum samples were extracted by methanol/dichloromethane and the lipid extracts purified on Sephadex LH 20 and chromatographed by single step HPLC on a straight phase silica column. The radioimmunoassay is capable of measuring 24,25(OH)2D3 in the '24,25(OH)2D complex' isolated by HPLC and containing the comigrating metabolites: 24,25(OH)2D3, 24,25(OH)2D2, 25(OH)D3-26,23 lactone and 25,26(OH)2D2. The detection limit of 2 pg/assay tube is a marked improvement, compared to the competitive protein binding assay using rachitic rat serum. Measured by the radioimmunoassay 24,25(OH)2D3 ranged from 0.05 to 1.96 ng/ml with a mean of 0.85 ng/ml in 34 healthy adults. For comparison 24,25(OH)2D, measured simultaneously by competitive protein binding with rachitic rat serum, ranged from 0.1 to 4.0 ng/ml with a mean of 1.76 ng/ml. PMID- 6611227 TI - Cutaneous B cell lymphocytic lymphoma associated with paraproteinaemia. PMID- 6611228 TI - Histiocytosis X in an adult mimicking pyoderma gangrenosum. PMID- 6611229 TI - Specific autoantibody slows the rapid plasma clearance of 125I-SS-B (La) in mice. AB - In BALB/c mice the plasma clearance of intravenously (i.v.) injected 125I-SS-B (La) (T 1/2 = 3 min) is markedly delayed when complexed in vitro to specific autoantibody (T 1/2 = 60 min) and is associated with diminished hepatic and renal uptake. The in vivo behaviour of 11S 125I-SS-B-IgG-anti-SS-B complexes was similar to that of 20-30S 125I-heat-aggregated IgG. The presence of anti-SS-B antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren's syndrome could similarly result in persistence of SS-B containing immune complexes and provide a mechanism which may perpetuate autoimmunity. PMID- 6611230 TI - Interleukin-2 reverses deficient cell-mediated immune responses in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The depressed cell-mediated immunity in rheumatoid arthritis was investigated in vivo by cutaneous hypersensitivity responses to seven antigens including tuberculin PPD, and in vitro by lymphocyte transformation to the latter antigen. In vivo 40% of rheumatoid patients were anergic compared to 2% of controls (P less than 0.001) with an associated reduction in sum score (5.9 +/- 6.5 vs 15.3 +/- 8.7, P less than 0.001). In vitro lymphocyte proliferation to PPD was also significantly depressed (P less than 0.001) and could not be reversed by indomethacin. A significant correlation between the in vivo sum scored (induration in mm) and in vitro thymidine incorporation (d/min) (r = 0.59, P less than 0.001) was found. In an attempt to overcome the depressed in vitro response the addition of a crude supernatant from a mixed lymphocyte reaction was found to return the PPD stimulated lymphocyte proliferation to the normal range. This effect was mimicked by purified IL-2 but not purified IL-1. The implications of this finding are are discussed. PMID- 6611231 TI - Spectrotypic analysis of antibodies to acetylcholine receptors in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. AB - We have studied the isoelectric focusing pattern of antibodies expressed in rats with experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) induced by immunization with acetylcholine receptors (AChR) purified from Torpedo californica. Sera or tissue eluates were obtained at intervals in the course of disease and subjected to isoelectric focusing. Subsequently, the focused antibodies were detected by autoradiography of gels labelled with 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin conjugated AChR. Reverse electrofocusing was used to separate complexes of antibody and AChR formed in vivo, thereby allowing detection of the full spectrotype (banding pattern). As little as 1.1 X 10(-12) moles of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to AChR yielded distinct bands of radiolabelled antigen binding by this technique. The anti-AChR MoAbs studied showed a multitude of bands localized in neutral to alkaline position. The clonotypes expressed in late post-immunization sera were compared to early sera. The spectrotypes of immunized Lewis and Brown Norway rats were not identical. In early sera most of the isoelectric focusing bands were specific for T. californica AChR, whereas in late sera further expansion of the repertoire produced bands that reacted with rat muscle AChR as well. The focused bands that bound rat AChR also bound T. californica AChR. The anti-AChR antibodies eluted from muscles of rats with EAMG showed similar binding patterns to anti-receptor antibodies in rats' sera. These results indicate that the antibody specificities detected in serum are the same specificities which are effective in binding to muscle AChR in vivo. Minor specificities of serum anti receptor antibodies are not disproportionally represented in the antibodies actually bound at the neuromuscular junction in EAMG. PMID- 6611232 TI - Human coronary laser recanalization. AB - Five patients undergoing distal saphenous vein bypass had an attempt at intraoperative laser vaporization of a proximal coronary stenosis. Laser treatment of three patients was technically successful. One patient's successfully treated native vessel was competing with the graft at angiographic restudy 25 days after the procedure. This first human intraoperative laser recanalization trial generated questions regarding the energy source, power parameters, and catheter modifications required for satisfactory clinical laser therapy. The trial is directing future experiments toward more efficient and complete laser vaporization of atherosclerotic plaques in the human coronary vasculature. PMID- 6611233 TI - Red blood cell gastrointestinal bleeding scintigraphy. Appearance of the left ovarian vein. AB - A case report is presented describing visualization of the left ovarian vein during technetium-99m labeled red blood cell (Tc-99m RBC) gastrointestinal scintigraphy. It demonstrates the usefulness of early dynamic images in differentiating the left ovarian vein from activity within the left ureter that may occur secondary to excretion of free technetium. The left ovarian vein may be visualized during Tc-99m RBC gastrointestinal scintigraphy and should not be mistaken for aberrant vasculature. PMID- 6611234 TI - The bitewing examination as a preventive aid to the control of approximal caries. PMID- 6611235 TI - Posttreatment benefits from participation in a school-based fluoride mouthrinsing demonstration program. Results after 4 to 6 years of rinsing. PMID- 6611236 TI - Fluoride concentrations in tea. Its uptake by hydroxyapatite and effect on dissolution rate. PMID- 6611237 TI - The effect of Octapinol, a substance with low antibacterial activity, on denture plaque and denture-induced stomatitis. PMID- 6611238 TI - Factors of importance in the treatment planning of caries patients. PMID- 6611239 TI - The effects of aging on the digestive system. PMID- 6611240 TI - Ontogenetic development of L-gulonolactone oxidase activity in several vertebrates. AB - Activity of L-gulonolactone oxidase (EC 1.1.3.8) in livers of fetal Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus was detectable on the 18th day of gestation, increased rapidly to maxima at 15 and 5 days postpartum for the two species, respectively, and thereafter declined to adult levels. L-Gulonolactone oxidase was not detectable in liver or kidney of fetal guinea pigs at any stage of development. Near-term fetal snowshoe hares had higher activities of liver L gulonolactone oxidase than observed in a large sample of adults. L-Gulonolactone oxidase was detectable in chicken (Gallus gallus) embryos by the sixth day of incubation, increased rapidly in the kidney with no discontinuity at hatching, reached a maximum at about the 35th day from the beginning of incubation, and then declined to adult levels. Barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) embryos appeared to synthesize little if any L-ascorbic acid; nestlings had considerably higher levels of L-gulonolactone oxidase than adults. Tadpoles of three species of frogs had appreciable levels of L-gulonolactone oxidase activity. PMID- 6611241 TI - Vertebrate class distribution of 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acetylhydrolase in serum. AB - Serum from numerous mammals and lower vertebrates contains an enzyme activity that is specific for the hydrolysis of the acetate moiety of 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn glycero-3-phosphocholine (PAF, platelet activating factor). Acetylhydrolase (EC 3.1.1.47, 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acetylhydrolase) was found in all mammalian sera with activity ranging from 11 (fetal calf) to 178 (rabbit) pmol acetate liberated/microliter serum/min. The enzyme is not present in avian serum but is a constituent of reptiles and bony fishes. PMID- 6611242 TI - Gas computed tomographic cisternography: evaluation of small and intracanalicular acoustic neuromas. AB - With improvements in microsurgical techniques, early evaluation of small and intracanalicular acoustic neuromas has taken on added importance. Since its introduction in 1979 by Sortland, several authors have demonstrated the accuracy and safety of computed tomography combined with gas cerebellopontine angle cisternography in the early diagnosis of acoustic neuromas. We present our experience with 32 patients referred for gas computed tomographic cisternography yielding five surgically proved acoustic neuromas, three of which were less than 1 cm in size. This procedure can be performed on an outpatient basis, has a low morbidity, and is highly accurate in diagnosing even purely intracanalicular tumors. Gas computed tomography cisternography offers several advantages over positive contrast cisternography, and is the procedure of choice in the radiologic diagnosis of acoustic neuromas after contrast-enhanced computed tomography has excluded the presence of a large tumor. PMID- 6611243 TI - Unsuspected mediastinal hematoma diagnosed by computed tomography. AB - A hemophiliac (factor VIII deficiency) was admitted with falling hematocrit after upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Computed tomography diagnosed a previously unsuspected large mediastinal hematoma. The use of CT in evaluating occult bleeding is discussed. PMID- 6611244 TI - Effects of complement depletion on pulmonary dysfunction in porcine septic acute respiratory failure. PMID- 6611246 TI - [Clinical analysis of 2,576 partograms in primipara with vertex presentation]. PMID- 6611245 TI - Telephonically-monitored home exercise early after coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - To evaluate the usefulness of telephonically-monitored home exercise in patients within two weeks postcoronary bypass surgery, we randomly enrolled 46 male patients in a 12-week home program of either short walks or bicycle ergometry. Home exercise was done five times weekly and monitored both before and immediately after three times weekly. New arrhythmias or conduction disturbances were detected in 18 of 23 (78 percent) of the bicycle group and in 20 of 23 (87 percent) of the short walk patients. New symptoms developed in three patients, two from the short walk group and one from the bicycle group. Two bikers and one walker developed elevated blood pressure; all were referred to physicians and were successfully managed. Electrocardiographic abnormalities led directly to diagnostic and therapeutic intervention in nine of the 46 patients-four bikers and five walkers. There were no complications such as ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. Technically clear telephone rhythm strips were obtained from patients calling both locally and long distance. PMID- 6611248 TI - [Effect of antithymocyte serum on growth and metastasis of murine tumor]. PMID- 6611247 TI - Elevated ANA titers in patients with severely abnormal gastrointestinal motility. AB - We studied a group of six patients with clinical, radiological, and/or manometric features of severely abnormal gastrointestinal motility. Symptoms suggestive of esophageal, small bowel, or colonic involvement were present from 1 1/2 to 40 years. All patients had elevated antinuclear antibody (ANA) titers. None had clinical or radiographic features suggestive of progressive systemic sclerosis or other connective tissue diseases. Two patients had pathologic examinations of intestinal specimens, and these did not show changes suggestive of progressive systemic sclerosis. We conclude that patients with severe gastrointestinal motility disorders can have elevated ANA titers without features of progressive systemic sclerosis or other connective tissue diseases. PMID- 6611249 TI - [Cerebral emission computer tomography (SPECT) with 123I-labeled amphetamines]. AB - Amphetamine is stored by brain tissue and permits its scintigraphic imaging, particularly with the single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). A total of 60 scintigraphic investigations in 54 patients were done. Investigations were done using an emission computed tomograph (rotating gamma-camera) after application of 123I-N-isopropyl-amphetamine. In 6 out of 24 patients with epilepsy a focus in agreement with EEG findings could be established despite negative cranial computed tomography (CT). In 4 out of 25 patients with cerebrovascular disease diminished perfusion was demonstrated although cranial CT was normal. In 10 out of 20 cases the extent of functional lesions demonstrated by SPECT was larger than could be assumed by cranial CT findings. Three patients with migraine and negative CT findings showed disorders of perfusion in the amphetamine-SPECT which were in agreement with the EEG. Brain SPECT using 123I labelled amphetamines thus offers the possibility to demonstrate functional perfusion and metabolic disorders which show no morphologic correlate in the cranial CT. In addition, foci demonstrated in cranial CT can be more precisely defined in their functional extent using the SPECT. PMID- 6611250 TI - The immotile cilia syndrome. PMID- 6611251 TI - Nacartocin--analogue of oxytocin with enhanced natriuretic properties: natriuretic and hemodynamic characteristics. AB - Nacartocin, [2-p-ethylphenylalanine]deamino-6-carba-oxytocin, is almost three times more potent than oxytocin as a natriuretic agent. The natriuretic effect is mainly due to the inhibitory action of the peptide on tubular sodium resorption. Nacartocin decreased the blood pressure of anesthetized rats by the decrease of the total peripheral resistance which was greater than that observed after oxytocin administration. In conscious rats, Nacartocin caused a slight but prolonged increase of blood pressure. PMID- 6611252 TI - Effect of gonadectomy and adrenalectomy on steroid hormone content in rat submaxillary gland. AB - In male rats the adrenals appear to be a main source of progestagen in submaxillary glands, while in female rats the same is true for ovaries and adrenals. In both sexes certain amounts of progestagens were found in submaxillary glands up to 21 days after gonadectomy and adrenalectomy which might suggest that submaxillary glands possess the ability to synthesize these steroids. In contrast, however, almost negligible concentrations of androgens in submaxillary glands were observed in male rats beginning from 3 to 6 days after castration from which it may be concluded that no androgen producing ability is present in this tissue. PMID- 6611253 TI - Epidermal growth factor stimulates growth hormone secretion from superfused rat adenohypophyseal fragments. AB - Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulated GH secretion from superfused rat adenohypophyseal fragments in a dose-related manner (8-50 ng/ml). Secretion of PRL or TSH was not affected by EGF at concentrations up to 50 ng/ml. These results indicate that EGF may be a specific secretagogue for GH in rats. PMID- 6611254 TI - Modulation of the cytosolic androgen receptor in striated muscle by sex steroids. AB - We studied the influence of orchiectomy (GDX) and steroid administration on the level of cytosolic androgen receptor in rat levator ani muscle and rat skeletal muscles (tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus). Androgen receptor binding to muscle cytosol was measured using [3H]methyltrienolone (R1881) as ligand, a 100-fold molar excess of unlabeled R1881 to assess nonspecific binding, and a 500-fold molar excess of triamcinolone acetonide to prevent binding to glucocorticoid and progestin receptors. Bound and free ligand were separated by column chromatography with Sephadex G-75. In levator ani muscles from intact animals (controls), maximum R1881 binding (Bmax), determined by Scatchard analysis, was 2.5 fmol/mg protein (Kd = 0.68 nM). Thirty days after GDX, Bmax increased to 500% of the control value, with no significant change in Kd (0.96 nM). Using saturating levels of R1881, Bmax was increased to 280% of the control value 12 h post-GDX, 600% at 14 days, 478% at 30 days, and 133% at 44 days. The increase in receptor binding was blocked by cycloheximide. Administration of Silastic capsules containing testosterone propionate 30 days post-GDX resulted in R1881 binding at the control level at 44 days. Surprisingly, administration of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) 30 days post-GDX resulted in increased (480%) R1881 binding. Thus, E2 may cause induction of the cytosolic androgen receptor in levator ani muscle from GDX rats; alternatively, the rate of receptor degradation may be altered. R1881 binding by skeletal muscle cytosol was increased 139% at 12 h, 212% on day 14, 220% on day 30, and 158% on day 44 with respect to the control value. Administration of testosterone propionate at 30 days caused R1881 binding to return to the control value by day 44, whereas E2 was without influence. The differences in response of levator ani and skeletal muscle receptors may account for the differential effects of sex steroids on these muscle types. PMID- 6611255 TI - Secretion of epidermal growth factor-like mitogens by cultured cells from bovine anterior pituitary glands. AB - We have partially characterized growth factor activity secreted by early cultures of cells derived from bovine calf pituitary glands. Serum-free, chemically defined culture medium conditioned by pituitary cells stimulated DNA synthesis in rat kidney fibroblasts (NRK cells) equivalent to unconditioned medium containing 3 X 10(-10) M epidermal growth factor (EGF). The conditioned medium contained activity which competed with 125I-EGF for binding to EGF-receptors which was also equivalent to competition by 3 X 10(-10) M EGF in a radioreceptor assay. Secondary pituitary cultures produced about 10-fold more competing activity than did primary cultures and the production rate of the EGF-competing activity by the secondary cultures remained stable for over 4 weeks. Bio-Gel P-60 chromatography in 1 M acetic acid of an extract of conditioned medium resolved three peaks of EGF-competing activity. These peaks chromatographed with apparent mol wts of 17,000, 9,000, and 6,000. These peaks of activity were not as a result of EGF binding proteins in the culture medium. The 6,000 mol wt peak contained activity which competed equally well with EGF for EGF receptor and antimouse EGF antibody binding. The 17,000 and 9,000 mol wt activities competed more effectively for binding to receptors than antibodies. The mitogenic activity in the three peaks correlated with the receptor-competing activity. However, the 17,000 and 9,000 mol wt peaks but not the 6,000 mol wt peak contained transforming growth factor activity capable of stimulating NRK cells to assume anchorage independent growth. These results suggest that a subpopulation of cells in pituitary glands secrete EGF and EGF-like transforming growth factors. PMID- 6611256 TI - Tyrosinemia and intractable seizures. AB - A child with intractable seizures from the age of 10 months and developmental retardation developed jaundice and hepatosplenomegaly at 23 months. She died at the age of 25 months. Methionine and tyrosine were elevated in urine, plasma, CSF, and brain. These elevations were more marked in the CNS than in the blood. 4 Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of tyrosine, was undetectable in skin fibroblasts and liver. This finding together with other biochemical data suggest that our case had an inherited disorder of tyrosine metabolism, in the category of tyrosinemia I. Disturbances of tyrosine and methionine metabolism in the CNS in tyrosinemia I may be more important than has been realized. The disorder should be considered in children with unexplained epilepsy and in those who develop hepatic dysfunction while on anticonvulsants. PMID- 6611257 TI - Cytotoxic effect of vanadium and oil-fired fly ash on hamster tracheal epithelium. AB - Hamster tracheal organ cultures were used to study the in vitro effects of vanadium and oil-fired fly ash on mucociliary respiratory epithelium. Two vanadium compounds, VOSO4 and V2O5, and fly ash from an oil-fueled power plant were dissolved or suspended in culture medium over a range of concentrations and epithelia were exposed for 1 hr/day, for 9 consecutive days. At intervals during this period, alterations in cilia-beating frequency, cytology, and histology were documented by light microscopy. Explants treated with VOSO4 either decreased ciliary activity or produced ciliostasis depending upon the concentration and length of exposure. Early morphological alterations consisted of vacuolization of both nuclei and cytoplasm. After multiple exposures, cytology of VOSO4-treated respiratory mucosa was markedly affected. Similar changes were observed in cultures exposed to V2O5; however, the cytotoxicity appeared earlier and was more pronounced. Fly ash-treated explants produced similar biological effects when compared to both vanadium compounds. Thus, the data indicate that the extent of vanadium toxicity depends, at least in part, on the vanadium content of the compound tested, and that exposure to this metal and vanadium-rich fly ash can inhibit normal mucociliary function, a vital clearance mechanism in the respiratory tract. PMID- 6611258 TI - Tendamistat (HOE 467), a tight-binding alpha-amylase inhibitor from Streptomyces tendae 4158. Isolation, biochemical properties. AB - Culture fluids of Streptomyces tendae 4158 (ATCC 31210) contain a new kind of polypeptide alpha-amylase inhibitor, tendamistat (HOE 467). Several methods of isolating this inhibitor are described, including two rapid crystallisation methods, which produce homogeneous material. A characteristic of tendamistat is its tight-binding, pH-independent inhibition kinetics and the specific inhibition of the mammalian alpha-amylase form a stoichiometric 1:1 complex, which cannot be separated into its individual components by sodium dodecyl sulphate or molecular sieve chromatography. Studies of the mode of action reveal that the alpha-amylase inhibiting activity is linked to the intact disulphide bridges of the inhibitor. It is assumed that the multipoint protein-protein bond exists between the enzyme and tendamistat. It is shown that extracellular tendamistat inhibits amylase formed by streptomyces. We therefore assume a regulatory function in the microorganism. By-products of tendamistat, which possess similar enzyme inhibiting properties, are also described. PMID- 6611259 TI - 201-Thallium imaging as an indicator of graft patency after coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - In a prospective study, forty-one patients underwent myocardial imaging using 201 thallium (201 Tl) scintigraphy before and 6 months after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The results were compared with the findings at coronary arteriography performed at the same time. 201 Tl was injected at peak exercise level performing an exercise scintigram. A thallium image equivalent to a redistribution scan was obtained at rest approximately 4 h after the injection of 201 Tl. The overall angiographic patency rate was 0.77. Postoperative myocardial perfusion was improved in 26 patients (88%) having 72 of 83 grafts patent (patency rate 0.87). New perfusion defects or unchanged ischaemic patterns were found in 5 patients, who had 2 of 13 grafts patent (graft patency 0.15). Estimation of the graft-status by 201Tl-scintigraphy showed a sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of a positive and negative result of 0.71, 0.94, 0.79 and 0.91, respectively, using angiographic findings as a reference. It is concluded, that comparison between preoperative and postoperative 201Tl imaging of the myocardium at exercise and rest provides useful information on graft patency after CABG. The procedure is superior at exercise and rest provides useful information on graft patency after CABG. The procedure is superior to graft patency estimation based on resting--or postoperative scintigrams only. PMID- 6611260 TI - Positron CT imaging using a high resolution PCT device (Positologica-I), 11CO, 13NH3, and 18FDG in clinical evaluation of cerebrovascular diseases. AB - Positron computed tomography (PCT) was performed in 3 normal volunteers and 21 patients with cerebrovascular diseases using a high resolution PCT device 'Positologica-I' and three tracers 11CO, 13NH3, and 18FDG. Relatively early lesions showed various accumulation patterns, and metabolism and perfusion mismatches were clearly shown by this measurement. One type of mismatch is luxury perfusion which had a slight increase of blood volume. Another type of uncoupling is misery perfusion. Remote effects of ischemic lesions also appeared on PCT with 18FDG and 13NH3. From our clinical results, the PCT method with a high resolution device and radiopharmaceuticals such as 11CO, 13NH3, and 18FDG is very useful in the assessment of cerebrovascular diseases and in defining circulatory dysfunction in man. PMID- 6611261 TI - PET tomography in studies of distributions of 7.6-min potassium 38 in the dog heart. AB - Potassium 38 emits a 2.68-MeV (max) positron, followed promptly by a 2.17-MeV gamma-ray in 99.8% of its disintegrations. A positron is emitted also, followed by a 3.94-MeV gamma-ray, in 0.2% of the decays. The pairs of 511-keV PET +/- gamma-quanta, which are emitted at 180 +/- 0.3 degrees to each other, are in true coincidence with the prompt gamma-rays emitted by the daughter nucleus, within the resolving time of PET instrumentation. Studies made with phantoms by means of a commercial version of the MGH PET camera demonstrated that quantitatively satisfactory images are derived, despite the presence of the prompt gamma-rays. Two-dimensional (2-D) focal-plane images reveal high uptake of 38K promptly in the myocardium of dogs, under barbiturate sedation. Third-dimensional (3-D) transverse section PET tomographic images, through four 1.0-cm-thick heart "slices" orthogonal to the plane of the 2-D images and with 1.4-cm sequential spacing, show 38K uptake to be concentrated especially highly in the left ventricle, as expected. Peak levels of activity were observed over the myocardium at 12 s after intravenous bolus injection of ionic 38K. Dynamic mode 2-D images were taken at intervals as short as 0.5 s and extending to 1 h. PMID- 6611262 TI - Arterio-colonic fistula during scintigraphic evaluation of gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - The use of scintigraphic imaging in the evaluation of gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage has been established recently as a screening procedure prior to anigography. We report an unusual and previously unreported cause of acute GI bleeding which illustrates several technical factors to be considered during scintigraphic evaluation of GI bleeding. PMID- 6611264 TI - A method to eradicate fibrosarcoma in the rectum of rats by selective hyperthermia. PMID- 6611263 TI - Cytochrome P-450 metabolic-intermediate complex formation from p-aminobenzoic acid esters and other arylamines. AB - Metabolism of a series of p-aminobenzoic acid esters by rat liver microsomal fractions resulted in the formation of cytochrome P-450 metabolic - intermediate complexes. With conditions that allowed complex formation to proceed to completion, about 20% of control rat cytochrome P-450 was sequestered as a complex. Phenobarbital, but not beta-naphthoflavone induced additional cytochrome P-450, which with specific esters could be complexed to about 60%. For other esters, the induced cytochrome maximally complexed to about 20%, as was seen in uninduced rats. The two groups of p-aminobenzoic acid esters could not be readily delineated by lipid/water partition coefficients or steric factors. PMID- 6611266 TI - In vitro stimulation of human NK activity by an estrogen antagonist (tamoxifen) PMID- 6611265 TI - Hexokinase isoenzymes from anaplastic and differentiated medullary thyroid carcinoma in the rat. AB - The activity, isoenzyme distribution and compartmentation of hexokinase (ADP: D hexose-6-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1) were compared in slowly growing, well differentiated medullary thyroid carcinoma (DMTC) and rapidly proliferating anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (AMTC) in the rat. Individual isoenzymes from either soluble or particulate fractions after solubilization were obtained by fast protein liquid chromatography and were kinetically analyzed either in soluble form or after (re)binding to rat liver mitochondria. These studies were undertaken to test the hypothesis that the growth rate of tumors is correlated with the activity of mitochondrial-bound hexokinase in our tumor system. In contradiction to this hypothesis, we found no difference in either enzyme activity or compartmentation of both kinds of tumors. The major part of enzyme activity was soluble (73 and 78% in DMTC and AMTC respectively). In addition, no major differences were observed in the kinetic properties of the individual isoenzymes of both tumors. Only soluble type II hexokinase from AMTC had a slightly decreased apparent Km for glucose. There appeared to be some differences in isoenzyme composition: both tumors contained type I and type II hexokinase in the soluble as well as in the particulate fractions. However, the proportion was shifted in favor of type II hexokinase in the soluble fraction of AMTC. Additional findings of this study were the following: the affinity of type II hexokinase to both substrates glucose and MgATP2- was significantly less compared to type I hexokinase. However, the inhibition constant for glucose-1,6 diphosphate of both isoenzymes was exactly the same. The bound form of both isoenzymes had the same substrate affinities as the soluble form but was considerably less inhibited by glucose-1,6-diphosphate. In the latter respect, type I and type II hexokinase behaved in the same way. PMID- 6611267 TI - In vivo blockage of B cell maturation by splenic T cells of total lymphoid irradiated mice. AB - The effect of fractionated total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) on the induction of cells blocking in vivo B cell maturation was examined. (BALB/c x C57BL/6)F1 mice received 200 rds lymphoid irradiation daily for 8 days. One month after termination of the irradiation splenic T cells of TLI-treated mice were transferred, together with normal bone marrow cells, to lethally irradiated hosts. In addition, splenic cells or splenic B cells of TLI mice were transferred to irradiated hosts. Two months later, we checked the reconstituted mice for their ability to produce in vivo anti-trinitrophenyl (TNP)-Ficoll antibodies and their capacity to respond in vitro to dextran sulfate and lipopolysaccharide. In parallel, stained spleen cells were analyzed on the fluorescence-activated cells sorter using monoclonal anti-mu, anti-delta and anti-B220 surface marker antibodies. The results indicate that splenic T cells originating from TLI treated mice cause maturation arrest of normal and TLI-treated B cells, since normal bone marrow cells injected together with those cells have immature phenotypic and functional features. In addition, neither splenic cells nor splenic B cells of TLI-treated mice can mature upon transfer to normal irradiated hosts. The B cells are IgM+, IgD-; they respond with a high proliferation rate to dextran sulfate and low proliferation rate to lipopolysaccharide, and poorly to TNP-Ficoll challenge. PMID- 6611268 TI - Specificity, duration and mechanism of idiotype suppression induced by neonatal injection of monoclonal anti-idiotope antibodies into mice. AB - Monoclonal antibodies detecting idiotopes on the germ line-encoded anti-(4 hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) antibody B1-8 were injected at various doses into newborn mice and the expression of B1-8 idiotopes was measured in anti-NP responses in later life. Suppression was long lasting, and a 100-fold increase in the dose of anti-idiotope delayed recovery from suppression by 5-6 weeks. Upon injection of a single anti-idiotope, suppression was observed for all B1-8 idiotopes to various degrees. Certain idiotopically defined antibody phenotypes were much more efficiently suppressed, and later recovered from suppression, than others. This specificity pattern was observed at the level of both B and T cells from the manipulated animals, as demonstrated in cell transfer experiments in which such cells were mixed with normal T and B cells. In these experiments, there was evidence for suppression mediated by regulatory T (and possibly also B) cells. Whereas the B cells from the manipulated animals were idiotypically unresponsive in a T cell-dependent adoptive primary response, the frequency of lipopolysaccharide-reactive B cells expressing the target idiotype was only slightly reduced in these animals as compared to control mice. Together with data on the elimination of anti-idiotope antibody from the neonatally injected animals these results are interpreted in the following way: idiotype suppression is induced through the reaction of anti-idiotope with idiotopes expressed on the surface of newly generated B cells, at microgram concentrations of anti-idiotope. When the concentration of anti-idiotope fall below that level, recovery from suppression sets in. Two types of suppression are induced. The first, namely, direct blockade of B cell maturation, is short-lived. The second involves the induction of regulatory cells, perhaps through idiotope-bearing antibody V regions complexed by anti-idiotope. This type of suppression is long-lived and its specificity depends upon the distribution of the target idiotope in the antibody repertoire and/or peculiarities of the T cell receptor repertoire. It impinges on the selection of the B cell repertoire in the animal as expressed in T cell-dependent (and possibly other) responses and is thus hardly seen at the level of lipopolysaccharide-reactive (immature) cells. Idiotype suppression by regulatory cells may be perpetuated by antigen interacting with idiotypic antibodies on the B cell surface and may therefore play a role in establishing tolerance not only for the expressed antibody repertoire, but for self antigens in general. PMID- 6611269 TI - Corticotropin-releasing factor is excitatory in the guinea-pig ileum and activates an opioid mechanism in this tissue. PMID- 6611271 TI - Rapidly fatal bronchiolitis obliterans with circulating antinuclear and rheumatoid factors. AB - A 57-year-old woman developed severe bronchiolitis obliterans and presented circulating antinuclear and rheumatoid factors without any evidence of connective tissue disease. The evolution was rapidly fatal despite corticosteroid therapy and immunosuppressive treatment. The post-mortem study disclosed no connective tissue disease lesions. We suggest that the serologic abnormalities could be secondary to the inflammation of the bronchioles. PMID- 6611270 TI - A factor present in normal mouse serum stimulates late erythroid precursor proliferation. AB - A factor present in normal mouse serum stimulates proliferation of late erythroid precursors grown in cultures in vitro. This factor was shown not to have a corrective effect on culture conditions by the following criteria: (a) CFU-E frequency in the absence of NMS was at least as great as published data for various mouse strains, (b) an inhibitory effect of endotoxin was ruled out, (c) sensitivity of erythroid precursors to erythropoietin was similar in the presence or absence of NMS, and (d) the number of colonies was linearly related to the cell dose. The enhancing effect of NMS was independent of hemin, transferrin, or dexamethasone, products all known to be stimulators of erythropoiesis. It was shown to be specific for CFU-E. We propose that this material be termed erythropoietic stimulating cofactor (ESCF). PMID- 6611272 TI - Behavioural effects mediated by unilateral nigral dopamine receptor stimulation in the rat. AB - Unilateral intranigral injections of dopamine in conscious rats pretreated with nialamide resulted in either ipsiversive or contraversive rotation depending upon the site of injection. Injection of dopamine (50 micrograms) into the zona compacta of the substantia nigra induced weak ipsiversive or mixed ipsiversive and contraversive rotation. Injection of dopamine (12.5-50.0 micrograms) into zona reticulata of substantia nigra induced only contraversive circling. Destruction of the ipsilateral medial forebrain bundle (MFB) using 6 hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) abolished ipsiversive circling but enhanced contraversive circling produced by dopamine or apomorphine. The combination of a unilateral 6-OHDA lesion of MFB with a kainic acid or electrolesion of the ipsilateral strio-nigral and pallido-nigral pathways reduced contraversive circling to intranigral apomorphine (10 micrograms). Ipsiversive circling produced following intranigral injection of dopamine is dependent upon the integrity of ascending dopamine neurones. Contraversive rotation is independent of ascending dopamine pathways but is reliant upon afferent input to the substantia nigra from the striatum and/or globus pallidus. PMID- 6611273 TI - Evidence for an inhibitory role of beta-endorphin and other opioids on human total T rosette formation. AB - Beta-endorphin, met-enkephalin, leu-enkephalin and morphine significantly inhibit rosette formation between human T lymphocytes and sheep red blood cells. This effect is completely reversed by naloxone, a specific antagonist, while naloxone by itself does not influence rosette formation. A further link between the immune system and the neuroendocrine system is suggested. PMID- 6611274 TI - The binding of Gla-containing proteins to phospholipids. AB - It is demonstrated here that osteocalcin, the Gla-containing protein from bone, is unable to interfere with the binding of the blood coagulation factors to phospholipid vesicles. Therefore, it seems that besides the Gla residues other structural features of the coagulation factors are required for their effective binding to phospholipid surfaces. PMID- 6611275 TI - Immunological detection of pro-corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in rat hypothalamus and pancreatic extracts. Evidence for in vitro conversion into CRF. AB - Extracts of both rat hypothalamus and pancreas were analyzed for their corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)-like immunoreactivity by radioimmunoassay (RIA). In the case of the hypothalamus, besides the rat CRF, further identified by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), two peptide components, a 20-kDa and a 10-kDa species were detected. The 20-kDa component was stable under acidic pH conditions and was further purified by reverse-phase HPLC. When exposed to proteolytic activities coeluting with 'high-molecular-mass CRF' at pH 6, processing was observed and the CRF generated was identified both by RIA, molecular sieve filtration and HPLC under different experimental conditions. It is concluded that this 20-kDa CRF may represent the CRF precursor and that hypothalamic extracts may contain processing enzymes involved in its selective post-translational cleavage. In the pancreatic extract two immunoreactive forms of CRF were detected, the smaller coeluting with the rat CRF and the other corresponding to the intermediate 10-kDa component detected in the hypothalamus. Pancreatic rat CRF, analyzed using RIA both by molecular sieve filtration and HPLC, was indistinguishable from the hypothalamic rat CRF. PMID- 6611276 TI - Role of surface immunoglobulin in B lymphocyte activation. AB - Studies of polyclonal and antigen-specific activation of B lymphocytes were compared to generate a model that addresses the roles of ligand-surface (s) IgD and ligand-sIgM interactions as well as the roles of antigen-specific, T cell mediated help and nonspecific helper lymphokines in the activation of mature, resting B lymphocytes. The major features of the model are 1) cross-linking of sIg renders B cells more receptive to T cell help; 2) DNA synthesis in activated B cells can be induced by weak sIg cross-linking signals in the presence of antigen-specific T cell help or by stronger sIg cross-linking signals in the absence of help; 3) sIgD has a more dominant role than sIgM in direct, sIg mediated B cell activation whereas sIgM has a more dominant role than sIgD in focusing antigen-specific T cell help onto activated B cells; 4) the loss of sIgD from activated B cells limits the transmission of sIg-mediated signals that can inhibit the differentiation of B cells into antibody-secreting cells; and 5) the cross-linking of sIg, the focusing of antigen-specific T cells, and nonspecific helper lymphokines are all required for induction of rapid, effective antibody responses against bacterial pathogens. PMID- 6611277 TI - Nonopioid analgesics for patients with dental pain. AB - Although new analgesic agents are being introduced at a seemingly increasing frequency, it still appears that the old standards are weathering the storm of competition. For most dental situations, aspirin or acetaminophen is sufficiently efficacious for the management of pain and traumatic swelling. Under unusual circumstances in which the baseline pain is expected to be exceptionally high, ibuprofen may offer additional relief. The choice of which agent to use should be based upon an evaluation of the patient's medical history and the anticipated level of pain. Individuals intolerant to aspirin may be able to tolerate acetaminophen without untoward reactions. However, caution must be observed to assure that cross-intolerance is not present. Utilization of more potent cyclo oxygenase inhibitors such as ibuprofen markedly increases the probability of cross-intolerance. Other forms of sensitivity to aspirin such as gastrointestinal distress may be averted by choosing any of the alternative agents. Only by trial and error will the clinician be able to pragmatically determine which agent is best suited for the individual patient. Cost is another factor that should be considered. Aspirin and acetaminophen are readily available and are extraordinarily inexpensive. The newer drugs, although perhaps slightly more efficacious, are considerably more costly. Although there may be a tendency for the practitioner to prescribe a drug that will be effective against the extremes, the benefit-to-cost ratio is unsupportive of this approach. Only when severe pain is anticipated or when the patient is unresponsive to the more traditional analgesics, should the more efficacious but much more expensive agents be employed. PMID- 6611278 TI - Calcitonin gene-related peptide in the human thyroid, pituitary and brain. AB - Alternative splicing of rat calcitonin (CT) gene transcripts resulting in the production of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in neural tissue and of CT in the thyroid has been proposed by Rosenfeld et al. (1983b). We have recognized CGRP- and CT-like peptides in extracts of the human brain, pituitary and thyroid using a combination of gel filtration analysis and HPLC, and specific RIAs. Immunoreactive CGRP was estimated in a heterologous RIA using 125I-labelled rat CGRP as ligand and antibodies raised to the rat hormone, and human CT in a homologous RIA. The levels of CGRP and CT are measured against synthetic rat CGRP and monomeric human CT, respectively, and expressed in ng and micrograms equivalents (eq). The content of immunoreactive CGRP of the neocortex (n = 3), the cerebellar cortex (n = 6), the periventricular mesencephalic region (n = 3) and the thyroid (n = 5) was similar (mean +/- SE, 0.79 +/- 0.16 ng eq/g wet tissue, 1.51 +/- 0.14 ng eq/g, 1.84 +/- 0.12 ng eq/g and 5.0 +/- 0.9 ng eq/g, respectively), whereas pituitary glands (n = 21) and medullary thyroid carcinomas (n = 6) contained higher levels (31.3 +/- 5.1 ng eq/g and 7.66 +/- 5.42 micrograms eq/g, respectively). Immunoreactive CT was lowest in the neocortex, cerebellar cortex and the periventricular mesencephalon (0.31 +/- 0.07 ng eq/g, 0.30 +/- 0.09 ng eq/g and 0.26 +/- 0.09 ng eq/g, respectively), followed by the pituitary and thyroid (2.77 +/- 0.62 ng eq/g and 146 +/- 26 ng eq/g, respectively), and was highest in medullary thyroid carcinoma tissue (680 +/- 372 micrograms eq/g).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6611279 TI - Differential contribution of dorsal and ventral lateral plate mesoderm to hemopoiesis during Rana pipiens embryogenesis. AB - Data obtained from studies on the origin and development of hemopoietic cells in several classes of vertebrate embryos argue for two distinct sources of hemopoietic cells, the intraembryonic dorsal lateral plate and the extraembryonic ventral blood island/yolk sac. In the present study, a stage by stage comparison of the hemopoietic potential of both of these regions was made during development of the frog, Rana pipiens. Either dorsal lateral plate or ventral blood island mesoderm was reciprocally transplanted between cytogenetically labeled triploid and diploid embryos. The ratio of donor-derived cells to host-derived cells (labeling index) was determined from Feulgen-stained DNA measurements of cells harvested from hemopoietic organs of young larvae. Blood island transplants consistently resulted in larvae with positive labeling of the circulating blood. Transplanted dorsal mesoderm supplied mesonephric granulocytes and thymocytes, but not circulating erythrocytes to larvae. However, the contribution of dorsal mesoderm to larval hemopoiesis fluctuated with respect to embryonic stage at transplantation. PMID- 6611280 TI - Circulating immune complexes and platelet thromboxane synthesis in patients with insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes mellitus. AB - Platelets from diabetic subjects with circulating immune complexes (CIC) synthesized greater amounts of thromboxane than did platelets from CIC-negative patients or controls. In view of the known action of CIC on platelet function, a relationship between these two factors may be suggested in the initiation and progression of microangiopathy in diabetes. PMID- 6611281 TI - [Computed gamma-tomographic estimation of a hepatic weight index during liver regeneration]. AB - Single photon emission computed tomography was used to evaluate the total functioning liver mass and the regeneration process after partial hepatectomy. Serial tomographic sections were performed after infusion of 99m Technetium. In studies on dogs and in human beings, computed gammatomography enabled to calculate the liver mass with less than 10 p. 100 error. Hepatic regeneration was studied in 10 patients following resection of 46 to 84 p. 100 of the initial liver mass. The remaining liver mass increased rapidly postoperatively and doubled within 13 to 18 days. The regeneration process followed an exponential curve. Assessment of liver regeneration by this non-invasive technique should be of great help following partial hepatectomy. PMID- 6611282 TI - Melanotropin bioassays: in vitro and in vivo comparisons. AB - A reflectance method was utilized to compare the in vitro responses in three species of frogs (Rana pipiens, R. berlandieri forrei, and R. catesbeiana) and a lizard (Anolis carolinensis) to alpha- and beta-melanotropins (alpha- and beta p MSH). The integumental chromatic response of the three ranid species was identical, in that alpha-MSH was about 2 times more potent than beta p-MSH. The melanotropins were equipotent in the lizard skin bioassay. A remarkable feature of the Anolis skin assay is that skins from this lizard can be utilized repeatedly many times in one day with an extremely high degree of precision. The reflectance method was also used to determine the in vivo potencies of alpha-MSH and beta p-MSH in the frog, R. pipiens. Surprisingly, the melanotropins were more active in the in vivo assay than in the in vitro bioassay. The darkening response of the frogs to alpha-MSH was reversed by 6 hr, but the response to beta p-MSH persisted for more than 8 hr. When alpha-MSH was incubated in frog serum, the melanotropic activity was almost totally abolished by 30 min, whereas the melanotropic activity of beta p-MSH was evident much longer (4 hr) in the presence of the serum. In light of the observation that the melanotropic activity of alpha-MSH is rapidly lost by incubation in frog serum, it is unclear why the hormone was more active as measured in vivo and why the darkening response in vivo persisted so long. PMID- 6611283 TI - [Various clinico-immunological parallels in destructive pulmonary lesions in young children]. PMID- 6611284 TI - [Aortocoronary shunt by side-to-side anastomosis between the shunts]. PMID- 6611285 TI - Cigarette smoking and salivary amylase activity. PMID- 6611286 TI - Human chorionic gonadotrophin and pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein in predicting pregnancy outcome and in association with early pregnancy vomiting. AB - Serum concentrations of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and pregnancy specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) were measured in 99 women between the 6th and 10th gestational week, before the onset of pregnancy-threatening complications. The markers failed to predict threatening abortion appearing 9-112 days after sampling (n = 11), regardless of whether the pregnancy continued (n = 2) or ended with abortion (n = 9). Normal HCG and SP1 values were observed in 4 women who subsequently had preterm delivery. 14 women with daily vomiting had higher mean serum concentrations of HCG (p less than 0.01) and SP1 (p less than 0.05) than 12 women of the same gestational duration without nausea or vomiting. Our results thus show that random single HCG or SP1 determinations have minimal clinical value in predicting the failure of pregnancy and that early pregnancy vomiting seems to be associated with raised serum HCG and SP1 concentrations. PMID- 6611287 TI - Isolation and properties of alpha-amylase from perienteric fluid of Ascaris suum. AB - The properties of alpha-amylase from perienteric fluid of Ascaris suum were studied. The enzyme is strongly activated by chlorides at a simultaneous shift of pH optimum. It is fully activated already at 10(-3) M concentration of chlorides. A method of alpha-amylase isolation was modified with respect to these properties to give the purification degree 278 and yield of 11%. PMID- 6611288 TI - [The analgesic and antipyretic effects of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, oxaprozin, in experimental animals]. AB - The analgesic and antipyretic effects of oxaprozin were investigated in comparison with those of indomethacin, ibuprofen, phenylbutazone and aspirin. On the various writhing tests in mice, the analgesic effect of oxaprozin was about 2 to 9 times more potent than those of ibuprofen, phenylbutazone and aspirin. On the other hand, the analgesic and antipyretic effects of oxaprozin in rats were roughly equivalent to those of aspirin, but less effective than those of the other drugs tested. On the urate synovitis test in dogs, only oxaprozin showed a prophylactic effect. Therefore, The effect of oxaprozin in mice and dogs was more potent than ibuprofen, phenylbutazone and aspirin. The metabolic rate of oxaprozin in rats is 3.5 and 7.2 times more rapid than in mice and dogs, respectively, and its blood level in rats is low. Moreover, the biological half life of oxaprozin is 39 to 43 hr and 49 to 69 hr in dogs and humans, respectively. From these results, it is suggested that oxaprozin is more potent than ibuprofen, phenylbutazone and aspirin, and in clinical use, it is a long acting anti-inflammatory drug. PMID- 6611290 TI - Comparison of expression of the fragile site at Xq27 in T and B lymphocytes. AB - We compared the fragile X (fraX) expression in T and B lymphocytes from four hemizygous males with fraX. Blood cultures were stimulated with a T cell mitogen (phytohemagglutinin:PHA) and with a B cell mitogen (pokeweed mitogen:PWM). A significant decrease in fraX expression was observed in cultures stimulated with PWM when compared to PHA-stimulated ones. PMID- 6611289 TI - PI(alpha 1-antitrypsin) polymorphism in the Japanese: confirmation of PI*M4 and description of new PI variants. AB - PI phenotyping by separator isoelectric focusing (SIEF) was performed on a total of 1000 unrelated Japanese individuals from two different areas of Western Japan. The PI M1M4 subtype was observed together with the six common PI M subtypes. PI*M4 was confirmed to be present but rare in the Japanese. Several new PI variants were identified by comparison runs of each variant with previously reported genetic variants. The significance of treatment of serum with dithiothreitol (DTT) followed by iodacetic acid (IAC) in determination of PI variants is also described. PMID- 6611291 TI - Human alpha 1-antitrypsin genetic polymorphism: PI N subtypes. AB - Three new genetic variants (PI types) of alpha 1-antitrypsin are described. They have been compared to previously described phenotypes by several techniques including narrow pH range isoelectric focusing in ultrathin polyacrylamide gels. In this system, the relevant alpha 1-antitrypsin gel bands, identified by crossed immunoelectrophoresis, focused between PI M2, the most cathodal PI M subtype, and PI P BUD, the most anodal PI P subtype. They were therefore considered to be PI N subtypes. Two of them, PI N GRO and PI N YER, could not be separated by isoelectric focusing, but gave a different pattern in agarose gel electrophoresis. None of the new alleles seemed to be associated with disease. The high resolving power of isoelectric focusing is emphasized with respect to the information it may provide concerning amino acid substitutions, while the use of other techniques proved to be of utmost importance in the differentiation of other variants showing similar isoelectric points. PMID- 6611292 TI - Genetic variants of serum alpha-1-antitrypsin (Pi types) in a Breton population, the Bigoudens. AB - Pi typing was carried out by high resolution isoelectric focusing in 397 Bigoudens and in 100 non-Bigouden Bretons. Gene frequencies were computed by the gene counting method. No difference between the two groups could be demonstrated, neither was there a deviation from the expected Hardy-Weinberg distribution nor a heterogeneity between the Bigouden villages. The results were significantly different (p less than 0.02) from those reported in Normans. PMID- 6611293 TI - Chimeric twins. T.S. and M.R. reexamined. AB - A pair of chimeric twins, T.S. (male) and M.R. (female), were examined. The amounts of 'foreign' blood cells in each twin found on three occasions were compared. The percentages of M.R. cells found in the blood of T.S. in 1977 and in 1982 were similar and about 1/5 of that found in 1970. The amount of T.S.-blood cells found in M.R. was declining slowly from about 31% in 1970 to about 25% in 1982. PMID- 6611294 TI - Nonspecific cell surface properties: contact angle of water on dried cell monolayers. AB - Measuring contact angle of water on dried cell or bacterium monolayers allowed van Oss (1) and others (2) to find a correlation between particle hydrophobicity and ingestion by phagocytic cells. The present study was undertaken to understand what was actually assayed with this method. Monolayers were prepared with different cell types at different densities, and they were dried under atmospheres with varying humidity before being studied with scanning electron microscopy and contact angle techniques. It is concluded that a) contact angles are independent of the cell density and substrate structure when more than 30% of the substrate area is covered with cells. b) Initial cell shape should not influence contact angle. c) Contact angles are markedly dependent on the nature of tested cells. d) Contact angles are substantially influenced by the cell drying procedure. e) A very small fraction of the energies we measured would be sufficient to account for cell-cell interactions. Hence these might play a role in some situations of biological interest. PMID- 6611295 TI - Production and characterization of bovine interleukin-2. AB - A lymphokine analogous to interleukin-2 from other species was generated from bovine suprapharyngeal lymph nodes and characterized biochemically. The isolated material can support the long-term growth of concanavalin A (Con-A) or mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR)-activated bovine T cells. The material elutes from DEAE Sephadex at a low salt concentration, approximately 0.075 M, and exhibits molecular weight of approximately 25,000 on Sephadex G-100. When subjected to analysis by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE), three peaks of activity were observed, corresponding to molecular weights of 14,400, 16,800 and 20,200. Finally, the isolated material exhibited a marked heterogeneity when subjected to chromatofocussing. Three major peaks of activity, with pIs of approximately 5.95, 5.41 and 5.0 are present with peaks of lesser activity at pIs of 5.82, 5.70, 4.73 and 4.20. PMID- 6611296 TI - During frog ontogeny, PHA and Con A responsiveness of splenocytes precedes that of thymocytes. AB - The in-vitro proliferation of splenocytes and thymocytes from Xenopus laevis gilli (hybrid clone LG-15) to the T cell mitogens, concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohaemagglutinin-P (PHA), were examined at specific stages of larval development (stages 51-66 of Nieuwkoop & Faber, 1967) and at 2 months post metamorphosis. The responses of splenic lymphocytes to each mitogen were significant at all stages with stimulation indices ranging from 1.9 to 50.5 and 2.6 to 45.5 for PHA and Con A, respectively. Stage-related differences in responses of splenocytes to both mitogens suggest two waves of emergence of proliferative activity during development, divided by periods of diminished responsiveness during the metamorphic crisis. In contrast to the responses observed with splenocytes, proliferation of thymocytes cultured with either mitogen was barely detectable, with stimulation indices ranging from 1.2 to 6.9 and 1.4 to 2.9 for PHA and Con A, respectively. These minimal responses were observed only when thymocytes were cultured at relatively high cell density (5 X 10(5) cells/ml); they were not improved by increased or decreased concentrations of mitogen or by increased concentrations of fetal calf serum (5 or 10%) in the medium. Co-culture of larval thymocytes with autologous splenocytes and each mitogen did not consistently increase thymocyte responses suggesting that the defect in thymocyte responsiveness is not due to lack of accessory cells. These findings suggest that if PHA- and Con A-reactive cells are present in the thymus, they are present in relatively low numbers at all stages of larval development. The pattern of early mitogen responsiveness in the spleen at a time when the thymus is unresponsive contrasts with that observed in mammalian development in which thymocytes become responsive to mitogens in fetal stages and mitogen responsiveness appears in the spleen only around the time of birth. The apparent inactivity of larval thymocytes may reflect a population of cells that can become tolerant to those neo-self-antigens that arise during and after metamorphosis. If so, the larval amphibian thymus may provide a model to study the early events of thymocyte 'education' and differentiation in a broader time framework than is possible with fetal mammals. PMID- 6611297 TI - Functional properties of lymphocytes isolated from murine small intestinal epithelium. AB - Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) were isolated from murine small intestine using a modification of previously published procedures. Analysis of IEL by immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies showed they were predominantly Lyt 2+ cells, with relatively few B cells or macrophages present. IEL cultured at sufficiently high cell densities proliferated in response to concanavalin A (Con A), phytohaemagglutin (PHA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). IEL were also capable of recognizing alloantigens in an in vivo graft-versus-host assay and in an in vitro mixed lymphocyte reaction. These studies therefore confirm that murine IEL contain cells with immunologic properties characteristic of typical T lymphocytes. PMID- 6611298 TI - Anchorage and lymphocyte function. Antibodies as adhesion and spreading factors for human T lymphocytes. AB - When attached to a solid surface coated with protein A various antibodies reacting with lymphocyte membrane antigens (anti-beta 2m, OKT3, OKT8, Leu2, 3, 4 and certain patient sera) catalyse the formation of peripheral lamellar activity, i.e. an active spreading process in human T lymphocytes. In contrast, binding only of the same antibodies to the cells or allowing antibody-coated cells to settle and bind to a protein A-coated surface did not induce spreading although the number of cells attached to the solid surface was virtually the same as in the former case. The peripheral lamellar activity markedly facilitated short range lymphocyte interactions and appeared to constitute the region of the lymphocyte that actively contacts other cells. These results show that antibodies can act as spreading factors, and indicate that this function is critically dependent on the presentation of the inducing ligand. The asymmetry in the induction of active cell edges may influence functional lymphocyte interactions with environmental surfaces. PMID- 6611299 TI - Natural killing and growth inhibition of K562 cells by subpopulations of mononuclear cells as a function of target cell proliferation. AB - K562 cells of different proliferative activity were tested for their capability to form lytic and non-lytic conjugates in agarose with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC). Simultaneously, the conjugating MNC were analysed in suspension by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) defining subsets of T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and monocytes (OKT 8, OKT 4, Leu 7, OKM 1, Mo 2). It is demonstrated that the pattern of conjugating (binding, lysis) is dependent upon the proliferative status of the target cell population. Target cells of intermediate division rate are optimally lysed by MNC of NK phenotype, whereas targets of high and low division rate bind cells predominantly of T cell phenotype, but are not killed. Non-cytolytic conjugating MNC are shown to inhibit significantly the cell cycle progression of their bound tumour target cells. There is evidence of an additional cytostatic effect on non-bound K562 cells in agarose dishes containing effector MNC, possibly mediated by soluble factors released from NK cells. Adherent monocytes contribute only little to cytolysis and cytostasis in our testing system. There is no correlation between the expression of transferrin receptors on target cells as determined by the OKT9 mAb and the extent of killing. Transferrin receptors may, however, be involved in the step of target cell recognition by MNC exhibiting the OKT 8+ phenotype. PMID- 6611300 TI - Influence of subclass-specific anti-idiotypic antibodies on the kinetics of the immune response to BCG. AB - The role of anti-idiotypic subclass-specific antibodies was analysed in the regulation of the immune response to BCG in the guinea-pig. The idiotypes to BCG were separated into subclasses and anti-idiotypes were carried out by immunizing with the purified IgG1 and IgG2 anti-idiotypes. The in vivo T cell response was recorded by tuberculin skin testing, and the in vitro response by lymphocyte stimulation testing with tuberculin. A suppressive effect was detected in cases where the animals were preimmunized with anti-idiotypic IgG2 against anti-BCG IgG1. In the B cell response, the anti-BCG IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses were also quantified by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay. There were 10 times more IgG2 antibodies than IgG1 against BCG in the guinea-pig, and this major idiotypic subclass was suppressed by the IgG2 anti-idiotype raised against anti-BCG IgG2. The minor component anti-BCG IgG1 was slightly stimulated by both IgG2 anti idiotypes. PMID- 6611301 TI - Quantitative analyses of complement fixation in three immune complex systems. AB - The quantitative interaction of three different immune complex systems with complement has been investigated. dsDNA/anti-DNA, heat-aggregated IgG subfractions, and human IgG/rabbit anti-human IgG complexes were tested for their ability to consume complement (immune haemolysis assay) and to bind to red blood cells in a complement-mediated reaction (the RBC-CF assay). Our results indicate that some physical and immunological properties of the dsDNA/anti-DNA immune complex systems are significantly different from those of immune complexes that involve more common globular protein antigens. This difference in properties may help explain the role of dsDNA/anti-DNA immune complexes in systemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesis. PMID- 6611302 TI - Lymphocyte subsets and immune complexes in long-standing diabetic patients: relation with the presence of microangiopathy. AB - Subsets of peripheral T lymphocytes by monoclonal antibodies and circulating immune complexes by two different methods were evaluated in 36 long-standing diabetic patients, 19 Type 1 (insulin dependent) and 17 Type 2 (non-insulin dependent). In all patients the presence of microangiopathy was assessed by retinal fluoroangiography, albuminuria and creatinine clearance. In patients with Type 1 diabetes a significant decrease of total T and of T cells with helper phenotype (T4), together with an increase of T cells with suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype (T8), were observed. No significant modifications in the percentage of T lymphocyte subsets were detected in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Immune complexes were found to be significantly increased in Type 1 compared with Type 2 diabetic patients. Patients with very high levels of T8+ cells did not have detectable immune complexes and had no evidence of microangiopathy. By contrast, patients with normal levels of these cells were found to have raised immune complexes and showed retinopathy of varying degree. The results of this study indicate that: (1) a relationship exists between cells with T8 phenotype, some immune complexes and the presence of microangiopathy; (2) the decrease of T4+ cells in Type 1 diabetics with long duration of disease may be responsible for the known susceptibility to infections in these patients. PMID- 6611303 TI - Lack of synergy between T and B cells in the response to 2-mercaptoethanol in old NZB/W F1 mice. AB - The responses of NZB X NZW (NZB/W) F1 mice to 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) were examined from the viewpoint of T-B cell interaction. Young (1-month-old NZB/W F1 mice responded to 2-ME in an almost similar pattern to that of BALB/c mice, although a slightly higher rate of DNA synthesis was observed in B cell-enriched cultures (75% B cells) containing 2-ME than in those of BALB/c mice. Old (9-mth old) NZB/W F1 mice showed an absent synergistic effect of T and B cells in the response to 2-ME. These results indicate an abnormality of T-B cell interaction particularly in old NZB/W F1 mice. PMID- 6611304 TI - Chest injuries in children. PMID- 6611305 TI - Cytotoxic T lymphocytes of the rat are predominantly restricted by RT1.A and not RT1.C-determined major histocompatibility class I antigens. AB - Two types of biochemically defined class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens are found in the rat, RT1.A antigens that are ubiquitously expressed and RT1.C antigens which so far are detectable only on certain cell types, notably B and T lymphocytes. It is shown that the cytotoxic T lymphocyte response to minor H antigens of the LEW strain, including the H-Y antigen, and to TNP-modified syngeneic lymphoid cells is restricted by RT1.A but not RT1.C gene products. This conclusion is based on bulk culture assays including cold target inhibition tests and limiting dilution experiments using recombinants between the RT1a and RT1u haplotypes. The possibility that class I MHC antigens exist which have no major restriction function is discussed. PMID- 6611306 TI - Definition of new alloantigens encoded by genes in the Ly-6 complex. AB - Three alloantigens encoded by Ly-6-linked genes are defined by monoclonal antibodies. The Ly-27.2 antigen is defined by antibody 5075-19.1, Ly-28.2 by 5075 3.6, -12.1, -16.10 and by 5095-16.6. The strain distribution pattern of these antibodies is the same and identical with Ly-6.2. However the tissue distribution of these antigens is unique and distinguishes these antigens from the Ly-6.2 antigen or any known antigen encoded by Ly-6-linked genes. Ly-27.2 is present on all thymocytes, T cells, and B cells but is absent from bone marrow cells, whereas Ly-28.2 is absent from most thymocytes and is present on a subpopulation of T cells and B cells but is found on 60-70% of bone marrow cells. No recombination between the Ly-6/Ly-27/Ly-28 loci was found in linkage studies using 41 recombinant inbred strains and 57 backcross mice and indicates very close linkage of these genes. In addition, close linkage to 24 minor histocompatibility genes was excluded using the Bailey HW bilineal congenic mice. The data presented indicate that either the Ly-6 complex is composed of a family of tightly linked genes or the antigens are the products of a single gene that undergoes extensive modification during differentiation. PMID- 6611307 TI - Clonal analysis of the T lymphocytes involved in parent versus F1 graft-versus host reaction. AB - A systemic graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) leading to 50% mortality by day 20 was elicited by the injection of CBA (10(5)) or B10 (10(6)) parental T lymphocytes into irradiated (750 rad) and bone marrow protected (CBA X B10)F1 recipients. Between days 12 and 28 the spleens of the sick mice were analyzed by limiting dilution, performed with irradiated F1 cells and a source of interleukin 2 (IL-2), to determine the frequency of cells with an antihost proliferative or cytolytic activity and to derive T lymphocyte clones. The frequency of cells with antihost proliferative or cytolytic activity was approximately 10(-3) in either combination. In the CBA vs F1 GVHR, all eight clones isolated with anti-F1 activity were Lyt-2-, noncytolytic, mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) responders and IL-2 producers, three of which mapped to the Ab locus, while in the B10 anti F1 combination, eight of the nine anti-F1 clones isolated were Lyt-2+, poor MLR responders and non-IL-2 producers, but cytolytic and mapping to Kk. These findings suggest a much higher frequency of T cells recognizing the A-locus antigens in the CBA than in the B10 strain. PMID- 6611309 TI - Chromic chloride as a coupling agent in anti-ds DNA passive haemagglutination test--a preliminary report. PMID- 6611308 TI - Cellular immunity & prognosis of human mammary carcinoma. PMID- 6611310 TI - Flow microfluorometry analysis of alterations in T-lymphocyte subsets during murine listeriosis. AB - C57BL/6 mice were infected intravenously with 6 X 10(3) Listeria monocytogenes organisms. As early as day 3 of infection, there was a marked reduction in the number of lymphocytes recovered from the peripheral blood, bone marrow, and thymuses of infected animals. Concomitantly, there was an increase in the number of splenic lymphocytes. By day 14, both the total and differential cell counts were similar in both infected and normal animals. Flow microfluorometric studies comparing the Thy-1.2, Lyt-1, Lyt-2, and surface immunoglobulin (SIg) phenotypes of lymphocytes from normal and infected mice were performed. Between days 3 and 5, there was a decrease in the percentage of Thy-1.2+ cells in the spleens of L. monocytogenes-infected animals. Conversely, the percentages of Lyt-1+, Lyt-2+, and SIg+ cells remained constant. At day 7 of infection, the percentage of Thy 1.2+ splenocytes was within normal limits, and at day 10, the percentage of Thy 1.2+ cells was elevated slightly. The absolute numbers of Thy-1.2+ cells were comparable in both infected and normal animals at early stages (days 3 to 5) of L. monocytogenes infection, but there was a marked elevation of Thy-1.2+ splenocytes at days 7 to 14 of infection. Lyt-1+, Lyt-2+, and SIg+ splenocytes increased in absolute numbers as early as day 3 of infection and were still elevated at day 14. Adrenalectomy before infection had no effect on the results obtained, suggesting that these changes were not mediated by endogenous steroids. PMID- 6611311 TI - Pulmonary clearance of encapsulated and unencapsulated Haemophilus influenzae strains. AB - A mouse model system was employed to investigate the temporal pattern of pulmonary clearance of Haemophilus influenzae and to evaluate the effect of the type b polysaccharide capsule on this clearance pattern. The lungs of BALB/c mice were inoculated with boluses of several different H. influenzae strains via an endobronchial catheter. A fully encapsulated H. influenzae type b strain multiplied readily in the lungs for at least 6 h and then was eventually cleared from the lungs over the next 18 h. The pulmonary clearance pattern obtained with an unencapsulated variant of this H. influenzae type b strain was identical to that obtained with the fully encapsulated parent strain. Two nontypable H. influenzae strains isolated by transtracheal aspiration of patients with acute H. influenzae pneumonia also multiplied in the lung and resisted significant clearance for at least 6 h after inoculation. Bolus deposition of either H. influenzae type b or nontypable H. influenzae in the lungs resulted in an eventual influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the alveoli. The observed delay in clearance of all these strains suggests that resident host defense mechanisms must be augmented for clearance to occur. Furthermore, these data indicate that one or more factors other than the Haemophilus capsule are important bacterial determinants of pulmonary clearance of H. influenzae. PMID- 6611313 TI - Cell surface modifications with trifluoromethyl dinitrophenyl-soluble protein conjugates: immunogenic role of noncovalently bound hapten. AB - Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was derivatized, under mild conditions, with trifluoromethyl-dinitrophenyl (CF3-DNP), a haptenic group cross-reacting with trinitrophenyl (TNP). High-field nuclear magnetic resonance of fluorine (19F-NMR) permitted to calculate the number of covalently and noncovalently bound haptenic groups per BSA molecule. Further dialysis against paratoluene sulfonic acid permitted to obtain CF3-DNP-BSA conjugates from which noncovalently bound hapten had been removed. Soluble conjugates containing 4 covalently bound plus 1 noncovalently bound hapten groups, or only 4 covalently bound groups, were added to splenocytes in culture. These splenocytes, after such treatments, were added to effector lymphocytes in a 5-day culture aimed at the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) against the CF3-DNP-induced cell surface modification antigens. It was found that only the BSA conjugates that contained noncovalently bound haptens were able to generate CTL against target cells whose surface had been directly modified with CF3-DNP, whereas BSA bearing only covalently bound hapten groups were not. Replacing BSA by human serum albumin, or CF3-DNP by TNP, gave comparable results. Thus, under the conditions used, haptenic groups covalently bound to their soluble carrier protein did not generate hapten-dependent CTL, but noncovalently bound or free haptenic groups at very low concentration were able to do so. PMID- 6611312 TI - Demonstration of interleukin 1 activity in apparently homogeneous specimens of the pI 5 form of rabbit endogenous pyrogen. AB - Rabbit mononuclear cells from oil-induced peritoneal exudates were purified by centrifugation on Percoll gradients, suspended in tissue culture medium, and stimulated with opsonized Staphylococcus epidermidis. The supernatants from these macrophages caused fever when injected intravenously into rabbits (endogenous pyrogen [EP] activity). The EP activity was contained in two protein fractions, with pIs of 7.3 and ca. 5.0. The same fractions caused mouse thymocytes to incorporate tritiated thymidine when incubated in vitro with small quantities of phytohemagglutinin (interleukin 1 [IL-1] activity). The pI 5.0 form of EP was purified to apparent homogeneity by sequential use of ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography, hydrophobic chromatography, and high-resolution isoelectric focusing. EP and IL-1 activities were not separable by any of these procedures. Active fractions from isoelectric focusing were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Only one band was visible as judged by a silver staining method, and IL-1 activity could be recovered by renaturing eluates from the same region of sodium dodecyl sulfate gels run in parallel. An estimate of specific activity was made by comparing the intensity of stained bands of EP with the intensity of bands containing known quantities of lysozyme or RNase. By this criterion, the specific activity of purified pI 5 EP was between 17,000 and 58,000 degrees C U/mg of protein, and the specific activity in terms of IL-1 was between 59 million and 360 million U per mg of protein. These observations suggest that both EP and IL-1 activities can be expressed by a single molecular species. The implications of this coincidence are discussed. It was also shown that highly purified pI 5 EP obtained from macrophages stimulated in the presence of 14C-labeled amino acids contained significant 14C radioactivity. This suggests that the pI 5.0 EP, like the pI 7.3 form, was synthesized de novo from amino acid precursors. PMID- 6611314 TI - Coronary endarterectomy as an adjunct to coronary artery bypass: a perspective. PMID- 6611315 TI - Clinical evaluation of an electrical current stimulator in spinal fusions. AB - Five patients with spondylolisthesis which caused symptoms were treated by spinal fusion and direct current bone-growth stimulation. After ten weeks bony fusion was observed and the patients returned to their normal activities. The implanted stimulator appears to promote early fusion. PMID- 6611316 TI - Treatment of leprosy with weekly intravenous infusion of leukocytes. AB - Two patients with lepromatous leprosy were treated with weekly intra-venous infusions of leukocyte concentrates for a period of 12 consecutive weeks. A reversal reaction was induced in one of the patients, and it was possible to control chronic erythema nodosum leprosum in the other subject. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the induction of these changes include the action of transfer factor, interactions between B- and T-lymphocytes or the mediation of a lymphokine necessary for the effective function of the cell mediated immunity. Immunotherapy for chronic infections, such as leprosy, still has not become a reality. PMID- 6611317 TI - Fission-spectrum neutrons at a low dose rate enhance neoplastic transformation in the linear, low dose region (0-10 cGy). AB - The neoplastic transformation of C3H 10T1/2 cells induced by fission-spectrum neutrons delivered at a high dose rate is linear up to 40 cGy. Reducing the dose rate increases the frequency of transformation in the low dose region. At a dose rate of 0.086 cGy min-1, the initial part of the induction curve remains linear but it has a slope 9-fold greater than the initial part of the curve at a high dose rate. PMID- 6611318 TI - The response of mouse skin to hyperthermia combined with fast neutrons or X-rays. AB - The effects of hyperthermia combined with fast neutrons (mean energy approximately 7.5 MeV) or X-rays (250 kVp) were studied in the skin of the mouse ear and foot. Hyperthermia was achieved by immersion in water at temperatures of 41.5-43.0 degrees C for 1 hour. The heat treatments used caused no observable tissue injury other than transient erythema but they enhanced the response to both neutrons and X-rays. The enhancement of neutron damage increased as the heating temperature was increased, as is well known for X-rays. When heat was given after irradiation the thermal enhancement ratio (t.e.r.) for neutrons was similar to that for X-rays. When heat was given before irradiation the neutron t.e.r. was less than that for X-rays. Consequently, the relative biological effectiveness of fast neutrons compared with X-rays was not altered by giving heat after irradiation but it was reduced by giving heat before irradiation. PMID- 6611320 TI - OH radical-induced crosslinks of methionine peptides. AB - Reactions of radiation-generated OH radicals with methionine (Met) and its homopeptides, L-Met-L-Met and tri-L-Met, were investigated through reaction products. Samples of irradiated Met and HCl-hydrolysates of its irradiated homopeptides were trimethylsilylated and analysed by capillary gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Mass spectra taken revealed the formation of three products, 2 amino-4-(methyldithio)butanoic acid, 4,4'-thiobis(2-aminobutanoic acid) and homocystine. G values of these products were determined to be 0.10, 0.16 and 0.30, respectively. PMID- 6611319 TI - The effects of alcohols, procaine and hyperthermia on the protein content of nuclei and chromatin. AB - Since previous studies suggest that heat-induced nuclear changes correlate with cell killing we have extended these observations by measuring nuclear and chromatin protein content in HeLa cells heat sensitized by agents which are believed to cause membrane damage. Specifically, we have investigated the effects of alcohol (C2-C5) and procaine. Exposure of HeLa cells to alcohol concentrations greater than 1 M ethanol or 0.2 M butanol for 30 min causes a measurable increase in the protein content of both nuclei and chromatin. When cells were heated (45 degrees C) in the presence of alcohol, the increase in nuclear and chromatin protein content was significantly greater than that for heat alone at concentrations above 0.25 M ethanol and 0.07 M butanol. In addition, the presence of 0.41 M ethanol causes a two-fold increase, over heat alone, in the amount of protein absorbed to chromatin when cells are heated at 45 degrees C from 0 to 60 min. Similar effects were observed with procaine. Thus, alcohol or procaine alone can cause an increase in chromatin protein content and can act synergistically with heat to cause a larger increase. These results suggest that membrane damage may cause a larger increased protein content of chromatin and thereby lead to cell death. PMID- 6611321 TI - Radiofrequency radiation and the immune system. Part 3. In vitro effects on human immunoglobin and on murine T- and B-lymphocytes. AB - Radiofrequency radiation (RFR) altered the physical separation of immunoglobulin (Ig) and of T- and B-lymphocytes during liquid gel chromatography. Exposure of human serum to a 10 MHz electric field (8500 V/m, less than or equal to 0.134 W kg-1) during chromatography resulted in accelerated elution of the IgM, IgA and IgG fractions. This effect is consistent with an increase in steric resistance of Ig molecules to the gel pores resulting in rapid elution. The low level of absorbed power employed did not lead to measurable heating of the gel media (25.00 +/- 0.05 degrees C). Effects on lymphocyte separation were investigated by performing immunoaffinity cell chromatography during exposure to 2500 MHz RFR (194 V/m, less than or equal to 0.117 W kg-1). Murine spleen lymphocytes were fractionated at 4.0 degrees C over Ig-derivatized agarose beads into Ig- and Ig+ lymphocyte subpopulations. RFR exposures resulted in premature elution of 19 per cent of the Ig+ (B-cell) population indicating an alteration of Ig binding. Temperature excursions in excess of +/- 0.05 degree C were not observed during exposures. These in vitro results demonstrate that Ig, whether freely diffusing in solution or bound to the lymphocyte cell surface, is influenced by RFR at absorbed power levels below the current recommended safety limit of 0.4 W kg-1 (U.S.A.). A possible mode of interaction for these effects as well as the relevance of these findings to in vivo biological processes are discussed. PMID- 6611322 TI - Pulse radiolytic studies on uracil and uracil derivatives. Protonation of their electron adducts at oxygen and carbon. AB - The electron adducts of uracil, 1,3-dimethyluracil and 1,3-dimethylthymine, known to protonate rapidly in aqueous solution at oxygen, are now shown to undergo a slower protonation at C(6) producing a radical centred at C(5), a reaction which can be catalysed by buffer. PMID- 6611323 TI - Effects of tritiated water ingestion on mice: III. Hexokinase isozymes in brain, liver and spleen up to five generations. AB - The radiobiological consequences of chronic exposure to 3H at a dose level of 37 kBq/ml or 1 muCi/ml is reported. An inbred strain of Swiss albino mice was exposed up to 5 generations. Metabolic disorders were recorded by monitoring quantitative and qualitative changes in hexokinase and its isozymes from brain, liver and spleen from both sexes. The delivered dose ranged from approximately 41 mGy to 98 mGy. Nonetheless, the changes in enzyme activities as well as electrophoretic mobilities were significant. Deviations from normal levels were recorded in both sexes. The evidence indicates that direct effects of beta irradiation can cause conformational changes in enzyme molecules. However, damage to DNA and membranes as being causal factors for variations in the enzyme levels cannot be ruled out. These disorders culminated in a gradual reduction in litter size. The implications of exposure to this dose of tritiated water is discussed in the light of NCRP recommendations and relevant literature. PMID- 6611324 TI - Role of T-lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of herpetic stromal keratitis. AB - Our study was designed to investigate the mechanism of the stromal reaction in experimental ocular infection of murine eyes with herpes simplex virus (HSV). Severe stromal keratitis with scarring occurred in BALB/c mice after infection of the scarified cornea but similar reactions did not occur in athymic mice. However, if athymic mice were given adoptive transfers of lymphoid cells, a severe necrotizing and ulcerative keratitis accompanied by scarring resulted. The lesion progressed more quickly in recipients of lymphoid cells specifically immune to HSV and containing cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity. In such mice, necrosis and ulceration were marked on the sixth day after transfer compared with 9-12 days for those given nonimmune cells. Removal of T-lymphocytes from the immune lymphoid population by treatment with specific antiserum and complement abrogated the adoptive transfer of the stromal reaction. Our results further demonstrate that stromal keratitis represents a host immunopathologic response to HSV infection in which T-lymphocytes are essential participants. Multiple mechanisms of T-cell immunopathology appear to be operating, including a reaction mediated by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. PMID- 6611325 TI - Functional evaluation of distal esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter after esophagogastric devascularization, esophageal transection and antireflux procedure for bleeding esophageal varices. AB - Distal esophageal function and LES competence were evaluated in 21 patients by means of esophageal manometry and standard pHmetry after Sujura mod. operation for bleeding esophageal varices. This operation involves complete devascularization of 10-12 cm. of distal esophagus, disruption of anatomic anti reflux mechanism, excision of nearly one cm. of muscular tissue at lower esophageal sphincter level. Intraoperative manometry was performed in 8 patients and demonstrated a significant shortening of high pressure zone, while lower esophageal sphincter pressure did not show significant variations. Postoperatively gastroesophageal reflux at pHmetry was not observed (five patients had pathological reflux preoperatively). No significant variations of resting lower esophageal sphincter pressure and no peristaltic alterations were observed. In conclusion despite the marked anatomic alterations related to this procedure, sphincter dynamics and distal esophageal function remain nearly normal. PMID- 6611326 TI - Ascending aorta to femoral arteries by-pass: a safe surgical technique of lower limb revascularization in high risk patients undergoing coronary artery by-pass. AB - The coexistence of a coronary artery obstructive disease (CAOD) with aorto-iliac obstructive disease (AIOD) often represents a surgical problem. Because of left main coronary disease (LMCOD) the contemporary correction of AIOD should be performed with a simple non traumatic procedure. The case of a high risk patient in whom aortoiliac obstructive disease has been corrected with the implantation of a bifurcated vascular prosthesis from the ascending aorta to the bilateral common femoral arteries, and with a double aorto-coronary by-pass, is reported. PMID- 6611327 TI - The contribution of dietary vitamin D and sunlight to the plasma 25 hydroxyvitamin D in the elderly. AB - Total plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) and its components 25-OHD2 and 25-OHD3 were measured during the winter in young and elderly healthy persons and in elderly women patients in a long-stay mental hospital. The long-stay patients had no exposure to sunlight or other ultraviolet irradiation, but their diet alone maintained an average total 25-OHD level of 16 nmol/l (range, 10.3-26.5 nmol/l), with most values within the ranges observed in the other two groups, although the average value was lower. The plasma 25-OHD2 which is derived exclusively from vitamin D2 in the diet was similar in all three groups and the vitamin D intake was also similar in the two elderly groups. 25-OHD3 is obtained from the diet as well as from the skin and in the elderly patients the diet alone maintained equal concentrations of 25-OHD2 and 25-OHD3. These findings taken together suggest that the diet accounted for 70 per cent of the total 25-OHD in the active elderly in winter compared with 50 per cent in the young subjects. In all our subjects, young or old, the diet was the major source of vitamin D. PMID- 6611328 TI - Analysis of monoclonal antibodies reactive with human class II beta chains by two dimensional electrophoresis and Western blotting. AB - We have used the Western blotting technique to examine B lymphoblastoid cell line (B-LCL) membrane proteins separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis specifically to analyze the binding patterns of monoclonal antibodies to separated HLA class II antigen beta (beta) subunits. The B-LCL LG-10 (homozygous for DR7), in which at least two sets of class II molecules can be distinguished on the basis of different electrophoretic mobilities, was examined with five monoclonal antibodies which detect monomorphic determinants. Four of the antibodies reacted with only DR beta subunits, while one antibody, XD5.A11, reacted with DR and with additional beta chains. Examination of two polymorphic monoclonal antibodies, SFR3-DR5, specific for HLA-DR5, and SFR3-PI.1, which reacts with a determinant absent from DR3 and DR7 homozygous lines, showed that both bind beta subunits from Swei, a DR5 homozygous line. Purification of a subpopulation of Swei class II molecules using an SFR3-PI.1 affinity column showed that the determinants recognized by SFR3-DR5, SFR3-PI.1, and a monomorphic monoclonal antibody reactive only with HLA-DR beta subunits of LG-10, reacted with identical beta subunits. Additional class II antigen subunits reactive with XD5.A11 were nonreactive with the polymorphic antibodies and the HLA-DR-specific monomorphic monoclonal antibody. PMID- 6611329 TI - Effects of low dose rate irradiation on plateau phase bone marrow stromal cells in vitro: demonstration of a new form of non-lethal, physiologic damage to support of hematopoietic stem cells. AB - The clinical use of low dose rate (LDR) (5-25 rad/min) total body irradiation in bone marrow transplantation patients is well established. We have developed an in vitro system for study of the effects of LDR irradiation on bone marrow stromal cells. Purified mouse bone marrow stromal cell cultures in plateau phase with no detectable hematopoiesis were prepared and were then "engrafted" in vitro by addition of purified nonadherent hematopoietic cells from continuous bone marrow cultures. Hematopoietic cells were added in liquid medium or suspended in an overlay of semisolid 0.4% agar-containing medium. Other agar overlays contained Interleukin-3-dependent cloned multipotential hematopoietic stem cell line B6SUtA. In parallel experiments, a cloned permanent bone marrow stromal cell line D2XRII was used in place of purified stromal cell cultures. Stromal cultures were irradiated at 5 rad/min, 20 rad/min, or 200 rad/min, 24 hours or 3 weeks prior to "engraftment." Two classes of irradiation damage were demonstrated following 1000 rad irradiation at 200 rad/min: 1) Decreased clonagenic survival of trypsinized replated marrow stromal cells (lethal effect); and 2) decreased production by marrow stromal cells or D2XRII cells of colony stimulating factors (CSF)s for granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells and B6SUtA cells (physiologic effect). Holding the cultures in plateau phase for 3 weeks after irradiation was associated with significantly more repair of the lethal effect compared to the physiologic effect. Cultures irradiated at 5 rad/min or 20 rad/min to doses producing significantly less lethal effect showed a complex alteration of production of growth factors. Cumulative cell production by hemopoietic stem cells added in liquid culture was comparably decreased for all three dose rates. These data demonstrate a distinct physiologic expression of irradiation damage to bone marrow stromal cells that affects cell to cell interaction, responds differently to changes in dose rate, and is repaired with kinetics different from those of the lethal effect of irradiation. The present system should prove valuable for investigation of cellular interactions in hematopoietic stem cell engraftment that are altered by total body irradiation. PMID- 6611330 TI - Directional hearing in the grass frog (Rana temporaria L.): I. Mechanical vibrations of tympanic membrane. AB - The vibration characteristics (amplitude and phase as a function of frequency) of the tympanic membrane in the grass frog were measured using a laser-doppler velocity meter. It was tested to what extent the frog's acoustic system behaves as a pressure gradient receiver. This might clarify how the frog localizes sound. Using a closed sound system the membrane was stimulated at three different entrances: in front of the membrane, at the contralateral ear and from inside the mouth. A combination of these can describe the motion of the membrane under free field conditions. It is found that the sound entrance from inside the mouth will give almost identical vibration characteristics as stimulation in front of the membrane. This can yield a perfect gradient receiver mechanism, when the frog opens its mouth. It is doubted however whether the frog in nature needs to open its mouth for localization of sound. With mouth closed the effectiveness of the gradient receiver will be determined by the transmission characteristics of sound across the tissues of the mouth. The entrance of sound via the contralateral ear is only effective at frequencies between 800 and 1600 Hz. At those frequencies crosstalk between the membranes is however not more than -4 to -8 dB. This is subject to changes in the acoustic properties of the mouth cavity and can possibly be altered by the frog in free nature. PMID- 6611332 TI - The use of computed tomography in medical imaging. PMID- 6611331 TI - Production of amylase by Aspergillus foetidus on rice flour medium and characterization of the enzyme. AB - Aspergillus foetidus ATCC 10254 was selected from nine starch-utilizing microorganisms for its high amylolytic activity. This mould produced high levels of extracellular alpha-amylase in rice starch medium and degraded the available starch efficiently. Optimal conditions for enzyme production on 2.0% rice medium included 28 degrees C, initial pH of 6.6, and supplementations with 0.02% NaNO2, 0.08% KH2PO4, and 0.08% corn steep liquor. Eleven-fold purification of the enzyme was obtained after ammonium sulphate and ethanol precipitations from spent medium. The molecular weight was estimated at 41 500. Optimum pH and temperature for enzyme activity were 5.0 and 45 degrees C. Michaelis-Menten constants were 1.14 mg/ml on amylopectin, 2.19 mg/ml on soluble starch and 7.65 mg/ml on amylose. Amylose produced substrate inhibition while glucose or maltose did not inhibit the enzyme. This alpha-amylase may be used as a saccharifying enzyme for rice starch. Aspergillus foetidus ATCC 10254 also presents a potential for treatment of starch-containing waste waters. PMID- 6611333 TI - Snake bite poisoning: a preliminary report. PMID- 6611334 TI - Sexual and physical growth in Kerala boys. PMID- 6611335 TI - Induction of the photosynthetic membranes of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides: biochemical and morphological studies. AB - Cells of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides grown in a 25% O2 atmosphere were rapidly subjected to total anaerobiosis in the presence of light to study the progression of events associated with the de novo synthesis of the inducible intracytoplasmic membrane (ICM). This abrupt change in physiological conditions resulted in the immediate cessation of cell growth and whole cell protein, DNA, and phospholipid accumulation. Detectable cell growth and whole cell protein accumulation resumed ca. 12 h later. Bulk phospholipid accumulation paralleled cell growth, but the synthesis of individual phospholipid species during the adaptation period suggested the existence of a specific regulatory site in phospholipid synthesis at the level of the phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase system. Freeze fracture electron microscopy showed that aerobic cells contain small indentations within the cell membrane that appear to be converted into discrete ICM invaginations within 1 h after the imposition of anaerobiosis. Microscopic examination also revealed a series of morphological changes in ICM structure and organization during the lag period before the initiation of photosynthetic growth. Bacteriochlorophyll synthesis and the formation of the two light harvesting bacteriochlorophyll-protein complexes of R. sphaeroides (B800-850 and B875) occurred coordinately within 2 h after the shift to anaerobic conditions. Using antibodies prepared against various ICM-specific polypeptides, the synthesis of reaction center proteins and the polypeptides associated with the B800-850 complex was monitored. The reaction center H polypeptide was immunochemically detected at low levels in the cell membrane of aerobic cells, which contained no detectable ICM or bacteriochlorophyll. The results are discussed in terms of the oxygen-dependent regulation of gene expression in R. sphaeroides and the possible role of the reaction center H polypeptide and the cell membrane indentations in the site-specific assembly of ICM pigment-protein complexes during the de novo synthesis of the ICM. PMID- 6611337 TI - Solvent properties of ground substance studied by cryomicrodissection and intracellular reference-phase techniques. AB - Water, sodium, potassium, ATP, amino acids, and sugars are not uniformly distributed in Rana pipiens oocytes. Concentration differences exist between nucleus (germinal vesicle) and ooplasm and between animal and vegetal ooplasmic regions. The mechanisms responsible for these differences were investigated using intracellular reference-phase (iRP) analysis. The iRP is an artificial "organelle" that has the solvent properties of a dilute salt solution and is in diffusional equilibrium with water and solutes present in other cellular compartments. Ooplasm/iRP solute distributions show that ooplasm differs from ordinary aqueous solutions--exhibiting both solute exclusion and solute binding. Yolk platelets are an important cause of this behavior, largely because their proteins are present as hydrate crystals, which are rich in anionic sites and which interact intensely with associated water. Because of yolk's abundance, it obscures the solvent and binding properties of ooplasmic ground substance. The oocyte nucleus is yolk and organelle free and the nuclear envelope is readily permeable. Consequently, nucleus/iRP solute concentration differences reflect the binding and solvent properties of nuclear ground substance. Nucleoplasm binds approximately 19 meq of potassium. Furthermore, the monosaccharides, 3-O methylglucose, L-glucose, and D-xylose, are selectively excluded, their nucleus/iRP concentration ratios averaging about 0.7; ratios for other solutes studied are unity. We interpret monosaccharide exclusion to mean that nuclear ground substance water is different in its "instantaneous" structure from ordinary saline water. Because of this difference, hydrogen bond interaction between nuclear water and certain sterically restricted solutes, of which ringed monosaccharides are examples, is reduced. Some implications of modified ground substance water and selective solute exclusion are discussed. PMID- 6611336 TI - Biochemical phenotype of 5-fluorouracil-resistant murine T-lymphoblasts with genetically altered CTP synthetase activity. AB - From wild type mouse lymphoma cells, a clone, (FURT-1A), was isolated by virtue of its resistance to 1 microM 5-fluorouracil and 10 microM thymidine. In comparative growth rate experiments, FURT-1A cells were also less sensitive than parental cells to the growth inhibitory effects of thymidine, deoxyguanosine, 5 fluorouridine, and arabinosylcytosine. The altered growth sensitivity of FURT-1A cells to cytotoxic nucleosides was directly related to their decreased ability to accumulate the corresponding triphosphate from exogenous nucleoside. FURT-1A cells contained elevated cytidylate nucleotide pools which prevented normal growth sensitivity and interfered with the salvage of nucleosides by inhibiting nucleoside kinase activities, by stimulating nucleotide dephosphorylating activities, and by overcoming certain allosteric inhibitions imposed on ribonucleotide reductase. Metabolic flux experiments with [3H]uridine in situ indicated that FURT-1A cells had a 2-fold enhanced rate of conversion of UTP to CTP. Kinetic analyses indicated that the CTP synthetase activity in extracts of FURT-1A cells was refractory to inhibition by CTP. The genetic loss of normal allosteric inhibition of the CTP synthetase activity in FURT-1A cells could account for the unusual phenotypic properties of these cells and conferred a high spontaneous mutator phenotype to cells possessing this mutation. PMID- 6611338 TI - Calcium and magnesium contents and volume of the terminal cisternae in caffeine treated skeletal muscle. AB - (a) The effects of caffeine on the composition and volume of the terminal cisternae (TC) of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in frog skeletal muscle were determined with rapid freezing, electron microscopy, and electron probe analysis. (b) Caffeine (5 mM) released approximately 65% of the Ca content of the TC in 1 min and 84% after 3 min. The release of Ca from the TC was associated with a highly significant increase in its Mg content. This increase in Mg was not reduced by valinomycin. There was also a small increase in the K content of the TC at 1 min, although not after 3 min of caffeine contracture. (c) On the basis of the increase in Mg content during caffeine contracture and during tetanus (Somlyo, A. V., H. Gonzalez-Serratos, H. Shuman, G. McClellan, and A. P. Somlyo, 1981, J. Cell Biol., 90:577-594), we suggest that both mechanisms of Ca release are associated with an increase in the Ca and Mg permeability of the SR membranes, the two ions possibly moving through a common channel. (d) There was a significant increase in the P content of the TC during caffeine contracture, while in tetanized muscle (see reference above) there was no increase in the P content of the TC. (e) Mitochondrial Ca content was significantly increased (at 1 and at 3 min) during caffeine contracture. Valinomycin (5 microM) blocked this mitochondrial Ca uptake. (f) The sustained Ca release caused by caffeine in situ contrasts with the transient Ca release observed in studies of fragmented SR preparations, and could be explained by mediation of the caffeine-induced Ca release by a second messenger produced more readily in intact muscle than in isolated SR. (g) The TC were not swollen in rapidly frozen, caffeine-treated muscles, in contrast to the swelling of the TC observed in conventionally fixed, caffeine-treated preparation, the latter finding being in agreement with previous studies. (h) The fractional volume of the TC in rapidly frozen control (resting) frog semitendinosus muscles (approximately 2.1%) was less than the volume (approximately 2.5%) after glutaraldehyde-osmium fixation. PMID- 6611340 TI - Transformation by human adenoviruses. PMID- 6611341 TI - Characterization of the Blym-1 transforming genes of chicken and human B-cell lymphomas. PMID- 6611339 TI - Mutants of Chinese hamster cells deficient in thymidylate synthetase. AB - Stable mutants of Chinese hamster V79 cells deficient in thymidylate synthetase (TS; E.C. 2.1.1.45) have been selected from cultures grown in medium supplemented with folinic acid, aminopterin, and thymidine (FAT). After chemical mutagenesis, the frequency of colonies resistant to the "FAT" medium increased more than 100 fold over the spontaneous frequency. The optimal expression time of the mutant phenotype was 5-7 days after mutagen treatment. The recovery of FAT-resistant colonies in the selective medium was not affected by the presence of wild-type cells at a density below 9,000 cells per cm2. All 21 mutants tested exhibited thymidine auxotrophy; neither folinic acid nor deoxyuridine could support mutant cell growth. There was no detectable TS activity in all 11 mutants so far examined and only about 50% of wild-type activity in three prototrophic revertants, as measured by whole-cell and cell-free enzyme assays. The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) for deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate and inhibition constant (Ki) for 5-fluoro-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate, measured by whole-cell enzyme assay, appear to be similar for the wild-type and revertant cell lines. Using 5-fluoro-[6-3H]-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate as active site titrant, the relative amounts of TS in crude cell extract from the parental, revertant, and mutant cells were shown to exist in a 1:0.5:0 ratio. Furthermore, the enzymes from two revertants were more heat labile than that of V79 cells. These properties, taken together, suggest that the FAT-resistant, thymidine auxotrophic phenotype may be the result of a structural gene mutation at the TS locus. The availability of such a mutant facilitates studies on thymidylate stress in relation to DNA metabolism, cell growth, and mutagenesis. PMID- 6611342 TI - Permissive effect of cytochalasin B on DNA synthesis in concanavalin-A-treated lymphocytes. AB - Unfractionated or T-cell-enriched human lymphocytes can be stimulated to undergo DNA synthesis and mitosis by the addition of polyclonal cell activators such as the plant lectins phytohaemagglutinin and concanavalin A (ConA). Under conventional culture conditions stimulated cells cease proliferating only a few days after the first cells have initiated DNA synthesis. Cytochalasin B (CB), which is non-mitogenic per se, causes a prolongation of the period during which ConA stimulates DNA synthesis from normally 3-5 days to more than 3 weeks. The CB induced prolongation of cell proliferation is clearly stage-specific in the sense that the CB effects are exerted after an initial period of 24 h and do not come into effect until 48 h after onset of ConA stimulation. In contrast, CB exerts a slight suppressive action on DNA synthesis between 24 h (when activated cells initiate DNA synthesis) and 48 h after onset of stimulation. These two separate effects of CB, i.e. augmentation of lymphocyte stimulation 48 h after stimulation, and suppression of stimulation before this point of time, are relatively independent of the concentration of CB. PMID- 6611343 TI - A rapid method for purification of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 from rabbit plasma by recycle high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6611344 TI - The effect of crossovers on estimates of survival in medically treated patients with coronary artery disease. AB - Among 1661 consecutive patients with significant coronary artery disease treated medically at the Duke University Medical Center, 239 have undergone aortocoronary bypass surgery after at least 6 months of medical management. The purpose of this investigation was twofold: (1) to identify the distinguishing characteristics of these treatment crossovers; and (2) to illustrate a method of estimating the effect that withdrawing the crossovers from the analysis would have on the survival of the medically managed patients. Of 81 baseline characteristics compared, 25 were significantly (p less than 0.05) different between crossovers and noncrossovers. These included five characteristics that had previously been determined to be independent predictors favoring improved survival in medically treated coronary artery disease. A Cox regression analysis identified six variables independently associated with the time until crossover surgery. Crossover patients were younger and had superior ventricular function. A hazard score, which summarized in a single variable the overall risk of mortality, was developed from the prognostic baseline characteristics. Crossover patients had significantly (p = 0.003) lower hazard scores and hence would have been expected to have a superior survival compared with noncrossover patients. In our series, survival in the medically treated patients would likely have been higher had the crossovers remained in the medical group. PMID- 6611345 TI - Persistence of parathyroid hypersecretion after vitamin D treatment in Asian vegetarians. AB - An investigation into plasma calcium concentrations and the biochemical factors which regulate it in vegetarian Asian subjects without clinical or radiological features of osteomalacia revealed the presence of low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and elevated PTH concentrations, even in the presence of calcium levels in the normal range (up to 2.35 mmol/liter). These elevated PTH concentrations, though not as high as those in osteomalacic patients with hypocalcemia, often persisted despite treatment with vitamin D, normalization of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and an increase in calcium concentrations. In one patient the PTH concentration remained high even when the plasma calcium concentration became supranormal. Therefore, secondary hyperparathyroidism is commonly associated with vegetarianism, and may play an important role in maintaining calcium concentrations within the normal range. Persistent elevation of PTH despite normalization of 25-hydroxyvitamin D also points to autonomous PTH hypersecretion, which may result in osteolysis in the long term, and raises the question of the need for vitamin D supplementation in vegetarians with low dietary intake of vitamin D. PMID- 6611346 TI - T-lymphocyte subsets in liver tissues of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and normal controls. AB - T lymphocytes infiltrating hepatic tissues were typed and enumerated in liver biopsies of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and normal controls using monoclonal antibodies and the avidin-biotin-immunoperoxidase technique. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells were studied also by flow cytometry. In PBC, T lymphocytes were decreased (P less than 0.001) in the blood [absolute number was 426 +/- 200 (SE) vs 1351 +/ 416 in 15 controls], as was the helper/suppressor (T4/T8) ratio (1.0 +/- 0.1 vs normal 2.3 +/- 0.3). T lymphocytes were the most numerous mononuclear cells infiltrating portal areas of PBC livers: 749 +/- 93/5 high-power fields (HPF) in PBC vs 98 +/- 15/5 HPF (P less than 0.01) in controls. The T4/T8 ratios varied from 0.9 to 2.3 (mean, 1.8 +/- 0.1) in the portal triads (normal mean, 1.6 +/- 0.1), with the T4+ cells accounting for more than 75% of infiltrating T cells. In contrast, the mean T4/T8 ratio in portal triads of PSC was reduced (1.0 +/- 0.3) due to a significant increase (P less than 0.001) in the number of T8+ cells. The T cells around and in the walls of bile ducts in PBC were mostly T8+, and the T4/T8 ratio was 0.8 +/- 0.2. No T8+ cells were seen in this location in PSC and normal livers. Few mononuclear cells were present in hepatic lobules. Subtyping of T lymphocytes in liver tissues of patients with PBC and PSC may be helpful in the differential pathologic diagnosis. In patients with advanced PBC, a decrease in T4+ cells in the blood appeared to be accompanied by their accumulation in the portal triads. In contrast, T8+ cells accumulated preferentially around bile ducts. PMID- 6611347 TI - Natural killer cell-mediated activity in mixed connective tissue disease and its response to induction by interleukin-2. AB - We studied natural killer cell-mediated (NKCM) activity and its enhancement by interleukin-2 (IL-2) in 15 patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). The mean baseline NKCM activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) against K562 target cells in the 51Cr release assay was found to be similar to that found in age/sex-matched controls. MCTD patients' cells, however, responded significatively less to IL-2 induction of NKCM than did those of the controls. Using the single-cell agarose NK assay, we found that MCTD patients have a small number of active NK cells that exhibit a high rate of recycling capacity in the baseline state. These preactivated cells could not be stimulated further by IL-2. In two MCTD patients the response to IL-2 was nil, and in the serum from both of them we found an IgM inhibitory factor of such IL-2 induced enhancement. This factor could be absorbed only partially by normal MNC and NK cell-depleted MNC but completely by an IL-2-dependent T-cell line, suggesting that the inhibitory factor may be acting on the IL-2 receptor. These findings seem to be different from those reported in systemic lupus erythematosus and strengthen the notion that MCTD is due to a different immunoregulatory aberration. PMID- 6611348 TI - 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) directly inhibits spontaneous immunoglobulin secretion by in vivo antigen-induced human lymphoblastoid B cells. AB - Tetanus toxoid (Tet) booster immunization induces the transient appearance in the circulation of lymphoblastoid (LB) B cells which spontaneously produce anti tetanus toxoid IgG antibody (IgG-Tet) during a 3-day in vitro culture. In this study we have examined the effects of TPA on the ability of LB cells to secrete antibody and have found that as little as 10 ng/ml of TPA provoked a marked inhibition of the induced LB cells' IgG-Tet production. This inhibitory effect was observed only when TPA was added early in the culture and could be achieved by pretreating the B cells with TPA for as little as 1 hr. Only marginal inhibition of IgG-Tet production was observed if the addition of TPA was delayed 14-24 hr. The TPA inhibition was not mediated by contaminant T cells as the addition of increasing numbers of T cells to LB cell cultures proportionally reversed the TPA inhibitory effect. Likewise, the inhibition of antibody synthesis was not due to a monocyte-dependent mechanism since (1) substantial depletion of adherent cells did not reverse the inhibition of antibody synthesis, (2) the addition of a monocyte-enriched population to monocyte-depleted B cells did not enhance, but in fact partially reversed, the inhibition caused by TPA, and (3) the addition of monocyte populations pretreated with TPA to monocyte depleted B-cell fractions did not inhibit subsequent IgG-Tet production by the LB cells. PMID- 6611350 TI - Endotoxin in middle-ear effusions from patients with chronic otitis media with effusion. AB - Endotoxin concentrations were determined in middle-ear effusions (MEEs) from 89 children with chronic otitis media by using the Limulu's amoebocyte lysate assay. Mean concentrations of endotoxin in Haemophilus influenzae-positive and Streptococcus pneumoniae-positive MEEs were 157 and 21.8 ng/ml, respectively, and were significantly different (P less than 0.01). Endotoxin was also found in Gram stain-positive, culture-negative and Gram stain-negative, culture-negative MEEs, but the levels were not significantly different (P greater than 0.05). However, the endotoxin concentrations in both groups of culture-negative MEEs significantly lower than those found in MEEs that grew either H. influenzae or S. pneumoniae (P less than 0.05). These results show that endotoxin is present in a high percentage of human MEEs, including those that are culture negative, and may contribute to the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion. PMID- 6611349 TI - Interleukin-2 correction of defective in vitro T-cell mitogenesis in patients with common varied immunodeficiency. AB - We studied the ability of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and two anti-T-cell monoclonal antibodies, OKT3 and Pan T2, to induce interleukin-2 (IL2) production and proliferation in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 14 patients with combined varied immunodeficiency (CVI). The median values of endogenous IL2 produced by mitogen-stimulated PBL was significantly lower in patients than controls irrespective of the mitogen used. The patients, taken as a group, had a significantly decreased in vitro PBL response to mitogen stimulation when compared to controls. With the addition of a highly purified human IL2 preparation, the proliferative response in the majority of patients was significantly improved with all mitogens. Three patient groups could be distinguished: Group A (3/14) had full restoration of proliferative response with the addition of IL2, Group B (5/14) had partial restoration, and Group C (6/14) had no significant response. The monoclonal antibody, Pan T2, recognized a T-cell proliferative defect in 5 of 14 patients which neither PHA nor OKT3 recognized. This was not significantly corrected by the addition of IL2. This T-cell proliferative defect correlated with the lack of B-cell proliferation and immunoglobulin production in response to B-cell mitogens in three-fourths of the patients assayed. These data show that CVI patients are a heterogeneous group but have in common a decreased in vitro production of IL2 resulting in a proliferative defect which is correctable at least in part, in vitro, in the majority by the addition of purified IL2. PMID- 6611351 TI - Structural studies of the waves in striated muscle fibres shortened passively below their slack length. AB - Isolated skeletal muscle fibres of Rana pipiens were shortened below their slack length by longitudinal compression in a gelatine block, and examined by light and electron microscopy. Waves appeared sharply when the striation spacing (S) reached a critical value (about 2 microns) and increased in height with further compression down to S = 1.6 microns while the resting band pattern was maintained. The waves were plane, helical or irregular, with wave lengths of 5-15 striations. The Z lines usually ran perpendicular to the direction of the myofibrils to form wedge-shaped sarcomeres. The bending occurred mainly in the I band. The thin filaments ran stiffly for about 30 nm from the Z line and then bent toward the A band. The thick filaments bent very slightly, particularly at their tips. The edges of the A band were indistinct, and there were no dense lines at the A-I junction. The appearance of the individual sarcomeres resembled those in relaxed myofibrils at slack length, with no Cm bands. The H zone was only seen occasionally in the slack and wavy fibres examined. In very thin sections the individual thin filaments were seen to end in the pseudo-H zone, and not to cross the M line. There was a single array of not more than six thin filaments round each thick one in transverse sections of the M-line region. These observations suggest that the narrowing of the bands observed in fresh wavy fibres is due mainly to the obliquity of the myofibrils, and that the sarcomere length measured parallel to their axis is longer than the striation spacing. The relationship between sarcomere length and the length of the thin-filament complex is discussed. PMID- 6611352 TI - Sarcomere and filament lengths in passive muscle fibres with wavy myofibrils. AB - Longitudinal compression of isolated skeletal muscle fibres of Rana pipiens caused waves to appear sharply at a critical striation spacing which was slightly less than the slack length measured at the same point. Both slack length and critical length varied between fibres and along the length of one fibre, being shortest near the tendons. The critical length varied from 1.93 to 2.11 microns. The troponin periodicity (Pdiff) was measured in embedded material by light diffraction of calibrated electron micrographs. Comparison between the troponin periodicities in a fibre made wavy at one end and stretched at the other showed that longitudinal compression did not cause shortening of the thin filaments. Comparison between Pdiff and the troponin periodicity of fresh muscle provided an estimate of the artefact mainly caused by shrinkage during specimen preparation. It varied from 3 to 11%. The gaps between the ends of the thin filaments in the M line region were estimated from sarcomere length (corrected for shrinkage) and the assumed in vivo values for total thin-filament length or the length between the last troponin lines (1.975 microns and 1.925 microns respectively). The estimates were confirmed by a few direct measurements of thin-filament length and periodicity. Sarcomere length varied from fibre to fibre, from 1.91 to 2.12 microns, except at the inside of bends in wedge-shaped sarcomeres where it fell to 1.86 microns in some cases. This indicates that in one fibre the tips of the thin filaments overlapped at the level of the last troponin lines, while, at the other extreme, the tips of the thin filaments only just reached the bare zone of the thick filaments. The origin of the resistance to sliding and the force which restores an actively shortened fibre to its slack length are discussed. While there may be a well-defined barrier to sliding at the point where the troponins of opposite polarity meet, there must also be an additional length-dependent resistance to account for the appearance of waves at longer sarcomere lengths. The formation of waves is interpreted as a buckling phenomenon in which a longitudinal compressive force is applied to the myofibrils which have a finite stiffness bending and a finite elastic restraint against lateral displacement. The bending stiffness is largely and perhaps entirely accounted for by contributions from (1) the stiffness of the individual filaments and (2) the stiffness of myofibrils calculated from their Young's modulus. PMID- 6611353 TI - Catecholamines are mitogenic in 3T3 and bovine aortic endothelial cells. AB - We have found that catecholamines stimulate DNA synthesis and centrosomal separation in 3T3 and bovine aortic endothelial cells cultured in the absence of serum or added growth factors. The mitogenic effect is mediated by an alpha 1 adrenergic receptor, as it is inhibited by phentolamine and prazosin but not by propranolol or yohimbine. The physiological and pathological consequences of this effect remain to be determined. PMID- 6611354 TI - Functional T lymphocyte immune deficiency in a population of homosexual men who do not exhibit symptoms of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - To determine whether healthy homosexual men are immunologically impaired, peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from 20 male homosexuals were compared prospectively with PBL from 14 age-matched male heterosexual donors with respect to: (a) the capacity of their PBL to generate functional T cell immune responses in vitro; and (b) the content of total T cells and T cell subsets in their peripheral blood. The homosexual donors studied indicated moderate sexual life styles in that all but one of the donors had less than five current sexual partners. The percentages of OKT3+, OKT4+, and OKT8+ T cells were similar to those of heterosexual controls. T cell function was assessed by measuring cytotoxic T cell responses to influenza virus and to allogeneic cells. Approximately one-third of the homosexual donors consistently exhibited weak cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses to influenza virus, whereas all of the heterosexual donors generated strong CTL responses to influenza. There was no correlation between the strength of CTL responsiveness to influenza virus and the strength of CTL responses to allogeneic cells. These results suggest that the influenza-specific CTL response may be a sensitive indicator of immunologic defects in asymptomatic homosexuals. If acquired immune deficiency syndrome results from an infectious agent, it remains to be seen if such immunosuppression predisposes to the infection, or if it reflects early consequences of infection. PMID- 6611355 TI - 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 suppresses proliferation and immunoglobulin production by normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. AB - Activated B and T lymphocytes from normal human subjects are known to have the specific high-affinity receptor for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2-D3). In an attempt to determine a functional role for the sterol in such cells, we studied the effect of 1,25-(OH)2-D3 on DNA synthesis and Ig production by normal human peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells activated in vitro by the polyclonal lymphocyte activators pokeweed mitogen and phytohemagglutinin, and the specific antigen dermatophyton O. A dose-dependent inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation was observed in cells incubated with 1,25-(OH)2-D3 in concentrations ranging from 10(-10) to 10(-7) M. Production of IgG and IgM, determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, was similarly inhibited by increasing concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2-D3. Half-maximal inhibition of DNA and Ig synthesis was found at 10(-10) to 10(-9) M 1,25-(OH)2-D3. This suppressive effect was specific for 1,25-(OH)2-D3; of the other vitamin D metabolites examined, only 10(-7) M 24R,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25-(OH)2-D3) had a similar inhibitory effect. 1,25-(OH)2-D3 was not cytotoxic and did not affect unactivated PBMs. These data demonstrate that 1,25-(OH)2-D3 is a potent inhibitor of human PBM Ig production in vitro and suggest that this action is mediated through the hormone's antiproliferative effect on Ig-producing B cells and/or helper T cells. PMID- 6611356 TI - Isolation of Gardnerella vaginalis from women attending gynaecological clinics and general practice surgeries. PMID- 6611357 TI - The monocular and binocular subfields of the rat's primary visual cortex: a quantitative morphological approach. AB - Primary visual cortex in the rat was studied by a variety of methods: transsynaptic transport of labelled amino acids, 2-deoxyglucose, and staining for perikarya, myelin, and acetylcholinesterase. The analysis was aided by a computer controlled television image analyzer. The results obtained with different methods agree with one another in describing the position and extent of the entire primary visual cortex as well as its monocular (medial) and binocular (lateral) subareas. PMID- 6611358 TI - Relationship of the vestibular hair cells to magnetic particles in the otolith of the guitarfish sacculus. AB - Magnetite particles were systematically localized within the otolithic mass as a conspicuous curved band in the most ventral region of the guitarfish sacculus. The magnetite band overlaid two separated segments of neuroepithelium in the macula, a long segment oriented parallel to the longitudinal body axis, and a short segment oriented in a transverse plane. The exogenous magnetite particles differed from the endogenous otoconia both in their capacity of orienting to magnetic fields, and their difference in mass due to the higher atomic weight of iron. In addition to the normal gravistatic function of the sacculus, two additional receptor functions are hypothesized based upon the differences between the endogenous and exogenous otoconia. A geomagnetic field could induce magnetite displacements detectable by the hair cells for purposes of geomagnetic orientation. Alternatively, the greater atomic weights of magnetite, relative to that of otoconia, could result in gravitational and linear acceleration, which differed in different regions of the macula. PMID- 6611359 TI - 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 administration increases incidence of parturient paresis. AB - Fifty percent (7/14) of aged cows treated with 4 mg 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 intramuscularly precalving developed parturient paresis shortly after calving compared with 7% (1/14) of controls. Injection of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 increased concentrations in blood plasma 15 times that in control cows. Blood plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations were elevated in all groups on day of calving but were not different. Injection of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 did not alter the typical plasma profile for calcium, phosphorus, or 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D of paretic or nonparetic cows around parturition. Although injection of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was associated with an increased incidence of parturient paresis, the mechanism remains unknown. PMID- 6611360 TI - A longitudinal study of changing attitudes to work among nursing trainees in two British general hospitals. AB - This paper presents some findings of a longitudinal study of nursing trainees in two British general hospitals concerning changes in attitudes to their work conditions, and compares the results with those of a cross-sectional study of the attitudes of trainees and qualified staff in the same two hospitals. Supporting the findings of previous research, the longitudinal study suggested that trainees become less attracted to work conditions during the course of training, and the cross-sectional study suggested that these changes would probably be reversed if and when trainees were taken on as qualified nurses. Since the widest gaps in attitudes between qualified staff and trainees reflected trainees' more unfavourable attitudes towards their influence over work tasks, opportunities to voice criticisms and to voice opinions, the findings are seen as evidence of a status gap between trainees' expected and achieved work autonomy. PMID- 6611361 TI - A new method for assessing the prevalence of dental fluorosis--the Tooth Surface Index of Fluorosis. AB - A new index for measuring the prevalence of dental fluorosis, the Tooth Surface Index of Fluorosis (TSIF), was used to assess the condition in the permanent teeth of 807 children, aged 8 to 16, who had resided all their lives in one of seven Illinois communities with an optimal concentration of fluoride in its water or with 2, 3, or 4 times the optimal concentration. Fluorosis was absent in 84.5% of all tooth surfaces examined in the community with optimal fluoride. In contract, only 31.9% of tooth surfaces had no fluorosis in the community with 4 times the optimal fluoride level. In the optimal fluoride area, 79% of facial surfaces of maxillary anterior teeth, which are esthetically conspicuous, had no fluorosis, whereas only 15.8% of these surfaces in the 4-times optimal area were unaffected. The percentages of all tooth surfaces affected by fluorosis characterized by staining, pitting, or both were 1%, 8%, 19%, and 38%, respectively, in communities with 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4- times optimal fluoride. Differences in fluorosis based on maximum score for all tooth surfaces in a child were statistically significant (an extended chi 2 statistic) among all communities. First molars and incisors in children 8 to 10 years old were affected by more fluorosis than were the same teeth in children 13 to 16 years old. These teeth had been erupted for about 5 years longer in the older age group. The difference might result from abrasion or remineralization of these teeth in the older children or from greater consumption of fluoride by the younger children during tooth development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6611362 TI - Antigens and allergens from the common house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Part II. Identification of the major IgE-binding antigens by crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis. AB - Crossed immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated 51 antigens in a water-soluble extract of the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Autoradiography demonstrated that 11 of the antigens bound IgE antibodies in the sera of house dust mite-allergic patients. IgE antibodies in 23 different sera reacted with from one to eight antigens. On the basis of Lowenstein's (1978) definition of a "major allergen," two of the antigens, numbers one and 36 would be described as "major allergens." Apart from antigen number 36 that has already been demonstrated to be an important allergen in patients allergic to D. pteronyssinus, the clinical importance of the other 10 IgE-binding antigens has yet to be assessed. Reasons against use of the term "major allergen" and its replacement with the title "clinically important allergen" are advanced. PMID- 6611363 TI - Conjunctivitis due to cultivation work observed among Indonesian peasants. PMID- 6611364 TI - Intrathymic lymphopoiesis: stromal cell-associated proliferation of T cells is independent of lymphocyte genotype. AB - We analyzed the genetic restriction of direct cell-cell interactions between thymocytes and a) cortical epithelial cells, b) macrophages, and c) medullary dendritic cells in the mouse thymus. Thymectomized (C3H X C57BL/Ka)F1 hybrid mice were doubly grafted with P1 and P2 neonatal thymus grafts, were lethally irradiated, and were reconstituted with a mixture of P1 and P2 bone marrow cells which differed in the Thy-1 locus. The contributions of both parental inocula to the composition of the free and stromal cell-associated T cell compartments were analyzed separately in thymic grafts of each parental strain. The lymphoid composition in both compartments essentially reflected the peripheral T cell chimerism in the host. The development of lymphostromal complexes was not restricted by the genotype of the partner cells. Statistical analysis of the distributions of P1 and P2 T cells among free thymocytes and within individual lymphostromal complexes, however, suggests that the T cells of an individual complex are the progeny of oligoclonal proliferation. Thus, both epithelial cells and bone marrow-derived stromal cells seem to be involved in different stages of intrathymic lymphopoiesis. PMID- 6611365 TI - Differentiation of thymocytes in fetal organ culture: analysis of phenotypic changes accompanying the appearance of cytolytic and interleukin 2-producing cells. AB - At the 14th day of gestation, embryonic thymocytes+ are large, functionally incompetent cells with H-2K+ Thy-1+ B14- Ly-2- L3T4- phenotype, some of which express TL antigen. Differentiation of these cells in organ culture is characterized by: 1) appearance of cells expressing Ly-2 and L3T4 molecules, first among the population of large cells, after 2 days of culture; 2) appearance of small H-2K- Thy-1+TL+B14+Ly-2+L3T4+ and H-2K-Thy-1+TL+B14-Ly-2+ L3T4+ cells between days 2 and 4; 3) accumulation of small H-2K- Thy-1+ TL+ B14- Ly-2+ L3T4+ (but not H-2K- Thy-1+ TL+ B14+ Ly-2+ L3T4+) cells until day 5 of culture, and their subsequent gradual disappearance which is paralleled by an increase of the proportion of medium-sized H-2K+ Thy-1+ TL- B14- cells with various Ly-2 L3T4 phenotypes; 4) appearance and subsequent accumulation of cytolytic and IL 2 producing cells between days 4 and 6. Comparison of these results with the data from similar in vivo studies shows that differentiation of organ-cultured thymocytes rather closely follows the in vivo development only during the first week of culture and shows significant deviations thereafter. Precursors of cytolytic cells and cytolytic effector cells as well as IL 2-producing cells are found among both Ly-2+ and Ly-2- populations of thymocytes, indicating that there is no clear association between Ly-2 phenotype and the ability to kill or to secrete IL 2. PMID- 6611366 TI - Antigen presentation by the BCL1 murine B cell line: in vitro stimulation by LPS. AB - We examined the antigen-presenting capacity of BCL1 tumor cells, which are capable of differentiating in vitro with respect to immunoglobulin synthesis/secretion under the influence of LPS. In vivo passaged BCL1 cells depleted of host cell contamination either by positive selection employing panning with anti-lambda reagents, or by elimination of latex-ingesting adherent cells, are capable of MHC-restricted antigen presentation to a GAT-immune T cell line. The BCL1 cells act as antigen-presenting cells when freshly explanted, but gradual loss of this function occurs, and cells cultured for 3.5 days cannot present antigen unless LPS is included during the culture period. BCL1 cells are equivalently Ia+ after the culture period with or without LPS stimulation. Other B cell lines capable of antigen presentation appear to express this trait constitutively, and the in vivo passaged BCL1 line is therefore unique among B cell lines in having antigen-presenting cell function that can be modulated. The data suggest that freshly explanted or LPS-cultured BCL1 cells are heterogeneous with respect to antigen-presenting capacity, and the basis for this heterogeneity is being sought. BCL1 offers an opportunity to study requirements for antigen presentation by B cells. PMID- 6611367 TI - Ontogeny of B lymphocyte function. XV. A role for thymus cells in the maturation of the capacity of a subpopulation of B cells to re-express surface immunoglobulin after treatment with anti-immunoglobulin. AB - The maturation of the C57BL/6 B cell population to be able to re-express surface immunoglobulin (sIg) after its removal by treatment with rabbit antimouse Ig (RAMIg) was studied in a cell transfer system. It was found that thymus cells were required for the maturation of a subset of the B cell population to be able to re-express sIg. The B cell population of irradiated, thymectomized mice reconstituted with spleen cells from donors under 2 wk of age remained deficient in their ability to re-express sIg even after 4 wk residence in the cell transfer recipient. In contrast, if adult thymus cells were transferred together with the immature B cells, the B cell population matured to be able to re-express sIg after treatment with RAMIg. Approximately one-third of the B cell population appears to require thymus cells for this maturation. The maturation of the thymus cell population to be capable of mediating this maturation of the B cell population occurs in two steps: between 2 and 3 and between 3 and 4 wk of age. This timing corresponds to the age at which the B cell population of C57BL/6 mice normally acquires the capacity to re-express sIg, which we have previously shown to also occur in two steps. Thymus cells from 3-wk-old donors can mediate the first step in B cell maturation to be able to re-express sIg, but cannot mediate the second step in this maturation of the B cell population. Thymus cells from 4 wk-old donors can mediate both steps in the maturation of the B cell population. The results suggest that thymus cells are involved in regulating some aspects of B cell differentiation. PMID- 6611368 TI - Regulation of antibody release by naturally occurring anti-immunoglobulins in cultures of pokeweed mitogen-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - Immunoregulatory influences of human anti-immunoglobulins (anti-Ig) were studied in cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 11 normal donors. Pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated PBL released anti-Ig specific for Fab or Fc fragments of IgG, often within the first 24 to 72 hr in vitro. PBL that released more than 1 ng/ml IgM anti-Fab during the first 72 hr in vitro ultimately produced significantly less antibody (Ab) by the 12th day than PBL that released no detectable IgM anti-Fab during the first 3 days in culture. Adding affinity purified human anti-Fab to PWM-stimulated PBL also suppressed the later Ab release by these cells. Suppression was polyclonal, affecting IgM anti-Fc, IgM anti-Fab, and IgM anti-tetanus toxoid Ab, and was directly dependent on the quantity of anti-Fab added. Anti-Fab Ab, isolated from single donor sera, were more suppressive, nanogram for nanogram, than were equal quantities of IgG anti Fab obtained from Cohn Fraction II, when added to autologous donor PBL in vitro. Affinity-purified IgM anti-Fc, from pooled rheumatoid arthritis patient sera, also suppressed Ab release by PWM-stimulated PBL in a dose-dependent manner. These observations suggest that anti-Ig may exert a significant immunoregulatory role in man that can override to some extent the T cell-dependent stimulus for polyclonal B cell activation provided by PWM. PMID- 6611369 TI - Mechanism of induction of mouse erythrocyte receptor switch in human B cells. AB - An early event in phorbol ester-induced maturation of chronic lymphocytic leukemic (CLL) B cells is a membrane change characterized by the inactivation of a mouse erythrocyte receptor (MER). This event, the MER-switch, is quantified by inhibition of rosette formation. By using [3H]phorbol dibutyrate ([3H]PDBu), both to stimulate MER-switch and assay binding of PDBu to CLL cells, it was shown that MER-switch was an irreversible, time-dependent event which occurred some time after maximal binding of [3H]PDBu to cells. Two classes of binding sites, one of high affinity (Kd 1 to 2 nM) at low frequency (1.5 to 5 X 10(4) sites per cell), and a lower affinity site (Kd 33 to 50 nM) of higher frequency (2 to 3.5 X 10(5) sites per cell), were detected. Binding of [3H]PDBu was inhibited by phorbol ester analogs that stimulated MER-switch, but not by inactive analogs. This, and the similarity in shapes of the binding and rosette inhibition curves over a range of concentrations, suggests that stimulation of MER-switch by phorbol esters is due to this specific binding. The phorbol ester receptor and MER are distinct because MER-ve T cells and MER-ve atypical B cells from a patient with CLL had both classes of PDBu receptor. Solubilized MER did not bind [3H]PDBu. Time-course studies, and the irreversibility of the switch, despite removal of most of the bound [3H]PDBu, indicate that inhibition of rosetting is not due to competitive or steric hindrance by phorbol esters. Equivalent activities of soluble MER were released from fresh and phorbol ester-treated CLL cells, indicating a rearrangement of MER, rather than a loss. A supernatant of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human spleen cells also induced MER-switch in CLL lymphocytes, suggesting that a lymphokine may be a natural inducer of this event. PMID- 6611370 TI - Expression of HLA-DR, MB, MT and SB antigens on human mononuclear cells: identification of two phenotypically distinct monocyte populations. AB - The expression of HLA-DR, SB, MB, and MT antigens in different populations of human mononuclear cells was investigated with the use of monoclonal antibodies that recognize distinct human Ia-like antigens. Our results indicate that in man, as previously reported in other species, two phenotypically distinct populations of monocytes or macrophages can be identified on the basis of expression of Class II MHC antigens. Virtually all circulating monocytes displayed determinants associated with HLA-DR, SB, and MT. In addition, a subpopulation of human monocytes expressed MB/DS-associated antigens, as detected with monoclonal antibodies specific for MB1, MB3, and DS-framework determinants. Most B lymphocytes expressed antigens associated with HLA-DR, and the specificities SB2, SB3, MB1, MB3, MT2, and MT3 were also present. Resting T lymphocytes were unreactive with antibodies that recognize all of the Class II MHC antigens tested. T lymphocytes activated by soluble antigen or alloantigens, and expanded in culture, expressed DR, SB, MB, and MT. The majority of the MB/DS+ cells present in the adherent population were monocytes, because they were phagocytic and had the monocyte-specific marker 63D3. The rest of the cells were not identified. They are likely to include mostly B lymphocytes. The presence of other cells, such as dendritic cells, in this subset needs to be determined. PMID- 6611371 TI - Cleavage of human interleukin 1: isolation of a peptide fragment from plasma of febrile humans and activated monocytes. AB - Interleukin 1 (IL 1) is a product(s) of mononuclear phagocytes, and has multiple biologic activities that mediate several host responses to infection and inflammation. Highly purified IL 1 activates lymphocytes, induces fever, increases hepatic acute phase protein synthesis, and increases muscle protein degradation. A 4.2 kd peptide has been purified from plasma of febrile humans which also induces muscle proteolysis in vitro (termed proteolysis-inducing factor, PIF). Because IL 1 purified from activated human monocytes induces muscle proteolysis in vitro, studies were performed to determine the relationship of human monocyte-derived IL 1 to plasma-derived PIF. Purified PIF was highly active in the IL 1 thymocyte assay. After gel filtration of plasma from febrile patients, fractions with PIF activity also induced thymocyte proliferation and fever in mice. Thus, it seems likely that the plasma peptide PIF has IL 1 properties and probably represents a small m.w. cleavage product of IL 1. Further studies confirmed this finding. Highly purified 15 kd IL 1, rechromatographed over different gel filtration media, consistently fragmented into a 4 kd peptide with both muscle proteolysis-inducing and lymphocyte-activating properties. The breakdown of the 15 kd IL 1 into biologically active smaller fragments increased with time, and could be accelerated by trypsinization. The monocyte-derived IL 1 fragments were partially destroyed by heat. Highly purified 125I-labeled 15 kd IL 1 also fragmented into subunits, and these radioactive subunits produced fever in mice and were active in the thymocyte assay. Fragmentation of 125I-labeled 15 kd IL 1 was reduced by agents that inhibit proteases. These results indicate that some of the biologic activities of human IL 1 are conserved in small m.w. fragments. These studies also provide evidence that IL 1 may circulate in humans as a 4.2 kd peptide, and that this cleavage product can function as an active mediator of IL 1 effects in the host. PMID- 6611372 TI - The effect of in vitro UV irradiation on the production of IL 1 by murine macrophages and P388D1 cells. AB - Ultraviolet irradiation (UV) exposure may lead to the development of multiple immunologic defects. One such defect is a dysfunction of normal antigen presenting cell (APC) activation of T lymphocytes after whole body or in vitro UV. Although the mechanism of this interaction is not clearly defined, several possibilities have been suggested. One proposal is that UV may inhibit or abrogate the APC IL 1 signal and thus prevent normal T cell activation. To investigate this possibility further, we examined the functional consequences of UV on murine peritoneal adherent cell (PAC) activation of a cloned antigen specific T cell hybridoma (A2.2.E10). In agreement with previous reports, we found a marked UV-induced inhibition of PAC activation of A2.2.E10 after sublethal UV. To correlate this UV-APC dysfunction with UV alterations of IL 1 production, both the IL 1-producing murine macrophage cell line P388D1 and normal murine PAC were exposed to various amounts of in vitro UV and the 24-hr post-UV IL 1 activity production of these cells was determined. The results surprisingly indicated that certain amounts of sublethal UV may actually augment the production of IL 1 activity, by using a dose range that clearly inhibits antigen presentation. This UV-induced activity was cycloheximide-sensitive, suggesting that de novo protein synthesis rather than release from cells was responsible for the increased IL 1 activity. In addition, the UV-induced IL 1 activity had a m.w. of 14K, consistent with previous reports, and demonstrated pyrogen activity when tested in the rabbit pyrogen assay. Thus UV clearly inhibits normal APC function; however, this may not be due to abrogation of IL 1 production, but rather the result of UV toxicity for other complex events involved in antigen presentation. PMID- 6611373 TI - Anti-idiotype antibodies to the 9.1C3 blocking antibody used to probe the lethal hit stage of NK cell-mediated cytolysis. AB - We previously described a monoclonal antibody, 9.1C3, which blocked natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytolysis by acting on effector cells during a late step in the lethal hit stage. The present work describes the production in rabbits of anti-idiotypic (anti-id) antibodies to the 9.1C3 antibody. In addition to reacting specifically with the 9.1C3 antibody, the anti-id antibodies bound strongly to the K562 target cell. The anti-id antibodies blocked killing of K562 targets by NK, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and NK-like cells but did not inhibit killing by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Pretreatment of cells and washing before assay indicated that blocking occurred at the target cell level. Of particular interest, single cell assays with Percoll-enriched large granular lymphocytes demonstrated that the antibodies caused no reduction in binding. These data are consistent with a model for NK cell-mediated lysis that involves a secondary target cell receptor independent of the primary NK-target cell interaction. The anti-id antibodies immunoprecipitated cell surface proteins of relative m.w. 79K and 62K unreduced, and 94K and 79K reduced from K562 target cells. The development of anti-id antibodies may be a useful procedure to explore the structure and function of cellular receptors involved in NK cell-mediated cytolysis. PMID- 6611374 TI - In vitro generation of human activated lymphocyte killer cells: separate precursors and modes of generation of NK-like cells and "anomalous" killer cells. AB - The activation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) in culture leads to the generation of nonspecific killer cells. These cells, termed activated lymphocyte killer (ALK) cells, can kill fresh tumor cells and tumor cell lines, in addition to the natural killer (NK) cell sensitive target K562. ALK cells have features in common with both T and NK cells, but their nature and origin are unknown. In the present study, it is shown that ALK cells are in fact heterogeneous and can be generated from both large granular lymphocytes with the same phenotype as NK cells and from T cells. Cell populations enriched for NK cells, when cultured with lymphokines, rapidly acquired a T cell phenotype, enhanced cytolytic activity against K562, and the ability to lyse NK-insensitive target cells such as a melanoma cell line LiBr; these ALK cells were described as NK-like cells. On the other hand, of the cloned cells derived from PBM stimulated with irradiated B lymphoblasts and grown in lymphokines, the major proportion of cytolytic T cells (CTC) able to kill the specific stimulator lymphoblasts were also found to kill LiBr but not K562 cells. These ALK cells, which were derived from the same precursors as CTC, were designated anomalous killer (AK) cells. Consistent with this, the presence of the pan T monoclonal antibody UCHT1 from the beginning of mixed cell cultures inhibited the generation of CTC and of the AK-type of ALK cell, which killed melanoma cells, but not the NK type, which killed K562 targets. By contrast, at the effector cell level, the antibodies UCHT1 and OKT8 only blocked specific killing by CTC but did not block the killing of LiBr or of K562 targets by ALK cells. However, at the effector cell level there was additional evidence for the heterogeneity of ALK cells. Thus, monoclonal antibody 9.1C3, which blocks killing by freshly isolated NK cells, also blocked the killing of K562 targets by NK-like cells, but did not block B lymphoblast killing by CTC or melanoma cell killing by AK cells. It is concluded that after mixed lymphocyte culture, the majority of ALK cells measured by the killing of melanoma target cells arise from the same precursors and are under the same influences as classical CTC (AK cells), whereas cells killing K562 targets are derived from NK cells (NK-like cells). Once generated, the AK cells have a different mechanism of killing from both classical CTC and from NK and NK-like cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6611375 TI - Macrophage support and suppression in rabbit T cell mitogenesis. AB - The role of macrophages in mitogen-induced rabbit T cell proliferation has been investigated. The blastogenic response to the 3 mitogens, PHA, ConA and oxidative treatment by neuraminidase and galactose oxidase (NaGo) was tested. T cell proliferation was reduced by removal of low density or plastic adherent cells, including macrophages, and could be enhanced by the addition of peritoneal resident macrophages, indicating a macrophage requirement for rabbit T cell proliferation. However, PHA-induced proliferation could not be raised to the level expected. It was found that catalase and especially 2-ME could considerably enhance macrophage dependent proliferation, even at low macrophage concentrations. It is concluded therefore, that macrophages not only support but also suppress lymphocyte proliferation, namely by non-specific damage to lymphocytes through release of radicals and hydrogen peroxide. In addition, peritoneal, but not lymph node macrophages were found to suppress lymphocyte proliferation by prostaglandin production, although to a lesser extent. Experiments, done in the presence of blockers of macrophage-mediated suppression, showed that macrophages were able to magnify the PHA-induced T cell proliferation to the expected values. The experiments thus show that unactivated macrophages support and suppress lymphocyte proliferation at the same time. PMID- 6611376 TI - Limiting dilution assays for the determination of immunocompetent cell frequencies. III. Validity tests for the single-hit Poisson model. AB - A statistical method was developed to test the validity of the single-hit Poisson model in limiting dilution assays used to determine immunocompetent cell frequencies. Principles of bioassay, validity tests, and the distinction between model-discrimination experiments and parameter-estimation assays are reviewed in the Introduction. The new test derived and then demonstrated with previously published data is intended to be used for parameter-estimation assays based upon the single-hit Poisson model. It is a family of related chi 2, t, and F tests for deviations from zero of the slopes of weighted least squares regression plots. These plots regress the logarithms of single-dose estimates fi of the frequency phi on the total cell doses lambda i and fi on the total cell dose reciprocals 1/lambda i, that is, Yi = ln fi on Xi = lambda i and Yi = fi on Xi = 1/lambda i. The test discriminates against alternative models with multiple-hit/target response-generation processes, a variable number (dose-dependent) of false negatives, and a constant number (dose-independent) of false positives. Its purpose as a test for parameter-estimation assays, though, is to detect deviations from the single-hit Poisson model and not to select one of these alternative models. Tests for model-discrimination experiments to select or 'prove' an unknown alternative model are considered in light of relevant literature reviewed in the Discussion. PMID- 6611377 TI - Thin layer gel filtration immunofixation: identification of abnormal molecular weight immunoglobulins or related fragments. AB - A simple procedure is described to identify immunoglobulin (Ig) fragments without isolation from biological fluids. It involves an initial separation based on molecular weight (MW) by thin layer gel filtration (TLG) followed by immunofixation (IF) in cellulose acetate strips with monovalent antisera. TLG-IF permits detection of differences about 10,000 Da MW and specific immunological typing, making it a useful tool in the accurate identification of protein fragments. PMID- 6611378 TI - Development of cellular immunity in cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania tropica. AB - A laboratory worker was inadvertently inoculated with infectious material while passaging amastigotes of Leishmania tropica. The subsequent development of a cutaneous lesion was correlated with results of sequential in vitro bioassays of cell-mediated immunity. Induction of lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin 2 production by soluble L. tropica antigens appeared within five weeks of infection and reached maximal levels coincident with ulceration of the skin lesion. Thereafter interleukin 2 production rapidly decreased, whereas the lymphocyte proliferative response declined more slowly. Biopsy of the lesion after 12 weeks, at a time when antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation was still significantly elevated but interleukin 2 activity had returned to near baseline values, demonstrated no organisms either histologically or by culture. Healing was complete after 20 weeks. These studies provide data on the kinetics of the development of cell-mediated immunity in human cutaneous leishmaniasis and suggest the usefulness of in vitro bioassays of specific immune reactivity to parasites for evaluating effective cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 6611379 TI - Laboratory diagnosis of pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - The diagnostic reliability of the Quellung reaction of sputum and the gram stain directed sputum culture (SC) for bacteriologic diagnosis of pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae was determined. Detection of pneumococcal polysaccharide in sputum by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) or isolation of pneumococci from blood or pleural fluid (BPF-positive) was considered indicative of definite pneumococcal infection. Specimens were obtained from 211 patients with community acquired bacterial pneumonia. Of 119 CIE-positive specimens, the Quellung reaction was positive for 117 and the SC was positive for 96. However, 35 CIE negative specimens were positive by QR, SC, or both, a result suggesting that CIE is a less sensitive indicator of pneumococcal infection than originally assumed. CIE, QR, and SC were positive in similar numbers of BPF-positive cases. All BPF positive and CIE-positive cases were detected by both QR and SC. Use of both the QR and directed SC offers a rapid, accurate bacteriologic diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. PMID- 6611380 TI - Comparison of the biological activity of two sources of colony-stimulating factor (CSF). AB - Two possible standard sources of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) have been available commercially; one is GCT-conditioned medium (GCT-CM) and the other is T3M-5A-CSF. To clarify their biological activity and determine whether they can provide a stimulus identical with leukocyte feeders, the number and the morphology of colonies stimulated by them were compared. A dose-response study and a mixing experiment between them suggested the presence of inhibitor(s) in GCT-CM but not in T3M-5A-CSF. Both types of CSF stimulated mainly granulocytic colonies at day 7. T3M-5A-CSF caused a dose-dependent increase in macrophagic colonies at day 14. The number of colonies stimulated by GCT-CM and T3M-5A-CSF did not differ from that of leukocyte feeders, but the morphology of colonies differed significantly. These results indicate that there is a qualitative difference in the effect of GCT-CM and T3M-5A-CSF on human bone marrow cells, and that they do not supply a stimulus identical with leukocyte feeders. Though GCT CM and T3M-5A-CSF are expected to serve as useful tools in the standard CFU-C assay, we should observe their characteristics and accumulate more information about their behavior on normal as well as on patient bone marrow cells. PMID- 6611381 TI - [Assessment of aorto-coronary bypass graft patency and graft flow by contrast enhanced computed tomography]. PMID- 6611382 TI - Informed consent statutes and the decisionmaking process. PMID- 6611383 TI - Innovative therapy. The responsibility of hospitals. PMID- 6611384 TI - Diabetes self-care. Potential liability of the treating physician. PMID- 6611385 TI - The treatment of acute bronchitis with trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. AB - Sixty-seven previously healthy patients with acute bronchitis were randomized and treated with either a fixed dose of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole or placebo for seven days. All outcomes examined showed a trend favoring the use of antibiotic, with statistically significant differences for cough, night cough, mean temperature, and use of antihistamines or decongestants. Night cough occurred on 84 percent of nights in the control group vs 56 percent in the antibiotic group (P = .003). Cough occurred on 99 percent of days for patients in the control group vs 93 percent of days for patients in the antibiotic group (P = .05). Mean temperature over the seven nights was 37.3 degrees C in the control group vs 36.9 degrees C in the antibiotic group (P = .004). The use of antihistamines and decongestants was reduced from 32 percent of days in the control group to 6 percent of days in the antibiotic group (P = .005). Patients in the antibiotic group worked 73 percent of days vs 55 percent of days for patients in the control group, which was significant when patients were stratified by the appearance of their sputum on Gram stain (P = .006). Smoking history was not found to help predict the response to antibiotic therapy. PMID- 6611386 TI - Depolarization-contraction coupling in short frog muscle fibers. A voltage clamp study. AB - Short muscle fibers (1.5 mm) were dissected from hindlimb muscles of frogs and voltage clamped with two microelectrodes to study phenomena related to depolarization-contraction coupling. Isometric myograms obtained in response to depolarizing pulses of durations between 10 and 500 ms and amplitudes up to 140 mV had the following properties. For suprathreshold pulses of fixed duration (in the range of 20-100 ms), the peak tension achieved, the time to peak tension, and contraction duration increased as the internal potential was made progressively more positive. Peak tension eventually saturates with increasing internal potentials. For pulse durations of greater than or equal to 50 ms, the rate of tension development becomes constant for increasing internal potentials when peak tensions become greater than one-third of the maximum tension possible. Both threshold and maximum steepness of the relation between internal potential and peak tension depend on pulse duration. The relation between the tension-time integral and the stimulus amplitude-duration product was examined. The utility of this relation for excitation-contraction studies is based on the observation that once a depolarizing pulse configuration has elicited maximum tension, further increases in either stimulus duration or amplitude only prolong the contractile response, while the major portion of the relaxation phase after the end of a pulse is exponential, with a time constant that is not significantly affected by either the amplitude or the duration of the pulse. Hence, the area under the tension-response curve provides a measure of the availability to troponin of the calcium released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in response to membrane depolarization. The results from this work complement those obtained in experiments in which intramembrane charge movements related to contractile activation were studied and those in which intracellular Ca++ transients were measured. PMID- 6611388 TI - Predictive value of perfusion defect size using N-isopropyl-(I-123)-p iodoamphetamine emission tomography in acute stroke. AB - Sixteen patients with acute cerebral infarction who were studied with N-isopropyl I-123-p-iodoamphetamine (IMP) brain scans were followed to determine if the extent of perfusion abnormality was predictive of the clinical course. Lesion size and diminished density on the scans appeared to correlate well with presenting symptoms, but were not predictive of outcome. When evaluated by IMP scanning in conjunction with computerized tomography, however, a group of patients could be identified in whom therapy may improve prognosis. PMID- 6611387 TI - The inability of oral leucovorin to elevate CSF 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate following high dose intravenous methotrexate therapy. AB - Osteosarcoma patients free of CNS metastases are at risk for acquiring leukoencephalopathy after receiving multiple courses of high dose intravenous methotrexate followed by oral leucovorin rescue (MTX-LV). A prospective study of the adequacy of CNS rescue of MTX biochemical toxicity by oral leucovorin was undertaken in newly diagnosed neurologically normal osteosarcoma patients. Prior to surgical resection of the primary tumor, ten patients received 4 weekly courses of MTX-LV. During the fourth weekly MTX-LV treatment, 0 and 72 hr serum and CSF determinations of MTX, 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) and LV were made. No CSF MTX was detectable at 0 hr in any patient, but a significant elevation in CSF MTX occurred in 9/9 patients at 72 hr (mean 47.2 +/- 31.8 ng/ml or 1.04 +/- 0.7 X 10(-7) M). There was no significant change in mean CSF 5-MTHF over 72 hr despite a rise in serum 5-MTHF. MTX exceeded 5-MTHF in 6/9 patients in CSF, whereas only 3/8 patients had higher MTX in the serum at 72 hr. No acute systemic or neurotoxicity was seen. The failure of oral leucovorin to consistently elevate CSF 5-MTHF levels at 72 hr in the context of significant levels of CSF MTX may result in intermittent CNS folate deficiency. The clinical and pathological syndrome of leukoencephalopathy may be related to this phenomenon and may evolve after repeated MTX-LV treatments. PMID- 6611389 TI - Enzymatic synthesis of [1-11C]pyruvic acid, L-[1-11C]lactic acid and L-[1 11C]alanine via DL-[1-11C]alanine. AB - L-[1-11C]Lactic acid was prepared enzymatically from [1-11C]pyruvic acid by way of DL-[1-11C]alanine, using remote, semiautomated procedures. The DL isomers of alanine were prepared by a modification of the Bucherer-Strecker reaction from no carrier-added (NCA) hydrogen [11C]cyanide. The enantiomer mixture was transformed to [1-11C]pyruvic acid by successive elution through columns of (a) immobilized D amino acid oxidase (D-AAO)/catalase and (b) immobilized L-alanine dehydrogenase (L-AID) or L-amino acid oxidase (L-AAO/catalase). [1-11C]-Pyruvic acid was subsequently converted to L-[1-11C]lactic acid by passage through a L-lactic dehydrogenase (L-LDH) column. L-[1-11C]Alanine and [1-11C]-pyruvic acid were separated chromatographically by way of a cation-exchange column (AG50W-X2, H+ form). Typically the synthesis time was 35-40 min after cyclotron production of hydrogen [11C]cyanide (400 mCi), with radiochemical yields of 25 mCi (25%) for L [1-11C]lactic acid, 35 mCi (29%) for [1-11C]pyruvic acid, and 20 mCi (20%) for L [1-11C]alanine. The use of immobilized enzymes eliminates the possibility of protein contamination and assures the production of sterile, pyrogen-free products, allowing for rapid and effective regio- and stereo-specific transformations. PMID- 6611390 TI - Improved SPECT quantification using compensation for scattered photons. AB - SPECT images are degraded by the inclusion of Compton-scattered photons within the pulse-height window. Phantom and patient studies with Tc-99m were used to evaluate a compensation method that consists of subtracting a fraction of the image reconstructed using events recorded within a secondary pulse-height window (92-125 keV) from that derived from the photopeak pulse-height window (127-153 keV). Images of line sources in air and in a water-filled phantom were stored. The compensated line spread functions (LSFs) were evaluated. In water, the absolute counting rates for the SPECT LSFs were within 10% of the rates measured in air. The phantom consisted of six solid acrylic spheres (diameters 10, 13, 16, 19, 25, 32 mm) placed within a cylindrical (22 cm diam) distribution of Tc-99m. For sphere diameters greater than 25 mm, the measured image contrasts were within 8% of the true uptake ratios. Our results have shown that high-quality, camera based SPECT systems can reconstruct artifact-free images by making additional use of projection data acquired in a pulse-height window other than that over the primary photopeak. This compensation method results in qualitative and quantitative improvements for the limited source geometries investigated. Further studies are required to optimize this heuristic approach for other source geometries. PMID- 6611391 TI - Wedge-shaped BGO scintillation crystal for positron emission tomography: concise communication. AB - In order to increase the detection efficiency and also reduce the interdetector spillage, a new wedge-shaped BGO scintillation detector array is proposed. By shaping the front part of a detector as a wedge, the absorption path becomes longer, particularly for obliquely incident photons, thereby improving the uniformity in the sensitivity for the incident photons of different angles. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed detector shape, a Monte Carlo simulation was performed and the results are presented. PMID- 6611392 TI - Quantification of segmental wall motion by length-based Fourier analysis. AB - A new method for evaluating segmental wall motion by length-based Fourier analysis is described. Fourier analysis is performed on a series of lengths from a center to edges of the ventricle, generating parameters of percent length shortening (%LS) and phase of the segment (length-based phase). The reproducibility of the result was good, since the algorithm was automatic except for the setting of the ventricular region as a mask image to exclude surrounding blood pools. This program can be applied for quantification of ventricular wall motion abnormalities in gated blood-pool studies, and for analysis of the timing of ventricular contraction in gated blood-pool emission computed tomography to detect the site of an accessory conduction pathway in patients with Wolff Parkinson-White syndrome. PMID- 6611393 TI - Selection bias in studies of spontaneous abortion among occupational groups. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether in a cross-sectional study the miscarriage rate among female employees might be overestimated if the study population included only those women who were employed at the time of the investigation. Data were derived from the experience of 556 female laboratory workers at the University of Gothenburg (UG) who had ever been pregnant. Seventy five percent of the women who had been delivered of a child while working continued to work during the next pregnancy, while 91% of those who had had a miscarriage continued to work during the next pregnancy (P = .002). Women who terminated their employment at UG before 1979 had a lower miscarriage rate (5.9%) than those who were still working at that time (11.4%). The miscarriage rate was lowest among those who had stopped working in connection with a successful pregnancy (4.4%). It is concluded that selection bias dependent on the outcome of previous pregnancies may influence the frequency of miscarriages observed in cross-sectional studies. PMID- 6611394 TI - [A case of malignant lymphoma with Mikulicz's syndrome]. PMID- 6611395 TI - Long-term prognosis in biliary atresia after hepatic portoenterostomy: analysis of 35 patients who survived beyond 5 years of age. AB - The long-term prognosis in 35 patients with biliary atresia, who had undergone successful hepatic portoenterostomy and survived beyond 5 years of age, was studied. Eighteen (51%) patients developed ascending cholangitis after surgery. Jaundice recurred or increased in half of the patients, mainly as a result of ascending cholangitis. Another serious problem was the development of portal hypertension. Esophageal varices developed in 16 (46%) patients, with rupture and massive hemorrhage in seven. Leukopenia resulting from hypersplenism was common. Eighteen patients had WBC counts less than 5000/microliter. Thrombocytopenia was less common than leukopenia. Height was slightly below normal, although weight was within the normal range. Three patients died of hepatic failure; all had previously had ascending cholangitis. These observations indicate that ascending cholangitis is critical in the long-term and short-term prognoses in patients who have undergone successful repair of biliary atresia. PMID- 6611396 TI - Autoimmune thyroiditis and HLA-DR5 in multiple family members. PMID- 6611397 TI - Kinetics of 11C-labeled opiates in the brain of rhesus monkeys. AB - The regional uptake in the brain of Rhesus monkeys of i.v. administered 11C labeled morphine, codeine, heroin and pethidine was studied by means of positron emission tomography. The technique measures the sum of parent drug and radiolabeled metabolites. (For the sake of simplicity the drug derived radioactivity is denoted by the drug name.) Morphine had a limited uptake to discrete areas of the brain. The maximum normalized uptake, with respect to dose per kilogram body weight, was about 0.2, i.e., 20% of the calculated activity if the drug had been evenly distributed throughout the body of the monkey. Maximum radioactivity appeared 30 to 45 min after injection. Morphine left the brain slowly with an estimated half-life of more than 2 hr. An area with a normalized uptake of about 1.0 was detected centrally in the lowest horizontal transsection of the skull. The origin of this area was identified as the pituitary. Codeine, heroin and pethidine were taken up to the brain to a larger extent than morphine, with maximum normalized uptakes of 2.6, 4.6 and 6.3, respectively. Maximum radioactivities of these drugs were achieved earlier and the elimination rates were faster than for morphine. Differences in the uptake of these drugs to the brain, as well as differences in time to maximal normalized uptake and rate of disappearance are considered to reflect differences in the lipophilic character between the drugs. Pethidine had the most rapid and extensive uptake followed by heroin, codeine and morphine in order of decreasing lipophilicity. PMID- 6611399 TI - A study of the submaxillaris muscle of the frog. AB - The characteristics of muscle fibres in the submaxillaris muscle of the frog were studied using electrophysiological and anatomical techniques. The muscle fibres were capable of eliciting action potentials and their passive membrane properties were similar to those of fast muscle fibres. Composite end-plate potentials, due to polyneuronal innervation, were observed in most muscle fibres. Acetylcholinesterase staining of the whole muscle revealed multiple end-plate areas, and several end-plates of different size and shape were observed in single teased fibres. It is concluded that the submaxillaris muscle of the frog is composed of a distinctive population of muscle fibres (intermediate muscle fibres) with electrical properties like those of fast muscle fibres and multiple innervation like that of slow muscle fibres. PMID- 6611398 TI - The effects of valinomycin on ion movements across the sarcoplasmic reticulum in frog muscle. AB - The effects of valinomycin on the elemental composition and the fractional volume of the terminal cisternae (t.c.) of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (s.r.) were determined in rapidly frozen frog semitendinosus muscles. The concentrations of valinomycin used for the electron probe studies (5 microM) had no effect on tetanus tension or t.c. volume (2.% of fibre volume). Mitochondria were markedly swollen and their K content was significantly increased in both the resting and the tetanized valinomycin-treated muscles. Valinomycin had no effect on the concentration of Na, Mg, P, Cl, K and Ca in the t.c. of resting muscles. In untreated, tetanized muscles, Ca2+ release was accompanied by the uptake of K and Mg into the t.c. in an amount that was significantly less than the positive charge removed through Ca2+ release, confirming previous observations showing an apparent charge deficit (Somlyo, Gonzalez-Serratos, Shuman, McClellan & Somlyo, 1981). Valinomycin abolished the apparent charge deficit: in tetanized, valinomycin-treated muscles, the uptake of K into the t.c. was significantly (P less than 0.001) greater than in the untreated muscles and Mg uptake also remained highly significant. It is suggested that Ca2+ release from activated muscle is an electrogenic process and that the K+ conductance of the s.r. in untreated frog muscles is insufficient to allow charge neutralization of the Ca2+ current during release. The increase in K+ permeability caused by valinomycin permits the greater counter movement of K+ under the combined influence of the electrical potential generated by outward Ca2+ movement and the acidic cation binding proteins in the lumen of the s.r. The results are consistent with the proposal (Somlyo et al. 1981) that in normal frog muscles not treated with valinomycin, the apparent positive charge deficit observed after a tetanus reflects the movement of protons and, possibly, organic cations. PMID- 6611400 TI - Water flow across the walls of single muscle capillaries in the frog, Rana pipiens. AB - Individual capillaries of the transilluminated frog muscle cutaneous pectoris were perfused with suspensions of human red cells in frog Ringer solution containing 1 g/dl bovine serum albumin. The modified Landis technique (Michel, Mason, Curry & Tooke, 1974) was used to measure hydraulic conductivities of the capillary wall. Sucrose osmotic reflexion coefficients of the capillary wall were measured in four capillaries when the superfusate contained 100 mM-sucrose. All experiments were made at 22-24 degrees C. The hydraulic conductivity of arterial capillaries varied from 0.3 to 1.26 X 10(-7) cm/(s cmH2O) with a mean of 0.79 X 10(-7) cm/(s cmH2O) (six capillaries). The hydraulic conductivities of mid capillaries varied from 0.43 to 1.86 X 10(-7) cm/(s cmH2O) with a mean value of 0.72 X 10(-7) cm/(s cmH2O) (six capillaries). The mean reflexion coefficient to sucrose was 0.12 +/- 0.05 (S.D.). The measured reflexion coefficients to sucrose conform to the hypothesis that 90% of the transcapillary water flow crosses the capillary wall via the principal hydrophilic pathway. The remaining 10% crosses via an exclusive water pathway. The distribution of water flow is similar to that previously described in frog mesenteric capillaries. The mean value of the hydraulic conductivity of frog muscle capillaries is about one-seventh the mean value of the hydraulic conductivity of frog mesenteric capillaries measured at the same temperature. The result conforms to the hypothesis that only a small fraction (mean 10%) of the area of junctional contact between adjacent endothelial cells is available for water and solute exchange in frog muscle capillaries. The hydraulic and diffusional conductances per unit length of open junction appear to be very similar when muscle capillaries are compared to mesenteric capillaries in the frog. Our results lead us to speculate that structures within the intercellular junctions determine the extent of open junction and may modulate the hydraulic conductivity of both the principal water pathway and the exclusive water pathway. PMID- 6611401 TI - Regulation of bicarbonate transport across the brush border membrane of the bull frog choroid plexus. AB - Our previous study of the choroid plexus showed that elevation of cellular cyclic AMP stimulated HCO3 secretion into the cerebrospinal fluid (c.s.f.). To explore the mechanism of this stimulation, we have used micro-electrodes to observe the effect of phosphodiesterase inhibitors on membrane potentials, resistances and electromotive forces (e.m.f.) in the bull-frog plexus. The potential profile under control conditions was -45 mV across the apical membrane (Vvc) and -9 mV across the epithelium (Vvs) with respect to the c.s.f. Two-dimensional cable analysis indicated that 70% of adjacent epithelial cells were electrically uncoupled, and that the coupling coefficient for the remaining cells was only 0.12. The results of circuit analysis gave values for membrane resistance and e.m.f. across the apical membrane of 200 omega cm2 and -135 mV, across the basolateral membrane of 386 omega cm2 and -138 mV, and across the paracellular shunt of 20 omega cm2 (the shunt e.m.f. was assumed to be negligible). Addition of phosphodiesterase inhibitors (10 mM-theophylline or 1 mM-3-isobutyl-1 methylxanthine (IBMX) ) depolarized Vvc by 18 mV and Vvs by 2 mV. Circuit analysis showed that the inhibitor reduced the apical membrane resistance by more than 60% and depolarized the apical e.m.f. by 70 mV without affecting the basolateral membrane or the shunt parameters. In Cl-free solutions IBMX depolarized Vvc and decreased the apical membrane resistance similar to that observed in regular buffer solution. However, in HCO3-free buffer solutions, the effects of IBMX on Vvc and membrane resistances were insignificant. In thirty five cells in sixteen tissues a linear relationship was observed between the magnitude of the spontaneous membrane potential (Vvc) and the magnitude of IBMX induced depolarization (delta VIBMXvc): delta VIBMXvc = -0.8 Vvc -15 (in mV). This suggests that HCO3 is accumulated within the epithelium above electrochemical equilibrium. We conclude that cyclic AMP increases HCO3 secretion across the choroid plexus by increasing the apical membrane HCO3 conductance. PMID- 6611402 TI - Light and electron microscopic identification of nerve terminal sprouting and retraction in normal adult frog muscle. AB - A combined light and electron microscopic study was performed on neuromuscular junctions of normal adult frogs. In a previous investigation signs of new synapse formation, as well as abandoned former synaptic sites, have been observed in normal muscles (Wernig, Pecot-Dechavassine & Stover, 1980a, b). Here we performed a detailed light and electron microscopic correlation to investigate those parts of junctions which, after staining for cholinesterase (ChE) and presynaptic axon terminals, were suspected either to be newly formed or sites abandoned by the presynaptic nerve and the Schwann cell. Thin presynaptic nerve branches, enclosed by Schwann cell sheaths along most of their length, formed synaptic contacts with the muscle fibre only at small circumscribed areas. In these regions post synaptic secondary folds (invariably present at mature synapses) were either missing or were less well developed. At these small contacts, binding sites for fluorescein-labelled alpha-bungarotoxin were usually present. At other sites the ChE reaction product was present but an axon could not be detected in silver stained preparations. Electron microscopic observation revealed post-synaptic secondary folds filled with ChE reaction product while the presynaptic axon and Schwann cell were missing. The sites with ChE remnants can thus be regarded as abandoned former synaptic contacts. No binding of fluorescein-labelled alpha bungarotoxin could be detected at such sites. These findings confirm earlier suggestions that synaptic contacts in frog muscle are normally undergoing continual remodelling. The lack of binding sites for fluorescein-labelled alpha bungarotoxin at abandoned synaptic sites suggests that a neural or Schwann cell factor is important for the maintainance of synaptic acetylcholine receptors. PMID- 6611403 TI - Different quantal responses within single frog neuromuscular junctions. AB - At frog neuromuscular junctions spontaneous miniature end-plate potentials (m.e.p.p.s) were recorded from several isolated spots within single synapses. This was done by consecutively placing an extracellular glass micro-electrode (focal electrode) at different recording sites, while the intracellular electrode remained in one place. After each set of recordings, muscles were stained to reveal both axon terminals and cholinesterase (ChE) such that the exact position of each recording site could be determined. In many nerve terminal branches a similar quantum size was found at several different spots. In other instances, however, mean quantum amplitudes varied by 10-60% at different spots along the same terminal branches. As a control, individual spots were recorded from repeatedly after repositioning the focal electrode. In these recordings mean m.e.p.p. amplitude varied by only 5-10%. It is concluded that quantum size within a single junction is similar at many spots, but deviates markedly at others. Correlation of this variation with the stained preparations suggested that spots where quanta significantly larger or smaller than normal were recorded were either at ChE rings or at the distal ends of nerve branches, respectively; at different nerve terminal branches within the same junction, quantum amplitudes were similar in many cases but deviated in others. The results are consistent with ultrastructural evidence that frog neuromuscular junctions are non homogeneous structures which undergo continual remodelling. PMID- 6611404 TI - Control of sarcomere length in skinned muscle fibres of Rana temporaria during mechanical transients. AB - A new technique is described for high-speed measurement of striation spacing of single skinned muscle fibres. A galvanometer mirror directs helium-neon laser light on to the muscle fibre at a variable angle. Light diffracted by the cross striations is collected by a position-sensitive photodetector. The incident angle necessary to centre the diffracted light beam on to the photodetector is related to sarcomere length. The instrument was tested by comparison with measurements obtained with a compound microscope. Discrepancies of several nanometers per half sarcomere were observed between these two methods. When the incident angle of the laser beam was varied sinusoidally about its mean position the magnitude of the discrepancy was reduced. During steady passive shortening of the muscle fibres the output of the diffraction instrument often displayed pauses and brief periods of rapid shortening. These irregularities were eliminated by averaging the sarcomere length output over a range of illumination angles by oscillating the incident angle of the laser beam. The results suggest that at the spatial resolution of several nanometers per half sarcomere, volume diffraction effects can cause the apparent sarcomere length measured from the angle of coherent light diffraction to differ from the mean striation spacing. With incident-angle oscillation the time and spatial resolution of the equipment were satisfactory for the sarcomere length signal to be fed back to a length controller for a 'sarcomere length clamp'. In active contractions, stiffness was closely related to steady developed tension at sub-saturating calcium concentrations. Skinned fibres are less stiff than intact fibres at a given level of developed tension. PMID- 6611406 TI - Isolated perfused rabbit coronary artery and aortic strip preparations: the role of endothelium-derived relaxant factor. AB - Isolated perfused coronary arteries and aortic ring preparations of rabbits were studied, both with intact endothelium and with endothelium removed by K-rich solution and friction respectively. Constrictor dose-responses to histamine, acetylcholine, phenylephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were measured. They were greatly depressed by the presence of endothelium in coronary preparations. In aortic preparations endothelium affected dose-responses relatively little, depressing the response to acetylcholine but apparently increasing the responses to the other three agents. Acetylcholine relaxed pre-constricted coronary or aortic preparations but only when endothelium was present. This relaxation was inhibited by quinacrine or hydroquinone. Aortic preparations had resting tone which could be increased by hydroquinone if endothelium was present, suggesting continual release of endothelium-derived relaxant factor (EDRF) at rest. When allowance was made for basal EDRF activity in aortic preparations, the maximal constrictor response to acetylcholine remained lower in the presence of endothelium, consistent with acetylcholine stimulation of EDRF, but maximal constrictor responses to the other three agents were the same with and without endothelium, suggesting that the direct constrictor response overrides EDRF activity. PMID- 6611405 TI - The dependence of force and shortening velocity on substrate concentration in skinned muscle fibres from Rana temporaria. AB - The force-velocity relation was determined in fully activated skinned fibres from frog muscle at concentrations of the substrate, magnesium adenosine triphosphate (MgATP), ranging from 10 microM to 10 mM. The ionic strength of the solutions was 200 mM, temperature 0-5 degrees C, pH 7.1. The activation procedure of Moisescu (1976) was used to raise the calcium concentration rapidly in the interior of the fibres. A re-phosphorylating system (creatine kinase and creatine phosphate) was used to maintain the MgATP concentration in the fibres. Isotonic releases were performed using a fast servo-controlled motor and tension transducer. Releases to a pre-determined tension level relative to the isometric tension were made using a novel normalizing circuit. In some of the experiments changes of sarcomere length were recorded using the diffraction device described in the preceding paper (Goldman & Simmons, 1984). There was satisfactory agreement between velocities determined from the total length change and the sarcomere length change. The isometric tension showed a biphasic dependence on MgATP concentration. Tension increased with MgATP concentration from 1 microM to reach a peak at about 30-100 microM and decreased by about 20% from the value at the peak with further increase in the MgATP concentration to 5 mM (about the physiological concentration). At 5 mM-MgATP, the isometric tension was approximately the same as in intact fibres, if allowance is made for the increase in cross-sectional area that occurs when the surface membrane is removed. The maximum velocity of shortening, Vmax, was obtained by fitting the force-velocity relation using Hill's (1938) equation. Vmax showed a roughly hyperbolic dependence on MgATP concentration, with a Km of 0.47 mM. At 5 mM-MgATP, the value of Vmax was 2.16 muscle lengths per second, which is similar to that of intact fibres. a/P0, the parameter of Hill's (1938) equation that is related to the curvature of the force-velocity relation, showed a slight decrease with increasing MgATP concentration. Its value at 5 mM-MgATP of 0.16 is somewhat lower than found for intact fibres. The results are discussed in terms of a simple model based on the biochemical cycle of hydrolysis of ATP by actomyosin in solution. The decrease of tension from about 30 microM to higher concentrations of MgATP can be related to the dissociating effect of MgATP on actomyosin. The increase of isometric tension from 1 to 30 microM-MgATP is discussed in terms of two types of rigor attachment of cross-bridges which support different amounts of tension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6611407 TI - Redistribution of sarcomere length during isometric contraction of frog muscle fibres and its relation to tension creep. AB - Changes in length of successive 0.5-0.8 mm segments along single muscle fibres of Rana temporaria were recorded during 3 s isometric (fixed fibre ends) tetani at 2.15 and 2.60 micron sarcomere length. The measurements were performed by means of a photo-electric detector system which recorded the distance between opaque markers (ca. 60 microns in width) that were attached to the upper surface of the fibre. The segment length change had an initial rapid phase (1) which coincided with the steep rise of force and a subsequent slow phase (2) which coincided with the upper, rounded portion of the force myogram and the 'plateau' of the tetanus. At 2.15 micron sarcomere length the majority of the central segments (comprising approximately 90% of the fibre) shortened to various degrees during phase 1. A considerable redistribution of length occurred during phase 2 in that some segments shortened at the expense of others which were forcibly stretched. The central region, taken as a whole, shortened by 0.1-0.5% during phase 2. The end segments were consistently found to elongate during phase 1. However, they were able to hold the tension, without further elongation, during phase 2. The pattern of length changes within the central region of the fibre observed at 2.15 micron sarcomere spacing remained largely the same after increasing the sarcomere length to 2.60 micron. However, in contrast to the situation at 2.15 micron sarcomere length there was an over-all (0.4-1.5%) elongation of the central region of the fibre during phase 2 at the great fibre length. This elongation of the central region was associated with marked shortening of the end segments. The sarcomere length of the end segments (s.1.e) was compared to that of the central region of the fibre (s.l.c) at various fibre rest lengths. There was no significant difference between s.l.e and s.l.c when the fibre was just taut, i.e. at approximately 2.1 micron sarcomere length. The following relationship between s.l.e and s.l.c was found to apply for values of s.l.c ranging between 2.2 and 2.7 micron: s.l.e = 0.636 s.l.c + 0.744 (correlation coefficient, 0.93). The possibility was explored that redistribution of sarcomere length along the fibre causes the slow climb of force ('tension creep') that occurs during a tetanus at great (greater than 2.2 micron) sarcomere lengths. Tension creep could be reproduced, after peak force had been attained, during an isometric tetanus by releasing the fibre to shorten within the range 2.6-2.3 micron sarcomere length.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6611408 TI - Contribution of cerebellar intracortical inhibition to Purkinje cell response during vestibulo-ocular reflex of alert rabbits. AB - Ionophoretic application of bicuculline, an antagonist of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), was used to examine the contribution of intracortical inhibition to vestibular responses of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar flocculus of alert rabbits. Purkinje cells were sampled extracellularly (with triple-barrelled micropipettes) from the floccular area where electrical stimulation through the micro-electrode evoked abduction of the ipsilateral eye, indicating its close functional relationship to the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex. These cells exhibited frequency modulation of simple spike discharges in-phase or out-phase with sinusoidal head rotation (0.5 cycles/s, 5 degrees peak-to-peak) in the horizontal plane. Bicuculline was ejected ionophoretically through one barrel with a 20-60 nA current. The pharmacological effectiveness of the ejected bicuculline was confirmed for each Purkinje cell by its blocking action upon the depressant action of GABA applied ionophoretically through another barrel. Bicuculline usually shifted the simple spike modulation in the in-phase direction: it reduced the amplitude of out-phase modulation in three cells, converted out-phase modulation to the in-phase type in four cells, and increased in-phase modulation in five cells. In three other cells, however, bicuculline shifted the modulation in the out-phase direction. Because bicuculline application usually increased the resting discharge level of a Purkinje cell, ionophoretic application of DL-homocysteate was used in ten Purkinje cells to control for the effect of a generalized increase in excitability. In contrast to bicuculline, DL-homocysteate generally induced a slight increase of the simple spike modulation regardless of the phase relationship. Since frequency modulation of the simple spike discharges of flocculus Purkinje cells is presumed to contribute to the control of vestibulo-ocular reflexes, these results point to an important functional role of intracortical post-synaptic inhibition in the cerebellar cortex. PMID- 6611409 TI - Slow excitatory post-synaptic currents in bull-frog sympathetic neurones. AB - Electrogenesis of the slow excitatory post-synaptic current (slow e.p.s.c.) was analysed with voltage-clamp methods in curarized sympathetic ganglion cells of bull-frogs. Three types of slow e.p.s.c. were observed from B neurones of sympathetic ganglia. The type I slow e.p.s.c. was associated with a decrease in membrane conductance, was depressed by membrane hyperpolarization and nullified at -60 to -70 mV. It was observed in 65% of the sympathetic neurones studied. The type II slow e.p.s.c. was associated with an increase in membrane conductance, was depressed by membrane depolarization and nullified at around +5 mV. It was observed in 14% of the neurones studied. A third type of slow e.p.s.c. was recorded from 21% of the sympathetic neurones in this study. This slow e.p.s.c. was a mixed type having characteristics of both type I and type II slow e.p.s.c.s. Activation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors by application of acetylcholine (ACh) also produced two types of inward currents. The nature of each type of muscarinic slow ACh current was similar to that of each type of slow e.p.s.c. The time course of the falling phase of type I and type II slow e.p.s.c.s was dependent on the membrane potential. The type I slow e.p.s.c. was primarily dependent on extracellular K+ and appeared to be produced by a suppression of the M-current (Brown & Adams, 1980). The type II slow e.p.s.c. was due to an increased conductance, probably to Na+, and other cations. PMID- 6611410 TI - Potassium current in clonal cytotoxic T lymphocytes from the mouse. AB - The electrical properties of the cell membrane of clonal cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the mouse were studied by using the whole cell variation of the patch electrode voltage-clamp technique. Outward currents were activated with an exponential time course of several milliseconds time constant when the membrane potential was made more positive than -50 to -40 mV. This current is not activated as a result of Ca2+ entry. The estimated reversal potential of the current indicates that the current is predominantly carried by K+. The activation kinetics depend only on membrane potential, not on [K+]0. The amplitude of the current decreases exponentially with time constants of several hundred milliseconds during a maintained voltage pulse, due mainly to a decrease in conductance. Recovery from inactivation roughly followed a single exponential time course with a time constant of tens of seconds; this time constant depended upon not only the membrane potential but also the amount of initial inactivation. The current is suppressed by quinidine and tetraethylammonium, their half suppression concentrations being 23 microM and 14 mM respectively. An increase of the outward current is suggested to be associated with the lethal hit of the cytotoxic reaction. PMID- 6611411 TI - Nerve growth and ectopic synapse formation induced by muscle damage in the frog. AB - The effect of muscle damage on nerve growth and ectopic synapse formation in the frog was investigated by bisecting the cutaneus pectoris (c.p.) muscle following implantation of the hypoglossal nerve. Axons from the stump of the implanted nerve grew considerable distances towards the ends of the cut muscle fibres where they formed synapses. In some preparations, c.p. was only partially cut and in these muscles axonal growth from the implanted nerve occurred across intact fibres to reach the cut ends in the damaged area, suggesting the local release of a growth-stimulating factor. Stimulation of the hypoglossal nerve elicited contraction of the end-plate-free half of c.p. The characteristics of these ectopic synapses were similar to those found in a previous study when the hypoglossal nerve innervated the original end-plates after denervation of c.p. The mean quantal content of the end-plate potentials (e.p.p.s) was abnormally low, with long latencies between nerve stimulation and the onset of the e.p.p.s and frequent occurrence of multiphasic e.p.p.s in response to single nerve stimulation. PMID- 6611412 TI - The kinetics of magnesium adenosine triphosphate cleavage in skinned muscle fibres of the rabbit. AB - The time course of magnesium adenosine triphosphate (Mg ATP) cleavage in chemically skinned muscle fibres of the rabbit was measured by a method in which Mg ATP cleavage was initiated by photolytic release of ATP from P3-1-(2 nitro)phenylethyladenosine 5'-triphosphate (caged ATP) and terminated by rapid freezing 50 ms to 8 s later. Up to 5 mM-ATP was released following a single 50 ns laser pulse at 347 nm. Mg ATP cleavage was measured at 19 degrees C in the presence and absence of calcium ions, for fibres near rest length and stretched beyond overlap of the myofilaments. At full overlap and in the absence of calcium (less than 10(-8) M) and nucleotide, the fibres developed rigor tension. Following the laser pulse the tension decreased to that of a relaxed fibre in two distinct phases. The first phase lasted about 40 ms and was followed by a second phase during which tension decreased to zero with an approximately exponential time course with a rate constant of 11 s-1. In the presence of 2 X 10(-5) M-free calcium ions, the initial phase following the laser flash lasted approximately 13 ms, and was followed by an exponential rise of tension with a rate constant of 28 s-1. The active tension reached by the muscle fibres was 54 kN/m2. For fibres stretched beyond overlap, no change in tension was observed following the release of Mg ATP. Under all conditions the time course of Mg ATP cleavage was biphasic, and consisted of a rapid initial burst of ADP formation, complete within 50 ms, followed by a slower steady-state rate of Mg ATP cleavage. The number of molecules of Mg ATP cleaved during the burst was approximately equal to the number of myosin subfragment 1 heads for fibres at full myofilament overlap, and equal to 0.7 molecules per myosin subfragment 1 head for fibres stretched beyond overlap. At full overlap in the presence of calcium ions, the steady-state rate equalled 1.8 mol Mg ATP cleaved per mole myosin subfragment 1 head per second. In all other cases the steady-state rate of Mg ATP cleavage was at least 10-fold less. When fibres at full overlap were pre-incubated with 2 mM-ADP, the initial phase of the tension response was somewhat prolonged, but the burst of ADP formation was also complete within 50 ms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6611413 TI - Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage in Oxford. A prospective study. PMID- 6611414 TI - Gastrointestinal bleeding. A pitfall in the construction of a Roux loop. PMID- 6611415 TI - Histiocytosis X of the scalp and face. PMID- 6611416 TI - Radiohalogen-labeled imaging agents. 3. Compounds for measurement of brain blood flow by emission tomography. AB - The radioiodine-labeled amines currently available as brain-imaging agents, based on our previous work and that of others, are prepared either by exchange labeling or by direct iodination of a protected intermediate. The intrinsic slowness of these processes limits their potential for use with the positron-emitting 122I, as it has a half-life of only 3.6 min. This isotope has advantages of a low dose to the patient and availability from a generator containing the parent 20-h 122Xe. To develop a radiopharmaceutical in which 122I could be utilized, we prepared a number of secondary and tertiary amines (maintaining the 2,5-dimethoxy substitution pattern which allows direct iodination at the 4-position) with 131I. The organ distributions of these compounds were studied, and the best properties were found in the N,N-dimethyl homologue (2,5-dimethoxy-N,N-dimethyl-4 iodoamphetamine). This compound was successfully synthesized in a matter of seconds, with a chemical yield and radioactive purity both in excess of 90% and an incorporation efficiency of radioiodine of about 40%. PMID- 6611417 TI - Selectively increased adenosine deaminase levels in T cells during typhoid fever. AB - ADA and PNP levels were measured in T-enriched and T-depleted subpopulations of peripheral mononuclear cells from patients with typhoid fever. ADA activity was significantly increased in T-enriched, but normal in T-depleted preparations of typhoid patients. Elevated levels of ADA in T cells were observed from the initial phase up to 30 days from the onset of the disease. Unlike ADA changes, PNP modifications were transitory, and affected both T-enriched and T-depleted subpopulations. The usefulness of ADA determination in T cells to detect and follow up T-cell activation during typhoid fever is suggested. PMID- 6611418 TI - The tissue distribution of thyroglobulin-responsive B and T cells in experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT). AB - The tissue distribution of thyroglobulin antibody producing lymphocytes has been studied during the course of immunisation-induced experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in the rat. The iliac lymph nodes were initially the most important source of autoantibody but later in the disease the bone marrow and thyroid draining lymph nodes were also involved. In addition small amounts of thyroglobulin antibody were made by thyroid-derived lymphocytes. A blastogenic response to thyroglobulin was found using lymphocytes from the iliac nodes initially and later from the spleen. These results demonstrate the widespread and sequential involvement of the lymphoid system in the autoimmune response to thyroglobulin. PMID- 6611419 TI - Critical aspects of the 125I-C1q binding assay for detecting immune complexes in tumor patients. AB - Clinical studies on C1q binding activity in tumor patients showed contradictory results and it was suggested that methodical problems might be partly responsible for those discrepancies. Therefore, precision of the C1q binding assay when testing tumor sera, influences of assay modifications on test results and possible interfering substances were investigated. Compared to aggregated human IgG and BSA: anti-BSA complexes as standards the C1q binding material in tumor sera was more unstable after freezing-thawing and distinctly more susceptible to methodical influences like testing with different 125I-C1q preparations or variations of PEG concentration and ionic strength of PEG solution. Addition of heparin and fibrinogen influenced the C1q binding of some tumor sera more than the C1q binding of standards and normal sera. Thus, instability and sensitivity to methodical influences of the C1q binding material have to be considered, when clinical studies using the C1q binding assay to detect immune complexes in tumor sera are interpreted. PMID- 6611420 TI - Immunological studies in Crohn's disease. I. Association with HLA systems in the Japanese. AB - We attempted to clarify the association between HLA and Crohn's disease. HLA-A, B, -C and -DR locus antigens in 62 Japanese patients with Crohn's disease were analyzed and the results were compared with findings of 231 healthy Japanese. In the patients with Crohn's disease there was a strong association with HLA-DR4 and -DR5 (chi2 = 14 . 013, RR = 4 . 77 and chi2 = 9 . 345, RR = 5 . 04) and a weak association with HLA-Bw46 and -Bw51 (chi2 = 7 . 077, RR = 2 . 63, and chi2 = 5 . 401, RR = 2 . 52). There was a close association between HLA-DR5 in those with the ileocaecal type, and the -Bw51 and small intestine type. Therefore susceptibility to Crohn's disease may relate to specific allotypes on the human major histocompatibility complex. The correlation was weaker than the other diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis and Coeliac disease. PMID- 6611421 TI - The prevalence of mild mental retardation in the adult years. AB - Most mildly retarded children do not receive mental retardation services after leaving school. Those who do, however, represent a sizable proportion of adults receiving services. Nevertheless, their needs may be overlooked, since most adult programmes are designed to serve more severely retarded individuals. In this paper prevalence rates for mild mental retardation in the early adult years are given for one community, and the ways in which rates vary using different definitional criteria are demonstrated. Problems related to estimating the adult service needs of mildly retarded individuals are examined in relation to suggestions offered by Baroff (1982). PMID- 6611422 TI - The repeat distance of myosin in the thick filaments of various muscles. AB - The meridional spacing of the X-ray diffraction peak from the repeat of myosin along the thick filament of four muscles has been remeasured on the same apparatus. The frog sartorius gave a shorter repeat distance (143.7 A) than the three invertebrate muscles, which ranged from 144.9 to 145.4 A. These results confirm earlier measurements. Provided that the myosin molecules are staggered relative to one another by a constant 98 residues, it may be inferred that in vertebrate thick filaments part or all of the tail lies at a considerable angle to the filament axis, whereas in the invertebrates the angle is smaller. PMID- 6611423 TI - Characterization of the stimulatory effect of T4 gene 45 protein and the gene 44/62 protein complex on DNA synthesis by T4 DNA polymerase. AB - On a variety of single-stranded DNA templates, the overall rate of in vitro DNA synthesis catalyzed by the bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase is increased about fourfold by addition of the T4 gene 44/62 and 45 proteins. Several different methods suggest that this stimulation reflects an increase in the average DNA polymerase "sticking distance", or processivity, from 800 to about 3000 nucleotides per initiation event. Both the 44/62 protein complex and the 45 protein must be present to obtain this effect, and either ATP or dATP hydrolysis is required. Rapid-mixing experiments indicate that the polymerase stimulation is maximized within a few seconds after addition of these "polymerase accessory proteins." PMID- 6611425 TI - [Identification and prognostic implication of lymphocyte infiltration in tumor tissue of cancer patients]. AB - Cancer patients with marked lymphocytic infiltration in tumor tissue tend to have a better prognosis than those who do not. This tendency is apparent from our study of the relationship between prognosis and lymphocyte infiltration in tumor tissue and the reactions of regional lymph nodes in several malignant diseases. We used the immunofluorescent technique to determine the percentage of T lymphocytes in the infiltrating cells. We also present our results obtained by the immunoperoxidase technique using monoclonal antibodies (OKT and Leu series). PMID- 6611424 TI - Coronary spasm as a cause of perioperative myocardial infarction. AB - The case of a patient with severe left main trunk disease is presented, in which spasm of the right coronary artery resulted in intraoperative myocardial ischemia and perioperative myocardial infarction. It is suggested that coronary spasm may be a cause of perioperative myocardial infarction, and has to be considered in case of unknown etiology. PMID- 6611426 TI - [A case of pure red cell aplasia: evidence that T cells suppress CFU-E colony in the autologous system]. PMID- 6611428 TI - [Control of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage with thrombin-sucralfate complex]. PMID- 6611427 TI - [Flow cytometric analysis of changes of OKT9+-lymphocytes in the blood of cancer patients during radiation therapy]. PMID- 6611429 TI - [Experimental studies on test meal combined pancreatic function diagnostant (PFD) -with special reference to pancreatic exocrine function]. PMID- 6611430 TI - [Analysis of T lymphocyte subsets by monoclonal antibodies in gastric cancer patients]. PMID- 6611431 TI - A cross sectional study on the health of fire fighters in Singapore. PMID- 6611432 TI - [Serial studies of serum immune complexes and complements in patients with glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6611433 TI - Evaluation of circulating immune complexes in lupus nephritis by solid phase C1q and conglutinin binding assays. PMID- 6611434 TI - Application of recent diagnostic analysis. Cellular origin of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 6611435 TI - Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). PMID- 6611436 TI - Inhibition of in vitro neutrophil responses to chemotactic factors by piroxicam. AB - The effect of piroxicam on polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) functions induced by several stimuli was evaluated in vitro. Preincubation of rabbit or human PMN with piroxicam inhibited the cellular responses elicited by N-formyl-methionyl leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) such as superoxide anion (O2-) generation, granule enzyme release and chemotaxis. The effectiveness of piroxicam on each response was superior to those of indomethacin and ibuprofen. Also when either concanavalin A, zymosan-treated serum or ionophore A23187 was used as stimuli, piroxicam inhibited O2- generation of PMN. The inhibitory effect of piroxicam on FMLP-induced O2- generation was dependent on the concentration of stimuli and was reversed by increasing the extracellular calcium concentration. In addition, piroxicam had no effect on the activity of a chymotrypsin-like esterase, N-acetyl phenylalanine-beta-naphthyl esterase, isolated from rabbit PMN. These results suggest that at least some of the anti-inflammatory effects of piroxicam may be mediated by affecting PMN functions, and the inhibition of O2- generation of PMN by piroxicam may be related to its capacity to modulate the association of calcium with these cells. PMID- 6611437 TI - Efficacy of streptococcal preparation OK-432 for gastric cancer patients- comparison between intradermal and intramuscular injection. AB - Nonspecific immunotherapy with OK-432, penicillin and heat treated lyophilized powder of Su-strain of streptococcus pyogens A3, was evaluated in patients with recurrent or unresectable stomach cancer to assess the relative benefit of the preparation administered by different routes. Comparative studies were made of the variation in immunological parameters, the survival rate and the incidence of adverse reactions in two groups of patients with uniform background factors: 24 receiving the preparation intradermally and 18 receiving intramuscular doses of the preparation. In for former group, no serious adverse reaction occurred but more marked improvement was achieved in various immunological parameters examined. The survival rate was significantly higher (P = 0.005) for patients receiving intradermal than those receiving intramuscular doses of the preparation. The results of the present study showed that the preparation is of greater value when it is administered intradermally than intramuscularly. PMID- 6611438 TI - [Reoperation of coronary artery disease]. PMID- 6611439 TI - [Perioperative coronary artery spasm--a case report and review of literature]. PMID- 6611440 TI - [Aorto-left coronary reversed J-shape vein bypass grafting]. PMID- 6611441 TI - Chromosome abnormalities of leukemia cells in adult patients with T-cell leukemia. AB - Chromosomes of 30 patients with adult T-cell leukemia were analyzed. Chromosome abnormalities were found in all the patients examined. The modal chromosome number of abnormal cells was hypodiploid in 2 patients, diploid in 14, and hyperdiploid in 9. The remaining 5 patients had bimodal chromosome numbers (diploid and hyperdiploid modes). Although all the patients showed various numerical or structural chromosome abnormalities, they also had common chromosome abnormalities. Aberrations of chromosome 1 were noted in 20 of the 30 patients, aberrations of chromosome 3 were seen in 20, trisomy 6 or 6q- was found in 17, aberrations of chromosome 10 were noted in 16, aberrations of the long arm of chromosome 14 were seen in 9, and trisomy 18 was seen in 7. There was no particular relationship between the difference in clinical symptoms and disparity in chromosome abnormalities. PMID- 6611442 TI - [Effect of arterialization of the coronary vein on ischemic lesion of the myocardium]. PMID- 6611443 TI - [Unstable stenocardia]. PMID- 6611444 TI - [Role of various immunity factors in the pathogenesis of lactation mastitis]. PMID- 6611445 TI - [Acute intra-abdominal complications of stomach cancer]. PMID- 6611447 TI - [Effect of ADP, malate and succinate on the electroretinogram of the isolated frog retina]. PMID- 6611446 TI - [Intraocular pressure and the trigeminal ganglion]. AB - The way in which aqueous humor secretion and intraocular pressure are regulated is not well known. In order to shed light on the role played by the sensory nervous system in this regulation, hourly intraocular pressure measurements were made on patients who had undergone surgery of the first branch of the trigeminal nerve. PMID- 6611448 TI - [Effect of sodium cyanide and 2,4-dinitrophenol on the electroretinogram of the isolated frog retina]. PMID- 6611449 TI - The interplay between host and viral genes in adenovirus gene expression. AB - Only the left end of adenovirus DNA comprising the early E1A and E1B regions is required for transformation of rodent cells and for tumorigenicity in mice and rats. The E1A early region encodes a protein which probably indirectly through a cellular component controls mRNA expression from at least four other early regions at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level. Viral early proteins also combine with or control the expression of the cellular transplantation antigens to prepare the host cell for tumor rejection or alternatively to suppress the cellular immune response. DNA replication of the viral genome requires three virus-coded proteins and two cellular proteins and is the first mammalian system where DNA can be efficiently replicated in an in vitro system. Adenovirus late expression is also subject to cellular controls since the virus uses the host cell machinery for transcription and splicing. A late translational control has also been identified which is mediated by a small virus coded RNA (VAI RNA) transcribed by the cellular polymerase III. The viral RNA is probably complexed with a cellular protein when exerting its effect. All these control mechanisms, involving both viral and cellular genes, are now being dissected, and several of the molecules involved have been identified. PMID- 6611450 TI - Urinary calculi in Lewis and Wistar rats. AB - A high incidence (8/892) of urinary tract calculi was encountered during a study involving rats being fed diets supplemented with retinoids. When the incidence was compared to that observed in earlier studies without retinoid supplements and spanning several years (2/2998), the incidence in the current study was significantly higher. Possible causative factors such as age, sex, strain, diet and carcinogen or retinoid treatment have been analyzed without a clear explanation for the increased incidence. The data suggest that retinoid treatment increased the risk of stone formation, but that retinoids were less important than some other unidentified factor(s) that operated during the recent period. PMID- 6611451 TI - Autologous immune complex nephritis in rats. Influence of modification of mononuclear phagocyte system function. AB - These studies were designed to determine the effect of modification of mononuclear phagocyte system function on a chronic immune complex disease. Autologous immune complex nephritis in rats (Heymann nephritis) was induced by immunization with renal tubular epithelial antigen (Fx1A). The mononuclear phagocyte system was impaired by splenectomy and stimulated by weekly intraperitoneal injections of zymosan. Serial determinations included 24-hour urinary protein excretion, serum antibody titers, C3, circulating immune complexes, creatinine, and creatinine clearance. Renal tissue was obtained at 21, 42, and 56 days after immunization to evaluate by immunofluorescence the amount of antigen and IgG deposited. Splenectomized rats with Heymann nephritis had significantly greater amounts of glomerular Fx1A antigen and IgG deposits at each time studied than did rats without modification of mononuclear phagocyte system function. Zymosan-treated rats had very few glomerular deposits. In the splenectomized rats, the creatinine clearance was depressed by 50%. All animals had normal levels of C3 and identical antibody titers. In an independent assessment of mononuclear phagocyte system function, plasma clearance of Fx1A was enhanced in zymosan-treated animals and depressed in splenectomized animals. These modifications of mononuclear phagocyte system function were associated with changes in the amount of glomerular deposits of IgG and the clinical course of membranous nephropathy in this animal model. Application of methods for stimulation of mononuclear phagocyte system function may have therapeutic efficacy in the future treatment of human membranous nephropathy. PMID- 6611452 TI - Macrophage-induced glomerular injury. Cell transfer studies in passive autologous antiglomerular basement membrane antibody-initiated experimental glomerulonephritis. AB - The current studies were designed to assess the ability of mononuclear inflammatory cells to mediate glomerulonephritis (GN) by studying the effects of replacement of mononuclear inflammatory cells in rabbits depleted of all circulating leukocytes and in which an antibody-initiated, macrophage-dependent model of glomerular injury was induced. GN was initiated by the injection of passive autologous rabbit antisheep gamma-globulin serum following the injection of sheep antirabbit glomerular basement membrane antibody. A proliferative endocapillary GN regularly occurred in which macrophages were the predominant infiltrating cell (mean 48.4 +/- 16.1 SD macrophages/glomerulus) and heavy proteinuria developed (590 +/- 152 mg/24 hours). This lesion was shown to be dependent on the presence of circulating leukocytes as prior treatment with nitrogen mustard producing panleukopenia completely prevented macrophage accumulation (0.4 +/- 0.1 macrophages/glomerulus), abnormal proteinuria (5.1 +/- 1.6 mg/24 hours), and histologic evidence of injury. When peritoneal mononuclear inflammatory cells were given intravenously (10(8] to nitrogen mustard-treated rabbits that were given the GN-inducing antibodies, a proliferative GN developed with significant macrophage accumulation (14.2 +/- 4.8 macrophages/glomerulus), and some rabbits became proteinuric (38.8 +/- 15.3 mg/24 hours). Electron microscopy indicated that glomerular endothelial cells underwent swelling and separation from the basement membrane in relation to macrophage accumulation. Control nitrogen mustard-treated animals given 10(8) mononuclear inflammatory cells without the injection of disease-initiating antibodies did not have glomerular macrophage accumulation (0.8 +/- 0.3 macrophages/glomerulus), abnormal proteinuria (6.1 +/- 2.1 mg/24 hours), or any histologic abnormality. Thus, macrophages can accumulate in glomeruli in direct response to the deposition of antibody and produce a proliferative GN by both their own accumulation and their effects on intrinsic glomerular endothelial cells. PMID- 6611453 TI - ATP-MgCl2 produces sustained improvement in hepatic mitochondrial function and blood flow after hepatic ischemia. AB - Recent studies have shown that infusion of ATP-MgCl2 following hepatic ischemia significantly improved mitochondrial function and hepatic blood flow 1 hr after treatment. To determine if the improvement in the above parameters by ATP-MgCl2 is short-lived or whether it persists for prolonged periods of time after treatment, hepatic ischemia in rats was produced for 90 min followed by reperfusion. The rats then received iv 0.5 ml of saline or ATP-MgCl2 (12.5 mumole each). Twenty-four hours after reflow, hepatic blood flow was measured by H2 polarography following which the animals were sacrificed and hepatic mitochondria isolated. The results indicated that 24 hr after reflow, mitochondrial state 3 respiration, respiratory control ratio, adenine nucleotide translocase activity, ATP synthetic activity, and hepatic blood flow were depressed by approximately 50% in animals which were treated with saline after hepatic ischemia. In addition, there was a fourfold increase in mitochondrial free fatty acid levels of such animals. Animals which were treated with ATP-MgCl2 following hepatic ischemia showed significantly improved mitochondrial function (used as an index of cellular recovery) and hepatic blood flow. These results in conjunction with previous results suggest that infused ATP-MgCl2 improves mitochondrial function and blood flow and that these effects persist even 24 hr after administration of ATP-MgCl2. Thus, infusion of ATP-MgCl2 following severe ischemia produces sustained improvement in cellular function. PMID- 6611455 TI - Modulation of glucocorticoid receptors by mitogenic stimuli, glucocorticoids and retinoids in normal human cultured T cells. AB - Human T lymphocytes can be maintained in cell culture by the addition of conditioned medium (CM) containing a T cell growth factor (TCGF). This system provides an opportunity to study the presence and modulation of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) by various factors in these cells. GR were present in T cells grown from each of 22 normal individuals; the binding capacity (mean = 3851 +/- 2880 sites/cell) and affinity (Kd = 7.4 X 10(-9)) were similar in rested cultured T cells (CTC) to those reported in peripheral blood T lymphocytes. Treatment of rested CTC with stimuli such as phytohemagglutinin (PHA), CM, or 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) results in a mean increase in GR binding capacity of 3.1-, 3.2- or 2.4-fold respectively without modification of binding affinity. Using an exchange assay to measure occupied and unoccupied GR, we examined the effects of cortisol on its own receptor. Treatment of rested CTC with 10(-7) M cortisol for 24 h decreased GR by more than 50%. Cortisol treatment also blocked the induction of GR by PHA and CM. Since retinoids have been shown to modulate the immune response and to alter the effects of PHA and phorbol esters on lymphocytes, we examined their effects on GR. Retinol decreased GR activity in CTC but only at concentrations which inhibit cell growth. It is concluded that GR activity in human T cells can be modulated by several important factors involved in lymphocyte function. PMID- 6611454 TI - Nuclear androgen binding sites in the male rat. II. Seminiferous tubules. AB - A nuclear exchange for androgens in the seminiferous tubules of the mature male rat has been established. The exchange, utilizing technology established on the ventral prostate gland described in the previous paper [7], is based upon LH-20 chromatography of salt extract of purified nuclei. The extract is incubated with [3H]methyltrienolone (R 1881) or [3H]dihydrotestosterone (DHT) at 4 degrees C for 21 h. Bound is separated from free on a hydroxylapatite microcolumn. Nonspecific binding is determined by use of 100-fold molar excess of the unlabeled ligand. Specific binding in an incubation volume of 2 ml containing 1.4 nM [3H]R 1881 was 5.78 +/- 0.57 fmol/mg DNA (mean +/- SE). Specific binding was linearly related to protein concentration. Of the steroids studied, only testosterone competed with DHT in suppression of [3H]DHT (one-sixth the affinity). In 4 experiments by saturation analysis, specific binding was saturable and of high affinity: Kd = 6.1 +/- 0.93 X 10(-10), n = 2.2 +/- 0.41 pM (3.75 +/- 0.77 fmol/mg DNA). A second receptor of low affinity and high capacity was also observed: Kd = 3.28 X 10(-7); n = 161 pM (2.46 pmol/mg DNA). In an analysis of specific binding by ultracentrifugation on an 8-34% glycerol density gradient, 2 radioactively labeled peaks were observed, one at 5.6 S, completely suppressed by 100-fold molar excess of unlabeled steroid, and a second larger peak at 3 S, only partially suppressed. The possibility that marginal binding was due to proteolysis could not be confirmed: (1) Addition of nuclear extract from seminiferous tubules to nuclear extract from the ventral prostate enhanced specific binding in the latter; (2) A 4-h delay in processing of seminiferous tubules did not decrease specific binding; (3) A protease inhibitor (PMSF) did not enhance binding. However, sonication of the testes, retaining only late spermatids and spermatozoa, triple specific binding (16.2 +/- 0.8 fmol/mg DNA). These results confirm our previous reports in which we observed by radioimmunologic analysis the presence of androgen receptors in seminiferous tubules, and in late spermatids and spermatozoa. It is suggested that the sonicated testis is an ideal model in which to study the role of the androgen receptor in the maintenance of spermatogenesis. PMID- 6611456 TI - Noncardioplegic myocardial preservation for coronary revascularization. AB - Hypothermic potassium cardioplegia has become the most popular technique for myocardial preservation during coronary revascularization. However, an older technique continues to yield comparable results with some potential advantages. Myocardial preservation was achieved with systemic hypothermia to 28 degrees C, pericardial cooling, elective ventricular fibrillation, maintenance of systemic perfusion pressure between 80 and 100 mm Hg, routine left ventricular venting, and local vessel isolation during distal anastomoses without aortic occlusion. Proximal anastomoses were performed prior to atrial cannulation and cardiopulmonary bypass. Nonemergency isolated bypass grafting was performed in 500 consecutive patients, of whom 51% had had a prior myocardial infarction, 24% had unstable angina, and 21% had left main coronary stenosis. Primary grafting was performed in 483 patients and reoperations in 17. The mean number of grafts per patient was 3.8. Perioperative myocardial infarction occurred in 1.8%. Hospital mortality was 0.4%. Late follow-up was obtained for all survivors at a mean postoperative interval of 17.8 months. All survivors were asymptomatic or improved over their preoperative status. The 3 year actuarial survival rate was 95.8%, equivalent to that for the matched general population. Of 287 male patients under age 65, 68.4% were working preoperatively and 69.5% postoperatively. This technique provides results comparable to bypass grafting with cardioplegia and may be useful when aortic occlusion or administration of cardioplegic solutions is not desirable. PMID- 6611457 TI - No effect of saphenous intimal thickness on patency of aorta-coronary bypass grafts. AB - Forty-two of 261 aorta-coronary saphenous vein bypass grafts had closed by 8 +/- 7 months postoperatively. The average preoperative intimal thickness of the nonpatent bypass grafts (158 +/- 132 microns) was nearly identical to that of the patent grafts (160 +/- 133 microns). PMID- 6611458 TI - Colony promoting activity (CPA) produced in long-term culture of murine bone marrow cells. AB - The differences between colony promoting activity (CPA) and colony stimulating activity (CSA) in the culture media of murine long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMC) were demonstrated and the role of adherent cells and nonadherent cells in the production of CPA was studied in this culture system. Supernatant harvested from intact continuous marrow cultures showed high CPA but contained no CSA. Assayable CSA was detected in concentrated supernatant. However, there was no significant relationship between levels of CPA and CSA in the supernatant. When adherent cells and nonadherent cells from LTBMC were separately cultured, CPA was detected in the conditioned medium of adherent cells but not in that of nonadherent cells. The CPA level in LTBMC was related inversely to the number of nonadherent cells and addition of nonadherent cells to adherent cell cultures reduced the level of CPA. Conditioned medium of nonadherent cells showed no inhibitory activity of CPA. These results indicate that CPA is produced by bone marrow adherent cells and that it may be consumed by myeloid progenitor cells in nonadherent cells. PMID- 6611459 TI - Characterization of the cells in myeloid leukemia that produce leukemia associated inhibitor (LAI) and demonstration of LAI-producing cells in normal bone marrow. AB - LAI (leukemia associated inhibitor) is a high mol. wt glycoprotein that reversibly reduces the proliferative rate of normal granulopoietic stem cells but not of clonogenic cells in leukemia. LAI was originally found to be produced and released by cells in acute and chronic leukemia and may play a role in the suppression of normal hematopoiesis in these diseases. We now report the physical and functional characteristics of LAI-producing cells in myeloid leukemia; they have a medium density with peaks in the range of 1.075-1.080 g/ml in continuous Percoll gradients, they are large cells with a sedimentation velocity of about 13 15 mm/h and they are non-phagocytic, non-adherent, non-T, non-B, Fc-receptor positive cells and about equally distributed among C'-receptor positive and negative cells. Normal bone marrow was shown to contain LAI-producing cells present in the non-phagocytic Fc-receptor positive compartment of cells within the density range 1.075-1.080 g/ml. Presented data suggest that LAI-producing cells comprise a subpopulation of cells that may be involved in the regulation of normal granulopoiesis as well as in the suppression of normal hematopoiesis in leukemia. These data also show that LAI-producing cells are different from the cells producing another inhibitor (LIA) recently identified as acidic isoferritins. PMID- 6611460 TI - The intracellular location of terminal transferase does not vary with cell cycle stage. AB - The biochemical activity of terminal transferase (TdT) in the thymocytes of leukemic AKR mice has no relationship to cell cycle stage, unlike the activity of replicative DNA polymerase which increases during the period of DNA synthesis. Moreover, such assays of DNA polymerase alpha reveal a shift in enzyme activity from cytoplasm to nucleus during S phase. In the present study, the role of TdT in DNA metabolism was explored further by examining the intracellular location of the enzyme during cytokinesis. Single cell suspensions of thymocytes from leukemic AKR mice were partially synchronized by velocity sedimentation in a sucrose gradient at unit gravity and harvested according to cell cycle stage. The content and location of TdT in individual cells was determined by indirect immunofluorescence using a rabbit antiserum to calf thymus TdT as the primary antibody. There was no relationship of fluorescence intensity or of the proportion of TdT-positive cells to cell cycle stage. In all samples examined (n = 6) the enzyme was located almost entirely in the nucleus throughout cytokinesis. These results do not support the hypothesis that the intracellular location of TdT may vary with cell cycle stage and a role for the enzyme in DNA synthesis remains to be defined. PMID- 6611461 TI - New role for IL-1--muscle protein degradation. PMID- 6611462 TI - Infection, inflammation, and interleukin 1 (IL-1). PMID- 6611463 TI - Biochemical variants of human T-cell growth factor produced by malignant cell lines. PMID- 6611464 TI - Leukemia derived growth factors. PMID- 6611465 TI - Regulation of granulocyte function by colony stimulating factors. PMID- 6611466 TI - Heterogeneity of B cell growth and differentiation factors. PMID- 6611467 TI - Lymphokines in immunological aging. AB - One consequence of the natural aging process is a continual, often severe decline in immune function. In this review, evidence is presented that supports the hypothesis that the age-related diminution in immune function is due, at least in part, to aberrant synthesis of, or response to, certain immunoregulatory lymphokines that play an essential role in immunological responses. It is suggested that pharmacological agents that modulate lymphokine synthesis and/or responsiveness may restore the immunoregulatory imbalance observed in aging and other autoimmune and immunodeficiency disorders. PMID- 6611468 TI - Soluble factor mediated T cell, B cell, and macrophage interactions in the regulation of the immune response in man. PMID- 6611469 TI - Leg exerciser for training of paralysed muscle by closed-loop control. PMID- 6611470 TI - Histiocytosis X of the head and neck. AB - Histiocytosis X is a general disease class for three less distinctive and overlapping states; namely, eosinophilic granuloma, Hand-Schuller-Christian disease, and Letterer-Siwe disease. These conditions span a continuum from an isolated bony or soft tissue lesion to a fulminant, disseminated process. The head and neck are frequent sites of initial presentation for the more serious varieties. We present four cases of histiocytosis X with lesions in the temporal bone, skull, and mandible. Some patients had accompanying scalp lesions as well as other distal bony and soft tissue lesions. Treatment included radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgery. A rational discussion of new treatment modalities based on stage of the disease is presented. Utilization of CT scanning in the initial diagnosis and follow-up is demonstrated. Management of troublesome otologic complications is also discussed. PMID- 6611471 TI - Meniere's disease: a 30-year epidemiologic and clinical study in Rochester, Mn, 1951-1980. AB - One hundred eighty cases of Meniere's disease were identified in the Rochester, MN population during the 30-year period, 1951 through 1980. The annual age adjusted incidence rate per 100,000 population was 15.3; the preponderance for females (16.3) over males (13.3) was not statistically significant. There was no change in annual incidence rate from 1951 through 1970, and a slight decrease in the period, 1971 through 1980. The prevalence rate on January 1, 1980, was 218.2 per 100,000 population. Clinical aspects of Meniere's disease noted during the course of this study are reported. PMID- 6611472 TI - Thiophosphorylation prevents catecholamine secretion by chemically skinned chromaffin cells. AB - Skinned cells treated with the adenosine triphosphate analog, adenosine-5'-0-(3 thiotriphosphate) showed calcium-dependent thiophosphorylation of cellular constituents. Catecholamine secretion was inhibited when the analog was used as the substrate to promote secretion. The attenuation of secretion was proportional to the percentage of the analog in mixtures with adenosine triphosphate. Moreover, cells treated with the analog were subsequently unable to secrete when presented with MgATP, their normal substrate, indicating that the secretory systems was locked in the thiophosphorylated state. We hypothesize that phosphorylation is the calcium-dependent step required to prime the secretory system for secretion while dephosphorylation is the event required for exocytosis. PMID- 6611473 TI - Permeabilities of single arterioles and venules in the frog skin: a functional and morphological study. AB - The permeability of single subcutaneous microvessels in the frog skin was determined with electrophysiological techniques after only minimal surgical intervention. The organization of blood vessels in the frog skin is described at the microscopic level. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the subcutaneous microvessels belong to the class of "continuous" vessels (H. Bennett, J. Luft, and J. Hampton, 1959, Amer. J. Physiol. 196, 381-390). Capillaries in the true sense of the word are rare in this subcutaneous tissue. The electrical resistance of the endothelium in well defined segments of the subcutaneous microvessels was determined by means of current injection and voltage recording microelectrodes using cable theory for the analysis. The average resistances were 70 and 24 omega.cm2 for arterioles and venules, respectively; the mean values of the two groups were significantly different (P less than 0.001). These figures are close to those obtained on microvessels in skeletal muscle (S.-P. Olesen and C. Crone, 1983, Biophys. J. 42, 31-41), but are about one order of magnitude higher than resistances of mesenteric microvessels. The calculated sodium permeabilities were for arterioles: PNa+ = 1.6 x 10(-5) cm sec(-1) and for venules: 4.6 x 10(-5) cm sec(-1). PMID- 6611474 TI - Lasers in gastroenterology. PMID- 6611475 TI - [The enzyme penicillinase and plasmid penicillinase in Staphylococcus aureus strains]. AB - Penicillinase enzyme activities and resistance to some heavy metal ions in 25 S. aureus strains isolated in various hospitals in Ankara were investigated. We also tried to find out whether the controlling genes for penicillinase activity were on the plasmids or not. By the assays that were performed, this enzyme was detected in 22 out of 25 S. aureus strains. All of the strains were found to be resistant to mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb), but only 5 of them were sensitive to cadmium (Cd). We were not able to determine the source of the penicillinase in all strains of staphylococci. PMID- 6611476 TI - [Immunological changes in patients with colorectal cancer]. AB - Sera, duodenal liquid and biopsy materials of small intestine and of mesenteric lymph nodes were collected from 22 patients with colorectal cancer (intestinal lymphoma and adenocarcinoma) and 10 control patients with gastric ulcer were found in all of patients with cancer. The increasing of B type lymphocytes and decreasing of T cells were detected in biopsy materials and high level IgA was found in the sera and duodenal liquid of these patients. The immunological alterations were not seen in control patients with gastric ulcer. These findings suggest that there is a role of cellular and humoral immunological alterations in the development of colorectal cancer. PMID- 6611477 TI - On a possible explanation of the unusually high rates of colour vision defects in some west of Scotland primary schools. AB - The rate of Colour Vision Defect in some West of Scotland Primary Schools can be nearly four times higher than the normal rate for European whites. Population isolates in Ireland at the time of the troubles when immigration to Scotland was occurring could be a possible explanation. PMID- 6611478 TI - First report of intramyocardial pH in man: I. Methodology and initial results. AB - Continuous in vivo measurements of intramyocardial pH (MpH) have not been previously obtained in man. To achieve this goal, we developed in our laboratory a new, steel-jacketed, glass electrode, and circumvented temperature-related problems by recording the output in millivolts along with the adjacent myocardial temperature. A computer program was devised to calculate MpH in accordance with the Nernst equation. The need in this system for a remote, subcutaneous, reference electrode prompted two sets of experiments. The first set of experiments demonstrated in vitro that the adverse effect of varying the temperature of the reference electrode on the calibration of the pH electrode could be avoided if the reference electrode was placed in a potassium chloride (KCl) solution outside the body and connected to the subcutaneous tissues with a salt bridge. The second set of experiments, which were conducted in vivo in dogs, demonstrated that MpH measurements made with the reference electrode in the limb were not affected by ischemic electrocardiographic changes. This system was then used successfully in 10 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Reliable, reproducible, and uniform changes were observed. Baseline MpH prior to revascularization was 6.81 +/- 0.07. Myocardial protection with cold K+ cardioplegia resulted in a significant rise in MpH to 7.45 +/- 0.06. Throughout the period of cross-clamping, MpH remained high. After revascularization and discontinuation of cardiopulmonary bypass, MpH stabilized at 6.93 +/- 0.04.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6611479 TI - Acute epiglottitis. PMID- 6611480 TI - Acute epiglottitis in adults. PMID- 6611481 TI - Endoscopy in upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. PMID- 6611482 TI - Pre-B cell cutaneous lymphoma in infancy: a unique clinical entity. AB - A case of a young infant with primary cutaneous lymphoma with a pre-B immunophenotype is presented. Several similar cases from the literature are summarized. Pre-B cutaneous lymphoma in young children represents a newly recognized clinical entity. PMID- 6611483 TI - [Examination of the real effectiveness of vitamin K prophylaxis in newborn infants]. PMID- 6611484 TI - [Distribution of lymphocyte subpopulation and natural killer activity in gastric cancer tissue, normal stomach and various tissues of gastric cancer patients]. AB - Natural killer activity of lymphocyte against M-HeLa or MKN-28 cells was measured in the gastric cancer tissue, regional lymph nodes, spleen and peripheral blood, and also the influences of injection of Nocardia CWS into the tumor was studied. Tumor infiltrating lymphocyte showed higher rates of T and T gamma cells than the lymphocyte of normal gastric tissue, nearly the same value as the lymphocyte in peripheral blood. NK activity of the lymphocyte in the peripheral blood of the gastric cancer patient showed a significant decrease compared to that of the normal subject. NK activity of the tumor infiltrating lymphocyte was markedly lower than that of the lymphocyte in peripheral blood, and was at the same level as that of the normal stomach and the lymph node. Endoscopic injection of N-CWS into the gastric cancer tissue intensified the cytotoxicity of lymphocytes in the cancer tissue and regional lymph nodes to MKN-28 cells derived from gastric cancer 5 to 17 days later, however, the activity against M-HeLa did not augment. Human fibroblast interferon (interferon beta) increased NK activity of lymphocytes in peripheral blood and spleen, but showed no influence on the activity of lymphocytes in the gastric cancer tissue and the regional lymph nodes. PMID- 6611485 TI - [Diaphragm pacemaker implantation: a case report of central hypoventilation due to cerebellar bleeding]. AB - A 60-year-old male developed chronic respiratory failure due to central hypoventilation after cerebellar bleeding. We implanted a diaphragm pacemaker (radio-frequency type) to the patient, and his respiratory status was improved. Although this apparatus devised by Glenn has been widely used in the United States, clinical applications in Japan were rarely reported. Diaphragm pacing might be one of the effective treatments to the patient with chronic respiratory failure. We discussed the indication, mechanical subject and surgical approach concerning diaphragm pacemaker implantation in this paper. PMID- 6611486 TI - Clonal diversity and homology of latent and nominal group a immunoglobulin allotypes in the rabbit. AB - Latent VH immunoglobulin allotypes are expressed unexpectedly and transiently at low concn in the serum of rabbits. Latent group a1 molecules in sera from rabbit colonies in Philadelphia (U.S.A.) and Birmingham (U.K.) were examined for a1 specificity and clonal diversity using reference nominal allotypic reagents and isoelectric focusing (IEF) autoradiography. Latent a1 molecules from rabbits of both colonies had diverse spectrotypic patterns in the pI range 5.5-8.3, as identified with 125I-labelled affinity-purified specificity-tested, anti-nominal a1 antibody. Comparisons of spectrotypes between nominal a1 antigen and latent a1 focused molecules revealed a marked correspondence in banding over the pI range. Reference anti-nominal a1 antibodies could be absorbed out substantially by the IgG fraction of serum from two rabbits containing latent a1 molecules; in a reciprocal fashion absorption with nominal a1 molecules reduced the binding of focused latent a1. The latent a1 molecules from both U.S.- and U.K.-bred rabbits displayed strikingly similar IEF spectra and their antigenic similarities were confirmed by similar absorption capacities of the reference anti-a1 serum. When sequential serum samples from one (U.S.) latent a1 rabbit were compared by IEF, some bands, e.g. those between pH 7.75 and 8.3, appeared to fluctuate in their presence, whereas others, e.g. between pH 5.3 and 7.4, were expressed continuously. We can conclude that latent a1 molecules are clonally complex and some are consistently produced in small amounts. As they also show antigenic similarity, if not identity with nominal a1, we believe that they are probably the product of the same gene (or genes) with an equivalent capacity to be associated with specificity-determining genes even though the level of synthetic activity is lower and possibly governed differently. Anti-a1 antibody was raised in a rabbit in which latent a1 allotype had been previously detected. This antibody was of low avidity and, while inhibitable on RIA by nominal a1 it was not inhibitable by the donor's latent a1 or by a second latent a1 of the same (partially inbred) U.K. colony, but was inhibitable by a latent a1 serum from the Philadelphia, U.S.A. colony. This result suggests that a1 molecules are the products of more than one gene. PMID- 6611487 TI - Isolation and biochemical characterization of the H-2Kk and H-2Dk antigens from the RDM-4 lymphoma. AB - Milligram amounts of the H-2Kk and H-2Dk antigens from the RDM-4 lymphoma have been isolated in a one-step procedure employing affinity chromatography on monoclonal antibodies conjugated to Sepharose. The purified antigens have been characterized biochemically, including amino-terminal amino acid sequence and tryptic peptide analyses of the 45,000 mol. wt chains of the antigens. The amino acid sequence results for the H-2Kk antigen, when compared with previously reported data for this molecule, reveal a discrepancy in the sequence of this 45,000 mol. wt chain. We postulate that this discrepancy reflects a previously undescribed polymorphism for the Kk-gene. We also report the first amino-terminal amino acid sequence for the 45,000 mol. wt chain from the H-2Dk antigen and demonstrate that the sequence of the beta 2-microglobulin obtained from the H-2Kk antigen preparation is identical to that published previously. Finally, the structural integrity of the H-2Kk antigen is assessed using binding of beta 2 microglobulin, incorporation into liposomes and reaction with antibodies as criteria. PMID- 6611488 TI - Hematopoietic subpopulations express cross-reactive, lineage-specific molecules detected by monoclonal antibody. AB - The molecular specificity of a rat anti-mouse monoclonal antibody for cell surface antigens expressed by T- and B-lymphocyte subsets, erythrocytes and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) was determined. The antibody reacts with B lymphocyte-associated molecules which migrated as a sharp 48,000 mol. wt band on SDS-PAGE. The antibody reacts with heterogeneous thymocyte and PMN molecules with a predominant mol. wt of 52,000. The same antibody reacts with heat-stable, amphipathic, organic-solvent-soluble erythrocyte molecules of mol. wt 35,000 40,000 present in Folch upper-phase ganglioside fractions, and evidence is presented that the determinant is protein-defined. Thus, a single monoclonal reagent which recognizes distinct, lineage-specific cell surface proteins on erythroid, lymphoid and myeloid elements may be used to probe not only the characteristic patterns of development of these hematopoietic subsets, but also the biochemical functions of the protein antigens themselves. In the case of B- and T-lymphocytes, such functions may extend to involvement in ligand-induced maturation and repertoire selection. PMID- 6611489 TI - Selective association of lipid-rich R-like lipopolysaccharide subunits with murine spleen cells. AB - SDS-PAGE was used to analyze the subunit composition of 125I-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the cell-associated and supernatant fractions of murine spleen cells after culture with radiolabeled LPS from the smooth strain of E. coli O55:B5. Quantitative estimates from densitometric scans of autoradiographs indicated that certain R-like subunits were selectively enriched in cell-associated fractions by a factor of 2.8 as compared to native O55 LPS. Coincident with this selective enrichment was a 57% decrease in these subunits in supernatant fractions. In contrast, the level of polysaccharide-containing subunits in cell-associated fractions was equivalent to or less than the corresponding subunit in native LPS. LPS bound at 37 degrees C was capable of eliciting a significant B-lymphocyte proliferative response in responder spleen cells. However, this selective binding of lipid-rich R-like subunits to splenocytes is insufficient, by itself, to initiate a triggering event since it is both quantitatively and qualititatively indistinguishable in lymphoid cells from the LPS responder (C3HeB/FeJ) mouse and the LPS non-responder (C3H/HeJ) mouse. PMID- 6611490 TI - Evolution of low molecular weight immunoglobulins--IV. IgY-like immunoglobulins of birds, reptiles and amphibians, precursors of mammalian IgA. AB - Radioimmunochemical studies on the comparison of the immunological cross reactivity between the 7-S Igs of birds, reptiles and amphibians (IgY-like Igs) and the IgA of mammals (man and pig) using 125I-chicken IgY and anti-chicken IgY(Fc) or anti-chicken IgY(H) antibodies from rabbits and carp for the detection led to the conclusion that there are close antigenic relationships between them. Therefore, the IgY-like Igs seem to be the precursors for the IgA class of mammals. From that, we give a phylogenetic tree of Igs in accordance with the evolutionary development of vertebrates. PMID- 6611491 TI - Cytology of the central nervous system. PMID- 6611492 TI - Prospects in medical care: physicians, patients, practice. PMID- 6611493 TI - Feline genitourinary and systemic circulatory changes due to a vasopressin hormonogen. PMID- 6611494 TI - Use of the one-piece shunting system in adults. PMID- 6611495 TI - Tuberculosis infection in Mount Sinai medical students: 1974-1982. PMID- 6611496 TI - Splenectomy for chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 6611497 TI - Harlequin fetus in twins. PMID- 6611498 TI - Veno-occlusive syndrome of the liver in an alcoholic man. PMID- 6611499 TI - Purulent pericarditis caused by Streptococcus anginosus-constellatus. PMID- 6611500 TI - An association of parotid carcinoma with Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. PMID- 6611501 TI - Postsurgical adult respiratory distress syndrome: case report. PMID- 6611502 TI - Corticotropin-releasing factor stimulation test. PMID- 6611503 TI - Polyclonal activation of B cells in homosexual men. PMID- 6611504 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in 90 homosexual men. Relation to generalized lymphadenopathy and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - We describe the histologic and clinical features of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma diagnosed between January 1980 and December 1983 in 90 homosexual men from San Francisco, Los Angeles, Houston, and New York. The median age was 37 years, with an age distribution identical to that for cases of AIDS reported to the Centers for Disease Control. Sixty-two per cent of the patients had high-grade (aggressive) subtypes of lymphoma, 29 per cent had subtypes of intermediate grade, and 7 per cent had low-grade subtypes. Histologic subtypes and malignant cell phenotypes were consistent with a B-cell origin. All but two men had extranodal lymphoma: central-nervous-system, bone-marrow, bowel, and mucocutaneous sites were most commonly involved. Thirty-five of 66 evaluable men (53 per cent) had complete responses to combination chemotherapy or radiotherapy or both, and thus far, 19 (54 per cent) of them have had a relapse. Mortality and morbidity were closely related to prodromal manifestations; death or illness have occurred in 19 (91 per cent) of the 21 men who presented with AIDS, in 26 (79 per cent) of the 33 who presented with generalized lymphadenopathy, and in 5 (42 per cent) of the 12 who had no prodromal manifestations. Mortality rates analyzed according to histologic grade were higher than currently reported rates in other patient populations. Kaposi's sarcoma or severe opportunistic infections characteristic of AIDS developed in 14 of 33 men (42 per cent) who presented with generalized lymphadenopathy and in 3 of 12 (33 per cent) without prodromal manifestations. We conclude that non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in members of an AIDS risk group is a serious manifestation of AIDS and the AIDS-related complex. PMID- 6611505 TI - Immunology made accessible. PMID- 6611506 TI - Successful transplantation across major histocompatibility barrier of deoxyguanosine-treated embryonic thymus expressing class II antigens. AB - Foreign tissues grafted into healthy recipients are usually rejected by the hosts' immune system largely by means of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) products expressed on donor cells. During ontogeny, developing T lymphocytes acquire tolerance to self-MHC antigens and the thymus has been considered as the most likely site for the abrogation of self-reactive clones. We demonstrate here that embryonic thymus lobes, when organ cultured in the presence of deoxyguanosine, which is toxic to proliferating embryonic thymic lymphocytes but does not affect the epithelial framework, when transplanted to the kidney capsule of normal healthy histoincompatible mice, are not rejected despite their continued expression of both class I and class II donor MHC products but do not induce tolerance. This suggests that immunogenicity is not solely a function of MHC antigen expression but is also influenced by the type of cell upon which the antigens are expressed and, if the thymus is involved in the induction of tolerance to self-MHC products, this is a function of a component other than the epithelium, perhaps thymic dendritic cells. PMID- 6611507 TI - Autoimmune human T lymphocytes specific for acetylcholine receptor. AB - Myasthenia gravis is one of the best characterized human autoimmune disorders. Circulating autoantibodies to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) at the neuromuscular junction play a prominent part in the effector phase, that is, the immunoregulation. Indirect evidence, such as thymic abnormalities and the association with certain histocompatibility antigens (for example HLA-B8,-DR3) suggests a defect of immunoregulation at the level of thymus-dependent (T) lymphocytes. We report here on the isolation of autoreactive T cells from six patients with myasthenia gravis. From one of these patients, who is homozygous for HLA-DR3, we established a long-term T-cell line. The line cells are specific for purified fish and human AChR, display the surface phenotype of inducer/helper T cells and are genetically restricted to HLA-DR3. AChR-induced proliferation could be inhibited with two monoclonal antibodies against monomorphic DR determinants and also with DR3-specific alloantiserum. PMID- 6611508 TI - Localization of a T-cell receptor diversity-region element. AB - Recently, complementary DNA clones encoding one chain of the T-cell receptor for antigen have been isolated from both murine and human cell lines. Sequence analysis of these clones indicates that they encode elements analogous to the variable (V), constant (C) and joining (J) regions of immunoglobins and that this corresponds to the beta-chain subunit of the T-cell receptor complex. These genes are rearranged in the genomes of specific T-cell lines and hybrids but not in other cell types. Analysis of the components of one such rearranged gene, 2B4, isolated from the pigeon cytochrome c-specific, H-2E-restricted T helper (TH) hybridoma, and its unrearranged (liver) counterpart, indicate that an 8 nucleotide sequence 3' to the rearranged variable region is not derived from either the germ-line V- or J-region gene segments. As this sequence lies at a similar position to the diversity (D) region in immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes, we postulated the existence of an array of germ-line D-region elements that would contribute significantly to the number of different beta-chain molecules which could be created. Here we describe the localization and sequence of one such D region element, found approximately 650 nucleotides 5' to the first JT cluster. This element seems to be involved in both functional (V-D-J) and non-functional (D-J) rearrangements. Our observations, combined with previous results, indicate that variable-region formation (V-D-J joining) in the T-cell receptor beta-chain gene follows the 12/23-base pair (bp) rule of rearrangement established for the recombination of immunoglobulin gene segments, but that the organization of the heptamer and nonamer element found surrounding the D region is significantly different. PMID- 6611509 TI - Transformation of NIH 3T3 cells by microinjection of Ha-ras p21 protein. AB - Alteration in gene structure has been shown to occur in some human tumours. These altered genes, termed oncogenes, were originally identified by their ability to induce foci of transformed cells on transfected mouse 3T3 cultures. The oncogene identified in the EJ/T24 human bladder carcinoma is similar to the transforming gene of BALB and Harvey murine sarcoma virus (MSV) and differs from its counterpart in normal cells by a single amino acid. All three of these Ha-ras genes direct the production of similar proteins (p21). While the ras gene appears to be involved in tumour formation in some situations, its role is unclear. The ras protein product (p21) binds guanine nucleotides and has a unique autophosphorylating activity, but no other enzymatic activity has been found. We report here the injection of purified Ha-ras p21 protein, made in Escherichia coli from the gene of BALB-MSV, into NIH 3T3 cells and show that the purified protein itself is sufficient to induce a transformed morphology. In addition, the injected protein stimulates quiescent cells to enter the S-phase of the cell cycle. This result clearly demonstrates that the ras gene functions directly through the protein product. It also establishes an assay for the protein which depends on its activity within a living cell. The transforming activity of a p21 ras protein equivalent to the product of the normal cellular ras gene, is also demonstrated. PMID- 6611510 TI - Altered expression of B lymphocyte surface immunoglobulins in minimal change nephrotic syndrome and focal glomerulosclerosis. AB - In 20 patients with nephrotic syndrome (10 minimal change glomerulonephritis, MCN; 10 focal glomerulosclerosis, FGS) the peripheral blood lymphocytes showed a statistically significant increase in IgG-bearing cells (SIgG-C) in comparison with 30 patients with other histological types of primary glomerulonephritis with and without nephrotic syndrome (14 and 16, respectively). In the same MCN and FGS patients the serum IgG levels were slightly decreased. Furthermore, 5 cases of MCN in sustained remission for 1 year after steroid therapy showed normalization of the SIgG-C and the serum IgG levels. The possible significance of these phenomena in the pathogenesis of the hypo-IgG-globulinemia in MCN and FGS is discussed. PMID- 6611511 TI - [Hydrocephalus following subarachnoid hemorrhage]. AB - Post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus was studied in two homogeneous series including 410 patients, 320 of whom had ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Ventricular dilatation was more frequently observed in the patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured aneurysm (44%) than in those in whom no vascular malformation was detected by the four vessel angiography (21%). Moreover, hydrocephalus was over twice as frequent in high grading (76-64%) than in low grade patients (31-35%). Ventricular dilatation was revealed in 58-52% of A.Co.A., in 39-30% of C.I.A. and in 20-21% of M.C.A. Altogether 51 patients underwent continuous ventricular drainage (EVD): 54% improved significantly, but fatal recurrent hemorrhage took place on drainage in half of them. On these grounds, it would appear that EVD may be indicated only in grade IV and, occasionally, in Grade III patients on condition that early radical surgery is carried out as soon as significant improvement is attained, without waiting for an entirely satisfactory grading. In this way, devastating hemorrhages on drainage could be prevented in the last patients of our series. Chronic disturbances of CSF dynamics calling for permanent shunting proved exceedingly rare in our patients. PMID- 6611512 TI - [Prognostic significance of intraventricular hematoma in the cases of intracranial hemorrhage]. AB - Fifty two patients with intracranial hemorrhage, which was diagnosed with CT scan, were reviewed in relation to the prognostic significance of the intraventricular hematoma. Following items were analyzed in each patient in order to classify the severity of the patients; cause of the hemorrhage, level of the consciousness at the time of evaluation, volume of the intraventricular hematoma, midline shift, cast formation of the intraventricular clots in the third and/or fourth ventricle and acute hydrocephalus. The total mortality rate of the patients analysed was 32.7%, whereas 42.3% of the patients returned to useful life. Level of the consciousness and cause of the hemorrhage were found most contributory factors to the prognosis, and, in general, the patients whose consciousness were better than in semicomatose state, could expect reasonably fair prognosis. When the level of consciousness was worse than semicoma, they were divided in two groups according to the cause of hemorrhage. Cases with ruptured intracranial aneurysm or hypertensive hemorrhage showed as a rule poor prognosis and, on the contrary, patients with AVM or MoyaMoya disease were not always poor in outcome. In the former group the level of consciousness was quite low and the prognosis was poor with higher mortality, if the intraventricular clot occupied over two third of the ventricles. However, cases with intraventricular clot caused by AVM stayed in good level of consciousness even the intraventricular hematoma extended into the all ventricles, and the prognosis was not pessimistic unless the AVM was unoperable. The midline shift on CT scan was well correlated with the high mortality in the cases of ruptured aneurysm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6611513 TI - Decreased corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in rat intermediate and posterior pituitary after stalk section. AB - We determined the corticotropin-releasing factor(CRF)-like immunoreactivity by radioimmunoassay in intermediate and posterior pituitary lobes of stalk-sectioned and sham-operated control rats. The antigenic determinant read by the CRF antibody used was contained within the region of amino acids 26 (Gln) to 37 (Leu) of the molecule. Intermediate and posterior lobes of control rats contained similar amounts of CRF (591 +/- 78 and 487 +/- 34 pg/mg protein, respectively). The section of the pituitary stalk produced a marked decrease in CRF-like immunoreactivity in both structures. The CRF content on the intermediate lobe after stalk section was 62 +/- 17 pg/mg protein, a decrease of 90%, and that of the posterior lobe was 90 +/- 13 pg/mg protein, an 83% decrease. Our results suggest that most of the CRF-like immunoreactivity in the rat intermediate and posterior pituitary lobes is contained in nerve fibers of brain origin and support the hypothesis of a role of CRF in the release of intermediate and posterior lobe peptides. PMID- 6611514 TI - Effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine on neostriatal dopamine in mice. AB - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) causes a destruction of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway in humans as well as in monkeys. However, it has been reported that MPTP is inert in several small animal species. We now report that MPTP, given to mice at 30 mg/kg intraperitoneally, causes severe and long lasting depletions of dopamine and its major metabolites dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in the neostriatum. PMID- 6611515 TI - Transmural passage of subarachnoid metrizamide into a cystic acoustic schwannoma of the cerebellopontine angle: a diagnostic dilemma. AB - CT metrizamide cisternography performed in a patient with a non-enhancing cerebellopontine angle tumour demonstrated an increase in attenuation within the cystic area between the immediate scan and that undertaken 4 h later indicating delayed inward diffusion of the contrast. At operation the tumour was found to be a cystic acoustic schwannoma of the cerebellopontine angle. Diffusion of metrizamide was not previously been reported across the wall of a cystic tumour. PMID- 6611516 TI - Convergence and interaction of neck and macular vestibular inputs on reticulospinal neurons. AB - Extracellular recordings were obtained in decerebrate cats from neurons located in the inhibitory area of the medullary reticular formation, namely in the medial aspects of the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis, magnocellularis and ventralis. Of 127 medullary reticular units examined, 77 were reticulospinal neurons antidromically identified following stimulation of the spinal cord at T12 L1; the remaining 50 neurons were not activated antidromically. Unit firing rate was analyzed under separate stimulation of macular vestibular, neck, or combined receptors by using sinusoidal rotations about the longitudinal axis at 0.026 Hz, 10 peak amplitude. Among the 127 reticular units, 84 (66.1%) responded with a periodic modulation of their firing rate to roll tilt of the animal and 93 (73.2%) responded to neck rotation. Convergence of macular and neck inputs was found in 71/127 (55.9%) reticular neurons; in these units, the gain as well as the sensitivity of the first harmonic of response corresponded on the average to 0.49 +/- 0.41, SD imp/s/deg and 5.10 +/- 4.27, SD %/deg for the neck responses and to 0.40 +/- 0.39, SD imp/s/deg and 3.90 +/- 3.80, SD %/deg for the macular responses, respectively. Most of the convergent reticular units were maximally excited by the direction of stimulus orientation, the first hormonic or responses showing an average phase lead of about +42.7 with respect to neck position and +24.9 with respect to animal position. Two populations of convergent neurons were observed. The first group of units (58/71, i.e. 81.7%) showed reciprocal ("out of phase") responses to the two inputs in that they were mainly excited during side down neck rotation, but inhibited during side-down animal tilt. The remaining group of units (13/71, i.e. 18.3%) showed parallel ("in phase") responses to the two inputs and they were mainly excited by side-down neck rotation and animal tilt. The response characteristics of medullary reticular neurons to the combined neck and macular inputs, elicited during head rotation, closely corresponded to those predicted by a vectorial summation of the individual neck and macular responses. In particular, "out of phase" units displayed small amplitudes and large phase leads of the responses with respect to head position, when both types of receptors were costimulated. In contrast, "in phase" units displayed large amplitude and small phase leads during head rotation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6611517 TI - A quantitative analysis of the spatial organization of the vestibulo-ocular reflexes in lateral- and frontal-eyed animals--I. Orientation of semicircular canals and extraocular muscles. AB - The spatial relationship between extraocular muscles and semicircular canals was evaluated in cat (frontal-eyed animal) and rabbit (lateral-eyed animal). Semicircular canal orientations in the rabbit were determined by a principal components analysis of data points obtained from the exposed osseous canals using a three-axis micromanipulator. Canal orientations were presented in terms of unit sensitivity vectors. Orientation of extraocular muscles in rabbits and cats was derived from measurements of the insertion and origin of each muscle with respect to a reference point on the skull and a calculated estimate of the center of the eye. Muscle orientations were presented in terms of unit action vectors. Semicircular canal planes of the rabbit labyrinth were not orthogonal, having deviations up to 14 degrees. Pairs of antagonistically acting vertical semicircular canals, left (right) anterior-right (left) posterior deviated from coplanarity by 16 degrees, while the deviation for the horizontal canals was 9 degrees. In both animals, muscles of an antagonistic pair were coplanar to within 8 degrees, with the exception of the oblique muscles in the rabbit for which the deviation was 19 degrees. The three pairs of antagonistic muscles were almost orthogonal to each other, the maximum deviation between any of the pairs being 8 degrees in the cat and 18 degrees in the rabbit. Comparing extraocular muscle planes and semicircular canal planes reveals that they are roughly aligned. However, there were slight but consistent differences between a given semicircular canal plane and the planes of the muscles to which this canal is connected by the classical three-neuron-arc (principal vestibulo-ocular reflex circuits).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6611518 TI - A quantitative analysis of the spatial organization of the vestibulo-ocular reflexes in lateral- and frontal-eyed animals--II. Neuronal networks underlying vestibulo-oculomotor coordination. AB - The neuronal connectivity underlying the vestibulo-ocular reflexes in cat and rabbit was evaluated in the light of quantitative data of the spatial orientation on semicircular canals and extraocular muscles. Neuronal connectivity was calculated using a matrix-analysis of the sensory and motor periphery, and of the brain stem pathways connecting semicircular canals and extraocular muscles. Two cases of vestibulo-ocular reflex compensation were considered. In the first case, vestibulo-oculor reflex compensation was assumed to be isotropic, i.e. the vestibulo-ocular reflex gain is the same for all directions of rotation. In the second case, the vestibulo-oculor reflex gain was assumed to be anisotropic with the "torsional" gain smaller than the "horizontal" and "vertical" gains. The theoretical calculation predicts that besides the principal vestibulo-ocular reflex pathways (classical three-neuron-arc connectivity), several accessory connections (other than principal connections, regardless of the synapses involved) exist which are characteristic for each species. These accessory connections were compared to physiological and anatomical data. In the cat theoretical connections for an isotropic vestibulo-ocular reflex gain agree with pathways observed experimentally, of which the most characteristic are excitatory connections to the superior rectus and inhibitory connections to the inferior rectus muscle from both of the anterior canals, and a mirror image pattern of connections from the posterior canals. In the rabbit experimentally obtained data and calculated connections rarely agree. However, for an anisotropic gain we find a higher rate of coincidence between experimental and theoretical connections. Our evaluation indicates, that accessory vestibulo-ocular reflex pathways serve to compensate for the incongruence between semicircular canal and extraocular muscle planes, at least in the cat. Available experimental data suggest an important role of a special subclass of accessory pathways via axon collaterals of principal projections (three-neuron-arc nature). With certain restrictions, the presented method of calculation promises to be a useful tool for a quantitative analysis of the vestibulo-ocular reflex. PMID- 6611519 TI - Structure and distribution of neuromuscular junctions on slow muscle fibers in the frog. AB - Neuromuscular junctions on slow fibers in frog cruralis muscle have been examined with light and electron microscopy. The slow fiber bundle of this muscle is approximately half slow fibers and half fast twitch fibers. Each slow fiber has two-five clusters of nerve terminals in its central region. In contrast, fast fibers in the same bundle have single anastomosing neuromuscular junctions. The average length of terminal clusters on slow fibers is half that of the terminals on fast fibers. Less cholinesterase activity is associated with nerve terminals on slow muscle fibers. The two types of muscle fiber were identified in freeze fracture replicas by characteristic patterns of the sarcolemmal caveolae and square arrays. Presynaptic membranes of terminals on fast fibers have long, paired double rows of intramembrane particles which lie along the sides of ridges aligned above each fold in the muscle. Ridges are less prominent or absent in terminals on slow fibers and the associated membrane particles are more often in single rows. The lengths of the particle rows also tend to be shorter and rows tend to branch and to lie at various orientations with respect to the longitudinal axis of the terminal. The average length of the particle rows per unit length of nerve terminal on slow fiber terminals is half that of particle rows on fast fiber terminals. It is concluded that the total length as well as the concentration of these active zone specializations is less at terminals on slow fibers. The lack of parallel orientation of the presynaptic active zones at slow fiber terminals corresponds to a lack of postsynaptic folds. Postsynaptic specializations seen in thin sections through slow fibers are either on flat expanses of sarcolemma or on low sarcolemmal bulges. Patches of large intramembrane particles, similar to those on fast fibers, mark regions of postsynaptic specialization in freeze-fracture replicas of slow fibers. PMID- 6611520 TI - Extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery: hemodynamic and metabolic effects. AB - After superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass, cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the operated hemisphere increased in 6 of 17 patients. Preoperatively, the symptomatic hemisphere showed lower CBF in all six, lower oxygen metabolism in five, higher blood volume in four, and higher oxygen extraction in two. With the postoperative increase in hemispheric CBF, there was a decrease in oxygen extraction, but no change in blood volume or oxygen metabolism. In these patients, chronic regional hypoperfusion followed major vascular occlusion. Compensatory responses included dilation of intraparenchymal vessels and increased transport of oxygen from blood to tissue. These changes were partially reversed by cerebral revascularization. PMID- 6611521 TI - Antibody to acetylcholine receptor in myasthenia gravis: production by lymphocytes from thymus or thymoma. AB - In 13 of 17 myasthenic patients without thymoma and all 7 patients with thymoma, thymic lymphocytes produced antibody to acetylcholine receptor (AChR). Lymphocytes from the thymoma itself did not produce AChR antibody except in one patient. The rate of antibody production was higher in patients without thymoma than in patients with thymoma (32.5 and 3.9 fmol/10(6) cells/week, respectively). The rate of antibody production was related to the serum titer of AChR antibody (r = 0.7, p less than 0.001). Enrichment of B cells using a nylon wool column increased the rate of antibody production by thymic lymphocytes 1.3- to 8.0-fold. PMID- 6611522 TI - Low serum 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - Levels of serum 24,25(OH)2D3 (0.69 +/- 0.17 ng/ml) were lower in DMD patients than in age-matched controls (2.13 +/- 0.15 ng/ml). Circulating levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 and 25(OH)D3 were within the accepted normal range. Bearing in mind the proposed pathophysiologic role of calcium in DMD and the influence of vitamin D metabolites on muscle ATP and protein synthesis, as well as on sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium transport and muscle mitochondrial calcium content, the above findings of low or deficient 24,25(OH)2D3 levels in DMD could be meaningful from the etiologic and therapeutic points of view. PMID- 6611524 TI - [Medium-long-term clinical evaluation of the effects of coronary surgery in 133 patients with stable effort-angina]. PMID- 6611525 TI - Two different receptor sites for Ca2+ and Na+ in frog taste responses. AB - Distilled water, 1 mM CaCl2 and 500 mM NaCl (pH 4.5) are effective stimuli which excite chemoreceptors of the frog tongue. To learn whether or not these taste stimuli react with different taste receptor sites, a proteolytic enzyme was topically applied to the tongue dorsum. Responses were recorded from the frog glossopharyngeal nerve during taste stimulation. After application of 0.1% pronase E to the dorsal tongue surface, the magnitude of the NaCl response remained unchanged, but the magnitude of the water and CaCl2 responses was markedly decreased. The selective suppression by the pronase E treatment indicates that there are two different receptor sites for Ca2+ and Na+ in the frog taste receptor cell and the receptor sites responsible for the generation of the water and the Ca2+ response may be composed of a protein. PMID- 6611523 TI - Specific adoptive immunotherapy of malignant glioma with long-term cytotoxic T lymphocyte line expanded in T-cell growth factor. Experimental study and future prospects. AB - The purposes of the current study were: (1) to investigate the immunoregulatory effects of T-cell growth factor (TCGF) on the activation and differentiation of syngeneic cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) populations generated against a 20 methylcholanthrene-induced ependymoblastoma, 203-glioma, in C57BL/6 mice; and (2) to determine whether the glioma-specific CTL clone (G-CTLL) could be established by TCGF, and whether the in vivo efficacy of the cloned cells could be rendered more effective in adoptive therapy. It was found that TCGF largely allows the CTL populations to proliferate and thus can activate the depressed cytotoxic activity in tumour-bearing mice. Two lines of G-CTLL were successfully obtained by the limiting dilution technique. The G-CTLL retained a TCGF-dependent proliferative growth and a marked cytotoxic activity with target specificity for over 18 months, characterized by a surface phenotype of Lyt-1-.2.3+, Lyt-2 antibody blocking of cytotoxicity and the production of immune interferon in response to mitogen and tumour antigen. In the Winn assay and the adoptive transfer assay, the therapeutic effects were detected in intracranially inoculated tumours in mice. The in vivo efficacy was dependent on the dose of G-CTLL and on the time of the intravenous administration, although the transfer was inversely ineffective in conditions of increased intracranial pressure. The mechanism responsible for the in vivo effect was probably due to the adoptive immunity and/or the tumour specific interferon production of G-CTLL. PMID- 6611526 TI - Use of MAST suit in obstetrics and gynecology. PMID- 6611527 TI - Portal hypertension. PMID- 6611528 TI - Immunologic insights into uveitis and retinitis: the immunoregulatory circuit. AB - The immune response is a complex series of cellular interactions, which is controlled by several regulatory mechanisms to insure an appropriate response. One of the most important mechanisms of control is the suppressor T cell immunoregulatory circuit. The immune response is presented in detail and examined from three different perspectives: 1) a clinical disease in which it is markedly abnormal--namely, the acquired immune deficiency syndrome or AIDS, 2) a clinical disease in which no systemic abnormality is apparent but where a local derangement in immunoregulation may be important--namely, idiopathic uveitis, and 3) a situation in which it is purposefully altered by medications for therapeutic purposes. Three drugs currently used in the treatment of uveitis--prednisone, cyclophosphamide, and cyclosporine--will be examined and compared. PMID- 6611529 TI - Survival of frog striated muscle after pressure cooling. AB - Electronmicroscopical studies and functional tests (isometric contractibility) were performed in frog biceps muscle after treatment with elevated hydrostatic pressure at room temperature and at various temperatures below 0 degrees C. 700 bar pressure for 15 min. at room temperature caused rigor and damage to the sarcomers and mitochondria. 500 bar pressure for 15 min. and cooling to -17 degrees C resulted in solid freezing connected with severe damage to the muscular tissue and loss of any function. 518 bar pressure and cooling to -7 degrees C allowed good preservation of the ultrastructure and survival of the muscular tissue. PMID- 6611530 TI - [Cases of late onset and latent steroid-21-hydroxylase defect]. PMID- 6611531 TI - Relief of cancer pain in man: alcohol-induced neuroadenolysis vs. electrical stimulation of the pituitary gland. AB - To explore new methods for the control of intractable pain caused by advanced cancer, the analgesic effect of electrical stimulation of the pituitary gland was investigated in 25 patients. The results were compared with a control study and with the effects of alcohol-induced pituitary neuroadenolysis (NALP) in the same patients. The pain score (0: no pain at all, 4: extreme pain) in the control study was 3.88 +/- 0.33. After electrical stimulation of the pituitary gland it was 1.24 +/- 1.61; and after NALP it was 1.0 +/- 1.60. The pain scores after electrical stimulation and NALP were significantly lower (P less than 0.01) than those in the control study; but there was no significant difference when the two were compared with each other. The duration of pain relief following NALP (59.65 +/- 68.72 days) was significantly longer compared with that recorded following electrical stimulation (2.97 +/- 2.58 days). Autopsy examinations of 3 patients who expired from their malignancies revealed that the pain relief was unrelated to the degree of necrosis induced in the pituitary by alcohol. Naloxone administration did not inhibit the analgesic effect of either NALP or electrical stimulation. The advantages and disadvantages of electrical stimulation, the pain relief mechanism activated by this method, and potential clinical applications are also discussed. PMID- 6611532 TI - Electrical stimulation of the conus medullaris for bladder emptying in a paraplegic. AB - Nashold et al. (1972) have developed a surgically implantable system for activating the micturition reflex in the paraplegic by electrical stimulation of the spinal cord at the conus level. This communication describes the long-term course in a paraplegic patient who has used conus stimulation to achieve bladder emptying for 7 years. A 42-year-old man sustained a complete transverse lesion at the C6 level. Ten months after the accident he developed some spasticity in his legs but his urinary bladder remained completely flaccid. A device for electrical stimulation of the conus was implanted. This enabled the patient to empty his bladder without significant residual urine. His bladder remained flaccid. Seven years after the implant he developed reflex micturition and he is no longer dependent upon electrical stimulation. PMID- 6611533 TI - [Potential value of the amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combination in general medicine, gynecology-obstetrics and pediatrics departments]. AB - This study compares the probability of in vitro activity of amoxicillin clavulanic acid combination (AMOX-CLA) with those of amoxicillin (AMOX), cephalothin (CEPH), cotrimoxazole (COT) and nalidixic acid (NAL) on the 2 003 strains isolated during the first semester of 1983 in 5 wards of medicine (MED), 2 of gynecology-obstetrics (GYN) and 1 of pediatrics (PED) at the Pitie Salpetriere Hospital. As expected, AMOX-CLA was active on most of the strains of S. aureus, E. coli, P. mirabilis, Klebsiella and Bacteroides resistant to AMOX. AMOX-CLA was active on 70 to 86% of all strains, a higher rate than that of AMOX in all situations taken in concert. AMOX-CLA was more often active than AMOX on urinary strains by 17% in MED and GYN, 26% in neonates and 37% in children; it was more often active by 16% on strains isolated from the genital tract and from specimens taken at birth, and by 43% on strains isolated from pus. AMOX-CLA showed the same activity rate as CEPH whatever the infection and was as often active as COT and NAL on urinary strains in MED. On the opposite, activity rates of AMOX-CLA were lower by 6 to 15% than those of COT and NAL on urinary strains in GYN and PED of COT on strains isolated from pus in MED, GYN and PED. Therefore, AMOX-CLA was superior to AMOX in every case, and comparable to CEPH and often COT and NAL, whose use is restricted in pregnant women and neonates owing to side effects. PMID- 6611534 TI - [Sensitivity of Campylobacter jejuni/coli to 11 antibiotics]. AB - The antimicrobial susceptibility of 106 strains of Campylobacter jejuni/coli recovered from animals and humans was studied using broth microdilution panel. Human and animal strains exhibit similar susceptibility, with the exception of the strains from pigs which are more resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin. Among the hippurate negative strains (C. coli), these strains are also recognizable from those recovered from other hosts. PMID- 6611535 TI - [Classification of beta-lactams]. AB - Redefinition of beta-lactams is needed as the many ongoing investigations produce an ever-increasing number of molecules. At the time being, there are four groups of beta-lactams: penams, cephems, penems, and monolactams. PMID- 6611536 TI - [Comparative activity of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMZ-TMP) on bacteria responsible for ORL infections]. AB - The bacteriostatic activity in vitro of co-trimoxazole (SMZ-TMP); ampicillin, tetracycline and oleandomycin was evaluated against 225 bacterial strains. All the strains (49 Pneumococci, 49 Haemophilus, 41 Streptococci and 86 Staphylococcus aureus) were isolated from sinusitis (63 strains) and otitis (162 strains) in monomicrobial samples. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the 4 antibiotics were determined by the agar diffusion method on all strains. Moreover MICs of SMZ-TMP were determined by the broth dilution method on Haemophilus strains. Seventy seven p. cent of the strains were found sensitive to SMZ-TMP, 70.7% to ampicillin, 85.4% to tetracycline and 73% to oleandomycin. SMZ TMP was the most effective on Staphylococcus aureus (80% of the isolates were sensitive), whereas ampicillin was effective on all Streptococcus, and Pneumococcus strains and tetracycline was the most active on Haemophilus strains (88% of the isolates were sensitive). PMID- 6611537 TI - Intellectual, neuropsychological, and achievement outcomes in children six to eight years after recovery from Haemophilus influenzae meningitis. AB - Twenty-four grade school children who had sustained an earlier episode of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis were tested, along with a group of 24 school-aged siblings. Evaluations consisted of tests of IQ, academic achievement, and neuropsychological skills. Parents completed forms rating each child's behavioral adjustment and temperament. Available school-administered standardized achievement tests were also obtained. Information relating to the episode of meningitis was extracted from the medical charts of each child who had had meningitis in order to investigate the relationship of these parameters to developmental outcome. Results showed that, compared with nearest-age siblings, children who had had meningitis scored lower on performance IQ and full-scale IQ. The group that had had meningitis also performed more poorly on several neuropsychological tasks. However, the groups did not differ in verbal IQ, and they performed comparably on all academic measures. Significant behavioral adjustment problems were absent from both groups, and there were no notable differences in temperament. Although findings support the existence of postmeningitis sequelae, the selective nature of the deficiencies observed indicate that prognosis for children in the age range examined may be better than that suggested by earlier studies. PMID- 6611538 TI - [HLA system in young children with respiratory viral diseases accompanied by an obstructive syndrome]. PMID- 6611539 TI - [Catecholamine metabolism in children with rheumatism]. PMID- 6611540 TI - [State and interrelation of the immune and endocrine systems in children with rheumatism]. PMID- 6611541 TI - [Osmoregulatory function of the kidney in children with rheumatism]. PMID- 6611542 TI - [Use of immunomodulating preparations in the complex treatment of children with different forms of rheumatism]. PMID- 6611544 TI - Surface markers of blood lymphocytes in bronchial carcinoma. AB - The proportion of autologous rosette-forming, i.e. autoerythrocyte-binding, T lymphocytes, was studied in 34 patients with untreated, operable bronchial carcinoma. The number of autorosettes in patients with bronchial carcinoma was considerably below the mean value for the normal control group. In patients with metastatic involvement of the regional lymph nodes at the time of surgery the reduction in the number of autorosettes was still more marked. On the 10th postoperative day after resection of the tumour and in case of remission five months after surgery, the number of autorosettes showed a significant rise approximating the normal value. The distribution of sheep-E-rosette-forming and of the "active-early" T-lymphocytes was also studied. On the evidence of the results, the number of autorosette-forming lymphocytes lends itself to a follow up of bronchial carcinoma by early demonstration of remissions or recurrences. PMID- 6611545 TI - Occurrence of Pneumocystis carinii Delanoe & Delanoe, 1912 in dogs and cats in Denmark. AB - Lungs from 106 normal dogs and 75 normal cats were examined for Pneumocystis carinii by microscopy of toluidine blue O stained imprints. Pneumocysts were demonstrated in 1 dog and 3 cats. It is suggested that these animals may constitute a part of the natural reservoir for this parasite. PMID- 6611543 TI - Autologous rosette-forming capacity of T-lymphocytes in Hodgkin's disease. AB - Distribution of the T-lymphocyte subpopulation capable of binding own erythrocytes was examined in patients with Hodgkin's (H) disease. Parallel with the autologous rosette-forming cells (Tar-cells) the absolute lymphocyte count and the proportion of sheep-E-rosette forming T-cells were studied in various stages and histological types of H-disease. A considerable increase in the proportion of Tar-cells was found in untreated or recurrent H-disease, whereas in the periods of remission resulting from therapy no distinct differences between these figures and the mean values of the controls were demonstrable. In the generalized stage of the disease as well as in its mixed-cell and lymphocyte depletion types of poor prognosis, the proportion of Tar-cells was increased. The absolute lymphocyte count and the proportion of T-cells showed a significant fall with the increase of Tar-cells. It is assumed on the grounds of the functional properties of T-cells that the increase in the proportion of Tar-cells in H disease may be interpreted as a sign of suppressor hyperactivity. PMID- 6611547 TI - Pharmacokinetic analysis of the level of sulfonamide-trimethoprim combination in calves. AB - Pharmacokinetic parameters which describe biological availability (AUC, Cmax, tmax) and elimination (kel, t 1/2) of sulfonamides and trimethoprim were determined in calves. Pharmacokinetic analysis was based upon "one compartment model". The average +/- SD half-life in plasma was for sulfametoxazole 12.8 +/- 0.32 h, for sulfamerazine 17.0 +/- 0.75 h and for sulfachloropyridazine 13.1 +/- 0.86 h. The average half-life of trimethoprim in plasma was 11.3 +/- 0.56 h. In fasted calves the concentrations of sulfachloropyridazine and trimethoprim in plasma were higher as compared with fed group. PMID- 6611546 TI - The individual patient profile. PMID- 6611548 TI - An unusual cause of variceal haemorrhage in an elderly patient. AB - An elderly patient with nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver and hypothyroidism who presented with life-threatening bleeding from oesophageal varices is discussed. Progress has been uneventful following a semi-emergency portocaval shunt 5 years ago with no evidence of hepatic encephalopathy. This is presumably a tribute to the relatively well-preserved hepatic function in this condition. PMID- 6611549 TI - The effect of immediate combined cold, ultrasound and diadynamic current therapy on swelling after wisdom tooth removal. PMID- 6611550 TI - Striking similarities in amino acid sequence among nonstructural proteins encoded by RNA viruses that have dissimilar genomic organization. AB - The plant viruses alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and brome mosaic virus (BMV) each divide their genetic information among three RNAs while tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) contains a single genomic RNA. Amino acid sequence comparisons suggest that the single proteins encoded by AMV RNA 1 and BMV RNA 1 and by AMV RNA 2 and BMV RNA 2 are related to the NH2-terminal two-thirds and the COOH-terminal one-third, respectively, of the largest protein encoded by TMV. Separating these two domains in the TMV RNA sequence is an amber termination codon, whose partial suppression allows translation of the downstream domain. Many of the residues that the TMV read-through domain and the segmented plant viruses have in common are also conserved in a read-through domain found in the nonstructural polyprotein of the animal alphaviruses Sindbis and Middelburg. We suggest that, despite substantial differences in gene organization and expression, all of these viruses use related proteins for common functions in RNA replication. Reassortment of functional modules of coding and regulatory sequence from preexisting viral or cellular sources, perhaps via RNA recombination, may be an important mechanism in RNA virus evolution. PMID- 6611551 TI - Transformation-associated proteins in murine B-cell lymphomas that are distinct from Abelson virus gene products. AB - In an effort to identify cellular proteins that may be involved in the Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV) transformation process, we have isolated a hybridoma antibody (6C3) that detects a tumor-associated antigen in all A-MuLV induced pre-B-cell lymphomas. The 6C3 antibody immunoprecipitates two molecules of Mr 160,000 and Mr 125,000 from metabolically labeled A-MuLV tumors. The two proteins recognized by the 6C3 antibody are distinct from the A-MuLV-transforming protein in that they lack viral gag determinants and are neither phosphoproteins nor protein kinases. The 6C3 proteins can be detected in all A-MuLV pre-B-cell lymphomas and some nonviral B lymphomas but are not detected on any other tumor or normal cell, including A-MuLV-transformed fibroblast lines. Thus, the 6C3 proteins may represent the products of novel cellular genes whose expression is induced, stabilized, or amplified in B-cell tumors of both viral and nonviral origin. Further evidence in support of this hypothesis is provided by the finding that 6C3 antigen expression correlates with autonomous cell growth and the transformed phenotype in both normal bone marrow cultures and those infected with A-MuLV. PMID- 6611552 TI - Macrophage-derived growth factor for osteoblast-like cells and chondrocytes. AB - Rat resident peritoneal macrophages in primary culture were found to elaborate a mitogenic factor (or factors) for rat osteoblast-like cells and chondrocytes but not for skin fibroblasts. Growth-promoting activity appeared in the incubation medium within the first 20 hr of macrophage culture and was released in amounts that paralleled the number of macrophages per culture. After their proliferative response, as judged by increases in DNA synthesis and cell number, the osteoblast like cells became enriched in alkaline phosphatase, an index of osteoblast specialization. The macrophage-derived activity was nondialyzable and heat stable, and it was eliminated by exposure to trypsin. Inhibition of prostaglandin cyclooxygenase failed to modify its generation. Partial purification (Amicon filter concentration, gel filtration) disclosed principal peaks of activity corresponding to Mr of 43,000 and 10,000. The crude conditioned medium and the Mr 43,000-peak, but not the low-molecular-weight peak, exhibited interleukin 1 activity, as judged by the ability to stimulate the proliferation of mouse thymic lymphocytes. The macrophage-derived growth factor described herein may participate in bone remodeling and repair and in primary bone and cartilage growth. PMID- 6611553 TI - Parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin, N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 -tetrahydropyridine: characterization and localization of receptor binding sites in rat and human brain. AB - N-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) produces neuropathologic and clinical abnormalities in humans and animals that closely resemble idiopathic Parkinson disease. [3H]MPTP binds with high affinity (Kd = 28 X 10(-9) M) to brain membranes. The chemical specificity of the binding sites corresponds to structure-activity requirements for neurotoxicity. Autoradiographic studies in human brain show very high receptor densities in the caudate, substantia nigra, and locus coeruleus, which may explain the neurotoxic and neurochemical sequelae of MPTP administration. In contrast to the human, rat substantia nigra and caudate display only moderate receptor concentrations. This species difference may explain the difficulty in producing selective nigrostriatal degeneration in rats. Sites densely labeled in rat brain include the locus coeruleus, interpeduncular nucleus, arcuate and periventricular hypothalamic nuclei, and the subfornical organ. PMID- 6611554 TI - The heterogeneity and functional capacities of human thymocyte subpopulations. AB - Analysis of human thymocytes with monoclonal antibodies belonging to five distinct clusters of differentiation (CD1, CD3-CD5, CD8) revealed a high degree of phenotypic heterogeneity. Six subpopulations could be defined in the thymic compartment characterized by the presence of CD1 antigens (cortical type); four subpopulations could be defined in the compartment characterized by the lack of CD1 but by the presence of CD5 antigens (medullary type); two subpopulations could be defined in the compartment characterized by the lack of both CD1 and CD5 antigens. Thymic samples could be categorized as either high responder or low responder to phytohemagglutinin alone. The defect of low responders was, to a large extent, attributable to a lack of interleukin 2 availability in the medullary type compartment. Yet, cortical-type subpopulations, both from high and low responders, were able to respond to phytohemagglutinin alone to the same extent. Undesirable cell contamination was excluded by limiting dilution analysis. Moreover, cortical-type cells were found to be able to respond to concanavalin A alone, while medullary-type cells and total populations did not respond to concanavalin A alone. Thus, the human thymus includes a number of cell subpopulations involved in complex functional interactions. PMID- 6611556 TI - The syndrome of T lymphocytosis: a model for the genetic restriction of hematopoietic suppression. PMID- 6611557 TI - Myeloid and lymphoid repertoire of human pluripotent hemopoietic progenitors (CFU GEMM). PMID- 6611555 TI - Immunodeficiency with defective T-cell response to interleukin 1. AB - Normal proliferation of T cells in vitro requires production of and response to the lymphokine interleukin 2 (IL-2). Optimal IL-2 production by T cells is dependent on the monokine interleukin 1 (IL-1). A 10-year-old male with recurrent infections and failure to thrive was evaluated for possible defects in the production and response to IL-1 and IL-2. The patient had normal levels of serum immunoglobulins and a normal distribution of circulating T-cell subsets. However, the in vitro proliferative response of his peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to phytohemagglutinin was depressed (40% of normal) and the response of his PBMC to antigens was absent. Delayed hypersensitivity skin tests and in vitro response to tetanus toxoid remained absent despite repeated immunizations. Monocyte function in this patient was normal as judged by the following criteria: normal expression of Ia antigens (77% +), normal IL-1 production, and normal capacity to present tetanus toxoid to a maternal T-cell line specific for tetanus toxoid antigen. The abnormal phytohemagglutinin response of the patient's PBMC was corrected by the addition of exogenous IL-2. IL-2 production by the patient's phytohemagglutin-stimulated PBMC was severely deficient but was corrected by the addition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, suggesting a defective response to IL-1. T-cell blasts derived from a normal subject but not T-cell blasts derived from the patient absorbed out IL-1 activity from a preparation of purified human IL-1. These results indicate that the patient's T-cell deficiency was due to a defective T-cell response to IL-1 and suggest that IL-1 plays an important role in the in vivo immune response. PMID- 6611558 TI - Clonal evolution in the pathogenesis of pancytopenia. PMID- 6611559 TI - Realising the SPECT capability of a rotating gamma camera: an alternative approach. PMID- 6611560 TI - Personality traits related to monoamine oxidase activity in platelets. AB - Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and intellectual level were examined in a large series of 1,129 18-year-old boys, selected from the general population. Personality traits were determined by means of selected subscales from several personality inventories such as the Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Scale, the Eysenck Personality Inventory, and the Karolinska Hospital Personality Inventory. Information was also gathered concerning alcohol consumption habits, signs of alcohol dependence, and use and abuse of tobacco, cannabis, glue, opiates, and amphetamine. Low MAO subjects were found to be more sensation seeking and to have higher scores on impulsivity and monotony avoidance. They also had higher use of tobacco and alcohol, showed more signs of possible alcohol dependence, and showed more drug abuse. When low MAO subjects were subdivided according to intellectual level, low MAO subjects with high intellectual level were found to have higher psychological functioning as judged by a psychologist after a clinical interview. Low MAO subjects with low intellectual level were found to have more use and abuse of alcohol and drugs, i.e., less accepted forms of sensation seeking, and they had a significantly lower level of psychological functioning. This subgroup seems to be the real "high risk" group that according to the high risk paradigm could be expected to show more alcohol abuse and higher tendencies to suicidal behavior. PMID- 6611561 TI - Benign exostoses and exostotic chondrosarcomas: evaluation of cartilage thickness by CT. AB - Computed tomograms of 16 benign exostoses and 15 exostotic chondrosarcomas were generally accurate in delineating anatomy for purposes of planning surgery, but they were inaccurate in the detection and measurement of the cartilage caps of the lesions. CT studies of 14 of the benign exostoses failed to show any cartilage cap, although the maximum cartilage thickness of these 14 lesions ranged from 0.1 to 2.5 cm pathologically. CT did demonstrate thick cartilage in 14 of the 15 chondrosarcomas, but the CT measurements of maximum thickness often were imprecise. Altogether, 15 CT studies failed to show any cartilage cap; 14 of these lesions were benign. CT did not reliably detect cartilage caps less than 2.5 cm in maximum thickness, and CT measurement of cartilage thickness was imprecise when the cartilage was 1.5 to 2.5 cm thick. For this reason, CT did not solve the difficult problem of distinguishing between benign exostoses with relatively thick cartilage caps and exostotic chondrosarcomas with relatively thin cartilage. PMID- 6611563 TI - Histiocytosis X: rate and pattern of resolution of osseous lesions. AB - Resolution rate and qualitative characteristics of healing were studied in 71 osseous lesions of histiocytosis X. Rates of healing, as assessed planimetrically and by vertebral body-height measurement, did not differ significantly among lesions that were treated with chemotherapy alone, chemotherapy plus radiation, radiation alone, or those that received no treatment. Lesions of Letterer-Siwe disease, Hand-Schuller-Christian disease, multiple eosinophilic granuloma, and solitary eosinophilic granuloma resolved at comparable rates. A trend toward more rapid healing was noted in younger children. Lesions treated with radiation alone showed a greater tendency to resolve with sclerosis, but radiographic healing characteristics did not strictly depend upon specific mode of therapy. These results support the concept of osseous histiocytosis X as a benign self-limited disorder when systemic disease is absent, and they encourage therapeutic conservatism. PMID- 6611562 TI - Gastric bleeding: therapy with intraarterial vasopressin and transcatheter embolization. AB - Angiographic therapy to control gastric bleeding was attempted in 200 patients. One hundred ninety-four patients were treated with intraarterial vasopressin and 17 of them were also treated with transcatheter embolization. Six patients underwent primary embolization, and an additional six received intravenous vasopressin. The initial rate of bleeding control in all patients angiographically treated was 73%. When embolization was used in some of the patients who did not respond to vasopressin, the overall control rate increased to 79%. Recurrent bleeding occurred in 18%. When angiographic therapy was attempted again in the patients with recurrent hemorrhage, the bleeding was stopped in 36%. Major complications occurred in 6.5% and minor in 17.5%. Of the patients with bleeding that was angiographically controlled, 73% survived and 27% died of associated clinical conditions. Among the failures of angiographic therapy, 48% died during the same hospital admission. Intraarterial infusions of vasopressin or transcatheter embolization are useful for the control of gastric bleeding. PMID- 6611564 TI - Liposomes loaded with contrast material for image enhancement in computed tomography. Work in progress. AB - Large unilamellar phospholipid vesicles were prepared and loaded with various radiographic contrast media. Body CT following in vivo administration of these vesicles in the rat demonstrated opacification of organs associated with the reticuloendothelial system. Image enhancement in the spleen and liver was dose dependent and was linearly related within the dose range investigated. Contrast enhancement was observed within five minutes of intravenous administration, was maximal 60 minutes after injection, and declined during the second hour. Clearance of the radiographic contrast material was complete within 24 hours. Diffuse splenic lymphoma following intraperitoneal or intrasplenic injection of lymphoma cells, and solitary lymphoma nodules following intrahepatic injection were readily detected as nonenhanced areas following injection of liposomes. PMID- 6611565 TI - Improved interpretation of gated cardiac images by use of digital filters. AB - The authors describe a digital filter that greatly enhances the quality of gated cardiac blood-pool images. Spatial filtering is accomplished with a minimum-mean square-error (Wiener) filter incorporating measured camera blur and Poisson noise statistics. A low-pass temporal filter is then applied to each pixel, with the cutoff frequency determined from measurements of frequency spectra in 20 patients. This filter was evaluated in routine clinical use for nearly one year and found to significantly improve chamber definition, delineate wall motion abnormalities better, and reduce noise. To quantitatively assess the effect of the filter on image interpretation, four experienced observers evaluated wall motion in a series of mathematically simulated left ventricular images. ROC analysis revealed that accuracy in assessing wall motion was significantly greater with the filtered images. PMID- 6611566 TI - Radioimmunoassay of pancreatic polypeptide in mammalian and submammalian vertebrates using a carboxyl-terminal hexapeptide antiserum. AB - Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) immunoreactivity in acid-ethanol extracts of the pancreas of representative species of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish was studied by a radioimmunoassay (RIA) that utilizes an antiserum which cross-reacts exclusively with the COOH-terminal hexapeptide of PP (CTPP). PP immunoreactivity in acid-ethanol extracts of rat nonpancreas tissues (stomach, duodenum, skeletal muscle, brain) was also examined. Significant concentrations of PP immunoreactivity were detected in the pancreatic extracts of all species, except fish. Appreciable quantities of PP immunoreactivity were also found in the stomach and duodenum of rats. In all cases, tissue extracts showed parallelism with reference PP (bovine) in the RIA. Gel chromatography (Sephadex G-50sf) of tissue extracts (rat, turtle) demonstrated a major peak of PP immunoreactivity, which eluted in the region of the reference PP. Salamander PP immunoreactivity eluted after bovine PP. In addition, the CTPP RIA can be applied to measure plasma levels of PP in rats, dogs, and humans. By using this PP RIA, we observed that plasma PP levels increase significantly in dogs (P less than 0.05) after intravenous administration of neurotensin. In rats, administration of intravenous bombesin resulted in a significant elevation of plasma PP. PMID- 6611567 TI - [Quantification of lectin receptors on B, T, T-gamma and T-mu lymphocytes. I. Concanavalin A, Pisum sativum, Lens culinaris and wheat-germ agglutinin]. AB - The immune system is formed of different lymphocyte subpopulations, each one having a defined role to defend the organism. Their plasma membranes present differences in the glycoproteinic or/and glycolipidic composition, as detected with labelled 125I-lectins. B lymphocytes have a greater number of receptors for the Pisum sativum, Lens culinaris and WGA lectins than T lymphocytes. On the other hand, T lymphocytes bind a greater number of Concanavalin A molecules than B lymphocytes. WGA lectin appeared to be more specific for T mu subpopulation, while Con A and Pisum sativum lectins were bound preferentially to T gamma lymphocytes while no significant differences were observed between both subpopulations for Lens culinaris lectin. From the affinity of each lectin to each lymphocyte population it could be deduced that the receptor structure, conformation and arrangement on the membrane was optimal in B lymphocytes for Con A and WGA binding, and T lymphocytes for Lens culinaris and Pisum sativum binding. PMID- 6611568 TI - [Circulating immune complexes and bronchopulmonary cancers]. AB - This study of circulating immune complexes was carried out using a C1q radio labelled complement fixation test in 162 patients suffering from broncho pulmonary disease. There were a similar number of positive results in primary cancer (44%) or secondary (53%) in tuberculosis (37%) or other pathologies (64%). With primary causes neither the histological type nor the stage of extension were associated with any particular frequency of positive tests. The diagnostic interest of research into circulating immune complexes thus appears limited. This study shows however, the activation of humoral systems of immunity during the course of broncho-pulmonary diseases, and raises the prospect of qualitative studies into the nature of the antigen implicated and their role in the mechanism of defence of the organism. PMID- 6611569 TI - Ca2+ uptake and energy supply of sheep heart mitochondria in presence of some calcium antagonists. AB - The action of the calcium antagonists nifedipine, bepridil, diltiazem and of an alpha adrenergic antagonist, prazosin, was studied on Ca2+ uptake and energy supply (i.e. oxidative phosphorylation) of sheep heart mitochondria. In order to appreciate an inhibition, uncoupler like, of the Ca2+ influx, a comparative study was made with DNP. The Ca2+ uptake was inhibited, at the concentrations tested, (less than or equal to 10(-3) M), only by bepridil, nifedipine and DNP: a 2.5.10( 4) M concentration of these drugs brought an inhibition of 95%, 65% and 100% respectively. The inhibition was accompanied by a decrease of the ADP:O ratio and the RCI except with nifedipine. It is suggested that bepridil could act more as an inhibitor-uncoupler and nifedipine as an inhibitor of the Ca2+ uptake uniporter; both leading to a decrease of the mitochondrial participation in the regulation of the cellular homeostasis. This phenomenon could contribute to the known clinical properties of bepridil and nifedipine. PMID- 6611570 TI - [Immunologic response to Yersinia antigens in patients with various rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6611571 TI - [The new pneumonias]. PMID- 6611573 TI - [The action of pronase on the recognition and lysis of target cells in natural cellular mediated cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity]. PMID- 6611572 TI - [Complement markers Bf and C4 in multiple sclerosis]. AB - Some immunogenetic HLA markers are significantly correlated with multiple sclerosis, e.g.: the antigens B7, DR2, and the associations B7-DR2, A3-B7-DR2. In addition, the polymorphism of the allotypes Bf and C4 is also controlled by chromosome 6; a study of these markers is therefore of interest. The study of Bf and C4 in multiple sclerosis included a population of genotyped unrelated patients: 50 patients for Bf markers and 41 for C4A and C4B markers. This study revealed an over-representation of allotype S and homozygous BfSS in multiple sclerosis. BfSS homozygote was significantly more frequent in the B7 negative and/or DR2 negative patients, i.e. when the risk markers per se were absent. No correlation could be evidenced with the remittent or progressive character of the disease. These data, obtained from the study of C4, are still preliminary ones. The results found with the Bf markers confirm the existence of a genetic factor in multiple sclerosis and suggest that the susceptibility gene of the disease could be closer to locus Bf than to locus DR. PMID- 6611574 TI - [Survey on paracoccidioidin in a population of Bahia (Brazil)]. PMID- 6611575 TI - Evidence for relationships between antiperinuclear and IgG rheumatoid factor. AB - Antiperinuclear factor (APF) and IgG-rheumatoid factor (IgG-RF) has been found in 64% and 48% of cases of rheumatoid arthritis, 36% and 50% of cases of psoriasis and 31% and 45% of cases of primary Sjogren's syndrome. A close relationship between APF and IgG-RF is suggested by statistical and experimental data. Purified IgG-RF has some degree of APF activity. PMID- 6611576 TI - The analgesic effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and placebo in chronic pain patients. A double-blind non-crossover comparison. AB - The analgesic effects of high frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TNS), "acupuncture-like" TNS and placebo TNS were evaluated in 33 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and chronic hand pain using a randomized, double-blind, non-crossover design. An oscilloscope was employed to monitor the stimulator output in the TNS treatment groups and to provide strong suggestion and a focus of attention in the placebo treatment group. The two forms of TNS were applied at the highest intensity that could be tolerated by patients. Assessments of resting pain, joint tenderness, grip strength and grip pain were made before and after treatment. The pain and joint tenderness measurements showed high frequency TNS, "acupuncture-like" TNS and placebo TNS to be equally effective in producing analgesia of similar degree and trend over time. The grip strength measurements showed no significant change. The results obtained with placebo are probably due to the suggestion and attention effects of the visual stimulus. The implications of these results in respect to pain control pathways are discussed. Although TNS given at high intensity was shown to be no better than placebo applied with strong suggestion, this does not preclude its use as a method of pain control in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6611577 TI - Caloric and oculomotor tests in neuroaudiological diagnosis. PMID- 6611578 TI - T-lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with various courses after hepatitis B virus infection. AB - The course of a hepatitis B virus infection is probably determined by the cellular immune response of the host, which is partly regulated by the T helper and T suppressor cells. We therefore counted immunoregulatory T-cell subsets in the peripheral blood of 97 patients with various courses of hepatitis B virus infection: 23 of these patients were asymptomatic HBsAg carriers without detectable liver disease, 13 had chronic persistent hepatitis B, 19 had chronic active hepatitis B (11 HBeAg, 8 anti-HBe), 7 had chronic active hepatitis with anti-HBs or anti-HBc, and 35 were healthy controls with anti-HBs after recovery from acute hepatitis B. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were specifically labelled with monoclonal Leu-1 (T cells), Leu-2a (T suppressor/cytotoxic cells), and Leu-3a (T helper cells) antisera and analyzed by flow cytometry. Leu-3a/Leu 2a ratios for patients with persistent virus infection did not differ from those found for patients who cleared the hepatitis virus antigens. There was, however, evidence that the number of T suppressor cells in the subgroup of patients with ongoing chronic active hepatitis and anti-HBe had decreased. These findings suggest that elimination of hepatitis B virus is unlikely to be related to the relative number of peripheral T-cell subsets. The few patients who develop chronic active hepatitis after partial clearance of the virus probably have an enhanced immunoreactivity compared with those with the commoner courses of this disease. PMID- 6611579 TI - Pattern of serum amino acids in patients with liver cirrhosis. Influence of shunt surgery and transesophageal sclerotherapy. AB - The serum amino acid pattern was studied in 30 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, in 15 patients with non-alcoholic cirrhosis, and in nine healthy controls. Patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis had significantly increased serum levels of aspartic acid, proline, methionine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan compared with controls. Valine was significantly decreased. Patients with non-alcoholic liver cirrhosis differed from patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis only in having significantly greater serum levels of glycine. The serum amino acid pattern of nine cirrhotic patients who underwent mesocaval interposition shunt surgery because of bleeding esophageal varices was prospectively compared with that of nine matched patients treated with transesophageal sclerotherapy. A further significant increase in methionine and tyrosine serum levels was noted after shunt surgery. It is concluded that sclerotherapy influences serum amino acids less, which might be an advantage in relation to the development of hepatic encephalopathy. PMID- 6611580 TI - Pancreatic secretory proteins in sera from rats before and after induction of experimental pancreatitis. AB - This study has traced the behavior of rat anionic trypsin-like immunoreactivity and pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) immunoreactivity in the serum of rats undergoing bile-pancreatic duct infusions of buffered solutions with and without the addition of the bile salt taurocholate. Enzymatic analysis of alpha amylase was also done. A mild pancreatic inflammation followed infusion of buffer alone, as determined by gross inspection of the pancreas and the behavior of serum levels of the above proteins. Animals infused with buffer and 4% taurocholate had major inflammatory changes, including gross hemorrhage into the gland, and marked elevations in serum levels of the three proteins studied. Graphic analysis of the serum levels revealed distinct sharp rises in the serum levels of all three proteins in the taurocholate group. In the buffered saline group only an initial sharp rise was present, followed by a prolonged decrease back towards base-line values. The immunoreactive trypsin in the taurocholate group was present in three fractions with different molecular weights: trypsin in complex with protease inhibitors, trypsinogen, and trypsinogen, and degradation products. PSTI immunoreactivity showed the molecular size of free inhibitor and that of degradation products. The presence of trypsin in complex with protease inhibitors indicates the formation of active trypsin during acute pancreatitis, which is further supported by the presence of degradation products of trypsin and PSTI. PMID- 6611581 TI - The great majority of childhood lymphoblastic leukaemias are identified by monoclonal antibodies as neoplasias of the B-cell progenitor compartment. AB - 36 acute leukaemias in children, 24 lymphoblastic and 14 myelogenous, have been examined with a set of 10 monoclonal antibodies by indirect fluorescent staining. In the lymphoblastic group the leukaemic cells of 4 children were found to have T cell phenotype, while 19 of the other 20 T-cell phenotype negative cases were found to be positive for the c-ALL antigen. All 20 were negative for surface immunoglobulin as well as cytoplasmic mu-heavy chains. However, 17 (85%) reacted positively with the monoclonal antibody AB-1 which we have developed against a B cell lymphoma, thus revealing B-lineage specificity. Another B-lineage-associated antibody (AB-2) reacted with 8/20 (40%) of the cases with distribution similar to B-1. These findings suggest that the great majority of non-T-non-B acute lymphoblastic leukaemias are neoplasms derived from the B-cell progenitor compartment. Moreover, monoclonal antibody testing allows further sub categorization in this group. Similarly the acute-myelogenous leukaemia group could be subdivided into phenotypic subsets. The importance of using panels of monoclonal antibodies in the diagnosis of acute leukaemias is discussed. PMID- 6611582 TI - The use of monoclonal antibodies in clinical haematology--the art of limitation. PMID- 6611583 TI - Malignant (acute) myelosclerosis--a clinical and pathological study in 6 patients. AB - Clinical and morphological findings are described in 6 patients with malignant (acute) myelosclerosis/fibrosis (MMS). Haematological data are characterized by severe anaemia and thrombocytopenia, frequently accompanied by a leucopenia with an increase in myeloblasts and promyelocytes in the peripheral blood count. There is an absence of, or a minimal hepatosplenomegaly and the survival times after onset of clinical symptoms to death range from 4-12 months. The histopathology of the bone marrow shows a conspicuous proliferation of blasts (myeloblasts, promyelocytes and megakaryoblasts) in a variable amount, besides a fibrosclerosis consisting of reticulin and collagen fibrils. A comparison of MMS with ordinary myelofibrosis/osteomyelosclerosis (MF/OMS) of a chronic course implicates two important facts: (a) evolution of fibrosclerosis takes a considerable period of time for manifestation, which ranges between 20-30 months; (b) the histopathology of MMS is identical with those features observable in the rare event of a terminal stage, i.e. blastic transformation of chronic MF/OMS. Consequently MMS should be designated as an accelerated variant of MF/OMS with a rather early occurrence of a blastic crisis. The insidious onset with the dominant clinical finding of anaemia is probably responsible for the relatively late appearance of symptoms, while the progressive course prevents an overt myeloid metaplasia with a massive hepatosplenomegaly. PMID- 6611584 TI - Prolonged red cell survival following in vitro treatment with potassium cyanate. A study in patients undergoing open-heart surgery. AB - Red cel survival was prospectively studied, using Chromium-51 isotope, in 48 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass for single valve replacement (SVR, 24 patients) or coronary bypass graft procedures (CABG, 24 patients). The red cells were labelled on the day before the open heart surgery. Cells from randomly selected patients were treated for 30 min with potassium cyanate (0.5 mg/100 ml) in 5% invertose solution or with 5% invertose alone. The mean red cell survival in the SVR and the CABG group was 21.3 and 23 days, respectively, when the cells had been treated with cyanate, and 12.7 and 12 days when only invertose had been used. In the cyanate groups the loss of isotope during cardiopulmonary bypass and in the first three postoperative days was significantly less than in the control groups indicating improved tolerance to the traumatic effects of cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 6611585 TI - The effect of urea on red cell deformability during cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Red cell deformability was measured from the red cell filtration rate (RFR) in 33 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Urea (1.0 g/kg b.w.) was given to 14 of the patients and 19 were controls in a prospective, blind study. The mean RFR (microliters/s) fell during 120 min of CPB, from 36.8 to 11.2 in the control group and from 37.4 to 25.0 in the urea group. In 17 patients undergoing single valve replacement, the mean RFR at CPB time 120 min had fallen from 38.5 to 17.4 in the controls and from 38.0 to 30.0 in the urea group. The corresponding figures in the 16 patients who underwent coronary bypass graft procedures were 35.0 to 3.5 (controls) and 36.8 to 20.8 (urea). The study confirmed the deleterious effect of CPB on the red cell and showed that this damage can be significantly reduced by administration of urea. PMID- 6611586 TI - The value of activated coagulation time in monitoring heparin therapy during extracorporeal circulation. AB - The anticoagulant effect of heparin was studied in 20 patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery. The protamine dose necessary to reverse heparin after extracorporeal circulation (ECC) was assessed in ten patients from individual heparin dose-response curves (HDR group). The other ten patients received protamine according to a routine protocol (control group). The protamine administration was followed in both groups by injection of 3-5 g tranexamic acid (Cyklokapron). A wide range of sensitivity to heparin was shown by the patients. Although almost twice as much protamine was given to the control group as to the HDR group, the effect on heparin reversal was similar. The variability of protamine dose did not influence the post-bypass levels of fibrinogen, AT-III, activated coagulation time (ACT) or Cephotest, and fibrinolysis was not observed in either of the groups. During ECC there was poor correlation between ACT and plasma heparin levels, and the use of heparin dose-response curves was grossly misleading in regard to true heparin concentration. The postoperative bleeding was not related to the levels of heparin or coagulation parameters after heparin reversal. The concentrations of fibrinogen and AT-III showed variations dependent on the changes in haematocrit. A number of factors other than heparin that influence ACT are discussed. PMID- 6611587 TI - Quantitative measurement of glucose utilization in dog brain using positron emission tomogram and 18FDG. PMID- 6611588 TI - Allelic frequencies of plasma alpha-1-antitrypsin in Chinese. AB - Alpha-1-antitrypsin (Pi) types and subtypes in a Chinese population of 1049 unrelated individuals in Beijing were determined by separator isoelectric focusing. The low activity Pi variant S and the deficient Pi variant Z, common in most Caucasian populations, are absent in the Chinese population. The frequent Pi variant found in the Chinese population is a neutral mutant, Etokyo, which was only found in Japanese before. Thus, it is concluded that, as a predisposition of obstructive or some other lung diseases and liver diseases, the genetic determined deficiency of alpha-1-antitrypsin in Chinese is not so important as in most Caucasian populations. PMID- 6611589 TI - [Etiology of pericarditis]. PMID- 6611590 TI - [Acute profuse hemorrhage from Meckel's diverticulum]. PMID- 6611591 TI - [Determination of blood serum alpha-amylase isoenzymes in pancreatic operations]. PMID- 6611592 TI - [Surgical treatment of diverticulosis of the large intestine]. PMID- 6611593 TI - The clinical diagnosis of genital ulcer disease in men in the tropics. AB - Since the clinical diagnosis of genital ulcers without laboratory confirmation is not reliable in developed countries, we postulated that clinical diagnosis alone would be no more reliable in developing countries. A presumptive clinical diagnosis of chancroid, genital herpes, syphilis, or lymphogranuloma venereum was made for 100 male patients at the Special Treatment Clinic in Nairobi, Kenya. This diagnosis was then compared to the final diagnosis determined by laboratory identification of the pathogen, by culture, or by serologic response. In 64 patients, a final diagnosis of either chancroid, syphilis, or genital herpes was established. The diagnostic accuracy varied from 75% for chancroid to 42% for syphilis and 43% for herpes. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 66%. The predictive values of positive clinical diagnoses were 84% for chancroid, 60% for syphilis, and 75% for herpes. Thus, clinical diagnosis of genital ulcer disease was not sufficiently reliable in this study. PMID- 6611595 TI - Nosocomial Hemophilus pneumonia in patients with severe trauma. AB - In recent years, there have been increasing reports of Hemophilus pneumonia in adults. With few exceptions, these reports described Hemophilus as a cause of community acquired pneumonia. In the past three years, however, we have seen 15 instances of nosocomial Hemophilus pneumonia in patients with trauma who are intubated. This represented 11 per cent of the incidences of pneumonia that we diagnosed in this time period. The average age of the patient was 36 years and most patients had been in motor vehicle accidents. Six had received antibiotics and nine, steroids prior to their infection. Of note is that all incidences of Hemophilus pneumonia occurred within 11 days of hospitalization. This suggested to us that although the infections were clearly nosocomial, the organisms were probably not hospital acquired. Nevertheless, Hemophilus should be considered a potential cause of early pneumonia in the patients with trauma who are intubated. PMID- 6611594 TI - Patterns of substance use among children and youth: a longitudinal study. AB - This report presents a set of findings from a three wave 36 month longitudinal study on the use of cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana/hashish and other drugs by a population of children and adolescents ranging in age from 9 to 17 at the time of first interview. Gross differences in percentages of subjects reporting using substances across the three data collection intervals are found to be quite small. However, when these differences are examined in detail, it is found that a good deal of initiation of use by some subjects and curtailing of use by others stands behind the relatively small net changes in use from one interval to another. Escalation in substance use, from less mood altering to more mood altering substances, is found to exist, but to appear far less frequently than "initial" multiple drug use. Finally, "intensity" of use of one substance is found to be somewhat related to age and very strongly related to the use of other substances. Limitations of findings due to episodic rather than continuous monitoring of substance use are noted. PMID- 6611596 TI - Induction of hepatic protein synthesis by a peptide in blood plasma of patients with sepsis and trauma. AB - Accelerated release of amino acids from muscle and their uptake for protein synthesis by liver and other visceral tissues are characteristic of trauma or sepsis. Experimentally, this response is induced by interleukin-1 (IL-1) generated by activated macrophages in vitro. However, IL-1 has not been demonstrated in human blood. A small 4000-dalton peptide recently isolated from plasma of patients with sepsis and trauma induces muscle proteolysis and is called "proteolysis-inducing factor" (PIF). To test whether this agent has the ability also to induce hepatic protein synthesis, a series of animal experiments and clinical observations were undertaken. The structural and secretory (acute phase reactants) in vitro protein synthesis in livers of normal rats injected intraperitoneally with IL-1 or PIF was significantly greater than that of normal rats or those injected with Ringer's lactate (p less than 0.01). In patients with sepsis and trauma the central plasma clearance rate of amino acids, a measure of visceral (principally hepatic) amino acid uptake, was elevated and correlated with the rates of protein synthesis in incubated liver slices obtained by biopsy at operation from the same patients (p less than 0.05). Both in vivo measured central plasma clearance rate of amino acids and in vitro measured hepatic protein synthesis correlated with plasma levels of PIF in the same patients (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05, respectively). We conclude that since PIF, and not IL-1, is present in human plasma and both are produced by activated macrophages, PIF seems to be the stable circulating cleavage product of IL-1, which induces not only muscle proteolysis but also hepatic protein synthesis, principally in the form of acute-phase reactants during infection and other states in which inflammation is present. PMID- 6611597 TI - Small intestine transplantation in the rat--immunology and function. AB - Heterotopic, vascularized small intestine transplants were performed in inbred strains of rats to investigate the structural, functional, and immunologic consequences of intestinal transplantation with and without immunosuppression with cyclosporine (CyA). Lewis X Brown Norway F1 intestine was rejected by untreated Lewis recipients in 7 to 10 days. Structurally, rejected intestine was characterized by shortened crypts and villi lined by damaged attenuated epithelial cells. Functionally, rejection was associated with impaired epithelial active ion transport as indicated by decreased potential difference and with diminished epithelial barrier function as reflected by decreased transepithelial resistance. Administration of CyA for 7 days prevented clinical rejection and partially prevented the structural and functional defects. Lewis intestine transplanted into Lewis X Brown Norway F1 recipients caused fatal graft versus host disease (GVHD) in 9 to 17 days. Treatment with CyA for 7 days failed to prevent GVHD routinely, but prolonged administration delayed fatal GVHD until CyA was discontinued. Intestine from Lewis "B" rats made deficient of T cells by thymectomy, irradiation, and reconstitution with syngeneic T cell-depleted bone marrow failed to cause GVHD in Lewis recipients. Reconstitution of the "B" rats with T cells before transplantation restored the GVHD response. These results may be relevant in the consideration of clinical small intestinal transplantation. PMID- 6611598 TI - Liposomes as immune adjuvants: T cell dependence. AB - The T cell dependence of the immune adjuvant action of liposomes containing the soluble antigens bovine serum albumin (BSA) and chicken immunoglobulin (CIgG) was studied with use of a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure serum antibody levels. Normal BALB/c mice, adult thymectomized mice, and congenitally athymic (nu+/nu+) mice were intravenously inoculated with liposomes containing BSA (Lip-BSA). The high levels of serum anti-BSA antibody that were seen in the normal group were decreased in the adult thymectomized group and were almost completely abrogated in the nu+/nu+ group. Reconstitution of nu+/nu+ mice with normal thymocytes and cortisone-resistant thymocytes led to a partial restoration of the anti-BSA antibody production after Lip-BSA immunization. Examination of the class of immunoglobulin produced in normal mice, immunized with Lip-BSA, showed an early low IgM response and a sustained higher IgG response that was primarily due to the IgG1 subclass. Trypsin removal of BSA exposed on the liposome surface decreased the resulting serum anti-BSA antibody level by 30% to 50%. Animals could be primed equally with a very low dose (0.2 micrograms) of Lip-BSA or with peritoneal macrophages that had phagocytosed the same dose of Lip-BSA. The adjuvant effect of liposomes containing CIgG on the number and type of specific anti-CIgG antibody-producing cells in the spleen was an early increase in IgM-producing cells followed by a substantially higher increase in IgG-producing cells. These observations suggest that liposome encapsulation of a soluble T-dependent antigen stimulates the helper T cell, not the suppressor T cell population, and that this stimulation involves uptake by macrophages. PMID- 6611599 TI - [Clinico-immunological characteristics of the course of systemic scleroderma]. PMID- 6611600 TI - [Clinical significance of cellular immunity indices in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6611602 TI - Inhibitory capacity of alpha 1 antitrypsin in lung secretions: variability and the effect of drugs. AB - The inhibitory function of alpha 1 antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) has been studied in the lung secretions of 31 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis. The inhibitory capacity for a single sample showed a wide range (median 0.13 micrograms porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) inhibited per microgram alpha 1 antitrypsin; range 0-0.55 micrograms), and all but five of 86 samples studied were capable of inhibiting some porcine pancreatic elastase. No sample showed free elastase activity, however. The inhibitory capacity, studied in six patients over five consecutive days, varied daily within the same individual (coefficient of variation 9.0-108.9%). Corticosteroid treatment (40 mg prednisone daily) increased the inhibitory capacity of sputum alpha 1 antitrypsin in 10 patients (2p less than 0.05) from a median value of 0.13 micrograms PPE inhibited per microgram alpha 1AT (range 0.06-0.36) before treatment to 0.22 micrograms PPE inhibited per microgram alpha 1AT (range 0.09-0.65) after treatment. The inhibitory capacity of sputum was higher than in the corresponding bronchoalveolar lavage sample from the same patient (2p less than 0.05; n = 10). The median value for sputum was 0.22 micrograms PPE inhibited per microgram alpha 1AT (range 0-0.55) and the value for lavage fluid was 0.07 micrograms PPE inhibited per microgram alpha 1AT (range 0-0.27). PMID- 6611601 TI - Effect of antibiotic treatment on sputum elastase in bronchiectatic outpatients in a stable clinical state. AB - Broad spectrum antibiotic treatment was given on 21 occasions to 15 patients with bronchiectasis who regularly produced purulent, elastase positive secretions. Although the results showed that sputum clearing--that is, changing from purulent to mucoid--largely depended on the pathogenic organism isolated, this was not exclusively the case and in some cases sputum growing sensitive organisms failed to clear whereas clearing occurred in other samples containing resistant organisms or no obvious pathogens. Clearing of sputum was achieved eventually in 12 of the patients and this was associated with the disappearance of elastase activity, although it returned in 10 patients within one week of stopping treatment. There was no change in sputum elastase where the sputum failed to clear. The clearance of elastase activity was associated with a decrease in protein transudation into the lung secretions. The sputum:serum albumin concentration ratio fell (p less than 0.005) from a mean (SD) of 2.32 (1.56) X 10(-2) in these 12 patients before treatment to 1.09 (0.40) X 10(-2) within the first week of treatment, but rose again to 2.07 (1.29) X 10(-2) within one week of stopping treatment. The results suggest that antibiotic treatment when patients are in a stable state may have a beneficial effect on the pathogenic nature of lung secretions and inflammation within the lung. PMID- 6611603 TI - [Effects of bepridil on heart rate and arterial pressure at rest and during exercise in the healthy subject. Study of relations between effects and plasma concentration]. PMID- 6611604 TI - [Pirprofen hepatitis with a favorable development. Apropos of 5 cases]. PMID- 6611605 TI - Anti-HLA-A2 and -A28 monoclonal antibody: production and study of the cross reaction. AB - An anti-HLA-A2 and -A28 monoclonal antibody, XV.17, has been prepared by immunizing a Balb/c mouse with PBL. This XV.17 monoclonal antibody is a cytotoxic IgM. Its reactivity was tested by lymphocytotoxicity test and indirect immunofluorescence technique, in parallel with an alloantiserum ORA having the same anti-HLA-A2, -A28 reactivity pattern, against different panels. Family studies were undertaken. Absorptions-elutions and cytofluorometry experiments were performed to study the cross-reaction. The XV.17 monoclonal antibody is cytotoxic against all the HLA-A2 and -A28 tested cells, and is absorbed by HLA Aw23 and -Aw24 cell suspensions. PMID- 6611606 TI - Increased frequency of HLA-A1 and -B8 in association with total lack, but not with deficiency of serum IgA. AB - HLA-A, B, C typing was performed on 37 unrelated healthy blood donors with selective deficiency (less than 0.05 g/l) or total lack (less than 0.00002 g/l) of serum IgA. A significant increase in HLA-B8 and A1 antigen frequency was found in the 15 individuals with lack of serum IgA. This was not observed among those 22, who had only deficiency of serum IgA (0.00002-0.05 g/l). The HLA antigen frequencies were compared to those of 900 randomly selected healthy blood donors. Increased frequency of HLA-A1 and B8 in association with total lack of serum IgA, but not with deficiency has not been demonstrated before. On the basis of this result it seems conceivable that lack of serum IgA may be caused by a different, perhaps genetically determined, mechanism than IgA deficiency. PMID- 6611607 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determination of HLA: gene dose effect. AB - In a previous publication we demonstrated that polymorphic HLA antigens could be detected on fresh and dried peripheral blood lymphocytes using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with HLA alloantisera (Bishara et al. 1983). In the present study we investigated whether the ELISA technique can be used in determination of gene-dose effect for antigens of the HLA-A and B loci. Lymphocytes from HLA-A1 and HLA-B14 homozygous individuals are shown to bind significantly more anti-HLA alloantibodies than their heterozygous siblings for the same HLA antigens. These results indicate that ELISA is a sensitive and reliable technique for the qualitative and quantitative assay of polymorphic HLA determinants. PMID- 6611608 TI - Evidence for specific binding carrier of levamisole in lymphocytes and granulocytes. PMID- 6611609 TI - [Fluctuations in indices of the immunological status of healthy persons over a year]. PMID- 6611611 TI - [Use of electropuncture in preparing teeth]. PMID- 6611610 TI - [Allergic and pseudoallergic reactions to novocaine]. PMID- 6611612 TI - [Automated documentation in periodontology. Automated survey of results]. PMID- 6611613 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption in human aging. AB - The oxygen-15 continuous inhalation technique and PET were used to study the age related changes in regional CBF and CMRO2. Twenty-seven patients, aged 19 to 76 years, free of any history of cerebral disease and vascular risk factors were examined in "resting state." CBF, CMRO2 and oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) values were calculated in seven different brain structures as well as in mean gray matter. Left-right ratios were also computed for all symmetrical structures analyzed. Mean gray CBF, but not mean gray CMRO2, decreased linearly with age (p less than 0.02). However, when younger subjects (less than or equal to 50 yrs) were compared to older subjects (greater than 50 yrs), an age-related matched decrease in CBF and CMRO2 was observed in mean gray matter (18% and 17%, p less than 0.05) and in all gray matter regions analyzed, particularly in frontal, temporo-sylvian and parieto-occipital cortex. White matter CBF and CMRO2 remained remarkably stable with advancing age. Although the possibility of methodological artifacts was considered, we favor progressive loss of cortical neurones and/or diminished activity of those remaining to explain our findings. In addition, age related changes in cognitive activities might also be involved. PMID- 6611614 TI - How is colour perceived: the visual pigments of human cones. AB - Microspectrophotometric measurements obtained from individual receptor cells from the enucleated eyes of 8 normal observers and a known deuteranope are presented. In a sample of 147 receptors from seven normal eyes, 39 were rods with peak absorbance (lambda max) at 496 nm, 58 were long-wave with lambda max 558 nm, 45 were middle-wave cones with lambda max 531 nm and 5 were short-wave cones with lambda max 419 nm. There was evidence of bimodality in the distribution of both the long and middle-wave cones, but not in the rods, and a substantial difference in the mean spectral location of the long-wave cones was observed between two patients classified as normal trichromats. Psychophysical determinations of their relative sensitivity to long-wave fields showed a clear difference that proved, both in magnitude and direction, to be that required by the microspectrophotometric results. In a sample of 17 records from the eye of the deuteranope we recorded 5 rods, 2 short-wave cones and 10 long-wave cones, but no middle-wave cones. These results are concordant with psychological results obtained for the patient's remaining eye. PMID- 6611615 TI - Autoimmunity and the outer retina. AB - Structurally and therefore antigenically the retina is a complex tissue. Since it develops as an extension from the neural tube it shares with the brain several cell membranes and cytoplasm associated antigens including those present in neurofilaments of the various neurones and the glial filaments of the astrocytes. The advent of monoclonal antibodies has helped to dissect, in detail, the antigenic makeup of the retina. Nervous system antigens (NS-3, 4 and 7) are generously represented in the retina. At least in the chick eye there seems to be a concentration gradient of retinal antigens along a dorsoventral axis which is believed to provide means by which neurones of developing retinal signal and receive the positional information necessary for the formation of specific synapses. It now seems certain that organ-specific antigens are presented not only in the photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium but also in the retinal ganglion cells and the astrocytes. Photoreceptor outer-segment contains soluble antigens which when injected in rats, rabbits, guinea-pigs or monkeys produce varying degrees of intraocular inflammation leading to uveitis, retinal detachment, photoreceptor degeneration and occasionally retinal vasculitis. Both cell-mediated and humoral immunity to photoreceptor antigen has been demonstrated in various types of uveitis (including toxoplasmosis and sarcoidosis), pars planitis, vitriitis, Behcets disease, sympathetic ophthalmitis, Vogt-Koyanagi Harada syndrome, birdshot retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa and retinal vasculitis. Retinal autoimmunity is also found in retinal detachment and diabetic retinopathy, particularly after Argon laser photocoagulation. Antibodies to retinal antigens are also found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and other systemic immune disorders without ocular involvement. The precise pathogenetic role of retinal autoimmunity in eye disease is therefore uncertain. It may simply represent an epiphenomenon which develops afer retinal damage due to physical, micro-organismal or immunological insult. Alternatively it is possible that although autoimmunity does not initiate ocular inflammation it perpetuates and maintains the inflammatory state and produces further damage to ocular tissues. PMID- 6611616 TI - IgM rheumatoid factors in Guatemalan onchocerciasis. AB - The possible presence of IgM Rheumatoid factors (RF) and anti-DNA antibodies was investigated in sera of patients with Guatemalan onchocerciasis. The mean value of IgM RF in the patients was found to be significantly higher than that in controls and 10 out of 57 patients had increased levels of IgM RF. In addition, serum IgM levels in those 10 patients with increased levels of IgM RF were significantly elevated. In contrast, no significant increase of serum anti-single stranded (ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibodies were found in the patients. PMID- 6611617 TI - Noncytotoxic antibodies to paternal antigens in maternal sera and placental eluates. AB - Noncytotoxic antibodies were detected in sera from 6 of 7 primigravid women during the first trimester of pregnancy. Such antibodies directed to antigens expressed on paternal B lymphocytes were detectable within the first 4-5 weeks of gestation. Antibody activity toward paternal B lymphocytes was also detected in 6 of 10 placental eluates, and in 3 of 10 predelivery and 2 of 10 postdelivery maternal serum samples. When B lymphocytes from umbilical cord blood were used as target cells, antibodies were detected in 5 of 7 placental eluates, and in 3 of 7 predelivery and 2 of 7 postdelivery serum samples. These antibodies also reacted with selected members of a normal B lymphocyte panel. The concept of an immunological enhancing mechanism in normal pregnancy is supported by these data. PMID- 6611618 TI - Blocking by cyclosporine of antigen-induced maturation and lymphokine secretion by cytotoxic T lymphocyte hybridomas. AB - We have investigated the effect of cyclosporin (Cys) on the maturation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), and on the induction of interleukin-2 (IL-2) secretion using two bifunctional CTL hybridomas. Both hybridomas can be stimulated with allogeneic cells to secrete IL-2 and to specifically kill target cells. Cys, at 10-50 ng/ml, eliminates the induction of both functions (secretion and lysis). Although maturation of both specific and lectin-mediated killing by the hybrid cells exhibits high sensitivity to Cys, the actual killing of target cells by previously activated cells is less affected. Our results suggest that pharmacological levels of Cys directly interfere with the antigen-responsiveness of helper-independent cytotoxic T cells, as represented by these hybridomas, and prevent their maturation. PMID- 6611619 TI - Immunology of graft rejection. PMID- 6611620 TI - Cyclosporine A: a tool for analyzing the function of class I MHC antigen-reactive T cells in vivo. PMID- 6611621 TI - Causes of death in lethal rat malaria. AB - The involvement of the brain, lungs and kidneys was studied in a lethal rat malaria. Lewis inbred rats were infected with Plasmodium berghei K173. The disease proved fatal within 10-14 days. Parasitaemia showed an increase of up to 43% parasitised red blood cells on Day 10 p.i. The haematocrit decreased from 50% to 12%. The systolic blood pressure dropped from 99 to 56 mmHg. The lactate dehydrogenase activity rose to 2,543 U/l. BUN and serum creatinine doubled during the course of the disease. The transaminases increased tenfold and the cholinesterase decreased from 943 U/l to 271 U/l. Morphologically the kidneys showed an immune complex glomerulo-nephritis with a normal tubulo-interstitial system. The brain, heart and lungs were normal by light microscopic examination. Marked anaemia and shock were the main causes of death in the above-mentioned specimen rat, showing that the course of the disease is significantly different from lethal infections in humans with Plasmodium falciparum who show severe pulmonary, renal and cerebral complications. PMID- 6611622 TI - Observations of Trichomonas vaginalis infections at the University Teaching Hospital in Calabar, Nigeria. AB - The pattern of Trichomonas vaginalis infections at the Outpatient Clinic of the University Teaching Hospital in Calabar, Nigeria was determined for the two-year period (January 1981 - December 1982). Of the 5520 patients examined in 1981, T. vaginalis was found in 10 males (0.11%) and 57 females (1.03%). Of the 2511 patients examined in 1982, the parasite was found in 27 males (1.07%) and 31 females (1.20%). A few prepubertal cases were observed. The increasing significance of T. vaginalis as a public health problem in this area is discussed. PMID- 6611623 TI - [The role of glycosphingolipids in the immune process]. AB - The paper deals with the role of glycosphingolipids as antigens and receptors of immunocompetent cells as well as modulators of the immune response. Glycosphingolipids are shown to be markers of different immunocompetent cells, serve as receptors of the factor inhibiting the migration of macrophages on their surface, inhibit or stimulate the lymphocyte differentiation, inhibit the cytotoxic-action of natural killers. A possible effect of glycosphingolipids on the immune response during tumour growth is discussed. PMID- 6611624 TI - [Direct thermometry of the pancreas in the postoperative period]. AB - Direct thermometry of the pancreas in 44 patients after operations for carcinoma of the pancreato-duodenal zone or chronic pancreatitis has shown a relationship between temperature of the pancreas stump and the fermentemia degree. Characteristic changes of temperature regimens are observed 5-17 hours earlier than manifestations of clinical symptoms of postoperative pancreatitis make their appearance. PMID- 6611625 TI - [Immunological and bacteriological parallels in acute abscesses and gangrene of the lungs]. AB - The microflora and indices of the cell and humoral immunity were studied in 120 patients with abscesses and gangrene of lungs. In etiology of abscesses and gangrenes of lungs the gram-negative flora was found to prevail. The treatment of such patients should include the outflow of pus and removal of purulent foci, stimulation of the cell and humoral immunity and suppression of factors of autoimmune aggression. PMID- 6611626 TI - [Synthesis and pharmacological properties of alkyl esters of various DL-omega phenylamino acids]. AB - The synthesis of some branched-chain and n-alkyl ester hydrochlorides of DL-2 phenylglycine, DL-3-phenyl-3-aminopropionic acid, DL-4-phenyl-4-aminobutyric acid, DL-phenylalanine and DL-4-phenyl-2-aminobutyric acid is described. For 28 alkyl esters of these DL-amino acids, the pharmacological data about the antagonism against spasms induced by barium chloride, histamine and acetylcholine in the guinea-pig ileum in vitro, as well as about the acute toxicity of intraperitoneally administered doses in the mouse, are reported. Empirical structure-activity relationships established for 36 compounds of this group of substances are discussed. It was found that the maxima of the four actions mentioned depended upon the length of the carbon chain in the molecule. In contrast, no clear-cut branching effect was observed. With reference to toxicity, DL-4-phenyl-2-aminobutyric acid n-octyl ester hydrochloride has been found to be the most favourable spasmolytic agent among the compounds under investigation. PMID- 6611627 TI - Synthesis and CNS-depressant profile of 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl analogues. AB - A series of 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl analogues with varying electronic and stereochemical characteristics has has been synthesized. Many of these compounds (4, 5, 9, 12, 15) showed appreciable potentiation of pentobarbitone-induced hyposis. Several analogues (1, 5, 6, 11, 12, 15) exhibited marked reduction of Spontaneous motor activity (SMA). PMID- 6611628 TI - [Dissolution determination in the rotating flask model. Effect of rotation rate and fluid volume on the solubility determination of standard test tablets in the Resotest dissolution tester]. AB - The influence of two important factors, the rotational speed and the fluid volume within the system, on the release characteristics of prednisone-test tablets in the rotating flask dissolution-tester (Resotest-apparatus after Koch) has been investigated. As a result, standard conditions for dissolution experiments with the rotating flask model, i.e. a mean rotation number of 30 r.p.m. and an actual fluid volume of 500 ml, are proposed. PMID- 6611629 TI - Use of a fractional factorial design to evaluate granulations prepared in a fluidized bed. AB - Sulfadiazine granules were prepared in a fluidized bed granulator. The granulation conditions such as binder concentration, velocity and temperature of fluidizing air, pressure of compressed air and binder solution flow rate were studied at two levels, low and high. By applying fractional factorial design the effect of these granulation conditions as well as the interaction among them, on the granules physical characters were assessed. PMID- 6611630 TI - [Influence of the pressing force on the physical features of sulfathiazole tablets and the dissolution rate of the active ingredient]. AB - When the pressing force increased in the examined system, so did the mechanical firmness of the tablets. A logarithmic connection exists between the pressing force and the compression strength and between the pressing force and the porosity, while the connection between the pressing force and the abrasion loss was a connection of power-function. The changing of the pressing force don't alter significantly the disintegration time of the tablets and the dissolution rate of the drug. However there is a considerable difference between the dissolution rate of the sulfathiazolee-powder and that of the tablets. The binders used in the pressing process were surface-active, therefore they accelerated the dissolution by moistening the surface of the sulfathiazol crystals. PMID- 6611631 TI - [Preparation, properties and therapeutic effect of Daunorubicin-containing liposomes]. AB - Preparation and analytic characterization of uni- and multilamellar lipid vesicles with different lipid composition, charge and size, containing Daunorubicin are described. A critical review is given for the methods of preparation of lipids and other amphiphilic compounds. Variations of the lipid composition, charge and size of the liposomes do not alter the therapeutic effectiveness. PMID- 6611632 TI - [Substituted picolinic acids as DBH inhibitors. Inhibition of dopamine beta hydroxylase and antihypertensive action]. AB - The authors determined the dissociation constant, the constant of copper complex formation, the inhibitory action on the catecholamine biosynthesis enzyme dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH; copper glycoprotein), as well as the antihypertensive effect on spontaneously hypertensive rats of a series of substituted picolinic or fusaric acids (FA; 5-n-butylpicolinic acids). The substances investigated may be characterized as weak to medium-strong acids which form stable copper(II) complexes in solution and in the solid state. The concentrations required for a 50% inhibition of DBH range between 10(-6) and 10( 5) mol/l. The picolinic acid structure is of greater importance to enzyme inhibition than the butylpyridine structure. From the inhibition type of FA it may be deduced that the mechanism of inhibition cannot be explained only by the complex formation of the enzyme copper. Most of these derivatives are of hypotensive activity; some others exert a hypertensive effect. A quantitative correlation between the action on blood pressure and the enzyme inhibition cannot be established without calculation (quantitative structure-activity analysis). The hypotensive activity is above all due to DBH inhibition in the angiovascular region and in the suprarenal gland. PMID- 6611634 TI - [Quantum chemical studies on substituted benzamidines as inhibitors of the serine proteinases trypsin and thrombin]. AB - Substituted benzamidines are competitive inhibitors of trypsin and thrombin. The aim of this work is to find an interpretation for the relation between chemical structure of the inhibitors and the activity on the both enzymes by quantum chemical methods. For the description of the electrostatic interaction between inhibitor and enzyme the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) was used. The interpretation took place with the help of a simple model of reactive groups in the enzyme. The obtained results were discussed and compared with those resulting from CNDO/2--reactivity indices. The application of the MEP shows its advantage to investigations of enzyme-inhibitor interactions. PMID- 6611635 TI - [Effect of preparation and storage on drug release from ointments containing the dissolved drug]. AB - The drug release from an ointment that contains dissolved drug depends on the kind of preparation and on the time of storage. This indicates a relationship between shear treatment (disruption of the gel matrix) and liberation rate. With increasing storage time of the ointment the liberation rate decreases due to the increasing diffusional resistance of the reforming gel matrix. PMID- 6611633 TI - 1-(4-substituted-thiazol-2-yl)hydantoins as anti-inflammatory and CNS-active agents. PMID- 6611636 TI - Studies on thiohydroximic thioesters in combination with pyridine aldoximes in acute organophosphorus poisoning. PMID- 6611637 TI - [Effect of new quaternary ammonium compounds against some bacterial and fungal strains. 8. Synthesis and effect of alkylthiomethylisoquinolinium chlorides]. PMID- 6611638 TI - [Effect of heptacaine hydrochloride on mammalian chromosomes]. PMID- 6611639 TI - Preparation of new [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazines. Part 12: Studies in the field of pyridazine compounds. AB - 6-Substituted-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine-3-methanol, -aldehyde, -nitrile, chloromethyl and -aminomethyl derivatives of potential antihypertensive activity were synthesized. The reduction of methyl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b] pyridazine-3 carboxylate by lithium aluminium hydride and potassium borohydride was examined. The new compounds failed to exhibit hypotensive or antihypertensive effect. Compound 2a was a minor metabolite of GYKI-11679 [7]. PMID- 6611640 TI - [Analysis and stability of suxamethonium chloride. 2: Study of various factors in the stability of suxamethonium chloride injection solutions]. AB - The packing material (glass ampoules and plastic disposable syringes) and the degree of purity of the active agent do not affect the stability of injectable suxamethonium chloride solutions. In contrast to this, the stability was markedly improved by lowering the temperature of storage. Injectable suxamethonium chloride solutions may be stored in plastic disposable syringes. PMID- 6611641 TI - [Analysis and stability of atropine sulfate and scopolamine hydrobromide. 2. Quantitative determination of the alkaloid in its decomposition product; 79. contribution to problems concerning the use of plastic containers for liquid pharmaceuticals]. AB - The authors describe a method which permits, after thin-layer chromatographic separation and elution by means of the Eluchrom apparatus, to determine the tropane alkaloids and apoatropine in the presence of their decomposition products using tropaeolin 00. The recommended method has proved to be superior to other elution variants with regard to accuracy and reproducibility. Detectable amounts (microgram/ml): atropine, 0.4-4.0; scopolamine, 1.2-7.2; apoatropine, 0.8-3,2. PMID- 6611642 TI - [A procedure for testing the permeation of dissolved active agents through polyethylene. 85: Contributions to problems concerning the use of plastic containers for liquid pharmaceutical preparations]. AB - The transfer principle is used for determining the amount of substance that has permeated through polyethylene. The transfer behaviour informs about the permeation of soluted substances contained in polyethylene containers. The permeation increases as the temperature of experiment, the initial concentration of the substance solution and the wall thickness of the container increase. The permeation remains constant at the beginning and decreases with decreasing substance concentration. The permeation percentage depends but little on the initial concentration. The technique described is suitable for studying the permeation behaviour of substances with high vapour pressure. PMID- 6611643 TI - [Blood level kinetics of sodium noramidopyrine methanesulfonate (Analgin) in late pregnancy]. AB - The pharmacokinetic parameters were investigated after a single application of 1,0 g of Analgin to women in labour in comparison with a nonpregnant control group. During the late stage of pregnancy the distribution volume is only slightly increasing. For Analgin a fundamental influence on the level of serum concentration could not be shown. The biological half-life of Analgin shows remarkable individual differences and does not differ significantly between the two investigated groups. Therefore, during pregnancy a change of the applied dose is not indicated. PMID- 6611644 TI - [Absorption of high doses of cyclophosphamide given orally]. PMID- 6611645 TI - The pharmacology of verapamil. V. Tissue distribution of verapamil and norverapamil in rat and dog. AB - The relative distribution of verapamil and its demethylated metabolite, norverapamil, was studied in rats at intervals after intraperitoneal injection of the parent drug (30 mg/kg). This route of drug administration simulated oral drug dosing, and the highest concentrations of both unchanged drug and metabolite were found in the liver, with lung and kidney containing most of the remainder. The rates of disappearance of verapamil from various organs followed first-order kinetics, and the most rapid elimination occurred from brain and liver. In contrast, verapamil was given intravenously to 3 dogs by a bolus-infusion method to produce sustained steady state plasma concentrations (80, 140, 250 ng/ml) for 1, 2, and 3 h. After systemic administration, the lungs contained almost half the tissue verapamil and, 20% was found in kidney, with the liver accounting for only 17%. Norverapamil was not found in plasma or brain. These studies contrast the pattern of tissue distribution of verapamil after different routes of drug administration. The variable rates of drug elimination from specific tissues may explain the differing durations of the drug's observed effects. PMID- 6611646 TI - Effect of cancer chemotherapeutic agents on the chemiluminescence of human granulocytes. AB - 21 unilateral breast cancer patients taking different combinations of chemotherapeutic agents (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 6-fluorouracil, vincristine, and prednisone) were studied to determine how chemotherapy affected their granulocytes. It is widely believed that in cancer patients chemotherapeutic agents increase susceptibility to infection. Therefore, luminol enhanced chemiluminescence was used to evaluate leukocyte function since the chemiluminescence response has been correlated to bacterial killing. the chemiluminescence response in cancer patients (6-week treatment) was significantly reduced (approximately 50%; p less than 0.01) compared to nontreated volunteers. Preliminary studies using 3H-formyl-methionyl-leucyl phenyl alanine binding showed similar decreases. We postulate that chemotherapy for 6 weeks may affect granulocyte precursor cells in bone marrow, thereby weakening peripheral granulocytes and reducing both their bactericidal capacity and 3H-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenyl alanine receptors. PMID- 6611647 TI - New anticonvulsants derived from 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol (Eugenol): comparison with common antiepileptics in mice. AB - The anticonvulsant activity (ED50) of three synthetic eugenol derivatives - phenyleugenol (PE), benzyleugenol (BE), phenylethyleugenol (PEE) - was compared to that of common antiepileptics - diphenyl-hydantoin (DPH), phenobarbital (PB), diazepam (DZ) - and the naturally occurring methyleugenol (ME) in the maximal electroshock seizure (MES) test and the subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol-induced minimal seizure (s.c. PTZ) test. Neurotoxicity (ND50) and lethality (LD50) were determined in order to evaluate the protective index (PI = ND50/ED50) and the therapeutic index (TI = LD50/ED50). BE, PE and PEE are shown to be effective anticonvulsants by the MES test in mice with PIs equal to or higher than that of PB and DZ. Furthermore, BE and PEE were significantly more potent in rats than in mice. Experiments on ;the duration of protection revealed an immediate onset, a steady decline within the following 4 h and reappearance of activity 6-8 h after injection of PE, BE, and PEE but not ME. In the s.c. PTZ test in mice, the eugenol derivatives were active in increasing the latency to the first minimal seizure but less active in its prevention. As to the TIs, PEE showed a smaller margin of safety by the two tests than BE and PE. The latter compounds have high LD50s and consequently high TIs. PMID- 6611648 TI - Drug antagonism studied on frog flexor reflex and on mouse motility. AB - This study concerns the effects of strychnine and caffeine on ethanol, pentobarbital and atropine-induced depression of mouse motility and of frog spinal reflex. Competitive antagonism was found for the interaction between caffeine and ethanol, caffeine and pentobarbital, strychnine and atropine and strychnine and pentobarbital. The same kind of interaction was found in the mouse motility and in the frog spinal reflex. An attempt is made to interpret the biochemical basis of the competitive antagonisms. The antagonism between strychnine and atropine may be explained taking into account the presynaptic action of atropine and the antagonism between strychnine and pentobarbital is in agreement with a GABAergic action of the barbiturates. PMID- 6611649 TI - Enzymatic reduction of chloramphenicol and nitrosochloramphenicol by rat liver microsomal preparations. AB - Chloramphenicol (CAP) and nitrosochloramphenicol (NO-CAP) were metabolically reduced to aromatic amines by rat liver microsomes in vitro. The reduction required anaerobic conditions and was mediated by a NADPH-dependent reductase system. Both CAP and NO-CAP reduction were time and concentration dependent. Compared to CAP, NO-CAP (0.5 mM) reduction was rapid with complete conversion occurring in 90-120 min. At 2.5 mM NO-CAP reduction was depressed. In the presence of NO-CAP (0.05-2.5 mM) CAP metabolism was inhibited from 17 to 91%. These results indicate that CAP and NO-CAP are metabolized by similar microsomal reductase systems and NO-CAP is unstable, readily reduced further to the aromatic amine. PMID- 6611650 TI - Determination of isoxsuprine in human plasma by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. AB - A rapid and sensitive gas chromatographic method for the determination of the beta-adrenergic agent isoxsuprine in human plasma has been developed. The procedure involves the extraction of the drug with ether and an internal standard (propranolol) from plasma at alkaline pH, solvent evaporation, and the formation of a tri-trifluoroacetyl derivative by reaction with trifluoroacetic anhydride in ethyl acetate. Analyses were carried out by gas-liquid chromatography on a 3% OV 17 column using an electron capture detector. The minimum detectable amount of isoxsuprine was 0.5 ng/ml of plasma and the electron capture detector response was tested to be linear (r2 greater than 0.999) between 0.5 and 20 ng/ml. No interferences from endogenous substances were found. Precision of the method was found to be 9.9, and 6.1% coefficient of variation at 1 ng/ml and 10 ng/ml of plasma, respectively. Determination of isoxsuprine at the nanogram level in cord plasma samples from newborns at the time of the delivery was possible using the described procedure. PMID- 6611651 TI - Effect of baclofen enantiomorphs on the spinal trigeminal nucleus and steric similarities of carbamazepine. AB - The seemingly structurally different drugs, baclofen and carbamazepine, have a similar neurophysiologic effect on the cat spinal trigeminal nucleus and a similar clinical effect in the amelioration of trigeminal neuralgia pain. In this investigation, we report on the enhancement of segmental inhibition by carbamazepine and l-baclofen; d-baclofen produced no effect on segmental inhibition. Doses of l-baclofen one fifth its equivalent racemic dosage produced a much greater enhancement of segmental inhibition. d-Baclofen, when given prior to l-baclofen, blocked the effect of l-baclofen on segmental inhibition and the unconditioned response at previously effective doses. Pretreatment with d baclofen also blocked the effect of subsequent carbamazepine on segmental inhibition, but had no effect on the unconditioned response. Crystallographic evaluation of carbamazepine and the enantiomorphs of baclofen revealed a surprisingly good fit of baclofen isomers to moieties of the carbamazepine molecule. The results suggest that the baclofen enantiomorphs and carbamazepine have a common mechanism of action in the cat spinal trigeminal nucleus, and that d-baclofen, though inactive, is capable of interfering with the effect of l baclofen and to a lesser extent with carbamazepine. PMID- 6611652 TI - The binding of chemically different psychotropic drugs to alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. AB - The clinical significance of the high-affinity binding of psychotropic compounds to alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1-AGP) in human serum has not been established yet. However, this binding may be of considerable theoretical interest since glycoproteins play a prominent role in the structure of cell membranes. In order to elucidate the nature of the binding to alpha 1-AGP several typical psychotropic compounds (diazepam, haloperidol, imipramine, perazine, phenobarbital and phenytoin) were investigated by means of equilibrium dialysis. The results suggest that among the classical CNS-drugs only those with a tricyclic structure are bound to two binding sites. Possible reason for the widely differing binding of a series of drugs are discussed in terms of their different chemical structure. PMID- 6611653 TI - Effect of a putative antidepressant, Rolipram, on the circadian running wheel activity of a day-active chipmunk, Eutamias sibiricus. AB - Siberian chipmunks (Eutamias sibiricus) were kept individually in small cages attached to a running wheel. Under continuous illumination of two different light intensities (0.4-0.9 lux and 400-1200 lux) the influence of Rolipram, a putative new antidepressant, on the period length tau was tested. Under both conditions Rolipram caused a lengthening of tau, a decrease of activity time alpha and an increase of rest time delta, resulting in a decrease of the alpha/delta ratio. These effects of Rolipram could be due to a slowing down of the circadian oscillatory system or an influence on the sensitivity towards light. PMID- 6611654 TI - Optimum detector spatial resolution for discriminating between tumour uptake distributions in scintigraphy. AB - The optimum detector spatial resolution has been determined for a scintigraphic decision task in which the observer must discriminate between two different distributions of radioactivity in tumours. The two kinds of tumour used are: (i) a solid sphere of increased uptake relative to background, and (ii) a thin spherical shell with high uptake in the shell and no radioactivity within the shell. Both tumours are embedded at the same depth within a cylinder of tissue equivalent material containing a uniform distribution of radioactivity. On the basis of statistical decision theory, the optimum detector spatial resolution for discriminating between the two tumour activity distributions is predicted. The result of an observer performance experiment substantially agreed with the theoretical prediction, though some discrepancy was found, apparently due to a decrease in observer efficiency at poorer spatial resolution. The experimental result suggests that the optimum FWHM of detector spatial response for the discrimination task considered is about 65% of the tumour radius. PMID- 6611655 TI - Calculation of x-ray single scattering in diagnostic radiology. AB - Single-scattered energy has been calculated for a water phantom, in a geometrical arrangement that approaches that of the dynamic spatial reconstructor. Recent data on the Rayleigh differential cross-sections of liquid water have been used. The ratio for single-scattered to transmitted radiation is found to be dependent upon incident energy: in the range 20 to 80 ke V, it varies from 0.32 to 0.16. The contribution of the Rayleigh effect to single scattering is of the order of 90% at 20 ke V and 50% at 80 ke V. PMID- 6611656 TI - The effect of photon scatter and consequent electron build-up in air on the calculation of dose equivalent quantities in the ICRU sphere for photon energies from 0.662 to 10 MeV. AB - A Monte Carlo computer program, DEIPHOS has been modified and employed to calculate depth-dose distributions within the 30 cm diameter ICRU tissue equivalent sphere for initially parallel beams of photons (0.662 to 10 MeV) when the sphere is in an air medium. Dose equivalent values are computed as the sum of two contributions, the dose equivalent when the sphere is in vacuo and the dose equivalent from scattered photons and the corresponding electrons and positrons produced in an air column in front of the sphere. The dimensions of the air cylinder required to attain full electronic equilibrium were derived for each photon energy. The calculation of absorbed dose to air in air is described. Dose equivalents at 300 and 1000 mg cm-2 depths, the restricted dose equivalent indices, the average dose equivalent in the sphere as well as depth-dose equivalent and angle-dose equivalent distributions are presented, normalised both to fluence and absorbed dose to air. PMID- 6611657 TI - Modified general cavity theory applied to the calculation of gamma dose in 60Co thermoluminescence dosimetry. AB - Burlin's general cavity theory for intermediate sized cavities incorporated two weighting factors: d, the average reduction in the electron fluence from the medium inside the cavity, and 1 - d, the average fractional build-up to equilibrium of the cavity-generated electron spectrum--both calculated for an average path length g of electrons crossing the cavity. A new weighting factor d' has been introduced expressing the fact that average path length for medium- and cavity-generated electrons are not equal and this leads to a modified general cavity expression. The new expression is applied to 60Co thermoluminescence dosimetry experimental results of other workers. For LiF TLD in all the media agreement with experiment is improved. There is a significant dependence of the theoretical results on the effective mass attenuation coefficient, indicating the need for further studies. PMID- 6611658 TI - Effect of collimators on the measurement of diagnostic x-ray spectra. AB - One of the difficulties in the measurement of diagnostic x-ray spectra is the high fluence rate of the photons, which may exceed the capability of the spectrometer system. Pinhole collimators are often used which reduce the count rate to an acceptable level. The measured spectrum, however, may be distorted due to the penetration of photons through the collimator material. In this study, the effects of collimators on the measured spectra were evaluated. As an indicator of collimator performance, we determined the transmission equivalent aperture (TEA), through which a portion of the incident photons impinge on the detector. The dependence of the TEA on the geometry of collimation, pinhole area, collimator material and thickness, detector area and incident x-ray energy was investigated. The penetration correction factors (PCF) for the measured spectra were also derived. We obtained good correspondence between the theoretical spectra and the measured spectra which were corrected for collimator penetration by means of the calculated PCFS. Our results indicate that diagnostic x-ray spectra generated at high tube current can be measured if one uses a collimator with a small aperture together with its PCF. PMID- 6611659 TI - Microwave dielectric properties of normal and homozygous beta-thalassemic erythrocytes. PMID- 6611660 TI - Electromyographic biofeedback applications to the hemiplegic patient. Changes in upper extremity neuromuscular and functional status. AB - The effect of a specific EMG biofeedback treatment protocol on quantified changes in neuromuscular measures and functional activities was examined among the upper extremities of 22 chronic stroke patients who each received 60 feedback training sessions. These data were compared with changes measured from a Control Group of 9 (no treatment) patients. Those patients receiving feedback training showed significant improvements in numerous neuromuscular measures but not in functional measures. When the Experimental Group was subdivided into two groups (hand, n = 5; no hand, n = 17) on the basis of acquiring a specific hand function, significant pretreatment differences in neuromuscular status emerged. Based upon these pretreatment differences and outcome measures, characteristics possibly predictive of beneficial outcomes from EMG biofeedback training were exposed. Chronic stroke patients who gained maximal functional benefits from the biofeedback intervention initially had greater active range of motion at all major upper extremity joints and comparatively less hyperactivity within typically "spastic" muscles. Electromyographic biofeedback can lead to substantial improvements among select chronic stroke patients and can be of considerable functional benefit to others. PMID- 6611661 TI - Electromyographic biofeedback applications to the hemiplegic patient. Changes in lower extremity neuromuscular and functional status. AB - The efficacy of EMG biofeedback in improving neuromuscular and functional measures of involved lower extremities in an Experimental Group of chronic stroke patients (n = 7) was examined. Differences in pretreatment-posttreatment measures of the Experimental Group were compared with those of groups of chronic stroke patients receiving no treatment (n = 6), biofeedback treatment of the involved upper extremity only (n = 16), and general relaxation training (n = 8). All examinations were performed in a blind fashion. The Experimental Group showed significant improvement in active range of motion at the knee and ankle that appeared to result from increases in EMG output to muscles governing these movements. Experimental patients did not improve substantially in walking speed over different terrains but did require significantly fewer or less complex assistive devices to walk. Limitations in the design and implementation of this study are provided, and suggestions for future investigation are offered. PMID- 6611663 TI - Limits of two-point discrimination ability in the lower limb in young adult men and women. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the limits of two-point discrimination ability in the lower limb in a sample of healthy, young adult men and women. Eleven different areas of skin were tested with a commercially available compass type instrument to determine the shortest distance at which two simultaneously applied, nonpainful, light-touch stimuli could be perceived. Mean two-point discrimination values in the lower limb ranged from 43.6 mm for skin overlying the medial surface of the leg to 6.6 mm on the plantar surface of the tip of the great toe. The results also demonstrated interindividual variation in two-point discrimination for a given area of skin. In the majority of skin areas tested, mean values obtained from men and women were essentially the same. In several of the test areas, however, women were significantly better than men in their two point discrimination ability. The observed intraindividual and interindividual variation suggests that although two-point testing is a useful clinical tool, caution is necessary when interpreting the results from patients with alterations in cutaneous sensibility. PMID- 6611662 TI - Development of a scoring system for the Milani-Comparetti and Gidoni method of assessing neurologic abnormality in infancy. AB - This article reports the results of using a scoring system designed for the Milani-Comparetti and Gidoni method of neurologic examination of infants. The system was used in the assessment of 999 infants from the neonatal intensive care units affiliated with the Medical College of Wisconsin. The sample included all neonates who spent more than five days in the units from 1975 to 1978. Full assessments were conducted at 6 months and at 15 to 16 months corrected gestational age; additional assessments were scheduled by the physical therapists. For data analyses, the scores from the Milani-Comparetti and Gidoni method were summed; infants were subdivided into normal, transiently abnormal, and abnormal on the basis of the summed scores. Abnormal infants were further categorized on the basis of all information available. Several data analyses were performed to test the contribution of each item in separating normal, transiently abnormal, and abnormal infants and in distinguishing one type of abnormality from another. We conclude that the scoring system is useful in quantifying the degree of abnormality, in separating normality from abnormality, and in distinguishing among types of abnormality. PMID- 6611664 TI - Straight-leg-raising test. Comparison of three instruments. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare three instruments in the assessment of the passive straight-leg-raising test: a standard plastic goniometer, a flexometer, and a tape measure. Hip flexion angles at the initial point of pelvic tilt were measured in 10 healthy subjects. All three methods showed excellent intrasession reliability with alpha coefficients greater than .94. The intersession reliabilities were identical for the goniometer and the flexometer (.88) and were higher than the reliability of the tape measure (.74). The tape measure had improved intersession reliability (.93) when a distance was used for calculation of the angle. Significantly lower hip flexion angles were obtained with the trigonometric method through use of tape measures than from use of either of the other two instruments. The flexometer is recommended for use in assessment of passive straight leg raise because it permits measurement by a single therapist without assistance. PMID- 6611665 TI - An electromyographic analysis of quadriceps femoris muscle setting and straight leg raising. AB - Physical therapists routinely advise patients to perform quadriceps femoris muscle setting or straight leg raising or both following knee surgery or trauma from knee injury. Little information exists, however, about the intensity of effort required from knee and hip musculature during the exercises. This study was designed to compare the level of electromyographic activity during maximally resisted straight leg raises with the level during quadriceps femoris muscle setting exercises for the vastus medialis, rectus femoris, gluteus medius, and biceps femoris muscles. Forty healthy young adult men and women performed randomly ordered trials of each exercise in the supine position. Electromyographic activity was recorded from surface electrodes and normalized to values derived from maximal isometric trials. Statistical analysis demonstrated significantly greater (p less than .0001) vastus medialis, biceps femoris, and gluteus medius muscle activity during quadriceps femoris muscle setting. The rectus femoris muscle was significantly more active (p less than .0001) during the straight leg raise. The study demonstrated remarkably different muscle activation levels between the exercises studied and clearly indicates that selection of the exercises needs to be based on the therapeutic objectives. PMID- 6611666 TI - The acute cervical joint lock. AB - The purpose of this article is to describe a method for assessing and treating patients with acute cervical joint lock. The assessment method enables the therapist to differentiate between acute cervical joint lock and spondylosis or acute cervical joint sprain. Treatment by mobilization or manipulation or both according to the Maitland approach is described. The contraindications to this type of treatment are described, and the efficacy of the Maitland approach is supported. PMID- 6611667 TI - A positional biofeedback device for sitting balance. Suggestion from the field. PMID- 6611668 TI - Some photophysical properties of 3-carbethoxypsoralen, 8-methoxypsoralen and 5 methoxypsoralen triplet states. PMID- 6611669 TI - Comparison of action spectra for acute cutaneous responses to ultraviolet radiation: man and albino hairless mouse. PMID- 6611670 TI - Quantitative evaluation of ultraviolet induced erythema. PMID- 6611671 TI - Amplification of photodynamic effects by the synergistic action of UV-B and tryptophan. PMID- 6611672 TI - A dye laser source of monochromatic UV-B and UV-C radiations for biological action spectroscopy. PMID- 6611673 TI - Distortions in laser flash photolysis absorption measurements. The overlap problem. PMID- 6611674 TI - Recent developments in the excited states of nucleic acids. PMID- 6611675 TI - Cutaneous photobiology. PMID- 6611676 TI - Wiggers Award Lecture. Hunting the wild vagus. PMID- 6611677 TI - From whence cometh future physiologists? PMID- 6611678 TI - Integrative physiology: on mapping the organism. PMID- 6611679 TI - Analysis of physiological systems via mathematical models. PMID- 6611680 TI - Trends in physiology teaching laboratories for medical students--1982. PMID- 6611681 TI - Oxygen radicals and the microcirculation. A symposium presented at the Microcirculatory Society, New Orleans, Louisiana, April 24, 1982. PMID- 6611682 TI - Role of oxygen radicals in the pathogenesis of intestinal ischemia. PMID- 6611683 TI - Free oxygen radicals in cerebral vascular responses. PMID- 6611684 TI - Mechanisms of hyperoxic injury to the pulmonary microcirculation. PMID- 6611685 TI - The 34th annual fall meeting of the American Physiological Society and the International Conference on Hydrogen Ion Transport in Epithelia. Honolulu, Hawaii, August 20-24, 1983. Abstracts. PMID- 6611686 TI - Proceedings of the symposium Teaching Cardiovascular Physiology outside the Lecture Hall. The 33rd Annual Fall Meeting of the American Physiological Society with The Latin American Association of Physiological Sciences, October 12, 1982 San Diego, California. PMID- 6611687 TI - Reminder abolishes impairment of learning induced by paradoxical sleep retardation. AB - Rats were submitted to one daily trial in a relatively complex maze. When sleep was delayed (by the water tank technique) for 180 min after each trial, learning was impaired. A reminder treatment (90 sec exposure to contextual cues) immediately before each trial, counteracted the effects of sleep deprivation. The reminder did not in itself contain sufficient information to facilitate performance of non sleep delayed animals. These results suggest that a retrieval failure is involved in memory impairment caused by post-learning paradoxical sleep deprivation. PMID- 6611688 TI - Early development in mice: I. Genotype and post-natal maternal effects. AB - The co-actions of genetic effects and the post-natal maternal rearing environment on the development of weight, 9 reflex responses, and survival have been tested by the cross-fostering method in two inbred mice strains--CBA/H and NZB. Pups of the two strains were not treated differentially by the mothers and experimental handling did not systematically affect pup development. Comparisons of unfostered, infostered, and cross-fostered pups show (1) in 16 cases out of 34, reflex development was affected by the pup strain, and in 10 cases out of 34 by the foster mother strain; (2) survival is only affected by the pup strain; (3) weight development is affected by strain of both the pup and the mother as well as their interactions. The adopted pups' scores were situated outside the range of the two non-adopted groups for certain reflexes as well as for weight. Two non exclusive hypotheses are proposed: the mother strain can affect pup development (1) either through differences in stimulation provided by the mothers (2) or through differences in milk composition. PMID- 6611690 TI - Eating as a function of body weight and of hours deprivation. AB - Five pigeons were allowed one hour of access to food after variable intervals of deprivation averaging 23 hours. Five other pigeons were allowed one hour of food after fixed 23 hour intervals. It was found that the amount eaten by birds in an environment continually alternating between deprivation and one-hour ad lib feeding could be better predicted as a linear function of their body weights than as a 2nd degree polynomial function of the number of hours they were deprived. PMID- 6611689 TI - Saccharin preferences in food deprived aging rats are altered as a function of perinatal drug exposure. PMID- 6611691 TI - Selective suppression of judged sweetness by ziziphins. AB - The effects of ziziphins and of control treatments upon judgments by human adults of the sweetness, sourness, bitterness, and saltiness of American apple cider or apple juice were measured with a category estimation method during repeated trials before, during (90 sec treatment duration only), and after, treatment. Sweetness was reduced after either a 10 sec or a 90 sec whole mouth treatment with ziziphins, but not after quinine sulfate or apple juice control treatment. No differences in after-treatment sourness, bitterness, or saltiness occurred between treatments. The reduction in sweetness was weak with 10 sec 3.5% W/V ziziphins treatment, but strong after 90 sec 0.88% W/V ziziphins treatment; duration of suppression was ca. 70 sec. The mechanism was identified as taste modification since adaptation, cross-adaptation, and mixture suppression were eliminated by control treatments and by post-treatment rests and rinse. Comparisons with known gymnemic acids effects suggest that net dissociation of ziziphins from taste receptor membranes and/or inactivation in the membrane may be much faster than with gymnemic acids. PMID- 6611692 TI - Host genetics and the behavioral sequelae to herpes encephalitis in mice. AB - The effects of intracerebral infection with herpes simplex virus on the subsequent behavior of two strains of mice were examined. Infected Nya:NYLAR mice were hyperactive and did not show any deficits in the acquisition or reversal of a spatial learning task. In contrast, infected Nya:(SW) mice were hypoactive and made more errors than controls during both phases of the learning tasks. These differences in the nature of the sequelae to infection were related to an overall higher virus titer in the brains of Nya:(SW) mice, an effect particularly marked in the cerebral hemispheres. The results suggest that herpes encephalitis may produce a variety of behavioral syndromes, depending in part on the genetic background of the host. The relevance of these findings to clinical disorders produced by viral infection is discussed. PMID- 6611693 TI - The role of crossed and uncrossed optic pathways mediating black-white discrimination in rats with one eye enucleated at birth. AB - It has been reported that rats with one eye enucleated at birth (OEB) are able to relearn a black-white discrimination task originally learned with both the visual cortices intact faster than rats monocularly enucleated at three months of age (OET) when relearning is made after the visual cortex contralateral to the remaining eye is destroyed. Two experiments examined the hypothesis that functional enhancement of uncrossed optic pathways produced by monocular enucleation at birth might be the sole factor to produce such a phenomenon. The results showed that faster relearning in OEBs could not be totally explained by the hypothesis, and suggest that only when (1) there is a learning effect in the visual cortex ipsilateral to the remaining eye produced by interaction of visual information through the callosal fibers with an increased amount of information through uncrossed optic pathways during original learning and (2) relearning is mediated by enhanced functioning of uncrossed optic pathways, would such phenomenon be produced. PMID- 6611694 TI - Pulse modulated and continuous wave microwave radiation yield equivalent changes in operant behavior of rodents. AB - Long-Evans rats were trained to the point of stable performance on a multicomponent (fixed-ratio, timeout) operant task. Different groups were exposed to continuous wave (CW) and to pulse modulated (PM) microwave radiation (MWR) during daily three-hour behavioral sessions. The rates of responding under actual and sham exposure conditions were noted. With comparable MWR dose rates, CW and PM MWR (5.8 and 6.7 mW/g, respectively) were equally effective in reducing response rates during both the fixed-ratio and the timeout components of the operant sessions. Dose rates of this order were associated with an elevation in body temperature of 0.5 to 1.0 degrees C. At 3.6 mW/g, whereas the mean rates of fixed-ratio responding were unchanged, the rates of responding during timeout were reduced significantly. Again, CW and PM MWR yielded essentially equivalent results. This MWR dose rate was not accompanied by a measurable increment in whole body temperature. It appears that (1) fixed-ratio operant responding of rats for food reward was more robust, that is, less subject to suppression by concurrent exposure to MWR than was bar-pressing during timeout, (2) PM and CW MWR, especially at the higher dose rate, effectively enhanced operant control over timeout responding and (3) the equivalent effects of CW and PM MWR support the hypothesis of a thermal basis for their effect despite the apparent inability to detect changes in whole body temperature. PMID- 6611695 TI - Effects of restricted daily feeding on freerunning circadian rhythms in rats. AB - Male rats were kept in conditions of constant dim illumination and alternately fed ad lib or for 2 or 4 hr per day only. Locomotor activity was recorded as wheel running and as activity in the cage by a microphone system. At selected days before, during and after restricted feeding (RF) blood samples were taken from the tail in 4-hr intervals for the determination of plasma corticosterone. Under both schedules of RF, the circadian rhythms of activity and of plasma corticosterone continued to freerun without significant changes in period or phase while the feeding times were anticipated by increases in activity and in plasma corticosterone. After the termination of RF, the anticipatory components persisted for several days and merged into the freerunning rhythms through transients. The results support the concept of two systems with oscillatory capacities: the freerunning system which is driven by a pacemaker and not affected by RF, and the anticipatory system which can be uncoupled from the freerunning system by an entraining feeding cycle. PMID- 6611696 TI - Palatability and meal patterns. AB - Investigations of palatability have often been confounded by nutritional, pharmacological or methodological problems. The present experiment examined the free-feeding meal patterns of two differentially preferred yet nutritionally equivalent diets. When the two diets were offered sequentially (Experiment 1), no differences were found in meal frequency, meal size, or meal duration. However, when the diets were offered simultaneously in Experiment 2, the preferred diet was consumed more frequently, in larger meals, and at a faster feeding rate than the less preferred diet. Further, the meal patterns in Experiment 2 of the preferred diet were identical with those found for both diets in Experiment 1. Therefore, the meal patterns of two diets with differing palatability depend upon the method of presentation with differences appearing when the diets are offered simultaneously but not when they are offered sequentially. PMID- 6611697 TI - Determinants of mother-young contact in Norway rats. AB - Rat dams choose to care for their pups in a relatively warm area, apparently because they have an elevated thermal set point for the regulation of their body temperature. Since the duration of their contact bouts with their pups is limited by an acute hyperthermia that they experience while on the pups, their choice limits the time that they can spend with their pups. When dams could choose the temperature at which they cared for their young they spent only about half the time in contact with their offspring as did dams caring for their pups at the ambient temperature of the laboratory. We conclude that rat dams do not attempt to maximize the duration of their contact bouts with their offspring. Dams also do not attempt to minimize the amount of time that they spend away from their offspring. The duration of the intervals between contact bouts was influenced by the ability of the dams to dissipate the heat gained during the contact bout with the pups. Again, dams did not seek out a cool area in which to spend their interbout intervals, preferring to remain in relatively warm areas. Their thermal preference facilitated the retention of their body heat and prolongation of the interbout intervals. Dams may return to the nest periodically for brief bouts during which the state of the pups is monitored. Pups were found to play both passive and active roles in modulating the overall pattern of maternal contact, for dams maintained contact with pups if the pups were cool, but failure to attach to the nipples soon after contact was established frequently led to rapid bout termination, particularly with warm pups. Contact is maintained if the pups are cool or if they attach to the nipples. Finally, it was found that pups could actively curtail interbout intervals by emitting ultrasonic vocalizations. PMID- 6611698 TI - Energetic limits on reproduction: interaction of thermal and dietary factors. AB - The time that food-restricted Norway rat dams spent in contact with their offspring was elevated only during that portion of the day in which their body temperatures were depressed. These data support a thermal model for the limitation of mother-young contact. The depression in maternal body temperature appeared to be due to a direct limitation on available fuel, rather than being mediated by a depression in circulating hormone levels. PMID- 6611699 TI - Energetic limits on reproduction: maternal food intake. AB - We examined the factors influencing maternal food intake and pup growth in Norway rats. Mother rats allowed pups in naturally large litters to grow at a slower rate than pups in naturally small litters. Pups reared by dams in a warm ambience (26 degrees C) gained weight more slowly than dams at 22 degrees C, and maternal food intake but not weight gain was depressed in the high ambient temperature. Pup growth at 18 degrees C was unimpaired, with those dams eating no more and gaining no less weight than dams at 22 degrees C. Nest material, however, was found to be essential for the successful rearing of young at cooler ambient temperatures. While restriction of food during gestation resulted in a marginally lower weight gain for the pups during the first 2 weeks postpartum, the dams appeared not to mobilize corporal stores or increase their food intake during lactation. Heavy body weight mothers did not eat any more, nor did they gain any less weight nor rear larger pups than light body weight dams. Rat mothers increased their consumption of a diet diluted with non-nutritive fiber to equal the nutritive intake their controls, with their pups not differing in their growth rate. Pups reared by dams eating a high quality diet grew faster than pups with dams on the control diet. Food intake by mother rats is required during lactation relative to the amount of milk that is delivered to the pups, rather than to an absolute amount of food. Lactating females with a concurrent pregnancy neither increase their food intake nor appear to mobilize their corporal stores to deal with the added energetic drain of pregnancy. Indeed, their young grew somewhat more quickly than pups nursed by dams that were simply lactating. Taken as a whole, these results suggest that Norway rat dams apparently do not monitor and defend a maximal pup growth rate. Rather, rat dams seem to continue to defend their own homeostasis, and by doing so, allow the young to grow and survive under a wide variety of circumstances. PMID- 6611700 TI - The effects of lactation and ambient temperature on the body temperature of female Norway rats. AB - Norway rat dams were placed in an ambient temperature of 4 degrees C, 22 degrees C, or 28 degrees C. Body temperatures were recorded over a two hour period on three days; each female was observed on Day 4 and Day 10 of lactation and three days after lactation was stopped. Body temperatures were initially higher during lactation than after lactation had stopped. Dams were less able to maintain their body temperatures in the 28 degrees C ambience on Day 4 of lactation than after lactation, and on Day 10 of lactation, were even less able to maintain their body temperatures than on Day 4. During lactation, dams were able to maintain and even increase their body temperatures in the 4 degrees C ambience. The data support the hypothesis that the acute hyperthermia encountered by rat dams during contact with their litters may be due to a physical restriction on maternal heat loss. PMID- 6611701 TI - Effects of voluntary exercise on sexual behavior in female rats. AB - In two experiments, ovariectomized rats given access to activity wheels showed significantly higher lordosis ratings following estradiol treatment than animals maintained in individual hanging cages. Estrogen-induced decreases in body weight also were greater in wheel-housed animals. We suggest that access to running wheels may alter responsiveness to estradiol. PMID- 6611702 TI - Aortic occlusion by a balloon catheter: a method to induce hind limb rigidity in rats. AB - Post-ischaemic spinal extensor or flexor rigidity can be induced in different species by clamping or ligature of the descending aorta after thoracotomy or laparotomy. A similar motor deficit can also be induced by an intraluminal aortic occlusion produced by inflation of a balloon attached to the tip of a catheter inserted via the femoral artery. This method is easy to perform and avoids all the possible complications of thoracotomy or laparotomy. In rats the occlusion time for obtaining the maximum percentage of animals exhibiting a permanent hind limb extensor (62.5%) or flexor (12.5%) rigidity was 15-16 minutes. A marked depression of hind limb sensory perception accompanied this rigidity but there were no urinary, bowel or skin disturbances. The unilateral femoral ligation following the catheterization did not induce a difference in muscle tone between both hind limbs. The present procedure which is simpler than other published procedures might thus serve as a useful animal model for spastic paraplegia. PMID- 6611703 TI - An improved technique for monitoring the drinking behavior of mice. AB - A set of calibrated lickometers provides continuous, quantitative monitoring of fluid consumption. It has been used in our laboratory at four levels of temporal resolution: 24 hr, 1 hr, 6 min, and for counting of individual licks. Convenient features are mounting of the licking tube-bottle assembly on the cage top (which permits the use of disposable plastic cages with litter) and automated collection of data with microcomputers. PMID- 6611704 TI - Do differences develop in the electrogenesis of action potentials of the right and left ventricle of the guinea-pig heart during postnatal development. AB - Using the glass microelectrodes technique we measured the duration of action potentials (DAP) of the working myocardium of both ventricles in newborn and adult guinea-pigs in the steady state during stimulation with different frequencies and after a pause lasting 10--600 s. The resting membrane potential (RMP) value in the myocardium of newborn and adult animals was the same (85.3 mV and 86.3 mV respectively). The DAP of the right ventricular myocardium of newborn guinea-pigs was longer than in the left ventricle (p less than 0.02). Postnatally the action potentials (AP) of the left ventricular myocardium lengthened significantly, but the increase in the DAP of the right ventricular myocardium was very small, so that in adulthood the AP of the left ventricular myocardium were longer than those of the right ventricle (p less than 0.01). The frequency sensitivity of the guinea-pig myocardium was similar to the frequency sensitivity of the dog or cat myocardium; in both the neonatal and the adult myocardium it had the same character, but was quantitatively more pronounced in adult animals. An increase in the stimulation frequency from 0.5 Hz to 5 Hz slightly depressed the RMP. The first AP after the pause was longer and was proportional to the logarithm of the duration of the resting period. The effect of the pause was more noticeable in the myocardium of adult animals. Recovery of the AP from the effects of the pause was slow during stimulation with 1 Hz frequency and probably corresponded to recovery of intracellular calcium balance relationships. The results not only show dissimilarity of the neonatal and adult myocardium, but are also evidence of ontogenetically dependent differences in the character of electrogenesis in the left and right ventricular myocardium. PMID- 6611705 TI - Influence of motor activity on the development of isoprenaline induced heart lesions. AB - The influence of spontaneous motor activity on the development of isoprenaline induced heart lesions was studied in male rats of different ages. The extent of the lesions was evaluated quantitatively from raised accumulation of 203HgCl2 in the damaged tissue. Spontaneous activity in rotation cages rose with the animals, age and attained maximum values (6 562 m/d) at 3 months. The increase in motor activity in 10 months was very low and attained only 561 m/d. In all the experimental groups in which spontaneous activity was higher than this limit, a decrease in the cardiotoxic effect of isoprenaline was found after 2--3 weeks. The extent of the heart lesions in the individual animals was not proportional to the degree of their motor activity. The smallest myocardial damage was not found in animals which ran the most metres and vice versa. A marked decrease in the extent of the heart lesions occurred when the motor regimen was prolonged to 70 days. After a three days' break in the motor regimen, reduction of the cardiotoxic effect was still maintained. The extent of the heart lesions after 14 days' interruption corresponded to the values found in animals which were not allowed increased motor activity. PMID- 6611706 TI - The number, distribution and size of Golgi tendon organs in developing and adult rat muscles. AB - The number, distribution and size of Golgi tendon organs (TOs) were studied in two hindlimb muscles of the rat from the first postnatal day until 5 months after birth. No significant differences in the number of TOs were found after the third postnatal day onwards and the data from day 3 to 150 were therefore pooled. The soleus (SOL) muscle contained 15.4 +/- 0.6 TOs (mean +/- S.E.); the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) had 14.0 +/- 0.5 TOs on the average. However, the number of TOs often varied in muscles from the rats of the same age group, especially those from different litters. In both muscles, TOs were distributed nearly equally along the proximal and distal aponeurosis; as a rule, the percentage of TOs was slightly higher at the proximal aponeurosis (54% of TOs in the SOL and 58% of TOs in the EDL). The TOs grew in length and width during their development and in 5-month-old rats measured 506.1 +/- 14.0 micrometers in length and 64.4 +/ 1.9 micrometers in diameter on the average. The distance of the ends of muscle fibres connected with the receptor from the tendinous pole was was 1 064.9 +/- 49.0 micrometers on the average. These were considerable differences among individual TOs in the length, diameter and in the distance of the muscle-fibre ends from the receptor tendinous pole. The largest TOs were 2 to 3 times longer than the smallest receptors. These differences in size were found in all age groups, but they were most prominent in adult rats. Beside differences in size, great variability in the shape of TOs was also observed, and the longer receptors tended to be relatively slender than smaller TOs. The statistical evaluation of size parameters measured showed their close correlation, but the functional significance of the size and/or shape variability of the TOs remains to be elucidated. PMID- 6611707 TI - Ultrastructural and protein synthetic changes in embryonic brain: cells aggregated at 0 degree C. AB - Cells dissociated from brains of 16 to 18 day-old mice embrya were rotated at 37 degrees C and 0 degree C for 7--8 days. While cells aggregated at 37 degrees C formed compact aggregates, cells aggregated at 0 degree C were found in clusters or were randomly distributed. Cells aggregated in the cold did not differ markedly from the controls in their ultrastructural organisation till the 2--3 day in vitro (DIV). Later, significant structural changes, such as distention of cytoplasmic membranes, destruction of mitochondrial membranes, disappearance of ribosomes, shrinkage of nuclei and disturbance of cytoplasmic membranes were apparent. On the 6--7 DIV, groups of cells were separated by a distance of 100 nm and more, and large parts of their cytoplasm disappeared and outside cell perikarya fragments of membranes appeared forming dense debris. However, even at this period some cells were found which did not show signs of degeneration. Protein synthetic activity in aggregated cells increased linearly at 37 degrees C till 7 DIV, whereas in cells aggregated at 0 degree C an inhibition of about 34% was found at 4 DIV and at 7 DIV the curve of 14C leucine incorporation declined almost to zero. It is thus evident that cells aggregated at 0 degree C maintain an almost normal ultrastructural pattern during the first days of cultivation and only protein synthetic activity is lowered. Cellular membranes, damaged during the dissociation partly regenerated even at 0 degrees C and membraneous contacts were formed between several cells. PMID- 6611708 TI - Enzyme activity pattern in developing mouse brain in situ in embryonic brain aggregated cells at 37 degrees C and 0 degree C. AB - In aggregates of nervous tissue, cultivated for 1--7 days at 0 degree C and 37 degrees C, respectively, the activities of seven enzymes of energy liberating metabolism were estimated, in order to evaluate their metabolic "profiles" and changes during cultivation. The enzymes used as markers of different pathways of energy liberation from substrates were: lactate dehydrogenase - LDH - (EC 1.1.1.27), triose-3-phosphate dehydrogenase - TPDH - (EC 1.2.1.12), glycerol-3 phosphate dehydrogenase - GPDH - (EC 1.1.1.8), hexokinase - HK - (EC 2.7.1.1.), malate:NAD dehydrogenase - MDH - (EC 1.1.1.37), citrate synthase - CS - (EC 4.1.3.7), and 3-hydroxyacetyl CoA dehydrogenase - HOADH - (EC 1.1.1.35). During the cultivation, some changes in the metabolic "profiles" were observed. Although some of these changes as well as the differences between the cultivation at 0 degree C and 37 degrees C, were statistically significant, they were not greater than the variations between different samples of any tissue taken at different times. They were not, therefore considered to be of major significance. However, all the aggregates exhibited "profiles" characteristic for the nervous tissue, with relatively very high activity of HK, high activity of MDH and CS (carbohydrate breakdown) and low activity of GPDH and HOADH (lipid catabolism). PMID- 6611709 TI - Inhibitory effect of barbiturate anaesthesia on stress activation of the sympathico-adrenal system; an attempt to determine stress-induced stimulation of liver glycogen phosphorylase in spite of this effect. PMID- 6611710 TI - Determination of the optimum proportion of nutrients in the diet of weanling rats. PMID- 6611712 TI - A synthetic deamino-carba-analogue of oxytocin with a raised natriuretic-diuretic effect in rats. PMID- 6611711 TI - Muscle enzyme activities and fibre composition (m. vastus lateralis) and efficiency of the cardiorespiratory system in cross-country skiers. AB - Fourteen male cross-country skiers (class I and II, average age 20.5 years) were examined by biochemical and histochemical methods. The activity of selected enzymes of energy metabolism and the percentage ratio of different types of muscle fibres (m. vastus lateralis) were assessed. Furthermore, the maximum values of the cardiorespiratory system and post-loading pH and blood lactate were determined after performance on a treadmill. The mitochondrial enzyme activities were relatively high with a considerable scatter in the values of HOADH activity. The glycolytic enzyme activities were on the same level as in subjects not engaged in sports. The percentage composition of muscle fibres was as follows: FG - 7.56 %, FOG - 30.65 % and SO - 61.79 %. Oxygen consumption VO2 max.kg-1 was 67.44 ml.min-1, pulse oxygen 24.76 ml, post-load pH 7.24 and blood lactate concentration 6.98 mmol.l-1. There was positive correlation between CS enzyme activity and oxygen uptake (VO2 max), pulse oxygen and percentage of SO muscle fibres. The mean values found in the athletes examined in the present study corresponded to values of middle distance runners. PMID- 6611713 TI - Neurological treatments. PMID- 6611714 TI - Orthopaedic treatments--1. The spine. PMID- 6611715 TI - Orthopaedic treatments--2. The upper and lower limbs. PMID- 6611716 TI - Incontinence: an important aspect of rehabilitation. PMID- 6611717 TI - Incontinence: function, dysfunction and investigation. PMID- 6611718 TI - Management of urinary incontinence--prevention or cure. PMID- 6611719 TI - The role of the nursing continence adviser. PMID- 6611720 TI - Treatment of genuine stress incontinence with a new perineometer. PMID- 6611721 TI - The Music Advisory Service of the DLF. PMID- 6611722 TI - Ethical considerations in physiotherapy. PMID- 6611723 TI - Research project into the effect of pelvic floor exercises on genuine stress incontinence. PMID- 6611724 TI - Using the tilt table for elderly patients. PMID- 6611725 TI - Continuing education ... PMID- 6611726 TI - Gravity and the physiotherapist. PMID- 6611727 TI - The effects of training on muscle metabolism and blood supply. PMID- 6611728 TI - The hip. PMID- 6611729 TI - The Certificate in Education as a qualification for teachers of physiotherapy. PMID- 6611730 TI - Internal assessment with external moderation of courses in the therapeutic professions. PMID- 6611731 TI - Degree education: the Northern Ireland experience. PMID- 6611732 TI - A survey into the employment prospects of newly qualified physiotherapists. PMID- 6611733 TI - The approach to childbirth in France. PMID- 6611734 TI - The three times a week syndrome. PMID- 6611735 TI - The effects of sensation and motivation on regaining movement control following stroke. PMID- 6611736 TI - The spastic equinovarus foot deformity and gait rehabilitation. PMID- 6611737 TI - School screening for scoliosis--organisation of school and clinic procedure. PMID- 6611739 TI - The University of Liverpool sports injury unit--a practical initiative. PMID- 6611738 TI - Chest bellows. PMID- 6611740 TI - The University of Liverpool sports injury unit--the physiotherapist's viewpoint. PMID- 6611741 TI - The University of Liverpool MSc degree in physical habilitation. PMID- 6611742 TI - Biological standardisation of Zanthoxylum roots for antisickling activity. PMID- 6611744 TI - Neuromuscular blocking action of alkaloids from a Japanese crude drug "Shin-l" (Flos Magnoliae) in frog skeletal muscle. PMID- 6611743 TI - Metabolism of glycyrrhizin by human intestinal flora. PMID- 6611745 TI - Cardanol, a skin irritant in pink pepper. PMID- 6611746 TI - Antimicrobial activities of Garcinia mangostana. PMID- 6611747 TI - Treatment of acute myocardial infarction with AMI-mixture combined with western medicine. PMID- 6611748 TI - Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity by some isoquinoline alkaloids. PMID- 6611749 TI - [The sedative-hypnotic action of hops. 4. Pharmacology of the hop substance 2 methyl-3-buten-2-ol]. PMID- 6611750 TI - Correction of lower eyelid ptosis in the anophthalmic orbit: a long-term follow up. AB - We describe a 10-year review of 53 patients having had correction of lower eyelid ptosis using fascia lata sling suspension by the operation first described in 1973. The overall conclusion is that this continues to be a reliable procedure with a low complication rate. Four major changes relating to operative technique that create a better result are as follows: (1) the surgical correction must begin with a prosthesis that is ideal for the socket; (2) the fascial strip is narrower at 2 mm; (3) the lateral orbital rim burr hole is placed higher; and (4) the passage of the fascial strip is facilitated by the use of Wright's needle. The optimal sequence of operative procedures in the anophthalmic orbit syndrome is (1) correction of enophthalmos and superior sulcus depression, (2) correction of lower eyelid ptosis, and (3) correction of upper eyelid ptosis. PMID- 6611751 TI - "Orbiting the orbicularis"--restoration of muscle-ring continuity with myocutaneous flaps. AB - Eyelid repair by the Mustarde cheek flap or the Hughes tarsoconjunctival lid sharing flap have been methods deservingly popular with plastic surgeons for many years. Recent attention given to the myocutaneous flap principle has prompted the formulation of a new approach to this difficult problem of replacing an eyelid. In these cases, we have taken what most plastic surgeons are currently "throwing away" in their blepharoplasties and used it to reconstruct up to an entire margin of the eyelid. This new method seems simple because it holds the promise of fewer procedures and perhaps more functional results. PMID- 6611752 TI - The anatomic basis for the platysma skin flap. AB - Meticulous anatomic dissection of the vasculature of the superficial anterolateral neck indicates that the platysma and overlying skin are supplied by direct cutaneous arteries measuring 0.5 mm in diameter. The small arteries are branches of the postauricular and occipital arteries in the upper lateral neck, the facial and submental arteries in the upper medial neck, the superior thyroid artery in the middle of the neck, the subclavian artery in the lower medial neck, and the transverse or superficial cervical arteries in the lateral aspect of the neck. These vessels traverse the undersurface of the platysma muscle to provide blood flow to the overlying skin. As opposed to this direct cutaneous system, the myocutaneous blood supply perforating through the sternocleidomastoid is scant. The platysma skin flap will survive if the blood supply from at least one region is preserved. In addition, it may be beneficial to include the external jugular and/or the communicating veins in the flap. By following these guidelines, the platysma flap has been successfully used for facial reconstruction in 7 of 8 consecutive patients. PMID- 6611753 TI - The platysma musculocutaneous flap: experience with 24 cases. AB - The platysma musculocutaneous flap has been used in 24 patients for reconstruction in the head and neck area. In 22 patients, the superior vascular pedicle, the submental branch of the facial artery, was used, and in two other patients, the inferior pedicle, the superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery, was used. Twelve patients had reconstruction of the intraoral lining with a skin paddle on the platysma. The buccal mucosa and mandibular alveolar ridge are particularly well suited to this flap. Six patients had restoration of external skin, four had provision of both skin and lining with the same flap, and two had coverage of vulnerable structures with muscle alone. Forty-two percent of patients experienced a minor complication. Only four patients, however, required further surgery, and all 24 patients ultimately had satisfactory results. Of seven patients experiencing loss of a portion of the skin paddle, six had intraoral reconstruction. Meticulous dissection and attention to anatomic detail is necessary in raising the flap. Because of its thinness and pliability, we feel that the platysma musculocutaneous flap is an important addition to the techniques of head and neck reconstruction. PMID- 6611754 TI - Appropriate timing for breast reconstruction. AB - Once a chest-wall recurrence is diagnosed, it should be treated by modalities effective for both local and systemic disease, since it is a cutaneous marker of distant metastases. If the chest-wall recurrence can be controlled, short-term prognosis is much improved, although all patients in this study eventually died of systemic breast cancer. The results of this retrospective study suggest that appropriate timing of breast reconstruction depends on the pathologic status of the axillary nodes and completion of adjunctive therapy. A patient with stage I breast cancer can undergo a subpectoral or musculocutaneous flap reconstruction of the breast without fear of masking a local chest-wall recurrence. PMID- 6611755 TI - The quadriceps musculocutaneous flap: a reliable, sensate flap for the hemipelvectomy defect. AB - We have presented a detailed account of the anatomy, technique, and indications for the use of the quadriceps musculocutaneous flap. Our experience thus far has proved this flap to be a desirable alternative to the traditional hemipelvectomy closure technique in that it provides a more durable and reliable pelvic coverage for these patients. PMID- 6611756 TI - Removable thermocouple probe microvascular patency monitor: an experimental and clinical study. AB - Based upon experimental animal evaluation and a preliminary clinical experience in 18 patients with 3 recognized failing flaps, the implantable thermocouple probe microvascular method of vessel patency assessment would appear to be a promising new technique worthy of further clinical investigation. PMID- 6611757 TI - Force required for wound closure and scar appearance. AB - I am reporting the first objective documentation of the correlation between the force required for wound-edge approximation (closure) and eventual scar width. Seven patients undergoing reduction mammaplasty were studied, and 234 measurements of force required for wound-edge approximation were made. At follow up 1 year after surgery, the scar width was measured and the appearance was noted and photographed. A significant correlation was demonstrated between the force required for wound-edge approximation and scar width at every location but one. In addition, the scars were significantly wider near the midline of the breast than at the ends of the reduction mammaplasty incision. Neither color match (to surrounding skin) nor scar elevation (hypertrophy) were related to the force required for wound-edge approximation. PMID- 6611758 TI - Correcting the other surgeon's disasters. PMID- 6611759 TI - Congenital fusion of the gums with bilateral fusion of the temporomandibular joints. AB - A newborn baby with congenital bilateral complete fusion of the gums and the temporomandibular joints is presented. It seems to be the second case reported in the literature. The embryology, clinical features, and treatment of this rare disorder are described. PMID- 6611760 TI - Treatment of axillary burn scar contracture using an arterialized scapular island flap. AB - A case of an axillary burn scar contracture treated with a scapular island flap is presented. We believe that this will be a useful addition to the treatment of burn scar contractures of the axilla. PMID- 6611761 TI - Early joint and tendon reconstruction for a degloving injury to the dorsum of the hand. AB - Primary insertion of inert material into an open wound to expedite joint and tendon reconstruction can be safely accomplished if the wound is thoroughly debrided and the material is covered with a well-vascularized flap. In this case, metacarpophalangeal mobility and extensor tendon function were largely preserved by early insertion of silicone spacers and rods in the reconstruction of a severe degloving injury to the dorsum of the hand. PMID- 6611762 TI - A new method for correcting a gummy smile. AB - Myectomy and partial resection of the levator labii superioris promises a far better and direct approach to the problem of upper gum exposure during smiling. This procedure attempts to eliminate the cause of the deformity. The resected muscles are of the striated muscle group and are composed of single muscle fibers running the entire length of the trunk. Adequate resection of these muscles will thoroughly eliminate the regeneration of muscle, and thus a permanent correction is achieved. The resulting smile is very attractive and pleasing to both patient and surgeon. PMID- 6611763 TI - The caulking gun: an aid to inflate tissue-expander prostheses. AB - A commercially available caulking gun has been simply modified to accept a plastic syringe filled exactly to 50 ml, and this device acts as an aid to inflate temporary tissue-expander prostheses. PMID- 6611764 TI - Gastrocnemius V-Y flaps. PMID- 6611765 TI - Abductor pollicis test for ulnar nerve lesions. PMID- 6611766 TI - Disguising the slashed wrist. PMID- 6611767 TI - Nipple reconstruction by quadrapod flaps. PMID- 6611768 TI - Testing inflatable implants. PMID- 6611769 TI - Sleeve anastomosis. PMID- 6611770 TI - Hair transplantation in alopecia due to radiation. AB - Two cases of alopecia due to radiation of the scalp are presented in which it has been possible to achieve a technically and cosmetically satisfactory reconstruction by punch hair grafting. This does not mean that every case is suitable, but it does mean that those without contraindications should at least be given a try. PMID- 6611771 TI - Functional cleft lip repair: a sequential, layered closure with orbicularis muscle realignment. AB - A lip repair based on anatomic and electric stimulation studies of the orbicularis muscle in unilateral cleft lip has previously been reported by one of the authors. Following some early modifications, this technique has been used on 125 primary lip repairs. The details of the present technique are described here. The advantages of the procedure, in addition to its functional reconstruction of the orbicularis muscle, are in its applicability to clefts of all widths and superior scar formation. The sequential nature of the procedure and freedom from commitment to a fixed, measured pattern at the outset makes the teaching of the method easier and the achievement of a pleasing result more predictable. PMID- 6611772 TI - The pectoralis major for single-stage reconstruction of the difficult wounds of the orbit and pharyngoesophagus. AB - This paper reports the results of reconstructions of difficult wounds in the head and neck area with musculocutaneous flaps in 20 patients. Twelve patients had reconstructions following cranial and orbital resections, and eight patients had reconstructions of the pharyngoesophagus. There were four wound complications, all of which healed without further surgical procedures. The pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap continues to be the most versatile flap for reconstructions at a variety of sites in the head and neck area. Contrary to other reports, it has not been bulky, it has been used without previous delays of the skin paddle, it has not required skin grafts to close the donor sites, and it has been used without difficulty in five female patients. PMID- 6611773 TI - Surgical correction of drool: a comparison of three groups of patients. AB - Three combinations of surgical correction for drool have been evaluated and compared in patients with cerebral palsy. All groups underwent submaxillary gland resection. Sixteen patients underwent parotid duct transfer or repositioning (Wilkie-Brody), 3 patients underwent parotid duct ligation, and 22 patients were treated with a combination of right parotid duct ligation and left parotid duct repositioning. Follow-up demonstrates that there is no visual or palpable difference between ligation and relocation of the parotid duct and that the combination of ligation and repositioning of the parotid duct is preferable to either bilateral ligation or bilateral repositioning alone. PMID- 6611774 TI - Sagittal fractures of the maxilla and palate. AB - Sagittal fractures of the maxilla and palate are infrequent and can demonstrate significant instability with conventional methods of treatment. They require that rigid, horizontal stability of the dentition be obtained, as well as restoration of midface projection and height. The most effective and precise management has utilized a combination of open reduction and internal fixation at the piriform aperture and zygomatic buttress and posterior palate, use of a maxillary arch bar as a tension band, and utilization of a palatal splint. PMID- 6611775 TI - Breast reconstruction by superior gluteal microvascular free flaps without silicone implants. AB - The author's experience with 10 gluteus maximus myodermal free flap breast reconstructions is reviewed against the current methods of reconstruction using silicone implants, latissimus dorsi flaps, regional skin flaps, and rectus abdominis myodermal flaps. The superior gluteal free flap can achieve a reliable, permanent, and aesthetic reconstruction of the breast without silicone implants. The softness, projection, natural appearance, and patient satisfaction are excellent compared with other methods. It is particularly useful in patients who object to the use of artificial implants, are not suitable for regional flaps, or have disappointing results from previous reconstructions. Technical modifications of the flap design and selection of the recipient vessels are important. PMID- 6611777 TI - Complications of muscle-flap transposition for traumatic defects of the leg. AB - A careful study of 95 consecutive muscle-flap procedures performed on 71 patients with traumatic soft-tissue defects of the leg was carried out. Although there were only 5 cases of total muscle-flap necrosis, major and minor complications were found in 31 patients, requiring additional surgery for coverage. Technical errors resulted in partial split-thickness skin-graft loss or hematoma and were responsible for the 10 minor complications. Inadequate debridement of necrotic soft tissue and bone, the use of diseased or traumatized muscle, and unrealistic objectives for the muscle-flap coverage were the source of 21 major complications. We feel fewer complications would result with more careful preoperative evaluation and surgical planning, adequate debridement of bone and soft tissue, and the transfer of healthy, nontraumatized muscle. PMID- 6611778 TI - The effect of a simple preservation method on immediate and late patency rates of autogenous microvenous grafts. AB - The subject of this study was assessing in vivo a simple short-term preservation method of autogenous microvenous grafts. Forty-five autogenous vein grafts in rats were divided into groups of five and preserved in lactated Ringer's solution at 4 degrees C for 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, and 14 days. After a designated preservation period, the veins were implanted as autografts into defects created in the animal's femoral arteries, while a small portion of each vein was processed for histologic examination. The patency was assessed immediately, at 1 week, and at 5 to 6 weeks following grafting, at which time the patent grafts were biopsied. Preserving the grafts for up to 2 days had no effect on their patency rate, which remained 100 percent, and no histologic changes were noted in the veins preserved for this period. However, longer preservation resulted in gradual necrotic changes in the veins, which were reflected in lower patencies of the grafts. The histology of the preserved veins and of the patent vein grafts 5 to 6 weeks following grafting is discussed. The model developed in this study can be used as a benchmark for further preservation studies using more sophisticated methods. PMID- 6611776 TI - Latissimus dorsi blood supply after thoracodorsal vessel division: the serratus collateral. AB - The reliability of the latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap for breast reconstruction following radical mastectomy and an axillary dissection that may have divided the thoracodorsal vessels is enhanced by preservation of the serratus collateral into the flap. Observations during axillary dissections have confirmed the constant presence of the serratus branch. Primate studies document latissimus dorsi flap viability when elevated on this branch. Studies during microvascular transfer document reversal of flow in the serratus branch to supply the latissimus dorsi muscle after division of the thoracodorsal artery. Latissimus dorsi flap elevation as an island may be reliably based on the serratus branch. PMID- 6611779 TI - Patterns of arterial distribution in the duplicated thumb. AB - The arterial blood supply of the duplicated thumb was studied in 42 hands using the angiography technique. The developing factor of the duplicated thumb also may hinder the developing process of the limb artery, especially in the early stage when the median artery develops. In 73.8 percent of duplicated thumbs, two digital arteries were present, and 96.8 percent of them had one digital artery in each member. Simple ablation of the supernumerary digit leaves the thumb with a single end-arterial blood supply. The developmental mechanism of the duplicated thumb may depend not on duplication of the limb bud, but on splitting of the limb mesenchyme. The group of type VII of Wassel's classification was different from the other types in terms of origin of the digital artery distributing blood to the duplicated thumb. PMID- 6611780 TI - Aesthetic surgery: effects of rhinoplasty on the social perception of patients by others. AB - Based on contemporary social psychological theory and research, the aesthetic appeal of one's physical appearance can have considerable influence on others--on social attraction, attitudes, attributions, and actions, which in turn can affect one's psychosocial experiences and development. From this perspective, the present controlled experiment represents a modified and extended replication of recent research testing the hypothesis that aesthetic surgeries such as rhinoplasty produce improvements in physical attractiveness that foster more favorable personality attributions by others. The hypothesis was largely supported--for male and female perceivers of patients of both sexes and various ages. The implications and limitations of these findings as well as the directions for further fruitful investigation are discussed. PMID- 6611781 TI - Xanthoma disseminatum: an unusual cause of facial and limb deformity. AB - A rare case of xanthoma disseminatum producing deformity of the head, neck, and extremities is reported. This pathologically benign disease, considered to represent one of the histiocyte proliferative disorders, is manifested by numerous cutaneous xanthomas primarily in flexion areas. Progressive enlargement of these lesions accompanied by marked fibrosis has produced the severe cosmetic and functional deformities described in this patient. Treatment in this case involved excision of xanthomatous contraction bands with split-thickness skin grafting, followed by intensive physical therapy. PMID- 6611783 TI - V-Y advancement of a subcutaneous pedicle in vermilion lip reconstruction. AB - We present three patients with lip cancer in whom the classic wedge excision would have resulted in an inordinate loss of tissue and possible compromise in shape and function. Without sacrificing the primary principle of adequately removing the cancer, the authors were able to excise the lesion and reconstruct the defect by means of a subcutaneous pedicle that might otherwise have been discarded with the usual wedge resection. There is a slight tendency for the healed skin flap to exhibit trapdoor scarring; however, in the older age group, in whom this technique has its greatest applicability, this has not been a permanent problem. This one-stage method of closing lip defects using subcutaneous pedicle flaps has the additional advantages of easy execution and minimal morbidity. PMID- 6611782 TI - Thermal osteonecrosis complicating Steinmann pin insertion in plastic surgery. AB - Two typical cases of thermal osteonecrosis due to Steinmann pin insertion are presented. Using proper technique, including predrilling or the use of a hand drill, can eliminate the high morbidity problem. PMID- 6611784 TI - Fishhooks for forehead harnessing. AB - Coronal lifting can be simplified and dissection enhanced with a system of hooks attached to elastic bands harnessing the forehead and providing steady and symmetrical retraction. PMID- 6611785 TI - Dysplastic nevus syndrome. PMID- 6611787 TI - Free transfer of reconstructed musculocutaneous flap. PMID- 6611786 TI - Finger tourniquet. PMID- 6611788 TI - Opsite instead of flaps for pressure sores. PMID- 6611789 TI - [Clinical and psychopathological study of the onset-situation of depression in the presenium and senium]. PMID- 6611790 TI - [Changes in methamphetamine response caused by limbic kindling--experimental study on epileptic behavioral deviations]. PMID- 6611792 TI - [Psychiatric treatment and suicide: methodologic problems in the study of suicide in psychiatric treatment]. PMID- 6611791 TI - [Reduced serotonin receptors in the brain of chronic schizophrenics]. PMID- 6611793 TI - [Psychopathologic course dynamics as an indicator of variable psychotherapeutic psychopharmacologic treatment strategies]. AB - Psychotherapeutic endeavors of individuals in the context of a graduated overall psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological strategy often fail to result in successful treatment because insufficient attention is paid to the biologically variable dimension of disturbed psychophysical integrity. The significance of intermediate pathogenetic stages in multistratified "neurotic" depressions and in anorexia nervosa and compulsive syndromes are dealt with in detail. Irrespective of the primary psychodynamics, neurobiologically modulated condition pictures with unusual autonomous dynamics can determine the picture. The same psychotherapy and somatotherapy does not entail the same action when carried out on a psychopathological substrate with different presentation and at different times. Finally, the possible transition from the psychosomatic clinical picture to "compensated" benzodiazepine-dependence is referred to. These secondary diseases exemplify iatrogenically modified psychopathological progress forms. PMID- 6611794 TI - [The myth of the good samaritan in psychiatry--thoughts prompted by a controversy]. AB - This article reflects on psychotherapeutic and sociotherapeutic components contained in clinical psychiatric work, seen under the aspect of coping with resistance and hostility experienced by the psychiatrist during his work both from his environment and his patients. Any self-aggrandisement on the part of the therapist, if he begins to identify himself with the image of the Good Samaritan, is nothing but a counter-reaction to the reaction of the environment, and any such counter-reaction must necessarily and finally result in an anti-therapeutic effect. The article discusses the necessary mixture of being distant on the one hand, and closely sympathetic on the other; of being either part of the patient's own madness and/or remaining aloof from it; of finding a synthesis between the psychiatrist's existence as a person and as a professional worker; and, last but not least, of avoiding one-sided favouring of "nearness" and of imagining that there is such a thing as "ideal therapeutic communion". In short, the author suggests that the psychiatrist should not behave like an actor on a stage who has been asked to play a part that has been cast for him. The idea of opposition to therapy requires an antithesis, namely, that of the "Anti-Samaritan". PMID- 6611795 TI - [Comparative psychiatric study of recruits]. AB - From a group of 1780 recruits, 30 recruits who had been showing behavioural disorders but had remained in army service, were compared with a control group of recruits who had never demonstrated any deviant behaviour. This was done in order to gain information of the performance of the examined persons in respect of their physical capacities, emotional patterns, learning abilities and efficiency, consumption patterns, personal contacts and sociological integration. The article describes the methodic approach and discusses the results. In conclusion, the possibility of prophylactic sociomedical activity in the school of recruits is brought up for discussion, was well as the question of their fitness for active military service. PMID- 6611796 TI - The current status of the psychoanalytic theory of instinctual drives. I: Drive concept, classification, and development. AB - The evolution of Freud's theory of instinctual drives, with the accompanying models of a mental apparatus, is remarkable for its tenacious adherence to addressing the fundamental problems of human psychology, here phrased as the problems of body-mind-environment relationships. The concept of instinctual drives continues to be one of the most pervasive concepts of psychoanalysis, weathering considerable attack over the last several decades, although losing some clarity in the process. I have cited and discussed as basic issues of the concept of instinctual drives: the relationship of observational data and theoretical constructs in psychology; whether our construct of drives is or should be or can be purely psychological; the problem of conceptualizing the ontogenetic origin of mind; the issues of the "force-meaning conjunction" and the problem of psychic energy in psychoanalytic constructs; and the relation of our concept of instinctual drives to the concept of instincts in general. It seems that progress with these fundamental issues might be made by utilizing models that are more homologous with present knowledge in related fields than is Freud's reflex arc model of the nervous system, in order to build a better drive construct within the framework of psychoanalysis. The classification of instinctual drives remains a problem. Clinically, aggression seems to be a factor in conflict, very much like sexuality. Despite widespread acceptance of the idea of aggression as simply parallel to sexuality in all respects, there are major discrepancies. Perhaps aggression cannot be viewed as a drive after all; perhaps our drive construct needs to be modified to accommodate aggression. Certainly, controversy in this area has interfered with the production of good clinical studies which could begin to increase our understanding of aggression and its place in the human personality. The psychoanalytic theory of drive development has probably undergone less change in the last forty years than other aspects of drive theory, although careful observational work has led to alterations of our views of the age of onset of genital awareness, of female sexual development and function, and of the latency period. This is the conclusion of the first of two papers examining the post-Freud development of the theory of instinctual drives in psychoanalysis. The companion paper follows on p. 402 of this issue of The Psychoanalytic Quarterly. PMID- 6611797 TI - The current status of the psychoanalytic theory of instinctual drives. II: The relation of the drive concept to structures, regulatory principles, and objects. AB - There has been and continues to be some degree of failure to recognize the effects of the introduction of the ego-id-superego model on the drive construct. In particular, some of the criticisms of drive theory fail to take cognizance of the structural position of drives. Drives, as an aspect of id, are more clearly separated from behavior conceptually than many discussions imply. Drive energy is a different concept from drive. Especially in the area of the governance of drives by the regulatory principles of mental functioning some improvement in clarity and utility seems possible through the use of different, more sophisticated models. Difficulties in the concept of objects appear to underlie considerable controversy in psychoanalysis today. I have here attempted to clarify the concept of drive objects, as a step in resolving the broader issues. PMID- 6611798 TI - Pressured pattern or type A behavior in patients with peripheral arteriovascular disease: controlled retrospective exploratory study. AB - The question as to whether a specific behavior or type A pattern is limited to patients with coronary artery disease, or is found in atherosclerotic disease, in general, is explored. The interrelationship between a pattern of "pressured" behavior, assessed by open ended interviews, type A behavior, determined by the Bortner test, and peripheral atherosclerotic disease was investigated in a controlled retrospective study which compared three groups of 13 patients each: intermittent claudication (IC), intermittent claudication combined with coronary artery disease (CADIC) and a control group of patients without vascular disease (WVD). A pressured behavior pattern, assessed by interview, was found to be most prominent in the CADIC group, and least in the control group. The subjects with arteriovascular disease tended to exert more control over people compared to the WVD patients (Fisher's exact probability test, p = 0.05). The tendency to type A behavior, measured by means of the Bortner scale, also differentiated the three groups with CADIC scoring highest and WVD scoring lowest (analysis of variance, F = 3.944, p less than 0.05). IC patients present personality features of proneness to coronary disease. The pattern of "pressured" and type A behavior seem to correlate with the number of vascular areas involved in atherosclerotic disease. PMID- 6611799 TI - Electrocardiographic effects of social stress on coronary-prone (type A) individuals. AB - Subjects selected for possession of either the Type A (coronary-prone) or Type B (coronary-resistant) behavior pattern interacted with a computer, while appearing to interact with a partner, in a formal competitive game of social strategy. Type A subjects exhibited greater impatience than Type B subjects. Computer analysis of the electrocardiogram revealed that social stimulation elicited larger ventricular electrophysiological responses (ST segment depression, and reduction of T wave and R wave amplitudes) in Type A than in Type B subjects. Such changes are consistent with the assumption of greater cardiac sympathetic activity during the social interactions in the Type A subjects. PMID- 6611800 TI - Aerobic fitness level and reactivity to psychosocial stress: physiological, biochemical, and subjective measures. AB - Aerobic fitness is associated with numerous physiological adaptations which permit physical stress to be coped with more efficiently. The present experiment examined whether aerobic fitness influences emotional response. Heart rate, biochemical measures (catecholamines, cortisol, prolactin, lactic acid), and self reported arousal and anxiety were monitored in 15 highly trained and 15 untrained subjects at various points before, during and following exposure to a series of psychosocial stressors. Heart rate and subjective arousal level increased markedly during the stressors in both groups. Trained subjects showed higher levels of norepinephrine and prolactin early in the stress period, more rapid heart rate recovery following the stressors, and lower levels of anxiety at the conclusion of the session. This more rapid heart rate and subjective recovery from psychosocial stress, suggests that aerobically trained individuals may be capable of faster recovery in both physiological and subjective dimensions of emotionality. The differences in reactivity profiles between the aerobically trained and untrained were discussed in light of models that have dealt with the adaptiveness of emotional response. PMID- 6611801 TI - Effects of stress and exercise on plasma corticosterone, plasma cholesterol, and aortic cholesterol levels in rats. AB - Rats, fed a 1% cholesterol diet, were subjected to either predictable, controllable shock; unpredictable, uncontrollable shock; or no shock for 30 days (51-min daily sessions). Half of the rats in each condition were allowed access to a running wheel for 3 hr immediately after each stress session except for the final stress session. Immediately following the final stress session, animals were sacrificed and blood and aorta samples were taken. Stressed animals allowed to run showed lower plasma corticosterone levels than stressed animals not allowed to run. Overall, stressed animals had lower levels of aortic cholesterol than nonstressed animals. Whereas running resulted in decreased levels of plasma cholesterol, aortic cholesterol levels were higher for the running animals than for the nonrunning animals. PMID- 6611802 TI - Epinephrine mediated increases in plasma cholesterol. AB - The effect of physiological elevations of plasma epinephrine levels on plasma cholesterol levels was studied in ten cynomolgus monkeys. Epinephrine was increased 5 days/week for 6 hr/day. After 2 weeks, the cholesterol levels increased on the average of 15 mg% (p less than 0.01). PMID- 6611803 TI - Studies of gaze during induced conflict in families with a hypertensive father. AB - Three modified replications (N = 32, 46, and 32) investigated verbal and nonverbal interactions during role playing of family conflict by family groups of father, mother, and one child. Half the fathers had essential hypertension and half were normotensive. Nonverbal but not verbal behavior differed between families with hypertensive vs. normotensive fathers. Hypertensive fathers and their normotensive wives and children looked at each other less (gaze aversion), both while listening and speaking, than did the members of normotensive families. The difference in duration of gaze aversion occurred more prominently during emotionally negative verbalizations. The results suggest a pattern of conflict avoidance in families with a hypertensive father. PMID- 6611804 TI - Sexual dysfunction associated with hyperprolactinemia in males and females undergoing hemodialysis. AB - Fifty-nine uremic patients (38 males and 21 females) maintained on chronic hemodialysis (CHD) served as the subjects in a study of the relationship between sexual dysfunction and serum prolactin levels (SPL). Sexual desire and activity were evaluated by a self-report sexual function rating scale (SFRS). About half the population of this study reported sexual dysfunction. Males and females reporting disturbance of sexual function had significantly higher SPL than those with normal sexual function. Bromocriptine treatment in five hyperprolactinemic patients reduced SPL to normal range and improved the sexual function. Association between sexual dysfunction and hyperprolactinemia in uremic patients is suggested. PMID- 6611805 TI - [The psychoanalyst as an academic teacher]. PMID- 6611806 TI - [Pharmacologico-psychotherapeutic treatment of borderline syndrome. A case report]. PMID- 6611807 TI - [Therapy oriented documentation in psychotherapeutic ambulatory care--function and implications]. PMID- 6611808 TI - [Inpatient behavioral peculiarities in early disordered patients]. PMID- 6611809 TI - [Patient careers I. Patient representation and motivation for participation in a catamnestic interview 5 years later]. PMID- 6611810 TI - [Construction and use of an attitude scale on the subject medical psychology]. PMID- 6611811 TI - [Psychotherapy--a never-ending controversy]. PMID- 6611812 TI - [Health, feeling ill and disease--approaches to an integrative concept]. PMID- 6611813 TI - [Current problems of the psychosomatic-psychiatric consultation and liaison service]. PMID- 6611814 TI - [Coping with disease--an integrated model]. PMID- 6611815 TI - [Thure v. Uexkull's situational circuit concept and its significance for the theory and practice of medicine]. PMID- 6611816 TI - [Inpatient physician visits between hospital routine and therapeutic discourse- analytic communication study of the difficult physician-patient interaction]. PMID- 6611817 TI - [Psychosomatic aspects in the treatment of hypertensive patients--possibilities for an integrated internal medicine=psychosomatic ambulatory concept]. PMID- 6611818 TI - Teenagers as peer persuaders and 10,000 preventable deaths: sad statistics. PMID- 6611819 TI - The Public Health Service's number one priority. PMID- 6611820 TI - The National Institutes of Health and Research into the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. PMID- 6611821 TI - Status of nutrition surveillance activities in 24 State and metropolitan health departments. AB - A study was undertaken to examine nutrition surveillance activities and their usefulness in managing programs of nutrition intervention. Questionnaires were returned by 24 of 26 directors of nutrition units in State or metropolitan health departments participating in 1981 in the coordinated nutrition surveillance system of the Centers for Disease Control, which monitors high risk pediatric patients and pregnant women. The mean years of experience in surveillance activities among the agencies was 4. Only 25 percent of the responding departments reported a self-sufficient computerized surveillance system. Personnel most involved in the coordinating, analyzing, and interpreting of the data were nutritionists who spent an average of 17 hours per month. Major uses of surveillance data reported for purposes of the nutrition programs were to (a) identify collection sites with problems such as errors in measuring heights and weights and hematocrits warranting checks for quality control, (b) define the extent of nutrition-related disorders in the target populations, (c) provide objective local data to assist in decision-making and program planning, (d) enhance followup of specific clients, and (e) provide feedback to clinic staffs about the quality and relative impact of their services. The survey results yielded evidence that nutrition surveillance activities have important consequences for the planning, implementation, and evaluation of programs of nutritional intervention. PMID- 6611822 TI - Summary of market research for "Healthy Mothers, Healthy Babies" campaign. PMID- 6611823 TI - Development of the National Institutes of Health Guidelines for Recombinant DNA Research. AB - Recombinant DNA is a technique of major importance in basic biomedical research and, increasingly, in industrial applications. Although the risks of this research remain hypothetical, scientists working in the field have spearheaded discussions of safety. The original National Institutes of Health (NIH) Guidelines for Recombinant DNA Research were issued in June 1976. They assigned each type of recombinant DNA experiment a specific level of "physical containment" and of "biological containment." Responsibility for overseeing the application of the guidelines belongs to the NIH Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (RAC)--composed of scientists and laymen, including non-voting representatives from many Federal agencies--and local institutional biosafety committees at each university where recombinant DNA research is conducted. The NIH guidelines were subsequently adopted by other Federal agencies, but congressional proposals aimed at extending the guidelines to private industry did not result in national legislation. Some States and localities regulate recombinant DNA research, however, and many private companies have voluntarily submitted information on their recombinant DNA work for RAC and NIH approval. The NIH guidelines underwent a major revision in December 1978 and have been revised approximately every 3 months since then. NIH supports experiments to assess recombinant DNA risks and publishes and updates a plan for a risk assessment program. PMID- 6611824 TI - Containing the cost of third-molar extractions: a dilemma for health insurance. AB - No known scientific studies support the extraction of third molars (wisdom teeth) to prevent future disease. Yet, third-molar surgery for this purpose has become so common that in at least one major U.S. health insurance plan, the cumulative cost exceeds that for every other kind of major surgery. Many third molars that are developing normally in adolescents are classified as impacted and removed before they erupt, a practice that results in large expenditures for unnecessary surgery. In addition, the difficulty of the extractions is frequently exaggerated, so that patients and insurance plans are overcharged. Third molar surgery is not without risk of iatrogenic injury. Fracture of the jaw, permanent numbness of the lip (paresthesia), and injury to other teeth may occur. This paper presents a mechanism for containing the cost of third-molar surgery by elimination of payment for nonessential extractions and of the related overcharges. Adoption of this policy by administrators of dental insurance plans would save millions of dollars each year, money that could be better used in providing care for more people with real dental disease. PMID- 6611825 TI - Routine EEG vs. intensive monitoring in the evaluation of intractable epilepsy. AB - Appropriate treatment of patients with intractable seizures requires precise identification of the type (or types) of seizure the patient experiences and correlation of this information with data from electroencephalography localizing the focus of the seizure in the brain. For such patients, the technique of "intensive monitoring" has gained rapid acceptance in the past several years as the investigative method of choice.Intensive monitoring usually entails prolonged electroencephalographic recording with simultaneous videotaping of the patient. Another common technique is prolonged monitoring of the patient's electroencephalogram (EEG) by radiotelemetry, during which time the patient is closely observed by trained personnel for suspected seizures.To compare the quality of information obtained from intensive monitoring with that from careful routine electroencephalography, the authors reviewed the medical records of 100 consecutive patients who had received both kinds of study after being referred for treatment in the special Epilepsy Treatment Unit of the University of Minnesota's Comprehensive Epilepsy Program (CEP).Success of each method was defined by ability to record an actual seizure. The routine EEG examination recorded actual seizures in 7 percent of patients in the study. With video EEG, following careful withdrawal of anticonvulsant drugs, seizures were recorded in 70 percent of patients. Telemetered EEG recorded seizure activity in 50 percent of those patients for whom the other two methods had failed to detect seizures.Intensive monitoring revealed that 60 percent of patients for whom the routine EEG study had recorded only one seizure type actually suffered from two or more types. Clinical diagnosis was changed in 84 percent of the patients. In this study, intensive monitoring was found to be far superior to the routine EEG examination as an aid to precise diagnosis of intractable seizure disorders. PMID- 6611828 TI - Introduction. PMID- 6611827 TI - The frequency of complications in cesarean and noncesarean deliveries, 1970 and 1978. AB - National Hospital Discharge Survey data, collected by the National Center for Health Statistics, were used to examine complications associated with cesarean and noncesarean deliveries in the years 1970 and 1978. Cesarean deliveries comprised 5.5 percent of all deliveries in 1970 and 15.2 percent in 1978. Two thirds (68.4 percent) of the 1970 and 82.1 percent of the 1978 cesarean deliveries involved specified complications compared with only 14.6 percent of the 1970 vaginal deliveries and 17.8 percent of the 1978 vaginal deliveries. More than one-fourth of the 1970 and 1978 cesarean deliveries, but less than 1 percent of the vaginal deliveries, were preceded by a cesarean section delivery. From 1970 to 1978, there was both a rise in breech presentations and a shift toward surgical management of them. Also, cesarean deliveries were associated with placenta previa, fetopelvic disproportion, prolonged labor, and premature rupture of membranes. Several competing explanations have been offered for the rise in complication rates and in cesarean delivery rates. PMID- 6611826 TI - Primary care in an underserved rural area: the Goodlark experience in Middle Tennessee. AB - With the assistance of Federal funding and three National Health Service Corps physicians, the Goodlark Rural Health Care System was established during the first 8 months of 1979 in a four-county, medically underserved area of Middle Tennessee. Four primary care clinics and a health screening and weight reduction clinic were initiated, and efforts were made to make the clinics responsive to community needs and complementary to existing area resources.A study of the results of these efforts through December 1981 showed that community acceptance, measured by patients' use of the clinics and satisfaction with the services provided, was generally high; however, one of the small primary care clinics was closed after 1 year because of a continuing decline in patient visits. Many patients continued to follow former patterns of reliance on larger centers for specialized care (and occasionally primary care), using the Goodlark clinics primarily for convenience.The primary care clinic that provided the most comprehensive services and that represented an expansion of an area physician's family practice showed a continuing increase in the number of new- and return patient visits during the period of the study. Indeed, this clinic generated revenue sufficient to support the remaining clinics in the system, allowing Federal funding to be discontinued. The health screening and weight reduction clinic, however, met with poor community response.Acceptance of nurse practitioners by patients of the primary care clinics was high, and the Goodlark experience suggests that these practitioners may be the most cost-effective providers of primary care in more sparsely populated areas.Innovations in health planning must take into consideration local community factors and previous patterns of health care in order to complement existing health resources. Findings with respect to the Goodlark experience may be worthy of consideration by health planners in other localities. PMID- 6611829 TI - The fate of adenine nucleotides in the pulmonary circulation of isolated lung. AB - The hydrolysis of ATP, ADP and AMP was studied in perfused isolated lungs from rats, hamsters, guinea-pigs and humans. In rats, ATP and ADP at concentrations up to 1 mM were extensively broken down to AMP and AMP itself was more resistant to further hydrolysis. This pattern of metabolites was maintained in rat lung perfused with Krebs solution containing albumin. The effects of endogenous sex hormones on ADP metabolism were studied in lungs from female rats at different stages of the oestrous cycle. There were no cycle-related changes observed and in a comparison between sexes, only a small difference between males and females was apparent. Lung effluent from rat lungs exhibited a low level of ADPase activity. Although hamster lungs metabolized ADP to AMP as did rat lungs, lungs from guinea pigs and humans metabolized ADP and AMP extensively to adenosine. This difference means that although all species exhibit the ability to inactivate pro-aggregatory ADP, the ability to form the anti-aggregatory adenosine from ADP in the pulmonary vasculature varies markedly between species. PMID- 6611830 TI - Glucagon and alanine-induced increases of the canine renal glomerular filtration rate. AB - Renal responses to intravenous DL-alanine (ala) and glucagon (GLN) infusions were compared in conscious dogs. Doses of GLN (0.1 microgram/min) that did not increase plasma glucose (PG) concentrations, a physiological effect of GLN, stimulated glomerular filtration rate (G.F.R.). Higher GLN infusion rates (1.0 and 10.0 micrograms/min) stimulated G.F.R., renal plasma flow (R.P.F.), PG, and potassium and urea clearances. Ala infusions (1.3 mmol/min) had similar effects if the dogs had been pre-conditioned by feeding of corn starch, but not if they had been fed a normal diet. This level of ala infusion increased plasma alpha amino nitrogen to levels equivalent to plasma ala levels reported to stimulate GLN secretion. The reason for the lack of responsiveness to ala infusion when the normal diet was fed was not clear. When somatostatin (3.8 micrograms/min), an inhibitor of GLN secretion, and ala were infused simultaneously, G.F.R. was lower than when ala alone was infused. The data suggested that the ala-induced renal effects were mediated by GLN. PMID- 6611831 TI - Serotonin, and mouse spinal neurones in cell culture. AB - Two different responses to serotonin have been observed. One response was a depolarization accompanied by a decrease in membrane conductance. This response was enhanced at depolarized potentials and reduced at hyperpolarized potentials; the apparent conductance change was also reduced at hyperpolarized potentials indicating some voltage sensitivity of the response. The other response was a depolarization accompanied by an increased membrane conductance. The response was enhanced at hyperpolarized potentials and reversed to a hyperpolarization at -35 to -60 mV. The total number of responsive neurones was small (5%). This might be explained by a deficiency of serotonergic input to the recorded cells, since it was shown autoradiographically that very few neurones in the cultures used exhibited a specific high-affinity uptake for the transmitter, and hence probably contained it. PMID- 6611832 TI - A new open and closed respiration chamber. AB - A new, fully automated, open and closed respiration chamber has been constructed, which is large enough to accommodate man or comparable sized animals. Metabolic rate is calculated from measured changes in respiratory gas volumes while the system is hermetically sealed. When CO2 concentration reaches a prescribed level, large ports are opened and the chamber is ventilated. By repeating this process, a series of metabolic determinations can be conducted over an extended period. Temperature, humidity and air velocity are fixed, but chamber volume and pressure vary with changes in the respiratory exchange of the animal and/or barometric pressure. Small, rapid changes in gas volumes are monitored by a low-resistance spirometer and large changes accommodated in a second, high-volume, motorized spirometer. Chamber operations, data acquisition and metabolic calculations are performed by a small computer. System calibration with methanol combustion indicates that estimates of respiratory gas exchange are highly accurate over a temperature range from 10-40 degrees C. PMID- 6611834 TI - The control of the strength of the caffeine contracture in frog atrial trabeculae: an activity of the sodium-calcium exchange. AB - In frog atrial trabeculae low-Na contractures and caffeine contractures evoked in Na-poor solutions are increased by raising the external Ca concentration [( Ca]o), lowering the external Na concentration [( Na]o) or by tissue depolarization in K-rich fluids. The source of activator Ca for the low-Na and the caffeine contractures is probably different because Na-withdrawal contractures are inhibited by Mn2+ but unaffected by local anaesthetics, while the caffeine contractures are potentiated by Mn2+ and inhibited by local anaesthetics. The spontaneous relaxation of the low-Na contracture has a rate constant of 0.055 +/- 0.009 s-1, at room temperature for any [Na]o, [Ca]o or external K concentration [( K]o). The spontaneous relaxation of the caffeine contracture in Na-free fluid has a similar rate constant. However, the rate of spontaneous relaxation is increased if Na+ is present in the bathing medium and analysis of the results of experiments done in solutions with different [Na]o, [Ca]o or [K]o, suggests that two processes are involved in the reduction of the internal Ca concentration [( Ca]i) and the fall of tension. One, also responsible for the spontaneous relaxation of the low Na contracture, is dependent on metabolic energy and may be intracellular in origin. The other depends upon the activity of the sarcolemmal Na/Ca exchange, persists in the presence of metabolic inhibitors and is also activated during a low Na contracture when [Na]o is raised, or [Ca]o is lowered. The contractile response, of frog cardiac muscle to caffeine, would seem to be largely due to a release of Ca2+ from an intracellular store, but the strength of the resulting contracture depends upon a competition between the contractile proteins and the Na/Ca exchange for the released Ca2+. PMID- 6611833 TI - Effect of unilateral hind limb vibration on blood rheology in rabbits. AB - The right hind limb of twelve rabbits was vibrated for 15 min. Blood samples were taken before vibration from the right hind limb and after vibration from both the vibrated and the non-vibrated hind limbs. A control series was also run. Estimations were made of: haematocrit, whole-blood viscosity, erythrocyte xi potential and plasma fibrinogen concentration. There was no significant change in whole-blood viscosity in either limb after vibration. Erythrocyte xi potential was significantly increased (in both limbs) after vibration. Fibrinogen concentration did not change (in either limb) after vibration. Yield stress was significantly reduced (in both limbs) after vibration. High Shear Casson Law slope decreased in the vibrated limb after vibration. PMID- 6611835 TI - Effects of moderate increases in vitamin intake by rats during pregnancy and lactation. AB - Rats were given a multivitamin diet supplement during pregnancy and lactation that moderately exceeded recommended dietary allowances of the vitamins. The vitamin regimen had no significant effect on length of the gestation period, number of pups found alive on the day of their birth, weights of pups at birth or weaning (21 d), or survival of pups to weaning. PMID- 6611836 TI - Intercommunication in the rat supraoptic nucleus. AB - The vasopressin and oxytocin cells of the rat supraoptic nucleus fire in characteristic discharge patterns during hormone release. The present paper discusses the possible role of intercommunication between supraoptic neurones in determining these patterns. In contrast to earlier reports, recent electrophysiological and anatomical evidence suggests that strong coupling is not widespread within the nucleus. However, it remains possible that local release of a neuromodulator, perhaps vasopressin itself, may modify the phasic discharge patterns of the vasopressin cells. The neurosecretory cells project to areas outside the nucleus, and also to a few interneurones within the nucleus, which may mediate indirect communication between the supraoptic neurones. PMID- 6611837 TI - Hypothalamic neurone activity: hormone release and behaviour in freely moving rats. AB - A technique for taking long-term recordings from single hypothalamic neurones in freely moving rats is described. The neurones were classed as magnocellular on the basis of antidromic activation from a chronically implanted neurohypophyseal stimulating electrode. Activity of magnocellular neurones in suckling revealed that 73% of the spontaneously discharging cells (n = 8) showed bursts of high frequency excitation time-locked to reflex milk ejection. These cells were classed as putative oxytocinergic neurones. Non-responsive magnocellular neurones (n = 3) were tentatively identified as vasopressinergic. In many ways, these periods of activation were similar to those described in anaesthetized animals. The differences between these experimental situations are discussed. The discharge patterns of nine magnocellular neurones was studied in natural labour and correlated to the observed events of parturition. The activity of these cells was then followed in the post-partum suckling period and differentiated into activity recorded from putative oxytocinergic and vasopressinergic cells on the basis of their response before reflex milk ejection. All magnocellular neurone showed bursts of increased discharge after forceful abdominal straining movements but only the putative oxytocinergic neurones (n = 4) showed activation before delivery. PMID- 6611838 TI - Mitral valve prolapse: an assessment of clinical features, associated conditions and prognosis. AB - One hundred and eighty-two patients (100 females, 82 males) with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) confirmed by echocardiography are described. Their ages range from 12 to 87 years (mean 48 years). The symptoms of breathlessness, pain in the chest and palpitations were analysed. They were associated with left ventricular failure, co-existing ischaemic heart disease and arrhythmias in some, but in a proportion the symptoms were thought to be due to psychoneurosis. Seventy-two patients (40 per cent) were referred because of complications of MVP. In 67 patients (37 per cent) the condition was discovered by chance and in 43 patients (24 per cent) neurotic symptoms had led to referral to hospital. A systolic click was heard in 117 patients (54 per cent); 41 patients (23 per cent) had a late systolic murmur and 30 patients (16 per cent) had a pansystolic murmur. The incidence of murmurs rose with increasing age, and pansystolic murmurs were more frequent in males. Thirty-two patients (18 per cent) had neither a click nor a murmur. Twenty-four patients (13 per cent) had associated supraventricular tachycardia and 22 (12 per cent) atrial fibrillation. Twelve patients (7 per cent) had severe mitral incompetence and eight (4 per cent) developed bacterial endocarditis. Only three patients had symptoms suggesting cerebral ischaemia. Twelve patients (7 per cent) had associated aortic incompetence. Twenty-two patients had had an inguinal hernia, the incidence in males over 50 being 26 per cent. Twenty-six patients (14 per cent) had non-specific T wave changes in the electrocardiogram. Echocardiography showed that 112 patients (62 per cent) had mid-systolic buckling of the posterior leaflet and 70 patients (38 per cent) had holosystolic prolapse. In view of the high incidence of complications it is felt that the long-term prognosis not as good as has been generally believed. PMID- 6611839 TI - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: three years' experience. AB - We review the experience of the Renal Unit at Newcastle upon Tyne over the three years 1979-1981, during which 122 patients with chronic renal failure were treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Advantages of the technique included wide acceptability to a cross-section of patients reaching the renal unit, including the elderly and diabetics. Patients who experienced both techniques preferred CAPD to haemodialysis because of the greater freedom and sense of well-being. Patient survival was 94 per cent at two years and rehabilitation was as good as could be expected for the age and primary medical complications of the patients. Control of plasma potassium and phosphate was easier than with haemodialysis. Renal osteodystrophy responded well to a combination of CAPD and alfacalcidol therapy over the two year period for which we have performed serial bone biopsies. Serum aluminium was slightly raised as a result of consumption of phosphate binders and presumed uptake from dialysis fluid but no aluminium related disease has yet been encountered. Anaemia was partly corrected by CAPD with haemoglobin rising to about 10 g/dl on average. CAPD was less costly than home haemodialysis over the first three years and has been adopted as our standard treatment for patients who can expect an early transplant. Disadvantages were persisting problems with peritonitis which still occurred at an incidence of one attack per 39 patient weeks over the last two years, and an actuarial success rate for the technique of only 63 per cent at two years. Twenty patients developed hernias. Weight gain was common and occasionally gross. There was a significant rise in serum cholesterol. The arrival of CAPD has allowed us to increase the intake to our renal failure programme by 50 per cent. However, continued expansion of the technique demands advances in prevention of peritonitis, adequate facilities for admission and particularly an expanding hospital haemodialysis programme to accept the less successful patients from CAPD. PMID- 6611840 TI - Glomerulonephritis, thymoma and myasthenia gravis. AB - Three patients with myasthenia gravis, in whom a thymoma had been removed during total thymectomy four to 14 years earlier, developed glomerulonephritis presenting as the nephrotic syndrome. All had been treated previously by plasma exchange and were receiving azathioprine. Two were also taking prednisolone. Serum immune complexes containing IgM were present in all three. Renal histology showed either focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, minimal change lesion or focal proliferative glomerulonephritis. No immunoglobulin deposits were seen. Two patients lost their proteinuria on high dose corticosteroid therapy and their renal function improved. Glomerulonephritis occurred in nine per cent of patients with thymoma receiving immunosuppressive treatment with azathioprine for more than two years. We suggest that this treatment may be implicated in its aetiology. PMID- 6611841 TI - A study on the effects of severe repetitive exercise on serum myoglobin, creatine kinase, transaminases and lactate dehydrogenase. AB - Two groups of young men taking part in a 24-day training course involving increasingly severe exercise were studied. Serum myoglobin, creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB, transaminases, lactate dehydrogenase, urea, creatinine, calcium and uric acid were estimated at intervals. During the first few days, increases in myoglobin and muscle enzymes correlated with the severity of the preceding exercise. Increases in myoglobin and muscle enzymes after the final most severe exercising were less than with the initial exercising, demonstrating the effect of physical training. The changes in myoglobin and the muscle enzymes correlated closely. Elevated myoglobin levels persisted for over 24 hours. There was no consistent correlation between changes in myoglobin and uric acid, both of which have been considered responsible for the renal failure which may occur with rhabdomyolysis. PMID- 6611842 TI - Improvement of renal function during long-term treatment of severe hypertension with minoxidil. AB - Sixty-nine patients with refractory hypertension were treated with minoxidil and in 66 good control of blood pressure was achieved. Renal function was stabilized in 31 patients in whom the serum creatinine was normal at presentation. Twenty eight patients with impaired renal function had a substantial fall in serum creatinine (25 per cent) during the first three to six months of treatment and this improvement was maintained. In contrast, renal function in six out of seven patients with primary renal disease continued to deteriorate despite adequate control of blood pressure. Effective control of blood pressure prevents or reverses impairment of renal function in patients with refractory hypertension not associated with primary renal disease. PMID- 6611843 TI - DNA repair kinetics in irradiated undifferentiated and terminally differentiated cells. AB - The brains of male Fisher 344 rats bearing 80-150 mg intracerebral 9L/Ro tumors were irradiated with doses of 1,250-5,000 rads of x- or gamma-rays. At various times after irradiation, the cerebellum and tumor were excised, dissociated into single cells and the DNA from these cells sedimented through alkaline sucrose gradients in zonal rotors with slow gradient reorienting capability. Quantitation of the DNA repair kinetics demonstrated that the process in both tumor cells and neurons has a fast and slow phase. Although all other alternatives cannot be completely eliminated, we suggest that these two phases are most reasonably interpreted as representing repair of lesions in very accessible and less accessible regions of the genome rather than 1) repair of different types of lesions such as single- or double-strand breaks or 2) removal of immediate breaks and breaks induced during excision repair of latent base damage. The slow repair phase is saturable, but not inducible in both tumor cells and neurons. The data suggest that tumor cells restore their chromosomal DNA structure to the unirradiated state faster than neurons because 1) they contain more of the repair system per unit of DNA and 2) a larger proportion of their genetic material is comprised of very accessible regions. The data also suggest that the entire tumor cell genome may be accessible to the repair enzyme(s), while it is possible that a portion of the neuronal genome may be completely inaccessible. PMID- 6611844 TI - An analysis of the distribution and dose response of chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes after in vitro exposure to 137Cesium gamma radiation. AB - The chromosome aberration yield for human lymphocytes exposed in vitro to various doses of 137Cesium has been studied. Dicentric, total acentric, and excess acentric data were seen to follow a Possion distribution. Calculated total hits demonstrated over-dispersion which could possibly be accounted for by a greater occurrence of single-hit phenomena being repaired than two-hit exchange processes. The resulting distribution generally contained an under-representation of cells with odd numbers of hits and an over-representation of zero- and even hit classes as compared with Poisson predicted values. The relationship between dicentric yield and dose received in rads was fitted to the linear-quadratic formula Y = alpha D + beta D2 for dicentrics, yielding values of (20.1 +/- 3.8) X 10(-4) (aberrations/cell)/rad and (1.89 +/- 0.75) X 10(-6) (aberrations/cell)/rad2 for alpha and beta respectively. A plot of percent 'normal' cells versus the dose in rads resembled cell survival curves and was fitted to the relation P(D) = 100 e-Y where Y = alpha D + beta D2 with alpha = (23 +/- 11) X 10(-4) rad-1 and beta = (8.3 +/- 2.5) X 10(-6) rad-2. A possible use of scoring 'normal' cells for purposes of biological dosimetry is presented. PMID- 6611845 TI - Strontium-90 and caesium-137 in Indian tea. AB - The paper presents results of measurements made on tea samples, collected during 1961-1979 period for their strontium-90 and caesium-137 content. Tea was found to contain higher concentration of these radioisotopes compared to other food-stuffs having vegetative origin. Levels in tea are compared with those in leafy vegetables from both India and Japan. Interpretation for higher concentrations in tea compared to leafy vegetables is briefly given on the basis of agro-climatic conditions. The levels are also considered from the point of view of health hazard. PMID- 6611846 TI - The action of azimexone on the cells of the hemopoietic system in mice, especially after damage with X-rays. AB - Mice were exposed to single doses of whole body X-irradiation (1 - 2 - 4 Gy) or were treated with sulphur mustard (15 mg/kg body weight i.p.). This treatment caused a reduction of the pluripotent stem cells in the bone marrow, of the total count of nucleated bone marrow cells in the femora and of the WBC in the peripheral blood. The size distribution of the bone marrow cells showed three separate peaks. From the histological examination of the bone marrow of X irradiated mice it was deduced that the first peak represents erythrocytes, the second lymphocytes and the third peak the precursors of red and white blood cells. Multiple doses (25 - 50 - 100 mg/kg body weight) of azimexone, an immunomodulating substance, led after moderate doses of X-rays (2 Gy) or sulphur mustard to a more rapid recovery of the various parameters. In particular a stimulant action of azimexone on the pluripotent stem cells of mice not subjected to the injurious agents could also be demonstrated. PMID- 6611847 TI - Biophysical radiosensitization. AB - Experimental studies on normal and tumor-bearing rats revealed that chronic treatment with hydroquinone (5 mg/kg/day) inhibited catalase activity in liver, spleen, blood, and H 18R tumor. 3H-hydroquinone (1.5 microCi/g body weight) showed tumor specificity, with maximum radioactivity in the tumor at 1 h after administration. The biological half-time of 3H-hydroquinone in the tumor was 2 h, but there seems to exist a longer component, since 24 h after administration, some 30% of the maximum radioactivity could be detected in the tumor. Hydroquinone treatment produces a specific inhibition of catalase in the tumor and a higher degree of oxygenation at this level. These findings support the assumption that the mechanism of action of hydroquinone as an anticancer agent is achieved mainly via peroxide production. The oxygenation of the hypoxic tumoral tissue is done at non-toxic levels of hydroquinone, through a natural and specific biophysical pathway, recommending hydroquinone for combined anticancer treatment (radiotherapy and chemotherapy). PMID- 6611848 TI - Effects of a combination of X-rays and caffeine on preimplantation mouse embryos in vitro. AB - The influence of a combination of caffeine (0.1 mM, 1 mM, or 2 mM) and X-rays (0.24 Gy, 0.94 Gy, or 1.88 Gy) on preimplantation mouse embryos in vitro was studied under different conditions. The agents were applied either singly or in combination. The embryos were irradiated in the G2-phase of the two-cell stage (28 h p. c. or 32 h p. c.) either 1 h after or immediately before application of caffeine. Caffeine was present during the whole incubation period (until 144 h p. c.). The effects on the microscopic visible development (formation of blastocysts 96 h p. c., hatching of blastocysts 144 h p. c.) and on the cell numbers of embryos at different times (48 h p. c., 56 h p. c., 96 h p. c., 144 h p. c.) were determined. We found conditions under which caffeine markedly enhanced radiation risk, i.e., under which the combination effect exceeded the sum of the single effects. This is true, in particular, for the embryonal development, for which the risk may almost be doubled, whereas the enhancement of risk is not so great for the proliferation of cells. In some cases the combination results lie even outside the envelope of additivity in the range of supra-additivity. The amount of caffeine necessary for such marked effects, however, is so high (at least 1 mM caffeine for rather long times), that it is almost impossible to reach them in vivo by consumption of caffeine-containing beverages. PMID- 6611849 TI - Kinetics of telencephalic neural cell proliferation during the fetal regeneration period following a single X-irradiation at the late organogenesis stage. II. Cycle times and the size of the functional compartment of neural epithelial cells of distinct lesion districts. AB - Autoradiographic studies were conducted at the cerebral hemispheres of mouse embryos X-irradiated on day 12 of gestation and of normal litter mates during the subsequent developmental period. By counting the percentage of labeled mitoses the generation time, the potential doubling time, the growth fraction, as well as the length of the individual cell cycle stages of the neuroblast cells were determined. A continuous increase of generation time was found in the normal brains, concomitant with a latero-medial gradient in telencephalic wall differentiation progress. After X-irradiation this normal differentiation pattern still prevails, but with some marked topographical peculiarrities. The most important finding was a significant lengthening of the generation time at the medially situated rudiments of the ventricular zone and, similarly at the heterotopic cell islets located within the intermediary zone. Concomitant with this effect, which was seen mainly on days 15 and 17 of gestation, there was a marked increase of mitotic time of these special neuroblasts. The latter finding was regarded as a random event only, which has no causal relationship to the pathogenesis of the heterotopic islets or similar overgrowth anomalies after X irradiation. In spite of the long generation time of these histological peculiarities, they make a considerable contribution to the regeneration of the injured telencephalic wall: Up to day 15 of gestation the heterotopias had a growth fraction of nearly 1.0 (= 100%), whereas the percentage of proliferating cells within the orthotopic remainders of the ventricular zone was only 44%. PMID- 6611850 TI - Resistance of human erythrocytes containing elevated levels of vitamin E to radiation-induced hemolysis. AB - Human erythrocytes were isolated from the blood of healthy donors and then incubated in the presence of suspensions of alpha-tocopherol for 30 min at 37 degrees C. Unabsorbed tocopherol was removed by centrifugation using several washes of isotonic phosphate-buffered saline. Washed erythrocytes were resuspended to 0.05%. Hct and exposed to hemolyzing doses of 60Co gamma radiation, and hemolysis was monitored continuously by light scattering at 700 nm in a recording spectrophotometer. The extent of hemolysis with time was sigmoid and data analysis was carried out on the time taken for 50% hemolysis to occur (t50%). The vitamin E content of erythrocytes was significantly elevated by the incubation procedure and resulted in the cells exhibiting a significantly increased resistance to hemolysis as reflected by the extended t50% values. Oral supplementation of 500 IU of vitamin E per day to eight normal human subjects for a period of 16 days also resulted in their washed erythrocytes exhibiting a significant increase in resistance to radiation-induced hemolysis. When comparing vitamin E incubated cells with control cells, both the dose-reducing factor (DRF) and the time for 50% hemolysis quotient (Qt50%) were observed to increase with increasing radiation dose. PMID- 6611851 TI - DNA damage in irradiated endothelial cells of the rat cerebral cortex. Protective action of cysteamine in vivo. AB - The induction and repair of DNA damage in single endothelial cells of rat cerebral cortex capillaries were studied in vivo and in vitro. Capillaries from the cerebral cortex were prepared in suspension, embedded in agarose on microscope slides, and treated with alkaline solution (unwinding of DNA). After neutralization the slides were stained with the fluorescent dye acridine orange and endothelial cell nuclei were evaluated in a microscope photometer. The intensity of the red fluorescence (from single-stranded DNA) divided by the green fluorescence (from double-stranded DNA) was used as a measured of DNA strand breaks. The results showed that most DNA strand breaks were repaired within 30 min postirradiation. A linear dose-effect relationship was found up to 18 Gy. Similar results were obtained from in vitro and in vivo experiments. Cysteamine administered 20 min before irradiation in vivo gave a protective effect on the cells studied. An EMF of 1.3 was determined. PMID- 6611852 TI - Hyperthermic potentiation of unrejoined DNA strand breaks following irradiation. AB - Previous reports have suggested that the potentiation of cellular radiation sensitivity by hyperthermia may be due to its inhibition of the repair of single strand breaks in DNA. Such inhibition could result in increased numbers of unrejoined breaks at long times following irradiation, lesions that are presumed to be lethal to the cell. As a test of this hypothesis, the amounts of residual strand-break damage in cells following combined hyperthermia and ionizing radiation were measured. The results show that hyperthermia does significantly enhance the relative number of unrejoined strand breaks as measured by the technique of alkaline elution and that the degree of enhancement is dependent on both the temperature and duration of the hyperthermia treatment. For example, compared to unheated cells, the proportion of unrejoined breaks measured 8 hr after irradiation was increased by a factor of 1.5 in cells that were treated for 30 min at 43 degrees C, by a factor of 6 for cells treated for 30 min at 45 degrees C, and by a factor of 4 for cells treated at 43 degrees C for 2 hr. In experiments in which the sequence of heat and irradiation were varied, a high degree of correlation was observed between the resulting level of cell killing and the relative numbers of unrejoined strand breaks. The greatest effects on both of these parameters were observed in those protocols in which the irradiation was delivered either during, just before, or just after the heat treatment. PMID- 6611853 TI - The metabolism of radiohafnium in rats and hamsters: a possible analog of plutonium for metabolic studies. AB - The metabolism of radiohafnium (175Hf + 181Hf) was studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats and Chinese hamsters for periods of up to 168 days. The results were compared with similar data for 239Pu in the same rat strain. In rats and hamsters the radiohafnium organ distribution was skeleton greater than skin greater than muscle greater than liver at about 7 days postinjection. Retention of radiohafnium and plutonium was similar in plasma and liver, as were the retention times observed for other organs: Absorption of radiohafnium from the gastrointestinal tract of rats was less than 0.05%. Biochemical studies showed that the radiohafnium was bound mainly to the iron-transport protein, transferrin, in blood plasma and in the liver cytosol of both the rat and the hamster, as has been observed also for plutonium. The metabolic behavior of radiohafnium mimics, to a large extent, that of plutonium, and it is suggested that radiohafnium can serve as a non-alpha-particle-emitting analog of plutonium for metabolic, biochemical, and selected human investigations. PMID- 6611854 TI - A comparison of the lethal effects of intracellular radionuclides in human and rodent cells. AB - The relative sensitivities of a human diploid fibroblast strain (AG1522) and an established line of contact-inhibited mouse embryo fibroblasts (10T1/2) were compared after incorporation of [3H]thymidine or [125I]iododeoxyuridine into the cellular DNA and growth at 37 degrees C. Whereas these cells show similar sensitivities to acute X irradiation, the D0 for clonal survival of the mouse fibroblasts was 5- to 10-fold higher than the D0 for the human fibroblasts for both 3H and 125I. A large difference in sensitivity between these two cell types was also seen after protracted irradiation from 3H2O at 37 degrees C, but this difference was markedly reduced when cells were exposed to 3H2O at 0 degree C to simulate an "acute" irradiation. An established human tumor cell line was similarly hypersensitive to killing by 3H2O at 37 degrees C as compared with early passage diploid hamster embryo cells. These results indicate that human cells are more radiosensitive than rodent cells when a radiation dose is protracted over several days rather than given as an "acute" exposure, and are consistent with the hypothesis that human cells are hypersensitive to low-dose rate irradiation as compared with rodent cells. PMID- 6611855 TI - The repair of sublethal damage in diploid human fibroblasts: a comparison between human and rodent cell lines. AB - Two diploid cell lines of human origin were irradiated in vitro. Repair of sublethal damage was observed in both lines when they were exposed to a single gamma-ray dose and incubated at 37 degrees C prior to receiving a graded second dose. In addition cells were irradiated at a low dose rate (56 or 76 rad/hr) and survival was compared to that after an acute exposure. A dose-rate effect was demonstrated. Sublethal damage repair was also studied using CHO or V-79 Chinese hamster cells, and the data suggest that the degree of repair is similar in human and rodent cell lines at photon doses up to 500 rad. The repair of sublethal damage can be a significant factor in the survival of human cells in vitro for fractionated doses. PMID- 6611856 TI - Quantitative radiation dose-response relationships for normal tissues in man. II. Response of the salivary glands during radiotherapy. AB - A quantitative dose-response curve for salivary gland function in patients during radiotherapy is presented. Salivary-function data used in this study were obtained from four previously published reports. All patients were treated with 60Co teletherapy to the head and neck using conventional treatment techniques. Salivary dysfunction was determined at specific dose levels by comparing salivary flow rates before therapy with flow rates at specific dose intervals during radiotherapy up to a total dose of 6000 cGy. Fifty percent salivary dysfunction occurred after 1000 cGy and eighty percent dysfunction was observed by the end of the therapy course (6000 cGy). The salivary-function curve was also compared to the previously published dose-response curve for taste function. Comparisons of the two curves indicate that salivary dysfunction precedes taste loss and that the shapes of the dose-response curves are different. A new term, tissue tolerance ratio, defined as the ratio of responses of two tissues given the same radiation dose, was used to make the comparisons between gustatory and salivary gland tissue effects. Measurements of salivary gland function and analysis of dose-response curves may be useful in evaluating chemical modifiers of radiation response. PMID- 6611857 TI - Heat-stress proteins and thermal resistance in rat mammary tumor cells. AB - Exposure of clone MTC rat 13672NF mammary adenocarcinoma cells to continuous heating at 42 degrees C or to heating for 20 min at 45 degrees C followed by incubation at 37 degrees C induced or enhanced synthesis of several heat-stress proteins (hsp) detectable by [3H]leucine pulse labeling, gel electrophoresis, and fluorography. Hsp synthesis occurred during development and expression of thermal resistance. For example, continuous heating of MTC cells at 42 degrees C after a rapid temperature transient (about 4 min) produced thermal resistance within 4 to 5 hr of initiation of heating. Hsp synthesis was observed within 2 hr of the cells reaching 42 degrees C and continued throughout 8 hr of heating; four major hsp appeared at nominal molecular weights of 112, 90, 70, and 22 kDa. A slow temperature transient from 37 degrees to 42 degrees C over a 3-hr period increased thermal resistance by a factor of about 2 relative to a rapid transient or "shock" to 42 degrees C. However, hsp synthesis was not significant during the slow heat transient and was either reduced (at 70 and 22 kDa) or not increased (at 112 and 90 kDa) compared with the rates of hsp synthesis at the same time intervals after the rapid transient to 42 degrees C. In these mammary tumor cells, no differences in the number of hsp were detected during heating at 42 degrees or after 45 degrees C heating. Other proteins did not appear to change their relative rates of synthesis, with the exception of a clear decrease in proteins with nominal molecular weights of histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. Hsp synthesis was not triggered by cold shock to 23 degrees or 0 degree C, or by radiation of from 2.5 to 10 Gy. Thus hypothermic stress did not enhance hsp synthesis nor were hsp nonspecifically associated with eventual cell lethality. In these experiments, the synthesis of hsp was generally correlated with the development of thermal resistance. Determining the quantity, function, and location of stress proteins may identify targets for thermal killing and resistance. However, one paradoxical observation remains to be resolved. Under the slow temperature transient conditions, the tumor cells attained more thermal resistance with generally reduced rates of hsp synthesis. These results have two possible implications: (a) one or more hsp were not directly related to thermal resistance, or (b) hsp were involved in thermal resistance but their relative rate of synthesis depended on the severity of the heat transient. The latter would imply that the cells made other regulatory or metabolic adjustments and either utilized the hsp more effectively or required less additional hsp. PMID- 6611858 TI - Are lesions induced by ionizing radiation direct blocks to DNA chain elongation? AB - Ionizing radiation blocks DNA chain elongation in normal diploid fibroblasts but not in fibroblasts from patients with ataxia-telangiectasia, even though there are no differences in the damage induced between the two cell types. This difference suggests that radiation-induced lesions in DNA are not themselves blocks to chain elongation in ataxia cells and raises the possibility that in normal cells a mediator exists between DNA damage and chain termination. PMID- 6611859 TI - Experimental condition and the acute reaction of mouse skin to ionizing radiation. AB - The acute reactions of skin of the thigh-leg of normal young adult C3Hf/Sed mice following five equal radiation doses (60Co) were studied in mice irradiated at various leg skin temperatures and while respiring various gas mixtures in control or anesthetized condition (sodium pentobarbital, 0.05 mg/g-1 body wt.) At 25 and 35 degrees C, anesthesia reduced the RD50 (2.5+ reaction) by 4-5%. An increase of temperature from 25 to 35 degrees C resulted in a decrease in RD50 by 10-12% for subjects respiring air or 5% for subjects respiring O2 at 1 or at 3 ATA. The major modifier of radiation response was to change from respiration of air to O2 at 1 or 3 ATA. Enhancement ratios for RD50 Air/O2 1 ATA were 1.4-1.5 for 25 and 35 degrees C. The ratios O2 1 ATA/3 ATA were 1-1.05. PMID- 6611860 TI - Thiols, thiol depletion, and thermosensitivity. AB - Hyperthermia sensitization or tolerance is subject to cellular events that may occur at membrane, nuclear, and cytoplasmic sites. We have studied the effects of elevated temperatures on the oxidative-reductive state of the cell by measuring and altering glutathione (GSH) concentrations. GSH plays a pivotal role in maintaining the overall cellular redox state and detoxification of peroxides. Continuous heating at 42.5 degrees C or acute exposure at 43 degrees C or 45.5 degrees C resulted in rapid elevations of cellular GSH to 120-200% of control values. Qualitatively, the more severe the heat exposure, the quicker the maximal GSH levels are attained. Ethanol, a compound that also induces thermal tolerance, likewise increases intracellular GSH concentrations. GSH depletion by two different modalities, diethylmaleate (DEM) and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), results in thermal sensitization. It was demonstrated that once thermotolerance has been induced, depletion of GSH has minimal effects on subsequent heating and thermotolerance. Heat shock protein (HSP) synthesis is lessened by treatment with buthionine sulfoximine; the extent of the decrease in HSP production correlates with the decrease in thermotolerance. The exogenous thiol cysteine combined with heat treatment results in thermosensitization. Exogenous cysteine is found to oxidize to cysteine and to enhance oxygen consumption. The use of N acetylcysteine resulted in less oxygen consumption and less thermosensitization. A proposed mechanism of peroxide-induced cell damage is suggested by exogenous thiols, as well as an involvement of GSH in the initial aspects of thermotolerance induction. PMID- 6611861 TI - Reduced oxygen enhancement of the radiosensitivity of glutathione-deficient fibroblasts. AB - Following the demonstration of the radioprotective role of artificial aminothiols, the question logically arose concerning the role of aminothiols present naturally in cells: non-protein bound sulfhydryls (NPSH), especially glutathione (GSH). The latter is the most abundant NPSH and would be a likely candidate for a radioprotector. PMID- 6611862 TI - Interpretation of cytogenetic damage induced in the germ line of male mice exposed for over 1 year to 239Pu alpha particles, fission neutrons, or 60Co gamma rays. AB - The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of 239Pu alpha particles, fission neutrons (0.85 MeV), and 60Co gamma rays has been evaluated for the induction of reciprocal chromosome translocations in spermatogonia and of chromosome/chromatid fragments and chromatid rearrangements in the primary spermatocyte of adult male B6CF1 mice. Age concurrency was maintained for both internal and external radiations which were delivered at about 1 rad/week for 239Pu (single intravenous dose of 10 microCi/kg), 0.67, 1.67, and 2.67 rad/week for neutrons, and 6.95, 17.4, and 32 rad/week for gamma rays for at least 60 weeks. In terms of frequency of translocations, the response to the alpha emitter was nonlinear (concave downward) with little dose-response predictability; to cumulative neutron exposures the response was linear, without evidence of a dose-rate effect; and to gamma radiation the responses were linear, and a significant dose-rate effect was seen. RBE estimates are variable. For translocations, the n/gamma ratio is between 10 and 24, depending upon weekly dose level, and the ratio is 1 or less for the alpha particle relative to the neutron. For fragments, the n/gamma ratio is 18 to 22, depending upon age factors, and alpha/n is 1.5. For chromatid rearrangements, n/gamma is 7 and alpha/n is essentially indeterminate, but much below one. The overall response to the alpha emitter is interpreted to be a complex function of (a) microdosimetric heterogeneity, (b) a nearly invariant deposition pattern in the gonad, (c) the high sensitivity of differentiating spermatogonia to cell killing, and (d) the capacity of stem cells in relatively radiation-free areas to progressively assume the major spermatogenic role. PMID- 6611863 TI - Comparative toxicity of 226Ra, 239Pu, 241Am, 249Cf, and 252Cf in C57BL/Do black and albino mice. AB - Groups of C57BL/Do (black and albino) mice were injected with graded activities of 226Ra, 239Pu, 241Am, 249Cf, or 252Cf and were followed throughout life. Bone sarcoma was the principal radiation-induced end point, and the risks associated with average skeletal doses of the four transuranium radionuclides, relative to radium, were determined. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) was calculated for each emitter by dividing its risk coefficient (bone sarcomas per 10(6) mouse-rad) by the risk coefficient for 226Ra. Combined data for males and females in both black and albino mice gave the following values +/- SD for the RBE relative to 226Ra = 1.0: 239Pu = 15.3 +/- 3.9, 241Am = 4.9 +/- 1.4, 249Cf = 5.0 +/- 1.4, and 252Cf = 2.6 +/- 0.8. About 70% of the tumors occurred in the axial skeleton, and the risk coefficient for females averaged about four times higher than for males when all five nuclides were included. The RBE of fission fragment irradiation from 252Cf for cancer induction, relative to alpha irradiation, for the combined data in all of the animals given 252Cf and 249Cf, was 0.02 +/- 0.28, in agreement with the calculated theoretical value of 0.03, based on the ratio of summed track lengths in tissue. PMID- 6611864 TI - Radiosensitivity of four human tumor xenografts. Influence of hypoxia and cell cell contact. AB - Contact effect (CE) and hypoxia have been studied in human tumor cell lines transplanted in athymic nude mice. Four cell lines--one melanoma (Bell) and three colorectal adenocarcinomas (HT29, HRT18, and HCT8)--were studied. Cell survival was determined with an in vivo to in vitro colony-forming assay. Survival curves were obtained under three different conditions: (1) tumor cells irradiated in air breathing mice, (2) tumor cells irradiated in animals asphyxiated for 10 min, and (3) tumor cells plated and irradiated either immediately or 5 hr later. For all cell lines, radiosensitivity appeared to be lower when cells were irradiated in vivo than when they were irradiated in vitro. Only in the case of the HCT8 tumor did the relative in vivo radioresistance seem to be linked to hypoxia; in the other cell lines, hypoxia alone could not account for the lower in vivo radiosensitivity. Our results suggest that a CE plays an important role in the response of human tumor xenografts to irradiation. PMID- 6611865 TI - Covalent DNA-protein crosslinking occurs after hyperthermia and radiation. AB - Covalent DNA-protein crosslinks occur in exponentially growing mouse leukemia cells (L1210) after exposure to ionizing radiation. The amount of DNA-protein crosslinks as measured by a filter binding assay is dose dependent upon X irradiation. Although hyperthermia and radiation in combination are synergistic with respect to cell lethality, the combination does not result in an increase of DNA-protein crosslinks when assayed immediately following treatments. Hyperthermia (43 degrees C/15 min) given prior to radiation does not alter the radiation dose dependency of the amount of initial crosslinking. In addition, the amount of DNA-protein crosslinking produced by heat plus radiation is independent of the length of heating the cells at 43 degrees C. The DNA-protein crosslinks produced by 50-Gy X ray alone are removed after 2 hr at 37 degrees C. However, if hyperthermia (43 degrees C/15 min) is given prior to 100-Gy X ray, the removal of DNA-protein crosslinks is delayed until 4.0 hr after radiation. Phospho-serine and phospho-threonine bonds are not produced with either radiation or the combination of hyperthermia plus radiation as judged by the resistance of the bonds to guanidine hydrochloride. However, hyperthermia plus radiation causes an increase in phosphate to nitrogen type bonding. These results show that radiation alone causes covalent DNA-protein crosslinks. Hyperthermia in combination with radiation does not increase the total amount of the crosslinks but delays the removal of the crosslinks and alters the distribution of the types of chemical bonding. These data suggest that the synergistic action on hyperthermia with radiation is more related to the rate of removal and the type of chemical bonding involved in the covalent DNA-protein crosslinks rather than the amount of DNA protein crosslinks. PMID- 6611866 TI - [Damage by gamma rays and heavy ions to superhelical structures of nuclear DNA]. AB - Chinese hamster cells (V79-4), human lymphocytes and mouse ascites cell were exposed to gamma-rays and heavy ions (4He and 12C). Sedimentation of complexes containing DNA was studied after cell lysis by centrifugation in a neutral sucrose gradient. The distinctions noted after irradiation with gamma-rays and heavy ions are consistent with the idea of the superhelical organization of DNA into discrete and membrane-bound compact units. According to the estimates made the diameter of these complexes was approximately 0.2 micron and DNA content, about 2 X 10(9) dalton. PMID- 6611867 TI - [Enhancement of the biological effectiveness of low-energy quantum radiation. Microdosimetric basis for a selective radiation effect on chromosome material in cells]. AB - Microdosimetric data are presented indicating the possibility of a selective action of ionizing radiation on the chromosomal material of cells using low energy electrons and photoelectrons formed, as the result of the photoeffect, on the incorporated or native atoms inside DNA upon irradiation with low-energy quantum radiation ("X-activating" effect). A presumed biological effectiveness of the "X-activating" effect on B-16 melanocarcinoma, with bromine and iodine incorporated into the DNA molecule, was estimated. PMID- 6611868 TI - [Kinetics of proliferative processes induced by phytohemagglutinin in irradiated lymphocytes]. AB - The kinetics of the induced process of normal and exposed human lymphocytes to DNA synthesis and mitosis has been analyzed in detail. It was shown that the capacity of the exposed lymphocytes of repeated entering the phase of DNA synthesis was sharply decreased and the average length of the prereplicative period increased. PMID- 6611869 TI - [Effect of MEA on the accumulation of DNA breaks in Bac. stearothermophilus irradiated with gamma and ultraviolet rays and treated with nitrosomethylurea]. AB - beta-Mercaptoethylamine (MEA) decreased the accumulation of enzymatic single- and double-strand breaks in DNA of thermophilic bacteria exposed to gamma- and UV radiation and treated with N-nitroso-N-methylurea. The protective effect of MEA, as registered according to accumulation of single-strand and double-strand breaks in DNA of Bac. stearothermophilus immediately after irradiation and after 30 min postirradiation incubation, was similar. PMID- 6611870 TI - [Effect of dose magnitude and fractionation on the radiation damage to bone marrow cells forming granulocyte-macrophage colonies in diffusion chambers]. AB - The ability of CFUdc to repair radiation-induced lesions in the irradiated body was studied by the methods of dose fractionation and dose-rate reduction. With the dose-rate decreased from 1-0.5 Gy/min to 0.02 Gy/min, a mean lethal dose per cell increased from 1.35 up to 1.93 Gy. With fractionation of the dose, the known picture of repair of sublethal radiation lesions was obtained the second survival peak being insignificant. The authors discuss the possible causes of the distinctions in the repair parameters of CFUdc obtained by the two methods. PMID- 6611871 TI - [Radiosensitivity of mouse bone marrow and spleen CFUdc during gamma-irradiation in different oxygenation conditions]. AB - After exposure in vitro and in situ CFUdc of CBA mouse bone marrow and spleen were characterized by the comparable parameters of radiosensitivity and oxygen dependent modification: the values of D0 for bone marrow and spleen cells were 1.31 and 1.35 Gy (in vitro) and 1.36 and 1.37 Gy (in situ), and the values of the oxygen effect were 2.3 and 2.5, respectively. PMID- 6611872 TI - [Mathematical model of a simultaneous combined effect of ionizing radiation and hyperthermia]. AB - A mathematical model has been proposed suggesting that the synergistic action of a combination of ionizing radiation and hyperthermia is conditioned by additional lethal damages arising from the interaction of "sub-lesions" induced by both agents. The model describes quantitatively the synergism of the combined action of the agents used and predicts the maximal value of the synergistic effect and conditions in which it can be achieved. PMID- 6611873 TI - [Radiosensitizing and damaging effect of hyperthermia on different biological systems. Radiosensitizing and damaging effect of hyperthermia on cells of mouse La leukemia]. AB - When mouse leukosis cell suspensions were subjected to heating the survival rate of animals decreased exponentially with increasing time of heating. It is shown that the increase of temperature for 1 degree C in the range 40-45 degrees C is equivalent to a decrease in the heating time by a factor of approximately 2. The hyperthermia-induced increase in the radiosensitivity of leukosis cells was dependent upon a medium in which heating was performed. PMID- 6611874 TI - [Lymphocyte migration in internally irradiated animals. Effect of internal gamma radiation on the migration properties of spleen lymphocytes labeled with 51Cr]. AB - In experiments on CBA mice it was shown that migration of 51Cr-labeled spleen lymphocytes, injected intravenously, to lymph nodes of intact recipients was suppressed 6-24 months after the administration of a radiopharmaceutic preparation of selenium-75-selenomethionine in a quantity forming the doses of 1 Gy and 1.5 Gy absorbed within the whole body and lymphoid organs, respectively. Migration of labeled lymphocytes to the liver, kidneys and lungs, as well as their retention in the circulating blood, were increased. As the result of the migration disorders the specific affinity of lymphocytes for peripheral lymphoid tissue decreased. PMID- 6611875 TI - [Lymphocyte migration in internally irradiated animals. Effect of internal beta radiation on the migration of spleen lymphocytes in CBA mice]. AB - The syngeneic transfer system was used to study migration of 51Cr-labelled spleen lymphocytes in mice after incorporation of beta-emitter, 35S-methionine. Migration of 51Cr-labelled lymphocytes to lymph nodes was stably decreased, and to liver, kidneys and lungs increased. The lymphocyte migration impairment was associated with the influence of beta-radiation on both the migratory properties of cells and the factors of their microenvironment responsible for the lymphocyte migration within the mouse body. No distinctions were observed in the character and manifestation of disturbances of the lymphocyte migration after the injection of 35S-methionine and gamma-emitter, 75Se-selenomethionine. PMID- 6611876 TI - [Effect of roentgen radiation on histones and DNA in rat bone marrow and liver nuclei]. AB - A study was made of a change in a total concentration of histones and DNA and a relative content of individual histone fractions in the isolated nuclei of bone marrow and liver of rats 3 h to 14 days following X-irradiation with different doses. A considerable decrease in the concentration of histones and DNA in the nuclei and a change in the relative content of individual histone fractions were observed in the bone marrow. In the liver, these changes were less pronounced. PMID- 6611877 TI - [Change in aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activity in rats exposed to plutonium-239 in combination with external gamma-radiation]. AB - Activity of alanine- and aspartate aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatase in the liver and blood serum was studied during 17 months after the administration of plutonium-239 (92.5 kBq/kg) to rats preirradiated with gamma-rays (103.2 and 51.6 mC/kg). The dynamics of changes in the activity of the enzymes under study was undulatory; the changes observed in the enzymic activity under the combined effect of the two types of radiation exhibited certain distinctions from those caused by their separate action. PMID- 6611878 TI - [Dose relationship of the electric conductivity of liver cells at early periods after gamma-radiation]. AB - The dependence of electroconductivity and electric capacity of isolated liver cells, irradiated in vitro, upon radiation dose (within 100 Gy) was described by an extreme curve characterized by the presence of a "critical" dose (25 Gy) at which the effect was maximum. The kinetics of changes in the electric parameters, which were measured at early times following irradiation (up to 4 h), has an opposite direction. The possibility is discussed that peroxidation and repair processes in membrane lipids are involved in the effects observed. PMID- 6611879 TI - [Radiosensitivity of hematopoietic stroma precursor cells from long-term bone marrow cultures]. AB - Radiosensitivity of hemopoietic stroma precursors from long-term bone marrow culture was measured by implantation of adherent cell layer under renal capsule of syngeneic mice. D0 was 4.86 +/- 0.15 Gy and n was 2.4, i.e. radiosensitivity of cultured cells was nearly the same as that of stromal precursors from fresh bone marrow. PMID- 6611881 TI - [Age-related characteristics of postradiation regeneration of the blood system]. AB - This study was pursued on hybrid (CBA X C57Bl)F1 mice at the ages of 17 and 27 months irradiated at a dose of 4 Gy. It was shown that the postirradiation recovery of haemopoiesis in old mice was the same as in the young (2-3 month old), and in some respects (for instance, granulocytic and erythroid cells of the bone marrow, and CFUc) the recovery was even more active exhibiting a period of a pronounced hyperregeneration. PMID- 6611880 TI - [Antiradiation and toxic effect of ATP, AET and serotonin administered in combination to mice. Optimal relations between component doses]. AB - It was established that the optimal dose ratio (high effectiveness and minimum toxicity) between the components in the combination: serotonin/AET/ATP was 1/3/45. It was shown that the radioprotective effect was conditioned by AET and serotonin the latter being more significant. ATP played a minor role in the total protective effect decreasing however, the toxicity of the combination. PMID- 6611882 TI - [Plasmocyte reaction in intact and irradiated mice after administration of native globulin and globulin denatured by gamma rays]. AB - In studying the plasmocyte reactions in the regional lymph nodes of intact and irradiated mice immunized with native and irradiated globulin it was established that the preparation exposed to 60Co-gamma-rays exhibited an increased capacity of activating the plasma cell proliferation. PMID- 6611883 TI - [Factors responsible for increasing the cytogenetic effectiveness of cyclophosphamide administered to irradiated animals. Cytogenetic effect of mutagens not requiring metabolic activation on bone marrow cells of irradiated rats]. AB - The cytogenetic action of mutagens, that do not require metabolic activation (embichin and sarcolysine), and X-radiation on rat bone marrow was studied 1 month after preliminary irradiation with the dose of 4.25 Gy. The frequency of chromosome aberrations induced by the above-mentioned effects was the same as that in nonirradiated rats. PMID- 6611884 TI - [Factors responsible for increasing the cytogenetic effectiveness of cyclophosphamide administered to irradiated animals. Mutagenic effect of cyclophosphamide on irradiated and intact cells in culture]. AB - The frequency of cyclophosphamide-induced chromosome aberrations in preirradiated cultures of L-cells and embryonal rat fibroblasts has been estimated. The mutagen was subjected to nonenzymatic activation in solution at 37 degrees C. In contrast to the results previously obtained on animals we failed to observe any influence of preirradiation on the cytogenetic effect of cyclophosphamide. PMID- 6611885 TI - [Factors responsible for increasing the cytogenetic effectiveness of cyclophosphamide administered to irradiated animals. Frequency of chromosome aberrations in locally irradiated rat bone marrow cells]. AB - A study was made of the frequency of chromosome aberrations induced by cyclophosphamide (CP) in the bone marrow of preirradiated rats (exposure of crus with the body shielded, and vice versa). A reliable evidence was obtained in favor of a change in the metabolism of CP in the irradiated body which was the cause of the enhancement of its cytogenetic action. PMID- 6611886 TI - [Effect of microwave radiation on cellular immunity indices in conditions of chronic exposure]. AB - CBA male mice and albino mongrel rats were exposed to microwave radiation (2375 MHz) of various intensity during 1 to 3 months. The T-system immunity status was studied in vivo and in vitro. Substantial changes have been revealed in the cell immunity system, resulting from the long-term action of microwaves of a non thermal intensity, and latent lesions manifested with functional loads. PMID- 6611887 TI - [Calculation of the modification in acute radiation injury to dogs with partial shielding of the red bone marrow]. AB - It was shown that shielding of a relatively small area of the bone marrow during acute total--body irradiation of dogs permitted to obtain a prognosticated constant increase in the survival rate within a wide range of doses exceeding the minimal absolutely lethal ones. PMID- 6611888 TI - [Physical work capacity of rats following exposure to ionizing radiation]. AB - The increase in the radiation dose from 2.5 to 15 Gy leads to a progressive diminution of the dynamic and static physical work capacity of animals. PMID- 6611889 TI - [Incorporation of tritium into the DNA of hematopoietic tissues during prolonged administration of tritium oxide]. AB - With long-term (90 days) administration of tritium oxide (0.37 MBq/g body weight) to ras the carbon-bound tritium accumulated in DNA of haemopoietic tissues during two-month administration of the isotope (the accumulation half-time of 15-25 days); during the next month, the isotope level remained nearly constant (about 20 X 10(6) decay/min/g DNA). Elimination of tritium from DNA started 3 days after termination of its administration and proceeded with two half-times (4-8 days and 12-18 days). The ratio of the tritium content per 1 M hydrogen of DNA to tritium content per 1 M hydrogen of tissue water increased up to 0.5-0.7 during the uptake of tritium oxide, and up to 4-7 after the administration of the isotope had ceased. PMID- 6611890 TI - [Effect of a constant magnetic field and gamma radiation on the hereditary structure of somatic cells. Effect of the combination of a constant magnetic field and ionizing radiation on human lymphocytes in vitro]. AB - Samples of human whole blood were exposed in CMF (field induction, 0.3 T) for 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240, 300 or 360 min. 15 min following exposure, the samples were gamma-irradiated in a dose of 0.0516 C/kg (137Cs) at a dose rate of 1.95 A/kg. The following chromosome aberrations were scored: deletions dicentrics, rings, and symmetrical exchanges. Exposure of the blood in CMF for 15 to 360 min decreased radiation damage to cells as compared with unexposed irradiated samples. The extention of time from 15 to 180 min increases the effect the smallest amount of chromosome damages being scored at 150-180 min. A 2.8 - fold, 3 - fold and 3.5 - fold decrease was registered in the number of aberrant cells, deletions and dicentrics, respectively. With increasing time of exposure (240 min), the radiomodifying effect started decreasing, and with 300 360 min exposure it was the same as that observed at 15-45 min. PMID- 6611891 TI - [Effects of nonuniform distribution of absorbed radiation energy among elements of a population]. AB - The reaction of a particular element of the population, when this element has absorbed some portion of ionizing radiation energy, and the response of the whole population to a given radiation dose are discussed. Functions of the element reaction are supposed to be increasing or decreasing. The formulae have been obtained describing a correlation between the element reaction as a function of the radiation energy absorbed and the response of the whole population as a function of the radiation dose absorbed. PMID- 6611893 TI - CT-image quality improved by further development of the Somatom. PMID- 6611892 TI - Reducing radiation doses to the breast, thyroid and gonads during diagnostic radiography. AB - The skin entry and exit doses on patients undergoing routine radiographic examinations of areas in which the breast, thyroid and gonads are included in the primary beam were measured using thermoluminescent dosimeters. To obtain further information about patient doses, measurements were also made on a phantom at similar skin positions and at the positions of these organs. Comparisons of the doses to these radiosensitive organs were made for the antero-posterior and postero-anterior projections. In cases where it was found that the doses were reduced by the use of non-conventional relationship between the relative positions of the patient and the film, suggestions are made for the adaptations which would have to be made to X-ray equipment to enable these projections to be taken routinely. Other techniques, such as air gap techniques and thyroid shielding, whereby patient doses can be reduced during routine radiography are also examined. Finally the implications of these results for radiation protection of patients are considered. PMID- 6611894 TI - Homo sapiens radiographica. AB - This paper is intended to outline the sociological, educational and psychological background of the radiographer. It traces the development through to the final product--homo sapiens radiographica (with apologies to the more pedantic scholars of Latin). PMID- 6611895 TI - Caring for elderly patients. PMID- 6611896 TI - Tomography--measurement of skin dose. Were the results invalid? PMID- 6611898 TI - Xeroradiography for ophthalmic applications. PMID- 6611897 TI - In defence of the method. PMID- 6611899 TI - [Roentgen diagnosis of external hernias of the anterior abdominal wall]. PMID- 6611900 TI - [Array of radiological procedures for evaluating the progression and planning the surgery of scolioses]. PMID- 6611901 TI - [Contribution of thermography in the case of aggressive tumors of the locomotive apparatus which are not positively identified by angiography]. PMID- 6611902 TI - [Roentgen findings in cysticercosis]. PMID- 6611903 TI - [Percutaneous sclerotherapy of renal cysts]. PMID- 6611904 TI - Measurement of right ventricular ejection fraction using the Fourier analysis of equilibrium gated scintigraphy. PMID- 6611905 TI - [Current status of nuclear medicine technics for studying the central nervous system within the framework of neuroradiological diagnosis. Round Table discussion at the 18th Symposium of the Nuclear Medicine Section of the DDR Society for Medical Radiology, Reinhardsbrunn 1981]. PMID- 6611906 TI - Diagnostic value of Tc-99m-HIDA cholescintigraphy and ultrasonography in patients with suspected acute cholecystitis. A Bayesian approach. PMID- 6611907 TI - [Relative renal storage time in minutes of 131-I-hippuran as a quantitative function parameter]. PMID- 6611908 TI - [Long-term studies on children exposed in utero to small doses of radiation]. PMID- 6611909 TI - [Dose measurements for patients and radiation-exposed personnel during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography]. PMID- 6611910 TI - [Experimental studies of film density using a roentgen exposure system with special reference to the effect of scattered radiation]. PMID- 6611911 TI - [Detection of microcalcifications by mammography with intensifying screens]. PMID- 6611912 TI - [Comparison of amidotrizoate and ioxaglate in angiocardiography of chronic ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6611913 TI - [Distribution and excretion of iodamide-380 determined by roentgen fluorescence analysis]. PMID- 6611914 TI - Cranial computed tomography and real-time sonography in full-term neonates and infants. AB - The results of cranial ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) were compared in 52 full-term neonates and young infants. The chief indications for examination included: increasing head size, dysmorphic features, myelomeningocele, inflammatory disease, and asphyxia. Disorders detected included hydrocephalus, parenchymal abnormalities, intracranial hemorrhage, extraparenchymal fluid collections, and vascular and other developmental malformations. Hydrocephalus and subdural collections were seen in patients referred for all clinical indications, whereas diffuse parenchymal abnormalities, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and intraventricular hemorrhage occurred primarily in patients with hypoxia. CT and US essentially were equivalent in detecting hydrocephalus, moderate to large intraventricular hemorrhages or subdural collections, and large focal parenchymal lesions, although CT was somewhat better in determining the level and cause of obstruction in patients with hydrocephalus and characterizing parenchymal abnormalities. CT was more sensitive than ultrasound in detecting subarachnoid hemorrhage (100% vs. 0%), diffuse parenchymal abnormality (100% vs. 33%), and small intraventricular hemorrhages (100% vs. 0%) but these lesions often were not clinically significant. The results suggest that US should be used as the primary neuroradiological examination in term infants; CT probably should be reserved for further investigation after US in those patients with a history of hypoxia and progressive clinical deterioration. PMID- 6611915 TI - Septum pellucidum fenestration: visualization by ultrasound. AB - Septum pellucidum fenestration is demonstrated ultrasonically in a 22-week-old fetus and a 2-month-old infant. PMID- 6611916 TI - The tethered spinal cord: diagnosis by high-resolution real-time ultrasound. AB - High-resolution real-time ultrasonography of the lumbosacral spine was performed in 10 control patients and in six patients with suspected spinal dysraphism. The spinal cord was readily visualized in both groups. Lack of ossification of the posterior arch of the spine in normal infants and the presence of a bony defect in patients with spina bifida permit sonographic investigation of the spinal canal and its contents. It is concluded that the diagnosis of spinal cord tethering can be established rapidly by high-resolution real-time ultrasonography, which may be used in screening patients with suspected occult spinal dysraphism. PMID- 6611917 TI - Lenz-Majewski syndrome. AB - Lenz-Majewski syndrome is a rare disorder of unknown etiology. The condition is characterized by a disproportionately large head with large fontanels and widely separated sutures that close late. The head appears large relative to the reduced size of the trunk and limbs. The skin is loose, wrinkled, and atrophic with prominent veins, especially in the scalp. The ears are large and floppy, and frequently there is choanal atresia or stenosis, nasolacrimal duct obstruction, and, in boys, cryptorchidism and inguinal hernia. The disorder is characterized by failure to thrive and mental retardation. In contrast to craniometaphyseal and craniodiaphyseal dysplasias, the conditions most likely to be mistaken for this disorder, there does not appear to be any impingement on cranial nerves. The skeletal alterations are striking. The radiographic features include progressive sclerosis of the skull, facial bones, and vertebrae; broad clavicles and ribs; short or absent middle phalanges; diaphyseal undermodeling and midshaft cortical thickening; metaphyseal and epiphyseal hypostosis; and retarded skeletal maturation. Tooth enamel is also defective. PMID- 6611918 TI - Paraspinal interfaces in the lower thoracic area in children: evaluation by CT. AB - Computed tomography was used to examine the three paraspinal interfaces (lines), consisting of the right and left paraspinal areas and the prespinal area in the lower thorax in 20 children. The abnormal CT findings were correlated with plain radiographic findings. The various disease contributing to paraspinal abnormality included malignant and benign neoplasm and inflammatory disease. Neuroblastoma was the most common entity. Fourteen of 20 patients had paraspinal masses representing either metastasis or lymphoma. Four had small pleural effusions and two had a combination of small pleural effusion and masses. Plain radiographs also showed the paraspinal masses, except in the prespinal area, where four of seven abnormalities seen with CT were not detected with plain radiographs. CT also better demonstrated the extent of involvement than did plain radiography. PMID- 6611919 TI - Small-bowel volvulus as a complication of gastrostomy. AB - The authors describe a case of small-bowel volvulus around a gastrostomy tube, caused by displacement of the stomach away from the anterior abdominal wall with resultant rostral migration of the bowel. PMID- 6611920 TI - Perforated appendix presenting with severe diarrhea. Findings on barium-enema examination. AB - Severe diarrhea and marked lower abdominal cramps are unusual manifestations of appendicitis. The authors performed a barium-enema examination (BE) on 9 pediatric patients who were ultimately shown to have a perforated appendix and pelvic abscesses. In 8 cases, the atypical symptoms initially led to an incorrect clinical diagnosis. In all 9, the BE demonstrated extensive inflammatory changes of the rectosigmoid colon, caused by the surrounding pelvic infection. Recognizing this clinical and radiographic association could lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 6611921 TI - Dynamic computed tomography of the pituitary gland: the "tuft sign". AB - Diagnosis of an intrasellar pituitary microadenoma by CT may be difficult if the only finding is a small defect in enhancement. The diagnosis can be facilitated by dynamic CT of the pituitary gland in the coronal plane. This method permits visualization of the capillary bed of the pituitary, whose displacement ("tuft sign") could be an indication of the presence of a microadenoma. PMID- 6611922 TI - Carotid-cavernous fistula: closure with detachable silicone balloons. AB - Detachable silicone rubber balloons, which do not require an outer catheter to effect detachment, were used to close carotid-cavernous fistulas in 10 patients. Closure was effective in nine of 10 patients. The internal carotid artery was intentionally occluded in two patients. The procedure resulted in inadvertent occlusion of the internal carotid artery in three patients. Follow-up studies showed no recurrence of the fistula; nor did any permanent neurologic deficits develop as a result of the procedure. The balloon catheter system and techniques of introduction are discussed in detail. The system is compared with other silicone and latex balloon systems that require a coaxial catheter for detachment. Technical and clinical problems are illustrated. PMID- 6611923 TI - Myelography in achondroplasia: value of a lateral C1-2 puncture and non-ionic, water-soluble contrast medium. AB - Because of technical difficulties and diagnostic limitations encountered with other myelographic techniques in patients with achondroplasia, the authors employed a lateral C1-2 puncture and non-ionic, water-soluble contrast medium in 18 achondroplastic patients with spinal compression (21 procedures). This technique proved most appropriate for identifying the upper limit of degenerative osteophytes causing exacerbation of congenital spinal stenosis, which is crucial in planning decompressive surgery. A potentially important additional finding was the presence of degenerative lower cervical spine disease in the majority of patients. There were no serious complications. The authors recommend this technique as safe and effective in achondroplastic patients with severe congenital spinal stenosis. PMID- 6611924 TI - The facial nerve between the stylomastoid foramen and the parotid: computed tomographic imaging. AB - A small segment of the facial nerve between its exit from the stylomastoid foramen and its entrance into the parotid is surrounded by fat and, therefore, can be imaged well using modern computed tomography. A small dot can be seen surrounded by fat just beneath the stylomastoid foramen on computed tomographic scan. To verify that this indeed represented the facial nerve, tissue sections and an injection into the mastoid segment of the intratemporal facial nerve were performed. The anatomic correlation and clinical material demonstrating involvement of the facial nerve in this region are presented. PMID- 6611925 TI - Peripheral middle lobe syndrome. AB - Classically, the middle lobe syndrome has been described as being caused by a central obstruction. Clinical records and radiologic findings were reviewed in 129 patients examined between 1955-1981 who had chronic disease in the right middle lobe and/or lingula. Fifty-eight patients (45%) had no evidence of a central obstructive lesion. The majority were middle-aged women with histories of chronic cough and chest pain. Bronchoscopic and radiologic evaluation served to exclude central lesions. Surgical confirmation was available in 38 patients. Pathologic study showed varying degrees of chronic inflammation, pneumonia, and bronchiectasis. Surgical results were excellent in isolated disease. Chronic atelectasis and pneumonitis of the right middle lobe and/or lingula do not always imply central obstruction. A lack of collateral ventilation is a plausible theory to explain the pathophysiology in such patients. PMID- 6611926 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance contrast enhancement study of the gastrointestinal tract of rats and a human volunteer using nontoxic oral iron solutions. AB - Two dilute oral iron solutions, made from commonly available nonprescription dietary supplements, were found to enhance the gastrointestinal tract in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of live rats and one human volunteer. The paramagnetic and pharmacologic properties of ferric ammonium citrate were more favorable than those of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate. The paramagnetic iron solutions shorten T1 and T2 relaxation times of water protons in the contrast media-filled gastrointestinal tract, producing easily observable change in NMR intensity. Because these iron solutions are available commercially and are known to be well tolerated, the clinical use of iron-containing NMR contrast agents for the gastrointestinal tract is feasible. PMID- 6611927 TI - Primary lower extremity lymphedema: CT diagnosis. AB - The CT findings of two cases of primary lymphedema of the lower extremities are presented. CT showed a coarse, nonenhancing, reticular pattern in an enlarged subcutaneous compartment. CT excluded the diagnosis of secondary lymphedema from an obstructing mass by demonstrating a normal retroperitoneum and pelvis. The CT findings are correlated with pedal lymphangiograms. PMID- 6611928 TI - Monitoring the response of lymphoma patients to therapy: correlation of abdominal CT findings with clinical course and histologic cell type. AB - A review was made of 365 abdominal computed tomographic (CT) examinations in 125 patients with a histologic diagnosis of lymphoma who had undergone CT before and after therapy. Clinical correlation immediately preceding the follow-up CT examination was obtained in 100 patients. In these 100 patients, five distinct subgroups emerged: (a) reduction in extent of disease without changes in internal nodal characteristics; (b) reduction in extent of disease with change in internal nodal characteristics; (c) no change in extent of disease and no change in internal nodal characteristics; (d) no change in extent of disease but change in internal nodal characteristics; and (e) disease progression. Changes in internal nodal architecture consisted of diminished attenuation or mesenteric "stranding." A 91% correlation existed between the CT findings and the clinical course. Of those patients with a worsening clinical course, and follow-up CT studies suggesting a stable or improved response to therapy, relapse in the majority (57%) involved the central nervous system. The authors conclude that limited abdominal CT examination is satisfactory in the posttherapy follow-up of lymphoma patients. PMID- 6611929 TI - Computed tomography, ultrasound, and scintigraphy of the liver in patients with colon or breast carcinoma: a prospective comparison. AB - A prospective evaluation of computed tomography (CT), ultrasonography (US), and Tc-99m sulfur colloid scintigraphy of the liver was performed in 189 patients who had either colon (n = 129) or breast (n = 60) carcinoma. Imaging was performed with fourth-generation CT scanners, gray-scale or phased array ultrasound scanners, and 37-tube gamma cameras. Studies were evaluated independently and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed. In addition, a standard 2 X 2 matrix analysis was performed. In patients who had all three examinations (n = 122), the matrix analysis showed that CT had a slightly higher sensitivity (0.93) than scintigraphy (0.86) or US (0.82); specificities were 0.88, 0.83, and 0.85, respectively. These differences were not statistically significant. However, ROC curves showed that CT had the highest true-positive ratio at every false-positive ratio, and that US had the lowest. The performance of CT did not differ significantly from that of scintigraphy, but was better than that of US (p less than .05), especially in patients with breast carcinoma. Overall, CT provided the most accurate means for detecting liver metastases from both primary lesions. PMID- 6611930 TI - Bedside chest radiography: diagnostic efficacy. AB - In order to evaluate the efficacy of bedside chest radiography, a prospective study was completed of 140 patients admitted to the surgical and medical intensive care units over a two-month period. A total of 1132 consecutive bedside radiographs was analyzed for malposition of tubes and lines and interval changes in the cardiopulmonary findings. The median number of bedside radiographs per patient was 0.7 per day. Endotracheal or tracheostomy tubes were present in 54% of all examinations; among these 12% were malpositioned. Central venous catheters were present in 47%; among these 9% were malpositioned. Interval changes regarding cardiopulmonary findings (pneumothorax, collapse, diffuse or focal infiltrate, effusion, and congestive heart failure) were present in 44% of the radiographs after the admission one. Overall there were new findings or changes affecting the patient's management present in 65% of the radiographs. The use of bedside radiography appeared to be appropriate. PMID- 6611931 TI - The perihepatic spaces: computed tomographic and ultrasound imaging. AB - The appearance of perihepatic fluid collections on sectional imaging is discussed. The coronary ligamentous attachments of the right lobe of the liver to the diaphragm delineate a bare area that separates the right subphrenic and posterior subhepatic spaces. These attachments explain the configuration of right perihepatic fluid collections on sectional images and allow differentiation of subphrenic, posterior subhepatic, and pleural fluid with ultrasound and computed tomography. More medially, the caudate lobe of the liver invaginates the superior recess of the lesser sac, so that fluid collections within this recess may mimic intrahepatic masses on sectional images. This is illustrated with anatomic sections, computed tomographic scans, and ultrasound images. PMID- 6611932 TI - The perirectal fascia: morphology and use in staging of rectal carcinoma. AB - A revised anatomy of the perirectal fascia is proposed based on more than 2,000 CT examinations of the lower pelvis. CT examination showed that the perirectal fascia completely encloses the "capsula adipose rectalis" within the subperitoneal space and separates the perirectal compartment from the "pararectal connective tissue." The accuracy of CT in preoperative staging of rectal carcinoma was also demonstrated. It is concluded on the basis of 155 preoperative CT examinations of rectal carcinoma that CT staging is superior to Mason's clinical staging scheme, although routine staging by CT is not justified because slight perirectal tumor spread and lymph node metastasis cannot be predicted accurately. PMID- 6611933 TI - Congenital anomalies of the seminal vesicles: spectrum of computed tomographic findings. AB - Four cases of congenital seminal vesicle anomalies were evaluated using computed tomography. Abnormalities ranged from complete absence of the seminal vesicle to solid and cystic enlargement. Three cases had ipsilateral renal agenesis. Seminal vesicle lesions are uncommon, but may be detected more commonly in the future with increased use of computed tomography, and should be considered when evaluating males with pelvic masses. PMID- 6611934 TI - Granulomatous enterocolitis: findings by ultrasonography and computed tomography. AB - Granulomatous enterocolitis was evaluated in 51 patients by ultrasonography, and in 14 of those patients also by computed tomography (CT). The features of granulomatous enterocolitis include abscesses in various locations and bowel loops that are matted and inflamed, dilated due to obstruction, or have thickened walls. Although the diagnostic findings of ultrasound and CT examinations are not as specific as those of barium-enhanced radiographic examinations, they are helpful in the clinical management of patients. Serial ultrasound examinations are ideal to demonstrate progression or regression of the inflamed bowel-loops and abscesses. Real-time scanning is important in the differentiation of fluid filled or matted and inflamed bowel-loops from abscesses. However, manual scanning is usually better for the delineation of the abdominal wall and complicated retroperitoneal abscesses. PMID- 6611936 TI - Tracheal size and shape: effects of change in intraluminal pressure. AB - We used CT to examine the tracheas of two healthy adults at functional residual capacity, first at an intratracheal pressure of +20-cm H2O and then at -20-cm H2O. In the intrathoracic portions of the tracheas there was little change in cross-sectional area between the two pressures. However, in the neck the cross sectional areas decreased by about one third from the higher pressure to the lower. The membranous posterior wall of the woman's extrathoracic trachea bulged backwards strikingly at the higher pressure but was drawn well into the tracheal lumen at the lower pressure. The two tracheas were 6% and 12% shorter at the lower pressure, and the intratracheal volume was 17% to 23% less. The data show that the size and shape of the extrathoracic portion of the normal adult trachea are very responsive to moderate changes in intraluminal pressure. PMID- 6611935 TI - Renal arteriovenous fistulas and aneurysm: sonographic findings. AB - Two cases of congenital renal arteriovenous fistula and one case of intrarenal arterial aneurysm that were prospectively evaluated by real-time sonography are presented. The cirsoid type arteriovenous fistula had a characteristic sonographic appearance and was seen as a cluster of tubular anechoic structures within the kidney; it was supplied by an enlarged renal artery and drained by a dilated renal vein. Both the fistula (aneurysmal type) and the renal artery aneurysm were associated with a peripheral thrombus in the wall of the aneurysm and a central tubular anechoic lumen. The arterial aneurysm was also associated with visible pulsations on real-time sonograms. When present, the sonographic features as seen in these cases should facilitate a correct diagnosis, or at least suggest a renal lesion of vascular origin to be confirmed by renal angiography. PMID- 6611937 TI - Cervical pregnancy diagnosed by ultrasound. AB - The preoperative diagnosis of cervical pregnancy by ultrasound is described. To the authors' knowledge, this is the third such diagnosis that has been reported in the literature. Ultrasound examination showed a gestational sac with smooth margins occupying the entire cervix in a 23-year-old woman. It is suggested that this diagnosis be considered in the appropriate clinical setting of painless first trimester vaginal bleeding in a patient who has had an abortion or other gynecologic surgery. PMID- 6611938 TI - Digital scanned projection radiography: optimization of image characteristics. AB - Fast interactive programs for the investigation of the effects of different processing methods were developed in an attempt to optimize the diagnostic value of digital scanned projection radiography (SPR) data. Filters from two classes of functions with varied frequency characteristics were evaluated. Arbitrary combinations of filtered and unfiltered images were generated. Speed was achieved by implementing the filtering as a convolution operation with standard computed tomography hardware (20 sec/image). The criteria for the choice of the reconstruction parameters are discussed. The clinical results show that suppressing the low-frequency content of the image, as in smoothing, low-pass filtering, and subtracting the background from the original image, optimizes the diagnostic value of SPR images. PMID- 6611940 TI - Cancer of the glottis: prognostic factors in radiation therapy. AB - The authors conducted a multivariate analysis of the prognostic factors in 96 patients with early glottic cancer treated by radiation therapy. Of these, 73 had T1 and 23 had T2 tumor. The primary tumor was controlled in 82% of T1 and 74% of T2 lesions. Actuarial five-year survival rates were 87% for T1 and 74% for T2. Carcinoma of the anterior commissure associated with bilateral vocal cord involvement, subglottic tumor extension, persistent or recurrent laryngeal edema, and impaired cord mobility was found to adversely influence the prognosis. The data suggest that irradiation is the treatment of choice for glottic cancer limited to the vocal cords or with minimal extension to the anterior commissure or supraglottic larynx. PMID- 6611939 TI - Galactography: the diagnostic procedure of choice for nipple discharge. AB - Galactography was performed in 204 women with a nipple discharge and the secretion confirmed histopathologically. All 116 intraductal tumors (papilloma, papillomatosis, carcinoma), which were associated with a serous or bloody discharge, were detected preoperatively. A palpable mass had little diagnostic significance, and exfoliative cytology was positive in only 11% (2/18) of the patients with carcinoma. The authors recommend that all patients with a spontaneous bloody or serous discharge from a single lactiferous orifice undergo galactography in addition to physical, cytological, and mammographic examination. Intraductal injection of methylene blue dye will demonstrate the affected duct system to the surgeon and can often make surgery less radical or even unnecessary. PMID- 6611941 TI - Anteroposterior angulated view. A new radiographic technique for the evaluation of spondylolysis. AB - A 30 degrees cranial angulated view for the evaluation of spondylolysis demonstrates the pars interarticularis with minimal distortion and without being obscured by overlying bony structures. The degree of callous formation and bony union can be assessed. PMID- 6611942 TI - Guide wire with a J-shaped tip and a tapered movable core. AB - The authors describe a new catheter guide wire with a combined J-shaped safety tip and a tapered movable core for improved maneuverability. PMID- 6611944 TI - Polymethylmethacrylate blocking trays. The effects of repeated usage. AB - Sheets of polymethylmethacrylate (Lucite), which are commonly used to hold low melting-point alloy blocks for radiation therapy treatments, are frequently recycled; subsequently, they generally contain a substantial number of holes. Experiments which have been performed to measure the deflection of these plates under a load indicate that, even with many holes drilled through the plates, their strength is not diminished significantly. PMID- 6611943 TI - Tangential fields. Improved reproducibility for breast-cancer treatment. AB - The authors describe an isocentric technique to set up tangential fields for breast-cancer therapy. The setup parameters (source-to-surface distance measured at the midline of the sternum, lateral shift of the treatment couch, and the gantry angle) are predetermined from a computed-tomographic image and a transverse contour which is obtained under treatment-like conditions. This procedure does not require breast immobilization and does not rely on skin marks on the breast. PMID- 6611946 TI - The cephalic index as a predictor of impending fetal demise. PMID- 6611947 TI - Re: Excretory urography with glucagon. PMID- 6611945 TI - Re: Adverse reactions to contrast material. PMID- 6611948 TI - Re: Through-the-lens metering and rapid-process copy film exposure times in making slides of radiographs. PMID- 6611949 TI - Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas. Radiological-pathological correlation. AB - Microcystic adenomas and mucinous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas have often been described interchangeably (cystadenoma, cystadenocarcinoma), causing confusion with respect to their radiographic characteristics. The former are composed of innumerable tiny cysts and are benign, whereas the latter contain large, unilocular or multilocular cysts, sometimes with shaggy excrescences, and are either frankly or potentially malignant. Microcystic adenomas are angiographically hypervascular and may have central calcification. Sonographically, they have a mixed hypoechoic and echogenic pattern, while CT numbers reflect a mixture of connective tissue and proteinaceous fluid and contrast enhancement is seen. Mucinous cystic neoplasms are hypovascular and may have peripheral calcification; ultrasound and CT reflect their predominantly cystic character and demonstrate excrescences when present. PMID- 6611950 TI - Inflammatory fibroid polyp of the colon simulating malignancy. AB - The authors report an inflammatory fibroid polyp of the colon which simulated a tumor on the air-contrast barium-enema examination. Histological evaluation revealed the inflammatory nature of the polyp. These rare lesions can be radiographically indistinguishable from primary colon carcinoma. PMID- 6611951 TI - The suprahepatic gallbladder. An unusual anatomical variant. AB - The authors describe a case of ectopic gallbladder found lying posterior to the liver in the subdiaphragmatic space. This condition should be considered whenever the right lobe of the liver is hypoplastic and the gallbladder cannot be visualized on hepatobiliary scans or oral cholecystograms. PMID- 6611953 TI - Giant-cell reparative granuloma of the hands and feet. AB - Giant-cell reparative granuloma occurring outside the jaw is unusual, being seen predominantly in the tubular bones of the hands and feet. It produces a lucent, expansile lesion in the metacarpals, metatarsals, or phalanges. The authors describe the radiographic and pathological features of 5 cases and review the literature. PMID- 6611952 TI - Severed body parts: radiologic evaluation following replantation. AB - Sixty-two replantations of totally severed body parts in 25 patients were followed via serial radiography. Most of these replantations were of digits. Uncomplicated digital replantation showed a definite temporal pattern consisting initially of decreasing mineral content followed by increasing mineral content, decreasing soft-tissue swelling, and increasing callus formation. Deviations from the expected patterns were helpful in predicting complications such as infection and/or osteonecrosis. PMID- 6611954 TI - Inferior vena cava obstruction presenting as an abdominal mass. AB - Obstruction of the inferior vena cava (IVC) was observed as an abdominal mass on the plain radiograph in an asymptomatic patient. The obstruction had developed immediately below the renal veins, and markedly dilated varices were present. The appearance differed from that of the usual congenital caval variants and may have been the result of caval thrombosis in utero. PMID- 6611955 TI - Paired receiver operating characteristic curves and the effect of history on radiographic interpretation. CT of the head as a case study. AB - The use of a statistical technique for paired comparisons using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves is illustrated by studying the extent to which clinical history altered the interpretation of computed tomographic (CT) examinations of the head. Eighty-nine CT examinations of the head were presented in random order to four readers, first with minimum history (age and sex) and then several weeks later with complete neurological history as of the time the CT examination had been obtained. Using a paired ROC analysis, a small but significant (p less than .05) improvement was detected for the interpretations in the presence of complete history; for readings without history the average area was 94.4% and for readings with history it was 97.7%. PMID- 6611956 TI - Apudomas metastatic to the liver: treatment by hepatic artery embolization. AB - Eighteen patients with various apudomas metastatic to the liver underwent hepatic artery embolization. In one group of 14 patients, hepatic artery embolization was the only antineoplastic therapy used during the study period. Three deaths occurred in this group. A partial remission of the hepatic metastases occurred in eight of the 11 living patients. In addition to hepatic artery embolization, a second group of four patients received concurrent hepatic artery infusions of chemotherapeutic agents. A partial remission occurred in three of these patients. Hepatic artery embolization may offer significant palliation for patients with apudomas metastatic to the liver by reducing the tumor bulk and thus decreasing the production of pharmacologically active substances secreted by functioning tumors. The impact of this treatment on the median survival time of patients with apudomas could not be demonstrated. PMID- 6611957 TI - Drugs used for the treatment of dementia. PMID- 6611958 TI - [DNA synthesis of eukaryotic cells]. PMID- 6611959 TI - [Structure and activities of snake neurotoxins: an interview with Dr. Nobuo Tamiya]. PMID- 6611960 TI - [Membrane transport of anticancer drugs--potentiation of antitumor effect by calcium modifiers and overcoming of drug-resistance]. PMID- 6611961 TI - Effect of indomethacin on stretch-induced uterine activity in the post-partum. AB - The uterus at 48 hours after normal delivery was mechanically stretched by the intra-uterine application of an inflated rubber balloon. Inauguration of regular and marked uterine activity was noted subjectively in all 16 healthy subjects and recorded by an external tocometer. The inaugurated uterine activity was significantly suppressed by the rectal application of 100 mg of indomethacin (p less than 0.01), but was not abolished entirely. The uterine activity ceased gradually with the discontinuation of stretching. These results strongly indicate that the purely stretch-induced uterine contractions are mediated by prostaglandins (PGs) which are released by stretching and/or thereby induced uterine contractions. In this study the possible source of PGs appeared to be by the myometrium itself. PMID- 6611962 TI - Leukotriene D4 reduces coronary blood flow in the anesthetized dog. AB - We studied the effects of intracoronary administration of leukotriene (LT)D4 on coronary blood flow and myocardial function in chloralose anesthetized dogs. For comparison, the effects of injections of U-46619 were examined in the same dogs. Both LTD4 and U-46619 decreased coronary blood flow, left ventricular dP/dt and cardiac output. LTD4 was ten times more potent than U-46619 in decreasing coronary blood flow. The effects of neither drug were different after indomethacin administration. PMID- 6611963 TI - Chronic stimulation of uterine prostaglandin synthesis during cervical ripening before the onset of labor. AB - Concentrations of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha (PGFM) were measured in plasma of six carefully selected primigravid women with an unripe cervix at term before and at various intervals after extra-amniotic insertion of a Foley catheter with or without methylhydroxyethylcellulose (Tylose) gel. The procedure caused an acute elevation of PGFM levels within 5 min (P less than 0.025), which was maintained for at least 6 hours in the absence of uterine activation at 179 +/- 32% of the initial values (P less than 0.01). Extra-amniotic administration of Tylose gel caused an increase in PGFM levels which was both higher and more prolonged (greater than 12 hours) than insertion of a Foley catheter alone. The observations indicate that cervical ripening without concomitant uterine activation is associated with an increase in PGFM levels. They also demonstrate that prolonged activation of (intra) uterine prostaglandin synthesis may occur several hours before the onset of labor-like uterine activity. A chance finding further suggests that spontaneous rupture of the membranes too may be preceeded by an increase in (intra) uterine prostaglandin synthesis. In their totality these observations lend strong support to the proposition that an increase in (intra) uterine prostaglandin production is a prerequisite to rather than a consequence of the initiation of labor. PMID- 6611964 TI - Role of endogenous prostaglandins in pregnancy termination by 15-methyl PGF2 alpha. AB - Thirty pregnant women with foetal death in utero received 15-methyl PGF2 alpha to terminate their pregnancies. Two groups (15 cases each) matched for age, gravidity and age of pregnancy were studied. One group received indomethacin suppositories before and during the PG induction while the second group received the prostaglandin analogue therapy only. The group which received the prostaglandin biosynthesis inhibitor showed a longer induction-termination interval, more PG ampoules were used and the number of failed cases was higher. Thus, the Release of Endogenous prostaglandins seems to play a complementary role in the therapeutic termination of pregnancy. PMID- 6611965 TI - Prostaglandin levels in preovulatory follicles from rabbit ovaries perfused in vitro. AB - Prostaglandin (PG) levels in follicular fluid from preovulatory follicles of rabbit ovaries perfused in vitro were measured in order to compare PG changes in this model system with those that occur in vivo and in isolated, LH-treated follicles in vitro. One ovary from each rabbit was perfused without further treatment (control). The other ovary was exposed to LH (0.1 or 1 microgram/ml) beginning 1 hour (h) after initiation of perfusion. Samples of perfusion medium were taken at frequent intervals for measurement of PGE, PGF, progesterone and estradiol 17 beta. The perfusions were terminated when the first ovulation occurred or appeared imminent as judged by changes in the size and shape of the follicles. Follicular fluid was then rapidly aspirated from all large follicles on both ovaries for PGE and PGF measurement. Ovulations occurred only in the LH treated ovaries. Progesterone and estradiol levels were significantly elevated in the perfusion medium within 1 h of LH treatment in comparison to controls. PG levels in perfusion medium from the control and LH-treated ovaries were not different throughout perfusion and increased in both groups. In contrast, PG levels measured in follicular fluid from LH-treated ovaries were 4- to 5-fold greater than in fluid from control ovaries. It is concluded that ovulation induced by LH in this experimental model is accompanied by an increase in follicular PG levels similar to that seen in other in vivo and in vitro models. This difference in follicular PG levels between the LH-treated and control ovaries is, however, not reflected in the perfusion medium. PMID- 6611966 TI - [Objectives with regard to the prevention and control of communicable diseases during the current situation in the country]. PMID- 6611967 TI - [Bacillary dysentery - 1981]. PMID- 6611968 TI - [Infectious diseases in Poland in 1981]. PMID- 6611969 TI - [Food poisoning - 1981]. PMID- 6611970 TI - [Botulism - 1981]. PMID- 6611971 TI - [Diarrhea in infants under 2 years - 1981]. PMID- 6611973 TI - [Infectious mononucleosis - 1981]. PMID- 6611972 TI - [Viral hepatitis - 1981]. PMID- 6611975 TI - [Brucellosis and other zoonoses - 1981. Human brucellosis]. PMID- 6611976 TI - [Rabies - 1981]. PMID- 6611974 TI - [Tetanus - 1981]. PMID- 6611977 TI - [Trichinosis - 1981]. PMID- 6611978 TI - [Intestinal parasites - 1981]. PMID- 6611979 TI - [Scabies - 1981]. PMID- 6611980 TI - [Measles - 1981]. PMID- 6611981 TI - [Whooping cough - 1981]. PMID- 6611982 TI - [Scarlet fever - 1981]. PMID- 6611983 TI - [Erysipelas - 1981]. PMID- 6611984 TI - [Epidemic parotitis - 1981]. PMID- 6611985 TI - [Influenza - 1981]. PMID- 6611986 TI - [Rubella - 1981]. PMID- 6611987 TI - [Meningoencephalitis - 1981. 1. Incidence]. PMID- 6611988 TI - [Salmonella infection - 1981]. PMID- 6611989 TI - [Relations between psychoanalytic concepts and psychoanalytic practice]. PMID- 6611990 TI - ["Psychosomatic families"--dynamics and therapy]. PMID- 6611992 TI - [Memory seeking the future. Aspects of female writing]. PMID- 6611991 TI - [Psychoanalytic aspects of communication. Reflections on a frequently used family therapeutic concept]. PMID- 6611993 TI - [Use of the pressure increase rate (Ao dP/dt) in the ascending aorta for the study of left-ventricular function]. PMID- 6611994 TI - [Studies on the relations between pulmonary emphysema (evaluated indirectly on the basis of various spirometric parameters) and the indicators of lipid metabolism in the blood. I. Patient selection and preliminary results of the studies)]. PMID- 6611996 TI - [Age-related serum aldolase (ALD-FDPA) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity in non-pregnant women]. PMID- 6611995 TI - [Serum immunoglobulins in chronic exposure to manganese]. PMID- 6611997 TI - [Effect of organic solvents containing benzene and its homologues on the hematopoietic system]. PMID- 6611998 TI - [Serum electrolyte, lipid, glucose and cortisol levels in patients with bronchial asthma treated with Kenalog]. PMID- 6611999 TI - [Differential diagnosis of the febrile states]. PMID- 6612000 TI - [Severe Lebaycid poisoning treated with atropine sulfate using a total dose of 42 500 mg]. PMID- 6612001 TI - The preparation of ecotoxicological testing methods in the European community. PMID- 6612002 TI - A systematic approach to reducing the risk of industrially related cancer. AB - One specific concern that has received public attention in recent times is the possible risk of cancer from exposure to industrial chemicals. Although it is not known presently how much cancer is caused by exposure to chemicals from industry, and although the amount is believed by many to be low, responsible corporate actions to reduce the threat of industrially related cancer must be a part of daily business. Even though the personal and emotional impacts of cancer pose a great difficulty in dealing with its risk, if we take a realistic view, it is possible to place the risk into a more manageable perspective and thereby not impede our efforts toward abating it. To that end, we have developed a four stage process for making decisions about cancer risk and actions to reduce it, together with a system for classifying risks as "high," or "low," or "insignificant." The four stages are: hazard identification, hazard evaluation, risk evaluation and risk response. A proper understanding and use of this systematic process by legislative and regulatory bodies could lead to more rational decisions about how to best allocate society's finite resources so as to reduce cancer risks as soon as possible for the largest number of people. Use of this process will also accelerate the handling of the most significant risks first and, until our complex societal mechanisms move to determine what is acceptable risk, it will give us in industry a means for setting priorities and moving in a clearly desirable direction. PMID- 6612003 TI - Science, regulations, and the safe handling of chemicals. PMID- 6612004 TI - The role of the LD50 determination in drug safety evaluation. AB - Acute toxicology studies in animals are essential to drug development. Often such experiments seek to establish precisely the median lethal dose (LD50) in rodents. As scientific needs rarely require an exact value, practices and regulations should be changed to provide the option of obtaining adequate information on the acute toxicity of a drug with fewer animals than the precise LD50 test demands. PMID- 6612005 TI - Environmental health risk management in Canada. AB - The legislative basis of the federal Canadian government's control of toxic chemicals is described and examples are given of the practical application, ranging from recommendations to a ban on the sale of the product. The ordered sequence of risk assessment and the application of risk estimation techniques are considered. It is clear that the ultimate political decision is not amenable to simplistic scientific analysis, although risk analysis is valuable in defining, rather than solving, the problem. PMID- 6612006 TI - The labeling and classification of chemical substances and preparations in the European community. PMID- 6612007 TI - Smoker intake from cigarettes in the 1-mg Federal Trade Commission tar class. AB - Cigarette yields measured by the standard analytical procedures of the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) may not be sufficiently informative to smokers of low-yield brands because actual intake is likely to depend mainly on the aggressiveness of personal behavior. This study determined intake in smokers of 1 mg FTC tar class cigarettes, as they switched brands. Plasma cotinine levels, used as a marker of intake, spanned over a similar range of values from nondetectable to about 800 ng/ml in all brands tested. Pharmacokinetic considerations suggest that smokers of these brands--as a group--intake nicotine in excess of posted FTC values. However, mean values across smokers for each brand, as well as the brand differences in individual smokers, were closely proportional to the analytical differences of FTC nicotine yields for each brand smoked. Thus, standard analytical values may not predict absolute intake of smoke, but they appear to inform about the relative intake smokers can expect from different brands in the 1-mg FTC tar class. PMID- 6612008 TI - Toxicological evaluations of carcinogens and noncarcinogens: pros and cons of different approaches. AB - Toxicological evaluations are performed to provide estimates of the safety/risk entailed in specified exposures to chemicals. This paper presents the two common approaches to toxicological evaluations. One of these assumes the presence of threshold doses. It involves determination of no-effect levels and extrapolation to acceptable daily intakes in man. This procedure has been widely and successfully used for noncarcinogens. For carcinogens, a number of mathematical models have been proposed for estimating the level of risk associated with a specified exposure level or the dose that is considered virtually safe, e.g., with a risk level of 10(-6). Variations of these major approaches are also outlined. Examples are included to indicate that a deficiency of significant biological data, such as an unexpected toxic effect and the marked influence of modifying factors, can invalidate a toxicological evaluation. It is also pointed out that such deficiencies cannot be overcome by any mathematical manipulation of the available dose-response data. PMID- 6612009 TI - Insights on food safety evaluation: a synopsis. AB - The Life Sciences Research Office's Select Committee on GRAS Substances has completed a report entitled, "Insights on Food Safety Evaluation." The report, in conjunction with an earlier report of the Select Committee, reflects the opinions and experiences garnered from a decade of evaluating the health aspects of generally recognized as safe (GRAS) substances. This second report identifies and discusses the principal components of the evaluation process and offers a perception of the issues that are critical for effectively evaluating the safety of foods and other ingested substances. Specific suggestions stemming directly from the Select Committee's experience in the GRAS review are made for improvements in the safety evaluation of food ingredients. Suggestions include phaseout of the GRAS list, modification of the Delaney Clause, utilization of appropriate human testing in protocols for evaluating candidate food additives, development of improved animal tests for behavioral effects of food ingredients, and improvement in procedures for detection of hypersensitivity to food ingredients. General priorities for study of the contribution of food and food ingredients to major causes of mortality and morbidity are also discussed. PMID- 6612010 TI - Safety standards for occupational exposure to dichloromethane. AB - The toxic effects of dichloromethane (DCM) are reviewed. Human dose-response data, tolerance levels, and the effects of physical exercise and smoking on DCM toxicity are reported. Finally, occupational exposure, current NIOSH (1976) recommendations, and the consequences of ill-health as they pertain to DCM in the workplace are discussed. PMID- 6612011 TI - A mathematical model of biodegradability screening tests as an aid to interpretation of observed results. AB - A mathematical model, based on a modification of the Michaelis--Menten and Monod equations describing bacterial growth, has been used to predict the course of removal of the organic substrates in the modified OECD and other screening tests. A range of initial concentrations of bacteria in the inoculum has been selected, using published data on the total bacterial count in secondary sewage effluents and activated sludge, to simulate the wide range of volumes of these materials used in practice. The arbitrary definition of ready biodegradability adopted by the OECD, that is, 5 to the equivalent of 70% DOC removal in not more than 10 days in a total incubation period of 28 days, is expressed in terms of inoculum size and kinetic constants. Modifications are proposed to the screening test with the object of making it more useful and realistic in predicting whether or not a chemical will be removed in sewage treatment. PMID- 6612012 TI - United States Food and Drug Administration approach to risk evaluation and risk management for foods. AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is developing a comprehensive program on risk evaluation and risk management related to foods and food ingredients. Various groups view the FDA differently in terms of potential food hazards, but the regulatory agency is required to follow the laws that reflect a set of social judgments about permissible risks and benefits. The traditional agency approaches to risk management are reviewed and recent plans to consider structural changes in the basic food statute that could lead to greater administrative flexibility are presented. The proposed tentative suggestions discussed embody basic principles that the public health and trust remain the focus of food safety laws. Public confidence in the present system must be retained, it must be a credible system, embody valid scientific data, and the regulatory actions must be taken by FDA scientists who are recognized for their scientific competence. All the proposed actions need to be taken without placing unnecessary economic burdens on industry. The scope of this program is reviewed. PMID- 6612013 TI - Licensing of psychoactive drugs in the Netherlands. AB - The Dutch Board for the Evaluation of Medicines approves applications for a marketing authorization if on the basis of pharmaceutical, pharmacological- toxicological, and clinical data the benefit--risk balance is considered positive. In the Netherlands, almost 4000 drugs have a marketing authorization, 145 of these belonging to the psychotropic drugs. During the Board's existence the number of applications and the number of approvals for antipsychotics and antidepressants decreased, while an increasing amount of anxiolytics was applied for and approved. This phenomenon may reflect the prescribing behavior of doctors. The Board has on several occasions actively influenced the market situation of certain drugs, e.g., amphetamines have almost totally disappeared from the market since a strong restriction of the indications was imposed. A certain shift in the evaluation policy of the Board can be noticed in some respects, for instance, data on chronic use are no longer required for registration of hypnotics. The requirements for registration of antidepressants are less strict than in the past. The Board tries by its registration policy to be an objective interface between the drug-producing companies and the consumer, the patient, and seeks the highest standards possible in the drug market. PMID- 6612014 TI - Physicochemical speciation of toxic fractions of wastewaters. AB - A physicochemical speciation scheme in tandem with bioassays identified the toxic fractions of the wastewater from a base metal refining and fertilizer complex. The toxic fractions were the leachates from suspended solids, purgeables, and bound metals of the dissolved fraction. Most of the metals were bound to macrosolutes of Mr greater than 30,000 and exchangeable by cation- and weak anion exchange resins. In contrast, total chromium and surfactants were bound strongly to microsolutes of Mr less than 1500, removable only by strong anion-exchange resin. PMID- 6612015 TI - [Continuous peridural opiate administration with an implanted pump. Implantation technic and 1st results]. AB - Epidurally administered opiates provide pain relief and may also be used for treatment of chronic pain of malignant origin. Compared to single-shot injection via externalized catheter continuous epidural morphine infusion via implantable pump and epidural catheter offers some advantages. The authors have used this method since October 1982. Functional characteristics of a low-flow continuous system, technique of implantation and preliminary results of this method are presented as a case report. PMID- 6612016 TI - [Intubation anesthesia (combined opiate analgesia) plus modified peridural anesthesia and the endocrine stress-reaction]. PMID- 6612017 TI - [Axillary plexus anesthesia in noncooperative patients]. AB - In 36 non-cooperative patients we performed block of the axillary brachial plexus by using a well recognized catheter technique. A flexible, disposable intravenous cannula was placed into the axillary neurovascular sheath and used for injection of local anaesthetic solution without adverse sequelae. Analgesia for acute and elective surgical procedures was obtained rapidly and independent of any patient's assistance in all cases. Catheter axillary block seems to be a valuable anaesthetic technique in the difficult and risky management of non-cooperative patients. PMID- 6612018 TI - [Changes in ventricle dynamic data in geriatric patients during spinal anesthesia. Results of a polymechanocardiographic study]. AB - Systolic time intervals were performed in 14 elderly patients after spinal anaesthesia. The following parameters were measured or calculated: Heart rate (HR), total electromechanical systole (QS2), pre ejection period (PEP), isometric contraction time (ICT), left ventricular ejection time (LVET), 1/PEP2, PEP/LVET and pdiast/RS1. There was a significant increase of the relation of the pre ejection period to left ventricular ejection time (PEP/LVET), while there were lower values for 1/PEP2 and pdiast/RS1 ratio. The data suggest that compensatory cardiac activity following spinal anaesthesia in geriatric patients is remarkable diminished in contrast to young people. PMID- 6612019 TI - [Cerebral seizures during peridural anaesthesia (systemic reaction following bupivacaine 0.75%)]. AB - In connection with operations on the lower extremities, in the perineum, for vascular surgery, for labour (cesarean section) and for abdominal surgery more than 800 patients were given lumbar epidural anesthesia with plain bupivacaine 0.5% and 100 patients with 0.75% bupivacaine without adrenaline. In one case we observed the dramatic complication of a cerebral convulsion following an epidural analgesia with bupivacaine 0.75% (total dose of 127.5 mg). The convulsion, which occurred to a female patient, can be attributed to possible intravascular injection in correlation with the high concentration of the local analgesic and its fast resorption. This specific complication was treated with 10 mg diazepam which was repeatedly injected intravascular in small doses. Moreover the patient was intubated for a short time and ventilated with pure oxygen in order to avoid a hypoxia of the brain. PMID- 6612020 TI - [Effect of glucose concentration on spinal anesthesia with 0.5% bupivacaine]. PMID- 6612021 TI - [Gastroesophageal reflux: clinical and radiological course]. PMID- 6612022 TI - [Verification of the relation between neurological tests and school performance]. PMID- 6612024 TI - [Role of iron in child nutrition. 1]. PMID- 6612023 TI - [Local evaluation of health programs for children and adolescents]. PMID- 6612025 TI - [The family as a system. 2: Conjectures and dynamics of parent-child relations]. PMID- 6612026 TI - [Febrile convulsions. A therapeutic approach]. PMID- 6612027 TI - [Changes in magnesium in acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6612029 TI - [Preliminary observations on plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol levels in the normal population and their changes with age]. PMID- 6612028 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis in pregnant women with the toxic oil syndrome]. PMID- 6612030 TI - [Selective disorder of renal tubular magnesium transport in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6612032 TI - [Alpha 2-antiplasmin in diabetes mellitus and its relation to diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 6612031 TI - [Neonatal IgM elevation. Clinical significance]. PMID- 6612033 TI - [Lymphomatoid granulomatosis]. PMID- 6612034 TI - [3 cases of Mediterranean boutonneuse fever]. PMID- 6612035 TI - [Cerebrovascular hemorrhage associated with a pseudoinfarction electrocardiographic pattern]. PMID- 6612036 TI - [Sudden death in a case of prolonged QT and vascularization changes at the level of the small intramyocardial vessels]. PMID- 6612037 TI - [Disseminated lupus erythematosus induced by isoniazid manifesting as prolonged fever. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 6612038 TI - [Mortality by socio-occupational categories in urban and rural areas]. AB - Mortality data in France are studied by a cross sectional analysis including both population density (urban or rural aggregates) and socio-economic groups. The socio-economic differentials in mortality increase with the size of localities. Specific social class distribution partly explains the excess of mortality in rural areas and the lowest mortality in the parisian agglomeration. On the contrary social class distribution does not affect mortality in small towns. Nevertheless, the expected effect of social class does not explain all the discrepancies in mortality between urban and rural areas. The population density is a parameter that should be taken into account when analyzing mortality. PMID- 6612039 TI - [Effect of atmospheric pollution (SO2--dust) and meteorological conditions on mortality in Paris between 1969 and 1976]. AB - The short-term effect of environmental factors (atmospheric pollutants, meteorology) on mortality are studied with 8 years of continuous daily data collected in Paris (1969-1976). Mortality data are specified using daily-rate of death, according to diagnosis and age-range. Chosen pollutants are acidity and smoke. Meteorological conditions are identified by synoptic data and local parameters (pressure, temperature, humidity). Relations between mortality and pollution, and their interaction with meteorological conditions, have been described with several statistical methods. Among results, it is shown for example that relation of pollution levels with total daily deaths is not very clear but it becomes very significant for very old population; the strongest relation occurs for deaths connected with respiratory diseases, with a maximum 2 or 3 days after, but possibly later. Climatic factors such as synoptic situation and temperature have also influence on mortality but not so significant as pollution. PMID- 6612040 TI - [Descriptive analysis of episodes of atmospheric pollution occurring in Paris between 1969 and 1976 and their consequences on daily mortality]. AB - Simultaneous evolution of daily data collected in Paris (1969-1976) concerning mortality on the one hand, and pollution and meteorology on the other hand, is described during two specific episodes: the first, observed in december 1969, is a high mortality one, due to an influenza epidemic; the other, observed in december 72-january 73, is related to high pollution levels. Mortality data are specified using daily-rate of death, according to diagnosis and age-range. Chosen pollutants are acidity and smoke. Meteorological conditions are identified by synoptic data and local parameters (pressure, temperature and humidity). Among results, it is shown for example that the mortality-excess is mainly due to respiratory diseases, that it concerns elderly persons when heavy pollution, but younger persons (less than 75 years old) when influenza epidemic; pollution effects are not detected when daily acidity level is less than 300 micrograms/m3 but they systematically appear for level more than 400 micrograms/m3. "Compensation" effects (mortality-rate decrease occurring after high mortality days) have been pointed out. Tentative interpretation is proposed, including also temperature and humidity effects, and validation is necessary to do. PMID- 6612041 TI - Alcohol consumption patterns in the department of Calvados (France). AB - The individual consumption of alcoholic beverages was determined by interviewing 1.976 people, a representative sample of the population. 92% of males and 74% of females drink alcohol but no more than 4% of females consume over 40 g per day, against 39% males. The average intake is greater in rural than in urban areas. Wine is the most popular beverage but the consumption of cider remains important in rural areas. Apple brandy is also consumed in sizeable quantities by rural males. There are few beer drinkers, except in the younger age groups. The implications of these results are discussed. They probably reflect changes in drinking patterns over time; the traditional locally produced cider and apple brandy are progressively abandoned by the young, who turn to beer and aperitifs. Consequent changes in alcohol related pathology are expected. PMID- 6612042 TI - [Nitrates in the drinking water and cancer mortality. An epidemiologic study in northern France]. AB - This epidemiological survey was conducted in the Northern country of France, on 753 communes. Nitrate concentration in drinking water was measured from 1974 to 1976. The mean concentration rates (M.C.R.) calculated for the three years, were under 95 mg/l, and 93% were under 43 mg/l. The association between the M.R.C. and digestive and urinary cancer mortality rates observed in the same area (1968 1975) was studied, using different statistical techniques. No systematic relationship was observed taking into account the site of the tumor and the age and the sex of the subjects. The role of other variables is considered in the discussion: duration of exposure, use of other beverages such alcohol or mineral water. The duration of exposure, use of other beverages such alcohol or mineral water. The authors conclude that drinking water does not seem to play a determinant role in the causation of cancer; relationship, if it exists, it remains to be demonstrated. PMID- 6612043 TI - [Survey of cervical cancer in the urban community of Lyons]. PMID- 6612044 TI - [Value of ketanserin in anesthesiology and resuscitation]. PMID- 6612045 TI - [Pulmonary embolism originating in the legs. Apropos of 3 fatal cases in young patients]. PMID- 6612046 TI - [Anesthesia in the cardiac patient subjected to general surgery: special reference to interactions between cardiologic drugs and anesthetics (III)]. PMID- 6612047 TI - [Measures and drugs used in preventing thromboembolic complications in postoperative and multiple injury patients]. PMID- 6612048 TI - [Cardiac surgery in chronic renal failure]. PMID- 6612049 TI - [The anesthesiologist-resuscitator and neurovegetative protection]. PMID- 6612050 TI - [Lesions of the lower urinary tract in intensive care patients]. PMID- 6612051 TI - [Thoracic injuries. Our case records]. PMID- 6612052 TI - [Project for the implementation of an Emergency Medical Aid Service for the city of Valencia]. PMID- 6612053 TI - [Computerized quantitative topo-electroencephalography]. AB - A method is described which has been developed to topographically display the values of spectral EEG analysis from 11 electrodes on each hemisphere and 5 electrodes on the midline. The EEG from 16 channels at a time is multiplexed and sampled at 3.2 kHz. From power spectra averaged every 10 sec for 5 min a few spectral parameters are computed among which are the spectral intensities within the delta, theta, alpha and beta bands. The whole values are then displayed on maps representing lateral views of cerebral hemispheres by means of spectral iso intensity surfaces with extrapolation of the intermediate points. Different spectral intensities are coded by means of different gray levels. These maps clearly illustrate the topographical distribution of EEG rhythms and their peculiarities related to the side of the head recorded. PMID- 6612055 TI - [Spectral analysis of fast EEG rates in normal 6-to-16-year-old children]. AB - Spectral analysis of EEGs from 208 school children aged from 6 to 16 shows two types of beta activity: anterior beta which is low in amplitude but increases in energy in response to eye opening and posterior beta which, like alpha, decreases in response to eye opening. After reviewing the role of the FFT in frequency analysis we conclude that anterior beta activity corresponds to the classic beta rhythm of visual analysis, while posterior beta activity probably represents harmonics of alpha or even theta activity. In any case, beta activity in the normal child is very low in amplitude and energy. PMID- 6612054 TI - [Various aspects of the physiology and pathophysiology of spindles in the cat]. AB - Spindles are a thalamocortical rhythm entirely dependent upon a thalamic mechanism. Generators of cortical spindle waves are the pyramidal neurons of the cortex. A positive statistical relationship exists between postsynaptic excitatory events of these neurons and spindle waves, but there is no significant association with inhibitory postsynaptic events. The excitatory synaptic coupling between thalamocortical fibers and cortical neurons implicated in the genesis of spindles is weak, but increases considerably after i.m. injection of penicillin which induces a transformation of spindles into generalized spike and wave discharges (feline generalized penicillin epilepsy). The bursts of increased discharges of pyramidal neurons after penicillin recruit the recurrent intracortical inhibitory pathway. There results from this an oscillation between phases of increased excitability and phases of diminished excitability which correspond respectively to the spike and to the slow wave component of the spike and wave complex. In its turn the cortex imposes this pattern of discharge upon the thalamus which brings about a close coupling of cortical and thalamic neuronal discharges during spike and wave activity. PMID- 6612056 TI - 'Posterior temporal fast' EEG activity in childhood. AB - Posterior temporal fast (PTF) EEG activity has been studied in 352 children (706 EEGs) from 1967 to 1982. During this period a total of 42,600 EEGs have been recorded. The rhythmic activity detected as PTF was of 18-30 c/sec but usually at 20-26 c/sec, varying in amplitude between 50 and 300 microV. It appears in runs lasting seconds, often in some sort of irregular spindling. Its frequency but not its amplitude tends to be fixed in each child. This EEG activity (not previously described) appears, or disappears, in response to a variety of environmental stimuli. PTF was seen in over 1% of children between 1 and 3 years of age becoming rare in older children. PMID- 6612058 TI - [Localized fast rhythms in EEG tracings following surgery for intracranial meningioma]. AB - Forty-six patients were followed up after removal of an intracranial meningioma. Nine of the 46 patients in their 3rd month postoperative EEG had localised fast rhythms which remained stable. The fast rhythms appeared in small 20-25 Hz and 20 40 microV bursts; they were localised over the craniotomy flap as shown by the control X-ray of the sites of the electrodes; they were unaffected by eye-opening and slightly reduced by fist-clenching. These fast rhythms were sometimes mixed with sharp waves and theta activity and seemed to be equivalent to the 'breach rhythm' described first by Fischgold et al. (1952) and then by Cobb et al. (1979). In our study, these rhythms were more frequently observed in patients with an olfactory or sphenoidal meningioma, in patients with pre-operative seizure and in patients with an extensive post-operative intracranial atrophy (as shown by the scanner). On the other hand, incomplete removal or recurrence of the tumour or post-operative epilepsy did not seem to play a role in the appearance of these rhythms. PMID- 6612057 TI - [Fast rhythms in metabolic diseases in children]. AB - The authors study fast EEG rhythms in amino acidopathies of the newborn and in progressive encephalopathy of the central nervous system in children, when an inborn error of metabolism has either been found or is suspected. In the first group: amino acidopathies (including phenylketonuria), fast rhythms on the EEG of the neonates are of low amplitude, spindle-like bursts of 7-13 Hz and usually located in rolandic areas. This activity progressively disappears. Later, fast rhythms of beta-frequency and low voltage are spread on the whole scalp with a normal EEG organisation. They are seen in the favourable or rather favourable development of children receiving a diet. In the second group: progressive encephalopathy of the central nervous system, fast rhythms of 14-24 Hz appearing at a rather late stage of the disease, while the normal background activity completely disappears. In neuro-axonal dystrophy, where they are considered as 'specific,' they are of very high voltage, i.e., 50-200 microV. The authors insist on the importance of EEG fast rhythms both in amino acidopathies of the newborn, as a contributive factor to diagnosis and prognosis, and in progressive encephalopathies of the central nervous system, as a valuable tool in the diagnosis of numerous affections. PMID- 6612059 TI - [Relation between fast EEG rhythms and contingent negative variation]. AB - The experiments were done to investigate the relationships between activation level and contingent negative variation (CNV). Two groups of subjects, differing in their level of cortical arousal, were recorded with eyes open (OE, N = 17) or eyes closed (CE, N = 40). Beta activity, CNV, electro-oculogram, reaction time and heart rate were studied. In the CE group, beta activity and CNV were not significantly correlated. In the OE group, CNV was slightly extended with a higher amplitude and a higher post-imperative negativity when beta activity was higher; heart rate was also significantly correlated with beta activity in this group. The results are discussed as a function of the existence of two neurophysiological mechanisms of generation and regulation of CNV. PMID- 6612060 TI - [Prognostic value of EEG in pneumococcal meningitis in children]. AB - We studied the prognostic value of initial EEG in 36 children with a pneumococcal meningitis. The children were divided into 2 groups: infants under 1 year old, and children over 1 year old. The evolution was favourable in 5 cases out of 6 with normal or subnormal initial EEG. The evolution was unfavourable every time we recorded a status epilepticus. When the initial EEG is 'altered' or 'very altered' the prognosis is more difficult to determine but we did not find any sequelae after transitory localised abnormalities with a clinical neurological deficit. The EEG seems to be important for the surveillance and the prognosis of pneumococcal meningitis. PMID- 6612061 TI - [Optokinetic nystagmus and the Tensilon test in myasthenia]. AB - Horizontal optokinetic nystagmus was measured before and after the intravenous administration of 10 mg of Tensilon in 12 patients with myasthenia gravis; 11 patients showed an increase of amplitude; this measure seems to be a reliable test for the diagnosis of myasthenia but the increase of frequency of optokinetic nystagmus is less specific. The increases of amplitude in the same patient may show important variations between the two eyes and depending on the direction of nystagmus; however, the greatest response is often observed in the optokinetic nystagmus which was initially the weakest. PMID- 6612062 TI - [Voluntary and reflex oblique ocular movements in cranial injuries]. AB - In a population of 241 head injuries, some of which dated prior to 3 months and others after, the modalities of graphic responses to an oblique stimulation are described (optokinetic test and ocular calibration). In fact, the distribution of the various types of graphic responses differ statistically depending on the age of the injury. In injuries less than 3 months old a majority of oblique ocular responses were found to be of the intermediate type, while in those with injuries of more than 3 months ago, the oblique ocular responses of a rotary type predominated. However, above all the results of the video recording used to visualize the ocular responses, which until now have been presented graphically, will be discussed. PMID- 6612063 TI - [Muscular type mesodermal tumors of the digestive tract and retroperitoneal tissues. Review of 26 cases. I]. PMID- 6612064 TI - [Considerations on the long-term follow-up of patients after gastric resection for ulcer]. PMID- 6612065 TI - [Emphysematous cholecystitis]. PMID- 6612066 TI - [Melitococcal hepatic granulomatosis. Clinical, biological, and morphological study of 18 cases]. PMID- 6612067 TI - [Acid-base balance and blood lactic acid levels in compensated hepatic cirrhosis]. PMID- 6612068 TI - [Comparative study of hepatic gammagraphy and computed tomography of parenchymatous and focal liver diseases]. PMID- 6612069 TI - [Echoarteriographic aspects of hepatic hemangioma. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6612070 TI - [Wilson's disease: an unusual case]. PMID- 6612071 TI - [Obstructive jaundice as 1st manifestation of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. PMID- 6612072 TI - [Obstructive jaundice caused by choledochal clots after cholecystectomy]. PMID- 6612073 TI - [Hyperinsulinism and insulin resistance diagnosed by oral and intravenous glucose loading and by the tolbutamide test in polycystic ovary syndrome]. PMID- 6612074 TI - [Refractory ascites: retrospective analysis of the results obtained with the extraction-concentration and reinfusion method]. PMID- 6612075 TI - [Sick sinus syndrome]. PMID- 6612076 TI - [Physico-rehabilitative therapy of rheumatoid arthritis patients. The role of calcitonin]. PMID- 6612078 TI - [Amantadine and riamantadine in the treatment of influenza]. PMID- 6612079 TI - [Endotoxin and obstructive jaundice]. PMID- 6612077 TI - [Incidence of malignant melanoma of the skin in relation to sex, race and sunlight exposure]. PMID- 6612080 TI - [Allergies in gastroenterology]. PMID- 6612081 TI - [Viral hepatitis in Naples. Etio-epidemiologic aspects and problems deducted from a prospective study]. PMID- 6612082 TI - [Home treatment of infantile diarrhea. Comparison of methods]. PMID- 6612083 TI - [Interaction between digoxin and quinidine]. PMID- 6612084 TI - [Presence of organo-halogenated compounds in drinking water]. PMID- 6612085 TI - [Problems of medical docimology. Multiple choice questions]. PMID- 6612086 TI - [The staging of multiple myeloma]. PMID- 6612087 TI - [Evaluation of the results of a study of 343 cases of pulmonary carcinoma drawn from a file of related findings]. PMID- 6612088 TI - Studies of human urinary protein fragments from extracellular matrix proteins. A progress report. PMID- 6612089 TI - Ultrastructure of isolated basement membranes in the acellular human renal cortex. AB - Transplant quality human kidneys were sliced (approximately equal to 2 mm thick) and cortical regions further minced to approximately 1 mm3. These samples were treated successively with EDTA and detergents to solubilize cellular materials but leave the extracellular matrix (ECM), including basement membranes (BMs) intact. Resultant acellular cortices bear a remarkable resemblance to their in vivo counterparts. By light microscopy, patent, expanded tubular BM (TBM), peritubular capillary BM (PTCBM) and Bowman's capsule BM (BCBM) are surrounded by a swollen ECM which is occasionally fibrillar. Glomerular BM (GBM) lacks supporting interstitium but nevertheless remains convoluted and does not collapse. At the level of transmission electron microscopy, the diverse morphological characteristics of each BM type are evident. Random thickness measurements (lamina densa only) show that BCBMs are thickest (approximately equal to 2,400 nm) followed by TBMs (approximately equal to 750 nm), GBMs (approximately equal to 335 nm) and PTCBMs (approximately equal to 125 nm). Power transformations to normalize right-sided skew of thickness distribution curves reduce their arithmetic means 3-16%. SEM studies confirm LM and TEM observations that isolated GBMs maintain their free-standing spheroidal shapes and indicate that they may be intrinsically rigid. Moreover, their surface topographical details are preserved. We conclude that the acellular cortex offers a clarified view of renal interstitial morphology and demonstrates structural diversity among major renal BM types. Moreover, it provides a baseline of morphological information on which to assess pathological conditions of renal cortical extracellular matrix. PMID- 6612090 TI - beta-Aspartyl-epsilon-lysine, a peptide of the fecal contents of axenic mice. AB - Small quantities of low-molecular weight peptides have been characterized in the feces of axenic mice. In fecal material of axenic mice fed an autoclaved synthetic (SN) diet, we isolated a dipeptide and characterized its structure as beta-aspartyl-epsilon-lysine. This product was also present in the feces of gnotobiotic mice harbouring Clostridium perenne. We could not detect the product in the fecal contents of holoxenic mice, Clostridium difficile-contaminated mice or axenic mice fed the irradiated SN diet. The peptide, beta-aspartyl-epsilon lysine, was produced by heating proteins during sterilization, causing the formation of a pseudopeptide bond between the epsilon-amino group of lysine and the amide group of asparagine. The intestinal strains seemed to differ in their ability to split this pseudopeptide bond in vivo. PMID- 6612091 TI - [An analysis of feeding patterns in the adult pig]. AB - Feeding behavior has been analyzed in Large-White and Chinese pig breeds. Maximally automatized apparatuses, especially adapted to animal size, were used. Besides the usual parameters measured such as food intake, meal size, meal duration, meal frequency, intermeal intervals and postprandial correlation, these apparatuses also permitted us to measure the rate of intake during the meal. This rate was constant throughout the meal in ad libitum conditions and after 24-hour deprivation. A positive correlation between meal size and length of the postmeal interval was found in only half of the animals. During this work, we began to study the mechanisms initiating food intake. PMID- 6612092 TI - [The properties of precipitation reactions between secretion products in the oviduct of pleurodeles: identification of a lectin]. AB - The properties of two precipitation reactions occurring between secretory products from the oviduct of Pleurodeles waltl have been studied. It has been demonstrated that a lectin is involved in one of the reactions. This lectin precipitated glycogen and starch and required calcium; the most potent saccharide inhibitors were 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose and D-glucose, respectively. The other reaction was related to glycoproteins (probably sulfated glycoproteins) that contained sulphur. The properties of this reaction were not the same as purely ionic interactions; basic protein-acidic polysaccharide interactions have been compared. A lectin was probably implicated but this could not be demonstrated because no saccharide inhibitor was found. There are several similitudes between this reaction and the lectin-galactoside reaction which occurs in the reaction between cortical granule content and egg jellies in anurans. PMID- 6612094 TI - Lipogenic capacity and relative contribution of the different tissues and organs to lipid synthesis in male rat. AB - The rates of 3H2O incorporation into total lipids and fatty acids were measured in vivo in the different organs and tissues of 7-week old male Wistar rats to compare the lipogenic capacity of those organs and tissues and to determine their relative contributions to body lipid synthesis. Our results were the following; (1) liver was the major site of the synthesis of total lipids and fatty acids (37 and 42%, respectively, of body synthesis); (2) white adipose tissues synthesized about 24% of the total lipids; mesenteric adipose tissue alone synthesizing 40% of the fatty acids produced in dissectable white adipose tissues; (3) skin showed low lipid synthesis but played an appreciable role in that synthesis (8% of the total) due to its large contribution to total body weight; (4) other organs (excluding liver) showed low lipid synthesis; however, that of the small intestine was 1-2% of body synthesis; (5) the rest of the carcass (mainly musculature and skeleton) contributed 25% to body lipid synthesis. The putative roles of the different tissues and organs in adipose tissue development have been discussed. PMID- 6612093 TI - A critical period in the onset of parturition in rats and uterine sensitivity to estradiol and progesterone. AB - The purpose of this paper was to impair normal parturition in rats in order to measure tissue levels of progestins and estrogens and compare these results with those of normal parturition in rats. Abnormal parturition was obtained by injection of isotonic saline into the uterine lumen of pregnant rats at the end of pregnancy or by handling the uterus. After each of these treatments on day 21 of pregnancy, parturition was impaired in 70 to 98% of the rats. When the treatments were carried out earlier or later in pregnancy, there was little or no impairment. Our results indicate transient discrepancies in plasma and tissue levels of steroids 6 h after treatment on day 21: 20 alpha-HP concentrations increased in treated rats compared to controls (uteri: 470%; p less than 0.01; ovaries: 89%; p less than 0.001); concomitantly, there was a sharp rise in P concentrations in uteri (+ 74% : p less than 0.05) and ovaries (+ 52%; p less than 0.05). Inversely, uterine concentrations of E2 decreased 6 h after treatment compared to controls (- 30%; p less than 0.05), although there was a transient rise of E2 in the ovaries (+ 30%; p less than 0.05). Twenty-four hours later, E2 concentrations were always lower in the uteri (- 30%; p less than 0.01). No change in E2 levels was noted in the uteri or ovaries of either the control or treated rats. The physiological significance of these changes and their consequences on uterine reactivity at term have been discussed. The data demonstrate that day 21 was a critical period in the parturient activity of the rat uterus which appears to be primarily affected by uterine levels of E2 between days 21 and 22 of pregnancy. PMID- 6612095 TI - [Effect on energy and nitrogen balances of replacing part of the tallow in a milk replacer for preruminant calves by tricaproin or coconut oil: effect of previous feeding level]. AB - Using two open-circuit respiratory chambers, the effects of medium chain fatty acid intake on digestibility, energy and nitrogen balance were investigated in 4 groups of preruminant Friesian male calves. One group of 7 animals was fed a control diet with a skim-milk powder and tallow base (diet 1). The other three groups were fed diets in which one-third of the tallow was replaced by either 1/3 coconut oil (6 animals, diet 2) or 1/3 tricaproin (6 animals, diet 3). In diet 4, two-thirds of the tallow was replaced by 1/3 coconut oit + 1/3 tricaproin (5 animals). Apparent digestibility and energy metabolizability (q) were similar for diets 1, 2, 3 and significantly higher (P less than 0.05) for diet 4: 97.5 vs 95.1% for dry matter digestibility 97.3 vs 94.5% for energy digestibility, 95.6 vs 93.7% for crude protein digestibility and 94.6 vs 92.8% for q. Whatever the diet, metabolizable energy (ME) efficiency for tissue deposition was 70 +/- 9% and maintenance requirements amounted to an average of 90 kcal ME/d/kgW0.75. However, the latter were related to previous feeding level and increased by .13 +/- 0.06 kcal/d/kgW0.75 for an increase of 1 kcal/d/kgW0.75 of previous ME intake. The lipids in each of the 4 diets were also deposited at a rate of 0.40 +/- 0.09 kcal. Lipid gain was decreased by 0.12 +/- 0.08 kcal for an increase of 1 kcal/d/kgW0.75 of previous Me intake. The regression coefficients of protein energy gain on Me intake were 0.25 +/- 0.01; 0.25 +/- 0.06; 0.30 +/- 0.04 and 0.29 +/- 0.06 kcal PF/kcal of ME, respectively, for protein gain did not depend on the previous level of ME intake. Finally, for each of the four diets, respective adjusted energy gains were 107.5a; 122.6b; 105.6a and 99.1a kcal/d/kgW0.75, adjusted lipid gains 60.4a; 69.0a; 50.9b and 42.6c kcal/d/kgW0.75 and adjusted protein gains 47.6a; 53.6b; 53.8b and 57.5c kcal/d/kgW0.75 (data with a different superscript are significantly different; P less than 0.05). In the present study, the energy cost of protein deposition amounted to 2.29 +/- 0.21 kcal ME/kcal of protein and that of lipid deposition to 0.99 +/- 0.20 kcal ME/kcal of lipid. PMID- 6612096 TI - [Effects of a diet containing ethanol on the composition of fatty acids of liver, blood and adipose tissue in the Zucker fa/fa rat]. AB - Zucker fa/fa rats were subjected to chronic ethanol intoxication; (alcohol incorporated into the diet represented 36% of the energy of the control diet. The amount of endogenous hepatic fatty acids was lower with the alcohol diet than with the control diet. The incorporated alcohol had no significant influence on the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue. The variations in the fatty acid composition of the blood followed the same patterns as those of the rat liver. PMID- 6612097 TI - Bile secretion in the fistulated pig: effect of the method used for bile reinfusion. AB - The aim of this work was to investigate the effects on bile secretion of flow rate and site of reinfusion of the collected bile to the animal. Thirty-two pigs weighing 50 +/- 3 kg at the beginning of the experiment were fitted with a reentrant fistula in the lower common bile duct and in the upper duodenum. Bile collected from the bile duct was reinfused in four different ways (four groups of 8 animals each): into the duodenum or the lower common bile duct at a constant flow rate using a peristaltic pump, or into the duodenum or the lower common bile duct at a rate mimicking the flow rate of the secretion using an automatic apparatus. Reinfusing the bile into the lower common bile duct at a rate mimicking the secretion rate provided a daily bile acid production about 21% higher than the level recorded with the other three methods. This was mainly due to a higher bile acid concentration since the bile flow was only slightly affected by the treatment. PMID- 6612098 TI - Effect of amylomaize starch on cholesterol and bile acid metabolisms in germfree (axenic) and conventional (holoxenic) rats. AB - Germfree and conventional rats were given a semi-synthetic diet containing either normal cornstarch or an amylomaize starch. The experimental groups thus formed were compared to assess the effects of these two types of starch and to determine if digestive tract microflora was involved in these effects. The presence of amylomaize starch decreased body growth in germfree and conventional rats, increasing food intake in the former and decreasing it in the latter. In conventionals, amylomaize starch decreased the apparent digestibility of the ration only slightly, while in germfrees it diminished apparent digestibility considerably. The cecal weight of germfree animals was not modified by amylomaize starch but that of conventional rats was increased fourfold. In both types of rat, amylomaize starch largely decreased the plasma concentration of cholesterol, largely increased the total amount of bile acids in the small intestine but slightly modified the fecal elimination of cholesterol and bile acids. It augmented the cholesterol concentration in the liver of germfrees and decreased it in conventionals while, on the contrary, it diminished the total amount of bile acids in the hind gut in the former and augmented it in the latter. This starch did not change bile acid deconjugation in conventional rats but considerably decreased other bacterial transformations of cholesterol and bile acids. Digestive tract microflora was undoubtedly involved in the action of amylomaize starch on cecal weight, ration digestibility, food intake, hepatic cholesterol concentration, the amount of bile acid in the hind gut and obviously in the transformation of cholesterol and bile acids. It did not play a role in the other effects of this starch: the strong decrease in the concentration of plasma cholesterol was the direct effect of amylomaize starch on rat metabolism. PMID- 6612099 TI - Central haemodynamics and regional blood flow during halothane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia and controlled ventilation. An experimental study in the rat. AB - The haemodynamic effects of halothane-N2O/O2 anaesthesia with controlled ventilation were studied in rats, using the microsphere method. Mean arterial blood pressure was significantly reduced but only minor effects on cardiac output (CO), heart rate, and systemic vascular resistance were seen. During anaesthesia, there were significantly increased fractions of CO delivered to brain, lungs, small intestine and liver (hepatic artery), while the fractions to spleen, stomach and carcass were decreased. Fractional distribution and regional blood flow to heart, kidneys, adrenals and preportal area remained unchanged. When anaesthesia was prolonged from 60 to 90 min, no further changes in central or regional haemodynamics were seen. Considering the minor effects on central haemodynamics and the absence of changes in central and regional haemodynamics at 60 and 90 min, this anaesthesia model should be useful in experimental research. PMID- 6612100 TI - Accommodation of skeletal muscle in rats under hypoxic conditions induced by tourniquet. AB - Resting membrane potential (RMP) and indexes of accommodation (IA) were obtained from the brachioradialis muscle in rats subjected to 2 or 5 h of bilateral hindlimb tourniquet. The results showed a highly significant increase in muscular IA with a return to the control values for the rats with 2 h of tourniquet, while the increased in the IA is maintained all the survival period in the rats with 5 h of tourniquet. The velocity of increasing of the IA bears a direct relationship to the outcome of the injury. A decrease in the RMP of the brachioradialis muscle and an increase in the extracellular K+ and H+ was also observed. The early differences in the behavior of the accommodation parameter allowed a clear differentiation of the rats which survived the tourniquet shock from those who finally died. PMID- 6612101 TI - Immunoregulatory properties and LP-pattern of human ovarian carcinoma ascites and pleural effusions of nonmalignant origin. AB - The immunoregulatory activity of ascitic fluids obtained from patients with ovarian carcinoma, and pleural effusions collected from patients with various nonmalignant diseases, was tested. The following assays were performed: in vivo, PFC-response of mouse splenocytes to SRBC; in vitro, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and phagocytic activity of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMoC). The migration ability of mouse splenocytes in the presence of ascitic fluids was also evaluated. Parallelly, lipid (triglyceride and cholesterol) and lipoprotein (high-density/HDL/, low-density/LDL/, and very low-density/VLDL/) content in ascites and pleural effusions, were determined. Both types of fluids suppressed the PFC-response and inhibited phagocytosis of 51Cr-labeled sheep erythrocytes by PBMoC, but augmented ADCC of PBMoC against sheep erythrocytes. An elevation of VLDL and a decrease of HDL and LDL in ascitic fluids and pleural effusions, as compared to normal human sera, were found. There were similar changes in the cholesterol content of these lipoprotein fractions, i.e., an increase of VLDL- and a decrease of HDL- and LDL-cholesterol. PMID- 6612102 TI - Influence of exogenous glucagon on gastric acid secretion, mucosal blood flow, and stress ulcers in the rat: dose-response results under non-stress conditions and immobilization stress. AB - In non-stressed rats and rats stressed by immobilization, gastric secretion (acid, pepsin), mucosal blood flow (MBF), stress ulcers as well as glucose, insulin, and glucagon in blood were studied during 8 h, with and without additional infusion of exogenous glucagon (0.2, 1.4, 9.8 micrograms/kg/h). Metabolic clearance of glucagon and the disappearance half-time of exogenous glucagon from blood do not differ during zero stress and stress, a fact that favors the assumption of hypersecretion of glucagon as the cause of stress hyperglucagonemia. During stress alone acid secretion (volume, acidity) and MBF are lower than during zero stress; pepsin remains unchanged. Under zero stress condition additionally administered glucagon inhibits pepsin and MBF, but not acid secretion, in a dose-dependent manner. The ulcer index increased without changing the severity of ulcers. During stress the intermediate and highest glucagon doses stimulate MBF and pepsin secretion, other variables remaining unchanged. It is concluded that glucagon effects on functions of the gastric mucosa in the rat vary fundamentally, depending upon the environmental conditions. PMID- 6612103 TI - Climbing Mt. Everest without oxygen: an analysis of maximal exercise during extreme hypoxia. AB - Climbers have reached the summit of Mt. Everest without supplementary oxygen in spite of measurements at lower altitudes which suggest that this is impossible. In the present study, data obtained on the American Medical Research Expedition to Everest were used to analyze the oxygen transport system during maximal exercise at the highest point on earth. Barometric pressure was 253 Torr, giving an inspired PO2 of only 43 Torr, alveolar PCO2 was 7.5 Torr, hemoglobin 18.4 g/dl, P50 at pH 7.4 was 29.6 Torr, and base excess -7.2 mEq/L. Values for cardiac output and diffusing capacity were based on measurements previously made at an altitude of 5800 m. The analysis showed it is possible to account for a VO2 max of over 1 L/min while keeping the PO2 of mixed venous blood above 15 Torr. Differences between the present study and previous predictions of a lower VO2 max are explained. These differences include higher values of barometric pressure, ventilation and base excess than expected. The analysis shows that any rise in P50 caused by increased 2,3-diphosphoglycerate is a liability. While it is just possible for man to reach the summit of Everest without supplementary oxygen, this can only be done at the expense of extreme hyperventilation and respiratory alkalosis, and even then the arterial PO2 is less than 30 Torr. PMID- 6612104 TI - Metabolic meaning of elevated levels of oxidative enzymes in high altitude adapted animals: an interpretive hypothesis. AB - It is commonly observed that during acclimatization to altitude oxidative enzyme activities increase per g wet weight of tissue. To examine this problem in long term adapted animals we measured citrate synthase (CS), hydroxyacylCoA dehydrogenase (HOAD), pyruvate kinase (PK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities/g of myocardium in two domestic species (llama and alpaca) and a high altitude deer, the taruca. In all these species, we found an upward scaling of oxidative capacity (indicated by absolute activities of CS and HOAD) but a downward scaling of anaerobic/aerobic metabolic potentials of the heart (indicated by low ratios of LDH/CS, and LDH/HOAD, but high ratios of PK/LDH). As the direction and magnitude of these long-term adaptations are the same as in shorter-term acclimatizations, we wondered why a similar pattern at the enzyme level correlates with the right shift of the O2 dissociation curve (ODC) in the latter case, but with a left shifted ODC in the former. We hypothesize that in the long term, increased oxidative enzyme activities allow increased maximum flux capacity of aerobic metabolism. This in turn calls for physiological adjustments in O2 transfer systems; flux limits of the former must be matched by flux limits of the latter. Only then can an acceptably high scope for aerobic activity be achieved despite reduced O2 availability in inspired air. Such long-term match-up invariably calls for a left-shifted ODC plus other well known adjustments in O2 transport. In the short term, right shifting the ODC may increase the total amount of aerobic work possible (by favoring O2 unloading and thus raising tissue O2 concentration), yet maximum flux capacity cannot be changed much because mitochondrial metabolism is designed for maintaining stable rates of ATP synthesis even at widely varying O2 tensions. That is why even in short-term acclimatization, in order to increase flux capacity, the activities of oxidative enzymes also must be increased. PMID- 6612105 TI - Changes in pulmonary diffusing capacity and closing volume after running a marathon. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in lung function after running a marathon. Pulmonary function tests were administered to 8 men before, immediately after, and the day following competition (mean run time = 3 hr 30 min). Subjects completed maximum expiratory flow volume maneuvers breathing air and 80% He/20% O2. Lung volumes were determined by N2 washout and single breath He dilution. Closing volumes (CV) were determined using a single breath O2 test. Pulmonary diffusing capacity (DLCO), pulmonary capillary blood volume (Vc), and membrane diffusing capacity (DM) were measured with the single breath technique. There were no changes in lung volumes or flow rates, except for an increase in FEV1, after the marathon. The He/O2 delta Vmax50, delta Vmax25, and isoflow values were similar pre- compared to post-race. There were significant decreases, however, in DLCO, DM and increases in CV post-race. Vc remained similar to pre race values. These results suggest that small airways obstruction does not occur after a marathon. The significant increase in alveolar-capillary membrane resistance, however, may reflect the occurrence of subclinical edema. Such a change would decrease lung elastic recoil and could explain the increase in CV. PMID- 6612106 TI - Adaptation of airway stretch receptors in newborn and adult dogs. AB - We studied the adaptive properties of tracheal and bronchial slowly adapting mechanoreceptors as an index of their dynamic responsiveness in newborn and adult dogs. The receptors studied exhibited a marked rate dependency in their adaptive characteristics: faster inflations leading to a higher adaptation, a behavior typically found in other mechanoreceptors. During inflations of comparable rates airway slowly adapting mechanoreceptors of newborn dogs reach initial firing rates (Fi) that are lower than those of adult dogs. These increments in activity appear to be reduced in proportion to their lower static discharge (Fs). Therefore when adaptation is represented as adaptation index (A.I. = (Fi - Fs)/Fi X 100), i.e., in relative terms, it does not differ between age groups. Tracheal and bronchial slowly adapting mechanoreceptors do not differ in their adaptation for either of the age groups. In conclusion, since the dynamic sensitivity is lower in newborns, it it cannot be a factor contributing to their higher breathing rate. Nevertheless, since newborns breathe faster than adults, the activation of their stretch receptors should be greater than it would have otherwise been, perhaps contributing to their faster rate of breathing. PMID- 6612107 TI - Response of pulmonary stretch receptors to shifts of functional residual capacity. AB - The response of slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors (PSRs) to sustained elevations of functional residual capacity (FRC) was investigated in spontaneous breathing anesthetized cats. A subatmospheric pressure was produced around the thorax and abdomen to increase FRC by approximately one tidal volume (VT) for up to 60 min. During eupneic breathing the PSR frequency (fPSR) was closely related to changes in transpulmonary pressure (PTP), but occasionally hysteresis was observed in the FPSR - PTP relationship. Elevation of FRC caused most phasic PSRs to discharge continuously for a few breaths before returning to a phasic discharge pattern. During the shift in FRC there were increases in mean fPSR, peak fPSR firing threshold which were sustained throughout the period of elevated FRC. PSRs that normally showed discharges at FRC similarly increased their mean and peak firing rates. For all PSRs the y-intercept (fPSR at PTP = 0) of the fPSR - PTP relationship was decreased but the sensitivity of the PSR as defined by delta fPSR/delta PTP was not changed until the period of elevated FRC exceeded 30 min. Thereafter, PSR sensitivity tended to decline. These results suggest that PSRs undergo some modification of their discharge parameters during prolonged elevation of FRC. PMID- 6612108 TI - Baroreceptor modulation of inspiratory termination by intercostal nerve stimulation. AB - The influence of carotid sinus baroreceptor activity on the termination of inspiration by intercostal nerve stimulation was assessed in decerebrate cats which were paralyzed, artificially ventilated and bilaterally vagotomized. The carotid sinus was vascularly isolated bilaterally so that carotid sinus pressure could be precisely controlled independent of the systemic arterial pressure. Inspiratory activity was monitored by a phrenic neurogram. The threshold current at which electrical stimulation of the T6 intercostal nerve terminated phrenic neural activity was determined by stimulating the T6 intercostal nerve at 10 different delays from the onset of phrenic discharge. An increase in mean carotid sinus pressure from 100 to 150 mm Hg decreased the threshold current required to terminate inspiration at each delay. Similarly, a decrease in mean carotid sinus pressure from 100 to 50 mm Hg increased the threshold current. Alteration of the systemic arterial pressure (independent of the carotid sinus pressure) by norepinephrine administration did not alter the threshold current. These results demonstrate that alterations in carotid sinus baroreceptor activity have a distinct effect on the mechanisms governing inspiratory termination. PMID- 6612109 TI - [Thermography of the healthy hand]. PMID- 6612110 TI - [Intravenous use of high doses of corticosteroids in the treatment of severe cases of ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis]. PMID- 6612111 TI - [Personal experience in the treatment of calcified periarthritis of the shoulder]. PMID- 6612112 TI - [Abstracts: 14th National Congress of Microbiology, Mexican Association of Microbiology]. PMID- 6612113 TI - [Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with sodium fluoride]. PMID- 6612114 TI - [Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis. A new case]. AB - Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis is a rare disorder of the skin and joints that possesses distinctive histologic findings. A case is reported with typical features, and ulceration, an unusual outcome of "skin" lesions. PMID- 6612115 TI - [Hemato-encephalic barriers. Morphologic data]. AB - Within the cranio-spinal cavity we can consider three compartments: blood, cerebro-spinal fluid and nervous parenchyma and thus, three barriers (Blood Cerebro-Spinal Fluid, Blood-Brain, Cerebro-Spinal Fluid-Brain). The morphological studies of these barriers were performed with exogenous tracers such as horseradish peroxidase, cytochrome C and ferritin or endogenous tracers such as autologous antiperoxidase immunoglobulins. 1. The blood-brain barrier is exogenous and endogenous tracers proof. It is found on the level of the brain capillary endothelium with tight junctions and rare plasmalemmal vesicles. 2. The blood-cerebro-spinal fluid barrier is found on the level of choroid plexus and of leptomeningeal vessel. In the former, the tracer is stopped by the tight junctions (zonula occludens type) of the choroid plexus epithelium. Besides, there is no morphological evidence of transepithelial passage from blood to cerebro-spinal fluid. In the later, the barrier is, almost always, found on the level of the vascular endothelium. 3. The parenchymatous-cerebro-spinal fluid interface cannot be called a barrier because the diffusion of the tracers is not restricted either by the astrocytic marginal layer or by the ependyma. The circumventricular organs other than choroid plexus are morphologically characterized by the free diffusion of tracers in their perivascular connective space. Subcommissural organs capillaries alone behave like those of the brain. The spinal cord capillaries, in opposition to those of the brain, are characterized by a perivascular connective space, for 40 p. 100 of them. The significance of this fact is still unknown. PMID- 6612116 TI - [The future of the aged patient at the end of an acute disease]. AB - Elderly patients play an important role in the inpatient structure of departments of Internal Medicine. Although they pose many difficult problems during their admission due to multiple system disease, the problems often increase at the end of the therapeutic period when discharge from hospital is decided upon. Over half the cases are able to be sent home but the liaison with the domiciliary services is often poor, leading to reiterative hospital admission. A period in a medium stay unit may provide a solution, but, due to insufficient numbers and uneven distribution, their function does not always meet the required demand: rehabilitation of the patient to his previous life style. Long-stay departments may be justified when there is a loss of autonomy and when regular medical care is needed. The exact place of these medicalised long-stay units within the hospital structure is still a matter of heated argument. What must be avoided is the creation of circuits of transfer of patients from one establishment to another. The present situation could be improved upon by the development of pre hospital services, a better appreciation of the functional needs of the individual during hospitalisation, and a better liaison between the hospital and domiciliary services, by the creation of a range of options which do not favourise one or the other solution in too theoretical a manner. PMID- 6612118 TI - [Association of algodystrophy and hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 6612117 TI - [Tumorous form of Wegener's granulomatosis following a malignant facial granuloma. Diagnostic value]. AB - The authors report a case of a patient with an ENT granuloma, treated successfully with cyclophosphamide and prednisone in 1976. After a complete remission lasting three years, the condition recurred in the form of Wegener's disease, presenting as a renal tumour. The authors discuss the relationship between these two conditions. PMID- 6612119 TI - [Critical study of serodiagnosis of Yersinia infections]. AB - The study concerns 100 patients who are divided in two dissimilar groups. The first group is composed of 39 patients who have signs of possible Yersiniosis infection. In second group composed of 61 cirrhotics patients, the serodiagnosis was systematic. The rate of positive serology, comparing with healthy patients, is significantly high in both groups: 61,5 p. 100 (first group) 64 p. 100 (second group). Six cases in the first group were very likely caused by Yersinia infection and confirm the utility of the serodiagnosis in front of evocative symptomatology. But many positive serodiagnosis remain unexplained and the greatest care must be taken in appreciation of these results. Among cirrhotic patients, the positive serology is not correlated with evocative symptoms and would be the result of asymptomatic bacteriemias. PMID- 6612120 TI - [Cerebral ischemia and synthetic estrogens. The role of immunologic mechanisms. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - The authors report 2 cases of stroke in 2 young women using oral contraception with production of anti-ethinyl-oestradiol antibodies. From literature, they recall the mechanisms of production of theses antibodies, their frequence in women with and without stroke and the different hypothesis lied to their pathogen action. PMID- 6612121 TI - [Structural adaptation of arterial walls]. PMID- 6612122 TI - [The mechanical factor in the etiology of arterial lesions]. PMID- 6612123 TI - [Hyperplasia of the aortic media in experimental renovascular hypertension]. PMID- 6612124 TI - [Changes in the renal and maternal utero-placental arteries in pregnancies complicated by hypertension]. PMID- 6612125 TI - [Experimental hypertension: early changes in collagen metabolism]. PMID- 6612126 TI - [Antihypertensive treatment and cardiovascular disorders]. PMID- 6612127 TI - [Lactation]. PMID- 6612128 TI - [Gastroesophageal reflux]. PMID- 6612129 TI - [Detection of rectocolic neoplasms]. PMID- 6612130 TI - [Monitoring of rectocolic cancers treated surgically: practical application of carcino-embryonic antigen]. PMID- 6612131 TI - [Otorhinolaryngology of the aged. Proceedings of the Societas Oto-Rhino Laryngologica Latina, Lausanne, 19-22 May 1982]. PMID- 6612132 TI - [Atherosclerosis. Description and mechanisms. Part 1: description]. AB - This review is devoted to the cellular biology of the arterial wall, particularly of the cerebral arteries. Starting with the description of the structure and physiology of normal arteries and of atherosclerotic lesions some of the current theories on the mechanisms of atherosclerosis are considered. They have developed along two lines of thinking according to whether the main role is given to arterial smooth muscle cells or to macrophage cells. Both hypotheses view atherosclerosis as a pathological deviation from a physiological reaction aimed at maintaining and repairing the permanently strained arterial intima. The risk factors, as identified by epidemiological studies, are likely to play a major role in this degenerative process. PMID- 6612133 TI - [Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Clinical, CT scan and neuropathologic findings. Apropos of 4 cases]. AB - Four cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopaty are reported, 3 of them with an ultrastructural study and 2 with a C.T. scan study. In 2 cases, there were no other associated pathological condition. In 1 case chronic alcoholism only was present; in the last case a primitive hemochromatosis with a prevailing hepatic dysfunction was evidenced. In 2 of these cases, the initial clinical picture was made of mental disorders while it was made of a progressive left hemiparesis in one case and of a brain stem syndrome in the other case. The results of neuroradiological and isotopical investigations remained negative throughout the evolution in the 4 cases except for some C.T. scan abnormalities. Indeed, in 2 cases the C.T. scan evidenced brain lesions identified as large demyelinated areas. These were low density areas non altered by contrast and unaccompanied by any mass effect. These areas were not seen when the first clinical signs were present and thus, normality of C.T. scan appears not to allow infirmation of the diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. In the 4 cases the pathological study showed characteristic lesions of the white matter. Mononucleated cells inflammatory infiltration was observed at the periphery of the demyelinizated regions. This may be related with the primitive aspect of these cases. An ultrastructural study was performed in 3 cases: viral inclusions were present not only in the nucleus of oligodendrocytes but also in their cytoplasm and in some astrocytes. PMID- 6612134 TI - [Spontaneous hematomas of the cerebellum. 28 personal cases]. AB - Cerebellar hematomas constitute an emergency as emphasized by a study of 28 personal and 189 published cases. Accounting for 10 per cent of the total of cerebral hemorrhages, they occur mainly in patients after 40 years of age essentially as a complication of hypertension. An evocative stereotyped triad characterizes their sudden onset: severe headache, repeated vomiting, vertigo and imbalance. In their subacute and acute forms, a rapid impairment of consciousness occurs. Death is constant in such cases. Computerized axial tomography is the essential mean of accurate diagnosis and shows the subsequent consequences on other brain structures. Surgical evacuation of hematomas preceded or not by ventricular drainage is the useful procedure in most cases. Results depend on a timely decision and on the conscious level. In other cases, the spontaneous course is more favorable. Brain herniation is however possible and the presence of a vascular posterior fossa malformation must be kept in mind. PMID- 6612135 TI - [Electromyographic study of 4 lip muscles and acoustic findings in parkinsonian dysarthria]. AB - The articulatory E.M.G. activity of lower lip muscles was investigated in 3 patients with Parkinson's disease and compared with normal subjects. Four paired muscles were recorded because of their antagonist function: 1) Orbicularis oris inferioris and depressor labii inferioris; 2) mentalis and buccinator. All patients evidenced well defined E.M.G. abnormalities. These consisted in the impairment of the functional organization of the antagonist muscles (lack of reciprocal inhibition), the existence of both a resting activity between utterances and a sustained hypertonic background activity during the utterance. This study was focused on the E.M.G. activity without concomitant observation of lip movement. Parallel oscillographic records of speech acoustic signals confirmed the characteristics of the voice of parkinsonian patients: low and uniform intensity, poor timbre, irregular speech rate and abnormalities of pitch. PMID- 6612136 TI - [Value of the piribedil test in diagnosing migraine. Apropos of 150 cases]. AB - Patients with migraine show a hypersensitivity to dopamine or its agonists. One of these, piribedil, was administered as 0,1 mg/kg intravenously over 30 minutes to 150 subjects with either migraine or other types of headache. This test provoked nausea and vomiting in 94 p. cent of patients with migraine, and a rapid fall in blood pressure requiring immediate interruption of the infusion in 69 p. cent. In contrast, in those subjects with chronic non-migrainous headache the administration of piribedil had no effect in 61 p. cent and provoked a fall in blood pressure in only 16 p. cent. The piribedil test appears to possess good specificity vis-a-vis migraine, enabling a differential diagnosis from atypical periodic headache, a condition difficult to consider as migrain or psychogenic headache on clinical grounds alone. PMID- 6612137 TI - [Paralytic and non-paralytic pontine exotropia]. AB - Paralytic pontine exotropia is a form of the one-and-a half syndrome of Fisher, in which an acute lesion of the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF) is present. We compared such a case with a case of pontine exotropia without lateral gaze palsy, but in which the alteration of the ipsilateral saccades suggested a partial lesion of the PPRF. We suggest to call this oculomotor disturbance "non paralytic pontine exotropia". PMID- 6612138 TI - [Recovery from chronic polyradiculoneuritis after high-dose intravenous corticoid therapy]. AB - A chronic relapsing polyneuropathy did not improve with oral prednisone therapy. After 7 years, 3 intravenous infusions of 1,5 g of methylprednisolone led to complete recovery which is present after 4 years. PMID- 6612139 TI - [Atherosclerosis. Description and mechanisms. Part 2: mechanisms]. PMID- 6612140 TI - [Familial paroxysmal ataxia responsive to acetazolamide]. AB - From their early twenties, a 56 year-old french woman and her 33 year-old son suffered from paroxysmal attacks of gait ataxia, incoordination of both hands, dysarthria and nystagmus. These attacks lasted from one to three hours and occurred at the rate of one to seven per week. On examination between attacks, there was only a bilateral horizontal and upward-beating gaze nystagmus. This was documented by E.O.G. Biological investigations were normal with the exception of a mild elevation of glucose blood level. Treatment with acetazolamide 250 mg daily, completely abolished the attacks in both patients. These cases meet the criteria of familial paroxysmal ataxia, a disorder only described in the United States up to the present. Although rare, this disease should be recognized because of its dramatic response to acetazolamide. PMID- 6612141 TI - [Bladder sphincter disorders in Parkinson's disease]. AB - Clinical and urodynamic examinations were carried out in 63 patients with Parkinson's disease presenting with disorders of the urinary bladder sphincters with no detectable other neurological or urological cause. The incidence of these disorders varies greatly according to different authors this being likely due to a lack of their recognition in routine examinations. In many cases of the present series they were the initial symptom of the disease. The most frequent complaint was urgency of micturition, alone or associated with dysuria, the latter alone being much rarer. Urinary incontinence as a result of one or the other of these disturbances was a frequent feature. Overall clinical characteristics confirm the central neurologic origin of these disorders. Cystometry demonstrated detrusor hyperactivity in 60 p. cent of cases and hypoactivity in 35 p. cent. An electromyogram of the striated sphincter muscle and/or a urethral pressure graph were recorded in some patients. On the whole urodynamic data indicated detrusor muscle dysfunction as being the cause of the micturition disorders. L-Dopa could modify these disorders by increasing detrusor hypoactivity, probably through a central action. Anticholinergic agents provided good therapeutic results when detrusor hypoactivity was involved but it was much more difficult to improve hypoactivity. Data suggesting the role of basal ganglia lesions in detrusor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease are discussed. PMID- 6612142 TI - [Autosomal recessive severe, proximal myopathy in children, common in Tunisia]. AB - The genetic clinical, biological and histological study in five families with a muscular dystrophy are reported. The disease appears to be progressive, affecting both sexes, beginning often in infancy, severe at least in one of the siblings and variable from one case to the other. Hypertrophy of the calves, and weakness of the limb girdle as well as the trunk is present. CPK are much increased. Muscle biopsy shows active degeneration and regeneration. The genetic transmission is suggested to be autosomal recessive. Peculiar attention is drawn to the high incidence (75 per cent) of consanguinity of these cases. PMID- 6612143 TI - [Acute interhemispheric subdural hematomas]. AB - Three cases of acute interhemispheric subdural hematomas, one of which bilateral, are reported. These are secondary to cranial traumatism and/or to treatment by anticoagulants and have stereotyped clinical signs. Following a lucid period, intracranial hypertension appears, then a sudden predominantly crural hemiparesis or even paraplegia. The aspects shown by computerized tomography are characteristic. The literature and our experience suggest that the best treatment is complete evacuation of the hematoma by craniotomy performed before alteration of consciousness. PMID- 6612144 TI - [Clinico-pathologic conference at the Salpetriere. 5 May 1982. Gait disorders. Falls. Aneurysm of the abdominal aorta]. PMID- 6612145 TI - [96 cases of spontaneous medical cerebral hemorrhage. Diagnostic and therapeutic experience]. AB - Prognosis in a homogeneous series of 96 cases of non-traumatic cerebral hemorrhage admitted to a neurosurgical department within 6 to 24 hours of onset was assessed by studying possible correlations between clinical condition (grade I: conscious; grade II: somnolent; grade III: comatose; grade IV: comatose with signs of brain stem involvement) and computed tomography findings (site, extension, size of hemorrhage; degree of edema and of mass effect; presence of hydrocephalus or ventricular hemorrhage). It was possible to distinguish effects due to destruction and/or compression of functional cerebral regions for a given clinical picture, and to apply these data to determine types of therapy and surveillance according to 3 time-periods. During the first 48 hours there was almost perfect agreement between the severity of the clinical picture and the degree of cerebral destruction (62,6 p. 100 of grade IV, 27,7 p. cent of grade III died). Only patients in grade III with temporal hemorrhage directly menacing the brain stem were operated upon. From the 3rd to the 7th day surveillance was based on clinical findings and computed tomography, repeated in principle on the 3rd and 7th days. Patients operated upon during this period were those in whom clinical signs and/or effects due to mass effect as seen on the CTscan were becoming worse. The third period, lasting from the 8th to the 21st day, was that during which the vital prognosis was generally no longer affected, and indications for surgery were functional in nature. The prognostic value of measurements of intracranial pressure is discussed. PMID- 6612146 TI - [Quadriceps myopathy or amyotrophic quadriceps syndrome. Nosologic study apropos of 10 cases]. AB - Quadricipital myopathies are often mentioned but have been described in only about 10 papers. Based on a review of the literature and 10 personal cases, the term "quadricipital amyotrophic syndrome" is proposed for a group of affections which can currently be divided into: 1) primary muscular dystrophies: pure quadricipital myopathy, quadricipital myopathy "plus", lumbopelvifemoral myopathy though it is doubtful whether the latter should be included; 2) metabolic muscular disorders; 3) chronic polymyositis localized to the quadriceps; 4) spinal amyotrophy localized to the quadriceps. PMID- 6612147 TI - [Multiple sclerosis. Current status of research. II]. PMID- 6612148 TI - [Steele-Richardson-Olszewski disease without ophthalmoplegia. 6 clinico-anatomic cases]. AB - Six clinico-pathological cases (4 males and 2 females) with a Parkinson-like syndrome which lasted an average of 5 1/2 years are reported. The average age at death was 73 years. Neuropathological features were similar to those described in post encephalitic Parkinson's syndrome and in Steele-Richardson-Olszewski disease. However, neurofibrillary tangles were less numerous; lesions in tectal, periaqueductal and reticular structures were less severe. Furthermore, the lesions seemed more pronounced in the substantia nigra, the globus pallidus and the nucleus subthalamicus, giving the appearance of a systematic pallido-luyso nigral atrophy. None of these patients had a history of encephalitis. Clinical examination did not reveal the dystonic rigidity in extension of the neck nor the characteristic ophthalmoplegia of progressive supranuclear palsy. These 6 cases are compared to 10 cases of progressive supranuclear palsy typical both on clinical and pathological grounds. They could be considered as a particular form of Steele-Richardson-Olszewski disease without ophthalmoplegia. PMID- 6612149 TI - [Dystonia musculorum deformans. Favorable effect of bromocriptine]. AB - A 25 year-old woman suffered from a severe dystonia musculorum deformans since the age of 14. No similar cases were recorded in the family. Examination showed torsion spasm and a cogwheel phenomenon in both superior limbs. Signs disappeared on bromocriptine 22,5 mg/day then reappeared when dosages where progressively reduced. With 12.5 mg/day after 1 year of treatment, the patient leads a normal life including university studies. PMID- 6612150 TI - [Paroxysmal hemicrania. Post-stenotic dilatation of the subclavian artery]. AB - A 50 year-old women presented with a history of increasingly frequent bouts of cervicofacial pain over the last 18 months, and a pulsatile tumor in the supraclavicular region. Angiography showed a stenosis of the left subclavian artery with post-stenotic dilatation related to a cervical rib. No further pain was experienced after removal of the rib. The probable rate of the autonomic nervous system in the physiopathology of this painful syndrome is discussed. PMID- 6612151 TI - [Progressive psychomotor deterioration, somnolence and astasia]. PMID- 6612152 TI - [Isolated hemianopic central scotoma and carotid aneurysm]. PMID- 6612153 TI - [Optokinetic nystagmus in esotropia]. PMID- 6612154 TI - [Is the McCollough effect of any value in neurophthalmology?]. PMID- 6612155 TI - [Tolosa-Hunt syndrome]. PMID- 6612156 TI - [Computed tomographic localization of the primary auditory and visual cortex areas]. PMID- 6612157 TI - [Technic of learning monocular motor control for the purpose of correcting strabismus]. PMID- 6612158 TI - [Rare etiology of atypical bitemporal hemianopsia: the Kearns-Sayre syndrome]. PMID- 6612159 TI - [Pathology of color thresholds in lateral homonymous hemianopsia detected at 3, 6 and 10 degrees]. PMID- 6612160 TI - [Loss of unilateral voluntary closing of the eyelids and palpebral motor impersistence as a result of a parietal tumor lesion]. PMID- 6612161 TI - [Visual fields and psychopathologic alterations]. PMID- 6612162 TI - [Behcet's disease with neurologic complications. Apropos of 1 case]. PMID- 6612163 TI - [Can Uhthoff's sign be applied to the study of visual evoked potentials in multiple sclerosis without ocular manifestation?]. PMID- 6612164 TI - [Intrapetrous vascular tumors. Difficulties in the clinical, arteriographic and anatomo-pathological diagnosis]. PMID- 6612165 TI - [A rare cephalic malformation : craniostenosis with hemiarhinia. Pathogenetic discussion and therapeutic problems]. PMID- 6612167 TI - [Alternating nystagmus]. PMID- 6612166 TI - [Prognostic value of the trigeminofacial reflex in immediately severe posttraumatic coma. Apropos of 40 cases]. PMID- 6612168 TI - [Moebius' syndrome. Surgical possibilities]. PMID- 6612169 TI - [Present status of otologic involvement in syphilis]. PMID- 6612170 TI - [Optokinetic nystagmus and aphasias]. PMID- 6612171 TI - [Results of a planorbid survey of the Presidente Prudente area - State of Sao Paulo]. PMID- 6612172 TI - [Computerized tomography of blastomycotic granuloma of the brain]. PMID- 6612173 TI - A fibroblast mitogen present in scleroderma but not control sera: inhibition by proteinase inhibitors. AB - Fibroblast mitogenic activity (MA) has been identified in scleroderma (SD) sera. Control and scleroderma skin fibroblasts in early passage were observed for replication (cell counts) after 72 h of serum exposure. SD sera at 15% concentration induced a significant increase in control fibroblast numbers when compared with control sera; this effect was not seen with SD cells while at higher serum concentrations (30%); SD cells were slightly responsive to the MA. MA was completely abrogated by the proteinase inhibitors STI and TLCK which did not affect mitogens in healthy sera. Circulating mitogenic proteinases selective for fibroblasts could play a role in the fibrosis of SD by modulating fibroblast replication. PMID- 6612174 TI - The assessment of radiological changes in the hands and wrists in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Two methods of assessing changes in hand and wrist radiographs, the Larsen Index and Amos Index, were compared and contrasted in 48 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). X-rays were taken before and after 1 year of treatment with remission-inducing drugs and scored independently by three observers using both methods. Single readings of radiographs using the Larsen Index were highly reproducible (intra- and inter-observer correlations greater than 0.90 on all occasions), but reproducibility fell when changes were determined from paired films (intra- and inter-observer correlations 0.47-0.82). Variability was greatest in the proximal interphalangeal and wrist joints. The Amos Index, which assesses erosive progression and not the appearance of single films, was more reproducible (intra- and inter-observer correlations 0.72-0.94); it would therefore be better able to detect small changes in groups of patients. The scoring systems were significantly correlated (r = 0.63; P less than 0.001), and with both different observers scored the films at the same "level'. The Amos Index is simple, reproducible, and does not require standard films. It is the assessment of choice. PMID- 6612175 TI - A comparison of patients with seropositive and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis. AB - It has recently been suggested that a subpopulation of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, diagnosed on clinical, radiologic and pragmatic grounds, but with negative rheumatoid factor tests, represents a clinical entity quite distinct from that of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. We have studied 60 sequentially presenting patients, 30 of whom were selected because they were seronegative, and 30 selected because they were seropositive in regard to IGM rheumatoid factor. The only major differences detected between the two groups on "blind' assessment were a greater tendency to deformity, a greater degree of erosion and the presence of subcutaneous nodules in the seropositive group. Seronegative and seropositive rheumatoid arthritis appear to have very similar clinical features, but differing degrees of severity. PMID- 6612176 TI - Electromyography in rhinoplasty. AB - The function of the nasal muscles in rhinoplasty has not been investigated sufficiently. On this reason electromyographical and neuromyographical investigations were done in a group of rhinoplastics before and immediately after surgery but also at least 8 weeks later on. By performing a conservative technique the initial disturbance of the muscles immediately after surgery disappears in a high percentage and voluntarily movements of the nasal muscles can be observed. Different results are discussed. PMID- 6612177 TI - Active anterior rhinomanometry in pre- and postoperative evaluation, use of Broms' mathematical model. AB - The authors studied the value of the Broms' mathematical model for active anterior rhinomanometry in a pathological population. They compared all different variables of a pathological group with a normal group and found significant differences for v0, v2 and R. There existed no difference between the means of v0 before and after surgery. There existed, however, a strongly positive correlation between the expiration and inspiration value. The influence of surgery was always significant for the variables v1, v2, v3 and R. Furthermore, the absolute deviation between the computed values and the recorded values tended to be very small. So, the authors concluded that rhinomanometry is a valuable aid in judging pre- and postoperative results. PMID- 6612178 TI - Value of the Tc99m particle test and the saccharin test in mucociliary examinations. AB - In a first phase, the two methods were evaluated separately, the saccharin test was done in 40 healthy test subjects, 30 atopic patients and 30 patients presenting nasal ventilation problems; subsequently the Tc99m particle test was carried out in 39 test subjects under standard conditions (relative humidity and temperature). In 120 patients the tests were done in one nasal canal, whereas they were carried out in both nasal canals simultaneously in 19 patients. In a second phase the two methods were applied simultaneously in the same nasal canal in 44 subjects, of whom 15 did not experience any nasal problems and 29 had undergone a nasal packing. The investigators were able to establish significant differences in the results obtained by the two methods. The present study shows that mucociliary activity is considerably influenced by ventilation and that under pathological conditions both tests should be used as complementary investigational methods. PMID- 6612179 TI - Patency of the nasofrontal duct during frontal sinusitis. AB - In a series of frontal sinuses trephined due to frontal sinusitis the airway resistance of the nasofrontal duct was tested during the healing period as well as in a long-term follow-up study up to one year. The nasofrontal duct was more resistant to passage for air than for saline during the healing period. A high incidence of recurrences was found in cases with high airway resistance of the duct, a prolonged primary healing period and when major nasal pathology was found. PMID- 6612180 TI - The effect of a local decongestant in acute rhinitis as related to body position. AB - In different forms of rhinitis a recumbent position aggravates nasal congestion. An earlier study has shown how a recumbent position strongly reduces the effect of oral decongestants. Now the effect of a local decongestant, oxymetazolinchlorid, in acute rhinitis as related to body position has been studied by means of rhinomanometry. The effect of this local decongestant seems not to be affected by body position. PMID- 6612181 TI - Ornipressin as vasoconstrictor in rhinosurgery. AB - The haemostatic effect of a high concentration of ornipressin 5 IU/10 mls lidocaine was studied in 127 patients undergoing rhinosurgery under two types of general anaesthesia. Under halothane/enflurane anaesthesia blood pressure and heart rate remained nearly constant up to 15 minutes following local injection of ornipressin into the nasal tissues. Good haemostasis was achieved in 86.5 percent of cases. Under diazepam/fentanyl anaesthesia an elevation of blood pressure was observed following infiltration of ornipressin. Thus the high concentration cannot be recommended for cases with blood pressure dyscrasias. The haemostatic effect was either good in only 60 percent of the patients. PMID- 6612182 TI - Combined therapy for maxillary sinus carcinoma with special reference to cryosurgery. AB - Three hundred cases of maxillary sinus carcinoma were divided into four groups according to the initial treatment: the first group was treated by irradiation of 5,000 rad (25 fractions) for 5 weeks; the second by intra-arterial infusion of 5 FU combined with irradiation; the third by sinus curetting in accordance with Denker's operation combined with the second method; and the fourth by cryosurgery once a week during the second irradiation method followed by sinus curetting at the end of initial treatment. Histologically confirmed recurrence was removed by maxillectomy, if possible. The three year cumulative survival rates in the four groups were 27.1% (first group), 55.1% (second group), 53.5% (third group) and 53.1% (fourth group). The three year local non-recurrence rates after initial treatment without maxillectomy were 26.4%, 31.1%, 55.8% and 45.4%, respectively. The frequency of distant metastasis without local recurrence was as high as 12.3% in the third group and conversely 5.6% in the fourth. These results demonstrated the usefulness of cryosurgery. PMID- 6612183 TI - Symposium "immediate and late repair after nasal trauma" introduction. PMID- 6612184 TI - [Utility objects most frequently causing contact allergy and skin irritation. IV. Shoes and clothes]. PMID- 6612186 TI - [Theoretical evaluation of the nutritive value of daily food rations in boarding schools based on the results of laboratory analysis. II. Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron and potassium]. PMID- 6612185 TI - [Field studies on the effectiveness of insecticides containing juvenile hormones against the ant Monomorium pharaonis L]. PMID- 6612187 TI - [Views and behavior of elderly inhabitants of Warsaw as related to food and nutrition (preliminary study)]. PMID- 6612188 TI - [Nitrates and nitrites in food. I. Food products for infants and children]. PMID- 6612189 TI - [Determination of organophosphate insecticide residues in apples and pears using the "Technicon" analyzer]. PMID- 6612190 TI - [Studies on ethephon residues in tomatoes after spraying the plants with ethrel]. PMID- 6612191 TI - [Lysosomal enzyme activity as an indicator for the toxicological evaluation of contact allergens. I. Contact allergy]. PMID- 6612192 TI - [Detection and determination of butylhydroxytoluene in polypropylene used for the production of food wrappings]. PMID- 6612193 TI - [Study on the teratogenic effect of crill meat]. PMID- 6612194 TI - [Evaluation of the total mercury content of human tissues. II. Mercury content of the hair of the general population and of persons occupationally exposed to mercury vapors]. PMID- 6612195 TI - [Toxic effects of tin. I. Inorganic tin compounds]. PMID- 6612196 TI - [An unusual cause of sciatica: soft tissue desmoid tumor. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - The authors report 2 cases of sciatica resulting from nervous compression by a desmoid tumour in women aged 33 and 27 years. In each case, careful exeresis did not prevent recurrence as shown by tomodensitometry. Eight other well-documented cases were found in the literature. The desmoid tumour penetrates the buttock and thigh muscles and presses the sciatic nerve. The patients often suffer from previous and persistent sciatica which can combine with hip restriction. The responsible tumour made up of abundant bundles of collagenous fibers, a small number of fusiform cells without mitosis or atypics and on the periphery degenerative and dissociated muscle fibers is usually discovered late. Tomodensitometry is the best means of detection, evaluation of the extent, adhesions and recurrence during the observation period. Treatment is usually surgical and success depends on the quality of the exeresis. Other methods, corticoid, anti-oestrogen and radiotherapy, sometimes effective in desmoid tumours of the abdominal wall, do not prevent recurrence in the buttocks or thighs which are of sciatic derivation. PMID- 6612197 TI - [The intercapital metatarsal space. Anatomical and pathological aspects]. AB - The metatarsal intercapital space is located in the forefoot, between two metatarsal heads and above the transverse inter-metatarsal ligament. The 2nd space is the narrowest, the 1st is the widest and the 3rd is the most mobile. It contains a connective tissue bursa which facilitates the sliding of the metatarsal heads. The existence of this bursa was confirmed in two cases of rheumatoid arthritis (at operation). As the bursa hypertrophies, it gradually extends beyond its normal site towards the dorsal or plantar region of the foot. The metatarsal intercapital space, like the metatarso-phalangeal joint, warrants thorough clinical investigation. PMID- 6612198 TI - [Bone metastasis of a benign uterine leiomyoma. First case in the literature]. PMID- 6612199 TI - [Anti-collagen antibodies. Their detection in rheumatoid polyarthritis, chronic atrophic polychondritis and various chronic inflammatory rheumatism]. AB - The authors administered by passive haemagglutination, natural or denatured type I and II anticollagen antibodies in the serum of 83 rheumatoid polyarthritis, 20 ankylosing spondylarthritis, 30 relapsing polychondritis, 13 diffuse sclerodermics, 12 Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome patients. Type II natural anti collagen antibodies are common in relapsing polychondritis (37 percent). They are rarer in rheumatoid polyarthritis (15 percent) and the frequency is identical to that found in patients suffering from gonarthrosis and coxarthrosis. Natural type II anti-collagen antibodies may be occur in etiopathogenesis of relapsing polychondritis. Denatured II ant-collagen antibodies are common during ankylosing spondylarthritis (35 percent) and diffuse sclerodermia, and are found in rheumatoid polyarthritis (23 percent) and in Gougerot Sjogren syndrome (25 percent). They possibly play a pathological role in these diseases although this has not been proved. They are detected almost as often in the synovial fluid of inflammatory rheumatisms (53 percent) and in gonarthrosis (41 percent). PMID- 6612200 TI - [Evaluation of the percentage of increased spongy bone in experimental osteoporosis treated with synthetic anabolic agents]. AB - In this paper, the authors discuss the variations in the quantity of spongy bone in rats of the same sex, same age and same weight subjected to a normocalcic diet, a hypocalcic diet or a hypocalcic diet plus synthetic anabolic agent. In the rats subjected to a hypocalcic diet, there is a statistically significant reduction in the quantity of spongy bone, in comparison to that of the other two groups. In other words, the hypocalcic diet led to a rarefying osteopathy, which was partially prevented by the use of synthetic anabolic agents. the authors also observed that the rarefying osteopathy was more intense in the distal epiphysis of the femur than in the neck of the femur. If this feature is confirmed in man, it would constitute a precious aid to the early detection of osteoporosis. PMID- 6612201 TI - [Lymphocytic arthritis. 54 cases, of which 25 appear to be idiopathic]. AB - The authors studied rheumatological disorders possibly accounting for significant articular lymphocytosis (greater than or equal to 90 percent). A precise diagnosis was established in 29 of 54 cases: haemophilic arthritis (3 cases), villonodular synovitis (3 cases), tubercular arthritis (1 case), rubella (1 cases), aseptic arthritis of Osler's endocarditis (2 cases), necrosis of the inner condyl (1 case), Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome (1 case), classical rheumatoid polyarthritis (8 cases), probable (7 cases). The other 25 patients suffered from: polyarthritis (7 cases), oligoarthritis (1 case), biarthritis (8 cases) and monoarthritis (9 cases) of undetermined etiology. Besides articular lymphocytosis, clinical radiological and histological study of these patients indicates that this is a distinct rheumatological entity. PMID- 6612202 TI - [Osteoporosis and prolonged administration of antialdosterone drugs. Histomorphometric study]. PMID- 6612203 TI - [A case of spondylodiscitis caused by Propionibacterium acnes and Peptococcus constellatus]. PMID- 6612204 TI - [Tumoral calcinosis and metastatic calcifications. Pathogenesis and attempt at classification]. PMID- 6612205 TI - [Bronchospasm as an allergic manifestation after intravenous injection of urate oxidase in a female patient treated for myeloma]. PMID- 6612206 TI - [Sternal hyperostosis]. PMID- 6612207 TI - [Regional blood flow (86Rb uptake) in the femur of rats after administration of angiotensin]. PMID- 6612208 TI - [Effect of histamine and levamisole on E rosettes in liver diseases]. PMID- 6612209 TI - [Cystadenoma of the pancreas]. PMID- 6612210 TI - [Indicators of emotional experience in the Rorschach test in women with pelvic pain without an organic pathologic findings]. PMID- 6612211 TI - Evaluation of the monaurally evoked brainstem response in the diagnosis of sensorineural hearing loss. AB - The auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) obtained in 47 subjects with asymmetric hearing loss (12 with surgically confirmed cerebello-pontine angle tumours, 35 without otoneurologic and/or neuroradiologic evidence of tumour) were evaluated by means of an index named delta V. The calculation of this index was based upon the patient's wave V absolute latency obtained at a fixed intensity of 90 dB HL and the value of latency predictable by means of the normative data. The index clearly separates retrocochlear from cochlear sites of lesion. Moreover delta V values obtained in defined cochlear lesions show a linear relation with the patient's pure tone hearing loss at 2 and 4 kHz; this behaviour is probably due to a reduction of the auditory dynamic range in the recruiting ears. delta V appears to have clinical usefulness because of two main points: first it is based upon an evaluation of the monaurally evoked ABR; second, it improves the diagnostic specificity of the responses. The rate of false positive results can be further reduced by combining delta V and IT5 values. PMID- 6612212 TI - High-pass and notch noise masking in suprathreshold brainstem response audiometry. AB - The combination of suprathreshold tone-bursts with frequency of 0.5, 1 or 2 kHz and ipsilateral high-pass (HP) or notch noise masking has been studied in 52 adults referred for otoneurological examination on account of unilateral or asymmetric high-frequency hearing loss. Wave V latency changes are similar for both HP and notch noise masking and, in accordance with cochlear tonotopicity, are greater for the lower stimulus frequencies. Results are, however, not always conclusive with either technique, and response identification is problematical at 0.5 kHz. The less demanding HP masking technique is considered the method of choice since possible influence from the stapedius reflex is minimal and a better signal-noise ratio obtained. PMID- 6612214 TI - Noise-induced hearing loss in shipyard workers with unilateral conductive hearing loss. AB - In a study of 6500 workers in the shipbuilding industry, 8 subjects were found to have unilateral conductive hearing impairment established before the noise exposure period and without recurrent attacks of acute or chronic infection or clinical diagnosis of otosclerosis. All subjects demonstrated a more pronounced sensorineural hearing loss at 4.0 kHz in the ear with normal middle ear function. The results show the value of even a small permanent conductive hearing loss for protection against noise-induced hearing loss. The observations are discussed in relation to the role of individual variations in sound transmission, the value of the acoustic reflex in noise-induced hearing loss and the efficiency of continuous use of hearing protectors. PMID- 6612213 TI - Interpretation of brainstem auditory evoked potentials: results from intracranial recordings in humans. AB - The results of recording intracranially from the auditory nerve, lower brainstem nuclei, and the inferior colliculus in more than 40 patients operated upon for hemifacial spasm and trigeminal neuralgia are presented. Recordings from the auditory nerve have shown that the auditory nerve is the neural generator of the first two peaks in the human ABR. Recordings from the entrance of the eighth nerve into the brainstem and locations close to that reveal potentials; the latencies of the peaks in these potentials match those of peaks III and IV. These peaks are therefore assumed to have their source in second-and third-order neurons of the ascending auditory pathway. Recordings from the inferior colliculus show a surface-positive deflection followed by a slow negative wave usually with several undulations. The latency of the positive peak matches that of wave V of the scalp-recorded ABR. It is assumed that the neural generator of this component of the potential recorded from the inferior colliculus is the lateral lemniscus and that the slow, surface-negative potential originates in the inferior colliculus. The latency of this slow potential is too long to explain that nucleus as the neural generator of peak V, as was assumed previously. PMID- 6612215 TI - A comment on A. Ginzel et al.: "The role of temporal factors in auditory perception of consonants and vowels". PMID- 6612216 TI - Stimulus waveforms used in brainstem response audiometry. AB - Clicks and tone-bursts are the most widely used stimuli in brainstem response audiometry. The acoustic click waveform is not only dependent on electric pulse length, but also on the type of transducer, ear coupling and measuring method employed. On the other hand, acoustic tone-bursts are more precisely defined by the electric stimulus-parameters since they show less variation under the same experimental conditions. Acoustic cancellation with alternating polarity electric stimuli is also better with tone-bursts. PMID- 6612217 TI - A comparative study of measurements of SN-10 and the 40/sec middle latency responses in newborns. AB - Auditory SN-10 responses and summed middle latency responses (40/sec MLR) were obtained from 36 full-term newborns. Wave V latencies from 20-70 dB nHL were in agreement with previous studies. Although the amplitudes of the SN-10 and the 40/sec MLR paradigms were not significantly different, we were able to detect the lowest thresholds with an SN-10 response for unfiltered clicks. The mean threshold for the click evoked SN-10 potential was 5 dB better than the mean threshold for the click evoked 40/sec MLR and 10 dB better than the mean threshold for the 500 Hz toneburst 40/sec MLR. We conclude that both the SN-10 and 40/sec MLR techniques can be useful in the assessment of the hearing of newborns, but that only the 40/sec MLR may be useful in obtaining responses to a 500 Hz toneburst. PMID- 6612218 TI - Cochlear initiation sites of the frequency following potential. AB - This study used a series of non-simultaneous masking stimuli set at subjects' pulsation threshold (PT) level to deduce frequency following potential (FFP) tuning curves for 500-Hz tone bursts at 80 and 100 dB SPL. PT and FFP tuning curves were determined in the presence and absence of continuous high-pass masking noise. Results from study demonstrated differences in FFP tuning curves, depending on the high-pass masking condition. High-frequency end of FFP tuning curve was diminished in the presence of high-pass masking noise. These findings suggested that higher frequency tone bursts were less effective in diminishing FFP amplitude when basal end of cochlea was masked. Findings suggest that cochlear initiation site of FFP extends beyond the apical turn of the cochlea at moderate and high intensity levels. A limited clinical use for FFP is suggested. PMID- 6612219 TI - Acid-base status of biological fluids: amount of acid, kind of acid, anion-cation difference, and buffer value. AB - A formal concept of amount of substance of 'acid' and 'base' is proposed which is based upon the change in extent of protolytic equilibria in an arbitrary reference state for the components of the system concerned and equally consistent with the Bronsted-Lowry terminology, the older medical 'anion-cation' terminology, and the operational principle of titration. It is shown how this concept allows formulations of the 'acid-base status' of biological fluids in accordance with various types of physiological, biochemical, or clinical problems. Finally, a general expression for buffer value is presented which is valid for any acid, base, or ampholyte at any pH. PMID- 6612220 TI - Metabolism of exogenous adenine in a pyruvate kinase-deficient patient. AB - The metabolism of adenine, administered intravenously and orally, was studied in a patient with red cell pyruvate kinase (PK)-deficiency. Intravenous infusion of 58.5 mumol of adenine per kg containing 6475 Bq of 8-14C adenine caused an initial decrease in red cell ATP level and the gradual return to the pre-infusion level coincided with an increase in radiolabelled ATP. Of the infused adenine, 1.3% had entered the red cell pool after 2 h. The route of administration affected the urinary excretion of adenine and its oxymetabolites; after 6 h, 10.7% of the infused adenine had been excreted, compared with 7.4% after ingestion of a similar dose. In 10 control subjects given 45.1-55.5 mumol/kg, excretion of adenine plus oxymetabolites accounted for 13.5 +/- 2.9% of the ingested dose. Differences were also observed in the urinary purine excretion patterns for the two routes of administration. This study has shown that adenine can be incorporated into ATP in the red cells of a PK-deficient patient. PMID- 6612221 TI - Effects of acute carbon tetrachloride intoxication on kinetics of galactose elimination by perfused rat livers. AB - Seventeen livers of 200 g rats, of which seven had received 435 microliters of CCl4 (LD15) by gastric tube 36 h earlier, were isolated and perfused in a once through system at 9 ml/min with a semi-synthetic medium to which galactose was added to concentrations from 0.1 to 3.3 mmol/l. The relative liver weight was increased by 13% by CCl4. The portal pressure was 16 cmH2O and the oxygen consumption of the livers 20 mumol/min, both unchanged by CCl4. In each liver four to six sets of galactose elimination rate at different galactose concentrations were measured. The relation was examined by a model including modification of the simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics by allosterism. The resulting Vmax values were decreased by CCl4 from 1.20 +/- 0.18 in controls to 0.78 +/- 0.19 mumol X min-1 X 100 g-1 body weight (mean +/- SEM, P less than 0.001). The affinity constant was decreased from 0.18 +/- 0.06 to 0.11 +/- 0.02 mmol/l (mean +/- SEM, P less than 0.015) in CCl4-treated livers. The decrease in affinity constant may--if it also applies to other substances eliminated by the liver--have implications for the use of a clearance as a measure of functional capacity, since this presupposes that the affinity constant remains unchanged during liver disease. PMID- 6612222 TI - Isoelectric focusing of glutathione S-transferases: comparison of the acidic transferases from human liver, kidney, lung, spleen and placenta. AB - The glutathione S-transferase composition of human liver, kidney, lung, spleen and placenta was studied by density gradient isoelectric focusing. On the basis of the enzyme distribution it was possible to divide the supernatants into two groups: one having a predominance of basic activity, the other acidic. Each supernatant consisted of more than one transferase. Human liver and kidney, two major detoxifying organs in the body, bore a clear predominance of basic enzymes and they had the highest transferase activities. The activity of the other organs consisted of almost only a single acidic transferase. Properties of the major acidic transferases from the organs were compared. Prior to the studies the enzymes underwent partial two-step purification. According to the comparison it seems evident that the major acidic transferases from human kidney, lung, spleen and placenta are either closely related or identical. PMID- 6612223 TI - Determination of sulphate/uronic acid ratios in glycosaminoglycans separated by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate. AB - Glycosaminoglycans fractionated by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate strips which were stained with toluidine blue and scanned in wet condition showed optical density spectra with an absorbance maximum at 525 nm and a second maximum at 595-610 nm. The maximum at 525 nm was found to depend on the presence of sulphate groups. The maximum at 595-610 nm was present in all glycosaminoglycans investigated including hyaluronic acid and keratan sulphate. The ratio between the integrals of absorbance at 525 and 645 nm of the electrophoretic fractions showed a linear relationship with the sulphate/uronic acid ratio. This was true for a uronic acid range from 1.75 to 6.25 nmol and a sulphate/uronic acid range from 0.34 to 1.72 mol/mol. The pH value of the electrophoresis buffer and the presence of protein in the sample had no influence on the absorbance ratio. Hence preincubation with chondroitinases could be done. Keratan sulphate on the other hand could not be studied by the method because the absorbance ratio of this glycosaminoglycan was too small. In repeated determinations on urinary and dermal glycosaminoglycans the method usually resulted in coefficients of variation of 5 to 15%. PMID- 6612224 TI - Predictive value of a new osmotic test in the screening of heterozygous beta thalassemias. AB - A new osmotic test (time for 50% haemolysis in standard solution) has been applied in patients affected with heterozygous beta thalassemia in a population consisting of 19 thalassemic patients, 15 sideropenic patients, and 52 controls. The same population was examined for heterozygous beta thalassemia using electronic measurement of the erythrocyte indices. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive value and efficiency of the two tests were calculated. Statistical analysis did not show any significant differences in sensitivity and specificity between the two methods. The authors conclude that the osmotic test is sensitive, reliable and rapid; it seems to be a valid substitute for electronic haematology analysers in countries where they are not available. PMID- 6612225 TI - Effects of metronidazole (Flagyl) on the determination of serum ASAT on the SMA 12/60 Auto Analyser. AB - Therapeutic serum concentrations of metronidazole will lead to under-estimation of ASAT activity when a SMA 12/60 Auto Analyser is used. This interference is due to metronidazole entering the colorimeter through the dialyser membrane in the SMA 12/60 Auto Analyser. This drug is one of the few with a relatively high therapeutic serum concentration, absorbing light in the 340 nm range. Metronidazole will similarily affect other 340 nm methods (LDH, ALAT) available on the SMA 12/60. This interference with metronidazole on the SMA 12/60 can easily be solved by the introduction of a separate serum blank channel for the 340 nm methods. PMID- 6612226 TI - Is the stability of the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve in stored blood a function of the way the cells 'pack'? AB - The results in this report show that the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve (ODC) of blood when stored at 4 degrees C under special storage conditions was stable for at least 7 days. The stability of the ODC was reflected in both the haemoglobin p50 (the partial pressure of oxygen at 50% saturation of the haemoglobin) and n (the Hill slope of the ODC) values and was associated with constant blood pH and 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid (2,3-DPG) concentrations. The ODC was stable whether heparin, ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) or citrate phosphate dextrose (CPD) were used as anticoagulants, but the latter was associated with higher p50 values than those observed in fresh samples. The most critical storage requirement for the ODC stability appeared to be some function of the area of the cell-plasma interface as orientation of the collection tubes in other than a vertical position, or storing blood in larger containers, resulted in a marked fall in p50. These results have important implications in that they suggest that the relative packing of the cells or cell-cell and/or cell plasma interfaces can significantly affect the ODC stability. Further, they may be of potential importance in blood banking practice. PMID- 6612227 TI - Diagnostic reagent kits - embarras de richesse. PMID- 6612228 TI - Nuclear hypersegmentation in the myeloma cells of a patient with multiple myeloma. AB - A patient with multiple myeloma in whom the bone marrow plasmablasts showed extensive lobulation is described. In addition to numerous lobes, some of the nuclei had a cerebriform appearance, similar to that observed in Sezary cells. The possible relation of this phenomenon to the expression of the altered function of the malignant cells is discussed. PMID- 6612229 TI - Zinc, copper, magnesium, and calcium in blood and plasma after phlebotomy. AB - Zinc levels in plasma and whole blood were investigated in 2 groups of blood donors. The first group consisted of 19 men and 11 women who donated blood for the first time and were followed during 3 phlebotomies. The second group comprised 44 men with 9 or more previous blood donations, their blood being analysed on a single occasion. Plasma concentrations of copper, magnesium, calcium and ferritin were also analysed. The zinc levels in whole blood and plasma in the second group were significantly lower as compared to the first group (P less than 0.001). Furthermore, the second group had significantly higher levels of copper and copper:zinc quotient in plasma as compared to those of the new blood donors (P less than 0.001). Our results indicate that besides the earlier known effect of blood donation on iron stores, there are also signs of zinc depletion when judged from the zinc levels in plasma and in erythrocytes. No significant changes in calcium and magnesium concentrations were seen during phlebotomy. PMID- 6612230 TI - Tropical anamnesis disguising malignant lymphoma. AB - The fatal history of 2 young men returning from the tropics is reported. The 1st case was characterized by recurrent fever and cholestatic jaundice, and the diagnostic and therapeutic efforts were directed towards exotic infection. Finally, indications of Hodgkin's disease were found and cytostatic treatment was tried unsuccessfully. Autopsy confirmed the diagnosis. The 2nd case was characterized by continuous fever and haemolysis requiring blood transfusion and prednisone. Tropical infection, among other things, was constantly suspected, but finally a liver biopsy demonstrated non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The diagnosis of malignant lymphoma in 2 previously healthy men was in both cases delayed by their stay in the tropics. PMID- 6612231 TI - Effect of prophylactic high-dose treatment with ampicillin and cloxacillin on bleeding time and bleeding in patients undergoing elective vascular surgery. AB - 50 patients undergoing elective vascular surgery were randomized to prophylactic antibiotic treatment with ampicillin 2 g X 4 + cloxacillin 1 g X 4 for 4 d following the operation, or to a control group without antibiotics. All patients received heparin subcutaneously 5000 IU X 2, for 7 d. On days 1 and 4 after the operation, the median bleeding time was 1 1/2-2 min longer in the antibiotics group. 5 patients on antibiotics had a bleeding time prolongation beyond the normal range, but only 2 of these, who had additional haemostatic defects, had abnormal bleeding. PMID- 6612233 TI - Chronic interstitial cystitis: increased levels of eosinophil cationic protein in serum and urine and an ameliorating effect of subcutaneous heparin. PMID- 6612232 TI - Sterilization by vas occlusion without transection does not reduce postvasectomy sperm-agglutinating antibodies in serum. A randomized trial of vas occlusion versus vasectomy. AB - The influence of transection of the vasa on the increase in sperm-agglutinating activity in serum after vasectomy was investigated in a prospective randomized study. Sixty-eight males requesting vasectomy were allocated to either of two groups: vas occlusion by tantalum clips without transection of the vasa, or conventional vasectomy by transection and ligation. Sperm-agglutinating antibodies were determined by a micro-agglutination test before and 6 months after vasectomy or vas occlusion. A significant increase in sperm-agglutinating activity in serum after sterilization was found in both groups, but there was no intergroup difference. PMID- 6612234 TI - Presenting symptoms, treatment delay and survival in bladder cancer. AB - In 212 consecutive patients with bladder tumour, relationships between symptoms, demographic factors, delay before treatment and survival rate were investigated. The presenting symptom was haematuria in 79% of the patients. The interval from onset of symptoms until treatment averaged 28 weeks (median = 15 weeks). The general practitioner delay comprised half of the total delay. Patients with cystitis as the presenting symptom and women with haematuria had the longest doctor delay. The length of delay did not influence the crude survival rate in patients with tumours in the two highest TNM stages. In T1 and T2 tumours, shorter delay tended to give a better survival rate. PMID- 6612235 TI - Renal function in idiopathic hydronephrosis. AB - In 11 patients who underwent Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty for unilateral hydronephrosis, renal function was examined with split-clearance technique immediately after the operation and 2-5 years postoperatively. The studies shortly after pyeloplasty showed decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) in most of the hydronephrotic kidneys. GFR improved slightly during the follow-up period, but RPF did not increase. The tubular dysfunction, expressed as moderately increased fractional excretion of electrolytes, showed significant improvement only as regards magnesium. The study indicates that reconstructive surgery is not warranted if the aim is to improve renal function in an asymptomatic patient with normal total GFR. On the other hand, patients with pain caused by the renal obstruction should always be subjected to surgery. PMID- 6612236 TI - Crystalline composition of urinary stones in recurrent stone formers. AB - 175 stones from 70 recurrent stone formers with each at least two stones available for analysis were studied crystallographically. The chance that a subsequent stone belonged to the same of five major stone groups was 65% but rose to 91% if three of these groups were considered as one (calcium stones). Other findings, however, indicate that distinction between the three groups of calcium stones is of interest. Thus, pure calcium oxalate stones (Ox) did not occur in the same patients as pure calcium phosphate stones (P). In comparable stones containing both the above types of components (OxP), the calcium phosphate content was significantly lower (average apatite content per stone 9%) in stones from patients who also had Ox stones than (37%) in those who had associated P stones. Also, the stone nucleus was frequently Ox in the OxP stones from the former and usually P in the OxP stones of the latter patients. Brushite occurred in 10% of the stones, which is more frequent than in unselected stone materials and largely due to a tendency for it to recur in a few patients. Patients who provide more than one stone for analysis appear to differ considerably in stone composition from stone patients in general, and inclusion of several stones from some patients will lead to bias in materials purporting to reflect stone composition in a population. When available, several stones from each patient should preferably be analysed. Exceptions may be made for cystine and, possibly, pure uric acid stone patients. PMID- 6612238 TI - Observations on urinary stone weight correlated with composition. AB - The weight of 500 upper urinary tract stones is correlated here with qualitative and quantitative stone analysis findings. The average weight was 725 mg, but 65% of the stones weighed less than 200 mg. With increasing weight, a shift in dominance from calcium oxalate to triple phosphate occurs. Stone materials differ in weight distribution, and reports of composition in different weight ranges may facilitate comparison and compensate for bias in selection of stones for analysis. Quantitative observations on stones consisting of calcium oxalate mono- and dihydrate with apatite show that the proportions of these components are much the same in all weight ranges, but vary with the composition of the nucleus. This is taken to support the significance of apatite in such stones and to indicate that stones with different nuclei should be considered separately. Similar observations on pure calcium oxalate stones may support a primary role of calcium oxalate monohydrate in the deposition of many such stones. Weight data for bladder stones are presented briefly and show a wide range of weights for all types of composition. PMID- 6612237 TI - Quantitative observations on the crystalline composition of urinary stones. AB - Quantitative analytical findings on upper urinary tract stones from 500 patients are reported and compared to data in the literature. Methods of presentation of quantitative data are discussed. A wide range of findings between recurrent stones in the same patient and between stones from patients with the same cause of stone formation was found. No immediate clinical value of quantitation can be seen, but larger materials and correlation with metabolic investigations in stone formers may reveal correlations of clinical interest. Quantitative observations may identify groups of patients and types of stones not recognised on the basis of qualitative analysis. Examples of this are given for calcium oxalate-calcium phosphate stones and for stones containing brushite. The organic matrix which usually contributes 2-3% of stone mass was not considered, but distinctly visible and separate organic material in 7 stones was quantitated by visual estimate. 32 stones were incomplete, and their quantitation may not be wholly representative. Their exclusion, however, would have led to major bias because most were large and nearly half were triple phosphate stones, both properties being relatively rare. In cases of multiple stones, usually only one was quantitated. Seventy patients provided more than one stone for analysis (Otnes, 1983b), but except when specifically stated only the first stone is considered. PMID- 6612239 TI - Transureteroureterostomy with cutaneous ureterostomy for permanent urinary diversion. AB - Transureteroureterostomy with cutaneous ureterostomy was used for permanent urinary diversion in 18 patients. No early complications occurred, but late complications arose in two patients. Because of its simplicity, this procedure should receive more frequent consideration for permanent urinary diversion. A low complication rate can be achieved by adherence to certain technical principles. PMID- 6612240 TI - Ultrasonic scanning after percutaneous renal biopsy. AB - Renal ultrasonic scanning was performed before and after 57 consecutive kidney biopsies in order to assess the value of this method in the diagnosis of complications. One large and six small perirenal haematomas were found, corresponding to an incidence of 13%. This figure is considerably larger than the incidence found with conventional diagnostic methods, but smaller than with computed tomography. One hydronephrosis and a blood clot in the urinary bladder were also diagnosed. No clinically significant complications were missed. We recommend ultrasonography as the first diagnostic procedure when biopsy complications are suspected. PMID- 6612241 TI - The effect of experimental hydronephrosis on clearance data. AB - Partial obstruction of one ureter was created in newborn rats and its effects were studied in the adult rat. The obstructed renal pelvis was found to be enlarged 2-3 times. The weight of the kidney on this side was 85% of the contralateral one. Inulin clearance was measured in a way, which allowed comparison between the conventional technique and a modified technique, designed to circumvent the dilution in the enlarged pelvis. With the conventional technique, filtration was 32% of that in the contralateral kidney, whereas with the new technique true filtration of the hydronephrotic kidney was 82% (p less than 0.001). The modified technique is evaluated and the implications of the functional results are discussed. PMID- 6612242 TI - Renal structural and functional changes after unilateral ureteral obstruction in rabbits. AB - Renal structural and functional changes following unilateral ureteral ligation for periods of 3 days to 6 weeks were studied in rabbits. The renal pelvic pressure increased to 20 cm H2O within 3 days of obstruction and in contrast to some previous investigations it was still raised after 6 weeks. Interstitial oedema, collapse of proximal tubules and dilatation of distal tubules were the earliest observed histological changes. Later findings were interstitial fibrosis, widespread atrophy of proximal tubules and, in the latest stages, dilatation of the collecting duct system. Thus, the distal tubules appeared considerably less resistant than the collecting ducts, to the increased pressure. Renal functional changes were studied one hour after release of obstruction of 3 days, 1-2-4 or 6 weeks' duration. In comparison to the contralateral kidney a rapid decrease of blood flow and glomerular filtration occurred in spite of a normal glomerular structure and collapsed proximal tubules and were probably related to haemodynamic disturbances such as arteriolar constriction. Although absolute electrolyte excretion was much reduced, the fractional excretion of several electrolytes, especially magnesium was increased already after 3 days of obstruction. These findings can presumably be correlated to the dilatation and early epithelial alterations in the distal tubules in which magnesium is predominantly reabsorbed. PMID- 6612243 TI - Effect of unilateral ureteral occlusion on fibrin deposition in the kidney and renal blood flow during intravascular coagulation in rat. AB - The effect of unilateral ureteral occlusion on fibrin deposition in the kidney and the interrelation of the fibrin deposition and the renal blood flow was studied in rat. Intravascular coagulation in the kidney was induced by infusion of thrombin and inhibition of fibrinolysis with tranexamic acid. The effects unilateral occlusion of the ureter for 1 and 24 h on fibrin deposition and renal blood flow were studied. Fibrin in the kidneys was quantitated by intravenous injection of 125I-labelled fibrinogen 24 h before the experiment. The renal blood flow was measured before and after infusion of thrombin by injection of 85Sr- and 141Ce-labelled microspheres into the left ventricle. After ureteral occlusion for 1 h the deposition of fibrin in the kidneys was unaffected. After 24 h substantially less fibrin deposition was found in the occluded than in the unoccluded kidney (0.3 +/- 0.2 and 5.7 +/- 1.6 mg, respectively; p less than 0.05). Before thrombin infusion the blood flow to the occluded kidney was less than that in the unoccluded kidney (2.1 +/- 0.8 and 3.7 +/- 1.2 ml/min, 100 g body weight, respectively; p less than 0.05). The blood flow after infusion of thrombin was equally reduced in both kidneys. The results contradict the hypothesis that vasoconstriction increases the amount of fibrin in the kidneys in thrombin-induced intravascular coagulation. PMID- 6612244 TI - Fournier's gangrene presenting as gas-forming subcutaneous infection of the scrotum. AB - Two cases of gas-forming Fournier's gangrene were recently treated in a urology department. The etiology, pathology, bacteriology and treatment of Fournier's gangrene are discussed. An aggressive attitude with respect to both surgery and antibiotic therapy is recommended as possible means of reducing the high mortality associated with the condition. PMID- 6612245 TI - Metastases to the spermatic cord, epididymis and testicles from carcinoma of the prostate--five cases. AB - In five out of 80 patients, orchiectomized in the course of treatment for prostatic carcinoma, metastatic growth in testicles, epididymis and/or spermatic cord was found. Two patients had bilateral metastases. Metastatic spread to scrotal organs seems to be more common than earlier thought. The most common way of dissemination is probably by lymphatic extension. Scrotal spread is a sign of advanced disease. PMID- 6612246 TI - Crossed ectopia of a solitary kidney. AB - Crossed ectopia of a solitary kidney, a rare congenital anomaly, was accidentally disclosed in connection with a gynaecological emergency. The patient had no symptoms from the urinary tract. The condition is discussed and the importance of its recognition is pointed out. PMID- 6612247 TI - Intra-arterial embolic occlusion of a bleeding intrarenal arteriovenous malformation: a case report. AB - A 41-year-old female patient with a profusely bleeding intrarenal arteriovenous malformation is described. The bleeding site was localized to the left kidney by cystoscopy and excretory urography. The diagnosis was confirmed by angiography and the malformation was treated by intra-arterial embolization without complications. PMID- 6612249 TI - Family background to and personal characteristics underlying teenage smoking. Background to teenage smoking. AB - Smoking habits at the age of 14 were studied in a series of about 11,000 children in Northern Finland. This cohort study was started before the birth of the child as a family inquiry. 6.4% of the children smoked every day and 59.5% were non smokers. Of the family background variables, parents' smoking, a one-parent family, and number of children in the family had the strongest association with juvenile smoking. Family background variables explained only 6.5% of the total variance in smoking among the girls and 3.5% among the boys, but when characteristics of the children themselves were also introduced into the analyses, 55.7% and 42.7% of the variance respectively could be explained. Juvenile smoking had the strongest association with drinking and excessive drinking of alcohol, poor school performance, less frequent participation in sports and greater body height. PMID- 6612248 TI - The newborn addict, ante- and postnatal care. AB - An investigation is presented of 87 Danish infants born to 62 drug-addicted mothers who had been pregnant altogether 145 times. In Denmark all pregnant women are offered prophylactic examinations, sometimes by their family doctor, sometimes by the midwife and in special cases by the obstetric clinic. Despite the fact that this antenatal care is considered especially important, not least for the addicted, pregnant woman, these offers were only poorly utilised. There were four perinatal deaths, of which two were stillbirths, further 3 infants died later as a result of abuse or neglect. After discharge from hospital only 43 infants lived at home with their mothers. The rest were either voluntarily or compulsorily placed with the mothers' parents, in family care, or in a childrens home. Only 2 infants were adopted. After their return home from the labour wards the mothers took little advantage of the prophylactic paediatric examinations and the vaccination program which are offered free by the family doctor to all children of pre-school age. The same was true regarding domiciliary visits by the health visitor. PMID- 6612251 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis in a medical information system: how valid is the diagnosis? AB - In order to validate the Stockholm County Medical Information System with regard to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) we have studied the medical records of 276 cases coded as RA in the medical information system. We searched information on the criteria for RA from (1961) and New York (1966). 18% of the medical records lacked information to the extent that an assessment of the number of criteria fulfilled was not possible. 9% fulfilled only one New York criterion and 7% fewer than three Rome criteria. 47% fulfilled four New York criteria and 35% at least seven Rome criteria. The most complete information on criteria was found in medical records from departments of rheumatology and these had also the highest degree of criteria fulfillment. A comparison is also presented between this sample of cases and a sample of RA persons selected from the general population with regard to fulfillment of criteria. PMID- 6612250 TI - Some social background variables among smoking and non-smoking primiparae. AB - Of a population of 2,427 Norwegian primiparae, 62.7% were non-smokers, 23.0% smoked fewer than 10 cigarettes a day, and 14.3% smoked 10 or more a day. There was a significant correlation between smoking in pregnancy and age below 20 years, unmarried or previously married status, and poor education (p less than 0.001). Poor housing is of less importance. The mean age of smokers (24.0 years) was significantly lower than that of non-smokers (25.8 years) (p less than 0.001). The overall incidence of smoking in pregnancy was not significantly different from that in the normal population, but pregnant women under 20 smoked significantly more and those older than 24 significantly less, compared with their counterparts in a normal population (p less than 0.01). PMID- 6612252 TI - Analysis of pathological outcome of pregnancy. AB - A series of publications have demonstrated that women undergoing numerous pregnancies during their reproductive lives show considerably higher pregnancy order-specific abortion rates or perinatal mortality rates than women who have been pregnant less often. This gives rise to a statistical problem of control in connection with analytical epidemiology, especially since these differences are far greater than those expected for rates of abortion or perinatal mortality, for example between various occupational categories. The present article is concerned with statistical control problems of this nature. On the basis of computer simulations, the extent and direction of the bias which inadequate statistical control may bring about is calculated for situations in which the presumed deleterious effect is reflected in gravidity- and pregnancy order-specific relative risks. PMID- 6612253 TI - Psychological obstacles to genetic education. AB - Medical knowledge and psychic reactions were studied in families affected by a progressive autosomal recessive disease, aspartylglucosaminuria. The information was given mainly in simple but written form. The subjects appeared to accept little correct information. Conversation did not appear to be of much value and intense emotional reactions were provoked. Attitudes towards the disease and patients could be divided into three groups: rational (30%), defensive (50%), and hostile (20%). The importance of early and repeated personal communication is emphasized. PMID- 6612254 TI - Myocardial protection in infant open heart surgery. AB - Myocardial protection was evaluated in 2 groups of 5 infants each undergoing correction of either tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) or subcristal ventricular septal defect (VSD). In group A, profound hypothermia and total circulatory arrest (PHTCA) was utilized. In group B, profound hypothermia and total circulatory arrest combined with potassium cardioplegia (PHTCA + K) was the method of protection used. The analysis was carried out by sequential measurements of clinical, electrocardiographic, enzymatic (CK-MB) and ultrastructural parameters. There were no operative deaths. One infant had a second operation for recurrent VSD. The average anoxic time was 35.4 min in group A (PHTCA) and 32.6 min in group B (PHTCA + K). Analysis of our data demonstrated that when potassium cardioplegia was added to PHTCA, there was less intraoperative myocardial damage according to physiological, ultrastructural and biochemical parameters than when profound hypothermia and total circulatory arrest was applied alone. PMID- 6612255 TI - Acute dissection confined to the abdominal aorta. AB - Acute dissection confined to the abdominal aorta is extremely rare. A case is presented in which the condition was lethal. Although the patient had a history of pituitary insufficiency, the etiology was shown to be atherosclerosis. PMID- 6612256 TI - Thrombosis of the subclavian vein--a rare complication of transvenous cardiac pacing. AB - Thrombosis of the central veins as a complication of transvenous cardiac pacing fortunately is rare. A case is presented in which symptomatic thrombosis of the subclavian vein arose seven weeks after implantation of a new electrode. The frequency, pathogenesis, clinical picture, complications and treatment of the condition are briefly discussed. PMID- 6612257 TI - Extracranial carotid and vertebral artery aneurysms. AB - Extracranial carotid aneurysms are uncommon, and in the past their management has not always been satisfactory. These aneurysms may be caused by arteriosclerosis, infection or trauma, or they may be congenital. Neurologic symptoms are common. Surgery is recommended for symptomatic aneurysms in patients of all ages. Non growing aneurysms in old patients can be conservatively managed. Six cases of carotid and one case of vertebral artery aneurysm are reported. The mode of clinical presentation, etiologic factors, angiographic findings and methods of management are discussed. PMID- 6612258 TI - Deformities of the female breasts after surgery for funnel chest. AB - A follow-up study of patients who had undergone surgery for funnel chest in the period 1962 to 1980 revealed that the operation had been performed for cosmetic reasons on four prepubertal girls. A bow-shaped inframammary incision had been attempted in all cases. At follow-up examination, 13 to 17 years later, the scars were situated across the breasts in all four patients. Scars after a pleural drain and removal of the Sulamma struts could also be seen in two of the patients. One patient had undergone plastic surgery for reconstruction of both breasts. In all operative procedures on the thorax in children, a distance of 3 to 5 cm from the areola should be maintained, depending on the patient's age, in order to avoid damage to breast tissue. In particular, it would seem advantageous to employ a vertical sternal incision at operation for funnel chest. PMID- 6612259 TI - Hemothorax as rare presentation of intralobar pulmonary sequestration. AB - In a patient with intralobar pulmonary sequestration the presenting feature was severe hemothorax caused by rupture of the anomalous artery. Only one previous case with this presentation was found in the literature. During operation for intralobar sequestration, the blood vessels of the anomaly must be clearly visualized, in order to avoid further complications. When the condition is suspected, angiography is mandatory for establishment of the diagnosis. PMID- 6612260 TI - Endoscopic evaluation at follow-up after Bjork tracheostoma. AB - Fifty-six patients who had had tracheostomy of modified Bjork type underwent follow-up examination with tracheal X-ray and endoscopy. In six patients the tracheal lumen was narrowed by one-fourth to one-half. No treatment was required in any case. Endoscopy seems to be the simplest and most reliable method for judging the degree of tracheal stenosis. PMID- 6612261 TI - Strut fractures in De Bakey aortic valves. AB - In two of six patients with a De Bakey aortic valve prosthesis implanted in 1973, strut fractures occurred after 7.5 and 9 years, respectively. In one case the cage and ball embolized and the outcome was fatal. The second case was recognized before embolization had occurred, and the valve could be successfully replaced. Valve replacement is recommended in cases with a De Bakey aortic prosthesis of the described type. PMID- 6612262 TI - Atrial tumors--surgical experience of 9 cases. AB - Nine patients underwent surgical removal of intracardiac tumor during a 12-year period. The mean age of the five women and four men was 57 years (range 40 to 69). Eight of the nine patients were operated on in the last four years of the study period. The interval from onset of symptoms to surgery averaged 18.3 months. Clinical presentation varied significantly, reflecting mechanical, embolic and constitutional effects of the intracardiac mass. Echocardiography was the noninvasive procedure that contributed most to preoperative diagnosis, confirming presence of an intracardiac tumor in seven of the eight examined patients. Of the nine intracardiac tumors, seven were myxomas (6 left atrial and 1 right atrial), one was a primary left atrial liposarcoma and one a right atrial metastasis from an anaplastic carcinoma of the kidney. No patient died during or immediately after the operation. The two patients with malignant tumor died, two months and two years postoperatively, from progression of the basic disease. In neither case, however, was atrial recurrence of tumor found at autopsy. Of the seven surviving patients, five are symptom-free after observation periods averaging 34 months (range 2 months to 12 years). The other two still have signs of mild congestive heart failure. No recurrence of atrial myxoma has so far been detected. PMID- 6612263 TI - Elucidation of some epidemiologic principles. AB - This review is an attempt to elucidate some fundamental epidemiologic concepts, particularly various aspects of the case-referent design and its relations to the cohort type of study. Some of these aspects also have direct implications for judgements about the comparability of differently exposed population groups, eg, with regard to confounding. PMID- 6612264 TI - Increased frequency of lymphocyte micronuclei in workers producing reinforced polyester resin with low exposure to styrene. AB - A new micronucleus method based on the analysis of lymphocytes with preserved cytoplasm revealed an increased frequency of micronuclei in 38 workers employed in a plant producing styrene-modified polyester resin as compared to the frequency in 20 referents (5.9 vs 3.6%). The time-weighted average of the styrene concentration in the workroom air varied between 1 and 36 ppm (mean 13 ppm) during the last year and correlated well to low urinary levels of mandelic acid, which ranged from 9 to 316 mg/g of creatinine (mean 65 mg/g of creatinine). PMID- 6612265 TI - Mortality experience among chromeplating workers. Initial findings. AB - A retrospective cohort study was conducted in nine chromeplating plants to examine the mortality of workers employed for at least one year during the period January 1951-December 1981. The study group totaled 178 individuals, 116 of whom were from "hard" and 62 from "bright" chromeplating plants. Vital status ascertainment was 97% complete. The total number of deaths was fairly close to the expected figure (15 observed, 15.2 expected), whereas deaths from tumors exceeded the expected number (8 observed, 4.2 expected). Individuals were distinguished into two subcohorts depending on the exposure intensity, which was much higher in hard than in bright chromeplating. Most deaths from cancer occurred among hard chromium platers, the excess against the expected rate being statistically significant (7 observed, 2.7 expected, p = 0.02). All deaths from lung cancer occurred in this subcohort (3 observed, 0.7 expected, p = 0.03). The increased mortality from cancer among chromium platers seems to be related to exposure intensity and strongly suggests the need for further studies on larger cohorts to confirm the carcinogenicity of chromic acid in man. PMID- 6612266 TI - Increased uptake of serotonin in platelets from car painters occupationally exposed to mixtures of solvents and organic isocyanates. AB - Twelve car painters occupationally exposed to mixtures of solvents and organic isocyanates were investigated concerning serotonin uptake in platelets. The data from the exposed workers were compared to data from a reference group consisting of 50 nonexposed volunteers. The mean platelet count in whole blood of the exposed workers was markedly lower than the corresponding value of the reference group. Three workers had values below the lower limit of the 95% tolerance interval of the referents. In both groups the serotonin transport strictly obeyed Michaelis-Menten's simple saturation kinetics. Nine of the twelve exposed workers had uptake rates which were significantly higher (p = 0.05) than those of the referents. The obtained data suggest that the present method may be used to reveal early organ damage, prior to the appearance of clinical symptoms, due to intermittent exposure to organic solvents and isocyanates. PMID- 6612267 TI - No cytogenetic effects in lymphocytes of stainless steel welders. AB - In 24 manual metal arc stainless steel welders (means: exposure time 19 years, 100 electrodes/d, air chromium level 81 micrograms/m3, urinary chromium 47 mumol/mol creatinine) and 24 matched referents, lymphocytes in peripheral blood were analyzed for cytogenetic effects. No statistically significant differences were observed as to frequency of cells with breaks and fragments (1.5% for the welders, 1.9% for the referents); gaps and isogaps (1.8 vs 2.0%); interchanges, dicentrics, rings and markers (0.8 vs 0.5%); total number of cells with structural aberrations (4.1 vs 4.4%); hyperdiploidy (0.3 vs 0.2%); or total number of cells with aberrations (4.4 vs 4.6%). Neither were there any differences in the frequencies of micronuclei (7.8 vs 7.9 per mille) or sister chromatid exchanges (11 vs 12 per cell) in lymphocytes of peripheral blood. PMID- 6612268 TI - Exceptional pharmacokinetics of trivalent chromium during occupational exposure to chromium lignosulfonate dust. AB - The excretion of chromium in the urine of workers exposed to chromium lignosulfonate was studied. The chromium in the dust was in the trivalent (III) oxidation state, and 30% of the particles were less than 5 micron in diameter. Chromium (III) lignosulfonate dust was rapidly absorbed, and a peak of urinary excretion was seen immediately after exposure. No appreciable accumulation of chromium occurred over 3 d, as evaluated by comparison with preshift urinary chromium concentrations. The addition of ethylenediaminetetra-acetate to the urine of exposed persons greatly enhanced the capacity of chromium to traverse a dialysis membrane; the same effect was seen with chromium (III) chloride. It is concluded that chromium (III) lignosulfonate yields chromium (III), which acts pharmacokinetically like water-soluble hexavalent chromium compounds. PMID- 6612269 TI - Biological monitoring of occupational exposure to tetrachloroethene. PMID- 6612270 TI - Left-sided carpal tunnel syndrome in butchers. AB - Butchers from two slaughterhouses were studied for carpal tunnel syndrome. The diagnosis was based on subjective symptoms and electroneurography. In about half of the otherwise healthy butchers there were various degrees of the syndrome in the nondominant hand, or, if the syndrome was bilateral, the nondominant side was more affected. So far two of the subjects have been operated on. The operative findings and results were consistent with carpal tunnel syndrome. The underlying cause for this occupational disorder is probably mechanical stress on the left hand. Various tools are held in the right hand, while the carcass is lifted, torn, and handled with the left hand. The butchers considered the load on the left hand more strenuous than the one on the right. The prolonged heavy grasping with the fingers of the left hand probably leads to thickening of the synovial membrane of the finger flexors within the carpal tunnel. The carpal tunnel is a relatively rigid structure, and an increased diameter of the flexor tendons may cause the carpal tunnel syndrome. This small cluster sample of butchers is not adequate for epidemiologic conclusions. However, carpal tunnel syndrome seems to be an important occupational disorder among butchers. PMID- 6612271 TI - [Sensitive virologic evaluation in suspected meningitis: study of a radioimmunotest for the detection of IgM antibodies against ECHO 9 and ECHO 11 viruses]. AB - The majority of viral meningitis cases is known to be due to ECHO virus infections on one hand, and mumps on the other. While the latter can be diagnosed by IgM antibody detection from one serum sample in the acute stage, diagnosis of enterovirus infections is by virus isolation and typing. An IgM-antibody test for ECHO 9 and 11 viruses is presented to evaluate the possibility of rapid serological diagnosis of ECHO virus meningitis cases. 36 cases from five local outbreaks due to ECHO 6, 9, 11, and 30 viruses were characterized by virus isolation and serum neutralization tests. All sera (88 samples) were assayed by a MACRIA (M-antibody capturing radioimmunoassay) to ECHO 9 and 11 viruses. While sera from all ECHO 9 and 11 cases, when taken at appropriate times, had IgM antibodies to the infecting type, a varying degree of cross-reactivity could be observed. Specificity problems are discussed in comparison with isolated cases of enteroviral infections due to different types, including Coxsackie B viruses. PMID- 6612273 TI - [Evaluation of a method for ambulatory and automatic measurement of nyctohemeral arterial pressure]. AB - This study was designed to evaluate a method of automatic non-invasive ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Using a Del Mar Avionics Pressurometer II, we tested 12 normal subjects at rest and during exercise in our laboratory, and 12 patients with borderline hypertension during 24 hours of normal activity. At rest correlation coefficient of sequential measurements between pressurometer and a standard mercury sphygmomanometer were 0.96 for individual systolic measurements, 0.65 for individual diastolic measurements, and 0.99 for sequentially coupled diastolic or systolic measurements. The same correlation coefficients were found during a low level exercise test on cycloergometer (50 watts); at a higher level (75 watts), the correlation coefficient for systolic measurements is still high (0.93), whereas for diastolic measurements the correlation coefficient is low (0.45) in our experimental conditions. Fifty-eight non-invasive ambulatory recordings were obtained during normal daily activities. About 10% of the measurements were eliminated because of artefacts. We conclude that the nycthemeral fluctuations of the blood pressure can be reasonably estimated by the Del Mar Avionics Pressurometer II, but that such results can be obtained only if special attention is given to the positioning of the pressurometer on a motivated patient. PMID- 6612274 TI - [Use of ambulatory recording of arterial pressure]. AB - It is often difficult for the physician to decide the need for antihypertensive therapy on the basis of office blood pressure readings. This decision is important for the individual patient since lifelong treatment may be started in some instances though blood pressure is elevated only when taken at the physician's office. For this reason the Remler, a portable and patient-activated blood pressure recorder, appears to be very useful in evaluating ambulatory blood pressure profiles during normal daily activities. PMID- 6612272 TI - [Lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, lipoprotein lipase, hepatic triglyceride lipase and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase in patients with nephrotic syndrome]. AB - Chronic renal disease with secondary hyperlipidemia is highly atherogenic. In uremia and patients on chronic hemodialysis there is a high incidence of atherosclerotic complications whereas the incidence of atherosclerotic disease is relatively low in the nephrotic syndrome. This is surprising, as nephrosis produces type-II hyperlipidemia, which is usually highly atherogenic. In this study 10 patients (5 male, 5 female) with a newly diagnosed nephrotic syndrome were compared to 10 controls (5 male, 5 female). As laboratory parameters, lipids, lipoproteins (VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL2 and HDL3 by rate zonal centrifugation) and the percentage composition of the major apolipoproteins in VLDL, HDL2 and HDL3, as well as lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hepatic lipase (HTGL) and lecithin cholesterol-acyl-transferase (LCAT) were measured. In nephrotic patients significantly higher plasma levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, VLDL, IDL and LDL were found, whereas HDL-chol, HDL2 and HDL3 were unchanged. LPL and HTGL were both significantly impaired, whereas LCAT was distinctly increased. The percentage composition of apolipoproteins in HDL2 and HDL3 was normal. In nephrotic VLDL, apo-AI was distinctly increased at the expense of a decrease in apo-CII, and increased LCAT was explained by the relative rise of apo-AI in nephrotic VLDL. The increase in apo-AI in VLDL is discussed as a possible reason for the low atherogenic risk of secondary hyperlipidemia in nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 6612275 TI - [Usefulness of biologic tests in malignant hemopathies]. AB - In the haematological malignant diseases, especially Hodgkin's disease and other lymphomas, many of the disturbed biological tests reflect the inflammatory process and therefore lack any specificity. Of particular interest are blood sedimentation, the protein-C-reactive test, serum iron, transferrin, serum copper and ferritin. Other tests such as lactic dehydrogenase and beta 2-microglobulin appear to be in the nature of "markers". In 118 patients, serum levels of beta 2 microglobulin above 2.50 mg/l were observed in 83% of the lymphoproliferative disorders and also in 16% of patients without malignant diseases. However, the highest values (greater than 5.00 mg/l) were observed only in 12 patients with lymphoproliferative disorders and 1 patient with "acquired immunodeficiency syndrome". PMID- 6612277 TI - [Diverticular disease of the colon. Physiopathology and medical treatment]. AB - Almost unknown in 1900, diverticular disease has become the commonest disease of the colon and appears to be a deficiency disease caused by the removal of vegetable fibre from the diet. It occurs most commonly in the sigmoid colon and is frequently asymptomatic, but it may be symptomatic without evidence of inflammation. It may be complicated by inflammation or bleeding. A high residue diet forms the rational basis for successful therapy. PMID- 6612276 TI - [Treatment of chronic cardiac insufficiency in 1983]. AB - Identifying and correcting the cause is the ideal treatment of the clinical syndrome of chronic congestive heart failure. Whenever such an approach is impossible or does not suffice, the next step is to suppress precipitating factors and to prescribe rest, a low salt diet, digitalis and diuretics. If the patient remains symptomatic, vasodilators such as nitrates, hydralazin, prazosin or captopril may be very helpful. The physiopathological basis for a rational and practical approach to these various stages of therapy is reviewed. PMID- 6612278 TI - [Snake bites and coagulation disorders]. AB - Within a period of 6 years 8 patients with 12 bites by potentially hemotoxic snakes (crotalids, viperids) were hospitalised in various clinics of the Basle area. All the patients were snake owners. One patient was hospitalized 3 times, 2 patients twice and the others once. In two cases no signs of envenomation were noted after an observation period of 12 hours. Ten bites were followed by local cytotoxic symptoms e.g. oedema and suffusions. Among this group only 6 cases had further signs of systemic, hemotoxic envenomation with decrease of the activity of various coagulation factors. Complete defibrination was seen in 4 patients, but only in 2 cases with additional thrombopenia did overt clinical symptoms of bleeding complications (urological bleeding) occur. Bleeding complications of the central nervous system or of the gastrointestinal tract were not seen. Antivenin was used in three patients and coagulation mechanisms recovered within 24 hours. One patient with complete defibrination, thrombopenia and overt bleeding (macrohematuria) refused antivenin. His coagulation parameters started to improve after 7 days and became normal on day 11. PMID- 6612279 TI - [From asthma to bronchial hyperreactivity]. PMID- 6612280 TI - [Methods of detection and treatment of bronchial hyperreactivity]. AB - In hyperreactive patients, many non-specific stimuli such as exercise, inhalation of cold air, methacholine or carbachol are able to give rise to a temporary bronchoconstriction. Under well controlled conditions, such tests like the methacholine inhalation test, are simple, reproducible and without danger for the patient. They allow an assessment of the patients with dyspnoea or chronic cough of unknown origin, who are hyperreactive in spite of normal clinical examination results and spirometric measurements. In most cases, bronchodilator or antiasthmatic treatment allows an immediate reduction of the bronchial reactivity. This may be particularly useful in the treatment of chronic cough, where more than 90% of the patients with hyperreactive bronchi can be treated satisfactorily with the bronchodilators. The possibility of a long term reduction of bronchial hyperreactivity by drug treatment is still more controversial. PMID- 6612281 TI - [Secondary effects of non-steroid anti-inflammatory agents on kidney function]. AB - The administration of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) may induce marked side effects, especially on renal function. Some of these side effects are the consequence of inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. Patients who need an increase in PG synthesis to maintain renal function (congestive heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver, preexisting renal disease) appear to be particularly at risk. Regular checks on renal function are mandatory when prescribing NSAID to such patients. PMID- 6612282 TI - [Diet and chronic renal failure]. AB - In the last 10 years the diet severely restricted in proteins advocated by GIORDANO and GIOVANNETTI in the treatment of chronic renal failure has fallen out of use because in the long term it induced cachectic states in most patients. In recent months, however, experimental studies have pointed to the negative effect protein intake may have on renal function. Glomerular hyperfiltration induced by protein intake may lead to proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis, which in turn aggravates impaired renal function and glomerular hyperfiltration. Some clinical studies appear to confirm the beneficial effect on the progression of renal failure when diets containing 15-30 g protein per day are instituted. This new approach may be of considerable practical importance but at present most of these studies need confirmation and generalized uncontrolled administration of diets severely restricted in proteins is not yet justified. PMID- 6612283 TI - [Hematologic anomalies in alcoholic cirrhosis]. AB - Alcoholic cirrhosis is frequently accompanied by hematologic abnormalities. The most commonly observed factors responsible for combined or isolated cytopenias are alcohol, malnutrition, hypersplenism and liver dysfunction. In addition to cytopenia, functional abnormalities, particularly of the leukocytes and of the platelets, have been described. In patients with hemorrhage the severity of the hemostatic defect is influenced not only by the number and function of the platelets, but also by a decrease in several coagulation factors synthesized by the liver and by an increased level of circulating fibrinolytic activators. PMID- 6612284 TI - [Antibiotics and chemotherapy--from research to practice. VI. Remarks addressed to practitioners concerning aminoglucoside characteristics]. PMID- 6612285 TI - [Providing cattle with selenium in Switzerland: Studies in nursing and breeding cow farms]. PMID- 6612286 TI - [Bovine cutaneous angiomatosis in Switzerland]. PMID- 6612288 TI - [An interesting case. The "lost" calf]. PMID- 6612287 TI - [Histological studies of the pathology of recurrent corneal erosion in the German Boxer dog]. PMID- 6612289 TI - [Occurrence of eperythrozoonosis in calves]. PMID- 6612290 TI - [Identification of lacerations caused by beasts of prey]. PMID- 6612291 TI - [Tick-borne encephalitis in a goat in lower Pratigau]. PMID- 6612292 TI - [Development of neuroscience in China]. PMID- 6612293 TI - [The relationship of arachidonate with atherosclerosis and thrombosis]. PMID- 6612294 TI - [Pathophysiology of reperfusion of the ischemic myocardium]. PMID- 6612295 TI - [Evaluation of left ventricular compliance and its significance]. PMID- 6612296 TI - [Overdrive suppression]. PMID- 6612297 TI - [The structure, metabolism and function of carbohydrates and their relationship with drugs]. PMID- 6612298 TI - [Advances in research on glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase isoenzymes]. PMID- 6612299 TI - [Motilin]. PMID- 6612300 TI - [Vitamin C and neoplasms]. PMID- 6612301 TI - [Pharmacology of clonidine and its clinical application]. PMID- 6612302 TI - [Is thyroglobulin confined to the thyroid gland?]. PMID- 6612303 TI - [Problems in testing platelet aggregation]. PMID- 6612304 TI - [Administration of drugs via the vertebral artery by direct intubation in the cat]. PMID- 6612306 TI - [Autopsy of a phantom: pangamic acid, alias vitamin B15]. PMID- 6612305 TI - [Joint instability as an indicator of chronic damage of the locomotor system]. PMID- 6612307 TI - [Functional treatment of fresh fibular ligament lesions with the Aircast brace]. PMID- 6612308 TI - [Medical-practical experiences of a mountaineering expedition]. PMID- 6612309 TI - Medical employment and its relationship to NHS resources. PMID- 6612310 TI - Manpower: a junior's view. PMID- 6612311 TI - Therapeutic arthroscopy of the knee. AB - Sixty-six patients were reviewed after 70 therapeutic arthroscopy procedures. The procedures carried out included partial meniscectomy, removal of loose bodies, lateral release and synovial plica division. The commonest procedure performed was partial meniscectomy. The 32 patients undergoing arthroscopic meniscectomy were compared with a similar group of patients undergoing open meniscectomy as regards their duration of hospital stay, operation time and rehabilitation. PMID- 6612312 TI - Adult Still's disease. A new consideration in pyrexia of unknown origin. AB - Adult Still's disease is a recently recognised syndrome which is an important and often unrecognised cause of pyrexia of unknown origin. A knowledge of the clinical features of this disease may save patients with undiagnosed fever from prolonged and invasive investigations. The condition usually responds to conservative therapy with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and bed rest, although in a minority of patients more toxic drugs may be required. The prognosis is usually good although long-term follow-up studies of these patients are small in number, and the most recent review sounds a warning as to the incidence of chronicity. Sufficient evidence now exists to identify Still's disease as a separate nosological entity in adults. It should be added to the ever-expanding list of causes of pyrexia of unknown origin. PMID- 6612313 TI - A survey of treatment attitudes to postmenopausal osteoporosis. PMID- 6612314 TI - Has modern perinatal practice caused the fall in perinatal mortality? The experience of a district maternity hospital. AB - During the first 12 years of operation the perinatal mortality rate in Paisley Maternity Hospital fell steadily from 27 per 1,000 in 1970 to 10 per 1,000 in 1981. During this period the nulliparous birth rate remained constant, but the parous birth rate fell. Improved survival of premature babies, falling numbers of babies with neural tube defects and reduction in intrapartum asphyxia are identified as responsible for this fall. Unexplained intra-uterine death remains an unsolved problem. PMID- 6612315 TI - Cognitive functioning of solvent abusers. AB - Cognitive dysfunction and solvent abuse have been found to be closely related, but the precise nature of this relationship remains obscure. Twenty eight non active solvent abusing and 20 non-abusing adolescents were given tests of non verbal and verbal intelligence, arithmetic, literacy level and learning ability. In addition, they were asked three standard questions about their spare time activities and future orientation. The results clearly indicated that, while the two groups did not significantly differ in potential abilities, the abusers performed significantly poorly on all but one test of acquired abilities. The abusers were found to be less future orientated, were 'bored' with themselves. The aetiological implications of the study are discussed. PMID- 6612316 TI - Accommodation for the mentally handicapped. PMID- 6612317 TI - McMaster: is this experiment in medical education of any relevance to the Scottish Universities? PMID- 6612318 TI - Lymphangioma of kidney. AB - Lymphangioma of kidney is a rare, symptomatic but benign tumour. A case is reported and the literature reviewed. Aetiology and its effect on the incidence, non-invasive investigation, treatment and pathology are discussed. PMID- 6612319 TI - Endocardial fibroelastosis associated with fatal adriamycin (doxorubicin) cardiomyopathy during treatment of Ewing's sarcoma. AB - We report a case of fatal adriamycin cardiomyopathy in a 12-year-old boy treated for Ewing's sarcoma. At necropsy, in addition to the typical changes of advanced cardiotoxicity in the myocardium there was endocardial fibroelastosis, mainly affecting the left ventricle. PMID- 6612320 TI - Use and supply of human immunoglobulin preparations. PMID- 6612321 TI - Analysis and interpretation of data from carcinogenicity and toxicity studies in animals. AB - Many chemicals are being tested for carcinogenicity and toxicity in animals. Reports are submitted to government agencies in order to evaluate the safety of chemicals. Personnel generally are not trained to carry out such evaluations. There is no particular system that is being used in these evaluations. The purpose of this paper is to describe a system for the evaluation of carcinogenicity and toxicity studies developed over the past several years. PMID- 6612322 TI - Dietary surveys on a population at Shipham, Somerset, United Kingdom. AB - The results are reported of three dietary surveys and crop sampling surveys carried out at Shipham in 1979. Concentrations of cadmium, lead and zinc in crops were higher than would normally be expected. Copper concentrations in crops were normal, and the results for mercury showed that mercury translocation from soil to crops was very low. Although cadmium dietary intakes were found to be greater than those expected from a normal UK diet, dietary lead and zinc intakes were normal. Dietary copper intakes at Shipham were a little lower than national average intakes. Four participants in the duplicate diet study, or 6% of the study population, had cadmium intakes higher than 0.4 mg per week. PMID- 6612324 TI - Distribution of arsenic in human tissues and milk. AB - Using neutron activation followed by radiochemical separations, the arsenic contents of various human tissues and milk were determined. The reliability of analysis was established by analysing a number of standard reference materials. The concentrations in different human tissues range from 1.6 ng As/g (fresh weight) in kidneys to 2140 ng As/g in hair. The mean arsenic levels are compared with those reported from other countries. PMID- 6612323 TI - Quantitative analysis of zinc, copper, lead, molybdenum, bismuth, mercury and arsenic in brain and other tissues from multiple sclerosis and non-multiple sclerosis cases. PMID- 6612325 TI - The effects of pressurized aerosols on respiratory symptoms and physiology. AB - In a general population sample, use of pressurized aerosols appears to be associated with transient symptoms, but it does not appear to lead to chronic respiratory complaints or to functional abnormalities. This is true in both atopic and non-atopic subjects. Furthermore, changing patterns of aerosol use are not associated with changes in respiratory symptoms. Thus, household and cosmetic aerosols do not appear to be important risk factors for respiratory diseases. PMID- 6612327 TI - Study says U.S. drug firms falling behind. But academy study contrasts with earlier findings by OTA that the drug industry is healthy. PMID- 6612326 TI - A prospective atmospheric emission inventory for cadmium--the European community as a study area. AB - The quantities of cadmium emitted to the atmosphere from natural and human sources have been estimated for the member states of the European Community, allowing the construction of an atmospheric emission inventory for cadmium at the regional level. A survey of the available emission data was used to calculate an emission factor (g cadmium emitted tonne -1 material consumed or produced) for each source. This value was applied to the most recent consumption or production data for the region to obtain an annual discharge estimate. Predictions of future trends in cadmium emissions from human sources over the next two decades were based on economic forecasts for the process in question. The iron and steel industries and refuse incineration are the two largest sources of airborne cadmium in the region, followed by volcanic action and zinc production. It is forecast that there will be an increase in cadmium emissions over the next two decades due mainly to the iron and steel industries and zinc production. A comparison of the emission estimates obtained in this study with those given in previously published inventories reveal disparities in the source strengths for some processes. In particular, it would appear that cadmium emissions from coal combustion and non-ferrous metal production have been overestimated in some past studies. PMID- 6612328 TI - In vitro fertilization goes commercial. There could be as many as 200 clinics operating within a year; who should pay for the procedures, and how should they be monitored? PMID- 6612329 TI - Dioxins' health effects remain puzzling. In vitro tests suggests it causes cancer, medical results remain ambiguous. PMID- 6612330 TI - Retinal capillaries: basement membrane thickening by galactosemia prevented with aldose reductase inhibitor. AB - A twofold thickening of capillary basement membranes of rat retinas resulting from dietary galactose was prevented by sorbinil, an inhibitor of aldose reductase. Since the basement membrane thickening was ultrastructurally similar to that typical of diabetic retinopathy, it may indicate changes in vessel permeability and susceptibility to hemorrhage. Galactosemic rats should be useful models for studying basement membrane-related complications of diabetes and for examining the potential biochemical regulation of basement membrane synthesis by aldose reductase inhibitors. PMID- 6612331 TI - Increased brain size and cellular content in infant rats treated with an opiate antagonist. AB - From birth to day 21, rat offspring received daily injections of naltrexone at a dosage that blocked morphine-induced analgesia 24 hours a day. At 21 days, body, brain, and cerebellar weights of naltrexone-injected animals were 18, 11, and 5 percent greater than corresponding control weights. In addition, morphometric analysis of the cerebrum revealed a somatosensory cortex that was 18 percent thicker than that of the controls. The cerebellum of naltrexone-treated rats was 41 percent larger in total area and contained at least 70 percent more glial cells and 30 percent more granule neurons. Neurons derived prenatally were unaffected by drug treatment. These results show that naltrexone can stimulate body and brain growth in rats and suggest a role for the endorphin and opiate receptor system in development. PMID- 6612332 TI - Altered activity patterns during development reduce neural tuning. AB - Neonatal mice were reared in an acoustic environment that repetitively entrained activity in a large proportion of primary auditory afferents during the period when the frequency tuning of auditory neurons normally develops. The tuning curves obtained from these mice were significantly broader than those of normally reared mice of the same age. This suggests that the normal frequency tuning of neurons was prevented or delayed by synchronizing the pattern of activity imposed on the auditory pathway. PMID- 6612334 TI - Corollary discharge provides accurate eye position information to the oculomotor system. AB - The saccadic system accurately compensates for perturbations of eye position produced by microstimulation of the superior colliculus. This requires that information about the stimulation-induced change in eye position be provided by an extraretinal source--either proprioceptive endings in extraocular muscles or a centrally generated corollary discharge. It is shown that compensation remains intact after elimination of extraocular muscle proprioception, demonstrating that corollary discharge provides accurate eye position information. PMID- 6612333 TI - Functional alpha 1-protease inhibitor in the lower respiratory tract of cigarette smokers is not decreased. AB - Cigarette smoking is the major risk factor for the development of pulmonary emphysema, a disorder that may result from an imbalance between the elastase and antielastase levels in the lungs. Decreased functional alpha 1-protease inhibitor, an inhibitor of neutrophil elastase, might render smokers susceptible to elastase-catalyzed destruction of pulmonary elastic fibers and the development of emphysema. Binding and inactivation of isotopically labeled porcine pancreatic elastase and human neutrophil elastase by alpha 1-protease inhibitor were measured in fluid obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage of volunteers. The inhibition of elastase-catalyzed solubilization of elastin and a tripeptide substrate were also determined. The mean level of functional alpha 1-protease inhibitor in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of smokers was found to be equal to or greater than that of nonsmokers, contradicting reports by other investigators. Increased elastase derived from pulmonary neutrophils, rather than decreased functional alpha 1-protease inhibitor, appears to be the main factor in the genesis of emphysema in smokers. PMID- 6612335 TI - Membrane changes in a single photoreceptor cause associative learning in Hermissenda. AB - Single type B photoreceptors in intact, restrained Hermissenda were impaled with a microelectrode and exposed to either paired or unpaired presentations of light and depolarizing current to simulate natural stimulus effects during conditioning with light and rotation. Paired, but not unpaired, stimulus presentations produced cumulative depolarization and increased input resistance in type B cells. These membrane changes are similar to those observed after pairings of light and rotation are administered to either intact animals or isolated nervous systems or when light is paired with electrical stimulation of the vestibular system in isolated nervous systems. One and two days after treatment, pairing- and light-specific suppression of phototactic behavior was observed in recovered animals. These findings indicate that the membrane changes of type B cells produced by pairing light with current injections cause acquisition of the learned behavior. PMID- 6612336 TI - Selective recording and stimulation of individual identified neurons in freely behaving Aplysia. AB - A neuroethological technique is described for selective recording and stimulation of an individual neuron in freely behaving Aplysia by means of a fine wire glued into the connective tissue sheath above the identified cell body. A whole-nerve cuff electrode simultaneously monitored functionally related multiunit axon activity. For biophysical analysis the soma was impaled with a microelectrode when the ganglion was subsequently exposed. The technique is illustrated for several identified neurons involved in different behaviors. PMID- 6612337 TI - Auditory intensity discrimination at high frequencies in the presence of noise. AB - Over a wide range of intensities, subjects were able to detect small differences in the intensity of a high-frequency band of noise that was presented with a relatively intense, complementary band-reject noise. This indicates that neither of two possible mechanisms for peripheral intensity coding, those based on timing and on spread of excitation, is necessary for the large dynamic range of human hearing. It is shown that the information available in the firing rate of a small number of nerve fibers can account for these data. PMID- 6612338 TI - Autonomic nervous system activity distinguishes among emotions. AB - Emotion-specific activity in the autonomic nervous system was generated by constructing facial prototypes of emotion muscle by muscle and by reliving past emotional experiences. The autonomic activity produced distinguished not only between positive and negative emotions, but also among negative emotions. This finding challenges emotion theories that have proposed autonomic activity to be undifferentiated or that have failed to address the implications of autonomic differentiation in emotion. PMID- 6612339 TI - HHS preparing to issue new Baby Doe rules. PMID- 6612340 TI - Brain-grafting work shows promise. PMID- 6612341 TI - Likely T cell receptor gene cloned. PMID- 6612342 TI - Oxygen tension regulates the expression of angiogenesis factor by macrophages. AB - When cultured in a hypoxic environment similar to that found in the center of a wound, macrophages secreted active angiogenesis factor into the medium. Under conditions similar to those of well-oxygenated tissue, macrophages did not secrete active angiogenesis factor. Macrophages that secreted the factor at hypoxic conditions stopped secreting it when returned to room air. Thus the control of angiogenesis in wound healing may be the result of macrophages responding to tissue oxygen tension without the necessity of interacting with other cell types or biochemical signals. PMID- 6612343 TI - Turnover, membrane insertion, and degradation of sodium channels in rabbit urinary bladder. AB - Noise analysis of rabbit bladder revealed two components: Lorentzian noise, arising from interaction of amiloride with the Na+ channel, and flicker noise (l/f, where f is frequency), as in other biological membranes. Hydrostatic pressure, which causes exchange between intracellular vesicular membrane and apical membrane, increases the number but not the single-channel current of the amiloride-sensitive channels. Flicker noise arises from degraded channels that have lost amiloride sensitivity and Na+ to K+ selectivity. The degraded channels were selectively removed by washing the mucosal surface. These results imply channel turnover by intracellular synthesis, transfer from vesicular to apical membrane, degradation, and elimination. PMID- 6612344 TI - Axonal proteins of presynaptic neurons during synaptogenesis. AB - Changes occur in the synthesis and axonal transport of neuronal proteins in dorsal-root ganglia axons as a result of contact with cells from the spinal cord during synapse formation. Dorsal-root ganglia cells were cultured in a compartmental cel culture system that allows separate access to neuronal cell bodies and their axons. When cells from the ventral spinal cord were cultured with the dorsal-root ganglia axons, synapses were established within a few days. Metabolic labeling and two-dimensional electrophoresis revealed that four of more than 300 axonal proteins had changed in their expression by the time synapses were established. The highly selective nature of these changes suggests that the proteins involved may be important in the processes of axon growth and synapse formation and their regulation by the regional environment. PMID- 6612345 TI - Acetylcholine mediates a slow synaptic potential in hippocampal pyramidal cells. AB - The hippocampal slice preparation was used to study the role of acetylcholine as a synaptic transmitter. Bath-applied acetylcholine had three actions on pyramidal cells: (i) depolarization associated with increased input resistance, (ii) blockade of calcium-activated potassium responses, and (iii) blockade of accommodation of cell discharge. All these actions were reversed by the muscarinic antagonist atropine. Stimulation of sites in the slice known to contain cholinergic fibers mimicked all the actions. Furthermore, these evoked synaptic responses were enhanced by the cholinesterase inhibitor eserine and were blocked by atropine. These findings provide electrophysiological support for the role of acetylcholine as a synaptic transmitter in the brain and demonstrate that nonclassical synaptic responses involving the blockade of membrane conductances exist in the brain. PMID- 6612346 TI - Stress-induced suppression of immunity in adrenalectomized rats. AB - Stress-induced suppression of lymphocyte stimulation by phytohemagglutinin was demonstrated in Isolated lymphocytes and in cultures of whole blood from adrenalectomized rats. The results demonstrate that corticosteroid independent mechanisms participate in the suppression of lymphocyte function by stressors. Stress-induced lymphopenia, however, was found to be adrenal dependent, indicating that the modulation of immunity by stress is complex and multidetermined. PMID- 6612347 TI - Modulation of the metastatic capability in B16 melanoma by cell shape. AB - The lung colonization of B16-F1 cells grown in flat and spherical configurations was studied. Cells cultivated in vitro as spheroids on a nonadhesive substrate expressed in a reversible fashion a marked increase in their propensity to establish metastases. The altered metastatic capability was accompanied by a reversible reduction in the accessibility of cell surface proteins to external iodination and by a dramatic decrease in the synthesis of vimentin. PMID- 6612348 TI - Oak Ridge mercury. PMID- 6612349 TI - Cat scratch disease: a bacterial infection. AB - Histopathologic examination of lymph nodes from 39 patients with clinical and pathological criteria for cat scratch disease revealed delicate pleomorphic Gram negative bacilli in 34 of the 39 nodes. They were within the walls of capillaries in or near areas of follicular hyperplasia and within microabscesses. They were best seen with the Warthin-Starry silver impregnation stain. Organisms in lymph node sections exposed to convalescent serum from three patients and to immunoperoxidase stained equally well with all three samples. The organisms did not react with hyperimmune sera to Legionella pneumophila nor to several species of Rickettsia. These bacilli appear to be the causative agents of cat scratch disease. PMID- 6612350 TI - Pregnancy interception with a combination of prostaglandins: studies in monkeys. AB - Treatment with combinations of synthetic prostaglandins, one with an ovarian site of action and one with a uterine site of action, terminated pregnancy in all rhesus monkeys given the injection on day 28 of fertile menstrual cycles. Single prostaglandins, even at higher doses, interrupted pregnancy in only one-third of the monkeys. The most effective treatment, 5-oxa-17-phenyl-18,19,20-trinor prostaglandin F1 alpha methyl ester plus 9-deoxo-16,16-dimethyl-9-methylene prostaglandin E2, promptly intercepted early pregnancy after a single administration and without side effects. PMID- 6612351 TI - Anisotropies in the perception of three-dimensional surfaces. AB - The appearance of certain three-dimensional surfaces was found to depend on the orientation of the depth contours forming the surface. This was true both when the depth was specified by motion parallax and when it was specified by binocular disparities. Slowly changing depth surfaces that generated a pattern of relative motions or disparities characterized by a one-dimensional expansion-compression were perceived differently from those that produced a shear transformation. PMID- 6612352 TI - Use of a centrifugal analyzer in coagulation testing. PMID- 6612353 TI - Case of the summer season: spontaneous fistula between the esophagus and the left atrium. PMID- 6612354 TI - IGA nephropathy--a clinicopathological review of 12 cases seen at the Department of Nephrology, General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur. PMID- 6612355 TI - A filed Kocher clamp for circumcision in children. PMID- 6612356 TI - Industrial lead poisoning. A case report. PMID- 6612357 TI - Wellness--attainable goal or impossible dream. PMID- 6612358 TI - Home blood glucose monitoring without a meter (Haemo-Glukotest 20-800 test strip): the Singapore experience. PMID- 6612359 TI - Expectation of life in Singapore 1956-1971. PMID- 6612360 TI - Propulsive load administration and bacampicillin. PMID- 6612361 TI - A preliminary survey of mental health in a new town in Singapore. PMID- 6612362 TI - A clinical study of severe hyponatraemia. PMID- 6612363 TI - Computed tomography of the iliopsoas muscle. AB - Computed tomography (CT) is an ideal method for the imaging of the psoas muscle. The authors present 13 cases of patients with psoas abnormalities diagnosed by CT. The CT features of the different pathologic entities and comparison of CT with other imaging modalities are discussed. PMID- 6612364 TI - Case report 236: neuropathic arthropathy of the sternoclavicular joint, secondary to syringomyelia. PMID- 6612365 TI - Case report 237: gout associated with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH). PMID- 6612367 TI - Case report 239: chondrosarcoma of the left humerus with metastases (suggestive of the differentiated chondrosarcoma) to supraclavicular lymph nodes and jejunum at multiple sites. PMID- 6612366 TI - Case report 238: para-articular osteochondroma of the knee. PMID- 6612368 TI - Case report 240: fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP); radiological and gross pathological abnormalities in a macerated cadaver. PMID- 6612369 TI - Radiology of medullary chondrosarcoma: preoperative treatment planning. AB - We evaluated the radiologic studies of 30 medullary chondrosarcomas with respect to their accuracy in diagnosis and surgical staging. There were 30 sets of plain radiographs, 14 conventional tomograms, 26 radionuclide bone scans, 19 arteriograms, and 15 computed tomograms (CT). Plain radiographs provided most of the diagnostic information although many tumours looked benign. CT provided the most complete anatomic staging, including intra- and extraosseous tumor, and neurovascular involvement. However, it was difficult to be sure about subtle soft tissue invasion. Arteriography remained useful for evaluating major vessel involvement or cortical penetration when CT and conventional tomography were equivocal. Scintigrams disclosed increased uptake, usually corresponding to the true tumor extent; "extended uptake" beyond the tumor was uncommon. Conventional tomography has been largely replaced by CT, but was occasionally useful when the tumor was near the end of a bone. PMID- 6612370 TI - The pattern of spinal and extraspinal hyperostosis in patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and the ligamentum flavum causing myelopathy. AB - Thirty one patients suffering from myelopathy associated with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and ligamentum flavum of the spine have been investigated. The pattern of spinal and peripheral hyperostosis was recorded in each case. Flowing anterior vertebral hyperostosis and ligamentous ossification at the enthesis around the pelvis and hips were the most frequent associations, occurring in approximately 86% of patients. The distribution and incidence of the spinal and extraspinal hyperostosis in this series corresponds closely to the findings in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH). The present findings indicate that patients suffering from cervical myelopathy and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament should be regarded as manifesting focal features of a more generalised disorder producing skeletal hyperostosis. PMID- 6612372 TI - Central acetabular fracture dislocations: an unusual complication of seizures. AB - Central acetabular fracture-dislocations resulting from convulsions are rare. The literature is reviewed in this regard and we add two additional cases in which hyponatremia was the cause of seizure activity. In most cases this type of injury is seen in bone already weakened by underlying disease. PMID- 6612371 TI - Observer variation in skeletal radiology. AB - The factors that affect observer variation in bone radiology are analysed from data in the literature and on the basis of studies carried out at McMaster University on the hands and sacroiliac joints. A plea is made for presenting results in terms of Kappa statistics so that agreement due purely to chance is eliminated. In the conclusions the main variables that affect concordance are listed so that strategies can be developed to reduce observer variation. This is important in serial studies to ensure that the observer variations are smaller than the effect one wishes to measure. PMID- 6612373 TI - Patterns of psychotropic drug use. AB - This paper brings together data, obtained from a variety of sources, on the extent of prescription and use of psychotropic drugs in the late 1960s and early 1970s. National prescribing data show that there was a marked increase in the number of prescriptions, and general practice based surveys reveal an increase in the proportion of the population receiving a prescription for a psychotropic drug. Community based surveys, however, show that there was no increase in the proportion of the population who admitted to consuming a psychotropic drug. Analysis of previously published data reveal that this discrepancy is accounted for by two factors: (a) a decrease in compliance and (b) an increase in the average duration of treatment with psychotropic drugs. The implication of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6612375 TI - Sudden infant deaths and seasonality in Tasmania, 1970-1976. AB - Analyses of monthly minimum temperatures and daily minimum temperatures show that significantly more Sudden Infant Deaths and 'pneumonitis' deaths occur in colder conditions in southern Tasmania. Low minimum monthly and low minimum daily temperatures 'explain' part of the observed winter seasonal peak of deaths. However, a sharp change of temperature over 24 hours, either upwards or downwards, is associated with fewer deaths than occurred when little or no change of temperature had been experienced. Utilising the additional data of the Tasmania-wide series it is shown that the winter seasonal effect is especially evident in infants over 3 months of age compared with those aged only 0-3 months, in whom seasonal variation did not occur. PMID- 6612374 TI - Gender aspects of illness and practitioner use among Filipinos. AB - Higher rates of reported illness among women than men and more frequent use of medical services by women in Western societies have been of considerable interest to medical sociology. In contrast, relatively little attention has been paid in medical anthropology to gender differences in illness rates and utilization of medical services in non-Western areas. In a study of four urban Filipino healers and their patients, it was found that women outnumbered men in the clienteles of all the healers. However, the gender imbalance was significantly greater in one healer's practice than in the practices of the other three. This quintessential case of a practice predominated by women is the focus of this paper. The paper examines various aspects of women's roles, including those that are given metaphorical expression in folk etiology. The special importance that these role factors assume in the practice of the healer appears to be implicated in the extraordinarily high ratio of women among her patients. PMID- 6612376 TI - Recruitment of institutional psychiatrists for the 50 states. AB - We studied institutional recruitment of non-federal psychiatrists in 1979 as measured by national advertisements. Vacant positions in state mental hospitals and CMHCs are over-represented in the adverts compared to the current institutional distribution of physicians practicing psychiatry. States' per capita recruitment rates vary widely, but do not decrease linearly or exponentially with increasing abundance of psychiatrists. The percentage increase sought in institutional psychiatrists ('recruitment intensity'), however, does decrease exponentially as institutional psychiatrists/100,000 population increase. Recruitment rates and recruitment intensity are not highly correlated with states' sociodemographic characteristics or with characteristics of their health care systems. Private sector recruitment, however, is significantly higher in states that have mandated psychiatric benefit packages in private insurance. Studies relating institutional recruitment or vacancy rates to measures of local demand for psychiatric services are needed, as well as comparisons of successful versus unsuccessful institutions. Institutional vacancies are undoubtedly affecting the quality of care, compliance with standards for reimbursement and ability to generate third-party revenues. Greater understanding of institutional recruitment is needed. PMID- 6612377 TI - The place of the ideal observer in medical ethics. AB - The idea of an ideal observer is frequently employed in ethical reasoning and has recently been introduced into medical ethics. The contemporary use of this idea, however, is deeply flawed. It ignores important social and personal dimensions of ethics. By espousing a perspective of observation removed from history and community, the ideal observer notion encourages a pretense of objectivity and overlooks the distortions of distance. If taken seriously as a model for choice, the ideal observer is incoherent, as it dispenses with the concrete moral agent and the locus of choice. Adam Smith's 'impartial spectator' is examined as a more adequate statement of the need for appreciating diverse perspectives in ethical choices. PMID- 6612378 TI - The allocation of money and the structuring of inequality within marriage. PMID- 6612379 TI - Urbanization in the framework of the spatial structuring of social institutions: a discussion of concepts with reference to British material. PMID- 6612380 TI - The state in British and French urban research, or the crisis of the urban question. PMID- 6612381 TI - Man and mayhem. PMID- 6612382 TI - Pregnancy and breast cancer. AB - To examine the relationship of pregnancy to survival in patients with breast cancer, we reviewed the records of 120 women under 36 years of age over a ten year period and found 15 who were pregnant or lactating when breast cancer was diagnosed or who became pregnant after treatment. All 15 had mastectomy for therapy. Four of the ten patients who were pregnant or lactating had positive lymph nodes, as did three of the five who became pregnant later. Mean survival is 40 months in the six living patients who were pregnant or lactating, and 35 months in the four living patients who became pregnant later. Four of the seven patients with positive nodes (57%) are alive at a mean of 55 months after diagnosis. There was no significant relationship between chemotherapy, irradiation, immunotherapy, or ovarian ablation and subsequent survival. Pregnancy did not appear to influence the outcome. Survival in patients with positive nodes slightly exceeded expectation. PMID- 6612383 TI - Breast necrosis complicating anticoagulation therapy. AB - Two patients had breast necrosis after sodium warfarin (Coumadin) therapy. This well recognized, but rare, complication of anticoagulation therapy also occurs in other areas of the body. The cause is not known. We present these cases and discuss the literature. PMID- 6612384 TI - Psychiatric disturbance in Hodgkin's disease. AB - We describe the onset of psychotic depression in a young man receiving intensive therapy for Hodgkin's disease. We have found other examples of psychiatric disturbance in the course of reviewing the charts of 40 men with Hodgkin's disease and 20 with testicular cancer. We propose that patients with oncologic disease and their families receive counseling before initiation of treatment and be advised about the availability of psychiatric help should it become necessary. PMID- 6612385 TI - Religious life of schizophrenics. AB - We inquired into the religious beliefs and practices of groups of schizophrenic and normal subjects. In addition, we evaluated their parents' methods of rearing the subjects. We found that, in the schizophrenic's home, the religious emphasis was limited and based on obligation and threat, and that the father had less of a religious commitment than the mother. Concerning personal development, the schizophrenic's mother was seen as more domineering than the emotionally and geographically absent father. The schizophrenic saw his religious and developmental upbringing as lacking in nurture and paternal participation. The schizophrenic himself seldom indulged in personal religious practices. PMID- 6612386 TI - Combination of internal radiation therapy and hyperthermia to treat liver cancer. AB - Sixteen patients were treated for liver cancer (primary and metastatic) by a combination of internal radiation therapy with intra-arterial yttrium 90 microspheres and regional hyperthermia with electromagnetic radiation. Four patients have their liver disease apparently controlled; two had a partial regression of more than 50%; and two had a partial regression of less than 50%. The complications consisted of one case of radiation hepatitis and one of peptic ulcer. PMID- 6612387 TI - Complications of parotidectomy. AB - Parotidectomy, whether subtotal or total, is a surgical procedure associated with certain possible complications--namely, facial nerve injury, hemorrhage, infection, salivary fistula, seroma, keloid formation, greater auricular nerve anesthesia, gustatory sweating, and recurrent tumor. We review these complications to help the surgeon with preoperative patient counseling, as well as postoperative reassurance, and discuss those that are amenable to further treatment, either medical or surgical or both. PMID- 6612388 TI - Risk factors for cholecystectomy: analysis of 935 patients. AB - We evaluated 935 patients for risk factors of cholecystectomy. Factors assessed included reason for cholecystectomy, preoperative laboratory values, sex, age, weight, presence of associated disease, and pathologic findings. Evaluation revealed an overall significant complication rate of 10.50% and a mortality of 1.07%. Risk factors were age over 60 years, hypertension, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease with prior heart failure, and acute cholecystitis. Incidental cholecystectomy was associated with an increased risk due to concomitant associated disease. Patients with obesity and uncomplicated diabetes had the same risk as the general population. PMID- 6612389 TI - Comparison of intravenous and topical lidocaine in attenuating the cardiovascular responses to endotracheal intubation. AB - We administered lidocaine intravenously or topically to the larynx to compare the cardiovascular response to intubation between the two techniques and to determine if these responses were related to blood levels of lidocaine. Sixteen patients were randomly selected into group A (100 mg intravenous lidocaine) or group B (160 mg topical lidocaine). Neither method was completely effective in abolishing hypertension and tachycardia on intubation. The increase in pulse rate (PR) was more significant than the rise in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and was of longer duration. Significant increases in MAP were evident for less than two minutes in group A and less than three minutes in group B. Significant increases in PR were observed for approximately four minutes in group A and six minutes in group B. The average lidocaine blood level in group A was approximately 20 times that in group B at the time of intubation. The more prolonged and more significant increase in PR observed in group B indicates that intravenous administration of lidocaine may be superior to topical administration. PMID- 6612390 TI - Self-help and self-care in chronic illness. AB - Some cultural and epidemiologic factors leading to a new emphasis on self-care in chronic illness are reviewed and current applications of self-care in medicine are illustrated with examples. Emotional and behavioral aspects of self-care programs are detailed with special attention to compliance, family involvement, and new roles for health professionals. Theoretic implications of the self-help orientation are related to the learned helplessness theory of depression. PMID- 6612391 TI - Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a prospective study. AB - During a 22-month period, 47 patients with 49 consecutive episodes of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia were identified and observed prospectively for the development of endocarditis and metastatic infection. Eighteen (37%) of the episodes were community-acquired and 31 (63%) were nosocomial. The mean patient age was 55 years, and all but nine patients had one or more underlying diseases. A primary focus was identified for 38 episodes (78%) most often an intravenous catheter, and 21 episodes (43%) were associated with a removable focus of infection. In this group, no patient had endocarditis after a mean duration of 20 days of therapy. Overall, two of 47 patients had endocarditis by clinical criteria; one was a drug abuser and one had no known heart disease. Forty-five of 49 episodes were treated with a single antimicrobial agent. There were 12 (24%) deaths in this series, seven (14.2%) directly due to staphylococcal infection. In this prospective study we found a low but definite risk of endocarditis associated with S aureus bacteremia. The mortality was similar to that in other recently published studies. All deaths occurred within two weeks of initiating therapy, indicating the potential importance of host factors in the outcome. PMID- 6612392 TI - Radionuclide esophageal transit: an evaluation of therapy in achalasia. AB - We measured quantitative esophageal transit, expressed as percentage of esophageal retention, before and after pneumatic dilatation in two patients with achalasia. In the sitting position they ingested a 500 ml liquid meal containing 500 muCi technetium Tc 99m sulfur colloid. Radioactivity counts of the entire esophagus were plotted at five-minute intervals for 30 minutes. In five normal control subjects the esophagus essentially cleared in less than one minute. Both patients with achalasia had definite retention 30 minutes before dilatation and had quantitative improvement after dilatation. Radionuclide scintigraphic esophageal transit probably correlates better than other parameters with the physiologic degree of obstruction in achalasia. PMID- 6612393 TI - Inflatable penile prosthesis: experience with 100 patients. AB - The experience with 100 consecutive patients in whom an inflatable penile prosthesis was implanted for the treatment of chronic erectile impotence over a two-year period is reported. Each patient was thoroughly evaluated by history, physical examination psychologic investigation, and appropriate laboratory testing. Of these patients, the most common indication for prosthesis implantation was diabetes mellitus of adult onset, followed by vascular disease and radical pelvic surgery. Restoration of erectile function was accomplished in 99 patients. Mechanical complications and malfunction occurred in 12 patients; all such complications were surgically corrected in subsequent operative procedures. One diabetic patient experienced infection of the prosthesis, requiring its removal. The implantation of an inflatable penile prosthesis in properly selected patients, with careful surgical technique by a skilled and experienced surgeon, can produce excellent functional results and return of normal sexual activity. PMID- 6612394 TI - Mucous cysts of the digits. AB - Our experience over a six-year period with 13 mucous cysts occurring in patients with osteoarthritis and inflammatory arthritis suggests that skin grafting is not routinely necessary, but that thorough excision of the cyst, its stalk, and a bit of capsule is mandatory. Debridement of osteophytes and their role in the etiology of this entity remain questionable. Nail deformities improve postoperatively. An outpatient setting with a local anesthetic and tourniquet is safe and adequate, and recurrences are rare. PMID- 6612395 TI - Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery: retrospective and prospective view. AB - By way of summation, I would point out that otolaryngology--head and neck surgery has been the focal point of interesting, stimulating, and exciting changes in the past decade. From a position in the late 1940s and early 1950s of being considered prematurely moribund, the specialty has had a dramatic revival and has risen like the phoenix from the ashes to take its rightful position as one of the dynamic specialties of our era. It can be proud of its demanding training programs, its enlightened and modern certifying process, its lead in continuing education, its venerable societies, and its Academy, now fully representative of all our colleagues. The residencies that once had to search for young men to fill vacancies now have a choice of the finest minds coming out of our medical schools, and the future of the specialty looks bright indeed. We are privileged to be part of this group of enthusiastic, capable, and well trained young men who will, I am sure, carry the specialty on to heights of which we can only now catch a faint glimpse. To have spent one's life in this work is a gratifying experience. To be permitted to view even dimly the heights to which it can ascend assures one that "the best race hasn't been run." How great to be a part of this cohort and to hope "our reach will always exceed our grasp." If we always remember the words on Trudeau's statue, "To cure sometimes, to relieve often, to comfort always," we will always merit the esteem of our colleagues and patients. PMID- 6612396 TI - On pulsus paradoxus. AB - An abnormal amount of pulsus paradoxus may be produced in normal volunteers, for teaching purposes, by having them inspire and expire against resistance. PMID- 6612397 TI - Dizzy medical writing. PMID- 6612398 TI - Tularemia pneumonia mimicking legionnaires' disease: isolation of organism on CYE agar and successful treatment with erythromycin. AB - A 46-year-old man showed a clinical response when treated with parenteral erythromycin for what was initially thought to be legionnaires' disease, but an organism isolated from his pleural fluid on CYE agar was subsequently identified as Francisella tularensis. Tularemia should be suspected in all cases of atypical pneumonia in the appropriate setting. Erythromycin may be effective empiric therapy in such cases. Because of the possibility of inadvertent isolation of Francisella tularensis on CYE agar, all cultures for suspected Legionella should be handled with extreme caution, preferably in a biological hood. PMID- 6612399 TI - Neonatal appendicitis. AB - We report a case of neonatal appendicitis with right flank edema and abdominal wall cellulitis. These findings suggest retrocecal appendicitis, especially in conjunction with hematuria, proteinuria, and thickening of the right abdominal wall. When these signs are present, immediate surgical exploration must be considered. With attention to clinical information, physical signs, ancillary tests, and abdominal x-ray films, it may be possible to lower the unacceptably high mortality of 80%. PMID- 6612400 TI - Tuberculous sacroiliitis. AB - We have described an unusual case of tuberculous sacroiliitis associated with adrenal insufficiency, with details of radiologic studies and review of the literature concerning tuberculous sacroiliitis. PMID- 6612401 TI - Percutaneous nephrostomy in the treatment of renal calculi. AB - We have described two cases of nonoperative removal of obstructing ureteral calculi via a percutaneously placed nephrostomy. Nephrectomy or excessive operative morbidity and mortality may thus be avoided in patients at high risk. Although the number of patients who have been treated in this manner is small, the results are encouraging. PMID- 6612402 TI - Association of acromegaly and chondrosarcoma. PMID- 6612403 TI - Familial multicentric angiofollicular lymphoid hyperplasia. AB - Multicentric angiofollicular lymphoid hyperplasia occurred in a brother and a sister. This is the first report of familial incidence of this disease, which raises the possibility of a hereditary or environmental factor in its pathogenesis. PMID- 6612404 TI - Sulindac-induced meningitis in mixed connective tissue disease. PMID- 6612405 TI - Cataplexy brought on by playing checkers. AB - A 55-year-old man had experienced spells of weakness and trembling daily for 24 years before the correct diagnosis of cataplexy was reached. While the patient played checkers, the degree of cataplexy worsened when it was the patient's move and improved when it was his opponent's. Response to therapy was excellent. PMID- 6612406 TI - Leukemoid blood reaction to tetracycline. AB - A pronounced leukemoid reaction consisting of WBC as high as 82,300/microliters was observed coexistent with a clinical picture of hepatitis in a young man taking oral minocycline. No etiologic source for the hepatitis was found. After complete recovery, an erroneous ingestion of a single dose of tetracycline reproduced his initial symptoms and a leukemoid reaction. PMID- 6612407 TI - Bretylium tosylate therapy for ventricular fibrillation after cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - In the case reported, bretylium was used to restore normal sinus rhythm in a patient who had had cardioplegic arrest. All other measures had failed. This therapy also has been successful in six other cases at our institution. PMID- 6612408 TI - Warthin's tumor of the neck. AB - Warthin's tumor is usually found in the parotid gland, but may be found in other sites as heterotopic tissue. The most likely explanation for this occurrence is a relationship to the branchial cleft apparatus. Complete surgical excision of Warthin's tumor effects a cure in most cases. PMID- 6612409 TI - Brain stem infarction due to chiropractic manipulation of the cervical spine. AB - A case of brain stem infarction after chiropractic manipulation of the cervical spine is presented. Proposed mechanisms and sites of possible arterial injury are discussed. A diagnosis of vertebral artery occlusion was made using conventional brachial angiography. Digital intravenous angiography, a relatively new and less invasive vascular imaging technique which was used as an adjunct for evaluating the remainder of the cervicocephalic vessels, documented the vertebral occlusion. Chiropractic manipulation, which is increasing in popularity, may be a cause of potentially devastating neurologic disease. PMID- 6612410 TI - Staphylococcus epidermidis endocarditis: a community-acquired methicillin resistant isolate. AB - We have described a patient with community-acquired, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis endocarditis that occurred on a prolapsing mitral valve. The patient was successfully treated with vancomycin and rifampin for six weeks and had no signs of relapse four months later. PMID- 6612411 TI - Doxepin and tinnitus. AB - A 66-year-old woman had tinnitus while receiving a conventional dose of doxepin. The tinnitus disappeared when the doxepin was discontinued, and returned when the patient was rechallenged with the drug. PMID- 6612412 TI - Home birth. PMID- 6612413 TI - A small scale field trial with Bacillus thuringiensis against culicine mosquitoes, Kelang, Malaysia. AB - Bacillus thuringiensis israeliensis (BTI) against culicine mosquitoes was tried out in cement sullage drains in Kelang municipal area at a dosage of 0.15 ppm. and 0.6 ppm. The results of the trial showed that at 0.15 ppm. the BTI was not effective, but at 0.6 ppm. it was effective giving about 95% kill. There was no residual effect and treatment had to be repeated weekly. PMID- 6612414 TI - Scanning electron microscopic study of Brugia malayi (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae). AB - Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) observations were made on the adult worms of Brugia malayi from rodent hosts. Descriptions of the surface features of mouth, vulva, anus, caudal papillae and spicules are given. PMID- 6612415 TI - The role of village malaria workers as village surveillance agents in Bekasi Regency, Indonesia. AB - In Bekasi Regency, village malaria workers were used to be village surveillance agents (VSAs) who have additional duties in several other diseases surveillance, and births and deaths registration. As consequence, VSAs have different working method from malaria workers. Epidemiological approach especially intervention study was used in effort to examine the different effectiveness on malaria surveillance between the working method of VSAs and of village malaria workers, but its result is inconclusive. This information was used for decision making procedure of using VSA's working method continuously. PMID- 6612416 TI - Development of Dirofilaria repens in Aedes aegypti reared in contrasting habitat. AB - The susceptibility of Dirofilaria repens infection in Aedes aegypti adults reared in hay-infusion and tap-water during their larval stages was tested. Ae. aegypti reared in hay-infusion ingested a bigger amount of blood than those reared in tap water but harboured fewer D. repens larvae (developing and arrested). The difference in the susceptibility of mosquitoes from the two treatments was correlated with the difference in the robustness of the mosquitoes. PMID- 6612417 TI - Esterase patterns of Anopheles dirus (Bangkok strain) and Anopheles balabacensis (Perlis form) in the laboratory. AB - Esterase isoenzyme were performed in Anopheles balabacensis (Perlis Form) and Anopheles dirus (Bangkok Strain and Kanchanaburi Strain). The zymogram showed four positions, E1, E2, E3 and E4. Seventy-five percent of An. balabacensis (Perlis Form) or An. dirus (Bangkok Strain) can be correctly diagnosed by the presence of fast band in E3 or super slow band in E3 respectively. Homozygous slow band of E3 cannot be fully distinguished in both species, but by the combination of E2 and E3, 99.42% can be correctly identified to differentiate species. PMID- 6612418 TI - Resistance to reinfection with Schistosoma japonicum in the mouse. AB - BALB/c and outbred mice infected with a Philippine isolate of Schistosoma japonicum for 50 to 60 days expressed strong resistance to reinfection. The extent of this reinfection resistance ranged from 72 to 93% in 5 experiments (mean = 80% resistance) as determined by numbers of immature worms recovered from already infected and age- and sex-matched challenge control mice exposed 20 days previously to cercariae. Determination of numbers of recoverable worms from (the initial) infection suggest that adult worms are lost progressively during the period in which impressive resistance to reinfection is demonstrable. An important unresolved question is whether loss of adult worms is related in any way to expression of resistance to reinfection. Some indirect evidence indicates that the major component of reinfection resistance is expressed prior to day 4 of challenge infection. This evidence derives from analysis of lung petechiae which, in a primary infection, have been shown to provide an indication of number of adult worms which can be detected subsequently (e.g. at 30-40 days of infection). Although anti-parasite immune response have not yet been shown to be responsible for this apparent concomitant immunity, the magnitude of resistance to reinfection in the S. japonicum/mouse system should facilitate identification of any immunological effector mechanisms involved. PMID- 6612420 TI - Social aspects of leprosy in Malaysia. AB - This paper attempts to explain both the persistence of traditional misconceptions about leprosy as well as the relative ineffectiveness of the Leprosy Control Programme. It has been pointed out that leprosy is a disease with tremendous social significance. To improve the Programme therefore, the human element which is of paramount importance must be identified and rectified. It is felt however, that we the providers should set our own house in order first. We need to find out the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the medical personnel and auxiliaries relating to leprosy, and identify the factors that contribute to their lack of motivation and undesirable attitudes which in turn deter patients from seeking and continuing treatment. Interventions based on the findings of such studies will contribute considerably towards the successful implementation of the Programme. PMID- 6612419 TI - Water contact behaviour among humans in Leyte, Philippines. PMID- 6612421 TI - Socio-economic research in the Philippines with special references to leprosy. AB - This brief paper presents the need for studies on the social aspects of leprosy; it also describes a current research project in the Philippines with a multidisciplinary team consisting of medical doctors and social scientists. Moreover, it tries to show what the research data might do to improve leprosy control programmes. The research team hopes that these pioneering efforts in the study of the social aspects of leprosy, which is a highly stigmatized disease, will encourage other scientists to follow suit. PMID- 6612422 TI - The need for social and economic research in tropical disease studies. PMID- 6612423 TI - Cultural factors in the epidemiology of filariasis due to Brugia malayi in an endemic community in Malaysia. AB - A study was carried out to identify some of the cultural factors in the epidemiology of filariasis in an endemic community in Malaysia. The viewpoint of the community, data an responses on knowledge of illness and filariasis, host related factors, health examination, vector study were analysed and discussed. The observations noted on cultural factors were: Occupational pattern: Different agricultural occupations seemed to related to transmission in terms of body exposure. Activities not related to production of crops: Play groups in late afternoon, bathing of household members near and after sunset, congregations at prayer houses very much exposed the population to mosquito bites in different degree in terms of length of time spent outside the house. Knowledge of filariasis: Filariasis was understood in terms of elephantiasis, the chronic stage of the disease. Other signs of disease-adenolymphangitis, red lines running down one or both legs and abscess were generally recognized but not often annonated with specific disease. Attitude toward disease: Filariasis was not seen as a health problem and the idea of filarial worms was still hard to believe. Knowledge on disease causation: Biological causes were generally recognized, though the idea of bacteria was not widespread. PMID- 6612425 TI - The application of social science research to tropical diseases. PMID- 6612424 TI - The social aspect of filariasis in the Philippines. PMID- 6612426 TI - Health effects of labor mobility: a study of malaria in Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. PMID- 6612427 TI - Transmigration and health in connection with tropical diseases in Indonesia. AB - Health aspects of the Indonesian transmigration programme has been described through review of studies conducted before and after the implementation of the programme of different population groups. The problem of development of economic centres and low health status of manpower has been discussed. To back up the transmigration programme in the future it has been suggested to conduct health studies using multidisciplinary and multiinstitutional approach. More efforts should be done to develop multidisciplinary and multiinstitutional cooperation. PMID- 6612428 TI - Migration and disease problems: a study of pattern of migration in an endemic area of malaria in Thailand. AB - The preliminary results of a study of rural-rural migration in an endemic area of malaria is reported. The study on socio-economic status of migrant workers was made during the post planting season of sugarcane plantation in Tambon Nong Rhee Kanchanaburi Province. Among 9,311 population in four villages of this Tambon, 15.4% were migrants and 45.5% were from the northeast provinces of Thailand. Almost half of the migrant population came to the area for the first time and stayed for six months mostly during the sugarcane cutting season. No significant difference in experience with malaria (as recognized by the people not from blood examination) between the local population and the migrants was observed from the interview. However, the duration of migration seemed to relate with the risk of contracting malaria. PMID- 6612429 TI - Illness behaviour study in Pasar Kemis subdistrict West Java, Indonesia. PMID- 6612430 TI - Nutrition and tropical diseases: educational aspects in Malaysia. AB - This report highlights some of the educational aspects on nutrition and tropical diseases. Health conditions in most of the countries in this region has improved but not at the same pace as the progress in medical sciences. The slow progress in tackling this problem has been partly due to the failure of understanding psycho-social, cultural and economic patterns. Many of the health workers and educators who are involved in the control of tropical diseases emphasize on practice rather than research. Due emphasis should be given to training and research in health education involving not only the professionals and auxiliary staff but also political leaders, policy makers and community leaders at grassroot level. PMID- 6612431 TI - Social and economic aspects of tropical diseases and control. PMID- 6612432 TI - Socio-economic research in Sri Lanka. PMID- 6612433 TI - Human behavioural factors in mosquito vector control. PMID- 6612434 TI - Social class, social mobility and status differences in marriage: relevant for child psychiatry? PMID- 6612435 TI - Socio-demographic associations with social disablement in a community sample. PMID- 6612436 TI - Class variations in the incidence of alcoholism in the Lundby Study, Sweden. PMID- 6612437 TI - Follow-up of a group of unemployed patients consecutively admitted to an emergency psychiatric department. PMID- 6612438 TI - Psychosocial characteristics of a group of unemployed patients consecutively admitted to a psychiatric emergency department. PMID- 6612439 TI - Social outcome after first admission for schizophrenia in Tasmania. A study of matched pairs. PMID- 6612440 TI - [Demographic aging and public health problems]. PMID- 6612441 TI - [Computerized system for mass screening of persons to be examined and treated for lung diseases]. PMID- 6612442 TI - [Evaluation of the nature and dynamics of traumatism]. PMID- 6612443 TI - [Role of medicine in atheistic education]. PMID- 6612444 TI - [The problem of smoking]. PMID- 6612445 TI - [Activities of the Central Regional Hospital in rendering specialized medical services to the population]. PMID- 6612446 TI - [Teaching the subject of the history of medicine]. PMID- 6612448 TI - [Local press on medical workers]. PMID- 6612447 TI - [Medical sociology]. PMID- 6612449 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of hemodes in the treatment of patients with viral hepatitis]. PMID- 6612451 TI - [Subdural hematomas in patients with extracranial thrombosis of the cerebral vessels]. PMID- 6612450 TI - [Alteration of the microcirculation of the bulbar conjunctiva in patients with myocardial infarction during treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents]. PMID- 6612452 TI - [Mistakes in the recognition of the source of acute pathology of the abdominal organs]. PMID- 6612453 TI - [Lyell's syndrome in a patient with psoriasis]. PMID- 6612454 TI - [Enzyme activity of the pentosephosphate pathway of glucose oxidation in chronic liver diseases]. PMID- 6612456 TI - [Selective proximal vagotomy in the surgical treatment of ulcer]. PMID- 6612455 TI - [Changes of the acid-forming function of the stomach and its mucous membrane in cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 6612457 TI - [Clinico-electroneuromyographical characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6612458 TI - [Diagnostic and prognostic significance of indicators of humoral and cellular immunity in patients with lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6612459 TI - [Use of the electromagnetic field in patients after disturbance of cerebral circulation]. PMID- 6612460 TI - [Sympathico-adrenal crisis in the clinical picture of neuroses and neurosis-like conditions]. PMID- 6612461 TI - [Cytochemical study of leukocyte enzyme activity in peripheral blood of patients with endogenous infection]. PMID- 6612462 TI - [Antibodies to digoxin in patients with congestive cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 6612463 TI - [New principles of antithrombotic therapy]. PMID- 6612465 TI - [Improving the instruction of psychopharmacology in medical institutions]. PMID- 6612466 TI - [Effect of health resort treatment on the tolerance of physical exercise in patients with non-specific bronchopulmonary diseases]. PMID- 6612467 TI - [Reflexotherapy in patients with dust bronchitis]. PMID- 6612464 TI - [Emergency transplantation of the toe after tearing away of the thumb]. PMID- 6612468 TI - [Pregnancy, labor and the external respiratory function in women having undergone aortic alloplasty for coarctation]. PMID- 6612469 TI - [Viscero-cerebral form of thromboangiitis obliterans (Winiwarter-Buerger syndrome)]. PMID- 6612470 TI - [Clinico-epidemiological characteristics of an ornithosis outbreak]. PMID- 6612471 TI - [Effect of hypothiazide on carbohydrate tolerance in long-term treatment of hypertension]. PMID- 6612472 TI - [Chronic purulent bronchitis and systemic arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6612473 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygenation in the treatment of acute carbon monoxide poisoning]. PMID- 6612474 TI - [Characteristics of the ovarian function in patients with an irregular luteal phase of the menstrual cycle]. PMID- 6612475 TI - [Chronomedicine today]. PMID- 6612476 TI - [Skin thermometry in the evaluation of blood circulation in toes transplanted toes to the hand]. PMID- 6612477 TI - [Current problems in gastroenterology]. PMID- 6612479 TI - [Effectiveness of climatotherapy in the treatment of patients with tuberculosis associated with nonspecific bronchopulmonary diseases during the winter in Western Siberia]. PMID- 6612478 TI - [Causes of chronic bronchitis in young patients]. PMID- 6612480 TI - [Treatment of deforming arthroses in elderly patients]. PMID- 6612481 TI - [Characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in children and adults]. PMID- 6612482 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical course of recurrent herpes simplex]. PMID- 6612483 TI - [The pulmonary image and roentgenocardiometric indicators at different sites of myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6612484 TI - [Neurogenic tetany syndrome in neuroses with vegetative disorders]. PMID- 6612485 TI - [Regional oxygenobarotherapy in arterial occlusive diseases of the limbs]. PMID- 6612486 TI - [Vagotomy after suturing of peptic ulcer perforation]. PMID- 6612487 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic value of hysteroscopy in gynecological practice]. PMID- 6612488 TI - [Step-by-step treatment of a severe form of viral hepatitis with acute hepatic insufficiency]. PMID- 6612489 TI - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome in a patient after surgical treatment of localized lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 6612490 TI - [ACute abdomen syndrome in periodic disease]. PMID- 6612491 TI - [What really are the principal causes of death in Mexico?]. PMID- 6612492 TI - [Gas pneumopathy. Chlorine poisoning and the participation of oxygen in the pathological changes]. PMID- 6612493 TI - [Prevalence of serum anti-Vibrio parahaemolyticus antibodies in food handlers]. PMID- 6612494 TI - [Familial hereditary spherocytosis. Study in a rural zone of Baja California Sur]. PMID- 6612495 TI - [The psychological autopsy as a method of studying suicide]. PMID- 6612496 TI - [Cysticercosis of the central nervous system]. PMID- 6612497 TI - [Ignorance of the epidemiology of cysticercosis in Mexico]. PMID- 6612498 TI - [Traffic accident mortality. Federal District, Mexico]. PMID- 6612499 TI - [Fetal and neonatal mortality]. PMID- 6612501 TI - [Agreement establishing the Internal Council of the National Blood Transfusion Center]. PMID- 6612500 TI - [Agreement creating the Commission for Decentralization and Deconcentration of the Secretariat of Health and Welfare]. PMID- 6612502 TI - [Decree creating the National Institute of Perinatology as a decentralized public organization with its own judicial identity and autonomy]. PMID- 6612503 TI - [Decree creating the National Institute of Pediatrics as a decentralized public organization with its own judicial identity and autonomy]. PMID- 6612504 TI - [Ethical problems in surgery]. PMID- 6612505 TI - [Intracranial injuries and multiple injuries]. PMID- 6612506 TI - [Possible use of the Sano Index in the differential diagnosis of intracranial injuries]. PMID- 6612508 TI - [Proximal selective vagotomy - an operation in stages of development]. PMID- 6612507 TI - [Madelung's symmetrical lipomatosis]. PMID- 6612509 TI - [Suture granuloma as a cause of post-cholecystectomy syndrome]. PMID- 6612510 TI - [Fibrotization of perianal fistulae as a preparation for adequate extent of their excision]. PMID- 6612511 TI - [Experience with chemotherapy after surgery for tumors of the large intestine and rectum]. PMID- 6612512 TI - [Early radioisotope diagnosis of post-traumatic femur head necrosis]. PMID- 6612513 TI - [Replacing the inferior vena cava with an autologous graft composed of 6 segments of the great saphenous vein]. PMID- 6612514 TI - [Inguinal hernias in old age]. PMID- 6612515 TI - [Congenital deviation of the penis]. PMID- 6612516 TI - [Actions of lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus on granulocyte-macrophage colony formation of human marrow cells and the reversal of these actions by prednisolone]. PMID- 6612517 TI - [Case of systemic lupus erythematosus with multiple thrombosis]. PMID- 6612518 TI - [Psychological aspects of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6612519 TI - [Clinical study of systemic lupus erythematosus and pregnancy based on questionnaire]. PMID- 6612520 TI - Tracheo-oesophageal fistula following blunt chest trauma. A report of 2 cases. PMID- 6612521 TI - Intrahepatic palliative bypass in malignant biliary obstruction. Case reports. PMID- 6612522 TI - [Choledochoduodenal fistula as a complication of chronic duodenal ulcer. 2 case reports]. PMID- 6612523 TI - Traumatic avulsion of the gallbladder. PMID- 6612524 TI - Deep temporal bone surgery for traumatic facial palsy. PMID- 6612525 TI - Parapharyngeal space tumours. PMID- 6612526 TI - Vascular access for haemodialysis at Baragwanath Hospital. PMID- 6612527 TI - [Chlamydia infections]. PMID- 6612528 TI - Treatment of hypertension following endotracheal intubation. PMID- 6612529 TI - Acceptability trials of maize meal fortified with niacin, riboflavin and folic acid. AB - In Western countries two common and successful measures employed to combat nutritional deficiencies and deficiency diseases are: (i) enrichment of refined cereal products with nutrients lost during milling; and (ii) fortification of common foodstuffs with nutrients the intake of which in the general population is regarded as inadequate. In South Africa in 1978 a committee appointed by the Medical Research Council urged that because of the nutritional situation, particularly among the Black population and more especially relating to pellagra, niacin, riboflavin and folic acid should be added to the staple maize meal. Accordingly, investigations have been undertaken to assess the ability of Blacks to discriminate between fortified and non-fortified maize meals. Studies on groups of adolescents and adults revealed that this ability is not significant, indicating that no problem should be encountered as regards the general acceptability of the fortified product. These findings are in agreement with acceptance by the public overseas of enriched bread and 'corn' products where the latter have been introduced. There is therefore no reason why the milling industry should delay the fortification of all maize meal produced for human consumption. PMID- 6612530 TI - Diuretic therapy, magnesium deficiency and lipid metabolism. AB - Hypermagnesiuria and hypomagnesaemia are complications of prolonged therapy with loop or distal tubule diuretics. Local and circulating catecholamine levels rise in response to hypomagnesaemia and to the haemodynamic effects of diuretics. The result is an increase in the plasma lipoprotein fraction, thought to constitute a cardiovascular risk factor and partly dependent on dietary and other variables. PMID- 6612531 TI - Time of onset of clinical envenomation following snakebite. AB - The time of onset of clinical envenomation in 58 cases of snakebite is discussed. In all cases clinical envenomation was manifest within 1 hour. It is suggested that if symptoms and signs of poisoning have not become apparent within 1 hour, clinically significant envenomation has not occurred and will not occur. PMID- 6612532 TI - Breast-feeding - evaluation of a health education programme. AB - A health education programme which had the objective of increasing the practice of breast-feeding is evaluated. Women provided with health education are shown to have greater knowledge of the advantages of breast-feeding but unchanged behaviour as regards breast-feeding practice. A plea is made for a nation-wide effort to promote breast-feeding. PMID- 6612534 TI - Medical education and the student intern. PMID- 6612533 TI - Epsilon-aminocaproic acid-induced myopathy. A case report. AB - The prolonged administration of epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) resulted in the development of severe proximal myopathy associated with high plasma creatine kinase values, rhabdomyolysis, myoglobinuria, and mild hyperbilirubinaemia. Withdrawal of the drug led to spontaneous resolution of the clinical and biochemical syndrome. Structural and enzyme studies of a biopsy specimen of the involved skeletal muscle supported the presence of subclinical myopathy. The mechanism whereby EACA produces its toxicity in muscle may in part be due to inhibition of cathepsin D, but the possibility that other proteases are involved has not been excluded. The fact that this clinical syndrome is rare despite the widespread use of EACA may be because it only occurs in subjects with a subclinical skeletal muscle disorder which is unmasked by the drug. PMID- 6612535 TI - Intestinal obstruction and dried peaches. PMID- 6612536 TI - The role of ultrasound in the management of cervical carcinoma. A preliminary report. AB - Thirty-five cases of carcinoma of the cervix were examined ultrasonographically in order to assess the role of ultrasound in the management thereof. The method is not sufficiently reliable to detect spread beyond the cervix, but does provide useful information regarding pelvic anatomy and the spatial relationships of the cervix. It can be advantageously applied in the planning of therapy and its use in the day-to-day management of such cases is recommended. PMID- 6612538 TI - An objective medical student examination in obstetrics. AB - The objective structured clinical examination is now being used to examine medical students in obstetrics. Each student circulates around various timed stations where he carries out preset tasks. Groups of up to 20 students can be tested in rotation against previously agreed upon checklists. A wide range of clinical and practical skills can be objectively assessed in this way. PMID- 6612537 TI - Radiological assessment of thoracolumbar spinal injuries. AB - The vertebrae of the thoracolumbar junction are extremely vulnerable to serious injury. Spontaneous reduction of these unstable fractures or dislocations often occurs, making radiological diagnosis of the full extent of these injuries difficult. The technique of radiological examination applicable is described, and important radiological signs are emphasized. The anatomical factors predisposing the thoracolumbar junction to trauma and the mechanism of injury are briefly described. PMID- 6612539 TI - Student attitudes towards the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) and conventional methods of assessment. AB - Medical student attitudes towards: (i) the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) as a method of clinical assessment; (ii) the OSCE conducted by the University of Cape Town Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; and (iii) the OSCE compared with conventional methods of assessment, were quantified. Three groups comprising 32, 25 and 32 4th-year M.B. Ch.B. students participated in the study by completing a questionnaire for the assessment of clinical competence in medical education during a feedback session after completing their end-of-block OSCE in obstetrics. Students displayed a positive attitude towards the OSCE as a method of assessment and the OSCE in which they participated, and preferred the OSCE as a method of clinical assessment. We conclude that the OSCE is an excellent alternative to the traditional end-of-block oral examinations. PMID- 6612540 TI - Shock lung--experimental studies on a haemorrhagic hypovolaemic rabbit model. AB - An experimental model of haemorrhagic hypotension was standardized using rabbits to investigate the shock lung syndrome over a period of 120 minutes. Acute hypovolaemia was induced by withdrawal of blood under anaesthesia to a mean arterial pressure of 30 +/- 5 mmHg within 10 minutes. The mean leucocyte counts and the release of lysosomal enzymes (acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase) in the blood and in lung tissue, as well as the metabolic capacities of lung tissue in terms of protein and lipid biosynthesis, were investigated at set intervals after 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. The results indicate a progressive decline in leucocyte numbers over 120 minutes to about 40% of the original. An immediate granulocytopenia was observed with a relative lymphocytosis within 30 minutes. The beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase contents of the plasma increased with time; beta-glucuronidase activity increased progressively as leucocytes disappeared from the circulation. Concomitantly, the capacity of the lung tissue to synthesize protein and lipids was retarded with time, becoming significantly lower than baseline values after 60 minutes of hypovolaemia. The decline in leucocyte numbers in the circulation correlated well with the increase in beta glucuronidase activity and the retarded metabolic capacity of the lung tissue. PMID- 6612541 TI - Vibrio cholerae bacteraemia in a newborn infant. A case report. AB - A 6-day-old Black male infant presented with diarrhoea and biochemical evidence of severe electrolyte imbalance. Despite treatment with intravenous fluids and antibiotics, he died within 24 hours of admission. Enterotoxigenic Vibrio cholerae, biotype E1 Tor, serotype Inaba, was isolated from the blood. The significance of this finding is discussed. PMID- 6612542 TI - Syphilitic coronary ostial stenosis. Case reports. AB - Two young Coloured men with proven syphilitic coronary ostial stenosis had severe angina pectoris unresponsive to conventional medication. One underwent an aortic valve replacement for severe aortic insufficiency associated with subtotal ostial occlusion of the right coronary artery (RCA), which was corrected by an aortocoronary bypass graft; the left coronary artery (LCA) ostium was normal and patent. The other patient had total occlusion of the LCA ostium which resulted in an extensive transmural anteroseptal and anterolateral myocardial infarction; the RCA ostium was unaffected and the aortic valve appeared normal. He was considered unsuitable for cardiac surgery and continued to receive anti-anginal drug therapy with quite satisfactory improvement in symptoms. Non-atheromatous coronary artery disease must always be sought for and excluded when a non-White patient presents with symptoms of ischaemic heart disease. Although atheromatous coronary artery involvement is becoming increasingly prevalent among 'westernized' Black and Coloured subjects, it is still relatively unusual in comparison with the extremely high incidence in the White population. PMID- 6612544 TI - A complex evaluation of the population's state of health (based on materials from Siberia). PMID- 6612545 TI - An attempt to evaluate the accomplishment of referrals to additional examinations in a big city population. PMID- 6612543 TI - Recurrent meningitis due to round-window fistula in Klippel-Feil syndrome. A case report. AB - Hearing is impaired in 30% of patients with Klippel-Feil syndrome, owing to a variety of anatomical deformities of the inner and middle ear cavities. Recurrent meningitis due to a stapedial footplate fistula associated with this syndrome is rare. A case of Klippel-Feil syndrome, deafness and recurrent meningitis due to a round-window fistula is described. Surgical sealing of the defect prevented further meningeal infections. PMID- 6612546 TI - Infant mortality in Cuba, 1970--1979. PMID- 6612547 TI - Socio-medical aspects of family health in Colombia's countryside. PMID- 6612548 TI - Calculus methodology of ambulance services in FIFO type emergency stations for population up to 100 000 inhabitants. PMID- 6612549 TI - An analysis of data on patients dead in stationary units and ways of using its results. PMID- 6612550 TI - The implications of the food industry in cardiovascular diseases. PMID- 6612551 TI - Policy in the training of human resources in Cuba. PMID- 6612552 TI - Advancing social work practice in the health care field. Introduction: posing the issues. PMID- 6612553 TI - Social work groups in health settings: promises and problems. PMID- 6612554 TI - The social work-community medicine connection. PMID- 6612555 TI - Clinical contributions to administrative practice. PMID- 6612556 TI - Advancing social work practice in health care. PMID- 6612557 TI - Preparing new generations of social workers for practice in health settings. PMID- 6612558 TI - Knowledge development for social work practice in health. PMID- 6612559 TI - Short-term treatment in health settings: issues, concepts, dilemmas. PMID- 6612560 TI - Symposium on esophageal surgery. PMID- 6612561 TI - Esophageal motility in asymptomatic volunteers. PMID- 6612562 TI - The technique of cricopharyngeal myotomy. PMID- 6612563 TI - Prevention and treatment of biliary-pancreatic reflux esophagitis. The role of long-limb Roux-Y. PMID- 6612564 TI - Surgical management of scleroderma reflux esophagitis. PMID- 6612565 TI - Gastroesophageal reflux and obesity. PMID- 6612566 TI - Treatment of achalasia of the esophagus. PMID- 6612567 TI - The importance of early diagnosis and surgical treatment of necrotizing fasciitis. AB - Necrotizing fasciitis is a severe infection with a mixed bacterial population involving a single tissue plane. It is best diagnosed by the history of minor trauma, extreme toxicity, anesthesia of the skin and roentgenologic evidence of soft tissue gas. Initial treatment consists of antibiotics, intravenously administered fluids, blood transfusions, calcium and general patient support. Surgical procedures include extensive debridement as soon as possible and as needed for continued necrosis, secondary closure and skin grafting. The mortality of this disease has not been altered by antimicrobials. Only early recognition and surgical treatment will improve the prognosis. PMID- 6612568 TI - Management of malignant bronchoesophageal fistulas. AB - Twenty-four patients with a bronchoesophageal fistula due to a malignant lesion were seen during the eight years from 1974 to 1981. Twenty of the patients had carcinoma of the esophagus, and four patients had carcinoma of the lung. All three patients who had a Celestin tube inserted had gastric reflux, and in two, the fistula was not completely occluded. Four patients who had a cervical esophagostomy, feeding jejunostomy and ligation of the gastroesophageal junction died in the immediate postoperative period. The best palliative result was achieved in 17 patients who had a bypass of the fistula with the stomach. Fourteen had a substernal gastric bypass to the cervical portion of the esophagus, and three patients had a gastric bypass to the upper thoracic portion of the esophagus by way of a right thoracotomy. Although the operative deaths occurred in six of 17 patients, the surviving patients resumed oral feeding within ten to 14 days after operation, and the pneumonias cleared. These patients had, by far, the best palliative result. We, therefore, advocate substernal or intrathoracic bypass of the bronchoesophageal fistula as soon as the general condition of the patient permits. PMID- 6612569 TI - Acute carcinoma of the breast. AB - The timely discovery of curable carcinoma through screening and early treatment is compromised by the existence of acute carcinoma with adverse properties. The existence of an acute carcinoma must be considered in planning and promoting any public health program for the control of carcinoma of the breast. These carcinomas will surface under any contemporarily available screening or detection program through no physician or patient error. These carcinomas have identifiable properties, and their occurrence should not be the basis of a malpractice suit, since their evolution is not presently preventable. The available data on actual doubling times obviously provide truncated distributions, since they contain no data on the faster subsets of carcinomas that surface in the intervals between screenings too quickly to permit measurement of size and calculation of DT (act). PMID- 6612570 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube. AB - Carcinoma of the fallopian tube is the least frequent tumor of the female genital tract. During a 27 year period, 34 patients with adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube were treated at the University of Michigan Medical Center. Eight of 34 of the patients were found to have early second primary tumors during the work-up. The over-all two year and five year survival rates were 52 and 20 per cent, respectively. Results of our review of this group of patients would indicate that postoperative irradiation of the pelvis with more than 50 Grey in five weeks increased the five year survival rate of patients with disease confined to the fallopian tube. PMID- 6612571 TI - Delayed anastomosis of the cervical portion of the esophagus in bypass operations for unresectable carcinoma of the esophagus. AB - To prevent the high incidence of anastomotic leakage in a bypass operation for unresectable carcinoma of the esophagus, we devised a two stage bypass procedure, in which the anastomosis of the cervical portion of the esophagus to the gastric tube is delayed for about two weeks after the first operation. With this approach, the short segment of the cervical part of the esophagus adequately adheres to the surrounding tissue by the time of the second operation, and the anastomotic site no longer responds to the strong force accompanying deglutition. One-half of the anastomotic leaks which occurred on the one stage procedure was reduced to nil when the two stage approach was done. PMID- 6612572 TI - Polytetrafluoroethylene vein composite grafts across the knee. AB - Fifteen Gore-tex vein composite femoral-popliteal artery bypass procedures were performed during the four year period of December 1975 to December 1979. Nine were performed for salvage of the limb and six, for incapacitating claudication. Preoperatively, all patients had an arteriographic evaluation of the outflow tract. CPR by the life-table method was 63 per cent at six years. Early failures were three occlusions within two months in patients with poor outflow. One late occlusion occurred at 16 months, and the limb was salvaged with a femoral tibial bypass graft. Another late occlusion was treated by thrombectomy at 24 months with continued patency. Late revision was carried out in one patient at seven months. This consisted of repair of a stenosis of the distal popliteal artery with salvage of the graft. Only two of ten grafts available for evaluation beyond one year have become occluded. All patients operated upon for claudication or with good runoff have patent grafts. On the contrary, none of the grafts to an isolated popliteal segment remained patent. When there is not sufficient autogenous saphenous vein available for femoral-popliteal bypass, the ready availability of a synthetic graft makes it an attractive choice. Nevertheless, our 63 per cent CPR at six years strongly suggests that the composite graft is a durable option. PMID- 6612573 TI - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography after cholecystectomy. AB - One hundred and eighty-two patients with undiagnosed postcholecystectomy symptoms were studied by ERCP. Successful ampullary cannulation was achieved in 164 patients. ERCP findings revealed an abnormality in 120 patients (73 per cent). Endoscopic sphincterotomy and stone removal were successful in removing calculi in 13 of 17 patients in whom this procedure was attempted. ERCP is often the procedure of choice in the diagnosis and management of patients with postcholecystectomy symptoms. The information gained may permit definitive treatment of the causative conditions, including the extraction of biliary calculi after papillotomy in selected instances. PMID- 6612575 TI - Intrapelvic prosthesis to prevent injury of the small intestine with high dosage pelvic irradiation. AB - The major complication to delivering tumoricidal dosages of radiation to the pelvis is radiation damage to the loops of the small intestine located within the radiation field. To exclude the small intestine from the pelvis after extensive pelvic surgical treatment, prosthetic materials are used. A transabdominal baffle made of prosthetic mesh separates pelvic and abdominal cavities. A Silastic implant, usually used in the reconstruction of the breast, is used in the pelvis to occupy space. In so doing, all of the small intestine can be excluded from the pelvic cavity and dosages of radiation to 6,500 rads can be administered. PMID- 6612576 TI - A new surgical instrument for fixing and positioning esophagoplasties in the thorax and neck. AB - A description is made of a new surgical instrument which is introduced through a Mousseau tube, which is extremely simple to use and which greatly facilitates the placing of plasties after esophageal resections. PMID- 6612577 TI - A technique for rapid intubation of the sigmoid and left colon. AB - Repeated endoscopic intubation of the left colon resulted in decompression of the cecum in all four patients with pseudo-obstruction of the colon complicating critical illnesses. The technique involved fiberoptic sigmoidoscopy and placement of a large-bore tube above the sigmoid flexures under visual control. The technique is rapid, safe and readily repeatable and deserves a trial prior to undertaking cecostomy. PMID- 6612574 TI - A comparative study of surgical skin preparation methods. AB - Analysis of a randomized study of preoperative skin preparation techniques in thoracic and general surgical patients revealed that the use of a one minute alcohol cleansing and application of an antimicrobial film provides equivalent bactericidal activity to a five minute iodophor scrub and paint. Initial bacterial kill is greater with a one minute alcohol cleansing than a five minute iodophor scrub. There were fewer patients with high bacterial counts at the time of closure in the groups treated with the antimicrobial film than in the traditional iodophor scrub group. Saving in preoperative operating room time can be achieved using a one minute alcohol cleansing plus application of an antimicrobial film with equal antibacterial efficacy to that of conventional methods. PMID- 6612578 TI - Transmesocolic omentoplasty. AB - Transmesocolic omentoplasty is a simple technique for covering prosthetic aortic grafts and preventing aortoenteric fistulas. It is especially valuable in repeat aortic procedures when mobilization of periaortic tissues and graft coverage may be impossible. PMID- 6612579 TI - Role of solute in the early restitution of blood volume after hemorrhage. AB - We examined the putative roles of decreased capillary pressure and increased transcapillary osmolar gradient in mediation of the early restitution of blood volume after hemorrhage by comparing the degree of restitution of plasma volume and protein and comparing changes in capillary pressure and osmolality in awake dogs with those in dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital. Decreases in estimated capillary pressure and increases in plasma osmolality were greater in anesthetized than in awake dogs. However, early restitution of plasma volume and of protein was greater in awake animals. Analysis of the Starling forces indicated that interstitial hydrostatic pressure was greater in awake animals than in anesthetized animals, suggesting that interstitial volume increases more rapidly in awake animals. Selective venous sampling in anesthetized dogs indicated that the splanchnic and renal vascular beds release solute to the circulation following hemorrhage. However, rather than promoting the restitution of blood volume by production of a transcapillary osmolar gradient, the data suggest that the solute is delivered to the peripheral tissues, where it mediates the movement of water from cells to the interstitium more rapidly in awake than in anesthetized dogs. It thus appears that the early metabolic changes after hemorrhage, resulting in increased solute production, are important for the early restitution of blood volume and plasma protein. PMID- 6612580 TI - Consequences of preoperative cholangitis and its treatment on the outcome of operation for choledocholithiasis. AB - During a 30-month period 73 patients underwent operation for choledocholithiasis. Thirty-three of these patients (45%) had cholangitis preoperatively. When compared to patients with common duct stones who had no preoperative cholangitis, patients with cholangitis were older (P less than 0.001), more likely to present with jaundice (P less than 0.01) and leukocytosis (P less than 0.01), and more likely to have retained or primary common duct stones (P less than 0.01). Cholangitis patients were also more likely to have bactibilia (P less than 0.025), and anaerobes were isolated from the bile of 27% of these patients (P less than 0.01). Twenty-nine of 33 cholangitis patients (88%) received a minimum of 4 days of broad-spectrum antibiotics including an aminoglycoside prior to operation (P less than 0.01). Despite these clear differences, patients with preoperative cholangitis were not more likely to develop infective sequelae or biliary complications. However, cholangitis patients were much more likely (P less than 0.001) to develop an increase in serum creatinine (33% versus 3%) which, in turn, contributed to a longer (P less than 0.01) postoperative hospitalization. Since therapy with aminoglycosides may have contributed to postoperative morbidity and prolonged hospital stay, aminoglycosides should be reserved only for patients with the most severe cholangitis and should be used with great caution. PMID- 6612582 TI - Distal arteriovenous fistula as an adjunct to maintaining arterial and graft patency for limb salvage. AB - Sixty-one distal arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) were constructed as adjuncts to tibial and peroneal vascular reconstructive procedures in 58 patients threatened with imminent limb loss. Specific indications for dAVF construction were absent or deficient pedal arches, usually associated with small, calcareous crural vessels. Conventional bypasses had been previously performed in 35 patients. Cumulative graft patency rates were 56%, 39%, and 18% at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. For the same intervals, the figures were 56%, 52%, and 52% (P less than 0.001 at 24 months) for nonAVF reconstructions (n = 49). The corresponding cumulative limb salvage rates were 62%, 52%, and 40% for the dAVF group and 78%, 72%, and 72% for the nonAVF group (P less than 0.05 at 24 months). The perioperative mortality rate was 7% (four of 61). Twenty-four amputations were required, of which 16 were below the knee and six despite patent grafts. There was no significant morbidity attributable directly to the dAVF. Cardiac output showed no deviations from normal values. Primary causes of early failure were infection (n = 4), absence of satisfactory veins (n = 6), and inappropriate case selection (n = 7). Intimal hyperplasia led to dAVF closure and graft failure in 13 patients. This study shows that dAVFs can maintain graft patency by diversion of the overload on a high-resistance vascular bed and, secondarily, by augmentation of inflow. Immediate survival of the limb still depends on the arterial runoff, as retrograde venous flow caused by venous valvular incompetence is a delayed development. Adjunctive dAVF is justified in selected cases where conventional bypass failure has occurred or is predictable by increased pedal vascular resistance. PMID- 6612581 TI - Salvage operations for malfunctioning polytetrafluoroethylene hemodialysis access grafts. AB - During the study period a cohort of 170 of patients receiving long-term hemodialysis treatment required placement of 214 polytetrafluoroethylene grafts for vascular access; within this period 74 of these patients had significant graft malfunction that required 149 salvage operations. The most common failure/malfunction was thrombosis, and the most commonly appreciated mechanical cause of graft failure was outflow venous stenosis. Complex revisions were required to address this problem. First, second, and third revisions were successful in 65%, 53%, and 44% of cases, respectively. Multiple revisions, including thrombectomy, were required in some, but the functional life of these salvaged grafts was nearly equal to that of grafts that did not require revision. Abandonment of grafts because of secondary infection exacted a toll in both groups. PMID- 6612583 TI - Construction of the optimal tunnel for interposition arteriovenous hemodialysis fistulas. PMID- 6612584 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of iliac veins. AB - Although malignant neoplasm of the venous system is rare, leiomyosarcoma of large veins (predominantly the inferior vena cava) constitutes more than 75% of this condition. Symptoms are subject to tumor location and stenosis or obstruction of the venous system. This report describes the cases of two patients with leiomyosarcoma originating in large veins. Venography is extremely important for diagnosis, however computerized axial tomography with dye enhancement is helpful to depict the neoplastic nature of this condition. Excision and replacement with autogenous vein or artery will provide better long-term patency. PMID- 6612585 TI - Dissecting aneurysm of infrarenal abdominal aorta. PMID- 6612586 TI - Hypothesis. PMID- 6612587 TI - Carotid endarterectomy and tandem lesions. PMID- 6612589 TI - [The effect of the pulsed-sensory training on the body temperature of man]. PMID- 6612588 TI - [Hemodynamic changes in patients with pollinosis, and the effect of specific hyposensitization on these indices]. PMID- 6612590 TI - [The effect of myocardial insufficiency on the indices of the bicycle ergometry test in patients with a history of myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6612592 TI - [Roentgenological results of the radical correction of tetralogy of Fallot]. PMID- 6612591 TI - [Infectious endocarditis in patients with mitral valve prolapse]. PMID- 6612593 TI - [Relation between occupational cochleovestibular disorders and changes in the cardiovascular system]. PMID- 6612594 TI - [Imported exotic diseases encountered in the practice of general practitioners and parasitologists]. PMID- 6612595 TI - [Prognosis of development of complications following myocardial infarction from tables based on the case histories of 1,237 patients with myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6612597 TI - [The effect of digoxin on the function of the left ventricle in patients with large focal myocardial infarction (echocardiographic data)]. PMID- 6612596 TI - [The effect of streptodecase on myocardial circulation and the contractile function of the left heart ventricle in myocardial contraction]. PMID- 6612598 TI - [Intracardiac hemodynamics in patients with coronary insufficiency in relation to the threshold changes in the ECG]. PMID- 6612599 TI - [Clinico-morphological parallels of ischemic heart disease in patients with surgical diseases]. PMID- 6612600 TI - [Study of corinfar and isoptin pharmacodynamics using impedance cardiography and tetrapolar rheoplethysmography of the finger in patients with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6612601 TI - [The effect of diet therapy on the lipolytic activity of the adipose tissue and serum in patients with ischemic heart disease and excessive body weight]. PMID- 6612602 TI - [The effect of nutrition on the development of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6612603 TI - [Water and electrolyte distribution and indices of central hemodynamics in patients with hypertension with different levels of urinary excretion of catecholamines and different plasma levels of aldosterone and cortisol]. PMID- 6612604 TI - [Changes in serum myoglobin level and creatine phosphokinase activity in patients with acute myocardial infarction and angina pectoris]. PMID- 6612605 TI - [Hypertension control in the population]. PMID- 6612606 TI - [Non-pharmacological control of arterial blood pressure in hypertension]. PMID- 6612607 TI - [The efficacy and method of intravenous administration of isoptin in paroxysmal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias]. PMID- 6612608 TI - [Clinico-morphological variants and prognosis of chronic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6612609 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of the efficacy of early hemodialysis in poisoning with technical liquids containing ethylene glycol]. PMID- 6612610 TI - [Changes in kidney function in patients with diabetes mellitus during automatic correction of the blood sugar level]. PMID- 6612611 TI - [The effect of colchicine on hereditary and experimental amyloidosis]. PMID- 6612612 TI - [The type of endocrine changes in patients with duodenal ulcer after single and long-term cimetidine administration]. PMID- 6612613 TI - [Current trends in the treatment of nephritis]. PMID- 6612614 TI - [Current methods of treatment of glomerulonephritis (round table discussion)]. PMID- 6612615 TI - [Current problems of the nephrotic syndrome. 1. General topics]. PMID- 6612616 TI - [Pyelonephritis in old age]. PMID- 6612617 TI - [Immunomorphological characteristics of a hematuric variant of glomerulonephritis in children]. PMID- 6612619 TI - [Lipid peroxides in the plasma of patients with chronic glomerulonephritis of the nephrotic type]. PMID- 6612618 TI - [Spontaneous nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test and other indices of leukocyte function in kidney diseases]. PMID- 6612620 TI - [Genetic studies in nephrology]. PMID- 6612621 TI - [The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in chronic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6612622 TI - [Treatment of various clinico-morphological variants of chronic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6612624 TI - [Combined treatment of patients with a hypertensive variant of chronic pyelonephritis, and criteria of the efficacy of the long-term treatment in the absence of a marked urinary syndrome and true bacteriuria]. PMID- 6612623 TI - [Basic principles of treatment of patients with chronic pyelonephritis]. PMID- 6612625 TI - [Clinical role of middle-size molecules in the pathogenesis of nephrogenic anemia]. PMID- 6612626 TI - [Prolactinemia in a uremic hypogonadism syndrome]. PMID- 6612627 TI - [Cardiological aspects of chronic kidney failure]. PMID- 6612628 TI - [Clinical use of a new hydrate cellulose membrane for hemodialysis]. PMID- 6612629 TI - On the within-sibship variance. AB - An approximate formula for the expected within-sibship genotypic variance of a polygenic, diallelic, additive character is obtained for arbitrary recombination between the loci affecting the character. The formula is exact, when there is no recombination, or when the recombination is free. It is also shown that, if the value of 1/2Vk (one-half of the parental genotypic variance) is assigned to the within-sibship genotypic variance, as in the model of Cavalli-Sforza and Feldman (1976, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73, 1689-1692), it implies the assumptions of random mating and of the perfect linkage. If, on the other hand, the value of 1/2Vo (one-half of the linkage equilibrium genotypic variance) is assigned to the within-sibship variance, as in the model of Rice, Cloninger, and Reich (1978, Amer. J. Hum. Genet. 30, 618-643), it implies the assumptions of random mating and either of the free recombination, or of the linkage equilibrium, if the recombination is not free. PMID- 6612630 TI - Properties of the major gene index for three-allele and two-locus models. AB - The expected value of the MGI(2) statistic was evaluated for several three-allele and two-locus models for which we have specified dominance relationships among phenotype classes based on heterozygote and homozygote genotype groupings. In a parallel simulation study we investigated the nature of MGI(alpha) for alpha = 1/2, 1, 2 under more elaborate continuous trait expressions incurred from superposition of a background distribution upon each of the phenotypic mean effects. PMID- 6612631 TI - Properties of a neutral allele model with intragenic recombination. AB - An infinite-site neutral allele model with crossing-over possible at any of an infinite number of sites is studied. A formula for the variance of the number of segregating sites in a sample of gametes is obtained. An approximate expression for the expected homozygosity is also derived. Simulation results are presented to indicate the accuracy of the approximations. The results concerning the number of segregating sites and the expected homozygosity indicate that a two-locus model and the infinite-site model behave similarly for 4Nu less than or equal to 2 and r less than or equal to 5u, where N is the population size, u is the neutral mutation rate, and r is the recombination rate. Simulations of a two locus model and a four-locus model were also carried out to determine the effect of intragenic recombination on the homozygosity test of Watterson (Genetics 85, 789-814; 88, 405-417) and on the number of unique alleles in a sample. The results indicate that for 4Nu less than or equal to 2 and r less than or equal to 10u, the effect of recombination is quite small. PMID- 6612632 TI - A simple stochastic gene substitution model. AB - If the fitnesses of n haploid alleles in a finite population are assigned at random and if the alleles can mutate to one another, and if the population is initially fixed for the kth most fit allele, then the mean number of substitutions that will occur before the most fit allele is fixed is shown to be (formula; see text) when selection is strong and mutation is weak. This result is independent of the parameters that went into the model. The result is used to provide a partial explanation for the large variance observed in the rates of molecular evolution. PMID- 6612634 TI - Some stochastic models for plasmid copy number. AB - Some stochastic models for the copy number of plasmids in a cell line are studied. When considering the behavior of copy number in the whole cell line, the theory of multitype branching processes is appropriate. Attention is paid to the cure rate in the cell line, and the asymptotic fractions of cells containing a given number of plasmids. These quantities are used to compare the models numerically. PMID- 6612633 TI - On the evolution of multigene families. AB - Multigene families are classified into three groups: small families as exemplified by hemoglobin genes of mammals; middlesize multigene families, by genes of mammalian histocompatibility antigens; and large multigene families, by variable region genes of immunoglobulins. Facts and theories on these evolving multigene families are reviewed, with special reference to the population genetics of their concerted evolution. It is shown that multigene families are evolving under continued occurrence of unequal (but homologous) crossing-over and gene conversion, and that mechanisms for maintaining genetic variability are totally different from the conventional models of population genetics. Thus, in view of widespread occurrence of multigene families in genomes of higher organisms, the evolutionary theory based mainly on change of gene frequency at each locus would appear to need considerable revision. PMID- 6612635 TI - Selection in complex genetic systems. V. Some properties of mixed selfing and random mating with two loci. PMID- 6612636 TI - Assessment by radionuclide angiography of right and left ventricular function in chronic bronchitis and emphysema. AB - Non-invasive measurements of right and left ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF, LVEF) by multiple-gated equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography were performed in 18 control subjects, 16 patients with angina pectoris, and 45 patients with hypoxic chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The mean RVEF in the control subjects was 0.62 +/- 0.09 (SD), which was not significantly different from the mean RVEF in the patients with angina (0.60 +/- 0.09), but was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than the mean value in patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema (0.45 +/- 0.11). LVEF was not significantly different in the groups studied. There was a significant correlation between LVEF and RVEF only in patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema (p less than 0.001). Those patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema who had clinical evidence of cor pulmonale at the time of the study had significantly lower values of RVEF and LVEF (p less than 0.001) than patients with no previous cor pulmonale or those who had had cor pulmonale in the past. There was a significant correlation between RVEF and arterial oxygen (p less than 0.01) and carbon dioxide tensions (p less than 0.05). Reduced RVEF in patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema may be an early indicator of the development of cor pulmonale and may be useful as a non-invasive method of assessing the effects of therapeutic interventions. PMID- 6612637 TI - Histamine dose-response curves in asthma: reproducibility and sensitivity of different indices to assess response. AB - In 18 clinically stable asthmatic patients histamine inhalation challenges were performed with a Wright's nebuliser and tidal volume breathing for two minutes on two to four occasions for each subject at a maximum interval of two weeks. The response was measured in terms of specific lung conductance (sGL) by the subtraction technique, maximum partial and maximum complete expiratory flow at 40% and 50% of vital capacity respectively (Vmax40p and Vmax50c), and FEV1 from the maximum flow-volume curve. Dose-response curves were analysed for (1) provocative concentration (PC) of histamine causing a 20% fall in FEV1 and a 40% change in the other measurements; (2) threshold concentration (TC)--the concentration at which changes in the measurement exceed 2 SD from control values; (3) reactivity (R)--the slope of the dose-response curve beyond TC. We found that PC20-FEV1 was the most reproducible index, the 95% confidence intervals based on a single determination being +/- 1.6 single two-fold concentration difference. PC20-FEV1 was more reproducible than PC values for other measurements and more reproducible than any of the TC values. The 95% confidence intervals based on a single determination of R varied from +/- 52% to +/- 74% change/log histamine concentration. Both sGL and Vmax40p detected the bronchoconstrictor response assessed by PC and TC at a significantly lower histamine concentration than FEV1 (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05 respectively). PC and TC results showed a significant correlation, but neither were correlated with R. PMID- 6612638 TI - Measurement of responsiveness to inhaled histamine using FEV1: comparison of PC20 and threshold. AB - Two methods of interpreting histamine inhalation dose-response curves were compared in 27 normal and 41 asthmatic subjects. The histamine provocation concentration producing a 20% fall (PC20) in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was calculated on the basis of the lowest FEV1 after inhalation of saline and the lowest value after inhalation of histamine. The histamine threshold was determined as the first histamine concentration causing the FEV1 to fall more than 2 SD below the mean of five pre-histamine (three pre-saline, two post-saline) FEV1 determinations. The PC20 was on average one doubling concentration larger than the threshold. The PC20 provided better discrimination between asthmatic and normal subjects than did the histamine threshold and was significantly more reproducible. These findings suggest that the histamine threshold may prove useful for studies on populations, particularly those with a low degree of responsiveness to histamine, because of the possibility of measuring a response at a lower histamine concentration. On the other hand, the PC20 is preferable for clinical use in individuals because of its better discriminating power and better reproducibility. PMID- 6612639 TI - Effect of the antitussive glaucine on bronchomotor tone in man. AB - In view of the observation that the antitussive agent glaucine prevents histamine induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs we investigated this agent for a possible peripheral action in man, using a new method for measuring changes in bronchomotor tone. The forced airflow oscillation method was used to determine respiratory resistance (Rrs) over a range of lung volumes (VL) in seven healthy supine subjects. Computer analysis of the hyperbolic relationship between Rrs and VL was used to determine the asymptotic resistance and yield estimates of lower airways conductance (Glaw). Specific lower airways conductance (sGlaw) was expressed as the slope of the linear plot of Glaw against VL and is a sensitive index of bronchomotor tone. After baseline measurements of sGlaw subjects received placebo or 60 mg glaucine orally according to a double-blind crossover protocol. Histamine, 500 micrograms, was inhaled 45 minutes later. Measurements of sGlaw were repeated every 10 minutes for two hours. Although there was a trend towards bronchodilatation after glaucine administration (sGlaw = 130% of baseline) there was no significant difference from the effect of placebo (sGlaw = 89% of baseline). After inhalation of histamine sGlaw fell to 26% of baseline after both glaucine and placebo (p less than 0.01). In a further study three subjects received glaucine and placebo according to an identical protocol except that the histamine was omitted. Again the increase in sGlaw failed to achieve significance. Glaucine does not affect the bronchoconstrictor response to histamine in man and there is no convincing evidence of an effect on resting bronchomotor tone. PMID- 6612640 TI - Pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass for patients with renal insufficiency. AB - Pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass has been shown to preserve renal function and could therefore have considerable clinical value in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with preoperative renal insufficiency, by protecting them from further postoperative renal deterioration. Our three-year experience with pulsatile bypass in 29 patients with a preoperative serum creatinine concentration over 1.7 mg/100 ml (mean 2.9, range 1.8-6.1 mg/100 ml) (greater than 150 mumol/l (mean 256, range 159-539 mumol/l] supports this premise. There were no renal deaths in the perioperative period and only two patients had irreversible postoperative deterioration in renal function; one died on day 3 of low-output syndrome and the other had rapidly progressive nephrosclerosis and died of that disease one year later. Postoperative oliguria occurred in the patient with low cardiac output and in only one other. This experience contrasts with our previous experience and that reported by others with non-pulsatile bypass in patients with renal insufficiency. We suggest that pulsatile bypass should be considered for cardiac surgery in patients with preoperative renal dysfunction. PMID- 6612641 TI - Congenital broncho-oesophageal fistula associated with tracheal agenesis. PMID- 6612642 TI - Right aortic arch and Kommerell's diverticulum. PMID- 6612643 TI - Transbronchial needle aspiration of a mediastinal mass: therapeutic implications. PMID- 6612644 TI - Jejunal bypass of the cardia for benign stricture: report of six cases. PMID- 6612645 TI - The human carotid body. PMID- 6612647 TI - Pulmonary aspergilloma: analysis of prognosis in relation to haemoptysis and survey of treatment. AB - From 1956 to 1980 85 patients were admitted to the Brompton Hospital, London, with pulmonary aspergilloma. The mean follow-up period was 8.7 years and 85% of patients were followed for five years or until death if this was earlier. There were 41 deaths, 27 from respiratory causes: 11 from pneumonia, six from chronic respiratory failure, seven after surgery for aspergilloma, and three from haemoptysis. Medical treatment alone was given to 36 patients, of whom three died of haemoptysis. Systemic antifungal treatment was given to 18 patients without benefit. Intracavitary antifungals were helpful in three out of 10 patients. Surgical resection was performed in 41 patients, of whom three (7%) died after operation and a further six (15%) developed major complications. Cavernostomy was performed in nine patients considered unfit for resection; four died after operation. Haemoptysis was absent or minor in 40 patients, of whom 19 were treated medically and 18 by resection, with similar five-year survival rates of 65% and 75%. Frank or major haemoptysis occurred in 45 patients, of whom 17 were treated medically and 23 by resection, with five-year survivals of 41% and 84% (p less than 0.02). The better survival of the surgical group in this retrospective survey may have been due to the selection of patients with better lung function and more localised pulmonary disease. Our observations suggest that surgical resection for aspergilloma should be restricted to patients with severe haemoptysis and adequate pulmonary function. In patients unfit for resection cavernostomy is hazardous. PMID- 6612646 TI - Conservative surgery for mitral valve disease: clinical and echocardiographic analysis of results. AB - Eighty-five patients underwent mitral valve reconstruction by the Carpentier method from January 1976 to December 1981. Concomitant procedures were performed in 30 patients (aortic valve replacement in 23, coronary revascularisation in six, and tricuspid valve repair in seven). Before operation 76 patients (89%) were in clinical class II or III (New York Heart Association) and atrial fibrillation was present in 50. Thirty-six patients had valvular incompetence, while 26 had pure stenosis. The aetiology was rheumatic in 57 cases and dysplastic in 21. The patients were assessed for clinical improvement, durability of valve repair, thromboembolism, and survival. There was one death, an operative mortality rate of 1.2%, and 63 of 74 patients followed for one to six years were in clinical class I after operation. The actuarial survival was 92% with a 93% incidence of freedom from thromboemboli at five years. Six patients had embolic episodes, four of whom had aortic valve replacement. Three patients had a repeat operation 16-20 months later, a valve failure rate of 6.7%. Nineteen patients with ruptured chordae had postoperative echocardiographic assessment of myocardial and mitral valve functions; the peak rates of dimension changes of the left ventricular cavity (indicative of flow across the mitral valve) fell to normal in most patients, and the left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions decreased significantly from 6.4 (1.53) to 5.09 (1.31) cm (mean and SD)--p less than 0.05. Our results confirm that reconstructive mitral surgery is able to restore and maintain normal valve function in addition to providing satisfactory relief of symptoms. PMID- 6612648 TI - What happens to patients with pulmonary aspergilloma? Analysis of 23 cases. AB - The problems associated with pulmonary aspergilloma were assessed retrospectively in 23 patients presenting from 1953 to 1982. Haemoptysis occurred in over half the patients and in two it was fatal. Invasive aspergillosis occurred in five patients, a higher proportion than in earlier reports, and two of these died. Amphotericin B in combination with either flucytosine or natamycin and, more recently, ketoconazole have proved useful in the treatment of this condition. PMID- 6612649 TI - Acute asthma and antidiuretic hormone secretion. AB - Plasma antidiuretic hormone concentrations were measured in a group of children with acute asthma and in a control group. Very high levels of antidiuretic hormone were found in the asthmatic group. There were no changes in other biochemical indices. If overproduction of antidiuretic hormone is sustained then fluid administration to children with severe acute asthma is potentially dangerous. PMID- 6612650 TI - Effects of temperature on Vitalograph spirometer readings. AB - Spirometric variables were obtained from nine symptomless subjects, who performed forced expiratory manoeuvres with three Vitalograph spirometers at three different ambient temperatures (36.5 degrees C, 24.1 degrees C, and - 7.3 degrees C) over three days according to a Latin square design. Analysis of variance showed no significant difference between values at different ambient temperatures when measured at ATPS. Correction of the results to BTPS resulted in a significant difference in values at the three ambient temperatures for all measurements other than the Vmax25. The mean error introduced by conversion to BTPS varied from 7% (SD 5%) for the FVC at 24.1 degrees C to 30% (21%) for Vmax50 at - 7.3 degrees C. Possible explanations for these observations include the increasing compliance of the spirometer bellows with increasing temperature, relatively slow cooling of gases within the spirometer, and a combination of these effects. We conclude that there is no evidence that conversion to BTPS improves the accuracy of measurements made on a Vitalograph spirometer. Further studies on other spirometers are needed to see whether conversion to BTPS is always appropriate. PMID- 6612651 TI - Postural relief of dyspnoea in severe chronic airflow limitation: relationship to respiratory muscle strength. AB - Maximal static inspiratory and expiratory pressures (Pimax and Pemax) were measured in six different positions in 40 patients with advanced chronic airflow limitation and in 140 normal subjects to determine whether posture influences respiratory muscle strength. Patients with chronic airflow limitation were studied on days 1 and 5 of an acute exacerbation. There was no postural effect on maximal static pressures in the normal subjects. We divided our patients with chronic airflow limitation into "moderate" and "severe" groups on the basis of a Pimax in the standing position greater or less than 35 cm H2O. The seated leaning forward position was the preferred posture in 22 of the 23 "severe" patients and 13 of the 17 "moderate" patients. Pimax was greater in the seated leaning-forward position than in the other positions studied (p less than 0.001) on days 1 and 5 in the "severe" patients and (p less than 0.05) on day 5 in the "moderate" patients. Posture had no influence on Pemax in patients with chronic airflow limitation. There was a significant improvement in both Pimax (p less than 0.01 for the "severe" group and p less than 0.05 for the "moderate" group) and Pemax (p less than 0.01 for both groups) between days 1 and 5. The seated leaning forward position was the optimum posture for the patients to generate maximum inspiratory pressures and to obtain greatest subjective relief of dyspnoea. PMID- 6612652 TI - Frequency of venous thrombosis in patients with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive lung disease. AB - The presence or absence of venous thrombosis was determined in 29 patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive lung disease by the technique of autologous platelet labelling with indium-111. Deep venous thrombosis was diagnosed in 13 patients and in nine of these patients thrombosis was located proximal to the knee--that is, in areas associated with an appreciable risk of pulmonary embolism. One patient died; pulmonary emboli were found at postmortem examination. The incidence of venous thrombosis seen in this study is high enough to suggest that these patients may benefit from prophylactic antithrombotic treatment. PMID- 6612653 TI - Flow-volume curves and sleep-disordered breathing: therapeutic implications. AB - To assess the relationship of abnormal flow-volume curves during awake periods to the clinical severity of sleep-disordered breathing and the need for surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea, flow-volume curves were measured in 72 adults with obstructive apnoea. Patients in whom surgery was recommended for standard clinical indications had significantly lower inspiratory flow rates (p less than 0.01) and a higher incidence of flow-volume curves indicating extrathoracic airway obstruction (p less than 0.01) than did non-surgical patients. These abnormal flow-volume curves correlated with an increased severity of nocturnal oxygen desaturation (p less than 0.01). Furthermore, increases in inspiratory flow rates measured serially in 22 patients were related to improvement in their polysomnography (p less than 0.05), suggesting that alterations of airway function during awake periods correlate with changes in the severity of sleep apnoea. PMID- 6612654 TI - Mineralogical analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as an aid to diagnosis of "imported" pleural asbestosis. PMID- 6612655 TI - Peptic ulceration affecting the left ventricle. PMID- 6612656 TI - Intrapulmonary teratoma 10 years after removal of a mediastinal teratoma in a young man. PMID- 6612657 TI - Dysphagia complicating malignant mesothelioma. PMID- 6612658 TI - Pleurectomy in the management of massive pleural effusion associated with primary lymphoedema: demonstration of abnormal pleural lymphatics. PMID- 6612659 TI - The Fogarty balloon technique for the control of endobronchial bleeding. PMID- 6612660 TI - [Pharmacokinetic study of a new antiarrhythmic drug, cibenzoline, during the acute phase of myocardial infarction. Therapeutic correlations]. PMID- 6612661 TI - [Diffusion of gentamicin and tobramycin in the plasma and ascitic fluid of cirrhotic patients. Influence of the route of administration]. PMID- 6612662 TI - [Influence of the aspirin-dipyridamole combination in man and animal on their respective blood kinetics]. PMID- 6612663 TI - [Pindolol-clopamide combination in the treatment of arterial hypertension. Clinical study]. PMID- 6612664 TI - [Treatment of urinary infections. Current aspects]. PMID- 6612665 TI - [Adverse effects of drugs used in the treatment of urinary infections]. PMID- 6612666 TI - [Drug by drug imputation of adverse effects in drug monitoring. Attempted comparison of different methods]. PMID- 6612667 TI - [Imputability in drug monitoring. Principles of the balanced drug reaction assessment method and principal errors to avoid]. PMID- 6612668 TI - [Necessity and difficulties of quantitative drug monitoring]. PMID- 6612671 TI - The endoendothelial fibrin lining. Symposium of the XII. European Conference on Microcirculation, Jerusalem, 5-10 September 1982. PMID- 6612669 TI - [Drug-induced neuropsychic disorders in a hospital environment. Retrospective study during a 6-month period]. PMID- 6612670 TI - [Is alpha 1-acid glycoprotein changed by carbamazepine?]. PMID- 6612672 TI - A note on observations concerning the existence of the endoendothelial fibrin lining. PMID- 6612673 TI - Biorheological aspect in relation to endoendothelial fibrin lining. AB - In connection with the findings of Copley et al. on the reduction of the apparent viscosity of blood, plasma and serum in contact with fibrin, a theoretical analysis of a Newtonian flow through a fibrin-coated tube was developed, taking into account the electric double layer between the fibrin layer and blood. the Gouy-Chapman model for the diffuse double layer was introduced instead of the Helmholtz model. It is shown that the reduction of the apparent viscosity is governed by an "electric double layer parameter" a, which is proportional to the term sigma'zeta/R. zeta is the zeta potential, R is the radius of the tube, and sigma' is the positive surface charge density corresponding to the fixed negative density on the fibrin layer. PMID- 6612674 TI - The vascular endothelium as an inhibitor of thrombin. AB - Uptake and inhibition of thrombin on the endothelium of porcine aorta was studied in vitro. The thrombin was labelled with 125J and its enzyme activity was measured with an amidolytic assay. After exposure to the aorta both the enzyme activity and radioactivity disappeared from the solution and were recovered as surface bound activities. The rate of inhibition of the surface bound thrombin was determined in presence or absence of plasma. In presence of plasma the endothelially confined enzymatic activity was rapidly inhibited, no enzymatic activity was recovered in plasma. The surface bound radioactivity, however, decreased slowly and was recovered in plasma. In absence of plasma only slow inhibition took place. It is concluded that thrombin taken up on the endothelium is rapidly inhibited there by an interaction with plasma and then released in an inactivated state. An alternative conclusion, based on the anticoagulant and antithrombotic actions of the endothelial fibrin lining is briefly discussed. PMID- 6612675 TI - The endoendothelial lining as studied by a fluorescent labeling technique in situ. AB - The microcirculatory blood vessels of the exposed rat mesentery were observed by intravital microscopy using incident fluorescence excitation and transmitting bright field illumination. Fibrinogen conjugated with the fluorescent dye Fluorescein-Isothiocyanate and injected intravenously was found to accumulate at the vessel wall mostly at the inner lining of venules. The accumulation did not occur in an uniform manner, but appeared as circumscribed streaks, nets and bands in some areas whereas other parts of the microcirculation remained free of any fibrinogen wall adherence. Heparin pretreatment did not influence the phenomena. Blocking the fibrinolytic activity of the blood increased the fibrinogen deposition. Fibronectin labeled with a second fluorescent dye, Rhodamin B Isothiocyanate, could be differentiated from fibrinogen in the same animal. Both proteins accumulated at the same places of the vessels inner lining. Since albumin and gamma globulin did not show any affinities to the vessel wall, we postulate receptors for fibrinogen and fibronectin at the endoendothelial surface of the microcirculatory endothelial cells. PMID- 6612676 TI - Antithrombin III synthesis in rat liver parenchymal cells. AB - We have previously demonstrated by immunoperoxydase the presence of immunoreactive antithrombin III (AT III) in rat hepatocytes. We now present direct evidence that rat hepatocytes in culture synthesize AT III like immunoreactive material : 35S-methionine was added to the culture medium and incubated with hepatocytes. After incubation, AT III was immunologically characterized in the medium. We found significant amounts of 35S-AT III among the radioactive proteins synthesized and secreted by the cells. PMID- 6612677 TI - Effects of ketanserin and mepyramine on platelet aggregation and on the uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine into platelets. AB - We have determined the effects of ketanserin, a 5HT2 antagonist, and of mepyramine, a histamine H1 antagonist, on the aggregation induced in platelet rich plasma by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and by combinations of 5HT and ADP. Both ketanserin and mepyramine inhibited 5HT-induced aggregation and the 5HT component of the aggregation induced by combinations of 5HT and ADP. Both agents also inhibited the second phase of the aggregation induced by ADP alone but higher concentrations of the agents were required. On a molar basis, ketanserin was always a more potent inhibitor of aggregation than mepyramine. Ketanserin did not consistently inhibit the ADP-induced release reaction nor did it inhibit ADP-induced aggregation in aspirin-treated platelets that were unable to undergo a release reaction. The results suggest that 5HT2 receptors are involved in 5HT-induced aggregation and that the platelets' endogenous 5HT may contribute to the second phase of ADP-induced aggregation. We have also compared the effects of ketanserin and mepyramine on 5HT uptake into platelets. In this case mepyramine was a much more potent inhibitor than ketanserin. The different effectiveness of ketanserin and mepyramine as inhibitors of aggregation and 5HT uptake provides further evidence for different 5HT receptors for these two processes, and indicates that those involved in the 5HT uptake may be more akin to histamine H1 receptors. PMID- 6612678 TI - Evidence for appearance of "lysis independent" procoagulant activities in collagen or thrombin stimulated platelets. AB - The availability of procoagulant activities in platelet suspensions lysed by sonication correlated directly with the degree of lysis (loss of LDH and 51Cr). Separate measurements of platelet factor 3 (PF3) and Factor V/Va activity revealed significant differences in appearance of these platelet activities in sonicated cell suspensions. Platelet factor 3 activity increased almost in parallel to the loss of 51Cr, whereas Factor V/Va activity became available at a significant slower rate. This might be explained by the localization of Factor V/Va activities inside the alpha-granules and therefore not immediately available on the surface of the partially lysed platelets. No increase in lactate dehydrogenase or 51Cr-loss was observed during 12 min incubation of platelet suspension with collagen or thrombin, whereas both PF3 and Factor V/Va activities increased. Thus, the high platelet factor 3 activity of 34% (lysed platelets 100%) measured in thrombin stimulated platelet suspensions probably represents "lysis-independent" activity. PMID- 6612680 TI - Effects of verapamil on platelet aggregation, ATP release and thromboxane generation. AB - We examined the effects of verapamil on platelet function. Verapamil (0.5 micrograms/ml) in this study inhibited platelet aggregation induced by threshold amounts of ADP, AA, and epinephrine. With higher concentrations of aggregating stimuli, verapamil caused a dose-dependent inhibition of aggregation. Verapamil reduced the extent of epinephrine-induced primary wave, but not that by ADP. Ristocetin-induced aggregation was not affected at any concentration of verapamil. Platelet ATP release induced by AA and ADP was also inhibited. In vitro platelet TXA2 generation was inhibited by verapamil in concentrations lower than those required for inhibition of aggregation. PMID- 6612679 TI - Hirudin from leech heads and whole leeches and "pseudo-hirudin" from leech bodies. AB - Hirudin from whole leeches behaves like hirudin from leech heads and "pseudohirudin" from leech bodies during isolation and purification by means of acetone and ethanol fractionation, affinity chromatography on trypsin-Sepharose, and isoelectric focusing. However, the antithrombin activity of the hirudin fractions obtained after isoelectric focusing was approximately three times lower than that of the corresponding hirudin fractions from the heads. The "pseudohirudin" fractions had practically no antithrombin activity. In hirudin from whole leeches isoleucine and valine were identified as the N-terminal amino acid. Isoleucine was identified as the dominant amino acid in hirudin from leech heads. The dominant N-terminal amino acid in "pseudohirudin" from leech bodies was valine. The data on antithrombin activity and N-terminal amino acids indicate that hirudin from whole leeches contains admixtures of inactive "pseudohirudin". In contrast to hirudin from leech heads, "pseudohirudin" represents associates of di- and three-isomers. The molecular weight of the "pseudohirudin" molecule is 2000 lower than the molecular weight of hirudin, which corresponds to a difference of 20 amino acid residues, calculated from the total number of amino acid residues in the preparations. PMID- 6612681 TI - Protein phosphorylation and diglyceride production during serotonin release induced by epinephrine plus ADP in human platelets. AB - Epinephrine (1 microM) plus ADP (5 microM) induced serotonin release from human platelets although neither epinephrine nor ADP alone brought about such a release. During this release reaction, the phosphorylation of 40K-dalton protein was induced to an extent similar to that induced by 0.5 unit/ml thrombin. The amount of diglyceride (DG) produced by epinephrine plus ADP, however, was much smaller than that produced by thrombin. The reaction velocities of these reactions induced by epinephrine plus ADP were slower than those induced by thrombin. Epinephrine or ADP alone hardly produced any DG and induced 40K-dalton protein phosphorylation only slightly. Indomethacin (1 microgram/ml), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, remarkably inhibited epinephrine plus ADP induced serotonin release, 40K-dalton protein phosphorylation and DG production although this agent had little effect on the same reactions induced by thrombin. These results suggest that prostaglandin endoperoxides or thromboxane A2 may be involved in serotonin release, 40K-dalton protein phosphorylation and DG production induced by epinephrine plus ADP. PMID- 6612682 TI - Rapid estimation of soluble fibrin monomer complexes by high performance liquid chromatography for the purpose of early detection of DIC. AB - Hypercoagulability and DIC are characterized by the presence of SFMC in plasma. We have devised a more rapid method with a quantitative estimation of SFMC by use of HPLC. The normal percentage of SFMC of total fibrinogen content was 2.2 +/- 0.8% in plasma. On the other hand, the amount of SFMC in DIC patients showed a level of 6.8% to 16.7%. The level of SFMC in the third postoperative day after gastrointestinal surgery was between 2.3% and 6.1%. These moderately elevated SFMC levels were suggested to be due to the state of hypercoagulability. Thus, the measurement of SFMC with HPLC is a very useful method to analyze hypercoagulability and DIC. PMID- 6612683 TI - Heparin quantitation by rapid non-immunologic rocket precipitin electrophoresis. PMID- 6612684 TI - Isolation and properties of a new anticoagulant protein from commercial bovine testicular hyaluronidase. AB - Bovine testicular hyaluronidase from various commercial sources showed the presence of an inhibitor of human plasma prothrombin time (PT). A testicular anticoagulant protein (TAP) was isolated from it by a 3-step procedure. The material was first passed through conconavalin-A-sepharose affinity chromatography where the anticoagulant material was separated from the hyaluronidase and protease which were retained by the column. In the second step the lower molecular weight proteins were removed by ultrafiltration. The supernatant which contained the anticoagulant protein was passed through the carboxymethyl cellulose column and the active material was eluted by 0.4 M NaCl solution. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis gave a molecular weight of approximately 35000. Unlike many small molecular weight proteins from bovine testes, TAP looses its anticoagulant property by heating for 30 minutes at 55 degrees C or by storage at pH 3.0 for 2 hours and it does not inhibit trypsin or thrombin. Its isoelectric pH was 9.7. Diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) treated TAP was not effective as an anticoagulant. PMID- 6612686 TI - Increase in blood viscosity due to alcohol drinking. AB - To elucidate the effects of alcohol on thrombotic diseases we focussed on blood rheology which is one of the most important factors of blood flow. We measured the viscosity of whole blood and plasma of 18 healthy volunteers (11 males and 7 females) before and after drinking at a dinner party. There were significant increases in whole blood viscosity (7.4%, P less than 0.005) and plasma viscosity (3.0%, P less than 0.005) after drinking. Judging from the significant correlations between changes in blood viscosity and changes in variables related to hemoconcentration, the ability of alcohol to increase blood viscosity is considered to be due mainly to hemoconcentration. Alcohol itself did not increase whole blood viscosity in vitro at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4% (w/v). PMID- 6612685 TI - Interaction of fibrinogen with mercury. AB - The interaction of bovine fibrinogen with mercuric chloride was studied. Gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 revealed that fibrinogen bound twice the amount of mercury such as fibrin or fibrin monomers (8.8, 4.5, and 3.4 micrograms Hg2+ ions/mg protein, respectively). Fibrinogen complexed with mercury or in the presence of Hg2+ ions at concentration above 10-6 M was clotted by thrombin more effectively than in the control system which was devoid of this metal. Reaggregation of the purified fibrin monomers was not affected by mercury. PMID- 6612687 TI - Sex-related differences in platelet morphology in whole blood (WB) and platelet rich plasma (PRP). AB - The proportion of smooth, disc-shaped platelets (D) in freshly drawn, glutaraldehyde fixed whole blood (WB) and citrated platelet-rich plasma prepared at 37 degrees C is compared for male (N = 55) and female (N = 31) donors. Female donors have significantly more %D than male donors and the variability in %D measured on repeated occasions over a period of 3-69 months is less for female donors. WB and PRP gave similar results. The sex-related differences in %D were not related to hematocrit or to concomitant use of oral contraceptives. There were no significant sex-related differences in platelet mean volume or in platelet plasma membrane surface area as determined by the osmotic spherocyte method. However, the volume of D is smaller for male donors. It is concluded that the sex-related differences in platelet morphology do not represent intrinsic differences in platelet size or measurable total plasma membrane but represent a selective shape change activation of the larger D in the circulation of male donors. The significance of these observations for the sex-related differences in risk of cardiovascular disease and efficacy of anti-thrombotic therapy awaits appropriate prospective epidemiological studies. PMID- 6612688 TI - The effects of a vegetarian diet on platelet function and fatty acids. AB - Nine healthy subjects taking an average mixed "Western" diet were placed on a vegetarian diet poor in arachidonic acid for four weeks. All animal and marine foods except for cows milk and milk products were excluded. Platelet aggregation responses to arachidonic acid and epinephrine increased slightly whereas responses to ADP and collagen were unchanged. Platelet thromboxane production, platelet counts, serum LDL cholesterol and triglycerides did not change but total and HDL serum cholesterol levels fell significantly. There was a significant rise in platelet arachidonic acid content but other platelet fatty acids did not change significantly. A reduction in dietary arachidonic acid did not inhibit platelet aggregation or thromboxane production. PMID- 6612690 TI - Turnover of histidine-rich glycoprotein during heparin administration in man. PMID- 6612689 TI - The effect of variable fat diets and cholesterol-lowering drugs on Antithrombin III levels in hyperlipoproteinemic and normal subjects. AB - Functional and immunological Antithrombin III (AT III) levels were studied in normal and hyperlipoproteinemic subjects undergoing crossover therapeutic trials of either diets or hypocholesterolemic drugs. The diet trial subjects, 7 hyperlipoproteinemics and 15 normals, were randomly assigned to crossover between a high saturated fat diet (P/S ratio 1:8) and a high polyunsaturated fat diet (P/S ratio 4:1) for periods of 6-8 weeks, preceded by a baseline period on regular American diet (P/S ratio 1:1). For the drug trials, 33 type II A or B hyperlipoproteinemics were treated in random and double-blind fashion with Colestipol (20 gm/day) or both, for periods of 3 months, preceded by a double placebo period. Mean low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly different (p less than 0.001) between high saturated and high polyunsaturated fat diets (157 +/- 37 mg/dl vs 137 +/- 31 mg/dl respectively, mean +/- S.D.) and between placebo and drug treatment periods (226 +/- 51 mg/dl vs 183 +/- 44 mg/dl respectively, mean + S.D.). There was no difference in basal functional or immunological AT III levels between normal and hyperlipoproteinemics. AT III levels did not correlate significantly with cholesterol or triglyceride levels and remained unchanged despite significant reductions in serum cholesterol related to the diet and drug therapy. There appears to be no significant association between baseline or post treatment serum cholesterol levels and functional or immunological AT III. Thus, changes in AT III are unlikely to play a role in the link between hypercholesterolemia and thrombosis. PMID- 6612691 TI - Comparison of immunochemical and biological properties of human anti thrombin during blood clotting and upon interaction with exogenous thrombin. AB - Modification of immunological and biological properties of human antithrombin were studied in plasma-serum pairs and in defibrinated plasma supplemented with human thrombin. Modified antithrombin obtained through whole-blood clotting or upon addition of exogenous thrombin appeared the same with regards to its electrophoretic or biological properties. However, amounts of thrombin higher than that physiologically available, had to be used to obtain a "serum-like" antithrombin in thrombin supplemented plasma suggesting different pathways for this transformation. This was in agreement with the observation in plasma of a modification of antithrombin antigenic properties upon thrombin addition whereas no difference was demonstrated when comparing serum to normal plasma. It may be concluded that the inactivation of antithrombin and the appearance of electrophoretically modified forms in normal serum is not mainly due to the formation of enzyme-inhibitor complexes and therefore that proteolytically modified, enzyme-free forms of antithrombin demonstrated in purified systems (Fish et al. 1979) could be of physiological relevance. PMID- 6612692 TI - Changes of platelet cell volumes in hypotonic solution. AB - Changes of platelet cell volumes in hypotonic solution were studied by the use of a new apparatus for cell volume analysis. Continuous mean cell volume analyzer (CMA) is a computerized instrument which continuously counts the mean cell volume and records the results. Moreover, it also shows patterns of expansion or shrinkage. Adequate amounts of platelet rich plasma were added into 0.8 or 0.4% of NaCl solution containing 5mM phosphate buffer. The mean platelet volumes were measured continuously every 2 seconds for 200 seconds. In isotonic solution, platelets changed their volumes little, but in hypotonic solution, the volumes increased for about 20 seconds and then, decreased gradually. Platelet volume expansion ratio and shrinkage ratio were calculated from these patterns. The shrinkage ratio well corresponded to the values of hypotonic shock response measured by spectrophotometry (r = 0.861). Expansion and especially shrinkage ratios decreased during storage, and they were dependent on stored temperature and pH. PMID- 6612693 TI - The interaction of salicylate and vitamin K in synthesis of Factor II (prothrombin). AB - The effects of sodium salicylate on synthesis of a vitamin K-dependent plasma coagulation protein, Factor II (prothrombin) was studied using the isolated rat liver perfused for 10 hours in vitro. Cumulative synthesis of Factor II was measured by a standard coagulation assay, by activation with E. carinatus venom, and by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. When sodium salicylate 5 mg or 25 mg was added to the liver perfusate (volume 100 ml) at the outset of the perfusion, cumulative synthesis of both coagulation activity and immunoreactive protein was significantly less than that seen in control perfusions containing no salicylate. The inhibitory effect of salicylate was prevented by pretreatment of rat liver donors with supplemental vitamin K injected 24 hours before sacrifice. Although some interaction between salicylate and vitamin K was apparent from these experiments, the results from vitamin K-deficient rat liver donors were quite different from those containing salicylate. There was no assayable Factor II coagulation activity produced in 10 hours of perfusion of vitamin K-deficient rat livers, but cumulative synthesis of immunoreactive Factor II was quite comparable to that seen in control perfusions. PMID- 6612694 TI - Distribution of actin, myosin and actin binding protein in platelets of patients with hyperlipoproteinemia. AB - Significant anomalies in the quantity and relative distribution of the contractile proteins actin, myosin and actin binding protein (ABP) were observed in platelets obtained from patients with hyperbetalipoproteinemia (type IIa) and in patients with hypertriglyceridemia (type IV). Changes were observed in unfractionated platelets, (increased ABP in type IIa patients and increased actin in both type IIa and type IV) in isolated platelet membranes (increased ABP and actin in type IV, and increased myosin in type IIa) and in the KCl extract of platelets (increased actin in type IV and increased myosin in type IIa). The myosin ATPase specific activity was increased in platelets of type IV patients. No changes were observed in the concentrations and distribution of membrane glycoproteins in the platelets of these patients. The above anomalies in the contractile proteins might be relevant to the known functional anomalies of the platelets of patients with hyperlipoproteinemias. PMID- 6612695 TI - The megakaryocyte in thrombocytopenia: a microscopic study which supports the theory that platelets are produced in the pulmonary circulation. AB - Thrombocytopenia can increase platelet production and thereby facilitate investigations into the mechanism. Megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, lung, spleen and liver have been studied by light and transmission electron microscopy after 6 days of experimentally induced thrombocytopenia in the rabbit. The findings support the theory that platelets are produced in the pulmonary circulation by the physical fragmentation of megakaryocyte cytoplasm. PMID- 6612696 TI - Thrombin clotting time and fibrinogen concentration in patients treated with coumadin. AB - Thrombin clotting times and fibrinogen levels were measured in plasma from patients on chronic coumadin therapy who had prolonged prothrombin times. Thrombin clotting times were usually prolonged. Fibrinogen concentrations were generally elevated, but some were normal or even low. There was no evidence for disseminated intravascular coagulation. Comparison of thrombin clotting times and fibrinogen levels in normal plasma demonstrates that as fibrinogen concentration increases the thrombin clotting time lengthens. A similar correlation was found in many of the patients tested. PMID- 6612697 TI - The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of subcutaneously administered dihydroergotamine, heparin and the dihydroergotamine-heparin combination. AB - Subcutaneously administered dihydroergotamine (DHE) becomes rapidly and completely available to the human systemic circulation, with peak plasma levels of 1.4-3.5 ng/mL/mg achieved in less than 1 h. The elimination of DHE from plasma is biphasic, t 1/2 alpha = 1h, t 1/2 beta = 4-5 h. DHE exhibits linear dose proportionality. Coadministration of heparin results in a statistically significant increase of 25% in the area under the plasma level/time curve for DHE (bioavailability). Coinjection of DHE and heparin in the same subcutaneous site furthermore causes a decrease in the rate of DHE absorption by 63%, resulting in delayed time to peak (by 110%) and reduced peak levels (by 15%) of DHE. In contrast, there is no effect by coadministered DHE on heparin pharmacokinetic parameters. Heparin peak plasma levels (0.3 I.U./mL by activated factor X, 0.1 I.U./mL by protamine titration with a 15,000 I.U. s.c. bolus) are achieved in 3.6 h. Pharmacokinetic analysis suggests that the subcutaneous route of administration provides only 19% of the bioavailable heparin that would be obtained following administration of an equipotent intravenous dose. DHE-heparin formulated for injection in combination demonstrates systemic availability identical to that of the two components injected separately, but with a reduced rate of absorption for the DHE component and a corresponding attenuation of fluctuations in steady state DHE levels. PMID- 6612698 TI - Neutralization of heparin by histone and its subfractions. AB - The neutralization of heparin by histone and its subfractions has been systematically studied by measuring the effect of heparin on the esterolytic and proteolytic activity of thrombin. These results were compared with protamine sulfate, a most commonly used heparin-neutralizing agent. This study reveals that potencies of different fractions of histone are not similar. The antiheparin potency is in the order: lysine-rich histone greater than crude histone greater than arginine-rich histone. Histone binds strongly to heparin - Sepharose gel. The ability of histone to bind heparin can be utilized to fractionate heparin. By affinity chromatography on histone - Sepharose gel commercial heparin has been fractionated into components having a wide range of anticoagulant activities. The highest activity fraction, eluted around 1.0 NaCl, has 66% higher anticoagulant activity than the commercial heparin used. PMID- 6612699 TI - Evidence for the localization of a calcium-binding site in the amino-terminal disulphide knot of fibrin (ogen). AB - Human fibrinogen has three calcium-binding sites. Two of these are related to the carboxyl-terminal 13K ends of the gamma-chains. In order to investigate the possible localization of the third binding site in the central domain of fibrinogen, the amino-terminal disulphide knots (NDSK) of human fibrinogen and fibrin were prepared by cyanogen bromide degradation. Their calcium-binding properties were investigated by equilibrium dialysis. The NDSK's of fibrinogen and fibrin appeared to have 0.8 binding sites (Kd = 1.8 X 10(-4) M) and 0.9 binding sites (Kd = 3 X 10(-4) M), respectively. We conclude that the third calcium-binding site of fibrin(ogen) is located in the central symmetrical domain of the molecule (NDSK). PMID- 6612700 TI - Filter bleeding time: a new in vitro test of hemostasis. I. Evaluation in normal and thrombocytopenic subjects. AB - Disadvantages of current bleeding time methods include poor reproducibility, limited repeatability, and at times scar formation. We report a new, in vitro technique which circumvents these problems. Venous blood is collected in sodium citrate, stored capped in a siliconized tube at 37 degrees C until use, and made to flow under constant pressure through a filter of Woven Dacron. Flow rate progressively falls as platelet aggregates occlude the filter, as verified by scanning electron microscopy and 111Indium-labeled platelet radioactivity of the filter. Filter bleeding time (FBT) was 4.33 +/- 1.79 (means x +/- SD) min in 23 healthy human volunteers and 3.08 +/- 1.08 min in 14 normal dogs. Bleeding volume (BV) (number of drops) was 29 +/- 12 in the humans and 16 +/- 6 in the dogs. Initial bleeding rate (IBR) (number of drops during first minute) was 14 +/- 3 in citrated blood and 25 +/- 5 drops/min in EDTA blood of the humans (P = 9 X 10( 10)), 8 +/- 2 in citrated blood and 14 +/- 6 drops/min in EDTA blood of the dogs (P = .0004). Percent platelet reduction during passage of blood through the filter (PCR) was 27.5 +/- 7.2 in citrated blood and 4.9 +/- 2.6 in EDTA blood of the humans (P = 2 X 10(-12)), while in dogs it was 25.7 +/- 8.3 in citrated blood and 5.3 +/- 4.2 in EDTA blood (P = 8 X 10(-7)). The results of these parameters using human platelet rich plasmas (PRPs) were similar to those with human whole blood, but significant decrease of drop rate was not observed in canine PRPs during passage of PRP through the filter. FBT, BV, and IBR were correlated (r = 0.91, -0.84 and -0.62 respectively) with platelet count in 12 specimens obtained from 4 dogs in which thrombocytopenia (107 to 4 X 10(3) platelets/microliter) was induced by estradiol. This new test is unaffected by specimen transport by pneumatic tube, is sensitive to platelets, and should be useful for analysis of both quantitative and qualitative platelet abnormalities in man. PMID- 6612702 TI - [Paramedian laparotomy followed by abomasopexy as treatment method for displacement of the abomasum in productive dairy cattle]. AB - A field procedure for the surgical treatment of abomasal displacements is discussed. Sixty dairy cows were treated by paramedian laparotomy with abomasopexy. The surgery was successful in 55 animals. PMID- 6612701 TI - [Cancer in dogs and cats. III. General aspects of therapy]. AB - Factors influencing the choice of a particularly therapy of malignant disease in dogs and cats are separately discussed and reviewed in conjunction with each other. The form and stage of malignant disease, the condition of the patient, the attitude of the owner and that of the veterinarian, the availability and risks of tumour therapy and the organization of veterinary health care are briefly discussed. Increase co-operation, national and international, by various disciplines of veterinary science, is essential in improving the treatment of cancer in small animals. PMID- 6612703 TI - [An outbreak of 'pink eye' or infectious ovine keratoconjunctivitis]. PMID- 6612704 TI - [Insecticides in relation to summer mastitis]. PMID- 6612705 TI - Soluble HLA antigens not detected in human immunoglobulin preparations. AB - Immunoglobulin concentrates prepared from subjects of known HLA specificity were assayed for the presence of soluble HLA antigens by the inhibition of cytotoxic HLA alloantisera using a microabsorption procedure. The immunoglobulin preparations inhibited alloantisera of all specificities tested, regardless of the HLA type of the immunoglobulin donor, indicating that the observed inhibition was non-specific. Addition of extra complement reduced the inhibitory effects of the immunoglobulin concentrates. It is concluded that the inhibition of HLA alloantisera demonstrated by this technique is due to the anticomplementary activity of the immunoglobulin preparations, rather than their content of specific soluble HLA antigens. PMID- 6612706 TI - The atrial proliferative response following partial ventricular amputation in the heart of the adult newt. A light and electron microscopic autoradiographic study. AB - This investigation characterizes the atrial proliferative response following partial ventricular amputation in adult newts. Newts processed for light microscopic autoradiography were given either a single injection (SI) of 3H thymidine 1 hr before fixation and killed at intervals up to 25 days after ventricular wounding or were given six injections (MU), one every 12 hr, and fixed at intervals up to 21 days. Atria processed for EM autoradiography (EMA) were removed 1 hr after injection and 15 days after wounding. Mitotic (MI) and thymidine-labeling indices (TI) were calculated for the epicardium, subepicardial CT and myocardium of both atria. Sham-operated and unoperated animals served as controls. There was no localization of labeled or mitotic cells within the atria of SI or MU animals (P greater than 0.16) for any cell type. MI and TI for the epicardial and CT cells did not differ from sham-operated controls (P greater than 0.35). A maximum TI of 6.4% and MI of 0.4% was observed in the atrial myocardium of SI animals on day 15. A maximum TI of 13.8 and 5.9% was observed for the left and right atrial myocardium, respectively, of MI animals on day 12. EMA confirmed that atrial myocytes were engaging in mitosis and DNA synthesis. PMID- 6612707 TI - Intracellular polycationic molecules cause reversible swelling of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. AB - The microinjection of polycationic but not anionic molecules causes swelling of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in salivary gland cells of a fly larva. Ca EGTA buffers, lanthanum chloride, lysozyme, bovine serum albumin, cationic and anionic ferritin were microinjected into salivary gland cells and their effects observed by light and electron microscopy. Immediately after the microinjection of polycationic molecules, the cytoplasm changed from transparent to opaque as the RER became swollen. Binding of polycationic molecules to the RER may cause the membrane to become permeable to some solute and swell due to osmotic forces. PMID- 6612708 TI - Oenocyte differentiation correlated with the formation of ectodermal coating in the embryo of a cockroach. AB - The first signs of 'embryonic membrane' deposition could be observed at the 11th/12th stage of the embryonic development, while serosal apolysis occurs, and the first signs of oenocyte differentiation could be detected at the 15th stage. When pleuropodial cuticle deposition occurs, at the 16th stage, there is a rapid increase in the number of differentiating oenocytes. At the 19th stage there are some fully differentiated oenocytics, whereas, just before the cuticulin layer of the embryonic cuticle is laid down, another wave of oenocyte differentiation could be observed. The differentiation process of oenocytes and of vertebrate cells with a rapid cell membrane biogenesis (steroid secreting cells and hepatocytes) are compared. The correlation of oenocyte differentiation with ectodermal coating deposition, with molting hormone titer and with prothoracic gland differentiation is discussed. PMID- 6612709 TI - Morphological pattern of response after administration of procarbazine: alteration of specific cell associations during the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium of the rat. AB - Procarbazine, an anti-cancer agent, administered intraperitoneally to adult, male rats induced a characteristic morphological pattern of response in the seminiferous epithelium. Seminiferous tubules of rats receiving 100 mg/kg procarbazine and higher dosages displayed spermatids which were less mature than those normally found within seminiferous tubules which show a particular cell association. Early spermatids in steps 1-7 of spermiogenesis appeared arrested in their development and were present in cell associations which had advanced normally. The most probable cause of this apparent germ cell arrest was a retardation of acrosomal development since procarbazine is known to affect RNA and consequently protein synthesis. Other features which indicated defective RNA synthesis were the presence of abnormal spermatid nucleoli and abnormally configured chromatoid bodies. This study demonstrates, in contrast to what is indicated by present dogma, that apparent and temporary germ cell arrest may occur under certain deleterious conditions. It also illustrates that particular cell types within a cell association may be out of synchrony with the remainder of the cells in a cell association. PMID- 6612710 TI - Ultrastructural localization of calcium, by electron-probe X-ray microanalysis, in the small intestine of suckling rats. AB - The subcellular distribution of calcium has been investigated in samples, from the intestinal mucosa of 10-day rats, prepared for X-ray microanalysis by various techniques designed to minimize the loss of this element. Calcium retention and its threshold of detection was most satisfactory in freeze-dried frozen thin sections. In resin-embedded samples the best retention of calcium was found in specimens fixed in absolute ethanol, embedded without osmication, and sectioned onto glycerol. The results of this investigation indicate the presence of calcium in the supranuclear vacuole of enterocytes in the distal intestine of the neonatal rat. This calcium is probably taken up during the endocytosis of material from the intestinal lumen. The same mechanism may also be important in the uptake of other metals by suckling animals. PMID- 6612711 TI - The infrastructure of aortic elastic fibers. AB - Elastic fibers are composed of a central core of elastin that is amorphous and electron-lucent in conventional transmission electron micrographs and peripheral microfibrils. A complex infrastructure within the amorphous elastin of mature rat aorta is made visible by fixation and staining with a glutaraldehyde-ruthenium red mixture in phosphate buffer or osmium-ruthenium red in cacodylate buffer. The infrastructure is composed of at least two interlacing but distinct elastic structural components; a framework of circumferentially orientated microfibrils and a three-dimensional meshwork of filaments that permeate the fiber. The latter resembles a reticulum that has previously been observed in freeze-fractured and negatively stained elastin and attributed to the supramolecular organization of elastin. Microfibrils also extend from the core of the elastic fiber into the surrounding matrix where they appear to function as anchoring fibers. These observations indicate that the elastic properties of the arterial wall are an integrated function of both elastin and microfibrils. PMID- 6612712 TI - Cell types in peripheral blood of the nurse shark: an approach to structure and function. AB - Ultrastructural and functional studies were carried out on nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum) peripheral blood cells in order ot identify cells of definitive morphology and specific function. Along with erythrocytes and thrombocytes, four morphologically distinct leucocytes are recognized in peripheral blood: two types of granulocytes, the 'eosiniphil' and the 'granulocyte', and two mononuclear agranulocytic cells, one resembling mammalian macrophage and monocyte, the other resembling mammalian lymphocyte. Also present in peripheral circulation are blast-like cells and mitotic cells. In vitro phagocytosis was demonstrated by the monocyte-macrophage and the granulocyte while thrombocytes, eosinophils and lymphocytes showed no phagocytic activity in the system studied. It is stressed that care must be used in drawing functional analogies between blood cells of a mammal and an elasmobranch on the basis of morphological similarity alone. PMID- 6612713 TI - Organization of the cuticle of an aquatic fly larva. AB - The aquatic, apneustic larva of the midge, Chironomus riparius, has a very thin (up to 5 micrometers), readily deformable, post-cephalic cuticle. The ultrastructure of this cuticle from newly moulted and older final instar animals, and exuvia shed at pupation, has been examined using routine methods and also after the extraction of proteins with formamide and acetic acid. From the results described, and using established criteria, it is inferred that an exocuticle is present and represents about 25% of the thickness of the mature procuticle, the remainder being endocuticle. Therefore, it would seem that this exceptionally delicate cuticle conforms to the conventional plan of tanned or sclerotized solid cuticles, unlike those reported in the larvae of cyclorrhaphous dipterans such as blowflies or other soft-bodied insects. This is the first account, using experimental techniques, of the fine structure of sectioned cuticle from nematocerous dipteran larvae. It also indicates the value of the exuvium as a source of information about cuticle structure. PMID- 6612714 TI - Charged sieving by the basal lamina and the distribution of anionic sites on the external surfaces of fat body cells. AB - The distribution of anionic sites on the basal lamina has been examined with highly cationic ferritin. The penetration of ferritins, with a range of charges from anionic to highly cationic, through the basal lamina into the spaces between fat body cells in an insect is correlated with the charge of the tracer. The anionic sites of the basal lamina may therefore affect the composition of the lymph that bathes the fat body cells. There was more cationic ferritin bound to the plasma membrane reticular reticular system than to the lateral plasma membranes, suggesting that there may be regional differences in surface charge. PMID- 6612716 TI - Endocrinological and histological aspects of the process of polycystic ovary formation in the rat treated with testosterone propionate. AB - To elucidate the process underlying polycystic ovary (PCO) syndrome, we tried to produce experimental PCO by sterilizing rats with androgen and investigated the formation of PCO endocrinologically and histologically. Wistar-Imamichi strain female rats were given an injection of testosterone propionate 1.25 mg on 5 days of age. On 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 130, 160, 200 days after the injection the ovaries were obtained. Ovarian wedge resection was also performed at 100 and 200 day-rats. Serum gonadotropins, prolactin and steroids were measured with RIA and compared with ovarian pathology. Serum prolactin was increased drastically 40 days after the injection and maintained at a constant level higher than control. Through wedge resection, the serum LH level returned to normal, but FSH slightly increased. Serum estradiol decreased more markedly than estrone did. The 40 day ovaries showed polycystic features, lack of corpus luteum, hyperthecosis, luteinization of stroma, while no thickening of tunica albuginea. In conclusion, the rats treated with testosterone propionate had many endocrinological and histological aspects similar to those of human PCO syndrome. PMID- 6612715 TI - The effect of adrenergic and cholinergic drugs on methacholine- and histamine induced bronchoconstriction in monkeys. AB - The effect of adrenergic and cholinergic drugs on bronchial contraction of monkeys was studied using bronchoconstriction induced by aerosol challenge with methacholine and histamine. Under the anesthesia with ketamine hydrochloride, changes in the total respiratory resistance were continuously measured in monkeys to estimate the bronchial response to both histamine and methacholine. Isoprenaline decreased bronchial susceptibility to aerosol challenge with both methacholine and histamine. Isoprenaline was also potent in antagonizing the bronchoconstriction induced by methacholine and histamine. Atropine decreased bronchial susceptibility to aerosol challenge with methacholine and also partially with histamine. Atropine also antagonized the bronchoconstriction induced by methacholine, but not by histamine. Phentolamine had neither inhibitory effects on the aerosol challenge with methacholine and histamine, nor produced an antagonistic effect on bronchoconstriction induced with methacholine and histamine. PMID- 6612717 TI - Motor reaction time as a measure of rapid force generation of a muscle. AB - Motor reaction time (MT) of the vastus medialis, latency from the EMG onset to initiation of the actual movement of the lower leg, was examined for 19 normal subjects during rapid extension of the knee joint at various angles from 90 degrees to 0 degrees in the sitting posture. Muscular tension produced by maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) was measured at 80 degrees of the knee joint for 19 subjects. Also, EMG activities during period of MT were integrated at each angle of the knee for five subjects. MT correlated linearly with the integrated EMG, indicating that MT was a variable representing muscular force required for initiation of the movement. MT increased with extension of the knee and the increment was attributed to the increased effective load of the lower leg due to gravity in the range from 90 degrees to 30 degrees of knee flexion. Thus, MT could be defined solely by the external load against the movement in the mid range of the joint angle. Moreover, at 80 degrees knee flexion MT did not relate to MVC. It is suggested that MT provides a useful means to evaluate a muscular function in rapid movement and is applicable to both normal and pathological situations. PMID- 6612718 TI - Aortography by radial artery injection in infants with anomalies of the aortic arch. AB - Aortography by radial artery injection was performed in 22 infants and one child with congenital heart disease. The left radial artery was used in 20 cases and the right radial artery was used in 3 cases. This method visualized the following aortic arch anomalies: coarctation of the aorta in 4 patients, interrupted aortic arch in one, patent ductus arteriosus in 10, patency of the left Blalock-Taussig shunt in one and anomalous origin of the right subclavian artery in one. An injection of the contrast material into the right radial artery in one case failed to visualize coarctation of the aorta, which was confirmed by retrograde catheterization. Retrograde aortography has been necessary for diagnosis of aortic arch anomalies, but it is not so easy to perform and carries a risk of arterial thrombosis. Aortography by radial artery injection is relatively easy to perform, less invasive and has no severe complications. It is concluded that aortography by radial artery injection is a useful method for diagnosis of anomalies of the aortic arch in neonates and children. PMID- 6612719 TI - Individual difference of seminal plasma detected with crossed immunoelectrophoresis. AB - Seminal plasma from 120 subjects was examined by crossed immunoelectrophoresis using anti-seminal plasma. The samples were divided into two groups depending on a precipitation line which migrated fast in the first dimension electrophoresis. This precipitation line showed an incidence of 48 percent and was proved to have no acid phosphatase, esterase or lactate dehydrogenase activity and was not stained with Schiff's reagent. Analysis with column chromatography, Sephadex G 200 and Sephadex G-50, revealed that molecular weight of the protein was about 10,000 dolton. The difference was not identified with the other methods; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and agarose immunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 6612720 TI - Fluorescein gonioangiography of newly formed vessels in the anterior chamber angle. AB - Fluorescein gonioangiography was performed in 20 eyes of 20 patients with various ocular disorders such as diabetic retinopathy, retinal vessel occlusion, traumatic angle recession, and granulomatous uveitis. It was clearly demonstrated that newly formed vessels in the anterior chamber angle originated from the ciliary body, and extended predominatingly onto the surface of the angle wall via ciliary body band. PMID- 6612721 TI - Properties of the inhibitory junction potentials recorded from smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig duodenum. AB - Inhibitory junction potentials (IJPs) in response to single or repetitive stimulation were recorded intracellularly from smooth muscles of the guinea-pig duodenum. The amplitude of the IJP was dependent on the stimulus intensity and duration. The hyperpolarization of up to 30 mV was evoked by a single pulse. The mean values of the latency, the fall time, the rate of hyperpolarization, the half decay time and the time constant for decay of the IJPs evoked by 0.3 msec stimulation were 67 msec, 130 msec, 86 mV/sec, 156 msec and 194 msec, respectively. The latency and the half decay time were slightly decreased by changes in the stimulus intensity and duration. When repetitive stimulation was applied at low frequencies, successive IJPs were evoked but their amplitudes were decreased gradually. The maximum amplitude of the hyperpolarization was increased with increasing the frequency of stimulation over than 10 Hz. The spike activity due to rebound excitation was potentiated at high frequency. Over 90% of the cells exhibited only the IJP without atropinization. The excitatory junction potentials and the complex type in response to a brief pulse were recorded from a few cells. These results suggest the predominant nonadrenergic inhibition on the duodenal smooth muscles. PMID- 6612722 TI - Inhibitory junction potentials of the guinea-pig duodenum in the treatment with catecholamines. AB - The inhibitory junction potentials (IJPs) in response to single and repetitive stimulation were recorded from the smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig duodenum intracellularly. In adrenaline and noradrenaline (10(-8)-10(-5) g/ml), the IJP could be evoked in spite of a hyperpolarization of the cell membrane. The amplitude of the IJP was slightly changed in these agents but not abolished. Similar results were obtained in isoprenaline (10(-5) g/ml) and phenylephrine (10(-5) g/ml). The IJPs evoked by single and repetitive stimulation were not blocked by phentolamine (10(-7) g/ml) and propranolol (10(-5) g/ml). In propranolol (10(-7)-10(-5)/g/ml), the membrane was depolarized and the amplitude and the rate of hyperpolarization in the IJP were decreased. The membrane potential was decreased and the amplitude of the IJP was slightly increased in the presence of guanethidine (10(-5) g/ml). The amplitude of the IJP was increased with increasing the concentration of tyramine (10(-6)-10(-5) g/ml). These results suggest that the transmitter released from the intramural inhibitory nerve in the duodenum is nonadrenergic and this type of inhibition seems to be independent from adrenergic inhibition. PMID- 6612723 TI - Enflurane induces contracture of in vitro muscle from a patient with malignant hyperthermia. AB - The possibility of enflurane being an inducer of malignant hyperthermia (MH) was examined by using the contracture test in in vitro muscle from a patient with MH. An administration of 2% enflurane elicited contracture in MH muscle and an elimination of enflurane relaxed this contracture. This result, therefore, strongly suggested that enflurane is the one of the trigger-agents for MH. PMID- 6612724 TI - [Topographic distribution of arsenous anhydride in pregnant mice using macroscopic autoradiography]. AB - Radioactive arsenic trioxide is given to pregnant mice in order to complete a recent pharmacokinetics study in the same species and to investigate an eventual transplacental passage, whole body autoradiographic study is performed in the mouse after a single administration of that compound considering its fast elimination process. Both in mice and foetus a fixation has particularly kept our attention: the radioactivity is well fixed in the bone marrow and it might be related to some malformations which occur in the newborns. PMID- 6612725 TI - [Hypo-oxygenation in paraquat poisoning. Apropos of 6 cases]. AB - The toxicity of the weed-killer paraquat is related to the formation of superoxyde radicals responsible of a progressive and usually lethal pulmonary fibrosis. Recognition of lipid peroxidation of membrane bilayers by free radicals as the causative factor pointed to oxygen as an important cofactor in the severity of paraquat poisoning. It has been shown that any FiO2 over 21% accelerates this process and increases the the mortality of rats and humans. FiO2 21% gave a significant reduction of mortality in rats (DOUZE 1976). We proposed this therapy (1978-1879) in 6 cases of paraquat poisoning. It was conducted with induction of a barbiturate coma, hypothermia, curarisation and hypo-oxygenation (FiO2 around 14% thanks to the adjunction of nitrogen to assisted ventilation). In 5/6 patients, these technics did not prevent the evolution towards death. This evolution was in fact predicted, according the following prognostic factors: suicide, more than a mouthful ingestion, oesophago-gastric burns detected by endoscopy, organic renal failure, high plasma paraquat level. Associated methods of elimination (Fuller's earth, provoked diarrhea, furosemide, hemoperfusion and hemodialysis) did not change the early established prognosis. The only survival was observed in an accidental poisoning with undetectable plasma paraquat and isolated oral burns: the herbicide had been probably spit out. This survival cannot be related to hypo-oxygenation. This failure is not definitive, according to us: this therapy should be undertaken only after minimal, accidental poisoning possibly evolving to pulmonary fibrosis. It appears unuseful in massive, suicidal poisonings, leading readily to a lethal circulatory failure. PMID- 6612726 TI - [Pulmonary intoxication by accidental inhalation of a household aerosol water repellent]. AB - Two young people, a 23 year man and his wife aged 21, are admitted in hospital because they complain of headache; nausea, dyspnea. These symptoms are related with the use of a water-reppellent spray in bad conditions; troubles appear because the product is used in an insufficiently ventilated room. At the admission time, the man suffers from coughing, polypnea, giddiness, the fever is 38 degrees, 3 C. The blood gas values are normal. The thoracic Xray is also normal. The woman is more affected the fever is 38,8 degrees C. The signs are worse and the blood value of Co is 5%. The blood gas values are: PO2 64,8 mm HG, SaO2 92,4%, PCO2 28,8 mm Hg. The chest Xray shows signs of acute pulmonary oedema. Corticoids and furosemide give a progressive improvement. 48 h later a favorable evolution is noted in the two cases. The german manufacturer of the product gave its composition which is as follows: - petrol 17,3% - essence 15,3% methylen chloride 13,7% - freon (trichlorofluoro-methane - dichlorofluoromethane) 42,2% - impregnant (melamine resin; organic methylic soap) 2,6% - propan butan 9,2%. The compound responsible for the symptomatology is petrol vapour which, if inhalated, is well known to produce pulmonary toxicity. The woman's condition was worse because she used the spray herself and therefore inhaled a lot a vapours. With this type of product the direction for use have to be strictly followed ie the operation must take place in a well ventilated room. PMID- 6612727 TI - [Lung diseases complicating acute poisoning with psychotropic drugs]. AB - 474 patients admitted in ICU between 1976 and 1981 were retrospectively analysed. Pneumonia (P) was assessed by condensation on chest X ray. P developed in 14,3%. 24 hours after admission 77,6% of P had appeared. Initial location was unilateral in 79,4% with predilection to the inferior half of the right lung. Fever was almost constant (89,5%). Promoting factors were observed: delay between ingestion and admission, vomiting and tracheobronchial embarrassment, coma depth. Recovery was simple in 83,3%. Among the 14 deads, 6 died because only of p, in 4 other P was aggravating. Duration in ICU was much longer when P was present (9 +/- 8,1 days) than when P was absent (2,5 +/- 2,1) p less than 0,001. PMID- 6612728 TI - Induction by morpholine of lysosomal alpha-mannosidase and acid phosphatase in rabbit alveolar macrophages in vivo and in vitro. AB - alpha-Mannosidase and acid phosphatase were induced in alveolar macrophages from the lungs of rabbits following exposure to morpholine. The induction was observed after inhalation of morpholine vapor or when macrophages were cultured in the presence of morpholine. Lysosomal hydrolases were not induced uniformly. In vivo, maximum induction of alpha-mannosidase and acid phosphatase in female rabbits was 1.7-fold and 2-fold, respectively, and in male rabbits, 3-fold and unchanged, respectively. In vitro, maximum hydrolase induction of alpha-mannosidase and acid phosphatase in macrophages from male rabbits was 1.4-fold and 1.3-fold, respectively, and from female rabbits, 1.3-fold and 1.5-fold, respectively. The induction of acid hydrolases in vitro was rapid, reaching a maximum within 4 hr in alveolar macrophages from male rabbits and within 8 hr in those from females. The induction was dose dependent. This study indicates that the lysosomal enzyme system of the alveolar macrophage may be stimulated by a low molecular weight xenobiotic. PMID- 6612729 TI - Di-n-butyltindichloride uncouples oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria. AB - In this study di-n-butyltindichloride (DBTC) was found to inhibit alpha-ketoacid stimulated response of rat liver mitochondria to the addition of ADP and the uncoupler carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl hydrazone (FCCP). The alpha ketoglutarate oxidation was already inhibited at a level of 0.8 nmol DBTC/mg protein. When succinate was used as substrate together with rotenone, the State 3 and FCCP stimulated oxidation were not inhibited by DBTC. But from a level of 8.3 nmol DBTC/mg protein, the State 4 respiration was increased. It is concluded that in low amounts DBTC specifically blocks alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenases, but higher concentrations of this compound uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. However, this uncoupling will be masked when the NADH production from substrate oxidation is decreased by DBTC as will be in case of alpha-ketoacids. PMID- 6612730 TI - Potentiation of ethanol toxicity by cyanamide in relation to acetaldehyde accumulation. AB - The possibility that acetaldehyde accumulation potentiates the acute toxicity of ethanol was studied by pretreating rats with cyanamide, an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor. At 30 min after administration of ethanol (7 to 9 g/kg, po), the levels of acetaldehyde in femoral venous blood of cyanamide-treated rats were increased from 10 to 20 to 600 mumol/liter and at death the concentrations of acetaldehyde in heart blood and cerebrospinal fluid were still 7 to 9 and 4 to 9 times higher, respectively, than in rats given ethanol only. The cyanamide pretreatment (25 mg/kg) significantly increased the mortality of rats given 6.5 to 7.0 g/kg ethanol and decreased the LD50 of ethanol from 7.3 to 5.9 g/kg. Cyanamide increased the late mortality, possibly because of sustained acetaldehyde accumulation. Although administration of the alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor, 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP, 10 mg/kg), prevented the accumulation of acetaldehyde, it only partly counteracted the effect of cyanamide on mortality. After coadministration of cyanamide and 4-MP, the LD50 of ethanol was 6.5 g/kg, and after 4-MP alone, 6.7 g/kg. 4-MP by itself seemed to increase the early mortality of rats to ethanol poisoning. The results suggest that the potentiating effect of cyanamide on ethanol toxicity can partly be explained by acetaldehyde accumulation and that 4-MP can be used to inhibit this accumulation providing its central depressant effect is taken into account. PMID- 6612731 TI - Malathion and phenthoate carboxylesterase activities in pulmonary alveolar macrophages as indicators of lung injury. AB - Malathion and phenthoate carboxylesterase activities were investigated in pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) in Sprague-Dawley rats. PAM was found to be capable of hydrolyzing phenthoate at a faster rate than malathion. Oral administration to rats with O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate (OOS-Me), a pneumotoxic impurity present in technical grades of malathion and phenthoate, increased the activities of these esterases in PAM without affecting an activity in lung microsomal carboxylesterase. The time course study indicated that this increase was maximal on Day 1 following treatment with OOS-Me at 20 and 40 mg/kg of doses. To assess the usefulness of measuring these esterases in PAM as an indicator of lung damage, paraquat and bromobenzene were administered to rats with treatment regimens which have been shown previously to result in histopathologically demonstrable pneumotoxicity. Malathion and phenthoate carboxylesterase activities in PAM were increased by two- to threefold following treatment with paraquat or bromobenzene. These treatments also increased lung microsomal malathion carboxylesterase activity by threefold. Furthermore, infection of rats with Pseudomonas aeruginosa by intratracheal inoculation increased malathion and phenthoate carboxylesterase activities in PAM by two- to threefold without increasing these activities in lung microsomes. These results indicate that PAM may play a significant role in detoxifying airborne malathion and phenthoate when inhaled. Furthermore, the activities of malathion and phenthoate carboxylesterases may be useful for detecting lung injury produced by pneumotoxic chemicals as well as bacterial infection. PMID- 6612732 TI - Selective induction of xenobiotic metabolizing esterases/amidases of liver by methaqualone consumption. AB - The present investigation reports the influence of po and ip methaqualone administration on the hydrolytic metabolism of acetylsalicylic acid, procaine, p nitrophenylacetate, acetanilid, and butyrylcholine in the liver, kidney, and brain of male rats. Oral administration of methaqualone (60 mg/kg/day) to rats for 20 days caused 41.0, 46.5, and 55.0% stimulation of acetylsalicyclic acid esterase I, acetylsalicyclic acid esterase II, and acetanilid N-deacetylase, respectively, in the liver. Under such conditions, the activities of other esterases remained unaffected. The responses of tissue esterases to ip methaqualone treatment (40 mg/kg/day for 6 days) were similar to those observed after po methaqualone administration. Since a single po dose of methaqualone failed to produce any alteration in the rate of metabolism of acetylsalicylic acid, procaine, p-nitrophenylacetate, acetanilid, and butyrylcholine within 20 hr, it may be interpreted that the stimulation of acetylsalicylic acid and acetanilid metabolism is possibly due to selective enhanced de novo synthesis of the enzymes/isozymes necessary for the hydrolysis of the two drugs. The ability of the kidney and brain to metabolize the esters/amides was not modified by po or ip methaqualone pretreatment suggesting the possibility of noninducible forms of renal and neuronal esterases/amidases. PMID- 6612733 TI - BAL increases the arsenic-74 content of rabbit brain. AB - The 74As content of the brain of rabbits was doubled following administration of BAL (2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol). DMPS (2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid, sodium salt), however, decreased the rabbit brain arsenic concentration. The use of BAL as the drug of choice for treatment of arsenic intoxication should be viewed with caution and re-examined. PMID- 6612734 TI - Effect of trimethyltin on hepatic and extra-hepatic non-protein sulfhydryl levels in the mouse. AB - Administration of trimethyltin (TMT) ip to mice lowered non-protein sulfhydryl (NPSH) levels in a tissue-specific and dose-dependent manner. Incubation of TMT with GSH and mouse hepatic cytosol did not result in conjugation of TMT, as evidenced by the lack of reduction of GSH levels. Additionally, TMT in vivo did not increase oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels, nor did it alter hepatic ATP content. These results suggest that TMT decreased NPSH levels in vivo by either directly inhibiting GSH synthesis or by inhibiting uptake of precursor amino acids. PMID- 6612735 TI - The absorption, distribution, excretion, and metabolism of a single oral dose of O-ethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate in hens. AB - The disposition and metabolism of a single oral 10 mg/kg (LD50) of uniformly phenyl-labeled [14C]EPN (O-ethyl O-4-nitrophenyl [14C]phenylphosphonothioate) were studied in adult hens. The birds were protected from acute toxicity with atropine sulfate. Three treated hens were killed at each time interval (days): 0.5, 2, 4, 8, 12. Radioactivity was adsorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed in all tissues. Most of the dose was excreted in the combined urinary fecal excreta (74%). Only traces of the radioactivity (0.2%) were detected in expired CO2. Most of the excreted radioactive materials were identified as phenylphosphonic acid (PPA), O-ethyl phenylphosphonic acid (EPPA), and O-ethyl phenylphosphonothioc acid (EPPTA). Radioactivity in tissues reached a peak of 11.8% in 12 days. The highest concentration of radioactivity was present in the liver followed by bile, kidney, adipose tissue, and muscle. EPN was the major compound identified in brain, spinal cord, sciatic nerve, kidney, and plasma. Most of the radioactivity in the liver was identified as EPPA followed by EPPTA and PPA. Kinetic studies showed that EPN disappeared exponentially from tissues. The half-life of the elimination of EPN from plasma was 16.5 days corresponding to a constant rate value of 0.04 day-1. Relative residence (RR) of EPN relative to plasma was shortest in liver and longest in adipose tissue followed by sciatic nerve and spinal cord. PMID- 6612736 TI - Allergic hypersensitivity to the insecticide malathion in BALB/c mice. AB - The widely used insecticide malathion (diethylmercaptosuccinate, S ester with O,O dimethylphosphorodithioate) has been reported to cause allergic responses in some exposed people and in guinea pigs. In this study, IgE antibody-mediated and cell mediated hypersensitivity to malathion was evaluated in female BALB/c mice. To elicit malathion-specific antibodies of the IgE class, a conjugate of the anhydride of the diacid metabolite of malathion (MMA) with keyhole limpet hemocyanin was administered ip with aluminum hydroxide as adjuvant. Sera collected following three sequential sensitizations were tested for specific IgE with the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) test in Sprague-Dawley rats. MMA coupled to bovine serum albumin was used as the challenge antigen. Specific IgE was produced following the second and third sensitization in the mice receiving 10 and 100 micrograms of conjugate and following the third sensitization in the mice receiving 1 microgram of conjugate. A paper radioallergosorbent test (PRAST) was as sensitive as and showed a good correlation with the PCA assay for samples analyzed by both procedures. Malathion applied epicutaneously on 2 days or over 4 weeks failed to elicit delayed-type hypersensitivity as determined by change in ear thickness, 5-[125I]iodo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation in the ear, and histology of the ear following ear challenge, with or without pretreatment of the mice with cyclophosphamide. MMA-specific IgE antibodies were not detected by the PCA test in the serum of mice treated epicutaneously for 4 weeks. PMID- 6612737 TI - Testicular atrophy induced by di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate: effect of zinc supplement. AB - The administration of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) to young male rats was found to cause testicular atrophy and loss of testicular zinc. In an attempt to test the hypothesis that a cause and effect relationship exists between DEHP induced loss of testicular zinc and testicular injury, zinc was coadministered (by ip injection or by dietary supplementation) with DEHP (po) for 10 days and organ weights and zinc concentrations were then measured. This testicular atrophy was not prevented by coadministration of zinc. The zinc concentration in the testis was not increased by zinc supplement despite increases in zinc concentrations in liver and serum. The results suggest that the toxic effect of DEHP on the testis may not result from an interference with gastrointestinal absorption of zinc. PMID- 6612738 TI - An enhancing effect of the antihistaminic drug methapyrilene on rat liver carcinogenesis by previously administered N-2-fluorenylacetamide. AB - The effect on hepatocarcinogenesis of sequential administration of the antihistaminic drug methapyrilene (MP) or the typical liver tumor promoter, phenobarbital (PB), each given after the genotoxic liver carcinogen, N-2 fluorenylacetamide (FAA) was studied. An initial exposure to 0.02% of FAA in the diet for 8 weeks was used to produce hepatocellular altered foci. Rats maintained for an additional 24 weeks on basal diet developed a low incidence of liver neoplasms. MP at 500 and 1000 ppm in the diet for 24 weeks after FAA increased the frequency of altered foci at early stages and liver neoplasms later, as did PB. Neither MP nor PB alone produced neoplasms, but MP alone produced a significant incidence of altered foci. Therefore, the results provide evidence for a promoting action of MP, but additional effects may be involved in its carcinogenicity. PMID- 6612739 TI - Metabolism of malondialdehyde by rat liver aldehyde dehydrogenase. AB - Mammalian liver contains a group of pyridine nucleotide linked aldehyde dehydrogenases [E.C. 1.2.1.3] which are present in high specific activity and possess wide substrate specificities. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a difunctional three carbon aldehyde thought to be toxic, is generated during membrane lipid peroxidation in hepatocytes. The role of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in the metabolism of MDA was tested in vitro with subcellular fractions and semipurified cytosolic preparations from rat livers. The cytosolic fraction accounted for virtually all of the MDA (50 microM) metabolizing activity observed in the postnuclear supernatant fraction. The rate of MDA disappearance was relatively low in the mitochondrial fraction and was not detectable in reaction mixtures which contained microsomes. Rat liver cytosol contained two ALDHs with MDA metabolizing activity. These enzymes were separated by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography and had apparent Km values of 16 microM and 128 microM for malondialdehyde. Mitochondria contained an ALDH enzyme with lower affinity (Km of 7.3 mM with NAD+) for malondialdehyde. These data show that rat liver contains at least three ALDH enzymes which oxidize malondialdehyde. PMID- 6612740 TI - The comparative effects of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) and its metabolites, 3-chloro-1,2-propaneoxide (epichlorohydrin), 3-chloro-1,2 propanediol (alphachlorohydrin), and oxalic acid, on the urogenital system of male rats. AB - Reported similarities in the acute toxic effects of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP), 3-chloro-1,2-propaneoxide (epichlorohydrin, ECH), 3-chloro-1,2 propanediol (alphachlorohydrin, ACH), and oxalic acid (OA) have been suggested as presumptive evidence that the metabolism of DBCP to OA, via ECH and ACH, is the cause of the resulting injuries to the kidney and, perhaps, to the epididymis and testis. To test this hypothesis, the comparative toxicities of these four chemicals were studied in male rats after single subcutaneous (sc) injections of maximally tolerated (nonlethal) doses. Kidney, testicular, and liver functions were monitored, and the occurrences of morphological changes in these and several other organs were evaluated 24 hr, 3, 8, 25, and 75 days post-treatment. DBCP caused renal dysfunction (alterations in urine composition and reduced glomerular filtration rate) and marked necrosis of the proximal tubular epithelium in the outer medulla of the kidney. ACH and OA also elicited renal dysfunction, but ACH produced only a mild swelling of the proximal tubular epithelium in the renal cortex and OA produced a focal necrosis anatomically associated with crystal deposition. ECH caused a swelling of the proximal tubular epithelium in the renal cortex, but not frank kidney dysfunction. DBCP also caused a reversible vacuolization of the tubular epithelium in the caput epididymis, progressive testicular atrophy, and a reduction of cauda epididymal sperm concentration. ACH and ECH produced similar effects, as well as epididymal sperm granulomas, spermatocoeles, and an increase in the number of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa. OA failed to produce discernible epididymal or testicular lesions at any time during the study. The development of similar lesions in the epididymis and testis following DBCP, ECH, or ACH treatments is consistent with the theory of metabolism of these chemicals to a common causative gonadotoxic agent. Oxalic acid (OA), however, would not appear to be the common gonadal toxicant. Differences in the effects, both morphological and functional, of DBCP, ECH, ACH, and OA on the kidney, moreover, indicate that DBCP nephropathy is not mediated through metabolism to OA and suggest, as well, that it differs causally from that induced by ECH or ACH. Therefore, the metabolism of DBCP to ECH or ACH, and of ECH or ACH to OA, is insufficient to explain totally the toxic effects of these agents on the urogenital system in male rats. PMID- 6612741 TI - Hepatic and biliary levels of glutathione and lipid peroxides following iron overload in the rat: effect of simultaneous ethanol administration. AB - The administration of 125 mg of iron/kg (iron-dextran-Imferon) to fed rats was followed by an increase in the non-hem iron content in plasma and liver over a period of 22 hr, reaching a peak value after 6 hr. Plasma and hepatic iron levels were not modified by ethanol ingestion (5 g/kg). Iron and ethanol treatments enhanced liver lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde (MDA) formation) by 70 and 35%, respectively, at 6 hr. Since the hepatic MDA formation increased by 92% after the joint iron-ethanol treatment, an additive effect in lipid peroxidation was suggested to occur in this condition. Both iron and ethanol treatments increased biliary levels and release of MDA, in the absence of changes in bile flow. These parameters were further enhanced by the joint iron-ethanol exposure, in that hepatic MDA levels and biliary MDA release were significantly correlated (r = 0.86; p less than 0.05). Plasma MDA levels also increased after iron, ethanol, and iron-ethanol treatments, but they did not reflect the changes in MDA levels in liver. Iron exposure resulted in 26 to 33% decreases in hepatic GSH content at the 6-hr treatment, associated with the peak effect on lipid peroxidation. In this situation, glutathione disulfide (GSSG) levels in liver were not changed, but its biliary release increased by 76%. Hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were recovered by 18 hr and increased by 23% after 22 hr of iron ingestion. Acute ethanol intake diminished liver GSH content by 30% and enhanced that of GSSG by 73%, thus eliciting a net decrease of 20% in total GSH equivalents (GSH + 2GSSG). Biliary release of total GSH was reduced in this condition. The combined administration of iron and ethanol further influenced the decrease in hepatic GSH and the increase in GSSG levels elicited by the separate treatments, but no alterations in the biliary content and release of total GSH were observed in this situation. These data indicate that iron exposure accentuates the changes in lipid peroxidation and in the glutathione status of the liver cell induced by acute ethanol intoxication. PMID- 6612743 TI - Induction of cytochrome P-450 in the rat liver after exposure to xylenes, dose response relationship and dependence on endocrine factors. AB - Male rats were exposed to different concentrations of xylenes for 3 days. Small but statistically significant increases in cytochrome P-450 content, NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity and O-deethylation of 7-ethoxyresorufin in liver microsomes were detected already at an exposure level of 75 ppm. Morphological studies of livers from rats exposed to relatively high concentrations of xylenes for 5 days showed marked proliferation of smooth ER with little changes of the rough ER. No pathological alterations were observed. Castration of male rats influenced the response to xylene exposure only to a minor extent. Hypophysectomy alone was shown to cause significant increases in cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b5 content and epoxide hydrolase activity. Induction of cytochrome P-450 dependent enzymatic activities after exposure to xylenes was reduced but qualitatively similar to that obtained with normal male rats whereas the induction of epoxide hydrolase activity was prevented. The difference in response to exposure to xylenes between male and female rats was mainly quantitative in nature. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of liver microsomes from animals exposed to xylenes in the presence of SDS showed increases in protein bands comigrating with cytochrome P-450 PB-B2 and epoxide hydrolase purified from phenobarbital treated rats. It is concluded that in the rat exposure to xylenes mimics the effects of phenobarbital treatment as judged by both biochemical and morphological criteria and that the pituitary seems to have a regulatory function with regard to the induction of several drug-metabolizing enzymes. PMID- 6612742 TI - Effect of triethyl lead on the placental uptake and transfer of the non metabolisable alpha-aminoisobutyric acid in guinea pigs. AB - In order to study the effect of organolead on the placental transfer of amino acids, triethyl lead chloride was administered by i.p. injections to pregnant guinea-pigs. The following day, the fetal part of the placenta was perfused in situ during i.v. infusion of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) to the dam. It was found that triethyl lead treatment (2.5 mg/kg body wt) decreased the AIB concentration in perfusion media compared with that of the control group. Treatment with 1 mg/kg body wt has no effect. It was also shown that the placental uptake of AIB in animals receiving 2.5 mg/kg body wt is significantly reduced compared with that of the control group. No such effect was obtained in animals receiving 1 mg/kg body wt. It is suggested that triethyl lead may inhibit placental Na+-K+-adenosinetriphosphatase, an enzyme involved with placental amino acid transport. Another possible explanation is a reduction in maternal placental blood flow. PMID- 6612744 TI - Carcinogenicity of N-nitroso-acetoxymethyl-methylamine (acetoxymethyl methylnitrosamine) after inhalation in rats. AB - Inhalation of nitroso-acetoxymethyl-methylamine (NAMMA) at a mean concentration of 0.5 ppm (= 2.6 mg/m3), 5 h/day, 5 days/week for 7 weeks proved to be highly toxic and carcinogenic in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The first tumour (a carcinoma of the lung) developed after a 14-day period of carcinogen application. The nasal region and the trachea were found to be the main target organs for the local carcinogenic activity. PMID- 6612746 TI - A comparison of the pneumotoxicity of some pyrrolic esters and similar compounds analogous to pyrrolizidine alkaloid metabolites, given intravenously to rats. AB - Toxic effects of 14 esters with chemical properties similar to those of pyrrolic pyrrolizidine alkaloid metabolites, were investigated in rats. The compounds were either mono- or bifunctional alkylating agents. When single doses were injected into a tail vein, the lungs were the main organ affected. All but one of the compounds tested caused pulmonary oedema and congestion, accompanied by pleural effusion, and animals often died between 1 and 2 days after the injection. Smaller amounts of some of the esters caused a characteristic chronic lung lesion, with proliferation of alveolar tissue, resembling that produced by the pyrrolizidine alkaloids fulvine and monocrotaline. All the compounds which caused death associated with chronic lung damage were bifunctional alkylating agents. Very large doses, especially when injected rapidly, sometimes caused death within a few minutes. The results confirmed that the ability to damage the lungs, and sometimes the heart, is a property of certain esters capable of alkylating tissues with which they come into contact, and is dependent on the chemical reactivity rather than the molecular structure of the compound. Nevertheless the latter may play a part, as shown by the exceptionally high pneumotoxicity of an indole ester having a lipophilic structure with high affinity for tissue. Necrosis of the liver in some rats might be due to metabolites formed in the liver from the injected compounds or their decomposition products, rather than the active esters themselves. PMID- 6612747 TI - Third International Congress on Toxicology. San Diego, CA, August 28 - September 3, 1983. Abstracts. PMID- 6612745 TI - Effects of dietary protein on teratogenicity of ochratoxin A in rats. AB - The teratogenic effects of a single subcutaneous dose of 1.75 mg/kg ochratoxin A given on day 6 of gestation was compared in weanling rats fed 5% protein diet for 4 weeks followed by normal protein diet (referred to as 5% normal protein diets) for the remainder of the experimental period, rats maintained on 10% protein diet, and rats on a normal protein diet throughout. These different diets are based on total dietary concentration of protein. Of the rats fed 10% protein diet, 22% failed to mate and in 39% failure of fertilization was observed. In rats fed 5% normal protein diets, the fertilization rate was 100%. Ochratoxin A treatment resulted in significant depression of fetal body weight in rats fed 5% normal protein diets and in rats maintained on normal protein diet throughout. Significant numbers of malformations (gross and skeletal) occurred in all the treated groups. Rats on a 5% normal protein diet and rats on the normal diet yielded a significant number of fetuses with internal soft tissue anomalies. The highest incidence of skeletal malformations occurred in ochratoxin A treated rats maintained on 10% protein diet throughout the experiment. Complete rehabilitation took place by replacement of low protein diet with normal protein diet. PMID- 6612749 TI - Experience using the angioplastic procedure of the pulmonary artery in patients with lung cancer. AB - Eight cases of bronchogenic carcinomas which underwent angioplastic procedures were reported. We believe that the angioplastic procedure, as in the case of the bronchoplastic procedure, is a useful operative method to preserve normal lung tissue particularly in patients of advanced age and/or limited respiratory reserves. With this procedure we can avoid pneumonectomy and assure patients a good postoperative life. With respect to angioplastic procedures caution must be exercised concerning the following items. 1) Infection may cause ruptures or stenosis at the site of the suture line. 2) It is necessary not to cause stenosis in the suture line of the pulmonary artery since the pulmonary artery is in a low pressure system and the wall is thin. PMID- 6612748 TI - The central role of the gastrointestinal tract in immunological reactions. PMID- 6612750 TI - Experimental study on angioplastic procedures of the pulmonary artery. AB - To solve problems arising during angioplastic procedures of the pulmonary artery, experimental studies using canine lungs were performed. Since the lung has dual adjacent components, i.e. pulmonary arteries and bronchi, sleeve resection of the pulmonary artery should be limited in length when not combined with bronchoplastic procedures. In such cases we used Gore-Tex as an artificial graft for replacement of the resected pulmonary artery and obtained good results. During the angioplastic procedures the main pulmonary artery and/or bronchus may be completely occluded, hence the risk of acute pulmonary edema in the remaining lung increases with long operations. From the results of this experiment it appears that the time required for operation with interruption for both perfusion and ventilation is about 2 hours. PMID- 6612751 TI - Estrogen receptor in the "non-lymphocytes" in the thymus of the ovariectomized rat. AB - Estrogen binding components have been characterized in cytosols from lymphocyte fractions and non-lymphocyte fractions of the thymus and mesenteric lymph node of ovariectomized rats. The cytosol from the non-lymphocyte fraction of the thymus contained high affinity-specific binding estrogen receptor (equilibrium dissociation constant .=. 3 X 10(-10) M, number of binding sites .=. 10 fmol/mg protein) with a sedimentation coefficient of 8 S. The receptor showed specific binding for estradiol-17 beta, estrone and estriol, but not for corticosterone, progesterone or testosterone. Only lower estrogen binding was observed in the cytosols from the lymphocyte fraction of both tissues and the non-lymphocyte fraction of the lymph node. Morphological changes of the thymus in ovariectomized rats after administration of estradiol benzoate were also observed. Clustered vacuoles with incomplete microvilli in the epithelial cells increased in number and in size after estrogen treatment. These findings suggest that the effect of estrogen on the thymus is mediated via the cytoplasmic estrogen receptor in the non-lymphocytes, probably thymic epithelial cells. PMID- 6612752 TI - Clinical report of diabetic patients treated by chronic hemodialysis. AB - Twenty one diabetic patients were treated by chronic hemodialysis (HD) in the seven year period from 1975 to 1982 in our Department. The actual one-year and five-year survival rate for diabetic patients treated by maintenance HD were 76% and 43%, respectively. Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels at the HD induction were 111.95 +/- 28.51 mg/dl and 10.73 +/- 4.56 mg/dl, respectively. There were complications in the form of blindness in 8 cases (38.1%), peripheral nerve impairment in 17 cases (81.0%), myopathy in 8 cases (38.1%), diabetic gangrene in 3 cases (14.3%) and glaucoma in one case (4.8%). PMID- 6612754 TI - Influence of long-term administration of serum albumin on the prognosis of liver cirrhosis in man. AB - To investigate the efficacy of long term administration of salt-poor albumin in the prognosis of cirrhotic patients with ascites, we administered albumin for more than six months at regular intervals to nine cirrhotic patients who had been confirmed to have ascites for the first time, and maintained their serum albumin levels above 3.0 g/dl. The other 11 cirrhotic patients who had also developed ascites for the first time were treated with diuretics only, as a control group. In the albumin treated group, one patient developed a hepatoma, and another had acute viral hepatitis after transfusion during splenectomy, and they were excluded. In the control group, one developed chronic liver failure after an operation for choledocholithiasis, and she was excluded from the study. All seven patients who had been administered albumin survived for more than two years, whereas three out of 10 in the control group died of chronic liver failure within two years. In the patients who showed a B.S.P. retention rate of more than 35% at the beginning of the study, all five treated with albumin survived for more than two years, whereas three out of four in the control group died within two years (P less than 0.025). In the albumin treated patients, the increase in serum albumin level was generally accompanied by an increase in the choline-esterase level. Long term administration of serum albumin to cirrhotic patients with ascites appears to lead to a better prognosis. PMID- 6612753 TI - Bile acids in patients suffering from colorectal carcinoma--a pilot study. AB - Bile acids are increasingly discussed in the genesis of colorectal carcinoma. In a pilot study we analysed bile acids in tumor tissue, tumor-free mucosa, serum, and feces of 6 patients with rectal and 3 patients with colonic carcinoma. 5 patients dead from nongastroenterological diseases and two operated on for benign colonic stenosis served as controls for colorectal mucosa, 16 healthy persons as controls for feces and serum. Bile acids and their sulphates were determined after differential solvolysis by gas-liquid chromatography on QF-1 columns. Serum lithocholic acid was significantly (p less than 0, 05) elevated in all carcinoma patients. The feces showed a trend towards increased secondary bile acids. Tumor free mucosa of patients with rectal carcinoma showed elevated unsulphated bile acids, sulphated lithocholic acid (p less than 0, 05) and sulphated chenodeoxycholic acid (p less than 0, 025) were significantly decreased. In rectal carcinoma tissue total bile acids were elevated, cholic acid (p less than 0, 01) and sulphated lithocholic acid decreased (p less than 0, 05). In nonaffected colonic mucosa of patients with colonic carcinoma total bile acids were decreased, in colonic carcinoma tissue only traces of bile acids were found. Whether these changes are causes or rather consequences of colorectal tumors- e.g. tumor-induced stasis in the gut--and whether they may be useful for diagnosis remains to be elucidated in further studies. PMID- 6612755 TI - Congenital absence of the right pulmonary artery--a case report and review. AB - Congenital absence of one of the pulmonary arteries not accompanied by other congenital heart disease is rare. Less than 90 cases have been reported since Frantzel noted the first case in 1868 (5). In Japan, Osano first reported a case of an 11-year old boy with unilateral absence of the right pulmonary artery (8). This is a report of a case of an 8-month-old girl in whom initial diagnosis of absence of the right pulmonary artery was made by investigation of plain chest X ray film, and the final diagnosis was made by cardiac catheterization. The problems of etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of absence of a pulmonary artery are reviewed. PMID- 6612756 TI - Human tumour radiobiology: clinical data. AB - The response criteria developed in experimental radiotherapy of mouse tumours are applicable to human tumour response, too. This quantitative description of regression rate, latency to recurrent growth and local control forms the scientific basis of radiotherapy and has great implications for the practice of radiotherapy. PMID- 6612757 TI - [Adjuvant radiotherapy in operable rectal and rectosigmoid carcinoma]. AB - In case of radically operable rectal and recto-sigmoidal carcinomas, the local (and probably also the general) tumor control can be markedly improved by adjuvant radiotherapy. The authors recommend a combination of a unique preoperative irradiation with 5 Gy for all patients and a postoperative irradiation with 40 to 45 Gy in 20 to 25 fractions for risk patients (infestation of the serosa and/or lymph nodes). PMID- 6612758 TI - [Value of radiotherapy in metastases of hypernephroid carcinoma]. AB - 52 own cases are retrospectively evaluated in order to investigate the importance of radiotherapy for the treatment of the metastasizing hypernephroma. The treatment is above all indicated in case of painful osseous metastases, but the success is retarded and often appears only after a focal dose of more than 30 Gy. Furthermore, radiotherapy of brain metastases and lymph node metastases within the mediastinum is often successful, whereas the irradiation of pulmonary metastases has to be judged less favorably. In most of all cases, surgical interventions are not an alternative, but a complementary treatment to radiotherapy. In default of promising systemic therapy methods, radiotherapy of metastases of the hypernephroma are a possibility to achieve a real palliative effect. PMID- 6612759 TI - [Kidney load in spleen irradiation in lymphogranulomatosis patients]. AB - Within the period of 1972 to 1982, 35 patients suffering from lymphogranulomatosis had to be treated by para-aortal pendulum therapy and irradiation of the spleen or spleen pedicle. Some of these patients received an additional polychemotherapy. All of these 35 patients were regularly checked-up by clinical and laboratory examinations in oncologic departments. There were no signs of radiogenic lesions of the kidney. In spite of this, the urines of these patients were examined by discelectrophoresis. Eight patients had a pathologic protein spectrum which was a symptom of other diseases in two cases and did not appear again in four cases, when control examinations were performed. One patient refused the control examination, but this one had no pathologic modifications in abdominal CT. Just one female patient showed in three control examinations protein spectra resembling to those of a proliferating glomerular lesion and a tubular lesion. All the other parameters, including a functional scintigraphy of the kidney, were normal. The patient felt well and had no clinical signs of disease. A functional damage of the kidney after irradiation of the spleen cannot be identified by current clinical and laboratory methods. PMID- 6612760 TI - [Radiation load of kidneys in telecobalt irradiation of aortic lymph nodes]. AB - The kidneys of 117 patients were examined before and after (immediately until several weeks) a telecobalt irradiation of the aortal lymph nodes. In 36 out of them, another control examination could be performed after 1 1/2 years. In 17 patients, the early examinations showed functional troubles of the kidneys which regressed in nine cases. The late examinations showed in 19 cases functional restrictions which have to be considered to be irreversible. The conclusion must be drawn that it is necessary to examine the kidneys before and until several years after a radiotherapy of the aortal lymph nodes and that the dose distribution has to be optimized with respect to a conservation of the kidneys, as far as this is oncologically possible. PMID- 6612761 TI - Parasternal lymphoscintigraphy as an aid in radiation treatment planning. AB - Depth and position of the parasternal lymph glands are determined by scintigraphy in 67 patients treated by radiotherapy for breast carcinoma. The average depth is found to be 28 mm, and the average position 27 mm laterally from the median line. However, the variation in individual patients as well as between different patients is so great that individual measurements must be deemed essential for adequate radiotherapy, especially when electrons are used for treatment. PMID- 6612762 TI - On a foundation of the Ellis-formula and Strandqvist-function with kinetic equations. AB - The Ellis-formula and Strandqvist-function are a useful tool for the treatment of a relationship between time, dose and fractionation in radiation therapy and experimental radiobiology. They can formally be derived from kinetic principles and relaxation methods in chemistry and physics, if all biochemical processes induced by an irradiation are described by a statistical distribution function of relaxations and by a Laplace transformation leading to a Markoff chain. In this way, the connection between kinetic processes in cellular tissue and the empirical relationship of the Ellis-formula and Strandqvist-function can be made apparent. PMID- 6612763 TI - [Absolute ionization dosimetry of high energy electrons with an energy of more than 15 Mev]. AB - By means of a graphite double extrapolation chamber, the self consistent dosimetry system already used for an electron energy until 15 MeV also allows an absolute determination of the cavity ion dose until 42 MeV which can be performed under practically ideal Bragg-Gray conditions with the precision of a primary standard. For the conversion into energy-dose, the relative mass collision stopping power sw,l reduced to the universal dosimetric constants W/e, G and epsilon is used which is determined by the system itself and corresponds to the theoretic relative unrestricted mass collision stopping power. A clear function for sw,l only depending on Er is achieved by a co-ordination with the mean rest energy of electrons Er, and that in any measuring depth. This function also harmonizes with the theoretical values of the relative unrestricted mass collision stopping power in the enlarged energy range. The performance specifications and influence quantities of the small parallel-plate chamber ("Electron Chamber") which also has been already used until 15 MeV as a secondary standard dosemeter and field instrument in the water, M3 or plexiglas phantom keep the same values and ranges of use. The calibration factor of the cavity ion dose is independent of the energy and remains constant also for the enlarged energy range. The measuring accuracy for the cavity ion dose and the energy-dose are unchanged. PMID- 6612764 TI - [Skin reactions in the miniature pig following a single or fractionated local irradiation with 250 kVX-rays or 6.2 MeV neutron rays]. AB - Skin areas of the miniature pig were irradiated locally with single fractionated (10 X Df in 12 days) doses of 250 kVX-rays or 6.2 MeV neutron rays. Depending on the neutron dose for single irradiations, the acute skin reactions up to 4 months following exposure yielded RBE values significantly less than 3.0, related to a neutron dose of 8 Gy and an X-ray dose of 24.2 Gy. When giving fractionated doses, RBE values greater than 3.1 were obtained, related to a neutron dose fraction of 1.2 Gy and an X-ray dose fraction of 3.7 Gy. For late effects 2 years after a single exposure, RBE values significantly greater than 2.3 were obtained, related to a neutron dose of 8 Gy and an X-ray dose of 18.6 Gy. Fractionated neutron irradiation yielded, as with the acute damage, RBE values greater than 3.1, related to a neutron dose fraction of 1.2 Gy and an X-ray dose fraction of 3.7 Gy. The tendency to higher RBE values for late against acute skin reactions could not be statistically verified by the present results. PMID- 6612765 TI - An update on the infant formula controversy. PMID- 6612766 TI - Abrogation of epidermal antigen-presenting cell function by ultraviolet radiation administered in vivo. AB - The exposure of animals to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) can result in dramatic alterations to their immunologic potential. Loss of ability to be contact sensitized to skin-reactive chemicals applied to UVR-exposed surfaces, and an enhanced susceptibility to tumors induced by UVR represent two well-documented effects of such exposure. The skin Langerhans' cell (LC) is a cell type, having antigen presentation capabilities, which is functionally inactivated by UVR. The localized loss in the ability to induce a contact hypersensitivity (CS) response and the early events associated with the acquisition of a tumor-susceptible state have been hypothesized to involve LC inactivation by UVR. In this report we have investigated the relationship between the UVR-mediated loss of CS responsiveness and antigen-presenting cell (APC) function by LC following in vivo exposure of animals to UVR. The UVR-mediated loss of CS responsiveness was found to be both time-dependent and dosage-dependent, but the loss of epidermal APC function following the UVR exposure of dissociated epidermal cells or skin was immediate and dosage-dependent. The lack of time dependency associated with the loss of epidermal APC function may be due to the nature of the assay system being employed. Add-back experiments, using the proliferation of purified antigen primed T-cells as a read-out system to evaluate APC function, require that the accessory cell be totally functional. Initiation of CS responses may still be possible, however, with LC that are partially UVR-inactivated. Lymph-node associated and circulating accessory cells could be integrated into the response, providing any necessary components that the UV-inactivated LC lacks. We tested this possibility and conclude from these studies that this is indeed a viable possibility. Our results, therefore, provide a possible explanation for apparent differences in LC UVR susceptibility observed when in vitro and in vivo assays are employed. PMID- 6612767 TI - Effect of interferon on Qa-1 expression. PMID- 6612768 TI - Research screening instruments as tools in training health workers for mental health care. AB - Two simple screening instruments for mental disorders in adults and children respectively were developed in the course of an evaluative study on mental health care in developing countries. Two research teams have attempted to use these same instruments as training tools for primary health care workers. Their experience has shown that the design of the instruments with short, easily understandable questions to which an answer "yes" or "no" can be given is also highly appropriate in the training situation and in daily work. The adaptation and use of these new training tools for primary health care workers in Manila (Philippines) and Cali (Colombia) is described. PMID- 6612769 TI - An epidemiological survey of toxoplasmosis in Mauritania. AB - A sero-epidemiological survey to assess the frequency and the distribution of toxoplasmosis has been conducted in schools of Mauritania. The prevalence, although very low compared to European standards, varies in the different villages, higher values being related to the presence of Arab-Berber populations. The main determinants of this difference are probably the food habits. Prevalence increases and reaches a stable level during adolescence. No difference was shown between sexes. These results are discussed in the context of the geography of toxoplasmosis in West Africa. PMID- 6612770 TI - Immunological findings in kala-azar, Iran. AB - Quantitation of immunoglobulins in patients with systemic leishmaniasis show a rise in IgM and IgG. Complement C3 levels in severely ill patients were very low, whereas generally within normal range in patients with uncomplicated recoveries. The cell mediated immune response of those kala-azar patients examined appeared to be depressed as measured by PHA skin tests. This depression was rapidly reversed following chemotherapy with Glucantim. PMID- 6612771 TI - Survey of rats (Rattus norvegicus) in Kuwait for the presence of Leptospira. AB - A survey of brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) was made in Kuwait in 1979 for the presence of Leptospira organisms. Kidney tissue from 49 rats, trapped mostly from various Kuwait City districts, were cultured on E.M.J.H. and Stuart media. Eight leptospira strains were isolated; all strains were identical and belonged to Leptospira interrogans Canicola serogroup; they were later identified as a new serovar kuwait. The frequency of L. interrogans group Canicola carriers among the local rats in Kuwait was 16.3%, which is higher than reported so far. A summary of published data on the isolation of Leptospira other than L. interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae from rats, particularly the brown rat, is presented with emphasis on the Middle East. PMID- 6612772 TI - Drug resistance among Salmonellae in Kuwait. AB - The status of drug resistance among Salmonella spp. prevalent in Kuwait during 1979-1980 has been assessed. Antibiotic sensitivity of 345 clinical isolates against 14 antimicrobial agents was done by disc-diffusion technique and their MIC was determined by plate dilution. Only 9.6% of these isolates were sensitive to all the 14 drugs. There was resistance to sulfisoxazole (78%), tetracycline (69%), kanamycin (61%), ampicillin (56%), streptomycin (53%), chloramphenicol (38%) and mezlocillin (38%). Multiple drug resistance (three or more drugs) was seen in 71% of isolates and many of them were resistant to five or more drugs. The common resistance patterns observed were ACGKSSuT, ACKSSuT, ACSSuT, and ASSuT. Co-trimoxazole was the drug of choice as only 15 strains (4%) were resistant to it. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the resistant strains was invariably high. Salmonella typhimurium was the commonest (41%) single species and the frequency and level of resistance was higher in this serotype than in others. PMID- 6612773 TI - Angioedema due to diphetarsone and a review of its toxicity. AB - Diphetarsone is an arsenical used in the treatment of intestinal amoebiasis and trichuriasis. It is an efficacious drug with minimal toxicity. However, in this report, a heretofore undescribed reaction, that of generalized angioedema, is presented. A review of diphetarsone toxicity is also presented. PMID- 6612774 TI - Urethral myiasis. AB - A case of urethral myiasis is reported. The authors are not aware of any such reference in the literature. PMID- 6612775 TI - Uncommon manifestation of human cysticercosis with muscular pseudohypertrophy. AB - A case of human cysticercosis presenting with symmetric painless enlargement of muscles and seizures is presented. The patient had multiple subcutaneous nodules but no features of raised intracranial pressure. Muscle biopsy revealed densely packed cysticerci in calf muscles. Subcutaneous nodule biopsy was also confirmatory. So far sixteen cases have been described in the world literature and only one from outside India. PMID- 6612776 TI - Acute leptomeningitis due to Bacillus anthracis. A case report. AB - A fatal case of anthrax meningitis in a 45-year-old woman is presented from Karnataka State, South India. The clinical, microbiological and histopathological profile is presented. PMID- 6612777 TI - Health problems of agricultural workers in Malaysia. AB - The present paper reviews the health problems of rural agricultural workers in Malaysia. As is common with most developing countries, the agricultural sector forms the pillar of the national economy in Malaysia, the major products being rubber, palm oil, rice and timber. Most of the agricultural workers, who form the largest occupational group in the country, live in the rural areas under poor socioeconomic and environmental conditions. Their general health problems include large families, substandard housing, overcrowding, lack of piped water supply and sanitary excreta disposal, malnutrition and prevalent diseases such as cholera, typhoid, dysentery and parasitic infections. The specific occupational health problems include infectious diseases, agricultural accidents, pesticide poisonings, physical hazards, keratitis nummularis and snake-bites. The organization of agricultural health services in developing countries is also discussed. PMID- 6612778 TI - Profile of epilepsy in Lagos, Nigeria. AB - A total of 396 non-selected epileptic patients seen in Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) over a period of two years were clinically assessed and investigated for the purpose of classification; 378 were classifiable and 18 unclassifiable. About 25% of the classifiable patients had generalised epilepsy and 75% partial epilepsy. The commonest form of generalised epilepsy was grand mal and that of partial epilepsy was partial epilepsy with complex symptomatology. Seizure classification showed a similar pattern to that of epilepsies. The commonest form of generalised seizures were tonic-clonic seizures and those of partial seizures were complex partial seizures with simple partial onset, that secondarily generalised. Although the majority of patients with both generalised and partial epilepsies had seizure onset before the age of 20 years, a significantly higher percentage of patients with generalised epilepsy compared to partial epilepsy had seizures before the age of 10 years while a higher percentage of patients with partial epilepsy had seizures onset after the age of 10 years. The average age of onset of generalised epilepsy was lower than that of partial epilepsy. PMID- 6612779 TI - Splenic aspiration; experience in Kenya. AB - We describe the technique of splenic aspiration in 113 patients presenting with splenomegaly. It was used initially to establish a diagnosis, and in those patients with kala azar, to follow the response of the parasites to therapy until 'parasitological cure'. In all 671 aspirations were performed. No complications occurred in the 69 patients with active kala azar, who collectively had more than 600 aspirations. One patient in a moribund condition had a fatal haemorrhage. The aspirate suggested a lymphoma, confirmed at autopsy. In 68 of the 69 patients with active kala azar, the diagnosis was established at the first aspiration. The essentials of the technique are the use of a small calibre needle (21 G), and speed, the needle being in the spleen for less than a second, with the consequent procurement of a few drops of material only. PMID- 6612780 TI - Point of focus: poor genital hygiene and terminal urethral strictures. AB - Males attending the urology clinic with strictures of the terminal urethra were studied. Evident frank balanoposthitis, subpreputial calculi and infected urine in the preputial sac were seen in a sizable number, 35% of them were suffering from a second urethral stricture also, either in continuity over the whole length of the penile urethra or in the bulbomembranous area. Balanitis xerotica obliterans was responsible for those terminal urethral strictures in nearly 20%. All patients required terminal urethroplasty in addition to appropriate surgical procedures for other stigmata. Knowledge and sense of hygiene of the genitalia were lacking in most of the patients. PMID- 6612781 TI - Beliefs and treatment related to diarrhoeal episodes reported in association with measles. AB - Eighty mothers whose children had measles in the past month were interviewed for beliefs and practices related to the management of measles and measles associated diarrhoea. Beliefs and practices about diarrhoea, associated with measles are described. Diarrhoea during and after measles was considered beneficial by mothers, who believed it helped to flush out impurities from the body. Paradoxically ORS was not used because of an erroneous idea that ORS would stop diarrhoea. Informing mothers that ORS will not stop diarrhoea, but will help in flushing out the impurities, could enhance ORS use, reducing morbidity and mortality. The prevalent belief, that measles patients must be kept in a clean environment is useful and should be encouraged. Other beliefs and practices to hasten the eruption are neutral, but since they encourage cleanliness and isolation, need not be discouraged. PMID- 6612782 TI - Seasonal variations in admissions to a tropical paediatric unit. AB - The monthly admissions over the last 10 years (1972-1981) of children with common illnesses to the Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, were analyzed to ascertain if there were any significant seasonal patterns. The method used (developed by Walter and Elwood) consists of estimating the amplitude of seasonal variations and the time at which the maximum occurs in a postulated simple harmonic fluctuation. Six out of the 9 diagnostic groups studied were found to have significant seasonal variations in at least 5 out of 10 years or 3 out of the last 5 years: pharyngitis, bronchitis, broncho-pneumonia, bronchial asthma, gastro-enteritis, and febrile convulsions. Febrile convulsions showed the best correlation (in terms of the number of monthly admissions) with the other illnesses showing seasonal fluctuations. Admissions for bronchial asthma were negatively correlated with the others. No consistent pattern in the time of peak number of admissions was discernable. The seasonal variations demonstrated are probably related to outbreaks of viral infections which tend to occur round the year in the tropics. PMID- 6612783 TI - Worm, giardia and amoebic infestations on Praslin, Seychelles. PMID- 6612784 TI - Endocarditis due to Salmonella typhi. AB - A case of endocarditis caused by Salmonella typhi is reported in a 24-year-old Egyptian woman known to have rheumatic heart disease. The diagnosis was confirmed by positive blood cultures and echocardiogram. PMID- 6612785 TI - A case of a double infection with Salmonella typhi and Campylobacter fetus subspecies jejuni. AB - A case of a double infection with Salmonella typhi and Campylobacter subspecies jejuni proven by isolation and serology is reported. The patient was effectively treated with erythromycin and chloramphenicol. PMID- 6612786 TI - Machakos project studies agents affecting health of mother and child in a rural area of Kenya. XXIII bacterial contamination of foods commonly eaten by young children in Machakos, Kenya. AB - A simplified method, the Agar Immersion Plating and Contact (AIPC) slide technique was applied for the bacteriological examination of children's dishes and drinking water in Machakos District, Kenya. A total of 214 samples, collected from 106 households, were examined for degree of colonization by Enterobacteriaceae (E) and Staph. aureus (ST). Fourty four percent of the dishes and two percent of the water samples were unsafe with respect to Enterobacteriaceae. In 12% of the dishes and none of the water samples Staph. aureus occurred at levels above the threshold of acceptability. Colonization increased with storage time. Implications of these results in relation to diarrhoea morbidity patterns among young children are being investigated elsewhere. PMID- 6612787 TI - [Component model of human lymphocyte blast transformation stimulated by phytohemagglutinin]. AB - A method of major components was used to develop a mathematical model which permits representing a set of parameters characterizing the process of human peripheral blood lymphocyte PhGA-blasttransformation as nine mutually independent units (components). A quantitative estimation is made for the dependence of blasttransformation parameters on the contribution of separate components which was shown to vary from 5.6 to 24.0%. PMID- 6612788 TI - [Action of thymosin on the ultrastructure of the bone marrow in the rat]. AB - A preparation isolated from thymus extract and possessing thymosin-like activity was studied for its influence on the ultrastructure of the rat bone marrow cells. A dose of the preparation adequate to therapeutic one (7 mg/kg) causes a transitory "irritation" (dystrophy and stimulation) in cellular elements of bone marrow. A supertherapeutic dose (70 mg/kg) has a definitely toxic effect on its cells and is characterized by an expressed tropism to the endothelium of sinusoids and capillaries. PMID- 6612789 TI - [Ultrastructural characteristics of osteoclasts in different functional states]. AB - By electron microscopy and autoradiography, a study was made of osteoclasts in the metaphyseal zones of the femora of 1-7-day old rabbits and rats. It was established that depending on the intensity of resorptive processes osteoclasts noticeably differed in their morphology (shape, size, number of nuclei, degree of development of intracellular organelles, "brush border"), as well as in the level of biosynthetic activity registered by incorporation intensity of 3H-uridine and 3H-methionine in these. According to these indices, osteoclasts were classified as young, mature functionally active, and non-active osteoclasts, as well as perishing ones. The defined morpho-functional states represent successive stages of the life cycle of osteoclasts. PMID- 6612791 TI - [Karyometric measuring guide for direct microscopy]. PMID- 6612790 TI - [Distribution of solid liposomes on the surface of an epithelial cell layer]. AB - A study was made of the adhesion of liposomes, composed of dipalmitoyl- or di stearoylphosphatidycholine, on the surface of epithelial cells in culture. Sodium fluorescein was entrapped in liposomes for their visualization by fluorescence microscopy. It is found that sonicated unilamellar liposomes adhere predominantly along the sheet margins. Multilamellar liposomes and lipid-coated carmine particles adhere over the whole cellular surface. However, their adhesion along sheet margins was stronger, as evidenced by a brief trypsin treatment. A prolonged trypsin treatment removed all types of liposomes from the cell surface. After the cells were partly detached from each other, small liposomes readily adhered to the newly accessible cell margins. The existence of special lipid membrane-binding proteins on the cell surface is suggested. PMID- 6612792 TI - Fatal hepatitis after treatment with isoniazid and rifampicin in a patient on anticonvulsant therapy. AB - A 58-year-old man with a history of tuberculosis had been treated with anticonvulsant drugs for a long period and presented with a small lesion in the apex of the left lung. Prior to thoracotomy treatment with isoniazid and rifampicin was started. Fulminant hepatitis developed and the patient died on the 7th postoperative day, 9 days after starting the drugs. The risk of hepatotoxicity from isoniazid is increased when it is given concomitantly with anticonvulsants, halothane or rifampicin, all of which induce microsomal enzymes. PMID- 6612793 TI - Mycobacterial pathogenicity and nomenclature: the 'nyrocine mycobacteria'. PMID- 6612794 TI - Need to define colonial morphology of M. avium-intracellulare when reporting susceptibility test results. PMID- 6612795 TI - Tuberculosis in old age. PMID- 6612796 TI - Role of rifampicin in arthralgia induced by pyrazinamide. PMID- 6612797 TI - [Cellular immunity in early syphilis]. PMID- 6612798 TI - [Production of blood components with SAG and SAG-M blood bag system]. PMID- 6612799 TI - [Preventive antibiotic therapy in lung surgery]. PMID- 6612800 TI - [Delayed identification and treatment of congenital loss of hearing]. PMID- 6612801 TI - [Operative treatment of chondromalacia of the patella and recurrent dislocation of the patella by Hauser's method. A retrospective 5 year study of 58 knees]. PMID- 6612802 TI - [Atheromatous renal emboli in a hypertensive patient]. PMID- 6612803 TI - [Benign inflammatory fibroid polyp in the colon]. PMID- 6612804 TI - [Postcoital contraception]. PMID- 6612805 TI - [A psychotherapeutically orientated specialist psychiatrist practice]. PMID- 6612806 TI - [Experience with parental group meetings with parents of children with cerebral palsy]. PMID- 6612807 TI - [Legal psychiatric functions after decentralization of the Danish Services for the Mentally Retarded. A review of current rules and statistical illustration]. PMID- 6612808 TI - [Antibiotic prevention in surgical gastroenterology. VII. Local antibiotic administration in the wound after colon and rectum surgery]. PMID- 6612809 TI - [Sprue--recent pathogenic theories]. PMID- 6612810 TI - [Open heart surgery in patients over 70 years of age]. PMID- 6612811 TI - [Comparison between the Venturi mask and the Lomholt system in the treatment of postoperative hypoxia]. PMID- 6612812 TI - [Nose fractures. A prospective study of treatment of nose fractures]. PMID- 6612813 TI - [Infectious mononucleosis complicated by mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema]. PMID- 6612814 TI - [Perforation of an abdominal aortic aneurysm into the inferior vena cava]. PMID- 6612815 TI - [Presumed side effects of indomethacin in 2 premature infants]. PMID- 6612816 TI - [What do we know about occupational diseases of the liver and pancreas?]. PMID- 6612817 TI - [Health of railroad engine drivers]. PMID- 6612818 TI - [Forensic consequences of nose fractures and value of radiography of the external nose]. PMID- 6612819 TI - [Ethylene glycol poisoning. Symptoms and treatment]. PMID- 6612820 TI - [Isopropyl alcohol poisoning. Caburetor alcohol poisoning treated by hemodialysis]. PMID- 6612822 TI - [Knee joint arthroscopy. Diagnostic and methodological value]. PMID- 6612821 TI - [Study of steroid hormones in preadolescent Danish children]. PMID- 6612823 TI - [Arthroscopy of the knee in acute hemarthron]. PMID- 6612824 TI - [201 Th-redistribution scintigraphy in angina pectoris. Comparison with coronary arteriography]. PMID- 6612825 TI - [Cardiac findings in atrial fibrillation and sinus rhythm. Should long-term digoxin therapy be withdrawn in atrial fibrillation?]. PMID- 6612826 TI - [Ethylene glycol poisoning]. PMID- 6612827 TI - [Pneumomediastinum and retropharyngeal emphysema]. PMID- 6612828 TI - [What do we know about occupational gastrointestinal diseases?]. PMID- 6612829 TI - [Drug addicts using injections in the County of Vejle. I. Occurrence, incidence and mortality]. PMID- 6612830 TI - [Drug addicts using injections in the County of Vejle. II. Social background, educational level and criminality]. PMID- 6612831 TI - [Drug addicts--obstetric complications]. PMID- 6612832 TI - [Eye problems in an emergency department]. PMID- 6612833 TI - [The pathogenesis of ECG changes in acute cerebrovascular disease]. PMID- 6612835 TI - [Continuous blockade of the brachial plexus]. PMID- 6612834 TI - [Diuretics and renal failure]. PMID- 6612836 TI - [Gas-producing infections in the abdomen]. PMID- 6612837 TI - [Genital tuberculosis in Denmark 1971-80]. PMID- 6612838 TI - [Tuberculous salpingitis. A case with sterility as the only symptom]. PMID- 6612839 TI - [Sterilization performed at the time of a probably fertilized but not yet nidated ovum]. PMID- 6612840 TI - [Surgical treatment of pelvic ring instability. A case with symptoms 15 months post partum]. PMID- 6612841 TI - [Asymptomatic granulomatous colitis in a patient with pyoderma gangraenosum]. PMID- 6612842 TI - [Aspiration of air from the right atrium during total hip replacement]. PMID- 6612843 TI - [Pregnancy tests. Can we trust them?]. PMID- 6612844 TI - [Preventive services for pre-school children in primary health services. X. Prospectives for the future]. PMID- 6612845 TI - [Saw accidents]. PMID- 6612846 TI - [Non-invasive localization and grading of carotid artery stenosis by doppler scanning]. PMID- 6612847 TI - [Electric accidents. Is cardiac monitoring necessary?]. PMID- 6612848 TI - [Transient erythroblastopenia in children]. PMID- 6612849 TI - [Intermaxillary fixation in the treatment of severe obesity. A review of the literature]. PMID- 6612850 TI - [Systemic amyloidosis/beta-fibrillosis]. PMID- 6612851 TI - [Primary lymphedema]. PMID- 6612852 TI - [Infectious cervical polyradiculitis]. PMID- 6612853 TI - [Erythromycin-resistant pneumococcal pneumonia]. PMID- 6612854 TI - [Remission of cutaneous metastases of breast therapy cancer during aminoglutethimide (Orimeten)]. PMID- 6612855 TI - [Endometriosis localized to the mons pubis region]. PMID- 6612856 TI - [Reimplantation of a traumatically amputated external ear]. PMID- 6612857 TI - [What do we know about occupational eye diseases?]. PMID- 6612858 TI - [Drug induced photosensitivity]. PMID- 6612859 TI - [Acute sports injuries. III. Socioeconomic significance]. PMID- 6612860 TI - [Injuries sustained on military obstacle tracks]. PMID- 6612861 TI - [Diagnosis of focal liver lesions. A review of diagnostic certainties in invasive and non-invasive methods]. PMID- 6612862 TI - [CT-diagnosis of liver metastases compared with serum alkaline phosphatase]. PMID- 6612864 TI - [Opening of drug containers by patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6612863 TI - [Alkyl nitrite as an aphrodisiac]. PMID- 6612865 TI - [A perforation injury of the eye resulting from a car battery explosion]. PMID- 6612866 TI - [Penetration of the acetabulum after Nystrom osteosynthesis]. PMID- 6612867 TI - [Pyelorenal reflux with rupture of the renal pelvis in ureterolithiasis]. PMID- 6612868 TI - [Ulcerative colitis and malignant lymphoma of the intestine. Causal relation or differential diagnostic problem?]. PMID- 6612869 TI - [Intramedullary humerus lipoma]. PMID- 6612870 TI - [Children's accidents with household chemicals. Changes in the accident pattern]. PMID- 6612871 TI - [Arterial injuries complicating knee dislocations]. PMID- 6612873 TI - [Pacemaker treatment in childhood]. PMID- 6612872 TI - [Injuries of the popliteal artery complicating knee fractures or dislocations]. PMID- 6612875 TI - [Rheumatoid arthritis of the wrist joint. A review of surgical possibilities]. PMID- 6612874 TI - [Traumatic dislocation of the hip. Late results illustrated by case reports]. PMID- 6612876 TI - [CT brain scanning before and during pneumoencephalography]. PMID- 6612877 TI - [Tracheotomy. Review of a 5-year case load from a regional hospital]. PMID- 6612878 TI - [Treatment of pertrochanteric fractures of the femur by the Ender osteosynthesis]. PMID- 6612879 TI - [Treatment of sweating]. PMID- 6612880 TI - [Bicycle accidents in Fredriksberg]. PMID- 6612881 TI - [Bicycle wheel injuries. Incidence, front wheel injuries, wheel guards and prevention]. PMID- 6612882 TI - [Increased use of sick-leave from 1970 to 1980]. PMID- 6612883 TI - [Schirmer's tear test]. PMID- 6612884 TI - [Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. A review illustrated by a case report]. PMID- 6612885 TI - [Acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa. Review of the literature and a case report]. PMID- 6612886 TI - [Bone scintigraphy in suspected fracture of the scaphoid bone]. PMID- 6612887 TI - [Self determination of blood glucose by the BM test and Hypocount B. Testing of the color stability of reagent strips]. PMID- 6612888 TI - [Cystic lymphangioma originating from the duodenum]. PMID- 6612889 TI - [Cholesteatoma in the kidney]. PMID- 6612890 TI - [Complications with centrally positioned intravenous catheters]. PMID- 6612891 TI - [Reiter's syndrome in childhood]. PMID- 6612892 TI - [Housing environment and health. Prize project of the National Danish Medical Association]. PMID- 6612893 TI - Mass determination of thin biological specimens using backscattered electrons. Application in quantitative X-ray microanalysis on an automated STEM system. AB - The capabilities of modern computerized X-ray analysis systems can be expanded to the acquisition of various signals available in the electron probe microanalyzer, in parallel with the X-rays. These facilities allow the use of backscattered electrons for the measurement of the total specimen mass thickness, which can be used in mass fraction calculations, up to a (biological) specimen thickness of 10 micron. A mass measurement procedure based on the use of backscattered electrons may become an alternative for the X-ray continuum normalization method, often used in electron probe X-ray microanalysis. A mass measurement procedure using backscattered electrons is described, and preliminary results are given. PMID- 6612894 TI - Photoelectron microscopy of viruses. PMID- 6612895 TI - A comparison of two methods for determining ultrasonic intensity for medical transducers. AB - The spatial and temporal average intensity (ISATA) is determined for four diagnostic ultrasound transducers by two methods: (a) direct measurements (beam profiling) with a miniature hydrophone, as described in the AIUM-NEMA standard, and (b) estimating from measurements of total power and assumptions about beam size. The latter method is frequently used by diagnostic ultrasound manufacturers when reporting output levels to users and regulatory agencies. However, due to the conventions for defining beam area, this method actually overestimates the spatial average intensity. For the four transducers tested, the estimated ISATA exceeds the measured ISATA by several hundred percent. The spatial peak, temporal average intensity (ISPTA) was also measured for the four transducers and is less than the estimated ISATA in every case. PMID- 6612896 TI - Latency changes in the human somatosensory evoked potential at extreme depths. AB - Somatosensory evoked potentials to lower limb stimulation were recorded from the three participants in a recent chamber dive to a world depth record of 686 m (2250 ft). Because of the 10% nitrogen breathing mixture, both inert gas narcosis and high pressure nervous syndrome were factors in the dive. Latencies of evoked potential peaks were measured relative to the peak of the first cortical component, P1, in order to separate central from peripheral effects. Several peak latencies changed systematically during compression. The several components of the somatosensory evoked potential appeared differentially sensitive to either inert gas narcosis or the high pressure nervous syndrome with increasing depth. The latencies of all peaks following the initial cortical P1 were shorter at depth than in surface control recording. This is consistent with a state of hyperexcitability in the brain that is felt to characterize the high pressure nervous syndrome. Changes in peak latency were consistent across subjects and in some cases achieved statistical significance despite the small number of subjects available for testing. Although these findings are preliminary, they suggest that evoked potential latencies may have value as a means of following the effects of extreme pressure on the central nervous system. PMID- 6612897 TI - Peripheral circulatory responses to acute hyperoxia. AB - Acute hyperoxia (1 atm) in anesthetized dogs produced a 14% decrease in cardiac output relative to that observed with FIo2 = 0.21 and was associated with 7% decreases in heart rate and stroke volume. Changes in the distribution of peripheral blood flow during hyperoxia, as measured with radioactive labeled microspheres, included decreases in renal cortical flow (-20%), retinal blood flow (-27%), and blood flow to the caudate nucleus, mesencephalon, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Absolute blood flow to intestinal viscera, to respiratory and skeletal muscle, and to fat were unchanged. Simulation of these changes in cardiac output and distribution of blood flow using a digital computer model show a minimal change in the pattern of nitrogen gas elimination, with nitrogen partial pressures in the "slowest" body compartment within 1% of control by 60 min. PMID- 6612898 TI - Report of an isolated mid-frequency hearing loss following inner ear barotrauma. AB - A case describing an isolated mid-frequency hearing loss as a result of inner ear barotrauma is presented. The onset of symptoms was insidious but progressed to a profound total-range hearing loss in the right ear. This loss resolved rapidly with cessation of diving activity, bed rest, and head elevation, leaving only an isolated 20-dB hearing decrement at 1000 Hz. Since the diver was participating in evaluation of experimental decompression tables, differentiation had to be made between barotrauma and inner ear decompression sickness. PMID- 6612899 TI - Hyperbaric whole-body plethysmograph for rodents. AB - Described is a rodent size whole-body plethysmograph constructed of two concentric Plexiglas cylinders. Chamber temperature is controlled by circulating water of constant temperature between the cylinders, the entry gas also being preconditioned to a desired temperature. An aluminum plate partitions the chamber into an animal compartment (1.4 liters without the rat) and a transducer compartment (1.1 liters). Dynamic calibration indicates the system response is uniform between 60 and 270 cycles/min. Static calibration shows a linear correlation between the transducer output (in microV) and the calibration volume. Under hyperbaric conditions such linear correlation also exists, but the transducer outputs are greater for a given calibration volume. For a given volume of injection the transducer output is a linear function of log-ambient pressure. Respiratory variables measured with this plethysmograph are comparable to those reported in the literature both for 1 ATA and under hyperbaric conditions. The plethysmograph is also adaptable for measurement of oxygen consumption and CO2 production, under elevated ambient pressure. Caution for this application is given in regard to 1) the protracted time requirement for reaching a steady state, 2) accumulation of CO2 in the chamber, and 3) diminishing gas concentration of interest between the entering and existing gases, suggesting a trade-off in selecting chamber size, ventilation rate, and level of acceptable CO2 in the chamber. PMID- 6612900 TI - Estimation of oxygen uptake from heart rate response to undersea work. AB - The efficacy of using a diver's heart rate (HR) response to work performed formed in the open sea to estimate the oxygen uptake (VO2) and work stress by general and depth-specific regression equations was examined in six scuba divers. A diver carried data recording system and an underwater gas sampler were used to obtain measures of physiological responses to work in the ocean. The HR and VO2 were measured during dry cycling at 1 ATA, and during moderate to very heavy work fin swimming against an ergometer at 2, 3, and 4 ATA. Underwater VO2 and HR at 2-4 ATA ranged from 1.41 to 3.89 liters/min (39%-89% VO2max observed on land) and 105 180 beats/min, respectively. Individual data points at three work levels at 1-4 ATA were used to compute correlation coefficients (r) and regression equations. Only one significant difference in regression slopes was found (1 ATA vs. 4 ATA), but large differences in intercept were observed in each comparison. From 1 ATA to 4 ATA r decreased from 0.78 to 0.53 while the standard error of VO2 estimated from HR (Syx) increased from 0.229 to 0.582 liters O2. The regression equation for dry exercise (1 ATA) underestimated VO2 over most of the work range by 0.4 to 0.9 liters/min or 11% to 25% of VO2max. The accuracy of estimating VO2 from cardiac response by general (1 ATA) or depth-specific regression equations is insufficient to justify their use in research or diver monitoring systems. Attempts to estimate VO2 from pulmonary ventilation (VE) gave similar results with more differences between slopes among the conditions. These observations and those of other investigators support the idea that underwater work loads and stress cannot be estimated or evaluated by simple HR measurements that are made during diving operations and interpreted in terms of sea-level standards. PMID- 6612901 TI - Catecholamine levels in divers subjected to stresses of immersion and hyperbaric exposure. AB - The study was undertaken to determine the changes in plasma catecholamine levels in response to the combined stresses of cool water immersion and hyperbaric exposure. Plasma catecholamines were measured in seven thermally unprotected trained male U.S. Navy divers immersed in water at 25 degrees C and 35 degrees C at 1 ATA and 4 ATA. All measurements were made prior to any decompression procedures. Plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels were higher during cool immersions at both 1 ATA and 4 ATA. Hyperbaric exposure during warm immersion was associated with a small but significant increase in plasma NE levels. Hyperbaric exposure during cool immersion was associated with an increase in plasma NE levels, but this increase was not statistically significant. Hyperbaric exposure in both the cool and warm immersions was associated with a moderate degree of hypoventilation and carbon dioxide retention. Plasma NE levels reflect the overall stress imposed on an individual. This study indicates that plasma NE levels may be too variable to be useful as indicators of specific stress. PMID- 6612902 TI - [Memorandum on the criteria for application of and education in echocardiography]. PMID- 6612903 TI - [Preoperative echocardiographic evaluation of congenital cardiopathies in infants: an indispensable adjunct to angiography]. PMID- 6612904 TI - [Subxiphoid approach in the electrocardiographic diagnosis of congenital cardiopathies in neonates and infants]. PMID- 6612905 TI - [Doppler echocardiography: principles, current use and future perspectives]. PMID- 6612906 TI - [Echocardiography in the physiopathologic evaluation of congenital heart diseases]. PMID- 6612907 TI - [Segmental analysis of the left ventricle in bidimensional echocardiography: methods and standardization of nomenclature]. PMID- 6612908 TI - [Psychiatric approach to chronic pain]. PMID- 6612909 TI - [Life and health conditions in Lebanon]. PMID- 6612910 TI - [Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism]. PMID- 6612912 TI - Cowper's gland calcification: a new radiographic finding. AB - Cowper's gland calcification is reported in 3 elderly patients. The anatomy, pathology, and radiology of Cowper's glands are reviewed. Postulated etiologies of Cowper's gland calcification include ductal obstruction with stasis of secretions, infection with urea-splitting organisms, and sequelae of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6612911 TI - Rectourethrocutaneous fistula in Crohn disease. AB - Fistulae from the gastrointestinal tract to the urinary tract are a well-known complication of Crohn disease. The majority of these are ileovesical. On rare occasion, patients with perianal complications of regional ileitis or granulomatous colitis may develop rectourethrocutaneous fistulae. The authors have encountered 2 such patients and add them to the 3 previously reported cases in the English literature. Retrograde urethrography and voiding cystourethrography established the diagnosis. PMID- 6612913 TI - Chyluria. AB - A case of chyluria in a young white male is presented. Lymphangiogram, CT, and digital vascular imaging findings are presented along with a brief review of the literature. PMID- 6612914 TI - Horseshoe kidney mimicking adenopathy. AB - Horseshoe kidney may simulate adenopathy on ultrasound when the examiner is unaware of its presence. If an ultrasound examination demonstrates an isolated preaortic mass, this diagnosis should be considered. Sonographic features and confirmation of this diagnosis with a urogram or CT are discussed. PMID- 6612915 TI - Retroperitoneal lymphocyst: demonstration by lymphangiography. AB - A unique case of a large retroperitoneal lymphocyst producing lateral ureteric displacement is presented. The value of lymphangiography in establishing the diagnosis is stressed. PMID- 6612916 TI - Inclusion cyst of the tunica albuginea: demonstration by ultrasound. AB - A 35-year-old man discovered a 1-cm nodule at the upper pole of the left testicle after blunt focal trauma. While the pain, tenderness, and location suggested hematoma or appendiceal torsion, the demonstration by ultrasound of the size, cystic nature, and extraparenchymal location was consistent with the rarely documented cyst of the tunica albuginea. PMID- 6612917 TI - Rhabdomyosarcoma of the cord: ultrasonic evaluation. AB - A rare case of paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma in a young adult is described, emphasizing the role of ultrasonic preoperative examination in evaluating the consistency and extension of the scrotal mass for surgical management. PMID- 6612918 TI - Benign causes of acquired ureteropelvic junction obstruction: a uroradiologic spectrum. AB - Five different benign causes of ureteropelvic junction obstruction in adults without prior obstructive history are presented: aortic aneurysm, renal cyst, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, eosinophilic ureteritis, and a crossing blood vessel. Although uncommon, these etiologies warrant consideration when an adult patient presents with ureteropelvic junction obstruction without a prior history of obstruction. PMID- 6612919 TI - Transitional cell carcinoma of the kidney with invasion into the renal vein. AB - Eight cases of transitional cell carcinoma with extension into the renal vein are presented. In 2 cases the tumor had also invaded the inferior vena cava. Venous invasion represents an uncommon, late finding of transitional cell carcinoma and is associated with a poor prognosis. The excretory urogram usually demonstrates nonfunction or a pelvic mass with extensive renal invasion. As these findings are nonspecific, definitive preoperative diagnosis is dependent on direct visualization of the renal vein utilizing sonography, computed tomography, or venography. Since vascular invasion is a late finding, venous evaluation is required only in advanced cases of transitional cell carcinoma. PMID- 6612920 TI - Infantile polycystic kidney disease: an imaging dilemma. AB - Infantile and adult type polycystic kidney diseases are 2 disparate genetic disorders and generally are easily distinguishable on the basis of clinical, pathologic, and radiologic findings. We present 3 children with infantile polycystic kidney disease, ages 9 months to 6 years, in whom the excretory urogram and/or renal ultrasound or gross anatomical appearance of the kidneys resembled adult polycystic kidney disease. The findings from these 3 patients emphasize the importance of renal and liver biopsies in the diagnosis of cystic kidney disease in young children. PMID- 6612921 TI - Sonography of adrenal lesions causing hypertension. PMID- 6612922 TI - Sample size in four areas of psychological research. PMID- 6612923 TI - [Blood concentration of halothane and its effect on catecholamine levels and hemodynamics in cancer patients during surgery]. AB - The investigation of 22 patients has established the concentration of fluothane in the blood to influence the catecholamine content and the cardio-vascular system. Its increased concentration in the blood results in certain decrease of the level of general catecholamines in the blood, decreased value of systolic arterial pressure and increased frequency of cardiac contractions. PMID- 6612924 TI - [Hemosorption in experimental burn toxemia]. PMID- 6612926 TI - [Use of ultraviolet irradiation of the blood in inflammation of the tissues of the maxillofacial region]. AB - The authors analyze the experience with the reinfusion of the autoblood subjected to ultraviolet irradiation to 25 patients with inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial area. The positive curative effect of this method of hemotherapy is demonstrated. PMID- 6612925 TI - [Complications of extracorporeal hemosorption and their prevention]. AB - The authors have analyzed complications in 395 hemosorptions in 189 patients with different diseases, burns being most frequent one associated with hypocalcemia resulting from great doses of heparin. Trental and small doses of heparin are proposed for prevention of the complications. PMID- 6612927 TI - [Ultrasonic surgical and high-frequency electrosurgical equipment]. PMID- 6612928 TI - [A method of tubular stomach resection with preservation of the pyloric and repaired cardial sphincters]. AB - The authors describe an original variant of gastric resection which was performed in 65 patients with ulcer of the cardial portion of the stomach with good immediate and remote results. PMID- 6612929 TI - [Errors and dangers of gastrostomy]. AB - The authors describe the most frequent complications of gastrostomy (incompetent gastrostomies, purulent inflammation of the wound, disturbed evacuatory function of the stomach etc.). Their causes, ways of prevention and elimination are analyzed. PMID- 6612930 TI - [Errors and dangers during insertion of the intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation device]. AB - The authors describe complications arising when indwelling a balloon counter pulsator observed in 4 out of 47 patients such as perforation of the iliac artery with the catheter--in 1 patient; 360 degrees bend of the catheter in the iliac artery--in 1 patient; difficulties in the conducting of the catheter through the femoral artery resulting from stenosing atherosclerosis of the artery--in 2 patients. The authors recommend some means for the prevention and liquidation of such complications. PMID- 6612931 TI - [Indications for neurosurgeon consultation in combined cranio-cerebral injury]. AB - The indications and contraindications for calling a neurosurgeon to the surgical hospitals for associated cranio-cerebral traumas against the background of shock are considered. Main clinico-neurological manifestations of the cranio-cerebral trauma in comparison with the level of the systolic arterial pressure and state of the patient's consciousness are used as criteria for calling a neurosurgeon. PMID- 6612932 TI - [Surgical tactics in recurrent goiter]. AB - On the basis of an experience with 109 operations for different kinds of recurrent goiter certain indications and contraindications for operation are recommended. For the prevention of recurrencies and conservative treatment of a recurrent goiter the administration of thyroid hormones is indicated. Original details of the method and operative technique are described. PMID- 6612933 TI - [Current bronchological methods of diagnosis of lung cancer]. AB - On the basis of an analysis of results of studying 541 patients with lung cancer the authors consider that bronchoscopy can diagnose the central lung cancer practically in all the patients including the early stages of the disease before the development of changes in the lungs on roentgenograms. The histological verification of the peripheral lung cancer of the root and median zones is ensured in 77% of patients by bronchofibroscopy under local anesthesia with the transbronchial peripheral forcepts and brush biopsy under the roentgen and TV control. Bronchological diagnosis of cancer of the subpleural zone still remains less effective. PMID- 6612934 TI - [Lung cancer in patients over 70]. AB - The validity of the surgical treatment has been established by the investigation of immediate and late results of the treatment of 118 patients with lung cancer aged from 70 to 84. The postoperative lethality was 17,8%, the 5-year survival being 25,8% of the patients discharged from the hospital. No biologically specific features of lung carcinoma in patients older than 70 were found which could promise longer life of such patients without surgery. PMID- 6612935 TI - [Venous thrombosis and its complications in patients with acute arterial occlusion]. AB - The authors have studied the incidence of deep venous thromboses and embolism of pulmonary artery branches in patients with acute arterial occlusion. Autopsies of 1279 patients with acute arterial occlusion have revealed thrombosis of main veins in 219 patients (17,1%), embolism of the pulmonary artery branches--in 132 patients (10,3%), thromboembolism of pulmonary arteries being diagnosed in life time in 19 patients only (14,4%). Venous thrombosis was revealed in 25 of 33 patients with acute arterial occlusion by distal phlebography, retrograde iliocavagraphy or radioisotopic phlebography. In 5 patients with floating thrombosis of the iliac or inferior caval vein umbrella cava-filters were implanted in order to prevent an embolism of the pulmonary artery. The investigation of the venous system in patients with acute arterial occlusion is shown to be necessary. PMID- 6612936 TI - [Differential diagnosis of malignant and chronic stomach ulcers]. AB - The authors have generalized the experience with complex gastrological examination of 90 patients with malignant and 200 patients with chronic gastric ulcers. It has been established that of special significance for differential diagnosis are changes in the character of the pain syndrome, data of roentgenological examination and fibro-gastroscopy. PMID- 6612937 TI - [Reconstructive and restorative surgery in impaired intactness and patency of the bile ducts in the portal fissure]. AB - Results of 172 operations in 145 patients with impaired integrity and passability of bile ducts in portal hepatic fissure are analyzed. Tumorous injuries of the ducts were revealed in 90 patients, 55 patients had "benign" injuries of the ducts. Recommendations for the methods of operative interventions are given. PMID- 6612938 TI - [Prolonged peridural anesthesia in the treatment of acute pancreatitis]. AB - An analysis of results of continuous peridural anesthesia in 65 patients with inflammatory and traumatic injuries of the pancreas has shown the effectiveness of an analgetic effect and favourable influence of blockade on motor activity of the intestine. The author describes complications, indications and contraindications. PMID- 6612939 TI - [Complications of acute destructive pancreatitis and their treatment]. AB - On the basis of an analysis of the treatment of 51 patients with complications of acute destructive pancreatitis (parapancreatic infiltrations with or without suppurations, intestinal fistulas, arrosive bleedings) the authors find it necessary to fulfil an adequate drainage of the pathological focus, permanent continuous washing with antiseptic solutions and active aspiration of the content. PMID- 6612940 TI - [Comparative characteristics of methods of evaluation of plasma toxicity and severity of toxemia in acute diffuse peritonitis]. AB - Experimental and clinical investigations have established the method of biological testing on mice and the leukocyte index of intoxication to be objective and reliable criteria for the estimation of the blood plasma toxicity and the degree of intoxication. PMID- 6612941 TI - [Regional infusion and superselective embolization in organ-preserving surgical treatment of kidney diseases]. AB - The authors describe the method of regional continuous infusion into the renal artery of antibacterial cocktails used in 8 patients (cavernous tuberculosis of the kidney in 4 patients, purulent injury of the parenchyma in 4 patients) and the method of superselective embolization of the renal artery branches before the organ-preserving operation performed in 2 patients. PMID- 6612942 TI - [Surgical treatment of spinal tuberculosis and its complications]. AB - On the basis of an experience with the treatment of complicated forms of tuberculous spondylitis the authors discuss indications for the operation, methods of preoperative preparing, variants of the operative measures depending on localization of the process, postoperative management. Good remote results were obtained in 27 patients after surgery, satisfactory results in 29 patients. PMID- 6612943 TI - [Ultrasound in treatment of purulent wounds]. PMID- 6612944 TI - [Reaction of morphological dissociation of coagulated blood in patients with venous diseases of the lower extremities]. PMID- 6612946 TI - [Surgical treatment of avulsion fractures in elderly and aged patients]. AB - On the basis of the treatment of 18 patients with avulsion fractures of the kneepan, tip of the elbow and condyle of the femur the authors recommend to use osteosynthesis with a tightening loop. PMID- 6612945 TI - [Comparative evaluation of antishock activity of various Soviet pharmacological agents]. AB - On the basis of experimental and clinical studies the authors recommend to use mebikar with promedol in complex with other drugs for the treatment of traumatic shock in the prehospital and hospital periods. It was found to substantially improve results of the antishock therapy. PMID- 6612947 TI - [Stab-incised wound of the liver and gallbladder with massive hemorrhage]. PMID- 6612948 TI - [Central extensive liver rupture with avulsion of the gallbladder]. PMID- 6612949 TI - [Stomach bezoars in children]. PMID- 6612950 TI - [Crohn disease in a 10-year-old child]. PMID- 6612952 TI - Symposium on herd health--cow-calf & feedlot. PMID- 6612951 TI - [Blocked endoprosthesis of the shoulder joint]. PMID- 6612953 TI - Breeding programs for a commercial cow-calf herd. PMID- 6612954 TI - The control of acute undifferentiated diarrhea of newborn beef calves. AB - A management system designed to control diarrhea in newborn beef calves has been outlined. The calving herd is moved from the wintering grounds to previously prepared, comfortable calving grounds. The herd is divided into small subunits for surveillance of calving. The calving areas should be well-bedded, and a natural or artificial windbreak should be provided. All parts of the calving grounds should be readily accessible. Every effort is made to ensure that calves receive a liberal supply of colostrum within hours after birth. Obstetrical assistance is provided as necessary to ensure that all calves are born vigorous. At 24 hours of age, the cow-calf pair is moved out of the calving grounds to the nursery pasture. Diarrheic calves are moved to an isolation area and treated accordingly. The system is successful because the newborn calf is moved from contaminated areas of high population density to areas of lower population density that are less contaminated with the common enteropathogens. Under certain circumstances, the vaccination of the dam in late pregnancy with E. coli K99+ bacterins may be beneficial as an aid to the control of the disease. PMID- 6612955 TI - Health and production records for the beef herd. PMID- 6612956 TI - Examination of the bull for breeding soundness. PMID- 6612957 TI - Preventive medicine in the feedlot. AB - Controlling feedlot disease is not an easy task. Veterinarians and feedlot managers face a very complex problem with continually changing conditions. A management plan should be carefully developed by the veterinarian in consultation with the manager, nutritionist, and other advisors. A management system based on continual disease surveillance, adequate records, and written treatment protocols and preventive plans will greatly assist in reducing death losses in feedlots. PMID- 6612958 TI - Animal health and production in the commercial beef herd and feedlot. PMID- 6612959 TI - Maintenance of a high level of reproductive performance in the beef cow herd. AB - To insure a high consistent reproductive program in a cow herd, 90 to 95 per cent of the cows must calve early each year and wean a heavy calf. To accomplish this, the producer should follow these steps: 1. Feed heifers to reach a target weight consistent with their breed. 2. Breed heifers 45 days to a bull known to sire small calves (Longhorn or Jersey or a proven bull within a breed). Also consider cows with Brahman blood to decrease birth weight. 3. Use a 60-day breeding season in the cow herd. 4. Have cows in good to moderate body condition at calving time. 5. Have cows gaining weight three weeks before breeding and during the breeding season. 6. Remove calves for 48 hours at the start of the breeding season. 7. Breed to fertile bulls. PMID- 6612960 TI - Examination of bulls for libido and breeding ability. PMID- 6612961 TI - Factors influencing morbidity and mortality in feedlot calves in Ontario. PMID- 6612962 TI - Nutrition and management of stressed beef calves. PMID- 6612963 TI - Synergism between Mycoplasma bovis and Pasteurella haemolytica in calf pneumonia. PMID- 6612964 TI - Acute pulmonary oedema as an adverse reaction to the use of xylazine in sheep. PMID- 6612965 TI - Firing and blistering of horses. PMID- 6612966 TI - Cold cow syndrome. PMID- 6612967 TI - Isolation of coronavirus from neonatal calves with pneumoenteritis in India. PMID- 6612968 TI - Paste preparation of phenylbutazone. PMID- 6612970 TI - Outbreak of chlamydial abortion in goats. PMID- 6612969 TI - Incidence of lameness in dairy cows. AB - A survey of the number of treatments for lameness in 21,000 dairy cows from 185 herds in the University of Edinburgh/Dalgety Spillers dairy herd health and productivity service in England and Wales showed an average incidence of cases of 25 per cent. Veterinary surgeons treated 6.3 per cent and farmers 18.7 per cent and 1.4 per cent of cows were culled because of lameness. Monthly and regional variations were recorded. An assessment of the economic effects suggested that the average annual cost in a 100 cow herd was 1175 pounds with an overall cost to British farmers of more than 35 million pounds. The economic importance is such that research into specific factors affecting foot health should be carried out. Meanwhile, a broad approach to prevention and control of lameness on farms is recommended under the general headings of management/environment, nutrition and breeding. PMID- 6612971 TI - Small intestinal reaction to suture materials in cattle. PMID- 6612972 TI - Lead poisoning in captive birds of prey. PMID- 6612973 TI - Problems of booster vaccinations. PMID- 6612974 TI - Use of a heat detection paste on dairy cattle in France. AB - The aim of the present study was to evaluate the merits of a coloured paste applied to cows as an aid to heat detection in a dairy herd. It was performed on 110 French Friesian cows under a loose housing system over one year. For comparison, the results of the previous year, with no paste application, were also computed. Results of heat detection by the herdsman and by paste removal were compared to expected ovulations assessed by regular rectal palpation and, or, plasma or milk progesterone patterns. The paste system improved the percentages of oestrus detection of post partum and post inseminated cyclic cows by 26 and 22 per cent respectively, compared to the previous year. Overall missed heat incidence was 15 per cent and over estimation was negligible (less than 5 per cent). The mean durability period of the paste in the absence of mounting was 13 days. This suggests that to achieve the above mentioned results, application of paste should be performed at least every two weeks when no previous heat has been recorded, or only once, two weeks after service to check for non-pregnancy. PMID- 6612975 TI - Transmission of Pasteurella multocida infection from the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) to domestic poultry. PMID- 6612976 TI - Neurofibrosarcoma in a 19-year-old cat. PMID- 6612977 TI - Isolation of potentially pathogenic bacteria from healthy mambas (Dendroaspis species). PMID- 6612978 TI - Antibiotic resistant Pasteurella haemolytica. PMID- 6612979 TI - Experimental bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis. PMID- 6612980 TI - Rabies. PMID- 6612981 TI - The isolation and preliminary characterization of a rhabdovirus in Australia related to bovine ephemeral fever virus. AB - CSIRO 368 virus was isolated from blood collected in the Northern Territory from a healthy cow and electron microscope studies showed that the isolate had rhabdovirus morphology. Fluorescent antibody studies and complement fixation tests related the virus to bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) virus. Neutralization tests in both suckling mice and Vero cells showed that the virus was not BEF virus. Antibodies to CSIRO 368 virus were found in cattle sera from northern and eastern Australia and Papua New Guinea. Antibodies were found in 16 out of 45 buffalo, some of which also had antibodies to BEF virus. In contrast, none of the 419 deer tested had antibodies to CSIRO 368 virus, although 142 of the same deer had antibodies to BEF virus. No antibodies to CSIRO 368 virus were detected in 16 goats, 54 horses, 10 pigs, 31 sheep, 25 kangaroos, or 14 human beings. Both CSIRO 368 and BEF viruses were found to be sensitive to ether and chloroform, but were not affected by the DNA inhibitor 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine, showing that they probably had the same type of nucleic acid--namely RNA. CSIRO 368 was also shown to grow to higher titres in BHK21 cells than in Vero cells. Temperature sensitivity studies at -20, 4 and 37 degrees C showed that the presence of foetal calf serum increased the survival time markedly at -20 degrees C, but only slightly at 4 and 37 degrees C. The virus survived the longest at -20 degrees C in the presence of foetal calf serum. PMID- 6612982 TI - Human influenza virus infection in mink: serological evidence of infection in summer and autumn. AB - During the period from July to November 1981, 42 out of 128 young mink of a flock were found to possess antibodies against the viruses A/Bangkok/1/79 (H3N2) and A/Kumamoto/37/79 (H1N1), which were currently prevailing human influenza viruses. Seroconversion against A/Bangkok/1/79 was found in 12 mink from August to November. HI antibody titers of greater than 1: 128 were found in 8 out of 42 mink at the first examination in July and August. These findings suggest that infection with these human influenza viruses was present in this flock during the period from birth (the beginning of May) to autumn, the non-prevalent season in man. Attempts at virus isolation were unsuccessful. PMID- 6612983 TI - Delayed-type skin hypersensitivity and in vitro lymphocyte immunostimulation responses of swine following inoculation with Mycobacterium avium cell walls and a mycobacterial immunopotentiating glycolipid. AB - Miniature swine (n = 5 per group) were inoculated intradermally with mineral oil in-water emulsions containing either 150 micrograms of mycobacterial immunopotentiating glycolipid P3 (EP3), 150 micrograms of lyophilized Mycobacterium avium (serotype 8) cell walls (E-MaCW), or 150 micrograms P3 and 150 micrograms M. avium cell walls (EP3-MaCW). Swine vaccinated with E-MaCW and EP3-MaCW developed antigen-sensitive lymphocytes detectable with delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin tests and lymphocyte transformation assays. Swine injected with EP3 were not sensitized. In general EP3-MaCW evoked a more pronounced in vivo DTH tuberculin skin test and in vitro lymphocyte transformation responses than E-MaCW. Time-course studies indicated a more persistent response in swine injected with EP3-MaCW than in those given E-MaCW. Commercial type Yorkshire swine (n = 5) inoculated intradermally with EP3-MaCW developed cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses to avian tuberculin detectable in vivo with delayed-type skin hypersensitivity and in vitro with lymphocyte immunostimulation responses. PMID- 6612984 TI - Potentiation of the canine lymphocyte blastogenic response by indomethacin. AB - Cultivation of normal canine peripheral blood lymphocytes in the presence of indomethacin, a potent prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, produced a consistent potentiation of their in vitro response to mitogenic stimulation as compared to cultures without indomethacin. The enhancing effect of indomethacin increased with decreasing concentrations of mitogens. Indomethacin had to be added to the cultures during the first four hours for the potentiating effect to be observed. These data suggest that prostaglandins may play an important role in the regulation of the dog's immune response. PMID- 6612985 TI - Further purification and characterisation of horse IgE. AB - Horse IgE was isolated from a serum pool collected from foals naturally infected with endoparasites. The serum was precipitated with ammonium sulfate, delipidated with dextran sulfate and further purified by gel filtration, anionic exchange, immunosorption or preparative polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis. By these methods IgE could be isolated at a purity of 81%. The sera from rabbits immunized with the purified horse serum fractions were tested using reversed passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). By the ELISA method cross reaction of rabbit anti horse IgE sera to human, mouse and rat myeloma IgE was demonstrated. Rat myeloma IgE also served to monitor the production of antibodies to horse IgE in rabbits. PMID- 6612986 TI - Establishment of a cell line from leucocytes of a cow with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - A cell line was established from blood leucocytes of a cow with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The leucocytes were cultured with conditioned medium (culture fluid of mouse cell line L). In vitro cell transformation was demonstrated by adaptation to permanent growth, modification of cell morphology, the alteration of cell surface phenotype, kinetic behaviour and the loss of the euploid stability of the cell karyotype. Ultrastructural studies showed rather a uniform cell pattern in a culture population heterogeneous for degree of cell vacuolization. A wide variation in the expression of surface markers in cells was demonstrated by E-, EA- and EAC-rosetting. In suspension culture the cell population was found to be sIg negative. Expression of leukemia-associated antigens by a fraction of the cultured cells was evidenced by a cytotoxic technique using complement and heterologous antisera against bovine leukemic lymphocytes, absorbed with normal lymphoid cells. Virus-like particles and BLV antigens were not identified. Culture cells failed to show spontaneous or antibody-dependent killer cytotoxicity. Comparison with blood lymphocytes of healthy and leukemic cattle was done. The established culture should be useful as a model for experimental immunology and oncology. PMID- 6612988 TI - Demonstration of anti-muscle immunity in murine trichinellosis. AB - Swiss mice infected with Trichinella spiralis (I mice), or immunized with straight Freund's complete adjuvant (A mice) or with rat muscle extract (RME) in Freund's complete adjuvant (MA mice) were tested for skin reactivity against RME and compared with uninfected, unimmunized, tested controls (C mice). C, A and I mice infected for 32 days did not show any reaction; MA mice exhibited significant enlargement of the foot-pads at 24 h of the skin inoculation when tested 7 days after immunization and at 0.5, 5, 24 and 48 h of inoculation when tested 18 days after immunization. I mice infected for 3 months produced skin reactions at 0.5, 5 and 48 h of the inoculation. RME is antigenic in mice when injected with adjuvant and 3 month old T. spiralis infection elicits immediate, intermediate and delayed skin reactivities to heterologous muscle components. PMID- 6612987 TI - Sensitivity of smooth Salmonella cholerae-suis var kunzendorf to killing by porcine polymorphonuclear neutrophils and its relation to mouse virulence. AB - Twenty-two selected strains of Salmonella cholerae-suis var kunzendorf were evaluated for their in vitro susceptibility to the actions of porcine peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and/or antibody (Ab). Strains were divided into 2 groups based on their previously reported sensitivity or resistance to antibody-complement (Ab-C) lysis. Strains resistant to Ab-C lysis resisted killing by PMNs to a greater extent than strains susceptible to Ab-C lysis. In the absence of PMNs, dilute Ab alone enhanced the growth of the Ab-C sensitive strains over that of the Ab-C resistant strains. Each of the strains was also injected intraperitoneally into a group of 5 mice. Four strains were totally avirulent for mice and the other 18 strains had a mean time to death of 5.1 +/- 1.8 d. PMNs killed bacteria in both the virulent and avirulent groups but no significant differences were observed. Antibody alone had a stimulating effect on the virulent strains but no effect on the avirulent strains. The difference between these groups was highly significant P = .005. PMID- 6612989 TI - Acquired cellular responsiveness in cattle cleared of Anaplasma marginale 28 months earlier. AB - The leukocyte migration inhibition test (LMIT) was used to assess cell-mediated immune responses of cattle against Anaplasma marginale. Leukocytes from 7 of 11 cows that had been cleared of the carrier state by antibiotic therapy 28 months earlier were inhibited from their normal migration by A. marginale antigens (P less than 0.001). After reexposure to virulent organisms, all animals were positive to the LMIT. There was not a significant relationship (r = 0.49) between LMIT values before and after reexposure. Results suggest that animals free of anaplasmosis for more than 2 years are capable of cell-mediated immune responses, despite decreased in vitro responsiveness at the time of reexposure. Acquired cellular responses did not prevent reinfection as all animals became A. marginale carriers. PMID- 6612990 TI - Genetic variation among dengue 2 viruses of different geographic origin. AB - Genetic variation in dengue 2 isolates from various geographic areas was examined by oligonucleotide fingerprinting of the 40 S genome RNA. Oligonucleotide maps of geographically isolated and epidemiologically unrelated viruses were very distinct. Direct comparison of the oligonucleotide map of the dengue 2 prototype New Guinea 2 virus, isolated in 1944, with the fingerprints of more recent isolates from the South Pacific indicated that the genome of dengue 2 virus had undergone extensive change although the viruses are serologically indistinguishable. The oligonucleotide map of an isolate from a recent case in Jamaica and a mosquito isolate from Upper Volta, Africa, were recognized to be almost identical, suggesting that virus may have been introduced into the Caribbean from West Africa. Likewise, the fingerprints of isolates from Puerto Rico and the South Pacific shared 80 to 95% of their large oligonucleotides, suggesting that the virus involved in these epidemics may have spread throughout Tahiti, American Samoa, Fiji, and to Puerto Rico in the Caribbean or vice versa. On the basis of these studies, five genetic variants or topotypes of dengue 2 virus have been established: (1) Puerto Rico-South Pacific, (2) Burma-Thailand, (3) the Seychelles, (4) the Philippines, and (5) Jamaica-West Africa. Oligonucleotide fingerprinting offers a highly sensitive and reproducible technical approach to the investigation of dengue 2 virus intratypic variation and possibly to the understanding of the biological variation associated with dengue fever and hemorrhagic disease. PMID- 6612991 TI - Phenotypic variation in influenza virus reassortants with identical gene constellations. AB - To determine which gene segments of influenza A viruses are responsible for the property of tissue tropism, reassortants were produced between the avian influenza strain, A/Mal/NY/6750/78 [H2N2] (Mal/NY), and a human strain, A/Udorn/307/72 [H3N2] (Udorn). The avian strain replicates in the intestinal tract of ducks and the human strain does not. Eight reassortants were shown by hybridization analysis to have the same gene constellation, having received hemagglutinin gene segment 4 from Udorn and the remaining seven gene segments from Mal/NY. With one exception, all reassortants containing the Udorn HA were restricted in their ability to traverse the digestive tract of ducks and replicate therein. The exception, reassortant R2, replicated to high titers in the intestinal tract. The R2 virus was shown to possess a hemagglutinin molecule that was antigenically distinguishable from the Udorn parent with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. The virus was "nonavid" in reaction with antihemagglutinin antibodies and was phenotypically similar to avian influenza viruses. The results suggest that the R2 hemagglutinin has undergone mutation(s) altering tissue tropism and antigenic properties of the virus. These studies illustrate the importance of the hemagglutinin gene in determining tissue tropism and present an example of phenotypic variation in a virus population with the same gene constellation but do not exclude a requirement for other gene products. PMID- 6612992 TI - Selection for temperature-sensitive mutations in specific vaccinia virus genes: isolation and characterization of a virus mutant which encodes a phosphonoacetic acid-resistant, temperature-sensitive DNA polymerase. AB - Seven temperature-sensitive mutants of vaccinia virus have been isolated after preselection for virus resistant to phosphonoacetic acid (PAA). In all seven mutants, the PAA-resistant (PAAr) and ts lesions represent separate mutations. In one mutant, NG26, the PAAr (NG26-PAAr) and ts (NG26-ts) mutations are very closely linked. Both NG26-ts and NG26-PAAr map in the HindIII E DNA fragment. NG26 has a DNA-negative phenotype at 40 degrees. NG26-ts is in the same complementation group as ts42, another DNA-negative mutant which maps in the HindIII E DNA fragment (R. C. Condit, A. Motyczka, and G. Spizz, Virology 128, 000-000, 1983). The order of the mutations is (NG26-ts)-(NG26-PAAr)-ts42. The virus-coded DNA polymerase has been partially purified from wt- and NG26-infected cells. The DNA polymerase encoded by NG26 is temperature sensitive and PAA resistant in vitro as compared to the wt enzyme. PMID- 6612993 TI - Nonsense mutations affecting the lengths of the NS1 nonstructural proteins of influenza A virus isolates. AB - The proteins from cells infected with influenza A virus field isolates were labeled with [35S]methionine and analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. By screening more than 100 field isolates, it was found that the NS1 proteins had the greatest mobility differences, far exceeding those observed among other corresponding viral polypeptides. Partial sequence determination of RNA segment eight from 12 viruses revealed the existence of nonsense mutations at six different positions in their NS1 coding regions. The termination codons consisted of opal, ochre, and amber mutations. The sizes predicted from these sequences of 202, 217, 219, 220, 230, and 237 amino acids were in agreement with the observed mobilities of the viral polypeptides on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. The observation of large deletions in the carboxy termini of the NS1 proteins of field virus isolates would suggest that a high degree of variation can be tolerated in this polypeptide without affecting its functional capability. PMID- 6612994 TI - A replication-efficient mutant of West Nile virus is insensitive to DI particle interference. AB - A previous report described the isolation of a mutant of West Nile virus (WNV) from culture fluid obtained from persistently infected genetically resistant C3H/RV mouse cells that replicates significantly more efficiently in cultures of C3H/RV cells than does the parental virus. This replication-efficient mutant, designated RE-WNV, has now been found to be insensitive to interference by WNV defective interfering (DI) particles. This characteristic was demonstrated by several means. The RE-WNV mutant was able to superinfect persistently infected cultures that were no longer producing detectable parental virus, while the parental virus was not. Good yields of the mutant virus were produced during six serial undiluted passages of RE-WNV in both resistant C3H/RV and congenic susceptible C3H/HE cells. In contrast, during passage of parental virus in C3H/RV cells, progeny virus could not be detected after the third passage, due to an enhanced interference by WNV DI particles with standard virus replication in these cells. The RE-WNV was also insensitive to interference by a pool of parental virus enriched for DI particles. Analysis of the mutant genome by oligonucleotide fingerprinting indicated that the genome RNA of the mutant differs by two unique spots from the parental RNA. The relevance of this mutant to the eventual understanding of the mechanism by which C3H/RV and C3H/HE cells manifest their flavivirus-specific difference in the efficiency of progeny virus production is discussed. PMID- 6612995 TI - Expression of the native alpha and beta interferon genes in human cells. AB - We have investigated the expression of human interferon (IFN)-related transcripts in Sendai virus-induced lymphoblastoid (Namalwa) cells and in poly(I) X poly(C) induced fibroblast (FS-4) cells by electrophoresis of RNA through agarose-CH3HgOH gels followed by (a) blot hybridization of the RNA using IFN-alpha 1 and IFN-beta 1 cDNA probes, and (b) translation of the eluted RNA into biologically active IFN using the Xenopus laevis oocyte assay. In Namalwa cells induced with or without prior treatment with bromodeoxyuridine we can detect IFN-alpha 1 hybridizable, translationally active, cytoplasmic RNA of lengths 0.3-0.6, 2-3, 3.5-5, and 7-8 kb in addition to the expected 0.8-1.4-kb RNA and IFN-beta 1-hybridizable, translationally active, cytoplasmic RNA of lengths 0.9 kb and approximately 4 kb. However the translationally active 1.8-kb IFN-alpha L mRNA(s) in Namalwa cells (P. B. Sehgal, May, LaForge, and Inouye, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 79, 6932-6936, 1982) appears to have less than 60-70% nucleotide sequence homology with IFN alpha 1 in the coding region because it does not cross-hybridize IFN-alpha 1 cDNA even under very relaxed hybridization conditions. In induced FS-4 cells we can detect IFN-beta 1-hybridizable and translationally active cellular RNA of lengths 0.3-0.4, 0.65, 0.9, 1.8, 2-3, 3.5-5, and 7-8 kb. No hybridization is detected in RNA of length 1.3 kb ("IFN-beta 2 mRNA"). Direct comparisons between the translation and hybridization data using dot-blot hybridization procedures confirm that the apparently subcistronic 0.35-kb IFN-beta 1 hybridizable-RNA species detected in FS-4 cells is translationally active. PMID- 6612997 TI - Nerve fiber layer of the primate retina: thickness and glial content. AB - A topographic map of nerve fiber layer thickness was prepared from serial sections of the retina of the cynomolgus monkey. Montage electron micrographs of the nerve fiber layer were used to determine the relative proportions of axons and of glial processes within a given nerve fiber bundle at various positions across the retina. The cross-sectional area of nerve fiber bundles occupied by glia was never less than 18%, and in most cases was 20-30%. The proportion of glia in the bundles varied from point to point across the retina without respect to nerve fiber layer thickness and at some locations was as much as 42%. PMID- 6612996 TI - Analysis of Ad5 hexon and 100K ts mutants using conformation-specific monoclonal antibodies. AB - Adenovirus type 5 ts mutants deficient in hexon metabolism were investigated using conformation-specific monoclonal antibodies directed against hexon capsomeres and the viral 100K protein. The ts mutants map either in the hexon structural gene or in the gene encoding the 100K protein, a major, late nonstructural protein. All of the mutants examined (ts1, ts2, ts3, ts4, ts17, and ts20 of J. F. Williams, M. Gharpure, S. Ustacelebi, and S. McDonald (1971). J. Gen. Virol. 11, 95-101) were unable to produce the capsomeric form of hexon (a trimer of three hexon monomers) at the nonpermissive temperature. However, all of the mutants retained the ability to produce a complex of 100K and hexon which has been demonstrated to play a major role in the assembly of hexon trimers. The mutants accumulated nontrimerized hexon in this ts complex in the perinuclear region of the cell. Several of the mutants (ts1, ts2, ts3) were found to successfully assemble hexon synthesized at the nonpermissive temperature upon shift down to the permissive temperature, even in the presence of a protein synthesis inhibitor. The mutant, ts2, which maps in the hexon structural gene, was found to be dependent on protein synthesis for transport of hexon trimers into the nucleus during temperature shift down, while the 100K ts mutants, ts1 and ts3, were independent of protein synthesis for both hexon assembly and transport. PMID- 6612998 TI - Shifts in perceived size due to masking. AB - It has been suggested that perceived size depends upon the distribution of responses among a localized population of different size-tuned mechanisms. If so, then spatial frequency masking, which alters the distribution of responses, should produce shifts in a test pattern's perceived size. We have found this to be the case. The magnitude and direction of the shifts depend only on the frequency difference in octaves (delta omega) between mask and standard. The results are not antisymmetric about the point delta omega = 0, however, as they would be if perceived size were based purely on local size-tuning properties. Our results suggest that size perception depends both on these local properties and on the spatial distribution of mechanism responses. PMID- 6612999 TI - The development of light adaptation in human infants. AB - Increment threshold functions were measured from -4.0 to 1.2 log cd/m2 in 7-12 week-old infants using a behavioral forced-choice paradigm. The slopes of the infant functions were considerably shallower than the slopes of adult functions over the same luminance range. The value of the infant slope increased rapidly between 7 and 12 weeks postnatally. A number of explanations for this developmental shift are considered. It is concluded that changes with age in either spatial summation or intensity-response function gain could cause the increase in slope. PMID- 6613000 TI - Pupillary escape intensified by large pupillary size. AB - Pupil responses to light are greatly influenced by initial pupil size. Small pupils, operating under photopic conditions, show tonic responses to step increases of light and high gains; thus the pupil is a good regulator of light. Large pupils, operating under mesopic or scotopic conditions show phasic responses, "pupillary escape", and smaller gains; the pupil only transiently influences retinal flux. By using accommodation level to set the size of the pupil, the mechanism of the "pupil size effect" is shown to be dependent on retinal light level only so far as retinal activity sets pupil size. PMID- 6613001 TI - Visual accommodation in the flying fox (Pteropus giganteus). AB - The flying fox, Pteropus giganteus, possesses a papillated retina and was previously thought to lack a mechanism for active accommodation. An investigation of the anatomy and physiology of accommodation in this megachiropteran bat revealed that it has a well developed ciliary muscle and that it can actively accommodate through a range of at least 3.12 D. In addition, it was found that the origin of the retinoscopic reflex does not reside in the receptor layer of the retina, because the focus of the eye is invariant for small changes of angle of refraction. PMID- 6613002 TI - Spatial sensitization and desensitization with small adapting fields: interactions of signals from different classes of cones. AB - Thresholds for brief, tiny flashes were measured on small adapting fields at 5 degrees retinal eccentricity. Rod influences was eliminated by bleaching. Green and red small adapting fields raised the threshold for a green test flash by stimulating both middle and long wave cones-thus spatial desensitization by small adapting fields is not con-specific. However, a small adapting field that strongly stimulated only short wave cones did not affect the visibility of a long wave flash. Spatial sensitization was also measured, using green or red annuli that surrounded a small red field and green test probe. Sensitization was not cone-specific. Possible mechanisms producing desensitization with small fields and annular sensitization are discussed. PMID- 6613003 TI - The possible elemental nature of brown. AB - The continuous judgmental color-naming technique was used to assess the elemental nature of names descriptive of dark colors. Subjects were instructed to describe the color of a 0.54 deg. 2.5 log td test field of either 450, 530, 580 or 660 nm, that was surrounded by an achromatic annulus of 3.8 deg outer diameter. The annulus was varied in retinal illuminance from 1.5 to 3.7 log td. Test field and annulus were flashed simultaneously for 1 sec to the fovea of one eye. Results from 3 subjects indicated that the names blue, green, red and black were necessary and sufficient for describing the 450, 530 and 600 nm test fields. The 580 nm test field required the color name brown, in addition to the names yellow and black, to describe it when intermediate surround intensities were used. Additional results suggested the possible elemental nature of the color name brown. PMID- 6613004 TI - Displacement limits, directional anisotropy and direction versus form discrimination in random-dot cinematograms. AB - Apparent motion mediated by the short-range process was studied. Random-dot cinematograms were used to determine the maximum displacement (dmax) for motion direction and pattern discrimination. dmax is the maximum spatial separation between a correlated region (target) in the two successively presented random-dot images, when observers can correctly identify the direction of motion or the shape of the target. We have found that: (1) dmax for motion-direction discrimination increases with the square root of the display area; (2) dmax is invariant with eccentricities of 4 deg arc; (3) For rectangular targets and brief presentations, dmax increases with increases of that target-dimension which is parallel to the orientation of the movement. These findings indicate that short range movement perception is an orientation specific global process. Furthermore, motion-direction discrimination and pattern discrimination of random-dot cinematograms may be mediated by different levels of processes. However, even for pattern discrimination dmax in visual angle increases with increased target area. PMID- 6613005 TI - Distinguishing opponent and non-opponent detection pathways in early dark adaptation. AB - Desensitization of the red-green opponent pathway was demonstrated in early dark adaptation with the aid of a test chosen to isolate that pathway. Isolation was achieved by requiring the observer to adjust the intensity of a foveal test light to the threshold for flicker, when the test alternated slowly between luminance matched red and yellow fields. The luminance matches were precise enough that only an opponent pathway could mediate the flicker thresholds. Desensitization occurred after continuous light adaptation to 626 nm fields, but did not occur after adaptation to yellow fields, or if the 626 nm field was turned on and off at 2 Hz throughout adaptation. The properties of the red-green pathway measured with the flicker thresholds resemble those of the yellow-blue pathway as shown in transient tritanopla. PMID- 6613006 TI - An oblique effect of spatial summation. AB - Contrast thresholds for sinewave gratings were measured as a function of the number of cycles in the grating for two different orientations and three spatial frequencies. At high spatial frequencies, where an oblique effect of contrast sensitivity was demonstrated, there was a greater increase in contrast sensitivity as a function of the number of cycles for the vertical gratings than for oblique gratings. At a lower spatial frequency, where the contrast sensitivity anisotropy was greatly diminished, both orientations displayed a similar increase in contrast sensitivity when the number of cycles in the gratings was increased. PMID- 6613007 TI - The impulse response of a movement-detecting neuron and its interpretation. AB - When a visual pattern undergoes a brief displacement, the response of the neuron depends primarily upon the size of the displacement. One measures a tradeoff between velocity and duration of motion, analogous to the reciprocal relationship between intensity and duration in the perception of a brief flash of light (Bloch's law). Characterizing the movement detector by its "impulse response" could be useful in predicting the response to arbitrary motions. PMID- 6613008 TI - The induced effect: a reply to the arguments of Mayhew and Frisby. PMID- 6613009 TI - Visual fields for frontal plane motion and for changing size. AB - Thresholds were measured in 15 subjects for 2-Hz oscillations of size and for 2 Hz oscillatory motion in the frontal plane using test squares of side lengths 0.5 degrees, 1.0 degrees and 2.0 degrees. Size-oscillation thresholds were lowest (i.e. sensitivity was greatest) for the 2.0 degrees square while thresholds were highest (i.e. sensitivity was least) for the 0.5 degrees square in 28 of 34 tests. Frontal plane motion thresholds, on the other hand, did not generally depend on square size. Equal-threshold contours in the visual field were roughly elliptical in 10 of 13 subjects for both types of oscillation. None of 13 subjects had visual field defects for oscillating-size or frontal plane motion, in contrast with the known incidence of stereo-motion scotomata. One subject was known to be selectively "blind" to stereoscopically-oscillating disparity in some areas of the visual field, but oscillating-size sensitivity was normal in these regions, thus preserving an alternative basis for motion-in-depth judgments. PMID- 6613010 TI - Temporal integration following intensification of long-lasting visual displays. AB - Duration of visible persistence is known to be inversely related to the duration of the inducing stimulus, within a critical interval estimated at between 100 and 150 msec. Stimuli longer than the critical interval yield little or no persistence. Six experiments investigated whether a brief period of intensification at the end of a stimulus longer than the critical interval could restore visible persistence. In the first experiment, a punctate stimulus ceased to give rise to visible persistence at exposure durations longer than the critical interval. The second experiment showed that persistence could be restored to a long display by briefly intensifying the component dots just before the end of the display. The remaining four experiments explored the limits and the distinguishing characteristics of this effect. Two alternative explanations of the results are described and evaluated. PMID- 6613012 TI - The spectral shape of A2 visual pigments. AB - A mathematical description is proposed for the shape of absorption spectra of A2 visual pigments in which the shape continuously varies with peak wavelength lambdamax. The description consists of two parts: (a) the peak and short wavelength region is described by the sum of three lognormal curves and (b) the long wavelength region is derived from an existing physical model, including temperature dependence. The resulting function can be used as a basis for action spectra, also if a large long wavelength tail is present. The parameters of the functions as a function of lambdamax were assessed by fitting experimental goldfish rod and cone spectra. By interpolation of these parameters spectra can be calculated for lambdamax values all over the visual spectrum. PMID- 6613011 TI - Contrast sensitivity throughout adulthood. AB - Previous studies of spatial contrast sensitivity in adulthood have produced conflicting results. To clarify the situation, we measured contrast sensitivity functions on a large sample of adults (n = 91), ranging in age from 19 to 87. All observers were free from significant ocular pathology and were individually refracted for the test distance. Sensitivity for stationary gratings of low spatial frequency remained the same throughout adulthood. At higher spatial frequencies, sensitivity decreased with age beginning around 40 to 50 years. When a low spatial frequency grating was drifted, young adults' sensitivity improved by a factor of 4-5 over sensitivity to a static grating; this motion enhancement was markedly diminished in adults over 60 years, implying an impairment of temporal processing in the elderly. Reduced retinal illuminance characteristic of the aged eye could account for a large part of older adults' deficit in spatial vision, but appeared to play little role in their deficit in temporal vision. PMID- 6613013 TI - Transient processing in chromatic induction. AB - The non-additivity of steady backgrounds and superimposed test flashes was investigated with 25 observers using a hue cancellation procedure. The subject's task was to vary the ratio of two lights comprising an incremental test flash (delta R/delta G) so as to maintain a unique yellow hue (i.e. red-green equilibrium) in the presence of a long-wavelength adapting background. Measurements were obtained for four different luminances of the test flash (for each background), covering a range of 1.5-2.0 log units. The adaptive hue shifts generally support Walraven's finding that the background affects the hue of the test flash only by way of altering the spectral sensitivities of the receptors, but it does not add to the hue signals from the test flash. PMID- 6613014 TI - The cone threshold: spatial interactions of rod and cone adapting signals. AB - Steady small blue adapting fields that stimulated only rods produced large threshold elevations for a superimposed tiny red flash that stimulated cones. The threshold elevation differed considerably between observers, confirming the results of Buck (Topical Meeting on Recent Advances in Vision, abstract in Technical Digest, 1980; Invest. Ophthal, visual Sci., Suppl. 20, 207, 1981). A red annulus that stimulated cones reduced slightly the threshold elevation produced by the small rod adapting field. Similarly, when the cone threshold was elevated by a small red field that stimulated only cones, a blue annulus that stimulated rods slightly reduced the threshold of the red cone test flash. These effects, although weak, demonstrate lateral sensitizing interactions between a cone center field and rod annulus, and vice versa, when the cone threshold is assessed with a tiny red flash. PMID- 6613015 TI - Comparison of the spatial response properties of the human retina and cortex as measured by simultaneously recorded pattern ERGs and VEPs. AB - Electroretinograms and visual evoked potentials were simultaneously recorded from adult subjects using a checkerboard pattern stimulus reversing at 0.94, 3.75 and 7.5 Hz. Two contrast levels were used: 30 and 85%. The data obtained from the cortex (VEPs) show spatial tuning properties for all temporal frequencies at both contrast levels, with the peak of the amplitude-check size function occurring between 15 and 30 min. Tuning properties were found at the retina but only at the high contrast level and for the faster (3.75 and 7.5 Hz) temporal frequencies. The results demonstrate that spatial tuning is present in the human retina but not under as wide a range of conditions as found at the cortex. PMID- 6613016 TI - Interocular transfer of colour-contingent threshold elevation. AB - Following adaptation to a moving coloured stimulus pattern the contrast threshold for detecting a similar moving pattern is raised. Threshold elevation is greatest when the adaptation and test patterns have the same direction of motion and the same colour. Unlike most other colour-contingent aftereffects, colour-specificity is preserved under dichoptic viewing conditions. The results are discussed in terms of possible underlying neural pathways in the visual system. PMID- 6613017 TI - Visual masking by flickering surrounds. AB - Observers detected drifting sine-wave gratings presented in a circular 3 dia test field which was surrounded by a 3.25 degrees wide annulus. Forced choice contrast thresholds were measured with surrounds consisting of a steady field of light or uniform sinusoidal flicker. The flickering surround raised detection thresholds only for gratings with spatial frequencies below 2-4 c/deg. Variations on the basic experiment revealed that: (1) low spatial frequency gratings drifting through the surround masked detection of uniform flicker presented to the center; (2) masking did not depend greatly on the drift rate of the test grating but could not be obtained with stationary targets; (3) flicker restricted to either the top or side borders of the test field was a sufficient condition to produce masking; (4) the size of the masking effect decreased with center-surround separation. These results suggest a destructive interaction between transient mechanisms subserving neighboring regions of the visual field. PMID- 6613018 TI - [Spectrum of echocardiographic findings in 400 individuals with mitral valve prolapse]. PMID- 6613019 TI - [Pericardial effusion in acute hypothyroidism]. PMID- 6613020 TI - [Step diagnosis of functional disorders of the thyroid gland. Practical use of the diagnostic approach and its evaluation]. PMID- 6613021 TI - [Echocardiography in the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 6613022 TI - [Relation between the length of the HV interval in the Hisogram and the clinical progress of chronic trifascicular disease]. PMID- 6613023 TI - [Immunologic cell receptors and their expression in plasmacytoma]. PMID- 6613024 TI - [Results of a long-term study of HBsAg in the blood in chronic liver disease]. PMID- 6613025 TI - [Preparation of a prothrombin complex concentrate for clinical use]. PMID- 6613026 TI - [IgA glomerulopathy (Berger's disease)]. PMID- 6613027 TI - [Less common findings in a patient with myxedema coma]. PMID- 6613028 TI - [Determination of ammonia levels in stored blood and in recipients after transfusion]. PMID- 6613029 TI - [Biochemical indicators of bone remodeling and their significance in the diagnosis and follow-up of metabolic osteopathies. A review of long-term experience]. PMID- 6613030 TI - [Biochemical monitoring of bone involvement in multiple myeloma]. PMID- 6613031 TI - [Contribution of single-dimension echocardiographic study in the diagnosis of Ebstein's anomaly]. PMID- 6613032 TI - [Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of complications in catheterization of the venous system]. PMID- 6613033 TI - [Haptoglobins in malignant diseases of the breast]. PMID- 6613034 TI - [Hepatobiliary scanning and its significance in the differential diagnosis of mechanical and hepatocellular jaundice]. PMID- 6613036 TI - [Use of hemoperfusion with the Adsorba 300 C cartridge in severe trichlorfon poisoning]. PMID- 6613035 TI - [Contribution to the evaluation of the fibrinogen test]. PMID- 6613037 TI - [Incidence of nephrologic diseases in the Department of Internal Medicine of the District Health System of Trencin in the past 5 years]. PMID- 6613038 TI - [Anemia in old age]. PMID- 6613039 TI - [Methods of cytodiagnosis in internal medicine]. PMID- 6613040 TI - [Monitoring pulmonary artery pressure in clinical practice]. PMID- 6613041 TI - [Vitamin D in health and disease]. PMID- 6613042 TI - [Medical ethics and medical deontology in the educational-training process]. PMID- 6613043 TI - [Various aspects of social and medical studies of young men of the pre conscription and conscription age]. PMID- 6613044 TI - [Stages and methods of diagnosis of drug allergy]. PMID- 6613045 TI - [Improving the quality and effectiveness of the training of military personnel]. PMID- 6613046 TI - [Physical work capacity of patients with acute rheumatism in the early rehabilitation period]. PMID- 6613047 TI - [Harmful substances released from industrial plants and the measures for rendering medical services in cases of poisoning]. PMID- 6613048 TI - [Organization of anti-rabies measures in the army]. PMID- 6613049 TI - [Informative value of function tests for detection of the causes of repolarization disorders of the myocardium in aircraft pilots]. PMID- 6613050 TI - [Effectiveness of various methods and drugs in the stimulation of adaptation and work capacity of sailors in the tropics]. PMID- 6613051 TI - [Initial experience with the hospital use of hemosorption]. PMID- 6613052 TI - [Diagnosis of penetrating gunshot injuries of the skull and brain using computerized tomography]. PMID- 6613053 TI - [Peace-time heart injuries]. PMID- 6613054 TI - [Main causes of error in the diagnosis of closed abdominal injuries]. PMID- 6613055 TI - [Acupuncture in the complex treatment of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6613056 TI - [Medical criteria of the selection of children for summer health camps]. PMID- 6613057 TI - [Clinical aspects and prevention of suppurative skin diseases in tropical climate]. PMID- 6613059 TI - [Cassette holder for electroroentgenography using the fluorographic apparatus]. PMID- 6613058 TI - [At the USSR public health exhibition]. PMID- 6613060 TI - [Sword-like knife for lacorhinostomy]. PMID- 6613061 TI - [Autonomic illuminator for binocular lens]. PMID- 6613062 TI - [Effect of impulse noise on the human body, its measurement and standardization]. PMID- 6613063 TI - [Thermography in ambulatory care of patients with breast cancer]. AB - The paper deals with the results of a 5-year dynamic thermographic study carried out in 78 out-patients with breast cancer. Thermographic procedure offers a means of timely detection of recurrences and metastases (those into bones included). Its diagnostic value consists in that symptoms, recurrences and metastases detectable by its application develop at an earlier stage than those detected by X-ray techniques and before clinical manifestations of the disease. Thermographic procedure is used for monitoring application of chemotherapy and its timely modification. Since it is not time-consuming and is absolutely harmless it should be used on a large scale for monitoring the condition of breast cancer patients and the efficacy of their treatment. PMID- 6613064 TI - [Pulsed laser radiation in the treatment of recurrences of breast cancer]. AB - Radiation from a pulsed laser installation Pulsar - 1000 (wavelength - 1.060 nm. pulse duration - 1 ms) was used in the treatment of 87 recurrences of breast cancer in 31 patients. Fluence ranged 300-450 J/cm2 depending on the depth of recurrence. No recurrence of the first relapse was registered within six months - three years after exposure to laser radiation. Pulsed laser radiation was shown to be an effective means of treatment of localized relapse of breast cancer which does not involve musculature or thoracic wall. Laser therapy should be considered a method of choice in patients who have previously undergone radiation treatment as well as in cases of clusters of advancing relapse. Laser treatment of recurrent breast cancer may be conducted in conjunction with chemo - or hormone therapy. PMID- 6613065 TI - [Malignization of pyloric ulcer]. AB - 214 patients with pyloric ulcer were examined. All of them underwent endoscopic examination of the upper parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Malignant pyloric ulcer was detected in 20 patients; 19 of them were operated on. Histological examination of the resected material established malignant transformation of chronic ulcer in 9 patients out of 20 (4.4% of all cases of chronic pyloric ulcer). A concept of pylorobulbaric ulcer is suggested. It was found that this type of ulcer may undergo malignant transformation, too. Endoscopy proved to be the major diagnostic method in identification of malignant pyloric ulcer. The results of endoscopic examination with aiming biopsy provide the basis for determining the extent of surgical procedure. Endoscopic symptoms of malignant pyloric ulcer are discussed. It is noted that the latter were absent in one third of cases. No malignancies were detected in those cases during surgery, either. PMID- 6613066 TI - [Immune complexes in neoplastic diseases and autoimmune processes]. AB - The level and possible pathologic relevance of circulating immune complexes (ICs) were investigated by polyethylene glycol precipitation method in sera of 109 untreated cancer patients (melanoblastoma, lung and breast cancer) and 118 patients with various immune complex diseases (collagenosis, nephropathia, vasculitis and immune hemocytopenia). The highest level of ICs was established in all patients with melanoblastoma. The raised concentration of ICs was registered in patients with malignancies of lung and breast (42 and 44%, respectively). A relationship between increased level of ICs and the rate of its growth in breast cancer patients, on the one hand, and clinical stage of the disease, on the other, was shown. The pathogenic effects of ICs in malignancies and immune complex diseases are compared. PMID- 6613067 TI - [Carcinogenesis in rats under the combined transplacental action of sex hormones and nitrosoethylurea]. AB - Transplacental treatment with synestrol exerted a slight modifying effect on nitrosoethylurea-induced carcinogenesis in random-bred albino rats: prenatal treatment with synestrol reduced the rates of Leydig-cell and uterine tumor incidence to those of spontaneous tumors. PMID- 6613068 TI - [Treatment of patients with lung cancer who had suffered acute myocardial infarction]. AB - The study was concerned with a comparison of 64 cases of lung cancer with concomitant postinfarctional cardiosclerosis, treated by surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, with similar patients who had not suffered from myocardial infarction. It was found that infarction patients may be given one component of combined treatment or a combination of two (radical surgery followed by a course of postoperative radiation treatment in a dose of 5,000 rad), if required. The long-term results of treatment of patients of both groups were similar. PMID- 6613069 TI - [A 20-year follow-up of surgical treatment of patients with stomach cancer]. AB - A relationship between the long-term results of surgical treatment of gastric cancer patients, on the one hand, and such factors as sex, age, histologic and anatomical patterns of tumor, its size and site, on the other, is discussed. Out of 756 patients operated on within 1946-1958, 147 survived for 20 years and more; 35 of them lived until the age of 80 years and longer. The results point to some unfavorable factors influencing prognosis in a considerable number of patients who survive for long periods of time after radical surgery. This makes the case for individual prognosis still stronger. Thus, errors involving an unjustified extension of surgical intervention, on the one hand, and unjustified decision not to operate, on the other, may be avoided. PMID- 6613070 TI - [Lipid metabolism disorders in the long-term consumption of a diet with wheat gluten as the protein source]. AB - The two-month feeding of male August rats with the wheat gluten-containing diet led to an increase in the blood level of low density lipoproteins (LP), free and esterified cholesterol, free fatty acids and acylglycerides. Meanwhile the content of very low density LP and high density LP declined. Cholesterol esters showed a rise in the content of cholesterol linolenate, cholesterol oleate and cholesterol palmitate. Liver microsomes demonstrated an increase in the amount of arachidonic and eucosotrienic acids. The shifts cited were largely determined by the changes in cholate formation and bile excretion, which were marked by the reduced levels of tauro- and glycocholic acids, increased amount of phospholipids and free fatty acids in the bile, and decreased content of cytochromes P-450 and b5 in hepatocyte microsomes. PMID- 6613071 TI - [Changes in liver exocrine function after resection of the stomach for peptic ulcer]. AB - Bile components were assayed biochemically in 30 patients at long-term periods after gastric resection for peptic ulcer. The data obtained indicate a considerable drop in the concentration and output of cholic acid and phospholipids in the majority of the patients. The disorders of the concentration and output of cholesterol in both bile portions appeared dissimilar: part of the patients manifested a reduction in the indicators under study, whereas the remaining patients an increase. PMID- 6613072 TI - [Changes in liver function in patients with alimentary obesity combined with cholecystitis as affected by diet therapy]. AB - A study was made of the effect of the reduced diet including a dry protein mixture (DPM) and Ocean paste on radionuclide and clinicobiochemical indicators of the bile in 66 patients with alimentary obesity associated with cholecystitis. The control group received the reduced diet. It was noted that improvement of the patients' general status and reduction of the main clinical disease manifestations were accompanied by liver function improvement that manifested in the normalization of absorption-excretory function of hepatocytes and a more marked and significant increase in the level of the main bile, components in patients given the DPM and Ocean paste. It is concluded that the DPM and Ocean paste should be introduced into the reduced diet, since this favours an increase in the diet biological value and efficacy of the management of alimentary obesity associated with cholecystitis. PMID- 6613073 TI - [Trypsin and chymotrypsin distribution between the fractions of the duodenal contents and the parietal mucosal deposits]. AB - An attempt has been made to assay the distribution of the typical representatives of pancreatic enzymes such as trypsin and chymotrypsin between dense and liquid fractions of the duodenal contents on an empty stomach and parietal mucous overlaps. The mass of the dense fraction being formed and specific activity of the enzymes under study are affected depending on the duodenal contents pH (4.5, 4.0, 3.5). Within the pH ranges indicated, specific activity of trypsin expressed in per cent of the total enzyme activity in the duodenal contents changed from 2 41 to 79-97%. It has been also shown that sorption of the enzymes is possible as well on the structures of the parietal mucous overlaps. A definite correlation has been demonstrated to exist between the activity of the enzymes under study in mucous overlaps and duodenal contents. Thus, the content of two endopeptidases of the pancreatic origin has been measured in the dense fraction of the duodenal contents on an empty stomach and mucous overlaps which are regarded as potential zones of heterophasic digestion in the intestinal cavity. PMID- 6613074 TI - [Effect of thyroidin on the indices of intraduodenal pH measurement]. AB - Intraduodenal pHgraphy was used in experiments on thyroidine fed dogs with duodenal fistulas to study the time course of pH modulations without regard for, and during digestion. A decrease in the duodenal pH and occurrence of pH-waves on an empty stomach were recorded. After feeding the animals pH-waves disappeared and then recurred. They were arrhythmic in nature and unsteady in amplitude. The changes in the duodenal pH seen after thyroidine intake might be related to the processes of continuous acid output in the stomach induced by thyroid hormones and rapid evacuation of the acidic contents from the stomach to the duodenum. PMID- 6613075 TI - [Preservation of the enzyme activity of horseradish peroxidase administered into the gastrointestinal tract of adult dogs and rats]. AB - Enzymatic activity of horse radish peroxidase administered to the gastrointestinal tract of adult dogs and rats was assessed. It was discovered that in adult dogs, 30% of the protein reached the distal parts of the small intestine in a non-splitted form. As early as two hours after administering horse radish peroxidase over 15% of active enzyme was detectable in the gastrointestinal tract of adult rats. 0.5% of non-splitted enzyme was found in the rat large intestine. PMID- 6613076 TI - [Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet on prostaglandin formation and the activity of the isolated heart]. AB - Experiments on normotensive adult Wistar rats with hearts perfused according to the modified Langendorf technique and Okamoto-Aoki rats with a hereditary determined arterial hypertension kept on the diets with varying content of polyunsaturated acids (PUFA), series 6 and 3, have demonstrated that PUFA deficiency in the diet inhibited prostaglandin (PG) secretion by the heart of hypertensive rats, which was accompanied by the decreased rate of coronary perfusion. It has also been revealed that excess content of linoleic acid in lipid fractions of the diet was followed by an appreciable rise of prostacycline secretion, whereas the linoleic acid increase in the diet by the lowering of the overall amount of PG secreted by the heart of hypertensive rats and drop of the coronary perfusion rate. It has been demonstrated that these changes might be related to the modulations in the content of PUFA, PG precursors, in heart phospholipids. PMID- 6613077 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) as a tool for the automated HBsAg screening. AB - Hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were established by fusion of the spleen cells from mice immunized with purified HBsAg with the mouse myeloma cell line P3-NSI/1-Ag4-1. The monoclonal antibodies to the group-specific antigen (a) produced by one of them were used for the automated screening of HBsAg on the Groupamatic 360 (Kontron International). Its sensitivity is almost equal, but slightly inferior, to the system employing polyclonal horse antibodies to HBsAg; it barely detects 6 ng/ml of HBsAg. It is also as highly specific as the system with polyclonal antibodies; the incidence of false-positive reactions is 0.2%. These results indicate that the monoclonal antibodies will become a practical source for the HBsAg screening on the Groupamatic. PMID- 6613078 TI - Hepatitis B virus markers in hematologic patients: relation to transfusion treatment and hospitalization. AB - Screening tests for hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers were performed in 266 hematologic patients in order to evaluate the role of transfusion therapy in HBV infection and to identify other possible causes of the high rate of HBV markers positivity in oncohematologic units. As control groups we tested 99 nonhematologic polytransfused patients, 66 nonhematologic, nontransfused inpatients with various diseases and 72 subjects randomly selected from the general population. Higher HBV markers prevalence was found in hematologic patients, nonhematologic polytransfused patients and nonhematologic, nontransfused inpatients than in the general population. HBV markers prevalence correlated with the length of hospitalization in all inpatients studied. Our data suggest that hospital admission is a major factor in HBV transmission in hematologic patients and in other inpatients studied. Blood transfusions represent a risk factor only when utilized as chronic treatment. PMID- 6613079 TI - Frequency and persistence of serologic markers following three different manifestations of hepatitis B virus infection. AB - 30 asymptomatic chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), 6 asymptomatic blood donors transiently infected with hepatitis B virus, and 38 patients with acute hepatitis B were tested for HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe and anti-HBc. Comparison of these results revealed significant variation in the frequency of HBeAg which was present in 1 (3.3%) carrier, 2 (33.3%) of the transiently positive donors, and in 24 (63.2%) of the patients with acute hepatitis. Anti-HBe was found in 28 (93.3%) of the carriers, 4 (66.6%) of the transiently positive donors, and in 8 (21%) of the patients. Variation was also seen in the strength of anti-HBc, with only the chronic carriers having titres which were consistently high (above 1,000). Retesting the two groups of donors after a period of approximately 2 years showed no change in the serologic status of the chronic carriers, while amongst the transient HBsAg positives the 2 HBeAg reactives had seroconverted, 1 of the anti-HBe positives had become non-reactive, and 2 of the 6 had developed anti-HBs. 6 of the patients with acute hepatitis B were serologically reexamined during convalescence and showed results similar to those seen in the transiently HBsAg-positive donors, with clearance of HBsAg in all, seroconversion from HBeAg to anti-HBe in 4, and the production of anti-HBs in 4. PMID- 6613080 TI - A detailed serological study of five anti-Jka sera reacting by the antiglobulin technique. AB - Detailed serological investigation of five examples of anti-Jka revealed considerable heterogeneity in their characteristics. All the sera were investigated by the antiglobulin technique, with and without complement and by a range of sensitization and testing methods. Three were readily detected in the presence of complement, while two were detectable with anti-IgG, providing a spin test was used. Complement was bound by all and resulted in enhanced reactions, particularly when slide/tile tests were used. The study emphasizes that anti complement (C3) is an essential component of polyspecific antiglobulin reagents used in cross-matching, enabling the ready detection of these clinically important antibodies. PMID- 6613082 TI - [Detection of virus-specific protein synthesis in animal organs]. AB - Registration of intracellular protein syntheses in vivo was shown to be possible by inoculation of labeled amino acids directly into animal organs. In the lungs of intranasally infected mice there occurs inhibition of cellular protein syntheses against the background of which synthesis of virion proteins is recorded. In the brains of intracerebrally inoculated animals intracellular protein synthesis is enhanced. The recommended approach opens ways for investigations of the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of viral infections as well as mechanisms of virulence. PMID- 6613081 TI - Platelet-associated IgM levels in thrombocytopenia. AB - Platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG) and IgM (PAIgM) levels were quantitated in patients with thrombocytopenias of various etiologies. 32 of 34 patients with immune thrombocytopenia had elevated PAIgG, 8 of the 34 patients had elevated PAIgM levels. Only 1 patient suffering from immune thrombocytopenia had elevated PAIgM with normal PAIgG levels. Elevated PAIgM was most often associated with elevated PAIgG except for the following: 2 patients with lymphoproliferative disorders, 1 patient with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, 1 patient with pernicious anemia, and 2 patients with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. PAIgM determinations may prove to be a useful adjunct for evaluating patients with thrombocytopenia, particularly those in whom the PAIgG is not elevated. PMID- 6613083 TI - [Antigenic characteristics of influenza virus protein M. The ELISA detection of the differences in the M proteins of remantadine-sensitive and -resistant variants of the virus]. AB - Antigenic characteristics of influenza A virus M protein were studied by ELISA using a monospecific antiserum to M protein and monoclonal antibodies to the B4 and A7 antigenic determinants of M protein. The design of the test systems for M protein detection was based on the indirect and "sandwich" variants of ELISA as well as on the previously developed principle of blocking the indirect reaction. The latter variant of the test system had the highest specificity: 0.1--0.5 ng of specific protein. The high specificity of the method allows subtle antigenic differences of M protein within influenza A virus group to be detected. Comparative studies of remantadine-sensitive and resistant variants of the classic fowl plague virus showed the previously demonstrated significant differences in the physico-chemical properties of M protein of these variants to correlate with a marked antigenic divergence associated, in particular, with greater antigenicity of B4 epitope in M protein of remantadine-sensitive strains. The test system of ELISA blocking was found to be useful for M protein detection in virus-containing materials not subjected to purification and concentration (native allantoic fluids). The latter attests to the expedience of using ELISA in clinical diagnostic studies of influenza. PMID- 6613084 TI - [Antitumor effect of a tumor-cell neuraminidase vaccine]. AB - The effect of neuraminidase vaccine of CBA mouse sarcoma cells caused by simian adenovirus SA7 (C8) on growth parameters of transplanted sarcoma in a syngeneic system was studied. Inoculation of the vaccine was found to inhibit tumor growth. This effect was more marked in a group of animals given tumor cells after preliminary vaccination. There was no correlation between tumor growth parameters and cytotoxic activity of spleen cells assesses in the cytotoxicity test by 51Cr release in the groups of vaccinated and control animals. It is concluded that the treatment of tumor cells with neuraminidase increases their immunogenicity. The cytotoxic activity of spleen cells in vaccinated animals appears earlier and persists longer. PMID- 6613085 TI - [Processing of proteins coded by the gag gene of retrovirus type D from HEp-2 cells]. AB - The early products of translation of the gag gene of retrovirus type D from HEP-2 cells were studied. The radioimmunoprecipitation test in the pulse-chase modification showed the proteins, products of the gag gene translation of this retrovirus, to be formed from polyprotein with a molecular weight of 78000. The use of serine proteinases inhibitors revealed 2 additional polyproteins with molecular weights of 37000 and 33000. The authors suggest a probable scheme of Pr78 processing which includes an initial cleavage of this polyprotein in two parts (37000 and 33000, respectively) followed by formation of viral structural proteins from these parts upon further cleavage. PMID- 6613086 TI - [Immunological patterns in acute viral hepatitis B]. AB - The results of studies on hepatitis B markers (HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc) by highly sensitive methods in 560 patients aged from 15 to 77 years are presented. Three immunologic groups of HB patients were detected. The first group is most numerous (77%), HBsAg is found in the blood of patients in high concentrations by the gel precipitation test. The second group (19%) has a low concentration of HBsAg detectable only by the RIA. The third, smallest (4%), group showed antibodies to HBsAg of IgM class in the blood from the first days of jaundice in the absence of HBsAg. All the 3 groups differed in the regularities of detection of humoral and cellular immunity and in clinical manifestations of the disease in the acute and convalescent periods. The most severe forms of the disease are associated with the early appearance of free anti-HBs in the blood and a significant decrease in the levels of T-lymphocytes which may be used as immunologic markers for prognosis of the disease. PMID- 6613087 TI - [HBcAg antibodies in acute viral hepatitis B in adults and infants in the 1st year of life]. AB - The study was carried out with blood sera from 122 patients with viral hepatitis B (94 adults and 28 infants). The specific markers of hepatitis B virus (HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc) were tested in the time course of the disease at 10-day intervals in the acute period and for a year after the discharge. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) revealed anti-HBc in the blood of adults and infants suffering from hepatitis B both in the presence and absence of HBsAg. Anti-HBc titres were mostly high (over 1:1500) in the acute period of the disease and persisted at high levels (1:1900) for a year after the acute disease. Anti-HBc titres were found to correlate with the severity of the disease: low titres (1:500) were detected only in severe cases. Anti-HBc demonstrated in the blood from the first days of the disease belonged to immunoglobulins M. A group of patients with hepatitis B was examined in the acute period for anti-HBc only in the absence of HBsAg and anti-HBs by RIA. In convalescence all these patients developed anti-HBsAg. No fatal outcomes were observed. PMID- 6613088 TI - [Experience with using the indirect hemagglutination reaction in studying natural foci of tick-borne encephalitis]. AB - Using the indirect hemagglutination test, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus could be detected in the nutrient medium of the infected cell cultures, in brain suspensions of the infected suckling mice and in most specimens of suspensions of Ixodid ticks containing active virus. Positive results were obtained only with erythrocyte immunoglobulin diagnostic preparation to TBE virus but not with the diagnostic preparation for Omsk hemorrhagic fever. In the indirect hemagglutination inhibition test sera from human patients similarly inhibited antigens of tick-borne encephalitis and Omsk hemorrhagic fever. PMID- 6613089 TI - [Electron microscopic study of swine embryonic kidney cells infected with the tick-borne encephalitis virus]. AB - Electron microscopic studies of morphological lesions in pig embryo kidney cells (PEK) infected with tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus as well as morphology and features of TBE morphogenesis after treatment with actinomycin D, cycloheximide and hypertonic NaC1 concentrations in the medium were carried out. Most marked morphological lesions were observed in the cells after combined effect of high NaC1 concentrations in the medium and inhibitors of protein synthesis. After all kinds of treatment, smooth-contour membrane structures were observed in TBE infected cells. Their number increased considerably with increasing ionic strength of the medium and subsequent return to normal accompanied by treatment with actinomycin D and cycloheximide. No "budding" particles were found in any case and after any treatment. Features of TBE virus morphogenesis are discussed. PMID- 6613090 TI - [Inhibiting action of adamantane derivatives on chronic influenzal infection in a tissue culture]. AB - Chronic influenza infection was produced by inoculation with influenza A virus, Waybridge strain (Hav1N1), of continuous murine leukemia Rauscher cells transformed by 20-methylcholantrene. The complete duration of the proliferative destructive cycle of Rauscher/MX culture infected with fowl plague virus was 24 days on the average. The virus was found in the culture fluid virtually in all stages of the cycle, its titre reaching 10(7) EID50/ml at the peak of the destructive stage. By 14-15 days of the cycle in the chronically infected cells active synthesis of all virus-specific polypeptides (P1, P2, P3, HA, NP, M. NS) was observed, their electrophoretic mobility corresponding completely to that of proteins of the original influenza A virus strain. Simultaneously, almost complete inhibition of synthesis of cellular proteins is observed. Treatment of cultures with amantadine (12.5 micrograms/ml for 4 days) and remantadine (6.25 micrograms/ml for 7 days) interrupted the development of the infectious cycle for 2 1/2-3 1/2 months; during this time cellular protein synthesis recovered and no virus-specific polypeptides were formed. Then, the proliferative-destructive cycle reestablished in the infected cultures. PMID- 6613091 TI - [Isolation of cell lines transformed by highly oncogenic simian adenovirus SA7 and nononcogenic human adenovirus type 6 and their DNAs]. AB - Methods for generation of cell lines transformed by highly oncogenic simian adenovirus SA7, nononcogenic human adenovirus type 6 and their DNAs are described. WAG rat kidney cells were used for transformation. To produce 1 focus of transformation, 1.7 X 10(6) PFU of SA7 virus is required. Intact and fragmented DNA of both viruses may be quite effectively used for transformation. For production of 1 transformation focus 1.2 microgram SA7 DNA and 1.1 microgram type 6 adenovirus DNA is required. In most cases, DNA fragmentation increases the transforming activity which has been shown to be associated with the left genome region of both viruses under study. PMID- 6613092 TI - [Interrelation of animal genotype and viral strain characteristics to the course of experimental tick-borne encephalitis]. AB - Differences in the susceptibility to a single subcutaneous inoculation of tick borne encephalitis (TBE) virus, features of immune response and development of resistance were studied in animals of one species but 2 genotypes (mouse lines CBA and C57BL). In the formation of resistance, the determining factors include the degree of susceptibility, specific sensitization of the animal to the definite antigen, and the level of specific microglobulins. No resistance is formed in C57BL mice highly sensitive to TBE virus antigen. PMID- 6613093 TI - [Long-term persistence of the vaccinia virus in a child with a congenital skin disease]. AB - Persistence of vaccinia virus which was isolated many times from the blood and skin lesions was discovered in a child vaccinated 6 years before against smallpox and suffering from bullous epidermolysis. The level of immunoglobulins A, M, and G was normal, whereas the titre of virus-neutralizing antibodies against smallpox was low (1:10) in the child, and reached 1:320 in his mother not vaccinated against smallpox. Humoral immunity for other antigens was found to be unimpaired, the skin tests being positive. It was concluded that the child had a selective defect of the immune system. It is emphasized that the virus excretor is epidemically hazardous for subjects with skin diseases, immunodeficient conditions and others, in whom contraction of the infection may result in a disease the identification of the genesis of which would be extremely difficult against the background of discontinued vaccination against smallpox. PMID- 6613094 TI - [Isolation and study of the physicochemical properties of the DNA of the iridescent virus from the mosquito Aedes cantans]. AB - Molecules of DNA of Aedes cantans mosquito iridescent virus were found to be of linear shape, about 150 micron in length. The temperature of melting, sedimentation coefficient, molecular weight, and buoyant density of DNA were determined as well as the content of GC pairs in it. PMID- 6613095 TI - [Oligopeptide mapping of the P proteins of influenza viruses]. PMID- 6613096 TI - Urgent efforts needed to combat drug-resistant malaria. PMID- 6613097 TI - Global Advisory Committee on Medical Research. PMID- 6613098 TI - The dynamics of breast-feeding. PMID- 6613099 TI - Thyroid-gonad relationship in marijuana smokers. A field study in Jamaica. PMID- 6613100 TI - Acute gastric volvulus. Report of 2 cases and review of the literature. PMID- 6613101 TI - Malathion poisoning: a report of 2 cases. PMID- 6613102 TI - Achondroplasia and pregnancy. PMID- 6613104 TI - Recall and fears of anaesthesia and surgery in 50 Jamaican paediatric patients. PMID- 6613103 TI - Variation in response to drugs: Part II. Environmental and nutritional variables. PMID- 6613105 TI - Infant mortality rate in three parishes of Western Jamaica, 1980. PMID- 6613106 TI - A review of caesarean sections performed at the Georgetown Hospital, Guyana. PMID- 6613107 TI - Curriculum design and implementation for Jamaican ambulance personnel. PMID- 6613108 TI - Magnesium therapy for intractable ventricular tachyarrhythmias in normomagnesemic patients. AB - Intractable ventricular tachyarrhythmia associated with hypomagnesemia responds well to magnesium given intravenously. Two patients with recurrent ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation associated with normal serum magnesium levels and resistant to treatment with potassium chloride, lidocaine and bretylium tosylate responded dramatically to the administration of magnesium sulfate. A third patient in whom the serum magnesium level was unknown also showed dramatic response to magnesium therapy. Magnesium depletion probably interferes with sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase enzyme activity and causes ionic imbalance and electrical instability of purkinje's fibers. Without obvious magnesium depletion this element in high concentration may still prolong transient inward current, prolong the effective refractory period, increase the membrane potential and control ventricular tachyarrhythmia. When ventricular fibrillation or malignant ventricular tachycardia cannot be controlled with lidocaine and other conventional drugs, we recommend infusing magnesium sulfate, 2 to 3 grams in one minute, followed by 10 grams over five hours. PMID- 6613109 TI - Allergic skin test reactivity to marijuana in the Southwest. AB - In a general allergy consultation practice in Arizona and western New Mexico, 129 patients were tested for immediate hypersensitivity skin test reactivity to marijuana pollen and tobacco leaf, as well as to a battery of other antigens. In all, 90 patients were diagnosed as allergic (atopic) and, of these, 63 (70 percent) were found to be skin test reactive to marijuana pollen and 18 (20 percent) to tobacco leaf. The incidence of skin test reactivity to marijuana was not significantly different for persons living at low, middle or high elevations throughout the Southwest. Marijuana sensitivity occurred in patients who were, in general, also sensitive to a variety of other airborne plant pollens. There was no close correlation, however, between sensitivity to marijuana pollen and sensitivity to pollens from elm, mulberry, hop and stinging nettle, which are botanically related to marijuana. The data suggest that marijuana pollen may be a relatively common airborne pollen pollutant in the Southwest, allergic persons being sensitized through inhalation. If this is confirmed by further studies, then clinical investigation of marijuana hyposensitization (immunotherapy) may be warranted. This is in contrast to tobacco allergy for which simple avoidance is recommended. PMID- 6613110 TI - Varicocele in youth. AB - Thirty boys 8 to 18 years of age seen in a general urologic practice with emphasis on pediatrics had palpable varicoceles. A concomitant finding was that 77 percent of these patients had a smaller testis on the left side. Because the small testis is present before maturity, its size appears due to arrest of testicular growth rather than to atrophy. Surgical correction is advisable when the varicocele is pronounced, the involved testis is distinctly smaller or there is scrotal pain. PMID- 6613111 TI - Computerized tomographic scanning in cases of dementia. AB - In assessing the clinical value of computerized tomographic (CT) scanning in elderly patients with dementia, only one of 100 patients with dementia of insidious onset and no other abnormal neurologic signs was found to have a potentially treatable disorder. In a second group of 100 patients with dementia of abrupt onset or with additional abnormal neurologic signs, 12 were found to have a lesion that potentially required medical or surgical intervention. We conclude that a subgroup of patients with dementia, representing about a third of demented patients in our hospital, are unlikely to benefit from CT scanning. PMID- 6613112 TI - Protean manifestations of perinatal enterovirus infections. PMID- 6613114 TI - Ethical crises and cultural differences: a commentary. PMID- 6613113 TI - Renal sodium retention in liver disease. AB - These discussions are selected from the weekly staff conferences in the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Taken from transcriptions, they are prepared by Drs Homer A. Boushey, Associate Professor of Medicine, and David G. Warnock, Associate Professor of Medicine, under the direction of Dr Lloyd H. Smith, Jr, Professor of Medicine and Chairman of the Department of Medicine. Requests for reprints should be sent to the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143. PMID- 6613115 TI - Ciguatera: Caribbean and Indo-Pacific fish poisoning. PMID- 6613116 TI - Alcohol-related pain and Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6613117 TI - Secondary syphilis with pulmonary involvement. PMID- 6613118 TI - Acute renal failure following repeated streptokinase therapy for pulmonary embolism. PMID- 6613119 TI - Ethical crises and cultural differences. AB - Generalizations about patients without careful attention to their cultural background, their values and norms could lead to a number of ethical crises. The informed consent, disclosure of diagnosis and prognosis, and discussions of termination of treatment are reflections of Western cultural values. They represent respect for autonomy of clients and respect for openness in communications. For patients from other cultures such practices have different meanings that may violate their own values. The result of such conflict in practices and meanings can render the relationship between patients and health care personnel difficult at best and distrustful at worst. PMID- 6613120 TI - Commentary from Coeur d'Alene: one baby-or two? PMID- 6613121 TI - [Surgical treatment of acute abdominal diseases in patients with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6613122 TI - [Fascioliasis as a new parasitological and medical problem in the light of laboratory studies]. PMID- 6613124 TI - [Non-transmural myocardial infarction in a child with carbon monoxide poisoning]. PMID- 6613123 TI - [Evaluation of the condition of the fetus and newborn infant after labor induction with prostaglandin E2 in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6613125 TI - [Lead poisoning with advanced anemia]. PMID- 6613126 TI - [Case of hypersensitivity to sulfonylurea compounds]. PMID- 6613127 TI - [Sarcoidosis in the form of a single cyst of the posterior mediastinum]. PMID- 6613128 TI - [Clinical and morphological aspects of Menetrier disease or gastritis hypertrophica gigantea (GHG)]. PMID- 6613129 TI - [Treatment of mechanical jaundice, caused by tumor metastasis, by transhepatic drainage and intraductal chemotherapy]. PMID- 6613130 TI - [Electric shock during surgical treatment of hemorrhoids performed under extradural anesthesia]. PMID- 6613131 TI - [Preliminary diagnosis of the most common acute surgical diseases of the abdominal cavity]. PMID- 6613132 TI - [Long-term survival and fatal late relapse in acute leukaemia in adults]. AB - This study comprises 187 patients aged over 15 years with acute leukaemia, diagnosed and treated between the years 1969 and 1978. Fourteen (7.5%) survived for more than 5 years after diagnosis. In this group of survivors there were 7 patients with AML and 6 with ALL--corresponding to 8.9 and 21.4% of each collective, respectively--and 1 patient with PML. Four patients (28.6%) died after a survival time exceeding 5 years, 1 patient with AML as a result of a gastric carcinoma and the 3 other patients (1 AML, 2 ALL) of the original disease. Hence, survival times over several years do not necessarily mean real cures. From an analysis of our data, no factor correlating with long-term survival was identifiable. In terms of clinical-diagnostic parameters the group of late relapses was also heterogeneous. PMID- 6613133 TI - [Food composition and results of dietetic intervention in patients with hypercholesterolemia in a Tyrolean village. Tyrolean heart project of Oberperfuss]. AB - In the course of a field survey of coronary risk factors carried out in the Tyrolean village of Oberperfuss, a 24-hour food recall form was filled in by all inhabitants aged between 20 and 64 years. The food composition is presented. The dietary intervention programme for people with hypercholesterolaemia resulted in a 19.5% plasma cholesterol reduction within one year. A significant increase in the P/S ratio and a decrease in dietary cholesterol are chiefly responsible for the plasma cholesterol decrease, since the total fat consumption remained uninfluenced. PMID- 6613134 TI - [Oxytocin- and prostaglandin plasma concentrations before and after spontaneous labor: evidence of involvement of prostaglandins in the mechanism of placental separation]. AB - The concentrations of oxytocin and PGE, PGF, and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha (PGFM) in maternal peripheral plasma were measured in serial samples taken at full cervical dilatation and 5, 30 and 120 minutes postpartum. The prostanoid levels were also measured in serial samples of umbilical cord blood taken from the placental end in 4 instances. At full dilatation, plasma PGFM, but not PGE and PGF, was significantly raised over control (no labor) values. Just before or at the time of placental separation (5 minutes postpartum), the concentrations of PGF and PGFM were maximal, about twice the level at full dilatation. The level then decreased but at a slower rate than the metabolic clearance rates, indicating that considerable PGF production occurs in decidua and myometrium in the early postpartum period, after fetus, placenta, and the membranes are expelled. The rapid increase in the prostanoid concentrations in the umbilical cord blood draining the placenta after delivery of the infant suggests that the surge of prostaglandins 5 minutes postpartum originates in the placenta, and probably contributes to uterine contraction and placental separation and expulsion. Plasma OT was significantly raised over prelabor values at full cervical dilatation, and during the third stage, but dropped to control levels 30 minutes postpartum. Exogenous oxytocin infusions begun at delivery of the infant caused a marked increase in plasma OT and maintained the PGFM concentrations at a higher level than in the parturients not receiving oxytocin 2 hours postpartum. PMID- 6613135 TI - [Tubotympanic catarrh in childhood. Diagnosis and therapy]. AB - Tubotympanic catarrh (otitis media with effusion) is a long-known disease. Today it has become a "fashionable disease", but is extremely important as the most frequent cause of hearing loss in children. The key to the disease is functional disability of the auditory tube. Therapeutic pitfalls and a significant lack of compliance on the part of the patient have definitely led to an increase in otitis media with effusion. We are sure that better diagnostic facilities for the detection of hearing loss in children has made the "silent syndrome" more prevalent. Therapy must aim to cure tubal dysfunction as soon as possible to enable clearance of the middle ear secretion and ventilation of the tympanon, in order to avoid the feared complications of adhesive otitis and atypical cholesteatoma. Prophylaxis is better than cure. PMID- 6613136 TI - [Modification of suprapubic prostatectomy using a biological gluing technic]. AB - Fibrinogen cryoprecipitate, thrombin solution and factor XIII concentrate were used for gluing in suprapubic transvesical prostatectomy. The fibrin glue was applied to an absorbable collagen velour placed in the prostatic bed. Postoperative blood loss was significantly smaller than in a control group. The gluing technique resulted in a sparing of the number of blood transfusions, a reduction in disturbances of wound healing and a shortening of postoperative hospital stay. Negative consequences of this gluing technique have not so far been observed. PMID- 6613137 TI - [Anesthesia adjacent to the spine in vascular surgery in high-risk patients]. AB - From 1978 to 1982, 515 patients underwent vascular surgery with 230 operations performed under epidural analgesia and 330 operations under spinal anaesthesia. In the case of vascular surgery on the lower limbs epidural analgesia was effective in 168 patients (97.1%) and ineffective in five (2.9%), spinal anaesthesia was effective in 312 patients (98.7%) and ineffective in four (1.3%). Epidural analgesia was effective for vascular surgery on the lower abdomen in 40 patients (70.2%), and inadequate in 17 patients (29.8%), whilst spinal anaesthesia was adequate in 9 patients (64%) and inadequate in 5 patients (36%). Nevertheless, lumbar spinal and epidural analgesia may be the method of choice in high-risk patients undergoing vascular surgery, especially on the lower limbs. PMID- 6613139 TI - [Increased extraocular venous pressure and glaucoma in nevus flammeus of the face]. AB - This paper presents a case of glaucoma accompanying unilateral naevus flammeus of the face, in which, for the first time, an increase in the measured extraocular venous pressure was detected and verified as the main factor responsible for the pathological increase in intraocular pressure. PMID- 6613138 TI - [Combined treatment of malignant gliomas]. AB - A controlled study of 226 age-matched patients with histologically proven grade 3 and 4 supratentorial gliomas with maximum feasible tumour resection, postoperative Karnofsky performance over 50 and minimum survival of 8 weeks compares the results of supportive care (45 cases), high-dose irradiation of 40 to 66 Gy (59 cases), COMP protocol (CCNU, procarbazine, vincristine, methotrexate, prednisone in 15 day cycles-42 cases) and simultaneous irradiation and COMP chemotherapy (80 cases including 30 survivors). Median recurrent-free intervals in the treatment groups (7 to 11.7 months) were significantly longer than after supportive care (4.4 months). Median survival with supportive care (6.7 months) was significantly shorter than after radiation or COMP treatment (11.7 and 12.3 months) and 14.9 to over 19.9 months with combined treatment, where the two-year survival rates were 33 and 67% (for survivors), and the 3-year survival rates 13 to 30%. Toxic side effects of multimodality treatment were more frequent than after chemotherapy. In addition to space-occupying intracranial cysts often simulating tumour recurrence (12%) and rare radiation necrosis, about 15% of long-term survivors developed progressive intellectual dysfunction with brain atrophy, in the absence of tumour regrowth. Despite some promising results of multimodality approaches towards the management of malignant supratentorial gliomas, the overall results are unsatisfactory and need further optimization. PMID- 6613140 TI - [Familial thymoma]. AB - The case reports are presented of two siblings with familial thymoma. The thymomas developed at the same age in both siblings. The tumours were removed by thoracotomy and classified histologically as identical thymic squamous cell carcinomas. The brother is still alive and well four years after treatment; the sister died of pulmonary embolism, but without residual or recurrent mediastinal mass, one year after surgery. Familial thymomas are very rare. This is the first report of a familial squamous cell carcinoma of thymus. The problem of classification and malignancy of thymomas are discussed. PMID- 6613141 TI - [Urological problems in the treatment of recurrent colorectal carcinoma]. AB - The infiltration of the ureters, bladder or urethra by recurrent colorectal carcinoma raises both urodynamic and surgical problems. These include the question of whether reconstruction or urinary diversion is indicated. The present paper describes the surgical procedures carried out in 19 patients with tumour extention of recurrent colorectal carcinoma to the urinary tract. In the majority of cases the treatment of choice can be decided only intraoperatively. It is important to choose the procedure which guarantees both surgical radicality and minimal discomfort to the patient. PMID- 6613143 TI - [Therapy of local recurrence after colorectal cancer]. AB - A prospective study was undertaken of the incidence, symptoms, diagnostic measures and therapy of local recurrence of colorectal carcinoma following radical surgical management. 69 (16%) out of 434 patients developed recurrence of the tumour, which was local in 51 patients (12%). Half of the latter group was symptom free at the time of diagnosis. 45 out of the 51 patients were treated by surgery, a radical operation being feasible in 25 cases. 60% of these have survived for at least 30 months. The operative mortality was very low, with only one death, although extensive surgery was necessary in most of the cases. The preliminary results of this study support the hypothesis that a postoperative follow-up programme for patients with colorectal cancer leads to early detection of local recurrence and improves the chance of cure by surgical treatment. PMID- 6613142 TI - [Value of computer tomography of the small pelvis for the early diagnosis of local recurrence after surgery of rectal cancer]. AB - The value of pelvic computed tomography (CT) in the detection of local recurrence following radical operation for rectal cancer was assessed in a prospective study on 15 patients. A positive CT finding was checked in every instance by a second look operation (11 cases). Tumour tissue in the pelvis was found in 9 patients, whereas in 2 patients the positive CT finding was proven to be false. 5 out of 9 cases with recurrent tumour underwent radical surgery. In the 4 cases with a negative CT finding no recurrence has developed after a median observation time of 34 months. Pelvic CT is a useful and reliable method of detecting pelvic recurrence before it becomes clinically obvious. However, the method does not allow certain prediction of whether or not the recurrence will be radically operable. PMID- 6613144 TI - [Significance of the incidental carcinoma of the prostate]. AB - Incidental carcinoma of the prostate was detected in 58 patients after suprapubic prostatectomy for benign hypertrophy carried out in 942 men between 1962 and 1982. A 5-year follow-up was possible in 34 cases. The survival rate was assessed according to staging and grading of the carcinoma whereby the tumours were retrospectively reclassified according to Jewett. The therapy of incidental carcinoma of the prostate and 5-year survival rate are discussed on the basis of a survey of the literature. PMID- 6613145 TI - [Differential diagnosis of cholestasis by non-invasive methods--comparison of cholecysto-cholangiography, ultrasonics and hepatobiliary sequential scintigraphy]. AB - The value of the three non-invasive morphological methods--cholangiography, sonography, and cholescintigraphy--in the differential diagnosis of "surgical" and "non-surgical" cholestasis was assessed prospectively in 28 patients. The main disadvantage of cholangiography was the large number of patients (11 out of 28) in whom the biliary tract could not be visualized. Correct diagnosis was achieved by sonography in 25 out of 28 and by cholescintigraphy in 23 out of 28 patients. PMID- 6613146 TI - [Aortic valve prolapse]. AB - The aortic valve prolapse which can be diagnosed by echocardiography is usually found in patients with the floppy valve syndrome. The clinical symptoms are identical with those of the mitral valve prolapse. The frequency of aortic valve prolapse in 67 cases of mitral valve prolapse was 8.9%, the frequency of aortic insufficiency 5.9%. A main etiological factor of aortic valve prolapse is a myxomatous degeneration of valvular tissue which can affect one or more cardiac valves. PMID- 6613147 TI - [The psychiatrist's basic attitude in the treatment of acute psychoses]. AB - The basic attitude of the psychiatrist is important from the onset of psychosis and during acute treatment for the course of illness and rehabilitation of the patient. One has to know systemic processes in human systems and its underlying rules. The system in which the patient is part of is confronted with the system of helpers. The meaning of this system for the course of psychosis and the efforts of helpers is to be explored, recognized and has to be ordered with clear rules and competences. PMID- 6613148 TI - [An abstraction score as a brief diagnostic method for the detection of beginning intellectual impairment]. AB - The inability to abstract as an important part of the axial syndrome "Hirnleistungsschwache" (impairment of intellectual functioning) has been measured by a score system. The score consists of 4 groups of simple questions, the answers of which are given points and added to a total score. A total score of 24.2 +/- 2.4 was obtained constantly in a control group. A preliminary study with patients with cerebro-vascular disease showed a statistically significant reduction in their total score. The clinical usefulness of this score and possible limitations of its use are being discussed. PMID- 6613149 TI - [The problem of diagnosis and therapy of myotonic dystrophy]. AB - Three cases of myotonia dystrophica are presented with special problems of diagnosis and treatment. Diagnosis at an early stage can be difficult because of a wide onset of the disease and varying symptomatology. Muscle biopsies should be taken from distal muscle groups since the proximal musculature may be involved at a later stage of the disease. The diagnosis can be established with a typical electromyographic finding. Therapeutic benefits can be obtained by membrane stabilizing substances like anticonvulsants and antiarrhythmics, the dystrophic process however cannot be halted. PMID- 6613150 TI - [Intra-operative EEG surveillance during carotid artery desobliteration]. AB - In 35 patients intraoperative EEG-monitoring during carotid desobliteration under general anesthesia was performed. 15 of these patients had preoperatively focal EEG-changes, coinciding frequently with a cerebral infarct or with carotid changes also contralateral to the side of the desobliteration. 18 patients had during the carotid clamping EEG-changes (slowing of frequency and decrease in amplitude) or a worsening of preoperative changes. 15 of these patients had a complete recovery of these changes after unclamping. The EEG changes do occur more frequent in patients who had a cerebral infarct or bilateral carotid changes preoperatively. Since the EEG-changes during the carotid clamping do signal a critical lowering of the brain perfusion, an ischemic etiology has to be assumed. The use of a shunt during the procedure to prevent irreversible ischemic damage seems therefore to be justified. PMID- 6613151 TI - [Homes for psychiatric patients]. AB - Home accommodation for psychiatric patients has to be adjusted to the needs of patients. We refer about the situation in Upper Austria, where we have short-term and long-term boarding houses as well as homes for old psychiatric patients. There are 140 patients living in such houses. We discuss the criterias of place of the home, working conditions, matters of team-work and choice of patients. PMID- 6613152 TI - Blue book 1982. PMID- 6613153 TI - There's a unicorn in the health care garden. A perspective on health care costs and health care crises. PMID- 6613154 TI - Ultrasonographic determination of intrauterine central nervous system trauma. PMID- 6613155 TI - Cowden's disease (multiple hamartoma syndrome). PMID- 6613156 TI - Serum ferritin as a means of assessing body iron stores. PMID- 6613157 TI - US not liable for patient's polymyalgia. PMID- 6613158 TI - The utilization of exogenous taurine for the conjugation of xenobiotic acids in the ferret. AB - Although the occurrence of the taurine conjugation mechanism for various xenobiotic acids is well established, nothing is known of the source of the taurine used for this conjugation. [14C]Taurine was administered alone and in combination with 2-naphthylacetic acid or clofibric acid (both of which are known to form taurine conjugates) to to ferrets, and the 0--24 h urine collected. Of the dose of [14C]taurine, 26% was recovered in the urine in 24 h and the only 14C containing material present was unchanged taurine. When either 2-naphthylacetic acid or clofibric acid was co-administered with [14C]taurine, 21 and 17%, respectively, of the 14C dose was recovered in the 0--24 h urine. In both cases, two 14C compounds were present--unchanged taurine (minor) and the taurine conjugate of the acid in question (major). Comparison of these results with those previously obtained with 14C-labelled 2-naphthylacetic and clofibric acids, shows that the taurine used for their conjugation is derived from a pool freely accessible to exogenous taurine. The results are discussed in terms of the availability for metabolic utilization of taurine in the animal body, and of the use of co-administration of [14C]taurine with a xenobiotic acid for the identification of taurine conjugates. PMID- 6613159 TI - The metabolism of trans-sobrerol in the rat. AB - The biotransformation of trans-sobrerol, a potent mucofluidifying agent, has been investigated in rat urine, bile and faeces after single p.o. and i.v. administration. The identification of the isolated metabolites was carried out by g.l.c.-mass spectrometry, n.m.r. and i.r. spectroscopy. The metabolic pathways involve oxidation of the allylic C (sp3) atoms, and mono-beta-glucuronylation of the secondary or tertiary alcoholic group. The mono-beta-glucuronides of sobrerol excreted in bile undergo enterohepatic circulation. PMID- 6613160 TI - Disposition and metabolism of buspirone and its metabolite 1-(2-pyrimidinyl) piperazine in the rat. AB - After i.v. injection (10 mg/kg) to rats, buspirone is rapidly cleared from blood with a t1/2 (beta) or 30 min. After the same dose is given orally, the drug is not detectable in blood or brain within the limits of sensitivity of the method. The metabolite 1-(2-pyrimidinyl)-piperazine (1-PP) has a longer t1/2 than buspirone. It is present to about the same extent in rat plasma and brain after either i.v. or p.o. buspirone. Unlike buspirone, 1-PP accumulates in the brain reaching concentrations between four-and five times those in plasma. Its brain AUC is higher than that of buspirone even when buspirone is given i.v. The results suggest that 1-PP may contribute to the pharmacological effect of the parent drug. PMID- 6613161 TI - Human metabolism of antipyrine labelled with 14C in the pyrazolone ring or in the N-methyl group. AB - After ingestion of [N-14CH3]antipyrine by two healthy male subjects, the urinary recoveries of radioactivity plus norantipyrine (non-radioactive) were 63 and 73%. After ingestion of [3-14C]antipyrine in the same two subjects, the urinary recoveries of radioactivity were 84 and 99%. Therefore, N-demethylated metabolites which have not been identified before, besides norantipyrine, must account for 21--26% of the dose. Serum half-lives of total 14C were about 50% greater than those of unchanged antipyrine. The difference was less in the saliva. Three major metabolites of antipyrine, norantipyrine, 4-hydroxyantipyrine and 3-hydroxymethylantipyrine, in urine were determined by radio-t.l.c. and g.l.c. These three metabolites and antipyrine accounted for 50--69% of the administered dose. The urinary excretion half-lives of these three metabolites were similar to each other and to the serum half-life of antipyrine. 3 Hydroxymethylantipyrine in one subject was excreted more slowly than the other metabolites. The radioactive metabolite not extracted from urine by organic solvents was very polar, as judged by t.l.c. PMID- 6613162 TI - Factors affecting the sensitivity of X-ray films used for whole-body autoradiography. AB - The sensitivities of five X-ray films commonly used for autoradiography of whole body sections and thin-layer chromatograms were determined. The films tested were Kodak NS-2T, XAR-5, Industrex C, Agfa-Gevaert Osray M3 and CEAverken Singul-X. The order of sensitivity, from greatest to least, was found to be NS-2T, Osray M3, XAR-5, Singul-X and Industrex C. Increases in sensitivity following extended development were demonstrated for Industrex C. A literature review has revealed confusion in the use, in whole-body autoradiography, or various measures of autoradiographic response, which, in view of the simple relationship between radiographic optical density and absorbed dose, need not have arisen. PMID- 6613163 TI - Studies on the re-establishment of the intestinal microflora in germ-free rats with special reference to the metabolism of N-isopropyl-alpha-chloroacetanilide (propachlor). AB - Conventional rats metabolize 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide (propachlor) mainly to various 2-methylsulphonylacetanilides and to residues in the faeces that are unextractable. Mercapturic acid pathway (MAP) metabolites of propachlor are the source of the methylsulphonyl sulphur and the insoluble faecal residues. Germ free and antibiotic-treated rats quantitatively metabolized propachlor only to MAP metabolites, which were excreted in the urine and faeces (all water-soluble). Germ-free rats given enemas of caecal contents from conventional rats were qualitatively similar to conventional rats with respect to the metabolism of propachlor within 56 days of the inoculations i.e. they excreted 2 methylsulphonyl acetanilides in the urine and insoluble residues in the faeces. They approached quantitative similarity within 180 days. Antibiotic-treated rats spontaneously recovered the ability to metabolize propachlor as conventional rats, qualitatively within 6 days and quantitatively within 21 days. While differences occurred in the faecal metabolites of propachlor, biliary secretion of metabolites by germ-free rats was not different from that of conventional or antibiotic-treated rats. PMID- 6613164 TI - Disposition and metabolism of a new steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, deflazacort, in cynomolgus monkeys. AB - The kinetics and metabolic fate of 2'-14C-deflazacort, a new steroidal antiinflammatory agent, were studied in the cynomolgus monkey after both p.o. and i.v. administration (5 mg/kg). There is no unchanged deflazacort in the plasma or urine after either p.o. or i.v. treatment. As judged from the plasma AUC and urinary elimination values, the oral availability of both total 14C and metabolites seems to be lowered because of a route-dependent first-pass. Both radioactivity and the main metabolite (21-desacetyl deflazacort) are eliminated from the plasma with half-lives of 2--3-5 h. The i.v. administered 14C is eliminated mainly in the urine (52--55% of dose), but biliary excretion is also quantitatively important. Six metabolites were isolated from urine and identified by physico-chemical analysis. Among them desacetylated deflazacort and its 6 beta hydroxy derivative were shown to be the major radioactive products in plasma and urine, respectively. Minor metabolites were: 21-desacetyl, 6 alpha-hydroxy deflazacort; 21-desacetyl, 5 alpha, 1-eno, deflazacort; 21-desacetyl, 20 beta hydroxy deflazacort; and 21-desacetyl, 11-keto deflazacort. PMID- 6613165 TI - Selection of yeasts for single cell protein production on media based on Jerusalem artichoke extracts. AB - Several yeast strains can grow with good yield (0.16 to 0.19 mg protein/mg carbohydrate) on nitrogen supplemented Jerusalem artichoke extract. The most promising strain is Lipomyces starkeyi. Including by-products (pulps, proteins of extract), protein production can reach 2 metric tons/ha. PMID- 6613166 TI - [Gene-enzyme relationships of the arom aggregate of Schizosaccharomyces pombe]. AB - The gene-enzyme relationships of the arom multienzyme complex of Schizosaccharomyces pombe that catalyzes steps two through six in the prechorismate polyaromatic amino acid biosynthetic pathway have been studied. The various mutants were subjected to biochemical analysis by direct enzymic assays. These studies have established that aro-3A, aro-3B, aro-3C, aro-3D, and aro-3E mutants lack, respectively, the enzymic activities 5-dehydroquinate synthase, 5 dehydroquinase, shekimate kinase, 3-enolpyruvylshikimate 5-phosphate synthase, and shikimate: NADP oxidoreductase. In S. pombe lack enzymic activities for the inducible quinate catabolic pathway. The functional significance of the arom aggregate is discussed. PMID- 6613167 TI - Preparation and partial characterization of Xanthomonas oryzae phytotoxin. AB - A synthetic medium containing ammonium nitrate, urea, D-glucose, glycerol, and sodium glutamate was developed for growth of Xanthomonas oryzae and preparation of its phytotoxin. Culture filtrates and partially purified toxin preparations caused blight symptoms when inoculated in leaves of 30 days old rice plant cv. T(N)1. Toxin elicited quicker response than living cells. This activity was due to a non-dialysable, partial acid and heat labile glycopeptide. There was a sharp decrease in activity when culture filtrates and crude toxin preparations were heated at 100 degrees C for 30 min. Maximum activity was observed in pH range of 6.0-7.0 and a gradual loss at lower pH (5.0-3.0) and higher pH values (8.0-10.0). Unlike living cells which caused continuous lesion enlargement, toxin inoculation caused maximum attainment of lesion length within 4-6 weeks. Toxin preparation in concentration of 45 micrograms glucose/ml failed to evoke response. The study demonstrates that the purified toxin being easy in storage and causing quicker response than living cells when inoculated in rice leaves, may be used to screen rice varieties for bacterial blight resistance. PMID- 6613168 TI - Degradation of aniline and monochloroanilines by Rhodococcus sp. An 117 and a pseudomonad: a comparative study. AB - Two newly isolated aniline-degrading bacterial strains were characterized with regard to their enzyme systems responsible for aniline catabolism. One of them identified as a Rhodococcus sp. metabolized aniline exclusively via the beta ketoadipate pathway by means of inducible enzymes. The aniline-degrading enzyme system of the second isolate, presumably a pseudomonad, was shown to consist of an inducible aniline-converting enzyme and constitutive meta-pathway enzymes. Both isolates failed to metabolize monochlorinated anilines in the absence of additional carbon sources. To explain this the ring-cleaving enzymes of both isolates were examined for their substrate specificities. Furthermore, the effect of 4-chlorocatechol on the enzymes catalyzing aniline conversion and catechol oxygenation was investigated. PMID- 6613169 TI - [Protoplast liberation and regeneration in the ascomycete Hypomyces ochraceus (Pers.) Tul]. AB - A rapid and convenient method for producing protoplasts from 3 d old mycelium of the ascomycete Hypomyces ochraceus is described. The procedure involves a Helix pomatia enzyme preparation and sucrose (20%) for stabilization. Pretreatment with disulfide bond reducing agents reduced the amount of viable protoplasts. Formation of protoplasts and different stages of regeneration were observed by phase contrast microscopy. There was only one type of true regeneration from protoplasts to hyphae in 15-30% gelatine medium by direct forming a germ tube from the original protoplast. Cytological events and physiological conditions are discussed. PMID- 6613170 TI - [Differential diagnosis and therapy of various forms of asthma, especially analgesic asthma and stress-induced asthma]. PMID- 6613171 TI - [Medical care and therapy of chronic bronchopulmonary diseases in childhood]. PMID- 6613172 TI - [The role of psychotherapy in ambulatory medical care]. PMID- 6613173 TI - [Clinical aspects and therapy of endogenous eczema]. PMID- 6613174 TI - [Fungal diseases of the skin and their treatment]. PMID- 6613175 TI - [Sex specific differences in loudness perception--reality or artefact?]. PMID- 6613176 TI - [Physical symptoms in semantically similar and dissimilar emotions]. PMID- 6613177 TI - [Effects of length of imprisonment on self description of delinquents: reference group effects?]. PMID- 6613178 TI - [Importance and possibilities of microbiological control of quality of disinfection in animal production]. PMID- 6613179 TI - [Studies on the usefulness of enterococci as indicator organisms in the microbiologic control of disinfection in animal production]. PMID- 6613180 TI - [Composting as a possibility in the removal of toxic substances]. PMID- 6613181 TI - [Determining odors in the environment of emitters of odors]. PMID- 6613182 TI - [Emission control by the use of thermal and catalytic combustion systems of exhaust gas]. PMID- 6613183 TI - [Relevance of nuisance in impulse time evaluation in the assessment of sound emission in municipalities]. PMID- 6613184 TI - [Interaction of occupational toxic substances and smoking of tobacco]. PMID- 6613185 TI - [The behavior of selected parameters of electric activity of the muscle and the mechanogram during hand-ergograph load until interruption by the subject]. PMID- 6613186 TI - [Antibacterial stability of amikacin in infusional solutions]. PMID- 6613187 TI - [Determination of chloro-organic insecticides in water using concentrations of wofatites Y 29, Y 55 and Y 56]. PMID- 6613189 TI - [Advantages of the high-performance thin layer chromatography in comparison with the conventional thin layer chromatography]. PMID- 6613188 TI - [A device for automatic sampling in the measurement of gaseous emissions]. PMID- 6613190 TI - [Translocated occupational therapy in the system of the early and late psychiatric rehabilitation]. PMID- 6613191 TI - [HDL cholesterol in patients with peripheral arteriosclerotic occlusive disease]. AB - The HDL-cholesterol level in the blood serum was determined in 40 male control persons and 73 male patients with peripheral arteriosclerotic obstructive disease of the lower extremities. A reduction of the HDL concentration as a whole could not be proved. The influence of the various drugs applied to the therapy of the arteriosclerotic obstructive disease on the HDL-cholesterol level in the blood serum is different. With increasing severity of the arterial obstructive disease the HDL level significantly decreases. Patients with hyperlipoproteinaemias show lower HDL concentrations than test persons with inconspicuous serum lipid concentrations. PMID- 6613192 TI - [Beta 2 glycoprotein I analysis in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia, arteriosclerotic occlusive disease and diabetes mellitus]. AB - Beta 2-glycoprotein-I (apolipoprotein H) is an activator of the lipoprotein lipase. The concentration of beta 2-glycoprotein-I in the blood serum was determined with the help of the radial immunodiffusion. In patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia of type IIa and IIb, arteriosclerotic obstructive disease or diabetes mellitus the beta 2-glycoprotein-I-concentrations were increased. In hyperlipoproteinaemia of type IV can be concluded to a relative beta 2 glycoprotein-I-deficiency. PMID- 6613194 TI - [The world-wide problem of malaria]. PMID- 6613193 TI - [Staphylococcus epidermidis as a rare cause of sepsis]. AB - Implanted synthetic materials have to be included into the differential diagnosis of sepsis. This paper reports on a case of sepsis caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis in connection with a Spitz-Holter shunt. The interval between the implantation and the recognition of the endoplastitis took 4 years. The attempt of an antibiotic sanitation had no results. The fitness for work could be restored by removal of the shunt and reimplantation. PMID- 6613195 TI - [Current status of malaria in Ethiopia]. AB - During the least years also in Ethiopia the number of cases of malaria increased despite intensive control measures. There does not yet exist a chloroquine resistance, but, however, special attention must be paid, since it became known from other East-African countries that there were chloroine resistances. DDT has a still sufficient effect. The most important carrier anophelines are A. gambiae S. 1, A. pharoensis, A. funestus and A. nili. M. tropica and M. tertiana nearly exclusively occur. The severest lesions are caused by M. tropica, when it affects malnourished population groups. In contrast to other descriptions a risk of malaria is temporarily existing also at an attitude of more than 2,000 m, though it is here clearly more insignificant than in lower regions. a seasonal accumulation is found from September to November. In contrast to the high rate of incidence of the native population in endemic districts the number of diseases GDR citizens in Ethiopia was extremely low in recent years. Chloroine is further on recommended for medicamentous prophylaxis. PMID- 6613196 TI - [Clinical aspects and therapy of schistosomiasis]. AB - Among 810 parasitologically examined persons (1981) 277 (34%) showed positive findings. The high percentage of parasitisation in foreigners (86%) is to be explained by the in most cases aimed transfer of these patients (215 of the 810 persons). Affection with Schistosoma was recognized in 51 patients at the age of 17-47 years (means = 21.86), without Africans, and stood in the 3rd place of the distribution of frequency of the heterogeneous parasitoses. 49 of these patients came from Mozambique, 1 from Namibia and 1 from Zambia. In 51% S. haematobium was diagnosed, in 22% S. mansoni and in 27% a double infestation with the two forms of parasites. While 80% of the patients with affection of S. haematobium showed clinical symptoms (macrohaematuria, cystitis complaints), there were only 44% among the S. mansoni group. 47 patients were treated with Niridazole (Ambilhar, 25 mg/kg, 5-7 days), 2 patients with Praziquantel (Biltricide, 40 mg/kg, 1 day) and 2 other patients with Praziquantel after unsuccessful Niridazole therapy. Follow-up examinations were performed after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. In 17% of the patients treated with Niridazole the primary treatment did not lead to cure; side effects (abdominal pain, nausea, vertigo) were observed in 55%. Praziquantel was tolerated very well. During a control period of 1 year living eggs of Schistosoma were no more proved. PMID- 6613197 TI - [Intestinal parasites in foreigners entering East Germany]. AB - Among the so-called imported diseases the intestinal parasitoses occupy an important place. Examinations of 5,168 foreigners who entered our country in the district of Halle resulted in the most frequent invasiveness for Trichuris trichiura (whipworm) with 54.33%, Ascaris lumbricoides (eel-worm) with 26.90% and ancylostomatides (hookworms) with 17.88%. The Entamoeba histolytica could be proved in 1.90% of the test persons, the Giardia lamblia in 3.35%. The severest parasitism showed persons from East Asia as well as from tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and America; multiple infestations were not infrequent. With regard to the possibility of the importation of parasitic infectious diseases given by the increasing intercontinental contacts, for which there is generally receptivity in our area, recent increases of extensity in autochthonic parasitoses which could be extensively restrained by effective anti-epidemic measures cannot be excluded. This needs on principle consideration in the establishment of programmes of antiparasitic action. PMID- 6613198 TI - [Clinical aspects and therapy of amebiasis]. PMID- 6613199 TI - [Bone marrow capacity and reaction]. AB - The formation of the blood cells leads via proliferation, differentiation and maturation processes, in which cases the bone marrow capacity expresses the functional capacity of this comprehensive system of cell renovation. Nowadays clues to the quantitative behaviour of proliferation of the various compartments (stem cell compartment, indicator cell compartment and morphologically characterizable cell compartment) are already existing also for man, in which cases various proliferation-kinetic tests give adequate informations. Via a quantitative determination of the granulocytes of the bone marrow an estimation of the postmitotic bone marrow storage of the granulocytopoiesis is at present possible. The responsiveness of the neutrophil granulocytes after stimulation (glucocorticoids, endotoxin) may be used in the clinic as bone marrow functional test with restricted statement. The diagnostic possibilities of the agar-colony technique for the judgment of the bone marrow capacity are represented on the basis of an instance. PMID- 6613200 TI - [Possibilities for pathogenetic clarification of hemolytic anemias using incubation hemolysis]. AB - The haemolysis is the uniform answer of red blood cells to detrimental effects. The method of incubation haemolysis was controlled for its evidence concerning certain groups of causes. The determination of the free haemoglobin in the plasma before incubation may be regarded as measure of haemolysis in vivo. Compensation of the Hb-release under addition of glucose indicates to such causes which are accompanied by an increased expenditure of energy, e.g. transports of ions, protein kinases, spectrin phosphorylations. The incubation with ATP is effective above all in such cases of a haemolysis in which by enzyme defects the red blood cell itself is not able to the sufficient syntheses of connections rich in energy. Some instances for causes of an increased membrane permeability for Hb suggest that the Dacie-test allows only a superficial orientation to groups of diseases. PMID- 6613201 TI - [Problems with xeroradiography]. AB - The present communication reports our experience with the use of xeroradiography in 158 patients suffering mostly from diseases of the locomotor apparatus. The advantage of this method is its high resolution power which allows a simultaneous visualization of skeletal and soft tissues. It is convenient for studies of lymph nodes within the axillar and mammary regions, of skin thickening, or of the vascular pattern. Multiple localizations of hyperostoses, as well as of ligament and tendon calcifications (osteodesmosis) were demonstrated in 35% of the patients with gout and a hyperuricaemic syndrome. Some illustrations of the usefulness of xeroradiography in some acute conditions and in functional studies of the vocal cords are provided. PMID- 6613202 TI - [Clinical course and therapy of amebiasis]. PMID- 6613203 TI - [Pathophysiology of heart rhythm disorders]. PMID- 6613204 TI - [Clinical significance of fascicular blocks]. PMID- 6613205 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of bradycardial rhythm disorders]. PMID- 6613206 TI - [Clinical studies of the differentiation of macrobullous and rarefying lung diseases]. AB - For the purpose of macrobullous and rarefying pulmonary diseases according to clinical criteria an own examination group of 32 patients with rarefications of the lung parenchyma is analyzed. From the clinical point of view above all two characteristic forms of the course are to be demarcated. On the one hand, vast grotesque tissue defects in the sense of the progressive pulmonary dystrophy with only an insignificant component of bronchitis are found. On the other hand, relatively "small" lesions of the parenchyma are opposite to a distinct obstructive bronchitis. Thus the bronchitis syndrome may in a certain way be helpful differential-diagnostically. The importance of the protease inhibitors for the pathogenesis of such pictures of a disease and the indication of further diagnostic interventions are discussed. PMID- 6613207 TI - [Temperature dependence of rosette-forming lymphocytes in healty subjects and women with gynecological tumors]. AB - In blood donors (n equal 39) and women with gynaecological tumours (n equal 12) the number of lymphocytes, rosette-forming with sheep and mouse erythrocytes (SRBC + MRBC), was investigated at 4, 22, 29, 33 and 37 degrees C. SRBC clearly decrease at temperatures of more than 22 degrees C and they also decrease in rosette size, MRBC behave constant in temperature. At an incubation temperature of 4 degrees C SRBC-values of 59 +/- 7.5% and MRBC-values of 7.6 +/- 3.9% could be recognized. The two rosette-tests did not show any significant differences between the sexes, the blood groups and the groups. The temperature-depending SRBC-phenomenon demands the observation of the steadiness of temperature in incubation. The behaviour of the subpopulation of B-lymphocytes forming MRBC, which is constant in temperature, is again described. It speaks for completely other binding forces than in SRBC. The method of a differentiation of the normal person from a tumour carrier by the different rosette-formation with SRBC at 29 and 33 degrees C, inaugurated in literature by West and co-workers, does not find any corresponding case in our group of tumours. The hope of finding a criterion of differentiation for the immunological tumour diagnostics by means of the temperature-different behaviour of the T-lymphocytes must on account of the present level of knowledge be regarded as little hopeful, even when the groups of patients are enlarged. At present immune defect diseases are regarded as a field of secure diagnostic indication for the SRBC-test, selected lymphoproliferative diseases for the SRBC-test. PMID- 6613208 TI - [Differential diagnosis and evaluation of multiple allergic reactions]. AB - On the basis of a casuistics the diagnosis, the differential diagnosis and the expert opinion of allergic multiple reactions (bronchial asthma, allergic alveolitis, sarcoidosis) are discussed. PMID- 6613209 TI - [Therapy results of acute leukemia 1965-1980]. AB - At the instance of 174 patients with leukemia is demonstrated that the development to a more aggressive cytoreductive chemotherapy during the last 15 years achieved success without increasing the risk of treatment. A decisive improvement of prognosis for the acute leukemia of adult age is, however, to be expected only from new methods. PMID- 6613210 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of bradycardial arrhythmias]. AB - Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in bradyarrhythmias are discussed. Special attention is paid to cases with suspected but still undocumented bradycardias and to some aspects of differential therapy. PMID- 6613211 TI - [Heart rhythm disorders as a result of therapy]. PMID- 6613212 TI - [Surgery of hemorrhaging peptic ulcer]. AB - Surgical therapy in upper gastrointestinal bleeding is preferred, if bleeding does not stop spontaneously or an increased risk of recurrent bleeding exists. Absolute indications for surgical intervention is given after blood replacement of 1500 ml/24 hs or 1000 ml in 4 hs, a recurrent bleeding after an initial stop, a continuous bleeding for 24 hours especially in patients over 50 years, the coincidence of bleeding and perforation, and an endoscopically proven visible vessel in the ulceration. A relative indication for surgical intervention is given in patients over 50 years of age, severe second illness in chronic ulceration, pain during active bleeding and problems in blood replacement. Principles of surgical therapy consist of local ligation, devascularisation of the bleeding area of the stomach, gastric resection or vagotomy in different forms. In most cases several therapeutical principles are used. Mortality of operations in active upper gastrointestinal bleeding is around 14%. Recurrent bleeding after operation will happen in about 9%. Bleeding stress ulcerations have a bad prognosis. At the Department of Surgery, University of Gottingen, 178 patients have been operated during the last years because of actively bleeding gastrointestinal ulceration. Total mortality was 12.9% (gastric ulceration 18.6%, duodenal ulceration 9.3%). The surgical therapy of choice has been ligation of bleeding vessel in gastric ulceration and local ligature of the afferent vessel together with stitching of the bleeding vessel under preservation of the pylorus in duodenal ulcer patients. In stress ulceration operation has to be avoided otherwise a vagotomy and resection is performed. PMID- 6613213 TI - [Hepatocellular drug reaction caused by mebendazole therapy in cystic echinococcosis]. AB - A 76 years-old male patient received mebendazole, 500 mg four times a day (appr. 29 mg per kg body weight) for treatment of sonographically and serologically proven cystic echinococcosis of the liver. On day 49 of this therapy he developed an exanthema, and mebendazole-administration was interrupted. At the same time a striking rise of serum transaminases was observed. When enzyme levels normalized, a reexposure using a low dose of mebendazole lead to a new more pronounced rise of transaminases suggesting a drug-induced hepatocellular damage. No measurable change of the Echinococcus cyst was observed during treatment. PMID- 6613214 TI - [Benign epithelial neoplasias of Vater's papilla]. AB - Benign epithelial tumours of the papilla of Vater seem to be very rare. Since 1910, 75 cases have been published. 3 own cases were added. Diagnostic and therapeutic problems were discussed. Benign epithelial neoplasms of the papilla of Vater are precanceromatous. Many cases of carcinoma of the papilla may grow from benign adenomas. The treatment of choice is the local exzision of the adenoma, occasionally necessitating the reimplantation of bile and pancreatic ducts. The main problem is the treatment of adenomas with severe epithelial dysplasia. Metastatic deposits are possible but duodenopancreatectomy seems to be too aggressive an operation in such cases. In cases of severe epithelial dysplasia and focal invasion of the stroma duodenopancreatectomy should be performed. In cases of familial adenomatosis coli adenomas of the papilla should be thought of. In cases of adenomas of the papilla of Vater the colon should be examined to exclude a familial polyposis coli. PMID- 6613215 TI - [Transmural gastric potential difference (PD) and intragastric diurnal pH profile with proglumide]. AB - The presented double-blind cross-over-study evaluates the effect of proglumide on gastric potential difference (PD) and the PD-response to irritation of the gastric mucosal barrier by acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Both, in an acute and a 6 day trial, no protective effect against the mucosal barrier breaker ASA was noticed. Furthermore, the 6-day administration of proglumide neither changed the 23-hour gastric pH-profiles nor the postprandial course of intragastric pH. The findings are shown in contrast to the action of cimetidine. The study shows, that proglumide neither reduces the aggressive factor acidity nor works protective at the gastric mucosal barrier. PMID- 6613217 TI - [Efficient diagnosis of prostate carcinoma]. AB - If rectal examination reveals conspicuous palpation findings of the prostate gland, a biopsy must be taken from the corresponding area, because there are no suitable laboratory measures that could help make up a definite diagnosis. Independently from methods, acid phosphatase as well as urine hydroxyprolin show elevated levels only in cases of metastatic formation. Lymphography results are insufficient and inaccurate. Staging lymphadenectomy is the best procedure to evaluate the lymph nodes; because of the relatively high complication rate, however, this operation is only indicated in case of curative treatment. Good results have been achieved through trans-cutaneous fine needle biopsy of the lymph nodes. In order to detect bone metastases, bone-scanning has proved to be valuable. In case of suspicious findings, X-ray procedures must follow in order to reassure the diagnosis. Topical scientific methods are discussed. PMID- 6613218 TI - [Late skin symptoms of arsenic poisoning in the arsenic endemy in Bugac Alsomonostor]. AB - The population in an arsenic polluted area of Hungary was studied in respect of dermatological signs. Melanosis was observed in 23,75 per cent and keratosis in 10,83 per cent. Vitiligo has been present in 3 per cent of the population being partly associated to melanosis and partly independent. The observations suggest that arsenic does not only induce malignant neoplasms but also enhances development of benign skin tumours. PMID- 6613219 TI - [New approach in the laser therapy of nevus flammeus]. AB - The technical properties of the flashlamp-pumped dye laser are compared with those of other lasers already used in the therapy of port-wine stains. The advantages of the dye laser seem to be evident. The main reasons are the possibility of free choice of the wavelength and the small width of beam pulse. Short term results are presented. The therapeutical value of this method will be recognized not before lang term results are available. PMID- 6613216 TI - Absence of in vivo and in vitro interactions of an aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide containing antacid with cimetidine in patients with peptic ulcer. AB - In view of contradictory reports on the bioavailability of cimetidine in the presence of concomitantly administered antacids we studied the areas under the plasma concentration time curves (AUC) of cimetidine, the maximal concentrations (cmax) and the time, at which cmax was reached (tmax) in eight patients (five patients with duodenal ulcer, three patients with gastric ulcer) with and without the administration of an aluminum hydroxide magnesium hydroxide containing antacid (Maaloxan). No significant effects of the antacid on AUC, cmax and tmax of cimetidine were found. In vitro studies also showed no adsorption of cimetidine to aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide or the antacid. PMID- 6613220 TI - [Potentials and limits of ultrasonic diagnosis for the in vivo determination of the depth of invasion of malignant melanoma]. AB - By means of ultrasound, non invasive determination of the depth of invasion of the malignant melanoma in vivo has been accomplished for the first time. This paper illustrates the technique of ultrasound - generation, detection and the reproduction of sound waves - and defines the process of measurement and the amplitudes of ultrasound pictures. The results of the comparative study ultrasound/histometrication show a high degree of correlation, with distinguishing characteristics. PMID- 6613221 TI - [REM syndrome. A report on a newly observed case]. AB - We report on a new case of REM-syndrome, in which histologically perinuclear edemata of keratinocytes, like those observed in virus infection, were found. PMID- 6613222 TI - [Atopic neurodermatitis after childhood stage; follow-up study of 121 cases]. AB - 121 patients suffering from atopic dermatitis (AD) who had been treated in the years 1967 to 1970, being then up to the age of 10, now have been controlled by means of questionnaires. 62 of them were additionally checked by way of personal interrogation and reexamination. The checking comprised of the course of the disease as well as allergies of the respiratory system (AR). The infantile phase of AD began in 55.4 percent of the patients already during the first trimenon, in 88.3 percent in the course of the first year. The average age of manifestation was at 5.5 months. At the time of the control, 58 percent of all patients and 62 percent of the reexamined patients still suffered from AD. Only 7.4 percent were free of cutaneous atopic manifestations after the infantile period. In 31.4 percent of the cases, the diseases cleared up after the infantile phase but reappeared at the age of 5 +/- 2.5 years. 61.2 percent of the patients developed a continuous transition from the infantile to the childhood phase of AD. 54.5 percent of all patients showed the following variations of AR: 33.1 percent suffered from hay fever, 28.1 percent from bronchial asthma, and 11.6 percent from perennial rhinitis. According to statistics, bronchial asthma revealed a prevalence to alternate with AD and occurred at the average age of 4.4 +/- 3.3 years, whereas rhinitis showed itself significantly later. Treatment with hyposensitization on account of AR seldom influenced the course of AD. The prognosis of AD turned out to be worse, if the disease had begun early (within the first or second trimenon), if it occurred with firstborn or single children, or if the patients also had allergies of the respiratory system. PMID- 6613223 TI - [Comparative results of fluvographic measurements in psoriasis vulgaris and atopic neurodermatitis during climate therapy on the North Sea]. AB - Two groups of patients with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis respectively have been compared with regard to the results of thermal conductivity obtained by fluvographic measures. The abnormal reactions of vessels in both skin diseases initially showed completely opposite fluvographic data. As a result of clinical treatment in the maritime climate of the North Sea, the abnormal reactions of the vessels as well as pathologic skin lesions subsided. These findings are documented by fluvographic data catching up with those found in people without skin problems. PMID- 6613224 TI - [Premature aging syndromes with special reference to lipodystrophy (a case report)]. AB - The authors survey the modern classification of progeria and report on a 12-year old girl suffering from lipodystrophia totalis and diabetes mellitus (Lawrence Seip-syndrome). The girl developed sclerodermiform changes at the age of one year, at her 10th year acanthosis nigricans, xanthoma tuberosum Fredrickson hyperlipoproteinaemie IV, later II/B type and finally at an age of 11 1/2 year diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6613225 TI - [Myocardial 201-thallium uptake after hydralazine in coronary disease]. AB - Following injection of hydralazine, a benign coronary-artery-dilating drug, myocardial blood flow increased by 25%. Myocardial 201-thallium uptake at rest and after intravenous injection of 12 mg hydralazine was quantitatively investigated in 28 patients. In patients with essential hypertension or coronary artery stenoses of up to 90%, myocardial 201-thallium uptake increased by 19%-30% in nonischemic areas. In 9 of 14 patients with regional imaging defects, thallium uptake also increased in these ischemic areas; 4 of these patients had asynergies in the area of imaging defects. In 3 patients with a complete obstruction of a major branch of a coronary artery perfusion defects developed following hydralazine application. CONCLUSION: An increased 201-thallium uptake in an ischemic area indicates reperfusion; this could be helpful for deciding whether coronary surgery should be performed or not. PMID- 6613226 TI - [The atrioventricular valve opening time on the normal echocardiogram]. AB - 54 healthy volunteers were examined. In 48 the time from the beginning of the QRS complex to the opening of the atrioventricular (AV) valves (point D in the echocardiogram), the Q-Dt for the tricuspid valve (TV) and for the mitral valve (MV), was measured by echocardiography. In the other 6 subjects this was done by atrial stimulation using an esophageal probe. The Q-D period is dependent on heart rate and embraces the total electromechanical systole (Q-S2) of the left or right ventricle and the isovolumic relaxation time (IRT). The time for the opening of the TV is 408 ms (+/- 86 ms) [2 SD] and that for the MV 428 ms +/- 86 ms at a mean heart rate of 73 beats/min and 72 beats/min respectively. However, this 20-ms difference between the opening times of TV and MV was not seen under stimulation with the esophageal probe. In order to compare Q-Dts measured at different heart rates, all values were corrected to correspond to a heart rate of 72 beats/min by using the regression line of Q-Dt/heart rate. Prolongation of Q Dt TV and Q-Dt MV in comparison to normal values is discussed in 9 patients. Of 6 patients with left heart failure, 2 had delayed opening of the MV; in 5 early diastolic filling was delayed or there was exclusively late diastolic filling of the right ventricle. It can be assumed that prolongation of Q-Dt TV or Q-Dt MV is due to a dysfunction of isovolumic relaxation. The time taken to reach the early diastolic AV pressure gradient seems to play an important role in determining the length of the IRT. A lengthening of the IRT and the electromechanical systole is discussed in 3 patients with right ventricular load and prolongation of the Q-Dt TV. PMID- 6613227 TI - [Diagnosis of intracardial and paracardial space-occupying masses: comparison between two-dimensional echocardiography and computed tomography]. AB - The validity of two-dimensional echocardiography (2-D echo) and computed tomography (CT) in the detection of intra- and paracardial tumors and thrombi was compared in 32 patients: 7 endocardial myxomas, 1 left ventricular fibroma, 2 paracardial cysts, 1 paracardial tumor, and 21 thrombi. In 16 cases intraoperative findings served as a control. The 2-D echo is easier to handle and free of radiation of contrast media. CT can visualize cardiac tumors independently of their location, whereas 2-D echo sometimes insufficiently images paracardial and right ventricular structures. It must be considered an advantage that 2-D echo detects mobile tumors such as those attached to valves, which the CT will not show. The tissue involved is more likely to be characterized by CT, although results are unreliable. However, in all cases tumors could be differentiated from thrombi by means of additional diagnostic criteria, such as the pattern of wall motion or valve motion. 2-D echo and CT therefore appear to be complementary methods rather than competitive ones. Invasive diagnostic procedures are required only to answer particular questions, e.g., concerning the coronary arteries. PMID- 6613228 TI - [His-bundle electrographic localization of a complete intra-His AV block in a patient with congenital corrected transposition of the great vessels]. AB - Patients with corrected congenital transposition of the large arteries (CCT) often develop atrioventricular (AV) conduction disturbances, which may lead to syncope or sudden death. This report is concerned with our findings in a 24-year old man with a CCT accompanied by a small ventricular septal defect and a complete AV block. While published case reports of electrophysiologically investigated third-degree AV blocks show conduction disturbances proximal to the bundle of His, we found the block to be localized in the intra-His region, which makes the case a rarity. PMID- 6613229 TI - [Severe generalized atherosclerosis in a 14-year-old boy]. AB - A case of severe generalized atherosclerosis in a 14-year-old boy is reported; all the large arteries, including the coronary vessels, were involved. A high degree of stenosis of the abdominal aorta very close to the origin of the renal arteries was thought to be the reason for the accompanying considerable systemic hypertension. Laboratory investigations were not able to produce evidence of the cause of the disease, and there were no apparent risk factors. Finally, it was concluded on the basis of the family history of the patient that a genetic component involving unknown pathogenetic mechanisms was responsible for the early manifestation of the disease. PMID- 6613231 TI - [Analysis of the QRS complex and the ST segment using the signal averaging technic in healthy subjects]. PMID- 6613230 TI - [The catecholamines and glycogen in the conductive system of the heart]. PMID- 6613232 TI - [Late potentials and delayed intrinsic deflections in acute regional ischemia of the heart]. AB - Waveforms occurring at the end of the QRS complex or during the ST-segments, T wave, or diastolic intervals are defined as "late potentials". Whether late potentials reflect delayed regional activation is still under discussion. A correlation with electrophysiological parameters directly indicating delayed activation has not yet been made. The present study was performed in isolated porcine hearts (n = 12) perfused according to the Langendorff method. An ischemic zone was produced by occlusion of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. Unipolar epicardial electrograms were recorded by means of nonpolarizable electrodes using DC-amplifiers (0-1250 Hz). We measured the intrinsic deflection of the ischemic zone electrogram and compared it to deflections within the ST-segments of the normal zone. When activation of the ischemic zone was progressively delayed, the intrinsic deflections and the deflections within the ST-segments were also progressively delayed. When 2:1 block at the edge of the ischemic zone occurred, deflections within the ST segments showed the same sequence. When premature stimuli were applied, both deflections could be delayed until they outlasted the ST-segment duration. If this occurred, ventricular tachycardia developed. Our data demonstrate a definite correlation between late potentials and delayed intrinsic deflections, and suggest that late potentials in acute regional ischemia are due to extracellular current flow which might be sufficient to induce malignant ventricular dysrhythmias. PMID- 6613233 TI - [Hemodynamic findings at rest and during exercise following implantation of different mitral valve prostheses with equal tissue annulus diameter]. PMID- 6613234 TI - [Diagnostic value of 201-thallium imaging following dipyridamole in patients with a normokinetic left ventricle]. AB - In 100 patients with a normokinetic left ventricle 201-thallium imaging following administration of dipyridamole (0.50 mg/kg body wt. i.v.) showed a sensitivity of 67% (41/61) and a specificity of 95% (37/39) in diagnosing coronary artery disease. Exercise stress testing gave nearly equal sensitivity values (36/58 = 62%) with only slightly lower specificity (32/39 = 85%). The rate of true positive 201-thallium findings increased with the number of narrowed vessels (one vessel disease 50%, two vessel disease 63%, three vessel disease 94%); the extent of coronary artery disease was almost regularly underestimated with the scintigraphic method. Because of the low sensitivity a negative finding cannot exclude the presence of coronary artery disease, but the existence of three vessel disease can be considered improbable in patients in whom thallium scintigraphy findings are negative. Analysis following Bayes' theorem revealed the method to have a low diagnostic value in patients with either very low or high pretest probability for the disease; either a positive or a negative finding is of most use in a patient with low or average pretest probability of the disease (20-60%). PMID- 6613235 TI - [Transbrachial angiography--arteriotomy or percutaneous puncture?]. AB - In 102 patients transcutaneous right brachial artery catheterizations were performed. The sequelae of the brachial artery lesion were investigated 22.43 +/- 22.26 months after catheterization, and data obtained by bilateral Doppler ultrasound technique, oscillography, and strain gauge plethysmography were compared. In ten patients minor obstructions of peripheral blood flow were noted. One patients suffered from longer-lasting ischemic symptoms, which were successfully treated with drugs. In another case an embolectomy had to be performed with an almost complete relief of the obstruction. In our view, the transcutaneous approach may be preferred to the dissection of the artery because the procedure is followed by a low incidence of sequelae for the patient and saves time for the investigator. The rate of obstruction to peripheral flow in our study was lower, in comparison to controls than after dissection of the brachial artery as reported in the literature. PMID- 6613236 TI - [Diameter changes of epicardial coronary arteries and coronary stenoses after intracoronary application of SIN 1, a molsidomine metabolite]. AB - The vasodilating effects of intracoronary injections of 0.4 mg SIN 1, the active metabolite of molsidomine, on epicardial coronary arteries and coronary stenoses were evaluated in 14 patients with coronary artery disease in a double-blind randomized fashion versus placebo. 9 additional patients with well-definable coronary stenoses received 0.4 mg SIN 1 as well. Diameter changes of nonstenotic coronary arteries in proximal, medial and distal coronary segments as well as changes of the residual luminal diameters within coronary stenoses were determined before (K), immediately after (M1) and 10 minutes after (M2) intracoronary application of SIN 1; in addition, aortic pressure and heart rate were monitored continuously. Aortic pressure and heart rate did not change after SIN 1 or placebo. After SIN 1, the diameter of nonstenotic coronary arteries increased in proximal segments by + 9% (M1) and + 11.7% (M2), in medial segments by + 17.6% (M1) and + 17.6% (M2), in distal segments by + 26.4% (M1) and + 28.8% (M2). Within coronary stenoses, the residual luminal diameters showed a mean increase by 31.5% (M1) and 48.3% (M2). Placebo did not alter coronary diameters significantly. SIN 1 effectively dilates nonstenotic and especially stenotic epicardial coronary arteries, as it is already known for nitrates and calcium channel blockers. By intracoronary injections, the direct effects on coronary vessels can be detected without interference with systemic effects. The increase in residual luminal diameters within dynamic coronary stenoses after SIN 1 is most likely an important antianginal mechanism also for molsidomine. PMID- 6613237 TI - [Binodal disease: diseased sinus node and atrioventricular block]. AB - Atrioventricular (AV) conduction disturbances in patients (pts) with sick sinus syndrome (SSS) are well known, but sinus node function (SNF) in AV block is not well documented. We therefore performed electrophysiological tests to evaluate SNF in 30 pts with high-degree AV block (group 1) and AV conduction in 15 pts with SSS (group 1). These measurements were repeated after vagolysis with atropine in group 2. In group 1 ergometry was performed if the electrophysiological SNF tests were abnormal. Results (mean +/- 1 SD) for group 1 were: sinus node recovery time (SNRT) 1184 +/- 473 ms, corrected SNRT (cSNRT) 337 +/- 394 ms. In 3 pts SNRT or cSNRT was abnormal. In these 3 pts the response of sinus rate to exercise was insufficient. In group 2 SNRT before and after atropine was 2345 +/- 822 ms and 1558 +/- 815 ms respectively (p less than 0.05), cSNRT 1285 +/- 965 ms and 954 +/- 832 ms (n.s.), sinoatrial conduction time 319 +/- 283 ms and 150 +/- 149 ms (n.s.), and Wenckebach point 532 +/- 178 ms and 383 +/- 68 ms (p less than 0.01). His-ventricle time was 48 +/- 5.8 ms. In 6 of these 15 pts impaired AV-conduction was present (defined as Wenckebach point below 500 ms), but normalized in 4 pts after atropine. We postulate that persistence of abnormal SNF and AV conduction after vagolysis is an argument for organic binodal disease. This occurs with equal frequency in both groups in about 10% of patients. Increased vagal tone is common in SSS and uncommon in AV block. In patients with SSS the frequent additional AV conduction delay must be taken into consideration when atrial pacing is considered. PMID- 6613238 TI - [Coarctation of the descending aorta. A rare form of connatal aortic stenosis]. AB - A clinical diagnosis of a coarctation of the aorta was made in a 17-year-old female hypertensive patient. Angiography revealed an atypical stenosis of the descending aorta which was surgically corrected. The causes of aortic stenoses are discussed. PMID- 6613239 TI - [Current status of ambulatory coronary groups in West Germany. Results of a nation-wide survey]. AB - The aim of the study was to gather detailed information on the structure and function of ambulatory coronary training groups in Germany by means of a nationwide survey. The response rate was 66.7%; the results are therefore representative for the FRG. From the collected data it can be estimated that approximately 500 coronary clubs care for approximately 9 000 patients. Sponsorship, financing, group structure, and club activities, as well as data on morbidity and complications, are presented in detail. Statements by both physicians and patients support the view that the main benefit of coronary clubs is not the improvement of physical fitness, but the improvement in the quality of life of the participants. PMID- 6613240 TI - [Status threat in mid-adulthood and its health consequences--medical sociologic findings in coronary diseases]. AB - Starting from a socio-physiological approach to the study of stress we define a distinct class of critical experiences called "active distress" which consists of enhanced effort due to external demands and limited success or control over the outcome. Results of a retrospective case-control study on 380 male patients (age 30-55) with defined first myocardial infarction and a matched control group are presented. In this frame of reference, results show that forced striving for maintenance of socioeconomic status and threat to achieved position (by downward mobility) are more common in the disease than in the control group. In addition coronary-prone behaviour is more pronounced if achieved status is threatened. Such an approach is of scientific as well as of practical interest, e.g., in the field of preventive gerontology. PMID- 6613241 TI - [Social stress, psychiatric disease and physical impairment in old age: results of a field study]. AB - As part of an epidemiological study of elderly people in Mannheim (FRG), the associations between social situation, psychiatric illness and physical impairment were investigated. For this purpose, social interview data and data from a medical-psychiatric interview, based on a representative sample of residents of 7 city districts (N = 350), were analyzed. Social situation was defined by 3 aspects of the life situation: unfavorable housing conditions, low socioeconomic status and "objective" and "subjective" social isolation. Psychiatric illness and physical impairment were found significantly more often among people with unfavorable housing conditions. Furthermore, the frequency of psychiatric illness and physical impairment increased with declining social class membership. Interestingly, this negative association disappeared for psychiatric illness when physical impairment was partialed out. Finally, "subjective" isolation was associated highly significantly with psychiatric illness and physical impairment; for "objective" isolation however these relationships did not exist. The results suggest that each of the factors except "objective" isolation contains a risk potential for psychiatric illness and physical impairment. Further research is needed to answer questions concerning interactional and cumulative effects of the 3 risk factors. PMID- 6613242 TI - [Crises in old age. Trial with a multivariant analysis of adjustment strategies in crises]. AB - After a short review of some relevant theories focusing mainly on their developmental aspects, an own model is proposed. This is statistically analysed by means of the LISREL-algorithm, which is applied to data concerning crises behavior in a problematic housing situation, and which were gained from the Bonn Longitudinal Study of Aging. From the psychological point of view, especially those findings seem to be important which imply that an active and problem oriented coping strategy is often joined but not overruled by a passive and problem-disoriented one, whereas, if a problem-disoriented strategy predominates, this interferes with any rather active solution strategies turning up. Moreover, the situational stress is perceived more intensive under active rather than under passive strategies and--additionally--health and (test-)intelligence turned out to interact with other variables in a specific way: high intelligence covaries with low scores on perceived stress and passive coping styles, while stressed health rather correlates with passive strategies and a raised subjective load. PMID- 6613243 TI - [Psychosocial stress, crises and loss of vitality and depression in the life course of myocardial infarct patients]. PMID- 6613244 TI - [Tetanus immunity in old age]. AB - Among 1546 elderly persons (above 60 years of age) from a large town the immunity against tetanus was tested. 1043 persons (66.18%) had no antibodies against tetanus-toxoid in their serum. Almost half of the remaining positive sera (33.82%) showed antibody titers between 0.01 and 0.1 IU/ml. It is open to discussion if these titers warrant complete protection against the disease. On the contrary, children or young men serving in the army showed good immunity with high antibody titers. Tetanus has become a rare disease in the western countries, but cases still occur. The disease affects nowadays mainly adults. The older the patient the higher is its mortality. According to our study, many old people are not protected against tetanus. The risk of infection is widespread. It is strongly recommended to immunize also elderly persons at regular intervals. The vaccination against tetanus is cheap, well tolerated and yields a good immunity even in old age. PMID- 6613245 TI - [Biology of female sexuality in old age]. AB - In the aged women, beginning after the menopause, sexuality will be declining in a high percentage. The reasons are many: bad state of health, complaints, decrease of fitness, genital atrophy, gynecological operations, partner problems, and others. On the other side, sexuality can be maintained up to high age. In any case is the demand for affection, tenderness, love and sexual relations nearly always present, and its realization should not be inhibited. The sexual reactions are decreased and retarded. Therefore often a change of the role and behaviour pattern of the partners is necessary in the sexual contact. The partners should know their mutual problems and desires, show understanding and should adjust to each other. Counselling, behaviour therapy and treatment with sexual hormones can help to solve the problems. PMID- 6613247 TI - [Coagulation analysis and photometric determination of inception of coagulation]. PMID- 6613246 TI - [Homocystinuria - results of a screening test of risk groups and diagnosis of this genetic metabolic disorder]. PMID- 6613248 TI - [Quantitative determination of plasma proteins using laser nephelometry and commercially-used antisera]. PMID- 6613249 TI - [Comparing methods of regression and paired t-test]. PMID- 6613250 TI - [Seasonal changes of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase in blood plasma]. PMID- 6613251 TI - [Determination of antithrombin III using bovine fibrinogen as substrate]. PMID- 6613252 TI - [Pathobiochemical background of modified enzyme elimination in the urine]. PMID- 6613253 TI - [A method for the amperometric determination of uric acid]. PMID- 6613254 TI - [Separation of lipoproteins of rat serum using disc electrophoresis]. PMID- 6613255 TI - [Isolation and identification of urinary proteins by two-dimensional acrylamide agarose-electrophoresis]. PMID- 6613256 TI - [System development in automated radioimmunoassay]. PMID- 6613258 TI - [Computer-aided establishment of erythrocyte-distribution curves on the PHA-1 hematologic autoanalyzer]. PMID- 6613257 TI - [Effects on clinico-biochemical methods by medicine - study of the effects of diazepam (Faustan) on selected automated detection methods]. PMID- 6613259 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of thrombocyte counting by the "Laborscale" (MEDICOR) particle size counter]. PMID- 6613260 TI - [Determination of free fatty acids with a diphenylcarbazide color reagent]. PMID- 6613261 TI - [Cuvette insert for the AAS 1 N atomic absorption spectrophotometer from VEB Carl Zeiss Jena]. PMID- 6613262 TI - [Possibilities of direct data recording and handling with the VSU2 spectrophotometer]. PMID- 6613263 TI - [Osteopenia, marrow atrophy and capillary circulation. Comparative studies of the human iliac crest and 1st lumbar vertebra]. AB - Histological and histomorphometrical measurements were made on normal and on osteoporotic bone from the first lumbar vertebra and the iliac crest of 15 cases. A decrease in cancellous bone was found in both. This was accompanied by a reduction in haematopoietic marrow and a corresponding increase in fat cells. In addition, the numbers of arterial capillaries and sinuses per unit area were also reduced. There is a greater overall vascularization in the first lumbar vertebra than in the iliac crest, even though the amount of cancellous bone is normally less in the former. However, the arborization of the terminal vessels in the iliac crest is more extensive than that in the first lumbar vertebra. These observations provide support for the participation of a vascular component in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. PMID- 6613264 TI - [Acute torticollis and its roentgen analysis]. AB - It has hitherto been assumed without exception that A-P films of acute torticollis demonstrate neither malposture nor subluxation or (worse still) luxation of the atlas. In contrast, there is ventral subluxation of the atlas in all cases, although in about one-half of them this only become manifest in ventral flexion, with a tendency to form an angle between the odontoid process and the first cervical vertebra. In conformity with the head posture in acute torticollis, X-ray findings in the head joints are normal on A-P films. Fundamental to acute torticollis is that when the head is held in certain positions -- lateral inclination with rotation, sometimes combined with tilting of the head -- spontaneous, occasionally gradual obstruction of rotation of the atlas (and more rarely of the axis) occur; as a result, the head has to be held in these positions by force. In attempts to equalize head posture temporarily, lateral shifting of the atlas quite frequently occurs; depending on atlas rotation and the statics of the cervical spine, it may be either physiological or pathologic. PMID- 6613265 TI - [Morphology of a pelvitrochanteric nearthrosis in proximal hip dislocation]. AB - A joint between the pelvis and the minor trochanter on the right hip of a 87 year old female will be investigated. The investigation includes the joint between the femoral head and the secondary socket. An analyse of the cartilage and the cancellous bone structure shows, that the joint pressure will be transmitted not only by the hip joint but also by the new joint. PMID- 6613266 TI - [Tissue burden with exogenous trace elements caused by roentgen contrast media in bone cements]. AB - In 44 patients undergoing a change of total hip prosthesis, made of Co-Cr alloy and at one point with a Refobacin-Palacos chain we analyzed samples of the hip joint capsule and fascia lata. Using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) up to 18 elements were analyzed. The findings demonstrate that the tissues in the surroundings as well as in direct contact with the total hip prosthesis are burdened by corrosion products of the alloy and by decomposition of the bone cement. The decomposition of bone cement can be shown in the extraordinary high concentration of Barium, Zirconium and Hafnium which are added to Bone Cements as X-ray contrast. Microscopic findings at the same time complete and confirm the trace element analyses. PMID- 6613267 TI - [Effect of a constructive change in the Charnley total hip endoprosthesis on its permanent stability in the bone]. AB - Because of long experiences with cemented hip joint prostheses and the simple geometric form of this joint shape and material of those prostheses are nearly established. Therefore, success of different systems is measured by duration of stabile fixation in the bone. A minor modification of the acetabular cup is able to improve this duration of stability. The cup has a additional central cone which will be wedged firmly in a centering hole, drilled in the acetabulum. In a longtime follow-up study of 1004 operated patients - medium observation time 7.8 years - the cup loosening rates are only 2.6%. The biomechanical basis of the value of the central cone is discussed. PMID- 6613268 TI - [A biomechanical solution for permanent anchoring of artificial hip joint acetabula]. AB - This paper describes models of artificial acetabula which are better adapted to the structural conditions of the fixation bed than the prostheses used hitherto. The most important design feature is the increased area of surface contact between the artificial acetabulum and bone by means of stepped anchoring pins, which extend radially into the spongiosa from the surface of the acetabulum. The location and length of these small anchoring pins depends on the bone architecture of the acetabulum. PMID- 6613269 TI - [A simple device for attaching a halo]. AB - A fitting device is described which serves to adjust a halo; thus its application may be carried out by the surgeon alone without assistance. A modification of the device is described which may be used for fixation of a patient's head during surgery in the operating theater. With two exceptions all parts of the device are standard products of industrial or medical instrument manufacturers. Reference 4 lists these parts and describes the specially designed components. Thus, the device can easily be copied. PMID- 6613270 TI - [Intraoperative autotransfusion in extensive orthopedic interventions]. AB - In large orthopaedic operations massive blood losses sometimes can hardly be avoided. Apart from other autotransfusion methods (repeated preoperative withdrawal of blood or isovolaemic haemodilution) the intraoperative autotransfusion (IAT) has proved particularly useful. By means of the autotransfusion system Haemonetics Cell Saver, whose functional performance is described in the following, there was a decrease in homologous erythrocytes of 60.5 l, that is more than 300 erythrocyte concentrates. With regard to the intraoperative period the average reduction in donor blood for each patient was between 68.0 and 94.8%. Considering the compensation of postoperative blood losses there was a decrease in donor blood of between 55.6 and 66.2%. The importance of this reduction in donor blood (decreased hepatitis risk and better quality of the autologous erythrocytes) is discussed. On close and critical examination of advantages and disadvantages concerning the intraoperative autotransfusion, we have to give the preference to the Haemonetics Cell Saver, especially in the orthopaedic range. PMID- 6613271 TI - [Renal osteopathy and its significance for the orthopedic surgeon]. PMID- 6613272 TI - [Neuropathic joint changes in syringomyelia. Problems in diagnosis and therapy based on a personal case]. AB - This is a report of a patient with syringomyelia and septic Charcot joint of the left elbow. In cause of the inflammatory condition we performed an arthrodesis of the elbow. In spite of postoperative complications with fracture of the humerus and ulna we obtained a satisfactory result of treatment with weight-bearing arthrodesis and stop of the joint sepsis. PMID- 6613273 TI - [Fascia compartment syndrome of the iliac-psoas compartment]. AB - The iliacus compression syndrome has a kind of exceptional position--as to genesis, development and therapy--in comparison with the other compartment compression syndromes of the limbs. Indeed there exist similar pathophysiological, rules, but the special anatomic facts enlarge the etiological, differential-diagnostic and therapeutic spectrum. Thus, concerning the frequency of causes, not the trauma but the spontaneous bleeding in coagulation disturbances takes the first place, and unusual causes, such as rupturing aortic aneurysms, have to be included in the differential diagnostic discussion. The finest diagnostic sign besides pain is the palsy of the Nervus Femoralis. As to the treatment, operative measures are possible. The exact knowledge of the anatomy is important for the understanding of the specialties mentioned above. PMID- 6613274 TI - [Subcapital femoral osteotomy and invasive reposition of sudden total femur head displacement]. AB - Full correction of extremely slipped heads of femora by subcapital osteotomy has the serious risk of necrosis (30%). Complications also may actually develop after Imhauser's intertrochanteric osteotomy, doubtless in a smaller number of cases as described in own patients. PMID- 6613275 TI - [Bone scintigraphy in children from the surgical and orthopedic viewpoints]. AB - Sixty children with Legg-Perthes disease (19), bone tumor (27), osteogenesis imperfecta (7), osteomyelitis (5) and transient synovitis (2) were studied using 99mTc labeled diphosphonate. A number of benign or malign bone diseases of children need early detection in order to institute the best form--the fine form- of treatment. We recommend the bone scintigraphy in the initial screening of children with signs and symptoms of bone pathology. PMID- 6613276 TI - [Rupture of the juvenile tibial tuberosity--classification and therapy recommendations based on a case history]. AB - The tear-off or the large fractureee of the tuberositas tibiae with participation of the platform of the knee-joint is a special form of fracture of the lower extremity. Primarily it appears in the puberty. The explanation of these facts bases on the knowledge of the evolution of this ununitary region. The report explains this evolution and the arise of this special fractur. Also it explains the fundamental classifications of this fractur and it's therapy. PMID- 6613277 TI - [Expression and course of the nail-patella syndrome in a family over 6 generations]. AB - The younger generations of a Viennese family suffering from Patella-Nail-Syndrome were examined. Prominent features and frequency of symptoms were compared with the results of earlier examinations of this family. Differences and similarities were compared with the observations of other authors. PMID- 6613278 TI - [Therapy of capitate bone necrosis by partial alloplastic replacement]. AB - To the author's knowledge, the use of a Silastic spacer for treating necrosis of the capitate bone has been described before. The method described in this paper is seen as a proven means of treatment, superior to intercarpal arthrodesis and tendon implantation, not to speak of conservative treatment. Moreover, it satisfies the general requirement for alloplastic replacement where this is still possible as a "last resort". The operation itself is simple, and the duration of treatment much shorter than by any other method. PMID- 6613280 TI - [Lumbar vertebra-3 fracture without trauma]. PMID- 6613279 TI - [Endoscopic examination of the elbow joint from the dorsoradial approach]. AB - At the Second Surgical Clinic in Nurnberg endoscopy of the elbow joint was employed as an aid to diagnosing complaints in 25 elbow joints. The examinations were carried out under anesthetic with dorsoradial approach. The joints were exposed with CO2 gas. There were no complications. Endoscopic examination of the elbow proved helpful both for preoperative diagnosis as well as for the prognosis following elbow-joint surgery. PMID- 6613281 TI - [Cervical syndrome. Neurologico-neuroradiologic diagnosis]. PMID- 6613282 TI - [Subarachnoid hemorrhage. Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures]. PMID- 6613284 TI - [Stomach obstruction caused by trichobezoar]. PMID- 6613283 TI - [Diagnosis of knee joint diseases using arthrography and arthroscopy]. PMID- 6613285 TI - [Chronic rhinopathy and hay fever. Nonspecific stimulation treatment]. PMID- 6613286 TI - [Gastroenterology (11). Ultrasonics in gastroenterology]. PMID- 6613287 TI - [Emergencies in general medicine (56). Phosphoric acid ester poisoning]. PMID- 6613288 TI - [What is your diagnosis?]. PMID- 6613289 TI - [Genetic family counseling. Ethical viewpoints]. PMID- 6613290 TI - [Law and ethics of the physician. Harmony and contradictions]. PMID- 6613291 TI - [Medical care of terminally ill patients]. PMID- 6613292 TI - [Depressive patients in inpatient psychiatric-psychotherapeutic treatment. Basic principles, results and experiences of the Weissenauer Depression Ward]. PMID- 6613293 TI - [Ultrasound in gastroenterology]. PMID- 6613294 TI - [Emergencies in general medicine. Alcoholic intoxication]. PMID- 6613295 TI - [Ambulatory treatment of hypertension with the beta blocker propranolol (Indobloc)]. PMID- 6613296 TI - [Special aspects of juvenile diabetes mellitus (type I)]. PMID- 6613297 TI - [Diabetic children. Psychological care in family and practice]. PMID- 6613298 TI - [Diabetes mellitus and the formation of gallstones]. PMID- 6613299 TI - [Diagnostic endoscopy methods]. PMID- 6613300 TI - [Emergencies in general medicine. Sleeping pill poisoning]. PMID- 6613301 TI - [Results of a study using Slimin in private practice]. PMID- 6613302 TI - [The epidemic of hemorrhagic fever in Zaire (August-November 1976) and its implications]. PMID- 6613303 TI - [The physician under the Southern Cross]. PMID- 6613304 TI - [State and perspectives of the development of medical science in the Ukrainian SSR]. PMID- 6613306 TI - [State and perspectives of the development of medical science in the Lithuanian SSR]. PMID- 6613305 TI - [State and perspectives of the development of medical science in the Latvian SSR]. PMID- 6613307 TI - [Development of medical science in the Estonian SSR]. PMID- 6613308 TI - [Experimental study of various aspects of microcirculatory pathology]. PMID- 6613309 TI - [Pathogenetic basis of the treatment of frostbite]. PMID- 6613311 TI - [Indications for and the results of combined use of papillosphincterotomy and choledochoduodenoanastomosis]. PMID- 6613310 TI - [Atrial thrombosis and arterial embolism in surgery of mitral valve stenosis]. PMID- 6613312 TI - [Post-cholecystectomy syndrome and the problems of work capacity evaluation]. PMID- 6613313 TI - [Clinico-electroneuromyographic characteristics of motor disorders in so-called infantile cerebral palsy]. PMID- 6613315 TI - [Methodological aspects of the use of expert testimony in the biomedical research planning]. PMID- 6613314 TI - [Systematic approach to the control of scientific research of a complex medical problem]. PMID- 6613316 TI - [Clinical and pathomorphological polymorphism of skin lesions in sarcoidosis]. PMID- 6613317 TI - [Histochemical characteristics of oxidative-reductive enzyme and phosphorylase activity in the skin in lichen ruber planus]. PMID- 6613318 TI - [Seroresistant syphilis]. PMID- 6613319 TI - [Immunological indices of psoriasis patients in the process of treatment by photochemotherapy]. PMID- 6613320 TI - [Gottron's carcinoid papillomatosis of the skin]. PMID- 6613321 TI - [Cytological picture of the lymph nodes in experimental allergic dermatitis due to chromium and nickel]. PMID- 6613322 TI - [Role of bacterial allergy in the development of neurodermatitis in children and the methods for pathogenetic therapy]. PMID- 6613323 TI - [Clinical and treatment characteristics of psoriasis patients with carbohydrate metabolic disorders]. PMID- 6613324 TI - [Lipid metabolic indices of children with psoriasis]. PMID- 6613325 TI - [Micronodular form of necrobiosis lipoidica]. PMID- 6613326 TI - [Skin lesions in metallic osteosynthesis]. PMID- 6613327 TI - [Infusions of hemodes in the therapy of ulcerative dermatoses]. PMID- 6613328 TI - [Status and role of free-radical processes in psoriasis patients]. PMID- 6613329 TI - [CSF diagnosis of early forms of neurosyphilis]. PMID- 6613330 TI - [Case of the late diagnosis of congenital syphilis]. PMID- 6613331 TI - [Electrophysiologic study of the cerebral control of swallowing]. AB - Swallowing dominant, created by serial pouring of water into rabbit's mouth cavity was tested in after-action from water supply. As a result of summation in the dominant focus of excitations elicited by stimuli of various modalities, swallowing took place. The study of swallowing dominant revealed by its stimulus which elicits its own unconditioned reflex (blinking), has shown that temporary feedback is characteristic for the dominant as well as for the conditioned reflex. Summation in the swallowing center during dominant testing by stimulation of the eye cornea takes place without conjugated inhibition of the blinking center. During discrete pouring of water into the animal's mouth, evoked potentials appear in the cortical-subcortical structures of the swallowing center. Identical potentials appear in corresponding structures before the summation swallowing. Appearance of these potentials in the electric activity of the dominant focus testifies to its readiness for summation. PMID- 6613332 TI - [Shifts in the steady potential in the dynamics of stationary excitation of the cerebral cortex]. AB - Shifts of steady potentials (SP) in the cerebral cortex of rats were studied during formation of stationary excitation foci by low-frequency electric stimulation and application of penicillin. The dynamics of SP shifts reflects summary effect of depolarization and hyperpolarization processes, actively involved in each cycle of excitation. As a result of functional heterogeneity of different cortical areas, a spontaneously appearing wave of spreading depression (SD) may be transformed into a spiral wave, actively influencing the dynamics of excitation resulting from direct stimulation of the cortex. The cause of long term inhibition of paroxysmal activity foci may be repeated generation of slow negative waves of SD persisting in conditions of rapid restoration of cortical ability to conduct SD. PMID- 6613333 TI - [The dominant and interhemispheric relations]. AB - The role of the dominant in the interhemispheric asymmetry and interhemispheric relationships in animals is discussed. Examples are given of lateral specialization of their brain. The interhemispheric asymmetry are described: bilaterality of origin, the mozaic pattern, a certain stability. An asymmetry model created by lateralized light source is analysed. The result was used to study interhemispheric relationships. The role of the dominant in the organization of the callosal common path is discussed. A conclusion was drawn that the dominant is a major mechanism of the functional interhemispheric asymmetry and interhemispheric relationships. PMID- 6613334 TI - [Changes in evoked potentials to light in the presence of lesions of the diencephalic and brainstem regions of the human brain]. AB - Evoked potentials (EPs) to light were studied in groups of patients with tumours of basal-diencephalic localization (24 patients) and at the brain-stem level (24 patients), in comparison with 11 normal subjects. In the first group, a decrease of amplitude and increase of response duration were found in the frontal cortical areas, with simultaneous reduction of intrahemispheric differences due to decrease of low-frequency components in the EP spectra by amplitude in fronto central parts, and of alpha- and beta-frequencies in the occipital parts of the hemispheres. EP changes resulting from brain-stem tumors were more expressed than in the case of cerebellar tumors. In patients with foci causing a pronounced irritation of the brain-stem, a decrease in responses amplitude was observed accompanied by an amplitude lowering of delta- and theta-frequencies in EPs spectra in the frontal, central and temporal leads, with no changes in the occipital leads. The obtained data testify to functional inequivalence and independence of different EP frequency components suggesting that the methods of studying the EP frequency structure are informative and efficient. PMID- 6613335 TI - [The sensitive period in the development of the human visual system]. AB - The human visual system is the most sensitive to the deprivation of the object vision up to the age of 7, when the amblyopia produced by congenital or traumatic cataract develops in all cases and is "relatively" sensitive during the period from 7 to 15 years, when probability of amblyopia development and its degree are determined by the age of cataract appearance and duration of its existence. Visual deprivation taking place after 15 years does not lead to ambliopy. The data on visual evoked potentials (VEP) obtained during stimulation of the ambyopic and the second, intact eye are used in discussion of the neurophysiological mechanisms of the unilateral visual deprivation and of informative importance of VEP. PMID- 6613336 TI - [Ontogenetic analysis of the EEG-activation reaction in children]. AB - Frequency characteristics of EEG-reaction have been analysed in children of 3-10 years in the process of realization of the orienting reflex to sound stimuli. An enhancement of theta- and alpha-oscillations has been found in such conditions which becomes less pronounced to 9-10 years. In the last age group, the reaction of blockade of the basic rhythm of the background EEG (alpha-oscillations of 10 Hz) is formed, combined with local enhancement of other rhythmic components of this frequency range. Functional significance of different forms of EEG activation reaction has been determined. The question is discussed of functional heterogeneity of rhythmic components of the alpha-range and their differential involvement in the reaction reflecting complex mechanisms of cortical activation. PMID- 6613337 TI - [Effect of seduksen (diazepam) on cortical P300 potentials evoked by neutral and emotional words]. AB - The influence of seduxen (diazepam) on cortical potentials P300 evoked by neutral and emotional words was studied in adult subjects having life conflicts. The therapeutic dose of seduxen (10 mg) had no significant effect on the amplitude of the late positive cortical response P300 to neutral words. Seduxen depresses the emotional activation of the cerebral cortex; that is manifested in selective elimination of those changes in latency and amplitude of P300 wave which are observed in response to emotionally significant words. Under the action of seduxen, the interhemispheric difference in the latency of cortical response disappears due to latency increase in the right hemisphere. PMID- 6613338 TI - [Recognition of intonation and facial expression of emotions by patients with organic lesions of the right and left hemispheres]. AB - The paper deals with comparative efficiency of emotional state recognition by intonational and mimic information in healthy and ill subjects with organic lesion of one hemisphere. In particular, it is shown, that the analysis of the verbalized mimic information is better in the healthy left hemisphere and of nonverbalized--in the right one; pathology of the right hemisphere significantly worsens the solving of tasks, connected with recognition of intonational information in comparison with a mimic one. PMID- 6613339 TI - [Analysis of interhemispheric asymmetries in the space-time organization of human cortical potentials]. AB - The study of spatial organization of human cortical potentials with multichannel recording (48 leads) has shown, that different functional conditions of brain (quiet alertness, excitation after caffeine administration, intellectual strain, negative emotional shifts, inhibition after administration of neuroleptics) are accompanied by synchronization changes in the left and right hemispheres specific of each brain condition. Similar shifts may be recorded both in states similar by their phenomenological characteristics (after administration of caffeine and during intellectual strain) and during the opposite levels of alertness (emotional strain and administration of neuroleptics). PMID- 6613340 TI - [Participation of the ventrolateral thalamic nucleus in organizing visually controlled movements in the cat]. AB - The role of the ventro-lateral thalamic nucleus (VLN) in organization of visual motor coordination in cats is being considered. It is shown, that VLN destruction leads to inability to form new visual-motor coordination and only temporarily worsens previously elaborated coordination. Ventral and dorsal parts of VLN participate in organization of various types of movement: destruction of the ventral part tells upon rapid ballistic movements, whereas destruction of the dorsal part leads to disturbances of slow tracing movements of animal's limb. PMID- 6613341 TI - [Effect of sectioning the brachia of the inferior colliculi on the formation of auditory conditioned reflexes to amplitude-modulated stimuli]. AB - Elaboration of differentiation of tonal and amplitude-modulated stimuli with a frequency modulation of 5 Hz conducted on laboratory rats in five months after section of brachii colliculi proved to be impossible. The rate of correct reactions did not differ from the probability of random choice during 500 presentations of conditioned stimuli but significantly differed from the values obtained during differentiation of these signals in rats after control operation. Electrophysiological control showed that while in the control group and in intact animals at the presentation of amplitude-modulated stimuli with modulation frequency of 1-20 Hz summary potentials were recorded in the auditory cortex synchronized with their modulation frequency,--in rats after section of brachii colliculi only on- and off-responses were observed. It may be suggested that sensory providing of conditioned activity during the action of amplitude modulated stimuli with low modulation frequency may be achieved only with the participation of specific pathways. PMID- 6613342 TI - [Effect of stimulation of GABA-ergic structures of the substantia nigra and caudate nucleus on food-getting behavior in the cat]. AB - A study was made of the functional significance of GABA-ergic structures of the substantia nigra (SN) and the caudate nucleus (CN) and their role in food procuring behaviour of cats. Analysis was made of behavioral and EEG-effects of local GABA and the GABA antagonist, picrotoxin, microinjections into the studied brain structures. Stimulation of the GABA-ergic structures of the SN produced a sedative effect and depression of the cat food-procuring behaviour. Effects of stimulation of the CN GABA-ergic structures were to a great degree reverse. The conclusion has been made that GABA-ergic structures of the SN and the CN play different roles in controlling the CN inhibitory influence upon food-procuring behaviour. PMID- 6613343 TI - [Effect of the informational specificity of a stimulus on human evoked potentials]. AB - A study was made of the influence of stimuli with different informational specificity (a checkerboard pattern, the image of a house, the word "house") on respective EPs recorded in the occipital zone (OZ) and symmetrical postero temporal areas (T5 and T6) of the cerebral cortex. Paired comparisons were carried out of distribution histograms of the maxima of negative and positive EP components. A statistical control of heterogeneity of such distributions by the Brand--Snedecker formula allowed to detect the histogram fragments, where the differences were most pronounced. All the fragments were included in the period from 0 to 250 ms. Estimation of discrimination indices testified to the influence of stimulus informational specificity on the respective EPs of the occipital and temporal areas of the left hemisphere. PMID- 6613345 TI - [Characteristics of the temporal resolution of signals in the visual analyzer in the rabbit]. AB - Biopotentials of the retina (ERG), optic tract, lateral geniculate body and visual cortex were recorded in response to repeated photostimulation within the range of 0.1 to 50 c/s and to paired flashes with an interval of 15 to 200 ms between them, to characterize summating and discriminating properties of the rabbit visual system in conditions of photopic and scotopic adaptation. A heterogeneity of studied structures was shown in their ability to temporal signals resolution, though quantitatively the differences were not great. It was found that in photopic conditions, with similar physiological intensity of the stimulus, temporal discrimination is much higher. The analysis of the experimental data showed that the ability to temporal resolution is due not so much to temporal summation processes, as to trace dynamics of excitability. PMID- 6613344 TI - [Electrophysiologic study of the reactions of the brain to regular and skipped acoustic stimuli in man]. AB - Human electrical cerebral reactions to acoustic stimuli and to their omission at fixed moments of a restricted rhythmic sequence repeatedly presented in conditions of distraction and attraction of attention to stimuli, were recorded on the vertex. By special methods of bioelectrical signals processing on a computer, the potentials are singled out in response to stimulus omission (SO) with each set ordinal number, which, as well as the potentials, evoked by the actual stimulus (AS), possessed a main negative-positive complex N1P2. In conditions of attention distraction, the negative component of this complex had a latency of 144 ms and the positive one--about 207 ms. In the situation of the attraction of attention to stimuli a decrease of N1 latency up to 125 ms, took place, as well as complication of SO configuration due to the appearance of a later positive oscillation with a latency of about 560 ms, and parametres stabilization of SO as a whole. The analogous dynamics of N1 latency was characteristic of AS in both situations. The mechanisms of SO formation are discussed in connection with trace processes in the central nervous system. PMID- 6613346 TI - [Effect of stimulation of "emotiogenic" brain structures on pyramidal tract responses]. AB - In experiments with stimulation of emotiogenic zones (lateral and medial hypothalamus, raphe nuclei), as a conditioning agent, a study was made of summary responses of the pyramidal tract to electrical stimulation of the sensorimotor cortex in immobilized and freely moving rats. The responses exhibited a positive early direct P-component (mean latency 0.8 +/- 0.3 ms) and a late synaptic N component (mean latency 1.8 +/- 0.5). Reduction of the N-component amplitude was observed during stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus, and its enhancement during stimulation of the medial hypothalamus. Stimulation of the raphe nuclei produced variable, statistically non-significant changes. The experiments have shown that the identified pyramidal neurones tend to reciprocal reactions during stimulation of positive and negative emotiogenic structures. Inhibitory and excitatory influences of the respectively positive and negative emotiogenic structures on pyramidal neurones are due to indirect modulating actions on presynaptic structures. PMID- 6613347 TI - [Convergent properties of 3 types of visual cortex neurons recorded with various action potential amplitudes]. AB - Responses of visual cortex neurones recorded with large (N1), mean (N2) and small (N3) amplitudes of action potentials to photic, acoustic and electro-cutaneous stimuli were studied. It was shown that N1 neurones as differing from N3 were predominantly polymodal, often reacted with inhibitory responses and their background activity was characterized by random distribution of interstimuli intervals. Inputs for heteromodal stimuli were found to differ in N1 and N3 neurones. The results suggest existence of functional heterogeneity of neurones, recorded with different action potential amplitudes. PMID- 6613348 TI - [Responses of neurons of the primary visual cortex to visual stimuli in the awake unrestrained rat]. AB - In an experiment on alert unrestrained rats trained for instrumental reaction of retaining immobility, a study was made of the structure of receptive fields (RF) and the properties of responses to controlled visual stimuli of cortical neurones in the field 17. Most of the neurones by their characteristics did not differ from those of immobilized rats. The RF structure and the neuronal responses did not depend on the animals' behaviour, the level of their attention, excitation or motivation. Part of the neurones which did not respond to a wide set of light dark stimuli presented on the screen, gave responses to natural objects or items of the surroundings. The results are discussed in connection with up to date concepts on information processing in the primary visual cortex of mammals. PMID- 6613349 TI - [Cytoarchitectonics of the cerebral cortex in mice selected for high and low brain weight]. AB - The cortex cytoarchitectonics was studied in mice, which had been genetically selected for high (H-line) and low (L-line) brain weight and manifested some differences in their behaviour. Microscopic brain sections were analysed to estimate the areas of the neocortex, archicortex and paleocortex and to investigate quantitatively the microstructure in different zones of the neocortex. In the H-line, absolute value of total cortical area is, on the average, by 18% higher than that in the L-line--mainly owing to the larger area of neocortex, while the mean values of neurone volume fraction and profile field reveal no significant difference between the H- and L-line. Hence, the total number of neurones in the neocortex of mice from H-line should be greater, as compared with the L-line. Besides, within the framework of the same cerebral organization in general, the obtained data are indicative of a somewhat higher spatial differentiation of the neocortex in mice from the H-line. PMID- 6613350 TI - [Effect of early immobilization of the extremities on the reactivity of sensomotor cortex neurons in the rabbit]. PMID- 6613351 TI - [Changes in evoked potentials of the cerebral cortex induced by serotonin in the rabbit]. PMID- 6613352 TI - [Study of the spatial phase relations of dominant EEG oscillations in the rabbit]. PMID- 6613353 TI - [Content of biogenic amines in four food groups of the Austrian marketplace]. AB - This article summarizes the results of an investigation into the content of seven biogenic amines in wine, cheese, fish and dry fermented sausages. 160 samples were investigated. Highest content of amines was recovered in fermented sausages, but some samples of cheese e.g. "Emmentaler type" also showed high content of histamine. Frozen, as well as pickled fish were low in biogenic amines, but high contents of amines were found in some smoked mackerel samples. Austrian red wine did not contain an appreciable content of amines. PMID- 6613354 TI - [Rapid and direct lead determination in honey]. AB - Use of honey as a biological indicator for heavy metal contamination entails the analysis of a greater number of samples. To date the complex sugar matrix required sample preparation using digestion methods, which were time consuming and involved a high risk of contamination or loss. It is now possible, using the method described here, to measure lead in honey without degradation with the help of microprocessor-programmed conditions of temperature and time in the ggraphite tube of the Atomic-Absorption-Spectrophotometer. Two samples were analysed. One had a low lead content (I), the other had a high lead content (II). The statistical variation for a series of determinations was 8.3% (I, N=10) and 5.6% (II, N=22). These results can be considered satisfactory. PMID- 6613355 TI - [Detection and determination of protein-bound formaldehyde. II. Improved recovery of formaldehyde by reduction with sodium cyanoborohydride (NaCNBH3)]. AB - When using NaCNBH3 as a reductant, it is possible to recover 70% of added formaldehyde in foods--in this skim milk powder. Formaldehyde is attached to the epsilon-Aminogroups of lysine and is detected after reduction in form of N epsilon-methyllysine in an automated amino acid analyzer system. After addition of N alpha-acetyllysine the reduction is carried out by incubating the skim milk powder at 70 degrees C for 1 h. The best combination of pH, concentration of reductant, time and temperature of incubation is described. PMID- 6613356 TI - Trihalogenated benzamides--a new class of artificial sweeteners. AB - 2,4,6-tribromo-3-carboxyalkyl-benzamides and -carboxyalkoxy-benzamides are intensely sweet. With a recognition threshold value of about 1 mumol/l the 3 carboxyethyl compound is one of the sweetest compounds known. The intensity of the sweet taste depends upon the nature of the carboxyalkyl/carboxylalkoxy group. In respect to the acute toxicity to mice the compounds are similar to the sodium salt of saccharin and sodium cyclamate. The compounds are easily obtainable in good yield. PMID- 6613357 TI - [High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of sugar alcohols with UV detection in the ppm-range in food. I]. AB - After derivatization (benzoylation) it is possible to determine xylitol, sorbitol and mannitol by normal phase as well as by reversed phase-HPLC using isocratically elution. The method shows high selectivity and high sensitivity [UV (230 nm)-detection limit: 0.1 ppm respectively 1 ng). The determination is optimized by the use of both systems. For clean up a maximum of eight minutes and an additional one hour rest period are necessary. PMID- 6613358 TI - Effect of thermal treatments on immunoreactivity and proteolytic activity of papain. AB - Thermal treatment of papain affects somewhat less its immunoreactivity than its proteolytic activity, especially when higher temperatures and longer heat exposures are applied. Immunochemical methods seem to be, in this respect, more advantageous for papain determination in thermally processed food samples (e.g. pasteurized beer) than assays of proteolytic activity. The proteolytic activity is substantially influenced by the type of substrate used. The following substrates affect the proteolytic activity of partly inactivated papain in an increasing order: low-molecular weight substrate BAPA (N alpha-benzoyl-D, L arginine-p-nitroanilide) less than HPA (hide powder azure) less than hemoglobin. A protective effect of albumin on papain thermoinactivation was found using both immunochemical and proteolytic activity assays. PMID- 6613359 TI - HPLC analysis of organic acids in lactic acid fermented vegetables. AB - An HPLC technique is described for the analysis of organic acids in lactic acid fermented vegetables. An Aminex HPX-87 column with 0.013 M-H2SO4 as mobile phase was used. Separation data are presented for oxalic, citric, tartaric, malic, succinic, lactic, formic, acetic, propionic, and butyric acids. Interference problems from sugars are also reported. PMID- 6613360 TI - [Hydroxycinnamic acid esters in brassicaceous vegetables and garden cress]. AB - The esters of caffeic, p-coumaric and ferulic acid with glucose or quinic acid and sinapoylglucose were determined in cauliflower, kale, Brussel sprouts, red, white, Savoy and Chinese cabbage and in garden cress by two different HPLC methods with gradient elution. In addition the occurrence of sinapin (sinapoylcholin) was checked. The pattern of hydroxycinamic acid esters in the Brassica species varied appreciably. In garden cress besides sinapin only sinapoylglucose was found. Sinapoylglucose is dominating in the group of glucose esters besides minor amounts of feruloylglucose. The 5-isomers of quinic acid esters, with neochlorogenic acid (5-caffeoylquinic acid) as the main compound, are dominating among the quinic acid esters. Considering the 3- and 4-isomers of quinic acid esters only 3- and 4-caffeoylquinic acids were determined in lower concentrations. Sinapoylquinic acid could never be recognized. Sinapin was determined in the Brassica species only in few cases in traces. PMID- 6613361 TI - Identification of betanin degradation products. AB - Betanin in solution, upon heating, was found to hydrolyze to betalamic acid and cyclodopa-5-O-glycoside. This reaction was monitored by an analytical high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The products were isolated by preparative reversed-phase HPLC or column chromatography using anion-exchange resins. Derivatives of betalamic acid (anilide, semicarbazone, condensation with L-proline) and cyclodopa-5-O-glycoside (hexacetate) were prepared as evidence to support the identification of these decomposition compounds. Formation of decarboxylated betanin was proposed based on the identification of CO2, chromatographic properties and the light absorption characteristics of the decarboxylated product. PMID- 6613362 TI - Antinutritional and toxic effects in rats of individual glucosinolates (+/- myrosinases) added to a standard diet. 1. Effects on protein utilization and organ weights. PMID- 6613363 TI - Energetics of growth in pigs from 20 to 120 kg live weight. PMID- 6613364 TI - [Critical views on narcissism theories]. AB - After having given an overview about the different definitions of the Self, I have defined it as the seat of narcissism which furnishes the instances of Ego, Id and Super-Ego as well as to the body this narcissistic investment or information which gives the individual the feeling that the different instances and his body are belonging to his own and giving him throughout his life a feeling of continuity. Otto F. Kernberg describes, contrary to Heinz Kohut, the primarily pathological nature of narcissism of individuals having an Ego prone to fragmentation and very rigid defense mechanisms, e.g. splitting, projective identification, blind rage, hostility etc. The pathological narcissism results out of an early pathological object-relationship and of an Ego prone to fragmentation with a consecutive disturbance of the development of the Self. From these borderline personalities with their pathology of narcissism I differentiate the narcissistic neuroses--called by Kohut narcissistic personality disorders or behavior disorders--in individuals with a strong Ego, which are due to a lack--or more rarely to a surplus--of warmth-, stimulation- and cognition-experiences in early childhood. They have a tendency of undergoing more than usual a fusion with a Self-object, mirror transferences and developing a grandiose Self in their fantasy as compensations or defense mechanisms. The schizoid personalities are intermediate forms, which show a rigid defense, however do not have like the borderline-personalities the tendency to occasional break-throughs of the primary process. Whereas in the treatment of narcissistically disturbed borderline conditions early interpretations of the rigid archaic defense mechanisms and furthering reality testing are necessary, in narcissistic neuroses primarily the building up of a consistent Self and then a working through of the named narcissistic compensations and defense mechanisms are necessary. PMID- 6613365 TI - [Psychosomatic differentiation in patients following myocardial infarct]. AB - An experimental study, based upon clinical impressions and theoretical considerations toward a differentiation of patients having suffered cardiac infarction, was employed to investigate the question of differentiation with regard to specific psychosomatic therapy. In conformity with other investigations it was observed that the patients with cardiac infarction could be classified into three groups. The theoretical considerations combined with the results from the experiments were the basis for the recommendation of specific therapeutic measures for each of the three groups: athletic group therapy for the more impulsive patients, single and group therapy for patients with regressive tendencies, combined group therapy in autogenetic training for sociable patients. PMID- 6613366 TI - [Psychosomatic studies of chronic prostatitis]. AB - The psychosomatic aspects of chronic prostatitis, especially the differentiation of the so-called vegetative urogenital syndrome from chronic state of infection isn't sufficiently clarified. That's why a study of 34 non-selected adult males with symptoms of chronic prostatitis has been undertaken to establish the incidence of infective urological and psychological factors. With urological, bacteriological and radiological examinations we found 44% of the patients with infective-prostatitis, 18% with subvesical disorders and 38% without any pathological findings. Comparing the group of patients with and without pathological urological findings in psychodynamic and testpsychological (Giessen Test) examinations we couldn't see any significant difference. On the other hand they showed a significant difference compared with a control group of patients suffering from neurotic and/or psychosomatic diseases. Nearly all of our 34 patients showed neurotic disorders irrespective of the urological findings. A special characteristic of their pathogene psychodynamic seems to be the problems in male identity according to internalized disturbed father image. We discussed these results according to psychodynamic and interactional factors of origin and maintenance on chronic prostatitis. PMID- 6613367 TI - [3-year catamneses of psychosomatically treated chronic headache syndromes]. AB - Follow-up examination was carried out on 25 patients having suffered from severest head-ache syndromes for an average of 21.8 years. Three years after a six-week in-patient psychosomatic treatment these patients showed stable rates of improvement with regard to frequency and intensity of persistent head-ache, frequency and intensity of paroxysmal head-ache, use of analgetics, and neurotic complaints like phobic anxiety, depressive symptoms, and inhibition of aggression. These findings established the effectiveness of the therapeutic concept which we had developed in this context. This concept does not concern attempts at intervening in the pathogenetic backgrounds of isolated attacks of pain. The approach starts out with the psychosomatic conditions for the disposition to suffer pain. PMID- 6613368 TI - [Personality of amateur boxers--results of a psychological test study]. AB - From March 1980 to October 1980 125 amateur-boxers have been investigated neurologically (anamnesis, neurologic status, EEG) and by a test-psychological examination (Benton-Test, Aufmerksamkeits-Belastungs-Test d2, Color Pyramid Test, Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Test, Freiburger Personality Inventory). In the group of these subjects a striking accumulation of personalities with depressive problems and aggressive inhibition which are not perceived by the subjects themselves was found. This observation is understood as pointing to the fact that for these individuals boxing is the (successful) attempt to master their latent conflicts. Only in a few cases we found personalities with manifest neurotic symptoms. Characteristically these individuals suffered from depressive and aggressive conflicts. PMID- 6613369 TI - [Report on the 1st conference of the German Psychoanalytic Society Working Group on Scientific Exchange on the 19th and 20th of March, 1982. Discussion topic: etiology research]. PMID- 6613370 TI - Neoplastic growth of nude mouse tissue adjacent to xenografted human colonic carcinomas. PMID- 6613371 TI - Standard values of blood constituents in free-ranging hamadryas baboons in the forests of Abkhazia. PMID- 6613372 TI - Extrauterine pregnancy in a rat. PMID- 6613373 TI - [Pulmonary fibrosis in an electric welder--clinical case and legal insurance assessment criteria]. PMID- 6613374 TI - [Viral hepatitis B as an occupational disease]. PMID- 6613375 TI - [Preventive measures in viral hepatitis]. PMID- 6613376 TI - [Axiomatic approach as a possibility for solving methodological problems of the ergonomic loading prognosis]. PMID- 6613377 TI - [Is the screening test for starting work at computer video displays adequate?]. PMID- 6613378 TI - [Heat-protective clothing - protective effect and stress]. PMID- 6613379 TI - [Limitations and possibilities of using standing supports]. PMID- 6613380 TI - [Uniform test for checking audiometers in preventive occupational otology under Paragraph 20]. PMID- 6613381 TI - [Treatment and treatment results of infections of the hand with gentamicin PMMA minichains]. AB - Soft tissue and bone infections often require lengthy treatment. In most cases this will result in a poor function. The treatment can be shortened by surgical revision and highly effective local antibiotic therapy with Gentamycin-PMMA minichains. PMID- 6613382 TI - [Acute local cold injury]. AB - Whereas reasonable rewarming is the successful treatment in the Alpine regions of Europe, rapid rewarming in a whirlpool at a water temperature of 35 degrees C is given preference in the Soviet Union and in the U.S.A. Subsequently, perfusion of the tissue must be maintained by sympathetic blockades, infusions of low molecular-weight dextrans and improving the microcirculation. Since no third degree or fourth-degree local cold injury will heal without sequelae, particular attention should be focused on preventive measures. PMID- 6613384 TI - [Diplospondylia--a rare abnormality of the spine, mistaken primarily as a fracture]. PMID- 6613383 TI - [Rare primary localizations of Echinococcus cysticus]. AB - Seven cases of unusual location of echinococcus cysts are described. Three of them were located in the muscles, three in the subcutaneous tissue and one in a retroperitoneal position. PMID- 6613385 TI - [Split skin transplantation with the Reese dermatome]. PMID- 6613386 TI - [Vascular surgical treatment of chronic leg ischemia in patients over 70--choice of procedure and results]. AB - Vascular reconstructions were performed in 322 patients over 70 years of age. The indications for operation of 372 lower extremities were: chronic occlusive disease with rest pain or gangrene in 94 percent and intermittent claudication in only 6 percent. The operative mortality rate was 10.1 percent (39 patients). In a percentage of 71 the early results were good. The late results in a period of 75 months are analyzed by the life-table method. PMID- 6613387 TI - [Treatment results following acute thrombophlebitis. A comparison between thrombectomy and fibrinolysis therapy]. AB - In a retrospective study 55 patients suffering from acute phlebothrombosis were subjected to an examination in order to evaluate the long term results of treatment. Good results of treatment could be achieved for the compensated stages 0-II of the postthrombotic syndrome in 22 patients after thromboectomy and in 33 patients after fibrinolysis (82 or 85% respectively). The portion of bad results of both methods, in the decompensated stages III-IV of the postthrombotic syndrome, was high (18 or 15% respectively). In both methods there was only 1 patient in stage IV of the postthrombotic syndrome, i.e. the total study comprised only 2 patients suffering from a postthrombotic crural ulcer. PMID- 6613388 TI - [Arteriosclerotic aneurysm as an unexpected intraoperative finding]. AB - Unexpected arteriosclerotic aneurysms were found in 11 patients during operation performed for other reasons. They were located in the abdominal part of the aorta (8 cases), in the popliteal artery (2 cases) and in the cranial mesenterial artery (1 case). Complications of these aneurysms such as rupture or peripheral embolization, led to surgical intervention in 5 patients. PMID- 6613390 TI - [Modified T-catheter and its use for transvenous hypothermic in situ perfusion in surgical restoration of kidneys with calculi or renal artery stenoses]. PMID- 6613389 TI - [Late reintervention with lung resection following earlier lung resection]. AB - 14 reoperations with lung resection for a recurrent tumour, metastasis or second malignant disease were performed in patients with lung resection for bronchial carcinoma (6 patients), solitary metastasis of hypernephroma (3 patients), and lung resection for tuberculosis (5 patients). The following patients were operated on the second time, viz. for cancer (2 patients), tuberculoma (1 patient), chondroma (1 patient), and haemangiopericytoma in the remaining lung after pneumonectomy (1 patient). There was a simultaneous cancer in 2 patients reoperated for malignant diseases. 2 patients died 12 or 21 months after resection, all the others are still alive 2 to 6 years after the second operation. PMID- 6613391 TI - [Post-traumatic osteomyelitis in childhood. I: Pathogenesis and clinical aspects]. AB - In part I the peculiarities of the juvenile bone is dealt with. Clinical course and radiologic findings of posttraumatic osteomyelitis in this age group are quite different from adult age.--In part II our experiences with 16 juveniles up to the age of 15 years, suffering from posttraumatic osteomyelitis, are discussed. Treatment includes opening of infected bone cavities, debridement, drainage, early removal of fixating devices, sequestrectomy, immobilisation. PMID- 6613392 TI - [Frequency of urinary tract abnormalities in cleft lip-maxilla-palate patients]. AB - Malformations of the urinary tract favour urinary tract infection; on the other hand, a urinary tract infection is often the first indication of a malformation of the urinary tract. Further signs are externally visible malformations, such as cheilognathopalatoschisis. In two years we examined 53 children with schistases urologically and found urinary tract anomalies in 39,6%. PMID- 6613393 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of dislocations with para-articular fractures of the acromioclavicular joint in childhood]. AB - In the last 16 years only 18 cases of this kind could be observed in the Paediatric-surgical clinic of Leipzig (GDR). Genuine dislocations without a concomitant fracture happened in 5 cases. They were treated conservatively in the same way as 8 juxtaarticular fractures. 5 considerable dislocated fractures were treated surgically with Kirschner-wiring following reposition. Late results were excellent. PMID- 6613394 TI - [Development and treatment of the short bowel syndrome in infants]. AB - On the basis of experience with 35 children suffering from short-gut-syndrome its pathogenesis and clinical symptoms were discussed. Not all of these cases can be treated surgically. This burdens the surgeon with high responsibility to calculate the extent of bowel resection. With a two stage operation--enterostomy followed by anastomosis the area of resorption and the ileocoecal valve can be preserved. PMID- 6613395 TI - [Rare occurrence of a congenital fibroblastic sarcoma]. PMID- 6613396 TI - [Reconstruction of the renal artery in renal artery stenosis with renovascular hypertension in childhood--late results]. PMID- 6613397 TI - [Subaxillary plexus anesthesia in childhood]. PMID- 6613398 TI - [New aspects of the Heidenreich and Beck perfusion method in urodynamics. I: Practical experience with a complex urodynamic work station]. AB - 122 patients with urinary incontinence of all degrees and 32 controls are investigated by means of a complex urodynamic unit constructed by the authors. Essential part is a robust selfmade three-canal-catheter of heatsealed angiographic material with an external diameter of 10 Charr., which undamagedly can be used at least forty times. The unit enables to do cystometries and simultaneous cystourethrotonometries with electromyography of pelvic floor and mictiometries. The investigations are possible at a normal expense in lying or sitting and all intermediate positions. Many urometric parameters had been determined with aid of perfusion uromanometry according to the principle of Heidenreich and Beck. New combinations had been elaborated. The functional length of urethra in stress profile, the maximal urethral closing pressure, the electronically registered urethral closure pressure, the depression factor and the stress quotient are of special importance. By means of these criteria the qualification of the apparently old fashioned perfsuion uromanometry for a modern urodynamic diagnosis could be demonstrated. The results are compared with those obtained with microtransducer technique. PMID- 6613399 TI - [Normal range values of uroflowmetry in comparison to findings in urinary incontinence]. AB - The range of normal values of uroflowmetry is ascertained in 100 continent women and compared with the data of 40 women suffering from urinary stress incontinence. The mean volume of miction is 252 +/- 80 ml. The mean waiting time has a duration of 5 +/- 24 s. The mean time till a maximal urinary flow lasts 9 +/- 8 s. The maximal flow is measured 22 +/- 9 ml/s within a flow time of 25 +/- 13 s. The mean value of average urinary flow is 12 +/- 6 ml/s. The slope angle till the maximal flow independent of volume of miction is 65 +/- 18 degrees. Waiting time, time till maximal urinary flow and flow time are longer in incontinent women significantly. The volume of miction is greater, the maximal and average urinary flow, the slope angle till the maximal flow are lower significantly.--Uroflowmetry is a noninvasive method free of complications and indicated in cases of urinary incontinence, too. Above it is possible to diagnose obstructions of the lower urinary tract and dyssynergismus of the detrusor. For complete urologic diagnostic a combination with other methods is necessary. PMID- 6613400 TI - [Retarded fetal growth. Attempt at an etiological-pathogenetic and clinical classification]. AB - The "small-for-dates" babies are not a single entity but a heterogenous group. The condition has been attributed to many possible causes and mechanisms that many induce "poor fetal growth" in utero. Poor intrauterine fetal growth (P.I.F.G.) has been recognized to occur in many circumstances, can begin at various stages of pregnancy and be caused by several different factors. It was assessed that a reduction in fetal growth support can produce irreversible quantitative and qualitative deficiencies in the organs of the fetus and these deficiencies can play a significant role in perinatal pathology. The recognition of these forms at the right time, the knowledge of the criteria for evaluating their severity and their evolution during intrauterine life would seem to be preferable. Therefore, it is essential to define the various forms of P.I.F.G. during pregnancy to give them names, to define the patterns of P.I.F.G., which are seen in various maternal and/or fetal diseases or conditions, so that they can easily be referred to and understood by everyone. That is the purpose of the proposed etiologic and clinical classification of P.I.F.G. PMID- 6613401 TI - [Incidence of perinatal mortality of intrauterine retardation]. AB - The authors analyze 5 years obstetric data of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Postgraduate Medical School, Budapest, Hungary. They carried out statistical analysis of certain parameters--examined in 9781 newborn, all of them were born following a well established period of gestation and the expected date of delivery was determined in all the cases. Frequency of intrauterine growth retardation in this group of patients has been found to be 5,41%. Mean perinatal mortality rate of dysmature babies was 58,60% and that of retarded newborns -- born at term -- was 27,58%. Perinatal mortality rate of small-for-date babies is 3,5 times higher than the so called "total perinatal mortality" of the Institute, whereas perinatal mortality of the immatures born at term is 3 times higher as compared to normal eutrophic newborns of the same age group. PMID- 6613402 TI - [Changes in the vaginal flora caused by supporting pessary treatment in pregnancy]. AB - 200 pregnant women with supporting pessary treatment because of cervical insufficiency were compared with one of normal pregnancies concerning microbiological findings and puerperal morbidity. -- 5,5% of the women in the supporting pessary group had pathogenic organisms in their cervix before first amnioscopy, compared to 2% in the control group. The different results of cultural microbiologic examinations in both groups depend on type and duration of birth as well as time of amnion rupture. Women with premature rupture of the membranes (31,0%) had more pathogenic organisms than women with rupture (2,5%) in time. There was no higher infection morbidity compared to the control group. PMID- 6613404 TI - [Double prolapse of arms and legs in occiput position as a rare indication for cesarean section]. PMID- 6613403 TI - [Neutralization of the anticoagulative effect of heparin using low density lipoproteins (LDL) from the blood plasma of women in labor]. PMID- 6613405 TI - [Sonographic diagnosis of a cystic fetal neck tumor]. PMID- 6613406 TI - [Antepartal diagnosis of an acardius in a triplet pregnancy using ultrasound]. AB - In fetal anomalies we can follow the course by repeated ultrasound examinations and so decide the therapy. For collection of experience all rare cases should be published. Beginning in 25th gestational week we observed a triplet pregnancy, in which one fetus was a severe malformed acardius. Fetus I has been separated with an own placenta and was developing well. Fetus II had to supply the acardius with circulating blood and therefore it retarded beginning in the 28th week. Fetus III was the malformed acardius. Beginning in the 28th week it began to grow rapidly. Caused by this fact and an increasing hydramnios pregnancy was terminated by spontaneous delivery in 31th week. The normal fetus I (1320 g) survived. The retarded fetus II (830 g) died postnataly. The diagnosis of an acardius monster (triplet III, 2090 g) was confirmed by autopsy. Good collaboration with the pathologist is of great value, because he can show the clinician the degree of precision of his antenatal diagnosis. PMID- 6613407 TI - Posttraumatic syndrome as a sequel to less severe cranio-cerebral injuries. AB - By means of clinical examinations, the acid/base balance, angiography, scintigraphy of the brain, EEG and other methods, the author examined 95 patients presenting the respective signs and deals with the etiology, the course and the treatment of a clinical syndrome that appears in the way of a cerebral contusion after minor craniocerebral traumas. Cortical congestion of the blood flow in the region of the brain exposed to the injury were found. Because of a vascular dilatation, the volume of the respective region increases resulting in sings of the intracranial pressure increase. A typical sign of this syndrome is the delayed reaction of the cerebral vessels to changes of the pCO2 which permits the use of the natural hyperventilation together with a withdrawal of cerebrospinal fluid for a considerable reduction of the symptoms. PMID- 6613408 TI - Hydrocephalus following aneurysmal SAH. AB - An aneurysm-induced hydrocephalus was observed in two series of patients who were treated antifibrinolytically in different ways: A = 3 g/day of AMCA + 3 - 400,000 KIU/day of aprotinins, B = 6 g/day of AMCA. Group A showed significantly less formation of hydrocephalus and ischaemic complications. In the survey, various factors (neurological condition, number of haemorrhages, localisation of the aneurysm) play a part in the formation of the hydrocephalus following subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). The same is true of the high correlation with preceding severe ischaemic complications after SAH (p less than 0.005). The administration of antihypertensives leads to a significantly higher rate of ischaemic complications but does not exert an influence on the formation of hydrocephalus. It is assumed that the close relationship is the essential cause of cerebral ischaemia and development of hydrocephalus after SAH, that is, erythrocyte decomposition products which explain the observed relations between the two. The results obtained do not support the thesis of periventricular ischaemia as the cause of the development of a clinically significant hydrocephalus after SAH. PMID- 6613409 TI - Penetration of the colon by a ventriculo-peritoneal drain resulting in an intra cerebral abscess. AB - A male child was born with internal hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis requiring a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt on the first postnatal day. Subsequently, the hydrocephalus did not subside but increased. Autopsy at the age of 15 months disclosed the peritoneal tip of the catheter located inside the transverse colon, the cerebral tip of the catheter within a huge abscess of the right cerebral hemisphere. Penetration of the intestine by a ventriculo-peritoneal catheter seems to be a rare event, occasionally resulting in early death due ascending infection. PMID- 6613411 TI - Study on the immune response and serological diagnosis of equine histoplasmosis (epizootic lymphangitis). PMID- 6613410 TI - [Speech disorders in tumors of the supplementary motor area]. AB - Ten patients with tumors of the supplementary motor area were observed. Speech blocking is the clinically most frequently occurring function disturbance. With respect to the mechanism representing the basis of speech, speech disturbances occurring in connection with lesions of the supplementary motor area can be divided into two groups: (1) Elementary disturbances, Speech block, reiterations, aphemia (mutism), reduction in speech drive. These phenomena are related to the motor process proper, the initiating of speech. They may occur in case of lesions of one of the two hemispheres. (2) Dysphasic understanding. These disturbances only occur in case of lesions of the speech-dominant hemisphere. The supplementary motor area plays a role especially in the motor control and sequential modulation of speaking and in a lesser degree in the storing and calling off of concepts. PMID- 6613412 TI - Studies on the degree of parasitaemia and the morphological forms of Babesia during crises in splenectomized dogs. PMID- 6613413 TI - [Epizootiologic studies of rhinitis atrophicans in pigs. III. Studies of the properties of Bordetella bronchiseptica exotoxin]. PMID- 6613414 TI - Receptors for immune complexes on bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes. 1. Fc receptors: enzymatic behaviour, dissociation and regeneration. PMID- 6613415 TI - [Method of testing chemical disinfectants for their effectiveness against Chlamydia]. PMID- 6613416 TI - [Clinico-epidemiological role of HBs-antigen carriers in a family]. PMID- 6613417 TI - [The effect of aerosolization on the changes in major biological properties of the vaccine strain of Francisella tularensis]. AB - The exposure of F. tularensis vaccine strain 15/10 in the form of aerosol for more than 10 minutes results in the decrease of its virulence, immunogenicity and the content of species-specific antigen and in the increase of the dissociation level. Proceeding from this fact, during aerosol immunization with this vaccine strain exposure must not exceed 5 minutes for unstabilized aerosol and 10 minutes for aerosol stabilized with 5% glycerin. Under these conditions the properties of F. tularensis strain 15/10 are retained practically on the initial level. PMID- 6613418 TI - [Measles eradication--an immediate goal]. PMID- 6613419 TI - [Bactericidal activity of normal sera from various animal species against pathogenic and saprophytic leptospires]. AB - The leptospirocidal activity of 5 animal species against L. interrogans, L. biflexa and L. kazachstanica I and II, belonging to different serogroups and serovars, was studied. Cattle and sheep sera had no lytic effect on 36.9-40.1% of pathogenic Leptospira strains, but other pathogenic strains, as well as saprophytes, were lyzed by these sera. L. pomona and L. grippotyphosa exhibited high resistance to cattle serum, the latter being also resistant to sheep serum. PMID- 6613420 TI - [Population ecology of leptospires. 1. An experience with evaluation of leptospira count in a carrier and the intensity of elimination in the urine]. AB - The number of L. hebdomadis and L. grippotyphosa in the body of tundra voles (Microtus oeconomicus) has been shown to be approximately 500-800 million; about 100 million of them are daily eliminated from the body of a vole with urine. About 70% of the total volume and separate portions of urine contain leptospires, a single portion of urine containing about 2 million microbial cells. These data have proved to be the same for both L. hebdomadis and L. grippotyphosa. PMID- 6613421 TI - [Immunosuppressive effect of the decimeter-band electromagnetic field]. AB - The action of ultrahigh frequency (UHF) waves on the projection zone of the adrenal glands has been found to suppress both primary and secondary immune response, which is probably due to an increase in the glucocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex. The synthesis of nonspecific immunoglobulins has proved to be more resistant to the suppressive action of UHF than the synthesis of specific immunoglobulins. PMID- 6613422 TI - [Determination of immunoglobulin E concentrations in the sera of patients with chronic brucellosis]. AB - The data on the level of IgE in the sera of 41 patients with chronic brucellosis are presented. The IgE content in the sera was determined by the radioimmunoassay. A 3- to 17-fold increase in the concentration of total IgE was revealed. The increased concentration of IgE correlated with the results of Burnet' allergic test and the indirect leukocytolysis test. PMID- 6613423 TI - [The adjuvant effect of synthetic glycopeptides on humoral immune response to thymus-dependent antigen]. AB - The comparative study of 5 analogs of muramyldipeptide (MDP) on primary and secondary immune response to bovine serum albumin has been studied. The adjuvant activity of the MDP analogs has been shown to be closely connected with their structure. Thus, the replacement of glutamine by aspartic acid leads to the loss of adjuvant properties, and the replacement of L-alanine by its stereoisomer causes a perceptible decrease in these properties. The most active analog of MDP is GlcNAc-MurNAc-Ala-D-Glu-NH2 which produces a stimulating effect when introduced parenterally (subcutaneously and intraperitoneally) in a dose of 1 microgram, and orally in a dose of 100 micrograms. PMID- 6613424 TI - [Differential diagnosis of postoperative complications of acute craniocerebral injuries (preliminary report)]. AB - The author made a mathematical analysis of the neurological signs and the results of additional examination of 49 patients with craniocerebral injury who developed complications in the postoperative period. The author revealed signs and their combinations which were characteristic of postoperative hematoma and edema of the brain and which could be used in the differential diagnosis of these conditions and be conducive to timely inspection of the operative wound. PMID- 6613425 TI - [Bioelectrical activity of the brain in patients with craniocerebral injuries and irritation of brain stem structures]. AB - Affection of the stem structures in craniocerebral injury causes their irritation at different levels and of different degree, which determines the severity of the patient's clinical condition with the corresponding EEG changes. Irritation of a high degree induces functional block of the stem structures which hinders the clinical and EEG manifestations of the local symptoms. The therapeutic measures should be aimed at removing the causes of brain stem affection and at reducing the degree of irritation of the median structures. The EEG facilitates the application of purposeful pathogenetic treatment of patients with cranial and cerebral trauma. PMID- 6613427 TI - [Errors and difficulties in the surgical treatment of injuries of the cervical portion of the spine and spinal cord]. AB - On the basis of clinical observations, the authors distinguish organizational, tactical, and technical errors. Problems of transportation and hospitalization of the injured persons in clinics not specializing in this branch of surgery underlie the organizational errors. The authors relate improper choice of the operative method (laminectomy, reduction of dislocations, or anterior decompression with corporodesis) to the tactical errors; they recommend a strictly differential approach to this problem and suggest definite indications for each of them. The technical errors include resection of the articular processes in reduction of dislocations and excessive skeletization which leads to destabilization of the spinal segments. PMID- 6613426 TI - [Immunologic study of cerebrospinal fluid in the diagnosis of posttraumatic meningitis]. AB - Immunological examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 280 patients in the acute period of craniocerebral trauma demonstrated an increase in the beta-lysin content and lysozyme concentration in it when meningitis developed. Increase in the CSF beta lytic and lysozyme activity reflects the severity of the inflammatory process. Tests for these factors in the CSF may be used in the early diagnosis of post-traumatic meningitis. PMID- 6613428 TI - [Surgical treatment of decompensated craniostenosis]. AB - The work is based on the analysis of 148 patients with decompensated craniostenosis who underwent operation at the neurosurgical clinic of Oran (the Algerian People's Democratic Republic). The specific features of the clinical manifestations of decompensated craniostenosis are discussed. Sixty-five patients were operated on by the method suggested by V. A. Kozyrev and A. A. Arendt, and 81 patients by a modification of the method (one-stage bilateral craniectomy). Catamnestic examination showed the suggested method to be highly effective in decompensated craniostenosis. No fatal outcomes were recorded. PMID- 6613429 TI - [Features of the clinical manifestation of contusion of the cerebral hemisphere in patients with hypertension]. AB - Analysis of 401 cases with contusion of the cerebral hemispheres showed that in patients with craniocerebral trauma and essential hypertension the incidence of traumatic intracranial hematoma was 1.3-1.4 times higher and the incidence of acute cerebral circulatory disorders (mainly cerebral infarctions) was 4-5 times higher. Isolated contusion of the cerebral hemispheres in patients with essential hypertension was characterized by less manifested symptoms of internal hypertension and the dislocation syndrome. The combination of craniocerebral injury and essential hypertension has a marked effect on the clinical manifestations of both the craniocerebral trauma and essential hypertension. PMID- 6613430 TI - [Differential diagnosis of pathological and anatomical variations of growth of the skull bones]. AB - In radiologically demonstrated diseases of the skull bones, differential diagnosis has to be made with such anatomical developmental variations as pacchionian depressions, venous lacunae, emissaria, and macrocellular structure of the parietal tuber. Anatomical developmental variations were mistaken for other pathological processes in 47 (33.1%) of 130 patients. The principal features distinguishing anatomical developmental variations from defects of other genesis are communication with the venous network, typical localization, a great number of foci of diminished density as a rule, homogeneity of structures, regular shape and clearly demonstrated boundaries of the defects, and total absence of any clinical manifestations. PMID- 6613431 TI - [Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on the clinical course and complications of the acute period of ischemic strokes]. AB - Hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) was included in the therapeutic complex for 124 patients in the acute stage of ischemic stroke. The effect of HBO on the clinical course was appraised by comparing the dynamics of changes in the clinical symptoms and the frequency of complications in patients exposed to HBO with those in the control group (patients not exposed to HBO). It was established that the depth of unconsciousness and the motor and aphasic disorders decreased during a HBO session, but the effect was usually short-lived. Aggravation of the patients' condition in the first week of the disease, evidently caused by increase of cerebral edema, occurred much less frequently when HBO was included in the complex of therapeutic measures. The number of patients with regression of the neurological symptoms was practically the same with and without the use of HBO, but the regression of the neurological defects was most evident in patients exposed to HBO. HBO prevents the development of recurrent cerebral circulatory disorders in the acute stage of ischemic stroke and reduces the incidence of some complications in this period (pneumonia, pulmonary edema, thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery, etc.). PMID- 6613432 TI - [Correction of cerebral hypoxia by intracarotid ATP infusions in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage]. PMID- 6613433 TI - [Microsurgical procedures on the cervical portion of the spinal cord, meninges and nerve roots in pain syndromes caused by brachial plexus injuries]. PMID- 6613434 TI - [Occipitospondylodesis in cancer metastases to the spine]. PMID- 6613435 TI - [Pinealoma of the double-cell type (germinoma or neuroectodermal tumor?)]. PMID- 6613436 TI - [Postoperative dissection of the walls of the cerebral arteries]. PMID- 6613438 TI - [Osteosynthesis in childhood]. PMID- 6613437 TI - [Instrument for open reduction of chronic dislocations of the spine]. PMID- 6613439 TI - [Selected topics]. PMID- 6613441 TI - [Reports of the 22d intersectional meeting of the Surgical Section of the Slovenian Physician's Association and the Surgical Section of the Croatian Physician's Society. Sisak, 30 October and 1-2 November 1982]. PMID- 6613440 TI - [Selected topics on the surgical specialties]. PMID- 6613442 TI - [Injuries to the blood vessels]. PMID- 6613443 TI - [Indications and contraindications for surgery for correcting the length of the legs]. PMID- 6613444 TI - [Long-term experience with treatment of congenital hip dislocation using vertical traction]. PMID- 6613445 TI - [Total prosthesis of the knee joint in hemophiliacs]. PMID- 6613446 TI - [Changes in the skeleton in mice due to castration]. PMID- 6613447 TI - [A device for measuring the microclimate inside a child's shoe]. PMID- 6613448 TI - [Comments on the stimulation of growth in the long bones]. PMID- 6613449 TI - [The significance of biomechanics in the system of natural sciences]. PMID- 6613450 TI - [Pitfalls in Chiari's operation]. PMID- 6613451 TI - [Early rehabilitation in total endoprostheses of the hip joint]. PMID- 6613452 TI - [Late results of Salter's osteotomy of the pelvis]. PMID- 6613453 TI - [Present aspects of hematogenic osteomyelitis in newborn infants and children up to 1 year of age]. PMID- 6613454 TI - [Bilateral partial necrosis of the femoral head in a female gymnast]. PMID- 6613455 TI - [Use of computer tomography in traumatology and orthopedics]. PMID- 6613457 TI - [Report on a study trip to the USSR]. PMID- 6613456 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of juvenile kyphosis]. PMID- 6613458 TI - Posttraumatic hypophosphataemia and urinary phosphate excretion with and without phosphate supplementation. An experimental study in pigs. AB - Hypophosphataemia commonly follows trauma of various types. Several aetiologic factors have been proposed and the clinical significance of posttraumatic hypophosphataemia has been discussed. For study of the mechanisms underlying hypophosphataemia associated with surgical trauma, an experimental model has been developed which permits induction of hypophosphataemia under standardized conditions in anaesthetized and traumatized pigs. In the present study this model was used to investigate the relationship between posttraumatic hypophosphataemia and urinary excretion of with or without phosphate supplementation. The results suggest that the adrenaline release associated with stress and trauma induced an immediate and rapid fall in the serum phosphate (S-P) level. The abrupt fall was followed after 24 hours by a slower decrease. This second phase of S-P decrease was not induced by catecholamine release or by glucose infusion and was not prevented by phosphate supplementation. It appeared to be related to an inadequate renal response to the hypophosphataemia, i.e. a relative phosphaturia. The cause of this phosphaturia is not fully understood, but both extracellular volume expansion and the humoral response to trauma are possible explanations. PMID- 6613459 TI - Renal oxygenation and lactate metabolism in hemorrhagic shock in dogs. AB - Renal tissue oxygen tension and lactate metabolism were studied in hemorrhagic shock in dogs. The renal tissue PO2 and oxygen consumption declined in proportion to blood loss and decreasing blood flow. The decrease of tissue PO2 was greater in the cortex than in the medulla. Renal lactate uptake remained constant at the control level until 30% blood loss through an increase of renal arteriovenous lactate difference in direct proportion to arterial lactate concentration. During hemorrhagic shock after 40% blood loss lactate uptake decreased sharply and ceased almost totally. Before shock renal lactate uptake correlated highly significantly with arterial pH whereas after shock the correlation between these parameters was less significant. After reinfusions of shed blood the renal tissue PO2 returned to the prehemorrhage level in both tissue layers despite the reduced renal blood flow. At this phase renal oxygen consumption and lactate uptake failed to reach the control levels. These findings indicate that in moderate hypotension renal lactate uptake is not restricted by the local oxygen supply. During established shock tissue hypoperfusion and hypoxia seem to be responsible for deterioration of renal lactate metabolism. PMID- 6613460 TI - The chronic compartment syndrome and response to diuretic treatment. AB - In five middle-aged men with calf pain during jogging or fast walking, chronic compartment syndrome of the calf or anterior tibial muscles was revealed by circulatory studies which included measurement of compartment tissue pressure. After two to three weeks of diuretic medication the men were re-examined. Initially elevated compartment tissue pressures at rest and after exercise were significantly decreased following diuretic treatment. The study indicates that calf pain similar to that of arterial insufficiency may be caused by compartment syndrome even in elderly persons and may be relieved with diuretic medication. PMID- 6613461 TI - Thromboembolic complications after major abdominal surgery: effect of thoracic epidural analgesia. AB - In a prospective study of 50 patients subjected to major abdominal surgery, the frequencies of postoperative deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism were analysed. The patients were randomized to one of two groups receiving either neurolept anaesthesia or neurolept anaesthesia combined with thoracic epidural analgesia. Five patients were excluded. No special anti-thrombotic prophylaxis was administered. Deep vein thrombosis was diagnosed with the 125I-fibrinogen test and pulmonary embolism with pre- and postoperative lung perfusion scintigraphy combined with lung X-ray. Patients with positive scintigraphy were subjected to pulmonary angiography for verification of the diagnosis. Deep vein thrombosis was treated when diagnosed. The frequency of deep vein thrombosis was equal in both groups (38%). No patient with pulmonary embolism was recorded during the first seven days after operation. It is concluded that the addition of thoracic epidural analgesia to neurolept anaesthesia does not alter the postoperative frequency of deep vein thrombosis in patients subjected to major abdominal surgery. Early diagnosis and treatment of postoperative deep vein thrombosis might prevent pulmonary embolism. Problems encountered in the diagnosis of postoperative pulmonary embolism are discussed. PMID- 6613462 TI - Pulmonary embolism and postoperative death. PMID- 6613463 TI - The effects of 5-HT blockade in graded intestinal vascular obstruction in the rat. AB - Intestinal vascular obstruction with an obstruction pressure of 120 cm of water for one hour induces a 75% mortality in rats. The mortality is associated with intestinal mucosal lesions, release of cardiotoxic material to the intestinal venous blood and trapping of platelets in the lungs. The present series of experiments was performed to study the role of released serotonin in the pathogenesis of the circulatory collapse that follows in this shock model. This was done by pretreating rats subjected to standardized intestinal vascular obstruction with Ketanserin, a selective 5-HT2 receptor blocking agent. It was found that Ketanserin reduced the increase in hematocrit otherwise induced but had no significant effect on mortality, trapping of platelets or the intestinal mucosal lesions. It is concluded that serotonin is probably not of significant importance in the pathogenesis of the circulatory collapse following intestinal vascular obstruction. PMID- 6613464 TI - Vascular complications in the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. AB - The Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a rare condition, which usually is easily recognized. In one type of this disease, type IV, arterial fragility dominates, and the syndrome may remain undiscovered until the patient has a traumatic or spontaneous arterial rupture. Two cases with a fatal outcome are presented in order to emphasize some important aspects in the management of these patients. PMID- 6613465 TI - Transcatheter occlusion of an intrarenal arteriovenous fistula. AB - A patient with a large intrarenal arteriovenous fistula in the left kidney is presented. Successful transcatheter occlusion of the fistula was performed and the patient followed angiographically. The diagnostic value of angiography and its therapeutic potential is discussed. PMID- 6613466 TI - Inguinal and femoral hernias. Long-term results in a community hospital. AB - During the period 1967-1976, 938 repairs of inguinal or femoral hernia were performed in adults or children. The patients were followed up for at least five years. Primary inguinal hernia was treated in 558 men. The right:left ratio was 59:41%. The recurrence rate was 8.4%, with slight left-sided predominance. The frequency of recurrence was higher for direct than for indirect hernia. The recurrence rate was dependent more on the surgeon than on the type of operation, though experienced surgeons and surgeons in training achieved similar figures. Femoral hernia showed increased frequency in men previously operated on for inguinal hernia. The series included 118 hernia repairs in children, using inguinal or suprapubic approach. The question of bilateral exploration is discussed. The recurrence rate in boys was 3.8% and postoperative testicular affection was found in 7.5%. PMID- 6613467 TI - The effect of cimetidine on liver blood flow in anesthetized man. AB - In eight patients subjected to abdominal surgery, the effect of intravenous cimetidine (Tagamet) on hepatic arterial blood flow and portal blood flow was studied, utilizing electromagnetic blood flowmetry. Following cimetidine an increase in hepatic arterial blood flow concomitant with a decrease in mean arterial pressure were detected. Calculated hepatic artery vascular resistance was therefore significantly decreased by 28% after 2 min and 17% after 10 min. There was no change in portal blood flow. It is suggested that this effect of cimetidine is due to increased plasma histamine levels after acute H2 receptor blockade. PMID- 6613468 TI - The incidence of bacteria in gallbladder bile at acute and elective cholecystectomy. AB - Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial cultivation was carried out on gallbladder bile collected from all patients operated on with cholecystectomy during a 10-month period. Acute cholecystectomy was performed on 34 patients because of acute cholecystitis. Elective cholecystectomy was performed on 177 patients because of non-acute gallbladder pathology. Bacteria were found in gallbladder bile in 16.4% of patients with non-acute cholecystopathy compared to 58.8% of patients with acute cholecystitis (p less than 0.001). An increased incidence of pathogenic bacteria was observed in the acute compared to the elective cholecystectomy material. The acute inflammatory process, its severity and the age of the patient seemed to be important factors which could be related to the increased occurrence of bacteria in the gallbladder bile. A higher incidence of postoperative morbidity and infectious complications was found in patients with pathogenic bacteria in gallbladder bile than in patients with no growth of bacteria or opportunistic bacteria in gallbladder bile. PMID- 6613469 TI - Altered intestinal permeability to low-molecular-weight polyethyleneglycols (PEG 400) in patients with Crohn's disease. AB - The passive intestinal permeability to different-sized low-molecular weight polyethyleneglycols (PEG 400) was studied in 24 patients with Crohn's disease, which were compared to 24 healthy persons. The recovery in 6-hour urine after oral intake was significantly lower (p less than 0.0005-0.005) in the subjects with Crohn's disease for molecules ranging between 282 and 546 in molecular weight. Mathematical modelling of the filtering properties demonstrated a lower filtering efficiency of the larger polyethyleneglycols in the patients than in the healthy individuals. The coefficient of variation for the different polymers was larger in the group of Crohn's disease patients, indicating greater heterogeneity in the intestinal filtering efficiency. In two patients the intestinal uptake of the probe molecules was increased 6 weeks after resectional surgery compared to the uptake before operation. PMID- 6613470 TI - Some prognostic factors in colorectal cancer with special reference to chemotherapy. AB - Accumulated data from 118 patients treated with chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancers were analyzed with respect to prognostic factors. Fifty per cent of the patients had measurable disease. Patients with greater than or equal to 50% regression of tumor had significantly longer survival than those not responding. A normal bone marrow function at start of treatment was the only factor of significance for tumor regression. When survival was considered the following single factors were significant: performance status, enzyme imbalances, bone marrow function. By Cox multivariate analysis the following order of significance for risk factors was found: performance status, enzyme imbalances, renal function, bone marrow function. Emphasis is put on the clinical importance of performance status. The necessity of prognostic stratification of patients who enter chemotherapy studies is stressed. PMID- 6613472 TI - Para-inguinal hernia. An atypical Spigelian variant. PMID- 6613471 TI - Mondor's disease: a review of five cases. AB - Mondor's disease is a superficial thrombophlebitis of the thoracic wall frequently affecting the female breast. In most cases the etiology is unknown, although operation, direct and indirect trauma, are known as causative factors. This material comprises five women, all with Mondor's disease of the breast. One patient did not return for follow-up, in one patient biopsy was performed after 2 weeks. In the remaining three patients the lesion had disappeared after 9 and 10 weeks. Mondor's disease has no relationship to cancer or systemic disease, and no treatment apart from observation is required. PMID- 6613473 TI - Increasing incidence of stab wounds. AB - During the four-year period 1978-1981 74 patients were hospitalized due to stab wounds obtained in criminal trauma. 84% of the patients were submitted to different kinds of surgery. The incidence of stab wounded patients increased each year during the period studied and was doubled the last year as compared to the first year. During the last two years of the study all patients admitted to the emergency unit with stab wounds were registered. Almost 50% of the patients had injuries of a magnitude which did not allow treatment on an out-patient basis. This study showed an increasing trend in the incidence of patients with stab wounds and a need of large resources in the care of these patients. PMID- 6613474 TI - Effects of lumbar epidural analgesia and general anaesthesia on flow velocity in the femoral vein and postoperative deep vein thrombosis. AB - The effect of lumbar epidural analgesia and of general anaesthesia on the peroperative velocity of flow in the femoral vein was measured with Doppler ultrasound technique in 38 patients undergoing retropubic prostatectomy. The patients were randomly allocated to the epidural or the general procedure. The 125I-fibrinogen test was used to detect deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Epidural analgesia was associated with a significant (ca. 120%) increase in the femoral venous flow velocity. The peak flow showed a moderate (47%) increase, whereas the minimum flow was greatly increased (188%). The increase was significant already 2 min after induction of the analgesia and the rate continued to rise for about 11 min. General anaesthesia significantly reduced the flow velocity in the femoral vein. Immediately after induction of the anaesthesia the velocity approached zero, but gradually rose, and after about 8 min was stabilized at level 40% below the preoperative velocity. The peak flow velocity in all patients of this group fell by 24 to 40%. Only 2 of 17 patients with epidural analgesia, but 11 of 21 with general anaesthesia had postoperative DVT. In the 11 patients with DVT the mean minimum velocity of flow was decreased (by 85%), but in the 10 without DVT it was increased (by 175%). The difference was not statistically significant. Increased velocity of flow in the femoral vein, especially of minimum flow, seems to counteract development of DVT. PMID- 6613475 TI - What causes the failures in surgically constructed arteriovenous fistulas? AB - A retrospective analysis was made of 191 uraemic patients whose first arteriovenous fistula was constructed in the period 1972-1978. Only direct-type lower forearm fistulas were considered. The aim was to identify and evaluate factors influencing fistula patency rate. Evaluation was done by simple and multiple regression analyses and by actuarial life table computation. Early failure of fistula occurred most frequently in patients with diabetes, peroperative blood pressure less than 110 mmHg, small-calibre veins and/or less than maximal uraemia. The early failure rate among patients with low peroperative blood pressure was 53%, and in the other patients 24%. Among patients with serum creatinine higher than 1 140 mumol/l the corresponding figure was 11%, while in those with lower values it was 35%. Long-term fistula patency was influenced by sex (with advantage to males), by diabetes or diabetic vasculopathy, and seemingly be a tendency to hypotension in some patients. Direct-type forearm fistula may well be utilized in patients with narrow veins. The operation should not be performed long before induction of haemodialysis. This is because some of the fistula's lifespan will be wasted if it is created too soon, and because the early failure rate is lower in patients with advanced uraemia. The analysis also reflects problems that can be anticipated, as diabetics constitute an increasing proportion of patients requiring vascular access. PMID- 6613476 TI - The diagnosis intermittent claudication. The value of walking test, ankle pressure index and calf plethysmography in relation to the clinical findings. AB - Three hundred and forty-nine patients with the diagnosis intermittent claudication (IC) based on Rose's questionnaire were all found to have clinical abnormality based on pulse palpation, and/or auscultation in lower abdomen and groin. The diagnosis was in the majority of cases (87-95%) confirmed by standardized walking test (WT), ankle pressure index (AI) and venous occlusion calf plethysmography (VOP). In clinical abnormality based on bruit only in groin, AI and VOP confirmed the diagnosis less frequently than in the other clinical abnormalities (p less than 0.01). PMID- 6613477 TI - Cholecystectomy with and without intraperitoneal drain. AB - 383 patients undergoing cholecystectomy for non-acute gallbladder pathology were randomized with regard to the use of an intraperitoneal drain. 187 patients were drained, 196 patients were not drained. The postoperative course of temperature and liver laboratory tests, the duration of hospital stay and the postoperative morbidity were studied. There were no obviously significant differences between drained and undrained patients. Thus drainage of the subhepatic space after cholecystectomy as performed in this study, could not be associated with any disadvantages for the patient. The advantage of the intraperitoneal drain, could, because of a failing randomization in 13% of the patients not be completely evaluated. The preventive effect of the drain with regard to the incidence of postoperative complications however appeared to be very limited. The use of a prophylactic intraperitoneal drain after cholecystectomy could therefore safely be limited to appropriate patients as judged by the operating surgeon. PMID- 6613478 TI - Postoperative pulmonary ventilation after cholecystectomy with and without peritoneal drain. AB - Postoperative lung function, chest X-ray and diaphragmatic movements were measured in 38 patients operated on with elective cholecystectomy with and without drain. 21 patients were drained and 17 were not drained. The results showed that there was a marked decrease of vital capacity (VC), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and diaphragmatic movements postoperatively in all patients. There was no statistically significant difference between patients with and without intraperitoneal drain. Postoperative chest X-ray changes were found in seven patients with drain and in two patients without drain. Patients with postoperative chest X-ray changes showed a much slower recovery of the measured variables. The difference in VC and PEF between patients with and without postoperative pulmonary complications was statistically significant from the third day postoperatively. It is postulated that pre- and postoperative monitoring of simple lung function tests can be helpful in early detection of postoperative pulmonary complications. PMID- 6613479 TI - Crohn's disease in a defined population course and results of surgical treatment. I. Small bowel disease. AB - In a total, unselected series of 207 patients with Crohn's disease diagnosed between 1958 and 1974, 87 of the 182 patients operated upon during the investigated period were, at a comprehensive reevaluation, found to have the disease predominantly or exclusively confined to the small bowel. In five of these cases wide-spread lesions were present. The frequency of preoperative sequelae or complications was low. Postoperative complications were comparatively few with only one death. The calculated recurrence rate at 15 years was 43%. In spite of the fact that some patients needed repeated resections, the outcome of surgery as assessed at the end of the observation time was good in most cases. PMID- 6613480 TI - Crohn's disease in a defined population course and results of surgical treatment. Part II. Large bowel disease. AB - In a total consecutive series of 182 patients operated upon for Crohn's disease, 95 (52%) had the lesions predominantly or exclusively confined to the colon. A "radical" operation was performed in 88 of these 95 patients. The general policy was to spare the rectum, if possible. It was found that when the rectum was primarily involved the lesions did not disappear after subtotal colectomy. Ileorectal anastomosis was only successful in 9 of 22 cases. In all these nine cases the rectum was uninvolved preoperatively. The overall mortality rate related to Crohn's disease was 6% and the overall recurrence rate 62%. All patients with an anastomosis between a disease-free small intestine and a diseased colon developed recurrence in the ileum. Therefore, a thorough preoperative examination of the whole colon is essential. PMID- 6613481 TI - The influence of heparin and curable resection on the survival of colorectal cancer. AB - During a five-year period 271 patients were operated on for cure of colorectal cancer. Heparin in low doses was given to 114 patients according to a thromboprophylactic routine. No thromboprophylactic agents were given to 157 patients. In all other respects treatment of the colorectal cancer was the same. Mean age and sex were the same for the two groups. The distribution according to Dukes' classification did not differ statistically. The 3-year survival and deaths due to cancer were registered for both groups. Crude survival rate and survival probability were calculated. No significant differences were found between patients receiving and not receiving heparin. PMID- 6613482 TI - Colorectal endometriosis. AB - Endometriosis is a common disease occurring in about 10% of all women. Involvement of the gastrointestinal tract is not infrequent and endometriosis should therefore be considered in the differential diagnosis of colon lesions in women of childbearing and middle age. Colorectal endometriosis may cause obstructing symptoms difficult to distinguish from malignant or inflammatory disease, as is demonstrated by 6 case reports. Colorectal endometriosis is mostly localized to the sigmoid or the anterior rectal wall with extramucosal radiologic appearance and is difficult to diagnose by sigmoidoscopy. Patients with an infiltration of the anterior rectal wall (shelf tumour) should undergo a complete evaluation including laparoscopy before surgery is considered. Bowel resection often offers the best chance of cure. PMID- 6613483 TI - Pyogenic liver abscess. A case report with a short review of current concepts of diagnosis and management. AB - A case of a large pyogenic liver abscess in a 16-year-old boy with appendicitis is presented. The clinical picture, bacteriology and treatment of the disease are discussed on the basis of 397 cases reported in the literature. It is concluded that ultrasound scanning of the liver is essential for early diagnosis and that the treatment of choice is percutaneous needle aspiration in combination with bactericidal antibiotics. PMID- 6613484 TI - A case of haemobilia following percutaneous liver biopsy treated by selective arterial embolization. AB - A case is reported of severe hemobilia following a percutaneous liver biopsy. Hepatic ultrasound and computed tomography showed evidence of blood in the bile ducts and gall bladder. A selective arteriography revealed extravasation of blood in the liver. The bleeding ceased following selective embolization of the damaged artery after embolization with spongostan through the catheter used for the arteriogram. Following the embolization no further signs of bleeding were noted and the patient recovered completely. PMID- 6613485 TI - Giant diverticulum of the sigmoid colon. AB - A case of a giant diverticulum of the sigmoid colon is presented. The etiology, differential diagnosis, clinical features and treatment are discussed. PMID- 6613486 TI - Acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome: a fatal but preventable disease. PMID- 6613487 TI - Wegener's granulomatosis: retrospective analysis of eleven patients. PMID- 6613488 TI - Evaluation of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity to antigens and a mitogen methodological aspects. PMID- 6613489 TI - Combined pleuropulmonary, pericardial and hepatic amebiasis. PMID- 6613490 TI - Pleural effusion and ascites in infectious mononucleosis. PMID- 6613491 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea during treatment of pituitary tumours with bromocriptine. AB - Bromocriptine is widely used in the treatment of hyperprolactinaemia. It has also been shown to be effective in reducing the size of large pituitary tumours, particularly those secreting prolactin. We describe CSF rhinorrhoea in two such patients during treatment with bromocriptine and believe that this complication developed as a result of contraction of the tumour exposing a defect in the sella floor. The possibility of this complication, especially in patients with downward extension of tumour, should be noted. PMID- 6613492 TI - No acute effect of pimozide on the plasma GH levels in acromegaly. AB - In 34 acromegalic patients either untreated or inadequately treated by surgery and/or radiotherapy the plasma GH levels and plasma Prl levels were determined during 8 h after the acute administration of the dopamine agonist bromocriptine and during 150 min after the administration of the dopamine antagonist pimozide. A 50% or more suppression of the basal GH levels was arbitrarily defined as a positive response. Seventeen patients displayed a positive response to bromocriptine, 17 patients displayed a negative response to bromocriptine. Plasma Prl levels were elevated in 6 of 17 bromocriptine responders and in 2 of 17 bromocriptine nonresponders. There was no difference in the plasma GH response to pimozide administration in the patients with a positive or a negative GH response to bromocriptine. With one exception there was in no patient a positive GH response to pimozide. In further experiments the plasma GH response to pimozide was measured during 11 h in 6 bromocriptine sensitive and 6 bromocriptine insensitive patients. Again no difference was found between bromocriptine responders and non-responders. There was also no difference in the Prl response to bromocriptine or pimozide between GH responders and GH non-responders. The Prl response to pimozide was blunted in comparison to a control group. The present study does not not lend support to the idea that there is a fundamental difference in the degree of hypothalamic dopaminergic control of GH or Prl secretion between bromocriptine sensitive and bromocriptine insensitive patients with acromegaly. PMID- 6613493 TI - A homologous radioimmunoassay for canine prolactin: plasma levels during the reproductive cycle. AB - A method is described for the purification of canine prolactin, involving preparative isoelectrofocusing. Canine prolactin has a molecular weight of 23 000 daltons, an isoelectric point of 5.7 and exhibits a high degree of homogeneity in polyacrylamide gels stained by means of a silver method. A specific, homologous radioimmunoassay is described using the Bolton-Hunter method for preparation of the labelled ligand, with a sensitivity of 0.1 ng/tube. Basal plasma prolactin levels of 2-4 ng/ml obtained through the oestrous cycle remained fairly constant but a rise of 9 ng/ml was found at the end of dioestrus in non-pregnant bitches. Level also rose 30 days after mating to reach a peak of about 50 ng/ml near parturition and during early lactation. PMID- 6613495 TI - The effect of propylthiouracil and methimazole on the peripheral conversion of thyroxine to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine in athyreotic thyroxine-maintained rats. AB - The effect of prolonged oral administration of PTU and MMI on the local conversion of T4 to T3 was studied in T4-maintained athyreotic rats. For this purpose the rats were equilibrated with [125I]T4 and [131I]T3 by means of continuous iv infusions. PTU treatment reduced the MCR of both T4 and T3, as well as the T3 levels in plasma, muscle, liver, kidney and cerebellum. In the cerebral cortex the total intracellular T3 concentration was not affected, while in the pituitary it even increased. The amount of T3 derived from local conversion of T4 to T3 (LcT3(T4)) was reduced in the liver. PTU treatment did not influence Lc T3(T4) in the cerebellum, but did cause an increase in the amount of T3 derived from this source in the cerebral cortex and the pituitary gland (both the homogenate and the nuclear fraction). The results indicate that in contrast to that in liver, local T3 production in the brain and pituitary must occur predominantly via a pathway which is not inhibited by PTU. In MMI-treated rats the total T3 concentration in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum was not altered, whereas both the MCR of T3 and the T3 levels in plasma and various other tissues were elevated. The relative contribution of Lc T3(T4) increased in liver and was reduced in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and pituitary gland. In all experiments in liver the contribution of Lc T3(T4) to nuclear T3 was negligible, whereas this was not the case for the other hepatic subcellular fractions. As in liver, virtually all renal nuclear T3 was derived from plasma. The present findings suggest that the production of T3 in liver and kidney, and its subsequent release into the blood, may provide a mechanism for the regulation of plasma T3 levels but is not a direct source of their nuclear T3. In the pituitary gland and the brain local T4 to T3 conversion functions as a source of T3 for the control of local utilization. In this respect the maintainance of constant T3 levels in the brain might be important. These differences among tissues suggest that different mechanisms are involved in T4 5'-deiodination. PMID- 6613494 TI - Computerized cranial tomography in the evaluation of pituitary tumours in rats. AB - The use of the rat as an animal model in studies of pituitary tumours has been hampered by the great individual variation and the necessity of killing the animal to assess the development and progression of tumour growth. A study was designed to determine whether computed tomography (CT) could be used to monitor the growth of pituitary tumours in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were injected with oestradiol valerate 2 mg/3 weeks sc, an amount known to lead to development of pituitary tumours (from 45 to 378 mg pituitary weight). Control rats were treated with vehicle alone. Anaesthetized rats injected with contrast were studied by computerized axial tomography and the single CT scans (coronal cuts) were correlated with direct anatomical measurements obtained after pituitary dissection. All pituitaries weighing more than 54 mg were detected by the CT scanner. A good correlation between measurements made after anatomical dissection was found in the two main axes of the coronal cuts. In conclusion, CT scanning can be used for assessment of pituitary tumour size in the rat. This technique should be especially helpful in studies where individual evaluation and/or repeated measurements over time are necessary. PMID- 6613497 TI - Kinetics of hepatic thyroxine 5'-deiodinase. AB - The enzymatic kinetic constants of 5'-deiodination of thyroxine in the rat liver were determined by studying the enzymatic activity at several sets of concentrations of thyroxine and dithiothreitol. Parallel increases in apparent Vmax and Km for thyroxine were observed by increasing the concentration of dithiothreitol. Double-reciprocal replots of these apparent values vs the dithiothreitol concentration gave straight lines. These results provide further evidence for a ping-pong mechanism of the enzymatic process. The 'true' Km values for thyroxine and dithiothreitol were computed to be 16 +/- 5 microM and 1.2 +/- 0.4 mM, respectively. The Vmax was 126 +/- 23 pmol/mg protein/min. PMID- 6613496 TI - Effects of iodotyrosine deiodinase inhibition on serum concentrations and turnover of diiodotyrosine (DIT) and thyroxine (T4) in the rat. AB - Serum concentrations and metabolic clearance rates (MCR) of diiodotyrosine (DIT) and thyroxine (T4) have been measured by radioimmunoassay and tracer kinetic technique in both normal rats and rats treated with 3-nitro-L-tyrosine (MNT), a potent inhibitor of iodotyrosine deiodinase. In normal rats, DIT serum levels were 0.27 +/- 0.12 nmol/l (mean +/- SD); MCR was 15.9 ml/h . 100 g body weight (bw), and the turnover rate was 4.3 pmol/h . 100 g bw. Inhibition of iodotyrosine deiodination by treatment with 50 mumol MNT per day for 1 week caused a highly significant elevation of DIT serum levels to 4.80 +/- 3.30 nmol/l, a decrease of MCR to 9.0 ml/h . 100 g bw and a ten-fold increase of the DIT turnover rate to 43.2 pmol/h . 100 g bw. Serum concentrations of T4 and T3 decreased slightly, whereas the T4 turnover rate (37.5 vs 37.8 pmol/h . 100 g bw) and rT3 serum levels remained unchanged under MNT treatment. The study demonstrates the presence of measurable DIT serum concentrations in the normal rat. Inhibition of intra- and extrathyroidal iodotyrosine deiodinase leads to a situation in which circulating iodotyrosines play an equally important role in peripheral iodine turnover as the iodothyronines. Since DIT serum levels in normal and enzyme blocked rats were comparable to those in normal human subjects and patients with iodotyrosine deiodinase defect respectively, MNT-treated rats afford a suitable experimental model for this disease. PMID- 6613498 TI - Heterogeneity of immunoreactive calcitonin in human milk. AB - Immunoreactive calcitonin (ICT) has been detected in human milk by radioimmunoassay (RIA), using antibodies raised against synthetic human calcitonin (hCT). The level of ICT was 10-40 times higher than the reference level of human serum. Gel chromatography of human milk disclosed a molecular weight heterogeneity of ICT, with at least two forms larger than the monomer (Mr greater than 70000 and 30000 approximately). The 30000 peak constituted the major fraction of ICT. No detectable amount of ICT was coeluted with [125I]CT. Reduction with disulphide cleaving agents, denaturation or acidification did not alter the gel chromatographic properties of ICT, while tryptic digestion caused partial degradation of ICT and formation of new ICT molecules with an approximate molecular weight of 6000. PMID- 6613499 TI - [Polycythemia vera: clinical and histopathological studies on its prognosis and the progressive course toward leukemia]. PMID- 6613500 TI - [Growth inhibition activity of human lymphoblastoid interferon]. PMID- 6613501 TI - [Lymphocytic lysosomes in persons occupationally exposed to benzene and its homologues]. PMID- 6613502 TI - Management of acute upper airway obstruction in the pediatric patient. AB - Acute upper airway obstruction (UAO) is common in preschoolers in urban settings. This paper summarizes the role of each health care professional involved in the management of UAO, and dwells particularly on the anesthetist's contribution to the team. PMID- 6613503 TI - The P450 enzyme system: a key to understanding the metabolism of drugs. AB - A variety of mechanisms is available to counter any invasion of the body by drugs or other foreign substances. These include delivery to body tissues such as adipose tissue which defers the degradation process; biotransformation mediated by enzymes located primarily, but not exclusively, in liver microsomes; and excretion via the kidneys, lungs, biliary tract, secretory glands and organs. It is important to realize that biotransformation is not necessarily detoxification or degradation. Several other pathways are possible, such as transforming an inert parent compound into a pharmacologically active metabolite; and converting an active compound into another substance of similar or greater activity. PMID- 6613504 TI - Local anesthetic toxicity: review and case studies. AB - One of the very real complications possible in the use of local anesthetic agents is a relative overdose of the drug, resulting in an inordinate and potentially dangerous serum level. Even when using strict and careful technique, problems can occur. The reactions cited in the aforementioned cases were most likely the result of the accidental intravenous injection of a local anesthetic agent. Two cases were treated with anticonvulsants; one was not. In retrospect, it is possible that the seizure activity seen in Case 2 may have been prevented by an intravenous injection of benzodiazepine. A variety of currently available local anesthetic compounds has been deemed safe for common usage in the field of anesthesia. The majority of problems associated with their use stem from faulty technique, ignorance, mismanagement, or simple oversight, and are not necessarily due to any intrinsic property of the drug. Nevertheless, local anesthetics are potentially toxic and their use should be approached with knowledge of and a healthy respect for their associated complications. It should also be remembered that virtually all local anesthetic toxic reactions are preventable and treatable. Their occurrence need not necessarily result in a poor outcome. PMID- 6613505 TI - Anesthesia for arthroscopy. AB - The author presents a study in which anesthesia records of 30 patients were examined to evaluate changes in vital signs during arthroscopy of the knee performed with the use of tourniquet ischemia. Comparisons of halothane, enflurane and isoflurane anesthesia are made, and the use of narcotics is presented. PMID- 6613507 TI - A comparison study of stress factors as they affect CRNAs. PMID- 6613506 TI - Life threatening ventricular dysrhythmias: intervention with bretylium tosylate. AB - The impact of psychogenic and physical stressors has been shown to have a negative effect on cardiovascular homeostasis (Figure 2). As CRNAs, we have a responsibility to maintain the patient's equilibrium under the stress-provoking conditions of surgery. Experience in coronary care units over the last 16 years has shown that the majority of patients who develop primary ventricular fibrillation during AMI can be rapidly resuscitated by prompt defibrillation. Only in a small number of patients does ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation become recurrent or resistant to treatment. It is in this small number that bretylium has proven itself to be a life-saving treatment. PMID- 6613508 TI - The right of the patient to refuse treatment. PMID- 6613509 TI - Results of the 1982 AANA Education Committee survey of nurse anesthesia programs. AB - The 1982 AANA Education Committee recently completed a survey of nurse anesthesia programs. The survey was designed to yield data to be used to determine trends and make decisions. Results of the survey are presented here. Of the 144 programs to which questionnaires were mailed, 115 programs, or 80%, responded. More recent data obtained from the AANA Executive Office is incorporated in the results in some instances. PMID- 6613510 TI - Continuous intravenous administration of drugs. AB - Continuous intravenous administration of drugs may be a problem in clinical practice; for several reasons patients do not always receive the dose of drug intended for them. Problems of parenteral fluid composition are related to the solvent, dilution and drug interactions. Physical factors influencing drug stability are light and adsorption onto perfusion sets. Examples are reported for each problem. A practical solution, based on personal experimentation, is proposed for diazepam and nitroglycerin administration. PMID- 6613511 TI - Electrocorticographic changes in cats after intoxication with anticholinergic drugs. AB - Atropine sulphate or atropine-methyl-bromide were administered to cats intravenously in a dose of 0.0115 mmol/kg (i.e 4 mg/kg). Electrocorticogram changes were studied. Atropine sulphate caused the classical shift of the electrocorticogram from high-frequency-low-voltage pattern to a low-frequency high-voltage pattern. We observed no changes of the electrocorticogram after the administration of atropine-methyl-bromide. PMID- 6613512 TI - The Central Anesthesiology Course in Noordwijkerhout. A joint project of the Boerhaave Committee in Leiden, the Netherlands Association for Anesthesiology, and teachers of anesthesiology in The Netherlands and Flanders (Belgium). AB - The evolution of a training and postgraduate course in Anesthesiology to serve two Dutch-speaking regions of Europe is described. Since the program was started in 1978, 520 persons have participated and accounted for 1,267 registrations. PMID- 6613513 TI - Tyrosine serum levels during anesthesia with high doses of fentanyl. AB - Serum tyrosine levels were determined in two groups of women. First group included 30 healthy volunteers and the second group was formed by 83 patients submitted to gynecological surgery under anesthesia with fentanyl (0.05 mg/kg). The results showed that preoperative tyrosine levels were higher than control values and decreased under fentanyl anesthesia. Surgical stimulation did not modify tyrosine levels. When surgery was ended serum tyrosine levels reached control values. Under fentanyl-anesthesia a direct relationship between serum tyrosine levels, cardiovascular parameters and catecholamine changes as reported by other authors is suggested. We think tyrosine serum determination could be an indirect, easy and unexpensive measure of hormonal stress response. PMID- 6613514 TI - Radicular lesions in tuberculous meningitis. A clinicopathological study. AB - In the present work, the involvement of cranial and spinal nerve roots in tuberculous meningitis was studied. Cranial nerves of 11 cases and the spinal roots of three patients were examined by means of serial sections of the base of the brain, brainstem and spinal cord. Although entrapment of the nerves by the tenacious inflammatory exudate was prominent, vasculitis lesions of the cranial nerves and spinal roots were also frequently observed. The latter could be an additional cause of nerve palsies in tuberculous meningitis. PMID- 6613515 TI - [Ipsi- and contralateral ascending cochlear pathways. The II-III interval of the early auditory evoked potential]. AB - Waves II to V of the early acoustic evoked potential present significant differences in ipsi- and contralateral derivations. The difference is more distinct for the IIN-III interval during which an ipsi-/contralateral phase-lag is apparent. Assuming, along with most authors, that the II-III interval represents mainly the cochlear nucleus--trapezoid body--superior olivary nucleus path, the ipsi-contra asymmetry suggests either morphological and/or functional asymmetry of the paths corresponding to the interval. It seemed to us to be a criterion of normal retro-cochlear. PMID- 6613516 TI - [Apropos of the 18th case of bismuth encephalopathy recognized in Belgium]. AB - The authors present a typical case of bismuth encephalopathy detected in 1982. The patient was given oral insoluble bismuth salts for 20 years. Blood bismuth level was regularly measured (twice a year). No pathologic level was ever noted before she developed the intoxication. Up to now, only few reports are known in Belgium. Measures to prevent this encephalopathy are discussed. PMID- 6613517 TI - Amyotrophy in Shy-Drager syndrome. AB - Five cases of Shy-Drager Syndrome (SDS) are reported. All patients showed marked muscular wasting often with fasciculation and without sensory loss. Clinical, electromyographic and in one case, pathological findings in the spinal cord indicated a lesion at the level of the anterior born cell. An extensive review of the literature disclosed a significant number of cases of SDS displaying amyotrophy referable to a spinal lesions. PMID- 6613518 TI - Asterixis associated with carbamazepine. AB - Some antiepileptic drugs, when administered at toxic plasma levels or more rarely at levels within the therapeutic range, induce asterixis. We report the case of a patient with painful syndrome of central origin being treated with carbamazepine, in which asterixis appeared with toxic serum levels. A pharmacologic interference was also observed between carbamazepine and beta-methyldigoxin, which in our patient was being used to treat disease. The blood digoxin levels were inversely proportional to those of carbamazepine. The therapeutic effectiveness of digoxin being sharply reduced when carbamazepine reached toxic levels. PMID- 6613519 TI - Cerebellar, cortical and functional impairment in toluene abusers. AB - 24 solvent abusers (mean age 23 +/- 4.4 years +/- SD) were studied in hospital. They reported using substances containing a mean of 425 +/- 366 mg of toluene per day for 6.3 +/- 3.9 years. There was no laboratory evidence of under-nutrition. No withdrawal symptoms were observed. Marked impairment was observed in neurological and neuropsychological test performances in 65% of the sample. Cerebellar symptoms were particularly prominent. The impairment was significantly correlated with CT scan measurements of the cerebellum, ventricles and cortical sulci, all of which abnormal in comparison to age-matched controls. CSF abnormalities were elevated C1-, low PO2 and very low anion gap. The duration of abuse was only weakly correlated with neurological scores. After 2 weeks of abstinence, several liver function tests which were abnormal on admission had recovered, but only minimal changes in the CNS symptoms were observed. PMID- 6613520 TI - Cerebral abscess. A long-term follow-up. AB - During the period 1935-1976, 200 cases of brain abscess were treated in the University Clinic of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen. 119 patients survived. Out of 40 deaths during the follow-up period, 37 were unrelated to the previous brain abscess. 12 patients emigrated and were lost to follow-up. History and neurologic examination of the remaining 67 surviving patients with follow-up periods of between 3 and 40 years (mean 18 years) showed no sequelae in 23, unrestricted working capacity in 46, epilepsy in 37, neurologic deficit in 18, and intellectual impairment in 13 patients. The most serious sequelae, incapacitating epilepsy and severe mental reduction, were seen in patients with brain abscess during childhood. PMID- 6613521 TI - Diffuse cerebral symptoms in convalescents from cerebral infarction and myocardial infarction. AB - In order to evaluate occurrence and cause of a number of diffuse cerebral symptoms (DCS), such as impaired memory, inability to concentrate, emotional instability, irritability, etc., 44 survivors of cerebral infarction (CI) and 40 survivors of myocardial infarction (MI) were seen 6-26 months after onset for psychometric testing and an interview about DCS. Although surprisingly common in both groups, DCS were significantly more frequent in CI patients than in MI patients. 1/2 of the former and 1/3 of the latter complained of 5 or more symptoms. In contrast, a significant difference in test performance was demonstrated in only 1 of 4 tests. There was no significant correlation between the number of DCS and test performance. In both groups, DCS occurrence was independent of age, whereas in the MI group, but not in the CI group, test performance was inversely related to age. In the CI group, DCS occurrence was not significantly related to size or site of the infarction. The results indicate that an organic brain damage cannot be the sole cause of DCS, and it is suggested that some of the symptoms are manifestations of a stress response syndrome provoked by insufficient coping with the consequences of the disease. PMID- 6613522 TI - 3 years of continuous oral zinc therapy in 4 patients with Wilson's disease. AB - A competitive relationship exists between copper and zinc: among other effects, excessive dietary zinc is known to decrease the absorption of copper from the gastro-intestinal tract. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of oral zinc therapy in 4 patients with Wilson's disease, who, during a 3-year period, took zinc as their only medication to influence their copper metabolism. Physical examinations, oral 64Cu loading tests, plasma concentrations of copper, zinc and ceruloplasmin, and the urinary copper excretion were used to monitor the effect of therapy. The dosages used ranged from 3 x 100 to 3 x 400 mg zinc sulphate per day. The clinical and biochemical results of the oral zinc therapy were good in all 4 patients and no toxic side effects were seen. Our conclusion from this study is that oral zinc may well be a low toxic alternative to D-penicillamine in the treatment of Wilson's disease. PMID- 6613523 TI - Does carbamazepine cause disturbances in calcium metabolism in epileptic patients? AB - Calcium metabolism was examined in 30 adult epileptic outpatients on carbamazepine monotherapy. The patients had a normal bone mass, evaluated both on the forearm (100 +/- 13 of normal) and on the total skeleton (102 +/- 15), and normal serum concentrations of 25OHD. The serum calcium was decreased (P less than 0.001) and the serum alkaline phosphatase increased (P less than 0.001). The clinical significance of our study is that monotherapy with carbamazepine does not have the side effects on bone metabolism known as "anticonvulsant osteomalacia". Our results further question the connection between liver enzyme induction and anticonvulsant osteomalacia, since carbamazepine possesses the same potency of liver enzyme induction as phenytoin. Further studies on epileptic outpatients will be necessary in order to elucidate the connection between treatment with anticonvulsant drugs and anticonvulsant osteomalacia. PMID- 6613524 TI - Serum potassium exercise test in the diagnosis of familial periodic paralysis. AB - We studied the serum potassium rise during a 30-min 100 W exercise test in 5 controls, 3 familial periodic paralysis (FPP) patients and their 2 symptom-less brothers. The controls showed a steep and high exercise response (the 10-min rise was 0.59 +/- 0.13 mmol/l and the maximal rise was 0.71 +/- 0.11 mmol/l). The FPP patients showed a slow and flat exercise response (the 10-min rise was 0.08 +/- 0.11 mmol/l and the maximal rise was 0.17 +/- 0.12 mmol/l, P less than 0.001 for both values). The 2 symptom-less brothers showed a similar divergence. The values of 0.05 mmol/l (10-min) and 0.25 mmol/l (maximal) of one brother suggest the diagnosis of FPP, whereas the values of 0.55 (10-min) and 0.65 mmol/l (maximal) of the other brother suggest the exclusion of the disease. We regard the serum potassium exercise test to be worthy of further study as a diagnostic test of FPP. PMID- 6613525 TI - Gamma-vinyl-GABA: a single-blind trial in patients with epilepsy. AB - The anti-epileptic effect of gamma-vinyl-GABA (GVG) was studied using a placebo controlled, single-blind design in 15 patients with therapy-resistant epilepsy, the majority experiencing complex partial seizures. GVG was added to concomitant treatment, which was kept at constant serum levels. Following administration of 1 g, 2 g and 3 g per day, significant reductions in seizure frequency were observed. A poor correlation was found between GVG serum levels and clinical effect. Only mild and transient side-effects were observed. PMID- 6613527 TI - Chorea-acanthocytosis. Neurological disease with acanthocytosis. AB - A case of chorea-acanthocytosis (CA) syndrome is described. CA is a rare, inherited syndrome characterized by normolipoproteinemic acanthocytosis and progressive neurological disturbances (orofacial dyskinesia, limb chorea, lip and tongue biting, distal muscle wasting, muscle hypotonia, absent or diminished tendon reflexes) with adult onset. Thus far, 10 independent reports of CA have been published. The present case is the first patient reported in Europe outside Great Britain. Due to obvious clinical similarities between CA and Huntington's chorea, particular attention is drawn to the differential diagnosis between these 2 syndromes. Investigation of the red blood cell morphology should necessarily be performed in the examination of choreic patients, particularly when the disorder is familial. PMID- 6613526 TI - Cardiac conduction disturbances during carbamazepine therapy. AB - 3 cases of carbamazepine (CBZ)-induced Stokes-Adams attacks caused by intermittent total atrioventricular block, sino-atrial block with junctional escapade-rhytm and intermittent asystolia are reported. After cessation of CBZ treatment, the cardiac conduction disturbances disappeared. In 2 of the patients, the diagnosis was confirmed by resumption of treatment with CBZ after insertion of a demand pacemaker. If syncopes or changes in seizure-type occur in patients treated with CBZ, evaluation of cardiac conduction is recommended. Furthermore, it is recommended that cardiac function is evaluated before CBZ-treatment, especially in elderly patients. PMID- 6613528 TI - Death in childhood due to facio-scapulo-humeral dystrophy. AB - Two siblings with facio-scapulo-humeral dystrophy (FSH) had muscle biopsy with light microscopy and histochemistry performed. Rapid disease progression resulted in the death of one child at age 5 years. Such an outcome has not been previously reported. PMID- 6613530 TI - The effects of 5-minute ischemia in Mongolian gerbils: I. Blood-brain barrier, cerebral blood flow, and local cerebral glucose utilization changes. AB - Changes in morphology, behavior of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), and local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) were assessed and correlated in Mongolian gerbils following 5 min cerebral ischemia, produced by bilateral clamping of the common carotid arteries. The morphological changes were confined to the hippocampus and revealed a conspicuously delayed destruction of the CA1 neurons, occurring after 3 days. Following release of carotid occlusions, there were two separate openings of the BBB. One, occurring shortly after recirculation, was associated with focal hyperemia in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and basal ganglia; the second opening was observed after several days and was associated with severe neuronal destruction in the CA1 sector. Correlation of quantitative and qualitative rCBF assays with 14C deoxyglucose autoradiographic observations indicated an uncoupling between blood flow and glucose metabolism, observed in the hippocampus at 10 min after recirculation. The described changes provide a further insight into the post ischemic events which determine the outcome of ischemic injury. PMID- 6613529 TI - Pathophysiology of muscle fiber necrosis induced by bupivacaine hydrochloride (Marcaine). AB - A single direct injection of a local anesthetic, 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride (BPVC) (Marcaine), into rat soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles produced massive fiber necrosis with extensive phagocytosis followed by rapid regeneration, predominantly in the soleus. Since the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was functionally disturbed by BPVC administration as confirmed by an in vitro study, the sarcolemmal lysis seen in the early phase of degeneration was not assumed to simply result from direct damage to the plasma membrane caused by BPVC. The extracellular fluid containing a high concentration of calcium (Ca) ions then permeated into the sarcoplasm through the defective membrane resulting in hyper-contracted myofibrils. Selective damage to the Z-line, an early sign of muscle degeneration, was shown by electron microscopy and SDS gel electrophoresis (preferential loss of alpha-actinin). Administration of leupeptin, a thiol protease inhibitor, proved to be ineffective in inhibiting the necrotic process, because the BPVC induced muscle fiber breakdown was probably too acute and fulminant to demonstrate the inhibitory effect upon the degenerative process. Well preserved satellite cells, peripheral nerves, and acetylcholinesterase activity, and the absence of fibrous tissue proliferation in this system may be responsible for the extremely rapid regeneration with complete muscle fiber type differentiation. Since the sequence of fiber breakdown induced by BPVC administration was similar to that of progressive muscular dystrophy, this chemical will be one of the most useful tools for studying the pathophysiology of fiber necrosis and regeneration in diseased muscle. PMID- 6613531 TI - The effects of 5-minute ischemia in Mongolian gerbils: II. Changes of spontaneous neuronal activity in cerebral cortex and CA1 sector of hippocampus. AB - Spontaneous neuronal activity was recorded in the cerebral cortex and the CA1 sector of the hippocampus in gerbils during and after 5-min ischemia, produced by bilateral clamping of the common carotid arteries. It was found that spontaneous activity in both cortical and CA1 neurons ceased within 60s after the onset of ischemia and that it began to reappear 10-20 min after the recirculation. During the next 24 h most CA1 neurons which were recorded showed hyperactivity. This was evident primarily by an increase in spike discharges, whereas recordings from the cerebral cortex were within the preocclusion ranges. On the 2nd day after ischemia, functioning CA1 neurons could not be found, as if they were in a state of functional death, although histological sections showed a general preservation of their cellular structure at that time. PMID- 6613532 TI - The effect of dexamethasone on serum protein extravasation and edema development in experimental brain tumors of cat. AB - Experimental brain tumors were produced in 20 cats by stereotaxic xenotransplantation of a blastomatous glial cell clone into the internal capsule of the left hemisphere. Ten of these animals were treated after 2 weeks with a single injection of 10 mg dexamethasone in crystalline suspension. Three weeks after xenotransplantation vascular permeability was studied by electron microscopy with horseradish peroxidase as the barrier tracer (four animals), and extravasation of serum proteins was visualized by immunohistochemistry, using an image processing system (16 animals). In animals used for immunohistochemistry, the water content of peritumoral brain tissue was also determined. In both treated and untreated animals, spherical tumors with a diameter of about 10 mm were present at the implantation site. Extravasation of horseradish peroxidase was detected only in the tumor, but there was accumulation of serum proteins both in the tumor and the peritumoral white matter. Edema, in consequence, originated mainly in the tumor from where it spread into the surrounding brain tissue. Corticosteroid therapy reduced the water content of peritumoral brain tissue but did not affect increased barrier permeability of tumor vessels, and only slightly improved peritumoral accumulation of serum proteins. It is concluded that amelioration of tumor edema by corticosteroids cannot result solely from tightening of the blood-brain barrier to circulating macromolecules but must be due to an active restoration of cerebral water homeostasis despite persisting serum protein extravasation. PMID- 6613533 TI - Brain lactic acidosis and ischemic cell damage: quantitative ultrastructural changes in capillaries of rat cerebral cortex. AB - Excessive tissue lactic acidosis has earlier been shown to aggravate structural damage of both neurons and glial cells in the rat cerebral cortex. To study the reactions of cortical capillaries, light- and electronmicroscopic morphometry was used. Rats were subjected to severe incomplete ischemia (cerebral blood flow below 5% of normal) for 30 min by clamping their carotid arteries and by lowering the blood pressure. Lactate production during ischemia was modified by preischemic administration of either saline (low lactic acidosis group) or glucose (high lactic acidosis group). In the animals with low lactic acidosis, only minimal vascular changes were seen after both 5 min and 90 min recirculation. In the high lactic acidosis group, the endothelial cells were swollen after 5 min of recirculation, and the changes grew markedly worse during 90 min of recirculation. Nuclear chromatin coarsened and mitochondria swelled up. Morphometry showed that the lumen narrowed as a result of endothelial swelling. In spite of variable degree of perivascular astrocytic edema, the outer capillary diameter was little changed in the experimental groups. It seems likely that endothelial swelling hampers postischemic circulation in incomplete ischemia accompanied by high lactic acidosis. PMID- 6613535 TI - Fiber types in the striated urethral and anal sphincters. AB - Seven normal human striated urethral and anal sphincters obtained by autopsy were examined using histochemical techniques. In both the urethral sphincter and the subcutaneous (s.c.) and superficial part of the anal sphincter a characteristic pattern with two populations of muscle fibers, abundant connective tissue, and numerous intramuscular nerves are seen. No spindles are observed. The muscle fibers, particularly the predominant type 1 fibers are very small (about 15 micron in diameter). The fiber characteristics of the sphincters indicate that these muscles have a capacity to produce sustained contractions and to react in stress conditions with fast increase in tension. PMID- 6613534 TI - The central-peripheral transition zone of cervical spinal nerve roots in Jimpy mutant and normal mice. Light- and electron-microscopic study. AB - Comparative morphological and ultrastructural investigations on the cervical dorsal and ventral central-peripheral transition zones (CPTZs) of Jimpys and control mice have been performed at early and advanced myelination stages. After postnatal development a characteristic cone-shaped glial outgrowth extends into the proximal part of the dorsal roots, while the ventral roots exhibit short Schwann cell and peripheral nervous tissue invaginations into the spinal cord at the ventral root-spinal cord junction in both animal groups. In Jimpys, although there is marked central myelin deficiency and absence of oligodendroglial development on the CNS side, the normal general aspect of the CPTZs is maintained. Previously postulated astrocytic and neuroaxonal abnormalities in the mutants do not alter the central-peripheral borderline, and Schwann cell migration from the spinal nerve roots into the cord does not occur. PMID- 6613536 TI - Primary necrosis of corpus callosum with dystrophic astrogliosis and Rosenthal like fiber formation. The first Chinese case of Marchiafava-Bignami's disease (MBD). AB - The first Chinese case of MBD is reported as an incidental finding in a non alcoholic who died from syphilitic heart disease complicated by subacute endocarditis. The extensive necrotic and demyelinating lesion of the body of corpus callosum presents no sandwich appearance. The core of the corpus callosum shows dystrophic astrogliosis with Rosenthal-like fibers and Alzheimer astrocytes, while only reactive astrogliosis is observed in its subpia and subependyma. The development of dystrophic astrogliosis in which gemistocytosis is believed to be the central theme, with the presence of Rosenthal-like fibers and Alzheimer astrocytes in this case denotes possibly a severe metabolic derangement of the affected astroglia. The presence of the subpial and subependymal reactive astrogliosis of the body of corpus callosum to the dystrophic astrogliosis of its core suggests that the same injury may lead to different responses in different subtypes of astrocytes of the same anatomic locus. PMID- 6613537 TI - Node-like axonal specializations along demyelinated central nerve fibres: ultrastructural observations. AB - Ultrastructural examination of long-term (1 month to 1 year) demyelinated axons of the central nervous system (CNS) has revealed the presence of certain features typical of nerve fibres at the node of Ranvier. Focal regions of dense undercoating of the axolemma were observed and these always extended along regions which were intimately associated with the processes of glial cells. In many cases the glial cells were astrocytes, but in some cases the cells resembled Schwann cells. The astrocytic and Schwann cell processes were sometimes finger like and they thus resembled the normal projections of these cells onto the nodal axolemma of central and peripheral nerve fibres, respectively. Since the undercoated regions which were associated with astrocytic processes were also often remote from any oligodendrocyte or Schwann cell processes, it seems that certain node-like specializations may form or be sustained in the absence of myelin-forming cells. PMID- 6613538 TI - Brain metastases in malignant fibrous mesothelioma. Case report and review of the literature. AB - A malignant fibrous mesothelioma is reported in a man of 70, arising from the left pleura with widespread metastases in the regional lymph nodes, diaphragm, chest wall, adrenal glands, and brain. Asbestos bodies were not found. Histologically, the primary tumor consisted of interlacing bundles of spindle shaped malignant cells with a considerable number of mitoses. In the brain two large metastases occurred. Macroscopically, the occipital metastasis looked like an intracranial hemorrhage. Microscopically, the metastases mimicked the pattern of a glioblastoma multiforme. The present case is discussed against the background of the pertinent literature. PMID- 6613539 TI - Acute fulminant toxoplasma meningoencephalitis in a homosexual man. AB - A homosexual man with a history of sexually transmitted infections including recent giardiasis and high cytomegalovirus (CMV) titer was admitted with generalized weakness, headache, and depression. He rapidly became comatose and developed signs of increased intracranial pressure. CT scan revealed a right cerebral lesion. Pathologic examination disclosed an acute necrotizing granulomatous toxoplasmosis involving the cerebrum. This case represents an example of an opportunistic infection in a male homosexual associated with fulminant clinical course, probably on the basis of immune deficiency. PMID- 6613540 TI - Embryogenesis of the inner ear. II. The late differentiation of the mammalian crista ampullaris in vivo and in vitro. AB - The embryonic development of the crista ampullaris of the CBA/CBA mouse was followed both in organ culture of explanted inner ears of the 16th gestational day and in vivo from the 16th gestational day until the 21st day, an age corresponding to birth. Cytodifferentiation of the sensory epithelium of the crista ampullaris occurs during this period. At partus, there is a rather mature crista with well developed hair cells and 1-2 layers of supporting cells. Innervation and differentiation into type I and type II hair cells have started prior to partus but occur mainly post partum. The in vitro development followed that of the in vivo but with a slight delay, especially concerning the later stages of the in vitro development. At the time corresponding to partus, differentiation of hair cells is almost identical in the two groups but innervation is delayed in the in vitro group of inner ears. Because of the very high reproducibility/stability in vitro and morphologic maturation of both hair cells and gross structure of the crista ampullaris, organ culture of the 16th gestational day inner ear explant is a suitable model in the study of the late embryonic development under normal and pathological conditions. PMID- 6613541 TI - Assessment of long-term middle ear ventilation. PMID- 6613542 TI - Results of stapes operations with preservation of the stapedius muscle tendon. AB - The material consisted of 195 operated otosclerotic ears. In 101 ears the stapedial tendon was left intact and in 94 ears it was divided. The follow-up period was approximately 8.0 years. The stapedius reflex was tested in 85 ears with intact tendon and in 25 with divided tendon. It was elicited in 50 of the former but in none of the latter. Both bone and air conduction thresholds were postoperatively poorer in ears with preserved tendon than in the ears with divided tendon. Revision surgery was performed in 19 ears, 13 of which had an intact stapedial tendon. The reason for reoperating was usually the fixation of the stapedial crus at the oval window margin. The crus may have shifted because of the pull exerted by the stapedial muscle. In spite of the better circulation to the stapes and the long process of the incus, and of possible protection against loud noises, we cannot, in the light of our experiences, recommend preservation of the stapedius muscle tendon. PMID- 6613543 TI - Cryosurgery on postganglionic fibers (posterior nasal branches) of the pterygopalatine ganglion for vasomotor rhinitis. AB - Clinical experience with a newly designed device for cryosurgery on autonomic nerves in cases of vasomotor rhinitis is reported. The device consists of a handy spray of liquid nitrogen and a slender probe 2.5 mm in diameter. The posterior nasal branches of the pterygopalatine ganglion were destructed by freezing for 5 8 sec with a jet of supercooled nitrogen gas delivered onto the pterygopalatine foramen under anesthesia with 4% lidocaine. Satisfactory results were obtained by this procedure in 77 of 102 cases of vasomotor rhinitis which had failed to respond to antihistaminics. This original technique of cryosurgery which is not time-consuming and can be performed on an ambulatory basis will prove useful in clinical practice. PMID- 6613544 TI - The effects of camphor, eucalyptus and menthol vapour on nasal resistance to airflow and nasal sensation. AB - The effects of five minutes exposure to camphor, eucalyptus or menthol vapour on nasal resistance to airflow and nasal sensation of airflow were compared with the effects of exercise on the nose. Inhalation of camphor, eucalyptus or menthol had no effect on nasal resistance to airflow but the majority of subjects reported a cold sensation in the nose with the sensation of improved airflow. Exercise caused a decrease in nasal resistance but did not induce any nasal sensation of cold or improved airflow. The results indicate that camphor, eucalyptus and menthol stimulate cold receptors in the nose. The clinical significance of nasal sensation of airflow is discussed. PMID- 6613545 TI - Endoscopy of the maxillary sinus. A new, simple technique. AB - A new, simple and inexpensive technique of endoscopy of the maxillary sinus is presented. With this technique the expensive modern optical systems for maxillary antrum endoscopy are replaced by a common otoscope and a trocar specially designed to fit into the lumen of the otoscope. They are introduced into the maxillary sinus through the canine fossa. After the removal of the trocar the otoscope remains in the sinus and endoscopy of all the maxillary sinus can be performed very easily and quickly. PMID- 6613546 TI - Nasal mucociliary clearance under various conditions. AB - We applied the tagged-particle method or the saccharin method or both to the nasal mucociliary clearance. There was no effect of ageing on the transport time of saccharin in control subjects of ages under 60, and 70% of control subjects of ages more than 60 had the same transport time as that obtained in younger control subjects. The significant inverse correlation between the mucociliary transport rates with the particle method and the transport time with the saccharin method were established in control subjects, but not, however, in patients with chronic sinusitis. The mucociliary transport rates were measured under non-physiologic conditions of the nose: laryngectomy, chronic sinusitis, Sjogren's syndrome, and Kartagener's syndrome. PMID- 6613547 TI - Blood flow with 133Xe in human nasal mucosa in relation to age, sex and body position. AB - The blood flow in human nasal mucosa was determined using the 133Xe wash-out method in 80 subjects of both sexes. The blood flow was estimated to (mean +/- SD) 33 +/- 10 ml . min-1 . (100 g)-1. A correlation was found between decreasing blood flow and increasing age. There was no difference between the sexes. The blood flow was significantly decreased in the sitting position compared to the supine position. In repeated determinations, the first recording did not disturb the second one 15 to 60 min later. The coefficient of variation was estimated to 22%. The investigation gives reference values for further studies of the blood flow in the human nasal mucosa. PMID- 6613549 TI - Melanin pigmentation of the larynx. AB - Five cases of melanosis of the larynx, verified by biopsy, are reported. All occurred in male patients. Melanocytes and melanin-laden epithelial cells were microscopically seen in the laryngeal mucosa. In one case squamous carcinoma coexisted. Current theories on melanin pigmentation at atypical sites are reviewed. PMID- 6613548 TI - Spontaneous DNA synthesis in tonsillar lymphocytes and its clinical implications. AB - Spontaneous DNA synthesis (SDS) in tonsillar lymphocytes was investigated in 58 cases by [3H]-thymidine incorporation under a certain culture condition without any mitogens. Tonsillar lymphocytes showed an extremely higher uptake of [3H]thymidine than peripheral blood lymphocytes. Cells exhibiting SDS were mainly B cells, but, however, they needed the helper functions of T cells and glass adherent cells to synthesize DNA. SDS in tonsillar lymphocytes decreased with age and was lowest in the 21-30 year age group. SDS in cases with complications such as chronic sinusitis, nasal allergy or secretory otitis media was significantly higher than that in cases with no complications. PMID- 6613550 TI - Effects of perilymphatically perfused gentamicin on microphonic potential, lipid labeling and morphology of cochlear tissues. AB - The perilymphatic space of the guinea pig was perfused in situ with artificial perilymph containing [32P] orthophosphate and 3H-glycerol while cochlear microphonic potentials (CM) were monitored. The perfusion of 10 mM gentamicin suppressed CM by 62% within 30 min. 32P-incorporation into phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate in the organ of Corti was decreased but distribution of 3H-glycerol in neutral lipids and phospholipids was not affected by gentamicin. The morphological evaluation included all structures lining the scala media, the spiral ligament, the basal membrane and the vestibular organs. Hair cells sometimes contained small intracellular 'precipitation' lines but, in general, ultrastructure of all tissues was essentially normal and no overt histopathological changes were evident. The observed biochemical changes should, therefore, represent early and primary actions of the drug. This confirms the hypothesis that an interaction with the acidic phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate, is an important step in the ototoxic mechanism of amino-glycoside antibiotics. PMID- 6613551 TI - Inner ear pathology in the deafness mutant mouse. AB - A distinctive cochlear pathology was found in deafness mutant mice. There was a delay in the formation of the fluid-filled Nuel and tunnel spaces in the organ of Corti, the hair cells were distorted and degenerate, and there was poor maintenance of synapses. No hair cells appeared normal by TEM, but SEM revealed some areas where stereocilia appeared relatively normal, suggesting that SEM of the surface of the organ of Corti is not necessarily a good indicator of hair cell pathology in hereditary hearing impairment. Mutant mice show normal development of endocochlear potential, but have no measurable cochlear microphonics or compound action potential. The data suggest that the deafness gene affects the organ of Corti and that cochlear hair cells in deafness mice are never functional. PMID- 6613552 TI - Influence of argon laser stapedotomy on cochlear potentials. III. Extracochlear recorded DC potential. AB - During laser stapedotomy there is an extracochlear recordable DC deflection, which may hamper the recording of the Cochlear Microphonics (CM), or the Compound Action Potential (CAP). The investigation of the nature of this DC potential, its distribution as well as its recovery is the subject of the present paper. In contrast to the laser induced temperature alteration, this DC deflection spreads across the surface of the cochlea. Since the DC deflection only occurs during laser impact and not when perforating the cochlea with steel instruments, the most probable explanation is a heat destruction of the molecular structure of the bone. PMID- 6613553 TI - Radioautographic study of the symphathetic fibers in the cochlea. AB - The noradrenergic fibers of the cochlea have been investigated by radioautography after an in vitro labeling by 3H-Noradrenalin (3H-NA). Unmyelinated, perivascular and non-perivascular fibers took up and retained 3H-NA. Non-perivascular fibers formed small bundles together with unmyelinated efferents in the intraganglionic spiral bundle and the osseous spiral lamina. No labeled fibers were detectable beyond the habenula inside the organ of Corti. The labeled fibers, which are probably noradrenergic, were characterized by numerous varicosities and discontinuous Schwann sheathes. These morphological characteristics could associate them with a general role in cochlear function. Sometimes, labeled fibers were also found very close to Ranvier's node of certain myelinated fibers, which could suggest a specific effect on these fibers. PMID- 6613554 TI - Aspects on the ototoxic potential of netilmicin. AB - The organ culture system using the 16th gestational day inner ear explant from fetal mice was used for ototoxicity screening of netilmicin. Organ cultures were incubated in 1, 10, 100 and 1000 micrograms/ml, respectively, of netilmicin base in the nutrient solution. After constant exposure to the drug during 5 days, the inner ears (N = 56) were analyzed morphologically at the light and electron microscopic levels. All specimens were serially sectioned. Exposure to 1 and 10 micrograms/ml of netilmicin base, doses that are reached during in vivo conditions in man, did not cause morphological damage to hair cells as observed in the light microscope at the end of the 5-day period. At the ultrastructural level, minor changes characteristic for aminoglycosides occurred in hair cell mitochondria. Incubation with 100 and 1000 micrograms/ml of netilmicin base caused morphological changes in many types of epithelia and not only in vestibular hair cells. This indicates a general sign of toxicity of netilmicin in these doses. The dose response relationship with regard to inner ear pathology was obvious in the vestibular part of the labyrinth. In the cochlea, however, few cytological changes occurred independent of dose. As compared with gentamicin, exposure in the same concentrations as in the present study and under similar experimental conditions, the less ototoxic effect of netilmicin was obvious. The results of the present study indicate that the less ototoxic potential of netilmicin as compared with other aminoglycosides is probably due to the drug itself and not primarily due to a poor penetration of netilmicin into the inner ear. PMID- 6613555 TI - Motion perception of head or trunk modulates cervico-ocular reflex (COR). AB - In 15 sitting volunteers with eyes covered the vestibulo- and cervico-ocular reflexes were tested with sinusoidal movements around the vertical axis of the body, at frequencies of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 s-1 and a total amplitude of 40 degrees. When the trunk was moved against the fixed head, the subjects described mainly an illusionary head movement at 0.05 s-1, while, at 0.2 s-1 only the trunk movement was perceived. Subjects asked to imagine head motion during COR showed increased eye shifts and total saccadic amplitudes. With concentration on trunk movement perception these values decreased. PMID- 6613556 TI - Middle ear effusion caused by mechanical stimulation of the external auditory canal. An experimental study in the rat. AB - Mechanical stimulation of the external auditory canal (EAC) in rat, either by scratching or exposure to a stream of air, caused effusion behind an intact ear drum both in the experimental ear and in the contralateral one. Histologically the pars flaccida appeared oedematous, especially its lamina propria; and was infiltrated by inflammatory cells indicating a vascular leakage. Determination of the histamine level of the content of the middle ear cavity showed elevated levels, not only in the experimental ear but also in the contralateral. This increased level of histamine was recorded as long as 24 hours after stimulation. Though the mechanisms involved are not known, new ideas about the initiation of otitis media with effusion are inferred. PMID- 6613557 TI - Importance of functional vestibular examination even in cases with vague dizziness complaints. AB - The data of two recent cases prove that not only typical rotatory vertigo asks for vestibular investigation. In these cases with rather atypical vertigo and dizziness, diagnosis only is obtained by the ENG investigation, which at the same time indicates the central localisation. PMID- 6613558 TI - Practical value of a simplified air caloric stimulation with freon. AB - Caloric testing is the only method to examine the vestibular function of each labyrinth separately. When a perforated drum is present, caloric stimulation has to be achieved by air injection. In this study we examine the applicability and reliability of a simplified stimulator with Freon. This comparative study proves it to be a reliable method for daily ENT practice. PMID- 6613559 TI - [The value of evoked cortical response studies in expert opinion]. PMID- 6613560 TI - [Our experience in surgery of cholesteatoma]. PMID- 6613561 TI - [Our experience in the surgical correction of otospongiosis]. PMID- 6613562 TI - [Automatic screening tympanometry in school medicine]. AB - The authors have tested 1690 ears of kindergarten and schoolchildren aged between 2 1/2 and 13 with a completely automatic tympanometer Model 85 AR American Electromedics whose most interesting characteristic is a supple eartip which adjusts to the concha without penetrating the external earduct. That technical advantage makes it a very non-aggressive instrument, easy to use for school medical screening. The results obtained are quite the same as those mentioned in the literature: 23% of the children tested have a pathological tympanogram. Three to 6 weeks later, 50% of these tympanograms remain abnormal. The breakdown by age group analysis shows a larger frequency of middle ear pathology between the ages of 2 1/2 and 6. The use of an automatic tympanometer for the screening of suspect cases seems to not only be highly suitable but needed for kindergarten children before beginning primary school. PMID- 6613563 TI - [Hereditary angioedema. A hereditary disorder in the synthesis of the complement system]. AB - Hereditary angioedema is characterized by recurrent attacks of painless, non itching edema of the face and limbs and sometimes by abdominal symptoms. It is due to a deficiency of functional inhibitor of the first component of complement (C1 Inh). We present a case where a normal antigenic level of C1 Inh was found but no functional activity was present (B variant). A short review is given of the pathogenesis, heredity, diagnosis and treatment of the disease. PMID- 6613564 TI - [Differential diagnosis of intranasal masses in children. Apropos of a case of meningoencephalocele with glioma]. AB - The authors reviewed the different etiologic possibilities of nasal mass occurring in pediatric population. The report of one of their own case of meningoencephalocele gives them the opportunity to insist on the necessity of atraumatic investigations and the absence of significant correlation between clinical characteristics of the tumor and histological diagnose. Surgical exploration and external extirpation of the tumor is the treatment of choice in young patients. Current management will first consist in biopsies by olders, usually followed by multidisciplinary approach. PMID- 6613565 TI - [The contribution of tomodensitometry to cervicofacial oncology]. PMID- 6613566 TI - [Do middle ear "polyps" exist?]. PMID- 6613568 TI - [Antrolith]. PMID- 6613567 TI - [Deviations of the larynx and trachea in intrathoracic diseases]. AB - Changes of the static-dynamical balance inside the thorax by pressure or traction of pathologic processes effect dislocation of the trachea and the larynx. Basing on the clinical symptoms of 45 patients the results are stated of experiments on cadavers and on isolated, at the hyoid bone fixed laryngotracheal preparations. Opposite displacements of the larynx and the trachea, especially in mediastinal processes, are to be observed among predominant equilateral dislocations to the side of the thorax process, concerning primarily the trachea and only in increasing pressure or traction also the larynx. The findings are collated with earlier researches to the same subject. They have a bearing on the interpretation and the attachment of the symptoms of stenosis. PMID- 6613569 TI - [Treatment of sudden deafness. Apropos of the parenteral and peroral administration of Cerebroxine]. PMID- 6613570 TI - Functional rhinopharyngotubal study on patients affected with cystic fibrosis. AB - The authors carried out many functional tests on the naso-pharyngo-tubal district in a group of patients affected with cystic fibrosis. The research has included: a clinical otolaryngological examination, Rx study of the paranasal sinuses, rhinomanometric study, mucocialiary nasal test, valuation of the tubal function and impedentiometry. The results have shown a poor correlation between the pathology of the nasal fossae and functionality of the Eustachian tube and middle ear. In order to verify the reliability of the data obtained, the same functional tests have been carried out on a control group of patients suffering from nasal atopy. PMID- 6613571 TI - Prognostic value of sleep analysis in newborns with perinatal hypoxic brain injury. AB - The correlation between the findings of polygraphic sleep analysis and the late prognosis was studied in 37 full-term newborns after perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury, and in 9 healthy neonates. The relationship with a poor prognosis was significant if there was (i) a sleep cycle disturbance (decreased level of active sleep; persistence of quiet sleep-trace alternate pattern in the total cycle); (ii) immaturity in bioelectric brain maturation greater than or equal to 4 weeks; (iii) depression of background activity. The correlation with favourable outcome was significant if (i) the EEG was normal; (ii) sleep spindles occurred. The following findings were unrelated to prognosis: asymmetry, paroxysmal abnormalities, and reactivity of EEG to light or sound stimulation. PMID- 6613572 TI - The D-xylose test in coeliac disease. AB - The results of more than 500 D-xylose loading tests are described. In almost half of the cases proven or suspected to be coeliac disease, the blood xylose level was low. In 69 patients the result was compared to that of small bowel biopsy. Abnormal levels were found in 98% of total or subtotal villous atrophy. It is therefore suggested to apply the test for screening in severe cases. Since with increasing age the absorption of xylose improves, this is to be considered when evaluating the test. At the time of gluten readministration the D-xylose test suggests the presence of histological changes well before their clinical manifestation. Therefore the result of the D-xylose test serves as an indication for small bowel biopsy. An abnormal D-xylose test after introduction of the gluten-free diet points to its deficiency. PMID- 6613573 TI - Renal aspects of neonatal sodium homeostasis. AB - Current knowledge on renal sodium handling during the neonatal period is reviewed with particular reference to its clinical implications. It has been demonstrated that fractional sodium excretion is inversely proportional to the maturity of the neonate. The high rate of urinary sodium excretion in the low-birth-weight premature infants results in sodium depletion, hyponatraemia and hypoosmolality; evidence has been provided to indicate that it may contribute to the development of late metabolic acidosis, failure to gain weight and impaired function of the central nervous system. When challenged by salt loading, a significantly more marked natriuretic response could be seen in preterm than in full-term neonates. Acute sodium overdose may cause iatrogenic hypernatraemia and neonatal intracranial haemorrhage. Long-term high sodium intake may induce salt and water retention, peripheral oedema, increased intracranial pressure, congestive heart failure, reopening of the ductus arteriosus and hypertension in adult life. Alterations in salt balance even in the very low-birth weight premature infant result in adaptive changes in the function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, renal prostaglandin E and F2a production and plasma prolactin level. When drug therapy known to affect renal sodium handling such as indomethacin, furosemide, dopamine, aminophylline and glucocorticoid is prescribed in the perinatal period, neonatal salt and water balance should carefully be monitored. PMID- 6613574 TI - Maternal regulation of fetal growth. AB - The birth weight of the mothers, sibs, maternal aunts and their children were compared with those of 400 full-term, appropriate-for-gestational age, 181 true premature, 200 small-for-gestational age, and 261 correlation was found between the weight of the newborns and their mothers and maternal relatives in each case. The findings support the Ounsted theory that the rate of fetal growth is influenced by a familial component with maternal transmission. This regulation does not operate in true prematurity where the effect of environmental and pathological factors seems to prevail over the familial and genetic features. PMID- 6613575 TI - Evolution of serum C3, IgG, IgA and IgM levels of healthy mothers and their mature newborns during the early neonatal period. AB - Susceptibility to infections is most pronounced during the perinatal period. The main characteristic feature of the clinical course is a proneness to generalisation; this can be attributed to immaturity of the immune system. In addition to a series of laboratory parameters, quick and exact determinations of immunoglobulins and complement fractions repeatedly performed within a short time may be useful in confirming a suspected infection and in following the course of the disease. In order to establish the normal basal levels and the dynamics of changes 30 mothers, all healthy, having no abnormality during pregnancy or shortly after delivery, and their healthy mature neonates were examined for IgG, IgA, IgM and C3 serum levels. These basal values are useful in judging the parameters under pathological conditions. PMID- 6613576 TI - Fatty acid composition of human milk and milk-based formulas in Hungary. AB - Fatty acid composition of breast milk from 250 Hungarian women being 1, 3 and 6 months post partum was studied. It was shown that the fatty acid composition of mature breast milk does not vary greatly with the length of lactation. Data from women with different education levels and places of residence were found similar, suggesting similarities in the dietary habits of Hungarian women. Fatty acid levels in human milk did not show significant seasonal variation. The content of linoleic acid (expressed as g/l and percent of total energy) was calculated in relation to the length of lactation. Fatty acid composition of Hungarian milk based formulas (Robebi A, Robebi B and Linolac) was also studied and compared to the mean composition of milk from 250 mothers. The results indicated differences in the contents of most saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and confirmed the finding that even the most carefully adapted formulas cannot substitute human milk. PMID- 6613577 TI - Intrauterine growth retardation: ultrasonic diagnosis. AB - In 3258 pregnant mothers with ascertained gestational length, 3736 biparietal and transverse thoracic diameters were measured by a rapid screen ultrasound device. The data were processed by computer and the possibilities of detection and typing of intrauterine fetal retardation were examined. Serial measurements performed during pregnancy satisfactorily detected type I or the proportional type. The asymmetrical form, type II, can be distinguished by the Neyman-Pearson method. The decision curves applicable for each gestational week have been computed and are described. They can also be used for determination of the degree of intrauterine wasting. PMID- 6613578 TI - The position of the diabetic child in society. AB - A total of 108 diabetic children and 153 controls has been examined by explorative methods and questionnaires. According to the results the relationship between the diabetic child and his surroundings is not satisfactory. The sporting possibilities of the diabetic child are scanty, often without reason. All this may be in relation with the erroneous knowledge on diabetes of the child and his environment. The diabetic children familiar with their disease are in a more advantageous position. In consequence diabetic children need more attention and care. Well-trained experts and teams have to direct their way of life. PMID- 6613579 TI - Clinical diagnosis of malformation syndromes: syndromatology in paediatrics. AB - The term malformation syndrome should be retained for designation of characteristic symptom complexes of clear-cut pathogenesis. Classification of disorders into any of the three categories deformation, malformation respectively dysplasia or into any combination of them leads to better insight into morphological syndromes. Ten rules of the diagnostic procedure have been formulated and illustrated by the example of the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Disturbed organogenesis is usually accompanied by multiple signs of dysmorphy, a careful search for malformations is therefore desirable. In the case of malformation syndromes interfering with growth and development continuous care of the patient is indispensable. PMID- 6613580 TI - Aetiological monitor of congenital abnormalities: a case-control surveillance system. AB - An Aetiological Monitor of Congenital Abnormalities was launched in Hungary on 1 January 1980 with the purpose to obtain aetiological information parallel with the reporting of congenital abnormalities. A questionnaire is sent to all mothers having babies with well defined major congenital abnormalities within one month after being reported to the Register. Diseases during pregnancy, drugs taken during pregnancy as well as employment and type of work made by the pregnant are studied. According to the data of the first year, progestogens were taken in 33.4% and oestrogen in 10.8% of all pregnancies. Other data indicate that the drugs studied mean either no teratogenic risk or, if there is any risk, it is very small. PMID- 6613581 TI - The effect of direct current, sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid on pig epidermis. A light microscopic and electron microscopic study. AB - Lesions in pig skin were induced by direct current, hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, and the morphology of the lesions was compared in order to establish the influence of electrolysis in the electrical lesions. Both light microscopically and electron microscopically a pronounced similarity was found between cathode lesions and base-induced lesions including the presence of vesicular nuclei in both kinds of lesions. Some features were also common to anode lesions and acid induced lesions, but dissimilarities were present as well. From the results it is concluded that electrolysis in the tissue with the subsequent shift of pH, especially towards the alkaline side, is responsible for the formation of the vesicular nuclei which we repeatedly have found to be characteristic of electrical skin lesions. The shift of pH also induces the cytoplasmic feature called "white necrosis" which therefore is found more regularly in electrical lesions than in heat lesions. PMID- 6613583 TI - Methods for localization of hepatitis B surface antigen in liver tissue. An evaluation of different staining- and tissue preparation methods. AB - To investigate different staining techniques for demonstration of hepatitis B surface antigen a series of 250 liver biopsies were stained with direct immunofluorescence (I.F.) on frozen tissue and indirect immunoperoxidase (I.P.), direct I.F., orcein and haema toxylin-eosin (H.E.) on paraffin embedded tissue. Examination of different fixatives and various fixation times of formalin fixed tissue on the demonstration of HBsAg was performed on liver tissue from one case with large amounts of HBsAg in the tissue. Among 70 HBsAg sero-positive cases only 27 were tissue positive. In 51 sero-positive AVH cases, 11 were positive with I.F., 3 with I.P., one with orcein and none with H.E. In the remaining 19 sero-positive cases, representing 9 cases with chronic hepatitis, 6 cases with cirrhosis, 3 cases with non-specific reactive changes and one case without pathological changes, 15 cases were positive with I.F. as well as with I.P., 9 with orcein and 5 with H.E. Membrane related staining reaction was best preserved when using Bouin's and Clarke's fixative. No difference was observed between different fixatives as regards intracytoplasmic staining reaction. Formalin fixation for more than 7 hours duration caused a decrease in the amount of demonstrable HBsAg, which only to a limited extent could be restored by pre treatment with proteolytic enzyme. PMID- 6613582 TI - Cellular autophagocytosis induced by X-irradiation and vinblastine. On the origin of the segregating membranes. AB - Autophagocytosis was induced in cultured, human glial cells by X-irradiation or exposure to vinblastine sulphate. A transmission electron microscopic investigation of the origin of the segregating membranes in the autophagic process was performed by labelling of endocytotic vacuoles and lysosomes with electron-dense marker particles (native and cationized ferritin, colloidal gold and thorium dioxide). Cytochemical demonstration of the lysosomal marker enzyme acid phosphatase and serial sectioning of the cells were also carried out. The majority of newly formed, double-membrane bounded autophagic vacuoles were devoid of markers for both lysosomes and endocytotic vacuoles. Moreover, no evidence of origin from the endoplasmic reticulum was found and the segregating membranes of this type of autophagic vacuoles were, by process of elimination, considered likely to be derived from Golgi vacuoles or, possibly, assembled de novo. Autophagy also appeared to be effected through an alternative pathway involving a lysosomal wrapping or microautophagic mechanism. PMID- 6613584 TI - Prognostic factors in neuroblastomas. AB - The clinical and histological factors affecting prognosis for 70 patients with neuroblastomas were tested with regression analysis. Generalized tumor disease was found to be of primary importance. Significant predictors for prognosis in patients without distant metastases were operation, with or without other therapy, age less than one year and histology. When all recorded factors were analyzed the explanation value only reached 0.42. This indicates that the variation in prognosis depends upon other factors as well. PMID- 6613585 TI - The influence of phenacetin or mechanical perforation on the development of renal pelvic and urinary bladder tumors in FANFT-induced urinary tract carcinogenesis. AB - The influence of 0.535% phenacetin in the diet or mechanical perforation of the renal pelvis and urinary bladder of male Sprague-Dawley rats in FANFT-induced urinary tract carcinogenesis was studied. The 151 rats were divided into 5 experimental and one control group. The rats were followed for up to 80 weeks. FANFT administered at 0.2% in the diet for 11 weeks resulted in a high incidence of urinary tract tumors particularly of the renal pelvis. Similar results were obtained by administration of 0.2% FANFT for 6 weeks followed by 0.535% phenacetin while FANFT for 6 weeks preceded or followed by mechanical perforation of the renal pelvis resulted in a significantly lower incidence of renal pelvic tumors. Phenacetin appeared to enhance the development of renal pelvic tumors in FANFT-induced urinary tract carcinogenesis. In contrast no effect of phenacetin on the urinary bladder could be detected. PMID- 6613586 TI - The combined effect of mechanical trauma and phenacetin or sodium saccharin on the rat urinary bladder. AB - The effect of 0.535% phenacetin or 5% sodium saccharin administered in the diet on proliferating urothelium in 160 Sprague-Dawley rats was studied by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Reparative urothelial proliferation was induced by perforating the urinary bladder with a 23 gauge needle. The rats were then treated with phenacetin or sodium saccharin for up to 70 weeks. Non perforated rats treated with phenacetin or sodium saccharin developed a slowly increasing urothelial hyperplasia detectable by light microscopy and SEM examination. When the rats were subjected to perforation of the bladder followed by phenacetin or sodium saccharin there was a significant increase in the incidence and severity of the hyperplastic lesions compared to rats treated with phenacetin or sodium saccharin alone. Although pleomorphic microvilli were detected on the luminal surface of the bladder in 30 of 160 rats, only 2 rats developed bladder tumors. Among female rats pleomorphic microvilli, although initially frequently present, seemed to disappear. The presence of pleomorphic microvilli therefore seems also to be consistent with a reversible hyperplasia. PMID- 6613587 TI - Relation between mucous cells and lymphoid tissue in rat intrapulmonary airways. AB - The distribution of mucous cells in rat intrapulmonary airways was investigated by conventional light microscopic technique. A striking association was found between differentiation of epithelial mucous cells and accumulation of lymphoid tissue in the lamina propria of bronchioli. Nodular accumulations of lymphoid tissue, covered by a lymphoepithelium, as well as differentiation of mucous cells, increased with age. This normal development was accelerated in rats exposed to aerosolized ovalbumin. PMID- 6613588 TI - [Chemical studies on the alkaloids of Hu-Man-Teng (Gelsemium elegans Banth.). I. Isolation of the alkaloids and structure of humantenmine]. PMID- 6613589 TI - [Studies on the chemical constituents of a Chinese folk medicine Niu-Jin-Guo (Harrisonia perforate Blano Merr)]. PMID- 6613590 TI - [Synthesis of 5-pregnen-3 beta, 17 alpha-diol-20-one-3-acetate-17 alpha carboxylic acid esters, and studies on their structure-activity relationships]. PMID- 6613591 TI - [Comparison of inhibitory effects of triazines on dihydrofolate reductase isolated from murine leukemia cells with the inhibition of growth of cells in culture]. PMID- 6613592 TI - [Open step-graded graft dry column chromatography]. PMID- 6613593 TI - [A study of the introduction of N-butyl group onto C17-position of estradiol- synthesis of 17 alpha-n-butyl-17 beta-estradiol-3-cyclopentyl ether]. PMID- 6613594 TI - [Antihypertensive compounds--synthesis of 2-imino-3-(beta-hydroxyphenethyl) thiazolidine derivatives]. PMID- 6613595 TI - [Application of pharmacokinetics in clinical pharmacology and biopharmaceutics]. PMID- 6613596 TI - [Studies on antifertility action of Phaseolus vulgaris]. PMID- 6613597 TI - [Studies on the elimination of nithiocyamine from patients with schistosomiasis and its toxicities to the liver-bile system of rats]. PMID- 6613598 TI - [Absorption, distribution, excretion and metabolism of cryptotanshinone]. PMID- 6613599 TI - [Separation of Bungarus fasciatus venom and preliminary pharmacological studies of its toxic components]. PMID- 6613600 TI - [Densitometric methods for the determination of morphine in poppy extracts]. PMID- 6613601 TI - [Distribution of 5-ethyl-5-(1-methylpropyl) 2-thiobarbiturate with gas chromatography in fetal material from induced abortion]. PMID- 6613602 TI - Hepatic injury in rats due to prolonged sub-anaesthetic halothane exposure. AB - Fischer-344 rats of both sexes were exposed to halothane (2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1 trifluoroethane) at a concentration of 50 p.p.m. for twelve weeks. During the course of the experiment, weight gain of both sexes was depressed and serum alanine aminotransferase activities were elevated, compared to control animals. The temporal pattern of alanine aminotransferase elevation differed between the sexes. After 12 weeks of exposure, liver/body weight ratio was increased in both sexes, and pathological changes were observed in their livers. Livers of all halothane-exposed animals showed focal liver cell necrosis, considerable lobular disarray and occasional mitoses. Many liver cells showed fatty change. None of these changes were observed in any control animals. These results indicate that prolonged exposure to a low concentration of halothane caused mild liver damage with regeneration. This finding may be of significance to humans occupationally exposed to halothane. PMID- 6613603 TI - Placental transfer of diethylhexyl phthalate in the guinea-pig placenta perfused in situ. AB - Placental transport of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) in guinea-pigs has been studied with a placental perfusion technique. This transfer was shown to be independent of perfusion flow rate within 1.5-2.3 ml/min. when heparinized blood was used as perfusion media. When dextran solution (Macrodex) or dextran solution with the addition of Intralipid was used as perfusion medium there was no transport of DEHP from the maternal to the foetal compartment. The placental transport of DEHP was shown to be dependent on the albumin concentration in the perfusion media, up to an albumin concentration of 54 mg/ml. With gamma-globulin solution as perfusion medium there was no placental transfer of DEHP. PMID- 6613604 TI - Role of selenium in protection against lead intoxication. AB - The administration of selenium concomitantly with lead in rats restrained the lead induced enzymuria, proteinuria, enhanced urinary excretion of delta aminolevulinic acid, inhibition of the activities of certain renal enzymes, blood delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and blood, liver and kidney uptake of lead. The protective effect of selenium against lead toxicity may be attributed to a competition between selenium and lead for binding with the functional bioligands or to the in vivo formation of lead selenide. PMID- 6613605 TI - Monoamine uptake in brain synaptosomes after administration of copper to rats. AB - In our previous studies, divalent copper (Cu) has proved to be a potent inhibitor of monoamine uptake in rat brain synaptosomes in vitro. To study whether Cu affects monoamine uptake in the brain in vivo, rats were given Cu (as CuCl2) acutely as a single dose of 30, 100, 200 or 300 mg/kg by gavage, intravenously 9 mg/kg or subacutely in drinking water, 200, 400, or 600 mg/l Cu for 3 weeks. Control animals were given deionized water. Cu was an order of magnitude more toxic intravenously than orally as judged by the Cu dose. The high affinity uptake of dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and noradrenaline did not change in striatal, hypothalamic and cortical synaptosomes, respectively, after these Cu administrations. A single dose of 300 mg/kg Cu orally was lethal and increased hypothalamic Cu by 13% and cortical Cu by 26%. Lower doses increased neither blood nor brain Cu significantly 24 hrs after administration of Cu. After the 3 week administration of 600 mg/l Cu in drinking water blood Cu had increased by 22% and cerebral Cu by 19%. The results indicate that Cu is not liable to affect monoamine uptake in nerve endings in vivo. This may be explained by effective endogenous protective mechanisms against Cu. PMID- 6613606 TI - Effects of quinuronium sulfate pre-exposure on hepatic excretion of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) as measured by isolated perfused rat liver. AB - Effects of quinuronium sulphate pre-exposure on hepatic excretion of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) as measured by isolated perfused rat liver was investigated. Seventeen rats were used in the study. Rats were divided into controls (Group 1, n = 5), low quinuronium treated animals (Group 2, n = 6), and high quinuronium treated animals (Group 3, n = 6) receiving 0, 1.5 or 2.3 mg quinuronium sulphate/kg intraperitoneally, respectively. Each animal was dosed 30 min. before sacrifice. After 30 min. of equilibrium perfusion, BSP was introduced and the experiment continued for 2 hours. Perfusate and bile were collected at designated time intervals and the volume of bile was noted. BSP in perfusate and bile was assayed. Half-life in minutes (t 1/2 +/- S.E.) of BSP disappearance from perfusate in groups 1, 2 and 3 were 12.5 +/- 1.8, 13.7 +/- 1.0 and 16.8 +/- 3.3, respectively. Group 2 and 3 rats had a significant decrease of BSP excretion in bile (P less than 0.01) compared to group 1 rats. Bile volumes decreased in both quinuronium pre-exposed groups of rats compared to control rats. These observations indicate that quinuronium affects liver function. PMID- 6613607 TI - Metabolism of p-tert.-butyltoluene in the rat and guinea pig. AB - The metabolism of p-tert.-butyltoluene (TBT) was studied in the rat and guinea pig. Both the methyl and the tert.-butyl group were oxidized to alcohol and carboxylic acid derivatives in these species. The major urinary metabolites in rats were p-tert.-butylbenzoic acid and its alcohol derivative 2-(p carboxyphenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-ol whereas p-tert.-butylbenzoylglycine was the most prominent metabolite in guinea pig urine. No significant differences in metabolism were found when TBT was given intragastrically or by inhalation. The intragastric administration of 14C-TBT to rats showed that the bulk of the excretion of radioactivity occurred within three days. A recovery of 83% was achieved and the ratio of urinary/faecal radioactivity was roughly 3.5:1. PMID- 6613608 TI - The effect of pretreatment with vitamin E on the effects of endotoxin in rat. AB - Twenty male rats weighing about 100g were treated subcutaneously with 25 mg alpha tocopherol acetate. The rats were given 0.4 mg/100 g endotoxin intraperitoneally 24 hrs after the pretreatment, and were sacrificed 18 hrs after the endotoxin injection. The lipid peroxide level as evaluated by the TBA-value remained at the no-treatment level. In a similar group of rats not pretreated but given the same dose of endotoxin intraperitoneally, the TBA-value rose significantly. There were no statistically significant differences in the mean plasma ALAT and OCT activities or in the mean liver or plasma Zn concentrations between the endotoxin treated groups. The plasma OCT and ALAT activities were significantly correlated with the liver TBA-values in both endotoxin-treated groups but the plasma Zn and OCT, or plasma Zn and ALAT were significantly correlated only in the group pretreated with vitamin E. In a control group of 20 animals not treated with either endotoxin or vitamin E the plasma Zn and vitamin E concentrations were statistically significantly (P less than 0.05) correlated. It is suggested that the endotoxin effect on the liver is probably mediated by prostaglandin-like substances. PMID- 6613609 TI - Affinity of drugs for cytochrome P-450 determined by inhibition of p nitrophenetole O-deethylation by rat liver microsomes. AB - The rate of conversion of p-nitrophenetole to p-nitrophenol by rat liver microsomes was studied. Inhibition of the reaction by CO and by SKF 525A and the absolute dependence on NADPH and oxygen indicate that cytochrome P-450 catalyzes the reaction. The apparent Km for oxygen was 0.07 microM. Furthermore, cytochrome b5 seemed to be involved in the formation of p-nitrophenol. The effect on p nitrophenol formation of drugs known to be involved in drug interaction in clinical practice was studied. There was a competitive inhibition by phenytoin (inhibitor constant, Ki, 30 microM), disulfiram (Ki, 2 microM) and chloramphenicol (Ki, 20 microM), whereas a mixed-type inhibition by isoniazid was observed (Ki, 1,3 mM and Kii, 10,6 mM). PMID- 6613610 TI - A study of neuropsychological alterations in multiple sclerosis. AB - The Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery was administered to 22 patients with ascertained multiple sclerosis. The result is tht in these patients a brain damage exists in 54.5% of cases, but without preferential localization of the damage. Furthermore, the damage is not significantly correlated to four clinical parameters of the illness: age of the patient, age of the onset of the illness, duration of the illness and disability level. PMID- 6613611 TI - [The role of the healer in neuropsychiatric care in the Revolutionary People's Republic of Guinea]. AB - These comments reflect some actuality in Guinea, country where healers are generally controlled for their activities in order to integrate them to the medical life of the country, at least for primary care. In neuropsychiatry, the healer is more mysterious and less precise in its activities. He uses for its treatment exogenous factors: suggestion, a privileged relationship with his patient, drug administration. The endogenous factors used are dream utilisation, mystical states, transes. The neuropsychiatric healer integrates very poorly in the medical society and he will certainly create a problem in the future, with the coming of modern psychiatry. He will have to be situated in face of this socio cultural evaluation in the approach to mental patients. Nothing is done in this field, neither at the level of WHO, nor at the level of the state of Guinea. PMID- 6613612 TI - Haloperidol decanoate in schizophreniform disorders. Clinical and neuroendocrine aspects. AB - The recently synthesized depot neuroleptic haloperidol decanoate (HD) has been mainly used in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia. In this trial 23 outpatients, 11 male and 12 female, suffering from schizophreniform disorders, according to the DSM III, were treated with 50 mg to 250 mg of HD, every 4 weeks for 12 months. At the end of the trial, the mean dosage of HD administered and BPRS (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale) mean scores were significantly lower than the initial ones (70.8 mg VS 108 mg, and 21.5 VS 45.7 respectively). In 10 male patients, plasma levels of haloperidol and PRL were evaluated during the first four weeks of treatment. A positive correlation between haloperidol levels and clinical improvement and a significant increase in PRL levels in correspondence with haloperidol plasma peaks, but not with clinical improvement, were observed. These data indicate a dissociation between the effect of haloperidol after HD injection on the limbic dopaminergic system and the effect at the level of the tubero-infundibular system. PMID- 6613613 TI - [Initial results of treatment with the new antidepressant Upstene]. AB - On 52 cases treated with Upstene IV or per os, in double blind with clomipramine or in open study, we have obtained 47 good or excellent results. The remission can be spectacular and obtained very rapidly in 1 to 4 days. Upstene does not give any secondary effects. A remarquable specificity of Upstene has been observed in obsessionnal and phobic neuroses: 25 positive results on 27 cases. Upstene is very active on 5 HT reuptake, particularly in the limbic system; it reduces cutral 5 HIAA metabolism which would probably explain its beneficial effect on obsessional or phobic neuroses, in which 5 HIAA is increased in the brain. Furthermore, limbic lobectomy gives 84% of positive results. PMID- 6613614 TI - A long-term follow-up of adolescent anorexia nervosa. AB - Twenty-one female patients between the ages of 15 and 44 years who had suffered from anorexia nervosa between the ages of 11 and 17 were re-evaluated at a mean follow-up of 9.4 years. The continuing psychic impairment of the former patients was apparent both in interviews and questionnaires. Abnormalities were found in 10 to 66% of the patients according to different symptoms and criteria. The outcome was less favourable for patients who had experienced a high initial weight loss and had been subjected to repeated in-patient treatment. Three variables were most significant in terms of poor long-term prognosis: pre-morbid obesity, pre-morbid eating disorders and complications during pregnancy. PMID- 6613615 TI - Depressive illness and dependency. AB - The relationship has been examined in depressed in-patients between type of depression (as categorised by the Levine-Pilowsky Depression Questionnaire) and dependency (as measured by the Interpersonal Dependency Inventory) at time of discharge. No relationship could be demonstrated between dependency and depressive category. PMID- 6613616 TI - Time estimation and time production in depressive patients. AB - Twenty-three depressive inpatients and matched controls were studied three times at 2-week intervals. Both patients and controls initially overestimated, and subsequently approximated to, the "short" time spans (5-240 sec) whilst both correctly estimated the "long" ones (15 and 30 min) over the three occasions (Time Estimation Test, TET). There were no differences in the TET scores among the patients themselves, or between the patients and controls with the exception of one time span which the patients overestimated more than the controls. Among the depressive symptoms, only retardation was correlated with the TET scores. Similarly in the production of 30 sec (Time Production Test, TPT) there were no differences among the patients or between patients and controls. Again, only retardation was negatively correlated with the TPT score. Since the TET scores of the "short" time spans were negatively correlated with the TPT scores, it was speculated that both results derived from a single faculty, which was clinically manifested as retardation. PMID- 6613617 TI - Dexamethasone suppression test in a pluridiagnostic approach: its relationship to psychopathological and clinical variables. AB - Using a pluridiagnostic approach, the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was studied in 67 depressed inpatients in its relationship to diverse clinical variables. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD), the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC), the Newcastle Index, the Hamilton Depression Rating scale (HAM-D), and the Bf-s self rating questionnaire were applied. Fifty-two per cent of endogenous depressed (ICD), 51% of major depressive (RDC) and 53% of endogenous depressed (Newcastle) patients demonstrated dexamethasone nonsuppression (DSTN) with a value above 110 nm/l. Six per cent of neurotic depressed (ICD), 9% of minor depressive (RDC) and 23% of neurotic depressed (Newcastle) patients were dexamethasone nonsuppressors. Significantly higher values (after P-correction) for DSTN could be detected in severity ratings as measured with Newcastle (P less than 0.001) and HAM-D global score (P less than 0.001) and also for HAM-D factor 4 (somatic complaints, P = 0.001). All the other evaluated variables did not discriminate between patients with dexamethasone suppression and with nonsuppression. PMID- 6613618 TI - Psychiatric study of non-responders among elderly health examinees in Stockholm. AB - A psychiatric study has been carried out on a group of 72-year-olds. They were selected at random among the 2,878 persons born in 1905 and resident in the municipality of Stockholm who failed to appear for a general health checkup 6 years earlier. Among the 86 persons who could be evaluated of the 104 originally selected, 53 were found to be without psychiatric symptoms. Organic brain diseases were found in four cases, psychoses in three and neurotic disorders, chiefly depressive states, in 15 cases, while 10 subjects had sleeping disturbances and one chronic alcoholism. The social group distribution among the examinees indicated that it was those most in need of medical or social help who failed to participate in the health checkup. PMID- 6613619 TI - Abusers of alcohol immediately prior to pension. AB - In the granting of a disability pension to an alcohol abuser society is taking a somewhat controversial step. In order to elucidate the overall situation of these abusers, the quality of life of 61 abusing applicants was examined. The sample represents all 78 first-time applicants during an 18-month period in a geographically defined region in the county of Ostergotland in Sweden. As expected, apart from their extensive abuse, the applicants were in bad psychiatric-psychological condition and demonstrated severe neuro-psychological and biochemical disturbances. In addition, their social network was somewhat restricted and also otherwise rather problematic. These deviations were evident in relation to a matched group of newly pensioned non-abusers. In comparison with another more closely matched group of abusers undergoing rehabilitation, the differences appeared mainly within the psychiatric-psychological sphere. This is a report in a series from the research project "Abuse of alcohol - Disability pension - Quality of life". PMID- 6613620 TI - Couvade. AB - In a prospective study a number of women and their husbands were interviewed early on in the pregnancy, in the week after delivery and again 4 months later. The couvade syndrome, in which the father-to-be suffers from somatic symptoms of psychogenic origin connected in some way with his wife's pregnancy, was investigated. Sixteen of the 81 men who participated in the study fulfilled the syndrome criteria. The most common symptoms were weight gain, toothache, loss of appetite, and "other aches". The men with the couvade syndrome had more mental symptoms during the pregnancy period. The syndrome had no relation to the somatic or mental symptoms of the women. It is proposed that the couvade syndrome might be a somatic expression of anxiety. PMID- 6613621 TI - First admissions for psychiatric disorders. A comparison between the Faroe Islands and Denmark. AB - Historical accounts emphasize a high rate of mental morbidity in the Faroe Islands compared with Denmark. As prerequisites for a comparative investigation are now present, we have compared a 10-year period of first admission rates in both areas. We found a lower rate for the Faroes generally, in particular for women, for the age group 30-64, and also for the majority of diagnostic groups. The group manic-depressive psychosis come closest to Danish conditions, followed by reactive psychosis and alcohol and drug abuse. The greatest difference was found for the groups personal disorders, neuroses, and schizophrenia. PMID- 6613623 TI - [Assuming responsibility of a paraplegic by an insurance agency]. PMID- 6613622 TI - [Dental age - is Gustafson's method of current interest?]. PMID- 6613625 TI - [Forensic medicine team work of various countries in disasters]. PMID- 6613624 TI - [Life expectancy of the spinal cord injured]. PMID- 6613626 TI - [Coordination of the identification and assistance team in case of disaster: a personal experience]. PMID- 6613627 TI - [Medical liability and organization in the management of disasters]. PMID- 6613629 TI - [Data processing and its medicolegal aspects]. PMID- 6613628 TI - Poisoning with ethyl alcohol and potassium thiocyanate. PMID- 6613630 TI - XIIth congress of the International Academy of Forensic and Social Medicine. Vienna, May 17 to 22, 1982. Proceedings, Vol. II. PMID- 6613631 TI - [Freedom of will]. PMID- 6613632 TI - [A new case of Lasthenia de Ferjol syndrome]. PMID- 6613633 TI - [Personality disorders and accountability: the significance of the affective state in criminal acts]. PMID- 6613634 TI - Mass murderers son of Sam and Jack the Ripper. PMID- 6613635 TI - [Theoretic and methodologic aspects of psychiatric medicolegal expertise]. PMID- 6613636 TI - [A sociological model of rape]. PMID- 6613637 TI - [Psychiatric medicolegal contribution in assistance of the juvenile delinquent]. PMID- 6613638 TI - [Psychiatric problems of drug addicts conditionally released from preventive detention. Austria code, paragraph 22]. PMID- 6613639 TI - [Violent crime and identity disorders]. PMID- 6613640 TI - [100 cases of homicide or attempted homicide by mental patients]. PMID- 6613641 TI - [Deontologic aspects of psychiatric diagnosis]. PMID- 6613642 TI - [Medicolegal psychiatry and crisis in psychiatry in Italy]. PMID- 6613643 TI - [Medicolegal and psychiatric intervention in assistance in self-destructive behavior]. PMID- 6613644 TI - [The concept of consent to sexual intercourse]. PMID- 6613645 TI - [Accountability of epileptics under the influence of alcohol]. PMID- 6613646 TI - [Histologic aspects in death due to overdose of narcotic substances]. PMID- 6613647 TI - [Chemico-toxicologic findings in 100 deaths due to narcotics]. PMID- 6613648 TI - [Evaluation of the quantitative analysis in 65 fatal barbiturate poisonings with and without an alcohol effect]. PMID- 6613649 TI - Diagnostic problems in heroin-related deaths. PMID- 6613650 TI - [Death of the drug addict - report of the Lyons Institute of Legal Medicine]. PMID- 6613651 TI - [Possibilities of toxicologists' testimony about the duration of acute poisoning]. PMID- 6613652 TI - [Death of the fixer]. PMID- 6613653 TI - An investigation into self-poisoning with analgesic drugs in Scotland. PMID- 6613654 TI - Experimental contribution to identification and determination of diamorphine and its metabolites in blood and urine. PMID- 6613655 TI - [False-positive results of the lues serum reaction in narcotic-dependent patients]. PMID- 6613656 TI - [Current medicolegal aspects of death due to toxicomania in Alsace]. PMID- 6613657 TI - Drug addiction and drug-related deaths: anatomic and pathological aspects. PMID- 6613658 TI - [Hepatic histologic lesions in deceased drug addicts]. PMID- 6613659 TI - [The relevance and effectiveness of resocialization agencies for drug addicts]. PMID- 6613661 TI - XIIth congress of the International Academy of Forensic and Social Medicine. Vienna, May 17-22, 1982. Supplement. PMID- 6613660 TI - Bones - periods of exposure. PMID- 6613662 TI - [Mitral valve prolapse and histologic abnormalities of His tissue]. PMID- 6613663 TI - [Medicolegal autopsy in cases of unnatural death]. PMID- 6613664 TI - Fall from height into the water--pattern of lesions. A preliminary report of 10 cases. PMID- 6613665 TI - [Interactions between bacteria, blood and serum groups]. PMID- 6613666 TI - [Psychopathologic and medicolegal aspects of calumny]. PMID- 6613667 TI - [Professional responsibility of the dental surgeon]. PMID- 6613668 TI - [Chromosomal variants in paternity research]. PMID- 6613669 TI - [Doubtful death confirmed by autopsy as a natural death]. PMID- 6613670 TI - Aminoacid concentration in ante-mortem and post-mortem wounds. PMID- 6613671 TI - [The French jurist facing iatrogenesis]. PMID- 6613672 TI - Cardiac digital subtraction angiography. PMID- 6613673 TI - [Morbidity among users of primary health care in the municipality of Nazare]. PMID- 6613674 TI - [Macular amyloidosis]. PMID- 6613675 TI - [Stage I of sarcoidosis and changes in respiratory function]. PMID- 6613676 TI - [The pancreas in chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 6613677 TI - [Echotomography and pancreatology. Advantages and limitations of the method]. PMID- 6613678 TI - [Pathogenesis of chronic alcoholic pancreatitis (current status of the problem)]. PMID- 6613679 TI - Reevaluation of parotid saliva test in the diagnosis of pancreatic disorders. PMID- 6613680 TI - Migraine and the heart. PMID- 6613681 TI - Quantification of left ventricular wall dysfunction by M-mode echocardiographic mapping in heart failure following acute myocardial infarction. AB - Echocardiographic mapping was performed in 44 patients on arrival in hospital and day 2 following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). To evaluate left ventricular (LV) function the per cent deviation of the mean systolic wall velocity (PD-V) from the normal was measured from 16 LV segments. Adequate data were obtained from 89% of the segments. The number of hypokinetic segments was somewhat higher in anterior than inferior AMI, reaching significance (p less than 0.05) on day 2. Dyskinetic segments were also more common in patients with anterior infarction (p less than 0.001), who also had significantly higher enzyme maxima than patients with inferior AMI (p less than 0.01). Enzyme maxima correlated well with the sum of PD-V from all hypokinetic segments on day 1 (r = 0.79, p less than 0.01). Compensatory hyperkinesia was more common in inferior than anterior AMI (p less than 0.001). Global LV function, estimated by subtracting the number of hyper- from hypokinetic segments (score sigma S:Adj), was significantly related to heart failure (Killip classification) (p less than 0.01) and the respiratory rate (r = 0.71, p less than 0.01) in the acute phase as well as to heart failure during the first post AMI month (New York Heart Association classification). PMID- 6613682 TI - Plasma lipid transfer in fish-eye disease. AB - Fish-eye disease is a familial condition characterized by corneal opacities and dyslipoproteinaemia with, i.a., pronounced enrichment of plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) with triglycerides. Cholesterol ester and triglyceride transferase activities in lipoprotein-free plasma have been measured in two patients with fish-eye disease and found to be normal. This indicates that a deficiency of plasma lipid transfer protein is not involved in the abnormal composition of LDL in fish-eye disease. PMID- 6613683 TI - Serum HDL cholesterol in a high coronary risk population in eastern Finland. AB - The serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) and total cholesterol levels and their determinants were explored in a random population sample from eastern Finland, an area with an exceptionally high mortality and morbidity from coronary heart disease (CHD). A total of 1792 persons aged 14-65 years were studied. Serum HDL cholesterol was determined in one series by using an enzymatic method after precipitation by dextran-magnesium chloride. The mean serum HDL cholesterol was 1.41 mmol/l in men and 1.62 mmol/l in women. Although a multivariate linear regression model explained 21% (for men) and 28% (for women) of the variation in serum total cholesterol, the same variables were able to account for only 9 and 4%, respectively, of the variation in serum HDL cholesterol. Among men, obesity and the daily consumption of tobacco products were inversely associated and the weekly consumption of beer and age were directly associated with serum HDL cholesterol and the serum HDL cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio. PMID- 6613685 TI - Clinical aspects of tricyclic antidepressant poisoning. AB - Self-poisoning with antidepressant drugs was studied retrospectively in 225 patients admitted to an intensive care unit. Amitriptyline accounted for the overwhelming majority of cases (70%); 106 patients (47%) had taken two or more drugs, in 81 patients (36%) ethanol was found in the blood. Four patients (2%) died. On admission, 111 patients (49%) were unconscious (grade III). A further 30 patients (13%) were in grade IV coma, and of these 27 had taken amitriptyline. Twenty-four hours after admission, 22 patients (10%) remained in coma. Thirty-six patients (16%) required assisted ventilation. Nineteen patients (8%) had convulsions and 6 (3%) aspired stomach contents. Sixty-one patients (27%) had a widened QRS interval exceeding 100 msec, 18 (30%) of them required assisted ventilation, 21 (34%) were in stage IV coma and 15 (25%) had convulsions. This relationship between a widened QRS interval and the severity of intoxication should be considered in the initial assessment of patients with tricyclic antidepressant poisoning. PMID- 6613686 TI - Value of liver and spleen aspiration biopsy in malignant diseases when these organs show no signs of involvement in sonography. AB - To determine whether an aspiration biopsy of liver and/or spleen is likely to reveal a clinically silent malignant infiltration, fine-needle aspiration biopsies were carried out in 180 patients with a diagnosed malignancy in whom neither the liver nor the spleen gave signs of involvement in sonography. Few, if any, findings were positive in patients with cancer or Hodgkin's disease. In non Hodgkin lymphoma, about 25% of the biopsies were positive for malignancy or aroused suspicion of malignancy. We conclude that fine-needle aspiration biopsies of the liver and spleen may be of value in the clinical follow-up of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. PMID- 6613684 TI - Cause of death in relation to social and alcoholic problems among Swedish men aged 35-44 years. AB - There have been conflicting reports concerning the relationship between increased alcohol intake and mortality from ischaemic heart disease. In this investigation, social register data also containing life-long registration data for alcoholic intemperance were related to cause of death for 302 men aged 35-44 in 1968-74. A random population sample of 940 male survivors of the same age was used for comparison. "Social problems only" were less common for the deceased, irrespective of cause of death, than for the controls. Registration for alcoholic problems was significantly more common for ischaemic heart disease, accidents, suicide and "other deaths" but not for cancer. The variables "detained by the police for drunkenness" and "in prison for crime" showed similar associations. Possible explanations are discussed, especially the association between alcoholic intemperance and death from ischaemic heart disease. The most probable mechanism is effects on the myocardial cell enzyme functions with following arrhythmias in subjects susceptible to malignant arrhythmias due to coronary artery disease and myocardial ischaemia. PMID- 6613687 TI - Serum creatine kinase isoenzymes in patients with advanced malignant disease. AB - Serum creatine kinase (CK) B subunit (CK-B) activity, as estimated by the enzymatic anti-M immunoinhibition method, and the CK isoenzyme pattern after agarose gel electrophoresis, were studied in 28 patients with advanced, untreated malignant disease. CK-B was above the decision limit, i.e. the discrimination limit used in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), in 14 patients (50%). Electrophoresis demonstrated, besides CK-MM, an atypical, cathodically migrating CK band in 10 of these patients. This band may represent mitochondrial CK. The CK-BB isoenzyme was detected in 9 and CK-MB in 3 subjects. Histopathologic findings indicated that the occurrence of these isoenzymes was related to tumour burden and the overall severity of the disease. Survival among patients with CK-B elevation was shorter than among other patients. The present findings are relevant to the enzyme diagnosis of AMI and of potential significance for the evaluation of patients with known or suspected malignant tumours. PMID- 6613688 TI - Incidence of farmer's lung leading to hospitalization and its relation to meteorological observations in Finland. AB - The standardized annual incidence of farmer's lung (FL) leading to hospitalization during 1980 in Finland was 50 per 100 000 persons employed in farming. Using preset uniform criteria, data were collected from all pulmonary disease units in the country. There were 186 new cases of FL in 1980. The mean age was 46 years, and 64% were women. Using the national population in 1975 as standard, the rates were standardized for age and sex. There were differences both in the incidence and in the sex ratio of FL among the farming population of the six districts of Finland. These differences are closely related to prevalent proportions of cattle raising among farmers and local cultural traditions in the various districts. Seasonal variation in the incidence of FL was statistically significant (Roger's test, p less than 0.001), the peak occurring in April. This confirms an earlier observation. The incidence rates were statistically significantly correlated with the sum and the mean of daily rainfall during the haymaking period preceding the diagnosis of FL. PMID- 6613689 TI - Serum ascorbic acid in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. AB - Serum presupplementation ascorbic acid levels were subnormal in 8 out of 10 patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis with capillary film and capillary flow dialyzers, the mean duration of treatment being 11 months. Supplementation with 100 mg ascorbic acid daily for two weeks raised the ascorbic acid values to normal in 9 out of 10 patients. After supplementation with 500 mg daily, all patients had ascorbic acid levels exceeding the normal upper limit, and 3 of them had gastrointestinal side-effects. The mean blood pH value, measured in 24 patients on chronic hemodialysis, showed a significant, though slight, decrease during supplementation with 500 mg daily as compared with the mean presupplementation value, but no statistically significant changes were observed in blood bicarbonate, base excess or PCO2 values. PMID- 6613690 TI - Evaluation of euglobulin clot lysis time as a screening method for determination of blood plasma fibrinolytic activity after venous occlusion. AB - Determination of the fibrinolytic activity should be performed in patients with recurrent thromboembolic disease. As a screening procedure we suggest the euglobulin clot lysis time test after venous occlusion. This test is sufficiently reliable and easier to perform than the fibrin plate method, especially outside coagulation laboratories. PMID- 6613691 TI - Malignant carcinoid tumour complicating coeliac disease. AB - A man with coeliac disease diagnosed in adult life developed a malignant carcinoid tumour in the ileum. Although previously unreported, the association may not be fortuitous in the light of recent observations showing consistent abnormalities in the enterochromaffin cell population in the damaged coeliac mucosa. PMID- 6613692 TI - Priapism--side-effect of prazosin in patients with renal failure. AB - Priapism developed during antihypertensive therapy with prazosin, 3-10 mg daily for 2-4 months, in two young men with severe renal failure. The cases are believed to be associated with alpha-adrenoceptor blocking and/or vasodilatory effects of the drug. Renal failure alone unlikely causes priapism, but may be an exposing factor for the episode. PMID- 6613693 TI - Function of cat's caudate nucleus in tasks involving spatial discontiguity between location of cue and response. AB - Cats were trained on go-left, go-right tasks with auditory frequency (F) or auditory location cues. The latter were used either with cue-response spatial discontiguity (LspD) or contiguity (LspC). Bilateral lesions located in the ventral segment of the caudate produced severe impairments on F and LspD tasks performance. Similar lesions, however, had no effect on the performance of the LspC task. Our findings show that spatial discontiguity between the location of cue and response is a crucial factor producing deficit on spatial tasks performance. PMID- 6613694 TI - Laminar organization of efferent connections of the prefrontal cortex in the dog. AB - The method of retrograde HRP transport was used to study the laminar organization of cortico-subcortical and cortico-cortical connections of the dog's prefrontal cortex (PFC). The neurons of deep cortical layers VI and V gave rise to cortico subcortical connections, while cortico-cortical connections originated from layers II-VI. Among them, the main source of intracortical connections was layer III. Differences in the distribution of labeled cells in sublayers IIIa and IIIb seemed to depend on the length of connections, e.g., local and distal as well as ipsi- and contralateral connections. The neurons which are a source of both cortico-subcortical and cortico-cortical connections were located more superficially in the medial PFC fields. Such distribution of neurons seems to be related to the differences of cytoarchitectonic structure of the medial and lateral PFC surface. Most frequently the projective neurons were of a pyramidal type, although some fusiform and stellate types were occasionally found. PMID- 6613695 TI - Visual field measurements in binocularly deprived cats. AB - Visual fields were measured in 4 binocularly deprived cats and 2 controls. The animals were tested monocularly in the area between 60 degrees contralateral to the open eye and 105 degrees ipsilateral. No difference was found between visually deprived and control cats in response to stimuli presented in the binocular segment of the visual field from 30 degrees contra laterally to 30 degrees ipsilaterally. The stimuli placed on the 45 degrees line contralaterally elicited a lower response in binocularly deprived cats than in the controls. The results show that in binocularly deprived cats the visual field can be controlled by the retinal periphery up to 45 degrees. PMID- 6613696 TI - Multiunit activity of the cat lateral geniculate neurons evoked by moving light pattern of variable intensity. AB - The activity of groups of 2-5 cells with overlapping receptive fields (RFs) was recorded by one single electrode from the lateral geniculate nucleus. The histograms of responses to a moving complex stripe- pattern were qualitatively compared with the stimulus intensity change measured within the center of the RFs. We suggest that the intensity of the stimulus is matched by the integrated activity of several functionally related units. PMID- 6613697 TI - Impairment of social behavior in amygdalar cats. AB - Social dominance in predatory animals was tested before and after amygdala lesions. Cats after damage of dorsal part of amygdala did not show predatory behavior in group and lost their social rank in hierarchy, but in the same animals predatory attack remained unchanged in nonsocial situations. In the cat with medial amygdala lesions total abolishment of mouse-killing behavior was observed in both social and nonsocial situations. It has been concluded that amygdala plays an essential role in emotional-motivational mechanisms of predatory competitions as one of the forms of social behavior. PMID- 6613698 TI - Response to stimulus change: amygdalar lesion elicits similar deficit as hippocampal damage. AB - We attempted to test whether the effect of amygdaloid lesion on the response-to change would be similar to that observed previously after hippocampal damage. Twelve rats with lesions in the cortico-basomedial region of the amygdala (CBM) and 20 sham operated controls were used. The experiment was conducted in a T-maze under two different conditions of stimulus presentation in trial 1. In the passive test the rat was allowed to inspect the white-black maze arms, but was prevented from entering them by transparent partitions. In the active test the rat was permitted to explore the entire T-maze. In both tests, the brightness of one arm was changed in trial 2, so that the two arms were alike. Control rats showed a statistically significant pre-ponderance of choices of the changed arm in both tests. CBM rats responded on a chance level in the passive test, while in the active one they performed like controls. These results, replicating closely the previous findings on rats with hippocampal damage, indicate the involvement of both the amygdala and hippocampus in the passive version of the response-to change test. The postoperative disturbance might be interpreted as an attentional deficit or a selective impairment of information processing in the passive version of the test. PMID- 6613699 TI - Facilitatory effects of electrical stimulation of the hippocampus on a one way active avoidance response in cats. AB - Effects of a low intensity electrical stimulation of the hippocampus (HiSt) on acquisition, performance and retention of a one-way active avoidance response (AAR) were studied in four groups of cats. The animals were first trained in avoiding an electric foot-shock signalled by a CS (500 Hz tone) presentation and then they were tested or retention until the response extinguished. The HiSt was applied simultaneously with the CS presentation and terminated immediately after the performance of the AAR. One group of cats was stimulated during training, one during the retention test, one during training and during the retention test and one served as unstimulated control group. It was found that application of the HiSt during training did not influence the acquisition rate, but the stimulation became indispensable for a normal performance and for retention of the response. Application of the HiSt after training facilitated performance and improved retention, but only in cats unstimulated during training. Additional tests revealed that the facilitatory effects of the HiSt could not be attributed to disinhibitory or cue properties of the HiSt. PMID- 6613700 TI - Ultrastructural changes in the central nervous system in experimental hypoglycemia. PMID- 6613701 TI - Lipid composition of erythrocyte membranes in myotonic muscular dystrophy. PMID- 6613702 TI - Influence of antiepileptic drugs on plasma lipid levels. PMID- 6613703 TI - Opsoclonus and myoclonus in malignant disease. A case report. PMID- 6613704 TI - External carotid-cavernous sinus fistulae. Report of two cases. PMID- 6613706 TI - Myelographic features of redundant nerve roots of the cauda equina. PMID- 6613705 TI - Stroke associated with mitral valve prolapse in a young woman. A case report. PMID- 6613707 TI - [Physiopathology and clinical aspects of nystagmus (1)]. PMID- 6613708 TI - A residence hall tavern as a collegiate alcohol abuse prevention activity. AB - An alcohol abuse prevention program used community organization to install an experimental tavern in a university residence hall. Upperclass students enrolled in a course on alcohol education managed the tavern as a vehicle to increase resident participation in alcohol abuse prevention activities. Baseline and follow-up surveys assessed consumption levels, problem frequencies and attitudes about alcohol use. Attendance was high at project events. Students increased their use of nonalcoholic beverages, altered their perceptions of heavy drinking and drinking and driving, and saw the program as improving residence hall parties. Beer, wine and liquor consumption did not change as a result of the program. Similarly, self-reports of problems including hangover, drinking and driving, noise and litter were not influenced. Program goals that attempt to formally modify per capita alcohol consumption were discussed. PMID- 6613709 TI - Relation of puff volume to other topographical measures of smoking. AB - Puff volume, puff duration, interpuff interval, cigarette interval, puffing rate, and number of puffs per cigarette were recorded in eight normally smoking subjects during five daily one-hour laboratory sessions. Topographical measures showed wide variability across subjects, but measures were relatively stable within subjects. Puff volume was significantly positively correlated with puff duration for five subjects. As the cigarette was smoked, puff duration remained relatively constant, while puff volume decreased systematically and interpuff interval increased initially and then decreased. PMID- 6613710 TI - Self assessment of relapse risk and assertiveness in relation to treatment outcome of female alcoholics. AB - Prior to and following social-skills training during a three months inpatient treatment, 145 female alcoholics indicated for various situations involving social pressure to drink alcohol (a) how difficult it would be for them not to drink (Relapse Risk) and (b) the degree of discomfort they expected (Specific Assertiveness). In addition, General Assertiveness situations, not related to alcohol, were evaluated. Patients who relapsed three months after treatment evaluated the situations more difficult to deal with and creating more discomfort than abstaining patients, although the groups did not differ in their self-rated assertiveness in non-alcohol-related situations. All ratings improved throughout the training, but the differences between outcome groups were similar before and after. When patients were excluded who had relapsed already during treatment, Relapse Risk but not Specific Assertiveness still discriminated between outcome groups. The prognostic power of the Risk rating seems to reflect a general efficacy expectation evident in a strong relation to patients' conviction of being able to stay abstinent, stated already at admission. PMID- 6613711 TI - Peer modeling effects in the smoking behavior of teenagers. AB - Modeling influences on adolescent smoking behavior were investigated. Twenty eight male and twenty-eight female teenagers were exposed to each of three experimental conditions: a male smoking confederate, a female smoking confederate, and no model present. The order of each of these half-hour long conditions was counterbalanced across subjects. Three aspects of smoking behavior were directly observed: number of cigarettes smoked, number of puffs per cigarette, and duration of each cigarette. The presence of a smoking model increased the number of people who smoked and the number of cigarettes smoked and decreased the number of puffs per cigarette. The sex of the model did not affect the smoking behavior of either male or female subjects. Boys tended to smoke more cigarettes than girls (p less than .06) and boys took significantly more puffs per cigarette than did girls in the model present conditions. The results provide experimental confirmation that modeling influences teenagers' smoking behavior, but the rate of smoking in the absence of a model demonstrates that modeling effects cannot account for the maintenance of smoking. PMID- 6613712 TI - Familial alcoholism and problem drinking in a national drinking practices survey. AB - This study examined the prevalence of alcoholism and problem drinking among the first degree relatives of respondents in a national survey. A stratified area probability sample of adults 18 years of age or older living in households in the U.S. was used for this analysis. Data were collected on familial alcoholism/problem drinking as well as the prevalence of alcohol problems and depressive symptoms of the respondents themselves. Overall, women reported more alcoholic/problem drinking first degree relatives than men. This relationship was enhanced for women with alcohol problems alone or in conjunction with depressive symptoms. However, rates of reported familial alcoholism/problem drinking among men and women who had depressive symptoms only were quite similar. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6613713 TI - Controlled smoking for chronic smokers: an extension and replication. AB - Nine long-term cigarette smokers participated in a seven session controlled smoking program. Employing a multiple baseline across behaviors design, the program focused on making sequential reductions in nicotine content of the cigarette brand smoked, percent of each cigarette smoked and, finally, number of cigarettes smoked per day. Self-monitoring records indicated that subjects were successful in making reductions in each of the three target behaviors and that the timing of these changes closely followed the initiation of treatment for each specific behavior. The magnitude of change was greatest for nicotine content (49% reduction) and somewhat less for number of cigarettes (28% reduction) and amount smoked (24% reduction). Carbon monoxide levels were also reduced and these reductions, as well as the smoking behavior changes, were generally maintained at a 6-month follow-up. This study provides a systematic replication of an earlier study and illustrates the usefulness of single subject designs for studying cigarette smoking. It is concluded that controlled smoking can be achieved by chronic smokers without significant relapse or compensation for at least six months following treatment. Limitations of the study and directions for future research are also discussed. PMID- 6613714 TI - Alcohol and proactive interference: a test of response eccentricity theory of alcohol's psychological effects. AB - A theory is offered which proposes that alcohol induces eccentricity in the neurophysiological mechanism by which responses are selected for emission by the nervous system. Hence, in a specific stimulus situation, normally high probability responses decrease in frequency, while lower probability responses increase in frequency. From this postulate, the prediction is derived that in a verbal paired-associate learning task administered over two days, alcohol will decrease proactive interference from first-day learning (high probability associate) and result in enhanced acquisition of second day items. This paper reports two experimental tests of the prediction, each of which employs four subject groups tested over two days. Experiment 1 (n = 24) provides tentative support while ruling out some potential confounds. With these confounds eliminated, Experiment 2 (n = 40) confirms the prediction in a more direct test. A variety of possible alternative explanations for the counter-intuitive finding of improved cognitive performance under alcohol are evaluated against the theory proposed, as are other recent theories which address the variable behavioral effects of alcohol. Finally, the new data gathered on the effects of imagery instructions on proactive interference are considered. PMID- 6613715 TI - Outcome prediction of inpatient alcohol detoxification. AB - A wide range of patient characteristics was assessed to determine their relative contribution upon alcohol detoxification treatment outcome. The outcome criteria were length of stay and commitment to ongoing rehabilitation, of which 17% and 24% of respective variance was accounted for by the predictor variables. The Internal-External Locus of Control scale was the most significant predictor, with internals tending toward successful treatment outcomes. The measures which tapped degree of socio-economic life satisfaction and physiological complications due to alcohol abuse, were inversely related to positive outcomes. PMID- 6613716 TI - Relapsed versus non-relapsed alcohol abusers: coping skills, life events, and social support. AB - Based on Marlatt's (1978) cognitive-behavioral relapse model and the results of several suggestive research studies, data were gathered on coping skills, life events, and social support to investigate the differences between relapsed and non-relapsed alcohol abusers. Results indicated that non-relapsers were reportedly less likely to drink and more noncompliant in problem situations, and experienced fewer negative life events and more positive life events, than relapsers. The social support results were inconclusive. PMID- 6613717 TI - Validating reports of nonsmoking with breath and saliva samples: your checkup is in the mail. AB - Reports of nonsmoking are usually validated by obtaining breath carbon monoxide levels or saliva thiocyanate levels. However, it is often not convenient to obtain such samples from persons who participated in a smoking cessation program long in the past. Obtaining the samples through the mail could help solve this problem, but it is possible that the time the samples spend in the uncontrolled environment of the mails might invalidate the measured levels. The present study was to see whether that possibility was indeed a real concern. Breath and saliva samples were collected in airtight containers and allowed to remain in an uncontrolled environment (60 degrees-80 degrees F) for 72 hours, 24 hours, and less than one hour. The results suggest that the time spent in this environment had minimal impact on the carbon monoxide or thiocyanate levels in smokers' or nonsmokers' samples. Even after 72 hours, the samples could differentiate smokers from nonsmokers with little overlap. It appears that breath and saliva samples can be conveniently obtained through the mail without sacrificing their usefulness. PMID- 6613718 TI - Contextual correlates of the duration of drinking: confirmation of ethnographic findings with a self-report instrument. AB - The present study examined the relationship between the number of drinking companions and duration of drinking events with a representative sample of adult current drinkers. The findings indicated that number of companions is significantly related to duration in both public and private settings. Drinking events are of longer duration when two or more persons are present. Age was found to interact with number of companions. Small group size tends to limit duration with young drinkers while larger groups increase duration among the oldest drinkers. These findings support and extend the results of earlier ethnographic studies. PMID- 6613719 TI - DSM-III: alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence--inter-rater diagnostic reliability. AB - In the DSM-III field trials, measures of inter-rater diagnostic agreement were obtained only for major diagnostic categories. Two diagnoses subsumed under the major diagnostic category of Substance Use Disorders are Alcohol Abuse and Alcohol Dependence. The purpose of the present study was to obtain inter-rater reliability estimates among raters given identical clinical information for the two diagnoses, for the separate criteria for each diagnosis and for the definitional components of each criterion. Intra-class correlation coefficients were obtained with results ranging from 0.07 to 0.85. The need for further statistical studies examining the specificity of definitions for the diagnostic criteria within DSM III is addressed. PMID- 6613720 TI - The use of token economy to reduce illicit drug use among methadone maintenance clients. AB - The effects of a token economy in modifying the illicit polydrug use of 97 methadone maintenance clients was investigated over a period of two and a half years. Subjects' drug-free urinalysis reports were reinforced with points which could be redeemed to obtain methadone. Each subject's daily dose level varied with the point balance. A multiple baseline analysis showed that when methadone acquisition was in part made contingent upon drug-free urinalyses, illicit drug use declined rapidly. After six months, the token economy group's urines were 14% positive for illicit drugs compared to 39% in the traditional treatment group. As time in treatment increased, illicit drug use further declined. These results suggest a more effective and practical strategy for the treatment of polydrug abusing methadone maintenance clients than has previously been available. PMID- 6613721 TI - A biomechanical and morphological analysis of human hand joints. PMID- 6613722 TI - Folyl and antifolyl polyglutamates. PMID- 6613723 TI - Improved synthetic routes to 5,8-dideazapteroylglutamates amenable to the formation of poly-gamma-L-glutamyl derivatives. AB - A variety of quinazoline analogues of folic acid (5,8-dideazafolates) are of interest as potential antineoplastic agents, biochemical probes, and/or affinity ligands for the purification of folate requiring enzymes. Chief among these are 5,8-dideazaisopteroylglutamate, 5,8-dideazaisoPteGlu, (IAHQ), a compound with proven activity against the growth of human colon adenocarcinoma cells in vitro, and 10-formyl-5,8-dideazapteroylglutamic acid, which serves as a substrate for glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase and is also an effective inhibitor of mammalian thymidylate synthase. New methods for preparing these compounds in excellent purity as determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) have been developed. In each case the carboxyl groups of L-glutamic acid are protected with t-butyl ester groups, since these can subsequently be removed readily using trifluoroacetic acid without decomposition or racemization of the final product. This approach has proven to be of particular value in the formation of gamma-L-glutamyl derivatives of IAHQ containing 1-3 additional glutamyl residues. PMID- 6613724 TI - New methods for the study of folate coenzymes: endogenous polyglutamate patterns of subcellular hepatocyte fractions and of regenerating rat liver. AB - A procedure has been developed that permits the quantitation of three different pools of one-carbon-substituted folates with the simultaneous determination of their corresponding poly-gamma-glutamyl chain lengths. Pool 1 is made up of N5,N10-methylene-tetrahydrofolates and unsubstituted tetrahydro and dihydrofolates. Pool 2 is made up solely of N5-methyl-tetrahydrofolates and pool 3 includes the folates with one-carbon-substituents at the formyl oxidation level: N5,N10-methenyl-tetrahydrofolates, N10- and N5-formyl-tetrahydrofolates, and N5-formimino-tetrahydrofolates. Conditions have been found that permit the selective cleavage of the C9-N10 bond of the folates of pools 1, 1 + 2, and 1 + 2 + 3. The cleaved folates are quantitated as the Bratton-Marshall azo-dyes of the p-amino-benzoyl-poly-gamma-glutamates (AzoGlun) after converting the uncleaved pools to Bratton-Marshall negative products. Determination of the poly-gamma glutamyl chain length of the cleaved pools is carried out by high pressure liquid chromatography of the AzoGlun comparing the elution position of each peak with that of authentic synthetic markers. Quantitation of the individual peaks is obtained by integration and by reference to an internal synthetic standard (usually AzoGlu3). To increase the sensitivity of the procedure and make it applicable to plasma or needle biopsy specimens we have developed a synthesis for [3H]-N'-naphthylethylenediamine. This compound is the one coupled to the diazotized p-aminobenzoyl-poly-gamma-glutamates to form the AzoGlun in the Bratton-Marshall test. The new methods do not require labeling the animal's folates by the prior injection of radioactive folic acid thus permitting the study of endogenous folate patterns. Applied to rat liver these methods have shown that pool 3 accounts for 44.3 +/- 7.7%, pool 2 for 36.7 +/- 4.7%, and pool 1 for 18.5 +/- 5.8% of the total folates. The pentaglutamates made up about 52% and the hexaglutamates about 42% of the folates. Hepta and tetraglutamates account for approximately 2.8 and 3.5% respectively. The cytosolic folates are predominantly hexaglutamates whereas pentaglutamates predominate in the heavy mitochondrial fraction. Profound changes in the relative proportions of the polyglutamates were observed 24 h after partial hepatectomy. There are marked increases in hepta and hexaglutamates and decreases in penta and tetraglutamates. These results support the hypothesis that changes in polyglutamate chain length are related to the regulation of one-carbon metabolism. PMID- 6613725 TI - The role of methionine in the intracellular accumulation and function of folates. AB - It is suggested that mammalian cells have evolved to respond to methionine deficiency since in such circumstances vital methylation reactions are put at risk, due to decreased levels of S-adenosyl-methionine. Enzymatic changes occurring as a result of decreased methionine, S-adenosylmethionine and S adenosylhomocysteine, optimize the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine by decreasing homocysteine catabolism and channelling cellular folates into 5 methyltetrahydropteroylglutamate (5-CH3-H4 PteGlu). The latter, in addition to optimising the remethylation cycle, directs the folate cofactors away from purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis and decreases the rate of proliferation of rapidly dividing cells thus reducing competition for methionine incorporation into proteins. Decreased cellular homocysteine, as a result of decreased methionine, would also restrict cell division by decreased conversion of plasma 5-CH3 H4PteGlu into intracellular polyglutamates. Cobalamin deficiency, either nutritional or due to exposure to the Co (I) cobalamin inactivating agent nitrous oxide, prevents the demethylation of 5-CH3-H4PteGlu, which even in the presence of adequate amounts of homocysteine and methionine prevents rapidly proliferating cells from converting enough of the plasma 5-CH3-H4 PteGlu into folylpolyglutamate forms to permit normal DNA biosynthesis and cell replication. This, together with the trapping of the cellular folate cofactors in the 5-CH3 H4PteGlu form, results in megaloblastic changes occurring in tissues such as the marrow. The vital role of the methylation reactions was demonstrated by exposing monkeys to nitrous oxide which inactivated their methionine synthetase. The resultant ataxia and severe demyelination was prevented and diminished by methionine supplementation. When methionine synthetase was similarly inactivated in mice it was shown that while 5-CH3-H4PteGlu enters mammalian cells, it is not converted into a polyglutamyl form and subsequently leaves the cell unmetabolised. In similar experiments in rats methionine was found to have only a small effect in restoring folylpolyglutamate biosynthesis, contrary to previous reports using nutritionally cobalamin deficient animals. It was found that a decrease in the deoxythymidine salvage pathway by methionine, under the experimental conditions used, has led others to the mistaken conclusion that methionine has an 'anti-folate' effect in bone marrow, i.e. that it decreases folate availability for thymidylate synthetase. PMID- 6613726 TI - The interaction of pteroylpolyglutamates with calf thymus thymidylate synthase. AB - Calf thymus thymidylate synthase was purified to homogeneity using a pteroyltetraglutamyllysine Sepharose affinity column. Inhibition of the purified enzyme by folate or methotrexate was enhanced by addition of gamma-Glu residues. Tetrahydrofolate, tetrahydropteroyltriglutamate and tetrahydropteroylheptaglutamate, all having the natural configuration at C-6, all showed similar Km values near 15 microM. Thus, although calf thymus thymidylate synthase showed a higher affinity for pteroylpolyglutamates than pteroylmonoglutamate, this was not reflected in lowered Km values with the corresponding tetrahydropteroylpolyglutamate substrates. PMID- 6613728 TI - The dementias. PMID- 6613727 TI - Differentiating dementia from nondementing conditions. PMID- 6613729 TI - Family burden and dementia. PMID- 6613730 TI - Clinical and neuropsychological assessment of Alzheimer disease. PMID- 6613731 TI - Neuropsychological investigation of memory, visuoconstructional, visuoperceptual, and language abilities in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. PMID- 6613732 TI - [Necessity and possibilities of influencing infant mortality with special reference of the District of Leipzig]. PMID- 6613733 TI - [Facilitated admission to day-care nurseries and absenteeism]. PMID- 6613734 TI - [Recording of human muscular strength. Remarks on the use of new measuring instruments and methodology]. PMID- 6613735 TI - Dermoadipose and adenadipose flaps in mammoplasty. AB - After the follow-up of breasts operated on using several breast reduction techniques that resect the glands removing its central section, we noted in the last postoperative period that with the passage of time, these breasts developed a depression on the upper pole causing a somewhat ungraceful profile and the visual impression that the breast was ptotic. It was noted that the techniques used were most concerned with mammary gland removal, without specific regard to the upper pole of the breast. Searching for an aesthetic solution for the construction and maintenance of the upper pole of the breast, we have developed two techniques in which fixation of mammary tissue flaps to the third costal arch assures both a graceful breast and pexis of the breasts. This report presents an analysis of the results of the author's experience. PMID- 6613736 TI - The management of severe capsular contractures following breast augmentation. AB - Several patients with severe capsular contracture following conventional augmentation mammoplasty with subcutaneously placed implants have had substantial improvement by replacing the implants in a submuscular position. PMID- 6613737 TI - A comparison of capsule formation following breast augmentation by saline-filled or gel-filled implants. AB - A retrospective analysis of data on 307 patients was made. The incidence of firmness in breasts augmented by saline-filled prostheses was compared to the incidence in breasts augmented by gel-filled prostheses. A statistically significant lower rate of constricting capsule formation was found in the saline inflated group. PMID- 6613738 TI - Unilateral fibrous contracture in augmentation mammoplasty. AB - Of 77 augmentation mammoplasties performed using the inframammary approach from 1977 to 1982, only 4 patients (5.1%) developed spherical fibrous capsular contracture (SFCC). In each case, contracture was unilateral. Although the etiology of SFCC is unclear, in these 4 patients casual factors include mammary aplasia (which necessitated inserting too large an implant into too small a space) hematoma formation and evacuation, inevitable violation of the fascia to treat mastopathia, and inability to move the implant after secondary insertion. PMID- 6613739 TI - Reduction malar plasty. AB - Among Caucasians, augmentation malar plasty is occasionally performed, but, most often Orientals complain of the prominent zygoma and want an oval face. The procedure of the reduction malar plasty is not reported here. Instead, this article discusses the authors' method of reduction malar plasty and presents several cases. PMID- 6613740 TI - An extended circumareolar incision for breast augmentation and gynecomastia. AB - A modification of the standard periareolar incision is described. It provides better access for augmentation mammoplasty and gynecomastia, as well as allowing for correction of asymmetry in the size and siting of the nipple-areola complex. Finally, it achieves a very slight tightening of the skin envelope in cases of minor skin laxity. PMID- 6613741 TI - Experience with "lipolysis": the Illouz technique of blunt suction lipectomy in North America. AB - "Lipolysis" or blunt suction lipectomy for modest to moderate deformities of localized fatty deposits has been carried out on a series of North American patients. The American patients were felt to be larger than the French patients with whom the procedure was developed, and thus required larger removals. Many patients showed a substantial drop in hematocrit levels following this procedure. Drains may add 400 ml to the blood loss. An obvious third space shift occurred into the operated area and can be of noteworthy magnitude. This often required hospitalization and colloid replacement. It should be anticipated that blood may have to be given. On the basis of our experience in North American patients, we have lowered our expectation for ambulatory discharge to patients undergoing removals of 650 ml or less. This may prove to be too optimistic on occasion. The "lipolysis" technique did not cause any seroma formation in patients as reported for other suction-assisted lipectomy techniques. All patients sensed early anxiety and then disappointment at the lack of "instant" results, and worry over uneven areas during weeks 2 through 6 and required constant reassurance. Prolonged massage therapy bridged this period both physically and psychologically, lightening the burden of both surgeon and patient. PMID- 6613742 TI - Mental health correlates of valid perception of nasal deformity in female applicants for aesthetic rhinoplasty. AB - Thirty-four female applicants for rhinoplasty were assessed prior to undergoing surgery by means of a measuring scale for objective evaluation of the nasal shape. This scale yields an objective nasal deformity score as well as a measure of validity of subjective perception of nasal shape (nose image) and deformity. Subjects were assessed also for identity integration by a short measure of Eriksonian identity, and for psychological well-being and self-acceptance by means of the appropriate California Psychological Inventory (CPI) scales. Degree of nasal objective deformity was found to correlate with various aspects of positive mental health, namely, identity integration, psychological well-being, and self-acceptance. Validity of nose image was also correlated with identity integration. Findings are in accord with former investigations and call attention to the need for careful selection and management of patients for rhinoplasty, especially when deformity is mild. PMID- 6613743 TI - Post-auricular open drainage to reduce postoperative bleeding in rhytidectomy. AB - In 200 patients undergoing rhytidectomy with and without additional procedures, 14 patients experienced postoperative hematoma, only 1 of which required corrective surgery under general anesthesia. Post-auricular open drainage was associated with a low rate of hematoma, i.e., 2.6% in 117 female patients in whom the drainage procedure was used. Factors affecting the probability of experiencing hematoma include male sex, elevated blood pressure, and the absence and type of drainage. PMID- 6613744 TI - Surgical correction of the "turkey neck" defect. AB - A technique of double-layered face-lifting has been used with 143 consecutive patients over the past 5 years for correction of the "turkey neck" condition. This procedure offers a satisfactory, long-lasting solution to this heretofore untreatable condition. PMID- 6613745 TI - Surgical procedures on the facial skeleton for purely aesthetic aims. AB - While the emphasis in many aesthetic plastic surgery reports is on soft tissue revisions, facial skeletal adjustments play an important role in obtaining optimal results in many procedures. A number of such instances are briefly described and representative cases are shown. PMID- 6613746 TI - Muscarinic cholinergic receptor binding in rat mast cells. AB - Specific [3H]-QNB binding was present in isolated, purified, intact rat mast cells and in crude membrane preparations. The binding is saturable, time- and temperature-dependent. Cholinergic agents inhibit selectively the binding: atropine is the most effective of the antagonists while oxotremorine is the most potent of the muscarinic agonists. It is concluded that rat mast cells are provided with muscarinic cholinergic receptors. PMID- 6613747 TI - Different concentrations of local anaesthetics have different modes of action on human lymphocytes. AB - Lidocaine and Bupivacaine inhibit in vitro 3H-TdR incorporation into peripheral lymphocytes, in a dose dependent ratio, either under PHA stimulus or not. Lidocaine added to cultures at various times from PHA stimulus show a reduced inhibition only when added after the 24th hour. This suggests a sensitizing action of PHA. Lidocaine effect on mitosis of doses between 2000 and 500 micrograms/ml was not completely reversible even when the drug was removed after only 15 min; between 200 and 50 micrograms/ml this effect is reversible. Lymphocyte viability by Trypan Blue exclusion is clearly unrelated to mitotic inhibition; it is however dose related. High Lidocaine and Bupivacaine concentration alter adhesion of cells to plastics and decrease lymphocyte aggregation by PHA. Electrophoretic mobility of lymphocytes incubated with 2000 micrograms/ml of Lidocaine is slower compared to controls; there is no change at 200 micrograms/ml. Local anaesthetics modify steric membrane structure reducing surface charge density. Increased Ca++ in the medium containing local anaesthetic increases lymphocyte stimulation index slightly only for Lidocaine and Bupivacaine doses, which neither alter membrane function nor interfere with lymphocyte viability nor electrophoretic mobility. Increased Na+ and K+ in the medium do not affect local anaesthetic action. PMID- 6613748 TI - Putrescine--a potent endogenous anti-inflammatory substance in inflammatory exudates. AB - Sponge-induced exudate from the rat and saline extracts of normal rat liver and rat liver damaged in situ by dimethylnitrosamine have been assayed for putrescine, spermidine and spermine levels. The three physiological oligoamines have been examined for anti-inflammatory activity by the carrageenan-induced oedema rat model and spermidine and putrescine were found to be anti-inflammatory with putrescine being about ten times as active as spermidine. Putrescine was also anti-inflammatory in the adjuvant arthritic rat model. Thioacetamide and theophylline were also anti-inflammatory and theophylline doubled the level of putrescine in rat liver. It was concluded that putrescine was a potent anti inflammatory factor in the inflammatory exudates and extracts examined. PMID- 6613749 TI - Desulfated carrageenans and cytotoxicity of human monocytes. PMID- 6613750 TI - Distribution of oxametacine and its anti-inflammatory metabolites in inflamed tissues of rats. AB - The anti-inflammatory drug oxametacine (1-p-chlorobenzoyl-5-methoxy-2-methyl-3 indolylacetohydroxamic acid) is extensively metabolized both in laboratory animals and in man. In rats, dosed orally with 5 mg/kg [14C]-oxametacine, there is a 2.2-2.7 fold increase in radioactivity in the inflamed tissues, in the hind paws of animals with adjuvant arthritis and in the granulomas of cotton-pellet implanted rats. The total tissue radioactivity (following two-fold extraction with methanol; recoveries being 95 +/- 3%) was distributed into the following metabolites: 34-7% oxametacine, 26-37% indomethacin, 16-46% demethylindomethacinamide, and 26-10% indomethacinamide over 2-8 h following drug administration. PMID- 6613751 TI - The effect of anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic drugs on cell accumulation onto nitrocellulose discs implanted subcutaneously into mice. AB - Nitrocellulose discs were implanted subcutaneously into mice and cell accumulation measured 96 hours later. Cell accumulation was inhibited by the anti inflammatory steroids hydrocortisone, dexamethasone and triamcinolone acetonide, but higher doses of the latter two compounds were required than are normally used in rat models of inflammation. Cell accumulation was not inhibited by the cyclo oxygenase inhibitors naproxen, indomethacin, tolmetin or aspirin, nor by the dual cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitors BW 755C and benoxaprofen. Anti rheumatic drugs such as D-penicillamine, dapsone and colchicine and the metal chelator 1,10 phenanthroline were all inactive on cell accumulation in this model. PMID- 6613752 TI - Serum biochemistry in relation to the action of azathioprine in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - In a long-term study we have been comparing biochemical changes in the blood of patients with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis (RA) when groups of patients are treated for the first time with specific anti-rheumatoid drugs for a six-month period. One such group was treated for 26 weeks with azathioprine. Biochemical and clinical assessments were made at each of 10 clinic visits during the treatment period. Side-effects prevented six patients completing the study. Clinical improvement in the remaining patients was accompanied by a reduction in acute phase proteins, increases in total serum sulphydryl and serum histidine, but little or no change in immunological variables. Comparison of correlation matrices constructed between clinical and laboratory variables for azathioprine and drugs previously tested suggests that azathioprine is more effective than a control group on aspirin alone and in some ways comparable with D-penicillamine. PMID- 6613753 TI - [Color analysis of human lens of senile cataract by fast spectrophotometric colorimeter]. PMID- 6613754 TI - [Microspectrofluorometric study of regeneration of the rabbit corneal endothelium after transcorneal freezing]. PMID- 6613755 TI - [Histo-pathological studies on the vitreous body. 1. Demonstration of the residual vitreous after vitrectomy]. PMID- 6613756 TI - [Vitreous fluorophotometry in diabetic retinopathy. (1) Correlation with age, duration of disease, retinopathy and blood glucose level]. PMID- 6613757 TI - [Ciliary blood flow in monkey eyes determined by hydrogen clearance method. 1. Procedure and normal values]. PMID- 6613758 TI - [Pathogenesis of thrombus formation in iridial vessels of diabetic patients: an electron microscopic study]. PMID- 6613759 TI - [Birdshot retinochoroidopathy as a new ocular sign of the sarcoidosis]. PMID- 6613760 TI - [Adverse effects and safety of fluoresceins]. PMID- 6613761 TI - [An immunological study on herpes simplex keratitis--the 3rd report]. PMID- 6613762 TI - [The influence of the technique of measurement on vitreous fluorophotometry]. PMID- 6613763 TI - [The influence of physicochemical factors on fluorescence of fluorescein sodium, and vitreous fluorophotometry of normal subjects]. PMID- 6613764 TI - [Structure and function of the pigment epithelial cup of the carp eye]. PMID- 6613765 TI - [Intraocular penetration of Sisomicin eye drops]. PMID- 6613766 TI - [Pathological changes of subarachnoid space in experimental allergic optic neuritis with special reference to phagocytosis]. PMID- 6613767 TI - [A follow-up of topographical changes in the corneal endothelium after cataract surgery]. PMID- 6613768 TI - [Rhythmic and nonrhythmic disc shedding of photoreceptor outer segments]. PMID- 6613770 TI - [Time-course of the off-response of the rabbit PIII at photopic intensity]. PMID- 6613769 TI - [Influence of aging on vitreous fluorophotometry]. PMID- 6613771 TI - [Accuracy of ocular biometry by B-mode echography]. PMID- 6613772 TI - [Analysis of fluorescein dynamics in the plasma after intravenous injection and calculation of the permeability of the blood-aqueous barrier]. PMID- 6613773 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic observation of the lacrymal sac]. PMID- 6613774 TI - [Effects of intraocular irrigating solutions on phagocytosis of latex particles by cultured chick retinal pigment epithelial cells]. PMID- 6613775 TI - [Studies on tilted disc syndrome]. PMID- 6613776 TI - [Effects of topical indomethacin on response and postsurgical inflammation in planned extracapsular cataract extraction and lens phacoemulsification]. PMID- 6613777 TI - [Ophthamological manifestations of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]. PMID- 6613778 TI - Effect of dietary fat quality and vitamin E on the antioxidant potential of pigs. PMID- 6613779 TI - Copper toxicosis in Bedlington Terriers. PMID- 6613780 TI - Spontaneous aortic lesions in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L). PMID- 6613781 TI - The effect of exercise on blood parameters in standardbred and Finnish-bred horses. PMID- 6613782 TI - Cholinesterase levels in blood plasma and erythrocytes from calves, normal delivering cows and cows suffering from parturient paresis. PMID- 6613783 TI - Wild animal mycobacterial isolates. Characterization by cellular fatty acid composition and polar lipid patterns. PMID- 6613784 TI - Mycoplasmas: demonstration in semen and preputial washings from bulls. PMID- 6613785 TI - Freeze-resistance of Trichinella cysts in polar bears from the high-arctic region of Norway (Svalbard). PMID- 6613786 TI - Beyond the rigid dressing: pre-prosthetic ambulation for the below knee-amputee. PMID- 6613787 TI - The AMA and dioxin. PMID- 6613788 TI - No more bendectin. PMID- 6613789 TI - The DST in depression. PMID- 6613790 TI - The spiritual dimension in family practice. PMID- 6613791 TI - Status epilepticus. AB - Status epilepticus is a medical emergency. Recent experimental studies have shown that permanent brain damage can occur after only 60 minutes of uncontrolled seizure activity. Cardiac arrhythmias are a common cause of death. Other complications include rhabdomyolysis, acute tubular necrosis and neurogenic pulmonary edema. Management is divided into three phases: stabilization of the patient, termination of the seizures and diagnostic evaluation. PMID- 6613792 TI - Skull fractures. PMID- 6613793 TI - Polythelia and associated conditions. AB - Polythelia (congenital supernumerary nipples) is a marker for more serious anomalies of the urinary and cardiovascular systems. It is associated with obstructive abnormalities of the kidney or the renal collecting system, renal agenesis, renal cell carcinoma, supernumerary kidneys, cardiac conduction disturbances and congenital heart disease. PMID- 6613794 TI - Pressure sores. AB - Pressure, hygiene, spasticity and chronic infection are the important local factors in pressure ulceration. Hypoproteinemia, nutritional deficiency and anemia are the systemic factors. Careful attention to local wound care and dietary supplements is required. Muscle and myocutaneous flaps may provide better coverage than the traditional random pattern flaps. Flaps with sensibility have theoretic advantages but need further investigation. PMID- 6613795 TI - Ambulation of the institutionalized elderly. AB - In institutions where the necessary personnel are available and a high level of motivation can be cultivated, regular ambulation for most elderly patients can be accomplished with relative ease and unmatched cost-effectiveness. Ambulation has a positive effect on the elderly patient's desire to live. The activity provides both emotional and physiologic benefits. PMID- 6613796 TI - Hyperlipidemia. AB - Ten percent of the U.S. population has hyperlipidemia. The most commonly encountered phenotypes include Type IIa, Type IIb and Type IV. Anion-exchange resins are the drugs of choice for hypercholesterolemia, while gemfibrozil is the preferred agent for massive hypertriglyceridemia. Clofibrate is the drug of choice for the rare Type III hyperlipidemia. Successful management begins with evaluation of the total clinical picture, including genetic factors, measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides, and visual examination of the serum. PMID- 6613797 TI - Psychiatric disorders during pregnancy. AB - For complete care of the pregnant patient, an understanding of the psychologic aspects of pregnancy is essential. Psychologic dysfunction must be recognized early and the need for consultation presented to the patient in a nonthreatening manner. Most psychotropic drugs can be used safely. Medication should be continued as long as the benefits outweigh the risks. The postpartum period requires special attention. While approximately 16 percent of all women have emotional dysfunction during pregnancy, the postpartum incidence has been reported to be as high as 50 percent. PMID- 6613798 TI - New approaches in treating abdominal abscesses. AB - Ultrasonography, computed tomography and radionuclide scintigraphy are changing the management of patients with intra-abdominal abscesses. Traditional surgical incision and drainage may not be necessary in all cases. Percutaneous catheter drainage using radiologic techniques has a high success rate. Although there are factors that preclude the use of percutaneous catheter drainage of an abscess, it nonetheless may be an alternative in certain situations. PMID- 6613799 TI - Traveler's diarrhea. PMID- 6613800 TI - Heel pain in athletes. PMID- 6613801 TI - Chalktalk for the team physician. AB - In our sports-oriented society, a knowledgeable family physician can provide total care for the athlete--from the initial screening history and physical examination to the treatment of acute and chronic conditions. A special awareness of injury mechanisms and appropriate treatment methods is required to make sports medicine a rewarding experience for the athlete and the physician. PMID- 6613802 TI - Preventing accidents and injuries in children. PMID- 6613804 TI - Paracentesis. PMID- 6613803 TI - Pregnancy and immunization. PMID- 6613805 TI - Junctional automatic ectopic tachycardia: new proposed treatment by transcatheter His bundle ablation. AB - Three infants with junctional automatic ectopic tachycardia (JET) were seen over an 8-month period. Each had decreased left ventricular function. Two were treated with amiodarone, which together with propranolol reduced the tachycardia rate 10 to 40 bpm, but did not result in sinus rhythm. One patient died suddenly at home, as had 50% of our patients with JET treated with conventional medication. Two patients were treated by transcatheter ablation of the bundle of His and implantation of an atrial synchronous pacemaker. Neither has had subsequent tachycardia or required drugs. One patient resumed sinus rhythm and does not use his pacemaker. The other patient has complete AV block and continues to use her pacemaker. This aggressive approach to this lethal dysrhythmia offers hope for prevention of the former bad prognosis. PMID- 6613806 TI - Electrophysiologic and myocardial metabolic changes in the acute phase of partial coronary occlusion. AB - The acute effects of the partial reduction of coronary blood flow (CBF) on electrical and metabolic changes in myocardium were studied in 59 dogs. In seven dogs with a CBF reduction of 20% to 49%, the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content (3.59 +/- 0.45 mumol/gm) and the width of the composite electrogram (54 +/- 5 msec) were not significantly different from those of 14 control dogs. In 14 dogs with a CBF reduction of 50% to 74%, ATP decreased significantly (3.09 +/- 0.30 mumol/gm, p less than 0.01); however, widening of the composite electrogram was not noted. Malignant ventricular arrhythmias developed in 5 of 10 dogs with a CBF reduction of 75% to 90% and 6 of 14 dogs with a 100% occlusion, but in none of the dogs with a CBF reduction of less than 75%. Marked widening of the composite electrogram (94 +/- 42 msec, p less than 0.05; and 115 +/- 54 msec, p less than 0.001) and further decrease in ATP (2.49 +/- 0.28 mumol/gm, p less than 0.001; and 2.66 +/- 0.45 mumol/gm, p less than 0.05) were noted in these two groups with a CBF reduction of greater than or equal to 75%. In conclusion, more advanced ischemia was mandatory for electrical derangements than for metabolic deterioration. PMID- 6613808 TI - Verapamil for unstable angina at rest: a short-term randomized, double-blind study. AB - To assess the efficacy of verapamil in individuals with unstable angina at rest, 11 patients (five men and six women, average age 55 years) with recurrent chest pain at rest and transient ST segment deviation (elevation or depression greater than or equal to 0.1 mV) on continuous ECG monitoring were enrolled in a 3-day double-blind, randomized study. The day before randomization (day 1), all received single-blind placebo. On day 2 they were randomized to placebo (n = 6) or verapamil, 320 mg per day (n = 5). On placebo, the number of chest pains (day 1, 2.8 +/- 2.1; day 2, 2.2 +/- 2.5; NS), nitroglycerin used (day 1, 2.7 +/- 4.4 tablets; day 2, 2.2 +/- 3.5 tablets; NS), and ST segment deviations (day 1, 8.5 +/- 5.9; day 2, 5.3 +/- 7.1; NS) did not change. On verapamil, the number of chest pains (day 1, 5.4 +/- 2.2; day 2, 1.6 +/- 2.1; p less than 0.01), nitroglycerin used (day 1, 5.0 +/- 4.5 tablets; day 2, 1.6 +/- 2.6 tablets; p = 0.057), and ST segment deviations (day 1, 12.6 +/- 4.7; day 2, 6.2 +/- 6.2; p less than 0.05) fell. Since five of six placebo patients had frequent chest pain and ST segment deviations on day 2, they were changed blindly to verapamil, 320 mg per day. Of the five verapamil patients, three had no chest pain or ST segment deviations on day 2, but two had continued chest pain and ST segment deviations and were increased blindly to 480 mg verapamil per day. Of the eight patients given verapamil (320 mg per day) on day 3, five had chest pain or ST segment deviations and were increased blindly to 480 mg verapamil per day on day 4. Of the seven who received 480 mg verapamil per day on day 4, three had chest pain and ST segment deviations similar in frequency to that occurring on day 1. Thus in patients with unstable angina at rest, verapamil exerts an initial beneficial effect, but in some individuals this salutary influence is not sustained. PMID- 6613807 TI - Serial radionuclide assessment of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in cancer patients with abnormal baseline resting left ventricular performance. AB - While previous studies have demonstrated that sequential radionuclide angiocardiography allows identification of patients at risk for development of congestive heart failure and prediction of the appropriate time for safe discontinuation of doxorubicin, these studies were based predominantly on patients with normal baseline left ventricular performance. This study addresses the use of doxorubicin in patients with abnormal left ventricular ejection fraction (less than 55%) prior to drug administration. Of 337 patients referred for evaluation of left ventricular performance prior to doxorubicin therapy during a 36-month period, 45 (13%) had abnormal baseline left ventricular performance determined by first-pass radionuclide angiocardiography. Sixteen patients had antecedent cardiovascular disease, and 16 patients had received thoracic radiation, while only four patients had both. Left ventricular ejection fraction in each of these subgroups was comparable. In 7 of 16 patients who only had a baseline determination of left ventricular function, doxorubicin was not administered because of a significant concern for the potential risk of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. In the group of 29 patients followed sequentially over 3 to 15 months (mean, 6 months), there was no significant difference between baseline and final left ventricular ejection fraction (48 +/- 5 vs 47 +/- 9%, p = NS). Only in the 12 patients who received greater than or equal to 350 mg/m2 cumulative dose was there a small but significant fall in left ventricular ejection fraction (48 +/- 4 vs 43 +/- 8%, p less than 0.05). Only one patient developed congestive heart failure. This study demonstrates that doxorubicin can be administered safely to patients with abnormal baseline left ventricular performance using serial radionuclide studies as a means of monitoring therapy. Guidelines for doxorubicin therapy in these patients have been developed. PMID- 6613809 TI - Catheter-induced coronary artery spasm: an angiographic manifestation of vasospastic angina? AB - During a 4-year period, 33 patients with angiographic coronary artery spasm in the absence of significant fixed occlusive disease were reviewed. Sixteen patients had typical variant angina and 17 had catheter-induced spasm. All patients had one or more episodes of rest angina. Left ventriculography demonstrated mitral valve prolapse in 14 patients (42%) and end-systolic cavity obliteration in six (18%). Spasm was demonstrated to occur in the right coronary artery in 26 patients and in the left coronary artery in seven. Two patients had multivessel spasm. Comparing patients with variant angina and catheter-induced spasm demonstrated no significant difference in clinical, ECG, or angiographic parameters. Two patients with catheter-induced spasm had healed myocardial infarctions and both developed spontaneous non catheter-induced spasm in the infarct vessel. The majority of patients responded to long-acting nitrate therapy, though those with catheter-induced spasm tended to have more recurrent chest pain. Six patients were placed on calcium antagonist drugs with marked symptomatic improvement in five. This study suggests that patients with catheter induced spasm are similar to those with variant angina and its angiographic documentation may be a marker for the identification of patients with vasospastic angina. PMID- 6613810 TI - Effects of nonsurgical myocardial reperfusion on plasma creatine kinase kinetics in man. AB - The rate and form of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) enzyme release following reflow to ischemic myocardium has not been specifically examined in man. In this investigation, we examined the combined CK-MB time-activity curves during acute transmural myocardial infarction (AMI) in a group of patients receiving conventional therapy (CAMI) (n = 109), and in a group of nine patients with successful reperfusion by fibrinolytic therapy (RAMI). The average time of reflow in the latter group was 4.2 +/- 1.7 hours (mean +/- SD) following the onset of symptoms. The average time-to-peak CK-MB for the CAMI group was 18.3 +/- 5.5 hours and for RAMI it was 9.9 +/- 1.1 p less than 0.001). At hour 4 (about the time of reflow), the two groups had similar CK-MB elevations (CAMI = 11 +/- 7, RAMI = 13 +/- 11 LU/L). By hour 6 (reflow + 2 hours), the RAMI CK-MB values were significantly higher (55 +/- 33 vs 20 +/- 15 IU/L, p less than 0.02) than the CAMI group, demonstrating an increase in the release rate of CK-MB associated with reperfusion. We conclude that in man, reflow to the ischemic myocardium significantly augments the release rate of CK-MB. PMID- 6613811 TI - Effects of glucose on the transmembrane potential of hypoxic canine ventricular muscle fibers. AB - Since the introduction of glucose-insulin-potassium therapy for acute myocardial infarction 20 years ago, there have been many attempts to determine the efficacy of this treatment. Some trials have shown that this therapy is antiarrhythmic and others have found no benefit. In this study we demonstrate that concentrations of glucose found to be antiarrhythmic in recent clinical trials exert favorable effects on resting membrane potential, overshoot, and rising velocity in hypoxic canine heart cells. The refractory period, shortened by hypoxia, is also significantly lengthened by extra glucose. All of these single-cell effects are potentially antiarrhythmic and may explain the effectiveness of this therapy. PMID- 6613812 TI - Influence of coronary vasodilation on the transmural distribution of myocardial blood flow distal to a severe fixed coronary artery stenosis. PMID- 6613814 TI - Angiographic study of the infarct-related coronary artery in the chronic stage of acute myocardial infarction. AB - We and others have demonstrated a high prevalence of total coronary occlusion during the acute phase of myocardial infarction (MI). This study reports the angiographic appearance of the infarct-related artery (IRA) in 130 patients with a history of MI, who underwent cardiac catheterization 2 weeks to more than 12 months afterwards. The IRA was the left anterior descending in 47%, the right coronary artery in 50%, and the circumflex in 3% of cases. Total coronary occlusion was found in 80% of patients studied 2 to 4 weeks after MI, and decreased gradually reaching 40% of those studied after 12 months of MI. In those patients with a patent IRA, severe stenosis remained: 99% obstruction at 2 to 4 weeks, decreasing to 85.9% obstruction after 12 months (p less than 0.005). The prevalence of total coronary occlusion (TCO) and the severity of stenosis in those without TCO was similar in those with transmural or nontransmural MI and in those with one-, two- or three-vessel disease. This study suggests that endogenous lysis is probably a slow process, and that severe coronary narrowing persists in those with recanalization. PMID- 6613813 TI - Value and limitations of myocardial thallium washout rate in the noninvasive diagnosis of patients with triple-vessel coronary artery disease. PMID- 6613815 TI - Electrophysiologic evaluation of syncope in patients with bifascicular block. AB - Thirteen patients with syncope and bifascicular block were evaluated by electrophysiologic study (EPS) including programmed stimulation. The mean age was 62 years. Six patients had coronary artery disease, three had cardiomyopathy, and four showed no evidence of organic heart disease. Holter monitoring and neurologic evaluation were nondiagnostic in all patients prior to EPS. EPS demonstrated inducible ventricular tachycardia (VT) in four patients, an HV interval greater than or equal to 70 msec in four, intra- and infra-His block with atrial pacing in one, and was nondiagnostic in four patients. Four of six patients with an HV interval greater than or equal to 70 msec or pacing-induced infranodal block were treated with permanent pacemakers, four of four patients with VT received antiarrhythmic therapy, and three of four patients with nondiagnostic studies received no therapy (one patient received a permanent pacemaker). During a mean follow-up period of 19 months (range 3 to 60 months) all but three patients have been free of syncope. One patient with VT did not take prescribed antiarrhythmic therapy, another patient with VT died suddenly; the remaining patient had a normal study and basilar migraines were subsequently diagnosed. We conclude that: (1) ventricular tachycardia may be a significant cause of syncope in patients with bifascicular block and was induced by programmed stimulation in approximately one third of patients studied; (2) EPS including programmed stimulation is helpful in delineating both the etiology of syncope and appropriate treatment in patients with bifascicular block. A negative study may also be of prognostic value. PMID- 6613817 TI - Sleep and ventricular arrhythmias. AB - Sleep is usually associated with a reduction in the frequency of ventricular arrhythmias. We analyzed 1260 24-hour Holter recordings exhibiting ventricular ectopy and identified 50 patients who had significant increases in sleep-related ectopy. This study group was compared to an age, sex, and 24-hour ventricular ectopic frequency matched control group. There were 21 females and 29 males with a mean age of 64 years in each group. During sleep, the study patients had more frequency of ventricular ectopy per hour than did controls (mean +/- SEM; 143.2 +/- 30.7 vs 62.9 +/- 16.3; p less than 0.005). The study group had fewer daytime ventricular premature beats per hour than did the control patients (45.2 +/- 13.6 vs 67.7 +/- 13.8; p less than 0.05). The study patients also exhibited a significant sleep-related increase in complexity of ventricular arrhythmias (chi 2 = 22.1; p less than 0.001) and the control group a decrease (chi 2 = 19.1; p less 0.001). Nocturnal heart rates were slower than daytime rates in both the study (69.4 +/- 14.5 vs 79.2 +/- 12.2 bpm; p less than 0.005) and control groups (75.5 +/- 15.8 vs 82.6 +/- 16.4 bpm; p less than 0.005), without significant differences between the two groups. No significant differences in clinical and ECG characteristics of the study and control groups were found regarding presence or type of organic heart disease, pulmonary disease, hypertension, medication use, intraventricular conduction delay, abnormal Q waves, ventricular hypertrophy, or QT prolongation. Neurologic abnormalities (60% vs 28%; chi 2 = 9.38 p less than 0.005), in particular cerebrovascular disease (30% vs 14%; chi 2 = 7.56; p less than 0.01), were significantly more common in the study group. We have identified a subgroup of individuals with ventricular ectopy who increase the frequency and complexity of premature ventricular beats during sleep. The higher prevalence of neurologic disease in these individuals suggests a neurologic or neurohumoral mediation of these arrhythmias. PMID- 6613816 TI - Sensitivity of various extrastimulus techniques in patients with serious ventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 6613818 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiographic differentiation of anomalous left coronary artery from congestive cardiomyopathy. AB - Infants having anomalous origin of the left coronary artery (ALCA) from the pulmonary artery may at times be difficult to distinguish clinically from those having a congestive cardiomyopathy (CCM). Five children having ALCA and 15 having CCM were studied by two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) and angiography. The left coronary artery (LCA) was demonstrated by 2DE to arise normally in all children having CCM. The LCA aortic ostium was not recorded in any child with ALCA; however, the LCA was recorded in three patients. The 2DE recorded the LCA originating from the pulmonary artery in two of these infants. A prominent right coronary artery was seen in all patients with ALCA. Thus 2DE is helpful in distinguishing patients having ALCA from those with CCM. PMID- 6613819 TI - Ambulatory blood pressure in healthy normotensive males. AB - Noninvasive ambulatory blood pressure examinations were obtained during 24 hours in 72 healthy normotensive males. Blood pressure and heart rate measurements were analyzed for the mean 24-hour work, home, and sleep periods, for the percent of elevated blood pressure readings, and for the hourly maximum and minimum blood pressure by age per decade. Mean 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure showed no significant differences (p greater than 0.05) for systolic blood pressures among the age groups, but lower diastolic blood pressures were found in males younger than age 40 (p less than 0.05). Few differences existed between mean ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressures obtained during the work or home periods, but a significant (p less than 0.01) lowering of mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure occurred during sleep for each age group. There was a trend of an increasing percent of elevated blood pressure measurements with increasing age, although mean blood pressures within each activity period showed few differences. Ninety-two percent of subjects showed their hour of maximum blood pressure during wake activity with broad variability in either the work or home period, whereas 86% of subjects uniformly demonstrated their minimum blood pressure in the early morning hours. PMID- 6613820 TI - Sensitivity and specificity of Minnesota Code Q-QS abnormalities in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction verified at autopsy. PMID- 6613821 TI - Myocardial infarction, oral contraception, cigarette smoking, and coronary artery spasm in young women. PMID- 6613822 TI - Diagnostic angiocardiographic criteria in dysplastic stenotic pulmonic valve. PMID- 6613823 TI - Combined echo-phonocardiographic diagnosis of mitral perivalvular leak with Bjork Shiley and Starr-Edwards prostheses. PMID- 6613824 TI - Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia with second-degree AV nodal block. PMID- 6613825 TI - High-grade arrhythmias in well-trained runners. PMID- 6613826 TI - Pulmonary vasodilators in postoperative pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 6613827 TI - Transient Q waves and reversible cardiac failure during myocardial ischemia: electrical and mechanical stunning of the heart. PMID- 6613828 TI - Toward explaining the decline in coronary heart disease mortality. PMID- 6613829 TI - Amiodarone: basic concepts and clinical applications. May 9-10, 1983 Bethesda, Maryland. PMID- 6613830 TI - Amiodarone pharmacokinetics. AB - The single-dose pharmacokinetics of amiodarone have been studied in volunteer subjects given 400 mg doses by the intravenous and oral routes. The data show the compound to have a very large volume of distribution, a low total clearance, and a long and variable terminal elimination half-life. In patients the terminal elimination half-life was on the order of 40 days, with a more rapid phase of elimination in the first few days following the withdrawal of therapy. The terminal elimination half-life of desethylamiodarone was longer than that of the parent compound. High concentrations of amiodarone and its desethyl metabolite were found in tissue samples, with fat forming a potentially large tissue reservoir of the drug. PMID- 6613831 TI - Hemodynamic effects of intravenous amiodarone in patients with depressed left ventricular function and recurrent ventricular tachycardia. AB - The systemic hemodynamic effects of intravenously administered amiodarone were evaluated in patients with depressed left ventricular function and recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia. Heart rate decreased linearly up to 1 hour after amiodarone infusion (5 mg/kg). Cardiac index varied in a cubic fashion, diminishing at 10 minutes and returning to baseline by 60 minutes (p less than 0.05). Stroke work index also showed a similar decrease at 10 minutes, which was transient (p less than 0.005). These changes occurred without any significant change in systemic vascular resistance and with slight or no increase in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, indicating a negative inotropic effect of amiodarone. The depression of left ventricular function in these patients, however, was mild and transient, and intravenously administered amiodarone was tolerated by the vast majority of patients. In two patients with overt heart failure and severely depressed left ventricular ejection fraction and marked hemodynamic abnormalities, profound hypotension occurred during amiodarone therapy; in such patients, therefore, hemodynamic monitoring is preferable. Limited data are available on the hemodynamic effects of orally administered amiodarone, but the determination of left ventricular ejection fraction by radionuclide ventriculography before and during long-term amiodarone administration has shown no reduction of function even in patients with severely reduced myocardial performance. PMID- 6613832 TI - Efficacy of amiodarone for refractory supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. AB - Amiodarone was administered to 121 patients (82 males, 39 females; average age 59 years) with refractory atrial tachyarrhythmias. All patients had experienced recurrent atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, or reentrant supraventricular tachycardia previously refractory to digitalis drugs, beta-adrenergic blocking agents, and an array of membrance-active preparations. Seventy-four of 121 patients (61.2%) had no evidence of organic heart disease, whereas 17 patients experienced arrhythmia as a result of coronary heart disease, nine had preexcitation syndromes, 16 had primary valvular heart disease, and five patients, had congenital heart disease. Atrial fibrillation alone or in combination with atrial flutter was the primary dysrhythmia in 95 of 121 patients (78.5%), whereas in 26 patients (21.5%) supraventricular tachycardia was the primary refractory dysrhythmia. Fifty-one patients (42%) had experienced tachyarrhythmias for more than 10 years prior to the use of amiodarone. During an average follow-up of 27.3 months, complete suppression of atrial arrhythmias occurred in 98 of 121 patients (81%), and partial suppression occurred in seven (5.8%). In 16 patients (13.2%) the drug was deemed ineffective, and in eight patients (6.6%) amiodarone was discontinued because of intolerable side effects. The average blood serum concentration among successfully treated patients was 1.9 micrograms/ml, whereas the average concentration for those with side effects was 2.3 micrograms/ml. Thus, amiodarone is an extremely effective (greater than 85%) agent for refractory atrial tachyarrhythmias. Once daily administration, generally tolerable side effects, and excellent patient tolerance render this agent an attractive option for the management of these dysrhythmias. PMID- 6613833 TI - Effect of amiodarone in paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia with or without Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. AB - In Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, the two most commonly occurring arrhythmias are circus movement tachycardia (CMT) and atrial fibrillation (AF). In 70% of patients with clinically documented CMT in whom the arrhythmia could be initiated by programmed electrical stimulation of the heart, the same CMT could still be initiated after long-term oral amiodarone administration. Spontaneous clinical recurrence of the arrhythmia was, however, observed in only 10% of patients. This finding suggests that the beneficial effect of amiodarone on CMT is primarily based on the prevention of the CMT-initiating premature beat. This may also apply to atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, in which amiodarone is also extremely effective in preventing relapses. The role of amiodarone in other forms of reentrant, or ectopic, supraventricular tachycardias is less well defined. During AF in WPW syndrome, the ventricular rate is related to the duration of the anterograde refractory period of the accessory pathway. Amiodarone prolongs this value, resulting in the reduction of ventricular rate during AF. Unfortunately, in the presence of a short anterograde refractory period of the accessory pathway, amiodarone results in only a small amount of lengthening of this value. In these patients the beneficial effect of amiodarone may primarily be related to the prevention of episodes of AF. We also found that the effect of oral amiodarone on the duration of the anterograde refractory period of the accessory pathway can (1) be abolished by sympathetic stimulation with isoproterenol and (2) be predicted from the effect of ajmaline or procainamide given intravenously. These observations clearly have practical clinical implications. PMID- 6613834 TI - Ventricular arrhythmias: use of electrophysiologic studies. AB - The clinical utility of electrophysiologic testing in assessing the long-term efficacy of amiodarone for treatment of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias is controversial, most investigators reporting little or no correlation between the early effects of the drug on arrhythmia inducibility and subsequent prognosis. We have evaluated 69 consecutive patients given amiodarone for ventricular tachycardia (VT) or fibrillation (VF). All patients underwent provocative electrophysiologic testing with programmed electrical stimulation before and after amiodarone loading. After a standardized amiodarone loading regimen, the patients' arrhythmias were not inducible in 22 patients (group 1) and remained inducible in 47 patients (group 2). No patient in group 1 has had a recurrence of VT/VF, whereas 15 (32%) of 47 patients in group 2 have had recurrences. The characteristics of the arrhythmia induced by programmed stimulation in group 2 accurately predicted the severity of the recurrence. We conclude that electrophysiologic testing may be useful in evaluating the efficacy of amiodarone for the long-term treatment of VT/VF and that its precise role in this context should be further investigated by stringently controlled studies. PMID- 6613835 TI - Clinical efficacy of amiodarone in treatment of recurrent ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. AB - The clinical antiarrhythmic efficacy of amiodarone treatment was examined in 196 patients with recurrent ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) resistant to other antiarrhythmic drugs. Patients had received a mean of 4.4 +/- 1.9 unsuccessful drug trials over a mean of 15.2 months prior to amiodarone treatment of recurrent VF in 57 patients; recurrent, sustained VT in 95 patients; and recurrent, nonsustained VT in 44 patients. Amiodarone dosage during the first 2 to 4 weeks of treatment was 800 to 1600 mg/day. During long-term follow-up, amiodarone dosage was reduced to 200 to 600 mg/day, based on the control of arrhythmia and patient tolerance. Electrophysiologic studies were performed prior to and after 2 or more weeks of amiodarone treatment. After a mean follow-up of 16.2 +/- 13.0 months, 126 (64%) of 196 patients continued successful treatment with amiodarone. At electrophysiologic study, amiodarone prevented VT induction in 13 patients, and although VT was induced in 101 patients, 80 patients continued treatment for 14.2 months without recurrence of spontaneous VT. Amiodarone treatment was discontinued because of recurrent VT in 22 patients, sudden cardiac death in 15 patients, adverse effects in 12 patients, and noncardiac death in 21 patients. In nine patients, recurrent VT/VF appeared related to amiodarone-induced exacerbation of arrhythmia. Pulmonary toxicity occurred in seven patients, and 19 patients developed blue skin discoloration. Other adverse effects were usually dosage related. In summary, amiodarone was a highly effective antiarrhythmic drug, but at the dosages employed, the risk of significant adverse effects warrants careful surveillance during treatment. PMID- 6613837 TI - Ocular effects in long-term amiodarone therapy. AB - The ocular complications of long-term amiodarone therapy have been recognized for many years, but systematic data on the prognostic significance and the precise incidence of such effects have not been evaluated until recently. One hundred seventy-five patients receiving long-term amiodarone treatment have thus been followed for periods ranging from 3 months to nearly 10 years. Of 103 of these patients studied in greater depth, 98% have shown the characteristic patterns of corneal microdeposits, which progressed over several months and ultimately formed a stable appearance that changed only with an alteration of dose. The abnormalities, the nature of which is not clearly understood, disappeared within 7 months in the 16 patients whose drug was withdrawn for unrelated reasons, and no permanent ocular damage has been detected. Visual symptoms associated with the corneal deposits developed in 6% of patients: 3% had photophobia, 2% halos, and 1% blurring of vision but without impairment of visual acuity. It is concluded that ocular complications of amiodarone therapy are insignificant; they do not pose a threat to vision, and routine ophthalmologic surveillance does not appear mandatory in the majority of patients during long-term drug therapy. PMID- 6613836 TI - Control of sudden recurrent arrhythmic deaths: role of amiodarone. AB - Patients resuscitated after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest have electrical instability of the myocardium, with 30% to 40% propensity for recurrent arrest in the first year. About 85% to 90% of such patients have complex ventricular ectopy and runs of ventricular tachycardia; in 70% to 80%, ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation are inducible by programmed electrical stimulation. The attempt to control recurrent cardiac arrest using these parameters and conventional antiarrhythmic drugs has yielded conflicting or variable results. Amiodarone was therefore studied in 40 consecutive patients (with previous cardiac arrests) in whom conventional antiarrhythmic therapy had proved ineffective or was not tolerated. The mean ejection fraction of the group was 0.29 +/- 0.12. At a mean follow-up of 16 months (range 5 to 40 months) six patients had died, three from heart failure, one from liver failure (not drug induced), and two from sudden (presumably arrhythmic) death. Late occurrences of arrhythmia were found in two patients (complicated by digitalis intoxication in one). Ambulatory ECG recordings showed that amiodarone had a potent suppressant effect on ventricular ectopy and runs of VT, but electrophysiologic studies demonstrated that it did not inhibit inducible VT/VF in greater than 65% despite an excellent clinical outcome. Limiting adverse reaction was seen in only one patient; other relatively minor side effects occurred in 10% to 15% of patients receiving maintenance therapy. Our data provide further evidence for the effectiveness of amiodarone in life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, with a potential for the prolongation of survival in patients resuscitated after out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. PMID- 6613838 TI - Side effects and possible contraindications of amiodarone use. AB - With the increasing use of amiodarone, several unwanted effects have been recognized. We reviewed 140 patients treated with amiodarone over a 5-year period in an attempt to identify patients at risk, to assess the incidence of these effects and their possible relation to dose, and to determine their outcome. The most common effect was photosensitivity (57% of patients responding to a questionnaire), whereas asymptomatic corneal microdeposits were found in all patients undergoing ophthalmologic examination. In contrast, symptomatic eye changes (colored halos) and slate-gray skin pigmentation were rare. Of the metabolic alterations, the rise in hepatic enzymes correlated with dose and plasma drug and metabolite concentrations (r = 0.59, p less than 0.001; r = 0.62, p less than 0.001, respectively) but was not associated with clinical disease. This relation to dose was not evident in patients developing clinical thyroid abnormalities (two hypothyroidism, two hyperthyroidism), all of whom had normal thyroid function prior to therapy. Four of the five hypothyroid patients were over 70 years of age. No patients developed peripheral neuropathy, but tremor and sleeplessness were common complaints (30% and 28% of patients, respectively) that responded to a decrease in dose. One patient with an abnormal chest x-ray film prior to therapy developed pulmonary fibrosis. We suggest the restricted use of high doses of amiodarone for protracted periods. Patients at particular risk are the older age group (hypothyroidism) and those with abnormal lung function prior to therapy who may be predisposed to pulmonary alveolitis. Most of the observed unwanted effects resolve when amiodarone is decreased in dose or discontinued. PMID- 6613840 TI - Efficacy and safety of long-term amiodarone in treatment of cardiac arrhythmias: dosage experience. PMID- 6613839 TI - Relationships between amiodarone dosage, drug concentrations, and adverse side effects. AB - The relationships between size of loading dose and drug concentration, size of maintenance dose and drug concentration, and pulmonary and cutaneous adverse side effects and drug dosage were examined in patients given amiodarone. Amiodarone and metabolite concentrations in plasma and red cell samples were measured by specific high-pressure liquid chromatography. During drug loading, a daily dose schedule of 1600 mg/day produced significantly higher drug concentrations than did a loading dose schedule of 800 mg/day. During maintenance therapy, amiodarone dosage correlated with drug concentrations but with a wide interpatient variability for any given dosage level. The ratio of desethylamiodarone to amiodarone remained relatively constant over different dosage or drug concentration ranges, but increased with duration of treatment, suggesting a time dependent metabolic function that may be analogous to the time-dependent attainment of maximal antiarrhythmic effect. The occurrence of pulmonary toxicity from amiodarone was not related to duration of treatment or cumulative dose of drug, buy may relate to the magnitude of the maintenance dose of amiodarone. Blue skin discoloration occurred in 19 (36%) of 53 patients receiving amiodarone for longer than 17 months, and may relate to the cumulative dose. PMID- 6613841 TI - Evaluation of amiodarone therapy in the treatment of drug-resistant cardiac arrhythmias: long-term follow-up. AB - The clinical efficacy of amiodarone in the management of complex cardiac arrhythmias refractory to therapy with two or more conventional or other investigational antiarrhythmic agents was determined by long-term follow-up in patients who had received the drug for at least 3 months. A total of 181 patients, classified into four groups (group 1, supraventricular arrhythmias, n = 42; group 2, frequent ventricular premature complexes, n = 46; group 3, nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, n = 16; and group 4, sustained ventricular tachycardia, n = 77) received a daily maintenance dose of 200 to 800 mg amiodarone for up to 30 months. There was a total of 26 deaths (14%). Ten of these were probably attributable to arrhythmia, although all patients had either good or excellent response to therapy over a mean follow-up of 14.9 months prior to death. The drug had to be permanently discontinued because of side effects in only three patients, and in the majority of patients with side effects, symptoms could be alleviated with adjustment of dosage, thyroid replacement therapy, or temporary cessation of therapy. We conclude that amiodarone is highly effective in high-risk patients with complex refractory cardiac arrhythmias, and that close monitoring and prompt recognition of side effects and appropriate adjustment of dosage or institution of supplemental or replacement therapy (in less than 5% of patients) will allow continuation of amiodarone. The benefit of suppression of symptomatic arrhythmias and the potential of prevention of sudden death clearly outweigh the modest incidence of severe side effects. PMID- 6613843 TI - Ten years of experience with amiodarone. AB - Arrhythmias may be controlled in most patients with recurrent supraventricular tachycardia or atrial fibrillation with small to moderate maintenance doses of amiodarone (100 to 400 mg/day). Moderate doses (400 mg/day) are also highly effective in suppressing "warning" ventricular arrhythmias in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease, particularly if the goal of treatment is to eliminate ventricular couplets, runs of ventricular tachycardia (VT), and the "R on T" phenomenon. Treatment and prevention of sustained recurrent VT and the malignant arrhythmias of chagasic myocarditis require, however, doses of about 800 mg/day, which may be higher than those needed for ischemic heart disease complicated by VT and ventricular fibrillation. Clinical studies suggest an elimination half-life for amiodarone of about 30 days (range 15 to 100 days). Thus there is a pretherapeutic latency period that varies according to the type of arrhythmia and the doses employed. The maximal effects (as well as the most significant adverse effects) are not attained before 90 to 150 days of treatment, and the antiarrhythmic protection may persist for varying intervals, up to 150 days or more, after the drug has been discontinued. Side effects are not negligible but are generally dose dependent. Despite these side effects, many patients have been treated by us with amiodarone for as long as 5 to 8 years--and for up to 10 years in some cases. Amiodarone appears to be one of the most promising drugs for the possible prevention of ventricular fibrillation and sudden death. PMID- 6613842 TI - Amiodarone dosing: a proposal based on its pharmacokinetics. AB - The available data concerning amiodarone dosing may be summarized as follows: (1) there is an empirically demonstrated improvement in lag before onset of antiarrhythmic effect if amiodarone is given initially in large "loading" doses. (2) A regimen such as that described in this article may allow more predictable and safe therapy and should be evaluated in patients, in order to develop uniform dosing guidelines. (3) Amiodarone clearance appears to decrease with time, and for this reason guidance of long-term therapy by plasma concentration determinations could potentially improve safety and efficacy. However, a close correlation between drug levels and drug toxicity and efficacy is lacking. (4) Finally, plasma concentrations, although potentially useful for monitoring long term therapy, are likely to be unhelpful or misleading during the 4- to 6-week loading period at the beginning of treatment. PMID- 6613844 TI - The pharmacist's role in individual preventive health care. PMID- 6613845 TI - The real world of pharmacy. PMID- 6613846 TI - Restricting channels of distribution for pharmaceuticals. PMID- 6613847 TI - Drug monitoring in the geriatric patient. PMID- 6613848 TI - Checking up on your business records. PMID- 6613849 TI - Working with your accountant. PMID- 6613850 TI - Evaluating drug interactions by computer. PMID- 6613851 TI - FDA program for pharmacy students. PMID- 6613852 TI - Hydrogen sulfide generation and detection system. AB - A test system has been devised for generation and measurement of hydrogen sulfide/air mixtures. Such a system has numerous applications, including toxicology studies, detector badge and tube evaluation, sorbent capacity measurements, and respirator cartridge or canister breakthrough testing. The system in this study utilizes an HNU photoionization analyzer for detection of H2S concentrations of 1.0 ppm to 26.0 ppm. Generation techniques for these low concentration levels, and also for much higher H2S concentrations, have been described. Special consideration has been given to H2S permeation of transfer tubing, and to the effects of water vapor interference upon the analyzer. PMID- 6613853 TI - The effect of the growth of facial hair on protection factors for one model of closed-circuit, pressure-demand, self-contained breathing apparatus. AB - Protection factors for one model of closed-circuit, pressure-demand, self contained breathing apparatus were determined for eight volunteers while clean shaven and at approximately two-week intervals during an eight-week, beard-growth period. Measurement of facepiece leakage was patterned after the DOP quantitative fit test method outlined in ANSI Z88.2-1980. Comparison of results indicated that beard growth had a profound adverse effect on the amount of protection provided. PMID- 6613854 TI - Illumination in small industry. AB - One hundred firms were chosen by random sampling in order to survey the conditions of illumination in the small industry of Finland. The illumination of each worker's (N = 1181) work level was measured with a cosine corrigated luxmeter. Blend, the evenness of illumination, and the location of the light source were additional criteria used to evaluate illumination. Of the workers, 23% had moderately poor and 20% had poor illumination. Great differences in the prevalence of poor illumination were found for different industries and occupations. Work requiring precision was illuminated better than coarser work. The results of this study indicate that improved illumination in small industry would prevent undue work load and increase productivity. PMID- 6613856 TI - Airborne bacteria, endotoxin and fungi in dust in poultry and swine confinement buildings. AB - Airborne dust in swine and poultry confinements was analyzed to determine concentrations of total and gram-negative bacteria, total fungi, Aspergillus fumigatus and endotoxin. Airborne concentrations of total and gram-negative bacteria in swine and confinement units have been found to be as high as, or higher, than those found in other environments, such as wastewater treatment plants and cotton card rooms, where microbiologically contaminated organic dusts were present. Airborne endotoxin concentrations in the swine units (average 0.12 micrograms/m3) and poultry units (average 0.31 micrograms/m3) were in the range where clinical effects have occurred in other populations. Therefore, health studies of poultry and swine confinement workers with concurrent estimation of the individual daily exposure dose are warranted. PMID- 6613855 TI - Rubber manufacture: sampling and identification of volatile pollutants. AB - Volatile pollutants produced from several rubber goods manufacturing processes were sampled and analyzed. Samples were collected in the vulcanization areas of a shoe-sole factory, a tire retreading operation, and also in the extrusion areas of the retreading operation and an insulated cable manufacturer. Volatile organics from the vulcanization and extrusion operations were collected on activated charcoal, desorbed with trichlorofluoromethane and analyzed by GC/MS. Approximately 100 different compounds were identified and quantitated; their cumulative concentrations ranged from 25 to 27000 micrograms/cubic meter. PMID- 6613858 TI - Validation of a whole blood method for cholinesterase monitoring. AB - Traditional cholinesterase monitoring methods requiring several milliliters of blood are too invasive for prolonged routine monitoring. After several years' experience with a whole blood method requiring only 50 microL of blood for each test, a statistical evaluation of 1 year's monitoring data was undertaken to determine the normal variation of the test procedures. The results showed excellent sensitivity and reproducibility. On the basis of these data and other obvious advantages, this method is recommended as a more acceptable procedure for cholinesterase monitoring in field situations as well as plant settings. PMID- 6613857 TI - Interwedge variation in the membrane filter method for airborne asbestos fibers. AB - The poor precision of the current asbestos method (NIOSH P & CAM 139) has been linked to the variation in fiber deposition on the filter, but the cause of this variation had been unknown. A fluidized bed generator was constructed to produce a test atmosphere containing asbestos fibers, and air samples were collected. Fibers were counted at filter positions corresponding to the trench pattern in the cassette directly below the filter. The average fiber counts on wedges taken from above radial trenches were significantly higher (Pr greater than F = 0.0001) than counts on wedges taken from other portions of the filters. The chief cause of variation in asbestos fiber deposition on the filter is the trench pattern in the cassette supporting the filter. PMID- 6613859 TI - The oxygen cost of an escape from an underground coal mine. AB - Six 27- to 63-year-old coal miners performed an "escape" maneuver from an underground mine along a passageway that required walking and running erect or stooped, duck walking and crawling. The miners traveled at different speeds, for each mode of locomotion. The minute pulmonary ventilation (VE), O2 uptake (VO2) and heart rate (HR), recorded continuously on a magnetic tape via lightweight meters carried on the miners' waists, indicated similar average and peak values for all modes of locomotion. The mean VE, VO2 (L X min1, STPD) and HR (b X min1) were, respectively, 49, 1.63 and 143 for the average values, and 52, 1.92 and 161 for the peak values. Compared to the aerobic capacity obtained during graded treadmill test to exhaustion, the average effort of the "escape" was performed at 64% and the peak effort at 70% of the miners aerobic capacity for an "escape" time of 58 minutes. PMID- 6613860 TI - Influence of exercise on high-density lipoproteins. AB - The effects of an intensive rehabilitation course on plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were studied in 40 men, aged 29 to 56 years, with ischemic heart disease. The exercise consisted of aerobic activities that induced up to 80% of the maximal heart rate during three 20-minute periods daily for 5 days a week; the program lasted 3 weeks. Significant increases were found in the levels of HDL and HDL2 and their ratios to total plasma cholesterol. These changes were similar in nonsmokers of cigarettes and in men who gave up or reduced smoking during the course and contrasted with negligible changes in those who continued to smoke. PMID- 6613861 TI - Influence of diet on high-density lipoproteins. AB - Evidence of a relation between diet and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in humans comes from numerous cross-sectional and experimental studies. Evaluation of data from cross-sectional nutrition and health surveys sometimes yields different results for men and women but usually demonstrates positive correlations of HDL cholesterol levels with total energy intake, alcohol consumption, dietary cholesterol and total and animal fat, and negative correlations of HDL with dietary carbohydrates (simple sugars) and, in some instances, plant fats. Short-term dietary manipulation produced confirmatory evidence of a causal relation between diet and HDL with regard to several of these factors; however, there are few long-term data. The underlying mechanisms as well as the relation of HDL manipulation to cardiovascular health are still to be defined, particularly because the functions and fates of the HDL molecule may vary according to its composition and turnover, which are not reflected by the HDL cholesterol concentration. Furthermore, some relations between diet and HDL may only be the result of other metabolic consequences of dietary change, for instance, triglyceride metabolism and other lipoproteins. Although there is consistent evidence that a high HDL cholesterol level is indicative of a low risk of coronary heart disease in industrialized populations, evidence is inconclusive that manipulation of HDL leads to an alteration of risk. PMID- 6613862 TI - High-density lipoproteins: biochemical and metabolic factors. AB - The high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are the smallest of the plasma lipoprotein families and are approximately one half lipid and one half protein by weight. The major lipid constituent of HDL is phosphatidylcholine, with sphingomyelin second, followed by cholesterol and cholesteryl ester. The principal protein constituent of HDL is apolipoprotein A-I. Nascent or newly secreted HDLs, appear to be secreted by the gut, lymph and liver. The nascent HDL are converted into the native particle by the action of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. The transfer of a fatty acid moiety from phosphatidylcholine to cholesterol provides a core of cholesteryl ester for HDL and facilitates formation of a stable spherical particle. Another source of nascent HDL is hydrolysis of the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles, which results in the formulation of HDL2. HDL2 are larger than HDL3 and contain more lipid-rich particles, whereas HDL3 are relatively protein-rich, lipid-poor, and dense. The strong inverse relation between HDL and coronary artery disease is believed to be most closely related to the HDL2 subfraction. PMID- 6613863 TI - Relation of high-density lipoproteins to coronary artery disease. AB - Low mean concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol have long been recognized as a characteristic of patients with coronary heart disease, and the measurement of this fraction is a relatively strong discriminator between patients with coronary heart disease and those without. When subjects are ranked by the severity of coronary atherosclerosis determined angiographically, levels of HDL cholesterol, particularly of its HDL2 subclass, are consistently lower in subjects with extensive disease than in those with minimal atheroma. HDL cholesterol is derived from a number of sources, mobilization from peripheral tissues being but one. Generally, longitudinal studies have confirmed that a low HDL cholesterol level is potently and independently predictive of a high risk of coronary heart disease, one exception being a study of subjects with hypercholesterolemia. Despite the strength of these epidemiologic associations, there is no evidence from experimental studies or clinical trials to establish that low HDL levels are causally important in atherogenesis. PMID- 6613864 TI - Effect of interventions in salvaging left ventricular function in acute myocardial infarction: a study of intracoronary streptokinase. AB - The ability of intracoronary streptokinase (STK) infused early in acute myocardial infarction (MI) to salvage left ventricular (LV) function was studied in 52 patients who underwent contrast angiography immediately after STK and 6 +/- 7 weeks later. Ten nonrevascularized patients had no lysis or reocclusion. Of 42 patients with thrombolysis, 22 with optimal reperfusion underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) to prevent rethrombosis (STK + CABG group) and 20 did not (STK group). Motion was measured at 100 chords around the left ventricle and expressed in standard deviations (SD) from the normal mean. Hypokinesia was computed as the mean motion of chords in the infarct artery territory and hyperkinesia on the opposite wall was similarly computed. Hypokinesia improved greater than or equal to 1 SD/chord in 9 STK + CABG patients (41%), 8 STK patients (30%) (p = not significant versus STK + CABG) and 0 nonrevascularized patients. However, the ejection fraction did not change because it was normal in acute MI despite severe hypokinesia due to hyperkinesia on the opposite wall, and a subsequent decrease in hyperkinesia masked significant improvement in hypokinesia. It is concluded that regional wall motion must be measured to adequately assess the effect of therapeutic interventions on LV function. Early thrombolysis in acute MI results in improved LV function. The main benefit of CABG is to prevent rethrombosis. PMID- 6613865 TI - An improving prognosis over time in medically treated patients with coronary artery disease. AB - The national mortality rate from coronary heart disease has decreased during the past decade, for reasons that are not yet clear. The mortality rate and the total number of cardiovascular events both decreased during the last 10 years in 1,911 medically treated patients with significant coronary artery disease. This decrease cannot be explained by less sick patients being referred for evaluation. This study suggests that at least part of the decrease in coronary heart disease mortality observed nationally is occurring in patients with established coronary disease. PMID- 6613866 TI - Directional ST-segment deviation in graded exercise tests correlated with motion of the individual segments of the left ventricular wall. AB - An exercise test may be characterized as positive because of the production of either electrocardiographic ST-segment depression or elevation. The relationship of exercise-induced ST-segment deviation to the specific motion abnormalities of the individual segments of the left ventricular wall was investigated. The first 280 subjects to enter the Program of Surgical Control of Hyperlipidemia were studied by treadmill exercise testing and left ventriculography. The results showed that exercise-induced ST-segment elevation could occur without evidence in the resting subject of either dyskinesia or aneurysm of the left ventricle, that the area of left ventricular damage was much greater in subjects with exercise induced ST-segment elevation than in those with ST-segment depression, and that wall motion abnormalities were concentrated in the inferoposterior area in the group with ST-segment elevation, but were generally scattered throughout the left ventricular wall in the group with ST-segment depression. PMID- 6613867 TI - Hemodynamic effects of felodipine at rest and during exercise in exertional angina pectoris. AB - To examine the antianginal effects of felodipine, a new calcium antagonist, 8 patients with coronary artery disease and exertional angina pectoris were studied. Hemodynamic measurements were made at rest, during submaximal exercise and during angina-limited exercise before and 30 minutes after oral administration of 0.1 mg/kg of felodipine. Angina pectoris was always prevented after the drug was given and the exercise intensity was increased until recurrence of angina (5 patients) or exhaustion (3 patients). Hemodynamic data were also recorded at this higher exercise capacity. At rest and during submaximal exercise, felodipine increased heart rate and decreased arterial blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance. The prevention of angina pectoris was accompanied by lower mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, systemic vascular resistance and ST-segment depression; the pressure-rate product was unchanged. The 20% greater exercise capacity after felodipine was attended by a 20% increase in maximal cardiac output, a 17% increase in maximal heart rate and a 13% increase in maximal pressure-rate product; the maximal arterial blood pressure and ST-segment abnormalities were unchanged and the systemic vascular resistance was lower. The relation between ST-segment depression and the pressure-rate product during exercise was favorably influenced by felodipine. Thus, felodipine is an active antianginal drug; its major mechanism of action is to lower the systemic vascular resistance. The data also suggest that it improves coronary blood flow during exercise. PMID- 6613868 TI - Prognosis after an initial non-Q-wave myocardial infarction related to coronary arterial anatomy. AB - Eighty-six consecutive hospital survivors (aged less than or equal to 60 years) of a first non-Q-wave acute myocardial infarction (MI) were followed up prospectively. Coronary arteriography was performed a median of 2 weeks after MI. The size of the MI was small (as judged by a mean peak creatine kinase level of 906 IU/liter); 90% were in Killip class I, and the mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 60 +/- 11% (+/- standard deviation). Forty-nine patients had 1 vessel significantly narrowed by disease (greater than or equal to 70% luminal diameter reduction), 19 had 2-vessel, 2 had 3-vessel, 3 had left main (greater than or equal to 50% luminal diameter reduction), and 13 minimal or no coronary artery disease (CAD). Complete occlusion of the MI-related vessel was present in 33 patients. All 33 and an additional 5 patients had collateral vessels to the MI area. During a mean follow-up of 25 months, 1 cardiac death and 4 recurrent infarcts (3 with non-Q-wave MI) occurred. Angina occurred in 53 patients (62%) and responded medically in all but 7 who underwent coronary artery surgery. Angina after MI occurred frequently in patients with severe proximal left anterior descending CAD (greater than or equal to 90%), and in those with CAD (greater than or equal to 50%) in a vessel supplying collaterals to the infarct area. Because angina can be managed medically in most patients and the outcome is good, routine coronary angiography is not indicated in asymptomatic survivors less than or equal to 60 years of a first non-Q-wave MI. PMID- 6613869 TI - Role of a catheter lead system for transvenous countershock and pacing during electrophysiologic tests: an assessment of the usefulness of catheter shocks for terminating ventricular tachyarrhythmias. PMID- 6613870 TI - Significance of prolonged electrocardiographic pauses in sinoatrial disease: sick sinus syndrome. PMID- 6613871 TI - Induction of clinical ventricular tachycardia using programmed stimulation: value of third and fourth extrastimuli. AB - Initiation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) by right ventricular extrastimulation was analyzed in 142 consecutive patients, 53 with electrocardiographically documented episodes of spontaneous VT or ventricular fibrillation (VF) and 68 with no spontaneous VT or VF; 21 patients with a history of sudden death but no documented arrhythmia were excluded from further analysis. All patients received 1 to 4 extrastimuli (S2, S3, S4 and S5) during pacing at fixed cycle lengths of 600 or 500 msec at 1 or 2 right ventricular sites. Clinical VT was reproduced by extrastimulation in 28 of 43 patients (65%) with sustained VT and in 0 of 10 patients with nonsustained VT. Clinical VT was induced by S2 or S3 in 16 patients and by S4 or S5 in 12 patients. Ventricular burst pacing reproduced clinical VT in 3 other patients. Nonclinical VT, which was most often polymorphic and nonsustained, was induced in 24 of 121 patients (20%), in 11 by S2 or S3 and in 13 by S4 or S5. Ventricular burst pacing induced nonclinical VT in 4 other patients. In patients with spontaneous sustained VT, the use of S4 and S5 in the right ventricle increases the yield of inducible clinical VT compared with use of S2 and S3 alone, but at a cost of increased induction of nonclinical VT. Frequent induction of nonclinical VT limits the interpretation of the results of such stimulation in patients without previously documented VT. PMID- 6613872 TI - Accuracy of evaluation of the presence and severity of aortic and mitral regurgitation by contrast 2-dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 6613873 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiographic determination of right atrial emptying volume: a noninvasive index in quantifying the degree of tricuspid regurgitation. AB - Contrast echocardiography and inferior vena cava ultrasonography are useful techniques in diagnosing tricuspid regurgitation (TR) but are not helpful in estimating the severity. Using a computerized light-pen method for tracing the right atrial (RA) border during systole and diastole in the apical 4-chamber view, single-plane volume determinations were calculated in 10 normal subjects (Group I), 18 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and no TR (Group II), 14 patients with mitral stenosis and mild TR (Group IIIa), and 8 patients with mitral stenosis and severe TR (Group IIIb). TR was quantitated as absent, mild or severe by contrast right ventriculography. The RA end-systolic volume was 36.4 +/ 13.1 ml in Group I patients, 59.1 +/- 16.8 ml in Group II patients, 76.9 +/- 55.4 ml in Group IIIa patients, and 154.6 +/- 57.3 ml in Group IIIb patients (all Groups versus Group I, p less than 0.001). The mean RA emptying volume, which equals RA end-systolic volume--RA end-diastolic volume, was 15.3 +/- 5.0 for Group I, 17.7 +/- 3.0 for Group II, 30.4 +/- 8.0 for Group IIIa, and 71.6 +/- 25.4 for Group IIIb. All 8 patients with severe TR but none of the 14 patients with mild TR had an RA emptying volume greater than 40 ml (p less than 0.001). In addition, all 28 patients in Groups I and II but only 4 of 14 patients in Group III had an RA emptying volume less than 26 ml (p less than 0.01). The mean RA pressure measured at cardiac catheterization correlated with RA emptying volume (r = 0.71, p less than 0.001). Thus, RA emptying volume is useful for separating severe TR from mild TR in patients with mitral stenosis. PMID- 6613874 TI - Influence of volume loading on intraoperative hemodynamics and perioperative fluid retention in patients with valvular regurgitation undergoing prosthetic replacement. AB - Preload and afterload were controlled intraoperatively in 2 groups of patients with valvular regurgitation and congestive heart failure in order to determine the effect of fluid loading on weight gain and subsequent recovery. As a part of their anesthetic management before cardiopulmonary bypass, 16 patients were given 1 liter of crystalloid with nitroprusside infused at 1 microgram/kg/min and 16 received 4 liters of crystalloid with nitroprusside at 4 micrograms/kg/min. Arterial and filling pressures were kept the same in both groups. Heart rate and vascular resistance became significantly lower and cardiac index and stroke volume significantly higher in the fluid-augmented group. The transition to cardiopulmonary bypass was smoother for the fluid-augmented patients. All patients survived, and 2 in each group were ventilated beyond 24 hours. The mean weight gain at surgery was the same in the 2 groups (3 kg). For the first 2 postoperative days, body weight remained unchanged and thereafter, both groups lost weight at 0.6 kg/day. Preoperative weight was reached on day 7 and discharge occurred on day 15, 2 kg below control. Thus, a modest operative weight gain in these patients is inevitable, benign, and independent of the volume of fluid infused before bypass. PMID- 6613875 TI - Mitral valve prolapse syndrome: analysis of 62 patients aged 60 years and older. AB - Sixty-two patients diagnosed as having mitral valve prolapse, 60 to 81 years old, presented with disabling chest pain (20), symptoms of arrhythmias including palpitations and syncope (16), or mitral regurgitation (MR) with symptoms of congestive heart failure (26). The diagnosis of MVP was made on the basis of a combination of classic auscultatory, echocardiographic and angiographic findings. Thirteen of the 20 patients with chest pain had normal coronary angiograms and 7 had significant coronary artery disease (CAD). Patients with CAD could not be differentiated by clinical presentation alone. Furthermore, the incidence and types of arrhythmias, the presence of a positive stress test, and hemodynamic findings were similar in all patients in this group whether or not CAD was present. The 16 patients with palpitations had a broad spectrum of rhythm disorders, including both supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. Two patients had prehospital "sudden death" and 2 others had systemic emboli. Twenty one of the 26 patients with MR had valve surgery. Intraoperatively the valves were described as enlarged, floppy and with redundant leaflets. Histologic examination showed extensive "myxomatous" changes throughout the valve leaflets. Thus, mitral valve prolapse is a cause of symptomatic heart disease in the elderly. It has a predictable pattern of clinical presentation and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of older patients with disabling chest pain and arrhythmias and as the cause of progressive or severe MR. PMID- 6613876 TI - Value of isometric exercise testing during cardiac catheterization in mitral stenosis. AB - To examine the value of preoperative isometric exercise testing during cardiac catheterization in patients with mitral stenosis, the isometric handgrip exercise test was performed on 28 patients during preoperative diagnostic catheterization. Eighteen patients who subsequently underwent mitral valve surgery were recatheterized and reevaluated clinically 12 months after operation. Preoperatively, the patients were divided into 2 groups: 16 whose mean mitral valve pressure gradient increased greater than 4 mm Hg during isometric exercise (group A) and 12 whose pressure gradient decreased or increased less than 4 mm Hg (group B). The ejection fraction remained unchanged and the peak systolic pressure/end-systolic volume ratio increased during isometric exercise in group A (p less than 0.001). In group B, the ejection fraction decreased (p less than 0.001) and the peak systolic pressure/end-systolic volume ratio remained unchanged. In the total group, a positive correlation existed between the change in mean mitral valve pressure gradient during isometric exercise and the changes in measures of left ventricular function during exercise. The patients in group A had a significant improvement in both symptoms and in exercise tolerance as determined by symptom-limited bicycle ergometry after surgery. The patients in group B showed minimal or no symptomatic improvement and their exercise tolerance did not improve. The change in mitral valve pressure gradient during isometric exercise appears to reflect the left ventricular response to exercise. PMID- 6613877 TI - Surgical anatomy of double-outlet right ventricle--a reappraisal. AB - In light of the recent developments in surgical treatment of double-outlet right ventricle, the anatomic observations on this lesion were reevaluated. For this review, double-outlet right ventricle was diagnosed when more than half of both arterial valves were connected to the same ventricle, although appreciating the reasons for using, in a clinical context, a "90% rule" rather than the "50% rule" used in this review. Although this ventriculo-arterial connection can exist with any segmental combination, most often it is found in the setting of usually arranged atrial chambers (solitus) and atrioventricular concordance. Categorization of this subset is then done on the basis of the relationships of the arterial trunks. Three main groups stand out: intertwining arterial trunks and "normally related" arterial valves, and parallel trunks, but with the aortic valve to the right side or left side. These groupings give information concerning the site of the ventricular septal defect, which in any group may be perimembranous, muscular or be doubly committed and subarterial. Infundibular morphology is also variable, and the proximity of the arterial valves to the roof of the defect is largely determined by the extent of the ventriculo-infundibular fold. PMID- 6613878 TI - Hemodynamic responses to ergometer exercise in children and young adults with left ventricular pressure or volume overload. PMID- 6613879 TI - Aortic valve replacement in childhood: evaluation of left ventricular function by electrocardiography, echocardiography and graded exercise testing. AB - Preoperative and postoperative left ventricular (LV) performance was evaluated noninvasively in 15 children who survived aortic valve replacement (AVR). The noninvasive evaluation included electrocardiography, M-mode echocardiography, and graded exercise testing. Clinically, there was dramatic improvement postoperatively: All but 2 patients were asymptomatic. No conduction defects or arrhythmias were detected preoperatively; however, in the late postoperative period there was a variety of intraventricular conduction abnormalities, myocardial infarctions, and ventricular or supraventricular arrhythmias. On M mode echocardiography, children with aortic stenosis continued to have increased LV mass postoperatively. Shortening fraction and left-sided systolic time intervals returned to normal. The children with aortic regurgitation also had persistently abnormal LV mass on echocardiography postoperatively. Exercise data indicated no improvement in working capacity after AVR. Also, 9 children (63%) continued to have ST-segment depression with maximal exercise. These data indicate that AVR does not result in a return to normal of myocardial performance in children with severe aortic valve disease. PMID- 6613880 TI - Double-inlet left ventricle with rudimentary right ventricle and ventriculoarterial concordance. AB - Seven hearts were studied that had in common the segmental combination of double inlet left ventricle, rudimetary right ventricle and ventriculoarterial concordance. The prototype of these hearts has been described as the "Holmes heart" or "single ventricle type A1." Five of the hearts had 2 atrio-ventricular valves; in 1 of these the right valve was minimally straddling. The other 2 had a common valve. In 6 of the hearts the rudimentary right ventricle was obliquely situated on the anterior surface of the dominant left ventricle. The trabecular component was anterior and right-sided with the outlet components and pulmonary trunk in left-sided position. In the final case, both trabecular and outlet components of the rudimentary right ventricle were left-sided. Conduction tissue studies were performed in 2 hearts. In 1, the connecting atrioventricular node and bundle were in anomalous anterolateral position, as expected in double-inlet left ventricle. In the other, a ring-like, posterior, nonbranching bundle connected the regular node in the atrial septum to the branching bundle positioned on the anterior interventricular septum. The anatomic findings are related to the likely modes of presentation and differential diagnosis while the conduction tissue findings are discussed in the light of options for surgical repair. Thus, the term "single ventricle" is best avoided when describing hearts that unequivocally possess 2 ventricular chambers. PMID- 6613881 TI - Pulmonary vascular development: normal values of peripheral vascular structure. AB - Uninjected postmortem normal lung from 49 children aged 1 hour to 14 years was studied using quantitative morphometric techniques to assess arterial size, number and muscularity, particularly in the respiratory region of lung. Arterial size increased most rapidly during the first 2 months of life, but growth rate remained high during the first 4 years. At all ages, the range of values for the mean external diameter of arteries accompanying peripheral airways was considerable, but marked differences from the normal range were usually associated with a marked difference in stature. Arterial number increased rapidly in the first 2 months, but subsequently arteries multiplied at the same rate as alveoli, and the alveolar:arterial ratio was relatively constant. Mean percentage arterial medial thickness fell quickly during the first 10 days and continued to decrease during the first 3 months of life, after which there was little change. The intra-acinar arteries became more muscular during childhood as they increased in size. Vein muscle wall thickness was low throughout childhood. The normal values given in this paper provide a basis for the evaluation of lung biopsies in childhood. PMID- 6613882 TI - Biventricular function in sickle-cell anemia: radionuclide angiographic and thallium-201 scintigraphic evaluation. AB - Left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) function were evaluated at rest and during exercise using radionuclide ventriculography in 10 patients, aged 19 53 years, with sickle-cell anemia (SCA). Seven patients were in New York Heart Association functional class I and 3 were in class II. The resting LV ejection fraction (EF) was normal in 9 patients and the resting RVEF was normal in 4. LV dilation and high cardiac output were observed in 6 patients at rest. The LVEF during exercise was normal in all 10 patients, whereas only 2 patients had normal RVEF at rest and during exercise. The LVEF was lower in patients with SCA at rest (54 +/- 4% versus 61 +/- 6%, p less than 0.001) and exercise (66 +/- 4% versus 74 +/- 6%, p less than 0.001) than in 42 age-matched normal subjects. Rest thallium 201 images from 9 patients showed abnormal RV uptake in 8 and normal LV uptake in 8. Thus, in adult patients with SCA, LV function was normal during exercise in all patients and at rest in all but 1 patient. The LVEF, however, was lower than that in age-matched normal subjects. RV function was abnormal in most patients at rest and during exercise. RV thallium-201 uptake suggested pressure or volume overload (or both), most likely due to pulmonary vaso-occlusive complications of the disease. PMID- 6613883 TI - Effect of negative pleural pressure on left ventricular hemodynamics. AB - Negative pleural pressure alters left ventricular (LV) function. LV volume changes have been studied in human subjects, but little is known of the hemodynamic effects. The effect of changes of pleural pressure on LV hemodynamics during a Mueller maneuver (inspiration against an obstruction) was studied in 11 subjects and during quiet, unobstructed inspiration in 3. During the Mueller maneuver, there was an initial decrease in pulmonary wedge pressure and aortic systolic pressure, almost as great as the decrease in pleural pressure. Thereafter, these pressures increased despite a sustained reduction in pleural pressure. Toward the end of the Mueller maneuver, pulmonary wedge transmural pressure averaged 31 +/- 12 mm Hg and in 6 patients large v waves developed. The increase in aortic transmural pressure averaged 30 +/- 16 mm Hg. Aortic pulse pressure decreased on the first beat from control levels of 59 +/- 21 to 47 +/- 21 (p less than 0.001) and then returned to control levels. During normal breathing in 3 subjects, studied with intraesophageal balloons, there was a similar increase in both transmural aortic and transmural pulmonary wedge pressures with a decrease in pleural pressure 6 mm Hg during inspiration. Thus, increased negative pleural pressure was associated with a marked increase in pulmonary wedge transmural pressure; the increase was approximately proportionate to the decrease in pleural pressure. It is suggested that this increase was due to increased impedance to LV ejection and to right ventricular expansion interfering with LV diastolic filling. PMID- 6613884 TI - Effects of posture and respiration on body surface electrocardiogram. PMID- 6613885 TI - An ambulatory ventricular function monitor: validation and preliminary clinical results. AB - A device for the continuous measurement of left ventricular (LV) function was tested in a series of 34 subjects. The instrument consisted of 2 arrays of radiation sensitive cadmium telluride detectors held in place over the region of the left ventricle and lung by a vest-like garment (hence the name VEST). The VEST electronic instrumentation included analog-to-digital converters, a battery pack, microprocessor and gating device, which were worn in a back pack. Data generated by the VEST, including the digitized average electrocardiogram, RR interval, counts/13 ms in each radiation detector, and time since commencement of data recording, were recorded on a cassette tape recorder every 2 minutes for subsequent analysis. At the conclusion of conventional multigated blood pool imaging, the VEST was positioned and worn by the subjects while supine, standing in place and walking. The correlation of ejection fraction calculated independently from the VEST and scintillation camera data was greater than 0.95. The inter-record reproducibility of the ejection fraction measured by the VEST in sedentary subjects was less than 3%. PMID- 6613886 TI - Hydrogen peroxide contrast echocardiography. AB - Several agents are used as echocardiographic contrast agents, but their unreliability discourages routine clinical use. Studies from the early 1960s suggest that dilute hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a safe intravascular agent. Its use was evaluated in contrast echocardiography. To obtain dense opacification reliably, H2O2 (3%) was passed through a sterile 0.2 micron Millipore filter and diluted with heparinized saline solution to make a 0.1 to 0.2% solution. A drop of blood was withdrawn from an indwelling peripheral venous needle into a syringe containing 0.5 to 2.0 ml of the dilute H2O2 and the contents injected. Studies in dogs, normal adults and 36 patients with noncyanotic congenital and acquired cardiac disorders produced dense opacification with no complications. In vitro mixture of H2O2 (0.3%) with leukocyte-poor blood or plasma produced only a few microbubbles, while addition to whole blood or buffy coat produced many, suggesting a role for leukocyte peroxidase. H2O2 contrast echocardiography is simple, inexpensive, and reliably provides dense, sustained opacification. This study and previous studies suggest that intravenous injection of 0.2% H2O2 can be done safely. Great caution should be exercised in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension or large right-to-left shunts because little clinical experience with H2O2 is available. PMID- 6613887 TI - Effect of coronary reperfusion on myocardial hemorrhage and infarct healing. PMID- 6613888 TI - Failure of pretreatment with propranolol to reduce the zone of myocardial infarction after 2 hours of coronary occlusion in the primate heart. PMID- 6613889 TI - Dose-dependent electrophysiologic effects of amiodarone in the immature canine heart. AB - The electrophysiologic effects of incremental doses of intravenous amiodarone were studied in the intact neonatal canine heart and were compared with the responses observed in the adult. Seven neonatal puppies aged 5 to 14 days, and 6 adult dogs were studied. Assessment of sinus and atrioventricular (AV) nodal function and atrial and ventricular refractory periods was performed using standard His bundle recording techniques and programmed extrastimulation before and after doses of 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg of intravenous amiodarone. Amiodarone depressed sinus node cycle length, sinus node recovery time and AV nodal conduction in both groups. Atrial and ventricular refractory periods were also prolonged in a dose-dependent fashion in both the neonatal and adult dogs. Although similar responses to amiodarone were observed in both groups, the immature dogs were more sensitive to amiodarone in prolongation of atrial refractory periods and depression of sinus node recovery time. The neonatal group, however, demonstrated more resistance to amiodarone-induced depression of AV nodal conduction. Thus, intravenous amiodarone produces dose-dependent electrophysiologic changes in the neonate similar to those in the adult, although the significant differences in drug sensitivity may be clinically important. PMID- 6613890 TI - Syndromes of Lown-Ganong-Levine and enhanced atrioventricular nodal conduction. PMID- 6613891 TI - Torsades de pointes versus polymorphous ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 6613892 TI - A simple method to interpret cardiac and aortic anatomy from chest radiographs. PMID- 6613893 TI - Acute pulmonary edema induced by left bundle branch block. PMID- 6613894 TI - Diagnosis of left ventricular to right atrial shunt utilizing contrast echocardiography. PMID- 6613895 TI - Thrombocytosis and fatal coronary heart disease. PMID- 6613896 TI - Left ventricular outflow obstruction caused by a Starr-Edwards mitral prosthesis. PMID- 6613897 TI - Cardiac involvement by Gaucher's disease documented by right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy. PMID- 6613898 TI - The AFORMED phenomenon: a proposed etiology. PMID- 6613899 TI - Basic requirements for investigating systolic time intervals. PMID- 6613900 TI - Cardiac catheterization in athletes. PMID- 6613901 TI - Multiple versus single coronary arterial stenosis: hemodynamic differences. PMID- 6613902 TI - Three-dimensional reconstruction of a rat stage V Sertoli cell: II. Morphometry of Sertoli--Sertoli and Sertoli--germ-cell relationships. AB - Sertoli--Sertoli and Sertoli--germ-cell configurational relationships were studied using morphometric techniques and direct measurements as obtained from micrographs used to reconstruct a model of a rat stage V Sertoli cell. Regional areas of the Sertoli cell surface, which faced germ cells, other Sertoli cells, or noncellular structures, were expressed as relative surface area percentages; and the absolute surface areas for these regional areas were calculated. The surface areas of the reconstructed cell, in its unmagnified state, was found to be 12,163 micron2. Cell processes were enumerated and studied using morphometric techniques. The surface area of the reconstructed Sertoli cell facing germ cells and Sertoli cells was also determined. Five Sertoli cells showed extensive contact with the reconstructed cell at the level of the Sertoli--Sertoli junctional contact region. This contact region averaged 3.51 micron in width. The relative and absolute surface area of subsurface ectoplasmic specialization of the Sertoli cell that faced germ cells and other Sertoli cells was calculated, and the extent of penetration of step 17 spermatids into the Sertoli crypts was determined. Surface relationships of the reconstructed cell to cellular and noncellular elements were depicted on outline drawings of the Sertoli cell. PMID- 6613903 TI - Three-dimensional reconstruction of a rat stage V Sertoli cell: III. A study of specific cellular relationships. AB - Specific Sertoli--Sertoli and Sertoli--germ-cell contacts and/or junctions were investigated employing micrographs used to reconstruct serially a model of a rat stage V Sertoli cell. The Sertoli--Sertoli junctional contact areas occurred in a belt-like arrangement near the base of the Sertoli cell. This configuration is consistent with their proposed function as a sealing element limiting the passage of materials toward the tubular lumen. Sertoli ectoplasmic specializations also formed a continuous belt, or band, around the reconstructed cell at the junctional contact area. Eighteen Sertoli--Sertoli tubulobulbar complexes were found; some (12 in number) invaginated the reconstructed cell, while others (6) emanated from it. Of 37 round germ cells that were sectioned in their entirety and adjoined the reconstructed cell, 23 displayed desmosome-gap junctions with either the reconstructed cell or an adjoining cell. Since there were multiple junctions connecting some germ cells to Sertoli cells, the total number of junctions was much greater (35). Desmosome-gap junctions of the Sertoli cell were numerous connecting pachytene spermatocytes, less numerous connecting type B spermatogonia, and even less numerous connecting step 5 spermatids; and none was seen joining Sertoli cells with elongate spermatids. Most desmosome-gap junctions join germ cells to the body of the Sertoli cell at its basal aspect. Their numbers and position indicate that they play a role in the maintenance of the integrity of the seminiferous epithelium and may provide a route for cell-to-cell communication. Ectoplasmic specializations of the reconstructed cell were seen facing only 3 of 37 round germ cells, and 7 ectoplasmic specializations from adjoining Sertoli cells faced these germ cells, all of which were step 5 spermatids. That there were no ectoplasmic specializations facing pachytene cells indicates that ectoplasmic specializations are not acquired as these cells pass through Sertoli--Sertoli junctions, but are acquired later in spermatogenesis. PMID- 6613904 TI - Some observations on the structure of Suncus liver with special reference to the vitamin A-storing cell. AB - The structure of the liver of the thick-tailed shrew (Suncus murinus) was studied with special reference to the vitamin A-storing cell. The macroscopic arrangement of hepatic lobes was the same as those of rodents. Connective tissues of Glisson's sheath were not prominent. There were gradual differences in the size and the cytoplasmic contents of hepatocytes among perihepatic, intermediate, and periportal regions. These correspond to the acinar zones 3, 2, and 1 of Rappaport, respectively. The ultrastructural features of the hepatocyte were numerous microvilli, a large mass of glycogen particles (alpha-particles), and well-developed Golgi complexes and lysosomes in the peribiliary region. Cellular elements of the sinusoid were the same as those of rodents. Vitamin A-storing cells were demonstrated by autoradiography of tritiated retinyl acetate administered orally. They were distributed in the perihepatic and intermediate regions. The number of vitamin A-storing cells was much smaller than that in the mouse liver and did not increase after excess vitamin A was given to the animal. Cytological features of the vitamin A-storing cells in Suncus liver were similar to those for other mammalian livers. The scarceness of vitamin A-storing cells and the low amount of vitamin A esters suggest that Suncus does not store much vitamin A in the liver. PMID- 6613906 TI - Pattern regulation in the anterior half of the embryonically produced symmetrical forelimb of the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum. AB - Symmetrical forelimbs were created in the axoltl by performing surgery on embryos at stages 32-34. The technique of J.M.W. Slack (J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol., 39:151 168, 1977) was utilized. Several experiments were then performed to test the ability of these symmetrical forelimbs to participate in pattern formation. When symmetrical limbs were amputated without previous surgery, 58% failed to regenerate. When symmetrical limbs were wounded in the plane of symmetry and permitted to heal for 30 days prior to amputation, 75% failed to regenerate. When the anterior half of the symmetrical limb was exchanged with the posterior half of the contralateral forelimb followed by amputation 30 days later, both limbs failed to regenerate. When the anterior half of the symmetrical limb was exchanged with the anterior half of an asymmetrical limb followed by amputation 30 days later, the previously symmetrical limbs regenerated asymmetrical hands, and previously asymmetrical limbs failed to regenerate. These results indicate that wounding increases the occurrence of regenerative failure in embryonically produced symmetrical forelimbs. The anterior half of the embryonically produced symmetrical forelimb behaves unpredictably and in a manner not easily described with any of the current models of pattern regulation. The posterior half of the embryonically produced symmetrical forelimb behaves predictably during pattern formation. PMID- 6613905 TI - Synaptic changes in the hypothalamus of the prepuberal female rat administered estrogen. AB - Subcutaneous administration of estradiol benzoate (EB) to prepuberal female rats can advance vaginal opening, phasic pituitary gland luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, and ovulation, presumably through a neural mechanism. This study investigated whether these effects are associated with changes in synaptic profiles in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) and the preoptic area (POA). Twenty-five-day-old female rats were administered EB, EB followed by progesterone on day 27, or oil vehicle alone; or they received no treatment. Blood was collected by jugular venipuncture at 1600 hr, on day 27, and plasma was assayed for LH by radioimmunoassay. Rat brains were immediately perfused for electron microscopy, and the ARC and POA were dissected out. Tissue blocks from these areas were processed with phosphotungstic acid for selective staining of neural synapses. Serum LH was markedly elevated in the EB-treated rats compared with controls. In the treated groups, LH values in serum were above 1,000 ng/ml, whereas the control values were less than 50. This acute rise of serum LH was accompanied by an acute increase of synaptic volume percent, area density, and numerical density in the ARC of EB-treated rats. The numerical density of the control groups was approximately 800 million observed synapses per cubic millimeter, whereas in the EB-treated groups, there were approximately 1.8 billion synapses per cubic millimeter. We found no differences in synaptic profiles of the POA in EB-treated animals as compared to the controls. We conclude from this study that estrogens act through neural mechanisms to accelerate maturation of neuroendocrine processes that govern phasic pituitary gland LH release and that this maturation process entails synaptogenesis in the ARC. PMID- 6613907 TI - Retrograde HRP identification of neurons in the rhombencephalon and spinal cord of the rat that project to the dorsal mesencephalon. AB - Neurons in the rhombencephalon and spinal cord of the rat that project to the dorsal midbrain were identified using the HRP retrograde neuroanatomical tracing method. Retrogradely labeled neurons were most numerous in the reticular formation, specifically in nucleus pontis oralis, caudalis, and gigantocellularis and in the sensory trigeminal complex. Neurons that project were also found in certain raphe nuclei, the parabrachial nuclei, the deep cerebellar nuclei, the vestibular cochlear complex, and the spinal cord. The diverse distribution of neurons that project to the midbrain is understandable in the context of the known diverse functions of the region, which include a role in sexual and other behaviors, nociception, and various autonomic functions. PMID- 6613908 TI - The effect of fatty fish on plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. AB - The effect of fatty fish consumption on plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations was studied in 118 healthy men in a cross-over controlled trial. Subjects ate 100 g or more of fatty fish at least twice a week for 3 months, and little or no fatty fish for another 3 months. The mean plasma triglyceride concentration decreased significantly by 6.7% on the fish diet; there were no significant changes in plasma total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. A realistic intake of fatty fish has a detectable effect on blood lipids. PMID- 6613909 TI - Effect of megavitamin treatment on mental performance and plasma vitamin B6 concentrations in mentally retarded young adults. AB - Other workers have reported preliminary results suggesting that vitamin and mineral supplements might improve the mental performance of mentally retarded children. The current study examined the effect of 20 wk of the suggested supplement on Stanford Binet scores in mentally retarded adults with nonspecific diagnoses, Down's syndrome, and subjects receiving anticonvulsant medication. No improvement in Stanford Binet scores was observed. However, serum pyridoxal phosphate concentrations were significantly (p less than 0.05) increased in subjects with Down's syndrome receiving the supplement compared with subjects with nonspecific diagnoses receiving the same treatment thus providing further evidence of abnormal vitamin B6 metabolism in Down's syndrome. PMID- 6613910 TI - Obesity and precursor availability affect urinary catecholamine metabolite production in women. AB - The effect of obesity and tyrosine (tyr) supplements on catecholamine metabolism in 12 normal weight and nine obese adult women was studied. Protein intake was maintained at 1.4 g protein/kg fat-free mass daily for 4 days with tyr added (0.26 g/kg fat-free mass) to the liquid diet on the last 2 days. In the 12 normal subjects, but not the obese, base-line urinary excretion of the norepinephrine metabolite, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy phenylethyleneglycol was related to body fat whereas excretion of the norepinephrine metabolite vanilmandelic acid was related to fat-free mass and to total energy intake. Normal subjects responded to tyr with elevations in plasma tyr/neutral amino acid, plasma 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy phenylethyleneglycol, urinary vanilmandelic acid, and homovanillic acid, a dopamine metabolite, but not the norepinephrine metabolite, dihydroxy phenylethyleneglycol. The obese showed no increase in plasma or urinary 3-methoxy 4-hydroxy phenylethyleneglycol during tyr supplementation, although vanilmandelic acid and homovanillic acid increased. We conclude that urinary catecholamine metabolite production is related to body composition and to tyr intake in normal weight women. These relationships however, are altered in the obese, suggesting an association of obesity with abnormal catecholamine metabolism. PMID- 6613911 TI - Energy expenditure of pregnant women at rest or walking self-paced. AB - Energy expenditure during rest and self-paced walking was determined from early to late pregnancy either longitudinally or in a cross-section of women. The cross sectional study was done with 16 women confined to a metabolic unit: six nonpregnant (NP), six early pregnant (EP 10 to 20 wk gestation), and four late pregnant (LP 30 to 40 wk gestation). In the longitudinal study, five of the six EP subjects from the cross-sectional study were studied at 5-wk intervals until parturition. Basal metabolic rate, measured by open circuit, indirect calorimetry, and expressed as kcal/min, was 13% greater (p less than 0.05) in EP compared to NP and was 28% greater (p less than 0.05) in LP compared to EP. Resting metabolism increased during gestation in the EP group from a value of 1.01 kcal/min at 15 to 25 wk to 1.15 kcal/min at 35 to 40 wk. When energy expenditure during rest is expressed as kcal/kg body weight/h, there were no significant differences due to stage of pregnancy. The time required for the women to walk 400 m at their own pace was measured. The pace of the LP women was 20% slower (p less than 0.05) than the EP women. But when the EP women were studied at 35 and 40 wk gestation their pace was only 4.5% slower than that at 15 to 25 wk. These data suggest that individual behavioral differences have a greater effect on pace than stage of gestation. A decrease in pace reduced the rate of energy expenditure per kilogram body weight for walking 400 m. But, body weight, rather than pace, was the major determinant of total energy expenditure for the walk (p less than 0.05). It is apparent from these data that body weight is the major determinant of energy expenditure during rest and self-paced weight bearing activity in pregnancy. PMID- 6613912 TI - Effect of dietary modification on the uptake of glucose, fatty acids, and alcohols in diabetic rats. AB - Nutrient uptake (Jd) is enhanced in diabetes mellitus (DM) in the rat; these studies were undertaken to determine the effect of 2 wk dietary modification on the Jd of fatty acids, fatty alcohols, and glucose. In control (C) rats, fatty acid Jd was lowest with the low essential fatty acid diet, but the incremental change in free energy (integral of delta Fw leads to l) was not affected by the other diets; in DM integral of delta Fw leads to l was lower with the low cholesterol or high carbohydrate diets, and higher with the high cholesterol diet. The effective resistance of the intestinal unstirred layer was assessed from the Jd of lauryl alcohol. In C intestinal unstirred layer was lowest in the high carbohydrate group and highest in the low cholesterol group; intestinal unstirred layer was less in DM than in C only in the rats fed the low cholesterol diet. In C, varying the protein content of the diet was associated with a rise in the value of the maximal transport rate and the Michaelis constant, but a decline in the passive permeability coefficient for glucose. Glucose Jd was increased in DM rats fed a high carbohydrate or a high cholesterol diet; the values of the Kms were similar in DM and C, but the maximal transport rates were higher in the DM than in the C and these values were influenced by dietary modifications. Thus short-term dietary modification influences intestinal unstirred layer, integral of delta Fw leads to l, and the kinetic constants for Jd of glucose in control and diabetic rats. PMID- 6613913 TI - Effect of dietary aluminum on mineral metabolism of adult males. AB - During a 40-day balance study, eight adult males were fed two levels of aluminum: 5 mg daily (control diet) and 125 mg daily (test diet). These two levels of dietary aluminum are representative of the upper and lower limits of aluminum that are present in the diets of Americans. Initially subjects excreted significantly more phosphorus in their feces when fed the test diet rather than the control diet. However, subjects excreted similar amounts of phosphorus in their feces when fed the test and control diets for more than 12 days. Subjects excreted significantly less fluoride in their urine and less, but not significantly less, phosphorus and cyclic AMP in their urine when fed the test diet rather than the control diet. The dietary aluminum levels had no overall effect on the retention of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, or copper by these subjects. PMID- 6613914 TI - Dairy products, calcium, and blood pressure. AB - The previously reported inverse association of dietary calcium intake and blood pressure levels was examined in a Southern California community, in order to determine whether this association was independent of age, obesity, and alcohol consumption. In the total population significantly less calcium intake from milk was reported in hypertensive versus normotensive men (but not women) and the association was independent of age and obesity. In a 23% subsample of men from this cohort the effect of total dietary calcium intake from all dairy products was estimated from a 24-h dietary recall. Again hypertensive men consumed significantly less calcium than normotensives. In men, both systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were inversely associated with calcium intake from dairy products. After controlling for age, obesity, and alcohol, diastolic blood pressure was negatively and significantly associated with total calcium intake from dairy products, while systolic blood pressure was similarly associated with whole milk calcium alone. Although these data are cross sectional, they suggest that some component of dairy products, probably calcium, exerts a protective effect against hypertension, and are compatible with the protective effect of calcium reported in hypertension-prone rats. PMID- 6613915 TI - Growth pattern of selected urban Chilean infants during exclusive breast-feeding. AB - This report describes the growth pattern of healthy, low middle and low socioeconomic class Chilean infants during exclusive breast-feeding. Two-hundred forty-two infants who were on exclusive breast-feeding at day 30 postpartum entered the study. Of these, 59% were fully nursing at 6 months and grew at a normal rate without receiving either supplementary milk or nondairy food. Supplementary feedings were administered in 27% of cases because of suspected primary inadequate milk output and in 14% of cases for other reasons such as pregnancy, illness, maternal work, or self-prescription. Full nursing provided the highest rate of weight increase during the first 3 months of life and a greater weight gain for boys than for girls up to the age of 6 months. Gastrointestinal pathology, malnourishment, or hospitalization were rare events in this population. It is concluded that maternal milk alone, if produced in sufficient amounts, can maintain normal growth up to the 6th month of life. The study supports the choice of exclusive breast-feeding on demand plus child growth monitoring up to 6 months over routine prescription of supplements at earlier times particularly where supplement administration fails to meet individual requirements. PMID- 6613916 TI - Nutritional status of alcoholic patients: it's possible relationship to alcoholic liver damage. AB - This study was performed to look for a possible relationship between the nutritional status and the presence of liver damage in alcoholic patients. One hundred chronic alcoholics admitted for treatment to the Alcoholism Ward, without clinical signs of liver failure, were studied. In 84, anthropometric nutritional indexes, liver function tests, and a liver biopsy were performed; in 69 patients a dietary survey was obtained. A dietary imbalance was observed in the total group; 65% of ingested calories were derived from ethanol. The intake of proteins, vitamins, and minerals was below the RDA, NAS/USA, and no differences were found between patients with and without liver damage. Neither were significant differences in daily alcohol calories or total ethanol dose found between both groups of patients. Mean anthropometric values were within 80 to 100% of commonly used standards. However, patients with alcoholic hepatitis and/or cirrhosis had a significantly higher percentage of ideal body weight, compared to alcoholics with normal livers or less severe histological alterations (109.7 +/- 20.3 versus 95.6 +/- 12.5, SD, p less than 0.005). A similar difference was observed in arm muscle areas. These findings show that overweight is associated with liver alterations in the alcoholic and should be investigated as a risk factor to develop liver damage. PMID- 6613918 TI - Survival of patient with pleural involvement by breast carcinoma. AB - To determine factors which affect survival in patients with pleural involvement by breast carcinoma, we reviewed records of all patients at two community teaching hospitals presenting with malignant pleural effusion over a 6-year period. Forty-five patients had had mastectomy for breast cancer, no history of other malignancy, and cytologic confirmation of subsequent pleural metastases. All had received conventional combination systemic chemo- or hormonal therapy. Ten patients (group 1) in whom effusion was the initial and only site of recurrent disease had a median survival of 48 months. The median survival was 12 months in 35 patients (group 2) who developed effusion in association with other metastatic disease. Half of the patients in group 1 had no axillary node involvement at mastectomy. Twenty-eight patients (80%) in group 2 had had more advanced disease at initial diagnosis. This, and behavior of the effusion as regional rather than systemic disease, suggested by the high incidence of effusion on the ipsilateral side of the mastectomy, probably accounts for the better outlook in patients with effusion alone. PMID- 6613917 TI - A simplified inventory method for quantitating dietary sodium, potassium, and energy. AB - During an 8-day observation of the effect of K+ supplementation (80 mEq) on Na+ and K+ balance in a biracial sample of young adults (n = 14), a Food Inventory was developed to monitor dietary Na+, K+, and energy intakes. Urine and stool samples provided electrolyte output measures. The Food Inventory reduced heterogeneity of foods consumed and simplified quantitation. It was self administered and consisted of 10 preselected foods categories, each containing 24 to 40 food items. Energy was higher for whites and for males (p less than 0.10). Both total Na+ intake and Na+ per 1000 kcal were higher for males. A 1.4 Na+/K+ dietary ratio was observed. After K+ supplementation, Na+ balance was negative; a marked natriuresis occurred, being more consistent for Blacks. With K+ supplementation a positive K+ balance occurred and was more evident in Blacks. Significant positive correlations of daily Na+ and K+ intakes with output were observed with higher correlation for K+ than Na+. This dietary assessment method can be useful in metabolic or behavioral studies requiring quantitation of electrolytes and energy. PMID- 6613919 TI - Vincristine by continuous infusion in refractory breast cancer: a phase II study. AB - Eighteen patients with advanced refractory breast carcinoma were treated with vincristine (VCR), 0.5 mg I.V. bolus followed by continuous I.V. infusions of 0.25 mg/m2/day for 5 days every 3 weeks. The daily dose of VCR was infused in 1000 ml D5W to which was added hydrocortisone 50 mg and heparin 3000 U. Patients received from one to six courses (mean 2.3 courses). No objective responses were observed. Stable disease was noted in five patients who had skeletal metastases only. Disease progression occurred in the remaining 13 patients, 10 of whom had received prior VCR by bolus injection. The principal toxicity consisted of constipation without ileus and hyporeflexia-paresthesias. Vincristine, administered by continuous I.V. infusion according to this dose and schedule does not appear to be effective in the treatment of patients with advanced refractory breast cancer. PMID- 6613920 TI - Psychological aspects of primary radiation therapy for breast carcinoma. AB - Fifty-one patients who received primary radiation therapy as an alternative to radical mastectomy for the treatment of early breast cancer were studied in depth. They chose radiation therapy to avoid the disfigurement, difficulty with emotional adjustment, and adverse effects on their sexual lives they anticipated from mastectomy. Most of these women (median age 49) were leading active sexual lives in which their breasts play an important role. Their breasts also played an important role in enabling them to feel feminine, attractive, and sexually desirable. Forty-three percent of the patients who had had suicidal ideation because of feelings about breast cancer no longer were troubled by suicidal thoughts after learning about primary radiation therapy and the fact that they would not have to have a mastectomy. Recent reports that radiation therapy causes more psychic distress than other forms of cancer treatment appear to be incorrect in this particular population. PMID- 6613921 TI - Vindesine for metastatic malignant melanoma. A phase II trial. AB - Sixteen patients, 13 of whom had received prior chemotherapy, were treated with vindesine for advanced malignant melanoma. Previous treatment included vinca alkaloids in six. Thirteen patients received vindesine, 4 mg/m2 and three received vindesine, 3 mg/m2 by weekly I.V. injection. There were two partial (12%) and no complete responses among all of the patients. Both responses occurred in subcutaneous lesions and lasted for 4 and 6 weeks, respectively. Fifteen patients could be evaluated for treatment-related toxicity. The most common side effect was modest leukopenia (less than 3000/microliter) in 10 patients (67%). The lowest leukocyte count recorded was 1100/microliter. Thrombocytopenia was not encountered. Neurotoxicity, manifest most commonly as mild or moderate peripheral paresthesiae, was seen in eight patients (53%). PMID- 6613922 TI - Phase II study of vinblastine in advanced refractory ovarian carcinoma. AB - Fourteen patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma previously treated with chemotherapeutic agents including cisplatin were treated with vinblastine 0.1 mg/kg intravenously every week. There were no responses in 13 evaluable patients. The median survival was 19+ weeks following the initiation of vinblastine (VBL) therapy. Toxicity consisted of minimal myelo-suppression (WBC count less than 2500/microliter in 8/78 courses, WBC count less than 1500/microliter in 0/78 courses, platelets less than 150,000/microliter in 0/78 courses), nausea (4/13 patients), vomiting (2/13 patients), neuropathy (4/13 patients), and weakness and fatigue (6/13 and 5/13 patients, respectively). Although data derived from the human tumor stem cell assay (HTSCA) suggest that VBL may be an active agent against previously treated ovarian carcinoma, this study in patients with refractory advanced disease suggests that VBL is inactive (less than 20% response rate with 90% confidence levels) in that setting. Whether significant durable benefit can be achieved with VBL therapy in patients whose tumor is sensitive in the HTSCA remains to be seen. PMID- 6613924 TI - Experience with an automated cancer protocol surveillance system. AB - At an active cancer center, patients may be on a large number of different treatment protocols. Each of these protocols has its own examination, test, and treatment modification requirements. It is often difficult for the clinician to keep track of the protocol requirements on all of his patients, so elements of the protocol may be inadvertently omitted. To assist the physician in managing these patients, a computerized protocol surveillance system was developed and implemented at a major cancer center. Compliance with protocol requirements was studied prior to and after introduction of the automated protocol system. There was a statistically significant (p less than 0.02) improvement in nonroutine test ordering (from 80 to 95%) and therapeutic modification (from 91 to 99%) compliance. Introduction of an automated protocol surveillance system can result in improved protocol compliance. PMID- 6613923 TI - Preliminary communication--treatment of primary brain tumors recurrent after irradiation with aziridinylbenzoquinone (AZQ;NSC-182986). AB - Twenty-nine patients with primary brain tumors recurrent or progressive after cerebral irradiation were treated with AZQ. Twenty of the 29 patients had also failed prior chemotherapy. CT scan-documented tumor regressions were noted in 17.2% (5/29) and ranged from 15.0% (3/20) in patients with prior chemotherapy to 22.2 (2/9) in patients without prior chemotherapy. Myelosuppression was the only significant toxicity noted. AZQ is worthy of further studies in patients with primary brain tumors. PMID- 6613925 TI - Anatomic considerations in radiotherapeutic management of bladder cancer. AB - From July 1975 to December 1981, a total of 47 patients with intact bladders had pelvic CT scans. All patients had biopsy-proven bladder cancer. Utilizing CT scans, we measured the bladder extensions in three dimensions. Evacuation of the bladder prior to each treatment is, according to our survey of 48 radiotherapy departments, a rarely practiced procedure. Therefore, it was reasonable to assume that the partially distended bladder, as seen on CT scans, is the target volume for definitive radiotherapy of bladder cancer as practiced in most departments. Analysis of our results indicates that routinely recommended booster ports of 8 X 8, 10 X 10, and 12 X 12 cm would result in gross misses in approximately 50%, 26%, and 7% of patients, respectively. It would appear that geographic misses might contribute significantly to the high incidence of local failures usually reported for definitive radiotherapy in carcinoma of the bladder. PMID- 6613926 TI - A new approach to the management of primary unresectable carcinoma of the breast: is radiation therapy necessary? AB - Nearly all patients with locally advanced, inoperable breast cancer have occult metastases. Although radiation therapy may in some cases control local disease, it has no effect on the metastases and thus does not improve survival. Twenty five patients with locally advanced inoperable breast cancer have been treated at Kaiser Permanente Medical Center during the last 10 years. Review of these patients confirms the limited local control and poor survival of these patients when treated with radiation therapy. A therapeutic plan which both achieves local control and treats distant micrometastases by the combined use of chemotherapy (with or without hormonal manipulation) and surgery is presented. Preoperative response of the primary lesion to therapy has also allowed selection of the proper postoperative adjuvant therapy. An example of this type of therapy with its results is presented in detail. Although preliminary tests are hopeful, obviously a large, controlled clinical trial will be needed to test their validity. PMID- 6613927 TI - Adriamycin, vineristine, and prednisone (HOP) in the treatment of malignant histiocytosis. PMID- 6613928 TI - Picture of the month: Frontometaphyseal dysplasia. PMID- 6613929 TI - Radiological case of the month. Leptomeningeal cyst after skull fracture. PMID- 6613931 TI - Unexpected ovarian cyst in an obese, hypertensive adolescent girl. PMID- 6613930 TI - Serious infections induced by specific oral habits. PMID- 6613932 TI - Group C streptococcal pneumonia in an adolescent. PMID- 6613933 TI - Antibodies to Clostridium difficile cytotoxin in a pediatric population. PMID- 6613934 TI - Childhood lead poisoning. PMID- 6613935 TI - Pathogenesis and low birth-weight infants. PMID- 6613936 TI - Evaluation of clinical data in childhood asthma. Application of a computer file system. AB - A computer file system was used in our pediatric allergy clinic to assess the value of chest roentgenograms and hemoglobin determinations used in the examination of patients and to correlate exposure to pets and forced hot air with the severity of asthma. Among 889 children with asthma, 20.7% had abnormal chest roentgenographic findings, excluding hyperinflation and peribronchial thickening, and 0.7% had abnormal hemoglobin values. Environmental exposure to pets or forced hot air was not associated with increased severity of asthma, as assessed by five measures of outcome: number of medications administered, requirement for corticosteroids, frequency of clinic visits, frequency of emergency room visits, and frequency of hospitalizations. PMID- 6613937 TI - High plasma ascorbic acid levels in premature neonates with intraventricular hemorrhage. AB - The accumulation of ascorbic acid in the brain by active transport establishes a high brain-plasma gradient of the vitamin. An insult to the CNS may result in an efflux of ascorbate into the circulation with a consequent rise of plasma levels. We measured plasma ascorbic acid levels in premature neonates on days 1, 3, and 5 of life, and the infants underwent ultrasonographic examination to detect intracranial hemorrhage. Neonates with intraventricular hemorrhage sustained significantly higher plasma ascorbate levels than their controls. Infants with massive bleeding had higher levels than those with a smaller hemorrhage. These results suggest that an efflux of ascorbic acid into the circulation occurs secondary to intracranial hemorrhage. PMID- 6613938 TI - Occurrence of supernumerary nipples in newborns. AB - A prospective study on supernumerary nipples (SNNs) was performed on 1,691 consecutively born neonates. We used a new technique for easier routine detection of SNNs. The incidence of this anomaly was one per 40 or 25 per 1,000 live births. Association of other congenital abnormalities with SNNs was not found. PMID- 6613939 TI - Hypertension in neonatal hyperthyroidism. AB - Hypertension has only recently been reported in neonatal hyperthyroidism. We describe three children with hypertension as a prominent part of the syndrome. Antihypertensive therapy alone was ineffective in controlling elevated BP. All patients showed gradual resolution of hypertension once a euthyroid state was achieved. PMID- 6613940 TI - A near-death experience in a 7-year-old child. AB - Near-death experiences occurring to persons who have survived near-terminal events, such as cardiac arrests or profound comas, have been widely reported in the lay literature; however, there is little documentation of such events in the medical literature. These experiences generally have a consistent core of euphoric affect, an out-of-the-body state, encountering a being of light, meeting others (especially dead relatives), and going from a dark tunnel to a world of light. This core remains consistently present despite wide variations in the religious or cultural background of the person. Such an event occurred to a 7 year-old near-drowning victim. Pediatricians should be alerted to the potential need for counseling in children who have survived near-fatal events. PMID- 6613941 TI - Cat-scratch disease associated with an osteolytic lesion. AB - Lytic bone involvement accompanying cat-scratch disease has been described previously in three patients. I observed a fourth patient with this pathologic condition and noted variations among the four patients. To my knowledge, this patient is the first in whom extension from an involved lymph node to a bone was direct. PMID- 6613942 TI - Septic arthritis caused by Kingella kingae. AB - Kingella kingae is a slow-growing, fastidious gram-negative coccobacillus that is a normal inhabitant of the oropharynx of man, but it has rarely been implicated as a human pathogen. Two cases of septic arthritis caused by this organism are reported along with a review of seven previously reported cases of infections caused by this organism. Bone and joint infections predominate. Gram's-stained smears of pus from bone or joint fluid aspirate have been negative for organisms, and a delay of growth in cultures with initial difficulty in classification of the isolate is characteristic. Kingella kingae organisms have been uniformly sensitive to the penicillins and all other commonly used antibiotics that were tested. Response to treatment was good in all nine patients found to have infections caused by this organism. PMID- 6613943 TI - Age at and time since vaccination during a measles outbreak in a rural community. AB - During winter 1978, 350 cases of measles were reported in Livingston County, Michigan, a small, rural county. Of these cases, 250 occurred in the school-aged population. A search of school records and contact with parents provided complete vaccination data on 5,973 students. Attack rates in children vaccinated at the age of 12 months or younger were more than twice the rates of those vaccinated at older ages. Time since vaccination was not a statistically significant predictor using multiple logistic analysis. PMID- 6613944 TI - Convulsions in shigellosis. Evaluation of possible risk factors. AB - We studied 158 children with culture-proven shigellosis, 37 (23.4%) of whom had convulsions. Historical, clinical, and laboratory data were compared between patients with and without convulsions to define risk factors for the development of seizures. Age was the most important predisposing factor. The highest incidence of shigellosis associated with convulsions was found in children between 6 months and 4 years of age. Peak body temperature and a family history of convulsions also independently affected the development of seizures. Sex and Shigella strain showed differences between the groups but failed to reach statistical significance. PMID- 6613945 TI - Intoxication caused by ingestion of rape oil denatured with aniline. AB - One hundred seventy children, 16 months to 14 years of age, were intoxicated by the ingestion of rape oil denatured with aniline. The most frequent findings were fever, itch, adenopathy, hepatomegaly, and varied exanthems. A few weeks after the onset of the disease, more than a third of the patients experienced a syndrome similar to scleroderma. After more than nine months, three patients were found to be seriously impaired. Two girls died of measles contracted during the course of the intoxication. Prednisone caused dramatic and rapid symptomatic relief. PMID- 6613947 TI - Proper measurements in physical diagnosis. PMID- 6613946 TI - Junctional epidermolysis bullosa. Treatment with phenytoin. AB - Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a rare, heritable, blistering disease of the skin characterized by presence of bullae at birth, lack of scarring of the lesions, and early death. To date there has been no effective treatment for the disease. Phenytoin, which decreases collagenase activity in human skin explants and fibroblast cultures, has been used successfully to treat patients with recessive dystrophic EB. We found a marked decrease in new blister formation in one child with junctional EB during phenytoin therapy. PMID- 6613948 TI - Upper limb standards in newborns. AB - The present study assists the clinician in determining an abnormal upper limb in the newborn. To define standards for upper limb measurements in the newborn, 198 term and preterm infants (gestational age range, 27 to 41 weeks) were examined. In every case, the gestational age was determined chronologically and clinically, and the total length of the arm, upper extremity and forearm lengths, and total hand and middle finger lengths were measured by two observers using standard techniques. Normal values were determined by plotting the mean +/- 2 SDs for each gestational week v the gestational age. PMID- 6613949 TI - Pneumococcal vaccine in normal children. Primary and secondary vaccination. AB - A pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine containing 50 micrograms of each of 14 pneumococcal types was administered to 79 children 2 to 5 years of age. In earlier studies, 52 of these children had received pneumococcal vaccine; 27 had received a placebo. Local reactions were significantly greater in the reimmunized group. Antibody response to the vaccine was similar in both groups. Mean fold rises to most vaccine components were at least twofold. The response to specific pneumococcal types was unrelated to the frequency with which each type causes illness. Response to type 6 continued to be poor for children up to age 5 years. A vaccine with improved immunogenicity must be developed before widespread use in normal children is advocated. However, the 14-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine currently available is moderately immunogenic in children by age 2 years and should be given to patients with increased risk of pneumococcal illness at that time. PMID- 6613950 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of infective endocarditis in children. AB - We examined 11 children with infective endocarditis initially and serially by two dimensional echocardiography. Nine (82%) of the 11 patients had echocardiographic findings at initial examination compatible with infective endocarditis. These results provided strong evidence in support of the diagnosis before bacteriologic confirmation was available. Congestive heart failure, major emboli, and/or the need for surgical intervention occurred in seven of the nine patients with positive two-dimensional echocardiograms. Echocardiographic evidence of vegetations persisted during antibiotic therapy and resolved slowly during many months. Serial echocardiograms were useful in cases in which obvious valve destruction or marked increase in vegetation size imaged echocardiographically could be combined with clinical evidence of progressive heart failure to support a decision for early surgical intervention. Two-dimensional echocardiography can make important contributions to the diagnosis and management of children with infective endocarditis. PMID- 6613951 TI - Herpetic whitlow. Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment. AB - Herpetic whitlow is a herpes simplex virus infection of a distal phalanx. It is characterized by pain, swelling, erythema, and nonpurulent vesicle formation. Herpetic whitlow follows direct inoculation (exogenous or autogenous) or reactivation of latent virus. In children, it most frequently occurs following a primary oral herpes infection. In adolescents, herpetic whitlow is commonly associated with genital herpes infections. In adults, it frequently occurs in medical personnel who have contact with patients' oral secretions or is associated with genital herpes infections. The diagnosis of herpetic whitlow is readily confirmed by Tzanck test and culture. It is important to distinguish herpetic whitlow from bacterial felon or paronychia, as herpetic whitlow is a self-limited infection for which surgical incision is not indicated. We described herpetic whitlow in five children, one adolescent, and two pediatric residents. PMID- 6613952 TI - Clinicians' assessments of children's understanding of illness. AB - Optimal communication between providers of child health care and their patients depends on appropriate expectations of what the children can understand. Recently the developmental stages in children's understanding of the mechanisms of cause, prevention, and treatment of illness have been delineated. We studied the accuracy of clinicians' knowledge of these developmental stages. Pediatricians, nurses, and child development students were asked to estimate the age at which children made typical responses to five questions regarding illness mechanisms. Clinicians usually overestimated the age of younger children and underestimated the age of older children; they correctly estimated children's ages less than 40% of the time. Child health care providers might communicate more effectively with their patients if they became more familiar with typical stages in children's understanding of illness concepts. PMID- 6613953 TI - After-hours telephone use in urban pediatric primary care centers. AB - Controversy exists regarding use of after-hours telephone systems by families unaccustomed to formal call systems. Our study compared the use of these systems by patients from two urban pediatric health centers with that by enrollees from three suburban private practices. The age-adjusted call rates were similar for all practices. However, a significantly higher proportion of health center calls came late at night and resulted in examination of the child. For all practices, call rates varied with age, from 6.0 calls per night per 1,000 patients for infants to 0.2 call per night per 1,000 patients for teenagers. Calls concerning younger children and late-night calls were more frequently judged inappropriate. Parents using health centers communicated their concerns as effectively as those using private practices and were similarly satisfied. Of all health center patients seeking advice after hours, 80% properly followed established pathways. PMID- 6613954 TI - Varicella in immunocompromised children. Incidence of abdominal pain and organ involvement. AB - The medical records of 31 immunocompromised patients who experienced varicella infections from 1975 to 1982 were reviewed. Fifteen of these patients had visceral involvement. In these 15 patients, two clinical patterns of progression were noted: (1) Eleven patients with life-threatening involvement experienced hepatitis (n = 11), pneumonitis (n = 11), abdominal pain (n = 11), encephalopathy (n = 10), coagulopathy (n = 10), inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (ADH) syndrome (n = 10), back pain or myalgia (n = 5), and myocarditis (n = 1). Seven of these patients survived, all without sequelae. (2) Four patients with a milder course experienced subclinical hepatitis (n = 4), mild pneumonitis (n = 4), postinfectious encephalitis (n = 1), and septic arthritis associated with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (n = 1). All four of these patients recovered completely. In patients with severe involvement, intense abdominal pain was frequently the first sign of dissemination. Abdominal pain and inappropriate ADH syndrome were unexplained and have not been previously described in progressive varicella. A predictable pattern of organ involvement enabled starting therapy early and resulted in the survival of 11 of 15 patients. PMID- 6613955 TI - Dietary intake of lead and blood lead concentration in early infancy. AB - Under circumstances of low prenatal exposure to lead and low nondietary exposure to lead postnatally, four breast-fed infants and 25 formula-fed infants were studied to determine the relation between dietary intake of lead and blood lead concentration. From 8 through 111 days of age, the mean dietary intake of lead by the formula-fed infants was 17 micrograms/day (3 to 4 micrograms/kg/day), and intake of lead by the breast-fed infants was estimated to be only slightly greater. The mean blood lead concentration at the age of 112 days was 6.1 micrograms/dL. From 112 through 195 days of age, 17 infants continued in the study: ten received a mean dietary intake of lead of 16 micrograms/day, and seven received a mean intake of 61 micrograms/day. At 196 days of age, mean blood lead concentrations were significantly different (7.2 and 14.4 micrograms/dL, respectively). PMID- 6613956 TI - George Armstrong award address. Secondary care. The role of the community hospital in pediatrics. PMID- 6613957 TI - Picture of the month. Mucolipodsis I. PMID- 6613958 TI - Recurrent meningitis with brain abscess in infancy. PMID- 6613959 TI - Successfully treated pulmonary valve endocarditis in a normal neonate. PMID- 6613960 TI - Isolation of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis from feces of a newborn. PMID- 6613962 TI - Campylobacter enteritis associated with convulsions. PMID- 6613961 TI - Apparent intentional poisoning of an infant with acetaminophen. PMID- 6613963 TI - Drug therapy for giardiasis. PMID- 6613964 TI - Campaign of terror. PMID- 6613965 TI - A freeze fracture study of Crohn's disease of the terminal ileum: changes in epithelial tight junction organization. AB - Freeze fracture replicas of the plasma membrane and tight junctions of epithelial cells of the terminal ileum from 10 patients with Crohn's disease involving the small bowel and from the terminal ileum of two patients without inflammatory bowel disease were studied to determine if significant morphological variations could be documented. Samples of diseased tissue were taken from: 1) macroscopically normal ileal resection margins, 2) pinpoint aphthoid ulcers, 3) small 5 mm ulcers, 4) cobblestone mucosa. Samples of ileal mucosa from the proximal margin of ileocolic resections for carcinoma of the right colon were identically processed and served as controls. Control specimens showed normal villus structures lined by absorptive and goblet cells linked to adjacent cells by four to seven tight junction strands, arranged as an anastomosing network of fibrils oriented perpendicularly to the long axis of the cell. Crohn's disease specimens taken from the cobblestone area displayed the greatest degree of tight junction disorganization. Tight junctions commonly formed bizarre patterns, were fragmented, and often showed misalignment in a direction parallel to the cell axis. Specimens taken from areas 2 and 3 displayed a less severe form of tight junction rearrangement. Junctional strand fragmentations, as well as areas of plasma membrane lacking strands, were apparent. The resection margins had minor irregularities in junctional structure in some, but not all, cases. The predominant alteration in those cases which showed change was varying degrees of strand fragmentation. We postulate that the tight junction abnormalities of epithelial cells from the terminal ileum of patients with Crohn's disease may contribute to a disturbance in barrier functions. PMID- 6613966 TI - Esophageal involvement in Behcet's disease. AB - Esophageal involvement in Behcet's disease is very uncommon, only 21 cases have previously been reported. We have observed five cases with this disease, and investigated the clinical, morphological, and histological aspects of these cases. Esophageal lesions in Behcet's disease occurred more frequently in male patients with the incomplete type. Laboratory data revealed an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and a strongly positive C-reactive protein. The middle portion of the esophagus was most commonly involved. There were several morphological forms of esophageal lesions including erosions, perforated ulcers, widely spreading esophagitis, and severe stenosis. Therefore, there was no unique form to the esophageal lesions in contrast to the ileocolonic ulcers in intestinal Behcet's disease. Histological examination revealed lymphocytic or neutrophilic infiltration in ulcerative lesions. Vasculitis was rarely observed. PMID- 6613967 TI - The effect of methylprednisolone on bile-treated gastric mucosal lysosomes. AB - Various investigators have reported that steroids have ulcerogenic properties both in the experimental and clinical situation, while others have reported that steroids will protect against acute ulcer formation. Lysosomal enzyme studies were carried out to investigate the role of steroids on gastric mucosal lysosomal membrane stability. Antral mucosa from normal male mongrel dogs were centrifuged, and the lysosomes isolated. The lysosomes were then incubated in different concentrations of methylprednisolone. Methylprednisolone at the lower doses caused increased free lysosomal enzyme release and decreased lysosome latency. However, at the higher dose, methylprednisolone did not alter lysosome latency. These results may explain the common finding that methylprednisolone at higher doses, causes gastric mucosal damage, while at lower doses it protects gastric mucosa against irritants. PMID- 6613968 TI - Campylobacter-induced toxic megacolon. AB - A case of a compromised host with myeloproliferative syndrome who presented with severe, relentless but nonbloody diarrhea, fever, severe colitis, and toxic megacolon is presented. Blood cultures grew out Campylobacter fetus ssp. fetus. Specific treatment with erythromycin reversed the grave clinical picture to normal in a 5-day period. PMID- 6613969 TI - Intestinal myiasis. AB - With international travel increasing to more rural areas, physicians must be aware of the accidental ingestion of fly ova from contaminated food, which results in the fecal passage of these nondigestible eggs. The purpose of this report is to review this entity. PMID- 6613970 TI - Flexible versus rigid sigmoidoscopy: a comparison using an inexpensive 35-cm flexible proctosigmoidoscope. AB - Seventy-one patients with symptoms of colorectal disease were evaluated with the rigid 25-cm sigmoidoscope and an inexpensive 35-cm flexible proctosigmoidoscope (American Optical FPS-2) to determine if the latter is a diagnostically reliable alternative for routine sigmoidoscopy. Examination time was comparable, 3.6 min for the rigid and 4.2 min for the flexible sigmoidoscope. Average insertion length was 21 cm for the rigid and 29.5 cm for the flexible instrument. Forty-two patients had more discomfort during the rigid versus nine during the flexible examination. Significant lesions were documented in eight patients with the rigid and 13 with the flexible sigmoidoscope. One rectal carcinoma and seven polyps were detected with both instruments, while an additional nine polyps were documented only with the flexible instrument. The 35-cm flexible proctosigmoidoscope may be a feasible alternative for routine sigmoidoscopy. PMID- 6613971 TI - Serum immunoreactive cationic trypsinogen response to secretin in normal subjects. AB - Serum immunoreactive cationic trypsinogen (ICT) response to bolus injection of secretin (1 Clinical Units/kg of body weight) has been evaluated in 123 normal controls and related to sex, age, smoking habit, and alcohol and coffee consumption. A 100% increase of serum immunoreactive cationic trypsinogen levels after secretin has been considered as a positive response (R+). When the population was considered as a whole, 55% of subjects proved to be R+ and the remaining were R-. In the R+ group the serum immunoreactive cationic trypsinogen response was appreciated as early as 5 min after secretin and even after 2 min in the few cases in which it was evaluated. It is suggested that this direct leakage of the proenzyme from the pancreas may be due to an increased sensitivity of the pancreas to secretin. Coffee consumption and age of subjects did not affect the test. Male sex, smoking habit, and alcohol intake were associated with a significantly higher percentage of R+. Therefore, we suggest that alcohol and smoking might result in the development of biochemical abnormalities in pancreatic function before the appearance of clinical evidence of pancreatic disease. PMID- 6613972 TI - Treatment of liver hydatid disease with mebendazole: a prospective study of thirteen cases. AB - We have prospectively studied the evolution of 13 patients with liver hydatid cysts treated with mebendazole. Two patients also had peritoneal hydatid disease in addition to liver cysts. One of the two also had a retrovesical cyst. Liver cysts disappeared in three patients. In one, the liver cyst reappeared and in another a new cyst was observed after treatment was stopped. Therapy was most effective in young patients, in small cysts, in one case of peritoneal hydatid disease and in one case of a retrovesical cyst. Side effects warranted interruption of therapy in three cases, although we cannot be sure that they were due to mebendazole treatment. We recommend long-term patient follow-up once the cyst can no longer be identified by ultrasound. PMID- 6613973 TI - Mucosal diaphragm and enteroliths of the small bowel causing obstruction in an adult. AB - A case of an ileal mucosal diaphragm with enteroliths causing obstruction in a 67 year-old man is reported. The distal site of the mucosal diaphragm, its relative patency, and the late formation of enteroliths, are thought to be the reasons for the delayed clinical manifestations of intestinal obstruction leading to the diagnosis of the abnormality. PMID- 6613974 TI - Gastroenterology and the law. PMID- 6613975 TI - Recurrent urban histoplasmosis, Indianapolis, Indiana, 1980-1981. AB - In January 1981, informal surveillance of acute histoplasmosis in Indianapolis, Indiana, revealed a marked increase in disease activity for the last quarter of 1980. Fifty-one patients with onset of acute histoplasmosis during this period were identified through review of hospital admissions, emergency room visits, and serologic records at Indianapolis hospitals and the Indiana State Board of Health. In a retrospective case-control study, the authors found a significant association between developing acute histoplasmosis during this period and working or attending classes in a 2 sq mi (5.2 sq km) area encompassing the Indiana University-Purdue University campus (p = 0.015, Fisher's exact test). A review of construction activities on or near the campus during the epidemic period suggested that the probable source of infection was excavation activity for a large new indoor swimming complex (natatorium). Skin tests and serosurveys of students on campus by a newly developed radioimmunoassay for histoplasmal immunoglobulin M antibodies supported the association of infection with exposure to this site (p less than 0.05). PMID- 6613976 TI - Influenza B virus infections in the community and the family. The epidemics of 1976-1977 and 1979-1980 in Houston, Texas. AB - Influenza B virus epidemics occurred in Houston, Texas, in 1976-1977 and 1979 1980. Among families with young children followed longitudinally in the Houston Family Study, 112 infections were detected during 511 person-years of observation. The infection rates for the two epidemics were similar--24 per cent and 20 per cent--although the two epidemics differed greatly in the community. The first epidemic was much more intense with a mid-winter peak that produced school absentee rates above 12 per cent for four consecutive weeks. The indolent epidemic of 1979-1980 smoldered from late September to mid-April with a peak during the second week of March for which school absenteeism did not exceed 8 per cent. In the Houston Family Study population, the combined infection rate for the two outbreaks was highest at 35 per 100 person-years for school children aged 6 19 years. Preschool children aged 7 months-5 years and adults had infection rates of 31 and 16 per 100 person-years, respectively. Preexisting neutralizing antibody titers greater than or equal to 3.5 log2 protected against influenza B infection and illness. Preschool children above 6 months of age, school age children, and parents introduced infection into the family at rates of 15, 15, and 9 per 100 person-years, respectively. Three second introductions were observed. The secondary infection rate was highest among school aged children at 61 per 100 persons at risk. PMID- 6613977 TI - Sodium-lithium countertransport in erythrocytes of hypertension prone families in Utah. AB - Sodium-lithium countertransport was measured in July 1980-December 1982 in 841 persons from 48 Utah families prone to hypertension. Mean countertransport in 54 hypertensive adults (0.32 +/- 0.01 standard error of the mean) was significantly higher than in 511 normotensive adults (0.26 +/- 0.005, p less than 0.001) but with much overlap between the two groups. This difference was observed in both men and women. Only 26% of the subjects with essential hypertension had values above 0.40 (considered "high" by most other published reports). High values were seen in only 2% of 276 youths under age 18 years in contrast to 11% of the normotensive adults (p less than 0.001). Among normotensive adults, countertransport was higher in men than women, and correlated with weight, diastolic blood pressure, and age (all significant at p less than 0.01). None of these findings were seen in youths. In multivariate analyses, only weight continued to be significantly correlated with countertransport. The difference between countertransport levels in hypertensive vs. normotensive adults remained significant even after adjusting for weight. While confirming other reports of higher mean sodium-lithium countertransport in persons with essential hypertension, this study shows much overlap of values between groups and potential confounding effects of weight. When the authors compared their results with studies that show little overlap between hypertensive and normotensive adults, they found that the data for the normotensive adults in this study are similar to those reported in the other studies, but that the hypertensive adults include a larger percentage of individuals with low countertransport values. PMID- 6613978 TI - Spouse concordance for systolic and diastolic blood pressure. AB - Eighty-two per cent of all adult residents of Rancho Bernardo, California, participated in a study of the prevalence of heart disease risk factors in 1972 1974. Spouse correlations for systolic and diastolic blood pressure were examined in 1702 spouse pairs including 403 spouse pairs married 40 or more years. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed significant spouse correlation after adjustment for spouse similarities in age and relative weight (r = 0.102 for systolic, r = 0.114 for diastolic, p less than or equal to 0.05). An examination of blood pressure correlations by duration of marriage and age of wife showed correlations to be influenced by age of wife rather than duration of marriage. Spouse correlations were lowest when the wife was aged 40-49 years and highest when the wife was 50-59 years of age. The differential concordance by wife's age is compatible with different degrees of shared behaviors for couples at different ages. PMID- 6613979 TI - Changes in coronary heart disease risk factors associated with increased treadmill time in 753 men. AB - Associations between changes in treadmill time and changes in coronary heart disease risk factors were studied in 753 middle-aged men seen between 1978-1981 at the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, Texas. Men were free of known disease at baseline. Significant increases (p less than 0.01) in exercise habits and treadmill time were seen over the course of the study; average follow-up was 1.6 years. In bivariate analyses, increases in treadmill time and weight loss were associated with improvements (p less than 0.01) in risk factors. Multiple regression models were calculated for several risk factors with age, length of follow-up, change in weight, and change in treadmill time as independent variables. After controlling for confounding, increase in treadmill time was independently associated with decreases in the total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio (p less than 0.01) and serum uric acid (p less than 0.05). High density lipoprotein-cholesterol rose with increase in treadmill time (p less than 0.05). PMID- 6613980 TI - Isolated systolic hypertension and mortality after age 60 years. A prospective population-based study. AB - A total of 165 out of 2636 adults aged 60 years or older (6.3 per cent) in Rancho Bernardo, California, had isolated systolic hypertension with a systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 160 mmHg and a diastolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg when studied in 1972-1974. A 6.4-year follow-up of this cohort showed isolated systolic hypertension to be as important a risk factor for all cause mortality as other types of hypertension in both men and women (adjusted relative risk = 1.5, p greater than 0.10). After adjustment for age and other covariates, male but not female subjects with isolated systolic hypertension experienced an excess risk of death from stroke (relative risk = 4.0, p less than 0.10), a relative risk exceeding that seen in men with treated hypertension. Isolated systolic hypertension was unassociated with an excess risk of fatal ischemic heart disease in subjects of either sex in this population. The excess risk of death and stroke is consistent with results published elsewhere, and supports the concept that isolated systolic hypertension is not a benign condition of the elderly. The efficacy and safety of therapeutic intervention in older adults with isolated systolic hypertension remain to be determined. PMID- 6613982 TI - Estimators of relative risk for case-control studies. AB - The odds ratio from a case-control study of the "cumulative-incidence" type can be used as an estimate of the relative risk of a disease attributable to exposure to an agent only when the incidence of the disease is low. The odds ratio can be modified to obtain an accurate estimate of the relative risk, regardless of the incidence of the disease. This modification of the odds ratio can be performed with any one of four types of auxiliary information: overall probability of disease, probability of disease in the unexposed population, probability of disease in the exposed population, or overall probability of exposure. For "incidence density" case-control studies, the odds ratio equals the relative risk when the estimate of exposure in the comparison group can be considered to be an estimate of the overall probability of exposure in the population at risk. Under certain conditions, such "case-exposure" studies may be preferable to cohort studies and to cumulative-incidence case-control studies. The authors present an approach to hypothesis testing for crude and stratified data from a case-exposure study. PMID- 6613981 TI - A method for estimating year of birth using social security number. AB - A method for estimating year of birth using only Social Security number is described. The method relies on estimating the year of issue of the Social Security number, using either precise information from a Social Security Administration table (for numbers issued since 1950) or extrapolation (for numbers issued before 1951). Age at issue was estimated using data from individuals in an occupationally defined population for whom both birth date and Social Security number were known. Year of birth is then year of issue minus age at issue. A highly statistically significant correlation of 0.91 for known vs. estimated year of birth was observed. Predictions correct within +/- 5 years were achieved for 78 per cent of the entire study population. For individuals born after approximately 1934, predictions within +/- 5 years of the correct year were achieved 95 per cent of the time, and within +/- 2 years 77 per cent of the time. The method may be useful in epidemiologic research in situations in which date of birth is missing. Some applications are discussed. PMID- 6613983 TI - Protein kinases in normal human blood cells. AB - Protein kinases active on basic and acidic artificial substrates were investigated in normal human erythrocytes, platelets, polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells. These two types of protein kinases were partially purified by affinity chromatography, then assayed for their enzymatic activity using [gamma 32P]ATP or GTP as phosphoryl donor. Partially purified kinases active on acidic substrates were subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Protein kinases active on basic substrates were analyzed by cellulose acetate electrophoresis of crude cellular extracts and the influence of 3'5' cyclic AMP was studied. Three forms of casein-phosvitin kinases could be distinguished according to their molecular weight (165 K, 38 K, and 31 K). The 165 K species, in contrast to the light species, can use GTP instead of ATP as phosphoryl donor and corresponds to the "so-called" casein kinase 2. This form is very sensitive to proteolysis and, when partial purification is performed without the addition of various antiproteolytic agents, it is degraded into 120-135 K and 105-115 K active species; this artefactual degradative process is especially active in platelet extracts. As many as eight different active bands of histone and protamine kinases can be separated by cellulose acetate electrophoresis, several of them being stimulated by cyclic AMP. Isozymic patterns of protein kinases, levels of activity on the different substrates, and utilization of ATP and GTP were found to be specific for each cell type. These results suggest the possibility of using protein kinases as markers for cell differentiation. PMID- 6613984 TI - Heinz-body anemia: "bite cell" variant--a light and electron microscopic study. AB - Light and scanning electron microscopic studies of blood from five patients with drug-induced oxidant hemolysis are presented. None of the patients had a previous history of hemolytic disease and laboratory studies indicated no evidence of either glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency or unstable hemoglobinopathy. Although the red cell deformities in our patients overlapped to some extent with those reported in patients with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) and in patients with G6PD deficiency undergoing oxidant hemolysis, striking differences were also observed. Cell fragments, commonly found in patients with MAHA, and eccentrocytes, frequently found in patients with G6PD deficiency undergoing oxidant hemolysis, were seldom found in blood samples from the five patients in this study. Bite cells were extremely common in our patients. They are rare in patients with either of the above disorders. An awareness of the morphologic abnormalities detailed in this report may help characterize the nature of a hemolytic process so that appropriate therapy can be initiated. PMID- 6613985 TI - Diminished adherence of sickle erythrocytes to cultured vascular endothelium by piracetam. AB - Erythrocytes from both normal and sickle cell donors were incubated on a bed of cultured rat vascular endothelial cells. Although the adherence of the erythrocytes to the endothelial cells was equivalent for both classes of donor, addition of 1.5 mM piracetam significantly decreased this adherence regardless of donor. PMID- 6613986 TI - Alterations of nuclear size profiles in AKR/J mice with spontaneous or transplanted leukemia. AB - Electronic sizing with a Coulter Counter was used to measure the frequency and number of cells with a large nuclear volume in tissues from AKR/J mice with spontaneous, long passaged, or first passage leukemia. The mean percentage of cells with a large nuclear volume was 1% in the blood, 4% in the spleen, 10% in the bone marrow, and 5% in the thymus of nonleukemic AKR/J mice. The percentage of cells with a large nucleus increased to 14-83% in all four tissues from AKR/J mice with spontaneous leukemia. In mice with a long passaged leukemia, a progressive increase in the percentage of cells with a large nucleus in the spleen and blood was associated with an increase in the number of cells/tissue with a large nucleus. However, in the bone marrow, an increase in percentage of cells with a large nuclear volume appeared to be the result of a decrease in the number of cells/humerus with a small nuclear volume. In the thymus, there was only a slight increase in the percentage of cells with a large nucleus. In mice with a first passage leukemia, there was a progressive increase, until death of the animals (21 +/- 1.9 days), in thymus weight and in the percentage of cells with a large nucleus. Also, the number of cells with a large nucleus increased in the spleen and bone marrow until day 12. Thereafter, there was a decrease in the total number of cells and number of cells with a large nucleus. PMID- 6613987 TI - Hemopoietic stromal microenvironment. PMID- 6613988 TI - Prescribing medication in dialysis centers. PMID- 6613989 TI - Antimicrobial therapy in patients with impaired renal function. AB - In order to formulate a thoughtful and rational approach to drug dosing in renal failure, the nephrologist must consider several features that influence drug disposition in uremia. Drug bioavailability is generally adversely influenced in patients with renal disease. Drug distribution is frequently altered to an unpredictable degree. Drug protein binding is affected not only by changes in the amount of circulating binding protein but also by the accumulation of endogenous toxins. Renal failure frequently affects drug biotransformation. Drug-dosing tables and nomograms are important; however, they are not a substitute for an encompassing clinical approach and sound clinical judgment. PMID- 6613990 TI - Principles of drug dose adjustment during hemodialysis. AB - Drug removal during dialysis is influenced by physical properties of the drug, its pharmacokinetics, and by the choice of artificial kidney. The amount of drug removed during dialysis can be estimated in several ways. If changes in drug concentration produced by dialysis are used, one must be certain that postdialysis drug reequilibration is complete. PMID- 6613991 TI - Pharmacokinetics of common antibiotics used in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - To establish therapeutic guidelines for the use of antibiotics in patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), we studied the single dose pharmacokinetics of cefazolin, tobramycin, and vancomycin given intravenously (IV) and intraperitoneally (IP) as well as cephalexin given orally. By the IV or oral route, the antibiotics exhibited half-lives similar to those described in nondialysed, functionally anephric patients. CAPD accounted for only a negligible fraction of the total body clearance when the drugs were given by the IV route. However, when given IP, the drugs were promptly absorbed and achieved therapeutic serum concentrations. The kinetic principle of superposition was applied to predict plasma concentrations after repetitive IP dosing. Therapeutic guidelines are provided. PMID- 6613992 TI - Urinary sodium and chloride during renal salt retention. AB - One hundred ten episodes of renal salt retention (urinary sodium and/or chloride less than 10 mEq/L) were studied retrospectively to determine the significance of discordance of urinary sodium from chloride. In 16 episodes the urinary sodium exceeded chloride by at least 15 mEq/L. This disparity was associated with the necessity for urinary excretion of substantial quantities of poorly reabsorbed anions (penicillin, ketones, or diatrizoate), a rapidly falling serum bicarbonate level (due to resolving metabolic or developing respiratory alkalosis), or substantial renal insufficiency (serum creatinine greater than 3 mg/dL). In 14 of 110 episodes, urinary chloride exceeded urinary sodium by at least 15 mEq/L. These patients were more often oliguric and had a higher mean serum chloride than patients without this dissociation. In patients with oliguria, hyponatremia, or metabolic alkalosis, measurement of urinary sodium or chloride alone will, in a substantial number of cases, fail to detect renal salt retention. When evidence is sought for renal salt retention, both urinary sodium and chloride should be determined. PMID- 6613993 TI - Angiographic visualization for percutaneous renal biopsy. AB - Fifteen patients underwent visualization of the kidney for percutaneous biopsy by selective renal angiography. Biopsies were performed in 11 patients, and adequate renal tissue was obtained in all instances. Postbiopsy angiogram revealed pinpoint bleeding in ten patients and significant extravasation in one case, which was controlled with a selective epinephrine infusion. In four cases, biopsy was not performed when the cortex was found to be less than 5 mm thick. PMID- 6613994 TI - Analysis of a new technique to stabilize the chronic peritoneal dialysis catheter. AB - A significant cause of morbidity for peritoneal dialysis patients is catheter dysfunction. In our experience, the most common cause of catheter dysfunction was cephalad migration of the catheter tip out of the true pelvis. A new technique for catheter placement that reduces catheter migration from 35% to 6% (P less than .01 chi 2) is described. Our results demonstrate that peritoneal catheters which dysfunction because of catheter flip generally do so in the first 3 months. PMID- 6613995 TI - Duplication 9q34 syndrome. AB - Phenotypic, karyotypic, and developmental homology between affected children of carriers of an inverted insertion (9) (q22.1q34.3q34.1) led to recognition of a new chromosome syndrome: dup 9q34. Individuals with dup 9q34 have slight psychomotor retardation, understand simple directions, and acquire a limited vocabulary. In childhood, many are hyperactive. Clinical features include low birth weight, normal birth length, and initial poor feeding and thriving. Musculo skeletal systems are affected: there are joint contractures, long thin limbs, and striking arachnodactyly. There is abnormal implantation of the thumb, increased space between the first and second fingers, and excess digital creases. Marfan syndrome was a provisional diagnosis for several cases prior to cytogenetic analysis. Cardiovascular and ocular systems are minimally affected, erythema and heart murmurs occur, and ptosis and strabismus are frequent, but lens dislocation is not observed. Features at birth include: dolichocephaly, facial asymmetry, narrow horizontal palpebral fissures, microphthalmia, prominent nasal bridge, small mouth, thin upper lip with down-turned corners, and slight retrognathia. In older children, retrognathia is diminished and the nose becomes long and narrow. The new culture and chromosome banding techniques enable sorting of cases with the distal dup 9q phenotype into two groups. The cases with a longer dup 9q are more likely to develop with life-threatening congenital anomalies. The cases with the shorter dup 9q34 have a less severe long-term prognosis and will benefit, together with their parents, from special education. Female carriers of the inv ins(9) (q22.1q34.3q34.1) have about a 31% risk in each pregnancy to conceive a fetus affected by the dup 9q34 syndrome. A comparable figure is not yet available for male carriers. PMID- 6613996 TI - The blepharophimosis, ptosis, and epicanthus inversus syndrome: delineation of two types. AB - The blepharophimosis, ptosis, and epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES) is rare and autosomal dominant. A family is presented and analyzed together with 38 kindreds with BPES reported in the literature. The results demonstrate the existence of two types of the syndrome: type I with infertility in affected females, and type II which is transmitted by females and males. The two entities are further differentiated by incomplete penetrance only in type II and by differences in the sex ratios of the affected children. Female infertility in type I is a predominant symptom, and the distinction between the two types is of importance for genetic counseling. PMID- 6613998 TI - Epistatic two-locus models: bias in estimate of theta. PMID- 6613997 TI - A new rare variant of the glyoxalase I system of the red cell: GLO-Sicily. AB - A fast variant of the red cell enzyme glyoxalase I was identified in a sample of 663 persons from Eastern Sicily; the allele was designated GLOSi. The gene frequencies for the common alleles GLO1 and GLO2 are not different from those observed in other southern Italian populations, and are in agreement with the hypothesis of a westward gene flow from Asia. PMID- 6613999 TI - Neutrality or selection at HLA? PMID- 6614000 TI - Evidence that altered embryonic selection contributes to maternal-age effect in aneuploidy: a spurious conclusion attributable to pooling of heterogeneous data? PMID- 6614002 TI - Additional evidence for fragile X activity in heterozygous carriers. AB - The result of a previous study showing an association between mental development and fragile X activity in heterozygous females is given further support by similar investigations of three additional kindreds. The increased frequency of demonstrable fragile X chromosomes in mentally retarded females appears to be due to an increase in the active fragile X while the inactive marker X remains at a similar low frequency in all heterozygotes whether retarded or not. The frequencies of the active fragile X separated the normal and abnormal subjects into two distinct populations. The suggested inverse correlation between the number of lymphocytes with detectable fragile X chromosomes and advancing age can be attributed to ascertainment biases. PMID- 6614001 TI - A unified model for complex segregation analysis. AB - Various methods have been proposed for statistical inference of major genes by segregation analysis of human familial data. An attempt is made to resolve some divergences that have occurred in this context by the consideration of a unified model, with some practical applications. PMID- 6614003 TI - Intracellular folate distribution in cultured fibroblasts from patients with the fragile X syndrome. AB - Altered folate metabolism has been suggested as a possible reason for expression of the fragile X chromosome in low-folate medium. However, there were no significant differences in the total folate content or in the distribution of folate cofactors between fibroblasts from patients with the fragile X chromosome and those of controls both before and after a period of folate starvation. Fragile X and control fibroblasts lose folate at an equivalent rate. Insofar as folate content and distribution reflect a primary abnormality of folate metabolism, there appears to be no such abnormality in the fragile X syndrome. PMID- 6614004 TI - Complete chromomere map of mid/late pachytene human oocytes. AB - A complete chromomere map of the mid/late human pachytene oocyte has been developed from ovaries of 35 fetuses at 18-22 weeks gestation. Bivalents, which were all specifically identifiable, were more extended than comparable human spermatocyte bivalents. The total number of chromomeres found was 639, exceeding both the number of human pachytene spermatocytes and the number of mitotic bands seen in metaphase somatic chromosomes. Each oocyte bivalent contained more chromomeres than the number of corresponding prometaphase chromosome bands. Similarities and differences were noted in regional comparisons of chromomere distribution between oocytes and spermatocytes. PMID- 6614005 TI - Assignment of the alpha and beta chains of human propionyl-CoA carboxylase to genetic complementation groups. AB - Propionicacidemia is a metabolic disorder resulting from a deficiency of propionyl-CoA carboxylase activity. The enzyme is composed of two polypeptides: a 72,000-dalton alpha chain which contains the biotin ligand and a 56,000-dalton beta chain. It has been suggested that the two major complementation groups in this disorder, pccA and pccBC (with subgroups pccB and pccC), correspond to the genes encoding these two chains. To correlate gene product with complementation groups, 15 mutant and four normal human fibroblast strains were analyzed by [35S]methionine and [3H]biotin labeling. Immunoprecipitation and gel electrophoresis of the polypeptides revealed that alpha chains are synthesized by mutants of pccBC and both subgroups but not in four out of five pccA mutants. On the other hand, beta chains were detected only in pccB mutants. We suggest that pccA encodes the alpha chain of PCC while pccBC encodes the beta chain, and furthermore predict that the beta chain is unstable in the absence of the alpha chain. PMID- 6614006 TI - Ganglioside GM2 N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminidase activity in cultured fibroblasts of late-infantile and adult GM2 gangliosidosis patients and of healthy probands with low hexosaminidase level. AB - A sensitive assay was developed to assess the ability of extracts from cultured fibroblasts to catabolize ganglioside GM2, in the presence of the natural activator protein but without detergents. This method, which permitted the reliable determination of residual activities as low as 0.1% of normal controls, was then used to measure ganglioside GM2 hydrolase activities in fibroblasts from several hexosaminidase variants. The residual activities thus determined correlated well with the clinical status of the respective proband: infantile Tay Sachs (0.1% of normal controls), late-infantile (0.5%), and adult GM2 gangliosidoses (2%-4%) and healthy probands with "low hexosaminidase" (11% and 20%). In contrast, beta-hexosaminidase A levels as measured with the synthetic substrate 4-MU-GlcNAc could not be relied on for diagnostic purposes (the late infantile patient studied retained 80% of the activity of controls). PMID- 6614009 TI - A two-generation study of human sex-ratio variation. AB - We report here the first vertical population study of human sex-ratio variation. Sex-ratio data for 2 generations from Akita, Japan, have been analyzed. Parental age, birth order, sequences of the sexes at birth, and generations have no statistically significant effect on sex ratio. There is a slight excess of males at birth, as is typical for human sex-ratio studies. There is evidence of sex ratio-dependent family planning. An analysis of vertical transmission of sex ratio modifying factors that excludes effects of birth order in both the parental and offspring generations has detected a marginally significant paternal effect. Genetic variability of the sex ratio, if present at all, is of a very minor magnitude. PMID- 6614007 TI - Sister chromatid exchange and proliferation pattern after ultrasound exposure in vivo. AB - The sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency and cell-cycle specific metaphase patterns were investigated in PHA-stimulated lymphocytes in vitro after in vivo exposure of 15 patients to diagnostic ultrasound. No significant differences were found in SCE rates before and after ultrasound exposure. The evaluation of cell cycle specific metaphase patterns, differentiating cells which passed one, two, or more cell cycles, gave no evidence for a cell-growth inhibitory effect. Since SCE is regarded as a highly sensitive method for the detection of mutagenic effects, our data confirm previous reports on the genetic safety of diagnostic ultrasound. PMID- 6614008 TI - Genetic regulation of plasma and red blood cell magnesium concentration in man. II. Segregation analysis. AB - A previous paper in this series reported that genetic factors play a major role in the familial transmission of plasma (P) and red blood cell (RBC) magnesium (Mg) concentrations. We report here the results of commingling analysis based on a random sample of unrelated individuals, and complex segregation analysis of a random sample of nuclear families. For RBC Mg, there is evidence for a mixture of two distributions, but not for three. For P Mg, there is no evidence for commingling. Complex segregation analysis under a mixed model yielded significant support for a major gene effect on RBC Mg, but not on P Mg. Parameter estimates indicated that the data are compatible with a rather common major gene (q = .23) for elevated RBC Mg, roughly 5% of the population being homozygotes for this gene, that the nonfamilial factors account for a small fraction of the total variance, and that the overlap of distributions of homozygotes is not large. PMID- 6614010 TI - Age correlation between mates and average consanguinity in age-structured human populations. AB - When population geneticists wish to determine the genetic consequences of some aspect of mating behavior, it is often necessary to compare observed levels of consanguinity to the level expected when mating is random with respect to the factor being studied. Expectations under random mating are often derived from discrete generation models that ignore age structure. Observed frequencies of consanguineous matings are due to processes that are continuous in time and are affected by variables that are functions of age structure. The extent to which this discrepancy between the models and reality might distort conclusions drawn from comparisons of observed and expected behavior has received insufficient attention. One potential source of error is the tendency for people to choose mates whose ages differ from their own by a certain amount; this tendency influences the frequency of consanguineous matings. Age correlation between mates should therefore also affect average consanguinity between mates and average inbreeding in the population. Expected levels of consanguinity might then differ depending on whether or not age structure has been taken into account. Hajnal developed a model that predicts the frequencies of consanguineous matings in age structured populations. Hajnal's model is extended here to include relationships that are defined by lineal descent as well as by common ancestry, and to allow calculation of the frequencies of consanguineous matings in the absence of age correlation between mates. The extended model is then used to determine the effect of age correlation between mates on average consanguinity under various sets of conditions. The magnitude of this effect depends on the degree to which the increased frequency of some types of consanguineous matings is offset by the decrease in other types of matings. There is a fairly wide range of conditions under which this compensation is nearly complete and therefore under which the overall effect of age correlation is small. But the size of this effect is sensitive to many factors, especially the distribution of age differences between mates and the variances of ages at maternity and paternity. Under some conditions, age correlation between mates will have a substantial effect on average consanguinity. PMID- 6614011 TI - Twinning rate in spontaneous abortions. AB - An unselected series of spontaneous abortions and their mothers were karyotyped with Q-bands to obtain a frequency of twin conceptions lost during the first trimester. Among 661 spontaneous abortions, 15 twin pairs were identified including two sets of conjoined twins. Analysis of Q-band variants permitted the exclusion of cases with two cell lines that could be attributed to maternal contamination or mosaicism. The twinning rate among spontaneous abortions was 1/44 compared with 1/103 live births and stillbirths in the Ontario population. If Weinberg's differential method is applied to these data, the frequency would be as high as 1/30 under the assumption that the incidence of monozygotic twins among abortions is the same as that for live births. PMID- 6614012 TI - Correct procedure for refilling implantable pump. PMID- 6614013 TI - Diversion of butorphanol. PMID- 6614014 TI - Pharmacists' services to residents in family practice centers. PMID- 6614015 TI - More information on gluten-containing products. PMID- 6614017 TI - The contemporary hospital formulary system. PMID- 6614016 TI - Improving pharmacists' job satisfaction. PMID- 6614018 TI - A twenty-twenty vision: alternative futures for hospital pharmacy. AB - The future of hospital pharmacy is examined in light of major societal and health care trends. Trends that will affect the future of health care in the United States are discussed. These include technological developments in medical diagnosis and treatment, changing attitudes toward self-help, the changing nature of illness, the increasing proportion of the population that is elderly, new drug and biomedical developments, and an emphasis on ambulatory care. Two contemporary physician authors predict the demise of physicians in the next 40-50 years, replacing them with medics who will work as assistants to specialized automated devices. Assuming this prediction holds, the need for a health-care team will be eliminated since all health professionals except licensed practical nurses will be unnecessary. The clinical functions of institutional pharmacists will be automated or performed by medics, except for the research function. The nonclinical functions of pharmacists will be automated or performed by technicians. Since the next 5-20 years are shaped by decisions made now, hospital pharmacists must plan for the future by determining what their role should be 20 50 years from now and then by committing their creative energies to planning for that role. PMID- 6614019 TI - Financial management of hospital pharmacies. AB - This paper launches a 12-part series of articles on financial management of hospital pharmacies. This series is designed to help hospital pharmacists develop expertise in financial management so that they can keep pace with changing reimbursement structures and shrinking departmental budgets. The objectives, responsibilities, and capabilities of the hospital financial department will be reviewed, and the need for pharmacy directors to develop departmental financial management systems will be stressed. Methods of collecting financial information and preparing financial reports will be reviewed, as well as how those reports can be used in managing the pharmacy. Budgeting techniques will be demonstrated, methods for analyzing expenses and revenues will be illustrated, and possible cost-containment activities will be identified. Methods used by hospital administration to control costs of all departments will be reviewed. PMID- 6614020 TI - Political and legal aspects of pharmacist prescribing. AB - The appropriateness of pharmacist prescribing is examined, and limits that should be incorporated into legislation are discussed. Arguments that support pharmacist prescribing are that (1) in current practice, pharmacist consultation has evolved into prescribing; (2) there is a need for pharmacists to prescribe; (3) nurse practitioners and physicians' assistants, whose training in clinical pharmacology is conducted by pharmacists, have authority to prescribe in many states; (4) as the need for dispensing functions decreases, new functions must be assumed; and (5) pharmacist prescribing in pilot studies has been safe, effective, and either equal or superior to physician prescribing. Negative aspects of pharmacist prescribing include (1) not all pharmacists are competent to prescribe, (2) pharmacists are not trained in diagnosis, (3) physicians oppose it, (4) it could increase patient-care costs, and (5) pharmacists' access to patient information is not adequate for competent prescribing. Based on these arguments, legislation regulating pharmacist prescribing should contain certain limits: (1) certification to prescribe should be based on demonstrated competence, (2) pharmacists who prescribe must have access to medical records, (3) pharmacists must prescribe within established working relationships with physicians, and (4) pharmacist prescribing should be limited to long-term therapy for chronic disease and therapy for acute self-limiting illnesses that are not diagnostically complex. These limitations have been incorporated into California law. A bill is pending that allows pharmacists, within specified guidelines, to initiate drug treatment. PMID- 6614022 TI - A planned approach to managing change. PMID- 6614021 TI - A challenge met: growth through partnership. PMID- 6614023 TI - ASHP statement on the formulary system. PMID- 6614024 TI - ASHP statement on clinical functions in institutional pharmacy practice. PMID- 6614025 TI - Viruses and human neoplasia. Approaching etiology. PMID- 6614026 TI - The generalist: a jaundiced view. PMID- 6614027 TI - Delayed repolarization syndrome. AB - The electrocardiograms of 18 patients with atypical ventricular tachycardia manifested as torsade de pointes, ventricular fibrillo-flutter, polymorphous ventricular tachycardia, and uniform ventricular tachycardia were analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups: The first group included 10 patients with prolonged Q-T intervals or abnormal U waves (delayed repolarization) and the second group included eight patients with normal ventricular repolarization. All of the electrocardiographic manifestations of atypical ventricular tachycardia were seen in both groups, regardless of the duration of the Q-T interval or the presence of an abnormal U wave. It is suggested that QRS morphology during the tachycardia is not sufficient to distinguish between delayed repolarization and other causes of atypical ventricular tachycardia. Finally, because the electrocardiogram may vary among different patients and from one episode to the next in a single patient due to abnormal repolarization, it is recommended that the term delayed repolarization syndrome be used to identify the arrhythmia. PMID- 6614028 TI - Nontransmural versus transmural myocardial infarction. A morphologic study. AB - Although "nontransmural" and "transmural" are morphologic terms used widely to distinguish patients with myocardial infarction, controversy exists as to their meaning regarding clinical course. For this study, a transmural infarct was defined as one that involves essentially the full thickness of the ventricular wall, and nontransmural was defined as something less. The purpose of this study was to identify true morphologic nontransmural acute (less than 21 days old) infarcts at autopsy and compare them with transmural (full-thickness) infarcts in age-matched subjects, for clinical and pathologic similarities and differences. Among the autopsy subjects, comparing 35 nontransmural and 35 transmural infarcts, there was no significant difference with regard to subjects' race or sex, chest pain, arrhythmias, heart block, or cause of death; transmural myocardial infarctions did have a higher frequency of new Q waves (30 of 35 versus six of 35, p less than 0.001) and presented more often with increasing dyspnea. At autopsy, there were no significant differences regarding heart weight, location of infarcts, severity of coronary disease, age of acute infarct, or total size of infarct (18 percent of left ventricle for nontransmural versus 22 percent for transmural). There was, however, a significantly greater tendency for those with nontransmural infarct to have evidence of prior infarction at autopsy (27 of 35 versus 19 of 35, p less than 0.05). Acute coronary thrombi in the distribution of the infarct were significantly more common among transmural myocardial infarcts (32 of 35 versus 18 of 35, p less than 0.001). Morphologically, the nontransmural infarcts showed mural involvement ranging from 20 to 90 percent of the left ventricle, and histologically showed more contraction band (i.e., reflow) injury (57 percent with more than 30 percent contraction band necrosis) compared with transmural infarcts (32 percent with more than 30 percent contraction band necrosis) (p less than 0.05). Fatal nontransmural and transmural infarcts have major clinical and pathologic similarities, but differences in number of prior infarcts, type of necrosis, and occurrence of coronary thrombi suggest differing pathophysiology. The heterogeneity of both transmural and nontransmural infarcts likely accounts for existing differences among clinical studies regarding prognosis. Although this classification system has value in the clinical setting, that at times it represents an imprecise oversimplification of infarct type should be recognized in assessing individual patients. PMID- 6614029 TI - Presentation, treatment, and prognosis of idiopathic inflammatory muscle disease in a rural hospital. AB - Twenty-seven adult patients with dermatomyositis or polymyositis were retrospectively evaluated over a mean of four and a half years. Eighty-five percent (23) met the suggested criteria of Bohan and Peter (New England Journal of Medicine, 1975) for definite or probable disease, while 15 percent had possible disease. Upper and lower limb girdle strength was given a value (0 to 5) and averaged. Initially, 26 percent were severely weak and 59 percent moderately weak. All patients were treated with steroids. Within three months, 64 percent had little to no weakness and no patients were severely impaired. These proportions remained relatively constant throughout the study. Eight less severely ill patients received alternate-day prednisone. Only two still require treatment; the remainder have been in remission for a mean period of 19 months. Of 19 who received daily prednisone, five also required cytotoxic drugs and 11 still require treatment. A comparison of the results of this study with those of major urban referral centers reveals that the patients in this study constituted a generally less ill population with a better prognosis. Forty-one percent (11) of patients were able to discontinue all forms of therapy and remain in remission. Thirty percent (eight) achieved remission with only alternate-day steroid therapy, an approach that has been discouraged in the past. Two patients (7 percent) had overt malignancies within one year before to three years after diagnosis of myositis. However, in no instance did a search for occult malignancy give positive results. Cancer detection was accomplished by following clues from history and physical examinations. It is questioned whether extensive evaluations for occult malignancies in patients with idiopathic myositis are cost-effective. PMID- 6614030 TI - Implications of normal exercise electrocardiographic results in patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease. Correlation with left ventricular function and myocardial perfusion. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence and implications of false negative exercise electrocardiographic results among 216 consecutive patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease (50 percent diameter narrowing or greater of one or more vessels). Exercise electrocardiography gave negative (false-negative) results in 23 patients and positive (true-positive) results in 102 patients, and were nondiagnostic in the rest. Exercise thallium 201 imaging was performed in 88 patients. The extent of coronary artery disease was quantitated by a scoring system that takes into consideration the degree and site of narrowing in the major vessels and their branches. The exercise heart rate was higher in patients with false-negative than in patients with true positive exercise electrocardiographic results (161 +/- 18 versus 133 +/- 24 beats per minute, mean +/- SD; p less than 0.0001). Q-wave infarction was present in two patients (9 percent) with false-negative and 20 patients (20 percent) with true-positive exercise electrocardiographic results (p = NS); left ventricular asynergy at rest was observed in 13 patients (57 percent) with false-negative and in 74 patients (74 percent) with true-positive results (p = NS). Patients with false-negative results had less extensive coronary disease than did patients with true-positive results (score 5.8 +/- 3.6 versus 9.2 +/- 5.0; p = 0.0025). Angina during exercise was less frequent in patients with false-negative results (p less than 0.01). Abnormal exercise thallium-201 images were seen in 15 of 20 patients (75 percent) with false-negative results and in 56 of 68 patients (82 percent) with true-positive results (p = NS). It is concluded that (1) false-negative exercise electrocardiographic results are infrequent (10 percent) among patients with coronary artery disease and are associated with less extensive coronary artery disease; (2) the frequency of Q-wave infarction and left ventricular asynergy is the same in patients with false-negative results as in patients with true-positive exercise electrocardiographic results; (3) exercise thallium images can identify 75 percent of patients with coronary disease and false-negative results of exercise electrocardiography. PMID- 6614031 TI - Prospective study of alcoholism treatment. Eight-year follow-up. AB - One hundred patients admitted for alcohol withdrawal were followed for eight years. At the eight year mark, 25 percent had achieved stable abstinence of three years' duration or more, and 29 percent had died. Only 26 percent experienced continued serious problems with alcohol. Premorbid social stability and sustained abstinence made independent contributions to good psychosocial outcome at eight years. Premorbid social stability and Alcoholics Anonymous attendance made independent contributions to sustained abstinence. Review of these data and other major longitudinal studies suggests that factors other than professionally organized treatment per se exert substantial effect upon long-term outcome. PMID- 6614032 TI - Evaluation of a method for improving the teaching performance of attending physicians. AB - The effects of an intensive feedback method on the teaching performance of ward attending physicians were evaluated. Sixty-four attending physicians were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups: (1) intensive feedback, (2) videotape control, (3) questionnaire feedback, or (4) questionnaire control. The method was evaluated using the teachers' subjective assessments, ratings of videotapes of ward rounds, and trainee ratings. Seventy-five percent of the intensive feedback group rated their treatment definitely beneficial in contrast to less than 13 percent of teachers in other groups (p less than 0.001). The intensive feedback group received higher post-treatment videotape ratings than the videotape control group, both on ratings of specific categories of teacher behavior (p = 0.03) and on ratings of overall teaching performance (p = 0.08). More intensive feedback teachers (40 percent) than videotape control teachers (6 percent) improved their personally identified problem teaching behaviors (p less than 0.05). Trainee ratings showed no significant difference between study groups. It is concluded that attending physicians can improve their teaching performance. Intensive feedback is one possible method of achieving that goal. PMID- 6614033 TI - Amphotericin B nephrotoxicity in humans decreased by salt repletion. AB - A major limitation in the use of amphotericin B is its potential to cause nephrotoxicity. In animals, increased dietary sodium reduces renal toxicity. Experience with five patients in whom impaired renal function developed early during amphotericin B therapy is reported. In four of the patients, there was evidence of sodium depletion due to low sodium intake, diuretic administration, or vomiting. In all five patients, sodium loading was associated with improved renal function, which permitted amphotericin B therapy to be continued in fully effective doses to the completion of elective courses of treatment without evidence of residual impaired renal function. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that intrarenal regulatory mechanisms contribute to changes in renal function due to amphotericin B therapy. PMID- 6614034 TI - Misuse of hair analysis for nutritional assessment. AB - The analysis of hair for nutritional assessment has a number of potential pitfalls, which include: (1) contamination by sweat, (2) environmental contamination, (3) influence of previous beauty treatments, (4) critical dependence upon location of the hair sample, (5) paradoxic values depending upon the rate of hair growth, and (6) lack of clear definition of a normal range. The results of measuring metal concentrations in hair even under ideal circumstances may not correlate with those obtained in blood and urine. Long-term exposure to heavy metals, including lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury, can be readily identified by hair analysis. Little if any value is derived from a random examination of hair as the sole procedure for nutritional assessment. Nutritional recommendations should not be based on the results of hair analysis alone. PMID- 6614035 TI - Cholesterol, cancer, and public health policy. AB - A review of prospective cardiovascular epidemiologic studies reveals an inverse relationship between serum cholesterol levels and cancer mortality in half the studies in which this relationship has been examined. This inverse relationship has been demonstrated only for males, and is most consistently demonstrated for large bowel cancer. However, a review of international and intergroup epidemiologic data reveals that dietary fat intake is positively correlated with mortality rates for all cancers and for large bowel cancer. Internationally, there is also a positive correlation between mortality rates for ischemic heart disease and for cancer, as well as a positive correlation between mean population values of total serum cholesterol levels and cancer mortality. The biologic plausibility of the relationship between low serum cholesterol levels and cancer, and between high dietary fat intake and cancer are examined, with particular reference to large bowel cancer. Models are proposed to provide a coherent framework in which both low serum cholesterol levels and high dietary fat intake are risk factors for carcinogenesis. It is concluded that, on the basis of present knowledge, limitation of dietary fat and cholesterol intake is a prudent public health measure for the prevention of both coronary heart disease and cancer. PMID- 6614036 TI - Massive omental reticuloendothelial cell lipid uptake in Tangier disease after splenectomy. AB - Tangier disease is a rare, autosomal recessive condition characterized by cholesterol ester deposition in reticuloendothelial cells, abnormal chylomicron remnants, decreased low-density lipoprotein levels, and a marked deficiency of high-density lipoproteins. Apolipoprotein A-I, a major protein constituent of chylomicrons and high-density lipoproteins, has been shown to be structurally and metabolically abnormal in this disease (apolipoprotein A-ITangier). A 63-year-old Tangier homozygous man is described, who underwent splenectomy because of thrombocytopenia and splenomegaly. Subsequently, a large orange mass developed at the base of the mesentery, with several smaller omental masses and thickening of the entire omentum due to infiltration with lipid-laden macrophages. Splenectomy appears to predispose to such deposition, since such masses have not been observed in other Tangier homozygotes. The spleen appears to play a significant role in the removal of abnormal lipoproteins in Tangier homozygotes; therefore, splenectomy may be contraindicated in Tangier disease. PMID- 6614037 TI - Weber-Christian panniculitis with membranous glomerulonephritis. AB - A case of Weber-Christian panniculitis is described in which an acute phase of the disease was accompanied by the presence of circulating immune complexes, elevated serum levels of IgA and IgM, and membranous glomerulonephritis, with concomitant spontaneous remission of both diseases. This case reinforces the view that an immunologic dysfunction may be involved in the pathogenesis of Weber Christian panniculitis. PMID- 6614038 TI - Legionella pneumophila pericarditis proved by culture of pericardial fluid. AB - Serogroup 1 Legionella pneumophila was isolated from the pericardial fluid of a nonimmunosuppressed patient with pulmonary infiltrates, cardiac tamponade, and histologic evidence of pericarditis. This is the first reported case in which the association of L. pneumophila infection and pericarditis has been proved by growth of the organism from pericardial fluid. Physicians caring for patients with pericarditis of unknown cause should consider L. pneumophila in their differential diagnosis because special diagnostic efforts and relatively specific therapy are required for its optimal management. PMID- 6614039 TI - Simultaneous treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon and orthostatic hypotension. AB - Treatment of a 55-year-old woman with Raynaud's phenomenon and orthostatic hypotension secondary to lumbar sympathectomy performed for Raynaud's phenomenon is described. Indomethacin increased the blood pressure but caused severe gastrointestinal bleeding. It was possible to treat the symptoms of Raynaud's phenomenon with drugs generally used to treat hypertension without causing an undue decrease in blood pressure and, at the same time, to combat orthostatic hypotension with drugs to increase blood pressure. PMID- 6614040 TI - Fibrinolytic activity of mesothelial lining of the displaced peritoneum. AB - Because of the suggestive analogy between a large hernial sac and the irreversibly displaced serosa, a prospective controlled study has been carried out in order to compare the fibrinolytic activity of mesothelial cells of the sac and of the parietal peritoneum in man. Results suggest the importance of undamaged mesothelial cells for the fibrinolytic activity of the peritoneal serosa. Careful defense of the mesothelial lining from direct trauma and damage has therefore to be regarded as necessary and perhaps sufficient requirement to preserve the fibrinolytic activity of attached peritoneal flaps dislocated to cover or separate the surgically deperitonealized surfaces. PMID- 6614042 TI - Lowering of blood pressure after stroke. AB - This study attempted to determine the occurrence rate of blood pressure reduction after stroke by reviewing 100 patients with stroke diagnosed by clinical and laboratory studies. Retrospectively, blood pressures were noted on admission, 2nd hospital day and on discharge. Hypertension was defined as readings over 160 mmHg systolic and 90 mmHg diastolic. Pre-stroke and stroke blood pressures along with pressures during hospitalization for other diseases were also studied, totaling 252 admissions. Patients with congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, coma and those who died were not counted. Of the 100 stroke patients, 47 hypertensives, consisting of 28 females and 19 males with a mean age of 69 years, were used. At the time of their stroke, 6 hypertensive patients were normotensive, 31 were normotensive from the 2nd hospital day and an additional 7 were normotensive on the day of discharge. One patient had labile blood pressures and 3 patients remained hypertensive. This study documents stroke as having a blood pressure lowering effect occurring in 13% of stroke patients on admission and in 64% by the 2nd hospital day. These observations in the hypertensive patient, rendered normotensive with stroke, suggests stroke has its own blood pressure lowering effect. PMID- 6614041 TI - Increase of IgA in pharyngeal washings from patients with IgA nephropathy. AB - The levels of IgA and total proteins in pharyngeal washings were examined in patients with IgA nephropathy and other glomerular diseases in order to determine whether secretory IgA, IgA1 and IgA2 were increased in these patients. Thirty patients with IgA nephropathy, 21 patients with other glomerular diseases and 15 healthy adults were examined. The levels of IgA were quantitated by radial immunodiffusion and laser nephelometry. The levels of total proteins in pharyngeal washings were quantitated by Tonein-TP. It was demonstrated that the levels of IgA in pharyngeal washings were significantly increased in patients with IgA nephropathy compared to those with other glomerular diseases and healthy adults. The levels of total proteins in pharyngeal washings were increased in patients with IgA nephropathy, and the ratio of IgA and total proteins in the washings from patients with IgA nephropathy was not significantly different from those healthy adults. There was a significant correlation between the levels of IgA in pharyngeal washings and those of IgA in sera from patients with IgA nephropathy. The IgA observed in pharyngeal washings contained secretory components, IgA1 and IgA2, in patients with IgA nephropathy. It is suggested that the increase of IgA in the pharyngeal washings in parallel with the increase of total proteins might be associated with local inflammation. PMID- 6614043 TI - Pure red blood cell aplasia complicating chronic lymphatic leukemia. AB - While the occurrence of autoimmune disorders such as hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia in chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) is well recognized, pure red blood cell aplasia (PRCA) complicating CLL is uncommon and intriguing. This is a report of the clinical course of a patient with B cell CLL who developed PRCA unresponsive to immunosuppressive therapy responsive to subsequent treatment with oxymethalone resulting in complete remission of PRCA. PMID- 6614044 TI - Transient lipoprotein lipase deficiency with hyperchylomicronemia. AB - Type I hyperlipoproteinemia is a rare disorder characterized by the presence of chylomicrons in fasting plasma and dysfunction of the lipoprotein lipase system. The disease may result from primary genetic defects leading to the lack of the enzyme lipoprotein lipase or to a deficiency in the CII apoprotein activator of that enzyme. It may also appear secondary to underlying systemic diseases. We now describe a case of hyperchylomicronemia and pancreatitis with a lack of lipoprotein lipase activity as assessed by three different methods. The patient had no evidence of a plasma inactivator of lipoprotein lipase, and his plasma was able to activate the enzyme in control postheparin plasma. The postheparin plasma hepatic triglyceride lipase was normal. Tests for associated systemic diseases were negative. Six weeks after presentation, that patient's lipoprotein levels and postheparin plasma lipase activities were normal. This was a unique case of hyperchylomicronemia which for a limited time was indistinguishable from primary lipoprotein lipase deficiency by current biochemical techniques. PMID- 6614046 TI - Consanguinity studies in Wisconsin I: secular trends in consanguineous marriage, 1843-1981. AB - Over 920,000 Roman Catholic marriages have taken place since the Archdiocese of Milwaukee was established in 1843. Most of these records are extant, and all have been examined to ascertain consanguineous marriages. The changing average population coefficient of consanguinity has been calculated, by year and by decade, showing a clear downward trend since the turn of the century. The data are compared with reports of consanguineous marriage incidence from around the world, and in particular with all available previous reports from the United States. PMID- 6614045 TI - Eosinophilic fasciitis: a distinct clinical entity? AB - Eosinophilic Fasciitis is a syndrome characterized by exertion related scleroderma-like skin changes, peripheral eosinophilia, hypergammaglobulinemia and diffuse faciitis. Controversy exists as to the precise classification of the syndrome, i.e., whether it is a distinct entity or a variant of scleroderma. We describe a patient with eosinophilic faciitis but with several unique features: 1) progressive skin changes unresponsive to corticosteroid therapy; 2) elevated anti-DNA antibodies; 3) hypocomplementemia; and 4) a followup biopsy showing sclerodermatoid skin changes. These features and others relating to the controversial aspects of classification of eosinophilic fasciitis are discussed. PMID- 6614047 TI - Part I. Amyoplasia: a common, sporadic condition with congenital contractures. AB - A specific congenital contracture (arthrogryposis) syndrome has been recognized in 135 out of 350 patients with various kinds of congenital contractures. This sporadic syndrome, designated amyoplasia is characterized by absence of limb muscles that are replaced by fibrous and fatty tissue. At birth there is characteristic positioning of the limbs with internal rotation at shoulders, extension at elbows, and flexion of the hands at the wrists. Severe equinovarus deformities of the feet are usually present. Contractures at knees and hips occur in a variety of positions. Typically, the face is round with a frontal midline capillary hemangioma and slightly small jaw. Intelligence is normal. Approximately 63% of our patients had involvement of four limbs (almost always symmetrically), 24% mainly of lower limbs, and 13% mainly upper limbs. Typically, no other malformations are present. However, minor anomalies are seen often, and include hypoplastic digits and hypoplasia of scrotum or labia, the umbilical cord may be wrapped about a limb at birth. In utero fetal activity is decreased and breech delivery is increased in amyoplasia. All cases were sporadic; identical twins are discordantly affected. PMID- 6614048 TI - Occurrence of neural tube defects among first-, second-, and third-degree relatives of probands: results of a United States study. AB - Data on the occurrence of neural tube defects in first-, second-, and third degree relatives of probands were collected in a United States study. The proportions of affected individuals were 3.2%, 0.5%, and 0.17% respectively. These findings are compared to those from other recent North American studies, and differences are discussed. It is pointed out that accurate recurrence risk figures may not be available, and that caution should be used when counseling families with relatives who are affected with NTD. PMID- 6614049 TI - Two lethal chondrodysplasias with giant chondrocytes. AB - Two infants, each with a different form of sporadic lethal chondrodysplasia, had multinucleated giant chondrocytes in resting cartilage. Both patients also had severe laryngeal stenosis and normal chromosomes. The radiographic abnormalities in one patient conformed to the recently delineated entity, atelosteogenesis (spondylohumerofemoral hypoplasia or giant cell chondrodysplasia); the other patient had an unclassified type of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia. The findings in these two patients and the previously reported observations in spondylohumerofemoral dysplasia confirm that chondrocytic giant cells are a causally nonspecific phenomenon. PMID- 6614051 TI - Screening of mentally retarded males for macro-orchidism and the fragile X chromosome. AB - Four hundred forty-four male residents of a state mental retardation institution were screened for macro-orchidism. Twenty-six white males (8.3%) and two black males (1.5%) had marked macro-orchidism (greater than 34 ml). Seven of 17 whites tested for the fragile X were positive; the one black tested was negative. Thus, a minimum of 7/26 or 27% (whites) are fragile X positive indicating potential population variability, also evident from previous reports. Concurrent testing of institutionalized brother pairs indicated over half of the fragile X-positive males had a strong family history consistent with X-linked mental retardation. PMID- 6614052 TI - The dynamics of quantifiable homeostasis. II. Characterization of linear processes. AB - This paper deals with the representation of physiological homeostatic processes by mathematical models that lead to lag-differential equations. It deals exclusively with feedback processes that are linear. It is surmised that in the response to standard perturbations from equilibrium, in many systems the strength at which the restorative force works (denoted by the constant b) is a genetic characteristic, while the average or homing value may or may not be. The class of equations with linear feedback is solved. The solution provides predictions against which experimental data may be tested. Three types of displacement from the homing value are recognized: drifts, catastrophes, and saccades. Several methods of evaluating the mathematical functions are described. They are forward recursion, backward recursion, numerical integration, steady-state solutions, and inversion of the Heaviside expansion of the Laplace transform. Conditions for homeostatic processes that result in damped nonoscillating responses, damped oscillating responses, stable oscillations, and uncontrolled oscillations are derived. The concept of an associated penalty that depends on the degree of displacement from the homing value is discussed. Penalties are evaluated by numerical integration for linear, quadratic, and cubic costs. Costs for polynomial functions may be found by linear weighting. The optimum strength of response (ie, the one that produces the minimum cost) is calculated for each of these cost functions. PMID- 6614050 TI - "Giant cell" chondrodysplasia. PMID- 6614053 TI - The oto-palato-digital syndrome, proposed type II. AB - We present a follow-up of the infant with oral, cranial, facial, and limb abnormalities described by us in 1976. Since then, several other very similar cases have been reported. We propose that this syndrome be called the oto-palato digital syndrome, type II. PMID- 6614055 TI - Ecological validity of laboratory-type discrimination-learning tasks. AB - Brooks and Baumeister (1977a, 1977b) have questioned the ecological validity of laboratory-type research on discrimination learning, memory, and other cognitive processes. Their criticisms were rebutted by House (1977). The present report established the relationship among learning and retention of two-choice discrimination tasks, "real-life" adaptive behavior in an institution, and IQ. These measures were substantially interrelated, and we concluded that laboratory type discrimination-learning tasks have ecological validity. PMID- 6614054 TI - Serum creatine-kinase (CK) in normal pregnancy. PMID- 6614056 TI - Effects of attribution training on the assembly task performance of mentally retarded adults. AB - A training program was designed to teach mentally retarded adults working in sheltered workshops to attribute their success on various assembly tasks to high effort and ability and their failure to lack of effort. These subjects were judged as having motivational problems and also demonstrated decreased levels of performance on assembly tasks following failure experience. They received either individual attribution training, group filmstrip attribution training, or were placed in a control condition. Only the attribution-trained subjects subsequently exhibited more positive reactions to failure, increasing their performance speed in the face of failure. Both training conditions were effective, although filmstrip training was somewhat more beneficial than was individual training. PMID- 6614057 TI - Appropriate classification of obesity of mentally retarded adults. AB - Triceps skinfold thickness and body weight measures were obtained for 44 female and 40 male mentally retarded adults participating in a sheltered workshop setting. Subjects' relative weights and skinfold thicknesses were found to correlate reasonably well for females and males, rs = .88 and .59, respectively. Use of only height and weight tables for determining the presence of obesity, however, resulted in 22.5 percent of the males and 13.7 percent of the females being misclassified as nonobese. The distinction between overweight and obesity was discussed. Clinical/research implications of the findings were delineated. PMID- 6614058 TI - New admissions and readmissions to a national sample of public residential facilities. PMID- 6614059 TI - Institutional reform and adaptive functioning of mentally retarded persons: a field experiment. AB - The effectiveness of institutional reform was examined in a one-year field experiment. Institutionalized residents were randomly assigned to live in either 15 new residences designed to be more normalizing or in 14 older institutional buildings designed for more custodial care. Results indicated that: (a) the physical and social aspects of the new residences were more normalizing, (b) the adaptive functioning of residents in the new residences was higher after a year's time, and (c) the social aspects of normalizing environments were the best predictors of higher adaptive functioning. PMID- 6614060 TI - Effects of deinstitutionalization on adaptive behavior of mentally retarded adults. AB - Twenty mentally retarded clients were moved from a large developmental center to three small community residences. Their functional abilities were measured at 0, 4, 8, and 12 months. Consistent improvement was found for language development, domestic activity, responsibility, and social interaction. Findings from this and other "deinstitutionalization" studies were synthesized. Results suggested that the improvement in functioning represents a manifestation of behavior already in the clients' repertoire rather than new learning. The need for systematic programming to promote learning, both in the community and institution, was emphasized. PMID- 6614061 TI - Social psychological analysis of residences for mentally retarded persons. AB - Research on the effects of institutionalization and on observation of care practices has yielded inconsistent, correlational findings and has not adequately provided analyses of social interaction in residences and its consequences on the well being and development of residents. Social psychological and organizational behavioral research suggest alternative ways to manage residences and to structure peer interaction. The dynamics and consequences of these alternatives were outlined. PMID- 6614062 TI - Environmental characteristics of residential facilities for mentally retarded persons in the United States. AB - This study was designed to assess environmental characteristics and other facility, resident, and staff characteristics in a national sample of 236 public and community residential facilities stratified by size and geographic location. In a comparison of facilities in five size categories, small community facilities had the most positive treatment environments, as measured by the scale Characteristics of the Treatment Environment, more home-like environments, lower costs, more satisfied staff members, more able residents, and fewer nonambulatory residents. In a stepwise regression analysis, size remained significant as a predictor of positive treatment environments when controlling for staff job satisfaction and resident ability. PMID- 6614063 TI - Adaptive behavior of mentally retarded adolescents attending school. AB - Teachers rated 550 mentally retarded adolescents attending special schools on the AAMD Adaptive Behavior Scale (ABS). Results established the reliability and criterion validity of the ABS for use among school-age students and demonstrated the sensitivity of the scale to variation in adaptive and maladaptive behavior between subgroups of mentally retarded students representing differences in seven personal variables: age, sex, estimated intellectual ability, etiology, place of living, the presence or absence of any mobility handicap, and use of medications. PMID- 6614064 TI - Sensorimotor period and adaptive behavior development of severely and profoundly mentally retarded children. AB - The relationship of the Uzgiris and Hunt Scales of Sensorimotor Development with six of the AAMD Adaptive Behavior Scale (ABS) domains and the Receptive Expressive Emergent Language (REEL) Scale was investigated. One significant canonical root was found. Three independent variables (vocal imitation, object permanence, and gestural imitation) and six dependent variables (ABS domains Language, Socialization, Independent Functioning, and Self-Direction and REEL Receptive and REEL-Expressive) loaded highly on the canonical root. Regression was used to analyze these variables further. The results were interpreted as generally consistent with prior theory and research, although there were some difficult interpretations and contradictions of previous research. PMID- 6614065 TI - Two-year follow-up study of discrimination learning by mentally retarded children. AB - Mentally retarded children were taught to discriminate the dimensions of a visual display using a matching-to-sample procedure that provided full verbal feedback of the reasons for successes and failures. A control group attempted the matching procedure but received no feedback. The trained subjects exhibited marked superiority in intradimensional transfer. Two years later, the trained subjects continued their advantage but to a lesser degree. PMID- 6614066 TI - Nutritional intakes of socioculturally mentally retarded children vs. children of low and average socioeconomic status. AB - The adequacy of dietary intakes of socioculturally mentally retarded children, nonretarded children of low socioeconomic status (SES), and nonretarded children of average SES were studied. The socioculturally retarded children showed significantly lower daily intakes of almost all basic nutritional substances than did the nonretarded children in either the low- or average-SES groups. We also found that the socioculturally retarded group's intake of iron, calcium, thiamine, and ascorbic acid was below National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council recommended daily allowance levels, a finding that did not occur for either of the other groups. Although the precise developmental significance of these findings is somewhat unclear, it seems prudent to incorporate a focus on dietary provisions (as well as on other home conditions) in future intervention programs for children at high-risk for sociocultural mental retardation. PMID- 6614067 TI - Effect of a first-trial cue on spontaneous recovery by moderately mentally retarded adults. AB - The effect of a distinctive first-trial cue on the degree of spontaneous recovery of moderately mentally retarded adults was investigated. The group given the cue showed more recovery of the operant response than did control groups for disinhibition on unextinguished discriminative stimulus. The group receiving the conventional procedure to produce spontaneous recovery, however, displayed significantly greater recovery than did any of the other groups. There was thus limited support for the hypothesis that cues associated with the first trial of a training session have greater significance for learners than do other cues. PMID- 6614068 TI - Semantic processing and recall improvement of EMR adolescents. AB - Semantic processing, in the form of stories linking to-be-remembered words, was compared with cumulative rehearsal in a free-recall task. Educable mentally retarded adolescents were either taught to generate a story, provided with a story, taught to rehearse cumulatively, or assigned to no-strategy control groups. Semantic-processing subjects showed better recall at original learning and, to a lesser extent, at a 20-week retention test. Results were discussed with reference to the mechanism of recall improvement and the generalizability of semantic training to a diversity of tasks. PMID- 6614069 TI - Adverse ocular effects of acetate hemodialysis. AB - In order to better define ocular dynamics during hemodialysis, we studied intraocular pressure (IOP) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) serially during both acetate and bicarbonate hemodialysis in 10 stable hemodialysis patients. IOP did not change significantly in any patient during dialysis. In contrast, however, ACD decreased significantly during acetate but not bicarbonate dialysis. ACD could be maintained during acetate dialysis by concomitant administration of mannitol. We conclude that acetate dialysis might adversely affect ocular dynamics in susceptible patients with glaucoma or recent ocular surgery. In such individuals administration of mannitol or use of a bicarbonate dialysate should be considered. PMID- 6614071 TI - Exercise training improves hypertension in hemodialysis patients. AB - 6 patients with end-stage renal disease, hypertension and anemia were studied to determine the effect of endurance exercise training on their blood pressure. Initial exercise capacities were low (VO2 max = 18 +/- 2 ml/kg/min); however, their capacities increased (17 +/- 9%, p less than 0.05) after 14 +/- 5 months of training. This was associated with reductions in the antihypertensive medications in the 5 patients initially requiring them, and decreases in both predialysis systolic and diastolic blood pressures. There were significant increases in hemoglobin concentrations (7.3 +/- 0.4 to 9.8 +/- 0.9 g%) and hematocrit levels (23 +/- 2 to 30 +/- 3%) during training with no changes in body weights, interdialysis weight gains or serum albumin concentrations. 6 nonexercising dialysis patients had no changes in these same variables over the same period of time. These results suggest that endurance exercise training will reduce blood pressure and improve anemia in some hemodialysis patients. PMID- 6614070 TI - A comparison of plasma and muscle carnitine levels in patients on peritoneal or hemodialysis for chronic renal failure. AB - We studied plasma, dialysate, and muscle carnitine levels in patients with stable chronic renal failure on hemodialysis, and intermittent peritoneal, or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). In patients on hemodialysis, plasma carnitine levels fell from 46.2 +/- 4.5 mumol/l (mean +/- SEM) to 18.8 +/- 2.7 mumol/l immediately after the procedure (p less than 0.001). Depletion of muscle carnitine was found after hemodialysis (1,518 +/- 273 nmol/g wet weight of tissue) compared to normal levels of 5,230.5 +/- 142.7 nmol/g tissue (p less than 0.01). However, the plasma and muscle carnitine levels remained in the normal range in patients on intermittent peritoneal dialysis and CAPD. We postulate that the rapid decline in plasma levels of carnitine caused by hemodialysis initiates unilateral transport of the compound from muscle to the plasma, thus depleting the skeletal muscle stores of carnitine. PMID- 6614073 TI - Acute osteolytic lesions following pancreatitis in a dialysis patient. AB - A 42-year-old man undergoing maintenance hemodialysis suffered an attack of acute pancreatitis. Convential treatment resulted in quick recovery. 10 days after its onset his hands and feet became swollen, hot, red and painful. Multiple intramedullary osteolytic lesions of the metatarsals, metacarpals and phalanges, with cortical destruction and a number of fractures were found. These lesions subsided over many weeks and did not recur. We believe that such acute osteolytic lesions following pancreatitis are not 'renal osteodystrophy' as such, but should be recognized as a possible complication in renal failure patients. PMID- 6614072 TI - Quiz of the month: Hyponatremia. PMID- 6614074 TI - Myeloma kidney: improved renal function following long-term chemotherapy and hemodialysis. PMID- 6614075 TI - Mumps, menarche, menopause, and ovarian cancer. AB - Clinical history of mumps during childhood, age at menarche, and age at natural menopause were obtained in 119 postmenopausal women with ovarian cancer and 109 postmenopausal control subjects from the general population. Case subjects differed significantly from control subjects in being less certain whether they had had mumps and in being less likely to recall the age at infection. In both groups, a significant inverse correlation was observed between age at menarche and menopause in subjects with a positive clinical history for mumps but not in subjects with a negative clinical history for mumps. The correlation was strongest in case subjects who said they had had mumps, especially those who were nulliparous. We speculate that the mumps virus may be a determinant of reproductive span and, through its potential to cause a depletion of oocytes, increase the risk for ovarian cancer. PMID- 6614076 TI - Carpal tunnel syndrome associated with danazol therapy. PMID- 6614077 TI - Serial nephelometric urinary protein profile as an index of renal involvement in severe pregnancy-induced hypertension: a case report. PMID- 6614078 TI - Arteriohepatic dysplasia in pregnancy. PMID- 6614079 TI - Hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea in a woman with a craniopharyngioma: persisting amenorrhea after prolactin suppression with bromocriptine. PMID- 6614080 TI - Maternal catecholamines decrease during labor after lumbar epidural anesthesia. AB - To determine whether epidural anesthesia during labor affects maternal circulating catecholamines, blood samples were obtained from 15 patients at the peak of and immediately after two consecutive painful contractions. A lumbar epidural local anesthetic without epinephrine was then administered. After the onset of analgesia, four blood samples were again drawn. All samples were analyzed by a radioenzymatic assay for epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations. Before anesthesia, the mean (+/-SEM) plasma epinephrine level was 280 +/- 49 pg/ml, and the mean norepinephrine level was 866 +/- 122 pg/ml. After anesthesia, epinephrine levels decreased 56% (p less than 0.01). Although norepinephrine levels decreased approximately 19%, this reduction was not statistically significant. At the height of a contraction, catecholamine levels did not differ significantly from those occurring between contractions. Lumbar epidural anesthesia during labor reduces maternal epinephrine levels, probably by eliminating the psychological and physical stress associated with painful uterine contractions or by denervating the adrenal medulla. Whatever the mechanism, reducing pain and activity of the sympathetic nervous system should increase uterine blood flow. PMID- 6614082 TI - A mathematical approach to problems of cephalopelvic disproportion at the pelvic inlet. AB - So many problems have been left unsolved by x-ray pelvimetry for the prognostic diagnosis of cephalopelvic disproportion that the clinical usefulness of x-ray pelvimetry has been questioned and a more scientific approach to evaluation of cephalopelvic disproportion has been sought. By unifying various factors that impose problems in cephalopelvic relationships into one index via new mathematical models, we attempted to estimate quantitatively the potential dystocia caused by inlet disproportion. The index is calculated from ten measurements of data obtainable on roentgenograms, and the practical calculations can be readily done with a programmable calculator. The validity of the assumptions used in the mathematical models and the reliability of the developed index were retrospectively analyzed in 300 primiparous women with cephalic presentations. This study suggests that the mathematical index could serve as a useful prognostic guide to the proper management of labor in association with disproportion. PMID- 6614081 TI - Plasma volume findings in patients with mild pregnancy-induced hypertension. AB - With the Evans blue dye-dilution technique, plasma volume was serially measured at 29 to 33 weeks' and 34 to 40 weeks' gestation in 74 pregnant women with documented mild pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and 25 well-matched normotensive primigravid women. The relationship of plasma volume to clinical course, perinatal outcome, and other laboratory findings was subsequently analyzed. The patients with mild PIH were categorized into two groups based on infant outcome: appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and small for gestational age (SGA). The mean age, height, and hematocrit of the study and control patients were similar. The group of patients with mild PIH had significantly higher mean arterial blood pressures and uric acid levels (p less than 0.001). There was no difference in mean plasma volume findings between the normotensive group and the mild PIH group delivered of AGA infants. Plasma volume was reduced only in pregnancies with mild PIH with delivery of SGA infants. It is concluded that plasma volume is not reduced in most patients with mild PIH. However, plasma volume might be useful in identifying a subgroup of patients with mild PIH at risk for delivering an SGA infant. PMID- 6614083 TI - Prolactin secretion by human chorion-decidua in vitro: influences of mode of delivery and agents that modify prostaglandin synthesis. AB - Prolactin production by human decidua was examined with the use of a short-term tissue explant system. Decidua obtained after normal spontaneous vaginal deliveries produced significantly more prolactin than did tissue obtained after elective repeat cesarean section deliveries in the absence of labor (P less than 0.005). Cytosolic prolactin levels did not differ between the two delivery modes. Oxytocin (4.3 X 10(-11) M to 4.3 X 10(-6) M) and eicosatetraenoic acid (10(-7) M to 10(-4) M) had no effect on prolactin production or storage by decidual tissue. Indomethacin at 10(-4) M reduced only levels of stored prolactin but had no effect on stored or produced prolactin at lower concentrations (10(-7) M to 10( 5) M). Arachidonic acid (10(-4) M) suppressed both production and storage of prolactin (P less than 0.05). Decidual tissue from the two delivery modes did not differ in response to the above agents. Although the exact mechanism(s) remains obscure, these results indicate decidual prolactin production is altered by some aspect of labor. The possible involvement of prostaglandin precursors in mediating this production cannot be excluded. PMID- 6614084 TI - Accuracy of ultrasonic fetal weight prediction in preterm infants. AB - We analyzed the accuracy of four previously reported ultrasound formulas by means of abdominal circumference and/or biparietal diameter measurement for the prediction of fetal weight in the preterm infant (less than 2,000 gm). The birth weights of 25 preterm infants delivered within 72 hours of ultrasound measurement were compared to the weights calculated by formulas derived from the ultrasound measurements, and the accuracy of each formula was determined. A high degree of correlation was found or the logarithmic formulas with the use of both biparietal diameter and abdominal circumference measurement. Our data suggest that the present ultrasound methodology is of sufficient accuracy to warrant the use of ultrasonic measurement to predict fetal weight prospectively before delivery of the very low-birth weight infant. We also retrospectively reviewed the previous 4 year neonatal mortality rate for infant weighing between 500 and 2,000 gm at birth at Duke University. PMID- 6614085 TI - Peritoneal fluid prostanoids in unexplained infertility. AB - Elevated peritoneal fluid thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha have been reported in patients with biopsy-proved endometriosis. In this paper these peritoneal fluid prostanoids were measured in patients with unexplained infertility and a fertile control group matched for age and day of the menstrual cycle. A subgroup of the women with unexplained infertility demonstrated a marked elevation of both prostanoids (p less than 0.01). These elevations may serve to identify women in whom undetected endometriosis or some other peritoneal irritant is associated with infertility. PMID- 6614086 TI - Logistic models for prediction of enteric morbidity in the treatment of ovarian and cervical cancers. AB - To identify patients at high risk for the development of enteric injury, an analysis was made of 212 women who received extensive pelvic and abdominal radiotherapy at the University of Minnesota from 1970 through 1981. One hundred one patients with cervical carcinomas received 8,000 to 8,500 rads to point A, 6,000 rads to point B, and 4,500 to 5,075 rads to the periaortic lymph nodes. One hundred eleven women with ovarian cancers received 2,000 rads to the entire abdomen, followed by an additional 2,975 to 3,000 rads to the pelvis. The overall complication rate was 6.6% (14/212). The only patients who sustained chronic radiation morbidity had thin physiques. The maximum likelihood multiple logistic model was utilized to predict the probability of enteric injury as a function of thin physique, previous operations, and hypertension for individual patients. The usefulness of predictive models is discussed, and possible reasons for the susceptibility of thin women to ionizing radiation are explored. PMID- 6614088 TI - Use of National Board test questions to evaluate student performance in obstetrics and gynecology. AB - The evaluation of student performance in clinical obstetrics and gynecology is frequently based on results of the National Board Examination, Part II. An Obstetrics and Gynecology subtest of this examination was studied to determine its value as a measure of this clinical experience. The clinical usefulness of each question and the distribution of questions among subjects within the specialty (Normal Obstetrics, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, etc.) were determined independently by faculty in obstetrics and gynecology. In addition, the influence of the type of question (e.g., multiple-choice, matching), the category of material, and the clinical usefulness of each question were studied in regard to student test performance. Eighty-six percent of the questions were judged to be indispensable, highly useful, or moderately useful. Abnormal Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility accounted for 70% of the questions with the remaining questions distributed among Normal Obstetrics, Population and Family Planning, and Gynecologic Oncology. Student test performance was not significantly influenced by the type of question format or category of material but was related to the level of clinical usefulness. Overall, these results, which are based on ratings from five faculty and a single class of medical students at one medical school, indicate that the Obstetrics and Gynecology subtest of the National Board Examination, Part II, is a reasonable measure of clinical experience in this field. PMID- 6614089 TI - Gonadoblastoma: structures and background of development. AB - Based on earlier studies relative to development and maturation of human gonads, a hypothesis is presented, namely, that the production of "psammoma bodies" in gonadoblastoma, as well as intensification of calcification and hyalinization processes, may be an expression of recapitulation of the involution phase of the indifferent gonad and the terminal phase of proliferating activity in the sex cords of such lesions. It is also suggested that pathologic structures found in the medulla of the ovaries of fetuses and newborn infants favor the development of gonadoblastomas and that the latter are formed as the result of dysfunction of a genetic system controlling gonadal maturation and thus are not "neoplasms." PMID- 6614087 TI - Listeriosis as a cause of maternal death: an obstetric complication of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). AB - A case of maternal death due to Listeria monocytogenes bacteremia, with survival of the prematurely delivered infant, is presented. Lymphopenia and a Haitian origin suggest that the fatal outcome was related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). To our knowledge, this is the first recorded instance of a maternal death due to listeriosis. PMID- 6614091 TI - Prematurity and the obstetrician. A regional neonatal intensive care nursery is not enough. AB - Modern-day perinatal care has resulted in dramatically improved outcomes of premature infants, particularly those weighing 750 to 1,500 gm or of 27 to 32 weeks' gestational age. Assuming that the birth is not traumatic, the infant asphyxiated, or made hypothermic at birth, the chances of the very small premature baby developing normally are great. The delivery of an infant of less than or equal to 32 weeks' gestational age or weighing less than 1,500 gm should occur at a perinatal center when possible. PMID- 6614090 TI - Subhourly variability of circulating norepinephrine and epinephrine in the pregnant ewe and fetal and newborn lamb. AB - Circulating norepinephrine and epinephrine were determined nine times over a 1 hour period in chronically instrumented ewes (n = 4), their fetuses (n = 4), and lambs (n = 4). In an apparent resting state, assessed by subjective and biophysical parameters, marked fluctuations were demonstrated in the mean norepinephrine and epinephrine values between animals and in the range of the concentrations of each individual animal. The significance of the fluctuations in resting plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations is discussed. PMID- 6614092 TI - Is there a surplus of obstetrician-gynecologists? AB - An excess of physicians ranging from 21,000 to 70,000 has been predicted for 1990, including a "surplus" of 10,450 obstetrician-gynecologists. Published supply figures have been overestimated. In 1990, the supply of and the demand for obstetrician-gynecologists should be essentially in balance. The classic law of supply and demand is beginning to operate in medical care. PMID- 6614093 TI - Repair of vaginal prolapse after hysterectomy. AB - Forty-one women with primary or recurrent prolapse of the vagina following either vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy were treated with a vaginal operation. The retroperitoneal approach of utilization of the perirectal fascia to support the vault of the vagina is described and illustrated. This technique may also be used in selected patients to prevent this complication after vaginal hysterectomy and repair. PMID- 6614094 TI - The outcome of pregnancy in patients with treated and untreated prolactin secreting pituitary tumors. AB - Few data document pregnancy risks in patients with prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors, particularly risks relating to the likelihood and severity of increased tumor size. This study presents three groups of women with such lesions. Group 1 consisted of 47 women with transsphenoidal resection who were euprolactinemic postoperatively. Of this group 20 of 22 previously infertile women conceived 25 pregnancies. Group 2 was composed of 17 women who were operated upon but in whom prolactin was still raised (greater than 50 ng/ml) postoperatively and bromocriptine was subsequently used. Seven of these 17 patients were previously infertile, and six of the seven have conceived. In group 3 22 infertile women with small pituitary tumors were not operated upon but received bromocriptine. Eighteen of these patients have achieved 24 pregnancies. Methods of diagnosis, surveillance during pregnancy, and medical and surgical management are presented. Only two patients, both in group 3, developed signs of expanding tumor size in pregnancy. PMID- 6614095 TI - A reappraisal of "tight control" in diabetic pregnancies. AB - The records of 130 diabetic patients, classified by the White system (76 Class A; 54 insulin dependent), were analyzed to see whether control of diabetes, reflected as mean glucose concentration or HbA1C, is predictive of fetal weight. Fetal overgrowth was found to be common despite adequate (good or fair) control of diabetes by conventional criteria. Neither class of diabetes nor adequacy of control was correlated with fetal overgrowth, and HbA1C data followed the same trend. The failure to find an association between birth weight and HbA1C could stem from the control not being tight enough or the birth weight being more appreciably affected by other factors overshadowing the effect of control. HbA1C reflects long-term control and may serve as a useful summarizing statement. PMID- 6614096 TI - Ultrasound in the diagnosis of fetal malformations. Implications for obstetric management. AB - The prenatal diagnosis of congenital malformations through ultrasonography leads to major considerations regarding subsequent pregnancy management. These diagnoses are useful in reaching decisions concerning elective abortion, planning the time and method of delivery, and arranging for appropriate support personnel. Although the possibility of fetal anomaly must be considered in all obstetric ultrasonograms, review of 56 malformations diagnosed prenatally found that 31 were studied because of uterine size incompatible with gestational age. Polyhydramnios was associated with 24 of these cases. Multiple fetal abnormalities were found postnatally in 24 of the 51 cases in which one or more malformations were diagnosed through ultrasonography, emphasizing the need for careful counseling and follow-up examination. PMID- 6614097 TI - Placental injection studies in twin gestation. AB - Vascular communication between placental vessels can occur when there is a fused placental mass in twin gestation. The presence of anastomotic channels can lead to the twin-twin transfusion syndrome in the fetuses. A study was conducted on 278 twin pairs to determine the incidence of vascular communication in fused twin placentas and the frequency of twin-twin transfusion syndrome. Anastomotic communication was found almost universally in monochorionic placentation and very rarely with dichorionic placentas. Twin-twin transfusion syndrome occurred uncommonly despite the high frequency of occurrence of cross-placental vascular communication. Misdiagnosis of intrauterine growth retardation in one twin can be avoided by determination of chorionicity by inspection of the placentas of twin gestation. PMID- 6614098 TI - The incidence and outcome of single-factor, multifactorial, and unexplained infertility. AB - Infertility may have many etiologies. Of 141 systematically and completely evaluated couples, 40.4% were found to have multiple factors contributing to their inability to conceive. In 33.3% two factors were present, and in 7.1% three or more factors were found. A total of 53.2% of patients had a single identified factor, and in 6.4% no apparent cause was identified. Long-term pregnancy rates calculated by life-table methodology revealed no significant differences between those with single-factor, multifactorial, or unexplained infertility when all identified factors were treated. PMID- 6614099 TI - The results of one thousand consecutive prenatal diagnoses. AB - From 1976 to 1982, prenatal diagnosis was performed on more than 1,000 patients at the Richland Memorial Hospital. This report analyzes the experience of our unit with the first 1,000 consecutive studies. The integration of geneticist and clinician is stressed. A total of 77.7% of referrals were because of maternal age with the next most common indication being a prior child with a neural tube defect. There were 18 chromosomal abnormalities discovered, and no cases of open neural tube defect were detected. In all cases of elective termination of pregnancy in which follow-up was possible, the diagnosed abnormality was confirmed. PMID- 6614100 TI - In vitro chemotherapy testing of gynecologic tumors: basis for planning therapy? AB - The human tumor stem cell assay (HTSCA) has broad research applications in the field of cell biology as well as in clinical chemotherapy. This report examines the applicability of the HTSCA to patient treatment planning, asking: (1) How often will gynecologic tumors grow in the assay? (2) What kinds of therapeutically useful information can be gained from the assay? (3) What are the correlations between in vitro results and patient treatment responses? Tumor specimens from 207 patients having ovarian, cervical, or endometrial carcinomas have been studied with the HTSCA, 183 of which have grown in vitro. Of 103 ovarian cancer specimens which grew in culture, 564 separate drug assays have been done, looking for patterns of sensitivity among "first line" drugs as well as drugs used for relapsing patients. More than half of the patients studied had one or more drugs which showed in vitro activity. Nineteen patients have had single-agent chemotherapy prospectively selected on the basis of the HTSCA results with a "sensitive" predictive accuracy of 90% and a "resistant" predictive accuracy of 100%. PMID- 6614101 TI - Early office termination of pregnancy by soft cannula vacuum aspiration. AB - This report documents the results of an ongoing study of the first 454 consecutive outpatient abortions by menstrual extraction technique performed by the author over a span of 8 years. All patients had positive preevacuation pregnancy tests and the procedure was employed up to 9+ weeks from the first day of the last menstrual period. All procedures were carried out in an outpatient setting under local anesthesia. Pathologic evaluation revealed decidua and villi in all but 10 cases. Major complications were encountered in 2.6% of cases and in only two was laparotomy necessitated--one for a ruptured corpus luteum cyst and the other for an unruptured ectopic cornual pregnancy. The current application for the procedure is suggested by its technical simplicity and relative safety in population presenting for early termination of pregnancy. PMID- 6614102 TI - Prenatal fluoride supplements to inhibit dental caries. PMID- 6614103 TI - Fluoride supplementation during pregnancy. PMID- 6614104 TI - Unidentified organism linked to toxemia of pregnancy. PMID- 6614105 TI - Cyclosporin A therapy in the treatment of intraocular inflammatory disease resistant to systemic corticosteroids and cytotoxic agents. AB - Sixteen patients (ten women and six men, ranging in age from 20 to 67 years) with active bilateral posterior uveitis of noninfectious origin were treated with cyclosporin A, a specific anti-T-cell medication. All had previously received systemic corticosteroids or cytotoxic agents or both and had responded poorly or had intolerable side effects. Fifteen of 16 patients had positive responses to oral cyclosporin A therapy (initially 10 mg/kg of body weight/day), measured by a decrease in inflammatory activity, with a concomitant improvement in visual acuity in most patients. Fluorescein angiographic findings varied considerably with some patients showing an improvement with continued cystoid macular edema. Renal toxicity occurred in five patients, but renal function reverted toward normal with a decrease in cyclosporin A dosage. PMID- 6614106 TI - Effect of corticosteroid treatment and enucleation on the visual prognosis of sympathetic ophthalmia. AB - A retrospective clinicopathologic study, conducted to determine the course of disease in 30 cases of sympathetic ophthalmia with clinical follow-up of at least six months (average, 12.7 years), showed that 21 of 30 patients retained visual acuities of 20/50 or better in the sympathizing eye. The severity of inflammation graded histologically in the exciting eye did not correlate with the clinical course of final visual acuity in the sympathizing eye. Enucleation of the exciting eye within two weeks of the onset of symptoms was associated with a relatively benign clinical course (P = .008). Corticosteroid treatment in patients who underwent enucleation more than two weeks after the onset of symptoms was associated with a good visual outcome (P = .009). Early enucleation of a blind exciting eye and corticosteroid treatment appear to be important variables that influence the visual prognosis in the sympathizing eye. PMID- 6614107 TI - The tuberculin skin test in the diagnosis of tuberculous uveitis. AB - Of 18 patients (seven men and 11 women, ranging in age from 15 to 63 years) with presumed tuberculous uveitis seen between 1970 and 1982, 11 had intermediate strength tuberculin skin test responses of less than 10 mm of induration. Similarly, nine had intermediate-strength responses of less than 5 mm of induration. Thus, any response of erythema or induration may be significant in the diagnosis of tuberculous uveitis and evidence enough for further testing with an isoniazid therapeutic trial. PMID- 6614108 TI - Allergic periorbital mucopyocele in children. AB - Two patients, an 11-year-old boy and a 13-year-old girl, with firm nontender progressive swelling in the medial canthal region also had histories of asthma and peripheral eosinophilia. Radiologic studies disclosed ethmoidal sinus ectasia and opacification. At surgery, a firm mass that filled the sinus was found in each case. Histologically, these masses consisted of inspissated mucus and a dense infiltrate in eosinophils. Surgical drainage resulted in a cure of one case and improvement in the other. Because of the marked allergic diathesis in both patients and the specific or unique character of the sinus contents, we propose the term allergic periorbital mucopyocele for this disorder. PMID- 6614109 TI - Trends in cataract surgery and intraocular lenses in the United States. AB - Cataracts are the second leading cause of blindness in the United States. The rate of cataract surgery has greatly increased in the past several years, in part because of the extensive use of intraocular lenses for aphakic correction. It is estimated that more than 600,000 cataract operations were done in 1982. During a similar period, an estimated 496,000 intraocular lenses were implanted. Thus, more than 70% of all cataract operations in the United States involved intraocular lens implantation. Although iris fixation lenses accounted for 52% of all intraocular lenses implanted in 1978, during the six-month period from July 1982 through January 1983 57% of all implanted intraocular lenses were posterior chamber lenses and 40% were anterior chamber lenses. PMID- 6614110 TI - Congenital cataract and intraocular lenses. AB - We implanted nine intraocular lenses for the aphakic correction of congenital monocular cataracts in eight children (eight eyes). During follow-up periods ranging from 18 to 50 months in six children, there were no major complications connected to the surgery. Parental cooperation with treatment for amblyopia was satisfactory in all cases. The degree of strabismus, the fixation pattern, and the optokinetic nystagmus responses improved postoperatively in all six. Three children old enough to cooperate during visual testing had visual acuities better than 20/200 and two of these had visual acuities of 20/40. In all six children the sound eye is still patched for three to six hours a day. All six attend regular kindergartens and participate in their normal activities without difficulty. PMID- 6614111 TI - Spontaneously regressing retinoblastomas, retinoma, or retinoblastoma group 0. AB - A 5-year-old boy had a gray, translucent retinal mass containing calcified nodules and surrounded by retinal pigment clumping and atrophy. The eye was enucleated and the patient has remained well for seven years. Microscopic examination disclosed an intraretinal tumor composed of benign-appearing cells in a bed of well-vascularized ground substance with calcific foci. There was surrounding retinal pigment epithelial hyperplasia but no peripheral necrosis or signs of tumor regression. There were no mitoses, cellular pleomorphism, nuclear atypia, rosettes, or other characteristics of malignancy. Tumors with this typical fundus appearance have been termed spontaneously regressing retinoblastoma or retinoma. Although the tumor in this patient was histopathologically benign, it carries the same genetic risk as a retinoblastoma. A better term for this lesion, therefore, is retinoblastoma group 0. PMID- 6614112 TI - Partial occlusion of the central retinal vein. AB - Twenty-three untreated patients (14 men and nine women ranging in age from 31 to 74 years) with partial occlusion of the central retinal vein were followed up prospectively for a minimum of 12 months. Seventeen had systemic vascular disease. At the conclusion of the study, 12 patients had visual acuities of 20/40 or better and eight had visual acuities of 20/100 or worse. Eleven patients had complete resolution of the retinopathy and had final visual acuities of 20/30 or better. Five eyes progressed to complete occlusion with final visual acuities of 20/300 or less. Seven eyes had chronic macular edema and visual acuities ranging from 20/40 to 20/200. One eye with background diabetic retinopathy developed optic disk neovascularization. None of the patients developed neovascular glaucoma. PMID- 6614113 TI - Pigmented paravenous chorioretinal atrophy. AB - Six patients (three men and three women, ranging in age from 19 to 65 years) with pigmented paravenous chorioretinal atrophy, a rare disorder of unknown origin, were studied for three- to 21-year periods. The diagnosis was made on the basis of the distinctive fundus appearance of bilateral, symmetrical bone corpuscular pigment accumulation exclusively along the distribution of the retinal veins. Although the fundus abnormalities can be mild or severe, retinal function tests indicated that this is a geographic and not a generalized disorder. Central visual acuities were normal. Follow-up studies showed no evidence of ophthalmoscopic or functional deterioration in five of the patients. In the sixth (Patient 6, the most severely affected), there was a mild progression of the fundus abnormality during the 21-year follow-up period. PMID- 6614114 TI - Superinfections in herpes simplex keratitis. AB - We reviewed 15 cases of culture-proven corneal superinfections in 15 patients (eight men and seven women ranging in age from 41 to 86 years) with recurrent herpes simplex keratitis. The factors that appeared to increase the risk of superinfection were the presence of an epithelial defect (found in all 15 cases), a history of recurrent herpetic keratouveitis (found in ten cases), and the use of topical corticosteroids (found in 13 cases). Eight of the 15 patients were taking antibiotics at the time the superinfections were diagnosed, indicating that topical antibiotics do not provide sufficient protection. Gram-negative rods were found in six cases (Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter cloacae, and Achromobacter sp.). Gram-positive organisms, often in association with another infecting agent, were found in six cases (Staphylococcus epidermidis, three cases; S. aureus, two cases; and Streptococcus sp., two cases). Fungal superinfections were found in three cases (Cephalosporium acremonium, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus fumigatus, one case each). Mycobacterium cheloni was found in two cases. PMID- 6614115 TI - Prolonged apnea caused by inherited cholinesterase deficiency after strabismus surgery. PMID- 6614116 TI - Fluorescein does not alter acetylcholine metabolism. PMID- 6614117 TI - HLA-A, -B, and -DR antigenic factors in ocular sarcoidosis. PMID- 6614118 TI - High blood pressure in choroidal arteries as a possible pathogenetic mechanism in senile macular degeneration. PMID- 6614119 TI - Abnormal blood viscosity and erythrocyte deformability in retinal vein occlusion. PMID- 6614120 TI - Fluid-gas exchange after vitrectomy. PMID- 6614121 TI - A registry of potential product substitutions of particular danger for ophthalmology. PMID- 6614122 TI - Results of sulfur hexafluoride gas in vitreous surgery. PMID- 6614123 TI - Presidential address. A look at our strengths in the '80s. PMID- 6614124 TI - The development of an occupational therapy interview/therapy set procedure. AB - Emphasis on returning patients quickly to the community requires staff in acute psychiatric settings to maximize therapeutic efforts within limited time frames. To satisfy standards for practice, therapists must constantly apply time management techniques to their therapeutic endeavors. Despite patient stays as brief as 10 days, practitioners continue to evaluate, treat, and plan for the discharge of each patient referred to their service. This led to a reassessment and restructuring of the initial occupational therapy interview in one psychiatric setting. The objectives of the interview, with particular emphasis on therapy set, are reviewed. These objectives were incorporated into a three-part procedure of interview/therapy set. The forms that structure the procedure are discussed as adaptable tools for use in similar settings. PMID- 6614125 TI - An asymmetrical tonic neck reflex rating scale. AB - Although the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR) is commonly used as one clinical assessment when evaluating children with suspected sensory integration deficits, maturational lags, or behavioral dysfunctions, observations are limited on the degree of this reflex in normal children at different age levels. A quantitative rating scale that indicates the degree of integration of the ATNR in normal first and third grade children is presented for purposes of comparison with the "suspect" child. A procedure for testing this reflex is described using the quadrupedal position, four sequences of lateral head rotation, and a rating scale consisting of four components. Using this ATNR rating scale, scores can be derived that could serve as a guide in determining whether the residual ATNR is comparable to that of normal subjects of the same age. PMID- 6614126 TI - Differentiation of praxis among children. AB - This study was designed to evaluate the conceptual model proposed by Luria to identify different types of dyspraxia in learning-disabled (LD) children. The types of apraxia investigated were kinesthetic, optic-spatial, symbolic, and dynamic. In addition, the study explored differential performance on tasks of praxis in learning-disabled children as a function of their Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) IQ patterns. The subjects included 41 LD and 17 normal children ages 108 months to 153 months. They were administered The Praxis Test for Children, a compilation based on Luria's division of types of praxis with brain-damaged adults. Results indicated that the test differentiated between the LD and normal groups on the dynamic and optic-spatial tests. Data analyzed for the LD children with a significant WISC-R discrepancy between their Verbal IQ and Performance IQ profile yielded no difference between these two IQ groups. Results were discussed in terms of the need to investigate individual patterns of performance in the differentiation of dyspraxia. PMID- 6614127 TI - Assessing the driving potential of cerebral vascular accident patients. AB - In this report, literature pertaining to training the post-cerebral vascular accident (CVA) driving candidate is reviewed; a driver training program is described, with special emphasis on evaluating the CVA candidate; the role of the occupational therapist as a disabled driver training instructor is outlined; information and suggestions for comprehensive evaluation and training of right- and left-CVA driving candidates are presented; and data comparing driver's training outcomes for right- and left-CVA candidates are provided. Retrospective data of left- and right-CVA driver performance are compared. PMID- 6614128 TI - Toward a methodology of the short-term effects of neurodevelopmental treatment. AB - Neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT) is a technique widely used by physical and occupational therapists in the treatment of neuromuscular disorders; however, quantitative evidence supporting its use has yet to be provided. Several studies have attempted to examine the effects of NDT, but because of poor research methodology, conclusions drawn to support the use of NDT are not based on reliable or well-documented evidence. The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable method of measuring short-term, objective changes in children with cerebral palsy and to measure the immediate effects of NDT and play interventions. A single subject design was replicated with four subjects receiving NDT and nonspecific play over a 5-week time period. Pre- and post-test items were designed to reflect qualitative changes in movement, postural tone, and reflex activity, and were videotaped and coded using interval and time sampling techniques. The results of this study are equivocal; they neither validate nor invalidate NDT. This study provides a methodology for the investigation of the short-term effects of NDT. PMID- 6614130 TI - Counterbalanced swivel fork. AB - The counterbalanced swivel fork aids persons who have limited upper extremity function and who have been unable to feed themselves with other available feeding equipment to enjoy some independence in eating. This device proved effective for a high-level quadriplegic. Any person who can operate a mobile arm support can use this fork effectively. PMID- 6614129 TI - Gradient pressure. AB - Using a properly timed sequence of early gradient pressure greatly facilitates the burn patient's rehabilitation in our program. Hypersensitivity is avoided or alleviated, skin breakdown is minimized, and early hypertrophic scar development and contracture is controlled. This allows commercial garments to be fitted at an early stage with the assurance that the skin is ready to accept the increased shear force and pressure of the garment. Early use of pressure can give the patient a head start in the rehabilitation process. PMID- 6614131 TI - On the relation between aniseikonia and axial anisometropia. AB - A dichoptic, size-matching technique was used to evaluate aniseikonia in a sample of axial anisometropes. During testing, the subjects were optically corrected to minimize differences in retinal image size. A clinically significant degree of aniseikonia was measured which varied in proportion to the magnitude of anisometropia. These results may reflect interocular differences in the spatial density of the retinal elements secondary to anisometropic ocular growth. PMID- 6614132 TI - Wavelength-dependent rod-cone transition of the electroretinographic response. AB - We have used signal-averaging and vector voltmeter techniques to measure the rod cone response transition of the primate corneal electroretinogram (ERG). Lights of 580 nm or shorter wavelength, flickering sinusoidally at 5 Hz, produced nearly sinusoidal ERG's with a rod-type spectral sensitivity. For stimuli of 600 nm or longer wavelength, the ERG exhibited cone as well as rod response components; the ERG response became increasingly nonlinear and measurements of sensitivity and phase grew more variable. Our results show how phase information may reveal changes in response nonlinearities. Response shape and vector voltmeter phase readings are more accurate indicators of the boundary between rod-only vs. rod cone mixed responses than are vector voltmeter magnitude readings. Shifts in the rod-cone response boundary could perhaps be exploited clinically to test for some anomalous visual processes. PMID- 6614133 TI - Border enhancement as a function of binocular fixation performance. AB - Traditionally, fixation disparity is measured by interocular vertical alignment of unfusable monocular targets. The disparity generally increases with forced ocular vergences, producing characteristic individual functions. This study explores a new method of monitoring binocular fixation performance; the method is based on the effect of the distance of the border stimulus from the foveal center on the lateral spread of border enhancement. That is, as this distance increases, the enhancement spread increases. It is found that, as increasing ocular vergence is applied, the enhancement also increases, in a manner resembling conventional fixation disparity measurements. However, some dissimilarities between the border enhancement functions and the conventional functions suggest that the directional values used as a basis for the latter undergo modifications. PMID- 6614134 TI - Eighteen-month clinical experience with extended wear silicone contact lenses on 400 patients. AB - Four hundred patients wearing silicone elastomer contact lenses for extended wear were monitored over an 18-month period. Safety and efficacy were evaluated as related to corneal physiology and lens performance. These lenses proved to be reasonably durable and the lens material and design characteristics did not interfere with ocular physiology but permitted good visual acuity and comfort. The authors' clinical experiences, when compared with other reports of extended wear lens designs and materials, indicate that this silicone elastomer lens provides superior performance characteristics. PMID- 6614135 TI - Zone of zero-associated phoria in patients with convergence insufficiency. AB - The zone of zero-associated phoria (ZZAP) was determined for patients with convergence insufficiency. The ZZAP for these patients differs from that of asymptomatic patients. It is concluded that the ZZAP may be used as a supplemental test to help the clinician detect convergence insufficiency and possibly other binocular deficiencies. PMID- 6614136 TI - New measures of fixation disparity in the diagnosis of binocular oculomotor deficiencies. AB - Two new measures of fixation disparity have been successfully used to evaluate the occurrence of binocular oculomotor deficiencies under (normal) viewing conditions with no interposed prisms. They are the threshold for the perception of misalignment between briefly presented dichoptic nonius lines and the SD of this threshold. The effectiveness of these new measures of fixation disparity for diagnosing binocular oculomotor deficiencies, which are symptomatically manifested as asthenopia, was found to surpass the diagnostic effectiveness of two measures of fixation disparity in current use: the mean amount of fixation disparity at the point where there are no prisms before the eyes and the slope of the fixation disparity curve near this point. The high diagnostic effectiveness of the new measures of fixation disparity, which are related to the spread of the fixation disparity, suggests that the binocular oculomotor deficiency underlying asthenopia is in essence an inaccurate and unstable alignment of the two eyes. PMID- 6614137 TI - Laboratory evaluation of commercial aspheric aphakic lenses. AB - Four types of commercial aspheric aphakic lenses were assessed with respect to mass, spectacle magnification, off-axis power errors, and peripheral distortion. The aspheric lenses have better distortion and off-axis imagery properties than spherical flat back lenses, but the improvement in distortion properties is small for those lenses whose design form specifies a flattish back surface. The claims concerning the distortion properties of these lenses are exaggerated. The shape (bending) of lenses has a large effect on spectacle magnification, peripheral distortion, and off-axis imagery. PMID- 6614138 TI - Spectral irradiances of and maximal permissible exposures to two indirect ophthalmoscopes. AB - Recent reports in the literature have indicated that exposure to certain high intensity sources used in clinical procedures may be damaging to the retina. To investigate this problem, the spectral irradiance of two indirect ophthalmoscopes [American Optical (AO) and Keeler] was measured. The instruments do show operational differences, the most striking of which was the difference in the total irradiance produced at the maximum voltage setting, the Keeler instrument providing nearly 3.6 times greater irradiance than the AO indirect ophthalmoscope. The sources are evaluated as blue light hazards, and maximal permissible exposures (MPE) are calculated and compared to the MPE established by ANSI Z-136 guidelines. PMID- 6614139 TI - A confrontation test of visual fields in the low-vision patient. AB - We report a simple method for measuring the extent of the visual field in patients from whom this measurement is difficult. One Maddox rod is used before the eye under test. Through the Maddox rod lens, this eye sees a white streak produced by a penlight. While fixating this white streak another penlight is brought into the field of view from the periphery. The patient is required to report only whether he sees one or two light streaks. The results correlate well with field measurements made on the tangent screen in patients with simulated field losses. PMID- 6614140 TI - Color of visual display terminals and the eye. Green VDTs provide the optimal stimulus to accommodation. AB - The longitudinal chromatic aberration of the human eye is substantial and therefore the color of the phosphor chosen for a visual display terminal (VDT) will affect refractive state and accommodative demand. For most working distances, green stimuli (lambda max 520 nm) are optimal. PMID- 6614141 TI - Light- and electron-microscopic observations of theophylline-induced aortic aneurysms in embryonic chicks. AB - These investigators have previously developed a model for inducing aortic aneurysms by administering theophylline or caffeine to embryonic chicks. This report describes light-microscopic and ultrastructural changes in aortic walls of theophylline-treated embryos relative to saline-treated controls. Light microscopic examination of areas of permanent aortic dilatation revealed thinning of the medial layer due to a marked decrease in the number of medial cells. Electron-microscopic observation of aortic walls with aneurysms revealed widely scattered medial cells with scanty cytoplasm containing poorly developed microorganelles, a markedly widened intercellular space with dispersed elastic and collagen fibers in the tunica media, and a disruption of endothelial cells. It is suggested that the induction of aortic aneurysms by theophylline in chick embryos may be attributed to two factors: 1) atrophy and subsequent hypoplasia of the aortic media possibly resulting from an elevated intracellular cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate, which inhibits mitosis in medial cells, and 2) altered hemodynamics due to the action of theophylline on the embryonic heart. PMID- 6614142 TI - Vitamin E--a selective inhibitor of the NADPH oxidoreductase enzyme system in human granulocytes. AB - The cellular sites of H2O2 formation in phagocytizing granulocytes have been identified with cerium chloride. A precipitate was visible in phagosomes and on plasma membranes from intact normal cells in the presence of either 0.71 mM NADH or NADPH. X-ray microanalysis permitted identification of cerium deposition within the phagosomes even in the absence of reduced pyridine nucleotides. Catalase ablated the formation of the reaction product. Intact granulocytes obtained from subjects receiving 1600 units of vitamin E daily for 2 weeks exhibited reaction product in the presence of NADH but not NADPH. Intact cells from subjects treated with vitamin E demonstrated diminished numbers of phagocytic vesicles containing reaction product. During phagocytosis the granulocytes treated with vitamin E consumed oxygen but exhibited significantly reduced rates of hydrogen-peroxide-dependent glucose-1-14C oxidation to 14CO2. Isolated phagocytic vesicles obtained from granulocytes after ingestion of opsonized lipopolysaccharide-paraffin oil droplets contained reaction product when exposed to 0.71 mM NADPH. No reaction product was evident at 0.71 mM NADH but was evident at 2.0 mM NADH. Isolated phagocytic vesicles from the granulocytes of subjects receiving vitamin E exhibited reaction product only in the presence of NADH. These observations suggest that vitamin E interferes with the electron transport chain apparently required for the oxidation of NADPH to form H2O2 in the phagocytizing granulocyte. PMID- 6614144 TI - Osteoarthrosis: sex-specific relationship to osteoporosis. AB - Examination of an Eskimo skeletal series demonstrated at least two etiologically distinct groups of joint deterioration divided along sex lines. Low bone mineral content (BMC) among women and high BMC among men were associated with osteoarthrosis on the tibial plateau. This finding contradicts conventional wisdom based on clinical observation, which suggests that reduced skeletal mass prevents osteoarthrosis. PMID- 6614145 TI - Multiple discriminant function analysis of sex and race in the postcranial skeleton. AB - Terry Collection femora and innominates of 260 American Whites and Blacks (65 males and 65 females of each race) were analyzed by multiple discriminant function analysis. A stepwise procedure produced three optimal discriminant functions using 15 of our 32 measurements. These functions correctly identified 95% of the sample. The first two-one for sex and one for race-are statistically and biologically significant and form the basis of our analysis. The sexing function manifested both size and shape elements. Prominent among the former was joint size--acetabular diameter and epicondylar diameter of the femur. The shape elements included form of the greater sciatic notch and of the inferomedial aspect of the pubic body. The racing function highlighted a pattern of greater innominate dimensions, exclusive of the acetabular joint, in Whites. This was in contrast to the greater length of the Black femur. Overall, the function seems to express the established differences between the races in the ratio of lower limb length to torso length. While these functions have been applied successfully to forensic cases with confirmed identifications, questions regarding the breadth of applicability of discriminant functions make it desirable to validate our results on new material from the Terry and other collections. PMID- 6614143 TI - Studies of intestinal lymphoid tissue. VII. The secondary nature of lymphoid cell "activation" in the jejunal lesion of tropical sprue. AB - Morphometric techniques were used in the evaluation of lymphocyte morphology and activity in tropical sprue. jejunal biopsies from control subjects (8), patients with epidemic disease (7), patients with endemic disease (11), and subjects who had recovered from sprue (4) were analyzed blindly. In patients with sprue, lymphocytes were increased significantly within crypt (but not surface) epithelium. Immunoblasts (greater than 6 mu in diameter) were increased by 5% over control subjects. Group means for lymphocytic mitotic indexes were also significantly raised, while flux ratios only differed significantly between endemic sprue patients and control subjects. The lymphocytic infiltration was distributed focally in the upper crypt and crypt-villus interzones. Analysis of epidemic cases (presenting within 4-28 days) revealed detectable changes in lymphocyte behavior only after 3 weeks' illness, whereas mucosal lesions and malabsorption were already established during the first week. These data indicate that lymphocyte activation, suggestive of a local cell-mediated immune reaction, does occur in tropical sprue but is secondary to damage already inflicted on enterocytes and their function. PMID- 6614146 TI - The mandibular corpus of female primates: taxonomic, dietary, and allometric correlates of interspecific variations in size and shape. AB - Measurements were taken on skulls of 253 adult female anthropoid primates from 32 species, in order to determine patterns and possible causes for variation among species in the cross-sectional size and shape of the mandibular corpus under M1. When all 32 species are considered as a group, there is a tendency for corpus shape to become more robust with increasing body size. However, this does not hold for colobines or cercopithecines evaluated separately. When diets are classified into the general categories of folivory or frugivory, neither size adjusted measurements of mandibular corpus breadth and height, nor estimates of the second moments of inertia or the polar moment of inertia of the mandibular cross section, show any relationship to dietary variation among species. Species reported to include hard nuts in their diets have larger mandibular cross sections than other species, and the size of the corpus is significantly correlated with size of the dentition and molar enamel thickness. A biomechanical model taking into account frictional effects of tooth-to-tooth contact indicates that mandibular corpus robusticity may not be related to a large horizontal component of force during mastication. PMID- 6614147 TI - Mortality of pregnant females in Arikara villages: osteological evidence. AB - High infant mortality and high mortality for late adolescent and young adult females suggest that obstetrical hazards may be one explanation for differences in male and female mortality curves. This possibility is investigated in Arikara skeletal series by determining the frequency of females who died with fetal remains in utero. Two females (0.9%) were so identified. Examination of the females and the fetal remains do not provide evidence that stress of childbearing was the cause of death in these cases. PMID- 6614148 TI - Digital dermatoglyphics of the Faroe Islanders. AB - Finger dermatoglyphics of 446 male and 463 female Faroe Islanders are described. According to birthplace information for their grandparents the individuals sampled are considered to be representative of all regions of the Faroes. Pattern frequencies are given for individual digits and the tables contain mean radial, ulnar, and unilateral maximal ridge counts. Overall frequencies of patterns and mean total ridge counts in both sexes are compared with other populations in northwestern Europe, several of which have had close historical connections with the Faroes. The Faroese have exceptionally high frequencies of arch and ulnar loop patterns, making their mean pattern intensity index values among the lowest in Europe. Low mean total ridge counts are also characteristic of this population. Icelanders show closer dermatoglyphic resemblance to the Faroese than any other European populations. Low mean total ridge counts among Shetland and Orkney Islanders are noteworthy, and it is possible that the resemblance between these North Atlantic island populations is due to common ancestry arising from Viking settlement during the 8th and 9th centuries. The operation of random genetic drift on the gene pool of the Faroe Islanders is another factor to be considered when assessing their biological affinities. PMID- 6614149 TI - Models for lineal effects in rhesus group fissions. AB - Gene distributions in daughter groups produced by three rhesus monkey group fissions are analyzed. Data employed are for the Tf, 6PGD, and CA II electrophoretic marker systems in the fissions producing new daughter groups F and M, F and O, and J and N in the Cayo Santiago rhesus colony. Wide variations in FST values were observed among the different markers in the various fissions. Overall, the observed FST values exceeded predictions of simple random fissioning models. However, on average, observations on electrophoretic markers fitted well with predicted values from lineal fissioning models. One of these lineal fissioning models, a simulation, incorporated the propagation of alleles in the matrilines of the fissioning groups. The second, an algebraic expression, utilized group sizes and average kinship values as parameters. PMID- 6614150 TI - Lack of prominent compensatory polycythemia in traditional native Andeans living at 4,200 meters. AB - Red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) and hematocrit (Hct) were measured in 303 male Quechua children and adults, aged 6 to 57 years, living a lifestyle as traditional pastoralists and horticulturalists at a mean altitude of 4,200 m in the Southern Peruvian Andes. Values for RBC, [Hb], and Hct increased with age from middle childhood to young adulthood. However, among adults there was no significant association between age and any of these three parameters. Overall, there was approximately a 10-12% increase in the RBC, [Hb], and Hct above sea-level norms for all age groups. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) showed a slight but significant increase with age in children and adolescents, but the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) did not. We conclude that the study of highland Quechua Indians, living a traditional lifestyle as pastoralists and horticulturalists, does not support the long-held belief that altitude hypoxia provokes a dramatic compensatory polycythemia in healthy Andeans. PMID- 6614151 TI - A craniofacial growth maturity gradient for males and females between 4 and 16 years of age. AB - Differential growth of the craniofacial complex implies variation in ontogenetic patterns of development. This investigation quantifies the relative maturity--as defined by percent adult status--of nine cephalometric dimensions and stature. Analysis is based on 663 lateral cephalograms from a mixed longitudinal sample of 26 males and 25 females between 4 and 16 years of age. Graphic comparison of maturity status across the age range shows that variation is intergraded between the neural and somatic growth maturity patterns, as described by head height and stature, respectively. The maturity gradient moves from head height through anterior cranial base, posterior cranial base and maxillary length, upper facial height, corpus length, and ramus height to stature. After 9 years of age ramus height is less mature than stature. Anterior maxillary and mandibular heights diminish during transitional dentition and thereafter exhibit maturity patterns that compare to corpus length. Although females are consistently more mature than males, the gradient of variation between dimensions is sex independent. PMID- 6614152 TI - Crown dimensions of deciduous teeth of prehistoric and living populations of western India. AB - Deciduous tooth crown dimensions are poorly known for the people of South Asia. This contribution describes dental crown dimensions of two prehistoric and one living population from the northwestern region of the subcontinent. PMID- 6614153 TI - Apical sodium uptake in toad kidney epithelial cell line A6. AB - The characteristics of the apical entry pathway for sodium into the cultured toad kidney epithelial cell line A6 are studied. Unidirectional apical sodium fluxes were determined by measuring the uptake of 22Na into confluent A6 epithelia growing in filter-bottomed cups. Apical sodium uptake was found to be a saturable function of sodium concentration with a Michaelis constant of 18 mM and a maximum velocity of 2.5 nmol X min-1 X cm-2. Amiloride competitively inhibits this sodium entry pathway with an inhibitor dissociation constant of 5 X 10(-8) M. Incubation of the epithelium with 10(-7) M aldosterone leads to a threefold increase in apical sodium uptake after 4 h. Both the aldosterone-stimulated and base-line sodium fluxes are completely inhibited by 10(-4) M amiloride. The similarity of these results to those from other tissues such as toad bladder and frog skin indicate that the A6 cells provide a useful model system for studying the apical entry pathway for sodium in tight epithelia. PMID- 6614154 TI - Development and activation of brown fat in rats with pheochromocytoma PC 12 tumors. AB - To study the neurohormonal determinism of cellular growth and differentiation and mitochondrial development in brown adipose tissue (BAT), this organ was analyzed in rats bearing uncloned or cloned (PC 12) pheochromocytoma; comparison was made with cold adaptation. Both uncloned and PC 12 tumors induced an enlargement of tissue weight and DNA total content, although smaller than during cold adaptation. The following striking modifications were observed in rats bearing PC 12 tumors: strong vasodilation, increase in protein and phospholipid percentage, alteration of the fatty acid composition of phospholipids, increase in mitochondrial protein, large increase of the GDP binding to isolated mitochondria, and marked rise in specific amount of 32,000-dalton uncoupling protein (ascertained using immunological approach). It is concluded that secretions of PC 12 tumors can induce the same alterations in BAT as does the sympathetic system during cold adaptation of animals. An important contribution of norepinephrine to these effects is evidenced, but a specific function of other trophic factors secreted by PC 12 cells and by sympathetic nerves can be postulated. PMID- 6614155 TI - Influence of organic acids on intracellular pH. AB - By use of double-barreled pH-sensitive microelectrodes, intracellular pH was measured in isolated sheep cardiac Purkinje strands. After equimolar substitution of 20 mmol/l Cl- by several organic anions at constant extracellular pH 6.8, the rate of induced intracellular acidification was measured. For many organic acids tested, a relation was found between the rate of intracellular acidification and the product of their dissociation constant (pK'a) and diisopropylether-to-water partition ratio (p'). L-Lactate and pyruvate, and also cyanoacetate and alpha ketobutyrate, caused faster acidifications than anticipated from their pK'a and p'. The rate of intracellular acidification, induced by L-lactate and pyruvate, was markedly depressed in the presence of 4 mmol/l alpha-cyano-4 hydroxycinnamate, a known inhibitor of the carrier-mediated pyruvate transport. The drug also had an effect on the acidification produced by cyanoacetate, alpha ketobutyrate, glycolate, alpha-hydroxybutyrate, and alpha-chloropropionate, but not on that produced by propionate and acetate. L-Lactate caused a faster acidification than D-lactate. Our results suggest the existence of a facilitated diffusion for L-lactate, pyruvate, and some other organic acids in sheep Purkinje cells. PMID- 6614156 TI - Uptake of latex particles by macrophages: characterization using flow cytometry. AB - Flow cytometry can be used to characterize the uptake of particles by small samples of pulmonary macrophages both quickly and accurately. We found that there was a linear relationship between the number of fluorescent latex particles and the fluorescent intensity associated with each cell up to 47 particles/cell. Macrophages lavaged from the lungs of Syrian golden hamsters were metabolically and functionally stable for 3 h of incubation; the average intracellular concentrations of Na+ and K+ were 29 +/- 2 and 158 +/- 6 mM, respectively. Particle uptake was significantly inhibited by removing divalent cations with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and lowering the incubation temperature (37 degrees C) to 24 and 3 degrees C. The cell-to-cell variability in the uptake of particles was greater than the Poisson distribution would predict based on the mean number of particles per cell. PMID- 6614157 TI - Bumetanide inhibits (Na + K + 2Cl) co-transport at a chloride site. AB - Chloride-dependent cation transport systems in a number of cells and tissues are inhibited by 5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid loop diuretics, such as furosemide and bumetanide. Interactions between chloride and bumetanide have been examined in the catecholamine-activated (Na + K + 2Cl) co-transport pathway of the duck red blood cell. Levels of chloride were varied while maintaining a constant ratio of internal to external chloride across the cell membrane. Increasing external chloride from 20 to 100 mM shifted the dose-response curve for the effect of bumetanide on co-transport toward higher concentrations of the drug. The bumetanide concentration producing half-maximal inhibition (IC50) was increased from approximately 6 X 10(-8) to approximately 2 X 10(-7) M. When cells were incubated in the presence of a constant, submaximal inhibitory dose of bumetanide (10(-8) M), increasing external chloride (in increments of 20 mM) from 20 to 140 mM progressively decreased the level of inhibition of the co-transport system. Kinetic analysis of the data demonstrates that bumetanide and chloride compete for a common site. PMID- 6614158 TI - Intracellular potassium activities in canine tracheal epithelium. PMID- 6614159 TI - Ca2+, myosin phosphorylation, and relaxation of arterial smooth muscle. AB - Relaxation of tissues prepared from the swine carotid media following agonist (110 mM K+) washout was analyzed as a dual-exponential decay. The time course of the initial rapid phase (about 2 min) corresponded to myosin dephosphorylation and to the decay of the capacity to shorten isotonically. Because myosin was dephosphorylated to basal levels within 2 min, we hypothesize that the later, slow phase of relaxation (lasting up to 45 min) was due to a slow inactivation of nonphosphorylated cross bridges. Removing extracellular Ca2+ (0 mM CaCl2, 0.1 mM ethyleneglycol-bis(beta-aminoethylether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid) greatly enhanced the rate of the slow phase of relaxation, and raising extracellular CaCl2 to 5 mM slowed relaxation significantly. A slow rate of Ca2+ removal to a final concentration that maintains resting tone appears to produce the slow phase of relaxation. These results support hypotheses based on other studies of contracting muscles. There appear to be two populations of cross bridges interacting with the thin filament: 1) phosphorylated and capable of rapid cycling, and 2) dephosphorylated cross bridges that can maintain stress. The latter reflect an unidentified regulatory mechanism, which appears to have a high sensitivity for Ca2+. PMID- 6614160 TI - Vasoconstrictor-evoked prostaglandin synthesis in cultured vascular smooth muscle. AB - We investigated the hypothesis that vasopressin, angiotensin II, and norepinephrine stimulate the synthesis of vasodilatory prostaglandins in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells from rat mesenteric arteries. The major prostaglandin synthesized by subcultured vascular smooth muscle cells was PGI2 (measured as its stable metabolite 6-keto-PGF1 alpha) followed by 1/20th to 1/40th as much PGF2 alpha and PGE2. Vasopressin and angiotensin II dose dependently increased prostaglandin synthesis with a half-maximal stimulatory concentration of the order of 1 X 10(-8) M for both peptides. However, vasopressin could provoke the synthesis of two to three times as much PGI2 as angiotensin II, at maximally effective concentrations. Vasopressin's ability to provoke prostaglandin synthesis depended on its pressor activity as demonstrated by the ability of a potent antipressor analogue of vasopressin, [1-(beta-mercapto beta,beta-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid), 2-(O-methyl)tyrosine] arginine vasopressin, to completely inhibit vasopressin-provoked prostaglandin synthesis. Moreover, 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin, an analogue having full antidiuretic but no pressor activity was much less effective than vasopressin as a prostaglandin-stimulatory agent. Unlike peptide vasoconstrictors, norepinephrine (10(-9) to 10(-5) M) had no ability to stimulate prostaglandin synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells. We conclude that the potent vasodilator PGI2, released from vascular smooth muscle cells, may buffer the peptide-induced vasoconstriction. PMID- 6614161 TI - Regulation of conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine in perfused rat kidney. AB - The factors regulating the renal uptake of thyroxine (T4), its conversion to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), and the urinary iodothyronine excretion were studied in the perfused rat kidney. Increasing the perfusate free T4 (FT4) concentration from 1 to 11.5 times that of euthyroid rat serum resulted in a linear increase in T4 uptake and T3 production that was not saturated at the highest dose. When FT4 concentrations were increased by decreasing the perfusate albumin concentration from 7.5 to 2.5 g/dl, T4 uptake and T3 production increased in proportion to the FT4 concentration. Propylthiouracil (PTU), a 5'-deiodinase inhibitor, decreased renal T3 production by 60.5% without affecting tissue T4 uptake. In the absence of glomerular filtration, T4 uptake and T3 production were unchanged, indicating that T4 is extracted by the contraluminal surface of the renal tubule. However, probenecid, an inhibitor of contraluminal organic acid uptake, did not decrease but increased T4 uptake and T3 production by increasing the perfusate FT4 fraction in the perfusate. There was no net renal 3,3',5' triiodothyronine (rT3) production from T4, and degradation and urinary excretion of T3 were negligible. The urinary excretion of T4 and T3 correlated closely with the degree of proteinuria. PMID- 6614162 TI - Further observations of aldosterone response in barnacle muscle fibers. AB - Work with single muscle fibers from the barnacle Balanus nubilus has revealed that these fibers can be rendered sensitive to external application of aldosterone by preexposing the barnacle in vivo to the steroid for 16 h. Experiments investigating the dose-response relationship, glucocorticoid sensitivity of the preparation, and the role of the mitochondria in the aldosterone response in this preparation are presented. It is demonstrated that saturation kinetics may be seen in the dose-response curve if care is taken to isolate only fibers from animals that are in midmolt cycle. Data is presented that demonstrated a specific mineralocorticoid response to aldosterone in this preparation rather than a combined mineralocorticoid-glucocorticoid response, as has been demonstrated in other preparations. Experiments investigating the role of the mitochondrial inhibitors and substrates suggest that aldosterone modulates Na efflux in barnacle muscle fibers by altering mitochondrial function, presumably at the level of succinic hydrogenase. PMID- 6614163 TI - Hepatic mitochondrial function in lean and obese Zucker rats. AB - Hepatic mitochondrial function was studied in lean and obese Zucker rats in the fed state and at 3 and 6 days of starvation. No significant differences in state 3 mitochondrial oxidative rates were found due to obesity or starvation. Palmitoylcarnitine utilization rates in mitochondria were unaffected by obesity or starvation; however, when expressed per gram liver weight, they were lower in the obese rats due to the decreased amount of mitochondrial protein per gram liver. For palmitoylcarnitine oxidation and acetoacetate and citrate production, the patterns were the same: per milligram mitochondrial protein, both lean and obese rates were equivalent; per total liver, the obese rates were higher; per gram liver, the obese rates were lower. Mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase specific activity was higher in fed obese than in lean rats and remained higher during starvation. The results indicate that mitochondrial capacity to oxidize fatty acids and to produce keto acids is not affected by genetic obesity or starvation. The differences in fatty acid oxidation and keto acid production that have been observed in hepatocytes and perfused liver might be explained by decreased mitochondrial protein per unit weight of liver or hepatocytes in obese rats. PMID- 6614164 TI - Characterization of alpha-keto acid transport across blood-brain barrier in rats. AB - The transport of keto acids, monocarboxylic acids, and ketone bodies was studied in barbiturate-anesthetized, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. [1-14C]propionate and D-3-[3-14C]hydroxybutyrate were found to cross the blood-brain barrier with brain uptake indexes of 43.53 and 7.10%, respectively. Transport of both of these substrates was saturable, with the values of transport Km being 2.03 and 6.54 mM, respectively. A Ki of 0.68 mM was derived from competition data measuring the uptake of [1-14C]alpha-ketoisocaproate in the presence of unlabeled alpha ketobutyrate. This finding and results from classical inhibition studies support competition for transport of keto acids for a common carrier. The brain uptake of [1-14C]propionate was significantly reduced by keto acids and ketone bodies and the transport of D-3-[3-14C]hydroxybutyrate was significantly inhibited by unlabeled monocarboxylic acids, keto acids, and acetoacetate. Evidence for competitive transport of alpha-keto acids, monocarboxylic acids, and ketone bodies is presented in the form of classical double-reciprocal inhibition plots and of labeled monocarboxylic acids and ketone bodies by an increasing concentration of unlabeled alpha-ketoisocaproate, the latter method yielding Ki values of 0.29 and 0.63 mM, respectively. The brain uptake of labeled propionate was inhibited by unlabeled D-3-hydroxybutyrate. A Ki of 6.43 mM, derived from this data, approximated the Km of transport of D-3-hydroxybutyrate, suggesting that ketone bodies and monocarboxylic acids compete for transport via the same carrier that is operative for keto acids. PMID- 6614165 TI - Increase in pituitary dopaminergic receptors after monosodium glutamate treatment. AB - We investigated whether a decrease in arcuate nucleus dopamine (DA) levels resulting from neonatal treatment with monosodium glutamate (MSG) affects the anterior pituitary DA receptors in adult male rats. MSG treatment resulted in a significant reduction in medial basal hypothalamic (MBH) DA levels, no change in its norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) concentrations, and a marked increase in circulating prolactin (PRL). Scatchard analyses of DA binding characteristics to anterior pituitary membranes using [3H]spiperone revealed linear plots, suggesting a single class of high-affinity, low-capacity binding sites. The DA binding capacity was significantly higher in MSG-treated rats than in controls with no change in affinity. The data indicate that anterior pituitary DA receptors change in accordance with altered physiological conditions. The increase in the number of DA receptors following destruction of the arcuate nucleus is probably a direct effect of reduced DA levels reaching the anterior pituitary gland. PMID- 6614166 TI - Angiotensin-mediated calcium efflux from adrenal glomerulosa cells. AB - The effects of angiotensin II on efflux of radiocalcium and production of aldosterone from dispersed bovine adrenal glomerulosa cells were studied using a flow-through system. Concentrations of angiotensin II between 1.25 X 10(-10) and 1.25 X 10(-8) M were found to stimulate both radiocalcium efflux and the rate of aldosterone production. The increase in radiocalcium efflux occurred within 1.5 2.5 min after angiotensin addition, reached a peak in 3.0-4.5 min, and then declined to a value slightly greater than control. The initial increase in aldosterone production occurred 3-5 min after the peak of calcium efflux. In cells preloaded with [45Ca] and then perfused for 1 h with a medium containing no calcium, the basal rate of aldosterone production fell to zero. Angiotensin II (1.25 X 10(-8) M) caused no increase in aldosterone secretion rate but still caused an efflux of radiocalcium. Exposure of cells to 5 X 10(-5) M verapamil blocked the effect of 1.25 X 10(-10) M angiotensin on both radiocalcium efflux and aldosterone production, but only partially blocked the effects of 1.25 X 10( 8) M angiotensin. In addition to stimulating calcium uptake into adrenal glomerulosa cells, angiotensin II stimulates the mobilization of calcium from an intracellular pool. The precise location of this pool is not known. PMID- 6614167 TI - Role of gluconeogenesis in epinephrine-stimulated hepatic glucose production in humans. AB - To evaluate the contribution of gluconeogenesis to epinephrine-stimulated glucose production, we infused epinephrine (0.06 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1) for 90 min into normal humans during combined hepatic vein catheterization and [U 14C]alanine infusion. Epinephrine infusion produced a rise in blood glucose (50 60%) and plasma insulin (30-40%), whereas glucagon levels increased only at 30 min (19%, P less than 0.05). Net splanchnic glucose output transiently increased by 150% and then returned to base line by 60 min. In contrast, the conversion of labeled alanine and lactate into glucose increased fourfold and remained elevated throughout the epinephrine infusion. Similarly, epinephrine produced a sustained increase in the net splanchnic uptake of cold lactate (four- to fivefold) and alanine (50-80%) although the fractional extraction of both substrates by splanchnic tissues was unchanged. We conclude that a) epinephrine is a potent stimulator of gluconeogenesis in humans, and b) this effect is primarily mediated by mobilization of lactate and alanine from extrasplanchnic tissues. Our data suggest that the initial epinephrine-induced rise in glucose production is largely due to activation of glycogenolysis. Thereafter, the effect of epinephrine on glycogenolysis (but not gluconeogenesis) wanes, and epinephrine stimulated gluconeogenesis becomes the major factor maintaining hepatic glucose production. PMID- 6614168 TI - Calculation of substrate turnover rate in stable isotope tracer studies. AB - The determination of substrate turnover rate with stable isotope-labeled compounds has advantages of being safe and applicable in the study of children and pregnant women. Currently, a majority of these studies has been performed with primed constant-rate infusion technique. The isotope enrichment of the substrate in the plasma is measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). The turnover rate is then calculated from steady-state kinetics. A number of different equations have been used by various investigators for this purpose. Based on theoretical consideration and experimental data, it is concluded that the equation P = [(1/E) - 1] I or P = (y/x) I should be used for a correct turnover rate calculation, where P is turnover rate in mumol X kg-1, E the isotope enrichment, I the infusion rate in mumol X kg-1 X min-1, and y/x the mole ratio of tracee to tracers. A GCMS standard curve constructed from isotope enrichment versus isotope peak abundance should be used for the former equation, whereas a standard curve constructed from mole ratio (x/y) versus isotope ratio should be used for the latter equation. Interchange of standard curves or use of other equations will produce erroneous turnover rate. This is especially significant when a low enriched isotope-labeled compound is used as a tracer. PMID- 6614169 TI - Inhibitory effect of epinephrine on renal potassium secretion: a micropuncture study. AB - The effect of epinephrine on renal potassium excretion was examined in the rat. In group I KCl was infused acutely to increase plasma K (PK) by 2.0 meq/liter; urinary K excretion (UKV) rose by 1.22 mueq/min. In group II rats, which received a similar dose of KCl but with epinephrine, the increase in PK (delta = 0.8 meq/liter, P less than 0.001) was blunted and UKV was reduced (delta = 0.23 mueq/min, P less than 0.001). To determine whether the reduction in UKV resulted from the smaller increase in PK or from a direct action of epinephrine on renal K transport, a third group of animals received a lower dose of KCl. Despite similar PK levels, the epinephrine group excreted significantly less K in the urine (0.61 vs. 0.93 mueq/min). In group IV propranolol was infused with KCl; UKV was modestly increased. The effects of epinephrine on UKV were unrelated to changes in glomerular filtration rate, urine flow, or UNaV. Micropuncture results showed that at comparable PK levels epinephrine had no direct effect on K secretion by the distal tubule but indirectly inhibited K secretion in this nephron segment by reducing PK. In addition, epinephrine reduced K addition at tubular sites beyond the late distal tubule, most likely in the collecting tubule. PMID- 6614170 TI - Renal nerves in renal adaptation to dietary sodium restriction. AB - To assess the physiologic importance of the renal nerves in the renal mechanisms for the maintenance of body sodium balance, renal adaptation to normal and low sodium diet was evaluated in conscious Sprague-Dawley male rats before and 8 days after recovery from bilateral surgical-pharmacological renal denervation. Renal denervation was confirmed in every rat at the end of the study by absence of renal vasoconstriction to splanchnic nerve stimulation and loss of renal tissue norepinephrine content. Daily sodium balance, defined as the difference between dietary sodium intake and urinary sodium excretion, was positive with the normal sodium diet before and after bilateral renal denervation. Prior to bilateral renal denervation, changing to the low sodium diet was associated with a diminishingly negative sodium balance for 3 days that became progressively positive thereafter. After bilateral renal denervation, changing to the low sodium diet was associated with a continuous and progressively negative sodium balance. We conclude that intact renal innervation is required for normal renal sodium conservation and maintenance of body sodium balance during dietary sodium restriction. PMID- 6614171 TI - Demonstration of an intrinsic renal adaptation for K+ conservation in short-term K+ depletion. AB - Renal potassium conservation occurs within 3 days of potassium deprivation by a mechanism that appears to be independent of mineralocorticoids and sodium and anion excretion. To examine whether the mechanism involves an intrinsic renal adaptation, urinary potassium excretion was measured in isolated perfused kidneys from rats maintained on a normal or K+-free diet for 3 days. Perfusions were carried out with a K+ concentration that averaged 3.5 mM and with glucose (5 mM) as the only substrate. Both absolute (UKV) and fractional K+ excretion (FEK) were substantially less in kidneys from animals on K+-free diets compared with controls. These differences in K+ excretion were not explained by changes in GFR, urine flow rate, urine pH, or sodium, chloride, or ammonium excretion. The K+ content of renal tissue was not different in the perfused and nonperfused kidneys from rats receiving K+-free diets compared with controls. Suppression of K+ excretion by amiloride (10(-4) M) suggested that, as in vivo, tubular secretion of K+ in the perfused normal kidney accounts for 90% of the urinary K+ excretion and that tubular K+ secretion is reduced in isolated kidneys from animals on a K+ free diet. Further studies of isolated kidneys from adrenalectomized (ADX) rats receiving aldosterone and dexamethasone replacement and fed a normal or K-free diet also revealed significantly lower UKV and FEK in kidneys from animals on K+ free diets. K+ content of renal tissue was not different in the ADX animals on a K+-free diet compared with ADX rats on normal K+ intake. These studies indicate that within 72 h of dietary K+ deprivation an intrinsic renal adaptive process to conserve potassium is activated that is independent of renal potassium content, aldosterone, and urinary factors that can alter K+ excretion such as flow, pH, ammonium, sodium, and anions. This regulatory mechanism, which has a substantial influence on potassium excretion, remains to be elucidated. PMID- 6614172 TI - Maleic acid-induced reabsorptive dysfunction in the proximal and distal nephron. AB - Micropuncture and clearance studies were performed to assess reabsorptive function in the proximal and distal nephron of rats with experimental Fanconi's syndrome induced by maleic acid. Anesthetized rats were studied by free-flow micropuncture of the late proximal tubule 90-120 min after continuous intravenous administration of maleic acid, 100 mg X kg-1 X h-1. Compared with control rats, the reabsorption of sodium and phosphate was significantly reduced (P less than 0.001 and less than 0.02, respectively). Tubular fluid-to-ultrafiltrate (TF/UF) chloride concentration ratio was 1.00 +/- 0.02 compared with 1.16 +/- 0.03 (P less than 0.01) in controls, suggesting a nearly total inhibition of proximal bicarbonate reabsorption. Whole kidney fractional excretions of sodium and chloride were increased significantly (P less than 0.02) but could not be explained by enhanced delivery of these solutes out of the late proximal tubule. To assess whether distal nephron reabsorption of sodium and chloride were inhibited by maleic acid, clearance studies were performed during water diuresis in awake rats. During maleic acid administration, 200 mg X kg-1 X h-1, urine flow rate (P less than 0.02) and the fractional excretions of sodium and chloride (P less than 0.001) increased significantly, but fractional free water clearance decreased from 7.16 +/- 0.42 to 4.03 +/- 0.68% (P less than 0.001). In acetazolamide-treated control rats but not in maleic acid-treated rats with similar bicarbonaturia, the magnitude of fractional free water clearance closely approximated the simultaneously measured fractional distal delivery of chloride. These studies suggest that maleic acid inhibits reabsorption at a distal nephron site or sites as well as in the proximal tubule. PMID- 6614173 TI - Calcitonin decreases the renal tubular capacity for phosphate reabsorption. AB - The effects of pharmacologic doses of synthetic salmon calcitonin on the renal tubular capacity of phosphate (Pi) transport were determined in the presence and absence of maximally phosphaturic doses of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Thyroparathyroidectomized rats were given graded infusions of Pi (1, 2, and 3 mumol/min) to prevent the hypophosphatemic effects of calcitonin and to determine the maximum transport of Pi for the kidney (TmPi/GFR). The maximum transport of Pi for the rats treated with calcitonin was 2.46 +/- 0.27 mumol/ml. This value was significantly less than that of 3.88 +/- 0.32 mumol/ml (P less than 0.05) for the control animals but was significantly greater than the maximum transport of Pi of 1.16 +/- 0.05 mumol/ml (P less than 0.05) for the rats treated with PTH. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the maximum transport of Pi for the rats treated with PTH and that of 1.04 +/- 0.05 mumol/ml for the rats treated with PTH plus calcitonin. We conclude that pharmacologic doses of calcitonin decrease the tubular capacity for Pi reabsorption of the kidney and that the effect is significantly smaller than that of maximally phosphaturic doses of PTH. PMID- 6614174 TI - Hydrogen ion secretion by the rat distal nephron: adaptation to chronic alkali and acid ingestion. AB - Isolated rat kidneys perfused at a low bicarbonate concentration were subjected to increased rates of buffer excretion, provided as creatinine, in order to examine the maximal hydrogen ion secretory capacity of the distal nephron. Preliminary experiments with kidneys from normal rats indicated that the quantity of hydrogen ion that titrated creatinine from urine pH to a pH of 6.0, designated TA-pH 6.0, provided an index of net hydrogen ion secretion by a functional segment of the distal nephron. With this technique the response of distal nephron hydrogen ion transport to ingestion of both acid and alkali loads was examined. Perfused kidneys from rats with chronic metabolic acidosis, produced by drinking 1.5% NH4Cl for 3-5 days, excreted urine with a lower pH and higher total titratable acid and TA-pH 6.0 than appropriate controls. Perfused kidneys from rats that ingested NaHCO3 for 7 days exhibited a higher urine pH and lower rates of total titratable acid and TA-pH 6.0 than controls. By contrast, kidneys from rats acutely tube-fed NaHCO3 3 h prior to study showed no change in urinary acidification parameters. Thus, chronic ingestion of an acid load stimulates, and chronic ingestion of an alkali load inhibits, the intrinsic hydrogen ion secretory capacity of the rat kidney at a distal nephron site. This intrinsic adaptation of the hydrogen ion transport mechanism is not secondary to changes in aldosterone because rats that ingested NaHCO3 chronically had higher plasma aldosterone levels than controls. PMID- 6614175 TI - Intracellular Cl- activity of the proximal tubule of Triturus kidney: dependence on extracellular ionic composition and transmembrane potential. AB - Intracellular Cl- activity (aiCl) was measured with double-barreled Cl- selective microelectrodes in Triturus proximal tubule and the effects of ionic composition of the perfusion solutions and the cell membrane potentials were studied. In the absence of HCO-/3, aiCl averaged 22.4 +/- 0.4 mM, the value being 3.8 times that expected from the Nernst equation. Increases in peritubular HCO /3 concentration without changing pH resulted in drastic decreases in aiCl. Addition of HCO-/3 to only the luminal fluid had no effect. Elimination of Na+ from the luminal fluid caused no immediate changes in aiCl, but long-lasting perfusions with a Na+-free solution resulted in a gradual decrease in aiCl. Lowering or raising intraluminal pH rapidly increased or decreased aiCl, respectively. Alanine-induced depolarization of the cell membranes exceeding 15 20 mV rapidly increased aiCl, and the increase was proportional to the driving force for Cl-. The results suggest the presence of a Cl-/OH- antiport mechanism in the luminal membrane and a Cl-/HCO-/3 exchange mechanism and voltage-dependent rectifying Cl- pathways in the peritubular membrane. PMID- 6614176 TI - Transport of phosphate, D-glucose, and L-valine in newborn rat kidney brush border. PMID- 6614177 TI - Development of solute transport in rabbit proximal tubule. II. Morphologic segmentation. AB - We examined the segmental morphologic maturation of the proximal tubule in order to identify some of the factors influencing the development of solute transport. Proximal tubules from the outer, middle, and inner kidney cortex were obtained from rabbits during the entire period of development and studied using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, microdissection, and semiquantitative morphometric analysis. The location of the tubule in the cortex was established by identifying its own glomerulus. The 1-wk-old rabbit showed the most immature proximal tubules in the outer cortex and a gradation of more mature tubules toward the inner zone. Only the inner cortical tubules were segmented at this time. The outer cortical tubules showed limited development for the 1st 2-3 wk after birth, while the inner cortical tubules were morphologically mature by 3 4 postnatal wk. Morphometric analysis revealed that the areas of apical, basolateral, and mitochondrial membranes developed at similar rates. Clearly, morphologic maturation of proximal tubules was reached at different times depending on the cortical origin. We conclude that a serial developmental examination of transport in proximal tubules should require the careful identification of the origin of each tubule in the cortex; otherwise, time dependent comparisons will be complicated by the inclusion of nephrons of diverse postnatal ages. In practice, at this time, the use of proximal tubules from the inner cortex throughout development, or from the outer cortex beyond 2-3 wk of age, permits such serial measurements and comparisons in the rabbit. PMID- 6614178 TI - Antral control of canine gastric emptying of solids. AB - We wondered whether antral mucosal nerves sense the size of particles in gastric chyme and then activate motor mechanisms that allow only small particles to empty. Four conscious dogs with duodenal Thomas cannulas were fed 100 g of bovine liver, half of which was labeled with cyano[57Co]cobalamin. Duodenal chyme was then collected in 15-min periods for 5 h and poured through a stack of sieves of decreasing pore size, and the percentage of radioactivity recovered on each sieve was determined per hour. Five studies were carried out on each dog before and beginning 2 wk after antral mucosal neurolysis, during which the antral mucosal nerves were divided by dissecting the entire antral mucosa circumferentially free from the surrounding antral muscularis. In the control tests, nearly all liver (93%) emptied as particles less than 1.4 mm in diameter, but the percentage emptied as larger particles increased in the 3rd through 5th postprandial h. After antral mucosal neurolysis, the increase in the percentage of larger particles emptied occurred sooner and to a greater extent, but the overall rate of emptying of liver was not changed. We concluded that antral mucosal nerves have a role in regulating the size of gastric particles emptied, but a minor one. PMID- 6614179 TI - Peripheral sympathetic pathways to gastroduodenal region of the guinea pig. AB - The sympathetic pathways to the stomach and duodenum of the guinea pig were studied by electrical nerve stimulation and by gastric distension in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro preparation consisted of the stomach and duodenum connected by para-arterial nerves to the celiac plexus. Gastroduodenal motility was measured with intraluminal pressure catheters. Stimulation of splanchnic nerves resulted in inhibition of propulsive contractions of both the stomach and duodenum. Stimulation of the left gastric nerve inhibited the stomach but not the duodenum, and stimulation of the gastroduodenal nerve inhibited the duodenum only. When the gastroduodenal nerve was stimulated, excitatory postsynaptic potentials were elicited in 18% of the cells from which intracellular recordings were made in the celiac ganglia. When the stomach was distended to a pressure of 5-7 cmH2O, propulsive contractions in the duodenum stopped in 86% of the distensions in the in vivo preparations and in 62% of the distensions in the in vitro preparations. Section of the gastroduodenal nerve eliminated the distension-induced inhibition of duodenal propulsion in vitro. These experiments describe the efferent sympathetic pathways to the celiac plexus of the guinea pig and demonstrate reflex pathways to the celiac plexus that can mediate a gastroduodenal inhibitory reflex. PMID- 6614180 TI - Carnitine transport in rat small intestine. AB - Although L-carnitine has been given orally to patients with systemic carnitine deficiency with successful control of the disease and is present in a variety of dietary sources, there is little available information on the physiology of its absorption. We therefore studied intestinal carnitine absorption in the rat by measuring the uptake of radioactive L-carnitine by everted intestinal rings and sacs. Active transport was demonstrated in duodenum and jejunum, but not ileum, with intracellular concentrations higher than medium concentrations at steady state and by the prevention of concentration gradients with anoxia, metabolic inhibitors, and replacement of sodium ion. Studies of the relationship of uptake to carnitine concentration demonstrated the presence of two components of transport: a saturable component (with a Km of between 206 and 316 microM) that could be inhibited by the metabolically inactive D-isomer and by acetylcarnitine and a linear component that we presume represents diffusion. PMID- 6614181 TI - Relation between osmotically induced hepatocyte enlargement and portal hypertension. PMID- 6614182 TI - Gastric and duodenal surface mucus gel thickness in rat: effects of prostaglandins and damaging agents. PMID- 6614183 TI - Rat pancreatic response to intestinal infusion of intact and hydrolyzed protein. AB - The effect of partial exclusion of pancreatic juice from the intestine on the pancreatic response to intraduodenal infusion of casein, casein hydrolysate, and trypsin inhibitor was investigated in conscious rats with chronic pancreatic and biliary fistulas. In controls all pancreatic juice collected was returned to the intestine. In partial diversion groups only 10% of the pancreatic juice collected was returned during each collection period. All bile was returned. Partial diversion of pancreatic juice slightly increased the response to NaCl, had no effect on the incremental response to casein hydrolysate, but doubled the incremental protein and volume response to casein infusion. Trypsin inhibitor infusion did not stimulate pancreatic secretion in controls but greatly increased pancreatic protein and fluid secretion in rats with partial diversion of pancreatic juice. The results confirm that protein hydrolysates are weak stimulants of pancreatic secretion in the rat compared with intact proteins and support the view that intact proteins and trypsin inhibitors stimulate pancreatic secretion in the rat by a common mechanism, i.e., by reducing feedback inhibition from luminal pancreatic proteases. PMID- 6614184 TI - Amino acid inhibition of bile acid uptake by isolated rat hepatocytes: relationship to dissipation of transmembrane Na+ gradient. AB - The effects of amino acids on bile acid uptake were studied in isolated rat hepatocytes. The Na+-dependent amino acid L-alanine inhibited [14C]taurocholate uptake in a nonlinear fashion (IC50, approximately 7 mM). Kinetic studies showed that alanine (30 mM) reduced the Vmax for taurocholate uptake from 1.7 +/- 0.1 to 1.1 +/- 0.1 nmol . mg protein-1 . min-1 but did not significantly affect taurocholate Km (42 +/- 7 vs. 35 +/- 7 microM). Taurocholate uptake was also inhibited by alpha-methylaminoisobutyric acid (which shares a common Na+ dependent transport pathway with alanine but is not metabolized) and by L glutamine (undergoes Na+-dependent hepatic uptake via a carrier distinct from that for alanine). In contrast, the Na+-independent amino acid 2 aminobicyclo(2,2,1)heptane-2-carboxylic acid had no effect on hepatocyte bile acid uptake. Alanine induced a twofold elevation of intracellular sodium concentration as determined by the steady-state uptake of 22Na. These findings suggest that Na+-dependent amino acids noncompetitively inhibit hepatocyte taurocholate uptake by dissipating the transmembrane Na+ gradient and thereby reduce the driving forces for Na+-coupled bile acid entry. Dissipation of the Na+ gradient by substrates that undergo Na+-dependent hepatic transport may represent a novel mechanism of bile secretory failure. PMID- 6614185 TI - Hepatic biotransformation of two hydroxy-7-oxotaurine-conjugated bile acids in the dog. PMID- 6614186 TI - Dietary-induced rapid decrease of microvillar carbohydrase activity in rat jejunoileum. AB - Activities of several carbohydrases and peptidases were determined in proximal, middle, and distal thirds of the jejunoileum of female 16-wk-old rats that were fed a high-starch (70 cal%), low-fat (7 cal%) diet for 2 wk and also in rats that (after this introductory period) were fed an isocaloric low-starch (5 cal%), high fat (73 cal%) diet for 1, 2, and 3 days. The body weight changes, food intake, amount of protein per intestinal segment, and rate of enterocyte migration were practically the same in all groups during these experimental periods. The decreased intake of starch was followed by a rapid decrease (40-80%) of carbohydrases (lactase, sucrase, maltase, and glucoamylase) within the first 24 h in total intestinal homogenates--and as studied in cryostat serial sections--in all regions of the jejunal villus-crypt columns, and mainly in proximal and middle segments. In contrast, the activities of leucylnaphthylamidase and L phenylalanylglycine hydrolase exhibited little change except for a slight temporary decrease of activity on the 1st day in the proximal segment only (25 30%). Thus these data show that a decrease of starch content in an isocaloric diet evokes a rapid decrease in the activity of microvillar carbohydrases and that activity of these enzymes both in mature and immature enterocytes is capable of reacting to a change (decrease) of dietary carbohydrate content. PMID- 6614187 TI - Glucose absorption by in vitro perfused colon of the fetal rat. AB - The anatomic configuration of fetal rat colon resembles that of the small bowel. Accordingly, glucose and amino acid absorption were measured in order to see whether the fetal rat colon resembled the small bowel functionally. In vitro luminal perfusion of the fetal rat colon at 20 days of gestation was employed to measure the rate of glucose and L-alanine absorption and the unidirectional flux rates of 3-O-methylglucose (3-O-MG). The colon was mounted between pipettes in a heated oxygenated bath and perfused with the solute to be studied dissolved in buffered physiological solution and polyethylene glycol with average molecular weight of 4,000 (PEG) as a nonabsorbable marker substance. The PEG was not transported and did not diffuse across fetal colon. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of perfused and control colon showed the presence of villi and the preservation of mucosal anatomy during perfusion. Glucose was absorbed at 173 +/- 16 mumol . h-1 . g-1 (8) and absorption was abolished in Na-free solution. 3-O-MG flux was 40 +/- 7 mumol . h-1 . g-1 (8) from lumen to bath and 7 +/- 1 mumol . h-1 . g-1 (8) from bath to lumen. L-Alanine flux was 130 +/- 15 mumol . h-1 . g-1 (8) from lumen to bath and 18 +/- 4 mumol . h-1 . g-1 (5) from bath to lumen, and the lumen-to-bath flux was only partially abolished by Na-free solutions. PMID- 6614188 TI - Transfer function through regional cerebral cortex evaluated by a photoelectric method. AB - A new technique is reported for obtaining the transfer function through the regional cerebral cortex. Tissue carbon-black (CB) dilution curves were recorded with a photoelectric apparatus used as a densitometer head in cat cortex in situ following intracarotid injection of 0.2 ml of 1/40 diluted CB solution. The linearity and stationarity of the vascular system, reproducibility of the curve, and recirculation were tested. The tissue CB dilution curve, a cumulative distribution function, was first differentiated yielding two curves comprising the inlet and outlet curves. The error due to "overlapping" was corrected for by extrapolation using the gamma-density function. The transfer function through the cortex was then calculated by numerical deconvolution of the inlet and outlet curves. The validity of the calculated transfer function was verified by comparison with that obtained from actual CB dilution curves recorded simultaneously from the pial artery and superior sagittal sinus. The transfer function was further subjected to moment analysis for determining the intraparenchymal circulatory parameters of the cerebral cortex. Some examples demonstrating the applicability of technique are given. PMID- 6614189 TI - Evaluation of methods for estimating infarct size by myosin LC2: comparison with cardiac enzymes. AB - The relationship between histologically determined infarct size and release or peak levels of circulating cardiac enzymes and myosin light chain 2 (LC2) was studied. Myocardial infarction was produced by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery in 18 conscious closed-chest dogs. Creatine phosphokinase (CPK), cytosolic and mitochondrial isozymes of aspartate transaminase (sAST and mAST) in the plasma, and LC2 in the serum were measured serially until 10 days after infarction, when infarct size was determined histologically [range 4.0-38.8% of the left ventricular weight (%LV)]. Infarct size correlated most closely with LC2 release (r = 0.82, P less than 0.001) and less closely with peak sAST (r = 0.59, P less than 0.01), peak mAST (r = 0.49, P less than 0.05), peak CPK (r = 0.22), and CPK release (r = 0.14). The correlation between infarct size and CPK release was improved by limiting the analysis to the dogs with infarct size of less than 20% LV (n = 11, r = 0.53, P less than 0.1). Because, among cardiac enzymes and LC2, CPK activity decayed most rapidly in the lymph fluid when incubated in vitro, degeneration of CPK in the lymph stream may contribute to the nonlinear relationship between infarct size and CPK release. PMID- 6614191 TI - Intrarenal flow of microspheres and red blood cells: skimming in slit and tube models. AB - Microspheres (MS) provide somewhat erroneous estimates of intrarenal blood flow distribution due to a variable MS skimming. The errors were computed from two sets of model experiments. Skimming of 3.5-, 10-, and 15-micron MS and normal and hardened red blood cells (RBC and HRBC, respectively) were studied in a slit model simulating an interlobular artery (ila) with variable diameter from 40 to 160 micron, having as a side branch of constant diameter one afferent arteriole with variable fractional flow. The corresponding afferent arteriole capture zones in the ila were determined in a tube model. All particles except 3.5-micron MS were skimmed, RBC having an effective diameter of 5 micron compared with 8 micron for HRBC. Skimming was greater in tubes than in slits at a given afferent arteriole flow fraction and was predominantly determined by the particle-to-ila diameter ratio. Intrarenal MS and RBC skimming in dog and rat kidneys was predicted on the basis of the number of afferent arterioles along the ila, ila diameter and tapering. The predictions agreed fairly well with available in vivo data. In conclusion, previously observed redistribution of MS, induced by vasodilation and vasoconstriction in the dog kidney, may be quantitatively ascribed to changes in the ila diameters and MS skimming in the inner cortex without redistribution of fractional blood flow between deep and superficial renal zones. PMID- 6614192 TI - Influence of circulating NE and Epi on adipose tissue vascular resistance and lipolysis in humans. AB - The effects of circulating norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (Epi) on vascular resistance in subcutaneous adipose tissue and the calf as well as on plasma glycerol, an indicator of lipolysis, were studied in healthy volunteers. Adipose tissue blood flow was determined by the local clearance of 99mTcO-4 or 133Xe. The two isotopes gave similar results. Calf blood flow was determined by venous occlusion plethysmography. Intravenous infusion of NE caused increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressures, adipose tissue and calf vascular resistances, and plasma glycerol and a decrease in plasma insulin and heart rate, all of which were significant when arterial plasma NE was elevated from 1.17 +/- 0.14 to 8.38 +/- 0.30 nM (n = 16). Epi reduced diastolic and mean arterial pressures and adipose tissue and calf vascular resistances and increased plasma glycerol without affecting systolic blood pressure or plasma insulin. An increase of arterial plasma Epi from 0.20 +/- 0.03 to 1.15 +/- 0.05 nM (n = 6) was sufficient to induce vasodilatation in adipose tissue and lipolysis. Human adipose tissue differs from canine adipose tissue inasmuch as Epi causes vasodilatation in humans (present results) but vasoconstriction in the dog (previous results), presumably due to a predominance of vascular beta 2 adrenoceptors in human and beta 1-adrenoceptors in canine adipose tissue. Furthermore, Epi is a considerably more potent lipolytic hormone than NE in humans but not in the dog. Our results indicate that both NE and Epi may influence human adipose tissue blood flow and lipolysis as circulating hormones. PMID- 6614190 TI - Abnormal baroreflex control in renal hypertension is due to abnormal baroreceptors. AB - We determined if baroreflex control (BC) of lumbar sympathetic nerve activity (LSNA) is preserved despite impaired control of heart rate (HR) in rabbits with 6 wk of renal hypertension (HT). Baroreflex responses were determined during transient or steady-state increases (phenylephrine, PE) or decreases (nitroglycerin or caval occlusion) in arterial pressure. Impaired BC of HR was confirmed in conscious and anesthetized HT rabbits with all baroreflexes intact. In contrast, BC of LSNA was preserved in anesthetized HT rabbits. We further determined whether this selective impairment of BC of HR but not of LSNA could be due to an abnormality in the central nervous system (CNS) or in the afferent limb of the baroreflex. With only the left aortic depressor nerve (ADN) intact (other arterial baroreceptor afferents cut), BC of both HR and LSNA in HT was significantly impaired during infusion of PE. However, responses of HR and LSNA to afferent electrical stimulation of the left ADN (all arterial baroreceptor afferents cut) were similar in HT and normotensive controls. We conclude that 1) BC of LSNA is preserved in renal HT even though control of HR is impaired; 2) selective impairment of BC of HR in HT results from an abnormality in the afferent limb of baroreflex and not in CNS; 3) this abnormality in the afferent limb is not sufficient to impair BC of LSNA when all baroreflexes are intact but is sufficient after partial arterial baroreceptor denervation. PMID- 6614193 TI - Determinants of systemic zero-flow arterial pressure. AB - Thirteen pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs whose carotid sinuses were isolated and perfused at a constant pressure were placed on total cardiac bypass. With systemic venous pressure held at 0 mmHg (condition 1), arterial inflow was stopped for 20 s at intrasinus pressures of 50, 125, and 200 mmHg. Zero-flow arterial pressures under condition 1 were 16.2 +/- 1.3 (SE), 13.8 +/- 1.1, and 12.5 +/- 0.8 mmHg, respectively. In condition 2, the venous outflow tube was clamped at the instant of stopping the inflow, causing venous pressure to rise. The zero-flow arterial pressures were 19.7 +/- 1.3, 18.5 +/- 1.4, and 16.4 +/- 1.2 mmHg for intrasinus pressures of 50, 125, and 200 mmHg, respectively. At all levels of intrasinus pressure, the zero-flow arterial pressure in condition 2 was higher (P less than 0.005) than in condition 1. In seven dogs, at an intrasinus pressure of 125 mmHg, epinephrine increased the zero-flow arterial pressure by 3.0 mmHg, whereas hexamethonium and papaverine decreased the zero-flow arterial pressure by 2 mmHg. Reductions in the hematocrit from 52 to 11% resulted in statistically significant changes (P less than 0.01) in zero-flow arterial pressures. Thus zero-flow arterial pressure was found to be affected by changes in venous pressure, hematocrit, and vasomotor tone. The evidence does not support the literally interpreted concept of the vascular waterfall as the model for the finite arteriovenous pressure difference at zero flow. PMID- 6614194 TI - Adenosine reduces catecholamine contractile responses in oxygenated and hypoxic atria. AB - The properties of adenosine attenuation of catecholamine-elicited increases in peak contractile force, rate of force development, and rate of relaxation were studied in isolated rat atria. Adenosine, at a concentration that did not cause a direct depressant effect by itself, was capable of reducing by approximately 15% the increase in the contractile parameters elicited by isoproterenol. This reduction was not overcome by elevating the catecholamine concentration. The adenosine reduction was prevented by theophylline or the presence of adenosine deaminase. The reduction appears to be independent of the acetylcholine-mediated reduction of catecholamine responses. Adenosine reduced the positive inotropic responses elicited by norepinephrine and epinephrine but not phenylephrine. Adenosine deaminase in oxygenated atria potentiated the catecholamine-elicited contractile responses and reduced the progressive fall of the elevated contractile responses observed with continual catecholamine stimulation. In hypoxic atria adenosine deaminase potentiated the positive inotropic responses observed with catecholamine stimulation. The results suggest that an adenosine specific mechanism is capable of attenuating the elevation in contractility elicited by beta-adrenergic stimulation. In addition, endogenous adenosine may be responsible, in part, for the reduction of catecholamine-mediated contractile responses in oxygenated and hypoxic myocardial tissue. PMID- 6614195 TI - Interaction between adenosine and inotropic interventions in guinea pig atria. AB - Isolated guinea pig atria stimulated to contract isometrically were used to determine whether adenosine at a concentration that does not cause a direct depressant effect on peak contractile force, rate of force development, and rate of relaxation was capable of influencing the elevation in these contractile parameters caused by an increase in preload, paired electrical stimulation, an increase in contraction frequency, and catecholamine stimulation in K+ depolarized and nondepolarized atrial muscle. Adenosine had no effect on the contractile parameters that were enhanced by an increase in preload or paired electrical stimulation. The nucleoside reduced the increases in the contractile parameters produced by isoproterenol stimulation, an increase in contraction frequency, and isoproterenol-induced contractions in depolarized atria. All adenosine reductions were inhibited by theophylline, an antagonist of adenosine actions. The adenosine reduction of the elevated contractile parameters caused by increasing contraction frequency was not prevented by atropine (a muscarinic antagonist) or propranolol (a beta-adrenergic blocking agent). These results suggest that adenosine at a concentration that does not produce direct negative inotropic responses is capable of attenuating the elevation in contractility elicited by catecholamine stimulation, an increase in contraction frequency, and catecholamine-induced contractions in depolarized atria. However, the reduction by adenosine of the contractile responses elicited by an increase in contraction frequency appears to be independent of catecholamines. PMID- 6614196 TI - Cardiovascular responses to graded reductions in hindlimb perfusion in exercising dogs. AB - In six dogs trained to run at 2, 4, and 6 mph, we caused graded reductions in hindlimb perfusion by compressing the terminal aorta. Our goal was to examine the relationship between hindlimb perfusion [terminal aortic flow (TAQ) and femoral arterial pressure (FP)] and cardiovascular responses [aortic pressure (AP), heart rate, and ascending aortic flow (CO)]. Small reductions in TAQ and FP produced bradycardia, small decreases in CO, and small increases in AP. Further reductions in TAQ and FP produced tachycardia, increased CO, and large increases in AP. AP rose by about 1 mmHg for each 1-mmHg fall in FP. The response was similar at all speeds, but as work load increased it required smaller reductions in FP and TAQ to cause a pressor response (e.g., at 6 mph we could not demonstrate a nonlinear relationship between TAQ and AP). At low work loads the cardiovascular responses to exercise were most likely set by signals other than feedback from exercising muscle because substantial reductions in hindlimb perfusion caused no significant cardiovascular responses. At moderate-to-high work loads or where muscle perfusion is restricted, metabolic feedback from muscle may play a role in cardiovascular responses to exercise. PMID- 6614197 TI - Chronic renal venous catheterization in fetal sheep. AB - To measure certain aspects of renal function it is necessary to monitor both renal arterial and venous blood. We describe a technique for chronically implanting a catheter in the renal vein of fetal lambs. Catheters have been inserted into the left renal vein in 11 fetuses at 120-125 days gestation and maintained for periods of 6-11 days (mean 8.7 +/- 2.2). We have determined that the catheter does not influence renal blood flow or alter renal morphology. We have also ascertained that the blood sampled from the renal venous catheter is not contaminated with blood from the inferior vena cava. This technique can be used to examine many aspects of renal physiology in the chronically instrumented fetal animal. PMID- 6614198 TI - Caffeine-induced current in embryonic heart cells: time course and voltage dependence. AB - Abrupt exposure of 90- to 130-micron diameter chick embryonic myocardial cell aggregates to 10 mM caffeine has been shown to induce a transient inward current. In the present study, we recorded a similar current in small cell clusters (less than 10 cells) in which access of caffeine to each of the cells was rapid. The resulting inward current consisted of a single peak, which decayed exponentially (predominant time constant 335 +/- 130 ms at -40 mV) and had a peak amplitude of up to 15.5 microA/cm2. The caffeine-induced current persisted when the slow inward current was abolished by a 30-s pretreatment with 2 microM D 600 and could be observed at potentials where the fast sodium channels were fully inactivated. The current-voltage relation of the caffeine response was linear between -110 and -40 mV, giving an extrapolated voltage intercept of +12 mV. However, the inward current did not diminish or reverse with further depolarization. A substantial inward current occurred at potentials up to +60 mV, which is more positive than the reversal potential of the tetrodotoxin-sensitive inward current. We conclude that the caffeine-induced current is mediated in part by electrogenic Na+-Ca2+ exchange. PMID- 6614199 TI - Prediction of myocardial 02 demand. PMID- 6614200 TI - Abuse of statistical packages: the case of the general linear model. AB - Since their introduction in the 1960s, packaged computer programs have freed researchers from much drudgery and painstaking computational labor. Before the distribution of these packages, many meaningful projects could not be attempted, simply because the data analysis phase would have been too labor intensive. However, the very ease of use of these packages can lead to their abuse. In particular, performing all possible t tests among numerous groups, calculating many correlations and circling the ones with P values less than 0.05, and performing stepwise regression all can easily lead to spurious statistical conclusions. The danger of these three practices is illustrated with three simple computer runs using random data. In each run statistically significant results were found for the random data. PMID- 6614201 TI - Distributed model for drug delivery to CSF and brain tissue. AB - Measurements of drug concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) provide the most accessible index of drug delivery to the brain. Our perception of the blood-brain barrier has been largely shaped by these measurements. A crucial question for the interpretation of these data is the nature of the relationships between drug concentration in CSF and the drug concentration profile in brain tissue. A distributed model for the delivery of drugs via plasma to brain tissue and CSF is presented, and the relationships between capillary exchange, tissue diffusion, and CSF turnover rate are explored. The effects of blood-brain barrier disruption on tissue and CSF concentrations are also simulated. PMID- 6614202 TI - Upper thoracic sympathetic neuron responses to input from urinary bladder afferents. AB - The aim of the present study was to evaluate the organization of neural circuitry responsible for the intersegmental transmission of input from urinary bladder afferents to sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs). The electrical activity of SPNs was recorded from axons of the cervical sympathetic trunk in anesthetized central nervous system (CNS)-intact and in unanesthetized midcollicular decerebrate or acute C1 spinal cats. In all three preparations, tonically active SPNs were excited or inhibited by 1) electrical stimulation of myelinated afferents of the pelvic or hypogastric nerve, both of which contain bladder afferents, and 2) spontaneous contraction or distension of the urinary bladder. The SPN responses to bladder distension were abolished by pelvic nerve section. A comparison of responses of SPNs in CNS-intact and acute spinal animals to electrical stimulation of pelvic nerve afferents suggests that both propriospinal and supraspinal circuits are involved in the intersegmental transmission of input from bladder afferents to SPNs. PMID- 6614203 TI - Circadian and arousal state influences on thermoregulation in the pigeon. AB - We report here the characteristics of spinal thermosensitivity in pigeons as a function of arousal state and time of day. At any time in the light-dark (LD) cycle, the thresholds for shivering and panting were lower during non-rapid-eye movement (NREM) sleep than during wakefulness. These thresholds in both awake and sleeping animals were lower during D than during L. The gain of the metabolic response to spinal cooling was nearly the same in wakefulness and NREM sleep. Shivering and panting responses to spinal thermal stimulations were impaired during REM sleep compared with wakefulness and NREM sleep. The results support the idea that central nervous system mechanisms controlling arousal states and circadian rhythmicity have separate and additive influences on temperature regulation in the pigeon. PMID- 6614204 TI - Critical role of food amount for prefeeding corticosterone peak in rats. AB - The effects of food on plasma corticosterone levels were examined in rats under restricted daily feeding or prolonged food deprivation. High hormone levels before feeding were observed when the daily meal was restricted to 2 h at a fixed time of day, but it was not detected when food availability was extended to 6 h. The amount of food intake under the latter condition was comparable to that in 24 h of ad libitum feeding. After the termination of restricted feeding, the prefeeding hormone peak was maintained in rats fasted subsequently but disappeared when rats were returned to ad libitum feeding. Food deprivation for 10 days increased plasma corticosterone levels in the light period, resulting in abolition of the circadian rhythm. A subsequent meal decreased the hormone level such that the 24-h mean hormone level after food ingestion was inversely related to the amount of food intake. When rats were allowed to feed for 6 h after prolonged food deprivation, the prefeeding hormone peak observed at the second meal disappeared at the fourth meal. The amount of food consumption in these rats increased and reached a level comparable to that with ad libitum feeding at the third meal. It is concluded that the amount of food intake is critical for the development and maintenance of the prefeeding hormone peak under restricted feeding; prolonged fasting. PMID- 6614205 TI - Multisegmental spinal sympathetic reflexes originating from the heart. AB - Activation of cardiac sympathetic afferent nerves can initiate excitatory cardiocardiac reflexes through pathways that are exclusively spinal. In addition, stimulation of the same nerves also causes lower thoracic and lumbar sympathetic excitation, but the contribution of spinal pathways to these reflexes is unknown. Therefore experiments were performed to compare cardiac, splenic, and renal sympathetic responses to cardiac sympathetic afferent stimulation before and after cervical spinal cord transection in anesthetized, vagotomized, sinoaortic denervated cats. Electrical stimulation of afferent cardiac sympathetic nerves produced excitatory responses in cardiac and renal nerves before transection but only cardiac nerve responses after transection. In contrast, afferent stimulation by epicardially applied bradykinin excited cardiac, renal, and splenic nerves before and after cord transection. Splenic nerve responses were greater than renal nerve responses in intact and spinal cats. These results demonstrate that spinal reflexes initiated by activation of cardiac sympathetic afferent nerves are not limited to cardiocardiac pathways. The similarity of patterns of responses in intact and spinal cats suggests that spinal pathways contribute significantly to the reflex excitation observed in intact animals. PMID- 6614206 TI - Relationship between sympathetic activity and diet-induced obesity in two rat strains. AB - Chronic diet-induced obesity developed in 50-60% of male Sprague-Dawley rats fed a relatively high-calorie diet for 90 days. The remaining rats decreased their caloric intake and resisted the development of obesity. All male Fischer F-344 rats fed this diet for 85 days became obese but to only half the degree of the obese Sprague-Dawley rats. The development of chronic obesity in both rat strains was associated with decreased norepinephrine (NE) levels in hearts and aortas and decreased NE turnover in aortas compared with chow-fed controls. However, 40-50% of the Sprague-Dawley rats did not become obese on this diet, yet showed similar findings suggesting an effect of dietary composition on sympathetic function. The more profoundly obese Sprague-Dawley rats additionally showed decreased or absent NE turnover in their hearts and pancreases. Since sympathetic function in both strains of rats with diet-induced obesity was either depressed or normal, it appears unlikely that the initial enhancement of sympathetic activity seen during short-term overfeeding plays an important continuing role in combating more chronic states of obesity in the rat. PMID- 6614207 TI - Hyperinsulinemia in rats with hypothalamic obesity: effects of autonomic drugs and glucose. AB - The present study examined the effects of autonomic drugs and glucose on the insulin and glucose concentrations of sham-operated rats and of rats with ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) lesions and obesity. In the basal condition both epinephrine and atropine significantly decreased serum insulin levels in VMH lesioned but not sham-operated rats. During glucose stimulation of insulin secretion in VMH-lesioned rats, epinephrine inhibited the increase of insulin by 83% and atropine inhibited it by 42%; whereas in sham-operated rats, epinephrine inhibited it by 70% and atropine inhibited it by 34%. Epinephrine with atropine completely blocked the increase of insulin in response to glucose in both VMH lesioned and sham-operated rats. In the basal condition, epinephrine together with propranolol significantly decreased serum insulin levels in VMH-lesioned but not sham-operated rats. Epinephrine with phentolamine, on the other hand, markedly increased insulin in the VMH-lesioned rats and to a lesser degree in the sham-operated rats. During glucose stimulation epinephrine with propranolol inhibited the increase of insulin in both groups. Epinephrine with phentolamine or isoproterenol markedly increased serum insulin in VMH-lesioned rats. These results suggest that stimulation of the vagus nerve and increased sensitivity of the beta-receptors on the beta-cells of the islet contribute to the development of hyperinsulinemia. The sympathetic contribution may also be through suppression of alpha-adrenergic receptors. PMID- 6614208 TI - An investigation of the age-related deficits in the febrile response of the rabbit. AB - The febrile response of the New Zealand White rabbit in animals less than 1 yr old was compared with that in 3-yr-old animals. A reduced febrile response to both endotoxin and live bacteria injected intravenously was observed in the older group of animals. Peripheral vasoconstriction was observed, suggesting the drive to increase body temperature remained. Plasma catecholamines increased significantly in both groups of animals during fever. However, significantly greater increases in plasma epinephrine were observed in the older animals. A significant deficit in catecholamine-induced thermogenesis was observed in the older group of rabbits. This deficit alone does not explain the reduced febrile response, as beta-adrenergic blockade does not suppress the febrile response of young animals. Thus it is suggested that the primary deficit resulting in a reduced febrile response in the 3-yr-old rabbits is due to other age-related changes in the thermoregulatory system. PMID- 6614209 TI - Nascent and remnant lipoprotein turnover in rats: experimental design and simulation. AB - We have attempted to predict the kinetic behavior of the complex very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL; d less than 1.006) fraction in blood plasma of rats in the steady state. Specifically we proposed a simple model with two different kinds of nascent VLDL particles derived from the liver, one containing apoprotein B (PI/II) [apoB(PI/II)], the high-molecular-weight apoB, and the other, apoprotein B (PIII) [apoB(PIII)], the low-molecular-weight apoB. Two other particles, the corresponding remnants derived from the nascent VLDL particles were also included. Then a number of feasible in vivo tracer experiments were considered in which VLDL labeled in the apoB and/or triglyceride (TG) moieties would be injected into recipient rats and the kinetic behavior of the various compartments predicted by simulation analysis. In addition the kinetic behavior of products such as free fatty acids formed during hydrolysis of labeled TG fatty acids and liver TG derived from labeled circulating remnants was considered. Both the relative sizes of nascent and remnant particles and the extent of average hydrolysis of nascent VLDL-TG (before formation of a remnant particle) were considered in our analysis. On the basis of these predictions we have suggested a number of experimental approaches that should be helpful in defining the relative pool sizes and the turnover rates of each kind of particle in vivo. PMID- 6614210 TI - Effects of guanethidine sympathectomy on ventromedial hypothalamic obesity. AB - Since ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) lesions apparently produce chronic increases in parasympathetic activity and decreases in sympathetic responses, two experiments were performed to determine whether decreases in sympathetic tone alone are sufficient either to produce elements of the VMH syndrome or to potentiate the expression of the syndrome in animals with lesions. In experiment 1, rats that had been injected with guanethidine sulfate for 5 wk (40 mg X kg-1 X day-1) to produce a permanent sympathectomy (SympX) were maintained on a high-fat diet and subsequently subjected to VMH lesions. In experiment 2, adrenal demedullated animals were treated with guanethidine for 6 wk and then subsequently underwent VMH lesions. SympX in the studies (81 and 85% depletion of superior cervical ganglia neurons, respectively) did duplicate the effects of VMH lesions on salivary gland weights. In neither experiment, however, did SympX alone or in combination with demedullation mimic the effects of VMH lesions on food intake, body weight, or body fat. Determinations of free fatty acids (FFAs) in the experiments confirmed that VMH lesions elevate basal FFA levels, but they also indicated that effective VMH lesions need not impair the FFA mobilization to 2-deoxyglucose challenges as some basomedial hypothalamic lesions do. In addition, experiment 2, which employed a prolonged period of high-fat feeding, revealed that SympX plus adrenal demedullation could potentiate (a 13% increase) the effects of VMH lesions on body weight. The results taken together do not support the conclusion that a preponderance of the VMH syndrome can be accounted for by the type of reduction in sympathetic tone produced by guanethidine. PMID- 6614211 TI - Brain and deep abdominal temperatures during induced fever in pregnant rabbits. AB - Rectal (Tre), hypothalamic (Thy), and uterine (Tut) temperatures were monitored before and during the course of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)-induced fever in pregnant rabbits on days 10, 12, 16, 18, 24, 26, 29, and 31 after mating. Tre and Tut were consistently higher than Thy in both nonpregnant and pregnant normothermic does, but changes in the three parameters were closely correlated. In near-term rabbits, both Tre and Thy were significantly lower than in the same does before pregnancy, and the Tre-Thy difference was significantly less than for the same animals before pregnancy, with near-term Thy maintained at a relatively higher level than Tre or Tut. Fever height in the various stages of pregnancy was not different from that observed before mating. PMID- 6614212 TI - Body temperature control of rat tail blood flow. AB - Tail blood flow (BF) and heat flow (HF) were measured in five albino rats during transients in rectal temperature (Tre) caused by body heating at rest. During heating, tail temperature (Tt) was kept at 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, or 42 degrees C by enclosing the tail in a water-perfused tube. Thermal conductance (K) was computed as HF/(Tre-Tt). BF was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. Heating caused a rise in Tre that was accompanied by proportional increases in both K and BF. The ratio R = K/BF represents conductance per unit BF and reflects the amount of heat exchange for a given BF. R can thus be used to estimate the distribution of BF within the tail. R was independent of Tre at all Tt, indicating that BF distribution is controlled by the tail. R was low at low Tt and rose at higher Tt. This suggests that at low Tt, blood flows primarily in central veins of the tail and at higher Tt blood flows in peripheral tail veins. PMID- 6614213 TI - Differential pattern of sympathetic outflow during upper airway stimulation with smoke. AB - This study investigates directly the possibility that sympathetic discharge to the heart is decreased while it is increased to other organs during upper respiratory perfusion with cigarette smoke. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate, ECG, and respiratory movements were monitored in urethane-anesthetized rabbits. Insertion of two cannulas allowed respiration of room air while passing smoke across the upper respiratory irritant receptors and out through the nares. Through a retroplural incision, the left stellate ganglion was exposed and a cardiac branch isolated. Similarly, a left renal nerve was isolated. Multiunit nerve recordings were obtained from both nerves. In four control animals, cigarette smoke (50 ml) caused apnea, bradycardia (-116 beats/min) and increased BP (33 mmHg). Activity in the renal nerve increased (248% of control [C]) and activity in the cardiac nerve was reduced (62% C). In these animals after Flaxedil and artificial respiration, nerve activity responses were still pronounced (renal, 178% C; cardiac, 66% C). In four other barodenervated animals neural responses to smoke were similar to those observed with baroreceptors intact (renal, 211% C; cardiac, 51% C). In these animals after artificial ventilation and Flaxedil, responses were not significantly changed. These results indicate that smoke stimulation causes a differential pattern of sympathetic discharge. The responses observed cannot be accounted for by secondary adjustments through arterial baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, or pulmonary stretch receptors. PMID- 6614214 TI - Sequence of activation of ventrolateral and dorsal medullary sympathetic neurons. AB - A unique approach to the problem of evaluating potential regions of origin of the cardiac-related component in basal sympathetic nerve discharge (SND) is described in the present investigation. Specifically a comparison was made of the firing times of cat ventrolateral and dorsal medullary neurons with sympathetic nerve related activity. These two medullary regions are known to play a role in the maintenance of blood pressure. Spike-triggered averaging and post-R wave interval analysis were used to identify single medullary neurons with spontaneous discharges temporally related to those in the renal or inferior cardiac sympathetic nerve. The results obtained using a ventricular pacing test previously developed in our laboratory allowed us to classify some of these neurons as elements of networks that control SND (i.e., medullary sympathetic neurons). The test is based on the assumption that brain stem sympathetic neurons should exhibit discharges that remain locked in time to the peak of the cardiac related component of SND during changes in heart rate that shift the phase relations between baroreceptor and sympathetic nerve activity. Electrical stimulation of sites from which the discharges of such units were recorded elicited increases in SND, thus suggesting that these neurons subserved a sympathoexcitatory function. On the average, ventrolateral medullary neurons fired 48 ms later than dorsal medullary neurons during the cardiac-related component in SND. This observation does not support the previous suggestion [R. A. L. Dampney and E. A. Moon. Am. J. Physiol. 239 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 8): H349 H358, 1980] that basal sympathetic tone originates exclusively in circuits of ventrolateral medullary neurons. Possibilities concerning the interconnections of dorsal and ventrolateral medullary neurons involved in maintaining blood pressure are discussed. PMID- 6614215 TI - Components of mucus of terrestrial slugs (Gastropoda). AB - Mucous secretion by the body wall of the terrestrial slugs (Ariolimax columbianus, Arionidae; and other species) was found to involve at least three distinct stages--release of vesicles, formation of granules, and organization of strands. Mucus is stored intracellularly in membrane-bound vesicles, and these are shed intact from the mucous cells. Disruption of the vesicle membrane, with release of contents, can be effected by endogenous lytic agent(s), as well as by exogenous surfactants, lipid solvents, or hypotonic media. Thereupon 1-micron granules are released. These may be stable, or they may change to material that is finely granular or in the form of strands; the transition to strands is facilitated by shear stress exerted through the fluid containing the mucous components. Lectins organize, or are organized with, the strands, as evidenced by agglutination of erythrocytes on them. Mucous formation, as seen in the living slug, differs markedly from the one-step process of exocytosis of fluid mucus inferred from studies of mucous membranes fixed for ultrastructural investigation. PMID- 6614216 TI - Aftermath of a disaster: the collapse of the Hyatt Regency Hotel skywalks. AB - The author provides data regarding psychiatric symptoms reported by 102 persons who had experienced the collapse of two skywalks in the lobby of the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Kansas City, Mo. Those interviewed were injured victims, guests of the hotel who were not injured, and rescue workers. They were interviewed within 5 months of the disaster. Virtually all of the subjects had psychiatric symptoms; only slight differences were found among those who were victims, observers, or rescuers. PMID- 6614217 TI - Obesity and psychoanalysis: treatment and four-year follow-up. AB - Psychoanalysts provided information about 84 obese patients and 63 patients of normal weight at the beginning of this study, 18 months later, and 4 years later. Treatment lasted from 3 to more than 7 years. Although obesity was the chief complaint of only 6% of the obese patients, their weight loss and maintenance of it compared favorably with results reported for other psychological treatments for obesity. Severe body image disparagement was present in 39% of the obese patients at the beginning of treatment but in only 18% at the 4-year follow-up. Most patients improved in their chief complaint and presenting symptoms. The study indicates that large-scale collaborative research in psychoanalysis is feasible. PMID- 6614218 TI - EEG sleep in depressed adolescents. AB - Sleep disturbances, including disturbances in REM sleep, are common among depressed adults; it is unclear if the same is true for depressed adolescents. The authors monitored the sleep of 13 depressed adolescents and 13 normal age matched controls. They found that, as with depressed adults, REM latency was significantly shorter and REM density significantly greater in the depressed group. There was no correlation between reduced REM latency and severity of depression, but there was a significant negative correlation between REM latency and age. PMID- 6614219 TI - In search of the biopsychosocial perspective: an experiment with beginning medical students. AB - The authors assessed the clinical thinking of medical students before, during, and after their first extensive in-hospital learning experience and exposure to physician role models. They found that more than 90% of the students' requests for additional data in response to videotaped simulated patient interviews were for biologic information; approximately 66% of all respondents in six separate trials failed to request a single psychological or social item concerning the patient. The authors discuss the pervasiveness of the biomedical rather than the biopsychosocial mentality and its implications for medical education as well as clinical teaching, decision making, and practice. PMID- 6614220 TI - Depression, delusions, and suicide. AB - A retrospective analysis of all the suicides at the New York State Psychiatric Institute over a 25-year period was carried out. The authors retrospectively assigned diagnoses according to Research Diagnostic Criteria and DSM-III and found that among the patients who committed suicide there were 14 with unipolar endogenous depression. Of those 14 patients, 10 were considered delusional or probably delusional. In comparison, a control group of similarly diagnosed depressed patients taken from the same institution over the same time period included far fewer delusional depressions. Thus, there was a significant association between delusions and suicide: A delusionally depressed patient was five times more likely to commit suicide than a nondelusional one. PMID- 6614222 TI - The inheritance of schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a reanalysis of the Danish adoptee study data. AB - Rosenthal and colleagues earlier compared the frequency of schizophrenia spectrum disorders in two groups of persons adopted in infancy or early childhood: those with a psychotic parent (index group) and those whose biological parents had never had a psychiatric diagnosis or treatment (control group). They found significantly more disorder in the index group. Reanalysis of the original material using DSM-III and stricter exclusionary criteria applied to the parents yielded three times as many schizophrenia spectrum disorders in the index as in the control group. This difference remained statistically significant, supporting the operation of genetic factors in the transmission of the traits comprising the schizophrenic spectrum of disorders. PMID- 6614221 TI - Spontaneous ejaculation associated with anxiety: psychophysiological considerations. AB - The association of anxiety with sexual excitement has been noted since the early part of this century. The authors present case reports of a schizophrenic and a neurotic patient in whom no direct sexual precipitants of spontaneous ejaculation could be identified but in whom severe anxiety was evident. The central noradrenergic neurophysiology that anxiety may share with sexual excitement could provide a basis for spontaneous ejaculation during anxiety. The pharmacology of spontaneous ejaculation during opiate withdrawal is used to elaborate this central noradrenergic model. PMID- 6614223 TI - Resistance to the use of video in individual psychotherapy training. AB - Given some of the unique advantages that videotechnology can afford psychotherapy educators, it is unfortunate that this medium is not more widely used for the training of residents in individual psychodynamic psychotherapy. The author examines some of the major forces that prevent greater acceptance of video by psychotherapy supervisors. Video is presented as a useful addition to more established teaching methods rather than as competitive with them. PMID- 6614224 TI - Posttraumatic stress disorder and concurrent psychiatric illness: a preliminary report. AB - Twenty-five combat veterans hospitalized for treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder were evaluated for the presence of other disorders. Fourteen patients (56%) met operationally defined criteria for one additional diagnosis, five (20%) for two additional diagnoses, and two (8%) for three additional diagnoses. The coexisting syndromes included alcoholism, drug dependence, antisocial personality disorder, somatization disorder, endogenous depression, and organic mental syndrome. The authors caution that neither the stress disorder nor the coexisting syndrome should be considered the primary condition; clinicians should screen patients with stress disorders for other conditions and treat them when possible. PMID- 6614225 TI - Dangerous behavior by Viet Nam veterans with schizophrenia. AB - The military histories of 80 Viet Nam era veterans diagnosed as schizophrenic by DSM-III criteria were examined in relation to measures of dangerous and violent acts. Thirty of the subjects had been in Viet Nam, and 20 of these had been in combat. A stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that high scores on several inpatient and outpatient measures of violence and dangerousness were significantly related to combat experience in Viet Nam and particularly to either killing or witnessing killings of the enemy. It appears that violence-related activities learned in Viet Nam continue to influence the behavior of schizophrenic patients. PMID- 6614226 TI - A clinical report of thymoleptic-responsive atypical paranoid psychoses. AB - The paranoid disorders of five patients remitted after treatment with thymoleptic agents despite the absence of a full affective syndrome. Their clinical symptoms at admission included suspiciousness, hypervigilance, ideas of reference, hostility, belligerence, and delusions of persecution or of infidelity. Some had phasic disturbances with somatic complaints or prominent phobic anxiety symptoms, a family history of affective disorder, or prior responses to thymoleptic drugs. These observations suggest that some patients with paranoid psychosis who do not have a full DSM-III affective syndrome may respond to antidepressant pharmacotherapy alone, i.e., without neuroleptics. Systematic, prospective studies of this phenomenon would help to ascertain diagnostic criteria for such patients and the range of therapeutic responses. PMID- 6614227 TI - Possible reversed affective lateralization in a case of bipolar disorder. AB - A right-handed 42-year-old man with bipolar II disorder according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria was tested during two depressive phases, a hypomanic phase, and after a series of left ECT treatments. While drug free he was given a set of tasks sensitive to asymmetry in hemispheric activation. The results indicated hyperactivation of the right hemisphere during the hypomanic episode and of the left hemisphere during the depressive episodes. After left ECT, the patient evidenced greater symmetry. The authors suggest that this case is an instance of reversed lateralization in the regulation of positive and negative mood states. PMID- 6614228 TI - Unrecognized organic mental disorders in survivors of cardiac arrest. AB - Long-term survivors of cardiac arrest may suffer from mild cerebral impairment manifested primarily by personality changes and behavioral symptoms that can be mistaken for emotional responses to illness. The authors report six cases that illustrate the clinical problem of differentiating depression from organic brain dysfunction in this population. The diagnosis is facilitated by observation over time and by information from the spouse on baseline and current function. Chronicity, dysinhibition, apathy, and disturbances of judgment and insight indicate cerebral dysfunction. The accurate diagnosis of cerebral impairment after cardiac arrest is essential to the rehabilitation process. PMID- 6614229 TI - Mania secondary to left and right hemisphere damage. AB - The authors report on two fully right-handed men without prior psychiatric history who developed mania secondary to vascular lesions of the left and right hemispheres, respectively. One patient, whose left hemisphere lesion produced a transient posterior aphasia, is believed to be the first patient reported in the literature whose secondary mania followed damage to the hemisphere documented to be dominant for both handedness and speech. The authors conclude that it is premature to consider mania to a be syndrome of the nondominant hemisphere. PMID- 6614230 TI - Problems in the diagnosis of intermittent explosive disorder. AB - The authors studied the accuracy with which intermittent explosive disorder was diagnosed in a university hospital setting. An index of diagnostic features abstracted from the description of intermittent explosive disorder in DSM-III was used for chart review. Diagnosis of the disorder was made in 20 out of 830 admissions (2.4%). In 14 cases (1.7%) it was a primary one; in another five (.6%) it was secondary; and in one case (.1%) it was tertiary. The authors discuss the varied rigorousness of the diagnosis and the importance of using an index of diagnostic features to enhance diagnostic accuracy. PMID- 6614231 TI - Characteristics of schizophrenic and depressed patients excluded from clinical research. AB - The process of selecting patients for research studies introduces factors that can bias outcome. The authors compared schizophrenic and depressed patients accepted for studies on their clinical research unit with patients admitted to the hospital with the same diagnoses. They found significant differences between the two groups in age, sex, and legal status. The authors conclude that many research populations may not be representative of general patient populations for a number of reasons and argue that research studies also need to focus on patients who do not meet research ward criteria. PMID- 6614232 TI - Manic-depressive illness among poor urban Hispanics. AB - Manic-depressive illness is reported to occur infrequently among some racial or ethnic groups and among lower socioeconomic groups. The authors investigated the incidence of manic-depressive illness among a random sample of 90 lower socioeconomic Hispanic patients admitted to the psychiatric inpatient unit of an urban hospital. They made a retrospective diagnosis based on DSM-III criteria and independent of the hospital diagnosis. Ten patients (11%) were diagnosed as manic depressive--a rate three times the national admission rate. The authors discuss the significance of this finding and its relationship to sociocultural aspects of the Hispanic patient. PMID- 6614233 TI - New directions and added dimensions in home psychiatric treatment. AB - In addition to preventing or shortening psychiatric hospitalization, home psychiatric treatment allows family collaborative therapy, crisis resolution, therapy for nonresponders to hospitalization, treatment of family members other than the identified patient, work with the entire environment, treatment of patients with both medical and psychiatric disorders, work with the elderly, and educational advantages for medical students and residents. The author believes that home treatment is the treatment of choice in cases where family dynamics have a major role, preserving the patient's autonomy is paramount, and hospitalization would be deleterious. PMID- 6614234 TI - Naloxone administration in obsessive-compulsive disorder: report of two cases. AB - Two patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder experienced an exacerbation of chronic obsessional doubt after double-blind, placebo-controlled administration of naloxone. Endogenous opiates may be involved in the pathogenesis of this symptom. PMID- 6614235 TI - Clinical importance of age at first drink in a group of young men. AB - A survey of 1,012 university men aged 21 to 25 years revealed that age at first drink varied inversely with alcohol consumption and frequency of drinking, incidence of alcohol-related problems, and incidence of drug use and associated problems. PMID- 6614236 TI - Extroversion and neuroticism in young men at higher or lower risk for alcoholism. AB - The Eysenck Personality Inventory extroversion and neuroticism scores of 32 nonalcoholic young men with an alcoholic close relative and of controls were not significantly different. This implies that these personality attributes are not related to a predisposition to alcoholism. PMID- 6614237 TI - Case report of cardiovascular abnormalities in anorexia nervosa. AB - The authors report the case of a young woman with anorexia nervosa who had a profound bradyarrhythmia and coagulopathy. They present guidelines for medical evaluation of all patients with anorexia nervosa and criteria for hospitalization. PMID- 6614238 TI - Case report of carpal tunnel syndrome associated with tranylcypromine. AB - A man who developed carpal tunnel syndrome while taking tranylcypromine was treated with 300 mg/day of pyridoxine, which resulted in significant improvement. The authors discuss the two major mechanisms by which monoamine oxidase inhibitors can inactivate pyridoxine. PMID- 6614239 TI - Platelet MAO activity and the dexamethasone suppression test in depressed patients. AB - Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and postdexamethasone cortisol levels were determined in 26 depressed patients. The incidence of cortisol nonsuppression and the mean postdexamethasone cortisol levels were significantly higher in patients with high MAO activity than in those with low MAO activity. PMID- 6614241 TI - Case report of a potential interaction between clonidine and electroconvulsive therapy. AB - In a depressed man who was receiving clonidine, several ECT sessions failed to produce seizures. The author reviews clonidine's effect on noradrenergic activity, which mediates seizures induced by a wide variety of stimuli. PMID- 6614240 TI - Delayed gastric emptying and improvement with domperidone in a patient with anorexia nervosa. AB - A woman with anorexia nervosa who displayed severe bloating after eating was treated with domperidone, a novel compound with prokinetic properties. Both subjective ratings of satiety and assessment of gastric emptying documented improvement. PMID- 6614242 TI - L-thyroxine for rapid-cycling bipolar illness. PMID- 6614243 TI - Dental fracture during ECT. PMID- 6614245 TI - Delirium associated with lithium and thioridazine. PMID- 6614244 TI - Myalgia associated with trazodone. PMID- 6614246 TI - Possible correlation of stress and DST performance. PMID- 6614247 TI - Alerting psychiatrists to dystonia. PMID- 6614248 TI - Preventive effect of strict handgun control laws on suicide rates. PMID- 6614249 TI - Dexamethasone suppression test in agoraphobia. PMID- 6614250 TI - MAOIs, anorgasmia, and weight gain. PMID- 6614251 TI - Abnormal DST results in patients with chronic schizophrenia. PMID- 6614252 TI - Light as a treatment for nonseasonal depression? PMID- 6614253 TI - On the Amish study. PMID- 6614254 TI - Radio in the treatment of auditory hallucinations. PMID- 6614255 TI - Questioning the validity of "familial" versus "sporadic" schizophrenia. PMID- 6614256 TI - The sex of the psychotherapist. PMID- 6614257 TI - Is Hwa-Byung really Gahsum-Ari, and is it culture-bound? PMID- 6614258 TI - On sex and the psychiatric patient. PMID- 6614259 TI - Psychiatric problems in neurologic patients. PMID- 6614260 TI - Use of stimulants for alcoholic patients with attention deficit disorder. PMID- 6614261 TI - Methylphenidate for depression. PMID- 6614262 TI - Disputing preliminary findings on methylphenidate-desipramine responses. PMID- 6614263 TI - On psychological hypochondriasis. PMID- 6614264 TI - MAOI-induced inhibited female orgasm. PMID- 6614265 TI - Feature-positive effect in adults and attention to portion of stimulus array. AB - In three experiments, adult humans were tested in a feature-positive or feature negative simultaneous symbol task. In Experiment 1, some persons focused on the correct side of the stimulus cards, whereas other persons focused on the not correct side of the stimulus cards. The feature-positive group learned faster than the feature-negative group did in the correct side condition; the feature negative group learned faster than the feature-positive group did in the not correct side condition. In Experiments 2 and 3, all persons focused on both the correct and not-correct sides of the stimulus cards. Under these circumstances, feature-positive and feature-negative performances were comparable. These results indicated that the usual superiority of feature-positive over feature-negative learning results from a tendency to attend to only a portion of the stimulus array. PMID- 6614266 TI - Processing of occurrence-rate and item information by children of different ages and abilities. AB - Two experiments compare the performance of children who vary in both age and learning ability. In the first experiment, learning disabled and nondisabled children from three age groups were tested for their incidental memory for frequency of occurrence information. In the second experiment, learning disabled and nondisabled children from two age groups were tested for their intentional memory of item information on a free recall test. In agreement with the notion that frequency is automatically encoded, all groups extracted frequency information and neither age nor learning ability influenced performance. However, both age and ability influenced performance on the recall test. PMID- 6614267 TI - The effect of motivation and word characteristics on recognition. AB - Two tachistoscopic studies assessed the effects of motivation on high-speed word processing. Study 1 assessed the effect of anxiety and Study 2 the effect of hunger compared to satiation. Words differed in interletter associative frequency (generated value), Thorndike-Lorge word frequency, and categories. In both studies, all three word variables yielded significant main effects. Motivational relevance of words did not significantly alter word recognition, the food words being most readily recognized and negatively emotional words least readily recognized in both studies. Anxiety did not have a significant effect, but hunger in interaction with word characteristics was found to be facilitating. Contrary to Hullian theory regarding word dominance and drive interaction and to Broadbent's "filtering" hypothesis, hunger in comparison to satiation increasingly facilitated word recognition the more infrequent the words and the more rare were the interletter associations. PMID- 6614268 TI - Smoking, alcohol and reproduction. PMID- 6614269 TI - Morbidity and mortality from diabetes mellitus: a look at preventable aspects. PMID- 6614270 TI - Adoption: a public health perspective. PMID- 6614271 TI - The association of alcohol consumption with outcome of pregnancy. AB - Patterns of alcohol consumption were assessed in 12,440 pregnant women interviewed at the time of delivery. Only 92 women (0.7 per cent) reported drinking 14 or more drinks per week, with most consuming fewer than 21 drinks per week. In the crude data, alcohol intake of 14 or more drinks per week was associated with a variety of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including low birthweight, gestational age under 37 weeks, stillbirth, and placenta abruptio. After use of logistic regression to control for confounding by demographic characteristics, smoking, parity and obstetric history, only the association of placenta abruptio with alcohol consumption of 14 or more drinks per week remained statistically significant. With the exception of placenta abruptio, alcohol intake of fewer than 14 drinks per week was not associated with and increased risk of any adverse outcome. No association was seen with congenital malformations at any level of alcohol intake. PMID- 6614272 TI - An assessment of the Environmental Protection Agency's asbestos hazard evaluation algorithm. AB - We performed an exploratory evaluation of the Environmental Protection Agency's algorithm for assessment of risk of exposure to asbestos in buildings. Observers scored five sites using the algorithm. One group (N = 23) conducted their assessments relying only on written instructions, while another (N = 20) was trained in the use of the algorithm. Five professional industrial hygienists, experienced in risk assessment, also used the algorithm on the same sites. A wide range of highly variable results, for both untrained and trained observers coupled with poor comparability with expert's scores raise concern as to the reliability of this assessment tool. The development of a valid and reliable "lay" index of risk is still needed. PMID- 6614273 TI - Serologic investigation of an outbreak of hepatitis A in a rural day-care center. AB - We studied an outbreak of hepatitis A in a day-care center in a rural community where less than 7 per cent of the population possessed anti-HAV. Serotesting for IgM specific antibody to hepatitis A virus identified 78 cases in center attendees, staff, and families. Thirty-five per cent of the center children were seropositive. In children under age three anicteric infection was at least 17 times more frequent than icteric infection, but in older children and adults icterus was a predominant manifestation of the disease. Clinical suspicion should be high in any day-care child with nausea, emesis, diarrhea, or arthralgia. The low incidence of icterus in infected children suggested that outbreak reports reaching public health departments are likely to be incomplete and poorly indicative of outbreak magnitude. The high frequency of intrafamilial transmission and anicteric infection appeared to justify administration of immune serum globulin to household contacts of center children under age three when a day-care outbreak is detected. PMID- 6614274 TI - Perinatal characteristics of newborns relinquished at birth. AB - Demographic, perinatal, and newborn characteristics of single mothers relinquishing their newborns for adoption (N = 111) were compared with randomly selected and matched groups of mothers keeping their infants. Relinquishing mothers were younger, more apt to be Caucasian, Catholic, primiparous, and economically independent of government assistance, less likely to plan their pregnancies, and later starting prenatal care. In general, their pregnancies and infants were at no higher neonatal risk than those of other single mothers. PMID- 6614275 TI - Dental caries prevalence in children with a diet free of refined sugar. AB - A study of the caries and dental hygiene status of 73 children living in the Synanon community revealed a mean DMF-S score at 0.53 for the 5-10 year old group and 3.33 for the 11-17 year old group. In spite of poor oral hygiene, 53 per cent of the children were caries-free and none of the children was missing permanent teeth. The children had consumed a diet free of refined carbohydrates for five years and had received optimal fluoride supplementation since birth or joining Synanon. PMID- 6614276 TI - The prevalence and incidence of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in an urban Black population. AB - We determined the prevalence and incidence of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) in an urban Black population in Baltimore, identifying three cases through review of computerized outpatient encounters and a fourth case by reviewing discharge records at area hospitals. The prevalence of JRA among Blacks, as of December 31, 1980, was estimated as 0.26 per 1,000 (95 per cent confidence interval: 0.07, 0.66), the average annual incidence 6.6 per 100,000 per year (0.8, 23.8) for the years 1979 and 1980. These data suggest that Black race is not associated with significantly increased risk of development of JRA. PMID- 6614277 TI - Validation of self-reported smoking behavior: biochemical analyses of cotinine and thiocyanate. AB - Biochemical determinations of plasma and salivary cotinine and thiocyanate were used to differentiate smokers from non-smokers and to follow daily smoking patterns in smokers. Results indicate that cotinine is better suited than thiocyanate to determine smoking status in large scale epidemiologic studies and to follow alterations in smoking behavior over periods of time. Salivary cotinine is a reliable alternative to plasma for validation of smoking status and for following changes in daily smoking patterns. PMID- 6614278 TI - The variability of blood pressure measurements in children. AB - This study examined the sources and amount of variation present in the blood pressures of 99 third grade children, using data collected from three repeated measurements made on three separate visits. The results highlight factors to consider when planning or evaluating studies designed to relate children's blood pressure levels to environmental conditions. Factors include variability both between and within children by visit and between observers; periodic restandardization of observers during the course of a study is desirable. PMID- 6614279 TI - The effect of the dental setting on blood pressure measurement. AB - Hypertension screening is a common activity in dental offices. However, this setting may elevate blood pressure, resulting in excessive patient concern and referrals. To experimentally test this question, blood pressure was measured in 60 subjects in a dental setting and a medical setting. Systolic and diastolic pressure differences were small but significantly higher (4.5 mmHg and 5.5 mmHg, respectively) in the dental setting. PMID- 6614280 TI - Reproductive health of working women. PMID- 6614281 TI - Illness severity, death, and hospital cost comparisons. PMID- 6614282 TI - On the cost of repealing motorcycle helmet laws. PMID- 6614283 TI - On newborn sickle cell screening in NYC. PMID- 6614284 TI - On emphysema among cotton textile workers. PMID- 6614285 TI - Closed versus open partial meniscectomy: postoperative changes in the force velocity relationship of muscle. PMID- 6614286 TI - Musculoskeletal injuries in theatrical dance students. AB - Three hundred and fifty-two injuries in 185 theatrical dance students at the North Carolina School of the Arts were diagnosed and treated from September 1981 through May 1982, the most recent academic year. The total number of dancers enrolled in the school was 218; thus, 84.9% of the dance students were evaluated for an injury by a physician, with 87.8% of the injuries sustained during dance. Approximately one-fourth of the dance-related injuries involved the foot or ankle. The injuries were usually not severe, and proved amenable to treatment by conservative measures. PMID- 6614287 TI - Acute posterolateral rotatory instability of the knee. PMID- 6614288 TI - Dismounts in gymnastics: should scoring be reevaluated? AB - Eleven high school and college gymnasts who sustained 12 major knee injuries were surveyed. Seven were injured as the result of dismounts from the beam of the uneven bar. Five of the seven used a twist in the maneuver. Present dismounts scoring constitutes a significant amount of the total score of a gymnastic routine. We question the need to reevaluate gymnastic scoring to encourage less difficult dismounts in an attempt to reduce the number of significant knee injuries. PMID- 6614289 TI - The medial patellar plica syndrome. AB - A retrospective review of all patients diagnosed at arthroscopy as having a medial patellar plica with no other intraarticular pathology was conducted. Characteristic clinical findings, including pseudolocking, were identified. The clinical response of 68 patients (78 knees) to shelf resection was noted at 3 and 6 months. The 6-month review demonstrated 60% to be totally relieved of their preoperative pain and 31% with occasional discomfort, but capable of full activities. Three patients were graded with poor results (4%) due to limitations in their work and sports, and four patients were lost to followup. The overall good and excellent results totalled 91%. No surgical complications, infections, or wound dehiscences were noted. PMID- 6614290 TI - Plantar fascia release for chronic plantar fasciitis in runners. AB - Plantar fascia release has been suggested to be of benefit for patients with symptoms of chronic unresponsive plantar fasciitis. However, results of this procedure have not been published. We performed 11 releases in 9 long-distance runners whose symptoms had been present for an average of 20 months and had not responded to nonsurgical treatment. The results of these operations were excellent in 10 feet and good in 1 foot at an average follow-up time of 25 months. Eight out of nine patients returned to desired full training at an average time of 4.5 months. Histologic examination of surgical biopsy specimens from these patients showed collagen necrosis, angiofibroblastic hyperplasia, chondroid metaplasia, and matrix calcification. Plantar fascia release was an effective procedure for these patients. PMID- 6614291 TI - The measurement of dynamic compartment pressure during exercise. AB - Anterior tibial compartment pressures have been examined during exercise in nine healthy university students. Six male and three female subjects weighing 140 to 160 pounds and between 18 and 25 years of age were tested. A slit catheter was introduced into the muscle belly of the subjects' right anterior tibial compartment and dynamic compartment pressures measured using an F.M. telemetry system. Subjects were exercised on a treadmill at speeds from 1 to 6 mph and the variations in compartment pressure during one exercise cycle (one stride length) and over the course of the exercise period examined. Results have shown that both average and peak to peak pressures measured during exercise are much higher than those recorded at rest, and compartment pressures rose with increasing speed. PMID- 6614292 TI - Unusual nerve injuries in recreational activities. PMID- 6614293 TI - Medial collateral ligament replacement with a partially absorbable tissue scaffold. AB - The medial collateral ligaments and medial capsular structures of canines were resected and replaced with a carbon fiber-polylactic acid polymer tissue scaffold or allowed simply to "scar-in." After 4, 8, 12, and 26 weeks in vivo, the stability of the knees was quantitatively evaluated and the mechanical properties of the regrown structures determined. Histological sections of the regrown structures were examined after 26 weeks in vivo. At all time periods, the knees receiving tissue scaffold ligaments were significantly more stable than those knees allowed to stabilize with scar tissue. Initial strength, rapid ingrowth, and benign tissue reaction suggest this new composite material may be useful in the treatment of joint instability. PMID- 6614294 TI - Hand and forearm strength and its relation to tennis. AB - Eight expert tennis players and 12 nontennis playing controls were studied to determine the relationship between dominant and minor extremities in regard to hand and forearm isometric strength. The results revealed that overall strength, including wrist extension, was significantly greater (P 0.01) in the dominant arm in both groups. The tennis players were distinguished from the controls by significantly increased strength of metacarpophalangeal joint extension of the fingers on the dominant side. Examination of a group of 16 "tennis elbow" sufferers demonstrated no significant extensor strength differential in the dominant arm, with no reports of pain during the testing procedure. The increased strength of hand extension in elite tennis players may be significant in explaining the observed rarity of "tennis elbow" in these individuals. PMID- 6614295 TI - Reconstruction procedures for anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency: a computer analysis of clinical results. AB - A pre- and postoperative study of 205 patients who had surgical reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the knee was evaluated with the use of a prototype computer program. An average followup of 4.1 years revealed a 27% improvement in subjective complaints and a 8% improvement in objective findings. The anterior drawer test was improved 25% and subluxation of the lateral tibial plateau (ALRI) was improved 118% correlating highly (P less than 0.001) with a good result. Seventy-four percent of patients had undergone medial meniscectomy, 58% lateral meniscectomy, and 41% had both menisci removed at followup after reconstruction. Ninety-two percent of the 121 patients responding to a final subjective complaint evaluation felt that their knee was significantly improved (average 6.1 years after reconstruction). The computer demonstrated a wide variation in the results of reconstruction within the intraarticular, extraarticular, and combined groups. The addition of associated procedures to the main reconstructive procedure significantly affected the results. This study reveals improvement of subjective complaints and objective findings after reconstructing the anterior cruciate ligament and proposes the use of computer analysis for specific evaluation of different procedures. PMID- 6614296 TI - Effects of warming up, massage, and stretching on range of motion and muscle strength in the lower extremity. AB - The effects of general warming up, massage, and stretching on ranges of motion (ROM) and strength of quadriceps and hamstring muscles were measured in eight male volunteers. Thigh muscle strength was not influenced by the experimental procedures. Stretching resulted in a significantly increased range of hip flexion/extension, hip abduction, knee flexion, and ankle dorsiflexion; the effect was significantly greater than that obtained by massage and warming up separately or combined. Only ankle dorsiflexion was influenced by massage or warming up, whereas stretching affected all muscle groups tested. Stretching was, therefore, superior to the other methods tested for increasing flexibility in the lower extremity. PMID- 6614297 TI - Arthroscopic meniscectomy: a follow-up report. AB - Eighty patients who underwent arthroscopic meniscectomy were interviewed and examined 12 to 24 months postoperatively. Twenty-seven (34%) of the patients rated their knees as normal, and 46 (58%) of the patients rated their knees as improved. Seventy-nine percent of the patients were pain free at the time of followup. Patients with poor results were likely to have significant degenerative disease or instability. Sixty-five percent of the patients returned to their original sport. Factors limiting patients' return to sports after meniscectomy included instability, patellofemoral disease, and degenerative arthritis. PMID- 6614298 TI - Functional performance of the knee after intraarticular anesthesia. AB - Ten healthy young volunteers underwent gait analysis and tests of knee joint position sense. Gait analysis included determination of stride characteristics (velocity, cadence, gait cycle, stride length, and single limb support time), force plate analysis, and motion analysis of the knee. The tests of joint position sense examined the ability of the subject to reproduce passive positioning of the knee and the ability to detect change in angle at the knee joint. In a double-blind manner, 10 cc of sterile fluid were injected into the left knee of each volunteer. Five received 2% lidocaine, the other five received sterile saline. All tests were then repeated. No statistically significant difference was observed in any measurement before and after injection in either test group. It is concluded that intraarticular anesthesia has no effect on gait pattern or joint proprioception as measured. Intraarticular local anesthesia is used in sports medicine to alleviate pain during arthroscopy of the knee under local anesthetic. The possibility of permitting damage in the early postoperative period due to loss of joint position sense is addressed in this paper. The results of this study suggest that injection of local anesthetic into a joint with an intact joint capsule does not compromise joint position sense as measured in this study. Furthermore, no change in gait parameters was observed in the functional task of ambulation. It must be noted that no conclusions regarding the loss of pain sensation can be made from the results of this study. Also, no conclusions regarding competitive activity can be drawn from this study. PMID- 6614299 TI - Impacted third molars: a contributing factor in mandibular fractures in contact sports. AB - Studies have shown that the presence of impacted third molars places the mandible at increased risk for fracture. Individuals participating in high contact sports are subject to maxillofacial trauma; therefore, participants with impacted third molars are at increased risk for fractured mandibles. Three cases are reviewed to illustrate this problem. PMID- 6614300 TI - Knife blade in the knee joint: a complication of arthroscopic surgery. A case report. PMID- 6614301 TI - The athletic polydrug abuse phenomenon. A case report. AB - A case of a power weight lifter who is ingesting large doses of anabolic steroids plus other drugs to counteract their short-term side effects is presented. This type of polydrug abuse phenomenon which is unique to the competitive athlete is widespread despite the lack of convincing evidence that anabolic steroids increase muscular strength. The vast extent of this drug abuse problem is poorly appreciated by the general medical community. The potential complications of the long-term usage of these drugs such as liver failure, hepatocellular carcinoma, and peliosis hepatitis make these drugs extremely dangerous. PMID- 6614302 TI - Muscle innervation and the Hoffman reflex. PMID- 6614303 TI - The effect of primary-school quality on academic achievement across twenty-nine high- and low-income countries. PMID- 6614304 TI - Social psychological variables and their relevance to the status attainment of teenagers. PMID- 6614305 TI - Racial insurgency, the state, and welfare expansion: a critical comment and reanalysis. PMID- 6614306 TI - Malignant melanoma of soft parts. A reassessment of clear cell sarcoma. AB - A retrospective study of 141 cases of clear cell sarcoma of tendons and aponeuroses revealed that the tumor occurred predominantly in young patients between 15 and 35 years of age, was slightly more common in female than in male patients, and originated chiefly from tendons, aponeuroses, and fascial structures of the extremities with a predilection for the feet and knees. The tumor presented as an insidiously growing mass causing pain or tenderness in slightly more than half of the patients. The preoperative duration of symptoms varied greatly, and in 29 cases the time interval between discovery of the tumor and operation exceeded 5 years. Microscopically, the tumors varied little in appearance and were composed of short fascicles of fusiform cells with a clear to granular eosinophilic cytoplasm, vesicular nuclei with prominent nucleoli, and occasional multinucleated giant cells. Melanin was demonstrated in 72% of the 92 tumors in which the Fontana or Warthin-Starry preparation for melanin was performed. S-100 protein, a neuroectodermal marker, was positive in 13 of 19 cases. Follow-up information was available in 115 patients. Thirty-four (29.6%) were alive and well with no evidence of recurrence. Twenty-four (20.9%) patients were alive with one or two recurrences, three (2.6%) were alive following pulmonary lobectomy for metastatic sarcoma, and one was alive with metastasis in the thoracic spine. Fifty-three of the 115 patients with follow-up information had died, 50 from metastatic tumor and three from miscellaneous causes. The prevailing sites of metastasis were the lung and the regional lymph nodes. The exact histogenesis remains obscure, but the presence of intracellular melanin in two-thirds of the cases supports origin from migrated neural crest cells with the capacity for producing melanin. For this reason the term, malignant melanoma of soft parts, seems preferable over the purely descriptive term of clear cell sarcoma. PMID- 6614307 TI - Optically clear nuclei. An alteration of endometrial epithelium in the presence of trophoblast. AB - Examples of focal clearing of endometrial epithelial nuclei associated with the presence of trophoblastic tissue have been observed recently in our surgical pathology laboratories. These nuclear alterations were initially observed in endometria from first- and second-trimester spontaneous abortions, term pregnancies, and a uterus harboring choriocarcinoma. Subsequently, an identical change was seen in small foci of endometriosis removed during postpartum tubal ligation. The prominent vacuolated appearance to the nuclei resembled, in some cases, the inclusions seen in herpesvirus infection, but electron-microscopic study showed that the nuclear clearing was due to replacement of normal chromatin by a network of fine filamentous material rather than herpesvirus DNA. A subsequent review of 200 consecutive first-trimester abortions found less striking degrees of this change in 7% of cases. The endometrial nuclear clearing was focal; often the endometrium also contained cells which demonstrated the Arias-Stella reaction. The etiology of this type of nuclear clearing is not known, but the fibrils may represent a thread-like substructure of normal chromatin which forms as a result of hormonal stimulation of endometrial epithelial cells. PMID- 6614308 TI - Systemic mastocytosis. Extracutaneous manifestations. AB - The clinical, radiologic, ultrastructural, and histopathologic findings in 14 patients with systemic mastocytosis were evaluated. Seven patients had evidence of urticaria pigmentosa (UP) and seven patients presented with no recognizable cutaneous lesions. There were no major clinical differences between patients with or without UP except for splenomegaly, which was present in one/seven patients with UP and five/seven patients without UP and the median age, 44 in patients with UP, and 75 in patients without UP. Bone marrow involvement was present in 13/13 specimens studied. Involvement was both focal and diffuse. The focal involvement occurred frequently in a perivascular and paratrabecular location. The diffuse involvement resembled myelofibrosis. Involved lymph nodes exhibited prominent sinusoidal and paracortical infiltration by mast cells. Splenic involvement was characterized by fibrosis occurring both focally and diffusely. The focal splenic involvement was perivascular and involved both the red and white pulp in a nonpreferential manner. Liver specimens showed prominent portal fibrosis. The morphology of the mast cells in the different lesions varied considerably; some were typical, others were spindle-shaped, and some resembled histocytes. The mast cells reacted positively with toluidine blue and chloroacetate esterase. Six patients had radiologic changes: three were osteoblastic, two osteolytic, and one osteoblastic and osteolytic. Two patients developed a poorly differentiated lymphoreticular tumor and one a myeloproliferative disorder after the diagnosis of mastocytosis. PMID- 6614309 TI - Pathologic findings in allergic aspergillus sinusitis. A newly recognized form of sinusitis. AB - The pathologic findings are described in seven cases of allergic aspergillus sinusitis, a newly recognized form of sinusitis. Grossly, the sinuses are filled with firm, white-tan mucoid material. Microscopically this material consists of mucin-containing numerous eosinophils, sloughed respiratory epithelial cells, cellular debris, Charcot-Leyden crystals, and scattered fungal hyphae resembling aspergillus species. This histologic appearance is identical to mucoid impaction occurring in bronchi in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Allergic aspergillus sinusitis and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis may represent different manifestations of aspergillus hypersensitivity in the respiratory tract. Implications for treatment of allergic aspergillus sinusitis and a possible relationship between it and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis are discussed. PMID- 6614310 TI - Myxoid variant of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. AB - We describe two cases of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans that were entirely myxoid when excised initially. The tumors had the following distinctive histologic features: 1) a monotonously haphazard arrangement of spindle-shaped and stellate tumor cells; 2) little variation in cellularity from field to field; 3) pale basophilic to clear stroma containing hyaluronic acid; 4) minimal cytologic pleomorphism and a low mitotic rate; 5) a dispersed, nonpatterned vasculature; 6) eccrine structures and fat cells trapped and surrounded by tumor tissue; and 7) areas where spindled cells had a parallel arrangement evocative of neurofibroma. A cutaneous tumor with the foregoing features should be carefully examined for subtle, radial arrangements of tumor cells and a tentacular or course, web-like infiltration of any attached fat. Use of the foregoing criteria will allow distinction between myxoid dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and other myxoid tumors of the skin. PMID- 6614311 TI - Tumefactive fibro-inflammatory lesions of the head and neck. AB - Seven patients had tumefactive inflammatory fibrous lesions of the head similar in histologic appearance to Riedel's thyroiditis, sclerosing mediastinitis, and retroperitoneal fibrosis. Five patients were females, and the mean age at presentation was 48 years. Four patients presented clinically with a mass. Histologically, these lesions were characterized by an admixture of mature fibrous tissue and an inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes and scattered polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Initially, all patients had been treated surgically. Two patients received radiation therapy when recurrent disease could not be controlled surgically. Five of the six patients on whom follow-up information was available were alive at follow-up that ranged from 14 to 49 months (mean 29). These lesions are distinct histologically from desmoid tumors, fibromatoses, and nodular fasciitis. The spectrum of fibrosclerosing lesions (Riedel's thyroiditis, idiopathic mediastinal fibrosis, retroperitoneal fibrosis, and sclerosing cholangitis) probably includes this group of tumefactive inflammatory fibrous lesions of the head. PMID- 6614312 TI - Bilateral destructive synovitis associated with alpha mannosidase deficiency. AB - A 13-year-old female with biochemically proven alpha mannosidase deficiency (mannosidosis) developed a bilateral destructive synovitis of the ankle region, a hitherto unreported complication of this disease. Clinically, it was believed to be a pigmented villonodular synovitis. Histologically, the synovium was thrown into villous folds and was infiltrated with clear histiocytes having rare collections of PAS-positive, diastase-resistant material. Electron microscopy demonstrated numerous membrane bound vacuoles filled with granular, amorphous material. This lesion can be distinguished from pigmented villonodular synovitis by its bilaterally symmetrical distribution, the monomorphic population of cells, and the presence of material having the histochemical and ultrastructural properties of (neutral) oligosaccharides. PMID- 6614313 TI - Polypoid squamous carcinoma of the esophagus. A case report with immunostaining for keratin. AB - Polypoid carcinoma of the esophagus is a rare variant of squamous carcinoma, which occurs typically in elderly patients who present with symptoms of dysphagia. This tumor has been given a variety of names, including spindle cell carcinoma, carcinosarcoma, and pseudosarcoma. These designations reflect the controversy surrounding the nature of the spindle cell component of this lesion. We have studied a case of polypoid carcinoma of the esophagus with immunoperoxidase staining for keratin which has been shown to be specific for epithelial cells. Positive staining for keratin was demonstrated in both the carcinomatous and spindle cell "sarcomatous" appearing components of the tumor, supporting the contention that this tumor is of entirely epithelial origin. PMID- 6614314 TI - Malarial pigment and hepatic anthracosis. PMID- 6614315 TI - Inhibitory effect of cimetidine on liver regeneration after two-thirds hepatectomy in rats. AB - The effects of cimetidine on the regenerating liver were studied in rats after they had two-thirds hepatectomy. In Group I, standard two-thirds hepatectomy was performed. In Group II, cimetidine in a dose of 40 mg/kg was given intramuscularly immediately and 24 and 48 hours after two-thirds hepatectomy. In Group III, the same amount of cimetidine was given after a sham operation. Mortality rate, liver weight restoration, mitotic activities of remnant livers, and serum levels of aminotransferases and albumin were examined from 24 hours to 14 days after operation. The mortality rate was 11.1 percent in Group II, whereas no rats in Groups I and III died. Although there were no differences in the residual liver weights among the hepatectomized groups, treatment with cimetidine induced substantial suppression and delay of liver cell division. The serum aminotransferase levels in Group II increased significantly after hepatectomy compared with the levels in Group I. The albumin synthesis remained suppressed in Group II. Light microscopy showed prolonged liver steatosis and marked dilatation of the sinusoidal space in that group. Our results may indicate that cimetidine has an inhibitory effect on liver regeneration and that it should be administered very carefully after extensive hepatic resection if applied as prophylaxis for the life-threatening complication, stress ulcer syndrome. Otherwise, antacid therapy or other trials should be carried out. PMID- 6614316 TI - Contribution of the arterial blood ketone body ratio to elevate plasma amino acids in hepatic encephalopathy of surgical patients. AB - To clarify the role of hepatic metabolic derangements in elevated plasma amino acid levels, the patterns of plasma amino acids in 17 surgical patients with hepatic failure were analyzed in relation to the blood ketone body ratio (acetoacetate to beta-hydroxybutyrate), which reflects the mitochondrial redox potential. The blood ketone body ratios were 0.49 in eight alert patients with hepatic failure and 0.28 in nine patients with grade IV hepatic coma, compared with values of 0.79 to 6.42 in patients with healthy livers. The plasma concentrations of alanine, proline, phenylalanine, and tyrosine were negatively correlated with the blood ketone body ratio. Elevations of alanine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and glutamate were greater in comatose patients than in alert patients. Also, the molar ratios between the plasma concentrations of the branched-chain amino acid and the aromatic amino acids were positively correlated with the blood ketone body ratio (r = 0.78, p less than 0.0001). We suggest that a reduced mitochondrial redox potential, coupled with enhanced muscle breakdown, results in inhibition in the entrance of the amino acids into the Krebs' cycle and then the characteristic changes in the free amino acid patterns which result in hepatic coma. PMID- 6614317 TI - Surgical management of gallstones in cirrhotic patients. AB - Among the cirrhotic patients admitted to our department, 64 (17 percent) were found to have cholelithiasis. In 14 patients (22 percent), cholelithiasis caused cholecystitis, obstructive jaundice, or biliary pain. These 14 patients were operated on and underwent cholecystectomy. There was one postoperative complication (gastrointestinal bleeding from esophageal varices) and one death (due to acute respiratory failure). In 50 patients (78 percent) cholelithiasis was asymptomatic. Ten of the 50 patients died from liver failure and the stones were discovered at necropsy. Seven of the patients had radiographically demonstrated stones that were not operated on. They are alive at the present time, more than 2 years later. In the remaining 33 patients, the stones were discovered during portasystemic shunt procedures. In these patients, cholelithiasis was systematically treated by cholecystectomy (8 patients) or cholecystolithotomy (25 patients). Postoperative mortality and morbidity rates were not different in these 33 patients when compared with the rates in 170 patients who underwent portal surgery alone during the same period. Our results confirm the high incidence of cholelithiasis in cirrhotic patients. Complications of gallstones are not frequent but require an emergency operation that carries a high risk in these patients. On the other hand, elective surgical treatment of asymptomatic cholelithiasis at the time of portal diversion does not bear any peculiar risk. In such a situation, cholecystolithotomy is easier and probably safer than cholecystectomy. PMID- 6614318 TI - Gallstone ileus: a diagnostic problem. AB - A retrospective review of 24 patients with gallstone ileus from our institutions during the period from 1947 through 1981 has been presented. The study was undertaken in an attempt to refine the diagnosis and treatment of this rare entity. The patients ranged in age from 58 to 84 years, and 19 patients were women. The correct preoperative diagnosis was made in 74 percent of the patients using various combinations of clinical history, plain film roentgenograms, and barium contrast upper gastrointestinal series. After an average preoperative hospital stay of 4.5 days, 23 patients required operation. Wound infection developed in nine patients and resulted in wound dehiscence in two. There were four deaths in the patients over 73 years of age (p less than 0.01). Age was the only factor found to correlate with mortality. PMID- 6614319 TI - Abnormal drainage of the biliary tree after relief of long-standing extrahepatic biliary obstruction. AB - To assess the progress of pathologic changes of the biliary tree and particularly their role on biliary drainage after the relief of long-standing extrahepatic biliary obstruction, 100 patients with postcholecystectomy choledocholithiasis who underwent choledochoduodenostomy as a supplementary procedure to choledochotomy were assessed by use of barium meal follow-through studies at different postoperative intervals. Patients were divided into two groups (50 patients each). Group A included patients over 50 years of age with a history of symptoms for more than 10 years. The additional criterion used for these patients was the finding of a common bile duct dilatation greater than 3 cm. In contrast, Group B included patients under the age of 50 years with a comparatively shorter history of symptoms (that is, less than 10 years) and with a common bile duct dilatation less than 3 cm. Results revealed that a major proportion of patients in the first group had no effective decompression of their ductal systems and that there existed a feature of biliary stasis associated with a higher incidence of both bile infection and pathologic changes of the biliary tree. PMID- 6614320 TI - Extent of choledochoscopic utilization in common bile duct exploration. AB - Various reports have demonstrated that the intraoperative utilization of the choledochoscope has significantly reduced the incidence of unsuspected retained common duct stones from approximately 10 percent to 0 to 2 percent. Our series revealed a 4 percent incidence of retained stones before choledochoscopy was utilized. This incidence was reduced to 1.1 percent after it was employed. Since the availability of the choledochoscope is unknown, all hospitals in Alabama with 60 or more beds (total of 86) were surveyed to determine the rate of choledochoscopic utilization. Although this instrument was noted to be readily available in many of those institutions with greater than 150 beds (47 percent), only 25 (29 percent) of all the hospitals surveyed had the choledochoscope. Furthermore, only 17 (20 percent) of all hospitals used the instrument routinely for common duct exploration. Although the rate of retained common bile duct stones in Alabama is unknown, it is probably similar to the 10 percent average reported. Consequently, it is believed that wider acceptance of the choledochoscope will reduce the incidence and associated morbidity of retained common bile duct stones. PMID- 6614321 TI - The stomach after cholecystectomy. AB - Removal of the gallbladder results in an accelerated enterohepatic circulation of bile salts. It has been suggested that reflux of bile into the stomach after cholecystectomy may predispose a patient to the development of gastric lesions. To examine this hypothesis, 349 patients with endoscopically proved gastric ulcers or mucosal lesions were age and sex matched with 349 patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms who had normal endoscopic findings. The frequency of cholecystectomy was determined to be 4.3 percent in the gastric ulcer group (control 3.7 percent) and 3.8 percent in the mucosal lesions group (control 4.2 percent). There was no statistical difference between patients with gastric ulcer and the control subjects, mucosal lesions and controls in the frequency of cholecystectomy using individually matched case-control comparison. The relative risk for gastric ulcer-matched control comparison was 1.3 (95 percent confidence limit 0.3 to 6.3). The relative risk for mucosal lesion-matched control comparison was 0.85 (95 percent confidence limit 0.2 to 2.9). The data did not support the hypothesis that cholecystectomy increases the propensity to develop gastric lesions. PMID- 6614322 TI - Treatment of metabolic alkalosis with intravenous infusion of concentrated hydrochloric acid. AB - A concentrated hydrochloric acid (1 N) infusion was utilized for treatment on 35 occasions of metabolic alkalosis in 24 patients. The amount of hydrochloric acid to be infused was calculated from total base excess. To avoid over-correction, two thirds of the calculated dosage of hydrochloric acid only was infused. 1 N hydrochloric acid solution was infused at a speed of 1 mEq/min through a roentgenographically confirmed central venous line. Metabolic alkalosis was successfully treated in all instances without any complication. However, increased respiratory stimulation was not demonstrated in these observations. Concentrated hydrochloric acid infusion is a safe, reliable, and effective method of rapid correction of metabolic alkalosis. Because only small volumes are needed, this method is especially useful when fluid intake must be restricted. PMID- 6614323 TI - Surgical treatment of anorectal melanomas. AB - Thirty cases of anorectal melanoma have been recorded in Israel from 1960 to 1981. The frequency of the disease doubled in the last decade (from 10 to 20 cases). A clear predominance has been noted among Jews of European descent (18 patients) as opposed to Sephardic Jews (9 patients) or Arabs (3 patients). From this series, the emerging conclusion is that in most cases radical surgery (abdominoperineal resection) is seldom indicated. It is doubtful whether this form of treatment increases the survival while affecting considerably the quality of life. Survival correlated well with the stage of disease at the time of diagnosis. No such correlation could be established with the type of treatment employed. PMID- 6614324 TI - Changes in hospital costs for an appendectomy: 1955, 1965, and 1975. AB - A reduction in the number of postoperative bed days for patients who underwent appendectomy led to a study of changes in hospital costs of appendectomies for the years 1955, and 1965, and 1975. No significant changes were found in the total hospital costs. However, the postoperative costs decreased by 36 percent from 1955 to 1975 due to a decrease in the mean duration of hospital stay. During the same period of time, the perioperative costs increased by (table; see text) 90 percent due to increased length of operation time correlated with an increasing proportion of inexperienced operating surgeons. At present, there seem to be few possible ways to increase the cost efficiency of treating appendicitis. PMID- 6614325 TI - Metronidazole and ticarcillin in the prevention of sepsis after appendicectomy. AB - Ticarcillin was compared with metronidazole in the prevention of wound infection after appendicectomy. Two hundred nine patients with a diagnosis of acute appendicitis were admitted to a prospective, randomized study and received 500 mg of metronidazole or 5 g of ticarcillin intravenously before operation. Those patients with gangrenous or perforated appendices received two additional doses of the trial drug at 8 hourly intervals. The overall incidence of wound infections in both the metronidazole and the ticarcillin groups was 9 percent. There were no intraabdominal abscesses. Metronidazole abolished anaerobic wound infections. All the early wound infections (between 2 and 4 days after operation) occurred in patients with gangrenous or perforated appendices. We conclude that ticarcillin is as effective as metronidazole in the prevention of wound infection after appendicectomy, but in high-risk patients, (those with gangrenous or perforated appendices) longer courses of antibiotics should be employed. PMID- 6614326 TI - Surgical treatment of thyroid carcinoma in a defined population: 1960 to 1977. Evaluation of the results after a conservative surgical approach. AB - Ninety patients from a demographically well-defined area of, on an average, 243,000 inhabitants were surgically treated for thyroid carcinoma during an 18 year period. Sixty-five of the patients had papillary carcinoma, 20 follicular carcinoma, 4 medullary carcinoma, and 1 anaplastic carcinoma. Seventy-eight patients were operated on for cure, and among them, 23 had total thyroidectomy and 55 partial thyroidectomy. Additional therapy with thyroxine was given to all patients postoperatively. None of the patients treated for cure died from thyroid carcinoma at follow-up 2 to 20 years after diagnosis. One of 42 patients (2.4 percent) primarily treated for cure with lobectomy for papillary carcinoma had local recurrence in the thyroid bed which was excised successfully. No patient treated for cure of follicular carcinoma had local recurrence. All verified recurrences except one were diagnosed within 5 years of primary operation. We conclude that local recurrence after procedures less than total thyroidectomy that are considered to be curative is unusual provided that thyroxine is given postoperatively. Thus it seems that the reported high rates of microscopic carcinoma in the contralateral lobe in patients with unilateral cancer have little clinical significance. A conservative approach in most patients with localized thyroid carcinoma is indicated because it reduces the risk of postoperative complications. PMID- 6614327 TI - Polytetrafluoroethylene grafts in the peripheral venous circulation of rabbits. AB - We demonstrated by venography that the patency of 3 mm PTFE grafts in the jugular veins of rabbits could be maintained by pretreating the animals with either an anticoagulant (warfarin sodium) or an antiplatelet agent (aspirin, dipyridamole, or both). Examination of the lining of the grafts up to 4 months after grafting by scanning electron microscopy or light microscopy showed that endothelial cells extended across the anastomosis for a short distance and that a neointima lined the remainder of the graft. This lining could hypertrophy to the point of almost occluding the graft unless the drugs were continued. PMID- 6614328 TI - Primary hyperparathyroidism in the seventies. A decade of change? AB - In an effort to identify new trends in the presentation and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism, 66 patients treated since 1975 were compared with 100 patients diagnosed and treated from 1948 to 1970. Despite widespread use of multichannel analyzers, the late patients had an insignificant increase in diagnosis while asymptomatic (18 percent versus 9 percent in the early group). Hypertension was the most common presenting complaint in patients seen since 1975, compared with renal disease in patients seen before 1970. Findings of diffuse hyperplasia were more common in the late patients (17 percent versus 3 percent in the early patients). There were no differences in rates of operative complications or persistent postoperative hypercalcemia. In the late series of patients persistent hypercalcemia after surgery for hyperplasia was due to inadequate resection of parathyroid tissue. In the adenoma patients, failure to locate the abnormal parathyroid gland was the cause of operative failure. PMID- 6614329 TI - Oriental infestational cholangitis. AB - One hundred forty-one patients with non-neoplastic cholangitis in Southwest Korea were analyzed for etiologic factors, pathologic changes, and clinical management in an effort to understand the clinicopathologic course of this disease. Our study supports the concept of infestational cholangitis. A staging system for this disease process has been proposed. The limited value of choledocholithotomy and choledochostomy in the more advanced stages of the disease process has been documented, suggesting the need for more effective internal biliary drainage when irreversible changes have occurred. PMID- 6614330 TI - Technique for inguinal hernia repair in the elderly patient. AB - A technique for the repair of inguinal hernias in elderly patients with weak abdominal muscles has been presented. It consists of the overlapping of the flaps of the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle according to the method previously proposed by Andrews. To date, the technique has given good results, even in very old patients, with almost completely atrophied muscles. PMID- 6614331 TI - Surgical management of an epidemic of penile amputations in Siam. AB - Thailand recently experienced an epidemic of penile amputations. These were usually performed by angry wives on philandering husbands. This outbreak appeared to have been fueled by graphic press reports and fortunately seems to have abated. A technique for reanastomosis of the amputated penile segment was first described by McRoberts et al [5] in 1968. It was modified further so that it can be performed in any general hospital with an acceptable result. Experience with this procedure in 18 patients has been described. PMID- 6614332 TI - Method for biopsy of the wall of a thyroid cyst. AB - Cystic thyroid lesions can arise from benign and malignant or potentially malignant thyroid tumors that have undergone cystic degeneration. In this paper we described a method for biopsing the wall of these cystic lesions to help determine the underlying pathologic abnormality that leads to cyst formation. Initial results have shown that most cysts arise from benign thyroid disease. Twenty five percent of the cysts, however, did arise from degeneration of thyroid adenomas. PMID- 6614333 TI - Another use of the shunt in vascular surgery. AB - The Pruitt-Inahara shunt has been used selectively in difficult arterial reconstructions of the leg. The special situations when use of the shunt may be helpful have been enumerated herein. Lack of complications in the use of the shunt, easy workability, and direct visualization of the endarterectomized plaque are the attractive features of this device. PMID- 6614334 TI - Modified Hartmann procedure in emergency sigmoid colectomy. AB - A new technique has been added to the Hartmann procedure to suture the rectal stump to the presacral fascia using black silk sutures at the time of the initial resection and closure of rectal stump. This will prevent contraction of the rectal stump behind the bladder or vagina deep in the pelvis and makes reanastomosis of the proximal colon to the rectal stump very easy. Also discussed are the advantages of the modified Hartmann procedure in cases of emergency sigmoid colectomy as opposed to the conventional three stage procedure. PMID- 6614335 TI - Technique to facilitate low colorectal anastomosis. AB - A technique for elevating the rectal cuff and simplifying the construction of a low anastomosis is described. The proximal part of the stump is split into two longitudinal flaps and then easily pulled upward during the insertion of the sutures. Stitches are tied and step by step transverse division of the rectum performed. PMID- 6614336 TI - Suppression of the shunt and esophageal transection. A new technique for the treatment of disabling postshunt encephalopathy. AB - A new surgical procedure was developed for the treatment of disabling postshunt encephalopathy. This procedure consists of an esophageal transection with esophagogastric devascularization, followed by suppression of the shunt. Suppression of the shunt is performed postoperatively using external maneuvers. In the four patients treated, suppression of the shunt led to disappearance of the clinical manifestations of encephalopathy in three and to a significant improvement in one. Providing that the shunt is side-to-side, this new treatment would allow a dramatic improvement in the small number of patients in whom severe encephalopathy develops after portosystemic shunting. PMID- 6614337 TI - A technique for gastrostomy. AB - A technique for gastrostomy has been described which includes circumferential, staggered interrupted sutures and an omental seal. The technique minimizes gastric necrosis and intraperitoneal leaks. PMID- 6614338 TI - Continuous direct tissue oxygen tension measurement by a new method using an implantable silastic tonometer and oxygen polarography. AB - A new method of tissue oxygen tension measurement that is suitable for human use has been described. An implanted Silastic tube tonometer is combined with polarographic oxygen electrodes. The techniques of preparation, insertion, and measurement have been described. The advantages and disadvantages of this method have been considered in relation to established methods of tissue oxygen tension measurement. The method is suitable for clinical use and can be used to aid clinical decision-making. PMID- 6614339 TI - Idiopathic localized bile duct strictures: relationship to primary sclerosing cholangitis. AB - Two patients have been described who presented with localized hilar bile duct strictures initially diagnosed as cholangiocarcinoma. Resection of the strictures showed benign disease. The subsequent development of further independent benign strictures was consistent with sclerosing cholangitis. Problems in diagnosis and management of this form of primary sclerosing cholangitis have been discussed. PMID- 6614340 TI - Management of vascular soft tissue neoplasms using transcatheter embolization and surgical excision. AB - Preoperative embolization of highly vascular soft tissue tumors was performed in four patients. Selective catheterization of branch vessels supplying the tumors successfully avoided inadvertent embolization of adjacent normal tissue. Operative blood loss was significantly less than anticipated, permitting an easier, more precise, and quicker operation. Two of the lesions were benign intramuscular hemangiomas; one was a fibrosarcoma, and one, a malignant schwannoma. Three tumors were resected completely. A small portion of one hemangioma could not be removed. All patients were free of recurrence during follow-up periods of 6 to 14 months. PMID- 6614341 TI - Failure of splenic implants to protect against fatal postsplenectomy infection. AB - Overwhelming postsplenectomy infection is not a phenomenon confined to children. In all age groups, splenic trauma that requires surgery should be managed by splenorrhaphy if possible. Autoimplantation of splenic fragments into omental pockets has been performed in the few patients we have seen who required splenectomy. A case has been presented in which these small implants failed to protect a 61 year old woman from the development of fatal pneumococcal sepsis. The patient had received a pneumococcal vaccination, and her implants had shown activity on radionuclide scanning. Concerns about critical splenic mass, blood supply to the implant, and hepatic function require further study before this technique can be considered efficacious. PMID- 6614342 TI - Crucial issues concerning associated operation in the patient with cirrhosis. PMID- 6614343 TI - Shunt obliteration for chronic encephalopathy? . . . Definitely! Esophageal transection? . . . A note of caution. PMID- 6614344 TI - [Primary procedures in resuscitation and intensive care of infants born in the state of asphyxia]. PMID- 6614345 TI - [Comparative evaluation of various indicators of statistical and mathematical analyses of cardiac rhythm in prenatal diagnosis of chronic fetal distress]. PMID- 6614346 TI - [Rheological and coagulative properties of fetal blood]. PMID- 6614347 TI - [Energy and ion mechanisms of the plasma membranes of the fetal brain neurons]. PMID- 6614348 TI - [Characteristics of the electroencephalograms in spastic conditions in newborn infants]. PMID- 6614349 TI - [Functional state of the fetus during labor with the use of spasmoanalgesic and tranquilizing agents]. PMID- 6614350 TI - [Sensitization of the leukocytes of newborn infants with placental antigens]. PMID- 6614351 TI - [Phase structure of the mechanical activity of the left ventricle in healthy newborn infants with placental transfusion of varying duration]. PMID- 6614352 TI - [Role of the somatotropic activity of the adenohypophysis and the epiphysis in the development of large fetuses]. PMID- 6614353 TI - [Morphological characteristics of the cranial vault in newborn infants]. PMID- 6614354 TI - [Determination of immunoglobulins and leukocytic interferon in pregnant women with pyelonephritis for prognostic evaluation of the immunologic activity in newborn infants]. PMID- 6614355 TI - [Aggregative properties of the erythrocytes and blood platelets in parturients after cesarean sections]. PMID- 6614356 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis during the treatment of lactation mastitis]. PMID- 6614357 TI - [Method of determination of the diuretic function of the fetus and its characteristics in late pregnancy toxemia]. PMID- 6614358 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of missed abortion]. PMID- 6614359 TI - [Drug therapy of arterial hypertension in pregnancy]. PMID- 6614360 TI - [Role of hemodynamic disorders of the lesser circulation in the pathogenesis of external respiratory insufficiency in late pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 6614361 TI - [Functional state of the kidneys in late pregnancy toxemia]. PMID- 6614362 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygenation in the prevention and treatment of late pregnancy toxemias and feto-placental insufficiency]. PMID- 6614363 TI - [Acupuncture as a method of preparing women with late pregnancy toxemia for labor]. PMID- 6614364 TI - [Cranio-cerebral hypothermia in the complex treatment of severe late pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 6614365 TI - [Medical rehabilitation of women who had undergone late pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 6614366 TI - [Immunoglobulins and serum albumin in pregnant women]. PMID- 6614367 TI - [Myasthenia gravis and pregnancy]. PMID- 6614368 TI - [Complications of pregnancy and labor in gestational pyelonephritis]. PMID- 6614369 TI - [Value of the study of the system of hemostasis in the early diagnosis of puerperal septic diseases]. PMID- 6614370 TI - [Varicose veins in pregnancy]. PMID- 6614371 TI - [Antibody-coated bacteria in the urine of pregnant women]. PMID- 6614372 TI - [Hemorrhagic fever with nephrotic syndrome in pregnancy]. PMID- 6614373 TI - [Self-retaining ureteral catheter (stent) in the treatment of acute gestational pyelonephritis]. PMID- 6614374 TI - [Pyelonephritis in pregnancy]. PMID- 6614375 TI - A new kind of medicine. PMID- 6614376 TI - Mitral valve prolapse: oophorectomy and schizoaffective psychosis. PMID- 6614377 TI - A family/systems view of the nuclear predicament. PMID- 6614378 TI - Correction: medical pathology conference on abnormal CT scan of the head. PMID- 6614379 TI - The Washington scene who has the crystal ball? PMID- 6614380 TI - Update on cataract surgery and intraocular lenses. PMID- 6614381 TI - The impact of computed tomography on ophthalmology. PMID- 6614382 TI - The impact of demographic trends on hospital surgical care. PMID- 6614383 TI - Medical pathology conference. Young woman with acute heart failure. PMID- 6614384 TI - Paroxysmal motor dysfunction. PMID- 6614385 TI - Painful left upper quadrant mass in a 34-year-old female. PMID- 6614386 TI - Clinical manifestations and sequential computed tomography scans of cerebral cysticercosis in childhood. AB - Cerebral cysticercosis was studied in 131 children. The patients were divided into two groups, confirmed and probable cysticercosis. The clinical picture may be divided into two stages: initial stage of acute invasion and chronic encephalitic stage. Symptoms in the initial stage are headache, vomiting, fever, myalgia, abdominal pain, seizures and psychotic reactions. In the initial stage only cerebral edema can be seen in the computed tomography (CT) scan. In the chronic stage, variability of symptomatology is great, and it is in this phase that cysticerci can be seen in the CT scan. Only 66 out of the 131 patients studied had CT performed. The computed tomographic sequence of parenchymatous brain cysticercosis is described. A feature not previously reported was the presence of transient arterial hypertension due to cerebral cysticercosis found in four cases. PMID- 6614387 TI - Development of responses by facial expressions and eye movements in neonates and young infants. AB - Eye movements and facial expressions were assessed in 177 normal neonates and infants under 150 days of age after the examiner gazed into their eyes for 20 seconds. Blinking to a threatening stimulus and turning of the eyes towards a red object near the examiner's face were tested. The eye movements abruptly changed from fine nystagmoid movements to distinct rolling movements suggesting observation of the examiner's face after 70-80 days of age. Rapid turning of the eyes towards the red object also appeared from the same age, while blinking developed gradually after 40 days of age. Most infants under 80-90 days of age knitted their brows and showed esophoria in response to the examiner's face or facial movements, but such responses gradually disappeared after 90 days of age when social smiles developed. Eye movements and facial expressions during early infancy are very informative in developmental evaluations. PMID- 6614388 TI - Postural effects on behavioral states of newborn infants--a sleep polygraphic study. AB - Physiological and behavioral correlates of neonates in the supine and prone positions were examined. Polygrams were recorded in 10 newborn infants in the prone and supine positions. Newborn infants slept more in the prone position than in the supine, and quiet sleep was significantly more in the prone position. Gross movement, jerky movement and twitch movement were less in the prone than the supine position. There was no difference in localized movement or tremor-like movement in the two positions. Respiration was more regular in the prone than the supine position. Sleep apnea (greater than or equal to 6 seconds) was less in the prone position. The pulse rate during quiet sleep was higher in the prone position. PMID- 6614389 TI - Lissencephaly: two distinct clinico-pathological types. AB - The present study is a review of four new cases of lissencephaly and two others previously reported. This study demonstrates that lissencephaly is a gross feature of the brain occurring in two different groups of cortical malformations. The first group, the classic agyria syndrome extensively analyzed by Jellinger and Rett [8] includes two types of abnormal cortical organization. They may be found in familial syndromes and also can appear sporadically. The second group includes smooth brains with the internal features of polymicrogyria and a more severely disorganized cortex. This type appears in familial lissencephaly in the cerebro-oculo-muscular syndrome, belonging to the same group as Fukuyama congenital-cerebro-muscular dystrophy. The other incidences of this type of cortical malformation require further investigation. The clinico-pathological differential diagnosis of two types of lissencephaly are also discussed. PMID- 6614390 TI - Follow-up study of children with cerebral coordination disturbance (CCD, Vojta). AB - 713 children (from newborn to 12-month-old) with delayed motor development were carefully examined and classified into normal, very light cerebral coordination disturbance (CCD, Vojta), light CCD, moderate CCD, severe CCD, suspected cerebral palsy (CP) and other diseases at their first visit, and were followed up carefully. Finally, 89.0% of very light CCD, 71.4% of light CCD, 56.0% of moderate CCD and 30.0% of severe CCD developed into normal. 59.5% of moderate CCD and 45.5% of severe CCD among children who were given Vojta's physiotherapy developed into normal. The classification of cases with delayed motor development into very light, light, moderate and severe CCD based on the extent of abnormality in their postural reflexes is useful and well correlated with their prognosis. Treatment by Vojta's method seems to be efficient and helpful for young children with delayed motor development. PMID- 6614391 TI - Neurological and neuropathological findings in familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. AB - An infant case of erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is reported. The disease began at the age of two months with hepatosplenomegaly and intractable fever, and later developed pancytopenia. Splenectomy had to be performed at the age of six months and led to the final diagnosis. After the age of nine months the patient developed progressive neurological signs (loss of visual function convulsions, opisthotonus and CSF pleocytosis). The changes in the CT-scan of the brain were explained by the neuropathologic findings after the death of the patient at the age of 13 months. The markedly atrophic brain showed diffuse and mainly perivascular infiltration of brain and meninges with lympho- and histiocytes and extensive microscopic calcification. PMID- 6614392 TI - Abstracts from the Fifth Conference on Febrile Convulsions, Tokyo, December 18, 1982. PMID- 6614393 TI - Hemoglobin SO Arab and hemoglobin CO Arab diseases. Clinical and laboratory study. AB - A nine-year-old black female who had been considered to have Hb SC disease was admitted with pain of the leg, neck, and upper chest. She had also been hospitalized approximately 20 times for treatment of recurrent pain. Further investigation by citrate agar gel electrophoresis and peptide mapping disclosed that the child had Hb SO Arab disease. She had mild hepatosplenomegaly and the hemoglobin concentration was 10.2 gm/dl. The clinical presentation of Hb SO Arab disease of our patient resembled that of Hb SD disease and was more severe than is Hb SC disease. The mother was found to have Hb O Arab trait. Two of the patient's siblings from a different father were found to have Hb CO Arab disease, an extremely rare condition. These children, 8 and 12 years old, are clinically asymptomatic. Clinical and laboratory data are presented. PMID- 6614394 TI - Inhibition of normal human granulopoiesis by neuroblastoma cells. AB - In vitro inhibition of marrow granulopoiesis was produced by a well-characterized human neuroblastoma cell line (CHP 134). A standard double layer, semi-solid agar system was employed in the experiments. The inhibition was present whether the neuroblastoma cells were mixed with the marrow cells or whether they were separated in a contiguous agar layer. Irradiation of the neuroblastoma cells lessened the inhibitory effect but did not eradicate it. Medium conditioned by the neuroblastoma cells had a mild, but not statistically significant, suppressive effect upon granulopoiesis. Additional studies to define the precise mechanism of suppression are underway. PMID- 6614395 TI - Ferrokinetic and hematologic studies in cystic fibrosis patients. AB - We investigated 28 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients to determine why hypoxia from their obstructive pulmonary disease does not produce polycythemia. Oxygen saturation was lower and erythropoietin levels were higher in CF patients than in 25 age-comparable reference subjects (90.8% and 47 mimu vs. 94.7% and 29 mimu, p less than 0.01). Hematocrit and red blood cell (RBC) indices were not different between groups. Serum vitamin and iron levels, ferrokinetics, RBC volume, and RBC survival were studied in 10 of the 28 CF patients. Total iron-binding capacity and vitamin E levels were low, and serum iron, ferritin, vitamin B12, and folate levels were normal in these patients. Red blood cell survival was minimally decreased in six patients although there was no other evidence for hemolysis. Ferrokinetics (59Fe) indicated a reduction in total erythropoiesis in only two patients. Plasma volume was high-normal in five and above normal in four CF patients; RBC mass was increased appropriately for each patient's degree of hypoxia, when compared to healthy individuals living at different altitudes. These results suggest that CF patients are able to compensate for hypoxia by increasing RBC mass; however, an expanded plasma volume prevents a detectable rise in hematocrit. PMID- 6614396 TI - Reversible myelofibrosis in an infant with rickets. PMID- 6614397 TI - Neuroblastoma, tuberous sclerosis, and subependymal giant cell astrocytoma. AB - A patient with Stage III paratesticular neuroblastoma diagnosed in infancy was treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Typical depigmented "ash leaf" skin lesions of tuberous sclerosis appeared during early childhood. At 7 years of age he underwent craniotomy for a subependymal giant cell astrocytoma. The occurrence of neuroblastoma, tuberous sclerosis, and astrocytoma is unique, and supports the suggested relationship between neural crest tumors and hamartoma syndromes. PMID- 6614398 TI - University of Alaska, Anchorage-section of high latitude study, and the Mt. Mckinley Project (1981-82-83). PMID- 6614399 TI - Summary of treatment of the cold injured patient. Hypothermia. PMID- 6614400 TI - Summary of treatment of the cold injured patient. Frostbite. PMID- 6614401 TI - The anaerobic threshold in clinical medicine: its background, determination and application (the first of two parts). PMID- 6614402 TI - Myths of mid-winter depression. PMID- 6614403 TI - Sleep laboratory at Providence hospital. The first 21 months. PMID- 6614404 TI - Cold water near drowning and hypothermia. PMID- 6614405 TI - A new disease: a nasal form of pigeon breeder's disease. AB - In 47 allergic rhinitis patients regularly exposed to pigeons, nasal provocation tests with pigeon dropping extracts, in combination with other parameters, were performed. Twenty-five of the 47 patients developed a late nasal response (LNR) to pigeon droppings (53%), six of them an isolated response and 19 a dual response (immediate + late). The precipitating antibodies to pigeon droppings were positive in 20 (80%) and to pigeon serum in nine LNR patients (36%). Late skin responses to pigeon droppings occurred in 15 (60%) and to pigeon serum in seven LNR patients (28%). In 13 patients (52%) general malaise, in seven (28%) increased blood eosinophilia, in nine (36%) increased body temperature and in 11 (44%) haemorrhages in the nasal mucosa were observed during the LNR. The results of this study provide evidence for the existence of a new disease, a nasal form of pigeon breeder's disease. PMID- 6614406 TI - Development of asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis by the age of five years. A prospective study of 543 newborns. AB - 543 children were followed up from birth to 5 years of age. Children with a positive history of parents' atopy had a 51% occurrence of respiratory or dermal symptoms of atopy vs. a 19% occurrence among children with no family history of atopy. There was an association between asthma and allergic rhinitis while atopic dermatitis occurred equally in children with or without respiratory symptoms. The clinical course of atopic symptoms could not be correlated to the family history of atopy. The significance of date of birth, nasal eosinophilia and serum IgE levels seemed to be relatively low in atopic dermatitis while these parameters had a correlation to the development of respiratory atopies. PMID- 6614407 TI - Birch pollen-related food hypersensitivity: influence of total and specific IgE levels. A multicenter study. AB - Total IgE, RAST results with tree pollen allergens, and prick test results with birch, grass and mugwort pollen allergens were correlated to 872 hay fever patients' reported food hypersensitivity (FH). A positive correlation was found between FH and the RAST and prick test results with birch pollen allergen. At each level of birch pollen sensitivity the incidence of FH was lower in patients with high total IgE than in those with lower total IgE. A negative correlation was found between grass pollen allergy and FH in birch pollen allergics. It is suggested that antigens in some foods have a specific ability to bridge anti birch IgE molecules on mast cells. An explanation of the negative correlation between FH and total IgE and grass pollen allergy could be that a high number of non-birch-specific IgE molecules on the mast cells will reduce the probability that two anti-birch IgE molecules should bind on nearby sites. PMID- 6614408 TI - Comparison of a new lancet and a hypodermic needle for skin prick testing. AB - Skin prick tests with a standard allergen panel were carried out in duplicate (one on each arm) on all patients referred to an allergy out-patient clinic. A new lancet with 1-mm point length and a disposable hypodermic needle were used. Patients were randomized to lancet-needle, lancet-lancet, or needle-needle, and the skin prick tests were done by experienced or inexperienced nurses. The mean of the biggest and smallest diameters was used as a measure of the size of the wheal. Skin reactions from a total of 142 patients were included. For both lancet and needle a significant difference was noted when comparing experienced versus inexperienced investigators' reproducibility expressed as coefficient of variation. There was no significant difference in reproducibility when comparing lancet and needle results, and no significant difference in wheal size when comparing with histamine references. Surprisingly, the reactions on left arms were generally larger than those on right arms. PMID- 6614409 TI - Anaphylactic shock due to ingestion of psyllium laxative. AB - Psyllium, seed of Plantago ovata, is a major constituent of several bulk laxatives. There are several reports on its role as an occupational respiratory allergen. We describe a severe anaphylactic reaction caused by ingestion of psyllium laxative. The hypersensitivity to Plantago ovata was confirmed by skin testing and RAST. The possibility of hypersensitivity reaction to psyllium laxatives should be recognized and included in marketing information. PMID- 6614410 TI - [Efficacy of cimetidine in the prevention of aspiration pneumonia in paediatric anaesthesia]. AB - In a prospective controlled study 63% of 150 children without prophylaxis were at risk of aspiration pneumonia in case of aspiration or regurgitation. In a second trial 10 mg/kg cimetidine orally 120 to 180 minutes prior to induction of anaesthesia proved to be a very effective prophylaxis. In small children up to 15 kg rectal application of 40 mg/kg cimetidine was even more effective than 10 mg/kg orally in reducing gastric volume. Premedication with cimetidine may be a practicable method for reducing the risk of aspiration pneumonia in paediatric anaesthesia. PMID- 6614412 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of mexiletine and lidocaine in coronary surgery patients]. AB - In two groups of 10 coronary bypass patients during the postoperative phase a comparison was carried out of the haemodynamic effects of mexiletine and lidocaine in order to evaluate mexiletine's applicability as an antiarrhythmic in intensive care patients. With mexiletine cardiac effort (CE) fell by 6%, total peripheral resistance (TPR) fell by 11%, while CO increased by 8%. With lidocaine CE and TPR remained unchanged, CO dropped by 4%. Mexiletine seems to be applicable in intensive care without hazards to circulation. PMID- 6614413 TI - [Coagulation disorders in acute cranio-cerebral injuries]. AB - Marked coagulation defects which have a very high mortality rate can arise following acute head injury. Damage to brain tissue leads to the release of substances promoting coagulation which can enter the vascular system and activate the enzyme cascade leading to clot formation. The more widespread cerebral damage is, the greater is the likelihood of clinically relevant DIC occurring. By carrying out clotting tests and taking therapeutic measures where necessary, a potentially lethal outcome can be avoided. PMID- 6614411 TI - [Combination of local anesthesia and intubation anesthesia in ophthalmic surgery a gentle anesthetic technic for high risk patients]. AB - Local analgesia has its definite place in ophthalmic surgery, but is restricted to short-term procedures. Major surgery involving longer periods of manipulation, especially of the retina and vitreous body, usually require general anaesthesia. These patients, predominantly elderly and of reduced general health, are at risk especially during the postoperative period. Regaining consciousness and protective reflexes quickly is essential in this group. To reduce the dosage of potent general anaesthetics in a pilot study a special risk group received a combination of retrobulbar local analgesia and light general anaesthesia. It was found that with optimal local blockade of pain conduction, general anaesthetics could be reduced as compared to a control group receiving general anaesthesia alone. The special advantage of this combined anaesthetic technique became evident during the postoperative period, since foreshortened recovery of consciousness, complete orientation as to time and space allowed referral to the ward at an early date. Particularly advantageous in these patients at risk was the prolongation of analgesia in the operated eye well into the postoperative period. PMID- 6614414 TI - [Intensive care treatment as remembered by traumatological and surgical patients]. PMID- 6614415 TI - [Is the demand for a preoperative routine examination program justified?]. AB - In a retrospective study with 136, 943 general and regional anaesthesias we demonstrated that the frequency of intraoperative cardiovascular complications is directly connected to the quality of preoperative examination and therapy proceedings. In addition to a careful preoperative clinical examination, a routine examination programme (REP) therefore should be carried out which determines relevant functional disorders of the essential organs and which gives the essential condition for an optimal preparation for surgery. PMID- 6614416 TI - [Use of oral morphine in incurable pain]. AB - Oral morphine sulphate is the strong narcotic of choice at most hospices. Administered in simple aqueous solution (e.g. 10 mg in 10 ml). No advantage in giving as "Brompton Cocktail." Usual starting dose 10 mg every 4 h. If patient has previously only had a weak narcotic analgesic, 5 mg may be adequate. If changing to morphine from alternative strong narcotic, such as dextromoramide, levorphanol, methadone, a considerably higher dose may be needed. With frail elderly patients, it may be wise to start on sub-optimal dose in order to reduce likelihood of initial drowsiness and unsteadiness. Adjust upwards after first dose if not more effective than previous medication. Adjust after 24 h "if pain not 90% controlled." Most patients are satisfactorily controlled on dose of between 5 and 30 mg 4 hourly; however, some patients need higher doses, occasionally up to 500 mg. Giving a larger dose at bedtime (1,5 or 2 x daytime dose) may enable a patient to go through the night without waking in pain. Use co analgesic medication as appropriate. Eigher prescribe an antiemetic concurrently or supply (in anticipation) for regular use should nausea or vomiting develop. Prescribe laxative. Adjust dose according to response. Suppositories may be necessary. Unless carefully monitored, constipation may be more difficult to control than the pain. Write out regimen in detail with times to be taken, names of drugs and amounts to be taken. Warn patient of possibility of initial drowsiness. Arrange for close liaison and follow up. PMID- 6614417 TI - [Peridural morphine analgesia: effects and pharmacokinetics. A double-blind study in vaginal hysterectomy patients]. AB - In a controlled prospective double-blind-study we were able to show that the analgesic duration of epidurally applied morphine is more than four fold longer lasting than intravenous morphine. We found similar pharmacokinetics in both groups, suggesting a rapid absorption of epidurally applied morphine into the vascular system. The identical pharmacokinetics of intravenous and epidurally applied morphine suggest that only small amounts of morphine diffuse across the dura to the spinal cord, where it produces a long lasting analgesia at the opiate receptors. The comparison of serum morphine levels in patients who reported a very short lasting and very long lasting analgesia gave us no pharmacokinetic explanation for this difference. PMID- 6614418 TI - [Peridural opiate analgesia. Clinical results of a 2-year study]. AB - Postoperative pain relief, consumption of analgesics and the incidence of postoperative complications were investigated in a retrospective cohort-study on 470 patients following abdominal surgery. 221 of these patients received epidural morphine or buprenorphine for postoperative pain relief (Group I). Another group of 249 patients received conventional opiate analgesics intravenously or intramuscularly (Group II). On average the analgesia lasted 14 h after epidural morphine and 11 h after epidural buprenorphine. The overall amount of morphine in the postoperative period was 13.3 +/- 14.9 mg and 0.89 +/- 0.55 mg buprenorphine respectively. 5 cases of pneumonia (2.3%) were seen in the epidural group (Group I). 22 pneumonia cases (8.8%) were registered in the group with conventional analgesics (Group II). Besides the advantage of stronger and longer duration, small dosage and minor central depressive side effects, epidural opiate analgesia has proven to result in positive clinical consequences. The low incidence of postoperative pneumonia is due to the strong regional pain relief, which improves mechanical pulmonary function and gas exchange. PMID- 6614419 TI - [Premedication with flunitrazepam, lormetazepam or pethidine-promethazine. Psychometric study of subjective conditions]. AB - In the course of a clinical study oral administration of two different diazepine derivatives as well as i.m. injection of pethidine and promethazine have been explored with a view to their anxiolytic, sedating and hypnotic action. The study involved 128 patients, randomized into four groups. Group 1 received flunitrazepam 1,5-2 mg p.o. only the evening before operation to group 2 flunitrazepam 1,5-2 p.o. was administered the evening before and the morning of the operation, group 3 were given lormetazepam 2-2,5 mg p.o. at the same time as group 2, in group 4 nitrazepam, 5 mg p.o. the evening before operation and pethidine, 50-100 mg combined with promethazine, 25 mg was given i.m. 60 min before surgery. In group 1 anxiolytic and sedating effect of flunitrazepam were not persistent enough to provide the patient with adequate premedication until the onset of surgery. Intensive sedation and fatigue as well as minimum recollection were observed under medication 2, however, increase in anxiety and depression as well as deterioration of mood were not prevented. Under medication 3 patients felt less exhausted and fatigued than under medication 2, but likewise anxiety and depression increased in the course of the operating day. Group 4 emerged as the last effective premedication both with regard to sleep during the previous night and the conditions of the day of the operation itself. PMID- 6614420 TI - [Disposition of fentanyl in human blood]. AB - Plasma protein binding and uptake of fentanyl by erythrocytes was studied in a group of 30 healthy patients of both sexes (aged 4-84 years), undergoing orthopaedic or minor surgical operations. Using equilibrium dialysis (24 h, 37 degrees C, phosphate buffer pH 7.4 containing fentanyl 5 ng/ml) the protein bound fraction was found to be 72.4% +/- 7.9 (mean +/- standard deviation). Proteins in the plasma of children or elderly patients bound to a slightly higher degree as compared with the group of medium age, while no differences between sexes were observed. The addition of various intravenous anaesthetic drugs in a therapeutic concentration range did not alter plasma protein binding seriously. There seems to be a correlation between fentanyl plasma protein binding and the plasma content of acid alpha-1-glycoproteins. Human erythrocytes were found to equilibrate very rapidly with plasma fentanyl, the partition coefficient being almost unity. Distribution into the red cells was not influenced by adding intravenous anaesthetics or plasma expanders to the blood samples, nor was it altered by changes of pH or temperature. Storage of fentanyl did not modify erythrocyte morphology even at high concentrations, as indicated by normal MCV or MCHC. Fentanyl was found not to be metabolized in human whole blood, haemolysate or plasma. The activity of serum enzymes commonly used in routine diagnosis was not influenced by fentanyl concentrations in a range up to 1,000 ng/ml. PMID- 6614421 TI - [Intramuscular ketamine analgesia in emergency patients. I. Clinico- pharmacokinetic study]. AB - Effective analgesia under conditions of emergency and disaster is still a problem which can be considered as unsolved. The i.m. administration of ketamine in subanaesthetic doses could be one step forward, particularly in regard to a possible application by paramedical personnel. In order to evaluate this hypothesis, we compared 2 groups of 6 patients each, who received either 0.5 mg/kg or 1 mg/kg ketamine respectively i.m. for p.o. pain relief after tonsillectomies. The analgesic efficacy, the levels of consciousness, the blood pressure values and the ketamine plasma levels demonstrated, that effective analgesia can be obtained within 10 min following either dose. The dosage of 1 mg/kg however was followed by a transient impairment of the levels of consciousness. The pharmacokinetic data may lead to the conclusion that analgesia starts above plasma levels of 100 ng/ml. Important side effects were not be observed in these few cases. A further study, which has almost been completed, will demonstrate whether the same results apply to emergency out-patients suffering from fractures, burns etc. PMID- 6614422 TI - [Epidural buprenorphine for postoperative analgesia after hip operations]. AB - Two groups of 20 patients each were given immediately after hip-operation an epidural injection of 0,15 or 0,3 mg buprenorphine. Effects and side effects are compared with those observed in two groups of patients having the same type of operation, and given either 4 mg of morphine or saline (placebo) by epidural injection. Buprenorphine in both doses produced a shorter duration of analgesia than 4 mg of morphine. In no case did respiratory depression occur. Urinary retention after buprenorphine was barely more frequent than in the placebo group. Nausea and vomiting occurred in 35-45% of patients. We do not see an advantage in replacing morphine by buprenorphine for epidural opiate-analgesia, because the same high rate of nausea/vomiting is associated with a significantly shorter duration of analgesia after buprenorphine. We are convinced that epidural opiate analgesia is most valuable for postoperative pain relief but should be reserved for selected cases. PMID- 6614423 TI - [Orciprenaline (Alupent) in resuscitation for circulatory arrest? Experimental comparison between orciprenaline and adrenaline in dogs]. AB - This study compares CPR with orciprenaline (8 dogs), with epinephrine (11 dogs) and without any drug (8 dogs) in cardiac arrest caused by anoxia. Resuscitation was successful in all animals of the epinephrine group and in 2 of the orciprenaline group. Spontaneous circulation could not be restored in any of the control animals. There was no difference in the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation between the drug groups. No fibrillation occurred in the controls. On the other hand, the incidence of successful defibrillation was significantly higher with epinephrine. The superiority of epinephrine was due to its having effected a significantly higher diastolic pressure during cardiac massage. The diastolic pressure decreased after orciprenaline injection to such an extent that coronary underperfusion resulted with consequent rise of serum CPK. We conclude that the use of orciprenaline is contraindicated in cardiac arrest. PMID- 6614424 TI - [General or regional anesthesia? A report of our experience]. PMID- 6614425 TI - [Successful analgesia in migraine by short infusion of ceruletide]. PMID- 6614427 TI - Uncommon conditions and difficult airways. PMID- 6614426 TI - [Difficult intubation in Pierre-Robin children, a new method: the retromolar route]. AB - The Pierre-Robin-children show a micro- and retrognathia of the lower jaw with the consequence of dorsal and cranial displacement of the basioglossal. It is well known that this can lead to serious difficulties in endotracheal intubation. As far as we know intubation via retromolar route has never been described at length. It has never been mentioned in the case of Pierre-Robin-children as an alternative to the unsuccessful classical method. This paper describes the problems intubation in these children and deals with the corresponding prophylactic measures of most importance before intubating. It describes in detail the technique of homolateral retromolar intubation - axis straight and distance shorter - and gives helpful guidelines that lead to a straight intubation axis in spite of anatomical abnormalities: pressure on the cricoid, pushing the larynx to the side, hyperextending, adjusting the degree of flexion, pushing or rotating the head to the other side or appropriate bending the end of the tube with a stylet. PMID- 6614428 TI - Detection of serum IgE antibodies that react with alcuronium and tubocurarine after life-threatening reactions to muscle-relaxant drugs. AB - Although anaphylactoid reactions to muscle-relaxant drugs are now well recognised, there has been no general agreement on the mechanism(s) underlying the responses. By covalently coupling alcuronium and tubocurarine to a solid phase carrier and using the resultant complexes in radioimmunoassay experiments with patients' sera and 125I-anti-human IgE, we have found high levels of drug specific IgE antibodies in the sera of some subjects who reacted to these muscle relaxants. These results provide important supporting evidence that, in some patients at least, life-threatening anaphylactoid reactions to muscle-relaxant drugs are mediated by drug-specific IgE antibodies. PMID- 6614429 TI - Perioperative management of tetralogy of Fallot repair. AB - Understanding the morphological and haemodynamic changes associated with surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot is vital in planning a rational basis for the postoperative management. The past five years have seen a fall in mortality figures from more than 10% to 2% and the reasons for this improvement are reviewed. There have been changes in the preoperative assessment and therapy, but perhaps the most significant change has been in operative technique. The correction now is performed by a transatrial approach, whereas in the past a large ventriculotomy was used. There has been a change in emphasis in the various postoperative manoeuvres employed. Early low-dosage inotrope support, cavity drainage, intravenous hyperalimentation, peritoneal dialysis, sequential pacing and ventilation until cardio-respiratory stability is achieved, form the basis of our postoperative regime. PMID- 6614430 TI - Pancuronium requirements during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass in man. AB - Eight patients were studied to determine the changes in pancuronium requirements during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. They were anaesthetised with fentanyl as the principal agent, ventilated with oxygen and the neuromuscular junction was monitored using train-of-four stimulation. After a bolus dose of pancuronium an infusion was used to maintain the first twitch of the train-of-four at 5-15 per cent of control. Before bypass the mean pancuronium infusion rate was 0.52 (SD 0.16) micrograms/kg/min. There was a small, brief increase in requirement with the initiation of bypass to 0.62 (SD 0.38) micrograms/kg/min, which was followed by a decrease of more than 80 per cent during hypothermia to 0.08 (SD 0.03) micrograms/kg/min. Rewarming was associated with a rapid increase in requirement to 0.64 (SD 0.17) micrograms/kg/min, which decreased to 0.33 (SD 0.23) micrograms/kg/min when normothermia was re-established. PMID- 6614431 TI - Pharmacokinetic optimisation of aminophylline infusions in critically ill patients. AB - The method of Chiou et al. was used to predict theophylline kinetics in eleven critically ill patients with either acute severe asthma or bronchoconstriction. Following the commencement of an accurately metered infusion of aminophylline, venous blood samples were taken at approximately 1, 5 hours and 7-12 hours for measurement of plasma theophylline concentration. The 1- and 5-hour levels were used to estimate total body clearance and plasma concentration of theophylline at the 7-12 hour sampling time. Using these values, the infusion rate was adjusted if necessary and the protocol repeated. Initial predictions were unreliable in two patients because of continued absorption of theophylline from pre-infusion therapy with aminophylline suppositories or slow-release theophylline tablets. In the remaining studies there was a significant correlation (y = 0.9x + 0.55, r2 = 0.93, p less than 0.01, n = 19) between predicted and actual plasma concentrations at the 7-12-hour sampling time. In three patients, sequential estimates of theophylline clearance showed an approximate twofold variation and in another two patients, there was evidence of concentration-and/or time dependent theophylline kinetics. PMID- 6614432 TI - Respiratory depression following accidental subarachnoid pethidine. PMID- 6614433 TI - Siphoning from a syringe pump: a cause of sudden overdose. PMID- 6614434 TI - Chronic ectopic pregnancy complicated by shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation. PMID- 6614435 TI - Anaesthetic management of combined caesarean section and phaeochromocytoma removal. PMID- 6614436 TI - Myasthenia gravis in pregnancy. PMID- 6614437 TI - Gastric aspiration associated with operative choledochoscopy. PMID- 6614438 TI - A quadruple-lumen intravenous infusion catheter. AB - A 5 French gauge, 30 cm usable length, radio-opaque, colour-coded quadruple-lumen catheter has been designed for simultaneous multiple central drug infusion and central venous pressure measurement. Concentrated drug infusions can be administered without interruption for pressure measurements. It eliminates the risk of inadvertent bolus administration of concentrated drug solutions during flushing of lines or administration of "push-doses" of other injections into the same infusion line. The problems of chemical incompatibilities and drug interactions are reduced. The system may help reduce complications in patients requiring complex intravenous therapy and pressure measurement. PMID- 6614439 TI - A multiple-purpose automatic pressure regulator. AB - The Gairdner Hospital Automatic Pressure Regulator was developed to deliver a constant pre-set gas pressure for the continuous inflation of infusion pump cuffs or pneumatic tourniquets. It has been found to be economical, safe, reliable and easy to use. The device facilitates both continuous flushing of catheters and rapid intravenous infusions especially during emergency situations. It may also be used in other clinical situations where a continuous gas supply at a pre-set constant pressure is required. PMID- 6614440 TI - The making of an anesthesiologist: a review of the American scene. AB - Many anaesthetists practising in Australia and New Zealand realise that differences exist in the training of their counterparts in the United States. This review attempts to highlight the differences observed by two anaesthetists who have been involved in both systems. Aspects of the American Board of Anesthesiology examination are discussed from this viewpoint. PMID- 6614441 TI - The preoperative visit. PMID- 6614442 TI - Endotracheal tube misplacement. PMID- 6614443 TI - Accidental dural puncture. PMID- 6614444 TI - Analysis of 5-pyrrolidone-2-carboxylate ester by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A simple quantitative method for estimating nanomole concentrations of 5 pyrrolidone-2-carboxylic acid (PCA) in tissue homogenates from mouse has been developed using reverse-phase HPLC. PCA was detected as the 4-nitrophenacyl ester which has an absorption maximum at 263 nm, a relatively high stability, and excellent chromatographic separation and detectability. This method offers distinct advantages over other analytical procedures thus far employed for measuring PCA in that the 4-nitrophenacyl derivative of PCA can be readily prepared from deproteinized tissue homogenates and quantitated by HPLC within relatively short time intervals with good precision and specificity. PMID- 6614445 TI - New assay for uronosyl 5-epimerases. AB - Simple assays have been developed for the two uronosyl 5-epimerases which participate in the biosynthesis of heparin and dermatan sulfate (heparosan N sulfate D-glucuronosyl 5-epimerase and chondroitin D-glucuronosyl 5-epimerase, respectively). Following previously published procedures, substrates labeled with tritium in the C-5 positions of the D-glucuronosyl and L-iduronosyl residues were prepared enzymatically by incubation of O-desulfated heparin and dermatan with 3H2O and crude epimerase preparations from bovine liver and human skin fibroblasts, respectively. In the new assays, 3H2O generated from these substrates during the epimerase reactions was quantitated by the method of Pollard et al. (Anal. Biochem. (1981) 110, 424-430). In this procedure, 3H2O in the aqueous reaction mixture is extracted into a toluene-based organic phase containing 25% isoamyl alcohol, while the polysaccharide substrate remains in the aqueous phase and does not generate scintillations. This procedure is much simpler than that used previously which involves distillation of each reaction mixture and quantitation of the radioactivity in the distillate. The new assays have been validated by the demonstration that conditions of linearity with time and enzyme concentration can be established for both epimerase reactions. Assays of this type should be useful in the study of any enzymatic reaction where 3H2O is formed from a 3H-labeled substrate and the unreacted substrate is not appreciably soluble in the organic phase. PMID- 6614446 TI - An improved plaque assay for viruses infecting poikilothermic cells; use of ultralow-gelling-temperature agarose. AB - The conventional plaque assay for viruses infecting poikilothermic cells is difficult because the cells are easily damaged at temperatures needed to keep the agarose overlay from solidifying prematurely. A modification of the assay in which these problems were solved by use of a new type of agarose (SeaPrep 15/45) that remains liquid above 15 degrees C, was developed. Use of this agarose made it easy to obtain smooth agar overlays without the risk of thermal damage to the cells. PMID- 6614447 TI - Improved recovery of rat liver fractions enriched in lysosomes by specific alteration of the sedimentation properties of mitochondria. AB - A method for the preparation of lysosomes from rat liver is presented. The procedure requires only standard equipment and is completed within less than 3 h. Homogenization and differential centrifugation were performed at pH 7.4 in isotonic potassium phosphate-buffered sucrose medium. The addition of potassium phosphate, at the concentration used (10 mM), accelerated the sedimentation rate of mitochondria without altering that of lysosomes resulting in the decrease in the mitochondrial contamination of the final pellet. Further purification was achieved by isopycnic centrifugation in 45% isotonic Percoll performed in an angle rotor. Lysosomal fractions representing 51.5% of the original population were recovered over a density range of 1.09 to 1.15 g/ml. The most purified fraction (37-fold purified) contained 25.3% of lysosomal beta-N acetylglucosaminidase, and only 0.9% of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase and 0.6% of peroxisomal urate oxidase original activities. It was practically devoid to endoplasmic reticulum contamination. PMID- 6614448 TI - An improved method for the determination of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in proteins, bone, and urine. AB - A method of high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of the fluorescence derivative of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) is presented. Alkaline hydrolysates of protein samples were reacted with o-phthalaldehyde in the presence of ethanethiol for 2 min, and the fluorescence derivative of gamma carboxyglutamic acid was resolved from the other amino acids by a short column packed with silica-based anion exchanger under isocratic conditions. By this method, as low as 200 fmol of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid can be quantitatively analyzed within 10 min. The method presented here shortened the analysis time for Gla and was at least 10 times more sensitive than the method we described previously (Anal. Biochem. 117, 259-265, 1981). The application of this method to the formic acid-soluble or insoluble gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing proteins in chicken bone and the concomitant increase of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid content in chicken bone with age are reported. PMID- 6614449 TI - A kinetic study on the enzymatic hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate and fluorescein-di-beta-D-galactopyranoside. AB - The kinetics of the hydrolysis of fluoresceindiacetate and fluorescein-di-beta-D galactopyranoside were investigated by thin-layer chromatography. The time course of the concentrations of substrate, monosubstituted intermediate, and product was simulated numerically. The mathematical model takes into account the competition of substrate and intermediate and the accumulation of the intermediate at the enzyme. PMID- 6614450 TI - Nucleoside triphosphate specificity of firefly luciferase. AB - Twelve naturally occurring nucleoside triphosphates have been examined as substrates and inhibitors of the light-producing reaction of firefly luciferase. Deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate was 1.7% as effective relative to ATP as a substrate, whereas all others tested were less than 0.1% as effective as ATP. At concentrations normally present in mammalian cell extracts no interference with ATP measurements results from these nucleotides. PMID- 6614451 TI - A new fluorometric assay method for quinolinic acid. AB - A new fluorometric assay method for quinolinic acid is introduced in this study. Quinolinic acid-hydrazine complex, a stable fluorescent compound, is formed after heating quinolinic acid with hydrazine at 215-220 degrees C for 2 min. Fluorescence excitation and emission maxima of the complex are at 285 and 380 nm, respectively. This assay method is rapid and rather sensitive. It takes about 30 min to ascertain the amount of quinolinic acid as low as 50 ng. Specificity of this method is high among biological compounds. An ultrasensitive assay method for quinolinic acid (as low as 20 pg) with diphenylhydrazine instead of hydrazine is also found. After separating the quinolinic acid-diphenylhydrazine complex from residual diphenylhydrazine, this ultrasensitive assay method may be practically applicable. PMID- 6614452 TI - Measurement of ferredoxin-dependent sulfite reductase activity in crude extracts from leaves using O-acetyl-L-serine sulfhydrylase in a coupled assay system to measure the sulfide formed. AB - Ferredoxin-dependent sulfite reductase (EC 1.8.7.1) catalyses the reduction of sulfite to sulfide, using reduced ferredoxin as an electron donor. An assay system was developed for measuring this enzyme activity in crude extracts and broken chloroplast preparations from leaves. The assay consists of a coupled system in which the sulfide formed is used for cysteine synthesis by added O acetyl-L-serine sulfhydrylase (EC 4.2.99.8). Cysteine thus formed is determined with ninhydrin under conditions where O-acetylserine does not react and serves as a measure for ferredoxin-dependent sulfite reductase activity. Cysteine synthesized in the assay can be determined from 10 to 200 nmol. One assay per minute can be performed. PMID- 6614453 TI - Rapid precision interferometry for the analytical ultracentrifuge. I. A laser controller based on a phase-lock-loop circuit. AB - This is the first of a series of manuscripts presenting methods to enable rapid reduction of data from the Rayleigh interference optical system of the Beckman Model E analytical ultracentrifuge. Here we present a pulsed laser controller for the ultracentrifuge. This laser controller uses a phase-lock-loop to provide properly timed light pulses over the speed range of 3000 to 60,000 rpm; it effectively resolves one rotor revolution into 4096 discrete angular positions. The circuit has been designed so that the laser light bursts occur at selectable angular positions of the rotor that are independent of rotor speed even under conditions of maximum acceleration or deceleration. We have used this controller in our laboratory over a 7-year period for both photographic and real-time collection at interferometric data from the ultracentrifuge. PMID- 6614454 TI - The resolution of bimodal peaks in the analytical ultracentrifuge in the presence and absence of ligands. AB - The patterns for peak resolution in the analytical ultracentrifuge characteristic of systems associating by different mechanisms are analyzed. These are (i) that in which reequilibration is infinitely slow; (ii) that in which reequilibration is rapid, i.e., a Gilbert-type system; and (iii) that in which reequilibration is rapid, but the self-association is mediated by a ligand. Criteria for distinguishing the three are described and illustrated by results on tubulin self association under various conditions. PMID- 6614455 TI - A simple quantitative method for the determination of 3-fluorotyrosine substitution in proteins. AB - A rapid quantitative method is described for determining 3-fluorotyrosine incorporation into proteins. Derivatives of tyrosine and 3-fluorotyrosine with o phthalaldehyde are well separated from one another by a reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography system used for routine analyses of o phthalaldehyde-amino acid derivatives. Since both amino acids are well resolved from all other derivatized amino acids, the method is useful for amino acid analyses of proteins. Determination of the fluorotyrosine content of proteins by this method involves a single separation step, is reproducible, and requires no corrections for stability or yield. Further, the o-phthalaldehyde derivatives of 5-fluorotryptophan, 2-fluorophenylalanine, 3-fluorophenylalanine, and 4 fluorophenylalanine can also be resolved. The method may be generally applicable to fluorinated aromatic amino acid-labeled proteins that are studied structurally and dynamically by nuclear magnetic resonance. PMID- 6614456 TI - A direct solubilization procedure for the determination of DNA and protein in cultured fibroblast monolayers. AB - A procedure for the direct solubilization of fibroblast monolayers allowing precise determination of DNA and protein content has been developed. This simple procedure is applicable to the analysis of these macromolecules in fibroblast cultures containing small numbers of cells (less than 1 X 10(5]. PMID- 6614457 TI - Large-scale purification of viroid RNA using Cs2SO4 gradient centrifugation and high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A procedure for the purification of viroid RNA from tomato plants is described which yields up to a milligram of viroid RNA of gel electrophoretic homogeneity within 2 days. This technique is at least three times as fast as previous methods and is generally applicable to other RNA species. Plant material was homogenized and phenol extracted. In a Cs2SO4 density gradient, viroid RNA together with low molecular-weight RNA, was separated from large single-stranded RNA, DNA, polysaccharides, polyphenols, and other compounds. The separation is based on the differences in the buoyant density and on the selective precipitation of large single-stranded RNA in Cs2SO4. Further purification of viroid RNA was achieved by HPLC over a weak anion exchanger linked to silica gel of optimized pore size. The elution was carried out by a salt gradient with complete exclusion of divalent metal ions. The procedures were applied to whole plants, leaves, stems, roots, cells, and protoplasts. The yields of nucleic acids at the different steps of purification are given for leaves, stems, and roots. PMID- 6614458 TI - Determination of levels of glycolytic intermediates and nucleotides in platelets by pulse-labeling with [32P]orthophosphate. AB - A method is presented for the separation and quantification of 32P-labeled carbohydrates and nucleotides in blood platelets which have been pulse-labeled with [32P]orthophosphate. The procedure is based on two-dimensional paper chromatography, identification of the spots by radioautography and enzymatic methods, and quantitation of 32P radioactivity by liquid scintillation counting. The data show that 32P is homogeneously distributed among the compounds studied so that the total radioactivity is proportional to the levels of these compounds in the metabolic compartment of the cells. Thus, this method provides a sensitive and accurate means to evaluate phosphorylated intermediates in glycolysis and nucleotide metabolism and to assess the transfer of energy-rich phosphate groups between these pathways in particular. PMID- 6614459 TI - Radiometric assays for mammalian epoxide hydrolases and glutathione S transferase. AB - A number of epoxides, including cis- and trans-stilbene oxides, were assayed as substrates for epoxide hydrolases (EHs) by gas-liquid chromatography. Radiolabeled stilbene oxides were prepared by sodium borotritide reduction of desyl chloride followed by ring closure with base treatment. Rapid radiometric assays for EHs were performed by differential partitioning of the epoxide into dodecane, while the product diol remained in the aqueous phase. Glutathione (GSH) transferase was similarly assayed by partitioning the epoxide and diol, if formed metabolically, into 1-hexanol, while the GSH conjugate was retained in the aqueous phase. The cytosolic EH rapidly hydrates the trans isomer while the cis is very poorly hydrated. In contrast, the cis is a better substrate for the microsomal EH than the trans. GSH transferase utilized both epoxides as substrates, but conjugation is faster with the cis isomer. Cytosolic EH activity is high in mouse but very low in rat and guinea pig. Microsomal EH activity, in contrast, is highest in guinea pig, intermediate in rat, and the lowest in mouse. GSH transferase activity, which is high in all three species, can be inhibited by chalcone, with an I50 of 3.1 X 10(-5) M. These assays facilitate the rapid evaluation and direct comparison of epoxide-metabolizing systems in cell homogenates used in short-term mutagenicity assays, cell or organ culture, and possibly in vivo. PMID- 6614460 TI - Amperometric response to carbon monoxide by a Clark-type oxygen electrode. AB - Hydrogen-conditioned Clark-type electrodes responded amperometrically to carbon monoxide but to a lesser extent than to hydrogen. They lost sensitivity over time at a concentration-dependent rate when exposed to H2 or CO. Maximum electrode current produced by pure CO was 0.45 microA at the optimum polarizing voltage of 0.60 V; electrode sensitivities to H2 and CO were 15 and 1.8 nA, respectively, in 1 microM solutions. These electrodes also responded weakly to acetylene and ethylene. Caution is suggested in interpretation of H2 measurements made with these electrodes if all components of the reaction milieu are not known. PMID- 6614461 TI - Quantitative analysis of formate in solutions containing phosphate. AB - Standard colorimetric methods based on the initial reduction of formate to formaldehyde were found to yield erratic results when applied to the analysis of millimolar concentrations of formate in a microbial culture medium. The source of interference was identified as inorganic orthophosphate inhibition of the magnesium/hydrochloric acid reduction stage. Passivation of magnesium by millimolar concentrations of phosphate is known to occur at low pH and it is proposed that this phenomenon is responsible for the inhibition of the reduction process. The presence of orthophosphate in biological extracts is almost universal and would lead to acceptance of spuriously low values for formate concentration if the previously unreported inhibitory effect is not recognized. The colorimetric method of Barker and Somers in which formate is reacted directly with 2-thiobarbituric acid to form the chromophore was evaluated and proved to be entirely free from interference by orthophosphate and other medium components. This method although less sensitive than the formate reduction methods is therefore suggested as the method of choice for the determination of formate in biological or other solutions containing phosphate. PMID- 6614462 TI - A method for predicting the location of particles sedimenting in sucrose gradients. AB - A theory was developed for the calculation of the positions of zones of particles sedimenting through a sucrose gradient. Equations were derived for particles sedimenting through gradients in which the sucrose concentration is (a) a linear function of radius, or (b) a hyperbolic function of radius. Computations were made for both swing-out and zonal rotors. The theory, which is based on direct integration of the sedimentation equation, exploits equations relating (a) the density of sucrose solutions to sucrose concentration and (b) the viscosity of sucrose solutions to sucrose concentration, and also the concept of reduced time (T/2 = S20.w integral of t to w2dt) of Fujita. The required computations may be made using a scientific calculator. Experimental support for the theory was obtained. PMID- 6614463 TI - Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of hydrophobic proteins and fragments thereof. AB - Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) resolution and recovery of cytochrome P-450 and bovine rhodopsin, both integral membrane proteins, and large peptides derived from P-450 LM2 were enhanced by utilizing ternary solvents. Surprisingly, most test materials eluted later in the gradient when using mixtures of acetonitrile and propanol in the mobile phase compared to using either solvent alone. Of the supports tested, the best recovery of hydrophobic cytochrome P-450 LM4 was experienced on the less retentive CN-bonded phase. Two alternate solvents for HPLC of polypeptides are proposed: (1) 0.02-0.1 M hexafluoroacetone/NH3, pH 7.2 for highly acidic peptides; and (2) 6 M formic acid/0.13 M trimethylamine, pH 1.5, vs 4 M formic acid/0.09 M trimethylamine in propanol for relatively insoluble peptides. Anomalous side reactions between formic acid and peptides can cause HPLC peak broadening, increased retention, and decreased resolution. These deleterious effects are thought to be due in part to formyl esterification of serine and threonine residues and appear to be reversible by aminoethanol treatment. PMID- 6614464 TI - Quantification of coenzymes and related compounds from methanogenic bacteria by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Quantification of coenzymes and related compounds from methanogens was performed in extracts obtained from whole cells with aqueous ethanol at 80 degrees C. By means of high-performance liquid chromatography the following compounds could be detected and quantified in extracts from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum: coenzyme MF430, the prosthetic group of methylcoenzyme M reductase, F560, an oxidation product of this compound, coenzyme F420, F342, methanopterin, and carboxytetrahydromethanopterin, previously known as YFC. Coenzyme MF430, coenzyme F420, and methanopterin could be determined in extracts from Methanosarcina barkeri. Structural differences were noticed between the coenzymes from the methanogenic bacteria studied. PMID- 6614465 TI - High-performance gel-permeation chromatography of polypeptides in a volatile solvent: rapid resolution and molecular weight estimations of proteins and peptides on a column of TSK-G3000-PW. AB - A gel-permeation column of TSK-G3000-PW that was equilibrated and developed with 36 or 45% acetonitrile in 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid fractionated mixtures of peptides with high resolving power. In addition, the elution volumes of 11 standard peptides and proteins were linearly related to the logarithms of their molecular weights in the acetonitrile-trifluoroacetic acid solvent at both low and high flow rates. Since the solvent is volatile and relatively transparent to short-wavelength ultraviolet light this high-performance gel-permeation system offers a rapid and highly sensitive method for the analysis, characterization, and purification of peptides and proteins from complex mixtures. PMID- 6614466 TI - Preparation and reactions of an iodinated imidoester reagent with actin and alpha actinin. AB - The chemical iodination of an imidoester (methyl-p-hydroxybenzimidate, Wood et al. (1975) Anal. Biochem. 68, 339) and subsequent coupling of iodinated imidoester (IIE) to protein is an indirect method of iodinating proteins that is specific for the epsilon amino group of lysine residues and maintains the positive charge on the amino group at physiological pH. Purification of the IIE from chloramine-T and free iodine by benzene extraction eliminates the need for isoelectric precipitation and produces a more time- and cost-efficient IIE preparation and purification protocol. The separation of free from protein-bound label by chromatography, using centrifugal elution, provides a separation method that is rapid and efficient, without the generation of large volumes of radioactive wastes characteristic of conventional chromatographic and dialysis methods. To optimize the parameters of labeling protein with IIE, a systematic assessment of the effects of pH, reactant concentrations, and reaction time was made using purified cardiac actin and gizzard alpha-actinin. The parameters were defined to achieve an average labeling ratio of one IIE per protein polypeptide. The data demonstrate that both proteins appear to be labeled at the same rate and define several determining factors that limit the rate and extent of IIE incorporation into protein. PMID- 6614467 TI - Buffer induced modification of 6-sulfated disaccharide in chondroitin lyase digestions. PMID- 6614468 TI - A comparison of fluorescamine and o-phthaldialdehyde as effective blocking reagents in protein sequence analyses by the Beckman sequencer. AB - Use of o-phthaldialdehyde to chemically reduce the newly generated amino termini responsible for the progressively increasing background during an extended amino acid sequence analysis in a liquid phase sequencer has been described. The results have been compared with Fluram blocking using apomyoglobin and rabbit C reactive protein as standard and unknown samples, respectively. PMID- 6614469 TI - A spectrophotometric assay for dehydroascorbate reductase. AB - A simple spectrophotometric assay for dehydroascorbate reductase based on the change in absorbance associated with the formation of ascorbic acid is described. Using a partially purified preparation from spinach leaves, the reaction was found to be linear with time and enzyme concentration. The reaction rate determined by this assay correlated well with that obtained by a high-performance liquid chromatography method. Possible advantages over currently available assays as well as potential applications are discussed. PMID- 6614470 TI - Noncompetitive enzyme immunoassay for the measurement of bronchial inhibitor in biological fluids. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of bronchial inhibitor using rabbit antibronchial inhibitor antibody-coated polystyrene balls as the solid-phase antibody and peroxidase-labeled antibody as the conjugate is described. A crude antibody fraction is used for coating the solid phase. The assay can be run within 8 h and gives reproducible results in the range of 6 to 60 micrograms/l of bronchial inhibitor (mean within-run coefficient of variation, 7%). It can detect bronchial inhibitor concentrations as low as 2 micrograms/l (10(-10) M) and recovery of varying amounts of bronchial inhibitor added to bronchial liquids is greater than 90%. This enzyme immunoassay appears to be a convenient way to quantify bronchial inhibitor in biological fluids such as serum, sputum, or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. PMID- 6614471 TI - Formation of [3H, 32P]phytic acid in germinating wheat. AB - Doubly labeled phytic acid of high specific activity was prepared by incubating whole wheat seeds with [32P]phosphoric acid and [3H]myoinositol for 48 h and purifying by anion-exchange chromatography on AG 1- X 8 resin. Both degradation and synthesis of phytic acid were inhibited by KF to a similar extent, yet the catabolic and anabolic pathways involved distinctly different enzyme systems, as no [3H, 32P]myoinositol tetra- or pentaphosphate could be detected. PMID- 6614472 TI - Semi-micro methods for analysis of labile sulfide and of labile sulfide plus sulfane sulfur in unusually stable iron-sulfur proteins. AB - Details are provided for a reproducible procedure for determination of labile sulfide in iron-sulfur (Fe-S) proteins in the range of 1 to 3 nmol. Analyses are also presented on the most stable Fe-S protein so far reported. In this case denaturation with guanidine.HCl was used in the presence of dithiothreitol. The values obtained then also include any sulfane sulfur (S0) present. PMID- 6614473 TI - A quantitative method for determination of 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid using high-pressure liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection. AB - A method for the determination of the urinary melanocyte metabolite 5,6 dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid is described. The catecholic indole is adsorbed onto alumina, chromatographed on a reverse-phase octadecyl silica column, and detected by fluorometry. The sensitivity of the method permits detection of 1 pmol injected. PMID- 6614474 TI - A practical approach for quantitating specific mRNAs by solution hybridization. AB - The preparation and use of a specific cDNA probe for quantitating mRNA by solution hybridization is described. Cloned DNA sequences are nick translated, denatured, hybridized to single-stranded M13 clones containing message strand (mDNA) sequences, and separated chromatographically on Bio-Gel A50 under first native and then denaturing conditions to yield a single-stranded cDNA probe. The details of a solution hybridization assay in which the single-stranded cDNA is used to quantitate mRNA in total nucleic acid samples are described. As little as 0.5 pg of mRNA can easily be detected within a day of sample isolation. Thus, the assay is both rapid and sensitive and can be used to measure RNAs complementary to any cloned DNA sequence. It is ideally suited to situations when accurate quantitation of multiple samples is anticipated. PMID- 6614475 TI - Measurement of DNA with an automatic spectrophotometer. AB - A method that uses an automated spectrophotometer to read microtiter plates in a modification of the diphenylamine method of DNA determination in tissue extracts, is presented. The micromethod saves technician time, and reduces exposure to acetic acid fumes. The reproducibility of the method is superior to the manual method. Fewer pipetting steps are required, and the method is suited to large batches of samples. PMID- 6614476 TI - Tetrazolium method for studying the catalytic properties of oxidoreductases in cellular organelles immobilized on glass surfaces. AB - A new quantitative method allowing the measurement of the activity of oxidoreductases, as well as the study of their catalytic properties, is proposed. The method is based on photometering a smear of cellular organelles in the course of incubation in medium containing the reductase substrate and an artificial electron acceptor, tetrazolium salt. Catalytic properties of succinate:p nitrotetrazolium violet reductase, as revealed on the smears, are shown to be identical to those of the reductase in mitochondrial suspension. Under similar conditions the maximal oxidation rate of succinate with p-nitrotetrazolium violet is the same as that in the presence of an acceptor of another type, Wurster's blue. The method allows the study of a number of reductases. PMID- 6614478 TI - Purification of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) agglutinin isolectins by chromatofocusing. AB - This report describes the purification and isolation of the isolectins of peanut agglutinin (PNA). We find the affinity-purified PNA to have an amino acid composition similar to that reported by Lotan et al. (J. Biol. Chem. 250, 8518 8523 (1975)); however, our preparation contains three tryptophan residues per subunit rather than two as reported by Lotan et al. This higher tryptophan content is consistent with the extinction coefficient (E1 mg/ml 280) of 0.96 as previously reported (Fish et al., Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 190, 693-698 (1978)). The PNA, purified by affinity chromatography on lactosyl-Sepharose, contains six major and three minor components capable of agglutinating neuraminidase-treated erythrocytes. Seven of the isolectins were obtained in a highly purified form by chromatofocusing, a column chromatographic technique which separates proteins on the basis of their isoelectric points. Isoelectric focusing of the purified isolectins indicates that they have the following isoelectric points: A, 6.70; B, 6.55; C, 6.35; D, 6.25; E, 6.10; F, 5.90; and G, 5.70. Preliminary studies on the subunit composition of the isolectins are also presented. PMID- 6614477 TI - A simple and rapid assay for measuring radiolabeled ligand binding to purified plasma membranes. AB - A simple, rapid assay for measuring radiolabeled ligand binding to purified plasma membranes was developed. In this assay, membrane proteins and ligand are mixed atop a nonmiscible silicone oil (density = 1.029 g/cm3) and incubated to establish equilibrium. The membrane proteins and bound ligand are then rapidly separated (30-60 s) from unbound ligand by centrifugation at 100,000g in a Beckman airfuge. A small amount of unbound ligand is contained in the pellet as extramembranous fluid so that the bound and free ligand remain essentially in equilibrium. Thus, this binding assay is suitable for the characterization of low affinity (Kd greater than 10(-8) M) binding sites with rapid dissociation rate constants. In addition, measurements and comparisons of the binding of the synthetic chemotactic peptide formylnorleucyl-leucyl-[3H]phenylanine to purified rabbit neutrophil membranes have been made using the silicone oil centrifugation assay and a filtration binding assay. The results of these experiments illustrate the problems and potential errors associated with nonequilibrium binding assays and emphasize the advantage of using the silicone oil centrifugation binding assay. PMID- 6614479 TI - Purification of brush border membrane by thiocyanate treatment. AB - Rat small intestinal brush border membranes are purified from brush borders by homogenization in relatively high concentrations of thiocyanate salts (0.56 M LiSCN, 0.41 M NaSCN, or 0.52 M KSCN), removal of this salt, and differential centrifugation to separate cytoskeletal material from membranes. The marker enzyme, sucrase, is enriched 98-fold in the final membranes over the starting homogenate of intestinal scrapings at a yield of about 20%. The isolated membranes are capable of secondary active sodium-dependent glucose transport as demonstrated by sodium gradient-supported overshooting glucose uptake. PMID- 6614480 TI - Histone fractionation by high-performance liquid chromatography on cyanoalkysilane (CN) reverse-phase columns. AB - Previous work in our laboratory [Gurley et al. Anal. Biochem. 129, 132-144 (1983)] described conditions for the rapid fractionation of histones by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a reverse-phase muBondapak C18 column. That procedure resolved the major classes of histones with one exception: the more hydrophobic H2A variant, (MHP)H2A, was not resolved from the H4 histone class. This report extends that work describing experiments using a muBondapak CN column which better resolves the classes of histones from each other including the resolution of (MHP)H2A from the H4. In addition, the less hydrophobic H2A variant, (LHP)H2A, is partially resolved from the (MHP)H2A, and the less hydrophobic H3 variant, (LHP)H3, is resolved from the more hydrophobic H3 variant, (MHP)H3. Lower trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) concentrations (0.1%) in the eluting water/acetonitrile solvent were used with the CN column than were used with the C18 column which increased the sensitivity of histone detection by ultraviolet absorption at 206 nm. Greater than 95% of the total [3H]lysine labeled protein applied to the CN column was eluted from the column. Contaminating nonhistone proteins were found to chromatograph in the region of histone elution. These were greatly reduced by isolating nuclei prior to histone preparation. The fractionation of the histones appears to be based on the hydrophobic properties of the proteins. The histone fractions (identified by their electrophoretic mobilities) were eluted from the CN column in the following order: H1, H2B, (LHP)H2A, (MHP)H2A, H4, (LHP)H3, and (MHP)H3. Phosphorylated and acetylated histone species were not resolved from their unmodified parental species. PMID- 6614482 TI - The precision of results from nonlinear regression analysis of data following a three-parameter one-exponential equation. AB - Simulated experimental data were generated from error-free data following the equation y = A - Be-kt where A, B, and k are constants and were analyzed by iterative nonlinear regression using one of two basic published computer programs. The effect of the simulated experimental error in y on the precision of the computed constants A, B, and k was evaluated. The errors were either independent of y (simple errors) or proportional to y (relative errors) and outliers were sometimes introduced. Other factors investigated were the number of data points per regression, the range of values of y, and the effect of weighting the data. The results show that the errors in the computed constants, and particularly the rate constant k, may be considerably magnified with respect to the errors in the experimental data. The quantitative relationships that are presented are useful aids in the design of biochemical experiments in which the above equation is applicable. PMID- 6614481 TI - A spectrophotometric, enzymatic assay for D-3-hydroxybutyrate that is not dependent on hydrazine. AB - Because of the potential carcinogenic properties of hydrazine and because of other health hazards associated with its use in the laboratory, an enzymatic assay has been developed for D-3-hydroxybutyrate that is not dependent on hydrazine to drive the reaction toward completion. The use of a high concentration of NAD+ and a buffer at pH 9.5 resulted in a favorable conversion of D-3-hydroxybutyrate to acetoacetate by D-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase even though the reaction favors D-3-hydroxybutyrate formation under physiological conditions. The assay was also completed faster than previous assays using hydrazine so that the amount of enzyme used for the assay could be reduced. The recovery of D-3-hydroxybutyrate added to liver samples was 98 +/- 1% (mean +/- SEM, n = 6). The assay was found to be suitable for the measurement of D-3 hydroxybutyrate in samples such as perchloric acid extracts of isolated hepatocytes even when the acetoacetate to D-3-hydroxybutyrate ratio was 4 to 1. This assay presents a reliable alternative to the use of hydrazine and may be used for the assay of D-3-hydroxybutyrate in a variety of physiological and experimental samples. PMID- 6614483 TI - A microassay system for measuring esterase activity and protein concentration in small samples and in high-pressure liquid chromatography eluate fractions. AB - A microtiter plate spectrophotometric system has been used together with the Bradford, Ellman, and van Asperen assays to measure protein concentration (to 0.5 microgram) and the activities of acetylcholinesterase (to 10(-3) units) and carboxylesterase (to 30 micrograms beta-naphthol reaction product) in small samples such as high-performance liquid chromatographic eluate fractions. For 100 microliter samples, at least 300 Ellman acetylcholinesterase or Bradford protein assays can be conducted and read in less than 30 min, and a like number of van Asperen nonspecific esterase assays (including 1-h incubation) run in less than 90 min. The eluate from a single 20-min high-performance liquid chromatographic run of a biological sample can be collected as up to 300 fractions directly into microtiter plate wells, and the three assays run on all fractions in less than 90 min. PMID- 6614484 TI - Analysis of protein-glutathione mixed disulfides by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - After precipitation of proteins; serum, hepatocytes, or glutathione-derivatized bovine serum albumin, by perchloric acid, dithiothreitol was used to reduce glutathione-protein mixed disulfides in the ether-washed, resuspended pellet. Following neutralization and S-carboxymethylation of free sulfhydral groups in the acid soluble fraction by iodoacetic acid. 2,4-dinitrophenyl derivatives of released compounds were produced by addition of ethanolic fluorodinitrobenzene. The 2,4-dinitrophenyl derivative of S-carboxymethylglutathione was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The method was found to be reproducible and limited only by the sensitivity of the glutathione analysis (about 10 pmol/sample). Quantitation of protein-bound glutathione was shown to be independent of the ratio of bound to soluble glutathione as well as the protein concentration in the sample. This method was found to produce glutathione values identical to those measured after borohydride reduction without the problems of foaming, sample loss, and the need of continuous pH adjustment during reduction. PMID- 6614485 TI - Sensitive fluorographic detection of 3H and 14C on chromatograms using methyl anthranilate as a scintillant. AB - Methyl anthranilate is a simple, sensitive, and inexpensive liquid scintillant for fluorographic detection of weak beta-emitting isotopes on chromatograms. Detection of tritium is enhanced 1000-fold compared to autoradiography in a 24-h exposure. Since methyl anthranilate is a viscous liquid, it is easily applied as an even coating which subsequently solidifies at the low temperature (-80 degrees C) used for fluorography. Of several liquid scintillants tested, methyl anthranilate was most effective, followed by 9-ethyl fluorene, methyl salicylate, and 1-methyl naphthalene. The efficiency of 1-methyl naphthalene could be raised to the level of methyl anthranilate by the addition of a small amount (0.5%) of 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO). PMID- 6614486 TI - A rapid and sensitive paper electrophoresis assay for the detection of microbial siderophores elicited in solid-plating culture. AB - A rapid and sensitive assay for the detection of microbial siderophores (iron binding compounds) is described. Nine representative fungal and bacterial cultures including Ustilago sphaerogena, Penicillium sp., Fusarium roseum, Rhodotorula pilimanae, Bacillus subtilis W 23, Bacillus subtilis W 168, Bacillus megaterium, Azotobacter vinelandii OP, and Escherichia coli B, were nutritionally stressed for iron by sequential transfers on iron-deficient solid-plating media. In response to Fe-stress conditions, the microorganisms excreted siderophore compounds into the extracellular solid culture medium. The solid agar matrix effectively concentrated and restricted the migration of the siderophore compounds to the region immediately adjacent to colonial growth. Agar-block samples from this region were removed and placed at the origin of an electrophoresis paper strip. The resultant absorbed material from the agar-block sample was subjected to high-voltage paper electrophoresis which separated the siderophore compounds by size and molecular net charge. Phenolic acid ("catechol")-type siderophores were detected by fluorescence under uv light. Hydroxamic acid-type siderophores were visualized by spraying the electrophoretogram with ferric iron solution. PMID- 6614487 TI - Subpicogram analysis of sweat proteins using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB - Sweat collected from six normal volunteers was analyzed to determine if reproducible protein patterns could be obtained using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of 125I-labeled sweat proteins. This method has the capability of easily detecting picogram quantities of protein. Once the methods of collection of the sweat had been standardized, reproducible patterns were obtained from these volunteers. Over 100 discrete spots were revealed by a combination of fluorography and rare earth screen radioautography of dried two dimensional gels. This method will allow analysis of sweat for qualitative and quantitative variations in protein content in pathologic conditions such as cystic fibrosis, renal failure, and diabetes. PMID- 6614488 TI - Freeze-drying and analysis of plant and other biological material. AB - The freeze-drying of biological material, which is to be quantitatively analyzed (micro-amount level) for compounds of low or intermediate molecular weight, should be either omitted or handled under strict control. This is because compounds such as amino acids, sugars, flavonoids, glycosides, coenzymes, peptides, etc., might be removed from concentrates and (or) the ground biological material by the high vacuum. PMID- 6614489 TI - Determination of hexachloroacetone in air. PMID- 6614490 TI - Comparison of methods for determination of ascorbic acid in animal tissues. PMID- 6614491 TI - Formation of trimethylsilyl molecular adduct ions in desorption chemical ionization mass spectrometry of nonvolatile organic compounds. PMID- 6614492 TI - Determination of human serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes by anion exchange chromatography. PMID- 6614493 TI - Minicolumns for affinity chromatography. PMID- 6614494 TI - Two-dimensional liquid chromatographic determination of (3-methoxy-4 hydroxyphenyl)glycol in urine. PMID- 6614495 TI - Identification of sulfonamide drugs in swine liver by collision-induced dissociation/mass analyzed ion kinetic energy spectrometry. PMID- 6614496 TI - Comparison of electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry and atomic emission spectrometry for determination of chromium in urine. PMID- 6614498 TI - Shortening of liquid chromatography columns for reduced retention time. PMID- 6614497 TI - Determination of benomyl by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. PMID- 6614499 TI - Determination of lead in blood by atomic-absorption spectroscopy with electrothermal atomisation. PMID- 6614500 TI - Selective spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of iron with di(2 pyridyl)-NN-di[(8-quinolyl)amino]methane: determination of iron in blood serum. PMID- 6614501 TI - Direct determination of inorganic mercury in biological materials after alkali digestion and amalgamation. PMID- 6614502 TI - Direct determination of selenium(IV) in biological samples by cathodic-stripping voltammetry. PMID- 6614503 TI - Colorimetric, spectrophotometric and fluorimetric determination of prenalterol hydrochloride. PMID- 6614504 TI - A Golgi study of Bergmann glial cells in developing rat cerebellum. AB - In order to examine the relationship between the Bergmann glial cells and the migrating granule cells, the postnatal development of the Bergmann glial cells in the rat cerebellum was analysed by a rapid Golgi method. In newborn rats where immature Purkinje cells occupied a rather thick zone (about 8 cells thick) between the thin molecular layer and the intermediate zone, immature Bergmann glial cells were recognized by the irregularly contoured somata situated within the deep part of the zone of Purkinje cells and by several perpendicular thin fibers (filiform fibers) which traversed the external granular layer (EGL) to terminate at the pial surface. After day 2 of the postnatal age (PD2), both somata and fibers of Bergmann glial cells showed gradual or fairly abrupt changes. The somata migrated upwards toward the molecular layer on PD2 and on PD4 were situated just beneath the Purkinje cells which had become arranged in a single layer. After PD6 the distance between the pial surface and the somata situated in the Purkinje cell layer and concomitantly the length of the Bergmann glial fibers, progressively increased in accordance with the thickening of the molecular layer. Between PD0 and PD8 the somata were irregularly contoured with short protoplasmic processes extending radially. After PD8 they gradually lost these short processes and became smooth. The Bergmann glial fibers were rather smooth with a few beady enlargements and tiny bud-like excrescences on their surface between PD0 and PD8. On PD12 the bushy expansions, characteristic of matured Bergmann glial fibers, suddenly increased in number on most fibers. After PD12 they continued to augment until PD25, when most fibers were entirely covered with the expansions. The number of fibers issuing from each Bergmann glial cell and entering the EGL increased postnatally reaching a peak on PD8, and then decreased gradually. These changes in the number of Bergmann glial fibers corresponded well with those in the number of external granule cells, suggesting the presence of developmental interactions between these two kinds of cells. PMID- 6614505 TI - Spatial and temporal pattern of postnatal proliferation of Bergmann glial cells in rat cerebellum: an autoradiographic study. AB - In order to examine the relationship between the Bergmann glial cells and the migrating granule cells, the development of the Bergmann glial cells in the rat cerebellum was studied with 3H-thymidine autoradiography. 3H-thymidine was injected intraperitoneally into rats on two days successively between days 2 and 21 of the postnatal age (PD2 and PD21). All animals were sacrificed on PD25 and the vermis of the cerebellum was embedded in epoxy resin. Semithin sections were cut sagittally for autoradiography. The labeling index of the Bergmann glial cells in lobules I, II, III, IV, V, VIa, VIII, IX, and X reached the peak on PD6 7, and in lobules VIb and VII on PD8-9. Moreover, the lobules could be divided into three groups according to the day when cumulative labeling indices reached 50% of the total ones (LI50): The early-developing group (LI50; PD4.4-5.2) contained lobules I, II, III, IV, and V, the intermediate group (LI50; PD5.3-6.1) lobules VIa, VIII, IX, and X, and the late-developing group (LI50; PD6.6-7.8) lobules VIb and VII. The regional gradient of LI50 in the Bergmann glial cells corresponded approximately to the regional gradient in the ratio of late-forming granule cells; that is, the later the LI50 of the Bergmann glial cells, the higher is the ratio of the late-forming granule cells. This suggests that an intimate relationship exists between these two kinds of cells. PMID- 6614506 TI - The architecture of rat lymph nodes. I. Combined light and electron microscopy of lymph node cell types. AB - Non-lymphoid cells in rat lymph nodes are described as seen by combined light and electron microscopy of normal adult, congenitally athymic, germ-free, irradiated, or newborn rats. The cells are divided into stromal and non-stromal. The latter category consists of a variety of morphologically distinct cell types with characteristic distribution patterns. The presence of paracortical interdigitating cells in lymph nodes of germ-free rats, athymic rats, and newborn euthymic and athymic rats, refutes the ideas that interdigitating cells differentiate from macrophages under immune stimulation or T cell influences. Follicular dendritic cells are more clearly visualized and appear to be polynucleated after emptying the follicles of lymphoid cells by irradiation. Follicular dendritic cells and tingible body macrophages are found in conventionally raised euthymic and athymic rats, but not in germ-free rats. The interrelationships of these and other types of non-lymphoid cells are discussed. PMID- 6614507 TI - The patterns of innervation and movements of ectopic hindlimb supplied by brachial spinal cord segments in the chick. AB - Pools of motoneurons in the ventral horn of the brachial spinal cord segments 13 16, innervating muscles of an ectopic hindlimb were mapped in chicks with the use of retrograde axoplasmic transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). On the third day of incubation the right wing bud of the acceptor embryo was removed and replaced by either a right or left hindlimb bud of the donor embryo. HRP was injected into selected muscles of the ectopic and intact hindlimbs as well as into muscles of the intact left wing between 17-21 days of incubation and after hatching. The position of labelled motoneuron pools representing individual muscles was determined. In 19-21 day old embryos and in hatched chicks the movement of the ectopic limbs was also studied. HRP histochemistry showed that the ectopic limb muscles of dorsal and ventral embryonic muscle mass origin were innervated by motoneurons located in the lateral and medial parts of the ventral horn, respectively. This is similar to the innervation pattern of normal wing and hindlimb muscles. Despite the ordered motor nerve supply to the ectopic limbs they failed to display any co-ordinated movements characteristic of a normal hindlimb. These observations indicate specific target affinities between pools of motoneurons in the spinal cord segments and appropriate limb muscles, even when the motoneuron pools and the limb are inappropriately matched. Nevertheless, it is evident that the 'wing-like' motor activation pattern of the brachial spinal cord segments is unable to initiate co-ordinated movements of the ectopic hindlimb. PMID- 6614509 TI - Ovarian, oviductal, and adrenal vascular connections in female lizards (genus Anolis). AB - The urogenital blood vessels of Anolis equestris and A. carolinensis were studied using dissection, injection of silicone rubber, and histology. A new blood vascular connection between small veins in the pampiniform plexus at the base of the ovary and an ostial extension of the secondary oviductal vein is described. Chemical messengers could thus be carried in the blood from the ovarian venous drainage to the oviduct. Furthermore, close apposition of the secondary oviductal vein and artery provides an anatomical basis for countercurrent exchange of these messengers. A circular venous arcade, involving the supracardinal vein and branches of the oviductal veins, also is described; this arcade could serve to deliver adrenal hormones to each oviduct. PMID- 6614508 TI - Three-dimensional analysis of dendritic spines. I. Quantitative observations related to dendritic spine and synaptic morphology in cerebral and cerebellar cortices. AB - A total of 212 dendritic spines (108 from the visual and 104 from cerebellar cortices of the mouse) were analyzed in serial sections. Dendritic spines (DS) and synaptic active zones (SAZ) were classified according to their shape, and the following quantitative data were measured: DS stalk and bulb diameters, DS length and volume, number of cisterns of the spine apparatus, DS and SAZ surface areas and their mutual proportions. Quantitative relationships between the spine apparatus and the size of DS and SAZ, between the volume and surface area of DS and between the size of DS and the size of SAZ were studied. Thin, mushroom shaped and stubby DS with simple (circular or oval), complex (perforated, annulate or horseshoe-shaped) and multifocal SAZ were found on terminal branches of pyramidal cell apical dendrites and club-shaped DS with simple (circular or oval) SAZ on spiny branchlets of Purkinje cells. Statistically significant differences were found between all values measured on various DS types in the visual cortex. Linear dependencies of the DS surface area on DS volume and of the SAZ surface area on the DS surface area were established. Only a limited area of DS plasma membrane (7-10%) was occupied by SAZ. This finding indicates a possible functional importance of the SAZ/DS (and possibly also of the total SAZ/total postsynaptic membrane) surface ratio. PMID- 6614510 TI - Light microscopy of the pineal organ of two primitive lizards, Platyurus platyurus and Hemidactylus frenatus. PMID- 6614511 TI - Environmental conditions prerequisite for complete limb regeneration in the postmetamorphic adult land-phase salamander, Ambystoma. AB - Historically, postmetamorphic adult land-phase salamanders have been shown to exhibit minimal to nonexistent limb regeneration. Hence, it has been generally accepted that these forms have lost the intrinsic capacity to regenerate a limb. Due to the experimental protocols used, an alternate explanation is also possible: that this intrinsic capacity cannot be expressed when the salamanders are maintained under adverse laboratory environmental conditions. Therefore, this study addresses two questions: 1) What are the optimal environmental conditions for long-term survival of adult land-phase salamanders; and 2) will complete limb regeneration occur in these salamanders if they are maintained under survival conditions. A mixed population of adult Ambystoma were tested under varying conditions of habitat, temperature, humidity, photoperiod, and food source. Complete limb regeneration was possible in 100% of four species of adult postmetamorphic land-phase Ambystoma salamanders given the proper environmental laboratory conditions of a peat moss and potting soil habitat with a controlled temperature of 25 degrees C +/- 5 degrees C, 70% or greater humidity, a 12/12 light/dark photoperiod, a diet including nightcrawlers released into their respective terraria, and an extended observation time of up to 370 days postamputation (dpa). Regeneration was completed during the following range periods for the adult salamanders: A. annulatum, 324 to 370 dpa; A. maculatum, 255 to 300 dpa; A. texanum, 215 to 250 dpa; and A. tigranum, 155 to 180 dpa. PMID- 6614512 TI - Gross morphological analysis of limb regeneration in postmetamorphic adult Ambystoma. AB - Due to the great disparity between regeneration times for the larval salamander (40 days), axolotl (30+ days), newt (44 days), and adult salamander (155 to 370 days), a staging system was devised so correlative comparisons could be made between regenerative model systems. The sequence was based on two criteria: 1) the stages should be similar to previously reported sequences for the newt, axolotl, and larval salamander, and 2) the stages must be readily recognizable by examination of the external morphology in the living state. Postmetamorphic adult land-phase Ambystoma were amputated through the forearm, placed within survival conditions, and observed until regeneration was completed. Of the initial 160 salamanders, 157 (98%) progressed through 11 clearly defined stages of regeneration. A side-by-side comparison of the staging sequence for land and aquatic phase urodeles is given along with a summary of key external morphological characteristics for the adult salamander. It was noted that as the length of time for regeneration decreased, the relative ratio of the nerves innervating the limb (spinal nerves 4, 5, and 6) increased for the four species of Ambystoma examined: A. annulatum, 324 to 370 days postamputation (dpa) with a 1:1:1 neural tissue ratio; A. maculatum, 255 to 300 dpa with a 2:2:1 ratio; A. texanum, 215 to 250 dpa with a 2:2:2 ratio; and A. tigranum, 155 to 180 dpa with a 2:3:3 ratio. PMID- 6614513 TI - Hypotelorism in trisomy 1-producing mice. AB - Trisomy 1 embryos in mice are smaller in all dimensions, showing a developmental retardation as compared with euploid mice. Very rarely the trisomic embryos develop a typical hypotelorism with holoprosencephalon and missing olfactory nerves. Corneal distances, angles between the optic nerves and further microscopic examination showed no intermediate forms between the trisomy 1 embryos and the rare trisomy 1 embryo with hypotelorism. There seems to be a threshold, beyond which the major developmental derangement occurred. This is an experimental model showing parallels to the occasional varying phenotypes in human trisomies. PMID- 6614514 TI - Effects of age and strain differences on the red nucleus of the mouse mutant Dystonia musculorum. AB - The mouse mutant Dystonia musculorum exhibits pathological changes in the magnocellular neurons of the red nucleus. The present study shows that allelic differences occur in the age of onset and severity of this pathology. The magnocellular neurons of the Jackson allele (dtJ) almost completely disappear prior to 4 weeks of age while some of these cells are retained in the adult of the Albany strain (dtAlb). However, acetylcholinesterase histochemistry suggests that the remaining rubral neurons in dtAlb are nonfunctional. This pathology may contribute to the severe locomotor disturbances seen in these animals. PMID- 6614515 TI - Mesencephalic trigeminal midline ridge formation in sharks, a proposed circumventricular organ: developmental aspects. AB - In scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination of 30 shark brains, a distinctive midline ridge formation on the ventricular surface of the optic tectum was found in all juveniles and adults of the three carcharhinid species (sandbar, dusky, and smooth hound) and the one lamnid species (mako) investigated. This formation is part of the mesencephalic trigeminal (Mes V) complex of these animals, and one of its remarkable features is a population of very large cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting and supraependymal Mes V neuronal somas. These cells, whose presence in the CSF compartment is heralded by distinct premonitory ependymal bulges, are not seen in contact with CSF until the sharks are well into their first postnatal year or later. Once established, the population of CSF-contacting and supraependymal Mes V neurons remains in substantial numbers over the life span of the animals into the period of sexual maturity. Age-related changes in patterns of ependymal ciliation of the midline ridge formation, tending toward a state of oligociliation, are also apparent in all species examined. Similarities between the midline ridge formation of the Mes V complex and known circumventricular organs (CVOs) are discussed and it is suggested that the formation be considered as a previously unrecognized CVO. It is hypothesized that the midline ridge formation with its contingent of CSF immersed neurons, by monitoring one or more CSF factors, might serve to alter the excitability of the Mes V complex as a whole and, thus, regulate intensity of biting reflexes in sharks. PMID- 6614516 TI - Isolation by flow sorting of cytokinetic and morphological heterogeneity in late passage cultures of human diploid fibroblasts (IMR-90). AB - Considerable structural, metabolic, and proliferative heterogeneity develops in populations of cultured diploid cells which have reached advanced levels of population doubling. Isolation of noncycling cells from late-passage cultures would permit more definitive investigation of the structure and behavior of individual senescent cells. In this paper, we report the viable sorting of late passage cultures of human diploid fibroblasts (IMR-90) into two subpopulations of cells with different proliferative potentials. Sorting is based on cellular light scattering properties and autofluorescence. Structural and behavioral features of the subpopulation exhibiting increased forward-angle light scatter are more characteristic of senescent cells than the subpopulation sorted by decreased forward-angle light scatter. PMID- 6614517 TI - Cross-sectional anatomy: preparation of teaching specimens. AB - Forty cross sections of a male cadaver were prepared for a Continuing Medical Education Seminar and have been used in teaching programs for the past 3 years. The sections are easy and inexpensive to construct and can be maintained with a minimal amount of effort. PMID- 6614518 TI - Preoperative prophylactic digitalization of patients with coronary artery disease -a randomized echocardiographic and hemodynamic study. PMID- 6614520 TI - Hemodynamic responses to physostigmine in patients with a drug overdose. AB - Hemodynamic responses to physostigmine were evaluated in eight patients with coma due to overdose with mainly anticholinergic drugs (AC) and in five patients with coma due to overdose with nonanticholinergic drugs (NAC). After correction of hypovolemia, but before administration of physostigmine, AC patients had significantly lower systemic vascular resistances, slightly higher cardiac outputs, and lower mean arterial pressures than NAC patients. Physostigmine produced negligible hemodynamic and, as expected, negligible neurological changes in NAC patients. In AC patients physostigmine produced, also as expected, improved consciousness and in addition significantly increased mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, and cardiac work without significantly affecting systemic vascular resistance. PMID- 6614519 TI - Determinants of d-tubocurarine plasma protein binding in health and disease. AB - d-Tubocurarine protein binding was determined in plasma from normal surgical patients; patients with renal dysfunction; patients with alcoholic cirrhosis; and patients scheduled for coronary artery surgery and was compared with binding determined in solutions of isolated human serum albumin (HSA). The free fraction of d-tubocurarine was independent of plasma drug concentration throughout the range 0.1-3.0 micrograms/ml. The free fraction of d-tubocurarine in renal disease (0.44 +/- 0.05), liver disease (0.53 +/- 0.05), and cardiac disease (0.49 +/- 0.05) was not significantly different from that in normal patients (0.50 +/- 0.04). Furthermore, the free fraction of d-tubocurarine was unrelated to plasma concentrations of total protein, total globulin, albumin, total lipids, or alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in the four patient groups. The free fraction of d tubocurarine (0.55 +/- 0.02, n = 7) in solutions of HSA (0.58 mM) was similar to that observed in plasma. Albumin, therefore, appears to be the major plasma binding protein for d-tubocurarine. PMID- 6614521 TI - Assessment of motor blockade during epidural anesthesia. AB - Motor blockade during epidural anesthesia was assessed using dynamometry to measure the maximum force of plantar flexion, and the Bromage score method. In a randomized double-blind study, 40 orthopedic patients received one of the following four local anesthetics epidurally: 0.5% bupivacaine-HCl (n = 10), 0.5% bupivacaine-CO2 (n = 10), 1.0% etidocaine (n = 10), and 1.5% etidocaine (n = 10), all without addition of a vasoconstrictor. The decrease of force, measured by dynamometry, followed an e function. This function permits the description of motor blockade development using one single number, its half-life. This finding corresponds to the increase of motor nerve fiber blockade due to diffusion of the local anesthetic into the nerve. Dynamometry was more precise than the Bromage score in describing motor blockade. Both the Bromage score and dynamometry produced roughly comparable results of onset, rate of development, and maximum intensity of motor blockade. These parameters of motor blockade were superior after both etidocaine solutions compared to both bupivacaine solutions. Neither carbonization of bupivacaine nor increased concentration of etidocaine significantly improved motor blockade produced by these drugs. Dynamometry is a time consuming and costly method for accurate quantification of motor blockade during epidural anesthesia; the Bromage score is more practical under clinical considerations and provides useful information. PMID- 6614522 TI - Placental passage and uterine effects of fentanyl. AB - Using the chronic maternal-fetal sheep preparation, 27 pregnant ewes were studied to determine the effects of intravenous fentanyl on maternal and fetal physiology, with particular reference to its placental passage, and its effects on uterine blood flow and uterine tone. Three doses of fentanyl were studied--50, 75, and 100 micrograms. Maternal and fetal arterial blood was collected for determination of fentanyl levels. All blood levels, both maternal and fetal, were normalized to the 50-micrograms dose. The maternal normalized blood levels were found to fit a biexponential equation describing a two-compartment open model. The half-life of the maternal elimination phase was 42 +/- 7.0 min with an overall elimination constant (K) of 0.21 min-1. Maternal plasma fentanyl levels decreased very rapidly in the first 10 min after injection, at which time only 9% of the peak value remained. Fentanyl was detectable in fetal blood as early as 1 min and levels peaked at 5 min. Once equilibrium was established between maternal and fetal blood, the maternal levels remained 2.5 times those of the fetal level from 5 min to 60 min after drug injection. Both maternal and fetal drug levels declined in an approximately parallel fashion. No significant deleterious changes were seen in any maternal or fetal cardiovascular or acid-base parameters, and uterine blood flow and uterine tone were also unaffected (P greater than 0.05). PMID- 6614523 TI - Hemodynamic responses to nifedipine in dogs anesthetized with halothane. AB - The interaction of nifedipine and halothane was examined in 19 dogs. Nifedipine (10 micrograms/kg) was infused over 2 min in animals anesthetized with either 1% or 2% halothane. The predominant hemodynamic effect of nifedipine was a short lived reduction (less than 15 min) in mean blood pressure accompanied by a decrease in systemic vascular resistance. During 2% halothane anesthesia hypotension mean blood pressure was greater (P less than 0.05) 15 and 30 min after nifedipine than during 1% halothane. Nifedipine hypotension was initially (2 min) associated with a 23% increase in heart rate and a 22% increase in cardiac output in animals anesthetized with 1% halothane, but during 2% halothane there was no change in heart rate. Changes in dP/dt and contractile force were minimal after nifedipine in both groups. The clinical implications of this study are that nifedipine given during halothane anesthesia may be associated with significant hypotension and that higher concentrations of halothane attenuate the reflex compensatory increase in heart rate. Doses of halothane and nifedipine must be chosen cautiously when the drugs are used together. PMID- 6614525 TI - Pathophysiology of rupture of the pulmonary artery by pulmonary artery balloon tipped catheters. AB - High pressures have been reported in pulmonary artery catheter balloons. This study was undertaken to determine the in vitro rupturing pressures of human peripheral pulmonary arteries and to evaluate whether such pressures could be generated under clinical conditions. The in vitro model then was confirmed in vivo in the dog and the evolution of a rupture of a peripheral pulmonary artery studied. In vitro, pulmonary arteries of subjects under age 60 yr are remarkably resistant and tolerate intra-balloon pressures of 2700 mm Hg in the one mid pulmonary artery studied and up to 4219 +/- 720 mm Hg (mean +/- SD) in the distal pulmonary artery. Subjects over the age of 60 yr have significantly lower rupturing pressures (1965 +/- 540 mm Hg in the mid-pulmonary artery, and 2498 +/- 600 mm Hg in the distal pulmonary artery), (P less than 0.05). Thus overdistension by the balloon may explain most ruptures. Preexisting pulmonary hypertension did not affect in vitro rupturing pressures. Clinicians generated intraballoon mean pressures of 795 +/- 130 mm Hg, with 20% of them generating higher and potentially dangerous pressures (1000 mm Hg or more). The in vitro model was confirmed by in vivo studies in dogs with pressures that cause pulmonary artery rupture. Furthermore, in normal dogs, rupture of a peripheral pulmonary artery was without complications. This suggests that rupture of the peripheral pulmonary artery may occur clinically more frequently than reported. The user of flotation pulmonary arterial catheters should be aware of the dangers associated with this diagnostic tool. In particular, liquids must never be used to inflate pulmonary arterial catheter balloons. PMID- 6614526 TI - Do anesthetics act by altering electron mobility? PMID- 6614524 TI - Epidural bupivacaine, chloroprocaine, or lidocaine for cesarean section--maternal and neonatal effects. AB - The effects of epidural anesthesia on maternal blood pressure, newborn Apgar scores, neonatal acid-base status, and the early neonatal neurobehavioral scale (ENNS) were studied in 54 pregnant women undergoing cesarean section. Maternal and neonatal blood levels of the local anesthetics were also determined. Group 1 (n = 16) received 0.75% bupivacaine, group 2 (n = 18) received 3% chloroprocaine, group 3 (n = 11) received 2% lidocaine, and group 4 (n = 9) received 2% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine. The incidence of maternal hypotension did not differ significantly among the four groups. Fetal outcome as determined by Apgar scores, acid-base status, and neurobehavioral testing was equally good in all four groups. At delivery, the fetal/maternal concentration ratio of bupivacaine was 0.27, that of lidocaine without epinephrine 0.48, and that of lidocaine with epinephrine 0.58. Chloroprocaine was detected in 12 maternal samples, in seven umbilical venous samples, and in six umbilical arterial samples. It is concluded that epidural anesthesia as administered in this study had no adverse effect on the newborn Apgar scores, cord acid-base status, or the ENNS. PMID- 6614527 TI - Superior vena caval obstruction--an unusual complication of heart surgery. PMID- 6614528 TI - Distance from the skin to the lumbar epidural space in an obstetric population. PMID- 6614529 TI - The case for a complete Allen's test. PMID- 6614530 TI - Epidural pentazocine for postoperative pain relief. PMID- 6614531 TI - Blood pressure and heart rate changes during awake fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation. PMID- 6614532 TI - Isoflurane for resection of pheochromocytomas. PMID- 6614533 TI - Error in sampling of exhaled gases. PMID- 6614534 TI - Effect of nitrous oxide solubility on vaporizer aberrance. PMID- 6614535 TI - Controversies in malignant hyperthermia. PMID- 6614536 TI - Dantrolene dose response in awake man: implications for management of malignant hyperthermia. PMID- 6614537 TI - High-frequency jet ventilation in postoperative respiratory failure: determinants of oxygenation. PMID- 6614538 TI - Brain surface protrusion during enflurane, halothane, and isoflurane anesthesia in cats. PMID- 6614539 TI - Use of continuous infusion versus intermittent bolus administration of fentanyl or ketamine during outpatient anesthesia. AB - The intraoperative and postoperative effects of fentanyl and ketamine administered continuously by infusion were compared with those produced by conventional intermittent bolus administration in 100 patients. After a standardized induction with thiopental 4 mg/kg intravenously, patients received either fentanyl (50 micrograms boluses vs. 2 micrograms/ml infusion) or ketamine (25 mg boluses vs. 1 mg/ml infusion) as intravenous adjuvants to nitrous oxide, 70% in oxygen. With continuous infusion, the doses of fentanyl and ketamine required were decreased 45% and 43%, respectively. Similarly, the times to awakening were decreased significantly, 62% and 60%, in the fentanyl and ketamine infusion groups, respectively. Intraoperative side effects (e.g., hypoventilation, hypotension, rigidity) were less frequent in the fentanyl infusion (vs. bolus) group but did not differ in the ketamine groups. Trieger scores were consistent with a more rapid recovery in both infusion groups. Incidences of common postoperative side effects (e.g., nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, dizziness) did not differ significantly between bolus and infusion groups. However, excessive sedation was noted in 48% and 52% of patients in the fentanyl and ketamine bolus groups, respectively, compared with 4% and 8%, respectively, in the infusion groups. Discharge times were decreased by 29% and 13% in the fentanyl and ketamine infusion groups, respectively. The author concludes that continuous infusion fentanyl (0.1 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1) or ketamine (50 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1) significantly decreases the drug dosage requirement, improves intraoperative conditions, and decreases recovery time compared with the traditional intermittent bolus technique. PMID- 6614540 TI - A model for studying depth of anesthesia and acute tolerance to thiopental. PMID- 6614541 TI - Effects of halogenated hydrocarbon anesthetics on responses to ligation of a coronary artery in chronically prepared rats. AB - Responses to ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (blood pressure, heart rate, ECG, arrhythmias, myocardial tissue loss, and mortality) were investigated in chronically prepared rats anesthetized with one of various halogenated hydrocarbon anesthetics. Halothane (inhaled concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0%) reduced arrhythmias, mortality, and "S-T" segment changes in the ECG in a dose-related manner. The most effective antiarrhythmic concentrations were 0.5 and 1.0%. Other halogenated hydrocarbon anesthetics (chloroform, enflurane, isoflurane, methoxyflurane, and trichlorethylene) were investigated at minimal anesthetic concentrations. Of these, only chloroform and enflurane reduced arrhythmias. However, both increased mortality as a result of nonarrhythmic causes. At one-half anesthetic concentrations, chloroform (0.25%) and enflurane (0.75%) were not antiarrhythmic and mortality resulting from nonarrhythmic causes was not increased. In the chronically prepared rat, halothane at anesthetic and subanesthetic concentrations has antiarrhythmic actions against ligation-induced arrhythmias, reducing mortality. Of the other halogenated hydrocarbons tested, only enflurane and chloroform had antiarrhythmic actions, however, mortality was high with both agents because of accompanying cardiovascular depression. PMID- 6614542 TI - Verapamil decreases MAC for halothane in dogs. AB - Verapamil hydrochloride is a calcium entry blocking drug that is being prescribed with increasing frequency for cardiovascular disorders in the perioperative setting. Verapamil's calcium channel blocking effect is not selective, because it also exerts activity on the sodium channel. Because of the well-described effects of sodium channel blockers on anesthetic requirements, the authors studied the MAC for halothane in dogs before and after a therapeutic dose of verapamil 0.5 mg . kg-1. There was a 25% reduction in halothane MAC from 0.97-0.72% (P less than 0.01) when a therapeutic plasma level of verapamil (64 ng . ml-1) was present. Anesthetic requirements for halothane are reduced by dl-verapamil possibly on the basis of its local anesthetic-like sodium channel blocking properties. Adjustments in anesthetic dosage may be necessary in patients receiving verapamil. PMID- 6614543 TI - Measurement of pleural pressure with esophageal balloon in anesthetized humans. AB - Simultaneous measurement of tracheal and esophageal pressures during occluded inspiratory efforts (occlusion test) was used to assess the validity of the esophageal balloon technique in anesthetized supine subjects. Ten ASA 1 patients undergoing general anesthesia (halothane 1 MAC, nitrous oxide 70%, and oxygen) for minor surgery were studied. Esophageal pressure (Pes) was measured using a 5 cm-long balloon and was plotted against tracheal pressure (Pt). Occlusion tests were performed at end expiration with the balloon top positioned 5, 10, 15, and 20 cm above the cardia. The results show that with the balloon positioned at the classical level of 10 cm above the cardia, the difference between delta Pes and delta Pt did not exceed 8% in seven of 10 subjects. In the remaining three, however, the difference between delta Pes and delta Pt ranged between +20% and 40%. By repositioning the balloon to 5 or 15 cm above the cardia, a locus was found in all subjects where the difference is less than 10%. We conclude that the esophageal balloon technique can be used in anesthetized supine subjects to give reliable measurements of changes in pleural pressure, provided that it is validated with the occlusion test. PMID- 6614544 TI - Pulmonary edema secondary to laryngospasm in children. PMID- 6614545 TI - Evaluation of pulse oximetry. PMID- 6614546 TI - An unusual complication of nasotracheal intubation. PMID- 6614547 TI - Safer jugular vein cannulation: recognition of arterial puncture and preferential use of the external jugular route. PMID- 6614548 TI - A complication of nasogastric intubation: pulmonary hemorrhage. PMID- 6614549 TI - Prolongation of the Q-T interval and sudden cardiac arrest following right radical neck dissection. PMID- 6614550 TI - Duchenne's muscular dystrophy and malignant hyperthermia: another warning. PMID- 6614551 TI - Preoperative nifedipin treatment and anesthesia in patients with coronary heart disease. PMID- 6614552 TI - Methadone titration to avoid excessive respiratory depression. PMID- 6614553 TI - Operating room hypoxia. PMID- 6614554 TI - Succinylcholine tachyphylaxis with isoflurane. PMID- 6614555 TI - Presurgical stress and plasma endorphin levels. PMID- 6614556 TI - Acute angulation of a pulmonary artery catheter. PMID- 6614557 TI - Spontaneous rupture of the tympanic membrane occurring in the absence of middle ear disease. PMID- 6614558 TI - [Pulmonary circulation and biomechanics of respiration during bronchoscopy under general anesthesia and mechanical ventilation in patients with suppurative lung diseases]. PMID- 6614559 TI - [The effect of different types of anesthesia on blood coagulating and anticoagulating systems in patients with stomach cancer]. PMID- 6614560 TI - [The effect of hemosorption on rheological properties of the blood]. PMID- 6614561 TI - [Physiopathological aspects of cardiac insufficiency following open-heart surgery]. PMID- 6614562 TI - [Evaluation of the blood stroke volume by electroplethysmography]. PMID- 6614563 TI - [Respiration in de-efferentation syndrome]. PMID- 6614564 TI - [Possibility of complete recovery of CNS functions after prolonged clinical death from drowning]. PMID- 6614565 TI - [The effect of barbiturates on the course of the postresuscitation period after systemic circulation arrest]. PMID- 6614566 TI - [The effect of noradrenaline and dopamine on hemodynamics in shock of chemical etiology]. PMID- 6614567 TI - [Ataralgesia with dipidolor and seduxen in induction anesthesia in patients with concomitant hypertension]. PMID- 6614568 TI - [Comparative evaluation of mask halothane anesthesia and prolonged peridural anesthesia in aged and elderly patients]. PMID- 6614569 TI - [The use of peridural anesthesia with morphine for postoperative analgesia]. PMID- 6614570 TI - [Correction of metabolic alkalosis by intravenous administration of hydrochloric acid]. PMID- 6614571 TI - [Perfusion of the lymphatic system in intensive therapy]. PMID- 6614572 TI - [An intubator for experimental animals]. PMID- 6614573 TI - [The informative value of anthropometry and echocardiography in evaluation of the degree of preoperative cardiac cachexia in cardiosurgical patients]. PMID- 6614574 TI - Retrocerebral endocrine complex of a phthirapteran parasite, Laemobothrion percnopteri (Mallophaga: Amblycera), infesting Indian scavanger vulture. AB - The retrocerebral endocrine complex of Laemobothrion percnopteri Gervais (Phthiraptera: Amblycera) has been described. The neurosecretory cells occur, only in the pars intercerebralis of the brain, in 2 groups of 3 cells each, each group being situated dorsally on the 2 sides of the median line. The perikaryons of nervi corporis cardiac I (NCC I) and their intra-ganglionic pathways are reported. The origin of nervi corporis cardiaci II (NCC II) could not be directly traced. Corpora allata also contain the neurosecretory material. There is no apparent connection between the neurosecretory cells and the aorta. This is the first report of the presence of neurosecretory cells, the neurosecretory material and their pathways in Mallophaga. PMID- 6614575 TI - Effect of anthelmintics on the enzyme activities of Setaria cervi (Nematoda: Filarioidea). AB - The present study deals with the comparative efficacy of Hetrazan, levamisole and tetramisole on the enzyme activities of adult Setaria cervi worms. The drugs were administered orally to white rats, intraperitoneally infected with the bovine filariid, Setaria cervi. Biochemical assays revealed the decreased activities of glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and adenosine triphosphatase in the drug-treated worms. Hetrazan was relatively more effective than tetramisole and levamisole. A possible role of these enzymes in the energy supply and survival of the worm has been briefly discussed. PMID- 6614576 TI - [Population biology aspects of arthropod control]. AB - The present problems of the still predominating chemical control of pests (resistance, side effects) cannot only be compensated by improved active ingredients, formulations, or modes of application. New concepts are of increasing importance. Recent advancements in the field of ecology and genetics of populations are very useful in this respect. Especially the laws of dynamics in abundance and dispersion are of fundamental importance for a selective and effective control. Experiences in population genetics enable us to have a more comprehensive idea of the origin of qualitative alterations in populations, e.g. of resistance. This provides possibilities of derive resistance-preventing measures and test them in the field. To secure a sufficient decrease in abundance without exerting too high a selection pressure in a single direction a scheduled change or a combination of different means of control is desirable, characteristics of the "Integrated Control" or of the "Pest Management". PMID- 6614578 TI - [Anticoagulants and thromboembolic disease]. PMID- 6614577 TI - [Effectiveness, tolerance, and residue formation of trichlorbon 6%-"new" in controlling hypodermyiasis in cattle in the Mongolian People's Republic]. AB - Field trials in more than 3,000 head of cattle proved the efficacy and compatibility of the insecticide Trichlorphon 6%-"neu"--manufactured by the chemical works in Bitterfeld, German Democratic Republic, on the basis of domestic active ingredients--to be equal to the insecticides used until now. The inhibition of the activity of cholinesterase was moderate but longer lasting than with other preparations. The advantages of Trichlorphon 6%-"neu" are the substitution of imported substances by domestic products, prolonged efficacy, and -by a new formulation--its application at temperatures below zero. PMID- 6614579 TI - [Revascularization in late obstructions following aorto-iliac segment surgery]. PMID- 6614580 TI - [Ovarian hemorrhage caused by follicular rupture. An unusual case of a complication of heparin therapy]. PMID- 6614581 TI - [Prevalence of arteriopathies in old age]. PMID- 6614582 TI - Cor triatriatum dextrum and persistent muscle of Lower, presenting as Budd-Chiari syndrome: embryology of a very rare disorder with unique morphologic, physiologic and clinical presentations. PMID- 6614583 TI - Beneficial effect of papaverine plus raubasine in peripheral arterial insufficiency. AB - It has been demonstrated that, in most arteriopathic patients, vasodilators induce the vascular steal phenomenon, i.e. the shunting of blood from the ischemic to the normally perfused areas. It is conceivable, therefore, that vasoconstrictors may improve in the opposite way, reducing the blood flow to the normal zones and increasing it to the ischemic. A "reverse vascular steal" caused by the simultaneous IV injection of a vasodilator and a beta-blocker has been previously shown; however, the chronic treatment of arteriopathic patients with beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs often results in increased evidence of peripheral arterial insufficiency; therefore, the combination of a vasodilating drug with a beta-blocker is limited in the clinical practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the combination of the vasodilator papaverine hydrochloride with a drug having vasoconstrictive action without the undesirable side effects of beta-blockers. Accordingly, raubasine (40 mg) was given p.o. associated with papaverine (300 mg) in 10 arteriopathic patients, who presented a significant reduction of blood flow in the affected limb after the administration of 300 mg p.o. of papaverine alone. The measurements of blood flow were performed by impedance plethysmographic recordings to evaluate papaverine plasma concentrations. Data obtained by this study indicate that papaverine alone induces a significant reduction of blood flow starting from the time of its maximal plasma concentration. Raubasine alone does not induce any change in blood flow, while the combination of the 2 drugs significantly increases the blood supply to the affected limb. These favorable results, probably related to the ability of raubasine to induce a reverse vascular steal, suggest that the combination of this drug with a vasodilator such as papaverine may represent a new approach in the treatment of peripheral arterial insufficiency. PMID- 6614584 TI - Comparison between segmental and selective blood flow volume of the lower limbs: a plethysmographic and ultrasonic study of normal subjects at rest. AB - In order to find the correlations existing between segmental and selective arterial blood flow volume, 20 healthy subjects have been submitted to calf venous occlusion plethysmography and Multichannel Digital Pulsed Doppler examination of the common femoral and popliteal arteries at rest. We found a linear correlation only between mean popliteal artery blood flow volume and plethysmographic calf blood flow volume (r = 0,41; p less than 0,01). We therefore suggest that venous occlusion plethysmography should not be used for the assessment of aorto-iliac and common femoral hemodynamics after direct arterial reconstructive surgery. Its use should be complementary to pulsed Doppler blood flow volume determination at the femoro-popliteal level, along with the usual pressure measurement. PMID- 6614585 TI - Thrombolytic therapy for thromboembolism of vertebrobasilar artery. AB - Thrombolytic therapy was carried out on four patients with brain stem stroke due to thromboembolism of the vertebrobasilar system. Diagnosis was confirmed by angiography. Clinical and instrumental findings indicated a very poor prognosis. Two of these patients were treated with urokinase and the other two with streptokinase for periods ranging from 16 to 44 hours. The interval between onset of symptoms and start of therapy was less than 10 hours for three of these patients. All made a gradual and almost complete recovery after only a few hours of treatment, and only one presented minimal residual neurological disability. The condition of the fourth patient, who started therapy four days after the first episode, remained unchanged until he died 16 hours later. Our observations suggest that thrombolytic therapy may be useful in treating recent acute life threatening brain stem stroke. PMID- 6614586 TI - Type D double aortic arch. Double aortic arch with interruption of its left component proximal to the site of origin of left common carotid artery. AB - Type D double aortic arch in a five year old boy (with interruption of left arch proximal to left common carotid artery)--with persistent ductus arteriosus and stenosis of right and left pulmonary arteries diagnosed during life is reported. At surgery for P.D.A., the anatomy was confirmed. There was no vascular ring. Types A, B and C double aortic arches with interruption of left arch respectively distal to P.D.A., proximal to P.D.A. and proximal to left subclavian artery have already been reported. Ours happens to be the first case of type D double aortic arch diagnosed ante-mortem and confirmed at surgery. PMID- 6614587 TI - The limitations of the digitalized pulse timing oculoplethysmography in the diagnosis of bilateral significant carotid stenosis. AB - To critically analyze the accuracy of the Zira-OPG unit in the diagnosis of carotid stenosis, 161 patients (309 carotid arteries) out of 2500 patients tested were reviewed in comparison with angiogram. For practical purposes these patients were divided into several groups: 92 out of 101 normal arteries by OPG were confirmed by angiogram (91% true negative). Fifty-three out of 61 arteries with significant unilateral stenosis by OPG were confirmed by angiogram (87% true positive). Thirty-two out of 40 patients with significant stenosis on one side and mild on the other were picked by the OPG (80% true positive). Fifteen out of 27 patients with bilateral significant stenosis were confirmed by OPG (56%). Twelve out of 13 completely occluded arteries were confirmed by OPG. This unit is practical in detecting normal arteries, unilateral significant stenosis and bilateral disease if one side is mild but very limited in bilateral significant stenosis. PMID- 6614588 TI - Toe pulse wave analysis in obliterating atherosclerosis. AB - photoplethysmographic measurements were carried out in 61 limbs with angiographically documented obliterating atherosclerosis (OA) and in 72 limbs with OA. The distance P was measured between the ascending and descending limbs of the pulse wave at the border of the upper and middle thirds of the amplitude. To standardize the measurements the P value was divided by the length L of the pulse wave (P/L ratio). Using 95% confidence limit in the group of healthy young individuals, 80.8% of the lower limbs with obliterating atherosclerosis without occlusion (OAWO) and 100% of those with complete occlusion (OAWCO) were revealed. In the group of healthy individuals (average age 50 years), 69.8% of lower limbs with OAWO and 100% of those with OAWCO were found. This method showed the higher number of detected OAWO when compared with peripheral systolic pressure measurements. PMID- 6614589 TI - Post embolectomy thrombosis treated with intra-arterial streptokinase. AB - A case is presented which demonstrates the occasional need for selective intra arterial streptokinase when re-thrombosis has occurred following catheter thromboembolectomy of a peripheral artery. It is recommended that repeat embolectomy be carried out and all mechanical causes for re-thrombosis be excluded before resorting to fibrinolysis. The literature citing other indications for selective arterial use of streptokinase is reviewed. PMID- 6614590 TI - Biochemical polymorphisms in goats with special reference to the Hungarian Native breed. AB - Biochemical polymorphisms (haemoglobin, serum transferrin, serum albumin, serum amylase, red cell phosphohexose isomerase, red cell carbonic anhydrase, ceruloplasmin and aryl esterase) of 224 Hungarian Native female goats and 21 imported male goats (German Improved, Saanen, Nubian, Slovakian White) have been studied. On the basis of the observed gene frequency values these polymorphic traits cannot be used efficiently in parentage control work or in correlation studies. There was no apparent association between the haemoglobin and transferrin type of the females and their reproductive performance. PMID- 6614591 TI - Relationships between rare breeds of sheep in the Netherlands as based on blood typing. AB - Genetic distances between seven Dutch rare breeds of sheep were established as based upon blood groups and biochemical polymorphisms. A rather close relationship was observed between three breeds of heath sheep (Drente, Veluwe and Kempen) and the Schoonebeker sheep. The Mergelland sheep was less related to this cluster. The largest distances were between Friesian sheep and Black Blaze sheep and all others. PMID- 6614592 TI - Genetic variation at a pig serum protein locus, Po-2 and its assignment to the Phi, Hal, S, H, Pgd linkage group. AB - Two-dimensional agarose gel (pH 5.4)-polyacrylamide gel (pH 9.0) electrophoresis of pig serum samples revealed a new serum protein (postalbumin-2, PO-2) polymorphism. Family data supported the hypothesis that the three PO-2 phenotypes observed were controlled by two codominant, autosomal alleles (Po-2F and Po-2s) at a single locus. The frequency of Po-2F in Swedish Landrace and in Swedish Yorkshire breeds was estimated at 0.74 and 0.65, respectively. Evidence was presented for close genetic linkage between Po-2 and the red cell phosphohexose isomerase locus (Phi). A recombination frequency of 3.2% was obtained from double backcross material. Data obtained in a Danish Landrace material showing linkage between the Po-2 locus and the H blood group locus, the Pgd locus and Hal (locus for halothane sensitivity) are also given. A total of seven recombinants were observed. They show that Po-2 is a new locus in a previously established linkage group. The likely sequence of the loci is: Phi, Hal, S, H, Po-2, Pgd. PMID- 6614593 TI - Genetic linkage between the loci for phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) and a serum protein (Xk) in horses. AB - Genetic linkage between the equine loci for phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) and serum Xk protein was demonstrated by means of segregation data from three sire families. The recombination frequency was estimated from pooled data to be 0.23 +/- 0.02; a significant heterogeneity between sires for estimates of the recombination frequency was observed. No indication of linkage was detected between Xk and 14 other blood marker loci. Linkage between the Xk locus and the locus for soluble malic enzyme (ME1) has recently been reported in horses. An equine linkage group designated LG IV comprising the three loci ME1, PHI, and Xk has thus been established. The possibility that the linkage between PHI and Xk is homologous to the linkage between the loci for PHI and a serum postalbumin (PO-2) in pigs was discussed. PMID- 6614594 TI - The genetic influence on serum haemolytic complement levels in cattle. AB - Total serum haemolytic complement (HC) activity has been determined in 130 young bulls of the Norwegian Red Cattle Breed (NRF). A highly significant sire effect (p less than 0.01) on HC with a corresponding heritability of about 0.75 was estimated. Evidence of any simple mode of inheritance is not produced but the distribution patterns of HC indicate influences of relatively few genes. PMID- 6614595 TI - Electrophoretic variations of proteins in the tree sparrow, Passer montanus. PMID- 6614596 TI - Genetics of four plasma protein loci in Equus przewalskii: new alleles at the prealbumin, postalbumin and transferrin loci. AB - This paper reports genetic variation at the prealbumin (Pr), postalbumin (Pa) and transferrin (Tf) loci in Equus przewalskii found using thin layer isoelectric focusing and an amphoteric separator. The method resolves all three loci plus serum esterase (Es) on a single gel, and typing of all four loci is readily achieved. In addition to the esterase alleles previously reported by Fisher & Scott (1979), five alleles were found at the Pr locus, three at the Pa locus and six at the Tf locus. Analysis of several mating types confirms inheritance is autosomal and codominant for all four loci. PMID- 6614597 TI - Joint report of the First International Workshop on Lymphocyte Alloantigens of the Horse held 24-29 October 1981. AB - Six equine lymphocyte alloantigen (ELA) specificities were defined by an international antiserum comparison test and workshop held in 1981. Twelve laboratories from four countries submitted 195 antisera for analysis. The antisera were exchanged among the 12 laboratories and tested in a standard lymphocyte microcytoxicity assay against the isolated lymphocytes at 1009 horses of several breeds. The data was pooled and analysed by a single computer analysis. The calculated chi 2 values of all cells with all antisera provided comparisons between antisera. Fifteen antisera clusters were formed by this analysis, but only six of these clusters met the criteria established by the workshop for the identification of ELA antigens. No horses of the cell panel positively reacted with more than two of these six specificities. The consensus of the participants, although not substantiated in this workshop, was that these six clusters of antisera define alleles of a single genetic region, the ELA region, and it is likely that this genetic region is the major histocompatibility complex of the horse. PMID- 6614598 TI - Angioedema and multiple myeloma. I. PMID- 6614599 TI - Inhibition of compound 48/80 induced mediator release following oral administration of tiaramide hydrochloride in normal subjects. AB - The ability of tiaramide hydrochloride (RHC 2592) to inhibit cutaneous reactivity was studied using 11 normal volunteers. After repeated administration tiaramide hydrochloride inhibited cutaneous mast cell mediator release induced by compound 48/80 while not affecting histamine-induced cutaneous reactivity. This is the first demonstration in man of an oral agent with such an effect. PMID- 6614600 TI - Measurement of responsiveness to inhaled histamine: comparison of FEV1 and SGaw. AB - The histamine provocation concentration producing a 20% reduction in FEV1 (PC20 FEV1) and that producing a 35% reduction in SGaw (PC35-SGaw) were determined on two different days in 16 asthmatics and 27 normal subjects. The PC20-FEV1 showed good separation between asthmatics and normals. All asthmatics had PC20 less than 8 mg/ml and only one normal had a PC20 slightly below 8 mg/ml. Separation was not quite as good for PC35-SGaw. All asthmatics had a PC35 less than or equal to 3 mg/ml, but four (15%) normals also had a PC35 less than 3 mg/ml. Comparison of individual points revealed that the PC35-SGaw was consistently approximately four fold lower than the PC20-FEV1 in normals, mildly hyperreactive asthmatics and moderately hyperreactive asthmatics, but was greater than or equal to PC20-FEV1 in markedly hyperreactive asthmatics. This is consistent with inspiration-induced inhibition of bronchoconstriction during PC20-FEV1 testing in the former groups and inspiration-induced enhancement of bronchoconstriction in the latter group. We conclude that the FEV1 is clinically acceptable to measure the response to a bronchoconstricting agent and that FEV may be preferable to SGaw because of better separation of asthmatics from other groups. PMID- 6614601 TI - Angioedema and multiple myeloma. II. PMID- 6614602 TI - The diagnostic approach to immediate hypersensitivity in patients with allergic rhinitis; a comparison of nasal challenges and serum rast. AB - Nasal challenges performed in 182 patients with allergic rhinitis revealed 273 positive and 125 negative responses to house dust, grass pollen, cat and dog danders and aspergillus fumigatus, which all correlated with disease history and intracutaneous tests. In these randomly selected patients the specific IgE antibodies in the serum to the same allergens as those used for nasal challenges were determined quantitatively by serum RAST. Additionally, blood and nasal eosinophilia were recorded during the nasal provocation tests. In all 273 positive challenges protection tests with disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) were also performed. In 24.2% of the positive nasal challenges serum RAST was found positive and in 18.7% of them serum RAST was doubtful. In 52% of the negative nasal challenges negative serum RAST also occurred. No significant correlation was found between serum RAST and nasal challenges (X2 = 0.92; d.f. = 1; 0.20 less than p less than 0.40). No significant correlation was found between serum RAST and nasal challenges for individual allergens tested. Since the nasal provocation test is an in vivo technique, it is likely to be of value for the diagnostic confirmation of the allergic component (due to immediate hypersensitivity) in patients with allergic rhinitis than serum RAST alone. Although serum RAST cannot substitute the nasal provocation tests, it may be a useful supplementary diagnostic parameter. PMID- 6614603 TI - Pneumothorax as a complication of acupuncture in the treatment of bronchial asthma. PMID- 6614604 TI - Relationship of blood pressure and flow during CPR to chest compression amplitude: evidence for an effective compression threshold. AB - This study was conducted to investigate the importance of the depth of chest compression in producing effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in animals, as indicated by cardiac output and mean arterial blood pressure. Cardiac output was measured by a modified indicator dilution technique in 8 anesthetized dogs, 6 to 12 kg body weight, during repeated 2-minute episodes of electrically induced ventricular fibrillation and CPR provided by a mechanical chest compressor and ventilator (Thumper). Chest compression exceeding a threshold value (xo) between 1.5 and 3.0 cm was required in each animal to produce measurable cardiac output. In particular, cardiac output (CO) was linearly related to chest compression depth (x) by an expression of the form CO = a(x-xo) for x greater than xo. The mean value of xo was 2.3 cm. A similar threshold for measurable blood pressure was observed in 7 of the 8 dogs, with a mean value of 1.8 cm. For chest compression of 2.5 cm or greater, relatively modest increases in chest compression depth caused relatively large changes in cardiac output. PMID- 6614605 TI - Out-of-hospital pulmonary edema: diagnosis and treatment. AB - Sixty-two patients diagnosed by paramedics as having acute cardiac pulmonary edema out of the hospital were studied. The paramedic prehospital diagnosis as confirmed by an emergency physician, chest film, and hospital admission evaluation was correct in 55 of 62 patients (89%). In the group with acute cardiac pulmonary edema, 64% demonstrated cardiac dysrhythmias, including cardiac arrest, prior to the patient's hospitalization. Therapy administered by the paramedics was beneficial in that most patients had improved on arrival at the hospital. Six of the 10 patients (60%) sustaining cardiac arrest were successfully resuscitated. Acute cardiac pulmonary edema occurring outside the hospital is commonly associated with significant complications, including life threatening arrhythmias. Well-trained paramedics are capable of quickly diagnosing and treating acute cardiac pulmonary edema outside the hospital setting. PMID- 6614606 TI - Accuracy of standard radiographic views in detecting cervical spine fractures. AB - Recent studies have challenged the accuracy of standard radiographs for detecting cervical spine injuries. We used thin-section tomography to determine the accuracy of the cross-table lateral view (CTLV) alone, and the three standard emergency department views (CTLV, anteroposterior, and open-mouth) together, for detecting acute cervical spine fractures. Seventy-one patients with blunt cervical spine injuries had thin-section tomography performed for the following indications: fracture, dislocation, or suspicious findings on standard radiographs; or persistent severe pain or neurologic deficit. Tomography detected acute fractures in 44 of the 71 patients. The CTLV had a sensitivity of 82%, specificity of 70%, and accuracy of 77% for detecting patients with fractures. The three standard views had a corresponding sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 93%, 71%, and 84%, respectively. Eight patients with fractures had the CTLV interpreted as normal, and three patients with fractures had all three standard views interpreted as normal. The use of thin-section tomography is recommended when there are suspicious radiographic or clinical findings suggesting a severe cervical spine injury. PMID- 6614607 TI - Seizures in relation to head injury. AB - Seizures have a two-fold relationship with head injury: they can cause a head injury, or they can be the result of a head injury. We compare these two groups in terms of cause, severity, likelihood of sequelae, outcome, radiological investigation, and surgical intervention. Of 702 patients admitted with a head injury to Cook County Hospital (CCH), 25 patients (3.6%) had seizures causing a head injury (Group 1). Another 29 patients (4.1%) experienced a head injury which caused a seizure (Group 2). The remaining 648 patients (Group 3) had no seizure involvement in relation to their injury. Group 1 and Group 3 were similar in terms of severity and sequelae. Group 2, in which a statistically significant increase in both was noted, was dramatically different. It thus appears that seizures indicate increased severity and sequelae in a head injury only when they result from that injury, and not when they cause it. The emergency physician must thus be prepared to distinguish these two situations, for patients in Group 2 have an increased need for neuroradiologic procedures and neurosurgical intervention. PMID- 6614608 TI - CPR: separating the wheat from the chaff. PMID- 6614609 TI - Evaluating the medical literature. Part I: Abstract, introduction, methods. AB - In this installment on critical evaluation of medical literature, we have discussed the Abstract, Introduction, and Methods sections. A great deal of information is placed in the methodology section of any paper. To critically evaluate a research publication, one must evaluate the methodology, for evaluation of the results of an investigation is meaningless if the methodology is unsound. PMID- 6614610 TI - A transcribed emergency record at minimum cost. AB - We have developed a new method of implementing a transcribed emergency record at minimum cost. Dictated emergency records are typed immediately by a transcriber located in the emergency department. This member of the medical record transcriber pool is given other non-urgent medical record material to type when there are no emergency records to type. The costs are reduced to the same level as routine medical records transcription. In 1982, 19,892 of the total 28,000 emergency records were transcribed by adding only 1.35 full-time equivalents (FTEs) to the transcriber pool. The remaining charts were handwritten because insufficient funds had been allocated to type all emergency records. The transcriber is capable of typing a maximum of 64 charts, averaging 13 lines (156 words) each, per 8-hour shift. The service can be phased in gradually as funds for transcribing the emergency record are allocated to the central transcriber pool. PMID- 6614611 TI - Caustic ingestion. PMID- 6614612 TI - Heterodoxy and orthodoxy. PMID- 6614613 TI - Chest pain variant asthma. AB - We present the cases of three patients who initially presented with chest pain but were ultimately diagnosed as having asthma. None had audible wheezing. A diagnosis of asthma was entertained and ultimately supported by a clinical response to bronchodilator therapy. Only one patient had significant but intermittent documentable reversible airway obstruction, while another had marked sensitivity to methacholine bronchial challenge. Two patients required short courses of oral corticosteroids before symptom ablation. PMID- 6614614 TI - Anaphylactoid reaction to zomepirac. AB - Circulatory collapse and respiratory arrest occurred in a young woman shortly after taking 200 mg of zomepirac for relief of headache. She had no history of drug hypersensitivity and had tolerated zomepirac without adverse effects 18 months prior to this reaction. The patient was successfully treated and suffered no sequelae. PMID- 6614615 TI - Neurologic complications following immobilization of cervical spine fracture in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis. AB - Axial traction is widely recommended for stabilization of cervical spine fractures. This procedure may be inappropriate and even dangerous in patients with long-standing ankylosing spondylitis (AS). We present the case of an 80-year old woman with AS who fell at home and suffered an unstable large C5-C6 fracture/dislocation associated with left-sided weakness and decreased sensation. Medical treatment included placing her neck in a neutral position, despite her preference for neck flexion. This procedure increased her pain and paresthesias; the complications decreased, but did not entirely resolve, when the patient resumed a semi-flexed position. This patient's neurologic sequelae may have been exacerbated by attempts to stabilize her neck in a neutral position. Standard stabilization recommendations should be appropriately altered in some patients with cervical spine AS. PMID- 6614616 TI - Brown-Sequard syndrome following heroin injection. AB - Reported is a case of Brown-Sequard syndrome following attempted heroin injection into the right external jugular vein. A right-sided hemiparalysis with a contralateral sensory loss of touch, pain, proprioception, and temperature developed over several hours to the C3 dermatome level. A myelogram showed a vasculitis pattern in the lower cervical region. Treatment was with high-dose dexamethasone for ten days. After six weeks of inpatient physical therapy, only minimal motor and sensory return was seen. Although this syndrome is usually due to lateral hemisection of the spinal cord by a stab wound or a gunshot wound, in this case we believe it resulted from chemical transection due to the heroin or quinine diluent or both. PMID- 6614618 TI - Phenytoin sodium in oxygen-toxicity-induced seizures. PMID- 6614617 TI - Safety of phenylpropranolamine. PMID- 6614619 TI - Blood alcohol concentrations using non-alcohol- and alcohol-containing skin antiseptics. PMID- 6614620 TI - FEC organic brain syndrome. PMID- 6614621 TI - Sanctions and the diversity of ethical complaints against psychologists. PMID- 6614622 TI - Let's end the duel. PMID- 6614623 TI - DSM-III. Do psychologists really want an alternative? PMID- 6614624 TI - A woman's view of DSM-III. PMID- 6614625 TI - The issue of sex bias in DSM-III. A critique of "A Woman's View of DSM-III" by Marcie Kaplan. PMID- 6614626 TI - An empirical study of the issue of sex bias in the diagnostic criteria of DSM-III axis II personality disorders. PMID- 6614627 TI - The DSM-III. An insider's perspective. PMID- 6614628 TI - Television and behavior. Research conclusions of the 1982 NIMH report and their policy implications. PMID- 6614629 TI - Recidivism and self-cure of smoking and obesity: data from population studies. PMID- 6614630 TI - Obesity and psychiatrogenics: comment on Schachter. PMID- 6614631 TI - Self-changers versus therapy changers versus Schachter. PMID- 6614632 TI - Ecclesiastes reread. PMID- 6614633 TI - Acute effects of grain dust exposure during a work shift. AB - We studied 248 grain handlers and 192 city services workers (control subjects) before and after an 8-h work shift and measured total dust levels using personal samplers. We found that grain workers exposed to a mean total dust level of 3.3 +/- 7.0 mg/m3, when compared with control subjects, had (1) a higher prevalence of work-related respiratory symptoms (p less than 0.05) and significant decrements in forced-expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and maximal flow rates after exhalation 50 and 75% of forced vital capacity (Vmax50 and Vmax75) during the work shift, and (2) significant differences (p less than 0.05) in preshift/postshift percent changes in forced vital capacity (FVC), Vmax50 and Vmax75. Adjusting for age, height, and smoking habit, grain handling still had a significant negative effect on FVC, Vmax50, and Vmax75. In grain workers, we found a significant (p less than 0.05) negative relationship between total dust levels and the percent change in FVC, Vmax50, and Vmax75 and a positive relationship between dust level and percent change in leukocyte counts. Grain workers' perception of dust level correlated with the measured dust level and the prevalence of symptoms. Occupational exposure to grain dust during a work shift has a dose-related adverse acute respiratory effect regardless of smoking habit, atopic status, or age, and it produces a dose-related leukocyte response at total dust levels below 15 mg/m3. PMID- 6614634 TI - Distribution of forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second in children 6 to 11 years of age. PMID- 6614635 TI - Statistical "biases" in respiratory disability determinations. AB - The manner in which pulmonary function test results are employed in the assessment of respiratory disability may be affected by 4 statistical choices: (1) choice of prediction equation(s), (2) adjustment factors (such as sex and race), (3) criterion values, and (4) method of comparison of observed to predicted normal test values. The records of 900 respiratory disability applicants were employed to estimate the direction and magnitude of the effect of these choices on the overall number of persons who would be declared "disabled" and upon the manner in which personal characteristics (e.g., sex, race, height, age) affect the likelihood of being declared "disabled." Choice of prediction equation had minor effects, and adjustment for race and sex had more significant effects. Choice of criterion value affected the overall number and, in certain instances (e.g., Social Security Disability Insurance), the distribution of "disability" declarations. Method of comparison (percent of predicted, difference of predicted minus observed or minimal value criterion) had major effects upon the distribution of "disability" declarations between population subgroups. Preliminary analysis therefore suggests that these statistical choices should be carefully manipulated in the design of a disability system to facilitate achievement of the system's goals. PMID- 6614636 TI - Undesirable side effects of isoniazid and rifampin in largely twice-weekly short course chemotherapy for tuberculosis. AB - Between January 1976 and June 1981, 814 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were treated for 9 months with isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RIF), daily for 1 month and twice weekly for the other 8 months. Overall success was achieved in 95% of the 586 patients who completed therapy: in 15 patients (2.9%), sputum cultures failed to convert to negative during therapy, and 10 patients (1.7%) have relapsed since stopping the chemotherapy. Major toxic effects occurred in 22 patients; in 14 during the daily phase and in 8 during the twice-weekly phase. Hepatic toxicity occurred in 13 patients during daily and in 5 during twice weekly treatment, and it was caused by RIF in 5, INH in 10, and was undetermined in 3. Hematologic abnormalities developed in 4 patients: in 1 during the daily and in 3 during the twice-weekly phase. Minor side effects, which were not life threatening, were encountered in 62 patients: in 35 during the daily and in 27 during the twice-weekly therapy. These were gastrointestinal intolerance in 18, drug fever in 27 (including 11 with "flu-syndrome" during twice-weekly administration), cutaneous rashes in 14, and headache, general malaise, and weakness in 3. These side effects were produced by RIF in 43, by INH in 18, and the responsible drug was not identified in 1. Hypersensitivity reactions to twice weekly administration of RIF were infrequent. Clinical surveillance for toxicity is preferred over routine and regular biochemical monitoring. PMID- 6614637 TI - Abnormal respiratory pattern generation during sleep in patients with autonomic dysfunction. PMID- 6614638 TI - Airway responses to sulfate and sulfuric acid aerosols in asthmatics. An exposure response relationship. AB - Epidemiologic studies support an association between elevated levels of sulfates and increased symptoms in asthmatics. To determine if these pollutants produce airway responses, 17 asthmatics inhaled the following sulfates: sodium bisulfate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate (NH4HSO4), or sulfuric acid (H2SO4) aerosols with an aerodynamic diameter of 0.80 micron at concentrations of 100 micrograms/m3, 450 micrograms/m3, and 1,000 micrograms/m3. A sodium chloride (NaCl) aerosol of similar characteristics, administered by double-blind randomization, served as a control. Subjects breathed these aerosols for a 16 minute period via a mouthpiece. Deposition studies showed 54 to 65% retention of the inhaled aerosols. At the 1,000 micrograms/m3 concentration, the Threshold Limit Value for occupational exposure, H2SO4 and NH4HSO4 inhalation produced significant reductions in specific airway conductance (SGaw) (p less than 0.05) and forced expiratory volume in one second (p less than 0.01) compared with NaCl or pre-exposure values. At the 450 micrograms/m3 concentration, only H2SO4 inhalation produced a significant reduction in SGaw (p less than 0.01). At 100 micrograms/m3, a level 3 to 5 times greater than peak urban levels, no significant change in airway function occurred after any sulfate exposure. These data indicate that asthmatics demonstrate bronchoconstriction after brief exposure to common acidic sulfate pollutants. PMID- 6614639 TI - Comparison of lung sound and transmitted sound amplitude in normal men. PMID- 6614640 TI - Hyperoxia damages cultured endothelial cells causing increased neutrophil adherence. AB - Exposure of cultured bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells to hyperoxia (95% O2) caused cellular injury manifested by decreased growth rates and release of cytoplasmic lactic dehydrogenase (LDH). In addition, a greater number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) adhered to endothelial cells that had been exposed to hyperoxia for 24 or 48 h than to control endothelial cells that had been exposed to normoxia (15% O2). Direct endothelial cell injury from hyperoxia may contribute to vascular damage and the increased PMN accumulation seen in lungs of animals exposed to hyperoxia. PMID- 6614641 TI - Urine desmosine is unrelated to cigarette smoking or to spirometric function. AB - We measured urine desmosine by radioimmunoassay in 157 subjects. Desmosine excretion (expressed as desmosine/creatinine ratio) did not correlate with ventilatory function (assessed by spirometry) or with current smoking status or total lifetime cigarette consumption. We conclude that measurement of urine desmosine may not be useful as an indirect measurement of elastolysis in cigarette smokers. PMID- 6614642 TI - Long-term high-frequency ventilation in dogs. AB - The lungs of 11 anesthetized dogs (with or without preexisting lung disease) were ventilated for 36 h by high-frequency, small-volume ventilation (HFV) to determine the effects of HFV on pulmonary gas exchange, mechanical properties of the respiratory system, and function of the cardiovascular system. For comparison, the lungs of 5 other anesthetized dogs without preexisting lung disease were ventilated with conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) for a similar period. All dogs without preexisting lung disease whose lungs were ventilated with either HFV or CMV maintained satisfactory respiratory and cardiovascular functions for the duration of the study. After 36 h of HFV, no evidence for changes in the mechanical behavior of the lungs was detected. Small amounts of transudates were observed in the pleural space of all dogs ventilated with HFV; no dog ventilated with CMV had pleural effusions. PMID- 6614643 TI - The relevance in adults of air-flow obstruction, but not of mucus hypersecretion, to mortality from chronic lung disease. Results from 20 years of prospective observation. AB - From 1954 to 1961, pulmonary function was assessed in 2,718 British men by forced expiratory maneuvers, and mucus hypersecretion and smoking habits were assessed by questionnaires. In 20 to 25 yr of follow-up, 104 men (all of whom had smoked) died of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The risk of death from COPD was strongly correlated with the initial degree of air-flow obstruction. Among men with similar initial air-flow obstruction, however, age-specific COPD death rates were not significantly related to initial mucus hypersecretion, supporting the concept that air-flow obstruction and mucus hypersecretion are largely independent disease processes. A moderate relationship existed between initial mucus hypersecretion and subsequent lung cancer mortality, but it is not known whether this was due solely to a common correlation of both conditions with the effective degree of exposure of the large bronchi to causative factors such as tobacco smoke. PMID- 6614644 TI - Effects of obesity on respiratory function. AB - Obesity, because it alters the relationship between the lungs, chest wall, and diaphragm, has been expected to alter respiratory function. We studied 43 massively obese but otherwise normal, nonsmoking, young adults with spirometry, lung volume measurement by nitrogen washout, and single-breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO). Changes in respiratory function were of two types, those that changed in proportion to degree of obesity--expiratory reserve volume (ERV) and DLCO--and those that changed only with extreme obesity--vital capacity, total lung capacity, and maximal voluntary ventilation. When compared with commonly used predicting equations, we found that mean values of subjects grouped by degree of obesity were very close to predicted values, except in those with extreme obesity in whom weight (kg)/height (cm) exceeded 1.0. In 29 subjects who lost a mean of 56 kg, significant increases in vital capacity, ERV, and maximal voluntary ventilation were found, along with a significant decrease in DLCO. Because most subjects fell within the generally accepted 95% confidence limits for the predicted values, we concluded that obesity does not usually preclude use of usual predictors. An abnormal pulmonary function test value should be considered as caused by intrinsic lung disease and not by obesity, except in those with extreme obesity. PMID- 6614645 TI - Enhanced tracheal mucus clearance with high frequency chest wall compression. AB - The clearance of mucus in the trachea during high frequency chest wall compression (HFCWC) was studied in nine anesthetized dogs. High frequency chest wall compression was applied by oscillating the pressure in a thoracic cuff such that it produced oscillatory tidal volumes of 25 to 100 cc at frequencies of 3 to 17 Hz. The tracheal mucus clearance rate (TMCR) was determined by direct observation of the rate of displacement of a charcoal particle spot by means of a fiberoptic bronchoscope. Baseline TMCR during spontaneous breathing averaged 8.2 +/- 5.6 mm/min in the 9 dogs. The TMCR during 2 min of HFCWC was increased at 5, 8, 11, 13, 15, and 17 Hz but not at 3 Hz. The enhancement of clearance was most pronounced in the range of 11 to 15 Hz, reaching a peak value of 340% of control at 13 Hz. These studies suggest that HFCWC might be of considerable potential benefit as a mode of chest physiotherapy. PMID- 6614646 TI - Human alveolar macrophage support of lymphocyte responses to mitogens and antigens. Analysis and comparison with autologous peripheral-blood-derived monocytes and macrophages. AB - Observations from animal studies and investigations using human peripheral-blood derived macrophages may not be representative of human alveolar macrophage functions. Thus, we extensively examined and compared accessory cell functions of autologous human alveolar macrophages and peripheral-blood-derived monocytes and macrophages obtained from healthy, nonsmoking volunteer subjects. The alveolar and peripheral-blood-derived cells differed in ability to enhance mitogen- and antigen-stimulated transformation responses of purified autologous lymphocytes. Peripheral-blood-derived cells supported greater lymphocyte responses to optimal concentrations of several mitogens, but alveolar macrophages supported much greater responses to suboptimal concentrations of the mitogen phytohemagglutinin. Peripheral-blood-derived macrophages supported, but alveolar macrophages did not support, lymphocyte responses to streptococcal and influenza virus antigens. Such relative accessory cell functions of the different macrophages and monocytes were not due to different kinetics of response, nor were they due to differences in the proportion of macrophages required to support the lymphocyte responses. These data indicate that human alveolar macrophages have functional characteristics different from autologous peripheral-blood-derived monocytes and macrophages. Such differences may be important in both pulmonary immune homeostasis and in the pathogenesis of pulmonary disease. PMID- 6614648 TI - Paragonimiasis in Indochinese refugees. Roentgenographic findings with clinical correlations. AB - Twenty-five Indochinese refugees with paragonimiasis were reviewed. Thirteen patients were diagnosed by ova identification in sputum specimens, but 12 patients were diagnosed by an elevated complement fixation titer in conjunction with clinical and epidemiologic criteria. Roentgenographic lesions included diffuse (44%) and segmental (24%) infiltrates, nodules (20%), and cavities (20%). The classic ring shadow was present in only 8%. Of note was the frequency of pleural effusions (48%), which were massive in 6 patients and the sole manifestation in 5. Although tuberculosis should always be excluded, work-up of pulmonary effusions and infiltrates in immigrants from Southeast Asia should include a serologic and microbiologic search for paragonimiasis. PMID- 6614647 TI - Acute NO2 effects on penetration and transport of horseradish peroxidase in hamster respiratory epithelium. PMID- 6614649 TI - Synergistic effects on rat lungs of mixtures of oxidant air pollutants (ozone or nitrogen dioxide) and respirable aerosols. AB - A hitherto unexpected synergism between the oxidant air pollutants ozone or nitrogen dioxide and a respirable-sized aerosol of ammonium sulfate was observed during controlled exposures of rats to these substances. Response of rat lungs to these pollutants was quantitated by measurement of apparent collagen synthesis rates in vitro by lung minces from exposed animals. Dose-response curves to either O3 or NO2 were altered in the presence of 5 mg/m3 of (NH4)2SO4 aerosol. Morphometric and histologic observations of lungs from rats exposed to high levels of ozone, with and without concurrent exposure to the (NH4)2SO4 particles, confirmed such synergistic effects. In a separate set of experiments, rats were exposed at near ambient levels to mixtures of ozone and sulfuric acid aerosol (submicron-sized aerosol). Potentiation of ozone effects on lung collagen synthesis rates was also observed in these experiments. These observations may have broad implications for the appropriate evaluation of laboratory data in the setting of ambient air quality standards and/or threshold limit values for occupational safety. PMID- 6614650 TI - Chronic pulmonary infection caused by Mycobacterium terrae complex: a resected case. AB - A case of localized cavitary disease in lung with multiple isolations of Mycobacterium terrae complex from the patient's sputum is presented. The patient's past history and clinical tests supported his immunologic competency. Prolonged cavitary disease with persistent positive sputum led him to submit to right lower lobe resection after 5 months of chemotherapy. Innumerable isolates of the same mycobacteria from the resected cavity with a compatible histopathologic finding supported Mycobacterium terrae complex as the definitive etiologic agent in this case. PMID- 6614651 TI - Allergic bronchopulmonary helminthosporiosis. PMID- 6614652 TI - Common bile duct strictures associated with chronic pancreatitis. AB - Common bile duct (CBD) strictures associated with chronic pancreatitis may cause significant hepatobiliary disease. Nine patients with chronic alcohol-related pancreatitis and CBD obstruction requiring operative biliary or pancreatobiliary decompression are reported. Alkaline phosphatase was the most specific biochemical indicator of cholestasis. Abnormal CBD anatomy was delinated accurately in 89 per cent of cases with percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). All strictures were localized to the intrapancreatic portion of the distal CBD. Pancreatic pseudocysts (PPC) were identified in six (67%) cases. All nine patients underwent biliary decompression. Simultaneous PPC drainage or pancreatic duct decompression (Peustow procedure) was performed in eight cases (89%). No perioperative mortality occurred, and all patients reported subjective improvement in symptoms. Biliary tract strictures sufficient to cause clinical or biochemical cholestasis are a poorly recognized complication of chronic pancreatitis. Cholangiography (PTC or ERCP) should be obtained in order to delineate radiographic features, and extent and severity of the biliary stricture because there is no predictable correlation between levels of serum alkaline phosphatase and liver histopathology. A percutaneous biopsy is requisite to document changes in hepatic morphology. In order to prevent potential hepatobiliary complications such as cholangitis and secondary biliary cirrhosis, biliary strictures should be managed surgically even in anicteric and otherwise asymptomatic patients. Simultaneous treatment of associated pancreatic pathology can be performed if necessary with little added morbidity. PMID- 6614653 TI - The diaphragm. A caveat in the selective management of penetrating abdominal trauma. AB - Summaries of two patients who were not operated upon because they seemed to have only minor upper abdominal stab wounds are presented. Both patients later developed symptomatic diaphragmatic hernias for which operation was required. These patients illustrate a shortcoming of the selective method of management of upper abdominal stab wounds and suggest that diagnostic paracentesis and peritoneal lavage should be employed regularly in patients who do not have a clear indication for laparotomy. PMID- 6614654 TI - Predicting success in limb salvage. AB - While success in revascularization procedures for severe arterial insufficiency- limb salvage--demands a technically correct operation, the adequacy of the outflow system is equally important. An outflow index (phi), the percentage drop in femoral artery pressure following an intra-arterial injection of papaverine, was developed. The predictive value of this index was demonstrated in a prospective study of 44 limbs in which an aortoiliac procedure with profundoplasty was done for multilevel disease. In the operations considered completely successful (n = 27), the mean value of phi was 37 +/- 8 per cent; this was significantly greater (P less than 0.001) than the mean value of 16 +/- 9 per cent found for those operations (n = 17) deemed to have been unsuccessful on the basis of rigorous postoperative criteria. This finding not only proves the efficacy of the index, but emphasizes the importance of an outflow system with the ability to accept more blood. PMID- 6614655 TI - Effect of calcium infusion on heart function. AB - The effects of calcium on heart function were studied in ten critically ill hypocalcemic patients (Ca++ = 1.93 +/- 0.08 mEq/L SD). Total calcium (TC), Ca++, blood pressure (MAP), venous pressure (CVP), pulmonary wedge pressure (PWP), cardiac output (CO), heart work (LVSW), systemic resistance (SPR), and pulmonary resistance (PVR) were measured before, during (15 and 30 minutes), and after (60 minutes) a 30-minute infusion of 1 gm CaCl2 (13.7 mEq). Calcium chloride infusion increased Ca++ significantly at 15 and 30 minutes (2.2 +/- 0.25 mEq/L) and remained elevated at 60 minutes (2.12 +/- 0.24). Cardiac output and LVSW rose at 15 minutes (9.4 leads to 10.6 L/min; 98 leads to 115 gm-m) but fell to below preinfusion levels by 60 minutes (8.9 +/- 2.0 L/min and 92 +/- 30 gm-m, respectively). These data show that calcium infusion for hypocalcemia does not provide meaningful improvement in cardiovascular function and is best avoided unless left heart function is closely monitored. PMID- 6614656 TI - Dual lumen catheters for angioaccess in patients with leukemia. AB - Dual lumen long-term indwelling right atrial catheters have been used to improve venous access in adult patients with leukemia. Twenty-eight such catheters have functioned for 1,895 days in 28 patients over the past eight months at the University of Maryland Hospital. Although insertion of the dual lumen catheter was more technically demanding than insertion of a single lumen catheter, the greater versatility in drug management (e.g., administration of two continuous infusions simultaneously or one continuous infusion leaving one line for platelets, blood, antibiotics or venous sampling) provided by the extra venous portal of entry more than compensated for any increased operative time (average, 58 vs 39 min/insertion). Eight episodes of bacteremia (0.37/100 patient days) occurred in these patients, but only one of these was associated with an exit site infection: the remainder were secondary to infections remote from the catheter. No catheter was removed as a result of these episodes, nor was any removed for ante mortem mechanical failure. The dual lumen catheter is a safe reliable device for providing angioaccess in patients with leukemia and offers substantially greater flexibility than the single lumen catheter. PMID- 6614657 TI - Intestinal atresia. Current concepts of pathogenesis, pathophysiology, and operative management. PMID- 6614658 TI - Open renal biopsy. Surgical technique and results. AB - This report describes our experience with a new modified approach for open renal biopsy. The biopsy is performed under general anesthesia through a small anterior incision and extraperitoneal approach. A generous incisional biopsy of the lower pole is obtained, and bleeding is controlled with mattress sutures. Thirty biopsies were obtained in 30 patients. The pathologic diagnoses included glomerulonephropathy (16), necrotizing vasculitis (5), degenerative phase of acute tubular necrosis (4), congenital nephrotic syndrome (2), interstitial nephritis (1), renal invasion by reticulum cell sarcoma (1), and juxtaglomerular cell hyperplasia (1). Ages ranged from 12 months to 75 years. There were no intra or postoperative complications. There was one late postoperative death secondary to a ventricular arrhythmia. This approach is rapid, safe, and provides more adequate tissue for histologic and electron microscopic examination than does percutaneous needle biopsy. PMID- 6614659 TI - Gastroesophageal fundoplication improves symptoms in refractory asthma. AB - Gastroesophageal (GE) reflux has been etiologically linked to a number of pulmonary diseases. Subclinical pulmonary aspiration from nocturnal GE reflux has been proposed as a cause of asthma. A patient with severe asthma, refractory to conventional medical therapy, is presented. The asthma was presumed to be secondary to gastroesophageal reflux and indeed the patient became asymptomatic following a Nissen fundoplication procedure. This case report documents that surgical correction of GE reflux may be an appropriate therapeutic maneuver in asthmatics who subclinically aspirate as a consequence of GE reflux. PMID- 6614661 TI - A 30-year review of the management of gallbladder disease at a children's hospital. AB - Fifty-eight patients between the ages of six weeks and 20 years had cholecystectomies during a 30-year period at Children's Hospital of Los Angeles. There were 29 females and 29 males. Twenty patients had associated hemolytic disease and nine had associated anatomical lesions. Abdominal pain was the most common complaint, and right upper quadrant abdominal tenderness was the most frequent physical finding. Radiologic studies aided diagnosis in 41 patients. Cholecystectomy was accomplished in all patients, and common duct exploration was performed in 13. Stones were present in 45 patients, and common duct stones were present in six. PMID- 6614660 TI - The surgical treatment of blunt and penetrating injuries of the popliteal artery. AB - Thirty-six patients sustaining blunt and penetrating injuries to the popliteal artery underwent vascular reconstruction with an average ischemic interval of eight and one-half hours (range: four to 14 hours). There were 16 associated venous injuries, 15 nerve injuries, and 20 fractures with or without knee dislocations. Arterial repair was performed by saphenous vein interposition graft in 23 patients and by end-to-end anastomosis in 16 patients (three patients had more than one operation). Eight of the venous injuries were reconstructed and the remaining eight veins were ligated. Fasciotomy was performed in 22 patients. Skeletal stabilization by external support was necessary in 12 instances and by internal fixation in eight patients. Five patients required amputation after vascular reconstruction failed. The presence of an ischemic interval greater than ten hours, associated fractures, and/or knee dislocation carried a serious prognosis for limb survival. PMID- 6614662 TI - Effect of preoperative colon preparation on serum potassium. AB - Although surgeons and anesthesiologists are constantly warned of the danger of hypokalemia following mechanical bowel preparations during the peri- and intraoperative periods, the amount and significance of this problem have not been quantitated. Therefore, the magnitude of the potassium (K+) depletion resulting from three to four days of mechanical bowel preparation was measured in a randomized, prospective fashion in 53 patients. The 27 patients in Group I received intravenous and/or oral potassium chloride supplementation during the preoperative bowel preparation, while the 26 patients in Group II received no supplementation. In an additional five patients, renal and colonic excretory potassium losses were measured to determine if they correlated with preoperative serum potassium levels. All patients had a standard preparation consisting of clear liquid diet (15 mmol K+/day), magnesium citrate orally, enemas, and oral antibiotics. Serum K+ levels in patients in Group I decreased from control levels of 4.01 + 0.41 mmol/1 to 3.71 +/- 0.58 (P less than 0.01) despite an average of 60 mmol potassium chloride supplementation during the preparation. The serum potassium levels in patients in Group II decreased from 4.13 + 0.69 mmol/1 to 3.43 +/- 0.53 (P less than 0.001) during the preparation. Measurement of stool K+ content revealed values that varied considerably between patients and that did not correlate with immediate preoperative serum levels. Urinary K+ measurement showed little renal compensation during the preparation and it did not significantly correlate with preoperative serum levels either. PMID- 6614663 TI - Thrombotic etiology of stress ulcers. 1. The effect of anticoagulant and antiplatelet aggregators in the development of stress ulcers in rats. AB - The preventative effect of anticoagulant (heparin) and antiplatelet aggregators (dipyridamole, low-dose aspirin, and ticlopidine), which are well known as antithrombotic agents, were recognized in this study of the development of stress ulcers in rats under cold restraint stress. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that the development of stress ulceration has a thrombotic etiology and that antiplatelet aggregators may be useful in the treatment of critically ill patients with stress ulcers. PMID- 6614664 TI - The preventive effect of low-dose aspirin in the development of stress ulceration in rats. AB - The preventative effect of low-dose aspirin in the development of stress ulcer induced by cold restraint were examined in Sprague-Dawley rats. The bleeding and ulceration scores in the control group were 2.14 and 13.50, respectively. The bleeding score in the 1 mg/kg aspirin group was 1.32 and the ulceration score was 6.89. The scores in 50 mg/kg aspirin group were 2.86 and 38.74, respectively. A significant decrease of ulceration in low-dose aspirin and significant increase in high-dose aspirin were demonstrated. A significant decrease in gastric acid secretion in the low-dose aspirin group was recognized. However, the inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by low-dose aspirin was thought to play a major role in the prevention of stress ulcer. PMID- 6614665 TI - Extra-appendicular carcinoid tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. AB - During the years 1958-1978, seventeen patients were treated for extra appendicular carcinoid tumors of the gastrointestinal tract in Tel-Hashomer and Belinson hospitals. Most of the tumors were located in the colon (eight cases) and in the rectum (four cases). A direct correlation between the tumor size and invasiveness has been noted, with distant metastases in eight of 12 patients with tumors more than 2 cm in size. Gastrointestinal bleeding was the most frequent clinical symptom, whereas the "carcinoid syndrome" appeared only in three patients. Curative surgery was performed in six patients, palliative procedure in two cases, explorative laparotomy was performed in four cases, and in two patients diagnosis was made in postmortem examination. Eight of the 17 patients (47%) had distant metastases at the time of the diagnosis, and six of the 15 operated patients (40%) died during the first year after the operation. The malignant nature of these tumors, together with the high incidence (23%) of associated malignant neoplasms is stressed. Radical resection is advocated in the cases where the tumor's size is more than 2 cm or in the presence of muscular invasion. PMID- 6614666 TI - A rational approach to serious blunt hepatic injury. AB - Based on our cumulative experience in patients with serious blunt liver trauma, hepatic resection is seldom necessary where cross-clamping the hepatoduodenal ligament (portal triad) effectively stops parenchymal hemorrhage. Oversewing or "hemo-clipping" of intrahepatic disrupted vascular tributaries combined, when appropriate, with lobar hepatic arterial ligation and transposition of an omental pedicle graft into the "fracture" defect is usually sufficient treatment. On the other hand, avulsion of hepatic veins and/or tears of the retrohepatic vena cava require major hepatic resection primarily for exposure. But even in conjunction with internal vena caval bypass shunts, the mortality with this injury remains high. PMID- 6614667 TI - The use of the MAST suit in ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms. PMID- 6614668 TI - Economic hardship and marital relations in the 1930s. PMID- 6614669 TI - Civil disorder and the welfare explosion: a two-step process. PMID- 6614670 TI - The presence of histamine in Cnidosculus oligandrus (Euphorbiaceae). AB - 1) The presence of histamine in prickles and lead and stem tissues of Cnidosculus oligandrus (Mull. Arg) Pax & Hoffm (Euphorbiaceae) is reported. 2) Prickles on stems and leaves have larger amounts of histamine, as determined by the isolated guinea-pig ileum and by fluorimetry of the condensation product of the histamine and ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPT). 3) Additionally, thin-layer chromatography and the increase of vascular permeability bioassay were used to confirm the presence of histamine. PMID- 6614671 TI - [Early detection of congenital hypothyroidism. Study of 31,609 determinations]. AB - As a result of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) early detection program carried out in our clinic during the period 1978-1981, 31.609 capillary blood samples (35,7% from newborn infants) were taken on filter paper cards. An evaluation of TSH following the specific radioimmunoanalysis technique was made in all the samples, and an evaluation of T4 whenever TSH values were higher than 25 microU/ml serum. Thirteen cases of CH were detected: nine with permanent H and four with transient H. Two cases of hyperthyrotropinemia were also detected. Frequency of permanent CH in our population is of 1/3.512. Corresponding biochemical data and detailed clinical characteristics detected, including the cost of the procedure are shown. Authors emphasize on possibility of preventing brain damage and subsequent subnormality through early detection and treatment of congenital hypothyroidism, together with a suitable cost-benefit ratio, makes necessary to carry out a nationwide campaign in accordance with those centers already established. PMID- 6614672 TI - [Late presentation of pleuroperitoneal diaphragmatic hernias with intrathoracic gastric strangulation]. AB - Four cases of pleuroperitoneals diaphragmatic hernia are described. The onset in the four infants was intensive respiratory distress. In all patients the only herniated viscera was the stomach, that was found strangulated and dilated into the thoracic cavity. The foramen herniarium was located on the diaphragmatic cupula with a size between 2-3 cm. PMID- 6614673 TI - [Mucolipidosis II or I-cell disease in the neonatal period]. AB - A newborn with the clinical, radiological and biochemical features of mucolipidosis II or "I cell disease" is presented. Some aspects of differential diagnosis in neonatal period and of the outcome are commented. The infant had also a single right kidney and agammaglobulinemia without further alteration of the humoral or cellular immunity at 10 months of age. PMID- 6614674 TI - [Lesch-Nyhan disease studied in intact fibroblasts]. AB - A 5 year old spanish boy was studied in whom the clinical phenotype was that of classic Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Activity of hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) was studied in an intact fibroblast system in which the pattern of incorporation of isotope of 14C-labeled hypoxanthine into its purine products was assessed. This method has been effective in distinguishing among HGPRT variants even when activity in erythrocyte lysates is zero. In this patient the activity was 0,4 percent of normal, consistent with Lesch-Nyhan disease. PMID- 6614675 TI - [Sjogren-Larsson syndrome. Study of 2 cases]. AB - Two siblings, a 3 1/2 years-old male and a 2 years-old female, with Sjogren Larsson syndrome (SLS) are described. The SLS is a genetically determined syndrome with autosomal recessive inheritance, characterized by the three main symptoms: congenital laminar ichthyosis, spastic displegia and mental deficiency. Parental consanguinity not was found. Pregnancy and perinatal period of the two children was normal. Ichthyosis was found at birth. Spastic displegia was noted before the age of one year and mental retardation was suspected at the same time. The EEG is abnormal. Glistening dots in the optic fundus were not observed. Diagnostic features of this rare syndrome are reported. PMID- 6614676 TI - [Acute hemiplegia caused by thrombosis of the internal carotid artery and fever of unknown origin]. PMID- 6614677 TI - [VACTERL syndrome. Report of 2 cases]. PMID- 6614678 TI - Multiple organ system failure and infection in adult respiratory distress syndrome. AB - Patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ system failure have a high mortality rate despite extensive supportive therapy. We evaluated the role of multiple organ system failure and infection in 37 consecutive survivors of the syndrome, and 47 consecutive nonsurvivors on whom autopsies were done. Failure of the central nervous, coagulation, endocrine, gastrointestinal, and renal systems was common in all patients but was more frequent in those who died. Major infections occurred in 46 nonsurvivors and 22 survivors. All patients with bacteremia who had a clinically identified site of infection survived, whereas all patients with bacteremia without a clinically identified site of infection died. Autopsy results of the latter group showed infections requiring surgical drainage for complete therapy. Patients clinically septic but without bacteremia and without a clear site of infection were shown at autopsy to have pneumonia. Multiple organ system failure was more common in infected (93%) than noninfected (47%) patients. Vigorous evaluation and treatment of infection in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome may improve survival. PMID- 6614679 TI - Chronic thrombotic obstruction of major pulmonary arteries. Results of thromboendarterectomy in 15 patients. AB - Since 1969, 15 patients, ranging in age from 21 to 67 years, with pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic thrombotic obstruction of major pulmonary arteries have had pulmonary thromboendarterectomy. Symptoms compatible with embolism antedated surgery for periods of 8 months to 18 years; several alternative diagnoses were maintained for months to years. Only 2 of 15 were treated for the initial embolic episode. All patients had dyspnea on exertion and were in New York Heart Association class III-IV before surgery. Resting arterial hypoxemia was common. Resting preoperative mean pulmonary artery pressures ranged from 25 to 66 mm Hg; pulmonary vascular resistances, 420 to 1869 dynes/sec X cm 5. Partial or complete thromboendarterectomy was possible in patients using cardiopulmonary bypass with hypothermia and cardioplegia. All patients showed a fall in pulmonary vascular resistance. All developed some degree of "reperfusion" lung edema and arterial hypoxemia that lasted for a few days to several months. Two patients died during hospitalization. The 13 survivors have been followed for 8 to 144 months (mean, 38.3 months). All patients improved after surgery. One patient died of nonembolic causes; none had recurrent embolism. PMID- 6614680 TI - Oral zinc therapy for Wilson's disease. AB - Wilson's disease is an inherited disorder of copper accumulation that is fatal if untreated. Because penicillamine, the established treatment, is toxic in a substantial number of patients, we studied the efficacy of zinc treatment. We induced a negative or neutral copper balance in five out of five patients with Wilson's disease who were receiving no therapy other than zinc. Zinc acetate was given every 4 hours during the day, and the patient was not allowed to eat for 1 hour before and 1 hour after each dose. Oral zinc therapy, used according to our regimen, may now be considered in the treatment of patients with penicillamine intolerance. However, it is premature to convert patients to zinc therapy if they tolerate penicillamine well. The efficacy of zinc therapy in the initial removal of the copper burden in acutely ill patients with Wilson's disease has not yet been evaluated. PMID- 6614681 TI - Hepatitis B virus transmission associated with a multiple-dose vial in a hemodialysis unit. AB - Ten of sixty-one patients in a maintenance hemodialysis center seroconverted to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive in August 1981. All but one were negative for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen, indicating early infection, and all received dialysis on the same days. Findings of case-control study showed that all "cases" received dialysis after the early morning shift, compared to 50% of controls (p = 0.01), and all cases used a multiple-dose vial of local anesthetic (bupivacaine), compared to 58% of controls (p = 0.03). At a common area used to prepare medications, an HBsAg carrier apparently stuck herself with a needle before drawing up bupivacaine, thus contaminating the vial that then served as the vehicle of transmission. Ten of eleven susceptible patients (those negative for antibody to HBsAg) who subsequently used bupivacaine and received dialysis seroconverted to HBsAg-positive, giving an attack rate of 91%. Serum samples from six of the ten cases were subtype Ad (or Adw), as was the implicated carrier's serum. PMID- 6614682 TI - Thyroxine replacement requirements in hypothyroid patients receiving phenytoin. PMID- 6614683 TI - Lymphomatous leptomeningitis as a presenting syndrome of Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6614684 TI - Recurrent aseptic meningitis due to sulindac. PMID- 6614685 TI - Autoimmune hemolytic anemia and Legionella pneumophila pneumonia. PMID- 6614686 TI - The arrhythmias of dual-chamber cardiac pacemakers and their management. AB - The field of cardiac pacing has developed exponentially in the past several years. The widespread use of atrioventricular synchronous pacemakers has resulted in the recognition of several types of pacemaker-associated arrhythmias. Certain of these arrhythmias follow asynchronous stimulation of either cardiac chamber; others are the result of the artificial bypass tract created with dual-chamber sensing and pacing. All the arrhythmias, however, are associated with normal pacemaker function. PMID- 6614687 TI - National study of Internal Medicine Manpower: VIII. Internal medicine residency and fellowship training: 1983 update. AB - A national census of internal medicine residency and fellowship training programs was done in 1981 and 1982, a continuation of surveys conducted annually since 1976. The number of residents in training continues to rise in relation to the increasing number of U.S. medical school graduates. U.S. citizens who are graduates of foreign medical schools comprise a rising number of the residents, 11.6% of the first-year trainees in 1982-1983. Foreign-born graduates of foreign medical schools have declined in the last 2 years to 9.9% of all first-year trainees. The number of blacks in residency training remains less than 5% of the trainee population. More than half of the residents entered subspecialty fellowship training after the completion of residency training. This finding predicts a continuing increase in the ratio of subspecialty internists to general internists in the practicing internal medicine population. The implications of these results for public policy are discussed. PMID- 6614688 TI - Home intravenous antibiotic therapy: a team approach. AB - Prolonged hospitalization for therapy of some infections may be economically and emotionally costly to patients. A multidisciplinary team was organized at the Cleveland Clinic Hospital to coordinate the selection, education, and follow-up of patients receiving parenteral antibiotic therapy at home. Forty-eight patients were trained to mix and administer antibiotics and to care for the intravenous access device. Most patients had infections of the bones, joints, or soft tissues and received an average of 19 days of therapy at home. Beta-lactam antibiotic agents were administered to most patients and were well tolerated. The infection was eradicated in 87% of patients. The average saving in cost for each course of treatment was $5728. PMID- 6614689 TI - Treatment of Wilson's disease. PMID- 6614690 TI - Medical manpower issues: health policy in action? PMID- 6614691 TI - Clinical epidemiology: a new discipline for an old art. PMID- 6614693 TI - Combined therapy with thiazide-type and loop diuretic agents for resistant sodium retention. PMID- 6614694 TI - Postmortem organ procurement for transplantation. PMID- 6614692 TI - Should mild hypertension be treated? PMID- 6614695 TI - Prevention of tuberculosis with isoniazid. PMID- 6614696 TI - Cimetidine and mononucleosis. PMID- 6614697 TI - Immunoblastic leukemia and a chromosome marker. PMID- 6614698 TI - Pancreatic carcinoma and palmar fasciitis. PMID- 6614699 TI - Eosinophilic fasciitis evolving into scleroderma. PMID- 6614700 TI - Wall washer's thumb. PMID- 6614701 TI - Adrenal cold abscesses. PMID- 6614702 TI - H-V interval prolongation. PMID- 6614703 TI - Lidocaine-cimetidine interaction. PMID- 6614704 TI - Isoniazid, meperidine, and hypotension. PMID- 6614705 TI - Nifedipine and erythromelalgia. PMID- 6614706 TI - Volume of infusion controller and delayed vasopressor effect. PMID- 6614707 TI - [The risk of cirrhosis in the chronic alcoholic]. PMID- 6614708 TI - [Hypothyroidism and the Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome]. AB - The signs of Sjogren's syndrome were systematically researched in 36 patients with hypothyroidism (myxoedema with atrophic thyroiditis in 32 cases, Hashimoto's thyroiditis in 4). In a quarter of these patients were noted separately submaxillary glands and/or parotids enlarged, buccal and/or lacrymal sicca syndromes, and antisalivaryy ducts antibodies. The histologic analysis of minor salivar glands revealed foci of lymphocytes and plasmocytes (grades 3 and 4 of Chisholm's classification) in 6 subjects. Similarities between the Sjogren's syndrome and the autoimmune thyroiditis were specified; their association in the same patients might be explained considering the genetic predisposition to these affections. PMID- 6614709 TI - [Retrospective study of 290 cases of hyperthyroidism after 55 years of age without previously documented thyroid disorders]. AB - Previous studies having shown differences in the clinical presentation of hyperthyroidism in the young and in the over sixty-years old patients, we studied the presentation of hyperthyroidism of late onset without previous thyroid disorder to determine if it continued to change with age after 55 years. Two hundred and ninety cases of hyperthyroidism presenting after the age of 55 years without a previous history of goitre, collected in the Department of Nuclear Medicine of the Pitie Hospital between January 1976 and May 1980, were analysed retrospectively. There was no significant correlation between age and heart rate or total circulating thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentration. A positive correlation with weight loss and a negative correlation with I 131 fixation were observed. It was higher in cases of atrial fibrillation and hyperthyroidism with normal thyroid scintigraphy. Graves' disease with goitre was associated with the most overt signs of thyrotoxicosis and the highest hormonal concentrations, contrarily to toxic adenoma. The T3 but not T4 concentration correlated positively with heart rate. T3 and T4 were positively correlated with weight loss, and this correlation remained significant at constant T4 and T3 concentrations. PMID- 6614710 TI - [Cerebrovascular accidents and migraine]. AB - Twenty-three clinical cases are reported, illustrating the difficulties of diagnosing migrainous focal cerebrovascular accidents. Cases of constituted cerebral infarcts and transient cerebral ischemia occurring during the cephalalgic phase, without headache and in patients with no previous history of typical migrainous attacks are described. Migraine may be considered to be the cause on convincing clinical criteria, but the diagnosis can only be established after negative results of investigations to exclude other causes of focal cerebral ischemia. PMID- 6614712 TI - [Hemochromatotic cirrhosis complicating pyridoxine-sensitive hereditary sideroblastic anemia. Case report]. AB - A further case of sporadic congenital sideroblastic anaemia is reported. Despite no contributing factors such as blood transfusion, oral ingestion of iron or alcoholic beverages, were present excessive iron stores occurred with consecutive tissue damage resulting in cirrhosis of the liver, portal hypertension and diabetes mellitus. HLA phenotype was A3 B7 as in primary hemochromatosis. Correction of anemia was obtained by vitamin B6 administration. Improvement of iron overload was achieved through the use of daily subcutaneous infusions of the iron chelating drug desferrioxamine with a portable infusion pump. PMID- 6614711 TI - [Intermittent claudication disclosing amyloidosis in a chronically hemodialysed patient with light-chain myeloma]. AB - The occurrence of amyloid deposits in skeletal muscle and its vessels has been noted from a long date in amyloidosis. However, their clinical manifestations have been seldom noticed. The authors report the case of a patient with light chain myeloma in which an arterial intermittent claudication led to the discovery of muscle vascular amyloid deposits. Muscle signs and symptoms due to amyloidosis and their mechanisms are reviewed. PMID- 6614713 TI - [Cutaneous necrosis of the breast: a complication of oral anticoagulant treatment]. AB - Cutaneous necrosis of the breast is a rare complication of oral antivitamin K drugs. It occurs shortly after instituting therapy with well-limited, irreversible skin necrosis developing rapidly. The scar is superficial and only involves the subcutaneous tissue; early and extensive surgery does not therefore seem to be justified. Normal scarring is the eventual spontaneous outcome but this is always a long process. Several arguments are advanced in favour of a toxic effect of the drug itself on the vascular walls of the vessels in the dermis. PMID- 6614714 TI - [Juvenile polyarthritis complicated by recurring tamponade: treatment using pericardotomy and high dosages of corticoids]. AB - Pericarditis is common in juvenile polyarthritis, but tamponade is a very rare complication and usually needs pericardiocentesis, pericardiotomy or pericardiectomy. We report an exceptionally rare recurrent tamponade after an 8 years interval in a patient with juvenile polyarthritis: the first tamponade was treated by pericardiotomy; the second episode of adiastole regressed after high dose steroid therapy. PMID- 6614715 TI - [Acute renal insufficiency in a 71-year-old woman, operated 1 year earlier for left ureteral obstruction]. PMID- 6614716 TI - [Homicides by psychotics in France. Apropos of a 5-year study (1977-1981)]. PMID- 6614717 TI - [Psychopathologic problems among Southeast Asian refugees. Study conducted at a reception center in Limoges]. PMID- 6614719 TI - [Mid-life crisis. Myth or clinical reality?]. PMID- 6614720 TI - [Late-onset hallucino-delusional psychosis. Effect of sex and age on its symptoms and course]. AB - Despite well-know semiological characteristics, the nosological position of the late onset hallucinatory-delusional psychosis with respect to schizophrenia is much debated. As regard prognosis factors, the study of 135 cases (36 men, 99 women) has shown that a sudden onset often happens in men, that, however, women often present a mental automatism syndrome, which becomes exceptional with age; finally, that influence phenomena are seldom found in men, especially after the age of 60. Rich and diversified symptoms of mental automatism are often observed in younger patients but they generally do not last. On the contrary, the clinical picture of the very late onset is comparatively simple and restricted; its main symptoms are either hallucinations or delusions and these symptoms tend to remain. Such semiological and evolutive modifications according to the age of the patient may appear in case of recurrence. The analysis of the pathoplastic role of age in the clinical picture leads to an hypothesis: a relation between the two possible evolutions (favourable and unfavourable) of the late onset hallucinatory delusional psychosis and the two groups (atypical and nuclear) of schizophrenia. PMID- 6614718 TI - [Value of maprotiline (Ludiomil) as a 2% drinkable suspension in current psychiatric practice]. PMID- 6614721 TI - [1st qualitative use of computers in psychiatry. Principles and preliminary technic presentation]. PMID- 6614722 TI - [Personality of the parkinsonian. Clinical and psychometric approach]. AB - The personality of patients suffering from Parkinson's disease has been considered as the basis of a psychosomatic theory or more simply as a form of reaction. Between these two extremes the controversy continues and is modified by the use of dopaminergic agents. In this study, 30 patients suffering from parkinson's disease undergo a psychological examination and a M.M.P.I.; the results allow us to determine a pre-morbid obsessive personality coupled with agressivity and ambition. A transformation occurs with the arrival of illness; dependence, passivity, suggestibility evolve in a context where anxiety is relieved of all agressivity but acquires a depressive character. The people surrounding the patients play a part in this transformation. Moreover the pre morbid characteristics of these patients remind the physician of H. Tellenbach's "typus melancholicus". PMID- 6614724 TI - [Dexamethasone test: diagnostic aid in delusional melancholia]. PMID- 6614723 TI - [Medico-psychological exploration of the professional experience of teachers]. AB - From A. Abraham's questionnaire exploring the professional Self of teachers, we determined, after standardisation with a french group of teachers, a much shorter bipolar satisfaction-dissatisfaction scale. Next, we compared the results between the israeli and the french teachers, then between a group of so called normal teachers and a group of teachers suffering from various mental troubles. We noted with satisfaction the close relations between the results of the test and the clinical opinions. This helps much in coping with teachers' psychotherapy and rehabilitation. Several examples and a bibliography are given. PMID- 6614725 TI - [Apropos of "critical" manifestations of adolescence among mentally retarded children hospitalized in a specialized hospital center]. PMID- 6614726 TI - Investigation of techniques for the analysis of hexavalent chromium, total chromium and total nickel in welding fume: a co-operative study. PMID- 6614727 TI - Size distributions of airborne fibres generated from man-made mineral fibre products. PMID- 6614728 TI - A mortality study of workers in a factory manufacturing chlorinated toluenes. PMID- 6614730 TI - A simple reliable dust disperser. PMID- 6614729 TI - Enzyme induction in humans exposed to styrene. PMID- 6614731 TI - Short communication the place of sound power in occupational hygiene. PMID- 6614732 TI - A data bank of noise control case histories: the reasons and the experience in Tuscany, Italy. PMID- 6614733 TI - n-Hexane in petroleum ether fractions. PMID- 6614734 TI - Inadequacy of hygiene standards for textile processing. PMID- 6614735 TI - [Kaposi's sarcoma in Haiti: unknown reservoir or a recent appearance?]. AB - For a 29 months period, from June 1979 to November 1981. 11 cases of Kaposi Sarcoma (3 women and 8 men) have been diagnosed in Port-au-Prince. Two more cases (men) were seen in haitian refugees in Miami (C. D. C. report). Only one case of K. S. had been diagnosed in Haiti previously in 1972. The mean age was 37. Involvement of lymph nodes and viscera were frequent and the patients died within 24 months (the mean survival time after diagnosis was 5 months). This apparent outbreak probably has no relation with that one in U. S. homosexuals which appeared simultaneously. Drugs and homosexuality have no importance in haitian cases. K. S. in U. S. homosexuals and in heterosexual haitians has a bad prognosis as in Africans: they all differ from the classical european and north american forms by the age of onset, the frequent visceral involvement and the early death. The review of histological data and different etiological factors lead to think that it is the same disease everywhere in spite of those marked differences. PMID- 6614736 TI - [Acute pityriasis rubra pilaris in the child. Apropos of 4 cases]. AB - Four cases of Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris of an acute type have been studied in three to six year old children. In three cases the disease occurred after an infection; in one out of these three cases this infection was serologically confirmed as being german measles. In the beginning, only the face is affected or the face and other part of the body. The rash looks like scarlet fever and the folicular papules appear only during the second stage. The dermatosis usually spreads within a month (from twenty days to two months) and covers the whole body without becoming erythrodermic. Then clinical picture is typical of Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris. There are no associated symptoms and no hypo-vitaminemia A is evidenced. The evolution is self limited with a spontaneous regression within three months, and there is no recurrence. These cases are similar to the classical juvenile Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris type III of Griffiths, but they keep their own particularities as far as acute evolution and good prognosis are concerned. PMID- 6614737 TI - [Multinodular plaque-type blue nevus, superficial and neuroid]. AB - We report an exceptional case of multinodular plaque-type blue nevus in a 63-year old woman, located on the presternal region. The lesions appeared at the age of 25 years on an achromic area. The probable clinical diagnosis was that of a pigmentary nevus. Histopathological examination showed a partially cellular blue nevus with a superficial topography and a neuroid arrangement. On this occasion, a review of the literature and a study of this peculiar form of blue nevus are made. PMID- 6614738 TI - [Ascher's syndrome and cutis laxa]. PMID- 6614739 TI - [Condylomatous elephantiasis, lymphangiosarcoma and Demons-Meigs syndrome]. PMID- 6614740 TI - [Histiocytoid hemangiomas of the finger pads]. PMID- 6614741 TI - [Complications and complexities of reading skin tests]. PMID- 6614742 TI - [Gymnophallus rebecqui n. sp. (syn. Parvatrema sp. 1, J. Rebecq, 1964) (Digenea: Gymnophallidae), an intestinal parasite of ducks from Camargue (France)]. AB - Gymnophallus rebecqui n. sp. replace Parvatrema sp. 1 J. Rebecq, 1964. Metacercariae are described. They occur free in the extrapallial space of Cerastoderma glaucum and Abra ovata, at the central part of the valves. Pallial epithelium hypertrophy is induced by metacercariae and damages are produced at the inner face of the shell of Abra ovata. Adults have been reared in laboratory hosts (Aythya ferina, A. fuligula, Anas platyrhynchos, Tadorna tadorna and Larus argentatus michaellis). Natural adults have been discovered in the anterior and median gut of Aythya ferina, A. fuligula and Anas clypeata. Adults are described and compared with other related Gymnophallid species. This new species is not a member of Parvatrema but belongs to Gymnophallus genera. PMID- 6614743 TI - [The larval stages of Meiogymnophallus strigatus (M. V. Lebour, 1908) n. comb. (Trematoda: Gymnophallidae)]. AB - Cercariae and metacercariae of Meiogymnophallus strigatus (M. V. Lebour, 1908) have been found in some places along the coast of Camargue (South of France). Sporocysts and cercariae are parasites of Tellina tenuis. Metacercariae occur in various Bivalves, mainly in Donax trunculus and D. semistriatus. Cercariae and metacercariae are described. Relationship between cercariae and metacercariae is demonstrated. Metacercarial microhabitat is delimited. Reaction of D. trunculus in front of the metacercarial infection is studied. Some metacercariae are free living in the extrapallial space, between the mantle and the shell. These larvae have an advanced genital maturity. Most of the metacercariae are massed together and are enclosed by the host's epithelium. Their excretory vesicle, which is packed with blackish granules, almost fills the entire body. Attempts to infect laboratory reared birds by feeding metacercariae from Donax trunculus were not successful. The natural final host is unknown. In consideration of the metacercarial anatomy, Cercaria strigata M. V. Lebour, 1908 is placed in the genus Meiogymnophallus H. L. Ching, 1965. PMID- 6614744 TI - [Sensillae of cercariae of Haplorchis taichui (Digenea, Heterophyidae). Discussion of the systematics of the Opisthorchioidea]. AB - Cercarial chaetotaxy of Haplorchis taichui (Haplorchiinae, Heterophyidae) is described and compared to that of ten other Opisthorchioidea: three belonging to the Acanthostomidae (Acanthostominae), one to the Opisthorchiidae (Opisthorchiinae) and six to the Heterophyidae (among these, two Centrocestinae, two Apophallinae, one Euryhelminthinae and one Haplorchiinae). Cercarial chaetotaxy allow us to distinguish the considered species and genera, but does not support division of the Opisthorchioidea into families as these have been defined based on morphology of adults; it suggests that the Heterophyidae is heterogenous; it allows us to recognize the Opisthorchioidea characterized by a loss of hexaradial symmetry on the first cephalic cycle of sensillae and by the presence of two to five pairs of sensillae on a tail with proximal excretory apertures. PMID- 6614745 TI - [Redescription of Helminthoxys tiflophila and consideration of the systematics of Oxyuridae parasites of rodents]. AB - --Morphology--Helminthoxys tiflophila (Vigueras, 1943) parasite in Capromys prehensilis (Caviomorpha, Rodent) is redescribed. In the males of this species occurs a peculiar type of ventral cuticular swellings. The adherence with cuticula of females is not obtained by hooking, but by gluing: a ventral hypodermal secretion coagulates on surface of swellings. --Systematic--The genus Helminthoxys Freitas, Lent and Almeida, 1937 is compared by means of cladistic method with the most closely related forms: 1--The genera Helminthoxys and Octodonthoxys Quentin, Courtin and Fontecilla, 1975 cannot be distinguished using this method, 2--Helminthoxys-Octodonthoxys is the sister group of Wellcomia, Sambon 1907, Protozoophaga Travassos, 1923. 3--These four genera, all parasite in Hystricognathi Rodents may be opposed as a sister-group to the Oxyuridae parasite in Sciurognathi Rodents and Lagomorpha. 4--The whole Oxyuridae parasite in Rodents (excepted Citellina Prendel, 1948) and Lagomorpha form a monophyletic group. PMID- 6614746 TI - Haplodiploidy in Pharyngodonid (Oxyuroidea: Nematoda) parasites of Testudo graeca. AB - Gametogenesis is described in Tachygonetria conica, T. dentata, T. macrolaimus, T. numidica, T. longicollis longicollis, T. l. pusilla, T. l. setosa, Mehdiella uncinata and M. microstoma, parasites of Testudo graeca from Tunisia. All species reproduced by haplodiploidy (males developed from unfertilized eggs and were haploid and females developed from fertilized eggs and were diploid). Metaphase of oogonial divisions contained ten rod-shaped chromosomes and meiosis in females resulted in two polar bodies and an egg pronucleus. Embryos in eggs in utero contained either five or ten chromosomes depending presumably on whether or not they developed from fertilized ova. Metaphase of spermatogonial divisions contained five rod-shaped chromosomes but divisions just anterior to the seminal vesicle contained five short round chromosomes similar to meiotic chromosomes but consisting of only two chromatids. Males of haplodiploid species have no homologous chromosomes and it is suggested that meiosis during spermatogenesis, rather than being replaced by mitosis as previously suggested (Adamson, 1981), simply begins at the second meiotic division. PMID- 6614747 TI - Cercopithifilaria leporinus n. sp. (Nematoda: Filarioidea) from the snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus Erxleben) (Lagomorpha) in Canada. AB - Cercopithifilaria leporinus n. sp. from the subcutaneous tissues of the trunk of snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus Erxleben) in Ontario and Alberta, Canada, is described. This is the only species of Dipetalonema--like filarioid known from lagomorphs. It is distinguished from other species of Cercopithifilaria by its small size, numerous mucrons on the female tail, vulva leading into a large, spherical vestibule and the pattern of papillae on the male tail. Eight species of filarioids, representing four genera, are now known from lagomorphs. Dirofilaria timidi Gubanov and Fedorov, 1966 is considered as a species inquirenda. PMID- 6614748 TI - [Ctenophthalmus (Ctenophthalmus) stirps n. sp. from Turkey (Siphonaptera, Hystrichopsyllidae)]. PMID- 6614749 TI - [Phlebotomine sandflies of the Congolese Mayombe (Diptera, Psychodidae). Structural analysis of three communities]. AB - The use of Sorensen's cenotic affinity coefficient in analysing three Phlebotomine sandflies communities showed and defined two types of highly individualized fauna: a forest fauna and one found at the edge of the forest. It was possible to align the distribution of specific abundances of two communities with Motomura's model. PMID- 6614750 TI - A contribution to the technique of cloning Leishmania. PMID- 6614751 TI - Aesthetic rhinoplasty in patients with thick nasal skin. AB - Results of rhinoplasty in patients with thick nasal skin are presented. An approach is utilized that yields a predictable result without the necessity for external skin incisions or frequent secondary procedures. The aesthetic result is maximized by attention to preoperative skin preparation, thorough modification of the soft tissue of the distal nose prior to the skeletal remodeling, and a meticulous postoperative regimen of controlled splinting and compression exercises. PMID- 6614752 TI - Prevention of ectropion by horizontal shortening of the lower lid during blepharoplasty. AB - Vertical wedge excision of the lower lid is advocated in selected patients undergoing blepharoplasty to prevent postoperative ectropion. Candidates for "V" excision include patients with a predisposition for senile ectropion. Diagnosis and surgical technique are described. PMID- 6614753 TI - Tubed pectoralis major musculocutaneous flaps for cervical esophageal replacement. AB - Five patients undergoing laryngopharyngectomy and cervical esophagectomy for cancer were reconstructed using a tubed pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap for esophageal replacement. One patient had no complications, 2 had pinpoint fistulas with rapid healing, a fourth died of a myocardial infarction, and the fifth had a partial breakdown requiring secondary flap closure. This flap is safe, reliable, and easy to rotate and tube on itself; use of the tubed pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap obviates the necessity for laparotomy for colon interposition, gastric pull-through, or jejunal free grafts. In addition, microvascular anastomoses are not required. Therefore, it is recommended as an excellent means of replacing the cervical esophagus and should be considered a method of choice in debilitated patients. PMID- 6614755 TI - Biocompatibility of silicone implants. AB - Polydimethylsiloxane has been considered immunologically inert, and previous work seems to have established that the production of circulating antibodies does not occur in response to its implantation. We have investigated the possibility of a cellular immune response to implanted silicone. We have observed histologically that the cellular response to polydimethylsiloxane in sensitized guinea pigs is consistent with a cellular immune reaction. Further studies with EM and XES have demonstrated intracellular silicon in the Golgi apparatus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and at both ends of cytoplasmic bridges between macrophages and lymphocytes. All of these findings fit with the hypothesis that the cells are processing a silicon-containing complex as an antigen. Finally, macrophage migration inhibition studies have shown evidence of a cellular immune phenomenon. Further studies are planned to characterize the nature of the sensitizing complex and to attempt to confirm the migration inhibition studies in vivo. PMID- 6614754 TI - The use of tissue expansion in head and neck reconstruction. AB - The use of expanding prostheses to augment local tissues in reconstruction of the head and neck has been successfully accomplished in 13 patients over the past three years. Excellent results and reliability have been demonstrated. PMID- 6614756 TI - A congenital lateral sinus in the upper lip. PMID- 6614757 TI - Combined free flap and local muscle flap for lower extremity salvage. AB - Reconstruction of extensive compound lower-extremity injuries may require the use of local flaps or free-tissue transfer. When either method alone is inadequate for reconstruction of two isolated defects on the same lower extremity, a combined approach may be utilized to reconstruct a functional lower extremity. PMID- 6614758 TI - The hazards of surgery in irradiated tissue. PMID- 6614759 TI - The immediate postoperative care of a child with cleft lip: time-proven suggestions. PMID- 6614760 TI - The Falklands war: Army field surgical experience. AB - In the recent Falklands campaign four Army Field Surgical Teams were deployed in the two phases of the war. They functioned as Advanced Surgical Centres and operated on 233 casualties. There were 3 deaths. The patterns of wounding and the methods of casualty management are discussed and compared with other recent campaigns. PMID- 6614761 TI - Delayed urinary fistula from high velocity missile injury to the ureter. AB - Reports from the Vietnam War and from Northern Ireland describe the problem of delayed urinary fistula from a ureter seen to be 'intact' at previous laparotomy for high velocity missile injury to the abdomen. This is due to remote damage to the ureteric blood supply which is difficult to recognise or predict. A recent example of the problem from the Falklands Campaign is described. Prophylactic splintage at the initial exploration is suggested. PMID- 6614762 TI - Epiglottopexy: a new surgical technique to prevent intractable aspiration. AB - Severe derangement of the protective function of the larynx results in intractable aspiration with secondary life-threatening pneumonia. The new surgical technique of epiglottopexy is described, which in addition to achieving protection of the laryngeal inlet, allows preservation of speech and in certain cases an adequate laryngeal airway. The advantages over current alternative treatment methods is discussed, and the results of five cases of gross laryngeal incompetence managed by epiglottopexy are presented. PMID- 6614763 TI - Management of pancreatic trauma. AB - Twenty patients who sustained pancreatic trauma are reviewed. Eighteen of the patients underwent emergency laparotomy and there were 53 major associated injuries. Three patients died, giving an operative mortality of 17%. All deaths could be directly attributed to the severity and extent of the associated injuries. Eleven of the 15 survivors following emergency operation developed serious postoperative complications which, in 6 instances, were directly related to the pancreatic injury. Two patients were initially treated conservatively because the isolated pancreatic injuries were missed. Both developed complications requiring operation. PMID- 6614764 TI - Treatment of thyroid carcinoma in 107 cases. AB - One hundred and seven patients with thyroid carcinoma were treated. Thirty-one per cent of the tumours were papillary, 27% were follicular, 28% anaplastic, 4% medullary, and 10% were lymphomas. In the differentiated group of tumours, lobectomy followed by suppressive doses of thyroxine was the commonest surgical treatment. This series confirms that in the absence of extrathyroid dissemination, lobectomy is a safe and effective treatment. PMID- 6614765 TI - Emergency surgery for stab wounds to the heart. AB - A cardiac stab wound is an uncommon and potentially lethal injury. With appropriate treatment, better than 90% of those admitted alive will survive. This paper outlines the presentation and management of patients with cardiac stab wounds, based on the experience of the Glasgow Royal Infirmary and a review of the literature, illustrated by relevant case histories. PMID- 6614766 TI - Changing fashions in the surgery of aortic aneurysms. AB - A 10 year survey of patients undergoing surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysms is presented. If it is possible to use a straight graft, the postoperative 30 day mortality and morbidity is lower. PMID- 6614767 TI - Unoperated abdominal aortic aneurysm: presentation and natural history. AB - The natural history of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is death from rupture unless the patient dies from another cause prior to rupture. Elective aortic grafting is the treatment of choice. Following rupture, emergency operation is the only treatment which will prolong the patient's survival. Controversy still exists as to the optimum management in poor risk patients and in those with a small aneurysm. This paper describes the presentation and natural history of 65 patients presenting with a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm who did not have an emergency operation, and a further 27 patients in whom the diagnosis of intact AAA was made who did not have an elective aortic replacement graft. The correct diagnosis was made at the time of admission in only 43 of the 65 patients with ruptured aneurysms. The diagnostic errors and appropriate investigations in cases of doubt are discussed. The mean time from admission to hospital to death was 8 hours. The reasons for not performing an elective operation in the 27 patients known to have AAA are given. Nine have subsequently died from rupture. There have been 7 deaths from other causes. PMID- 6614768 TI - Second laparotomy following 'curative' resection for colorectal cancer. AB - Second laparotomy was undertaken in 63 patients with suspected local recurrence following 'curative' resection for colorectal cancer. Nine patients proved to have benign disease and 4 a new cancer. Local tumour recurrence was confirmed in 50 patients. Of these, 19 underwent further resection of the tumour, 19 had palliative colostomy or bypass, and laparotomy only was performed in 12. Five of 15 patients undergoing secondary 'curative' resection survived 1 year and 3 survived 18 months. In contrast only 6 of the remaining 35 patients survived 1 year and none survived 18 months. Second laparotomy may be of benefit in a small number of patients with local recurrence following apparently curative resection for colorectal cancer. PMID- 6614769 TI - Transtracheal ventilation in oral surgery. AB - The use of transtracheal ventilation as a routine method of ventilation during anaesthesia for 60 patients with gross pathology requiring oral surgery is reported. Theoretical hazards of the technique and protection of the airway are discussed. There were no serious complications in this series. The technique is recommended as a simple and safe alternative to blind nasal intubation. PMID- 6614771 TI - Identification of accessory bile ducts at cholecystectomy. AB - The presence of accessory channels between the liver and extrahepatic bile ducts has long been recognised by anatomists and the division of such ducts may be a cause of bile leakage following cholecystectomy. However, visualisation of accessory bile ducts at operation is difficult as they are often small and sometimes less than 1 mm in diameter. Cholangiography has been used to help in the identification of accessory ducts in 50 patients included in a prospective trial. X-rays were taken after dissection of the gall bladder from its bed and extravasation of contrast was seen on five occasions (10%) suggesting leakage from divided accessory ducts. The identification of damage to accessory bile ducts in 10% of patients suggests that this may occur more frequently than previously supposed. PMID- 6614770 TI - The introduction of pulmonary artery pressure and cardiac output measurements in a district general hospital. AB - The problems encountered in introducing a pulmonary artery (PA) pressure and cardiac output (CO) measurement facility in a district general hospital intensive care unit are enumerated. The indications for its use are briefly reviewed. PMID- 6614772 TI - Knotted drainage tube: practical points in its prevention. PMID- 6614773 TI - Abdominal drainage following cholecystectomy: high, low, or no suction? AB - A prospective trial to assess the effect of suction in an abdominal drain following cholecystectomy was carried out. Three types of closed drainage system were compared: a simple tube drain, a low negative pressure drain, and a high negative pressure drain: 120 consecutive patients undergoing cholecystectomy were randomly allocated to one of the three drainage groups. There was no significant difference in postoperative pyrexia, wound infection, chest infection, or hospital stay. This study failed to demonstrate any clinically useful difference between high negative pressure, low negative pressure, and static drainage system were compared: a simple tube drain, a low negative used, suction is not necessary and a simple tube drain (greater than 6 mm internal diameter) is the most effective form of drainage. PMID- 6614774 TI - Removal of common bile duct stones after emergency drainage of the gall bladder. AB - Because of the hazards associated with cholecystectomy and choledochotomy in acute biliary tract disease, cholecystostomy may be performed as an emergency procedure. Postoperative tube cholangiography in such patients may show calculi in the biliary ducts. The percutaneous extraction of these calculi prior to cholecystectomy simplifies the elective surgical procedure. PMID- 6614776 TI - Rectocolectomy with anal conservation in inflammatory colitis. PMID- 6614775 TI - Needle aspiration in the treatment of pancreatic pseudocyst in childhood. AB - The technique of percutaneous needle aspiration of pancreatic pseudocyst using ultrasound imaging as a guide is reviewed. A modification of this technique has been used in a child with a post-traumatic pancreatic pseudocyst. PMID- 6614777 TI - Prolonged access to the venous system using the Hickman right atrial catheter. PMID- 6614778 TI - Some changing aspects of primary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 6614779 TI - Are systemic prophylactic antibiotics necessary for burns? PMID- 6614780 TI - Op-Site skin closure. PMID- 6614781 TI - Awareness during anaesthesia: a review. PMID- 6614782 TI - A prospective study of radionuclide biliary scanning in acute pancreatitis. PMID- 6614784 TI - [Surface drainage systems and their colonization by Lymnaea trunculata Muller. Apropos of 4 years of observations in Haute-Vienne, France]. AB - The colonization of superficial draining systems of four damp meadows by Lymnaea truncatula was studied during four years. The speed of snail migration was high from February - March to June - July, but reduced from September to January. This speed was also higher in draining ditches than in principal furrows. The colonization of draining systems was delayed from 25 to 27 months when barrages were set in principal draining furrows. The significance of these observations is discussed. PMID- 6614783 TI - [Effect of food intake on variations in different plasma constituents at the end of gestation and the start of lactation]. AB - Four dairy cows received a diet mainly constituted of a mixture of 60% maize silage and 40% concentrate, within four weeks before and six weeks after calving. During this period, blood samples were taken from the jugular vein, twice a week, before and two hours after the morning meal. Five plasmatic components were analyzed: glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetate and urea. Prandial variations depend on the physiological stage: the post-feeding decrease in concentration of non-esterified fatty acids is very slight during late pregnancy and important during early lactation; concentration of beta hydroxybutyrate post-feeding increases during late pregnancy, but not during early lactation. These results are discussed with variations of energy balance and feeding level. The correlations between different plasma components are often higher before feeding than after, especially between non-esterified fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate. The concentration of non-esterified fatty acids is highly correlated with energy balance, except during the last ten days before calving. PMID- 6614785 TI - [Non-extractible residues of aryl-14C-albendazole in sheep]. AB - The location of the intractable residues of 14C-ring labelled-albendazole has been investigated in the sheep. Numerous biochemical compounds have been isolated: pulmonary CO2, blood dextrose, glycogen, triglycerides, cholesterol, hemoglobin, plasmatic, cytosolic and microsomal proteins, nucleic acids . . . No incorporation into intermediary metabolisms has been put into evidence. On the contrary, a significant covalently bound radioactivity has been observed on hepatic and plasmatic proteins. No covalent binding to hepatic DNA seems to be produced. PMID- 6614786 TI - [Antigenic drift of a strain of influenza equi virus isolated in France during the winter of 1978-1979]. AB - A strain of Influenza Equi virus isolated during winter 1978-1979 has been compared with Influenza A/Equine/Miami/1/63 (H3N8) strain by cross reactions performed by radial haemolysis (RH) and hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) test. Specific antisera were prepared on hens and guinea-pigs. Results differed according to the species on which the sera were prepared and the two methods of titration of the antibodies. Hens sera were unable to differenciate by HAI the newly-isolated strain Influenza A/Equine/Joinville/1/78 from the Influenza A/Equine/Miami/1/63 (H3N8) strain, but an antigenic drift of Influenza A/Joinville/1/78 from the original Influenza A/Equine/Miami/1/63 virus could be demonstrated with guinea-pigs' sera either by HAI or by RH. By HAI, Influenza A/Equine/Joinville/1/78 virus seemed dominant over Influenza A/Equine/Miami/1/63 (H3N8) virus, while in opposite Influenza A/Equine/Miami/1/63 (H3N8) seemed dominant over Influenza A/Equine/Joinville/1/78 when the viruses were compared by RH. Thus, antigenic sites and correspondant antibodies involved in HAI and RH reactions appeared at least partially differents. PMID- 6614787 TI - [Experimental swine influenza. Comparison of the pathogenicity of swine-type wild influenza viruses and strains of human type H3 N2 whose reservoir is swine]. AB - Intra-nasal inoculation of 10-day-old piglets, free of specific pathogenic flora, with swine influenza virus A/H1 N1 and A/H3 N2 produces lesions of viral pneumonia without detectable clinical signs. Following indirect contamination all the strains studied were able to multiply in the respiratory tract; in those cases where no macroscopic lesion was seen, microscopic examination revealed variable modification of the pulmonary tissue depending on the virus causing infection. Influenza virus type H3 N2 are naturally found in many groups of pigs and can therefore play an important role in the respiratory pathology of the hog. Experimental results when compared to findings in the field indicate that the severity of the disease is linked to associated etiological factors as well as to the virulence of the viral strains themselves. PMID- 6614788 TI - [Pathology among breeding does. Evolution of several plasma parameters among primiparous rabbit does]. AB - One of the most important limiting factors of rabbit production is reproductive pathology. This pathology has two aspects: livestock reduction (elimination and death of rabbit does) and mortality of young rabbits before weaning. We studied alterations of hematocrit and of plasma Na, K, Ca, Mg, Pi, total proteins, prolactin, during gestation and lactation of primiparous rabbit does. In females which were going to die the first results showed a fall in plasma NaK, Ca concentrations and a rise in plasma Mg. We think that these alterations are only consequences of anterior metabolic alterations and are indicators or secondary causes of the animal's proximate death. We noticed a deep fall in plasma prolactin concentration before death; its signification is discussed. In the females which did not wean their whole litter, average prolacting levels during gestation and at the beginning of lactation were lower than in females weaning their whole litter. These first results would confirm the hypothesis that youngs' mortality is a pathology linked with dams' state. PMID- 6614789 TI - [Experimental infection of the pregnant cow with Chlamydia psittaci]. AB - Seven cows were inoculated with two strains of C. psittaci from bovine origin. Their chlamydial excretion, complement fixing (CF) antibody titer and hormonal pattern, at calving or abortion were monitored. Five of the six pregnant inoculated cows had a pathological parturition, and a CF antibody titer greater than 40 during more than two months post-abortion. Three of them excreted Chlamydiae at calving. The other inoculated pregnant cow, the inoculated non pregnant cow and the three contacts had CF titer less than 40 during the same period. The progesteronemy and the oestradiol 17 beta level of the two early aborted cows were abnormal. PMID- 6614790 TI - [Effect of routes and doses of Salmonella abortus ovis inoculation on the abortive effect and serologic response of ewes]. AB - Three successive experiments using a restricted number of Prealpes X Lacaune ewes were designed to form a procedure allowing the reproduction of an abortive infection with Salmonella abortus ovis. Effects of inoculations at mid-gestation were estimated by the duration of gestation, bacteriological excretion at lambing and evolutions of rectal temperatures and of serological antibodies. Serological responses were revealed with four tests: O or H agglutination tests in tubes, H agglutination or complement fixation tests in microtechnics. Intravenous inoculations of 10(9) salmonella induced lethal septicaemia. Intragastric inoculations of 10(7), 10(8), 10(9) or 10(10) salmonella did not produce effects related to inoculated doses; in particular the only abortion obtained in this way occurred after inoculation of 10(7) salmonella. Subcutaneous inoculation of 10(6) to 10(10) salmonella induced serological, bacteriological and clinical responses related to the inoculated doses: ewes with at least two febrile phases during the 20 days post-inoculation aborted, including two ewes not excreting salmonella at lambing. After intragastric or subcutaneous inoculation, and with the four serological tests, the initial raising of titers was followed by an early and rapid decrease, without a new rise round about the time of abortion; no salmonella was isolated from ewes autopsied three to six months after inoculation. It appeared that the subcutaneous inoculation of 10(10) S. abortus ovis viable to ewes at mid-gestation was able to frequently induce a sublethal but abortive infection. PMID- 6614791 TI - [Effect of sodium and potassium ion interactions on gastric calcium absorption in cattle]. PMID- 6614792 TI - Response of ewes to temperature-sensitive mutants of Chlamydia psittaci (var ovis) obtained by NTG mutagenesis. AB - Two temperature-sensitive strains, 1B and 1H, of ovine Chlamydia psittaci obtained by mutagenesis were used as live vaccine: eleven weeks before breeding, 20 ewes received 3.9 X 10(6) PFU of 1B strain, and 20 others 3.5 X 10(6) PFU of 1H strain. The consequences of the vaccination were studied during pregnancy by recording CF antibody titer, chlamydial vaginal excretion and lambing performance. The vaccination did not disturb pregnancy and none of the ewes excreted chlamydiae at lambing. The immunity of the ewes was challenged one year after vaccination, by intradermic inoculation of 2.5 X 10(6) PFU of the virulent parental strain at 78 days of pregnancy, while nine out of ten control ewes excreted chlamydiae at lambing, none of the 16 pregnant ewes vaccinated with 1B strain, and only one the 18 pregnant ewes vaccinated with 1H strain did so. After further controls of safety and efficacy, 1B strain could provide a live vaccine against abortive chlamydiosis. PMID- 6614793 TI - A laboratory reference vaccine to titrate immunogenic activity of antibrucella vaccines in mice. AB - The number of bacteria (CFU) in spleens of mice fifteen days after a standard intraperitoneal challenge of Brucella abortus, is dependent on vaccinal immune status of mice. From this observation, a control method of vaccinal activity was previously proposed, which classified the responses in relation to fixed reference values. A reference vaccine, a lyophilized formalin-killed bacterial cell suspension of B. melitensis strains H38 was prepared and titrated. From the dose response curve, the quantities giving reference values were calculated and expressed in a Unit system. This vaccine makes possible inter-laboratory comparisons of vaccinal activity, that can be expressed on the Units basis. PMID- 6614794 TI - [Attempts at time-related control of bovine hypodermiasis at scattered or grouped farms]. AB - The control was performed by a unic systemic autumn treatment on heifers and repeated topical spring treatments on dairy cows. After a four years programme, limited success are obtained. No difference in the efficacy are observed in isolated or grouped farms. A good estimation of infestation cannot be obtained by only one or two numerations of warbles in spring. Repetitive of topical spring treatments on dairy cows appears to be the major limitating factor of success in these programmes. PMID- 6614795 TI - [Revascularization of the distal vertebral artery (3d segment). Indications in the treatment of vertebrobasilar insufficiency]. PMID- 6614796 TI - [Treatment of double fractures of the leg]. PMID- 6614797 TI - [Epidermoid cysts of the spleen. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6614798 TI - [Sacrococcygeal chordomas. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6614799 TI - [Retrospective study of a series of 240 cases of common bile duct lithiasis]. PMID- 6614800 TI - [Our clinical experience in 10 cases of peritonitis caused by perforation of gastric cancer during the last decade]. PMID- 6614801 TI - [Present status of double truncal vagotomy with antrectomy in the surgical treatment of duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 6614802 TI - [Spinal injuries with neurologic signs during the practice of sports]. PMID- 6614803 TI - [Peritoneal pseudomyxoma and mucinous ovarian cystadenocarcinoma. Apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 6614804 TI - [Breast metastases of prostatic cancer. General review apropos of a case characterized in addition by the association with a testicular metastasis]. PMID- 6614805 TI - [Does hyperazotemia produce a change in the process of wound healing? Critical experimental study]. PMID- 6614806 TI - [Duration of electric systole in the acute phase of myocardial infarct. Methodology, natural history, semiological value, therapeutic consequences]. AB - Extension of the duration of electric systol in the acute phase of coronary thrombosis can be analysed in satisfying conditions whatever the physiological frequencies by the measurement (formula; see text) represents the average QT measurement of three non-consecutive complexes in five derivations (DI, DIII, aVF, VI and V6). This extension is of prognostic value when the QTc is greater than 44 c/s. Out of 1 255 acute phase thrombosis patients, 18 Out of 20 cases of ventricular fibrillation revealed a QTc greater than 44 c/s in the 24 hours preceding sudden death. Therapeutic intervention with anti-andrenergic drugs such as bretylium tosylate or beta-blocking agents appears to reduce the QTc of these patients and thus prevent sudden death. PMID- 6614807 TI - [Right endoventricular biopsy using the femoral percutaneous approach: a simple procedure, harmless, reliable and repetitive. Modification of the Konno technic]. AB - The technique of right endoventricular biopsy by femoral percutaneous path is described based on 300 incident-free samples. Ability to multiply and then repeat sampling supports a method which can be performed at the same time as examination of the conduction channels. This is of diagnostic, prognostic, therapeutic and research interest. PMID- 6614808 TI - [Mitral valve prosthesis without anticoagulant treatment. Apropos of 46 cases]. AB - Out of a total of 90 patients with valvular prosthesis not treated with anti coagulants, 46 only had a prosthesis in the mitral position. These patients were treated in Professor Ben Ismail's department for an average of 58 months (extreme limits 26 and 116 months). The average age of these patients at the time of the operation was 13.6 years. It is important to note that these patients greatly improved as attested to by the evolution of the functional symptoms, cardiac volume, capillary and pulmonary arterial pressure. 7 patients had a thromboembolism (15.5 per cent or 3 embolisms per 100 patient-years). Three cases were minor or rapidly regressed and out of four major cases, one died. This complication is much more frequent in patients treated with anti-coagulants as is the risk of haemorrhage which is sometimes serious or even mortal. In view of these results, it seems legitimate, in these young patients, especially when they are in sino-astrial rhythm, have a good clinical history and are haemodynamic to forego anti-coagulant treatment which may be dangerous in these undisciplined patients under irregular and unusual treatment. PMID- 6614809 TI - [Maximum power (max W) and index of 2d minute recovery. Correlations with maximal oxygen consumption (max VO2)]. AB - The maximum O2 intake (max VO2) is the best test in order to describe a subject's physical capacity. It is difficult to measure directly. The Astrand normogram gives an indirect and approximate measurement. Two more exact methods are suggested: the maximum developed power in Kg (W/Kg) and the second minute recovery index (iR2) = (formula; see text) where fc2 is the cardiac frequency two minutes after exertion. The correlation is r = 0.94 (p less than 0.001) between max VO2 and W/Kg. The correlation is r = 0.94 (p less than 0.001) between max VO2 and iR2. The iR2 can be determined for a sub-maximal performance at 80 per cent of the maximum and has a high correlation with the max VO2. The max VO2 can thus be determined by these two methods which appear to be the most reliable of the regular tests of physical capacity. PMID- 6614810 TI - [Subacute ischemia of the lower leg caused by a popliteal synovial cyst. Apropos of a case]. AB - Based on the observation of a cyst compressing the popiteal artery, the authors discuss the characteristic clinical picture and radiology of this benign neoformation. They emphasize two possible causes: cystic degeneration of the arterial median or a cyst of articular derivation. Histological data from this observation supports the second hypothesis. PMID- 6614811 TI - [Medical treatment of the threat syndrome with heparin. Long-term prospective study]. AB - A 19-year study of 119 patients stricken with a threat syndrome and treated with heparin is presented. The average observation period is 10.15 years. The total mortality was 33.94 per cent. The cumulative annual mortality was 1.79 per cent. The life expectancy for treated patients was identical to that of the general population in Argentina. The survivors (60.51% of the cases) were either asymptomatic (45.83%) or presented varying cardiac pathology (54.17%). PMID- 6614812 TI - [Global cardiac insufficiency initiating myocardial infarction in Steinert's disease]. PMID- 6614813 TI - [Right ventricular dysplasia: Uhl's disease. Echocardiography and tomodensitometry study. Apropos of a case in an adult]. AB - The author discusses Uhl's disease in a 60 year old patient as indicated by right ventricular insuficiency without troubles of the ventricular rhythm. Echocardiography revealed the distinctive symptoms of this illness (dilation of the right cavities, diastolic opening of the pulmonary valve, delayed closing of the tricuspid valve) emphasizing its diagnostic value. The contribution of tomodensitometry is considered. PMID- 6614814 TI - [Histological aspects of congestive cardiomyopathy caused by alcohol. Comparison with so-called primary cardiomyopathies]. AB - The endoventricular biopsies of nine patients with alcoholic congestive cardiomyopathy were studied under the light microscope and under the electron microscope. These were compared with the results of nine cases of primary congestive cardiomyopathy, at a similar clinical stage. In the absence of specific signs, the overall appearance on both light and electron microscopy is sufficiently suggestive to allow differentiation of the two forms of cardiomyopathy. Repeated biopsies revealed disappearance of the nuclear abnormalities after withdrawal of alcohol, which introduces a prognostic element. PMID- 6614815 TI - [Thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications in valve prosthesis patients]. AB - 567 patients with valve prostheses who received anticoagulant therapy were followed up by Professor Ben-Ismail's department at the Ernest-Conseil Hospital, over a period of 2 to 160 months (mean: 53 months). 220 of them had a mitral prosthesis, 183 had an aortic prosthesis and 161 had a double (153) or triple (8) valvular replacement. 66 patients (11.6%) presented a total of 85 thrombo-embolic episodes, i.e. a global incidence of 4.6 emboli per 100 patient-years. Amongst the thrombo-embolic incidents, there were 26 cases of valvular thrombosis, 47 cases of cerebral vascular accident and 11 cases of peripheral vascular emboli. The course was fatal in 18 cases. These accidents mostly occurred in the cases with mitral or polyvalvular replacements. More than one half of these patients were pursuing a regular and effective treatment. 55 patients presented a total of 60 serious haemorrhagic accidents, of which 10 died. This study reveals that the incidence of thrombo-embolic accidents is much higher in patients with mitral or tricuspid valve replacements and when the anticoagulant treatment is irregular or capricious. However, an apparently well managed anticoagulant treatment does not prevent the development of thrombo-embolic accidents and carries a significant risk of haemorrhage. PMID- 6614816 TI - [Valvular or muscular cause of heart sounds?]. AB - During the last twenty years, the genesis of the high frequency heart sounds could be outlined in the opposition between "valvular" and "muscular" theories challengers. The latter argued with haemodynamic results and the former with echographic results. The improving investigation methods permitted recently the understanding of valvular closure and authorize conciliation. A valvulo-muscular theory is suggested on the basis of non invasive methods: sound and external pulses recordings, and echography. PMID- 6614817 TI - [Evaluation of physical fitness following uncomplicated myocardial infarct by bicycle ergometry in horizontal and vertical position]. AB - For an increasingly early mobilisation after uncomplicated myocardial infarction, the stress tests appraised the individual physicalal aptitude in supine and upright positions without incident, in a simple and objective way. To complete this evaluation, the calculation of an energetic index EI was proposed as soon as the initial level of 25 watts during cycloergometric symptom-limited stress tests in 17 male patients (increment of 25 watts for each 6 minutes and interval of one hour between the two positions). The pulmonary wedge pressure (Swan Ganz) at 15 mmHg in upright position as soon as 25 watts separated the subjects into two groups GI (N = 5) and G II (N = 12). EI 25 W had a value of 33 +/- 4 for GI and of 48 +/- 7 for GII (p less than 0.001). In the following level, EI 50W had a value of 83 +/- 14 for GI and of 109 +/- 23 for GII (p less than 0.01). Although the heart rate HR reached at the last level (expressed in % of the maximal theoretical rate) and the systolic arterial tension SAT were no different between the two groups, the subjects of GI reached a mean load of 68 watts and these of GII of 109 watts (p less than 0.01). The index EI, calculated in a simple and immediate way with HR, SAT, W and morphometric data (height, area surface) would help to evaluate the physic aptitude. Because of its harmlessness, this stress test at low load in the two positions might be repeated to define an developmental profile for each person. The prognostic value of such an index remain to be specified. PMID- 6614818 TI - Potential applications and pitfalls of dry reagent tests. An evaluation of the Ames Seralyzer. AB - In recent years, the development of dry reagent tests has made it possible for many clinical laboratory tests to be performed not only in the laboratory but also elsewhere. Some of the factors influencing the applications and use of one such system, the Ames Seralyzer, have been studied. Sample volume and the timing of analysis were critical, and poor precision was obtained by an inexperienced operator. The calibrators and reagent strips were stable when stored as recommended by the manufacturer, and calibration was stable for 24 hours. The implications of these findings as well as the problems of method comparison and quality control are discussed, particularly in relation to the use of the instrument outside the laboratory. More generally, this study illustrates several problems with the use of dry reagent, thin films and associated instrumentation that must be considered during evaluations. PMID- 6614819 TI - Effect of penicillamine on blood levels and urinary excretion of gold. PMID- 6614820 TI - Kinetics of the antigen:antibody reaction. Light scattering and particle size measurement using photon correlation spectroscopy. AB - Many techniques for the estimation of specific proteins measure light scattered by, or the turbidity of, suspensions of antigen:antibody aggregates formed in fluid-phase reactions. Although the shapes of reaction curves obtained are well documented, interpretation of the data in relation to the laws of light scattering and the mechanism of the antigen:antibody reaction are poorly described in the literature. Using photon correlation spectroscopy it has been shown that antigen:antibody complexes continue to grow in size even when no further increases in scatter intensity or turbidity are apparent. PMID- 6614822 TI - Effect of temperature on the stability of thyroid stimulating hormone in dried blood spots. PMID- 6614821 TI - A simple and economical method for the preparation of adsorbents for the thyroid hormone uptake test. AB - A low-cost and simple method has been developed for the preparation of human or animal protein-based adsorbents for use in the thyroid hormone uptake test. A combination of sodium sulphate precipitation and glutaraldehyde polymerisation of pooled whole serum or purified albumin preparations was employed to yield a fine solid-phase suspension which eliminates the need for capping and rotating assay tubes. Results for 107 samples obtained by this method correlated well with those obtained by use of a commercial kit. PMID- 6614824 TI - [The tarsoconjunctival flap in palpebral reconstruction]. PMID- 6614823 TI - [Craniofacial injuries : exploration protocol and surgical attitudes]. PMID- 6614825 TI - [Subciliary approach in orbital surgery]. PMID- 6614826 TI - [Repair of the conjunctival sac in anophthalmos]. PMID- 6614827 TI - [The upper eyelid in paralytic palpebral slit. Repair with inert materials. 23 cases]. PMID- 6614828 TI - [Cervical platysmaplasty]. PMID- 6614829 TI - [Use of cutaneous and myocutaneous flaps in cervicofacial oncology. Retrospective analysis of 230 cases]. PMID- 6614831 TI - [Replacement of the periareolar scar by an intra-areolar scar in the correction of moderate breast ptosis]. PMID- 6614830 TI - [Mammoplasty. Inverted V technic. Analysis of 225 cases]. PMID- 6614832 TI - [Effects of the prosthesis factor on recurrence after breast reconstruction for cancer]. PMID- 6614833 TI - [Reconstruction of the areola-nipple plaque with projection of the nipple]. PMID- 6614834 TI - [Correction of unilateral breast hypoplasia by microsurgical transfer of a controlateral dermoglandular free flap without inclusion of a prosthesis]. PMID- 6614835 TI - [Experimental venostasis after reimplantation of extremities]. PMID- 6614836 TI - [Experimental study of the lymphatic circulation after reimplantation of extremities]. PMID- 6614837 TI - Present status of surgery in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6614838 TI - Medical management of rheumatoid arthritis with emphasis on the Western Pacific Region. AB - There are regional differences in the prevalence and severity of Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Asian and Western Pacific Regions. Medical management of the condition will depend very much on the assessment of disease activity. Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in full dosage should always be the first choice of treatment. Their popularity however varies from country to country depending partly on the availability and partly on the cost structure that the Department of Health has been able to negotiate with the manufacturer. PMID- 6614839 TI - The medical management of chronic arthritis in childhood. AB - In the management of children suffering from chronic arthritis it is important to note the type of disease present, complications both of the disease and from previous therapy as well as the family background and location, against which treatment is undertaken. Maintenance of joint position and function by appropriate splinting and exercises are the mainstays of management. Despite many new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin still has an important role, particularly with systemic manifestations. To date Ibuprofen (Brufen), Naprosyn and Tolmetin are the three non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents which have been shown to be effective in controlling arthritis and Tolmetin may have some effect on systemic illness. The need for careful study of drugs in children is stressed. A few, usually those with systemic illness, will need oral corticosteroid therapy while an occasional child, usually with pauciarticular arthritis involving the knee, will benefit from a local corticosteroid injection. Apart from those few children with sero-positive disease, long-acting drugs are needed infrequently. PMID- 6614840 TI - Surgical treatment of Still's disease (juvenile chronic arthritis). AB - We have carried out 433 operations on 268 patients suffering from Still's disease during the period 1959-1979, the average age of the patients being 21 years. A synovectomy of the knee was performed on 76 knees with a good result in 68%, while a similar operation on the elbows of 16 patients was more successful and 90% did well. Stapling of the knee in young children with genu valgum was carried out on 33 knees with a good correction in the great majority. Soft tissue operations were carried out with encouraging results on 24 hips and 9 knees, the patients having severe deformities of these joints. Reconstructive surgery was necessary in some patients with severe damage to their hips and knees, and we obtained good results in the great majority. Two hundred and forty eight total hip replacements have been carried out on 132 patients during the last 14 years and 84% have had a good result, but owing to the skeletal stunting frequently present a special small sized hip prosthesis had to be used. Knee replacement has been less satisfactory but was carried out on 40 knees in 28 patients and 55% had a good result. The main complications seen with these joint replacements have been due to infection or loosening. Multiple joint replacement has been carried out on 42 patients, 13 of which had both hips and knees replaced with 54% good results. Difficulties were experienced in anaesthetizing some patients owing to a stiff neck and jaw, but this was overcome by the use of Ketamine anaesthesia. PMID- 6614841 TI - The place of osteotomy in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Osteotomy is technically simple without the incidence of serious complications of prosthetic joint replacement. It relieves pain in the majority of patients in whom it is indicated. Following osteotomy the range of joint movement is only increased in so far as muscle spasm is relieved by freedom from pain. Deformities and soft tissue imbalance can be corrected. Hypertrophic rheumatoid synovium regresses dramatically and rapidly after double osteotomy even if the joint is not opened. In those patients in whom pain is relieved, function improves, strength increases and the radiographic changes of disuse reverse with improved bony structure. PMID- 6614842 TI - Surgery of the rheumatoid hip. AB - The incidence and pattern of involvement of the hip in rheumatoid arthritis are reviewed. The criteria for the selection of patients for surgery are described and the points in preparation emphasised. The surgical procedures available are discussed with the results and complications to be expected. The clinical results of total replacement arthroplasty are gratifying despite the increased incidence of infection and mechanical loosening compared with osteoarthritic hips. PMID- 6614843 TI - Knee replacement in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - This paper is based on experience gained from 583 primary knee replacements carried out at Harlow Wood Orthopaedic Hospital between 1968 and 1981. Various types of prostheses are discussed in relation to their application at various stages of destruction of the knee joint. Special problems concerning patients with rheumatoid arthritis and the problems of their damaged knee joints are emphasised. A plea is made for continued study which will recognise common factors essential for success. PMID- 6614844 TI - Stanmore total knee replacement in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Stanmore Prosthesis was used to replace 115 knees in 83 patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. The operative technique is simple and the prosthesis is reliable in restoring stability to the most unstable knees, correcting deformity, restoring mobility and relieving pain. PMID- 6614845 TI - Replacement of the knee in rheumatoid arthritis using the Imperial College London Hospital prosthesis (ICLH) 1977-1979. AB - The Imperial College London Hospital (ICLH) technique and prosthesis for the total replacement of the knee was evolved over the period 1968 to 1977. The results now reported were obtained at The London Hospital on rheumatoid knees operated upon in the period 1977 to 1979. These knees were reviewed and the results published with a one to 2 year follow-up in 1981. In the present paper this review has been extended to 3 to 5 years. We find that in successfully replaced knees the quality of the clinical result has remained unchanged over the extended period of review. Certain further complications have been encountered which are described. These complications have led us to the conclusion that whereas we previously accepted post-operative alignments between one and 10 degrees of valgus, we should now adjust these limits. We now regard a knee having anything less than 5 degrees of valgus post-operatively as having been incorrectly replaced. The limits of valgus can perhaps be extended to 15 degrees. Experience over the period 1977 to 1980 suggested the possibility of further improvements in both the operative technique and the prosthesis. Accordingly the ICLH prosthesis has now been modified. The modified prosthesis (the Freeman Samuelson prosthesis) is described in this paper but results with it are not reported. PMID- 6614846 TI - Surgery of the rheumatoid foot. AB - The typical rheumatoid foot deformity is that of hallux valgus, bunion, hammer claw toes with contracted dorsal soft tissue, depressed metatarsal heads and associated painful callosities and corns both under metatarsal heads and on dorsal surfaces of cocked-up lesser toes. Deformity and pain will be amendable with surgery if patients are selected properly and correct surgery is performed to achieve a pain free weight-bearing foot. PMID- 6614847 TI - Surgical treatment of the cervical spine in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Rheumatoid arthritis can affect any of the synovial joints in the vertebral column. However, the cervical spine, which is the most commonly involved, is the region where segmental instability can lead to neurological sequelae. Severe pain may also be a feature demanding relief. The natural history of the disease as it affects the cervical spine must be a yardstick of management, because quite severe subluxation can occur without neurological embarrassment, whilst a small segmental shift may have profound neurological implications. It is with this knowledge that surgical fusion is offered to a few selected patients. Our own cases are derived from the Medical Research Council Rheumatism Unit at Taplow and the paper will also include experience of Juvenile Chronic Arthritis and ankylosing Spondylitis. PMID- 6614848 TI - The surgical treatment of the rheumatoid shoulder. AB - Rheumatoid disease of the shoulder may affect not only the gleno-humeral joint but also the other joints of the shoulder girdle complex. Excision arthroplasty of the acromioclavicular and much less commonly of the sternoclavicular joints may be necessary to relieve persistent symptoms. Bursectomyin conjunction with anterior acromioplasty should provide a definitive solution to rheumatoid involvement of the subacromial bursa when this fails to respond to simple aspiration and hydrocortisone injection. Synovectomy has been little employed and perhaps deserves re-appraisal with regard to its role in the management of early cases of glenohumeral disease. Where pain is the predominant presenting symptom and until such time as joint replacement becomes more fully established and reliable double osteotomy may be worth considering as a very simple and in no way irrevocable surgical procedure. Glenoidectomy on the other hand should probably be regarded as obsolete except in cases where total joint replacement will be permanently contra-indicated. Even then arthrodesis may provide a stronger more stable and lasting solution, but before this operation is exhibited, pre operative investigation must establish that the patient will be able post operatively to remain independent with regard to routine activities of daily living and in particular perineal toilet. Arthroplasty of the shoulder must still be regarded as being in the developmental if not frankly experimental stage. The results from several sizeable series however are now beginning to show promising results. Moreover the pendulum is tending to swing towards the concept of a minimally constrained joint such as the Neer prosthesis which will mimic anatomical function and minimise the risks of scapular loosening. Careful attention to the soft tissues and very intensive and prolonged post-operative physio-therapy are vital to a successful outcome. It remains to be seen however whether more constrained joints would provide better functional results in the rheumatoid patient with severe bone erosion and rotator cuff destruction. In spite of the problems still to be solved, the author would regard total joint replacement as being the treatment of choice in the markedly eroded gleno-humeral joint presenting with severe pain and limitation of function. Moreover in the event of mechanical failure or infection, it would still seem to be possible to salvage adequate painfree function either by removal of the prosthesis and the creation of a pseudarthrosis or by arthrodesis. PMID- 6614849 TI - Surgery of the elbow joint in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A review is made of the literature of the mechanics of the elbow joint and the types of operations available. It is clear that the elbow is a complex joint and that in patients with rheumatoid arthritis destruction and disability occurs relatively late in the disease. Of the operations available, synovectomy and excision of the radial head are best done early in order to obtain the movement of supination and pronation. Total elbow replacement, particularly the unconstrained type is producing encouraging results and seems rational in view of the structure of the elbow. However it is early days in the design of these prostheses and the clear message is that the patients need full assessment in the light of their other joints involved. PMID- 6614850 TI - Surgical treatment of the rheumatoid wrist. AB - Normal wrist function must be understood if effective treatment is to be achieved in the rheumatoid wrist. Surgical treatment in this region is considered in two groups: 1. Synovectomy for prophylactic and symptomatic relief 2. Salvage procedures consisted of arthroplasties and arthrodesis in the severely destroyed joints to improve cosmetic appearance and offer some control over the finger functions. PMID- 6614851 TI - Skeletal surgery in the treatment of the rheumatoid hand. AB - Surgery of the rheumatoid hand is complex. It is important to understand the pathophysiology of deformity at the several linkaged joints of convexity of the wrist, metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints. Pegging offers one of the best and reliable techniques of stabilising the joints. However, arthroplasty and soft tissue reconstruction play equally important roles in restoring hand function. PMID- 6614852 TI - Implant arthroplasty for metacarpal and interphalangeal joints in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - An ongoing research project for the development of flexible implants for small joint arthroplasty in the extremities has been carried out since 1962 by the senior author, based on the concept that a low-modulus implant would not harm bone because of its force dampening characteristics. Implants made of medical grade silicone elastomer were designed, developed and extensively tested in laboratory and clinical studies. Long term clinical, radiographic and biological studies have shown these implants to have excellent biocompatibility and biodurability. The flexible implants act as dynamic spacers to help maintain proper joint alignment and spacing, while supporting the new capsuloligamentous system that develops around them. The flexible implants act as an adjunct to resection arthroplasty to make its' results more predictable, reproducible and durable. Our long term results have shown that flexible implant resection arthroplasty can provide very good durability, range of motion, stability, pain relief, biotolerance and retrievability. The indications, contraindications, surgical techniques and postoperative rehabilitation methods will be discussed for the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints. PMID- 6614853 TI - A method of evaluation of results after coracoclavicular ligament rupture. AB - A method of evaluation of results after coracoclavicular ligament rupture is proposed with consideration of treatment duration, pain, mobility and use of extremity. It has been applied in 13 cases among whom 8 had been operated on. The small number does not allow definite conclusions but is in favour of conservative treatment. PMID- 6614854 TI - Pathologic findings in silicone spallation: autopsy and biopsy studies. AB - It was recently demonstrated that spallation and migration of silicone occurs from blood pump tubings. The embolic particles were widely disseminated in the mononuclear phagocytic system of patients treated by repeated haemodialysis and were associated with a granulomatous inflammation in the liver. This paper presents a detailed documentation of the light microscopic and ultrastructural morphology of embolised silicone in tissue sections from 31 autopsied patients and 41 biopsied liver samples which comprised the original series. The appearances and optical features of silicone appear to be sufficiently characteristic to allow its recognition on morphologic criteria alone. PMID- 6614855 TI - [Comparison of various treatments for tumoral acromegaly. Study of initial prognostic factors]. PMID- 6614856 TI - [Thyroid cancer. A multidimensional analysis of prognostic factors]. AB - 189 patients treated from 1970 to 1979 were reviewed. The isolated prognostic value on 10-year survival of age, histology, sex, tumor size and metastases was confirmed. Using Cox model, histology, age and sex appeared to be sufficient to settle a prognosis, while histology was the most determining prognostic factor. From these 3 variables, a prognosis score was proposed. Patients were distributed among 3 prognostic groups, the 10 years survivals of which were respectively 93%, 57% and 28% (p less than 0,001). PMID- 6614857 TI - Effect of clomiphene citrate on the testis, epididymis and accessory sex glands of the musk shrew (Suncus murinus L.). AB - The effects of oral administration of clomiphene citrate (50 mg/kg body weight) on the testis, epididymis and accessory sex glands of the musk shrew were investigated. The drug induced duration-dependent alterations in the weight and histology of these organs. The drug produced significant reduction in testicular weight with severe degenerative changes in seminiferous tubules; Leydig cells were also atrophied. However, no significant change was found in the levels of protein, RNA and DNA in the testes of drug-treated animals as compared with controls. Epididymis in drug-treated shrews exhibited significant decrease in weight and regressive histological changes. Spermatozoa collected from the cauda epididymidis of drug-treated shrews were immotile and often fragmented. Clomiphene treatment also induced regressive histological changes in the prostate and ampullary gland accompanied by significant decrease in the weight. The treatment also caused significant decrease in the level of fructose in the ampullary glands. Following withdrawal of the drug, the reproductive organs returned to their normal state. Full recovery was noticed in the accessory sex glands 28 days after drug withdrawal. However, full spermatogenic activity and normal epididymal histology were achieved only after 56 days The mechanism of action of clomiphene on the male reproductive organs is briefly discussed. PMID- 6614858 TI - [4th French Congress of Endocrinology. Marseilles, 12-14 September 1983. Abstracts]. PMID- 6614859 TI - Genotype-environment relationships: an analysis of stature distribution curves during the last century in Italy. AB - The secular trend of stature in Italy from 1874 to 1960 has been examined using military records concerning nearly complete samples of males born in Italy in given years. The national mean value increased by nine cm (about one cm/decade) and the averages of the different Italian regions tend progressively to aggregate towards higher values (the north) and lower ones (the south). The rate of increase of stature was more or less constant up to subjects born in 1945, but in the period 1945-55 a very steep increase was observed. In more recent times, a clear slowing down has taken place both at national and regional level. The following moments around the mean were investigated: (1) variance--the national value has remained more or less constant and regional values pass from very diverse figures to very similar ones; (2) skewness--the initially negative national value has become slightly positive; in the regions, from very diverse negative values a close aggregation around zero is recently attained; (3) kurtosis--initial national hyperkurtosis has reduced to values typical of the Normal distribution; the same is true for regional figures which, moreover, have become closely aggregated. The increasing fit of stature distribution to the Normal distribution agrees with the hypothesis of an increasing expression of the genetic endowment in consequence of a progressive improvement in living conditions. PMID- 6614860 TI - Waiting times to first birth in a rural area. AB - The waiting time between marriage and first birth is a particularly interesting parameter, for it reveals both the fertility of a given population as well as its social behaviour with regard to reproduction and the institution of marriage. Such waiting times were analysed in 289 nuclear families in the village of Chateauponsac, Limousin, France according to maternal marital age and social class. After correction for age effects, it was shown that women from the working class tended to have their first child much earlier than those in other occupational groups--often either before marriage or conceived prenuptially. It is concluded that this behaviour arises from economic factors rather than through differential use of contraceptives. PMID- 6614861 TI - Rare and unusual alleles in Alaskan ethnic groups. AB - Frequencies of AK31, AK61, UMPK2, DPGM2, GOT2S, GOT3S, PGP2, RDS2, PGDc, DIA4, NP2 and PEPB6 in 18 language groups were estimated. Four of these alleles occurred in only a single group, but the rest were found in no systematic way in several. The results suggest that some of the alleles were present in early ancestors of these groups, but have disappeared from many of them because of the small size of the groups and their lack of contact with one another. PMID- 6614862 TI - Ages at menopause and menarche in a high-altitude Himalayan population. AB - Women in a Tibetan speaking population living at 3250-3560 m in Upper Chumik, Nepal, have median ages at menopause and menarche of 46.8 and 16.2 years, respectively, assessed by the status quo technique. Recalled ages at menopause and menarche yield similar results and suggest a long-term existence of a pattern of relatively accelerated age at menopause and delayed age at menarche. Variation in the length of the calculated biological reproductive span in this sample is more strongly associated with recalled age at menopause than recalled age at menarche. The age at menopause in Upper Chumik is accelerated relative to that reported for Western industrial populations; however, these data do not permit drawing conclusions about the reasons underlying the acceleration. PMID- 6614863 TI - Causes of an extremely high local twinning rate. AB - The Romanian village Eftimie Murgu, until recently quite endogamous, shows a remarkably high total twinning frequency of 20% between 1927 and 1977. Some other demographic properties are unusual too: the secular development of twinning is not so much characterized by a steady frequency decline as by a sharp and temporary depression after World War II. The distribution of twins on maternal age and parity is not only characterized by an increase with age/parity but there is also a peak in the lowest ages/parities. The well-known higher fertility of twins' mothers is confirmed. In order to check the possible genetic determination of the high twin frequency, pedigrees of six to eight generations were reconstructed for every twin; moreover, twin frequencies of other isolated Romanian villages were examined for comparison. These data suggest that genetics is an important cause of twin births. PMID- 6614864 TI - Is there an association between ABO blood groups and primary osteoarthrosis of the hip? AB - ABO frequencies are reported in a series of 341 patients undergoing total hip replacement (THR) for primary (idiopathic) osteoarthrosis. Diagnosis of primary osteoarthrosis was made on the basis of clinical history, radiography, and histology of the excised femoral head. Compared to a control group of blood donors from the same geographical area there is a significant deficit of group O among the arthritic patients. It is suggested that there may be a heritable component in the susceptibility to develop osteoarthrosis in an otherwise normal hip-joint. PMID- 6614865 TI - Haptoglobin polymorphism in Egyptians. AB - In 505 random serum samples from unrelated healthy genuine Egyptians, haptoglobin 2-2 phenotypes were most prevalent, though statistically were as common as haptoglobin 2-1 phenotypes. High inbreeding with average inbreeding coefficient of 0.0145 explains the deviation of Egyptian haptoglobin phenotypes from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. PMID- 6614866 TI - A note on familial relationships in I.Q. PMID- 6614867 TI - Quantitative variations in polymorphic types of human red cell esterase D. AB - Human red cell esterase D was analysed quantitatively in Japanese samples. Among the three esterase D phenotypes there was a significant difference in catalytic activity, with an approximate ratio of 7:5:3 for EsD 1, EsD 2-1 and EsD 2. With a few inter-type individuals, the distribution of their activity values was plotted in a tri-modal curve. These results suggest that the esterase D system in human red cells is qualitatively and even quantitatively controlled by genes. PMID- 6614868 TI - Estimation of fixation indices and gene diversities. AB - Considering the multinomial sampling of genotypes, unbiased estimators of various gene diversity measures in subdivided populations are presented. Using these quantities, formulae for estimating Wright's fixation indices (FIS, FIT, and FST) from a finite sample are developed. PMID- 6614869 TI - The role of the neurologist in the decline of stroke. AB - Mortality from stroke in the United States has been declining since 1900. In the population of Rochester, Minnesota the primary cause of the decline was shown to be the decrease in the incidence of new cases of stroke from 1945 through 1979. The neurologist's primary contribution to stroke prevention is the identification and management of patients who have had transient focal cerebral ischemic attacks. Although the presence of these attacks is a powerful risk for stroke occurrence, their low prevalence and the lack of clearly effective medical or surgical treatment make it unlikely that management of transient focal cerebral ischemic attacks accounts for much of the decline in the incidence or mortality of stroke. PMID- 6614870 TI - Regional metabolic changes in the spinal cord related to spinal shock and later hyperreflexia in monkeys. AB - The regional metabolic rate for glucose (rMRglu) was studied in macaque monkeys after spinal cord transection at T10, both during spinal shock and after reflexes had returned. The rMRglu was measured in all Rexed layers in cord segments both caudal and rostral to the level of the transection utilizing the quantitative [14C]deoxyglucose technique. The monkeys in spinal shock exhibited a significant increase in rMRglu in Rexed layer I and a significant reduction in layers VI to IX of the lumbosacral cord. In contrast, after reflexes had returned the rMRglu was increased in all Rexed layers of the lumbosacral cord; this increase was significant in layers I, V, and VI. PMID- 6614871 TI - "Primary" spinal intramedullary lymphomas: a review. AB - Primary spinal lymphoma carries a low incidence and poor prognosis. The most reliable diagnostic signs have been segmental swelling of the cord on myelography and increased cellularity of cerebrospinal fluid. Biopsies of spinal tumors or their cerebral extensions showed lymphoma of the non-Hodgkin type only. Peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining for light chains helps to distinguish well differentiated lymphomas from infectious processes in some instances. A lymphoma in an immunosuppressed patient fulfilling all criteria for primary growth in the spinal cord is described, and the case compared with others in the literature. Combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy provided a 48-month survival in one patient. PMID- 6614872 TI - Saccadic intrusions in internuclear ophthalmoplegia. AB - Saccadic intrusions disrupted forward fixation in four patients with bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO). Three had multiple sclerosis and one had brainstem infarction. Sporadic bursts of monocular abducting saccades were recorded in either eye. Each saccade was followed by a slower return to midposition. The presence of the INO prevented conjugate saccades of the fellow eye. The adducting phases were faster than convergence eye movements or the glissadic smooth eye movements that sometimes follow saccades. Dynamic overshoot of the abducting saccadic phase may contribute to the relatively rapid adducting phase. The saccadic intrusions of INO are recognized clinically as monocular horizontal oscillation; low-amplitude intrusions are evident only during funduscopy. This distinctive dyskinesia is considered a sign of involvement extrinsic to the medial longitudinal fasciculi in patients with INO. PMID- 6614873 TI - Specific messenger RNA changes in Joseph disease cerebella. AB - Joseph disease is an autosomal-dominant, spinocerebellar degeneration characterized at the biochemical level by elevations in the steady-state levels of several abundant proteins (H, J, and L) in affected brain areas such as the cerebellar cortex. The increased levels of these proteins could either be a consequence of a relative increase in their de novo synthesis or result from altered rates of proteolysis in degenerating brain cells. These alternatives can be distinguished by comparing the in vitro protein-synthetic capacities of the messenger ribonucleic acid populations isolated from cerebellar cortex of control subjects and patients with Joseph disease. Protein H (glial fibrillary acidic protein) is synthesized at detectable levels by all messenger ribonucleic acid isolates, and the levels of its translatable messenger ribonucleic acid are reproducibly increased in ribonucleic acids isolated from cerebellar cortex of patients with Joseph disease as compared with those isolated from cerebellar cortex of control subjects. Thus, the increased level of protein H in Joseph disease is a consequence of an increase in its de novo synthesis and is correlated with the increased number of cerebellar glial cells. In contrast to these results, there is no detectable synthesis of proteins J and L by messenger ribonucleic acid populations isolated from cerebellar cortex of either Joseph disease patients or control subjects, suggesting that the increased levels of these proteins in affected cerebellar cortex are a consequence of posttranslational protein modifications. PMID- 6614874 TI - Distribution of electrical myotonia in myotonic muscular dystrophy. AB - Twenty-five successive patients with myotonic dystrophy were examined to determine the anatomical distribution of electrical myotonia. Proximal and distal limb muscles and orbicularis oris and masseter muscles were examined. Electrical myotonia was present in all muscles examined in only 3 patients. Moreover, of the 15 muscles examined, none showed myotonic discharges in every patient, the highest individual muscle involvement being 96%. PMID- 6614875 TI - Hyperglycemia is not associated with mortality in bacterial meningitis. AB - An association between hyperglycemia and mortality from cerebral ischemia has been reported in both animals and man. Recently, a similar observation has been made in animals with bacterial meningitis. The present study of 83 patients with bacterial meningitis showed no association between initial serum glucose concentration and subsequent mortality. Therefore, no therapeutic recommendations regarding optimal blood glucose levels in patients with meningitis can be made at this time. PMID- 6614877 TI - Lithium in the "on-off" phenomenon. PMID- 6614876 TI - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: successful treatment with dantrolene and bromocriptine. AB - A patient with chronic schizophrenia treated with fluphenazine developed neuroleptic malignant syndrome, characterized by fever, obtundation, rigidity, and tremulousness. Hyperthermia and elevated serum creatine kinase were successfully corrected by parenteral treatment with dantrolene. Obtundation, rigidity, and tremulousness responded to high doses of bromocriptine. PMID- 6614878 TI - Phenytoin-induced dystonia. PMID- 6614879 TI - Experiential phenomena of temporal epilepsy. PMID- 6614880 TI - Reciprocal excitation of antagonistic muscles in "spasticity". PMID- 6614881 TI - Palatal myoclonus responding to trihexyphenidyl. PMID- 6614882 TI - [Memory for faces]. PMID- 6614883 TI - [Recovery following induced adaptation to sound]. PMID- 6614884 TI - Psychosocial and vocational rehabilitation approaches to multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6614885 TI - Vocational rehabilitation in the private, profit-making sector. PMID- 6614886 TI - Behavioral rehabilitation of the chronic pain patient. PMID- 6614887 TI - Evaluation of rehabilitation continuing education. PMID- 6614888 TI - Functional assessment and outcome measurement: an integrative review. PMID- 6614889 TI - Enterococci from Bangkok, Thailand, with high-level resistance to currently available aminoglycosides. AB - Enterococcal endocarditis is usually treated with a combination of a penicillin and an aminoglycoside. Recent reports have documented the emergence of enterococci in France with high-level resistance to gentamicin, tobramycin, and kanamycin and the emergence of strains in Houston, Tex. with high-level resistance to all of these drugs and streptomycin. In this study, we examined strains from a geographic area where newer aminoglycosides have been less commonly used. Of 125 distinct patient isolates, 18 (14%) were resistant to greater than 2,000 micrograms of gentamicin and most other aminoglycosides per ml. Four of these strains transferred gentamicin resistance to a laboratory recipient. One strain, chosen for further study, was resistant to synergism between penicillin and gentamicin, tobramycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and amikacin and demonstrated the following enzymatic activities: 3'- and 2" aminoglycoside phosphotransferases, 6'-aminoglycoside acetyltransferase, and adenylylation of streptomycin. Optimal therapy for endocarditis caused by such highly resistant strains is currently unknown. PMID- 6614890 TI - Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of ticarcillin combined with clavulanic acid. AB - A combination of 3 g of ticarcillin and 200 mg of clavulanic acid was administered intravenously to six healthy male volunteers, after which the concentrations of these agents in serum and blister fluid were measured. The ratio of the two drugs in serum varied from 15:1 (ticarcillin-clavulanic acid) at the time of administration to 28:1 at 30 min and 62:1 at 5 h after injection. Both agents penetrated blister fluid rapidly, the ratio being 33:1 at 1 h and 66:1 at 3 h. The elimination rates of these agents were different, but for each compound they were similar in serum and blister fluid. PMID- 6614891 TI - Inhibition of glycosylation of bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoproteins by the thymidine analog (E)-5-(2 Bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine. AB - (E)-5-(2-Bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVdU) was phosphorylated by the bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1)-induced thymidine kinase and subsequently incorporated into viral DNA, resulting in DNA that was more dense than DNA from untreated cells. Incorporation of the drug did not result in the termination of replicating BHV-1 DNA molecules since radioactively labeled DNA synthesized in drug-treated and untreated cells sedimented at similar rates in alkaline sucrose gradients. No differences were observed in the electrophoretic mobility of [35S]methionine labeled viral polypeptides synthesized in treated and untreated cells, although [3H]glucosamine-labeled viral glycoproteins synthesized in treated cells were of a lower molecular weight than those in untreated cells. In BVdU-treated cells, unlike untreated cells, immature neutral and basic precursors of the mature viral glycoproteins accumulated. Although BVdU-treated and untreated cells contained similar amounts of virus, very little virus was released into the culture supernatant from BVdU-treated cells. Our results suggest that BVdU partially inhibits the glycosylation of BHV-1 glycoproteins. BVdU-sensitive glycosylation, however, is not necessary for expression of these glycoproteins on the surface of infected cells since the glycoproteins could be labeled on intact cells with 125I and because BVdU-treated cells remained sensitive to antibody-dependent, cell mediated cytotoxity mediated by anti-BHV-1 serum. The phosphorylation of BVdU was a prerequisite for its effect on glycosylation since the glycoproteins of a thymidine kinase-deficient mutant of BHV-1 were not affected. PMID- 6614892 TI - Effects of AC-1370, a new semisynthetic cephalosporin, on phagocyte functions. AB - The effects of a new semisynthetic cephalosporin, AC-1370, on phagocyte functions were compared with those of cefoperazone. AC-1370 augmented phagocytosis by mouse macrophages in vitro and in vivo, by mouse neutrophils in vivo, and by human neutrophils in vitro. Cefoperazone suppressed phagocytosis by mouse macrophages and neutrophils. Random migration and chemotaxis of mouse and human neutrophils were increased by the addition of AC-1370. Nitroblue tetrazolium reduction by human neutrophils was enhanced by the addition of AC-1370. Intracellular killing of bacteria by macrophages was also enhanced by AC-1370. Further, bactericidal effects of AC-1370 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were augmented when they were each cultured with mouse or human leukocytes. These results suggest that AC-1370 is an unique beta-lactam antibiotic which has a potentiating effect on phagocyte functions as well as a bactericidal effect. PMID- 6614893 TI - Increase of amikacin half-life during therapy in patients with renal insufficiency. AB - Serum kinetics of amikacin were investigated in 17 severely ill patients. During both the first and last dose intervals of therapy, the serum concentration time course of every patient was documented by 17 blood samples. Six of the patients had moderate to severe renal insufficiency (serum creatinine greater than 1.5 mg/100 ml). In this group of patients, a pronounced rise in serum half-life of amikacin was observed, increasing from a mean of 11.2 to 21.5 h for the first and last interval, respectively. In contrast, mean half-life remained stable in the group of 11 patients with normal renal function. No change in mean serum creatinine occurred in either group, when data from the beginning and the end of therapy were compared. Therefore, the increase of amikacin half-life is apparently not due to a reduction of the glomerular filtration rate, but rather to a decrease of the ratio of amikacin to creatinine clearance. Indeed, a significant reduction of this ratio could be shown in the seven patients in which 24-h creatinine clearance was determined during the first and last day of therapy. This phenomenon is discussed in the context of aminoglycoside accumulation in deep compartments. We conclude that the daily dose of amikacin has to be reduced during therapy in patients with impaired, but stable, renal function. PMID- 6614894 TI - Comparison of the nephrotoxicity and auditory toxicity of tobramycin and amikacin. AB - A total of 157 patients were treated with tobramycin or amikacin in a controlled prospective randomized trial. Dosages were adjusted to renal function according to a nomogram. Trough and peak aminoglycoside levels were available at the end of the trial. Of the above total, 113 recipients of nine or more doses of tobramycin or six or more doses of amikacin, without other apparent cause of renal failure, were evaluated for nephrotoxicity. Thirty-six patients were evaluated for auditory toxicity. The patients in groups evaluated for either nephrotoxicity or auditory toxicity were similar with respect to intensity and etiology of bacterial disease, concurrent exposure to other antimicrobial drugs, age and sex distribution, initial serum creatinine level, and total dose and duration of antimicrobial therapy. Nephrotoxicity of similar severity developed in 4 of 59 (6.8%) recipients of tobramycin and in 7 of 54 (13.1%) recipients of amikacin (P greater than 0.05). Mild auditory toxicity developed in 3 of 19 (15.7%) recipients of tobramycin and in 2 of 17 (11.7%) recipients of amikacin (P greater than 0.05). When patients with abnormally high mean trough or peak aminoglycoside levels were excluded from comparison, nephrotoxicity was 6.12 and 5.12% (P greater than 0.05) and auditory toxicity was 17.6 and 7.69% (P greater than 0.05) in the groups given tobramycin and amikacin, respectively. We conclude that the nephrotoxicity and auditory toxicity of amikacin and tobramycin are not significantly different and that such toxicities are indeed infrequent events when the dosages of these drugs are adjusted to hold blood levels within the safe boundaries suggested by the studies of others. PMID- 6614895 TI - Effect of beta-lactam antibiotics on migration and bactericidal activity of human phagocytes. AB - The effect of beta-lactam antibiotics upon some functions of human phagocytes was examined. Penicillins (carbenicillin and piperacillin), thienamycin, and cephalosporins (cefotetan, ceftazidime, and moxalactam) had no effect on either the random or directional migration or on the bactericidal activity of neutrophils and monocytes against Staphylococcus aureus. On the contrary, cefoperazone at therapeutic levels was shown to inhibit neutrophil chemotaxis. PMID- 6614896 TI - Modified broth-disk surveillance of clindamycin-resistant Bacteroides fragilis group. AB - The modified broth-disk susceptibility test was used to assess the incidence of clindamycin resistance in the Bacteroides fragilis group. Over a 34-month period, 544 isolates were tested, 21 (4%) of which were found to be resistant. There was no significant difference in resistance among the six species, and resistance did not increase with time. In a 12-disk assay, the concentrations of clindamycin achieved approximated the concentrations expected (expected breakpoint, 4.8 micrograms/ml). PMID- 6614897 TI - Pichia euphorbiae sp. nov., a new haploid heterothallic yeast species. AB - Representatives of an undescribed, haploid, heterothallic yeast species, Pichia euphorbiae, have been recovered from insect-infested specimens of Euphorbia ingens. The new species is considered to be another representative of the apparently related group of heterothallic species, comprising Pichia rhodanensis, Pichia wickerhamii, Pichia veronae, Pichia amylophila, Pichia mississippiensis and Pichia meyerae. While no mating response was observed in interspecific mixtures of the mating types of the new species with the mating types of the first five mentioned species, a sexual response, manifested by the formation of non-sporulating zygotes, was nevertheless detected with the mating types of P. meyerae. Prototrophic hybrids obtained by crossing auxotrophic mutants of the mating types of P. euphorbiae and P. meyerae were found to be only partial recombinants. A description of the new species is given. PMID- 6614899 TI - Cryptococcus phylloplanus and Cryptococcus hinnuleus, two new yeast species. PMID- 6614898 TI - Anaerobic gram-negative faecal flora in patients with Crohn's disease and healthy subjects. AB - The anaerobic gram-negative faecal flora of five patients with Crohn's Disease (CD) was identified and compared with that of healthy subjects. For isolation and cultivation of the anaerobic gram-negative rods a non-selective medium was used. There were no significant differences in numbers of Bacteroides and Fusobacterium spp. between patients with CD and healthy subjects. However, the numbers of the "Bacteroides fragilis" group were significantly higher in patients than in controls. The high numbers of the "B. fragilis" group in the faeces of patients were particularly due to B. vulgatus which was 6 times more frequent in patients than in healthy subjects. This indicated that B. vulgatus was responsible for the higher numbers of anaerobic gram-negative rods in the faecal flora of patients with CD. PMID- 6614900 TI - Glyoxylate conversion by Hyphomicrobium species grown on allantoin as nitrogen source. AB - Glyoxylate, formed as a result of allantoin degradation, is converted by Hyphomicrobium species to glycerate via tartronate semialdehyde. Glyoxylate carboligase and tartronate semialdehyde reductase, the two enzymes involved, are present only in cells grown on allantoin as nitrogen source. PMID- 6614901 TI - Metabolism of T-2 toxin in Curtobacterium sp. strain 114-2. AB - The metabolic pathway of T-2 toxin in Curtobacterium sp. strain 114, one of the T 2 toxin-assimilating soil bacteria, was investigated by thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatographic analyses. T-2 toxin added to the basal medium as a single carbon and energy source was biotransformed into HT-2 toxin and an unknown metabolite. Infrared, mass spectrum, proton magnetic resonance, and other physico-chemical analyses identified this new metabolite as T-2 triol. T-2 toxin was first deacetylated by the bacterium into HT-2 toxin, and this metabolite was then biotransformed into T-2 triol without formation of neosolaniol and T-2 tetraol. No trichothecenes remained in the culture medium after prolonged culture. Some properties of T-2 toxin-hydrolyzing enzymes were observed with whole cells, the cell-free soluble fraction, and the culture filtrate. Besides T-2 toxin, trichothecenes such as diacetoxyscirpenol, neosolaniol, nivalenol, and fusarenon X were also assimilated by this bacterium. PMID- 6614902 TI - Monensin-resistant bacteria in the rumens of calves on monensin-containing and unmedicated diets. AB - Total and monensin-resistant anaerobic bacterial populations and volatile fatty acid concentrations were examined in the rumens of steers fed monensin-containing (33 mg/kg) and unmedicated diets. Total anaerobic counts on a habitat-simulating medium ranged from 7.1 X 10(8) to 7.1 X 10(9) CFU/g of rumen ingesta and were not significantly different in animals fed the two diets. The mean percentage of the anaerobic population resistant to monensin (10 micrograms/ml) was significantly greater in animals receiving the monensin-supplemented diet for 33 days than in those receiving the unmedicated diet (63.6 and 32.8%, respectively). Treatment group differences in monensin resistance tended to develop later than characteristic differences in acetate/propionate ratios. Relative proportions of resistant organisms in monensin-fed animals remained significantly greater for at least 18 days after monensin was deleted from the ration, whereas acetate/propionate ratios increased to values comparable to those in the control within 10 days. These data suggest that monensin-resistant bacteria may be present in greater numbers in the rumens of animals fed monensin-supplemented diets. However, greater proportions of monensin-resistant organisms were not necessarily associated with altered fermentation patterns. PMID- 6614903 TI - Degradation of ethylene glycol and polyethylene glycols by methanogenic consortia. AB - Methanogenic enrichments capable of degrading polyethylene glycol and ethylene glycol were obtained from sewage sludge. Ethanol, acetate, methane, and (in the case of polyethylene glycols) ethylene glycol were detected as products. The sequence of product formation suggested that the ethylene oxide unit [HO-(CH2-CH2 O-)xH] was dismutated to acetate and ethanol; ethanol was subsequently oxidized to acetate by a syntrophic association that produced methane. The rates of degradation for ethylene, diethylene, and polyethylene glycol with molecular weights of 400, 1,000, and 20,000, respectively, were inversely related to the number of ethylene oxide monomers per molecule and ranged from 0.84 to 0.13 mM ethylene oxide units degraded per h. The enrichments were shown to best metabolize glycols close to the molecular weight of the substrate on which they were enriched. The anaerobic degradation of polyethylene glycol (molecular weight, 20,000) may be important in the light of the general resistance of polyethylene glycols to aerobic degradation. PMID- 6614904 TI - Alkalotolerance of Yersinia enterocolitica as a basis for selective isolation from food enrichments. AB - Alkalotolerance of Yersinia enterocolitica measured in solutions of potassium hydroxide with 0.5% sodium chloride was influenced by the cell suspension medium, temperature, and growth phase. The rate of cell destruction (delta log N per minute) was five times greater at 30 degrees C than at 20 degrees C. Differences in the degree of cell destruction at various concentrations of potassium hydroxide were related to pH and not to osmolarity. The addition of peptones to potassium hydroxide provided a protective effect that was greater for cells suspended in Trypticase soy broth than for those suspended in phosphate-buffered sorbitol-bile salts broth. Log-phase cells were less alkalotolerant than cells in the stationary phase of growth. A modified procedure for alkali treatment, using peptone-supplemented 0.5% potassium hydroxide-0.5% sodium chloride and the addition of a pH 6.6 buffer after treatment to prevent further cell destruction, was used to observe a marked difference in alkalotolerance between Y. enterocolitica and other gram-negative bacteria. Despite this difference, alkali treatment was not highly successful for recovery of Y. enterocolitica from enrichments of seeded foods in comparison with selective enrichment in bile oxalate-sorbose broth. PMID- 6614905 TI - Influence of sewage treatment and urbanization on selection of multiple resistance in fecal coliform populations. AB - The fecal coliform populations found in the raw sewages and final sewage effluents of mechanical treatment plants, a long-term retention lagoon, shorter term retention lagoons, a remote northern Canada river, and a heavily urbanized prairie river were examined for antibiotic resistance and the possession of R factors. It was determined that there was a decrease in the percentage of multiresistant fecal coliform populations in the mechanical sewage treatment plants and shorter-term retention lagoons; however, there was an increase in populations from the long-term retention lagoon. The percentage of the populations possessing transmissible R factors was constant in the mechanical treatment and shorter-term retention facilities; however, the ability to transmit was lost in 50% of the infective population of the long-term retention facility. A striking contrast was found between the populations of the remote northern Slave River and those of the urbanized Red River. Of the fecal coliforms in the Slave River, 7.1% were multiresistant, and only 0.79% possessed transmissible R factors. The Red River fecal coliform populations were 52.9% multiresistant, and 18.77% of the total population possessed transmissible R factors. The influence of urbanization and the type of sewage treatment have been shown to affect the selection and survival of multiresistant fecal coliforms and R+ fecal coliforms. Determination of other factors influencing the development and the survival of these populations is needed for rational wastewater management and water quality consideration. PMID- 6614906 TI - Psychrotrophic Brocothrix thermosphacta bacteriophages isolated from beef. AB - A total of 15 wild-type Brocothrix thermosphacta strains isolated from beef and the type strain, B. thermosphacta ATCC 11509, were used as hosts for the isolation of bacteriophages under psychrotrophic conditions (7 degrees C). A total of 21 virulent, psychrotrophic phages were successfully isolated and purified from aqueous extracts of spoiled rib steaks. Phage plaque size and plating efficiency significantly increased as incubation temperature was reduced from 25 to 1 degree C. Electron microscopy of two homologous B. thermosphacta phages showed the virions to consist of hexagonal heads and tails, with terminal appendages clearly visible on one of the phages. On the basis of culture and biochemical data, the wild-type B. thermosphacta strains had characteristics identical to those of strain ATCC 11509. However, specific differences in the pattern of susceptibilities to the phages revealed the presence of 14 distinct phage lysotypes. Phage typing may provide a rapid and sensitive means of differentiating B. thermosphacta strains. PMID- 6614907 TI - Incidence and level of Vibrio parahaemolyticus associated with freshwater plankton. AB - We isolated Vibrio parahaemolyticus from plankton samples collected from different freshwater areas in the vicinity of Calcutta, India. Levels of this organism in association with freshwater plankton were low (less than 90 organisms per g). All of the 16 strains of V. parahaemolyticus isolated in this study were Kanagawa negative, and all except 1 were untypable. The occurrence of V. parahaemolyticus in association with freshwater plankton suggests that adsorption onto plankton may aid the survival of this moderately halophilic organism in freshwater milieus. PMID- 6614908 TI - Anaerobic biodegradation of phenolic compounds in digested sludge. AB - We examined the anaerobic degradation of phenol and the ortho, meta, and para isomers of chlorophenol, methoxyphenol, methylphenol (cresol), and nitrophenol in anaerobic sewage sludge diluted to 10% in a mineral salts medium. Of the 12 monosubstituted phenols studied, only p-chlorophenol and o-cresol were not significantly degraded during an 8-week incubation period. The phenol compounds degraded and the time required for complete substrate disappearance (in weeks) were: phenol (2), o-chlorophenol (3), m-chlorophenol (7), o-methoxyphenol (2), m- and p-methoxyphenol (1), m-cresol (7), p-cresol (3), and o-, m-, and p nitrophenol (1). Complete mineralization of phenol, o-chlorophenol, m-cresol, p cresol, o-nitrophenol, p-nitrophenol, and o-, m-, and p-methoxyphenol was observed. In general, the presence of Cl and NO2 groups on phenols inhibited methane production. Elimination or transformation of these substituents was accompanied by increased methane production, o-Chlorophenol was metabolized to phenol, which indicated that dechlorination was the initial degradation step. The methoxyphenols were transformed to the corresponding dihydroxybenzene compounds, which were subsequently mineralized. PMID- 6614909 TI - Neuraminidase in Bacteroides fragilis. AB - A neuraminidase from Bacteroides fragilis was purified 542-fold by isoelectric focusing, adsorption chromatography on Affi-Gel 202, and gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-200. On isoelectric focusing the neuraminidase was resolved into three differently charged fractions with pI values of 6.8, 7.1, and 7.4. The major component of pI 7.1 was used for further purification. The purified enzyme had optimal activity at pH 6.4 with N-acetylneuraminlactose as the substrate. Its molecular weight, determined by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration chromatography, was 92,000. The neuraminidase hydrolyzed terminal neuraminic acid residues from N-acetylneuraminlactose, fetuin, bovine submaxillary mucin, and porcine stomach lining mucin. A new method for the detection of neuraminidase activity is described which is based on rocket affinoelectrophoresis. It utilizes the differences in the interaction of sialylated and desialylated mucin with Helix pomatia lectin, enzymatic activity being detected by formation of affinorockets after incubation of the neuraminidase with bovine submaxillary mucin. PMID- 6614910 TI - Monte Carlo calculations on the conformations of models for the glycopeptide linkage of glycoproteins. AB - In order to search for probable conformations of the peptide, the amino acid side chain, and the carbohydrate linkage in glycoproteins, conformational energy surfaces of glycopeptide model compounds were studied by Monte Carlo methods using the Metropolis algorithm. The potential energies were composed of empirical energy functions which include nonbonded interactions, electrostatics, hydrogen bonding, and torsional energies specified by parameters which have been used for peptides. Calculations were performed on 1-N-acetyl-2-acetamido-beta-D glucopyranosyl amine and the glycosylated dipeptide N-acetyl-delta-N-(2-acetamido beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-L-asparaginyl-N'-methyl amide as models for N-glycosylated peptides and on methyl-2-acetamido-alpha-D-galactopyranoside as well as the glycosylated dipeptides N-acetyl-gamma-O-(2-acetamido-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl)-L threonyl-N'-methyl amide and its seryl analog as models for O-glycosylated glycoproteins. The probable conformations of these compounds were analyzed by single-angle probability tables and by two-dimensional conformation density maps projected from the Markov chains which contained up to six independently varied conformational dihedral angles. The presence of high barriers to rotation required the use of search strategies which resulted in a rather low acceptance rate for new conformations in the Metropolis algorithm in order to avoid trapping of the Markov chain in local energy minima. This problem contributed to the failure of these calculations to attain complete convergence to the thermodynamic limit for the glycosylated dipeptide models in which six dihedral angles were independently varied. Analysis of the results shows that the conformational space available to the highly crowded axial glycosides of the alpha-O-GalNAc type is much more restricted than that for the N-asparaginyl glycopeptides. The most probable conformation for the O-glycosylated peptides is is a beta-turn while N glycosylated peptides may be either in a beta-turn or an extended conformation. PMID- 6614911 TI - One-electron reduction of adriamycin: properties of the semiquinone. AB - Pulse radiolysis of aqueous solutions containing adriamycin and redox indicators of known one-electron reduction potential (E1) shows that its E1 at pH 7 is -328 mV (vs NHE). The variation E1 with pH in the range 6-12 shows that the net charge on the semiquinone at pH 7 is zero. As well as the pKa values of 2.9 and greater than or equal to 14 established independently, the semiquinone has a pKa close to 9.2. The new data enable the structure and likely reactivity of the semiquinone to be specified. PMID- 6614912 TI - Environment of the aromatic chromophores of acyl carrier protein. AB - Acyl carrier protein contains two phenylalanines (residues 28 and 50) and one tyrosine (residue 71). The environment of these chromophores was assessed using first-derivative spectroscopy to examine the uv absorption spectrum of acyl carrier protein in detail. In particular, the phenylalanine absorption maxima were perturbed from the water spectrum, and experiments with model systems suggested that the phenylalanines of acyl carrier protein reside in an environment more similar to acetonitrile than water. The spectrum in the phenylalanine region resulted from the tertiary folding of the protein since these features disappeared in the absorption spectrum of the denatured acyl carrier protein. Tyrosine-71 appears to be a partially buried residue based on the native minus denatured ACP difference spectrum as well as solvent and thermal perturbation spectra. The attachment of a fatty acid to acyl carrier protein resulted in a shift in the absorption spectrum of tyrosine-71 consistent with this chromophore being in a more hydrophobic environment in the acylated protein. The apolar environment of the aromatic amino acids in acyl carrier protein suggests that they are structural components of the hydrophobic sequences that comprise the fatty acid-binding domain of this protein. PMID- 6614913 TI - Isocitrate lyase: artifacts and multiple enzyme forms. AB - Multiple enzyme forms of isocitrate lyase from various sources have been frequently reported. Protease action after cell rupture was sporadically claimed to explain the observed multiple enzyme forms. In this communication studies which are consistent with a protease action in vitro on isocitrate lyase of Pinus pinea germinating seeds are reported. Moreover, changes in DEAE-Sephacel patterns, mainly related to the age of germination, were observed. Differences regarding the heat stability of the detected enzyme forms were also found. The results indicate that isocitrate lyase from P. pinea may be detected in at least three different forms, one of which is heat stable and may be obtained only at the early stages of germination. PMID- 6614914 TI - Relationship between the cytoplasm and the vacuole phosphate pool in Acer pseudoplatanus cells. AB - The Pi concentration of Acer pseudoplatanus cells in the two major intracellular compartments, the cytoplasm and the vacuole, has been studied using 31P NMR. For sycamore cells containing approximately 2 mM of total Pi, the cytoplasmic Pi and the vacuolar Pi concentrations were approximately 6 and 1.5 mM, respectively. When the cells were transferred to a phosphate-deficient medium, the vacuolar Pi decreased rapidly while the cytoplasmic Pi decreased slowly during the first 48 h, indicating that Pi in the cytoplasm was maintained at the expense of the vacuolar Pi. When the Pi-starved cells (i.e., those containing less than 0.5 mumol of total Pi/g wet wt) were transferred to a medium containing 300 microM Pi, Pi entered the cells rapidly and accumulated in the cytoplasm. Once the cytoplasmic Pi pool was filled, Pi was taken up in the vacuole until the vacuole Pi pool was filled. On the contrary when the non-Pi-starved cells were transferred to a phosphate-rich medium (i.e., containing 45 mM Pi), Pi entered the cells slowly by diffusion and accumulated in the vacuole but not in the cytoplasm. These results demonstrate that the Pi content of the cytoplasm is maintained at the expense of the vacuolar Pi pool when sycamore cells are transferred to either a phosphate-deficient or a phosphate-rich medium. PMID- 6614915 TI - Effects of lipid peroxidation products on the rat lens in organ culture: a possible mechanism of cataract initiation in retinal degenerative disease. AB - Rat lenses in organ culture which are exposed to bovine rod outer segments (ROS) or to the major fatty acid of ROS, docosahexaenoic acid, are impaired in their ability to accumulate radiolabeled compounds which lenses normally accumulate by active processes. The extent of lens damage correlates well with the extent of lipid peroxidation in the culture medium as assessed by the thiobarbituric acid assay. Addition of vitamin E to the medium inhibits the effect on the lens while addition of Fe-ADP complexes potentiates the effect. Thus, the lens damage appears to be attributable to toxic species generated by peroxidation of the polyunsaturated lipid added to the culture medium. Toxic aldehyde products appear to be major mediators of the lens damage, since semi-carbazide, which avidly reacts with aldehydes, can protect lenses in this system. These findings may have relevance to the cataracts clinically associated with retinal degenerative diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa. The highly membranous photoreceptor cells are extremely rich in polyunsaturated lipid. Degeneration of these cells, which is the primary pathology in such diseases, would likely lead to peroxidation with generation of toxic products within the eye. Such products could potentially produce secondary damage to other ocular structures including the lens. PMID- 6614917 TI - Multiple forms of rat dentin phosphoproteins. AB - Previous studies have shown that the phosphoprotein from rat dentin is heterogenous and can be partially separated into two fractions by ion-exchange chromatography. These proteins were further characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, gel chromatography, and amino acid and phosphate analysis, after chromatographic separations on ion-exchange columns. On 5-15% gradient gels, the phosphoproteins extracted from rat dentin and precipitated by CaCl2 gave three Alcian blue-staining bands with apparent molecular weights in the 90-95,000 range. The two slower-moving bands corresponded to highly phosphorylated proteins (HP) that had phosphoserine contents of greater than 400 residues per thousand and contained little or no valine, leucine, phenylalanine, or arginine. The faster-moving band corresponded to a moderately phosphorylated protein that contained about 250 residues per thousand of phosphoserine and greater quantities of glutamic acid, proline, and several other amino acids than HP. The nature of the phosphoproteins in HP was further studied after total removal of the phosphate with an insoluble form of bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase. The dephosphorylated product (dP-HP) gave a single major band on gel electrophoresis but showed evidence for two closely related NH2-terminal sequences, Asp-Asp-Asp Asn and Asp-Asp-Pro-Asn. The dephosphorylated material was separated into two components (dP-HP1 and dP-HP2) by chromatography on QAE-Sephadex A-25. The amino acid compositions of the two components showed that they differed in their primary structures. This conclusion was verified by the finding of the proline containing sequence in dP-HP2. In addition to these two groups of phosphoproteins, a third class, LP, contains low levels of phosphoserine and high amounts of glutamic acid (W.T. Butler, M. Bhown, M.T. DiMuzio, and A. Linde, (1981) Coll. Res. 1, 187-199). PMID- 6614916 TI - Effect of cobalt chloride and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole on the induction of cytochrome P-450 synthesis by phenobarbitone in rat liver. AB - Administration of cobalt chloride and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole leads to a suppression of phenobarbitone-mediated increase in total cytochrome P-450 as well as cytochrome P-450b contents of the liver. This suppression is due to a decrease in the content of the protein species which is the result of a decrease in its rate of synthesis as measured in vivo and in vitro. Cobalt chloride as well as 3 amino-1,2,4-triazole treatments lead to a decrease in the translatability of cytochrome P-450b RNA without affecting total protein synthesis. It is a possibility that a small pool of heme regulates the RNA levels for the cytochrome P-450 species. PMID- 6614918 TI - Regulation of gluconeogenesis by norepinephrine, vasopressin, and angiotensin II: a comparative study in the absence and presence of extracellular Ca2+1. AB - In hepatocytes isolated from fasted rats, vasopressin and angiotensin II stimulate the rate of gluconeogenesis from lactate or pyruvate in a Ca2+ dependent manner similar to that previously reported for norepinephrine. Actions of the peptide hormones on gluconeogenesis from glycerol or sorbitol, reduced substrates that require oxidation before they enter the gluconeogenic pathway at triosephosphate, also resemble those of norepinephrine. Stimulation of glucose production from these substrates is observed only in the presence of extracellular Ca2+. Actions of the peptide hormones on gluconeogenesis from dihydroxyacetone or fructose, the oxidized counterparts of glycerol and sorbitol, respectively, do not resemble those of norepinephrine. While norepinephrine enhances rates of glucose production from dihydroxyacetone or fructose in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, vasopressin and angiotensin II are ineffective either in the absence or presence of extracellular Ca2+. When the oxidation reduction state in hepatocytes metabolizing dihydroxyacetone is altered by adding an equimolar concentration of ethanol (to provide cytosolic reducing equivalents), the results are similar to those obtained when cells are incubated with the reduced counterpart of dihydroxyacetone, glycerol, i.e., the peptide hormones cause an apparent increase in the rate of glucose production in a Ca2+ dependent manner. If, on the other hand, hepatocytes are incubated with glycerol or sorbitol and an equimolar concentration of pyruvate (to provide a cytosolic hydrogen acceptor), the peptide hormones, unlike norepinephrine, are ineffective in stimulating gluconeogenesis in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. These results indicate that whereas many of the actions of vasopressin and angiotensin II are similar to those of alpha 1-adrenergic agents, there are major differences in the manner in which the hormones act at various sites to regulate gluconeogenesis. PMID- 6614919 TI - The in vivo turnover of rat liver microsomal epoxide hydrolase and both the apoprotein and heme moieties of specific cytochrome P-450 isozymes. AB - The in vivo turnover rates of liver microsomal epoxide hydrolase and both the heme and apoprotein moieties of cytochromes P-450a, P-450b + P-450e, and P-450c have been determined by following the decay in specific radioactivity from 2 to 96 h after simultaneous injections of NaH14CO3 and 3H-labeled delta aminolevulinic acid to Aroclor 1254-treated rats. Total liver microsomal protein was characterized by an apparent biphasic exponential decay in specific radioactivity, with half-lives of 5-9 and 82 h for the fast- and slow-phase components, respectively. Most (approximately 90%) of the rapidly turning over microsomal protein fraction was immunologically distinct from membrane-associated serum protein, and thus appeared to represent integral membrane proteins. The existence of two distinct populations of cytochrome P-450a was suggested by the apparent biphasic turnover of both the heme and apoprotein moieties of the holoenzyme. The half-lives of the apoprotein were estimated to be 12 and 52 h for the fast- and slow-phase components, respectively, and 7 and 34 h for the heme moiety. The turnover of cytochromes P-450b + P-450e was identical to that of cytochrome P-450c, with half-lives of 37 and 28 h for the apoprotein and heme moieties, respectively. In all cases, the shorter half-lives of the heme component compared to the protein component were statistically significant. In contrast to the cytochrome P-450 isozymes, epoxide hydrolase (t1/2 = 132 h) turned over slower than the "average" microsomal protein (t1/2 = 82 h). The differential rates of degradation of these major integral membrane proteins during both the rapid and slow phases of total microsomal protein turnover argue against the concepts of unit membrane degradation and unidirectional membrane flow of liver endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 6614920 TI - Regulation and intracellular localization of the biotin holocarboxylase synthetase of 3T3-L1 cells. AB - A quantitative assay has been developed to measure holocarboxylase synthetase activity in cellular extracts. This assay was based on measuring the incorporation of [3H]biotin of high specific activity (4.3 Ci/mmol) into purified rat liver apopyruvate carboxylase. With this assay, holocarboxylase synthetase in 3T3-L1 mouse fibroblasts has been monitored. During the differentiation of this cell from a fibroblast to an adipocyte, holocarboxylase synthetase activity was found to increase threefold, while pyruvate carboxylase activity rose 20-fold. The results suggest a possible relationship between the activity of the holocarboxylase synthetase and the level of the biotin-dependent carboxylases within the mammalian cell. Utilizing digitonin fractionation. the intracellular distribution of this enzyme has also been examined. In the 3T3-L1 cell, the large majority (approximately 70%) of the total holocarboxylase synthetase activity was found in the cytosolic compartment. PMID- 6614921 TI - Unusual metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids in rats treated with DL propargylglycine. AB - S-(2-Hydroxy-2-carboxyethyl)homocysteine, S-(3-hydroxy-3-carboxy-n-propyl) cysteine, N-acylated S-(beta-carboxyethyl)cysteine, and N-acylated S-(3-hydroxy-3 carboxy-n-propyl) cysteine were excreted in the urine after DL-propargylglycine treatment. Cystathionine was also accumulated in several tissues of DL propargylglycine-treated rats. N-Monoacetylcystathione was found in the liver of rats and was also detected in the kidney and serum. Cystathionine gamma-lyase activity in liver decreased to about 4% of that of control rats 24 h after the DL propargylglycine injection, and alanine aminotransferase activity decreased to about 35% of that of control rats. On the other hand, aspartate aminotransferase and cystathionine beta-synthese activity did not show significant changes from those of control rats. The ability of normal tissues to synthesize cystathionine utilizing cystathionine beta-synthase was 1.98 +/- 0.40 mumol/min/g in liver, 0.61 +/- 0.13 in kidney, and 0.18 +/- 0.015 in brain. The maximal contents of cystathionine in rat tissues and the administered amounts of DL-propargylglycine agreed well with the ability to synthesize cystathionine in each tissue. PMID- 6614922 TI - Albumin catabolism in diabetic rats. AB - The kinetics of albumin catabolism were studied in normal rats and rats with streptozotocin induced diabetes (blood glucose greater than 500 mg%). Whether determined from the clearance of 125I-albumin from plasma or from the whole body, after 10 days of severe, uncontrolled diabetes there was a 30-35% decrease in the catabolic rate for albumin in the diabetic rats compared to normals. There was also about a 35% contraction of the relative extravascular distribution volume for albumin in the diabetic rats, and about a 25% decrease in the total body mass of albumin. However, the concentration of albumin in the circulation was the same in normal and diabetic animals. We conclude that when the rate of albumin synthesis is substantially depressed in diabetes, the rat maintains normal plasma albumin concentration both by decreasing albumin's fractional catabolic rate and by shifting albumin from the extravascular to the vascular compartment. PMID- 6614924 TI - Purification and properties of pyruvate kinase from Mycobacterium smegmatis. AB - Pyruvate kinase (ATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.40) from Mycobacterium smegmatis has been purified to homogeneity through a seven-step procedure with a yield of 16% and specific activity of 220 units/mg protein. The purified enzyme had a molecular weight of 230,700 and was composed of four subunits with identical molecular weights of 57,540. Analysis of amino acid composition revealed a low content of aromatic amino acids. The enzyme exhibited sigmoidal kinetics of varying concentrations of phosphoenolpyruvate, the degree of cooperativity and S0.5v value for phosphoenolpyruvate being strongly dependent on the pH of the reaction mixture. Among the nucleoside diphosphates acting as substrate for pyruvate kinase, ADP was the best phosphate acceptor, as judged by its lowest Km value. The enzyme showed an absolute requirement for divalent cations (either Mg2+ or Mn2+), but monovalent cations were not necessary for activity. Other divalent cations inhibited the Mg2+-activated enzyme to varying degrees (Ni2+ greater than Zn2+ greater than Cu2+ greater than Ca2+ greater than Ba2+). The differences in the kinetic responses of the enzyme to Mg2+ and Mn2+ are discussed. PMID- 6614923 TI - Pigeon liver malic enzyme: involvement of an arginyl residue at the binding site for malate and its analogs. AB - Treatment of malic enzyme with arginine-specific reagents phenylglyoxal or 2,3 butanedione results in pseudo-first-order loss of oxidative decarboxylase activity. In-activation by phenylglyoxal is completely prevented by saturating concentrations of NADP+, Mn2+, and substrate analog hydroxymalonate. Double log plots of pseudo-first-order rate constant versus concentration yield straight lines with identical slopes of unity for both reagents, suggesting that reaction of one molecule of reagent per active site is associated with activity loss. In parallel experiments, complete inactivation is accompanied by the incorporation of four [14C]phenylglyoxal molecules, and the loss of two arginyl residues per enzyme subunit, as determined by the colorimetric method of Yamasaki et al. (R. B. Yamasaki, D. A. Shimer, and R. E. Feeney (1981) Anal. Biochem. 14, 220-226). These results confirm a 2:1 ratio for the reaction between phenylglyoxal and arginine (K. Takahashi (1968) J. Biol. Chem. 243, 6171-6179) and yield a stoichiometry of two arginine residues reacted per subunit for complete inactivation, of which one is essential for enzyme activity as determined by the statistical method of Tsou (C. L. Tsou (1962) Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sinica 2, 203-211) and the Ray and Koshland analysis (W. J. Ray and D. E. Koshland (1961) J. Biol. Chem. 236, 1973-1979). Amino acid analysis of butanedione-modified enzyme also shows loss of arginyl residues, without significant decrease in other amino acids. Modification by phenylglyoxal does not significantly affect the affinity of this enzyme for NADPH. Binding of L-malate and its dicarboxylic acid analogs oxalate and tartronate is abolished upon modification, as is binding of the monocarboxylic acid alpha-hydroxybutyrate. The latter result indicates binding of the C-1 carboxyl group of the substrate to an arginyl residue on the enzyme. PMID- 6614925 TI - Evidence of essential arginyl residues in chicken liver mevalonate-5 pyrophosphate decarboxylase. AB - Chicken liver mevalonate-5-pyrophosphate decarboxylase (ATP:5-diphosphomevalonate carboxy-lyase (dehydrating), EC 4.1.1.33.) is inactivated by phenylglyoxal in triethanolamine buffer at pH 8.15. The reaction follows pseudo-first-order kinetics with a second-order rate constant of 108 M-1 min-1. Appropriate treatment of the kinetic data for the inactivation reaction indicates that the reaction of a single phenylglyoxal molecule per active unit of the enzyme is enough to completely inactivate the protein. The partially inactivated enzyme shows unaltered Km but decreased V as compared to native mevalonate-5 pyrophosphate decarboxylase. The dissociation constants for the enzyme-substrate complexes were estimated from inactivation reactions at different concentrations of substrates. From the data it is concluded that the modified amino acid is important for the binding of both substrates. PMID- 6614926 TI - Characterization of the membrane-associated thiol oxidase activity of rat small intestinal epithelium. AB - The membrane-associated thiol oxidase of rat small-intestinal epithelium was studied to determine its subcellular localization and properties. The brush border and basal-lateral regions of the plasma membrane were isolated by density gradient centrifugation in Percoll. The intestinal oxidase was localized by use of marker enzymes to the basal-lateral region of the plasma membrane. The reaction stoichiometry and activity with a variety of low-molecular-weight thiols were determined. The oxidase activity was inhibited by EDTA, bathocuproine disulfonate, N-ethylmaleimide, and H2O2; this suggests that copper and a sulfhydryl group are involved in catalysis. Oxidase activity in EDTA-treated basal-lateral membranes was reconstituted with CuSO4, which suggests the requirement for copper. These results show that the intestinal oxidase is very similar to the renal oxidase, and because of the subcellular localization and accessibility to extracellular thiols, suggests that the intestinal oxidase may be important in the maintenance of the plasma thiol:disulfide ratio. PMID- 6614927 TI - Lipase in lipid bodies of cotyledons of rape and mustard seedlings. AB - Lipolytic activity was absent in the crude cotyledon extract of ungerminated rapeseed (Brassica napus L. var. Dwarf Essex), and increased to a peak at day 4 in seedling growth, concomitant with the decrease in total lipids. About 50% of the lipase activity was recovered in the lipid bodies isolated from the cotyledon extract by flotation centrifugation. Isolated lipid bodies underwent autolysis of internal triacylglycerols resulting in the release of fatty acids. After the triacylglycerols in isolated lipid bodies had been extracted with diethyl ether, the lipase was recovered in the remaining membrane fraction. The lipase had a maximal activity at pH 6.5 on trierucin, trilinolein, or endogenous triacylglycerols, and at pH 8.0 on N-methylindoxylmyristate. The lipase was most active on trierucin and trilinolein, and hydrolyzed the related di- and monoacylglycerols at lower rates. There was little enhancement of the lipase activity in the presence of NaCl, CaCl2, or detergents, and detergents in general reduced the activity. The hydrolysis of trierucin was linear until about 50% of the trierucin had been converted to erucic acid, and there was little accumulation of dierucin and monoerucin. Lipase extracted from lipid bodies isolated from germinated rapeseed of the variety Tower, which contains little or no erucic acids in the storage triacylglycerols, also had the highest activities on trierucin and trilinolein. A comparative study on mustard seed (Brassica juncea) revealed that the mustard lipase possessed characteristics very similar to those of the rapeseed lipase. PMID- 6614928 TI - Isolation and chemical characterization of a melanoma-associated proteoglycan antigen. AB - Many melanoma-associated antigens have been identified by monoclonal antibodies. One of these monoclonal antibodies, O1-94-45, binds only to melanomas, nevus cells, some astrocytomas, and fetal epitheloid cells. There are approximately 100,000 cell surface antigens per melanoma cell with an association constant of 3 X 10(8) M-1. The antigen is efficiently extracted from the membrane only in the presence of detergent and is, therefore, bound by hydrophobic forces. However, it is also shed into the culture supernatant during normal cell growth. The two components of the O1-95-45 antigen are a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSP, greater than 500,000 Da) and a glycoprotein gp260 (260,000 Da, pI 6.9). CSP contains chondroitin sulfate and N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. Only N linked saccharides were associated with gp260. The antigenic site is expressed on both components and is heat-sensitive. Since the CSP was converted to gp260 by chondroitinase, the protein cores of the two molecules are the same or similar. For more detailed study the O1-95-45 antigen was purified by immunoaffinity chromatography. The amino acid composition of the purified antigen was relatively polar with an unusually high Leu content and low Lys content. Initial attempts to sequence the antigen were unsuccessful probably due to a blocked N-terminus. CSP and gp260 were partially separated by gel filtration chromatography, and both were found to carry the O1-95-45 antigenic determinant. Three other monoclonal antibodies were found to bind the purified antigen at a site or sites different from the O1-95-45 epitope and one other monoclonal antibody may bind at the same site. Two of these antibodies were used for a double determinant immunoassay. PMID- 6614929 TI - Equilibrium partition studies of the interaction between aldolase and myofibrils. AB - The adsorption of aldolase to myofibrils derived from rabbit skeletal muscle has been investigated by partition equilibrium studies at pH 6.8, I = 0.158 M, and the results interpreted in terms of an intrinsic association constant of 410,000 M-1 for the interaction of four sites on aldolase with myofibrillar sites, there being one such site for every 10-12 heptameric repeat units of F-actin tropomyosin-troponin thin filament. Involvement of the active site of the enzyme in the adsorption process is indicated by the fact that competitive inhibition of the phenomenon by phosphate may be accounted for by an intrinsic association constant of 400 M-1 for the aldolase-phosphate interaction, a value in good agreement with that describing phosphate inhibition of the enzymatic hydrolysis of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate under similar conditions. On the basis of these equilibrium constants plus the aldolase and thin filament contents of muscle, resting muscle is indicated as containing a significant proportion (25-30%) of aldolase in the bound form, with changes in the subcellular distribution of the enzyme being likely during exercise due to the increased concentrations of Ca2+ and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate that then prevail. PMID- 6614930 TI - Ferritin synthesis in rat L-6 cells: response to iron challenge. AB - The short term response of the L-6 cell line of rat skeletal myoblasts to elevated extracellular iron concentrations was studied. It was found in all cases that iron as the nitrilotriacetate (NTA) chelate was effective at donating iron to the cells and at stimulating ferritin synthesis. After 48 h in 50 microM ferric NTA, the cellular ferritin levels rose from an undetectable level to 1.11 (+/- 0.07) ng ferritin/microgram cell protein, or 0.1% of total cell protein. Similarly, the total iron in the cells rose under the same conditions from an unmeasurable level to plateau at over 10 fmol iron/cell. In addition, it was found that these cells synthesize ferritin in response to iron in a dose dependent manner over a range of iron concentrations from 5-1000 microM. A sensitive and specific immunoradiometric assay for rat ferritin was used in these studies to quantitate ferritin in cell lysates. PMID- 6614931 TI - L-aspartate transport in the photosynthetic bacterium Chromatium vinosum. AB - The photosynthetic purple sulfur bacterium Chromatium vinosum appears to contain two active transport systems for L-aspartate. The higher affinity system (S0.5 = 60 microM) appears to be an electrogenic aspartate/H+ symport and the lower affinity system (S0.5 = 220 microM) appears to involve an aspartate/Na+ symport. In addition to a possible role in providing the driving force for aspartate uptake, transmembrane Na+ gradients may also have allosteric effects on aspartate transport in C. vinosum. PMID- 6614932 TI - [Role of blood platelets and prostaglandins in blood-borne metastases]. AB - Coagulation-fibrinolysis system, especially blood platelets, plays an important role in the stage of lodgement of circulating tumor cells. In this paper, we discuss that some tumor cells induce platelet aggregation in vitro and several anti-platelet drugs inhibit not only platelet aggregation in vitro but also tumor blood-borne metastases in vivo. For the therapy against cancer metastases, the role of blood platelets in blood-borne metastases should be clarified. PMID- 6614933 TI - [Cellular actions of inhibitors of chemical carcinogenesis: modifications of syntheses of prostaglandins and differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells]. AB - Although various substances are involved in modification of chemical carcinogenesis, prostaglandins have been known to play an important role in the modification of the carcinogenesis. In this report, recent advances in the modification of chemical carcinogenesis by prostaglandins are reviewed. In addition, recent experimental results on the modification of cell differentiation by prostaglandins and some inhibitors of chemical carcinogenesis are described. Some inhibitors of chemical carcinogenesis are found to modify differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemia cells (M1) into macrophages and granulocytes by perturbation of syntheses of prostaglandins. These experimental results suggest that the modification by the inhibitors of carcinogenesis of differentiation of cells by perturbation of syntheses of prostaglandins is involved in the mechanisms of inhibition of chemical carcinogenesis. PMID- 6614934 TI - [Clinical study on prophylaxis of diacetyl-glucaro-(1-4) (6-3) dilactone for recurrence of bladder cancer]. AB - In order to investigate the effect of Diacetyl-glucaro-(1-4) (6-3) dilactone to prevent post-operative recurrence of bladder cancer, we estimated the recurrent rate of 34 patients who were diagnosed as having bladder cancer and treated by several surgical methods and oral administration of the drug in our hospital during 1971 and 1980. The following results were obtained: The 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36 and over 36 months-recurrent rates were 3.1%, 26.4%, 32.5%, 32.5%, 32.5%, 46% and 46%. In control group, they were 10%, 23.3%, 34.8%, 46.2%, 73.1%, 73.1% and 100% In a 24 month follow-up, there was no difference of recurrent rate between the group receiving the drug and control group: a recurrent rate of administrated group was lower than that of the control after 24 months. The recurrent rate of the group receiving Diacetyl-glucaro-(1-4) (6-3) dilactone combined with instillation was lower in a 2 year follow-up. It was anticipated that the combined therapy (Diacetyl-glucaro-(1-4) (6-3) dilactone administration and intravesical instillation of anticancer drugs) was useful in order to prevent recurrence of bladder cancer. PMID- 6614935 TI - [Studies on human prostatic carcinoma cell lines: evaluation of acid phosphatase productivity and effects of sex hormones on the cells]. AB - The established cell lines from human prostatic cancer, such as Duke 145, 8PC93, and 19PC93, were examined in terms of their producing activity of acid phosphatase (ACP) and sensitivity to sex hormones. The results obtained are summarized. 1. ACP producing activity ACP was estimated with phenyl phosphate as a substrate. Values of the materials from each of the cells extracted with 5% Triton X-100 were Duke 145 (6.1 u/mg), 8PC93 (40.6 u/mg), and 19PC93 (40.4 u/mg), respectively. Activities of ACP were prohibited by the presence of L-tartrate. Histochemistry of ACP was demonstrated by azo-dye staining procedure, revealing the positive reactions in the cytoplasms of 8PC93 and 19PC93 cells, but weak reaction in duke 145 cells. Disk polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (D-PAGE) was employed for ACP analysis of the cell extracts with 5% Tryton X-100 treatment. Two main bands were observed near original point and at another point proposed as ACP-2. These ACP positive reactions on the gels were also inhibited by the presence of L-tartrate in staining solution. In the case of Duke 145 cell material, the intensity of the reaction was observed weak in those specific two bands. 2. Hormone effects to the cells The prostatic cancer cells were examined in terms of sensitivity to sex steroid hormones such as androsterone, progesterone, estrone, estradiol, and estriol, by a colony formation method. Fifty percent reduction in colony formation of the 8PC93 and 19PC93 cells was found at the concentration of ca. 1.5 micrograms/ml in the case using progesterone or estrone, or estradiol, while 50% reduction of the Duke 145 cells was observed at 5 micrograms/ml only in a case using progesterone. PMID- 6614936 TI - [Effect of chemotherapy on the interstitial tissue of a malignant human tumor transplanted into nude mice, with reference to microvessels]. AB - Experimental chemotherapy of cyclophosphamide (CPA) was performed on a human malignant hemangiopericytoma serially transplanted into nude mice with a genetic background of BALB/c and the changes or histological findings and microangiograms (MAG) were investigated. The treatment was performed 2 weeks after tumor inoculation. Either 120 mg/kg or 240 mg/kg of CPA, dissolved in 0.2 ml of physiological saline, was administered once intraperitoneally. On days 1, 2, 4 and 7 after the treatment, mice were sacrificed and each tumor was examined in terms of histological findings and MAG. Although the tumors treated with 120 mg/kg of CPA were suppressed temporarily, the regrowth of the tumors were observed. The tumors treated with 240 mg/kg of CPA regressed without any regrowth. From the observations of MAG, the former showed an avascular area on day 4 after the treatment and the tumor vessels regenerated on day 7 after the treatment. On the other hand, in the latter group, it was found that the normal vascular network developed after the formation of an avascular area 2 days after the treatment. From the histological findings, the former showed to reduce mitotic indeces of 1 or 2 days after the treatment, however the mitotic indeces were found to recover 7 days after the treatment. Mitotic indeces of tumors treated with 240 mg/kg of CPA were observed to be depressed after the treatment. These results suggested that the changes of interstitial tissue were closely correlated well with the destruction and regrowth of tumor cells observed by the growth curve and histological findings. Tumor vessels were thought to play an important role in the cancer chemotherapy, not only as the transport systems of drugs but also as the target of antitumor agents. PMID- 6614937 TI - [Experimental study on abdominal arterial infusion of anti-cancer agents]. AB - The distribution of Adriamycin (ADM), Mitomycin C (MMC) and 7-N-(p-Hydroxyphenyl) Mitomycin C (KW 2083) in various organs inclusiding plasma level after intraarterial or intravenous infusion was determined in mongrel dogs and experimental dogs. Similar plasma time-course of ADM was obtained with both routes, showing the maximum level at 5 minutes after infusion. The maximum level with intravenous infusion was twice as highs as that with intraarterial administration. High levels of ADM were encountered in the liver, gallbladder and kidney after proper hepatic arterial infusion, in the angular region of the stomach after left gastric arterial infusion and in the gastric antrum after right gastroepiploic arterial infusion (0.8 mg/kg). There was no significant difference in plasma levels of MMC (0.2 mg/kg) and KW 2083 (1.0 mg/kg) between intraarterial and intravenous infusion. It was of interest that MMC was hardly measurable in the liver after proper hepatic arterial infusion of 0.4 mg/kg. On the other hand, rather high level of KW 2083 was observed in the liver, gallbladder and pancreas after proper hepatic arterial infusion of 1.0 mg/kg. Hepatic necrosis around the central hepatic vein noted at the histological examination seems to be due to infusion of above-mentioned anticancer agents. It is worth mentioning that the concentration of KW 2083 in tumor tissue of the stomach of experimental dog after right gastroepiploic arterial infusion was twice as high as that in intact gastric wall. Grade IIA histological alterations of tumor cells by Oboshi and Shimosato's Classification such as vacuolation of cytoplasm and pyknosis of nuclei were noted after KW 2083 infusion. PMID- 6614938 TI - [A cooperative phase II study of vindesine sulfate in patients with solid tumors]. AB - A cooperative phase II study of vindesine, a new vinca alkaloid, was carried out in 16 major institutions. The selection of patients and evaluation of tumor response were based on the Criteria for the Evaluation of Tumor Response by Chemotherapy in Solid Tumor Patients by Koyama and Saito. Vindesine was administered by i.v. bolus injection at a dose of 3 mg per week. Out of 130 patients who entered into the study, 117 patients were evaluable. Partial responses were obtained in 16 (13.7%) out of 117 evaluable patients, including 7 (17.1%) out of 41 lung cancer, 3 (8.1%) out of 37 breast cancer, 2 (33.3%) out of 6 esophageal cancer, and one each of cervical cancer, liposarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and embryonic tumor. Major side effects were leukopenia (less than 3000/cm) 60.2%, gastrointestinal disturbances 23.6%, neurotoxicity 25.2% and hair loss 14.2%. PMID- 6614939 TI - [Clinical study on the effect of human lymphoblastoid interferon in multiple myeloma]. AB - Ten patients with multiple myeloma were treated with human lymphoblastoid interferon (HLBI). The dosages used were 3 X 10(6) IU to 6 X 10(6) IU of HLBI intramuscularly daily. Out of eight evaluable patients, one partial remission and 3 minor response were observed. More than half patients experienced fever exceeding 38 degrees C and mild myelosuppression. Other toxic effects consisted of anorexia, malaise, liver dysfunction and skin rash. On the basis of our preliminary study, we conclude that HLBI is an effective agent against multiple myeloma. PMID- 6614940 TI - [Studies on antibodies against rat and mouse tumors: its application to therapy]. AB - An experimental study using antibodies against tumor-associated antigen(s) of various tumor systems in rats and mice is described. Monoclonal antibodies against the variety of tumor systems may be a useful tool for detecting tumor associated antigen(s) on the cell surface of tumor cells but in case of highly purified antigen, conventional polyclonal antibody having high antibody titer may still be effective for therapeutic application in experimental systems. The conjugate of antibody with anticancer drugs or toxins may be the most effective compound for therapy since the antibody-homing effect will synergistically increase the cytotoxic activity of drugs or toxins against target tumor cells. PMID- 6614941 TI - [Sunrabin for injection]. PMID- 6614942 TI - The Keyes punch. PMID- 6614943 TI - Sclerosing lipogranuloma of the male genitalia: a malingerer's malady? PMID- 6614944 TI - Cimetidine and psoriatic arthritis. PMID- 6614945 TI - Concurrent methotrexate and etretinate therapy for psoriasis. PMID- 6614946 TI - Treatment of erythromelalgia. PMID- 6614947 TI - Histologic variation of a pilomatrixoma. PMID- 6614948 TI - Immune complexes in cutaneous disease. PMID- 6614949 TI - Chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Thalidomide treatment of 11 patients. AB - Eleven patients with severe, chloroquine-resistant chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus were treated with oral thalidomide. Seven patients responded with a complete remission, and two patients' conditions improved significantly. One patient did not respond well to therapy and another patient had to be withdrawn from the treatment trial because of side effects. Six patients, who relapsed after discontinuing thalidomide treatment, were re-treated with maintenance drug dosages and achieved good results with no further relapses or exacerbations. In all subjects the side effects from the thalidomide were minor and reversible. PMID- 6614950 TI - Prognostic groups of patients with stage I melanoma. AB - The thickness of melanomas, presence or absence of ulceration, and the sex of the patient were the three dominant variables affecting the eight-year survival of 1,191 patients with clinical stage I melanoma in the prospective German melanoma group. With regard to these variables, three prognostic groups were defined representing 30%, 9%, and 61% of the patients, respectively. The good prognosis group (93% of patients surviving eight years) consisted of women with melanomas that were 1.5 mm thick or less. The intermediate prognosis group (78% of patients surviving eight years) consisted of men with nonulcerated melanomas that were 1.5 mm thick or less. The poor prognosis group (46% of patients surviving eight years) consisted of all who were left with remaining melanomas, ie, all those with melanomas thicker than 1.5 mm, and in men ulcerated tumors that were 1.5 mm thick or less. PMID- 6614951 TI - Peritoneal malignant mesothelioma with multiple distant skin metastases. AB - Metastases in multiple distant sites, including the skin, developed in a 54-year old man with diffuse malignant abdominal mesothelioma. To our knowledge, this represents the first reported case of cutaneous metastasis arising from malignant mesothelioma. Recent advances in diagnostic techniques, such as electron microscopy, may be helpful in differentiating this condition from metastatic adenocarcinoma. PMID- 6614952 TI - Rapid progression of lentigo maligna to deeply invasive lentigo maligna melanoma. Report of two cases. AB - Two patients had lesions of lentigo maligna that evolved into deeply invasive (level 4-5) lentigo maligna melanoma during a relatively short period (two years and four years, respectively). In both patients, the clinical impression of lentigo maligna had been difficult to confirm by histopathologic analysis until the invasive tumor had developed. Both patients were actively followed up during this period of evolution, with our intention of detecting any early changes suggestive of invasive melanoma. Since deep invasion developed despite close clinical supervision, a more aggressive approach to the treatment of lentigo maligna may be warranted. PMID- 6614953 TI - Commentary: cortisone acetate administered orally in dermatologic therapy. PMID- 6614954 TI - Malassezia (Pityrosporum) folliculitis occurring with granuloma annulare and alopecia areata. PMID- 6614955 TI - The so-called idiopathic scrotal calcinosis. PMID- 6614956 TI - Amoxapine: a cause of toxic epidermal necrolysis? PMID- 6614957 TI - Darier's disease: update on an effective new therapy. PMID- 6614958 TI - Topically administered fluorouracil in vitiligo. AB - In 28 patients with vitiligo, 5% fluorouracil cream was applied daily to vitiliginous lesions under occlusive dressings, following an epidermal abrasion on the first day. The treated lesions became completely eroded after seven to nine days of treatment at which time treatment was stopped. Epithelialization then occurred within ten days. Repigmentation first began one to two weeks after epithelialization and occurred in all the treated lesions within two months. Eighteen (64%) of the 28 patients showed complete or almost complete repigmentation in all treated spots and five patients (18%) showed partial repigmentation. The remaining five patients (18%), including two patients with segmental vitiligo, showed no response. Of 23 patients who showed complete or partial repigmentation, three patients had recurrence of vitiligo within one year. No systemic toxicity was observed in this series of patients. PMID- 6614959 TI - Intra-arterial reserpine for Raynaud's syndrome. Systemic reactions without therapeutic benefit. AB - Twenty-four patients classified as having Raynaud's disease or Raynaud's phenomenon were given bilateral brachial artery injections of reserpine or saline in a double-blind fashion. In the six weeks following injection, there was no indication that reserpine produced clinical improvement or changed vasomotor reactivity in the treated patients. However, intra-arterial reserpine did produce systemic cardiovascular effects lasting up to six weeks. It is concluded that intra-arterial reserpine as used in this study is an ineffective treatment for Raynaud's disease or Raynaud's phenomenon and may have significant adverse effects. PMID- 6614960 TI - Mechanisms of contact photosensitivity in mice. III. Predictive testing of chemicals with photoallergenic potential in mice. AB - The photoallergenic potential of various chemicals was assessed in mice. Mice were sensitized with applications of the test agent on the shaved abdomen; they underwent irradiation with black light on days 0 and 1. On day 5, ear lobes were painted with the chemicals and underwent irradiation with black light. The degree of the sensitivity was assessed by measuring the ear thickness 24 hours after challenge. Tetrachlorosalicylanilide, tribromsalan, bithionol, and chlorpromazine were photosensitizers. Hexachlorophene and sulfanilamide induced contact photosensitivity after pretreatment of mice with cyclophosphamide. Reactions of the recently discovered photosensitizers such as musk ambrette, 6-methylcoumarin, 7-methylcoumarin, and benzocaine were enhanced by cyclophosphamide pretreatment. Salicylanilide, salicylic acid, and 3,4-dichloroaniline failed to demonstrate photosensitization potential. This mouse model and cyclophosphamide pretreatment is a useful technique to determine photosensitization potentials for a variety of new chemicals. PMID- 6614961 TI - Concurrence of lupus erythematosus and dermatitis herpetiformis. A report of nine cases. AB - Nine cases of lupus erythematosus (LE) associated with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH), seen at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn, were reviewed. The female to male ratio was seven to two. In seven patients DH developed first, followed by systemic LE in five and by discoid LE in two. In two patients systemic LE developed first, followed by DH. Since multiple autoimmune diseases have been reported in association with LE, and since similar HLA antigens have been found in patients with DH or LE, there is very likely an immunologic relationship between the two diseases. PMID- 6614962 TI - Antipsoriatic activity of a new synthetic retinoid. The arotinoid RO 13-6298. AB - Two patients with severe generalized psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis whose conditions had failed to respond to oral therapy with traditional remedies, including etretinate (both patients) and its combination with psoralen and UV-A (PUVA) (one patient) were successfully treated with minimal oral dosages of the arotinoid RO 13-6298 (0.05 to 0.1 mg/day). Side effects of this new synthetic retinoid included dryness of the lips and nasal mucosa, some palmarplantar desquamation, gross thinning of the skin, itching, and transient hair loss. Laboratory investigations disclosed no abnormalities attributable to the drug. The new arotinoid, RO 13-6298, seems to be a highly potent retinoid in its antipsoriatic effects. It represents the third generation of synthetic retinoids that may be effective in extremely low doses. PMID- 6614963 TI - Small volume plasmapheresis in the management of porphyria cutanea tarda. AB - A 49-year-old man with porphyria cutanea tarda was treated with repeated small volume plasmapheresis. After the circadian change of urinary porphyrins was found to be higher between midnight and noon, approximately 250 mL of plasma was removed at 8 AM and was replaced by physiological saline. Clinical disease manifestations and abnormal laboratory findings rapidly improved following a total of 20 plasmapheresis during a 24-week period. The blood hemoglobin and plasma total protein levels were unchanged. PMID- 6614964 TI - Localized mycosis fungoides not manifesting as Woringer-Kolopp disease. AB - A 68-year-old man had a solitary, eczematiform lesion of two years' duration on the digital dorsal surface of his right foot. Despite its innocuous appearance, the lesion showed histologic characteristics of advanced, plaque-type mycosis fungoides. The patient's clinically benign yet histologically malignant disease manifestation is discussed. The distinction between localized mycosis fungoides and Woringer-Kolopp disease is also reviewed. PMID- 6614965 TI - Selective cytotoxic effect of topical 5-fluorouracil. AB - As an investigative procedure, a hydrophilic ointment containing 20% 5 fluorouracil (5-FU) was applied to the skin of patients with extensive actinic keratoses of the face and neck, for a period of four weeks. This resulted in a selective inflammation, erosion, and disappearance of the keratoses without significant alteration of the normal skin. Transitory adverse reactions included corneal and conjunctival irritations, phototoxic reactions, and erosion of the lower lip border. No evidence of systemic absorption was detected. Only preliminary follow-up observations are available, and no conclusion can be drawn as to the long-term results. PMID- 6614966 TI - Commentary: use of topical fluorouracil. PMID- 6614967 TI - Mycoplasma infection simulating acute meningococcemia. PMID- 6614968 TI - Cutaneous sarcoid granuloma formation in herpes zoster scars. PMID- 6614969 TI - Supplementary vitamin D in infancy and childhood. PMID- 6614970 TI - Moist air in the treatment of laryngotracheitis. PMID- 6614971 TI - Changing incidence of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. AB - The incidence of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis was measured in the West Midlands Health Region between 1974 and 1980. It increased from 2.1/1000 Caucasian births in 1974 to 3.5/1000 in 1980 and reflects a reported increase in Central Scotland. Several artefacts were excluded--for example, repeat admissions to the same hospital, transfers to other hospitals, and changes in treatment and in diagnostic standards. Two main demographic changes were excluded as explanations, ethnic changes and changes in the birth rank distribution. The increase is therefore considered real and may be related to changes in breast feeding practice. PMID- 6614972 TI - Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in South Glamorgan 1970-9. Effects of changes in feeding practice. AB - In a retrospective analysis of cases of surgically confirmed infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) in South Glamorgan in the decade 1970-9 the incidence rose sharply in 1976 reflecting a general increase reported throughout Wales and from other parts of the United Kingdom. The increase was mainly among boys and although it occurred at a time when breast feeding had become more popular, it affected bottle fed infants more than breast fed infants. The apparent correlation between incidence of IHPS and incidence of breast feeding may coincidental and changes in infant milk formulae that became general in 1976 may be more important. An appreciable excess of first born infants with IHPS was noted but there was no correlation between birthweight and IHPS. Variations according to month of birth did not coincide with true seasonal variation. PMID- 6614973 TI - Breath hydrogen test and sucrase isomaltase deficiency. AB - Sucrose breath hydrogen tests were performed on 7 children with proved sucrase isomaltase deficiency. All children had raised breath hydrogen excretion. The amount of hydrogen produced and symptoms experienced increased with increasing sucrose loads. The sucrose breath hydrogen test appears to be a reliable indicator of sucrose malabsorption in sucrase isomaltase deficiency. PMID- 6614974 TI - Ultrasound appearance of the brain in very preterm infants and neurodevelopmental outcome at 18 months of age. AB - The brains of 158 consecutively admitted very preterm infants were repeatedly examined with real time ultrasound. Abnormalities, most commonly periventricular haemorrhage, were detected in 79 (50%). The 109 infants who survived were followed up until they were 16-23 months old. Major or minor neurological or developmental sequelae were found in 5 of 62 infants (8%) with normal ultrasound scans and in an identical proportion, 2 of 25 infants (8%), with uncomplicated periventricular haemorrhage. By contrast, 15 of 21 infants (71%) whose ventricles became enlarged (with or without periventricular haemorrhage) had abnormalities at follow up. The proportion with sequelae depended on the cause and extent of the enlargement. Three of 8 infants (38%) with mild (usually transient) ventricular distension had sequelae, compared with 3 of 4 (75%) with hydrocephalus and 9 of 9 (100%) with cerebral atrophy (2 of whom also had hydrocephalus). Adverse neurodevelopmental sequelae at follow up appeared more often to be attributable to cerebral ischaemia and infarction than to periventricular haemorrhage. PMID- 6614975 TI - Serial electrocardiographic changes in healthy and stressed neonates. AB - Serial changes in T-wave vector and polarity were assessed in 162 electrocardiograms, 117 from 44 healthy term neonates and 45 from 17 stressed neonates. Records were taken at 5 to 8 hours, 24 to 33 hours, and 71 to 96 hours after birth. Sequential changes in both T-wave amplitude and frontal and horizontal axes were found in both groups. A lag period was noted between healthy and stressed infants when comparing changes in T-wave amplitude, with greater flattening of T-waves for longer periods of time after birth in the stressed group. The normal changes in T-wave axis over time in the horizontal and frontal planes showed a similar lag in the stressed group. Alterations of T-wave amplitude and axis alone may be markers of myocardial ischaemia in neonates but are only reliable signs after the first 24 hours of life. PMID- 6614976 TI - Age related susceptibility to Campylobacter jejuni infection in a high prevalance population. AB - In a year long prospective study of diarrhoea in children under 2 years of age in Soweto, South Africa, Campylobacter jejuni was isolated in 18 of 60 children under 9 months of age with diarrhoea, compared with 4 of 60 age matched controls. In the older children, 16 of 51 children with diarrhoea and 17 of 51 control children excreted this organism in their faeces. These results indicate a change in susceptibility to C jejuni in children over 9 months of age. Campylobacter enteritis in the young children was usually mild, without macroscopic blood in the faeces, and prolonged excretion of the organism after acute attacks was not infrequent. Breast feeding did not seem to protect against colonisation with C jejuni. PMID- 6614977 TI - Recurrences of transient synovitis of the hip. AB - Thirty six children with transient synovitis of the hip had a total of 80 recurrences, 69 of them personally observed, and 11 described by the mother. No features distinguished the initial attack of those who had a recurrence from that of the 18 children who have not so far had a recurrence. We analysed the total of 126 episodes. In 72 there was evidence of an associated infection from the history, clinical signs, and a raised antistreptolysin O titre or isolation of a pathogen from a throat swab. The prognosis is difficult to assess because the symptoms, signs, and special investigations are not specific. Recurrences can occur after many years without symptoms. PMID- 6614978 TI - Computed tomography in non-specific mental retardation and idiopathic epilepsy. AB - In 29 children with mental retardation and infantile spasms, cranial computed tomography findings were abnormal in 75% and this finding may lead to modification of treatment or influence genetic counseling. In 41 children with mental retardation and other forms of epilepsy abnormal computed tomography findings were much less frequent and were not relevant to treatment. PMID- 6614979 TI - Hypophosphataemic rickets in the preterm infant; hypocalcaemia after calcium and phosphorus supplementation. AB - A preterm infant with hypophosphataemic rickets became hypocalcaemic when given milk specially formulated for preterm infants that contained increased phosphorus and calcium. The rickets resolved spontaneously. Routine calcium and phosphorus supplementation for preterm neonates should be investigated further. PMID- 6614980 TI - Neonatal paracetamol poisoning: treatment by exchange transfusion. AB - The metabolism and excretion of paracetamol was studied in an infant of 29 weeks' gestation who was exposed to the drug when his mother ingested 32.5 g 16 hours before delivery. We have confirmed that sulphation is the major pathway and that the mixed function oxidase system is sufficiently active at this gestational age to produce hepatotoxic metabolic products. As most of the recognised drug treatments for paracetamol poisoning seemed unsuitable in this case, the infant was treated with exchange transfusions. PMID- 6614982 TI - Orofacial clefts and oesophageal atresia. AB - Of 114 children with oesophageal atresia, 6 had cleft palate and other craniofacial anomalies present included cleft lip, micrognathia, hypertelorism, microcephaly, and hydrocephalus. The difficulties encountered in the management of patients in whom these conditions present together are emphasised with special reference to swallowing problems and recurrent chest aspiration. PMID- 6614981 TI - Central venous catheters for out-patient management of malignant disorders. AB - The use of tunnelled central venous catheters in children with malignant disorders is an effective and safe way of giving out-patient chemotherapy and supportive care. The benefits include ready venous access, ease of administration of chemotherapy, decreased time spent in the out-patient clinic, and less anticipatory vomiting and emotional trauma for patients, parents, and staff. PMID- 6614984 TI - Fetal blood gas analysis at delivery. PMID- 6614985 TI - Ventricular enlargement after periventricular haemorrhage. PMID- 6614983 TI - Are child guidance clinics an anachronism? PMID- 6614986 TI - Plasma terbutaline levels in asthma. PMID- 6614987 TI - Intracranial calcification and childhood medulloblastoma. PMID- 6614988 TI - Reference ranges for plasma creatinine. PMID- 6614990 TI - Febrile convulsions, anticonvulsant therapy, and intellectual progress. PMID- 6614989 TI - Lung function after acute bronchiolitis. PMID- 6614991 TI - Dielectrophoresis of malignant human melanocytes. AB - Dielectrophoretic experiments on pearl-chain formation and collection of human melanocytes were performed as a function of the frequency of the applied nonuniform electric field. Evidence is reported showing that the behavior of malignant melanocytes is markedly dependent upon the type of established cell line (pigmented or achromic), age, and drug treatment (e.g., chlorpromazine). PMID- 6614992 TI - Lymphomatoid papulosis and Hodgkin's disease: are they related? AB - Two different characteristic types of lymphomatoid papulosis (type A and type B) can be histologically distinguished, that represent the ends of a spectrum. In the present report, two patients are described. One patient with both lymphomatoid papulosis type A and type B lesions for more than 25 years developed Hodgkin's disease (nodular sclerosing type) in the para-aortic and para-iliac lymph nodes. Histologic examination of the skin lesions in the second patient, who had Hodgkin's disease (nodular sclerosing type) in many supradiaphragmatic lymph nodes, showed the characteristic features of lymphomatoid papulosis type A. These findings, together with the results of recent immunohistochemical investigations showing many similarities between the large atypical cells in lymphomatoid papulosis type A lesions and Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's disease, support the view that lymphomatoid papulosis type A and Hodgkin's disease are closely related conditions. The results of recent studies indicate a close relationship between lymphomatoid papulosis type B and the early stages of mycosis fungoides. Accordingly, the possible relationship between lymphomatoid papulosis types A and B, mycosis fungoides, and Hodgkin's disease is discussed. PMID- 6614993 TI - Steroid hormone receptors and their relevance for sebum production in the sebaceous gland ear model of the Syrian hamster. AB - We determined the capacity of steroid hormone receptors in the sebaceous glands of intact nontreated, castrated, with testosterone substituted castrated male, intact female, and intact with testosterone substituted female animals using the animal ear model of the Syrian hamster. The steroid hormone binding capacity was compared with the sebaceous gland areas and sebogenesis. Intact male animals showed large sebaceous follicles, a high sebogenesis rate, and high capacity for sexual hormone binding proteins. In castrated males, the sebaceous gland areas and sebogenesis were both diminished, and androgen and estrogen receptors were decreased. When the castrated males were substituted with testosterone propionate, the sebaceous glands showed large volumes, high sebum production, and androgen binding activity again. In female animals having small sebaceous follicles and a low rate of sebogenesis, testosterone propionate enlarged the sebaceous glands and increased sebogenesis and the capacity of androgen binding. One can conclude from these data that testosterone is not only the main hormone for sebum production but also induces the synthesis of its own receptor. PMID- 6614994 TI - Langerhans cells in granulomatous syphilis. AB - In a case of granulomatous syphilis (transitional state between early and late syphilis), several Langerhans cells (LC) were present in the basal and medial part of the epidermis. Evidence of LC activation was given by the presence of many Langerhans granules, vesicles, a large Golgi apparatus and, sometimes, Golgi complexes. In some LC, signs of degeneration were visible. Langerhans granules surrounded by cytoplasmic material were present in the intercellular space of the epidermis. Apposition of lymphocytes to LC in the dermal space supports the role of LC in immunologic mechanisms. This was further confirmed by signs of phagocytosis in LC. The interaction of LC with intra-epidermal microorganisms (as, for instance, the Treponema pallidum) might be important in the development of the epidermotropic infiltration. This mainly consists of lymphocytes, which sometimes form a pseudolymphoma. A correlation between LC and granuloma formation is suggested. PMID- 6614995 TI - The distribution of precursors of glycoconjugate synthesis in human epidermis. PMID- 6614996 TI - Extra-cellular calcium concentration regulates the expression of skin calcium binding protein (SCaBP) in mouse keratinocyte cultures. PMID- 6614998 TI - Comments on the contribution by H. J. Grill et al. Steroid hormone receptors in melanoma. PMID- 6614997 TI - An autoradiographic technique to evaluate in vitro produced autoantibodies by peripheral blood leucocytes of patients with pemphigus vulgaris. PMID- 6614999 TI - Lead concentrations in breast milk of Malaysian urban and rural mothers. AB - This study was conducted to determine lead concentrations in breast milk among urban and rural mothers in Malaysia, and to determine if lead absorption among urban maternal populations in Malaysia poses a potential health hazard to infants through breastfeeding. Milk samples, which were collected from 89 urban and 91 rural mothers, were analyzed by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The mean lead level in urban samples was 0.0253 microgram/ml, which was significantly higher than that of the rural samples (0.0211 microgram/ml). The estimated daily lead intake of breast-fed infants in Malaysia was well below proposed tolerable levels. There also appeared to be no specific pattern in the milk lead levels at different periods of lactation. The significance of the higher milk lead concentrations in urban mothers is also discussed. PMID- 6615000 TI - Urinary arsenic, chromium, and copper levels in workers exposed to arsenic-based wood preservatives. AB - Urinary excretion of arsenic, chromium, and copper in workers exposed to arsenic based wood preservatives was examined to evaluate occupational exposure to these chemicals. Spot urine samples were collected from 89 wood treaters and a comparison group of 232 individuals with no known exposure to arsenicals. The results of urinalysis revealed that the wood treaters averaged 103 micrograms arsenic/L while the comparison group averaged 74 micrograms arsenic/L. The mean urinary chromium and copper levels of the wood treaters were 41 micrograms chromium/L and 191 micrograms copper/L compared with 63 micrograms chromium/L and 221 micrograms copper/L for the comparison group. Covariance analysis of urinary arsenic level between the exposed and comparison groups revealed that the adjusted mean arsenic levels of the exposed population (78 to 122 micrograms arsenic/L) were significantly higher than that of the comparison group (72 micrograms arsenic/L). The adjusted mean urinary arsenic levels of these wood treaters, however, were within published normal limits. Analysis of covariance allowed comparison of group means after statistical adjustments for possible confounding variables such as seafood intake and age. The results indicate that urinary arsenic values can provide a useful index of occupational exposure to chromated copper arsenate wood preservatives, when the effects of dietary arsenic are controlled statistically. PMID- 6615001 TI - Aerodynamic sizing of tobacco smoke particulate from commercial cigarettes. AB - Aerodynamic sizing of smoke particulate was performed on a variety of commercial cigarettes using a single particle aerodynamic relaxation time (SPART) analyzer. Cigarettes tested were rated as "medium," "low," or "ultra-low" tar by the Federal Trade Commission method. Aerodynamic size determinations were made with filters attached and with filters removed. Smoke particles from all cigarettes were less than 0.6 micron mass median aerodynamic diameter, and particle size was not affected by filters. Commercial filters reduced particle number concentration by 20-96%. Particle number concentration of smoke particles from some "low" tar cigarettes was found to be similar to some "medium" tar cigarettes. Particle number per puff increased as the cigarette shortened. These findings suggest that estimation of tar delivery to smokers from cigarettes should include puff number information. Also, the ultimate respiratory tract deposition site of smoke particles is not affected by filters since particle size was not altered by passing smoke through cigarette filters. PMID- 6615002 TI - Effects of cooking fuels on lung function in nonsmoking women. AB - A case-control study of 20- to 39-yr-old female participants in the Tecumseh Community Health Study compared use of cooking fuels and other factors in women from the highest and lowest quartiles of the lung function distribution. The forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1.0) was used as the index of ventilatory lung function. The use of a kitchen exhaust fan was significantly associated with low lung function. A larger proportion of women with low FEV1.0 used gas for cooking, but this difference was not statistically significant. PMID- 6615003 TI - Causes of death among workers in the tobacco industry. AB - The number of deaths by cause, race, and sex among 2,709 workers (1,003 white males, 789 black males, 517 white females, and 400 black females) in the tobacco industry identified from obituary listings of the Tobacco Workers' International Union from 1957 to 1978 were compared to expected numbers based on the experience of the U.S. population. The frequency of deaths from cancer of the colon was slightly elevated among each race-sex group [proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) from 129 to 163]. Although unexplained, this resembles the excess of cancer of the digestive system previously reported among cigarette manufacturers. The excess deaths from cancer of the lung occurred only among white females and may represent chance findings. Among non-neoplastic causes of death, PMRs for arteriosclerotic heart disease, motor vehicle accidents, and suicides were high among most race-sex groups, while PMRs for respiratory disease and cirrhosis of the liver were low. PMID- 6615004 TI - Lung cancer incidence and air pollution in Erie County, New York. AB - Demographic data on race, sex, age, and address at diagnosis were obtained on the 2,201 lung cancer cases from Erie County, reported to the New York State tumor registry during the period 1973 to 1976. Multivariate regression analysis was done to evaluate the association between age-adjusted race- and sex-specific lung cancer incidence rates by census tracts and air pollution as indexed by total suspended particulates, several trace metals, and benzo(a)pyrene. Total suspended particulates was the strongest ambient air quality variable found to be associated with lung cancer incidence in white males, all males, the white population, and the total population. Regression analyses did not provide any evidence for an association between ambient air trace metals or ambient benzo(a) pyrene and lung cancer incidence. The findings have provided the basis for some limited conclusions and have offered the opportunity to propose more refined hypotheses. PMID- 6615005 TI - Identification of lead sources in California children using the stable isotope ratio technique. AB - Two case studies are presented which apply the lead isotope ratio method to the identification of lead sources in 12 Oakland, California children. One study examined lead sources in 10 children, ages 3 to 15 yr, living together as an extended family in dilapidated housing close to a busy freeway. Eight children had elevated blood lead levels (greater than or equal to 30 micrograms/dl) and 6 children also had elevated erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels (greater than or equal to 50 micrograms/dl). A second case study examined 2-yr-old male twins, both with elevated blood lead and erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels, living in a modest, but well maintained inner city duplex apartment. Paint and surface soil samples collected in and around both households had high lead concentrations. Paint concentrations ranged from 2.9 to 273 mg/g and surface soil concentrations from 0.48 to 7.1 mg/g. The isotopic ratios of lead in the blood of these children were close to the average lead ratios of paints from exterior walls and to the lead ratios of surface soils in adjacent areas where the children played. In both case studies, the data suggest that the lead in the soil was derived mainly from weathering of lead-based exterior paints and that the lead-contaminated soil was a proximate source of lead in the blood of the children. PMID- 6615006 TI - The uptake and excretion of lead by young children. AB - The fractional absorption of ingested lead by adults has been found from both balance studies and isotope studies. However, insofar as endogenous fecal lead cannot be measured in the balance studies, such studies do not permit the determination of true uptake from gut to blood. For children, only balance studies have been reported, but it is possible to make an estimate of their true uptake by making some allowance for endogenous fecal lead. The estimate made in this way suggests a higher fractional uptake than is usually quoted, but the clearance rate of lead from blood is probably also high for children. An estimate is made of the half-life of lead in blood for children which suggests a value several times shorter than that for adults. The estimates of uptake and half-life made here are very speculative but are of interest in the absence of any direct measurements. PMID- 6615007 TI - Lung cancer and housing characteristics. AB - Lung cancer incidence in Washington County, Maryland, was determined for a 12-yr period and was correlated with personal and housing data from a nonofficial 1963 census. Because indoor radon measurements were not available, two housing characteristics reported to be related to indoor radon concentration--type of basement construction and type of building materials--were used as surrogate measures. An adjusted rate of lung cancer incidence was obtained for each characteristic. Only age, male sex, amount smoked, and standard of living were significantly associated with lung cancer. Rates were highest in houses which had concrete walls and no basements, although the differences were slight and could have occurred by chance. PMID- 6615008 TI - Occupational fatality attributed to 1,1,1-trichloroethane. PMID- 6615010 TI - [Ultrastructure of the placenta]. PMID- 6615009 TI - [Ultrasound study of the placenta]. PMID- 6615011 TI - [General aspects of placental vascular pathology]. PMID- 6615012 TI - [Histomorphometry of cotyledon irrigation of placentas in cases of premature infants and in intrauterine growth retardation]. PMID- 6615013 TI - [Pathology of the umbilical cord]. PMID- 6615014 TI - [Placental metastases]. PMID- 6615015 TI - [Necrotic funisitis]. PMID- 6615016 TI - [Non-bacterial placentitis]. PMID- 6615017 TI - [The placenta and post-maturity]. PMID- 6615018 TI - [The placenta of the hypotrophic infant]. PMID- 6615019 TI - [The diabetic placenta]. PMID- 6615020 TI - [Morphobiochemical aspects of the diabetic placenta]. PMID- 6615021 TI - [The placenta in three cases of dyslipidosis diagnosed in newborn infants]. PMID- 6615022 TI - [Feto-placental anasarca]. PMID- 6615024 TI - Introduction. Crystal-related arthropathies. PMID- 6615025 TI - Studies of urate crystallisation in relation to gout. PMID- 6615026 TI - Formation of calcium phosphate crystals in normal and osteoarthritic cartilage. PMID- 6615027 TI - Laboratory handling of crystals. PMID- 6615028 TI - Application of physical methods in the investigations of crystal-related arthropathies. PMID- 6615029 TI - Case presentations presented by the Department of Medicine, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol. PMID- 6615031 TI - [Acute respiratory viral infections in a sample of Roman population in the autumn winter 1980-1981]. PMID- 6615030 TI - [Circulation of the hepatitis B virus in an institution for the severely handicapped. II. Employment of personnel having antibodies against the virus B surface antigen in the assistance to HBeAg-positive children]. PMID- 6615033 TI - [Etiopathogenesis of measles infection]. PMID- 6615032 TI - [Measles: a current problem. Introduction]. PMID- 6615034 TI - [Diagnostic confirmation of measles and its implications]. PMID- 6615035 TI - [Epidemiology of measles and of its complications]. PMID- 6615036 TI - [Immunologic prevention of measles]. PMID- 6615037 TI - [Epidemiologic observations on the occurrence of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in Lombardy]. PMID- 6615023 TI - Proceedings of a symposium on crystal-related arthropathies. 22 October and 23 October, 1982, Bristol Polytechnic, Bristol. PMID- 6615038 TI - [Measles virus and multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 6615039 TI - [Considerations on the measles epidemic of 1977-1978 in the province of Trento]. PMID- 6615040 TI - [Epidemiologic course of measles in Bolzano in the 1970-1980 decade, based on reports. Comparison with cases detected by the school health service from September 1980 to May 1981]. PMID- 6615041 TI - [Experience of an antimeasles vaccination campaign]. PMID- 6615043 TI - [Clinical aspects of measles infection]. PMID- 6615042 TI - [Measles pneumomediastinum]. PMID- 6615044 TI - Experimental infection of horses with Trypanosoma evansi. I. Parasitological and clinical results. PMID- 6615045 TI - Observations on the colostral transfer of anti-trypanosome antibodies in N'Dama calves and the immune response to infection with Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax and T. (Nannomonas) congolense. PMID- 6615046 TI - Influence of Trypanosoma (T.) brucei brucei infection on delayed-type hypersensitivity to sheep red blood cells in mice. PMID- 6615047 TI - [Infestation by Onchocerca volvulus (Leuckart, 1893) of the Simulium damnosum complex in the region of Bunyakiri-Walikale (Kivu, Zaire)]. PMID- 6615048 TI - Contribution to the knowledge of Anopheles melas and An. gambiae in West Africa. PMID- 6615049 TI - Surgical results and protocols in the spectrum of tetralogy of Fallot. AB - Between 1967 and July 1982, 1103 operations were performed for the tetralogy of Fallot of all types with 116 (10.5%) hospital deaths. Eighty-eight hospital deaths (10.5%) occurred in the 836 patients undergoing repair. The incremental risk factors for hospital death after repair include pulmonary arterial problems (p = 0.0002), major associated cardiac anomalies (p less than 0.0001), small size (young age) (p less than 0.0001), and more than one previous operation (p = 0.0004). Absent pulmonary valve is a risk factor (p = 0.04). In patients with pulmonary stenosis, the hospital mortality has decreased with time (p = 0.08), but the incremental risk of a high hematocrit (p = 0.0003) and of transannular patching (p = 0.05) has persisted. In the current era, the risk of repair in patients with pulmonary stenosis is estimated to be 1.6% (70% confidence limits [CL] 0.7% to 3.5%) at age 5 years, and at age 12 months to be 4.1% (CL 2.7% to 6.3%) without a transannular patch and 7.7% (CL a5.3% to 11%) with one. When pulmonary atresia is present, the probability of hospital death after repair when a valved extracardiac conduit is used is estimated to be lowest (5%; CL 2% to 8%) between 5 1/2 and 16 years of age. No deaths occurred among 53 patients with pulmonary stenosis receiving a primary palliative Blalock-Taussig or Gore-Tex shunt, and six deaths (12%) occurred in 51 patients with pulmonary atresia. Serious interim complications (sudden death, brain abscess) after these shunts occurred in two (1.9%; CL 0.6% to 4.5%) of the patients operated on. No iatrogenic pulmonary arterial problems have been recognized. Protocols based on these results are presented. Many of these selective recommendations may become unnecessary if the damaging effects of cardiopulmonary bypass are overcome by future research. PMID- 6615050 TI - Blood cardioplegia delivery. Deleterious effects of potassium versus lidocaine. AB - Delivery of cardioplegic (CP) solutions to all regions of the myocardium is critical for optimal myocardial protection during cardiac surgery. However, there are little data regarding the effects of CP agents upon coronary vascular resistance (CVR) and CP delivery. Accordingly, we evaluated blood CP (Hct 30) delivery and CVR during 75 minutes of multi-dose hypothermic blood CP arrest in an in vivo isolated dog heart preparation. Three groups of dogs were studied: K(K+ = 30 mEq/L; n = 6), L (Lidocaine = 400 mg/L; K+ = 4 mEq/L; n = 6), and KL (K+ = 30 mEq/L, Lidocaine 400 mg/L; n = 6) during total cardiopulmonary bypass and moderate systemic hypothermia (28 C). Basal CVR was calculated by measuring total coronary flow (HR 120/min; mean aortic pressure = 80 mmHg) in the empty beating heart. After aortic cross-clamping, the blood CP solution was infused into the aortic root at a constant pressure (80 mmHg) and constant temperature (16 +/- 2 C) for 60 seconds at 15 minute intervals for a total arrest time of 75 min. Total CP flow, CVR, O2 consumption, lactate extraction/production, and K+ balance during 75 minutes of arrest and 30 minutes of reperfusion were determined. The distribution of the CP solution in the left ventricle was measured with radioactive microspheres (9 +/- 1 mu). Biopsy specimens were taken to measure wet to dry ratios. Values are mean +/- SEM. Data were analyzed by BMDP P2V. During the first CP infusion, after aortic cross-clamping, no differences in CVR or CP distribution were found among the three groups. However, CVR was increased significantly in the K group during the second CP infusion (O': 0.98 +/ 0.20 mmHg/ml/min/100 g; 15': 2.66 +/- 0.82; p less than 0.001). The CVR remained high for the remainder of the arrest period. Moreover, total, epi- and endocardial flow decreased significantly (54%, p less than 0.001). In groups L and KL, no significant changes in CVR were seen. Groups K and KL showed a significant K+ extraction during the first CP infusion. During the early reperfusion period, K+ washout occurred in these two groups, which was not seen in the L group. There was no significant difference between the three groups in myocardial O2 consumption, lactate metabolism, and water content during the arrest and the reperfusion period. In conclusion, high concentrations of K+ (30 mEq/L) can markedly increase CVR and impair blood CP delivery and distribution. These effects can be prevented by lidocaine. These findings warrant reassessment of the various additives to CP solutions and their effects on CVR and CP distribution during multi-dose hypothermic CP arrest. PMID- 6615051 TI - Portacaval shunt in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. AB - Portacaval shunt was performed in ten patients with homozygous and two with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Total serum cholesterol was lowered by 20% to 55.4% during follow-up periods of 14 months to almost 9 years, with commensurate decreases in LDL cholesterol. The effect on HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels was variable. Tendinocutaneous xanthomas diminished or disappeared. Growth and development in children proceeded or accelerated. There was no detectable emotional or intellectual deterioration. Hepatic failure did not occur, although blood ammonia concentrations and serum alkaline phosphatase levels increased relative to preoperative values. Cardiac symptoms were often improved, but evidence of reversal of cardiovascular lesions was inconclusive. Three patients with pre-existing heart disease died of cardiac complications after 4 months, 18 1/2 months, and 30 months. Portacaval shunt has been effective therapy for patients with FH who were refractory or intolerant to medical treatment; it should be performed before the development of irreversible cardiovascular damage. PMID- 6615052 TI - Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, thrombosis, and hemorrhage. AB - Sixty-two patients with a heparin-induced thrombocytopenia are reported. Clinical manifestations of this disorder include hemorrhage or, more frequently, thromboembolic events in patients receiving heparin. Laboratory testing has revealed a falling platelet count, increased resistance to heparin, and aggregation of platelets by the patient's plasma when heparin is added. Immunologic testing has demonstrated the presence of a heparin-dependent platelet membrane antibody. The 20 deaths, 52 hemorrhagic and thromboembolic complications, and 21 surgical procedures to manage the complications confirm the seriousness of the disorder. Specific risk factors have not been identified; therefore, all patients receiving heparin should be monitored. If the platelet count falls to less than 100,000/mm3, while the patient is receiving heparin, platelet aggregation testing, using the patient's plasma, is indicated. Management consists of cessation of heparin, platelet anti-aggregating agents, and alternate forms of anticoagulation when indicated. PMID- 6615054 TI - Abdominosacral resection for midrectal cancer. A fifteen-year experience. AB - From 1966 to 1981, 646 patients underwent resection for primary adenocarcinoma of the rectum by one surgeon (S.A.L.) in one hospital. The operation, selected by preoperative sigmoidoscopic measurement, was anterior resection (ASR) in 320 patients, abdominosacral resection (ASR) in 175 patients, and abdominoperineal resection (APR) in 151 patients. The operative mortality rate was 2% following each of the operations. Anastomotic complications occurred in less than 2% after AR and in 9.7% after ASR. All patients were completely continent of stool and flatus after AR and ASR. Follow-up is complete in 419 of 427 patients treated from 1966 to 1976. Five-year survival for curative resection (no distant metastases) was 66.2% after AR (129/195), 62.9% after ASR (56/89), and 43.4% after APR (33/76). For patients with no tumor in lymph nodes, survival rates were 73.9% in AR, 75% for ASR, and 59.5% for APR. With involvement of regional lymph nodes, survival fell to 45.2% in AR, 37.9% for ASR, and 17.7% for APR. Pelvic recurrence was detected in 13.3% after AR, 14.6% after ASR, and 13.2% after APR. The authors believe that for midrectal cancer, ASR is the most reliable sphincter saving procedure. It affords maximum exposure for wide resection of the tumor and safe anastomosis without disrupting the anal sphincters and their innervation. Sphincter preservation can be consistently preserved with no apparent increase in the risk of local recurrence or death from cancer. PMID- 6615053 TI - Unsuspected right ventricular dysfunction in shock and sepsis. AB - Monitoring of ventricular function by central venous (CVP) and pulmonary wedge pressures (PCW) was compared with ejection fraction and end-diastolic volume (gated pool scan) in patients resuscitated from hypovolemic and septic shock. Sixteen patients were studied within 24 hours of resuscitation and all showed depressed right ventricular ejection (RVEF) and/or an increased end-diastolic volume (RVEDVI). Group I (eight patients, hypovolemia and sepsis) had low RVEF (mean, 0.30), high RVEDVI (mean 129.2 ml/m2), and nearly normal left ventricular function (LVEF 0.63 and LVEDVI 63.6 ml/m2), compared to angiographic normals (RVEF 0.52, RVEDVI 55.8 ml/m2; nL LVEF 0.59, LVEDVI 52.3 ml/m2). Group II (3 patients, all septic) had better RVEF (mean, 0.54) but high RVEDVI (mean, 121.1 ml/m2) with normal LVEF (mean, 0.67) and high LVEDVI (mean LVEDVI 107.2 ml/m2). Group III consisted of five patients (hypovolemia and sepsis) who had biventricular depression (RVEF 0.25 and LVEF 0.29) and elevated EDVI. The mortality rate for group I (25%) was significantly less than for groups II and III (100% and 80%, respectively), and could be correlated with failure to improve RV function. Follow-up studies in ten patients showed improvement in seven which correlated with increased RVEF and reduced RVEDVI. Comparing survivors to non survivors showed no predictability on the basis of initial studies but a significantly larger RVEDVI and RV stroke work index in non-survivors' follow-up studies. No correlation could be made with left ventricular performance, and there were no correlations between PCWP and LVEDVI or CVP and RVEDVI. A significant negative correlation was seen between RVEF and pulmonary vascular resistance (r = -0.34, p less than 0.05). Both LVEDVI and RVEDVI were correlated significantly with cardiac index and with each other. RV dysfunction occurs after resuscitation of hypovolemia and sepsis without reliable alteration in filling pressure and is likely related to myocardial ischemia as well as increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Survival seems to depend on improvement in RV performance, which can be measured at the bedside by cardiac scintigraphy. PMID- 6615055 TI - Hemodynamic differences between alcoholic and nonalcoholic cirrhotics following distal splenorenal shunt--effect on survival? AB - The distal splenorenal shunt significantly improves 5-year survival from variceal bleeding in nonalcoholic (70%) compared to alcoholic (45%) cirrhosis patients. This study quantitates hemodynamic differences occurring in the first year after DSRS in 16 alcoholic compared to eight nonalcoholic patients. Portal venous perfusion was retained significantly better (p less than .01) by the nonalcoholic (seven of eight) than by the alcoholic (four of sixteen) patients. Mean liver blood flow (p less than 0.07), flow/unit liver volume (p less than .05), and flow required to perform a specific hepatocyte function (p less than 0.05) all increased significantly in the alcoholic compared to nonalcoholic group. Cardiac output increased significantly in the alcoholic patients (p less than 0.05), but was unchanged in the nonalcoholic patients. The alcoholic patients divided into two subsets, 11 who showed increase in flow (1082 +/- 260 to 1496 +/- 388 ml/min) and five who did not (1246 +/- 269 to 994 +/- 159 ml/min). The former had significantly (p less than 0.05) poorer hepatocyte function and had a significant (p less than 0.05) increase in flow/unit volume and flow/unit function at 1 year, which may have helped to maintain hepatocyte integrity. The latter, in parallel with the nonalcoholic patients, showed no significant change in these parameters and maintained a good functional hepatocyte mass. These data lead us to hypothesize that: 1) alcoholic liver injury has an increased risk of leading to loss of portal perfusion after DSRS, 2) as hepatocyte function falls, there is initial increase in hepatic arterial flow in alcoholic patients, triggered by increase in cardiac output, and 3) progressive injury and/or failure of the compensatory hemodynamic mechanism leads to earlier mortality in alcoholic patients. In contrast, the nonalcoholic cirrhosis patients preserve portal perfusion and maintain liver blood flow, both quantitatively and qualitatively, with retained hepatocyte function and improved survival. PMID- 6615056 TI - The Budd-Chiari syndrome. Treatment by mesenteric-systemic venous shunts. AB - Twelve patients with the Budd-Chiari syndrome have been managed surgically. Ten of the patients were female, two were male, with a mean age of 40 years. Three of the patients had polycythemia vera, two had pre-existing cirrhosis, one had ingested estrogens, one had an occult tumor, and in four there were no associated factors. Ten patients presented with ascites and two with bleeding esophageal varices. The diagnosis was confirmed in all 12 patients by liver biopsy and hepatic vein catheterization. Inferior vena cavography revealed the abdominal vena cava to be thrombosed in six patients. The superior mesenteric vein was used to decompress the congested liver in all 12 patients. In five patients, a mesocaval shunt (MCS) was performed and in seven patients, a mesoatrial shunt (MAS) was carried out. There were four hospital deaths (two MCS, two MAS). One late death (MAS) occurred from liver failure following shunt thrombosis. Two additional patients (one MCS, one MAS) re-developed ascites immediately following surgery and angiography revealed a thrombosed shunt. Ascites has been controlled with a LeVeen shunt in these two patients, but liver biopsies showed progression to cirrhosis. The remaining five patients (three MAS, two MCS) did well, and angiography revealed patent shunts. Two of these patients, however, re-developed ascites at 4 and 10 months following MAS and required a second MAS. Follow-up ranges from 6 to 68 months. In three of the patients (two MCS, one MAS) with patent shunts, liver biopsy shows a remarkable return toward normal liver architecture and histology. PMID- 6615057 TI - Nutrition following gastric operations for morbid obesity. AB - Nutritional status after 238 gastric operations designed to reduce caloric intake and body weight to within 30% of ideal was assessed by measuring body composition using the multiple isotope dilution technique. Body cell mass (BCM) and body fat were quantitated before and at 24 months after operation. Malnutrition was defined as a total exchangeable sodium (Nae) to total exchangeable potassium (Ke) ratio greater than 1.22. Data were collected on 96 patients. All had lost a mean of 26% of preoperative weight by 24 months. Significant malnutrition occurred in 47 patients whose Nae/Ke ratio ranged from 1.23 to 2.17 (1.45 +/- 0.03). There was a 34% reduction in body fat. The malnourished patients lost 10% more BCM by 24 months than did the normally nourished group. Malnutrition resolved as the stoma enlarged in 19 patients, and dietary counselling helped eight patients. Eighteen patients required reoperation to establish a larger orifice, and endoscopic dilatation was successful in two patients. Administration of a liquid diet via the gastrostomy was required for prolonged periods in some malnourished patients. Seventeen patients who had lost weight rapidly over a short time had low vitamin B12, thiamine, and serum and RBC folate levels. One patient had a markedly decreased serum thiamine level with neuropathy. Symptoms of weakness, easy fatigability, and lassitude were found in the malnourished patients. Low thiamine and serum folate levels were also seen in patients ingesting a liquid diet of 750 kcal with a standard multivitamin supplement. Malnutrition was not seen in these patients. In the 49 patients who remained well nourished, BCM decreased by 19%, but the Nae/Ke remained normal. Weight loss was well tolerated, and no patients required reoperation or supplemental liquid diet to increase caloric or protein intake. The degree of malnutrition in patients after gastric operations is as great as following intestinal bypass but is not associated with liver failure. Malnutrition with vitamin deficiency is a great potential hazard in patients who undergo intake-limiting operations, especially if the goal of the operation is to restore near-normal weight. Current operations are successfully designed to maintain a small orifice size, so that the risks of malnutrition are likely to increase in the future. PMID- 6615058 TI - Efficacy of elective lymph node dissection in patients with intermediate thickness primary melanoma. AB - One of the most controversial areas in the management of malignant melanoma concerns the efficacy of prophylactic lymph node dissection. During a retrospective computer-aided data review of over 3000 melanoma patients referred to the Duke University Cancer Center, 613 patients with complete staging along with surgical and pathologic data, having trunk and extremity melanoma, were identified with Breslow thickness in the range of 0.76 to 4.0 mm. One hundred eighty-seven of these clinically node-negative patients received an elective lymph node dissection (WLE/ND). The remaining patients were treated only with an initial wide local excision (WLE) at the time of diagnosis of their melanomas. There was no difference in age at diagnosis or male-female ratio between the treatment groups. A higher percentage of the WLE/ND group (36% vs. 31%) showed ulceration of their primary lesions and a greater mean tumor thickness (1.81 +/- 0.80 mm vs. 1.60 +/- 0.73 mm) than the WLE patients. Despite the force of these two adverse prognostic factors in the WLE/ND group, only ten deaths (5%) have occurred in the elective lymph node group compared to 51 (12%) in the control group. Using a multifactorial analysis to control for the prognostic contribution of the two most informative variables in stage I melanoma, Breslow thickness and ulceration, WLE/ND had an independent favorable effect on survival (p = 0.01). There was no apparent additional benefit to lymph node dissection in patients whose primary lesion measured less than 0.76 mm or greater than 4.0 mm in thickness. The surgeon may use survival estimates with and without elective node dissection based on a prognostic equation ("prognostigram") as a quantitative aid to treatment planning. PMID- 6615060 TI - The quest for a valve substitute: perturbations of a clinical surgeon. PMID- 6615059 TI - Results of resection in non-oat cell carcinoma of the lung with mediastinal lymph node metastases. AB - From 1974 to 1981, 1598 patients with non-oat cell carcinoma of the lung were seen and treated. All were staged according to the AJC staging system. Of these, 706 patients had evidence of mediastinal lymph node metastases (N2). There were 151 patients (21%) who had complete, potentially curative resection of their primary tumor and all accessible mediastinal lymph nodes. The histologic type of tumor was adenocarcinoma in 94 patients, epidermoid carcinoma in 46 patients, and large-cell carcinoma in 11 patients. The extent of pulmonary resection consisted of a lobectomy in 119 patients, pneumonectomy in 26 patients, and wedge resection or segmentectomy in six patients. Almost all patients also received radiation therapy to the mediastinum. Clinical staging of the primary tumor and the mediastinum was based on the radiographic presentation of the chest and on bronchoscopy. Before treatment, 104 of 151 patients (69%) were believed to have had stage I (90 patients) or II (14 patients) disease, and 47 patients had stage III disease, of whom only 33 had evidence of mediastinal lymph node involvement. Excluding deaths from unrelated causes, the overall survival rate was 74% at 1 year, 43% at 3 years and 29% at 5 years. Survival in patients with clinical stage I or II disease treated by resection was favorable despite the presence of N2 nodes (50% at 3 years). Survival in obvious clinical N2 disease was poor (8% at 3 years). There was no difference in survival between patients with adenocarcinoma and those with epidermoid carcinoma. However, survival was poorer in patients with N2 nodes in the inferior mediastinum compared to those without lymph node involvement at that level. PMID- 6615061 TI - Failure of Hancock xenograft valve: importance of valve position (4- to 9-year follow-up). AB - To evaluate long-term durability of Hancock valves, we reviewed our results in 107 hospital survivors (120 valves) who were operated on during 1974 through mid 1979. Mitral valve replacement was done in 63 patients, aortic valve replacement in 20, and mitral valve replacement combined with other procedures in 24. The 7 year survival was 84 +/- 4% (standard error of the mean) for 91 patients and 97 valves. During a follow-up of 590 patient-years, 15 (12 mitral and 3 aortic) of 120 valves at risk (87 mitral, 32 aortic, 1 tricuspid) were removed from 14 patients. Six valves (3 mitral and 3 aortic) were removed because of bacterial endocarditis. One mitral valve was removed because of thromboembolism. Eight mitral valves were removed because of valve structural failure, which occurred at a mean follow-up of 42 months. These valves showed extensive calcification, leaflet perforation, or cusp tear. Structural failure was unrelated to valve size, year of implantation, or valve shelf-life. Structural failure was not seen after aortic valve replacement. Results show that structural failure of the Hancock xenograft valve in the mitral position is related primarily to valve position. After aortic valve replacement, valve failure is predominantly due to endocarditis. Although medium-term (mean, 6-year) durability of this xenograft valve compares satisfactorily with prosthetic valves, its high failure rate in the mitral position indicates the necessity for improvement in valve mounting, design, and preservation. PMID- 6615062 TI - Correlation of preoperative pulmonary function testing with clinical course in patients after pneumonectomy. AB - Postoperative morbidity and mortality were correlated with the preoperative results of three widely used tests of pulmonary function in 90 patients who underwent pneumonectomy for carcinoma of the lung. Factors analyzed following operation included thirty-day mortality, the incidence of arrhythmias, the frequency of respiratory complications, and the number of individuals requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation. Fourteen patients had a forced vital capacity (FVC) of 70% or less of predicted normal value. Eleven had a one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) of 1.5 liters or less, and 32 had an FEV1 of less than 2 liters. Twenty-six had an FEV1/FVC ratio of 0.6 or less. There were no differences in morbidity or mortality between these individuals and the patients whose test scores exceeded these criteria. As a general rule, decisions regarding operability and extent of resection cannot be made solely on the basis of the three spirometry tests reviewed. PMID- 6615063 TI - Circular esophageal myotomy in the rhesus monkey: anatomical and physiological effects. AB - Thirty-one rhesus monkeys were divided into six groups: a control group of 4 monkeys in which resection of 33% of the thoracic esophagus with end-to-end anastomosis was performed without myotomy, and test groups of 4 to 6 monkeys each in which circular myotomy in the proximal segment, distal segment, or both was combined with a 25% or 33% resection. In the control group, 2 of 4 monkeys survived. In the test groups, myotomy reduced longitudinal tension by 20 to 58%. Among the survivors were 4 of 6 animals that had 25% resection with proximal myotomy, 3 of 5 having 25% resection with distal myotomy, and 3 of 4 having 25% resection with combined proximal and distal myotomy. However, 4 of 5 monkeys that had 33% resection plus proximal myotomy and all 5 having 33% resection plus distal myotomy died of anastomotic leaks or strictures. Cineesophagography in surviving monkeys showed no motility disturbance at the myotomy sites. Manometry in 5 monkeys showed no change in resting lower esophageal sphincter pressure from that measured preoperatively. Postmortem examination in long-term survivors showed no stricture or dilatation at the myotomy sites. It is concluded that circular myotomy in the rhesus monkey reduces longitudinal tension, but compromise of the esophageal blood supply limits the usefulness of the procedure in bridging long gaps in the esophagus. Myotomy did not result in any motility disturbance or late anatomical sequelae, and therefore is still a valid procedure to facilitate the repair of short defects. PMID- 6615064 TI - A new method of tracheal reconstruction. AB - When resection of more than 50% of the trachea is necessary, tracheal reconstruction becomes a very difficult problem. We tested a new method of tracheal reconstruction using the left main bronchus. The procedure was performed in 6 adult mongrel dogs. Through a midline sternotomy, a left pneumonectomy is performed, preserving as much of the left main bronchus as possible. The carina is preserved and mobilized, and the left main bronchus is passed under the aortic arch and reversed. The distal end of the bronchus is anastomosed to the proximal end of the resected trachea. The distal end of the resected trachea is closed by stapling. Four animals survived the procedure without apparent functional difficulty and remained healthy until they were killed five to ten months postoperatively. The anastomosis was well healed without stenosis. Anatomical measurements in 10 human cadavers revealed that the length of the left main bronchus to the level of the upper lobe takeoff is approximately 50% that of the trachea. The diameter of the left main bronchus is approximately 75% that of the trachea. We believe that the technique described can extend the limits of tracheal resection in a selected group of patients for whom there is currently no good alternative. PMID- 6615065 TI - Five-year experience with the Ionescu-Shiley bovine pericardial valve in the aortic position. AB - Between February, 1977, and April, 1982, 168 patients underwent aortic valve replacement (AVR) with an Ionescu-Shiley bovine pericardial valve. Concomitant procedures were performed in 71 patients. There were 12 hospital deaths (7.1%). Among patients having AVR only, there were 5 deaths (5.2%). Assessment included valve durability, incidence of thromboembolism, clinical improvement, and patient survival. There was 100% follow-up. Actuarial freedom from intrinsic valve failure at 5 years was 96.3 +/- 3.6%. Intrinsic valve failure occurred only once, 0.3 episodes per 100 patient-years. Four patients had thromboembolic complications. As for clinical status, 99.3% of surviving patients are in New York Heart Association Functional Class I or II, including 79 patients with valve sizes 17, 19, or 21 mm (56%). Among 13 late deaths, 9 were related to the cardiovascular system. Overall patient survival is 84.9 +/- 4.7%. Among the 92 patients with isolated AVR, 87.8 +/- 5.9% are alive at the 5-year follow-up. If the incidence of valve failure is not altered in years to come, the durability of the Ionescu-Shiley bovine pericardial valve will surpass that of previous bioprostheses. PMID- 6615066 TI - Transposition of the great arteries and ventricular septal defect: results with the Senning operation and closure of the ventricular septal defect in infants. AB - From May, 1978, to July, 1982, 46 infants ranging in age from 12 days to 12 months and in weight from 2.1 to 8.4 kg underwent repair of dextrotransposition of the great arteries (D-TGA) and ventricular septal defect (VSD) using a Senning repair and closure of the VSD. Ventricular septal defects were classified as membranous (47.8%), malaligned (28.3%), atrioventricular (AV) canal type (13.0%), subarterial (2.2%), muscular (2.2%), and multiple (6.5%). Hospital mortality was 15.2% and late mortality, 5.1%. Postoperative complications included tricuspid regurgitation (mild in 3 and severe, requiring tricuspid valve replacement, in 3), residual VSD (pulmonary/systemic flow ratio of greater than 2:1) in 3 patients (2, AV canal type and 1, multiple VSDs), pulmonary venous obstruction in 3 patients, and permanent complete heart block in 4 patients (2, AV canal type of VSD also requiring tricuspid valve replacement). Lung biopsy studies showed reversible Heath-Edwards and morphometric changes. No patient was seen with Heath Edwards III or greater changes. In 10 patients, right ventricular end-diastolic pressures and pulmonary artery pressures at rest were within normal limits one year after operation. As the operative mortality of atrial inversion and arterial switch operations for D-TGA with VSD tends to become comparable, more extensive follow-up data, including cardiac catheterization and coronary arteriography in a large number of patients, will be necessary to establish the superiority of one approach over the other. PMID- 6615067 TI - Defective platelet aggregation in patients undergoing surgical repair of cyanotic congenital heart disease. AB - Fifteen patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass for repair of cyanotic congenital defects were examined for evidence of platelet aggregation abnormalities by means of electronic particle sizing. Eight patients with polycythemia whose hematocrits were greater than or equal to 50% before bypass were compared with 7 patients without polycythemia whose hematocrits were less than 50%. Patients also were compared with 11 healthy volunteers. Before bypass, platelets in blood from the patients with polycythemia formed markedly smaller platelet aggregates (8.9 +/- 0.8 X 10(3) mu 3; mean +/- standard error of the mean) in response to adenosine diphosphate than those of the other group of patients (21.7 +/- 1.9 X 10(3) mu 3; p less than 0.001) or healthy volunteers (25.8 +/- 2.1 X 10(3) mu 3; p less than 0.001). Mean platelet aggregate sizes were not different between patients without polycythemia and normal volunteers (p greater than 0.05). In samples taken after bypass, patients with polycythemia again had smaller aggregates than the other group of patients (p less than 0.005). This platelet defect is quantitatively related to polycythemia, and may be a mechanical effect of the excess erythrocytes. PMID- 6615068 TI - The natural history and recommended management of patients with traumatic coronary artery fistulas. AB - Traumatic coronary artery fistulas are reported less often than other complications resulting from both penetrating and blunt trauma to the heart. We describe a 50-year-old man in whom the natural history of a traumatic coronary fistula is well documented. This patient, who was referred for evaluation and treatment of complications of a traumatic coronary artery fistula resulting from a shrapnel injury 31 years before admission to the hospital, had five cardiac catheterizations prior to undergoing definitive surgical repair. During this period, he progressed from being totally asymptomatic to having disabling angina and congestive heart failure. These symptoms developed even though the patient's left-to-right shunt remained constant; moreover, the symptoms appeared to develop secondary to a "steal" of myocardial blood flow from the uninvolved coronary arterial bed through tortuous collaterals. Based on this experience and supported by published reports of 25 other patients, we recommend that nearly all patients with traumatic coronary artery fistulas be considered as candidates for elective surgical repair in order to prevent the eventual development of serious and possibly life-threatening complications. Operative repair can be accomplished safely with excellent long-term results. PMID- 6615069 TI - The effect of ionized calcium, pH, and temperature on bioactive parathyroid hormone during and after open-heart operations. AB - Normal myocardial function is dependent on the metabolic balance of a number of electrolytes and hormones. The calcium ion plays a major role in muscle contraction and is rigorously controlled within narrow limits. Open-heart surgery imposes metabolic disturbances on both electrolytes and hormones, especially ionized calcium. Normally, ionized calcium levels are controlled by parathyroid hormone with a negative feedback from the ionized calcium controlling the system, but the results from this study suggest that during open-heart procedures, ionized calcium does not impose its normal negative feedback on bioactive parathyroid hormone secretion. The low blood pH levels that occurred during the operative conditions of the patients studied and the level of hypothermia imposed on the circulating blood during cardiopulmonary bypass appeared to influence the control of parathyroid hormone secretion, causing high levels of hormone to be secreted during this period. PMID- 6615070 TI - Metabolic and functional effects of carbohydrate substrate with single-dose and multiple-dose potassium cardioplegia. AB - The isolated working rat heart model of ischemic arrest was used to determine if the addition of carbohydrate substrate to our cardioplegic solution enhanced metabolic and functional myocardial protection. A single-dose cardioplegia technique, as used in earlier studies that showed glucose to have a harmful effect, and a multidose technique similar to that used clinically were studied and compared. Because recent data suggest that fructose-1,6-diphosphate(FDP) may have a protective effect with ischemia, this substrate was also tested and compared to glucose and fructose. In this model, single-dose cardioplegia resulted in poor protection from ischemic injury in all study groups. There was marked improvement in myocardial protection with multidose cardioplegia, and further substantial protection of myocardial function, high-energy phosphate levels, and glycogen stores when carbohydrate substrate was added to the arrest solution. The solution with a higher concentration of glucose (0.5%) provided the best overall metabolic and functional recovery and was clearly superior to fructose and FDP, both of which had about the same protective effect. Improved protection with carbohydrate substrate was accompanied by evidence of substantial increase in glycolytic flux, supporting the idea that increased anaerobic glycolysis can help protect the ischemic myocardium when intermittent reinfusion of cardioplegic solution is done. PMID- 6615071 TI - Clinical evaluation of a sutureless cardiac pacing lead: chronic threshold changes and lead durability. AB - Chronic threshold changes and durability of the Medtronic 6917 sutureless cardiac pacing lead were evaluated in 100 consecutive patients. A bipolar pacing system was established in each patient. Lead failure occurred in 4 patients; all failures resulted from exit block or loss of adequate contact between electrode and myocardium. Electrode fracture or loss of lead insulation was not observed. Fifty patients had replacement of the pulse generator 27.4 +/- 1.8 months after implantation. Long-term stimulation threshold voltage was about 2.5 times greater and current was about 3.5 times greater than values obtained at initial implantation, yet they continued to permit safe and effective cardiac pacing. PMID- 6615072 TI - His bundle interruption for reentry tachycardia in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. AB - This report relates the experience with 16 patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in whom His bundle interruption was performed for reentry atrioventricular (AV) tachycardia caused by a circuit composed of the His and Kent bundles. A review of the surgical anatomy of the area encompassing the AV node and the His bundle is included. The reasons for selection of His bundle interruption in the 16 patients were as follows: (1) it is safer in the poor-risk patient; (2) the His bundle was adjacent to the Kent bundle and could not be avoided; or (3) the His bundle was divided after attempted interruption of the Kent bundle failed. The methods used for interruption, either alone or in combination, included suture ligation, electrocautery, incision, and cryothermia. This study showed that in order to interrupt the His bundle with minimum physiological impairment, ablation should be done at the AV node--His bundle junction. This can be achieved in most patients with carefully applied cryothermia. If cryothermic ablation fails, then an incision must be made that separates the inferior aspect of the atrial septum from the right fibrous trigone. His bundle interruption at the AV node--His bundle junction was accomplished in 13 of the 16 patients. PMID- 6615073 TI - Right ventricular outflow obstruction secondary to right-sided tamponade following myocardial trauma. AB - A case of isolated tamponade of the right side of the heart, seen as an abrupt change in the cardiac silhouette and as right ventricular outflow obstruction following myocardial trauma, is presented, along with a review of the English language literature on delayed postoperative tamponade and loculated pericardial effusion. The importance of a low, fixed cardiac output and nonspecific physical findings in suggesting the clinical diagnosis is emphasized. The absence of many of the classic signs and symptoms of pericardial tamponade is noted, as is the possibility of unusual changes in the appearance or function of the heart in the presence of a loculated effusion. Finally, the differential diagnosis and the results of a variety of diagnostic techniques are discussed. PMID- 6615074 TI - Trocar cannulation of the ascending aorta: a new technique. AB - An improved technique for cannulating the ascending aorta has been developed and used in 229 consecutive open-heart procedures without complication. Advantages of the method include speed and ease of cannula insertion, elimination of the need for partial-occlusion clamping of the aorta, minimization of the risk of introducing air, minimization of blood loss, and facilitation of distal cannulation in patients with short aortas. PMID- 6615075 TI - The nuts and bolts of sternal dehiscence. AB - An eight-year experience (11 patients) with the Knodt rod compression system for sternal reclosure is presented. The system provides a simple, rapid, and safe method for sternal fixation after dehiscence. PMID- 6615076 TI - Critical pulmonary stenosis in infants. PMID- 6615077 TI - Spasmolytic activity of cinnamedrine and papaverine in isolated rat uterine muscle. AB - The objective of this work was to thoroughly examine the smooth muscle relaxing properties of cinnamedrine, compared with papaverine, in vitro, using rat uterus. Cinnamedrine and papaverine both exhibited dose-related spasmolytic activity in the isolated spontaneously contracting rat uterus and in uterine tissue pretreated with oxytocin to augment spasms. The IC50's for cinnamedrine and papaverine were 36.2 and 7.7 microM respectively; the IC50's after oxytocin pretreatment were 25.7 microM for cinnamedrine and 10.0 microM for papaverine. Neither hormonal status of the rats, with respect to their estrus cycle, nor oxytocin pretreatment of the isolated tissues noticeably affected the activity of either cinnamedrine or papaverine. PMID- 6615078 TI - The effects of sodium selenite on rat diaphragm muscle. AB - The effects of sodium selenite on isolated rat diaphragm muscle were investigated. Sodium selenite (0.1-3.0 mM) caused a complete inhibition of twitch responses elicited by either direct or indirect stimulation and induced a muscle contracture. These effects were irreversible and linearly related to the concentration of selenite and were not preceded by membrane depolarization. The contracture induced by sodium selenite is decreased by 50% in Ca++-free Ringer's solution containing 2.0 mM EDTA and the latency of muscle rigor was significantly reduced. The actions of selenite appeared to be temperature-dependent. Neither caffeine (20 mM) nor isotonic KCl solution produced any additional contracture after the completion of selenite rigor. Cysteine, tetrodotoxin, procaine and lidocaine failed to alter selenite-induced contracture. These results suggest that selenite probably caused an irreversible alteration in the contractile system of the mammalian muscle. PMID- 6615079 TI - Action of testosterone on some biochemical parameters related to the energy metabolism of the skeletal muscle. AB - The effect of intramuscular administration of testosterone propionate was studied on rat gastrocnemius muscle. Muscular glycolytic substrates and Krebs' cycle metabolites (glycogen, glucose, glucose-6-phosphate, pyruvate, lactate, citrate, alpha-ketoglutarate, succinate, malate), related aminoacids (glutamate, alanine, ammonia), energy store and mediators (creatine phosphate, ATP, ADP, AMP) and the energy charge potential were evaluated. The influence of the factors: testosterone dose, time course of treatment and sex of animals was investigated, no relevant changes being noticed. PMID- 6615080 TI - Antagonism of the 5-HT-induced bronchoconstriction in the cat. AB - In cats in which bronchoconstriction was induced and maintained by infusion of 5 HT, the bronchodilator effects of ketanserin, a related compound, cyproheptadine, clenbuterol and aminophylline were compared. The novel 5-HT2 antagonists ketanserin and R50970 were active in doses of about 10 nmol/kg, cyproheptadine was about 5 times less potent, but had a longer duration of action. Clenbuterol and aminophylline were only partially effective against 5-HT-induced bronchoconstriction. There was no reliable effect of the 5-HT antagonists against carbachol-induced bronchoconstriction. PMID- 6615081 TI - Pharmacodynamic studies with flunarizine, a calcium influx blocker. AB - Flunarizine, a difluoro derivative of cinnarizine, has been used to study its antivasoconstrictor effects on isolated perfused rat mesentery. The vasoconstrictor responses induced by sequential intra-arterial injections of phenylephrine (PhE) and norepinephrine (NE), were measured as an increase in the perfusion pressure (mm Hg). Flunarizine was administered either by i.v. route in a dose of 3 mg/kg, 15-20 min before the isolation of the mesentery or it was added to the perfusing medium, in concentrations ranging from 100 pg to 1 microgram/ml (PhE experiments) and from 1 ng to 1 microgram/ml (NE experiments). Intravenous administration of flunarizine significantly decreased the vascular reactivity of rat mesentery to PhE and NE at all dose levels. Continuous perfusion of flunarizine attenuated the vasoconstrictor responses induced by PhE and NE. Flunarizine was further studied for its hemodynamic effects in anaesthetized rats using the radioactive microspheres technique. Flunarizine (5 mg/kg i.p.) was administered 60 min prior to the determination of hemodynamic parameters. It was found not to affect general hemodynamics (mean blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output and hematocrit). However, it produced a significant decrease of renal and splenic blood flows. The changes in blood flows were associated with similar changes in the percentage distribution of cardiac output to these organs, thus indicating that local regulatory mechanisms were influenced by flunarizine. It appears that flunarizine has preferential effects on the different vasculatures in vivo, whereas it produces nonspecific inhibition of exogenous PhE and NE in the rat mesentery in vitro. PMID- 6615082 TI - Effects of calcium antagonists on spontaneous and pharmacologically increased contractility of vascular smooth muscle. AB - Effects of calcium antagonists on spontaneous mechanical activity and pharmacological reactivity of isolated rat portal vein were investigated. Prenilamine (PREN) 2 X 10(-4) M, verapamil (VER) 2 X 10(-5) M and nifedipine (NIF) 3 X 10(-8) M abolished spontaneous phasic contractions. In veins incubated in calcium-free medium plus PREN, VER or NIF, readmission of calcium restored mechanical activity up to similar control values when [Ca2+]0 reached 4.88 mM. Contractures evoked by epinephrine (EPI) 2.5 X 10(-5) M or KCl 90 mM were diminished in a similar degree by all three antagonists, its pharmacological potency being NIF greater than VER greater than PREN. Tonic component of contracture was significantly more depressed than phasic. Contracture evoked by methoxamine 10(-4) M was impaired by prazosin 10(-8) M as well as by NIF 3 X 10( 10) M. The alpha1 antagonist also blocked EPI contractile effects. Comparative studies were performed in isolated rat tail ventral artery; contractions evoked by KCl 120 mM or EPI 5 X 10(-5) M or methoxamine 10(-4) M were differentially affected by calcium omission or by NIF 3 X 10(-8) M. Results support the hypothesis that calcium antagonists act mainly by interfering with calcium influx across cell membrane without selective action upon voltage or receptor operated channels. PMID- 6615083 TI - The effect of dopamine on the occurrence of kidney lesions caused by hypotension in rats. AB - Dopamine at dose rates varying from 80 micrograms/kg/min to 0.3 micrograms/kg/min was infused i.v. in rats anesthetized with ketamine, during a period of 60 min while the rats were bled into a reservoir against a pressure of 50 mm Hg. The bleeding was followed by reinfusion of the blood remaining in the reservoir at 60 min. At a dose rate of 80 micrograms/kg/min 5/9 animals died during the bleeding and the remaining 4 died within 24 hr. In all 9 animals the time at which the bleeding volume reached its maximum (tMBV in.) was shortened considerably and spontaneous uptake of shed blood started earlier than in the controls. At 20 micrograms/kg/min 24 hr mortality was 63% and tMBV in. was shortened. At 5 micrograms/kg/min and lower 24 hr mortality was negligible, but at 5 micrograms/kg/min tMBV in. was still shortened. At all doses used the maximum bleeding volume was essentially the same. At 20 micrograms/kg/min and lower no significant effect on the severity of kidney lesions was observed. The absence of a favourable effect of dopamine may largely be explained by the high sympathetic tone present during the period of hypotension. PMID- 6615085 TI - Early drainage of pericardial effusion in patients with dialysis pericarditis. PMID- 6615084 TI - Effects of MD770207 (carocainide) on experimental ventricular arrhythmias. AB - Administered by intravenous or oral route, carocainide, MD770207, abolished experimental ventricular arrhythmias in anaesthetized and conscious dogs. Slow rate intravenous infusion (0.5 mg/kg/min) studies in conscious coronary ligated dogs demonstrated a good arrhythmia conversion as well as a wide margin of safety; mean conversion to 95% of normal sinus rhythm was achieved at 10.5 +/- 2.1 mg/kg while first signs of reversible neuro and cardio-toxicity occurred at 37.8 +/- 8 mg/kg. The reference agents disopyramide and lidocaine showed less favourable safety margin. Carocainide reduced epicardial ST-segment elevation produced by short coronary artery occlusion and prevented the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation resulting from reperfusion after acute coronary artery ligation. At antiarrhythmic dose levels there were no undesirable effects noted on cardiovascular function. Given intravenously the compound increased the ventricular fibrillation threshold in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 6615086 TI - Nursing home hazard of chronic indwelling urinary catheters. PMID- 6615087 TI - Analgesic nephropathy. For this time and for this place. PMID- 6615088 TI - Postmenopausal tooth loss. Contributions to edentulism by osteoporosis and cigarette smoking. AB - Two hundred eight white women, aged 60 to 69 years, had acquired 218 upper or lower full dentures. Each woman's smoking habits and current osteoporosis severity (percent cortical area [PCA] at metacarpal midshaft) were compared with the age at which she had acquired each full denture. Among osteoporotic women (PCA less than 70%) who still had their natural teeth at age 50 years, 44% had required a new full denture before age 60 compared with 15% of nonosteoporotic women (PCA greater than 80). Different denture requirements between these groups had not existed before age 50 but had continued after age 60. Fifty-two percent of smokers, 26% of nonsmokers, and only 8% of nonosteoporotic nonsmokers had required dentures since age 50. These observations strongly suggest that middle aged women may be more likely to retain their teeth if they avoid smoking and undertake a program effective in preventing progression of osteoporosis. PMID- 6615089 TI - Disopyramide-induced urinary retention. Report of nine cases and review of the literature. AB - Urinary retention is sometimes reported as an adverse reaction during disopyramide phosphate therapy. We report one case of acute renal failure and eight cases of urinary retention. Previous reports of this adverse reaction are summarized. The cause of disopyramide-induced urinary retention is unknown. It is possible that disopyramide or a metabolite via their anticholinergic properties plays some role in the manifestation of urinary tract symptomatology. Treatment of this adverse reaction includes lowering the dose, discontinuing the drug, or possibly using a cholinergic drug to compete with the anticholinergic effects of the disopyramide. PMID- 6615090 TI - Epidemiologic study of regular analgesic use and end-stage renal disease. AB - A case-control study of the relationship between regular analgesic consumption and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) development was conducted and was made up of 527 patients with ESRD and 1,047 matched controls from southeastern Pennsylvania and southern New Jersey. The study was unable to demonstrate an increased risk of ESRD associated with use of analgesics either as single compounds or in combinations. In addition, no consistent dose or duration relationship was shown for users of specific analgesic combinations or for single compounds. We suggest that if there is an association between the use of analgesics and ESRD development, the risk is not large or at least not large in the geographic area where the study was carried out. PMID- 6615091 TI - Determinants of bone mass in postmenopausal women. AB - Eighty white women, mean age 52 years, within one to six years postmenopausal, were studied to examine the relationship of various factors to bone mass. Forty four of the women had annual measurements of bone mass, so that the rate of bone loss could be determined. Bone mass was measured by total body neutron activation analysis and photon absorptiometry of the distal radius (total body calcium [TBCa] and bone mineral content [BMC], respectively). Breast-feeding and pregnancy were noted to be associated with higher bone mass; those with lower BMC and/or TBCa tended to have higher serum alkaline phosphatase levels, lower testosterone levels, and more years since the cessation of menses. The rate of bone loss from the radius was greater in those with higher parathyroid hormone levels; those with reduced dietary intake of calcium and lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels had a greater rate of loss of TBCa. PMID- 6615092 TI - Intravenous sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim for serious gram-negative bacillary infection. AB - Intravenous therapy with sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim cured seven patients with serious gram-negative infection. Three patients had bacteremia, three had pneumonia, and one each had meningitis, peritonitis, pyogenic liver abscesses, and urinary tract infection. Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim was selected in three patients with renal failure to avoid aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity, in three patients because of penicillin allergy, and in two cases because of bacterial resistance to other readily available antibiotics. Adverse drug reactions occurred in three cases and included oral monilia, transient leukopenia, and fluid overload. In contrast to the new broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotics, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim costs two to 2 1/2 times less and has not been associated with the emergence of bacterial resistance during therapy. This may favor the use of parenteral sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim for some patients with serious gram-negative infection. PMID- 6615093 TI - Thalassemia among Chinese-Bostonians. Usefulness of the hemoglobin H preparation. AB - Microcytosis was noted in 14.7% of the complete blood cell count reports of Chinese subjects in a Boston Chinatown health center. One hundred forty-nine of these subjects' conditions were further evaluated by hemoglobin electrophoresis, Hb H inclusion bodies preparation, Hb A2 quantitation, and ferritin assay. Ninety one cases of alpha-thalassemia-1 trait and 49 cases of beta-thalassemia trait were diagnosed. In this study population, the prevalence of thalassemia trait and of iron deficiency resulting in microcytosis was 13.8% and 3.4%, respectively. The Hb H preparation was found to be clinically useful and reliable for detecting alpha-thalassemia-1 trait in Chinese carriers, after the exclusion of iron deficiency and beta-thalassemia by routine studies. PMID- 6615094 TI - The group counseling v exercise therapy study. A controlled intervention with subjects following myocardial infarction. AB - One hundred six postmyocardial infarction subjects who either achieved a mean work load of less than seven mets on treadmill testing, who were rated as anxious and/or depressed, or who met both criteria, participated in a controlled study comparing the rehabilitation effectiveness of exercise therapy and group counseling. Each intervention lasted 12 weeks. Follow-up evaluations were scheduled at three months, six months and one year. Exercise substantially increased mean work capacity, decreased fatigue, lessened anxiety and depression, and promoted independence and sociability. Counseling substantially reduced depression and promoted a sense of friendliness, and decreased interpersonal friction as well as greater independence and sociability. The control group reported no substantial change on any measured factor. Neither counseling nor exercise had an effect on mortality though subjects in the exercise group reported fewer major cardiovascular sequelae. PMID- 6615095 TI - Comparative in vitro activities of third-generation cephalosporins. AB - The in vitro susceptibilities of 823 clinical isolates to eight third-generation cephalosporin and cephalosporinlike antibiotics were studied. All eight antibiotics were more active and had broader spectrums of activity against gram negative bacilli and anaerobes than older derivatives; however, they were less active against gram-positive cocci. Cefotaxime sodium, cefmenoxime hydrochloride, ceftriaxone disodium, and ceftizoxime sodium had similar activities. Cefoperazone sodium was more active than those drugs against Pseudomonas aeruginosa but less active against Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter. Ceftazidime pentahydrate was more active against P aeruginosa but less active against gram-positive cocci. Moxalactam disodium was more active against some Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas maltophilia, and Bacteroides fragilis but less active against gram-positive cocci. Thienamycin formamidide monohydrate had the broadest spectrum of activity and was the only antibiotic active against Streptococcus faecalis; the only resistant species were P maltophilia and Pseudomonas cepacia. PMID- 6615096 TI - Pseudoatrioventricular block. PMID- 6615097 TI - Ten commandments for effective consultations. AB - If internists are not explicitly instructed in how to perform consultations, the outcome of their consultative efforts may be suboptimal. We suggest that consultations will be more helpful if the following principles are followed: the consultant should determine the question that is being asked, establish the urgency of the consultation, gather primary data, communicate as briefly as appropriate, make specific recommendations, provide contingency plans, understand his own role in the process, offer educational information, communicate recommendations directly to the requesting physician, and provide appropriate follow-up. If these ten "commandments" are followed, the consultation is more likely to be effective and satisfactory for all the participants. PMID- 6615098 TI - Diagnosis of tricuspid regurgitation. Current status. AB - The most accepted diagnostic methods of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) are the physical examinations and the evaluation of right atrial pressure. However, these methods are not consistently diagnostic, and a "silent" form of TR has been recognized. The current status of noninvasive and invasive diagnostic techniques is reviewed. PMID- 6615099 TI - Exploring patient beliefs. Steps to enhancing physician-patient interaction. AB - Most physicians are skilled at collecting medical information important for clinical diagnosis. However, they obtain less information about the attitudes and beliefs patients have about their illnesses. Patients' beliefs determine their responses to an illness and the strategies they use for coping with it. Without knowing those beliefs, physicians may find themselves and their patients frustrated by misunderstandings and differing agenda. Beliefs can be explored fairly simply by careful listening and a few directed questions. Once recognized, they can be modified or incorporated into joint approaches to treatment. Learning patients' beliefs is an important early step in developing the physician-patient relationship. PMID- 6615100 TI - Symmetrical bone scan in a patient with acute hypercalcemia. AB - A previously healthy 49-year-old woman had symptoms of acute hypercalcemia that was not parathyroid-hormone mediated. Despite no clinical signs or symptoms of arthritis, a bone scan showed increased uptake in the juxtaarticular areas of the joints in the upper and lower extremities. The biopsy specimen of skeletal lesions noted on roentgenograms supported a diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Symmetrical lesions on bone scan in a patient with asymptomatic joints and acute hypercalcemia may be the first sign of an underlying hematologic malignant neoplasm. PMID- 6615101 TI - Electroconvulsive therapy-induced ECG changes simulating a myocardial infarction. AB - Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) can produce various cardiac arrhythmias; however, to our knowledge, no other alterations have been described in the ECG. A 75-year old woman was admitted to the Methodist Hospital in Brooklyn, NY, because of depression. She had had no cardiac symptoms and had been in good health. She was not receiving any medications. Physical examination showed no abnormalities. Findings from the routine laboratory tests, a chest roentgenogram, and the initial ECG were normal. In view of the severe depression, a series of ECTs were given to the patient during a two-week period. A repeated ECG showed deep T-wave inversions in leads I, II, III, aVF, and V1 to V6. The patient was completely asymptomatic. Serial enzyme determinations were normal. A brain scan, gated-pool scan, computed tomography scan of the head, and a technetium Tc 99m pyrophosphate scan were all normal. Serial ECGs showed a persistence of the deep T-wave inversions. There were no QRS changes. There was no evidence of a cerebral vascular accident or pericarditis. The T-wave changes in our patient were not due to a myocardial infarction. Thus, ECT can produce striking T-wave abnormalities in the ECG that can simulate an acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6615102 TI - Primary adrenal insufficiency manifesting as malignant lymphoma. AB - Primary adrenal insufficiency associated with a hematologic malignant neoplasm is a rare entity. Most malignant neoplasms with metastases to the adrenal gland are secondary to solid carcinomas of the lung and breast. A 55-year-old man was seen with clinical and biochemical evidence of primary adrenal insufficiency as the initial manifestation of his malignant lymphoma. At autopsy the architecture of both adrenal glands was completely effaced by malignant plasmacytoid cells. This case emphasizes that infiltrative lymphoma of the abdomen is a rare cause of primary adrenal insufficiency and may be the initial manifestation. Furthermore, it should be included in the differential diagnosis. PMID- 6615103 TI - A case of ST-segment and T-wave alternans. AB - A 45-year-old man was admitted to the Government General Hospital, Madras, India, for Prinzmetal's angina. His condition was not responding to the combined treatment of isosorbide dinitrate and propranolol hydrochloride he had been taking one week before admission to the hospital. During his stay in the intensive care unit, 23 episodes of ST-segment elevation occurred. Three episodes showed ST-segment and T-wave alternans, a phenomenon, which, to our knowledge, have not been described. The patient was treated with verapamil hydrochloride and phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride, and he responded well. His condition continued to be stable during a two-year follow-up. A review of the literature and a discussion of this ECG phenomenon is presented. PMID- 6615104 TI - A case of being scared to death. AB - A 21-year-old student had generalized tonic-clonic seizures induced by the mental image of human pain. One ictal event occurred while he was listening to a description of suffering, as read from Fox's Book of Martyrs. While again listening to the offending passage during EEG and ECG monitoring, he had 25 s of asystole terminating in electrocerebral silence and a generalized tonic, tonic clonic seizure. A 24-hour ambulatory monitor recorded episodes of progressive sinus bradycardia concomitant with PR-interval prolongation and Wenckebach atrioventricular block. Sinoatrial conduction times and sinus node recovery times were normal on atrial pacing. Since implantation of a permanent pacemaker, he has been asymptomatic. This patient demonstrates the advantages of reproducing the circumstances associated with an unexplained loss of consciousness while monitoring the EEG and ECG. PMID- 6615105 TI - Lymphocytic hypophysitis. Associated with antiparietal cell antibodies and vitamin B12 deficiency. AB - Lymphocytic hypophysitis has been recognized as a distinct clinicopathologic entity. It is a cause of hypopituitarism in the postpartum period and is believed to have an autoimmune pathogenesis. We treated a patient with lymphocytic hypophysitis with two unique features. First, this patient had had a prolactin level of 101 ng/mL (normal, 0 to 25 ng/mL). To our knowledge, this degree of elevation has not been previously reported and is a level that might cause confusion with prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas. Second, this patient had positive titers for antiparietal cell antibodies in conjunction with a low vitamin B12 level and anemia. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a clinically important autoantibody to extrapituitary tissue in a living patient with lymphocytic hypophysitis. PMID- 6615106 TI - Right-sided endocarditis complicating peritoneovenous shunting for ascites. AB - We describe two patients with alcoholic cirrhosis in whom staphylococcal right sided endocarditis developed after insertion of a peritoneovenous shunt (PVS). Massive pulmonary embolism caused early death in one patient. In the other patient, staphylococcal septicemia was cured after shunt removal and antibiotic treatment; recurrent endocarditis due to Corynebacterium xerosis ultimately caused the patient's death. No clinical manifestation of tricuspid valve dysfunction was noted in either patient, and right-sided endocarditis was recognized only at autopsy. The protracted contact of the tip of the venous line of PVS with the atrial wall is likely to be a major factor in the development of right-sided endocarditis in these patients. PMID- 6615107 TI - Prolongation of the prodrome to acute hepatitis B infection by corticosteroids. AB - A 56-year-old woman had rash, arthralgia, and lymphadenopathy. Prednisone therapy caused the symptoms to abate but not disappear. Medication was continued for almost eight weeks, during which time the symptoms persisted. While the patient was receiving therapy, serologic evidence of hepatitis B infection was noted. When prednisone therapy was stopped, the patient rapidly passed from the prodrome to typical, acute, icteric hepatitis. Prednisone may have suppressed normal immunologic responses to the hepatitis virus, resulting in persistence of the serum sickness-like state. Corticosteroids are not indicated in the treatment of the prodrome to hepatitis B infection. PMID- 6615108 TI - Massive pericardial effusion produced by extracardiac malignant neoplasms. AB - Twelve patients with extracardiac malignant neoplasms and signs of severe systemic venous hypertension were admitted during the last three years to our service. It was the initial manifestation of malignant disease in six patients. Echocardiograms revealed large pericardial effusion in the 12 patients and six patients met the clinical criteria of cardiac tamponade. Pericardiocentesis was a safe procedure to give temporary relief to their problem. Cytologic examination of the pericardial fluid disclosed malignant neoplasms in 11 cases (91.6%), enabling us to make histological diagnosis in five. The most frequent site of origin was the lung (eight cases), adenocarcinoma being the predominant histologic feature. We conclude that metastatic pericardial disease must be considered as a frequent cause when a patient is initially seen with a massive pericardial effusion and/or cardiac tamponade that worsens with prognosis. PMID- 6615109 TI - Liver disease in mixed connective tissue disease. AB - Previous descriptions of mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) have not included evidence of hepatic involvement. A patient who had MCTD also had severe chronic active hepatitis. Retrospective review of all of our cases of MCTD confirms that liver disease is an uncommon occurrence in MCTD. PMID- 6615110 TI - Asystole following treadmill exercise in a man without organic heart disease. AB - A 52-year-old man without evidence of organic heart disease by clinical and extensive noninvasive examination experienced an 11-s episode of asystole ten minutes after completing a maximal treadmill test. Four years previously, symptomatic sinus bradycardia and hypotension had also followed cessation of treadmill exercise. This case illustrates that vagally mediated complications of treadmill exercise occurring in persons without apparent heart disease may be potentially life-threatening and can be elicited on repeated testing. PMID- 6615111 TI - Polycystic kidney disease and polycythemia vera. Occurrence in a patient receiving hemodialysis. AB - Symptomatic erythrocytosis developed in a 59-year-old man with polycystic kidney disease (PKD) while he was receiving maintenance hemodialysis. Major clinical and laboratory data suggested a diagnosis of polycythemia vera (PV), despite a normal serum alkaline phosphatase level and leukocyte count. Secondary erythrocytosis, related to chronic hypoxemia and increased erythropoietin production, was excluded by appropriate laboratory studies. Despite previous documentation of secondary erythrocytosis in patients receiving hemodialysis, to my knowledge, PV has not been described in this population. PMID- 6615112 TI - Acute hepatitis in elderly patients. PMID- 6615113 TI - Erythromycin-warfarin interaction. PMID- 6615114 TI - Outpatient fiberoptic bronchoscopies. PMID- 6615115 TI - Thyroid indexes. PMID- 6615116 TI - Effects of cortical ablations on the turning response evoked by stimulation of the pulvinar-lateralis posterior nucleus complex in the cat. AB - The role played by the cerebral cortex on turning responses elicited by electrical stimulation of P-LP was studied in 9 chronic cats. In three animals the sensorimotor cortex was bilaterally ablated and the threshold values for inducing a turning response were determined. None of the cats showed abnormal threshold values. In six cats the cerebral cortical area known to have reciprocal anatomical connections with P-LP was unilaterally removed. Seven days after surgery, 50% of the electrodes gave no responses; 25% evoked responses with high thresholds and 25% with normal thresholds. One month after surgery the percentages were: 14, 18 and 68 respectively. Histological findings show important fiber and neuronal degeneration in P-LP. It is postulated that this area of the cerebral cortex plays, a facilitatory role on the P-LP ability to induce turning response and that the recovery of this ability can be explained by the development of P-LP denervation supersensitivity. PMID- 6615117 TI - Localization of neurons innervating masticatory muscle spindle and periodontal receptors in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus and their reflex actions. AB - The mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus was studied in anaesthetized and curarized rabbits by recording the unitary activity through extracellular microelectrodes and identifying the constituent cell types. Two types of units were found, namely primary afferents supplying jaw raising muscle spindles and periodontal or gingival mechanoreceptors. These two groups of neurons exhibited a rostrocaudal somatotopy: the former occupied the entire rostral portion of the nucleus (A7 P2.3; trochlear decussation being taken as an arbitrary 0 level), the latter was located caudally (P3-P4.5) while the somata of both types of afferent fibres were present between P2.2 and P3. No evidence was found for representation of both tendon organs of jaw muscles and joint receptors. Among the units innervating muscle spindles, secondary afferents were largely more numerous than the primary ones. Among periodontal and gingival mechanoreceptor afferents, incisors were the most widely represented, followed by interalveolar gingiva and molars; the axonal conduction velocity ranged between 9 and 40 m/sec and between 8 and 16 m/sec for ipsilaterally and contralaterally projecting neurons, respectively. The motor responses obtained by electrical stimulation of discrete areas of the MTN confirmed the presence of a high degree of segregation between the two different populations of neurons. In fact, jaw raising movements are obtained when stimulating the area within A7 and P2 containing the somata of spindle afferent neurons, while only jaw opening movements are elicited by stimulation of the caudal levels of the nucleus. These data also show that the periodontal neurons whose somata are located in the MTN participate in the jaw opening reflex, just as the more numerous periodontal mechanoreceptors whose somata are located in the Gasser ganglion. Soma-somatic and soma-axon hillock gap junctions were found among the neurons of the MTN, particularly in the caudal third of the nucleus. PMID- 6615118 TI - An HRP study in the cat of pathways which may interconnect the two ventrobasal complexes. AB - Possible direct or indirect connections between the two VB thalamic complexes were investigated using the HRP technique. Labelled cells were found ipsilaterally in the NCP and in NRT following injections n the VB complex and in the ipsilateral NRT and in contralateral NCP following injections in NCP. No labelling of contralateral VB complex was ever found. A pathway involving NRT and NCP is suggested to support the possibility of indirect connections between the two thalami and the functional implications of the described projections are discussed. PMID- 6615119 TI - Modulation of the masseteric reflex by gastric vagal afferents. AB - Several investigations have shown that the vagal nerve can affect the reflex responses of the masticatory muscles acting at level either of trigeminal motoneurons or of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (MTN). The present experiments have been devoted to establish the origin of the vagal afferent fibres involved in modulating the masseteric reflex. In particular, the gastric vagal afferents were taken into consideration and selective stimulations of such fibres were performed in rabbit. Conditioning electrical stimulation of truncus vagalis ventralis (TVV) reduced the excitability of the MTN cells as shown by a decrease of the antidromic response recorded from the semilunar ganglion and elicited by MTN single-shock electrical stimulation. Sympathetic and cardiovascular influences were not involved in these responses. Mechanical stimulation of gastric receptors, by means of gastric distension, clearly diminished the amplitude of twitch tension of masseteric reflex and inhibited the discharge frequency of proprioceptive MTN units. The effect was phasic and depended upon the velocity of distension. Thus the sensory volleys originating from rapid adapting receptors reach the brain stem through vagal afferents and by means of a polysynaptic connection inhibits the masseteric reflex at level of MTN cells. PMID- 6615120 TI - [Death in the chimney. Attempt at an explanation]. PMID- 6615121 TI - [Phenomenology of suicide by multiple gunshot wounds]. PMID- 6615122 TI - [Automatic over-all and detail photography of autopsies]. AB - Due to lack of time or skill of the staff involved important autopsy findings are often not photographically documented. In order to overcome this deficiency an automatic photographic device was constructed consisting of one horizontally movable camera on the ceiling with a normal range objective (MICRO-NIKKOR 55 mm/f 2,8) and one fixed camera with a teleobjective (NIKKOR 200 mm/f 4). Each camera is coupled with a winder and two powerful electronic flash lights. The shot is electrically triggered by a remote control push button. No focussing, no finding of picture sector and no diaphragm setting are necessary. A detailed description of the set up, the type of equipment used (including prices) and the settings applied are given. PMID- 6615123 TI - [Perforation of the large intestine caused by compressed air. Experimental studies reconstructing compressed air insufflation]. AB - A foreign worker died after a compressed air injury. The insufflation of high pressure air into the anus caused multiple ruptures in the part anterior of the dilated sigmoid and colon descending. For the reconstruction of the case it was necessary to know the minimum distance between the nozzle and the gluteal region. Experimental work has shown that clothing does offer protection against the high pressure air and colon perforations can only be expected if there is a small distance between the jet of the compressed air and the anal region. PMID- 6615124 TI - Activation and germination characteristics observed in endospores of thermophilic strains of Bacillus. AB - The properties of endospores of some thermophilic strains of Bacillus were examined. Included were strains isolated from thermal pools and springs in Yellowstone National Park, a strain of B. thermodenitrificans and two strains of B. stearothermophilus, ATCC 7953 (smooth) and T-10. The spores of thermophilic strains of Bacillus contained relatively high levels of dipicolinic acid ranging from 11-14.8% of the spore dry weight, while the calcium levels were similar to those observed in other bacterial endospores including mesophilic bacilli and thermophilic actinomycetes. Spore populations of thermophilic bacilli could not be effectively germinated in solutions of sodium phosphate alone but germinated well in solutions supplemented with one of a variety of organic compounds. Solutions containing L-valine or L-leucine were particularly effective. A wide range of pH permitted the germination of fractions of spore populations, however, optimum germination was observed only at pH values of 6.0 and above. A range in incubation temperatures of less than 25 degrees C permitted 50% or more of the spores of each of the organisms to germinate. Freshly prepared spore did not germinate, but these spores germinated rapidly and completely if they were heated for 30 min at 100 degrees C just prior to germination testing, i.e., the spores were heat activatable. However, spores of thermophilic bacilli could also be activated by shifting them to and holding them at temperatures below their optimum growth temperature of 65 degrees C. Of the ten temperatures tested, ranging from 4 degrees C through 50 degrees C, the optimum reduced temperature for spore activation was 30 degrees C. PMID- 6615125 TI - The effect of glucose on the differential rates of extracellular protein and alpha-toxin formation by Staphylococcus aureus (Wood 46). AB - The differential rates of formation of total extracellular protein and alpha toxin by Staphylococcus aureus (Wood 46) were determined during aerobic growth, at 37 degrees C, in a complex medium containing 0.0, 0.25 or 1.0% (wt/vol) glucose. Different inocula were employed from 1% (vol/vol) of an overnight culture to 100% where bacterial cells were washed and resuspended in fresh medium without change in density. It was shown that under all conditions examined the differential rates of total extracellular protein formation exhibited a biphasic pattern characteristic of regulation based on 'competition'. This biphasic pattern was maintained even in the presence of a large inoculum and a high glucose concentration, conditions considered to favour the onset of catabolite repression. However, a lowering of the initial rate was observed with increasing glucose suggesting the superimposition of catabolite repression as a modulating effect under extreme conditions. In the case of the specific extracellular protein component, alpha-toxin, its differential rate of formation paralleled total exoprotein in all except the condition most favourable for catabolite accumulation when a deviation consistent with a pronounced catabolite repression of this component was demonstrated which was not pH-dependent. PMID- 6615126 TI - Lipopolysaccharides of two strains of the phototrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. AB - The lipopolysaccharides of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata strains St. Louis (ATCC 23782) and Sp 11 both contain L-acofriose, rhamnose, glucose and glucosamine as the main sugar constituents. 2-Keto-3-deoxyoctonate and neuraminic acid were tentatively identified. The fatty acid spectrum found with both strains comprises 3-OH-C10 and C12:1 (ester-linked) and 3-oxo-C14 (amide-linked). Isolated lipid A from strain Sp 11 contains glucosamine, glucosamine-phosphate and the total of the fatty acids of the lipopolysaccharide. Methylation analysis of the degraded polysaccharide of this lipopolysaccharide shows L-acofriose in both terminal and 1 leads to 2 chain-linked positions in a 1:4 molar ratio. Rhamnose is exclusively chain-linked (1 leads to 2), glucose is both terminally and chain-linked (1 leads to 6) in a 1:1 molar ratio. The serological activity of the lipopolysaccharide of both the R. capsulata strains is low in antisera against living or heat-killed cells when tested by passive hemagglutination, Ouchterlony immunoprecipitation or gel-immunoelectrophoresis. No crossreaction was observed among the lipopolysaccharides of R. capsulata strains St. Louis, Sp 11 and 37b4 in immunoprecipitation. Lipopolysaccharide of strain Sp 11 was found to lack lethal toxicity in galactosamine-sensitized mice. PMID- 6615127 TI - O-Acetylserine sulfhydrylase and S-sulfocysteine synthase activities of Rhodospirillum tenue. AB - O-Acetylserine sulfhydrylase in cell-free extracts of Rhodospirillum tenue was markedly repressed after growth in the presence of sulfide or thiosulfate, whereas S-sulfocysteine synthase activity remained almost unchanged. Purification on DE52 cellulose resulted in the separation of two proteins: Protein I with a molecular weight of 57000 had O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase activity only, while protein II with a molecular weight of 46000 had S-sulfocysteine synthase activity in addition. The activity of protein II with O-acetylserine plus sulfide was about 1.5 of that with O-acetylserine plus thiosulfate. Protein I from sulfate grown cells possessed 74% of the total O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase, protein II 26%. Growth with sulfide repressed only the synthesis of protein I, which after separation showed only 19% of the measurable O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase, whereas protein II now possessed 81%. Regulatory and kinetic phenomena of the two activities were studied. In addition to the phototrophic bacteria studied earlier, also Rhodomicrobium vannielii, Rhodopseudomonas acidophila, Rhodocyclus purpureus and Thiocystis violacea were found to contain O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase activities; the latter two species contained S-sulfocysteine synthase activities in addition. PMID- 6615128 TI - Activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase from three filamentous fungi in relation to osmotic and solute effects. AB - Crude extracts of NADP+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.42) were prepared from three filamentous fungi with different tolerances to water stress. There was no difference in the activity of this enzyme extracted from Phytophthora cinnamomi which had been grown on media of osmotic potential of 0 to -2MPa. Glycerol, proline and glucose caused little or no inhibition of the activity of the enzyme from P. cinnamomi, Penicillium chrysogenum and Chrysosporium fastidium over the range 0 to -10MPa. Potassium chloride and sucrose were both inhibitory, proportional to the concentration present in the assay buffer and hence inversely proportional to the osmotic potential. Both proline and glycerol were able to relieve the inhibition of the enzyme from P. cinnamomi due to KCl and sucrose, but glycerol did not have this effect on inhibition due to KCl of the other two enzymes. Glycerol was required for maximal activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase from P. chrysogenum and C. fastidium even in the absence of other solutes. The results are discussed in relation to the growth characteristics of the three species. PMID- 6615129 TI - Methyltransferases involved in methanol conversion by Methanosarcina barkeri. AB - 2-(Methylthio)ethanesulfonate (CH3S-CoM) is formed as an intermediate in methanogenesis from methanol by cell-free extracts of Methanosarcina barkeri. The enzyme system involved in the methyl transfer from methanol to 2 mercaptoethanesulfonate (HS-CoM) was resolved into two enzyme fractions. One enzyme (methanol:5-hydroxy-benzimidazolylcobamide methyltransferase) appears to be a cobalamin-containing protein, which is oxygen sensitive. The other enzyme (Co-methyl-5-hydroxybenzimidazolylcobamide: HS-CoM methyltransferase) was purified. It is insensitive to oxygen and it transfers also the methylgroup from Co-methyl-5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolylcobamide to HS-CoM. PMID- 6615130 TI - Threo-beta-hydroxyornithine: a natural constituent of the peptidoglycan of Corynebacterium species Co 112. AB - Peptidoglycan of Corynebacterium species Co 112 (DSM 20606) exhibits an unknown amino acid. The amino acid was isolated from cell wall hydrolysates and identified as threo-beta-hydroxyornithine. This amino acid is found in the interpeptide bridge of the peptidoglycan of Corynebacterium sp. Co 112. The primary structure of this peptidoglycan is rather similar to that of Microbacterium liquefaciens. The only difference is the replacement of ornithine by threo-beta-hydroxyornithine. The mode of linkage of threo-beta hydroxyornithine indicates that it is present as D-isomer. PMID- 6615131 TI - Changes in enzyme stability and fatty acid composition of Streptomyces sp., a facultative thermophilic actinomycete. AB - The thermostability of several enzymes from the facultative thermophilic actinomycete Streptomyces sp., derived from cells grown in the temperature range from 37 degrees C to 60 degrees C, has been examined. A correlation between the growth temperature of the cultures and the heat stability of the enzymes could be demonstrated for alanine dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, myokinase and pyruvate kinase. Except for the isocitrate dehydrogenase, which showed a linear increase of its stability throughout the entire temperature range, all enzymes exhibited a steep increase of the heat stability up to about 50 degrees C, but no further increase in the higher growth range, suggesting, that from 50 degrees C upward a shift to the exclusive production of thermostable protein occurs. Furthermore, the stability of alanine dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase was found to increase substantially in presence of their substrates. In contrast, substrate mediated stabilization was very weak with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and totally absent with acetate kinase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and myokinase. A comparison with previous observations with the same enzymes from Bacillus flavothermus showed, that enzymes from different organisms can have different thermal properties. Determination of the fatty acid composition of Streptomyces sp. cells, grown at different temperatures, showed relatively small alterations, with the main changes occurring between 37 degrees C and 40 degrees C. PMID- 6615132 TI - [Mycoplasma mastitis of cattle. 10. Test of Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium and Acholeplasma laidlawii for udder pathogenicity]. PMID- 6615133 TI - [Mycoplasma mastitis of cattle. 11. Histological udder findings after experimental infection with Mycoplasma bovigenitalium and Acholeplasma laidlawii]. PMID- 6615134 TI - Infection of cows by Mycoplasma bovis. PMID- 6615135 TI - Evaluation of serological tests for the detection of bovine Mycoplasma. PMID- 6615136 TI - [Experience with the isolation and predifferentiation of Mycoplasma from milk samples under routine laboratory conditions as well as the significance of Mycoplasma species for cattle herds in the Potsdam District and their control]. PMID- 6615137 TI - [Demonstration of Mycoplasma bovigenitalium in mastitis of cattle]. PMID- 6615138 TI - Demonstration and role of mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas in bull semen and the control of Mycoplasma infections in bulls. PMID- 6615139 TI - Isolation of mycoplasmas from bull semen and serological examination of aborted cows sera for presence of Mycoplasma antibodies. PMID- 6615140 TI - [Mycoplasma infection of calves. 1. Detection of Mycoplasma in pneumonias and arthritis in calves]. PMID- 6615141 TI - [Mycoplasma infection of calves. 2. Experimental infection of calves with Mycoplasma bovis]. PMID- 6615142 TI - Reproductive failure of sows in association with Ureaplasma infection. PMID- 6615143 TI - [Isolation and characterization of Acholeplasma and Mycoplasma mutants]. PMID- 6615144 TI - [Antiseptic effect on Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma]. PMID- 6615145 TI - [Sensitivity of Mycoplasma bovis to disinfection agents applied to the udder area]. PMID- 6615146 TI - [Mycoplasma infection of calves. 3. The histological picture of Mycoplasma bovis induced pneumonia]. PMID- 6615147 TI - The privilege study. AB - We evaluated the impact of the Texas limited privilege statute, enacted in 1979, through a questionnaire study of 121 lay persons, 79 patients receiving psychiatric outpatient treatment, and 84 psychiatrists. An almost equal percentage of lay persons and patients knew or guessed correctly that the statute existed (26% v 27%), but only 45% of the psychiatrists knew or guessed correctly that it had been enacted. Lay persons indicated that they might disclose more to a psychiatrist or psychologist if they had statutory protection, but only a few of the patients said they would have sought treatment earlier or would have disclosed more had they known of a privilege statute. Patients reported that they relied more heavily on their psychiatrists' ethics than on the statute to protect their privacy. PMID- 6615148 TI - Recommendations for depression publications. PMID- 6615149 TI - Coping and depression. PMID- 6615150 TI - Ratio of plasma tryptophan to five other amino acids in depressed subjects: a follow-up. PMID- 6615151 TI - Weight loss and the dexamethasone suppression test. PMID- 6615152 TI - Self-report depression scales. PMID- 6615153 TI - Postpsychotic depression. PMID- 6615154 TI - No accident. PMID- 6615155 TI - Psychopathology and creative cognition. A comparison of hospitalized patients, Nobel laureates, and controls. AB - To assess a tendency to rapid opposite responding associated with the type of creative cognition called janusian thinking, timed word association tests were administered to 12 creative scientists who were Nobel laureates, 18 hospitalized patients, and 113 college students divided as controls into high and low creative groups. Nobel laureates gave the highest proportion of opposite responses at the fastest rate of all groups, whereas patients gave the lowest proportion of opposite responses at the slowest rate. Both Nobel laureates and high creative students gave opposite responses at a significantly faster rate than they gave common, popular (nonopposite) responses, and their average speed of opposite response was fast enough to indicate that conceptualizing opposites could have been simultaneous. The results support the connection between janusian thinking and creativity and indicate a distinction between creative and psychopathologic cognitive modes. PMID- 6615156 TI - An adoption study of depressive disorders and substance abuse. AB - Registered psychiatric illness was studied in the biologic and adoptive parents of 115 adoptees with affective disorders or histories of substance abuse. The parents of these patients were compared with those of 115 control subjects who were pairwise matched for demographic and social variables and who had no psychiatric illness. Psychiatric patients had a fivefold excess of adoptive fathers who had psychiatric illness compared with fathers of their matched controls. This was due to an excess of affective disorders in adoptive fathers regardless of the sex or diagnosis of the adopted child. Biologic mothers of female patients had a threefold increase in psychiatric illness compared with mothers of their matched controls and a fourfold increase compared with mothers of male adoptees. However there was no significant concordance between specific diagnoses in biologic parents and their adopted-away children. Subdivision of depressive patients according to psychotic-nonpsychotic and reactive-nonreactive dichotomies did not yield subgroups with distinct family histories. PMID- 6615157 TI - Schizophrenia subdivided by the family history of affective disorder. A comparison of symptomatology and course of illness. AB - Schizophrenics meeting DSM-III criteria were divided, based on family history of affective disorder in first-degree relatives, into three groups: N schizophrenics, no relative with affective disorder; U-schizophrenics, a relative with unipolar affective disorder; and B-schizophrenics, a relative with bipolar affective disorder. Although N- and U-schizophrenics displayed similar symptoms during the prodromal, actively psychotic, and remitted stages of their illness, U schizophrenics were significantly more likely to have a depressive syndrome develop during the follow-up period. Compared with N-schizophrenics, B schizophrenics were more depressed during the prodrome, were more elated and catatonic when actively psychotic, had fewer residual symptoms when remitted, and were much more likely to have a manic syndrome develop during the follow-up period. Even when DSM-III criteria are met, hesitation is indicated in diagnosing schizophrenia in patients with a first-degree relative with bipolar illness. PMID- 6615158 TI - Parental 'affectionless control' as an antecedent to adult depression. A risk factor delineated. AB - The view that depressives perceive themselves as having been exposed to an insufficiency of parental care and to parental overprotection was confirmed in a case-control study of 125 neurotic depressives, using a subjective measure of perceived parental characteristics, the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI). An interaction effect was noted, with the depressives scoring the same-sexed parent more deviantly. A discriminant analysis established that low parental care scale scores were the best discriminators, with raw care scores of less than 10 being highly sensitive in discriminating depressives from controls. Sixty-seven percent of the patients and 37% of the controls scored one or both parents to the "affectionless control" (low care--high protection) PBI quadrant, representing a relative risk of 3.4. It is concluded that the PBI delineates and quantifies a risk factor to certain grades of depressive experience. PMID- 6615159 TI - The association between early parental loss and diagnosis in the Iowa 500. AB - While a number of studies have found an association between the experience of death of a parent during childhood and the later development of depression as an adult, few of these studies have controlled for possible confounders such as social class, sibship size, parental age at birth, and the patient's age at admission. The results of several studies that do control for such confounders have been negative. The authors investigated the frequency of parental loss and parental death among 129 depressives, 155 schizophrenics, and 63 manics from the Iowa 500 data base. Using a logistic regression to control for confounders, depressives are found to experience early maternal death 3.4 times more frequently than the schizophrenics and 2.1 times more frequently than the bipolars. The failure to confirm other hypotheses and possible implications are discussed. PMID- 6615160 TI - Family history of suicide. AB - Among 243 patients with a family history of suicide, almost half (118 [48.6%]) had attempted suicide, more than half (137 [56.4%]) had a depressive disorder, and more than a third (84 [34.6%]) had recurrent affective disorder. These 243 patients with a family history of suicide were compared with 5,602 patients with no family history of suicide. A family history of suicide was found to significantly increase the risk for an attempt at suicide in patients with a wide variety of diagnoses: schizophrenia, unipolar and bipolar affective disorders, depressive neurosis, and personality disorders. PMID- 6615161 TI - Crime and punishment--the suicide pact. AB - Interviews with four suicide pact survivors, date from two cases in the literature, and review of 54 clinical vignettes of murder-suicide revealed the following of suicide pacts with survivors. First, the instigator is the deceased partner and is more likely to be the male member of the pair, to be psychiatrically ill with a depression, and to have a history of previous suicidal behavior. Second, the survivor is more likely the woman and cooperator, is not likely to be psychiatrically ill, and has shown no previous suicidal behavior. There are striking similarities between noncriminal murderers, perpetrators of murder-suicide, and instigators of suicide pacts: depression is the most common psychiatric illness in all three groups. The clinician must assay the "murder risk" as well as the "suicide risk" in depressed patients. PMID- 6615163 TI - 2nd Bucher Symposium "Human Tumor Viruses" Berlin-Buch, October 30-November 3, 1982. PMID- 6615162 TI - Personality and depression. Empirical findings. AB - The Clinical Studies of the National Institute of Mental Health--Clinical Research Branch Collaborative Program on the Psychobiology of Depression offer an opportunity to clarify the relationship between personality and depression. Thirty-one female patients with primary nonbipolar major depressive disorder were assessed diagnostically using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia and completed a battery of standard self-report personality inventories when they were completely symptom free. Their personality scale scores were compared with those of female relatives who had recovered from the same type of disorder, those of female relatives with no history of psychiatric illness, and published scale norms. Compared with the normal population, both groups of recovered depressives were introverted, submissive, and passive, with increased interpersonal dependency but normal emotional strength. Comparison to never-ill relatives yielded similar results except that the never-ill relatives had scores reflecting extraordinary emotional strength. PMID- 6615165 TI - Blast transformation of lymphocytes induced by spermatozoa obtained from spermatocoele. AB - Human lymphocytes cultured for 6 days in the presence of autologous and allogeneic spermatozoa obtained from spermatocoele undergo blast transformation. The proliferation level in autologous combination is markedly higher than that in allogeneic one. PMID- 6615164 TI - Adenoviruses and human tumors: regulation of eukaryotic chromatin structure? AB - Adenoviruses possess four early gene clusters. E1A, and E1B sequences are directly involved in the initiation of transformation of both rodent, and human cells. Oncogenic potential of the in vitro immortalized rodent cells is also dependent on the expression of E1A, and E1B. Genes E2A, and E2B are coding for DNA-binding proteins. These regions may influence the frequency of in vitro transformation if complete virions were used for the immortalization of rodent cells. The existence of the E3 gene cluster, which has been shown to be non essential to the productive replication in certain host cells, is unique for the adenovirus family. Foreign DNA fragments inserted into E3 or replacing it may modify the host range of adenovirus, and may initiate oncogenic transformation of rodent cells. May cellular oncogenes replace the non-essential region of the adenoviral genome? Are host-range modifications, the formation of defective genomes, and interactions of viral, and cellular DNA in vivo biological properties of adenoviruses? These questions are discussed in the light of recent findings concerning virus-coded functions which may modify chromatin structure, and may be associated with oncogenic potential of adenoviruses in the natural hosts. PMID- 6615166 TI - Genetic analysis of HLA in psoriasis. AB - The results of HLA typing in the sample of 39 families were used for the evaluation of inheritance mode in psoriasis. To discriminate between autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive models of inheritance of "disease" genes Thompson's and Bodmer's method was applied. The distributions of genotypes with HLA-B13 or HLA-B17 did not allow to differentiate between dominant and recessive inheritance pattern. Also the comparison of observed and expected numbers of sib paris sharing two, one or no HLA haplotypes was considered. The attempts to confirm dominant and recessive model in our sample failed. However, the high values of chi-square were due only to the difference among sib pairs with no common HLA haplotypes. PMID- 6615167 TI - Evaluation of circulating immune complexes in pregnant women. AB - The level of blood immune complexes was determined in 100 healthy women with a normal course of pregnancy. The results of our studies indicate that using the test of EA rosette forming inhibition it is possible to detect circulating immune complexes in pregnant women. We have not demonstrated a quantitative interdependence of immune complexes level upon a number of past pregnancies. PMID- 6615168 TI - Effect of PRP on autologous rosette formation in mice. AB - It was demonstrated that PRP changes the number of autologous rosette forming cells (ARFC) among thymocytes and splenocytes in mice. Majority of ARFC was found in cortisone-resistant (CR) thymocytes and among glass adherent cells. Treatment of lymphocytes with PRP in vivo and in vitro causes significant reduction in the ARFC formation. It was revealed that PRP acts on two cell subpopulations belongings to both CS and CR thymocytes. PRP affecting cortisone-resistant glass adherent lymphocytes (CR GAL), accounting for the majority of ARFC within the thymus, causes a significant decrease of ARFC number, whereas, it elevates the number of ARFC in cortisonesensitive nonadherent lymphocytes (CS NAL). This phenomenon was the result of the parallel alteration in cortisone-sensitivity and the cell function by respective thymocyte subpopulations. PMID- 6615169 TI - Arginine esterase activity of the plasma in different types of bronchial asthma. AB - Spontaneous arginine esterase activity and esterolytic activity of plasma after a contact with kaolin, using a synthetic substrate BAEE in asthmatic patients were studied. Also activity of esterase inhibitors, the plasma kininogen level and fibrinolytic activity were determined. It was shown, that during an asthma attack a significant rise in the plasma esterolytic activity occurred. At the same time esterase activity displayed a fall after contact with kaolin as compared with controls. These changes were accompanied by a rise in the fibrinolytic activity of the plasma and a decrease in the kininogen level. The behavior of parameters studies was analyzed in relation to the immunological type of asthma and the clinical state of the patients. PMID- 6615170 TI - The cytotoxic activity of heterologous anti-L-1210 antibodies conjugated with quinones. AB - Biological effects of conjugates of quinone derivatives with antibodies were studied. Two methods of conjugation of aziridine derivatives of quinone with anti L-1210 antibodies were used: the direct substitution of the protein amino groups or thiolation of immunoglobulins and subsequent substitution of the sulfhydryl groups introduced. The reactions were carried out in 10% solutions of DMF at pH 8.3-8.9. The biological activity of conjugates, in vitro, was controlled using L 1210 and HeLa cells by measuring the inhibition of incorporation of labeled thymidine. The growth of L-1210 cells was more strongly inhibited by conjugates prepared with anti-L-1210 antibodies than by conjugates with nonimmune IgG. No difference in biological activity was found between conjugates prepared from anti L-1210 antibodies and normal IgG in tests with HeLa cells. PMID- 6615171 TI - [Synthesis and biochemical properties of substituted phenoxy- and anilino-1,3,5 triazines]. PMID- 6615172 TI - [Central depressant drugs. 2. 3-Substituted 4-hydroxypyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazol 2-ones]. PMID- 6615173 TI - [Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. 10. Antiphlogistic pyrazole derivatives. II]. PMID- 6615174 TI - [Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. 11. Antiphlogistic pyrazole derivatives. III]. PMID- 6615175 TI - Synthesis of 2-substituted thiobenzimidazoles as potential anthelminthics. PMID- 6615176 TI - Educational needs assessment in physical medicine and rehabilitation: the Foundation of Continuing Medical Education. AB - Continuing medical education (CME) needs of practitioners are often poorly defined, leaving CME providers little objective data for planning programs. Likewise, practitioners may not have a clear objective picture of their educational needs before engaging in CME. This paper identifies the responsibilities of both CME providers and practitioners for the identification of CME learners' needs as the first step in planning an efficient educational program. A quality CME program starts with learner needs assessment (LNA), plans and implements accordingly, and finishes with an evaluation linked to the initial LNA. Educational process effectiveness and cost effectiveness are two important results of the use of LNA. Four specific contributions of LNA to planning CME are also discussed: (1) who/what to assess, (2) identification of causes, (3) how to assess and (4) how to decide. This systematic LNA process has the potential to improve the quality of future CME offerings by allowing physiatrists to objectively assess their educational needs and by giving CME providers better data for planning CME. PMID- 6615177 TI - Plastic ankle-foot orthoses: evaluation of function. AB - Plastic ankle-foot orthoses (PAFOs) are worn by persons with hemiplegia to correct gait abnormalities such as foot drop during swing and insufficient pushoff during stance. A PAFO should resist plantarflexion sufficiently to provide toe clearance during the swing phase of gait without excessively increasing the knee bending moment during heelstrike. It should resist dorsiflexion during late stance to raise the heel to simulate gastrocnemiussoleus muscle group function. Five PAFOs were evaluated as to the amount of plantarflexion-dorsiflexion resistance that was provided when worn by hemiplegic and able-bodied subjects. A self-aligning goniometer measured ankle angle as the subject walked, and a gait event marker system recorded occurrences of gait events. The Seattle design polypropylene orthosis which enclosed the malleoli was the least flexible; it provided the greatest plantarflexion resistance to ensure against toe drag during swing for patients with severe plantarflexion spasticity. It offered the greatest dorsiflexion resistance to provide a good substitute for the gastrocnemiussoleus during the latter part of stance as required by patients with flaccid plantarflexors and full ankle range of motion. Progressive trimming of the Seattle design polypropylene orthosis made it more flexible and comparable in function to the commercially available Engen and Teufel orthoses. The latter 2 orthoses did not provide a pushoff substitute as well as the Seattle design orthosis which enclosed the malleoli, but they did provide an adequate amount of toe clearance during swing. The more flexible orthoses would be appropriate for subjects with mild to moderate plantarflexor spasticity. PMID- 6615179 TI - Electromyography reliability in maximal and submaximal isometric contractions. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of average surface electromyography (EMG) within and between days. Nine subjects were tested on three different days. Five maximum and 10 submaximum (five at each of two different levels) isometric contractions were performed each day. The submaximum levels were determined by the 30% and 50% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) on day one and kept constant over days two and three. The myoelectric signal from the triceps was full wave rectified and low-pass filtered at 1 Hz to yield a relatively noise-free average EMG that corresponded in time to the force signal. The scores were normalized to the force level. The reliability was estimated with intraclass correlations coefficients (R). The magnitude of score variation was also expressed as a ratio, coefficient of variation, CV = standard deviation/mean X 100%. R values were significantly greater for the submaximal levels than the 100% MVC; no significant difference existed between the two submaximal levels. The within-day CV values were similar for all three levels, ranging from 8% to 10%. The between-days variability was higher than that within days, ranging from 12% to 16%. The results suggest that submaximal isometric contractions are more reliable. Measurement error is substantial in this technique and should be included in statistical designs. PMID- 6615178 TI - Nerve conduction studies in upper extremities: skin temperature corrections. AB - The relationship of skin to near nerve (NN) temperature and to nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and distal latency (DL) was studied in 34 normal adult subjects before and after cooling both upper extremities. Median and ulnar motor and sensory NCV, DL, and NN temperature were determined at ambient temperature (mean X skin temp = 33 C) and after cooling, at approximately 26, 28, and 30 C of forearm skin temperature. Skin temperatures on the volar side of the forearm, wrist, palm, and fingers and NN temperature at the forearm, midpalm, and thenar or hypothenar eminence were compared with respective NCV and DL. Results showed a significant linear correlation between skin temperature and NN temperature at corresponding sites (r2 range, 0.4-0.84; p less than 0.005). Furthermore, both skin and NN temperatures correlated significantly with respective NCV and DL. Midline wrist skin temperature showed the best correlation to NCV and DL. Median motor and sensory NCV were altered 1.5 and 1.4m/sec/C degree and their DL 0.2 msec/C degree of wrist skin temperature change, respectively. Ulnar motor and sensory NCV were changed 2.1 and 1.6m/sec/C degree respectively, and 0.2 msec/C degree wrist temperature for motor and sensory DL. Average ambient skin temperature at the wrist (33 C) was used as a standard skin temperature in the temperature correction formula: NCV or DL(temp corrected) = CF(Tst degree - Tm degree) + obtained NCV or DL, where Tst = 33 C for wrist, Tm = the measured skin temperature, and CF = correction factor of tested nerve. Use of temperature correction formula for NCV and DL is suggested in patients with changed wrist skin temperature outside 29.6-36.4C temperature range. PMID- 6615180 TI - Dexamethasone suppression test and depression in a rehabilitation setting. AB - A diagnosis of depression is frequently considered in the evaluation of patients after cerebrovascular accident (CVA); however, the usual clinical signs of depression may be either masked in depressed patients or mimicked in nondepressed patients. The dexamethasone suppression test (DST), first used to screen patients with a suspected diagnosis of Cushing's disease, has been shown in the psychiatric population to be abnormal in about 50% of patients with primary or endogenous depression. This study employed the DST to assess its diagnostic value in a population of 20 CVA patients admitted to a rehabilitation hospital. The test was found to have an 83% specificity. Results suggest that the low incidence of primary depression in this setting greatly limits the utility of the DST in such usage. PMID- 6615181 TI - Resting blood flow in the paretic and nonparetic lower legs of hemiplegic persons: relation to local skin temperature. AB - It is commonly observed in patients with established hemiplegia following cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), that the skin temperature (Ts) of the leg and foot is notably cooler on the affected side of the body; the relationship to cutaneous blood flow, however, has not previously been investigated. In the present study, observations of foot and calf blood flow via venous occlusion plethysmography in water were made in six patients with hemiplegia of 5-13 months duration, both at observed Ts and at standard temperature (ST). Similar measurements were obtained on six age-matched control subjects. The patients' mean Ts values for the foot and calf were significantly lower on the affected side, while those for the nonaffected side were not significantly different from control group values. At non-equivalent water temperatures (Tw) blood flows in the patients' affected feet were lower than those on the nonaffected side, but at the ST they were similar. Further, under these conditions, the flows in both feet were lower than in control subjects. Flows in the patients' affected calves were not significantly reduced at non-equivalent TW; at the ST they did not differ significantly from those of the controls. These observations suggest that, in patients who have suffered a stroke, the reduction of TS of the affected limb is associated with reduced limb blood flow, which cannot be attributed to changes in limb tissue composition. Since the reduced limb blood flow on the affected side is more marked in the foot, it is likely to be due to reduction of blood flow in the skin. In addition, the reduction of flow in the foot of the nonaffected leg suggests a more generalized change of skin circulation in these patients. PMID- 6615182 TI - Parkinsonism: improvement by electroconvulsive therapy. AB - Not infrequently, patients with parkinsonism either do not respond to antiparkinsonian medications or cannot tolerate those medications because of side effects. We report a patient who, having responded poorly to every medical regimen for parkinsonism, showed marked improvement in gait and balance after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for treatment of concomitant severe depression. ECT has been found to increase the sensitivity of postsynaptic dopaminergic receptors and noradrenergic receptors and to facilitate, for a considerable period of time, the neurotransmission along dopaminergic and noradrenergic pathways in the brain. Thus, ECT may represent another important therapeutic modality for patients with parkinsonism. PMID- 6615183 TI - de Quervain's stenosing tenosynovitis in a video games player. AB - This report describes a patient who developed signs and symptoms of de Quervain's stenosing tenosynovitis after prolonged playing with video games. An analysis of the biomechanics of video games playing indicates that grasping the joystick controller produces tension on the abductor pollicis longus (APL) and extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) tendons, and that video games playing requires many rapid, repetitive thumb and wrist movements which stress the APL and EPB tendons. It is concluded that prolonged playing with video games should be considered as an etiologic factor in patients with de Quervain's stenosing tenosynovitis. PMID- 6615184 TI - Rehabilitation of memory after craniocerebral trauma: case report. AB - A memory rehabilitation procedure is illustrated by a case study of a man with craniocerebral injury whose memory improved through practice of systematic approaches to remembering. The single-subject description involved tracking measures of several different cognitive abilities and demonstrated significant improvement in the patient's memory independent of changes in other nontreated cognitive abilities. PMID- 6615185 TI - Is there an increase of reproductive rates in schizophrenics? II. An investigation in Nordbaden (SW Germany): methods and description of the patient sample. AB - For an investigation on the question of whether fertility rates of schizophrenics have been increasing in recent times, two cohorts of patients were defined on an epidemiological basis. The patients were first admissions during either 1949-50 (n = 183) or 1965-67 (n = 228). The conditions of case definition as well as their demographic and psychiatric characteristics are described. These data are necessary for the evaluation of reproductive rates observed in the patient sample. Furthermore, the two cohorts of patients may be of general interest, because they comprise patients first admitted to a hospital who were completely ascertained in a certain region and time period. They reflect certain changes in hospitalization practice in Germany. PMID- 6615186 TI - Is there an increase of reproductive rates in schizophrenics? III. An investigation in Nordbaden (SW Germany): results and discussion. AB - Two cohorts of schizophrenic patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital for the first time either during 1949-50 or 1965-67 were compared with matched controls for reproductive rates before and 13 years after onset of psychosis. Patients of both admission periods had reduced marriage rates. After onset of the disease the rate of reproduction was decreased in males of both periods, but not in females. Patients of both periods did not differ from control values with respect to marital fertility. It has repeatedly been reported that fertility of schizophrenics has been increasing in recent times. Comparison of total reproduction, rate of marriage and marital fertility in patients of the two admission periods and matched controls did not yield any evidence for increasing rates. Instead, the results favour the idea that the patients parallel at a lower level the general decline of birth rates observed in Western Germany. PMID- 6615187 TI - [Psychomotor disorders in psychiatric patients as a possible basis for new approaches in differential diagnosis and therapy. I. Results of initial studies in depressed and schizophrenic patients]. AB - Tests that have rarely been used up to now in the psychomotor examination of psychiatric patients have been put together in accordance with our preliminary investigations to form a broader, standardized battery. With this new battery, which consists of the motorische Leistungsserie, a modified version of the Lincoln-Oseretzky motor development scale and the motor subtest of the Luria Nebraska neuropsychological battery, a study has been carried out on 15 schizophrenics not actually treated with drugs, 15 endogenous and 15 non endogenous depressed persons and 15 healthy controls. With the results of such a psychomotor "profile", measured over all items, psychotic patients can be clearly separated from the non-endogenous depressed patients and healthy controls. No significant differences have been found between non-endogenous depressed patients and healthy controls. These results are basically in agreement with many single findings in the literature. Results based on a broader battery for the investigation of psychomotor abilities in psychiatric patients could be of value in difficult differential-diagnostic problems and ought therefore to be studied further. In addition, the movement disturbances in psychotic patients, which have been measured by a broader standardized battery, could be the starting point in the development of specific psychomotor training programmes, which could improve the efficiency of conventional gymnastic and ergotherapeutic treatment methods. In this direction too, further studies would be useful and are indicated. PMID- 6615188 TI - [Scale formation in the AMDP (Society for Methodology and Documentation in Psychiatry) system]. AB - The psychopathological and somatic symptoms documented by the AMDP-system on the admission of 1654 patients to the Psychiatric Clinics of the Universities in Munchen und 659 patients in Berlin were factor analyzed. Eight factors could be extracted which describe the psychopathology on eight syndrome-scales. These factors could be cross-validated by factor analyses on random samples. In correspondence with the factors of the AMP-system the following syndromes were found: paranoid-hallucinatory, depressive, psycho-organic, manic, hostility, autonomic, apathy, obsessive-compulsive. For each of the 70 items which were associated with a factor we computed the percentage occurrence and item-scale intercorrelations, for each of the eight syndrome-scales reliability coefficients, intercorrelations and T-transformations. For further data-reduction second-order-factors were also computed. PMID- 6615189 TI - The potential of aggressiveness in families of schizophrenics in relation to the danger of relapse. AB - The question of the potential aggressiveness in families of schizophrenics in relation to the danger of relapse was investigated (schizophrenics n = 40, ICD and AMDP selection). The aspect of subjective intrapsychic coping with the aggressive potential in families was operationalized by 12 self-ratings divided into 3 categories: extrapunitive attitude, intrapunitive attitude, experience of divergency. Analysis of variance showed that there was no significant relation between the 3 categories and the relapse quote. The claim following "expressed emotion" research which would have indicated different results was not supported by investigating the patients' subjective experience. Within the framework of our results various rehabilitation strategies and potential shelter functions in the families are discussed. PMID- 6615190 TI - Protein pattern of cerebrospinal fluid in various neurological diseases. AB - CSF/serum albumin and immunoglobulin G ratios were determined in 520 patients suffering from various neurological diseases. Blood-brain barrier impairment was detectable in most cases of spinal tumour, meningitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome and in two-thirds of the patients with cerebral infarctions. A local IgG formation in the CNS has to be assumed for some cases of meningitis considering the course of the protein dysequilibrium. Autochthonous IgG production together with a barrier dysfunction was found in patients with encephalitis, meningoradiculitis and neurosyphilis. In cases of multiple sclerosis local IgG formation in the CNS was the predominant finding. PMID- 6615191 TI - External carotid steal and lateral medullary infarction--is there a pathogenetic connection? AB - The case of a patient with occlusion of the external carotid artery is reported; he suffered from vertebrobasilar insufficiency with Wallenberg's syndrome. Arteriography showed stealing of intracranial blood from the vertebral artery via the occipital artery, and thromboendarterectomy was successfully performed. Since no localised processes could be demonstrated could the lateral medullary infarction be due to the haemodynamic changes? In cases of external carotid steal thromboendarterectomy might be the appropriate treatment. PMID- 6615192 TI - Nobody asked me! PMID- 6615193 TI - Exploratory laparotomy for potential abdominal sepsis in patients with multiple organ failure. AB - We studied 29 patients with multiple-organ failure (MOF) who underwent exploratory laparotomy because of suspected intra-abdominal sepsis. The purpose was to identify predictors of continuing abdominal sepsis and to assess outcome of operation in these severely ill patients. The strongest predictor of continuing intra-abdominal sepsis was development of unexplained single-organ failure, which occurred in 17 patients. Physical findings were not a totally reliable indicator of abdominal sepsis since only 15 of 29 patients had acute abdominal findings. The main clue to sepsis in patients without acute abdominal findings was worsening organ failure. Fifteen of 29 patients died of continuing MOF. Only one patient older than 50 years survived. We suggest that earlier operation is indicated in certain patients with organ failure. Particularly aggressive operative therapy seems justified in young patients with unexplained single-organ failure or worsening MOF. PMID- 6615194 TI - Phleborheography of the upper extremity. AB - Phleborheography is a well-established technique for the noninvasive diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremity. For ten years we have used phleborheography in the diagnosis of axillary and subclavian venous thrombosis. We developed modifications in technique and interpretation that are necessary for accurate application of phleborheography to the upper extremity. When compared with venography, the sensitivity and specificity of this technique approached 90%. Therefore, phleborheography appears to be a useful screening examination for deep venous thrombosis of the upper extremity. PMID- 6615195 TI - Acute cholecystitis occurring as a complication of other diseases. AB - Acute cholecystitis developed in 17 patients recovering from surgery for nonbiliary disease and in 11 patients receiving treatment for a medical, ie, nonsurgical condition. Certain features of gallbladder disease in these two groups were different from those found in the general population. There was a reversal of the usual sex ratio; men outnumbered women in both groups. In the surgical group, the proportion of acalculous cases (62%) was much higher than in the general population. Prolonged fasting, blood transfusion, mechanical ventilation, and vascular disease seemed to predispose patients to the development of acute cholecystitis. Ultrasonography was the most useful single diagnostic test. Although most patients were treated by early surgery, a small group who had not undergone previous abdominal surgery were treated successfully without operation. PMID- 6615196 TI - Skin-fold thickness, body mass, and obesity indexes and the arterial to skin surface PO2 gradient. AB - Trends in transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPO2) correlate closely with Pao2 in the absence of circulatory insufficiency. Individual variation, however, in the arterial to skin-surface Po2 gradient (Pao2-tcPo2 gradient) have limited the usefulness of tcPo2 measurements as precise indicators of Pao2. This individual variability in the Pao2-tcPo2 gradient has been speculated as being caused by "skin factors." This study was performed to examine the relationship between skin fold thickness (triceps and infraclavicular), body mass index, body surface area, and ponderal index and the Pao2-tcPo2 gradient with a view to delineating correction factors that might be useful in increasing the accuracy of tcPo2 as an estimate of the absolute value of the corresponding Pao2. Skin-fold thickness measurements, body mass index, body surface area, and ponderal index were unrelated to the Po2 gradient. This was thought to be primarily due to an inherent inaccuracy of these measurements as indicators of stratum corneum thickness and dermal capillary depth, the major involved variables. PMID- 6615197 TI - Carcinoma of the bifurcation of the hepatic ducts. AB - Thirty-one patients with carcinoma of the bifurcation of the hepatic ducts were treated during a period of ten years. Sixteen of the 31 patients underwent resection. Left, right, and extended right lobectomy with the resection of the bilateral hepatic ducts, common hepatic and bile ducts were performed on 11, 1, and 3 patients, respectively. In a cirrhotic patient, resection of the left medial segment and bile ducts was carried out. The biliary tract was reconstructed using hepaticojejunostomy or hepatojejunostomy. Four of the 16 patients are still alive for six months, 1 1/2 years, one year and 11 months, and two years and ten months, respectively. The remaining 12 patients died of recurrence at periods ranging from six months to three years and eight months. The treatment is now focused on increasing long-term survival. PMID- 6615198 TI - Effect of lumbar sympathectomy in distal arterial obstruction. AB - We developed a model that simulates distal arterial occlusive disease to determine the effects of sympathectomy on certain hemodynamic changes. Two groups of seven dogs each received unilateral distal popliteal artery ligation. Intra arterial BPs, angiography, pulse volume recordings (PVRs), and photoplethysmograms were taken of the distal hind limb throughout the experiment. After ligation, PVR and distal hind limb pressures were lowered to less than half of the preligation values. Four days after unilateral distal popliteal artery ligation, group 2 dogs received lumbar sympathectomy on the same side as the ligation. One week after sympathectomy, the PVR amplitudes and pressures showed a transient significant rise. Two weeks after sympathectomy, the PVR pressures and amplitudes returned to the previous, diminished postligation values. PMID- 6615199 TI - Ultrasonic imaging and oculoplethysmography in diagnosis of carotid occlusive disease. AB - Pulsed Doppler ultrasonic imaging (UI) of the cervical carotid artery provides flow-dependent anatomic detail of the carotid bifurcation, while oculoplethysmography (Kartchner) (OPG-K) and ocular pneumoplethysmography (Gee) (OPG-G) reflect changes in flow and pressure resulting from hemodynamically significant lesions. We examined 66 patients prospectively with UI, OPG-K, and OPG-G to compare the relative accuracy of these techniques with contrast arteriography. Both UI and OPG-G were significantly more accurate than OPG-K. While the accuracies of UI and OPG-G were not significantly different, their combined use resulted in a significant increase in sensitivity compared with that of Doppler imaging alone. In addition, UI correctly identified 22 (85%) of 26 occlusions of the internal carotid artery. The use of UI and OPG-G together provided accurate anatomic and hemodynamic information useful in the evaluation of carotid occlusive disease. PMID- 6615200 TI - Criteria for interpretation of ocular pneumoplethysmography (Gee). AB - Ocular pneumoplethysmography (OPG) (Gee) is one of the most widely used tests for evaluation of carotid artery disease. Its usefulness depends on its diagnostic accuracy, which depends on the criteria used for interpretation of OPG tracings. Application of different criteria as suggested in the literature by Gee et al, McDonald et al, Baker et al, Eikelboom, and O'Hara et al on 200 OPG tests compared with angiography resulted in variations of sensitivity from 70% to 95%, specificity from 70% to 94%, and overall accuracy from 75% to 90%. In validating OPG, one has to be aware of these substantial differences. We found the criteria of McDonald et al the most suitable for clinical use. PMID- 6615201 TI - Is siphon disease important in predicting outcome of carotid endarterectomy? AB - The prevalence of atherosclerosis at the carotid bifurcation and in the siphon was reviewed in 141 patients who underwent 149 endarterectomies. The relationship between the presence and severity of siphon lesions and focal neurologic symptoms, both before and after operation, was also examined. Siphon disease was found in 84% of the 282 sides. Most lesions (42%) were in the 20% to 49% diameter reduction category. Only 9% were stenoses greater than 50%, and 10% were occlusions. The majority (65%) were smooth. No relationship was found between the severity of disease at the carotid bifurcation and in the siphon. No pattern of siphon disease could be related to the occurrence of symptoms. Furthermore, no relation was found between the severity of siphon disease and recurrent symptoms after endarterectomy. PMID- 6615202 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of intrabiliary rupture of hydatid cyst of the liver. AB - Thirty-nine patients with jaundice from intrabiliary rupture of hydatid cysts were treated. Nine patients underwent hepatic lobectomy; 23, total cystectomy; and seven, partial cystectomy with internal drainage by a Roux-en-Y pericystojejunostomy. Cholecystectomy was performed on 28 patients for cholelithiasis or cholecystitis. All 39 patients had choledochotomy, which was supplemented in four patients by choledochoduodenostomy because of underlying ampullar carcinoma in two patients and a high risk of potential recurrent choledocholithiasis in the other two. No biliary fistulas or recurrence of disease was elicited during the one- to 14-year follow-up period. Overall mortality was 2.56%; morbidity, 5.8%; mean (+/- SD) hospital stay, 10 +/- 2 days. PMID- 6615203 TI - Gauging the severity of surgical sepsis. AB - I developed a method for scoring the severity of a septic process, based on deteriorated functions in seven key organ systems of the body. The scoring system is numeric and recognizes that the risk to a patient rises geometrically as organ system functions deteriorate step by step. The scoring system was validated by reviewing the clinical course of 30 patients with sepsis. Prognosis and hospital stay correlated well with individual scores. The scoring system offered more accurate comparisons in clinical studies of infected patients and helped follow up a patient with sepsis more accurately. PMID- 6615204 TI - Guidelines for prevention of surgical wound infection. AB - Despite the widespread use of antibiotics, surgical wound infections continue to cause patient discomfort and drain on health care finances. More serious local complications often develop concomitantly (eg, cellulitis) or later (eg, incisional hernia). Inadequate treatment of an illness or poor host defenses may lead to serious systemic complications (septicemic shock, multiple organ failure). Therefore, it is essential that every effort be made to minimize the likelihood of infection. The Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta convened a group of physicians and surgeons knowledgeable in the practice of infection control. This group developed a set of guidelines that is thought to reflect the state of the art in 1982. The trials, which were objective and preferably randomized or even blinded, determined present options for surgical infection control. PMID- 6615205 TI - Successful thrombolytic therapy for acute and chronic occlusion of polytef vascular grafts. AB - Thrombolytic therapy for thrombosed arterial bypass grafts has received little attention in the medical literature. We carried out successful thrombolysis in occluded polytef arterial bypass grafts. A femoral-femoral artery crossover graft had been occluded 13 days, and a femoral-popliteal artery bypass graft had been occluded three months. No surgical intervention was required. Follow-up showed continued patency nine months following thrombolytic therapy. Long-term oral anticoagulation seems indicated. Also, data suggest thrombus in polytef grafts may be particularly susceptible to lyses. Thrombolytic therapy should play an increasing role in vascular surgery. PMID- 6615206 TI - Another facet of Mirizzi's syndrome. AB - Mirizzi's syndrome is a rare entity of common hepatic duct obstruction that results from an inflammatory response secondary to a gallstone impacted in the cystic duct or neck of the gallbladder. It results from an almost parallel course and low insertion of the cystic duct into the common hepatic duct. In a variant of Mirizzi's syndrome, the cause of the common hepatic duct obstruction was a primary cystic duct carcinoma rather than gallstone disease. PMID- 6615207 TI - Splenic rupture from coughing. PMID- 6615208 TI - Spontaneous rupture of the left iliac vein. PMID- 6615209 TI - The noninvasive venous vascular laboratory. A prospective analysis. AB - We undertook a prospective study to ascertain the accuracy of the noninvasive venous vascular laboratory in diagnosing clinically suspected deep-vein thrombosis. Of 88 patients studied with contrast venography and bilateral plethysmography, 41% had normal venograms; 15%, isolated venous thrombosis in the calf; and 44%, proximal deep-vein thrombosis. Clinical and Doppler examinations could not differentiate these three groups. The composite venous score was reliable at extreme values. By considering scores of 3.9 or less as negative, 8.0 or more as positive, and 4.0 to 7.9 as indeterminate, a suitable combination of sensitivity (75%), specificity (100%), and overall accuracy (90%) was obtained. Low-risk patients with scores of 3.9 or less should be observed. Patients with scores of 8.0 or greater can undergo anticoagulation without contrast venography, which is mandatory for patients with indeterminate venous scores and high-risk patients with scores of 3.9 or less. PMID- 6615210 TI - The place of abdominal aortography in abdominal aortic aneurysm resection. AB - We analyzed 110 patients who underwent abdominal aortography as a routine preliminary to abdominal aortic aneurysm resection. In 11 of the 15 patients for whom the procedures were useful in planning the operative tactics, the aortograms would have been performed anyway on clinical indications. In two patients, the changes in surgical maneuvers would not have been made through anatomic inspection at the time of the operations, but the lesions were asymptomatic. Biplane views and views of the femoropopliteal systems were rarely influential. Morbidity from the angiography was minimal and mortality was zero, but about seven aortograms were performed for each one that effected a change in procedure. We concluded that abdominal aortography as a preliminary to aneurysmectomy could be reasonably limited to patients in whom it was indicated by clinical features, including important hypertension, impaired renal function, diminished or absent femoral pulses, suspected mesenteric ischemia, suspected suprarenal extension of the aneurysm, or suspected (from the chest roentgenograms) thoracic aneurysm. PMID- 6615212 TI - Femoropopliteal graft failures. Clinical consequences and success of secondary reconstructions. AB - We examined 188 failed femoropopliteal grafts during a 16-year period to evaluate the clinical consequences of graft failure and success of secondary revascularization procedures. In limbs with grafts placed for claudication, conditions of 9% with failed grafts remained improved despite graft occlusion, 67% returned to preoperative status, and 24% showed worsened ischemia. One third of claudicants with failed grafts underwent secondary procedures. Ultimately, only 7% of failed grafts in claudicants resulted in amputation, and overall risk of limb loss in patients undergoing operation for claudication alone was low (2%). After failure of grafts performed for limb-salvage indications, 21% of limbs were still improved, and 79% reverted to limb-threatened status, more than half of the limbs undergoing subsequent reoperation. Overall, secondary attempts at reconstruction appeared justified. Although the five-year patency rate of such grafts was only 31%, limb salvage was achieved in 52%, with relatively low morbidity and mortality. PMID- 6615211 TI - Femoropopliteal and tibioperoneal artery reconstruction using human umbilical vein. AB - We used 99 human umbilical vein (HUV) grafts for femoropopliteal or tibioperoneal artery reconstruction in 94 patients. Results were calculated according to the life-table method for several categories possibly influencing graft patency. For above-knee v below-knee distal anastomosis, there was no difference in patency or limb-salvage rates at 30 months. Comparison of good and poor runoff situations disclosed similar 30-month graft patency rates, but significantly better limb salvage rates among patients with good runoff. Primary revascularization fared significantly better than secondary procedures in terms of patency and limb salvage. We found no significant differences between HUV and polytef (polytetrafluoroethylene) for above-knee anastomoses or good runoff situations. However, patency and limb salvage were better for HUV use in below-knee anastomosis and poor runoff situations. The HUV may offer advantages in long-term patency and limb salvage in selected patients. PMID- 6615213 TI - The natural history of carotid plaque development. AB - Fifty-seven carotid artery plaques in 54 patients were harvested at surgery and studied. Preoperative noninvasive findings, arteriograms, clinical symptoms, surgical findings, and light microscopic findings were compared. Thirty-four patients had symptoms, 28 with TIAs and six with a previous stroke. Thirty-three of the 34 had intraplaque hemorrhage, and 28 had a connection between the hemorrhage and the arterial lumen. Eleven of the 21 asymptomatic patients also had an intraplaque hemorrhage, and one had a connection. In eight of the 11, noninvasive studies showed progression of disease. The development of an intraplaque hemorrhage appears to be an important factor in an innocent plaque's becoming a clinically relevant one. If a connection develops between the intraplaque hemorrhage and the arterial lumen, the patient may have TIAs. PMID- 6615214 TI - Cholecystectomy concomitant with other intra-abdominal operations. Assessment of risk. AB - In a retrospective study, 1,416 cholecystectomies performed during a three-year period were reviewed to define the risk of cholecystectomy when combined with another intra-abdominal procedure. Group 1, cholecystectomy alone (1,148 patients), with subsets of cholangiography and/or common bile duct exploration, had a complication rate of 14.29% and a mortality of 0.52%. Group 2, primary cholecystectomy combined with secondary intra-abdominal surgery (214 patients), had a complication rate of 19.63%. Group 3, primary intra-abdominal surgical procedure with incidental cholecystectomy (54 patients), had a complication rate of 20.37%. Mortality for groups 2 and 3 was 2.24%. The rate of nonfatal complications was increased slightly when a second surgical procedure was performed (14.29% v 19.78%). Pairing cholecystectomy with other intra-abdominal surgery is advised only when surgical exposure is adequate, the patient's condition is satisfactory, and operating time is not prolonged greatly. PMID- 6615215 TI - Acute cholecystitis and common-duct calculi. AB - The detection of common-duct stones is important in the treatment of patients with acute cholecystitis. The records of 256 patients with histopathologically confirmed acute cholecystitis were reviewed retrospectively. Associated choledocholithiasis was found in 32 (12.5%). Preoperative serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels were inconsistent predictors of common-duct calculi. Gray-scale ultrasonography is useful in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis, but its role in the detection of common-duct calculi is uncertain. Dilated bile ducts were found in only three of eight icteric patients examined with ultrasonography. Intraoperative cholangiograms were obtained in 24 of 32 patients with choledocholithiasis, and common-duct stones were successfully demonstrated in 23 of these. Intraoperative cholangiography is a reliable method of detecting common duct calculi and should be routinely used in the surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis. PMID- 6615216 TI - Surgical treatment of primary hyperhidrosis. A report of 42 cases. AB - Forty-two patients suffering from primary hyperhidrosis underwent upper dorsal sympathectomy using the supraclavicular approach. The postoperative course and results were devoid of complications. All the patients except one were satisfied with the results of surgery, which greatly improved the quality of their lives. PMID- 6615217 TI - Abnormalities of the pancreatic and biliary ducts in adult patients with choledochal cysts. AB - A choledochal cyst in the adult patient is not just an aneurysmal dilatation of the common bile duct, but it is the most obvious manifestation of a more widespread pancreaticobiliary ductal dysplasia. Most patients have abnormalities of the pancreatic ducts and, frequently, multiple areas of dilatation involving the intrahepatic bile ducts. Of our nine patients, six had pancreatograms, five of which were distinctly abnormal. Two of the five had recurrent pancreatitis. Six patients were found to have marked stenosis of the outflow tract from the cyst. Because the mucosa lining the choledochal cyst was chronically ulcerated, anastomoses to the cyst formed strictures in seven (64%) of 11 patients, and the long-term risk of carcinoma arising in the cyst was increased. The preferred therapy was excision of the cyst with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. PMID- 6615219 TI - Gastrointestinal lipomas. AB - We reviewed 15 years of experience with gastrointestinal (GI) lipomas at our institution. A series of eight patients was included, six of whom had lipomas in the colon and two, in the stomach. All eight patients were symptomatic. The diagnosis was not made preoperatively in seven cases, which accounted for surgical intervention in these patients. Colonoscopy was helpful in the diagnosis and treatment of the eighth patient. Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of GI lipomas include the use of computed tomographic scanning and colonoscopy. PMID- 6615218 TI - Biopsy of thoracic neoplasms for assay of chemosensitivity. New indication for thoracotomy. AB - Eighty-six thoracic neoplasms, both primary and metastatic, were removed at thoracotomy from 86 patients and were tested for chemosensitivity in the clonogenic assay. Substantial tumor growth was achieved in 79% (67/86). Fifty-two percent (16/31) of the primary lung tumors and 45% (15/33) of the metastatic tumors were sensitive to at least one tested drug. Clinical correlations between in vitro chemosensitivity and in vivo response were possible in 20 patients. The assay was 83% accurate for predicting in vivo sensitivity and 86% accurate for predicting in vivo resistance. The value of the assay as it pertains to lung cancer has been demonstrated. On the basis of the results, thoracotomy is indicated in selected patients as a diagnostic procedure to obtain tissue for chemosensitivity testing. PMID- 6615220 TI - Computed tomographic localization of wooden foreign bodies in children's extremities. AB - Computed tomographic (CT) scanning accurately can identify and localize deeply embedded wooden foreign bodies in an extremity. Previously, wooden foreign bodies were often difficult to find for surgical removal. Two cases illustrating the accurate identification and localization of troublesome infected wooden foreign bodies in the tissues of extremities of children are presented. The accurate description by CT facilitated a precisely planned removal of these foreign bodies without adjacent tissue damage. This new diagnostic tool is valuable for finding obscure low-density foreign bodies in an extremity. PMID- 6615221 TI - Roux-en-Y on-line intussusception to avoid ascending cholangitis in biliary atresia. AB - A child with biliary atresia experienced severe ascending cholangitis when the exteriorized loop of a portahepatoenterostomy was internalized. Backwash of bowel contents was reduced and further cholangitis was prevented by creation of an on line intussuscepted Roux-en-Y jejunal loop to provide a nonrefluxing conduit from the porta hepatis. The loop could then be internalized and antibiotic therapy could be discontinued. The success of this procedure in this case encourages us to use this method in similar cases of biliary atresia. It may be of use in all Roux-en-Y loops, such as those used to drain the transplanted liver of patients with biliary atresia and those created to drain the distal part of the transplanted pancreas. PMID- 6615223 TI - Abdominal colectomy for chronic encephalopathy. PMID- 6615222 TI - Paradoxical embolization with Ebstein's anomaly. AB - A 48-year-old woman with known Ebstein's anomaly had bilateral, lower-extremity arterial emboli after a total abdominal hysterectomy. She underwent embolectomy, placement of a Greenfield caval filter, subsequent tricuspid valve replacement, and closure of an atrial septal defect. Antemortem diagnosis of a paradoxical embolus is rare. To our knowledge, this is the first case associated with this congenital cardiac anomaly in a survivor. PMID- 6615224 TI - Perforated benign gastrocolic fistula. PMID- 6615225 TI - [Methodologic studies on protein metabolism and bioenergetics of protein deposition in growing animals. 4. Energy metabolism in chickens in connection with measurement of parameters of protein metabolism]. AB - In connection with the measuring of parameters of the protein metabolism in parallel experiments, the energy metabolism of 6 chickens (origin Tetra B) in the live weight range between approximately 100 and 1,800 g was determined under conditions of restricted energy supply. 3 animals each received a feed mixture containing 20% (animal group 1) and 38% (animal group 2) crude protein. The amount of feed was daily increased by 1.5 g DM. The digestibility of energy and nitrogen was independent of the age. 66.3 +/- 3.3% and 64.0 +/- 5.0% resp. of the metabolisable energy were utilised for protein and fat retention. The energy maintenance requirement, determined at a live weight of 2,000 g, was independent of protein supply and averaged in the two animal groups 434 +/- 40 kJ metabolisable energy/kg live weight 0.75 . d. The result of multiple regression was, for the growth period investigated, an energy maintenance requirement of 403 +/- 32 kJ metabolisable energy/kg live weight 0.75 . d. 1.77 and 1.38 J metabolisable energy resp. were required for 1 J protein or fat retention. The energy requirement for protein retention was independent of the degree of protein supply. The results from the measuring of energy metabolism are discussed in connection with the kinetic parameters of protein metabolism ascertained in parallel experiments. PMID- 6615226 TI - Total body gas-exchange and liver mitochondrial respiration in rats from 5 weeks to 5 months of age. PMID- 6615227 TI - [Methodologic studies on endogenous N excretion in feces using N15-labeled compounds in test rats]. PMID- 6615228 TI - [Effect of the content of plant crude protein in the ration on the utilization of urea by the milk cow. 1. Nitrogen digestibility and utilization of urea for bacterial protein synthesis in the rumen]. AB - The utilisation of feed urea in the rumen was tested in 2 experiments with a total of 4 newly lactating dairy cows (13 . . . 15 and 17 . . . 19 kg resp. milk/animal and day) with rumen and duodenal re-entrant cannulae. With the energy supply remaining constant in each case, the rations in experiment A contained 8.7, 12.4 and 14.6 and those of experiment B 10.7, 13,7 and 17.1% crude plant protein in the dry matter. After the supplementation with 120 and 150 g resp. urea/animal and day there were 11.9, 15.7 and 17.8 (A) and 13.8, 16.7 and 20.2 (B) % resp. crude protein in the dry matter. The rations consisted of maize silage and a pelleted mixture of straw and concentrated feed (A) resp. maize silage, alfalfa hay and concentrated feed (B). They contained 10.3 . . . 10.6 (A) and 13.6 (B) kg dry matter with 5.6 . . . 6.0 (A) and 8.2 (B). With the increase of the crude protein level of the ration to 16.7 . . . 17.8, the absolute amount of non-NH3-N (NAN) in the duodenum increased as well. Between N-intake (g/d, x) and NAN-passage corrected by the amount of the endogenous quota (g/d, y) the relation y = 87.3 + 0.55 x (r = 0.80) could be established. NAN-passage (y) as related to N-intake decreased with the N-concentration in the dry matter of the ration (x) according to the equation y = 0.35 + 1.22x-1 (r = 0.57). 70, 62 and 61% (experiment A) and 55, 61 and 51% (experiment B) of the consumed amount of N were apparently absorbed in the intestines as NAN (without endogenous quota). The bacterial N-yield of the rumen (g, y), determined with diamino pimelic acid as microbe marker, was dependent on the consumed digestible organic matter (g, x) as follows: y = 67.3 + 0.021x (r = 0.69). There was no connection with the level of N-supply. The measuring results of the bacterial N-yield show that the utilisation rate of the urea-N decreased rapidly when there was more than 11 . . . 12% crude plant protein in the dry matter of the ration. For the tested ration type (570 . . . 600 EFUcattle/kg dry matter) the urea utilisation potential in the rumen for crude plant protein concentrations of 8.7, 10.7, 12.4, 13.4, 13.7, 14.6 and 17.1% in the dry matter was 13.0, 6.9, 4.1, 2.6, 1.3 and -9.6 g urea/kg dry matter. PMID- 6615229 TI - [Methodological studies on determination of the digestibility of crude protein in chickens]. AB - A comparison of various methods for the determination of the digestibility of crude protein in chickens was made. The chemical methods of dividing faeces and urine according to HARTFIEL and EKMAN were tried out, and a new method based on the determination of alpha-NH2-N was developed and tested. Colostomy of hens served as the basis of the comparison for the correctness of the chemical methods. The best approximation to the digestibility quotient of the crude protein according to colostomy was achieved with the alpha-NH2-N-method, which can to a large extent be well automated and can do without N-determination. Faeces-urine-N-separation according to EKMAN also resulted in a good approximation to the values according to colostomy. PMID- 6615230 TI - [Effect of graded high-energy-level protein supply on fattening performance and retention and utilization of feed energy, protein and amino acids in female fattening swine. 4. Nitrogen and amino acid content in carcasses and parts]. AB - The slaughtering and cutting up of 7 (6) female pigs in each of 3 groups (live weight approximately 113 kg) fed on approximately 80, 100 and 120% protein (lysine) of the norm as well as the determination of nitrogen and amino acids in the individual parts of the body had--in comparison to 6 reference animals (live weight approximately 36 kg) treated in the same way at the beginning of the experiment--the following results: In the course of growth the quota (in % of the slaughter weight) of bacon, belly fat + intestinal fat tissue is more than doubled; the relative quotas of bones, skin + ears, bristles + claws, blood and entrails, however, decrease. The total meat quota is 54% and remains relatively equal independent of the live weight. The N-quotas (in % of the empty body-N) of muscle and fat tissue and of the skin increase in the course of fattening, those of bones, useable organs and offal decrease distinctly. At the end of fattening the muscle protein of the animals amounted to 59% of the empty body protein and to 87% of the carcass protein. The amino acid content (g/16 g N) hardly changes in the individual parts during growth; the percentage amino acid distribution follows the weight-and N-distribution. The lysine content of the edible parts of the carcass is 8.4 g/16 g N. The chosen grades in the protein (lysine) supply of the test animals did not result in any significant changes with regard to the qualitative parameters (protein and amino acid content of the valuable and less valuable parts of the body as well as their percentage distribution in the empty body). The quantitative parameters (live weight gain, protein (amino acid) retention per day) are diminished in approximately the same relation as the insufficiency of the alimentary supply; by excessive supply, however, they do not significantly increase. The results are compared with corresponding data from literature and discussed. PMID- 6615231 TI - [Nutrient and energy retention in growing lambs. 1. Results of growth experiments]. AB - The results of a growth experiment are explained which was carried out as basis for the control slaughtering method and for N-balance experiments with hybrid fattening lambs of both sexes and of three different genetic constructions in comparison with male merino mutton lambs. The animals were kept individually on perforated floor and received pelleted fattening feed for lambs ad libitum. In the live weight range between 15 and 30 kg the male hybrid lambs reached significantly higher live weight gains than the merino mutton sheep, the former tending towards higher feed intake and lower energy expenditure. The male hybrid lambs showed a significantly higher live weight gain and a significantly lower energy expenditure than the female animals of equal live weight whereas there were no differences between the sexes in feed intake. PMID- 6615232 TI - Autoradiographical studies on the localization of metallothionein in proximal tubular cells of the rat kidney. AB - The renal distribution of 125I-labelled metallothionein (125I-MT), administered as a tracer dose to female Wistar rats, has been investigated by light and electron microscopical autoradiography. 125I-MT was absorbed rapidly and 80% of the administered dose was observed in the kidney within 60 min after dosing. At 30 min, a high density of silver grains due to 125I, was observed by light microscopy in the convoluted proximal tubules. Electron microscopical autoradiography showed that silver grains were located in large apical vacuoles and cytoplasmic bodies (heterolysosomes) of the endocytotic system in the apical or middle regions of the cells lining convoluted proximal tubules. The results suggest that endocytotic systems are associated with 125I-MT absorption by epithelial cells lining the renal convoluted proximal tubules. The apparent inconsistency on the distribution pattern of silver grains due to 109Cd-labelled MT and 125I-labelled MT in these is also discussed. PMID- 6615233 TI - The effect of low lead doses in vitro and in vivo on the d-ala-d activity of erythrocytes, bone marrow cells, liver and brain of the mouse. AB - The d-ala-d activity in erythrocytes (RBC), femur bone marrow, liver and brain of mice was determined using a modification of the method of Berlin and Schaller (1974). In vitro incubation of lead acetate (PbAc) with these tissues resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of the d-ala-d activity. The lead concentration which caused a 50% inhibition of the d-ala-d activity after 10 min incubation [ED-50(10 min)] was 0.78 mg PbAc/femur bone marrow, 3.72 micrograms PbAc/ml RBC, 15.85 micrograms PbAc/g brain and 43.05 micrograms PbAc/g liver. An increase in the incubation time to 60 min reduced these ED-50 values between 44% for the erythrocytic enzyme and 67% for the brain enzyme. In vivo treatment of mice with oral lead administration (absorbed dose range: 1-100 micrograms PbAc/kg b.w.) for 1 or 3 months led to a dose-dependent and organ-specific inhibition of the d-ala d activity. After 3 months of oral lead supply the maximum enzyme inhibition (54%) was found in the bone marrow. At the same time the lowest enzyme inhibition could be seen in the brain which retained 73% of its activity. The erythrocytic and liver enzyme activity was 71% and 72% resp. of the appropriate control. Within 3 weeks after completing the oral lead administration the brain enzyme activity was completely restored. The erythrocytic and liver enzyme activities were still significantly, but not very markedly inhibited, whereas the bone marrow d-ala-d remained seriously depressed. According to these experiments, the lead dose which causes a long term inhibition of the bone marrow and erythrocytic d-ala-d activities is assumed to range between 50 and 100 micrograms PbAc/kg b.w. and day, as an absorbed dose. PMID- 6615234 TI - Cadmium in Finnish breast milk, a longitudinal study. AB - Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry was employed to analyse cadmium in breast milk. Twenty breast milk samples were donated by seven mothers during 6 months of lactation. All milk samples represented every feeding during a period of 24 h, having foremilk an hindmilk in equal proportions. The median cadmium concentration in the 1st month was 2.0 micrograms/l (range 1.7-3.1 micrograms/l, 7 samples) and then declined to 1.5 micrograms/l (range 1.3-2.5 micrograms/l, 7 samples) and 1.6 micrograms/l (range 1.2-2.0 micrograms/l, 6 samples) in the 3rd and 6th months, respectively. At the age of 1 and 3 months when the infants were totally breast fed the average weekly intake of cadmium was 2.7 and 1.5 micrograms/kg. This is below the provisional tolerable weekly intake of man, from 6.7 to 8.3 micrograms/kg, proposed by WHO. PMID- 6615235 TI - Determination of alkanes in breath to monitor lipid peroxidation in the presence of volatile toxicants and metabolites. An optimized, automatic method. AB - Determination of alkanes in breath of laboratory animals and humans has become a standard-method for monitoring lipid peroxidation in vivo. Isothermal gas chromatography on Porasil C enables sensitive, rapid and repetitive determination of all C2-C5-hydrocarbons in breath. Volatile toxicants and metabolites, which would coelute with the alkanes of later injected samples, are deviated by using a precolumn. An automatic switching unit controls withdrawal and injection of samples and backflush of the precolumn in a repetitive manner at fixed intervals. This increases accuracy and sensitivity of analysis and enables virtually unattended operation. The system has been applied for a study on the oxygen dependence of CCl4-metabolism in the rat. PMID- 6615236 TI - Neurotoxic esterase. Identification of two isoenzymes in hen brain. AB - Two phenyl valerate hydrolyzing carboxylesterases (EC 3.1.1.1) of hen brain were identified as neurotoxic esterases (NTEA and NTEB) by kinetic analysis of organophosphorus inhibition curves. The activities of both NTE isoenzymes with phenyl valerate (PV) as substrate and their inhibition rate constants were determined in six different animals. In-vivo-application of a single oral dose of 500 mg/kg triorthocresyl phosphate (TOCP) caused 86% inhibition of NTEA and 93% inhibition of NTEB within 24 h. Total NTE activity (NTEA plus NTEB) determined by kinetic analysis shows an excellent correlation (r = 0.989) to NTE activity simultaneously tested with a differential NTE assay. The excellent sensitivity (97%) and high specificity (79%) of the NTE differential test is demonstrated. PMID- 6615237 TI - The binding of steroid hormones and diethylstilbestrol to proteins of human cells in culture. AB - The binding of 3H-labeled steroid hormones and a non-steroidal synthetic estrogen, diethylstilbestrol (DES), to proteins of cultured human embryonic lung cells (HEL 299) was studied according to the methods of Diamond et al. [Cancer Res 27: 890-897 (1967)] and Kuroki and Heidelberger [Cancer Res 31: 2168-2176 (1971)]. Ecdysone, estradiol, hydrocortisone, progesterone, testosterone, and DES were selected as test compounds. The aim of this study was to determine the protein binding ability of DES, known as a transplacental carcinogen and teratogen for humans, and to compare it with those of the steroid hormones. DES was bound to proteins to the highest extent, and the amount of binding of estradiol was slightly lower than that of DES. Hydrocortisone, testosterone, and progesterone bound to proteins to smaller extents than DES and estradiol. Very little binding of ecdysone to cellular proteins was detected. PMID- 6615238 TI - Improved method to measure erythrocyte filtration times increased extremely by chlorate. AB - A method is presented that allows the measurement of erythrocyte filtration times that are extremely prolonged. Filtration times through polycarbonate sieves are increased by a factor of 40 after 2 h incubation with 30 mM sodium chlorate. This increase in red cell rigidity offers an explanation for the haemolysis observed in chlorate poisoning in vivo. PMID- 6615239 TI - [Effect of immunopotentiating agents (BCG, picibanil, and levamisole) and Maruyama vaccine on neutrophil functions including the generation of oxygen intermediates]. PMID- 6615240 TI - [Histamine sensitivity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes of patients with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6615241 TI - [Anti-IgE antibody in the sera from asthmatic patients]. PMID- 6615242 TI - Quantitative aspects of arterial endothelium in the adult Sprague-Dawley rat. AB - Ultrastructural features of aortic and carotid artery endothelium were investigated using transmission electron microscopy and freeze-fracture methodologies. Morphometric analysis was conducted to quantitate the pinocytotic vesicle population within endothelial cells. A significantly greater volume fraction of vesicles and vesicles/micrometer 3 was found in the carotid artery. The membrane-bound vesicles in the endothelium of the aorta and carotid artery exhibited a greater fractional area than has been reported for capillary endothelium. These findings may indicate a specialized function of the vesicles in large arteries for increasing the total plasma membrane surface area in response to high transmural pressures. PMID- 6615243 TI - Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, lipids and lipoproteins in maternal and umbilical cord plasma. AB - The rate of cholesterol esterification, levels of total cholesterol (TC), unesterified cholesterol (UC), triglycerides (TG), total phospholipids (PL), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), high density lipoprotein phospholipids (HDL-PL), apolipoprotein A (Apo A) and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) were measured in the plasma of 27 mothers and umbilical cord pairs at birth. The mean values were significantly (P less than 0.001) lower in the cord than in the mother. No significant correlations were found between maternal and umbilical levels regarding TC, UC, PL, Apo A, Apo B and rate of cholesterol esterification. However, plasma levels of HDL-C, HDL-PL and Apo A showed a slight positive correlation between mother and fetus HDL. PMID- 6615244 TI - Relationship between metabolism and composition of low density lipoproteins in rabbits on semi-purified diet. AB - The metabolism of 125I-labelled apoprotein of low density lipoproteins was studied in rabbits fed either commercial or semi-purified, cholesterol-free, diet. The rise in apo-LDL intravascular pool size observed in the semi-purified group is accompanied by a marked decrease in the fractional catabolic rate and an increase in the total catabolic rate. The semi-purified diet induces an increase in the cholesterol ester/triglyceride ratio of the LDL which is normalized by cholestyramine therapy. The concomitant alterations in both LDL metabolism and lipid composition raise the possibility that enrichment of LDL in cholesterol esters is a consequence of the delayed LDL clearance from the plasma. PMID- 6615246 TI - The effect of blood constituents on platelet function: role of blood cells and plasma lipoproteins. AB - Platelet aggregation as well as [14C] serotonin release were increased in platelet-rich plasma in comparison to gel-filtered platelet preparation. The addition of red blood cells to platelet-rich plasma enhanced thrombin-induced [14C] serotonin release by 7%, whereas in a gel-filtered platelet preparation free of any plasma constituents a 47% increment was noted. In the presence of white blood cells, no effect could be shown. Purified lipoproteins were incubated (in their normal plasma concentration) with gel-filtered platelets for 30 minutes at 37 degrees C, and the effect on in vitro platelet function was studied. Very low density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein increased thrombin-induced platelet aggregation and [14C] serotonin release induced by epinephrine, ADP, and thrombin. In contrast, high density lipoprotein inhibited these platelet functions. Lipoprotein-deficient plasma increased platelet aggregation and release reaction. It appears that plasma lipoproteins have a profound effect on in vitro platelet function. Since both platelets and lipoproteins are of importance in atherosclerosis, the platelet-lipoprotein interaction might be of major significance in this process. PMID- 6615245 TI - Effects of anti-hypertensive therapy on serum lipoproteins. Treatment with metoprolol, propranolol and hydrochlorothiazide. AB - The effects of metoprolol, propranolol and hydrochlorothiazide on lipoprotein metabolism were studied in three different but comparable groups of middle-aged men with previously untreated hypertension (n=10, n=10, and n=11, respectively). All three treatments were associated with an increase in serum triglyceride and VLDL-cholesterol levels. Propranolol treatment was associated with consistent and significant decreases in HDL-cholesterol, apoA-I and A-II levels, whereas these changes during the other treatments were neither significant nor consistent. An increase in adipose tissue LPL-activity and a decrease in serum free fatty acids were seen in the propranolol treatment group. Significant changes were not observed in glucose tolerance or catecholamine excretion. The blood pressure reduction was similar in the three groups. The design of the present study was in some important respects different from that of others. This may help to explain why we found a difference between the two beta-blockers in our study. PMID- 6615247 TI - Mechanism of the variability in plasma cholesterol response to cholesterol feeding in rhesus monkeys. AB - The response of plasma cholesterol to cholesterol feeding in rhesus monkeys varies widely among individual animals. Some develop severe hypercholesterolemia (the high-responders) while some show only a mild increase in plasma cholesterol concentration (the low-responders) with similar cholesterol intake. We have reviewed our studies on cholesterol absorption and metabolism in the high- and low-responding rhesus monkeys and conclude that the consistent observation that high-responders absorb significantly higher percentage of intestinal luminal cholesterol than the low-responders is one primary mechanism responsible for the differential response of plasma cholesterol to dietary cholesterol. We have discussed the significance of these findings in rhesus monkeys, an animal species used extensively as a model for atherosclerosis research, as they may relate to cholesterol metabolism in humans. PMID- 6615248 TI - [Cytoarchitectonics of the frontal area fields of the cerebral cortex in the hamadryas baboon and the rhesus macaque in ontogeny]. AB - Structural organization of the fields 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 47, 44 + 45 + 46 has been studied in Papio hamadryas and in Macaca rhesus during pre- and postnatal periods of development. Volumes of the fields, size of the cells, thickness of the cortex and its layers have been defined. Not only certain similarities, but some essential differences have been revealed in the development of the fields mentioned. The differences are manifested in complicating the frontal area of the Papio hamadryas cerebral cortex during the second half of the intrauterine life and occurring mainly at the expense of the anabolia modus (appearance of the fissure asymmetry, predominance of pyramidal cells, appearance of the field 46, increasing size of the cells, increase in the cortical thickness and in the field volumes). They are also seen in the maturation rate of the frontal area fields- more accelerated in Macaca rhesus and decelerated in Papio hamadryas. PMID- 6615249 TI - [Significance of the characteristics of the aortic branching in regulating human regional blood flow]. AB - After certain reconstructive vascular operations which concern the connection of two major arteries, in a number of cases the "steal syndrome" appears- interdependence of the volumetric blood stream passing through the connected arteries resulting from an artificially made too narrow a common trunk of the two arteries. The fluid expense, when it moves along the anatomical preparation of the aorta and its branches, demonstrates that there occurs a definite interdependence of the fluid expense in the major arteries at the branching coefficient K greater than 1. Calculation of the branching coefficient in the aorta at various levels performed in 25 human corpses reveals, in some cases K greater than 1. It can cause the interdependence between the volumetric blood stream and the vascular tonus in the neighbouring vascular regions in patients suffering from disturbances of some compensatory processes. PMID- 6615250 TI - [Formation of the muscular and neural components of the femoral artery wall of the dog in early postnatal ontogeny (an ultrastructural and histochemical study)]. AB - In puppies of various age (newborn, 2-week-old. 1- and 3-month-old) formation of smooth muscle and neural components in the femoral artery wall has been studied electron microscopically and histochemically. As demonstrate the electron microscopic data, the femoral artery wall is mainly formed by birth, nevertheless, structural components of its each tunic are at various stage of maturation and only by the 3d month the differentiation and specialization process of all cellular elements is fully completed. Owing to a combination of techniques used, it has been possible to follow the dynamics in formation of the innervation apparatus of the femoral artery. In the newborn animals the adrenergic apparatus of the femoral artery is presented mainly as thick fibers of a cable type; they form a plexus with loose loops at the periphery of the external tunic. Varicosities are scanty. By the 3d month there is a well developed network of the adrenergic fibers at the border of the middle and external vascular tunics. Some terminals penetrate into the muscular tunic. There is a great number of varicosities in the neural fiber axons. At the border of the middle and external tunics of the vessel, complex neuro-muscular interrelations are forming with an aim to bring functionally closer the main structural components of the wall. In the course of the early postnatal ontogenesis in dogs up to 3 months of age, in the femoral artery wall certain processes take place directed to ensure the neuroregulatory vasomotor properties of the vessel. PMID- 6615251 TI - [Pathways of lymph movement in blockade of the medial superficial lymphatic vessels of the lower extremity]. AB - A roentgen contrast investigation of the medial superficial lymph vessels has been undertaken in 69 patients (from 16 up to 67 years of age) suffering from various types of the posttraumatic edema when the lymph flow is blocked up. These vessels drain various anatomical areas, flow into certain segments of the lymphatic vessels, limited with definite segments from the beginning of their division up to the next branching of the major vessel. This causes a repeated redirection of the lymph flow along its way to various inguinal lymph nodes. In the lower third of the femur and on the crus from 1 to 6 lymph flows have been revealed at the expense of large lymph vessels of the lower extremities medial surface, which perform the redistribution of the lymph coming from the skin and the subcutaneous fat to various vessels and nodes of the inguinal area. PMID- 6615252 TI - [Histochemical characteristics of the epitheliocytes of the avian glandular stomach]. AB - A complex histochemical investigation has been undertaken to study the epithelial lining of the glandular stomach in birds having various types of nutrition. The protective barrier of the avian stomach has been found to be characterized as a resistant (mucosal) barrier, with neutral glycoproteins, sialo- and sulphoglycoproteins as its components. Differences in histochemical properties of the epitheliocyte secretion have been described in birds with different types of nutrition. They are connected with various correlation of carbohydrates and proteins in the composition of the micromolecular glycoprotein complex. The data obtained are compared with those concerning the histochemical properties of the stomach in amphibia and reptiles which have the mucous membrane structure similar to that in the avian stomach. PMID- 6615253 TI - [Parallel and spiral anomalies of the cystic duct]. AB - Parallel and spiral anomalies of the cystic duct, that are found in every fourth- fifth patient, are of certain importance for the practical surgery. When at cholecystectomy a hidden long stump of the anomalous cystic duct is left it might result in the same complications which are described when a long external stump of the cystic duct is left. Analysing anatomical peculiarities and positions of the anomalous cystic ducts as regards to the common hepatic duct, found in 51 patients at operations, it was revealed: the length of the anomalous course of the cystic duct in 13 patients was 20-25 mm, in 30 patients--from 30 up to 50 mm, in 10 patients--60--75 mm. The parallel anomalies were revealed in 18 patients, the spiral ones--in 23 patients. In the latter cases the cystic duct adjoined the anterior, posterior and even the medial walls of the common hepatic duct and had not only an oblique-spiral course, but a transversal one, too. For these 6 variants certain working terms were suggested. In 10 patients mixed anomalies of the cystic ducts were found with its parallel and spiral disposition. Four types of the mixed anomalies were distinguished and they were also given certain working terms. The terms suggested for the variants of the cystic ducts could be helpful for medical documentation and for exact statistics of these anomalies. PMID- 6615254 TI - [Alkaline phosphatase activity in different cellular functional states of the alveolar epithelium in the mamma of the white mouse]. AB - A light optic investigation on localization of alkaline phosphatase activity in the cellular elements of the mammary gland alveoli has been performed in white mice on the 10th-15th days of lactation. The enzymatic activity is revealed by means of Padicula--German calcium--cobalt method. The density of the histochemical reaction product in sections is estimated spectrophotometrically (plug-method), the index of the cellular height (the height of the cell to its width ratio) is appreciated as the index demonstrating the functional state of the secretory epithelium. In secretory and myoepithelial cells of the alveoli the reaction product is noted to deposit with various intensity. An increasing enzymatic activity in the secretory cells is observed at initial stages of the secretory cycle. PMID- 6615255 TI - [Mitral stenosis. Is there a need for invasive diagnostic methods?]. PMID- 6615256 TI - [Regional and total ventricular function in patients with recent myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6615257 TI - [Aortic valve stenosis-- evaluation of its severity by time and velocity phonocardiographic measurements]. PMID- 6615258 TI - [Resection of aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta using the simplified Crawford technic]. PMID- 6615259 TI - [Serum levels of benzathine penicillin G after intramuscular administration]. PMID- 6615260 TI - [Anxiety and coronary disease]. PMID- 6615261 TI - [Mediastinal lipoma. Report of a case]. PMID- 6615262 TI - [Noonan syndrome]. PMID- 6615263 TI - [Cardiac contraction. IV. Comparison and evaluation of the measurements of the myocardial contractility]. PMID- 6615264 TI - [Effects of labetalol on the response of arterial blood pressure to exercise in hypertensive patients]. PMID- 6615265 TI - [Clinical aspects of diabetic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6615266 TI - Mutism after closed head injury. AB - Prospective study of patients admitted to a hospital for closed head injury showed that nine patients (nearly 3%) became mute for varying periods despite recovery of consciousness and communication through a nonspeech channel. Computed tomography (CT) showed subcortical lesions situated primarily in the putamen and internal capsule of four patients, whereas four of the five patients without subcortical lesions had left-hemisphere cortical injury. The patients without subcortical injury visualized by CT exhibited a longer duration of impaired consciousness consistent with severe diffuse brain injury and they showed more long-term linguistic deficits. We related our findings to recent studies of atypical aphasia after occlusive vascular lesions of the basal ganglia. PMID- 6615267 TI - EEG, transmission computed tomography, and positron emission tomography with fluorodeoxyglucose 18F. Their use in adults with gliomas. AB - We evaluated the relationship between findings from EEG, transmission computed tomography (CT), and positron emission tomography in 23 adults with gliomas. The cortical metabolic rate was suppressed in patients with and without focal slowing. Focal delta activity was not related to involvement of gray or white matter. Rhythmic delta activity and focal attenuation of background amplitude on EEG, however, were correlated with involvement of the thalamus. PMID- 6615268 TI - Medial thalamic hemorrhage with amnesia. AB - Three patients had amnesia and confusion as presenting features of thalamic hemorrhage. They had a relatively benign clinical appearance and lacked characteristics of the syndrome usually associated with thalamic hemorrhage. We reviewed hypotheses regarding a mechanism for the amnesic syndrome and concluded that lesions involving the medial thalamic nucleus were responsible for the amnesia observed. PMID- 6615269 TI - Hyperfrontal pattern of human cerebral circulation. Variations with age and atherosclerotic state. AB - The phenomenon of relative hyperperfusion of the frontal areas of the cerebral cortex (hyperfrontal flow distribution) was analyzed in 84 patients between 13 and 78 years of age. Fifty-two patients (group 1) had histories of vascular disease or vascular risk factors, and 32 (group 2) did not. Regional cerebral blood flow was measured by an atraumatic xenon Xe 133 method. The mean hemispheric gray-matter flow was found to decrease similarly with age in the two groups. Other findings were as follows: (1) the level of flow within the frontal region was not homogeneous in young adults; (2) in group 1, the frontal hyperperfusion decreased progressively with age, disappearing during the fifth and sixth decades according to a specific topographic pattern; (3) in group 2, hyperperfusion persisted into old age; and (4) hyperperfusion appeared more persistent with age in women than in men. PMID- 6615270 TI - Transient tumor attacks. AB - The presence of an intracranial mass lesion should be considered in any patient experiencing episodes of reversible cerebral deficit. I studied four patients, all with intracranial masses, who had recurrent attacks of hemiparesis, hemisensory disturbance, disorientation, or dysphasia. While the mechanism of these attacks is unknown, there are several possibilities. PMID- 6615271 TI - Impaired visual flicker discrimination with hypothalamic pituitary disease. AB - In a group of 19 patients with pituitary dysfunction, we assessed peripheral visual fields and flicker discrimination. Two subgroups of patients were defined: (1) nonsurgical (n = 6), and (2) surgical (n = 13). For the nonsurgical group, 16.7% (2/12) of the eyes tested had impaired flicker discrimination, whereas 33% (4/12) had a deficit in visual field. For the surgical group, none of the patients had a deficit of visual field, whereas 60% (15/25) of the eyes tested had an alteration of flicker discrimination. For this latter group, abnormalities of the flicker fusion threshold were present several months to several years after surgery. PMID- 6615272 TI - Visual evoked potentials in the detection of subclinical optic toxic effects secondary to ethambutol. AB - In 14 patients with tuberculosis treated with ethambutol hydrochloride, pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded to monocular, whole-field stimulation before the commencement of treatment and one month and three months subsequently. In six subjects, the VEPs showed changes in the latency and amplitude of the P100 component at the one- or three-month interval. In three cases, the VEP changes reversed after cessation of treatment. In five of the six cases, changes were not associated with a change in visual function, as measured by clinical neuro-ophthalmologic examination. Our findings confirm the usefulness of VEPs in the detection of subclinical optic nerve disease and suggest their use in routine monitoring of ocular function in patients treated with ethambutol. PMID- 6615273 TI - CNS toxoplasmosis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - Several distinct patterns of neurological involvement occur in epidemic acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Two patients with this disorder had Toxoplasma gondii encephalitis, one suspected and one proved. Computed tomographic (CT) scanning showed focal lesions in both patients. Spinal fluids were remarkable for elevated protein, hypoglycorrhachia, and absence of pleocytosis. In patients with AIDS, focal CT scan findings and serum indication of past T gondii infection should prompt strong consideration of the diagnosis of CNS toxoplasmosis. The absence of specific IgM antibody or rise in IgG antibody titer to T gondii does not exclude this condition in the immune compromised host. In the patient with AIDS, CNS lesions mimicking brain abscess warrant biopsy or empiric therapy for T gondii. Early recognition and initiation of a prolonged or indefinite course of pyrimethamine plus sulfonamide therapy could reduce the mortality associated with this infection in AIDS. Computed tomographic scans, repeated frequently, appear, at present, to be the best guide to monitor the status of CNS involvement. PMID- 6615274 TI - Hemilingual paralysis caused by spontaneous carotid artery dissection. AB - Hypoglossal nerve dysfunction may result from compression or stretching by enlargement of the ipsilateral cervical carotid artery undergoing spontaneous dissection. Tongue paralysis associated with transient ischemia should localize the lesion to the neck. PMID- 6615275 TI - Focal necrosis of the spinal cord in utero. AB - We examined a child who suffered in utero necrosis of the spinal cord. Necrosis of this type typically occurs in the fetus with neck hyperextension and breech position and presumably results from focal ischemia of the spinal cord. PMID- 6615276 TI - Transient partial amnesia. AB - A patient struck with transient amnesia was able to write a detailed account of her experiences during the episode and retained partial memory of the event. The analysis of her report permits an unusual view of transient partial amnesia. PMID- 6615277 TI - Reference error. PMID- 6615278 TI - Personality analysis of epileptics. PMID- 6615279 TI - Neurologic complications of tetanus toxoid. PMID- 6615280 TI - Homolateral ataxia and crural paresis. PMID- 6615281 TI - Multiple sclerosis. The spectrum of severity. PMID- 6615282 TI - Unsuspected multiple sclerosis. AB - Five patients known to have various medical problems were found unexpectedly at autopsy to have typical multiple sclerosis plaques. These were most often small and in a periventricular distribution in frontal, temporal, and occipital lobes. In two cases, small plaques were found in the thalamus and brain stem. The cerebellum was not involved. PMID- 6615283 TI - Proposed mechanism of ataxia in Fisher's syndrome. AB - A patient with Fisher's variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome had severe limb ataxia. Joint position sense was diminished proximally but normal distally. In contrast, muscle proprioceptive function, studied electrophysiologically by recording silent periods in proximal muscles, appeared to be normal. A disparity between proprioceptive information from muscle spindles and kinesthetic information from joints and other proprioceptors may be a mechanism of ataxia, based solely on abnormalities of peripheral nerve function. A CNS lesion is, therefore, not necessary to explain cerebellar ataxia in Fisher's syndrome. PMID- 6615284 TI - Spontaneous facial expressions occurring at onset of focal seizure activity. AB - Examination of the simultaneously recorded EEG and video taped behavior of patients during seizures activated by pentylenetetrazol-bemigride revealed a variety of spontaneous facial expressions at the electroclinical seizure onset. Neutral and sad expressions were observed most often, followed in frequency by expressions of fear, surprise, and happiness. Expressions of disgust and anger were rare. There was no consistent relation between side of seizure onset and type of spontaneous facial expression. PMID- 6615285 TI - Localization without content. A tactile analogue of 'blind sight'. AB - We examined the ability of a patient, who had a cerebral lesion involving the left posterior hemisphere, to identify and to localize stimuli applied to her "deafferented" right upper limb. We observed a functional dissociation between localization and identification in both performance and subjective report. This finding may be a tactual analogue of "blind sight." PMID- 6615286 TI - CNS lesions in neonatal isoimmune thrombocytopenia. AB - We treated two siblings with classic neonatal isoimmune thrombocytopenia and porencephalic cysts in whom the CNS lesions occurred in a vascular distribution, for which there is no clear explanation. Whether the CNS vasculature is injured by the immune process at certain susceptible sites in larger vessels or whether there is a thrombotic process occurring at sites of vascular injury is speculative. This observation suggests that vascular factors are involved in the development of CNS lesions in this condition. PMID- 6615287 TI - Carotid body tumor associated with partial Horner's syndrome and facial pain ('Raeder's syndrome'). AB - A 35-year-old woman had partial, right-sided Horner's syndrome seven years prior to admission. Facial sweating was normal. Ipsilateral headache and facial pain followed a year later. Three months before admission a left-sided carotid body tumor was resected successfully. Soon thereafter, a mass was noted below the right mandibular angle and carotid angiography showed features typical of a carotid body tumor at the carotid bifurcation. To our knowledge this is the first report of such a lesion causing Raeder's syndrome. Review of other reported cases of this usually benign syndrome shows that some may be associated with serious but treatable diseases of the internal carotid artery. PMID- 6615288 TI - Familial porencephaly. AB - We studied familial porencephaly consistent with autosomal dominant or recessive inheritance in two families. The pathogenesis of the encephaloclastic and schizencephalic types was reviewed. Use of noninvasive neuroradiologic techniques, including computed tomography and ultrasonography, may help to delineate groups of children with smaller porencephalic cysts and to define further familial or genetic forms of this process. PMID- 6615289 TI - Neurourologic findings in conus medullaris and cauda equina injury. AB - Fifty-seven patients with documented conus medullaris and cauda equina injury underwent neurourologic evaluation consisting of cystometrography (CMG), perineal floor electromyography (EMG), and bethanechol chloride supersensitivity testing (BST). The bulbocavernosus reflex was normal in only 16% of the patients, and perineal sensation and muscle stretch reflexes were absent or significantly diminished in 77%. The predominant CMG finding was detrusor areflexia (93%). Neuropathic EMG changes were noted in 67% and a positive BST response in 95% of the cases. Statistical analysis showed significant correlations between (1) a compromised bulbocavernosus reflex and perineal floor neuropathy (.01 less than P less than .05) and (2) sex of the patient and incidence of urinary incontinence among subjects with perineal floor neuropathy (P less than .01). The major neurourologic features in these patients (1) An absent or substantially diminished bulbocavernosus reflex, (2) detrusor areflexia on CMG, (3) neuropathic perineal EMG changes, and (4) a positive BST response. PMID- 6615290 TI - Auditory brain-stem responses in adrenomyeloneuropathy. AB - We studied three patients with adrenomyeloneuropathy. Complete audiologic assessment was obtained: two patients showed unimpaired peripheral hearing and one showed a mild high-frequency hearing loss. Auditory brain-stem responses were abnormal in both ears of all subjects, with one subject showing no response above wave I, and the other two having significant wave I to III and wave III to V interval prolongations. We concluded that auditory brain-stem response testing provides a simple, valid, reliable method for demonstrating neurologic abnormality in adrenomyeloneuropathy even prior to evidence of clinical signs. PMID- 6615291 TI - Eosinophilic meningoradiculomyelitis caused by Gnathostoma spinigerum. A case report. AB - A 51-year-old man had excruciating pains in the left arm and chest approximately four weeks after ingestion of live loaches. Eosinophilia, eosinophilic pleocytosis in the CSF, and a high serum IgE level were noted. Skin tests and antigen-antibody reactions were positive for Gnathostoma infection. His clinical signs and symptoms ameliorated with symptomatic treatment within six months. Only 34 cases of gnathostomiasis involving the CNS have been reported in the English literature, and ours is the first Japanese case, to the best of our knowledge, of eosinophilic meningoradiculomyelitis caused by Gnathostoma spinigerum. PMID- 6615292 TI - Video games and seizures. AB - Two teenagers had seizures while playing video games. These cases may well have been a variety of photoconvulsive epilepsy. Some patients with seizures may be at risk of precipitating a seizure while playing these games. PMID- 6615293 TI - Foot deformity in myotubular myopathy. Pathology of intrinsic foot musculature. AB - An intrinsic foot muscle biopsy specimen was taken from a patient with myotubular myopathy who underwent surgical correction for orthopedic deformity. Pathologic findings were typical of primary muscle disease. Foot deformity in myotubular myopathy may result from abnormalities of intrinsic foot muscles, as well as those of more proximal musculature. PMID- 6615294 TI - Chorea caused by caudate infarction. AB - An ischemic infarct in the caudate nucleus was associated with a contralateral chorea in a 47-year-old, hypertensive, diabetic man. To my knowledge, this is only the second report of isolated caudate infarction associated with chorea. Computed tomography demonstrated the basal ganglion lesion. PMID- 6615295 TI - Trigeminal sensory neuropathy. AB - The etiology of trigeminal sensory neuropathy remains obscure. In a recent case, a relationship to herpes simplex virus might be inferred. A woman, aged 63 years, had at least ten episodes of "cold sore," always at the same site on her upper lip. After a typical prodromal burning, she expected a cold sore to appear, but a trigeminal sensory neuropathy began instead, starting at the site where the cold sores had always appeared. PMID- 6615296 TI - Saccadic latency measurements in dementia. AB - We measured saccadic latencies in patients with Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and other types of dementia. The saccadic latencies for both groups were considerably longer than those for age-matched controls. The prolongation was as extensive in patients with other types of dementia as it was in those with AD. There was no correlation between latency and the severity of the dementia. PMID- 6615297 TI - Nonsurgical treatment of cerebral nocardiosis. AB - In previously healthy, 49-year-old man, CNS infection due to Nocardia asteroides was manifested initially as sterile meningitis and then as a single large brain abscess and was treated successfully with medical therapy alone. Resolution of the brain abscess was documented with serial computed tomographic scans. The strain of N asteroides was sensitive to both sulfisoxazole and ampicillin. Although surgical intervention must always be considered in the treatment of brain abscess caused by N asteroides, medical therapy is preferable if the patient responds initially. PMID- 6615298 TI - Increased intracranial pressure with normal ventricular size due to superior vena cava obstruction. PMID- 6615299 TI - Retinoblastoma treated in infants in the first six months of life. AB - One hundred fifty-eight children with retinoblastoma received diagnoses and were treated during the first six months of life and then were observed for a mean of 7.4 years. The mean age at diagnosis was 3.6 months. Four patients received diagnoses at birth, one of metastatic disease. Ninety-four patients (60%) had leukokoria, reflecting the fact that 108 (68%) were initially seen with group V tumors (Reese-Ellsworth staging) despite their young age. One hundred seven (68%) were initially seen with bilateral retinoblastoma and 51 (32%) were seen with unilateral disease; in ten of the latter group, tumors later developed in the fellow eye. The eyes of 90 patients with bilateral involvement were asymmetric at first visit (that is, their eyes were involved at different stages of disease). Of 52 eyes receiving bilateral irradiation, 26 (50%) required further treatment, 23 (70%) of these for a resistant tumor and ten (30%) for new tumors. Despite the early age at diagnosis and treatment, 13 (25%) of treated eyes ultimately required enucleation. Metastatic retinoblastoma developed in ten patients and they died. Second, nonocular tumors developed in 13 patients. Early age at diagnosis does not ensure that the disease is caught at an early stage. PMID- 6615300 TI - Extremely rapid growth of a primary choroidal melanoma. AB - A small, minimally elevated, nonpigmented choroidal tumor increased in volume 12 fold and grew from the edge of the fovea to the optic disk within 60 days. Histopathology of the enucleated globe demonstrated a mixed spindle and epithelioid cell malignant melanoma with numerous mitotic figures. The calculated doubling time of this tumor was 17 days. PMID- 6615301 TI - Effect of acetazolamide on the differential threshold. AB - Following the oral administration of three 250-mg doses of acetazolamide sodium to nine patients with glaucomatous visual-field defects, a statistically significant improvement in the differential threshold was observed, whereas in 16 glaucoma suspects, no change could be detected. The greatest improvements following acetazolamide administration occurred in younger patients and in those with the greatest disturbances of the visual field. PMID- 6615302 TI - Topical timolol and the nursing mother. AB - A 34-year-old nursing woman with elevated intraocular pressure voluntarily and without our knowledge applied 0.5% timolol maleate twice daily to her right eye. A milk sample 1.5 hours after administration of drug showed a much higher level of timolol (5.6 ng/mL) than a plasma sample drawn at the same time (0.93 ng/mL). Three control milk specimens showed no measurable levels of timolol. The patient's milk sample 12 hours after her last timolol dose contained 0.5 ng/mL of timolol. On the basis of our calculations, timolol should be used with caution by nursing mothers. PMID- 6615303 TI - Schirmer's test. A closer look. AB - In 50 normal subjects, results of kinetics studies of Schirmer's test demonstrated nonlinear wetting with an initial rapid phase of wetting followed by a progressive reduction in rate. This initial rapid phase of wetting indicated a reflex secretion of tears. In the majority of subjects, topical anesthesia with 0.5% proparacaine hydrochloride dampened the initial reflex secretion but could not completely suppress it. The data indicated that Schirmer's test with anesthesia was not capable of measuring a basic tear secretion independent of reflex components. PMID- 6615304 TI - Paradoxical inferior oblique muscle overaction with A-pattern esotropia. AB - The presence of overacting inferior oblique muscles in A-pattern esotropia is a rarely documented finding. During the last three decades, three basic schools of thought have evolved to explain A and V patterns. In certain cases an individualized approach synthesizing these three theories is needed. We saw two patients with paradoxical A-pattern esotropia with inferior oblique muscle overaction. Both cases were treated surgically by weakening both inferior oblique muscles with recession and supraplacement of both medial rectus muscles. The synthesis of these two approaches resulted in good postoperative alignment. PMID- 6615305 TI - Primary carcinoid tumor of the orbit. A clinicopathologic study with histochemical and electron microscopic observations. AB - A patient with a primary carcinoid tumor of the orbit is described. No other tumor had been found during the 15-year interval since the onset of unilateral proptosis. Symptoms of the carcinoid syndrome were absent, and the urinary levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were normal. Histologically, the bulky, noninfiltrating tumor compressed but did not invade the optic nerve. The argyrophilic cells were arranged in solid lobules and formed abundant, rosettelike structures. Pleomorphic neurosecretory granules were demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy. PMID- 6615306 TI - Intravitreous silicone injection. Histopathologic findings in a human eye after 12 years. AB - Histopathologic changes occurred in a human eyeball enucleated 12 years after intravitreous silicone injection for the treatment of complicated retinal detachment with massive preretinal membrane. Silicone "bubbles" (droplets) were found in the chamber angle, iris, ciliary body, retina, and preretinal and subretinal membrane, as well as in the optic nerve. Clinically, glaucoma developed in the eye. A review of the literature indicates that the common late complications of intravitreous silicone injection are cataract, glaucoma, and retinal changes. PMID- 6615307 TI - Intraocular hemangiopericytoma. AB - A 40-year-old woman had an intraocular lesion consistent with a choroidal hemangioma. Xenon arc photocoagulation was applied to reduce subretinal fluid, and the lesion remained stationary until the patient's death eight years later. The lesion was composed of spindle-shaped and ovoid cells with numerous inconspicuous capillaries. The tumor cells were surrounded by reticulin-positive fibers. The diagnosis of hemangiopericytoma was confirmed by electron microscopy, which demonstrated proliferating pericytes associated with basal lamina. Although hemangiopericytomas are occasionally found in the orbit, to our knowledge this report is the first of an intraocular hemangiopericytoma. Because the pericyte is an integral component of the choroidal vasculature, the origin of this tumor in the choroid is not unexpected. The diagnosis of hemangiopericytoma should be considered when evaluating vascular choroidal lesions. PMID- 6615308 TI - Chiasmatic and hypothalamic extension of optic nerve glioma. AB - An 11-year-old boy was found to have a left optic nerve glioma confined to the orbit and optic canal by clinical examination and computed tomographic (CT) scanning. Repeated neuroradiologic examinations demonstrated intracranial extension of tumor to involve the hypothalamus and third ventricle. Following craniotomy and verification of the diagnosis of glioma by biopsy, the patient underwent a course of radiotherapy that resulted in marked tumor regression. The potential for growth of optic nerve gliomas mandates careful neuroradiologic follow-up regardless of whether there is ophthalmologic deterioration. The natural history of "optic gliomas" remains unknown. PMID- 6615309 TI - Conjunctival myxoma. A clinicopathologic study of four cases and a review of the literature. AB - Myxomas are benign tumors that resemble a primitive mesenchyma and rarely occur in the conjunctiva. A clinicopathologic study of four new cases is reported, with a review of the clinical, structural, and behavioral characteristics of the previously reported eight cases. In this study, histochemical analysis of the mucous substance indicated that hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfates were present. On ultrastructural examination, the myxoma cell had secretory vacuoles and numerous intermediate-sized cytoplasmic filaments. Adults of an average age of 50.8 years were most often affected. The most common initial complaint was of a painless, slow-growing conjunctival mass, present for an average of 31 months. These tumors typically had a smooth, fleshy, gelatinous appearance. The high recurrence rate that has been noted in orbital and cardiac myxomas was not a feature of these conjunctival myxomas. With an average follow-up of 29 months, a single excision appeared to have been adequate treatment. PMID- 6615310 TI - Ocular tissue absorption of minocycline in the rabbit. AB - After intramuscular (IM) administration of minocycline hydrochloride, concentrations of the drug that would be adequate for the control of sensitive organisms (greater than 0.5 micrograms/g of tissue) were detectable in the cornea, iris, and retinochoroid 3, 6, and 12 hours after a single injection. The concentration of the drug in the aqueous humor was greater than in the vitreous humor. Following a single IM injection of 40 mg/kg, the drug level was found to be significantly higher in the iris and aqueous humor of pigmented rabbits than in the corresponding tissues of albino rabbits. The drug seems to concentrate in the pigmented layers of the ocular tissue. PMID- 6615311 TI - Vaulting characteristics of flexible loop anterior chamber intraocular lenses. AB - Fourteen flexible loop anterior chamber intraocular lenses were tested under controlled laboratory conditions. Lens vault was precisely measured as a function of loop compression and of force applied to the loops. A wide range of vaulting characteristics were observed. Some lenses did not vault at all while others vaulted more than the amount of compression. Advantages, disadvantages, and possible clinical implications of lens vault are discussed. PMID- 6615312 TI - Analysis of surface contaminants on intraocular lenses. AB - Surface contaminants have been studied on a variety of intraocular lenses by three methods: scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDXA), and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). Many particulate contaminants were observed on both commercially available lenses packaged for implantation and experimental batches of lenses. The nature of these particles could be inferred using the EDXA technique. Thin films of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) that were resistant to removal were found on many of the lenses by ESCA. Cleaning procedures were developed that did not involve SDS and that generated extremely clean lens surfaces. PMID- 6615313 TI - Ultrastructure of mast cells in rat ocular tissue undergoing anaphylaxis. AB - In a study of ocular tissues undergoing anaphylaxis, in uninjected rats most mast cells contained electron-dense granules with no discernible internal structure. A few cells showed varying degrees of swelling of the matrix granules. In rats injected with normal rabbit serum, more mast cells showed swelling of the granule matrix and a few showed extensive swelling of nearly all granules. Mast cells from rats undergoing anaphylaxis by either anti-IgE or antigen injection showed membrane and granule alterations: extensive dendritic processes, fusion of granule membranes, fusion between granule and plasma membranes, and disruption of plasma membranes. Communication was established between the exterior of the cell and contents of individual granules of cisternae formed by several fused granules. The matrix of nearly all granules was extensively swollen. PMID- 6615314 TI - A practical venomanometer. Measurement of episcleral venous pressure and assessment of the normal range. AB - Glaucomatous damage develops in certain patients because of elevated episcleral venous pressure (EVP). To measure the EVP in typical clinical settings, a practical and reliable instrument is needed. We have developed such an instrument, the venomanometer, and present tests of its reproducibility. The intraobserver reproducibility was 0.7 mm Hg, and the mean difference between the readings of two observers was 0.7 +/- 1.2 mm Hg. We then used the venomanometer to study the EVP in 122 eyes of 68 normal subjects distributed in seven age groups between 10 and 80 years. The EVP did not vary with age (mean, 7.6 +/- 1.3 mm Hg). This value is compared with those obtained with other instruments. PMID- 6615315 TI - Innovations in platysma rhytidectomy. AB - Cervical and submental deformities are the major complaints of many patients who have had rhytidectomies. Unfortunately, traditional rhytidectomy techniques have failed to provide satisfactory and lasting results in this region. During recent years, the superficial muscular aponeurotic system has been described and multiple platysma surgical techniques introduced. Our technique emphasizes a youthful cervical and submental region. It involves an anterior submental incision, total surgical excision of the anterior platysma bands, conservative submental lipectomy, routine rhytidectomy dissection, submandibular and mandibular fat contouring, and division and rotation of platysma flaps. This technique has been used for two years on 94 patients. There have been no complications specifically related to this technique. PMID- 6615316 TI - Rehabilitation of facial paralysis in children. AB - We report the experience and philosophy of the Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Disorders at the Cleveland Clinic in rehabilitation of facial paralysis in children 12 years old and younger. The causes and evaluation of facial paralysis in children and the options available for rehabilitation are considered, and the criteria, expectations, and limitations of successful rehabilitation are outlined. Depending on the limitations imposed by the clinical situation, the aims of treatment are as follows: (1) normal resting tonus, (2) symmetry at rest, (3) symmetry in motion, (4) no synkinesis, (5) appropriate mimetic function, (6) no significant loss of adjacent function, and (7) rapid return of function. Every attempt must be made to avoid causing any significant muscular or neurologic deficit and to avoid interfering with return of function of the seventh nerve, when that possibility exists. PMID- 6615317 TI - Alloplastic implants of the larynx. AB - Biocompatible Teflon fluorocarbon polymer (Proplast) and porous polyethylene (Plasti-Pore) are porous alloplastic implant materials that are widely used in reconstructive head and neck surgery. These two materials were used in our study as replacement grafts for defects in three groups of 12 canines. For the first time, Plasti-Pore was found equal and perhaps superior to Proplast in deep implantation, this in the anterior cricoid cartilage when the internal and external perichondrium were preserved. Rejection of both substances occurred when the implant was exposed to air and aerodigestive tract contaminants after the removal of the perichondrium, subglottic, and upper tracheal mucosa. Airway exposure to the alloplasts, even when lined with buccal mucosa, resulted in infection and extrusion, but at a much slower rate. PMID- 6615318 TI - A computerized nasal analysis system. AB - Critical analysis of an aesthetic surgeon's presurgical and postsurgical photographs may provide an excellent tool for self-assessment, research, and teaching. Techniques are presented that allowed precise definition by personnel other than the surgeon of each patient's deformities and the effects of surgery on them. Trigonometric formulas were developed and a computer was programmed to use the X and Y coordinates for facial landmarks to perform many calculations providing distances, angles, projections, and rotations relating to the rhinoplastic surgery. Cases are reported showing typical changes and some results not readily apparent in the photographs. Such data provide not only current analysis of individual cases, but they eventually will become a large data base that may be used to select groups of rhinoplastic cases having common degrees of deformity or of postoperative changes. PMID- 6615319 TI - Goblet-cell density in human bronchus in chronic bronchitis. AB - In 50 patients, up to six mucosal biopsy specimens were taken during bronchoscopy from the medial part of the trachea and from the main and lobe bronchi, and the density of goblet cells was studied using the whole-mount method. No significant differences in density were found between the trachea and the main or lobe bronchi in the normal patients or in the cases with abnormalities. In the normal patients, the interindividual median density was 127 cells per field corresponding to 7,200 cells/sq mm; in chronic bronchitis, there were 174 cells per field corresponding to 9,800 cells/sq mm. The goblet-cell density was found to be significantly higher in smokers than in nonsmokers. PMID- 6615320 TI - Compound action potential input-output decruitment. Effect of topically applied antiseptics. AB - The ototoxic effect of povidone-iodine antiseptics topically applied to the chinchilla round window was examined with particular emphasis on the action potential (AP) input-output function at 2 and 4 kHz. A group of chinchillas exhibited a marked elevation of AP threshold at 8 and 12 kHz, with only a slight threshold elevation at 2 and 4 kHz. A distinct decruitment (less than normal growth of response with increasing sound intensity) of the AP input-output function was, however, found at the lower frequencies. There are implications of an ototoxically induced high-frequency hearing loss on speech frequencies. PMID- 6615321 TI - Vectorelectronystagmography. A new analysis technique. AB - We propose herein a new system of derivation for vectorelectronystagmography that minimizes the errors in interpretation of eye movement from the experimental data. The conventional three-point analysis may result in errors as large as 35% in comparison with the proposed technique. PMID- 6615322 TI - Recurrent meningitis due to a congenital fistula in the stapedial footplate. AB - A patient with recurrent meningitis had spontaneous CSF leakage from the fistula of the stapedial footplate. The patient was a 7-year-old boy with profuse CSF otorrhea, proved by myringotomy. A roentgenographic examination and computed tomography scan of the temporal bone demonstrated an abnormal bony labyrinth. During the operation, a leak was found at the fistula of the stapedial footplate. Surgical obliteration of the fistula with temporal muscle and fascia has prevented the recurrence of meningitis. PMID- 6615323 TI - Spontaneous retropharyngeal and cervical subcutaneous emphysema in adults. AB - The presence of air in the retropharyngeal and cervical subcutaneous spaces of the neck in association with the acute onset of severe odynophagia and dysphagia is an uncommonly recognized initial feature of pneumomediastinum. Free air in the mediastinum extends into the neck via fascial planes. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a self-limited disorder that can be confused with Boerhaave's syndrome (spontaneous esophageal perforation), which is potentially fatal. The diagnosis is established radiologically. PMID- 6615324 TI - Laryngeal problems in the scimitar syndrome. AB - The scimitar syndrome is a congenital anomaly of the venous system of the right lung. This diagnosis is suspected when a scimitarlike shadow is found on the thoracic roentgenogram; the definitive diagnosis is made by angiography when an abnormal outflow of the venous system of the right lung is found. Dyspnea and recurrent infections are the most prominent clinical feature. In a child with the scimitar syndrome, a laryngeal anomaly was found that caused stridor from birth onwards. A right-sided arytenoidectomy was performed with relief of all the symptoms. The follow-up period has been two years. PMID- 6615325 TI - Predictive value of cervical dilatation rate in primipara and multipara labour. PMID- 6615326 TI - Serum Zinc levels in pregnant women, under oral contraceptive therapy and in normal (ovulating) women. PMID- 6615327 TI - The effect of intra-uterine device on the endometrial pattern. PMID- 6615328 TI - Kielland's forceps for deep transverse arrest. PMID- 6615329 TI - Rupture of the pregnant uterus. PMID- 6615330 TI - M-mode echocardiographic assessment between normal heart rate and bradycardia in one twin at 36 weeks gestation. PMID- 6615331 TI - Adjunctive use of Laminaria tents for termination of early mid-trimester pregnancy with intramuscular 15(S)-15-methyl PGF2 alpha. PMID- 6615333 TI - Discrepancy of endometrial dating in mid-luteal phase of hyperprolactinemic women. PMID- 6615332 TI - Use of contraceptives in three south-east Asian countries. PMID- 6615334 TI - Isaptent (DILEX-C) a new aid for cervical dilatation in termination of first trimester of pregnancy. PMID- 6615335 TI - Effects of sex-steroid hormones on growth and hormone receptor levels of human uterine leiomyosarcoma cells in vitro. PMID- 6615336 TI - The guinea pig hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal complex in organ culture for oxytocin studies. PMID- 6615337 TI - The American Medical Association/American Academy of Otolaryngology formula for determination of hearing handicap. AB - The main problem in attempting to estimate auditory handicap from easily measured indices such as pure-tone sensitivity or intelligibility scores for numbers, words or sentences is that no criterion to establish validity has received wide acceptance. Even though few would disagree with the definition of handicap accepted by the American Medical Association: 'the disadvantage imposed by an impairment sufficient to affect the individual's efficiency in the activities of daily living', this definition is so vague that it is of little practical value. Consequently, all formulae to rate handicap are based on assumptions of a more or less arbitrary nature. A dozen such assumptions are shown to underly the formula of the American Medical Association/American Academy of Otolaryngology. PMID- 6615338 TI - Hearing, hearing impairment, and the audible world: a theoretical essay. AB - In contrast to traditional understandings about hearing, based on physics and physiology, the ecological model permits development of a perspective on hearing in relation to the audible features and characteristics of the real, day-to-day world. An ecological account, furthermore, addresses the perceiver's role more adequately, allowing the description of 'hearing acts' typically undertaken in relation to the audible world. The affordances or utilities of the audible world for the normally hearing perceiver having been understood - and the most crucial affordance is ongoing sustainment of social selves - a model of the hearing impaired actor is advanced that incorporates the concept of 'management of spoiled identity'. The implications for practitioners' attitudes in assessment and rehabilitation are discussed. PMID- 6615339 TI - Influence of age and sex on hearing threshold levels in workers exposed to different intensity levels of occupational noise. AB - The influence of age, sex and duration of exposure on hearing threshold level (HTL) was assessed in male and female workers exposed to occupational noise. The noise intensities were of 83 and 98 dB (A) continuous equivalent level. Large differences were noted between males and females exposed to 98 dB (A) as well as between males exposed to 98 and 83 dB (A). We concluded that exposure to 98 dB (A) accelerates the evolution of hearing loss, this trend being more pronounced in males. The 83-dB (A) intensity apparently induces a hearing loss above the values due to socioacusis. To evaluate the noxious effect of noise, the HTLs obtained in the group exposed to 98 and 83-dB (A) were compared to those of the non-exposed group of Royster and Thomas. The highest difference was found in males exposed to 98 dB (A). PMID- 6615340 TI - Tinnitus pitch and acoustic trauma. AB - 56 Subjects complaining of tinnitus underwent an audiometric test and a test for identifying the analogous pitch of their tinnitus. All of the subjects reported that they had been exposed to noise in the past. The subjects were divided into two groups on the basis of their audiometric test results. Group P was composed of subjects who showed a sensorineural hearing loss typical of acoustic trauma. Group N was composed of subjects whose hearing was within normal limits. The pitch of the tinnitus in group P was concentrated in the high-frequency range, whereas in group N tinnitus pitch values were distributed over the low and mid audiometric frequency spectrum. It was deduced that different processes are involved in the generation of tinnitus in the two groups. PMID- 6615341 TI - Monaural and binaural intensity discrimination in normal and cochlear-impaired listeners. AB - Monaural and binaural intensity difference limens for 75-dB SPL pure tones were determined for 6 normal subjects and for 6 subjects with cochlear hearing loss. The magnitude of binaural masking level difference (BMLD) was also determined. Both normal and hearing-impaired subjects showed a 0.45-dB binaural advantage for intensity discrimination. In contrast, the BMLD was appreciably reduced with hearing impairment. Results are discussed in terms of specific effects of hearing loss on binaural hearing. PMID- 6615342 TI - Lifelong susceptibility to acoustic trauma: changing patterns of cochlear damage over the life span of the mouse. AB - Age-related differences in susceptibility to noise-induced threshold shift (NITS) were examined over the entire life span of the CBA/J mouse. Mice of varying ages were given a single 5-min exposure to a 124-dB octave-band (12-24 kHz) noise. Susceptibility began at 15-16 days postpartum and increased rapidly until approximately 20 days of age. During this phase, NITS (as measured by increased action potential threshold) was greatest at 16 kHz. Overall susceptibility was consistently high from 20 to 90 days. During this phase, NITS became most severe at 32 kHz. From 120 days until beyond the end of its actuarial life span (527 days), NITS no longer occurred at 2-16 kHz, but the 64-kHz response retained its susceptibility to acoustic trauma. Mice at 20 and 60 days of age showed the same pattern of decreasing susceptibility as the intensity of the noise exposure was reduced to 114 and 104 dB, indicating that the absence of a tightly restricted critical period is not peculiar to a particular sound pressure level. PMID- 6615343 TI - Disparity in the cytocochleogram and the electrocochleogram in aging LP/J and A/J inbred mice. AB - The auditory systems of aging LP/J and A/J inbred mice were studied using electrocochleography (AP thresholds) and surface preparation cytocochleography. Both strains showed marked age-related auditory threshold elevation, the LP/J demonstrating more pronounced elevation with age than the A/J. Surprisingly, the cytocochleograms showed the opposite relationship: the A/J strain had more loss of hair cells than the LP/J. The elevation of AP thresholds of the LP/J mouse was far out of proportion to the expected auditory deficit on the basis of the cytocochleogram alone. Auditory deficits in the aging LP/J mouse must be due to factors other than anatomical loss of sensory cells. PMID- 6615344 TI - Hearing in congenital hypothyroidism. AB - The hearing profile of children with congenital hypothyroidism was studied in 45 patients with thyroid gland agenesis, hypogenesis or dyshormogenesis, during adequate substitution therapy. Preliminary, secretory otitis media was found in 6 patients under the age of 6 years; in these children, hearing assessment was performed after cure of the middle ear effusion. Hearing threshold was measured either by conventional pure-tone audiometry or conditioned orientation reflex audiometry according to the patient's age (above and below 4 years). In 36 patients (80%) the auditory thresholds were normal; in the remaining 9 patients (20%) a sensorineural hearing loss of different degree was detected; in 5 cases (11%) the deafness was important and required auditory rehabilitation, with the use of a hearing aid in 4 of them. No relation could be found between hearing acuity and bone age at diagnosis of hypothyroidism or aetiology of thyroid dysfunction. It is concluded that in about one tenth of the children with congenital hypothyroidism a substantial deafness persists. The sensorineural nature of the hearing loss is in agreement with reported histological findings in congenital hypothyroid animals, where an immature development of the organ of Corti including hair cells and tectorial membrane has been observed. PMID- 6615345 TI - Post concussion syndrome hypoglycemia and Agent Orange. PMID- 6615346 TI - Long term needs of children and parents with chronic life threatening diseases. PMID- 6615347 TI - Care of the dying. Relevance of the hospice concept to general practice. AB - Care of a hospice type can be offered by any general practitioner who is interested in care of the dying; is prepared to share in professional team work; knows the skill of prescribing for symptom relief; and who is prepared to spend that extra time and effort to foresee and alleviate the many problems facing a family when one of them is dying. Steps to be taken in terminal care: 1. Try to predict the likely course of events. 2. Have a clear plan of management, based on your predictions, which can be explained to the patient and family members as needs change. 3. Involve the relatives in your care plan as much as possible. 4. Keep in close communication with the nurses and other professionals providing care. PMID- 6615348 TI - When death is imminent. Teaching undergraduate medical students about terminal care. PMID- 6615350 TI - Bereaved families and funeral directors. An opportunity for care and trust. PMID- 6615349 TI - Differences in cultural attitudes towards death and dying. PMID- 6615351 TI - Caring for elderly relatives. Effects on families. PMID- 6615353 TI - Picking up the pieces. The aftermaths of three deaths. PMID- 6615352 TI - Devastating injury in adolescents: does society have a responsibility to the victims? PMID- 6615354 TI - How to succeed in practice by really trying. Do you know what your patient wants? Try a survey. PMID- 6615355 TI - Early intervention in visual handicap. PMID- 6615356 TI - Counselling skills not taught. PMID- 6615358 TI - Disc prolapse: a personal experience. PMID- 6615357 TI - Pain below the knee. PMID- 6615359 TI - Trauma in children's sport. AB - Sport and physical activity are highly desirable components of normal development in children. They contribute towards health, fitness, achievement and the discipline required to learn and associate with peers. It is important to provide adequate supervision and skills coaching in order to avoid injuries and foster ongoing interest in exercise programmes. The child athlete is susceptible to several unique injuries due to the normal growth process and the practitioner needs to be aware of these and familiar with the diagnosis and management of such conditions in order to protect the wellbeing and development of his child athlete patients. PMID- 6615360 TI - The strange case of Doctor Jack. PMID- 6615361 TI - Graph of the month. Barlow's syndrome- mitral valve prolapse. PMID- 6615362 TI - Who goes to a natural therapist? Why? AB - This survey investigated the understanding and attitudes of 38 patients using alternative therapies and their reasons for doing so. Although the small sample could bias the results, the article opens the subject for discussion and could serve as a model for a larger survey from which more valid conclusions could be drawn. PMID- 6615363 TI - Some benign paroxysmal disorders of childhood. PMID- 6615364 TI - The effect of intravenous injection of lidocaine on the auditory system. AB - Lidocaine hydrochloride was intravenously injected into guinea pigs. Auditory evoked brain stem response (ABR) to clicks, whole nerve action potential (AP) and summating potential (SP) to clicks and 4 kHz tone bursts, and cochlear microphonics (CM) to 4 kHz tone bursts were recorded during a 60 min period following injection. Injection of a small dosage of lidocaine (4 mg/kg body weight) failed to produce any significant change in ABR wave III, AP and CM. However, a large dosage of lidocaine (20 mg/kg) influenced ABR and AP, but had no observable effect on CM. Latency of ABR wave III was prolonged, but its amplitude remained unchanged. Change in the case of 4 kHz tone burst-evoked AP was more pronounced than that in the case of the click-evoked AP. The 4 kHz tone burst evoked AP showed an initial increase in amplitude, which was followed by a gradual decrease. Latency of both click and 4 kHz tone burst-evoked AP did not show any changes. The amplitude of SP showed more variation during the course of the test period following lidocaine injection than did either ABR or AP, however, SP decreased in its amplitude approximately 60 min after lidocaine injection. Complete disappearance of ABR and AP, followed by recovery of ABR and AP, was observed in animals given a larger dose (30 mg/kg) of lidocaine. CM did not completely die out, and in fact sustained only about a 75% decay in its amplitude. From the above results, it should be concluded that lidocaine, when injected intravenously, affects ABR and AP significantly more than CM. PMID- 6615365 TI - Ectopic tonsillar tissue in the nasal septum. AB - A rare case of hypertrophied lymphoid tissue in the nasal septum considered to be an ectopic tonsil was reported. The patient was a 53-year-old male, and a polypoid mass attached to the septal wall by a stalk was removed. Histological examination showed that the tumour was an ectopic hyperplastic tonsil presenting in the nasal septum. The pathogenesis of this tumour was not clear, but it was considered as hyperplasia or a new formation of primary or secondary lymphoid follicles. This is the first case report of such a rare condition. PMID- 6615366 TI - Evaluation of alaryngeal voice quality by nonparametric procedures. AB - Alaryngeal voice quality was evaluated based on nonparametric statistics. Twenty voice samples of the vowel /e/ were recorded from sixteen alaryngeal and four normal speakers, and were randomized and presented to twenty normal listeners. The listeners rated the voices using seven-point scales consisting of twelve pairs of polar-opposite adjectives. By means of nonparametric procedures such as the Wilcoxon signed rank test, significant differences in the rating scores were detected for certain combinations of the voice samples, the classes of voicing methods, the listeners and the rating scales. Quality of the alaryngeal voices differed significantly from that of the normal voices on some of the rating scales. The results suggest the nonparametric procedures are useful to evaluate alaryngeal voice quality. PMID- 6615367 TI - Tonotopic representation and space map in the non-primary auditory cortex of the mustached bat. AB - As auditory system has no sensory epithelium into which auditory space are projected, we studied the physiological map of the auditory space in the non primary auditory cortex of the mustached bat by using the echo of their orientation sound. Ten bats were used as experimental subjects. Tungsten wire electrodes were inserted obliquely in the dorsomedial (DM) and ventroposterior (VP) areas of the non-primary auditory cortex. When single neuron was isolated, best frequency (BF), best azymuth (BAZ) and best elevation (BEL) were measured and were plotted on a schematic figure. To mimic its biosonar, one loudspeaker, delivering synthesized orientation sounds, was placed in front of the animal, and another loudspeaker delivering synthesized echo was mounted on a movable hoop. Tonotopic representation was observed but complicated in both areas, and those areas could be divided into several subdivisions consisting of the neuron groups characterized by three frequency bands. The neurons were thought to be related to the processing of biosonar informations from the facts that their BFs agreed with the scope of the FM sweep of each echo harmonics. The magnitude of the response showed rapid increase at their BAZ or BEL, so that the neurons seemed to tune to a certain direction in the auditory space. Especially in the DM area, neurons assumed a systematic arrangement of their BAZs on the cerebral surface and showed some tendency of a systematic arrangement of their BELs. The DM area was thought to have a kind of neural map of the auditory space. PMID- 6615368 TI - Control of alpha-mannosidosis in Angus cattle. AB - Tests for the detection of animals heterozygous for alpha-mannosidosis were undertaken on samples taken from 34,203 cattle registered with the Angus Society of Australia. Results indicates 1,836 (5.4%) of the animals were heterozygotes. Heterozygotes were detected in 214 (51%) of the herds examined. PMID- 6615369 TI - Seasonal variation in anthelmintic response by cattle to dermally applied levamisole. AB - Four experiments in 1978-79, and 2 in 1982 designed to define the optimum dose rate of dermally applied formulations of levamisole are described. These experiments showed that the absorption of levamisole with resultant blood levels and anthelmintic activity is strongly influenced by temperature. In warm to hot conditions percutaneous absorption is rapid and high blood levels with high anthelmintic activity against Haemonchus placei, Ostertagi sp, Trichostrongylus sp, Cooperia sp, Oesophagostomum radiatum, O. venulosum and Dictyocaulus viviparus result from dose rates of 10 mg/kg or more. In cold weather the high efficacy against H. placei, Cooperia sp, and Oesophagostomum sp is unchanged, but efficacy against Ostertagia sp, T. axei and D. viviparus decreases to the extent that a mean dose rate of 20 mg/kg (range 15 to 25 mg/kg) is necessary if the anthelmintic activity of dermally applied levamisole is to match that of either parenterally or orally administered material. These anthelmintic data are supported by the levamisole blood profile which in winter months, peaks at a figure of one quarter or less of that obtained from a similar dose rate in warm conditions. The implications of this variability in action are discussed. PMID- 6615370 TI - Isolations and serology of bovine spumavirus. PMID- 6615371 TI - Nodular necrobiosis in a horse. PMID- 6615372 TI - Positional and postural changes of the foetus prior to and during parturition in cattle. PMID- 6615373 TI - Prevalence of some gastrointestinal parasites in cats in the Perth area. PMID- 6615374 TI - Atrophic rhinitis of pigs. PMID- 6615375 TI - Probable dermatophilosis in 2 cats. PMID- 6615376 TI - An abattoir survey of the prevalence of facial eczema in sheep in Western Australia. PMID- 6615377 TI - A behavioral profile of two dystrophic mouse strains. PMID- 6615378 TI - Genotype effects on spurts and plateaus of behavioral development in mice. PMID- 6615379 TI - The influence of exogenous progesterone on selected lines of mice divergent for maternal nesting. PMID- 6615380 TI - Nerve conduction velocity in mice: a new method with results and analysis of variation. PMID- 6615381 TI - Genetic selection for growth rate alters hypothalamic satiety mechanisms in chickens. PMID- 6615382 TI - Evidence for gene-environment interaction in the development of adolescent antisocial behavior. PMID- 6615383 TI - Inverted versus straight handwriting posture: a family study. PMID- 6615384 TI - Carbon monoxide levels and rates of consumption after changing to low tar and nicotine cigarettes. PMID- 6615385 TI - Four process studies in the behavioral treatment of chronic headache. PMID- 6615386 TI - College women coping with depression. PMID- 6615387 TI - Self-efficacy and behaviour as predictors of subsequent behaviour in an Assertiveness Training Programme. PMID- 6615388 TI - Mood and the self-reference bias in recall. PMID- 6615389 TI - The effects of vicarious experience and stimulus intensity on pain termination and work avoidance. PMID- 6615390 TI - Stimulus control applications to the treatment of worry. PMID- 6615391 TI - The restraint scale: a psychometric investigation. PMID- 6615392 TI - Two factors of restraint: concern for dieting and weight fluctuation. PMID- 6615393 TI - Behavioral training for myopia: generalization of effects. PMID- 6615394 TI - The treatment of sleep-maintenance insomnia with stimulus-control techniques. PMID- 6615395 TI - Prognostic utility of Locus of Control in treatment of agoraphobia. PMID- 6615396 TI - Ultrastructural and cytochemical study of a mucous gland of the foot of Mytilus galloprovincialis. AB - The ultrastructural study of the ventral pair mucous gland (VPMG) of the foot of Mytilus galloprovincialis shows the presence of two cell types (type I and II cells) characterized by the cytoarchitecture typical of mucous secreting cells and distinct for the different structure of their secretory granules. The cytochemical tests performed on semithin (1 micron) and ultrathin sections show that type I secretory granules are made up of proteinaceous nucleoids and of a microfilamentous matrix containing both carboxylated and sulphated glycosaminoglycans. Type II secretory granules are mainly formed by glycoproteins. The ultrastructural and cytochemical studies do not support the hypothesis that VPMG secretions directly contribute to the formation of byssus threads. It is more probable that such secretions provide a protective and lubricating blanket during the multistep process of secretion, moulding and extrusion of byssus threads. PMID- 6615397 TI - A statistical approach to the analysis of phenomena of frequency potentiation of isolated myocardial strips. AB - To analyze the influence of the pattern of stimulation on contractility, isolated myocardial strips of guinea pigs have been stimulated in a pseudo-random sequence of intervals. By this stimulation method, which is analogous to the RR-interval sequence during cardiac arrhythmia, it is possible to get a large variety of different contractions. Using methods of correlation and regression analysis, and especially methods of time series analysis, it is possible to study the relations between properties of succeeding contractions. To describe the time course of the isometric force, a multiple regression model was established. The model parameters are estimated from a pseudo-random sequence of contractions, and in an economical parameter selection procedure the input variables, which have a substantial influence on the properties of one contraction, are identified. As a result of this procedure we found that at least properties of 4 to 6 preceding contractions have a substantial influence on one contraction. It is not possible to find indicators for frequency potentiation by free eye in the pseudo-random sequence of contractions. We can show that these effects are present when the behaviour of the contractility is simulated using the regression model, whose input variables are the intervals for different stimulation frequencies. This indicates that processes lasting longer than one contraction are responsible for the effects of frequency potentiation. PMID- 6615398 TI - Relaxation in atrial and ventricular myocardium: activation decay and different load sensitivity. AB - Isolated atrial and ventricular preparations from rat heart have been compared. In atrial specimens relaxation is faster than in papillary muscles both in isometric and isotonic conditions. In papillary muscles the tension decay occurs earlier in isotonic than isometric contractions and a stretch applied at or after the peak of isometric twitches promotes a faster relaxation: this load dependence of relaxation is less pronounced in atrial specimens. The decay of activation, evaluated from the decline of the muscle shortening ability, is faster in atrium than in ventricle. These findings suggest that the sensitivity of relaxation to the loading conditions might be determined by both the activation decay rate and the cross bridge kinetics. PMID- 6615399 TI - The effects of oral nafazatrom (= BAY g 6575) on canine coronary artery thrombosis and myocardial ischemia. AB - The in-vivo effects of the new antithrombotic compound nafazatrom on experimental thrombosis of the left circumflex coronary artery, on hemodynamics and on ultimate infarct size were studied in pentobarbital-anesthetized, open-chest dogs. Coronary artery thrombosis was induced by low amperage stimulation (150 microA, DC for 6 hr) of the circumflex artery intimal lining. The effects of oral pretreatment of 1%-Tylose suspension as drug diluent and 5 mg/kg nafazatrom plus vehicle were determined. Both agents were administered twice a day before onset of current stimulation. In the drug vehicle group, coronary thrombosis caused severe hemodynamic alterations, e.g. blood pressure and left ventricular pressure decrease, as well as reduction in the LV dP/dtmax associated with increases in end-diastolic filling pressure and heart rate. Time to coronary artery occlusion was delayed by nafazatrom (5.2 +/- 1.1 vs 3.1 +/- 0.4 hr, p less than 0.05). Smaller blood pressure and LV dP/dtmax reductions and minor heart rate and filling pressure increases around the time of thrombus formation suggested cardioprotection with the drug. Smaller R wave changes and S-T segment elevation indicated minor ischemia at the time of occlusive coronary artery occlusion in nafazatrom-treated hearts (24 +/- 0.5 vs 72 +/- 7% ST segment elevation, p less than 0.01). Thrombus wet weight was 18.4 +/- 2.6 mg in the nafazatrom group, but 63.7 +/- 3.1 mg in controls (p less than 0.01). Thus, ultimate infarct size was smaller in nafazatrom-treated hearts as related to left ventricular mass (8.4 +/- 1.4 vs 32.3 +/- 3.1%, p less than 0.02) or to the occluded artery perfusion area at risk for infarction (16 +/- 3.4 vs 53 +/- 6.2%, p less than 0.05). No ex-vivo effect of nafazatrom on collagen-induced platelet aggregation was observed. These results may indicate efficacy of the drug in prevention of acute coronary artery disease as one cause of ischemic jeopardy of the myocardium and/or therapeutic value in coronary artery spasm. PMID- 6615400 TI - Effects of epinephrine and perfusion pressure on the peak aortic pressure development and glucose transport in the isolated perfused heart of normal and diabetic rats. AB - The effects of increased perfusion pressure and epinephrine stimulation on the contractile parameters and glucose transport in the isolated perfused hearts of control and ketotic diabetic rats were studied. An increase in perfusion pressure from 60 mm Hg to 100 mm Hg resulted in increases in coronary flow and peak aortic pressure development in control and diabetic hearts. The responses of the diabetic heart were similar to the control. Epinephrine produced lower increments in peak aortic pressure development in control and diabetic hearts under the higher perfusion pressure. Glucose uptake, although stimulated about 4-fold in both control and diabetic hearts on increasing the perfusion pressure, was still lower in the diabetic heart. Epinephrine stimulated glucose uptake in both control and diabetic hearts at 60 mm Hg, but the control heart showed a greater response. At 100 mm Hg perfusion pressure, the stimulatory effect of epinephrine on glucose uptake was abolished in both control and diabetic hearts. The results of this study show that the contractile and glucose stimulatory effects of epinephrine were influenced by the perfusion pressure. Epinephrine did not correct the impairment in glucose transport in the diabetic heart. PMID- 6615401 TI - Production of cardiac lesions with tyramine in intact rats. Studies on serum and myocardial creatine kinase activity changes and ultrastructural aspects. PMID- 6615402 TI - Decreased incidence of ventricular fibrillation after an acute coronary artery ligation in exercised pigs. AB - Evidence has been presented that regular physical activity may be associated with a decreased incidence of sudden cardiac death. It has been suggested that self selection of those engaging in regular exercise rather than the physical activity itself is a major factor in explaining these results. We therefore studied the effects of a two-month exercise program on the incidence of ventricular fibrillation after an acute ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery in domestic Yorkshire pigs. At the end of the exercise program, the exercised group (EG, n = 17) had a lower heart rate (10%), a 5 times higher maximum exercise capacity, a 10% larger left ventricular mass and a thicker myocardial wall during end-diastole than a sedentary group (SG, n = 13). After the animals were anesthetized, the LAD artery was occluded at one third of its distal end. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) occurred in 92% of the SG (12 out of 13) against only 30% of the EG (5 out of 17) within 1 hour after occlusion. Percentage of the area at risk was the same (9-10% of total left ventricular mass) in both the EG and SG. Transmural myocardial perfusion after coronary artery ligation was slightly larger in EG than in SG (30 vs 21 ml . min-1 . 100 g 1, p less than 0.05). Although the improvement in perfusion of the ischemic zone of the EG may have contributed to the reduced occurrence of ventricular fibrillation, other mechanisms cannot be excluded. PMID- 6615404 TI - [Unstable hip of the newborn infant and subsequent hip dysplasia]. PMID- 6615405 TI - [Economic and social aspects of the treatment of hand injuries]. PMID- 6615403 TI - Early shunting of 9 microns and 15 microns tracer microspheres from the acutely ischemic canine myocardium. AB - Recent reports have shown considerably differing results for myocardial shunting of 9 microns and 15 microns tracer microspheres (TMs) under various conditions. This could restrict the use of TMs for myocardial, especially collateral blood flow measurements. To determine the importance of coronary collateral blood flow and its early changes during the first 30 minutes after acute coronary artery occlusion (i.e. the 1st arrhythmic phase), we studied the shunting of 9 microns and 15 microns TMs from the ischemic myocardium during acute LAD ligation. In anesthetized dogs these TMs and subsequently Ringer solution were infused into the occluded coronary artery just distal to the ligation with constant low perfusion pressure. TM shunting (%S) into the lungs was then determined (%S = total lung radioactivity . 100/radioactivity infused). During a single LAD occlusion lasting 35 minutes (series I, n = 10) 9 microns TMs were infused immediately and 30 minutes after ligation, 15 microns TMs being infused after 15 20 minutes. In series II (n = 6) 9 microns TMs were infused immediately during the 1st, short (5 minutes) LAD occlusion. Following 90 minutes of reperfusion a 2nd LAD ligation (35 minutes) was performed with 9 microns TMs being infused immediately and 30 minutes after occlusion. During the first 30 minutes of acute coronary artery occlusion, TM shunting from the ischemic myocardium is negligible for 15 microns TMs (%S less than 0.5%; n = 5), whereas the mean 9 microns TM shunt of the early applied TM (i.e. A1, series I; n = 9; B2, series II; n = 6) amounts to a maximum of 1.21 +/- 0.2% (X +/- SEM). After 30 minutes of occlusion the mean 9 microns TM shunt amounts only to 0.71 +/- 0.15% (i.e. C1, series I; n = 4; C2, series II; n = 4). - In a coronary artery occlusion repeated once, 9 microns TM shunting, while increasing slightly due to the 90 minutes of reperfusion, still amounts to only 1.73 +/- 0.41% (n = 6). In three experiments 9 microns TMs were infused into the unoccluded, normally perfused LCX coronary artery during LAD occlusion. The mean LCX shunt value of 4% after a mean time of 25 minutes following TM infusion is in very good agreement with the 9 microns TM shunt values in the literature. These results clearly demonstrate that the TM technique with 9 microns microspheres is suitable for measuring changes in coronary collateral blood flow at least for a short time period after acute coronary artery occlusion. PMID- 6615406 TI - [Results of surgical treatment of pseudarthrosis of the scaphoid bone of the hand]. PMID- 6615407 TI - [Intraosseous compression osteosynthesis of the dens axis fracture--an alternative therapeutic concept?]. PMID- 6615408 TI - [Surgical method for treatment of chondromalacia of the patella]. PMID- 6615409 TI - [Experiences with spinal anesthesia in alloarthroplasty of the hip joint]. PMID- 6615410 TI - [Erythrocyte antibody rosette test in chickens with hereditary dysgammaglobulinemia and normal gammaglobulinemia]. PMID- 6615411 TI - [Course of natural Cryptosporidium infections on 4 cattle-breeding farms]. PMID- 6615412 TI - [X-ray imaging of the navicular bone]. PMID- 6615413 TI - [Endogenous development of Strongylus vulgaris]. PMID- 6615414 TI - [Demonstration of Campylobacter jejuni in fecal samples from dogs]. PMID- 6615415 TI - [Field trials to control the bee tick Varroa jacobsoni with Folbex-VA-NEU and biotechnical measures on a bee farm in Tunisia]. PMID- 6615416 TI - A proton-nuclear-magnetic-resonance study of human somatotropin (growth hormone). Assignment and properties of the histidine residues. AB - The 1H-n.m.r. spectra of human somatotropin (growth hormone) show perturbed peaks from individual aromatic and aliphatic apolar residues, characteristic of a specifically folded globular structure. The imidazole C-2-H resonances of the histidine residues (at positions 18, 21 and 151 in the somatotropin sequence) were individually resolved, and their titration behaviour in the pH range 1.2 11.5 was investigated. The imidazole C-2-H resonance of histidine-151 is assigned, by comparison of its titration behaviour in human somatotropin and desamido-somatotropin (Asn-152 leads to Asp-152). The C-2-H resonances of all three histidine residues are assigned, by comparison of their relative deuterium exchange rates (determined by n.m.r.) and the relative tritium-exchange rates of the histidine residues (determined by tryptic digestion of tritiated human somatotropin and reversed-phase high-pressure liquid-chromatographic separation of the histidine-containing tryptic peptides). There is evidence that histidine 18 forms an ion-pair bond with a glutamic acid or aspartic acid residue. The globular structure does not appear to change from pH3 to 11.5, though there is evidence for an unfolding of a region of the structure (involving histidine-21 and a tyrosine residue) below pH3. PMID- 6615417 TI - Some properties of cardiac troponin T structure. AB - Troponin T is eluted in multiple peaks when the whole bovine cardiac troponin complex is subjected to DEAE-cellulose chromatography in the presence of 8 M urea. The heterogeneity observed is due to the presence of two forms of troponin T, differing in their Mr values, amino acid content, degree of phosphorylation and aggregation. Cardiac troponin T contains up to 0.8 mol of phosphate/mol of protein. Rabbit skeletal-muscle troponin T kinase phosphorylates the single site located in the N-terminal pentapeptide of cardiac troponin T. The composition of this peptide, (Ser,Asx,Glx,Glx)Val, is similar to that of skeletal-muscle troponin T. The single thiol group of cardiac troponin T is located some 50-70 residues from the N-terminus. The C-terminal sequence of cardiac troponin T is Trp-Lys, i.e. as is the case of skeletal-muscle troponin T. PMID- 6615418 TI - Differential responses of cyclic GMP-dependent and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases to synthetic peptide inhibitors. AB - The peptide Arg-Lys-Arg-Ala-Arg-Lys-Glu was synthesized and tested as an inhibitor of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase. This synthetic peptide is a non phosphorylatable analogue of a substrate peptide corresponding to a phosphorylation site (serine-32) in histone H2B. The peptide was a competitive inhibitor of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase with respect to synthetic peptide substrates, with a Ki value of 86 microM. However, it did not inhibit phosphorylation of intact histones by cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase under any conditions tested. Arg-Lys-Arg-Ala-Arg-Lys-Glu competitively inhibited the phosphorylation of either peptides or histones by the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, with similar Ki values (550 microM) for both of these substrates. The peptide Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ala-Leu-Gly, which was previously reported to be a selective inhibitor of both peptide and histone phosphorylation by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, was a poor inhibitor of cyclic GMP dependent protein kinase acting on peptide substrates (Ki = 800 microM), but did not inhibit phosphorylation of histones by cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase. The selectivity of these synthetic peptide inhibitors toward either cyclic GMP dependent or cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases is probably based on differences in the determinants of substrate specificity recognized by these two enzymes. It is concluded that histones interact differently with cyclic GMP dependent protein kinase from the way they do with the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. PMID- 6615419 TI - Immunological relationship between peroxidases in eosinophils, uterus and other tissues of the rat. AB - A rabbit antibody against purified pig intestinal peroxidase was shown by means of Western blotting and immunodetection to bind to peroxidases in various rat tissues, including eosinophils, uterus, uterine fluid and mammary tumours, and also to bind to bovine lactoperoxidase. The peroxidase in all rat tissues had an Mr of 53 000, except for uterine fluid, in which the cross-reacting band had an Mr of 80 000. The results indicate that while some of the peroxidase present in uterine tissue could be derived from eosinophils, the enzyme secreted into the lumen of the uterus is likely to have a different origin. They also suggest that mammary tumour peroxidase could originate from infiltration by eosinophils. PMID- 6615420 TI - Altered glycosaminoglycan production in cultured osteogenesis-imperfecta skin fibroblasts. AB - Collagen and glycosaminoglycan syntheses were studied in skin fibroblasts cultured from patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and from age-matched controls. Collagen synthesis (measured as protein-bound [3H]hydroxyproline) was decreased in all four OI cell lines studied in the present experiments, comprising 16-24% of total protein synthesis (40% in normal cells). Hyaluronic acid production in OI skin fibroblasts per cell was higher than in age-matched controls, but the production of sulphated glycosaminoglycans was at the normal level. Thus the ratio of the hyaluronic acid and sulphated-glycosaminoglycan radioactivities was markedly higher in OI cultures than in control cultures, especially at the exponential phase of growth where the synthesis of hyaluronic acid was highest. Hyaluronic acid in OI had a normal molecular weight when determined by gel filtration on Sepharose 2B. The removal of high-molecular weight hyaluronic acid from the medium by hyaluronidase had no effect on the rate of collagen secretion in OI cell line 1 (A.T.C.C. 1262), in which the rate of collagen secretion was lowest. PMID- 6615421 TI - Protein-mediated lipid transfer. The effects of lipid-phase transition and of charged lipids. AB - The protein-mediated phospholipid exchange between small unilamellar vesicles was investigated by fluorescence polarization measurements with diphenylhexatriene as optical probe. Thermotropic phase-transition measurements were taken after mixing two vesicle preparations of distinct and different phase-transition temperatures or having different states of charge. From the heights of each phase-transition step, we were able to follow the lipid-exchange process in the presence, as well as in the absence (natural exchange), of so-called transfer protein isolated from beef liver. A strong enhancement of the lipid transfer was observed at the corresponding lipid-phase-transition temperature, which is explained by the presence of fluctuating fluid and ordered domains co-existing at the lipid-phase transition temperature. A unidirectional lipid transfer of the neutral component was observed between negatively charged phosphatidic acid and neutral phosphatidylcholine vesicles. Fluorescence polarization measurements showed the disappearance of the phosphatidylcholine phase transition, whereas the phosphatidic acid phase transition broadened and its phase transition temperature became lower. PMID- 6615422 TI - The arsonomethyl analogue of 3-phosphoglycerate. AB - 4-Arsono-2-hydroxybutanoic acid, the analogue of 3-phosphoglycerate in which -CH2 AsO3H2 replaces -O-PO3H2, was synthesized. It proved to be a substrate for phosphoglycerate kinase. Its Michaelis constant was only slightly higher than that of the natural substrate, but its catalytic constant was about 1300 times smaller. PMID- 6615423 TI - The arsonomethyl group as an analogue of phosphate. An X-ray investigation. AB - The X-ray structure analysis of three compounds of interest as enzyme substrates is reported. They are the hydrated forms of (I) DL-2-amino-4-arsonobutanoic acid [HO-AsO2--CH2-CH2-CH(NH3+)-CO2H], (II) DL-2-amino-4-phosphonobutanoic acid [HO PO2--CH2-CH2-CH(NH3+)-CO2H] and the hydrated barium salt of (III) D-3 phosphoglycerate [HO-PO2--O-CH2-CH(OH)-CO2-]. The structures were fully refined to R factors of 0.033, 0.053 and 0.046. For the compounds (I) and (II) the charge distribution was directly determined by locating all H atoms. The co-ordination around As and P is approximately tetrahedral, with the valency angle between the two charged O atoms enlarged to 112 degrees in compound (I), 166 degrees in compound (II) and 122 degrees in compound (III). The As-X bond distances are increased relative to P-X to accommodate the increased atomic radius. The analysis establishes that the compounds are structural analogues. Tables of co ordinates for H atoms, anisotropic thermal parameters, bond lengths and bond angles for the three compounds have been deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP 50122 (5 pages) with the British Library Lending Division, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies can be obtained directly [see Biochem J. (1983) 209, 5]. PMID- 6615424 TI - Structural properties of homogeneous protein disulphide-isomerase from bovine liver purified by a rapid high-yielding procedure. AB - Protein disulphide-isomerase from bovine liver was purified to homogeneity as judged by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, two dimensional electrophoresis and N-terminal amino acid analysis. The preparative procedure, a modification of that of Carmichael, Morin & Dixon [(1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 7163-7167], is much faster and higher-yielding than previous procedures, and the final purified material is of higher specific activity. The enzyme has Mr 57 000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, both in the presence and in the absence of thiol compounds. Gel filtration studies on Sephadex G-200 indicate an Mr of 107 000, suggesting that the native enzyme is a homodimer with no interchain disulphide bonds. Ultracentrifugation studies give a sedimentation coefficient of 3.5S, implying that the enzyme sediments as the monomer. The isoelectric point, in the presence of 8 M-urea, is 4.2, and some microheterogeneity is detectable. The amino acid composition is comparable with previous analyses of this enzyme from bovine liver and of other preparations of thiol:protein disulphide oxidoreductases whose relation to protein disulphide-isomerase has been controversial. The enzyme contains a very high proportion of Glx + Asx residues (27%). The N-terminal residue is His. The pure enzyme has a very small carbohydrate content, determined as 0.5-1.0% by the phenol/H2SO4 assay. Unless specific steps are taken to remove it, the purified enzyme contains a small amount (5 mol/mol of enzyme) of Triton X 100 carried through the purification. PMID- 6615425 TI - Kinetics and specificity of homogeneous protein disulphide-isomerase in protein disulphide isomerization and in thiol-protein-disulphide oxidoreduction. AB - The protein disulphide-bond isomerization activity of highly active homogeneous protein disulphide-isomerase (measured by re-activation of 'scrambled' ribonuclease) is enhanced by EDTA and by phosphate buffers. As shown for previous less-active preparations, the enzyme has a narrow pH optimum around pH 7.8 and requires the presence of either a dithiol or a thiol. The dithiol dithiothreitol is effective at concentrations 100-fold lower than the monothiols reduced glutathione and cysteamine. The enzyme follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics with respect to these substrates; Km values are 4,620 and 380 microM respectively. The enzyme shows apparent inhibition by high concentrations of thiol or dithiol compounds (greater than 10 X Km), but the effect is mainly on the extent of reaction, not the initial rate. This is interpreted as indicating the formation of significant amounts of reduced ribonuclease in these more reducing conditions. The purified enzyme will also catalyse net reduction of insulin disulphide bonds by reduced glutathione (i.e. it has thiol:protein-disulphide oxidoreductase or glutathione:insulin transhydrogenase activity), but this requires considerably higher concentrations of enzyme and reduced glutathione than does the disulphide isomerization activity. The Km for reduced glutathione in this reaction is an order of magnitude greater than that for the disulphide-isomerization activity, and the turnover number is considerably lower than that of other enzymes that can catalyse thiol-disulphide oxidoreduction. Conventional two-substrate steady-state analysis of the thiol:protein-disulphide oxidoreductase activity indicates that it follows a ternary-complex mechanism. The protein disulphide-isomerase and thiol:protein-disulphide oxidoreductase activities co-purify quantitatively through the final stages of purification, implying that a single protein species is responsible for both activities. It is concluded that previous preparations, from various sources, that have been referred to as protein disulphide-isomerase, disulphide-interchange enzyme, thiol:protein-disulphide oxidoreductase or glutathione:insulin transhydrogenase are identical or homologous proteins. The assay, nomenclature and physiological role of this enzyme are discussed. PMID- 6615426 TI - Identification of protein disulphide-isomerase as a major acidic polypeptide in rat liver microsomal membranes. AB - Protein disulphide-isomerase was purified to homogeneity from rat liver by a rapid high-yielding procedure. Structural properties of the pure enzyme were very similar to those of the bovine liver enzyme purified by the same method. The purified rat liver enzyme was subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in the presence and in the absence of microsomal membranes, and shown to co electrophorese with a major acidic polypeptide clearly identifiable in the two dimensional electrophoretic profile of microsomal membranes. This identification was confirmed by peptide 'mapping' of the pure enzyme and of the defined spot from a two-dimensional electrophoresis gel. PMID- 6615427 TI - Lipid metabolism in microsomal fraction from photosynthetic tissue. Effects of catalase and hydrogen peroxide on oleate desaturation. AB - On incubation of microsomal fraction from pea (Pisum sativum L.) leaves with ammonium [1-14C]oleate or [1-14C]oleoyl-CoA in the presence of ATP, CoA, Mg2+ and NADH, the major reactions observed were those catalysed by oleoyl-CoA synthetase, oleoyl-CoA thioesterase, oleoyl-CoA:phosphatidylcholine acyltransferase and oleoyl phosphatidylcholine desaturase. The reaction catalysed by oleoyl phosphatidylcholine desaturase was specifically inhibited by H2O2, and this inhibitory effect was overcome by catalase (EC 1.11.1.6). PMID- 6615428 TI - Albumin binding of photobilirubin II. AB - Photobilirubin II, a stereoisomer of bilirubin, binds to human serum albumin at a single binding site (K = 2.2 x 10(6)M-1), presumably the high-affinity bilirubin binding site. Binding in the secondary (class II) binding sites is of minor importance. The results are discussed with respect to photometabolism of bilirubin and as a possible source of error in the determination of bilirubin unbound to albumin. PMID- 6615429 TI - Comparative rates of transfer of N-acetylneuraminic acid to acceptors bearing one or more Gal(beta 1-4)GlcNAc terminus by the Gal(beta 1-4)GlcNAc(NeuAc-Gal) (alpha 2-6)-sialyltransferase from embryonic chicken liver. Utilization of oligosaccharides as acceptors in sialyltransferase assays. AB - Using a number of branched and unbranched oligosaccharides, glycoproteins and artificial glycoproteins bearing Gal(beta 1-4)GlcNAc-R termini as acceptors (where R represents H, oligosaccharide, oligosaccharide-protein or fatty acid protein), the comparative rates of transfer of NeuAc by the Gal(beta 1 4)GlcNAc(NeuAc-Gal) (alpha 2-6)-sialyltransferase of embryonic chicken liver were determined. Acceptor substrates were utilized at levels approximating physiological, near the Km value of the best acceptor, desialylated alpha 1 acid glycoprotein. The sialyltransferase has a marked preference for multi-branched acceptors. From the specificity data, it is concluded that the enzyme binds at least two Gal(beta 1-4)GlcNAc termini of an acceptor molecule, and that the relative orientation of the branches is an important factor determining the rate of catalysis by the enzyme. The use of oligosaccharides as acceptors to study sialyltransferase catalyses is emphasized. Results are discussed in the context of the mode of assembly of sialoside termini of known glycoprotein structures in vivo. PMID- 6615430 TI - The amino acid compositions of proteins are correlated with their molecular sizes. AB - Natural peptides and small proteins in general have amino acid compositions that diverge much more from the average composition of all proteins than do those of proteins. The effect is large and consistent enough to provide a rough check on the measured molecular mass of a protein and to indicate whether it is likely to have a significantly repetitive structure. For example, the alpha-chain of tropomyosin, a highly repetitive protein, has no amino acid composition that would be characteristic of a much smaller protein. The observation provides support for the suggestion [Taylor, Britton & van Heyningen (1983) Biochem. J. 209, 897-899] that tetanus toxin resembles a trimer of the light chain produced by proteolysis. PMID- 6615431 TI - Neurotoxins from the venoms of the sea snakes Hydrophis ornatus and Hydrophis lapemoides. AB - The main neurotoxic components, toxins Hydrophis ornatus a and Hydrophis lapemoides a, were isolated from the venoms of the sea snakes Hydrophis ornatus and Hydrophis lapemoides respectively. The amino acid sequence of toxin Hydrophis ornatus a was deduced to be identical with that of toxin Astrotia stokesii a [Maeda & Tamiya (1978) Biochem. J. 175, 507-517] on the basis of identity of the tryptic peptide 'map' and the amino acid composition of each peptide. The amino acid sequence of toxin Hydrophis lapemoides a was determined mainly on the basis of identity of the amino acid compositions, mobilities on paper electrophoresis and migration positions on paper chromatography of the tryptic peptides with those of other sea-snake toxins whose sequences are known. Both toxins Hydrophis ornatus a and Hydrophis lapemoides a consisted of 60 amino acid residues and there were six amino acid replacements between them. The taxonomy of sea snakes in the Hydrophis ornatus complex has long been confused, and the above snakes were originally assigned to taxa that proved to be inconsistent with the relationships indicated by the neurotoxin amino acid sequences obtained. A subsequent re-examination of the specimens revealed an error in the original identifications and demonstrated the value of the protein amino acid sequences in systematic and phylogenetic studies. The isolation procedure and results of amino acid analysis of the tryptic peptides have been deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP 50121 (8 pages) with the British Library Lending Division, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies may be obtained as indicated in Biochem. J. (1983) 209, 5. PMID- 6615432 TI - The neurotoxins of the sea snake Laticauda schistorhynchus. AB - Erabutoxins a and b, the major neurotoxins in the venom of the sea snake Laticauda semifasciata, were detected in the venom of Laticauda schistorhynchus. The identity of the toxins was confirmed on the basis of elution position on CM cellulose column chromatography, disc electrophoretic mobility, amino acid analysis and toxicity measurement. PMID- 6615433 TI - Formation of soluble fibrin oligomers in purified systems and in plasma. AB - The kinetic parameters for release of fibrinopeptide A (FPA) from human fibrinogen by thrombin are: Km = 2.3 X 10(-6)M and Vmax. = 1.1 X 10(-10)mol of FPA/s per unit of thrombin; for fibrin formation, Km is similar to that for FPA release, but, the conditions of the present study, Vmax. was approximately half of that for FPA release. The formation of fibrin polymer before the sol-gel transition was studied by gel-permeation chromatography combined with effluent analysis for fibrinogen antigen and residual FPA. Polymer formation in purified fibrinogen incubated with thrombin proceeded as a bimolecular association of exposed sites in a manner predicted by probability calculations and assuming random FPA cleavage. Each oligomer consisted of n molecules of fibrin monomer and two fibrinogen molecules, each of the latter lacking one FPA molecule, i.e. each oligomer, regardless of molecular size, retains two FPA molecules. The addition of 5 mM-CaCl2 to the reaction mixture changed the rate of polymer formation, so that dimer was no longer the prevalent oligomer; in the presence of Ca2+, the trimer was the oligomer in highest concentration. The polymers formed in the presence of calcium were similar in composition to those without, i.e. 2 mol of FPA/mol of oligomer. EDTA-treated plasma samples incubated for short periods of time, 30s or less, with thrombin ranging in concentration up to 1 N.I.H. unit/ml did not form clots during the 10-15 min period of observation until they were applied to the column, though a large proportion of the available FPA was cleaved (maximum 45%). The soluble polymers in plasma were mostly of the high-Mr variety (tetramer and greater); these high-Mr polymers contained less than 2 mol of FPA/mol of polymer, whereas dimer and trimer in plasma were similar to those in the purified systems, i.e. 2 mol of FPA/mol. PMID- 6615434 TI - Simultaneous determination of hydroxymethylbilane synthase and uroporphyrinogen III synthase in erythrocytes by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high-performance-liquid-chromatographic method is developed for the simultaneous determination of hydroxymethylbilane synthase and uroporphyrinogen III synthase activity in erythrocytes. Effective separation of uroporphyrin I and III isomers allows the accurate quantification of individual isomers and the total uroporphyrin concentration. Total uroporphyrin production is used to calculate hydroxymethylbilane synthase activity, and the amount of uroporphyrin III formed represents the activity of uroporphyrinogen III synthase. Normal ranges are established for the two enzymes. PMID- 6615435 TI - Polyamines inhibit phospholipid-sensitive and calmodulin-sensitive Ca2+-dependent protein kinases. AB - Effects of polyamines on various protein kinases were investigated. It was found that both phospholipid-sensitive Ca2+-dependent protein kinase and myosin light chain kinase (a calmodulin-sensitive species of Ca2+-dependent protein kinase) were inhibited to different degrees by polyamines, with an approximate order of inhibitory potency of spermine = 1, 12-diaminododecane greater than spermidine = 1, 10-diaminodecane much greater than cadaverine = putrescine. Kinetic analysis revealed that spermine inhibited the phospholipid-sensitive enzyme non competitively with respect to Ca2+ (Ki = 0.84 mM) and phosphatidylserine (Ki = 0.90 mM); it also inhibited myosin light-chain kinase non-competitively with respect to Ca2+ (Ki = 1.82 mM) and calmodulin (Ki = 2.73 mM). 1, 12 Diaminododecane, in comparison, inhibited the phospholipid-sensitive enzyme competitively with respect to Ca2+ (Ki = 0.45 mM) and phosphatidylserine (Ki = 0.50 mM); it also inhibited myosin light-chain kinase competitively with respect to calmodulin (Ki = 0.63 mM) but non-competitively with respect to Ca2+ (Ki = 1.49 mM). Moreover, spermine (0.5 mM) was found to inhibit markedly phosphatidylserine/Ca2+- and calmodulin/Ca2+-stimulated phosphorylation of endogenous proteins in rat brain particulate fraction. All the polyamines tested were practically without effect on cyclic AMP-dependent and cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinases. Polyarginine, like spermine, was found to be a more selective inhibitor of Ca2+-dependent protein kinases, whereas polyglutamate preferentially inhibited the cyclic nucleotide-dependent enzymes. The present results indicated that, in addition to certain lipophilic compounds (such as trifluoperazine, palmitoylcarnitine, adriamycin and naphthalenesulphonamide) and polypeptides with hydrophobic regions (such as melittin and polymyxin B) previously reported, polycationic compounds (exemplified by polyamines) could also inhibit the two classes of Ca2+-dependent protein kinases requiring either phospholipid or calmodulin as a cofactor. Because of the high cellular concentration (up to 10 mM) and the differential effects of polyamines, it is suggested that spermine, and to smaller extents spermidine and putrescine, may be involved in the regulation of certain Ca2+-dependent protein-phosphorylation systems in vivo. PMID- 6615436 TI - Isolation and some structural analyses of a proteodermatan sulphate from calf skin. AB - A proteodermatan sulphate was isolated from 0.15 M-NaCl and 0.45 M-NaCl extracts of newborn-calf skin. The proteoglycan was separated from collagen and hyaluronic acid by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride and CsCl-density-gradient centrifugation. Further purification was performed by ion-exchange, affinity and molecular-sieve chromatography. The proteoglycan bound to concanavalin A Sepharose in 1 M-NaCl. It gave a positive reaction with periodic acid/Schiff reagent and contained 8.3% of uronic acid. The dermatan sulphate, the only glycosaminoglycan component, was composed of 74% iduronosylhexosamine units and 26% glucuronosylhexosamine units. The Mr was assessed to be 15000-20000 by gel chromatography. The core protein was found to be a sialoglycoprotein that had O glycosidic oligosaccharides with N-acetylgalactosamine at the reducing termini. The molar ratio of oligosaccharide chains to dermatan sulphate was approx. 3:1. From these results the proposed structure of proteodermatan sulphate is: one dermatan sulphate chain (average Mr 17500), three O-glycosidic oligosaccharide chains and probably N-glycosidic oligosaccharide chain(s) bound to one core protein molecule (Mr 55000). PMID- 6615437 TI - Evidence for the presence and structure of asparagine-linked oligosaccharide units in the core protein of proteodermatan sulphate. AB - The N-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides were liberated by hydrazinolysis from purified proteodermatan sulphate from newborn-calf skin and reduced with NaB3H4 at the reducing terminal sugar. One asparagine-linked oligosaccharide chain was linked to one core-protein molecule in proteodermatan sulphate. Structural sequences were analysed by using exoglycosidase digestion. These oligosaccharides were composed of di- and tri-antennary oligosaccharide structures of complex type. PMID- 6615438 TI - Occurrence of glycosylation and deglycosylation of exogenously administered ganglioside GM1 in mouse liver. AB - Ganglioside GM1, 3H-labelled at the level of terminal galactose or of sphingosine, was intravenously injected into Swiss albino mice and some steps in its metabolic fate in the liver were investigated. After administration of [3H]sphingosine-labelled GM1 all major liver gangliosides [GM3, GM2, GM1, GD1a (NeuAc,NeuGl)] became radioactive, the radioactivity residing in all cases on the sphingosine moiety. The specific radioactivity was highest in GM1, which carried about 53% of the radioactivity incorporated into gangliosides, followed by GM2, with 34.5% of incorporated radioactivity, GM3 and GD1a-(NeuAc,NeuGl), both with about 5% of incorporated radioactivity. After administration of [3H]galactose labelled GM1 the only radioactive gangliosides present in the liver were GM1 and GD1a-(NeuAc,NeuGl), the former carrying about 95% of the total ganglioside incorporated radioactivity, the latter about 3%. Both gangliosides were radioactive exclusively in the terminal galactose residue. According to these results exogenously administered GM1, after being taken up by the liver, is mainly degraded to GM2 and GM3, a part being, however, sialylated to GD1a (NeuAc,NeuGl). All this suggests that exogenous GM1 may be involved in the metabolic routes of endogenous liver gangliosides. PMID- 6615439 TI - Properties of antithrombin-thrombin complex formed in the presence and in the absence of heparin. AB - Purification of antithrombin-thrombin complex by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-agarose resulted in predominantly monomeric complex, whereas purification on matrix-linked heparin produced large amounts of aggregated complex. Monomeric antithrombin-thrombin complexes formed in the presence and in the absence of heparin had similar conformations and heparin affinities. Moreover, the first order dissociation rate constants, measured by thrombin release, of these complexes were similar, 2.3 X 10(-6)-3.4 X 10(-6)S-1, regardless of whether newly formed or purified complex was analysed. Similar dissociation rate constants were also obtained for purified complex formed with or without heparin, from analyses by dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of the release of modified antithrombin, cleaved at the reactive-site bond. No dissociation of intact antithrombin from the complex was detected by activity measurements or by gel electrophoresis. Aggregation of the complex was found to be accompanied by a decrease in apparent dissociation rate. The similar properties of antithrombin thrombin complexes formed with or without heparin support the concept of a catalytic role for the polysaccharide in the antithrombin-thrombin reaction. Furthermore, the results indicate that the reaction between enzyme and inhibitor involves the rapid formation of an irreversible, kinetically stable, complex that dissociates into active thrombin and modified, inactive, antithrombin by a first order process with a half-life of about 3 days. The inhibition thus resembles a normal proteolytic reaction, one intermediate step of which is very slow. PMID- 6615440 TI - Isolation and characterization of high-buoyant-density proteoglycans from bovine femoral-head cartilage. AB - Proteoglycans were extracted from bovine (15-18 months old) femoral-head cartilage. The heterogeneity of the A1D1 proteoglycan fraction was examined by gel chromatography, sedimentation velocity, sucrose rate-zonal centrifugation and CS2SO4 isopycnic centrifugation. In all cases polydisperse but unimodal distributions were obtained. Chemical analysis of the preparation yielded a galactosamine/glucosamine molar ratio of 7:1, and 13C n.m.r. spectroscopy showed that the chondroitin sulphate comprised equal proportions of the 4- and 6 sulphate isomers. Gel chromatography of a papain and Pronase digest of the proteoglycan indicated that the chondroitin sulphate chains had a Mn of approx. 10500. The mean buoyant density of the proteoglycan in pure CS2SO4 was 1.46 g/ml. Physical characterization of the proteoglycan preparation in 4M-guanidine hydrochloride, pH 7.4, by using conventional light-scattering gave a radius of gyration of 42 nm and a Mw of 0.96 X 10(6). Quasi-elastic light-scattering in the same solvent yielded a translational diffusion coefficient, D020, of 5.41 X 10( 8) cm2 X S-1, and ultracentrifugation gave a sedimentation coefficient, S020, of 12.0S. Thus from sedimentation-diffusion studies a Mw of 1.36 X 10(6) was calculated. The possible origins for the differences in the two molecular-weight estimates are discussed. It is concluded that the high-buoyant-density proteoglycans from bovine articular cartilage are significantly smaller than those from bovine nasal septum, and that this is largely due to the smaller size of their chondroitin sulphate chains. PMID- 6615441 TI - A study of factors influencing hydration of sodium hyaluronate from compressibility and high-precision densimetric measurements. AB - A study of the factors influencing the hydration of the biopolymer hyaluronic acid was made by compressibility and density measurements. The factors investigated were the hydration changes on glycosidic bond formation, and also the influence of counterion type, solution ionic strength and temperature. The results indicate that, with this biopolymer, the hydration of the glucuronate residue is significantly more than that of the N-acetylglucosamine residue, and further that the biopolymer is less hydrated than the sum of its component monosaccharide residues. Change of the counterion salt form of this polyelectrolyte from univalent to bivalent counterion type (Na+ to Ca2+) leads to a small though significant increase in the total hydration sheath surrounding the polymer. An increase in the background ionic strength of the solvent leads to a quantifiable lowering of the hydration of the polymer at physiological ionic strength compared with its value in salt-free aqueous solution. A decrease in hydration with increase in temperature in the range 20-50 degrees C is the opposite of previous reports, and was observed when the polymer was dissolved both in pure water and in 0.15 M-NaCl. PMID- 6615442 TI - Comparative studies of the binding of some ligands to human serum albumin non covalently attached to immobilized Cibacron Blue, or covalently immobilized on Sepharose, by column affinity chromatography. AB - A comparative study of the ligand-binding properties of human serum albumin was performed by the technique of affinity chromatography with the protein attached to immobilized Cibacron Blue F3GA (Blue Sepharose), or covalently immobilized on Sepharose. The binding strength of octanoate, decanoate and dodecanoate is much weaker when human serum albumin is attached to immobilized Cibacron Blue, indicating that the binding sites for fatty acids are involved in the attachment of human serum albumin to immobilized Cibacron Blue. The results revealed additional alterations of the ligand binding when human serum albumin was attached to immobilized Cibacron Blue, involving sites outside of the binding domains of fatty acids. Thus the stereoselective binding of L-tryptophan was abolished, and the resolution of the warfarin enantiomers was impaired. However, the binding strength of warfarin and salicylic acid was rather close to the values observed with human serum albumin covalently immobilized on Sepharose. It is suggested that the availability of the binding sites for L-tryptophan, warfarin and salicylic acid is partially blocked by the complex between albumin and the dye without direct participation in the complex-formation. An alternative interpretation involves an allosteric mechanism brought about by complex formation between serum albumin and the immobilized Cibacron Blue. PMID- 6615443 TI - Miltenberger Class I and II erythrocytes carry a variant of glycophorin A. AB - The membranes from Miltenberger Class I (Mi I) and II (Mi II) erythrocytes, two rare variants at the blood group MNSs locus, exhibited an abnormal glycoprotein of 32 kDa apparent molecular mass sharply stained by the periodic acid/Schiff procedure and a decreased content of glycoprotein alpha (synonym glycophorin A, glycoprotein MN) as seen on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Purified 125I-labelled Vicia graminea lectin binds to the unusual 32 kDa glycoprotein separated from Mi I and Mi II erythrocyte membrane of blood group NN or MN, but no significant labelling of this band was observed with Mi samples typed MM. On the basis of such lectin-labelling experiments we have described two heterozygous MN, Mi I individuals that carry one copy of an M gene producing a normal alpha-glycoprotein with M-specificity and one copy of a MiI gene producing a 32 kDa glycoprotein with N-specificity. Further investigations have shown that the 32 kDa glycoprotein was immunoprecipitated by two mouse monoclonal antibodies (R18 and R10) reacting specifically with the external domain of glycoprotein alpha. These results demonstrate that Mi I and Mi II erythrocytes carry an unusual variant of glycoprotein alpha. PMID- 6615444 TI - Immunoassay of muscle-specific creatine kinase with a monoclonal antibody and application to myogenesis and muscular dystrophy. AB - A competition e.l.i.s.a. (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is described that enables direct measurement of the muscle-specific polypeptide of chick creatine kinase (M-CK) in extracts of differentiating muscle-cell cultures and in blood plasma samples, even in the presence of embryonic, or brain-type, creatine kinase. The characteristics of the assay can be considerably improved by the use of a monoclonal antibody, CK-ART, instead of rabbit antisera, and we offer an explanation for this in terms of heterogeneity of antibody affinities in polyclonal antisera. In addition to native enzyme, the assay will measure creatine kinase unfolded and inactivated by 8 M-urea treatment. During chick muscle differentiation in vitro, M-CK increased from 7.5% of the total creatine kinase at 24h to 76.0% at 143h, in good agreement with isoenzyme separation data. As a percentage of the total cell protein, M-CK increased by 156-340-fold over the same period and constituted 0.38-0.56% of the total protein in late cultures. E.l.i.s.a. measurements on 17-20-day embryonic thigh-muscle extracts, which contain almost exclusively M-CK, agree well with enzyme activity and radioimmunoassay. M-CK constituted 0.7-1.6% of the total protein in 17-19-day embryonic thigh muscle. Plasma M-CK concentrations in normal 2-8-week-old chickens were found to be in the range 0.5-0.9 micrograms/ml. Plasma concentrations of 32-56 micrograms/ml were found in 8-week-old dystrophic chickens by both e.l.i.s.a. and enzyme-activity measurements. The results suggest that inactive or unfolded forms of M-CK do not normally exist, in any significant amounts, in cell and tissue extracts or in freshly prepared samples of plasma. PMID- 6615445 TI - The macromolecular structure of human cervical-mucus glycoproteins. Studies on fragments obtained after reduction of disulphide bridges and after subsequent trypsin digestion. AB - Human cervical-mucus glycoproteins (mucins) were extracted with 6 M-guanidinium chloride in the presence of proteinase inhibitors and purified by isopycnic density-gradient centrifugation. The whole mucins (Mr approx. 10 X 10(6] were degraded into 'subunits' (Mr approx. 2 X 10(6] by reduction of disulphide bonds. Trypsin digestion of the 'subunits' produced glycopeptides with Mr approx. 380000, which appear to be rod-like with a length of approx. 105 nm. The relationship between the radius of gyration and the Mr value obtained by light scattering for whole mucins, 'subunits' and 'domains' suggest that cervical-mucus glycoproteins are linear flexible macromolecules composed of, on the average, four or five 'domains'/subunit and four subunits/whole mucin macromolecule. The shape-dependent particle scattering function for the whole mucins and the 'subunits' are in accordance with that of a linear flexible chain. No evidence for a branched or a star-like structure was found. A tentative model for cervical mucins is proposed. PMID- 6615446 TI - A study of equilibrium binding of link protein to hyaluronate. AB - Link protein was extracted from bovine femoral-head cartilage, radiolabelled while in the proteoglycan-aggregate stage, and then purified by density-gradient centrifugation and gel chromatography. The purity of the preparation was assessed by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and two species with approx. mol.wts. 45000 and 48000 were observed. Sedimentation-velocity experiments were performed in 0.5 M-guanidinium chloride/5 mM-phosphate, pH 7.4, and yielded an SO20, w of 4.75S. The proportion of link protein unable to interact with hyaluronate was determined by chromatography on Sepharose CL-4B. The binding of link protein to high-molecular-weight hyaluronate was studied by frontal-gel chromatography on Sepharose CL-4B in 0.5 M-guanidinium chloride/5 mM phosphate/0.1% bovine serum albumin, pH 7.4. Experiments were performed at 10, 17 and 25 degrees C and the results were treated as described by Scatchard [(1949) Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 51, 660-672]. Dissociation constants of approx. (1-4) X 10( 8) M were obtained. The length of hyaluronate occupied per link-protein molecule was determined to be six to seven disaccharides. PMID- 6615447 TI - Development of a radioimmunoassay for rat liver metallothionein-I and its application to the analysis of rat plasma and kidneys. AB - A sensitive radioimmunoassay for rat liver metallothionein-I has been developed using avid and high-titre antibodies obtained from sheep that were immunized with a conjugate of metallothionein and rabbit immunoglobulin G. The assay was specific for metallothionein-I, and did not depend on the particular metal bound to the protein. There was no significant cross-reaction with rat liver metallothionein-II. The use of the assay to measure metallothionein concentrations in rat plasma and kidneys is described. PMID- 6615448 TI - Structural relationship between barley (Hordeum vulgare) trypsin inhibitor and castor-bean (Ricinus communis) storage protein. AB - A significant sequence homology was found between barley (Hordeum vulgare) trypsin inhibitor and castor-bean (Ricinus communis) seed glutamine-rich storage protein. This appears to suggest a divergent evolution of the two different classes of seed proteins and to support a view that plant proteinase inhibitors may also act as storage proteins. PMID- 6615449 TI - Mechanism of inactivation of sheep liver cytoplasmic aldehyde dehydrogenase by disulfiram. AB - Stoicheiometric amounts of [14C]disulfiram react rapidly with sheep liver cytoplasmic aldehyde dehydrogenase to give loss of catalytic activity and incorporation of the expected amount of radioactivity. In a subsequent slower reaction the label is lost from the enzyme without re-emergence of enzymic activity. The results imply that in vivo disulfiram may act as an oxidation reduction catalyst for the inactivation of aldehyde dehydrogenase. PMID- 6615450 TI - Symbolism and terminology in enzyme kinetics. Recommendations 1981. PMID- 6615451 TI - The human erythrocyte anion-transport protein. Partial amino acid sequence, conformation and a possible molecular mechanism for anion exchange. AB - The N-terminal 72 residues of an integral membrane fragment, P5, of the human erythrocyte anion-transport protein, which is known to be directly involved in the anion-exchange process, was shown to have the following amino acid sequence: Met-Val-Pro-Lys-Pro-Gln-Gly-Pro-Leu-Pro-Asn-Thr-Ala-Leu-Leu-Ser-Leu-Val-Leu-Met Ala-Gly-Thr-Phe-Phe-Phe-Ala-Met-Met-Leu-Arg-Lys-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ser-Ser-Tyr-Phe-Pro Gly-Lys-Leu-Arg-Arg-Val-Ile-Gly-Asp-Phe-Gly-Val-Pro-Ile-Ser-Ile-Leu-Ile-Met-Val Leu-Val-Asp-Phe-Phe-Ile-Gln-Asp-Thr-Tyr-Thr-Gln- The structure of this fragment was analysed, with account being taken of the constraints that apply to the folding of integral membrane proteins and the topographical locations of various sites in the sequence. It was concluded that this sequence forms two transmembrane alpha-helices. These are probably part of a cluster of amphipathic transmembrane alpha-helices, which could comprise that part of the protein responsible for transport activity. The presently available evidence relating to the anion-exchange process was considered with the structural features noted in this study and a possible molecular mechanism is proposed. In this model the rearrangement of a network of intramembranous charged pairs mediates the translocation of an anion between anion-binding regions at each surface of the membrane, which are composed of clusters of positively charged amino acids. This model imposes a sequential exchange mechanism on the system. Supplementary material, including Tables and Figures describing the compositions of peptides determined by amino acid analysis and sequence studies, quantitative and qualitative data that provide a residue-by-residue justification for the sequence assignment and a description of modifications to and use of the solid-phase sequencer has been deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP 50123 (12 pages) with the British Library Lending Division, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies can be obtained as indicated in Biochem. J. (1983) 209, 5. PMID- 6615453 TI - Study of hyaluronic acid flexibility by electric birefringence. AB - Transient-electric-birefringence experiments were conducted on four samples of hyaluronic acid over the molecular-mass (M) range 5 X 10(4)-4 X 10(6) in dilute aqueous solution. The geometrical, optical and electrical characteristics were monitored via the rotary relaxation times, optical-polarizability antisotropies and electrical polarizabilities respectively. Each indicates the molecular conformation to be consistent with some degree of rigidity at low M but that this does not persist at high M. The molecules do not become true random coils, but are best characterized in terms of a persistence length of 20 nm or 20 disaccharide units. PMID- 6615452 TI - Rat liver glutathione S-transferases. A study of the structure of the basic YbYb containing enzymes. AB - A purification scheme was devised that resulted in the resolution of a number of basic glutathione S-transferases from rat liver, three of which contained two subunits of molecular mass 23500 Da (i.e. Yb monomers). These were identified as transferases D, C and A by their elution positions from CM-cellulose and their specific activities towards a variety of substrates. Hybridization, immunotitration and peptide 'mapping' experiments demonstrated that transferases D, C and A comprise Yb2Yb2, Yb1Yb2 and Yb1Yb1 subunits. PMID- 6615454 TI - Studies of the specificity and kinetics of rat liver spermidine/spermine N1 acetyltransferase. AB - The substrate specificity and kinetic mechanism of spermidine N1 acetyltransferase from rat liver was investigated using a highly purified (18 000 fold) preparation from the livers of rats in which the enzyme was induced by treatment with carbon tetrachloride (1.5 ml/kg body wt. 6h before death). The enzyme catalysed the acetylation of spermidine, spermine, sym-norspermidine, sym norspermine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-cadaverine, N1-acetylspermine, 3,3'-diamino-N methyldipropylamine and 1,3-diaminopropane, but was inactive with putrescine, cadaverine, sym-homospermidine and N1-acetylspermidine. These results suggest that the enzyme is highly specific for the acetylation of a primary amino group that is separated by a three-carbon aliphatic chain from another nitrogen atom (i.e. the substrates are of the type H2N[CH2]3NHR). The maximal rates of acetylation of 1,3-diaminopropane and 3,3'-diamino-N-methyldipropylamine were much lower than the maximal rates with spermidine or sym-norspermidine as substrates, suggesting a preference for a secondary amino group bearing the aminopropyl group that is acetylated. The best substrates for acetylation were sym-norspermidine and sym-norspermine, which had Km values of about 10 micrograms and Vmax. values of about 2 mumol of product/min per mg of enzyme compared with Km of 130 microM and Vmax. of 1.3 mumol/min per mg for spermidine. N1 Acetylspermidine (the product of the reaction) and N8-acetylspermidine were weak inhibitors and were competitive with spermidine, having Ki values of about 6.6 mM and 0.4 mM respectively. N1-Acetylspermidine was a non-competitive inhibitor with respect to acetyl-CoA. CoA was also inhibitory to the reaction, showing non competitive kinetics when either [acetyl-CoA] or [spermidine] was varied. These results suggest that the reaction occurs via an ordered Bi Bi mechanism in which spermidine binds first and N1-acetyl-spermidine is the final product to be released. PMID- 6615455 TI - Studies of the acetyl-CoA-binding site of rat liver spermidine/spermine N1 acetyltransferase. AB - Rat liver spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase was found to be strongly inhibited by the dyes Cibacron F3GA, Coomassie Brilliant Blue and Congo Red. Inhibition was competitive with respect to acetyl-CoA and Ki values of 0.7 microM and 52 microM were determined for Cibacron F3GA and Coomassie Brilliant Blue respectively. The enzyme was strongly retained by columns of Affi-Gel Blue, which contains Cibacron F3GA linked to agarose. It was not eluted from this adsorbent in the presence of 10 mM-spermidine/0.5 M-NaCl/50 mM-Tris/HCl, pH 7.5, but was released by 1 mM-CoA in 10 mM-spermidine/50 mM-Tris/HCl, pH 7.5. These results are consistent with the presence in the enzyme of a dinucleotide fold that binds acetyl CoA and has a high affinity for Cibacron F3GA. The spermidine/spermine N1 acetyltransferase was irreversibly inactivated by exposure to butane-2,3-dione in sodium borate, pH 7.8, or by exposure to phenylglyoxal or camphorquinone-10 sulphonic acid. All of these reagents are known to interact with arginine residues in proteins under the conditions in which they inactivated the acetyltransferase. Inactivation was prevented by the presence of acetyl-CoA or CoA, but to a lesser extent by 3'-dephospho-CoA and not at all by NAD or adenosine. This protection suggests that an arginine residue at the active site is involved in the binding of the acetyl-CoA substrate. Treatment of the assay mixture but not the spermidine N1-acetyltransferase with alkaline phosphatase prevented the reaction taking place. This suggests that the apparent loss of enzyme activity in response to alkaline phosphatase reported by Matsui, Otani, Kamei & Morisawa [(1982) FEBS Lett. 150, 211-213] is due to dephosphorylation of the acetyl-CoA substrate and that the 3'-phosphate group is essential for activity. PMID- 6615456 TI - The polymerization of actin. A study of the nucleation reaction. AB - We compared the properties of the nuclei that accumulate in 7.5 mM-KCl in ATP-G actin solutions and of the oligomers that are formed by sonication of either G actin or F-actin. We found that the ability of the above species to prime the polymerization of actin decays with different rates. The nuclei are stable in 7.5 mM-KCl (they decay with a rate constant of 1.5 X 10(-3) s -1 at pH 7.8 at 22 degrees C in the absence of KCl). The oligomers formed by sonication of either G actin or F-actin, once the sonication is stopped, revert to simpler structures or evolve into F-actin, depending on the KCl concentration in which they are kept. In 10.5 mM-KCl at pH 7.8 at 22 degrees C their priming ability decays with a rate constant of 6 X 10(-3) s -1. We propose that the nuclei that form spontaneously in 7.5 mM-KCl are not directly susceptible to elongation. They must first be converted into activated nuclei, which exist in very low concentration at the steady state. The activated nuclei are directly susceptible to elongation, they have a short life and they decay rapidly into the ground state unless the elongation reaction occurs. Sonication displaces the steady-state concentration in favour of the activated state. PMID- 6615457 TI - The promotion of collagen polymerization by lanthanide and calcium ions. AB - Ca2+ (1-5 mM) and lanthanide (20-250 microM) ions enhance the rate of polymerization of purified calf skin collagen (1.5 mg/ml) at pH 7.0 in the presence of 30mM-Tris/HCl and 0.2 M-NaCl. Both the nucleation phase and the growth phase of polymerization are accelerated. The activation energy of the growth phase, 239.3 +/- 24.3 kJ/mol (57.2 +/- 5.8 kcal/mol), is decreased to 145.6 +/- 9.6 kJ/mol (34.8 +/- 2.3 kcal/mol) by 5 mM-Ca2+ and to 75.3 +/- 4.6 kJ/mol (18.0 +/- 1.1 kcal/mol) by 25 microM-Sm3+. In contrast, the activation energy of the nucleation phase, 191.6 +/- 23.4 kJ/mol (45.8 +/- 5.6 kcal/mol), is only slightly decreased by Ca2+ or Sm3+. Collagen fibrils formed in the presence of Sm3+ are thinner than control fibrils, and more thermoresistant. PMID- 6615458 TI - An extended X-ray-absorption-fine-structure study of the copper and zinc sites of freeze-dried bovine superoxide dismutase. AB - Copper and zinc K-edge-extended X-ray-absorption fine structures were measured for the metal sites of freeze-dried bovine superoxide dismutase and the model compounds tetrakis(imidazole)cupric nitrate and tetrakis(imidazole)zinc perchlorate. Detailed simulation of the spectra indicates that the copper site of the enzyme is best fit by co-ordination of four imidazole groups with Cu-N(alpha) distances of 0.198 nm (1.98 A). The zinc site is best fit by three imidazole groups at 0.201 nm (2.01 A) and an oxygen (from aspartate) at 0.203 nm (2.03 A). PMID- 6615459 TI - Eosinophils and connective tissue catabolism. PMID- 6615460 TI - Formation of complexes between 125I-labelled human or bovine somatotropins and binding proteins in vivo in rat liver and kidney. AB - At 5 min after intravenous injection, both 125I-labelled human somatotropin and 125I-labelled bovine somatotropin were concentrated in rat liver and kidney. When the labelled hormones were administered along with an excess of the corresponding unlabelled hormone, a significant decrease of the uptake was observed in the liver, but not in the kidney. Study of the subcellular distribution of radioiodinated somatotropins in liver revealed that most of the radioactivity was specifically concentrated in the microsomal fraction. In contrast, the kidney fraction that accounted for most of the radioactivity was the 100 000 g supernatant. After solubilization, with 1% (w/v) Triton X-100, of the microsomal fractions obtained from both organs, the radioactive material was analysed by gel filtration on Sepharose CL-6B. By using this approach, it was demonstrated that both 125I-labelled human somatotropin and 125I-labelled bovine somatotropin bind in vivo to proteins present in liver. A small proportion of 125I-labelled human somatotropin was also shown to form complexes with proteins present in kidney. The present results demonstrate that the liver uptake is mainly due to binding of somatotropins to specific proteins, in contrast with the kidney, in which binding to specific sites contributes minimally to the overall uptake. PMID- 6615461 TI - Mitochondrial Ca2+ transport in lean and genetically obese (ob/ob) mice. AB - Isolated mitochondria from liver or brown adipose tissue of obese ob/ob mice demonstrated increased rates of Ca2+ uptake and release compared with those of lean mice. This enhanced transport activity was not found in mitochondria from kidney or skeletal muscle. Respiration-induced membrane potential was the same in mitochondria from lean and ob/ob mice. It is therefore concluded that the increased Ca2+ uptake rates reflect an activation of the Ca2+ uniporter rather than a change in the electrophoretic driving force. As mitochondria from pre obese ob/ob mice did not show elevated rates of Ca2+ transport, the activated transport in the obese animals was thus a consequence of the state of obesity rather than being a direct effect of the ob/ob genotype. It is suggested that the enhanced activity of the Ca2+-transport pathways in liver and brown adipose tissue may alter metabolic functions in these tissues by modifying cytoplasmic or intramitochondrial Ca2+ concentrations. PMID- 6615462 TI - The influence of GDP on Ca2+ uptake by mitochondria of brown adipose tissue from lean and genetically obese (ob/ob) mice. AB - The specific binding capacity for purine nucleotides in brown-adipose-tissue mitochondria is thought to indicate the capacity of the proton-conductance pathway which leads to uncoupled respiration. This functional relationship was investigated in studies measuring initial Ca2+-uptake rates and membrane potential in the presence or absence of GDP in brown-adipose-tissue mitochondria with different GDP-binding capacities. The mitochondria from pre-obese and obese ob/ob mice were less able than those from lean control mice to dissipate membrane potential in the absence of GDP. Mitochondria from the obese animals also maintained a higher Ca2+-uptake rate without GDP in comparison with the rate found with mitochondria from the lean mice. The GDP-dependence of Ca2+ uptake was greater in brown-adipose-tissue mitochondria from cold-adapted animals than in those from animals kept at 22 degrees C or at thermoneutrality (33 degrees C). It is concluded that Ca2+-uptake rate and membrane-potential values are depressed in the absence of GDP and indicate indirectly the influence of purine nucleotides on maintaining the proton electrochemical gradient in brown-adipose-tissue mitochondria. It is also apparent that the lower GDP-binding capacity in mitochondria from ob/ob mice is related to a decreased ability to dissipate the proton electrochemical gradient. PMID- 6615463 TI - Induction of the branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complex in 3T3-L1 adipocytes during differentiation. AB - The activities of 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes were measured during hormone mediated differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes. Specific activity of leucine-activated branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complex increased approx. 10-fold in 3T3-L1 adipocytes compared with 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. In contrast, specific activity of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex increased by only 3-fold in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The three catalytic component enzymes of the branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complex and the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex showed concomitant increases in their specific activities. A close similarity in kinetics of induction of the branched-chain 2 oxo acid dehydrogenase complex and the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in 3T3-L1 adipocytes suggests that a common mechanism may be involved in hormone-dependent increases in the activities of the catalytic components of these two complexes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes during differentiation. PMID- 6615464 TI - Endocytosis of liposomes bound to cell surface proteins measured by flow cytofluorometry. AB - A new technique for the quantification of cellular receptor-mediated endocytosis has been developed based on the analysis by flow cytometry of ligand-bearing liposomes containing the fluorochrome carboxyfluorescein. Carboxyfluorescein encapsulated at high concentrations in protein A-bearing liposomes is self quenched. Binding and internalization of such liposomes by cells via antibodies directed towards membrane surface determinants results in the release of the liposome-encapsulated carboxyfluorescein into the cytoplasm causing an increase in cell-associated fluorescence. This increase can be quantified on a flow cytofluorometer. PMID- 6615465 TI - Renal brush-border-membrane vesicles prepared from newborn rats by free-flow electrophoresis and their proline uptake. AB - A method for the isolation of brush-border membranes from newborn-rat kidney, employing centrifugation and free-flow electrophoresis, is described. The composition and purity of the preparation was assessed by determination of enzyme activities specific for various cellular membranes. Free-flow electrophoresis resolves the newborn-rat renal membrane suspension into two populations of alkaline phosphatase-enriched brush-border membranes, designated 'A' and 'B', with the A peak also showing activity of (Na+ + K+)-stimulated ATPase, the basolateral membrane marker enzyme, whereas those of the B peak were enriched 11 fold in alkaline phosphatase and substantially decreased in (Na+ + K+)-stimulated ATPase activity. Membranes in the A peak showed a 7-fold enrichment of alkaline phosphatase, and (Na+ + K+)-stimulated ATPase activity similar to that of the original homogenate. Proline uptake employed to assess osmotic dependency revealed 7% binding of proline to the B vesicles and 31% to the A vesicles. This contrasts with 60% proline binding to vesicles prepared by centrifugation alone. Unlike vesicles from adult animals, proline uptake by B vesicles did not show an Na+-stimulated overshoot, but did exhibit an Na+-gradient enhanced rate of early proline entry. proline entry. PMID- 6615466 TI - Observations on the affinity for carnitine, and malonyl-CoA sensitivity, of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I in animal and human tissues. Demonstration of the presence of malonyl-CoA in non-hepatic tissues of the rat. AB - The requirement for carnitine and the malonyl-CoA sensitivity of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase I (EC 2.3.1.21) were measured in isolated mitochondria from eight tissues of animal or human origin using fixed concentrations of palmitoyl CoA (50 microM) and albumin (147 microM). The Km for carnitine spanned a 20-fold range, rising from about 35 microM in adult rat and human foetal liver to 700 microM in dog heart. Intermediate values of increasing magnitude were found for rat heart, guinea pig liver and skeletal muscle of rat, dog and man. Conversely, the concentration of malonyl-CoA required for 50% suppression of enzyme activity fell from the region of 2-3 microM in human and rat liver to only 20 nM in tissues displaying the highest Km for carnitine. Thus, the requirement for carnitine and sensitivity to malonyl-CoA appeared to be inversely related. The Km of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I for palmitoyl-CoA was similar in tissues showing large differences in requirement for carnitine. Other experiments established that, in addition to liver, heart and skeletal muscle of fed rats contain significant quantities of malonyl-CoA and that in all three tissues the level falls with starvation. Although its intracellular location in heart and skeletal muscle is not known, the possibility is raised that malonyl-CoA (or a related compound) could, under certain circumstances, interact with carnitine palmitoyltransferase I in non-hepatic tissues and thereby exert control over long chain fatty acid oxidation. PMID- 6615467 TI - The effects of corticosterone, cold exposure and overfeeding with sucrose on brown adipose tissue of obese Zucker rats (fa/fa). AB - GDP binding to brown-adipose-tissue mitochondria was decreased in obese Zucker rats. Adrenalectomy restored both GDP binding and serum tri-iodothyronine of obese rats to values observed in lean rats. The effects of adrenalectomy on GDP binding and serum tri-iodothyronine were reversed by corticosterone. Decreasing food intake had no effect on brown-adipose-tissue GDP binding in obese rats. Young (5-week-old) obese rats showed a normal increase in brown-adipose-tissue mitochondrial GDP binding after housing at 4 degrees C for 7 days, but this response was attenuated in 10-week-old obese rats. Overfeeding with sucrose increased brown-adipose-tissue thermogenesis in lean, but not in obese, rats. After adrenalectomy, overfeeding with sucrose enhanced brown-adipose-tissue mitochondrial GDP binding in obese rats. PMID- 6615468 TI - A trypsin-sensitive, heat-labile, N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor in adipocyte post-microsomal supernatant which affects the assay of adipocyte glycerol phosphate acyltransferase activities. AB - Addition of adipocyte 100 000 g post-microsomal supernatant to assays of glycerol phosphate acyltransferase in isolated mitochondria or microsomal fractions decreased activity at lower concentrations of palmitoyl-CoA. At higher concentrations of palmitoyl-CoA, activation was observed on addition of post microsomal supernatant. The effect of post-microsomal supernatant to decrease activity at lower [palmitoyl-CoA] was abolished by heating or by trypsin treatment, and was also abolished by addition of N-ethylmaleimide to assays or by pretreatment of post-microsomal supernatant with N-ethylmaleimide. The stimulatory effect seen at higher [palmitoyl-CoA] was not sensitive to heat or trypsin treatment. The effect of post-microsomal supernatant at lower [palmitoyl CoA] cannot be attributed to palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase activity. It was found that brief treatment of adipocyte mitochondria with low concentrations of trypsin was an effective way to remove contaminating microsomal glycerol phosphate acyltransferase activity. Adipocyte post-microsomal supernatant was more effective than an equivalent quantity of liver post-microsomal supernatant protein in decreasing adipocyte microsomal glycerol phosphate acyltransferase activity. The effects of the supernatants from both tissues were decreased by flavaspidic acid. Semi-purified Z-protein fraction from rat liver did not mimic the effect of adipocyte post-microsomal supernatant to decrease glycerol phosphate acyltransferase at lower [palmitoyl-CoA]. Post-microsomal supernatants obtained from noradrenaline-treated adipocytes were less effective than those from control cells in decreasing glycerol phosphate acyltransferase activity in microsomal fractions at lower [palmitoyl-CoA]. It is suggested that adipocyte cytosol may contain an acyl-CoA-binding protein or proteins differing from Z protein in some respects. The physiological significance of the findings is briefly discussed. PMID- 6615469 TI - Age-related changes in the structure of proteoglycan link proteins present in normal human articular cartilage. AB - Link proteins were identified immunologically in human articular-cartilage protein preparations from various individuals. Irrespective of age, all cartilages contained three link proteins of mol.wts. 48000, 44000 and 41000. However, with increasing age, multiple additional components of mol.wts. 26000 30000 were commonly observed under conditions where disulphide bonds were reduced. PMID- 6615470 TI - A comparison of iodinated and technetium-labelled zymosan for measurement of particle binding and internalization by macrophages. PMID- 6615472 TI - Oxygen affinity of the respiratory chain of Acanthamoeba castellanii. AB - Apparent Km values for O2 for the soil amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii determined polarographically and by bioluminescence gave similar values (0.37 and 0.41 microM respectively). Mitochondria oxidizing succinate or NADH in the presence or absence of ADP gave values in the range 0.21-0.36 microM-O2. Oxidation of respiratory-chain components to 50% of the aerobic steady states in intact cells was observed at the following O2 concentrations: cytochrome aa3, 0.1-0.25 microM; cytochrome c, 0.3-0.6 microM; cytochrome b, 0.35-0.45 microM; flavoprotein, 2 microM. In isolated mitochondria corresponding values for a-, c- and b-type cytochromes were 0.007, 0.035-0.05 and 0.06-0.09 microM-O2. It is concluded that an O2 gradient exists between plasma membrane and mitochondria in A. castellanii. PMID- 6615471 TI - Characterization of Ca2+ transport in rat renal brush-border membranes and its modulation by phosphatidic acid. AB - The Ca2+ transport process by isolated renal brush-border membranes was characterized and the influence of the acidic phospholipid phosphatidic acid (PtdA) on this transport process was assessed. Ca2+ uptake by brush-border membranes exhibited saturation kinetics. It was inhibitable by a variety of multivalent cations, as well as by Ca2+-entry inhibitors, including verapamil, Ruthenium Red and gentamicin. It was selective for Ca2+ compared with Mg2+. This process was also electrophoretic since generation of K+ and anion-diffusion potentials, negative inside the vesicle, increased Ca2+ uptake. Elevations in PtdA content of brush-border membranes by either exogenous addition or endogenous generation of PtdA by incubating brush-border membranes with MgATP2- elevated the rate of Ca2+ uptake. This ATP effect could not be attributed to (Ca2+ + Mg2+) dependent ATPase or contaminating membrane fragments. PtdA also increased the magnitude and rate of Ca2+ efflux from brush-border membranes preloaded with Ca2+. These modulations in uptake and efflux were not observed with phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylinositol. In summary, these results are consistent with the presence of an electrophoretic uniport system for Ca2+ in renal brush-border membranes, and demonstrate that PtdA uniquely among phospholipids tested appears to facilitate transmembrane flux of Ca2+ across this membrane preparation. PMID- 6615473 TI - Defective utilization of haem in selenium-deficient rat liver. AB - We have previously suggested that an inherent defect in hepatic haem utilization was responsible for the rapid stimulation of hepatic microsomal haem oxygenase activity observed in selenium-deficient rats given phenobarbital, a well known inducer of haem formation. To test this hypothesis, hepatic haem content was deliberately raised in selenium-deficient rats by administration of either tryptophan or allylisopropylacetamide, or by injecting haem itself. We now report that selenium-deficient rats are apparently relatively less efficient in utilizing hepatic haem than normal controls. The findings detailed in the present paper thus indicate that stimulation of hepatic microsomal haem oxygenase activity is indeed a manifestation of abnormal haem utilization in selenium deficiency. This suggests a novel role for selenium in hepatic haem metabolism. PMID- 6615474 TI - Interaction of malonyl-CoA and related compounds with mitochondria from different rat tissues. Relationship between ligand binding and inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I. AB - The sensitivity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I; EC 2.3.1.21) to inhibition by malonyl-CoA and related compounds was examined in isolated mitochondria from liver, heart and skeletal muscle of the rat. In all three tissues the same order of inhibitory potency emerged: malonyl-CoA much greater than succinyl-CoA greater than methylmalonyl-CoA much greater than propionyl-CoA greater than acetyl-CoA. For any given agent, suppression of CPT I activity was much greater in skeletal muscle than in liver, with the heart enzyme having intermediate sensitivity. With skeletal-muscle mitochondria a high-affinity binding site for [14C]malonyl-CoA was readily demonstrable (Kd approx. 25 nM). The ability of other CoA esters to compete with [14C]malonyl-CoA for binding to the membrane paralleled their capacity to inhibit CPT I. Palmitoyl-CoA also competitively inhibited [14C]malonyl-CoA binding, in keeping with its known ability to overcome malonyl-CoA suppression of CPT I. For reasons not yet clear, free CoA displayed anomalous behaviour in that its competition for [14C]malonyl CoA binding was disproportionately greater than its inhibition of CPT I. Three major conclusions are drawn. First, malonyl-CoA is not the only physiological compound capable of suppressing CPT I, since chemically related compounds, known to exist in cells, also share this property, particularly in tissues where the enzyme shows the greatest sensitivity to malonyl-CoA. Second, malonyl-CoA and its analogues appear to interact with the same site on the mitochondrial membrane, as may palmitoyl-CoA. Third, the degree of site occupancy by inhibitors governs the activity of CPT I. PMID- 6615475 TI - Challenge of hepatocytes by glucagon triggers a rapid modulation of adenylate cyclase activity in isolated membranes. AB - Membrane fractions obtained from hepatocytes treated with glucagon exhibited a decreased glucagon (with or without GTP)-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. A maximum effect was seen in around 5 min. No change in the rate of cyclic AMP production was observed for the basal, NaF-, p[NH]ppG (guanosine 5'-[beta, gamma imido]-triphosphate)- and GTP-stimulated states of the enzyme. The lag observed in the p[NH]ppG-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity of native membranes was abolished when membranes from glucagon-pretreated cells were used. When Mn2+ replaced Mg2+ in the assays, the magnitude of the apparent desensitization was decreased. Mn2+ abolished the lag of onset of p[NH]ppG-stimulated activity in native membranes. The desensitization process was dose-dependent on glucagon, which exhibited a Ka of 4 X 10(-10) M. Depletion of intracellular ATP did not affect this process. It is suggested that this desensitization occurs at the level of the guanine nucleotide-regulatory protein. PMID- 6615476 TI - Multiple chromatographic forms of ATP citrate lyase from rat liver. AB - ATP citrate lyase is shown to exist as multiple forms in extracts of rat liver. DEAE-Sephadex ion-exchange chromatography of liver supernatants reveals two peaks of activity. A minor, basic, component, comprising 14% of the recovered activity, is eluted without retention, whereas the major, acidic, form is eluted by a KCl gradient. Gel filtration of similar extracts shows the presence of a high-Mr form of ATP citrate lyase (Mr around 10(7) in addition to the tetrameric enzyme (Mr 4.1 X 10(5). This associated state, which represents 10% of the total activity, is unstable, breaking down to the tetramer, and appears to be disrupted by Mg2+. The basic form changes in the partially purified state to give the acidic form. Most of the high-Mr enzyme is acidic in nature. No evidence could be found for an association of the enzyme with mitochondrial or microsomal membranes. ATP citrate lyase from rat brain also shows two peaks of activity on DEAE-Sephadex ion exchange chromatography, but the activity is distributed between the peaks in almost equal proportions. However, only the tetrameric enzyme was observed on gel filtration. PMID- 6615477 TI - Polyamine-stimulated alteration of the ornithine decarboxylase molecule in Physarum polycephalum. AB - The molecular mechanism for polyamine-stimulated feedback modification of ornithine decarboxylase isolated from Physarum polycephalum was investigated by using two-dimensional polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Partially purified A form enzyme was converted into the B-form enzyme by isolated fractions of the Physarum A-B-converting protein, and the substrates and products were subsequently labelled by covalent addition of alpha-difluoro[14C]methylornithine, an enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor. The active (A-form) and inactive (B form) states of this enzyme were found to have the same Mr value, 52 000, yet they differed noticeably in their pI values, 5.45 and 5.65 respectively. In further experiments, the use of high-specific-radioactivity [3H]spermidine to stimulate this enzyme modification was shown not to result in the covalent attachment of this polyamine to ornithine decarboxylase. These results demonstrate that the polyamine-induced modification of ornithine decarboxylase in Physarum is not due to any of the mechanisms previously suggested for ornithine decarboxylase inactivation in this and other eukaryotes, namely phosphorylation, covalent polyamine addition or the non-covalent association of a specific low-Mr protein. PMID- 6615478 TI - Comparison of the effects of certain thiol reagents on alanine transport in plasma membrane vesicles from rat liver and their use in identifying the alanine carrier. AB - The Na+-dependent uptake of alanine into plasma membrane vesicles from rat liver was inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and by mersalyl. NEM did not inhibit alanine-independent Na+ uptake and the inhibition of alanine transport by NEM was protected by pre-incubation with an excess of substrate. It was therefore concluded that NEM acted by binding to the alanine carrier. A protein of Mr 20 000 was found to bind NEM with a concentration dependence parallel to the NEM inhibition of alanine transport. The inhibition of binding of [3H]NEM to this protein by mersalyl had a concentration dependence similar to that of the inhibition of transport by mersalyl. Preincubation with L-alanine, but not with D alanine, led to protection of the Mr 20 000 protein from binding NEM. It is concluded that this protein is an essential component of the alanine transport system. PMID- 6615479 TI - Postnatal hypoglycaemia and gluconeogenesis in the newborn rat. Delayed onset of gluconeogenesis in prematurely delivered newborns. AB - The concentrations of glucose and lactate in the blood and of liver glycogen, and the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity in liver and kidney of term and preterm newborn rats, were studied during the first 6 h post partum. Rates of lactate turnover and gluconeogenesis in vivo from [U-14C]lactate at 3 h and 6 h post partum were also quantified. The development of the prolonged postnatal hypoglycaemia observed after birth in the premature newborn rat is associated with lower rates of glucose production through glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis; liver glycogenolysis was the main contributing factor to the glucose available during the neonatal period studied in both groups. Delayed induction of liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity was observed in premature newborn rats. Renal phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity increased 72% from birth in preterm newborns, but only a 25% increase was found in term newborns during the same experimental period. The gluconeogenesis in vivo from [U-14C]lactate paralleled the appearance of cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity in the liver of both groups of newborns. Blood lactate concentrations remained higher in preterm than in term newborns. The postnatal utilization of lactate via the gluconeogenic pathway in either group of newborns was always less than 20% of the total lactate used. The results presented are discussed in relation to the development of postnatal hypoglycaemia and gluconeogenesis in the premature newborn rat. PMID- 6615481 TI - Myofibrillar protein turnover. Synthesis rates of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic protein fractions in different muscles and the changes observed during postnatal development and in response to feeding and starvation. AB - Measurement of rates of synthesis of skeletal-muscle proteins in adult rats shows that the faster overall rate of turnover in diaphragm and soleus muscles compared with several other, more glycolytic, muscles is also exhibited by the myofibrillar proteins, since the ratio of sarcoplasmic to myofibrillar protein synthesis is similar for all muscles. Further, throughout postnatal development, when the overall turnover rate falls with age, parallel changes occur for the myofibrillar proteins, as indicated by a constant ratio of sarcoplasmic to myofibrillar protein synthesis (2.06) in the steady state after overnight starvation. Only in the youngest (4 weeks old) rats is a slightly lower ratio observed (1.72). These results indicate that, when changes in the overall turnover rate of muscle proteins occur, the relative turnover of the two major protein fractions stays constant. However, measurements in the non-steady state during growth and after starvation for 4 days show that the relative synthesis rates of the two fractions change as a result of a disproportionate increase in myofibrillar protein synthesis during growth and decrease during starvation. Thus the synthesis rate of the slower-turning-over myofibrillar protein fraction is more sensitive to nutritional state than is that of the sarcoplasmic protein. It is suggested that such responses may help to maintain constant tissue composition during non-steady-state conditions of growth and atrophy. PMID- 6615480 TI - The control of fatty acid metabolism in liver cells from fed and starved sheep. AB - Isolated liver cells prepared from starved sheep converted palmitate into ketone bodies at twice the rate seen with cells from fed animals. Carnitine stimulated palmitate oxidation only in liver cells from fed sheep, and completely abolished the difference between fed and starved animals in palmitate oxidation. The rates of palmitate oxidation to CO2 and of octanoate oxidation to ketone bodies and CO2 were not affected by starvation or carnitine. Neither starvation nor carnitine altered the ratio of 3-hydroxybutyrate to acetoacetate or the rate of esterification of [1-14C]palmitate. Propionate, lactate, pyruvate and fructose inhibited ketogenesis from palmitate in cells from fed sheep. Starvation or the addition of carnitine decreased the antiketogenic effectiveness of gluconeogenic precursors. Propionate was the most potent inhibitor of ketogenesis, 0.8 mM producing 50% inhibition. Propionate, lactate, fructose and glycerol increased palmitate esterification under all conditions examined. Lactate, pyruvate and fructose stimulated oxidation of palmitate and octanoate to CO2. Starvation and the addition of gluconeogenic precursors stimulated apparent palmitate utilization by cells. Propionate, lactate and pyruvate decreased cellular long chain acylcarnitine concentrations. Propionate decreased cell contents of CoA and acyl-CoA. It is suggested that propionate may control hepatic ketogenesis by acting at some point in the beta-oxidation sequence. The results are discussed in relation to the differences in the regulation of hepatic fatty acid metabolism between sheep and rats. PMID- 6615483 TI - 3-Methylhistidine turnover in the whole body, and the contribution of skeletal muscle and intestine to urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion in the adult rat. AB - The tissue origin of 3-methylhistidine (N tau-methylhistidine) was investigated in adult female rats. The decay of labelling of urinary 3-methylhistidine was compared with the labelling of protein-bound 3-methylhistidine in skeletal muscle and intestine after the injection of [methyl-14C]methionine. The decay curve for urinary 3-methylhistidine was much steeper than that in muscle or intestine, falling to values lower than those in either tissue after 30 days. The lack of decay of labelling in muscle during the first 30 days is shown to result from the persistence of label in the precursor S-adenosylmethionine. The relative labelling of urinary, skeletal-muscle and intestinal 3-methylhistidine cannot be explained in terms of skeletal muscle accounting for a major proportion of urinary 3-methylhistidine. Measurements were also made of the steady-state synthesis rate of protein-bound 3-methylhistidine in intestinal smooth muscle in vivo in adult female rats. This involved measurement of the overall rate of protein synthesis and measurement of the relative rates of synthesis of 3 methylhistidine and of mixed protein. The synthesis rate of 3-methylhistidine was 29.1%/day, compared with the overall rate of 77.1%/day for mixed, non-mucosal intestinal protein. Measurement of the amount of 3-methylhistidine in skeletal muscle (0.632 +/- 0.024 mumol/g) and in the whole body (0.332 +/- 0.013 mumol/g) indicate that, although the muscle pool is 86% of the total, because of its slow turnover rate of 1.1-1.6%/day, it only accounts for 38-52% of the observed excretion. Measurements of the mass of the intestine (9.95 g/250 g body wt.) and protein-bound 3-methylhistidine content (0.160 mumol/g of tissue) indicate a pool size of 1.59 mumol/250 micrograms rat. Thus 463 nmol of the urinary excretion/day would originate from the intestine, 22% of the total. The tissue source of the remaining urinary excretion is not identified, but other non-muscle sources constituting about 10% of the whole-body pool could account for this with turnover rates of only 6%/day, a much lower value than the turnover rate in the intestine. PMID- 6615482 TI - Myofibrillar protein turnover. Synthesis of protein-bound 3-methylhistidine, actin, myosin heavy chain and aldolase in rat skeletal muscle in the fed and starved states. AB - The turnover of 3-methylhistidine (N tau-methylhistidine) and in some cases actin, myosin heavy chain and aldolase in skeletal muscle was measured in a number of experiments in growing and adult rats in the fed and overnight-starved states. In growing fed rats in three separate experiments, measurements of the methylation rate of protein-bound 3-methylhistidine by either [14C]- or [3H] methyl-labelled S-adenosylmethionine show that 3-methylhistidine synthesis is slower than the overall rate of protein synthesis indicated by [14C]tyrosine incorporation. Values ranged from 36 to 51%. However, in one experiment with rapidly growing young fed rats, acute measurements over 1 h showed that 3 methylhistidine synthesis could be increased to the same rate as the overall rate. After overnight starvation in these rats, the steady-state synthesis rate of 3-methylhistidine was 38.8% of the overall rate. This was a similar value to that in adult non-growing rats, in which measurements of the relative labelling of 3-methylhistidine and histidine after a single injection of [14C]histidine indicated that 3-methylhistidine synthesis was 37% of the overall rate in the fed or overnight-starved state. According to measurements of actin, myosin heavy chain and aldolase synthesis in the over-night-starved state with young rats, with a variety of precursors, slow turnover of 3-methylhistidine results from the specific slow turnover of actin, since turnover rates of myosin heavy chain, mixed protein and aldolase were 2.5, 3 and 3.4 times faster respectively. However, in the fed state synthesis rates of actin were increased disproportionately to give similar rates for all proteins. These results show that (a) 3-methylhistidine turnover in muscle is less than half the overall rate in both young and adult rats, (b) slow 3-methylhistidine turnover reflects the specifically slow turnover of actin compared with myosin heavy chain and other muscle proteins, and (c) during growth the synthesis rate of actin is particularly sensitive to the nutritional state and can be increased to a similar rate to that of other proteins. PMID- 6615484 TI - Lactate as an oxidizable substrate for rat brain in vitro during the perinatal period. AB - Foetal brain slices showed a high capacity for lactate oxidation in vitro during late gestation. This capacity remained high during the very early postnatal period, suggesting that lactate may play an important role as an energy substrate in the brain during the early neonatal period. The capacity for lactate oxidation decreased markedly during the first 2 days of extra-uterine life and thereafter remained low. PMID- 6615485 TI - Glycogenolysis in liver of phosphorylase kinase-deficient rats during liver perfusion and ischaemia. AB - Liver glycogen degradation and phosphorylase activity were measured in normal and phosphorylase kinase-deficient (gsd/gsd) rats. During perfusion or ischaemia, gsd/gsd-rat livers showed a brisk glycogenolysis. There was also a small (1.9 fold) but significant transient increase in their phosphorylase alpha activity during ischaemia, despite their phosphorylase b kinase deficiency; it seems unlikely, however, that this was the main determinant of the glycogenolysis. PMID- 6615486 TI - Influence of phospholipids on the activity of phosphate-dependent glutaminase in extracts of rat liver mitochondria. AB - Liver glutaminase can be solubilized from frozen-and-thawed mitochondria by treatment with phospholipase A2. Solubilization by this technique markedly changes the kinetic properties of the enzyme. The properties of the membrane bound form of the enzyme are partially restored by adding phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine to the phospholipase extract. It is concluded that the kinetic properties of liver glutaminase are a function of the interaction of this enzyme with membrane phospholipids. PMID- 6615487 TI - Effect of Hepes on the fibroblast cerebroside sulfate loading test. AB - The intact fibroblast cerebroside sulfate loading test is useful because sulfatide hydrolysis can be demonstrated in late onset MLD cell types with 1% or less of normal arylsulfatase A. In such cells, hydrolysis of sulfatide was inhibited when the loading test was carried out in growth media containing the organic ampholyte Hepes. Since Hepes did not affect uptake of sulfatide nor intracellular levels of arylsulfatase A, it was concluded that Hepes inhibited sulfatide hydrolysis by increasing lysosomal pH. The cerebroside sulfate loading test in the presence of Hepes should be useful as a probe for arylsulfatase A dysfunction in atypical MLD fibroblasts. PMID- 6615488 TI - Free amino acid concentrations in the gut lumen of developing rats. AB - Free amino acid concentrations in the lumen and tissue of small intestine of suckling rats were measured by a micromethod. Almost all amino acid concentrations (Lys excepted) in the intestinal juice decrease until 15 days of age whereby the pattern remains constant. Concomitantly, free amino acid concentrations in the intestinal tissue increase between 10 and 15 days p.p. The pool of amino acids in the intestinal juice, reflecting the nutritional input and its utilization, becomes exhausted during the suckling period. At 20 days of age the rats additionally ate the rat chow and free amino acid concentrations in the intestinal tissue increased again. The decline of the amino acid pool in the lumen of small intestine which is both derived by the mother and exhausted by the growing organism may act as a signal for differentiation via (self-) restriction of substrates for protein accretion. PMID- 6615489 TI - Progressive changes in fatty acid metabolism in rat liver and muscle during exercise. PMID- 6615490 TI - Effect of experimental hyperphenylalaninemia on biogenic amine synthesis at later stages of brain development. AB - The effects of experimental hyperphenylalaninemia on catecholamine and serotonin synthesis in brain at a later stage of brain development were investigated. A group of 35-day-old rats treated with normal chow supplemented with 5% Phe + 0.4% alpha-methylphenylalanine, alpha MP, for the previous 10 days showed decreases in dopa, norepinephrine, and epinephrine versus controls. A group treated with a normal diet supplemented with 0.4% alpha MP showed similar decreases and these differences could be attributed to the presence of the phenylalanine hydroxylase and tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor, alpha MP, rather than the hyperphenylalaninemia condition. No differences in dopamine were observed. Serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) were decreased 50% in the HyPhe condition and were unaffected in the presence of alpha MP alone, indicating that the decreases in serotonin and 5HIAA were due to the increases in phenylalanine rather than the presence of the inhibitor. These abnormalities in serotonin metabolism at later stages of brain development may be relevant to early discontinuation of dietary therapy in the PKU patient and implies a role in tryptophan supplementation to increase intracerebral serotonin values. PMID- 6615491 TI - Myofibrillar creatine kinase in Duchenne and avian muscular dystrophy. AB - The presence and activity of the fraction of creatine kinase (CK) which was associated with myofibrils and located in the M line of the sarcomeres was determined in normal and dystrophic avian muscle and in normal and dystrophic (Duchenne) human muscle. Myofibrils were isolated from homogenates of muscle and washed nine times so as to remove nonmyofibrillar CK. In myofibrils from dystrophic muscle the enzyme CK was localized to the M line using immunofluorescent techniques and was enzymatically active. These results suggest that in both avian and Duchenne muscular dystrophy, there is not a myofibrillar disorder of the phosphocreatine shuttle. PMID- 6615492 TI - Magnesium in tumoral tissues, in the muscle and serum of subjects suffering from neoplasia. AB - Mg2+ content is significantly increased in malignant neoplastic mammary tissue compared with normal mammary tissue and benign neoplastic tissue of the breast. Significant variations of the ion were not found in the skeletal muscle tissue (rectus abdominis and pectoral muscle) of subjects suffering from malignant neoplasia with diffused metastasis. It seems that the variation of Mg2+ content in malignant neoplastic mammary tissue is a local factor linked with the biological anomalies of the neoplastic cell. PMID- 6615493 TI - Application of chromatography to the analysis of phosphate compounds in small biopsy tissue samples in different experimental conditions. AB - Biochemical analysis of tissue biopsy samples for evaluation of the phosphate compounds of metabolism has been limited to a large tissue sample size, and thus, repeated biopsies on the same animal or patient are too difficult to obtain. We report here the use of the Bessman analyzer: anion exchange chromatography followed by automatic phosphorus analysis on small tissue samples. The method described here enables the repetitive measurement of high-energy phosphate compounds (ATP, ADP, AMP, creatine phosphate (CP], inorganic phosphorus (Pi), sugar phosphorus (glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate), and inosine monophosphate (IMP), an indicator of adequate biopsy processing and sample preparation. The data also emphasize the importance of adequate oxygenation of the experimental animal or patient. This method is easy to apply in almost any clinically oriented research laboratory for the study of needle biopsies from human and animal tissues and permits a more convenient and complete investigation of the high-energy phosphate compounds of intermediary metabolism than do the methods of firefly luminescence or the multiple, NAD-linked enzymatic systems required for the necessary sensitivity. PMID- 6615494 TI - Correction for metabolic exchange in the calculation of the rate of gluconeogenesis in rats. AB - The degree by which the rate of gluconeogenesis is underestimated when calculated from the transfer of 14C atoms from circulating precursors to plasma glucose was estimated from the ratio of the specific activity of plasma glucose and blood acetoacetate during the infusion of [2-14C]acetate in rats fasted for 3 days. The specific activity of blood acetoacetate was taken to be equal to that of its only precursor, the acetyl C atoms of hepatocellular AcCoA. These latter are assumed not to be available for the net synthesis of glucose and may be incorporated into the molecule by "metabolic exchange" in the hepatic oxalo-acetate pool only. By this approach 25% of the C atoms of plasma glucose have been estimated to arise from AcCoA. Multiplication by a correction factor H = 1.33 +/- 0.03 is being suggested to compensate for the metabolic exchange of 14C for 12C atoms when the rate of gluconeogenesis is calculated from the transfer of 14C atoms from labeled precursors to glucose. PMID- 6615495 TI - Stimulation of ATP hydrolysis by chloroquine and primaquine in human red blood cells. AB - Primaquine, an 8-aminoquinoline, and chloroquine, a 4-aminoquinoline, both stimulate ATP hydrolysis in human red blood cells incubated in the absence of glucose. In the presence of glucose, ATP levels are partially maintained by increased flux of glucose through glycolysis. Glucose dependence of chloroquine uptake and the activity of primaquine as a redox reagent explain quantitative differences in ATP hydrolysis and accumulation of specific glycolytic products. PMID- 6615496 TI - Inhibitors of glyoxalase I in vitro. AB - Inhibition in vitro of human red blood cell glyoxalase I activity was measured by the decrease in the rate of formation of S-D-lactoyl-glutathione as determined by the change in absorbance at 240 nm. The percentage activity remaining was determined after addition of various potential inhibitor compounds and the concentration for 50% activity was obtained by graphical interpolation. The inhibitors were selected on the basis of their similarity to a possible transition-state enediol intermediate of methylglyoxal. The most effective inhibitors were dihydroxycoumarins with a 50% inhibition of 0.03 mM. Inhibition of methylglyoxal catabolism suggests possible application as chemotherapeutic agents based on the inhibitor characteristics of methylglyoxal. PMID- 6615497 TI - Inter- and intraindividual differences in monoamine oxidase A and B activities in human central and peripheral tissues. PMID- 6615498 TI - The displacement of phenothiazines from phospholipid binding sites by cholesterol. AB - The interaction of the phenothiazine type drug, methochlorpromazine, with phosphatidylcholine membranes has been investigated by using this tranquilizer in a deuterium labeled form. Two distinct binding sites were found, with exchange between them being fast on the 2H NMR time scale. Cholesterol preferentially displaces the chlorpromazine from the more hydrophobic of these sites, making possible an explanation of the modulation of the effects of amphipathic agents by cholesterol. In addition, the phenomenon of displacement of membrane active agents by sterols may explain discrepancies between membrane/water partition coefficients as measured by centrifugation and hygroscopic desorption. PMID- 6615499 TI - Changes in intracellular pressure in squid giant axons associated with production of action potentials. AB - In squid giant axons, a brief rise and fall in intracellular pressure that was concomitant with the action potential was detected by using a glass-fiber device. The amplitude of the pressure change was about 1 mPa. PMID- 6615500 TI - Two forms of AMP deaminase from chicken liver. AB - Chromatography of chicken liver AMP deaminase on phosphocellulose and DEAE Sephacel revealed the existence of two separate peaks of enzyme activity. Significant differences have been observed between form I and II of the enzyme in respect to substrate specificity and their kinetic and regulatory properties. PMID- 6615501 TI - Lipid bilayer dynamics and rhodopsin-lipid interactions: new approach using high resolution solid-state 13C NMR. AB - High-resolution, solid-state 13C NMR spectra have been obtained for unsonicated multilamellar dispersions of 1,2-dilauryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DLPC), recombinant membranes containing DLPC and rhodopsin, and native retinal rod disk membranes. The roles of 1H dipolar decoupling, 1H-13C cross-polarization, and magic-angle sample spinning have been investigated. Rotating-frame 13C relaxation times have been measured and are discussed in terms of lipid bilayer dynamics and rhodopsin-lipid interactions. PMID- 6615502 TI - Stimulation of prostaglandin E2 production in amnion cells in culture by a substance(s) in human fetal and adult urine. AB - A protein or protein-associated substance(s) in human fetal urine effects a 10- to 600-fold increase in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis by human amnion cells maintained in monolayer culture; the increase in PGE2 synthesis is maximal by 12 h. Fetal urine did not cause a similar increase in PGE2 synthesis is maximal by 12 h. Fetal urine did not cause a similar increase in PGE2 synthesis in cells derived from other human tissues tested. A similar PGE2 synthesis-stimulatory activity is present in adult urine and the activity in adult urine is correlated inversely (p less than 0.001) with creatinine concentration. These findings are suggestive that a substance produced in, or excreted by, kidney acts to induce PGE2 synthesis in a tissue-specific manner. PMID- 6615503 TI - An extracellular H2O2-requiring enzyme preparation involved in lignin biodegradation by the white rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium. AB - An H2O2-requiring enzyme system was found in the extracellular medium of ligninolytic cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The enzyme system generated ethylene from 2-keto-4-thiomethyl butyric acid (KTBA), and oxidized a variety of lignin model compounds including the diarylpropane 1-(4'-ethoxy-3'-methoxyphenyl) 1,3-dihydroxy-2-(4"-methoxyphenyl)propane (I), a beta-ether dimer 1-(4'-ethoxy-3' methoxyphenyl)glycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether (IV) and an olefin 1-(4'-ethoxy-3' methoxyphenyl)1,2-propene (VI). The products found were equivalent to the metabolic products previously isolated from intact ligninolytic cultures. In addition, the enzyme system partially degraded 14C-ring labeled lignin. The enzyme was not found in high nitrogen (N) cultures, nor in cultures of a ligninolytic mutant strain which is incapable of metabolizing lignin. PMID- 6615504 TI - Antibody-induced conformational restriction as basis for new separation-free enzyme immunoassay. AB - Under acid denaturing conditions, hologlucose oxidase labeled with 2,4 dinitrophenyl (DNP) was dissociated into flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and DNP-labeled apoglucose oxidase (DNP-AG). Both lacked catalytic activity. The activity was restored by combining FAD and DNP-AG at about pH 7. If, on the other hand, anti-DNP serum was preincubated with the DNP-AG prior to the addition of FAD, activity was not restored. Furthermore, added DNP-aminocaproic acid counteracted the effects of the antibody in inhibiting the recombining of DNP-AG and FAD to form active enzyme. The anti-DNP serum probably prevented the DNP-AG from combining with FAD to form an active holoenzyme by restricting the mobility of the polypeptide chain of DNP-AG from folding into a catalytically active conformation. Based on such an antibody-induced conformational restriction of the DNP-AG, we developed a separation-free (homogeneous) enzyme immunoassay called AICREIA. PMID- 6615505 TI - Peroxide oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes by chloroperoxidase catalysis. AB - Chloroperoxidase catalyzes the peroxidation of primary alcohols, specifically those that are allylic, propargylic, or benzylic. Aldehydes are the products. The reaction displays appreciable activity throughout the entire pH range investigated, namely pH 3.0-7.0. This enzyme is the only haloperoxidase of four tested capable of carrying out the reaction. These results further establish chloroperoxidase as a unique haloperoxidase. PMID- 6615506 TI - 31P-NMR spectrum of phosphocreatine: deuterium-induced splitting of the signal. AB - It has been found in experiments with high resolution 31P-NMR spectroscopy (200 MHz) that the phosphocreatine peak is splitted into two different peaks in the mixtures of H2O and D2O and is single but with different chemical shifts in pure H2O and D2O. This phenomenon is explained by substitution of protons of guanidino group in phosphocreatine by deuterium. The effect of splitting disappeared at extreme pH values (greater than 8.5 or less than 4.0) and at temperatures higher than 45 degrees C due to accelerated proton-deuterium exchange. Creatine kinase added to phosphocreatine solution also lowered its temperature of peaks' collapse by 5 degrees-10 degrees C. A saturation (spin) transfer method was used to show that the phosphoryl group transfer to ADP in creatine kinase active center is slower with deuterium-substituted phosphocreatine than with H-phosphocreatine. The data are taken to show the importance of the proton transfer step in the creatine kinase reaction mechanism and acceleration of phosphocreatine proton deuterium exchange by creatine kinase. PMID- 6615507 TI - Induction of increased calcium uptake in liposomes having membrane proteins of chicken erythrocytes by S-adenosylmethionine. AB - Liposomes having membrane proteins of chicken erythrocytes were prepared and the effect of S-adenosylmethionine on 45Ca2+ uptake into the liposomes was investigated. S-Adenosylmethionine, a donor of methyl groups in enzymatic methylation, induced an increase of 45Ca2+ uptake into the proteoliposomes with membrane proteins but not into the liposomes without membrane proteins. Increased release of 45Ca2+ from the inside of the proteoliposomes was also induced by S adenosylmethionine. These increases of uptake and release of 45Ca2+ were inhibited by S-adenosylhomocystein, an inhibitor of enzymatic methylation. Furthermore, membrane proteins from chicken erythrocytes showed protein and phospholipid methyltransferase activities. The uptake of other materials, 3-0 [methyl-3H]glucose, alpha-[1-14C]aminoisobutyric acid, 42K+ and 54Mn2+, into the proteoliposomes was not increased by S-adenosylmethionine. These results suggest that enzymatic methylation of membrane components may have an important role in the regulation of calcium transport in the chicken erythrocyte membrane and this regulation is rather specific for calcium. PMID- 6615508 TI - Neonatal phenobarbital administration results in increased cytochrome P450 dependent monooxygenase activity in adult male and female rats. AB - The effects of neonatal exposure to phenobarbital during the first five days after birth on the enzymatic activity of the adult male and female rat liver P450 dependent monooxygenase system were investigated. Although liver weight per 100 grams of body weight and total hepatic microsomal protein content were not altered in adult rats treated neonatally with phenobarbital, both sexes did show significant increases in cytochrome P450 content, cytochrome P450 reductase activity, cytochrome c reductase activity, ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase activity and in the activity of a specific glucuronyl-transferase. Several of these activities were increased to a larger extent in the females, suggesting that females may be more sensitive to this phenomenon. PMID- 6615509 TI - Zinc ion binding to human brain calcium binding proteins, calmodulin and S100b protein. AB - Comparative studies have been performed on the binding properties of zinc ions to human brain calmodulin and S100b protein. Calmodulin is characterized by two sets of Zn2+ binding sites, with KD ranging from 8.10(-5)M to 3.10(-4)M. The S100b protein also exhibited two sets of zinc binding sites, with a much higher affinity. KD = 10(-7) - 10(-6)M. We suggest that S100b protein should no longer be considered only as a "calcium binding protein" but also as a "zinc binding protein", and that Zn2+ ions are involved in the functions of the S100 proteins. PMID- 6615510 TI - The ribonuclease inhibitors from porcine thyroid and liver are slow, tight binding inhibitors of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A. AB - Ribonuclease inhibitors were purified from the latent ribonuclease fractions of porcine thyroid and liver and used to test the hypothesis that their inhibition of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A is correctly described by tight-binding rather than Michaelis-Menton kinetics. Both proteins were found to act as slow, tight-binding inhibitors of the enzyme. These steady-state velocities also showed that both the thyroid and liver inhibitors were competitive inhibitors of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A with Ki's of 0.1 and 0.4 nM, respectively. In contrast to interpretations based on Michaelis-Menton assumptions that show non competitive inhibition, these results suggest that an enzyme:inhibitor:substrate complex does not exist. PMID- 6615511 TI - The nucleotide sequence of methionine elongator tRNA from wheat germ. AB - Wheat germ methionine elongator tRNA (tRNAmMet) was purified by three column chromatogaphies followed by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel. Its sequence is pG-G-G-G-U-G-G-U-m1G-m2G-C-G-C-A-G-D-D-G-G-C-acp3U-A-G-C-G-C-m22G-psi-A-G-G- psi-C-U-Cm-A-U-mt6A-A-psi-C-C-U-G-A-G-m7G-D-m5C-G-A-G-A-T-psi-C-G-m1A-G2-C-C-U- C U-C-U-C-A-C-C-C-C-A-C-C-A. Two hypermodified nucleosides, methylthreoninocarbonyladenosine (mt6A) and 3(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)uridine (acp3U), are present in this tRNA. PMID- 6615512 TI - Study of chromatin organization with trypsin immobilized on collagen membranes. AB - Trypsin immobilized on collagen membranes has been used to digest chromatin polynucleosomes. With this method, the use of protease inhibitor is avoided and the digestion time easily controlled simply by taking the membrane out of the chromatin solution. Its most fundamental advantage is however to allow the mild removing of the most accessible histone fragments without addition of salt then without perturbation of their ionic environment. Degradation of histone fractions were correlated with conformational changes using circular dichroism and electric birefringence measurements. On digestion, the sign of birefringence reversed, becoming negative, and an increase of molar ellipticity was observed. These changes reflecting the unfolding of DNA correspond to the digestion of Hl and also of fragments of H3. This would indicate that H3 and particularly its basic terminal regions, play a fundamental role in the maintenance of chromatin in a compact structure. PMID- 6615513 TI - Retinal inhibits TPA activated, calcium-dependent, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase ("C" kinase). AB - RAW264 macrophage-like cells contain a kinase which is dependent on Ca++ and phosphatidylserine for activity (C kinase) and is stimulable by the tumor promoter 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate. Retinal inhibits the activity of the tumor promoter-activated kinase in a concentration-dependent manner. The apparent Ki for inhibition is 1 X 10(-5)M. Retinal is not a general inhibitor of phosphotransferase reactions as it did not inhibit the activity of purified cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. It is possible, therefore, that the action of retinoids to antagonize tumor promoter effects on cell function may be mediated at the level of regulation of C-kinase. PMID- 6615514 TI - Fluorescence lifetimes in hydrated bovine serum albumin powders. AB - The average relaxation time for tryptophan excited state decay increases progressively with water content in bovine serum albumin powders. A sharp lifetime increase is observed at low water coverage, followed by a slower increase at intermediate hydration levels. As the water content exceeds 0.5g H2O/g protein, the lifetime increase is again steep. PMID- 6615515 TI - Diltiazem potentiates the negative inotropic action of nimodipine in heart. AB - In Langendorff perfused rat hearts, nimodipine enhances coronary flow and inhibits contractility. The binding of [3H]nimodipine (160 Ci/mmol) to sarcolemma isolated from dog heart revealed a KD of 0.2 nM. d-cis-Diltiazem, but not 1-cis diltiazem, a less active stereoisomer, stimulated [3H]nimodipine (0.17 nM) binding to sarcolemmal membranes (ED50 for diltiazem = 1.1 microM). In the presence of 10 microM d-cis-diltiazem, [3H]nimodipine binding sites were doubled, but there was no change in the apparent affinity. Perfused rat hearts were treated with 250 nM d-cis-diltiazem. The negative inotropic response to nimodipine was dramatically potentiated (I50, from 1.1 to 0.033 microM). The pharmacological and binding effects were observed only at 37 degrees C. It is possible that diltiazem in some way converts low affinity to high affinity sites. PMID- 6615516 TI - Effect of ethanol on cholesterol and phospholipid composition of HeLa cells. AB - Chronic exposure of animals to ethanol leads to changes in membrane lipid composition which may be related to the development of tolerance and physical dependence. The object of the present study was to investigate this phenomenon at a cellular level. HeLa cells were grown in the presence of ethanol (86 mM) for periods of up to 9 days. Both the cholesterol and phospholipid concentration of these cells increased during this period but the cholesterol:phospholipid ratio remained unchanged. Among the phospholipid classes phosphatidic acid decreased while phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine increased rapidly, returning toward control values by 9 days. Significant decreases were observed in saturated (14:0, 16:0) and monoenoic (16:1, 18:1) fatty acids while the major polyenoic fatty acid (20:4) increased. It is concluded that cultured mammalian cells represent a useful model for investigation of the direct effects of ethanol on membrane lipid metabolism. PMID- 6615517 TI - Effect of zinc on the Stokes' radius of metallothionein. AB - Apothionein was prepared from rat liver metallothionein-II. To this, zinc, as zinc acetate, was re-added in a stepwise fashion to yield a series of complexes with ratios of metal to protein varying from 1:1 to 7:1. The Stokes' radius of the apoprotein and each zinc-metallothionein complex was then determined by gel filtration. A plot of atoms Zn/mol metallothionein versus Stokes' radius yielded a sigmoid curve, with values for Stokes' radius ranging from 20.8 A for the apoprotein 15.4 A for the fully saturated zinc complex. PMID- 6615518 TI - A thermally driven interconversion of B and Z-dna. AB - CD and IR studies show that poly(dG-dMeC) in dilute Mg++ and Na+ solutions (e.g., 2 mM Mg++ and 55 mM Na+) undergoes reversible thermal interconversion of B and Z forms, in contrast to previous reports that the transition is independent of temperature and has an enthalpy change of zero. The B conformation is stable under the above conditions at lower temperature (approximately 5 degrees) and the Z form above approximately 20 degrees. The conversion is relatively slow in both directions, but is more rapid in the Z leads to B direction. PMID- 6615519 TI - Correlation of metal toxicity with in vitro calmodulin inhibition. AB - A fundamental biochemical process that is directly and universally related to the toxicity of metals and metal compounds has yet to be identified. Results of studies reported here indicate that the toxicity of a series of divalent metal cations correlates well with the metals' ability to inhibit the Ca2+ receptor protein calmodulin (r = 0.986). Because calmodulin regulates a variety of cellular enzymes and processes including intracellular Ca2+ concentrations, calmodulin inhibition may have value for predicting metal toxicity and for revealing information about the mechanism by which metals induce toxic effects. PMID- 6615520 TI - The synthesis, bioactivity and enzyme stability of D-Ala2, EPhe4, Leu5 enkephalins. AB - We have synthesized the first enkephalin analog containing a "cyclopropyl" phenylalanine (Phe) residue. The E-configuration of this residue is apparently responsible for its low activity in the MVD and GPI muscle assays. The enkephalin is very stable to cleavage by carboxypeptidase Y. PMID- 6615521 TI - The effect of pH on the formal reduction potential of adrenodoxin in the presence and absence of adrenodoxin reductase: the implication in the electron transfer mechanism. AB - We have investigated the formal reduction potentials (E degrees') of adrenodoxin with and without adrenodoxin reductase in order to elucidate the mechanism of electron transfer from adrenodoxin reductase (a flavoprotein) to adrenodoxin (an iron-sulfur protein). It was found by our spectropotentiostatic method that adrenodoxin showed no variation of E degrees' at different pH's in the absence of adrenodoxin reductase. The average E degrees' was -252 +/- 2 mV in the pH range between 6.0 and 8.3. In the presence of adrenodoxin reductase, adrenodoxin exhibited, on the other hand, a pH dependence of E degrees' at pH higher than 7.2 with a slope of -59 mV per pH unit: Adrenodoxin molecule possesses one protonation site with a pKa of 7.2. Cyclic voltammograms of adrenodoxin additionally revealed that the reoxidation reaction of reduced adrenodoxin is very slow in the absence of adrenodoxin reductase, but that it is readily reoxidized in the presence of adrenodoxin reductase. PMID- 6615522 TI - Stereoselective metabolism of 7-nitrobenz(a)anthracene to 3,4- and 8,9- trans dihydrodiols. AB - Metabolism of 7-nitrobenz(a)anthracene (7-NO2-BA) by rat liver microsomes yielded 7-NO2-BA trans-3,4-dihydrodiol and 7-NO2-BA trans-8,9-dihydrodiol as major metabolites. Proton NMR spectral analyses indicate that 7-NO2-BA trans-3,4 dihydrodiol preferentially adopts a quasidiequatorial conformation and that 7-NO2 BA trans-8,9-dihydrodiol adopts a mixture of quasidiequatorial and quasidiaxial conformations. Circular dichroism spectral analyses of these compounds and their diacetoxy derivatives indicated that the major enantiomers of both dihydrodiols have R,R absolute stereochemistries. The identification of 7-NO2-BA trans-8,9 dihydrodiol as a metabolite of 7-NO2-BA indicates that oxidative metabolism can occur at position peri to the nitro substituent. PMID- 6615523 TI - The 60S ribosomal subunit is altered in the skeletal muscle of dystrophic hamsters. AB - Polysomes from the skeletal muscle of normal and dystrophic hamsters were dissociated into ribosomal subunits by treatment with puromycin and the subunits from both strains were reassociated in all possible combinations. When their protein synthesis activity was assayed in a poly(U)-directed cell-free system at a low magnesium concentration, the reassociated ribosomes from dystrophic hamsters were less active than the ribosomes from control animals. The ribosomal defect is a property of the 60S subunit and is due to a ribosomal component rather than to abnormal binding of a non-ribosomal protein. PMID- 6615525 TI - Spectroscopic characterization of rat kidney Hg,Cu-metallothionein. AB - Absorption, circular dichroism (CD), magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) and emission spectra are reported for rat kidney Hg,Cu-metallothionein isoform 3 isolated following induction of the metallothionein with HgCl2. While the absorption spectrum is featureless, both the CD and MCD spectra show resolved bands that arise from the Cu-thiolate and Hg-thiolate groups. The emission spectrum at 77 K is much more complicated than would be expected for a copper (I) containing metallothionein. It is suggested the emission only arises from the copper-thiolate groups but that the presence of the mercury results in copper ions in several different environments depending on the nature of the nearest neighbour. PMID- 6615524 TI - Evidence that adriamycin resistance in Chinese hamster lung cells is regulated by phosphorylation of a plasma membrane glycoprotein. AB - Incubation of adriamycin resistant Chinese hamster lung cells with low levels of N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) results in a major increase in the cellular accumulation of drug. When resistant cells are prelabeled with [32Pi] and thereafter treated with NEM there also occurs a selective superphosphorylation of an 180K plasma membrane glycoprotein (P-180). This phosphorylation reaction occurs at both serine and threonine residues. In similar experiments with drug sensitive cells only minor levels of this protein can be detected. Detailed studies have established that in cells which have reverted to drug sensitivity there is a parallel loss in the presence of phosphorylated P-180. Also in cells which have undergone partial reversion to drug sensitivity there is a correlation between levels of superphosphorylated P-180 and adriamycin resistance. These results provide evidence that adriamycin resistance is dependent on the presence of P 180. The results also suggest that the biological activity of this protein is highly regulated by phosphorylation and that in the superphosphorylated state P 180 is inactive and under these conditions the resistant cell is converted to a drug sensitive phenotype. PMID- 6615526 TI - Kinetics of gossypol inhibition of bovine lactate dehydrogenase X. AB - Gossypol, a polyphenolic binaphthalene dialdehyde isolated from cotton meal is a potent inhibitor of lactate dehydrogenase-X purified from bovine testis. For the conversion of pyruvate to lactate the IC50 for gossypol is 200 microM for the reverse reaction the IC50 is 12 microM. Gossypol is a competitive inhibitor of NADH, Ki = 30 microM (Km = 17 microM), and NAD+, Ki = 6 microM (Km = 130 microM), and noncompetitive for pyruvate, Ki = 220 microM (Km = 224 microM), and lactate, Ki = 52 microM (Km = 5.6 mM). PMID- 6615527 TI - The dimeric structure of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). AB - The results of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and cross-linking experiments indicated that carcinoembryonic antigen is a dimer composed of two identical or closely similar noncovalently bound subunits, dissociating on heating in the presence of SDS. The dissociation is reversible upon the detergent removal. PMID- 6615528 TI - 43Ca and 67Zn NMR spectra of Ca2+, Zn2+-concanavalin A solutions. AB - The half-band width of 43Ca NMR of free aqueous Ca2+ was scarcely increased by adding more than equal molar apo-concanavalin A(apo-Con A), suggesting that slow chemical exchange, koff less than 10 s-1, occurs for the Ca2+ ion from Con A. In contrast with the 43Ca NMR findings, the half-band width of 67Zn NMR of free aqueous Zn2+ was markedly increased by adding apo-Con A. The 67Zn NMR half-band width of Zn2+ in the presence of apo-Con A was decreased by adding excess Ca2+, but was increased by adding excess D-mannose. These changes of the half-band width were influenced mutually by D-mannose or Ca2+, respectively. The broadened half-band widths of Zn2+ in the presence of Con A were decreased by adding Mn2+, suggesting that Mn2+ was substituted for Zn2+ at a metal binding site of Con A. PMID- 6615529 TI - Translational inhibition by heme of the synthesis of hepatic delta aminolevulinate synthase in a cell-free system. AB - Synthesis of delta-aminolevulinate synthase in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system directed by total polysomes from the liver of allylisopropylacetamide treated rats was studied with the combined use of [3H]leucine and a specific rabbit antibody. The protein synthesis observed in the cell-free system employed represented mainly the peptide chain elongation and its termination rather than the net synthesis involving initiation. Synthesis of delta-aminolevulinate synthase in this cell-free system was inhibited progressively with the increased addition of hemin; the synthesis was reduced to about 40% by about 30 microM hemin. Synthesis of total protein, however, was not significantly affected by the addition of hemin. The data obtained suggest that heme inhibits a peptide chain elongation step in the synthesis of delta-aminolevulinate synthase. PMID- 6615530 TI - Effect of experimental hyperthyroidism on the elemental content of rat hepatocytes. AB - X-ray microanalysis has been used to determine elemental content in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes of hyperthyroid rats in comparison with euthyroid controls. No significant differences were found for any examined element (sodium, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, potassium, magnesium and calcium). In contrast to earlier reports from another laboratory, these data indicate that thyroid hormones do not substantially affect elemental content in rat hepatocytes. PMID- 6615531 TI - An enzyme from Streptococcus mutans forms branches on dextran in the absence of sucrose. AB - An enzyme in glucosyltransferase preparations from Streptococcus mutans catalyzed the transfer of [14C]glucopyranoside from purified isomaltosaccharides, each containing [14C]glucopyranoside at its non-reducing terminus, to acceptor dextran, in the absence of sucrose. Half of the radioactivity present in the resulting [14C]dextrans was resistant to hydrolysis by amylo-1,6-glucosidase. Treatment of the [14C]dextrans with endodextranase resulted in extensive hydrolysis and produced [14C]-labeled limit oligosaccharides containing branch sites. Acetolysis of the [14C]-labeled limit oligosaccharides yielded [14C]nigerose, thus indicating the formation of branch sites on dextran in the absence of sucrose. The enzyme catalyzing this reaction has not been identified but appears to be independent of the major extracellular glucosyltransferases of S. mutans. PMID- 6615532 TI - The occurrence of polysialogangliosides including ganglio-N-tetraose series in adult bovine nasal cartilage. AB - We extracted glycolipids from adult bovine nasal cartilage and purified some glycolipids by DEAE-Sephadex A-25 and Iatrobeads column chromatography. Cartilage contained 20 nmol of lipid bound sialic acid per gram wet tissue. The relative content of mono, di, tri, and tetrasialo gangliosides were 14%, 40%, 28% and 18%, respectively, as sialic acid content. We characterized some by examining carbohydrate composition, methylation analysis, sialidase treatment and mild acid hydrolysis. The ganglio-N-tetraose series, including GD1a, GD1b, GT1a, GT1b and GQ1b, was identified as one of the major ganglioside groups of this cartilage. PMID- 6615533 TI - Tubulin is a major protein constituent of bovine brain coated vesicles. AB - A major protein constituent of coated vesicles derived from bovine brain is present as a Mr = 55,000 protein doublet on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. This protein comigrates with purified calf brain tubulin after two-dimensional electrophoresis, binds tubulin antibody and has two-dimensional tryptic peptide maps identical to those of purified tubulin. The results indicate that tubulin is a major protein constituent of coated vesicles. Coated vesicles had no significant effect on the polymerization rate of purified tubulin. Therefore, the physiological relevance of tubulin associated with coated vesicles remains to be determined. PMID- 6615534 TI - Phospholipase C activity in plasma membranes isolated from lapine synovial cells in monolayer culture. AB - Plasma membranes were isolated from lapine synovial cells grown in monolayer culture using discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugation techniques. 5'nucleotidase was detected in great abundance while glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase were present at low to undetectable levels. Plasma membranes incubated at 37 degrees C for 60 min with [3H]-arachidonyl phosphatidylinositol/phosphatidylserine synthesized [3H]-diacylglycerides. Little if any [3H]-diacylglyceride synthesis was measured when [3H]-arachidonyl phosphatidylcholine or [3H]-arachidonyl-phosphatidylethanolamine were used as substrates. These results are consistent with a plasma membrane-associated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C from lapine synovial cells in culture. PMID- 6615535 TI - Radioimmunoassay of human prolactin based on a 13 amino acid synthetic analog of the amino terminus. AB - A 13 amino acid analog of the human prolactin amino terminus was synthesized, substituting tyrosine for valine at residue 13. The peptide was coupled to crystalline bovine serum albumin for antisera production. The peptide was used for iodination with 125I, and displacement curves were found to be parallel when human prolactin and the synthetic peptide were compared as standards. The radioimmunoassay using the synthetic peptide has the advantages of purity in its roles as hapten in the antigen and as labelled peptide, of ease of iodination of the peptide, of its stability after iodination, and of obviating the need for native human prolactin. The radioimmunoassay is suitable for the measurement of human prolactin concentration in plasma. PMID- 6615536 TI - Glycolipid-lectin interactions: detection by direct binding of 125I-lectins to thin layer chromatograms. AB - Glycolipids that bind 125I-labeled lectins are detected by autoradiography after thin layer chromatography of glycolipid standards or crude lipid extracts. Soybean agglutinin, Bandeiraea simplicifolia I isolectins A4 and B4, and Helix pomatia lectin are used to detect corresponding cell surface, glycolipid receptors in human and bovine erythrocytes. When lipid extracts from A and AB erythrocyte stroma are analyzed with Helix pomatia lectin, a polymorphic expression of blood group A glycolipid determinants is detected. The Bandeiraea simplicifolia isolectins react weakly with human erythrocyte glycolipids but bind at least 4 glycolipids in bovine stroma extracts. Soybean agglutinin reacts with glycolipids in all erythrocytes analyzed. This technique extends lectin specificity studies from inhibition analyses in aqueous systems using available, known structures to identification of specific, lectin-binding glycolipids in crude lipid extracts of cell membranes. PMID- 6615537 TI - Protein structure by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy: second derivative spectra. AB - Second derivative Fourier transform infrared spectra of the proteins ribonuclease A, hemoglobin, and beta-lactoglobulin A (native and denatured) have been obtained in deuterium oxide solution from 1350 to 1800 cm-1. The relationship of the original spectra to their second derivatives is briefly discussed. In the second derivative spectra, clearly resolved peaks are observed which can be associated with the alpha-helix, beta-strands, and turns. No protein spectra with such resolution have heretofore been reported. Tentative assignments are proposed, and the observed peaks are related to the secondary structure of the proteins studied. The data appear to present the first direct spectroscopic evidence of turns in a native protein. PMID- 6615538 TI - Effects of photodynamic action on energy coupling of Ca2+ uptake in liver mitochondria. AB - In mitochondria isolated from rat liver, incubated in the presence of 6 X 10(-3) mM hematoporphyrin and irradiated with UV light at 365 nm, respiration, oxidative phosphorylation and Ca2+ uptake were measured in order to determine the respective photosensitivity of these functions. Irradiation with increasing doses produces uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation followed by inhibition of Ca2+ uptake and finally arrest of respiration. Ca2+ uptake stimulated by the addition of ATP was also studied in mitochondria uncoupled by irradiation which were still able to concentrate Ca2+ aerobically. Anaerobic Ca2+ uptake driven by ATP hydrolysis was found to be similar in control and in irradiated mitochondria, suggesting a different photosensitivity for the ATPase as compared to the ATP synthase activity. PMID- 6615539 TI - Diabetes-induced variation in hepatic binding protein. AB - The total capacity of hepatocytes to bind asialoorosomucoid was measured on normal and streptozotocin diabetic rats. 4 days after the streptozotocin injection, a slight decrease of total receptor concentration was observed while a more marked reduction of cell surface receptor occurred. In animals sacrificed 11 days after the streptozotocin injection, the total capacity of hepatocytes to bind asialoorosomucoid was about 70% of the normal level. PMID- 6615540 TI - Localization of hydrophobic sites in calmodulin and skeletal muscle troponin C studied using tryptic fragments: a simple method of their preparation. AB - The exposure of hydrophobic sites on calmodulin, skeletal muscle troponin C and their tryptic fragments was investigated using Phenyl-Sepharose chromatography. A strong binding of both proteins and their fragments corresponding to the NH2 terminal halves of polypeptide chain of respective proteins in the presence of calcium ions was observed. Only a weak interaction with Phenyl-Sepharose or its lack was observed under these conditions for fragments corresponding to the COOH terminal halves of calmodulin and troponin C, respectively. The elution of the samples from Phenyl-Sepharose column with ethylene glycol gradient allowed to compare relative hydrophobicity of both proteins and their fragments. The results show that hydrophobic properties of calmodulin and troponin C are virtually preserved in their fragments obtained as a result of their cleavage by trypsin in half. They also indicated that the exposure of hydrophobic residues caused by the binding of calcium ions takes place mainly in the NH2-terminal halves of polypeptide chains of both proteins. A simple method of purification of tryptic fragments of both proteins based on the difference in the strength of their interactions with Phenyl-Sepharose is described. PMID- 6615541 TI - Effect of thioacetamide-induced hepatic necrosis on the regioselective metabolism of S-warfarin by rat liver mixed-function oxidase enzymes. AB - The biotransformation of S-warfarin was examined using liver microsomes prepared from rats 6-96 hr after treatment with a necrotizing dose (5.6 mmoles/kg) of thioacetamide. Four catalytically distinct classes of enzyme activity were observed which declined in activity with different half-lives after thioacetamide intoxication. S-Warfarin 7-hydroxylase activity was destroyed with a half-life of 16.6 +/- 3.1 hr. 6-Hydroxylase activity was destroyed with a half-life of 25.3 +/ 3.0 hr. 4'-Hydroxylase activity was destroyed with a half-life of 34.6 +/- 4.8 hr, which paralleled the loss of total hepatic cytochrome P-450 with a half-life of 33.4 +/- 3.6 hr. Production of an unidentified metabolite was not affected by thioacetamide intoxication during the first 48 hr. The ratio of rates of product formation were used as an alternative method to test the homogeneity of distinct enzyme catalytic activities. The ratio of measured responses (e.g. chromatographic peak heights) was used directly to determine the product ratios, provided that the rate of formation of each product was directly proportional to the experimentally measured response for each product. The use of product response ratios to discriminate between catalytic activities was inherently more precise because calibration errors were eliminated. Differences in the rates of destruction of warfarin hydroxylases provided further evidence of the multiplicity of hepatic mixed-function oxidases and suggested topographical differences in their location within the liver lobule. PMID- 6615542 TI - Mechanism of ticrynafen potentiation of coumarin anticoagulant action. AB - Administration of the antihypertensive drug ticrynafen [2,3-dichloro-4-(2 thienylcarbonyl)-phenoxyacetic acid] has been reported to potentiate the effects of coumarin anticoagulants and to have caused hemorrhagic incidents in some patients. This drug interaction has now been reproduced in the rat. Ticrynafen administration enhanced the degree of hypoprothrombinemia and altered plasma and hepatic vitamin K epoxide concentrations in warfarin-treated rats. Ticrynafen did not affect vitamin K-dependent carboxylase or vitamin K epoxide reductase activities in vitro. Cytosolic DT-diaphorase was very sensitive to ticrynafen inhibition in vitro, and inhibition of vitamin K reduction via this enzyme is a possible mechanism by which ticrynafen potentiates coumarin anticoagulant action. Inhibition of this enzyme may also contribute to the reported hepatotoxicity of ticrynafen. PMID- 6615543 TI - Inhibition by trifluoperazine and digitonin of several forms of pinocytosis. AB - The effect of the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine on fluid phase, adsorptive and receptor-mediated pinocytosis in cultured human fibroblasts and mouse peritoneal macrophages was studied. Uptake in each case was reversibly inhibited by about 20% without toxic effects. Low concentrations of the detergent digitonin had a similar effect. Thus the three uptake mechanisms have common features, and we suggest that in both fibroblasts and macrophages they may reflect uptake within vesicles participating in receptor-mediated endocytosis. These effects of trifluoperazine may operate directly on membranes without the participation of calmodulin. PMID- 6615544 TI - Ribo- and deoxyribonucleoside effect on 3'-amino-2',3'-dideoxycytidine-induced cytotoxicity in cultured L1210 cells. AB - 3'Amino-2',3'-dideoxycytidine (3'-NH2-dCyd) is a potent inhibitor of the replication of cultured L1210 cells, with an IC50 of 1 microM. When ribo- and deoxyribonucleosides were examined for their effects on 3'-NH2-dCyd-induced cytotoxicity, only dCyd could both prevent and reverse these effects. Furthermore, even when the maximum increase in modal cell volume was allowed to develop (24 hr) in the presence of 2.5 microM 3'-NH2-dCyd, the addition of 25 microM dCyd to the medium containing 3'-NH2-dCyd reduced the modal cell volume nearly to control levels within 24 hr. Examination of the viability of these cells by colony formation in soft agar, following as much as a 9.5-hr exposure of 1, 2.5 and 10 microM 3'-NH2-dCyd, revealed that the lethal effects of the 3'-NH2 dCyd treatment were not observed only when 25 microM dCyd was added to the medium during this time. However, the lethality of a 24-hr exposure of 2.5 and 10 microM 3'-NH2-dCyd could not be prevented either by removal of the drug from the medium or by a 24-hr exposure of the medium containing 3'-NH2-dCyd to 25 microM dCyd. When the effect of 3'-NH2-dCyd on DNA biosynthesis in L1210 cells was examined, it was found that radiolabeled dAdo incorporation decreased by approximately 60, 80 or 90% following a 2.5-hr exposure to 2.5, 10 or 20 microM 3'-NH2-dCyd respectively. The addition of 25 microM dCyd under the same conditions resulted in a greater amount of dAdo incorporation compared to the unrescued cultures. Deamination of 3'-NH2-dCyd by partially purified human cytidine-deoxycytidine deaminase was about 2.5% that of either Cyd or dCyd deamination. The deaminated derivative, 3'-amino-2',3'-dideoxyuridine, was significantly less cytotoxic even at 50 microM. PMID- 6615545 TI - The nature of the binding of [3H]mepyramine to homogenates of guinea-pig cerebral cortex at different [3H]ligand concentrations. PMID- 6615546 TI - Induction by chloroform of two forms of ornithine decarboxylase in rat liver. Half-life of isozymes. AB - Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in rat liver was separated into two species by DEAE Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. The activity of both species of ODC was increased at least 20-fold by chloroform treatment of the rats. The major species, Peak A, contained 65% of the ODC activity and possessed a half-life of 11 min. The second species, Peak B, accounted for 35% of the activity and possessed a half-life of 50 min. The long-lived species of ODC activity, induced in rat liver by chloroform, has not been reported previously and might be related to the prolonged induction of ODC activity by chloroform and to tumor promotion and growth. PMID- 6615547 TI - Inhibitory actions of hydralazine upon monoamine oxidizing enzymes in the rat. AB - The inhibition by hydralazine of the clorgyline-resistant amine oxidase (CRAO) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) activities in various rat tissues has been studied. Hydralazine was a potent, time-dependent inhibitor of rat heart CRAO activity in vitro. The inhibition was not reversed by dialysis for 18 hr at 4 degrees, and only partially reversed by dialysis at 37 degrees. Dialysis at 4 degrees in the presence of pyridoxal phosphate (10(-4) M) also did not reverse the inhibition. Ex vivo inhibition of CRAO was found in heart and aorta homogenates in a dose dependent manner after administration of hydralazine (1-40 mg/kg i.p.) to rats. In contrast, MAO-A activity was unaffected or, in some cases, significantly increased in these tissue homogenates from drug-treated animals. However, in vitro inhibition by hydralazine of both MAO-A and B activities of rat liver mitochondrial fractions was found, and these effects were fully reversible by dialysis for 18 hr at 4 degrees. Inhibition of MAO-A was competitive (Ki of 2.5 X 10(-6) M), while inhibition of MAO-B showed complex mixed non-competitive kinetics. These results indicate that hydralazine possesses different inhibitory properties towards the various amine oxidases in rat tissues, and these actions are discussed in relation to the clinical use of the drug as an anti-hypertensive agent. PMID- 6615548 TI - Identification and quantitation of glutathione in hepatic protein mixed disulfides and its relationship to glutathione disulfide. AB - The amount of glutathione present in hepatic protein mixed disulfides was determined to be 20-30 nmole/g liver. This was established using two specific enzymatic methods: (a) the coupled assay with DTNB and glutathione (GSSG) reductase and (b) a newly developed test using GSH transferase and 1-chloro-2,4 dinitrobenzene for the estimation of GSH released from proteins after borohydride treatment; further, these results were confirmed by HPLC analysis. Thus, authentic glutathione makes up only 2-6% of the value for total protein mixed disulfides. The latter were determined with the generally employed o phthalaldehyde assay, which is not necessarily specific for GSH. The amount of glutathione mixed disulfides depends linearly on the content of glutathione disulfide in the liver cell in the range studied. By increasing the GSSG levels from 20 to about 60 nmole/g liver with paraquat, nitrofurantoin or t-butyl hydroperoxide, glutathione protein mixed disulfides are increased by a similar amount. PMID- 6615549 TI - Trapping of labelled ligands in intact cells: a pitfall in binding studies. AB - Binding on/in whole cells seems to be a more appropriate approach for studying receptor sites in physiological conditions. However, certain difficulties encountered throughout the characterization of [3H]spiperone binding in human lymphocytes led us to reconsider this problem. The IC50 values of [3H]spiperone binding to human lymphocytes did not correlate with those found in rat striatum; domperidone was inactive in lymphocytes whereas it is one of the most potent dopamine antagonists in rat striatal preparations in vitro. In contrast, chloroquine, a lysosomotropic drug, displaced [3H]spiperone at low concentration in intact lymphocytes but did not in the striatum. [3H]Spiperone binding was not displaceable in the membrane preparation of lymphocytes. Similar results were obtained with other intact cells, fibroblasts, hepatocytes and neuroblastoma cells using [3H]spiperone and other ligands, such as [3H]haloperidol, [3H]pyrilamine and [3H]ketanserin. Here again, displaceable binding was only present in intact cells but not in membrane fractions. Such a 'displaceable' binding was not related to receptor sites but may be regarded as non-specific binding which should correspond to a trapping phenomenon presumably in the lysosomes. Binding studies on intact cells need more caution than when performed on membrane preparations; indeed, permeation or trapping of ligands in the nanomolar range represents a serious drawback which, sometimes, can give the illusion of specific binding. PMID- 6615550 TI - Role of ethanol metabolism in the alcohol-induced increase in urinary folate excretion in rats. AB - Chronic ethanol use can lead to folic acid deficiency in humans. In rats, acute doses of ethanol produce a marked increase in the urinary excretion of folate which is followed by a decrease in plasma folate levels. To assess the respective roles of ethanol and its metabolism in these effects, five groups of male Sprague Dawley rats were treated orally as follows: (1) ethanol in four doses of 1 g/kg each at 0, 1, 2 and 3 hr; (2) ethanol as above plus the alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP) at 50 mg/kg, i.p., 15 min prior to 0 hr; (3) glucose in four isocaloric doses; (4) glucose plus 4-MP as above; and (5) methanol in four doses of 1 g/kg. Total folate levels in the urine peaked in both ethanol- and methanol-treated rats at the same time as the urine alcohol levels (after 6-8 hr) and then declined over the same time course as the alcohol levels. Concurrent administration of 4-MP inhibited the metabolism of ethanol and maintained the increase in urinary folate excretion throughout 24 hr. Ethanol administration produced minor changes in the relative distribution of folate derivatives in the urine, and these changes were not prevented by 4-MP treatment. The urinary levels of formic acid, which is metabolized by folate-dependent processes, were increased by ethanol administration; this increase was prevented by 4-MP. These results suggest that ethanol is not unique among alcohols in increasing urinary folate excretion and that ethanol metabolism plays no role in the increased urinary folate excretion. However, ethanol metabolism contributes to a second effect of ethanol on the folate system, which leads to increased urinary levels of formic acid. PMID- 6615551 TI - Physical association of oestrogens and other steroids with DNA. AB - 4C-Labelled mestranol, 3-O-methyl oestrone and cholesterol-5 alpha,6 alpha-oxide have been prepared. Along with the natural oestrogens, E1 and E2, and other steroids, these compounds have been used to determine the extent of their physical association with DNA. Analysis of binding both by equilibrium solubilization and by caesium chloride density gradient centrifugation showed the same relative order of binding: mestranol greater than 3-O-methyl oestrone greater than oestrone greater than cholic acid greater than cholesterol-5 alpha,6 alpha-oxide greater than progesterone, testosterone greater than oestradiol. DNA from Micrococcus lysodeikticus showed a higher affinity for cholic acid than did calf thymus DNA, while pretreatment of the latter with proteinase K somewhat reduced the level of physical binding of oestrone. PMID- 6615552 TI - Hepatic redox homeostasis following acute adriamycin intoxication in rats. AB - Adriamycin toxicity is postulated to result from cytochrome P-450 reductase catalyzed univalent reduction of the quinone to the semiquinone free radical intermediate. Oxygen radicals generated during the nonenzymatic reoxidation of the semiquinone have been implicated in the deleterious modification of a variety of tissue macromolecules. Detoxification of reactive products, such as hydroperoxides, is proposed to involve the consumption of vital cellular reducing equivalents which may, in itself, represent the primary causative event in toxic tissue damage. The present investigation demonstrates that hepatic tissue has sufficient glutathione (GSH) reductase to prevent a decrease in GSH following acute adriamycin administration to rats. Similarly, except for a transient decrease in NAD, adriamycin intoxication caused minimal changes in the hepatic pyridine nucleotide content in vivo. It is concluded that species- and tissue specific differences in the distribution of antioxidant defense mechanisms may be primary determinants of the relative insensitivity of liver and, in contrast, the rather selective cardiomyopathy resulting from adriamycin administration in vivo. PMID- 6615553 TI - Effect of clofibrate on the metabolism of oleate in the perfused rat liver. AB - The effect of clofibrate on the metabolism of [1-14C]- and [U-14C]oleate was examined in the perfused rat liver. Clofibrate feeding severely reduced hepatic triglyceride secretion and enhanced ketone body production. The increase in the rate of incorporation of labeled tracers into perfusate oxidation products and ketone bodies due to the clofibrate treatment was demonstrated only with [U 14C]oleate. Clofibrate strongly reduced the rate of incorporation of oleate into perfusate triglyceride, whereas that into the phospholipid fraction of the post perfused liver doubled. In consequence, the sum of the radioactivities in esterified lipids in the perfusate and the post-perfused liver was not altered by clofibrate. A clofibrate-dependent increase in phospholipid synthesis may restrict the amount of exogenous fatty acid which is available for the formation of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. PMID- 6615554 TI - Relation between molecular weight and pulmonary absorption rate of lipid insoluble compounds in neonatal and adult rats. PMID- 6615555 TI - Covalent binding and the mechanism of paracetamol toxicity. PMID- 6615556 TI - Induction of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 and associated monooxygenases by pentamethylbenzene in the rat. PMID- 6615557 TI - Relationships between propranolol plasma protein binding, glycoprotein concentration, and enzyme induction following phenobarbital administration in the dog. PMID- 6615558 TI - Antioxidant effect of acetaminophen in rat liver. PMID- 6615559 TI - Actions of certain calcium channel blockers and calmodulin antagonists on inorganic phosphate-induced swelling and inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation of heart mitochondria. PMID- 6615560 TI - Pharmacological properties of T-kinin (isoleucyl-seryl-bradykinin) from rat plasma. PMID- 6615561 TI - Rheumatologic manifestations of histoplasmosis in the recent Indianapolis epidemic. AB - Rheumatologic manifestations were noted in 24 (6.3%) of 381 patients with symptomatic histoplasmosis who were seen during a recent epidemic in Indianapolis. Typically, these patients had rapidly additive, rather than migratory, arthritis or arthralgia, which was symmetric in 50%. Ten patients had oligo- or monarticular disease. Knees, ankles, wrists, and small joints of the hand were the most common sites affected. Eleven patients had erythema nodosum. The rheumatologic manifestations were usually mild and, in all but 2 patients, resolved without treatment or with a brief course of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. The joint disease in patients with erythema nodosum was essentially the same as that seen in patients who did not develop skin lesions. However, those without erythema nodosum more frequently exhibited systemic features, e.g., chills, fever, anemia, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates. Rheumatologic complaints led 16 of the patients in this series (67%) to seek medical attention, and in 3 patients they constituted the sole presenting complaint. PMID- 6615562 TI - Leukapheresis in rheumatoid arthritis. Association of clinical improvement with reversal of anergy. AB - In order to study the clinical and immunologic effects of a brief course of leukapheresis, 14 patients with clinically similar rheumatoid arthritis were segregated into 2 subgroups. Group A (7 patients) had subnormal lymphocyte tritiated thymidine incorporation to soluble antigens. After a brief course of leukapheresis, 6 of these 7 patients demonstrated substantial clinical improvement associated with significantly enhanced lymphocyte tritiated thymidine incorporation to soluble antigens. In contrast, none of the 7 patients in group B (normal immune functions) demonstrated similar changes in articular indices or lymphocyte proliferation. Thus, clinical improvement induced in a subset of rheumatoid arthritis patients appears to reflect modulation of function, and not simply immunosuppression. PMID- 6615563 TI - Type II collagen-induced arthritis. Studies with purified anticollagen immunoglobulin. AB - Immunization of rats with native bovine type II collagen results in a polyarthritis by day 21 in approximately 40% of the rats. Sera of these rats contained anticollagen IgG, principally IgG2a. Small amounts of IgG2b were also detected, but IgG1 and IgG2c were absent. By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the paw tissue of these polyarthritic rats was shown to contain anticollagen IgG, the principal subclass being IgG2a, with minor amounts of IgG2b. Immunofluorescence examination of the paws from polyarthritic rats demonstrated deposition of both IgG and C3 on the articular surface. Passive transfer of disease was accomplished by injection of affinity-purified anticollagen immunoglobulin into naive recipients; paw swelling and histopathologic changes were detected 24 hours after transfer, and by immunofluorescence techniques IgG and C3 deposits were demonstrable on the articular cartilage. On passive transfer, neutrophils invaded the joint space and became juxtaposed to the surface of the articular cartilage. Passive transfer of the disease with anticollagen immunoglobulin was unsuccessful after rats were decomplemented with cobra venom factor; immunofluorescence demonstrated IgG but not C3 on the articular cartilage of these decomplemented rats. In rats decomplemented with cobra venom factor, neutrophils did not accumulate in the joint and erosion of articular cartilage was not detected. PMID- 6615564 TI - Total knee arthroplasty in juvenile arthritis. AB - Sixteen patients with 29 knee arthroplasties due to juvenile arthritis were studied. Eight patients had been wheelchair-bound and were nonambulatory due to hip and knee involvement. Surgery was indicated for correction of deformity, decreased range of motion, and relief of pain. The average preoperative disability score was 40.3, and postoperative score was 79.9. Thirteen of the 16 patients also required bilateral hip replacement arthroplasty. The average hospital stay for bilateral knee arthroplasty under one anesthesia was 45.3 days. The average followup was 36 months with a range of 24 months to 7 years. The overall results were excellent in 13 knees, good in 11, fair in 3, and poor in 2. Ambulation improved in all but 2 of the knees. Of the 2 failures, 1 was due to deep infection and the other to severity of disease and poor cooperation of the patient, who remains wheelchair-bound. PMID- 6615565 TI - Erosive arthritis in hereditary amyloidosis. AB - Nine patients from 2 distinct kindreds with familial amyloidosis had episodes of inflammatory arthritis and radiographic evidence of joint erosions. Histologic features from erosive lesions in both kindreds showed proliferation of synovium with erosive bone and cartilage change. No large amyloid deposits were seen. This study indicates that an erosive synovitis of unknown cause may be a feature of some forms of hereditary amyloidosis. PMID- 6615566 TI - Acquired acroosteolysis and acronecrosis. PMID- 6615567 TI - A prospective clinical study of the effect of pregnancy on rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 6615568 TI - Multi-joint pneumococcal pyarthrosis in a patient with a chemotactic defect. PMID- 6615569 TI - Yersinia enterocolitica infection presenting as chronic enteropathic arthritis. PMID- 6615570 TI - Pneumarthrosis in a shoulder infected with serratia liquefasciens: case report and literature review. PMID- 6615571 TI - Serial changes in nailfold capillary morphology in childhood dermatomyositis. PMID- 6615572 TI - Pancreatitis in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6615573 TI - Monoclonal antibody (HNK 1-Leu 7) defined lymphoid cells in the blood of rheumatoid arthritis patients. PMID- 6615575 TI - Osteoarticular manifestations of exposure to toxic rapeseed oil. PMID- 6615574 TI - Immunoglobulin A and M deficiency in "unclassified" HLA-B27 related arthropathy. PMID- 6615576 TI - Effects of speaking Black English upon employment opportunities. PMID- 6615577 TI - Committee on Rehabilitative Audiology Report, December 1982. PMID- 6615578 TI - The effects of smoking, hypertension and cardiovascular disease on the estimation of unscheduled DNA synthesis and covalent binding to DNA induced by N-acetoxy-2 acetylaminofluorene in resting human mononuclear leukocytes. AB - The levels of N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (NA-AAF)-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) and of NA-AAF binding to DNA have been determined in resting mononuclear leukocytes from individuals with various smoking habits, heart infarct patients and subjects diagnosed for hypertension. Age-matched and blood pressure-controlled smokers (n = 99) had significantly elevated levels of NA-AAF induced UDS and NA-AAF binding to DNA when compared to nonsmokers (n = 75) similarly corrected for age and blood pressure. Heart infarct patients without any history of risk factors, as well as diagnosed hypertensives with normalized blood pressure, were not significantly different from matched controls when assessed by the NA-AAF method. Our results support the theory that increased mutagen sensitivity is associated with smoking and high blood pressure but not with cardiovascular disease itself via some mechanism of genetic selection. PMID- 6615579 TI - High density lipoprotein cholesterol and alcohol consumption in a French male population. AB - The mean high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level in a sample of 640 apparently healthy male employees of a branch of the Paris civil service, aged 22 56, appears high (between 56.5 and 61.8 mg/dl depending on age groups). A positive relationship between HDL-C and alcohol intake is observed only after age 30, but is revealed in all age groups when the triglyceride level is taken into account. Differences in drinking habits by age may explain this. The moderate effect of alcohol intake on HDL-C is not sufficient to account for the high mean levels observed. PMID- 6615580 TI - Effects of probucol on homozygous cases of familial hypercholesterolemia. AB - A marked reduction of serum cholesterol was obtained by treatment with probucol in heterozygous as well as in homozygous cases of familial hypercholesterolemia. A strict dietary regimen (low-fat, low-calories) intensified the hypocholesterolemic effect of the drug. The drug was also useful in diminishing the rebound of serum cholesterol after plasma exchange. Probucol reduced serum triglycerides in heterozygous cases of familial hypercholesterolemia, but there was a slight increase in triglycerides in homozygous cases. Treatment with probucol resulted in the regression of cutaneous and tendon xanthomas. Although it caused a decrease in HDL, it seems to be very effective in the treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia. PMID- 6615582 TI - [Reconstructive surgery of the knee joint after hematogenic osteomyelitis in children and adolescents]. PMID- 6615581 TI - Seasonal variation of serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in men. AB - To determine if there are seasonal variations in serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), the concentration of HDL-C was measured monthly for 12 consecutive months in 31 healthy men and 24 male inpatients with schizophrenia. In addition to HDL-C, total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations in serum were assayed, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was estimated by calculation. Mean serum HDL-C levels of schizophrenic patients were significantly low compared with those of healthy controls, 35 +/- 12 and 49 +/- 11 mg/dl, respectively. The TC levels of schizophrenic patients were significantly higher in January and March as compared with August. The HDL-C levels in summer and autumn were significantly lower than those in winter and spring in both healthy men and schizophrenic patients. The concentration of LDL-C was significantly high in September and October as compared with April in healthy men. In patients with schizophrenia, LDL-C level seemed higher in January and March as compared with August. PMID- 6615583 TI - [Floating spleen in a 5-year-old girl]. PMID- 6615584 TI - [A diabetic patient with kidney insufficiency]. PMID- 6615585 TI - Pneumatic dilatation in patients with symptomatic diffuse esophageal spasm and lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction. AB - Nine patients with severe symptoms of diffuse esophageal spasm and lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction who were unresponsive to medical therapy and bougienage dilatation were treated by forceful pneumatic dilatation. Treatment with pneumatic dilatation in eight of the nine patients produced a marked improvement in dysphagia and regurgitation (average follow-up of 37.4 months). Esophageal motility performed up to three years (average 12.4 months) after clinically successful pneumatic dilatation revealed a decrease in lower esophageal sphincter pressure from 34.0 +/- 4.0 mm Hg (mean +/- standard error) to 19.2 +/- 2.7 mm Hg (P less than 0.01). There were no significant changes in either the percentage of lower esophageal sphincter relaxation or the type of esophageal motor pattern. We conclude from this study that pneumatic dilatation is an effective form of therapy for a select group of patients with severe symptomatic diffuse esophageal spasm with lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction who are unresponsive to conventional medical therapy. PMID- 6615586 TI - [Scintigraphic demonstration of asymptomatic gastroesophageal reflux]. AB - Examination of terminal esophageal function shows that a physiological reflux does most likely exist. However, with most methods a mechanical irritation cannot be excluded. With the help of gastric reflux scintigraphy and by drawing up time activity graphs, it was shown that in 7 of 12 asymptomatic test subjects at least 1 and at the most 7 reflux episodes could be observed within 1 h. This study shows that the gastric reflux scintigraphy is at present the most sensitive method of demonstrating a gastroesophageal reflux. The results allow conclusions on the function from the morphology, if consideration is taken of the fact that the sphincter function of the gastroesophageal junction is not carried out by means of a circular sphincter, but rather by means of a specially arranged muscle fibre system of the stretching-closing-mechanism kind. PMID- 6615587 TI - A simple electrode for intact nerve stimulation and/or recording in semi-chronic rats. AB - A cuff electrode for extracellular nerve stimulation and/or recording is described. It can be made from common laboratory material without the need of special equipment, and consists of a tubular silicone rubber holder enclosing the nerve and keeping it in position against two platinum wires. The assembly is sufficiently insulated to be kept amidst the surrounding tissue, hereby preventing the nerve to dry during recording periods. It can be attached to an adjoining structure, thus allowing further manipulation of the animal. PMID- 6615588 TI - [Diagnosis of "hairy cell" leukemia]. PMID- 6615589 TI - Reflex inhibition procedures for animal audiometry: a technique for assessing ototoxicity. AB - A procedure for making rapid audiometric assessments of animal subjects, based on the ability of weak stimuli to modify the strength of reflexes elicited by subsequently presented strong stimuli, is described. Pure-tone detection thresholds for rats and guinea pigs determined by this procedure are quite comparable to those determined by operant techniques, and are similarly sensitive to ototoxic insult. The procedure is also applicable to the assessment of suprathreshold sensory function, and offers advantages over commonly used procedures for assessing ototoxicity. PMID- 6615590 TI - A new antibiotic Y-T0678H produced by a Chromobacterium species. PMID- 6615591 TI - [Determination of inhibitor TAL-3 concentrations in air by thin layer chromatography]. PMID- 6615592 TI - The antibiotic edeine. XII. Isolation and structure of edeine F. AB - The peptide antibiotic edeine F produced by Bacillus brevis Vm4, one of the components of edeine antibiotics complex, was isolated from a fermentation broth and was also obtained by amidination of edeine D. Edeine F is composed of amino acids: (S)-beta-phenyl-beta-alanine, (S)-isoserine, (S)-2,3-diaminopropionic acid, (2R,6S)-diamino-(7R)-hydroxyazelaic acid, glycine and a polyamine guanidylspermidine. Enzymatic degradation of antibiotic with carboxypeptidase B, dinitrophenylation of edeine and of its enzymatic degradation products and synthesis of edeine F from edeine D of known structure permitted to postulate the chemical structure for edeine F. PMID- 6615593 TI - Some aspects of mechanism of inhibition of cholesterol absorption by beta sitosterol. AB - Mixed bile salt micelle solubilized either cholesterol or beta-sitosterol to a comparable extent. When added simultaneously, beta-sitosterol restricted the micellar solubility of cholesterol. beta-Sitosterol also reduced the cholesterol content in the aqueous (micellar) phase of the intestinal contents of rats, the extent of reduction being comparable with that observed in vitro. The intestinal uptake of cholesterol in vivo was equivalent to the micellar incorporation of cholesterol both in vitro and in vivo. beta-Sitosterol had no inhibitory effect on cholesterol absorption from the micellar solution in jejunal loops in situ, whereas the rate of beta-sitosterol uptake was only about one-fifth that of cholesterol. The intestinal uptake of beta-sitosterol intubated into the stomach of rats was about one-fifth that of cholesterol. The intestinal brush-border membrane discriminated these sterols. These results suggest that the restriction of the micellar solubility of cholesterol, rather than the inhibition of uptake from brush-border membrane, is the major determinant for the interference of beta sitosterol with cholesterol absorption. PMID- 6615594 TI - [Studies on the constituents of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg. I. Isolation and structure elucidation of two new sesquiterpenes, baimuxinic acid and baimuxinal]. PMID- 6615596 TI - Fractures of the C-1 vertebra: report of two cases documented with computed tomography. AB - Two cases of vertical fractures through the anterior arch of C-1 vertebrae are described. One was associated with an additional fracture through the posterior arch on the opposite side in the region of the vertebral artery sulcus, and the other with an additional horizontal fracture through the anterior arch. Both patients were neurologically asymptomatic. Diagnosis was made by computed tomography. PMID- 6615595 TI - Neurophysiological, psychological, and nutritional investigations during discontinuation of the phenylalanine-restricted diet in children with classic phenylketonuria. AB - Assessment of cortical sensory and psychological functions in children with classic phenylketonuria during the time period of diet discontinuation did not uncover any significant changes when pre-diet and post-diet termination data were compared. Analysis of relationships among the study variables found that children who had adequate dietary control and who were of average or above average intelligence displayed normal somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) whereas those children with less adequate dietary control and lower IQ scores had atypical SEP waveforms. PMID- 6615597 TI - [Parietal thrombosis and myxoma of the left atrium]. PMID- 6615598 TI - [Benign monoclonal gammopathies]. PMID- 6615599 TI - Sexual problems after rectal surgery and operated colitis. PMID- 6615600 TI - Growth characteristics of Saccharomyces rouxii isolated from chocolate syrup. AB - We investigated the growth parameters of Saccharomyces rouxii isolated from spoiled chocolate syrup. The optimum pH range for S. rouxii was 3.5 to 5.5, whereas the minimum and maximum pH values that permitted growth were 1.5 and 10.5, respectively. For cells grown in 0 and 60% sucrose the optimum water activity (aw) values were 0.97 and 0.96, respectively. The optimum temperature for S. rouxii increased with a decreasing aw regardless of whether glucose or sucrose was used as the humectant. The optimum temperatures for S. rouxii were 28 degrees C at an aw of greater than 0.995 and 35 degrees C at an aw of 0.96 to 0.90 in 2 X potato dextrose broth with sucrose. Increasing the sorbate concentration (from 0.03 to 0.10%) caused the growth of S. rouxii to become more inhibited between aws of greater than 0.995 and 0.82. S. rouxii did not grow when the sorbate level was 0.12% (wt/vol). At lower sorbate levels, the effect of sorbate on the growth of S. rouxii depended on the aw level. Lowering the aw enhanced the resistance of S. rouxii to increasing concentrations of potassium sorbate. Permeability and polyol production are discussed with respect to sorbate tolerance of S. rouxii at different aw levels. PMID- 6615601 TI - Thermal degradation of precursors and formation of flavour compounds during heating of cereal products. Part II. The formation and changes of volatile flavour compounds in thermally treated malt extracts at different temperature and pH1. AB - The effect of temperature and pH on the formation and changes of volatile flavour compounds in thermally treated malt extracts was studied. The dependence of thermal treatment parameters on organoleptic properties of the extracts was stated. Alkaline pH of the medium was found to promote the formation of the compounds yielding a caramel odour. The most desirable organoleptic characteristics were obtained at pH 4.0-5.5 and temperature 140 degrees C. Thirty compounds typical for nonenzymatic browning were identified. PMID- 6615602 TI - The first days. PMID- 6615603 TI - [Seldinger's technic of puncture of the internal jugular vein in a patient with a coagulation disorder. Report of a fatal complication]. AB - It is reported that the catheterization of the internal jugular vein in patients with severe coagulopathies had fatal consequences. The catheterization was done with a Sheldon-catheter for dialysis. The technique of Seldinger was performed, which has been described for morbid patients in most literatures. PMID- 6615605 TI - Stability of the human nuclear oestrogen receptor: influence of temperature and ionic strength. AB - The measurement of oestrogen receptors in the nuclei of cells of human breast cancer is becoming increasingly important for patient management. However, the steroid-binding properties of the oestrogen nuclear receptor of human cells under different conditions of temperature and ionic strength have received little attention despite the relevance of the receptor for interpretation of assay data. This paper reports a study on the influence of temperature and ionic strength on the exchange rate of [3H]oestradiol from human breast and endometrial nuclear receptor. When the oestrogen nuclear receptor complex was bound to intact or sheared nuclei, the displacement of bound [3H]oestradiol into buffer containing excess unlabelled oestradiol increased with temperature but was significant over 24 h even at 4 degrees C for nuclei from both breast and endometrium. The use of protease inhibitors combined with relabelling of nuclear receptor after incubation confirmed that the observations at 4 degrees C represented exchange of hormone rather than degradation of the hormone-receptor complex. Degradation was seen at higher temperatures. Measurement of the on-rate of [3H]oestradiol onto nuclear receptor prefilled with unlabelled oestradiol showed that on-rate was also significant over 24 h at 4 degrees C. The displacement of oestradiol from salt-extracted, hydroxylapatite-precipitated receptor also increased with temperature although, in this case, no displacement could be detected until temperatures above 4 degrees C were reached. Only 40% of total oestrogen receptor detectable in intact human nuclei was solubilized by the standard method of salt extraction in 0.6 mol KCl/l. As the salt concentration was raised (0-0.6 mol KCl/l), an increase in the stripping of oestradiol from the hormone-receptor complex was observed. Such stripping of nuclear receptor during salt extraction would lead to a false impression of the proportion of 'empty' nuclear receptors. The results show that filled oestrogen nuclear receptor from human tumour tissue may be assayed by exchange at 4 degrees C over 24 h. This eliminates the protease degradation of receptor which occurs at higher assay temperatures. PMID- 6615604 TI - Chemical liver carcinogenesis: monitoring of the process by flow cytometric DNA measurements. AB - The carcinogenic process in the liver was monitored from early nonneoplastic changes to the development of tumors in two well-known models; IP administration of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) to newborn mice, and feeding of rats with acetylaminofluorene (AAF). Liver parenchyma cells and liver tumor cells were isolated by collagenase treatment and prepared for flow cytometric (FCM) measurements of nuclear DNA content. The changes observed were correlated to morphology and 3H-thymidine incorporation. The early preneoplastic changes in hepatocytes from DMN-treated mice were shifts in the DNA content to classes of higher nuclear ploidies. AAF-feeding of rats caused gradual distortion of the DNA content of nuclei from parenchymal cells. After 16 weeks of exposure, before any tumors were seen, a majority of the nuclei displayed an aneuploid DNA content. The significance of these changes in the carcinogenic process is discussed, and a possible use of these models for detection of hepatotropic agents and agents causing aneuploidy (clastogens and turbagens) is proposed. The liver neoplasias (adenomas and hepatocellular carcinomas) induced by these models contained tumor stemlines with diploid DNA content, and some hepatocellular carcinomas showed aneuploidy. Nodules of hyperplasia contained diploid and tetraploid stemline. PMID- 6615606 TI - [Apolipoprotein B of plasma lipoproteins incorporated in liposomes: immunological properties and organ distribution when administered to rabbits]. AB - Apolipoprotein B (apo B) isolated from low density lipoproteins (LDL) was built in phospholipid-cholesterol liposomes, with the lipid/protein ratio being equal to 33:1. Such liposomes preserved their integrity, whereas the constituent apo B retained its antigenic properties. After intravenous injection to rabbits the pattern of apo B liposome distribution among organs was similar to that of LDL. Apo B liposomes may be used for goal-oriented transport of some substances to organs and tissues whose cells have specific receptors for apo B-containing lipoproteins. PMID- 6615607 TI - Advances in treatment of chronic obstructive lung disease with almitrine bis mesylate. AB - This paper reviews previously published experimental and clinical studies of almitrine bis-mesylate, a respiratory analeptic. PMID- 6615608 TI - L-serine tripeptides: Ac-Ser-Gly, Ala-Ser-Gly and Gly-Ser-Phe. AB - The 1H and 13C n.m.r. spectra of Ac-Ser-Gly, Ala-Ser-Gly and Gly-Ser-Phe tripeptides have been measured and analysed at three different pD values. The n.m.r. parameters of Ser side-chain are nearly pD independent. C alpha H group (13C/1H) of Ser residue of Gly-Ser-Phe shows a consistent pD dependence in acid solutions. Conformational calculations on Ser side-chain show the growing importance of the gauche conformers on the overall conformation of the side-chain all along the three tripeptides. PMID- 6615609 TI - [Synthesis and testing of thiazolo[3,2-a]perimidine for anorectic activity]. PMID- 6615610 TI - [Data for toxicological and hygienic evaluation of the new epoxy glue UP-5-207]. PMID- 6615611 TI - Broad-spectrum antiviral activity of 2-beta-D-ribofuranosylselenazole-4 carboxamide, a new antiviral agent. AB - The relative in vitro antiviral activities of three related nucleoside carboxamides, ribavirin (1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide), tiazofurin (2-beta-D-ribofuranosylthiazole-4-carboxamide), and selenazole (2-beta D-ribofuranosylselenazole-4-carboxamide), were studied against selected DNA and RNA viruses. Although the activity of selenazole against different viruses varied, it was significantly more potent than ribavirin and tiazofurin against all tested representatives of the families Paramyxoviridae (parainfluenza virus type 3, mumps virus, measles virus), Reoviridae (reovirus type 3), Poxviridae (vaccinia virus), Herpes-viridae (herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2), Togaviridae (Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus, yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus), Bunyaviridae (Rift Valley fever virus, sandfly fever virus [strain Sicilian], Korean hemorrhagic fever virus), Arenaviridae (Pichinde virus), Picornaviridae (coxsackieviruses B1 and B4, echovirus type 6, encephalomyocarditis virus), Adenoviridae (adenovirus type 2), and Rhabdoviridae (vesicular stomatitis virus). The antiviral activity of selenazole was also cell line dependent, being greatest in HeLa, Vero-76, and Vero E6 cells. Selenazole was relatively nontoxic for Vero, Vero-76, Vero E6, and HeLa cells at concentrations of up to 1,000 micrograms/ml. The relative plating efficiency at that concentration was over 90%. The effects of selenazole on viral replication were greatest when this agent was present at the time of viral infection. The removal of selenazole from the medium of infected cells did not reverse the antiviral effect against vaccinia virus, but there was a gradual resumption of viral replication in cells infected with parainfluenza type 3 or herpes simplex virus type 1 (strain KOS). However, the antiviral activity of ribavirin against the same viruses was reversible when the drug was removed. PMID- 6615612 TI - [Essential hypertension: a challenge for the pediatrician]. PMID- 6615613 TI - [Evaluation of the D-xylose test as an indicator of intestinal mucosa damage]. PMID- 6615614 TI - [Evaluation of an oral solution in maintenance therapy of acute infantile diarrheic syndrome without dehydration]. PMID- 6615615 TI - [Epidemic outbreak of polyradiculoneuritis caused by buckthorn Karwinskia humboldtiana]. PMID- 6615616 TI - [Multiple familial polyposis. A case treated by endorectal ileoanostomy]. PMID- 6615617 TI - [Clinical significance of heart murmurs]. PMID- 6615618 TI - [Guide to the diagnosis and prevention of acute poliomyelitis]. PMID- 6615620 TI - [Perception of pain and diagnosis of the disease]. PMID- 6615619 TI - [BCG vaccination as a diagnostic test for tuberculosis]. PMID- 6615621 TI - [Early detection of neurological sequels. Velocity of peripheric motor nervous conduction in newborn infants]. PMID- 6615622 TI - [Diagnosis and prevention of tetanus. A simplified guide]. PMID- 6615623 TI - [Campylobacter as etiologic agent in diarrhea in children]. PMID- 6615624 TI - [Congenital absolute afibrinogenemia]. PMID- 6615625 TI - [Immunization control by means of an automated system]. PMID- 6615626 TI - [Closed circuit exchange transfusion and double on-line metriset]. PMID- 6615627 TI - [Diagnosis of acute renal insufficiency]. PMID- 6615628 TI - [The right to die with dignity]. PMID- 6615629 TI - Extinction and retention of a classically conditioned flexor nerve response in acute spinal cat. AB - These experiments were conducted to examine extinction and retention of a classically conditioned response in acute spinal cats. Conditioning was obtained by pairing a mild electrical stimulus to the superficial peroneal sensory nerve (CS) with a stronger electrical stimulus to the ankle skin (US) of the same leg. Subsequent extinction was produced by presenting CS-alone trials. In the first experiment, animals given massed extinction trials showed response decrements to base levels. Response decrements were not found in animals that received distributed extinction trials. In the second experiment, .5-, 1-, 2-, 3-, or 4-hr intervals between acquisition and extinction produced no significant differences in the extinction data. In the third experiment, animals received extinction trials immediately or 30 min after acquisition trials, followed by 20 additional extinction trials 30 min later. Analyses of these data indicated significant acquisition and extinction in the 10- and 20- acquisition trial groups. As in Experiment 2, varying the interval between acquisition and extinction did not produce any group differences in the extinction data. The results of these experiments demonstrate that response increases produced by paired trials in the spinal preparation do not decay spontaneously over time and are not caused by sensitization effects. PMID- 6615630 TI - Central nervous system regulation of finicky feeding by the blowfly. AB - Finicky feeding refers to an animal's tendency to become more particular in accepting and choosing food as satiation is approached. We tested the hypothesis that finickiness in the blowfly is related to the balance between internal inhibition, generated by a full crop, and external sensory information, generated by oral chemoreceptor contact with food. Response thresholds to sucrose and sucrose/quinine mixtures were determined for blowflies at two different levels of food deprivation. The deterrent effect of a given quinine concentration on feeding depends upon the concentration of sucrose in the mixture and the animal's level of deprivation. Transection of the recurrent nerve that normally signals fullness of the crop releases central inhibition and leads satiated flies to accept higher concentrations of quinine mixed with sucrose than controls. The results of this study suggest that the central nervous system's set point for responding to sensory excitation by sugar, rather than sensitivity to quinine, peripheral or central, determines gustatory finickiness in the blowfly. PMID- 6615632 TI - Alternating ingestive and aversive consummatory responses suggest a two dimensional analysis of palatability in rats. AB - The hedonic response to a taste is typically regarded to be the product of a central integration of gustatory afferent information, which ends in a single decision about the nature and intensity of the response to be given. This hedonic response is often characterized as a point lying along a single dimension of palatability, stretching from strongly positive to strongly negative. The present analysis of species-specific consummatory responses suggests that the final response is not made on the basis of a single central analysis of taste information but rather is the result of a competition between two separate systems that are activated by tastes. A single oral infusion of a taste solution may elicit rapid alternation between ingestive and aversive consummatory responses. Such alternation is better interpreted as due to a simultaneous activation of two palatability dimensions than as a reflection of neutral palatability. When increases in the magnitude of aversive responses are produced by taste mixtures, there is not necessarily a reciprocal decrease in ingestive responses. This asymmetry supports the hypothesis of independent palatability dimensions. PMID- 6615631 TI - Tolerance to amphetamine anorexia: role of learning versus body weight settling point. AB - Three experiments were conducted to clarify the role of learning and body weight settling point in the development of tolerance to amphetamine anorexia. In the first experiment, rats that had become tolerant to the suppressant effect of amphetamine on milk intake were anorexic when subsequently offered other foods or water during a transfer test. These results appear to support a conditioning interpretation, which predicts a loss of tolerance when cues associated with drug administration are altered. Subsequent experiments examined the long-term effect of changing diets. In Experiments 2 and 3, rats made tolerant with milk as the diet showed prolonged anorexia when switched to Purina pellets or slightly bitter milk. However, when switched from pellets or adulterated milk to milk, tolerant rats were anorexic only 1 day and then ingested significantly more of the new diet. These results are inconsistent with a conditioning interpretation. Further analysis revealed that tolerant rats maintained their weight below the level of saline controls despite the recovery of food intake. Moreover, the level at which they maintained their weight varied with the palatability of the diet. These results suggest that amphetamine lowers the settling point for body weight and that tolerance does not develop to this effect (cf. Stunkard, 1981). From this perspective, the reinstatement of prolonged anorexia when apparently tolerant rats were switched to a less palatable diet can be understood as an attempt to attain a lower weight level. PMID- 6615633 TI - Oropharyngeal control of ingestion in rats: acquisition of sham-drinking patterns. AB - Rats with esophageal fistulas, offered a concentrated glucose solution, sham drank relatively small amounts on the first session. This was true whether or not such a solution was familiar. Intake rose to very high levels over ensuing sham drinking sessions, a result showing that the initial small volumes were not attributable to fixed properties of the solution itself (e.g., aversiveness, viscosity, or input to "satiety" mechanisms). The gradual acquisition of copious sham drinking was not affected by previous "practice" at sham drinking other commodities; it was not simply an alteration in motor habits. Finally, the gradual acquisition of the sham-drinking pattern did not occur with more dilute solutions; in response to these, sham drinking was copious and continuous from the outset. The following conclusions are made: (a) Rats must learn to respond, by continuous drinking, to the absence of the postingestive inhibition normally produced by concentrated solutions. (It is a separate and open question whether the response to the presence of such inhibitory factors must also be learned.) (b) No such learning is required in the case of more dilute solutions. This is further evidence that controlling factors with differing properties operate at different levels even of the single commodity, glucose in solution. PMID- 6615634 TI - Vagotomy produces learned food aversions in the rat. AB - Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy produces hypophagia and weight loss in normal rats and can reverse the hyperphagia and obesity of rats with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions. Vagotomy surgery can also produce symptoms of nausea and discomfort. Since such symptoms are highly effective as unconditioned stimuli in food aversion conditioning, the present studies examined whether some of the depression in food intake observed in rats with vagotomy could be due to the development of aversions to the foods eaten after their surgery. In the first study, significant aversions developed to the specific novel diet consumed after vagotomy, results indicating that the symptoms associated with vagotomy can serve as effective unconditioned stimuli in the acquisition of learned food aversions. The second study compared vagotomized animals consuming familiar laboratory chow with those consuming a novel diet. In contrast to the novel diets, learned aversions did not develop to the familiar chow, and hypophagia was less persistent and severe. It is concluded that learned food aversions can contribute to the appetite and weight loss exhibited by vagotomized animals. Consideration of the conditions under which these aversions arise after vagotomy surgery may allow for the design of studies so as to minimize the aversions and thereby separate these nonspecific effects from direct regulatory deficits produced by vagotomy. PMID- 6615635 TI - Relation between social rank, submissive behavior, and brain catecholamine levels in ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus). AB - In Experiment 1, the social hierarchy of 23 male ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) was found to be linear except for positions in the middle ranks. Social rank was inversely correlated with submissive ("supercedent") behavior but was unrelated to size (weight) of the birds. In Experiment 2, with 8 cock pheasants, general activity of the birds was not correlated with social rank or supercedent behavior. These data suggest that the spatial displacement of one individual by another is not a random or neutral social process, or a function of size differences among birds. The catecholamine concentrations in several brain structures were determined. Only dopamine concentrations in the neostriatum of high-ranking males were reliably different (higher) from concentrations of low ranking males. These concentrations were inversely correlated with supercedent behavior. These findings are discussed in terms of other pharmacological, neuroanatomical, and behavioral data. PMID- 6615636 TI - Demonstration of presbycusis across repeated measures in a nonhuman primate species. AB - The progress of age-related hearing loss in three 31-yr-old, two 24-yr-old, and two 9-yr-old rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) was repeatedly examined over a period of 3 yr. Pure-tone audiograms for seven frequencies, .125, .500, 2.000, 4.000, 16.000, 22.667, and 32.000 kHz, were obtained through the use of the psychophysical tracking method. Analysis indicated the presence of presbycusis in the older animals. Animals demonstrating presbycusis showed a progressive decrement in the ability to detect higher frequencies and an overall hearing loss at all frequencies. PMID- 6615637 TI - Female sexual responses in male cats facilitated by olfactory bulbectomy and medial preoptic/anterior hypothalamic lesions. AB - Bilateral lesions of the medial preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area and olfactory bulbectomies were performed sequentially in sexually active male cats, with the order of operations balanced. Male sexual behavior was virtually eliminated by the combined operations in all cats. Increased levels of female proceptive behavior were seen following either type of lesion alone, and combined operations resulted in increased levels of receptivity. The results support the concept that there exists, within the brains of male animals, the neural basis for the display of female as well as male sexual responses and that certain brain operations may potentiate the display of female responses. However, it does not appear that the reduction of male behavior is necessarily coupled with an increase in female behavior since no correlation was seen between the degree of enhancement of female behavior and the decrement in male behavior. PMID- 6615638 TI - Effect of visual experience on the habituation of orienting behavior. AB - Orienting behavior elicited by novel visual and auditory stimuli was examined in light-reared (LR) and dark-reared (DR) rats at 30, 60, 90, or 120 days of age. Orienting behavior was assessed by examining the rat's ability to interrupt ongoing licking and perform appropriate head and postural adjustments when apparently moving or stationary light displays or tones were presented. When the lights were first presented to the LR and DR rats, their orienting behavior did not differ at any of the ages examined. However, age and visual experience did influence habituation and recovery of orienting with changes in the light display. The older DR rats habituated with fewer repeated presentations of the light displays than their LR counterparts and did not recover orienting as effectively to all the subsequent changes of the light displays. The younger LR and DR rats did not differ reliably. These results are discussed with regard to the nature of the habituation process for rodents and the relation between visual experience and habituation of attentional responses. PMID- 6615639 TI - Operant regulation of feeding: a static analysis. AB - Cyclic-ratio schedules are a rapid method for studying the operant regulation of feeding rate. The cyclic method produces results comparable to traditional but time-consuming parametric methods. Performance on cyclic-ratio schedules is well described by a linear regulatory model that embodies three quantitative feedback assumptions: (a) that rate of feeding is regulated by the rate of operant behavior, (b) that taste factors have an additive effect on the rate of the operant response, and (c) that regulatory "gain" is inversely related to body weight. This model accurately describes poorer regulatory performance at high body weights and following amphetamine administration, and the effects of altered diet palatability on preferred feeding rates. PMID- 6615640 TI - Adrenal responses to reinforcement and extinction: role of expectancy versus instrumental responding. AB - Plasma corticosterone levels were evaluated during operant conditioning in order to determine the effect of reinforced and nonreinforced responding (extinction) on adrenal activation. The influence of instrumental responding was assessed by comparing trained rats with yoked subjects that received a matched reward schedule in the absence of an operant task. Reinforcement sessions resulted in a significant decrease in adrenal secretion at 20 min, but not at 5 min, whereas extinction caused a rapid increase in corticosterone levels at 5 min and an even greater elevation by 20 min. Comparison of the operant and yoked subjects showed that this effect of reinforcement and extinction was not dependent on instrumental responding, but rather on the receipt or withdrawal of the expected reward. PMID- 6615641 TI - Overshadowing effects in the stimulus control of morphine analgesic tolerance. AB - This study attempted to replicate previous demonstrations of classical conditioning of morphine analgesic tolerance, with the additional aim of determining whether stimulus overshadowing effects might explain previous conflicting findings. Eight groups of rats received a series of 10 morphine (5 mg/kg) and/or saline injections, differing only with respect to the contingency between a compound visual-auditory conditioned stimulus (CS) and the substance injected. When tested for analgesic responding to morphine in the presence of the compound CS, only those groups for which the CS and morphine injections were paired during the acquisition sequence evidenced tolerance. In a second experiment, tolerant animals were tested in the presence of one component of the compound CS. When a loud (85 dB) tone was used in the compound, less analgesic tolerance was elicited later by the weaker visual stimulus alone. This differential stimulus control of the analgesic response suggests that overshadowing may contribute to failures to replicate conditioned morphine tolerance. That internal morphine-produced stimuli might overshadow external cues is considered. PMID- 6615642 TI - Pavlovian conditioning of immunosuppression modifies adjuvant arthritis in rats. AB - Ten days prior to induction of adjuvant arthritis (by injection of complete Freund's adjuvant into a rat's hind paw), three groups of rats were dosed with cyclophosphamide (CY), an immunosuppressive drug. A saccharin/vanilla solution (SV) was presented either 2 days (Group NC) or immediately before CY treatment (Groups C and C2). Three further SV presentations started either 30 min (Groups C and NC) or 2 days after antigenic stimulation (Group C2). The groups did not differ with respect to the degree of swelling in the injected paws. In contrast, Group C differed significantly from Groups NC and C2 with respect to the uninjected hind paws: Group C showed no external signs of a proliferation of inflammation, whereas approximately half of the animals in the other two groups developed small lesions. A second experiment, similar to the first, yielded the same results. These results essentially confirm previous findings on conditioned immunosuppression and extend them to an inflammatory joint disease. PMID- 6615643 TI - Effects of aldosterone and deoxycorticosterone on food intake and body weight. AB - Aldosterone (.25 mg/kg) or deoxycorticosterone (3 mg/kg) in combination with corticosterone was administered daily to female adrenalectomized rats. The mineralocorticoids increased food intake and weight gain well beyond that of controls receiving only corticosterone injections. The weight gain was not wholly dependent on increased food intake, as separate groups of animals maintained on a restricted (10 g of laboratory chow/day) diet also displayed significant mineralocorticoid-stimulated weight gain. Although carcass composition was not directly determined, the undifferentiated wet/dry tissue ratios, hematocrit values, and nasoanal lengths found across groups suggest that the observed effect of mineralocorticoids was on body fat. Aldosterone and deoxycorticosterone can have important actions on energy metabolism as well as on sodium regulation. PMID- 6615644 TI - [In vitro absorption of topical products using a newly-produced membrane. Correlation with other in vitro and in vivo methods]. PMID- 6615645 TI - New phenylbutazone esters: synthesis and some pharmacological properties. PMID- 6615646 TI - [Sleep polygraphic studies on patients with the dysgenesis of the telencephalon]. PMID- 6615647 TI - [Epileptic children and swimming]. PMID- 6615648 TI - [Subdural empyema in children: a follow-up study of seven cases]. PMID- 6615649 TI - [Effects of neonatal hypoxia on brain development. 1. An autoradiographic study]. PMID- 6615650 TI - [Effects of neonatal hypoxia on brain development 2. A quantitative histological study]. PMID- 6615651 TI - [Computed tomography of granulomatous basal meningitis caused by pneumococcus]. PMID- 6615652 TI - [Case of chronic subdural hematoma following herpes simplex encephalitis]. PMID- 6615653 TI - [Computerized tomography in acute toxic encephalopathy--report of 3 cases with symmetrical low density areas in the thalamus and the cerebellum]. PMID- 6615654 TI - [Moya-moya disease associated with fibromuscular dysplasia of renal artery]. PMID- 6615655 TI - [Case of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome improved remarkably by surgical treatment of a porencephalic cyst: a consideration on the generalized cortico-reticular epilepsy]. PMID- 6615656 TI - [Neurotoxicity of chlorambucil--2 cases of nephrotic syndrome with abnormal EEG]. PMID- 6615657 TI - Potential and limitations of nuclear magnetic resonance for the cardiologist. PMID- 6615658 TI - Intracardiac electrode detection of early ischaemia in man. AB - We have evaluated an intracardiac technique for the study of the electrophysiological patterns of early or subendocardial ischaemia in man. Simultaneous recordings of the paced endocardial evoked response and monophasic action potentials were obtained during pacing stress testing in 10 patients with reversible myocardial ischaemia. Early patterns of change occurred in both these recordings in response to regional ischaemia. Abnormal rate corrected shortening of the local repolarisation time in the paced endocardial evoked response from the left ventricular ischaemic zone diverging from control non-ischaemic values by a mean of 10.6% was paralleled by decreases in the simultaneous paced monophasic action potentials duration. A differential delay in the local activation time and conduction was also documented by the paced endocardial evoked response and monophasic action potential electrodes. Non-ischaemic control zones showed no changes in the pattern of activation and repolarisation. Disparate repolarisation times and asynchronous activation within the myocardium were thus consistently demonstrated during regional ischaemia. These changes in the endocardial paced evoked response and monophasic action potentials always preceded the appearance and regression of the clinical ischaemia. Intracavitary recordings may thus provide earlier and more sensitive detection of regional ischaemia during cardiac catheterisation or coronary artery surgery. The study of the patterns of activation and response could permit the assessment of interventions on the early electrical changes of ischaemia, and may bridge the gap between in vitro studies and the electrophysiological studies performed upon the intact heart. PMID- 6615659 TI - Myocardial ischaemia. Dilemma between information available and information demand. PMID- 6615660 TI - Analysis of regional left ventricular wall motion during diastole in mitral stenosis. PMID- 6615661 TI - Endomyocardial biopsy guided by cross-sectional echocardiography. AB - The usefulness of cross-sectional echocardiography during endomyocardial biopsy was examined in 10 consecutive patients with myocardial disease of undetermined origin. Twenty-eight endomyocardial biopsies were obtained from the left ventricle and 34 from the right ventricle. Echocardiography was performed simultaneously with monitoring of the biopsy procedure by means of fluoroscopy, pressure measurement, and electrocardiographic recording from the bioptome. Echocardiographic visualisation of the biopsy procedure was feasible in 100% of left and in 18% of right ventricular biopsies. Conventional positioning of the bioptome was corrected in a total of five cases because of inappropriate localisation as apparent from cross-sectional echocardiography. In the left ventricle the site of biopsy could be defined more precisely by echocardiography than by fluoroscopy. At the present stage of technical development the most important potential of ultrasonically guided endomyocardial biopsy seems to be the feasibility of obtaining selective biopsies from well defined areas of the left ventricle when serial analysis from a reproducible area is necessary. PMID- 6615662 TI - Significance of haemodynamic variables in coronary care unit for prediction of survival after acute myocardial infarction. AB - In order to assess the value of haemodynamic monitoring in the coronary care unit for long term prognosis after recovery of an acute myocardial infarction, the records of two groups of consecutive patients were reviewed retrospectively. From 254 patients, 32 (13%) died in the hospital and nine patients had to be excluded from subsequent follow-up for various reasons. Four year mortality among the 213 patients who were discharged from the hospital and could be followed up was 26%. Of the haemodynamic variables measured on admission a high pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, exceeding 18 mmHg, and a low mixed venous oxygen saturation, less than 60%, were not only associated with a high hospital but also with a high four year mortality, whereas a low systolic blood pressure (less than 100 mmHg), an important prognosticator during admission to hospital, was only of minor significance thereafter. A negative value on admission of a specific index 0.24 X systolic blood pressure (mmHg) -0.217 X pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (mmHg)+0.234 X mixed venous oxygen saturation (%)-13.1 developed for the prediction of short term survival was also associated with a much higher four year mortality than a positive value. Low cardiac index on admission could be correlated with high mortality during the first two years after discharge, whereas only 9% of patients with a higher cardiac index died. Haemodynamic monitoring in the coronary care unit is thus not only relevant for the immediate prognosis, but a high mortality risk during hospital stay persists for several years after discharge. PMID- 6615663 TI - Aetiology of chronic constrictive pericarditis. AB - In a consecutive series of 32 cases of chronic constrictive pericarditis treated by pericardiectomy during the past 25 years, four were attributable to rheumatoid disease, two to trauma, one to sarcoidosis, and four, at a maximum, to tuberculosis. In the remaining 21 cases of undetermined aetiology there was no evidence of tuberculosis. It appears, therefore, that tuberculosis was not a common cause of chronic constrictive pericarditis during the period under review, which included the 1950s and early 1960s when tuberculosis was widespread. PMID- 6615664 TI - Metabolic and haemodynamic effects of increased circulating adrenaline in man. Effect of labetalol, an alpha and beta blocker. AB - To simulate increased sympathoadrenal activity adrenaline was infused in normotensive subjects to achieve plasma adrenaline concentrations similar to those seen after myocardial infarction or hypoglycaemia. Adrenaline was infused after pretreatment for five days with labetalol 200 mg twice daily or placebo given in a random order. The rise in systolic blood pressure and the fall in diastolic blood pressure observed after the infusion of adrenaline (0.06 micrograms/kg/min) were prevented by labetalol and no increase in blood pressure was seen. Adrenaline infusion after pretreatment with placebo caused a profound fall in the serum potassium concentration (4.12-3.20 mmol(mEq)/l). Pretreatment with labetalol completely blocked adrenaline induced hypokalaemia (3.92-3.95 mmol(mEq)/l). Adrenaline induced T wave flattening and QTc prolongation were also prevented by labetalol. Thus labetalol can prevent the electrocardiographic, haemodynamic, and hypokalaemic effects of increased circulating adrenaline in man. The combination of alpha and beta blockade appears to be required to block the haemodynamic effects of adrenaline, and labetalol may, therefore, be useful in controlling both the metabolic and circulatory responses during increased sympathoadrenal activity. PMID- 6615665 TI - Pulmonary valve gonococcal endocarditis. A forgotten disease. AB - Although gonococcal infections of the pulmonary valve were common before the introduction of antibiotics, such infections have rarely been reported since penicillin became available. In an elderly man with gonococcal endocarditis of the pulmonary valve the non-specific signs and symptoms, the late appearance of a pulmonary murmur, and the sterility of early blood cultures made the diagnosis unclear until three weeks after admission. Endocarditis was localised to the pulmonary valve by M-mode and cross-sectional echocardiography. Echocardiography may be useful for diagnosing endocarditis in patients with fever of unknown origin. Gonococcal infection should be suspected in patients with pulmonary vegetations and sterile blood cultures. PMID- 6615666 TI - Dissection of interventricular septum by aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva. A rare complication diagnosed by echocardiography. AB - A patient with dissection of the interventricular septum by a sinus of Valsalva aneurysm is described. Echocardiographic examination allows the correct diagnosis to be made before cardiac catheterisation. PMID- 6615667 TI - Hospital medical gas installations. PMID- 6615668 TI - Sedation and respiratory mechanics in man. AB - The effects of sedation with halothane, enflurane or midazolam on respiratory mechanics and lung volumes were studied in young healthy volunteers, in the supine position. Functional residual capacity increased with halothane sedation, but was unchanged with sedation produced by enflurane or midazolam. Sedation with halothane and enflurane, but not midazolam, tended to increase lung static recoil pressure. Total lung capacity was decreased during sedation with midazolam. No evidence was found that sedation with these three agents increased airway resistance. These findings imply that changes in respiratory mechanics induced by the residual effects of anaesthetic agents are unlikely to contribute significantly to the impairment in pulmonary gas exchange which may occur in the period immediately after operation. PMID- 6615669 TI - Changes in residual volume following oxygen breathing. AB - Nineteen volunteers breathed 100% oxygen for 10 min and then for a further 5 min at a restricted lung volume. Residual volume (RV) was shown to be significantly decreased by 120 ml when compared with control values breathing air. Functional residual capacity (FRC) also was decreased significantly by this manoeuvre. Other measurements indicated that the volume of FRC minus the closing capacity (CC) (FRC-CC) was not of importance in the development of the reduction in RV. It is postulated that such decreases in alveolar volume may contribute to postoperative hypoxia and morbidity. PMID- 6615670 TI - Comparison of decreases in ventilation caused by enflurane and fentanyl during anaesthesia. AB - Two groups of six patients were studied during light general anaesthesia using 2% enflurane and 66% nitrous oxide in oxygen, combined with regional anaesthesia, for hernia and varicose vein surgery. The effects of 3% enflurane were compared with those of fentanyl 0.3 microgram kg-1 i.v., by measuring inspired flow, tidal volume, the timing of inspiration and expiration, and occlusion pressure. Three per cent enflurane decreased ventilation by 12%. Tidal volume, mean inspiratory flow and occlusion pressure were decreased in approximately equal proportions (14, 12 and 8%, respectively). The timing of breathing did not change significantly. Fentanyl did not influence tidal volume. Ventilation was decreased by 28% as a result of a 10% decrease in inspiratory flow and a marked increase in the duration of expiration by 45%. The pattern of activation of the inspiratory muscles, as indicated by occlusion pressure, was changed by fentanyl. During enflurane and nitrous oxide anaesthesia, depression of ventilation by fentanyl or increases in enflurane concentration was not by a common central depressant mechanism. PMID- 6615671 TI - Baroreflex effects of althesin infusions to supplement nitrous oxide anaesthesia in man. AB - The effects on baroreflex control of heart rate, of two infusion rates of Althesin (18 and 36 micrograms kg-1 min-1 as total steroid) to supplement 66% nitrous oxide in oxygen anaesthesia, have been studied in six younger (mean age 35.5 yr) and six older (mean age 61.0 yr) patients. Steady-state anaesthesia at both infusion rates was associated with diminished baroreflex sensitivity and resetting of the reflex to allow lower arterial pressures to be maintained without tachycardia. PMID- 6615672 TI - Plasma catecholamine responses to tracheal intubation. AB - Plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations were measured in 24 patients during the induction of anaesthesia and the subsequent tracheal intubation. The patients received either suxamethonium 1 mg kg-1 or pancuronium 0.1 mg kg-1 to facilitate tracheal intubation. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased in both groups following laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation and there were concomitant increases in the plasma catecholamine concentrations, the changes being more marked in the suxamethonium group. There was a significant correlation between MAP and plasma catecholamine concentrations in the suxamethonium group. Measurement of plasma catecholamine concentrations in samples obtained simultaneously from central venous, peripheral venous and arterial sites were in broad agreement; the greatest changes occurred in central venous samples. PMID- 6615673 TI - Ventricular arrhythmia or supraventricular arrhythmia with aberrant conduction? An electrocardiographic study in halothane-anaesthetized children undergoing adenoidectomy. AB - The electrocardiograph (ECG) was recorded continuously in 20 children undergoing adenoidectomy during halothane anaesthesia. Five surface ECG leads and an oesophageal lead were used. In 11 children, there were QRS complexes which had a shape distinctly different from that of the ordinary sinus-evoked beats. Except in one child, these anomalous QRS complexes first made their appearance during surgery, although the arrhythmia continued until 0-1 min after adenoidectomy in some children. The severity ranged from that of occasional anomalous QRS complexes with uniform shape to that of a fast irregular rhythm with a variety of QRS shapes. Although the anomalous QRS complexes were premature, P waves and P-P intervals were unchanged. In some children, there appeared to be ventricular capture beats and fusion beats. Because of this, and in view of evidence gathered from studies in animals, by other authors, we considered it likely that the anomalous beats were ventricular in origin. PMID- 6615674 TI - Influence of anaesthesia on coagulation and fibrinolytic proteins. AB - The changes in indices of coagulation (factors II, X and antithrombin III) and fibrinolytic factors (plasminogen and alpha 2-antiplasmin) were studied in 30 patients during ophthalmic surgery. Twenty patients received thiopentone-nitrous oxide-enflurane anesthesia with either controlled (n = 10) or spontaneous (n = 10) ventilation. The remaining 10 patients received regional analgesia. No significant changes were observed in any of the measured indices in any group during, or following, surgery and it was concluded that anaesthesia has no direct influence on the coagulation or fibrinolytic proteins. PMID- 6615675 TI - Transsacral neurolytic nerve block. An alternative approach to intractable perineal pain. AB - The rationale, anatomy and technique of transsacral phenol injection are described and the author's results in the treatment of nine patients with intractable perineal pain presented. The technique is recommended as a safe, simple and useful alternative to intrathecal neurolysis in this condition. PMID- 6615676 TI - The "on call" service offered by the Department of Anaesthesia, Manchester Royal Infirmary. AB - The "on-call" service offered by the Department of Anaesthesia, Manchester Royal Infirmary was studied in December 1981. The reasons for any delay in service were analysed and suggestions for improvement discussed. PMID- 6615677 TI - Anaesthesia for caesarean section. A medical audit of junior anaesthetic staff practice. AB - This survey compared the safety of 261 healthy mothers of whom 170 received extradural and 91 general anaesthesia for Caesarean section. Anaesthetics were conducted in routine hospital practice by six anaesthetic registrars. Failed intubation occurred in one patient, awareness was reported by 12 patients following general anaesthesia and two patients had abnormal reactions to drugs. In contrast, the numerous complications that arose with extradural anaesthesia were less serious and easier to manage. Hypotension occurred in 11 patients, inadequacy of analgesia in 25 patients and a period of unawareness in 16 patients following sedation after delivery. Extradural block for Caesarean section is thus seen as safer than general anaesthesia when performed by the same group of anaesthetic trainees on healthy mothers. PMID- 6615678 TI - A system of differential delivery pressures and hose diameters for use in hospital medical gas installations. AB - Medical gases can be identified simply if they are supplied at different pipeline pressures. Routine maintenance errors, accidental pipeline cross-connections, or gas failures, can be automatically detected by incorporating a pneumatic unit with pressure-sensitive valves into the anaesthetic machine. A fail-safe method of ensuring the delivery of the correct gases to the patient is described. PMID- 6615679 TI - Intraoperative bradycardia and hypotension associated with timolol and pilocarpine eye drops. AB - A 69-yr-old man, who was concurrently being treated with pilocarpine nitrate and timolol maleate eye drops, developed a bradycardia and became hypotensive during halothane anaesthesia. Both timolol and pilocarpine were subsequently identified in a 24-h collection of urine. Timolol (but not pilocarpine) was detected in a sample of plasma removed during surgery; the plasma concentration of timolol (2.6 ng ml-1) was consistent with partial beta-adrenoceptor blockade. It is postulated that this action may have been enhanced during halothane anaesthesia with resultant bradycardia and hypotension. Pilocarpine may have had a contributory effect. PMID- 6615680 TI - Selective contralateral bronchial intubation in children with pneumothorax or bronchopleural fistula. PMID- 6615681 TI - Proceedings of the Anaesthetic Research Society. Sheffield meeting, March 25-26, 1983. Abstracts. PMID- 6615682 TI - Nitroprusside infusions. PMID- 6615683 TI - Prophylactic use of ketanserin in a patient with carcinoid syndrome. PMID- 6615684 TI - Suxamethonium-associated hypertonicity and cardiac arrest in unsuspected pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy. PMID- 6615685 TI - Ketanserin, a novel 5-hydroxytryptamine antagonist: monotherapy in essential hypertension. AB - Blood pressure and heart rate, supine and standing, were studied in patients with essential hypertension during 8 weeks of oral therapy with two dosage schedules of ketanserin, 40 mg once and twice daily. Ketanserin caused significant reductions in both supine and standing blood pressure but no significant alterations in heart rate in both groups of patients. Measurements of blood pressure and heart rate over a 24 h period during steady state conditions revealed that maximal blood pressure reduction was correlated with time to peak plasma concentrations. Steady state plasma concentrations of ketanserin were significantly higher in the patients receiving 40 mg twice daily compared to 40 mg once daily. In the group with once daily treatment, tmax was 1.2 +/- 0.17 h, Css 13 +/- 4.3 ng/ml, Cmax 137 +/- 19.6 ng/ml and t1/2, z h. 9.6 +/- 1.27 h. PMID- 6615686 TI - Some tetracycline drugs suppress mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte growth but others do not. AB - Eight tetracycline drugs were tested for inhibitory effect on phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated growth (measured by [3H]-TdR uptake) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells: at least 26 normal subjects were tested with each drug. Doxycycline reduced DNA synthesis appreciably at concentrations within and just above the therapeutic range of blood levels: it was the most potent inhibitor, but demeclocycline, methacycline and minocycline had similar, if less potent, effects. Tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline and clomocycline did not inhibit DNA synthesis of 3-day cultures even at concentrations five to ten times greater than the therapeutic blood level. Volume spectroscopy measurements showed that none of the eight tetracycline drugs interfered with the recruitment of cells into G1-phase growth of the first cell cycle after PHA stimulation. PMID- 6615687 TI - Hepatic enzyme induction and leucocyte delta-aminolaevulinic acid synthase activity: studies with carbamazepine. AB - Antipyrine metabolism, daily urinary 6-beta-hydroxycortisol excretion, carbamazepine (CBZ) half-lives and leucocyte delta-aminolaevulinic acid synthase (ALA.S) activities were measured following 2 weeks' treatment with CBZ 400 mg and 600 mg once daily in eight healthy male volunteers. Dose-dependent induction of antipyrine metabolism was demonstrated but cortisol hydroxylation appeared maximally induced by the 400 mg dose. CBZ half-lives fell significantly in both studies (P less than 0.01 in each case) but a greater fall was seen with the higher dose (P less than 0.01). Plasma CBZ concentrations were higher following the eighth doses (P less than 0.01) in both studies. Leucocyte ALA.S activity increased by a mean of 657% following 1 week's treatment with 400 mg CBZ and 1145% on the 600 mg dose. In both studies ALA.S activities fell towards baseline during the second week of treatment. CBZ possesses potent dose-dependent hetero- and auto-inducing properties. Leucocyte ALA.S activity may represent a novel in vivo index of extrahepatic enzyme induction in man. PMID- 6615688 TI - Trazodone enhances sleep in subjective quality but not in objective duration. AB - Nine volunteer poor sleepers, of mean age 61 years, took trazodone 150 mg nightly for 3 weeks, preceded by 2 weeks and followed by 1 week of matching blanks, in order to examine the effects of electrophysiologically-recorded and subjectively rated sleep. The second of the initial weeks of matching blanks served as a baseline week. In the subjective ratings, sleep improved in quality on trazodone, significantly so in the first and second weeks of intake, though with significant rebound insomnia on the second withdrawal night. Trazodone halved the frequency of arousals interrupting sleep, and it reduced the time spent in stage 1 (drowsiness). It increased the duration of slow-wave sleep (stages 3 + 4), with a negative rebound following withdrawal. It reduced the time spent in REM sleep, with a rebound above baseline levels after withdrawal. Trazodone did not change total sleep duration, nor the time required to fall asleep. The effects of trazodone were sustained or became enhanced during the period of intake. They persisted for over 24 h after the last dose, and rebound effects were maximal on the second withdrawal night. PMID- 6615689 TI - Effects of graded oral doses of meptazinol and pentazocine in comparison with placebo on experimentally induced pain in healthy humans. AB - The opioid agonist/antagonist meptazinol has proven to exert significant analgesia in a series of painful conditions. This study investigated the effects of single oral doses of meptazinol 100, 200, and 400 mg in comparison with pentazocine 50 and 100 mg and with placebo on experimentally induced pain. In addition, the side effect profiles were assessed. Twenty-four healthy subjects participated each in six experiments in which they received, in random double blind fashion, each of the treatments. Every experiment comprised 10 series of measurements, two before and eight after drug administration, carried out at 30 min intervals. Meptazinol produced significant dose-related increases of threshold and tolerance to electrically and thermally induced pain. Meptazinol 400 mg was significantly superior to placebo in all pain measures and proved as effective as pentazocine 50 and 100 mg, which yielded about equal effects. Meptazinol 200 mg was significantly weaker than pentazocine 50 mg and differed significantly from placebo only in its effects on pain tolerance. Meptazinol did not cause any severe side effects or systematic alterations of respiration, blood pressure, heart rate and central nervous functions. Pentazocine caused a higher number and more severe side effects, one subject reporting severe dysphoria after pentazocine 100 mg. The results give further evidence that meptazinol is well suited to replace other opioid analgesics compromised by a high incidence of adverse effects. PMID- 6615691 TI - Colonic release of 5-amino salicylic acid from an oral preparation in active ulcerative colitis. AB - 5-amino salicylic acid coated with acrylic based resin was given orally to eight patients with active ulcerative colitis. Abdominal X-rays confirmed that the preparation released its contents in the terminal ileum and proximal colon. Differences between individuals were marked; the plasma 'concentration-time profile' reflected variations in the time taken for tablets to reach the terminal ileum. PMID- 6615690 TI - The contribution of genetically determined oxidation status to inter-individual variation in phenacetin disposition. AB - The oxidative O-de-ethylation and aromatic 2-hydroxylation of phenacetin have been investigated in panels of extensive (EM, n = 13) and poor (PM, n = 10) metabolizers of debrisoquine. The EM group excreted in the urine significantly more paracetamol (EM: 40.8 +/- 14.9% dose/0-8 h; PM: 29.2 +/- 8.7% dose/0-8 h, 2P less than 0.05) and significantly less 2-hydroxylated metabolites (EM: 4.7 +/- 2.3% dose/0-8 h; PM: 9.7 +/- 3.5% dose/0-8 h, 2P less than 0.005) than the PM group. Apparent first-order rate constants, calculated from pooled phenotype data, for overall elimination of phenacetin (k) and formation of paracetamol (kml) were higher in the EM group (EM: k = 0.191 +/- 0.151 h-1; kml = 0.091 +/- 0.025 h-1; PM: k = 0.098 +/- 0.035 h-1, 2P less than 0.05, kml = 0.052 +/- 0.019 h-1, 2P less than 0.05) than the PM group. The apparent first-order rate constant for 2-hydroxylation displayed no significant inter-phenotype differences. Correlation analysis demonstrated that genetically determined oxidation status accounted for approximately 50% of the inter-individual variability in phenacetin disposition encountered in this study. PMID- 6615692 TI - Lack of evidence for polymorphism in metoprolol metabolism. AB - The claim for polymorphism in the metabolism of metoprolol is based on a logical fallacy. A frequency distribution of metoprolol AUC data is presented and, although highly skewed, no evidence of more than a single population is apparent. Plasma and urine metoprolol and metabolite data are also presented to support this. PMID- 6615693 TI - The effect of long-term colchicine therapy in patients with recurrent polyserositis on the capacity of blood platelets to synthesize thromboxane A2. AB - Thromboxane B2 (TXB) production during platelet activation was measured in 13 patients with recurrent polyserositis on long-term colchicine therapy and 10 healthy controls. Plasma colchicine concentration in patients ranged between 0.8 7.8 ng/ml (2.0-19.5 X 10(-9) M). Thromboxane production induced during aggregation by arachidonic acid or collagen and serum TXB2 levels (clotted blood, 37 degrees C, 1 h) did not differ among patients and controls. Previous studies reporting platelet function defects including anomalous TXB2 production, were performed in vitro using colchicine concentrations markedly exceeding the therapeutic range. PMID- 6615694 TI - Enzyme induction with rifampicin; lipoproteins and drug binding to alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. AB - Hepatic enzyme induction has been reported to increase lignocaine binding, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein concentration and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. In eight volunteers treated with rifampicin for 3 weeks there was no significant alteration in these three variables although their antipyrine clearance was significantly increased. In 10 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis treated with rifampicin (mean 5 months) the degree of serum protein binding of lignocaine, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and HDL-cholesterol concentration was not different from that of matched control patients. These results suggest that differential induction of these variables may occur. PMID- 6615695 TI - Saliva concentrations of lignocaine in patients with acute myocardial ischaemia. PMID- 6615696 TI - Mianserin metabolites. PMID- 6615697 TI - Trends in mortality from carcinoma of the liver and the use of oral contraceptives. AB - There is increasing concern that contraceptive pill usage may increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. As primary malignant liver cancer is very rare in this country, any effect due to oral contraceptives should be apparent in national mortality statistics. An analysis of mortality rates over the last 24 years shows a small but consistent increase for young women starting to occur during the end of the last decade. However no such trend is apparent in data from other countries where pill usage is comparable to that in the U.K. Overall liver cancer remains an extremely uncommon cause of death in developed countries, but it will be particularly important to monitor trends in this disease in the future. PMID- 6615698 TI - A proportionate study of cancer mortality among members of a vegetarian society. AB - A proportionate study was carried out of the causes of death of the 759 Vegetarian Society members whose deaths were recorded in Society records and whose death certificates could be traced. Compared to the general population, a lower proportion of deaths from respiratory diseases and from lung cancer was noted particularly in long-standing members, consistent with the evidence that vegetarians smoke less than the average. The proportion of deaths from colorectal cancer was slightly lower than in the general population but there was no reduction in the proportions of deaths from other diseases that have been linked with meat or fat consumption, such as cardiovascular diseases and breast cancer. The proportions of deaths from stomach cancer and from accidents and violence were greater than expected. The significance of the findings is discussed and also the possible limitations of the proportionate method of analysis in relation to studies of vegetarians. PMID- 6615699 TI - The effect of radiosensitizers on the pharmacokinetics of melphalan and cyclophosphamide in the mouse. AB - Misonidazole (MISO) has been shown to affect the pharmacokinetics of both cyclophosphamide (CY) and melphalan (MEL) in WHT mice resulting in increased plasma levels of the cytotoxic drugs. The effect is not solely due to the reduction in body temperature observed with large single doses of MISO, as a change in MEL pharmacokinetics was still observed when the mice were maintained at 37 degrees C. Inhibition of cytotoxic drug metabolism may also be a possible mechanism. Such a pharmacokinetic effect could account for part of the potentiation of MEL and CY action observed in tumours with large single doses of MISO. However, a chronic low dosing schedule of MISO did not affect the plasma half-life of either cytotoxic drug, although a significant potentiation of each drug in combination with a chronic MISO dose has been obtained in some tumours. These results suggest that potentiation of chemotherapeutic drug action by MISO in the clinical situation is unlikely to be due to changes in drug pharmacokinetics. PMID- 6615700 TI - Anti-tumour cytotoxin produced by human monocytes: studies on its mode of action. AB - Human monocytes can be induced to synthesize a cytotoxin which affects certain tumour cell lines. The interaction of monocyte cytotoxin with a susceptible cell line (L929) has been studied to obtain clues to the mode of action of the cytotoxin. The cytotoxin acts directly on the cells rather than on the culture medium and is cytotoxic at higher concentrations and cytostatic at lower concentrations. First signs of cell damage appear about 20 h after contact with the cytotoxin which must be present throughout this period. The cytotoxin probably acts on the cell surface and is more effective at 40 degrees C than at 37 degrees C. For a given amount of cytotoxin the effects are inversely proportional to the target cell concentration. Treatment of the cytotoxin with phenanthroline inhibits cytotoxicity while treatment of the target cells with actinomycin D, but not cycloheximide or puromycin, enhances cytotoxicity. After 24 h cytotoxin treatment the target cells exhibit reduced respiration rate but enhanced glycolysis and glucose uptake suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction. A possible interpretation of these data is that the monocyte cytotoxin is a metalloenzyme which inactivates a cell surface receptor for a nutrient essential for mitochondrial function. PMID- 6615701 TI - The carcinogenic potential of twelve refined mineral oils following long-term topical application. AB - Twelve mineral oils, originating from naphthenic and paraffinic stocks and variously refined, were evaluated for their potential to induce cutaneous neoplasia in female CF1 mice. The oils were applied to the shorn dorsal skin for up to 78 weeks, using several different treatment regimes. The sole acid/earth refined naphthenic spindle oil was a moderately potent cutaneous carcinogen. By comparison, the 11 oils, processed by other refining routes, were less carcinogenic or non-carcinogenic to murine skin. Two of the 11 oils were weak cutaneous carcinogens viz, a naphthenic spindle oil refined only by mild hydrotreatment and a paraffinic spindle oil refined by mild solvent extraction and 'Ferrofining'. All 9 remaining oils had been solvent-extracted as part of the secondary refining process; none induced malignant tumours, although solitary benign tumours of the treated site were recorded after exposure to 3 oils. The cutaneous carcinogenic potential of the test oils did not correlate well with their potential to induce epidermal hyperplasia at the treated site. Consequently, hyperplasia caused after short term exposure is of little value for distinguishing between carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic oils. PMID- 6615702 TI - TruCut needle biopsy in sarcoidosis. Relationship between histology of the biopsy specimens and radiographic features and pulmonary function. AB - Ninety-nine TruCut needle biopsies were performed on 92 patients with sarcoidosis. Non-caseating granulomas were found in 77 of 92 patients (84%) and in 78 of 99 biopsies (79%). Granulomas were found in 67% of patients showing only slight radiographic opacity (ILO classification grades 0/0-1/1) and in 90% of patients with higher radiographic grades (ILO 1/2-3/3). There was also a positive relationship between the size of the biopsy specimen and the presence of granulomas. Granulomas were found in 68% of small biopsy specimens and in 90% of moderate or large specimens. PMID- 6615703 TI - Predicting rapid and slow response to treatment in acute severe asthma. AB - The clinical features of patients admitted with acute severe asthma which discriminated between groups who respond rapidly to treatment (attain their maximum PEFR within 3 days), slowly (maximum PEFR after 7 days) and at an intermediate rate (maximum PEFR 3-7 days), have been previously identified in this unit. These included age, atopy, duration of the present attack, the presence normally of day-long wheeze or at least three admissions within the last 12 months, the use of maintenance corticosteroids, the degree of pulsus paradoxus on admission, the rise in PEFR after 6 hours of treatment and the Pao2 after 48 hours. A further study was undertaken to apply these features prospectively to individual asthmatics on admission and again at 6 and 48 hours after the start of treatment to predict the rate of response and to assess the accuracy of these predictions. Fifty-four patients were studied of whom 53 were initially classified as either rapid or slow responders. Forty patients were predicted as rapid responders on admission of whom 14 were reclassified at 6 hours as slow responders. Thirteen patients were correctly classified as slow responders on admission and all had the combined features of maintenance corticosteroids and the presence of day-long wheeze. At 6 hours 51 of the 54 patients (94%) had been correctly classified as rapid or slow responders (P less than 0.0001) as judged by the eventual outcome. Only two patients were incorrectly classified both on admission and at 6 hours. We conclude that these clinical and physiological features allow accurate predictions of the response of an individual to the treatment of acute severe asthma. PMID- 6615704 TI - Pressurized aerosol inhaler technique: how important are inhalation from residual volume, inspiratory flow rate and the time interval between puffs? AB - Forty-three patients with obstructive airways disease took part in three studies designed to determine the importance of three modes of inhalation of a beta 2 agonist on bronchodilator response. Under the conditions of the test, lung volume at the time of aerosol release and the time interval between the 2 puffs had no significant effect upon bronchodilator response, but a fast inspiratory flow rate was found to be associated with a significant reduction in response. PMID- 6615705 TI - Adult idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis: a comparison of lung function changes and the distribution of pulmonary disease in patients with and without coeliac disease. AB - Seven patients with idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis were investigated with chest radiographs, pulmonary function tests, computed axial tomograms, and isotope ventilation and perfusion scans. Three of the patients had coeliac disease (CD) and a fourth an abnormal small bowel mucosa under the dissecting microscope which was normal histologically. Five patients showed airflow limitation with a low transfer coefficient. Three of these had air trapping, two of whom had hyperinflation of the lungs, and the third a total lung capacity at the upper limit of normal. Two patients showed a central distribution of radiographic opacities, and the other five had changes throughout the lung fields. The presence or absence of CD showed no relationship to these findings. PMID- 6615706 TI - Cor pulmonale in asthma. AB - The development of right ventricular failure due to pulmonary hypertension is a common complication of severe chronic bronchitis and emphysema (Renzetti et al. 1976) but is rare in bronchial asthma (Clark 1977). We report a 20-year-old extrinsic asthmatic with persistent hypoxaemia and carbon dioxide retention, secondary polycythaemia and cor pulmonale and describe his further investigation. PMID- 6615707 TI - The influence of different immunization pathways on the immunological response in the oral mucosa. AB - In order to study a possible difference in the induction of local immunological responses in the oral mucosa after different immunization pathways, Wistar rats were immunized with ovalbumin by different routes, (i) via the submandibular lymph nodes, (ii) via the Peyer's patches and (iii) via the hindpad. The local reaction after antigen challenge was compared with the systemic humoral response. To study the local reaction, the homologous antigen was injected in the oral mucosa. This resulted in a delayed type hypersensitivity reaction, being the same in extent and character for all immunization pathways. The humoral response was evaluated by serum antibody production (antiovalbumine IgG). It was shown that the antibody production obtained by immunization via the Peyer's patches was significantly smaller than that in the rats immunized via other pathways. The conclusion was that the induction of a local cellular reaction was independent of the antigen pathway, whereas serum antibody production depended on the route, i.e. antigen administration via the submandibular lymph nodes and the hindpad was significantly higher than via the Peyer's patches. The possible consequences of the findings are discussed together with their relevance to immunopathological reactions in the oral cavity. PMID- 6615708 TI - Studies on the mechanism of glutathione prevention of carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury. AB - The prior administration of reduced glutathione (GSH) partially prevents carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver necrosis observed at 24 h after administration of the hepatotoxin. No prevention occurs when observations are made at 72 h. GSH pretreatment does not significantly modify the intensity of the covalent binding of CCl4 reactive metabolites to microsomal lipids or the intensity of the CCl4 induced lipid peroxidation process at either 1, 3 or 6 h after poisoning. GSH administration does not significantly prevent CCl4-induced cytochrome P-450 destruction or glucose 6 phosphatase activity depression. Pretreatment with GSH does not significantly modify the levels of CCl4 or i.p. administered CCl4 reaching the liver at 1, 3 or 6 h after intoxication. Pretreatment with GSH significantly prevents CCl4-induced decreases in body temperature. Results are interpreted as suggesting that GSH prevents CCl4-induced liver necrosis by changing the liver cell's response to injury rather than by modification of early events of the process such as lipid peroxidation or covalent binding of reactive metabolites. PMID- 6615709 TI - Morphological changes in the kidneys of mice with proteinuria induced by albumin overload. AB - Female CBA/H-T6T6 mice were given daily i.p. injections of 1 ml of saline containing 250 mg of human serum albumin (HSA) for 7 consecutive days. Control mice received the same volume of saline only. At approximately 24 hourly intervals for the 10 days after the first injection, groups of mice (3 HSA and 1 saline-injected) were killed and kidney tissue was taken for light (LM) scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. Small numbers of glomeruli with Bowman's space filled with protein and fine, radially-disposed casts in collecting tubules were observed by LM. SEM revealed focal changes in both endothelium and epithelium, and in a few cases severely damaged epithelial cells were seen. TEM showed numerous small regions of loss or change in shape of foot processes. Epithelial cell branches became increasingly swollen. By the third day after the last injection glomerular morphology appeared to have returned to normal. Although the cause of the proteinuria was attributed to the effects of HSA-induced increased blood viscosity, the focal distribution of the observed morphological changes remains unexplained. PMID- 6615710 TI - Comparison of the effects of basal and methionine-supplemented recovery diets on the liver of ethionine-pretreated rats. AB - Alterations in the liver of rats during ethionine administration and subsequent recovery on basal or methionine-supplemented diets were examined by light and electron microscopy and by the point counting technique. After administration of 1% DL-ethionine diet for 34 days, adult female rats showed a significant decrease (P less than 0.01) in the percentage volume of hepatocytes and a significant increase (P less than 0.002) in the percentage volume of duct cells compared with control animals. When the carcinogen diet was replaced by either basal or methionine-supplemented diet, the percentage volumes of proliferated duct cells fell. The hepatocytes appeared almost normal in the rats on basal recovery diet, whereas those on methionine diet showed extensive fat accumulation in the central hepatocytes. Similar lipid deposition was observed in rats given either methionine plus ethionine diet or basal diet followed by methionine diet as a recovery diet. The percentage volumes of hepatocytes and duct cells in rats transferred to basal recovery diet did not differ significantly from those placed on methionine diet or on methionine plus ethionine diet. Some possible causes of methionine-induced fat deposition are discussed. PMID- 6615711 TI - Pathological changes in rats receiving cyclosporin A at immunotherapeutic dosage for 7 weeks. AB - In rats given an immunotherapeutic dose (25 mg/kg orally each day for 7 weeks) of cyclosporin A (Cy A) characteristic drug-induced pathological changes were observed, including impaired liver function, renal proximal tubular cell damage, progressive lymphopenia, lymphocyte depletion in lymphoid organs and marrow hypoplasia. Several additional and previously unreported features of Cy A toxicity were also demonstrated. The changes in renal and hepatic function were biphasic with temporary improvement during the course of the study. The most striking liver damage was in the form of a granulomatous hepatitis and a hypochromic microcytic anaemia developed in all experimental animals. PMID- 6615712 TI - The regeneration of rectal epithelium in the rat following wounding with suppositories of polyoxyethylene (23) lauryl ether. AB - The regeneration of the epithelial compartments of the rectal mucosa in rats has been quantified at time intervals up to one week following wounding with suppositories of the surfactant polyoxyethylene-(23)-lauryl ether. Regeneration of glandular tissue was complete within one week of the wounding, with new glands arising from residual gland bases and from surface invagination of empty crypt skeletons and underlying granulation tissue. This method of wounding appears to be particularly useful for the study of epithelial regeneration since there was a minimal connective tissue response to the insult. PMID- 6615713 TI - The effect of bromhexine on experimentally induced diabetic nephropathy. AB - Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by a single i.v. injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg). Animals were treated with bromhexine at 2 dose levels (2.5 mg/kg/day and 25 mg/kg/day) for 13 months thereafter and compared to non diabetic controls and untreated diabetic animals. Renal pathology showed a significant increase in glomerular volume and basement membrane thickening in untreated diabetic animals. The higher dose bromhexine treated diabetic animals showed a significant decrease in glomerular volume as compared with diabetic animals not given bromhexine. PMID- 6615714 TI - Pattern of distribution and intensity of lymphoblastogenesis as an aid to distinguishing pseudolymphomas from lymphomas. AB - Pseudolymphomas and malignant lymphomas may be distinguished on the basis of their proliferative activities, evaluated by radioautography after incorporation of tritiated thymidine. In malignant lymphomas, cells synthesizing DNA are numerous and are distributed regularly in the infiltrate. In pseudolymphomas many atypical cells do not synthesize DNA, and those labelled with [3H]TdR are often grouped in restricted areas of the infiltrate. PMID- 6615715 TI - Erythrocyte membrane phosphorylation in untreated and in etretinate-treated psoriatic patients. AB - Levels of phosphorylation were decreased in bands 2 to 2.1, 2.9 to 3 and 4.5 to 4.8 of erythrocyte membranes from psoriatic patients compared with control values. In addition, higher than control levels of 32P were incorporated into a new polypeptide band (mol.wt. 18-20,000 daltons) of red cell membranes from patients. Uptake of 32P by these bands returned towards normal after the patients received oral etretinate treatment. These results suggest there is a generalized plasma membrane defect in psoriasis and that etretinate may affect the metabolism of red cell membrane proteins. PMID- 6615716 TI - Response of the clinically uninvolved skin of psoriatic patients to standardized injury. AB - Test sites on healthy controls and on the clinically uninvolved skin of psoriatic patients were stripped with tape, and eight variables were quantified at intervals during the subsequent healing process. In the control groups, the stratum corneum regenerated at a constant rate and the underlying skin showed elevations of metabolic activity peaking around days 2-4. In the psoriatic groups, we observed that (I) the response of the keratinizing zone is identical to that of the controls, (2) the proliferative response is initially normal but remains elevated rather longer than usual, and (3) the dermal capillaries (indicated by alkaline phosphatase activity) show a gross hyper-reactivity which is already apparent after 1 day and which persists for more than a week. These findings support our previous conclusion that metabolic alteration of the dermal capillary precedes epidermal hyperplasia in the pathogenesis of the psoriatic lesion. PMID- 6615717 TI - Langerhans cells in autosomal dominant ichthyosis vulgaris. AB - Five patients with autosomal dominant ichthyosis vulgaris (ADI) were studied to see whether the abnormal keratinization was associated with disturbances of the appearance or the distribution of epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs). The LCs were identified by ATPase staining and electron microscopy. They were present in normal numbers, were of normal morphology and were in their usual mid-epidermal position. These observations do not support the hypothesis that LCs are involved directly in the process of keratinization. PMID- 6615718 TI - In vivo removal of the horny layer with formic acid. AB - An alternative to stripping for removing the horny layer has been devised. Occlusive application of 5-7% aqueous formic acid for 24 h induces a separation of the stratum corneum. The inflammatory response is minor and there is little discomfort. The method is useful for studying the effect of various chemicals and physiological agents on barrier-free skin in vivo. Additionally, the influence of creams and ointments on wound healing may be accurately assessed. PMID- 6615719 TI - The effect on epidermal DNA synthesis of a combination of topical steroid with either dithranol or tar as used for psoriasis. AB - The hairless mouse was used to investigate the effects of a combination of glucocorticosteroid with either dithranol or tar on epidermal DNA synthesis, in order to determine whether such combinations reduce epidermal DNA synthesis more effectively than the single agents. Dithranol alone produced a significant local inhibition of DNA synthesis at concentrations of 0.1% and 0.05% but not at lower concentrations. Dose-response data for dilutions of clobetasol propionate and betamethasone 17-valerate showed progressive diminution of both local and systemic effects with decreasing concentrations. An additive effect was found from combining clobetasol propionate with dithranol and from combining betamethasone 17-valerate with liquor picis carbonis. These combined preparations were tested again after storage for 6 months and 2 months respectively and showed no loss of efficacy. These results lend justification to the use of these combined preparations in the treatment of psoriasis. PMID- 6615720 TI - Relationship between skin type and erythemal response to anthralin. AB - Anthralin erythema dose-response curves were drawn for thirty adult patients of various skin types who had chronic plaque psoriasis. A small statistically significant difference was observed between the curves for skin types I and IV but this was not thought to be sufficient to account for the clinical impression of increased anthralin irritancy in fair-skinned subjects. PMID- 6615721 TI - Persisting cholinergic erythema: a variant of cholinergic urticaria. AB - A new variant of cholinergic urticaria is described. Four patients each had a similar persistent macular skin rash distributed maximally over the upper limbs and upper trunk. Though the rash was persistent, individual macules were of short duration but new macules continually appeared at adjacent sites. Exercise and hot baths exacerbated pruritus and provoked lesions in previously unaffected areas. Topically applied benzoyl scopolamine blocked the appearance of the lesions after challenge. Tests of cholinergic function were normal, apart from an exaggerated pupillary response to arecoline in one patient. PMID- 6615722 TI - Persistent acantholytic dermatosis related to actinic damage. AB - Ten male patients aged 38-63 years are presented, in whom a chronic, itchy, papular eruption developed on the upper trunk. Histology showed the characteristic features of Darier's disease. All the patients had clinical evidence of considerable solar damage and skin malignancies were frequently present. The condition is thought to represent a distinct entity which has been called persistent acantholytic dermatosis. The relationship between this condition, transient acantholytic dermatosis and actinic keratoses with Darier like histology is discussed. PMID- 6615723 TI - Discoid lupus erythematosus and monoclonal gammopathy. AB - Of twelve patients with discoid lupus erythematosus and dysgammaglobulinaemia, eight had a monoclonal gammopathy with a benign course to date, two had 'smouldering' myeloma, and two developed overt multiple myeloma. Six patients had generalized discoid lupus erythematosus, and six had skin lesions localized to the head and neck. Further screening of patients with discoid lupus erythematosus by serum protein electrophoresis is indicated to determine the significance of these findings. PMID- 6615724 TI - Benoxaprofen and the skin. PMID- 6615726 TI - Impaired chemiluminescence and bactericidal killing by neutrophils from patients with severe cobalamin deficiency. AB - Neutrophil function was examined in 24 patients with megaloblastic haemopoiesis due to vitamin B12-or folate deficiency. Defective bactericidal activity was demonstrated in the B12-deficient group only and was associated with normal phagocytic activity but impaired intracellular killing. Luminol amplified luminescence was consistently low in B12-deficient subjects with RBC counts of less than 2 X 10(12)/l. These defects were not seen in the folate-deficient cases although isolated abnormalities were present in those who were also alcoholic. PMID- 6615725 TI - The course of psoriasis in cancer patients. PMID- 6615727 TI - Oxygenation alters red cell folate levels. AB - Folate activity is consistently higher in deoxygenated than oxygenated human blood as measured by both radioassay and Lactobacillus casei growth. Red cell, but not serum, folate levels are rapidly mutable: when fully oxygenated, the mean red cell folate level of 15 samples was 489 ng/ml; after deoxygenation the mean rose to 553 ng/ml; following re-oxygenation the mean returned to 488 ng/ml. Transport of folate across the red cell membrane apparently does not contribute to these changes in folate levels, since agents known to inhibit permeation (N ethyl-maleimide, p-chlormercuriphenyl sulfonic acid and ethacrynic acid) do not affect the rise with deoxygenation. Moreover, new synthesis of folate compounds seems unlikely, since the changes are observed in energy-depleted cells. Instead, direct binding of folate to haemoglobin is suggested by experiments in which the rise with deoxygenation was not seen in red cells exposed to carbon monoxide or treated with cyanate. Similar changes also occur in vivo: canine red cell, but not serum folate levels are significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in samples collected from five different veins compared with blood from the paired artery (carotid-jugular, renal, mesenteric, splenic, femoral) of four animals. Thus red cell folate levels are predictably influenced by the levels of oxygenation of the erythrocyte both in vitro and in vivo, possibly by reversibly binding to haemoglobin. PMID- 6615728 TI - Tissue ferritin in scorbutic guinea-pigs. AB - Tissue ferritin metabolism was compared in control and ascorbic acid (AA) deficient guinea-pigs. Concentrations of ferritin protein in the liver (0.98 +/- 0.61 mg/g wet weight) and spleen (0.48 +/- 0.23 mg/g) of control animals did not change after tissue depletion of AA. Iron dextran (75 mg/kg weight, i.m.) caused a 4-5-fold increase in tissue ferritin concentrations in controls whereas no increase in tissue ferritin occurred in scorbutic animals. The rise in tissue total iron concentration was similar in the two groups. Liver ferritin synthesis was similar in control and scorbutic animals. After stimulation with iron (8 mg/kg iron dextran i.v.), ferritin synthesis rose in both groups of animals. However, the pattern of response differed. At 24 h after iron dextran, ferritin synthesis in controls was still significantly elevated (P less than 0.001) and liver ferritin protein continued to rise, whereas in scorbutic animals, ferritin synthesis had declined to pre-iron injection levels, and no rise in ferritin protein values occurred. It is concluded that the ferritin synthetic apparatus in AA deficient tissues remained intact and capable of responding to added iron. The absence of a sustained elevation in tissue ferritin protein after an iron load appeared to be due to inadequate stimulation of ferritin synthesis by intracellular iron. It is suggested that AA has a physiological role in the reduction of intracellular iron and that it is the reduced form of iron which stimulates ferritin synthesis. Abnormalities of iron metabolism occur in AA depleted tissues when the quantity of Fe3+ entering cells exceeds the residual reducing capacity of those cells. PMID- 6615729 TI - Incomplete glycosylation of erythrocyte membrane proteins in congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia type II (CDA II). AB - The alterations in the erythrocyte membrane proteins of individuals with congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia (CDA II) were studied. Alterations were observed in both the erythrocyte sialoglycoproteins and erythrocyte anion transport protein (Band 3). There was a decrease in the apparent molecular weight of the major sialoglycoprotein alpha (glycophorin A) as well as a general reduction in the intensity of staining of all the sialoglycoproteins by the PAS stain. Sialoglycoprotein alpha isolated from CDA II erythrocytes contained 30% less sialic acid than normal alpha. The anion transport protein of CDA II erythrocytes migrated as a band with a lower molecular weight than the normal protein on SDS-gel electrophoresis. The CDA II anion transport protein had a substantially reduced content of N-acetylglucosamine and galactose, which probably reflects a reduction in the number of N-acetyl-lactosamine units carried by the protein. Our results suggest that there is a general defect in glycosylation of the major membrane glycoproteins of CDA II erythrocytes. We suggest that this glycosylation defect is a consequence of bone marrow stress. PMID- 6615730 TI - Indomethacin-mediated enhancement of lymphocyte response to phytohaemagglutinin in dengue haemorrhagic fever patients. PMID- 6615731 TI - Treatment of pure red cell aplasia by high dose intravenous immunoglobulins. PMID- 6615732 TI - Preservation of haemopoietic progenitor cells. PMID- 6615733 TI - Observations on the mechanisms underlying the defective methylation of deoxyuridylate in kwashiorkor. PMID- 6615734 TI - Obstetricians, gynaecologists and the FRCS. PMID- 6615735 TI - Erythropoietin and cord blood haemoglobin in the regulation of human fetal erythropoiesis. AB - Erythropoietin was estimated by radioimmunoassay in serum from 78 cord blood samples, collected in the second and third trimesters in 72 pregnancies. In 43 samples obtained during or after normal pregnancy (from 19 to 42 weeks gestation) erythropoietin levels increased with gestation. Cord blood haemoglobin also increased with gestation, but the rate of increase was less during the last weeks of pregnancy. Erythropoietin levels were similar in the cord blood of infants of the same gestation, whether born vaginally or by caesarean section. The fetus can respond to severe anaemia or hypoxia with increased erythropoietin levels as early as 24 weeks gestation. Elevated erythropoietin levels were found in two out of eight infants born after labour in which there was 'acute' fetal distress, suggesting the presence of unrecognized chronic fetal hypoxia in these pregnancies. PMID- 6615736 TI - Plasma progesterone in the umbilical vessels at term--an overview. AB - This paper reports the results of umbilical cord vein and artery, and maternal peripheral vein plasma progesterone levels in over 300 term human deliveries, individual aspects of which have previously been reported. An attempt was made to assess the fetal status objectively, and the results confirm that cord progesterone levels are correlated with the mode of delivery, the clinical indications for the mode of delivery and the clinical condition of the fetus after delivery. No relation was found to fetal sex, induction of labour or maternal antenatal complications. PMID- 6615737 TI - Maternal mortality in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. AB - The maternal mortality in the Maternity and Children Hospital, Riyadh, during the years 1978-1980 was 52 per 100 000 births, when the total births were 55 428. This is higher than the rate reported from the hospitals in developed countries but lower than rates reported by the university hospitals of developing countries such as India, Thailand and Nigeria. Haemorrhage, associated disease, pulmonary embolism and infection, in that order, were the main causes of maternal deaths. The main avoidable factor was failure by the patient to seek the medical care. Much could be done in reducing deaths due to haemorrhage by improving blood transfusion facilities in the peripheral hospitals. Adequate health education, especially of rural women and their midwives, is a crucial factor in improving the maternal death rate for the country as a whole. PMID- 6615738 TI - Concentrations of hypoxanthine, xanthine, uridine and urate in amniotic fluid at caesarean section and the association of raised levels with prenatal risk factors and fetal distress. AB - Samples of amniotic fluid were obtained at caesarean section from 33 of 80 consecutive unselected patients in whom the membranes were intact. Concentrations of the ATP metabolites, hypoxanthine and xanthine, as well as uridine and urate were determined using high pressure liquid chromatography. Independent 'clinical' factors associated with reduced fetal growth and well-being were identified and the patients were assigned to one of three groups: those with no recognized risk, those with moderate risk and a small group of four patients with high risk. The mean hypoxanthine concentration was higher in the moderate-risk group than in the group with no risk. Two of the three patients with proteinuric hypertension in the high-risk group had normal hypoxanthine concentrations. There were seven patients with fetal distress, and concentrations of hypoxanthine, xanthine, uridine and urate were significantly higher in the three patients who had meconium stained amniotic fluid in addition to abnormal fetal heart rate tracings than in the remaining four who had fetal heart rate abnormalities only. It is suggested that fetal distress at emergency caesarean sections might be quantitated by such analysis. PMID- 6615740 TI - Clinical significance of sinusoidal fetal heart rate pattern. AB - Sinusoidal fetal heart rate pattern has been regarded as a sign of fetal jeopardy and 92 instances of this pattern were analysed. The morphologically different major and minor sinusoidal patterns were assessed with regard to their clinical significance as predictors of fetal compromise. There were 83 instances of minor sinusoidal pattern (amplitude of oscillation less than 25 beats/min) with only one antepartum fetal death. Major sinusoidal pattern (amplitude of oscillation greater than 25 beats/min) was diagnosed in nine patients and in six of them the fetus died before, during or after delivery. It is concluded that patients with minor sinusoidal heart rate patterns may be managed expectantly, whereas on the rare occasion when a major sinusoidal pattern is seen expeditious delivery is justified. PMID- 6615739 TI - Fetal scalp blood lactate as an indicator of intrapartum hypoxia. AB - Fetal scalp blood lactate was measured during labour by a simple, rapid method and its value as an indicator of fetal intrauterine hypoxia was assessed and compared with that of pH measurement. The normal ranges of lactate concentration and of pH values were calculated. Significantly higher concentrations of lactate and lower pH values were found in samples of scalp blood taken close to delivery from babies with Apgar scores of less than or equal to 6 at 1 min compared with those from healthy babies with Apgar scores of greater than or equal to 7 at 1 min. A similarly significant difference was observed between the cord blood lactate and pH values of these two groups of babies. Ominous fetal heart rate patterns were associated with higher lactate concentrations and lower pH values in fetal scalp blood than were normal fetal heart rate patterns. The measurement of fetal scalp blood lactate or pH, or continuous electronic fetal heart rate monitoring were equally good at predicting the condition of the infant at birth. PMID- 6615741 TI - Plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity in pregnancy-induced hypertension. AB - Plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity was estimated in non-pregnant women, normotensive pregnant women during the third trimester and women with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). Non-pregnant women from a high income group had significantly higher DBH activity than their low income counterparts. DBH activity was significantly elevated in women with PIH when compared with non pregnant and normal pregnant women from a low income group, but was lower than the level in well-nourished, non-pregnant normotensive women. PMID- 6615743 TI - The frequency, causes and prevention of severe urinary dysfunction after radical hysterectomy. AB - Urinary dysfunction that developed in 58 patients treated by radical hysterectomy, with or without total vaginectomy and whole pelvic irradiation over a 10-year period, was studied retrospectively by case record review and telephone enquiry. Seven of the 58 (12%) were found to be severely handicapped, six by incontinence and enuresis, and one by the complete inability to void. Twenty-one (36%) patients had absent bladder sensation or urine loss that caused only minor inconvenience. Advancing age, the menopause, whole pelvic irradiation, and total vaginectomy did not increase the likelihood of developing long-term urinary problems. The determining factor was whether the most lateral portions of the cardinal and uterosacral ligaments had been resected or spared at the time of surgery. It is concluded that serious disability may be avoided by conserving the lateral portions of the pelvic ligaments while obtaining adequate surgical margins during radical hysterectomy. PMID- 6615742 TI - Changes in plasma steroid hormones during treatment of preterm labour with ritodrine-HCl. AB - Peripheral plasma concentrations of unconjugated oestradiol 17-beta, progesterone and total oestriol were measured in 21 patients presenting with 'uncomplicated' preterm labour. Serial measurements were made during intravenous treatment with ritodrine over a period of 24 h. Mean levels of unconjugated oestradiol 17-beta fell significantly during infusion with ritodrine. Changes in progesterone levels remained within the range of diurnal fluctuations normally found in uncomplicated late pregnancy. Mean total oestriol levels fell significantly, but the changes did not exceed normal variations. No correlation was found between the magnitude, the rate or the timing of changes in any of the hormones measured and the short or long term effects of ritodrine on uterine activity. Although alterations in the peripheral oestrogen concentrations may be a direct effect of beta-mimetics, it is unlikely that this mechanism is important in the inhibition of uterine activity. PMID- 6615744 TI - Congenital heart block associated with maternal primary Sjogren's syndrome. Case report. PMID- 6615745 TI - Antenatal diagnosis of intracranial arteriovenous fistula by ultrasonography. Case report. PMID- 6615746 TI - Pregnancy with huge bilateral hypertrophic axillary tail of the breast. Case report. PMID- 6615747 TI - Side effects of labetalol in newborn infants. PMID- 6615748 TI - Fibroblast-like cells on intraocular lens implants: phagocytosing erythrocytes. AB - An intraocular lens implant had to be removed 4 years after its implantation from the eye of a patient on warfarin (Coumadin) medication because of repeated intraocular haemorrhages. Implant cytology staining revealed a continuous membrane on the removed implant that contained relatively few large foreign body giant cells and great numbers of small fibroblast-like cells. An impressive clean up function of the fibroblast-like cells with phagocytosis of whole erythrocytes was observed. PMID- 6615749 TI - Boberg-Ans intraocular lenses: a retrospective study. AB - A retrospective study of 102 cases of Boberg-Ans intraocular lens implantations was conducted. The operations were performed in 3 Birmingham eye units by 5 consultants and 6 surgeons in training. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 2 years, with a mean of 12.6 months. No cases with adequate follow-up were excluded. When eyes with pre-existing adverse factors were excluded, 87% achieved 6/12 or better. There were no appreciable difference between the results obtained by consultants and those of surgeons in training. The advantages and disadvantages of the lens are discussed. PMID- 6615750 TI - Pseudophakodonesis and corneal endothelial contact: direct observations by high speed cinematography. AB - High-speed cinematography was used to observe the movement of Federov type I lens implants within the anterior chamber. Our measurements suggest that in most patients contact between the lens implant and corneal endothelium does not occur. PMID- 6615751 TI - The developing bleb: effect of topical antiprostaglandins on the outcome of glaucoma fistulising surgery. AB - A prospective trial of topical antiprostaglandins versus placebo in the treatment of postoperative fistulising surgery followed up for 12 months is described. It is concluded that antiprostaglandins have little place in the management of these cases. A photographic record of evolution of the fistulising bleb is described, together with a scoring system devised for the evolution of the successful fistulising bleb. A comparison is made between appearance and function of the fistulising bleb based on the use of the water drinking test and tonography together with intraocular pressure as tests of bleb function. It is concluded that the appearance of the established bleb alone is an insufficient guide to function, particularly if further surgery--for example, cataract extraction--is required. PMID- 6615752 TI - Comparative study of the intraocular pressure effects of fluorometholone 0.1% versus dexamethasone 0.1%. AB - The intraocular pressure effect of fluorometholone 0.1% was compared with that of dexamethasone 0.1% by performing corticosteroid provocative tests on 24 matched pairs of eyes. Fifteen of the 24 dexamethasone treated eyes, 62.5%, showed a change in intraocular pressure greater than 5 mmHg, with mean delta P = 8.58 mmHg and range 0 to +20 mmHg. Only 2 of the 24 fluorometholone treated eyes, 8.3%, showed a change in pressure greater than 5 mmHg, with mean delta P = 2.96 mmHg and range -2 to +14 mmHg. There was a highly statistically significant difference between the intraocular pressure effects of topical dexamethasone and fluorometholone (correlated t test, p less than 0.001). Fluorometholone would appear to be the topical steroid of choice for patients with glaucoma and other known steroid responders when topical steroid treatment is indicated. PMID- 6615753 TI - A comparison of monocular and 'stereoscopic' photographs of the optic disc in the identification of glaucomatous visual field defects. AB - From a comparison of the results obtained by examining 'monocular' and 'stereoscopic' photographs of the optic disc it was concluded that each afforded similar levels of accuracy in identifying glaucomatous visual field defects. PMID- 6615754 TI - Longitudinal study of serum antibody responses to bovine retinal S-antigen in endogenous granulomatous uveitis. AB - Twelve patients with granulomatous uveitis were followed up longitudinally for as long as 20 months after their initial visit, and multiple serum antibody titres to bovine retinal S-antigen were determined and compared with the clinical activity at the time of each sampling. In those patients who presented with highly active lesions which then resolved during the course of the study without recurrences (7 toxoplasmosis and 1 pars planitis) the antibody titres reached a peak approximately 2 months after the initial visit and declined thereafter. No correlation of serum anti-S titres with clinical activity or predictable pattern of titres could be found in those patients who had recurrences during the course of the study (3 granulomatous iridocyclitis and 1 ocular sarcoidosis). PMID- 6615755 TI - Status of hepatitis B virus in the aetiology of uveitis in Great Britain. AB - Viruses have been demonstrated or suspected as the causative agents of various types of uveitis. Hepatitis B virus (HBV), apart from causing hepatitis, has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic vasculitis, for example in glomerulonephritis and polyarteritis nodosa. It is therefore possible to postulate that a similar vasculitic process might occur in the eye leading to intraocular inflammation. A recent report from Switzerland suggests that HBV may be implicated in the aetiology of uveitis, as hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was found in the serum of 13% of cases of uveitis. Since the status of HBV in the aetiology of uveitis in Great Britain has not been investigated, we have examined serum from 200 cases of uveitis of various clinical types for the presence of circulating HBsAg. Only 4 cases (2%) were found to be HBsAg positive. This study failed, therefore, to confirm HBV as an important cause of uveitis in this country, but one cannot exclude the possibility that it may play a pathogenetic role in a small proportion of such cases. PMID- 6615756 TI - Neonatal chlamydial eye infection: an epidemiological and clinical study. AB - Neonatal chlamydial eye infection was detected in 39 cases of 281 infants with purulent conjunctivitis seen at the Department of Ophthalmology. Most cases of neonatal chlamydial eye infection (90%) were detected during the first month of life, and no case was found after 2 months of age. C. trachomatis was not isolated from any of 161 healthy control infants at 3-4 weeks of age. Genital chlamydial infection was demonstrated in 50% of the mothers to infected infants. Two of these women developed post-partum complications possibly due to chlamydial infection. Mothers of infected infants tended to be younger than average. Of 23 cases examined 2 years later, late sequelae were identified in 3. PMID- 6615757 TI - Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy: recurrent episodes in the same eye. AB - Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy is characterised by a sudden, painless loss of vision, optic disc oedema, and nerve fibre bundle visual field defects. It may be associated with giant cell arteritis but is usually idiopathic. Although subsequent involvement of the second eye is common, more than one episode in the same eye is extremely rare. Four patients with recurrent anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy in the same eye are described. PMID- 6615758 TI - A survey of the nutritional and haemagglutination properties of legume seeds generally available in the UK. AB - Eighty-five samples from fifteen different legume seed lines generally available in the UK were examined by measurements of their net protein utilization by rats and by haemagglutination tests with erythrocytes from a number of different animal species. From these results the seeds were classified into four broad groups. Group a seeds from most varieties of kidney (Phaseolus vulgaris), runner (Phaseolus coccineus) and tepary (Phaseolus acutifolius) beans showed high reactivity with all cell types and were also highly toxic. Group b, which contained seeds from lima or butter beans (Phaseolus lunatus) and winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus), agglutinated only human and pronase-treated rat erythrocytes. These seeds did not support proper growth of the rats although the animals survived the 10 d experimental period. Group c consisted of seeds from lentils (Lens culinaris), peas (Pisum sativum), chick-peas (Cicer arietinum), blackeyed peas (Vigna sinensis), pigeon peas (Cajanus cajan), mung beans (Phaseolus aureus), field or broad beans (Vicia faba) and aduki beans (Phaseolus angularis). These generally had low reactivity with all cells and were non-toxic. Group d, represented by soya (Glycine max) and pinto (Phaseolus vulgaris) beans, generally had low reactivity with all cells but caused growth depression at certain dietary concentrations. This growth depression was probably mainly due to antinutritional factors other than lectins. Lectins from group a seeds showed many structural and immunological similarities. However the subunit composition of the lectin from the tepary bean samples was different from that of the other bean lectins in this or any other groups. PMID- 6615759 TI - Retinol homeostasis in lambs given low and high intakes of vitamin A. AB - Four groups of lambs were fed on a low-carotene basal diet. One group received no supplemental vitamin A (mildly deficient). Remaining groups were supplemented daily with vitamin A acetate equivalent to 100 (control) 9000 (mildly intoxicated) and 18000 (severely intoxicated) microgram retinol/kg body-weight. After 16 weeks lambs received a bolus of [15-3H]retinol intravenously; blood, urine and faeces were sampled for 48 h. Plasma retinol was complexed to a protein of 20000 molecular weight (MW), which in turn was complexed to a protein of 65000 MW; these proteins correspond respectively to retinol-binding protein and prealbumin. Plasma retinol concentration reached plateau values in intoxicated lambs, but plasma retinyl ester concentrations increased rapidly when liver contents of both retinol and retinyl esters exceeded approximately 10 and 100 mg respectively and kidney contents of both retinol and retinyl esters exceeded 30 micrograms. Labelled compounds, more polar than retinol, were found in plasma; their concentration increased tenfold in intoxicated lambs within 48 h. Plasma retinol transport rates were 0.1, 10.5 and 11.8 times control values, and clearance rates were 0.3, 14.1 and 14.3 times control values in mildly-deficient, and mildly- or severely-intoxicated lambs respectively. Turnover of retinol increased rapidly when liver contents of retinol and retinyl esters exceeded approximately 10 and 100 mg respectively and kidney contents of both retinol and retinyl esters exceeded approximately 30 micrograms. Plasma clearance of retinyl esters was unchanged with intake. Faecal excretion of tracer increased linearly with plasma retinol clearance. Our findings identify several variables that appear to be involved in retinol homeostasis, including plasma retinol clearance and excretion. PMID- 6615760 TI - Whole-body metabolism of glucose and lactate in productive sheep and cows. AB - Constant infusions of D-[U-14C]glucose, D-[6-3H]glucose and L-[U-14C]lactate were used to determine rates of apparent turnover, de novo production, disposal and interconversions of glucose and lactate, together with total recycling of glucose C, in ewes and dairy cows during late pregnancy and early lactation. The cows were also examined while being fasted. In the fed animals, infusions were made within 5 h after the morning meal when steady-state conditions appeared to exist. In the ewes, circulating concentrations of glucose and lactate, and magnitudes of apparent turnovers of glucose and lactate, tended to be higher during lactation than during pregnancy, while the extent of interconversions of glucose and lactate tended to be lower. Although the metabolic pattern seen in the cows appeared to be similar to that of the ewes during pregnancy, there were clear differences during lactation. Thus, in the lactating cows, as compared with the lactating ewes, circulating concentrations of glucose and lactate were lower, as was apparent turnover related to metabolic body-weight. Furthermore, the percentage of lactate turnover converted to glucose was higher. In the cows, fasting was characterized by low rates of apparent turnover of glucose and lactate and relatively high rates of interconversion of the two compounds. The results indicated that, under the conditions used in this study and when feeding is to recommended levels, carbohydrate metabolism in ewes is more precarious during late pregnancy than during early lactation, while in dairy cows it is more or less equally precarious in both physiological states. A further conclusion is that the extent of glucose-lactate interconversions, and thus Cori cycle activity, seems to be lower in ruminants than in other species. PMID- 6615761 TI - Tissue glucose and lactate metabolism and interconversions in pregnant and lactating sheep. AB - Continuous infusions of [14C]glucose and [14C]lactate on separate days, and measurements of blood flow-rate, were used to obtain values for rates of unidirectional metabolism and of interconversion of glucose and lactate in the portal-drained viscera, liver and hind-quarters of ewes during late pregnancy and early lactation. All infusions were made within 5 h after the morning meal, when steady-state conditions appeared to exist. Use was made of ewes that had been appropriately catheterized during pregnancy, and whose catheters remained patent through into lactation. The liver was the main source of glucose production (67 70%) during both pregnancy and lactation. Other sources were the portal-drained viscera (absorbed glucose) and, presumably, the kidneys. Over 80% of the glucose was utilized by the peripheral tissues with approximately 35-40% of utilization being attributable to the hind-quarters. Of the total lactate production, 76% occurred in the peripheral tissues during pregnancy but only 36% during lactation. While the liver utilized 73% of lactate during pregnancy, this value fell to only 42% during lactation, at which time the portal-drained viscera utilized 26% of the lactate. During pregnancy, approximately 80% of the lactate arose from glucose, chiefly in peripheral tissues, while at least 12% of the glucose arose from lactate, chiefly in the liver. During lactation the extent of these interconversions was decreased. Despite the interconversions, whole-body turnover rates for glucose and lactate were under- or overestimated by only 4-10% and 2-5% respectively. Furthermore, a comparison of turnover rates obtained with [U-14C]- and [6-3H]glucose indicated that there was only 6 and 2% recycling of glucose-C during pregnancy and lactation respectively. Under the conditions employed in this study, lactate does not appear to be a major precursor of glucose in the ruminant, and most of the lactate taken up by the liver must be used for purposes other than gluconeogenesis, such as oxidation or alternative anabolic pathways. PMID- 6615762 TI - The effect of biotin deficiency and dietary protein content on lipogenesis, gluconeogenesis and related enzyme activities in chick liver. AB - Chicks were given biotin-deficient diets containing either suboptimal (low) or supraoptimal (high) concentrations of protein from 1-d-old until they were used during their fourth week of life. The low-protein diet predisposed chicks to develop fatty liver and kidney syndrome and the high-protein diet to develop classical biotin deficiency signs. Two other groups, as controls, received biotin supplemented rations. Low dietary protein increased lipogenesis by isolated hepatocytes but had little effect on gluconeogenesis compared to high dietary protein. Low dietary protein decreased activities of hepatic isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.42), fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11) and glucose-6-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.9; GP) and increased activities of fatty acid synthase (FAS), citrate cleavage enzyme (EC 4.1.3.8; CCE) and malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (EC 1.1.1.39). When biotin deficiency was superimposed, the rate of lipogenesis by isolated hepatocytes (from fed birds) was decreased. Gluconeogenesis from lactate and glycerol was also depressed. Activity of GP was further decreased by biotin deficiency on the low-protein regimen and FAS and CCE were further increased. PK activity was increased by biotin deficiency. PMID- 6615764 TI - Tissue S-adenosylmethionine levels in fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) with nitrous oxide-induced neuropathy. AB - The effect of cobalamin inactivation by the anaesthetic gas nitrous oxide on the concentration of S-adenosylmethionine (Ado Met) in brain and liver of fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) was examined. Test animals exposed to N2O-oxygen (50:50, v/v) developed ataxia and paralysis leading to death after an average of 9.8 weeks (n6). Animals receiving pteroylmonoglutamic acid supplements in the diet became ataxic earlier (mean 8.8 weeks) while those receiving methionine supplements survived for significantly longer periods (12.5 weeks, P less than 0.01). Plasma cobalamin levels indicated severe depletion of cobalamin stores in N2O-exposed animals. The mean concentration of Ado Met in the brain of N2O treated bats was nearly 50% higher than that of untreated controls. Ado Met levels in treated bats receiving pteroylmonoglutamic acid or methionine supplements were respectively 18 and 25% higher than in controls. In contrast, the concentration of Ado Met in the liver of all the N2O-treated groups was slightly lower than in controls. These results suggest that the N2O-induced neuropathy in the fruit bat is not related to a depletion of Ado Met in the nervous system. PMID- 6615763 TI - Chemical factors affecting the intestinal absorption of zinc in vitro and in vivo. AB - Everted sacs of rat duodenum and ileum were used to study the effect of anions and organic ligands on the absorption of zinc. The uptake per unit weight of tissue was greater in duodenum than ileum, and it was influenced by the Zn concentration and pH of the incubation medium. The Zn uptake from inorganic salts in simple buffered medium varied in the order zinc sulphate greater than zinc chloride greater than zinc phosphate. Zinc acetate was more effective and zinc citrate less effective than ZnCl2. Addition of aspartic acid or histidine to ZnCl2 increased the uptake but galactose or lactose decreased it. 2-Picolinic acid greatly increased the Zn uptake but 4-picolinic acid reduced it. When incubated with intestinal sacs after incorporation into a synthetic rat diet, only ZnSO4 and 2-picolinic acid increased Zn uptake compared with ZnCl2, but zinc citrate and 4-picolinic acid still tended to decrease it. Metabolic balance studies showed no significant differences in the faecal excretion, total excretion or retention of Zn between rats receiving diets containing different forms of Zn. ZnSO4, zinc citrate and particularly 2-picolinic acid increased the urinary excretion of Zn. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to the suitability of methods for investigating Zn absorption and the importance of Zn-binding ligands. PMID- 6615765 TI - Rates of proteolysis in the rumen of the soluble proteins casein, fraction I (18S) leaf protein, bovine serum albumin and bovine submaxillary mucoprotein. AB - The rate of proteolysis in the rumen was dependent on the soluble protein used. With a sheep on a hay + concentrate diet the rates (approximately Vmax) for casein, Fraction I leaf protein and bovine serum albumin were 16.5, 3.4 and 0.9 mg protein nitrogen/l per min respectively. Change of diet from hay + concentrate to fresh lucerne (Medicago sativa) increased the proteolytic rates for all three proteins. Bovine submaxillary mucoprotein degraded extremely slowly in the rumen at approximately 0.5-0.6 mg N/l per min and its sialic acid component was degraded at a similar rate to that of the protein chain. Uniformly 14C-labelled Fraction I leaf protein was used to demonstrate that in the presence of a second protein, competition for enzymic sites occurred. In Fraction I and bovine serum albumin mixtures, reduced rates for the individual proteins of the mixture were observed compared with the proteins treated separately. Treatment of bovine serum albumin with dithiothreitol (0.2 g/l) to cleave disulphide bridges increased the rates of proteolysis by as much as 8.5-fold. PMID- 6615766 TI - Amino acid oxidation by young pigs receiving diets with varying levels of sulphur amino acids. AB - Piglets were weaned at 3 d of age and were introduced to liquid diets in which 400 g/kg protein was supplied as skim-milk powder and the balance as a mixture of free amino acids. The skim milk contributed 2.3 g methionine and 1.4 g cystine/kg diet; the experimental diets were made by supplementing these levels with free amino acids. The adequacy of the test level of the amino acid in the diet was assessed by measuring the oxidation of [1-14C]phenylalanine as an indicator of the partition of the essential amino acids between incorporation into protein and degradation. Radioactivity recovered as carbon dioxide was used as a measure of catabolism. Addition of 0.2, 0.4, 0.7, 1.2 and 1.7 g L-methionine/kg to a diet containing 5 g cystine and 3 g choline chloride/kg showed that phenylalanine catabolism was minimal for the diet with 2.7 g methionine/kg indicating that this is the dietary requirement for methionine to serve as a source of methionine residues for protein synthesis. Addition of D-methionine to produce a series of diets with graded levels of methionine showed that the D-isomer was less effective than the L-isomer in reducing phenylalanine catabolism: the addition of 0.8 g D-methionine/kg diet was needed to produce the same effect as 0.4 g L methionine/kg diet showing that the replacement value of D-methionine for L methionine was 50% in the young pig.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6615767 TI - Vitamin A absorption and metabolism in the chick: response to high dietary intake and to tocopherol. AB - Absorption of 14C-labelled retinol was determined along the gastrointestinal tract of chicks, using 141Cerium as a non-absorbed reference substance, as influenced by high dietary vitamin A and the addition of tocopherol to the diet. The site of major vitamin A absorption was the proximal small intestine and high intake of vitamin A reduced slightly the percentage over-all absorption. Labelled glucuronides were secreted into the duodenum and were 50-60% reabsorbed in the small intestines. High-vitamin-A intakes enhanced the duodenal flow of retinyl glucuronides. In vitro hepatic retinol esterification and glucuronide production were enhanced in chicks given high dietary vitamin A. Plasma transport and clearance of retinol were enhanced by feeding high levels of vitamin A and further enhanced when tocopherol at high concentrations was present in the diet. Dietary tocopherol had no effect on absorption, increased hepatic vitamin A stores and in vitro retinol esterification, and decreased retinyl glucuronide flows through the duodenum. PMID- 6615768 TI - Effect of high vitamin A or tocopherol intake on hepatic lipid metabolism and intestinal absorption and secretion of lipids and bile acids in the chick. AB - The effect of high dietary vitamin A or tocopherol, or both, on lipid absorption and secretion in the gastrointestinal tract and on serum and hepatic lipids was determined in the chick. High dietary vitamin A increased secretion of cholesterol, bile acids, phospholipids and fatty acids to the duodenum, and tocopherol enhanced cholesterol and bile acid secretion to the duodenum. No differences in over-all absorption were observed. Serum cholesterol was depressed by vitamin A and hepatic lipids were enhanced, except phosphatidyl choline which was depressed. Tocopherol increased hepatic triglycerides and cholesterol. In vitro fatty acid synthesis from lactate by liver homogenates was enhanced by vitamin E and cholesterogenesis enhanced by both vitamin A and tocopherol. delta 9 Desaturation was also enhanced by vitamin E. It is concluded that both vitamin A and tocopherol affect the hepatic synthesis and catabolism of cholesterol and that vitamin E also influences fatty acid metabolism. PMID- 6615769 TI - Carotene-cleavage activity in chick intestinal mucosa cytosol: association with a high-molecular-weight lipid-protein aggregate fraction and partial characterization of the activity. AB - A fluorescent high-molecular weight lipid-protein aggregate was isolated from the cytosol of chick intestinal mucosa or liver by gel filtration on columns of Sepharose 4B or 6B. This aggregate exhibited carotene-cleavage activity. On incubation of this aggregate, dissociation occurred and low-molecular weight fractions containing Cu and Zn and exhibiting carotene-cleavage activity were found. This fraction appeared on sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide electrophoresis to have a molecular weight of 7000-11000 and resembled the previously described Cu chelatins in amino acid composition. Carotene cleavage may be effected by a copper-zinc metalloprotein of low-molecular weight, associated in intestinal cytosol with a lipid-protein aggregate. PMID- 6615770 TI - Factors affecting the capture of dietary nitrogen by micro-organisms in the forestomachs of the young steer. Experiments with [15N]urea. AB - For a period of at least 2 weeks before an experimental collection each of four young steers received total daily intakes consisting of approximately (g/kg) 600 straw and 400 concentrates with the nitrogen provided mainly as urea and in which the main energy source was starch (tapioca) for diet 1 and glucose for diet 2. Concentrates were given twice daily at about 09.00 and 17.00 hours, straw at 17.00 hours only. The value for the ratio, rumen-degradable N: metabolisable energy (g/MJ) in the daily intake was estimated to be approximately 1.2. On the day that an experimental collection was to be made the urea normally given in the feed at 09.00 hours was labelled with 15N. This urea and sometimes the appropriate energy source were added either as a single dose (SD) at 09.00 hours or in three equally-divided doses (DD) at 09.00, 11.00 and 13.00 hours. Treatments, given in a Latin-square design, were: (A), starch (SD) + urea (SD); (B), starch (SD) + urea (DD); (C), glucose (SD) + urea (DD); (D), glucose (DD) + urea (DD). Doses of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and 144Ce (as cerous chloride) were given as markers with the urea. After these doses were given, samples of abomasal and duodenal digesta were taken periodically for 72 h. It appeared that virtually all the PEG had left the rumen by this time and mean recovery of 144Ce relative to PEG was approximately 90%. From recoveries of non-ammonia-15N (microbial 15N) at the abomasum, estimated relative to PEG, values for mean fractional efficiencies of conversion of urea-N to microbial-N were calculated to be 0.59, 0.59, 0.40 and 0.41 for treatments A, B, C and D respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6615771 TI - Glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9), glutathione-S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.13), superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) and catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) activities in tissues of ducklings deprived of vitamin E and selenium. AB - Vitamin E and selenium deficiencies were produced in the Pekin duckling (Anser cinerens) and were characterized by the development of lesions after 14 d in gizzard, intestine, heart and skeletal muscle. The activities of glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9), using hydrogen peroxide and cumene hydroperoxide as substrates, glutathione-S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.13), superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) and catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) were measured in homogenate supernatant fractions of liver, heart, intestine, gizzard and skeletal muscle of deficient ducklings and of control birds given vitamin E or Se or both. Glutathione peroxidase activities were dramatically lower in tissues of Se-deficient ducklings, and this was unaffected by vitamin E. No adaptive changes were seen in the activity of the other enzymes, even after 21 d when the deficiency was severe. It appeared likely that the variability of the enzyme activities, other than glutathione peroxidase, in the different tissues studied might explain differences among the tissues in susceptibility to peroxidative damage. PMID- 6615772 TI - Factors influencing the digestion of dietary carbohydrates between the mouth and abomasum of steers. AB - Six protozoa-free steers with simple rumen and abomasal cannulas were given basal diets consisting of a concentrate mixture of flaked maize and tapioca with either barley straw (BS) or alkali-treated barley straw (BSA). Other diets used were supplemented with urea (BSU and BSAU respectively) or contained fish meal in place of tapioca BSF and BSAF respectively). The diets were given in a 6 X 6 Latin square design. Diets were isoenergetic and provided sufficient metabolizable energy (ME) to support a growth rate of approximately 0.5 kg/d. Basal diets, urea- and fish-meal-supplemented diets had estimated rumen degradable nitrogen (RDN):ME values (g/MJ) of 0.5, 1.2 and 0.8 respectively. 103Ruthenium and polyethylene glycol were given as flow markers, and flows (g/24 h) at the abomasum of organic matter (OM) and carbohydrate components were calculated. True digestibility coefficients of OM between mouth and abomasum were significantly greater for diets containing alkali-treated straw (approximately 0.63) than for those containing untreated straw (approximately 0.55) but were not significantly affected by N supplementation. Digestibility coefficients of the neutral-sugar components of dietary polysaccharides between mouth and abomasum were 0.28, 0.34, 0.31, 0.23, 0.31 and 0.87 for mannose, galactose arabinose, xylose, cellulose-glucose and starch-glucose respectively for diet BS. Corresponding values were 0.37, 0.42, 0.56, 0.51, 0.40 and 0.88 for diet BSA. All but the mannose and starch-glucose values were significantly greater for the latter diet. N supplementation also led to increases in digestibility of all neutral sugars except mannose and starch-glucose. Fish meal produced a markedly greater effect than urea but only significantly so for cellulose-glucose. Thus, the highest digestibilities were seen for diet BSAF and were 0.68, 0.67, 0.74 and 0.64 for galactose, arabinose, xylose and cellulose-glucose respectively. Of all these sugars xylose consistently showed the greatest response in digestibility to sodium hydroxide treatment or N supplementation. PMID- 6615773 TI - Protein, essential amino acids and glycine requirements of the growing gosling (Anser cireneus). AB - The dietary requirements for protein and amino acids of the growing gosling (0-7 weeks) were calculated according to body composition, maintenance needs and the absorption rate of amino acids from feeds. The diets were formulated by least cost linear programming, using the calculated requirements for amino acids, with or without minimal glycine + serine requirements. The diets formulated without minimal requirements of glycine + serine were supplemented with various amounts of glycine, and fed to growing goslings. The calculated requirements for protein and essential amino acids were lower than those suggested for growing broilers and turkeys. The requirements (g/MJ metabolizable energy) at 0-2, 2-4 and 4-7 weeks of age respectively, were: lysine 0.88, 0.48, 0.43; methionine + cystine 0.48, 0.38, 0.29; protein 14.5, 9.3, 7.6. The goslings did not respond to glycine supplementation of the diet. PMID- 6615774 TI - The nutritive value of rumen micro-organisms in ruminants. 1. Large-scale isolation and chemical composition of rumen micro-organisms. AB - A method is described whereby a large quantity of rumen microbial dry matter of high purity was isolated from whole rumen contents obtained from abattoirs, by means of a continuous process of one filtration through four sieves followed by three differential centrifugations. The contents of ash, carbohydrate, lipid, nitrogen, RNA, DNA and individual amino acids of the three centrifugal fractions are given and compared with values summarized from more than sixty published reports on the chemical composition of rumen micro-organisms isolated from both whole rumen contents and pure cultures. The amino acid composition of isolated rumen micro-organisms, in particular that of the bacteria, was found to be remarkably constant. PMID- 6615775 TI - The nutritive value of rumen micro-organisms in ruminants. 2. The apparent digestibility and net utilization of microbial N for growing lambs. AB - Four experiments were conducted with eighteen lambs sustained entirely by intragastric nutrition at gross energy inputs varying from 430 to 860 kJ/kg live weight0.75 (W0.75). Isolated rumen micro-organisms (RMO) were infused into the abomasum in quantities varying from 0 to 2 g digestible N/kg W0.75 to assess the increase in N balance as a result of increasing RMO input when N was limiting. The over-all utilization of N from RMO (RMO-N) could be described by the equation y = 0.543 X -0.457, residual SD = 0.037, where y is the N balance and X is the abomasal input of RMO-N, both expressed in g/kg W0.75. Thus the coefficient of efficiency of utilization of infused RMO-N was 0.543 (SE 0.008). The coefficient of efficiency of utilization of RMO-N truly digested (i.e. the biological value) was 0.659 (SE 0.015). The RMO-N input (mean with SE) at N equilibrium was 0.843 (0.009) g/kg W0.75. The true digestibility of RMO-N was 0.813 (0.004). The urinary N excretion when no N was infused was 0.329 (0.008) g/kg W0.75 and the N excreted via the faeces with zero N input was 0.036 (0.009) g/kg W0.75. PMID- 6615776 TI - The tryptophan requirement of the kitten. AB - To estimate the tryptophan requirement of the kitten, six male and six female kittens were presented diets containing 0.7, 0.9, 1.1, 1.3, 1.5 and 3.0 g tryptophan/kg diet for six experimental periods lasting 10 d in accordance with a 6 X 6 balanced Latin-square design. Mean daily weight gain and nitrogen retention (N intake minus urinary and faecal N) plateaued at 1.1 g tryptophan/kg diet indicating that the minimal tryptophan requirement of the kitten was 1.1 g/kg diet. Plasma tryptophan concentration exhibited a marked increase at dietary tryptophan concentrations above 1.3 g/kg diet. PMID- 6615777 TI - Mapping the binding of monoclonal antibodies to the acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica. PMID- 6615779 TI - A distinct zinc binding site in the alpha-lactalbumins regulates calcium binding. Is there a physiological role for this control? AB - A distinct zinc binding site has been found in several alpha-lactalbumin species: bovine, human, guinea pig, and rabbit. Binding of Zn(II) or Al(III) to the calcium forms of these proteins causes exclusion of calcium and return of the protein to its "apo conformation" as determined by fluorescence emission spectral parameters. Zn(II) and Al(III) dissociation constants are in the low micromolar range. In addition, determinations of Zn(II) binding were made by electron spin resonance by observing free unliganded Mn(II), which was displaced upon Zn(II) binding. Co(II) and Cu(II) were also shown to bind to the zinc site while also expelling Ca(II). The most appropriate model that describes cation binding to alpha-lactalbumins is of two physically distinct but mutually exclusive sites for calcium and zinc, respectively, where the protein cannot bind cations at both sites simultaneously. Kinetic parameters for lactose biosynthesis show absolutely no difference between the apo or Zn(II) and Ca(II) forms of alpha-lactalbumin. At physiological concentrations of zinc (approximately 50 microM) and calcium (approximately 1 mM), a ca. 40% rate enhancement due to calcium was observed, which was totally accounted for by calcium activation of galactosyl transferase. While either conformer of alpha-lactalbumin [Ca(II) or Zn(II)] is kinetically equivalent, the Ca(II) form probably dominates under physiological conditions. PMID- 6615778 TI - Ions binding to S100 proteins: structural changes induced by calcium and zinc on S100a and S100b proteins. PMID- 6615780 TI - Nuclear Overhauser effect studies of the conformations of tetraamminecobalt(III) adenosine 5'-triphosphate free and bound to bovine heart protein kinase. PMID- 6615781 TI - Rearrangements of chromatin structure in newly repaired regions of deoxyribonucleic acid in human cells treated with sodium butyrate or hydroxyurea. AB - The rate and extent of redistribution of repair-incorporated nucleotides within chromatin during very early times (10-45 min) after ultraviolet irradiation were examined in normal human fibroblasts treated with 20 mM sodium butyrate, or 2-10 mM hydroxyurea, and compared to results for untreated cells. Under these conditions, DNA replicative synthesis is reduced to very low levels in each case. However, DNA repair synthesis is stimulated by sodium butyrate and partially inhibited by hydroxyurea. Furthermore, in the sodium butyrate treated cells, the core histones are maximally hyperacetylated. Using methods previously described by us, it was found that treatment with sodium butyrate had little or no effect on either the rate or the extent of redistribution of repair-incorporated nucleotides during this early time interval. On the other hand, there was a 1.7 2.5-fold decrease in the rate of redistribution of these nucleotides in cells treated with hydroxyurea; the extent of redistribution was unchanged in these cells. Since hydroxyurea has been shown to decrease the rate of completion of "repair patches" in mammalian cells, these results indicate that nucleosome rearrangement in newly repaired regions of DNA does not occur until after the final stages of the excision repair process are completed. Furthermore, hyperacetylation of the core histones in a large fraction of the total chromatin prior to DNA damage and repair synthesis does not appear to alter the rate or extent of nucleosome core formation in newly repaired regions of DNA. PMID- 6615782 TI - Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of single muscle cells isolated from barnacle depressor muscle. PMID- 6615783 TI - In vivo effects of cytosine arabinoside on deoxyribonucleic acid replication in Chinese hamster ovary cells. 1. Resolution of differential effects on mitochondrial and nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. PMID- 6615784 TI - In vivo effects of cytosine arabinoside on deoxyribonucleic acid replication in Chinese hamster ovary cells. 2. Cytosine arabinoside affects the rate of synthesis but not the pattern of labeling of an amplified chromosomal sequence at the onset of the S period. AB - The effect of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) on DNA replication in methotrexate-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cells was examined under circumstances in which nuclear DNA synthesis could be distinguished from mitochondrial DNA synthesis. G1-arrested cells were induced to traverse G1 and enter the S phase in the presence of radiolabeled thymidine and various concentrations of the drug. ara-C did not affect the kinetics of G1 traverse and subsequent entry into S after release from isoleucine deprivation, as measured by autoradiography. However, the inhibitor reduced the net rate of thymidine incorporation into nuclear DNA in a dose-dependent fashion. Autoradiography of nuclear matrix-DNA halo structures suggests that the drug inhibits nuclear thymidine incorporation by slowing chain elongation and movement of newly replicated DNA through a matrix-bound replication apparatus. Southern blot analysis of restriction digests of DNA radiolabeled in early S in the presence of ara-C indicates that the synthesis of the early-replicating amplified dihydrofolate reductase domain in these cells begins at sequences identical with those observed in cells synchronized with aphidicolin or hydroxyurea. Progressively lower concentrations of ara-C permit proportionately greater extents of the amplified unit to be replicated. These results suggest that ara-C slows the rate of chain elongation without altering the site at which DNA replication is initiated within individual replicons. PMID- 6615785 TI - Inter- and intramolecular stacking interaction between indole and adeninium rings. AB - Crystals of 1,9-dimethyladeninium-indole-3-acetate (1:1) complex (I) and 9-(3 indol-3-ylpropyl)-1-methyladeninium iodide (II), an inter- or intramolecular model for the stacking interaction between the tryptophanyl residue and the methylated (or protonated) adenine base, were subjected to X-ray analyses. Nearly parallel stacking and interplanar spacing near to 3.4 A were observed between the indole and adeninium rings of both crystals. In particular, one of the two stacking pairs formed in I showed the existence of a partial charge-transfer interaction in their ground states. On the basis of the molecular orbital consideration, the mutual orientation between these stacked aromatic rings is considerably governed by the orbital interaction between the highest occupied molecular orbital of the indole ring and the lowest unoccupied one of the adeninium ring. The ring stacking observed in II was stabilized by the strong coupled dipole-dipole interaction. Absorption, fluorescence, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra indicated the existence of a stacking interaction in the aqueous solutions of I and II, as well as in their crystalline states. The biological implication for the observed stacking interactions has been discussed. PMID- 6615786 TI - Site-directed mutagenesis as a probe of enzyme structure and catalysis: tyrosyl tRNA synthetase cysteine-35 to glycine-35 mutation. AB - Oligodeoxynucleotide-directed mutagenesis has been used on the gene of tyrosyl tRNA synthetase from Bacillus stearothermophilus to produce mutant enzymes altered at the adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) binding site. Deliberate attempts were made to alter rather than destroy enzymic activity so that kinetic measurements may be made to identify the subtle roles of the enzyme-substrate interactions in catalysis. Cys-35, the -SH group of which is involved in binding the 3'-OH of the ribose ring of ATP, has been mutated to a serine residue [Winter, G., Fersht, A. R., Wilkinson, A. J., Zoller, M., & Smith, M. (1982) Nature (London) 299, 756-758] or glycine residue. The mutant enzymes are less active than the wild type, and the reduction in activity can be attributed to a decrease in the value of kcat and an increase in KM. Thus, the interaction energy of the side chain of Cys-35 with the substrate is not fully realized in the enzyme-substrate complex but is used preferentially to stabilize the transition state. Relative to its absence in the Gly-35 mutant, the side chain of Cys-35 is calculated to stabilize the transition state for pyrophosphate exchange by 1.2 kcal/mol and the transition state for aminoacylation by 1.0 kcal/mol. PMID- 6615787 TI - Effects of metal ion substitution on carboxypeptidase A catalyzed hydrolysis of O trans-cinnamoyl-L-beta-phenyllactate. PMID- 6615788 TI - Molecular and catalytic properties of glutathione transferase mu from human liver: an enzyme efficiently conjugating epoxides. PMID- 6615789 TI - Synthesis and properties of radioiodinated phospholipid analogues that spontaneously undergo vesicle-vesicle and vesicle-cell transfer. AB - An efficient method for the synthesis and purification of a variety of iodinated phospholipid analogues is described. 1-Acyl-2-[[[3-(3-[125I]iodo-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionyl]amino]caproyl]phosphatidylcholine (125I-PC) was prepared by alkylation of 1-acyl-2-(aminocaproyl)phosphatidylcholine with monoiodinated Bolton-Hunter reagent. 125I-Labeled phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine were produced from 125I-PC by phospholipase D catalyzed base exchange in the presence of ethanol-amine or L-serine. All of these lipid analogues transferred readily from donor vesicles into recipient membranes. When an excess of acceptor vesicles was mixed with a population of donor vesicles containing the iodinated analogues, approximately 50% of the 125I-labeled lipids transferred to the acceptor vesicle population. In addition, under appropriate incubation conditions, these lipids were observed to transfer from vesicles to mammalian cells. Autoradiographic analysis of 125I-labeled lipids extracted from the cells after incubation with vesicles at 2 degrees C for 60 min revealed that a large proportion of the 125I-labeled phosphatidic acid was metabolized to 125I labeled diglyceride and 125I-labeled phosphatidylcholine, whereas no metabolism of exogenously supplied 125I-labeled phosphatidylethanolamine or 125I-labeled phosphatidylcholine could be detected. PMID- 6615790 TI - Solution conformation of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides: alpha(1-2)-, alpha(1 3)-, beta(1-2)-, and beta(1-4)-linked units. AB - The solution conformation is presented for representatives of each of the major classes of asparaginyl oligosaccharides. In this report the conformation of alpha(1-3)-, alpha(1-2)-, beta(1-2)-, and beta(1-4)-linked units is described. The conformational properties of these glycopeptides were determined by high resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance in conjunction with potential energy calculations. The NMR parameters that were used in this analysis were chemical shifts and nuclear Overhauser enhancements. Potential energy calculations were used to evaluate the preferred conformers available for the different linkages in glycopeptides and to draw conclusions about the behavior in solution of these molecules. It was found that the linkage conformation of the Man alpha 1-3 residues was not affected by substitution either at the 2-position by alpha Man or beta GlcNAc or at the 4-position by beta GlcNAc or by the presence of a bisecting GlcNAc on the adjacent beta Man residue. PMID- 6615791 TI - Solution conformation of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides: alpha(1-6)-linked moiety. AB - The solution conformation is presented for representatives of each of the major classes of asparaginyl oligosaccharides. In this report the conformation of the alpha(1-6)-linked moiety is described. The conformational properties of these glycopeptides were determined by high-resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance in conjunction with potential energy calculations. The NMR parameters that were used in this analysis were chemical shifts and nuclear Overhauser enhancements. Potential energy calculations were used to evaluate the preferred conformers available for the different linkages in glycopeptides and to draw conclusions and to draw conclusions about the behavior in solution of these molecules. For all classes, identical conformations were found for the 6-arm except for the torsional angle, omega, about the C5-C6 bond of the alpha 1-6 linkage. For high mannose and hybrid structures omega was found to be -60 degrees, for bisected biantennary complex structures omega was 180 degrees, and for complex biantennary structures averaging between -60 degrees and 180 degrees occurs. PMID- 6615792 TI - Quaternary structure and spin-state transition in azide methemoglobin A. AB - The temperature-dependent ultraviolet and visible absorption changes of human azide methemoglobin with and without inositol hexaphosphate (IHP) were examined in a 4'-35 degrees C range. The 537-nm absorption change of IHP-free hemoglobin was about 1.2-fold larger than that of IHP-bound hemoglobin. The data were analyzed by considering the thermal spin equilibrium within the R and T conformers and the quaternary equilibrium between the two conformers. The spin equilibrium analysis suggested that the T conformer has a larger high-spin content than the R conformer. The quaternary equilibrium analysis, on the other hand, showed that the T conformer is more populated at lower temperature. The thermodynamic values for the quaternary equilibrium were determined to be delta H = -13.3 kcal/mol and delta S = -47.6 eu. The large negative delta H and delta S values were compensated for each other to give a small energy difference between the two quaternary states, e.g., delta G4 = 670 cal/mol of tetramer at 20 degrees C. The coincidence of the temperature-dependent IHP-induced changes in the visible and ultraviolet absorptions of heme and aromatic chromophores at the subunit boundaries suggested that the quaternary transition energy is not localized at heme moiety. The reverse temperature dependence of the T conformer fraction as compared with the high-spin fraction of heme iron was interpreted as indicating that the appearance of the T state is not directly coupled with an increase in the strain of Fe-N(F8 His) linkage in azide methemoglobin A. PMID- 6615793 TI - Stoichiometry of manganese and calcium ion binding to concanavalin A. AB - Using measurements of solvent nuclear (proton) magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD), we have previously shown that concanavalin A (Con A) can exist in two conformational forms and that, in the absence of Ca2+, Mn2+ can bind to both the S1 and S2 sites of each monomer of Con A of at least one conformer [Brown, R.D., III, Brewer, C.F., & Koenig, S.H. (1977) Biochemistry 16, 3883-3896]. Recently other investigators have claimed that the stoichiometry of Mn2+ binding to Con A is only 1:1 for this conformational state, both in the absence and presence of saccharide; the same was claimed for Ca2+ under similar conditions. We now present titration and equilibrium dialysis experiments, both in the absence and presence of saccharide, using NMRD and atomic absorption spectroscopy, to investigate the stoichiometry of Mn2+ and Ca2+ binding to Con A. We have extended the NMRD method to include the determination of the total concentration of Mn2+ in samples of Con A. This, coupled with our previous use of NMRD to measure the concentration of free Mn2+ in protein solutions as well as the distribution of bound Mn2+ among different sites, allows us to measure the stoichiometry of binding with precision. We reconfirm that, at equilibrium in the presence of excess Mn2+, the binding stoichiometry of Mn2+ to Con A is 2:1, both in the absence and presence of saccharide. Addition of Ca2+ to a solution of Mn2+-Con A results in stoichiometric displacement of Mn2+ from the S2 site under the conditions investigated. Under nonequilibrium conditions, Mn2+ forms a metastable binary complex with the protein that persists for days at 5 degrees C. We also report, for the first time, values for all of the dissociation constants of binary and ternary complexes of Mn2+ with both conformations of Con A in solution. Atomic absorption measurements also indicate that Ca2+, in the absence of Mn2+, binds to both S1 and S2 sites in the absence and presence of saccharides. PMID- 6615794 TI - Structure of alamethicin in solution: nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation studies. AB - An NMR relaxation study at 500 MHz of the icosapeptide antibiotic alamethicin is reported. This study lends further support to the partly helical, partly extended, amphiphilic, and dimeric structure recently proposed for this peptide in methanolic solutions [Banerjee, U., Tsui, F. P., Balasubramanian, T. N., Marshall, G. R., & Chan, S. I. (1983) J. Mol. Biol. 165, 757]. The N-acetyl methyl groups toward the N terminus of alamethicin in this solvent system were found to exhibit unusual NMR relaxation behavior. The decay of the transverse magnetization due to these protons was nonexponential, but the spin-lattice relaxation recovery of the longitudinal magnetization was exponential. In a solution saturated with urea, however, both decays were exponential. These observations are shown to be consistent with the proposed structure. Studies in water yielded qualitatively similar but more complex results. The transverse relaxation times suggest further aggregation in water and indicate that the larger aggregates in water may be made up of the smaller units observed in methanol. PMID- 6615795 TI - Substrate-induced inactivation of argininosuccinate lyase by monofluorofumarate and difluorofumarate. AB - Monofluorofumarate and difluorofumarate were tested as alternate substrates and inhibitors of the reverse reaction of bovine liver argininosuccinate lyase. Km and Vmax values relative to fumarate at pH 7.5, 25 degrees C, and 10 mM arginine are (monofluorofumarate) 1.4 mM and 5% and (difluorofumarate) 46 microM and 0.5%. As inhibitors, both of these compounds were shown to inactivate the enzyme activity in a pseudo-first-order process that is dependent on the presence of arginine. The rate of inactivation at saturating monofluorofumarate and difluorofumarate is 13 and 1.3 min-1, respectively. After removal of excess inhibitor, the inactivated enzyme can be restored to greater than 75% of its original activity with half-lives of 6 and 24 min for the monofluorofumarate- and difluorofumarate-inhibited enzyme. Evidence is presented to suggest that the time dependent inactivation is caused by covalent addition of an enzyme nucleophile with an electrophilic reaction intermediate. In the inhibition by monofluorofumarate, the postulated intermediate is proposed to occur by the spontaneous loss of HF from 2-fluoroargininosuccinate. PMID- 6615796 TI - Stoichiometry of phenylhydrazine inactivation of pig plasma amine oxidase. AB - Pig plasma amine oxidase is irreversibly inactivated by phenylhydrazine. The stoichiometry of this inactivation was determined by monitoring the loss of catalytic activity, the formation of a new visible spectral band, changes in the circular dichroic spectrum and by equilibrium binding studies. In all cases, only 1 mol of phenylhydrazine reacted with the dimeric pig plasma amine oxidase; further additions of phenylhydrazine had no effect. Pretreatment of the enzyme with phenylhydrazine inhibited the binding of amine substrate. The phenylhydrazine-enzyme complex was found to be stable under various experimental conditions for at least 72 h. Circular dichroic spectra revealed the conformation of the phenylhydrazine-treated enzyme to be altered in the region around prosthetic groups and indicated some changes about the aromatic amino acids. No major conformational changes were detected by this technique. Isoelectric focusing experiments exposed no differences in the band pattern or isoelectric point between the untreated and phenylhydrazine-treated enzymes. PMID- 6615797 TI - Heterogeneity of pig plasma amine oxidase: molecular and catalytic properties of chromatographically isolated forms. AB - Pig plasma amine oxidase was resolved into several fractions by ion-exchange and hydroxyapatite chromatography. These fractions were separately purified, and each fraction was analyzed for catalytic and structural properties. The relative amount of these fractions varied between preparations. Each fraction was composed of a unique set of bands on isoelectric focusing, as revealed by activity and protein staining. All the fractions contained 2 mol of Cu2+ and one "active carbonyl" cofactor per 195 000 g of protein. There was no detectable difference in the amino acid contents of the fractions. The fractions all had similar catalytic properties using benzylamine as the substrate. The chromatographically resolved fractions had differing carbohydrate contents as revealed by gas chromatographic analysis and interaction with lectins. Further, some of the isoelectric focusing bands interacted with lectins of differing affinities. The results suggest that the heterogeneity may be due to variable carbohydrate content. Further, the practice of pooling the various chromatographic fractions may yield misleading results under certain circumstances. PMID- 6615798 TI - Acyl-CoA oxidase from Candida tropicalis. AB - Acyl coenzyme A oxidase (acyl-CoA oxidase) has been isolated in good yield from Candida tropicalis pK 233 grown on n-alkanes. Gel filtration, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and measurement of flavin content suggest that the oxidase is an octamer of Mr 75 000 subunits each containing one flavin. The oxidase yields the red semiquinone form on dithionite or photochemical reduction, slowly forms an N-5 adduct with 0.16 M sulfite at pH 7.4, and is rapidly reduced by borohydride, forming the 3,4-dihydroflavin isomer. The red flavosemiquinone is only kinetically stabilized with respect to disproportionation in the free enzyme but is thermodynamically stabilized on binding enoyl-CoA derivatives. The enzyme is reduced by butyryl-, octanoyl-, and palmitoyl-CoA without formation of prominent long-wavelength bands. Acyl-CoA oxidase and the acyl-CoA dehydrogenases share many similarities in their interaction with CoA derivatives. For example, both enzymes stabilize the anionic radical on binding enoyl-CoA derivatives, both dehydrogenate 2 oxoheptadecyldethio-CoA but cannot utilize S-heptadecyl-CoA, both form long wavelength bands with CoA persulfide species, and both enzymes are attacked by the suicide substrates 3,4-pentadienoyl-CoA and (methylene-cyclopropyl)acetyl-CoA at the flavin prosthetic group. PMID- 6615800 TI - Kinetic parameters of metal-substituted leucine aminopeptidase from bovine lens. AB - Leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) is a protease requiring two divalent metal cations per subunit for activity. Zn2+, Mg2+, and Co2+ metal-substituted forms of LAP have been prepared and investigated kinetically. Substitution of metal into the two binding sites independently resulted in the preparation of Zn2+Zn2+, Mg2+Zn2+, Co2+Co2+, Zn2+Co2+, Mg2+Co2+, and Co2+Zn2+ LAP derivatives that were characterized by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Kinetic analysis of the metal-substituted enzymes indicated that site 1 (fast exchanging) metal substitution results in a Km decrease in the relative order Zn2+ greater than Mg2+ greater than Co2+. Similar comparisons for the site 2 metal (slow exchanging) involved only Zn2+ and Co2+, since only these metals have been shown to compete effectively for this site. Substitution of these two metals into site 2 revealed a Km decrease in the order Zn2+ greater than Co2+. It was suggested previously [e.g., Thompson, G. A., & Carpenter, F. H. (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 1618-1624] that the fast-exchanging site 1 metal predominantly effects kcat while the slow-exchanging metal in site 2 exerts effects exclusively on Km. The present study, the first direct comparison of Km change resulting from metal substitution into both sites, clearly indicates that both metal sites exert significant effects on Km. In addition, the data suggest a more complex interaction between the two bound metals than previously suspected. PMID- 6615799 TI - O6-methylguanine methyltransferase in rat liver. AB - The protein which catalyzes the repair of O6-methylguanine in DNA has been purified 3800-fold from rat liver. This protein acts as a methyltransferase, with the methyl group transferred to a protein-associated cysteine residue. From kinetic and physical studies, we conclude that the methyl group is transferred to the protein responsible for the activity, resulting in inactivation of the enzyme. The enzyme is asymmetric, with a molecular weight of approximately 18 500. Following methylation, there is an apparent aggregation of methylated proteins which is independent of the concentration of NaCl or nonionic detergent. Upon denaturation and analysis by gel electrophoresis, the aggregated methylated protein migrates as a single peak with a molecular weight of 18 900. The activity does not require any cofactors or divalent cations but is inhibited by NaCl. The activity also shows a preference for double-stranded DNA in terms of kinetics and efficiency of repair. PMID- 6615801 TI - Relationship between the mechanisms of the esterase and dehydrogenase activities of the cytoplasmic aldehyde dehydrogenase from sheep liver. An alternative view. PMID- 6615802 TI - Comparison of the subunit structure of acetylcholine receptors from muscle and electric organ of Electrophorus electricus. AB - The acetylcholine receptors of the electric organ and muscle tissues of Electrophorus electricus are composed of alpha, beta, gamma, and delta subunits. Receptor subunits from the two tissues were compared by peptide mapping with monoclonal antibodies, an affinity-labeling reagent, and a lectin to characterize particular peptide fragments. These experiments indicate that the corresponding receptor subunits from the two tissues are extensively homologous or identical throughout their amino acid sequences. Small differences in the electrophoresis of peptide fragments of alpha subunits between the two tissues occurred on fragments which bound labeled lectin. These results suggest that the acetylcholine receptors in electric organ and muscle tissues of Electrophorus differ in structure only by minor posttranslational modifications perhaps involving carbohydrate. PMID- 6615803 TI - Ligand-induced effects at regions of acetylcholine receptor accessible to membrane lipids. AB - The effectiveness of fluorescence quenching of pyrene-1-sulfonyl azide, a hydrophobic probe used to photo-label acetylcholine receptor (AcChR)-rich electroplax membranes [Sator, V., Gonzalez-Ros, J. M., Calvo-Fernandez, P., & Martinez-Carrion, M. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 1200], is used to study the accessibility of the covalently attached fluorophore to extramembranous quenchers as a function of occupancy of cholinergic receptor binding sites. In these membranes, binding of water-soluble cholinergic ligands to specific sites at the extracellular side affects the fluorophore located in a distant topographical area of the AcChR molecule. When a neurotransmitter analogue (carbamylcholine) is present, the susceptibility of the covalently attached fluorophore to quenching with externally added nitromethane decreases in comparison with that of the same membranes in the absence of carbamylcholine. This neurotransmitter agonist effect is, however, reversible as removal of carbamylcholine by dialysis restores the quenching effectiveness to that of resting nonliganded membranes. The presence of bound alpha-bungarotoxin produces an opposite effect to that of carbamylcholine and induces an increase in susceptibility to quenching agent. These results are interpreted in terms of long-range effects induced by occupancy of cholinergic sites which are detected by covalently bound fluorophore located at regions of the AcChR protein accessible through the lipid matrix of the Torpedo membrane. Such effects are presumably due to molecular rearrangements within the membrane bound AcChR structure. PMID- 6615804 TI - Structure and kinetics of the photoproduct of carboxymyoglobin at low temperatures: an X-ray absorption study. AB - Photolysis and recombination of carboxymyoglobin at low temperatures have been studied by a variety of methods. This paper combines optical and structural studies of carboxymyoglobin photolysis and recombination in the temperature range 4-120 K. The absorbance changes indicate ablation of the characteristic optical transitions of carboxymyoglobin and formation of a photoproduct (Mb*CO) differing from deoxymyoglobin. When the X-ray absorption changes in the 7150-7200-eV region of the X-ray absorption spectrum are used as an indicator of structural change, the photoproduct at 4 K as measured with respect to the unphotolyzed sample is 60% of that observed for the chemically produced deoxy form. Saturation of the change is obtained with repetitive flashes totaling several thousand joules of energy from a xenon flash lamp by using a thin sample (1 mm) at 4 mM concentration as measured by both optical transmission and X-ray absorption criteria. The kinetics of the reaction show the change to occur at 10 K within the resolving time currently available (2 s) in the X-ray absorption measurements. The amplitude of the light-induced change decreases to half its maximal value at 40 K and to zero at 90 K. Steady illumination suggests at least two recombination processes. Analysis of the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data on Mb*CO indicates small distance changes in the first shell of Fe-N and Fe-C that can be attributed to lengthening of the pyrrole nitrogen bonds and proximal histidine motion, together with a small displacement of the CO molecule on photolysis--a form here designated Mb*CO. This structure of the germinate state, Mb*CO, may elucidate the nature of elementary steps in chemical reactions and in tunneling processes. PMID- 6615805 TI - Phosphorus-31 and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of anaerobic glucose metabolism and lactate transport in Staphylococcus aureus cells. PMID- 6615806 TI - Enthalpy-entropy compensation and heat capacity changes for protein-ligand interactions: general thermodynamic models and data for the binding of nucleotides to ribonuclease A. AB - General thermodynamic models are presented that can account for the existence of heat capacity changes and compensation between the enthalpy and entropy changes in protein-ligand interactions. The models involve the coupling between some type of transition in the state of the protein (or ligand) and the binding process. The coupled transition may be a proton dissociation, the binding of a second ligand, a change in the degree of aggregation, or a conformational change in either the protein or ligand. Both mandatory coupling and nonmandatory coupling between the binding process and the transition are considered. The model is also extended to include a multistate transition of the protein. Computer simulations show that apparently linear compensation plots (plots of delta H degrees vs. delta S degrees) with a slope approximately equal to the experimental temperature are to be expected for the binding of a ligand to a protein when such coupled reactions exist. Also heat capacity changes, which may be either positive or negative, are to be expected to accompany the reaction. Experimental thermodynamic data for the binding of cytidine 3'-phosphate to ribonuclease A are presented. These data demonstrate apparent enthalpy-entropy compensation when pH and ionic strength are varied. A negative heat capacity change, ranging from -145 (at mu = 1.0 M) to -225 cal/(mol X deg) (at mu = 0.05 M), is also observed for this protein-ligand interaction. The apparent compensation and heat capacity change data are interpreted according to the models presented. PMID- 6615807 TI - Isolation and spectral studies on the calcium binding properties of bovine brain S-100a protein. PMID- 6615808 TI - Purification and some physicochemical properties of toxic-shock toxin. AB - A procedure for the purification of a protein marker for the staphylococci isolated from toxic-shock syndrome patients has been developed. The purification procedure involves the removal of the toxic protein from culture supernatant fluids of toxic-shock syndrome associated Staphylococcus aureus strains FRI-1169 and FRI-1183 by batch absorption with CG-50 resin, ion-exchange chromatography on CM-Sepharose CL-6B, and gel permeation chromatography on Sephacryl S-200. The purified toxin is a simple protein with a molecular weight of 24 000 +/- 500 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The isoelectric point of the major band is 7.0 as determined by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels. The TS-toxin's reactivity with its specific antibody is not affected by tryptic digestion at pH 8.0 but is slowly reduced by treatment with pepsin at pH 4.5. The TS-toxin consists of 188 amino acid residues. Serine was shown to be the NH2-terminal amino acid residue by end-group analysis. Initial studies indicated the protein was emetic; thus tentatively it was called staphylococcal enterotoxin F. In this paper it is called TS-toxin because the emetic action in monkeys has not been confirmed. PMID- 6615809 TI - Thermodynamic binding constants of the zinc-human serum transferrin complex. AB - Serum transferrin is a mammalian iron-transport protein. It has two specific metal-binding sites that bind a variety of metal ions in addition to ferric ion. Equilibrium constants for the binding of zinc(II) have been determined by difference UV titrations using nitrilotriacetic acid and triethylenetetramine as competing ligands. The values are log K1* = 7.8 and log K2* = 6.4 in 0.10 M N-(2 hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid and 15 mM bicarbonate, pH 7.4 at 25 degrees C. Titrations of the two forms of monoferric transferrin show that K1* corresponds to zinc binding to the C-terminal site and K2* corresponds to binding at the N-terminal site. These results indicate that at serum bicarbonate concentrations, transferrin should have a higher affinity for zinc(II) than serum albumin and therefore could play some role in zinc transport. A linear free energy relationship has been constructed which relates the formation constants of a series of zinc(II) and iron(II) complexes. On the basis of the zinc-transferrin binding constants, this relationship has been used to estimate an iron(II) transferrin binding constant of 10(7.4). Using this ferrous constant and literature values for the ferric transferrin binding constant, one calculates a ferric transferrin reduction potential of -140 mV, which is easily within the range of physiological reductants. Such a result tends to support mechanisms for iron removal from transferrin in which the ferric ion is reduced to the less tightly bound ferrous ion. PMID- 6615810 TI - Adriamycin and daunorubicin bind in a cooperative manner to deoxyribonucleic acid. AB - Phase partition techniques have been used to measure the binding of the antitumor drugs adriamycin (NSC-123127) and daunorubicin (NSC-82151) to various DNAs. These methods provide reliable equilibrium binding data at the low levels of drug binding that may be expected in vivo. Both adriamycin and daunorubicin exhibit positive cooperativity (and/or allosterism) in their equilibrium binding to DNA as indicated by the positive slope in the initial region of the binding isotherms (Scatchard plots) under conditions simulating physiological ionic strengths. The cooperative binding (i.e., the appearance of initial positive curvature in the binding isotherms) is dependent upon the ionic strength, which suggests a role for DNA flexibility in the cooperative binding process. An analysis of the slope of the initial portion of the binding isotherms for the interaction of adriamycin with synthetic deoxypolynucleotides shows that the degree of cooperative binding decreases in the order poly(dGdT) X poly(dAdC) greater than or equal to poly(dAdT) X poly(dAdT) greater than poly(dGdC) X poly(dGdC). Marky and Breslauer [Marky, L.A., & Breslauer, K. J. (1982) Biopolymers 21, 2185-2194] found that the average base stacking enthalpies of these synthetic poly-nucleotides were in the same order, which also suggests that the properties of the DNA influence the cooperative binding (and/or allosteric effects). Adriamycin binds with a higher degree of cooperativity than daunorubicin (0.1 M NaCl); although this correlates with the effectiveness of the drugs as antitumor agents, the exact relationship between the observation of cooperative binding and pharmacological activity is yet to be determined. PMID- 6615811 TI - Structure of brain adenylate cyclase: proteolysis-dependent modifications. AB - The associations of the components of eucaryotic adenylate cyclase are still poorly characterized. Enzyme activity is, however, thought to depend upon subunit conformations and states of association. Estimates of adenylate cyclase sizes corresponding to given levels of activity may thus give clues as to how the enzyme functions. Studying the rat brain enzyme, we found that samples protected from proteolysis throughout the fractionation procedure yielded, upon Lubrol solubilization, a soluble protein complex of 9.1S sedimentation coefficient and 11.5-nm Stokes radius. These values are much larger than those previously reported. The soluble enzyme specific activity, but not its size, was dependent upon the various effectors preincubated with the membranes. Proteolysis is known to first activate and then decrease adenylate cyclase activity. Proteolysis of the brain samples, whether due to trypsin or to endogeneous proteases, decreased the adenylate cyclase s value, Stokes radius, and specific activity altogether. The magnitude of the shifts depended upon the nature of the enzyme effector preincubated with the membranes. We recently showed that some brain membrane proteins can be ADP-ribosylated by cholera toxin, concomitantly with adenylate cyclase activation [Berthillier, G., d'-Alayer, J., & Monneron, A. (1982) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 109, 297-304]. Trypsin treatment of such samples led to a quick degradation of the labeled polypeptides and especially of the Mr 47000 protein. This Lubrol soluble protein is likely to be the brain G/F stimulatory subunit. PMID- 6615813 TI - Interaction of thrombin and antithrombin. Reaction observed by intrinsic fluorescence measurements. PMID- 6615812 TI - Castanospermine inhibits the processing of the oligosaccharide portion of the influenza viral hemagglutinin. AB - Castanospermine (1,6,7,8-tetrahydroxyoctahydroindolizine) is a plant alkaloid that inhibits alpha- and beta-glucosidase in fibroblast extracts [Saul, R., Chambers, J. P., Molyneux, R. J., & Elbein, A. D. (1983) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 221, 593-597]. In the present study, castanospermine also proved to be a potent inhibitor of glycoprotein processing by virtue of the fact that it inhibits glucosidase I. Thus, when influenza virus was raised in the presence of castanospermine, at 10 micrograms/mL or higher, 80-90% of the viral glycopeptides were susceptible to the action of endoglucosaminidase H, whereas in the normal virus 70% of the glycopeptides are resistant to this enzyme. The major oligosaccharide released by endoglucosaminidase H from castanospermine-grown virus migrated like a hexose10GlcNac on a calibrated Bio-Gel P-4 column. This oligosaccharide was characterized as a Glc 3 Man 7 GlcNAc on the basis of various enzymatic treatments, as well as by methylation analysis of the [2-3H]-mannose labeled or [6-3H]galactose-labeled oligosaccharide. The presence of three glucose residues in the oligosaccharide was also confirmed by periodate oxidation studies of the [6-3H]galactose-labeled hexose10GlcNAc. Castanospermine did not inhibit the incorporation of [3H]leucine or [14C]alanine into protein in MDCK cells at levels as high as 50 micrograms/mL. In addition, influenza virus produced in the presence of this alkaloid were fully infective and apparently produced in similar amounts to that of control cells, as determined by plaque counts. Castanospermine did, however, cause considerable changes in cell surface properties, since MDCK cells grown in 10 micrograms/mL castanospermine were able to bind twice as much [3H]concanavalin A as were control cells. PMID- 6615814 TI - Surface charges and calcium ion binding of disk membrane vesicles. PMID- 6615815 TI - Characterization of the stilbenedisulfonate binding site of the band 3 polypeptide of human erythrocyte membranes. PMID- 6615816 TI - Kinetics of bovine milk lipoprotein lipase and the mechanism of enzyme activation by apolipoprotein C-II. AB - The kinetics of bovine milk lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were studied in order to determine the reaction mechanism of this enzyme. Reaction velocities were determined at varying concentrations of emulsified trioleoylglycerol (TG) and different fixed concentrations of apolipoprotein C-II (C-II) or at varying C-II concentrations and different fixed concentrations of TG. Neither the apparent Km(TG) nor the apparent Km(C-II) was affected by varying the concentrations of C II or TG, respectively. However, C-II increased the apparent Vmax for the enzyme about 20-fold. The following kinetic parameters were calculated from Lineweaver Burk plots: Km(C-II) = 2.5 X 10(-8) M and Km (TG) = 2.5 X 10(-3) M. The dissociation constant (KS) of the enzyme-TG binary complex was determined from Scatchard plots to be 7.6 X 10(-8) M. Heparin was found to be a competitive dead end inhibitor against both TG and C-II. Tricapryloylglycerol represented a competitive inhibitor against TG but a noncompetitive inhibitor against C-II. C II was shown to interact with dansylated bovine milk LPL, increasing its fluorescent emission by inducing a conformational change in the enzyme. Based on these studies, it was concluded that the LPL-catalyzed reaction follows a random, bireactant, rapid-equilibrium mechanism and the role of C-II in the activation process involves an increase in the catalytic rate constant (Kp) resulting from conformational changes of LPL induced by C-II. PMID- 6615817 TI - Kinetics of activation of human prothrombin. Use of a fluorescein-labeled derivative to obtain kinetic constants as a function of factor V concentration and activation state. PMID- 6615818 TI - One-electron reduction of flavoproteins: pulse radiolysis of chicken egg white riboflavin binding protein. AB - Reduction of the chicken egg white riboflavin binding protein by the hydrated electron results in competitive formation of both a disulfide-electron adduct and an anionic flavin semiquinone bound to the protein. The former decays to products that cannot be observed under the conditions of our experiments. The latter is rapidly protonated to the stable neutral semiquinone. The pH dependence of the rate constant associated with this protonation suggests that an acid/base group on the protein donates a proton to the anionic semiquinone. PMID- 6615819 TI - High-pressure nuclear magnetic resonance studies of hemoproteins. Pressure induced structural changes in the heme environments of ferric low-spin metmyoglobin complexes. AB - In order to gain an insight into nonbonded interactions in the heme microenvironments of hemoproteins, proton NMR spectra of the cyanide and methylamine complexes of metmyoglobin and its derivatives reconstituted with deutero- and meso-hemins in H2O were studied under high pressures. The exchangeable NH proton of distal histidyl imidazole exhibits substantial pressure induced shift while the proximal histidyl NH proton shows no pressure effect for the cyanide complexes. The heme peripheral proton signals, especially 5- and 8 methyl and vinyl C alpha H resonances, were also affected by pressure. These observations are interpreted as arising from pressure-induced structural changes in the heme crevice in which the pressure effects are localized to the distal side rather than the proximal side and from possible changes in the van der Waals contacts at the heme periphery with nearby amino acid residues. PMID- 6615820 TI - Biochemical and immunological characterization of three binding sites on human plasma fibronectin with different affinities for heparin. PMID- 6615821 TI - Effect of magnetic susceptibility on nuclear magnetic resonance signals arising from red cells: a warning. PMID- 6615822 TI - Characterization of the histidine proton nuclear magnetic resonances of a semisynthetic ribonuclease. AB - The proton magnetic resonance spectrum at 300 MHz of the histidine residues in a semisynthetic derivative of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase A) has been determined. The derivative RNase 1-118 . 111-124 was prepared by enzymically removing six residues from the COOH terminus of the protein (positions 119-124) and then complementing the inactive RNase 1-118 with a chemically synthesized peptide containing the COOH-terminal 14 residues of ribonuclease (RNase 111-124) [Lin, M.C., Gutte, B., Moore, S., & Merrifield, R.B. (1970) J. Biol. Chem. 245, 5169-5170]. Comparison of the line positions of the C(2)-1H resonances of these residues and of their pH dependence with those reported by other workers has allowed assignment of the resonances to individual residues, as well as the determination of individual pK values for histidine-12, histidine-105, and histidine-119. The assignment of histidine-119 was confirmed by the use of a selectively deuterated derivative. The titration behavior of all four histidine residues is indistinguishable from that observed by others for bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A. Partial dissociation of the noncovalent semisynthetic complex was evident at 30 degrees C, pH 4.0, 0.3 M NaCl; pertinent spectra were analyzed to provide an estimate of the association constant between the component chains under these conditions of 1.9 X 10(3) M-1. PMID- 6615823 TI - Calcium-dependent inhibitory region of troponin: a proton nuclear magnetic resonance study on the interaction between troponin C and the synthetic peptide N alpha-acetyl[FPhe106]TnI-(104-115) amide. AB - To investigate the calcium-dependent regulation of muscle contraction, a synthetic analogue of the inhibitory region of troponin I, N alpha acetyl[FPhe106]TnI-(104-115) amide, has been made by solid-phase peptide synthesis. This region represents the minimum sequence necessary for inhibition of actomyosin ATPase activity in the presence of tropomyosin [Talbot, J.A., & Hodges, R.S. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 2798-2802]. Conformational changes induced by the formation of the synthetic peptide-troponin C complex are followed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Aliphatic (Leu and Val), aromatic (p-fluorophenylalanine), and charged (Arg) residues are perturbed by interaction with troponin C. In troponin C, peptide-protein interaction results in the redistribution of the Phe envelope of troponin C and perturbations in the aliphatic region. The observed effects on the protein resonances are in agreement with proposed interaction of the peptide with the N-terminal region of site III of troponin C. In the absence of calcium, this region of troponin I (104-115) is bound to actin-tropomyosin, inhibiting actomyosin ATPase activity [Talbot, J.A., & Hodges, R.S. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 2798-2802]. Our results suggest that the binding site for this region of troponin I is induced in troponin C in the presence of calcium and the formation of this complex releases actomyosin ATPase inhibition. PMID- 6615824 TI - Transient currents carried by the uncoupler, carbonyl cyanide m chlorophenylhydrazone. AB - The weak acid uncoupler, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, carries protons across lipid membranes. As predicted by the carrier model, at low pH, the current changes immediately following a jump in applied potential and then remains constant. By contrast at high pH, the currents relax from an initial value to a lower value as the carrier anions redistribute in the membrane. These relaxations are slower than those seen with other lipid-soluble anions which presumably explains why they had not been detected previously. PMID- 6615825 TI - The anion permeability of vesicles reconstituted with intrinsic proteins from the human erythrocyte membrane. AB - Band 3 protein was reconstituted with lipid vesicles consisting of 94:6 (molar ratio) egg phosphatidylcholine-bovine heart phosphatidylserine in a 2500:1 phospholipid:protein molar ratio by means of a Triton X-100/beads method. The SO2 4 permeability of the resulting vesicles was measured using an influx assay procedure in which the vesicles were sampled and subsequently eluted over Sephadex columns at appropriate time intervals. The accuracy of the assay was greatly increased by using an internal standard in order to correct for vesicle recovery. In agreement with previous work, it could be demonstrated that incorporation of band 3 in the vesicles caused an increase in SO2-4 permeability, which could be (partially) inhibited by high concentrations of DIDS or a competitive anion such as thiocyanate. However, the magnitude of the increased SO2-4 permeability was highly variable, even when vesicles were reconstituted using band 3 isolated from one batch of ghosts. In addition, the SO2-4 influx curves showed complex kinetics. These results are related to the existence of vesicle heterogeneity with respect to protein content and vesicle size as revealed by stractan density gradient centrifugation and freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Band 3 incorporation also increased the L-glucose permeability of the vesicles which could also be inhibited by DIDS. Glycophorin, which has no known transport function, reconstituted with lipid vesicles consisting of 94:6 (molar ratio) egg phosphatidylcholine-bovine heart phosphatidylserine in a 400:1 phospholipid:protein molar ration increased the bilayer permeability towards SO2 4 as well as towards L-glucose. Surprisingly, the SO2-4 permeability in the vesicles could also be inhibited by DIDS and thiocyanate. It is concluded that the use of DIDS and a competitive anion, thiocyanate, in order to prove that band 3 is functionally reconstituted, is highly questionable. The increased SO2-4 and L-glucose permeability of band 3-lipid as well as glycophorin-lipid vesicles and the inhibitory action of DIDS are discussed in the light of the presence of defects at the lipid/protein interface and protein aggregation, which may induce the formation of pores. Since the band 3-lipid vesicles are more permeable for SO2-4 than for L-glucose, in contrast to the glycophorin-containing vesicles, it is suggested that some anion specificity of the increased bilayer permeability in the band 3-lipid vesicles is still preserved. PMID- 6615826 TI - The effect of dietary lipids on the thermotropic behaviour of rat liver and heart mitochondrial membrane lipids. AB - Diets supplemented with relatively high levels of either saturated fatty acids derived from sheep kidney fat (sheep kidney fat diet) or unsaturated fatty acids derived from sunflower seed oil (sunflower seed oil diet) were fed to rats for a period of 16 weeks and changes in the thermotropic behaviour of liver and heart mitochondrial lipids were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The diets induced similar changes in the fatty acid composition in both liver and heart mitochondrial lipids, the major change being the omega 6 to omega 3 unsaturated fatty acid ratio, which was elevated in mitochondria from animals on the sunflower seed oil diet and lowered with the mitochondria from the sheep kidney fat dietary animals. When examined by DSC, aqueous buffer dispersions of liver and heart mitochondrial lipids exhibited two independent, reversible phase transitions and in some instances a third highly unstable transition. The dietary lipid treatments had their major effect of the temperature at which the lower phase transition occurred, there being an inverse relationship between the transition temperature and the omega 6 to omega 3 unsaturated fatty acid ratio. No significant effect was observed for the temperature of the higher phase transition. These results indicate that certain domains of mitochondrial lipids, probably containing some relatively higher melting-point lipids, independently undergo formation of the solidus or gel phase and this phenomenon is not greatly influenced by the lipid composition of the mitochondrial membranes. Conversely, other domains, representing the bulk of the membrane lipids and which probably contain the relatively lower melting point lipids, undergo solidus phase formation at temperatures which reflect changes in the membrane lipid composition which are in turn, a reflection of the nature of the dietary lipid intake. These lipid phase transitions do not appear to correlate directly with those events considered responsible for the altered Arrhenius kinetics of various mitochondrial membrane-associated enzymes. PMID- 6615827 TI - Modulation of passive permeability by external ATP and cytoskeleton-attacking agents in cultured mammalian cells. AB - External ATP causes a passive permeability change in several transformed cells, but not in untransformed cells. We previously demonstrated that in CHO-K1 cells, a transformed clone of Chinese hamster ovary cells, the external ATP-dependent permeability change was induced when the intracellular ATP concentration was reduced by a mitochondrial inhibitor (Kitagawa, T. and Akamatsu, Y. (1981) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 649, 76-82). A permeability change with similar characteristics was also observed when the CHO cells were treated with external ATP and a cytoskeleton-attacking agent such as vinblastine or cytochalasin B. Just like mitochondrial inhibitors, vinblastine could increase the sensitivity of transformed 3T3 cells to external ATP but showed no effect on passive permeability of normal 3T3 cells. However, in contrast with the effect of the mitochondrial inhibitors, the cytoskeleton drugs caused the permeability change with little reduction of intracellular ATP concentration, suggesting different actions of these two kinds of drug on the permeability change. The present results suggest an important role of cytoskeletal structures in controlling the external ATP-dependent permeability change in transformed cells. Possible effects of intracellular ATP on cytoskeletal structures are also discussed. PMID- 6615828 TI - Effects of negatively charged lipids on phagocytosis of liposomes opsonized by complement. AB - Ingestion of liposomes opsonized by specific antibody plus complement was investigated in vitro. Although the antibodies alone (IgM) did not have an opsonizing effect, in the presence of such antibodies uptake and ingestion of liposomes by mouse peritoneal macrophages was enhanced 5- to 10-fold by addition of complement. Phagocytosis of complement-opsonized liposomes was strongly dependent on the charge of the liposomal lipids. The presence of a negatively charged (i.e., acidic) lipid profoundly suppressed the uptake of the liposomes. Each of three acidic liposomal lipids, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol and dicetyl phosphate, suppressed liposome uptake. We conclude that opsonization of liposomes with complement greatly stimulates ingestion of liposomes by murine macrophages. However, most of the opsonic enhancement conferred by complement can be prevented by the presence of negatively charged membrane lipids. PMID- 6615829 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of the basal cell membrane of human placental trophoblast. AB - The function of the syncytiotrophoblast in maternal-fetal exchange is related to the properties of its microvillous (maternal-facing) and basal (fetal-facing) plasma membranes. We have previously reported the properties of the microvillous membrane (Smith, C.H., Nelson, D.M., King, B.F., Donohue, T.M., Ruzycki, S.M. and Kelley, L.K. (1977) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 128, 190-196), and now describe the purification and partial characterization of the basal plasma membrane. Sonication and incubation with EDTA were used to isolate selectively the basal cell membrane. These steps were followed by a more conventional purification by centrifugation. The trophoblast was disrupted and its microvillous membrane and cytoplasmic contents were removed by sonication. The exposed basal cell membrane was selectively released from the underlying basal lamina by sonication in the presence of EDTA and further purified by discontinuous Ficoll gradient centrifugation. The material at the 4-10% Ficoll interface consisted of smooth membrane vesicles with internal microfilaments. It was 45-fold enriched in dihydroalprenolol binding activity and 11-fold enriched in ouabain binding activity. Other enzymatic analyses, including alkaline phosphatase, cytochrome-c oxidase, cytochrome-c reductase and galactosyl transferase indicated low contamination by other organelles. This procedure yields a preparation of relatively high purity which should be suitable for investigation of transport and other functions of the basal surface membrane of trophoblast. In principle, the purification procedures used may be applicable to other transporting epithelia. PMID- 6615830 TI - Amiloride fluxes across erythrocyte membranes. AB - Amiloride is known to inhibit both the influx of Na+ and the activation of mitogenesis in many cultured cell lines. This paper describes experiments in which the permeability coefficient of amiloride was determined from measurements of tracer fluxes across human erythrocytes and resealed ghosts. From an analysis of these fluxes, a permeability coefficient of 10(-7) cm/s for the uncharged form of amiloride was deduced. Based upon this measured permeability value, we present calculations of intracellular accumulation times of amiloride in cells of differing surface-to-volume ratio. PMID- 6615831 TI - Two-dimensional electrophoresis of membrane proteins. Factors affecting resolution of rat-liver microsomal proteins. AB - A comparison has been made of published techniques for the resolution of rat liver microsomal proteins by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The method of Kaderbhai and Freedman (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 601 (1980) 21-20) gives good resolution of acidic proteins but excludes hydrophobic integral membrane proteins of pI greater than 7, including cytochrome P-450 apoproteins. The method of Vlasuk and Walz (Anal. Biochem. 105 (1980) 112-120) gives good resolution of proteins of pI 5-8, including cytochromes P-450, but fails to resolve a major acidic protein of pI less than 5. Isoelectric focusing of microsomal proteins is improved by the use of high concentrations of urea and low concentrations of sample proteins. Zwitterionic detergents of the general formula R . N+(CH3)2 . CH2CH2CH2SO3- are effective in solubilizing microsomal proteins, either alone or in presence of non-ionic detergent; compounds with a long alkyl chain (C14 or C16) are most effective. Isoelectric focusing of microsomal proteins solubilized by zwitterionic detergents did not give good resolution, probably because of incomplete dissociation and denaturation of the proteins. These detergents could not be used in the presence of high concentrations of urea. Although no single method of two-dimensional electrophoresis gives complete resolution of the whole range of microsomal proteins, conditions can be optimized for specific sets of proteins of interest. The technique can be used to monitor differences in microsomal composition between rat strains, or following induction, and for a variety of other studies. PMID- 6615832 TI - Changes in pattern and accessibility for 125I-labelling of cell-surface proteins after mesenchymal differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cells. AB - Cell-surface proteins of the embryonal carcinoma line C17-S1 1003 (1003) and of some of its mesenchymal derivatives were studied. The surface proteins were labelled with 125I using the lactoperoxidase-glucose-glucose oxidase system either on the cells attached to the culture dishes or after their dissociation. Iodinated proteins were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The patterns obtained with embryonal carcinoma cells 1003 and with two mesenchymal cell types derived from them, namely embryonic mesenchymal cells (line 10035) and fibroblastic cells (line 10031), were different one from the other, especially when considering the group of proteins labelled on the attached cells. The pattern of cell-surface proteins of the myoblastic line 1168, also derived from C17-S1, was found to be similar to that of 10031 fibroblastic cells. This result is discussed in the light of the phenotypic transition toward myogenesis, which can be obtained with 10031 fibroblastic cells but not with 10035 embryonic mesenchymal cells. A direct method of detection of lectin-binding proteins permitted us to identify the major concanavalin A-binding proteins. Two of them are common to all cell lines studied. They were labeled with 125I on the attached undifferentiated 1003 cells, while in all differentiated derivatives they became available for labelling after the cell detachment only. PMID- 6615833 TI - A study on the topological distribution of phospholipids in microsomal membranes of chick brain using phospholipase C and trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. AB - The transbilayer distribution of phospholipids in chicken brain microsomal membranes has been investigated using trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid and phospholipase C from Clostridium welchii. The exposure of intact microsomes to trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid showed that the labelling of aminophospholipids followed biphasic kinetics, indicating that these membranes contain a fast- and a slow-reacting pool of aminophospholipids. Use of microsomes radioiodinated on their surface led to the conclusion that the fast-reacting pool may be located on the outer leaflet of the microsomal vesicles. It contains about 35% of the phosphatidylethanolamine, 29% of the ethanolamine plasmalogens and 18% of the phosphatidylserine. The treatment of intact microsomes with the phospholipase C Cl. welchii produced the hydrolysis of 50% of the phospholipids without any loss of their permeability properties, indicating that they are not permeable to the hydrolase. Phospholipids extracted from the microsomes were hydrolyzed rapidly by the phospholipase C with the exception of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol. In intact microsomes about 90% of phosphatidylcholine, 32% of ethanolamine phospholipids and 60% of sphingomyelin were accessible to the phospholipase. These results suggest that the phospholipids have an asymmetric distribution in chicken brain microsomes, the external leaflet containing about 75% of the choline phospholipids and 25% of the aminophospholipids, whereas an opposite distribution is observed in the inner leaflet. PMID- 6615834 TI - Liposomal heme as oxygen carrier under semi-physiological conditions. Orientation study of heme embedded in a phospholipid bilayer by an electrooptical method. AB - The meso-tetra(alpha,alpha,alpha,alpha(o-pivalamidophenyl]porphinato iron-mono(1 lauryl-2-methylimidazole) complex embedded in the bilayer of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (liposomal heme) binds molecular oxygen reversibly at pH 7 and 37 degrees C. Orientation of the iron porphyrin complex in the phospholipid bilayer was studied by electric birefringence and dichroism. It was observed that both the phospholipid bibilayer of liposome and the porphyrin plane are oriented nearly in parallel to the electric field. Therefore the angle between the porphyrin plane and the bilayer is considered to be practically small. PMID- 6615835 TI - Effect of ouabain upon diuretic-sensitive K+ transport in cultured cells. Evidence for separate modes of operation of the transporter. AB - (1) Unidirectional K+ (86Rb) influx and efflux were measured in subconfluent layers of MDCK renal epithelial cells and HeLa carcinoma cells. (2) In both MDCK and HeLa cells, the furosemide-inhibitable and chloride-dependent component of K+ influx/efflux was stimulated 2-fold by a 30 min incubation in 1 . 10(-3) M ouabain. (3) Measurements of net K+ loss and Na+ gain in ouabain-treated cells at 1 h failed to show any diuretic sensitive component, confirming the exchange character of the diuretic-sensitive fluxes. (4) Prolonged incubations for 2.5 h in ouabain revealed a furosemide- and anion-dependent K+ (Cl-) outward net flux uncoupled from net Na+ movement. Net K+ (Cl-) outward flux was half-maximally inhibited by 2 microM furosemide. (5) After 2.5 h ouabain treatment, the anion and cation dependence of the diuretic-sensitive K+ influx/efflux were essentially unchanged when compared to untreated controls. PMID- 6615836 TI - Na+-Ca2+ exchange activity in rabbit lymphocyte plasma membranes. AB - Plasma membranes of rabbit thymus lymphocytes accumulated Ca2+ when a Na+ gradient (intravesicular greater than extravesicular) was formed across the membranes. Dissipation of the Na+ gradient by the addition of Na+ to the external medium decreased Ca2+ uptake. Ca2+ preloaded into the lymphocytes was extruded when Na+ was added to the external medium. The Ca2+ uptake decreased at acidic pH but increased at alkaline pH (above 8) and the activity was saturable for Ca2+ (apparent Km for Ca2+ was 61 microM and apparent Vmax was 11.5 nmol/mg protein per min). Na+-dependent uptake of Ca2+ was inhibited by tetracaine and verapamil, and partially inhibited by La3+. The uptake was not influenced by orthovanadate. PMID- 6615837 TI - The effect of neuraminidase on the relative surface charge-associated properties of rat red blood cells of different ages. AB - Approx. 70% of the sialic acid on the rat erythrocyte surface is susceptible to cleavage by neuraminidase (Vibrio cholerae). Neuraminidase treatment results in a reduction in the partition coefficient (K) of the red cells in a charged dextran poly(ethylene glycol) aqueous phase system and in the electrophoretic mobility of the cells. Countercurrent distribution of rat neuraminidase-treated erythrocytes, containing 59Fe-labeled mature red cells of distinct age, indicates that (a) the electrophoretic mobilities of red cells in different cavities along the extraction train increase with increasing K, as is the case with untreated erythrocytes, and (b) the cell age-related differences in surface charge associated properties are neither eliminated nor altered by the enzyme action. PMID- 6615838 TI - The effect of choline deficiency on the outer membranes of rat liver mitochondria. AB - The outer membranes of mitochondria prepared from the liver of rats kept 12 days on a choline-deficient diet were analyzed for changes in phospholipid and protein content. The total amount of phospholipid in the outer membranes was not affected by the deficiency. There was, however, a significant decrease in the amount of phosphatidylcholine and an increase in phosphatidylethanolamine. The alterations in the membrane phospholipids were reflected in a reduction in the fluorescence of the membrane probe, 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonate. Choline deficiency also affected the protein composition of the outer membranes as judged by electrophoretic analysis; however, the activity of several enzymes which serve as markers for the outer membrane was not affected by the deficiency. PMID- 6615840 TI - Preliminary characterisation of inhibitors of DNA polymerase isolated from Xenopus laevis early embryos. AB - Inhibitors of DNA polymerase have been detected in Xenopus laevis ovary and egg extracts. The characteristics of the inhibitors differ between the two extracts. In ovary preparations, the inhibitor is retained by dialysis tubing and is heat sensitive, whereas in egg extracts it is diffusable and heat stable. In both extracts, the activity co-elutes with DNA polymerase after ion exchange chromatography. Chromatography of ovary extracts renders the inhibitor diffusable and heat stable. Preliminary characterisation of inhibitory activity from eggs shows that the substance is sensitive to pronase digestion and has an approx. 300 500 molecular weight. Kinetic studies demonstrate that the inhibitor is uncompetitive with the DNA template and show mixed inhibitory kinetics with respect to the deoxynucleotides. PMID- 6615839 TI - The spatial arrangement of the complex between eukaryotic initiation factor eIF-3 and 40 S ribosomal subunit. Cross-linking between factor and ribosomal proteins. AB - The binding site for eIF-3 on the small ribosomal subunit was studied (a) by use of a complex of eIF-3 and derived 40 S ribosomal subunit from rat liver, and (b) by use of native small ribosomal subunits from rabbit reticulocytes. After treatment of both complexes with dimethyl 4,7-dioxo-5,6-dihydroxy-3,8 diazadecanbisimidate ribosomal proteins S3a, S4, S6, S7, S8, S9, S10, S23/24 and S27 became covalently linked to eIF-3 and were isolated together with the factor by gradient centrifugation. The ribosomal proteins were identified by two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after periodate cleavage of the link(s). PMID- 6615841 TI - In vitro methylation of histones in sea urchin nuclei during early embryogenesis. AB - Nuclei isolated from sea urchin embryos incubated in vitro in the presence of S adenosyl-[methyl-3H]methionine, methylate their own basic proteins. The protein methylase activity varies during the embryonic development with two peaks of activity at mesenchymal blastula and at young gastrula. Histones H3 and H4 are the main substrates of the reaction. The extent of methylation of the two histones depends on the S-adenosylmethionine concentration. At low S adenosylmethionine concentrations, the in vitro methyl-accepting ability of H3 is 10-times that of H4, while at high concentrations it is 3-times that of H4. This finding is clearly evident in the equilibrium saturation experiments with blastula and gastrula nuclei, which both show two distinct Km values for S adenosylmethionine. The major and perhaps only product of methylation is epsilon N-methyl-lysine. Enzyme activity is clearly correlated with specific embryonic stages, while no correlation is apparent between enzyme activity and the amount of DNA in the embryos. PMID- 6615842 TI - Effects of glucagon on biosynthesis of the mitochondrial enzyme, carbamoyl phosphate synthase I, in primary hepatocytes and Morris hepatoma 5123D. AB - When freshly-dispersed rat hepatocytes are maintained in primary monolayer cultures, they quickly lose their capacity to synthesize the urea cycle enzyme, carbamoyl-phosphate synthase. The ability to synthesize many other proteins, e.g., serum proteins including albumin, is retained. After an initial recovery period following cell isolation (24-48 h), glucagon is able to restore the ability of cultured hepatocytes to make carbamoyl-phosphate synthase. mRNA encoding the enzyme is about 4-times higher in hepatocytes maintained for 48 h in the presence of glucagon compared to hepatocytes without the hormone, as judged by in vitro translational assays. The level of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase activity expressed in transformed hepatocytes is unique to each hepatoma. Here we show that Morris hepatoma 5123D has retained such expression, and actively synthesizes the enzyme when 5123D cells are placed in monolayer cultures. Unlike normal hepatocytes, however, synthesis continues uninterrupted at a high level whether or not glucagon is present. 5123D has higher levels of translatable carbamoyl-phosphate synthase mRNA than normal liver. PMID- 6615843 TI - Purification and characterization of a fibrinogenase from the venom of Western Diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox). AB - A fibrinogenolytic enzyme was isolated from the venom of Western Diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) by a three-step procedure involving gel filtration and anion-exchange chromatography. The molecular weight was estimated as 22 900 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The isoelectric point was found to be pH 4.65. The enzyme rapidly destroyed the ability of bovine fibrinogen to form a clot on incubation with thrombin. Incubation of fibrinogen with the fibrinogenolytic enzyme for 5 min resulted in the disappearance of the beta-chain of fibrinogen and the appearance of lower molecular weight fragments. Thus the enzyme can be classified as a beta-fibrinogenase. However, on prolonged incubation of the fibrinogen there was also a partial digestion of the alpha chain. The fibrinogenase showed no activity towards fibrin or casein or arginine esters. The fibrinogenolytic activity was inhibited by phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride (PMSF) but was unaffected by EDTA. PMID- 6615844 TI - Nitration of the tyrosine residues of porcine pancreatic colipase with tetranitromethane, and properties of the nitrated derivatives. AB - The nitration of the long form (N-terminal valine) of porcine pancreatic colipase with tetranitromethane was investigated under a variety of conditions. Fractionation of the nitrated monomers on DE-cellulose led to well-defined derivatives containing one, two and three nitrotyrosines per mol. Automated Edman degradation of the nitrated peptides, especially that of the staphylococcal proteinase peptide (49-64) showed that Tyr-54 was nitrated very fast under all conditions. This residue was the only one to be nitrated in water. Partial nitration of Tyr-59 was induced by bile salt micelles, while both Tyr-59 and Tyr 58 reacted extensively in the presence of lysophosphatidylcholine micelles (in which tetranitromethane is concentrated 150-fold compared to water) or of a liquid tetranitromethane-water interface. The strong negative Cotton effect at 410 nm which has already been observed using unfractionated preparations of nitrated colipase (Behnke W.D. (1982) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 708, 118-123) is linked with the nitration of Tyr-59 and it is markedly reduced by taurodeoxycholate micelles, suggesting a conformational change induced by the micelles in the tyrosine region. Moreover, the pKa of the nitrotyrosine residues in nitrated colipase is the same as that of free nitrotyrosine (pKa = 6.8) and it is shifted to 7.6 in the presence of taurodeoxycholate micelles. Micelles protected colipase against polymerization during nitration. These data suggest that Tyr-58 and Tyr-59 are part of the interface recognition site of colipase. The participation of Tyr-55 in binding is not excluded. The upwards nitrotyrosine pKa shift in the colipase micelle complex may explain why nitrated colipase can reactivate lipase in a triacylglycerol-taurodeoxycholate system at pH 7.5. PMID- 6615845 TI - The identification by sequence homology of stage-specific sea urchin embryo histones H1. AB - The histone H1 fraction from gastrula of the sea urchin Parechinus angulosus consists of a multitude of polypeptides with different electrophoretic mobilities. The synthesis of these proteins is programmed. Amino acid composition, electrophoretic properties and sequence homologies identify these as isohistones H1. One of these isohistones atypically binds the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100. PMID- 6615846 TI - Molecular heterogeneity of creatine kinase isoenzymes. AB - Cytoplasmic creatine kinase (ATP:creatine N-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.3.2) is a dimeric enzyme exhibiting three isoenzymes (MM, MB and BB). The two subunits have been reported to have identical molecular weights (Mr) of 41 000. We have demonstrated that the M subunits from human, canine, rabbit, mouse and bovine tissue have similar apparent Mr values of 43 000 as determined by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In contrast, the Mr of the B subunits was different from that of the M subunit and varied with each species (human Mr 44 500; canine Mr 46 000; rabbit Mr 44 000 and mouse Mr 49 000). Cyanogen bromide cleavage showed all M subunits to have identical fragments, while B subunits exhibited cleavage products with patterns unique for each species. Despite the differences in Mr and cyanogen bromide fragment patterns, all B subunits were capable of producing enzymatically active hybrid (MB) molecules in combination with M subunits from any species tested. Mitochondrial creatine kinase subunits exhibited identical molecular weights and were similar to the M subunits and failed to combine with either the cytosolic M or B subunits. Thus, B subunits appear less conserved during evolution compared to M subunits, but have retained the amino acid sequences essential for subunit interaction and enzymatic activity. PMID- 6615847 TI - The cohydrolases in human spleen that stimulate glucosyl ceramide beta glucosidase. AB - A family of beta-glucosidase-stimulating proteins (called cohydrolase SPH-I here) was isolated from bovine, Gaucher human and control human spleens. All preparations exhibited a similar pattern of four major electrophoretic bands in polyacrylamide when stained with the cationic dye, Stains-All. The bovine bands migrated more rapidly, while the two types of human cohydrolase migrated very similarly. The two human preparations differed in several respects: the concentration was much higher in Gaucher spleen; the Gaucher factors eluted a little earlier from gel permeation and decyl agarose columns; much more of the cohydrolase was bound by a concanavalin A column; the control bands stained less intensely in gels than the Gaucher bands. Antibodies raised in rabbits to bovine cohydrolase reacted with all three preparations. All four bands from Gaucher cohydrolase showed similar ability to stimulate glucosidase and to bind the antibodies. It is evident that the cohydrolases from control and Gaucher spleens are similar in many respects, yet differ in some secondary fashion, possibly in carbohydrate content. It is suggested that Gaucher cohydrolase is formed from normal cohydrolase by the nonenzymatic action of cellular glucose over a period of many years, due to slowed catabolism of the cofactor. PMID- 6615848 TI - Identification of a contaminant protein in the purification of human factor V. Comparison of two purification methods. AB - Coagulation factor V has been isolated from human plasma by the methods of Bolhuis and of Kane to investigate reported differences in purity and specific activity. The specific activities of the preparations are 10 and 40 units/mg, respectively. The Kane preparation shows a single band (Mr 330 000) in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence and absence of dithiothreitol, but the Bolhuis preparation shows an additional band at Mr 190 000 upon reduction with dithiothreitol. This suggests the presence of a contaminant which could account for the lower specific activity. Modification of the Bolhuis technique to include ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose resulted in separation of the two isolated proteins. The proteins were identified as factor V, with characteristics indistinguishable from Kane factor V, and a dimeric subunit of alpha 2-macroglobulin (Mr 350 000). Contamination by alpha 2-macroglobulin may explain the I2-component described in some preparations of bovine factor V, which is the basis of speculation that bovine factor V has a second polypeptide chain modulating stability and activity. PMID- 6615850 TI - Structural homology of lens crystallins. II. Homology expressed by correlation coefficients and hydropathy profiles. AB - Bovine lens alpha A- and alpha B-crystallin polypeptides show extensive sequence homology with each other, but apparently none with beta Bp- and gamma 2 crystallin. Despite only 30% sequence homology, the latter two proteins are assumed to have a strong correspondence in tertiary structure, consisting of four structurally similar folding units of antiparallel beta-sheet. We have tested for internal structural repeats in all crystallins, and structural homology between crystallins, by comparing various physical properties of the amino acid residues, such as bulkiness and propensity to form beta-sheet and beta-turn structure. Two procedures used a combination of five physical parameters to calculate correlation coefficients. The 4-fold structural repeat in gamma 2-crystallin and the internal duplication in beta Bp-crystallin were readily detectable, as was also the strong structural homology between corresponding folding units in beta Bp- and gamma 2-crystallin. However, for alpha-crystallin polypeptides, no conclusive support was obtained for either a four-unit or a six-unit folding, the two models previously considered by us. The third procedure compared smoothened hydropathy plots, representing hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions along the polypeptide sequences. Hydropathy profiles were found to show strong correspondence, particularly between alpha B-crystallin and beta Bp-crystallin. These observations support a similar 4-fold folding pattern for all bovine crystallins. A possible role in subunit interactions of the N-terminal folding unit, which has hydrophobic surface characteristics in both alpha- and beta crystallin polypeptides, is proposed. PMID- 6615849 TI - Effect of enzyme-matrix composition on potentiometric response to glucose using glucose oxidase immobilized on platinum. AB - Glucose oxidase (beta-D-glucose:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.3.4) was immobilized in a crosslinked matrix of bovine serum albumin, catalase, glucose oxidase and glutaraldehyde on platinum foil. When placed in glucose solution, this enzyme-electrode elicited a potentiometric response that varied with the changes in glucose concentration. The immobilized glucose oxidase was present at 7.4-10.1 micrograms enzyme protein/ml of matrix, as determined with 125I-labelled enzyme. The coupled enzyme activity was stable over 120 h; however, the apparent activity of the immobilized glucose oxidase was markedly less than that for the same amount of enzyme free in solution. This indicated a significant level of diffusional resistance within the enzyme-matrix. The potentiometric response to glucose increased significantly as either the thickness of the enzyme-matrix or the glutaraldehyde content was reduced; this also was attributed to diffusional effects. Several enzyme-electrodes, constructed without exogenous catalase and with different amounts of glucose oxidase, showed greater sensitivity in potentiometric response at low glucose oxidase loadings. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the potentiometric response arises from an interfacial reaction involving a hydrogen peroxide redox couple at a platinum surface. The data also suggest that an optimum range of hydrogen peroxide concentration exists for maximum electrode sensitivity. PMID- 6615851 TI - Structural homology of lens crystallins. III. Secondary structure estimation from circular dichroism and prediction from amino acid sequences. AB - Circular dichroism spectra (196-240 nm) of calf alpha-, beta H-, beta L- and gamma-crystallins were measured and analyzed over the entire wavelength range with five curve-fitting procedures for estimating protein secondary structure. For gamma-crystallin the estimates are in good agreement with the X-ray structure. For all four crystallins the estimates are very similar: 0-9% alpha helix and 51-68% beta-sheet. This is in accordance with the three-dimensional homology of beta Bp- and gamma 2-crystallin polypeptide chains as postulated from their 30% sequence homology, and suggests that alpha A- and alpha B-crystallin chains may also have a corresponding structure. Secondary structure elements in the four amino acid sequences were predicted using two different comprehensive prediction methods. For gamma 2-crystallin the predictions of beta-sheet are in good agreement with the X-ray structure and with circular dichroism estimates. For beta Bp-crystallin only the C-terminal domain secondary structure predictions are considered satisfactory, which possibly relates to the proposed role of the N terminal domain in subunit interactions. The combined predictions for alpha A- and alpha B-chains (3% helix, 49% sheet) are in excellent agreement with circular dichroism. Moreover, the good alignment of predicted beta-sheet segments in alpha crystallin chains with known beta-sheet strands in gamma 2- (and presumably beta Bp-) crystallin strongly supports a similar 4-motif folding pattern in all four calf crystallin chains. PMID- 6615852 TI - Extraction, purification and characterization of the sperm protamines of the dog fish Scylliorhinus caniculus. AB - Dog-fish sperm nuclei contain four low molecular weight basic proteins called scylliorhinines. Protein Z3 is a typical arginine-rich protamine, whilst the three other components, Z1, Z2 and S4, are characterized by high arginine and cysteine contents. In contrast to protamine Z3, which can be directly solubilized by 0.25 M HCl, the three other protamines must be reduced and alkylated before acid extraction. They were further purified by ion-exchange chromatography on carboxymethyl-cellulose. The amino acid compositions and the N-terminal sequences reveal significant differences between scylliorhinines, particularly in their molecular size and amino acid diversity. Moreover, they show no common feature with other sperm-specific protamines previously described. PMID- 6615853 TI - Free fatty acids in an animal model of Reye's syndrome. AB - Recent studies have indicated that viral infections, aspirin treatment and hyperammonemia are associated with Reye's syndrome. It has also been reported that free fatty acids in serum and total lipids in the liver of Reye's syndrome patients are elevated during illness. The role of the lipid changes in the development of the disorder cannot be optimally studied in human patients, because infection and aspirin ingestion occur prior to the earliest symptoms of Reye's syndrome. Effects of influenza B infection, aspirin treatment and hyperammonemia on the level of free fatty acids, total lipids and triacylglycerols in serum and liver of an animal model of Reye's syndrome are reported here. Hyperammonemia was produced in young, male ferrets either by feeding them small amounts of an arginine-deficient diet after overnight fasting or by an intraperitoneal injection of jackbean urease. The ferret model resembled Reye's syndrome in developing increased levels of individual and total serum free fatty acids, liver triacylglycerol and total lipids. The results also indicate that influenza infection or aspirin treatment, or both, while increasing the severity of encephalopathy in the deficient ferrets, did not cause a significant change in the level of serum free fatty acids. Other results suggest that elevation of serum ammonia, serum free fatty acid or liver lipids, either singly or in various combinations, does not provide conditions that can explain the rapidly developing encephalopathy in the arginine-deficient ferrets. PMID- 6615854 TI - Reversal of progesterone-induced biliary cholesterol output by dietary cholesterol and ethynylestradiol. AB - The significant increment of biliary cholesterol output induced by the subcutaneous injection of 40 mg/kg body wt. of progesterone to male rats was reversed either by feeding a 1% cholesterol diet or by injecting three daily doses of 2 mg/kg ethynylestradiol. These last two experimental manipulations significantly decreased biliary cholesterol saturation from 44 +/- 4% (progesterone) to 30 +/- 3% (progesterone +1% cholesterol diet) and 23 +/- 0.5% (progesterone + ethynylestradiol) under circumstances of minor changes in the rates of biliary bile salt and phospholipids outputs. The rate of the microsomal acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase and the concentration of microsomal cholesterol esters significantly increased more than 100% in both cholesterol-fed and estradiol-injected rats. The rate of biliary cholesterol output was reciprocally correlated with both microsomal cholesterol ester concentration of livers (r = -0.47, P less than 0.01) and the activity of the hepatic acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (r = -0.58, P less than 0.005) in a series of rats injected with progesterone, with progesterone +1% cholesterol diet and with progesterone + estradiol. No correlation was found between the rate of biliary cholesterol output and the concentration of microsomal free cholesterol. These experiments demonstrate the existence of a close and reciprocal relationship between the rate of biliary cholesterol output and the rate at which the liver esterifies cholesterol. PMID- 6615855 TI - Characteristics of multiple forms of the acidic triacylglycerol lipase(s) of canine cardiac myocytes. AB - Acidic lipase activity was extracted by digitonin treatment from particulate fractions prepared from isolated adult canine myocytes. Both methylumbelliferyloleate (MUO) and trioleoylglycerol were hydrolyzed with an apparent Km of 13 and 135 microM, respectively. The primary products of trioleoylglycerol lipolysis were oleic acid and 1,2-dioleoylglycerol. Hydrolysis of either MUO or triacylglycerol was stimulated in vitro by the addition of cardiolipin or Triton X-100. Triton X-100 alone was sufficient for maximal stimulation of MUO hydrolysis, but cardiolipin further stimulated triacylglycerol lipolysis in the presence of an optimal concentration of Triton X-100. Cardiolipin increased the Vmax without altering the Km for trioleoylglycerol. Upon gel filtration chromatography the 4-methylumbelliferyloleate and triacylglycerol lipase activities eluted in regions consistent with molecular weights of approx. 47 000 and 55 000, respectively. Chromatofocusing revealed predominantly one form of acidic 4-methylumbelliferyloleate hydrolase (pI approx. 6.3), whereas acidic triacylglycerol lipase activity eluted continuously in the pH gradient from 7.2 to 4.3 with no clearly predominant peak of activity. Two forms of both 4-methylumbelliferyloleate and triacylglycerol lipase were eluted from columns of carboxymethyl Bio-Gel at pH 5.7; one form of each lipase activity was not bound and another form of each lipase was eluted with 50-60 mM KCl. The non-bound forms of each lipase were indistinguishable from their respective carboxymethyl-bound forms on the basis of pH dependency or kinetically (similar Km). The non-bound and carboxymethyl-bound peaks of lipolytic activity differed in the ratios of 4-methylumbelliferyloleate hydrolase to triacylglycerol lipase activity. The results suggest that the cardiac myocyte contains multiple forms of acidic lipase, and that the catalytic units primarily responsible for the hydrolysis of methylumbelliferyl esters and triacylglycerols may not be identical. PMID- 6615856 TI - Apolipoprotein and size heterogeneity in human umbilical cord blood low density lipoproteins. AB - Neonatal umbilical cord blood plasma low density lipoproteins (LDL, d = 1.019 1.063 g/ml) were subfractionated by density gradient ultracentrifugation into seven fractions (from 1.024 to 1.062 g/ml); the bulk of the LDL mass was in a density region of 1.034-1.042 g/ml. Apolipoprotein B by 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis varied inversely with density, with only trace amounts present in the most dense fraction. The distribution of apolipoprotein B molecular weight forms was assessed by both 3% SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and relative aminoacyl mass determination. Lower molecular weight forms of apolipoprotein B (B74 and B26) increased relative to apolipoprotein B100 with increasing density, ranging from undetectable in fraction 1 to apolipoproteins B26 and B74 comprising 30% of the total mass of apolipoprotein B in fraction 6. No apolipoprotein B48 was detectable in the LDL. Apolipoprotein E as determined by both SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and radioimmunoassay increased with density with a maximum (14% of the protein) in the most dense fraction, fraction 7. Apolipoprotein A-I by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis increased with increasing density and was the major apolipoprotein in fraction 7. Electron microscopic analysis revealed spherical particles whose diameters decreased with increasing density, ranging from 28.6 nm in the top fraction (fraction 1) to 15.6 nm in the bottom fraction (fraction 7). Gradient gel electrophoresis revealed that most of the fractions contained several different sized particles. The bottom fraction (fraction 7), enriched in apolipoproteins E and A-I, had a unique, poorly defined peak at 14.6 nm on gradient gel electrophoresis and showed a tendency to pack hexagonally upon electron microscopy. The unusual composition and apolipoprotein distribution in neonatal LDL fractions suggests that the LDL in the neonate are metabolically very diverse. PMID- 6615857 TI - Salt-resistant (hepatic) lipase. Evidence for its presence in bovine liver and adrenal cortex. AB - Alkaline lipolytic activities in bovine liver and adrenal cortex have been investigated; each tissue has a salt-resistant, hepatic-type lipase activity of which we describe a partial purification. Properties of the partially purified enzymes have been compared directly with those of authentic hepatic lipase prepared from rat liver. Furthermore, a similar activity has been detected in bovine post-heparin plasma. These findings contrast with a previous report that bovine post-heparin plasma and liver extracts lack hepatic salt-resistant lipase. PMID- 6615858 TI - A hemolytic lipoprotein containing lysophosphatidylcholine produced in incubated mouse plasma. AB - A factor capable of lysing erythrocytes arose in the plasma of various strains of mice when the plasma was incubated at 37 degrees C. The hemolytic activity and the amount of lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) in the plasma reached a maximum at 3 h of incubation. Both the hemolytic activity and the increment portion of lysoPC were recovered from the prealbumin fraction on agarose gel electrophoresis. Serum albumin, an inhibitor of the hemolytic action of lysoPC, inhibited the hemolytic action of the this factor. These and other results indicate that the hemolytic factor is a lipoprotein that contains lysoPC as an active site. The molecular weight of active fraction was distributed from 100 000 to 200 000. The finally purified fraction contained 65% protein composed of a polypeptide with a molecular weight of 25 000. The lipid composition of this fraction was 12.4% lysoPC, 63.9% phosphatidylcholine (PC), 5.4% sphingomyelin, 2.1% triacylglycerols and 16.2% cholesterol. This hemolytic lipoprotein was also found in the prealbumin fraction when electrophoresis of plasma of the lysoPC administered mice was carried out. However, such lipoprotein was not formed by simple addition of lysoPC to the nonincubated plasma. PMID- 6615859 TI - Fatty acid synthesis and ketone body utilization by brown adipose tissue of the rat. Response to cold or nutritional state? AB - The effects of cold adaptation (exposure to 2-4 degrees C for 2-3 weeks) on the incorporation of 3H from 3H2O and of D-3-hydroxy [3- 14C]butyrate into fatty acid in vivo in interscapular brown adipose tissue of the rat were examined. Fatty acid synthesis, measured with 3H2O, was increased in brown adipose tissue of cold adapted rats pair-fed ad libitum but not in cold-adapted rats pair-fed to the same food intake as rats maintained at 18-20 degrees C. Incorporation of D-3 hydroxybutyrate into fatty acid was increased in brown adipose tissue of cold adapted rats, both when rats were fed ad libitum and when they were deprived of food for 48 h. Ketone bodies may be an important substrate for brown adipose tissue in the cold-adapted rat. PMID- 6615860 TI - Phospholipids and cholesterol in brush border and basolateral membranes from rat intestinal mucosa. AB - Total phospholipids and free cholesterol reach higher levels in basolateral membranes than in brush border membranes, these membranes being purified from rat intestinal mucosa. Cholesterol/phospholipid and cholesterol/phospholipid choline molar ratios are lower in basolateral membranes. Lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin and phosphatidylinositol are approximately twice as high in brush border membranes (respectively, 8.7, 24.1 and 22.3% total lipid phosphorus) when compared to basolateral membranes (respectively, 3.6, 12.5 and 11.5% total lipid phosphorus). Conversely, basolateral membranes are richer than brush border membranes in phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine and diphosphatidylglycerol (basolateral membranes: 36.9, 8.1, 24.8, 1.7% total lipid phosphorus; brush border membranes: 26.7, 4.4, 11.9, 0.5% total lipid phosphorus. PMID- 6615861 TI - Plasma triacylglycerol secretion in sheep. Paradoxical effects of fasting and alloxan diabetes. AB - Plasma triacylglycerol and phospholipid concentrations were increased in fasting and diabetic sheep compared with fed animals. Secretion was measured in these animals using Triton WR1339 to block lipoprotein lipase. Triacylglycerol secretion was lowest in fed animals and, unlike non-ruminant species, increased by fasting and diabetes. These changes were in proportion to plasma free fatty acid concentration. However, no effect of Triton was found on plasma phospholipids under any of the conditions studied. It is suggested that the low rate of triacylglycerol secretion in normal animals is due to the limiting membrane found in the liver sinusoid of the sheep and that the greater rate in fasting and diabetes reflects the increased mass of intrahepatic triacylglycerol. PMID- 6615862 TI - Origin of biliary phosphatidylcholines studied by coenzyme labelling with [1,1 2H2]ethanol. AB - The labelling of individual molecular species of phosphatidylcholines in bile and liver was measured in bile fistula rats given [1,1-2H2]ethanol immediately after the cannulation of the bile duct. Corresponding species in liver and bile were labelled to the same extent, the deuterium excess in the glycerol moiety (at C-2) of biliary molecules with rapid turnover possibly being slightly higher in the bile than in liver. The labelling of different positions and the half-life times of different molecular species were about the same as previously found 48 h after the cannulation. The only exception was the 1-stearoyl-2-linoleoyl species, which had a half-life time 5-7 times longer immediately after operation than after 48 h of biliary drainage. The results support our previous conclusion that the molecular species of phosphatidylcholines in liver and bile represent the same, or very similar, pool(s) of molecules. PMID- 6615863 TI - Prevention of the hyperlipidemic serum or LDL-induced cellular cholesterol ester accumulation by 22-hydroxycholesterol and its analogue. AB - Incubation of monkey arterial smooth muscle cells with hyperlipidemic serum or low-density lipoproteins (LDL) produces intracellular cholesterol ester accumulation. Increased esterification of free cholesterol within the cell may account for this effect. To examine such a possibility, oxygenated sterols were used to block cholesterol esterification. The increased esterification of free cholesterol by smooth muscle cells and human skin fibroblasts, through their exposure to hyperlipidemic lipoproteins, was inhibited by 22-hydroxycholesterol and its analogue, SC-32561 (22-hydroxy-25-fluorocholesterol). The hyperlipidemic LDL-stimulated elevation in the cholesterol ester content of the smooth muscle cells was also prevented by these sterols. This reduction in cellular cholesterol ester did not coincide with an increase in free cholesterol. 22 Hydroxycholesterol also blocked the stimulation of the esterification of cholesterol due to 25-hydroxycholesterol. In the absence of lipoproteins, 22 hydroxycholesterol and SC-32561 had a minor effect on the incorporation of [14C]oleate into cholesterol esters, and efficiently reduced sterol synthesis in fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. 22-Hydroxycholesterol and SC-32561 had the additional effect of lowering the number of cell-surface LDL receptors to a greater extent than did hyperlipidemic LDL. The presence of 22-hydroxycholesterol did not alter the interaction of normal LDL with the receptor. Oxygenated sterols recovered in the cell represented 4-21% of the total sterol content. The level of intracellular oxygenated sterols was significantly reduced by the presence of lipoproteins in the culture media. Due to the multiple effects of the oxysterols, they were not effective as tools in determining the contribution of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase enzyme activity to the intracellular pool of cholesterol esters. These results indicated that 22-hydroxycholesterol and SC 32561 effectively blocked the hyperlipidemic LDL-stimulated increase in smooth muscle cell cholesterol ester content by lowering cholesterol esterification, reducing cholesterol synthesis and down-regulating LDL cell-surface receptors. PMID- 6615864 TI - Synthesis and subcellular transport of sulfogalactosyl glycerolipids in the myelinating mouse brain. AB - In the 17-day-old myelinating mouse brain the site of sulfogalactosyl glycerolipid synthesis and the kinetics of its subcellular distribution were studied by a 2 h pulse-labeling with [35S]sulfate followed by a 4 h chase of [35S]sulfogalactosyl glycerolipid. At several time intervals after the intraperitoneal [35S]sulfate injection, subcellular fractions of brain were obtained by differential and discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugation. The crude microsomal membrane fraction (17 500 X g supernatant) was further subfractionated into light myelin, plasma membranes, Golgi vesicles, endoplasmic reticulum membranes and heavy vesicles associated with acid hydrolase activities. The results of the [35S]sulfogalactosyl glycerolipid labeling kinetics indicate that these lipids are synthesized in the Golgi-endoplasmic reticulum complex and transferred in vesicles associated with lysosomes to the myelin membranes. During this transfer part of the sulfogalactosyl glycerolipids appears to be degraded, similarly as described for brain sulfatides. This double function of lysosomes may be part of a general regulation mechanism of brain myelin glycolipid content. PMID- 6615865 TI - Thyroid-epididymal relationship. I. Influence of hypothyroidism on epididymal lipids. AB - The influence of thyroidectomy on the lipid composition of caput and cauda epididymides have been studied. The analysis was conducted in epididymal tissues free from fluids and sperm. A general tendency towards accumulation of epididymal lipids was observed in hypothyroid rats. Hypothyroidism also brought about a differential regional response, which may be age-related. The existence of a relationship between triacylglycerols, phospholipids and diacylglycerols has been suggested. Since immediate thyroxine replacement to thyroidectomised rats maintained epididymal lipids at control levels, it is concluded that hypothyroidism has a definite influence on the epididymal lipid composition. PMID- 6615866 TI - Phospholipid metabolism in the rat renal inner medulla. AB - In view of the importance of phospholipids as a source of precursor fatty acids for the high prostaglandin synthesis in the renal inner medulla, we studied pathways of phospholipid esterification and degradation in the rat inner medulla. De novo acylation of [14C]arachidonate occurred predominantly in position 2 of phosphatidylcholine in the microsomal fraction. This newly esterified [14C]arachidonate was accessible to deacylation by a microsomal phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) with alkaline optimum which was Ca2+-dependent and resistant to 0.1% deoxycholate. No phospholipase A1 (EC 3.1.1.32) activity against endogenous labeled phosphatidylcholine could be demonstrated in the microsomal fraction. When exogenous phosphatidylcholine labeled at position 2 was deacylated by renomedullary homogenates, labeled free fatty acid but no labeled lysophosphatidylcholine was recovered in the reaction products. This could be attributed to further degradation of generated lysophosphatidylcholine by a cytosolic lysophospholipase (EC 3.1.1.5). Sodium deoxycholate at a concentration of 0.1% or higher inhibited the lysophospholipase and allowed the demonstration of both A2 and A1 alkaline phospholipase activities in the homogenate. The major in vitro pathway of lysophosphatidylcholine disposition is further degradation by a cytosolic lysophospholipase, while reutilization for phosphatidylcholine synthesis through the action of a predominantly microsomal acyltransferase appears to be a minor pathway. In the presence of several acyl-CoAs, reutilization of lysophosphatidylcholine is significantly increased by an acyl CoA:lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.23) but there is no preferential transfer of arachidonyl-CoA compared to other acyl-CoAs. PMID- 6615867 TI - [14C]acetate metabolism in the peripheral nervous system. AB - Lipid biosynthesis was studied by incorporation of [14C]acetate into different compartments of rat sciatic nerve during development, degeneration and regeneration. Acetate incorporation was over three times higher in the sciatic endoneurium (desheathed nerve) than in epi- and perineurium. The endoneurium contained much higher contents of radioactively labeled membrane lipids (cholesterol and phospholipids) than did the epi- and perineurium (mainly triacylglycerol), indicating a benefit of utilization of endoneurium in the study of the metabolic derangements of peripheral nerve lipids. When 3H2O was used as a precursor, no incorporation was found. Endoneurial lipid biosynthesis from [14C]acetate decreased rapidly as myelination proceeded. After 4 months, the decrease continued but at a much slower rate. The total acetate incorporation found in endoneurial lipids of 6-month-old rats was predominantly in the free fatty acid fraction (40%), but was only 5% of that found in 10-day-old rats, demonstrating the importance of age-matched controls for metabolic studies of diseased nerve. During Wallerian degeneration, a decreased acetate incorporation into endoneurial lipids was observed as early as 2 days after crush injury. The profile of labeled lipids in developing and degenerating nerve revealed that the rate of lipogenesis did not change to the same extent for each lipid subclass. Cholesterol biosynthesis appeared to be the most sensitive. During regeneration, an increase in the uptake of [14C]acetate and an altered profile of labeled lipids demonstrated that the metabolic state of adult peripheral nerve, which is normally relatively inactive, can be modified by an exogenous factor such as crush injury. PMID- 6615868 TI - Linolenic acid desaturation and chain elongation and rapid turnover of phospholipid n - 3 fatty acids in isolated rat liver cells. AB - The desaturation and chain elongation of [1-14C]linolenic acid was studied in isolated liver cells from rats fed a diet deficient in essential fatty acids. 14C labelled 18:4, 20:3, 20:4, 20:5, 22:5 and 22:6, all n - 3 fatty acids, were formed. In the presence of lactate relatively large amounts of 20:5, 22:5 and 22:6 were formed. 20:5 was mainly present in phospholipids, 22:5 and 22:6 were present in both phospholipids and triacylglycerols. (+)-Decanoylcarnitine and (-) hydroxycitrate decreased the formation of 20:5, 22:5 and 22:6 and increased the recovery of 18:4. The unchanged 18:3 substrate was also initially rapidly incorporated both in the phospholipids and in the triacylglycerol fraction. During long incubation periods, continued after nearly all the [14C]linolenic acid substrate had been metabolized either by esterification or by oxidation, the phospholipid content of labelled 18:3 and 18:4 decreased while the content of 20:5, 22:5 and 22:6 increased markedly, suggesting a remodeling of the phospholipid n - 3 fatty acid content by a series of deacylations-reacylations. The n - 3 fatty acid pattern in the triacylglycerol fraction changed little. 22:5 and 22:6 appeared in the VLDL fraction secreted by the isolated liver cells. PMID- 6615869 TI - Effect of essential fatty acid deficiency on the epidermal sphingolipids of the rat. AB - The epidermal sphingolipids from rats maintained on either a rat stock diet or a fat-free diet have been analyzed. Thin-layer chromatographic analyses have revealed glucosylceramides, acylglucosylceramides and four fractions of ceramides, one of which proved to be an acylceramide. The relative amounts of the glucosylceramides, acylglucosylceramides and acylceramides were increased in the essential fatty acid-deficient epidermis while one ceramide fraction was diminished. The other two ceramide fractions remained unchanged. The acylceramides and acylglucosylceramides from normal rat epidermis both contained long-chain omega-hydroxy acids in amide linkage to sphingosine bases and high proportions of linoleic acid in ester linkage. The linoleate, which is known to be crucial for the formation and maintenance of the epidermal water barrier, was replaced by oleate in the essential fatty acid-deficient rats. PMID- 6615870 TI - The effect of fatty acid exposure on the biosynthesis of glycerolipids by cultured hepatocytes. AB - Incubation of hepatocyte monolayers with oleate or palmitate (1.0 mM) for 2-48 h, increased (20 to 80%) the incorporation of [1,3-14C]glycerol and palmitate into triacyglycerol but not phosphatidylcholine. The effect of fatty acids on liver cell triacylglycerol formation correlated well (r = 0.990) with a simultaneous rise (2-4-fold) in phosphatidate phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.4) activity. Phosphatidate phosphatase activity and triacylglycerol biosynthesis are also increased (2-fold) after hepatocyte monolayers are incubated for 24 h with cyclic GMP in the absence of fatty acids. Fatty acid-dependent increases in liver cell triacylglycerol formation and phosphatidate phosphatase activity are not blocked by cycloheximide. Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis was also elevated in homogenates of liver cells exposed (24-48 h) to 1.0 mM oleate when exogenous CDPcholine was added to the incubation mixture. Apparently, the phosphatidate phosphatase dependent rise in diacylglycerols that occurs after fatty acid exposure is primarily shunted into triacylglycerols because liver cell CDPcholine content is not correspondingly increased, and high levels of diacylglycerol acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.20) and fatty acyl-CoA derivatives are present. PMID- 6615871 TI - Influence of nutritional state on lipoprotein lipase activities in the hypothyroid rat. AB - We have investigated the effects of nutritional state on the lipoprotein lipase activities of the experimentally hypothyroid rat. Both short-term effects (i.e., those of a 24 h fast with and without re-feeding) and long-term effects (due to decreased food intake in hypothyroidism) have been studied. The hypothyroid rats had significantly higher lipoprotein lipase activities of adipose tissue and heart muscle. The effect of hypothyroidism on adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activities was modified by the nutritional state. In rats studied after 24 h fasting, the hypothyroid group had significantly higher lipoprotein lipase activities than weight-matched, age-matched and pair-fed (i.e., semi-starved) control groups. In rats studied in the re-fed state, the effects of hypothyroidism as such were less evident, since the pair-fed group also demonstrated significantly higher enzyme activities than did the other control groups. We have also studied the lipoprotein lipase activities of different enzyme preparations from adipose tissue. The effects of hypothyroidism were most clearly reflected in an increase of heparin-elutable enzyme activity from adipose tissue, whereas adipocyte lipoprotein lipase activity and the lipoprotein lipase secretion rate from adipocytes were affected to a lesser extent. We conclude that alterations in food intake strongly influence the lipoprotein lipase activities in the hypothyroidism. Our data also imply that the increased lipoprotein lipase activity in the hypothyroid state is due to a decreased degradation of the enzyme, both intra- and extracellularly. PMID- 6615872 TI - Dissociation of hepatic cholesterol synthesis from hepatic low-density lipoprotein uptake and biliary cholesterol saturation in female and male hamsters of different ages. AB - These studies were carried out in order to examine the relationship between the rate of uptake of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) by the liver and the rates of hepatic and extrahepatic cholesterol synthesis and biliary cholesterol content. Female hamsters fed a regular chow diet manifested a rate of hepatic sterol synthesis that was several-fold higher than that in age-matched males maintained on the same diet. Synthesis in the small intestine did not show a corresponding sex difference, but the overall rate in the remaining tissues of the carcass was significantly lower in the females than in the males. Thus, although the proportion of newly synthesized sterol produced by the liver was substantially greater in the females, this was balanced by a smaller contribution from the extrahepatic compartment so that whole-body sterol synthesis was similar in the females and males. Sterol synthesis in the whole animal declined markedly with age in both the females and males, and this was due principally to a reduction in extrahepatic synthesis. Despite the higher rate of hepatic synthesis in females, the rate of uptake of [14C]sucrose-labeled, homologous LDL by the liver was similar in females and males. In males, the adrenal gland transported the labeled LDL at a much higher rate than in females, but in the other extrahepatic tissues the rate of LDL uptake was similar in both groups. The level of cholesterol carried in the various plasma lipoprotein fractions and the relative cholesterol content of gallbladder bile were also similar in females and males. Thus, in this experimental model, the rate of LDL transport by the liver and extrahepatic tissues, the amount of cholesterol carried in plasma lipoproteins and the degree of biliary cholesterol saturation were not directly related to the rates of endogenous hepatic and extrahepatic sterol synthesis. PMID- 6615873 TI - Incomplete palmitate oxidation in cell-free systems of rat and human muscles. AB - The palmitate oxidation capacity was determined in whole homogenates, postnuclear fractions and mitochondrial fractions of various rat and human muscles and in rat liver, kidney, brain and lung. The oxidation rate (production of 14CO2 and 14C labeled acid-soluble intermediates) was [1-14C]palmitate greater than [U 14C]palmitate greater than [16-14C]palmitate in all cell-free systems. Oxidation rates were highest in rat heart and liver, intermediate in kidney, diaphragm and m. quadriceps, and low in brain and lung. The capacity of human heart was much lower than that of rat heart and about twice that of human skeletal muscles. Omission of L-carnitine and addition of malonyl-CoA, KCN or antimycin A decreased the oxidation rates in whole homogenates and mitochondrial fractions. Antimycin or KCN increased and malonyl-CoA decreased the ratio of the oxidation rates with [1-14C]- and [16-14C]palmitate. The carnitine concentration had no significant effect on the ratio. 14C-labeled dodecanoic and tetradecanoic acids were identified in homogenates and mitochondrial fractions of m. quadriceps and liver of rat as acid-insoluble intermediates of [16-14C]palmitate oxidation in the presence and absence of antimycin A. Their amounts recovered can account for the differences in oxidation rates found with [1-14C]- and [16-14C]palmitate. The incomplete palmitate oxidation in cell-free systems appears to be mainly caused by an inadequate mitochondrial degradation of peroxisomal oxidation products. PMID- 6615874 TI - In vitro regulation of bovine adrenal cortical acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase and comparison with the rat liver enzyme. AB - Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase activity in bovine adrenal cortical microsomes was increased by preincubation of microsomes in vitro in the presence of MgCl2. The acyltransferase activity in the microsomes could be inhibited by further incubation in the presence of ATP/MgCl2. These effects appear to complement the known ATP-dependent activation of adrenal cytosolic cholesterol ester hydrolase, which is consistent with the role of the hydrolase in supplying cholesterol for steroidogenesis. These effects are, however, opposite to those recently demonstrated for the rat liver and intestine. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase activity in rat liver can be increased by the addition of cholesterol, as substrate, or by 25-hydroxycholesterol. Such activation was not observed in adrenal microsomal preparations, further suggesting that the mechanisms of regulation of cholesterol esterification differs between these tissues. PMID- 6615875 TI - Selective effects of isomeric cis and trans fatty acids on fatty acyl delta 9 and delta 6 desaturation by human skin fibroblasts. AB - Human skin fibroblasts incorporate and actively desaturate long-chain fatty acids. Growth of these cells in lipid-free medium can be used to enhance delta 9 and delta 6 desaturation of [14C]stearate and [14C]linoleate, respectively. Medium supplementation with cis fatty acids inhibits delta 9 desaturation; effectiveness as inhibitors is linoleate (9c,12c-18:2) greater than oleate (9c 18:1) greater than vaccenate (11c-18:1). Linoelaidate (9t,12t-18:2), trans vaccenate (11t-18:1) and saturated fatty acids are without effect; elaidate (9t 18:1) appears stimulatory. By contrast, the trans fatty acids elaidate and linoelaidate are potent inhibitors of delta 6 desaturation; inhibition by trans vaccenate is 50% of that of elaidate. Desaturation of [14C]linoleate is only slightly inhibited by oleate, cis-vaccenate, or (6c,9c,12c)-linolenate. The relative effectiveness of isomeric cis- and trans-octadecenoic acids as inhibitors of delta 9 and delta 6 desaturation in intact human cells is different from that found in microsomal studies. The cell culture system can thus be important in evaluating physiological effects of isomeric fatty acids on cellular metabolic processes. PMID- 6615876 TI - Evidence for a negative modulating effect of erucic acid on the peroxisomal beta oxidation enzyme system and biogenesis in rat liver. AB - In male rats fed a 30 cal% high-erucic acid (22:1 (13) (cis] rapeseed oil diet for 4 weeks a transient, small increase in peroxisomal beta-oxidation was observed in liver homogenates and isolated peroxisomes after approximately 1 week. Morphometric analysis revealed a progressive decrease in the average size of the liver peroxisomes (by approx. 20%), as well as their volume fraction (by more than 40%). A negative dose-response was observed when peroxisomal beta oxidation was determined in animals fed rapeseed oil diets with a variable content of erucic acid. When erucic acid was given as subcutaneous injections the peroxisomal beta-oxidation decreased, in both liver homogenates and isolated peroxisomes. In contrast to recent proposals, our findings indicate that the amount of erucic acid cannot account for the small increase in peroxisomal beta oxidation observed in the liver of rats adapted to a diet containing 30 cal% rapeseed oil with a high content of this fatty acid. In fact, by the selected criteria erucic acid seems to have a negative modulating effect on both the peroxisomal beta-oxidation enzyme system and biogenesis. PMID- 6615877 TI - Stability and clearance of small unilamellar liposomes. Studies with normal and lipoprotein-deficient mice. AB - The effect of high density lipoproteins (HDL) on the stability and clearance of injected liposomes was investigated under conditions of abnormal lipoprotein metabolism in vivo. Small unilamellar liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholine and containing quenched carboxyfluorescein were injected intravenously or intraperitoneally into normal mice or mice previously made lipoprotein deficient with 4-aminopyrazolo[3,4d]pyrimidine (4-APP). As evidenced from quenched carboxyfluorescein values in the blood, levels of stable liposomes in the circulation were increased and clearance rates reduced considerably in lipoprotein-deficient animals indicating increased bilayer integrity. This was confirmed by the demonstration that transfer of liposomal phosphatidylcholine to HDL, occurring in the presence of normal mouse plasma, was virtually abolished in the presence of plasma from lipoprotein deficient mice. The role of other lipoprotein species in destabilizing liposomes was also investigated. Plasma from lipoprotein-deficient mice was supplemented with increasing amounts of HDL, LDL + IDL or VLDL (to cover the physiological range of lipoprotein concentrations in mouse blood) prior to the addition of phosphatidylcholine liposomes, and incubated at 37 degrees C. It was shown that among the lipoprotein species studied only HDL was detrimental to liposomal stability under the conditions employed. Our results indicate that use of liposomal drugs in the treatment of patients must take into account HDL fluctuations in their blood as these could after liposomal membrane permeability to the drugs and thus upset therapeutic efficiency. PMID- 6615878 TI - Fate of cholesterol-rich liposomes after subcutaneous injection into rats. AB - The fate of small (30-60 nm) and large (about 400 nm diameter) liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholine or sphingomyelin and equimolar cholesterol and containing quenched carboxyfluorescein and 111In-labelled bleomycin after footpad injection of rats was investigated. Judging from the values of latent carboxyfluorescein in the plasma, phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin small liposomes entered the blood circulation intact, presumably via the lymphatics to reach 3 h after injection a peak of 16.9 and 23.1% of the dose per total blood, respectively. Of the 111In radioactivity given in phosphatidylcholine liposomes, about 32% was recovered in the liver. Hepatic uptake of 111In for sphingomyelin liposomes was lower (about 9%) reflecting their slower rate of clearance. No latent carboxyfluorescein could be detected in the blood after injection with phosphatidylcholine or sphingomyelin large liposomes and levels of 111In in the liver (and spleen) were very low. A proportionally much greater amount of liposomal 111In was intercepted by the popliteal and to a lesser extent, the lumbar lymph nodes. Such uptake was significantly higher (e.g. 463%) for small than for large (e.g. 195% per g popliteal nodes) liposomes. After foot pad injection of large liposomes into Walker 256 tumour-bearing rats, localization of 111In in the popliteal nodes was similar to that seen with control animals. However, 111In localization in the lumbar nodes was augmented more than 5-fold. These results suggest that large liposomes as used in this study, characterized by efficient drug entrapment, inability to reach the liver and spleen and improved localization in the lymph nodes of tumour-bearing animals may be preferable to vesicles of small size for the local treatment of lymphatic metastases. PMID- 6615879 TI - Isolation and characterization of polyphosphates from the yeast cell surface. AB - When cells of Saccharomyces fragilis are subjected to osmotic shock, they release a limited amount of inorganic polyphosphate into the medium, which represents about 10% of the total cellular content. The osmotic shock procedure causes no substantial membrane damage, as judged from the unimpaired cell viability, limited K+ leakage and low percentage of stained cells. It is therefore suggested that this polyphosphate fraction is localized outside the plasma membrane. The released polyphosphate fraction differs from the remaining cellular polyphosphates in two respects: the mean chain length of the shock-sensitive fraction is significantly higher than that of the total cellular polyphosphates and its metabolic turnover rate, subsequent to pulsing with [32P]orthophosphate is much lower compared to the rest of the cellular polyphosphate. Incubation of intact cells with the anion exchange resin Dowex AG 1-X4 results in the release of high molecular weight polyphosphates. These results suggest that the osmotic shock-sensitive polyphosphate fraction has specific characteristics in both its cellular localization and metabolism. PMID- 6615880 TI - A possible mechanism for the changes in hepatic and intestinal alkaline phosphatase activities in bile-duct-ligated rats or guinea pigs. AB - The effects of bile-duct ligation on hepatic and intestinal (jejunum) alkaline phosphatase activities were studied using rats and guinea pigs. In ligated rats, the enzyme activity was increased 4.1-fold in the liver after 24 h and 2.8-fold in the intestine after 12 h. In guinea pigs, the hepatic and intestinal enzyme activities were increased 2.3-fold and 1.5-fold after 100 and 24 h, respectively. The intestinal activity was induced sooner after ligation than hepatic activity. The induction of alkaline phosphatase was inhibited by prior treatment of animals with amanitin, an inhibitor of RNA polymerase activity. This result indicates that the induction is associated with de novo enzyme synthesis. The content of cyclic AMP in liver and intestine increased immediately after ligation. The increase in alkaline phosphatase activities was also inhibited by pretreatment with chlorpromazine, an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase activity. Hence, cellular cyclic AMP may be implicated in playing a role in the induction of alkaline phosphatase by bile-duct ligation. PMID- 6615881 TI - Fatty acid-glucose interaction in the control of protein synthesis by isolated rat lung cells. AB - (1) The addition of long chain fatty acids to the incubation medium of isolated rat lung cells produced a dose-dependent inhibition of protein labelling from L [3H]valine. Maximal rate changes were observed at fatty acids levels within the range of their physiological concentration. (2) The effect of fatty acids on protein labelling does not seem to be mediated by their oxidation. The following observations seem to support this conclusion: (a) the rate of fatty acid oxidation by lung cells was remarkably low, so that no significant variations in the state of reduction of the NAD system were detected; (b) there was no correspondence in the dose-response patterns of fatty acid oxidation and inhibition of protein labelling; (c) octanoate was much more actively oxidized than oleate, however the latter was more effective in decreasing protein labelling. (3) An apparent relationship between the length of the fatty chain and its ability to inhibit protein labelling seems to exist. The longer the chain the stronger the inhibitory effect observed. (4) The effect of fatty acid on protein labelling seems to be mediated by a cellular energy depletion secondary to an inhibition of the respiratory chain. Their ability to decrease oxygen uptake and adenine nucleotide content was also proportional to the chain length. (5) Glucose, which apparently acted by increasing energy production at substrate level phosphorylation, partially prevented the inhibitory effect of fatty acid on protein labelling. This observation supports the point of view that fatty acids do not act in decreasing protein labelling by perturbing directly the protein synthesis machinery but decreasing the phosphorylation potential. PMID- 6615882 TI - A simple procedure for the synthesis of [32P]phosphoenolpyruvate via the pyruvate kinase exchange reaction at equilibrium. AB - A one step procedure is presented for the preparation of [32P]phosphoenolpyruvate from [gamma-32P]ATP using pyruvate kinase. The reaction is carried out at chemical equilibrium and involves only an exchange of isotope between ATP and phosphoenolpyruvate. The initial phosphoenolpyruvate/ATP ratio in the reaction mixture determines the degree of 32P incorporation into phosphoenolpyruvate when isotopic equilibrium is achieved. PMID- 6615883 TI - Close correlation between platelet responses and adenylate energy charge during transient substrate depletion. AB - The relation between availability of metabolic energy and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation and secretion was investigated in a system of transient substrate depletion followed by restoration of ATP resynthesis. Substrate depletion induced a fall in the concentration of metabolic ATP and in the adenylate energy charge and a concurrent decline in aggregation and secretion of dense and alpha-granule contents. Restoration of energy generation completely restored the adenylate energy charge and restored aggregation and secretion, but led to incomplete recovery of the ATP concentration. A close correlation between the adenylate energy charge and aggregation and between the adenylate energy charge and the secretion of dense and alpha-granule contents could be demonstrated. No such correlation existed between these responses and the concentration of ATP. These results show that the adenylate energy charge monitors an energetic condition which is crucial for preservation of platelet aggregation and secretion of dense and alpha-granule contents. PMID- 6615884 TI - N-acetylneuraminic acid and sialoglycoconjugate metabolism in fibroblasts from a patient with generalized N-acetylneuraminic acid storage disease. AB - Cultured skin fibroblasts from a patient suffering from generalized N acetylneuraminic acid storage disease were found to accumulate large amounts (approx. 4.0 mumol/g fresh weight) of free N-acetylneuraminic acid in a lysosome enriched subcellular fraction. However, there were no detectable deficiencies in lysosomal hydrolase activities (including neuraminidase), and the activities of CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase and N-acetylneuraminic acid aldolase were within normal limits. The cellular glycoconjugate composition was normal, and pathologic fibroblasts labeled with either [3H]glucosamine-HCl or N [3H]acetylmannosamine showed a marked accumulation of labeled free N acetylneuraminic acid, along with elevated incorporation into sialoglycoconjugates. Neither normal nor pathologic fibroblasts secreted labeled free N-acetylneuraminic acid into the culture medium. These results are consistent with an inherited defect in N-acetylneuraminic acid reutilization, resulting in the lysosomal accumulation of the free monosaccharide in generalized N-acetylneuraminic acid storage disease. PMID- 6615885 TI - Purification and properties of cyclic nucleotide-independent phosvitin kinase from pig testis. AB - Cyclic nucleotide-independent and Ca2+-independent phosvitin kinase was purified from pig testis to apparent homogeneity by DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G-200 chromatography, followed by subsequent DEAE-cellulose chromatography and phosvitin-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. The purified enzyme was homogeneous by analytical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and it consisted of two polypeptides with molecular weights of 92000 (alpha) and 84000 (beta), which were present in the ratio of 1:2. Molecular weight of the native enzyme was estimated at 240000 by gel chromatography on Sepharose 6B, suggesting that the enzyme consists of alpha beta 2. The enzyme had maximal activity with phosvitin as the substrate. Casein was less active than phosvitin. Histone, protamine and myosin light-chains were practically ineffective. The enzyme possessed no ability to autophosphorylate. The apparent Km values were 7.4 microM for phosvitin, 65 microM for ATP and 0.6 mM for Mg2+. Vmax was 2.16 mumol/min per mg. The enzyme was inhibited by ammonium sulfate and heparin, and it was not affected by the addition of cyclic nucleotides and Ca2+ with calmodulin or phospholipid. PMID- 6615886 TI - Corticosteroid modulation of muscarinic receptors in rat myocardial membranes. AB - Rat ventricular myocardial membranes contain muscarinic acetylcholine receptors which can be identified by binding of the muscarinic antagonist (-) [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate. Scatchard analysis of saturation binding data revealed binding to a single class of non-cooperative sites (0.693 pmol/mg protein) with high affinity (i.e. with an equilibrium dissociation constant of 0.24 nM). Competition binding curves of the agonist carbamylcholine were shallow (with a Hill coefficient, nH of 0.71) for membranes of untreated rats, suggesting the presence of two receptor subpopulations with different agonist affinity. These curves were steeper (nH = 0.86) for adrenalectomized animals and more shallow (nH = 0.62) for hydrocortisone-treated animals. In contrast, both treatments did not affect the total receptor number. This suggests that corticosteroids are required for the myocardial muscarinic receptors to adopt high agonist affinity. However, the inhibition of adenylate cyclase by muscarinic agonists disappeared after both corticosteroid treatment and adrenalectomy. But agonist receptor binding could still be modulated by guanine nucleotides. This indicates that both high and low affinity forms of muscarinic receptors induced by altered corticosteroid states retain functional coupling with the inhibitory nucleotide binding site, but are uncoupled from the adenylate cyclase catalytic subunit, C. PMID- 6615887 TI - Nuclear binding and sedimentation properties of two activated forms of glucocorticoid-receptor complexes from rat mammary glands. AB - Mammary cytoplasmic glucocorticoid-receptor complexes, which had been exposed to a high concentration of ammonium sulfate, were found to be separated into two receptor forms, consisting of DNA-cellulose-bound and non-DNA-cellulose-bound receptors. Experiments under cell-free conditions revealed that not only the DNA cellulose-bound receptor but also the non-DNA-cellulose-bound receptor have binding abilities to nuclei and to nuclear chromatin. In sucrose density gradient centrifugation, the non-DNA-cellulose-bound receptor sedimented at higher sedimentation coefficients than the DNA-cellulose-bound receptor under all the salt conditions tested. These data strongly suggest that in the mammary glucocorticoid receptor system there exist at least two activated receptor forms with different conformations. PMID- 6615888 TI - Detection of nonenzymatic browning products in the human lens. AB - The nonenzymatic browning or Maillard reaction is an aging process in stored foods. The initial stage of this reaction, nonenzymatic glycosylation, has been shown to occur in the human lens. The possible occurrence of further steps of the Maillard reaction involving lysine residues and glucose has been investigated. A lipid-free protein extract from a pool of human cataractous lenses was reduced, alkylated, and digested with pronase. The digest was reduced with [3H]borohydride, acid hydrolyzed and fractionated by Sephadex G-15 chromatography. The fractions eluting ahead of epsilon-1-deoxyglucitolyllysine were pooled and separated with an amino acid analyzer. Four fluorescent, yellow, and radioactive peaks were obtained. One of these, which co-eluted with tyrosine, was isolated, acetylated, and further analyzed by reverse phase chromatography using HPLC. Two new peaks were separated which co-chromatographed with lysine derivatives isolated from the nonenzymatic browning reaction of alpha-tert butyloxycarbonyllysine with glucose. Control experiments showed that they were not artifacts due to acid hydrolysis of epsilon-glucitolyllysine. These results suggest that dehydration and rearrangement of the Amadori product, epsilon fructosyllysine, has occurred in vivo, thus leading to the formation of at least two nonenzymatic browning products. PMID- 6615889 TI - Changes in ascorbate levels on stimulation of human neutrophils. AB - Changes in ascorbate levels have been measured in human neutrophils stimulated with opsonized zymosan, phorbol myristate acetate and formyl-methionyl-leucyl phenylalanine (fMet-Leu-Phe), in the presence and absence of cytochalasin B. After stimulation with opsonized zymosan or phorbol myristate acetate, there was no loss of total ascorbate, but 30-40% of the reduced ascorbate was oxidized to dehydroascorbate. Superoxide dismutase and catalase added to the cell suspension did not inhibit this oxidation. fMet-Leu-Phe, however, gave no net oxidation but about 20% of the total ascorbate was lost during 2 h incubation. These results imply that there is not a simple relationship between superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production and ascorbate oxidation, and that release of ascorbate into the phagolysosomes does not occur. PMID- 6615890 TI - The effect of oxalate on gluconeogenesis by isolated chicken hepatocytes. Increased sensitivity to inhibition as a result of biotin deficiency. AB - Addition of varying concentrations of oxalate to isolated chicken hepatocytes reduced gluconeogenesis from lactate in a manner indicating that pyruvate carboxylase was not the rate-limiting step. With hepatocytes from biotin deficient chicks, sensitivity to inhibition was increased, and was consistent with pyruvate carboxylase being rate-limiting. Administration of biotin to deficient chicks overnight restores sensitivity to oxalate to normal. PMID- 6615891 TI - Kinetics of dexamethasone binding to the glucocorticoid receptor of intact erythroid cells from rat fetal liver. AB - The erythroid cells from the rat fetal liver have been shown to possess a receptor for glucocorticoids. In the present work, the characteristics of [3H]dexamethasone binding have been studied on intact cells, in order to minimize receptor degradation, and at 4 degrees C, in order to prevent the activation of the hormone-receptor complex. Dissociation kinetics were those of a first-order reaction and the value of the rate constant of dissociation was similar to the values available in the literature. When studied at low concentrations of the ligand and using short-term incubations, association kinetics were apparently those of a simple bimolecular reaction. But at high ligand concentrations and/or using long-term incubations, association kinetics indicated a more complex reaction. Our results were compatible with the model proposed by Pratt W.B., Kaine J.L. and Pratt V.D. (J. Biol. Chem. 250 (1975) 4584-4591) for cytosolic preparations. This model implies the rapid formation of a transient unstable form of the complex, further converted into a stable form with slower kinetics. Equilibrium dissociation constant of the first (rapid) reaction was 80 microM and the rate constant of 'stabilization' was of the order of 70 X 10(-3) min-1. These values agree with the results of Pratt et al. relative to a cytosolic preparation from rat thymocytes. PMID- 6615892 TI - Influence of oxalate on the rate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in rat hepatocytes. AB - In hepatocytes isolated from fed rats, physiological concentrations of oxalate lower the flux through the tricarboxylic acid cycle (-48%) and reduce the steady state levels of oxaloacetate and other Krebs cycle intermediates. All the metabolic modifications observed are explained by pyruvate carboxylase inhibition, since oxalate hardly modifies the flux through pyruvate dehydrogenase. PMID- 6615893 TI - Stimulation of tubulin synthesis by thyroid hormone in the developing rat brain. AB - The effect of triiodothyronine on the biogenesis of tubulin has been studied in the developing rat brain. In organ cultures of brains from newborn rats, the hormone stimulates the incorporation of [14C]leucine into tubulin by 60-80% within 2 h in the absence of any significant change in total protein synthesis. This stimulation is strictly age-dependent (only brains from late fetal or newborn rats are sensitive), dose-dependent (stimulation increases progressively and reaches a maximum level with physiological dose of the hormone) and displays tissue specificity. The temporal correspondence of the sensitivity of the rat brain to triiodothyronine with the period of normal rise in the level of tubulin and that of the maximal level of nuclear triiodothyronine receptors in the brain strongly suggests the involvement of the hormone in regulating the biogenesis of tubulin during the differentiation and maturation of neonatal rat brain. PMID- 6615894 TI - [Effect of adenosine protonation on its interaction with polyuridylic acid]. AB - The effect of adenosine protonation on complex formation between poly(U) and adenosine has been studied by UV spectroscopy, titration and equilibrium dialysis techniques. A method has been developed to estimate the "misincorporation" of ionized monomer molecules into a polynucleotide--monomer complex. The method is based on combining the titration and binding data. Using this method it is shown that protonated adenosine interacts to some extent with poly(U) in the course of A.2 poly(U) dissociation at acidic pH. Qualitative differences between the effects of ionization of the polymer and monomer components on polynucleotide- monomer interaction are discussed. PMID- 6615895 TI - [Model of the packing of DNA and histone octamer in the structure of the nucleosome]. AB - A model is proposed which describes the packing of polypeptide chains of histone molecules in the octamer (H3--H4--H2A--H2B)2, and interlocation of DNA and octamer in the nucleosome. DNA packing in the nucleosome is provided for by electrostatic interactions between DNA phosphates and cationic groups located on the globular part surface of histones octamer. The cationic groups of N- and C end regions of the histone molecules (histones H3 and H4 in particular) additionally stabilize the nucleosome structure. PMID- 6615896 TI - [Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+ levels in histone fractions from normal and tumor cells]. AB - Distribution of some bivalent cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+) in histones isolated from healthy mice liver and ascitic hepatoma 22A cells has been investigated by atomic-absorption analysis. It has been shown that the content of these cations is higher in normal and diseased H3, H2B and H1 fractions and lower--in H2A; however, in the H4 fraction these metals are not detected. A significant increase of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Zn2+ levels has been established in ascitic H3, H2B and H1 fractions. An increase of bivalent cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+) content in some histone fractions apparently is bound with the changes of histone--histone and histone--DNA interactions. PMID- 6615897 TI - [Correlation between average protein composition and amino acid properties]. AB - Relations between amino acid properties and their averaged content in protein are discovered. Some groups of amino acids are delimited; they differ in equation parameters describing relations between amino acid properties and their content in protein. Dependence of amino acid molar content on weights of their residues in protein are hyperbolic (4 groups of amino acids with different parameters of the equations are delimited); the same relations are discovered between amino acid hydrophobicity and their molar content in protein (3 groups of amino acids are delimited). Graphs representing the relations between the content of amino acid residues in protein expressed as weight per cent and molar weights of residues and their volumes in protein look like bunches of divergent lines, each represents one group of amino acids. Delimitation of amino acids into groups correlates with ATP expenditures for their synthesis. The connection between the discovered regularities and the fact that amino acid content of averaged protein followed the Zipf law, is discussed. The role of these regularities in solving several biological problems is analysed. PMID- 6615898 TI - [Conformation stability of immunoglobulin A by the monomolecular layer method]. AB - Human secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) resistance to surface denaturation as a function of NaCl concentration and pH of aqueous phase has been studied by monomolecular layer method at air-water interface. Ig A has been shown to form monolayers of native molecules oriented horizontally towards interface in pH range from 5.2 to 9.0 and NaCl concentration from 0.15 M to 0.65 M. Beyond these regions surface denaturation rate in directly proportional to H+ and NaCl concentration. It was established that Ig A molecule conformational stability was higher than that of IgG. PMID- 6615899 TI - [The iron-sulfur center N-2 from NADH-dehydrogenase during direct and reverse electron transport in the mitochondria of rat liver and the yeast Endomyces magnusii]. AB - A dramatic decrease of the rate of transport of reducing equivalents from NADH to coenzyme Q was observed in the 4th metabolic state (by Chance). It was suggested that this decrease is due to the increase of total time of transition from the structural nonequilibrium state to the equilibrium one of the N-2 center. The structural nonequilibrium state of the center N-2 was observed only under the energy-dependent reverse electron transport, when the substrates for the reduction of coenzyme Q were used. PMID- 6615901 TI - [Increase of the water content in the lipid phase of lipoproteins during peroxidation]. AB - By means of fluorescent probes of pyrene and 4-dimethylaminochalcone (DMC) an increase of polarity of the lipid phase of lipoproteins of low density LDL during their autooxidation was discovered. The observed change of polarity is explained by the penetration of water molecules into the LDL phospholipid layer, which form hydrogen bonds with polar groups resulting from the peroxidation of lipids. Such "water corrosion" of the membranes is suggested to bring about a change of matrix properties of the phospholipid layer, particularly a change in LDL protein conformation discovered earlier during peroxidation. PMID- 6615900 TI - [Interaction of acetylcholine and tubocurarine with protein molecules of the actin complex and phosphatidylcholine]. AB - By means of surface Wilhelmi weight type changes of monomolecular layer properties of some proteins and lipids at the air--water boundary have been studied during acetylcholine and tubocurarine injection in the subphase. Active interaction of acetylcholine and tubocurarine molecules with monolayers of actin, myosin and phosphatidylcholine was observed, while the properties of human serum albumin (HSA) and cholesterine were not influenced by the same physiologically active substances. These substances had no effect on the area of monolayers and on other physico-chemical parameters of HSA and cholesterine. On the other hand when acetylcholine is present in the subphase of phosphatidylcholine monolayer the velocity of HSA penetration in these monolayers in sharply decreased. PMID- 6615902 TI - [Cholesterol esters increase the permeability of lecithin bilayer membranes]. AB - Conductivity of lecithin bilayers containing cholesterol and its esters was studied. It was shown that cholesterol causes a considerable decrease of conductivity, the original conductivity of bilayers being (5.8 +/- 0.9) . 10(-8) Ohm-1 cm-2. Maximal effect was observed when concentration of cholesterol was about 30 mol%. Further increase of cholesterol content does not change the conductivity of bilayers. It was found that cholesterol esters in contrast to cholesterol cause the increase of ion permeability of bilayers. The same effect was also observed at high membrane cholesterol content. The obtained results were discussed in relation to cell membrane destructions at atherosclerosis. PMID- 6615903 TI - [Electron computer modeling of membrane structure and distribution of admixture particles in the lipid bilayer]. AB - A simple molecular model of double lipid layer of the membrane is proposed. Equilibrium distribution of small hydrophilic particles between bilayer and contacting solution was studied by computer modeling. Connection between the concentration profile of the particles and its structural organization was considered. Special role of the bilayer central region was found. The results obtained qualitatively agree with the known experimental data. PMID- 6615904 TI - [Cooperative binding of calcium ions by photoreceptor membranes]. AB - Equilibrium calcium binding by photoreceptor membranes of cattle retina in 5 mM tris-HCl buffer, pH = 7.4 at 5 degrees C in concentration interval from 2 X 10( 7) M to 2 X 10(-3) M has been studied. Binding of Ca2+ was found to depend on the manner of photoreceptor membranes preparation. Cooperative effect of Ca2+ binding in concentration interval from 2 X 10(-7) M to 10(-5) M was observed. PMID- 6615905 TI - [Permeability of sarcoplasma reticulum membrane for monovalent cations]. AB - Potassium, sodium and Tris ion permeability of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles was investigated by the method of potential-sensitive probes. Membrane potentials were generated by changing the ionic environment of vesicles and were measured using the probe 3,3'-dipropyl-2,2'-thiodicarbocyanine (diS-C3-(5)). It was shown that 2/3 of the vesicles (Type I) were permeable to K+ and Na+ while the remaining 1/3 (Type II) were not. Both types of vesicles were relatively impermeable to Tris+. The permeability coefficient for Tris+ was estimated to be of the order of 10(-8) cm/sec. The K+ and Na+ permeability coefficients for Type I vesicles were estimated to be greater than 10(-6) sm/sec. A likely physiological function of the K+, Na+-permeable pathways in SR would be to minimize charge and osmotic effects during Ca2+ uptake and release. PMID- 6615906 TI - [Power-law approximation and similarity properties of metabolic regulatory characteristics]. AB - A simple procedure is given to estimate the parameters and error of power--law approximation of rate laws for a wide class of irreversible enzyme reactions. Conditions are formulated assuring the validity of the following similarity law of regulatory characteristics: in homological metabolic chains of different individuals steady--state flux dependences on key compound concentration can be made identical by means of scale transformation, with coefficients determined by individual parameters. PMID- 6615907 TI - [Initiation of auto-oscillations in a distributed system with multiple equilibria]. AB - Possible alterations in time of population numbers due to abrupt nonuniformity of environmental conditions were shown by a mathematical model. Elimination of borders between the local systems with stable uniform regimes results in the appearance of auto-oscillations of large amplitude in the whole region. The effect is interpreted in terms of the consequences of applying chemicals for pest control, and of chemotherapy influence on the immune system as well. PMID- 6615908 TI - [Possible mechanism of the thalamic pacemaker of alpha-rhythm and fusiform activity]. AB - Proceedings from the analysis of known experimental data on theta-rhythm (fusiform activity) a determinate model of its generator is proposed. It is based on the mechanism of beats frequencies. The model consists of 2 united identical moduli generating harmonic (rhythmical) oscillations alpha-rhythms of approximating frequencies v1 and v2 = v1 + delta v. The working regime of the generator is determined by the trigger pulse frequency. The proposed quantitative relationships between theta-rhythm parameters--T, n and frequencies of constituent oscillations v and delta v are checked up by analysing oscillograms of barbiturate activity in EEG of dogs. The results obtained are in favour of determinate rather than stochastic mechanism of theta-rhythm. PMID- 6615909 TI - [Influence of laser radiation on the binding of bromthymol blue by microsomes]. AB - It was stated that radiation of liver microsomes with helium--neon laser (lambda = 6328 A, the power of radiation 25 mvt) during 30 minutes leads to a decrease of the amount of sorption centres from 25.6 to 10.2 mol/g of protein and a change of delta F degree from -7.0 to -4.1 kkal/mol for bromthymol dark blue. PMID- 6615910 TI - [Processes of reconstruction and association by nucleosomes with various formations of histones]. AB - The experiments on reconstruction of chromatin (without H1) from DNA and histone octamer containing either H2B from sea urchin sperm (H2B-S) or H2B from calf thymus are reported. It has been shown that H2B-S affects the mode of interaction of histones with DNA during the reconstitution of nucleosomal particles on one hand and on the other hand H2B-S plays a major role in the interactions of reconstituted mononucleosomes. These interactions result in supranucleosomal structures. PMID- 6615911 TI - [Characteristics of cholesterol crystallization in bile]. AB - Possibility of crystallization of cholesterol in bile according to the dislocational mechanism is shown. It is supposed that linear defects in the liquid crystalline phase of bile at gallstone disease may serve as dislocations of growth. The critical size of crystallization nuclei is estimated. In bile of patients with acalculous cholecystitis the dendrite mechanism of cholesterol crystallization was found. PMID- 6615912 TI - [X-ray diffraction study of the molecular nature of the dependence of rigor tension developed by skinned rabbit psoas muscle on the ionic strength of the solution]. AB - Molecular origin of the dependence of rigor tension developed by skinned rabbit psoas muscle on the value of ionic strength in rigorizing solution was studied by means of X-ray diffraction technique. It is shown that a deviation of the ionic strength from "normal" value (= 0.125) either to high (= 0.34) or to low (= 0.04) values is accompanied by the changes in the relative intensities of some meridional reflections while their axial positions remained unchanged. This may be explained as the result of the detachment of myosin subfragments-2 from the surfaces of thick filaments. The data obtained indicate that there is a correlation between the structure and localization of myosin subfragments-2 and the value of force generated by the muscle. PMID- 6615913 TI - [Muscarinic cholinoreceptors of brain synaptic membranes from animals of various ages]. AB - In old rats in contrast to young and mature ones the treatment of synaptic membranes with SH-reagent N-ethylmaleimide, cholinergic agonist carbamylcholine or both of them decreases the specific binding of labeled muscarinic antagonist 3H-quinuclidinylbenzylate. The age related change of receptor conformation with exposure of thiol groups responsible for antagonist binding is suggested. PMID- 6615915 TI - The circadian locomotor rhythm of Hemideina thoracica (Orthoptera; Stenopelmatidae): a population of weakly coupled feedback oscillators as a model of the underlying pacemaker. AB - A control systems model consisting of a population of weakly-coupled feedback oscillators has been developed to simulate the circadian locomotor rhythm of the insect, Hemideina thoracica (Orthoptera; Stenopelmatidae). The model is an extension of a previously published single oscillator feedback model (Gander and Lewis, 1979) which successfully simulates entrainment, phase response curves, temperature compensation and Aschoff's Rule for Hemideina activity rhythms. The population model described here has the additional properties of predicting some of the free-run period lability (Pavlidis, 1978a, b) observed in the Hemideina rhythm (Christensen and Lewis, 1982) which is unexplained by single oscillator systems. Model behaviour is compared with the experimental data derived from the insect activity rhythms. PMID- 6615914 TI - Spatial cross-correlation. A proposed mechanism for acoustic pitch perception. AB - We propose in this paper a new class of model processes for the extraction of spectral information from the neural representation of acoustic signals in mammals. We are concerned particularly with mechanisms for detecting the phase locked activity of auditory neurons in response to frequencies and intensities of sound associated with speech perception. Recent psychophysical tests on deaf human subjects implanted with intracochlear stimulating electrodes as an auditory prosthesis have produced results which are in conflict with the predictions of the classical place-pitch and periodicity-pitch theories. In our model, the detection of synchronicity between two phase-locked signals derived from sources spaced a finite distance apart on the basilar membrane can be used to extract spectral information from the spatiotemporal pattern of basilar membrane motion. Computer simulations of this process suggest an optimal spacing of about 0.3-0.4 of the wavelength of the frequency to be detected. This interval is consistent with a number of psychophysical, neurophysiological, and anatomical observations, including the results of high resolution frequency-mapping of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus which are presented here. One particular version of this model, invoking the binaurally sensitive cells of the medial superior olive as the critical detecting elements, has properties which are useful in accounting for certain complex binaural psychophysical observations. PMID- 6615916 TI - Two spatio-temporal filters in human vision. 1. Temporal and spatial frequency response characteristics. AB - We have studied visual detection of a circular target moving across a spatially and/or temporally modulated background. Illumination, It, for threshold detection of the target has been measured as a function of background modulation frequency and changes in It associated with background modulation provide a means of determining the frequency response characteristics of visual channels. Temporal frequency responses obtained with temporally modulated, spatially uniform backgrounds have pass-band characteristics and the temporal frequency for peak response increases with increase in mean background illumination. These temporal frequency responses resemble those of the de Lange (1954) filter, but the latter incorporates the incremental thresholds for steady backgrounds. The amplitude of this temporal response saturates at low (approximately 40%) background modulation, decreases to zero as the target velocity falls to zero, and is maximum for a circular target of diameter 2 degrees. The spatial characteristics of this temporal filter were measured with a background field consisting of alternate steady and flickering bars. The resulting spatial frequency curve peaks at 1 cycle deg-1 for all background illuminations and is independent of the background grating orientation. This spatial response differs significantly from the IMG spatial functions observed with a background grating (Barbur and Ruddock, 1980). The spatial and temporal responses reviewed above exhibit similar parametric variations and we therefore associate them with a single spatio temporal filter, ST2. A second temporal response, with low-pass frequency characteristics, was observed with a background field consisting of two matched gratings, presented in spatial and temporal antiphase. This response has parametric properties similar to those of the IMG spatial response described previously by Barbur and Ruddock (1980), thus we associated the two sets of data with a single spatio-temporal filter, ST1. We show that the ST2 responses can be obtained by combining ST1 responses, and we present a network incorporating the two filters. We review other psychophysical studies which imply the activity of two spatio-temporal filters with properties of the kind revealed in our studies. We argue that filter ST1 has properties equivalent to those of X-type and filter ST2 has properties equivalent to those of Y-type electrophysiological mechanisms. PMID- 6615917 TI - Two spatio-temporal filters in human vision. 2. Selective modification in amblyopia, albinism, and hemianopia. AB - We have used the psychophysical methods described in the first paper of this series (Holliday and Ruddock, 1983) to determine selected spatial and temporal response characteristics of the ST1 and ST2 filters for subjects suffering visual defects. Data are given for 19 amblyopes, an albino and a hemianope, and comparison data are also given for a number of subjects with normal vision. The ST1 spatial responses for both the "normal" and "amblyopic" eyes of 12 convergent strabismic amblyopes are displaced to low spatial frequencies compared to the normal curve, which implies that there is a loss of fine spatial tuning. In all but one subject, the curve for the "amblyopic" eye peaks at a spatial frequency lower than that for the "normal" eye, thus the former deviates further from the normal pattern than the latter. The ST1 spatial responses of 6 refractive amblyopes are also displaced to the low frequency side of the normal curve, although on average the shift is smaller than in the case of the strabismic amblyopes. For each subject, the response curve of the "amblyopic" eye peaks at a lower spatial frequency than does that for the "normal" eye. ST1 spatial responses were measured for targets located up to 30 degrees off-axis along the horizontal meridian and sample data are given for one strabismic and one refractive amblyope and for two normal subjects. It is concluded from these data that the changes in the spatial responses associated with amblyopia do not simply reflect eccentric fixation of the target. The ST2 spatial response was measured for the "normal" and "amblyopic" eyes of 9 amblyopes (7 strabismic and 2 refractive). There is no significant difference between the average amblyopic response and that of normal subjects, and only in one case does the response for an "amblyopic" eye peak at a frequency lower than the peak frequency for normal vision. The ST2 temporal response for 9 amblyopes shows no systematic deviations from the normal response. For the albino, both the ST1 and ST2 spatial responses peak at around 0.3 cycles deg-1, and both curves are displaced considerably to the low spatial frequency side of the normal ST2 spatial response. The albino's ST2 temporal response is essentially normal. Measurements for the hemianope's "blind" hemifield under conditions appropriate to the isolation of the ST1 and ST2 spatial responses reveal no tuning curves. The ST2 temporal response for the "blind" hemifield, however, is of large amplitude, with a peak at 2 Hz, well below the normal frequency response peak. It is argued that the loss of fine spatial tuning which occurs in the ST1, but not the ST2, spatial responses of the amblyopes is consistent with the sequential organisation of these two filter classes proposed by Holliday and Ruddock (1983). Further, for the only two subjects whose ST2 spatial response curves are displaced to abnormally low frequencies (the albino and a strabismic amblyope) the ST1 spatial response is shifted to low spatial frequencies compared to the normal ST2 curve... PMID- 6615918 TI - A functional model of the wiring of the simple cells of visual cortex. AB - A computer model of the simple cells in the mammalian visual cortex was constructed. The model cells received inputs from a great number of isopolar centre/surround cells assumed to be located in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). The distribution of input to the model simple cells was either inhibitory/excitatory or inhibitory/excitatory/inhibitory. Such arrangements produced receptive fields containing four or five consecutively antagonistic subfields. Responses produced by the model cells to different types of stimuli (periodical as well as nonperiodical) were obtained and compared to responses of living cells reported from various laboratories under comparable stimulus conditions. In all the situations tested, the responses of the model cells corresponded qualitatively very well to those of living cells. It was seen that the same wiring mechanism was able to account for orientation selectivity, spatial frequency filtering, various phase relationships between stimulus and response, subfield orientational selectivity, and slight end-inhibition. Furthermore, the receptive fields of the model simple cells closely resemble Gabor functions. PMID- 6615919 TI - [Mechanism of the glutamate dehydrogenase reaction]. AB - The data concerning the chemical and kinetic mechanisms of the glutamate dehydrogenase reaction have been reviewed. Based on the differences between two catalytically active glutamate dehydrogenase conformations induced by the substrates as well as on some other evidence, it has been proposed that the amino groups of lysine residues 27 and 126 in the beef liver enzyme are interchangeable depending on the direction of the glutamate dehydrogenase reaction. PMID- 6615920 TI - [Do non-equilibrium reactions in the glucose-to-triose phosphate pathway exist in the liver?]. AB - The circadian changes in the contents of intermediates of the initial reactions of the glycolytic pathway in pigeon liver were studied. the concentrations of glucose, glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, fructose-1,6-diphosphate and triose phosphates were found to change synchronously, being maximal at the dark time and minimal during the light daytime. The glycogen content in the liver decreased steadily between 12.00 and 09.00. The diurnal variations in the concentrations of metabolite pairs (glucose and glucose-6-phosphate, glucose-6 phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate and fructose-1.6 diphosphate, fructose-1.6-diphosphate and triose phosphates) appeared to correlate significantly. The results obtained suggest that in the liver at least there are no limiting i. e. physiologically non-equilibrium reactions in the carbohydrate metabolic pathway from glucose to triose phosphates. PMID- 6615921 TI - [Peculiarities of the amino acid composition, spatial organization and interaction with DNA of histones H1 from calf thymus and carp spermatozoa]. AB - The amino acid composition of the H1-like histone isolated from carp spermatozoa (H1carp) is characterized by a high content of lysine (34.6%) and a low content of glycine (4.5%) as compared to that of its calf counterpart (H1calf). The Lys/Arg ratio is 21.6, which is much higher than that for the H1-like histones from other species spermatozoa (cf. echinodermata). It was shown that the fluorescence anisotropy and excitation spectra of histones H1carp and H1calf change synchronically. At the same time the final folding of the polypeptide chains of these histones within their ternary structure is different. These differences manifest themselves in a distinct quantum yield of both histones and different accessibility of the single tyrosine residue for fluorescence quenchers. In histone--DNA complexes the tyrosine fluorescence is quenched. An increase in the ionic strength gives rise to a formation of large-sized aggregates in a histone H1--DNA solution which contain structurally heterogenous histones H1 from different sources. Histone H1carp causes DNA aggregation at lower ionic strength values than its calf counterpart. The complexes are dissociated at 0.6 M NaCl. PMID- 6615922 TI - [Kinetics of the inhibition of mitochondrial monoamine oxidases A and B from rat liver by 1-(indolyl-3)isopropylmethylpropargylamine]. AB - The kinetics of inhibition of the activity of monoamine oxidases A (with 5 oxytryptamine as substrate) and B (with 2-phenylethylamine as substrate) from rat liver mitochondria by a new acetyleneamine, 1-(indolyl 3)isopropylmethylpropargylamine, was studied. It was shown that the inhibition of the both forms of monoamine oxidase results in formation of an intermediate dissociating enzyme--inhibitor complex which is further converted into an irreversibly blocked enzyme. The value of the dissociation constant, Ki, of the intermediate enzyme--inhibitor complex with 2-phenylethylamine as substrate is equal to 24 . 10(6) M, that with 5-oxytryptamine--to 0.09 . 10(-6) M. The values of the rate constants, K3, for the conversion of the enzyme--inhibitor complex into an irreversibly blocked enzyme in experiments with 2-phenylethylamine and 5 oxytryptamine were rather close, i. e. 0.06 and 0.05 min-1, respectively. The results obtained indicate that the selectivity and inhibition of the activity of monoamine oxidases A and B by propargylamine derivatives is manifested at the primary step of formation of dissociating intermediate enzyme--inhibitor complexes. PMID- 6615923 TI - [Inhibition of lipid peroxidation by superoxide dismutase and ceruloplasmin]. AB - Superoxide dismutase from erythrocytes and ceruloplasmin of serum inhibit the oxidation of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine solubilized by cholate. Both enzymes also inhibit the oxidation of liposomes prepared from phosphatidylcholine. Ceruloplasmin as a lipid peroxidation inhibitor, is by two orders of magnitude less effective than superoxide dismutase. However, ceruloplasmin can be considered as the main antioxidant system of serum because its concentration in the serum is high. An inclusion of ceruloplasmin and superoxide dismutase into the inner volume of liposomes was achieved. It was shown that the substrate of ceruloplasmin, N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p phenylenediamine, does not penetrate across the liposomal membranes. PMID- 6615924 TI - [The state of energy metabolism and lipid distribution in the livers of rats treated with phenobarbital and oil]. AB - The relationship between the energy state of adenine nucleotides, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, contents of long-chain acyl-CoAs in the liver and glycerolipid synthesis have been studied under different states of lipid metabolism. The "high fat" state which has been induced by intraperitoneal injections of corn oil was characterized by an increased level of the acyl-CoAs, inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation at the level of the adenine nucleotide carrier and by decreased phosphate potential values. An injection of phenobarbital alone produced only a weak effect on the acyl-CoA content in the liver or on the energy state of adenine nucleotides. However, when injected together with oil, phenobarbital abolished all the effects caused by oil injections. Studies on lipid distribution have demonstrated that in all the three metabolic models the synthesis of glycerolipids is enhanced, but the mechanisms of this increase are different. The role of long-chain acyl-CoAs in the integration of energy and lipid metabolism is discussed. PMID- 6615925 TI - [Degradation of 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA in the cytoplasm of rat liver cells after inhibition of protein synthesis]. AB - Inhibition of protein synthesis (up to 95%) in starved rat liver cells after a single injection of a sublethal dose of cycloheximide (0.3 mg per 100 g of body weight) results in degradation of 18S rRNA during the first 3 hours, whereas the 28S rRNA remains unaffected. However, the increase of 28S rRNA degradation products was observed by the 6th and 12th hours. The rapid decay of 18S rRNA is due to the degradation of this RNA in 40S ribosomal subunits. In contrast to 28S rRNA the specific radioactivity of 18S rRNA is increased by the 6th hour. Presumably the synthesis and processing of 18S rRNA impaired during the 1st hour are recovered partially or completely by this time. A molecular mechanism underlying 18S rRNA degradation in 40S ribosomal subunits is proposed. PMID- 6615926 TI - [Bacterial formate dehydrogenase. Substrate specificity and kinetic mechanism of S-formyl glutathione oxidation]. AB - The substrate specificity of NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenase from the methylotrophic bacterium Achromobacter parvulus T1 was studied. The kinetic mechanism of S-formyl glutathione oxidation was determined. The initial velocity studies and inhibition analysis were carried out. It was shown that the kinetic mechanism for the enzyme with S-formyl glutathione as a substrate is similar to that with formate and is rapid-equilibrium random. Using independent methods, it was found that formate dehydrogenase forms a binary complex with S-formyl glutathione (Kd = 2.5 mM). PMID- 6615927 TI - [High potential iron-sulfur protein from Thiocapsa roseopersicina]. AB - A high potential protein (HiPIP) containing a [4Fe-4S] cluster was obtained in a homogeneous state from the purple sulfur bacterium T. roseopersicina strain BBS. The EPR and absorption spectra are specific for this type of proteins. In the absorption spectrum the A283/A390 ratio equals to 2.25; Mr = 10 000, pI is 4.08, E0' = +328 mV. The reduced form of HiPIP was found to be more stable upon storage; T 1/2 is 40 min at 80 degrees C. HiPIP can be reduced by ascorbate, cysteine, 2-mercaptoethanol and sulfide as well as by formate, H2 and NADPH in the presence of corresponding enzymes. Chromatophores oxidize HiPIP in the light. This suggests that the latter takes part in the photosynthetic electron transfer chain of T. roseopersicina. PMID- 6615929 TI - [Energy-dependent inhibition of mitochondrial NAD.H-oxidase and succinic oxidase by strong nitrous bases]. AB - The inhibitory effect of organic cations from the group of hydrazones on phosphorylated respiration in mitochondria with a succinate as a substrate has been shown to be completely reversed by 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP). The effect observed has not been due to the action directly on the ATP-synthetase because the inhibition of ATPase, NADH-succinate oxidase and ascorbate oxidase activities occurs at a wide concentration range of compounds studied. The concentration of organic cations used for the inhibition of the respiration in submitochondria particles (SMP) as compared with respiration in mitochondria is higher; in case of SMP the inhibitory effect is not reversed by DNP. These results allow to conclude that the high inhibitory effect of organic cations is due to the energy dependent binding of these compounds to the enzyme in the membrane phase of mitochondria. PMID- 6615928 TI - [Kinetics of the development of the glucocorticoid effect on the thymus in adrenalectomized rats]. AB - It was shown that the kinetics of distribution of cortisol and the synthetic glucocorticoid triamcinolone acetonide in the subcellular fractions of rat thymus after a single injection of subphysiological doses of the hormones is identical. Extraction of the nuclear fraction by 0.4 and 2 M NaCl did not reveal any differences in the mode of the hormone interactions with the nuclear acceptor sites. A single injection of triamcinolone acetonide resulted in inhibition of the precursor incorporation into DNA after 8 hours. This effect was dependent on the type and concentration of the precursor as well as on the steroid dose. The inhibiting effect of glucocorticoids is a specific one; progesterone injected under identical conditions did not affect the precursor incorporation into DNA. The inhibition of thymidine incorporation into DNA was paralleled with a drop in the thymidine kinase activity in thymus cytosol. The inhibiting effect of triamcinolone acetonide on thymidine incorporation into thymus DNA is not due to the changes in the trapping and intracellular pool of thymidine phosphates. PMID- 6615930 TI - [Chromatin protein metabolism and phosphorylation in the cells of different parts of the brain and liver in rats under normal conditions and under motor load]. AB - The relationship of intensive motional load with quantitative changes of the synthesis processes and phosphorylation in chromatin peptide fractions of varied polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic mobility from different rat brain structures and liver has been investigated. It has been established that the functional influences change not only the velocity of metabolism and phosphorylation but also the pattern of chromatin protein distribution. The new low molecular peptides differing in their electrophoretical mobility appear in chromatin of liver and neocortical neurons. The changes of the synthesis processes and phosphorylation typical of some fractions of the cerebral chromatin are variable and not so important as in the case of cytoplasmic proteins. The velocity of synthesis of the most proteins studied and the phosphorylation rate of some proteins increase in the neocortical neurones. The phosphorylation rate of separate low molecular peptides increases in the glial cells. PMID- 6615931 TI - [Laser Doppler spectroscopy of biological objects]. AB - Laser Doppler spectroscopy permits to investigate the velocity distribution of the biological objects either single cells or ensembles. The main principles of laser Doppler spectroscopy and its practical application connected with the spectral correlation dependence of biological objects have been studied. PMID- 6615932 TI - [Behavior of the cell center in the distribution of fibroblasts]. AB - In suspension state of murine embryo fibroblasts the long microtubules radiating from the cell centre disappear, but many short microtubules are found around the centrioles. The growth of long microtubules begins after the cell attachment to the substrate. The number of long microtubules increases and reaches the maximum in polarized fibroblasts. At the radial spreading stage the number of microtubules increases as moving off the centriole. This fact disagrees with the statement that all microtubules in the cell are connected with the cell centre, but agrees with the hypothesis of the conveyor microtubule assembly. After the cell attachment to the substrate the centrioles move to the part of the cell facing the substrate. At the radial spreading stage the active centrioles are settled down mainly perpendicular to the plane of the substrate. Such orientation is kept after the treatment of the radially spread cells with cytochalasin B and disappears after disruption of microtubules by colcemid. It is supposed that the orientation of the active centrioles perpendicular to the substrate is connected with the formation of long microtubules during the process of spreading of fibroblasts. PMID- 6615934 TI - [Gene mutations, chromosome aberrations and survival after the x-ray irradiation of a Chinese hamster cell culture protected by cysteamine]. AB - The protective effect of cysteamine against 6-thioguanine-resistance (TCr) mutations, chromosome aberrations and inactivation caused by X-ray in cultured cells of Chinese hamster (clone 431) has been studied. The dose-effect curves have been obtained under irradiation condition without protector and with it. Dose-modifying factor of 2 was calculated for chromosome aberrations and cells inactivation and 2,8 for TCr mutations. It is supposed that the cysteamine acts on the general mechanisms involved in damages realization which results in gene mutations, chromosome aberrations and cell inactivation. PMID- 6615933 TI - [Ratio of the phenotype frequencies of ABO blood groups in Nivkhi in various age groups]. AB - The different degree of the select stress over the blood groups ABO is expressed by the change of their ratio in the eldest generations and by the differential fertility. These two factors support constant ratio of the phenotypes in the total population of nivkhes of the Lower Amur and Sakhalin. PMID- 6615935 TI - Neurological and neuropsychological studies of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. AB - We studied 18 DSM-III diagnosed obsessive-compulsive disorder patients with the Halstead-Reitan Battery (HRB), EEGs, and CT scans. Results for the group as a whole were within the normal range; however two patients had abnormal EEGs and four showed average impairment ratings on the HRB high enough to suggest organic deficits. More than half of the subjects were impaired on the tactual performance test from the HRB suggesting a possible deficit in spatial perception. These data, however, do not define a single neuropsychological deficit nor do they replicate an earlier report of left frontal lobe dysfunction in obsessive compulsive disorder. Cerebral CT scans in ten patients, including all those with EEG and average impairment rating abnormalities, showed VBR, asymmetry, and sulcal prominence measures indistinguishable from a matched group of nonpsychiatric control subjects. PMID- 6615936 TI - Frontal and parietal electroencephalogram asymmetry in depressed and nondepressed subjects. AB - High vs. low scorers on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were compared on measures of resting EEG activation asymmetry from frontal and parietal brain regions. Depressed subjects showed greater relative right frontal activation compared with nondepressed subjects. Parietal asymmetry did not distinguish between the groups. These data support the hypothesis of right hemisphere hyperactivation in the frontal region of depressed individuals and are consistent with the growing body of literature which suggests that the left and right frontal regions may be differentially specialized for particular positive and negative affects. PMID- 6615937 TI - Psychiatry in China: some personal observations. PMID- 6615938 TI - Eye tracking dysfunction unrelated to clinical state and treatment with haloperidol. PMID- 6615939 TI - Effect of vasopressin on memory following electroconvulsive therapy. PMID- 6615940 TI - Chlordiazepoxide and urinary antidiuretic hormone. PMID- 6615941 TI - Functional hypoglycemia. PMID- 6615942 TI - Pituitary dwarfism and alcohol sensitivity. PMID- 6615943 TI - REM latency in depression: is there one best definition? AB - The concurrent validity of different definitions of REM latency has been tested by comparing the ability of each definition to discriminate between primary depressives (outpatients and inpatients) and normal controls. In outpatients the percentage of cases correctly identified ranged from 62.5% to 70.8%; in inpatients, from 64.6% to 70.8%. REM latency definitions with the least stringent sleep-onset criteria yielded the lowest specificity. In contrast, the range of sensitivities yielded by different definitions was narrower and not clearly affected by sleep-onset criterion or exclusion/inclusion of wakefulness between sleep onset and first REM period. Furthermore, different definitions of REM latency correlated equally well (p less than 0.01) with Hamilton depression ratings. The shorter REM latencies in both outpatients and inpatients were associated with a later time of NREM sleep onset than in controls, rather than with an earlier REM sleep-onset time. PMID- 6615944 TI - Effects of electroconvulsive therapy on mood, parkinsonism, and tardive dyskinesia in a depressed patient: ECT and dopamine systems. AB - A patient suffering from delusional depression, Parkinson's disease, and tardive dyskinesia (TD) exhibited a marked improvement in mood and parkinsonian symptoms following electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). In contrast, her TD symptoms worsened. The inverse relation between the intensity of TD symptoms on the one hand and the parkinsonian and depressive symptoms on the other is discussed with respect to ECT's effect on central dopaminergic systems. PMID- 6615945 TI - Platelet serotonin levels in schizophrenia: relationship to race and psychopathology. AB - To explore the possible role of serotonin (5-HT) in the etiology of schizophrenia, platelet 5-HT concentrations were determined in 41 schizophrenic (and schizoaffective, mainly schizophrenic) patients diagnosed by the RDC and 34 normal controls. There was a significant difference between the patient and control groups with the 16 paranoid, 11 undifferentiated, and 8 schizo-affective depressed patients having significantly higher mean platelet 5-HT concentrations than the controls. An analysis of variance considering the effect of race, sex, and diagnosis demonstrated a significant difference between black patients and black controls but no significant difference between white patients and white controls. Within the patient sample, platelet 5-HT concentrations were positively correlated with severity of auditory hallucinations (on the PSE) and negatively correlated with lack of insight (on the PSE) and conceptual disorganization (on the BPRS). In a subsample of 21 patients, there was no relationship between platelet 5-HT and CT findings of either enlarged ventricles or cortical atrophy. PMID- 6615946 TI - Four cases of reversion to abnormal dexamethasone suppression test response as indicator of clinical relapse: a preliminary report. PMID- 6615947 TI - Dopamine receptor supersensitivity and the chemoreceptor trigger zone. PMID- 6615948 TI - Platelet uptake of serotonin in ethanol intoxication: a preliminary study. PMID- 6615949 TI - Creatinine phosphokinase in acute psychosis. PMID- 6615950 TI - Schizophrenia, amino acids, and celiac disease. PMID- 6615951 TI - When words collide: orthographic and phonological interference during word processing. AB - The interaction between orthographic and phonological information was studied in two experiments by requiring subjects to match visually presented word pairs on the basis of their visual or rhyming similarity. Word pairs either rhymed and looked alike, rhymed but did not look alike, looked alike but did not rhyme, or did not rhyme and did not look alike. In Experiment 1 under rhyme matching, reaction time (RT) was markedly increased whenever there was a conflict between orthographic and phonological cues. Under visual matching, overall RT was shorter than rhyme matching, with visually similar rhyming and non-rhyming pairs producing equally rapid and short responses compared to the non-rhyming but visually different word pairs. Most subjects also responded slower to rhyming and visually different stimuli compared to word pairs that did no look alike or rhyme. Experiment 2 sought to specify the processing locus of these effects by recording event-related brain potentials (ERPs) under task conditions similar to the first experiment. The RT data essentially replicated the effects found in Experiment 1 for both matching tasks. The ERP data viewed in the context of these results suggested that the interaction of the orthographic and phonological codes begins at least at the stimulus comparison processing stage, but that the conflict may also contribute to delays in response selection. The results are discussed in terms of several current models of word processing. PMID- 6615952 TI - Microcomputer analysis of cortical power spectrum: calibration and correlates of behavioral artifacts. AB - Cortical power spectrum (CPS) is a quantitative estimate of EEG spectral power density. The CPS provides suitably precise data for quantification and statistical inference compared to the qualitative evaluation of EGG when interpreted by clinicians or researchers. In the past decade, the CPS has been applied to the studies of cognitive functions, memory, psi phenomena, speech laterality, and states of consciousness including coma, sleep, anesthesia, pathophysiology and pain state. However, few systematic evaluations of CPS methodology have been reported, rendering cross-laboratory comparisons difficult and external validity of experimental results uncertain. This report first describes a calibration procedure employing a microcomputer system for measuring the functional relationship between input signals and output cortical powers. Second, we examine controlled behavioral artifact effects on the CPS. The behavioral artifacts observed in the CPS can provide a measurement anchor for less ambiguous interpretation of CPS experiments conducted in clinical or laboratory settings. PMID- 6615953 TI - Force uncertainty of voluntary movement and human movement-related potentials. AB - Five movement related potentials, the Bereitschaftspotential (BP), the pre-motion positivity (PMP), the motor potential (MP), the first negative potential during the movement (N1) and the late positive component (LPC) were recorded from human subjects performing right index finger flexions under conditions when the resistive forces (70 N/cm or 10 N/cm) were predictable and when they were unpredictable. The BP was larger prior to the larger force in the certain condition. In the uncertain condition, the BP was similar to that associated with the larger force in the certain condition suggesting that the subjects tended to prepare for the heavy resistance when confronted with force uncertainty. The MP revealed enhanced negativity over the left parietal cortex when the force was unpredictable. The N1 was significantly larger during the high force movement, especially in the uncertain condition. The results support the view that pre movement compensation for force unpredictability does exist as reflected by the MP over the parietal areas. PMID- 6615955 TI - Stimulus information and habituation of the visual event related potential and the skin conductance reaction under task-relevance conditions. AB - The influence of information value of visual stimuli on habituation of event related potentials (ERPs) at Fz, Cz, Pz and Oz and of the skin conductance reaction (SRC) was investigated under task-relevance condition. An improved Wiener filter was used to reduce the number of stimulus presentations to estimate an ERP. Twenty-six subjects received two times a block of 36 stimulus presentations. Half of the subjects received a stimulus with a high information value in terms of complexity and then a stimulus with a low information value. The other half of the subjects received the reversed order. Wiener filtered ERPs and SCRs were determined over ensembles of six stimulus presentations. The habituation of the P300 component was restricted to the fronto-central leads, and was delayed when compared to the results of a former study (Woestenburg, Verbaten and Slangen, 1981b) where non-signal stimuli were used. Also information effects were noticed on these fronto-central leads, but not on the SCR. This reaction habituated as in the former non-signal study. The P300 at the parieto-occipital leads showed larger amplitudes than the fronto-central P300 and these components did not habituate. At the Oz lead early waves habituated and late waves increased during ensemble 1 to 6. PMID- 6615956 TI - Skin evaporative water loss (SE) and skin conductance (SC) under various psychophysiological conditions. AB - A procedure for measuring tonic and phasic reaction components of skin evaporative water loss (SE) on the basis of a capacitive measurement principle is developed and used in a psychophysiological study employing various stimulus conditions. SE and skin conductance (SC) are registered continuously to obtain comparative data of both biosignals for research concerning the underlying mechanisms of EDA. Results indicate that correlations of some phasic parameters of SC and SE prove to be rather high (up to 0.88), tonic parameters (the levels SCL and SEL), however, show less covariance (0.44). The intersituational discriminative efficiency of SC-parameters appears generally better than those of SE. SCL, as well as SEL, show the highest percentage of person variance. A rather high redundancy of the two biosignals, both taken from neighbouring areas of the right palm, has been found. An unexplicable residual may, however, lend some support to the notion of a partial independence of EDA from sweating. PMID- 6615954 TI - Event-related potentials during selective attention to speech sounds. AB - Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from subjects while they selectively attended to sequences of stop-consonant syllables or sequences of tone pips of different frequencies. The ERP difference waveforms that distinguished attended from unattended speech sounds were highly similar in morphology and scalp distribution to the difference waveforms elicited by the tone pips. These results suggest that the attention mechanisms brought into play when selecting complex phonetic stimuli for further analysis are similar to those engaged when selecting between tones of different frequencies, in contrast with previous theoretical interpretations. Latency differences observed between the attention-related ERPs to simple and complex stimuli were attributed to differences in the duration of processing that makes these stimulus features available to attention mechanisms. PMID- 6615958 TI - Are there permanent effects of night shift work on sleep? AB - The sleep structures, patterns and subjective evaluations of 50-60 year old nurses with varying amounts of night shift experience during their nursing careers were compared with the sleep of 50-60 year old females without night shift experience. Seven nurses had extensive prior night shift experience and were currently on night shift schedules, seven nurses had extensive night shift experience but were on current day schedules, five nurses, currently on day schedules, had had limited night shift experience. There were limited differences between the nurses on current day schedules and the non shift women. The current night shift scheduled nurses showed characteristic displaced sleep responses. It was concluded that there is little support for an hypothesis of a permanent effect of night shift work experience on subsequent sleep. PMID- 6615959 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the Second International Workshop on Respiratory Psychophysiology. Hamburg, 25-26 June, 1982. PMID- 6615957 TI - Phasic heart rate responses and cardiac cycle time in auditory choice reaction time. AB - This study investigated the cardiovascular-behavioral interaction under short and long stimulus interval conditions. In addition, the cardiovascular-behavioral interaction was studied as affected by cardiac cycle duration. Fourteen subjects performed a choice reaction time (RT) task employing a mixed speed-accuracy tradeoff design in which reactions were paced to coincide with a signal that occurs randomly at either 200 or 500 msec after the reaction stimulus. The preparatory interval between a warning stimulus and a lead-reaction stimulus complex was also varied (2 vs. 4.5 sec). Anticipatory deceleration occurred within the 4.5 sec interval but not in the 2 sec interval. The depth of anticipatory deceleration did not discriminate between fast and slow reactions; but an earlier shift from deceleration to acceleration was associated with fast reactions. The effect of stimulus timing relative to the R-wave of the electrocardiogram was also analysed. Meaningful stimuli tended to produce cardiac slowing as previously described in the literature. Early occurring stimuli prolong the cycle of their occurrence more than late occurring stimuli. The later prolong the subsequent cycle. Cardiac cycle time effects were absent for unattended stimuli. The results of anticipatory deceleration suggested that the depth of deceleration was regulated by time-uncertainty and speed-accuracy criterion. PMID- 6615960 TI - Factors affecting survival of frozen-thawed mouse embryos. AB - Optimization procedures were utilized to determine the levels of six factors thought to be important for survival and development of frozen and thawed 8-cell and blastocyst stage embryos from superovulated CD-1 and NMRI mice. For 8-cell embryos optimal values were estimated to be: 0.94 M dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); 9.7 min equilibration time; 1.6 degrees C/min cooling rate; -80 degrees C to stop slow cooling; 20 degrees C/min warming rate and 20 to 37 degrees C to dilute the DMSO. Blastocyst stage embryos showed optimal values when 1.54 M DMSO; 9.8 min equilibration time; 0.5 to 1.0 degree C/min cooling rate; -80 degrees C to stop slow cooling; 20 degrees C/min warming rate and 20 to 37 degrees C to dilute the DMSO were used. Only DMSO concentration and equilibration time to DMSO were found to have critical values within the ranges tested. To test survival in vivo of frozen-thawed 8-cell embryos from CD-1 mice and of frozen-thawed blastocysts from NMRI mice, embryos were frozen and thawed using optimal conditions, cultured for 24 h and transferred to pseudopregnant recipients. Forty-four percent of the frozen-thawed 8-cell embryos and 58% of the nonfrozen embryos developed into viable fetuses. The percentage of viable fetuses for the blastocyst stage was 37% for frozen-thawed embryos and 44% for nonfrozen embryos. PMID- 6615961 TI - Serotonin-induced disruption of implantation in the rat: II. Suppression of decidualization. AB - Subcutaneous injection of serotonin (20 mg/kg) on Day 5 of pregnancy disrupts implantation in the rat as indicated by the reduction in number of live fetuses/cornu present on Day 19 (0.9 vs. 6.1, treated vs. control). Such disruption of implantation possibly results from impaired decidualization. To test for suppression of decidualization, serotonin was administered to pseudopregnant rats on the day before, on (Day 4) or after artificial induction of the decidual cell reaction. Relative to saline-treated controls (C), serotonin (S) reduced decidualization when injected either before [C: 1987 +/- 130 vs. S: 1085 +/- 155 mg (Day 3); P less than 0.005] or after [C: 1987 +/- 130 vs. S: 173 +/- 8 mg (Day 5); P less than 0.001] administration of the deciduogenic stimulus. In addition, serotonin markedly decreased uterine blood flow (C: 0.47 +/- 0.05 vs. S: 0.25 +/- 0.06 ml/min per g; P less than 0.01) during pseudopregnancy. However, serotonin altered neither the duration of luteal function in pseudopregnant rats (C: 15.3 vs. S: 14.3 days) nor serum progesterone levels (C: 74-91 vs. S: 53-82 ng/ml) in pregnant animals. It is concluded that serotonin may disrupt implantation, in part, by suppression of decidualization. The loss of endometrial competence to undergo decidualization appears to be a consequence of serotonin-induced uterine ischemia rather than impaired corpus luteum activity. PMID- 6615962 TI - Genetic and litter size effects on serum placental lactogen in the mouse. AB - Placental lactogen (PL) and progesterone are important hormones of pregnancy in the mouse. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of genetic differences and litter size on serum PL levels in the mouse. Serum progesterone levels were also measured in some experiments. Two features of serum PL levels under genetic control were identified: 1) the gestational profile of serum PL and 2) absolute serum PL levels. Breeding combinations that resulted in profound effects on serum PL levels were without significant affect on serum progesterone levels. Serum concentrations of PL and progesterone were directly proportional to litter size. Conceptus number was found to significantly affect ovarian progesterone release. The presence of uterine tissue antagonized the luteotropic actions of the conceptus but did not affect serum PL levels. PMID- 6615963 TI - In vitro maturation and fertilization of bovine oocytes are temperature-dependent processes. AB - Effects of temperature on bovine sperm acrosome reaction, oocyte maturation, hyaluronic acid production by cumulus cells and in vitro fertilization were studied. Viability and a true acrosome reaction of bovine spermatozoa were impaired at 40 degrees C. Temperatures lower than 35 degrees C did not enhance the acrosome reaction. However, viability between 30 degrees C-38 degrees C was not altered after 22 h of incubation. The optimal temperature for the acrosome reaction was 38 degrees C. Labeled glucosamine incorporation into glycosaminoglycans was not different among temperatures of 35 degrees C, 37 degrees C or 39 degrees C, whereas 41 degrees C caused a significant reduction (P less than 0.02). Temperatures ranging between 35 degrees C-39 degrees C had no deleterious effects on resumption and completion of meiosis, but at 41 degrees C the frequency of oocytes that progressed to Metaphase II was significantly reduced (P less than 0.0001). Ova matured at 39 degrees C had significantly higher rates of fertilization than at 35 degrees C, 37 degrees C, or 41 degrees C. Killed spermatozoa (control) had no effect on ovum activation at 39 degrees C. From these results it was concluded that events occurring prior to and during fertilization are temperature sensitive. PMID- 6615964 TI - Hyperprolactinemia enhances ovarian estrogen responsiveness to gonadotropins in prepubertal rats: antagonistic effect of adrenalectomy. AB - Hyperprolactinemia (HP) induced in female rats by dopaminergic receptor blockers enhanced ovarian estradiol (E2) release in response to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or human follicle-stimulating hormone (hFSH) in vitro. Uterine weight and ovarian aromatase activity were also increased. In contrast, ovarian androgen (A) release in response to hCG was reduced. Injections of ovine prolactin (oPrl) also enhanced E2 response to hCG in vitro. The increased E2 response was not due to a direct effect of Prl on ovarian aromatase activity since administration of oPrl to hypophysectomized rats failed to enhance the formation of E2 from testosterone (T) in vitro, and inhibited the increase in the enzyme activity induced by FSH. Adrenalectomy (ADRX) of intact rats, which did not affect mean serum gonadotropin levels, blunted the effect of HP on the E2 response to hCG. The suppression was partially reversed by corticosterone (B). Serum progesterone (P) and T were similar in controls and HP-ovariectomized (OVX) rats with intact adrenals. Likewise, serum androstenedione (delta 4) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) were not altered in intact, HP rats as compared with controls. Thus, an increase in adrenal secretion of these steroids does not appear to mediate the effect of Prl on ovarian E2 response to gonadotropins. Ovaries of HP rats showed more large follicles than controls. In contrast, ovaries of HP-ADRX rats had a decreased number of large follicles. It is suggested that: a) in intact prepubertal rats Prl increases the E2 response of the ovary to gonadotropins by facilitating follicular development rather than by a direct action on aromatase activity, and b) when follicular development is stimulated by FSH, an inhibitory effect of Prl on aromatase activity becomes apparent. The effect of Prl on the E2 response of the ovary to gonadotropins is not mediated by the adrenal cortex. Rather, it appears that while Prl facilitates the development of large, E2-producing follicles by promoting the growth of small and medium-sized follicles, an adrenal component influences follicular growth at a step subsequent to Prl. PMID- 6615965 TI - Genetic susceptibility to testicular autoimmunity: comparison between postthymectomy and postvasectomy models in mice. AB - The genetic susceptibility was compared in six mouse strains to both postthymectomy (post-Tx) autoimmune orchitis, induced by thymectomy at Day 3, and postvasectomy (post-Vx) autoimmune testicular lesions, induced by bilateral vasectomy with ligation at 2 months of age. Results from mice examined at 4 months of age showed that the strain distribution of the post-Vx testicular lesion was similar to that of post-Tx orchitis. The SWR/J strain was susceptible, the DBA/1J, C57L/J, BALB/cJ and probably C57BL/10J strains were resistant, and the A/J strain was intermediate. Anti-sperm antibodies (IgG) were produced to varying degrees in all strains of vasectomized mice irrespective of the testicular lesion. Neither the development of the testicular lesion nor antibody formation was associated with the particular H-2 haplotypes of mice in either system. Neonatal thymectomy significantly enhanced anti-sperm antibody formation in the post-Vx system and resulted in a mild testicular atrophy in a resistant strain BALB/cBy. All these data suggest that a gene(s) outside the major histocompatibility complex may determine the genetic susceptibility to testicular autoimmunity, possibly at the testicular level. PMID- 6615966 TI - Further quantification of human spermatogenesis: germ cell loss during postprophase of meiosis and its relationship to daily sperm production. AB - Potential daily sperm production per gram of testicular parenchyma (PDSP/g) based on pachytene plus diplotene primary spermatocytes was determined by two methods for 10 men aged 26 to 53 years and compared with published daily sperm production per gram parenchyma (DSP/g) based on round spermatid nuclei for these same men. The PDSP/g based on primary spermatocytes was similar (P greater than 0.05) whether determined by histometric analysis (10.0 +/- 1.1 X 10(6] or from homogenates of parenchyma (10.4 +/- 1.0 X 10(6]. When PDSP/g values were compared to DSP/g (5.9 +/- 0.9 X 10(6) for the histometric or 5.5 +/- 0.8 X 10(6) for the homogenate method), 44.9 +/- 6.7% loss of potential sperm production during postprophase of meiosis was detected by the histometric approach and 48.3 +/- 7.9% loss by the homogenate method. Similar results were obtained when testes of 15 additional men aged 26 to 53 years were evaluated by the homogenate method; PDSP/g was 10.6 +/- 0.6 X 10(6), DSP/g was 5.8 +/- 0.5 X 10(6), and the loss during postprophase of meiosis was 45.3 +/- 4.4%. For all 25 men, DSP/g was significantly (P less than 0.01) correlated with PDSP/g (r = + 0.70) and with the percentage loss of potential sperm production during postprophase of meiosis (r = 0.86). Over 73% of the variation in DSP/g could be attributed to variation in the percentage loss during postprophase of meiosis. Whether faulty meiotic divisions and/or degenerating secondary spermatocytes were responsible, almost half of the potential sperm production in these 25 men was lost during postprophase of meiosis. PMID- 6615967 TI - Effects of cadmium chloride on ovulation and on induction of sterility in the female golden hamster. AB - The effects of single subcutaneous injections of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) on ovulation, egg transport and early pregnancy in the golden hamster were studied. While a single dose of 1.25 or 2.5 mg/kg of CdCl2 imposed none to marginal effects, hamsters treated with 5 or 10 mg/kg CdCl2 experienced a period of sterility ranging from 11-69 (5 mg/kg) or 46-71 (10 mg/kg) days, followed by a normal pregnancy. Administration of CdCl2 also induced ovulation inhibition which was dose-and time-dependent. A minimum dose of 5 mg/kg CdCl2 was needed to inhibit ovulation. When CdCl2 was given closer to the time of the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge on the day of proestrus, a more pronounced effect on ovulation was recorded. The incidence of failure of ovulation was associated with decreased progesterone levels in serum and inflammation, hemorrhages and necrosis in the ovary. However, the ovarian lesions lasted less than 4 days. The results indicate that CdCl2 inhibits ovulation when administered close to the time of ovulation, whereas its influence on pregnancy is pronounced but temporary. PMID- 6615968 TI - Identification of stage-specific proteins synthesized by rat seminiferous tubules. AB - Experiments were conducted to determine how the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium influenced synthesis and secretion of proteins by seminiferous tubules. Tubular segments were treated with collagenase and then cultured with [35S]methionine. These myoid cell-depleted tubules isolated from different stages of the epithelial cycle exhibited, at Stages VI and XII, two distinct peaks of secretion of total radiolabeled proteins. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis indicated that the patterns of secreted proteins from these two stages were remarkably different, while those from other stages were intermediate between those at the peaks. At least 15 proteins were secreted cyclically, many of them previously unrecognized products of the seminiferous epithelium. One product, designated Cyclic Protein-2 (CP-2), exhibited a pronounced cycle of secretion, its peak at Stage VI being 30-fold greater than at its nadir at Stages XII-XIV. Further investigation indicated that CP-2 did not appear to originate from myoid cells or dispersed germ cells but could be recovered from Sertoli cell-enriched cultures prepared from Stage VI tubules. Protein secretion by tubular segments was also characterized by immunoprecipitation with two polyspecific antisera directed against Sertoli cell products. Five secretory proteins were identified which had cycles different from one another and from CP-2. In contrast to secreted products, the synthesis of most cellular proteins by tubular segments remained relatively constant throughout the cycle. It is concluded: 1) segments of the seminiferous epithelium secrete proteins into the culture medium which are distinct from cellular proteins; 2) the synthesis of many of these proteins varies with the epithelial cycle; and 3) several of the secreted proteins are of Sertoli cell origin, including a newly identified protein, CP-2. This indicates that the morphology and the protein synthetic capacity of the seminiferous epithelium are coordinated over space and time. PMID- 6615969 TI - Relationship between the level of estrone sulfate in the plasma and the number of fetuses during pregnancy in the gilt. AB - Estrone sulfate was measured in the plasma of pregnant and nonpregnant gilts between Days 10 and 32 after estrus. Estrone sulfate was found to rise sharply in pregnant gilts beginning at Day 18 and to decline at Day 30 to Day 32. Estrone levels were not related to litter size. The level of estrone sulfate on Days 20, 22, 24 and 26 was significantly correlated with litter size at slaughter on Day 32. Reduction of the number of live fetuses by crushing them in utero at Day 40 or between Days 30 to 60 did not cause a subsequent reduction in the level of estrone sulfate, whereas reduction at Day 24 did cause a decline in estrone sulfate. The level of estrone sulfate in plasma of gilts at 20 to 28 days after mating was higher in pregnant than in nonpregnant gilts. The relative level of estrone sulfate would enable one to estimate litter size at Days 20 to 28 days but not later. Because of the limitations of the assay in exact quantitation of the levels of estrone sulfate, the results can only be considered qualitative. PMID- 6615971 TI - Ambient temperature and reproductive success in rodents living at different latitudes. AB - The concern of this research was with the susceptibility of rodent reproduction to latitudinal acclimatization. More specifically, the relationship between ambient temperature and reproductive success was examined in house mice and deer mice whose ancestors had been trapped in northern versus southern climates (Alberta vs. Texas). Third generation adults of each of these four populations were paired and challenged to breed at -6 degrees, 3 degrees, 23 degrees or 34 degrees C. A 50-day period of gradual temperature adaptation preceded pairing. House mice, regardless of their geographic origin, were found to be relatively insensitive to extreme temperatures. Many pairs of both the Alberta and Texas stocks of this species still produced offspring when maintained at the experimental extremes of -6 degrees and 34 degrees C. In marked contrast, both northern and southern deer mice exhibited relatively narrow temperature ranges within which maximum breeding occurred: -6 degrees to 3 degrees for Texas deer mice and only at 23 degrees C for Alberta deer mice. Thus there is no evidence in either species that reproduction is either less sensitive to cold in northern latitudes or less sensitive to heat in southern latitudes; indeed, somewhat the reverse situation exists in deer mice. Evolutionarily, latitudinal considerations seem to have been of secondary rather than of primary importance in shaping the relationship between ambient temperature and reproduction in these two species. PMID- 6615970 TI - Effect of pinealectomy on seasonal changes in antler growth and concentrations of testosterone and prolactin in white-tailed deer. AB - A 2-year study was conducted to determine under controlled conditions the role of the pineal gland in regulating the seasonal changes in antler growth and reproduction of male white-tailed deer. Blood samples were drawn from 6 pinealectomized (PX) and 18 control (C) deer at intervals of 2 weeks and analyzed for testosterone (T) and prolactin (Prl). Relative scrotal circumference and main beam antler length were recorded. Relative scrotal circumference was similar in PX and C groups, but the normal pattern was delayed 1 to 3 months in the PX deer relative to the C deer. The mean dates of beginning antler growth, velvet shedding, antler casting and pelage changes were significantly later in both years for PX deer than in C deer. Testosterone concentrations peaked 1 month later in the PX deer than in the C deer for both yearling and 2-year-old deer. Prl concentrations in C deer, but not in PX deer, were correlated highly with day length, and the PX deer were delayed relative to the C deer in showing the normal Prl pattern. Increasing levels of Prl in both groups coincided with beginning antler growth in both years. These results indicate that the pineal gland does not originate the seasonal cycles of male white-tailed deer but may synchronize cycles among individual deer, and regulate the circannual rhythm of Prl concentrations which may in turn influence other hormonal cycles. PMID- 6615972 TI - Decline in male mouse pheromone with age. AB - An age-related decline in urinary-borne pheromone was found in male C57BL/6J mice aged from 2 to 30 months. Pheromone activity, estimated by bioassay, declined sharply after about 10 months of age. Two other strains of mice tested (DBA/2J and CBA/HT6J) also appeared to show an age-related decline in pheromone activity. Within each strain, however, pheromone activity was consistently similar to or higher than that of the C57BL/6J male mice. The DBA/2J and BALB/cWt strains appeared to be high pheromone producers, and the C57BL/6J and CBA/HT6J strains, low producers. This report is the first demonstration of a decline with age in male mouse pheromone activity. This decline appears to be synchronized with the well-defined loss of reproductive function in female mice. PMID- 6615973 TI - Endocrine changes in the incubating and brooding turkey hen. AB - Turkey hens were allowed to incubate eggs and to hatch and rear young. Plasma prolactin (Prl) levels increased prior to the start of continuous incubation and rose sharply as incubation progressed to reach a peak of 1178.2 +/- 221.8 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM) just before hatching. Prl levels then fell precipitously before the hens left the nest, and returned to preincubation levels (36.8 +/- 3.4 ng/ml) by the time the poults were 2 weeks old. These results show that the high plasma concentrations of Prl found during incubation are not initiated or maintained only by the stimulus of nesting. We suggest that the decline in Prl levels at the end of incubation could be related to the pipping and hatching of eggs, and the consequent shift to maternal behavior. Plasma growth hormone (GH) levels were significantly increased in hens which were brooding poults, but not in hens incubating eggs. An elevenfold, 1-day increase in plasma GH was observed immediately after the hens left the nests. Mean plasma GH levels rose from 12.0 +/- 4.7 ng/ml on the day that the hens left the nests to 133.0 +/- 32.0 ng/ml on the following day, and then declined to 23.1 +/- 9.6 ng/ml after an additional day. There were no significant changes in plasma thyroxine levels during laying, incubation and brooding. Plasma glucose concentration was significantly depressed during incubation. PMID- 6615974 TI - Failure of one design of surface replacement knee arthroplasty due to loosening deformation and wear of the plastic femoral component. AB - Twenty four knee prosthesis femoral and tibial components of the 'load angle inlay' design, removed for loosening and pain were examined in the scanning electron microscope, light microscope, and volume loss measured using a simple gauge. In all cases the deformation of the plastic (femoral) component was seen both by increase in the curvature of the inner surface and wear usually on the edge of the bearing surface. Two pairs were subluxed prior to removal from the patient and these not only produced gross deformation of the plastic components, but maximum volume loss of the components examined; the knees exhibited gross instability. The tibial (metal) components stood up remarkably well in all cases, both in wear and deformation which was minimal but sinking and rotation of the plateau did occur for the most part on the external side. Scratch patterns seen on the tibial components were clearly seen and gave an indication of the direction and amount of sliding between the components; in some cases these scratch lines were in more than one direction probably indicative of loosening and instability. Short deep scratches were usually indicative of bone and/or cement particles embedded in the plastic components, abrasive wear was seen on 92 per cent of the femoral components, and cracks were seen on two-thirds, usually parallel and close to the sides. PMID- 6615975 TI - The synovial response to intra-articular Co-Cr-Mo particles in guinea pigs. AB - The histology and cytology of the tissue response to an intra-articular insertion of Co-Cr-Mo particles has been studied in the guinea pig knee joint. Following insertion, particles became incorporated into synovial tissue in two ways: (A) by incorporation in the intimal (surface) cell layer; (B) by growth of granulation tissue into metal-containing debris initially adherent to the synovial surface, leading to its incorporation in the subintimal tissue (i.e. beneath the surface), with subintimal fibrosis. Small particles of Co-Cr-Mo were phagocytosed by intimal cells, macrophages, multinucleate giant cells (macrophage polykaryons) and fibroblasts; large particles remained extracellular. Metal particles persisted in the synovial fluid, intimal cell layer and subintimal tissue for many months after metal insertion. As an unexpected finding, no zones of tissue necrosis were observed in the long-term (3 months to 1 year) response to Co-Cr-Mo particles incorporated in subintimal tissue. Lymphatic transport of metal particles from the knee area to inguinal lymph nodes was observed. PMID- 6615976 TI - Serum concentrations of chromium, cobalt and nickel after total hip replacement: a six month study. AB - Serum specimens were obtained from 15 patients before undergoing conventional total hip replacement and for periods of up to six months postoperatively. The specimens were analysed for chromium, cobalt and nickel by electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy. Serum chromium levels were found to rise to a pronounced postoperative peak and then diminish, although not falling to normal mean levels by six months. Serum cobalt levels either remained the same or decreased while serum nickel levels began to rise two to six weeks after surgery. These results are significant in that serum metal concentration changes have been reported for patients receiving metal-on-metal implants but not for patients with metal-on polymer total hip implants of more modern designs. PMID- 6615977 TI - Histological investigation of the effect of a controlled-released anti inflammatory drug on exposed inflamed dog pulps. AB - The effect of controlled release of the antipholgistic benzydamine hydrochloride (Tantum), from two carriers, Cavit W and Durelon, on inflammatory and necrotic tissue changes was investigated on intentionally inflamed pulps of dogs. Statistical tests to detect differences in biocompatibility between Cavit and Durelon, both without drug, led to the conclusion of a similar biocompatibility as determined after 2 and 7 days. Benzydamine hydrochloride appeared to reduce necrosis during the period from 2-7 days slightly with Cavit as carrier and substantially with Durelon as carrier. However, in the latter case necrosis was enhanced after 2 days. During the same period inflammatory reaction was decreased at 10% level of significance by Durelon containing benzydamine hydrochloride. It was decreased significantly after 2 days with Cavit as carrier. Controlled release of benzydamine hydrochloride from Cavit or Durelon which was placed on an exposed inflamed pulp was effective in reducing inflammatory reaction and necrosis. PMID- 6615978 TI - Ocular inserts for controlled release of antibiotics. AB - Ocular inserts impregnated with antibiotics (erythromycin and erythromycin estolate) which have sustained release characteristics were prepared, mainly for the purpose of trachoma therapy. In vitro experiments showed that the elution rate of a drug with low solubility in water (erythromycin estolate) is constant when the water content of the hydrogel insert is more than 30%. In the case of a drug with higher solubility (erythromycin), the elution rate depends on the water content. Some in vivo experiments using rabbit eyes were also reported. PMID- 6615979 TI - The action of cobalt, nickel and chromium on phagocytosis and bacterial killing by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes; its relevance to infection after total joint arthroplasty. AB - Infection after total joint arthroplasty is a serious clinical complication. The accumulation of metallic wear and corrosion products may cause a localized reduction in the defense process, which may be particularly relevant in the cause of late infections. This hypothesis has been tested by exposing human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) in vitro to cobalt, nickel and chromium at various concentrations. The ability of PMNs to phagocytose and kill Staphylococcus epidermidis was measured. Nickel and cobalt reduced the number of bacteria phagocytosed by about 50% at a concentration of 0.05 and 0.01 mumol ml-1 respectively over an 18 h incubation period. Neither metal affected the rate at which S. epidermidis was killed. Chromium had no effect. All metals were used at sub-toxic levels. PMID- 6615980 TI - Activation of complement C3 by different calcium phosphate powders. AB - The ability of different calcium phosphate to activate the complement system is studied by crossed immunoelectrophoresis demonstrating conversion of C3 to C3b. Complement consumption is determined by a haemolytic assay CH50. Hydroxyapatite powders after sintering induce a significant conversion of C3 and reduction of CH50 value. However the complement system is not activated by sintered tricalciumphosphate (beta-whitlockite). This is not related to the adsorption behaviour; it depends neither on chemical composition nor on crystal lattice. It is argued that C3 conversion is not triggered by the convertase of the classical pathway. PMID- 6615981 TI - In vitro corrosion study of porous metal fibre coatings for bone ingrowth. AB - As a first part of a biocompatibility testing programme, in vitro corrosion tests were carried out on porous stainless steel AISI 316L and titanium compacts made of 100 microns thick fibres. The present porous metal structures are used as coatings on permanent orthopaedic implants; with osseous tissue invading the pores, the implant becomes securely anchored to the surrounding bone. The results show that no inadvertent reactions occur with porous titanium. It can probably be used with no greater risk of localized electrochemical attack than the parent bulk material. PMID- 6615982 TI - Mineral alterations in senile osteoporosis. AB - This research investigates the occurrence of involutional processes of mineral transformation in elderly patients with clinical, radiographic and histological signs of senile osteoporosis. The decreased ability to withstand static and dynamic stresses proved to be associated either with the quantitative reduction in trabeculae or with the altered morphology of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals. This variation produces a non-homogeneous mineral distribution which leads to a substantial alteration of the system of the stress lines producing mechanical bone behaviour. This altered distribution in mineral density has been attributed to the dynamic loss of balance between osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity; this is believed to be a peculiarity of senile osteoporosis. PMID- 6615983 TI - Preparation and investigation of cross-linked copolymers containing antitumour agents. AB - Polymers with anti-tumour activity were prepared by reactions of the iso-propyl ester of p-bis(2-chloroethyl) aminophenylalanine with free aldehyde, epoxide and hydroxyl groups within macroporous cross-linked copolymers of either divinylbenzene and methacrylaldehyde, or glycidyl methacrylate and ethylene dimethacrylate, or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and ethylene dimethacrylate. For use as pharmacologically active compounds bonded on polymers, the chemical stability of the bond between these compounds and the polymer is of importance and for this reason an investigation was carried out on the course of the hydrolysis of azomethine compounds prepared by reactions between free aldehyde groups in copolymers of divinylbenzene and methacrylaldehyde with the iso-propyl ester of p-bis(2-chloroethyl) aminophenylalanine. The highest initial rate of hydrolysis was observed at the highest proton concentration. The testing in vivo of antitumour activity of the isopropyl ester of p-bis(2-chloroethyl) aminophenylalanine embedded within the cross-linked copolymer was carried out intraperitoneally on five experimental transplanted tumours. PMID- 6615984 TI - Structural peculiarities of block copolyurethanes with peptide links as rigid block extenders. AB - X-ray crystal analysis was performed on block copolyurethanes with peptide links as rigid block extenders. The increase in peptide link length was shown to improve the microphase separation of flexible and rigid segments. The influence of the isocyanate nature on phase separation conditions in the block copolyurethanes studied was established. The correlation between mechanical and temperature characteristics and peculiarities of the microphase structure was found. The latter seems especially important because of the dependence existing between the biodegradation tendency of the polyurethanes and their supermolecular organization. PMID- 6615985 TI - Does piezoceramic influence avian bone formation in the early postoperative phase? AB - Polarized and depolarized blocks of a piezoceramic composed of Pb (ZrTi)O3 are implanted in the diaphysis of the metatarsus of cocks. 15, 34, 55 and 84 days postoperatively, the implantation bed is histomorphologically examined, and the percentage of bone, osteoid and chondroid at the interface of the base and top area of the implants is morphometrically determined. The same types and the same amount of tissue develop with the same dynamics in the bed of polarized and depolarized piezoceramic. Therefore polarized piezoceramic has no positive influence on bone formation in the early postoperative phase. PMID- 6615986 TI - Heparin adsorbing capacities at physiological pH of three poly(amido-amine) resins, and of poly(amido-amine)-surface-grafted glass microspheres. AB - Three poly(amido-amine)s of similar structure in the form of highly hydrophilic crosslinked resins, have been prepared, and tested for their heparin-adsorbing capacity at physiological pH. They showed different capacities, and their capacities were related to their basicities. One of the same polymers was grafted on the surface of glass microspheres. After treatment, it was shown that the microspheres could adsorb significant amounts of heparin. In all cases most of the adsorbed heparin was hardly eluted with saline, plasma, or blood, but could be recovered by eluting with 0.1 M NaOH. The resins were found to have some haemolytic properties, but no haemolysis was observed with the grafted microspheres. PMID- 6615987 TI - Copper-inhibition of the growth of oral streptococci and actinomyces. AB - Copper ions were found to inhibit the rate of growth in broth culture of Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarious, Streptococcus sanguis, Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii. In all cases, 10(-3) M copper inhibited the rate of growth, whereas 10(-4) M and lower concentrations had little or no effect. At the concentrations used in mouthwashes one mode of action of copper ions is to reduce the rate of growth of oral bacteria in vitro. PMID- 6615988 TI - Effects of postcuring and water sorption on the mechanical properties of composite dental restorative materials. AB - Four commercial dental restorative composites with different filler contents, were tested for the effects of postcuring and water sorption on elastic modulus, compressive strength and ultimate strain. Large variations in mechanical properties were seen; water sorption plasticizes the matrix, causing loss of low molecular weight substances. PMID- 6615989 TI - Fifth University of California, Davis, Biomedical Engineering Symposium. October 21 and 22, 1982. PMID- 6615990 TI - The use of the mouse peritoneal cavity for screening for biocompatibility of polymers. AB - The mouse peritoneal cavity was evaluated as a possible model for the preliminary screening of polymeric implant materials. The phagocytic cells of the cavity were stimulated prior to implant insertion by intraperitoneal injection of thioglycollate, glycogen, or sodium caseinate. Small, cylindrical polymeric implants of polyethylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, silicone, nylon-12, ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, and polyethylene-silicone blend, were inserted and then retrieved at 1, 2, and 3 week intervals. The implants with attached cells were subsequently stained and evaluated as to the amount and type of cellular adherence. Results indicate that cell adherence varies according to the type of material used and therefore the mouse peritoneal cavity is a rapid and inexpensive method to evaluate cellular response to polymeric implant materials. PMID- 6615991 TI - XPS analysis of 316 LVM corroded in serum and saline. AB - Surface chemical analysis by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was undertaken on 316 LVM stainless steel in the attempt to better understand corrosion occurring in vivo. Samples were dipped in saline or in blood serum, corroded in serum or saline by the application of a 5 volt anodic potential, or corroded by fretting. The products produced by fretting corrosion were also examined. XPS analysis revealed rapid protein coating of the stainless steel surfaces exposed to serum, changes in the oxidation state of the surfaces, and changes in the chlorine on the surface. In addition it was demonstrated that the corrosion products generated by fretting in saline had an oxidation state similar to that of chronic chloride whereas the corrosion products generated in serum had an oxidation state similar to that of potassium dichromate. These findings may have important implications since the chromium in dichromate is more biologically active than that in chronic chloride. PMID- 6615992 TI - Analysis of residual stress in failed T-28 femoral stems. AB - Retrieved stainless steel (Type 316L) T-28 femoral stems occasionally exhibit cracks on the medial surface. Since this region is loaded in compression during gait, a simple fatigue fracture explanation is not sufficient to account for these cracks. It has been suggested that they are related to residual stress. It is known that residual stress can contribute a large part of the strain energy near a crack tip. Four failed T-28 femoral stems have been analyzed after surgical retrieval. All of them had multiple visible cracks on the medial side in the region 2-5 cm distal to the calcar collar. All had failed by transverse fractures connecting with a crack on the medial side. These stems have been examined for residual stress by x-ray diffraction methods; significant levels of residual stress were found to be present in the sections tested. Stresses in the transverse direction (medial to lateral) were found to be strongly tensile near the lateral edge and changed to compressive near the medial edge. The area in the center of the sections was found to have nearly zero residual stress. PMID- 6615993 TI - Effect of healing on small internal diameter arterial graft compliance. AB - Porosity is an essential component for long term function of small internal diameter synthetic vascular prostheses. Theoretically, porosity is required for healing by providing a scaffold for ingrowth of periprosthetic tissues. Porosity may be required for transfer of fluids and ions in prostheses even if tissue ingrowth does not occur. Increased permeability of vascular grafts has been shown to enhance tissue incorporation. Implants with pore sizes greater than 10 microns but less than 45 microns become ingrown with fibrohistiocytic tissue and capillaries. Implants with pore sizes greater than 45 microns are ingrown with organized fibrous tissue and minimal histiocytic response. The phenomenon of differential ingrowth may have important functional significance. Prostheses which heal with organized fibrous tissue have the potential for long term contracture, strangulation of vascularity and calcification. Fibrohistiocytic tissue has low mechanical strength and does not appear to contract or calcify. Elastomeric microporous vascular prostheses which are minimally ingrown or ingrown with fibrohistiocytic tissue maintain compliance after months of implantation. This study was designated to determine the effects of healing on the compliance of small internal diameter vascular replacements and to correlate the compliance to patency rates. PMID- 6615994 TI - A comparison of the mechanical properties of Simplex, Zimmer, and Zimmer low viscosity bone cements. AB - Many different methods have been used to compare polymethylmethacrylate bone cements. In this paper the three currently available cements were compared in regard to dough and set times, heat of polymerization, compressive, tensile, 3 and 4 point bending strengths, fracture toughness, flexural modulus, void density distribution, and viscosity. Methods used were ASTM designated for bone cement or plastics in general whenever possible. Significant differences in set and dough times and heat of polymerization were noted. All cements were equal in compressive, tensile, and fracture toughness testing; Zimmer Regular Cement was significantly weaker (p less than 0.001) in flexural testing and had a significantly (p less than 0.001) decreased modulus of elasticity when compared to LVC and Simplex Cements. Void density distributions were not significantly different. Viscosity was shown to vary between these cements as well. This data was analysed both to determine differences between various brands of cement and to assess the relevance to clinical use and failure modes in vivo of these different means of testing. PMID- 6615995 TI - Determination of femoral head containment during gait. AB - Using three-dimensional gait data, a mathematical model of the proximal femur was developed that will predict the loading conditions in the child's hip joint during walking. The model is based on knowledge of rim coordinates of the acetabulum, and consists of rotating unit vectors emanating from the center of the epiphysis. The results will be used in a variety of three-dimensional stress analyses of the femoral head in Legg-Perthes disease (a disorder of femoral head collapse). PMID- 6615996 TI - A new femoral component design based on the trabecular systems of the proximal femur. AB - This investigation presents a new design of the femoral component used in total hip arthroplasty. The design utilizes a tensile component which screws into the femoral stem from the lateral side of the femur. The potential advantages of utilizing such a component are 1) PMMA cement may be not needed to hold the implant in place, 2) better stress distribution in the region of the greater trochanter is achieved, 3) reduced stress levels in the implant, and 4) the femoral stem may be shortened to reduce the amount of reaming required. Two dimensional, plane stress finite element models of the proximal end of a normal femur, a femur with the new implant design, and a femur with a control Charnley Cobra femoral component were developed. Loads simulating a one-legged stance were applied on the models. The normal and shear stresses, the octehedral shearing stress and the directions of principal stress were calculated for comparison with the normal femur. There was distinct improvement in bone stress distribution for the femur with the experimental implant as compared to the femur with the control prosthesis. The stress concentration normally observed in the mid-shaft area of the Charnley femoral stem was also not seen in the new design. PMID- 6615997 TI - Movement of polymorphonuclear leukocytes: an elastimetry analysis. AB - By utilizing the technique of cell elastimetry, which measures the negative pressure required to aspirate human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) into a micropipette, a correlation between PMN deformability and cellular movement is confirmed. The effects of the synthetic chemotactic peptide, N-formyl-methionyl leucyl-phenylalanine (f-met-leu-phe) on the deformability and chemotaxis of PMNs have been investigated, and a relationship between peptide concentrations and PMN deformability, which parallels the effects of the peptide on filter (chemotactic) studies, has been established. Experimental evidences indicate that alterations in PMN deformability occur as a natural consequence of stimulation of PMNs with a chemoattractant and that cellular deformation is a prerequisite to PMN movement. Introduction of this analytical technique into the study of PMN movement disorders has already yielded significant insights which implicate a membrane associated abnormality intrinsic to the impaired motility of neonatal PMNs. This technique can, therefore, serve to provide a sensitive probe with which to dissect the various perturbations of PMN dysfunction. Cell elastimetry can also be utilized to generate quantitative information on mechanical and deformability properties of PMNs; such information is needed for the establishment of a rheological model (for PMNs) which can assist the analysis of almost every functional problem involving PMNs. PMID- 6615998 TI - Thrombogenicity and the interaction of proteins, platelets and white cells. AB - Radioactive labeled protein and platelet studies suggest that an ideal vascular surface absorbs albumin and prevents platelet adherence and aggregation. This study examines the interaction of serum and plasma proteins, white cells, and platelets in the thrombotic response to small internal diameter vascular prostheses. Thirty-seven replamineform silicone rubber vascular prostheses, 4 mm internal diameter and 6 cm length, had 5% aspirin and 5% theophylline by weight dispersed in a luminal coating (D); the remaining 37 control (C) prostheses had an identical silicone rubber coating without drugs. Scanning electron and darkfield microscopy confirmed similar surface topography in C and D grafts. One C and one D graft were studied in parallel using a modified canine arteriovenous fistula. Consistently, D prosthesis had increased bleeding through the graft wall. The 7 serum and 8 plasma experiments demonstrated greater accumulation on the D prostheses, the greatest deposition occurring within the first 30 minutes. In 8 platelet experiments, D grafts accumulated more radioactivity at both the 5 and 30 minute intervals. Six mononuclear and 8 PMN experiments had less accumulation on the D grafts at 15 minutes and no consistent difference at 60 minutes. Elution of C and D Grafts demonstrated significant drug levels in only the D grafts at the beginning of the experiments and after 15 minutes of exposure of blood. We conclude: (1) aspirin and theophylline have an effect on the initial interaction of plasma proteins, platelets and white cells in the thrombogenic response, (2) the effect diminishes as time released drug levels decrease. PMID- 6616000 TI - Elastooptic photon signal modulation in collagenic fiber optics of tendon. AB - In a test of a hypothesis of cell-to-cell communication via their endogeneous photon emissions, the nearly pure collagen fibers in tendon were found to exhibit the fiber optic property of axially conducting light, providing a mechanism for photon exchange between nonadjacent cells. Further, it was found that light penetrates farther along the tendon fibers when tension is applied to an end illuminated tendon, establishing that an elastooptic mechanism exists for the modulation of photon signals in transit between cells, in the hypothesized system of cell-to-cell photon communication. PMID- 6615999 TI - Metal allergy, metal implants and fracture healing. AB - The rabbit tibia was used as a model to study the effects of metal sensitivity reactions on the healing of fractures. Animals were injected with nickel chloride in Freund's complete adjuvant to cause sensitivity, and fractures were stabilized with 316L stainless steel intramedullary rods and followed for 16 weeks. A control group received no injections. The response was evaluated biomechanically with torsional testing at sacrifice, radiologically by examining the roentgenograms for evidence of loosening, and histologically. The results demonstrated a slight decrease in strength, a moderate increase in resorption and a significant decrease in cellularity and new bone formation in the sensitive animals as compared to control. These results are consistent with a reaction of comparatively short duration. PMID- 6616001 TI - Thermal characterization of electrosurgery. AB - The volumetric heating response of soft tissues to electrosurgical cutting and coagulation was studied. A series of experiments was conducted with thermistor probes embedded in a surrogate medium during controlled application of the electrosurgery current. A series of temperature profiles was obtained for various thermistor probe locations. These temperature profiles were found to be linear, exponential, or double exponential, depending upon the probe-incision distance. Temperatures next to the site of tissue destruction approached 70 degrees C, within 2 seconds of application of power. Temperature changes due to lateral heating were an order of magnitude greater than temperature changes directly under the incision. Anisotropic heat conduction was observed for muscle fibers oriented in different directions. PMID- 6616002 TI - Robust estimation in pulse fluorometry. A study of the method of moments and least squares. AB - Most laboratories use least-squares iterative reconvolution (LSIR) as a routine method for estimating decay parameters in pulse fluorometric data. It is shown here, however, that LSIR is very sensitive to small amounts of error in the data whenever two decays become too close to one another, or whenever analyses of three decays are attempted. In such cases, inferior methods of estimating integrals, small zero point shifts, or small errors in the measured exciting light will result in failures of least squares, where the method of moments, with moment index displacement and lambda invariance testing, will succeed. The method of moments is therefore robust with respect to such errors while least squares is not. PMID- 6616003 TI - Dependence of cellular potential on ionic concentrations. Data supporting a modification of the constant field equation. AB - The resting potential in the squid axon has been measured at various concentrations of Cl, K, Na, and Ca ions. The results of these measurements are compared with the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz (GHK) equation and a modified constant field equation. This modified equation was derived by including currents carried by divalent ions and the effects of the unstirred layer and the periaxonal space. It is shown that, although the GHK equation can fit the V vs. [K]o data well, it has difficulty explaining the observed dependence of V on [Na]o when the axon is bathed in K-free artificial sea water. The use of the modified constant field equation removes this difficulty. PMID- 6616005 TI - Pair distribution functions of bacteriorhodopsin and rhodopsin in model bilayers. AB - The pair distribution functions have been measured from freeze-fracture pictures of bacteriorhodopsin and rhodopsin recombinants with diacyl phosphatidylcholines (PC) of various hydrocarbon chain lengths. Pictures were used of samples that had been frozen from above the phase transition temperature of the lipid. Measured functions were compared with those calculated from two model interparticle potential energy functions, (a) a hard-disk repulsion only, and (b) a hard-disk repulsion plus electrostatic repulsion for a point charge buried in the membrane. The measured functions for bacteriorhodopsin di 12:0 PC, di 14:0 PC, and di 16:0 PC recombinants can be simulated using an interparticle hard-disk repulsion only. Bleached rhodopsin di 12:0 PC and di 18:1 trans-PC recombinants, and dark-adapted rhodopsin di 10:0 PC recombinants yield functions that are better simulated by assuming an additional repulsive interaction. The measured functions resemble those calculated using the hard-disk plus electrostatic repulsion model. The picture of dark-adapted rhodopsin in di 18:1 trans-PC frozen from 20 degrees C shows partial aggregation that is apparent in the measured pair distribution function. This attractive interaction persists even at 37 degrees C, where the measured function shows deviations from the hard-disk repulsive model, indicative of an attractive interparticle interaction. Implications of these results are discussed in terms of protein-lipid interactions. PMID- 6616004 TI - Fast diffusion along defects and corrugations in phospholipid P beta, liquid crystals. AB - The diffusion of a fluorescent lipid analogue in liquid crystals of the anisotropic P beta, phase of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) had been found to be highly variable, suggesting structural defect pathways. Fluorescence photobleaching recovery (FPR) experiments imply two effective diffusion pathways with coefficients differing by at least 100. This is consistent with fast diffusion along submicroscopic bands of disordered material ("defects") in the bilayer corrugations characteristic of this phase. Due to strains during transformation from the L alpha phase, the axis of the corrugations is ordinarily disrupted by mosaic patches rotationally disoriented within the mean plane of the molecular bilayers, although larger oriented domains are sometimes adventitiously aligned into microscopically visible striped textures. The corrugations are also systematically aligned along positive disclinations pairs or "oily streaks." Thus, fast diffusion occurs parallel to the disclination lines and along the textured stripes. FPR results yield an upper limit on the effective diffusion in the ordered material of D less than or equal to 2 X 10(-16) cm2/s at 22 degrees C, D less than or equal to 3 X 10(-17) cm2/s at 13 degrees C. In contrast the diffusion coefficient along defect pathways where disordered ribbons are aligned is D approximately 4 X 10(-11) cm2/s at 16 degrees C. PMID- 6616007 TI - Transepithelial transport in cell culture. A theoretical and experimental analysis of the biophysical properties of domes. AB - Dissociated cells of transporting epithelia, when cultured on an impermeant substratum, form polarized monolayers frequently characterized by the presence of domes. If the assumption is made that the monolayer exhibits a uniform stretch modulus of elasticity and tension of cell-dish adhesion, Ta, then biophysical properties of the epithelium can be predicted. We have shown that for such epithelia, domes should (a) have circular bases, (b) be sections of spheres with a constant height to radius, h/r, ratio, (c) have a dome-wall tension, Tw, that is constant, and (d) have a dome volume that is a function of radius alone. Additionally, a Laplace equation derived for this geometry predicted the hydrostatic pressure from within to outside domes as a decreasing function of radius alone. By microscopy, domes had predominantly circular bases and were found to be sections of spheres with a constant height, h, to radius, r, ratio of 0.684. Using the Laplace equation derived for this geometry and measurements of delta P and r, the tension of cell-dish adhesion, Ta, and dome-wall tension, Tw, were found to be constants of 6.60 and 7.08 torr, respectively. Combining the constants for Ta and h/r ratio, and the fact that domes are sections of spheres, delta P and dome volume were shown to be known functions of radius alone. In addition, the modulus of elasticity of the epithelium was calculated to be 4.82 X 10(3) dyn/cm2. PMID- 6616006 TI - A localized pattern photobleaching method for the concurrent analysis of rapid and slow diffusion processes. AB - A scanning pattern photobleaching method for the analysis of lateral transport is described and discussed. Fluorescence bleaching with a localized pattern allows for the concurrent analysis of motions over two very different characteristic distances: xi 0(-1), the repeat distance of the pattern, and W, the linear dimension of the illuminated region. The former motion is deduced from the decay of the modulation amplitude (of period xi 0(-1) of fluorescence scans with the attenuated pattern, the latter from the recovery of the average fluorescence intensity. Such analysis should prove useful for the study of samples with a wide range of diffusion coefficients, and for the separation of effects arising from lateral diffusion and association dynamics. Theoretical analyses are presented for three related problems: (a) the effect of pattern localization on the decay of the modulation amplitude, (b) the effect of the pattern modulation on the recovery of the average local fluorescence intensity, and (c) the effect of a limited diffusion space (with linear dimensions of only a few pattern periods) on the decay of the modulation amplitude. PMID- 6616008 TI - Spectroscopic discrimination of the three rhodopsinlike pigments in Halobacterium halobium membranes. AB - Membranes of Halobacterium halobium contain two photochemically reactive retinal pigments in addition to the proton pump bacteriorhodopsin. One, halorhodopsin, is also an electrogenic ion pump with a fast (on a scale of milliseconds) photoreaction cycle. The other, s-rhodopsin, is active in the same spectral region, but has a much slower photoreaction cycle (on a scale of seconds). S rhodopsin is not an electrogenic ion pump and its properties suggest it functions as the receptor pigment for phototaxis. All three pigments have very similar absorption spectra. The recent isolation of mutants deficient in both bacteriorhodopsin and halorhodopsin and in retinal synthesis has allowed us to resolve the absorption spectra of s-rhodopsin and halorhodopsin. At neutral pH s rhodopsin has an absorption maximum at 587 +/- 2 nm and halorhodopsin at 578 +/- 2 nm. At pH 10.8, lambda max for s-rhodopsin is shifted to 552 nm and extinction decreases slightly (15%) while halorhodopsin loses all extinction above 500 nm. Both effects are fully reversible and allow determination of the amounts of s rhodopsin and halorhodopsin in membrane preparations containing both pigments. Both pigments were present in earlier studies of H. halobium membranes, and in view of these findings, several observations must be reinterpreted. PMID- 6616009 TI - Investigations on the mechanism of photodynamic action of different psoralens with DNA. AB - Investigations on the photodynamic action of psoralens with DNA were performed, using experimental techniques of fluorescence lifetime and NMR-CIDNP, as well as SCF-MO and CNDO molecular orbital calculations. It has been shown that the formation of a biradical through the triplet state is the decisive step for psoralen dimer formation, as well as for cyclobutane addition with thymine, while singlet oxygen production is responsible for enzyme inactivation (e.g., lysozyme and trypsin). The molecular orbital calculations, in agreement with experimental results, indicate that the differences in biological effectivity of different psoralens are based on variations in triplet formation probability. PMID- 6616010 TI - NMR studies of a free and protected tetrapeptide glycyl-L-prolylglycylglycine in beta-turn-supporting environment. PMID- 6616011 TI - Proton NMR studies of partially modified retro- inverso peptides. PMID- 6616012 TI - Computer simulation of the conformational properties of retro-inverso peptides. I. Empirical force field calculations of rigid and flexible geometries of N acetylglycine-N'-methylamide, bis(acetamido) methane, and N,N'-dimethylmalonamide and their corresponding C alpha-methylated analogs. PMID- 6616013 TI - Computer simulation of the conformational properties of retro-inverso peptides. II. Ab initio study, spatial electron distribution, and population analysis of N formylglycine methylamide, N-formyl N'-acetyldiaminomethane, and N methylmalonamide. PMID- 6616014 TI - Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and photobleaching recovery of multiple binding reactions. I. Theory and FCS measurements. PMID- 6616015 TI - Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and photobleaching recovery of multiple binding reactions. II. FPR and FCS measurements at low and high DNA concentrations. PMID- 6616016 TI - Correlation of Tm and sequence of DNA duplexes with delta H computed by an improved empirical potential method. PMID- 6616017 TI - A sensitive and specific stable isotope assay for warfarin and its metabolites. AB - A capillary gas chromatographic mass spectrometric method for the quantification of warfarin and its known metabolites from microsomal incubations is described. Deuterium labelled 4', 6-, 7- and 8-hydroxy warfarins are used as internal standards and the method has detection limits of 1 ng ml-1 with 20 ng ml-1 being the lower limit for accurate quantification. PMID- 6616018 TI - Determination of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)-1-nitrosourea in plasma by negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry. AB - A sensitive and specific method for the quantitative determination of a new antitumor agent, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)-1-nitrosourea, (PCNU) has been developed for the analysis of plasma. This assay involves extraction of the plasma sample, separation of the drug by thin-layer chromatography and mass spectrometric detection of the negative ions derived from the unchanged drug and its 2H4-labeled analog. Ion current profile peaks are obtained when drug samples are introduced into the heated source using a desorption chemical ionization probe. Detection limits are below 1.0 ng ml-1 of plasma. This method has been applied to determine the in vitro rate of decomposition of PCNU in plasma and the plasma clearance of this drug from a cancer patient. PMID- 6616019 TI - Measurement of leucine enkephalin in caudate nucleus tissue with fast atom bombardment-collision activated dissociation-linked field scanning mass spectrometry. AB - The endogenous amount of the opioid pentapeptide leucine enkephalin was measured in a canine caudate nucleus tissue extract using mass spectral analytical methods which retain absolute molecular specificity. Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry generation of the protonated molecular ion of leucine enkephalin followed by collision activated dissociation produced amino acid sequence determining ions. These amino acid sequence-determining ions were analyzed by a linked field (B/E) scan. One amino acid sequence-determining ion was selected to measure endogenous leucine enkephalin. This novel measurement mode offers optimal molecular specificity for quantification of an endogenous amount (451 pmol g-1 tissue) of leucine enkephalin in a biologic tissue extract of canine caudate nucleus. PMID- 6616020 TI - Determination of beta-phenylethylamine as its isothiocyanate derivative in biological samples by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. AB - A detailed procedure of a gas chromatographic mass spectrometric assay for beta phenylethylamine in biological samples, after its reaction with carbon disulphide to form the isothiocyanate derivative, is presented. Our method has advantages over the previous methods with the pentafluoropropionic derivative of beta phenylethylamine in that the isothiocyanate derivative of beta-phenylethylamine is much more stable than the pentafluoropropionic derivative and that the background in selected ion monitoring is very low. Using the present method, the levels of beta-phenylethylamine in human urine, untreated and pargyline-treated rat brain were found to be 15.3 micrograms 24 h-1, 1.4 and 160 ng g-1 wet weight, respectively. PMID- 6616021 TI - Studies related to the metabolism of anabolic steroids in the horse: the metabolism of 1-dehydrotestosterone and the use of fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry in the identification of steroid conjugates. AB - The metabolism and urinary excretion of 1,2(n)-3H-1-dehydrotestosterone were studied in cross-bred gelded horses. Approximately 40% of the dose was excreted in 24 h. The steroid metabolites were extracted by Amberlite XAD-2 resin and fractionated into glucuronides and sulphoconjugates. Unchanged 1 dehydrotestosterone was the only component identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry after solvolysis of the sulphoconjugates. Positive and negative ion fast atom bombardment mass spectra were obtained on the purified 1 dehydrotestosterone sulphoconjugate isolated from horse urine and on the alkali metal salts of three standard steroid conjugates. Spectra obtained in the different modes were of comparable intensity. Positive ion spectra were generally more complex due to the formation of alkali metal adduct ions containing several sodium cations. The most abundant ion in the negative ion spectra corresponded to the loss of the alkali metal cation to give [M]-. Thus, the structure of a conjugate can be defined from the combination of mass spectrometric techniques. PMID- 6616022 TI - A stable isotope technique for investigating lactate metabolism in humans. AB - A stable isotope tracer method has been developed for studying lactate metabolism in humans. The method uses lactic acid triple labeled with 13C as the tracer. The stable isotope is infused to attain a level of approximately 1.5% of that of the circulating unlabeled lactate. Following the isolation of lactic acid from the blood, the percentage of triple labeled (13C)lactate is measured using gas chromatography mas spectrometry. We compared this method with tracer methodology using [14C]lactate and found comparable results. PMID- 6616023 TI - Preparation of stable isotope-incorporated peptide internal standards for field desorption mass spectrometry quantification of peptides in biologic tissue. AB - Stable isotopes have been incorporated into two opioid pentapeptides, leucine enkephalin and methionine enkephalin, using chemical- and enzymatic-catalyzed reactions. Oxygen-18 from H218O was the stable isotope incorporated. High performance liquid chromatography separated the chemical reaction mixture into three fractions: hydrolyzed peptide fraction, 18O-incorporated enkephalin, and 18O-incorporated enkephalin ester. Analysis of individual isotopic species (18O2, 18O16O, 16O2) in the latter two fractions was done with field desorption mass spectrometry. Porcine esterase II was used to hydrolyse enkephalin esters and recover stable isotope. Up to 90% 18O2 was incorporated. Yields of 18O2 species for the overall procedure were for leucine enkephalin, 56%, and for methionine enkephalin, 38%. This scheme represents the first fast and facile preparation of a stable isotope-incorporated peptide internal standard for use in measuring peptides in biologic extracts and is readily extended to any peptide with a free carboxyl group. Fast atom bombardment-collision activated dissociation-linked field (B/E) scan mass spectrometry unambiguously locates the two 18O atoms in the carboxyl group of the peptide and not in a peptide amide bond or tyrosine side chain. The two 18O-labeled peptide internal standards were used to measure, in a structurally unambiguous fashion, endogenous leucine enkephalin and methionine enkephalin in thalamus tissue at the ppb level. A microcomputer was used for data acquisition and reduction. PMID- 6616024 TI - Determination of histamine by chemical ionization mass spectrometry: application to human urine. AB - A determination of histamine in urine by selected ion monitoring, using (15N2)histamine as internal standard, is described. Three different ionization methods were used, chemical ionization with ammonia as reactant gas offering the highest sensitivity (detection limit 40 fmol of histamine on column). The 24 h urinary excretions of 10 normal adults ranged from 142-1100 nmol (mean 321 nmol). Patients with an anaphylactoid reaction and patients with mastocytosis showed above normal values. PMID- 6616025 TI - Metabolism of the anticancer agent 1-(4-acetylphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene. AB - High pressure liquid chromatography was used in combination with mass spectrometry to confirm that the main products of in vitro metabolism of 1-(4 acetylphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene are 1-(4-acetylphenyl-3-methyltriazene and 4 aminoacetophenone. In addition a novel metabolite, 1-[4-(1-hydroxyethyl)-phenyl] 3,3-dimethyltriazene, possessing antitumour activity similar to the parent drug, was identified. PMID- 6616026 TI - Informed consent to treatment in clinical trials. AB - Special characteristics of clinical trials place unique demands on the concept and practice of informed consent to treatment. We focus on the practical problem that consent to treatment forms are not typically able to be understood by patients in clinical trials research. Informed consent forms are significantly less comprehensible than popular press written material and may be as difficult to read as medical journals. Several guidelines for improving informed consent to treatment documents such as the use of non-professionals and patients to critique drafts of consent to treatment forms are proposed and discussed. The use of these guidelines can insure that patients have the opportunity to understand more clearly what their treatment will involve within a clinical trial before they give an informed consent. PMID- 6616027 TI - Efficacy of and errors in randomized multicenter trials. A review of 230 clinical trials. AB - An attempt was made to study the efficacy in and one of the errors of randomized multicenter clinical trials. Efficacy was defined for the present purpose as a statistically significant clinical difference between at least 2 of the treatment arms studied. The error studied was defined here as non-excluded protocol deviations found during a systematic record review. The nature (multicenter randomized trial or un-controlled pilot study) of 8 so-called "breakthrough" studies which seemed particularly important for future cancer treatment was also established. The number of yearly randomized trials seems to have increased by a factor of 10 between 1969 and 1981, as judged by the abstracts published by the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 23% yielded statistically significant results, which is 18% over the 5% expected chance significances. Of 174 papers and abstracts published by one group, only 18 were reviewable original studies. The corresponding figures for another group was 6 of 22. This explains why only 8 scientifically new statistical significances were found in one series of 76 original articles. The mean dose of cytostatics actually given to 192 breast cancer patients varied, as judged by a record review, between 71 and 93% of the protocol doses. These figures agree with the 15-30% of nonexcluded protocol deviations found previously. Of the 8 "breakthrough" studies, 7 were single center pilot studies without randomized controls, and only 1 was a randomized multicenter study. It is suggested that more relevant questions can be asked in multicenter randomized clinical trials if they are based on promising single center pilot results, and that record reviews should be performed so that protocol deviations can regularly be reported. PMID- 6616028 TI - Post-heparin plasma hepatic triglyceride lipase and monoglyceride hydrolase activities in hyperlipemia induced by a sucrose rich diet. AB - We have previously reported that normal Wistar rats fed an isocaloric, sucrose rich (63%) diet (SRD) developed glucose intolerance and elevated triglyceride levels in plasma as well as in heart and liver tissue. This metabolic state was accompanied by hyperinsulinism both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that a state of insulin resistance has developed. The aim of this study was to gather information on the various plasma post-heparin lipolytic activities in rats fed a SRD. Hepatic triglyceride lipase (H-TGL) was evaluated by both, protamine sulfate inhibition (PSI) of extrahepatic lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography (H-SAC). Both methods rendered comparable results. Total triglyceride lipase (T-TGL) was measured after Krauss et al. and monoglyceride hydrolase (MGH) after Vogel et al. Our results have shown a significant decline of plasma T-TGL (5.32 +/- 0.34 means +/- SEM vs. 7.48 +/- 0.64 mumol glycerol ml 1 h-1; p less than 0.01), H-TGL (3.71 +/- 0.28 vs. 5.05 +/- 0.69; p less than 0.05), LPL (1.61 +/- 0.26 vs. 2.42 +/- 0.41; p less than 0.05) and MGH (558 +/- 108 mumol glycerol l-1 min-1 vs. 1,165 +/- 45; p less than 0.001) activities. Thus, feeding a sucrose-rich diet induced a state of hyperlipemia and insulin resistance in which not only plasma T-TGL but also H-TGL and MGH activities were significantly decreased. This suggests that the latter two enzymes are also under nutritional and/or hormonal control. PMID- 6616029 TI - The age of research. PMID- 6616030 TI - [Phase II comparative trials for confirmation of the null hypothesis. Their interest, particularly in oncology]. PMID- 6616031 TI - Barriers to acceptance of controlled phase III clinical trials: behavioral factors. AB - Certain behavioral characteristics of physicians have traditionally lead to erroneous therapeutic observations. Appropriately designed clinical trials overcome behavioral pitfalls to insure a scientific (hence, ethical) result. PMID- 6616032 TI - Informed consent to medical treatment. PMID- 6616033 TI - Hemopoietic responses of LPS-unresponsive C3H/HeJ mice to salmonella infection. AB - Effects of Salmonella enteritidis infection on hemopoietic stem cells were examined in LPS-unresponsive C3H/HeJ mice. The salmonella infection increased pluripotent stem cells (CFUs) and granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFUc) in the spleen and decreased these hemopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. These responses seemed to be specific to salmonella infection and not due to biological activities of LPS. PMID- 6616034 TI - Study of carbohydrate material isolated from ultrafiltrates in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - We have isolated substances of molecular weight ranging between 350 and 2,000 daltons from ultrafiltrates of 3 patients treated by maintenance haemodialysis for chronic renal failure. Such substances might have a role in the genesis of uraemic toxicity. We have chiefly studied their carbohydrate content. Material was fractionated according to a procedure previously used to urine in healthy controls. Consecutive ion exchange, charcoal Celite and paper chromatography lead to the isolation and purification of oligosaccharides, glycopeptides, glucuronoconjugates and peptides. The different classes of carbohydrate material present in dialysis fluids from uraemic patients are close to those formed in normal urines. All the oligosaccharides in renal failure urine had have identified in normal urine. In a previous studies we have demonstrated that the levels of glucuronoconjugates are higher in the blood of uraemic patients. The glucuronoconjugates and their aglycones could have a toxic effect but a great part of them is removed by hemodialysis. PMID- 6616035 TI - Sickling and Vinblastine. AB - After incubation of sickle anaemia (SS) erythrocytes for 1 hour at room temperature with Vinblastine (VBL) doses (0.2 mM) far lower than those capable of causing spherostomatocytosis of normal red blood cells (0.6 mM), the percent of erythrocytes which underwent swelling resulted to be overlapping the percentage of cells which showed irreversible sickling (IS) after adequate deoxygenation. Thus VBL can reveal in the SS erythrocytes the most liable cohort of cells that show IS; this may be accounted for by the fact that in both irreversibly sickled and VBL-incubated erythrocytes there are overlapping disorders of the membrane cationic traffic. The increase of the drug concentrations induced an exponentially related cohort of SS erythrocytes to swell. The observed failure of SS erythrocytes previously incubated with VBL to sickle after adequate deoxygenation is accounted for by the close interaction of the drug with the red cell membrane subunits, which renders the red cell surface unliable to undergo further morphological alterations. PMID- 6616036 TI - [Critical study of the analysis of lactoferrin in duodenal fluid in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis]. AB - In a prospective study we have measured the lactoferrin level of duodenal juice under secretin plus caerulein pancreatic stimulation in 78 subjects. Subjects was divided in 4 groups as follows: 27 controls, 11 pancreatic disease without chronic pancreatitis (CP), 17 CP and 23 suspicions of CP. Lactoferrin was assayed by radial immunodiffusion and the level was referred to lipase activity. The test was considered as positive when lactoferrin (microgram/ml) X 100/lipase (U/ml) greater than 0.1. No one control subject had a positive test, 2 pancreatic cancers out of 4, 1 acute pancreatitis out of 7, 12 CP out of 17 had a positive test. The sensitivity (0.71) and the specificity (0.92) of the test do not allow us to propose this test as unequivocal in the diagnosis of CP. PMID- 6616037 TI - [Possibility of using hematopoietic stem cells in relation to their generation age]. AB - A hypothesis of the use of hemopoietic stem cells with a view of satisfying the demand for mature cells depending on their generation age predicts that CFUs that survived after repeated treatment with hydroxyurea should have a greater capacity for self-renewal. It has been demonstrated that after repeated administrations of hydroxyurea according to the scheme devised by the authors of the hypothesis (3-4 times) and as a result of a more prolonged treatment (6 times, every other 12 or 15 h), the capacity of the survived hemopoietic stem cells for self maintenance was not only lower than normal but commonly significantly decreased. The generation-age hypothesis of the use of hemopoietic stem cells thus remains badly needing experimental support. PMID- 6616038 TI - [Ultradian biorhythms in mouse bone marrow]. AB - Ultradian oscillations in the number of karyocytes isolated from the femoral bone of intact ACR mice have been demonstrated. The periodicity of oscillations did not depend on the season or the site of mice breeding. The bone marrow also showed ultradian oscillations in relative and absolute amount of lymphoid, myeloid and mitotic cells. It is postulated that differentiation and migration of bone marrow cells might have ultradian biorhythms. PMID- 6616039 TI - [Derepression of hepatocyte proliferation with changes in the functional state of the reticuloendothelial system]. AB - Experiments on rats and mice were performed to study the effects of different substances modifying RES functions on hepatocyte proliferation. It was shown that as early as 24 hours after Kupffer cell (KC) overloading with colloidal iron particles the number of hepatocytes in mitosis increased. The mitotic rate increased by 32 h and decreased between 48 and 72 h following iron injection. Forty-eight h after injection of latex particles the hepatocyte mitotic peak could be identified. Twenty-four and 48 h after zymozan injection DNA synthesis in sinusoidal liver cells correspondingly increased. Hepatocytes in mitosis appeared 5 days later, reaching the peak value after 9 days followed by a decrease 12 days after zymozan injection. The depression of the hepatocyte mitotic rate was also observed 9 days after BCG and 15 days after prodigiozan injection. The data are suggestive of the importance of KC as potential inducers of hepatocyte proliferation. PMID- 6616041 TI - [Cell kinetics in the mouse esophageal epithelium in relation to the time of day]. AB - The kinetics of mouse esophageal epithelial cells was investigated throughout 90 h after a single injection of 3H-thymidine at 01 or at 13 h--the times of the peak and minimal magnitudes of the radioisotope index in the circadian rhythm of proliferation. The mitotic cycle parameters in the cells varied but insignificantly. For cells treated with 3H-thymidine at 01 h, T = 24.3 h, ts = 6 h, tG2 min = 1.5 h, tG2+ 1/2 M = 2.9 h and tG1+/2 M = 15.4 h; for those treated with 3H-thymidine at 13 h, T = 25.6 h, ts = 8.4 h, tG2 min = 1 h, tG2+ 1/2 M = 2.2 h, tG1+ 1/2 M = 15 h. Cells labeled at 01 h proliferated more actively for a long period of time as compared to those labeled at 13 h. The synchronism in undergoing several successive mitotic cycles was greater for cells labeled at the peak radioisotope index. The data obtained also suggest that the majority of cells enter the G0 phase after the completion of the first cycle. The duration of the G0 phase varies in different cell populations. PMID- 6616040 TI - [Effect of single and systematically repeated physical exercise on the threshold of anaerobic metabolism]. AB - The anerobic threshold (AT) has been defined in 37 healthy young subjects and adults after single and repeated exercises close to the threshold one as regards the intensity. Single exercise lasted 1.5--2 h, whereas repeated ones 7 days to 5 months. The AT has been found to drop significantly at single exercises and to increase at systematic exercises lasting 30 days and more. PMID- 6616042 TI - [Ultrastructural expression of the process of cell fusion in a rat neurinoma culture exposed to polyethylene glycol]. AB - The time course of cell fusion was examined in experiments made with a new cell line derived from rat neurinoma. Exposure to polyethylene glycol (PEG) combined with dimethylsulfoxide led to absorption of cells on plasmalemmas, modification of glycocalyx, disorganization of plasmalemmas in local zones of adjacent membranes, and formation of the common zones of the cytoplasm between neighboring cells. The method used promoted the obtaining of polykaryons, which was accompanied by a decrease in PEG cytotoxicity. PMID- 6616043 TI - [Quantitative histophotometric study of liver dehydrogenase activity during temporary ischemia of the extremities]. AB - This prospective study depicts quantitative histophotometric characteristics of the changes in the histoenzymologic spectrum of the liver in the course of temporary ischemia of the extremities with subsequent revascularization. The increase in the activities of dehydrogenases under study in the course of a 3 hour ischemia, and the decrease of these parameters in 6- and 12-hour ischemia was discovered, that was determined as a compensatory response followed by the period of compensation exhaustion and the development of the period of complete exhaustion. The data of the study of drug correction of the postischemia syndrome confirmed the rationality of the efforts that were made. A special program developed for computer processing of histological data allows rapid adaptation of the methods for different histophotometric examinations with the use of TV analyzer of the picture, this creating wider possibilities as compared to the known analogs. PMID- 6616044 TI - [Characteristics of the rhythmic activity of a normal and a damaged heart during hyperactivity of spinal cord preganglionic neurons]. AB - Experiments on white rats were made to investigate the character of rhythmical activity of normal heart and that in acute myocardial ischemia in response to electrical stimulation of preganglionic neurons (PN) of the thoracic part of the spinal cord and the formation in them of the generator of pathologically enhanced excitation induced by microinjection of tetanus toxin. In both types of PN hyperactivation, arrhythmias of different patterns developed, their severity and duration being related to the level of initial cardiac reactivity and the degree of PN excitation. It is suggested that under distress of the autonomous mechanisms responsible for regulation of the injured heart, hyperactivation of the spinal cord sympathetic apparatus might be a factor provoking arrhythmia. PMID- 6616045 TI - [Changes in oxygen tension in the cerebral cortex during hemodilution]. AB - Wistar rats were subjected to gradual blood replacement with 7% albumin (hemodilution). Hematocrit and mean arterial pressure were measured periodically. Polarographic platinum microelectrodes with a tip 3-8 microns in diameter were used to study variation of oxygen tension (pO2) in the brain cortex during hemodilution. Some areas showed a significant decrease in the brain pO2 after hematocrit dropped to 30%. In animals with an initially low pO2 (13.1 +/- 1.7 mm Hg), this parameter decreased more slowly than in rats with a higher basic pO2 (24.5 +/- 1.7 mm Hg). PMID- 6616046 TI - [Gas exchange and blood circulation status in dogs following replacement of acute blood loss by perfluoro compound emulsions]. AB - Blood circulation and gas exchange were examined after replacement of blood loss (50 ml/kg bw) in dogs by a preparation containing perfluorocompound (PFC) emulsion (20 v. %) and protein-salt solution (PSS) consisting of isotonic solution of electrolytes and donor's albumin, the final concentration of the latter in the preparation being equal to 5%. Animals with analogous blood loss replaced by PSS alone served as control. Infusion of the preparation under study led to a steady recovery of the main parameters of the hemodynamics disordered as a result of blood loss. Its infusion to experimental animals was followed by a noticeable increase in oxygen blood capacity, provoked a more considerable elevation of pO2 in arterial and venous blood as compared to control. Compensation with PFS emulsion for homeostatic changes that occurred in dogs after blood loss involved a more active oxygen utilization, whereas in controls, a more considerable increase of cardiac output. The study drug is offered as base for a blood substitute-oxygen carrier. PMID- 6616047 TI - [Stereological analysis of myocardial structures in plastic heart insufficiency]. AB - Electron microscopy, morphometry and stereological analysis were used to examine structural components of the myocardium of Wistar rats after injection of the anthracycline antibiotic rubomycin. Using the determination of absolute summary weights of cardiomyocytes, interstitial connective tissue, vessels and intercellular space as well as of the volume and surface densities of these structures the development of involutional atrophic lesions in the myocardium was demonstrated. The connective tissue showed an increase in the population of fibroblasts, diffuse activation of protein synthesis in them and collagen synthesis de novo. The genetic relationship between abnormal regeneration of cardiomyocyte ultrastructure (plastic heart insufficiency) and diffusive cardiosclerosis is established. PMID- 6616048 TI - [Combined effect of a magnetic field and anti-hypoxic agents on epileptogenic foci in the rabbit hippocampus]. AB - Magnetic field (MF) intensifies the activity of penicillin-induced epileptogenic foci (EF) in the rabbit hippocamp. The same effect was obtained with gutimin. Injections of sodium hydroxybutyrate produced but little changes in hypersynchronous activity as compared to the data of control experiments. Combined influence of MF and gutimin on the rabbits somewhat reduced the quantity of the electrographic correlates of the seizures as compared with the results obtained with MF or gutimin alone. Meanwhile the use of MF coupled with sodium hydroxybutyrate reduced the number of the correlates and the amount of interictal epileptiform discharges as compared with these parameters in experiments where MF alone was applied or in control. It is assumed that MF induces slight hypoxia in the tissues thereby provoking an increase in the epileptogenic foci, whereas sodium hydroxybutyrate but not gutimin compensates for pathological action of MF. PMID- 6616049 TI - [Effect of an enkephalin-like tetrapeptide on the food instrumental behavior of rats]. AB - An enkephalin-like tetrapeptide (subcutaneous, intraperitoneal and intraventricular injections) disturbs the goal-oriented food instrumental behavior of rats by decreasing the number of adequately performed instrumental reactions. In addition to these disorders, intraventricular microinjections entail an increase in the number of inadequate, incomplete behavioral reactions. Besides, injection of the tetrapeptide evokes specific disorders of motor activity, which manifest in the occurrence in rats of stretches, "duck-like step", motor stereotypy, arching of the tail, changes in the tone of abdominal muscles, etc. The tetrapeptide effects described were not inhibited by narcan, remaining unchanged for 3.5-5 months following a single injection of the tetrapeptide. PMID- 6616050 TI - [Mitochondrial enzymes in circulating lymphocytes during hemosorption for experimental hypercholesterolemia]. AB - The status of some dehydrogenases (succinate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial alpha glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase) was studied in the course of long-term oral administration of cholesterol to rabbits. The data obtained indicate that within the first weeks of cholesterol administration there was a decrease in enzymatic activity of the dehydrogenases under study that mirrored the impairment of energy function of mitochondria. After experiments were initiated, alimentary hypercholesterolemia led to imbalance of anabolism and catabolism bearing resemblance to the status of oxidative processes in the Krebs cycle. There is every reason to believe that such a complex of changes in the dehydrogenases during hypercholesterolemia is characteristic for the initial stages of atherosclerosis. Elimination of cholesterol from the body by single hemosorption results in a tendency towards making the circulating lymphocytes egress from hypoxia. It is inferred that study of enzymatic activity of dehydrogenases should be used for the diagnosis of and the assessment of therapeutic measures for atherosclerosis under experimental and clinical conditions. PMID- 6616051 TI - [Effect of thyroxine on the phenotype of intact and denervated skeletal muscles in the guinea pig]. AB - Denervation of the guinea-pig fast (m. plantaris) and slow (m. soleus) muscles, administration of alpha-thyroxine (T4) to animals followed by denervation and T4 injection entail changes in the relative content of different types of muscle fibers. The slow muscle shows fast muscle fibers after T4 injection, denervation and T4 injection. Moreover, myosin isolated from the m. soleus shows the precipitation band with antibodies to fast muscle myosin. These data attest to partial reprogramming of myosin synthesis by the m. soleus, pointing to the role played by thyroxine in myosin synthesis regulation. PMID- 6616052 TI - [Biochemical indices of erythrocytes cryopreserved with protection by 1,2 propanediol and glycerin]. AB - Based on the data concerning the content of ATP, 2,3-DFG, K+, and Na+ in depreserved red cells stored at 4 degrees C in resuspending media TsNIIGPK 8b and 8v it has been established that blood preserved under protection of 1,2 propanediol is comparable with that preserved under glycerin protection as regards its quality and is even better from the standpoint of some other indicators. Medium TsNIIGPK 8v may be used as resuspending medium for blood exposed to low temperature preservation under protection of 1,2-propanediol. PMID- 6616053 TI - [Metabolic effects of infrared laser radiation in the area of posttraumatic wound regeneration]. AB - Experiments on white rats with wounds have shown stage changes in glycolytic and redox reactions occurring in a wound. Wound healing after repeated irradiation of wounds with infrared laser was marked by the emergence of some metabolic effects. The latter ones included glycolysis activation after 3 sessions of irradiation followed by more rapid normalization of glycolytic and redox processes. PMID- 6616054 TI - [Effect of neurotropic compounds on the transmembrane potential of synaptosomes]. AB - Using the potential-sensitive dye (3,3-dipropylthiodicarbocyanine) [dis-C3-(5)] it has been shown that synaptosomes isolated from the rat brain cortex by the method of Hajos retain their transmembrane potential (TMP) close to the K+ diffusional one. In the Krebs-Ringer medium containing 5 mM KCl the TMP of the synaptosomes was equal to 70-80 mV. The cytostatics cytochalazine B and colchicine and the peptides leu- and met-enkephalins and tuftcin in concentrations up to 10(-3) and 10(-4) M did not affect the TMP of the synaptosomes. Cytochalazine B in a concentration of 4 X 10(-4) M and over caused synaptosomal aggregation. The neuroleptics aminazine, trifluoroperazine, haloperidol, the antidepressant imipramine in concentrations about 10(-4) M as well as the tranquilizers diazepam and phenazepam in concentrations about 10(-3) M completely depolarized synaptosomal membranes. PMID- 6616055 TI - [Microcalorimetric study of erythrocyte membrane suspensions in normal subjects and in hypertension]. AB - Microcalorimetric method was used to study the temperature dependence of thermal absorption of human red cell membrane suspension in health and essential hypertension. In disease, the temperature dependence of individual irreversible thermoinduced transitions characteristic for human red cell membranes was appreciably changed, which was comparable with disorders of protein-lipid interactions discovered before by fluorescent examination, while elevated enthalpy of one of the transitions pointed to the possibility of enriching these membranes with band 3 protein. Unlike normal, red cell membranes in essential hypertension exhibited a special thermoinduced irreversible transition with the thermoabsorption maximum about 41 degrees C. PMID- 6616056 TI - [Photogeneration of singlet oxygen by psoralens]. AB - Photosensitized luminescence of singlet (1 delta g) molecular oxygen with the maximum at 1272 nm has been found in solutions of psoralen, angelicin and 8 methoxypsoralen in CCl4. The luminescence excitation spectra, quantum yields of generation (gamma g) and rate constants of quenching (Kq) of 1 delta g by psoralens have been measured. The gamma g values 0,0055, 0,0026, 0,002 and Kq values 9 X 10(3), 11 X 10(3) and 12 X X 10(3) have been obtained for psoralen, angelicin and 8-methoxypsoralen, respectively. The role of 1 delta g in a photobiological action of psoralens is discussed. PMID- 6616057 TI - [Cells containing smooth-muscle myosin during healing of myocardial infarction in rats]. AB - Immunoperoxidase and autoradiographic techniques were used to examine smooth muscle myosin-containing cells in the injured zone during rat myocardial infarction healing. It was discovered that smooth muscle myosin-containing cells occurred on the 3d day of myocardial infarction and persisted during four months of experiment. The relative volume of the cells did not exceed 5% of the total tissue volume in the injured zone. The number of these cells in the subendocardial area was greater than that in the center of the infarction area throughout all the stages of experiment. Only a few smooth muscle myosin containing cells included 3H-thymidine, which points to a weak proliferative activity of these cells. PMID- 6616058 TI - [Anti-arrhythmia properties of marcaine]. AB - Comparative study of antiarrhythmic properties of marcaine and lidocaine was made on aconitine- and strophanthine-induced experimental arrhythmias and in rhythm disorders induced by electrical stimulation of the ventricles. Marcaine (5 mg/kg) prevented the development of rhythm disorders induced in rats by intravenous injection of aconitine (40 micrograms/kg) and also raised the arrhythmogenic dose of strophanthine (ouabain) in guinea-pigs. Administration of marcaine to anesthetized cats in a dose of 2 mg/kg reduced the assimilation of the rhythm imposed on the heart ventricles at the expense of an increase in the effective refractory period and increased the threshold of electrical fibrillation of the ventricles more noticeably and for a longer time as compared with lidocaine administered in a dose of 5 mg/kg. Marcaine compares very favourably with lidocaine as regards the potency and duration of the antiarrhythmic effect. However, it is inferior to lidocaine from the standpoint of the therapeutic action range. Toxic effects of marcaine do not make clear the prospects of its clinical use as an antiarrhythmic drug. Nevertheless the search of new effective antiarrhythmic drugs among marcaine analogs holds promise. PMID- 6616059 TI - [Effect of the antioxidant ionol on the formation and retention of a defensive conditioned reflex during maximum physical exertion]. AB - Administration of the synthetic antioxidant ionol to male Wistar rats prevents the disturbance of the conditioned reflexes during extreme physical load, induced by treadmill running. Protective action of ionol was marked by the improvement of the formation of the arising conditioned relations and their enforcement "till refusal" under maximal physical load. The possibility of antioxidant application to preventing the disturbances of the higher nervous activity is discussed. PMID- 6616060 TI - [Interferon-inducing activity of poly(I)-poly(C) and its complexes with polycations and their resistance to enzymatic degradation]. AB - The insoluble complexes of poly (I) . poly (C) with histones and poly-L-lysin have been obtained. These complexes are insoluble in isotonic solutions and have no admixtures of polycations. Resistance to enzymatic degradation, the melting point and sorption on the cells of the complexes obtained increase with the growth of the polycation amount in the complexes, while the interferon-inducing capacity reduces. Based on the obtained and reported data the conclusion is made that resistance to enzymatic degradation, the high melting point and the high sorption of the inductor on the cells are necessary but insufficient conditions for the induction of interferon synthesis. It is assumed that the inductor ability to make complexes with cellular proteins is the characteristics responsible for the interferon-inducing capacity of the inductor. PMID- 6616061 TI - [Use of antioxidants to prevent damage during acute ischemia and reperfusion of the kidneys]. AB - Prophylactic injection of the natural antioxidant alpha-tocopherol and synthetic antioxidants ionol, diludin and 6-mercurascan prevented the development of lesions during acute renal ischemia and subsequent reperfusion. Ionol proved more effective on intraperitoneal injection than on intragastric route of administration. It has been demonstrated that antiischemic effect of ionol is related to its ability to exhibit the process of lipid peroxidation. PMID- 6616062 TI - [Cytophotometric study of changes in the structure of nuclear chromatin induced by the oncogenic adenovirus SA7 (C8)]. AB - Infection of primary murine embryonic cell cultures by adenovirus SA7 (C8) results in an increase in chromatin condensation Average optical density of Feulgen stained nuclei 24 h following virus absorption increased for G0/1, S, and G2 cells by 16.1, 11.3 and 13.1%, respectively. This phenomenon is associated with the stimulation of proliferation, with an increase of the S cell amount by 50% of the control values and a decrease of average cell nuclei areas in all phases of cell cycle. PMID- 6616063 TI - [Effect of glutamin(asparagin)ase preparations from microorganisms on DNA synthesis in tumor cells]. AB - The effect of glutamin (asparagin)ase from Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas boreopolis 526 on DNA synthesis by tumor cells, lines CaOv and L8, has been studied. The L8 cells have been demonstrated highly sensitive to the enzyme. PMID- 6616064 TI - [Activation of natural killers (NK cells) in normal Syrian hamsters and tumor bearing hamsters by the Newcastle disease virus]. AB - Natural cytotoxicity of non-adherent lymphoid spleen cells from random-bred Syrian hamsters was demonstrated in the cytotoxic test in vitro with the use of xenogeneic human myeloma target cells (strain K-562) labeled with 51Cr. Cytotoxic natural killers (NK) could be isolated in the Ficoll gradient of 1.078 density, selective for large granular lymphocytes. The maximal lytic activity of NK was observed in the cytotoxic test in vitro after 10-12-hour contact with sensitive K 562 target cells. The highest NK activity was observed in blood and spleen cells. In bone marrow and thymic cells, it was less potent. NK activity was almost absent from peripheral lymph nodes. PMID- 6616065 TI - [Correction of biochemical and immunological indices in colonic cancer using optimal doses of retinyl acetate and ascorbic acid]. AB - Blood plasma retinol level in normal donors and patients with colonic carcinoma was measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography and the concentration of p hydroxyphenyl lactic and homogentizine acids by Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer MAT-311A using 2H4-p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid as internal reference. The functional activity of lymphocytes was estimated from the proliferative response to alloantigens in a one-way mixed lymphocyte culture and in blast transformation reaction to Con A and pokeweed mitogen. After systematic intake of retinyl acetate and ascorbic acid in optimally high doses, the patients manifested an increase in vitamin C level in plasma and lymphocytes and a lowering of p-hydroxyphenyl lactic acid excretion. Blood plasma retinol remained unchanged. Daily intake of retinyl acetate and ascorbic acid for 8-12 days produced a significant increase of lymphocyte proliferation in response to alloantigens in mixed lymphocyte culture and blast transformation reaction to suboptimal mitogen doses. PMID- 6616066 TI - [Changes in the genotype and phenotype determining the resistance of Djungarian hamster somatic cells to adriablastin]. AB - The development of adriablastin resistance in Djungarian hamster DM-15 cells is accompanied by the appearance of small chromatin bodies (SCB) and long homogeneously staining regions (HSRs) in the chromosomes--the structures that contained amplified genes. The pattern of karyotypic alterations (the appearance of additional chromosome 4, and emergence of SCB, formation of the HSRs in one of three of chromosome 4, transposition of the HSRs from chromosome 4 to other chromosomes) during the development of adriablastin resistance is identical to that found in these cells before, namely during the development of colchicine resistance. Adriablastin- and colchicine-resistant cells have similar changes in plasma membrane permeability for 3H-colchicine, 3H-actinomycin D, 3H-puromycin, 3H-cytochalasin B, and 3H-vinblastine. Apparently, adriablastin resistance has the same mechanism as colchicine resistance, being connected with gene amplification and decreased plasma membrane permeability for these drugs. PMID- 6616067 TI - [Hyperproduction of a specific protein in cells resistant to colchicine and adriablastin]. AB - Resistance of Djungarian hamster cells to colchicine and adriablastin is connected with gene amplification and decreased plasma membrane permeability for cytostatic drugs. Overproduction of protein (mol. weight about 22 Kd and pI about 5.7) was identified in colchicine- and adriablastin-resistant cell lines by means of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Obviously, the amplification of this protein genes leads to the changes in plasma membrane permeability and to the development of drug resistance. PMID- 6616068 TI - [Silatranes as stimulators of the development of granulation tissue]. AB - Experiments on rats were made to study the effect of I-(chloromethyl) silatrane and I- (ethoxy) silatrane and that of triethanolamine and chloromethyl triethoxysilane on biochemical parameters of granular-fibrous tissue. The preparations were applied to a wound defect in the form of liniments. Silatranes were found to stimulate proliferation of the cells and to increase their biosynthetic activity, to favour accumulation of collagen and non-collagenic proteins, and reduction of the inflammatory phenomena. The silicon-containing fragment of the silatrane molecule chloromethyl triethoxysilane produced an analogous but less marked action. Triethanolamine containing no silicon was found to be as less active. These data indicate that silicon entering the silatrane grouping is of great importance for the occurrence of its biological activity. PMID- 6616069 TI - [Role of photoperiodicity and circadian rhythm of glucocorticoids in synchronizing the fluctuations in free-radical oxidation of lipids in rats]. AB - A biphasic circadian rhythm in the content of liver lipid peroxidation products has been demonstrated in male Wistar rats housed under the conditions of 12L: 12D, with 3 hours of morning and evening twilight. Maxima of the concentration of the products were observed in the morning and early at night. The rhythm of lipid anti-oxidative activity was found in an anti-phase. Inversion of both the L: D cycle and glucocorticoid circadian rhythms (cortisol injections) led after 14-16 days to the same shifts in the rhythm of anti-oxidative activity. The data indicate that glucocorticoids modulate the diurnal rhythms of lipid anti oxidative activity and may be responsible for the shifts in the rhythms of free radical oxidation, induced by inversion of the L: D cycle. PMID- 6616070 TI - Two mechanisms of 3H-catecholamine accumulation in rabbit aorta media differentiated by sensitivity to temperature and corticosterone. AB - To characterize the extraneuronal accumulation of catecholamines (CA) in the media of rabbit aorta pieces of isolated media were incubated with 3H-CA (norepinephrine, isoproterenol or normetanephrine) plus 14C-sorbitol (to estimate the extracellular space) for varying periods at 37 or 0 degree C. The 3H-CA accumulation was 1.3 ml/g at 0 degree C and 2.2 ml/g at 37 degrees C. The sorbitol space was 0.6 ml/g at both temperatures. CA accumulation at 0 and 37 degrees C is significantly different from each other and from sorbitol accumulation. Corticosterone and phenoxybenzamine inhibit the temperature sensitive component of CA accumulation. Accumulation of norepinephrine at 0 degree C is unaffected by corticosterone, phenoxybenzamine or oxytetracycline. The initial rate of NE accumulation at 37 degrees C, from steady state accumulation at 0 degree C, and the initial rate of accumulation at 0 degree C were linear functions of NE concentration between 10(-7) and 10(-2) M. Based on differences in sensitivity to corticosterone and temperature, we conclude that CA accumulation at 0 degree C is different from the accumulation at 37 degrees C. PMID- 6616071 TI - Involvement of extracellularly bound calcium in the activation of arterial smooth muscle. AB - The role of extracellularly bound Ca in the activation of rabbit aorta by the PGH2 analogue U-44069 was assessed using 45Ca flux determinations. The 45Ca influx process, which is activated by U-44069, was found to exhibit two phases: an initial rapid phase which was transient and a slower phase which was sustained. The 45Ca-40Ca exchange labeling rate of the Ca pool which enters the cell during the initial phase of Ca influx was found to be much slower than that of the free extracellular Ca2+, but quite similar to that of an extracellularly bound Ca pool. These findings suggest that an extracellularly bound Ca pool, possibly located on the outer surface of the plasmalemma, is involved in the U 44069-stimulated Ca influx process. PMID- 6616072 TI - Importance of 'cut-end' effects in in vitro artery segments. AB - In order to investigate the consequence of cutting a vascular segment upon its performance in vitro, the contractions of a 4-mm-long segment of ear artery to neurogenic and exogenous norepinephrine (NE) were compared to those of a similar segment cut in half. The active wall tension developed in response to exogenous NE was significantly greater in the 4-mm one-ring segment length (8.50 +/- 0.56 mN/mm) than in the two-ring 2-mm segment lengths (6.64 +/- 0.38 mN/mm) while the EC50 values were the same. The maximum tone (tension) developed at a given frequency of transmural electrical stimulation, expressed as a percentage of maximum tone developed to exogenous NE, was significantly greater (285%) in the one-ring 4-mm segment length than in the two-ring 2-mm segment lengths at the lowest frequency tested (1 Hz) while the tone was approximately equivalent at the higher frequencies (2, 4, 8 Hz). On histological examination, the internal diameter of the artery at the cut ends was less than the remainder of the segment and corresponded with a terminal zone in which the smooth muscle cells, both nuclei and cytoplasm were more deeply stained by hematoxylin and eosin. The transverse diameters of the nuclei and the cells in the end region were reduced so that the muscle cells appeared compressed. Segment 'cut-end' effects would be expected to be relatively more important in shorter ring segment lengths of vessel compared to longer segments. PMID- 6616074 TI - Innovations in the design of clinical trials in breast cancer. AB - The execution of clinical trials is perhaps the most difficult way of carrying out a scientific experiment. This is especially true of chronic diseases, such as breast cancer, which require long-term follow-up and large numbers of patients. As a result, it is necessary to involve many physicians who can contribute patients to these studies. Unfortunately, many physicians are not comfortable participating in randomized studies because they feel the patient-physician relationship may be compromised. This paper discusses new ways of planning randomized clinical trials which do not interfere with the patient-physician relationship. The new designs are called 'randomized consent' or 'prerandomized' designs. The study designs are discussed from the point of view of statistical efficiency and the new ethical problems which may arise. PMID- 6616073 TI - Enhancement of spontaneous and lymphokine activated human macrophage cytotoxicity by hyperthermia. AB - Human macrophages grown on hydrophobic teflon membranes from blood-born monocytes were incubated at hyperthermic temperatures for various time periods and then tested for their ability to inhibit the growth of an allogeneic lymphoma cell line (U 937). Incubation at 40.5 degrees C greatly enhanced macrophage cytotoxicity. This effect of hyperthermia developed slowly with an optimal incubation period of 48 h. In addition, lymphokine activation of macrophages for cytotoxicity appeared to be more effective at elevated temperatures. PMID- 6616075 TI - Pathology of primary tumors and axillary lymph nodes in British and Japanese women with breast cancer. AB - Histopathologic features of the primary tumor and axillary lymph nodes from 97 consecutive patients with breast cancer from Japan were compared with those from 164 patients from England. Between the two groups, there were statistically significant differences in the morphology of the primary tumors regarding nuclear grade and patterns of tumor infiltration. In axillary lymph nodes, sinus histiocytosis was much more common in Japanese cases than in British cases, and was related to a diminished frequency of axillary node metastases. Germinal centers were also more common in the nodes of Japanese patients and were similarly associated with diminished frequency of metastases. PMID- 6616076 TI - Influence of platelet lysate on colony formation of human breast cancer cells. AB - The effect of platelet lysate on the growth of human breast cancer cells was studied in the two-layer soft agar culture system. Lysate was prepared from frozen-thawed outdated human platelets. Eighteen to 446 colonies (mean: 85) grew from 50 of 57 tumors plated at a density of 5 X 10(5) cells/plate, yielding control plating efficiencies from 0.004-0.089. The viability of the cells plated ranged from 10-80%. All tumors were also plated with 200 micrograms/ml platelet lysate. Significant enhancement of colony formation (CF) (p less than 0.025) appeared in 26 of the 57 tumors tested. The number of colonies grown from these 26 tumors ranged from 36-580 (mean: 152). The extent of enhancement varied from 1.25-3.19. Significant suppression of CF (p less than 0.025) appeared in 6 of the 57 tumors. The extent of the suppression varied from 0.35-0.67. Platelet lysate induced no change in CF in the 7 tumors that failed to form colonies in control plates. There was no relationship between tumor cell viability and either the number of colonies appearing in control plates or the response of CF to platelet lysate. By contrast, there was a significant correlation (p less than 0.005) between viability and the extent of enhancement of CF by lysate. Concentrations of lysate varying from 50-400 micrograms/ml did not yield a consistent dose related increase in CF. The results indicate that platelet lysate significantly enhances colony formation from a substantial percentage of human breast tumors. PMID- 6616077 TI - Relationship between mammographic pattern and estrogen receptor content in breast cancer. AB - The mammographic pattern and its relationship to the estrogen receptor (ER) content was studied in 184 breast cancers. The tumors were divided into five radiographic subgroups: mass with spicules (A), diffuse (B), clusters of calcifications without a mass (C), circumscribed (D), and not visible at mammography (E). The ER content of tumors belonging to group A was higher than that of the other subgroups in both pre- and postmenopausal women. 121 tumors belonged to group A, of which 80% were ductal cancers. The tumors in groups B and C had very low ER values and those of groups D and E had intermediate values. The likelihood of finding a high estrogen receptor content of a tumor is thus greater when the tumor radiographically is seen as a mass with spicules than when seen as an increased attenuation or as only clusters of calcifications. It is suggested that patients with tumors belonging to group A should have a more favorable prognosis than patients with tumors belonging to groups B and C. PMID- 6616078 TI - Use of ceruloplasmin levels to monitor response to therapy and predict recurrence of breast cancer. AB - Ceruloplasmin (CP), an acute phase reactant, has been found to be elevated in patients with various tumors including breast cancer. We found that the CP level was elevated in 89% of 103 patients with metastatic breast cancer. In 27 patients with measurable metastatic disease that responded to treatment the mean CP level fell by 35% (p less than 0.001) and in 22 patients whose disease progressed on treatment, the mean CP level rose by 44% (p less than 0.001). Of those patients with Stage II breast cancer that were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, only 6% of patients with a normal post mastectomy CP level have recurred, whereas 44% of patients with an elevated post mastectomy CP level have recurred (p less than 0.01). In following patients with breast cancer, we noted that in those patients that recurred, the CP level became elevated 16-34 weeks prior to any clinical evidence of metastases. We also noted that the CP level became elevated after initially falling in patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and on occasion, the initially elevated CP level did not even fall. These circumstances may represent resistant microscopic disease, so that changing to a noncross-resistant chemotherapeutic regimen might be appropriate. PMID- 6616079 TI - Post-operative serum sialyltransferase levels and prognosis in breast cancer. AB - Serum sialyltransferase (SST) activity was measured 10 days after mastectomy in 153 patients with operable breast cancer. Enzyme activity declined with time in storage (1-42 months). After correction for loss of activity in storage, patients with SST activity below the median value had a longer disease-free interval (DFI) than those with SST activity above the median, and this difference remained when patients were stratified by axillary nodal status, tumor size, and tumor grade. Survival was longer in patients with low SST activity. Post-operative elevation of SST indicates a poor prognosis in patients with operable breast cancer. PMID- 6616080 TI - Plasma androgens in violent and nonviolent sex offenders. PMID- 6616081 TI - Clinical predictions of dangerousness: two-year follow-up of 408 pre-trial forensic cases. PMID- 6616082 TI - Brain ChE response in forest songbirds exposed to aerial spraying of aminocarb and possible influence of application methodology and insecticide formulation. PMID- 6616083 TI - A study to assess the influence of age on the response of fathead minnows in static acute toxicity tests. PMID- 6616084 TI - Feeding behavior of Daphnia pulex in crude oil dispersions. PMID- 6616085 TI - Effects of field application of the anti-cholinesterase insecticide methomyl on brain acetylcholinesterase activities in wild Mus musculus. PMID- 6616086 TI - Aluminum inhibition of human serum cholinesterase. PMID- 6616087 TI - Effect of malathion on embryonic development of the frog Microhyla ornata (Dumeril and Bibron). PMID- 6616089 TI - Toxicities of selected phenols to fermentative and oxidative yeasts. PMID- 6616090 TI - The effect of chemical carriers on avian LC50 toxicity tests. PMID- 6616091 TI - Fulvic-acid-enhanced biodegradation of aquatic contaminants. PMID- 6616088 TI - Biochemical changes in liver of rats fed the plasticizer di (2-ethylhexy) phthalate. PMID- 6616092 TI - Pyrolytic deposition of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons due to slash burning on clear-cut sites. PMID- 6616093 TI - Levels of arsenical species in cotton after field application of a cacodylic acid defoliant. PMID- 6616094 TI - Survey of selected organics in office air. PMID- 6616095 TI - Occurrence of pentachloronitrobenzene and its metabolites in spinach leaves. PMID- 6616096 TI - Improved HPLC method for determining brodifacoum in animal tissues. PMID- 6616097 TI - Standardized lung function testing. Report working party. PMID- 6616099 TI - [Bacteriology and immunology in tuberculosis]. PMID- 6616098 TI - [Drug therapy of tuberculosis in 1983]. PMID- 6616100 TI - [Prevention of tuberculosis. Synthesis]. PMID- 6616101 TI - [Surveillance of tuberculosis]. PMID- 6616102 TI - [Prevention of occupational lung diseases]. PMID- 6616103 TI - [Prevention of respiratory infections]. PMID- 6616104 TI - [Smoking and the prevention of respiratory diseases]. PMID- 6616105 TI - [Immunology of non-tubercular respiratory diseases: the role of immediate hypersensitivity reactions]. PMID- 6616106 TI - Liaison psychiatry in general practice. AB - In the WHO (1973) working group report on psychiatry and primary medical care, six reasons why the GP must remain the first-contact physician for psychiatric morbidity are outlined: 1. Mentally disturbed patients often present with physical complaints 2. Physical illness and psychiatric disorder do coexist 3. There is still a major stigma associated with institutionalized psychiatric care 4. There is a danger that otherwise patients may unwisely gravitate from one specialist to another 5. Many psychiatric problems are connected with social factors and conflicts of family life 6. The GP is in the best position to maintain contact with most of his patients over the years. Liaison psychiatry in general practice allows the consultant psychiatrist and psychiatric trainees a unique opportunity to assist the GP in this work. However, for the liaison to succeed the GP must take the risk of sharing some of his hard won and jealously guarded autonomy with the specialist, and the specialist, in turn, must be prepared to commit scarce time to this enterprise and take the risk of exposing himself personally to colleagues who can have a different perspective and professional philosophy from his own. PMID- 6616108 TI - Tax-deductible expenses. PMID- 6616107 TI - Control of fibrinolysis. PMID- 6616109 TI - Fetal heart rate monitors - some clinical and technical aspects. PMID- 6616110 TI - Malnutrition in the elderly. PMID- 6616111 TI - Concepts of community psychiatry. PMID- 6616112 TI - Assessment of outcome after psychosurgery using the Present State Examination. AB - The aim of the study was to explore the way psychiatric symptoms might influence independent psychiatric assessment of outcome one year after stereotactic subcaudate tractotomy. In a sample of 34 patients consecutively accepted for psychosurgery the results showed that both 'good' and 'poor' outcome groups improved overall. No patients were significantly worse and the symptoms which improved most were nervous tension, depressed mood and somatic anxiety. It was not possible to identify symptomatic predictors of outcome because the preoperative symptom profiles of both groups were so similar. The reason why symptomatic outcome is so variable despite a basically identical psychosurgical technique is discussed. PMID- 6616113 TI - Quantitative computed tomography in elderly depressed patients. AB - An index of brain tissue density was obtained from the CT scans of 37 elderly depressed patients by measuring Hounsfield Units (HU) in 12 predefined brain areas. Comparisons were made with 23 patients suffering from senile dementia and 36 healthy controls. As a group the depressed patients resembled the dements more than the controls, although analysis of variance indicated differences between all three groups, controls showing the highest HU values and dements the lowest. In the depressed patients ventricular dilatation, which had already been shown to predict increased mortality, was also associated with lower HU levels. The significance of these and other findings is discussed. PMID- 6616114 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow and lateralized hemispheric dysfunction in depression. AB - Cerebral blood flow is known as an indicator of cerebral metabolism. Using the 133Xenon inhalation method, we studied the regional cerebral blood flow (r-CBF) in patients with different subtypes of depression and in remission. A left frontal hypervascularization and a right posterior hypovascularization were found in major depressives, compared to normal subjects, minor depressives, and normothymic bipolar patients. These results tend to confirm the existence of cerebral dysfunction in both hemispheres in major depression, as reported by other authors using different techniques. PMID- 6616115 TI - A comparison of alcoholics with and without coexisting affective disorder. AB - Three hundred male Irish alcoholics were selected from 508 consecutive alcoholic admissions to hospital. Using well defined diagnostic criteria, they were divided into three subgroups (1) primary alcoholics, (2) alcoholics with secondary affective disorder and (3) those with primary affective disorder and secondary alcoholism. Although the three groups reported differences in past history and family history of affective disorder and in time spent in hospital for both alcoholism and affective disorder, there was little to distinguish them in behaviour associated with alcoholism or in family history of alcoholism. The implications of these findings and their significance for the relationship of affective disorder and alcoholism are discussed. PMID- 6616116 TI - Tactile-evoked potentials in schizophrenia. Interhemispheric transfer and drug effects. AB - EEG potentials evoked by tactile stimulation of the forearm (tactile-evoked potentials or TEPs) were recorded simultaneously from both cerebral hemispheres in a group of schizophrenics and a group of healthy control subjects. Differences between the groups were found for the early waves of the TEPs: in the control subjects the first two positive waves (P25 and P50) and the first negative wave (N35) recorded from the hemisphere on the same side as the stimulation were slower (i.e. had longer latency) than those recorded from the hemisphere contralateral to the stimulation. This 'lateralization effect' was not seen in the schizophrenic subjects. It was concluded that the TEPs recorded from the hemisphere ipsilateral to the stimulus were not being transmitted from the other hemisphere via the corpus callosum and must therefore have been transmitted via direct ipsilateral pathways from the periphery. In a second experiment the drug pindolol was administered to schizophrenic subjects but differences in P50 latency between ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres were found equally in both drug and placebo groups. We also found slight evidence to suggest that the more severely ill the patient the more similar the TEP latencies recorded from the contralateral and the ipsilateral hemispheres. PMID- 6616117 TI - Relationships between measures of direct and indirect hostility and self destructive behaviour by hospitalized schizophrenics. AB - To test the hypothesis that suicidal and self-destructive behaviour correlate with subjective and objective measures of hostility and violence, these behaviours in hospitalized schizophrenics were correlated to self-report (Buss Durkee) and observer-rated (Lion Scale) measures. Self-destructive acts were significantly correlated with six of the seven of the Buss-Durkee self-report hostility subscales. The observed measures of hostility and violence correlated with seclusion and with restraint as a self-protective measure. Neither the Lion nor the Buss-Durkee measures correlated with depression measures. Thus, our data indicate that self-destructive acts in hospitalized schizophrenics may be better predicted by feelings of anger and hostility than by depression, a finding with relevance for clinicians who treat schizophrenic patients. PMID- 6616118 TI - Impulsiveness in obsessive-compulsive patients. AB - Obsessive-compulsive patients with a history of poor impulse control were identified and compared with non-impulsive obsessive-compulsive patients. Although both groups reported comparable obsessive-compulsive symptoms, the impulsive group rated significantly higher on disturbances during childhood, which included learning problems, low frustration tolerance, poor interpersonal relationships and attention-seeking behaviour. The impulsive group also scored highly on the neuroticism scale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and reported a higher incidence of somatic symptoms. It appears that poor impulse control was related to disturbances which had already manifested themselves during childhood, while the obsessive-compulsive disorder was superimposed at a later time. PMID- 6616119 TI - The role of perceived parental rearing practices in the aetiology of phobic disorders: a controlled study. AB - The perceived parental rearing practices and attitudes of social phobics, agoraphobics, height phobics and non-patient normal controls were investigated, employing the EMBU, an inventory for assessing memories of upbringing. Findings revealed that, as compared with the controls, social phobics and height phobics scored both parents not only as lacking in emotional warmth, but also as having been rejective and overprotective. Agoraphobics reported both parents as having lacked emotional warmth, but only their mothers as being rejecting. Interestingly, the perception of negative rearing practices of parents appeared to be stronger in height phobics than in either social phobics or agoraphobics. PMID- 6616120 TI - Adult psychiatric disorder and childhood experiences. The validity of retrospective data. AB - In a sample of young mothers an association was found between a depressed mood and the recall of poor parental relationships during childhood. Women who had been depressed but had recovered by the time of questioning did not recall a poor relationship. A second retrospective measure of a childhood experience, based on more factual details, was unrelated to current mental state. PMID- 6616121 TI - Dermatitis artefacta in mother and baby as child abuse. PMID- 6616122 TI - "Pseudodementia" a misleading and illogical concept. PMID- 6616123 TI - Psychiatric morbidity and circadian rhythms. PMID- 6616124 TI - Monthly variation of suicidal and accidental poisoning deaths. PMID- 6616125 TI - Specific reading retardation and working memory: a review. AB - Research into the memory deficit of retarded readers is examined within a working memory framework. Although much of the evidence in this area is confusing, there is fairly consistent evidence that reading retardation can be associated with a deficit in long-term storage of phonological information. This deficit may affect retarded readers' ability to utilize the articulatory loop, a short-term store which appears to play an important role in certain aspects of normal reading acquisition. On the other hand, there is fairly consistent evidence that retarded readers perform normally at storing non-verbal information and the semantic aspects of verbal information in long-term memory. Problems with current research strategies are discussed and suggestions for future research directions are made. PMID- 6616126 TI - Redundancy of syntactic information: an aid to young children's comprehension of sentential number. AB - Sentences conveying either non-redundant or increasingly redundant information about number, by means of different syntactic markers, were presented to 20 nursery school children. Comprehension of each sentence was tested in two tasks: pointing to one of a pair of line drawings and acting out with toys the action described by a sentence. The results strongly supported the view that redundancy of syntactic information is a powerful aid to children's comprehension of sentential number. In a second experiment, comprehension of sentences conveying redundant information by repetition of the same number marker was compared with that of non-redundant sentences. In contrast to the first experiment, redundancy had no significant effect on comprehension. Together, these results suggest that children's comprehension of sentential number if aided by redundancy of information involving different syntactic markers, but not by mere repetition of the same marker. PMID- 6616127 TI - Spelling errors in context. AB - This paper looks at the spelling errors that occurred in the spontaneous writing of 12-year-old children. A number of errors occur that are not addressed by the conventional approaches to spelling and which we can best understand by taking account of the psychological context in which they occur. One set of errors relates more to incorrect articulation than to poor spelling. A second set indicates the role of morphemic factors in the spelling of inflected words. Two other sets, one consisting of lexical substitutions, the other of words split into two parts, indicate the existence of a device that monitors the identity of what we write. PMID- 6616128 TI - Intelligence and inspection time in normal and mentally retarded subjects. AB - The present experiments explore the generality of some recent findings relating IQ to a measure known as Inspection Time (IT)--the exposure duration necessary to judge which of two briefly presented straight lines is the longer. In the first study IT and verbal and performance IQ scores were obtained from a large group of normal six- and seven-year-old children. In contrast to some previous suggestions verbal IQ and full-scale IQ did not correlate significantly with IT, and performance IQ showed only a weak correlation with IT (r = -0.29). In the second experiment IT was found to correlate much more highly with performance IQ in a sample of mentally retarded subjects (r = -0.71). Some possible implications of these results for theories of intelligence and of mental retardation are discussed. PMID- 6616129 TI - The use of electrophotographic techniques in differentiating state depression and state anxiety. AB - The ability of electrophotographic techniques to differentiate levels of state anxiety and state depression were investigated. Forty male and female undergraduate students, who were screened with the DACL, STAI, and Mini-Mult and who met certain dietary and medicinal restrictions, had the index finger of their left hand electrophotographed. In addition, the skin resistance level of these subjects was assessed. The discharge patterns produced by these electrophotographs were rated by two volunteer judges using a seven-point scoring system. The differences in discharge pattern ratings and skin resistance levels between high and low anxious subjects were significant, with high anxious subjects having lower-rated discharge patterns and higher skin resistance levels. No significant differences were obtained with either measure for the depression variable or the interaction effect. Interestingly, there was no significant relationship between skin resistance and discharge ratings. Regression analyses indicated that each measure accounted for unique sources of variance, with skin resistance being the best predictor of anxiety. PMID- 6616130 TI - Effects of lateral reversal on recognition memory for photographs of faces. AB - Recognition memory for photographs of faces, which were initially shown in the normal orientation, then tested either normally (unchanged) or laterally reversed (changed), was examined in four experiments involving different experimental designs (between and within group) and different methods of testing (yes-no and forced-choice). Although the overall effect of the transformation was not as powerful as others (e.g. hair style change) which have been applied to faces, and even failed to attain statistical significance in a fifth experiment in which all the photographs were initially reversed at presentation then tested unchanged or changed back to their normal orientation, the main findings were as follows: (a) subjects recognized fewer reversed (changed) than normal (unchanged) photographs whether or not they were informed of the transformation; (b) the adverse effect of reversal occurred on faces looking straight ahead (full-faces) and, to a slightly lesser extent, on those looking to the left of the observer (left lookers); (c) left-lookers and right-lookers (the left-lookers initially reversed in Expt 5) were less well recognized than full-faces; and (d) subjects had difficulty identifying orientation, where accuracy fell almost to chance level. These results are taken as support for a feature (rather than Gestalt) model of facial recognition in which the two sides of the face are differentiated in its memory representation. PMID- 6616131 TI - Memory symptoms and memory performance of neurological patients. AB - The spontaneous memory symptoms of 100 brain-damaged patients suffering from a variety of conditions were elicited. The most frequent types of symptom related to memory for people's names, memory for recent events occurring a few days or weeks ago, memory for a spoken message and remembering to do something. The spontaneous symptoms from 50 non-brain-damaged patients were also elicited. There was a considerable degree of overlap between the type and incidence of symptoms in brain-damaged and control patients. Some symptoms (e.g. remembering people's names) were reported by a similar proportion of control as brain-damaged patients. A few symptoms (e.g. spatial disorientation, temporal disorientation) were reported by brain-damaged patients but not by any control patients. One symptom (remembering to do something) occurred more frequently in the control group of patients than in the brain-damaged group. The relationship between memory symptoms and memory performance was examined in a group of head-injured patients. A short questionnaire on memory symptoms was completed by each patient and by a close observer, and the head-injured subjects also performed tests of immediate and delayed recall. Although there was a highly significant correlation between degree of memory impairment as perceived by the patient and as perceived by an observer, there was generally a low correlation between subjective or observed memory impairment and scores on commonly used clinical memory tests. PMID- 6616132 TI - Gastric manifestations of North American Burkitt's lymphoma. AB - Stomach involvement is rare in American Burkitt's lymphoma. Three cases were noted in 66 patients, and all were associated with large left upper quadrant masses. The appearance of Burkitt's lymphoma of the stomach is similar to other lymphomas and consists of diffuse infiltration of the wall, mucosal thickening, ulcerations, and intra- and extragastric masses. Extension into the oesophagus was noted twice, and small bowel masses were associated with two cases. CT scanning and ultrasound are useful for defining extragastric extent of tumour. Rapid reversion to a more normal appearance is noted following chemotherapy. PMID- 6616133 TI - Breast parenchymal patterns in women with bilateral primary breast cancer. AB - Mammograms were obtained from 44 women aged over 30 years with bilateral primary breast cancer, 60 women with unilateral breast cancer, matched for age and menopausal status with the bilateral cases, and 937 normal women, again all aged over 30 years. The mammograms were classified according to Wolfe's criteria. Both groups of cancer patients were found to have a significantly (p less than 0.05) greater proportion of pre-menopausal women with the DY type of breast parenchymal pattern compared with the normal pre-menopausal women. No association was found between the P2 mammographic pattern and breast cancer. The study failed to show any difference in the distribution of mammographic risk categories in women with bilateral disease and those with unilateral cancers only. PMID- 6616134 TI - Effect of contrast media on red cell filtrability and morphology. AB - The effects of radiological contrast media on red cell morphology and rigidity have been studied. It has been shown that all the contrast agents studied, even when iso-osmolar with plasma, produce changes in red cell morphology, revealing the intrinsic chemotoxicity of contrast medium molecules. The changes are greatest with the most strongly protein-bound medium investigated--meglumine ioglycamide. The effects on red cell rigidity, on the other hand, appear purely a function of osmolality, being entirely reproducible with hyperosmolar solutions of saline. At concentrations iso-osmolar with plasma no effect on deformability is observed. Since the increased rigidity of red cells induced by contrast medium adversely affects blood flow, the use of the new low-osmolality contrast media is particularly recommended in pulmonary angiography and renal arteriography. PMID- 6616135 TI - Isomeric purity and supersaturation of iopamidol. AB - We have found that iopamidol 370 mg I/ml solutions may be greatly supersaturated and iopamidol 300 mg I/ml solutions slightly supersaturated at 4 degrees C and at 25 degrees C. The solubility and degree of supersaturation probably depend on the isomeric purity of the preparation. Some possible implications are discussed. PMID- 6616136 TI - Gastrointestinal fluoroscopy: patient dose and methods for its reduction. AB - The aim of this study was to demonstrate a method which could be used to identify factors which contribute to the radiation exposure to patients from fluoroscopy during contrast examinations of the gastro-intestinal tract. Measurements of exposure made at the level of the X-ray tube collimator were extrapolated to obtain entrance exposure at the centre of the field and used as an index of the integral dose to the patient. Such data have heretofore been unavailable. The population studied included 65 patients ranging in age from 1 month to 21 years. In an initial study, median entrance exposure at the field centre for barium swallow examinations ranged from 0.98 to 1.7 mC/kg (3.8 to 6.6 R); barium meal: 1.9-5.7 mC/kg (7.4-22 R); barium meal with small bowel: 1.4-7.7 mC/kg (5.3-30 R); barium enema: 0.93-7.7 mC/kg (3.6-41 R). Gonadal dose, measured in males, ranged from undetectable to 0.71 mGy (71 mrad). The presence of contrast medium in the fluoroscopic field increased the exposure from a single 100 mm spot film, taken with automatic exposure control, by a factor of up to 16, and fluoroscopic exposure rate, using automatic brightness control, by a factor of 2 or more. We recommend modifications in the operation and design of fluoroscopic equipment, especially when fitted with brightness and exposure controls, for the reduction of patient exposure. Implementation of two modifications, a high/low dose switch, and a variable aperture iris diaphragm, reduced patient exposure from 1.4 to 3.4 times. PMID- 6616137 TI - Tungsten anode tubes with K-edge filters for mammography. AB - A number of authors have calculated the optimum X-ray energies for mammography using, as a criterion, the maximum signal to noise ratio (SNR) per unit dose to the breast, or conversely the minimum exposure for constant SNR. Filters having absorption edges at appropriate energy positions have been used to modify the shape of tungsten anode spectra to bring them close to the calculated optimum. The suitability of such spectra for practical use has been assessed by comparing both the film image quality and the incident breast dose obtained using a K-edge filtered tungsten anode tube with that obtained using a molybdenum anode tube. Image quality has been assessed both by using a "random" phantom and by comparing mammograms of women attending a screening clinic where one breast was radiographed using a filtered tungsten anode tube and the other using a standard molybdenum anode unit. Relative breast doses were estimated from both ionisation chamber measurements with a phantom and thermoluminescent dosimetry measurements on the breast. The film image quality assessment indicated that the filtered tungsten anode tube gave results which were not significantly different from those obtained with a molybdenum anode tube for a tissue thickness of about 4 cm and which were better for larger breast thicknesses. The dose could be reduced to between one-half and one-third with the filtered tungsten anode tube. PMID- 6616138 TI - Occupational exposure in medicine--a review of radiation doses to hospital staff in north-west England. AB - The personal monitoring service operated by the Regional Physics Department at the Christie Hospital and Holt Radium Institute, Manchester, monitors staff involved with the uses of ionising radiations at all hospitals and clinics administered by the North Western Region Health Authority in England. Monitoring results relating principally to exposure during 1981 have been collated and examined. The analysis indicates that the doses received by staff are for the most part very low and provide little reason for concern. The only area of work in which worthwhile and cost-effective dose reductions could probably be achieved is that involving the use of pre-loaded applicators in gynaecological intra cavitary therapy. Some relatively high staff exposures result from the use of this technique, and very significant reductions in these doses are confidently expected from a programme which has now commenced for the increasing use of remotely-controlled after-loading equipment housed in shielded treatment rooms. PMID- 6616139 TI - The labelling of EMT-6 tumours in BALB/C mice with 14C-misonidazole. AB - 14C-misonidazole was injected IP into BALB/C mice bearing EMT-6 tumours. Tumour and normal tissue levels of radioactivity were determined by liquid scintillation procedures for times up to 72 h after drug administration. At times longer than 8 h, levels of 14C in tumour were 2-6 times higher than 14C levels measured in other normal tissues, with the exception of liver. The levels of 14C from misonidazole retained in liver tissue were comparable to those retained in the tumours. The clearance of 14C-misonidazole from the tumours and all normal tissues could be characterised by two distinct phases: a rapid phase (0.7 h half life) followed by a much slower phase (approximately 50 h half-life). The distribution of retained 14C from labelled misonidazole within tumour-bearing mice was also measured by whole animal autoradiographic techniques. This procedure confirmed the biodistribution of 14C-misonidazole determined by liquid scintillation procedures. To enhance binding to hypoxic cells in vivo, 14C misonidazole was administered in multiple doses over a three-hour period, simulating a prolonged exposure to the drug. The 14C from labelled misonidazole retained in tumour tissue was 4-15 times greater than that retained in normal tissues, liver tissue being again an exception. Myocardial ischaemia was induced by isoproterenol treatment and a two-fold increase of 14C from labelled misonidazole was found in the heart tissue of mice treated by the drug compared to controls. The increased binding of 14C-misonidazole to tumour cells after prolonged exposure to the drug and the increased binding of 14C-misonidazole to ischaemic heart tissue suggests that hypoxia is a factor in sensitiser adduct formation in vivo. PMID- 6616140 TI - Biliary-bronchial fistula due to old hydatid cyst demonstrated with Tc-HIDA. PMID- 6616141 TI - Abnormal urethrogram in bulbar urethritis of male childhood. PMID- 6616142 TI - Atlanto-axial impaction and compression of the medulla oblongata and proximal spinal cord in rheumatoid arthritis evaluated by CT scanning. PMID- 6616144 TI - Follicular carcinoma of the thyroid following radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6616143 TI - Tamoxifen-induced regression of pulmonary metastases from renal cell carcinoma. PMID- 6616145 TI - A refinement to a radiation dose reduction modification for an EMI CT 5005 whole body scanner filtration system. PMID- 6616146 TI - The radiological effects of nuclear war. PMID- 6616147 TI - Chest wall localisation in post-mastectomy bone scanning. PMID- 6616148 TI - Contrast media in paediatric radiology. PMID- 6616149 TI - Rapid transit large volume barium follow-through examinations. PMID- 6616150 TI - Iridium afterloading techniques. PMID- 6616151 TI - Needle afterloading techniques. PMID- 6616152 TI - Carcinoid arthropathy. PMID- 6616153 TI - Sequential bone scans and chest radiographs in the postoperative management of early breast cancer. AB - A total of 241 patients with early breast cancer had serial bone scans and chest radiographs during the first two years of follow-up after primary treatment. Each patient had had a modified radical mastectomy and been found to have involved axillary nodes. They were part of a prospective randomized trial testing the use of L-phenylalanine mustard L-PAM as adjuvant chemotherapy. During the two years, these patients had a total of 832 serial bone scans and 1091 serial chest radiographs. Twenty-five patients (10.4 per cent) had bone metastases detected on sequential scanning, only 13 of whom, however, were asymptomatic at the time of the positive scan. Twelve (5 per cent) patients were found to have pulmonary metastases on routine sequential chest radiography of whom only 8 were asymptomatic at the time of the positive chest radiograph. It is concluded from this study that, apart from their usefulness in the monitoring of clinical trials, serial bone scans and chest radiographs cannot be recommended routinely in the follow-up of asymptomatic patients because of the low yield and high cost involved. PMID- 6616154 TI - The influence of disease at the margin of resection on the outcome of Crohn's disease. AB - Sixty-seven patients with Crohn's disease undergoing 81 resections followed by a restorative procedure were reviewed to evaluate the influence of microscopic disease at the margin of resection on the recurrence rate. The average follow-up after resection was 5.6 +/- 2.8 years. The resectional margins were classified into three groups depending on the microscopic appearance of the most involved margin. Recurrent disease developed in 36 per cent of the resections without microscopic evidence of Crohn's disease, while 38 per cent of the resections with signs of Crohn's disease developed a clinical recurrence. The recurrence rate increased with the follow-up time, but was independent of microscopical disease at the resectional margins. Therefore we recommend restricted resection of macroscopically diseased bowel. Microscopical involvement does not seem to increase the recurrence rate. PMID- 6616155 TI - A definition of arteriomegaly and the size of arteries supplying the lower limbs. AB - A study has been made of the size of normal arteries supplying the lower limbs by measuring their circumferences at fixed points in cadavers and their diameters and lengths on aortographs. The arteriographs of a group of patients with dilated and elongated arteries have also been studied and a definition produced for the arteriographic condition known as arteriomegaly. PMID- 6616156 TI - The mechanical properties of glutaraldehyde stabilized human umbilical vein measured in vivo. AB - Vascular prostheses, when used to bypass the femoral and popliteal arteries, and particularly if the bypass is made to the distal part of the tibial arteries, seldom remain patent, or if they do then for only a limited period of time. Femorotibial bypass with modified human umbilical vein is relatively successful in selected patients and one explanation may be that it resembles human arteries more than other prostheses. We have developed a method of calculating the asymptotic phase speed, from the propagation constant and from this the characteristic impedance of a bypass (all of which characterize viscoelastic behaviour). Calculations were made on measurements of pressure made in vivo. Twenty patients who had a femorotibial bypass, using glutaraldehyde stabilized umbilical vein, were studied and, from measurements of pressure made at operation, we calculated the asymptotic phase speed and the characteristic impedance of the prostheses. Results show that the viscoelastic properties of newly implanted umbilical vein are comparable to those of autogenous saphenous vein. PMID- 6616157 TI - Antibiotic concentration in the exudate of venous ulcers: the prediction of ulcer healing rate. AB - We have designed a test to measure the local circulatory insufficiency in the base of chronic venous ulcers by measuring the concentration of Cefuroxime in the ulcer exudate following a single intravenous injection of the antibiotic at a dose of 500 mg/m2. We have studied 28 patients with 42 ulcers and shown that the concentration achieved increased with in-patient conservative treatment (P less than 0.01), decreased again on discharge from hospital if the ulcers had not healed (P less than 0.01) and correlated with observed healing rates (r = 0.72). This test may assist in the clinical management of these cases by predicting healing rates and the likely outcome of conservative treatment. PMID- 6616158 TI - Prediction of risk in biliary surgery. AB - To identify individual risk factors and to establish an index of risk in biliary tract surgery, data on 16 potential predictive factors were compiled from a series of 186 biliary tract operations excluding simple cholecystectomy. Eight factors had a significant association with postoperative mortality. Linear discriminant analysis showed that serum creatinine, serum albumin and serum bilirubin levels in the week before surgery had independent significance in predicting postoperative mortality. The discriminant function derived identified a high risk group of patients and the predictive value was confirmed in an independent series of 54 biliary tract operations carried out in another surgical unit. The discriminant function derived for patients jaundiced before surgery also defined a high and low risk group and was similarly validated. Identification of high risk patients undergoing surgery for obstructive jaundice may be useful in defining a group of patients to be considered for trials of preliminary biliary drainage. PMID- 6616159 TI - Intramuscular pressure after revascularization of the popliteal artery in severe ischaemia. AB - Swelling is known to occur after peripheral revascularization. In this study of 14 patients undergoing revascularization of the popliteal artery for severe ischaemia, leg swelling and intramuscular pressure were recorded before and after operation. Calf circumference increased with a maximum swelling of 3.9 +/- 1.1 cm on postoperative day 6. There was a gradual increase in intramuscular pressure from 9 +/- 2 mmHg on the day before operation in the anterior tibial compartment to a maximum pressure on postoperative days 6-7 of 26 +/- 4 mmHg. Similar intramuscular pressure changes were seen in the superficial posterior compartment. These high intramuscular pressures may lead to a compartment syndrome and perhaps graft failure, which was actually observed in one case. Deep vein thrombosis in the postoperative course may contribute to the high intramuscular pressures. Phlebography revealed a deep-vein thrombosis in 2 patients. In conclusion popliteal revascularization causes leg swelling and increased intramuscular pressure which may lead to a compartment syndrome and graft failure. Therefore follow-up of intramuscular pressure in patients with marked swelling after distal revascularization procedures and early fasciotomy may be considered on wide indications. PMID- 6616160 TI - Reoperative parathyroid surgery. AB - The increasing recognition of hypercalcaemia caused by primary hyperparathyroidism has led to a rise in the number of failed parathyroid exploration. We report a series of 37 parathyroid re-explorations on 33 patients with persistent hypercalcaemia following the failure of their previous parathyroid surgery. Of these patients, 27 have been cured of their hypercalcaemia but 7 are permanently hypocalcaemic. The results of the parathyroid localization tests used in this series are described, and the difficulties of reoperative parathyroid surgery are discussed. The reasons for failure of the original operations are analysed. Many are avoidable. Based on our experience strategies are described for parathyroid localization and reoperative surgery. PMID- 6616161 TI - Changes in small bowel myoelectrical activity following laparotomy. AB - Recordings of the myoelectrical activity have been obtained from the small intestine of 4 dogs by means of serosally implanted electrodes. The occurrence of the activity front (phase III) of the migrating myoelectrical cycle (MMC) in the recordings obtained each day after abdominal surgery have been compared. No activity fronts were seen on postoperative days 1 and 2. From days 3 to 6 there was a slightly reduced incidence, but from day 7 onwards an activity front was observed in each recording. It is concluded that the normal pattern of cyclic myoelectrical activity in the small intestine is disrupted for at least 2 days following a laparotomy, and the view that small bowel motility returns to normal soon after routine abdominal surgery may be inaccurate. PMID- 6616162 TI - Risk of gastric cancer after Billroth II resection for duodenal ulcer. AB - In a follow-up study of 1000 patients, who were subjected to Billroth II resection for duodenal ulcer, the incidence and mortality of gastric carcinoma in a 22-30 year follow-up period were determined. Among the 423 survivors traced, 196 underwent gastroscopy and biopsy but carcinomas of the gastric remnant were not seen. Thus the prevalence was 0, not significantly different from the expected prevalence of 0.3. From all 1000 patients only 13 cases of gastric carcinoma were identified. This is not significantly different from the expected number of 10.6 calculated by the life table method and indirectly standardized for age, sex, place of residence and time. Even more than 15 years after operation the gastric cancer risk was only slightly increased (observed/expected = 7/4.8 +/- 1.48), but this was not significant statistically. Of 522 deaths 13 were due to gastric carcinoma, which was not significantly different from the expected number of 10.2. These epidemiological data show that individuals subjected to Billroth II resection for duodenal ulcer hardly have a higher risk of gastric carcinoma than the general population within the first decades after operation. Thus proplylactic endoscopical monitoring will be unrewarding. PMID- 6616163 TI - Fatal infection in mice after injection of immunosuppressive serum fractions from surgical patients. AB - Following surgical or accidental trauma many patients show suppression of cellular immunity. In this investigation sera from severely burned patients and patients undergoing aortic aneurysm repair were studied. Sera shown to suppress phytohaemagglutinin-induced blastogenesis of normal human lymphocytes were fractionated using ion exchange and G25 Sephadex chromatography. Suppressive activity was largely confined to a low molecular weight (LMW) fraction and was dose dependent. LMW fractions of normal sera had no significant suppressive activity. The purpose of this study was to test the causal relationship between immunosuppressive serum and decreased resistance to bacterial infection. Listeria monocytogenes infected mice were used as an in vivo model to test suppression of cellular immunity. Injection of LMW fractions of suppressive sera significantly increased mortality in these mice, but had no effect on non-infected mice. There was good correlation between the in vitro and in vivo effects of the suppressive fractions. These results suggest that a circulating factor in the serum of injured patients suppresses cellular immunity and may be responsible for impaired resistance to infection. PMID- 6616164 TI - Serum tetracycline level following peritoneal lavage. PMID- 6616165 TI - Intraperitoneal bleeding due to primary splenic pregnancy. PMID- 6616166 TI - A case of congenital urethral duplication cyst and its embryological significance. PMID- 6616167 TI - Actinomyces in the female genital tract. A preliminary report. AB - Actinomyces spp were isolated by culture of endocervical specimens from two groups of women attending the department of genitourinary medicine of the Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield. The first group consisted of 78 users of intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCD) of whom 20 (25.6%) were culture positive. The second group contained 63 women using various forms of contraception 12 (19%) of whom were culture positive. None of these 12 women had an IUCD or foreign body in situ. The results suggest that Actinomyces spp may be part of the commensal flora of the genital tract in some women. PMID- 6616168 TI - The VDRL test in the diagnosis of syphilis. PMID- 6616169 TI - Serotypes of antibodies against chlamydiae. PMID- 6616170 TI - Synaptic arrangements in the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the squirrel. AB - Because murine rodents have no complex synaptic arrangements in the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL), we sought to determine if the lack of complexity was a characteristic common to all rodents. We studied the synaptology of VPL in the fox squirrel, Sciurus niger, using electron microscopy. We found vesicle containing dendrites and complex synaptic arrangements in the squirrel VPL. Therefore, the relative simplicity of the rat and mouse VPL is not a general feature of the rodent somatosensory thalamus. PMID- 6616171 TI - Topographical organisation of the retina in a monotreme: Australian spiny anteater Tachyglossus aculeatus. AB - The topography of the ganglion cell layer of the retina has been examined in the spiny anteater or echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus. The retina measures about 70 mm2 in area and contains approximately 60,000 ganglion cells. The somas of the cells do not form distinct size groupings, as they do in other mammals, where the size groupings are related to functional differences. There is only a weak gradient in the density of ganglion cells between central and peripheral regions of the retina. In particular, there is no sign of a localised concentration of cells, such as at the fovea or area centralis of other species, and only very weak evidence of a visual streak. There is thus very little regional variation in the structure of the echidna retina, less than in any mammal previously studied. Implications for the understanding of comparative retinal topography are discussed. PMID- 6616172 TI - From salamanders to mammals: continuity in musculoskeletal function during locomotion. PMID- 6616173 TI - The organization of the olivocerebellar projection in the chicken. AB - The olivocerebellar pathway in the chicken was studied, using the horseradish peroxidase retrograde tracing technique. The inferior olivary nuclear complex (IOC) of the chicken comprises a dorsal and a ventral lamella and projects to the contralateral cerebellar hemisphere. In this paper the organization of the olivocerebellar pathways in the chicken is compared with the mammalian olivocerebellar pathway. The present results, taken in conjunction with data on the embryogenesis of the rat IOC, suggest that the avian dorsal lamella represents, from lateral to medial, the dorsal olivary nucleus, the principal olivary nucleus, and the rostral and a small part of the caudal medial nucleus (MO) of mammals, while the ventral lamella represents a larger part of the caudal MO of mammals. PMID- 6616174 TI - Demonstration of axonal projections of neurons in the rat hippocampus and subiculum by intracellular injection of HRP. AB - Hippocampal formation neurons of rat were injected intracellularly with horseradish peroxidase in order to trace intrinsic and extrinsic axonal projections. CA3 pyramids (n = 9) projected axons rostrally toward the fimbria, one or more Schafer collaterals toward CA1, and in two cases fibers that crossed the hippocampal commissure. Pyramids of CA1 (n = 5) projected axons to the alveus where they proceeded caudally toward the subiculum. A subset (n = 3) also projected an axonal branch rostrally toward the fimbria. These findings confirm not only major target regions of Ammon's horn pyramids, but also emphasize their divergent axonal projections that are not necessarily lamellar in organization. Axons from subicular pyramids (n = 12) projected rostrally, caudally, or in both directions. They could be traced to several other cortical regions, specifically Ammon's horn, entorhinal cortex and cingulate cortex. The results further confirm that subicular neurons are the recipient of input from the hippocampus proper and are a principal source of efferents from the hippocampal formation. A multi process neuron in CA1 with physiologic properties associated with inhibitory interneurons was filled and traced in detail. It most resembled the poligonal basket cells that Lorente de No described, having long radially oriented dendrites extending as far as stratum lacunosum-moleculare. The presence of putative inhibitory interneuron dendrites in stratum lacunosum-moleculare suggests some role other than traditional recurrent inhibition for these dendritic segments, and two possible circuits are described. PMID- 6616175 TI - Alterations in the postnatal development of the cerebellar cortex due to zinc deficiency. I. Impaired acquisition of granule cells. AB - The effects of zinc deficiency on cerebellar development were investigated in suckling rats. In 21-day-old zinc-deficient rats the cerebellum as well as the whole brain was reduced in size. The cerebellar cortex was underdeveloped and showed a persistence of the external granule cell layer, a reduction in the thickness of molecular layer and a decrease in the area of the internal granule cell layer. Lobular variations were present. Along the posterior superior fissure there was approximately a 60% reduction in the number of granule cells and in the number of granule cells per Purkinje cell. It was suggested that the reduction in the number of granule cells was predominantly the result of impaired cell proliferation in the external granule cell layer. Comparisons with undernourished, pair-fed pups indicated that the effects of zinc deficiency could not be mediated totally through the reduced food consumption experienced by zinc deficient dams. PMID- 6616176 TI - Inhibitory mechanism in zebrafish optic tectum: visual response properties of tectal cells altered by picrotoxin and bicuculline. AB - In previous work we described 4 types of visual response among tectal cells of the zebrafish. Cells of one class, type I, have no spontaneous activity, but respond phasically at ON and OFF. Their responses to moving edges, to stimuli that grow in size, and to stimuli equal in size and shape to the whole receptive field (RF) suggest that these cells may receive inhibitory input from near neighbor cells of the same type in the tectum, as well as excitatory input from retinal fibers. In order to further investigate this hypothesis we have studied the effects of drugs on physiological properties of type I cells recorded in the stratum periventriculare layer of the zebrafish tectum. Small (10-50 nl) injections of drugs were made in the tectum while recording 100-500 microns away with extracellular microelectrodes. Both picrotoxin and bicuculline produce the following effects: (1) onset of spontaneous bursting multiunit activity. This noise can be recorded at all depths within the tectum; (2) abolition of the second postsynaptic wave of the optic nerve shock field potential and the current source responsible for it, which occurs in the upper tectal layers at 8 ms latency. This probably represents the secondary activation of inhibitory synapses in those layers; (3) alteration of visual response properties of individual type I tectal cells. The duration of response to small flashing spots and to stimuli that grow in size both increase significantly. Responses to moving edges, which normally occur mostly as the significantly. Responses to moving edges, which normally occur mostly as the edge is crossing the RF border, become extended to encompass the entire RF. Finally, the cells show reduced negative spatial summation following drug injection. All of these effects are fully reversible with time after injection as the drugs wash out. Control injections (of teleost Ringer's solution, 100 mM HCl, 165 mM NaCl, and strychnine 2 mM or 5 mM) do not elicit any of these effects. The results reported here are consistent with the hypothesis that tectal type I cells receive a delayed inhibitory input, probably via GABA synapses, which determines major properties of the visual response. PMID- 6616177 TI - Studies of cerebral beta-hydroxybutyrate transport by carotid injection; effects of age, diet and injectant composition. AB - Transport of beta-hydroxybutyrate at the blood--brain barrier was studied by the carotid-injection technique of Oldendorf. beta-hydroxybutyrate permeability declined sharply with age (80-300 g rats) and, in adult rats, increased 5-fold during one week on a high fat diet. Acetoacetate and lactate permeabilities showed age and diet dependences which were similar in direction whereas DMO, urea and mannitol did not show age and diet dependent permeabilities. There was no apparent increase of beta-hydroxybutyrate Km with age, so the decline of permeability was attributed to a decline of Vmax. beta-Hydroxybutyrate permeability was inversely related to pH of the injectant in the alkaline range but not in the acid range, suggesting that the pH dependence reflected titration of a carrier rather than titration of the permeant. Permeability was independent of [Na+], [K+], [Cl-] and [SO2-(4)]. Replacing a portion of the Na+ with ammonium enhanced beta-hydroxybutyrate uptake. This effect appeared to be due to trans alkalization, and was as expected of an A-/H+-symport or A-/OH- -antiport mechanism. Pyruvate, 4-hydroxy-alpha-cyanocinnamate and tetracaine inhibited, but SITS, DIDS, phloretin and methyl-isobutylxanthine did not. The data are consistent with transport by an A-/H+ -symporter or A-/OH- -antiporter with properties similar to those found in erythrocytes and other cells. Induction of its activity during ketosis would spare carbohydrate both by favoring ketoacid uptake and by favoring lactate output. PMID- 6616178 TI - Modification of the initiation of locomotion in Hermissenda: behavioral analysis. AB - We have examined the effect of a conditioning procedure on various components of visually guided locomotion in Hermissenda. Temporally specific stimulation of the visual system and gravity detecting system (statocysts) with light and rotation produced long-term changes in locomotor behavior. We found that the latency to initiate locomotion in the presence of light was significantly increased for the conditioned group as compared to baseline pre-test latencies and groups that received random presentations of the conditioning stimuli. The variability in the time taken by animals to enter a central illuminated area as reported in earlier studies can be accounted for by the increase in the latency to initiate locomotion. The modifications of visually influenced locomotion exhibits stimulus (CS) specificity since locomotor behavior is not changed following conditioning in the absence of light. In addition, conditioned animals remained in the brightest part of the light gradient significantly less than pre-test measurements. Since this response (initiation of locomotion) can be studied in a semi-intact preparation, it should be possible to investigate how this example of learning generates changes in behavior. PMID- 6616179 TI - Chemical kindling by muscarinic amygdaloid stimulation in the rat. AB - 507 Holtzman rats received injections, through chemitrodes chronically implanted into the basolateral amygdala, of 0.2-1 microliter of sterile isotonic solution containing nanomolar quantities of cholinergic muscarinic agonists and/or antagonists. The bulk of the injected solution diffused only a short distance as judged by autoradiography. Once daily injections of 2.7 nmoles of carbamylcholine, an initially subconvulsive dose, kindled the progressive development of epileptic seizures similar to those seen in electrical amygdaloid kindling. This response was dependent on dose and on interstimulus interval, and once established persisted at least 8 weeks without further stimulation. Spontaneous seizures were observed in some fully kindled animals. No kindling specific changes were seen by light microscopy. Muscarine (3 nmol) and the active (+), but not the inactive (-), isomer of acetyl-beta-methylcholine also kindled seizures. The action of (+)-acetyl-beta-methylcholine was potentiated by the cholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine. The muscarinic antagonists atropine and quinuclidinyl benzylate (QNB) blocked kindling by carbamylcholine or muscarine. Atropine, QBN and scopolamine greatly reduced agonist-induced seizures in previously kindled rats. Highly significant transfer effects were observed between muscarinic agonists, i.e. muscarine-kindled rats had widespread seizures on their first carbamylcholine exposure and vice versa. Kindled animals had a lowered seizure threshold for muscarinic agonists. Dibutyryl cyclic GMP produced seizures but no kindling. Those results demonstrate that in this model the stimulation of a group of muscarinic cholinergic synapses is both necessary and sufficient to induce a kindled state characterized by both evoked and spontaneous seizures, and support the view that epilepsy can be acquired and expressed transsynaptically. PMID- 6616180 TI - Genetic heterogeneity for the development of audiogenic seizures in mice. PMID- 6616181 TI - Quantitative autoradiography of [3H]corticosterone receptors in rat brain. AB - We have quantified corticosterone receptors in rat brain by optical density measurements of tritium-film autoradiograms. Rats were injected i.v. with 500 microCi [3H]corticosterone to label brain receptors. Frozen sections of brain were cut with a cryostat and exposed for 2 months against tritium-sensitive sheet film (LKB Ultrofilm). Tritium standards were used to convert optical density readings into molar concentrations of receptor. High levels of corticosterone receptors were present throughout the pyramidal and granule cell layers of the hippocampus. Moderate levels of receptors were found in the neuropil of the hippocampus, the lateral septum, the cortical nucleus of the amygdala and the entorhinal cortex. All other brain regions had low levels of receptors. These results extend previous non-quantitative autoradiographic studies of corticosterone receptors and provide a general procedure for the quantitative autoradiography of steroid hormone receptors in brain tissue. PMID- 6616182 TI - Both fast and slow relay cells in lateral geniculate nucleus of rabbits receive recurrent inhibition. AB - Intracellular recordings from slow relay cells in the rabbit lateral geniculate nucleus demonstrated that the slow cells, just like the fast ones, receive a monosynaptic EPSP and a trisynaptic IPSP from the optic nerve. The IPSP is most likely mediated by interneurones activated by recurrent collaterals of the relay cell axon. In slow relay cells, both the EPSP and the IPSP from the optic nerve are brought about via the same group of slowly-conducting fibers. No mutual inhibition between the fast and the slow conducting system was observed in the rabbit lateral geniculate nucleus. PMID- 6616183 TI - Lack of binocular inhibition in monocular segment of lateral geniculate nucleus of rabbits. AB - In the monocular segment of the rabbit lateral geniculate nucleus, relay cells responded exclusively to the contralateral optic input with an EPSP-IPSP sequence. The ipsilateral optic input could neither evoke PSPs nor facilitate the PSPs from the contralateral eye, indicating the absence of binocular inhibition in the segment. PMID- 6616184 TI - Bilaterally synchronized oscillations in human diaphragm and intercostal EMGs during spontaneous breathing. AB - Bilaterally synchronized high-frequency oscillations have been found in recordings of human diaphragm and intercostal EMGs during spontaneous breathing (SB). Correlated frequencies (28-52 and/or 68-88 Hz) in the left and right diaphragm EMGs during SB: (1) are at similar values, but not as broad-band, as those found during voluntary breathing maneuvers; (2) often occur at the same values as correlated frequencies found in left and right intercostal EMGs; and (3) fluctuate with time. PMID- 6616185 TI - Amygdala and pyriform cortex kindling in vasopressin deficient rats (Brattleboro strain). AB - Homozygous and heterozygous Brattleboro rats and Long--Evans control rats were subjected to repeated electrical stimulation of the amygdala or pyriform cortex in a kindling paradigm. The homozygous Brattleboro group stimulated in the amygdala was retarded in its kindling rate relative to heterozygous Brattleboros and Long--Evans controls. The retarded kindling rate of the homozygous Brattleboros stimulated in the amygdala is attributed to a delay in seizure development at stages 1 and 2 which suggests that vasopressin may be necessary for normal kindling from the amygdala to take place. PMID- 6616186 TI - 'In situ' release of dopamine in the nucleus amygdaloideus centralis. PMID- 6616187 TI - Effects of ethanol on postnatal cell acquisition in the rat cerebellum. AB - Cell generation and cell survival were investigated in the cerebellum of young rats exposed to 10% v/v ethanol in drinking water throughout gestation and lactation. At 12 days postpartum, cell cycle parameters in the external granular layer showed no significant change from control values, and the cell acquisition rate was unaffected. However, the external granular layer appeared thicker in ethanol-treated than in control 12-day-old animals, and a significant increase in cell death in the internal granular layer was observed. It is suggested that the effect of ethanol on the developing cerebellum may involve reduction of granule cell number consequent to increased granule cell death, and possibly retarded migration from the proliferating precursor cell pool. PMID- 6616188 TI - Global increase in cerebral metabolism and blood flow produced by focal electrical stimulation of dorsal medullary reticular formation in rat. AB - We sought to determine whether the increases in local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) elicited by focal electrical stimulation within the dorsal medullary reticular formation (DMRF), are secondary to or independent of, increased local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU). Rats were anesthetized (chloralose), paralyzed, artificially ventilated and arterial pressure and blood gases controlled. LCBF and LCGU were determined in two separate groups of animals, using the autoradiographic [14C]iodoantipyrine and [14C]2-deoxyglucose methods, respectively. In unstimulated controls, LCBF (n = 5) and LCGU (n = 5) were linearly related (r = 0.780; P less than 0.001) in the 27 brain regions studied. During DMRF stimulation LCGU increased significantly in 21 of the 27 regions, including cerebral cortex (up to 168% of control), thalamic nuclei (up to 161%) and selected ponto-medullary regions (e.g. parabrachial complex: 212%; vestibular complex: 147%). Along with LCGU, LCBF rose significantly in 25 regions (sensory motor cortex: 163%; anterior thalamus: 161%; parabrachial complex: 186%). Correlation analysis demonstrated that, during DMRF stimulation, the close relationship between LCBF and LCGU is preserved (r = 0.845; P less than 0.001) and that, in addition, the increase in LCBF (delta LCBF) is proportional to the increase in LCGU (delta LCGU) (delta LCBF = 2.18 delta LCGU + 6.92; r = 0.7729; P less than 0.001). Excitation of neurons or fibers within DMRF increases brain metabolism globally and blood flow secondarily. The DMRF appears to modulate cerebral metabolism globally, by as yet undefined pathways. PMID- 6616189 TI - Retinotopic organization of striate and extrastriate visual cortex in the hooded rat. AB - The visuotopic organization of the primary visual cortex (area 17) and the extrastriate visual regions surrounding it (areas 18a and 18) has been studied in gray rats using standard microelectrode mapping techniques. The results confirm and extend previous observations in the rat. Apart from the representation of the contralateral visual field (VF) in area 17, in which the upper VF is represented caudally and the nasal VF laterally, there are additional representations of the VF in the extrastriate cortex. In lateral extrastriate cortex (area 18a) there are at least 4 such representations, namely lateromedial (LM), anterolateral (AL), laterointermediate (LI) and laterolateral (LL). In LM (second visual area) the upper VF is represented caudally and the nasal VF medially, being thus a mirror image of V1. In AL (third visual area) the upper VF is represented rostrally and the nasal VF, medially, being thus a mirror image of LM. In LI, the upper VF is medial and the nasal VF, lateral, being thus a mirror image of LM, or a reduced copy of V1. In medial extrastriate cortex (area 18) there are two representations of the temporal VF, labeled anteromedial (AM) and posteromedial (PM). In AM, the upper temporal VF is medial and the lower temporal VF, lateral, the extreme temporal field being rostral. The 30 degrees azimuth provides the boundary between AM and PM. Thus, AM is organized as a counter-clockwise rotation by 90 degrees of the V1 representation. In PM, the upper lower VF topography is like in AM, but the extreme temporal VF is caudal, being thus a mirror image of AM. PMID- 6616190 TI - Massive retinotectal projection in rats. AB - Retinal ganglion cells were labeled with horseradish peroxidase injected into the superior colliculus of normal pigmented rats. It is shown that virtually all ganglion cells with crossed axons project to the tectum, thus including all cell types described so far in the rat. The results contrast with the conclusion that only one-third of the ganglion cell population project to the tectum in normal hamsters. PMID- 6616191 TI - Time of neuron origin in the amygdaloid complex of the mouse. AB - The time of origin of the amygdaloid complex was studied in mice injected once with tritiated thymidine during gestation or early neonatal development. Neurons for this nucleus and related nuclei arose during embryonic days 11-15. No mediolateral or dorsoventral gradients, but a distinct rostrocaudal gradient of proliferation was evident in comparisons of both rostral vs caudal nuclei and of anterior vs posterior regions of individual nuclei, such as the cortical nucleus. Since the pattern of development of this controversial nucleus was similar to that of nuclei in both centromedial and basolateral groups, time of origin data could not aid its assignment to one of these subdivisions. PMID- 6616192 TI - Morphological evidence that regenerating axons can fuse with severed axon segments. AB - Regenerating axons of sensory neurons in the leech nerve cord usually reconnect with their normal targets by growing the entire distance from the site of lesion to the target. However, in less than 1% to nearly 10% of cases a rapid restoration of the normal arborization occurs when the regenerating axon connects with the severed distal segment of the same cell or another cell of the same modality. The passage of horseradish peroxidase (mol. wt approximately 40,000 daltons) from the regenerating axon selectively into the axon or cell with which it has connected indicates that the two have joined or fused, rather than become linked by an electrical synapse, as sometimes occurs for other neurons in the leech. These results support the conclusions, based largely on physiological data from regenerating motor axons in crayfish, that unusually rapid and complete regeneration can occur when a growing axon fuses with its severed distal segment. PMID- 6616193 TI - Regrowth of anastomosed ventral root nerve fibers in the dorsal root of rats. AB - Ventral root fibers were challenged to regrow through a peripheral (PNS)-central nervous (CNS) pathway after being anastomosed to the ipsilateral dorsal root. Regeneration occurred in the PNS part of the root but failed in the CNS part of the root as revealed by electron microscopy. PMID- 6616194 TI - Microglial movement to sites of nerve lesion in the leech CNS. AB - The small glial cells in the central nervous system of the leech, Hirudo medicinalis, have been studied using two histological stains. Weak silver carbonate, a classic stain for vertebrate microglia, can selectively stain these small glial cells and shows that they are morphologically similar to vertebrate microglia. Feulgen's DNA-specific stain is useful for counting the compact and distinctive microglial nuclei. In uninjured connectives, which link segmental ganglia, there are 134 +/- 28 microglia per 210 micron of connective length. Within 24 h after the nerve cord is crushed leech microglia aggregate at the site of injury. This increase in cells, seen both in vivo and in culture, is approximately 5-fold. Although cells do not continue to accumulate at the injury site after the first day, their numbers continue to vary with time in the regions immediately adjacent to the crush for at least one week. A second crush made 24 h after the first shows that leech microglia are capable of responding to repeated injury. PMID- 6616195 TI - Decrease of [14C]2-deoxyglucose uptake at the intracerebellar nuclei during cerebellar cortex stimulation. AB - The effect of electrical stimulation of the cerebellar cortex at 10-30 c/s on metabolism in the intracerebellar nuclei has been studied using the [14C]2 deoxyglucose method. The experiments, performed on anesthetized or immobilized animals did not produce any detectable changes in the radioautographic labeling of the intracerebellar nuclei compared with controls. Experiments were also performed in animals pretreated with 3-acetylpyridine neurotoxin which selectively destroys the inferior olive and produces an intense labeling of the intracerebellar nuclei. Less marking was observed in restricted regions of the intracerebellar nuclei receiving the axon terminals of the stimulated Purkinje cells if the experiments were done within the first few hours. Following 3 acetylpyridine intoxication, in this early phase, destruction of the inferior olivary cell bodies occurs, but the climbing fibers remain intact. At 2 days or more following 3-acetylpyridine, changes in marking with stimulation could no longer be obtained. The finding is interpreted as being due to an actual reduction of the Purkinje cell activity upon stimulation of the cerebellar cortex, leading to a reduction of the metabolic activity at their presynaptic terminals. PMID- 6616196 TI - Electrical stimulation of regenerating nerve and its effect on motor recovery. AB - The rate of recovery of motor function, after axonotmesis of the motor nerve innervating the soleus muscle in the rabbit, was evaluated. In a chronic study over a period of 4 weeks, contraction parameters and muscle action potentials were recorded. A group of rabbits, whose soleus nerves were stimulated with 4 pps for 24 h daily, was compared with a control group. The electrically stimulated animals showed a faster improvement in motor function and reached their initial values a week earlier than the controls. Electrical stimulation proved to have a positive effect on the regeneration and motor recovery of nerves. PMID- 6616197 TI - Afferent projections from the brainstem to the three floccular zones in cats. I. Climbing fiber projections. AB - The cat's flocculus can be divided into 3 zones on the basis of differences in their efferent projection sites. In the present study, climbing fiber projections from the inferior olive to each zone of the flocculus were studied by means of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Following large injections of HRP into the flocculus, labeled cells appear in the dorsal cap and the ventrolateral outgrowth of the principal olive. No HRP-labeled somata are present in other parts of the inferior olive. Following microinjections of HRP into the rostral of caudal zones of the flocculus, labeled cells appear in the ventrolateral outgrowth and the rostral part of the dorsal cap, while, after injections into the middle zone, labeled cells are found in the caudal part of the dorsal cap. These findings show that there exists zonal organization in the climbing fiber projections to the flocculus; the rostral and caudal zones receive climbing fiber afferents from the ventrolateral outgrowth and the rostral part of the dorsal cap, while the middle zone receives those from the caudal part of the dorsal cap. PMID- 6616198 TI - Afferent projections from the brainstem to the three floccular zones in cats. II. Mossy fiber projections. AB - Mossy fiber projections from the brainstem to the flocculus were studied following injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the flocculus and following microinjections of HRP into each of the three zones of the flocculus. It has been found that the flocculus receives mossy fiber projections from 4 main sources. (1) Perihypoglossal nucleus--dense projections originate from discrete areas of the rostral pole of the intercalated nucleus, the ventral part of the prepositus hypoglossal nucleus and the adjacent reticular formation. (2) Vestibular nuclear complex--secondary vestibular fibers come from discrete areas in the vestibular nuclei: the ventromedial and dorsomedial parts of the medial and inferior nucleus, the central area of the superior nucleus, the ventromedial part of the lateral nucleus, the group y and the interstitial nucleus of the vestibular nerve. (3) Medullary reticular formation--the strongest projection of mossy fibers arises from the accessory group of the paramedian reticular nucleus. (4) Pontine reticular formation and raphe nucleus--dense projections originate from a narrow zone which involves the caudal part of the dorsal nucleus of the raphe, the inferior and superior central nucleus of the raphe and the medial part of the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis. No clear indication of a different mossy fiber projection from the nuclei in the brainstem to the 3 zones of the flocculus was found. PMID- 6616199 TI - Relative slowness of heterotypic synaptogenesis in the septal nuclei. AB - The dorsolateral quadrant of the lateral septal nucleus receives a bilateral projection from the fimbria. When the fimbria of one side is cut, the axons of the remaining fimbria take over its synaptic sites preferentially, but when both fimbrias are cut the sites are reinnervated by non-fimbrial axons. To explore the basis of this preference, the present study plots the time courses of the appearance and disappearance of degenerating synapses, and the loss and recovery of non-degenerating synapses after ipsi-, contra- and bi-lateral fimbrial lesions. A preliminary investigation showed that at any time after these three lesions there was no change in the numerical density per unit area of 'control' structures such as shaft synapses (which do not degenerate) and neuronal perikarya (which neither shrink nor degenerate). This indicates that the changes in the numerical density of fimbrial (spine) synapses can be used as a measure of the processes of deafferentation and reinnervation without the danger of the numerical data being distorted by shrinkage. In the sampled area, the ipsilateral fimbrial axons account for about 45% of the synapses and the contralateral fimbrial axons for 25%. The number of degenerating synapses appearing at any one time underestimates the loss of non-degenerating synapses by about one-third, and a photographic simulation of degeneration suggests that a major factor in this discrepancy is the difficulty in recognizing degenerating synapses. Our main finding is that there is a major delay in the rate of removal of degeneration, and in the rate of reinnervation, after bilateral as opposed to unilateral lesions. This delay cannot be accounted for in any simple way by the greater amounts of degeneration. Thus after unilateral lesions, which cause the turnover of 25% (contralateral) or 45% (ipsilateral) of the synapses, 50% of the degeneration is removed in 1-2 days after the peak, whereas after bilateral lesions, which affect 70% of the synapses, it takes 20 days for 50% of the degeneration to be removed. That the synaptic changes after bilateral lesions involve a qualitatively different mechanism is also suggested by the observations of a much greater proportional increase in the multiple synapse index, and a decreased astroglial response. PMID- 6616200 TI - The effects of stimuli on the activity and functional connectivity of local neuronal groups in the cat auditory cortex. AB - Simultaneous extracellular recordings from one electrode of 'local' groups of 3-6 neurons were obtained from the auditory cortex of unanesthetized, paralyzed cats. The activity and functional connectivity of local microenvironments were examined under various auditory stimuli. Single cell response patterns were examined using peri-stimulus (PST) histograms and functional connectivity among neighboring cells by the cross renewal density (CRD) histograms. Analysis of the PST histograms suggested that a high percentage of single cells demonstrated different response patterns to different stimuli. Analysis of the CRD histograms suggested, on the one hand, that only small numbers of neighboring cells behaved as if there were direct connections from one cell to another, and that these direct connections appeared to be excitatory. On the other hand, many cell pairs shared input from shared sources which lay outside the local groups. The majority of functional connections were altered by at least one of the stimuli delivered, thus demonstrating the system's plasticity. It is suggested that long-term gates at the synaptic level are responsible for this phenomenon. PMID- 6616201 TI - Inhibition of non-neuronal cell proliferation in the goldfish visual pathway affects the regenerative capacity of the retina. AB - Proliferating cells associated with the visual pathway were found in the present study to affect the regenerative capacity of the goldfish retina following optic nerve injury. The contribution of these cells to the process of regeneration was investigated in the goldfish visual system by reducing their proliferation in the optic tract and tecta, using X-irradiation. The regenerative ability of the retina was then evaluated by the following parameters: sprouting from retinal explants, protein synthesis in the retina and accumulation of radiolabeled transported components in the tectum. X-irradiation of the visual system at an early stage of the regeneration process had a promoting effect whereas irradiation at a later stage resulted in a reduced capacity to regenerate. The results are discussed with respect to the possibility that proliferating cells, possibly glia, exert two contradictory contributions: an inhibitory effect at the site of injury, whereas distal to it, a supportive, perhaps trophic effect. PMID- 6616202 TI - Differential pulse voltammetry: parallel peak 3 changes with vigilance states in raphe dorsalis and raphe magnus of chronic freely moving rats and evidence for a 5-HT contribution to these peaks after monoamine oxidase inhibitors. AB - Nuclei raphe dorsalis (RDN) and magnus (RMN) were simultaneously studied using the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique in chronic freely moving rats during their sleep-waking cycle. Parallel variations in peak 3 (due to 5 hydroxyindoles) were observed in both these areas: the peak 3 heights were maximum in both RDN and RMN during waking (W), decreased in slow wave sleep (SWS) and were minimum in paradoxical sleep (PS). Monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) treatments induce at first a decrease of peak 3 (-50% compared to the control values), but there was a subsequent increase (+100% compared to the control values). This suggests that 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) can contribute to peak 3 measured in vivo. PMID- 6616203 TI - Biphasic effect of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine on rat prolactin secretion. AB - 5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT), a potent serotonin (5-HT) receptor agonist, exerts a biphasic effect on rat prolactin (PRL) secretion. 5-MeODMT (2.5 10 mg/kg) produces a marked, dose-related but short-lasting (less than 30 min) rise in serum PRL levels. At intervals longer than 30 min, 5-MeODMT (1-15 mg/kg) inhibits the stimulation of PRL secretion by another 5-HT agonist, 5 methoxytryptamine (5-MeOT, 10 mg/kg), by alpha-methylparatyrosine (50 mg/kg) or by haloperidol (0.15 mg/kg). 5-MeODMT did not significantly alter the PRL releasing effect of gamma-butyrolactone (500 mg/kg) or a higher dose of haloperidol (1 mg/kg). The biphasic effect of 5-MeODMT on rat PRL secretion is shared by the centrally-acting 5-HT agonist quipazine, but not by 5-MeOT, an indole derivative excluded by the blood-brain barrier. The initial stimulation of PRL secretion by 5-MeODMT is probably due to its ability to activate postsynaptic 5-HT receptors. The subsequent inhibitory effect of 5-MeODMT appears to be due to increased functional activity of tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurons. The possible mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect of 5-MeODMT on PRL release are discussed. PMID- 6616204 TI - The regional distribution of neurotensin-like immunoreactivity in central and peripheral tissues of the cat. AB - The regional distribution of neurotensin-like immunoreactivity (NTLI) was studied by radioimmunoassay in central and peripheral tissues of the cat. In the brain, NTLI showed a wide distribution with highest concentrations in the hypothalamus, the caudate/putamen and the nucleus accumbens. Only low levels of NTLI were measured in the spinal cord and there was no difference between dorsal and ventral horn. In the periphery, NTLI was present in high concentrations in the adrenal medulla and in lower amounts in the superior cervical and the ciliary ganglion. NTLI was present in both lobes of the pituitary gland and throughout the gastrointestinal tract with high concentrations in the ileum. All other peripheral tissues tested contained low but detectable amounts of NTLI. Gel chromatography on Sephadex G-25 was used in order to characterize the immunoreactive material; NTLI in tissue extracts from 3 central and 3 peripheral tissues co-eluted in a single peak at the position of synthetic neurotensin. NTLI is widely distributed throughout cat tissues and there are important differences from the distribution pattern in the rat, the only other species examined in detail to date. PMID- 6616205 TI - Sympathetic regulation of chicken pineal rhythms. AB - Adult hens were chronically cannulated and held in light-dark (LD) 12:12 h lighting regimes or in constant darknesS (DD). Periodic blood sampling for 5-9 days revealed circadian rhythms in plasma melatonin titres. Superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCG-X) performed 1 week after hatching had little or no effect on these rhythms in LD, but unlike normals. SCG-X birds did not sustain persistent rhythms in DD. In SCG-X birds, norepinephrine (NE) infusion for 12 h of each 24 h in DD significantly reduced plasma melatonin titres during the infusion and re established a rhythm. After each experiment, hens were killed, their pineals were removed and assayed by HPLC-EC for NE, dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and 5 hydroxy-3-indole-acetic acid (5-HIAA). SCG-X resulted in a 90% depletion of pineal NE: DA content was reduced to undetectable levels. Pineal 5-HT and 5-HIAA were also reduced by SCG-X. The chicken pineal contains circadian oscillators which persist in vitro8.19.29. The results reported here suggest that noradrenergic fibres from the SCG regulate the pineal's inherent rhythmicity. NE normally released from sympathetic terminals during the bird's day may synchronize oscillators within the pineal by inhibiting melatonin synthesis. PMID- 6616206 TI - Evidence against a role of the rat's dorsal noradrenergic bundle in selective attention and place memory. AB - In Experiment 1, 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesions of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle (DNB) in rats did not impair either acquisition of non-delayed alternation, retention of non-delayed alternation, or performance of alternation with delays in a T-maze, whether or not the goal arms of the maze were visually distinctive. These results were in contrast with those of a previous report indicating that DNB lesions impair learning of spatial alternation. In Experiment 2, the lack of a reliable effect of DNB lesions on learning performance of spatial alternation was confirmed. However, the rats with DNB lesions showed an impairment of spontaneous alternation. The negative results of the present study do not support either the hypothesis that depletion of forebrain noradrenaline impairs selective attention or the hypothesis that such depletion induces an amnesia for past places. On the other hand, the finding of impaired spontaneous alternation is consistent with previous observations suggesting that depletion of forebrain noradrenaline impairs habituation of fear reactions. PMID- 6616207 TI - In vivo release of [3H]GABA in cat caudate nucleus and substantia nigra. I. Bilateral changes induced by a unilateral nigral application of muscimol. AB - Push-pull cannulae were implanted in both caudate nuclei and both substantiae nigrae (SN) of halothane-anesthetized cats and the release of [3H]GABA, continuously synthesized from [3H]glutamine, was measured in these structures during 4 h of superfusion. In some experiments, multi-unit neuronal activity was recorded at the tip of the nigral push-pull cannulae, using a bipolar electrode. Two hours after the onset of superfusion with [3H]glutamine, 10(-6)M of muscimol was added (for 1 h) in the superfusion medium delivered to one SN. This treatment increased locally the release of [3H]GABA and enhanced the neuronal activity of the nigral cells in the zona reticulata. An increased release of [3H]GABA was also observed in the contralateral SN, in association with an inhibition of the activity of the zona reticulata cells. The unilateral nigral application of muscimol also induced asymmetric changes in the release of [3H]GABA in both caudate nuclei, since [3H]GABA release was increased ipsilaterally and reduced on the contralateral side. The present findings are considered in relation to possible GABAergic neuronal populations affected by this local pharmacological treatment. PMID- 6616208 TI - The geniculostriate projection in the grey squirrel: preliminary autoradiographic data. AB - Anterograde autoradiographic experiments reveal connectional specificity between the dorsal lateral geniculate (LGN) laminae and striate cortical layers in a rodent, the gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). Our data indicate that although the geniculostriate projection does not segregate right and left eye information within layer IV, geniculate projections to this layer are tightly organized such that particular cortical substrata receive input from specific LGN layer(s). Preliminary data suggest that geniculate layers 1 and 2 of the LGN project to a central zone of layer IV. In contrast, the layer 3 complex projects densely to a dorsal and ventral tier in layer IV, as well as to layer VI and the supragranular laminae. It is speculated that the input to supragranular layers arises from cells within layer 3c. which in turn, have been shown to receive input from the stratum griseum superficiale of the superior colliculus. It is argued that this tecto-geniculo-supragranular cortical pathway might convey W-cell information, as has been suggested for other species. PMID- 6616210 TI - Enhanced acetylcholinesterase staining in the hippocampal perforant pathway zone after combined lesions of the septum and entorhinal cortex. AB - A lesion of the septum or a transection of the fimbria-fornix diminishes most, but not all, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining in the hippocampal formation. The residual AChE is located in the outer part of the molecular layer of the hippocampal CA1 zone and adjacent subicular field (zone 31). We report that following combined lesions of the septum and entorhinal cortex, the residual hippocampal AChE staining pattern expands and occupies the zone innervated normally by perforant pathway terminals from the entorhinal cortex. PMID- 6616209 TI - Direct projections from the anterior pretectal nucleus to the dorsal accessory olive in the cat: an anterograde and retrograde WGA-HRP study. AB - Direct projections from the anterior pretectal nucleus (APN) to the dorsal accessory olive (DAO) were found in the cat by the anterograde and retrograde WGA HRP methods. The dorsal or the ventral portions of the rostral half of the APN pars compacta send fibers respectively to the lateral or the medial portions of the whole rostrocaudal extent of the DAO. These APN-DAO fibers can be considered to play roles in some somatomotor mechanisms. PMID- 6616211 TI - Swelling of frog dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord produced by afferent volley of impulses. AB - Electrical stimulation of the frog sciatic nerve was found to produce rapid, transient swelling of the 8th and 9th dorsal root ganglia followed by prolonged swelling of the spinal cord. Swelling of the ganglion is analogous to the rapid mechanical change observed in invertebrate axons during excitation. The mechanical change observed in the spinal cord is probably related to prolonged depolarization of the primary afferent fibers near their terminals. PMID- 6616212 TI - Two different inhibitory effects on respiration by thin-fiber muscular afferents in cats. AB - In anesthetized, vagotomized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated cats, respiratory responses to electrical stimulation of the gastrocnemius muscle nerve were studied by recording the phrenic nervous discharges. Besides intensity dependent facilitation of respiration, electrical stimulation of the thin-fiber muscular afferents caused two different types of respiratory suppression, during and after the stimulation. The first suppressive phase ('initial suppression') was observed immediately after the start of stimulation above A-delta fiber threshold, and usually accompanied by a fall of blood pressure. The other suppressive phase ('after suppression') was observed within several minutes after the cessation of the stimulation. The intensity of stimulation required to evoke the 'after suppression' was much higher than that for the 'initial suppression', and was usually in the C fiber stimulation range. Naloxone did not affect the 'initial suppression', but abolished the 'after suppression'. PMID- 6616213 TI - Localization of salmon calcitonin binding sites in rat brain by autoradiography. AB - The regional distribution of [125I]salmon calcitonin (sCT) binding sites was examined in rat brain by receptor autoradiography. Dense specific labeling was recognized over the hypothalamus, preoptic and accumbent nuclei, amygdala, zona incerta, interpeduncular nucleus, periventricular gray and the reticular formation. Intermediate binding was seen over the arcuate and supramamillary nuclei and substantia nigra, and no binding in the neocortex, cerebellum, thalamus, basal ganglia and mamillary bodies. The well defined topographical distribution strongly indicates physiological roles for sCT in the mammalian brain. PMID- 6616214 TI - Microinjection of morphine into nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis of the rat suppresses spontaneous activity of nucleus raphe magnus neurons. AB - Microinjection of morphine into nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis of anesthetized rats had differential effects on spontaneous firing of neurons in nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) depending upon the dose of morphine administered. Microinjection of 1 microgram of morphine, a dose which has reliable antinociceptive effects in awake animals, had predominantly suppressive effects on NRM spontaneous firing. Microinjection of 0.35 micrograms of morphine, a dose which has small and unreliable antinociceptive effects in awake animals, had little effect on the activity of NRM cells. PMID- 6616215 TI - Central effects of adenosine analogs on locomotor activity in mice and antagonism of caffeine. AB - Mice implanted with chronic indwelling cannulas were injected in the lateral cerebral ventricle with a series of adenosine analogs and the effects on spontaneous locomotor activity were recorded. All analogs produced dose-related decreases in locomotor activity. The relative order of potency for locomotor depression was: NECA much greater than L-PIA greater than CADO greater than D PIA. Caffeine at the lowest dose produced a significant decrease in locomotor activity. At higher doses caffeine had no effect on locomotor activity but it did antagonize the depressant effects of NECA, a finding consistent with the notion that the central stimulant action of methylxanthines is due to their antagonism of central adenosine receptors. PMID- 6616216 TI - Spinal vs supraspinal actions of morphine on cat spinal cord multireceptive neurons. AB - To examine whether morphine elicits a supraspinal mediated spinal inhibition of nociceptive transmission, several investigators have compared the effects of morphine on nociceptive transmission in animals with the spinal cord intact vs transected or cold-blocked. The results have been conflicting, possibly due to different methods of analysis. For example, some investigators have found i.v. administered morphine produces a greater percentage decrease in nociceptive transmission when the spinal cord is intact compared to the transected state. Therefore, they concluded that morphine elicits a supraspinal-mediated inhibition. Conversely, others have reported that the increase in noxious stimulus-evoked responses of dorsal horn neurons upon cold blocking the spinal cord was reduced by i.v. morphine. They therefore concluded that morphine decreases descending inhibition. We tested the effects of i.v. morphine on spinal cord multireceptive neurons in the presence and absence of descending inhibition. Using the above methods of analysis, our results were found to be consistent with their findings which indicate that the method of analysis used is critical to the interpretation reached. To determine how these calculations would be affected by a depressant effect on the spinal cord neurons only, we performed similar experiments iontophoresing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) onto these dorsal horn neurons. The similarity between the morphine and GABA data suggests that the effects of systemically administered morphine on multireceptive dorsal horn neurons can be adequately explained by a spinal cord site of action. PMID- 6616217 TI - Recovery of locomotor function in cats after localized cerebellar lesions. AB - Cats were trained to walk on a motorized treadmill, at speeds up to a brisk walk, for food reward. A cerebellar lesion was placed in each animal, either unilateral removal of paravermal cortex, or unilateral coagulation of n. interpositus, or bilateral coagulation of the fastigial nuclei. The effects of these lesions upon locomotor activity were measured by conventional kinematic methods, and were found to be generally in agreement with prior observations. Also in agreement with prior work was the fact that these initial deficits disappeared in a relatively short time. The kinematic data suggest that this recovery of function was genuine in the sense that compensatory alterations in limb motion could not be demonstrated. In disagreement with prior studies, we failed to elicit decompensation (e.g. reinstatement of the original deficits) by subsequent pyramidal tract sections, or ablation of the 'motor' cortex. We conclude that the corticospinal system is probably not essential to the recovery observed, and also that perhaps there are substantial differences in the mechanisms of recovery of 'spontaneous' overground locomotion, compared to walking on a treadmill as a conditioned instrumental response. PMID- 6616219 TI - A Y-maze test reveals the positively reinforcing properties of electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic central gray area. AB - Animals stimulated in the dorsal part of the mesencephalic central gray area (CG) are able, as are animals stimulated in the lateral hypothalamus, to discriminate between the reinforced and the non-reinforced arm of an Y-maze to trigger a continuous electrical stimulation. This result clearly demonstrates that stimulation of the dorsal part of CG has an appetitive component. PMID- 6616218 TI - Activity of mesencephalic dopamine and non-dopamine neurons across stages of sleep and walking in the rat. AB - Single unit activity of dopamine and non-dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area was recorded across stages of sleep and waking in the rat. These stages consisted of slow wave sleep (SWS), rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, awake-quiet (AQ) and awake-moving (AM). The dopamine neurons showed no change in mean firing rate across the stages of sleep or waking. During REM sleep, however, the dopamine cells fired with a more variable interspike interval than during SWS. In contrast, non-dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area showed large increases in firing rate in REM compared to SWS, and in AM compared to AQ, without showing changes in interspike interval variability. In conclusion, whereas other monoaminergic neurons and various cortical and subcortical neurons exhibit marked changes in firing rate across the stages of sleep and waking, the dopamine neurons are unique in their lack of change in firing rate across stages. PMID- 6616220 TI - Laminar patterns of termination of cortico-cortical afferents in the somatosensory system. AB - Two distinct patterns of terminal labeling were seen after injections of [3H]amino acids into the second somatosensory area (S2) and the retroinsular area (Ri). The first pattern, seen both in S2 after an injection in Ri and in the granular or dysgranular insular fields after an injection in S2, is characterized by heavy labeling in layers IIIb and IV. By contrast, the second pattern, seen in the first somatosensory area and Ri after an injection in S2, is distinguished by heavy labeling of layer I and no labeling in layer IV. A reciprocal relationship between these two laminar patterns has now been seen in the somatosensory, visual and auditory systems. PMID- 6616221 TI - Dorsotemporal retinal ganglion cell axons of goldfish are located in the dorsal rather than ventral optic tract. AB - Cobaltous-lysine was injected into the eyes of goldfish after a slit was made in the temporal retina. Cobalt-filled optic fibers were found in the dorsal optic tract and tracing them to their destinations revealed that they terminated rostrally in the peripheral edges of both the dorsal and ventral aspects of the optic tectum. Hence, axons from ganglion cells in the dorsotemporal retina are in the dorsal optic brachium rather than in the ventral optic brachium as was previously assumed. PMID- 6616222 TI - Lesions of substantia nigra protect against experimentally induced seizures. AB - Bilateral lesions of substantia nigra (SN) were evaluated for anticonvulsant effects in rats. Electrolytic and kainic acid lesions of SN reduced bicuculline elicited seizure activity; lesions in the ventral midbrain tegmentum adjacent to SN were without an anticonvulsant effect. Lesions of SN also reduced the incidence and duration of tonic hindlimb extension in the maximal electroshock seizure test. Bilateral SN lesions appeared to decrease seizure susceptibility to a given stimulus intensity rather than altering the motor pattern of the seizures. Our results support the view that SN efferents constitute a critical gating mechanism in the propagation of seizure activity. PMID- 6616223 TI - alpha-Tocopherol and ubiquinones in rat brain subjected to decapitation ischemia. AB - Levels of alpha-tocopherol (alpha-Toc), reduced ubiquinones (QH2) and oxidized ubiquinones (Q) were assayed in rat forebrain subjected to decapitation ischemia. Post-decapitation levels of alpha-Toc decreased by 16% at 3 min and 20% at 15 min. Increases in Q9H2 (83%) and in Q10H2 (107%) were observed immediately following decapitation; thereafter their levels began to decrease and approached to the pre-ischemic values at 15 min. In contrast, Q9 and Q10 tended to increase continuously during ischemia. The data indicate that complete ischemia results in distinct changes in the cerebral content of lipid-soluble antioxidants. The decrease of alpha-Toc may make the brain prone to peroxidative attack when cerebral tissue is subsequently reoxygenated. PMID- 6616225 TI - Survival of function in the deafferentated vestibular nerve. AB - After it has been deafferentated, spontaneous spike activity in the vestibular nerve is not abolished, but is drastically reduced 1-3 months post-op. If the nerve stump is cut again in the compensated animal, similarly directed postural asymmetries are re-induced, although of milder intensity. Electrical stimulation of the vestibular nerve stump evokes monosynaptic excitation in the vestibular nuclei and a vestibulo-ocular reflex at normal thresholds despite partial degeneration in the nerve. Therefore, the deafferentated nerve is capable of exerting compensatory influences upon the central nervous system. PMID- 6616224 TI - Inhibition of glia maturation factor-induced mitogenesis in glioblasts by calmodulin antagonists. AB - The growth inhibitory activity of calmodulin antagonist, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5 chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7) and trifluoperazine (TFP), was analyzed by the use of rat fetal glioblasts stimulated by glia maturation factor (GMF) or rat astrocytoma cells (C6). The inhibitory effect of W-7 on GMF-induced DNA synthesis of glioblasts was apparent when the drug was added within 10 h after the stimulation by GMF (late G1 phase), but was not shown when W-7 was added at 12 h or later (S phase). The intracellular calmodulin content was built up concurrently with the increase in the DNA synthesis in S phase. The half-maximal inhibition (ID50) of GMF-induced DNA synthesis in glioblasts was observed at 16.5 microM of W-7 or 9.0 microM of TFP. ID50 of DNA synthesis in exponentially growing C6 cells was approximately 3 times higher than that in glioblasts: 24 microM of TFP and as high as 40 microM of W-7. ID50 of growth rate of C6 cells was 15 microM of TFP which was comparable to the ID50 dose for the inhibition of DNA synthesis. Both calmodulin antagonists and W-5, a dechlorinated analog of W 7, however, elicited a curious activation of DNA synthesis of glioblasts at low concentrations (lower than 10 microM of W-7 and W-5, or lower than 5 microM of TFP), indicating non-specific effects of calmodulin antagonists on DNA synthesis. These results suggest that calmodulin antagonists have two conflicting effects on DNA synthesis: the stimulation of DNA synthesis at lower concentrations, and inhibition at higher concentrations. PMID- 6616226 TI - Altered properties and laminar distribution of neuronal responses to peripheral stimulation in the SmI cortex of the arthritic rat. AB - The properties of the neuronal responses to different types of mechanical peripheral stimulation were studied during electrode penetrations in the first somatosensory cortex of anaesthetized rats with polyarthritis. Very few neurons were driven by light cutaneous stimulation (such as brushing) or by intense mechanical stimulation. Most of the neurons were driven by joint movement and/or moderate pressure on the skin. These neurons could be found in all cortical layers, the majority being located in layer V. These results contrast sharply with the properties and laminar distribution of the different functional categories of cortical neurons, as observed in normal animals. PMID- 6616227 TI - Segregation of motor nerves on a segmental basis during synapse elimination in neonatal muscles. AB - The distribution of motor axons from segmental roots L4 and L5 entering the gluteus muscle of neonatal rats via the inferior gluteal nerve was determined by visual inspection of contractions when the muscle was pinned out in vitro. In both 0-2-day-old rats and in rats older than 11 days, there was overlap in the distribution. But in rats older than 11 days there was a clear tendency for the L4 root to avoid the muscle's posterior margin and for the L5 to avoid the anterior portion of the muscle innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve. This segregation was less sharp in 0-2-day-old rats. Hence synapse elimination does not occur randomly, but by a process which favours particular root distributions. PMID- 6616228 TI - Polyamine biosynthesis is required for survival of sympathetic neurons after axonal injury. AB - Treatment of adult rats with specific inhibitors of polyamine synthesizing enzymes prevented the early increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamine content in the superior cervical ganglion after the postganglionic nerve was cut. Moreover, after axotomy, this treatment led to a marked diminution of the chromatolytic response with a marked neuronal cell death. We conclude that after axonal injury an early increase in polyamine biosynthesis, probably within parent sympathetic neurons, is an obligatory step in the progression of the axon reaction. PMID- 6616229 TI - Identification of spinally projecting neurones in the A1 catecholamine cell group of the ventrolateral medulla. AB - In anaesthetized rats, neurones were found in the ventrolateral medulla that responded to antidromic stimulation of their axons in the thoracic spinal cord. These neurones were identified as being antidromic, according to various established electrophysiological criteria. A total of 44 antidromically identified neurones were found, 23 had conduction velocities below 2.0 m/s. Many (70%) had ongoing activity with a slow firing rate (0.2-5.0 Hz). Catecholamine containing cells were visualized in this ventrolateral region using a modified Mg+-catalyzed glyoxylic acid technique and revealed multipolar, small diameter cells (17-20 microns) which were diffusely scattered (as demonstrated in previous histofluorescence studies). The Pontamine sky blue-marked recording sites of 7 units (0.3-1.1 m/s) showed close apposition to a CA-fluorescent cell whilst a further 4 (2.0-2.7 m/s) could not be correlated with the presence of a fluorescent cell. The results are discussed in the light of recent data in the rat, suggesting that the spinal cord catecholamine innervation arises from brainstem cell groups other than A1. PMID- 6616230 TI - Mediobasal hypothalamic neurons are excited by the iontophoretic application of sodium. AB - In the course of studies on the responsiveness of mediobasal hypothalamic neurons to the iontophoretic application of cortisol, it was found that positive currents applied to a sodium chloride (1 M) barrel alone, but not to a choline chloride (1 M) barrel, frequently increased the firing of these neurons. Subsequently, systematic examination demonstrated that out of 102 MBH neurons 52 (51%) increased their firing by at least 30% with application of NaCl, using currents no greater than 10 nA. No such effect was obtained in response to Na application from a dilute solution (0.05 or 0.1 M). When glutamate was absent from the electrodes, the incidence of Na+ sensitivity fell to 17%, despite the routine use of backing currents to the glutamate barrel. K+ ions were more active than Na+ ions in producing excitation. When Na+ sensitivity was found, however, Na+ effects were produced by currents greater than K+ currents producing equivalent excitation. Like glutamate, K+ ions were capable of greatly enhancing responses to Na+. Comparison was made between cortisol and Na+ sensitivity in 70 MBH neurons; 28 cells responded to both, and 24 of them were inhibited by cortisol. Thus Na+ sensitivity is a frequent characteristic of MBH neurons inhibited by cortisol, and was present in 83% of cortisol-sensitive cells in this region. Iontophoresis of Na+ is commonly used as a control in pharmacological studies of the nervous system. Even more common is the case of concentrated NaCl solutions for recording. These procedures may not be as inert as previously thought, particularly in the hypothalamus. PMID- 6616231 TI - Does acute L-DOPA increase active release of dopamine from dopaminergic neurons? AB - L-DOPA is believed to be decarboxylated by the residual striatal dopaminergic presynaptic terminals with formation of the putative neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) and with increased availability of DA at post-synaptic receptors. However there is no direct evidence that the DA formed is released into the synaptic cleft. We therefore investigated the biochemical modifications occurring in the dopaminergic system after acute administration of L-DOPA. After acute L-DOPA (100 mg/kg plus 25 mg/kg of benserazide p.o.) the levels of 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT), a metabolite reflecting release of the neurotransmitter DA, were significantly raised, following the same pattern as DA levels, indicating that DA release from DA nerve terminals is increased after L-DOPA administration. The increased DA release and 3-MT formation were not reduced by pretreatment with direct DA agonists such as apomorphine (5 mg/kg i.p.) or piribedil (120 mg/kg p.o.). Thus in this case DA release is not under the control of the compensatory mechanisms induced by post-synaptic receptor hyperstimulation. PMID- 6616232 TI - Participation of the nucleus locus coeruleus in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. AB - The locus coeruleus was subjected to biphasic electrical stimulation, and a group of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats revealed a greater pressor response than a group of normotensive control rats. The pressor threshold current (i.e. minimum current to raise the arterial pressure by 10 mm Hg) of DOCA salt hypertensive rats was also lower. The threshold current was low even in the prehypertensive stage of DOCA-salt treated rats. During arterial pressure fall, the pressor threshold current lowered only in normotensive rats and neither group underwent a change during pressure rise. These data indicated that the locus coeruleus had a pressor role and it had been accelerated in DOCA-salt treated rats before hypertension was evident. Following bilateral electrical lesions of the locus coeruleus no significant differences were observed in the arterial pressure changes, while vascular reactivity to norepinephrine did not differ between the two groups. The results suggest that the locus coeruleus may be involved in the development of hypertension but may not be important in the maintenance of it. PMID- 6616233 TI - Increased motor disturbances in response to arginine vasopressin following hemorrhage or hypertonic saline: evidence for central AVP release in rats. AB - The effects of hemorrhage and parenteral hypertonic saline on the behavioural responses to centrally-administered arginine vasopressin (AVP) were examined in rats. Both hemorrhage and hypertonic saline act as potent stimuli for neurohypophysial vasopressin release, and may serve as potential stimuli for cerebral AVP release. When administered into a lateral cerebral ventricle of the rat brain, AVP has a potent convulsant action; this effect increases in severity upon subsequent administration. Removal of 15% of the estimated blood volume from the conscious rat or infusion of 1.0 ml of 1.5 M sodium chloride solution into the peritoneal cavity can mimic the effect of a central injection of AVP in 'sensitizing' the brain to the behavioural effects of subsequent injections of AVP. This suggests that these stimuli which are known to activate posterior pituitary secretion of AVP also induce the release of AVP (or a closely related molecule), from neuronal fibres within the brain. PMID- 6616234 TI - Shift from inhibition to excitation in the neostriatum but not in the nucleus accumbens following long-term amphetamine. AB - Neuronal responses to 1.0 or 5.0 mg/kg D-amphetamine were recorded simultaneously in the neostriatum and nucleus accumbens of rats pretreated twice daily with these doses or with saline for 6 consecutive days. In all groups, the number of neurons responding to a challenge injection of either dose of amphetamine with an overall excitation or inhibition was not significantly different. During the first 30-60 min of the drug response, however, neurons in the neostriatum of amphetamine-pretreated rats responded with a significant increase in firing rate compared to saline controls. In the nucleus accumbens, on the other hand, tolerance developed to the inhibition produced by 1.0 mg/kg D-amphetamine, whereas the responses produced by 5.0 mg/kg were not significantly altered by long-term treatment. Liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection revealed that pretreatment with 5.0 mg/kg D-amphetamine produced a slight, but significant, reduction of dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the neostriatum. Catecholamine levels were not significantly altered in the nucleus accumbens by either dose. These electrophysiological and neurochemical changes are discussed in relation to the known involvement of these sites in the dose-dependent behavioral alterations that accompany repeated amphetamine injections. PMID- 6616235 TI - Catecholamine metabolism in the rat locus coeruleus as studied by in vivo differential pulse voltammetry. I. Nature and origin of contributors to the oxidation current at +0.1 V. AB - Differential pulse voltammetry was used together with treated carbon fiber microelectrodes to study the in vivo catecholamine (CA) metabolism in the locus coeruleus (LC), a brain region densely packed with noradrenergic neurons. In chronically implanted rats, an in vivo oxidation current that peaks at +0.1 V has been detected inside the LC complex. This current whose potential is characteristic of the oxidation of the catechols, had the same anatomical localization as the noradrenergic cells. Pharmacological experiments have been made to ascertain which catechols contribute to this in vivo current. Monoamine oxidase inhibition by pargyline was followed by a total and rapid suppression of the in vivo signal. Blockade of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase by FLA-63 induced a significant increase in the electrochemical signal. Post-mortem analysis of LC catechol levels after administration of this drug revealed a considerable decrease in NA and its major catechol metabolite, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DOPEG) although DA and its metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were significantly increased. Comparison of these results led us to conclude that DOPAC is probably the most important contributor to the in vivo oxidation current. This assertion is corroborated by results obtained after tyrosine hydroxylase inhibition with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine: the in vivo catechol current was rapidly suppressed and post-mortem levels of DOPAC were significantly reduced while DOPEG remained almost normal. An attempt was made to selectively destroy the LC cell bodies by a unilateral injection of ibotenic acid (10 micrograms). Eight to 15 days after injection, no current was detectable in the injected side although it was still present in the contralateral intact side. Post-mortem levels of DOPAC and DOPEG levels of the lesioned side were 29% and 17%, respectively, of those in the intact side. Thus, we assumed that the in vivo catechol current in the LC comes from the oxidation of DOPAC most probably synthesized by the noradrenergic cell bodies. PMID- 6616236 TI - Catecholamine metabolism in the rat locus coeruleus as studied by in vivo differential pulse voltammetry. II. Pharmacological and behavioral study. AB - Differential pulse voltammetry used in combination with electrochemically treated carbon fiber electrodes allowed us to detect catechols in the locus coeruleus (LC) of conscious freely moving rats. A micromanipulator cemented on the rat skull was designed in order to implant carbon fiber electrodes without anesthesia. Voltammograms were recorded every 2 min for 5 h. After the in vivo experiments electrodes were tested in 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), 3,4 dihydroxyphenylglycol (DOPEG) and noradrenaline (NA) solutions. The catechol peak recorded from LC was suppressed by pargyline treatment and slightly reappeared after inhibition of the NA reuptake by desipramine (DMI). This reappearing signal was attributed to NA and estimated at a concentration 50 nM NA. Various drug treatments (piperoxane, haloperidol, clonidine, DMI and reserpine) allowed us to further support the conclusion of part I of this study: the catechol peak recorded from LC is mainly due to DOPAC synthesized by LC noradrenergic neurons. This DOPAC signal corresponded to a DOPAC concentration which reached 23 microM when the whole active part of the electrode was implanted in the LC. In addition to this pharmacological study, data from stress experiments pointed out a striking parallel between the variations of the DOPAC signal and those of the activity of LC noradrenergic neurons as revealed by reported electrophysiological studies. PMID- 6616237 TI - Separate involvement of the spinal noradrenergic and serotonergic systems in morphine analgesia: the differences in mechanical and thermal algesic tests. AB - Experiments using 3 analgesic tests, the tail-pinch, hot-plate and tail-flick methods, were done to evaluate the roles of the spinal noradrenergic and serotonergic systems in the production of morphine analgesia in rats. To deplete noradrenaline or serotonin in the spinal cord, 6-hydroxydopamine or 5,6 dihydroxytryptamine was given intrathecally. 6-Hydroxydopamine suppressed the antinociceptive effects of morphine injected systemically or intracerebrally (into the nuclei reticularis gigantocellularis and paragigantocellularis or into the periaqueductal gray matter) in the tail-pinch test, but not significantly in the hot-plate and tail-flick tests. Conversely, 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine suppressed the antinociceptive effects of systemically given morphine in the hot plate test, but not significantly in the tail-pinch and the tail-flick tests. The results not only provide further evidence for the involvement of the descending inhibitory systems in morphine antinociception, but also show that the extent of participation of the spinal noradrenergic and serotonergic systems in the effects of morphine has to be carefully assessed as different analgesic tests (tail pinch, tail-flick and hot-plate) yield different results. PMID- 6616238 TI - Failure of intact cutaneous mechanosensory axons to sprout functional collaterals in skin of adult rabbits. AB - The original evidence that spared cutaneous nerves will sprout following partial denervation of skin was obtained in adult rabbits, in which nociceptive function returned to the deprived areas. Recently we reported that in the adult rat intact touch-sensitive (low-threshold mechanosensory) nerves fail to establish new functional endings in adjacent denervated skin. We have now investigated low threshold mechanosensory nerves in the skin of adult rabbits after partially denervating the ear or hind limb; the sprouting of new functional endings into neighboring skin would be revealed by an expansion of the low-threshold receptive fields of cutaneous nerves (the areas of skin from which impulses could be evoked by stroking with a bristle). The results show that intact low-threshold mechanosensory nerves do not establish functional endings in adjacent denervated skin in the adult rabbit. These findings, together with those now reported for the cat as well as the rat, support the conclusion that possibly in all adult mammals intact low- and high-threshold nerves differ in their ability to respond to the presence of adjacent denervated skin by sprouting. PMID- 6616239 TI - Aromatization of testosterone to estrogen varies between strains of mice. AB - The nuclear uptake and retention of [3H]testosterone or one of its metabolites and the aromatization of testosterone to estrogen were examined in the Swiss- Webster mouse. Castrated male mice were injected with 0.2 micrograms of either [1 alpha, 2 alpha-3H(N)]testosterone or [1 beta, 2 beta-3H(N)]testosterone per 100 g of body weight and killed one and one-half hours later. The brains were removed and processed for autoradiography. A nuclear localization of testosterone or one of its metabolites was found in the nucleus (n) interstitialis striae terminalis, n. preopticus medialis, n. premamillaris ventralis and n. amygdaloideus medialis in animals injected with [1 alpha, 2 alpha-3H(N)]testosterone. In animals injected with [1 beta, 2 beta-3H(N)]testosterone a nuclear localization was found in only n. interstitialis striae terminalis, n. premamillaris ventralis and n. amygdaloideus medialis. The results suggest testosterone is aromatized to estrogen in n. preopticus medialis ventralis in the Swiss--Webster mouse. Together with previous data, these data suggest (1) the uptake and retention of testosterone or one of its androgenic metabolites and the aromatization of testosterone to estrogen varies between strains of mice and (2) there are two separate uptake and retention systems (receptors?) for testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in the brain in all animals studied thus far with autoradiographic techniques. PMID- 6616240 TI - Cytoarchitectonic distribution of zinc in the hippocampus of man and the rat. AB - Zinc was measured in whole hippocampus and in hippocampal sub-regions by stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry. In both man and the rat, the most zinc (102 145 ppm, dry weight) was found in the hilar region, the least (27-35) in the fimbria. The amount of zinc directly associated with mossy-fiber axons was estimated to be approximately 8% of the total zinc in the hippocampus, and the concentration of mossy-fiber zinc was estimated at 220-300 microM. Methodological and theoretical implications of the quantitative findings were discussed. PMID- 6616241 TI - Granular coated vesicles in the goldfish Mauthner cell following axotomy. AB - Axotomy of the goldfish Mauthner cell induces a marked increase in the occurrence of granular coated vesicles in close association with axosomatic synapses. This phenomenon, which persists for over 200 days, is discussed in relation to other morphological and physiological changes which occur over the same time period. PMID- 6616242 TI - Responses of pyramidal tract neurons in the postcentral cortex to tactile inputs. AB - Pyramidal tract neurons were recorded from postcentral cortex of awake monkeys and their responses to step indentation and vibratory stimulus were studied. The majority of them exhibited slowly adapting response to the indentation stimulus but failed to show phase-locked response to 50-200 Hz vibrations. The response properties appeared to be in contrast to those of non-pyramidal tract neurons whose responses were largely quickly adapting. PMID- 6616243 TI - Adrenaline synthesizing neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla: a possible role in tonic vasomotor control. AB - Adrenaline-containing neurons of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (the C1 group) project selectively to autonomic spinal neurons in rats. Stimulation of these neurons electrically or chemically elevates arterial pressure, while neuronal blockade by microinjection of tetrodotoxin bilaterally drops arterial pressure to levels comparable to those produced by spinal cord transection. Adrenaline neurons of the ventral medulla appear necessary for maintaining normal levels of blood pressure, and thus may constitute a tonic vasomotor center. PMID- 6616244 TI - Norepinephrine and dopamine levels in hypothalamic nuclei of the genetically obese mouse (ob/ob). AB - An analysis of the norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) levels in specific hypothalamic nuclei of the genetically obese mouse (ob/ob) was made. When compared to lean littermate controls ob/ob mice had significantly increased levels of NE in the paraventricular nucleus and lateral hypothalamus and significantly decreased levels of DA in the arcuate-infundibulum. The sites of these neurochemical abnormalities correspond to hypothalamic areas involved in the regulation of feeding and prolactin secretion, both of which are abnormal in the ob/ob mutant. PMID- 6616245 TI - Effect of continuous systemic infusion of D-amphetamine on the sensitivity of nigral dopamine cells to apomorphine inhibition of firing rates. AB - Using a single-unit recording technique, sensitivity of nigral dopamine neurons to the inhibitory effect of apomorphine was examined on various days after a 7 day pretreatment with osmotic minipumps containing D-amphetamine. Continuous systemic infusion of D-amphetamine produced a short-lasting subsensitivity of nigral neurons to apomorphine (0-2 days after D-amphetamine), followed by a supersensitivity on days 7, 8 and 9, post-amphetamine. The supersensitivity seems to persist at least for one week, suggesting one possible mechanism mediating long-term behavioral and biochemical changes following chronic high-dose amphetamine administration. PMID- 6616246 TI - Reactive glial protein synthesis and early disappearance of saxitoxin binding in degenerating rat optic nerve. AB - The biochemistry of gliotic CNS tissue was assessed by monotoring changes in de novo protein synthesis distal to site of crush in the rat optic nerve between 3 and 20 days post-operatively. Radioactivity profiles on 12% polyacrylamide SDS gels showed reproducible peaks associated with protein(s) with dissociated molecular weights of 57K, 51K, 42K, 40K, 37K and 23K. Differences between crush and control nerves were observed with respect to the latter two peaks. De novo synthesis of 23K protein (comigrant with myelin proteolipid protein) was evident in control but not crushed nerves. Synthesis of 37K protein (identity unknown) was evident at 7, 10 and (to a lesser extent) 20 days post-operatively in crushed nerves, but not in crushed nerves at 3 days post-operatively or in unoperated nerves at any time point. The appearance of the synthesis of the 37K protein coincides with a drop in the level of functional axolemma (assessed by [3H]saxitoxin binding) in crushed nerves from 78% to 36% of control levels between 3 and 7 days post-operatively. PMID- 6616247 TI - Ectopic granule cells of hilus fasciae dentatae projecting to the ipsilateral regio inferior of the rat hippocampus. AB - Retrograde fluorescent tracing techniques were used in a search of projections from the hilus of fascia dentata to the Ammon's horn. We found that up to 5% of the neurons in the hilus project to the ipsilateral regio inferior. The projection originates from cells that morphologically resemble ectopic granule cells and terminates in the mossy fiber layer. We found no evidence for a projection from the hilus to the ipsilateral regio superior or the contralateral Ammon's horn. PMID- 6616248 TI - Cochlear and middle ear effects on metabolism in the central auditory pathway during silence: a 2-deoxyglucose study. PMID- 6616249 TI - Axon initial segments of the granule cell in the rat dentate gyrus: synaptic contacts on bundles of axon initial segments. AB - In Golgi and electron microscopic studies, dentate granule cell axon initial segments were revealed to be fasciculated in the granule cell layer and to receive many synapses. Combined Golgi-EM studies indicated that the presynaptic elements of these synapses might be beaded string-like axon collaterals of some type of basket cell. PMID- 6616250 TI - An autoradiographic study of the retinofugal projections in the shark, Hemiscyllium plagiosum. AB - The retinofugal projections in the shark, Hemiscyllium plagiosum were studied after unilateral eye injection of tritiated proline. The results showed that each eye in this animal projects not only to the contralateral side of the brain but also to several ipsilateral visual centers including the nucleus suprachiasmaticus, ventrolateral nucleus of the optic tract and the optic tectum. These results suggest that some of the visual centers in this animal receive direct retinal inputs from both eyes as is the case in many other animals and most notably in mammals. PMID- 6616251 TI - Cortico-Darkschewitsch-olivary projection in the cat: an electron microscope study with the aid of horseradish peroxidase tracing technique. AB - The nucleus of Darkschewitsch (ND) of the cat was observed electron microscopically after surgical ablation of the motor cortex and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injection into the inferior olive of the same animals. Degenerated axon terminals containing pleomorphic synaptic vesicles were observed to synapse chiefly with medium-sized or small dendritic processes, some of which were labeled with HRP retrogradely. Therefore, a cortico-olivary projection which was relayed at the ND was revealed at an ultrastructural level. PMID- 6616252 TI - Comparison of vestibular and abducens internuclear projections to the medial rectus subdivision of the oculomotor nucleus in the monkey. AB - Comparisons were made of projections from the vestibular nuclei (VN) and abducens internuclear neurons (AIN) to cell group A of the medial rectus subdivision (MRS) of the oculomotor nuclear complex. Cell group A, the major component of the MRS, receives projections only from the ipsilateral VN and the contralateral AIN. Neither ipsilateral vestibular projections to cell group A, arising from the medial vestibular nucleus, nor projections from MVN to the opposite abducens nucleus, match the massive projection of AIN to the MRS. PMID- 6616253 TI - The distribution of serotonin receptors in the human brain: high density of [3H]LSD binding sites in the raphe nuclei of the brainstem. AB - Serotonin receptors were localized autoradiographically in the human brainstem after in vitro labeling using [3H]lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Very high concentration of [3H]LSD binding sites, apparently belonging to the 5-HT1 class were localized in the raphe nuclei. Other areas of the brainstem presented only moderate or low receptor densities. Labeled areas were the nucleus interpeduncularis, periaqueductal gray matter, locus coeruleus and nucleus tractus solitarius. The choroid plexus was also labeled by [3H]LSD. The use of [3H]LSD binding as a marker for serotonin cells in the brainstem is suggested. PMID- 6616254 TI - Aromatization: important for testosterone's developmental influences on the neurocircuits mediating cervically stimulated prolactin secretion in the female rat. AB - Adult female rats treated neonatally with testosterone or estrogen fail to respond to cervical stimulation with episodic prolactin release. The developmental action of testosterone is inhibited by co-administration of 1,4,6 androstatriene-3,17-dione at a dose sufficient to inhibit the testosterone induced rise in estrogen receptors in limbic brain cell nuclei. These data suggest the importance of aromatization for testosterone action. PMID- 6616255 TI - Nuclear uptake of testosterone in the dove preoptic area. AB - After intramuscular injection of tritiated testosterone, the tracer and its active metabolites, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and estradiol-17 beta were taken up in vivo by preoptic cell nuclei in the male dove brain. An inactive metabolite, 5 beta-androstane-3 alpha-17 beta-diol, occurred only in the non nuclear compartment. Saturable nuclear uptake of testosterone was higher in the preoptic area than in adjacent nontarget areas. The results suggest that the metabolic pathways demonstrated previously in vitro are all active in vivo, and only testosterone and its active metabolites interact with the cell nucleus. PMID- 6616256 TI - Drinking behavior following electrical stimulation of the subfornical organ in the rat. AB - Electrical stimulation of the subfornical organ (SFO) through implanted stainless steel electrodes produced drinking in water-sated rats. Drinking was elicited primarily during the interstimulation (OFF) periods. Water intake in rats with hippocampal electrode placements occurred during both ON and OFF periods at current intensities (24-100 microA) similar to rats with SFO placements. These findings support the hypothesis that the SFO is involved in the central control of fluid balance. PMID- 6616257 TI - Brain stimulation reward in the lateral hypothalamic medial forebrain bundle: mapping of boundaries and homogeneity. AB - The boundaries and relative fiber concentration of the brain stimulation reward (BSR) sustaining system coursing through the lateral hypothalamic medial forebrain bundle (MFB) were mapped using a dorso-ventral moveable electrode. High response rates for BSR were found in a region extending dorso-ventrally from the zona incerta (ZI) to the base of the brain and medio-laterally from the fornix to the medial tip of the internal capsule (IC). Self-stimulation associated with perifornical area and self-stimulation associated with the tip of the internal capsule were mixed with aversion and forced movements, respectively. Current intensity threshold variations suggest: (i) that the reward system has a well defined dorsal boundary ventral to the ZI, and (ii) that the core of the MFB contains a relatively higher concentration of reward relevant fibers than do its lateral, medial, dorsal and ventral components. No evidence was seen of independent mid-lateral and far-lateral MFB systems, though independent BSR sites in the dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamus were seen. PMID- 6616258 TI - Ultrastructure of chemically defined neuron systems in the dorsal horn of the monkey. III. Serotonin immunoreactivity. AB - The ultrastructural organization of serotoninergic axons and terminals in the superficial dorsal horn of the monkey was examined by the PAP immunohistochemical method. Terminals with serotonin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) were identified in lamina I (marginal zone) and lamina IIo (outer substantia gelatinosa). Labelled profiles contained many small, round, clear vesicles and usually a few granular vesicles (70 nm diameter). Most synaptic junctions were symmetrical with sparse pre- and post-synaptic densities. Most frequently, terminals formed axodendritic synapses on large and small dendrites; axosomatic and axospinous contacts were infrequent. In addition SLI terminals were found apposed to unlabelled LGV-type terminals (containing several large granular vesicles of 75-90 nm). The appositions commonly met some criteria of axo-axonic synapses and the SLI terminal was suspected to be presynaptic. The unlabelled LGV terminal was often presynaptic to a dendrite, and it had characteristics similar to those observed for some primary afferents, particularly those which may contain substance P, a proposed transmitter for nociceptive C-fibers. Most of these 'triplet' complexes (SLI terminal apposing and LGV terminal synapsing onto dendrite) were found in the apical region of lamina I. The axodendritic and axosomatic serotoninergic contacts onto dorsal horn neurons may be a basis for some of the reported post synaptic effects on dorsal horn cells of either local serotonin iontophoresis or of stimulation of the brainstem raphe, the probable origin of the serotoninergic terminals. These effects include both depression and excitation of the responses of the dorsal horn cells to electrical or natural stimulation of primary afferents, particularly C-fibers and nociceptors. Likewise, the contacts of SLI terminals with LGV terminals may provide a morphological substrate for the presynaptic effects also observed for serotonin iontophoresis or raphe stimulation, including changes in the excitability of primary afferent C-fibers. PMID- 6616259 TI - Psychophysical detection and pain ratings of incremental thermal stimuli: a comparison with nociceptor responses in humans. AB - The capacity of humans to detect and scale the magnitude of pain elicited by small increments in temperature, delivered by a contact thermal stimulator to localized areas of the arm or leg, was measured on non-painful and painful adaptation temperatures. Subjects continuously rated the magnitude of any pain sensation elicited by heat increments superimposed on base temperatures of 38, 44, 47 or 48 degrees C. Detection threshold was also measured using a two alternative forced choice method. The increment detection thresholds were lower for a continuously painful base of 47 degrees C than for a non-painful base of 38 degrees C in normal skin, and likewise were lower for a base of 38 degrees C following hyperalgesia induced by a mild burn. Incremental pain thresholds were nearly equal to detection thresholds on the base of 47 degrees C. The sensitivity with which subjects could scale the magnitude of pain was 2-7 times better for increments delivered on a 48 degrees C as opposed to a 38 degrees C base. Evoked responses in 6 single C-fiber mechanoheat nociceptive afferents (CMHs) were recorded percutaneously from the peroneal nerves of 3 humans, who were simultaneously judging pain magnitude. For a base of 38 degrees C, both the pain and the neural response thresholds were an order of magnitude higher than corresponding thresholds on a base of 48 degrees C. For a base of 47 degrees C, response thresholds of the CMHs ranged from 0.1 to 0.5 degrees C and were comparable to detection thresholds of 0.1 to 0.3 degrees C. The sensitivity with which most nociceptors could signal increment size was 3-4 times better on a 48 degrees C than a 38 degrees C base. Incremental pain sensitivity was not altered by a compression block of activity in myelinated afferents that eliminated the sense of cool and touch. Thus, activity in unmyelinated fibers alone could account for the sensitivity to incremental thermal stimuli that were superimposed on a painful base temperature. Further, it is likely that CMH nociceptors alone could provide the peripheral information necessary to detect and to make magnitude judgments of pain elicited by these stimuli. PMID- 6616260 TI - Infant lesion effect: II. Sparing and recovery of function after spinal cord damage in newborn and adult cats. AB - Considerable disagreement exists concerning the degree to which sparing and/or recovery of function occurs following CNS damage at birth rather than in adulthood. To study this question, the spinal cord was hemisected in neonatal and adult cats and the motor behavior of the two groups was compared when the neonatal operates matured and the adult operates recovered. Quantitative analysis of the motor behavior indicated that the effects were not uniform: in some aspects of motor behavior sparing of function was found in neonatal operates; in others, the adult operates displayed performance which was superior to the neonatal group. Both groups exhibited considerable recovery of locomotor function, but adult operates showed greater accuracy of limb placement during locomotion. Furthermore, the neonatal group had some deficits in locomotion and postural reflexes which were not seen at all in adult operates. There were, however, examples of greater recovery in neonatal operates, e.g. in ipsilateral hopping responses and in the reduced hypermetria of the proprioceptive placing reflexes. True sparing of function was manifested by the presence of tactile placing in neonatal operates which was always abolished permanently in adult operates. The characteristics of the performance suggested that although sparing of function had obviously occurred, the response had never matured fully. These results taken together indicate that the relationship between age at the time damage occurs and ultimate outcome in terms of motor behavior is complex: different motor patterns respond differently to the same lesion. True sparing of function may be restricted to motor patterns which are not directly affected by the lesion because they have not yet developed when the lesion is made. PMID- 6616261 TI - Infant lesion effect: III. Anatomical correlates of sparing and recovery of function after spinal cord damage in newborn and adult cats. AB - We have demonstrated that sparing of tactile placing occurs after neonatal but not adult spinal cord damage and that the spared tactile placing of one limb depends on the corresponding (contralateral) sensorimotor cortex. In order to determine whether anatomical reorganization of the corticospinal or brainstem spinal pathways also occurred which might account for the sparing of the tactile placing response, we used retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase to map supraspinal neurons which project caudal to a spinal hemisection made either neonatally or in adulthood. The pattern of HRP labeling in the brainstem was identical in both the neonatal and adult operates. Neonatal operates, however, showed severe retrograde cell loss in brainstem nuclei which projected to the damaged side of the cord. This massive retrograde cell loss was not seen when lesions were made in the adult. In contrast, sparing of corticospinal projections and anatomical reorganization of the corticospinal tract were found after neonatal, but not adult spinal cord lesions. In adult operates, this lesion abolished HRP labeling in the contralateral sensorimotor cortex, while in all of the neonatal operates, HRP labeled cells were found throughout these cortical areas. The labeled cells had many characteristics in common with those of the normal CST. They were located in lamina V of cytoarchitectonic areas 4, 3, 1-2, and 5. Although the range of cell diameter was normal, the mean diameter of these spared neurons was below normal. Although the 'spared' CST may share many characteristics with the normal CST, its axons must have reached caudal segments of the cord by an abnormal pathway, since the normal route for the CST was destroyed by the lesion. The results indicate that two different regions of the CNS responded differently to the same neonatal lesion. Growing CST axons exhibited anatomical plasticity, contrasting with the retrograde death of the brainstem spinal tracts. We suggest that this difference between the two classes of pathways is due to the difference in time of their development. Only the latest developing pathways displayed anatomical sparing. The difference may also be seen in terms of the behavioral results. Only late-developing motor patterns were spared after neonatal lesions. PMID- 6616262 TI - The postnatal development of synapses in the different laminae of the visual cortex in the normal kitten and in kittens with eyelid suture. AB - The postnatal development of synapses in the different laminae of the visual cortex has been studied in normal kittens and in kittens with unilateral or bilateral eyelid suture. In general, in normal kittens all laminae underwent basically the same two phases of development as for the cortex as a whole: an initial rapid rise to a peak at about 70 days of age, followed by a reduction in the density of asymmetric axospinous synapses towards the adult levels. There was no indication of a significant reduction in any other type of synapse. Lamina IV did not appear to have a peak density at 70 days of age, but there was a gradual decline after this age in the synaptic density toward adulthood, as for other laminae. The effects of eyelid suture were different for each lamina. On average, the density of synapses in the supragranular laminae underwent an initial retardation in the rate of development followed by a rise to a higher than normal peak at 70 days, and then a fall to below normal adult levels. The infragranular laminae also underwent an initial reduced rate of growth and never acquired their normal adult levels. Lamina IV was the least affected. Much of the changes in the development of synapses involved asymmetric axo-spinous synapses, with a small reduction in the number of symmetric synapses chiefly in lamina IV. PMID- 6616263 TI - Spatial and temporal pattern of postnatal proliferation of glial cells in the parietal cortex of the rat. AB - Rats were injected with [3H]thymidine on different postnatal days (PD 0 approximately PD 16) and sacrificed after 6 h. Parietal cortices were embedded in epoxy resin and then semithin sections for autoradiography and ultrathin ones for electron microscopy were made alternately. On the day of birth (PD 0), about 70% of total labeled cells within the cortical gray, which were proved to be glial cells, were observed in the inner half of the cortical width. On PD 4, however, the intracortical distribution of labeled cells was reversed, i.e. about 70% of labeled cells were found in the outer half. Thereafter, on PD 6 and PD 8, no significant difference of the number of the labeled cells could be noted between the outer and the inner halves of the cortical gray. The pattern of glial proliferation in the parietal cortex of early postnatal rat thus showed an inside out tendency, although not so distinctive as that of prenatal neurogenesis in the neocortex. Electron microscopy of the labeled cells revealed that on earliest days, they showed the condensation of nuclear chromatin and abundant free ribosomes, both suggesting the immaturity of cells, while, on later days, the nuclear chromatin became dispersed and free ribosomes decreased, indicating the progress of cellular differentiation as glial cells. PMID- 6616264 TI - Effect of neonatal and adult-onset hypothyroidism on pyramidal cells of the rat auditory cortex. PMID- 6616265 TI - Maternal effects on mouse brain weight. AB - When BALB/cCF mice were crossed reciprocally with 4 other inbred strains, adult brain weights averaged 21.0 mg heavier for hybrid offspring with a BALB mother than those with a BALB father. Reciprocal backcrosses to BALB revealed that this effect was a consequence of the BALB maternal environment, not cytoplasmic or sex chromosomal influences. These findings demonstrate that BALB mice have heavier brains than those of several other inbred strains, partly because of chromosomal influences, but also because of their maternal environment, an environmental influence which usually functions as a component of heredity in studies comparing inbred strains. Backcrosses also revealed a maternal environment effect whereby offspring with an F1 hybrid mother had adult brains averaging 9.0 mg heavier than those with a BALB mother. PMID- 6616266 TI - Time of vasopressin neuron origin in the mouse hypothalamus: examination by combined technique of immunocytochemistry and [3H]thymidine autoradiography. AB - A time-course study on production of vasopressin neurons (VP-neurons) in the mouse hypothalamus was carried out by application of [3H]thymidine autoradiography and PAP-immunocytochemistry simultaneously on the same tissue sections. In the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the supraoptic nucleus (SON), heavily [3H]thymidine-labeled VP-neurons were detected only in the specimens of the animals exposed to the isotope on the gestational day 12. While in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), heavily isotope-labeled VP-neurons were observed in the specimens of the animals exposed to the isotope on the gestational day 12 or day 14. Therefore, the production of the VP-neurons in the SCN is prolonged and slightly more delayed than that in the SON or PVN. PMID- 6616267 TI - The phylogenetic distribution of electroreception: evidence for convergent evolution of a primitive vertebrate sense modality. AB - Specializations for electroreception in sense organs and brain centers are found in a wide variety of fishes and amphibians, though probably in a small minority of teleost taxa. No other group of vertebrates or invertebrates is presently suspected to have adaptations for electroreception in the definition given here. The distribution among fishes is unlike any other sense modality in that it has apparently been invented, lost completely and reinvented several times independently, using distinct receptors and central nuclei in the medulla. There are so far no clearly borderline or transitional fishes, either physiologically or anatomically. We rather expect a few new electroreceptive taxa to be found. The evoked potential method and the newly validated central anatomical criteria provide two useful tools for searching. Although Myxiniformes probably lack electroreception, it is well developed in Petromyzoniformes and in all other non teleost fishes except Holostei. Thus Elasmobranchia, Holocephala, Dipneusti, Crossopterygii, Polypteriformes and Chondrostei have the physiological and anatomical specializations in a common form consistent with a single origin in primitive vertebrates. Amphibian ancestors probably inherited the system from a stem similar to one of these and passed it on at least to the ambystomatoid and salamandroid urodeles, apparently after losing the kinocilium of the sense cell. The suggestion of electroreception in ichthyophid apodans from skin histology has not been confirmed physiologically, behaviorally or by brain anatomy. With respect to more advanced fishes the most parsimonious interpretation is that the entire system, peripheral and central was lost in ancestors of holostean and teleostean fishes and new systems reinvented in Siluriformes, in Gymnotiformes, in Xenomystinae and in Mormyriformes. These 4 taxa must represent at least two, and probably 3 or 4 independent inventions, presumably from mechanoreceptive lateral line organs and brain centers. PMID- 6616268 TI - An HRP study of the brainstem afferents to the accessory abducens region and dorsolateral pons in rabbit: implications for the conditioned nictitating membrane response. AB - Brain projections to the accessory abducens region and dorsolateral pons were investigated in rabbit using implants of crystalline horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Following implantation of HRP in the accessory abducens region (N = 3), labeled cells were observed in the sensory trigeminal nuclei and other regions implicated in the reflex pathway of the defensive nictitating membrane (NM) response. Neurons in the supratrigeminal zone were also labeled, as were portions of the contralateral red nucleus. Implantation of HRP into the dorsolateral pons (N = 5) revealed ipsilateral projections from deep-cerebellar nuclei in some cases. In addition, the parvocellular reticular formation displayed bilateral labeling of cells and an ipsilateral network of fibers and apparent terminations. Many cells of the contralateral supratrigeminal zone were labeled in these cases. Results were discussed in relation to lesioning and electrophysiological studies implicating the supratrigeminal region and other structures in the control of the classically conditioned NM response. Specifically, the possibility that supratrigeminal neurons are premotor elements responsible for the conditioned response is considered. Alternative hypotheses are discussed, including pathways by which cerebellar nuclei could control conditioned responding. PMID- 6616269 TI - The islands of Calleja complex of rat basal forebrain II: connections of medium and large sized cells. AB - The connections of the medium (10-20 microns) and large (20-35 microns) cells of the islands of Calleja Complex (ICC) were studied in the albino rat with anterograde and retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and fluorescent tracers. The medium and large size cells were found to project to the ipsilateral olfactory tubercle, ventral pallidum, septum, piriform cortex, periamygdaloid cortex, cortical nuclei of the amygdala, ventral endopiriform nucleus, lateral hypothalamic area, Forel's field H, ventral tegmental area, supramammillary complex, and nuclei gemini of the hypothalamus, midline, intralaminar and medial thalamic nuclei, and lateral habenula. Afferents of the ICC appear to include the same nuclei with the exception of the lateral habenula. In addition, the dorsal raphe projects to the ICC. These connections are consistent with the concept that the ICC is a striato-pallidal structure. PMID- 6616270 TI - Locus coeruleus stimulation potentiates local inhibitory processes in rat cerebellum. AB - We previously reported that a low threshold action of norepinephrine (NE) on the cerebellar circuitry is expressed as an amplification of the inhibitory action of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) on Purkinje cell activity. Here we examined the effects of locus coeruleus (LC) stimulation on "off-beam" inhibitions of Purkinje cell firing induced by activation of local basket and stellate cell interneurons to determine whether endogenous NE, released from synaptic terminals, could induce a comparable enhancement of GABA-mediated synaptic input to these neurons. Stimulation of LC, at current intensities which by themselves were subthreshold for directly affecting background activity of Purkinje neurons, markedly increased off-beam inhibitory neuronal responses. Iontophoretic application of the beta-adrenergic blocker sotalol reversibly antagonized this enhancement of synaptic inhibition. In comparison, the potentiative effects observed with LC stimulation were increased by iontophoresis of the alpha-adrenergic blocker phentolamine. LC -induced increases in off-beam inhibition were not observed after destruction of cerebellar noradrenergic terminals by 6-hydroxydopamine. These results suggest that noradrenergic input from the LC can augment the efficacy of conventional GABA-mediated inputs synapsing on the Purkinje cell. PMID- 6616271 TI - Heterotopic interhemispheric cortical connections in the rat. AB - In the rat, contrary to other species, interhemispheric cortical connections have been considered to travel largely between homotopical regions only. Based on iontophoretic injections of horseradish peroxidase, the present study reports extensive heterotopic interhemispheric connections between posterior insular (perirhinal) regions of the lateral part of the hemisphere and anterior prefrontal regions of the medial hemisphere and vice versa. Generally, the areas connected interhemispherically are also connected intrahemispherically. The ratio of contralateral projections appears to be less than one third of the ipsilateral ones. PMID- 6616272 TI - Hypothermia and chloropent anesthesia differentially affect the flash evoked potentials of hooded rats. AB - Anesthetics and body temperature alterations are both known to alter parameters of sensory-evoked responses. However few studies have quantitatively assessed the contributions of hypothermia to anesthetic-induced changes. Two experiments were performed. In the first, chronically implanted rats were injected with either 0, 0.05, 0.10 or 0.20 ml Chloropent/100 g b.w., while body temperature was maintained. Flash evoked potentials recorded 30 min later showed increased latencies but only minor (not statistically significant) changes in amplitude. In the second experiment the same rats were anesthetized with 0.35 ml Chloropent/100 g b.w. and rectal temperature was systematically varied between 31 degrees C and 37 degrees C. Over the ranges of temperature and anesthetic employed, latencies increased more extensively with hypothermia than with anesthesia. P1N1 amplitude doubled when temperature was lowered to 31C, but P2N2 and N2P3 amplitudes declined over the same temperature range. Anesthetic-induced changes in peak-to peak amplitude did not reach statistical significance when body temperature was constant. The findings suggest that previously reported alterations in evoked potentials following anesthesia may have been confounded with hypothermia. PMID- 6616273 TI - Unit-activity in the central amygdalar nucleus of rats in response to immobilization--stress. AB - Multiple-unit activity in the central nucleus of the amygdala of rats was measured during immobilization and during presentations of a white-noise stimulus that had been paired with the restraint treatment. Results showed that some units responded with an increase, others with a decrease in firing rate during immobilization. Several units also showed "conditioned" rate changes to the auditory stimulus. A behavioral assessment of the presumed conditioned aversive properties of the stimulus showed that the rats which had experienced the pairing of restraint and the noise stimulus escaped faster when presented with the stimulus than the unpaired controls. It is suggested that the central amygdala might be part of a system in which stressful inputs influence autonomic functions. PMID- 6616274 TI - Permanent alterations in the rat spinal cord following prenatal exposure to N ethyl-N-nitrosourea. AB - Pregnant rats between gestational stages E14-E22 were given a single injection of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU). Pups born of these females were sacrificed 60 days after birth and their spinal cords examined qualitatively and quantitatively. Quantitative analysis involved measurement of spinal cord length and volume, estimation of neuron number, and the measurement of individual cell dendritic number and length. Cytoarchitecturally spinal cords appeared normal in all animals regardless of the age when they were exposed to ENU. Animals exposed during the latter portion of neurogenesis in the spinal cord (E14-E16) had significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced volumes of gray matter and reduced cell counts. Cellular analysis showed that all animals exhibited some stunting of dendritic length, although the number of dendritic branches was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher than normal for neurons of the intermediate gray and the substantia gelatinosa. Increase in the number of dendrites per cell suggests a mechanism of structural compensation by the surviving neuronal cells following their exposure to the teratogen. PMID- 6616275 TI - Histochemical observations on rodent brain melanin. AB - The presence or absence of melanin and neuromelanin in rodent brain was determined by means of light microscopic histochemistry. Melanin in melanocytes located in meninges and along cerebral capillaries occurred in abundance in C57 black mice and to a lesser extent in pigmented rats. Meningeal melanin bound cupric and ferrous ions, reduced ferricyanide, and appeared golden-brown in the bright field, light scattering in the dark field, and absorbant in the ultraviolet. Eleven aging albino rats were utilized to ascertain if the age related pigment, neuromelanin was present in neurons of the substantia nigra. Evidence of neuromelanin was not obtained as the cupric and ferrous ion uptake reactions were negative and neuromelanin could not be seen in the bright or dark field. Substantia nigra neurons did exhibit histochemical reactions for lipofuscin, however, as acid phosphatase positive, periodic acid-Schiff positive, and autofluorescent granules were demonstrated. PMID- 6616276 TI - A chronic headholder minimizing facial obstructions. PMID- 6616277 TI - Chemically modified electrode for in vivo monitoring of brain catecholamines. AB - A chemically modified graphite paste electrode was developed to allow catecholamines to be electrochemically distinguished from ascorbic acid and the dopamine metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC). Interference from 5 hydroxyindoles is eliminated through appropriate choice of electrode potential. The electrode gives linear current responses with increasing concentrations of catecholamines unaffected by the presence of ascorbic acid or DOPAC and exhibits long-term response stability in brain tissue. Examples are provided demonstrating the selectivity of the electrode to changes in extracellular dopamine in the rat striatum. PMID- 6616278 TI - A simpler retractable wire knife. AB - A detailed description is presented for the construction of a simple and inexpensive retractable wire knife and holder/adjuster for stereotaxically placed transections of neural pathways. The accuracy and reliability of the knife are supported by experimental data demonstrating the ability of bilateral parasagittal hypothalamic knife cuts to induce excessive food intake and body weight gain in female rats. PMID- 6616279 TI - [Contribution of electron microscopy to virological diagnosis]. PMID- 6616281 TI - [Antineoplastic activity of Legionella pneumophila cultures against mouse tumors]. PMID- 6616280 TI - [Complement activity in serum after treatment with chloroform and ether]. PMID- 6616282 TI - [Clinical and virological aspects of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis]. PMID- 6616283 TI - [Experience with vaccination of humans against Q fever in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 6616284 TI - [Aminotransferases in mice infected with a virulent strain of Toxoplasma gondii]. PMID- 6616285 TI - [Reactivity of smooth muscle in the trachea and lung of cats to acetylcholine in experimental inflammation]. PMID- 6616286 TI - [Morphological and secretory changes in the gastric mucosa in patients with duodenal ulcer before and after selective proximal vagotomy]. PMID- 6616287 TI - [Epidemiology of the familial incidence of latent toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 6616288 TI - [Surgical treatment of ureteral injuries due to gynecologic operations]. PMID- 6616289 TI - [Analysis of the results of parasitological examination of foreign citizens in Martin in 1981]. PMID- 6616290 TI - The venous pump of the human foot--preliminary report. PMID- 6616291 TI - Collateral pulmonary respiration of Van Allen. A forgotten essential physiological mechanism for the clearance of bronchiolar blocks. PMID- 6616292 TI - Carcinoma of prostate. Increased mortality and cardio-vascular complications associated with oestrogen therapy as compared with orchiectomy. PMID- 6616293 TI - Aspects of General Practice studied by University of Bristol students. PMID- 6616294 TI - Liver hydatid cyst rupture. PMID- 6616295 TI - Chronic pancreatitis in Bristol. PMID- 6616296 TI - Medicine and birds. PMID- 6616297 TI - A teaching visit to the University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana. PMID- 6616298 TI - Possible growth factors for chickens in silkworm pupae meal. AB - Silkworm pupae were included in the diet of growing chickens, causing little effect at 50 g/kg but a marked depression in performance at 100 g/kg. Direct comparisons of diets containing silkworm pupae of different ages indicated a growth stimulating effect correlated with ecdysteroid activity. PMID- 6616299 TI - Effects of defeathering and insulative jackets on production by laying hens at low temperatures. AB - Exposure to a temperature of 5 degrees C compared with 20 degrees C resulted in a 20.5% increase in food consumption and an 18.8% decrease in efficiency of food utilisation with intermediate values resulting from exposure to 10 degrees C and 15 degrees C. Removal of feathers from the neck, back and (or) breast resulted in a 5 to 6% increase in food consumption. The effects of feather removal and temperature on food consumption were additive. Cloth jackets effectively insulated the back and breast areas when feathers had been removed but also resulted in increased food intake and lower efficiency. PMID- 6616300 TI - Sulphur amino acid requirement of laying hens and the effects of excess dietary methionine on laying performance. AB - Individually-caged laying hens were fed on maize-soya bean meal diets containing 11.50 or 12.35 MJ ME/kg with sulphur amino acid (SAA) contents varying from 5.0 to 7.0 g/kg in period 1 (0 to 20 weeks); from 5.0 to 8.0 g/kg in period 2 (21 to 36 weeks) and from 5.0 to 10.0 g/kg in period 3 (37 to 52 weeks). A SAA requirement of about 750 mg/hen d, of which about 425 mg was methionine, was found to be adequate for birds producing on average 51 g egg mass per hen d over 52 weeks. The SAA requirement was found to be higher for maximum efficiency of food utilisation than for maximum egg yield. A diet containing 140 g protein/kg adequately supplemented with methionine and lysine, could sustain laying performance almost identical to that achieved on a diet containing 167 g protein/kg. In diets with 140 g protein/kg the addition of 0.5 to 3.5 g DL methionine/kg diet in excess of the requirement did not affect egg production adversely, but food conversion efficiency was decreased. PMID- 6616301 TI - The effects of dietary intake and of dietary concentration of copper sulphate on the laying domestic fowl: effects on laying performance and tissue mineral contents. AB - Sixty white hybrid (Shaver 288) laying hens were subjected to three main dietary regimens for 5 d: ad libitum feeding of control and CuSO4-supplemented diets, force-feeding these same diets to the same intake as that of the ad libitum control diet and pair-feeding the control CuSO4-free diet to intakes equivalent to those of supplemented diets. Final body weight of the force-fed birds was significantly greater than of the other groups. Egg number and weight were significantly reduced as food intake decreased. Liver weight per unit body weight was significantly increased and oviduct and ovary weights/kg body weight were significantly reduced by force-feeding. As food intake decreased kidney and gizzard weights per unit body weight were significantly increased. The concentrations and total contents of Cu and Zn in liver were significantly increased in the ad libitum and force-fed groups. Force-feeding CuSO4 supplemented diets, which eliminated difference in food intake, confirmed that CuSO4 per se affected tissue weights and mineral concentrations as distinct from effects due to the reduced food intake associated with increasing dietary CuSO4. PMID- 6616302 TI - The effects of dietary intake and of dietary concentration of copper sulphate on the laying domestic fowl: effects on some aspects of lipid, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. AB - These investigations were carried out to determine whether the effects of feeding CuSO4-supplemented diets on metabolism in the laying hen were due directly to the dietary CuSO4 content or indirectly to the effects of CuSO4 on food consumption. In experiment 1, 144 hens were given CuSO4-supplemented diets ad libitum for 48 d. Food consumption decreased as the dietary CuSO4 content increased and this was associated with decreases in blood plasma lipid, 17 beta-oestradiol and liver lipid concentrations and hepatic lipogenic enzyme activities. In experiment 2, 60 laying hens were subjected to three dietary regimens in an attempt to differentiate between the effects of reduced food consumption and dietary CuSO4 per se. Control and CuSO4-supplemented diets were fed ad libitum, or the CuSO4 containing diets were force-fed to the same intake as the ad libitum control diet, or the control diet was pair-fed to the same intakes as the CuSO4 supplemented diets. Liver lipid concentrations were significantly decreased in the ad libitum and pair-fed groups at the lowest intake. Plasma 17 beta oestradiol concentration was decreased in ad libitum and force-fed birds given diets with 1,000 mg added Cu/kg. Lipogenic enzyme activities were reduced in the ad libitum and pair-fed groups and increased in the force-fed birds. The results indicate that CuSO4 per se directly affected circulating 17 beta-oestradiol, and hence reproductive physiology, and that the quantity of food consumed influenced the rate of hepatic lipogenesis. PMID- 6616304 TI - Performance of layers reared and/or kept under different 6-hour light-dark cycles. AB - Using 60 hens reared and kept on a standard lighting programme (decreasing followed by increasing photoperiod to 22 weeks of age and 14 h continuous light: 10 h continuous dark during lay) as control, the effects of the following intermittent patterns on development and performance were studied. Group 1. The same rearing programme, followed by, between 20 and 36 weeks, 3 h light (L):3 h dark (D) intermittent and then from 36 weeks a regime in which each light period was progressively shortened by 30 min every 8 weeks with corresponding lengthening of the dark period so that the last cycle used between 52 and 60 weeks was 1.5 h L:4.5 h D. Group 2.6-hour light-dark cycles from hatching; the light:dark ratio first decreasing and then increasing, such that total light hours per day varied as in the control group to 20 weeks, and then subsequent lighting as in 1. Group 3. Intermittent lighting of 1.5 h L:4.5 h D unvaryingly from 4 to 60 weeks. Sexual development was essentially the same in all groups. Egg numbers were decreased slightly by the short light-dark cycles but daily egg mass output was the same in all groups. Food utilisation was best in group 1 and worst in the control group. In general egg weight and shell quality were improved by the short light-dark cycles; the effect appearing with the first eggs and being especially marked for group 3. On intermittent regimes ovipositions were equally distributed, between the four daily light-dark periods when the light:dark ratio was near unity but were more numerous during the first half of the solar day when the ratio was 1.5 L:4.5 D. PMID- 6616303 TI - Toxic effects of high concentrations of zinc oxide in the diet of the chick and laying hen. AB - The effects of high dietary concentrations of zinc oxide on chicks and hens were studied in four experiments. Chicks given 2000, 4000 or 6000 mg zinc/kg diet from 2 to 6 weeks of age grew poorly, many showing gizzard erosion and lesions of the exocrine pancreas. Dissecting aneurysms occurred in a few birds receiving 6000 mg zinc/kg. Pancreatic lesions were found in chicks maintained on 1000, 2000 or 4000 mg zinc/kg from 0 to 4 weeks and the two higher concentrations reduced body weight and increased the incidence of gizzard erosion. Histologically, gizzard lesions varied from excessive desquamation of epithelial cells, heterophils and erythrocytes into an abnormally spongiform koilin, to erosion of koilin, glands and pits. Pancreatic lesions could be detected only microscopically and consisted of dilation of the acinar lumina, cytoplasmic vacuolation, cytoplasmic globule formation and necrosis of the exocrine cells with interparenchymal fibrosis. Similar lesions of the gizzard and pancreas were found in hens after they had received 10000 or 20000 mg zinc/kg diet for only 4 d. Hens given 10000 mg zinc/kg for 4 d followed by a normal zinc intake for 28 d had normal gizzards and pancreata. PMID- 6616305 TI - A 31P topical magnetic resonance study of embryonic development in hens' eggs. AB - A 31P topical magnetic resonance study of whole chicken's eggs in vivo is described. Resonances from adenosine triphosphate, phosphocreatine, inorganic phosphate and phosphorous storage protein were observed. These changed in relative intensity as the embryo developed. No ill effects due to exposure to radiofrequency radiation or magnetic fields were observed. It is concluded that topical magnetic resonance can make a useful contribution to the study of embryonic development in avian eggs. PMID- 6616306 TI - Acquired local resistance to burns: prevention of its acquisition by chlorpromazine. AB - Chlorpromazine administered to Sprague-Dawley rats 30 minutes prior to burning dramatically minimized burn oedema by a factor of 7 compared with controls. Reburning of the rats 72 hours later demonstrated acquisition of local (but not systemic) resistance to subsequent burning among the control animals, and prevention of the acquisition of local resistance by the previously treated chlorpromazine group. The pharmacological actions of chlorpromazine are discussed in relation to the above phenomena, and mechanisms for the results obtained are described. PMID- 6616307 TI - Effect of intravenous infusion on development of pulmonary oedema after inhalation injury. AB - Last year, after a systematic search of pathological and patho-physiological changes of inhalation injury in dogs, we recorded severe pulmonary oedema as early as 2 h postburn (the earliest monitoring time designed in experiment) on dogs inflicted with both body surface and severe respiratory burns without any fluid replacement during the whole course of experiment. In an analysis of cases admitted into our burn centre in the past ten years, we also found that there was no definite relationship between the incidence and severity of pulmonary oedema occurring in severe burn patients and the amount of fluid infused in the early burn phase. These facts led us to the following experiment designed to study the effect of intravenous infusion on development of pulmonary oedema after severe burns complicated with inhalation injuries. PMID- 6616308 TI - Respiratory functions in thermal burns. AB - In our present series, respiratory functions were observed in patients with a relatively small extent of burn compared to that commonly represented by the published works, and for a considerable duration of time (three weeks), commencing soon after the burn trauma. Respiratory rate increased in the post burn trauma and the peak expiratory rate was observed on the 8th post burn days and then it gradually fell but still remaining much higher than the control normal value. The minute volume and tidal volume also showed similar rise on the 8th post burn day and then gradually fell to below the mean level of 3rd post burn day before the 3rd post burn week. Forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, forced expiratory volume in three seconds, forced expiratory volume in one second as a percentage of forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in three seconds, as a percentage of forced vital capacity and peak expiratory flow rates, did not vary much and indicated no significant respiratory abnormality. PMID- 6616309 TI - Epidemiology of burns attending a casualty department in Brisbane. AB - A prospective survey of adult burn patients was undertaken at the Casualty Department of the Royal Brisbane Hospital to determine the epidemiology of burns in the area covered by the hospital. All patients received a proforma when they presented for the first time. 144 people were included in the survey which ran from 1 July to 31 December 1980. Young males of low social status and elderly females, also of low social status, figured prominently. Many burns were the result of hot water or steam. Most patients had no associated medical condition and most people were burnt in or around their homes in daylight hours and at the weekend. PMID- 6616311 TI - Circulating fibronectin in burned patients. AB - Plasma and serum fibronectin levels were determined in a serial study of 24 non septic burned patients by means of the passive haemagglutination test and electroimmunoassay. The results showed a consistent pattern of observed changes: a decrease of circulating fibronectin in the initial (first 72 hours post-burn), and during post-operatyive period (usually by the end of the first week and during the second week post-injury). Fibronectin level decreases were more remarkable than total serum protein concentration changes following injury, as reflected by decrease of fibronectin/protein ratio. PMID- 6616310 TI - Energy and nitrogen balances in 24 severely burned patients receiving 4 isocaloric diets of about 10 MJ/m2/day (2392 Kcalories/m2/day). AB - Twenty-four subjects with burns ranging from 25-70 per cent received for 12 days exclusively per os a series of 4 isocaloric diets of about 4000 Kcal--'normal', or hyperproteic, or hyperlipidic, or hyperglucidic according to a randomized schedule. Oxygen consumptions were measured at the end of each diet and nitrogen balance was determined every day. Though patients were not massively overfed there remained a positive energy gap. The nitrogen balance was found to be equilibrated on the whole but clearly positive with the hyperproteic diet and clearly negative with the hyperlipidic-normoproteic diet. Thus there is no rationale for the huge energy overfeeding classically used. PMID- 6616312 TI - Collagen crosslinks in human dentin: increasing content of hydroxypyridinium residues with age. AB - The hydroxypyridinium crosslinks of collagen are believed to derive from reducible, divalent crosslinks. To study this concept further, both types of crosslink were quantified as a function of age in dentin, a tissue thought to have minimal collagen turnover. Human (5, 15, 28 and 56 years) and bovine (fetal and adult) root dentin was analyzed by a procedure that measures both hydroxypyridinium and reducible crosslinks on the amino acid analyzer. In human dentin, hydroxypyridinium crosslinks increased with age and became the predominant crosslinks as the two reducible residues, dehydrodihydroxylysinonorleucine and dehydrohydroxylysinonorleucine, diminished. Similarly in adult bovine dentin, hydroxypyridinium residues were sixfold more concentrated than in fetal bovine dentin. Borohydride treatment of tissue did not influence the measured content of hydroxypyridinium residues. The analyses also ruled out natural reduction as a stabilizing reaction for the divalent, reducible crosslinks. Though hydroxypyridinium residues became the major aldehyde-mediated crosslinks of adult dentin collagen, significant levels of reducible crosslinks remain throughout the tooth's adult life. PMID- 6616313 TI - Age-related loss of trabecular bone in premenopausal women: a biopsy study. AB - We measured the trabecular bone volume (TBV) of 62 iliac crest biopsies taken from women admitted to lymphoma protocols at Stanford University between 1970 1981. All subjects were active, cycling premenopausal women, with bone marrows that were negative for tumor. Disease status was stage III or less in 90% of the subjects. Trabecular bone volume was negatively correlated with age, and the annual predicted loss of bone was 0.14-0.18% TBV, or 0.7% of the original bone volume. In addition, there was a substantial range of normal TBV at any given age, evident even during adolescence. This study demonstrates that TBV is lost from iliac crest throughout adult life. The large spread in TBV indicates further that factors operating during adolescence or even earlier may have an important impact on skeletal mass. PMID- 6616314 TI - Mean wall thickness and formation periods of trabecular bone packets in corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. AB - We have compared the mean wall thickness (MWT) and active formation periods (sigma f(A] of trabecular bone packets in iliac crest biopsies from 20 patients (7 male, 13 female) with corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis (CS-OP) and 20 age- and sex-matched controls. The trabecular bone volume (TBV) of the CS-OP patients (9.6% +/- 2.2% [SD]) was significantly reduced compared to controls (19.3% +/- 5.1%). The MWT of CS-OP patients (32.7 +/- 4.3 micron) was also significantly lower than the control value (48.0 +/- 6.2 micron). There was a positive correlation between MWT and TBV in both groups. The mineralization rate (M) of the CS-OP patients (0.54 +/- 0.25 micron/day) was within the normal range, and since there was no increase in osteoid seam thickness, so therefore was the osteoblastic appositional rate (OAR). The active formation period of trabecular bone packets (sigma f(A) = MWT/M) was significantly lower in the CS-OP patients (55.9 +/- 14.4 days) than in the control group (68.1 +/- 9.4 days). MWT and sigma f(A) both decreased with age in the control group, whereas in the CS-OP group they were independent of age. We conclude that corticosteroid therapy results in a reduction of the MWT of trabecular bone packets and, consequently, of TBV. In these patients, where the OAR was normal, the reduction in MWT was apparently caused by a shortening of the life-span of the active osteoblastic population at the basic multicellular unit (BMU) level. PMID- 6616315 TI - Studies on the role of vitamin D in early skeletal development, mineralization, and growth in rats. PMID- 6616316 TI - Metabolic alkalosis during immobilization in monkeys (M. nemestrina). AB - We studied the systemic and renal acid-base response of monkeys during ten weeks of immobilization. By three weeks of immobilization, arterial pH and bicarbonate concentrations were elevated (chronic metabolic alkalosis). Net urinary acid excretion increased in immobilized animals. Urinary bicarbonate excretion decreased during the first three weeks of immobilization, and then returned to control levels. Sustained increases in urinary ammonium excretion were seen throughout the time duration of immobilization. Neither potassium depletion nor hypokalemia was observed. Most parameters returned promptly to the normal range during the first week of recovery. Factors tentatively associated with changes in acid-base status of monkeys include contraction of extracellular fluid volume, retention of bicarbonate, increased acid excretion, and possible participation of extrarenal buffers. PMID- 6616317 TI - Identification of a bone matrix-derived chemotactic factor. AB - When demineralized bone matrix powder is implanted subcutaneously in the rat, the early responses involve the appearance and proliferation of mesenchymal cells at the site of implantation, followed by cartilage and bone formation. The ability of cells to migrate to the implant suggests that chemotaxis may be a critical event in this process. Therefore, using the modified Boyden chamber assay, we tested extracts of demineralized bone matrix for chemotactic activity. We have identified and partially purified, on molecular sieve chromatography, a heat labile and trypsin-sensitive protein (Mr = 60,000-70,000) that is a potent chemoattractant for mouse calvaria, osteoblast-like cells (MMB-1), but not for monocytes (putative osteoclast precursors). These findings suggest that chemotactic protein(s) have a significant role in the recruitment of osteoprogenitor cells to a site of bone repair. PMID- 6616318 TI - Ca-enriched amorphous mineral deposits associated with the plasma membranes of chondrocytes and matrix vesicles of rat epiphyseal cartilage. AB - Electron microscopic study of tibial epiphyseal plates of young growing rats revealed amorphous-appearing electron dense deposits 5-35 nm in diameter, associated with the plasma membranes of more than 43% of the proliferative zone chondrocytes. Hypertrophic zone chondrocytes, however, revealed no plasma membrane-associated amorphous-appearing deposits. The membrane-associated densities were observable in unstained sections of tissues fixed in glutaraldehyde alone and in tissues double-fixed with glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide, and were extracted from ultrathin sections floated on neutral aqueous solutions of 4% ethyleneglycol bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether) N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) for one-half hour. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis of the densities in scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) mode revealed the presence of Ca, suggesting that the membrane-associated amorphous-appearing deposits are Ca enriched. Similar deposits were observed in the membrane of matrix vesicles present in the longitudinal cartilaginous septae in the hypertrophic zone. Four types of matrix vesicles were encountered in the longitudinal cartilaginous septae; one type with amorphous-appearing deposits, another with crystallites, a third type with both amorphous-appearing and crystalline-like deposits, and a fourth that is empty. These observations are interpreted to indicate that chondrocytes of the reserve and proliferative zones play a direct role in mineralization by elaborating amorphous mineral deposits along their plasma membranes. These deposits are incorporated into budding matrix vesicles, which then play a role in the initiation of mineralization by supporting the spontaneous phase transformation of amorphous-appearing mineral to crystalline mineral. PMID- 6616319 TI - Effect of estrogens and phosphorus depletion on plasma calcitonin in the rat. PMID- 6616320 TI - Effect of fluoride on parathyroid activity of normal and calcium-deficient rats. AB - Forty 5-week-old rats were randomly divided into 1 control group given a normal diet and water low in fluoride (0.026 mM/1) and experimental group receiving the same basic diet and a fluoride supplement of 2.6 mMol/l in the drinking water. After 30 weeks, half of the fluoride-supplemented and half of the nonsupplemented animals were given a calcium-deficient diet for another 16 weeks. Parathyroid activity was estimated by determinations of serum levels of parathyroid hormone and by light microscopic, morphometric evaluation of randomized sections of the parathyroid glands. Serum iPTH and parathyroid nuclear size were significantly increased in the calcium-deficient animals without any fluoride supplement. Fluoride administration to animals on a normal diet did not cause any increase in the serum iPTH levels or in the morphometric parameters for nuclear size. Calcium deficient animals given a fluoride supplement also showed normal serum iPTH levels and normal parathyroid nuclear size. It is therefore concluded that fluoride does not induce hyperparathyroidism and, further, that fluoride seems to inhibit increased parathyroid activity caused by calcium deficiency. PMID- 6616321 TI - Changes in lipids during matrix: induced endochondral bone formation. AB - The changes in lipids occurring during the process of endochondral ossification have been characterized by studying the discrete phases of matrix-induced endochondral bone formation in the rat. Calcium-acidic phospholipid-phosphate complexes were shown to increase in concentration during cartilage calcification (day 9) and to peak in content during early bone formation (days 11-13), the times during which the rate of mineral deposition, as indicated by the change in ash weight was greatest. These data support the hypothesis that the calcium acidic phospholipid-phosphate complexes play a role in the in vivo initiation of hydroxyapatite deposition. The overall lipid composition of the induced matrix newly formed cartilage (days 7-9) was comparable to that of normal cartilage, with the phospholipid composition matching that of chondrocyte plasma membranes. Times of vascular invasion and formation of marrow cavities were marked by elevated total lipid and triglyceride contents. PMID- 6616322 TI - Direct measurements of basal bone resorption in microphthalmic mice in vivo. AB - Microphthalmic mice and their normal littermates were prelabeled extensively in utero with 3H-tetracycline and 3H-proline, or with 45Ca alone. The loss of 3H tetracycline and 3H-collagen from whole femur was measured from birth to 24 days of age at weekly intervals to determine bone resorption of mineral and matrix in vivo. The ratio of blood 45Ca specific activity to that of bone (blood/bone ratio) was used to reflect the interrelationship between bone, blood, and dietary calcium, as well as bone resorption. There was little, if any, loss of 3H tetracycline and 3H-collagen from bones of the microphthalmic mutants whereas there was a marked and continuous loss (67 and 51%, respectively) from bones of the normal littermates due to normal bone modeling. Blood/bone ratio was much lower in the mutants (42-70%) compared with the normals, suggesting that blood calcium is maintained by diet. These data provide direct evidence that basal bone resorption in growing microphthalmic mice was almost completely inhibited. PMID- 6616323 TI - Parathyroid hormone stimulates dentin and bone apposition in the thyroparathyroidectomized rat in a dose-dependent fashion. PMID- 6616324 TI - Parathyroid hormone concentration gradients across the human bone marrow. AB - Parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations were compared in blood drawn from the bone marrow and antecubital vein of patients undergoing marrow biopsy for suspected hematological neoplasia. Radioimmunological analysis revealed that the bone marrow blood had a higher PTH content than blood from the peripheral circulation. Thyroid hormone-binding globulin was not distributed asymmetrically, showing that the gradient is PTH specific. The intact PTH content of marrow blood was 65% greater than that in the venous system, whereas carboxyl regional PTH levels showed a 34% gradient in favor of the marrow. Although the majority of patients were found to have hematological malignancies, there was no discernible influence of tumor on the PTH gradients. The physiological implications and possible origins of the asymmetrical PTH distribution are discussed. PMID- 6616326 TI - Extraction of a substance with calcitonin-like immunoreactivity from pituitary glands of intact and thyroidectomized rats. AB - We have previously demonstrated the presence of calcitonin (CT)-like immunoreactivity in the pituitary glands of a number of vertebrate species. Subsequent work by ourselves and others has confirmed this finding by immunohistology and radioimmunoassay (RIA) of pituitary extracts. However, no data have been reported on the site of biosynthesis of the CT-like pituitary peptide, or the relationship of pituitary levels of the substance to experimental alterations of systemic CT levels. In the present study, we measured the content of CT-like peptide in rat pituitaries by using gel filtration chromatography and an RIA, which recognizes rat and human calcitonin. The CT-like peptide has an elution position on gel filtration similar to that of rat and human calcitonin. Its RIA binding appears indistinguishable from that of rat thyroidal CT. Various conditions for extraction were evaluated, and homogenization in acetic acid at 100 degrees C gave the best results. The CT-like content of rat pituitaries was generally 75-125 pg/gland. Presence of CT-like peptide in rat pituitaries was not abolished by prior thyroidectomy. We conclude that the CT-like pituitary peptide is not synthesized in the thyroid, but is similar to thyroidal CT in the characteristics studied. PMID- 6616327 TI - Fifth annual scientific meeting of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. Abstracts. June 5-7, 1983, San Antonio, Texas. PMID- 6616325 TI - Influence of estrogen and progesterone on matrix-induced endochondral bone formation. AB - The influence of estradiol and progesterone, alone or in combination, on the discrete phases of matrix-induced endochondral bone formation was investigated. Administration of estradiol and progesterone in combination increased mesenchymal cell proliferation, as indicated by [3H] thymidine incorporation into acid precipitable material. However, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity was significantly suppressed by the combination of estradiol and progesterone. Also, this treatment did not influence the 35SO4 incorporation into proteoglycans on day 7. Mineralization of newly induced bone was quantitated by alkaline phosphatase, 45Ca incorporation into bone mineral and calcium content, and was found to be significantly increased by progesterone alone and in combination with estradiol in both matrix-induced plaques and tibial metaphysis. These results demonstrated the stimulatory role of progesterone in combination with estradiol in bone formation and mineralization. PMID- 6616328 TI - Comparison of infarct size produced by coronary artery occlusion in purebred beagle and mixed-breed dogs. AB - This investigation demonstrated a significant difference in infarct size following coronary artery occlusion between purebred beagles and mixed-breed dogs. Myocardial infarctions were produced by a two-stage ligation of the left anterior descending artery (LAD). Myocardial infarct size, expressed as percent of left ventricular mass, was determined at 24 h by nitro blue tetrazolium staining. Infarct size was significantly smaller (12.5 +/- 3.4%) and more variable (coefficient of variation 72%) in beagles than in mixed-breed animals (28.0 +/- 2.4% infarct size, 23% coefficient of variation) (p less than 0.001). Ectopic activity at 24 h was similar for both beagles and mixed breed, 92 +/- 7 and 92 +/- 2% of total heart rate, respectively. Thus this study indicates that the breed of dog (i.e., purebred beagles versus mixed-breed animals) can be an important variable in the study of infarct size resulting from coronary artery occlusion. PMID- 6616329 TI - Postreceptorial refractoriness of prolactin release mechanisms. AB - While a first injection of the antidopaminergic benzamide drug, sulpiride, induced a large rise in plasma prolactin (PRL) levels in chronically cannulated adult male rats, a second injection given 2 h later was totally inactive although the pituitary content of the hormone was still 76% of the initial value. When the second injection was given 8 h after the first it was slightly effective, but when administered 24 h later it was as effective as the first. The second of two consecutive injections of haloperidol given at 2-h intervals, or an injection of morphine given 2 h after sulpiride, were incapable of inducing a release of PRL. Two hours after an injection of sulpiride, a 30-min period of immobilization stress induced a significant rise in plasma PRL levels. A significant rise in plasma PRL levels was also observed when larger doses of sulpiride were given 2 h after a first injection of the drug. Apomorphine was at least as effective an inhibitor of PRL secretion when given 2 h after sulpiride than when injected after saline. In vitro studies of dopaminergic binding sites revealed the presence, in pituitary glands of sulpiride-treated rats, of receptors not modified by the drug. These data suggest that the only plausible explanation for the ineffectiveness of the second of two consecutive injections of sulpiride is the development of a state of refractoriness of the mechanisms that subserve the release of PRL induced by suppression of the inhibitory dopaminergic tonus. PMID- 6616330 TI - Mode of action of ergonovine on isolated porcine coronary artery: the role of Ca2+. AB - Coronary vasoconstrictor responses to ergonovine were examined in helical coronary arterial strips of young swine. Both ergonovine and serotonin (5 hydroxytryptamine) produced dose-dependent contractions of the strips. The distal region (less than 1.00 mm outer diameter) of the circumflex coronary artery was most sensitive to the responses of serotonin and ergonovine. Methysergide and nifedipine significantly depressed the contractions induced by ergonovine and serotonin. Atropine, propranolol, and the alpha 1 blocker, prazosin, did not antagonize ergonovine-induced contractions. The ergonovine response may depend entirely upon extracellular Ca2+ while the effect of serotonin may be mediated in part through the mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ stores. Increases in 45Ca2+ cellular contents occurred after ergonovine or serotonin and these increases were blocked by methysergide or nifedipine at concentrations which blocked mechanical responses to the agonist. It is concluded that the contractions of the porcine coronary artery produced by ergonovine and serotonin are as follows: (i) regionally sensitive; (ii) blocked by Ca2+ antagonists and therefore may utilize Ca2+ channels similar to those described in other excitable tissues; (iii) blocked by methysergide. These studies indicate that the major mechanism of ergonovine's action in the porcine coronary artery is through the activation of serotonin receptors on coronary arteries which are, in turn, linked to Ca2+ channels. However, this mechanism of action may be different in an intact animal. PMID- 6616331 TI - Studies of the mechanism of passive anaphylaxis in human airway smooth muscle. AB - This investigation was carried out to study allergic contraction of passively sensitized human airway smooth muscle in response to specific antigen challenge. We attempted to determine the role played by histamine, slow reaction substances (SRSs), and cyclooxygenase products in the mediation of this response in tracheal smooth muscle. Tissues were passively sensitized with serum from ragweed sensitive patients (15 h, 4 degrees C). Subsequent challenge with ragweed antigen produced a slowly developing contraction. The peak contraction to a dose producing a maximal response was 37 +/- 6% of the carbachol maximum. Mepyramine (5 X 10(-6) M) did not alter the contraction. Methylprednisolone (2 X 10(-5) M) attenuated the response to antigen but had no significant effect on the contractile response to arachidonic acid. Indomethacin (5.6-28 X 10(-6) M) enhanced the peak antigen-induced contractions by 25 +/- 11% whereas 5,8,11,14 eicosatetraynoic acid (6.4 X 10(-5) M) selectively attenuated the antigen-induced contraction by 86 +/- 12%. Nordihydroguarietic acid (6-12 X 10(-6) M) attenuated both the antigen plus arachidonate induced responses. FPL-55712 (1-2 X 10(-6) M) antagonized the contractions to antigen. Compound 48/80 and goat antihuman immunoglobulin E produced similar slowly developing contractions in sensitized and in some nonsensitized tissues. These responses, except for an early component of the response to 48/80, were independent of histamine and were reversed by FPL 55712. These findings suggest that arachidonic acid metabolites mediate (slow reacting substances) and modulate (prostaglandins) allergic contraction of human airway smooth muscle while any histamine released contributes little or nothing to the contraction in the larger airways. PMID- 6616332 TI - Hypobaric hypoxia does not affect lung fluid or protein exchange in awake adult sheep at rest. AB - We measured pulmonary artery (Ppa) and left atrial (Pla) pressures, lung lymph flow, and lymph/plasma protein concentrations in four adult sheep at a barometric pressure of 380 Torr (1 Torr = 133.322 Pa) for 22 h. Hypobaric hypoxia caused an immediate increase in Ppa from 20 to 39 Torr. There was no significant change in Pla, lymph flow, or lymph protein concentrations. We conclude that hypobaric hypoxia does not affect lung fluid or protein exchange in awake adult sheep at rest. PMID- 6616333 TI - Modulation of ovine myometrial activity by estradiol-17 beta. The possible involvement of prostaglandins. PMID- 6616335 TI - Transfer of habituation between stimulation sites of the siphon withdrawal reflex in Aplysia californica. AB - Habituation of the siphon withdrawal reflex (SWR) can be evoked by iterative tactile stimuli presented to one of several sites, including the siphon and gill. The SWR evoked at an arbitrary "test" site did not habituate when stimuli were presented at 20-min intervals. However, there was a large decrease in the reflex evoked at the test site when the trial was preceded by 10 repetitive stimuli (interstimuli interval = 30 s) presented to the opposite "habituation" site. Transfer of habituation occurred from gill to siphon stimulation sites, and vice versa. There was a concomitant decrease in the excitatory input evoked in the central siphon motor neurons LDS1 and LDS3. Moreover, transfer of habituation occurred after the abdominal ganglion (central nervous system) was removed. There was little change in the magnitude of the control responses or transfer of habituation after deganglionation. Since transfer of habituation between stimulation sites of the SWR was similar to that reported previously for the gill withdrawal reflex, it was suggested that a common mechanism may underlie the two behaviors. PMID- 6616334 TI - The gill withdrawal reflex is suppressed in sexually active Aplysia. AB - In Aplysia, the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system interact and form an integrated system that mediates adaptive gill withdrawal reflex behaviours evoked by tactile stimulation of the siphon. The central nervous system (CNS) exerts suppressive and facilitatory control over the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in the mediation of these behaviours. We found that the CNS's suppressive control over the PNS was increased significantly in animals engaged in sexual activity as either a male or female. In control animals, the evoked gill withdrawal reflex met a minimal response amplitude criterion, while in sexually active animals the reflex did not meet this criterion. At the neuronal level, the increased CNS suppressive control was manifested as a decrease in excitatory input to the central gill motor neurons. PMID- 6616336 TI - Interaction of histamine with noradrenergic constrictory mechanisms in cat cerebral arteries and veins. AB - We examined responses of pial arteries and veins in situ to noradrenergic stimuli in the presence of histamine. Electrical stimulation of sympathetic nerves and perivascular microapplication of norepinephrine in mock cerebrospinal fluid produced constriction of arteries and veins in anesthetized cats. During simultaneous perivascular injection of histamine, these noradrenergic responses were attenuated or reversed. In both arteries and veins, constriction from sympathetic nerve stimulation was prevented by simultaneous application of the histamine receptor agonists, pyridylethylamine (H1) or impromidine (H2), results that suggest interference involving both types of histamine receptors. In arteries, impromidine, but not pyridylethylamine, inhibited constriction resulting from exogenous norepinephrine. Our findings indicate that histamine may have an inhibitory influence, exerted through both receptor types, on noradrenergic mechanisms in cerebral vessels. PMID- 6616337 TI - Dissociation of the contributions of the prefrontal, motor, and parietal cortex to the control of movement in the rat: an experimental review. PMID- 6616338 TI - On the recognition of words with inverted letters. PMID- 6616339 TI - Cognitive resource demands of reading normal and transformed typography. PMID- 6616341 TI - The influence of different processing strategies on the recognition of transformed and untransformed faces. PMID- 6616340 TI - "Pessimistic noise effects": the perception of reaction times in noise. PMID- 6616342 TI - Developmental changes across childhood in the perception of non-native speech sounds. PMID- 6616343 TI - Distances and directions in the cognitive maps of the blind. PMID- 6616344 TI - Suedohomofoan effects in visual word recognition: evidence for phonological processing. PMID- 6616345 TI - Phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphorylation of alpha-methylglucoside in Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10556. AB - Spontaneous mutants defective in some undefined membrane components of the phosphoenolpyruvate:glucose phosphotransferase system were isolated by plating cells of Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10556 onto an agar containing lactose and 10 mM 2-deoxyglucose. Toluenized cells of these mutants were defective in their ability to catalyse the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphorylation of 2 deoxyglucose but were still able to phosphorylate alpha-methylglucoside. The phosphorylation of alpha-methylglucoside was essentially dependent on phosphoenolpyruvate and required the presence of both soluble and membrane components. It was concluded that S. sanguis possessed two different phosphoenolpyruvate:glucose phosphotransferase systems. PMID- 6616346 TI - Acute spinal cord injury in the rat: comparison of three experimental techniques. AB - Three techniques to produce experimental spinal cord injuries in the rat are compared; 1) the weight dropping method, 2) the aneurysm clip compression method and 3) the extradural balloon compression method. In principle, different forces were used in technique one, while a constant force for different durations is maintained in techniques two and three. The relationship between these different types of injuries and subsequent clinical recovery was assessed quantitatively by the inclined plane method of Rivlin and Tator. The weight dropping technique was found unreliable for experimental spinal cord injury in the rat while the aneurysm clip compression technique resulted in consistent cord injuries with respect to subsequent clinical recovery. The extradural balloon compression method invariably resulted in complete recovery after three and five minutes but no recovery after seven minutes of 0.1 cc air inflated balloon compression of the cord indicating a steep dose--response curve. However, using a 0.2 cc air inflated balloon, no recovery was noted after one minute compression. The major factor in the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury produced by the weight dropping technique is believed to be mechanical, while both mechanical and vascular factors seem to operate in the clip and balloon compression techniques. PMID- 6616347 TI - Mitochondrial myopathy of cerebro-hepato-renal (Zellweger) syndrome. AB - The muscles of four infants with cerebro-hepato-renal (Zellweger) syndrome were studied during life and/or at necropsy. A mitochondrial myopathy was demonstrated, similar to mitochondrial alterations demonstrated in liver and brain in this disease. Muscle fibers with red-staining subsarcolemmal aggregates were identified with Gomori trichrome stain in two cases. Subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar zones of increased concentrations of NADH-TR, SDH, and cytochrome-c-oxidase activity were demonstrated histochemically in all four cases. Degenerative and cytoarchitectural changes in muscle fibers were not found. Ultrastructural studies showed large aggregates of mitochondria and increased lipid in the subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar spaces. Degenerative changes in mitochondria and lipid also were demonstrated, but paracrystalline inclusions were not seen. The distribution of these changes was not uniform between patients or between different muscles in the same patient. The diaphragm was affected more severely than proximal or distal muscles of the extremities. Direct involvement of muscle mitochondria in this disease may interfere with energy metabolism and contribute to the clinical findings of hypotonia, weakness, and respiratory insufficiency. The muscle biopsy with histochemistry and electron microscopy may be used as a diagnostic adjunct in suspected cases, but the variation encountered dictates dictates caution in the interpretation of negative findings. PMID- 6616349 TI - Intradural rupture of lumbar intervertebral disc. AB - Two cases of intradural disc rupture with cauda equina compression are reported. Myelography demonstrated complete block and at surgery intradural fragments of sequestrated disc material were found. The pathogenesis of this condition is reviewed and our recommendation for management is presented. PMID- 6616348 TI - Delayed auditory tone perception in multiple sclerosis. AB - Delays of auditory perception at three frequencies were measured in 30 multiple sclerosis patients using a psychophysical technique. Nineteen patients had abnormal delays at one or more tone frequencies, though 15 had normal audiograms at those frequencies. In addition, auditory acuity for left-right asynchrony was abnormally poor in 13 patients, 9 of whom had normal audiograms. Such delays of auditory perception within a restricted frequency band may provide a partial explanation for degraded speech comprehension in some multiple sclerosis patients. PMID- 6616350 TI - EEG abnormalities and convulsions in juvenile diabetes mellitus. AB - The clinical and EEG findings were reviewed for 270 juvenile children from the Montreal Children's Hospital Diabetic Clinic in an attempt to correlate the EEG findings at the onset of diabetes mellitus with the future risk of having a convulsion with a hypoglycemic reaction. Compared to a non-diabetic control population, the number of epileptiform EEG abnormalities was significantly increased in the initial EEG of diabetic patients who later had a hypoglycemic convulsion. The initial epileptiform EEG did not help to differentiate those diabetics with recurrent hypoglycemic induced convulsions from diabetics who would have only a single convulsion. PMID- 6616351 TI - Paraneoplastic subacute necrotic myelopathy. AB - A 79 year old male acutely developed a Brown-Sequard syndrome two weeks following resection of renal cell carcinoma. The subsequent clinical course was marked by subacute progression of spinal cord signs. Pathologic studies showed extensive multifocal spinal cord necrosis that could not be attributed to vascular occlusion or to vasculitis. This case appears to be a rare example of paraneoplastic subacute necrotic myelopathy. PMID- 6616352 TI - New knees for old. PMID- 6616353 TI - Lung cancer and peripheral vascular disease. PMID- 6616355 TI - Shoulder reconstruction: evaluation de l'hemi-arthroplastie de Neer. PMID- 6616354 TI - Alive or dead? The eye of the beholder. PMID- 6616356 TI - Prevention and treatment of deep infection following total hip replacement. AB - Three different methods of prophylaxis in total hip replacement are discussed and evaluated: the systemic use of antibiotics, use of gentamicin-containing bone cement and the ultraclean technique. The lowest incidence of deep infection is achieved with a combination of the clean room and antibiotics either in local or systemic form. The results after revision using gentamicin-impregnated bone cement show that a healing rate of 80% is possible; however, there is a high risk of aseptic loosening during the postoperative course. PMID- 6616357 TI - Replacement arthroplasty of the knee joint: trends and treatment after failure. AB - Knee joint replacement has progressed considerably in the past 15 years, although the difficulties are greater than those of hip replacement. At first, only the constrained hinge joint and a limited variety of unconstrained joints were available. Severe deformities of diseased knees and ligamentous insufficiency forced great changes to be made in unconstrained prostheses to ensure greater stability and motion and less wear and loosening. Further changes have also been made in constrained hinge joints; this has resulted in a great proliferation of prostheses of all types. Fully constrained prostheses now have restricted indications. Poor results are greatest with the fully constrained hinge group (36%) and lowest with the semiconstrained group (13%). The unconstrained prosthesis gives results intermediate between the others. Infection rate is highest in constrained and lowest in unconstrained prostheses. The loosening rate is lowest in the semiconstrained and unconstrained types. PMID- 6616358 TI - General surgical principles in rheumatoid arthritis: priorities. AB - The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis depends on a team effort, and the medical team should be led by a rheumatologist. The condition is systemic and the treatment is conservative. Surgery is but an episode in the overall treatment. There should be a therapeutic plan with priorities determined by progression from general to specific considerations. To illustrate general principles the author likens rheumatoid arthritis to a house on fire. Specific problems in treating rheumatoid arthritis are the uncertain prognosis in individual cases and the time taken to establish the progressive nature of the changes or the degree of subjective difficulty that may force surgical measures. Patient motivation is important. This is determined by internal and external forces--personality, social, family and financial factors. The patient's goals and desires must be considered in the light of the possibilities and complications of operation as well as the prognosis when operation is not performed. PMID- 6616359 TI - Management of blunt injury to the lower urinary tract. AB - Rupture of the bladder and of the urethra are serious injuries, which, if not recognized or treated adequately, can cause considerable morbidity, even death. The possibility of such injuries should be considered in patients who have lower abdominal trauma, especially in association with a fractured pelvis. Retrograde urethrography should be done when urethral injury is likely. A properly performed cystogram is reliable in diagnosing bladder rupture, which, with the possible exception of small extraperitoneal tears, should be treated by surgical exploration. Treatment of urethral injury remains controversial and the choice of primary repair or primary suprapubic cystostomy will depend on the philosophy and experience of the surgeon. Posterior urethral injury is associated with a high rate of stricture, incontinence and impotence. Suprapubic cystostomy and delayed treatment of any resulting stricture yields excellent long-term results and should be the treatment of choice when the patient is seriously ill or the surgeon inexperienced in urethral surgery. PMID- 6616360 TI - Carcinoma of the penis: an 11-year review. AB - Management of primary carcinoma of the penis in 37 men by local excision or radiotherapy was associated with a high risk of recurrence. The authors in this review recommend partial penectomy as the minimum surgical procedure for the primary lesion. Clinical assessment of the inguinal lymph nodes was often inaccurate and the value of early sentinel node biopsy is discussed. All patients who underwent ilioinguinal node dissection had complications and only one of six men with histologic stage III disease was cured. The overall 2-year survival rate was 51%. PMID- 6616361 TI - Urethrotomy under direct vision: the primary treatment for urethral stricture. AB - Urethrotomy by direct visualization is highly successful in managing urethral strictures. The authors treated 55 patients by this method between 1978 and 1982. Thirty-four had undergone multiple dilatations previously and their unanimous agreement that visual urethrotomy was less painful and accompanied by fewer complications prompted the authors to use the latter method as the primary treatment in 21 patients, on an outpatient basis. The success rate in these 55 patients was 75%. The failure rate was 7%. The remainder were improved but had recurrent strictures, though less frequently than before visual urethrotomy. Because the procedure can be done on an outpatient basis, with a high success rate and minimal morbidity, the authors conclude that urethrotomy under direct vision should be the standard primary procedure for managing all urethral strictures. PMID- 6616362 TI - Walter C. Mackenzie Research Day. Abstracts. PMID- 6616363 TI - Incarceration of gastric fundus in a paraesophageal hernia after gastroplasty. AB - A tension hydropneumothorax developed suddenly in a 33-year-old woman, 5 days after gastroplasty. The cause was not immediately apparent. Radiologic investigation demonstrated incarceration of the fundus of the stomach together with the stapled pouch in a paraesophageal hernia. Abdominal exploration revealed a blow-out in the wall of the incarcerated fundus. After appropriate repair and management, the patient's course was uncomplicated. This case highlights the need for repairing paraesophageal hernias as soon as they are discovered, particularly during operations that require mobilization of the esophagus and cardia, as in gastroplasty. PMID- 6616364 TI - Surgery as an alternative to chemotherapy for hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. AB - The mean survival for patients with untreated hepatic metastases from primary colorectal carcinoma has been reported to range from 4 to 9 months. The authors describe seven patients with liver metastases following curative resection. They had partial hepatectomy as treatment for metastatic disease confined to the liver. Survival from the time of partial hepatectomy to April 1983 for the five patients who died with progressive disease was 20, 32, 39, 40 and 44 months and was 45 and 61 months for the two patients still alive and disease-free. All seven patients treated surgically survived longer than they would have if they had received treatment for symptoms, with or without chemotherapy for hepatic metastases. The increased duration of survival suggests that partial hepatectomy, in appropriately selected patients, is a worthwhile alternative to chemotherapy. PMID- 6616365 TI - Salvage of thrombosed polytetrafluoroethylene dialysis fistulas by interposition grafting. AB - Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts are widely used for access in dialysis when a direct radiocephalic fistula is not possible. These grafts frequently fail as a result of thrombosis that follows the development of stenosis at the venous anastomosis. Since 1976, the author and his colleagues have had experience with eight patients who presented with acute occlusion of expanded PTFE fistulas. All were treated by immediate thrombectomy and interposition grafting to bypass the venous stenosis. Patency was satisfactory in most cases with follow-up of 1 to 17 months. The advantages of this operation over patch angioplasty at the site of the stenosed venous anastomosis are that it is technically easier and does not require visualization of the venous anastomosis or exact knowledge of the location of the stenosis. PMID- 6616366 TI - Femorofemoral bypass for temporary cardiac support in heart surgery. AB - Temporary femorofemoral bypass, combined with intra-aortic balloon pump counterpulsation, was used as a final resort to salvage the life of patients with extremely low cardiac output at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass and in patients who had cardiac arrest perioperatively who were unresponsive to conventional methods of resuscitation. Eight of 15 patients survived initially, 7 of them left hospital and remain well. These data are comparable to results obtained with the newly developed, but not readily available, left ventricular assist devices. The combination of femorofemoral bypass and intra-aortic balloon pump counterpulsation represents an important practical alternative as it can be used successfully for temporary cardiac support in critical situations, is potentially life-saving and is readily available at any cardiac centre at minimal cost. PMID- 6616367 TI - [Evaluation of Neer's hemi-arthroplasty in the treatment of humeral fractures]. AB - Eighteen patients with fractures of the proximal humerus with at least four fragments, with or without dislocation (group IV, V and VI of Neer's classification), were treated by hemiprosthetic replacement. The average age was 59 years. The follow-up was from 1 to 7 years. Patients were assessed on two occasions by two evaluators using Neer's protocol. The glenohumeral and the scapulothoracic movements, using the other shoulder as control, were measured radiologically at 0 degrees, 45 degrees and maximal abduction. Pain, function and range of motion were recorded. No complication was encountered. By radiologic assessment, it was possible to classify results in three groups. In all of the unsatisfactory results, the centre of motion of the prosthesis was displaced proximally. Satisfactory and excellent results were obtained in 66%. The best results are obtained if patients are operated on early; repair of the rotator cuff is important. The centre of rotation of the prosthesis must be in precise biomechanical relation to the glenoid fossa; such a relation is of prognostic value. PMID- 6616368 TI - Lung cancer and peripheral vascular surgery. AB - Lung cancer, a disease of epidemic proportions, is to some extent preventable. Elimination of smoking would certainly reduce its incidence. Conventional therapy has not produced any major advance in this field, the 5-year survival of all patients with lung cancer still being very low. The disease is best managed when detected at an early stage, but on the basis of a study carried out at the Mayo Clinic, screening of the general population cannot be advocated. A few high-risk groups of patients have been identified, such as those treated surgically for laryngeal or pharyngeal tumours and those previously operated on for lung carcinoma. The authors have identified another category of high-risk patients, those who must undergo peripheral vascular surgery. Of 676 patients operated upon for peripheral vascular disease, lung cancer was found in 3.25%. The distinction is made between those whose lung cancer was detected at the time of vascular surgery (synchronous) and those whose cancer was found later (metachronous). Every patient scheduled to undergo surgery for peripheral vascular disease should be screened by chest roentgenography and cytologic examination of the sputum. These patients should be followed up closely in the postoperative period. PMID- 6616369 TI - The pharmaceutical industry: a prescription. PMID- 6616370 TI - A cornucopia of words. PMID- 6616371 TI - ASA and Reye's syndrome: an update. PMID- 6616372 TI - Treatment of Jehovah's Witnesses. PMID- 6616373 TI - Drug-facilitated heat stroke. PMID- 6616374 TI - Rubella immunization. PMID- 6616375 TI - Trial of electronic diaphanography for detecting breast cancer. PMID- 6616376 TI - HLA typing in Canada: production and free distribution of tissue-typing trays. PMID- 6616377 TI - Adolescent nutrition: 5. Pregnancy and diet. PMID- 6616378 TI - Adolescent nutrition: 6. Fast foods, food fads and the educational challenge. PMID- 6616380 TI - Interpretation of diagnostic data: 3. How to do it with a simple table (part B). AB - The following guidelines are useful if you want to "do it with a simple table" (Table IV): First, identify the sensitivity and specificity of the sign, symptom or diagnostic test you plan to use. Many are already in the literature, and subspecialists should either know them for their field or be able to track them down for you. Depending on whether you are considering a sign, a symptom or a diagnostic laboratory test, you will want to track down a clinical subspecialist, a radiologist, a pathologist and so on. Start your table with a total of 1000 patients, as shown in location (a + b + c + d) of panel A. Using the information you have about the patient before you apply the diagnostic test, estimate the patient's pretest likelihood (prevalence or prior probability) of the target disorder -- let's say 10%. Take this proportion of the total (100) and place it in location (a + c); the remaining 900 patients go in location (b + d) (panel B). Multiply (a + c) (100) by the sensitivity of the diagnostic test (let's say 83%) and place the result (83) in cell a and the difference (17) in cell c; similarly, multiply (b + d) (900) by the specificity of the diagnostic test (let's say 91%) and place the result (819) in cell d and the difference (81) in cell b (panel C). If (a + b) and (c + d) do not add up to 1000, you will know you have made a mistake. You can now calculate the positive predictive value, a/(a + b), and the negative predictive value, d/(c + d), as shown in panel D. You have now reached a level of understanding a fair bit beyond the rule-in/rule-out strategy discussed in part 1 of our series. Furthermore, you can already do more than most clinicians, so you may want to stop here, at least for a while. On the other hand, you may want to go further and learn how to handle slightly more complex tables with multiple cut-off points. In the next article you will find more powerful ways to take advantage of the degree of positivity and negativity of diagnostic test results. PMID- 6616379 TI - Vaginal mechanical contraceptive devices. AB - The alleged adverse effects of oral contraceptives and intrauterine devices have led to increased consumer and physician demand for vaginal contraceptive devices. The efficacy and the advantages and disadvantages of vaginal sponges, cervical caps and diaphragms are discussed and compared in this article. PMID- 6616381 TI - A survey of Canadian rheumatology training programs, 1968 to 1978. AB - The committee on manpower of the Canadian Rheumatism Association retrospectively surveyed Canadian rheumatology training programs for the period 1968 to 1978. There were 133 trainees during that period, who accounted for a total of 201 trainee-years. Most trainee-years were taken up by first-year trainees, especially in the first half of the decade under study. Although three training centres accounted for two thirds of all the trainee-years, there was a progressive increase in the proportion of trainees attending other centres. The majority of trainees were Canadian medical graduates. More than one third of the alumni of these programs held full-time academic positions, and more than three quarters had some academic affiliation. One third were spending at least half of their professional time in teaching and research, but only 71 were spending half or more of their practice time in rheumatology in Canada. The remainder had established residence abroad or were spending at least half of their practice time in areas other than rheumatology. The rapid expansion of Canadian training programs has not been paralleled by a proportionate increase in rheumatologic manpower in Canada. PMID- 6616382 TI - Errors in computing drug doses. AB - The 85 members of the pediatric and neonatal divisions of a medical centre were tested for their ability to calculate the appropriate volumes of drugs commonly administered to pediatric patients. Of a total of 680 computations 43 (6.3%) were wrong. Half the errors would have led to either a 10-fold overdose or a dose a 10th of that prescribed. Significantly more of the errors (p less than 0.01) were made by the nurses in the neonatal division (11.5%) than by those in the pediatric division (3.4%). A deficiency in the in-service training of the nurses in the neonatal division appeared to contribute to the higher proportion of errors in this group. There was also a trend towards a greater chance of error as the length of professional experience increased. All medical personnel involved in the ordering and administration of drugs should be taught computing skills and be evaluated routinely. PMID- 6616384 TI - John Templeton speaks about investing. PMID- 6616385 TI - Socialized medicine in Sweden: a tragedy? PMID- 6616383 TI - Blastomycosis: a new endemic focus in Canada. AB - A survey of the 38 patients resident in Ontario from whose sputum, body fluids or tissues Blastomyces dermatitidis was cultured by our laboratory between 1970 and 1981 revealed a new endemic focus to the north and east of Lake Superior, where 20 of 27 traceable patients lived. Direct microscopy revealed B. dermatitidis in 90% of the cases. A lack of clinical awareness, however, had often resulted in a delay (average 15 weeks) in diagnosis. In two cases the disease was identified only at autopsy. About 80% of the patients survived. PMID- 6616386 TI - [Teaching rounds]. PMID- 6616387 TI - When is a patient's use of primary care services unwarranted? Some answers from physicians. AB - To explore physicians' perceptions of what constitutes unwarranted use of their services, examples of patient-initiated encounters considered unwarranted were contributed by physicians and categorized as requests for unnecessary services, inappropriately timed encounters or inconsiderate requests. A random sample of family and general practitioners in Ontario was surveyed with a questionnaire derived from these examples. Although there was no unanimity, examples of missed appointments, requests for further, unnecessary investigations, consultations or admissions to hospital, duplication of services, visits prompted by a desire to obtain free samples of over-the-counter drugs, some out-of-hours calls, and visits of healthy workers to obtain notes regarding fitness for work were seen as unwarranted by 70% or more of the respondents. PMID- 6616388 TI - Skin testing for allergy in children. AB - In diagnostic testing for IgE-mediated allergy in children the skin-prick test is preferred because it is safer, less painful and more specific than the intracutaneous test, and cheaper and more sensitive than the radioallergosorbent test (RAST). The intracutaneous test and RAST are useful in certain circumstances, however. While a positive result from any of these tests indicates hypersensitivity, it does not necessarily mean that the allergen giving the positive result is responsible for the patient's symptoms. That can only be decided by interpreting the result in light of the allergy history. This paper outlines the indications for the prick test, the allergens that may be employed, the method of doing the test, and its place among the other tests that are used in a modern pediatric allergy practice. PMID- 6616389 TI - Interpretation of diagnostic data: 4. How to do it with a more complex table. AB - A more complex table is especially useful when a diagnostic test produces a wide range of results and your patient's levels are near one of the extremes. The following guidelines will be useful: Identify the several cut-off points that could be used. Fill in a complex table along the lines of Table I, showing the numbers of patients at each level who have and do not have the target disorder. Generate a simple table for each cut-off point, as in Table II, and determine the sensitivity (TP rate) and specificity (TN rate) at each of them. Select the cut off point that makes the most sense for your patient's test result and proceed as in parts 2 and 3 of our series. Alternatively, construct an ROC curve by plotting the TP and FP rates that attend each cut-off point. If you keep your tables and ROC curves close at hand, you will gradually accumulate a set of very useful guides. However, if you looked very hard at what was happening, you will probably have noticed that they are not very useful for patients whose test results fall in the middle zones, or for those with just one positive result of two tests; the post-test likelihood of disease in these patients lurches back and forth past 50%, depending on where the cut-off point is. We will show you how to tackle this problem in part 5 of our series. It involves some maths, but you will find that its very powerful clinical application can be achieved with a simple nomogram or with some simple calculations. PMID- 6616390 TI - Statistical assessment of two methods of measuring scoliosis before treatment. AB - Regression analysis has shown that the Ferguson and Cobb methods of measuring spinal curvature give comparable results, at least before the scoliosis is treated. When the Cobb angle was calculated by multiplying the Ferguson angle by 1.38, the results were accurate to within 5 degrees in 28 (76%) of 37 cases. Any further debate over the merits of the two methods should focus on their inter- and intraobserver reproducibility and their applicability after corrective treatment. PMID- 6616391 TI - Overwhelming pneumococcal infection in a hyposplenic adult. AB - In a woman with an atrophic, apparently nonfunctioning spleen pneumococcal septicemia led to death within 72 hours of admission. As in five previously described adults, the patient's presentation and subsequent clinical course were identical to those of the syndrome of overwhelming postsplenectomy infection, except that there was no history of splenectomy. Patients without spleens may be given penicillin prophylaxis for an indefinite period, vaccinated against pneumococci or both. PMID- 6616393 TI - BC physician backed by solicitor general in doukhobor force-feeding. PMID- 6616392 TI - Ibuprofen: a severe systemic reaction. AB - Although minor and unpleasant side effects have been reported in patients taking ibuprofen, the drug is generally regarded as a safe nonsteroidal anti inflammatory agent. A case is reported of a previously healthy woman who experienced a severe reaction to the drug on two separate occasions. PMID- 6616394 TI - Medicine behind bars: treatment or torture? PMID- 6616395 TI - Nutrition: when will science replace myth? PMID- 6616396 TI - Dealing with the video display terminal. PMID- 6616397 TI - Estimating the health care costs of smokers. PMID- 6616398 TI - Morbidity in Canadian Indian and non-Indian children in the second year. PMID- 6616399 TI - Campylobacter enteritis: incidence in central New Brunswick, Canada. PMID- 6616400 TI - The thirty-item screening scale: a survey measurement of low-level disability. PMID- 6616402 TI - Early pregnancy classes as a vehicle for lifestyle education and modification. PMID- 6616401 TI - The public health nurses' school caseload: can we measure outcomes? One agency's experience. PMID- 6616403 TI - Late relapse from complete remission in nodular and diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. AB - Twelve patients with unfavorable prognosis lymphomas (diffuse histiocytic lymphoma, 11; nodular histiocytic lymphoma, 1) treated predominantly with radiation therapy, are described in whom relapse of disease occurred late (greater than 2.5 years, 2.8-26 years; median, 6.25 years) after achieving a complete remission. Although relapse probably represented regrowth of clinically quiescent tumor, it is also possible that these were second malignancies, perhaps occurring in a predisposed host. Continued long-term analysis of clinical trials is important to document this uncommon occurrence. PMID- 6616404 TI - Predictability of response to clinical thermochemotherapy by the clonogenic assay. AB - In order to assess the value of the clonogenic assay for predicting clinical response to dimethyl-triazeno-imidazole-carboxamide (DTIC) plus hyperthermia (42 degrees C), the responses of patients with measurable disease, who received combined therapy, were compared with assay results. The clonogenic assay was used independently to determine in vitro sensitivities of 53 melanomas to DTIC, with and without hyperthermia. Separate cell suspensions were incubated for 1 hour with DTIC at 37 degrees C and at 42 degrees C. In vitro sensitivity was determined by inhibition of colony formation in a double-layer agar system. Three of the 53 (6%) melanomas were sensitive to DTIC at 37 degrees C, 13 of the 53 (25%) were sensitive to 42 degrees C hyperthermia alone, and 22 of the 53 (42%) were sensitive to DTIC at 42 degrees C. Nine patients were treated with DTIC, plus hyperthermia, to the areas of their melanoma metastases (one pulmonary, four hepatic, and four subcutaneous). In five patients, the clonogenic assay results predicted positive tumor sensitivity to combined therapy, and 4 of the 5 had objective tumor regression. Tumors were resistant in vitro for four patients, and all had disease progression during treatment. Statistical analysis suggested that some responses were due to synergism of the combination of heat and drug, whereas others were due to an additive effect. The apparent direct correlation between in vitro tumor cell sensitivity to DTIC at 42 degrees C and actual clinical response to chemotherapy, plus hyperthermia, in this limited trial, has been encouraging. The clonogenic assay and in vitro evaluation of drug-heat interaction may prove helpful for selecting those patients in whom hyperthermia should be used as an adjunct to chemotherapy, and may help determine the most effective drug/heat scheduling. Further trials with other malignancies and other chemotherapeutic agents are warranted. PMID- 6616405 TI - Cloning efficiency. A possible prognostic indicator in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. AB - Seventy-three squamous cell carcinomas arising in the head and neck region were cultured using the soft agar clonogenic system. Thirty-six (49%) demonstrated clonal growth. The cloning efficiency was variable, ranging from 0.001% to 1.67% (median, 0.004%). Statistically significant correlations of high cloning efficiency with advanced local class, increased stage, and decreased survival were observed. There was no correlation between cloning efficiency and T-class or modified Jakobsson's histologic grade. A cloning efficiency of greater than or equal to 0.005% was associated with a high likelihood of death from disease or the development of recurrent disease. For head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, the cloning efficiency in soft agar appears to be a potentially useful prognostic indicator. PMID- 6616406 TI - Prognostic factors in patients with stage I, estrogen receptor-negative carcinoma of the breast. A clinicopathologic study. AB - In order to aid in the identification of a group of breast cancer patients at high risk of recurrence in whom the possible value of adjuvant chemotherapy might be most readily demonstrable, the authors reviewed the clinicopathologic features of 74 women with infiltrating, Stage I, estrogen receptor-negative breast carcinoma. They found significant correlations between short-term recurrence (within 2 years) and extensive necrosis (P less than 0.005), anaplastic tumor nuclear morphology (P less than 0.01), a positive family history of breast carcinoma (P less than 0.05), diffuse hyperplasia of axillary lymph nodes (P less than 0.05), and young age (P less than 0.05). Twenty percent of all patients experienced recurrence within 2 years, while recurrence was noted in 32% of patients with highly pleomorphic nuclei, 38% of those with extensive necrosis, and 45% of those with a positive family history. Recurrence was noted in 55% of the small number of patients with both anaplastic nuclear morphology and a positive family history. These apparent risk factors for early recurrence may be helpful in prospectively selecting patients most eligible to receive adjuvant chemotherapy. PMID- 6616407 TI - The postabsorptive hydroxyproline in the long-term evaluation of patients with breast cancer. AB - The postabsorptive urinary hydroxyproline excretion test (Spot-HYPRO) was evaluated for its usefulness in reflecting the presence or absence of bone metastasis in 75 women with breast cancer. A comparison was made between the Spot HYPRO values and bone disease, as documented by bone scanning supported by skeletal x-rays. Breast cancer patients with skeletal metastasis had 3-4-fold elevations in Spot-HYPRO above the control values (P less than 0.001). Mild elevations were noted in breast cancer patients without skeletal metastasis (P less than 0.025). Thirty patients received serial Spot-HYPRO and bone scans for 6 to 48 months (average, 24 months). There was a 90% correlation between changes in Spot-HYPRO and simultaneous changes on bone scan. Elevations in Spot-HYPRO preceded changes found on bone scan by an average of 3 months. The authors conclude that the Spot-HYPRO is a simple, convenient, and accurate method of documenting and following bone metastasis in patients with breast cancer. PMID- 6616408 TI - Elastosis and primary breast cancer. AB - One hundred sixty-five patients with primary operable breast cancer were followed for up to 60 months. Each patient had the amount of focal elastosis and the estrogen-receptor activity within the tumor determined, as well as the tumor size, axillary nodal palpability, and nodal involvement. The risks of recurrence and death were compared by constructing life tables and assessing differences in various subgroups. There was no demonstrated association between tumor elastosis and the patients' age, menstrual status, the palpability of axillary lymph nodes, or the pathological states of these nodes at mastectomy. A tendency for larger tumors to have less elastosis was noticed. A significant association between the grade of elastosis and the presence, or absence, of estrogen-receptor activity was seen. The degree of focal elastosis in the primary tumor, alone, was disappointing as a prognostic factor. A strong suggestion that estrogen-receptor activity is a better indicator of prognosis was present. PMID- 6616409 TI - Mixed mesodermal sarcoma of the ovary. Treatment with combination radiation therapy and chemotherapy. AB - Twenty patients with mixed mesodermal sarcoma of the ovary treated at the M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute in Houston, Texas are reviewed. This report focuses on 12 patients treated post-operatively with combination radiation therapy and chemotherapy with vincristine, dactinomycin, and cyclophosphamide (VAC). There were 4 patients achieving complete tumor control, including one who is alive without disease beyond 5 years and 3 who died of unrelated causes without disease at autopsy. One other patient had a significant disease-free interval of 18 months. Compared to previous reports, combination radiation and VAC chemotherapy appears effective in this disease. Due to the observed myelosuppression and gastrointestinal and neurologic toxicities, however, treatment modifications have been recommended. PMID- 6616410 TI - Clear cell sarcoma. A clinicopathologic study of 27 cases. AB - Clear cell sarcoma is an indolent tumor of uncertain histogenesis. Twenty-seven patients ranging in age from 9 to 57 years (average, 28.5 years) were followed an average of 7.0 years. Females outnumbered males by 2 to 1. Distal extremity locations predominated. At presentation, the tumor was localized in 21 patients, regionally metastatic in 5, and disseminated in 1. Surgery was the primary therapy for 26 patients. Adjuvant treatment was nonstandardized, and its effectiveness is undetermined. Local recurrence developed in 10 patients, regional metastases in 9, and widespread dissemination in 12. Twelve patients died of the disease from 7 months to 10 years after diagnosis. Only 11 patients remained free of disease. It would appear that wide excision, or perhaps even radical excision or amputation, is the surgical treatment of choice. PMID- 6616411 TI - Transient neurologic disturbances, brain tumors, and normal computed tomography scans. AB - During a 4-year period, four patients presented with transient disturbances in neurologic function that were diagnosed as seizures in two and transient ischemic attacks in the other two. Computed tomography (CT scan), both with and without contrast, was normal in all four patients. Isotopic brain scans (3 patients), cerebral angiograms (4 patients), and lumbar punctures (4 patients) were normal. Electroencephalograms (EEG) were normal in two patients and abnormal in two patients (consisting of focal slowing). Within 4.5 months, all patients developed symptoms and signs of a brain tumor, and in all four, CT scan now revealed a large mass lesion which at surgery was shown to be a malignant astrocytoma. These four patients constituted 4% of the total number of patients with malignant astrocytomas that were seen at the NYU Medical Center during this same time period. It is stressed that the CT scan may be normal early in the course of patients with brain tumors, particularly if they present with a transient disturbance in neurologic function. The first evidence of the tumor in such patients may be a slow-wave abnormality on the EEG. Patients who are suspected of having a brain tumor should, if the initial CT scan is normal, have the scan repeated later. PMID- 6616412 TI - Indications for elective groin dissection in clinical stage I patients with malignant melanoma of the lower extremity treated by hyperthermic regional perfusion. AB - From 1973 through 1979, inguinal node biopsy was performed to stage the disease process in 179 clinical Stage I patients with malignant melanoma of the lower extremity, who were all treated by hyperthermic regional perfusion as well. Of the 179 tumors, 12% were intermediate risk (0.75-1.44 mm) and 88% were high risk (greater than or equal to 1.5 mm); all had a Clark level of IV or V. The Rosenmuller node at the caudal margin of the saphenous hiatus was elected for inguinal node biopsy. This biopsy supplies a fair amount of information about the entire inguinal node region: a malignant node was found in 16 patients (9%); no other metastatic nodes were found in 11 (73%) of 15 subsequent therapeutic node dissections; the 16th had metastatic parailiac nodes as well. Two patients of the remaining 163 had only metastatic parailiac nodes, without metastatic inguinal nodes. Of the remaining 161 histologic Stage I patients, 23 (14%) developed inguinal node metastases in the course of the follow-up. In 17 (74%) these metastases occurred within 2 years of perfusion. Ten of the 23 showed simultaneous general metastases. The vast majority of the inguinal node metastases developed in patients with a tumor greater than or equal to 5 mm. The 5-year survival was 81%, i.e. 84% in females versus 69% in males, the difference being significant (P less than 0.01). A tumor thickness greater than or equal to 5 mm implied a significantly less favorable prognosis as to development of inguinal node metastases associated with general metastases than a tumor thickness less than 5 mm. The benefit of the inguinal node biopsy was related to the difference in 5-year survival between the group with inguinal node metastases at perfusion (69%) and the group who developed inguinal node metastases during the follow-up (24%). The difference was great (45%) but statistically not significant. The data seem to warrant the conclusion that, after perfusion therapy, inguinal node biopsy is sufficient to stage the disease process at a tumor thickness less than or equal to 5 mm. Given a tumor thickness less than or equal to 5 mm, elective groin dissection might improve the chance of survival. PMID- 6616413 TI - Toxoplasmosis. Problems in diagnosis and treatment. AB - Forty-two cases of Toxoplasma gondii infection were analyzed, 25 in patients with neoplastic disease and 17 in apparently normal patients. Infection in normal hosts was usually manifested by adenopathy and ran a benign course. Infection in patients with neoplastic diseases was usually manifested by fever and/or neurologic symptoms. Patients with leukemias and lymphomas, particularly Hodgkin's Disease, were at highest risk for infection. Most, but not all, patients developed serologic titers indicative of infection. T. gondii infections were fatal in all eight cases with central nervous system involvement despite treatment in five cases. Leukopenia was a significant complication of treatment with sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine despite the use of folinic acid. PMID- 6616414 TI - Psychosocial implications of adjuvant chemotherapy. A two-year follow-up. AB - Thirty-five women, who had received adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery for Stage II breast carcinoma, were interviewed approximately 21 months after treatment ended. Patients were asked to describe any continuing psychosocial effects of adjuvant chemotherapy in five life areas. All patients had responded to similar interviews 2 1/2 years earlier, while they were receiving chemotherapy. A comparison of first and second interview ratings for disease-free patients indicated that significant improvements in quality of life were reported in four of the five life areas. However, patients did report some continuing disruption in general activity level. Forty-four percent of the patients reported long-term disruption in at least one area, and 56% described continuing physical problems related to chemotherapy. When asked what they would suggest to help other patients adjust to receiving adjuvant chemotherapy, over 50% of the respondents recommended "staying busy" and "getting information." The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6616415 TI - Social environment and breast cancer. A cohort analysis of patient survival. AB - Several crude indicators of social stress and social involvement were used to explain survival among 283 women with breast cancer. The relationships of some stress and involvement indicators to survival are apparent; the data provide evidence that social stress decreases and social involvement increases the length of time breast cancer patients survive. PMID- 6616416 TI - Subclavian vein thrombosis in patients treated with infusion chemotherapy for advanced malignancy. AB - Twenty-two of 53 (42%) patients developed subclavian vein thrombosis (SVT) while receiving chemotherapy for advanced malignancy by an ambulatory pump constant infusion delivery system. The median time to thrombosis was 30 days (range, 5-270 days). Seven patients (36%) were asymptomatic and received no specific anticoagulation. Twelve patients (50%) received heparin followed by coumadin for 2 to 3 months. None of the 19 patients developed complications of the SVT. In three patients (14%), acute SVT progressed to complete or partial superior vena cava syndrome. The use of fibrinolytic therapy was successful in all three patients, and was adequate to lead to complete clinical resolution. Predisposing factors in the patient population included: (1) decreased antithrombin III levels prior to catheter insertion; (2) intrathoracic tumor, possibly creating low flow rates; and (3) improper or suboptimal home management of the catheter. The development of SVT was not related to the chemotherapeutic agent infused or the duration of therapy. The frequency of SVT in this patient population necessitates consideration of prophylactic methods in high-risk patients. PMID- 6616417 TI - Myelopathy with severe structural derangement associated with combined modality therapy. AB - Myelopathy is a known complication of radiation therapy, but its association with chemotherapy has been less well documented. The authors report the case of a 12 year-old boy with medulloblastoma who had been followed for an 8 1/2-year period. In the context of accepted doses of intrathecal methotrexate and spinal irradiation, he developed an extensive myelopathy. At postmortem he was found to have profound fibrosis of the leptomeninges and necrosis with structural derangement of the spinal cord. It is speculated that these findings are secondary to a combination of radiation acting in synergism with methotrexate. The pertinent literature relating to myelopathy associated with radiation and chemotherapy is reviewed. PMID- 6616418 TI - Clinical results of irradiation combined with local hyperthermia. AB - This report updates a previous publication describing the experience at the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology with irradiation and hyperthermia in the treatment of superficial metastatic and recurrent malignant tumors. In a dose seeking Phase I-II clinical study, a total of 101 lesions have been treated. Twenty-two tumors were treated with doses of irradiation ranging from 1000 to 3000 rad and the rest with doses between 3000 and 4000 rad. Irradiation was delivered twice weekly (every 72 hours) in tumor doses of 400 rad, usually with electrons (9-16 MeV). Hyperthermia was initiated within 30 minutes following irradiation, most of the patients being treated with 915 MHz microwaves, 41-43 degrees C, for 60-90 minutes every 72 hours. Adequate temperatures were reached in most lesions measuring less than 2 cm in thickness, 70% of those 2-4 cm and only in 30% of those thicker than 4 cm. Of 36 measurable lesions in the head and neck, 20 had a complete response and 12 a partial response. In 16 of the 20 patients (80%) showing a complete response the tumor was controlled from three to 36 months. Of 30 adenocarcinoma of the breast lesions, recurrent in the chest wall, 16 showed a complete response and 9 a partial regression. Twelve of the 16 lesions that regressed completely (71.4%) showed long-lasting tumor control. Of 22 metastatic or recurrent melanoma lesions, 16 had a complete regression and six a partial response. Of the 16 patients with complete response, 13 (81%) had no evidence of recurrence lasting from three to 36 months. Three sarcoma lesions responded well to the combination of irradiation and heat and did not recur after treatment. Patients treated with doses larger than 3000 rad in the head and neck or in the chest wall (epidermoid carcinoma or adenocarcinoma, respectively) showed better tumor response than those treated with lower doses. However, in melanoma satisfactory results (80% or higher response) were observed with doses as low as 2000 rad. This combined therapy has been well tolerated by the normal tissues. In 6% of the patients there was evidence of tumor necrosis with ulceration and in 5% thermal burns which healed after 2 to 3 months, with conservative management.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6616419 TI - Efficacy of computed tomography in the management of cancer patients. AB - An evaluation was made of 1030 computed tomography (CT) scans performed on cancer patients. Seventy percent of the scans taken were of the pelvis, abdomen, or thorax. Both referring clinicians and radiologists rated the diagnostic and management efficacy of each scan using a simple scale of values. Over 50% of the scans provided unique diagnostic information: 39% resulted in a change in diagnosis or in known extent of disease; and 14% led to a change in patient management. The fraction of abnormal results was not a reliable measure of efficacy. Specific groups of patients were identified, which demonstrated that both diagnostic and management efficacy should be measured in assessing the value of CT as a diagnostic modality. PMID- 6616420 TI - The significance of microscopic invasive cancer in endoscopically removed polyps of the large bowel. A clinicopathologic study of 51 cases. AB - A clinicopathologic study of 51 patients with endoscopically removed large bowel polyps showing histologic evidence of malignancy, either focally, to a massive extent, or comprising the entire polyp, revealed only one absolute finding capable of predicting residual disease, namely, the presence of cancer at the resection line. Of 23 radical resections, only one was justified. This case showed evidence of residual disease in the colectomy specimen that could have been predicted on the basis of involvement of the diathermy margin by carcinoma. Of 28 patients having polypectomy alone, 1 patient developed a Dukes' B carcinoma. The polyp, removed 9 months previously from the same site, had shown involvement of the margin by carcinoma. A conservative approach is thus advocated in the absence of this finding. PMID- 6616421 TI - Transcobalamin II as an indicator of activity in metastatic renal adenocarcinoma. AB - Transcobalamin (TC) II, the cellular membrane carrier of vitamin B 12 has recently attracted attention as an acute phase reactant in autoimmune disorders and reticuloendothelial malignancies. In a prospective clinical evaluation, 20 patients presenting with proven metastatic renal adenocarcinoma underwent nephrectomy and were followed till death, or at least 3 years. Two patients obtained a complete remission. TCII was significantly elevated (P less than 0.005) preoperatively and varied with activity of the carcinoma, supplementing the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and fibrinogen. The postoperative response and pattern of TCII activity correlated with disease progression. No relation was found to liver metastases. This study supports the recent findings of TCII as an indicator of activity in disorders affecting the immune mechanisms probably acting as an acute phase reactant, and is a useful supplement in renal adenocarcinoma. PMID- 6616422 TI - Dedifferentiation of a transplantable papillary thyroid carcinoma over a 15-year period. AB - Fischer 344 rats on a prolonged low-iodine diet developed thyroid nodules which were transplanted subcutaneously into 33 thyroidectomized rats. One graft took and gave a papillary carcinoma. Serially transplanted syngeneically at 3- to 4 month intervals, it became autonomous in third generation hosts. With electron microscopy examination it was microfollicular in year 8 and anaplastic, with totally unpolarized epithelial cells, in year 15. Basement membrane present in year 1 was no longer visible in specimens of years 8 and 15. Tight and gap junctions still present in year 8 were absent in year 15, although a few desmosomes persisted. From years 8 to 15, free ribosomes and microfilaments became more frequent, whereas the number of mitochondria and the development of the Golgi complex declined. PMID- 6616423 TI - Intracranial metastases due to prostatic carcinoma. AB - From 1973 to 1982, 189 patients were treated at the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center for Stage C or D prostatic carcinoma. In eight of these cases (4.2%), there was clinical or pathological evidence for intracranial metastases. The condition of subdural neoplastic spread, not from contiguous bone, was identified in five cases, two of which were suspected before death. Four of these five patients were thrombocytopenic or pancytopenic at the time of the diagnosis. Intraparenchymal brain metastases were identified in six cases. Cerebellar, temporal bone, cavernous sinus, and splenium infiltration by tumor were unusual findings in individual cases. The results of chest x-rays and respiratory status were poor predictors of lung metastases in four of five patients on whom autopsies were performed. This article describes the spectrum of radiographic and pathologic findings of intracranial prostatic carcinoma, and suggests that the likely mechanism of brain metastasis in these cases is by the dural veins and Virchow-Robin spaces. PMID- 6616424 TI - Changing trends in cutaneous melanoma over a quarter century in Alabama, USA, and New South Wales, Australia. AB - Clinical and pathologic characteristics of melanoma were compared among 1647 clinical Stage I patients treated at the University of Alabama in Birmingham (USA) and The University of Sydney (Australia) between 1955 and 1980 to determine what changes occurred over a quarter century. Over this period, the number of patients treated annually has increased substantially. There was a steady increase in the proportion of patients presenting with localized disease (clinical Stage I). Melanomas became thinner, less invasive, less ulcerative and thus more curable. They also exhibited more of a radial growth phase. The median thickness of melanomas decreased in Australia from 2.5 mm prior to 1960 to 1.1 mm during the period 1976 to 1980, while in Alabama it has decreased from 3.3 to 1.4 mm. There was a significant increase in melanomas located on the trunk in males and a corresponding decrease in male head and neck melanomas. No significant change in the site distribution was observed for any major anatomical area on female patients. There were minimal differences in the incidence of both clinical and pathologic parameters among melanoma patients in Alabama, USA and in New South Wales, Australia even when accounting for their year of diagnosis. Long term survival rates in patients with localized disease were found to increase slightly during the 25 year time frame of this analysis. The changes that have occurred are likely due to earlier diagnosis and changes in the biological nature of the disease. PMID- 6616425 TI - Serum cholesterol and cancer in the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program. AB - The relation between serum cholesterol and cancer incidence was investigated in the population of the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program. During the 5 years of follow-up, 286 new cancer cases were documented among the 10,940 participants. Overall, age-adjusted cancer incidence rates, computed by baseline serum cholesterol quartiles, showed a small, but statistically significant, inverse relation between serum cholesterol and cancer incidence. No evidence suggested that the observed relationship was primarily due to confounding by other cancer risk factors, association of low serum cholesterol with incipient but undiagnosed cancer, or problems of competing risks. However, the relationship is weak and a causal interpretation of these immediate results cannot be argued persuasively. Examinations of specific cancer sites and factors related to serum cholesterol are suggested as important lines of research toward clarification of the complex relationships observed. PMID- 6616426 TI - Cooperative groups and community hospitals. Measurement of impact in the community hospitals. AB - The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, composed of major cancer treatment centers, has an outreach program which involves community hospitals in ongoing cancer clinical trials. A prevalence survey was carried out in February 1981 among 104 community hospitals and 21 member institutions to determine the characteristics of patients being treated, their staffing, and reasons why patients were not on protocol studies. The survey sampled 25 (50) consecutive patients from community hospitals (member institutions). The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of a community cancer control program. The results of the study demonstrated that 16% of patients surveyed in the affiliated community hospitals were being treated on a research protocol. In addition, a further 35% had their treatment plan influenced by a protocol. Consequently protocols have impacted directly or indirectly on 51% of the patients. The corresponding figures in member institutions were 23% and 38% for a total of 61%. In studying protocol availability, it was found that 66% of all patients were ineligible for any protocol. Of patients eligible for a protocol but not registered on one, 52% were not registered because of physician preference for a specific treatment. The affiliates surveyed were shown to be on average half as large as member institutions in terms of number of beds and staff size. Also, staff/patient ratios are generally smaller in the community hospitals. The median age of patients was considerably lower than SEER incidence data. Also, elderly patients were slightly more prevalent in community hospitals than in member institutions. A clear relationship between disease stage and age in breast cancer patients was noted with the representation of early-stage disease much higher in young women. PMID- 6616427 TI - Altered hepatic functions and microsomal activity in perfused rat liver by hyperthermia combined with alkylating agents. AB - Livers of fasted rats were perfused for one hour in the presence of cyclophosphamide (CP), mechlorethamine (HN2), or melphalan (L-PAM) at 37 degrees and 42 degrees C. Hepatic biosynthetic function was assessed by determining gluconeogenesis from lactate, ureogenesis from NH4Cl, and O2 consumption. Antipyrine (AP) metabolism was employed to assess microsomal mixed function oxygenase enzyme activity at elevated temperatures. The t 1/2 of AP increased 2.8 fold in a temperature-dependent manner between 37 degrees and 43 degrees C. In the presence of biosynthetic substrates, the t 1/2 of AP increased 1.8-fold between 37 degrees and 43 degrees C. CP activation was suppressed (27% at 125 micrograms/ml, 49% at 500 micrograms/ml) at 42 degrees C. The presence of biosynthetic substrates significantly attenuated the suppression of CP activation by hyperthermia. A dose-dependent decrease in biosynthetic function occurred in the presence of CP at 37 degrees and 42 degrees C suggesting hepatotoxicity and/or competition for biochemical intermediates. The t 1/2 of HN2 at 50 micrograms/ml was slightly decreased by 11% at 42 degrees C (19.6 min vs. 17.4 min). The half-lives of 10 micrograms/ml HN2 and 5 micrograms/ml L-PAM were not altered at 42 degrees C (17.1 min vs. 16.4 min and 44.6 min vs. 44.1 min, respectively). The adverse effects of HN2 and L-PAM on hepatic biosynthetic functions were minimal suggesting that alkylating agents not requiring metabolism by the liver would be most useful for hepatic thermochemotherapy. The data indicate that hyperthermia depresses hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing enzyme function and alters the perfusate pharmacokinetics of alkylating agents. Moreover, manipulation of the hepatic biochemical environment may modify the adverse effects of hyperthermia on microsomal activity. PMID- 6616428 TI - Inhibition of DNA polymerase-alpha from rat hepatoma with a series of new synthetic polynucleotides. AB - In continuation of efforts to correlate the antitemplate activities of chemically modified polynucleotides with their base composition and structure, four synthetic copolymers, poly(A,C), poly(C,U), poly(A,C,U), and poly(A,C,G) were modified by thiolation of 2.6-4.8% of their pyrimidine bases. The resulting 5 mercaptoheteropolynucleotides and the previously described 5-mercapto polycytidylate (MPC) and -polyuridylate (MPU) were tested in a comparative manner as inhibitors of the DNA polymerase-alpha from rat hepatoma. A wide scale of inhibitory potencies was obtained in the following (decreasing) order: MPU greater than M-poly(A,C,U) greater than M-poly(C,U) greater than MPC greater than M-poly(A,C) greater than or equal to M-poly(A,C,G). The sensitivity of the hepatoma DNA polymerase toward these antitemplates increased upon further purification of the enzyme through the DNA-agarose step. Partially thiolated DNA isolates from rat hepatoma and calf thymus, respectively, showed significant inhibition of the hepatoma DNA polymerase, the thiolated hepatoma DNA being the more active inhibitor. PMID- 6616429 TI - Effect of energy deprivation on the polyribosomes of Yoshida ascites hepatoma cells. AB - Yoshida ascites hepatoma cells growing in vivo are characterized by a large number of monosomes and dimers which further increase when the cells are incubated anaerobically in vitro in the absence of glucose: under the latter condition most of the ribosomes are present as inactive particles. These monosomes can be incorporated into polyribosomes if the elongation step of protein synthesis is inhibited by cycloheximide. The degradation of polysomes in the absence of glucose under anaerobic conditions can be reversed promptly on addition of glucose to the medium and less promptly by oxygenation. These data suggest that the large monosome-dimer pool of hepatoma cells depends on a relative inefficiency of the initiation step of protein synthesis, which is magnified by the lack of energy caused by anaerobic incubation in the absence of glucose, and counteracted by interference with further steps of protein synthesis or conditions which favor glycolysis or, less efficiently, respiration of the tumor cells. PMID- 6616430 TI - Decrease in human lymphocyte surface glycoconjugates in leukemia as demonstrated by lectin binding. AB - Qualitative variations in the glycoconjugates which make up the lectin receptor sites on the membranes of leukemic lymphocytes, compared with those of normal cells, have been studied by the use of three tritiated lectins: Robinia pseudoacacia lectin, Concanavalin A and Ricinus communis (var. Sanquineus) agglutinin (RCA 120). The binding specificity of these lectins has been demonstrated using specific determinants: alpha-methylmannoside and galactose for Concanavalin A and Ricinus communis agglutinin respectively. For the Robinia lectin this specificity was determined by saturation of the receptor sites with the unlabeled Robinia lectin before the addition of isotopically labeled Robinia lectin. The results show a decrease in the number of receptor sites on the leukemia cells, especially in chronic lymphoid leukemia, relative to that on normal cells. The apparent affinity constants of leukemic cells in all cases remain higher than those of normal cells. PMID- 6616431 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of a 700 kilodalton human colon carcinoma associated antigen. AB - An antigen of high molecular weight (CA-3) was isolated from the cytosol fraction of GW-39 human colon tumor cells by antibody affinity chromatography. CA-3 was characterized by an acidic pI value of 4.5-4.9, a molecular weight of 700 kilodaltons and a sedimentation coefficient of 13S. It contained all of the commonly occurring amino acids and had an acidic to basic amino acid ratio of 1.4. CA-3 was resistant to dissociation by reducing agents as well as by sodium dodecylsulfate. Quantitation of CA-3 by a radioimmunoassay employing rabbit anti CA-3 antiserum revealed a marked elevation of CA-3 in the cytosol extracts of human primary colon carcinoma in comparison to normal colon. The molecular properties of CA-3 are compared to those of carcinoembryonic antigen, high molecular weight colon specific antigen CSAp and two other high molecular weight proteins, fibronectin and conglutinin. Colon antigen CA-3 appears to be different from these other molecules in terms of its molecular weight, sedimentation value, isoelectric point and amino acid composition. PMID- 6616432 TI - Spectroscopic study of the effects of C-alkylation of N-acetoxy-N-acetyl-2 aminofluorene on some properties of the carcinogen-modified DNA. AB - Several physicochemical properties of DNA reacted in vitro with the carcinogen metabolite N-acetoxy-N-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-AcO-AAF) are compared to those of DNA reacted with two C-alkylated derivatives, viz. N-acetoxy-7-ethyl-N-2 acetylaminofluorene (N-AcO-EtAAF) and N-acetoxy-7-n-butyl-N-2-acetylamino fluorene (N-AcO-ButAAF). Ultraviolet absorption, high resolution derivative melting curves and circular dichroism techniques are employed in the present study. C-alkylation of N-AcO-AAF influences the conformational modifications of DNA induced by the covalent binding of the metabolite. The size of the alkyl group seems to determine the effect on DNA conformation (e.g., the bulkiest N-AcO ButAAF denatures the most DNA). However, certain similarities between the three metabolites are observed, such as the preferential binding to G-C rich regions and the carcinogen-carcinogen and carcinogen-DNA base stacking interactions. PMID- 6616434 TI - An ovarian cancer family: clinical and cytogenetic data. AB - A family with five ovarian neoplasms in three subsequent generations was studied. Four women had ovarian cancer at age 38, 40, 47, and 53, and one had cystoma ovari at 24. There were other neoplasms and preneoplastic lesions in this family. Several developmental anomalies were revealed, and one of them (a tooth anomaly) may be associated with ovarian tumors. Cytogenetic studies have been carried out on six of the living relatives, including two treated for ovarian neoplasms. The incidence of spontaneous chromosome aberrations was not significantly increased in each of these cases. Polymorphism of constitutive heterochromatin regions was observed in all six individuals. The possible type of inheritance of the ovarian cancer, the significance of the tooth anomaly, and the constitutive heterochromatin polymorphism as cancer markers in this family are discussed. PMID- 6616435 TI - Constitutive heterochromatin of chromosomes No. 1, 9, and 16 in 90 patients with malignant disease and 91 controls. AB - The variability of constitutive heterochromatin in chromosomes #1, #9, and #16 was investigated in 90 patients with malignant tumors (neoplasms of the head, neck, breast, and genital organs) and in 91 controls. The investigation was carried out on chromosome preparations from peripheral blood cultures. An analysis showed no significant difference in the frequency of localization variants, that is, inversions, in the patients and in the normal controls. Analysis of the variability of the C-segment size was made by measuring the length of heterochromatin blocks and showed that a correlation with the process of malignant transformation can be sought in the consequences of an uneven distribution (chromosome #1) and in quantitative changes in the constitutive heterochromatin (chromosomes #1 and #9). PMID- 6616433 TI - Translocation (6;9)(p23;q34) in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. AB - A consistent chromosomal abnormality t(6;9)(p23;q34) was demonstrated in the bone marrow or unstimulated peripheral blood cultures of two patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). Only two additional cases with ANLL and a similar cytogenetic finding have been reported, indicating that this translocation may represent another chromosomal abnormality specifically associated with ANLL. PMID- 6616436 TI - Chromosome studies in two human brain tumors. AB - The cytogenetic findings based on G- and C-banding in two human brain tumors (a meningioma and an astrocytoma) are reported. Both tumors were characterized by hypodiploid modal numbers (45 and 40 chromosomes, respectively), chromosome 22 abnormalities, and the presence of several markers. This observation supports the hypothesis of the association of No. 22 chromosome abnormalities with tumors of the brain. PMID- 6616437 TI - Immunological and cytogenetic studies in two cases of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Burkitt's type). AB - Immunological and cytogenetic studies were performed on two patients who presented with L-3 acute lymphocytic leukemia (Burkitt-type). Surface marker studies showed that both had B-cell leukemias. The blast cells in Case 1 expressed monoclonal IgM kappa surface immunoglobulin and in Case 2, IgG kappa. In the first case, cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow revealed the presence of a rare variant translocation involving the short arm of chromosome 2 and the long arm of chromosome 8 in all the metaphases examined. This is the second report of such a translocation in Burkitt's leukemia. The 8;14 translocation reported in classical Burkitt's lymphoma and other B-cell lymphomas was present in all the bone marrow metaphases in the second case. PMID- 6616439 TI - i(12p): specific chromosomal marker in seminoma and malignant teratoma of the testis? AB - A similar small marker chromosome, frequently present in duplicate, was seen in direct preparations and short-term cultures of each of ten seminomas, one combined seminoma and teratoma, and one malignant teratoma of the testis. In the four most favorable tumors (seminomas) this chromosome was identified as an i(12p). The findings may point to a chromosomal change that is specific for malignant testicular tumors. PMID- 6616440 TI - Thymidine synchronization of marrow cells evaluated. PMID- 6616438 TI - Distinguishing characteristics of a new neuroblastoma cell line. AB - The characteristics of a new neuroblastoma cell line (MC-NB-1) established from the bone marrow of a 2-year-old male are described. Morphologically, the cells appear as flattened and epithelial-like or as small and spherical. Electron microscopy demonstrated microtubules and dense core secretory granules. The doubling time was approximately 35 hr. Isoenzyme patterns and catecholamine secretion indicated a human line of neuronal origin. The soft agar tumor colony forming system demonstrated drug resistance in vitro comparable to in vivo nonresponsiveness. The stemline karyotype of MC-NB-1 is 44,Y,del(1) (p22:), -4, 7, +del(7)(q22:), -16, +t(7;16)(16pter leads to 16q24::7q22 leads to 7q32), -17. Additionally, double-minute bodies were observed. However, no evidence of homogeneous staining regions (HSRs) were detected. PMID- 6616443 TI - Transport of pyruvate in mitochondria from different tumor cells. AB - A comparative study of the transport of pyruvate in mitochondria isolated from normal rat liver and from three tumors has been carried out. The Km for net pyruvate uptake in mitochondria isolated from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells is practically equal to that measured in normal rat liver mitochondria while, on the other hand, it is higher in Morris hepatomas 44 and 3924A. The Vmax of pyruvate uptake is depressed in all three types of tumor mitochondria as compared to that in the rat liver mitochondria, with the depression being higher in Morris hepatoma 3924A mitochondria. The lower activity of pyruvate translocator in mitochondria isolated from tumor cells as compared to that in rat liver mitochondria is also shown by depression of the rate of pyruvate-supported oxygen uptake. The results document a decreased activity of the pyruvate translocator in tumor mitochondria which seems to be correlated with the growth rate of the tumor cells. PMID- 6616441 TI - The selective nature of metastasis. AB - The issue of whether metastases result from the random survival of cells released from a primary tumor or from the selective growth of specialized tumor subpopulations endowed with metastatic properties is important to our understanding of the metastatic process and to the development of therapeutic modalities against metastatic disease. We have found that the tumor cells populating spontaneous metastases are more metastatic than the cells populating the parent neoplasm, clearly indicating that metastasis is selective and not random. The selective nature of metastasis is a consistent observation, however, only when tumor cells are obtained from spontaneous metastases from mice bearing heterogenous, poorly metastatic tumors. Tumor cells from spontaneous metastases from mice bearing tumors that have been selected for metastatic potential or that are homogeneous (cloned) do not differ significantly in metastatic potential from tumor cells populating the parent tumor. Thus, under some conditions the process of metastasis can appear random. Although tumor cells from different individual metastases may be homogeneous with regard to a metastatic phenotype, they may be heterogeneous with regard to their sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. Thus, although metastasis selects for metastatic variants, resulting in the population of metastatic foci with tumor cells endowed with metastatic properties, it does not appear to select for phenotypes irrelevant to the process of metastasis such as sensitivity to therapeutic agents. PMID- 6616444 TI - Dose-response study of N-nitrosoproline formation in rats and a deduced kinetic model for predicting carcinogenic effects caused by endogenous nitrosation. AB - A dose-response study on the endogenous formation of N-nitrosoproline in rats was carried out by feeding various doses of L-proline in the diet and sodium nitrite in the drinking water. N-Nitrosoproline excreted in the urine and feces of individual rats was monitored as an index for endogenous nitrosation of proline. The logarithm of the amount of N-nitrosoproline formed was found to be proportional to the logarithm of the product of the proline dose and the square of the nitrite dose, in agreement with in vitro studies. On the basis of these results, a kinetic model was formulated. Calculations were carried out with this model using published data on nitrosation and carcinogenic potency of selected N nitrosamines. This allowed the estimation of the daily precursor dose quantity, [amine][nitrite]2, required to give 50% tumor incidence in rats after 2 years of feeding. PMID- 6616445 TI - Measurement of 7-methylguanine as an estimate of the amount of dimethylnitrosamine formed following administration of aminopyrine and nitrite to rats. AB - We have demonstrated that there is a dose-related increase in the excretion of 7 [methyl-14C]methylguanine ( [14C]m7Gua) following p.o. administration of di[methyl-14C]methylnitrosamine to rats. Urine was collected for 24 hr after di[methyl-14C]methylnitrosamine administration, and the purines were precipitated from an aliquot of the urine with silver nitrate. Purines were released from the precipitate with HCl, and [14C]m7Gua was quantified by chromatography on an Aminex A-6 column. The excretion of [14C]m7Gua increased linearly with the dose of dimethylnitrosamine. This relationship was used to estimate the amount of di[methyl-14C]methylnitrosamine formed in the reaction of [14C]aminopyrine with sodium nitrite in rats gavaged with these compounds. The dose of dimethylnitrosamine was also estimated from the amount of alkylation of liver DNA in the same animals. These estimates usually differed by less than a factor of 2. [14C]aminopyrine and sodium nitrite were administered. The possibility of using this assay to obtain data on nitrosation in humans is discussed. PMID- 6616442 TI - Tumor heterogeneity: biological implications and therapeutic consequences. PMID- 6616446 TI - Metastatic behavior of an adriamycin-resistant murine tumor. AB - The metastatic behavior of a murine fibrosarcoma (UV-2237M-ADMR) resistant to Adriamycin (ADM) (doxorubicin) was investigated. Subclones isolated from the UV 2237M-ADMR line, which originated from a single colony, generally displayed a similar degree of resistance to ADM (eight out of nine clones did not differ from this UV-2237M-ADMR line). In contrast, they differed significantly in their capacity to form lung colonies after i.v. injection (six of nine clones differed significantly from the UV-2237M-ADMR line, p less than or equal to 0.005, Mann Whitney U test). The UV-2237M-ADMR cell line maintained resistance to ADM even after 17 weeks of growth in syngeneic mice, although a gradual decrease in resistance was observed over this time. Spontaneous metastases from the UV-2237M ADMR tumor commonly retained resistance to ADM. Of 18 cell lines, each established from an individual lung nodule, 16 showed plating efficiencies in the presence of ADM comparable to that of the primary UV-2237M-ADMR tumor. The remaining two lines had partially reverted to the sensitive state. The i.v. administration of ADM significantly reduced the lung tumor burden of mice with ADM-sensitive UV-2237M tumors but failed to affect the lung tumor burden of mice with UV-2237M-ADMR tumors. The UV-2237M-ADMR tumor line, exhibiting as it does both drug-resistant and metastatic behavior, provides a useful model system with which to investigate the metastatic process and the development of drug resistance. PMID- 6616447 TI - Induction of transformation by six classes of chemical carcinogens in adult rat liver epithelial cells. AB - A transformation assay system using two clonal strains of adult rat liver epithelial cells is described. The carcinogens N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine, methylmethanesulfonate, N-2-fluorenylacetamide, aflatoxin B1, benzo(a)pyrene, dimethylnitrosamine, nitrosopyrrolidine, and dimethyl-4 aminoazobenzene induced anchorage independency in one or both clonal strains, whereas noncarcinogenic analogues were inactive. In the absence of carcinogen exposure, the cell strains exhibited no spontaneous transformation to anchorage independency. These results demonstrate the reliability of anchorage independency as an in vitro end point and the specific responsiveness of adult rat liver epithelial cells to a wide range of carcinogens. Thus, the assay of transformation in adult rat liver epithelial cells is potentially useful for detection of chemical carcinogens and the study of their mechanisms of action. PMID- 6616448 TI - Critical modulation by thymidine and hypoxanthine of sequential methotrexate-5 fluorouracil synergism in murine L1210 cells. AB - Treatment of murine L1210 cells with methotrexate (MTX) followed by 5 fluorouracil (FUra) produced synergistic cytotoxicity, but only in media containing serum with low concentrations of hypoxanthine, such as horse serum and dialyzed fetal calf serum. Addition of hypoxanthine (1 to 10 microM) during drug exposure reduced the synergism of sequential MTX (1 to 100 microM)-FUra (30 to 300 microM) treatment. The reduction of synergy by hypoxanthine varied with the MTX concentration, higher hypoxanthine concentrations being required to prevent synergy at higher MTX concentrations. The cytotoxicity produced by sequential MTX (10 microM)-FUra (30 to 300 microM) treatment was also reduced if thymidine was added to the regrowth media following drug exposure. The rescue by thymidine was concentration dependent, but as little as 0.5 microM thymidine was sufficient to substantially reduce the synergistic cytotoxicity. These results indicate that both hypoxanthine and thymidine are critical determinants of sequential MTX-FUra synergy and call into question the relevance of experiments in low-thymidine- and low-hypoxanthine-containing media to the clinical situation, where plasma hypoxanthine and thymidine concentrations are often greater than 1 and 0.5 microM, respectively. PMID- 6616449 TI - Extraction of immunogenic and suppressogenic antigens from variants of B16 melanoma exhibiting low or high metastatic potentials. AB - This investigation examined the effect of soluble antigen prophylaxis on s.c. and metastatic growth of B16 variants which demonstrated either a low or high propensity to colonize the lungs (B16-F1 and B16-F10, respectively) of syngeneic C57BL/6J mice. The two variants share a tumor-associated antigen, since immunization with crude butanol extracts (CBEs) of B16-F1 cells protected hosts against s.c. challenge with either B16-F1 or B16-F10 cells. CBE from B16-F10 (CBE F10) were unable to engender a measurable immune response against s.c. challenge with either tumor variant. Pretreatment with 100 to 300 micrograms CBE from F1 cells was also effective in reducing the outgrowth of experimentally induced B16 F1 or B16-F10 pulmonary foci. However, mice immunized with 100 micrograms CBE-F10 bore significantly more pulmonary tumors than did phosphate-buffered saline treated controls. The enhancing and protective activities were specific for the B16 tumor and could be adoptively transferred 24 hr prior to tumor challenge by i.p. injection of 5 X 10(7) spleen cells from CBE-immunized mice. The enhancing activity in the CBE-F10 immune spleen cell population was abolished by depletion of adherent cells onto plastic. Adoptive transfer of the CBE-F10-immune adherent cell population did not affect metastatic growth, suggesting that, in this experimental system, the adherent population was not an efferent suppressor and could not recruit host elements to effect suppression. Indeed, spleen cell-mixing experiments demonstrated that only immune adherent cells combined with immune nonadherent cells could partially reconstitute the tumor growth-enhancing potential of the unfractionated CBE-F10-immune spleen cell population. PMID- 6616450 TI - Quantitative flow cytometric determination of anthracycline content of rat bone marrow cells. AB - Flow cytometry was used to determine the daunomycin content of rat bone marrow cells after incubation in vitro. The spontaneous fluorescence of daunomycin was measured upon excitation with laser light at 488 nm. Forward and perpendicular light scatters of the cells were simultaneously measured to allow identification of granulocytic and lymphocytic subpopulations. A linear relationship was found for a 30-min exposure between the drug concentration (ranging from 0.2 to 3 micrograms/ml) in the incubation medium and the fluorescence intensity for both lymphocytes and granulocytes. Dead cells contaminating cell suspensions showed several times higher daunomycin fluorescence than did viable cells. In fixed cells, the fluorescence reflects daunomycin bound to DNA, since the fluorescence intensity of daunomycin-treated fixed cells returns to the level of unstained cells after DNase treatment. Quantitation of the cellular drug concentration was done by exposing cells in vitro to varying doses of [3H]daunomycin. At each drug concentration, the fluorescence intensity of the cells was measured using flow cytometry. Granulocytes and lymphocytes were sorted on the basis of light scatter. The amount of intracellular drug was determined for both cell populations at each drug dose by measuring the radioactivity in 600,000 sorted cells. The concentration per cell was on the order of 10(-18) mol. For both the granulocytic and the lymphocytic subpopulations, a linear relationship was found between drug-related radioactivity and fluorescence intensity. PMID- 6616451 TI - Different patterns of lectin binding and cell surface sialylation detected on related high- and low-metastatic tumor lines. AB - We have analyzed cell surface-bound carbohydrates in two different model systems for metastasis composed of closely related tumor cell lines with differing metastatic potential. The first system studied was that of the DBA/2-derived T lymphoma lines (Eb/ESb) and some recently established sublines of ESb with altered metastatic behavior (ESb-M and ESb-MR). The second system consisted of the highly metastatic MDAY-D2 cells, a wheat germ agglutinin-resistant low metastatic subline MDW40, and two metastatic revertants from the latter. The cells were stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated lectins and analyzed by flow cytofluorography. All low-metastatic tumor lines expressed receptor sites for the lectins soybean agglutinin (SBA) and Vicia villosa (VV). The metastatic lines had the respective lectin binding sites blocked by sialic acid (SA). A good correlation was found within the cell lineages Eb leads to ESb leads to ESb-M leads to ESb-MR and MDAY-D2 leads to MDW40 leads to MDW40M1 between reactivity of SBA and VV and metastatic potential. The amount of neuraminidase-accessible SA was similar for all cell types (except MDW40) indicating differences in the positioning of SA. For high-metastatic ESb cells, the sialylation of SBA and VV receptor sites was paralleled by a relative decrease of SA associated with receptor sites for peanut agglutinin. Low metastatic Eb cells, in contrast, had their peanut agglutinin receptor sites sialylated but expressed asialylated SBA and VV receptor sites. Eb cells were also found to have 2-fold higher activities in galactose-specific sialyltransferases. It is proposed that the differences in positioning of SA on the cell surface leading to masking or unmasking of terminal sugars could influence the metastatic potential of tumor cells. PMID- 6616452 TI - In vivo antitumor activity of the bitter melon (Momordica charantia). AB - The in vivo antitumor activity of a crude extract from the bitter melon (Momordica charantia) was determined. The extract inhibited tumor formation in CBA/H mice which had been given i.p. injections of 1.0 X 10(5) CBA/Dl tumor cells (77% of the untreated mice with tumors versus 33% of the treated mice with tumors after 6 weeks). The extract also inhibited tumor formation in DBA/2 mice which had been given i.p. injections of either 1 X 10(5) P388 tumor cells (0% of untreated mice survived after 30 days versus 40% survival of the treated mice) or 1 X 10(5) L1210 tumor cells (0% survival of untreated mice versus 100% of treated mice after 30 days). The in vivo antitumor effect required both the prior exposure of tumor cells to the extract (2 hr) in vitro and i.p., biweekly injections of the extract into the mice. The optimum dose for tumor inhibition (8 micrograms protein, biweekly, i.p.) was not toxic to mice for at least 45 days of treatment. This same treatment caused a marked enhancement of C3H mouse thymic cell response to concanavalin A in vitro. When compared to the untreated control mice, the bitter melon-injected animals exhibited a 4-fold-higher incorporation of tritiated thymidine into trichloroacetic acid-precipitable material after 48 hr of exposure to 50 micrograms of concanavalin A. Nylon wool-purified spleen cells from these same bitter melon-treated mice exhibited an enhanced mixed lymphocyte reaction when exposed to irradiated P388 stimulator cells (186% of the untreated control mice). These data indicate that in vivo enhancement of immune functions may contribute to the antitumor effects of the bitter melon extract. PMID- 6616453 TI - Induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity and DNA synthesis in hairless mouse epidermis by retinoids. AB - The ability of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) and other retinoid derivatives to enhance DNA synthesis and to induce ornithine decarboxylase [L-ornithine carboxylyase; EC 4.1.1.17 (ODC)] activity has been investigated in normal and tape-stripped hairless mouse epidermis. Initial studies showed that the retinoids could inhibit the induction of epidermal ODC activity found 4.5 hr after tape stripping. Ten nmol RA, 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-cis-RA), ethyl-all-trans-9-(4 methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl)-3,7-dimethyl-2,4,6, 8-nonatetraenoate (aromatic retinoid), or ethyl-p-[(E)-2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8, 8,-tetramethyl-2 naphthyl)-1-propenyl]benzoate (arotinoid ethyl ester) applied topically to the skin at 1 hr before tape stripping inhibited the induction of ODC activity. Induction of epidermal ODC activity was inhibited by arotinoid ethyl ester but not by RA, 13-cis-RA, or aromatic retinoid when they were applied to the skin at 24 hr prior to tape stripping. RA applied topically to normal hairless mouse skin induced a dose-dependent increase in epidermal ODC activity, detectable 24 hr or more after treatment. RA induced epidermal ODC activity to levels only 15- to 30 fold less than found after treatment with the potent tumor promoter tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Epidermal ODC activity was also induced by topical 13-cis-RA, aromatic retinoid, and arotinoid ethyl ester at this time, although in lower amounts than after RA treatment. The induction of ODC activity by RA was itself inhibited by topical arotinoid ethyl ester treatment. RA, 13-cis RA, and aromatic retinoid induced ODC activity at doses below those required to enhance epidermal DNA synthesis. In summary, we have shown that, in common with other proliferative stimuli, retinoids can induce ODC activity in hairless mouse epidermis per se. Our results suggest that, because of their ability to also inhibit the expression of ODC activity, the induced ODC activity is found only after the retinoids have been depleted. The ability both to inhibit and to induce ODC activity may be related to the action of RA as a weak tumor promoter under certain conditions and as an inhibitor of promotion under others. PMID- 6616454 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma pharmacokinetics of high doses of 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine in nonhuman primates. AB - The pharmacokinetics of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine was studied in nonhuman primates. Conventional and high-dose schedules of ara-C were administered i.v. and intraventricularly through indwelling Ommaya reservoirs. ara-C and its metabolite 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyluracil (ara-U) were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Due to rapid peripheral deamination (230 nm ara-C/hr/ml plasma), the half-life of ara-C in plasma after a 140-mg/kg i.v. 1-hr infusion was short (3.7 min). Peak plasma concentrations of ara-C, ranging between less than 0.1 and 49 micrograms/ml, were dose dependent (ara-C, 15 to 140 mg/kg). Under these conditions, ara-C was undetectable in CSF. About 53% of the administered dose (140 mg/kg) was excreted in urine during the first 5 hr mostly as ara-U. Intraventricular administration of 50 and 250 mg of ara-C resulted in peak lumbar CSF levels of 435 and 2235 micrograms/ml, respectively, at about 155 and 80 min postinjection. Concomitant ara-U levels were one-tenth of those of ara-C and increased progressively, suggesting deamination of the drug in the central nervous system. The half-life of ara-C in CSF ranged between 50 and 60 min. Administration of 50 mg of ara-U intraventricularly resulted in peak lumbar ara-U levels of 595 micrograms/ml at about 180 min with a prolonged clearance. Concomitant plasma levels throughout the study were less than 0.1 micrograms/ml, suggesting slower equilibrium. No hematological or nervous system toxicity was observed during these studies. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6616455 TI - Relative carcinogenic activity of various synthetic and natural estrogens in the Syrian hamster kidney. AB - Both synthetic and natural estrogens have been studied for their ability to induce renal carcinomas in castrated male hamsters after 9.0 months of treatment. Tumor foci were detected in frozen serial sections stained histochemically for estrase activity. Both diethylstilbestrol (DES) and 17 beta-estradiol had equal ability (100%) to induce renal tumors [approximately 20.5 +/- 3 (S.E.) tumor foci] in these animals. Hexestrol induced the same incidence and number of renal carcinoma foci as DES or 17 beta-estradiol. However, alpha -dienestrol and DES 3,4-oxide showed an 86 to 88% incidence of renal tumors in hamsters (approximately 10.8 +/- 3). When equilin and d-equilenin, components of therapeutic conjugated estrogens, were tested, only equilin had a 76% incidence of renal tumor foci (5.5 +/- 0.9). The ability of these stilbene and steroidal estrogens to compete for renal tumor estrogen receptor generally correlated well with their ability to cause renal tumorigenesis in the hamster with one notable exception. Although ethinyl estradiol competed as well as did DES or 17 beta estradiol for estrogen receptor, had similar ability to induce renal progesterone receptor, and led to similar high serum prolactin levels as either DES or 17 beta estradiol, it had only weak carcinogenic activity (21%) in the hamster kidney (0.6 +/- 0.5 foci). These data represent the first detailed analysis of the relative carcinogenic activity of different estrogens within a given tumor inducing system, and based on the carcinogenicity data of hexestrol and alpha dienestrol presented herein, they suggest that epoxidation of the olefinic double bond and the p-quinone metabolite of DES probably are not involved significantly in its carcinogenic activity. Moreover, the poor carcinogenic activity of ethinyl estradiol in this system, despite strong estrogenicity, suggests that estronic activity alone may not be sufficient to effect renal tumorigenesis in the hamster. PMID- 6616456 TI - Effects of propylthiouracil on urinary metabolites of cyclophosphamide in rats. AB - Our previous studies have shown a protective effect of propylthiouracil (PTU) pretreatment against the toxicity of cyclophosphamide (CP). The present study was undertaken to investigate the mechanism of the PTU protection. CP is metabolized by the cytochrome P-450 drug-metabolizing enzyme system in the liver to alkylating metabolites, to active antineoplastic agents, and to acrolein, the most toxic and least antineoplastic metabolite. Measurements of CP metabolites in blood and urine during a 4-hr i.v. infusion of CP (50 mg/kg body weight/hr) showed urinary acrolein excretion to be 2.5 times higher in control rats as compared to PTU-treated rats. Since it has been reported that urinary acrolein levels are directly related to the frequency and severity of hemorrhagic cystitis, it is concluded from our observations that prevention of hemorrhagic cystitis is probably mediated by the PTU effect on lowering urinary acrolein concentration and excretion. Serum alkylating activity was significantly higher in the PTU-pretreated rats, which may enhance the antineoplastic potential of CP. PMID- 6616457 TI - Effect of methotrexate with 5-methyltetrahydrofolate rescue and dietary homocystine on survival of leukemic mice and on concentrations of liver adenosylamino acids. AB - We have increased significantly the survival time of DBA/2 mice bearing methionine-dependent L1210 or L5178Y leukemia cells by i.p. administration of lethal doses of methotrexate (five daily doses of 25 mg/kg body weight) followed by rescue with 5-methyl tetrahydrofolate (five daily doses of 20 mg/kg body weight). The mice were maintained on a semipurified choline- and cyst(e)ine-free diet containing 0.32% L-methionine. We further increased significantly the survival time of the treated animals bearing L5178Y cells, but not those bearing L1210 cells, by substitution of 0.86% DL-homocystine for the methionine in the diet. We have examined the effects of both diets in mice treated with methotrexate and 5-methyl tetrahydrofolate, singly and in combination, on the concentrations of S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine in the liver, a tissue highly active in the metabolism of these amino acids. The substitution of homocystine for methionine in the diet of untreated animals led to a significant increase in S-adenosylhomocysteine and decrease in S-adenosylmethionine in the liver, with a resultant profound decrease in the ratio of S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosylhomocysteine which was not further altered significantly by administration of methotrexate. PMID- 6616458 TI - Effect of tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on recovery of methotrexate-, N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate-, and cadmium-resistant colony forming mouse and hamster cells. AB - The effect of the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and its nontumor promoting derivative 4-O-methyl-12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on the frequency of mouse and hamster cells resistant to methotrexate (MTX), N (phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate, and cadmium has been examined. TPA alone at concentrations up to 1.0 microgram/ml had no significant effect on the plating efficiency of either mouse or hamster cells. Exposure of 3T3 and 3T6 mouse and V79 and Chinese hamster ovary cells at low density to the 3 compounds in the presence of TPA (0.1 microgram/ml) did not result in any increase in the recovery of resistant colonies. When plated at high density, exposure to drug selection in the presence of TPA resulted in a 3- to 10-fold increase overall in the incidence of MTX-, N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate-, and cadmium-resistant mouse cells. However, an increase greater than 3-fold was not observed in hamster cells exposed to drug plus TPA under the same conditions. 4-O-Methyl-12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate had no significant effect on the frequency of MTX resistant cells. Seventy V79 cell clones surviving MTX (200 to 400 nM) alone and 79 surviving MTX plus TPA were isolated and retested for resistance to MTX. None were stable. In contrast, 6 out of 42 mouse colonies isolated from MTX alone and 55 out of 99 isolated from MTX plus TPA showed stable resistance on retesting in MTX. The implications of these results in relation to possible mechanisms of tumor promotion are discussed. PMID- 6616460 TI - Use of chromatofocusing to distinguish estradiol receptor from ovarian-dependent and -independent rat mammary tumors. AB - Cytosol estradiol receptor from MTW9-D (ovarian dependent) and MTW9-MtT (ovarian independent) rat mammary tumors were fractionated by chromatofocusing, a procedure which separates proteins on an ion-exchange column as a function of isoelectric point. Receptor from MTW9-D usually fractionated as three peaks with mean pH at peak height of 7.5, 6.8, and 6.0. The intermediate peak at pH 6.8 was present in 90% of MTW9-D tumors examined but in only 20% of MTW9-MtT tumors. Treatment of cytosols with 20 mM sodium molybdate or 50 mM leupeptin did not change the chromatofocusing profiles. The pI 6.8 fraction of receptor bound quantitatively to DNA-cellulose after ammonium sulfate precipitation, while receptor in the other two peaks bound much less. The quantitative binding of a fraction of estradiol receptor characteristic of MTW9-D to DNA is consistent with the greater binding of unfractionated cytosol receptor from MTW9-D to DNA than the binding of receptor from MTW9-MtT. Sucrose gradient analysis of the pI 6.8 receptor showed a sedimentation coefficient slightly less than ovalbumin with a Stokes radius of 26 A as determined by agarose chromatography. The correlation of receptor binding to DNA with response to ovariectomy might make this form of receptor a potential marker of hormonal responsivity in mammary tumors. PMID- 6616459 TI - Parenteral level of glucose intake on glucose homeostasis, tumor growth, gluconeogenesis, and body composition in normal and tumor-bearing rats. AB - To determine the effects of different levels of glucose intake on glucose homeostasis, gluconeogenesis, body composition, and tumor growth, we gave 8 days of total parenteral feeding of a defined liquid formula diet to groups of Buffalo rats, with and without a transplantable Morris 7777 hepatoma. The level of glucose intake was held at levels which ranged from 0 to 9.5 g/100 body weight per day while the levels of all other nutrients were held constant. Measurements were made on tumor growth rate, terminal blood plasma glucose and whole blood lactate levels, gluconeogenesis, body and organ weight, muscle nitrogen content, liver glycogen, and urine analysis. Tumor-bearing rats (TB) at low glucose intake but not non-tumor-bearing rats (NTB) were found to be dependent on gluconeogenesis for maintenance of blood glucose homeostasis (normoglycemia). Body weight was dependent on glucose intake level in both TB and NTB rats with glucose intake rates of 5.7 g/100 g/day being the point between weight loss or gain. However, under these feeding conditions, tumor growth rate was not dependent on the glucose intake rate. The weight of epididymal fat pad and the size of fat cells were positively correlated with glucose intake rate in both TB and NTB rats, but the fat pad weight in TB rats showed a greater dependence on the rate of glucose intake than it did in the NTB rats. Glucose intake of 3.8 g/100 g/day or less leads to significant loss of muscle mass and loss of muscle nitrogen (protein) in TB but not in NTB rats. Some liver glycogen was detected in all groups of rats except those TB rats with zero glucose intake. TB rats with high glucose intake (5.7 to 9.5 g/100 g/day) had higher blood lactate and lower urine pH than did NTB rats. Thus, TB rats at low glucose intake (3.8 g/100 g/day or less), as opposed to NTB rats, demonstrated a significant dependence on gluconeogenesis for glucose homeostasis, mobilized more of their liver glycogen, and catabolized more of their muscle proteins to supply the increased energy needs of the growing tumor and to maintain normoglycemia. PMID- 6616461 TI - Interrelation between tumor cell proliferation and 17-fluoresceinated estrone binding following primary tumor removal, radiation, cyclophosphamide, or tamoxifen. AB - The proportion of single intact viable mouse mammary tumor cells containing estrogen receptor (ER) as determined by 17-fluoresceinated estrone binding and the proportion labeled with [3H]thymidine (LI) have been assessed in the same cell population after either primary tumor removal, radiation, cyclophosphamide, or tamoxifen administration. Subsequent to tumor removal, the increase in LI occurring in a cell population from a residual tumor focus was associated with a concomitant decrease in the proportion of cells demonstrating 17-fluoresceinated estrone binding (fluorescence). As the level of LI in the tumor focus returned to that observed prior to tumor removal, the proportion of ER-containing cells simultaneously reverted to its original value. Following cyclophosphamide administration, there was a decrease in tumor LI and a concomitant elevation in the proportion of fluorescent cells which were dose related. The prolonged depression in LI following radiation was accompanied by a sustained increase in the proportion of ER-containing cells. Thus, the change in ER-containing cells was related to the alteration of the proliferating cell population by the various therapies. The findings support the thesis that fewer cells in the growth fraction of the tumor studied contain ER than in the nonproliferating cell pool. Following tamoxifen administration, a decrease occurred in the proportion of fluorescing cells due to competitive binding. There was no alteration in LI. This observation is not in conflict with the thesis that there is a correlation between ER and LI since the mechanism for reduction in detectable ER is different. These studies provide additional support to the credibility of the use of 17-fluoresceinated estrone binding for the determination of ER in individual tumor cells. They also indicate the usefulness of the method for obtaining biological information regarding tumor ER which cannot be obtained with the use of conventional biochemical analyses. PMID- 6616462 TI - Modification of chemotherapeutic effects on L1210 cells using hematoporphyrin and light. AB - Tissue culture experiments were done to evaluate the possibility of modifying the response curves of phenylalanine mustard (LPAM) and actinomycin D on L1210 cells, using moderately toxic levels of photodynamic injury provided by light and hematoporphyrin (HP). Cells were grown and treated in Roswell Park Memorial Institute Medium 1630 containing 20% horse serum. Cells were incubated with HP at concentrations of 1 to 50 microM for up to 48 hr. Illumination was provided by fluorescent light (4 milliwatts/sq cm), filtered through plastic to remove all wavelengths outside of the range of 400 to 800 nm. Ambient light was carefully controlled. When cells were incubated with 25 microM HP in the dark for 24 hr and then exposed to light for 1 hr, there were reductions in cloning efficiencies of 30 to 80% compared to the dark-HP-treated controls. When LPAM (1 to 30 microM) or actinomycin D (0.04 to 2.0 ng/ml) was incubated with cells for 1 hr following HP treatment, with or without light exposure, the LPAM response curves were modified to indicate a synergistic response of photodynamic toxicity and chemotherapeutic toxicity (one additional log). HP in the dark prior to and during LPAM exposure did not modify the LPAM response curve. The actinomycin D response curve was modified by prior HP and light treatment to indicate an additive effect of one additional log; a synergistic effect may be present in the range of 100 to 10% cloning efficiencies. It is concluded that the L1210-HP-light system offers possibilities for investigating the modification of chemotherapy effects. PMID- 6616463 TI - Denitrosation as a determinant of nitrosocimetidine in vivo activity. AB - The widely used drug cimetidine (Tagamet) can be nitrosated in the presence of nitrite and under mild acid conditions to form a compound, nitrosocimetidine (NC), which has a chemical structure very similar to those of the mutagens and laboratory carcinogens N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and methylnitrosourea (MNU). NC has given positive indications in several short-term tests for possible carcinogenic activity and is capable of methylating DNA in vitro and in cultured cells in a manner identical to that of MNNG and MNU. Nevertheless, NC has been found to be a weak carcinogen or a noncarcinogen and to be very poor at modifying DNA in vivo when administered p.o. We have found that NC, like MNNG, decomposes very rapidly when incubated with thiol compound in neutral pH buffer. Much of this decomposition is denitrosation. In the presence of excess reduced glutathione, about 35% of the degradation results in denitrosation to produce cimetidine, and in the presence of excess cysteine about 65% results in denitrosation to produce cimetidine. The compound also rapidly decomposes in whole blood isolated from rats; about 70% of this decomposition produces cimetidine. In solution with purified rat hemoglobin, approximately 90% of the NC degradation proceeds via a denitrosation pathway; hemoglobin cysteine residues have been implicated in the denitrosation reaction. In parallel experiments with MNNG, it has been found that, although a fraction of the decomposition of this agent in the presence of thiol compound, in isolated whole blood, and in solution with purified hemoglobin generates the denitrosated derivative, denitrosation is in the range of one-third to one-half of that found for NC. Denitrosation and degradation to form a methylating species appear to be the major NC and MNNG decomposition pathways in vitro. There is no indication that MNU degradation is sensitive to thiols, nor is the compound susceptible to denitrosation at neutral pH. Molar-equivalent doses of methyl group-radiolabeled NC, MNNG, and MNU were administered via the tail vein to groups of F344 rats, and the DNA methylation yields in lung, liver, kidney, and brain tissue were assessed. Of the organs considered, DNA methylation was greatest in the lungs of MNNG-treated animals, followed by kidney (25% of the lung value). Methylation of lung tissue DNA in MNU-treated animals was about 50% of that observed in the MNNG experiments; DNA methylation in the other organs was about equivalent to that found in the lung.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6616464 TI - Tamoxifen and 5-fluorouracil in breast cancer: cytotoxic synergism in vitro. AB - The cytokinetic and cytotoxic interactions involved in combining tamoxifen, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil were studied in two hormone-dependent human breast cancer cell lines, 47-DN and MCF-7. These cells had measurable cytosol and nuclear estrogen receptor and cytosol progesterone receptor. Growth of the MCF-7 cells in medium containing gelding serum was stimulated maximally by addition of 10 pM estradiol. Both MCF-7 and 47-DN cells showed dose-dependent in vitro growth inhibition on exposure to tamoxifen, and toxicity from tamoxifen at concentrations up to 10 microM could be prevented by 1 nM estradiol. After exposure of 47-DN cells to 10 microM tamoxifen, cytosol progesterone and nuclear estrogen receptor levels were still detectable at 30 and 60% of control values. With this same concentration of tamoxifen, 47-DN cells in S phase declined 50% in association with a buildup of G0-1 cells. By clonogenic assay, tamoxifen enhanced 47-DN and MCF-7 cytotoxicity to 5-fluorouracil and 5-fluorouridine, but not to methotrexate alone. When given either concurrently or using a pretreatment synchronizing schedule, tamoxifen enhanced markedly the growth inhibition of sequentially combined methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil. Isobologram analysis was used to prove that the cytotoxic interaction between tamoxifen and 5-fluorouracil was synergistic. PMID- 6616465 TI - Tamoxifen and 5-fluorouracil in breast cancer: modulation of cellular RNA. AB - Biochemical studies were undertaken with the human breast carcinoma cell line, 47 DN, to explore the mechanisms underlying cytotoxic synergy between tamoxifen (TAM) and the fluoropyrimidines, 5-fluorouracil (FUra) and 5-fluorouridine (FUrd). The influence of TAM pretreatment was measured on intracellular FUra accumulation, FUra nucleotide formation, and incorporation of fluoropyrimidines into cellular RNA. Unlike other modulators of FUra metabolism and toxicity. TAM decreased intracellular FUra accumulation and total RNA incorporation by 20 to 60%. Cells treated with TAM contained 10 to 20% less cellular RNA and showed reduced transcription and altered RNA turnover, independent of fluoropyrimidine treatment. Newly synthesized RNA from control and TAM-treated cells was fractionated by sucrose gradient centrifugation. The specific incorporation of FUrd (2 hr) was compared to that of FUra (6 hr) and labeled uridine incorporation into controls. Compared to its effect on uridine incorporation, TAM produced nearly twice as much FUra incorporation and 3 times as much FUra incorporation into 32 to 45S RNA. Since accumulation of this high-molecular-weight RNA has been associated with fluoropyrimidine toxicity and impaired ribosomal RNA processing, it is believed that TAM enriched the RNA-mediated toxicity of FUra and FUrd in this breast carcinoma cell line. PMID- 6616466 TI - Combined cytotoxic effect of low-dose 5-fluorouracil and hydroxyurea on 9L cells in vitro. AB - Continuous exposure of exponentially growing 9L rat brain tumor cells for 24 hr to a nontoxic dose (0.77 microM) of 5-fluorouracil (5-FUra) produced a progressive increase in S-phase cells from 35% (asynchronous culture) to 70% as shown by DNA histograms based on data obtained by flow cytometry. When 9L cells were treated with the S-phase-specific agent hydroxyurea (1.3 mM) immediately after treatment with 5-FUra, a synergistic cell kill resulted. A centrifugal elutriation study confirmed that enhanced cell kill was caused in part by the S phase synchrony produced by 5-FUra and to the S-phase specificity of hydroxyurea. A higher dose (7.7 microM) of 5-FUra caused a partial G1-S block; subsequent treatment with hydroxyurea also enhanced cell kill, but the enhancement was not related to S-phase synchrony. A centrifugal elutriation study suggested that, after 24-hr treatment with 5-FUra, hydroxyurea might kill both cells in S phase, which has the greater number of clonogenic cells, and kill cells that are in other phases of the cell cycle, including cells blocked at the G1-S border that are vulnerable to the phenomenon of "thymidineless death"; concomitant administration of thymidine along with 5-FUra eliminated enhanced cell kill. PMID- 6616467 TI - Metastatic heterogeneity of cells from Lewis lung carcinoma. AB - To allow investigations of the role of tumor cell proteases in invasion and metastasis, an attempt was made to obtain well-defined homogeneous populations of Lewis Lung carcinoma cells differing widely in their metastatic potential. From a single Lewis lung carcinoma, a parental line of cells was established and subsequently cloned so as to provide 18 clonal tumor cell lines. These clones differed in their ability to produce spontaneous, macroscopically visible metastases in the lung after i.m. inoculation into syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. Several of them were less metastatic than the parental line. The parental line expressed a metastatic behavior close to that of the high-metastatic cell subpopulations that it contained. There was, within certain limits, a good correlation between the potential for spontaneous lung metastases arising from a primary tumor and that for "artificial" lung colonies obtained after i.v. injection of the Lewis lung carcinoma cells. Although positively correlated with the growth rate of the tumor cells, the metastatic ability of the clones could not be considered as a mere reflection of the proliferation rates of the cells constituting the primary tumors. Differences in metastatic behavior observed among clones persisted in several cases after the cells had been maintained in culture for prolonged periods. However, this stability of the clones in vitro was not absolute. Indeed, some subclones isolated from the low-metastatic clone H122 displayed metastatic abilities which were lower than that of the parent clone. Furthermore, a significant increase in metastatic potential was once observed after a prolonged culture period of that same clone, H122. Thus, new metastatic phenotypes can emerged under in vitro culture conditions. However, the relative rarity of this event suggests that some metastatic heterogeneity already preexisted in vivo among the tumor cells. PMID- 6616468 TI - Antitumor effect of actinomycin D entrapped in liposomes bearing subunits of tumor-specific monoclonal immunoglobulin M antibody. AB - Sonicated liposomes containing actinomycin D in the membranes were chemically coated with the subunits of monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody against a mouse mammary tumor-associated antigen (MM antigen) and examined for their in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects against MM46 (MM+) and MM48 (MM-) tumors of C3H/He mouse origin. The antibody-bearing, actinomycin D-containing liposomes (chemoimmunoliposomes) were selectively bound to MM+ tumor cells and showed much more in vitro cytotoxicity against the tumor cells than that shown by free actinomycin D. The in vivo antitumor effect of the chemoimmunoliposomes was tested on the mammary tumor cells (5 X 10(4) to 5 X 10(6) transplanted i.p. into syngeneic mice. A single i.p. injection of the chemoimmunoliposomes containing 0.3, 0.5, or 1 microgram of actinomycin D into MM46 tumor-bearing mice resulted in the cure of some mice and a prolonged survival time in the rest of the mice as compared to results in controls. In this test, free actinomycin D, anti-MM IgM antibody, and bovine serum albumin-coated liposomes containing actinomycin D were marginally effective or ineffective. To examine a systemic antitumor effect of chemoimmunoliposomes, mice were inoculated with MM46 tumor cells and then treated with a single i.v. injection of liposomes 4 days later. If the mice were pretreated with an i.v. injection of unmodified multilamellar liposomes, an injection of the chemoimmunoliposomes containing 1 microgram of actinomycin D resulted in a significant inhibition of tumor growth. Both free actinomycin D and bovine serum albumin-coated liposomes containing actinomycin D were ineffective against the s.c. tumor. These results indicate that an antitumor drug entrapped in the membranes of small sonicated liposomes bearing antitumor monoclonal antibodies can be delivered to antigenic tumor cells and exert more efficient antitumor activity than does the free drug. PMID- 6616469 TI - Stability, characterization, and kinetics of 111In-labeled monoclonal antitumor antibodies in normal animals and nude mouse-human tumor models. AB - Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against carcinoembryonic antigen were successfully radiolabeled with 111In, and the radiopharmaceutical was characterized in vitro and in normal and tumor-bearing mice. The 111In-MoAb proved to be stable in vitro and in vivo under normal conditions, although instability could be induced in vitro with large quantities of iron-free transferrin. Animal distribution studies with 111In-MoAb demonstrated tumor localization superior to 67Ga and pharmacokinetics that were highly similar to those of endogenously labeled 75Se MoAb. The 111In-MoAb followed first-order kinetics and fit a two-compartmental model when studied in nude mice bearing human colon tumors known to express carcinoembryonic antigen. Significant quantities of radiolabel appeared in tissues other than tumor, with liver and skin having the highest concentrations. Sufficient tumor/background ratios were formed for scanning purposes. The data indicate that 111In-MoAb may prove to be effective as a radiopharmaceutical for tumor imaging. PMID- 6616470 TI - Dormancy versus extinction of mouse Leydig cell tumors following endocrine induced regression. AB - Although a majority of malignant testicular Leydig cell tumors induced in the mouse by chronic estrogenization remain dependent upon estrogen stimulation for growth during early transplant generations, we have observed tumors of two lines, no longer growth dependent upon estrogen, that regressed when hosts bearing palpable tumor grafts were given the same dosage of diethylstilbestrol that had induced the original tumors. Both estrogen-"dependent" and -"responsive" tumors were found to possess a similar estrogen receptor system. The present study compares light and electron microscopic changes occurring during regression and determines the ultimate outcome of the process under these seemingly opposite endocrine conditions. The individual neoplastic cells of the dependent tumors decreased in size, mitochondria with typical tubular cristae rapidly converted to a fully condensed configuration, and endoplasmic reticulum, both rough and smooth, as well as polyribosomes gradually disappeared. A few dormant, RNA depleted tumor cells always remained, however. After 5 months of dormancy, mitotic activity was induced in many of these cells in 2 to 3 days by reinstituting estrogen administration. This activity began prior to conversion of the mitochondria to an orthodox configuration, to the accumulation of cytochemically demonstrable RNA, or to the appearance of RNA-containing organelles. These observations suggest that at least many of the dormant tumor "stem" cells had been blocked in G2. Contrariwise, the cytoplasmic volumes of the cells of regressing estrogen-responsive tumors increased with a considerable accumulation of lipid droplets, while alterations of the cytoplasmic organelles were much less marked, the mitochondria retaining their pretherapy morphology. Biochemical studies confirmed the fact that, although DNA synthesis ceased within a few days. RNA synthesis was maintained at a near normal level, at least during the first month of tumor regression, during which time the RNA to DNA ratio increased significantly. After 2 months or more of a sustained complete remission, no tumor cells could be found at the transplantation sites, and removing the estrogenic stimulus did not result in tumor regrowth. In short, the treatment had completely obliterated the cancer. It is concluded, therefore, that the molecular events that result in tumor regression from these diametrically opposite endocrine therapies must differ significantly. Both bring about an abrupt cessation of mitotic activity in the neoplastic cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6616471 TI - Correlation of malignancy with the intracellular Na+:K+ ratio in human thyroid tumors. AB - Energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis was applied on human intraoperative biopsy materials of different thyroid tumors. To ensure suitability of these tissue pieces for quantitative microanalysis in freeze-fractured, freeze-dried bulk specimens, sampling was carried out with strictly defined criteria. Benign adenomas and differentiated and anaplastic carcinomas were selected for the studies on the basis of pathohistological investigations of the same specimen. The results of the tumor cells were compared to those obtained in apparently normal human epithelial cells. The number of normal cells analyzed was 349, whereas in the tumors 408, 423, and 891 cells were measured in the benign, differentiated, and anaplastic groups, respectively. Intracellular monovalent contents were calculated as percentage of cell dry mass; then, Na+:K+ molar ratios were calculated for each cell individually. Due mostly to the increase of Na+ content, the distribution histograms of the Na+:K+ molar ratio show an increase in the number of cells with a higher Na+:K+ ratio with increasing malignancy of the tumors studied. The differences proved to be statistically highly significant by the chi 2 test. Thus, in human thyroid, increasing malignancy is associated with increasing intracellular Na+:K+ ratio. The results give further support to the theory of C. D. Cone (J. Theor. Biol., 30: 151-181, 1971) according to which the sustained depolarization of the cell membrane results in an increased rate of cell division. PMID- 6616472 TI - Morphological studies on V2 carcinoma invasion and tumor-associated connective tissue changes in the rabbit mesentery. AB - The mesentery is a duplicature of the peritoneum consisting of loose connective tissue and covered on both sides by mesothelium. Rabbit V2 carcinoma cells implanted i.p. adhere to the mesenteric surface between contracted mesothelial cells. While invasion from these sites sets in, progressive changes of the connective tissue, reflecting fibroblast stimulation, become apparent and comprise multiplication of connective tissue cells, transformation of fibrocytes into fibroblasts, and enhanced production of fibrillar and nonfibrillar constituents of the extracellular matrix. Tumor invasion into this increasingly dense tissue proceeds in 2 ways. (a) Single cells penetrate into and locomote within the interior, where they divide and give rise to nodules which become surrounded by zones of tissue destruction. (b) Proliferation of surface-attached tumor cells results in the formation of nodules which, preceded by zones of tissue damage, extend into the interior. While evidence for lytic effects in the microenvironment of single tumor cells is lacking, degradation of the fibrillar extracellular matrix is regularly found around tumor nodules and indicates a collective lytic action achieved by tumor cells and, possibly, host cells. These morphological findings are discussed in relation to published bio- and histochemical data on spread of the V2 carcinoma. PMID- 6616473 TI - Gastrin-releasing peptide-related peptides in a human malignant lung carcinoid tumor. AB - Recent immunohistochemical findings have indicated the presence of gastrin releasing peptide in normal and pathological human lungs. Gastrin-releasing peptide is a 27-amino acid peptide isolated from porcine gut which bears considerable carboxyterminal homology with bombesin. We have characterized the gastrin-releasing peptide-like peptides present in a human malignant lung carcinoid tumor by gel chromatography and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Our results show that this tumor did not contain bombesin; however, this tumor expressed a gastrin-releasing peptide-like compound, several amino-terminal fragments, and a carboxy-terminal fragment of gastrin-releasing peptide. PMID- 6616474 TI - Prevention of chronic doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in beagles by liposomal encapsulation. AB - Antitumor drugs such as doxorubicin have been encapsulated into liposomes as a means of enhancing activity and reducing toxicity. The present study was initiated to determine whether chronically administered liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin would be less toxic than the free drug. Doxorubicin was prepared in positively charged cardiolipin liposomes, and 1.75 mg/kg was given i.v. to each of five beagles. A second group received the free drug at 1.75 mg/kg. Additional animals received i.v. injections of either doxorubicin-free liposomes or 0.9% NaCl solution. All substances were given at 3-week intervals, and the experiment ended 1 week after the seventh injection (total dose, 12.25 mg/kg). A temporary reduction in food consumption was noted during the first few days after the administration of either form of doxorubicin. The effect was more severe in the dogs given free doxorubicin, and body weight decreased significantly only in this group of animals. Three dogs given free doxorubicin died or were killed before the end of the study because they were in poor condition. Lesions consisting mainly of vacuolization and myofibrillar loss were noted in the hearts of all five dogs given free doxorubicin. The severity of the lesions ranged from 2 to 4 (average, 3.4). In contrast, no abnormalities were found in any of the hearts from dogs given the liposomal doxorubicin. The most obvious general toxic effect caused by administration of free doxorubicin was alopecia, which was entirely prevented when doxorubicin was encapsulated into liposomes. At the dosage regimen utilized, liposomal doxorubicin and free doxorubicin exerted comparable degrees of bone marrow suppression. Thus, liposomal encapsulation of doxorubicin decreased cardiac and other toxic effects elicited by free doxorubicin. Whether this advantage can be translated into effective antineoplastic activity will need further evaluation. PMID- 6616475 TI - Effects of tumor promoters on the frequency of metallothionein I gene amplification in cells exposed to cadmium. AB - Three potent tumor promoters of different classes, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate, dihydroteleocidin B, and aplysiatoxin, and two moderate tumor promoters, mezerein and debromoaplysiatoxin, enhanced the frequency of appearance of cadmium resistant Chinese hamster lung cells when the cells were exposed to cytotoxic levels of CdCl2. With these compounds, the activity to induce cadmium-resistant cells correlated well with the potency of tumor-promoting activity. Cadmium resistance, which persisted after removal of the tumor promoters, was associated with the overproduction of metallothionein I messenger RNA. The amplified metallothionein I genes were shown by Southern blotting experiments. The relevance of the gene amplification caused by tumor promoters is discussed in relation to cancer development and progression. PMID- 6616476 TI - Characterization of metastatic clones derived from a metastatic variant of mouse colon adenocarcinoma 26. AB - A spontaneously metastatic variant (P-26-select) was selected from the murine colon adenocarcinoma 26 after repeated (26 times) cyclic in vivo passage of tumor cells from the lungs of mice bearing s.c. tumors. Clones were established from the cultured P-26-select cell line. These clones, the parent [P-no-select (culture cell line of colon 26 without in vivo selection)] and the metastatic variant (P-26-select) were then studied using three different assays to determine their metastatic potential. These assays included experimental metastasis, spontaneous metastasis from a nonresected s.c. growing tumor, and spontaneous metastasis following the resection of a primary footpad tumor. In general, there was an agreement among the results of these three assays of metastases, i.e., if a variant was spontaneously metastatic, it was also metastatic in the other assays of metastases. However, some experimentally metastatic clones did not necessarily show a high spontaneous metastatic potential to the lung. These results might indicate that the metastatic variant (P-26-select) is populated by spontaneously metastatic clones and also by clones which possess a propensity to metastasize experimentally. The morphology and growth properties of the clones were compared also. PMID- 6616477 TI - Effect of retinoic acid on the growth and morphology of a prostatic adenocarcinoma cell line cloned for the retinoid inducibility of alkaline phosphatase. AB - Cells derived from the G-subline of the Dunning R-3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma were selected on the basis of their inducibility for alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity by retinoic acid. A p-nitrophenylphosphate-agarose overlay procedure was used to identify AP-inducible clones. The frequency of AP inducible cells in one rapidly growing tumorigenic clone, designated 9-1C, has remained at 100% during at least 4 months of continuous culture. In culture, 9-1C cells had a mean population-doubling time in log phase of 14 hr. Retinoic acid (10 microM) did not significantly affect the rate of growth in log phase. It did, however, cause the cultures to saturate at a cell density which was 40% lower than that of control cultures. This effect on saturation density was reversible within 24 hr after removing retinoic acid from the medium. Retinoic acid-treated cells occupied greater areas on the culture dish surface, and the cross-sectional area of these cells, measured on dispersed cells by light-scatter flow cytometry, was 35 to 40% greater than that of control cells. The inducibility of 9-1C cells for AP activity decreased as the culture density increased. Cells of the 9-1C clone produced tumors when injected into male and female Fischer X Copenhagen F1 rats. No histological differences were detected between tumors grown in male and female rats. Although the tumors were poorly differentiated, primitive acinar like structures were observed. Cells staining uniformly positive for AP activity were distributed randomly throughout the tumors. In the acinar-like structures, AP activity was localized only on the apical surfaces of the cells lining the lumens. This was also the site of enzyme activity in acini of the lateral component of the dorsolateral prostate, the source of the original R-3327 tumor. In the lateral prostatic component, AP activity was also found in the basal region of the acini, and the secretory material filling the lumens was strongly positive for the enzyme. These two regions of the tumor acini were negative for AP activity. With the exception of activity in capillaries at the basal surface, the acini of the dorsal component of the dorsolateral prostate were devoid of AP activity. PMID- 6616478 TI - New method to quantitate clonogenic tumor cells in the blood circulation of mice. AB - A bioassay method to quantitate "clonogenic" tumor cells released into the blood circulation from murine primary tumors is described. The method uses preirradiation of the thorax of the tumor-bearing mice, followed 22 hr later by preparation and culture of a lung cell suspension which contains filtered tumor cells from the blood. The malignant cells form colonies. Our results indicate that the number of "clonogenic" tumor cells in the blood circulation can be quantitated efficiently using only a few mice. This is a major advantage, since previous studies were limited by small amounts of available blood and somewhat uncertain techniques for identification of blood-borne tumor cells. The present method allows us to evaluate "clonogenic" tumor cells and tumorigenicity, which microscopical identification of tumor cells after filtration of a small amount of blood does not permit. PMID- 6616479 TI - Establishment of different clonal strains from a human sarcoma of the stomach: tumorigenic heterogeneity in athymic nude mice. AB - Twenty five clonal strains have been isolated from a single human sarcoma of the stomach. Two different types of clones have been recognized by their morphology and behavior in vitro. Type I clones were characterized by criss-crossed arrays and multilayers with high terminal density. Type II clones grew in a well organized monolayer with lower saturation density. Although both types of clones exhibited fibroblastic appearance, type I clones showed a more rounded, refractile shape. The cells of this type showed multiple regions of criss-crossed arrays and multilayers throughout the culture vessels. Saturation density of this type of clone was 2- to 3-fold (1.7 to 2.1 X 10(5) cells/sq cm) higher than that of type II clones. Chromosomal analysis revealed that type I clones were human aneuploid ones with modal chromosome numbers ranging from 51 to 61. With the exception of clones 11 and 19, type I clones were able to produce tumors in athymic nude mice when injected s.c. Type II clones exhibited a more flattened and elongated appearance. The cells grew in a well-organized monolayer resembling fingerprint whorls. They showed lower saturation density (0.7 to 0.9 X 10(5) cells/sq cm). Chromosomal examinations revealed the clones to be human aneuploid ones with modal numbers from 47 to 54. Tumor formation was not observed in nude mice given injections of this type of cell. Both types of clones did not bear antigens cross-reacting with the antiserum against mouse spleen cells but had surface antigens which were affected by the antibody against HL-60 cells and complement. These results suggested that this human sarcoma was heterologous and that cells with widely different tumorigenic potential preexisted in the parental cell population. PMID- 6616480 TI - New histochemical method for measuring intratumoral macrophages and macrophage recruitment into experimental metastases. AB - A new double-label histochemical method is described which permits accurate quantitation of macrophage recruitment into neoplastic lesions in situ. Intratumoral macrophages are identified by their capacity to ingest colloidal iron particles from the interstitial fluid. Since colloidal iron is retained in a stable form within these cells for a considerable time, new macrophages that emigrate into the tissue after injection of the colloidal iron are identified by their ability to ingest a second colloid (lanthanum) which can be reliably distinguished from the initial iron label. Preexisting (colloidal iron label) and newly recruited macrophages (lanthanum label) are identified in serial sections by histochemical methods using hydrogen peroxide oxidation to detect iron (blue reaction product) and cleavage of phosphate esters to demonstrate lanthanum (magenta reaction product). The macrophage content and macrophage recruitment were found to vary substantially in individual metastases within the same host. PMID- 6616481 TI - Phenotypic characteristics of cells derived from precursors of human melanoma. AB - Of 66 specimens from benign melanocytic nevi, including common acquired and congenital nevi, Spitz tumors (epithelioid cell nevi), and melanocytic nevi with dysplasia, 57 could be grown in tissue culture. The cultured cells were identified as melanocytes by the presence of premelanosomes and melanosomes. Cells from 28 of 32 nevus cultures grew in an anchorage-independent way in soft agar with a colony-forming efficiency between 0.001 and 1%. Clones derived from single cells and soft agar-selected colonies showed marked phenotypic heterogeneity, but all had a limited life span and did not undergo transformation in culture. These cells were nontumorigenic in nude mice. Cultured nevus cells expressed antigens present on melanoma but absent on normal fibroblasts and/or melanocytes as tested with monoclonal anti-melanoma antibodies. The anti-melanoma antibodies bound equally well to dysplastic, congenital, and common acquired nevi. Antigens are released by nevus cells similar to melanoma cells. PMID- 6616482 TI - Tumor promoter actions on rat embryonic development in culture. AB - The many embryonic and developmental features associated with tumor promotion have prompted us to investigate the effects of a series of phorbol esters and related diterpene tumor promoters on mammalian embryogenesis. A culture system which supports the normal development of 10.4 day organogenesis-phase rat conceptuses was utilized. In this system, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a potent Stage I and II promoter, disrupted the morphology and function of the embryonic visceral yolk sac (dose required to affect 50% of conceptuses, 18 nM). The effect was characterized by an abnormal, progressive separation of the two cellular layers of the yolk sac, but cellular differentiation appeared to be uninterrupted. Parallel log dose-response lines for this effect were produced by phorbol-12,13-dibenzoate (dose required to affect 50% of conceptuses, 200 nM) and phorbol-12,13-diacetate (dose required to affect 50% of conceptuses, 300 nM) which are consistent with structure-activity relationships for other promotional actions of these compounds. In addition, the weak Stage I promoter, 4-O-methyl-12 O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, produced identical effects but was 1400 times less potent than was TPA, while mezerein, a potent Stage II promoter, was as potent as was TPA. These observations support the hypothesis that embryonic cells may be differentially sensitive to early- and late-stage promoters. Ethylphenylpropiolate, a nonpromoting hyperplastic agent in mouse skin, had no effect on yolk sac morphology or function at its maximum solubility (1.85 mM). Yolk sac disruption by TPA was potentiated by heat inactivation (56 degrees, 30 min) or 0.45-micron filtration of the culture medium. A more advanced stage of yolk sac development was less sensitive to TPA disruption since 11.4 day conceptuses, which were cultured for 30 hr, developed identical lesions, but TPA was at least 5-fold less potent. Thus, the tumor promoter-induced lesions of the rat yolk sac have some features consistent with late-stage tumor promotion and do not appear to be associated with general toxicity, hyperplasia, or alterations in cellular differentiation. We postulate that rat conceptuses maintained in vitro may provide an important model system for the study of the proposed mechanisms involved in chemical tumor promotion. PMID- 6616483 TI - Effects of a tumor promoter on phospholipid metabolism in HeLa cells. AB - The tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) caused a marked stimulation of inorganic [32P]orthophosphate incorporation into HeLa-cell phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and lysophosphatidylethanolamine. The increased incorporation of inorganic [32P]orthophosphate into PE and lysophosphatidylethanolamine in the presence of TPA was not associated with an increase in PE synthesis as detected by the incorporation of [3H]serine or [3H]ethanolamine. The PC-specific exchange protein from beef liver was used to insert PC labeled with [3H]choline, inorganic [32P]orthophosphate, or [14C]arachidonic acid plus [3H]palmitic acid into the outer monolayer of intact HeLa cell membranes. Radioactivity from the latter two compounds was rapidly incorporated into PE and lysophosphatidylethanolamine; the incorporation was stimulated by TPA. It was concluded that TPA stimulated the formation of PE by base exchange between ethanolamine and PC. PMID- 6616484 TI - Endogenous formation of N-nitrosoproline in cigarette smokers. AB - It was the goal of this study to assay the potential of inhaled cigarette smoke for endogenous N-nitrosation of amines in smokers by means of measuring urinary excretion of N-nitrosoproline (NPRO). For 12 days, nonsmoking and smoking men were placed on a controlled diet which was relatively low in proline and in ascorbic acid. On Days 1 through 3, the volunteers received the controlled diet alone (Group 1); on Days 4 through 6, the diet was supplemented by a single daily dose of 300 mg of proline (Group 2); on Days 7 through 9, the diet was supplemented by a single daily dose of 1 g of ascorbic acid followed by 300 mg of proline (Group 3); and for the last 3 days, a single daily dose of 1 g ascorbic acid was given (Group 4). Collections of 24-hr urine were made on Days 3, 6, 9, and 12 of the study. The urine was analyzed for NPRO and creatinine and for cotinine, the major metabolite of nicotine. The mean 24-hr NPRO excretion for 13 nonsmokers in Group 1 was 3.6 micrograms. The NPRO excretion in 13 smokers in Group 1 was found to be 5.9 micrograms/24 hr, which is significantly higher than that of the nonsmokers (p less than 0.05). Urinary NPRO in 14 nonsmokers of Group 2 was significantly lower than that of the 14 smoking volunteers (p less than 0.05). Data for Group 3 indicated that those smokers who had shown elevated NPRO excretion in Group 2 had reduced urinary levels of NPRO as a consequence of ascorbic acid intake. Differences in NPRO excretion by smokers and nonsmokers on controlled diet with ascorbic acid but without proline supplements (Group 4) were also insignificant. These findings suggest that the documented endogenous N nitrosation of proline which occurs as a result of cigarette smoke inhalation may also apply to other N-nitrosatable amines including nicotine and thus lead to in vivo formation of carcinogenic N-nitrosamines. PMID- 6616485 TI - Randomized controlled study of adjuvant immunotherapy with Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton for inoperable lung cancer. AB - In order to evaluate the clinical benefit of Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (N CWS), a randomized controlled study was performed with inoperable lung cancer patients entered in 5 institutions from October 1978 to June 1981. Patients without pleural effusions were treated initially with conventional therapies such as chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, according to common protocol, and then patients in performance statuses 0 to 3 were randomized into control and N-CWS groups with stratification into 16 categories according to 4 histological types and 4 clinical stages In the N-CWS group, 400 micrograms N-CWS were initially injected once or twice into the bronchial tumor using a fiberoptic bronchoscope, and subsequently 200 micrograms of N-CWS were injected at monthly intervals into the skin from the shoulders to upper arms. Of 309 patients, 118 patients in the N CWS group and 108 patients in the control group were eligible for statistical analysis. There was statistically no significant difference in survival rate between the control and the N-CWS groups. According to histological type, significant prolongation of the survival period was observed in patients with small-cell carcinoma. The 97 patients with pleural effusions were initially randomized into control and N-CWS groups. In the control group, local chemotherapy with Adriamycin was performed and, in the N-CWS group, local administrations and monthly intracutaneous injections of N-CWS were given. Tube thoracostomy was performed in both groups. The local response rate was statistically greater in the N-CWS group than in the control group, and survival period was also prolonged significantly in the N-CWS group. The main adverse reactions to N-CWS were skin lesions in the injected sites and fever, but these were temporary and not serious. PMID- 6616486 TI - Tumor localization in patients by radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies against colon carcinoma. AB - A radiolabeled monoclonal antibody (MAb) that has been shown to react specifically in vitro and ex vivo to human colorectal carcinoma and to inhibit growth of human carcinomas grafted in nude mice was administered to 52 colorectal carcinoma patients and 15 patients with other types of cancer. Of 63 colorectal carcinoma tumor sites studied, 34 showed significant accumulation of antibody by external photoscanning and tomoscintigraphy, whereas none of the 20 sites of other cancer types gave positive results. One-third of the patients received F(ab')2 fragments of the MAb, which gave a slightly higher percentage (61%) of positive results than did intact MAbs (51%). A few patients scheduled for tumor resection were given injections simultaneously of 131I-labeled MAb and 125I labeled normal immunoglobulin G. Antibody concentration in resected tumors was 3.6 to 6.3 times higher than the average antibody concentration in adjacent normal tissues (1.5, 3.4, and 9.4 as compared with normal mucosa, serosa, and fat, respectively), and the specificity indices, calculated by differential radioactivity analysis, ranged from 2.1 to 5.1. The results show the potential value and limitations of this particular MAb for tumor detection by immunoscintigraphy. PMID- 6616487 TI - 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced effects in fibroblasts from humans predisposed to colon cancer. PMID- 6616488 TI - Synthesis of antigens, cross-reactive with bovine serum albumin, by cultured neuroblastoma cells. PMID- 6616489 TI - Meeting report. Multiple primary neoplasms. A workshop sponsored by U.S.-Japan Cooperative Cancer Program, February 17-18, 1983, Oiso, Japan. PMID- 6616490 TI - A National Institutes of Health Workshop report. Free radicals in promotion--a chemical pathology study section workshop. PMID- 6616491 TI - Human mammary tumor growth promotion by medroxyprogesterone acetate in the tumor stem cell clonogenic assay. PMID- 6616492 TI - Model studies in adjuvant chemotherapy. AB - We have focused on three aspects of adjuvant chemotherapy applied to mice with one of the metastasizing tumors: Lewis lung carcinoma (LL) or mammary carcinoma 2661 (M2661). The first aspect concerned the timing of adjuvant chemotherapy. To investigate this, tumor-bearing mice were treated postoperatively with cyclophosphamide using a standard regimen. In M2661, adjuvant therapy was marginally effective in contrast to the clearly significant results obtained in LL. Any delay in the initiation of adjuvant therapy decreased the efficacy of the treatment. The effect of administering chemotherapy before surgery was also studied; normally, marginally effective adjuvant therapy was found to become effective when started preoperatively in M2661. In LL, effective adjuvant therapy was found to become less effective when started preoperatively. The second aspect considered was the comparability between the increase in relapse-free survival time and the increase in cure rate as alternate goals of adjuvant therapy. To study this, mice with small, medium, or large residual tumor loads were subjected to surgery and subsequently treated with cyclophosphamide. While the effect of adjuvant therapy on the cure rate increased proportionally with decreasing tumor load, the increase in lifespan in nonsurvivors was not related to tumor load. The final aspect of study was the selection procedure for drugs to be applied in adjuvant treatment in our models. Taking the volume response of large tumors as being predictive for the successful use of the same agent in adjuvant therapy, we obtained both false-negative and false-positive results in our tumor lines. PMID- 6616493 TI - Evidence of possible dose-dependent doxorubicin plasma kinetics in man. AB - The published plasma clearance profiles of doxorubicin in man (with differing liver status) have been analyzed further using a kinetic model instead of a linear regression model. At high (60 mg/m2 and 45 mg/m2) and intermediate (30 mg/m2) doxorubicin dose levels, a triphasic drug clearance pattern is apparent. However, at a low dose level (15 mg/m2), a biphasic profile can adequately describe the kinetics. This association of the kinetics with drug dose has been demonstrated in several ways, the simplest of which involves graphic overlaying of juxtaposed plasma clearances, and shows the emergence of a kinetic profile for low dose levels that is markedly different from that at high dose levels. At doses greater than about 45 mg/m2, a probable saturation of response mechanisms is observed. It is not possible to interpret these results in terms of pure dose dependent responses because of the varying health status of the individual subjects between and within experimental treatment. However, in light of our findings further investigation into the possibility of such an effect should be undertaken, particularly in view of its clinical ramifications. PMID- 6616494 TI - Practical side of multistage clinical trials for screening new agents. AB - Coordinating center operations are recommended for carrying out multistage phase II clinical trials in oncology. The relevant statistical issues in designing phase II trials are summarized. The predictive probability approach to multistage design is briefly described, along with an interactive computer program that facilitates design selection. A multistage trial monitoring form is described, along with data manager-biostatistician responsibilities for monitoring the trial for possible early termination. Procedures are recommended for dealing with patients who cannot be evaluated by response, for minimizing or eliminating selection bias introduced by clinician knowledge of interim results, and for minimizing clinician tendency to report responding patients sooner than those not responding. PMID- 6616495 TI - Management of patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of unknown origin: a Southwest Oncology Group study. AB - The Southwest Oncology Group evaluated 51 patients with a histologic diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma and an occult primary tumor. Even though all patients received an extensive diagnostic evaluation, only six (12%) primary sites were found. Thirty-six patients whose primary tumor sites remained occult were randomized to receive either 5-FU or combination chemotherapy (5-FU, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide [FAC]). There were no responses in either group. The median survival with 5-FU was 105 days and with FAC was 95 days. Toxicity with FAC was more common and more severe. PMID- 6616497 TI - Phase I-II evaluation of acronine in patients with multiple myeloma. PMID- 6616496 TI - Phase II trial of mitoguazone in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. AB - We used mitoguazone (500 mg/m2 iv weekly, with 50-mg/m2 escalations weekly as tolerated) to treat 22 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck which recurred after initial therapy. Nine of 22 (11%) patients responded: two had complete responses and seven had partial responses. Gastrointestinal toxicity and anemia were commonly seen. We conclude that mitoguazone is active in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and should be incorporated into phase III trials. PMID- 6616498 TI - Cancer and leukemia group B phase II non-small cell lung carcinoma trial: aziridinylbenzoquinone (AZQ). PMID- 6616499 TI - Use of the KB cell line for in vitro cytotoxicity assays. PMID- 6616500 TI - Intermittent antiestrogen therapy in advanced breast cancer. PMID- 6616501 TI - Angina pectoris after doxorubicin and mitomycin therapy. PMID- 6616502 TI - Ordered synthesis and degradation of liver glycogen involving 2-amino-2-deoxy-D glucose. AB - The incorporation of 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose from precursor 2-amino-2-deoxy-D galactose into liver glycogen has been shown to be a metabolically inhomogeneous process after starvation. The protein-to-polysaccharide ratio is also heterogeneous with respect to molecular size, and enhanced overall as compared to normal glycogen. The results are discussed from the viewpoint of a molecular order in the synthesis and degradation of liver glycogen. PMID- 6616503 TI - Determination of the structure of three oligosaccharides from normal human urine by using 60-MHz, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AB - The detailed structures of three trisaccharides obtained from normal, human urine were determined by 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These compounds are alpha-NeuAc-(2 leads to 3)-beta-D-Gal-(1 leads to 4)-D-Glc, alpha-NeuAc-(2 leads to 6)-beta-D-Gal-(1 leads to 4)-D-GlcNAc (2), and alpha-NeuAc(2 leads to 3) beta-D-Gal-(1 leads to 4)-D-GlcNAc (3). Trisaccharide 3 has not previously been reported in normal, human urine. The elucidation of these structures by using 13C n.m.r. spectroscopy is discussed in detail. Some unusual, chemical-shift values found for structure 2 are related to intramolecular interactions between the NeuAc and GlcNAc residues, and may indicate that 2 has a unique conformation. The potential use of these trisaccharides as model compounds in 13C-n.m.r.-spectral studies of intact glycoproteins is critically evaluated. Like 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy, this technique demonstrates elucidation of the structures of mixtures of oligosaccharides or of glycopeptides that have very closely related structures. PMID- 6616504 TI - Androgens as promoters of colon carcinogenesis. AB - The effects of androgens on colon carcinogenesis were studied in 90 male Fisher 344 rats, given 10 weekly subcutaneous (SC) injections of 7.5 mg azoxymethane (AOM)/kg body weight, starting at 12 weeks of age. Thirty rats received the AOM course only (AOM only). Thirty rats were gonadectomized at 10 weeks of age and underwent the AOM course (castrated). In 30 additional castrated rats, hormone substitution was achieved by sc injection of 1 mg dehydrotestosterone (DHT) three times a week for 12 weeks. AOM was given concommitantly, starting at 12 weeks of age (castrated and hormone substituted). Animals were sacrificed 25 weeks after first AOM injection. As assessed by weekly body weight data and periodic serum determinations of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), castrated animals showed a delayed onset of colonic carcinogenesis, compared to AOM-only-treated and hormone substituted animals. Castration resulted in a decrease of mean tumor size as well as overall incidence of colonic tumors, compared to that observed AOM-only and castrated and hormone-substituted group, respectively (27 vs 47 vs 53%). Castration also resulted in lower mean serum CEA levels at the end of experiment than in the AOM-only and castrated and hormone-substituted group. These findings suggest a promoting effect of androgens in colon carcinogenesis. PMID- 6616505 TI - Cholecystokinin inhibits pancreatic and hepatic carcinogenesis. AB - Cholecystokinin (CCK) has trophic actions on abdominal viscera. To determine whether CCK enhances malignant growth in a similar fashion, we gave hamsters CCK together with di-isopropanol nitrosamine (DIPN), a known pancreatic and hepatic carcinogen. After 40 weeks of injections, those animals receiving both DIPN and CCK developed no cancers, while the control animals receiving DIPN alone developed pancreatic and hepatic carcinomas. This suggests that CCK inhibits carcinogenesis in this model. Although the mechanism of this effect is unknown, some implications for human carcinogenesis are testable by currently available methods. PMID- 6616506 TI - Early angiographic features of right ventricular endomyocardial fibrosis. AB - Right ventricular (RV) angiograms were done in 45 patients with left ventricular (LV) endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF). 34 patients had angiographic features compatible with the diagnosis of RV and LV EMF. 11 patients showed the angiographic features of EMF on the left side, but did not show the classical angiographic features on the right side. The RV angiograms of these 11 patients showed a disturbance of the normal parenchymal pattern along the septal margin, irregular small filling defects near the apex and the septal region and minimal tricuspid regurgitation. Biopsies from the RV taken from 2 of these patients during operation for mitral valve replacement had histological features compatible with the diagnosis of EMF on the right side also. This study demonstrates that the early angiographic features of RV EMF differ from those of well-established cases already described in the literature, and that it is possible to spot RV EMF well before the conventional features appear in RV angiograms. PMID- 6616507 TI - Echocardiographic evidence of increased mitral-aortic separation in discrete subaortic stenosis. AB - The present study reports the two-dimensional echocardiographic pattern of 6 patients affected by discrete subaortic stenosis. The diagnosis was proven at cardiac catheterization. The echocardiographic picture was characterized by a deformity of the left ventricular outflow tract due to an inward-protruding upper septum and to an elongated and domed mitral-aortic separation. The latter finding has been described in anatomic studies but has never been reported with wide angle echocardiography. PMID- 6616508 TI - Localization of accessory pathways in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome by phase imaging. AB - Phase image analysis of blood pool scintigrams was performed in 6 patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome to determine the relationship of phase changes and abnormalities of atrioventricular conduction. The site of preexcitation was located by invasive endocardial mapping. The phase advance generally correlated with the electrophysiologically determined location of the accessory pathway. Factors which increase or decrease the amount of preexcitation also increased or decreased the advance of mean phase angles. Phase imaging is a useful noninvasive means for tentative location of accessory pathways in WPW syndrome. PMID- 6616509 TI - Thallium-201 imaging after dipyridamole in patients with coronary multivessel disease. AB - In 60 patients with angiographically documented 2- or 3-vessel disease (at least 70%) thallium-201 images after dipyridamole (0.50 mg/kg bodyweight i.v.) and 4 h later were obtained. In 95% of the patients stress perfusion defects were found. In 48% of the cases scintigraphy correctly diagnosed the presence of multivessel disease, but in only 30% of the patients were all angiographically narrowed vessels detected. The reliability of the method was much higher in the detection of 'infarct stenoses' (96%) than of 'noninfarct stenoses' (46%). The regional sensitivity to assess stenoses of the left anterior descending artery (75%) and right coronary artery (73%) was greater than in stenoses of the left circumflex artery (37%). Thallium-201 scintigraphy after dipyridamole is a sensitive method for diagnosing the presence of coronary artery disease. The diagnostic value is severely limited however by the fact that coronary vasodilation may provoke perfusion abnormalities only in the most ischemic regions, whereas perfusion defects in other areas may not be detectable. Therefore this method does not allow the precise quantitation of all coronary stenoses in the majority of patients. PMID- 6616510 TI - Early cardiac evaluation of thoracically conjoined twins. AB - Thoracopagus conjoined twins were delivered at 31 weeks gestation by cesarean section. Although there was a single heart, the possibility of salvaging one twin only was contemplated. Echocardiography revealed an A-V canal and suspected transposition of the great vessels. To determine the possibility of surgery, cardiac catheterization was performed to rule out other congenital cardiac malformations incompatible with life, and also to delineate the exact anatomy of the great vessels of the heart. Unfortunately, complex congenital abnormalities were found, thus excluding the possibility of surgery. Newly delivered conjoined twins should be regarded as potentially correctable and should be promptly investigated while they are yet in good clinical condition. PMID- 6616511 TI - Postpericardiectomy syndrome in a patient with radiation-induced pericardial effusion. AB - A 30-year-old man with mild exertional dyspnea of recent (2 months) onset was found to have a massive pericardial effusion. The patient had received mediastinal irradiation for Hodgkin's disease over 9 years previously. No evidence of recurrent lymphoma or other causes of pericarditis could be found. Following subtotal pericardiectomy, the patient developed a syndrome characterized by precordial discomfort, low-grade fever, tachycardia, and friction rubs. The electrocardiogram, normal preoperatively, showed diffusely negative T waves. Antimyocardial antibodies appeared in the serum. The syndrome, a hitherto unrecognized sequela of pericardiectomy, is interpreted as a mediastinoepicarditis, of possibly autoimmune origin. PMID- 6616512 TI - Short-term reproducibility of ergometric parameters in functional stress test after recent myocardial infarction. AB - In order to assess the short-term reproducibility of the most important ergometric parameters, 108 males (mean age 50.3 +/- 7.8 years) underwent a functional stress test (FST) on average 35 days after myocardial infarction. The exercise test was repeated 3 days later in the same conditions. Patients were fasting and in pharmacological washout. The following parameters were analyzed: total work performed (TWP), VO2, heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), arrhythmias and S-T segment depression and elevation. TWP and VO2 values did not show any significant difference during the two tests under the various workloads. HR and SBP responses proved to be well reproducible in patients with HR and SBP not exceeding the mean values obtained from 222 normal subjects who underwent the same exercise test by more than +/- 1 SD; reproducibility was significantly lower in the other patients, particularly in patients with HR and SBP exceeding normal values by more than +/- 1 SD. Therefore, in this case, further FST are necessary to obtain more reliable parameters to decide on individual pharmacological and exercise prescriptions. Arrhythmias were reproducible up to 67% (p less than 0.01) regardless of Lown's class and the presence of S-T segment depression or elevation. S-T segment depression or elevation was reproducible up to 100%. PMID- 6616513 TI - Coronary artery spasm and thrombosis. PMID- 6616514 TI - The role of coronary artery spasm in unstable angina pectoris. PMID- 6616515 TI - The normal regulation of coronary blood flow. PMID- 6616516 TI - Intimal hyperplasia in arterial autogenous vein grafts: a new animal model. AB - A new animal model is presented, in which the changes in arterial autogenous vein grafts in rabbits can be studied. Intimal hyperplasia has developed four weeks after grafting. The thickness of the intima has been measured at this time. The potential uses of the model are discussed. PMID- 6616517 TI - Metabolic and flow correlates of myocardial ischaemia. AB - Seven hundred and twenty three biopsies were obtained from 20 dogs after coronary artery ligation for 5, 30, 45, 60 or 120 min (n = 4 dogs for each group). Paired values for blood flow (radioactive microspheres) and tissue ATP content were obtained for each biopsy and related to the duration of ischaemia. Three states of ischaemic injury could be recognised. In the first, designated as "tolerable" ischaemia, coronary flow was reduced by up to 50%. In this flow band, ATP depletion was relatively small and time-independent. If flow was reduced by 60 to 80%, a state of "critical" ischaemia was identified where ATP depletion was both flow- and time-dependent and, in this relatively narrow range, small changes in flow or duration could result in major changes in ATP depletion. With severe flow reductions of greater than 80%, designated as "lethal" ischaemia, a complex pattern emerged such that with up to 30 min of ischaemia, ATP fell progressively with increasing time and flow deprivation. Between 30 and 45 min ATP depletion accelerated and beyond 45 min the time-dependency disappeared with tissue ATP content remaining relatively constant at a severely depressed level for several hours. All of these results are discussed in the light of earlier proposals (disputed) that tissue injury as expressed by ATP depletion can be predicted by the product of ischaemic duration and flow deprivation. PMID- 6616518 TI - Colchicine stimulates the rate of contraction of heart cells in culture. AB - Microtubules have been demonstrated in intact heart muscle as well as in cultured myocytes. To better understand what role these filaments may be playing in the regulation of cardiac function we have used the microtubule disrupting agent colchicine and examined its effect upon the rate of beating of rat heart cells. Colchicine, but not the inactive stereoisomer lumicolchicine, increased the myocyte rate of spontaneous contraction in a dose dependent manner. This effect was clearly distinguishable from the positive chronotropic effect of isoprenaline and unlike isoprenaline was not blocked by propranolol. Colchicine was without effect on the in vitro activity of adenylate cyclase assayed in a myocyte homogenate. The binding of 3H-colchicine to cultured heart cells increased with a time course consistent with the increase in heart rate. Subcellular distribution and sephadex gel chromatography demonstrated that approximately 30% of the cell associated colchicine comigrated with tubulin. Measurements of total myocyte tubulin by 3H-colchicine binding indicated that tubulin represents about 0.04% of the total heart cell protein. PMID- 6616519 TI - A blood analogue for the experimental study of flow-related thrombosis at prosthetic heart valves. AB - It is shown that a flowing mixture of unpasteurised cow's milk, rennet and calcium chloride will deposit solid clot in vitro in the neighbourhood of certain kinds of flow obstruction and hydrodynamic disturbance particularly associated with deposition and thrombus formation in a similar stream of blood. The milk and blood deposits are similar in physical structure, both on a microscopic and a gross scales. For established kinds of artificial heart valves, the growth sequence and developed patterns of milk clotting obtained in vitro with pulsatile flows at physiological rates closely resemble patterns of thrombus reported clinically for valves of the same type in vivo. It appears that these phenomena, for which a tentative explanation is outlined, can form the basis of a convenient and rapid experimental method for evaluating in vitro the effects of design changes on the thrombogenicity of artificial heart valves and other cardiovascular devices in vivo. The milk system also shows promise as an aid in fundamental experimental studies of mechanisms of flow-related thrombosis. PMID- 6616521 TI - Two different metabolic responses to ischaemia: inherent variability or artefact? AB - Guinea pig hearts, perfused with (5-3H) glucose (8 mmol . litre-1) and subjected to 30 min of reduced (6%) coronary flow, exhibited two distinctly different metabolic and electrophysiological responses to ischaemia. In 22 of the 50 hearts studied (Group 1) glucose utilisation declined during ischaemia from 2.5 +/- 0.2 to 1.3 +/- 0.2 mumol . litre-1 . g-1 dry wt. In these hearts, endogenous substrates such as glucogen and triglyceride were mobilised and, although input into glycolysis may have been initially increased through accelerated glycogenolysis, estimated glycolytic flux (1.7 +/- 0.1 mumol hexose . min-1 . g-1 dry wt) remained limited. Instead, there was a large accumulation of the intermediates of glycolysis, an increase in the content of AMP and cAMP and a particularly marked decline in creatine phosphate levels. With subsequent reperfusion, these hearts all fibrillated. In contrast, in the other 28 hearts (Group 2) glucose utilisation (5.1 +/- 0.4 mumol . min-1 . g-1 dry wt) and estimated glycolytic flux (4.1 +/- 0.01 mumol hexose . min-1 . g-1 dry wt) were increased during ischaemia. In these preparations, relatively little glycogen and triglyceride were utilised, and there was less accumulation of glycolytic intermediates. Further, lower levels of AMP and cAMP were observed and creatine phosphate: creatine ratios were better maintained. These hearts did not fibrillate during reperfusion. Thus the variable susceptibility of the myocardium to ischaemic damage, as evidenced by the random incidence of ventricular fibrillation during reperfusion, may have been related to two distinctly different metabolic responses to restricted perfusion. PMID- 6616520 TI - Ca2+-free perfusion of isolated rat heart: early irreversible changes and discrepancy between functional impairments and release of cellular constituents. AB - The effects of repeated (10 X), brief Ca2+-free perfusions (20 to 120 s) on myocardial contractility, coronary flow and release of cellular constituents of isolated rat heart were investigated. Ten successive Ca2+-deprivations of 20 or 40 s had no irreversible influences on cardiac performance. Ca2+-deprivations, however, of 60 s or longer, resulted in a substantial depression of contractile activity during recovery, which effect was parallelled by the development of myocardial contracture. Both effects appeared to be additive in character (and thus irreversible) and were dependent upon the duration and number of Ca2+ deprivations. The effect on coronary flow was biphasic: after an initial, rapid increase coronary flow steadily declined and was almost normal at the end of the experiments. The release of cellular constituents into the coronary effluent only occurred during reperfusion with Ca2+ after Ca2+-free periods of 60 s or longer. This loss of cellular material from the heart was observed mainly after the first Ca2+-deprivation and was only small or even negligible during the subsequent Ca2+ deprivations. The overall release of cellular material was clearly dependent on the duration of the Ca2+-free period, but was badly related to the overall loss in contractile activity. It was concluded that a relatively brief Ca2+-free perfusion period may induce a small but irreversible damage to the heart. This damage becomes visible, and more deleterious, when the brief Ca2+-washout is repeated several times. In addition, it was concluded that Ca2+-free-induced functional impairments and the release of cellular constituents of the heart are badly correlated and may be caused by two separate, but probably interrelated, mechanisms. PMID- 6616522 TI - Estimation of instantaneous blood flow through a rigid, coronary artery stenosis in anaesthetised domestic swine. PMID- 6616523 TI - A systemic hemodynamic evaluation of indapamide. AB - The hemodynamic effects of indapamide were evaluated in an open clinical trial of nine patients with mild to moderate hypertension. Hemodynamic and echocardiographic measurements were made before and after six weeks of treatment with single daily doses of 2.5 mg of indapamide. Indapamide significantly reduced the mean standing systolic blood pressure (P less than 0.025), the mean standing diastolic blood pressure (P less than 0.01), the mean arterial blood pressure (P less than 0.001), and the mean total peripheral vascular resistance (P less than 0.01). Cardiac output increased 12% (P less than 0.05) during treatment. The heart rate, left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, systolic volume, and ejection fraction were not markedly altered after treatment with indapamide, although the systolic wall stress index fell slightly. Six weeks of indapamide administration was well tolerated with no notable adverse effects of the drug. The results suggest that indapamide reduces arterial blood pressure in hypertensive patients by decreasing total peripheral resistance. PMID- 6616524 TI - Evaluation of cochlear toxicity of aminoglycoside antibiotics in guinea pigs by scanning electron microscopy. AB - The cochlear toxicities of six aminoglycoside antibiotics were functionally and morphologically evaluated in guinea pigs. Forty-six Hartley strain guinea pigs were allocated into seven groups, including a control, and given intramuscular injections of one of the drugs or saline solution daily for 28 days. The hearing thresholds of all the animals were measured by the differential frequency pinna reflex test before, during, and after treatment to assess changes in cochlear function. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine morphological changes in the cochlea after treatment and to detect degenerative changes in the auditory hairs of the basal turn. The results obtained from the functional and morphological examinations were well correlated, indicating the most severe changes in animals given gentamicin followed, in order, by amikacin, tobramycin, kanamycin, dibekacin, and ribostamycin. PMID- 6616525 TI - Muscular pain caused by isometric contraction: evaluation of pain through visual analog scale. AB - Pain caused by muscular isometric contraction was investigated through use of the visual analog scale. The results demonstrate that the latency time and the time to reach maximum intensity are inversely proportional to the amount of the load; therefore increase of pain is linear. The high statistical significance of the results suggests that pain by isometric contraction could be a comparison test for somatic pain evaluation in spontaneous pathological conditions. PMID- 6616526 TI - A single injection of moxalactam for acute gonorrhea. AB - This study evaluated the efficacy of and tolerance to moxalactam in the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea, including two infections with penicillin-resistant strains. After appropriate cultures, 87 women and 64 men each received 1 gm of moxalactam intramuscularly as a single injection. Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae was isolated from one man who had persistent urethritis after therapy with ampicillin. Another isolate showed high relative resistance to penicillin. At follow-up in three to seven days, moxalactam eradicated N gonorrhoeae from all 120 evaluable patients including the two with penicillin resistance and five women with rectal gonorrhea. Moxalactam administered intramuscularly was well tolerated and the few adverse effects were usually mild. In this study, 1 gm of moxalactam appeared to be virtually 100% effective and safe for therapy of adults with uncomplicated anogenital gonorrhea. PMID- 6616527 TI - The 24-hour control of blood pressure in hypertension of chronic renal disease with mepindolol. AB - The efficacy of mepindolol in the control of blood pressure during 24 hours was investigated in nine patients with hypertension accompanying chronic renal disease. The patients were classified into three groups having glomerular filtration rates of 50% to 55%, 30% to 35%, and 10% to 15%. The daily dosage of mepindolol was 5 mg for patients with glomerular filtration rates 30% and higher and 2.5 and 1.25 mg for patients with more advanced renal failure. The control of blood pressure was adequate in patients treated with 5 mg. In those with advanced renal failure, 2.5 mg was adequate to control blood pressure, but 1.25 mg was an inadequate dosage. These results point to the efficacy of mepindolol in the treatment of hypertension of chronic renal disease. Moreover, the dosage of the beta-blocker can be reduced by half the recommended dosage when advanced renal failure is present. PMID- 6616528 TI - Effects of hormone treatment on the distribution of monoamine oxidase in the Syrian hamster uterus. PMID- 6616529 TI - Protein phosphorylation reactions in chromatin from seminal vesicle epithelium. PMID- 6616530 TI - Testosterone metabolism in vitro by prostate homogenate from isoimmunized rats. PMID- 6616531 TI - Cellular dehydrogenase assay with a tridensity-automicrophotometer. PMID- 6616532 TI - [Effect of pyrimethamine on clinical and biochemical manifestations of symptomatic liver porphyria]. PMID- 6616533 TI - [Vasomotor reactivity in 1st degree relations of manifest diabetics]. PMID- 6616534 TI - [Therapy of schistosomiasis]. PMID- 6616535 TI - [Plenary meeting of the Scientific Council of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Socialist Republic. Prague, 18 December 1982. Activities of the Scientific Council of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Socialist Republic during 1982]. PMID- 6616536 TI - [The living environment in Czechoslovakia and the health status of the population]. PMID- 6616537 TI - [Contemporary problems in the health status of women]. PMID- 6616538 TI - [Rapid determination of neutron dose equivalents for the purpose of environmental monitoring]. PMID- 6616539 TI - [Cytogenetics of aging]. PMID- 6616540 TI - [The effect of age on the incidence of diabetes in patients with thyroid gland function disorders]. PMID- 6616541 TI - [Hydrothorax in cirrhosis of the liver]. PMID- 6616542 TI - [The liver and cardiac failure]. PMID- 6616544 TI - [Use of clonidine in hypertension]. PMID- 6616543 TI - [Levels of hormonal substances in the serum (plasma) in old age. I]. PMID- 6616545 TI - [Institutes of Gerontology at the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences in Kiev]. PMID- 6616546 TI - [Problems with fever in children]. PMID- 6616547 TI - [Viscosity of the blood, plasma, hematocrit and heart surgery with extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 6616548 TI - [Personal experience with the treatment of acute cholangitis]. PMID- 6616549 TI - [Evaluation of laboratory data using discrimination analysis in patients with chronic liver diseases]. PMID- 6616550 TI - [Proteins with a short half-life in patients in critical condition]. PMID- 6616551 TI - [Possibilities of the preclinical assessment of changes in pharmacokinetics as a result of renal failure]. PMID- 6616552 TI - [Phase scintigraphy of the kidneys using 99mTc-Sn-DTPA in patients with acute and chronic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6616553 TI - [Hyperthyroidism in acute intermittent porphyria]. PMID- 6616554 TI - [The health of agricultural workers]. PMID- 6616555 TI - Projection and connectivity of sex-specific photoreceptors in the compound eye of the male housefly (Musca domestica). AB - The structure and synaptology of the axon of a novel photoreceptor class in the compound eye of the fly (Musca domestica) were studied with the electron microscope by means of intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase, a rapid Golgi method, and conventional electron microscopy. The photoreceptor - a sex specific class of R7 found only in the frontal-dorsal region of the male eye - projects directly to the lamina cartridge underlying its ommatidium, thus conforming to the neural superposition scheme. At the top of the lamina cartridge the axon makes an abrupt 90 degrees bend sending out at least two arms that surround the bundle of monopolar cell fibres and extend to the limits of the cartridge defined by the incoming crown of R1--6 photoreceptors. This "foot terminal" ends in the most superficial layer of the lamina cartridge. The axon forms abundant synapses with so-called L2 and L3 monopolar cells, but very few, if any, with either L1 or T1. It also forms gap junctions with most or all of the other receptor axons in the cartridge including R8, which otherwise has the typical morphology of a long visual fibre. PMID- 6616556 TI - Light-microscopic immunocytochemical localization of fibronectin in the developing rat lung. AB - The development of the rat lung is a process of continuing morphological change. Indications from work in other mammalian systems suggest that fibronectin may be important in the control of this process. The present study has examined embryonic, neonatal, and adult lung tissue of the rat by means of the peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) technique to demonstrate fibronectin at the light microscopic level. Positive reaction was observed with anti-fibronectin serum in all stages examined. Control sections treated with pre-immune serum or no primary serum gave negative results in each case. Fibronectin in adult tissue was localized to the alveolar surface and alveolar basal lamina. Neonatal tissue showed fibronectin on pulmonary tubule walls and in basal lamina while embryonic tissue revealed localization of the protein in the basal lamina and in association with small groups of cells at the base of septal buds. These findings suggest a role for fibronectin in the control of rat lung development. The results are discussed in terms of the known functions of fibronectin as a preliminary matrix for the subsequent deposition of collagenous connective tissue, as a cellular adhesion protein, and as surface-bound material for cellular migration. PMID- 6616557 TI - Calcium dynamics, exocytosis, and membrane turnover in the ovulation hormone releasing caudo-dorsal cells of Lymnaea stagnalis. AB - The axon terminals of the neuroendocrine caudo-dorsal cells (CDC) of the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis release an ovulation-stimulating hormone by exocytosis in a calcium-dependent way. Ultrastructural studies of the terminals, involving the K-pyroantimonate method for the demonstration of calcium and control tests with EGTA, show that calcium occurs in mitochondria and in various types of vesicular structure. Quantitative investigations indicate that mitochondria accumulate calcium during a short period of high neurohormone release activity ("active state"; ca. 45 min) and release it again into the axoplasm some hours later, during a period of low secretory activity ("resting state"). Probably, in this way mitochondria play an important role in the buffering of the axoplasmic calcium concentration during high hormone-release activity. HRP-incorporation studies strongly suggest that the calcium-containing vesicular structures constitute a mechanism of membrane sequestration by which the CDC axon terminals resorb, transform, and release parts of the axolemma after exocytotic hormone release. The results furthermore indicate that this mechanism also may be involved in the control of the calcium concentration of the axoplasm, by taking up calcium from the axoplasm and releasing it into the extracellular space. PMID- 6616558 TI - Morphology of canine gallbladder. Scanning electron microscope observations on the epithelium. AB - Examination of the surface topography of canine gallbladder epithelium using the scanning electron microscope reveals subtle changes in the morphology of the cellular components between the full and empty states. In the full state large bays exist between relatively low, ridge-like crests or folds of mucosa which gradually increase in height as the gallbladder empties causing a subsequent reduction in size and volume of the bays. The relaxed gallbladder exhibits an irregular arrangement of tall, closely apposed mucosal folds with intervening deep valleys. The degree of apical convexity of individual epithelial cells will increase as the mucosal folds begin to relax. Other mucosal features most easily observed in the full state were small pit-like intraepithelial glands. The apical surfaces of the epithelial cells exhibit a densely uniform microvillus border and occasional membrane-bounded cytoplasmic protrusions (apical bullae) extending out into the lumen of the organ. The lateral cell membranes and basal lamina were also examined. Correlative methacrylate and transmission electron microscopic findings are included. The functional aspects of these morphological alterations and apical protrusions are discussed. PMID- 6616559 TI - Cation influences on in vitro growth of erythroid stem cells (CFU-e and BFU-e). AB - Recent developments have focused on long-term bone marrow cultures and serum-free media to establish clonal hematopoiesis in vitro. Prior investigations have suggested an important role for such ingredients as transferrin, albumin, lipid, selenite, and potassium provided by serum. These factors, when present, can support clonal growth even in the absence of serum. Results reported here further define the importance of the cations K+ and Li+ in the regulation of in vitro erythropoiesis in the presence of both normal and dialyzed fetal calf serum and ouabain. While K+ proved essential for optimal erythroid colony formation, the presence of Li+ in such cultures reduced optimal colony formation of erythroid stem cells. This evidence suggests that in long-term marrow cultures or serum free media K+ is essential for successful maintenance of self-renewal of erythroid stem cells and their differentiation, and that the monitoring of K+ levels may prove useful in such cultures. Since in vitro erythropoiesis was reduced in the presence of Li+, the mechanisms controlling differentiation of hematopoietic stem cell may be interpreted to be subject to cation influence. PMID- 6616561 TI - Influence of short photoperiods on the ultrastructure of hamster Harderian glands. AB - A sexual dimorphism of the hamster Harderian gland at the ultrastructural level, has been reported. Castration of males and the administration of testosterone to females are known to alter the male type gland to the female type and vice versa. In this paper we present data that exposure to a short photoperiod (1L:23D) can induce similar structural alterations between the 4th and 10th week of exposure. Changes in the male included reduction in the number of tubular clusters and large vacuoles, while in the female the number of membrane formations decreased with an accompanying appearance of tubular clusters. PMID- 6616560 TI - Synthesis of membrane and secretory glycoproteins by the acinar pancreatic cells as visualized by radioautography. AB - Young rats were injected with 3H-fucose and killed at 10 min, 1, 4 and 24 h thereafter. Samples of the pancreas were processed for light- and electron microscopic radioautography and then analyzed quantitatively. Fucose label was taken up in the supranuclear region of acinar pancreatic cells that were maximally labeled at 1 h after injection. Between 1 and 24 h after injection there was a very marked decrease in the concentration of label in the pancreatic acini. Radioautography at the ultrastructural level demonstrated that the earliest time interval the silver grains indicating the sites of newly synthesized glycoproteins were predominantly observed over the Golgi apparatus of the acinar cells. The quantitative analysis indicated that condensing vacuoles were labeled from 10 min to 4 h after injection. At 1 h the concentration of label in the Golgi apparatus was greatly diminished while it was significantly higher in the secretory (zymogen) granules. At this interval the secretion product visualized in the lumen of the acini and of the ducts was found to be labeled. At 4 h both the zymogen granules and the plasma membrane were significantly labeled. Further analysis carried out on the zymogen granules indicated that fucose-labeled glycoproteins were located in the granule membrane as well as in the granule content. In conclusion, 3H-fucose is added to glycoproteins in the Golgi apparatus of the acinar cells. Then, labeled glycoproteins are collected within condensing vacuoles and zymogen granules and released into the acinar lumen as secretion products. This latter event, which almost certainly is a consequence of exocytosis, may also account for the addition of granule-membrane glycoproteins to the plasma membrane. PMID- 6616562 TI - Mitochondria, hemosomes and hemoglobin biosynthesis. AB - Erythroid cells of the liver and peripheral blood of rabbit embryos, as welt of bone-marrow and peripheral blood of adult rabbits with phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anemia, were analysed ultrastructurally to investigate the formation of hemosomes, organelles suggested to be sites of heme integration into the four globin polypeptides. After the incorporation of iron-containing material, free ferruginous inclusions appear. Mitochondria apparently give rise to lamellated bodies whose double lamellae expand for the captation of the ferruginous inclusions, a source of iron for heme synthesis, and globin polypeptidic chains already synthesized in the diffusely distributed polysomes. The expanding lamellae return, so that prehemosomal vesicles containing ferruginous material and globin are formed. Through invaginations of the inner membrane and a possible rotational movement of these vesicles the beginning of prohemosome formation takes place concomitant with the occurrence of heme synthesis. A structural rearrangement of prohemosomes occurs, and typical hemosomes containing hemoglobin molecules develop, whose content spreads throughout the cytoplasm by disruption of the organelle membranes. PMID- 6616563 TI - A peculiar myofibrillar pattern in the murine muscle-tendon junction. AB - The muscle-tendon junctions of adult mice show a special arrangement of myofibrils. Essentially, the myofibrils are oriented in an anchor-like manner in the large finger-shaped processes of the muscle fiber, which contain "mitochondrial sacks" (Demmel et al. 1979) in a subsarcolemmal position. Furthermore, the single myofibril frequently branches out into smaller fibrils. It is suggested that due to the three-dimensional arrangement, these processes gain a high rigidity during contraction, thus maintaining their shape and preserving the "mitochondrial sacks". PMID- 6616564 TI - Vasopressin-immunoreactive cells in the dorsomedial hypothalamic region, medial amygdaloid nucleus and locus coeruleus of the rat. AB - Recently, the existence of a vasopressin-immunoreactive cell group was described in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (van Leeuwen and Caffe 1983). In the present investigation additional nuclei containing vasopressin-immunoreactive cells were found, after colchicine pretreatment, in the dorsomedial hypothalamus, medial amygdaloid nucleus and the locus coeruleus. Vasopressin-immunoreactive cells in the dorsomedial hypothalamus and medial amygdaloid nucleus are small (8- 14 micrometers and 10--14 micrometers, respectively), while those in the locus coeruleus are medium-sized (20--25 micrometers). Incubation with anti-bovine neurophysin II and anti-rat neurophysin revealed staining of the same cell group in the above-mentioned areas. None of these cell groups show stained cells after incubation with anti-oxytocin and anti-bovine neurophysin I. When sections of the homozygous Brattleboro rat, which shows a deficiency in vasopressin synthesis, are incubated with anti-vasopressin, anti-bovine neurophysin II, or anti-rat neurophysin, no immunoreactivity can be observed in these brain regions. The above-mentioned cell groups may contribute to the vasopressinergic innervation of brain sites that have been reported to persist after lesioning of the suprachiasmatic, paraventricular and bed nuclei of the stria terminalis. PMID- 6616565 TI - Fine structure and cytochemistry of lysosomes in the Ito cells of the rat liver. AB - Ultracytochemical studies of the performic acid-phosphotungstic acid (PFP) reaction and acid phosphatase (ACPase) activity in the Ito cells (fat-storing cells) of the rat liver revealed two kinds of lipid droplets: one surrounded by a structure giving PFP- and ACPase-positive reactions, recognized as a lysosome, the other without such a reactive structure displaying a limiting membrane. To elucidate the function of the lysosomes surrounding lipid droplets, experiments were carried out on the following groups of animals: (1) Vitamin A-deficient rats were fed a normal diet containing vitamin A, and (2) hypervitaminosis A was experimentally induced in previously untreated rats. Lipid droplets were studied in both groups. No lipid droplets reappearing in an early stage after restoration of the regular diet were either membrane-bounded or surrounded by lysosomes. Lipid droplets surrounded by lysosomes could be seen in rats fully restored from vitamin-A deficiency and more frequently in animals suffering from hypervitaminosis A. It seems likely that as a result of the lysosomal activity in the immediate vicinity of the lipid droplets a degradation of the vitamin A containing lipid droplets takes place in the Ito cells. Therefore, the lysosome surrounded lipid droplets can be regarded as a sort of autophagolysosome; these lysosomes may play a role in preventing an unrestricted increase in the number and volume of lipid droplets. PMID- 6616566 TI - Effects of melatonin on synaptic ribbons in pinealocytes of the Chinese hamster, Cricetulus griseus. A quantitative electron-microscopic study. AB - The effects of melatonin on synaptic ribbons (SR) in pinealocytes of the Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) were examined. SR were classified into types 1, 2 and 3, which appear as rods, round or irregular bodies and ring-shaped structures, respectively; a synaptic ribbon index (SR index) was determined for the three types. Administration of two doses of 1.5 mg/kg melatonin at noon and 3 p.m. causes an increase in the type-1 and type-2 SR indices 3 h after the second injection in hamsters kept under alternating light and dark conditions (lights on from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m.). Likewise, in animals that are exposed to extended light for 5 h and receive two doses of melatonin at 7 p.m. and 10 p.m., an increase in the type-1 and type-2 SR indices occurs 3 h after the second injection. The increase in the type-2 SR index induced by melatonin administration to hamsters exposed to extended light is greater than the increase in the type-1 SR index under the same experimental conditions. Type-2 SR index, but not type-1 SR index, increases following bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy. An increase in type-1 and type-2 SR indices occurs at 6 p.m. in ganglionectomized animals administered two doses of melatonin 6 h (noon) and 3 h (3 p.m.) before the time of sacrifice. No significant change is observed in type-3 SR index in animals subjected to any of the above treatments. The results indicate that exogenous melatonin may act directly on pinealocytes of the Chinese hamster to cause an increase in size and/or number of the type-1 and type-2 SR. Type 3-SR may have a role different from that of type-1 and type-2 SR; type-1 and type-2 SR may be functionally related. PMID- 6616567 TI - The freeze-fractured median eminence. II. Developmental changes in the neurohemal contact zone of the median eminence of the rat. AB - The neurohemal contact area of the median eminence was examined in adult, young, neonatal, and fetal rats in freeze-fracture preparations. While no specializations of the membranes of axonic terminals abutting on the perivascular space was observed, adjacent areas of the same membranes are rich in signs of hormone release. Signs of exocytosis are defined in the manner of Theodosis et al. (1978). Exocytotic pits with a single dense granule as a core are identified on P-faces along with mounds on corresponding E faces. These features appear near the time of birth, are especially numerous at 3 days, 3 weeks, and 5 weeks, and continue in lesser numbers into adulthood. Even more numerous and appearing even earlier, by the last day of fetal life, were P-face clusters of large particles usually in a pit, and pits without particles. These fall into 2 significantly different categories distinguished by the size of the pit. E face counterparts are large and small protuberances, respectively. Fenestrae of adult size and distribution are observed along the endothelium of portal vessels from the 20th day of fetal life on. Their frequency correlates well with other structural manifestations of a median eminence ready for the onset of functional activity at about the time of birth (Monroe and Paull 1974). PMID- 6616568 TI - Changes in hypothalamic and extra-hypothalamic vasopressin content of water deprived rats. AB - A correlative radioimmunoassay (RIA) and immunocytochemical (ICC) study was carried out on vasopressin (VP) distribution and content in brains of normal and 3-day water-deprived rats. By RIA there were statistically significant differences in brain VP per pg/mg between normal and osmotically stressed specimens in hypothalamus (338.4 versus 134.4), thalamus (4.8 versus 0.9), septum (18.0 versus 3.4), striatum (1.6 versus 0.7) and amygdala (17.3 versus 1.3), but not in other brain regions measured. Pituitary VP decreased from 71.1 to 8.7 ng/mg, and plasma VP rose from 3.6 to 19.3 pg/ml during water deprivation. Application of the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase ICC method of Sternberger to vibratome sections showed that VP-immunoreactivity in dehydrated specimens decreased in perikarya of paraventricular nucleus and suprachiasmatic nucleus, while intrahypothalamic immunoreactive magnocellular fibers appeared more conspicuous due to proliferation of large Herring bodies. In extrahypothalamic sites VP-immunoreactivity in water-deprived rats was visibly reduced in periventricular thalamus and septum. Thus it is apparent that both intra- and extrahypothalamic VP are affected by osmotic stress, and these results are discussed within the context of current ideas relating to co-activation of neurosecretory cells that project to different sites. PMID- 6616570 TI - Spermiogenesis in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). An ultrastructural study. AB - In an ultrastructural study on the spermiogenesis of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri R.) four spermatogenetic stages were identified. In young round spermatids, the nuclear chromatin was first heterogeneous (euchromatin and heterochromatin). Subsequently, it became more homogeneous and started to condense in the form of coarse granules and fibers and then into fibrils associated in ribbon-like elements which eventually partly fused together. During early spermiogenesis, a juxtanuclear vacuole appeared in the area where the nuclear envelope was specialized due to condensation of material between the two envelopes and a slight accumulation of nuclear material. This area was finally located in the anterior part of spermatids and spermatozoa; it probably plays a role during fertilization. A flagellar rootlet appeared early in spermiogenesis; it may play a role in the attachment of the flagellum to the nucleus since it persisted until the centriolar complex was definitively fixed in the implantation fossa. The flagellum did not display a plasma membrane and was first located in the cytoplasm, but when it was later extruded from the cell, it acquired a membrane. The cytoplasm was rich in ribosomes (free or in small groups) but poor in membranous organelles. The few mitochondria polarized around the centriolar complex were finally organized into an annular mid-piece. The spermatids remained connected by intercellular bridges until the end of spermiogenesis. The complexity of trout spermiogenesis is intermediate between that in poecilids and that in carp and pike, which have very simple spermatozoa. The role of the material from the nucleus and the cytoplasm reaching the Sertoli cell in the control of spermatogenesis has been discussed. PMID- 6616569 TI - Innervation of the avian pineal organ. A comparative study. AB - The innervation of the pineal organ was studied in 26 avian species under particular consideration of comparative aspects. A population of nerve cells and their pinealofugal (afferent) fiber systems were stained by means of the acetylcholinesterase method, while catecholamine-containing pinealopetal (efferent) fibers were demonstrated with the use of the glyoxylic acid method. Afferent axons were mainly found in the postero-proximal portion of the organ, and the patterns of their distribution were classified into three groups according to the characteristic densities of the reaction product. The number of acetylcholinesterase-positive neurons in the avian pineal organs examined in this study varied extremely from species to species, ranging from 0 to 362. Catecholamine-containing nerve fibers penetrating the antero-lateral walls of the pineal follicles accompanied blood vessels and were arranged more densely in the distal portion of the organ, in contrast to the distribution of the acetylcholinesterase-positive nerve fibers. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the distributional patterns of both types of neural projections was performed for the pineal organ of every avian species examined. In avian species possessing a relatively conspicuous afferent projection, such as Passeriformes, Nycticorax, and Milvus, terminals of catecholamine-containing nerve fibers were observed exclusively in the interfollicular and perivascular tissues. In Galliformes, which display only few pineal afferents, catecholamine-containing fibers terminate not only in the interfollicular space, but also in the neuroepithelial parenchyma. The regional differences in the innervation in the avian pineal organ suggest that the pinealocytes ranging from more sensory-like to more secretory like elements are arranged in a mosaic-like pattern. PMID- 6616571 TI - Histochemical localization of retinochrome and rhodopsin studied by fluorescence microscopy. AB - Retinochrome is readily reduced by sodium borohydride into an N-retinyl protein that emits visible fluorescence upon irradiation with near-ultraviolet light. Rhodopsin is also converted to a similar fluorescent product, but only when denatured with formaldehyde before reduction. Based upon this difference, retinochrome was discriminated from rhodopsin on frozen sections. The distribution of these two photopigments in various photosensitive tissues was examined by means of epifluorescence microscopy. In the octopus retina (Octopus vulgaris), the yellow-green fluorescence of reduced retinochrome was observed in both the basal regions of the outer segments and throughout the inner segments of the visual cells, while the fluorescence of reduced rhodopsin was restricted to within the rhabdomal layer of the outer segments. In the squid parolfactory vesicles (Todarodes pacificus), rhodopsin was present in the central lumen, which contains the distal processes of the photoreceptor cells, while retinochrome was detected in the myeloid bodies scattered within the vesicular wall. In the slug retina (Limax flavus), rhodopsin was found in the microvilli, and retinochrome appeared to be concentrated in the photic vesicles of the visual cells. PMID- 6616572 TI - The coelocapitular sensillum, an antennal hygro- and thermoreceptive sensillum of the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. AB - The sensillum coelocapitulum, a hygro- and thermoreceptive sensillum of the honey bee, Apis mellifera, was investigated by electron microscopy. The cuticular apparatus of the sensillum is a mushroom-shaped protrusion, devoid of pores, set in a narrow cylindrical pit positioned centrally within a cuticular, shallow depression. There may be three or four receptor cells. Three receptor cells have unbranched sensory cilia, containing densely packed microtubules, which extend distally into the cuticular apparatus and completely fill its cavity. These connecting cilia are of the usual 9 + 0 type. The fourth receptor, if present, has a thin sensory cilium which terminates beneath the cuticular apparatus. Its connecting cilium has armed outer doublets. The outer cavity is formed by two enveloping cells and is completely sealed off. Lipid deposits are present within the cavity and the tormogen cell. The thecogen cell has scolopale rod-like structures around the inner cavity. Features common to the insect hygro- and thermoreceptive sensilla are discussed in comparison with those of other insects. PMID- 6616573 TI - The brain-pituitary-gonadal axis in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. II. Direct effect of gonadal steroids on the gonadotropic cells. AB - In a cytophysiological study it was investigated whether in juvenile trout gonadal steroids stimulate the gonadotropic (GTH)-cells directly or indirectly via the brain. Pituitaries of donor animals were transplanted into the caudal musculature of testosterone-treated and non-testosterone-treated host fish. Testosterone treatment caused an increase in GTH-content in the in situ pituitaries and in the grafts. Accordingly, the gonadotrops displayed ultrastructural changes such as the appearance of well-developed Golgi systems and large globules. The stimulation of the morphological development of gonadotrops and of synthesis and storage of GTH in the allografted pituitaries indicates that testosterone affects the GTH-cells directly. In untreated juvenile trout the gonadotropin content of the pituitary and the gonadotropin concentration in the plasma vary with the time of year. This variation and the role of testosterone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone on the release of GTH are discussed. PMID- 6616575 TI - Ultrastructural morphometry of the myocardium of Thunnus alalunga. AB - The common ventricle in the heart of the Thunnus alalunga was studied. The ventricular myocardium consists of an outer compact layer and a thick inner spongy layer. The compact layer has slightly larger cells (4-6 microns diameter) than the spongy layer (2.5-5 microns diameter). Ultrastructurally the myocardium displays normal arrangements of myofibrils and mitochondria. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is poorly developed. The intercalated discs are simple with the fascia adherens being the most frequent junctional type observed; occasionally a desmosome was seen. Nexus type junctions are present but are unassociated with the intercalated discs. There are no t-tubules evident but the plasmalemma exhibits numerous caveolae which rarely form couplings with the sarcoplasmic reticulum. A morphometric analysis of the volume percent of mitochondria and myofibrils showed that the myocardial cells in the spongy layer of the heart have a significantly greater volume percentage of mitochondria than the compact layer. No significant differences were found between myocardial regions when the volume percentages of myofibrils were compared. The physiological studies revealed that the albacore tuna has heart rates (120 bpm) and ventricular blood pressures (100 mmHg) that are among the highest reported for fish. PMID- 6616574 TI - Histochemical and ultrastructural study on the innervation of the byssus glands of Mytilus galloprovincialis. AB - The aluminium-formaldehyde (ALFA) histofluorescence method reveals an extensive plexus of brilliant greenish monoaminergic elements in the glandular zones of the Mytilus foot, while only scanty nerve fibres are acetylcholinesterase-positive. By electron microscopy, bundles of nerve fibres can be seen i) in close connection with the intrinsic musculature located in the connective septa among the glands, and ii) near the cell bodies and necks of all the byssus glands. The nerve fibres show varicosities containing three types of vesicles: small clear (50-60 nm), small granular (80-90 nm), and large granular (160-200 nm). The regions of close apposition between nerve terminals and muscle or gland cells generally do not show typical pre- or postsynaptic specializations. Along the pedal groove, mainly in the proximal two thirds of the foot, peripheral bipolar neurons can be detected, both by fluorescence and electron microscopy. PMID- 6616576 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of angiotensinogen in rat liver and kidney. AB - The renin substrate, angiotensinogen, was localized by immunocytochemistry in liver and kidney of normal rats by the use of an antiserum directed against pure rat angiotensinogen. This substrate was also examined in rats after bilateral nephrectomy, which is known to increase plasma angiotensinogen, and in rats treated with colchicine, which inhibits serum protein secretion. In normal rat liver, light microscopy showed the presence of immunoreactive material in a very few cells. The number of stained hepatocytes rose in rats treated with colchicine or after bilateral nephrectomy. Immuno-staining increased further when rats were both nephrectomized and colchicine treated. In the kidney, angiotensinogen was specifically located as granular formations in nephrocytes of the proximal tubule but never in the granular cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus. The localization of these granular formations under the brush border suggests that angiotensinogen is reabsorbed from the glomerular ultrafiltrate rather than synthesized in the kidney. PMID- 6616581 TI - Special types of asthma. PMID- 6616578 TI - Epidemiology and clinical diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in Zimbabwe. PMID- 6616584 TI - Incidence and pattern of bacterial meningitis in Lusaka. PMID- 6616585 TI - What causes neonatal jaundice in Harare? PMID- 6616586 TI - Superadded bacterial infection in urinary bilharziasis. PMID- 6616587 TI - Pharmacological notes control of drug supply and drug monitoring. PMID- 6616588 TI - Traditional African attitudes towards death and dying. PMID- 6616589 TI - Asbestos hazards in Zimbabwe. PMID- 6616591 TI - Chronobiological correlates of headache. Capri symposium 27-28 May 1983. PMID- 6616590 TI - The carotid sinus syndrome another unrecognised disorder. PMID- 6616592 TI - Change in circadian cortisol rhythmicity in patients with intracranial tumour. AB - To verify the influence of intracranial expanding processes on circadian cortisol rhythm, we studied its occurrence in 10 normal subjects, in 5 patients with extrasellar tumour, and in 3 patients with intracranial haematoma. All patients were tested every 4 h. Cortisol was measured by RIA. A cosine function was fitted to the data by mean cosinor method to evidence any rhythm and its parameters. A significant circadian rhythm was detected in the normal subjects with acrophase at 07.55 (07.15-08.25). The patients with extrasellar tumour and those with intracranial haematoma showed a lack of circadian rhythmicity due to a significant increase of cortisol levels at 20.00 and at 00.00, respectively. Our results suggest that study of the cortisol rhythm is useful, especially when an extrasellar tumour is suspected. PMID- 6616593 TI - Circadian rhythms of hormones in primary affective disorders. AB - The study of circadian rhythms of hormones in PAD reveals impairments in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, GH, PRL, TSH and melatonin secretion. Twenty four hour cortisol curves show increased number of secretory episodes, increased duration of each episode, increased amount of total cortisol secretion for each episode and of cortisol secretion per minute. Moreover, secretory bursts appear in the late afternoon-evening, when in normal subjects secretion is blunted. In some cases the acrophase is phase-advanced by 1-4 h. GH nocturnal peak is often blunted. PRL nocturnal secretion may also be low, especially in bipolar patients, or the acrophase is 6-8 h phase-advanced. Melatonin nocturnal peak may be blunted and abnormal diurnal peaks are sometimes observed. TSH secretion is normal in bipolar patients; in unipolars, the nocturnal peak, the mean 24-h secretion and the ratio sleep/wakefulness are reduced. The acrophase may be advanced. PMID- 6616594 TI - Chronobiological aspects of headache syndromes due to sellar or pituitary pathology. AB - A chronobiological study was carried out in headache syndromes due to empty sella or to pituitary G.H.- and PRL-secreting adenomas. In the empty sella syndrome only the chrono-organization of G.H. secretion was disturbed, whereas pl. PRL exhibited the usual circadian pattern. The circadian rhythms of pl. G.H. and pl. PRL were abolished in G.H.- and PRL-secreting pituitary tumors, respectively, and were again detectable when patients were cured by selective transsphenoidal adenomectomy. A normal circadian rhythmicity of pl. cortisol was demonstrable in the empty sella syndrome and in pituitary adenomas, both before and after surgery. PMID- 6616595 TI - Influence of ergot derivatives on prolactin secretion in rats. Mechanisms of action and clinical implications. AB - Ergot derivatives are the most effective compounds in the treatment of migraine attacks. It has been proposed that these compounds exert this effect by direct action on skull arteries or arteriovenous anastomoses, or by interfering with peripheral or central serotonin receptors. It is also possible that these compounds influence monoaminergic neurotransmission and, thereby, endorphins modulating the threshold for pain or sensory perception. In testing these hypotheses, changes in receptor sensitivity or function have to be considered since we have observed simultaneous tolerance and supersensitivity development in the same animal treated chronically with lisuride. We therefore propose that ergot derivatives can reduce the well documented higher sensitivity of migraine sufferers to various stimuli. In humans, prolactin-levels can be used for determining bioavailability of some ergot derivatives and for studying whether dopaminergic mechanism plays a role in their antimigraine effect. PMID- 6616596 TI - On the treatment of migraine. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships for a programmed release formulation of dihydroergotamine administered orally in the human. AB - With the combined pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic approach, the bioavailability and venoconstrictor effects of two DHE formulations (programmed release capsules and oral solution) have been compared after acute oral dose administrations in the healthy volunteer subjects. The bioavailability of DHE from programmed release capsules has been significantly greater than that shown by the oral solution. DHE capsules formulation has seemed to provide appropriate plasma concentrations for at least 10 h after administration. That may well account for its efficacy in the treatment of morning migraine. PMID- 6616597 TI - Chronobiology principles and methods of studying biological rhythms. AB - In studying many diseases we meet with periodic phenomena. The appearance of some symptoms and the relevant remissions often have a cyclic pattern. The temporal structure of living organisms is at the root of these phenomena: the correct intermodulation, in terms of time, of the biological variables, realizes the conditions of well being. If the harmony between the biological rhythms is disturbed for some reason, the subjects find themselves in the state of proneness to disease or of overt disease. To evaluate this different situation it is necessary to follow the biological phenomena during the time and estimate, with correct statistical methods, the periodicity, the relevant parameters and the ratios. So research has to be completed with a sufficient number of measurements of pertinent variables and of the variables to be utilized as marker rhythms. For this purpose, autorhythmometry and automatic monitoring can help greatly. Evaluation of the parameters and ratios between the biological rhythms pertinent to the studied disease and marker rhythms constitute the ground on which the discussion and conclusions of the research have to be founded. PMID- 6616598 TI - Menstrual migraine: intermittent prophylaxis with a timed-release pharmacological formulation of dihydroergotamine. AB - An open study was performed on 20 women between 20 and 40 years of age in order to assess the effectiveness of a slow-release pharmacological formulation of dihydroergotamine in the prevention of menstrual migraine. Therapy was started two days prior to the expected date of menstruation and continued for five days after the onset of menstrual flow. Trial lasted for five months, four patients suspended the treatment: one because of side effects and three because of "ineffectiveness of drug". In the 16 patients who completed the study, there was a significant reduction both in intensity and duration of migraine compared to the month prior to treatment. PMID- 6616599 TI - Progress in migraine: treatment with dihydroergotamine-retard. AB - A group of 40 patients suffering from migraine underwent dihydroergotamine-retard therapy for a period of five months after a 30-day pre-treatment period. They had previously been treated with other medications but results were not relevant. Drug effectiveness was evaluated by means of Pain Total Index, number of attacks, analgesic consumption and number of awakenings with headache. The results show a significant difference between the observation period and the treatment phase, with relevant therapeutic success. Only moderate side-effects were observed. PMID- 6616600 TI - Histamine skin test in cluster headache: effects of dihydroergotamine with timed release. AB - The histamine skin test, as modified by Giacovazzo, was carried out on 20 patients with cluster headache and on 20 control subjects, 10 of whom suffered from migraine and 10 who were healthy volunteers not presenting any form of headache. The test was carried out before and after 30 days treatment with timed release dihydroergotamine methanesulphonate in a dose of 10 mg/day. Data recorded on a "headache time chart" before and after treatment were evaluated by statistical analysis. Block variance analysis was used to evaluate results of three parameters (latency time, hyperemia diameter, extinction time) emerging from the histamine skin test before and after treatment. A statistical comparison was also made of data obtained in basal conditions in the three groups of subjects, in order to confirm the usefulness of this simple test in the diagnosis of cluster headache. PMID- 6616601 TI - DHE retard for prophylactic therapy of migraine: efficacy and tolerability. AB - The authors evaluated the efficacy of a DHE methanesulphonate for migraine attacks and its tolerability on liver, gallbladder and cardiovascular system functions. Twenty-eight patients affected by migraine were studied. They were withdrawn from preventive therapy for at least one month and treated for three months. The drug showed a good efficacy with a statistical significant reduction of severity and duration of attacks. No variation of the biochemical and morphological parameters of liver, gallbladder and cardiovascular function were found throughout the treatment. PMID- 6616602 TI - Clinical pharmacological aspects of dihydroergotamine timed release: activity on monoamine venospasm. AB - Using the computerized venotest, it is possible to evaluate both the venospastic activity of the vasoactive monoamines (NA,5-HT, DA) and the effects of the relative agonistic and antagonistic drugs. The ergot-derivatives are 5-HT and NA agonists at low doses, and are 5-HT antagonists at high doses. Dihydroergotamine timed release (DHE-TR) administered orally is capable at 12 hours following the last administration of producing a significant increase of 5-HT and NA venospasm. It is hypothesized that 12 hours after the last administration of DHE-TR, hematic concentrations, corresponding to clinical and therapeutic levels, capable of potentiating the monoamine venospasm still exists. PMID- 6616604 TI - Psychological peculiarities in children with recurrent primary headache. AB - Thirty-five children with idiopathic headache (average age 10.2 years) were subjected to various examinations and a series of tests (WISC, Bender, Rorschach, Duss, "tree" and "family" tests) on the nature and characteristics of headache with a view to establishing possible psychological peculiarities. The sample was correlated with a random control group of 20 subjects (average age 10.4 years) undergoing all of the above tests except the Rorschach test. This showed a significant decrease in the "digit span" WISC subtest and in the Bender test with respect to normal population, and a drop in "digit span" and in picture completion subtests and in headache length in months. Feelings of being excluded from the family group, insecurity and repressed hostility towards the important figures, were significantly stronger in the headache patients group. PMID- 6616603 TI - Personality patterns of headache sufferers. AB - One hundred and sixty-seven subjects (91 females and 76 males) aged 18 to 55 and suffering from recurrent headache, daily headache, and cluster headache, were studied. In order to collect detailed information about their clinical as well as social and environmental conditions, a multi-page card was used which had been specially prepared for this purpose. The patients' personality patterns were assessed by the following methods: MMPI (the Hs, Hy, D, and Ma scales, in particular); EPQ (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire); and AS IPAT (Cattel's Anxiety Scale). The statistical analysis of the data obtained made it possible to define the personality patterns of both male and female subjects and then to differentiate between them in relation to the various types of headache. Furthermore, possible relationships between personality traits and headache suffering were investigated. If the personality patterns of females seem to have existed prior to the disease, those of males raise some questions. In cluster patients, in particular, the age of onset seems to be related to certain personality traits; in patients with daily headache, by contrast the association between the duration and severity of the disorder appears to play a major trigger role. Some of these correlations do not have a linear character and suggest new working hypotheses that go beyond the limits of standard correlations. PMID- 6616605 TI - Psychological aspects of migraine in childhood. AB - Experimental data indicate that certain unconscious emotions cause modifications of the brain stem neurotransmitters, inducing neurohumoral and vascular changes which underlie the migraine attack in biologically predisposed subjects. The present study investigates, with patient interviews, psychodiagnostic tests (Rorschach, Blacky pictures, Thematic Apperception test, drawings, Wechsler) and parental interviews in 20 pediatric migraine subjects. In 85% of the cases, a condition of repressed anger preceding the attack is seen. In 40% of the subjects, events such as a death in the family, separations, angry quarrels among parents, and scholastic problems, are seen just before onset of the disease. In conclusion, migraine may be considered a psychosomatic disorder, with the phenomenon of pain as a somatic extrinsication of psychological distress. PMID- 6616606 TI - Post-traumatic headache: neuropsychological and clinical aspects. AB - Seventy patients suffering from post-traumatic headache were studied. Pain characteristics, personality and intellectual functions were assessed to be related to cranial trauma. No evident signs of brain damage were present, but an impairment related to pain in personal adjustment and well-being reducing work and study capabilities was identified. A psychopathological condition described as anxiety with somatizations and conversion mechanisms was found and when compared with the psychopathological characteristics from a group of common headache patients no differences were obtained between the two groups. DSM III diagnostic possibilities for post-traumatic headache patients were discussed. PMID- 6616607 TI - Concluding remarks on the Capri symposium: myths, facts and new trends in migraine. AB - The speculative efforts of the scientists who research the atavistic enigma of the "spontaneous" aches which affect the head, nuc and neck of a great number of people, seem to be driven by the conviction that they are faced with a systemic autonomic illness rather than a local one. Pain is an obligatory phenomenon which dominates this ailment, and is more or less patently paralleled by a constellation of autonomic functions such as nausea, vomiting, vaso-constrictor dilation and arterial hypotension. An analogous vegetative constellation emerges at "cascades", that is, a stereotypical succession, following upon intense physiological (induced) pain. In a migraine attack, the autonomic hyperfunctions are the same in quality but their chronology is completely disrupted: the usual vegetative "cascade" being deeply perverted. In spite of concentric assaults by clinicians, biologists, rhythmologists and psychologists this species of medical sphynx has remained throughout the centuries. The core of the dilemma is in essence the following: are we dealing with a physiological or a pathological pain? The former (physiological pain) should be symptomatic of vascular (migraine) or psychic (muscle contraction headache) disorder; the latter (pathological) should be symptomatic of a malfunctioning of the nociceptor system. PMID- 6616608 TI - Pituitary secretions and wake-sleep cycle. AB - Neurohumoral correlations of sleep are considered from three aspects: 1. Metabolism and cerebral blood circulation (CBF, EEG, endocranial pressure, cerebral temperature); 2. Neuromediators and neuropeptides (5-HT, hypnogen neuropeptides); 3. The influence of the sleeping-waking cycle on adeno hypophyseal secretion rhythms (GH, PRL, LH, TSH). Variations of these parameters can play an important role in the onset of night crises of migraine and cluster headache. PMID- 6616609 TI - Nocturnal headache: systemic arterial pressure and heart rate during sleep. AB - In order to evaluate autonomic nervous system changes occurring before nocturnal headache attacks, we studied three subjects (one male, two females) suffering from chronic migraine. All three patients underwent a nocturnal polygraphic recording including continuous monitoring of systemic arterial pressure and heart rate. Two subjects showed increases and irregularities of arterial pressure before awakening with headache. These changes began during N-REM sleep and lasted during REM sleep preceding the awakening with headache. Heart rate did not change before the attacks. These findings do not support the hypothesis that autonomic instability during REM sleep represents the precipitating factor of the attacks. PMID- 6616610 TI - Changes of biological rhythms in primary headache syndromes. AB - The circadian periodicity of some endocrine (PRL, cortisol, GH) and vegetative (oral temperature, blood pressure) functions has been studied in cluster headache, common migraine, atypical facial pain, and "mixed" headache. Changes in several biological rhythms have been found not only in cluster headache (CH) but also in other kinds of headache. Although a great individual variability of rhythometric changes has been observed, particularly in CH, the dysrhythmic condition seems to be more evident in chronic than in episodic CH. The clinical and chronobiological effects of lithium administration and of a short-term sleep deprivation have been studied in CH. PMID- 6616611 TI - Aspects of clinical chronopharmacology. AB - Circadian (congruent to 24 h), circannual (congruent to 1 year) and other biological rhythms of endogenous origin, detectable at all levels of organization, constitute a temporal structure in all animal species, including man. Circadian, circannual and other rhythmic changes in biological susceptibility and response of organisms to a large variety of physical as well as chemical agents including medications and foods are rather common phenomena. Modern chronopharmacology investigates drug effects: (a) as a function of biological timing, and (b) upon parameters characterizing the endogenous bioperiodicities. A better understanding of periodic and thus predictable changes in drug effects can be attained through consideration of three complementary concepts: the chronokinetics of a drug (rhythmic changes in its pharmacokinetics); the chronesthesy (rhythmic changes in susceptibility of target biosystems to this drug), and the chronergy (the drug integrated overall effects). One of the aims of chronopharmacology is solving problems of drug optimization. Knowledge of those administration times coinciding with best effectiveness or tolerance is required to optimize both timing(s) and dosage(s) of a medication. Illustrative examples of both experimental and clinical investigative chronopharmacology are corticosteroids and anticancerous agents. PMID- 6616612 TI - Cluster headache: unilaterality as demonstrated by ictal forehead sweating. PMID- 6616613 TI - The periodic syndrome in pediatric migraine sufferers. AB - The present study takes into consideration some of the symptoms comprised in the Periodic Syndrome. These include motion-sickness, cyclic vomiting, recurrent abdominal pains and paroxysmal vertigo. Particular consideration is given to the chronological and long-term aspects of such symptoms. Among 247 migraine sufferers in the pediatric age group, 173 subjects who complained of at least one of these symptoms were chosen. Results of the data show that motion-sickness is the first to manifest itself (mean age of onset 2 years), and has a tendency to continue into the headache period; cyclic vomiting appears in the third year of life, and terminates sooner than the other symptoms. At the mean age of five years abdominal pains start, and at seven, paroxysmal vertigo. Headache is the final symptom in this group. The sequentiality of such disturbances in each subject leads to the assumption that the Periodic Syndrome is the expression of a single disorder which manifests itself polymorphously as a rather precisely timed process. PMID- 6616614 TI - A foreign beta-globin gene in transgenic mice: integration at abnormal chromosomal positions and expression in inappropriate tissues. AB - We have investigated the chromosomal location, inheritance, and expression of a cloned rabbit beta-globin gene introduced into the mouse germ line by microinjection into mouse eggs. Experiments utilizing in situ hybridization to metaphase chromosomes show that the gene has integrated into one or two different chromosomal loci in each of five mouse lines analyzed. Each locus contains between three and forty copies of the foreign DNA sequence arranged in a tandem array, and the sequences at each locus are stably inherited as a single Mendelian marker. Neither globin mRNA nor polypeptides encoded by the rabbit beta-globin gene are detected in erythroid cells in the seven transgenic lines examined, indicating that the expression of the foreign gene is not correctly regulated. However, in two of the mouse lines, rabbit beta-globin transcripts are found at a low level in specific, although inappropriate, tissues: skeletal muscle in one line and testis in another line. These unusual patterns of beta-globin gene transcription are heritable traits in the two mouse lines and may result from the beta-globin gene's integration at abnormal chromosomal positions. PMID- 6616616 TI - Evidence for the biochemical role of an internal sequence in yeast nuclear mRNA introns: implications for U1 RNA and metazoan mRNA splicing. AB - Sequence comparison of the introns of two yeast genes (rp51A and rp51B) coding for the same ribosomal protein shows homology only in the last 50 bases of the intron. This region of the intron contains an internal conserved sequence (ICS) present near the 3' end of all sequenced yeast nuclear mRNA introns. Removal of a 29 bp sequence containing the ICS prevents splicing of an intron-containing hybrid gene. In cells containing the wild-type gene, we have detected RNA molecules that we suggest are normal splicing intermediates, generated by an endonucleolytic cut in the primary transcript at the ICS. The homology of the ICS with a sequence near the 5' end of U1 snRNA suggests a model in which an interaction in cis between the ICS and the 5' splice junction in yeast is the counterpart of the interaction in trans between U1 and 5' splice junctions in higher eucaryotes. PMID- 6616615 TI - Gene conversion as a mechanism for antigenic variation in trypanosomes. AB - Expression of the gene coding for the trypanosome AnTat 1.1 surface antigen is linked to the duplicative transposition of a basic copy (BC) of this gene to an expression site. In two trypanosome clones successively derived from AnTat 1.1 (AnTat 1.10 and AnTat 1.1B) we found evidence that gene conversions are involved in the transformation of the AnTat 1.1 transposed element into the two new surface antigen coding sequences. Although the three resultant mRNAs--AnTat 1.1, 1.10, and 1.1B--are different, they still share large homologies. Two of them, AnTat 1.1 and 1.1B, code for surface coats that are indistinguishable by conventional serological techniques, whereas AnTat 1.10 has been found different by the same methods. The three genomic rearrangements involve two of the five members of the AnTat 1.1 gene family. These two members are both located in unstable telomeric regions similar to the expression site, each in a different orientation with respect to the DNA terminus. We have concluded that the duplicative transposition is achieved by a gene conversion that may affect variable lengths of the same silent genes, and that different members of the same surface antigen gene family can contribute to the diversification of the antigen repertoire. PMID- 6616617 TI - The origin of extrachromosomal circular copia elements. AB - Cloned extrachromosomal circular copia elements were studied by nucleotide sequence and restriction enzyme analysis to determine their mechanisms of formation and their possible roles in copia transposition. Rearranged circular copias containing inverted segments flanked by 5 bp sequence duplication were observed, suggesting that circular copias are capable of integrating into their own sequences. Such copia circles are analogous to similarly rearranged retrovirus circles, strengthening the relationship between the copia-like elements and retroviruses. There is marked sequence heterogeneity at the junction between the fused terminal direct repeats of seven copia circles. The junctions contain 0-15 bp inserts, the sequences of which are inconsistent with the creation of these particular molecules by reverse transcription. PMID- 6616619 TI - Differentiation in mouse melanoma cells: initial reversibility and an on-off stochastic model. AB - Various proposals that a stochastic event, "commitment," is the first and rate limiting step in mammalian cell differentiation were tested in one cell type, B16C3 mouse melanoma cells. Differentiation (pigment production) was observed in time-lapse films and in cloned single cells. As predicted by all the theories, onset of differentiation was at widely variable times in different cells after stimulation; and selection experiments showed that little of the variability was genetic. Contrary to some theories, differentiation appeared unrelated to cell division. Two properties of the melanoma cells did not fit any of the theories: times of differentiation were highly correlated in sister cells; and differentiation could be reversed in a proportion of cells, which was highest at the lowest levels of pigmentation. Dedifferentiation was associated with cell proliferation, so that most pigmented clones were small and most unpigmented clones large. These findings are accommodated by a model in which functions associated with differentiation can switch on and off, but an inhibition of the off transition builds up in the on state. PMID- 6616618 TI - The lin-12 locus specifies cell fates in Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - We describe two classes of mutations in the lin-12 locus of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Ten semidominant mutations (lin-12[d]) appear to elevate the level of lin-12 activity. Thirty-two recessive alleles (lin-12[0]), including two amber mutations, appear to eliminate gene activity. The lin-12(d) and lin 12(0) mutations result in reciprocal homeotic transformations in the fates of defined cells in several different tissues. Gene dosage studies suggest that a high level of lin-12 activity specifies one cell fate and a low level specifies an alternative fate. Temperature-shift experiments indicate that lin-12 acts at the time cell fate is determined in wild type. We propose that lin-12 functions as a binary switch to control decisions between alternative cell fates during C. elegans development. PMID- 6616620 TI - Mutants of Dictyostelium discoideum blocked in expression of all members of the developmentally regulated discoidin multigene family. AB - Mutant strains of D. discoideum are described that can complete morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation but which express vastly reduced levels of the galactose binding lectins discoidin I and II (less than 1% and 1%-2% respectively) compared to the wild-type control. Mutant cells proceeding through development lack lectin activity, lectin protein, and specific lectin mRNA. In contrast, the genes encoding these proteins are present in their wild-type configurations in the genome. Since these proteins are encoded by four to five discrete genes, the mutations in these strains are most likely in genes involved in the regulation of the expression of members of this multigene family. The results also indicate that the discoidin lectins may not be required for fruiting body construction in this organism. Finally, coupled with the recent ability to transform D. discoideum, these mutants open the way to identification and isolation of regulatory genes and their products. PMID- 6616621 TI - Structure and activation of the human N-ras gene. AB - The normal human N-ras gene has been cloned. In structure and sequence it closely resembles the human H-ras and K-ras genes. The three genes share regions of nucleotide homology and nucleotide divergence within coding sequences and have a common intron/exon structure, indicating that they have evolved from a similarly spliced ancestral gene. The N-ras gene of SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells has transforming activity, while the normal N-ras gene does not, the result of a single nucleotide change substituting lysine for glutamine in position 61 of the N-ras gene product. From previous studies we conclude that amino acid substitutions in two distinct regions can activate the transforming potential of ras gene products. PMID- 6616622 TI - Molecular model of a eucaryotic transcription complex: functions and movements of influenza P proteins during capped RNA-primed transcription. AB - We present a model for the functions and movements of the influenza virus P proteins (PB1, PB2, and PA) as they transcribe the virion RNAs (vRNAs) into messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Using ultraviolet-light-induced crosslinking, we show that the P proteins as a complex move from the 3' ends of the vRNA templates down the elongating mRNAs. PB2 binds the cap 1 structure of heterologous RNAs, which are cleaved to generate capped primer fragments. PB1, initially found at the first residue added onto the primer, moves to the 3' ends of the growing mRNA chains, indicating that it most likely catalyzes each nucleotide addition. PA and PB2 move down the growing chains in concert with PB1. PB2 is also associated with the cap during the first 11-15 nucleotides of chain growth, but then dissociates from the cap as the P protein complex moves further down the mRNA chains. PMID- 6616624 TI - By searching processively RecA protein pairs DNA molecules that share a limited stretch of homology. AB - RecA protein promotes homologous pairing by a reaction in which the protein first binds stoichiometrically to single-stranded DNA in a slow presynaptic step, and then conjoins single-stranded and duplex DNA, thereby forming a ternary complex. RecA protein did not pair molecules that shared only 30 bp homology, but, with full efficiency, it paired circular single-stranded and linear duplex molecules in which homology was limited to 151 bp at one end of the duplex DNA. The initial rate of the pairing reaction was directly related to the length of the heterologous part of the duplex DNA, which we varied from 0 to 3060 base pairs. Since interactions involving the heterologous part of a molecule speed the location of a small homologous region, we conclude that RecA protein promotes homologous alignment by a processive mechanism involving relative motion of conjoined molecules within the ternary complex. PMID- 6616623 TI - Does the higher order structure of the influenza virus ribonucleoprotein guide sequence rearrangements in influenza viral RNA? AB - Subgenomic RNAs (sgRNAs) were isolated from defective interfering virus produced by high multiplicity passage of the human influenza strain A/PR/8/34. Cloning and sequencing of 35 unique sgRNAs revealed that many were about 400 nucleotides long, containing about 200 nucleotides from each of the 5' and 3' ends of a full length segment. Most of the sgRNAs were derived from segment 1, but there were examples from six other segments, including those encoding the haemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Our analysis of the sequence rearrangements found in sgRNAs indicates that they may be generated from the standard viral segments by a jumping viral polymerase that makes transitions between adjacent regions of the RNA template in the ribonucleoprotein tertiary structure. PMID- 6616625 TI - Enhancement of erythrophagocytosis by cyclophosphamide. AB - The effect of cyclophosphamide (Cy) on erythrophagocytosis carried out by peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) was evaluated. The results indicate that the treatment of BALB/c mice with a single high dose of Cy (200 mg/kg) increases the capability of PEC to ingest sensitized sheep red blood cells. Cy not only increases the percentage of PEC with engulfed erythrocytes, but also augments the activity of individual phagocytes. This effect is exerted upon both mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells and is probably due to the activation of receptors for the Fc fragment of IgG on PEC membranes, as unsensitized sheep erythrocytes are not phagocytized. Considering that Cy is one of the most used alkylating agents in treatment of immunological disorders and cancer chemotherapy, this enhancing effect on phagocytosis may be important in the regulation of host defense mechanisms. PMID- 6616626 TI - Electron microscopy of bone formed by syngeneic transplanted calvarial osteoblasts. PMID- 6616627 TI - The role of microtubules in pinocytosis. Inhibition of fluid-phase pinocytosis in the rat visceral yolk sac by mitoclasic and related agents. AB - Colchicine, demecolcine and vinblastine all effectively inhibited the pinocytic capture of 125I-labelled poly(vinylpyrrolidone) by rat visceral yolk sacs cultured in vitro. Complete inhibition did not occur until 2-3h after addition of mitoclasic agent and this delay appeared to be related to the mechanism of drug microtubule interaction rather than any difficulty of drug permeation into cells. Inhibition of pinocytosis by demecolcine was reversible, whereas inhibition by colchicine or vinblastine was not. In terms of dose-response demecolcine was slightly more effective than colchicine, but both were considerably more active than trimethylcolchicinic acid. Of the nine benzimidazoles tested for ability to inhibit pinocytosis, four severely retarded uptake and three were partially inhibitory. PMID- 6616628 TI - Responses of Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae to local stimulation by light. AB - Single amoebae of Dictyostelium discoideum were locally stimulated with microbeams of white and monochromatic light. Low illuminance stimulation favored formation of pseudopodia at the irradiated parts of the cells, high illuminance stimulation locally suppressed the extension of pseudopodia. When the high illuminance light spot was placed on any portion of the cell other than the moving front, no response could be observed. The results are compatible with the assumption that, during their phototactic response, single amoebae detect the direction of light by a shadowing effect caused by pigments like cytochromes, and/or by light scattering of particles in the cytoplasm. PMID- 6616629 TI - Cell-substrate interactions in amoeboid locomotion - a matched reflexion interference and transmission electron microscopy study. AB - Cell-substrate separation distance were measured on Naegleria gruberi amoebae moving in deionized H2O on an untreated glass substratum (weakly adhesive) and on a polylysine treated glass surface (strongly adhesive). The values obtained by transmission electron microscopy on fixed cells and reflexion interference microscopy on live cells were in broad agreement. PMID- 6616630 TI - Polypeptide synthesis in enucleated mouse fibroblasts. AB - The polypeptides synthesized in cytoplasts prepared from mouse L929 cells by cytochalasin-induced enucleation were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Nearly all detectable polypeptides made in parental whole cells were likewise made in cytoplasts, though in decreasing amounts, for up to at least 12 hours after enucleation. A similar analysis of cells treated with actinomycin D, an inhibitor of transcription, showed that such cells initially synthesized all of the polypeptides made by untreated cells. However, by 12 hours after treatment, the electrophoretic patterns produced by preparations of radiolabeled cells were highly aberrant, with some polypeptides apparently greatly overproduced relative to others. The results are consistent with the notion that physical removal of the nucleus disrupts the mechanisms regulating mRNA degradation in eukaryotic cells. PMID- 6616631 TI - [Recurrence after surgical treatment of peptic gastroduodenal ulcer]. PMID- 6616632 TI - [Submicroscopic structure of the mucosa of the human stomach under normal and pathologic conditions. V]. PMID- 6616633 TI - [Treatment of calcium metabolism disorders in Crohn's disease]. PMID- 6616635 TI - [Contribution to the diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis]. PMID- 6616634 TI - [Endoscopic treatment of choledocholithiasis]. PMID- 6616636 TI - [Current problems in pancreatology. Abstracts]. PMID- 6616637 TI - [Advances in gastroenterology. Abstracts]. PMID- 6616638 TI - [The personality of the gynecologist]. PMID- 6616639 TI - [Female patients after wedge-resection of the ovaries for Stein-Leventhal syndrome]. PMID- 6616640 TI - [Personal experience with acupuncture in the treatment of women with long standing hypogastric pain]. PMID- 6616642 TI - [Values of the N5 questionnaire for women after hysterectomy]. PMID- 6616641 TI - [Complications of surgical treatment of malignant ovarian tumors]. PMID- 6616643 TI - [Morphogenesis of the abdominal end of the paramesonephric ducts (study using the scanning electron microscope)]. PMID- 6616644 TI - [Evaluation of the consequences of cholestatic hepatosis in pregnancy]. PMID- 6616645 TI - [Analysis of the incidence of pregnancy anemia in the region of Litomerice]. PMID- 6616646 TI - [Graphic follow-up of pregnancies at risk]. PMID- 6616647 TI - [Complete surgical obliteration of the cervix uteri (Szendi's technic) in the treatment of threatened premature labor]. PMID- 6616648 TI - [Programmed labor in our practice]. PMID- 6616649 TI - [Use of monitors in the delivery room]. PMID- 6616650 TI - [Problems associated with the requirement for an orgasm in women in relation to enlightened publicity]. PMID- 6616651 TI - [First experience with rooming-in in an obstetric department of a type I hospital]. PMID- 6616652 TI - [A completed tubal pregnancy]. PMID- 6616653 TI - [A surgical solution to the collision of dizygotic twins and their condition 4 months after birth]. PMID- 6616654 TI - [Diffuse primary malignant mesothelioma of the abdominal cavity]. PMID- 6616655 TI - [Interaction of drugs with steroidal oral contraceptives]. PMID- 6616656 TI - [International development in our profession]. PMID- 6616657 TI - [Birth of a child after transfer of a short-term cultured into the ovarian tube]. PMID- 6616658 TI - [Circulating immunocomplexes in women with gynecologic tumors]. PMID- 6616659 TI - [Evidence of Chlamydia in the uterine cervix in women]. PMID- 6616660 TI - [Sex life after hysterectomy]. PMID- 6616661 TI - [The significance of graded cardiotocographic tracings in obstetrical practice]. PMID- 6616662 TI - [Study of fetal movements in the last months of pregnancy]. PMID- 6616663 TI - [Changes in the profilometric curve after surgery for stress incontinence in women]. PMID- 6616664 TI - [Mini-abortion - 3 years' experience in the district of Mlada Boleslav]. PMID- 6616666 TI - [Megaloblastic anemia in pregnancy]. PMID- 6616665 TI - [Spermatozoidal antigenic fraction - extraction and solubilization methods in practice]. PMID- 6616667 TI - [Primary pregnancy on the surface of the spleen]. PMID- 6616668 TI - [Extrauterine pregnancy in the 4th month of pregnancy]. PMID- 6616669 TI - [Persistent pruritus vulvae successfully treated with corticoid and alga ointments]. PMID- 6616670 TI - [Isolation of spermatozoidal antigens]. PMID- 6616671 TI - [New observations on pregnancy proteins]. PMID- 6616672 TI - [Lies and gynecology]. PMID- 6616673 TI - [Problems associated with requirements for orgasmic experience in women in view of enlightened publicity]. PMID- 6616674 TI - [Personal experience with committee family planning at the Institute for Continuing Education of Health Personnel]. PMID- 6616675 TI - [Prenatal treatment of fetal hypotrophy with long-term glucose infusion. XI. Effect of hospitalization]. PMID- 6616676 TI - [Prenatal treatment of fetal hypotrophy with long-term glucose infusion. XII. Final considerations]. PMID- 6616677 TI - [Personal experience with gravidometry]. PMID- 6616678 TI - [Determination of the site of infection in inflammations of the urinary tract and kidneys during pregnancy by the detection of increased levels of C-reactive protein]. PMID- 6616679 TI - [Comparison of the karyopycknotic index with estradiol levels in blood and its clinical significance]. PMID- 6616680 TI - [Contribution to the rapid diagnosis of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) of vaginal origin]. PMID- 6616681 TI - [Structure of psychological variability in females in the climacteric]. PMID- 6616682 TI - [Parameters of the ejaculate after successful treatment of infertility in men]. PMID- 6616683 TI - [Case report of a completed pregnancy in a rudimentary uterine horn]. PMID- 6616684 TI - [Invasive retroperitoneal tumor during a pregnancy in a rudimentary uterine horn]. PMID- 6616685 TI - [Monoclonal antibodies and the detection of hCG]. PMID- 6616686 TI - [List of factors with mutagenic and teratogenic effects on the fetus (drugs, chemical substances, ionizing radiation)]. PMID- 6616687 TI - [Induced abortion in the early stages of pregnancy]. PMID- 6616688 TI - [Health care and social influences on prenatal mortality in the East Bohemia region during the past 20 years]. PMID- 6616689 TI - [Environmental pollution as a risk factor in pregnancy]. PMID- 6616690 TI - [Rotavirus gastroenteritis - the most frequent diarrheal disease of infants and toddlers]. PMID- 6616691 TI - [The effect of beginning feeding on physiological cholestasis in newborn infants]. PMID- 6616692 TI - [Indications for renal biopsy in children]. PMID- 6616693 TI - [Sonographic analysis of painful crying of newborn infants and children with low birth weights during hyperbilirubinemia and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy]. PMID- 6616694 TI - [Malignant epilepsy in childhood]. PMID- 6616695 TI - [Psychogenic cough]. PMID- 6616696 TI - [Personal experience with the use of Lorcainide in the treatment of Wolff Parkinson-White syndrome in infants and older children]. PMID- 6616697 TI - [Treatment with ibuprofen from the viewpoint of the pediatric ophthalmologist]. PMID- 6616698 TI - [Blood pressure in hypotrophic and premature newborn infants]. PMID- 6616699 TI - [Combination of data on deceased persons with additional data from common statistics in the general assessment of health status. A. Basic methods and supplementation of mortality tables]. PMID- 6616700 TI - [Pilot study of the health status of 18-year-old men in a defined locality]. PMID- 6616701 TI - [Social work of physicians with oligophrenic children in institutional care]. PMID- 6616702 TI - [Can more detailed studies of ambulatory care costs be used to determine coefficients of economic requirements?]. PMID- 6616703 TI - [Wage policy in the health care system in East Germany]. PMID- 6616704 TI - [Physical exertion of work and non-work activities of rural men]. PMID- 6616705 TI - Interactions of cytostatic unsaturated ketonucleosides with sulfhydryl containing cell constituents. AB - The cytostatic unsaturated ketonucleosides, 1, 2, 3 and 4 are highly reactive sulfhydryl blocking agents. Kinetics of their reactions with reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured and their reactivity was compared to that of N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), acrylonitrile and chloroacetamide. Their reaction products with N-acetyl-L cysteine (AcCys) were prepared and characterized by chemical analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Compounds 1, 2 and 3 gave Michael type 1:1 addition products. Compound 4 reacted with AcCys by a three step mechanism; the primary addition product 8 underwent an unusual elimination reaction giving the unsaturated compound 9, which yielded the addition product 10 with AcCys. In the reaction with GSH, compound 4 behaved like a bifunctional SH alkylating agent. Compounds 1, 2, 3 and 4 also reacted with protein thiols as shown by their ability to inhibit lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Unsaturated ketonucleosides had diversified effect on L1210 leukemia cells. While the most potent cytostatics, compounds 1 and 3, reduced considerably the membrane surface SH level, they were without effect on soluble intracellular protein thiols. In contrast, nucleosides 2 and 4, less active than the former, only slightly affected the membrane surface sulfhydryls and considerably depleted the intracellular soluble protein thiols. Only slight differences were found between the reactions of the four nucleosides with non-protein SH (NPSH). The correlation found between in vivo biological activity and cell membrane impairment suggests that selective alkylation of certain key membrane thiols by unsaturated ketonucleosides might be an important event in their biological effect. PMID- 6616706 TI - Effects of isomeric aryldimethyltriazenes on Lewis lung carcinoma growth and metastases in mice. AB - The effects of the ortho and para isomers of aryldimethyltriazeno carboxylic and benzensulfonic acids and amides have been examined in mice bearing subcutaneous Lewis lung carcinoma. The toxicity of these compounds varies widely and does not correlate with the effects on tumor progression. The growth of subcutaneous primary tumor is unaffected or only marginally inhibited by all the tested compounds, while a marked depression in the formation of spontaneous lung metastasis is observed, with the exception of the sodium salt of the ortho benzensulfonic acid. The compounds showing the greatest activity on metastasis are the hydrosoluble salts of the ortho and para carboxylic acid and the para sulfonamido derivative, indicating that, in addition to the activity reported for the potassium salt of the para carboxylic acid, also its ortho isomer and the para sulfonamido derivative possess selective and pronounced antimetastatic effects. No correlation can be found between the reported effects on tumor progression and physicochemical parameters of the triazenes tested. PMID- 6616707 TI - Incorporation and persistence of 5-bromodeoxyuridine in newborn rat tissue DNA. AB - One-day-old BDVI rats were given a mixture 5-[3H]bromodeoxyuridine (BrUdR) and [14C]thymidine (each at 20 mg/kg; 12.8 and 3.53 mCi/mmol, respectively) by intraperitoneal injection. DNA was isolated by a phenol procedure from various pooled tissues up to 21 days later and the levels of BrUdR and thymidine incorporation were determined after formic acid hydrolysis and Dowex-50 chromatography. Incorporation increased to a maximum at 12 h then decreased, the decrease of both products occurring in parallel in all tissues examined but differing in kinetics from tissue to tissue. After 12 h, the relative amounts of 3H and 14C showed no consistent or marked decreases and this suggests that BrUdR is not actively removed from DNA by a repair process under these experimental conditions. This was also the case after a much lower dose of these agents (9 micrograms/kg [3H]BrUdR 22.6 Ci/mmol; 1.3 mg/kg [14C]thymidine 53 mCi/mmol) when the 3H/14C ratios in DNA from various tissues were increased relative to the higher dose and showed only slight differences between 15 h and 21 days after administration. PMID- 6616709 TI - Synthesis and antitumor activity of Pt(II) complexes containing 2,3 diaminopropanol isomers. PMID- 6616708 TI - Inhibition of unscheduled DNA synthesis in human lymphocytes by chemical carcinogens. AB - Freshly isolated human peripheral lymphocytes were treated with an alkylating agent immediately after collection and subsequently treated with UV radiation. This system was used because it represents a method for assaying damage in cells immediately after their removal from the host. The amount of UV-induced repair was measured as unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) by incorporation of [3H]deoxythymidine into the cellular DNA. The alkylating agents beta propiolactone (BPL) and methyl methane-sulfonate (MMS) inhibited UDS at concentrations of 0.08 mM and 0.6 mM, respectively. Lower concentrations had no effect. Lymphocytes allowed to remain in culture medium after treatment with the alkylating agents did not recover the ability to perform UV-induced UDS even when cells were irradiated 48 h after carcinogen treatment. The decrease in UV-induced UDS resulting from alkylating agent treatment could not be attributed to cell death. PMID- 6616710 TI - Synthesis of 2 alpha-methyl- and 2 beta-methyl-3-(substituted methyl)cephalosporins, and 2,3-diexomethylenecepham. PMID- 6616711 TI - Studies on the activities of tannins and related compounds from medicinal plants and drugs. I. Inhibitory effects on lipid peroxidation in mitochondria and microsomes of liver. PMID- 6616712 TI - A new class of nitrosoureas. VIII. Synthesis and antitumor activity of 3 substituted 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(trans-2-hydroxycyclohexyl)-1-nitrosoureas. PMID- 6616713 TI - Asymmetric alpha-substituted phenethylamines. III. The synthesis and analgesic activity of optically pure (S)- and (R)-1-aryl-2-phenylethylamines. PMID- 6616714 TI - Assay for pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylases in tissue extracts by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6616715 TI - New platelet aggregation inhibitors from Tan-Shen; radix of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. PMID- 6616716 TI - Studies on ergothioneine. X. Effects of ergothioneine on the hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme system and on experimental hepatic injury in rats. PMID- 6616717 TI - Studies on ergothioneine. XI. Inhibitory effect on lipid peroxide formation in mouse liver. PMID- 6616718 TI - Selectivity of utilization of galactosyl-oligosaccharides by bifidobacteria. PMID- 6616719 TI - Disturbing effect of cationic amphiphilic drugs on phospholipid asymmetry of the membrane lipid bilayer of human erythrocytes. PMID- 6616720 TI - Effects of oxygenated lanosterol analogs on cholesterol biosynthesis from lanosterol. PMID- 6616721 TI - The role of ergothioneine in the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide by metmyoglobin or methemoglobin. PMID- 6616722 TI - Effect of isoxazolyl-penicillin on the rectal absorption of ampicillin in rabbits and humans. PMID- 6616724 TI - Positive inotropic effect of helenalin, a sesquiterpene lactone, on guinea-pig myocardium. PMID- 6616723 TI - Change of lipid peroxide levels in mouse organs after adriamycin administration. PMID- 6616725 TI - Distribution of tryptophan metabolites in the organs of mice. PMID- 6616726 TI - Effects of cholesterol analogs on cholesterol biosynthesis from lanosterol. PMID- 6616727 TI - Effect of simultaneous administration of drugs on absorption and excretion. XVI. Effect of probenecid on plasma protein binding of sulfadimethoxine in fast and slow acetylator rabbits. PMID- 6616728 TI - Synthesis of a new potent anti-ulcer and gastric secretory inhibiting agent, (-) cis-2,3-dihydro-3-(4-methylpiperazinylmethyl)-2-phenyl-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H) one hydrochloride (BTM-1086), and related compounds. PMID- 6616729 TI - Synthesis of a newly isolated opioid tridecapeptide, rimorphin, from pituitary using a trifluoroacetic acid-thioanisole deprotection system. PMID- 6616730 TI - [Acquired retinoschisis]. PMID- 6616731 TI - [2 new cases of Harada's disease]. PMID- 6616732 TI - [Behcet's disease: our experience with plasma exchange. Apropos of 7 cases]. PMID- 6616733 TI - [Changes in the electroretinogram in uveitis]. PMID- 6616734 TI - [Sympathetic ophthalmia treated by plasma exchange]. PMID- 6616736 TI - [Quinine, transient myopia and angle-closure glaucoma]. PMID- 6616735 TI - [Residual effect of timoptol in ocular hypertension]. PMID- 6616737 TI - [Retro-equatorial myopexy of the superior rectus by the Cuppers' operation]. PMID- 6616738 TI - [Adjustable surgery in exotropia]. PMID- 6616739 TI - [Maculopathy in retinovitreous degeneration. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6616740 TI - [Retinal detachment in pseudophakia. First results and comments]. PMID- 6616741 TI - [Arterial systematization of the choroid]. PMID- 6616742 TI - [Maculopathy and chorioretinal paravascular atrophy]. PMID- 6616743 TI - [Comparative study of the treatments for edematous venous occlusion of the retina]. PMID- 6616744 TI - [Perforation of both eyeballs by self-mutilation]. PMID- 6616745 TI - [Congenital cysts of the iris and ciliary body]. PMID- 6616746 TI - [Results of our technic for dacryocystorhinostomy. Apropos of 115 cases]. PMID- 6616747 TI - [Indications for temporary indentation in the surgery of retinal detachment]. PMID- 6616748 TI - [Hypotonia cilioretinal detachment-uveitis syndrome. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6616749 TI - [Sectorial cuts and strips]. PMID- 6616750 TI - [Iris metastasis of a malignant sympathoblastoma in a newborn infant]. PMID- 6616751 TI - Pathological and biochemical aspects of tumour promotion. PMID- 6616752 TI - Inhibition of initiation and promotion by N-methylnitrosourea-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats by non-steroid anti-inflammatory agent indomethacin. AB - The non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, may play a role to prevent the chemically induced colon cancer development in rats. CD-Fischer rats were given 3 intrarectal doses of 4 mg N methyl-N-nitrosourea in week 1 as an initiation procedure to induce colon cancer. The experimental groups received a 0.001% water solution of indomethacin freely as drinking water at various times either during the initiation stage or the subsequent promotion stage. At autopsy in week 31, the treatment reduced the colon cancer development in the group of rats treated for week 1 (initiation stage), and for week 2-30 (early and late promotion stages) and for week 11-30 (late promotion stage), compared with untreated controls. However, removal of the treatment after effective treatment in promotion stage permitted the cancer development, and it suggests that the initiated cells are surviving during the treatment in promotion stage. It is concluded that indomethacin may inhibit methylnitrosourea-induced initiation and regulate promotion in colon carcinogenesis, presumably correlated with an inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in the colon by indomethacin. PMID- 6616753 TI - Structure-activity relationship amongst biliary acids showing comutagenic activity towards 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. AB - Secondary biliary acids act, in vitro, as co-mutagenic agents towards 1,2 dimethylhydrazine incubated in the presence of Salmonella typhimurium strain TA 100. The present report demonstrates an important structure-activity relationship with regard to this effect. The number and position of hydroxyl substituents, the configuration at various C atoms and the stereochemistry of the junction between rings A and B of the steroid moiety are parameters which influence the cogenotoxic activity. Beyond these structural parameters, the basic physico chemical properties of the biliary acids could be the key factor controlling their effects. Co-incubation of the various biliary acids reveals that the so called secondary compounds antagonise each other's activity; moreover, in the presence of a constant concentration of primary bile acids, the co-mutagenic effect is directly related to the amount of the secondary bile acids. The co mutagenic activity of the secondary biliary acids and its modulation by their mixing could be a key factor in the etiology of colon cancer. PMID- 6616754 TI - The in vivo tissue disposition and in vitro target-tissue metabolism of the tobacco-specific carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone in Syrian golden hamsters. AB - The tobacco-specific N-nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1 butanone (NNK), labeled with 14C in the carbonyl group, was given i.v. or s.c. to Syrian golden hamsters. Whole-body autoradiography indicated that NNK is distributed evenly in the intra- and extracellular tissue water and reaches all tissues. An accumulation of radioactivity was observed in the stomach contents, probably due to the basicity of NNK and its metabolites, which are trapped in the acid gastric juice. The basicity of these compounds is also responsible for their binding to the eye melanin. A high level of tissue-bound metabolites occurred in the mucosa of the ethmoturbinates, in the lungs and in the trachea, which are the targets for the carcinogenicity of NNK in the hamster. In the lungs and the trachea, the radioactivity was confined to the epithelium of the air-conducting ways (the bronchial, bronchiolar and tracheal epithelium). Microautoradiography of the nasal olfactory mucosa showed the highest labeling over Bowman's glands in the lamina propria mucosae. The liver was the only non-target tissue which retained detectable tissue-bound metabolites in vivo. Levels of in vitro degradation of NNK to tissue bound and unbound metabolites were the highest in the nasal mucosa. This tissue as well as the other target tissues - the lung and the trachea - produced considerable amounts of metabolites which are probably derived from alpha-carbon hydroxylations of NNK. In the liver, on the other hand, the main metabolite was a reduction product of NNK. Our results demonstrate that tumorigenesis is correlated with NNK metabolism and binding in the target tissues and support the hypothesis that alpha-carbon hydroxylation is the mechanism of activation of NNK. PMID- 6616755 TI - Estimation of N-hydroxy-o-toluidine, a urinary metabolite of o-toluidine and o nitrosotoluene, by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. AB - High-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, a highly sensitive and specific method, was used to determine N-hydroxy-o-toluidine and o toluidine in the urines of male F344 rats after the administration of 0.82 mmol/kg of o-toluidine or o-nitrosotoluene. In a six hour period, 0.11% of the dose was excreted by o-toluidine-treated rats as N-hydroxy-o-toluidine and 3.61% as o-toluidine. In the same period, 0.48% of the dose was excreted by o nitrosotoluene treated rats as N-hydroxy-o-toluidine and 0.38% as o-toluidine. The urinary excretion of the N-hydroxy-o-toluidine metabolite may play a role in the carcinogenicity of o-nitrosotoluene and o-toluidine toward the rat bladder. PMID- 6616756 TI - Induction of respiratory tract tumors in Syrian golden hamsters by a single dose of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and the effect of smoke inhalation. AB - Four groups of 10 male and 10 female Syrian golden hamsters were given single s.c. injections of either 0.3 ml of trioctanoin or of 0.3 ml of trioctanoin containing either 1.0 mg, 3.3 mg, or 10.0 mg of the tobacco specific carcinogen, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). These hamsters were then exposed to cigarette smoke for the next 72 weeks. Four control groups received the same injections of NNK or trioctanoin but were treated by sham smoking. All groups treated with NNK had tumors of either the lung, nasal mucosa, and/or trachea. These tumors were not observed in hamsters injected with trioctanoin. These results demonstrate that even a single dose of NNK can induce respiratory tract tumors in Syrian golden hamsters. Smoke inhalation did not result in an increase in respiratory tract tumor incidence in most of the NNK treated groups. PMID- 6616757 TI - Distribution of the carcinogenic tryptophan pyrolysis product Trp-P-1 in control, 9-hydroxyellipticine and beta-naphthoflavone pretreated mice. AB - Autoradiograms obtained 1-4 h after i.v. injection of the 14C-labelled carcinogenic tryptophan pyrolysis product Trp-P-1 to albino and pigmented mice showed a pronounced uptake of radioactivity in the lymphatic system (thymus, lymph nodes, bone marrow and spleen), in the endocrine system (hypophysis, thyroid, adrenal medulla) and in the liver, kidney medulla and brain. High radioactivity was present in the excretory pathways, predominantly in the bile/intestinal contents. At longer post-injection times (24 h to 6 days) most of the labelled substance had left the tissues, except for the liver which still retained a high concentration of radioactivity. Trp-P-1 is known to be activated by cytochrome P-448. The uptake of radioactivity in the liver could be reduced by pretreatment with the cytochrome P-448 inhibitor 9-hydroxyellipticine suggesting that the observed accumulation of radioactivity in the liver was partly due to metabolites of Trp-P-1. After pretreatment with the cytochrome P-448 inducer beta naphthoflavone, the administration of Trp-P-1 resulted in a highly selective accumulation of radioactivity in the lung parenchyma, exceeding all other tissues in the body. beta-Naphthoflavone pretreatment also increased the uptake of radioactivity in the kidney cortex and small intestinal mucosa. As indicated by a high labelling of the pigmented tissues of the maternal and fetal eye, the carcinogen and/or its metabolites were accumulated in melanin. PMID- 6616758 TI - Synthesis of putative oxidized metabolites of 8-methylbenzo[a]pyrene. AB - Synthesis is described of trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydro-8-methylbenzo[a]pyrene and trans-7,8-dihydroxy-anti-9,10-epoxy-8-methyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a] pyrene, potential proximate and ultimate carcinogenic metabolites, respectively, of 8-methylbenzo[a]pyrene. PMID- 6616759 TI - Clastogenic action of tumor promoter phorbol-12-myristate-13 acetate in mixed human leukocyte cultures. AB - The tumor promoter phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) induces chromosomal aberrations in mitogen stimulated human lymphocyte cultures containing monocytes, polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and platelets. Such cultures produce a diffusible clastogenic factor (CF) in response to PMA which causes aberrations in fresh blood cultures which have not been exposed to PMA. We have studied the contribution of monocytes, PMN and platelets to CF formation. 'Pure' lymphocyte cultures (containing no platelets and maximally 1% PMN and 2% monocytes) only produced CF when they were in contact with 1 to 1.8 X 10(6) monocytes attached to plastic during PMA treatment (18.5 +/- 5.3% mitosis with aberrations for CF produced in the presence of monocytes relative to 6.0 +/- 4% in their absence). They also produced CF of increasing potency upon addition of 0.25 to 5 X 10(6) PMN (20.5 +/- 5.9% mitosis with aberrations for CF produced in the presence of 5 X 10(6) PMN). Cultures containing 5-10 platelets/lymphocyte also formed CF upon PMA treatment. Cultures of purified monocytes and PMN were capable of producing CF in the absence of lymphocytes. The presence of bovine erythrocyte CuZn superoxide dismutase during PMA treatment decreased the activity of the resulting CF under all conditions. Catalase prevented CF production from PMN. It is concluded that the presence of monocytes, PMN or platelets is a prerequisite for CF formation by PMA. Neoplastic tissue is usually surrounded by inflammatory leukocytes. CF produced by these cells in response to tumor promoters such as PMA may induce chromosomal damage in the neighboring tumor cells. PMID- 6616760 TI - Abnormal response of ataxia-telangiectasia cells to agents that break the deoxyribose moiety of DNA via a targeted free radical mechanism. AB - A defect in DNA repair coupled to anomalous DNA synthesis after induction of certain radiogenic DNA damage is suspected to underlie the radiosensitivity of cells from patients with ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T). The response of cultured skin fibroblasts from A-T patients and A-T heterozygotes to six agents inducing various levels of DNA strand breakage by different mechanisms was studied to obtain further information on the nature of the 'A-T critical DNA lesion'. The A T cells showed varying degrees of hypersensitivity to the cytotoxic action of the quinone-containing anti-tumor antibiotics streptonigrin and adriamycin and to hydrogen peroxide. This hypersensitivity was accompanied by reduced inhibition of DNA synthesis compared to normal cells after treatment with these agents. A limited degree of cellular hypersensitivity that was not sufficient to allow for definition of a separate sensitivity range was shown by A-T heterozygous cells. On the other hand, the A-T cells showed a normal response to paraquat, saframycin A and ellipticine. Taken together with previous results showing hypersensitivity of A-T cells to ionizing radiation, bleomycin and neocarzinostatin, these data indicate that the critical DNA lesion in A-T cells is a strand break caused by deoxyribose destruction following the action of free radicals targeted into the DNA. PMID- 6616761 TI - The influence of surgical transection and anastomosis on the rate of cell proliferation in the colonic epithelium of normal and DMH-treated rats. AB - Normal and DMH-treated male rats aged 18-20 weeks underwent surgical transection and anastomosis of the transverse colon. Animals were subsequently killed at intervals of 14, 30 and 72 days. Three hours prior to sacrifice animals were injected with vinblastine sulphate and mitotic indices were subsequently estimated in histological sections. Possible differences between experimental and control groups were tested using a Student's t-test. The results show that the accumulated mitotic indices in normal and DMH-treated colon are statistically similar. The results also show that transection and anastomosis stimulates cell division in both normal and DMH-treated colon and that the increase is of greater amplitude and more prolonged duration in the DMH-treated rats. Carcinomas developed close to the line of anastomosis in DMH-treated but not in control rats. The results support the hypothesis that non-specific injury to hyperplastic colonic epithelium promotes carcinogenesis. PMID- 6616762 TI - Modification of pancreatic carcinogenesis in the hamster model. 5. Effect of partial pancreatico-colostomy. AB - Studies were conducted to evaluate the possibility of a bile reflux mechanism in the etiology of induced pancreatic cancer. N-Nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP) was administered to Syrian hamsters after partial pancreatico-colostomy. Either the gastric or the splenic lobe of the pancreas was anastomosed to the transverse colon in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Group 3 were sham-operated controls and group 4 were controls without surgery. Shortly after surgery all 4 groups received a single subcutaneous BOP injection (20 mg/kg body weight) and survivors were sacrificed 46 weeks after BOP treatment. BOP-induced pancreatic tumor patterns were not altered by pancreatico-colostomy when compared with those in sham-operated controls. In all BOP-treated hamsters the number and distribution of benign and malignant lesions were similar in each individual pancreatic segment, including the anastomosed lobe (A-lobe); some hamsters developed tumors only in the A-lobe. As in other pancreatic regions, the initial hyperplasia in the A-lobe primarily affected peri- and intra-insular ductules and less frequently involved the ducts. These findings support the theory that the carcinogen is bloodborne and indicate that BOP-responsive pancreatic cells are distributed on a volume basis in distinct proportions within the pancreatic segments. As in previous experiments a higher incidence of pancreatic neoplasms was found in BOP-treated controls (those not operated upon) than in partially pancreatico-colostomized hamsters, including those with sham operations. Hyperplastic and dyplastic development of colonic mucosa around the anastomosis could be related to a local effect of carcinogen or of its metabolites, which are known to be excreted via pancreatic secretions. PMID- 6616763 TI - Binding of 5,9-dimethyl dibenzo[c,g]carbazole, a potent hepatocarcinogen, to mouse hepatic cytosolic proteins. AB - 5,9-Dimethyl dibenzo[c,g]carbazole (5,9-diMe DBC) is a powerful organ-specific liver carcinogen in mice. Its binding to liver cytosolic proteins has been studied in vivo and in vitro with the aid of a tritium-labelled sample. Only two classes of proteins fractionated on Sephadex G100 appear to be involved in this binding: one class of high mol. wt. proteins (greater than 100 000) and another of around 45 000. The latter class contains all the glutathione-S-transferase activity (GST). The bound radioactivity has been determined after incubation in the presence or absence of microsomes. The in vivo binding has been investigated as a function of time. A highly significant covalent and noncovalent binding of 5,9-diMe DBC mostly to GST has been observed after metabolic activation. PMID- 6616764 TI - Effect of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on polyamine metabolism in mice sensitive and resistant to lung-adenoma. AB - Ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamine concentrations were determined in the lungs of mice from 0 to 20 h after treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (17.7 nmol in 0.2 ml acetone/mouse). In CFLP mice, which responded to carcinogen with development of lung-adenomas, a single topical application of TPA to hairless mouse skin increased ornithine decarboxylase activity in the lung. In contrast, in C3H/He-mg mouse strain, which were resistant to lung-adenoma production, TPA application did not increase ODC activity of the lungs. PMID- 6616765 TI - The effect of angiotensin and vasopressin blockade separately and in combination with cerebellectomy on recovery from hemorrhagic hypotention. AB - We demonstrated previously that cerebellectomy or ablation of the fastigial nuclei (FN) in the dog impairs markedly the restoration of blood pressure and increases the death rate after severe hypotension. Angiotensin (AII) and vasopressin (AVP) participate in the pressor response to hypotension, and plasma levels of both are increased by electrical stimulation of the FN. The present studies examined the importance of the FN in mediating the secretion of AII and AVP after hemorrhage to 50 mm Hg. Cerebellectomy reduced significantly both the rate of recovery and level of maintenance of blood pressure after hemorrhage. Blockade of conversion of AI of AII with captopril produced a similar deficit, and combination of both treatments produced a greater impairment than either alone. Treatment with an AVP antagonist decreased the level of maintenance of blood pressure but not be initial rate of recovery. The AVP antagonist in combination with cerebellectomy did not produce a greater deficit than cerebellectomy alone. This would suggest that although the cerebellum mediates some activation of the renin-angiotensin system during severe hypotension, it may mediate most of the AVP secretion under these conditions. PMID- 6616766 TI - Effects of phenytoin on regional cerebral blood flow, electroencephalogram, and electrolyte contents in cerebral blood and cerebral cortex following total cerebral ischemia in dogs. AB - To study the protective effect of phenytoin on postischemic brain damage, total cerebral ischemia was produced for 8-12 min (aortic occlusion balloon catheter method) in 36 adult mongrel dogs. The regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), sodium:potassium ratio in the cerebral cortex, electroencephalogram (EEG), and plasma electrolytes in the superior sagittal sinus blood were examined before ischemia and during the acute stage up to 120 min after recirculation in the control and phenytoin-treated groups. Measurement of rCBF (microsphere method) indicated easing of postischemic hypoperfusion of the cerebral cortex. The time from total cerebral ischemia to EEG electrical silence was significantly prolonged, and recovery of the electrical activity after recirculation was hastened. The increase in plasma potassium concentration in the superior sagittal sinus tended to be suppressed immediately after recirculation, and the sodium:potassium ratio in the cerebral cortex was lowered. Phenytoin increased the rCBF in the cerebral cortex, hastened the recovery of electrical activity, and stabilized the water and electrolyte balance in the cerebral cortex, suggesting some protecting effect on total cerebral ischemia. PMID- 6616767 TI - Endogenous nickel release as a possible cause of coronary vasoconstriction and myocardial injury in acute burn of rats. AB - The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that endogenous nickel release may play a role in myocardial depression in the acute phase of burn shock in rats. Serum nickel concentration (Se-Ni) measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, the sensitivity of isolated perfused hearts to exogenous nickel chloride (0.01 mumol/l), and ultrastructural myocardial alterations, as well as subcellular localization of endogenous Ni by the dimethylglyoxim method, were analyzed in the first week after standardized third-degree full thickness skin thermal burn covering 20-25% of the body surface. In the first 2 days after burn a significant fivefold increase of Se-Ni concentration was observed which leveled off by the end of the first postburn week. The coronary vascular resistance increasing effect of exogenous NiCl2 grew significantly in the first 3 h after burn, decreased to control in the 2nd postburn day, and increased again in the second half of the week after burn. Both ultrastructural damages and nickel containing reaction products could be observed in the myocardium 7 days after burn. The experimental results suggest that endogenous nickel release may play a role in coronary vasospasm and consequent myocardial depression in the acute phase of burn shock in the rat. PMID- 6616768 TI - Is the heart a significant target organ in the various forms of noncardiogenic shock? PMID- 6616769 TI - Ectopic left atrial rhythm that produces QRS changes in absence of Wolff Parkinson-White syndrome. AB - In an 18-year-old patient without manifest or concealed Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, spontaneous and paced left atrial impulses penetrated a left-sided AV nodal input and thereafter activated the ventricles in a normal fashion exclusively through the His-Purkinje system. On the other hand, sinus and paced right atrial impulses entered a right-sided atrioventricular nodal input that was completely dissociated from the left-sided input to subsequently activate the ventricles partly through Mahaim fibers and partly through the His-Purkinje system. The Mahaim fibers, which acted as "bystanders" during episodes of atrioventricular nodal reciprocating tachycardia, seemed to have extended from a "distal," common (right-sided) intranodal pathway (or "proximal" His bundle) to the right ventricle or, although this is less likely, to the right bundle branch. More studies are necessary to determine whether the association on the surface electrocardiogram of an ectopic slow left atrial rhythm with changes in QRS morphology (but not in QRS duration) always reflects the existence of Mahaim fibers. PMID- 6616770 TI - Inhibition in the human heart. PMID- 6616771 TI - Left ventricular geometry in infants with d-transposition of the great arteries and intact interventricular septum. PMID- 6616772 TI - The use of radionuclide angiography in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease- a logistic regression analysis. AB - We applied logistic regression analysis to a group of 736 patients with chest pain to determine which radionuclide angiographic (RNA) parameters were most useful in the diagnosis of significant coronary artery disease. The most useful parameters were exercise ejection fraction, exercise heart rate, "ischemia score," and the presence of a regional wall motion abnormality at exercise. Ten clinical variables were used in one logistic regression model to estimate each patient's pretest probability of disease. A second logistic regression model considered these clinical variables and the four important RNA parameters to estimate each patient's posttest probability. These models were applied prospectively to a group of 76 patients with chest pain who did not have a high pretest probability of disease. Twenty-four patients (32%) could be diagnosed with 90% probability; 32 patients (42%) could be diagnosed with 85% probability. RNA testing is therefore helpful in the noninvasive diagnosis of coronary artery disease. However, a majority of patients who do have a low or intermediate pretest probability of disease will require additional testing for a definitive diagnosis. PMID- 6616774 TI - Miscuffing: inappropriate blood pressure cuff application. AB - For the accurate indirect measurement of blood pressure (BP), the American Heart Association (AHA) now recommends that cuff size should be based solely on limb circumference. We studied prevailing cuffing habits and compared them with newly revised AHA guidelines. Monitoring our staff's cuff applications, we found that "miscuffing" occurred in 65 (32%) of 200 BP determinations on 167 unselected adult outpatients, including 61 (72%) of 85 readings taken on "nonstandard" size arms. Undercuffing large arms was the most frequent error, accounting for 84% of the miscuffings. Considering that miscuffing distorts BP readings by an average of 8.5 mm Hg systolic and 4.6 mm Hg diastolic, we can improve the accuracy of our BP determinations by remarking our cuffs and using the new AHA guidelines. PMID- 6616773 TI - Value of partial ejection fraction, volume increment, and regional wall motion in identifying patients with clinically significant coronary artery disease. AB - Recent studies suggest that the partial ejection fraction (EF) in early systole is a more sensitive index of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction than the holosystolic EF. We examined LV volume, partial EF, and volume increment at each of 12 time points in systole to determine which parameter best distinguishes normal subjects from patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Contrast ventriculograms, obtained either in the right anterior oblique projection (60 frames/sec) or in the biplane projection (30 frames/sec), of 58 normal subjects and 68 patients with CAD were studied. The endocardial contour in each frame of a sinus beat was traced to derive a volume curve. At each twelfth of systole, LV volume was extrapolated from the curve and the partial EF was calculated. The increment in volume between successive time points was also calculated. Both partial EF and LV volume in patients with CAD became progressively more abnormal with time; peak abnormality occurred at end-systole. In a subgroup of patients with CAD who had normal holosystolic EF, both partial EF and volume were normal throughout systole. The increment in volume with each twelfth of systole in patients with CAD deviated less than 1 SD from normal throughout systole. Thus, maximum abnormality in partial EF and volume occurs at end-systole. Of the parameters of global LV function tested, holosystolic EF best distinguishes patients with CAD from normal subjects. However, regional wall motion measured in the area of interest is more sensitive to localized abnormality, the severity of which may be overestimated or underestimated by the EF due to hyperkinesis or hypokinesis in other regions of the left ventricle. PMID- 6616775 TI - Functional His-Purkinje system behavior during sudden ventricular rate acceleration in man. PMID- 6616776 TI - Electrophysiologic effects of adenosine-5'-triphosphate on atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia. PMID- 6616777 TI - Range- and azimuth-dependent variability of image texture in two-dimensional echocardiograms. AB - Regional two-dimensional (2D) echocardiographic amplitude patterns, or image texture, may be of diagnostic importance. Echocardiographic image texture is due in part to acoustic speckle, a complex pattern of interference of reflections from many small scatterers in tissue. The regional speckle pattern appears to be altered in several disorders associated with abnormalities in myocardial structure but also may be altered by a variety of characteristics of the scanning instrument. We hypothesized that quantitative measures of regional 2D echocardiographic image texture would vary as a function of position in range and azimuth within the field of view, even when imaging a uniform ensemble of scatterers. We tested this hypothesis by imaging a tissue-equivalent phantom with two phased-array scanners and two different methods of digitization. We analyzed the texture in several regions of interest separated in range and azimuth and found significant differences in quantitative texture measures as a function of position of the region of interest in the sector field of view (p values .006 to .0001 by multivariate analysis of variance). We found significant regional variability in texture with both scanners and both methods of digitization. We conclude that regional quantitative image texture in 2D echocardiograms varies as a function of range and azimuth, even when imaging a uniform ensemble of scatterers. This variability is related to several physical and instrument related phenomena and precludes interpreting all regional texture alterations as indicating tissue structural abnormalities. PMID- 6616778 TI - Dynamic mammalian cardiogenesis investigated by high-resolution ultrasound in guinea pigs. PMID- 6616779 TI - Bradycardia-dependent triggered activity: relevance to drug-induced multiform ventricular tachycardia. AB - We used cesium chloride (CsCl) for electrophysiologic studies in canine hearts in vivo and in vitro to examine the mechanisms underlying ventricular arrhythmias that are related to prolonged repolarization. Cesium is known to depress normal ventricular automaticity and some experimental arrhythmias by blocking delayed outward currents and prolonging action potential duration. In 10 dogs in normal sinus rhythm, 1 to 1.5 mM/kg iv CsCl prolonged the QT (QU) interval and induced ventricular ectopy in all, including multiform ventricular tachycardia. In 12 dogs with atrioventricular block, 1 to 1.5 mM/kg iv CsCl produced marked suppression of idioventricular rates (from 45 +/- 6 to 8 +/- 4 beats/min). These low rates were then associated with bigeminy or bursts of multiform ventricular arrhythmia. Pacing at rates of 60 beats/min or more suppressed these arrhythmias. Low doses of tetrodotoxin (1 microgram/kg) also abolished these bradycardia dependent arrhythmias without affecting the amplitude of ventricular electrograms. Tissue concentrations of cesium were determined by anatomic absorption spectroscopy in five dogs after injection of 1 mM/kg CsCl. Thirty minutes after the injection, cesium levels in Purkinje fibers were 5.3 +/- 1.0 mM/kg, levels in ventricular muscle were 4.6 +/- 0.9 mM/kg, and levels in atrial muscle were 4.1 +/- 0.8 mM/kg. In eight isolated endocardial preparations from canine ventricles, standard microelectrode techniques were used to study the effects of superfusion with 5 mM cesium. After 30 min, we observed early afterdepolarizations interrupting phase 3 of Purkinje fiber action potentials that already showed prolonged repolarization. Slowing the rate generated single or multiple action potentials arising from partially repolarized levels of membrane potentials (-80 to -65 mV). Pacing rates of 30 to 60 beats/min diminished the afterdepolarizations and suppressed the spontaneous beats. Tetrodotoxin at a concentration of 10(-8) g/ml, which did not affect upstroke velocity, abolished the afterpotentials. We conclude that cesium induced bradycardia-dependent ventricular arrhythmias caused by early afterdepolarizations. These data suggest that an inward current, probably carried by sodium ions, appears to be essential for the occurrence of this phenomenon. The association of delayed repolarization, afterdepolarizations, and triggered activity has similarities to the phenomenon of drug-induced prolongation of the QTU interval associated with multiform ventricular tachycardia in humans, i.e. "torsades de pointes." PMID- 6616780 TI - Ventricular fibrillation in a conscious canine preparation of sudden coronary death--prevention by short- and long-term amiodarone administration. PMID- 6616781 TI - Action of sotalol on potential reentrant pathways and ventricular tachyarrhythmias in conscious dogs in the late postmyocardial infarction phase. AB - Sotalol is a beta-adrenergic blocker that also prolongs action potential duration and myocardial refractoriness over the short term (class III effect). Its short term antiarrhythmic effects were compared with those of metoprolol, which has neither short-term class III nor membrane-stabilizing action, on reentrant ventricular arrhythmias produced by programmed stimulation in 17 conscious dogs 3 to 8 days after myocardial infarction. Ventricular arrhythmias were prevented or significantly slowed by sotalol in 11 of 19 studies (58%) compared with in one of 14 (7%) studies with metoprolol. Sotalol prolonged refractoriness in the infarct zone, measured from an implanted "composite" electrode, by 41 +/- 45% (mean +/- SD, p less than .01), which was significantly greater than the increases it produced in effective refractory period of the normal ventricle (14.0 +/- 5.5%) or QT interval (12.5 +/- 7.8%). Metoprolol had no effect on infarct-zone refractoriness. Sotalol differentially increases refractoriness in potential reentry circuits in ischemic myocardium. Its antiarrhythmic effect in this model is not due to beta-blockade, and is presumably related to prolongation of action potential duration. PMID- 6616782 TI - Quantitative x-ray microanalysis of the elemental composition of individual myocytes in hypoxic rabbit myocardium. AB - The purpose of this study was to use energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis to test the following hypotheses: (1) that individual myocytes may exhibit important variation in the severity of alterations in intracellular ionic homeostasis in response to hypoxia and (2) that hypoxic myocytes may accumulate certain elements in quantities sufficient to impair organellar function and structure. A rabbit interventricular septal preparation with attached small right ventricular papillary muscles was used to obtain control oxygenated myocardium (six papillary muscles) and myocardium rendered hypoxic for 1 to 1 1/2 hr (n = 8). Myocardium not perfused in vitro was also obtained (n = 4). Microanalysis was performed on freeze-dried thin sections of unfixed papillary muscles. Elemental concentrations were determined by suitable cryostandards of elements of interest. Sarcoplasm and mitochondria of most hypoxic myocytes exhibited significant alterations of diffusible elements, including increases in sodium and chloride and decreases in potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium, without major change in calcium. The most severely altered myocytes showed evidence of calcium overloading manifested by markedly increased levels of mitochondrial calcium and phosphorus associated with formation of electron-dense mitochondrial inclusions. Levels of mitochondrial calcium and phosphorus exceeded those previously found to markedly impair the function and structure of isolated mitochondria. Thus x-ray microanalysis of unfixed cryosections provides direct measurements of subcellular alterations in elemental composition of individual myocytes in injured myocardium and demonstrates that both calcium and phosphorus accumulate in mitochondria of severely injured myocytes in concentrations sufficient to exert deleterious effects on these organelles. PMID- 6616783 TI - Artificial hearts and blood pumps in the treatment of profound heart failure. AB - The recent clinical use of a pneumatic artificial heart at the University of Utah has focused attention on the role of blood pumps in the support of the circulation. Pneumatically powered assist pumps are now in clinical trials in patients with profound but reversible heart failure after open-heart surgery; survival rates as high as 50% in a heretofore lethal condition have been encouraging. The results of animal studies with the pneumatic artificial heart suggest that these devices are ready for clinical trials; the major application is likely to be as a bridge to cardiac transplantation. Implantable electric motor-driven assist pumps and artificial hearts are being evaluated in animals as permanent cardiac support or replacement devices; clinical use is projected to begin late in this decade. Initially, these devices will be employed in patients with end-stage cardiac disease who are not suitable candidates for cardiac transplantation or for whom donor hearts are not available. The availability of compact blood pumps will offer new forms of therapy to patients with certain types of profound heart failure. PMID- 6616784 TI - Quantitative assessment of myocardial ischemia and necrosis by continuous vectorcardiography and measurement of creatine kinase release in patients. AB - The accuracy of the use of the maximal QRS vector difference to estimate myocardial infarct size irrespective of infarct location was compared with that of measurement of cumulative creatine kinase (CK) release. Sixty patients with acute myocardial infarction and a history of symptoms of less than 4 hr duration were followed for 24 to 72 hr with orthogonal vectorcardiography and CK release analysis. Spatial QRS vector differences were calculated between the first QRS complex recorded and subsequent QRS complexes at timed intervals. The QRS vector difference increased rapidly and reached a plateau at an average 12.1 hr after onset of symptoms, as compared with 34.0 hr for the cumulated CK release. In 42% of the patients a stepwise progression of infarct evolution was observed. Irrespective of infarct location the maximal spatial ST vector magnitude was related to the ultimate QRS vector difference (r = .80) and to the cumulative amount of CK released (r = .64). Furthermore, maximal QRS vector difference correlated well with the maximal cumulative CK release (r = .64) Ten patients had possible infarct expansion, as indicated by recurrent QRS changes without concomitant CK release. Fifteen patients had infarct extension that was indicated by secondary CK release and that in seven patients was associated with further QRS changes. Infarct extension caused an approximate 25% increase in infarct size. Spatial ST vector magnitude, QRS vector difference, and cumulative CK release are complementary measures in the quantification of evolving myocardial injury after acute coronary occlusion and in the determination of sequels to therapeutic interventions. PMID- 6616785 TI - Selective coronary arteriography in infants and children. AB - The recent increase in incidence of Kawasaki disease with attendant coronary artery aneurysms spurred our interest in developing a technique for selective coronary arteriographic examination of infants and children. Right and left coronary artery catheters were shaped according to the aortic root diameters and ascending aorta lengths predicted from the patient's heights. Thirty-eight studies were done in 34 patients who were 7 months to 18 years of age (median 3.2 years) and no permanent sequelae resulted. Advantages of the use of selective coronary arteriography include the ability to visualize stenoses, important branches, and intercoronary anastomoses. The technique is also useful in evaluation of anomalous coronary arteries, myocardial ischemia, and coronary artery distribution before right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction. PMID- 6616786 TI - Efficacy of exercise training in patients with coronary artery disease who are taking propranolol. AB - The effects of beta-adrenergic blockade on the efficacy of exercise training in patients with coronary artery disease were assessed in a community-based cardiac rehabilitation program. Twenty-five patients took no beta-adrenergic-blocking agent and 17 patients took a constant dose of propranolol during the 3 month study period. Individual exercise prescriptions consisted of an intensity of 70% of maximal workload monitored by heart rate, performed 20 min each session, three sessions per week. Both groups improved in maximal exercise capacity: from 8.7 +/ 1.9 (mean +/- SD) to 9.7 +/- 2.1 mets (p less than .01) in those not taking propranolol and from 6.6 +/- 1.5 to 7.7 +/- 1.8 mets (p less than .01) in those taking the drug. At a workload of 70% of maximal achieved at pretraining testing, heart rate decreased with training from 123 +/- 19 to 113 +/- 17 beats/min (p less than .01) in those not taking propranolol and from 97 +/- 14 to 92 +/- 12 beats/min (p less than .05) in those taking the drug. At a workload of 85% of pretraining maximum, heart rate similarly was lowered with training from 138 +/- 17 to 126 +/- 17 beats/min (p less than .01) in those not taking a beta-blocker and from 107 +/- 13 to 102 +/- 13 beats/min (p less than .02) in those taking propranolol. Thus patients with coronary disease who take propranolol have the same potential to benefit from physical training as patients who do not take beta blockers, and exercise does not need to be modified because of the drug. PMID- 6616787 TI - Effects of nifedipine on coronary hemodynamic findings during exercise in patients with stable exertional angina. AB - To investigate the mechanism by which nifedipine improves exercise tolerance in patients with coronary artery disease, we studied 14 patients with stable exertional angina and left anterior descending artery disease by measuring great cardiac vein flow (GCVF) and calculating anterior regional coronary resistance (ARCR) during exercise before and after sublingual administration of 20 mg of nifedipine. After nifedipine seven patients (group I) had no increase in exercise capacity and showed a similar magnitude of ST segment depression at peak exercise, while another seven patients (group II) had prolonged exercise duration (p less than .001) with less ST segment depression at peak exercise (p less than .01). Such effects were achieved despite a significant increase in double product, an indirect index of myocardial oxygen consumption. In group I patients no significant change was induced by nifedipine in GCVF or in ARCR either at rest or at peak exercise. In contrast, in group II patients nifedipine significantly increased GCVF at rest (p less than .05) and at peak exercise (p less than .001). Moreover, resting ARCR was decreased (p less than .01) and remained significantly lower at peak exercise (p less than .01) compared with the prenifedipine values. These data show that nifedipine may increase GCVF and decrease ARCR at rest and at peak exercise in patients with left anterior descending artery disease. Such increase in myocardial oxygen supply seems the most likely mechanism by which nifedipine may improve exercise capacity in patients with stable exertional angina. PMID- 6616788 TI - Effects of low-dose dobutamine on coronary hemodynamics, myocardial metabolism, and anginal threshold in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - Fourteen patients with coronary artery disease and normal or near-normal left ventricular function were studied at rest and during atrial pacing until the occurrence of angina (12 patients) before and during infusion of dobutamine (3.80 +/- 0.45 micrograms/kg/min). At rest, during the infusion, three patients developed chest pain, mean ST segment depression increased from 0.02 to 0.08 mV (p less than .001), and myocardial lactate extraction fell from +17.5% to -1.4% (p less than .05). These ischemic changes were associated with significant increases in arterial systolic pressure (134 to 149 mm Hg), heart rate (79 to 91 beats/min), coronary sinus flow (89 to 113 ml/min), and myocardial oxygen consumption (10.8 to 13.5 cc/min). In contrast, during atrial pacing, dobutamine did not reduce the pacing threshold or further increase myocardial oxygen consumption or ST segment changes; however, arterial mean and diastolic pressures were significantly lower with pacing during dobutamine infusion compared with control pacing. In the absence of heart failure, dobutamine in low doses can cause myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease. The absence of increased ischemia from dobutamine during pacing may reflect reversal of pacing-induced ventricular dysfunction. PMID- 6616789 TI - Tolerance to isosorbide dinitrate: rate of development and reversal. AB - The circulatory response and plasma concentrations of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) were determined in 10 patients with chronic, stable angina after administration of 5 mg of sublingual ISDN during the control stage, after 48 hr of therapy with 15 mg of ISDN orally every 6 hr, and subsequently after a 48 hr period when ISDN was substituted by placebo four times daily. Initially, sublingual ISDN induced major reductions in both supine and standing systolic and diastolic blood pressure, but after 45 hr of therapy with oral ISDN, there was a significantly diminished vasodepressor response in both positions. Subsequently, when placebo was substituted for ISDN, the circulatory response initially seen was restored within 21 hr. Plasma ISDN concentrations after the test sublingual dose were slightly higher after 48 hr of oral ISDN dosing (i.e., the tolerant state) than at the start of the study. This suggests that tolerance is unlikely to be caused by reduced bioavailability or accelerated elimination of ISDN. It is possible that tolerance is related to accumulation of ISDN metabolites. The attenuation of the circulatory response to ISDN may be related to the altered antianginal efficacy commonly seen during sustained therapy with ISDN. PMID- 6616790 TI - Intra-aortic balloon pumping in infants and children. AB - From November 1981 to November 1982, intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) was used after surgery in eight patients who were from 6 weeks to 6 years old and who weighed from 4.2 to 16.2 kg. In seven patients, specially constructed intra aortic balloons with 2.5 and 5.0 ml volumes mounted on No. 5F catheters were used. In the largest and oldest patient, a two-chamber 10 ml balloon was used. The pumping module used was the Datascope System 82. Effective diastolic augmentation of arterial pressure was accomplished in seven of the eight patients and suprasystolic diastolic augmentation was accomplished in four. The two youngest and smallest patients are the only long-term survivors. There were two short-term survivors who died 5 and 10 days after successful IABP. In only one patient was there no appreciable effect of IABP. Miniaturization of the equipment has permitted IABP to be used effectively in pediatric patients. PMID- 6616791 TI - Differential electrocardiographic effects of myocardial ischemia induced by atrial pacing in dogs with various locations of coronary stenosis. AB - The spatial distribution of abnormal repolarization potentials caused by regional myocardial ischemia was determined in 45 dogs. Ameroid constrictors were placed around the left circumflex artery in 10, the left anterior descending artery in 10, and the right coronary artery in 10. Ten dogs without constrictors served as controls. Electrocardiographic events were determined from body surface isopotential distributions, which were computed from potentials sensed by 84 torso electrodes. In control dogs, pacing to heart rates of 230 to 250 beats/min increased the intensity of positive and negative surface extrema during the ST segment without altering their spatial features. Two weeks after placement of the ameroid constrictors, tachycardia induced abnormal negative potentials during the ST segment. Localization of these ischemic forces varied with the placement of the constrictor in a manner consistent with the affected perfusion territories. However, much of the torso surface was involved by all lesions, and only small zones of ST segment depression unique to specific lesions could be identified. In five additional dogs a constrictor was placed on the right coronary artery 3 months after implantation of a device on the circumflex vessel. ST segment patterns during pacing in dogs with two lesions were consistent with the sum of the two individual lesions. Thus, the regional nature of myocardial ischemia is detectable in the body surface isopotential distributions, but the degree of spatial overlap may limit the value of such techniques in extending the usefulness of clinical exercise-stress electrocardiography. PMID- 6616792 TI - Validation of a computerized edge detection algorithm for quantitative two dimensional echocardiography. AB - An edge detection algorithm used in conjunction with digitized two-dimensional echocardiograms was applied to validate computerized two-dimensional echocardiographic (2DE) quantitation of cross-sectional areas of canine left ventricular chambers. Images were enhanced by space-time smoothing and dynamic range expansion, after which automatic edge detection was performed by convolving a Laplacian operator with the enhanced image. In an in vitro study of 29 myocardial slabs, computer-derived 2DE measurements of short-axis sections of the left ventricle were compared with manually derived 2DE data and validated against direct measurements of intraluminal areas of myocardial slabs. Correlations of both manually and computer-derived 2D echocardiograms vs direct measurements were equally satisfactory (r = .95 for both). Computer-derived measurements of perimeters tended to underestimate actual perimeters of the endocardial outlines of left ventricular sections. In 13 closed-chest anesthetized dogs, manually and computer-derived left ventricular short-axis areas measured by 2DE techniques showed a good correlation at both end-diastole (r = .91) and end-systole (r = .92). Left ventricular volumes reconstructed from 2DE images were compared with angiographically determined volumes. The computer-enhanced 2DE method correlated against angiography, with r = .93 for end-diastolic and r = .93 for end-systolic volumes. Left ventricular volume correlations between manually and computer derived 2D echocardiograms were satisfactory, with r = .87 for end-diastole and r = .87 for end systole. We conclude that computerized enhancement and edge detection of 2D echocardiograms obtained in dogs provided accurate analysis of actual left ventricular cross-sectional areas and left ventricular volumes. PMID- 6616793 TI - The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute: a plan for the eighties. PMID- 6616794 TI - Closed mitral valvotomy: early results and long-term follow-up of 3724 consecutive patients. AB - Between 1956 and 1980 closed mitral valvotomies were performed in 3724 consecutive patients (male:female ratio 1.1:1) with mitral stenoses. Their ages ranged from 6 to 69 years, with a mean (SD) of 27.3 (9.3). Mitral stenosis in the younger age group is a unique condition and a great majority of these patients rapidly develop significant pulmonary hypertension and congestive cardiac failure. In this study a large number of subjects belonged to functional class IV (41.5%). Hospital mortality was 1.5% over the last 5 years. After valvotomy, 11 patients (0.3%) developed severe mitral regurgitation that made valve replacement necessary in the immediate postoperative period. Early postoperative embolism occurred in 0.4% of those who were in atrial fibrillation and had preoperative anticoagulation whereas it occurred in 0.95% of those in sinus rhythm who had no anticoagulation. Late postoperative embolism occurred at a rate of 0.3 to 1.6 per 1000 patients per year over a 20 year period. Rheumatic reactivity occurred at a rate of 1.3 to 2.2 per 1000 patients per year during the same period. Rate of occurrence of restenosis varied from 4.2 to 11.4 per 1000 patients per year between the fifth and fifteenth year of follow-up. Closed transventricular revalvotomy for restenosis was accomplished in 130 subjects with a 6.7% mortality. Excellent symptomatic improvement was evident in 86% of long-term survivors at the end of 15 years. Actuarial survival was 95%, 93.1%, 89.5%, and 84.2% at 6, 12, 18, and 24 years, respectively, after closed mitral valvotomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6616795 TI - Ultrasonic assessment of the St. Jude prosthetic valve: M mode, two-dimensional, and Doppler echocardiography. AB - To determine whether the flow characteristics of aortic and mitral St. Jude Medical valves could be defined noninvasively, we analyzed Doppler transprosthetic flow velocity spectra in 23 relatively asymptomatic patients. Results were interpreted in the framework of M mode and two-dimensional echocardiographic data and were compared with Doppler transvalvular flow velocity spectra from native valves of healthy subjects. Although the morphologic characteristics of Doppler spectra were similar, peak and mean transprosthetic mitral flow velocities were higher than values obtained across native valves (1.38 +/- 0.3 m/sec and 0.73 +/- 0.1 m/sec vs 0.78 +/- 0.1 m/sec and 0.35 +/- 0.06 m/sec, respectively; p less than .001). However, calculated pressure half times were not different (61.2 +/- 16.9 msec vs 57.2 +/- 13.2 msec; p greater than .05) and calculated transprosthetic mitral gradients were small (2.3 +/- 0.9 mm Hg). Similarly, the morphologic characteristics of aortic Doppler flow spectra in St. Jude and native valves were analogous. However, prosthetic valves exhibited higher peak and mean velocities (p less than .01) and slightly prolonged time-to-peak flow (p = .02). M mode and two-dimensional studies did not show useful quantitative measures of prosthetic function and did not demonstrate evidence of paravalvular leaks, which were detected in four cases by Doppler techniques. Thus Doppler echocardiography provides quantitative information about transprosthetic flow characteristics in patients with implanted St. Jude valves and is useful in identifying patients with prosthetic dysfunction. PMID- 6616796 TI - Incomplete filling and incoordinate contraction as mechanisms of hypotension during ventricular tachycardia in man. AB - We sought to determine mechanisms for decrease of cardiac output and for hypotension during ventricular tachycardia (VT) in man. Two-dimensional and M mode echocardiograms and left ventricular pressure from micromanometer-tipped catheters were obtained in 20 patients before, during, and at the end of induced hypotensive VT. Patients were divided into two groups according to left ventricular function in sinus rhythm as assessed by angiographic ejection fraction (EF) before electrophysiologic study. Group 1 (n = 8) had angiographic EF greater than or equal to 50% in normal sinus rhythm, and group 2 (n = 12) had EF less than or equal to 40%. During VT, left ventricular cavity volume (as indexed by short- and long-axis two-dimensional end-diastolic cavity areas) was markedly reduced in group 1, from 19.7 +/- 2 to 8.6 +/- 2 cm2 (p less than .001) and from 32.0 +/- 8 to 22.5 +/- 7 cm2 (p less than .001), respectively, but was only slightly reduced in group 2, from 34.1 +/- 6 to 31.5 +/- 7 cm2 (p = .044) and from 45.0 +/- 8 to 49.4 +/- 7 cm2 (p = NS), respectively. Conversely, left ventricular systolic function during VT (as indexed by fractional reduction in two-dimensional short- and long-axis areas) was markedly depressed in group 2, from 25.6 +/- 6% to 4.2 +/- 4% (p = .005) and from 13.7 +/- 3% to 1.8 +/- 0.8% (p less than .001), respectively, but remained at control levels in group 1. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressures increased in group 1, from 11.8 +/- 2 to 27.7 +/- 8 mm Hg (p = .005) and did not change in group 2 during VT. Pressure dimension loops from left ventricular pressure and M mode echocardiographically determined cavity dimensions generated from the end of the VT episodes showed that diastolic pressure-dimension relationships returned to control levels with the first prolonged diastolic interval in group 1 patients, indicating that incomplete relaxation was the mechanism responsible for reduction of cardiac output during VT in these patients. Coordination of contraction and relaxation (indicated by the percent ratio of the pressure-dimension loop area to the area of the rectangle just enclosing the loop) decreased from 37 +/- 11% to 16 +/- 13% in group 2 patients during VT (p = .013) but remained at control levels in group 1 patients. Thus, during VT patients with impaired left ventricular function in sinus rhythm (group 2) developed severe discoordination, and patients with normal or near-normal function (group 1) developed incomplete relaxation to account for stroke volume deterioration and hypotension. PMID- 6616797 TI - Long-term prognosis after recovery from myocardial infarction: a nine year follow up of the Perth Coronary Register. AB - Patients registered by the 1971 Perth Coronary Register as having suffered a myocardial infarction were followed up for 9 years. The Register was a community based study that used standard methods and criteria as part of a World Health Organization collaborative investigation. Of the 1078 patients studied, 77% survived the first 24 hr and 62% the first 28 days; 0.3% were lost to follow-up. For the 666 patients alive at 28 days, the crude 1, 5, and 9 year survival rates were 88%, 67%, and 52%, respectively. The relationship between 54 variables and the survival of patients alive 28 days after myocardial infarction was examined by life-table methods and the log rank test, and then by fitting a proportional hazards model to the data. The important prognostic factors were age, sex, past history of myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes and hypertension, tachycardia at presentation, hypotension at presentation, and the occurrence of arrhythmias as short-term complications. The most appropriate mathematical description of the joint effects of the prognostic factors was a multiplicative model with no interaction. PMID- 6616798 TI - The prognosis for patients with new-onset angina who have undergone cardiac catheterization. AB - We investigated the prognostic significance of new-onset angina in patients in whom coronary anatomic characteristics were known. New onset angina was defined as angina of less than 3 months duration. Consecutive patients (n = 1727) with significant coronary artery disease (diagnosed at cardiac catheterization) and who had not had a prior myocardial infarction or congestive heart failure were studied. In patients with new-onset angina (n = 329) there was a higher incidence of single-vessel disease (43% vs 27%) and a lower incidence of triple-vessel (23% vs 35%) and left main artery (5% vs 10%) disease compared with patients with chronic angina (n = 1398). Patients were classified by the presence or absence of preinfarction angina (severe and prolonged angina at rest requiring hospitalization to rule out myocardial infarction). In patients treated without surgery and who did not have preinfarction angina, survival at 1 year was 97% for patients with new-onset angina and 98% for those with chronic angina (p = .27). Among patients not treated surgically who did not have preinfarction angina, at 1 year 16% with new-onset angina and 7% with chronic angina had suffered a cardiac event (nonfatal myocardial infarction or death, p = .006). In patients treated surgically who did not have preinfarction angina, survival at 1 year was 96% both for those with new-onset angina and those with chronic angina (p = .99). The risk of an event in patients treated surgically at 1 year was not statistically different in patients with new-onset angina and those with chronic angina (12% vs 11%, p = .27). Survival and event-free rates were lower in patients with preinfarction angina than in patients who did not have it.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6616799 TI - Exercise testing provides additional prognostic information in angiographically defined subgroups of patients with coronary artery disease. AB - We examined whether exercise testing with measurement of cardiac output during maximal exercise can provide additional prognostic information for medically treated patients in whom left ventricular function and extent of coronary artery disease are known. We followed 1034 patients with normal or mildly impaired left ventricular function; 410 of these patients (group 1) had single-vessel disease, 316 had double-vessel disease (group 2), and 308 had triple-vessel disease (group 3). In addition, 204 patients with double- or triple-vessel disease and moderately impaired left ventricular function (group 4) were followed. Mean follow-up in these 1238 patients was 4.5 years. End point of follow-up was death. Groups 1, 2, and 3 were divided into terciles according to the maximally achieved values of the following exercise variables: exercise tolerance, angina-free exercise tolerance, maximal heart rate, and cardiac output during maximal exercise. Group 4 was divided into halves accordingly. Survival curves (according to the method of Cutler and Ederer) for group 2 showed a 15% difference in 5 year survival rate between the highest and lowest terciles (p less than .005) by use of the noninvasive variables exercise tolerance, angina-free exercise tolerance, and maximal heart rate (95% vs 80%). The separation into terciles according to cardiac output during maximal exercise resulted in a significant difference in survival rates between the highest and lowest terciles (halves) in all groups of patients. The differences in 5 year survival rates were 9% (p less than .05), 16% (p less than .05), and 19% (p less than .005) for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and 22% for group 4 (p less than .005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6616800 TI - New indexes for assessing aortic regurgitation with two-dimensional Doppler echocardiographic measurement of the regurgitant aortic valvular area. AB - Direct examination of the aortic orifice at the level of the aortic valves (aortic valvular orifice area, AVOA) in the short-axis plane was performed with a 3 MHz two-dimensional pulsed Doppler echocardiographic apparatus. The AVOA was mapped with the Doppler gate to detect or rule out the presence of a regurgitant aortic valvular area (RAVA) established by recording of abnormal diastolic Doppler signals on a "yes or no" basis. A group of 12 normal subjects and 83 patients, including 40 patients with aortic regurgitation proven by aortography, were investigated with this procedure. In the 38 patients with aortic regurgitation diagnosed by Doppler echocardiography (diagnostic sensitivity 95%, specificity 100%), planimetric measurements of the RAVA and AVOA were performed with calculation of two indexes: the RAVA/square meter of body surface area and the RAVA/AVOA ratio. These indexes correlated well with independently performed angiographic grading on a three-point scale (r = .87 for the RAVA, .88 for the RAVA/AVOA; p less than .001), with highest significance of differences in mean values among each grade of severity found for the RAVA/AVOA (p less than .001). In addition, Doppler echocardiography identified the anatomic valvular site of the lesion, and we confirmed the site during surgery. PMID- 6616801 TI - Posterior chamber implants and post-operative refractive astigmatism. PMID- 6616802 TI - Use of CAB Soper Cone contact lenses in keratoconus. PMID- 6616803 TI - A comparison of selected rigid gas permeable contact lens material properties. PMID- 6616804 TI - Clinical experience in fitting 370 patients with the silicone elastomer contact lens, Hisilic II. PMID- 6616805 TI - Contrast sensitivity changes in patients with giant papillary conjunctivitis associated with contact lens wear. PMID- 6616806 TI - Experience with a silicone resin (polymethylphenylsiloxane) hard contact lens. PMID- 6616807 TI - Colorimetric determination of acetaminophen. AB - A colorimetric procedure for the emergency determination of acetaminophen in plasma is described. Acetaminophen is extracted into ethyl acetate at physiological pH to eliminate salicylate, amino acids and other polar compounds. The extract is treated with Fuller's earth to remove bilirubin and with anhydrous sodium sulphate to remove traces of aqueous droplets containing proteins or uric acid. The extract is back-extracted into carbonate and simultaneously treated with Folin--Ciocalteau reagent to produce a stable colour complex. PMID- 6616808 TI - [Standardization of the method for measuring blood volume by Evans blue, in pregnant women]. PMID- 6616810 TI - A liquid chromatographic method for the determination of AY-25,712, a lipid lowering agent, in serum. AB - We report a sensitive and specific method for the determination of AY-25,712 concentrations in rat, dog and human serum by liquid chromatography with UV detection. The detection limit is 25 ng/mL, based on 2 mL of serum or plasma. The method has been validated in human volunteers receiving single oral doses of AY 25,712 (25 to 900 mg). PMID- 6616809 TI - A simple ultrafiltration method for determining unbound estradiol in serum. AB - The Amicon MPS-1 centrifugal ultrafiltration device and the YMT membrane were used to measure free estradiol in serum. Two independent assays were required. The first measured total estradiol-17 beta and the second ultrafiltrable fraction. The unbound fraction was determined by counting [3H]estradiol-17 beta in 0.15-0.3 mL ultrafiltrates of 0.5 to 1 mL of serum that had been equilibrated with [3H]estradiol-17 beta at 37 degrees C. The assay is rapid (1 h), practicable (requires 0.6 mL serum) and reproducible (CV 4.6% within assay and 6.5% between assays). Samples from apparently healthy men and women and from pregnant women gave results that agreed with those obtained by equilibrium dialysis. The percentages of free serum estradiol-17 beta were similar during both early and late follicular phases of the menstrual cycle. Samples from women with hirsutism gave values for total and free estradiol-17 beta which were not significantly different from those of normal females when no consideration was given to the phase of the menstrual cycle. The means for both of these female groups were significantly different from those of males. PMID- 6616811 TI - A total and direct bilirubin determination using an SDS procedure on the Abbott Bichromatic Analyser. AB - A procedure to measure total and direct bilirubin using the Abbott Bichromatic Analyser is described. The method is an adaptation of a sodium dodecyl sulfate method. Reaction products are measured at an acid pH in a buffered matrix using a 600-650 filter wheel. The method has very little spectral interference from either hemolysis or lipemia and correlates well with the manual Jendrassik-Grof method. PMID- 6616812 TI - Bacterial interference with urine osmolality measurements. AB - We report bacterial interference with urine osmolality measurements using an instrument based on the principle of freezing point depression. Although the exact nature of the interfering activity has not been defined, the phenomenon is associated with a bacterium, identified as Pseudomonas putida, and is removed from the specimens by filtration at 0.45 micron. The bacteria led to osmometer dysfunction presumably by acting as a nidus for crystallization and preventing proper supercooling of specimens. PMID- 6616813 TI - The value of urinary chloride measurement in distinguishing surreptitious vomiting from Bartter's syndrome. AB - Urinary chloride measurement is a simple and common procedure but its value in clinical practice is not extensive. This case report highlights a practical and important use of this test. A patient presented with most of the clinical and metabolic derangements of Bartter's syndrome but was found to have extremely low or absent urinary chloride excretion. Her ability to excrete chloride was, however, intact during a chloride load test. The finding of low urinary chloride excretion did not support the diagnosis of Bartter's syndrome and suggested an extrarenal loss of chloride. This was confirmed when she eventually admitted to surreptitious vomiting. PMID- 6616815 TI - Assay of urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in a centrifugal analyzer. AB - We describe a kinetic, fluorometric assay for urinary N-acetyl-beta glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30) by measurement of the release of 4 methylumbelliferone (7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin). The method is simple, involving only a single reagent, and is applicable to the assay of other enzymes that hydrolyze similar fluorescent-labeled substrates. The enzyme distribution in human tissues and fluids is described. The enzyme is present in high concentrations in human kidney, liver, and lung. Its concentration in urine is shown to be a sensitive indicator of early renal damage, which precedes changes in serum creatinine and urinary protein. Assay of the enzyme is quite useful in monitoring renal damage due to myoglobinuria. PMID- 6616814 TI - Simple, rapid spectrophotometry of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, with use of a new chromogenic substrate. AB - We have developed a new spectrophotometric assay for urinary N-acetyl-beta-D glucosaminidase (NAGase) with use of sodio m-cresolsulfonphthaleinyl N-acetyl beta-D-glucosaminide (MCP-NAG). MCP-NAG was synthesized from acetochloro glucosamine and m-cresolsulfonphthalein (MCP) in four steps. MCP-NAG reacts well with NAGase (Km = 0.41 mmol/L) and is highly water soluble. The absorption maximum and molar absorptivity of the aglycone MCP are 580 nm and 40 670, respectively. Spectral overlap of interfering substances at 580 nm is almost negligible, so that the urine blank can be omitted from the assay procedure. The high molar absorptivity of MCP gives sufficient analytical sensitivity at a reaction time of 15 min. The correlation between the MCP-NAG method (y) and the fluorimetric method (x) involving 4-methylumbelliferyl N-acetyl-beta-D glucosaminide is represented by the equation y = 0.995x - 0.669 (r = 0.991). Thus, the present method provides practical advantages over conventional methods, for use in the routine laboratory. PMID- 6616816 TI - An immunoradiometric assay for erythrocyte complement (C3b) receptor activity applied to a pediatric population with connective tissue disease. AB - The number of receptors for complement component C3b per erythrocyte reportedly is decreased in over half of adults with systemic lupus erythematosus. We have devised an immunoradiometric assay for C3b receptor (CR1) on erythrocytes, with which one can assess CR1 saturation due to in vivo binding of immune complexes or activated complement fragments (C3b). Using this assay, we examined binding by CR1 in normal adults and newborns, in lupus and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis patients, and in a population of patients with various general medical problems, including other connective tissue diseases. Binding by CR1 was decreased in eight of 15 SLE patients, four of 25 juvenile rheumatoid arthritis patients, and one of 14 patients with other diseases. We found no significant correlation between CR1 binding and either C1q binding, antinuclear antibody titer, results for complement C3 and C4, or the presence of renal disease. Using this assay, we were also able to show that the observed reduction in CR1 binding was not ascribable to prior saturation of CR1 or to blocking antibody against CR1. The assay is precise and easy enough for routine application. PMID- 6616817 TI - Clinical acceptance of a multi-test reference region for biochemical-panel results. AB - Results of a panel of six biochemical tests on a patient's specimen were mathematically combined into a "six-test signal strength" (STSS) value. This value indicated the overall extent of change from physiological results, and it was calculated in a way that ensured that a STSS value less than or equal to 1 occurred in 95% of apparently healthy people. STSS was reported with the test results for hospital inpatients during a four-month trial period. Doctors requested a repeat of the panel less often when a low STSS was reported, even if some test results were outside their separate reference intervals. Clinicians expressed differing opinions about its usefulness, some finding that a high STSS value had saved them from overlooking abnormal results, others not finding the value to be any practical advantage. Using a multi-test normal region resolves a statistical dilemma, while compounding the problem of knowing what results really mean. PMID- 6616818 TI - A "column-batch" method for separating MB and LD1 in a single fraction. AB - In this "column-batch" method for separating the MB and BB isoenzymes of creatine kinase and the LD1 isoenzyme of lactate dehydrogenase, one can, alternatively, separate MB from BB or obtain a combined fraction containing MB, BB, and LD1. The principal advantage is that the resulting fractions are twofold as concentrated as was the applied sample. Thus, activity can be measured by conventional automated methods, with no need for the modifications to compensate for diluted fractions that are required by other ion-exchange methods. Another advantage is the total absence of interference by the MM isoenzyme. A strong anion exchanger (AG-MP1, Bio-Rad) is used in the acetate form at pH 6.3. There is no retention of MM; retained MB, BB, and LD1 are eluted with a solution of magnesium acetate. Results are compared with those obtained for subunit B and LD1 by immunoinhibition. Results with patients are considered consistent with myocardial infarction if MB exceeds 20 U/L and 3% of the total CK and LD1 exceeds 130 U/L or 28% of the total LD activity. PMID- 6616819 TI - Comparison of a commercially available assay system with two reference methods for the determination of plasma cholinesterase variants. AB - For assaying plasma cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) activity and phenotyping by means of dibucaine inhibition, we have compared a commercially available kit, in which butyrylthiocholine is used as substrate, with two reference methods, one using benzoylcholine and the other propionylthiocholine. With 50 different samples of three of the most common genetic variants, we could clearly differentiate the variants with benzoylcholine and dibucaine, whereas there was some overlap of the E1uE1u and E1uE1a phenotypes with the other two substrates at 30 degrees C. The phenotypes were better differentiated at 25 degrees C, and in our hands the use of butyrylthiocholine was preferable to propionylthiocholine for phenotyping with dibucaine. The affinity of the usual and atypical homozygotes for fluoride with butyrylthiocholine gave an inverted response to the affinity of these variants for the anion with benzoylcholine. We suggest that this may be explained by the role of the chromogen or its products in the assay procedure with the thiocholine substrate. PMID- 6616820 TI - Comparison of a logistic and a mass-action curve for radioimmunoassay data. AB - This paper compares a logistic curve and a mass-action curve in their ability to represent radioimmunoassay standard curves. A data base from 10 different assays is used in this comparison. Six of the 10 assays could be modeled equally well by either the logistic or the mass-action curve. In one case the mass-action curve gave a slightly better fit, though the practical distinction was negligible. In the remaining three assays the mass-action curve performed very much worse than the logistic curve. It is shown that the mass-action curve can assume only a very limited range of shapes, which explains its difficulty with these three assays. In particular, the mass-action curve cannot represent assays where the standard curve slope is less than a specified value. The paper also discusses the extension of each of these curves to more complicated equations, and their application to immunoassay data. PMID- 6616821 TI - Response curves for radioimmunoassay. AB - In quantitative estimates from radioimmunoassay, one of four types of response curves is usually used: a freehand curve, a spline function, an equation based upon mass-action considerations, or a logistic equation. This paper comments briefly on the subjectivity and labor of the first and on the overparametrization of the second. It is chiefly concerned to compare the single binding-site equation with a simple or modified logistic. Whatever the theoretical merits of the binding-site approach (these are not under discussion), estimation of parameters is difficult. The paper shows that under many but not all circumstances a four- or five-parameter logistic will fit data at least as well over a wide range of doses. This is particularly so when both the binding-site concentration and the equilibrium constant are small. PMID- 6616822 TI - Liquid-chromatographic assay and identification of mono- and diester conjugates of bilirubin in normal serum. AB - This liquid-chromatographic procedure for determining bilirubin mono- and diester conjugates in normal serum is based on pre-analysis conversion of bilirubin monosugar and disugar conjugates to the corresponding methyl esters by alkaline methanolysis. Here, extracted unconjugated bilirubin, bilirubin monomethyl esters, bilirubin dimethyl ester, and internal standard are separated on a reversed-phase column within 15 min, detected in the effluent at 436 nm, and quantified from their peak areas. Carotenoids do not interfere. Within-day and day-to-day CVs range from 5 to 13%. The smallest concentrations of monoconjugated and diconjugated pigments that are detectable and measurable are about 10 and 20 nmol/L, respectively. Such data are given for sera from 43 healthy adults. Total bilirubin concentrations in serum tended to be lower in women than in men, but the relative amounts of the various bilirubin fractions in sera from men and women were comparable. Analysis of ethyl anthranilate azoderivatives from serum permitted identification of the bilirubin ester conjugates in normal serum as bilirubin 1-O-acyl glucuronides. PMID- 6616823 TI - Free thyroxin by radioimmunoassay: evaluation of a new direct method involving a radiolabeled thyroxin analog. AB - We present here the first performance evaluation of a new direct method for free thyroxin (T4) in serum by radioimmunoassay, with use of coated tubes and a radiolabeled T4 analog (Diagnostic Products Corp.). The assay is precise and robust: within-run imprecision (CV), 3.1-6.6%; between-run imprecision, 4.0-7.9%; no demonstrable variation between technologists irrespective of experience with the method. No outliers were observed when we compared the free T4 results with serum total T4. Reference values are reported for a total of 1243 euthyroid subjects; there was no significant age effect on serum free T4 in women 26 to 72 years old. The biological variation was about +/- 35% of the mean (2 SD). Free T4 results are the same for serum and plasma. The assay performs well in hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, and distinguishes individuals with thyroid disease from normal individuals. Free T4 values in women taking oral contraceptives are normal. Depressed results were often observed in acute nonthyroidal illness and continuing pregnancy. These results were directly comparable with those of another commercial direct radiolabeled-T4 analog kit for free T4. PMID- 6616824 TI - Electroimmunoassay of albumin in human serum: accuracy and long-term precision. AB - An improved procedure for the Laurell "rocket" technique is described. Samples were electrophoresed in an agarose gel containing anti-human albumin. The gel plates were processed, the peaks stained, and peak heights used to calculate albumin concentrations. Factors affecting precision were (a) adequate heating of agarose gel before antibody is added, (b) accurate leveling of the gel surface during plate formation, (c) applied voltage during sample application, and (d) avoidance of the "edge" effect on sample placement in the gel. Multi-plate long term precision (CV) for the method was 6.2% at a mean albumin concentration of 13 g/L and 3.0% at 37 g/L. Analytical recovery of 8 and 11 g of albumin per liter was 99 to 100%. There was negligible interference from hemoglobin and dextran as well as several common substances that bind to albumin--bilirubin and salicylate. Because of its high accuracy and good long-term precision, the method is a possible candidate reference method for serum albumin. PMID- 6616825 TI - Determination of bethanidine in plasma by liquid-chromatography with a microbore reversed-phase column. AB - In this novel method for quantifying bethanidine in plasma, after a multi-step extraction of bethanidine and internal standard from 2.0 mL of plasma, the drugs are separated on a "microbore" C18 reversed-phase column and quantified by their ultraviolet absorbance at 210 nm. The isocratic chromatographic separation takes about 15 min with use of an ion-pairing regent in the mobile phase (acetate buffer/acetonitrile, 9/1 by vol) and a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. Sensitivity is increased relative to conventional columns, and solvent consumption is reduced by 90%. The standard curve is linear to at least 5 mg/L, and the detection limit is 0.02 mg/L. The within-run precision of the method is excellent (CV 4%) at a midrange concentration of 1.25 mg/L. PMID- 6616827 TI - Solid-state extraction of cortisol from plasma or serum for liquid chromatography. AB - Solid-state extraction of plasma or serum offers significant advantages over traditional liquid-liquid methods in cortisol determinations by liquid chromatography (HPLC). Sample preparation is facilitated and HPLC column contamination is minimized. Extract yield from the solid-state columns is enhanced by sample pretreatment with methanol. Cortisol values by solid-state extraction/HPLC correlate well (r = 0.92) with those from a commercial radioimmunoassay procedure. PMID- 6616826 TI - Direct measurement of testosterone in a pediatric center, with use of a radioimmunoassay kit and unextracted serum. AB - We evaluated a commercial (Radioassay Systems) radioimmunoassay kit for testosterone in which a double-antibody method and an 125I tracer are used. The 50-microL serum sample is assayed directly with no pre-extraction step. The assay system has good sensitivity (0.01 microgram/L), good precision (CV 5.2%), and little cross reactivity between testosterone and other androgens. Results compared well with those by a tritiated radioimmunoassay involving extraction (r = 0.98). Values obtained for 97 children compared well with published pediatric normal values. Evidently, this kit provides a rapid and reliable measurement of testosterone in serum specimens and is acceptable for use with pediatric patients. PMID- 6616828 TI - Evidence for interference by ascorbate in the measurement of cerebrospinal fluid glucose by a kinetic glucose oxidase/peroxidase procedure. AB - Glucose in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of neonates, as measured with a kinetic glucose oxidase/peroxidase procedure, was sometimes very low. When these samples were stored at 4 degrees C and subsequently re-analyzed, or if the samples were analyzed at any time after receipt by using a glucose dehydrogenase assay, the values were much higher. We found that the discrepancies in the values were caused by a lag phase in the kinetic method, during which no color developed. Because the lag phase exceeds the time over which the reaction is monitored in the kinetic procedure, this leads to the erroneously low values. The interference could be reproduced experimentally by adding ascorbic acid to CSF or plasma samples, or removed by adding ascorbate oxidase to CSF samples. Plasma glucose, as estimated by the kinetic glucose oxidase method, showed no such interference. PMID- 6616829 TI - Five recent urinary tests for early pregnancy evaluated. AB - We evaluate five tests developed for the earlier detection of pregnancy, either in the clinical laboratory or by the patient in her home. These tests offer no advantage over other urinary pregnancy tests, and the results are distinctly inferior to those reported (Clin. Chem. 29: 561-563, 1983) for some serum tests for pregnancy. PMID- 6616830 TI - Quantification of urinary oxalate with oxalate oxidase from beet stems. AB - We describe an automated (ABA-100) enzymic method for determination of urinary oxalate by use of oxalate oxidase (EC 1.2.3.4) isolated from beet stems. The H2O2 produced by the oxidation of oxalate by oxalate oxidase is measured by coupling with oxidation and conjugation of 3-methyl-3-benzothiazolinone hydrazone with N,N dimethylaniline with catalysis by horseradish peroxidase. The resulting indamine dye is measured spectrophotometrically by the difference in absorption at 500 and 600 nm. Interfering substances are removed by oxidation with acidic ferric chloride and by cation-exchange chromatography. The assay is sensitive to 5 mg of urinary oxalate per liter, the standard curve is linear to 70 mg/L, and the procedure requires less than 3 h for completion. The within-run CV was less than 1.6%, the between-day CV less than 5.6%. The oxalate oxidase method results in a mean and reference interval for oxalate excretion that are comparable with those by isotope dilution, gas-chromatographic, colorimetric, and other enzymic procedures. PMID- 6616831 TI - Kinetic enzymic assay for D(-)-lactate, with use of a centrifugal analyzer. AB - The D(-) isomer of lactic acid appears to cause a form of metabolic encephalopathy experienced by patients who have had jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity. However, analysis for D(-)-lactate is not routinely available in clinical or reference laboratories. We describe an enzymic centrifugal-analyzer assay for D(-)-lactate in plasma or serum, with use of D(-)-lactate dehydrogenase. The method involves two-point kinetic calibration and preincubation of specimen and NAD+, thus eliminating the need for specimen blanking or protein-precipitating pretreatment. This rapid, accurate, and precise assay should be helpful in evaluating patients with "short-bowel syndrome" who display confusion, lethargy, ataxia, or other central nervous-system disturbances that may be ascribable to D(-)-lactic acidosis. PMID- 6616832 TI - Salivary urea nitrogen as an index to renal function: a test-strip method. AB - To investigate the feasibility of using salivary urea nitrogen as an index of renal glomerular filtration rate, we developed and applied a new analytical system consisting of a urease-containing test strip and an automatic reflectance spectrometer. The concentrations of urea nitrogen so determined correlate well (r = 0.93) with concentrations in serum. These preliminary data suggest that our method can be used routinely as a simple and reliable means of detecting abnormalities of renal function. PMID- 6616833 TI - An evaluation of 10 kits for determination of human choriogonadotropin in serum. AB - We compared 10 commercially available radioimmunoassay kits (American Diagnostics, Becton Dickinson, BioGenex, Clinical Assays, Hybritech, Leeco, Mallinckrodt, Microanalytic, Nuclear Medical Systems, and Radioassay Systems) for determination of human choriogonadotropin (hCG), using serum pools, hCG CR119 (NIH), 2nd I.S. (who), and 1st I.R.P. (who). Criteria were ease of performance, total assay time, sensitivity, potency, and parallelism as compared with reference standards and results for 15 serum pools. The Mallinckrodt kit exhibited the best overall performance, with good low-concentration sensitivity, parallelism with two of the three reference preparations, and good clinical correlation as compared with the reference kit from NIH. Because the antibodies used in the kits are occasionally changed by the manufacturers, these results are necessarily valid only for kits that include reagents identical to those in the kits that we tested. PMID- 6616834 TI - Abnormal regulation of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in Reye's syndrome. AB - Seeking to determine the effect of liver disease associated with Reye's syndrome on the regulation of plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, we measured this compound in plasma from 11 patients with biopsy-proven Reye's syndrome. Its concentrations in plasma are significantly higher [37.5 (SD 6.13) micrograms/L] at the onset of the disease than after treatment [8.50 (SD 2.9) micrograms/L] or in a group of hospitalized patients with no evidence of liver disease [8.4 (SD 1.5) micrograms/L]. The concentration of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in plasma at the time the patients entered the hospital correlated significantly with their activities of serum alanine aminotransferase. PMID- 6616835 TI - Profiles of urinary volatiles from metabolic disorders characterized by unusual odors. AB - The profiles of urinary volatiles from patients with phenylketonuria, maple syrup urine disease, isovaleric acidemia, or trimethylaminuria (fish-odor syndrome) were in each case vastly different from the normal urinary volatiles profile. In the maple syrup urine disease case, metabolites that occur distal to the block were found and a mechanism for their formation is suggested. A new major metabolite in isovaleric acidemia was also found. As well as providing a reliable diagnostic tool for diseases characterized by odors, the analysis of urinary volatiles may provide information to help our understanding of still unexplained aspects of the diseases. PMID- 6616836 TI - Liquid-chromatographic determination of alpha- and gamma-tocopherols in erythrocytes, with fluorescence detection. AB - We have adapted to erythrocytes a method for the determination of alpha- and gamma-tocopherols in plasma and platelets. Erythrocytes (50 microL) were extracted with methanol containing tocol (internal standard) and pyrogallol. Tocopherols were partitioned into chloroform, washed, and injected in methanol onto a reversed-phase (C18) "high-performance" liquid-chromatographic column. The mobile phase was methanol/water (99/1 by vol) at a flow rate of 2 mL/min and detection was with a "high-performance" spectrophotofluorometer. The limit of detection for either tocopherol is 0.10 microgram/mL of packed cells. Analytical recoveries ranged from 93 to 104%. Some values for tocopherols in human erythrocytes are presented. PMID- 6616837 TI - Measurement of erythrocyte ATP, DPG, glucose, and lactate with a Cobas-Bio centrifugal analyzer. PMID- 6616838 TI - Total and ionized calcium in plasma and saliva. PMID- 6616839 TI - Bibliometric evaluations of modern Clinical Chemistry are needed. PMID- 6616840 TI - Effect of analgesic and antirheumatic drugs on SMA II procedures. PMID- 6616841 TI - More on nonaqueous controls for blood gas determinations. PMID- 6616842 TI - Chemiluminometry of nitrite and N-nitroso compounds in gastric juice. PMID- 6616843 TI - Effect of albumin concentration on equilibrium radioimmunoassay of serum free thyroxin with labeled thyroxin analog (Amerlex free T4) PMID- 6616845 TI - Software for Apple II handling of endocrine RIA data. PMID- 6616844 TI - A defense of the Coomassie blue method for urinary protein. PMID- 6616846 TI - On the presence of cholesterol in urinary calculi. PMID- 6616847 TI - Agarose electrophoresis on an adhesive-backed transparent tape. PMID- 6616848 TI - Temperature dependency of apparent cyclosporin A concentrations in plasma. PMID- 6616849 TI - Free thyroid hormone estimates related to measurements of total serum thyroid hormone levels and free thyroid hormone indices. PMID- 6616851 TI - Objective analytical goals should be used in quality control procedures. PMID- 6616850 TI - Liquid-chromatographic analysis for urinary porphyrins. PMID- 6616852 TI - Radioimmunoassay of cortisol in saliva with the "GammaCoat" kit. PMID- 6616853 TI - Discrepant results for determination of theophylline in serum from a patient with renal failure. PMID- 6616855 TI - False-positive results for choriogonadotropin in serum. PMID- 6616854 TI - Human thyrotropin radiolabel: specific activity, zero binding, and stability. PMID- 6616856 TI - Effect of protein on determination of total bile acids in serum is minimized by preheating the sample. PMID- 6616857 TI - More on contaminated water purification cartridges. PMID- 6616858 TI - Improved radioenzymatic assay for the determination of catecholamines in plasma. PMID- 6616859 TI - Effects of cysteamine and other thiols on cystine egress from isolated lysosome rich fractions of cystinotic and normal leucocytes. AB - After loading isolated normal and cystinotic white blood cell lysosomes with radioactive amino acid methyl esters, egress of the corresponding amino acids was measured in the presence or absence of reducing agents. Cysteamine greatly enhanced disposal of cystine- and, to a lesser extent, cysteine-loaded lysosomes, resulting in final similar rates of radioactive clearance. Cysteamine did not alter leucine egress. Cysteamine comparably accelerated cystine egress from normal and cystinotic lysosomes. Reduced glutathione, ascorbic acid, coenzyme A and acetylcoenzyme A, which are much less effective cystine-depleting agents on intact cystinotic cells than cysteamine, failed to increase egress rates from isolated lysosomes loaded with cystine. We believe this in vitro system can help in the future in evaluating drug efficacy in reducing cystine content in cystinotics in addition to the already existing tissue culture technique. PMID- 6616860 TI - Serum glycosidases in diabetes mellitus in relation to the retinopathy and to the length of the disease. AB - The following glycosidase activities in sera have been studied: alpha-D mannosidase, beta-D-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminidase, alpha-D galactosidase, beta-D-galactosidase, alpha-D-glucosidase, beta-D-glucosidase and beta-D-fucosidase, in diabetic patients in relation to the presence of microangiopathy, evident by retinopathy, and to the length of the disease. A significant increase of all the enzyme activities, except for alpha-D galactosidase was found. These elevations were independent of the development of retinopathy and the duration of the diabetic process. PMID- 6616861 TI - HPLC analysis of neutral glycolipids: an aid in the diagnosis of lysosomal storage disease. AB - Concentrations of GL-la (glucocerebroside) (8.36 nmol/ml), GL-2a (lactosylceramide) (4.03 nmol/ml), GL-3a (globotriosylceramide) (2.25 nmol/ml) and GL-4a (globotetraosylceramide) (2.87 nmol/ml) have been determined in normal plasma and compared to concentrations in the plasma from patients with Gaucher, Krabbe, Fabry, Sandhoff and Tay-Sachs diseases as well as with hypercholesterolemia. HPLC analysis of perbenzoylated glycolipid derivatives (isolated and purified by modification of an existing procedure) was performed on samples equivalent to 50 to 100 microliter of plasma. The sensitivity could be readily increased ten-fold. We have employed a novel internal standard monogalactosyl diglyceride, a plant glycolipid, commercially available in pure form. Analysis was performed on a 5 micron ultrasphere silica column, using a gradient of isopropanol in hexane rather than the more usual dioxane in hexane. Our gradient exhibited an essentially flat baseline precluding the necessity of a reference cell. Recoveries of glycolipids added to plasma (95%), experimental yields (60%) and standard curves are presented and discussed. A method is also presented for the separation of GL-la and monogalactosyl diglyceride derivatives for rapid (8 minute) isocratic analysis of multiple samples from Gaucher patients. The benefits of such a simple, reproducible HPLC technique are discussed. PMID- 6616862 TI - Hyperphenylalaninemia with defective transamination. AB - Blood phenylalanine concentrations in a female neonate increased slowly to a level at which dietary phenylalanine restriction became necessary. At this point the patient's urinary aromatic acid excretion profile showed only minimal amounts of phenylpyruvic acid or related aromatic acids. Phenylalanine-tolerance tests, and a subsequent challenge with a normal diet for three days, revealed a progressive decline in the blood phenylalanine concentration at which transamination started to occur. This fits the classification of 'hyperphenylalaninemia with transamination defect'. Possible explanations for the defective metabolism are discussed in the light of the experimental findings. PMID- 6616863 TI - An ion chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of inorganic phosphate, bromide, nitrate and sulphate in human serum. AB - A direct method for the determination of inorganic phosphate, bromide, nitrate and sulphate in 100 microliter serum is described. After a 10-fold dilution, the sample is directly injected into an ion chromatograph without further pretreatment. The method described is highly accurate, and reproducible over longer periods. The serum concentrations of the four above-mentioned anions have been determined in 20 male and 20 female normal persons and found to be in agreement with the results of earlier studies. PMID- 6616864 TI - Serum creatine kinase (CK) activity after M-subunit inhibition in patients with atypical CK isoenzymes--a comparison to findings in acute myocardial infarction. AB - The serum levels of total creatine kinase (CK), and of CK-B, as estimated by the enzymatic anti-M-subunit immunoinhibition method, were studied in 14 patients with CK-B elevation associated with advanced malignant disease, in nine subjects with electrophoretically verified, immunoglobulin-bound CK-BB (macro CK) and in 28 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The range of CK-B activity was similar in all three groups. In AMI, the ratio CK-B/total CK at peak CK-B was less than 13% (mean 7%). In both the groups with atypical CK, the ratios varied from about 30% to nearly 100%, with a mean amounting to 2/3 of total CK activity. CK-B elevations in patients with untreated malignant tumours tended to increase with time, but occasionally remained fairly constant for months, like those in subjects with macro CK. Complementary CK isoenzyme separation, e.g. by electrophoresis, is needed to differentiate conditions with atypical CK activity, detected by routine use of CK-B determinations in the diagnosis of AMI. PMID- 6616866 TI - The effect of pregnancy and pregnancy induced hypertension on active sodium transport in the erythrocyte. PMID- 6616867 TI - Mathematical studies of complement activation. AB - Kinetic studies of complement activation were followed by hemolytic assay. Mathematical analysis shows that the curve is composed of two exponents: the first one, which occurs during a short span of time, represents the classical pathway, the second the alternative pathway. We were therefore able to foretell the respective participation of each activator used: inulin, zymosan, and aggregated immunoglobulins. PMID- 6616865 TI - Determination of sorbitol in erythrocytes of diabetic and healthy subjects by capillary gas chromatography. AB - A gas-liquid chromatographic method, using a fused silica capillary column, for the determination of red cell sorbitol is described. The capillary column gives complete resolution of the polyols xylitol, inositol, mannitol, sorbitol and galactitol, even when the glucose peak in the red cell chromatogram is dominating. The identity of sorbitol, and its single elution from the capillary column has been confirmed by mass spectrometry. Recovery of sorbitol from various red cell samples was 101% +/- 3.2 (mean +/- SD, n = 7). Precision, estimated from duplicate diabetic red cell sorbitol analyses was CVdup = 3.5% (n = 18) and from run to run analyses CVinterassay = 4.0% (n = 6). Sorbitol levels determined in erythrocytes of 19 healthy subjects were 5.9 +/- 1.6 nmol/ml red cells and in erythrocytes of 18 insulin-dependent diabetics 17.8 +/- 8.2 nmol/ml red cells (means +/- SD). The method described offers a reliable and specific tool to study in vivo polyol pathway activity in relation to some diabetes-associated complications. PMID- 6616868 TI - Effect of exercise on plasma pyruvate kinase and creatine kinase activity. AB - Plasma pyruvate kinase (PK) and creatine kinase (CK) were measured in healthy subjects engaging in (a) mild exercise, 30 min on an exercise cycle maintaining a pulse rate of 150/min, (b) moderate exercise, squeezing a ball until exhaustion with a sphygmomanometer cuff inflated above systolic pressure around the arm (max. 2 min) and (c) severe exercise, completing a marathon race. Mild exercise resulted in no change in enzyme levels over 24 h. Moderate exercise produced a small increase in PK but no change in CK. PK activity rose from 35.3 +/- 10 U/l pre-exercise to 41.3 +/- 13 U/l 15 min post-exercise (n = 8, p less than 0.025). Severe exercise (completing a marathon race) resulted in a 3-fold increase in PK from 26 (4-87) U/l pre-race to 69 (21-156) U/l immediately post-race, and also, as expected, an increase in CK from 60 (15-164) U/l to 257 (72-1535) U/l (results are means and ranges, n = 69, p less than 0.001 for both enzymes). Runners showed parallel increases in PK and CK (p less than 0.05 by Spearman rank correlation). The mean post-race activity of CK-MB was less than 5% of total CK but 18 runners had values greater than 6% (mean 4.8, range 1-18). We conclude that PK, like CK, is increased following exercise due to liberation of muscle enzyme. However, only severe exercise is likely to lead to a substantial increase in plasma PK activity and therefore prejudice its clinical usefulness as a diagnostic test. PMID- 6616869 TI - Respiratory mucous secretions in patients with cystic fibrosis: relationship between levels of highly sulfated mucin component and severity of the disease. AB - The tracheobronchial secretions from cystic fibrosis patients contained higher levels of protein, DNA and sialic acid than the tracheobronchial secretions from healthy donors. In contrast, the neutral hexose content in CF secretions was strikingly lower than in secretions from normal subjects. The levels of neutral hexose and sialic acid in the CF secretions were found to increase with increasing severity of the disease. The alterations in the levels of these chemical parameters in the secretions of patients with increased disease severity are as a result of increased levels of the mucin content of the secretions, especially of the highly sulfated mucin component. Since mucins are considered, to a large extent, responsible for the viscoelastic properties of the secretions, the enhanced levels of the highly sulfated mucin component in the secretions of the patients with increased disease severity, may contribute to altered rheological properties and hence decreased mucociliary transport of the secretions. PMID- 6616870 TI - Homocarnosinosis: lack of serum carnosinase is the defect probably responsible for elevated brain and CSF homocarnosine. AB - Patients afflicted with homocarnosinosis have elevated concentrations of homocarnosine in brain and CSF. It has been reported that they lack brain homocarnosinase. However, we have found that these patients are deficient in serum carnosinase, a dipeptidase which hydrolyzes homocarnosine about 5% as rapidly as it splits carnosine. Homocarnosinase could not be detected in normal human brain extracts after isoelectric focusing or DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The ability of brain extracts to hydrolyze homocarnosine thus appears to be attributable solely to the serum carnosinase which is present because of serum trapped in the brain sample. Preliminary data indicate that homocarnosinase is probably not present in 13 other human tissues. Normal CSF contained serum carnosinase, whereas the CSF of a homocarnosinosis patient was lacking this enzyme. Thus it appears that the elevated concentrations of homocarnosine in the CSF of homocarnosinosis patients are attributable to serum carnosinase deficiency. PMID- 6616871 TI - The microheterogeneity of human transferrins in biological fluids. AB - The serum, cerebrospinal fluid, amniotic fluid and synovial fluid transferrins have been examined by isoelectric focusing in a pH gradient from 5-7. In all biological fluids the presence of transferrins with a varying content of sialic acid has been shown. Differences between the fluids with regard to transferrin have been noticed. PMID- 6616872 TI - A simple one-step enzymatic fluorometric method for the determination of glycerol in 20 microliters of plasma. AB - An assay for the determination of glycerol concentration in blood or other biological materials is described. The method is based on the conversion of glycerol to dihydroxyacetone in the presence of NAD, the reaction being catalysed by the enzyme glycerol dehydrogenase. The NADH which is formed in stoichiometric quantities during the reaction is estimated fluorometrically. In the presence of the ketone-trapping agent hydrazine the reaction can be made to go to completion above above pH 9.0. Using the method described, glycerol can be measured routinely in a 20-microliters sample of serum or plasma. Although the enzyme is known to react with sorbitol and ethanol, the addition of these substances to the reaction mixture had no significant effect on the determination of glycerol. PMID- 6616873 TI - General (medium-chain) acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (non-ketotic dicarboxylic aciduria): quantitative urinary excretion pattern of 23 biologically significant organic acids in three cases. AB - Urinary analysis of the pattern of 23 organic acid metabolites derived from fatty acids in three patients with general (medium-chain) acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency was performed. Although there exist quantitative differences in the excreted amounts of the different metabolites in the three patients the qualitative picture was the same. The excretion of adipic, suberic and sebacic acids was substantial, whereas that of dodecanedioic acid was within or just above control limit. The monounsaturated C6-C10-dicarboxylic acid excretion was only marginally or not increased. 5-OH-hexanoic acid and hexanoylglycine were excreted in excessive amounts, whereas 7-OH-octanoic acid, 9-OH-decanoic acid, octanoylglycine and decanoylglycine were excreted in limited amounts. The excreted amounts of 6-OH-hexanoic, 8-OH-octanoic and 10-OH-decanoic acids were not or only marginally elevated compared to controls. In one of the patients the excretion of ethylmalonic and methylsuccinic acids was enhanced, whereas the excretion of these two acids in the two other patients was comparable to that in controls. The urinary excretion of hexanoic, octanoic, decanoic and dodecanoic acids was just a little above the control limit, whereas the esterified hexanoic and octanoic acids were excreted in appreciable amounts. It is argued that the microsomal omega- and omega-1-oxidation systems are involved in the dicarboxylic and omega-1-OH-monocarboxylic acids formation at C10 and C12 level and that the C8-C6-dicarboxylic and omega-1-OH-monocarboxylic acids are formed from higher chained acids by beta-oxidation in both mitochondria and peroxisomes. PMID- 6616874 TI - Aluminium interaction with 67Ga uptake by human plasma and transferrin. AB - To investigate the possible uptake of aluminium by plasma proteins, the Group IIIB element gallium (67Ga) was used as an analogue. Gel filtration confirmed that plasma bound 67Ga in the transferrin region, and this effect could be reproduced using pure transferrin. Approximately 75%, of 67Ga could be displaced by 10 mumol/l aluminium in the buffer. Equilibrium dialysis with samples of plasma, transferrin and albumin (BSA), showed that uptake of 67Ga by plasma or transferrin was systematically inhibited by increasing concentration of aluminium in the range found in dialysis fluid while uptake by albumin was negligible. The results suggest that transferrin plays an important role in aluminium uptake during haemodialysis. PMID- 6616875 TI - Apparent gastrointestinal origin of cis-4-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid. AB - We identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry the unusual substance cis-4 hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid (4-HCH) in the urine of a child. Urinary excretion of 4-HCH and intestinal bacteria were both suppressed by neomycin treatment. We propose that 4-HCH is a by-product of bacterial metabolism. PMID- 6616876 TI - Effect of saline incubation on red cell content of glucosylated haemoglobins studied by iso-electric focusing. PMID- 6616877 TI - A rapid spot test for urinary methylmalonic acid collected on ion-exchange filter paper. AB - We developed a rapid, accurate method to detect pathologic amounts of methylmalonic acid (MMA) in urine samples, which can be applied to simplify and improve the accuracy of screening for methylmalonic acidemia. Urine is collected on DEAE-cellulose paper and air-dried. Six mm discs are punched from the dried paper and placed in a multi-well tray; non-anionic substances interfering with the assay are rinsed from the discs; and a color reaction using diazotized p nitroaniline is carried out in situ on the disc. Of 407 urine samples blindly tested, all 83 samples from nine patients with methylmalonic acidemia gave positive results. None of the other urine specimens from normal individuals or patients with a variety of organic acidemias gave positive results. This method should allow accurate and inexpensive mass screening for methylmalonic acidemia in newborn or infant screening programs. PMID- 6616878 TI - Plasma free and conjugated catecholamines in diagnosis and localisation of pheochromocytoma. AB - In six patients urinary excretion of vanillylmandelic acid and catecholamines (CA) could establish the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. Free norepinephrine (NE) in plasma was within the normal range in two patients and plasma free epinephrine (E) was only marginally elevated in one of them. The degree of CA conjugation was not altered and scattered as in controls and was therefore not complementary to the usual determination of plasma free CA. The intermittent nature of CA secretion by the tumour could be demonstrated by multiple blood samplings during a 48-h study period in two patients, e.g. normal plasma values might be associated with pheochromocytoma if measurements are made during a trough. Thus a single peripheral CA determination cannot be of discriminative value in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma unless it shows marked elevation. Ten patients subjected to intracardial measurements and five patients suspected of having a pheochromocytoma underwent venous catheterisation to determine their free and conjugated plasma CA. In controls CA values near the orifices of adrenal veins differed enormously and partly overlapped with corresponding levels of patients with pheochromocytoma. In one patient with surgically proven left adrenal tumour highest concentrations of CA were measured in the vena cava superior. These high CA concentrations, caused by paroxysmal release of CA by the tumour arouse suspicion of an additional, ectopic tumour. Because venous catheterisation cannot be relied on implicitly we propose computed tomographic scanning as a first step in localisation of a pheochromocytoma. PMID- 6616879 TI - Isolation and purification of ceruloplasmin in oculocutaneous albinism, Menkes' disease, Wilson's disease and pregnant women. AB - A method is reported for isolation and purification of human ceruloplasmin and apoceruloplasmin from serum. It involves a rapid and mild procedure by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel using a pH and ionic strength concave gradient. It was applied to serum of patients with oculocutaneous albinism, Wilson's disease, Menkes' disease and pregnant women. The ceruloplasmin obtained by this method is undegraded, and homogeneous by physico-chemical and immunochemical analysis. PMID- 6616880 TI - Determination of cholesterol in sera. AB - Two methods are described for the determination of cholesterol in sera. The principle of these methods is that hydrogen peroxide, liberated by action of cholesterol esterase and cholesterol oxidase on cholesterol esters (or free cholesterol), is coupled under the catalytic effect of peroxidase with 4 hydroxyphenylacetic acid to form a fluorescent product, and with 3 methylbenzothiazoline-2-one hydrazone and 3-dimethylaminobenzoic acid to obtain a coloured compound. The main advantages of these procedures over comparable methods are their short reaction time, high sensitivity and low cost of the tests. PMID- 6616881 TI - Study of ammonia metabolism in a patient with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency using an 15N tracer. AB - Ammonia metabolism was studied in an 8-year-old girl with ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency, using 15N-tracer. Changes in the incorporation of 15N into amino acids and urea were examined after 15NH4Cl administration. The recovery of total 15N in the urine of the patient in 3 days was 28.5% of the administered 15N whereas that of a control was 69.3%. They were mostly urea. The recovery of 15N-urea in the patient was 28.8% of the control in 1 day, 32% in 2 days and 33.3% in 3 days after the administration of 15NH4Cl. A larger amount of 15N was incorporated into glutamine (alpha-amino N) and glutamate and 15N was incorporated more rapidly into alanine, asparagine and serine in the patient than in the control. The incorporation into ornithine was less in the patient than in the control. PMID- 6616882 TI - Characterization of human prostatic acid phosphatase radioiodinated by four different procedures. AB - Prostatic acid phosphatase was labeled by four different iodination procedures: chloramine-T, insoluble or soluble lactoperoxidase, and Bolton-Hunter. Enzyme labeled by the chloramine-T procedure had suboptimal precipitation characteristics in immunoassays, with 36 to 67% of the tracer precipitated in antibody excess. Analysis of the tracer on 7.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel showed that as much as 30% of the radioactivity migrated away from the protein within 6 minutes after the electrophoretic run was begun. The nature of this fast migrating radioiodinated component was not determined. The failure to obtain a tracer labeled by the chloramine-T procedure with optimal immunoprecipitation characteristics led to investigation of alternate radioiodination procedures. Insoluble or soluble lactoperoxidase was less effective than chloramine-T in producing a tracer suitable for radioimmunoassay. In contrast, the Bolton-Hunter procedure produced a tracer that had optimal precipitation characteristics; 88 to 91% of the tracer was precipitated in antibody excess. The tracer was further purified by affinity chromatography to minimize the possibility of other protein contaminants compromising the specificity of a radioimmunoassay for the enzyme. PMID- 6616883 TI - Fumaric aciduria: a new organic aciduria, associated with mental retardation and speech impairment. AB - Two siblings are described who present with fumaric aciduria, a hitherto unreported organic aciduria. The results of our analytical investigations using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and the clinical presentation of the patients, are consistent with the notion that the fumaric aciduria is caused by an inherited defect which leads to a net secretion of fumaric acid by the renal tubules. PMID- 6616884 TI - Specimen collection for urinary porphyrin studies. PMID- 6616885 TI - EEG vs. computerized tomography of brain in neurological diagnosis. AB - Computerized tomography and electroencephalography are emerging as the two main practical neurodiagnostic tests in the study of brain disease. The comparative advantage of each test is discussed from the point of view of possible outcomes and the results of the tests. A logistic scheme suggests how to use these tests to arrive, cost effectively, at the most accurate diagnosis. PMID- 6616886 TI - Narcolepsy and disturbed nocturnal sleep. AB - Disturbed nocturnal sleep is considered a symptom of narcolepsy. Polysomnographic recordings of 57 consecutive narcoleptic patients were reviewed for evidence of disturbed sleep. When disrupted sleep was present, it was attributable to recognized sleep disorders: nocturnal myoclonus and sleep apnea. Comparison of standard polysomnographically derived parameters of patients who had narcolepsy without sleep apnea or nocturnal myoclonus with those of a normal control group, showed no evidence of disturbed sleep in the patient population. The narcoleptics that also had nocturnal myoclonus or upper airway sleep apnea did have disturbed sleep in comparison with the normals. Our data suggest disturbed sleep tends to develop in narcolpetic patients with age, but is not an inherent element of the narcolepsy syndrome. PMID- 6616887 TI - The clinical significance of frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity (FIRDA). PMID- 6616888 TI - Significance of reactive burst suppression following asphyxia in full term infants. PMID- 6616889 TI - Long term effects of spinal cord lesions on the configuration of somatosensory evoked potentials. Part 1: Alterations in waveform characteristics. PMID- 6616890 TI - Dermatomally stimulated somatosensory cerebral evoked potentials in the clinical diagnosis of lumbar disc disease. AB - Somatosensory evoked response--dermatomal (SER-D) is a new, apparently accurate method of diagnosis of lumbar nerve root compression. It is noninvasive and may be of subsequent value in choosing patients who are to be subjected to myelography in the future. PMID- 6616891 TI - Somatosensory evoked potentials from stimulation of cutaneous femoris lateralis nerve and their application in meralgia paresthetica. AB - A New technique for recording somatosensory evoked potentials after stimulation of the cutaneous femoris lateralis nerve is described. It has proven useful in two patients where the diagnosis of meralgia paresthetica was raised. The use of this relatively easy technique is suggested in the diagnosis of meralgia paresthetica. PMID- 6616892 TI - Seizure management with minimal medications in institutionalized mentally retarded epileptics. A prospective study. First report after 4 1/2 years of follow up. PMID- 6616893 TI - Plasma somatomedin activity and diabetic retinopathy. AB - Somatomedin activity was measured by a rabbit chondrocyte bioassay in plasma of adult patients with insulin-dependent diabetes of 11-28 years duration. Mean somatomedin activity in patients with background or proliferative retinopathy, assessed by ophthalmoscopy or fluorescein angiography, was 1.42 +/- 0.65 U/ml (n = 20) which was significantly greater than in age- and weight-matched control subjects (1.05 +/- 0.22 U/ml, n = 9). In contrast, somatomedin activity was not raised in patients who had no retinopathy (1.16 +/- 0.33 U/ml, n = 10). Diabetic patients with retinopathy also showed the greatest differences between repeat samples suggesting wider fluctuations in plasma somatomedin levels. Plasma growth hormone and glucose measured either simultaneously with somatomedin or during a 12-24 h profile were not different when diabetics with or without retinopathy were compared. The somatomedins have mitogenic actions in vivo on a variety of connective tissues. The possibility that this may extend to retinal vessels should be further evaluated. PMID- 6616894 TI - Hyperthyroidism due to a thyrotrophin-secreting microadenoma. AB - We report a 63-year-old female with a TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma causing hyperthyroidism. This case is apparently unique, and challenges the present concept of dividing patients with inappropriate TSH secretion into tumour and non tumour groups on the basis of conventional pituitary fossa radiology. PMID- 6616895 TI - [Undifferentiated medullary thyroid carcinoma--7 cases]. PMID- 6616896 TI - [Thymoma of the thyroid gland--3 cases]. PMID- 6616897 TI - [Cushing's syndrome with low urinary 17-KS]. PMID- 6616898 TI - [Prader syndrome (congenital lipoid hyperplasia): follow-up studies over 9 years]. PMID- 6616899 TI - [Congenital adrenal hypoplasia associated with myopathy with muscle hypotonia, psychomotor retardation and hyperlipidemia. Possibility of classifying this as a syndrome]. PMID- 6616900 TI - [Sex-linked, congenital adrenal hypoplasia]. PMID- 6616901 TI - [Pituitary dwarfism that showed Perthes-like symptoms during thyroid hormone administration]. PMID- 6616902 TI - [Hyperthyroidism with disequilibrium hypercalcemia]. PMID- 6616903 TI - [Idiopathic hyperparathyrdoisim with remarkable periodic hormonogenesis]. PMID- 6616904 TI - [Pseudohypoparathyroidism--a case of siblings]. PMID- 6616905 TI - [Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism with tetralogy of Fallot]. PMID- 6616906 TI - [Automatic hypoglycemia associated with metastatic liver neoplasm]. PMID- 6616907 TI - [Effective use of MC-insulin in diabetes mellitus--3 cases]. PMID- 6616908 TI - [Pituitary dwarfism caused by transsphenoidal meningoencephalocele]. PMID- 6616909 TI - [Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with transient abnormal glucose tolerance by the administration of L-asparaginase and prednisolone]. PMID- 6616910 TI - [Hyperinsulinemia--a case report]. PMID- 6616911 TI - [Infant idiopathic hypoglycemia treated successfully with diazoxide]. PMID- 6616912 TI - [Successful management of obesity with reduction of 75 kg in 10 months]. PMID- 6616913 TI - [McCune-Albright syndrome diagnosed by radionuclide imaging of bones]. PMID- 6616914 TI - [Fanconi syndrome with osteomalacia]. PMID- 6616916 TI - [Transient hyperlipidemia associated with hereditary renal diabetes insipidus]. PMID- 6616915 TI - [Sudden infant death with abnormal secretion of urinary ADH]. PMID- 6616917 TI - [Siblings in precautious puberty]. PMID- 6616918 TI - [Delayed puberty caused by protein-losing enteropathy]. PMID- 6616919 TI - [Crohn disease with low body height and delayed secondary sex characteristics--a case report]. PMID- 6616921 TI - [Precocious puberty and breast feminization possibly due to hair growth agent containing diethylstilbestrol]. PMID- 6616920 TI - [Testicular dysfunction with hyperprolactinemia]. PMID- 6616922 TI - [45X/46XY gonadal dysgenesis--a case report]. PMID- 6616923 TI - [46,x,t(x;15)(q21;q22) gonadal dysgenesis]. PMID- 6616924 TI - [Partial lipodystrophy--a case report]. PMID- 6616925 TI - [Hypothyroid mother with a transient neonatal hypothyroid baby]. PMID- 6616927 TI - [Transient neonatal hypothyroidism probably due to contrast media used in fetal radiography]. PMID- 6616926 TI - [Congenital goiter due to iodine concentration disorder]. PMID- 6616928 TI - [Recurrent acute thyroiditis probably due to thyroglossal duct]. PMID- 6616929 TI - [Juvenile hypothyroidism with femoral head slip, enlargement of sella turcica, precocious puberty and ovarian cysts--2 cases]. PMID- 6616930 TI - [Functional adenomatous goiter]. PMID- 6616931 TI - [Respiratory insufficiency caused by tracheal stenosis. A case of adenomatous goiter]. PMID- 6616932 TI - [Thyroid papilloma arising from thyroglossal cyst]. PMID- 6616933 TI - [Adenoma or adenomatous goiter with the clinical symptoms of hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 6616934 TI - [Total replacement of sternum for the sternal metastasis of thyroid cancer]. PMID- 6616935 TI - The gut and systemic disease. PMID- 6616936 TI - Extra-intestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 6616937 TI - Gastrointestinal complications of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6616938 TI - Gastrointestinal and liver function of old age. PMID- 6616939 TI - The role of zinc in gastrointestinal and liver disease. AB - Zinc is essential for many metabolic and enzymatic functions in man. Deficiency of zinc in man has now been recognized to occur not only as a result of nutritional factors, but also in various disease states, including malabsorption syndromes, acrodermatitis enteropathica, Crohn's disease, alcoholism and cirrhosis of the liver. The deficiency state in human subjects exists as a spectrum extending from mild to severe degree. The clinical manifestations of mild zinc deficiency include oligospermia, weight loss and hyperammonaemia. Moderate zinc deficiency is characterized clinically by growth retardation, hypogonadism in males, skin changes, poor appetite, mental lethargy, delayed wound healing, taste abnormalities and abnormal dark adaptation. In severe zinc deficiency states, bullous-pustular dermatitis, alopecia, diarrhoea, emotional disorders, weight loss, intercurrent infections, hypogonadism in males and, if unrecognized, death have been observed. Zinc is needed for the functions of over 100 enzymes. It is essential for DNA, RNA and protein synthesis and, as such, is important for cell division. Zinc is an inducer of mRNA of metallothionein, a protein which may have an important role in the regulation of intestinal zinc absorption. Zinc has a specific effect on testes in animals and man. Recent reports indicate that in human subjects thymopoietin may be zinc dependent and in animal studies somatomedin may be affected adversely due to dietary zinc restriction. Zinc plays an important role in the protection of cell membrane integrity and may be protective against free radical injury. Zinc is known to compete with cadmium, lead, copper, iron and calcium for similar binding sites. In the future, a potential use of zinc may be to alleviate toxic effects of cadmium and lead in human subjects. Recent evidence suggests that thymic dependent lymphocytes (T cells are zinc dependent. T-helper and suppressor cells, T-effector cells and T-natural killer cells appear to be zinc dependent. Zinc is also essential for some of the neutrophil functions. Thus, it appears that zinc may play an important role in immunity. One may suggest that some of the clinical features of cirrhosis of the liver, such as testicular atrophy, loss of body hair, night blindness, poor wound healing, poor appetite, susceptibility to infections and enhanced sensitivity to drugs, may be related to conditioned deficiency of zinc, future studies are required to determine whether or not zinc supplementation is beneficial to these patients. PMID- 6616940 TI - Thyroid hormones and the liver. AB - Close relationships exist between the liver and the thyroid. The liver is important in the transport, metabolism, storage and excretion of thyroid hormones as well as being an important site for hormone activity. Liver disease alters thyroid function and thyroid function tests at all levels of the hypothalamic pituitary-peripheral axis. Since thyroid disorders occur more frequently than expected in certain kinds of liver disease, awareness of the limitations of thyroid function tests in this situation are necessary. Drugs active in controlling hyperthyroidism may themselves cause liver disease due to hypersensitivity, but have also been used in treatment of alcoholic hepatitis. Clearly, these areas will stimulate further basic and clinical research. PMID- 6616941 TI - The epidemiology of conjoined twinning in Southern Africa. AB - Thirty-one sets of conjoined twins were born in Southern Africa during the period February 1974 to May 1982 with a striking increase in incidence in 1974 and 1975. There was no ethnic or social predilection, but clustering of cases occurred in a remote area of Zimbabwe. No aetiological agent was discovered, and there was no seasonal variation in the time of conception. Female conjoined twins accounted for 62% of cases, and twenty sets were of the thoracopagus type. Four pairs were separated, three of which were of the xiphopagus subtype and have survived. PMID- 6616942 TI - Fetal mortality in oral cleft families(IV): the "doubling effect". AB - Fetal mortality data from Lancaster, Penn., Chicago, Ill. and Minneapolis, Minn. are presented which support the authors' earlier findings in Indiana and Montreal that a positive relationship exists between the degree of liability to malformation and the incidence of fetal deaths in probands' sibships. Altogether, the study involved 189 CL sibships, 690 CLP sibships, and 3,416 pregnancies. On the basis of these data, which are derived from families of several different backgrounds of European ancestry, it is generalized that, as we proceed from CL sibships to CLP sibships, there is a doubling effect on fetal mortality. The consistency of this finding in several population samples is impressive. The implications of this observation are discussed with reference to genetic counseling. PMID- 6616943 TI - Lymphocyte proliferation in a 31-week premature neonate with 69, XXX chromosomal constitution. AB - The clinical syndrome of triploidy has only recently been described with its phenotypic characteristics emerging from a series of descriptive case reports. This paper describes the mitogen induced lymphocyte proliferative responses of a 31-week gestation neonate. Similar data, collected simultaneously, from 27 healthy 30-32-week gestation neonates is also reported for comparison. Since the capability of lymphocytes to become activated is dependent on and indicative of the host's ability to develop a cellular immune reaction, these data indicate no diminution in cell mediated immunity by this polyploid individual. PMID- 6616944 TI - Familial cancer or cancer family syndrome. Report on a cancer family and consideration of genetic mechanisms. AB - We present a family with an unusually high incidence of cancer in four generations. Complete information could be obtained for the first three generations with 73 persons. Tumor incidence was 2/8 in the first generation, 14/22 in the second, and 11/44 in the third generation. A formal analysis, however, according to the four criteria of cancer family syndrome: increased frequency of adenocarcinomas of multiple anatomical sites, multiple primary malignant neoplasms, early age of onset, and autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, revealed that in this family multiple primaries are virtually absent and that tumors do not occur at a particularly early age. We therefore consider this family shows that familial clustering of tumors may follow an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance even when the strict criteria of cancer family syndrome are not fulfilled. We conclude that the phenomenon of cancer families is not confined to one or two distinct clinical types. PMID- 6616945 TI - Oromandibular limb hypogenesis/Hanhart's syndrome: possible drug influence on the malformation. AB - Oromandibular limb hypogenesis/Hanhart's syndrome in a female infant with an antenatal history of meclizine hydrochloride usage during gestation is reported. The genetics of the syndrome are discussed and the possibility of the drug's influence on the malformation is suggested. PMID- 6616946 TI - Trisomy 10p produced by recombination involving complex paternal translocation between chromosomes 1 and 10. AB - A complex and unique, apparently balanced translocation involving No. 1 long arm and No. 10 short and long arm, segregated in a family and produced an unbalanced progeny with recombination of t(10) translocation chromosome during paternal meiosis. PMID- 6616947 TI - Chromosome aneuploidy in Alzheimer's disease. AB - We present cytogenetic findings in 9 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 35 normal age matched controls. The study was undertaken due to reports of increased aneuploidy in individuals with AD. Coded peripheral blood chromosome preparations were evaluated for aneuploidy; there were 4.5% hypomodal cells in AD patients compared with 5.5% in controls. There were no hypermodal cells in the AD group and only 0.7% among the controls. Statistical analyses of the results did not show any differences between AD patients and controls in these data. There was a statistically significant increase in the loss of C group chromosomes in the old controls which we attribute to ageing. PMID- 6616948 TI - Dermoodontodysplasia: an eleven-member, four generation pedigree with an apparently hitherto undescribed pure ectodermal dysplasia. AB - A Caucasian family was verified to have 11 affected persons (7 women and 4 men) in four generations. A mild and variable clinical picture (dry, thin skin, dental involvement, and nail alteration) was verified in all the affected, with the exception of the propositus who has a more severe clinical picture, besides also having trichodysplasia. The segregation ratio (11 normal: 10 affected) verified in the offspring of the affected and other criteria permit the hypothesis of an autosomal dominant gene. This pure dysplasia was compared to 27 other conditions belonging to the tricho-odonto-onychial subgroup and proved to be different from all the others. PMID- 6616949 TI - Partial trisomies 15. PMID- 6616950 TI - Results of genetic screening of donors for artificial insemination. AB - Only 47 of 61 (77%) medical students were selected as sperm donors for artificial insemination. Fourteen were excluded because of family history 1, eye disorders 7, oligospermia 5, permanent structural chromosome aberration 1. PMID- 6616951 TI - Admixture analysis of high density lipoprotein cholesterol distribution in a Jerusalem population sample. AB - The distribution of high density lipoprotein cholesterol values (HDL-C) in 2003 nuclear families (including both parents and one child aged 17) participating in the Jerusalem Lipid Research Clinic survey, were analyzed by a maximum-likelihood procedure for evidence of bimodality. HDL-C was age-sex adjusted by the mean variance method to 17 year old male levels. After covariance adjustment for Quetelet's index, season, education and social class, when using untransformed data a mixture of two distributions fitted the data significantly better than one distribution in both sexes. The results indicated that 4.7% of males and 14.1% of females came from an upper distribution with mean values of 2.15-3.15 standard deviations above the major mode. We next applied the MacLean et al. (1976) method of transformation and used a maximum-likelihood method in which the skewness parameter was estimated jointly with the other parameters of the model. When the data were transformed the mixture of two distributions fitted the data significantly better than one for males only. We tested a mixture of three normal distributions and estimated that 6% of both males and females belonged to a higher distribution, while 1% came from a lower distribution. This model did not provide a significantly better fit to the data than a mixture of two distributions. Our findings imply that in the Israeli population there is evidence for an admixture in the distribution of HDL-cholesterol. Segregation analysis is necessary in order to determine whether a major gene or some environmental factors are responsible for the commingling detected. PMID- 6616952 TI - Clouston syndrome: an ultrastructural study. AB - A previously undescribed French-Canadian family affected with Clouston Syndrome (Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia) is described. Ultrastructural study of the hair shows disorganization of the hair fibrils with loss of the cuticular cortex. The SEM findings are consistent with the model, suggesting a biochemical defect in the keratin of the integumentary system. PMID- 6616953 TI - Monosomy 10qter due to a balanced maternal translocation: t(10;8)(q23;p23). AB - A new case of partial monosomy 10q is described. The clinical symptoms are similar to the previous cases reported, although the segment lost is larger (q23 qter). The mother was a balanced carrier of 46,XX,t(10;8)(q23;p23). Amniocentesis was carried out since the mother was again pregnant and the result was a female fetus 46,XX,t(10;8)(q23;p23). PMID- 6616954 TI - Evidence for a disease specific antigen in circulating immune complexes in ankylosing spondylitis. AB - The presence of circulating immune complexes (CIC) has been documented in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) by various investigators. It has been suggested that these may be used as probes to identify antigens playing a role in these pathological processes. Using a solid-phase cross-reaction assay to establish if these complexes reacted with each other in specific disease groups, it was found that polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitates of six AS patients cross reacted in 29 of 36 tests, but reacted with SLE and RA PEG precipitates in only two of 24 tests in each case. SLE PEG precipitates cross-reacted in four of 14 tests and reacted with none of the six AS and four RA precipitates. Similarly, RA PEG precipitates did not cross-react (none of 16 tests), nor did they react with AS (none of 24 or SLE precipitates (none of 16). Similar results were observed when IgG, obtained after acid dissociation on sucrose density gradients of CIC isolated by PEG precipitation and staphylococcal protein A chromatography, was used as the solid phase component. F (ab')2 fragments with similar antibody specificity were obtained by pepsin digestion of isolated CIC from three of six AS patients. These bound radiolabelled AS PEG precipitates (2.02-2.40%) significantly more than SLE (0.22-0.28%) or RA (0.29-0.35%) precipitates. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining F (ab')2 fragments with antibody activity from isolated CIC and the presence of a disease specific antibody specificity in AS CIC. The nature of the antigen involved remains to be elucidated. Such a cross-reactive antibody specificity was not found in RA nor SLE CIC. PMID- 6616955 TI - Murine lupus nephritis: effect of azathioprine on glomerular permeability and localization of immunoreactants. AB - We investigated the effect of azathioprine on glomerular permeability and deposition of immunoreactants in NZB/W mice. Glomerular permeability, assessed by proteins excreted in the urine and by a molecular probe of anionic sites of the basement membrane, underwent negligible changes, in comparison to pre-treatment findings, and deposits of immunoreactants were largely mesangial and were decreased overall. Therapy with azathioprine preserved glomerular structure and function by decreasing the amount of immunoreactants, by inducing a preferential mesangial localization of immunoreactants, and, possibly, by interfering with factors that favor the deposition of immunoreactants in the glomerular capillary wall. PMID- 6616956 TI - Effect on the human complement system of the major non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs: aspirin, indomethacin, phenylbutazone, oxyphenbutazone and sulindac. AB - The possibility that the major non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may inhibit the complement system and thus ameliorate the acute pathological changes induced by immune complexes was investigated. Treatment of fresh human serum with indomethacin (IDM), sulindac (Su), phenylbutazone (Ph) and oxyphenbutazone (OPh) inhibited both the classical and alternative complement (C) pathway activities in a dose-dependent fashion with a 50% inhibition dose of 4.65, 1.0, 1.65 and 1.3 mg/ml respectively. Aspirin, on the other hand, had a comparatively weak anti complementary activity. Su, Ph and OPh were shown to form complexes with C5, thereby inhibiting the interaction between C3b and C5 and the cleavage of the latter into phlogistic fragments. PMID- 6616957 TI - Tubulointerstitial nephritis in rabbits challenged with homologous Tamm-Horsfall protein: the role of endotoxin. AB - Tubulointerstitial nephritis developed in 25 of 34 (74%) rabbits challenged intravenously for 2-20 weeks with adjuvant and endotoxin free homologous Tamm Horsfall protein (THP). Lesions were characterized by focal mononuclear cellular infiltrates and microscopic scarring localized to distal nephron segments identified as thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. Interstitial deposits of THP were found in the kidneys of more severely affected rabbits and metabolic studies demonstrated transient polyuria and tubular dysfunction. Elevations in serum IgG antibody against THP were detected in seven of 34 challenged rabbits. Tubulointerstitial nephritis was found in six of the seven rabbits with elevated antibody as well as in 19 of 27 rabbits without elevated antibody. By contrast, peripheral lymphocytes from eight of 13 rabbits with tubulointerstitial nephritis were cytotoxic against target fibroblasts in the presence of THP as compared to none of eight age matched challenged or unchallenged rabbits with normal kidneys. The presence or absence of endotoxin in vitro did not influence determinations of antibody- or lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity. These observations suggest that the tubulointerstitial nephritis which develops in rabbits challenged with THP is primarily the result of cell-mediated immune responses directed against THP, and does not require the presence of endotoxin in the challenge solution, or serum IgG antibodies directed against THP. PMID- 6616958 TI - Parietal cell antibodies in relation to basal serum gastrin in a normal population. AB - Parietal cell antibodies, basal gastric pH and serum gastrin were determined in 544 normal non-achlorhydric subjects. Serum gastrin was significantly higher in subjects with parietal cell antibodies, both in the group with a weakly positive and in that with a strongly positive fluorescence score. The elevated serum gastrin level in subjects with circulating parietal cell antibodies was independent of gastric pH. It is suggested that parietal cell antibodies may interfere with gastrin receptors on the membrane of the parietal cell, thus influencing the feedback mechanism between the secretion of acid and gastrin, and resulting in an increase of the basal serum gastrin level at an unchanged basal gastric pH. PMID- 6616959 TI - Cellular immunity to the hepatitis B virion in acute hepatitis type B. AB - Ten patients were studied serially during acute hepatitis type B for lymphocyte sensitization to the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and to the complete hepatitis B virion (Dane particle). Using the lymphocyte transformation test, sensitization to purified HBsAg was not observed during the first 10 days of illness but became detectable later, being particularly evident during convalescence, while sensitization to antigens of the complete virion, other than HBsAg, was demonstrable as soon as at the onset of symptoms, often at the time of maximum liver cell damage. These results indicate that in the course of acute hepatitis type B, lymphocyte sensitization to other antigens of the complete virion precedes that to HBsAg and may be of greater pathogenetic importance. PMID- 6616960 TI - Abnormalities of lymphocyte locomotion in immunodeficiency disease. AB - Lymphocyte and neutrophil locomotion were studied in 23 patients with well defined, primary immunodeficiencies. These included eight patients with common variable immune deficiency, three patients with X-linked agammaglobulinaemia, two patients with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, three patients with ataxia telangiectasia, three patients with immunodeficiency and normal serum immunoglobulin concentrations, one patient with immune deficiency and hyper-IgM syndrome, two patients with Job syndrome and one patient with a granulocyte adherence defect. Random and stimulated lymphocyte and neutrophil migration were evaluated. C5a and casein were used to stimulate lymphocyte migration and C5a and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (f-MLP) were used to stimulate neutrophil migration. Significantly depressed lymphocyte migration in response to casein and C5a was observed in patients with common variable immune deficiency, patients with immune deficiency and normal immunoglobulin concentration, and patients with Job syndrome. No consistent defect in lymphocyte locomotion was observed in the other patients studied. Neutrophil migration in response to C5a and f-MLP was depressed in Job syndrome, the patient with a granulocyte adherence defect, one of the six patients with common variable immune deficiency and none of the remaining patients. No significant correlation of skin test reactivity and lymphocyte migration was noted, but a correlation between the degree of lymphocyte proliferation in response to phytohaemagglutinin and lymphocyte migration in response to casein was observed. The results presented indicate that aberrations in lymphocyte migration occur in several types of immunodeficiency diseases and that defects in lymphocyte and neutrophil migration can occur simultaneously or totally independent of each other. PMID- 6616962 TI - Quantitative relationships between sensitizing dose of DNCB and reactivity in normal subjects. AB - We have developed quantitative methods which enable us to measure susceptibility to sensitization with dinitrochlorobenzene (DNBC) and the degree of responsiveness of groups, and to analyse factors affecting the afferent and efferent components of the response. Five groups of normal subjects (132 individuals) were sensitized with DNCB (1,000, 500, 250, 125 or 62.5 micrograms). One month later, each subject was challenged with 12.5, 6.25 and 3.125 micrograms of DNCB on standard patch test felts. After 48 h the reaction at each challenge site was graded clinically and measured as diameter of induration and increase in skinfold thickness. The proportion of subjects sensitized increased with sensitizing dose; 8% were sensitized by 62.5 and 100% were sensitized by 500 micrograms or more. The 50% sensitizing dose (ED50) was calculated as 116 micrograms. Increase in skinfold thickness proved the best method of assessing response and was linearly related to log challenge dose. There was also a linear relationship between degree of sensitivity and log sensitizing dose so that, on average, each time sensitizing dose was halved, the challenge dose required to produce the same response increased 1.5-fold. These methods can be used to measure sensitizability of a population, the degree of sensitivity and the expression of reactivity. The technique will allow quantitative study of factors altering the induction or expression of such reactivity in disease. PMID- 6616961 TI - IgM and IgD concentrations in the serum and secretions of children with selective IgA deficiency. AB - Serum IgG and serum and secretory IgM, IgA and IgD levels were determined in 14 children with selective IgA deficiency and in 12 age and sex matched healthy controls. IgD was determined using a highly sensitive ELISA technique. In the healthy controls serum IgG, IgA and IgM were all in the age normal range, and serum IgA was significantly higher than secretory IgA with IgA in nasal secretions being significantly higher than in saliva. In the IgA deficient children serum IgG and IgM and secretory IgM were present in higher concentrations than in the controls but the difference was statistically significant only for serum IgG and salivary IgM. IgD was detectable in the serum and secretions of all patients and all but one control subject. Like IgM, serum IgD levels were significantly higher than secretory IgD levels and IgD was present in greater concentrations in nasal secretions than in saliva both in the patients and the controls, with no difference between the two groups. Thus, the data of this study show that while serum and secretory IgM levels are elevated in children with selective IgA deficiency, serum and secretory IgD are present in normal concentrations, supporting the hypothesis of a compensatory increase in IgM but not in IgD in such patients. PMID- 6616963 TI - Evaluation of the natural killer cell-interferon system in patients with mid-gut carcinoid tumours treated with leucocyte interferon. AB - Nine patients with mid-gut carcinoid tumours received leucocyte interferon (IFN) i.m. daily for 90 days. Six patients clearly ameliorated in symptoms typical of the carcinoid syndrome (flushing, diarrhoea, asthma) which correlated with reduced serum levels of tumour related polypeptides and urinary output of 5 hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA). Before IFN treatment, peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes (PBLs) from carcinoid patients showed markedly deficient production of pH 2 labile IFN-alpha in response to Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SACoI) in vitro. In contrast, IFN-alpha responses to the inducers Sendai virus and beta-haemolytic streptococcus group G and IFN-gamma responses to Lens culinaris lectin and concanavalin A were normal. Also, basal and in vitro IFN enhanced natural killer (NK) cell activity and T cell mitogen-induced cell proliferation were similar in patients and controls. During 90 days of IFN therapy, SACoI-induced IFN responses became entirely undetectable. There were transient declines at 1 and 30 days in IFN responses to the other IFN inducers, of mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation and of basal NK activities. The increments of NK cell activities after in vitro IFN exposure were clearly decreased in IFN treated patients, suggesting in vivo activation of these cells. Thus, the results demonstrate one remarkable abnormality in carcinoid patients: a deficient IFN response to SACoI and a clear influence of IFN therapy on several parameters of the IFN-NK system. PMID- 6616964 TI - Is lymphocyte co-operation necessary for thromboplastin synthesis by human monocytes? AB - Human monocytes synthesize the protein component of thromboplastin and express increased procoagulant activity when appropriately stimulated in vitro. The activity reached maximum between 2 and 20 h depending on the stimulant used. The presence of lymphocytes (lymphocyte: monocyte ratio 4:1) enhanced this activity only very slightly (up to 1.3-fold) at the time of maximal monocyte thromboplastin expression. Lymphocytes had a marked potentiating effect on PHA stimulation that became clearly evident after 12 h, at which time the thromboplastin response of monocytes alone to PHA had subsided. The thromboplastin activity of monocytes remained at a high level for 24-40 h in the presence of PHA or endotoxin and lymphocytes, but lymphocytes did not influence the early (4-8 h) thromboplastin response. Neither did lymphocytes alter the magnitude or the time course of the response when monocytes were stimulated with PPD, TPA or immune complexes. The lymphoblastoid cell line Molt 4 (T cell like) was as effective as lymphocytes, Daudi cells (B cell like) were slightly less effective. The enhancement of thromboplastin activity in PHA-stimulated monocytes could be induced also by conditioned medium from PHA stimulated lymphocytes. We conclude that freshly isolated monocytes synthesize thromboplastin directly upon interaction with a stimulant, and are not dependent on a helper effect of lymphocytes or lymphocyte products. Such help, however, will prolong the ability of the monocytes to respond. PMID- 6616965 TI - Modulation of murine lymphocyte and macrophage proliferation by parenteral zinc. AB - The effects of a single i.p. injection of zinc (0.7, 1.3, 4.0 or 12.0 mg/kg), 24 h prior to sacrifice, on lymphocyte blastogenesis as well as lymphocyte and macrophage progenitor cell proliferation were examined using cells from adult BALB/c mice. Splenic lymphocyte blastogenesis in response to T cell mitogens decreased for mice receiving the highest zinc dosage while responses to B cell mitogens were initially depressed, subsequently increased, and finally declined sharply as the LD50 was approached. Splenic B cell colony formation decreased linearly in relation to zinc dosage with a 50% suppression of colony formation observed at approximately 8.0 mg/kg. In contrast, bone marrow granulocyte macrophage colonies were enhanced at higher dosages (greater than or equal to 2.5 mg/kg) of zinc. These results indicate that zinc exposure at dosages less than the LD50 can influence lymphocyte blastogenesis and clonal expansion of both B cell and macrophage progenitors. PMID- 6616966 TI - Characterization of DNA in polyethylene glycol precipitated immune complexes from sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The nature and the quantity of DNA present in the circulating immune complexes (ICs) from 30 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was characterized. DNA was extracted from IC enriched material prepared by polyethylene glycol precipitation of serum and the extracted DNA was labelled with 32P-phosphate. The size and the nature of DNA was determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. The quantity of DNA in the PEG precipitates from sera of 10 clinically active SLE was found to be significantly higher (mean 159 X 10(4) ct/min, range 49.9-807 X 10(4) ct/min) than 10 normal controls (mean 24.7 X 10(4) ct/min, range 8.7-47.8 X 10(4) ct/min). Four different sizes of DNA fragments were detected: 370-470, 150-240, 30-40 and 20 base pairs (bp). DNA of 30-40 bp and 20 bp were frequently present in both SLE and normals, but the other two large sized DNA fragments were particularly prominent in SLE patients. In the majority of samples, DNA fragments appeared double stranded. PMID- 6616967 TI - Production of a monoclonal antibody to autoantigenic components of human glomerular basement membrane. AB - We describe a mouse monoclonal antibody which reacts on immunoblotting with those components of collagenase digested human glomerular basement membrane (GBM) that are also recognized by autoantibodies in sera from patients with anti-GBM nephritis. Competition between the monoclonal antibody and anti-GBM autoantibodies was demonstrated in a solid phase radioimmunoassay, suggesting that both are directed against the same autoantigen. PMID- 6616968 TI - Immune complexes in IgA nephropathy: presence of antibodies against diet antigens and delayed clearance of specific polymeric IgA immune complexes. AB - Several features suggest that IgA nephropathy is an immune complex (IC)-mediated disease. The source of antigen(s) is unknown but the predominant involvement of IgA suggest that it is associated in some way with the gut or respiratory tract. Taking into account the specific hepatobiliary transport by polymeric IgA of circulating antigens entering through the mucosal surfaces we examined the possible involvement of antibodies against food antigens in the circulating IC and the existence of a defect in their blood clearance in patients with IgA nephropathy. A rise in multimeric IgA-IC (Raji assay) occurred in three of seven control subjects with a peak at 2-4 h after food ingestion. The amount of multimeric IgA-IC present at fasting in four out of six patients, diminished 2-4 h after food challenge, reaching a new peak around 6 h. At fasting, three out of six patients had IC containing antibodies against diet antigens (e.g. ovalbumin). These IC paralleled, both in patients and controls, the levels of multimeric IgA IC. In patients small multimeric IgA-IC predominated at fasting and 24 h after food ingestion, while larger IC were detected at 2-4 h of food challenge. The specific polymeric IgA-IC showed in controls a maximal peak with similar distribution to that of multimeric IgA-IC, but with a quicker disappearance from the circulation. By contrast, polymeric IgA-IC remained elevated 24 h after food ingestion in most patients. These results suggest that antibodies against common antigens are within circulating IC and that a defect in the hepatic clearance of circulating polymeric IgA-IC exists in patients with IgA nephropathy. PMID- 6616969 TI - Antibodies to liver membrane antigens in chronic active hepatitis (CAH). II. Specificity for autoimmune CAH. AB - An immunoradiometric assay for IgG class autoantibody to liver membrane antigens, based on serum binding to glutaraldehyde treated monkey hepatocytes, was used to examine sera from patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) and other acute and chronic liver diseases. All sera from normals and patients showed binding, up to a titre of 1/2,048. For comparison of assays, results were normalized by selecting two reference sera, one with a high degree of binding, and one from a healthy subject with a low degree of binding: at a dilution of 1/2,048, these sera were given binding values of 100% and 0%. The values for the binding of unknown sera at the same dilution were calculated from these two reference values. For 26 patients with autoimmune CAH, the mean (+/- s.d.) percentage binding value (70 +/- 33%) was significantly higher than the mean value for 26 healthy subjects (10 +/- 15%), and high binding values were significantly associated with biochemically active hepatitis. The mean percentage binding value was moderately increased for eight patients with HBsAg associated CAH (42 +/- 12%), 13 patients with alcoholic hepatitis with cirrhosis (37 +/- 25%) and 45 patients with acute viral hepatitis A (40 +/- 27%) or B (52 +/- 37%). At a cut off binding value of 65%, the assay as a single diagnostic procedure was shown to have a 70% sensitivity and a 95% specificity for the diagnosis of autoimmune CAH. Better understanding of the pathogenetic significance of antibodies to liver membrane antigens in CAH and other liver diseases will depend upon biochemical analysis of the presumably multiple antigenic determinants on the hepatocyte membrane. PMID- 6616970 TI - C3 nephritic factor and hypocomplementaemia in a clinically healthy individual. AB - Nephritic factor was detected in an individual whose serum showed a selective decrease in the third component of complement (C3) during and subsequent to an illness resembling disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI). As is characteristic of C3 nephritic factor (C3NeF), its activity was heat stable, was associated with IgG, and enhanced cleavage of normal human serum C3 via the alternative pathway. However, unlike previously reported cases of C3NeF detection in association with glomerulonephritis and/or lipodystrophy, this patient has had no significant disease before or more than 2 years after the apparent DGI. The significance of C3NeF in a healthy individual is unexplained, but this study suggests its occurrence may be more ubiquitous than previously suspected. PMID- 6616971 TI - Immunosuppressive factors in uraemic sera are composed of both dialysable and non dialysable components. AB - The immunosuppressive factors in uraemic sera were studied. Sera were obtained from 46 uraemic patients with a mean serum creatinine of 1.24 mM/1 +/- 0.36 (s.d.) prior to being introduced to dialysis therapy. Normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which were incubated in vitro with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) in the presence of 10% uraemic sera plus 10% pooled normal human serum sustaining the culture, showed decreased 3H-thymidine uptake compared to the control culture with normal sera. The immunosuppressive activity of uraemic sera was partially lost by in vitro dialysis, although a moderate degree of suppressive potency to the normal cells cultured with PWM remained in the dialysed uraemic sera. The remaining inhibitory activity in the dialysed sera was found to be unrelated to anti-lymphocyte antibodies. PMID- 6616972 TI - Skin testing and extrinsic allergic alveolitis. AB - Skin testing with six common allergens, tuberculin and a sterile avian antigen preparation from pigeon serum was performed on 102 pigeon fanciers. The incidence of positive prick tests to common allergens was no different for subjects with extrinsic allergic alveolitis. EAA, caused by avian exposure than the whole group. Positive immediate weal and flare reactions following skin prick testing with avian antigen occurred in 22 subjects and was closely correlated with atopy. However, when the same antigen was administered intradermally, 69 subjects developed an immediate (15 min) weal and flare reaction which did not correlate with atopy, instead, the weal diameter correlated significantly with the serum IgG antibody titre against pigeon serum gamma-globulin antigen, and furthermore, the higher grades of reaction were highly selective for subjects with EAA. Ten subjects, all with strong early intradermal skin reactions, developed a late (4-6 h) skin reaction; this was again highly selective for EAA. The subjects with cutaneous anergy to tuberculin had markedly higher IgG antibody titres to avian antigens, and these included the majority of the subjects with alveolitis. PMID- 6616974 TI - Toxic shock following staphylococcal peritonitis. AB - A case of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) in a male continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patient is described. The prodromal phase started with staphylococcal peritonitis and deteriorated to the malignant phase of TSS approximately 48 hours from the time he presented to the local emergency room. Desquamation first affected the extremities and likely involved his gastrointestinal tract. His course of peritonitis involved unusual pain, with progression into toxic shock in spite of appropriate antibiotic coverage. PMID- 6616973 TI - Regulation of natural and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity by staphylococcal enterotoxin A. AB - The capacity of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), a potent T cell mitogen and inducer of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), to modulate human lymphocyte cytotoxic function has been examined and compared with the influence of purified and/or gene cloned IFN-alpha. While the natural killer (NK) cell function of peripheral blood lymphocytes is significantly augmented after exposure to IFN-alpha, levels of cytotoxicity were even greater following pre-treatment with optimal concentrations (0 X 1 microgram/ml) of SEA. Moreover lymphocyte (K cell)-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), which is uninfluenced by exposure to IFN-alpha, was, in most instances, potentiated by SEA. However the efficacy with which SEA augmented natural cytotoxic function was most apparent from experiments utilizing extravascular lymphoid effectors in which basal NK activity is weak and the response to IFN-alpha variable (in the case of lymph node cells) or undetectable (in the case of tonsillar lymphocytes). Co fractionation on Percoll gradients of lymphocytes responding to SEA with native NK cells suggested that SEA affects NK cells or their non-cytolytic precursors possibly by elaboration of soluble mediators rather than by the induction of a ligand binding mechanism analogous to lectin-dependent cytotoxicity. This system could have important implications for the regulation of NK cell function by lymphocyte stimulatory factors, particularly in lymphoid tissues where indigenous NK activity is low and relatively unaffected by IFN-alpha. PMID- 6616975 TI - Desferrioxamine and hemofiltration for aluminum removal in patients on regular dialysis treatment. PMID- 6616976 TI - Non invasive study of left ventricular function in chronic renal failure before and after hemodialysis. AB - Eight patients with chronic renal failure, who were on chronic hemodialysis were studied. The systolic time intervals were measured from simultaneous recordings of the electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram and carotid arterial pulse tracing. The ventricular volumes and stroke volume were calculated from echocardiographic recordings. The following indices of contractility were derived from the echocardiographic traces - the mean circumferential fiber shortening rate (mean VCF), and mean posterior wall velocity (PWV), mean normalized posterior wall velocity (VPW), and mean normalized interventricular septal velocity (VIVS). The studies were performed immediately before and after a routine dialysis. All the patients had abnormal end diastolic volumes in the basal state. After dialysis the end diastolic volume, stroke volume and left ventricular ejection time were reduced significantly. These changes in cardiac pump function reflect the post dialysis reduction of blood volume. The values for the contractility indices all improved after dialysis and this change correlates well with the abbreviation of left ventricular ejection time (r = .92). It is concluded that the main effects of dialysis are on pump function, and although the changes in the normalized velocities may indicate a real improvement in contractility, their validity is limited by their dependence on left ventricular load conditions and ejection time. Echocardiographic determination of ejection fraction and mitral valve E point - septal separation are suggested as reliable indices of cardiac pump function. PMID- 6616977 TI - IgA nephritis with nephrotic range proteinuria. AB - Nephrotic range proteinuria is uncommon in patients with IgA nephritis. For this reason we compared the clinical and pathologic features in 63 non-nephrotic patients with those in 8 patients who had nephrotic range proteinuria at the time of biopsy. Both the mean age and the mean duration of the disease at the time of diagnosis were not significantly different in the 2 groups of cases. Significant associations were found between nephrotic range proteinuria and the following: the extent of glomerular hyalinization, the severity of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy and the degree of foot process effacement and mesangial matrix increase. A significant association was also noted with nephrotic range proteinuria had elevated levels of serum creatinine on follow-up compared with 20% of non-nephrotic cases. The results of our study suggest that patients with nephrotic range proteinuria have a more severe type of IgA nephritis from the outset and that a marked degree of proteinuria is not merely a consequence of the duration of disease. PMID- 6616978 TI - Urinary erythrocyte morphology in the diagnosis of glomerular hematuria. AB - Urine samples from 141 consecutive patients referred for investigation of microscopic hematuria were examined by phase-contrast microscopy to determine the probable site of bleeding into the urinary tract. Dysmorphic (i.e. morphologically variable) erythrocytes, suggestive of glomerular bleeding, were present in 86 of 87 patients with significant hematuria who were later shown to have glomerulonephritis. In contrast, all of 30 patients with non-glomerular lesions had isomorphic (i.e. morphologically uniform) erythrocytes in the urine. Ten patients yielded a mixed morphologic pattern suggestive of dual pathology which was confirmed in four patients. Urine erythrocyte counts from 376 healthy individuals showed that 95% yielded less than 8,000 cells/ml and in each case erythrocytes exhibited a dysmorphic pattern suggesting that erythrocytes enter the urine of healthy subjects via the glomerulus. Electron microscopy of urinary erythrocytes from 36 patients with glomerulonephritis demonstrated the range of dysmorphic changes characteristic of glomerular bleeding, presumably resulting from environmental changes suffered by the erythrocytes within renal tubules. PMID- 6616979 TI - Vancomycin serum levels and toxicity in chronic hemodialysis patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. AB - The pharmacokinetics and toxicity of six week courses of vancomycin were assessed prospectively in 12 chronic hemodialysis patients who had 17 episodes of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Patients were treated with 1 gram doses of vancomycin at weekly intervals for six weeks. Peak serum vancomycin concentrations ranged from 5.5-40.0 micrograms/ml and trough concentrations were 1.0-12.0 micrograms/ml at the time of the second dose. No patients demonstrated important drug accumulation at the time of the fifth dose. Pure tone audiometry demonstrated no auditory toxicity. Flushing and pruritus (two patients) were only adverse effects noted. In 16 episodes blood cultures were sterilized within 48 hours of therapy. This investigation demonstrates that in chronic hemodialysis patients with S. aureus bacteremia vancomycin is a safe and microbiologically effective antimicrobial agent. Peak and trough serum concentrations vary widely when 1 gram doses are given at one week intervals, and thus it is recommended that concentrations be measured for each patient, particularly if the minimum bactericidal concentration of vancomycin for the clinical isolate is greater than 1.0 microgram/ml. PMID- 6616980 TI - Adult polycystic kidney disease: presymptomatic diagnosis for genetic counselling. AB - We evaluated 30 first degree relatives of 9 patients with end-stage renal disease secondary to adult polycystic kidney disease. The diagnostic accuracy of renal ultrasonography was compared with intravenous pyelogram with nephrotomography. In 27 patients the two tests were in agreement. In 3 patients both tests were abnormal but findings on IVP did not completely agree with ultrasonography. For early detection and genetic counselling, we recommend ultrasonography as the initial screening procedure for the evaluation of asymptomatic family members of a patient with APKD. IVP should only be considered if ultrasonogram is abnormal but not diagnostic of APKD. PMID- 6616982 TI - The spleen. PMID- 6616981 TI - Renal failure with minimal change nephrotic syndrome: reversal with hemodialysis. AB - A patient with acute renal failure accompanying nephrotic syndrome associated with minimal change nephropathy acutely reversed with hemodialysis and ultrafiltration. This response is felt to support the interstitial edema tubular obstruction theory of renal failure occurring with minimal change disease. Acute hemodialysis with significant fluid removal may dramatically reverse severe degrees of azotemia in this condition independent of corticosteroid therapy. The latter, however, may be necessary for remission of the nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 6616983 TI - The spleen--mysteries solved and unresolved. PMID- 6616984 TI - Spleen imaging. PMID- 6616985 TI - Can the mode of death be predicted in patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease? AB - To determine whether sudden versus non-sudden cardiac death could be predicted in high risk patients, 1157 medical patients were followed for an average of 46 months after a diagnostic coronary angiogram and 18 clinical, hemodynamic, and angiographic variables known to be associated with a high risk of mortality were analyzed. The total group of 141 deaths was classified into 3 subgroups: (1) 82 sudden deaths (less than 1 hour after onset of symptoms); (2) 46 deaths due to acute myocardial infarction with or without heart failure, and (3) 13 deaths unrelated to cardiac symptoms. In a subset of 64 patients, the duration of electrical systole (QTc) was calculated before angiography and before death. A comparison was made of QTc measurements at entry with QTc values of subjects with normal coronary arteries and normal left ventricular function. Deaths from cardiac causes could often be predicted from older age, male sex, history of myocardial infarction, unstable angina, congestive heart failure, abnormal cardiothoracic ratio, multivessel disease, abnormal left ventricular contraction, and abnormal ejection fraction. However, these variables did not discriminate between sudden and nonsudden cardiac deaths and both modes of death were characterized by depressed left ventricular function and multivessel coronary disease. During follow-up the incidence of acute myocardial infarction was not different in patients with cardiac and noncardiac deaths and in long-term survivors. However, patients dying from cardiac causes had a higher incidence of heart failure. Patients dying suddenly did not present new infarctions during follow-up whereas patients dying from acute myocardial infarction had a 13% incidence of prior infarction and a higher incidence of heart failure. In addition, QTc at entry was longer in nonsurvivors than in normal subjects (p less than 0.0001) and patients experiencing sudden death exhibited the highest incidence of QTc prolongation (greater than or equal to 440 ms) during follow-up (p less than 0.05). We conclude that: (1) although the severity of coronary disease and left ventricular dysfunction are closely related to cardiac mortality, they do not discriminate between sudden and nonsudden cardiac deaths; (2) patients experiencing sudden death are characterized by a low incidence of new myocardial infarction or congestive heart failure and prolongation of the QTc interval during follow-up. PMID- 6616986 TI - Effects of laser irradiation on human erythrocytes: considerations concerning clinical laser angioplasty. AB - Recent studies demonstrate the potential use of laser to vaporize human coronary atherosclerotic plaques. The laser energy is transmitted through flexible quartz fiber and discharged intravascularly. Since red blood cells could be exposed to intense heat, we examined effects of laser irradiation on human erythrocytes. Blood was obtained and placed in 5 ethylene diaminetetracidic acid (EDTA) vials for each normal donor. A flexible 400 microns diameter core quartz fiber coupled to an argon-ion laser source was positioned 1 cm above the surface of 1.5 ml blood. Four vials were exposed to 5 W laser beam for 5, 10, 15, or 20 s; the remaining vial was left untreated. Packed cell volume fell primarily during the first 5 s of laser exposure (p less than 0.01) and plateaued beyond 5 s. Plasma hemoglobin (Hgb) rose progressively with each increased duration of exposure (p less than 0.01). This study indicates that lysis of erythrocytes occurs in cells exposed directly to the laser beam. However, beyond the direct beam, damage to red cell membrane took place as evident by progressive Hgb leakage into plasma despite no further cell lysis. These observations require consideration during clinical laser angioplasty. PMID- 6616989 TI - Abstracts submitted for the annual meeting, the Canadian Society for Clinical Investigation. September 19-20, 1983. PMID- 6616987 TI - Effect of calcium antagonists on cardiac performance in patients with dilatative cardiomyopathy evaluated by noninvasive methods. AB - We present 14 patients with dilatative cardiomyopathy, proven by hemodynamic and angiographic assessment who received in a single-blind, randomized study, equipotent doses of the three calcium blockers: verapamil (0.1 mg/kg i.v., followed by an infusion of 0.01 mg/kg/min), nifedipin (20 mg sublingually), or diltiazem (0.2 mg/kg i.v., followed by infusion of 0.02 mg/kg/min). Before and after treatment in 8 patients systolic time intervals were recorded with an AVL Myocard-Check (Q-S2, pre-ejection period, left ventricular ejection time, and pre ejection period/left ventricular ejection time) and end-systolic and end diastolic diameter, fractional shortening, and circumferential fiber shortening velocity were measured by M-mode echocardiography. In another 6 patients radionuclide ventriculography was performed before and after each treatment (ejection fraction, cardiac index). PEP/LVET increased slightly after verapamil (+ 15%) and decreased after nifedipin (-5%) and diltiazem (-3%), the changes being not significant. Fractional shortening and circumferential fiber shortening velocity however, decreased after verapamil (-5%, resp. -15%) and increased after nifedipin (+ 14%, resp. + 25%) and after diltiazem (+ 23%, resp. + 16%). In the radionuclide studies ejection fraction increased after verapamil (+ 9%), nifedipin (+ 14%), and diltiazem (+ 13%), while cardiac index remained unchanged with verapamil and nifedipin and increased with diltiazem (+ 14%). In conclusion there are no significant changes in myocardial performance with the calcium blockers verapamil, nifedipin, and diltiazem. However, under verapamil there is a tendency to deterioration of myocardial performance, while it was slightly improved after nifedipin and diltiazem. Calcium antagonists may be used safely, therefore, also in patients with impaired myocardial performance. PMID- 6616988 TI - Electrophysiological effects of quinidine alone and of the combination quinidine verapamil on AV conduction in humans. AB - The influence of 320 mg quinidine administered intravenously (i.v.), as well as subsequent administration of 5 mg verapamil i.v. on atrioventricular conduction was studied in 8 patients during sinus rhythm and atrial stimulation with the aid of His bundle electrography. Among the electrophysiologic parameters of the atrium the sinus rate increased significantly after quinidine and again increased slightly after subsequent administration of verapamil. During sinus rhythm the PA interval was not influenced by either substance. Conversely, during atrial stimulation the STA interval increased significantly under the effect of quinidine, while verapamil had no further influence. As an indicator of conduction time in the AV node, the AH interval was decreased significantly by quinidine during sinus rhythm and atrial stimulation. This effect was significantly counteracted by the additional administration of verapamil. The HV interval as a measure of the His-Purkinje conduction was not significantly affected. The QRS duration was increased significantly by quinidine and was not further influenced by verapamil. The QTc and QT intervals increased significantly after administration of quinidine and were again slightly, but significantly shortened by verapamil. Our investigations show that the combination of quinidine and verapamil, which has clinically been found to have a higher conversion rate than quinidine alone, is well justified from an electrophysiologic point of view and that undesirable quinidine-related effects, such as rapid AV conduction in cases of atrial fibrillation and flutter, can be avoided by the subsequent administration of verapamil. PMID- 6616990 TI - Autoimmune diseases in pregnancy. PMID- 6616991 TI - Common menstrual disorders. PMID- 6616992 TI - Postmenopausal bleeding from benign causes. PMID- 6616993 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas--a hormone sensitive tumor? A preliminary report on Nolvadex treatment. AB - There are indications of possible effects of sex hormones on the pancreas. These include reports on steroid receptor proteins in pancreatic tissue, the purification and characterization of a highly specific, high capacity oestrogen binding protein in the human pancreas and capacity of human pancreatic tissue to convert the main peripheral oestrogen, oestrone sulphate, into the terminal biologically active oestradiol-17 beta. Furthermore, experiments in mice have shown accumulation of an anti-oestrogen, tamoxifen, in the pancreas. With this background, we have tried tamoxifen in 14 patients with unresectable adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. The median survival time was 8.5 months and three patients had a remarkably long survival time of 22 months. In a historical control group the median survival time was 2.5 months and no patients survived for more than 21 months. We have therefore started a randomized trial with tamoxifen in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. Even if anti oestrogens are not the optimal form of therapy, other sorts of hormonal manipulation ought to be tried in pancreatic cancer. PMID- 6616994 TI - The effect of undernutrition and disease site and stage on cell-mediated immunity in gastrointestinal cancer. AB - In order to assess whether impairment of cell-mediated immunity in cancer was due to the presence, site and stage of malignant disease or to associated undernourishment, 48 patients with gastrointestinal cancer were compared to 27 patients with benign gastrointestinal disease. Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was assessed by delayed hypersensitivity (DHS) skin test response to recall antigens and lymphocyte mitogenic response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Patients were grouped according to nutritional status assessed from a history of weight loss and changes in the ratio of total body potassium (TBK mmol) to total body water (TBW kg). The results showed that, whilst cancer patients as a whole had significantly worse DHS response, there were no significant differences between benign and malignant groups of equivalent nutritional status and in both types of disease response decreased significantly with worsening nutritional status (chi 2(2) = 6.83 cancer, 6.11 benign, p less than 0.05). PHA response was significantly worse in the worst nourished cancer patients than in those with normal nutritional status (p less than 0.05, Wilcoxon). Disease site and stage had no significant effect on either test. The results suggest that depression of CMI response in gastrointestinal cancer is due to undernutrition and is not a cancer specific effect. PMID- 6616996 TI - Accuracy of occult blood tests over a six-day period. AB - The false negative rate of the stabilized guaiac faecal occult blood tests, Fecatest and Haemoccult, was determined in 61 patients with known colorectal cancer. When subjects tested their stools over three days, 9.7% of the Fecatest slides and 27.8% of the Haemoccult slides were negative (p less than 0.02). Extending the number of days of testing from three to six reduced the false negative rate of Fecatest to 4.8% and Haemoccult to 9.7% (p less than 0.05). There was no significant difference between the false negative rate of Fecatest and Haemoccult test when subjects performed six-day testing. Haemoccult false negative results occurred mainly in patients with well differentiated left sided carcinomas. PMID- 6616995 TI - The role of CT scan of the brain in the pre-operative work-up of solitary lung metastases associated with colorectal cancer. AB - This report presents three cases of 'cured' rectal cancer which developed solitary lung metastases during the follow-up period. Further metastatic work-up did not disclose any evidence of disease. Neurological examination was normal. Surgical resection of the pulmonary metastases was done. Brain metastases were discovered a short time after. The importance of the CT scan of the brain in the pre-operative work-up is discussed. PMID- 6616997 TI - Variation in histology and oestrogen receptor content in breast carcinoma related to tumour size and time of presentation. AB - Evidence is presented that the growth rate of breast carcinomas in a defined population was lower in January and June than in the later months of the year. The tumours presenting later were on average larger and of higher histological grade. While there was no difference in the distribution of oestrogen receptor (ER) status, the receptor positive showed higher values later in the year. These high values were accompanied by a lack of tubular differentiation, again in keeping with a more rapid growth rate. Grading factor 1 is thus associated with the level of receptor positivity, in contrast to receptor status which is linked to factor 2. This indicates that ER- and ER+ tumours are derived from two distinct populations, and that a continuous scale is not involved. PMID- 6616998 TI - Is the growth of breast carcinoma regulated by the axillary nodes? AB - The morphology of the axillary lymph nodes removed in connection with primary surgical treatment of 60 patients with infiltrating breast carcinoma is reported. The reactions in the nodes from patients presenting in the first 6 months of the year are shown to differ from those presenting later. The mean tumour diameters were also greater in the second period. The nodal changes at this time were characterized, in the node-negative, by germinal centre proliferation and a mixed sinus reaction or sinus catarrh. These reactions were less marked in node positive cases. The morphological changes described indicate that immunological mechanisms are involved. It is suggested that they may regulate the growth of the primary. The possibility that they are subject to seasonal variation is discussed. PMID- 6616999 TI - Quantitative oestrogen and progesterone receptor values in primary breast cancer and predictability of response to endocrine therapy. AB - The concentrations of oestrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PgR) were measured in the tumours from 47 patients with advanced primary carcinoma of the breast who were immediately treated by endocrine therapy after confirmatory histology. All patients were followed-up for at least 3 months and 27 patients for 18 months. The ER and PgR content in their primary tumour was correlated with the response to treatment, the duration of remission and the survival rate. The actual concentrations of ER and PgR were found to be better indicators of endocrine responsiveness than the mere presence of these receptors, particularly in the postmenopausal group. The remission rate improved with increasing concentrations of ER but not with increasing concentrations of PgR in the primary tumour. The predictability was enhanced when ER and PgR concentrations were considered together. Patients with ER concentrations above 150 fmol/mg cytosol protein and PgR concentrations above 100 fmol/mg cytosol protein in the same tumour were in remission after 18 months of treatment. At this time, only two of the 14 patients with ER and PgR concentrations below these levels were in remission and six had died of the disease. PMID- 6617000 TI - Intermediate dose single agent cyclophosphamide chemotherapy of advanced breast cancer. AB - Twenty-one evaluable patients with metastatic breast cancer received three pulses of intravenous cyclophosphamide, escalating from 1.5 g/m2 to 2.5 g/m2 in the second and third courses. There were eight partial remissions (34.7%), but most were of short duration. All responding patients had soft tissue or nodal disease, but additional sites of response were bone (three cases), liver and lung (one case each). Marked leucopaenia (median WBC 0.7 X 10(9)/L) occurred 10-12 days after the higher doses (2.5 g/m2) and was associated with nine episodes of severe infection in five patients. Marked vomiting and anorexia led to significant weight loss (mean 4.5 kg) in half the patients, and alopecia was universal. In metastatic breast cancer cyclophosphamide seems to have a shallow dose response curve and high intermittent dosage seems to have no advantage over chronic daily administration. PMID- 6617001 TI - The cervical spine in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Clinical and roentgenographic follow-up examinations of patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) suggest that neurologic complications are less likely to develop in these patients than in patients with adult rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A review of the charts of 92 patients treated for JRA during the period from 1970 to 1976 revealed that 29 (31%) had clinical evidence of cervical spine involvement. Follow-up examinations in 15 of these 29 patients revealed that all had limited cervical spine motion, 14 had neck pain and stiffness, and two had torticollis. Roentgenographic evidence of atlantoaxial subluxation was present in five patients and ankylosis of the facet joints in four. Two patients with atlantoaxial subluxation had hypereflexia and clonus, but both long tract signs and subluxation spontaneously resolved in one of these patients. None of these patients had basilar invagination or subaxial instability, which can occur in adult RA. PMID- 6617002 TI - Evidence for defective osteoblastic function. A role for alcohol and tobacco consumption in osteoporosis in middle-aged men. AB - In a group of 11 men ranging in age from 35 to 50 years with idiopathic osteoporosis, most were mild alcoholics and heavy smokers. Two had absorptive hypercalciuria. Histomorphometry showed that the patients had low trabecular bone volume and mean trabecular thickness when compared with age-matched control subjects. Mean wall thickness was also markedly reduced in patients as compared with control subjects. The quantity of resorbed bone was extrapolated from the calculated mean interstitial bone thickness. Resorption was not significantly different in patients and control subjects. Consequently, in this group of patients with severe osteoporosis, the pathogenesis was characterized by markedly decreased bone formation. PMID- 6617003 TI - Prosthetic arthroplasty for fractures and fracture-dislocations of the proximal humerus. AB - During the period from 1970 through 1979, proximal humeral arthroplasty with prostheses of the Neer design was performed in 49 shoulders (48 patients) with complex acute or chronic fractures and fracture-dislocations of the proximal humerus. Follow-up evaluation included physical and roentgenographic examination at least two years after surgery for 43 of the 48 patients and averaged 38 months (range, 2-10 years). Of the 43 patients with adequate follow-up evaluation, 16 had acute and 27 (1 bilateral) had chronic fracture problems. Pain relief was satisfactory in all of the 16 shoulders with acute fractures and in 25 of the 28 shoulders with chronic fracture problems. Active abduction averaged 101 degrees in the acute fracture group (range, 35 degrees-160 degrees) and 112 degrees in the chronic fracture group (range, 20 degrees-180 degrees). Complications in shoulders with acute fractures were associated with problems in tuberosity and rotator cuff healing. Complications were more frequent in shoulders with chronic fractures and fracture-dislocations, and were generally related to surgical difficulty, extensive tissue scarring, and distortion of anatomy. The Neer prosthesis affords satisfactory pain relief for both acute and chronic complex fracture-dislocations of the proximal humerus, but the return of function is governed by the security of tuberosity-muscle cuff repair, sufficient protection after operation, and long-term physiotherapy. If possible, surgery should be performed early to avoid the scarring and inelasticity that engender complications and limit functional recovery in shoulders with chronic fractures. PMID- 6617004 TI - The etiology of patellofemoral pain in young, active patients: a prospective study. AB - In a prospective clinical examination of 78 knees in 60 young patients with patellofemoral pain, pain occurred frequently in the lateral peripatellar retinaculum, sometimes in association with milder, less well defined medial patellar discomfort. Patellofemoral pain in the young person is frequently a soft tissue problem initially, but aberrant mechanics (particularly lateral tracking) that cause this retinacular overuse and pain may eventually lead to synovial irritation and chondromalacia. Chondromalacia, however, may not be the primary cause of patellofemoral pain in many young people. PMID- 6617005 TI - Spinal canal stenosis. Concept of spinal reserve capacity: radiologic measurements and clinical applications. AB - Radiologic measurement of central spinal canal diameters is considered a static measurement and does not necessarily indicate active stenosis. A free intracanal space is detectable with CT scanning, i.e., a container/content difference expressing reserve capacity and implying a functional identity. The obliteration of this space may induce clinical symptomatology in the elderly and in persons with developmental or acquired lumbar spinal conditions. Normal and pathologic measurements are presented. PMID- 6617006 TI - Efficacy of preoperative hip aspiration performed in the radiology department. AB - The results of 148 preoperative hip aspirations performed in the radiology department were analyzed and compared with those of preoperative aspirations done in the operating room in another group of patients. The aspirations were performed in a standard fluoroscopic room used only for "clean procedures"; strict aseptic precautions were used. The majority of patients had undergone prosthetic hip arthroplasty. The results were comparable, i.e., the sensitivity for the radiologic aspirations was 0.88, as compared with 1.00 for intraoperative aspirations; the specificities were 0.83 and 0.78, respectively. The advantages of aspirations done in the radiology department include lower cost, shorter hospitalization, and simultaneous performance of arthrography, if indicated. Important aspects of technique include meticulous aseptic precautions, avoidance of local anesthetics, and prompt transportation of the specimen to the laboratory. PMID- 6617007 TI - A new anatomic classification of capital fragments in femoral neck fractures with the epiphyseal scar as a guide. AB - Seventy femoral neck fractures were examined clinically, radiologically, and histologically to ascertain whether the shape of the capital fragment, irrespective of the nature or age of the fracture, could be a determinant of the biologic condition within the head. Three types of excised capital fragments were defined according to the anatomic location of the fracture surface, with particular reference to the epiphyseal scar. Type I fragments, in which the fracture surface lies along the epiphyseal scar, showed complete capital necrosis, whereas Types II and III fragments, with the fracture surface in the subepiphyseal and subcapital zones, respectively, were found to be histologically viable. Moreover, Type III specimens tended to be more abundant in biologic response than Type II specimens. Thus, the biologic condition of the capital fragment is closely related to its shape. Since the type of capital fragment is, in most cases, judged correctly on the preoperative roentgenogram, this classification can be a helpful clue to the choice of treatment. From the biologic point of view, osteosynthesis should be limited to fractures with Type III capital fragments. The authors also hypothesize that the fractured femoral head, if untreated, may decrease in size and, therefore, in vascularity during the postfracture course. PMID- 6617008 TI - Intertrochanteric fractures after hip surface arthroplasty. A report of two cases. AB - Intertrochanteric fractures of the femur recently occurred following trauma in two young adult patients who had undergone Indiana Conservative Hip (ICH) surface arthroplasty. Although femoral neck fractures have occurred following ICH surface arthroplasty, these are the only two patients treated by the authors for intertrochanteric fractures following ICH surface arthroplasty. PMID- 6617009 TI - Diagnosis of recurrent traumatic anterior subluxation of the shoulder. AB - Recurrent traumatic anterior subluxation of the shoulder has been infrequently documented. Subluxations have usually been included in reports of recurrent dislocation of the shoulder. There has also been confusion between traumatic and atraumatic subluxation. The authors diagnosed 45 cases of recurrent traumatic anterior subluxation of the shoulder at Kobe University Hospital during an eight year period. Most patients were injured during sports activities. Patients complained of severe pain with episodes of locking when the shoulder was in abduction, external rotation, and hyperextension. Reduction could be accomplished by the patient. Arthrography demonstrates leaking of contrast medium on the anteroposterior view, and a detached labrum is noted on the posterior tangential view. Arthroscopy reveals Bankart lesions consisting of a ruptured capsule, detached labrum, and erosion of glenoid cartilage. Thirty-five of the patients underwent surgery, including Bankart and Putti-Platt reconstructions. Symptoms were relieved in all patients. PMID- 6617010 TI - Hackethal stacked nailing of humeral shaft fractures. Experience with 30 patients. AB - The Hackethal technique of using stacked medullary pins for fixation of humeral shaft fractures is usually associated with relatively little blood loss; in addition, exposure of the fracture site and possible associated muscular trauma are avoided, and the risk of contusion of the radial nerve that may occur in fixation by plate and screws is eliminated. The technique has the additional advantage of accomplishing stable fixation of the fracture, thus allowing early motion of both the shoulder and the elbow. The rate of union in 25 patients with adequate follow-up evaluation was 92%, with a reoperation rate of 14%. This high rate may be decreased further by increased experience. The method proves effective in the stabilization of pathologic fractures. PMID- 6617011 TI - Revascularization of the humeral head. A report of two cases of fracture dislocation of the shoulder. AB - Two cases of fracture-dislocation of the shoulder are reported in which the humeral heads were found at open reduction to be without soft tissue attachments. The patients were followed up clinically and radiologically and by technetium-99m scintigraphy for at least two years. In the case of a three-part fracture dislocation, revascularization of the humeral head was complete three months after surgery, whereas the humeral head in the four-part fracture-dislocation did not appear totally revascularized scintigraphically until nine months after surgery. Radiologic signs of avascular necrosis of the humeral head were not encountered. Both patients were pain-free, and the shoulders functioned well, although suboptimal ranges of motion were recorded. It was concluded that open reduction and internal fixation is indicated initially rather than conservative treatment and before use of a prosthetic device is considered, in view of the acceptable results obtained. It appears that revascularization of the humeral head occurs by creeping substitution. PMID- 6617012 TI - Anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency syndrome. AB - Corrective surgery for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) lesions was performed in 64 patients. Approximately two-thirds of the patients who presented with anteromedial instability were approached through the medial aspect of the knee. In all cases the instability was improved but not entirely eliminated. This was not in itself a disabling problem, as 44% of these patients had good subjective results. However, pivot-shift tests at follow-up examination clearly indicated the presence of anterolateral instability in most, if not all, of these patients. This did not necessarily preclude a self-evaluation of "good"; conversely, a self evaluation of "fair" (33% of patients) was always related to a positive pivot shift phenomenon. The authors' current surgical policy is, therefore, to regard the two types of instability as related aspects of a single ACL insufficiency syndrome, and to correct both the anterolateral instability (by the MacIntosh procedure) and the anteromedial instability (by suturing the posterior medial capsule to the semimembranosus tendon together with pes transfer). Poor subjective results (22% of patients) were always associated with the patellofemoral pain syndrome, which could be traced to rotational instability leading to patellar malalignment. PMID- 6617013 TI - Evaluation of acute knee injuries with sciatic/femoral nerve blocks. AB - A preliminary study of the applicability of sciatic and femoral regional nerve blocks in the evaluation of acute knee injuries was conducted. During the period from January 1980 to March 1981, 12 patients with acute knee injuries in whom clinical examination under local anesthesia was considered totally unreliable secondary to patient uncooperation or severe pain were examined at Grady Memorial Hospital. Each of these patients received regional anesthesia by sciatic/femoral nerve block. All patients obtained satisfactory relaxation and analgesia for complete evaluation, and 92% obtained total analgesia for the knee. A full range of motion was present in each patient after the block. No complications were encountered. A satisfactory block was obtained in one attempt in 96% of the patients. (One patient had a failed femoral nerve block, but a repeated block was successful). PMID- 6617014 TI - Infection of the knee joint with Mycobacterium xenopi. AB - Mycobacterium xenopi infection of the knee joint occurred in a 71-year-old man. Owing to the failure to recognize the "contaminant" initially as a possible etiologic agent, the joint was destroyed and eventually treated by arthrodesis. PMID- 6617015 TI - Lateral retinacular release for intractable lateral retinacular pain. AB - Lateral retinacular release was performed in a series of patients with intractable lateral retinacular pain characterized by tenderness localized in some portion of the lateral retinaculum. Patients with other patellofemoral problems were excluded. Of 14 knees, 79% responded favorably. Lateral retinacular release may be best indicated in patients with less severe malalignment of the patella and intractable pain in the lateral retinaculum. PMID- 6617016 TI - Treatment of genu recurvatum by proximal tibial closing-wedge/anterior displacement osteotomy. AB - An operation is described for correction of the osseous form of genu recurvatum, which is secondary to premature closure of the anterior part of the proximal tibial physis with continued growth of the posterior part. At the Alfred I. duPont Institute 14 patients with 17 involved knees have been treated surgically for osseous genu recurvatum. All patients complained of cosmetic deformity, and nine of the 14 had pain. Etiologic factors included immobilization, trauma, and Osgood-Schlatter disease. The average age at surgery was 15 years six months, and the average follow-up period to date has been 20 months. Surgical procedures include the Irwin osteotomy (6 knees), the proximal opening-wedge osteotomy (2 knees), the distal closing-wedge osteotomy (1 knee), and the closing wedge/anterior displacement osteotomy (8 knees). In all 17 of the knees in this series symptoms resolved following surgery, and 16 knees were stable at clinical examination. The closing-wedge/anterior displacement osteotomy has the advantages of rapid healing, good correction of the deformity, restoration of the depressed tibial tubercle, fewer complications, and resection of the remaining physis, which prevents recurrence. PMID- 6617017 TI - Range of motion following total knee arthroplasty in ankylosed joints. AB - Following a vigorous range of motion protocol, 13 ankylosed knees (preoperative motion, 16 degrees +/- 8 degrees to 48 degrees +/- 23 degrees) achieved a significant increase in postoperative range of motion (0 degree +/- 2 degrees to 103 degrees +/- 20 degrees), which was indistinguishable from that achieved by a comparable group of flexible knees (preoperative flexion, 90 degrees or more). The motion gained has been sustained during the two- to five-year follow-up period of the study. PMID- 6617018 TI - A posterior ascending popliteal cyst mimicking thrombophlebitis following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). AB - Pain and swelling of the lower extremity following total knee arthroplasty are not infrequent. The most frequent conditions responsible for these symptoms include thrombophlebitis, prosthetic loosening, infection, and fracture of either the prosthesis or the bones. In addition to these conditions, a dissecting or ruptured popliteal cyst should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute calf pain and swelling following total knee arthroplasty. Two patients with symptoms of phlebothrombosis were evaluated retrospectively two to three years following total knee arthroplasty. In both patients the popliteal cysts dissected proximally into the thigh. A dissecting popliteal cyst is diagnosed by arthrography. The usual arthrographic films evaluated for a Baker's or popliteal cyst are anteroposterior and lateral views of the calf. These films are inadequate in patients who have undergone total knee arthroplasty; the dissecting cysts observed in the patients of the present report dissected proximally above the knee and were diagnosed on anteroposterior and lateral views of the distal femur. The more common symptoms noted after total knee arthroplasty should not be excluded due to the presence of a dissecting or ruptured cyst, as one of the patients of the present report also had a superimposed infection. Clinical considerations of a dissecting popliteal cyst are emphasized so that arthrography can be performed early in the course of the symptoms and proper treatment initiated. PMID- 6617019 TI - Failure of polyethylene acetabular cups. Two case reports. AB - Fatigue fracture involving the metallic femoral stem is well recognized after total hip arthroplasty. Two cases of Charnley-Mueller polyethylene acetabular cup failure, in a 54-year-old-woman and a 77-year-old woman with abnormal wear patterns, were diagnosed prior to operation. The fracture of the acetabular cup was recognized by the fragmented, crushed appearance of the cup. The arthrogram clearly showed the radiographic contrast agent passing through the substance of the cup. The wear of the cups was measured by micrometer calipers which have an accuracy of 0.001 mm. The polyethylene acetabular cup was analyzed in four zones formed by three circumferential grooves. Markedly increased wear of the components occurred in the superolateral dome area. This wear rate was as high as 0.8 mm/year, which is four times the average wear of 0.2 mm/year. This marked wear associated with repetitive cyclic fatigue or static load resulted in fracture of the polyethylene acetabular cup. Improper machining of the cup using low- rather than high-density polyethylene in the manufacturing process and the heavy weight of these patients may have been factors in the marked fissures and crack lines revealed by microscopic study of the fractured area after sputter coating with gold palladium. Fracture of the polyethylene acetabular component, although rare, may be encountered more often in longer follow-up studies of patients who have undergone total hip arthroplasty. Proper selection of patients, acetabular spacers, and pressure injection techniques may prevent early loosening of the acetabular polyethylene components. PMID- 6617020 TI - Nerve injury in total hip arthroplasty. AB - The causative factors and the clinical course of symptoms related to nerve injury in total hip arthroplasty were evaluated in 34 patients who underwent surgery during the period from 1969 to 1981. The overall incidence of this complication was 0.6%, with an incidence of 1.0% during the first seven years and of 0.3% during the following six years of the study. Female patients, particularly those with congenital hip dislocation, appeared to be at higher risk of sustaining nerve injury. Pathogenetic mechanisms of nerve injury identified in 47% of the patients included lengthening and/or lateral displacement of the proximal femur, subfascial hematoma formation, prosthetic dislocation, and partial nerve transection. Greater blood loss and longer surgical times were distinguishing features of the nerve injury group as compared with large series of total hip arthroplasties performed during similar periods by the same surgical approaches. Causalgic pain was a significant sequela of nerve injury, and its strong association with bleeding problems was observed. With the exception of causalgic pain, persistent neurologic dysfunction in 79% of these patients at an average of 3.7 years after operation did not cause significant disability. PMID- 6617021 TI - Anatomic surface elbow arthroplasty. A preliminary report. AB - Whereas loosening of the humeral component of the semiconstrained hinged prosthesis has been reported as one of the major long-term complications of this type of elbow arthroplasty, the major complication related to the use of a semiconstrained nonhinged prosthesis is apparently an increased incidence of long term dislocation of the ulnar and humeral components. The author has attempted to overcome this problem by including a radial head component for routine use with a three-piece, nonconstrained surface prosthesis for elbow arthroplasty. The importance of the radial head as a transmitter of vertical loading forces across the elbow joint is stressed. The apparent function of the radial head as a primary bony stabilizer of the elbow against valgus stress forces is also described. In addition to the radial head innovation, the new prosthetic design allows for ligament balancing by use of a system of articulating polyethylene spacers snapped onto the ulnar and radial head components. Preliminary results in 13 cases, with a mean follow-up period of 18 months, are noted. Although the author's clinical series is small and the postoperative follow-up period is short, the concepts related to the use of a radial head component and the improved ligament balancing by use of polyethylene articulating spacers seem to be valid. PMID- 6617022 TI - Desmoplastic fibroma of the ulna. A case report. AB - This report of desmoplastic fibroma of bone (DFB) in the left ulna represents the 56th published case of the neoplasm. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the present case is the first instance of this type of excision of the distal ulna performed for DFB with a metallic prosthesis and successful restoration of distal radial ulnar anatomy and function. PMID- 6617023 TI - Bone mineral content of femoral bone and the lumbar spine measured in women with fracture of the femoral neck by dual photon absorptiometry. AB - The bone mineral content (BMC) in the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and femoral shaft in 46 women ranging in age from 60 to 89 years with fractures of the femoral neck was measured by dual photon absorptiometry and compared with that of 38 healthy women in the same age group. For BMC of the lumbar spine and femoral neck there was no significant difference between the fracture group and the control group, whereas BMC of the femoral shaft was significantly reduced in the fracture group. No significant difference was found between BMC values for the 18 transcervical and 28 pertrochanteric fractures. Radiographic evidence of osteoporosis with compression fractures of vertebrae could be demonstrated in ten of the patients with femoral neck fractures. There was a significant correlation between BMC of the axial and peripheral skeleton in the patients with fractures. The Singh Index was significantly correlated with BMC of the lumbar spine but not with that of the femoral neck or shaft. It is concluded that the high incidence of femoral neck fracture with increasing age might be explained in part by a reduction in BMC, primarily cortical bone mineral, but it is likely that other factors that reduce the strength of bone or increase the tendency in older persons to fall are also of importance. PMID- 6617024 TI - Tissue response to implants of calcium phosphate ceramic in the rabbit spine. AB - Recent studies have shown that porous calcium phosphates provide a scaffold for bony ingrowth in various anatomic sites. In this preliminary investigation a type of porous calcium phosphate ceramic was implanted in the vertebral columns of 21 rabbits; the ceramic was studied as a possible bone graft substitute for use in spinal fusions. Animals were killed at three, six, eight, 12, and 24 weeks. Roentgenograms and histologic sections of the implant site were then obtained. Bony tissue ingrowth was progressing during the study period. Woven bone was found by six weeks after implantation, and lamellar bone was evident at 12 weeks. By 12 weeks the bony ingrowth had reached the central portion of the ceramic block. There was no fibrous tissue barrier to normal ossification. This type of calcium phosphate ceramic is compatible with bony ingrowth when implanted in the vertebral column of rabbits. PMID- 6617025 TI - Bone and serum concentrations of five cephalosporin drugs. Relevance to prophylaxis and treatment in orthopedic surgery. AB - Bone and serum concentrations of five cephalosporins were assayed in 92 patients undergoing elective hip or knee prosthetic joint arthroplasty. One hundred twenty five bone samples were assayed. Although there was no direct relation between serum and bone antibiotic concentrations, a trend toward increased bone antibiotic concentration for drugs with higher serum levels and longer half-lifes (cefazolin and ceforanide) was noted. Bone antibiotic concentrations were maximal within 60 minutes of drug administration. Although bone antibiotic concentrations following 2-g doses were greater than those following 1-g doses, the differences were not statistically significant. A trend toward higher bone antibiotic concentrations at hip surgery was noted, and this difference achieved statistical significance (p less than 0.05) for cefazolin. As a result of analysis of bone antibiotic concentrations, antimicrobial sensitivities, and cost, administration of 2 g of cefazolin immediately prior to operation, followed by 1 g every eight hours for 24 hours, is recommended in elective prosthetic joint surgery. PMID- 6617026 TI - Electroconductivity of bone in vitro and in vivo. AB - In view of conflicting data in the literature regarding the electroconductivity of bone, measurements were performed both in vivo and in vitro by using alternating current of 100.0 mA and 1.0 mA at a frequency of 1000 cycles/second and the four-electrode method. Electrodes were inserted through all of the bone layers into the bone marrow space of the femora of seven rabbits. Bone electric resistance was measured also in situ 30 minutes after the death of the animals. A threefold increase in resistance of bone, from about 600 to about 1700 ohm, occurred in situ 30 minutes after the death of the animals, and an enormous resistance, about 10(10) ohm, was measured in vitro. It was also apparent that femora from the different rabbits had different values of electric resistance both in vivo and in vitro. If electroconductivity of bone is determined by body fluids rather than by the bone tissue per se, measuring the "specific resistance" of bone in vivo is meaningless. PMID- 6617027 TI - Muscle architecture of the human lower limb. AB - The architectural features of the major knee extensors and flexors and ankle plantar flexors and dorsiflexors were determined in three human cadavers. There was marked uniformity of fiber length throughout a given muscle and a trend toward similar fiber lengths within muscles of a synergistic group. Muscle length/fiber length ratios were remarkably similar for all three limbs. Angles of fiber pinnation were relatively small (0 degree-15 degrees) and generally consistent throughout the muscle. From these architectural data, the performance of a muscle was studied with respect to its tension production and velocity of shortening potentials. The tension is a function of the number of sarcomeres in parallel, and the velocity of shortening is a function of the number of sarcomeres in series. Muscles were grouped according to whether they showed a predilection for tension or velocity of shortening. PMID- 6617028 TI - Intramuscular pressure, muscle blood flow, and skeletal muscle metabolism in chronic anterior tibial compartment syndrome. AB - One hundred eight patients with lower leg pain of unknown cause underwent intramuscular pressure measurements by the wick technique. Fifteen patients (14%) were found to have a chronic anterior tibial compartment syndrome. In these patients the intramuscular pressure was significantly increased at rest and during and after exercise as compared with normal subjects. The pressure increase after exercise was long-lasting (40 minutes). Biopsies of the anterior tibial muscles showed increased water content, which may explain the elevated pressures. Muscle blood flow during exercise as measured by the xenon-133 clearance technique was decreased, and muscle lactate concentration was increased in the anterior tibial muscles. Fasciotomy relieved pain and normalized intramuscular pressure, muscle blood flow, and skeletal muscle metabolism. PMID- 6617029 TI - Experimental fixation of femoral osteotomies by cerclage with nylon straps. AB - Following the successful experience of Partridge in the fixation of human femoral fractures by nylon-strap cerclage, this research in 23 mature dogs was performed to compare nylon-strap with wire-loop cerclage for healing periods of up to 12 weeks. Supplemented by intramedullary fixation with Steinmann pins, long oblique femoral osteotomies were fixed in one femur of each dog by nylon straps and in the other femur by wire loops, at separate operations. The nylon straps were all secured at the same tension by a special "gun." The wire loops were all secured at the same tension by the Rhinelander tightener-twister. Half of the nylon straps had "bumps" along the inner surface, which were added by Partridge in an effort to circumvent the microvascular disturbance reported with Parham bands. On examination by microangiography and correlated histology, all of the osteotomies, regardless of the type of fixation, showed good progress toward osseous union. After fixation by wire cerclage no loss of position or disturbance of blood supply was noted. After fixation by nylon straps slight (clinically insignificant) longitudinal displacement, attributed to slight lengthening of the straps, with consequent loosening was noted in all cases. This loosening was considered advantageous because it appeared to be responsible for the unexpected lack of impairment of the vascularization of the underlying cortical bone by any of the straps. The bumps on the undersurface of some of the straps were, thus, of no vascular advantage, and their presence made accurate fixation of the ostectomy fragments more difficult on the small bones. These studies support the value of fixation by plain nylon straps and show their advantage over straps with bumps for fixation of long oblique single osteotomies of bones the size of the canine femur. PMID- 6617030 TI - Use of spinal traction in the treatment of neck and back conditions. AB - Spinal traction is a time-honored method for the treatment of disc protrusion, degenerative disc disease, and joint dysfunction. Effective treatment is not as easy or as simple to administer as it may appear. Many variations of technique exist, some of questionable value. It must be emphasized that spinal traction is only a part of the total management-treatment regimen, which includes other forms of physical therapy. Without a total management program, spinal traction, like many other empiric methods, has little chance of long-range benefit. Consequently, physicians prescribing spinal traction must be prepared to apply proved diagnostic methods and other treatment methods. PMID- 6617031 TI - Fusion of the cervical spine for instability. AB - The orthopedic and neurosurgical literature is neither clear nor consistent in describing an unstable cervical spine. In a series of 25 patients treated by arthrodesis of the cervical spine for instability, 12 had Gallie fusions at the atlantoaxial level. Eight of those fusions were performed for rheumatoid arthritis. In three patients persistent subluxation of the atlas on the axis occurred because the wires were not fully tightened in areas of poor-quality bone. Stable fixation with relief of symptoms was achieved in all patients who had fusions at the subaxial level. Several of these patients had had prolonged nonsurgical treatment. With rheumatoid bone of poor quality, the surgeon must be very careful to tighten the wires only enough to secure a stable reduction for treatment of subaxial cervical instability. Since stability achieved by healing of soft tissue is generally unreliable, prolonged periods of nonsurgical treatment are not justified for traumatic instability. PMID- 6617032 TI - Thallium imaging of benign cardiac tumor. PMID- 6617033 TI - Radioxenon retention in the skeleton on a routine ventilation study. AB - Marked retention of radioxenon by the skeletal structures during a routine ventilation scan is described. Xenon uptake by bones occurs largely in the intraosseous fat. Augmented uptake in this case may be related to the patient's prolonged steroid therapy. PMID- 6617034 TI - Lymphoscintigraphy as an adjunctive procedure in the perioperative assessment of patients undergoing microlymphaticovenous anastomoses. AB - Microlymphaticovenous anastomoses provide a potential for reducing lymphedema of the upper extremity complicating radical mastectomy or irradiation. Lymphoscintigraphy is a valuable investigative modality in the perioperative evaluation of patients undergoing this surgical procedure. The radionuclide studies provide information regarding structural change and physiologic derangement with a low radiation dose to the patient. It is a simple, painless procedure requiring minimal skill and no surgical intervention. In addition, a reproducible method for preparing a radiocolloid suitable for lymphatic imaging using an approved drug as a precursor has been developed. PMID- 6617035 TI - Discordant Tc-99m sulfur colloid and In-113m chloride blood pool images in patients with acute amebic liver abscess. AB - Using combined Tc-99m sulfur colloid and In-113m chloride eluate imaging, studies from 32 patients with proven amebic liver abscess were analyzed. The results revealed good perfusion of the amebic lesion in three, poor perfusion in 11, and absent perfusion in 18. These results appear to depend on abscess size and age. Images with In-113m seem to be better than those with Tc-99m sulfur colloid in depicting amebic liver abscess during antiamebic therapy. Overall, the In-113m images provide more precise information concerning abscess size and shape. PMID- 6617036 TI - Detection and quantification of regional wall motion abnormalities using phase analysis of equilibrium gated cardiac studies. AB - Phase images obtained from equilibrium gated cardiac studies were evaluated for qualitative and quantitative information and correlated with contrast angiography in 33 patients. The left ventricular region of interest was obtained by a semiautomatic procedure which avoided underestimation of size but also eliminated extraventricular pixels. Phase images and phase distribution histograms were arranged in three standard displays which included the whole heart, isolated left ventricle, isolated abnormal areas, and quantification of maximum phase shift in the whole free border and in the inferolateral and posterolateral segments. Only the free left ventricular border was evaluated. According to contrast angiography results, four categories were obtained: normal, hypokinetic, akinetic, and dyskinetic. The best correlation with contrast angiography was found with the results obtained by dividing the left ventricular free border in two segments (r = 0.91). Scheffe's test for multiple comparisons showed significant differences between each of the four categories. Expressed in phase shifts from the histogram mode, the lower limits for the three abnormal categories were established at 30 degrees, 78 degrees, and 156 degrees respectively for hypokinetic, akinetic, and dyskinetic segments. For distinguishing normal from abnormal segments, sensitivity = 83%, specificity = 94%, and accuracy = 89%. The main reasons for discrepant results appeared to be small hypokinetic areas in an otherwise normal ventricle, very large area of hypokinesia, segments adjacent to an area of marked abnormality, and ventricles with asynchrony (wave-like motion). The method described provides an image which characterizes myocardial synchrony, generates clear boundaries for abnormal areas, and lends itself to quantification. PMID- 6617037 TI - Ovarian cancer. PMID- 6617039 TI - Cytoreductive surgery for common epithelial tumours of the ovary. PMID- 6617038 TI - Importance of proper staging in ovarian carcinoma. AB - Therefore, on discovery of a clinical Stage I or II ovarian carcinoma through a previously made subumbilical incision, the incision should be extended above the umbilicus to enable one to inspect the diaphragm and remove the omentum from the transverse colon. Biopsy of any raised lesion of the diaphragm can easily be done with laparoscopic biopsy forceps and is associated with minimal morbidity. Routine biopsy of a normal appearing diaphragm is not advocated. Pelvic and paracolic washings for cytological evaluation for malignant cells are obtained by instilling 100-200 cm3 of saline into the pelvis and a similar amount into the right and left paracolic spaces, respectively, and aspirating the fluid for cytological evaluation. Most women with ovarian cancers are still primarily operated on by gynaecologists who are not trained in para-aortic and pelvic lymph node sampling. Ideally, however, women with clinical Stage I or II ovarian cancers should have biopsy of any palpable para-aortic or pelvic lymph node. Such careful surgical staging will: define those patients who are apt to truly have Stage I or II ovarian cancer; improve and refine adjuvant therapy for Stage I and II ovarian cancer; and allow for adjuvant therapy for patients found to have Stage III ovarian cancer, discovered at the time of surgical staging for presumed localized ovarian cancer. The significance of the latter is seen in Table 10 and in the fact that with the subsequent increase to 61 patients evaluated by the Ovarian Cancer Study Group, the incidence of occult metastases from Stage I and II ovarian cancer remain strikingly unchanged (Young et al, 1983, unpublished observations). PMID- 6617040 TI - Radioisotopes in the treatment of ovarian cancer. AB - Ovarian cancer, currently, is the leading cause of death from malignancies arising in the female genital tract. Investigators and collaborative groups are focusing on this problem in an attempt to improve patient survival. The material reviewed has attempted to gather the data that relate to the use of radioisotopes in the treatment of ovarian cancer. The conclusions reached from this review are: Dose. The initial therapeutic dose of 198Au was empirically determined by Muller. This empirically determined dose was then used to estimate a dose of 32P, based on certain assumptions about these radiocolloids that have been shown to be erroneous. It would appear that the administered dose of 100-150 mCi of 198Au yields a significantly greater tissue dose than 10-15 mCi of 32P. Complications. Complications associated with 198Au are a result of a possibly excessive dose, delivered over a shorter period of time, with a significant gamma component. It is clear that in greater than 99 per cent of disintegrations each beta particle is associated with a gamma component. Distribution, dose distribution, and dose rate. These three critical factors have recently been evaluated for intraperitoneal 32P. It would appear that distribution is non-uniform, and thus dose distribution is not homogeneous, and that dose rate is low and may be ineffective in controlling ovarian cancer. Results of treatment. It would appear from a review of the literature that no prospective randomized well-controlled study as indicated the effectiveness of 32P over other treatment modalities. There is only circumstantial evidence for its effectiveness. The clinical applicability of 32P in the treatment of Stage I ovarian cancer, as part of a treatment protocol, awaits the results of well controlled prospective clinical trials. PMID- 6617041 TI - Serum digoxin concentration and diagnosis of digitalis toxicity. Current concepts. PMID- 6617042 TI - A survey of pharmacokinetic data from pregnant women. AB - Published results of pharmacokinetic studies (terminal half-life, t 1/2 beta, elimination constant, kappa e1; apparent volume of distribution in beta-phase, Vd beta and plasma clearance, CLp) in pregnant and non-pregnant women have been compiled and compared. Most of the data relate to the results of pharmacokinetic studies with 20 drugs in women at full-term pregnancy, i.e. about 40 weeks gestation. A review of these data failed to reveal any consistent overall trend in any of the pharmacokinetic parameters listed and no generally applicable changes in the disposition of the drugs as a result of pregnancy can be characterised. However, pregnancy associated changes appear to be discernible in the elimination patterns of certain drugs, for example, ampicillin, caffeine, diazepam, phenytoin and thiopentone, but the factors producing these changes can still only be suggested. PMID- 6617043 TI - Steady-state pharmacokinetics of phenytoin from routinely collected patient data. AB - Previously reported routine phenytoin clinical pharmacokinetic data from Japan, England, and Germany were analysed to estimate population pharmacokinetic parameters. There were 780 steady-state phenytoin concentrations and associated dosage rates (mg/day) from 322 patients. The patient group spanned paediatric and adult ages, mean age being 18.4 +/- 17.3 (SD) years; 53% were males. The data were analysed using NONMEM, a computer programme designed for population pharmacokinetic analysis. Estimates of the influence of age, gender, data source, height and weight on the maximum elimination rate (Vm) and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) were obtained. The Vm and Km of a 70 kg adult male European were estimated to be 415 mg/day and 5.7 mg/L, respectively. Vm is not influenced by gender, age or data source. The parameters of a power function of height and weight were estimated to adjust Vm for body size. The best function adjusts Vm in proportion to weight to the 0.6 power; height contains no useful information. Km is not influenced by gender. The Km for patients less than 15 years old is 43% less than that of older patients. The Km of Japanese patients appears to be 23% less than that for European patients. Even after adjustments for age, etc., apparent Vm and Km vary unpredictably among individuals with a coefficient of variation between 10 to 20% and approximately 50% respectively. PMID- 6617045 TI - Peptic ulcer disease in children and adolescents. A ten-year experience. AB - We report a retrospective review of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) in children seen at Children's Hospital of Michigan, over 10 years (1971-1980). Of the 61 included, 31 had primary ulcers and 30 had stress ulcers. The diagnosis was made by either barium meal or endoscopy, at surgery, or at autopsy. Stress ulcers were commoner in children less than 4 years of age and were precipitated by various conditions leading to shock. The majority of these patients required surgery for perforation or bleeding. Primary ulcers were more common in children older than 4 years. The most common presenting symptoms in this group were abdominal pain and gastrointestinal bleeding. The majority of patients with primary PUD received medical therapy in the form of antacids and/or cimetidine. In one-third of these patients, surgery was necessary for complications such as intractable pain, perforation, or massive recurrent hemorrhage. PMID- 6617044 TI - Nomogram for estimating creatinine clearance. AB - Several methods have been published for estimating creatinine clearance from serum creatinine concentrations. Such estimates of creatinine clearance are widely used for dosage adjustments of drugs which are primarily eliminated through the kidneys in patients with reduced renal function. Most of these methods involve the use of equations, requiring a few steps of calculations. A simple and easy-to-use nomogram is presented for estimating creatinine clearance from serum creatinine concentration, plus the age, sex, and bodyweight of the individual patient. This nomogram is based on the linear relationship between creatinine clearance and the reciprocal value of the serum creatinine concentration, where the slope of this relationship is determined by the rate of creatinine production. The rate of creatinine production, however, is related to age, sex, and bodyweight. These physical characteristics are therefore used to scale the slopes of the relationships between creatinine clearance and serum creatinine concentration. The validity of the nomogram was tested in 50 consecutive hospitalised patients for which creatinine clearance was measured. There was an excellent correlation (r = 0.903) between predicted and observed creatinine clearance values. PMID- 6617046 TI - The pre-participation examination of the young athlete. Defining the essentials. AB - Examination of published reports and expert recommendations about appropriate pre participation examinations of young athletes reveals widespread disagreement about objectives, format, and content. This review and commentary examines current evidence and proposes a more modest routine athletic physical. Even without requiring evidence of careful science and methodologic rigor, few of the traditional parts of the physical for the athlete are found to have evidence of utility. Some newly suggested orthopedic maneuvers may ultimately prove useful. Definitive recommendations await evaluation, using appropriate and careful methodology. PMID- 6617047 TI - Facilitating patient understanding in the treatment of growth delay. AB - Effective physician-patient communication is often critical to the success of therapy of an illness. It has been shown that childrens' understanding of their illness is related to their stage of cognitive development, emotional maturity, and the level of communication between doctor and patient. Using a simple visual technique, we have demonstrated that nearly 45 percent of growth delayed children and their families overestimated their height in relation to peers and nearly 80 percent have unrealistic expectations of hGH therapy. This could be corrected to a significant degree by using the same visual aid in combination with family conferences. The results of this study have implications for the nature of physician-patient communications in other disorders. PMID- 6617048 TI - The impact of divorce on teenagers. AB - Divorce is common in the contemporary way of life and deserves objective study. It may have redeeming features, but from the point of view of children, divorce is a stressful experience because of the disruption of the home and its financial, emotional, and social costs. The adverse impact, however, can be minimized by realistic and sensitive attention to its effects on children. Although divorce alters the living arrangements of affected families, it does not end family relationships. For this reason, marriage and divorce counseling should deal with the perspectives of both adults and children. Most teenagers and their parents adjust to divorce and later regard it as having been a constructive action; but one-third do not. In those instances the turbulence of the post divorce phase plays a crucial role in influencing pathological reactions in affected teenagers. The physician is in a strategic position to act as diagnostician, a clarifier of values, an educator in the facts of family life and divorce, a counselor in working through feelings about and attitudes toward divorce, and a source of support for teenagers. PMID- 6617049 TI - Teenage fathers. Stresses during gestation and early parenthood. AB - To determine the nature of the stresses experienced by teenage fathers, 20 youths (mean age, 17.6 years) were interviewed from one to four times during the prenatal period and at four to six weeks following delivery. While all conceptions had occurred premaritally, most couples had married by the time of delivery. A total of 44 interviews were performed: four during first trimester, 12 during second trimester, 17 during third trimester, and 11 postpartum. Stressors reported by the subjects were grouped into four categories: vocational educational concerns, concerns about the health of the mother and/or the baby, concerns about future parenthood, and problems with relationships. It was found that the intensity of these concerns changed throughout pregnancy and the neonatal period. Subjects who had expected the pregnancy to occur tended to report less stress during the third trimester than did teens who had not anticipated conception. PMID- 6617050 TI - Pseudocyesis in an adolescent patient. Case report and radiologic analysis. AB - The physical and psychological changes of pseudocyesis have bewildered physicians since the time of Hippocrates. We present the case of a 14-year-old girl as a reminder that pseudocyesis needs to be considered in adolescents and that the diagnosis may not be obvious, even with current technologies. We document that gaseous distension and abdominal fat deposits can lead to dramatic abdominal fullness and can mimic a term pregnancy. PMID- 6617051 TI - Diverticulitis in an adolescent. PMID- 6617052 TI - Decisions to withdraw life support in the neonatal intensive care unit. AB - Neonatal intensive care units may choose to selectively withdraw support in some neonates with severe brain damage. We offer suggestions for criteria for such withdrawal, and a review of 20 cases in which such a decision-making process occurred in our neonatal intensive care unit. PMID- 6617053 TI - Short stature and dysmorphism in the child and adolescent female. Diagnostic dilemmas. AB - The clinician often encounters girls with varying combinations of short stature and subtle dysmorphic features that are compatible with either Turner or Noonan syndrome. A classic case of either syndrome with extensive unmistakable traits is the exception rather than the rule. Six cases are presented to help describe some of the difficulties in differential diagnosis and provide strategies to avert them. PMID- 6617054 TI - The choking child--a life-threatening emergency. Evaluation of current recommendations. AB - Recently, there has been much controversy in the pediatric literature concerning the appropriate emergency treatment of the choking child. The current recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics suggest a series of back blows followed by several chest thrusts. The research literature supporting these recommendations is reviewed. In addition, the data of investigators who disagree with this approach are presented. It is concluded that, although there are inadequacies in all of the existing research, there are no contraindications to the AAP recommendations. It is suggested that our focus, as pediatricians, should be on educating the lay public in the performance of a series of routine maneuvers that may be life-saving. PMID- 6617055 TI - Wilson's disease in childhood. Variability of clinical presentation. AB - Although Wilson's Disease is a treatable disorder, 9 of 15 cases referred with undiagnosed liver disease in the present series died in 3 to 53 days of admission. We have reviewed these cases to identify features that would allow earlier diagnosis and improvement in management. The presenting symptoms were lethargy and malaise (11 cases), jaundice (11), abdominal pain (9), and deteriorating school performance (4). At diagnosis, all fatal cases had jaundice and ascites, while only one of the 6 survivors had ascites and two had jaundice. Evidence of hemolysis was found in 3 fatal cases and 5 survivors. Serum bilirubin concentrations, aspartate transaminase, and prolongation of prothrombin time were significantly more abnormal in the fatal cases (p less than 0.01) as compared with the survivors. Cirrhosis was present in all fatal cases and in 2 of the 6 survivors. Wilson's Disease must be excluded in children presenting with frank liver disease as well as those with hemolytic anemia, persisting lethargy, abdominal pain, or deteriorating school performance. PMID- 6617056 TI - Residential treatment centers in Europe for children and youth with diabetes mellitus. AB - Residential centers for children with diabetes in Germany, Netherlands, Scotland, and Denmark were visited during 1979 and 1980 to determine applicability of this approach to North American needs. Information was updated in 1982 and data from France added. Duration of patient stay was from one month to many years. All of the centers sought to involve the family in rehabilitation. Direction varied from full-time physician to nonmedical; and involvement of nurses, psychologists, and social workers ranged from nil to intense. Professional staffing appeared to have no direct relationship to success of the houses; rather, good results depended upon a committed staff providing love and even-handed discipline. No comparative studies are available to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of these houses, which had a per diem cost, excluding capital investment, of +31 to +90 per patient. PMID- 6617057 TI - House officer management of the febrile child. A survey. AB - Questionnaires were used to survey 95 pediatric house officers in order to determine their reasons and methods for treating fever, as well as their knowledge of fever physiology. The reasons given for treating fever were to make the child comfortable (99%), to prevent seizures (63%), and to satisfy parents (44%). The average temperature at which antipyretic medication was started was 38.6 +/- 0.3 C. Alternating doses of aspirin and acetaminophen were used by 53 per cent, and sponging was recommended by 76 per cent of the residents. The average temperature at which sponging was started was 39.5 +/- 0.6 C. The percentage of house officers who use sponging and/or alternating doses of antipyretics differed greatly from hospital to hospital. Sixty-one per cent of the residents felt that fever is a defense mechanism which does not require treatment. Despite this belief, the majority of these residents use vigorous means to lower fever in children. PMID- 6617058 TI - Hereditary Factor VII deficiency in newborns. PMID- 6617059 TI - Exchange transfusion in the management of CNS crisis in sickle cell disease. PMID- 6617060 TI - Intracranial parenchymal hemorrhage in a full-term infant. An unusual clinical presentation with ultrasonographic diagnosis. PMID- 6617061 TI - Symposium on operative obstetrics. PMID- 6617062 TI - Reasons for disagreement in the standardized assessment of suspected adverse drug reactions. PMID- 6617063 TI - Kinetics of esmolol, an ultra-short-acting beta blocker, and of its major metabolite. AB - Esmolol is an ultra-short-acting beta blocker. Its kinetics was studied in eight healthy subjects after continuous intravenous infusion of 400 micrograms/kg/min over 2 hr. The concentrations of esmolol and its major metabolite, 3-[4-(2 hydroxy-3-[isopropylamino]propoxy)phenyl]propionic acid, in blood and urine were determined by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric assay and HPLC. The distribution and elimination t1/2s of esmolol averaged 2.03 and 9.19 min. The apparent volume of distribution of esmolol averaged 3.43 l/kg and was four times the volume of the central compartment. The total clearance of esmolol averaged 285 ml/min/kg, indicating that nonhepatic routes play a predominant role in its clearance. The t1/2s of formation and elimination of the metabolite averaged 2.82 min and 3.72 hr. The ratio of the metabolite formation and elimination rate constants of the parent drug (kf/k10) averaged 0.829, suggesting that 82.9% of esmolol was converted to the metabolite (which is consistent with the urinary recovery of 71% of the dose as unconjugated metabolite). The volume of distribution and total clearance of the metabolite averaged 0.411 l/kg and 1.28 ml/min/kg. Esmolol was followed by a significant reduction of isoproterenol induced increase in heart rate and systolic blood pressure at doses of 50, 150, and 400 micrograms/kg/min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6617064 TI - Cardiac arrhythmias after abrupt clonidine withdrawal. AB - Abrupt clonidine withdrawal may be associated with sharp marked increases in catecholamine levels, heart rate, and blood pressure, which may induce nausea, vomiting, and palpitations. Relatively little information is available on the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias in this setting. With continuous ambulatory ECG recordings, we determined the incidence of arrhythmias in seven male hypertensive patients (without active heart disease) after abrupt clonidine withdrawal. Serious ventricular arrhythmias, including brief ventricular tachycardia, developed in two patients who had greater increases in mean systolic blood pressure (28 +/- 3 vs 10 +/- 8 mm Hg) and double product (552 +/- 681 vs 333 +/- 195) than the others. The differences were not significant. Ventricular arrhythmias were not related to age, dose, withdrawal symptoms, initial blood pressure, urinary norepinephrine levels, or ECG abnormalities. We conclude that serious ventricular arrhythmias may be relatively common but unpredictable during clonidine withdrawal, even in patients with no clinically apparent heart disease. The triggering of ventricular arrhythmias should be added to the list of components of clonidine withdrawal syndrome. PMID- 6617065 TI - Dynamics of propranolol dosing schedules. AB - Kinetic and dynamic data from 27 healthy male subjects were evaluated in a double blind, randomized, double-crossover study to test the hypothesis that 180 mg/day propranolol twice and three times a day would provide much the same plasma levels and beta 1-blockade. The data indicate that propranolol twice rather than three times a day should be favored when beta 1-blockade is needed in therapy. The dynamic efficacy of the two schedules was the same and maximum concentration, AUC0-24, and 0-hr plasma propranolol values were higher after twice-than after three-times-daily dosing. The degree of beta 1-blockade (reduction in exercise tachycardia) was much the same on both dosing regimens at trough concentrations. These data indicate that both twice- and three-times-a-day dosing schedules provide well-sustained 24-hr beta-blockade and are probably interchangeable for therapeutic purposes. PMID- 6617066 TI - Effects of amiloride on plasma and total body potassium, blood pressure, and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in thiazide-treated hypertensive patients. AB - Total body potassium content, plasma potassium concentration, blood pressure, and plasma concentrations of renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone were measured in patients with essential hypertension after a run-in period of 8 wk on a regimen of hydrochlorothiazide (median dosage 75 mg/day). Patients were then randomly assigned to continued hydrochlorothiazide therapy (group I) or to receive adjunctive treatment with amiloride (group II, median dosage 15 mg/day or 5 mg per 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide) for the following 3 mo. There were no changes in group I patients during 3 mo on hydrochlorothiazide in plasma potassium, total body potassium content, or the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Blood pressure was also unchanged. In group II patients addition of amiloride to hydrochlorothiazide induced a rise in plasma and total body potassium of approximately 15% and 4%. The potassium-retaining effect was maintained throughout the 12-wk period, although the maximal changes were observed after 8 wk of treatment. Supine blood pressure did not change, but there was a significant decrease in standing systolic blood pressure. There was a marked rise in plasma concentrations of renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone. PMID- 6617067 TI - Azosemide kinetics and dynamics. AB - Azosemide is a loop diuretic that may also affect sodium reabsorption at the proximal tubule. We gave intravenous and oral doses of the drug to normal subjects to examine its kinetic and dynamic parameters. In the fasting state a lag time of absorption of approximately 1 hr was followed by absorption t 1/2s and elimination t 1/2s of approximately 0.75 and 2 2.5 hr. Only 2% of an oral dose was excreted unchanged in the urine. After intravenous dosing the elimination t 1/2 was approximately 2 hr; 20% of a dose was recovered unchanged. Thus azosemide has an estimated bioavailability of 10%. The relationship between urinary azosemide excretion rate ("dose") and natriuretic response follows a sigmoid-shaped curve with a dose inducing half-maximal response of 9.3 +/- 2.6 micrograms/min, whereas it is 69.8, 12.1 and 1 microgram/min for furosemide, piretanide, and bumetanide respectively. PMID- 6617068 TI - The response of plasma catecholamines to intravenous labetalol: a comparison with sodium nitroprusside. AB - Changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and plasma concentrations of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine were measured in eight hypertensive patients in a supine position after stepwise infusion of incremental sodium nitroprusside doses and intravenous injection of cumulative labetalol doses. Both drugs induced rises in plasma NE concentration that were linearly related to reductions in MAP. For any reduction in blood pressure (BP), however, the rise in plasma NE concentration induced by labetalol was approximately four times that induced by sodium nitroprusside. The difference can be explained by two effects of labetalol: impairment of neuronal NE uptake and beta-adrenergic receptor blockade, which are known to reduce NE clearance from plasma. After both drugs there was a correlation between changes in HR and changes in BP and a correlation between changes in HR and changes in plasma NE concentration. Slopes of the regression lines for both relationships were less after labetalol than after sodium nitroprusside, presumably because of the beta-adrenergic-blocking properties of labetalol. Multiple-regression analysis indicated that the plasma NE rise was an important determinant of the vasodepressor response to each drug. The greater plasma NE elevation after labetalol may limit its antihypertensive effect. PMID- 6617069 TI - Effects of hydralazine and sodium nitroprusside on plasma catecholamines and heart rate. AB - Hydralazine and sodium nitroprusside induce different effects on systemic hemodynamics, but their effects on sympathetic neuronal activity have not been compared. Five hypertensive subjects receiving only hydrochlorothiazide were studied during two sessions. During one session, four doses of hydralazine, 0.1 to 0.6 mg/kg, were given intravenously at least 3 days apart, and during the other session, sodium nitroprusside was infused in stepwise doses, 0.05 to 4.8 micrograms/kg/min for 10 min per dose. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and plasma norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine concentrations were determined before and after dosing. The following correlated linearly for hydralazine and sodium nitroprusside: delta HR/delta MAP, delta NE/delta MAP, and delta HR/delta NE. Comparison of these relationships, however, indicated significant differences between the sympathetic neuronal and hemodynamic responses to hydralazine and sodium nitroprusside. Increase in HR relative to decrease in MAP was greater for hydralazine than for sodium nitroprusside. There were greater increases in plasma NE concentration relative to falls in MAP with sodium nitroprusside than with hydralazine, but increases in HR relative to increases in plasma NE concentration were smaller for sodium nitroprusside than for hydralazine. Such responses may reflect differential effects of hydralazine and sodium nitroprusside on the systemic clearance of NE or of the activity of cardiopulmonary baroreceptors. PMID- 6617070 TI - Single- and multiple-dose metronidazole kinetics. AB - Kinetics of metronidazole and its metabolites were examined after single oral and intravenous doses and multiple oral doses in seven subjects by a sensitive HPLC assay. After 400 mg metronidazole IV, mean Vd beta was 1.05 l/kg. Mean plasma t1/2 was 8.3 hr with a ClTBC of 1.31 ml/min/kg. Clearance to the major metabolites, 2-hydroxy-metronidazole and 1-acetic acid metronidazole, accounted for over 90% of the ClTBC. After a single oral 400-mg metronidazole dose, the development of peak metronidazole plasma concentrations of 6.9 micrograms/ml averaged 2.3 hr after dosing. Systemic oral bioavailability was complete (98.9%). During twice-daily multiple metronidazole dosing, 400 mg, metronidazole kinetics were the same. Elimination t1/2 was 8.3 hr and average predicted steady-state metronidazole concentrations during one dosing interval (6.3 +/- 0.5 micrograms/ml; mean +/- SE) were equal to the observed concentrations (6.9 +/- 1 micrograms/ml). Urinary excretion of unchanged metronidazole was below 10% of the total dose. Seventy-five percent of the dose was 2-hydroxy-metronidazole and 1 acetic acid metronidazole, and 15% was conjugates of metronidazole and 2-hydroxy metronidazole. PMID- 6617071 TI - Codeine and aspirin analgesia in postpartum uterine cramps: qualitative aspects of quantitative assessments. AB - The analgesic response to codeine of patients with postpartum uterine-cramp pain has recently met with controversy. To readdress this question, we conducted a new study comparing codeine sulfate, 60 mg (N = 32) and 120 mg (N = 31), with aspirin, 650 mg (N = 34), and placebo (N = 32) in hospitalized women with moderate or severe postpartum uterine cramps treated with single oral doses in a parallel, stratified, randomized, double-blind trial. Subjective reports were used as indices of response, and patients rated pain intensity, pain relief, and side effects at periodic, uniformly conducted interviews for 6 hr. Most measures of analgesia exhibited important differences among the treatments. In patients with undifferentiated pain (N = 129) and in a subset of patients with pure uterine cramps (N = 56; i.e., no concomitant episiotomy), aspirin showed the greatest response, whereas codeine responses were equivocal with no evidence of a positive dose response. In contrast, in a subset of patients with mixed episiotomy-uterine pain (N = 73), 120 mg codeine showed good separation from placebo and compared favorably with aspirin. Codeine, 60 mg, showed a similar trend, and there was a strong suggestion of dose-dependent analgesia. Side effects were not remarkable except for dizziness and drowsiness after 120 mg codeine in all sets and subsets of patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6617072 TI - Effects of lorazepam and its withdrawal on sleep, performance, and subjective state. AB - The effects of 3 mg lorazepam on polysomnographic recordings, performance, anxiety, and perceived sleep were examined. Six insomniac subjects slept in the sleep laboratory for 18 consecutive nights after having taken placebo or lorazepam. Polysomnographic data and subjective reports indicated hypnotic efficacy in terms of sleep initiation and maintenance. There was some evidence of rebound insomnia after drug withdrawal, although it was not evident from all measures. Clear performance decrements occurred during lorazepam use. PMID- 6617073 TI - Midazolam kinetics in women of two age groups. AB - Midazolam kinetics were determined in 11 younger (22 to 30 yr) and 11 older (50 to 60 yr) women to determine age-related differences in the kinetics of this water-soluble benzodiazepine. Midazolam, 0.2 mg/kg, was injected intravenously over 30 sec for induction of anesthesia that was maintained with 67% nitrous oxide in oxygen and intravenous fentanyl doses. There were no differences between the groups with respect to awakening times or plasma concentrations. Midazolam kinetics were described by a three-compartment open mamillary model. The only differences were small increases in the slow and total volumes of distribution in the older women. The kinetics we determined, including the steady-state volume of distribution of 1.23 l/kg and the elimination clearance of 419 ml/min, are in excellent agreement with those reported by others. Our data suggest that midazolam has advantages over other benzodiazepines, not only because of its water solubility and shorter elimination t1/2, but also because of little change in its kinetics with age. PMID- 6617074 TI - Multiple-dose doxepin kinetics in depressed patients. AB - Doxepin (DOX) and desmethyldoxepin (DMD) kinetics were examined in seven depressed patients receiving single daily doses of 150 mg DOX for 1 to 3 wk. Blood samples were collected at 0, 4, 12, 15, 18, and 24 hr after the first dose, at bedtime before doses 7, 14, and 21, and at 4, 12, 15, 18, and 24 hr after the last dose. Plasma concentrations of DOX and DMD were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Clinical response to DOX treatment was evaluated by the Zung self-rating depression scale and the Hamilton rating scale for depression. Mean DOX t1/2 after the first dose was 17.7 hr, and it rose to 21.8 hr after the last dose. Mean DMD t1/2 was not significantly affected by multiple dosing (34.2 hr after first dose and 37.1 hr after last dose). Mean values for plasma clearance, volume of distribution, and first-pass metabolism were 0.87 l/hr/kg, 23.8 l/kg, and 69.5%. In depressed patients kinetics were in the normal range. Steady-state concentrations of DOX and DMD were reached within 2 wk of beginning DOX dosing. The concentration-response curve indicated strong correlation between total DOX concentration (DOX + DMD) and antidepressant effect (r2 = 0.76). PMID- 6617075 TI - Amitriptyline metabolism: relationship to polymorphic debrisoquine hydroxylation. AB - Amitriptyline AT demethylation to nortriptyline NT was determined in nine healthy subjects who had been phenotyped with respect to debrisoquine D hydroxylation capacity. AT demethylation was calculated from the ratio between the plasma AUCs of NT after single oral doses of AT and NT. Plasma clearance of AT by demethylation did not correlate with the ratio between D and 4-hydroxy-D in urine (rs = -0.55). PMID- 6617076 TI - Thiol methylation pharmacogenetics: heritability of human erythrocyte thiol methyltransferase activity. AB - Thiol methylation of aliphatic sulfhydryl drugs is catalyzed by thiol methyltransferase (TMT), an enzyme activity that can be measured in the human erythrocyte (RBC) membrane. As a first step toward determining the possible role of inheritance in the regulation of individual variations in the S-methylation of drugs in man, the heritability of human RBC membrane TMT activity was determined. RBC TMT activity was measured in blood samples from 231 first-degree relatives in 47 randomly selected families. The frequency distribution of enzyme activities was unimodal, with a fivefold variation within +/- 2 SDs. RBC TMT activity did not correlate with either age or sex. Heritability in the "narrow" sense (h2) was estimated by comparing correlations of RBC TMT activities in first-degree relatives with theoretical values expected for a trait under total additive genetic control. The correlation between RBC TMT activities in mothers and fathers in these families was only 0.04, a finding that made shared environment a less likely explanation for significant correlations among other family members. However, sibling-sibling (S-S), parent-offspring (P-O), and midparent (average of two parental values)-offspring (M-O) correlations were 0.49, 0.49, and 0.69.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6617077 TI - Availability of salicylate from salsalate and aspirin. AB - Salicylate availability from salsalate (SSA) and aspirin (ASA) was examined in six rheumatoid arthritis patients in a multiple-dose double-blind crossover study. Doses contained equimolar amounts of salicylic acid. After initial ASA treatment to achieve therapeutic salicylate levels (150 to 300 micrograms/ml) the patients received equimolar doses of SSA or ASA. When steady state was achieved patients were hospitalized, and blood and urine specimens were obtained during three dosing intervals and during the washout period that followed. Thereafter, patients were placed on the alternate medication for at least a week and the in hospital pattern was repeated. Despite insignificant differences in absorption of the formulations, as measured by urinary salicylate recovery, the plasma salicylic acid AUC was lower after SSA. Evidence indicates that this apparent lower availability of salicylate from SSA is due to incomplete hydrolysis to salicylic acid, the unhydrolyzed SSA being excreted mainly as glucuronide conjugates. PMID- 6617078 TI - Theobromine kinetics and metabolic disposition. AB - Metabolism and kinetics of a single oral dose of 30 microCi 8-14C-theobromine with 10 mg/kg theobromine sodium acetate were studied in six healthy, nonmedicated, nonsmoking men after 14 days' abstention from all methylxanthine sources. Identification and quantitation of metabolites in plasma and urine both by HPLC and by thin-layer chromatography coupled with radiography indicated that theobromine was predominant in plasma. For urine, both methods identified theobromine as well as 7-methylxanthine, 7-methyluric acid, 3-methylxanthine, 6 amino-5[N-methylformylamino]-1-methyluracil, and a small amount of 3,7 dimethyluric acid as the metabolites of theobromine. All administered radioactivity was recovered in urine and no polar metabolites could be detected. Analysis of the urinary excretion data by the sigma-minus method allowed calculation of the apparent first-order rate constants for production of 7 methylxanthine, 7-methyluric acid, 3-methylxanthine, 3,7-dimethyluric acid, and 6 amino-5[N-methylformylamino]-1-methyluracil. PMID- 6617079 TI - The presentation haemoglobin level in 1103 patients with Hodgkin's disease (BNLI report no. 21). AB - The presentation haemoglobin level was measured in 1103 patients with Hodgkin's disease. A reduced presentation haemoglobin level occurred with a higher relative frequency in patients with advanced disease, systemic (B) symptoms and aggressive histological subtypes. A reduced presentation haemoglobin was associated with a decreased survival. PMID- 6617080 TI - The prognostic significance of cellular subtypes in nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease: an analysis of 271 non-laparotomised cases (BNLI report no. 22). AB - A histological review of 271 cases of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease, patients presenting with clinical Stage I, II and III disease but not subjected to a staging laparotomy, has been undertaken. Cases were categorised according to the cytological appearances of the cellular nodules and the degree of sclerosis was examined. Cytological subtypes with extensive and easily recognised areas of lymphocyte depletion or numerous pleomorphic Hodgkin's cells were associated with a decreased survival and clinical stage did not appear to be a good indicator of prognosis in these patients. Pronounced nodal sclerosis was associated with a higher relative frequency of mediastinal disease and the lymphocyte-depleted cytological subtypes. PMID- 6617081 TI - The prognostic significance of age in Hodgkin's disease: examination of 1500 patients (BNLI report no. 23). AB - Patients who were 50 years of age or older made up 21% of this group of 1500 patients. The survival of this age group was considerably less than that of younger patients. This difference in survival was present in both sexes, in all histological subtypes and clinical stages and in patients both with and without systemic 'B' symptoms. The overall difference in survival was only partly abolished by allowing for the reduced survival which occurs in all old people in the general population. Fewer of the older patients than the younger patients achieved complete remission. The relapse-free actuarial rate in patients who achieved complete remission appeared to be unaffected by age, being the same for the older patients as for the younger patients. However, in the event of relapse the survival of older patients was reduced. PMID- 6617082 TI - Radiology of the suprapatellar region. AB - The gross and radiological anatomy of the suprapatellar region has been reviewed and its clinical application outlined. In most patients an accurate assessment of the presence of effusion and lipohaemarthrosis of the knee joint can be made and the possibility of excluding joint disease is discussed. In the individual patient the careful application of the radiological anatomy of this region may prevent mistakes in the localisation of various pathological processes. PMID- 6617083 TI - The diagnosis and staging of neuroblastoma. AB - Forty-five cases of neuroblastoma were reviewed to assess the value of current diagnostic methods. Urinary catecholamine and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid levels were elevated in only 48% and 60% of cases, respectively. All abdominal or pelvic tumour masses were detected by intravenous urography, ultrasound or computed tomography (CT): CT was the best single investigation but the two less expensive techniques detected most of the tumours. Trephine biopsy was more successful than aspiration in detecting bone marrow metastases. Liver scintigraphy was positive in six of seven cases with hepatic secondaries. PMID- 6617084 TI - Mammographic and pathological correlations in a breast screening programme. AB - Mammography was performed as a screening procedure on 5000 self-selected women aged between 35 and 60 years. The biopsy rate, on areas regarded as suspicious of malignancy, was 2.58% with cancer being found on histology in 18.6% of biopsied cases. Aggregated microcalcification alone was the commonest indication for biopsy but was never associated with carcinoma when all the visible foci of calcification were rounded in form. However, benign disease sometimes occurred with irregular foci of calcification. Rounded mass lesions, mostly, but not entirely, well defined, provided the second commonest indication for biopsy but were benign in the vast majority of cases. Generally ill-defined masses were often malignant when associated with microcalcification and/or spiculation. Localised ductal dilatations, with or without microcalcification, were always benign in this series. Architectural distortion was uncommon but was associated with carcinoma in each of the two cases. Spiculation was a reliable, but not invariable, indicator of malignancy. The significance of these radiological and pathological correlations is discussed with regard to case management. PMID- 6617085 TI - Acute pancreatitis following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. AB - An analysis of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) examinations suggests that repeated contrast injection into the pancreatic duct during attempts to cannulate the bile duct is of major importance in the aetiology of acute pancreatitis after ERCP, even in the absence of pancreatic acinar opacification. The technique of ERCP can easily be modified to avoid repeated pancreatic duct injection and, by doing so, an increase in the incidence of acute pancreatitis has been reversed. PMID- 6617086 TI - The echography of pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction in children. AB - The echographic appearances seen in 47 children with dilatation of the pelvi calyceal system but not ureter, in whom the diagnosis of pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction was strong enough to lead to surgical correction, were classed into two categories. Those children in whom the antero-posterior diameter of the pelvi calyceal system exceeded 10 mm were classed as being 'suspicious' (of pelvi ureteric junction obstruction). When dilatation of the pelvis was accompanied by dilatation of the calyces this appearance was classed as 'definite'. There was a high false positive rate but a very low false negative rate. A simple water load stress test performed in 17 children helped to decrease the false positives from 16 to 10 but the high false positive rate in the 'definite' group stresses the need for subsequent functional studies. Ultrasound is concluded to be a worthwhile screening test to select children requiring functional studies. PMID- 6617087 TI - Unnecessary intravenous urography in young women with recurrent urinary tract infections. AB - Intravenous urography was evaluated in 201 young women with recurrent urinary tract infections. In 118 of 121 patients with uncomplicated recurrent infections the intravenous urogram (IVU) was normal. Insignificant abnormalities were found in only three cases. It is concluded that, in order to avoid unnecessary investigation, an additional risk indication should be present to warrant an IVU. The additional risk indications have been identified. PMID- 6617088 TI - The radiological appearances of hydatid disease of the liver. AB - The liver is the most frequent site of Echinococcus granulosus cysts. The radiological features of 22 cases are described. The ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) appearances are emphasised and the literature is reviewed. Cysts can be single or multiple and appear uni- or multilocular. Calcification occurs in about a quarter of cases. The cyst wall is usually thin and well-defined but may be thick and can enhance on CT. Separation of the laminated membrane from the pericyst produces a 'split wall' appearance. Complete collapse of the laminated membrane results in an ultrasound 'water lily sign'. Daughter cysts are initially solid then become cystic. A fluid level can be due to hydatid sand but layering in a poorly defined cyst indicates an infected or complicated cyst. This paper does not deal with the appearances of liver disease due to Echinococcus multilocularis. PMID- 6617089 TI - The radiological appearances of the liver after surgical removal of hydatid cyst. AB - Simple excision of a hydatid cyst from the liver leaves a residual cavity. Depending upon the surgical management of the cavity this can appear cystic, hypoechoic or echogenic on subsequent ultrasound examination. Negative attenuation values on computed tomography are typical of omentoplasty. These appearances can mimic pathological lesions in the liver. Knowledge of the site and nature of previous surgery can prevent diagnostic confusion. PMID- 6617090 TI - Radiographic abnormalities of the duodenum in cystic fibrosis. AB - Radiologically demonstrable abnormalities of the duodenum are common in cystic fibrosis and are most prevalent in the second part of the duodenum. Out of 14 upper gastrointestinal barium studies performed on patients with cystic fibrosis over a period of 10 years, radiographic abnormalities of the duodenum were found in 12, an incidence of 86%. The abnormalities consisted of thickened mucosal folds, nodular indentations and effacement of the normal mucosal pattern. A duodenal stricture that was radiologically similar to a carcinoma presented as pyloric obstruction in one patient and this resolved on medical treatment. We conclude that barium studies in patients with cystic fibrosis may uncover unsuspected abnormalities of the duodenum, that these form part of the syndrome and that invasive treatment is not indicated. PMID- 6617091 TI - The use of ioxaglate in the paediatric gastrointestinal tract: a report of 25 cases. AB - There are recognised dangers in the use of either barium sulphate suspensions or the conventional hypertonic water-soluble contrast media in the gastrointestinal tract which can be avoided by the use of water-soluble contrast media isosmolar with plasma. This paper reports the satisfactory use of ioxaglate (Hexabrix) in solutions with osmolality of 290 mosmol/kg (160 mg I/ml) and it is proposed that isosmolar water-soluble contrast media could be usefully used in all at-risk children. In one case with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis there was no delay in the passage of isosmolar ioxaglate through the hypertrophied pylorus. PMID- 6617092 TI - Familial vanishing limbs: four generations of idiopathic multicentric osteolysis. AB - A family is described which has exhibited in four generations a bizarre form of arthritis mutilans and osteolysis, the features of which seem to fit most closely with a diagnosis of hereditary multicentric osteolysis, a subgroup of idiopathic multicentric osteolysis. The differential diagnosis of arthritis mutilans associated with osteolysis is discussed; this includes a wide variety of disorders ranging from rheumatoid arthritis to rare conditions such as the Winchester syndrome. PMID- 6617093 TI - Indium-111 tropolonate leucocyte scanning in the detection of intra-abdominal abscesses. AB - Indium-111 leucocyte scanning is established as an accurate method for localising intra-abdominal abscesses. With the currently available cell labelling techniques there is a variable and significant delay in localisation of abscesses which is a major disadvantage in comparison with ultrasound or computed tomography. We have examined the speed and accuracy of localisation of leucocytes labelled in plasma with a new chelating agent, indium-111 tropolonate, in 90 patients with suspected intra-abdominal abscess. In 50 patients a comparison with ultrasound was made. Nineteen patients had abscesses. The sensitivity and specificity of labelled leucocytes were 95% and 99%, respectively. Comparative results for ultrasound were 60% and 83%. In nine out of 10 patients with abscesses scanned sequentially from 40 min after return of the labelled cells, activity corresponding to the abscess was already visible on the 40 min scan. These results demonstrate that indium-111 plasma labelled leucocyte scanning is both rapid and an accurate method of detecting abscesses. PMID- 6617094 TI - Hypoxia-induced cardiovascular changes and plasma electrolytes before and after beta-adrenoceptor blockade. AB - The forearm blood flow responses to hypoxia obtained from ten subjects (ages 26 37 years) before and after propranolol showed no relation with either plasma osmolality or plasma concentrations of K+, Na+, Ca2+, Pi and Cl-. The average oral dose of 3.3 mg of propranolol/kg body weight decreased the overall mean flow response to hypoxia by 42.2% (P less than 0.025). This reflects some beta adrenoceptor involvement. The residual vasodilatation observed after beta blockade by propranolol could be attributed to activation of cholinergic vasodilator fibres by hypoxic stress. The mean heart rate during acute hypoxia before and after propranolol administration was 95 and 89 beats/min respectively. The residual tachycardia could be due to reduction of vagal tone during the hypoxic stress. The response of arterial blood pressure to the hypoxic stress before and after propranolol administration, on the other hand, was found to be negligible in most subjects. This lack of response during emotional stress is in agreement with previous findings. In the present circumstances the possible increase in baroreceptor activity is probably masked by the general peripheral vasodilatation. PMID- 6617095 TI - The influence of neonatal treatment with guanethidine on the development of isolation-induced hypertension in adult rats. AB - Rats housed individually in glass metabolism cages develop hypertension. Since previous experiments have provided some evidence for the involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in the maintenance of the hypertension, the present work was designed to explore the possible involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in the genesis of isolation-induced hypertension. Male and female Wistar rats were treated neonatally with guanethidine, with a protocol designed to produce an extensive peripheral sympathectomy; control rats received saline. The effects of isolation on systolic blood pressure and fluid and electrolyte balances were studied when the rats were mature. Guanethidine-treated rats did not develop hypertension in response to isolation whereas control rats did. There were no significant differences between the fluid and electrolyte balances of the guanethidine-treated rats compared with controls throughout the period of isolation. It is concluded that a fully functional sympathetic nervous system is required for the development of isolation-induced hypertension, but its involvement is not through a modulation of renal function. PMID- 6617096 TI - Is dopamine a physiological natriuretic hormone in the dog? AB - Both plasma and urinary dopamine and noradrenaline were measured as free and sulphate conjugates, by a radioenzymatic method, before and during extracellular volume expansion (ECVE) with hypo-, iso- or hyper-tonic fluid (usually sodium chloride solution) in dogs. During ECVE there was a decrease in plasma catecholamine concentration. For all cases except noradrenaline, this is probably due to a dilution phenomenon since when results were expressed as pg/mg of protein, ECVE had no effect. This change in noradrenaline accounted for the increase in the dopamine/noradrenaline ratio. As expected, there was an increase in the urinary excretion of dopamine during ECVE with both iso- and hyper-tonic fluid. This increase was not observed in the group of dogs given hypotonic fluid, although the increase of fractional excretion of sodium was of a similar order of magnitude. The increase in the urinary excretion of dopamine was apparently not affected by an increase in plasma sodium concentration and/or osmolality. The demonstrated dissociation between sodium and dopamine in urine does not support a physiological role for dopamine in renal handling of sodium during ECVE, and raises the question of its specificity. PMID- 6617097 TI - Altered behaviour of erythrocytes in scleroderma. AB - Filterability (deformability) of erythrocytes of patients with Raynaud's phenomenon together with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) was decreased compared with the filtration of erythrocytes from normal subjects. PSS erythrocytes showed lower electrophoretic velocity and about 23% less neuraminidase-removable sialic acid density on their surface than the normal erythrocytes. PSS erythrocytes showed more adherence to cultured endothelial cells than the control normal erythrocytes. It is concluded that the increased rigidity and adherence of PSS erythrocytes may have pathological significance in the mechanism of vascular abnormalities in PSS. PMID- 6617098 TI - The rising ventilatory cost of bicycle exercise in the seventh decade: a longitudinal study of nine healthy men. AB - Submaximal bicycle exercise tests have been performed in nine healthy men on seven annual occasions between the ages of 64 and 70 years. Ten younger men (average age 33 years) have also been studied once for comparison. The ventilatory cost of submaximal work at VO2 = 1 litre/min rises significantly from 24.3 +/- 0.8 litres/min at age 64 years to 31.8 +/- 1.8 litres/min at age 70 years; the latter value differs significantly from that of the young men (25.6 +/ 0.9 litres/min). Similar changes are seen in the ventilation at 75 W and at VCO2 = 1 litre/min. The rate of change, between 3% and 5% per year, is considerably greater than that found for the change with age in cross-sectional studies of younger men. There is also a rise in the respiratory quotient, consistent with the hyperventilation found. The cardiac frequency at 1 litre/min also rose with age in the older men, and rough estimates of the decline in their aerobic capacity suggest that progressive anaerobiosis could account for at least some of this increase in ventilation seen during submaximal work. PMID- 6617099 TI - Urinary coproporphyrin in lead intoxication: a study in the rabbit. AB - Lead acetate was administered to adult New Zealand White rabbits in their drinking water. Their mean blood lead level rose to 4.5 mumol/l within a week and then remained relatively constant. The rabbits developed a marked coproporphyrinuria. Plasma levels of coproporphyrin increased but not in proportion to the urine excretion. Thus the renal clearance of coproporphyrin rose from a mean of 1.8 ml/min to 32.2 ml/min whilst creatinine clearance remained constant. The concentration of coproporphyrin in renal venous blood from control rabbits was found to be slightly lower than that in arterial blood. In the lead intoxicated rabbits the concentration of coproporphyrin in renal venous blood was approximately three times higher than the arterial concentration. Significantly higher levels of lead, porphobilinogen, uroporphyrin, coproporphyrin and protoporphyrin were found in renal tissue than in brain, heart or liver. Renal tissue homogenates from control rabbits were able to synthesize porphobilinogen, uroporphyrin, coproporphyrin and protoporphyrin when incubated with 5-aminolaevulinic acid. Renal tissue from lead intoxicated rabbits was also able to synthesize these haem precursors although at a reduced rate. Three enzymes from the haem biosynthetic pathway were assayed in renal mitochondria. Compared with those from controls, mitochondria from lead intoxicated rabbits showed no significant difference in ferrochelatase activities, but the activities of coproporphyrinogen oxidase were decreased, and those of 5-aminolaevulinate synthase were increased. It was concluded that a large portion of the excess coproporphyrin excreted by the lead intoxicated rabbits was of renal origin. PMID- 6617100 TI - Effect of hypoxia and hypercapnic acidosis on renal autoregulation in the dog: role of renal nerves. AB - Previous studies suggest that hypoxia and hypercapnic acidosis exert a renal nerve mediated adverse effect on renal haemodynamic function. We therefore examined the effect of hypoxia and hypercapnic acidosis on renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate responses to lowering renal perfusion pressure from 125 to 75 mmHg in the anaesthetized dog. To study the role of renal nerves in these responses, paired innervated and denervated kidneys were studied in each animal. Hypoxia (PO2 43 +/- 3 mmHg) affected neither renal blood flow nor glomerular filtration rate responses to decreasing renal perfusion pressure. Hypercapnic acidosis (PCO2 71 +/- 2 mmHg; pH 7.03 +/- 0.01) significantly decreased both renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate as renal perfusion pressure was lowered. This effect of hypercapnic acidosis could be abolished by renal denervation. These findings suggest that hypercapnic acidosis results in renal nerve stimulation, which prevents the usual decrease in renal afferent arteriolar tone that occurs in response to lowering of renal perfusion pressure. PMID- 6617102 TI - New, CMS-sponsored "no-limit" approach to practice overhead expense insurance. PMID- 6617101 TI - Proteins of the kidney microvillar membrane; analysis by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and crossed immunoelectrophoresis. AB - A microvillar fraction was prepared from human kidney cortex. This fraction was seven to 10 times enriched in aminopeptidases N and A, gamma-glutamyltransferase, dipeptidyl peptidase IV, neutral endopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity of human renal microvilli could be inhibited by di-isopropylphosphorofluoridate and neutral endopeptidase activity by phosphoramidon. Nearly all the activity of aminopeptidases A and N could be removed from the membrane by treatment with papain, but only 19% and 33% of dipeptidyl peptidase IV and gamma-glutamyltransferase activities were released under the same conditions. Neutral endopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase were not solubilized by papain. Treatment with elastase gave results similar to papain, except that gamma-glutamyltransferase was not released. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions of microvilli revealed 36 polypeptide bands, 12 of which contained carbohydrate. A band of apparent Mr 130 000 was labelled with [3H]di-isopropylphosphorofluoridate and hence identified as dipeptidyl peptidase IV. Antibodies raised to human kidney microvilli produced 11 precipitates with detergent solubilized proteins and six with papain released proteins. Several of the precipitates were identified histochemically. Microvilli prepared from human kidney are very similar to microvilli from pig and rabbit kidney with respect to enzymology, response to papain treatment, sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel patterns and immunochemistry. PMID- 6617103 TI - Plastic education: looking for Mr. Goodbank. PMID- 6617104 TI - Cost containment report. PMID- 6617105 TI - Practice management tips: the overhead expense policy. PMID- 6617106 TI - An introduction to computers for the medical office. PMID- 6617107 TI - [Transplacental passage of antibiotics]. PMID- 6617108 TI - [Behavior of obese subjects with unsuccessful results of reducing therapy. Socio economic consequences]. PMID- 6617109 TI - [Interactions between diuretic therapy and non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs]. PMID- 6617110 TI - [Multi-centric study for the evaluation of the antihypertensive efficacy of hydrochlorothiazide and spironolactone association: comparison between 2 dosages schemes]. PMID- 6617111 TI - [Effects of nicotinic alcohol therapy on serum lipoproteins in patients with hyperbetalipoproteinemia]. PMID- 6617112 TI - [The digestive tract in progressive systemic sclerosis: diagnostic aspects and therapeutic problems]. PMID- 6617113 TI - [Hepatic cirrhosis in the aged: morphologic, biohumeral and clinical aspects in 80 cases, therapeutic prospectives]. PMID- 6617114 TI - [Vaccination]. PMID- 6617115 TI - Symposium on forensic pathology. PMID- 6617116 TI - Wounds caused by centerfire rifles. PMID- 6617117 TI - Pathology of injuries caused by high-velocity missiles. PMID- 6617118 TI - Death caused by fire. PMID- 6617119 TI - Death or injury caused by explosion. AB - Explosions may have varied energy sources, reasons for occurring, and ways of injuring or killing. Careful analysis of the explosion scene, coupled with an equally careful examination of surgical or autopsy material as the result of an explosion, contributes greatly to the investigation. Surgical or autopsy material suspected of having been injured by explosion should be carefully photographed and x-rayed, swabbed with chloroform-soaked swabs, then swabs soaked in 0.1N hydrochloric acid, cleaned meticulously while collecting only surface fragments, photographed and x-rayed again, and then searched extensively for fragments. PMID- 6617120 TI - Child abuse. PMID- 6617121 TI - Death or injury caused by electrocution. AB - Proper investigation of injury and death from electrocution requires a high level of suspicion, as examination of the victim will often prove negative. Careful photographic documentation of the scene must be done in every case. In low voltage cases, the equipment that may have been involved should be photographed, x-rayed, and examined electrically. Autopsy examination of the victim in cases of electrocution due to high voltage alternating or direct current usually reveals burns and the nonspecific findings of asphyxia. Victims of low voltage alternating current often have no electrical burns and the absence of findings characteristic of ventricular fibrillation. Low voltage direct current rarely produces death. PMID- 6617123 TI - Interpretive toxicology. PMID- 6617122 TI - Trace evidence and the pathologist. PMID- 6617124 TI - Forensic aspects of ethyl alcohol. PMID- 6617125 TI - Pathologist's role in product-related deaths. PMID- 6617126 TI - Management of recurrent renal calculi. PMID- 6617127 TI - Causes and treatment of bladder incontinence. PMID- 6617128 TI - Conspectus. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome. PMID- 6617129 TI - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). PMID- 6617130 TI - Acute urinary retention. PMID- 6617131 TI - Aggregation of a type I collagen precursor containing N-terminal propeptides. AB - Aggregation properties of type I pNcollagen from dermatosparactic sheep skin were studied by electron microscopy and turbidity measurements. pNcollagen was less soluble than collagen at low temperatures. Upon heating to 37 degrees C, it polymerized into thin, flat fibrils showing the same periodicity as collagen but with a less distinct gap-overlap pattern. The apparent critical concentration was 0.01-0.03 mg/ml at temperatures between 32-37 degrees C and was higher than that for collagen under similar conditions. The total turbidity change with heat polymerization of the pNcollagen was less than with heat polymerization of collagen under the same conditions. Also, the total change in turbidity showed a different temperature dependence and the kinetics of the reaction were slower than with collagen. However, the effects of protein concentration, ionic strength and pH on the rate of polymerization of pNcollagen were similar to those observed with collagen. The kinetics of polymerization of pNcollagen were explained by a model based on nucleation and growth processes which permits end-to-end association of fibrils, but only limited lateral association because of the presence of the N-terminal propeptides. PMID- 6617132 TI - Optimal conditions for long term storage of native collagens. AB - Cryopreservation was used to maintain the biological activity of collagen, i.e., its fibril formation property, after isolation from tissues. Freezer temperatures commonly available in laboratories, -15 degrees C and -90 degrees C, and liquid nitrogen temperature, -196 degrees C, were compared for efficacy in preserving both type I collagen structure (amino acid and subunit composition, triple helix) and activity (fibril formation in vitro). Whether the collagen was stored dry or in acetic acid solution at -196 degrees C, the kinetics of fibril formation were completely stable for at least two and a half years, but decreased after several months storage at -15 degrees C or -90 degrees C. Types II and III collagens, also with intact nonhelical ends, are also completely stable in liquid nitrogen for at least two and a half years. PMID- 6617134 TI - Reference frames and shape perception. PMID- 6617133 TI - A possible mechanism for the regulation of collagen fibril diameter in vivo. AB - A model is described that provides a molecular mechanism for the regulation of collagen fibril diameters in vivo by the N-propeptide. The model accounts for the observed 80 A increment in fibril diameters, without the requirement for microfibrillar subunits. PMID- 6617135 TI - Conscious and unconscious perception: experiments on visual masking and word recognition. PMID- 6617136 TI - Conscious and unconscious perception: an approach to the relations between phenomenal experience and perceptual processes. PMID- 6617137 TI - Where does the money go--and to what effect? PMID- 6617138 TI - Health services research--contracting, conducting and communicating. PMID- 6617139 TI - Regional variations in alcohol related problems within the United Kingdom. PMID- 6617140 TI - The symptom presentation of breast cancer: is pain a symptom? PMID- 6617141 TI - Deaths occurring outside the district of residence. PMID- 6617142 TI - External contacts of residents in hospitals and hostels for mentally handicapped adults. PMID- 6617143 TI - Monitoring accidents and seat belt legislation: HAA data and the use of E codes in England and Wales. PMID- 6617144 TI - Maintenance of the crab louse, Pthirus pubis, in the laboratory and behavioural studies using volunteers. PMID- 6617145 TI - The appraisal of hospital geriatric services. PMID- 6617147 TI - Planning for Armageddon. PMID- 6617146 TI - Standard national perinatal data: a suggested common core of tabulations. PMID- 6617148 TI - Communicable Disease Report. January to March 1983. PMID- 6617149 TI - Development and expression of autogrooming in the Mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus. AB - Adult gerbils, Meriones unguiculatus, autogroom their body parts in the order: mouth--nose, face, ears, flank, ventrum, and tail. This is the identical order in which the autogroom matures during the first 33 days of life. The parallel sequencing increases our understanding of neurophysiological processes underlying movement patterns and also indicates how movement patterns evolve. PMID- 6617150 TI - Constitutional biases in early perceptual learning: I. Preferences between colors, patterns, and composite stimuli of colors and patterns in genetically manipulated and imprinted quail chicks (C. coturnix japonica). AB - Bidirectional genetic selection of quail for early color preferences, for eighteen generations, resulted in nearly perfect choices of blue over red in one and red over blue in the other selected line. It also enhanced the preference of a grated over a dotted black-and-white pattern. Color and pattern preferences in hybrids of selected and control lines fell back to about halfway between parental values. Choices between composite stimuli of colors and patterns indicated summation of the respective, genetically influenced preference values, with partial dominance of color over pattern effects. Exposure to colors modified color choices. Exposure to colored patterns likewise modified color choices, but it did not change, or only marginally changed, choices between patterns. The phenotypic expression of this selective learning, however, was influenced by the genetically manipulated preference values and preference combinations of colors and patterns in the stimuli with which postexposure performances were tested. Overall, the data highlighted the need for concepts that would discriminate between the developmental and the episodic expression of genetic influences and genotype--environment interactions in behavior. PMID- 6617151 TI - Constitutional biases in early perceptual learning II. Visual preferences in artificially selected, visually naive and imprinted quail chicks (C. coturnix japonica). AB - Approach choices were tested in genetically and environmentally manipulated quail chicks with pairs of stimuli identical in size and luminance but different in color, flicker, or both color and flicker. Data indicated comparable flicker and vastly different color preferences in subjects that were bidirectionally selected for color choices. In the choices between composite stimuli, flicker effects dominated over color effects in genetic controls, and color effects over flicker effects in selected subjects. Imprinting to colors modified color preferences, but imprinting to white or colored flicker did not change, or only marginally changed, flicker preferences. Flicker in testing stimuli, however, influenced the phenotypic expression of acquired color preferences. The data are examined for implications about the nature of constitutional biases and constitution- environment interactions in early perception and perceptual learning. PMID- 6617152 TI - Genetic influences on digging behaviors in mice (Mus musculus) in laboratory and seminatural settings. AB - Digging behaviors of several inbred strains of laboratory mice and some of their crosses were examined in three contexts. In laboratory burrow boxes, C57BL/6Abg mice constructed more sophisticated burrow systems than did BALB/cAbg mice. Their F1 hybrids built burrow systems more complex than either parental strain. The same pattern of genetic influence was observed in an outdoor pen. In an escape task that required digging, BALB/c mice escaped more quickly than did C57BL/6 mice; their F1 hybrids showed dominance toward the BALB/c phenotype. These results indicate that behavioral polymorphisms in digging behavior, which may relate to habitat selection, have a genetic basis. The dominance and overdominance toward the better digging parental strain in each type of task suggest the possible evolutionary importance of these digging behaviors. PMID- 6617153 TI - The ontogeny of a natural food aversion in domestic rats (Rattus norvegicus) and house mice (Mus musculus). AB - During a 1-hr feeding test, hungry domestic rats (Rattus norvegicus) that had been reared individually from weaning with a domestic house mouse (Mus musculus) were less likely (p less than .05) to feed on the intact carcass of a freshly sacrificed mouse than were rats that had been reared individually with another rat. Likewise, hungry mice that had been reared individually with a rat were less likely (p less than .01) to feed on a dead rat than were mice that had been reared individually with another mouse. Regardless of the social conditions during rearing, hungry mice were more likely to feed on a dead mouse than were hungry rats to feed on a dead rat. Taken together, the present and other findings suggest that the tendency by rats to reject conspecific flesh stems, at least in part, from prior experience with conspecifics and with their own bodies. The experiential factors mediating the tendency by mice to reject conspecific flesh remain unclear. PMID- 6617154 TI - Glycogenolysis in the fasting dog. AB - Glycogen concentrations were determined in liver-biopsy specimens which were taken from four dogs during five consecutive days of fasting. It was found that maximal depletion of liver glycogen occurred between the second and the third day. Starvation-induced glycogenolysis was much slower in the dog than in men and rats. Fuel fluxes are discussed and it is tentatively concluded that in the fasting dog larger amounts of glycerol are available for gluconeogenesis than in other species. PMID- 6617155 TI - Ketogenesis in mitochondria isolated from liver biopsies of normal and starved dogs: comparison with rat-liver mitochondria. AB - Fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis were studied in isolated dog-liver mitochondria in order to investigate whether the absence of hyperketonemia in fasting dogs results from a low capacity of hepatic ketogenesis. Isolated rat liver mitochondria were used as reference. The results indicate that: (a) Dog liver mitochondria oxidize long-chain fatty acids and produce ketone bodies at about equal rates as rat-liver mitochondria. No differences were detected in the regulation of ketogenesis. (b) Rates of oxidation of medium-chain fatty acids are significantly lower in dog-liver mitochondria than in rat-liver mitochondria. (c) Fasting does not influence the capacity of liver mitochondria for fatty acid oxidation but their ketogenic capacity is slightly enhanced in both species. The regulation of the energy metabolism in the fasting dog is discussed and compared with that in other mammalian species. PMID- 6617156 TI - Influence of temperature, environmental salinity and fasting on the patterns of fatty acids synthesized by gills and liver of the european eel (Anguilla anguilla). AB - A rise in temperature on the average from 8 to 28 degrees C resulted in an enhanced relative incorporation of [1-14C]acetate into saturated fatty acids in liver tissue. The same effect was seen in gill tissue, but only after incubation in vitro and when the precursor was injected into the eel. When [1-14C]acetate was added to the water in the incubation tank such a "homeoviscous adaption" was not observed in gill tissue. A rise in temperature resulted in less relative incorporation of radioactivity into saturated gill fatty acids. We attribute this difference to a specific labelling of salt transport cells in the gills, due to the labelled precursor itself taking part in biological ion transport when it is added to the water. It would appear that palmitoleic acid plays a special role in the function of the salt transport cell. When [1-14C]acetate was added to the water in the incubation tank there was a significantly enhanced percentage incorporation into saturated gill fatty acids in fresh water relative to sea water. Fasting led to less relative incorporation of [1-14C]acetate into saturated liver fatty acids in vitro. PMID- 6617157 TI - Characterization of microtubules isolated from dogfish (Squalus acanthias and Scyliorhinus canicula) brain in the absence of glycerol. AB - Microtubules were isolated by two cycles of assembly-disassembly from dogfish brain in the absence of glycerol. The microtubule protein preparation consist mainly of tubulin as characterized by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, but tau and high molecular weight microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) were also identified, in addition to several other MAPs. The microtubules were cold sensitive and had an assembly temperature optimum at 21-25 degrees C. Ca2+, at a concentration of 1 mM or higher, induced spirals of several protofilaments, sheets and "macrotubules". In the presence of colchicine (0.1-1.0 mM) spirals as well as microtubules were seen. These structures were often found to be clustered. PMID- 6617158 TI - Goldfish muscle energy metabolism during electrical stimulation. AB - Concentrations of key metabolites were determined in goldfish red muscle, while muscle and blood before and after direct electrical stimulation of the myotome (60 pulses/min, amplitude 500 mV, 10 msec pulse duration, during 10 min at 20 degrees C). In white muscle, levels of ATP, aspartate and adenylate energy charge are significantly lowered while those of AMP, IMP, NH3, alpha-ketoglutarate, lactate and malate are increased. In red muscle, the only change induced by stimulation is a 160% increase of the lactate level. In white muscle, IMP accumulation and ammonia production are equal, suggesting the AMP-deaminase reaction to be the major source of muscular ammonia. Activation of white muscle adenylosuccinate synthetase and adenylosuccinase is suggested by the conversion of aspartate into malate during increased energy demand. There is no evidence of ammonia incorporation into alanine, glutamate or glutamine. PMID- 6617160 TI - Occurrence of cis-9,10-methylenehexadecanoic and cis-9, 10-methyleneoctadecanoic acids in the lipids of immature and mature Fundulus heteroclitus (L.), and in roe. AB - Analysis of saturated fatty acids in the mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus (L.) by argentation chromatography and open-tubular gas-liquid chromatography detected cyclopropanoid fatty acids as well as all of the anticipated saturated fatty acids, including a variety of branched-chain saturated fatty acids previously found in fish. Cyclopropanoid fatty acids were identified in juveniles, male and female bodies, and roe. When the levels of these acids in eviscerated male and female bodies were compared with roe, roe had the highest concentration, followed by female and then male fish. Whole immature mummichog had almost twice the proportion of cyclopropanoid fatty acids found in whole mature male fish. The cyclic acids probably originate indirectly in the diet of the mummichog. This consists mainly of invertebrates probably consuming bacteria associated with plant detritus. The Atlantic silversides Menidia menidia collected from the same habitat had lower proportions of odd-chain methyl-branched fatty acids, and lower proportions of cyclopropanoid fatty acids, indicating differences in sources of dietary fatty acids. PMID- 6617159 TI - Comparison of in vivo fatty acid synthesis of the genetically lean and fat chickens. AB - In vivo lipogenesis was studied in genetically lean or fat male chickens using tritiated water. Fatty acid synthesis was more pronounced in liver than in other tissues in both lines. Liver synthesis was 26% higher in fat birds than in lean. The liver of fat chickens were heavier than those of lean chickens. This difference was partly due to the triglyceride content of the fat line liver. PMID- 6617161 TI - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase activity in kangaroo and mouse oocytes. AB - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase activity in oocytes and follicle cells of the Australian marsupial, Macropus eugenii (the tammar), and the mouse were determined by a simplified microelectrophoresis method. Mouse oocytes have approx 285 times more G6PD activity per picolitre of cytoplasm than tammar oocytes and about 10 times more LDH. The ratio of LDH to G6PD in mouse follicle cells is close to 3 whereas in the tammar it approaches unity. The very low levels of activity of G6PD in tammar oocytes may be due to transcriptional, translational or metabolic differences compared with the mouse. PMID- 6617162 TI - Distribution of superoxide dismutase in the ground squirrel (Citellus citellus): effect of the hibernation and arousal. AB - The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was studied in the liver, kidney, interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT), lung, heart and spleen of the active and hibernating ground squirrel (Citellus citellus). One group was examined immediately after the arousal from the hibernation. A considerable activity of this enzyme was found in homogenates of all tissues studied except the lung. This activity was lower in the liver and lung of the ground squirrel than in the rat (P less than 0.01). In the other tissues studied the enzyme activity was about the same level in both animals. In the ground squirrel hibernation didn't produce the significant change in SOD activity, as compared with the active state, except in the spleen. Tested immediately after the arousal, SOD activity was significantly higher in all tissues studied except in the IBAT, as compared with the hibernating ones (P less than 0.01). PMID- 6617163 TI - Accumulation of alpha-ketoisocaproate from leucine in homogenates of tissues from rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii) and rat. An improved method for determination of branched chain keto acids. AB - The dinitrophenyl hydrazone method for determination of branched chain keto acids has been improved by the inclusion of a chromatographic purification step. The dinitrophenyl hydrazone of the keto acid was purified by high pressure liquid chromatography on a reversed phase column, with methanol/acetate buffer as the eluting solvent. Kidney and dark muscle of rainbow trout had very high levels of leucine-alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase, while the level was low in liver and white muscle. PMID- 6617164 TI - Influence of nutrition on biochemical sea water adaptation of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri richardson). AB - Glutamate dehydrogenase activity in the liver of the rainbow trout increases when the animals are starved for four weeks. Glutamate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity in the kidney of rainbow trout kept in sea water (20% S) is significantly higher than in the kidney of rainbow trout kept in fresh water. Gill Na/K-ATPase activity in the rainbow trout is reduced significantly (44%) by starvation for four weeks. Most of the free amino acids investigated in the white muscle of the rainbow trout were present in significantly higher concentrations in animals fed in sea water than in animals fed in fresh water. The concentrations of these amino acids are even higher in the muscle of starved animals held in sea water than in fed animals held in sea water. PMID- 6617165 TI - Electronic model as an aid in teaching fetal heart rate monitoring. AB - A model of the uterus-placenta-fetus system was designed using an electronic device which proportions at its outputs the representative signals of the fetal heart rate (FHR) and uterine contractions (UC). The uterus subsystem provides a voltage variable in time similar to the pressure of the UC. The placenta subsystem is controlled by the difference between the UC and the maternal arterial pressure as well as by the time in which the blood flow to the fetus is reduced. The fetus subsystem provides a voltage representative of the FHR. PMID- 6617166 TI - Reliability of computerized versus manual death searches in a study of the health of Eldorado uranium workers. AB - An epidemiological follow-up study of 16,000 uranium mine and refinery employees has made use of computerized techniques for searching a national death file. The accuracy of this computerized matching has been compared with that of corresponding manual searches based on one-eighth of the worker file. The national death file--Canadian Mortality Data Base--at Statistics Canada includes coded causes of death for all deaths back to 1950. The machine search was carried out using a generalized record linkage system based upon a probabilistic approach. The machine was more successful than the manual searchers and was also less likely to yield false linkages with death records not related to the study population. In both approaches accuracy was strongly dependent on the amount of personal identifying information available on the records being linked. PMID- 6617167 TI - Identification of human oculomotor system for quantitative diagnostics of eye muscle diseases. AB - Various discrete parameter estimation methods are explained and applied to the eye muscle model of Collins. Their effectiveness and accuracy are studied. Comparing saccadic eye movements to the motions of a fixation target data for parameter estimation are provided. As a first application, saccades of a subject with a Duane-Syndrome are evaluated. PMID- 6617168 TI - Bromsulphalein plasma kinetics after obstruction of the common bile duct in rats: curve fitting with a programmable calculator. AB - Plasma kinetics of bromsulphalein (BSP) after a single injection into the bloodstream of the rat with total obstruction of the common bile duct was examined. The concentrations of BSP were determined colorimetrically. A monoexponential plus a general first-degree function in time with four unknown parameters was fitted. Two programs were developed for the Texas Instruments 59 programmable calculator to estimate the values of all the parameters by an iteration procedure. The programs executed at about twice normal speed. PMID- 6617169 TI - A graphic computerized system for reporting and analysis of coronary angiograms. AB - A graphic computer based system for coronary angiographic reporting and data storage has been developed. It uses a multisegmental model of the coronary tree so that precise localization of coronary lesions can be made in relation to major branches. The percentage narrowing of the vessel, the length of the lesion, and diameter of the distal coronary vessel can be measured. Collateral vessels, coronary artery bypass grafts, and coronary artery spasm are recorded. The system is simple to use and useful for routine clinical reporting and for detailed analysis of coronary lesions. PMID- 6617171 TI - A mathematical model for estimation of infarct size from serum creatine phosphokinase. AB - A mathematical model for kinetics of creatine phosphokinase (CK) after myocardial infarct is presented. The transport of CK from the infarct to the distribution space is modeled by a gamma variate. CK is released from the distribution space by a first-order process. The model permits simultaneous estimation of the disappearance rate parameter KD, the integrated appearance function, and the baseline from a set of observations of serum CK concentration. PMID- 6617170 TI - Image analysis of nucleated red blood cells. AB - Bone marrow smears stained with Giemsa were scanned with a video camera under computer control. Forty-two cells representing the six differentiation classes of the red bone marrow were sampled. Each cell was digitized into 70 X 70 pixels, each pixel representing a square area of 0.4 micron2 in the original image. The pixel gray values ranged between 0 and 255. Zero stood for white, 255 represented black, while the numbers in between stood for the various shades of gray. After separation and smoothing the images were processed with a Sobel operator outlining the points of steepest gray level change in the cell. These points constitute a closed curve denominated as inner cell boundary, separating the cell into an inner and an outer region. Two types of features were extracted from each cell: form features, e.g., area and length, and gray level features. Twenty-two features were tested for their discriminative merit. After selecting 16, the discriminant analysis program classified correctly all 42 cells into the 6 classes. PMID- 6617172 TI - Revising ranked probabilities: a Bayesian approach to incomplete knowledge. AB - Incomplete knowledge refers to situations in which a decision maker can rank the probabilities of occurrence for events of interest, but cannot specify these probabilities exactly. In this paper a Monte Carlo approach is used to investigate how physicians can arrive at revised or posterior rankings of disease probability given only rank order information about both the patient's prior probabilities of disease and the conditional probabilities of specific clinical findings for each disease. Computer-generated estimates of the expected frequencies of the posterior rankings are presented for the cases of 2, 3, and 4 disease states. The application of probability revision under conditions of incomplete knowledge to therapeutic decision making is discussed. PMID- 6617173 TI - The severity index score as a method for data reduction in the surgical ICU. PMID- 6617174 TI - User requirements on CT-based computed dose planning systems in radiation therapy. Presentation of 'check lists'. AB - The expanding use of computers in radiation therapy procedures, especially the rapidly increasing use of digital CT-information, necessitates the coordination of the different systems in order to facilitate their developments. In order to define necessary demands for tomorrow a Nordic cooperation was initiated 1981 by NORDFORSK (Nordic co-operative organization for applied research), and a group of physicians and physicists having their daily work in this field of medicine and physics was invited to produce a report on 'User requirements on CT-based computed dose planning systems on radiation therapy'. The work has been done within the frame of NORDFORSK's activities and has been independent of the existing commissions and associations in the radiology field, but it has taken into consideration recommendations that have been given by or are being produced by other organizations. This report is a short summary of the complete paper which will be published in Acta Radiologica. The aim of this short version is to get an early presentation of the 'requirement lists' (see Appendix) which we think are of immediate importance. PMID- 6617175 TI - Anomaly of the inferior vena cava observed by CT. AB - Computed tomography (CT) is a good modality for diagnosing diseases of the retroperitoneal space and capable of showing the abnormality of inferior vena cava (IVC) without using invasive technique. To determine the incidence of the anomaly of IVC, the computed tomograms were investigated retrospectively. The incidence were 0.69% in left side IVC, 1.03% in double IVC and 0.08% in azygos continuation. PMID- 6617176 TI - CT evaluation of intervertebral foramina lesions with normal or non-diagnostic myelograms. Report of ten cases. AB - Ten patients with radicular leg pain are reported in whom good quality myelograms were either normal or non-diagnostic of a disc or tumor. Subsequent CT examination demonstrated herniated discs (eight patients) or tumors (two patients) in the intervertebral foramen, all located too far laterally to be seen with myelography. PMID- 6617177 TI - High resolution computed tomography in the diagnosis of laterally herniated lumbar discs. AB - Fourteen patients presenting with lumbar radiculopathy had normal or nondiagnostic plain radiographs, myelograms and polytomes of lumbar spine. The high resolution computed axial tomography (HR CAT) demonstrated laterally herniated discs in all cases. The CAT findings correlated well with the clinical presentations and were proven at surgery to be the cause of lumbar nerve entrapment. The preoperative accurate localization of the lesion resulted in complete postoperative relief of lumbar radiculopathy and back pain in 12 cases with two cases, though relieved of the radiculopathy, had residual mild nondisabling low back pain. In cases presenting with sciatica and having nondiagnostic myelograms and other conventional radiological studies, HR CAT of spine is the only reliable radiological test that can be used to rule out laterally herniated lumbar discs. PMID- 6617178 TI - Pelvic extension of benign intradural tumor--demonstration by computerized tomography. PMID- 6617179 TI - Hiatus hernia causing CT gastric mass lesions. AB - Two cases of hiatus hernia causing a soft tissue mass involving the gastric fundus on CT scans are presented. These masses could be mistaken for pathologic processes if hiatus hernia is not included in the differential diagnosis. Methods for resolving such diagnostic problems are discussed. PMID- 6617181 TI - Computed tomography on invasive thymoma. AB - We report a case of invasive thymoma invading and occluding the superior vena cava in which the diagnosis was only made by the computed tomography (CT) study. Correlation of CT and autopsy findings of invasive thymoma were made in order to emphasize the usefulness of CT study in the evaluation of thymoma and its relationship with vascular structures. PMID- 6617180 TI - Appearance of renal infarction on computed tomography. AB - We have recently seen three cases of renal infarction secondary to occlusion of renal arteries. Two of these cases had similar clinical presentations and were not diagnosed until computed tomographic (CT) scans were performed (1). The third case was a serendipitous finding. The abnormal findings on CT led to angiography, which confirmed the CT findings in all cases. The CT appearance in those cases was diagnostic, whereas the changes on urography were minimal, if any. We believe that angiography and surgery may be obviated when cases exhibit these characteristic findings on CT. PMID- 6617183 TI - Dependence of substance CT number on scanning technique and position within scanner. AB - A body tissue will vary in its CT value from one study to another not only because of changes in its physiology, but also because of technical factors related to the scanning procedure itself. Changing the mAs of a scan and/or position of a substance within the CT scanner was shown by the use of a phantom study to give a small relative but readily measurable change in the CT value of the substance. Thus, small relative changes in CT numbers should be regarded with caution when comparing one substance or area with another or one study with another. PMID- 6617182 TI - Computed tomographic demonstration of colonic carcinoma metastatic to the spleen. AB - Metastasis to the spleen is a very uncommon medical entity. The author reports on unusual case of splenic metastasis originating from carcinoma of the colon demonstrated by computed tomography of the abdomen. The metastases appear as low density space occupying lesions which is a characteristic appearance seen in other metastases to the spleen. PMID- 6617184 TI - Contact allergy to petrolatums. (II). Attempts to identify the nature of the allergens. AB - Using several chromatographic and spectrometric procedures, it was established that the allergens present in pharmaceutical and cosmetic petrolatums are probably polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. These substances are impurities, and the quantity present is largely a function of the source of the petrolatum and the purification procedures. As the aromatic portion in petrolatum is a very complex and unstable mixture of chemically-related agents, only 2 out of the several possible allergens present could be identified: they were most probably phenanthrene derivatives with molecular weights of 230 and 244. PMID- 6617185 TI - Furocoumarins of Heracleum laciniatum: isolation, phototoxicity, absorption and action spectra studies. AB - Isolation of the furocoumarins (psoralens) bergapten, isobergapten, sphondin, isopimpinellin and pimpinellin from the Umbilliferous plant Heracleum laciniatum was carried out by column chromatography, and the structure and absorption spectra for the 5 furocoumarins isolated are described. Photoepicutaneous testing showed the strongest phototoxic effects from bergapten, marked effects from pimpinellin, weak effects from sphondin and none from the others. These in vivo findings were confirmed by the in vitro Candida test. Action spectrum studies demonstrated peak photosensitivity in the range 330-335 nm, bergapten being more than twice as phototoxic as pimpinellin. PMID- 6617186 TI - Phytophotodermatitis due to Ruta graveolens. AB - We report phytophotodermatitis in a 5-year-old boy, his 6-year-old sister and his mother, evoked by their handling common rue (Ruta graveolens), a plant which contains psoralens. Psoralens are photoactive chemicals which, when rubbed on the skin, react with sunlight to produce erythema, hyperpigmentation and blistering. Phytophotodermatitis is an uncommon cause of such ill-effects, in children. PMID- 6617187 TI - Comparison of therapeutic agents for synthetic pyrethroid exposure. PMID- 6617188 TI - Contact urticaria to rouge. PMID- 6617189 TI - Contact allergy to Tinuvin P. PMID- 6617190 TI - Primula dermatitis in Japan. PMID- 6617191 TI - Contact urticaria from plastic shower curtains. PMID- 6617192 TI - Photoallergy to musk ambrette. PMID- 6617193 TI - Contact dermatitis from Eusolex 6300. PMID- 6617194 TI - Scuba diver facial dermatitis. PMID- 6617195 TI - Qualitative standards. PMID- 6617196 TI - Patch testing with copper sulphate. PMID- 6617197 TI - Pancreatico-colonic fistula: a complication of acute pancreatitis. PMID- 6617198 TI - Small bowel obstruction secondary to intraabdominal abscesses. PMID- 6617199 TI - Accuracy of rapid frozen section diagnosis in a community hospital. A review of 10 years experience at the Norwalk Hospital. PMID- 6617200 TI - Clinical applications of biomaterials. PMID- 6617201 TI - Report on do not resuscitate decisions. PMID- 6617202 TI - State health legislation. Selected highlights of recently enacted state legislation. PMID- 6617203 TI - Physician-hospital relations. PMID- 6617204 TI - The acceptability of a progestagen-only contraceptive during breast-feeding. AB - The acceptability of an oral contraceptive containing norethisterone 0.35 mg was investigated in a group of mothers followed-up at 6 months post-partum. Eighty four mothers out of a total of 203 (41%) had used this preparation while breast feeding and 37 (44%) of these were still taking it at the time of follow-up. The most frequent reason for discontinuation was cessation of breast-feeding. The overall duration of breast-feeding did not appear to differ between this group and a group using occlusive methods of contraception. Uterine bleeding during therapy was related to duration of breast-feeding, with 68% of women who breast fed for longer than five months remaining amenorrhoeic. Irregular bleeding occurred in 12% of the women who breast-fed for longer than 5 months compared with 43% of those who stopped breast-feeding within the first 3 months. In only 9% of cases was the pill discontinued because of side effects, including irregular bleeding. PMID- 6617205 TI - Effects of synthetic steroid contraceptives on biliary lipid composition of normal Mexican women. AB - The effects of two hormonal contraceptives upon the biliary lipid composition of Mexican women were evaluated in a prospective study. Twenty-one healthy volunteers of reproductive age were allocated into three groups (7 subjects each). Group I served as the experimental control (all subjects were bearing a non-medicated IUD), group II received i.m. norethisterone enanthate (NET-e) 200 mg every two months, and group III received an oral combination of 1-norgestrel 150 micrograms and ethinyl estradiol 30 micrograms. The bile lithogenic index as assessed by the relative proportion of cholesterol to bile acids and lecithin was determined in duodenal bile samples obtained before (baseline), during (4 months), and after (12 months) contraceptive administration. The results indicated that NET-e administration resulted in a slight although significant increase of the lithogenic index while the oral formulation did not. The overall data were interpreted as demonstrating that administration of these steroid contraceptives does not constitute a risk factor in terms of gallstone formation in the population studied. The estrogen-like behavior exhibited by NET-e is discussed. PMID- 6617206 TI - Characterization of a human anti-hCG antiserum: a proposed standard for laboratories involved with the development of hCG vaccines. AB - An antiserum (PC-81-1) was obtained from a man who developed antibodies against hCG during treatment for hypogonadism. The antiserum was unique in that its affinity for hCG was high (greater than 10(-10) M(-1] and its cross-reaction with hLH and the hCG-subunits was only 1-12.5% and 0.01%, respectively, of intact hCG. We propose that this human antiserum be used as a laboratory standard by investigators who are developing vaccines directed against hCG. The use of this standard in the proposed protocol will permit comparison of titers between laboratories. Lyophilized samples of antiserum PC-81-1 are available on request from the Population Council. PMID- 6617207 TI - Haemorheological investigations in patients with chronic ischaemic heart disease and acute myocardial infarction. AB - Blood viscosity measured by rotational viscosimeter in patients with old or acute myocardial infarction was significantly higher compared to healthy controls. A positive correlation could be observed between blood viscosity and other parameters like haematocrit, fibrinogen, globulin as well as total protein, total lipid and cholesterol concentration. When logarithmic expression of viscosity was used, the coefficients of correlation decreased except for the correlation of blood viscosity with the total protein concentration. With the haematocrit level held constant, the coefficients of (partial) correlation between blood viscosity and the parameters of lipid metabolism (cholesterol, total lipids, triglycerides) substantially increased. PMID- 6617208 TI - The diagnostic value of R-wave amplitude changes during exercise testing. AB - Exercise ECG, coronary arteriography and left ventriculography were performed in 200 patients with suspected or confirmed coronary artery disease (CAD). The authors compared the diagnostic value of R wave amplitude changes and ST segment depressions in V5. Evaluation of the results showed a near uniform sensitivity of the two methods. R wave amplitude changes in V5 did not correlate with the presence and degree of CAD nor with the number of affected coronary arteries. In contrast to the absence of a definite correlation with topical left ventricular dysfunction there was a correlation with the ejection fraction. The study showed that in some instances R wave amplitude changes may complement the evaluation of exercise testing based on ST segment depressions. Yet, R wave amplitude changes alone during exercise testing lack a sufficient predictive accuracy for being adopted as a routine criterion of coronary insufficiency. PMID- 6617209 TI - Calf vascular resistance in middle-aged subjects with mild chronic hypertension. AB - To ascertain the effect of elevated blood pressure in adolescence and its 28-year persistence on the arterial haemodynamics in the legs, calf blood flow during dilatation was determined plethysmographically in 52 middle-aged subjects. Blood pressure was measured by auscultation on the arm at rest and during peak hyperaemia. Local vascular resistance during dilatation was calculated from the men blood pressure and maximal flow and was expressed in resistance units. The subjects were divided into 3 groups according to the magnitude of blood pressure (hypertension, borderline hypertension and normotension). Controls comprised 36 normotensive subjects of the same age. The results showed identical values of calf resistance at maximal dilatation in all three groups (hypertension: 2.65 +/- 0.86, borderline hypertension: 2.76 +/- 0.73, normotension: 2.43 +/- 0.33), which did not differ from the control value (2.41 +/- 0.50). The individual values of resistance during dilatation exceeded the upper limit of normality only in 7 of all investigated subjects. It is therefore supposed that in addition to elevated blood pressure other factors inducing the development of structural auto regulation in the skeletal muscle vascular bed of the lower extremities must be involved. PMID- 6617210 TI - Right bundle branch block in a prospective population study. AB - The prevalence of right bundle branch block (RBBB) according to clinical findings was investigated in 4210 randomly selected subjects of both sexes, aged 35 to 54, in 1969 and after a period of three years (1972). Rheumatic heart disease and decreased forced vital capacity were more often found in persons with RBBB than in persons without RBBB. The prevalence of RBBB was 0.24% in 1969 and 0.35% in 1972. Incomplete RBBB (iRBBB) was found in 2.95% in 1969 and in 1.64% in 1972. The R1 smaller than the R wave in V1 or V2 was seen in 3.37% in 1969 and in 2.72% in 1972. RBBB remained constant over a period of three years, iRBBB was constant in 40.8% and R1 smaller than the R wave in V1/V2 was constant in 34.8%. Hypertension and depression of the S-T segment and inverted T wave before and after exercise were not more frequent in subjects with RBBB than in those without RBBB. PMID- 6617211 TI - Endomyocardial fibrosis with successful surgical treatment in a Hungarian woman. AB - The first successful operation of endomyocardial fibrosis in a young woman in Hungary is reported. Left ventricular endocardial thickening had been diagnosed preoperatively using two-dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 6617212 TI - Some pathogenetic factors of age-related specificities in experimental atherosclerosis. AB - Age-related specificities of the biosynthesis of lipids, of the character of hyperlipaemia, bile excretion by the liver and oxygen supply to the organism under conditions of hypoxic load were investigated in young (6-12 months) and old (3.5-4.5 years) rabbits in a normal state and with experimental atherosclerosis. The results have shown that the more marked character of atherosclerosis in comparison with younger animals is caused: a) by insufficient synthesis of phospholipids in aortic tissue; b) by a decrease of alpha-cholesterol in blood combined with more pronounced hypercholesterolaemia; c) by decreased bile excretion and content of bile acids in the bile; d) growing difficulties in ensuring oxygen supply to the organism. PMID- 6617213 TI - IXth World Congress of Cardiology. Moscow, June 20-26, 1982. PMID- 6617214 TI - Presidential address. Who should receive intensive care? PMID- 6617215 TI - Phentolamine in low cardiac output states: an assessment with ECG-gated cardiac scintigraphy. AB - We examined the effect of parenteral phentolamine in 11 critically ill patients with a low cardiac output state and a high systemic resistance. Because vasodilators often affect left ventricular end-diastolic pressure-volume relationships (compliance) in acute cardiac disease, changes in the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (WP) may conceivably not reflect the true effect of vasodilators on left ventricular preload. Hence, we measured left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) with ECG-gated cardiac scintigraphy and stroke volume by thermodilution before and during phentolamine infusion. We then calculated left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI). Phentolamine infusion was associated with an increase in the mean cardiac index (CI) (1.96 +/- .53 [mean +/ SD] to 2.45 +/- .69 L/min X m2; p less than .0025) whereas the mean WP fell (19.5 +/- 7.5 to 13.5 +/- 7.3 mm Hg; p less than .05). There was no simultaneous change in the mean LVEDVI (100 +/- 48 to 110 +/- 40 ml/m2; p = NS), implying that one of the effects of phentolamine infusion was to improve left ventricular diastolic compliance. Multiple regression analysis suggested that the major effect of phentolamine on stroke volume was mediated by concomitant changes in the LVEDVI (r2 = .64). Therefore, benefit from phentolamine in low cardiac output states is multifactorial and phentolamine likely improves left ventricular compliance in some patients. PMID- 6617216 TI - Intralipid alterations in pulmonary prostaglandin metabolism and gas exchange. AB - To assess the role of Intralipid as a prostaglandin (PG) precursor, we infused Intralipid into 40 rabbits with long-term arterial and venous catheters; 24 other rabbits received a control saline infusion. One-half of the rabbits in both experimental and control groups had oleic acid-damaged lungs, and at least 5 in each of the 4 groups (Intralipid/saline in normal/damaged lungs) received indomethacin. Two vasodilating PGs (E2 and 6KF1 alpha) and one vasoconstricting PG (F2 alpha) were measured. Triglyceride levels increased significantly in all Intralipid groups, averaging 580 mg/dl. Intralipid-related alterations in PG levels and arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) were significant only in the lung damaged group. The mean (+/- sem) decrease in PaO2 was 12 +/- 1.5 torr (p less than .001). For both vasodilating PGs, Intralipid infusion increased the pulmonary arteriovenous gradients for PG E2 and PG 6KF1 alpha by 960 pg/ml (p less than .05) and 697 pg/ml (p less than .10), respectively. Both the PaO2 decrease and the vasodilating PG increases were blocked by indomethacin. In summary, Intralipid infusion in lung-damaged rabbits increased pulmonary production of vasodilating PGs and associated hypoxemia, presumably caused by an unblocking of hypoxic vasoconstriction and resultant increase in intrapulmonary right-to-left shunt. PMID- 6617217 TI - Sequential cardiorespiratory patterns in septic shock. AB - Sequential hemodynamic and oxygen transport monitoring was performed in 33 patients with septic shock to define the temporal pattern of physiologic events. Measurements taken over a 24-h period before the hypotensive crisis, defined as the lowest initial mean arterial pressure (MAP), were compared to those taken during the 48 h thereafter. In the 24-h period before the hypotensive crisis, there were increases in cardiac index (CI), central venous pressure (CVP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (WP), pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI), and pulmonary shunt (Qsp/Qt), but decreases in MAP, systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) and oxygen delivery (Do2). When sequential cardiorespiratory patterns were examined, oxygen consumption (VO2) fell transiently to significantly low values 12 h before as well as at the time of the hypotensive crisis. SVRI fell and CI rose to values significantly different from normal in the 4 h before the low MAP. During the subsequent 48 h after the hypotensive crisis, CI, CVP, WP, PVRI and Qsp/Qt remained elevated. Values for MAP, SVRI, DO2, and VO2 were significantly reduced. These results demonstrate the existence of antecedent cardiorespiratory alterations that precede the hypotensive episode in septic shock and suggest that flow maldistribution in the systemic circulation is an early event with possible pathogenic significance. PMID- 6617218 TI - Noncardiac pulmonary edema precipitated by tracheal intubation in patients with inhalation injury. AB - Ten patients with body surface burn and clinical evidence of inhalation injury developed transient, reversible pulmonary edema within 5 min after endotracheal intubation. Hemodynamic studies within 1 hr after intubation revealed normal cardiac output and pulmonary artery wedge pressure (WP). Additionally, in the latter 4 patients, protein concentration of edema fluid (EF) aspirated from the trachea was 58-104% of plasma (P) total protein. These findings suggest that altered capillary permeability was responsible for this transient pulmonary edema. It is postulated that glottic generated expiratory retard may increase alveolar pressure, thus preventing pulmonary edema. Bypass of glottis by tracheal intubation may render alveolar pressure atmospheric and facilitate edema formation. PMID- 6617219 TI - The risk of infection related to radial vs femoral sites for arterial catheterization. AB - To evaluate risk factors for infections associated with indwelling arterial catheters, 186 catheters were randomly allocated for either femoral or radial insertion in 155 critically ill patients. Femoral catheters were easier to insert and it was easier to obtain blood specimens from them. Rates of local infection at the insertion sites and rates of positive catheter-tip cultures were similar for femoral and radial catheters. Evidence of local infection was not predictive of a positive catheter-tip culture. Percutaneously inserted femoral and radial artery catheters had a similarly low incidence of catheter-associated infections. There was only one catheter-related infection, and no cultured catheter was judged the cause of bacteremia. Routine prophylactic replacement of arterial catheter systems may be unnecessary in critical care units where rates of arterial catheter-associated infections are low. PMID- 6617220 TI - ST changes during sodium nitroprusside therapy in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Nineteen patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction who were hypertensive (systolic BP greater than or equal to 170 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP greater than or equal to 100 mm Hg) at the time of admission were treated with continuous infusion of sodium nitroprusside (NP). The administration of NP resulted in a significant elevation of ST segments probably related to decreased diastolic BP and increased HR; direct NP effects on coronary circulation cannot be excluded. These changes may indicate a negative effect on the ischemic portion(s) of the myocardium. PMID- 6617221 TI - Plasma catecholamine levels and hemodynamic responses of severely acidotic dogs to dopamine infusion. AB - Changes in plasma catecholamine (CA) levels and hemodynamic responses after a dopamine (DA) infusion of 20 micrograms/kg body weight per min were studied in dogs with a normal acid-base state (pH 7.4, PaCO2 40 torr) and in the same animals after induction of severe metabolic acidosis (pH 7.0, PaCO2 40 torr). DA increased plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels from .487 +/- .109 ng/ml to 3.077 +/- 0.357 ng/ml in the normal acid-base state, and from 1.762 +/- .521 ng/ml to 9.533 +/- 1.403 ng/ml in acidosis. Plasma epinephrine (E) levels in normal and acidotic states were also increased by DA infusion. In the normal acid-base state DA increased myocardial contractility and cardiac index (CI). DA also increased myocardial contractility during acidosis, but the response of CI to DA was abolished. DA significantly decreased systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) in the normal acid-base state and significantly increased SVRI in acidosis. Acidosis appears to enhance the rate of conversion of DA to NE and E. The failure of DA to increase CI in acidosis may be a result of the increased afterload on the left ventricle. PMID- 6617223 TI - Spontaneous arteriovenous plasma separation. AB - Plasmapheresis (PP) therapy was carried out by spontaneous arteriovenous membrane plasma separation. By cannulating the femoral artery and vein by Seldinger technique, this method could be performed by natural arteriovenous pressure gradient without blood pumps or special monitoring. Eight patients experienced 44 PP therapies without complication in the ICU. Spontaneous arteriovenous membrane plasma separation can suitably be combined with continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration. PMID- 6617222 TI - Continuous monitoring of mixed venous oxygen in neonatal pulmonary hypertension. AB - The management of persistent fetal circulation (PFC) in 3 neonates was facilitated by continuous monitoring of either pulmonary artery (PAP) or right ventricular pressure using an umbilical catheter with a catheter-tip electrode. The catheter was inserted without fluoroscopy via the umbilical vein, using continuously monitored oxygen tension and pressure waveform to determine entry into the right ventricle in 1 patient and the main pulmonary artery in 2 others. Right ventricular and PAP responses to dopamine, dobutamine, and tolazoline facilitated pharmacologic management, whereas continuous mixed venous oxygen tension (PVO2) provided an index of tissue oxygenation. PMID- 6617224 TI - Transcutaneous gas tension monitoring in the management of intraoperative apnea. AB - Periods of apnea or severe hypoventilation may occur during procedures which involve the airway or during thoracic operations. Routine vital signs and ECG monitoring of these situations are incapable of quantitating the severe tissue hypoxia and acidosis which develop under these circumstances; rather, they only reflect the morbid complications of hypoxia and acidosis (i.e., bradycardia, ectopy, and hypotension). Transcutaneous oxygen and carbon dioxide sensors directly measure tissue gas tensions with a short sensor response time. This report documents the efficacy of transcutaneous gas tension monitoring in the management of these high-risk situations. PMID- 6617225 TI - Fatal outcome in untreated adolescent ulcerative colitis: an unusual case of child neglect. PMID- 6617226 TI - Ethical and social perspectives in critical care. PMID- 6617227 TI - Paradoxical air embolism: transcapillary route. PMID- 6617228 TI - Therapeutic nitrous oxide analgesia. PMID- 6617229 TI - Comparison of the effect of temperature on kidney cortex mitochondria from rabbit, dog, pig, and human: Arrhenius plots of ADP-stimulated respiration. AB - The effect of temperature on the rate of ADP-stimulated respiration of mitochondria from dog, rabbit, pig, and human kidney cortex mitochondria was plotted according to the Arrhenius relationship. The temperature at which the plot demonstrated a break was at 15 degrees C for mitochondria from dog, pig, and human kidneys. The discontinuity occurred at 10 degrees C or less for mitochondria from rabbit kidneys. This difference suggests that mitochondria from rabbit kidneys undergo a lipid-phase transition at lower temperatures than for other species commonly used in experimental renal preservation. The implications of this difference suggest caution in using results obtained with rabbit kidneys for comparison to results obtained from hypothermic renal preservation of other species kidneys. Apparent fluidization of dog kidney mitochondrial membranes with adamantine abolished the discontinuity in the Arrhenius plot. PMID- 6617230 TI - Ventricular fibrillation in hibernators and nonhibernators. AB - Previous studies have shown that there are differences between hibernators and nonhibernators in the susceptibility to ventricular fibrillation. In an attempt to clarify these differences ventricular fibrillation was induced in isolated hearts of the hibernator, the woodchuck, Marmota monax by cooling, warming, puncture, and by norepinephrine administration. It was shown that the hearts of the winter animals were completely resistant toward the ventricular fibrillation inducing agents, which was not the case for the hearts from summer, active animals. Further, the hearts of another hibernator, the hedgehog, Erinaceus europaeus, and guinea pig, Cavia porcellus, were studied electrophysiologically in anesthetized animals with open chests and with bipolar electrodes attached to the epicardium. During pacing it was shown that the hedgehog had a higher stimulus threshold and a lower maximal following frequency than the guinea pig. The summer hedgehogs showed resistance toward both ventricular premature beats and ventricular fibrillation. Sixty percent of the summer hedgehogs and 100 percent of the winter hedgehogs and guinea pigs developed ventricular fibrillation. The threshold for ventricular fibrillation was highest for summer hedgehogs. The effective refractory period of papillary muscle of summer hedgehogs was shorter than that of guinea pigs. The force frequency relationship of the isolated papillary muscle showed a greater degree of independence in the hedgehog than in the guinea pig. Consequently, the results show that the heart of the hibernator is more arrhythmia resistant than the heart of the nonhibernator, although there are seasonal differences. PMID- 6617231 TI - Viability of ram testicular spermatozoa following cryopreservation in rete testis fluid. AB - Ram testicular spermatozoa, collected continuously from the cannulated testis, were frozen in rete testis fluid in straws using the cryoprotective agents egg yolk and glycerol. The effect of cryopreservation on the viability of the spermatozoa was assessed by studying their metabolism, morphology, ultrastructure, and radioiodination patterns. Freeze-thawing significantly depressed the respiration rate and glycolytic activity of testicular spermatozoa. Morphologically, there was little evidence of cryodamage in frozen-thawed testicular spermatozoa. Except for some slightly corrugated acrosomes and a more loosely attached plasma membrane over the sperm head, frozen-thawed testicular spermatozoa were indistinguishable from nonfrozen control spermatozoa. Surface radioiodination of frozen-thawed testicular spermatozoa was highly selective and resulted in a labeling pattern similar to that of the nonfrozen controls. In contrast, the radiolabeling pattern of frozen-thawed electroejaculated spermatozoa was characterized by high background radioactivity and low selectivity. These results confirm previous suggestions that testicular spermatozoa have a greater low-temperature tolerance than do ejaculated spermatozoa and indicate that cryopreservation of immature testicular spermatozoa in rete testis fluid with added egg yolk and glycerol may be a useful approach to extend the availability of these cells. PMID- 6617232 TI - Permeability of intact and dechorionated zebra fish embryos to glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide. AB - Intact developing embryos of the zebra fish Brachydanio rerio were exposed to [14C]DMSO and [3H]glycerol (1 M in Fish Ringer) to assess the degree of permeation of these cryoprotectants. Glycerol enters the embryo more easily, although reaching only about 8% of the expected equilibrium level after 2 hr at room temperature; DMSO reaches only about 2.5% of this level. In an attempt to identify the barrier to permeation, dechorionated embryos were similarly exposed to isotopic DMSO. Permeation increased severalfold, indicating that the chorion retards the free exchange of solute. Embryos are unaffected by exposure to 1 M DMSO in Fish Ringer at 23 degrees C for up to 1 hr. The number of embryos hatching after 1-hr exposure to DMSO at varying concentrations was significantly reduced at 1.5 and 2 M. Embryos exposed to 1 M glycerol for 1 hr at 23 degrees C showed disruption of periblast cells and separation of the blastoderm; it was impossible to remove glycerol either by abrupt or very slow dilution. PMID- 6617233 TI - Cooling of embryonic cells, isolated blastoderms, and intact embryos of the zebra fish Brachydanio rerio to -196 degrees C. AB - Single cells from the developing embryo of the zebra fish survive freezing when protected with 1 M DMSO and cooled to -196 degrees C in two steps. Cell survival drops from 85 to 26% when clumps of 5-10 cells are similarly frozen, and to 2% when isolated blastoderms are treated in the same way. This drastic decrease in survival is interpreted as an example of the "scale-up problem," in which diffusional barriers prevent cryoprotectant equilibration and osmotic dehydration in large cell assemblanges. Isolated blastoderms develop considerably in culture, and retain some of this ability following cooling to -25 degrees C after protection with DMSO or glycerol. Intact embryos protected with high concentrations of glycerol (2.8 M) tolerate slow cooling to -196 degrees C surprisingly well, with most of the embryonic cells morphologically intact and actively extruding lobopodia. Glycerol could, however, only be removed from cells by disrupting the embryo so that diffusional barriers were removed. DMSO (2.8 M) was ineffective in preserving embryos or cells cooled to -196 degrees C. PMID- 6617234 TI - Destabilization of the plasma membrane of isolated plant protoplasts during a freeze-thaw cycle: the influence of cold acclimation. AB - In conclusion, isolated protoplasts are an excellent arena in which destabilization of the plasma membrane can be directly observed during a freeze thaw cycle by cryomicroscopy. Destabilization is manifested in various ways- intracellular ice formation, loss of osmotic responsiveness, or expansion-induced lysis. The incidence of any particular form of injury will depend on the freeze thaw protocol and hardiness of the tissue from which the protoplasts were isolated. In all cases, however, cold acclimation directly increases the stability of the plasma membrane to the multiple stresses that arise during a freeze-thaw cycle. Such observations provide for functional differences in the plasma membrane that may now be used to consider the significance of any compositional changes in the membrane that might be determined. PMID- 6617235 TI - Drought and freezing tolerance and adaptation in plants: some evidence of near equivalences. PMID- 6617236 TI - IXth international symposium on indapamide. Montreal, Canada, 29th September 1982. PMID- 6617237 TI - Effects of the acute and chronic administration of indapamide on systemic and renal haemodynamics in essential hypertension. AB - The effects of acute and chronic administration of indapamide on systemic and renal haemodynamics were studied in 10 patients with arterial essential hypertension. No important changes were observed on mean arterial blood pressure, cardiac index and total peripheral resistance during acute administration of the drug. Chronic administration produced a significant reduction in both mean arterial blood pressure and total peripheral resistance whereas the cardiac index did not change. Glomerular filtration rate diminished significantly during the acute administration of the drug, while renal plasma flow remained unchanged. Urinary volume did not change whereas osmotic clearance increased and free water clearance decreased evidently. Both urinary sodium and potassium increased significantly during acute administration of indapamide. Long-term administration of this substance had no effect on renal haemodynamics. PMID- 6617238 TI - The place of indapamide in the treatment of arterial hypertension. AB - Clinical efficacy is not the sole criterion today in the drug treatment of hypertension, a condition which is so often asymptomatic and one which demands prolonged, usually lifetime, management of the patient. Patient compliance with treatment is essential and the practical usefulness of a drug can be determined by its side-effect liability, convenience and simplicity of administration and low possible long-term risk potential. There is growing experimental and clinical evidence that indapamide, an antihypertensive agent with only limited diuretic activity at low dosage (2.5 mg as a single dose per day), is proving to be a consistently effective and well-tolerated alternative to the thiazides and beta blockers as a first-line treatment, and a useful addition in multi-drug regimens. Some of the recent data, particularly from U.S. and Canadian studies, are briefly reviewed. PMID- 6617239 TI - Effect of indapamide on volume-dependent hypertension, renal haemodynamics, solute excretion and proximal nephron fractional reabsorption in the dog. AB - Indapamide, a newly developed antihypertensive agent with modest diuretic properties, reduced mean arterial pressure toward normal in dogs made hypertensive with salt and DOCA, while low-dose furosemide (0.1 mg per day) and hydrochlorothiazide (1 and 50 mg per day) did not result in similar degrees of blood pressure control. Indapamide, low-dose furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide treatment all resulted in similar decreases in body weight suggesting that the antihypertensive effect of indapamide occurs through a mechanism independent of contraction of extracellular fluid volume. Intravenous indapamide at doses of 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg caused progressive increases in sodium, potassium and chloride excretion when urine losses were replaced by isotonic saline to prevent extracellular fluid volume contraction. Only at 3.0 mg/kg did plasma potassium decrease significantly (2.92 +/- 0.03 to 2.69 +/- 0.05 mmol/l; p less than 0.05). Neither glomerular filtration rate (GFR) nor renal blood flow (flowmeter) decreased in a dose-related manner; however, effective renal plasma flow assessed by para-aminohippurate clearance did decrease about 15% at the highest dose (p less than 0.05). Proximal re-collection micropuncture studies demonstrated decreased proximal reabsorption. Cortical diluting segment reabsorption was decreased, but CNa + CH2O/GFR increased from 7% to 11% (p less than 0.05). These results indicate that, at doses up to 3.0 mg/kg, indapamide causes a natriuresis which is modest and similar to that seen with thiazides. No decrease in GFR or renal blood flow was observed. This drug apparently exerts a natriuretic effect through an inhibition of solute reabsorption in both the proximal nephron and the cortical diluting segment. PMID- 6617241 TI - Diuretic treatment in essential hypertension. AB - In North America, diuretics remain the most common first-line drug therapy for essential hypertension based on efficacy, safety and cost. The promotion of step care programmes has firmly established their dominant use on this continent whereas in Europe, particularly in Scandinavia and Great Britain, beta adrenoceptor blocking agents are more frequently chosen as first-line therapy. On both continents, combined therapy with a diuretic and a beta-blocker is probably the most common second step for patients with blood pressures uncontrolled on a single agent alone and diuretics remain useful, if not essential, to prevent sodium retention commonly observed with other antihypertensive agents. Although the forced loss of sodium and water may be responsible for their initial antihypertensive effect, the mechanism underlying their long-term effect is unknown but probably involves some alteration of vascular smooth muscle reactivity. More recently, concern has been expressed about their long-term safety as larger populations are being exposed to diuretic agents for a significant proportion of their life-span. These concerns include haemodynamic and biochemical consequences of diuretic therapy - excessive tachycardia at rest and with minimal exercise, postural hypotension, hypokalaemia and arrhythmias, muscle cramps or fatigue, glucose intolerance, hyperuricaemia and altered circulating lipids as markers or promotors of atherosclerosis and its complications. At present, there is insufficient evidence to alter the present recommendation of diuretic agents as first-line drug therapy in the treatment of hypertension. PMID- 6617242 TI - Indapamide in the stepped-care treatment of obese hypertensive patients. AB - A double-blind study was carried out in obese patients with moderately severe hypertension to assess the efficacy and tolerability of 2.5 mg indapamide as a once-a-day Step 1 drug compared to 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide also as a once-a-day Step 1 drug; to assess the efficacy and tolerability of a fixed daily dose of 2.5 mg indapamide administered concomitantly with methyldopa starting at 500 mg daily; and to compare the findings of efficacy and tolerability of 2.5 mg indapamide daily with those of 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide daily as Step 1 agents when methyldopa is the Step 2 drug. Twenty-nine patients completed the study and were evaluated. Nine patients achieved the study criterion of reduction of average standing diastolic pressure to 90 mmHg or less when treated with Step 1 medication only. Twenty patients required the addition of methyldopa to their Step 1 medication: 10 patients took 2.5 mg indapamide with an average constant daily dose of 1100 mg methyldopa and 10 patients took 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide with an average constant daily dose of 1575 mg methyldopa to achieve blood pressure control. All groups had mean diastolic pressure controlled at or below the 90 mmHg criterion during the period of constant methyldopa dosage for those patients who required Step 2 therapy. There were no significant differences between groups with respect to diastolic pressure during the constant dosage period. The indapamide patients required significantly (p less than 0.05) less methyldopa than did the hydrochlorothiazide patients in order to maintain satisfactory control of diastolic blood pressure. The number of responders was greater in the 2.5 mg indapamide + methyldopa group than it was in the 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide + methyldopa group, and responses were achieved more rapidly in the former group than in the latter. Indapamide (2.5 mg per day) was effective and well tolerated when used alone or as Step 1 medication in combination with methyldopa as Step 2 medication, and it compared favourably in this regard with hydrochlorothiazide. PMID- 6617243 TI - Double contrast techniques in the diagnosis of inflammatory large bowel disease. PMID- 6617240 TI - Conjugated catecholamines and their measurement: some pharmacokinetic aspects. AB - Comparison of the methods of determination of conjugated catecholamines shows that, despite their variable absolute values, the relative proportions of the free and conjugated dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine are close (mean of 97.3% of dopamine, 73% of norepinephrine and 84% of epinephrine being conjugated) and these proportions remain similar whether acid or sulphatase hydrolysis is used. Thus, the variability is due rather to the methods of catecholamine determination than to the mode of hydrolysis of conjugated catecholamines. The measurement of dopamine sulphate, which is preferable to non-specific measurements, is a useful tool in detecting individual differences of sulpho conjugation in subjects who sulphoconjugate dopamine with a delay and are thus more prone to experience, prior to dopamine sulphoconjugation, cardiovascular and other actions of dopamine not seen in subjects who sulphoconjugate dopamine immediately. PMID- 6617244 TI - Current diagnostic techniques for single thyroid nodules. PMID- 6617245 TI - Right ventricular failure following implantation of a left ventricular assist device. PMID- 6617247 TI - Does a nonacid lumen cause antral G-cell hyperplasia? PMID- 6617246 TI - Preoperative hemodynamic evaluation of aortoiliac occlusive disease: correlation with intraoperative measurements. PMID- 6617248 TI - The accuracy of predicting intestinal viability with fluorescein: experimental observations. PMID- 6617249 TI - Is the brain adequately cooled during deep hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass? PMID- 6617250 TI - Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. PMID- 6617251 TI - Disseminated superficial porokeratosis: rapid therapeutic response to 5 fluorouracil. PMID- 6617252 TI - Clinical and histologic features of orf. AB - A 24-year-old man developed a papular eruption on his hands after butchering sheep. Viral cultures and serum antibody levels confirmed the diagnosis of orf. The clinical features, histologic findings, and diagnostic criteria of orf are described. PMID- 6617253 TI - Sweet's syndrome and ovarian carcinoma. PMID- 6617254 TI - Practical therapy for ingrown toenails. AB - The etiology, prevention, and previous therapies for ingrown toenails are presented. A simple, quick, relatively painless method for treating ingrown toenails is described, in which a cotton wick saturated with iodine tincture is inserted into the affected sulcus, separating the nail plate from the skin. Granulation tissue is treated with a cotton applicator saturated with a 50 percent silver nitrate solution. This method works on more than 80 percent of the ingrown toenails seen by this dermatologist, and is well tolerated by the patient. PMID- 6617255 TI - Lichen planus limited to the nails. AB - The nails are commonly involved in cases of lichen planus of the skin and mucous membranes. However, in rare instances, the nails alone may be affected. A case of lichen planus limited to the nails in a 10-year-old boy is reported. PMID- 6617256 TI - Clear cell syringoma. PMID- 6617257 TI - A usage-safety study of two new, dry skin formulations in patients with atopic dermatitis. AB - A usage-safety study involving two new dry skin formulations was conducted using a group of subjects with a history of atopic dermatitis. The results indicate that these formulations are safe in persons with inactive to mildly active dermatitis and are effective in alleviating the signs of dry skin, particularly on the legs. However, one individual with very active dermatitis developed an irritant reaction to one test formulation, possibly related to the fragrance contained therein. PMID- 6617258 TI - The preprophase band of microtubules: does it block cleavage? AB - The preprophase band of microtubules is known to predict the future plane of cytokinesis accurately in both symmetric and asymmetric divisions of the cell. Of the three major types of cytokinetic systems which are now known, so far there are no reports of systems that divide by cleavage having preprophase bands of microtubules. It is proposed that a major function of a preprohase band is to prevent the initiation of cleavage in systems which require the development of a phragmoplast to hold daughter nuclei apart after telophase. PMID- 6617259 TI - A physical (electromagnetic) model of differentiation. 2. Applications and examples. AB - The electromagnetic model of cell differentiation originated by Nagl and Popp (1983) was applied to two biological events, chromatin condensation and photoperiodicity (oscillations). Some experiments are suggested, which may help to refute or verify, respectively, the role of ultraweak photon emission in differentiation and the control of gene activity. PMID- 6617260 TI - An evaluation of the side effects of garlic as an antihypertensive agent. AB - Eight spontaneously hypertensive rats representative of a diverse group with regard to age and sex were used to observe possible side effects from the use of garlic as an antihypertensive agent. Doses were administered at 6 h intervals daily for 28 days. Blood pressure, pulse rate and ECG were monitored once every 7 days for 28 days and then again 6 days after the day that the last dose was administered. All of the animals had erratic pulse rates and abnormal ECG. Weight loss occurred in all of the animals receiving the extract two and three times a day. All of the animals tested became lethargic and weak, had soft faeces and showed signs of dehydration. Also, the skin on the hindlimbs and forelimbs became very tender and could be easily torn. These effects were more pronounced in the animals receiving the extract two and three times a day. PMID- 6617261 TI - Effects of puromycin and cycloheximide on properties of cells from Xenopus laevis early embryos. AB - The effects have been studied of puromycin and cycloheximide on the reaggregation of ectoderm cells dissociated from Xenopus laevis blastulae. Puromycin or cycloheximide can inhibit reaggregation, suggesting that cell reassociation is dependent upon protein synthesis. If the cells are allowed a 3 h 'recovery' period in culture medium following dissociation, before being exposed to either puromycin or cycloheximide, higher concentrations of the inhibitors are required to prevent cell aggregation, suggesting that significant synthesis of the proteins required for reaggregation occurs in the 3 h immediately following dissociation. Lower concentrations of puromycin permit cell reaggregation but reduce the normal formation of cilia. The effects have also been observed of puromycin on the scanning electron microscopical appearance of Xenopus blastula ectoderm cells cultured singly in vitro. Puromycin reduces the normal formation of pseudopodia, suggesting that puromycin might inhibit reaggregation partly by inhibiting cell movement. Puromycin also produces some elongated cells, possibly by inhibition of cytokinesis. PMID- 6617262 TI - Heterochromatin variation and sex chromosome polymorphism in Nesokia indica: a population study. AB - Nesokia indica, the Indian mole rat, exhibits extensive variability (polymorphism) for the constitutive heterochromatin of the X and Y chromosomes. These polymorphic X and Y types range from a large metacentric chromosome to a small acrocentric one and occur in different frequencies in the population. On the assumption that there is random mating among individuals carrying these various X and Y chromosomes, the population shows Hardy-Weinberg proportions for the genotypes. However, notwithstanding the partial or total loss of constitutive heterochromatin of the X and Y chromosomes in a few individuals, its retention in most of the animals seems obligatory to the population at large. Hence, we suggest that the C-heterochromatin plays a "regulatory" role in the population dynamics of this species. PMID- 6617263 TI - Differential NOR activities in somatic and germ cells of Monodelphis domestica (Marsupialia, Mammalia). AB - Somatic and germ cells of the gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica) were analyzed cytogenetically by C-banding, G-banding, and silver staining. The diploid chromosome number was found to be 18. C-banding revealed constitutive heterochromatin at the centromeres of all chromosomes, with additional heterochromatin on one arm of the Y. Silver staining for the localization of nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) showed NORs on the X and on a pair of autosomes, tentatively designated as chromosome 5. In females, the NORs on both X chromosomes were active in 98.3% of all somatic cells analyzed, indicating that this locus escapes sex-chromosome dosage compensation. Chromosome 5 showed an active NOR in only 16.2% of cells scored from the six females. In males, 100% of the somatic cells analyzed showed an active NOR on the X chromosome. Greater variability of autosomal NOR activity was observed between male individuals and between different tissue of the same male. Silver staining of pachytene spermatocytes revealed that (1) only an autosomal NOR was active, whereas the NOR of the X chromosome was inactive, and (2) the X and Y chromosomes showed asynaptic behavior, even though all autosomal synaptonemal complexes were fully formed during this stage. PMID- 6617264 TI - Delayed meiotic development and correlated death of spermatocytes in male mice with chromosome abnormalities. AB - The kinetics of germ-cell development were examined in random-bred adult Swiss mice by means of tritium autoradiography. Comparisons were made between males with normal (+/+) and abnormal karyotypes: Rb(11.13)4Bnr/+ and T(1;13)70H/+ heterozygotes, T70H tertiary trisomics, and T70H translocation trisomics. The time taken for the first wave of labelled cells to progress from premeiotic S phase to diplotene and then on to the second meiotic metaphase was estimated in each stock, and rates of increase of labelled meiotic figures were measured. The S-phase to diplotene interval did not differ significantly among the different genotypes, taking from 10 days, 16 h to 10 days, 19 h. In Rb4Bnr/+, T70H translocation trisomic, and T70H tertiary trisomic males, however, labelled meiotic figures accumulated at a lower rate, particularly in the tertiary trisomics. A cell delay for some meiocytes was thus indicated during meiotic prophase. A correlation was seen between the degree of meiotic delay and severity of reduction in sperm count. The period from late diplotene to metaphase II was also found to be longer in T70H tertiary trisomics than in controls (+/+) or other chromosomally abnormal males. PMID- 6617265 TI - Chromosomal phylogeny of Muridae: a study of 10 genera. AB - The karyotypes of 10 different species of the family Muridae (Acomys airensis, Arvicanthis niloticus, Hylomyscus stella, Malacomys longipes, Mastomys huberti, Myomys daltoni, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Thamnomys gazellae, and Uranomys ruddi) are compared by different banding techniques. From a reconstruction of the presumed ancestral karyotype of the Muridae the sequence of the various rearrangements leading to the present karyotypes is proposed in order to determine their phylogenetic relationships. In particular, the present karyotypes of the mouse and rat differ from the ancestral one by at least 12 and 7 rearrangements, respectively. A clear tendency for accumulation of a specific type of rearrangement in a given branch of the cladogram is observed. In regard to the mouse, a large number of translocations, with break points situated in the proximal part of the long arms, have occurred, which conserved the acrocentric form of the ancestral chromosomes but led to multiple recombinations of the bands. PMID- 6617266 TI - Nucleolus organizer regions of the canine karyotype. AB - Silver-stained preparations of cultured lymphocytes obtained from 12 pure-bred dogs revealed the presence of nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) on four to seven chromosomes in females and five to eight chromosomes in males. All seven males had a NOR on the Y chromosome. The telomeric location of the NORs on the autosomes suggested by an earlier study was confirmed. PMID- 6617267 TI - Sperm chromosome analysis of a man heterozygous for a pericentric inversion of chromosome 3. AB - Using a procedure in which human sperm were allowed to fertilize zona-free golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) eggs in vitro, the sperm chromosomes of a man heterozygous for inv(3) (p11q11) were analyzed. When the chromosomes were Q banded, the inverted chromosome had the bright centromeric band on the short arm rather than on the long arm, as was seen in the normal No. 3. One hundred and eleven sperm chromosome spreads were examined, of which 64 contained the normal chromosome and 47 the inverted one. This was not significantly different from the expected 1:1 ratio. No sperm containing a chromosome imbalance caused by a crossover within the inversion were seen. Ten (8.1%) of the sperm contained chromosome abnormalities unrelated to the inversion. The ratio of X- to Y-bearing sperm was 55:45. PMID- 6617268 TI - Breakpoint map of chromosomal inversion and deletion cell cultures in the NIGMS Human Genetic Mutant Cell Repository. PMID- 6617269 TI - Origin of the multinucleate decidual cell of the mouse. PMID- 6617270 TI - Crystalloid or blood cardioplegia with cardiac surgery. PMID- 6617271 TI - Cardiac augmentation by phasic high intrathoracic pressure support in man. AB - Left ventricular performance can be significantly influenced by changes in intrathoracic pressure. In man, sustained increases in intrathoracic pressure unload the left ventricle, but since venous return decreases, increased intrathoracic pressure is associated with a decreased cardiac output. In a canine model of acute ventricular failure, it has been shown that phasic increases in intrathoracic pressure, which do not decrease venous return, improve steady-state cardiac output. We thus studied the cardiovascular effects of phasic high intrathoracic pressure support (PHIPS) in seven patients with shock in our intensive care unit whose condition was not responsive to conventional types of therapy. The PHIPS was generated by abdominal and chest wall binding during positive-pressure ventilation. As compared to the state before PHIPS, the PHIPS was associated with an increase in esophageal pressure (6.6 +/- 1.1 mm Hg; p less than 0.01) and in mean arterial pressure (43.0 +/- 6.1 to 51.0 +/- 7.7 mm Hg; p less than 0.01) while not changing arterial pressure relative to esophageal pressure. Cardiac output also increased from 3.6 +/- 0.5 to 4.2 +/- 0.6 L/min (p less than 0.05), while left ventricular filling pressures remained constant. In one subject a gated cardiac blood pool scan demonstrated a PHIPS-associated increase in ejection fraction and decreased end-diastolic volume. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that PHIPS, by increasing intrathoracic pressure, augments left ventricular performance by reducing left ventricular afterload. This appears to be a promising area for future research. PMID- 6617273 TI - Ventilation and oxygenation changes during sleep in cystic fibrosis. AB - Oxygen desaturation during sleep in patients with cystic fibrosis has been attributed to changes in the end-expiratory volume during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, leading to worsening of the ventilation-perfusion distribution. The purpose of this study was to describe the changes in ventilation during sleep that may contribute to the oxygen desaturation. Six adolescent males with moderate to severe cystic fibrosis were studied. It was concluded that hypoventilation during REM may contribute to oxygen desaturation in patients with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 6617272 TI - The pleuropulmonary manifestations of the postcardiac injury syndrome. AB - This study was designed to investigate the frequency and diagnostic importance of the pleuropulmonary manifestations of the postcardiac injury syndrome. A retrospective study of 35 patients (2 to 76 years old) with clearly defined postcardiac injury syndrome is presented. Twenty-one cases followed cardiac surgery, and 14 appeared after myocardial infarction. The onset of the syndrome was an average of 20 days following injury. The major clinical findings were pleurisy (91 percent; 32/35), fever (66 percent; 23/35), pericardial rub (63 percent; 22/35), dyspnea (57 percent; 20/35), rales (51 percent; 18/35), pleural rub (46 percent; 16/35), elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (96 percent; 25/26), and leukocytosis (49 percent; 17/35). The chest roentgenogram was abnormal in 94 percent (33/35). Pleural effusion was present in 83 percent (29/35), parenchymal infiltrates in 74 percent (26/35), and an enlarged cardiac silhouette in 49 percent (17/35). Analysis of pleural fluid was performed on 16 samples from 12 patients and revealed a bloody exudate with a pH greater than 7.40. The data presented document that pleuropulmonary involvement is a common manifestation of postcardiac injury syndrome. In addition, we discuss how these findings can be used to differentiate this syndrome from other clinical entities that may appear following cardiac injury, ie, parapneumonic effusions, congestive heart failure, and pulmonary embolism. PMID- 6617274 TI - Medroxyprogesterone acetate and COPD. Effect on breathing and oxygenation in sleeping and awake patients. AB - The effects of oral medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) (20 mg three times daily) were assessed on sleep-disordered breathing and on arterial blood gas levels in awake patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Seventeen men and two women (mean baseline PaO2, 65 mm Hg; PaCO2, 41 mm Hg; and FEV1/FVC ratio, 48 percent) participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study. After an initial night of polysomnography and daytime arterial blood gas analysis, the patients were randomized to receive either MPA or an identical placebo for one month; the studies were then repeated. The alternate compound was given for an additional month, and the studies were performed a third time. MPA in awake patients was associated with an increased mean PaO2 value, reduced PaCO2, and increased pH. Although there was no significant change in the number of episodes of sleep apnea, hypopnea, desaturation, or the minimal saturation, MPA marginally decreased the number of minutes of total sleep time when oxygen saturation was less than 90 percent (p = .06). In conclusion, MPA improves oxygenation and CO2 elimination and increases the pH in awake patients with COPD, but during sleep, does not significantly affect disordered breathing and only marginally improves desaturation. PMID- 6617275 TI - Reactions during work shift among cotton mill workers. AB - Lung function and blood neutrophils were measured in 13 cotton mill workers on different days of the work week. Antigen was prepared from cotton dust and a radioallergosorbent (RAST) test made on serum and plasma. The exposure was determined as airborne dust and bacterial endotoxin using vertical elutriators and personal samplers. Reductions in FEV1 and increased blood neutrophils were found on Monday at an exposure level of 0.32 to 0.48 mg respirable dust/m3 and 0.19 to 0.28 micrograms endotoxin/m3. The changes in blood neutrophils correlated with endotoxin levels. The FEV1 decreases were present on Monday but not on Wednesday and Friday. The RAST ratios were low and not correlated with FEV1. No systematic changes in RAST ratios were present over the Monday shift. The results suggest that the importance of immunologic reactions other than type 1 should be investigated. PMID- 6617276 TI - Valve replacement for Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve. Early and long term results of eight cases. AB - The role of valve replacement in the treatment of Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve remains controversial. Since 1965, eight patients with Ebstein's anomaly ranging in age from seven to 22 years of age (mean 13 years) have undergone tricuspid valve replacement (TVR) in our institution. Seven were in functional class 3 or 4 (NYHA), while one was in class 2, but had an increase in cardiac size. All of these eight patients showed moderate to severe cardiomegaly (cardiothoracic ratio: 54-75 percent). The valve was placed on the tricuspid annulus in seven of the eight cases, the exception being one case in which it was placed above the coronary sinus. Seven artificial prostheses (two Starr-Edwards, one Harken, one Kay-Shilley and three Wada-Cutter) and one porcine valve (Hancock) were used. There was one operative death in an early case due to postoperative complete heart block. Follow-up (range three to 18 years) of the other seven survival patients showed three late deaths; the first a pulmonary embolus 2.6 years after TVR; the second with congestive heart failure two years following the operation; and the third with arrhythmias five years after TVR. The remaining four patients are now in functional class 1 (three cases) and class 2 (one case). Valve replacement for Ebstein's anomaly can produce good clinical improvement and provide excellent long-term results. PMID- 6617277 TI - Sensitivity and specificity of two-dimensional echocardiography in the detection of valvular calcification. AB - To test the ultrasonic method for detecting valvular calcifications, two dimensional echocardiograms and 35-mm cinefluorograms recorded in 113 elderly men were compared. Four views of the heart were filmed with image intensification. Valvular opacifications 1.5 mm or more in diameter were considered to be calcium and served as the standards. From parasternal views the brightness of valvular echoes was compared to echoes of the aortic wall by incremental rejection. Valvular echoes persisting as long as or beyond suppression of aortic root echoes were called positive for calcium. In half of the subjects, fluorographic studies disclosed valvular calcium, of which 67 percent was graded minimum. Echocardiographic sensitivity for detecting calcium in both the mitral anulus and aortic valve was 76 percent; specificity was 89 to 94 percent. Detection in the mitral leaflets was low and due to the smallness of the target and high sensitivity of the standard. Thus, an easily performed ultrasonic technique can screen moderate calcification of the mitral annulus and aortic valve with a predictive accuracy of 80 percent. PMID- 6617278 TI - Inhibition of Blastomyces dermatitidis by topical lidocaine. AB - This study was designed to determine if lidocaine inhibited growth of Blastomyces dermatitidis and thereby reduced recovery of the fungus from bronchoscopy specimens. Case records of 36 patients with pulmonary blastomycosis showed that when the fungus was present at microscopy, whether the specimen was sputum or bronchial washings, culture of the bronchoscopic specimen was more frequently negative than the culture of the sputum specimen (p less than .05). In addition, lidocaine was shown to inhibit growth of B dermatitidis in vitro, with the inhibition depending on the concentration of the drug and the duration of exposure (p less than .01). High concentrations of lidocaine for topical anesthesia appear to adversely affect the recovery of B dermatitidis from bronchoscopic specimens. PMID- 6617279 TI - Pneumococcal vaccine in elderly patients with COPD. AB - Antibody levels to 12 serotypes of the 14 valent pneumococcal vaccine were measured in 12 patients (mean age of 70) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), approximately one year postvaccination and in 17 additional patients with COPD (mean age 70) who were not vaccinated. In the vaccinated group, the geometric mean antibody concentration (GMAC) 13 months postvaccination was above the presumed postvaccination minimally protective level (250 to 300 ng of antibody nitrogen per milliliter) for all serotypes except 6A and 19F. Antibody levels exceeded 700 ng for nine of 12 types. The GMAC for all 12 types was 927. In the nonvaccinated group, GMAC were slightly higher than seen with healthy younger persons (395 vs 217). It is concluded that elderly persons with COPD have adequate antibody titers for at least one year after vaccination. PMID- 6617280 TI - Prevention of lidocaine-infusion phlebitis by heparin and hydrocortisone. AB - Previous reports have suggested that infusions of lidocaine (lignocaine) cause a high incidence of phlebitis. We investigated the possibility of reducing this high incidence by the addition of small amounts of heparin or hydrocortisone (or both) to the infusate of lidocaine. One hundred patients with acute myocardial infarction who were to receive a 48-hour prophylactic infusion of lidocaine (2.25 mg/min) were randomized to have one of the following added to their infusate in double-blind fashion: (1) placebo; (2) heparin (4,000 units/24 hr); (3) hydrocortisone (20 mg/24 hr); or (4) heparin and hydrocortisone. After 48 hours the incidence of phlebitis was 94 percent in the control group but only 41 percent in the group receiving heparin and hydrocortisone (p less than 0.005). Had the infusion been stopped after 24 hours, the incidence of phlebitis would have been 56 percent in the group receiving placebo, but only 19 percent in the drug-treated groups (p less than 0.01). We conclude that infusion of lidocaine causes a high incidence of phlebitis which can be markedly reduced by adding heparin or hydrocortisone (or both) to the infusate and limiting the duration of the infusion in a given vein to 24 hours. PMID- 6617281 TI - Pulmonary resection of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. AB - Over a ten-year period, 44 patients with known primary renal cell cancer underwent thoracotomy for pulmonary metastases. The median postthoracotomy survival for all patients was 33 months. The five-year survival was 27 percent. Postthoracotomy survival was significantly better in those patients with a disease free interval of greater than 24 months and patients with metastatic lesions greater than or equal to 3 cm. No difference in survival was detected in patients with one versus more than one lesion or in patients undergoing complete resection versus incomplete resection or biopsy only. Age, sex, grade of tumor, or location of the pulmonary metastasis had no influence on survival. PMID- 6617282 TI - Thoracicoabdominal mechanics during resuscitation maneuvers. AB - The importance of intrathoracic pressure in generating blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation has recently been emphasized. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors involved in generating intrathoracic pressure. Studies were performed in anesthetized paralyzed dogs with the circulation intact. Balloon-tipped catheters were placed in the abdomen and esophagus for measurement of intra-abdominal and intrathoracic pressures and cannula placed in the airway for airway pressure. The following four maneuvers were studied: (1) chest compression with open airway; (2) chest compression with closed airway; (3) pulmonary inflation to transpulmonary pressure (TP) of 30 cm H2O (TP = 30); and (4) chest compression plus pulmonary inflation (TP = 30). We found that under static conditions, chest compression alone produced small positive intrathoracic pressures (9 +/- 8 cm H2O), but these could be increased by closing the airway pressure (18 +/- 6 cm H2O) or inflating the lungs (15 +/- 7 cm H2O). The combination of inflating the lung and compressing the chest produced the highest intrathoracic pressure (48 +/- 18 cm H2O; p less than 0.001). The pressure developed was highly variable and the distribution of pressures within the thorax was not uniform. As the intrathoracic pressure became large, a pressure gradient developed from thorax to abdomen, and the diaphragm everted; this pressure gradient could divert blood from the brain. PMID- 6617283 TI - Non-cardiac or cardiac pulmonary edema? A practical approach to clinical differentiation in critically ill patients. PMID- 6617284 TI - Shortening of R-PP interval by verapamil in reciprocating tachycardia. PMID- 6617285 TI - Spirometry. FEV1 vs FEF25-75 percent. PMID- 6617286 TI - Electrophysiologic testing in the diagnosis and management of cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 6617288 TI - Cavitation in acute histoplasmosis. AB - Cavitary lung lesions in histoplasmosis are usually associated with the chronic form of the disease. This report describes a ten-year-old boy with the clinical and serologic pattern of acute Histoplasma capsulatum infection who had multiple cavitary lesions. PMID- 6617287 TI - Right-sided native-valve endocarditis caused by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. AB - The clinical and echocardiographic features of a case of endocarditis due to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans uniquely involving the native tricuspid valve are presented. The importance of two-dimensional echocardiographic studies in the evaluation of patients with suspected endocarditis is emphasized. PMID- 6617289 TI - Surgical management of absent right pulmonary artery with associated pulmonary hypertension. AB - A critically ill 21-month-old girl with congenital absence of the right pulmonary artery and severe pulmonary hypertension and congestive heart failure underwent conduit restoration of flow to the right lung. This patient had marked clinical improvement and reduction in pulmonary hypertension and represents the second reported surgically-treated case for absent right pulmonary artery. Reestablishment of pulmonary artery continuity is therefore recommended when cardiac failure and pulmonary hypertension occurs. PMID- 6617290 TI - Radiation effect on implanted pacemakers. AB - It was previously thought that diagnostic or therapeutic ionizing radiation did not have an adverse effect on the function of cardiac pacemakers. Recently, however, some authors have reported damaging effect of the therapeutic radiation on cardiac pulse generators. An analysis of a recently-extracted pacemaker documented the effect of the radiation on the pacemaker pulse generator. PMID- 6617291 TI - Pulmonary embolectomy in the neonate. AB - Pulmonary embolectomy under cardiopulmonary bypass was performed on a six-day-old infant. The clinical presentation suggested cyanotic congenital heart disease secondary to pulmonary stenosis or atresia with intact ventricular septum. At operation, a large blood clot was found completely occluding a normal pulmonary valve. The use of prostaglandin E1 facilitated cardiac catheterization and emergency surgery. PMID- 6617292 TI - Determination of histamine PC20. Comparison of linear and logarithmic interpolation. PMID- 6617293 TI - Bedside calibration of pulmonary artery catheters. PMID- 6617294 TI - Pleural sporotrichosis. PMID- 6617295 TI - Use of povidone iodine for the management of post-pneumonectomy empyema. PMID- 6617296 TI - Terconazole - a new broad-spectrum antifungal. AB - Terconazole, a new triazole ketal, is found to be highly active in vitro on a wide range of yeasts and mycelium-forming fungi. The in vitro activity depends largely on the medium used. In vitro it is a potent antifungal agent in preventing the morphogenetic transformation of the yeast into the (pseudo )mycelium form of Candida albicans. In vivo terconazole is highly active in topical treatment of various experimental models of dermatophytosis and candidosis. It also possesses moderate oral broad-spectrum activity. No side effects were observed. PMID- 6617297 TI - Evaluation of lamoxactam in the treatment of severe bacterial infections. AB - We investigated the clinical efficiency and safety of lamoxactam for treatment of 28 episodes of infection in 26 adult patients (15 males and 11 females) whose ages ranged from 17 to 83 years (mean 48.7). 4 patients had 'ultimately fatal diseases' and the remaining 22 had 'nonfatal diseases'. The clinical condition at the beginning of treatment was 'critical' or 'poor' in 15 cases. Episodes of infection treated were: 14 intraabdominal, 9 bacteremia, 5 nephro-urinary, 3 osteomyelitis, and a miscellaneous group including pneumonia, soft tissue, parameningeal focus and infected V-P shunt. A total of 34 microorganisms were responsible for 25 episodes of infection. 15 and 10 episodes were mono- and polymicrobial, respectively. Isolated microorganisms included 13 aerobic facultative gram-negative bacillus, 5 facultative gram-positive cocci, and 16 anaerobes. Total dosage of lamoxactam administered by patient ranged from 24 to 234 g (mean 57.6 g), and mean duration of therapy was 15.2 days (range 8-42 days). The overall rate of clinical response to lamoxactam was excellent, amounting to 84% of episodes and 91% of patients. Local and general tolerance was good, and lamoxactam had to be discontinued only once during therapy due to an episode of neutropenia. Enterococcal colonization (5 of 26 patients, 19%) and superinfections (3 of 26 cases, 11.5%) were undesirably frequent in our patients. Lamoxactam seems to be an effective and safe single-agent therapy for many bacterial infections. The possibility of enterococcal colonization and superinfections should be monitored, specially in patients with urinary or intraabdominal infections. PMID- 6617298 TI - Group therapy for adopted adolescents and their families. PMID- 6617299 TI - Placing siblings together. PMID- 6617300 TI - TEAM: parent-agency partnership in adoption services. PMID- 6617301 TI - Update: adoption opportunities projects. PMID- 6617302 TI - Recruiting Hispanic families. PMID- 6617303 TI - One church, one child: placing children with special needs. PMID- 6617304 TI - Children's television viewing: attention and comprehension of auditory versus visual information. AB - This study examines the relationship between children's attention and comprehension of auditory and visual information on television. 60 5-year-olds viewed a videotape of "Sesame Street" and were then asked comprehension questions. Equal numbers of children viewed the television with (a) toys available to play with (the visual attention manipulation); (b) a record playing in the room (the auditory attention manipulation); or (c) no toys or record available (the control condition). All children viewed the same television sequence, which consisted of (a) visual segments, (b) auditory segments, and (c) mixed modality segments. The major results were that the children effectively distributed their attention such that they could process auditory and visual information from television while performing other activities. Further, the children were sensitive to which segments required visual attention and which did not, and they were able to spontaneously adjust their pattern of visual attention appropriately. These results indicate that children utilize a fairly sophisticated cognitive processing strategy while watching television. PMID- 6617305 TI - Length of day-care attendance and attachment behavior in eighteen-month-old infants. AB - Differences in the attachment behavior of 18-month-old full-time, part-time, and non-day-care infants from intact middle-class homes were compared. Mothers of the day-care infants had made arrangements to return to work before their infants' birth, and all the infants had been placed in day-care homes before 9 months of age. The study involved 2 sessions: a home observation and the strange-situation procedure in a laboratory setting. The home-observation and rating scale scores of maternal behaviors directed at the child yielded few group differences. More full-time day-care children (but not part-time children) were found to display avoidance of the mother during the final reunion episode of the strange-situation procedure than did non-day-care children. The length of the daily separation appears to be an important determinant of day-care effects on infant-mother attachment. PMID- 6617306 TI - The triple X chromosome syndrome in childhood: recent empirical findings. AB - This study addresses the issue of the relationship between intellectual ability and the X chromosome. It involves a sample of 11 girls ranging in age from 8 to 11 years who were identified at birth as having an extra X chromosome through a screening program for sex chromosome abnormalities. The purpose was to examine their performance on verbal, nonverbal, and memory tasks. The first study compared triple X girls with their normal siblings on standardized ability tasks. The results revealed markedly lower verbal skills in the extra X girls as well as a short-term memory deficit for sequentially ordered auditory information. The second study compared triple X subjects to age-matched normal girls on laboratory based tasks of verbal and spatial information processing. The results revealed greater impairments with the verbal than the spatial task. The third study, which dealt with their recall abilities, involved comparing triple X girls with age- and ability-matched female controls on a wide variety of short-term memory tasks. The results showed that the triple X girls were markedly inferior in their performance on these tasks, indicating a rehearsal deficit, an inability to use list structures, and weaker language skills. The results are discussed in terms of the influence of various biological factors in mediating the deficits observed. PMID- 6617307 TI - Infant perception of correlations among attributes. AB - Infants' sensitivity to correlations or co-occurrences among attributes may play a role in abilities ranging from pattern or object recognition to category formation. The present set of experiments investigated 4-, 7-, and 10-month-old infants' ability to perceive and base novelty responses on correlations among perceptual attributes in a category-like context (i.e., with the correlation embedded in a set of discriminable stimuli). In a habituation-dishabituation paradigm, 10-month-old infants clearly responded on the basis of the correlation among attributes. In contrast, 4- and 7-month-old infants responded primarily on the basis of specific featural information, but did not respond reliably to the correlation. It is suggested that the sensitivity to correlated attributes demonstrated by 10-month-old infants may have implications for the processes underlying the infants' categorization abilities. PMID- 6617308 TI - The perception of facial expressions and stimulus motion by two- and five-month old infants using holographic stimuli. AB - 3 experiments were conducted in which holograms of faces were used in an attempt to expand our current knowledge of infant face perception. 5-month-old infants in the first experiment were asked to discriminate a change in facial expression and pose displayed in a holographic stereogram that either moved or remained stationary. The experimental group did not show evidence of discrimination when compared to a control group. In addition, there was no preference on the part of infants to attend more to the moving face. 2-month-old infants were tested in a second experiment on an identical discrimination task, using only the moving hologram. Unlike the older infants, the 2-month-olds succeeded in discriminating the change in expression/pose. In the final experiment, the contributions of motion to face recognition were explored in 5-month-old infants using the same hologram as in the first 2 experiments. There was again no evidence to suggest that infants preferred (in any absolute sense) the moving face. There was strong evidence, however, that motion contrasts (i.e., the starting and stopping of motion), and not motion per se, facilitate face recognition. These results are discussed, as is the potential of using holography to study face perception and other perceptual skills in infancy. PMID- 6617309 TI - Social referencing at ten months: a second-order effect on infants' responses to strangers. AB - 1 pathway through which second-order effects may proceed is social referencing, a process in which the individual utilizes another's interpretation when appraising a situation. This phenomenon is well identified in adults and older children. There are indications that the necessary cognitive and social skills for social referencing may emerge in the second half of the first year. 87 10-month-old boys and girls received positive or neutral nonverbal messages, or no message, about a stranger either directly from the mother when she spoke to the infant, or indirectly when the infant observed her speaking to the stranger. Infants were friendlier to the stranger when the mothers had spoken positively rather than neutrally, but only when the message had been provided directly to the infants. This effect was especially strong for infants of easy temperament classification. These results are discussed with regard to the process of social referencing and alternative explanations as well. PMID- 6617310 TI - Very young children's memory for the location of objects in a large-scale environment. AB - 2 experiments were carried out to investigate 18- to 30-month-old children's memory for the location of a hidden object. In the first experiment, young children were observed in 2 different memory-for-location tasks, both conducted in their own homes. In 1, a toy was hidden in a natural location, and in the other it was hidden in one of a set of boxes with picture cues on top of them. Memory performance was significantly better when the toy was hidden within the natural environment. The effect of different types of hiding locations was examined further in the second experiment. No age differences were found when an object was hidden either in the natural environment or in 1 of a set of unmarked boxes (although performance was better in the former condition). However, in the third condition the older subjects (24-30 months) effectively used a landmark cue (a nearby piece of furniture) to help them remember in which plain box a toy had been hidden, but the young subjects (18-22 months) did not profit from such potential cues. The results, as well as some previous research with delayed response tasks, were interpreted as reflecting developmental changes in very young children's ability to exploit available cues. The pattern of results suggested the possibility that 2-year-old children are capable of a simple form of mnemonic strategy, actively associating an available cue with the information to be remembered. PMID- 6617311 TI - Information processed from brief visual displays by learning-disabled boys. AB - The spans of apprehension of learning-disabled and normal boys were compared by means of a forced-choice letter-recognition task involving tachistoscopic exposures of letter displays. This task provides an estimate of the span that is relatively insensitive to memory or motivational influences. In Experiment 1, the spans of learning-disabled and normal boys were compared under 4 information conditions: with no noise letters present or with 2, 4, or 8 noise letters present. Experiments 2-4 examined 3 possible interpretations of the deficit in the span of apprehension observed for learning-disabled boys in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, the possibility that the noise letters were more distracting for learning-disabled boys was examined by varying the amount of physical similarity and redundancy between the signal and noise letters. In Experiment 3, the possibility that the visual afterimage of the letter displays faded more rapidly for the learning-disabled boys was examined. In Experiment 4, the possibility that the learning-disabled boys were slower to pick up information from the decaying afterimages was examined. The results of these three experiments indicated that the decreased spans of apprehension observed for the learning disabled boys in Experiment 1 resulted either from greater distractiveness or from the slower pickup of information, or both. The implications for visual training are discussed. PMID- 6617312 TI - Cognitive and neuropsychological test performance of persons with abnormalities of adolescent development: a test of Waber's hypothesis. AB - 20 children with idiopathic precocious puberty, 27 adolescents with clinically delayed puberty, and an equivalent number of controls matched for age, sex, and IQ were given a battery of tests. These included measures of verbal and spatial abilities and a task assessing hemispheric lateralization using a dichotic listening procedure. Comparisons with matched controls revealed poorer verbal and spatial abilities for precocious males and poorer verbal, but better spatial, abilities for precocious females. Delayed developing males demonstrated superior verbal skills compared with controls, whereas delayed developing females did more poorly than controls in both verbal and spatial areas. On the dichotic task, the only group differing from controls was the delayed developing males, who demonstrated stronger lateral asymmetries. It was suggested that the present findings, which are not consistent with those of former investigations, may reflect methodological differences between studies and the disruptive influence of atypical pubertal onset on normal patterns of sex difference in cognitive functioning. PMID- 6617313 TI - [Temperature-sensitive mutant of influenza virus: isolation and evaluation in mice]. AB - A provisional temperature-sensitive mutant, ProTs8, of influenza A/WSN (H0N1) virus was isolated from primary chicken embryo fibroblast culture inoculated with influenza A/WSN (H0N1) and incubated with medium 199, containing 2% chicken embryo extract, and 400 micrograms/ml of 5-fluorouracil. Its EOP (efficiency of plaquing) value between 39.5 degrees C and 33 degrees C was about 0.007, and the control was about 0.82. Through lowering the shut-off-temperature to 38 degrees C, we had successfully isolated two temperature-sensitive mutants, Ts8-38 and Ts8 37, from their parent, ProTs8. 50% mouse virulent doses (MVD50) of these two mutants were around 10(-0.6), while the control group was 10(-4.0). Groups of mice immunized with 0.4 MVD50 or 0.04 MVD50 of Ts8-38 or Ts8-37 mutant by nasal instillation had shown significant resistance to the challenging infection of the wild type virus, influenza A/WSN (H0N1) (challenge dose, 1,000 MVD50 or 100 MVD50), if compared to the control group. PMID- 6617314 TI - [Immunodiagnosis of rabbit clonorchiasis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay]. AB - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was successfully applied to the immunodiagnosis of parasitic disease in 1974 by Engvall and Perlmann. In our study, this technic was used to test rabbits infected with Chonorchis sinensis metacercariae experimentally. The optimal conditions for the test were determined and summarized as follows: 1. The optimal concentration of VBS antigen was 4 micrograms/ml, showing the highest O.D. in the detection of ELISA test. 2. Four hundred-fold diluted alkaline phosphatase conjugated goat antirabbit IgG (Sigma company) was selected for the test. 3. One hundred times diluted sera of 15 pre infected rabbits were tested by ELISA and their mean and standard deviation of O.D. was 0.083 +/- 0.004, which was used as the cut-off value for testing post infected rabbits. Fifteen rabbits were divided into two groups. Group A and B rabbits were infected one hundred and three hundred metacercariae respectively. Sera and stools were collected from all rabbits before and after infection. In serum examination, antibody was detectable by ELISA test during seven and twenty one and twenty-eight days after infection. Optical density of fifteen infected rabbits detected by ELISA was significantly higher than before infection. ELISA test was successfully applied to the immunodiagnosis of Clonorchis sinensis infected rabbits. PMID- 6617315 TI - [Evaluation of the GNF computer-coding system for the identification of non fermentative Gram-negative bacilli]. AB - In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the GNF computer-coding system for the identification of glucose non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli, we employed 406 strains of bacteria including 367 clinical isolates and 39 standard strains for testing. These strains were inoculated into the following eleven conventional biochemical test media: Triple Sugar Iron Agar, Simmon's Citrate Agar, Christensen's Urea Agar, Sulfide-Indole-Motility Medium, Semisolid Voges Proskauer Test Medium, Moeller's Ornithine Decarboxylase Test Medium, Pyocyanin Test Medium, Oxidation/Fermentation (O/F) Glucose, O/F Fructose, Nitrate Broth, Moeller's Arginine Dihydrolase Test Medium. The results of these tests plus those from the hanging drop motility test and the oxidase test were converted into bacterial code number and then checked with the GNF computer-coding system. It was found that the first preference of agreement was 75.6%, second 15.3%, third 5.9%, and fourth or more 3.2%. In regard to the speed of bacterial identification by using the GNF system and information from hemolysis pattern and flagella stain, it was indicated that 84.7% would be correctly identified within 36-48 hours after isolation. If more confirmational tests were employed, the accurate identification rate would reach to 98.7% after 4 days of isolation. In addition, the use of the GNF computer-coding system can standardize identification procedures, shorten the identification period, and save cost in terms of materials supply, inoculation time, media preparation and media-storing space. Therefore, we conclude that the GNF computer-coding system is an effective tool in the identification of the glucose non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli. PMID- 6617316 TI - Immunopathological diagnosis of plasma-cell dyscrasia. Part II. "Secondary" monoclonal gammopathy. AB - Two cases of secondary plasma-cell dyscrasia are presented: one is of undetermined cause and the other is due to hepatic schistosomiasis. Both of the patients showed a prominent IgG monoclonal spikes of more than 3000 mg/dl. One of them had multiple osteolytic bone lesions and pathological fractures, and histopathological picture showed a chronic inflammatory process. An additional case of marked polyclonal gammopathy due to schistosomiasis is also presented to illustrate the immunochemical differential between the physiological and altered immune responses. Schistosomiasis is postulated to be an important immunopathological cause of plasma-cell dyscrasia. PMID- 6617317 TI - [Is non-surgical treatment of fractures of both malleoli permitted in 1982?]. PMID- 6617318 TI - [Degenerative-deforming processes in the ankle joint after fractures of the malleoli]. PMID- 6617319 TI - [Indications for the surgical treatment of injuries of the cervical spine by the anterior approach]. PMID- 6617320 TI - [Problems of surgical stabilization in injuries of the cervical spine]. PMID- 6617321 TI - [Complex treatment of patients with spinal cord injuries including specialized dispensary care]. PMID- 6617322 TI - [Treatment of infected pseudarthroses by external fixation and temporary implantation of gentamicin chains]. PMID- 6617323 TI - [Nonspecific osteomyelitis after alloarthroplasty of the hip]. PMID- 6617324 TI - [Complications of hip alloplasty conducted in a conventional operating room]. PMID- 6617325 TI - [High "plus" osteotomy of the tibia in the treatment of gonarthrosis]. PMID- 6617326 TI - [Endoprosthesis in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6617327 TI - [Arthroplasty of the knee with polycentric endoprosthesis]. PMID- 6617328 TI - [Effect of pulsating magnetic fields on the healing of long bone fractures in rats]. PMID- 6617329 TI - [Remote results of treatment of congenital hip dislocation using Salter's continuous traction and pelvic osteotomy]. PMID- 6617330 TI - [Laws of physiological bone growth based on the example of renormalization of the femur neck-shaft angle after hip varization and valgization]. PMID- 6617331 TI - [Osteotomy with bone lengthening in the treatment of a hip joint abnormality caused by aseptic necrosis of the femur head]. PMID- 6617332 TI - [Mineralogical and chemical analysis of the human femur during aging]. PMID- 6617333 TI - [Foot changes as affected by mechanical stress in relation to sex and age]. PMID- 6617334 TI - [Surgery of metastases in the abdominal organs]. PMID- 6617335 TI - [Lung metastases--value of resection in the oncological therapy concept]. PMID- 6617336 TI - [Early roentgen control following total gastrectomy]. AB - Detection of a ruptured suture is of primary importance in the early postoperative X-ray examination after total gastrectomy. We try to improve the diagnostic information by a modification of the exploration technique. Water soluble contrast medium is applied via the indwelling gastric tube. Optimal visualisation of the anastomosis area is attained by changing the position of the tip of the tube under fluoroscopy. The results of 67 tube examination are analyzed. PMID- 6617337 TI - [Therapy of severe dysphagia following proximal gastric vagotomy]. AB - Severe dysphagia is a rare complication of proximal gastric vagotomy. Two of our patients developed severe dysphagia up to complete obstruction. They got symptom free after 4 or 5 bouginages. It is of greatest importance to avoid operating on those patients who show signs of post-vagotomy dysphagia unless repeated bouginage has been performed. On one patient we used a newly designed bougie which allows dilation by complete endoscopic control. PMID- 6617338 TI - [Post-traumatic cholecystitis]. AB - Post-traumatic cholecystitis occurs mostly in young males 8-16 days after severe injury. Gallstones are of no importance in its pathogenesis. Circulatory shock causes severe damage to the small bowel and the liver, particles of the destroyed cells becoming endogenous toxins. Presumably an increased excretion of lysosomal proteases in the biliary duct takes place. This excretion reaches the gallbladder via the accessory ducts and may cause necrosis. Pain in the right upper quadrant, septic temperature and an increase of leucocytes, bilirubin and gamma-GT in the serum suggest this complication. PMID- 6617339 TI - [Compression syndrome of the celiac trunk]. AB - Compression syndrome of the celiac trunk or Dunbar's syndrome is usually caused by an overly large medial arcuate ligament of the diaphragm. Symptoms are postprandial periumbilical pain, the pathogenesis of which, in spite of abundant collateralization of the celiac trunk, has not yet been clarified. The diagnosis should be established by elimination via lateral aortography. Therapy consists of incision of the ligament, creation of a aorto-celiac bypass, or reinsertion of the celiac trunk. Treatment, however, is successful in only 41% of the operated patients. PMID- 6617340 TI - [Interstitial inguinal hernia in the infant]. AB - Two infants aged four and eight weeks required an operation for an interstitial inguinal hernia. The clinical picture of this rare form of hernia is characteristic. There is a swelling in the abdominal wall between the internal inguinal ring and the anterior superior iliac spine. In addition there is almost always an ectopic testis on the affected side. Incidence, clinical picture and anatomy of the interstitial hernia are discussed. PMID- 6617341 TI - [Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration in acute postoperative and post traumatic kidney failure]. AB - Acute renal failure of 40 patients with polytrauma or abdominal surgery was treated by continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration. The excretory function of the kidney could be replaced by the method. Spontaneous urine excretion recurred in five patients after an interval of 11.3 days. The best survival rate was in patients with acute renal failure after bleeding shock. Contrary to the conventional hemodialysis no special personal or apparatus besides the hemofilter is necessary. Thus, continuous hemofiltration is not withheld from patients that can not be moved to dialysis. PMID- 6617342 TI - [Is preventive epilation following sacral dermoid operation useful or ineffective?]. AB - Following operation for pilonidal sinus, 79 patients were followed up for 1-10 years. The ratio male/female was 6 to 1. The majority of the patients had overweight. After primary closure of the wound, 62% healed without and 38% with infection. There were 15 recurrencies (19%) noted in this series. Consequent regular epilation was advised following the operation. One half of all patients neglected our recommendation and only 2/3 of the remaining patients practiced this regularly for a shorter or longer period of time. There were more recurrencies among the patients with regular epilation than the others who neglected epilation. In our study the practice of consequent regular epilation was not successful in preventing recurrent pilonidal sinus. PMID- 6617343 TI - [Acute reactive cholecystitis--sonographic objectivation of findings]. PMID- 6617344 TI - [Legal requirements in the use of assistant physicians in specialist education]. PMID- 6617345 TI - DNA sequence divergence in the Drosophila virilis group. AB - DNA sequence divergence was analyzed in some sibling species of the Drosophila virilis group. Clones comprising about 0.1% of the genome DNA were selected at random from a D. virilis library for a comparative study on DNA from D. lummei, D. novamexicana, D. borealis, and D. lacicola. Blot hybridization experiments indicated that about 70% of DNA from D. lummei and D. novamexicana and less than 50% of DNA from D. borealis and D. lacicola share sequences that are homologous to DNA in D. virilis. This finding is in excellent agreement with the genealogical tree based on cytological studies (Throckmorton 1982). - Four plasmids with inserts which are present in one or a few copies per genome were hybridized in situ to polytene chromosomes. These experiments demonstrate that (1) homologous "unique" DNA sequences are localized exclusively in homologous bands and (2) homologous bands that appear to be identical in different species may contain different DNA sequences. PMID- 6617346 TI - Human telomeric 6; 19 translocation chromosome with a tendency to break at the fusion point. PMID- 6617347 TI - [Correlative study between the average flow-volume curve and instantaneous flow volume curve and their clinical application]. PMID- 6617348 TI - [Diagnosis of peripheral lung cancers with lung biopsy and brushing via fiberoptic bronchoscopy under fluoroscopic television]. PMID- 6617349 TI - [Preliminary experimental observations on adult respiratory distress syndrome- correlation between pulmonary morphology and function]. PMID- 6617350 TI - [Clinical application of the sinus node recovery time and its comparison with the atropine test]. PMID- 6617351 TI - [Re-evaluation of heart sounds and murmurs in rheumatic mitral stenosis]. PMID- 6617352 TI - [Further observation of the significance of urinary C3 assay in the diagnosis and treatment of glomerular diseases]. PMID- 6617353 TI - [Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography: its improvement and development]. PMID- 6617354 TI - [Acute pituitary vascular accident (pituitary apoplexy)]. PMID- 6617355 TI - [Clinical and histopathological findings in fulminant hepatitis]. PMID- 6617356 TI - [Some problems in diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6617357 TI - [Emergency treatment of acute respiratory failure]. PMID- 6617358 TI - [Ambulatory care of patients with mental disorders--review of the work performed at a general hospital outpatient department]. PMID- 6617359 TI - [30-year retrospective epidemiological study on cerebrovascular diseases in the Luwan District of Shanghai]. PMID- 6617360 TI - [Follow-up study of 306 cases of cerebral apoplexy]. PMID- 6617361 TI - [Pathological changes and clinical features of hypothalamic lesions in cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage]. PMID- 6617362 TI - [A clinical analysis of 92 cases of cisternal arachnoiditis]. PMID- 6617363 TI - [Late prognosis and recurrence of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage--a follow up study of 123 cases]. PMID- 6617364 TI - [Direct intracranial operation of aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery]. PMID- 6617365 TI - [Microsurgical and anatomical study of the middle meningeal and middle cerebral arteries]. PMID- 6617366 TI - [Primary intracranial neuroblastoma of the olfactory nerve--report of 2 cases]. PMID- 6617367 TI - [Electroencephalographic analysis of 53 cases of intracranial hematoma]. PMID- 6617368 TI - [Rational use of psychotropic drugs]. PMID- 6617369 TI - [Treatment of 326 cases of schizophrenia with domestic penfluridol]. PMID- 6617370 TI - [Qualitative testing of mutagenicity of psychotropic drugs using the Salmonella microsome system]. PMID- 6617371 TI - [Familial study of patients with psychosis, epilepsy and mental retardation]. PMID- 6617372 TI - [Side-to-side mesocaval shunt in portal hypertension]. PMID- 6617373 TI - [Clinical observations on selective distal splenorenal shunt]. PMID- 6617374 TI - [Splenocaval shunts in the treatment of portal hypertension]. PMID- 6617375 TI - [Hemodynamic studies of spleno-caval shunt]. PMID- 6617376 TI - [Intrahepatic portal arterialization associated with portacaval shunt: a preliminary experimental report]. PMID- 6617377 TI - [Allotransplantation of freeze-dried vessels in dogs]. PMID- 6617378 TI - [Artificial esophagus: an experimental study]. PMID- 6617379 TI - [Application of computed tomography in orthopedic disorders of the trunk]. PMID- 6617380 TI - [Diagnosis of myocardial injuries following open heart surgery]. PMID- 6617381 TI - [Repair of a chest wall defect secondary to resection of malignant osseous lesions]. PMID- 6617382 TI - [Acute suppurative mediastinitis]. PMID- 6617383 TI - [Peripheral aneurysm: analysis of 65 cases]. PMID- 6617384 TI - [Long-term results in dislocation of the knee]. PMID- 6617385 TI - [Irradiation injury of the skin: analysis of 80 cases]. PMID- 6617386 TI - [Management of wound infections in electric burns of the forearm with early vascular grafting]. PMID- 6617387 TI - [Causes and prevention of leakage from pancreatojejunostomy complicating pancreatoduodenectomy]. PMID- 6617388 TI - [Thromboangiitis obliterans treated by lumbar sympathectomy and subtotal adrenalectomy]. PMID- 6617389 TI - [Improved 4-valve partial nephrectomy]. PMID- 6617390 TI - Elastic and inelastic light scattering in flow cytometry. AB - A review of the fundamental aspects of elastic light scattering suggests that information about the shape and internal structure may best be obtained from signals measured in the backscattering directions. Size information can be most readily extracted from forward scattering signals. Spectral analysis of scattered signals with incident white light is a subject that merits further study. Signals from cells that have been stained with fluorescent dyes are proportional to dye content in the usual flow-cytometric configuration except in the case of dense, strongly anisometric structures such as sperm cells. The recent discovery that Raman signals from molecules adsorbed on small silver particles are strongly enhanced suggests the possibility of utilizing this effect for identification of molecular species inside biological cells. PMID- 6617391 TI - Multistation multiparameter flow cytometry: some influences of instrumental factors on system performance. PMID- 6617392 TI - DNA cytometry on four-micrometer sections of paraffin-embedded human renal adenocarcinomas and adenomas. PMID- 6617393 TI - Cell surface antigens reacting with antiretrovirus sera on normal mouse spleen cells: a flow cytometric study. AB - The development of erythroleukemia in Balb/c mice injected with Rauscher leukemia virus has been followed by indirect immunofluorescence technique and flow cytometry, using antiserum against disrupted of virions. The progression of the disease was accompanied by a great increase in the number of large, immunofluorescence positive cells. A subpopulation of normal spleen cells was also highly positive. The expression of the antigens in normal cells was examined in relation to the cell cycle. The majority of the S-G2/M phase cells were found in the antigen positive compartment of larger cells. A two-color analysis of immunofluorescence and DNA content revealed that the distribution of antigen expression in G1 phase was broad, gradually decreasing from a low-intensity mode. The cell with double DNA content distributed evenly around a modus of five-fold higher intensity. In experiments with stimulated bone-marrow cells, superiority of S-phase cells in anti-Rauscher serum binding was found. Cell-surface gp70 antigen is suggested to be involved in this cell-cycle dependent binding of antibodies by normal cells. PMID- 6617394 TI - Ligand/receptor internalization: a kinetic, flow cytometric analysis of the internalization of N-formyl peptides by human neutrophils. AB - Fluorescence flow cytometry was used to measure the internalization of the fluorescent ligand N-formyl-nle-leu-phe-nle-tyr-lys-fluorescein by human neutrophils. The internalization process was monitored by the accessibility of the receptor-bound fluorescent ligand to quenching following a change in the pH of the extracellular medium from 7.4 to 3.0. In such a pH change, extracellular ligand or fluorescein are quenched immediately (excitation 488 nm). In contrast, intracellular fluorescein (derived from fluorescein diacetate) or intracellular ligand are quenched with half-times of approximately 20 or approximately 40 sec, respectively, at 37 degrees C. The fraction of internalized ligand is calculated by resolving the fast and slow components of the quenching process. Temporal resolution of the internalization process in this system depends upon two factors. We have previously shown that it is possible to examine essentially continuously the kinetics of ligand binding in the nM concentration range without removing the free ligand (Sklar LA, Finney DA, Cytometry 3:161, 1982). We have now modified a Becton Dickinson FACS IV sample head assembly to permit direct addition of reagents into the cell suspension while on-line. This enables us to change the suspension pH and evaluate internalization with a time resolution of a few seconds. We observe that internalized ligand can be detected within 1 min and that the rate is proportional to the number of receptors occupied. The rate is essentially linear over the first few minutes and approximately 60% of the receptor-bound ligand is internalized after 3 min. PMID- 6617395 TI - Flow-cytometric monitoring of intracellular flavins simultaneously with NAD(P)H levels. AB - A cytofluorimeter is described, using the combination of Argon UV (351-363 nm) and Argon Blue (488 nm) lasers. The dual excitation makes it possible to monitor simultaneously the redox state of flavins and NAD(P)H as indicative of cell metabolic state. Light scatter, absorption, and staining with exogenous fluorescent dyes can add additional information. Thus, a five-parameter flow analysis becomes possible. The present paper describes flavin and NAD(P)H measurements on isolated rat liver cells and mouse bone marrow. PMID- 6617396 TI - A practical graphical method for estimating the fraction of cells in S in DNA histograms from clinical tumor samples containing aneuploid cell populations. AB - A graphical method for the analysis of unperturbed DNA histograms is presented in which the area of the normalized histogram subtended by the fraction of cells in S is represented by a trapezoid whose dimensions are dependent on features common to all such histograms. The technique takes measurement variability into account. This method was applied to a variety of synthetic DNA histograms. Overall, calculated values for the fraction of cells in S correlated well with actual values. This method was applied to 36 diploid cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma; results correlated well with those obtained by a computer-based method. The results of the graphical-method were also highly reproducible between different observers. The graphical method can be used in the presence of aneuploid cell populations. Techniques for calculating S fractions in the presence of aneuploidy in clinical samples are described. These techniques were applied to synthetic histograms of mixed diploid and aneuploid populations. Calculated values correlated well with actual values. PMID- 6617398 TI - A differential amplifier circuit for reducing noise in axial light loss measurements. AB - Simplified electronics have been developed for reducing laser excitation source light intensity fluctuations in flow cytometric axial light loss (extinction) measurements. By continuously monitoring the laser output with a photodiode detector and combining it with the axial light loss signal from a second detector using a high-speed differential amplifier, background interference is reduced 10 to 40 dB. Oscilloscope waveforms and frequency distribution histograms recorded from uniform-size polystyrene latex spheres and human mononuclear blood cells are used to illustrate the noise reduction capabilities. PMID- 6617397 TI - Parametric analysis of histograms measured in flow cytometry. AB - Flow cytometric histograms frequently consist of several components that show various degrees of overlap. For many types of analysis it is of great importance to decompose the original histogram into its components. To that purpose, we investigated the maximum likelihood approach in detail. It is shown that the iterative method to solve the maximum likelihood equations is well behaved for a variety of initial values. Algorithms to obtain initial values are presented, and the performance of the method is tested when applied to the analysis of DNA measurements from heterogeneous cell populations that differ with respect to DNA content. PMID- 6617399 TI - Pancreatic polypeptide secretion. A marker for disturbed pancreatic function in cystic fibrosis. AB - Pancreatic polypeptide, a 36-amino peptide, is released from the pancreas by a variety of stimuli, including intravenous Boots secretin. Studies in a generalized destructive and inflammatory process such as chronic pancreatitis have revealed a markedly diminished response to stimulation. To assess whether pancreatic polypeptide release in response to Boots secretin provides a useful measure of pancreatic destruction in cystic fibrosis, 41 patients with proven cystic fibrosis, aged 14 months-23 years, and seven control subjects, aged 18-24 years were studied. Serum pancreatic polypeptide, measured by radioimmunoassay, rose from a basal of 18.5 +/- 2.7 pmol/liter to a peak of 35.6 +/- 4.3 pmol/liter at 5 min in cystic fibrosis, and from a basal of 10.8 +/- 2.8 pmol/liter to a 5 min peak of 109 +/- 27.7 pmol/liter in control subjects. The basal levels of both groups were similar but the cystic fibrosis patients had a significantly lower peak response than controls (P less than 0.05). The peak over basal pancreatic polypeptide ratio was calculated and was less than five in 93% of cystic fibrosis patients, whereas all control subjects had a ratio greater than five. Pancreatic polypeptide measurements in response to secretin may be a convenient and useful means of following the course of pancreatic disease in a chronic illness such as cystic fibrosis. PMID- 6617400 TI - Pancreatitis as initial presentation of cystic fibrosis in young adults. A report of two cases. AB - Because of marked improvement in diagnosis and management, cystic fibrosis is now more frequently noted in young adults, many of whom have only mild clinical forms. Pancreatitis is a known complication of cystic fibrosis and may occur at any time in the course of the disease; in rare instances, pancreatitis is the first presenting manifestation. The physician faced with a young adult with pancreatitis should consider cystic fibrosis in the differential diagnosis. We describe two young adults who presented with recurrent abdominal pain in whom the diagnosis of pancreatitis preceded the recognition of cystic fibrosis. PMID- 6617401 TI - Simultaneous mechanisms on exocrine pancreatic secretion initiated by alcohol in the conscious dog. AB - Modifications of pancreatic secretion induced by the infusion of alcohol were investigated in seven Thomas fistula dogs. Acute intravenous injections of low doses of alcohol induced a significant increase of all parameters of pancreatic secretion. On the contrary the acute intravenous injection of high doses of alcohol induced a significant decrease of pancreatic secretion. A prolonged alcohol intravenous infusion producing a stable blood alcohol level provoked at first a decrease of pancreatic secretion, significant only for protein output, followed by a significant increase of all parameters of pancreatic secretion. A spontaneous return to prealcohol values of pancreatic secretion was observed in all cases even if the blood alcohol level remained high and stable and despite four hours of experimentation. Upon the background of a stable blood alcohol level, pentolinium did not suppress alcohol-induced stimulation of water and bicarbonate outputs but did abolish the postalcohol changes in protein secretion. Furthermore, atropine abolished all postalcohol changes in pancreatic secretion. Consequently, there are two responses (inhibition and stimulation) to alcohol which coexist in normal dogs. They are related to the blood alcohol levels and are transitory. These responses involve the vagus nerves. Alcohol appears to stimulate the exocrine pancreas through receptors at different levels of the nervous system. PMID- 6617402 TI - Prostaglandin cytoprotection. Prostaglandin does not protect against aspirin- or alcohol-induced red blood cell hemolysis. AB - The hypothesis that prostaglandin cytoprotection involves cell membrane stabilization was tested in vitro using rat erythrocytes. Low concentrations of sodium acetylsalicylate, 0.02, 0.2, 2.0, and 20 mM, inhibited hypotonic hemolysis of red blood cell suspensions. While 35, 140, and 280 mM sodium acetylsalicylate had no hemolytic effect, 560 mM caused marked hemolysis. The prostaglandin E2 analog, 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2, 0.4 X 10(-3), 10(-4), and 10(-5) M concentrations, did not alter this hemolysis. Fourteen percent ethanol caused red cell hemolysis, and this was unaffected by the prostaglandin. The findings do not support the hypothesis. PMID- 6617403 TI - Ascites progressing to an abdominal mass due to extramedullary hematopoiesis in a patient with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (AMM). AB - We report a patient with long-standing agnogenic myeloid metaplasia who developed ascites which progressed over 6 months to a massive solid peritoneal mass as a consequence of intraperitoneal extra-medullary hematopoiesis. The clinical and radiographic features of this unusual case are presented. PMID- 6617404 TI - Bilirubin-displacing effect of furosemide and sulfisoxazole. An in vitro and in vivo study in neonatal serum. AB - Sulfisoxazole and furosemide, 0.1-1.0 mM, both decreased reserve albumin concentration for bilirubin binding in pooled cord serum as estimated by rate of dialysis of 14C-monoacetyl-diamino-diphenylsulfone (MADDS) in undiluted serum at 37 degrees C. Peroxidase oxidation at a bilirubin:albumin ratio of 0.5 also showed that both drugs were capable of displacing bilirubin in vitro when added in molar excess of the albumin present. However, when aliquots of the same treated sera which had been used undiluted in the MADDS assay were diluted 40 fold and titrated with bilirubin and peroxidase, no drug-related increase in free bilirubin or decrease in reserve albumin could be shown. In vivo administration of 1 mg/kg furosemide showed no change in total bilirubin or reserve albumin by the MADDS technique in 8 infants. Estimation of the peak plasma level theoretically achievable with 1 mg/kg of furosemide suggests that peak plasma levels achieved with that dose are probably not high enough to produce significant reduction of reserve albumin, in agreement with the in vivo findings. In testing neonatal serum for bilirubin displacement by drugs, the choice of method, drug concentration, and dilution of the sample may influence the interpretation of results. PMID- 6617405 TI - Effect of protein depletion and intrauterine growth retardation on rat hepatic drug metabolism. AB - The effect of intrauterine malnutrition in rats on in vivo and in vitro drug metabolism at weaning was investigated. We have employed two experimental designs to produce intrauterine malnutrition, maternal dietary protein depletion starting at day 7 of gestation and unilateral ligation of the uterine artery on day 17 of gestation. At birth cross-fostering of newborns was done, experimental and control group of litters raised separately until weaning (21 days of age). Both methods produced offspring with lower body and liver weights and these changes were present at weaning. However, only in the protein-restricted group were significant differences for liver:body weight ratio and hepatic microsomal protein content observed. Liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 and b5 contents were significantly decreased in small animals from mothers with intrauterine vessels ligated but not in the prenatal protein-restricted group. A significant increase in aminopyrine N-demethylase and a decrease in aniline hydroxylase enzyme activities was observed in both experimental groups. No significant differences were found in reductive or conjugative pathways of drug metabolism. Hexobarbital sleeping time was significantly increased in weanling animals from the prenatal protein-restricted mothers but not in the uterine-vessels-ligated group. These results suggest that maternal malnutrition may play an important role in modulation of postnatal drug metabolism pattern of progeny. PMID- 6617406 TI - Maternal, fetal, and neonatal elimination of ethanol in nonhuman primates. AB - Three cynomolgus and 6 rhesus monkeys (106-160 days gestational age) were administered ethanol (0.8-1.5 g/kg i.v.) over a 30-min period. Blood samples were drawn under anesthesia from catheters in the maternal femoral artery, fetal umbilical circulation and/or neonatal umbilical artery. Comparison of maternal/fetal blood sample pairs from 60 to 300 min after initiation of the ethanol infusion revealed a significant correlation of blood ethanol concentration (r = 0.968, p less than 0.001). Thus, during the elimination phase, maternal blood ethanol concentrations are predictive of fetal blood ethanol concentrations. In three studies where the fetus was delivered 2 h after the infusion of ethanol, the neonatal rates of elimination were observed to be approximately 1/4 those of the mother. These data indicate that during the last third of nonhuman primate pregnancy, the maternal component of ethanol elimination appears to be the predominant factor in the overall rate of fetal ethanol elimination. PMID- 6617407 TI - Screening of 16 common therapeutic drugs. Possible association with the Ah locus. AB - 16 common therapeutic agents were screened for differences in sedation or lethality between C57BL/6N and DBA/2N inbred mouse strains that had been previously treated with beta-naphthoflavone. No differences were observed for meprobamate, valium, promethazine, valproic acid, lincomycin, imipramine, terbutaline, propoxyphene, nitrofurantoin, amphotericin B, or diphenhydramine. C57BL/6N mice appeared to be more resistant than DBA/2N mice to the lethal effects of isoxsuprine, niridazole, pentazocine, isoniazid, and hydralazine. None of these latter five drugs had any capacity to displace [3H-1,6]2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin from the liver cytosolic Ah receptor in C57BL/6N mice. With the use of beta-naphthoflavone-pretreated offspring from the (C57BL/6N) (DBA/2N)F1 X DBA/2N backcross, a strict correlation (100% of 24 individuals in each case) was found between the Ahb allele and resistance to the lethal effects of isoxsuprine or niridazole. No correlation between the Ah locus and pentazocine, hydralazine, or isoniazid lethality was apparent. These results indicate that presence of the Ahb allele is associated with increased protection against isoxsuprine and niridazole lethality. This increased protection may reflect enhanced detoxication metabolic pathways (e.g., induced cytochrome P1-450 and/or uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase controlled by the Ah locus). The increased protection is not related to interaction of these drugs with the Ah receptor. It should be kept in mind that gene-environment interactions involving the Ah locus and isoxsuprine or niridazole may be important in certain clinical instances. PMID- 6617408 TI - A hypocaloric high-protein diet as primary therapy for adults with obesity related diabetes: effective long-term use in a community hospital. AB - The use of reducing diets as the sole therapy for the long-term management of obese diabetic patients has been generally unsuccessful. Most previous attempts took place with a few patients in university hospital clinical research centers. We placed 36 such patients on a hypocaloric high-protein food diet, consisting of 1.7-2.0 g protein/kg ideal body wt, during admission to a community hospital. After beginning this diet, patients could be weaned from sliding-scale regular insulin in an average of 1.9 days. Patients remained on this diet after discharge (mean hospital stay = 4.3 days), and complex carbohydrates were gradually added up to 80 g daily. Outpatient long-term management consisted of alternating biweekly visits to a sole nurse practitioner or physician or to a group discussion meeting. Follow-up averaged 41 wk, during which eight patients (22%) had sustained weight loss throughout and remained euglycemic. Twenty patients (56%) initially lost weight (average: 23% of ideal body weight), then plateaued weight, but have also remained euglycemic. Only eight patients, (22%) required insulin. Side effects of the diet were not serious in any patient; no one had myocardial irritability or serum potassium less than 2.9 meq/L. This hypocaloric high-protein diet thus appears to be a generally successful means of weaning obese diabetic adult patients from insulin. This can be done rapidly, safely, and permanently in the community. Such diet therapy appears to require minimal laboratory and hospital resources that are available to all health care providers. PMID- 6617409 TI - The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in a traditional-living Polynesian population: the Wallis Island survey. AB - The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the traditional-living population of Wallis Island was low and comparable with that found in other rural Polynesian societies. The diabetes prevalence was 1.9% in men and 3.5% in women; impaired glucose tolerance occurred in 5.0% of men and 8.4% of women. The prevalence of obesity was significantly greater in women than in men (37.4% versus 12%, respectively, were equal to or greater than 140% ideal weight). Subjects with diabetes tended to be more obese and less active than normal subjects, but these differences, although appreciable, were not usually statistically significant. The population engages in considerable physical activity, and this, along with the traditional diet, may be responsible for the relatively low diabetes prevalence. PMID- 6617410 TI - A cohort study of mortality in two clinic populations of patients with diabetes mellitus. AB - Mortality rates of two cohorts of patients with diabetes mellitus are estimated and compared. The Atlanta cohort is defined as all black patients receiving care at the diabetes clinic of Grady Memorial Hospital for the first time during calendar year 1971. The Memphis cohort is defined as all black patients referred from the City of Memphis Hospital outpatient clinic to a decentralized neighborhood clinic operated by the Memphis and Shelby County Health Department during September 1969 through August 1970. The Atlanta program discontinued all prescriptions of oral hypoglycemic drugs and emphasized instead an aggressive diet therapy. The Memphis program has used diet therapy but also insulin and/or oral hypoglycemic agents according to current guidelines. The ratios of observed to expected deaths (standardized mortality ratios) were remarkably similar for the two cohorts. In both cohorts the standardized mortality ratios were greatest for the youngest patients and for those patients whose duration of illness was longest. Nine-year survival rates, estimated by the life-table method and adjusted for differences in frequency distributions of entry age and duration of diabetes, were also similar for the two cohorts. PMID- 6617411 TI - Clinician communication associated with diabetic patients' comprehension of their therapeutic regimen. AB - The purpose of this study was to identify the types of statements used by medical and nursing clinicians in encounters with diabetic outpatients that are associated with accurate comprehension of their therapeutic regimen. Encounters between 19 clinicians and 29 patients followed in an urban diabetes clinic were examined. Statements made by clinicians were classified by trained observers according to an 11-category observation scheme. Immediately after the encounters, each patient was interviewed and asked to recall his or her regimen as just discussed. Recall was verified by review of a videotape of the encounter. By use of multiple discriminant analysis, a combination of three types of statements by clinicians was found to predict high (better than 80%) comprehension by patients: demonstrating respect, sharing current clinical data, and acknowledging patient statements (inversely). Insofar as patient comprehension of the diabetic regimen is a prerequisite for compliance with that regimen, this study suggests that the chances for therapeutic success are increased when the interaction of clinician and patient takes a certain tone. Most importantly, the clinician should be informative. Current laboratory and physical findings should be shared with the patient in order to make more obvious the successes and failures of recent attempts at compliance. As suggested in previous research, this information should have its strongest effect when conveyed in a nonthreatening manner. PMID- 6617413 TI - The role of circulating glucose and triglyceride concentrations and their interactions with other "risk factors" as determinants of arterial disease in nine diabetic population samples from the WHO multinational study. AB - In 9 of the 14 national samples of diabetic patients assembled for the WHO Multinational Study of Vascular Disease in Diabetes additional laboratory data made it possible to relate manifestations of macrovascular disease to blood glucose concentrations as well as to diabetes duration and to other potential determinants. In five of the samples, serum triglyceride concentrations were also measured and were included in simple and multivariate analyses. Ischemic heart disease defined from Minnesota-coded EKGs and standardized WHO questionnaires was more strongly associated with serum triglyceride concentrations than with serum cholesterol concentrations, an association less notable in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Ischemic heart disease was not related to the single fasting plasma glucose estimated for this study. Stroke and amputation were much more strongly related to the known duration of diabetes than was ischemic heart disease, and they were both related to blood glucose concentration measured at the time of study. Despite major variation in arterial disease prevalence rates between collaborating centers, risk for diabetic women appeared to equal that for diabetic men. The major variation in arterial disease prevalence between national groups could be accounted for only in part by the risk factors studied. Other factors, genetic or more likely environmental, are likely to contribute to the variation in arterial disease susceptibility and, if definable, may be potentially preventable. PMID- 6617412 TI - The effect of strict control with the artificial beta-cell on plasma lipid levels in insulin-dependent diabetes. AB - The artificial beta-cell can establish normoglycemia within 2 h in an indifferently controlled diabetic patient. In the present study, the temporal relationship between the achievement of normoglycemia and its effect on plasma lipid concentrations has been examined in 12 insulin-dependent diabetic patients regulated by the artificial beta-cell for 7 days. The fasting values (mean +/- SEM) of blood glucose (BG), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (T-chol), HDL cholesterol (HDL), and the calculated LDL/HDL ratio (obtained while participants were on single or split insulin regimens) were 385 +/- 42 mg/dl, 148 +/- 24 mg/dl, 219 +/- 22 mg/dl, 39 +/- 3.6 mg/dl, and 3.8 +/- 1.04, respectively. Within 12 h of establishing normoglycemia TG levels fell to 87 +/- 10 mg/dl (P less than 0.001), T-chol to 196 +/- 15 mg/dl (P less than 0.005), and HDL to 37 +/- 3 mg/dl (P = NS). The LDL/HDL ratio remained unchanged. After 7 days on the artificial beta-cell, the corresponding values were: 73 +/- 5 mg/dl (P less than 0.001), 169 +/- 9 mg/dl (P less than 0.001), 41 +/- 2.6 mg/dl (P = NS), and 2.6 +/- 0.56 (P less than 0.05). Twenty-four hours after discontinuation of artificial beta-cell therapy, the TG and T-chol concentrations reverted to baseline. These findings underscore the rapidity and effectiveness with which strict control can improve plasma lipid profiles. PMID- 6617414 TI - Limited joint mobility in childhood diabetes: family studies. AB - We examined 204 persons with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), aged 7 23 yr, and 336 of their first-degree relatives, to determine whether there is a genetic component to the development of limited joint mobility. Simple and multiplex pedigrees with IDDM were studied along with normal controls. Only 1 of 90 normal controls had joint stiffness. Among 225 nondiabetic parents of children with IDDM, 7 (3%) had joint limitation, compared with 42 (21%) of children and youth with IDDM. Only 1 of 108 nondiabetic siblings of diabetic probands had limitation. Three parents had adult-onset diabetes and all had limited joint mobility. None of the 8 nondiabetic relatives with joint limitation had diabetic probands with joint involvement; 5 of these 8 tested were negative for islet cell auto-antibodies. There were 11 IDDM multiplex families with at least one member having joint limitation. The concordance rate for limited joint mobility of persons with diabetes for more than 5 yr who were over 12 yr of age was 56%, not different from the 48% frequency in patients with IDDM who met these age and duration criteria. Thus, evidence that limited joint mobility is a metabolic consequence of diabetes includes the virtual absence of limitation among first degree relatives of probands, including probands with joint stiffness, and that the frequency of joint involvement is not increased in first-degree relatives of patients with IDDM. Furthermore, two brothers with pancreatic hypoplasia and a non-HLA-associated form of IDDM were affected with limited joint mobility. Nonetheless, the expression of this complication must be influenced by host factors, since not all persons with IDDM develop it, and those who do have variable ages of onset without correlation to control measures. PMID- 6617415 TI - The effects of blood glucose testing versus urine sugar testing on the metabolic control of insulin-dependent diabetic children. AB - Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c was measured in 43 insulin-dependent diabetic children before and after training in blood glucose testing. These measurements were compared with those obtained from a group of matched controls who tested urine sugars for the same period. Mean HbA1c measurements for the blood glucose testing group were significantly improved at 6 mo after training in blood glucose testing, and were significantly lower than those measured in the urine sugar testing group. However, HbA1c levels in the blood glucose testing group were well above levels for nondiabetic persons, and were generally higher than those reported for adult insulin-dependent diabetic persons following training in blood glucose testing. Explanations for this difference were considered. It was noted that 81% of the trained children accepted and continued to use blood glucose testing for at least 9 mo after training. PMID- 6617416 TI - Adolescent diabetes mellitus: parent/child perspectives of the effect of the disease on family and social interactions. AB - To investigate the perceived effects of adolescent diabetes mellitus on family and social interactions from the children's and parents' perspectives, 50 teenagers with diabetes were studied: 21 from a private practice and 29 from a diabetes camp. Children and parents answered separately a specially prepared questionnaire dealing with daily life situations; the adolescents also responded to the Firo B questionnaire. On corresponding questions agreement between the responses of children and parents varied from as high as 86% to as low as 30%. Questions referring to the effect of diabetes on scholastic performance, concentration, and social life were associated with poor agreement. No correlation was found between the measure of agreement between parents and children on various responses and glycosylated hemoglobin determinations. The adolescents' perspectives were clearly influenced by sex and age of onset of diabetes. Female compared with male adolescents perceived significantly less effect from diabetes on scholastic performance and concentration, and the age of onset of their diabetes affected the measure of agreement with parents. In their responses to the Firo B questionnaire female diabetic adolescents differed significantly from norms in 2 of the 6 subscales measured, unlike male adolescents, whose scores were similar to those of norm groups. Male diabetic adolescents felt the most effect from diabetes on social life, scholastic performance, and concentration when they had developed the disease between 9 and 12 yr of age. Although the parents of this subgroup of adolescents underestimated these feelings, in general, parents of male and female diabetic adolescents perceived more effect from diabetes than their children. PMID- 6617417 TI - Normo-osmolar, nonketotic, hyponatremic diabetic syndrome associated with impaired renal function. AB - A case is reported of a nonketotic woman with diabetes who presented with a blood glucose of 72.8 mmol/L (1310 mg/dl), plasma sodium of 92 mmol/L, normal osmolality, impaired renal function, and alert clinical state. Before the implication of the unusual nature of the metabolic disturbance was fully considered, the initial treatment was with a rapid infusion of saline. On consideration, however, it was postulated that as her hyperglycemia had developed, the expected osmotic diuresis was prevented by the impairment of her renal function. This had allowed compensatory hyponatremia to develop to maintain normal osmolality and protect the patient from coma. The high-dose saline infusion was stopped, and she was successfully treated with insulin and potassium but only minimal saline. The use of large quantities of saline in normo-osmolar, nonketotic, hyponatremic diabetic syndrome associated with impaired renal function and alert mental state is unnecessary and potentially dangerous. PMID- 6617418 TI - Nadirs of oral glucose tolerance tests are independent of age and sex. AB - We analyzed nadirs of 75-g oral glucose tolerance tests in 400 subjects who remained completely asymptomatic during the test. The median nadir was 63 mg/dl, the 10th percentile 48 mg/dl, and the 2.5th percentile 41 mg/dl. Seventy-five percent of the nadirs occurred at 3-4 h. There were no differences in the absolute level of nadirs between men and women, nor between the subjects 17-30 and 61-74 yr of age. PMID- 6617419 TI - Lipid disorders and diabetes. PMID- 6617420 TI - Hyperglycemia preceding stroke. PMID- 6617421 TI - Congestive heart failure as a complication of improved diabetic control. PMID- 6617422 TI - Genetic linkage between Kidd and insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD) PMID- 6617423 TI - Self blood glucose monitoring. PMID- 6617424 TI - Blood glucose measurement systems. PMID- 6617425 TI - Correct procedures for Chemstrip bG. PMID- 6617426 TI - Hepatic hemangiomas on 33 patients. Evaluation by ultrasound, nuclear medicine, computed tomography and angiography. AB - 33 cases of hepatic hemangioma evaluated by various diagnostic tools (ultrasound, nuclear medicine, computed tomography and angiography) are reported. Nuclear medicine is the least sensitive and specific (only a report of a lacunar area). Ultrasound sensitivity is very high, also for lesions below 2 cm. Specificity initially very low, is now going to increase according to the operator's experience. Computed tomography shows good sensitivity and provides typical signs of hemangiomas, especially in the largest tumors. Angiography was not demonstrated in all cases (2 false-negative in lesions below 2 cm). In fact, in smaller hemangiomas often fibrotic tissue is predominant and vascular anomalies may not appear. When surgery is not performed, ultrasound is recommended as non invasive follow-up. PMID- 6617427 TI - Urographic changes in homozygous sickle cell disease. AB - A prospective urographic study of 40 Nigerian homozygous sickle cell patients is presented. The age range was 13-51 years with a mean of 20. The excretory urogram was normal in 30% of the patients. There is a very high incidence of renal papillary necrosis (40%). The other abnormalities observed are non-obstructive caliectasis (47.5%), poor excretion of contrast medium (40%) and renal enlargement. The incidence of urographic abnormality was neither age- or sex related. There is also no relationship between abnormality and urinary symptoms. PMID- 6617428 TI - Adenoma of the nipple. AB - Among the diseases of the breast, adenoma of the nipple is an uncommon lesion. This case report describes the clinical data and radiological signs. A literature review of the histopathology is given. PMID- 6617429 TI - Peritendinitis calcarea of flexor carpi ulnaris. PMID- 6617430 TI - Closed injury of the aortic arch and subsequent formation of a false aneurysm. AB - The case history of a 25-year-old man who sustained a blunt trauma to the chest in a car accident and developed a false aneurysm of the aortic isthmus is reported. The injury of the aortic arch was not initially recognized. The diagnosis was established on the chest X-rays and arteriograms obtained 1 year after the trauma. The clinical and radiological signs of closed injuries of the aortic arch are reviewed. PMID- 6617431 TI - [Arthritis in the Senegalese woman. Apropos of 46 cases]. PMID- 6617432 TI - [Importance of chloroquine levels in chloroquine poisoning]. PMID- 6617434 TI - [Biometric study of the superior mesenteric arteries]. PMID- 6617433 TI - [4 cases of tracheal collapse following thyroidectomy]. PMID- 6617435 TI - [Unusual stimulating action of acetylcholine on the heart]. PMID- 6617436 TI - [Study of the mechanisms of the phenomenon of escape]. PMID- 6617438 TI - [Congenital malaria and seroconversion following anti-measles vaccination]. PMID- 6617437 TI - [Prevalence and evolution of congenital malaria in an urban zone: Cases from the city of Thies (Senegal)]. PMID- 6617439 TI - [Infectious broncho-pleuro-pneumopathies: medico-legal aspects]. PMID- 6617440 TI - [Fatal voluntary nivaquine poisoning in a Dakar milieu in Senegal. Apropos of 22 cases]. PMID- 6617441 TI - [Xeroderma pigmentosum: 1st Senegalese case]. PMID- 6617442 TI - [Tubal localization of genital bilharziasis. Apropos of a clinical case discovered during surgery]. PMID- 6617443 TI - [Abdominal form of Hodgkin's disease. Apropos of 5 cases in Dakar]. PMID- 6617444 TI - [Necrotizing otitis in diabetic patients. Apropos of 4 cases]. PMID- 6617445 TI - [Biracial study of blood pressure in the child]. PMID- 6617446 TI - [Normal blood pressure and borderline states of hypertension in the child and adolescent]. PMID- 6617447 TI - [Study of the modifications of blood pressure and heart rate of migrant workers in Senegal]. PMID- 6617448 TI - [Study of immune status in leprosy using a cutaneous multitest]. PMID- 6617449 TI - [Salivary lithiasis]. PMID- 6617450 TI - [Facial paralysis in a hospital in Africa. Apropos of 39 cases]. PMID- 6617451 TI - [Clinical consequences of chloroquine prophylaxis and its interruption in a hyperendemic malaria zone]. PMID- 6617452 TI - [Effectiveness of 3 doses of metrifonate in the treatment of urinary bilharziasis in Senegal]. PMID- 6617453 TI - [Volvulus of the cecum. Apropos of a case complicated by severe stercoral peritonitis]. PMID- 6617454 TI - [Human cenuriasis. 1st case (intermuscular localization) found in Senegal]. PMID- 6617455 TI - [Predictive value of indirect Vo2 max (running race of 100 km)]. PMID- 6617456 TI - [Protease inhibitors block the spread of the influenza virus in the body of infected animals]. PMID- 6617457 TI - [Action of a low-frequency magnetic field on myocardial contractility]. PMID- 6617458 TI - [Decreased electrical strength as the basic mechanism of barrier function disorder in biomembranes]. PMID- 6617459 TI - [The DNA-ligase gene of bacteriophage T4]. PMID- 6617460 TI - [Macrostructure and elasticity of the tectorial membrane in the hearing receptor of the white rat]. PMID- 6617461 TI - [Action of UV irradiation on the surface of lymphoid cells]. PMID- 6617462 TI - [Changes in DNA synthesis and the pool of phosphorus-containing metabolites in tumor and normal cells in the process of melanoma B16 growth. Use of the high resolution 31P-NMR method in in vivo experiments]. PMID- 6617463 TI - [Role of lipid peroxidation in retinal damage during hyperbaric oxygenation and the potential of chemical protection with antioxidants]. PMID- 6617464 TI - [Role of the plasma membrane in lysosomal enzyme activation]. PMID- 6617465 TI - Signs and symptoms of hangover: prevalence and relationship to alcohol use in a general adult population. AB - The post-intoxication state, commonly called hangover, has been known since antiquity; yet there has been little systematic research examining the signs and symptoms of hangover among the general population. The frequency and the various symptoms of hangovers, as well as the relationships between hangovers and alcohol consumption, were analyzed using a sample of 1041 adults 18 years and older living in Western New York State. Hangovers were experienced in the previous year by only about 50% of the population of heavier drinkers; the frequency was even less among those with lower alcohol consumption. Factor analysis of the various symptoms revealed significant clusters. The findings suggest that the aversive aspects of alcohol consumption, including the hangover syndrome, may deter excessive consumption; certain individuals in whom aversive reactions as hangover do not occur may be at high risk for excessive alcohol use. PMID- 6617466 TI - Episodes of heroin use during maintenance treatment with stable dosage of (-) alpha-acetylmethadol (methadyl acetate, LAAM). AB - The phenomenon of episodic heroin use by patients maintained on a surrogate opiate has been noted by clinical investigators since the early 1970s. Several investigators have hypothesized that relapse to heroin use is related to stressful events in the patient's life, and retrospective studies give some support to this hypothesis. In the present study, we asked patients every month to rate their situation with respect to 11 life areas. There were significant negative correlations between the absolute scores in most life areas and the amount of heroin use. However, the relationship between changes in life-area scores and changes in heroin use was less clear. Our data indicate that of patients who have substantial increases in heroin use, many do have negative changes in one or more life areas. However, not all patients who have such negative changes in life-area scores respond by increasing their heroin use. PMID- 6617467 TI - Risk-taking and drug-use behaviour: an examination. AB - The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between several forms of drug-use behaviour and risk-taking propensity. Jackson's (1976) risk-taking measure was employed among a sample of high school students (N = 634) selected from a province-wide probability survey on student drug use. The authors predicted that risk-taking would be associated with: (i) the dependence potential of a given drug; (ii) level of drug use; (iii) polydrug use. No conclusive evidence was found confirming the first two hypotheses; however, the data clearly demonstrated that level of polydrug use was significantly related to risk scores. The authors suggest that risk-taking as a general personality trait may more readily distinguish non-users from users of various drugs than discriminate among degrees of use in the latter. PMID- 6617468 TI - Drug abuse and affluence in five countries: a study of economic and health conditions, 1960-1975. AB - Studies have reported a positive relationship between alcohol consumption and general levels of affluence in society. The present paper suggests that drug use and abuse should also be related to affluence since, to some extent, alcohol and drugs are substitute products. Levels of drug abuse and levels of affluence, in society, change over time. Therefore, indicators of affluence (economic and health conditions) and various types of illicit drug abuse in five countries were examined for the period 1960-1975. The results of our investigation show that officially recorded measures of drug abuse, in each of five countries, were related to improvements in economic and health conditions. PMID- 6617469 TI - Effects of alcohol rehabilitation treatment on health and performance of Navy enlisted men. AB - Changes in medical care utilization (rates of hospital admission and days hospitalized) and performance (rates of unauthorized absence and desertion) from pre- to posttreatment for alcohol abuse were determined for a group of career Navy enlisted men. Comparisons were made with two control groups matched with the abusers on year of entering the service and age at enlistment. Treatment favorably affected health and performance during the 2-year posttreatment period. While the alcohol abuse group showed no change in the mean number of hospital admissions from pre- to posttreatment, significant increases were reported for both control groups. Similarly, although rates of unauthorized absence and desertion increased significantly from pre- to posttreatment for alcohol abusers, the increases were proportionately less than those experienced by either control group. PMID- 6617470 TI - Reducing attrition from conjoint therapy with alcoholic couples. AB - Premature termination of treatment by the client has been a pervasive problem in the alcohol treatment field. This drop-out problem is compounded in conjoint therapy for alcoholic couples since most clients typically do not view the drinking problem from a systemic, interactional perspective. Within a short-term communication-interaction based conjoint therapy program offered to couples with an alcohol problem on an outpatient basis, specific mechanisms were developed to deal with client-initiated attrition from treatment. These procedures involve the systematic involvement of the spouse in all aspects of intake, assessment and treatment; the use of role induction in a pretherapy interview; and formal contracting during the beginning phase of therapy. Preliminary results suggest that these efforts may be effective in retaining more socially stable alcoholic clients. For the more transient, less socially stable group of individuals with alcohol-related difficulties, the above mechanisms may not be sufficient to forestall unplanned terminations. It is suggested that the latter group may require help to reduce stresses related to concrete concerns prior to receiving conjoint therapy for their alcohol problem. PMID- 6617471 TI - Evaluation of an inpatient alcohol rehabilitation programme. AB - A retrospective matching procedure was used to form a control group of 145 men who underwent detoxification, but unlike the treatment group did not enter the Quo Vadis Hospital rehabilitation programme. On a wide range of variables for which data was obtained at follow-up interview, respondents in the two groups were very similar. By contrast, official records data showed that the treatment group had significantly more readmissions to the detoxification hospital during the follow-up period than the control group. A number of methodological issues are briefly discussed. PMID- 6617472 TI - Which detoxified alcoholic keeps the first clinic appointment? AB - One-hundred-eighty consecutive discharged alcoholic inpatients making first outpatient appointments during a 15-month period were studied. Eighty-four (47%) patients who kept their scheduled appointments differed from 96 (53%) patients who failed to keep their appointments, only in numbers of previous hospitalizations. Patients who were admitted four or less times for detoxification previously had a significantly higher rate of keeping the scheduled appointments (x = 5.82, d.f. = 2, P less than 0.05). The variables of sex, age, marital status, length of hospitalization, type of discharge, history of drug use besides marijuana, the use of disulfiram, and state of liver function, did not have significant differences between 'showed' and 'failed' patients. The authors suggest the need for a realistic reappraisal of providing physical and psychiatric care at the outpatient setting for those alcoholics with five or more previous inpatient detoxifications. PMID- 6617473 TI - The effects of marijuana use during pregnancy. II. A study in a low-risk home delivery population. AB - Results from a previous epidemiologic study indicate that marijuana use near term may elevate risk of abnormal progress of labor and meconium staining. We conducted a study of the association of self-reported marijuana use and perinatal problems in a series of 313 women enrolled in a home-birth center. The 41 marijuana users were similar to non-users with respect to most potentially confounding factors, but users had lower mean income and exhibited more tobacco and alcohol use during pregnancy than non-users. Users experienced slightly elevated rates of dysfunctional labor (43% vs. 35% in non-users), precipitate labor (13% vs. 8%) and meconium staining (17% vs. 13%); differences with respect to most other outcomes were smaller or nonexistent. The observed differences were smaller in both relative and absolute terms than those reported by the earlier study, and were little changed upon adjustment for potentially confounding factors (including alcohol use, cigarette use, parity and income). After accounting for statistical variation, the results appear consistent with the earlier findings but further research is recommended. PMID- 6617474 TI - Self assessment of social competence in situations with and without alcohol by female alcoholics in treatment. AB - Female alcoholic in-patients (N = 156) were asked during a three months treatment to rate the degree of discomfort they expected (a) in situations demanding assertiveness, but not involving rejection of alcoholic beverages and (b) in situations characterized by social temptation to drink. Correlations of ratings with age, duration of problem drinking, mean ethanol consumption per day or length of education were insignificant. Actual experience with social temptation situations in the past did not influence the rating. A principal Component Analysis showed that ratings of discomfort in general social situations and in alcohol related social situations are largely unrelated. The result of partially independent appraisals of general and alcohol related assertiveness suggests that both should be assessed independently, and generalizations from one to the other might be misleading. PMID- 6617475 TI - Symmetry and complementarity in the alcoholic marriage: a pilot study. AB - Eight couples, in which one of the partners is alcoholic, have been studied with the aim of verifying Bateson's hypothesis according to which the relationship between the alcoholic--when sober--and the other is clearly symmetrical. To this purpose a new method developed by the author and based on the Rorschach Test has been utilized. Although the small number of subjects in this pilot study precludes any detailed statistical analysis, some preliminary findings appear to be particularly interesting: (a) clear prevalence of symmetrical exchanges on complementary ones, which seems to confirm Bateson's hypothesis; (b) greater number of 'up' positions of the non-alcoholic partner who seems the one who 'controls' the relationship. In this perspective the symptom can be explained as an attempt to gain control of what is to happen in the relationship with the partner. PMID- 6617476 TI - Significance of tattooes in narcotic abusers. AB - Social aspects of tattooed compared to non-tattooed narcotic addicts attending a methadone maintenance programme were investigated. It was found that those who were tattooed reported greater current social instability and a more deprived background compared to those without tattooes. None of the tattooes specifically identified the subjects as belonging to the drug scene nor could the age at which the subject was first tattooed be used to predict subsequent drug abuse. The presence of tattooes was unrelated to the current dose of methadone and to the duration of attendance on the methadone programme. PMID- 6617477 TI - A comparison of the catecholamine releasing effect of the khat alkaloids (-) cathinone and (+)-norpseudoephedrine. AB - Consumption of khat leaves produces symptoms that are similar to those caused by amphetamine. The experiments reported in the following describe the effect of the two khat alkaloids (-)-cathinone and (+)-norpseudoephedrine at the cellular level. Both were shown to induce release from physiological catecholamine storage sites. Peripheral noradrenaline sites (rabbit heart) were observed to be more sensitive than CNS dopamine sites (rat nucleus accumbens). In the latter organ, which is believed to be involved in amphetamine hypermotility, (-)-cathinone was considerably more potent than (+)-norpseudoephedrine. PMID- 6617478 TI - The effect of chlormethiazole on serum cortisol concentrations in chronic alcoholics. PMID- 6617479 TI - Gustatory avoidance in rats: effects of cocaine under a mild water deprivation schedule. PMID- 6617480 TI - Adverse reactions with diazepam. PMID- 6617481 TI - Adjusting heparin infusion rates from the initial response to activated coagulation time. AB - A mathematical description of the dose-response curve of heparin to the activated coagulation time is applied retrospectively to 20 patients treated with continuous heparin infusion. The adjusted heparin dose was compared with a calculated prediction using the theoretical mathematical model. The main actual dose was 28 U/kg/h, and the mean predicted dose was 25.8 U/kg/h. The correlation coefficient was 0.862 (p3 0.05). These data are used to develop a dosing adjustment chart. Special considerations prior to using the calculation or dosing adjustment chart are discussed. The use of this model may allow the clinician to determine more rapidly a therapeutic heparin dosage than previous empiric approaches. PMID- 6617482 TI - Topical sclerotherapy of esophageal varices. AB - We have treated two patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to esophageal varices, with a procedure first described in the 1930s, sclerotherapy of the varices. The procedure involves multiple injections of a sclerosing solution into the varices, utilizing a fiberoptic endoscope. PMID- 6617483 TI - Tricyclic-induced seizure activity. PMID- 6617485 TI - The relationship between patient variables and frequency of pharmacist counseling. AB - Over the past 20 years, much research has focused on evaluating pharmacists' performance as drug consultants to patients and on identifying factors that affect pharmacists' performance in this role. Little has been done, however, to assess the impact of patient characteristics, such as age, income, education, and drug expenditures, on pharmacists' performance as drug consultants. The purpose of this study was to examine this impact. Data were gathered via a mail survey of 300 households in Raleigh, NC. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the data. Results indicated that pharmacists generally are available to answer patients' drug-related questions, that pharmacists usually do not provide counseling to patients voluntarily, and that pharmacists are significantly more likely to counsel patients who have lower educational attainment and higher drug expenditures. These results appear to suggest that pharmacists have adopted the role of drug consultant to patients, but only to a limited extent. PMID- 6617484 TI - Ceforanide vs. cephalothin concentrations in total joint arthroplasty. AB - Total joint arthroplasty is a common orthopedic procedure and requires prophylactic antibiotic coverage to prevent infections in the operated joint. The antibiotics routinely used for prophylaxis are the cephalosporins. This study compared bone, synovial fluid, and plasma concentrations of ceforanide with cephalothin concentrations in 30 patients undergoing elective total hip or total knee arthroplasty. Ceforanide provided significantly higher plasma concentrations for 61-110 minutes postdose than did cephalothin (p less than 0.025 and p less than 0.005). No difference was noted between the two antibiotics for the bone concentrations in the total hip arthroplasty group; however, cephalothin concentrated to a greater degree in the bone of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (p less than 0.05). Cephalothin achieved higher concentrations in the synovial fluid than did ceforanide (p less than 0.05). Both antibiotics were well tolerated and no postoperative infections were noted in either group. PMID- 6617486 TI - Ephedrine-phenobarbital formulations. PMID- 6617487 TI - Comment on kinetic predictions of serum drug concentrations. PMID- 6617488 TI - Side-effect profiles of newer-generation cephalosporins. PMID- 6617489 TI - Drug abuse by older adults--who is responsible? PMID- 6617490 TI - Toward a rational approach to the issue of prescribing authority for pharmacists. AB - The issue of expanded prescriptive authority for pharmacists has been gaining momentum for some time and has resulted in legislation in California and Washington and clarification of legislation in Oregon allowing expanded prescribing prerogatives for pharmacists. In April 1982, the American Pharmaceutical Association Policy Committee on Professional Affairs recommended that a policy statement be adopted endorsing the concept that pharmacists have the independent authority to select and dispense pharmaceutical and therapeutic alternates. The importance of the pharmacist as a health professional strategically placed and generally qualified to contribute significantly to the optimization of drug therapy outcomes cannot be denied. The advocacy of independent authority for all pharmacists to select pharmaceutical alternates, and particularly therapeutic alternates, appears to be premature, however. Orderly transition and constructive evolution of expanded prescriptive authority for pharmacists requires: (1) a comprehensive, introspective self-analysis of the current status of pharmacy practice; (2) establishment of a communication system between pharmacist and physician that will optimize drug therapy; (3) improved recognition by pharmacy of the complexity involved in drug selection and patient monitoring; and (4) development of a process for establishing credentials that would certify the competency of pharmacists to perform defined prescribing functions. PMID- 6617491 TI - Liability claims based on drug use. AB - The incidence of drug-related liability claims is discussed, and data from a number of studies in this area are reviewed. Drug categories that appear to cause the greatest problems are hormones, anticoagulants, adrenal steroids, and antibiotics. Focusing attention on these categories may enable the pharmacist to function as a liability-reducing factor in the institutional setting. PMID- 6617492 TI - New drugs and FDA publicity. AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has been criticized for publicly announcing the approval of significant new drugs. This policy was formulated for two reasons: to encourage better public understanding of the benefits and limitations of new drugs and to account to the public for new drug approvals. The FDA makes such announcements only for major new drugs. This policy, which started in 1978, seems to have worked well in accomplishing the FDA's objectives. PMID- 6617493 TI - Suppositories for systemic medication: an underused approach. PMID- 6617495 TI - Intravenous anaesthetics for short procedures. PMID- 6617494 TI - Bronchodilator 'Syrups' and children's teeth. PMID- 6617497 TI - Cimetidine and gastric cancer: a reappraisal. PMID- 6617496 TI - Management of agoraphobia. PMID- 6617498 TI - Data sheet amendments. PMID- 6617500 TI - [Digitoxin in hepatorenal insufficiency]. AB - Serum digitoxin levels were measured during maintenance treatment with digitoxin, 0.1 mg daily i.v., in 12 patients under intensive postoperative care who had hepatorenal failure resulting from multiple organ failure. Thirteen patients in intensive care with comparable basic diseases served as controls; they had developed predominantly renal failure. Serum digitoxin levels in the two groups were no different and remained within therapeutic range during the total period of observation of 8-40 days. During this time toxic serum digitoxin levels were measured in 2.9% of patients in renal failure and 2.7% of patients with hepatorenal failure. The pathogenesis of the liver failure and the severity of the underlying disease did not influence serum digitoxin levels. Digitoxin was tolerated similarly in the two patient groups. PMID- 6617499 TI - [Intraoperative ultrasound studies in pancreatic surgery]. AB - In 32 patients with benign or malignant disease of the pancreas direct ultrasound imaging of the pancreas was performed during the operative procedure. Benign could be distinguished from malignant lesions on the basis of different ultrasound patterns, changes in the pancreatic duct and size of the organ. A further improvement in diagnostic accuracy was obtained by intraoperative staging with ultrasound-directed small-needle biopsy of that part of the pancreas which looked suspicious macroscopically and by ultrasound. Previously unknown tumour infiltration was also revealed by ultrasound imaging. Intraoperative ultrasound is a new helpful method for the surgeon. Since it is easy it should be used in all doubtful instances, even though the interpretation requires considerable experience. PMID- 6617501 TI - [Lung edema after administration of hydrochlorothiazide. A rare and life threatening side effect]. AB - Recurrent pulmonary oedema occurred in a 62-year-old woman after repeated intake of hydrochlorothiazide-triamterene tablets. Eight similar reports in the medical literature suggested it to be a rare case of intolerance to hydrochlorothiazide. The lymphocyte transformation test proved an allergic genesis: there was significant stimulation of patient lymphocytes by active agent/metabolite serum of hydrochlorothiazide but not triamterene. PMID- 6617502 TI - [Diagnostic value of urine analysis in drug addicts and rehabilitation patients]. PMID- 6617503 TI - [Over indulgence in drinking tea]. PMID- 6617504 TI - [Use of guidelines for the early diagnosis of disease]. PMID- 6617505 TI - [Percutaneous, ultrasound-targeted fine-needle puncture biopsy (liver, pancreas, intestine) and ultrasound-targeted pancreatic duct puncture]. AB - Ultrasonically guided fine-needle aspirations were done in the liver of 42 cases of malignancy established later by autopsy and biopsy. The sensitivity was 95.3%. Only in one case, in a metastasis of renal carcinoma, precise tumour classification was not possible cytologically. Pancreatic malignancies were biopsied in 28 cases with later verified diagnoses at post mortem and biopsy; the sensitivity was 85.7%. One pancreatic head adenocarcinoma tumour classification was not possible cytologically. In 16 cases of gastrointestinal carcinoma verified by operation the sensitivity was 93.8%. In one cirrhotic gastric carcinoma only insufficient cytological material could be aspirated despite several biopsies. There were no false positive results in any puncture. The cytological results in all malignancies (n = 86) agreed in 97.7% with later established histological tumour classifications. Two clinically relevant complications were observed (biliary peritonitis, haemoperitoneum). In 15 percutaneous fine-needle pancreaticographies it has been shown to be an advantage that pancreatic juice can be aspirated prior to contrast medium filling of the pancreatic duct. Hyperinstillation into the organ can thus be prevented. In addition, the pancreatic juice aspirate can be investigated cytochemically. Only part of the patients (indurating changes of the pancreas such as chronic pancreatitis) experienced an unpleasant or painful sensation. For this reason such patients should be given analgesics. PMID- 6617506 TI - [Incidence of Legionnaires' disease]. AB - Titre levels against Legionella pneumophila, serotype 1-4, and against Legionella micdadei were measured in 2290 sera. About 1% contained specific antibodies indicating previous contact with the causative organisms within a year, suggesting a high incidence. On the other hand, the contagion index at 10% was relatively low. It relates to mild influenza-like and severe pneumonitic forms of the infection. In the Federal Republic of Germany it is likely that there are 6000-7000 cases of Legionella-caused pneumonia annually. With a death-rate of 15 20% there are thus likely to be between 1000 and 1500 deaths annually. This makes Legionnaire's disease the second most frequent cause of pneumonia. PMID- 6617507 TI - [Immunologic parameters in pericholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis with and without ulcerative colitis]. AB - Immunological parameters and histocompatibility antigens (HLA) were determined in seven patients with non-bacterial cholangitis. Four patients had pericholangitis and ulcerative colitis, three had primary sclerosing cholangitis, one of these with ulcerative colitis. All 7 patients had antinuclear antibodies; however, there were no antibodies against DNA, against mitochondria or liver membrane antigens. One patient had low-titre rheuma factors. Immunoglobulins G, A and M and complement components C3 and C4 were mostly in the normal range. HLA constellation was positive for B8 in 6 patients. These were male patients with disease manifestations between the 12th and 45th year of life. The results support the concept that pericholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis with or without ulcerative colitis are related hepatological disease entities with an immunological pathogenesis and an underlying genetical determination. PMID- 6617508 TI - [Therapy of vesicorenal reflux in childhood]. PMID- 6617509 TI - [Polycythemia vera. Clinical course, diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 6617510 TI - [Practice of internal medicine in the USA Report of a personal experience]. PMID- 6617512 TI - [Effectiveness-risk ratio of heparin-dihydroergotamine]. PMID- 6617511 TI - [Oxyphenbutazone-induced hyperkalemia in selective hypoaldosteronism in adults]. PMID- 6617513 TI - [Decrease in lead exposure in the USA]. PMID- 6617514 TI - [Coloscopic small intestinal enema]. AB - Coloscopic small bowel enema, a new diagnostic method, permits small and large intestinal investigation in one session. A coloscope is required equipped with a circular mounted balloon at the distal end. The endoscope is placed into coecum using the conventional technique (coloscopy). After intubation of the ileocoecal valve the balloon is inflated in the terminal ileum. This prevents reflux of the contrast medium and methyl-cellulose solution which are instilled into the small bowel through the endoscope instrumentation bore. Double-contrast investigation of the small bowel is particularly suitable for diagnosis of inflammatory diseases (e.g. Crohn's disease), Meckel's diverticulum and polypoid lesions such as carcinoid tumours. PMID- 6617515 TI - [General abdominal radiography for the identification of drug smugglers]. AB - Plain abdominal radiographs (approximately 70 kV) enabled demonstration of cocaine containing latex balloons in 14 persons. In two further cases cannabis filled containers were demonstrated. PMID- 6617516 TI - [Measurement of residual urine in outpatient clinics with a small ultrasound device]. AB - Serial controls of residual urine are necessary in the case of patients with such chronic diseases as multiple sclerosis, in which there are neurogenic bladder disorders. They can be done free of risk by ultrasound technique. A special, relatively cheap and battery-powered ultrasound scanner (Uroson) has been developed. Transducer, electronic circuitry and videoscreen together are the size of a book. Bladder volumes were measured with Uroson in 30 healthy persons with control of micturition and in 78 patients with residual urine due to neurogenic bladder disorders, with subsequent bladder catheterization. A total of 58 measurements in the range of 20-200 ml residual volume gave a correlation coefficient of 0.87 for the normal controls and 0.86 for patients, with a scatter of +/- 20%. These results agree with those reported earlier with the customary abdominal ultrasound apparatus. In 24 patients with residual volumes of less than 20 ml the Uroson gave correct result. Because of its simplified construction and single-button control Uroson does not require any special knowledge and, after instruction, can be used by non-medical personnel. PMID- 6617517 TI - [Poisoning with andromedotoxin-containing honey]. AB - Two patients poisoned by andromedotoxin-containing honey were treated in Austrian hospitals in 1981 and 1982. The toxin-containing honey had in both cases been obtained in the coastal mediterranean part of Turkey. Both patients had severe arterial hypotension, bradycardic arrhythmias, syncope and CNS symptoms. Symptomatic treatment was fully successful in both patients within 24 hours. PMID- 6617518 TI - [Therapy of acute lung embolism]. PMID- 6617519 TI - [Cerebral ischemia in extracranial aneurysm of the internal carotid artery]. PMID- 6617520 TI - [Erythrohepatic (erythropoietic) protoporphyria]. PMID- 6617521 TI - [Nosocomial rotavirus infections in adults]. AB - In February and March 1981, eight patients and two nurses in a women's ward (internal medicine) fell ill with gastroenteritis. Because faecal samples were not available during the acute phase, the diagnosis was made by demonstrating complement-binding antibodies and rotavirus-specific IgM, with 14 persons on the same ward without gastroenteritis serving as controls. The illness took a mild course. All patients had watery diarrhoea and abdominal pain, four had nausea or vomiting, but only one had fever. Thus even in adults with gastroenteritis rotavirus infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis. PMID- 6617522 TI - [Interdisciplinary diagnosis of choledochus cysts]. AB - Cystic dilatations of the biliary tract are rare anomalies. In the individual case, diagnosis may pose great problems. The relevance of the various methods was assessed in eight patients investigated with different diagnostic methods. In all patients the predominant symptom was uncharacteristic upper abdominal complaints. Two patients showed intermittent jaundice. Among non-invasive methods sonography is preeminent and permits precise demonstration of intra- and extrahepatic biliary duct dilatations. It can be complemented by CAT-scanning. Whereas intravenous cholegraphy does not permit sufficient ascertainment of the diagnosis, ERCP and PTC allow precise demonstration of the anomaly. Functional hepatobiliary scanning is indicated where endoscopic methods are not available. Among the eight patients sonography was decisively relevant in five cases and ERCP in all cases. The remaining functional assessments furnished important additional informations. PMID- 6617524 TI - [Silicon prosthesis as an anti-reflux operation]. PMID- 6617523 TI - [Determination of liver size in clinical routine]. PMID- 6617525 TI - [Health forum. A program for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases within the framework of adult education]. PMID- 6617526 TI - [May health insurance groups request radiographs with medical reports for the purpose of quality control?]. PMID- 6617527 TI - [Trichlorethylene poisoning]. PMID- 6617528 TI - [Diffuse symptoms caused by LSD administration]. PMID- 6617529 TI - Species and sex differences in selenium inhibition of hepatic drug metabolism in rodents. AB - Hepatic microsomal drug metabolism was assessed in male and female rats, mice and hamsters 72 hr after administration of sodium selenite. The greatest inhibitory effect of selenium on hepatic drug metabolism occurred in male rats where the magnitude of reduction in microsomal metabolism by selenium treatment of ethylmorphine and aminopyrine was disproportionately greater than the decrease in either cytochrome P-450 levels or metabolism of aniline. In contrast, the inhibition of metabolism of the three substrates in female mice and the decrease in ethylmorphine-N-demethylase in male mice were similar in magnitude to the reduction observed in cytochrome P-450 content. Hepatic microsomal metabolism in male and female hamsters was relatively resistant to the inhibitory effects of selenium. The inhibition of drug metabolism by selenium may reflect a specific effect of selenium on selected isozymes of cytochrome P-450. PMID- 6617531 TI - Effects of tri-n-butyl phosphate on the peripheral nervous system of the Sprague Dawley rat. AB - Tri-n-butyl phosphate, a widely used plasticizer and solvent, was orally administered to male and female Sprague-Dawley rats for 14 consecutive days (low dose: 0.28 mL/kg; high dose: 0.42 mL/kg). Effects of this industrial chemical were investigated on the peripheral nervous system of these animals. A significant (P less than 0.05) reduction in conduction velocity of caudal nerve was observed in high dose male rats. Electron microscopic examination of sciatic nerve showed morphological changes such as retraction of Schwann cell processes surrounding unmyelinated fibres in both sexes of high dose groups. PMID- 6617530 TI - The immunomodulatory effects of two plant growth regulators, cycloheximide and maleic hydrazide, in white mice. AB - The immunomodulatory effects of two plant regulators, cycloheximide and maleic hydrazide, were investigated by injecting the compounds twice weekly for 4 weeks in female Swiss Webster white mice. The animals were antigenically challenged with sheep red blood cells on day 24 of the study. Although humoral immunity was the primary system examined, analysis included all of the following parameters: spleen plaque forming cells (PFC's), lymphocyte viability, spleen lymphocyte counts, hemolysin titers, total plasma proteins, total white blood cells counts, hematocrit, total body weight, and liver, thymus and spleen weights. Cyclophosphamide and physiological saline were used as the respective positive and negative control substances. The dosing was as follows: cyclophosphamide at 50 mg/kg/injection, cycloheximide at 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg/injection and maleic hydrazide at 125 and 250 mg/kg/injection. Cycloheximide significantly (P less than .05) reduced, in a dose-dependent fashion, the thymus wt/gram of body weight, the number of PFC's/gram of spleen, total lymphocytes/gram of spleen, PFC's per 10(6) viable spleen lymphocytes and the hemolysin antibody titer levels. Maleic hydrazide significantly reduced thymus weights and moderately lowered the ratio of PFC's per 10(6) viable spleen lymphocytes. Maleic hydrazide significantly elevated total lymphocytes per gram of spleen and the hemolysin titer (up to 133% over saline control values). There was an elevation in the number of PFC's per gm of spleen by maleic hydrazide and the overall effects were dose related. Cycloheximide, a known inhibitor of protein synthesis, was distinctly the most suppressive of the two plant growth regulators. Both agents are widely utilized on agricultural products and the results suggest the need for care in their application and residue removal. Used properly, the plant growth regulators may pose little or no human health hazard, but this report documents a new biological activity for these agents. PMID- 6617532 TI - DEET (N,N-diethyltoluamide) does not affect sperm number, viability and head morphology in male rats treated dermally. AB - DEET (N,N-Diethyltoluamide) was applied dermally to groups of 80 Sprague Dawley rats 5 days/week for 9 weeks (63 days), at three dose levels, (100, 300, and 1000 mg/kg). The undiluted material was applied with micropipettes to shaved patches. There was no run off and the material wet out onto the skin. Dose levels were calculated based on mean weights and adjusted weekly by reweighing half the animals in each group and calculating a mean body weight. Animals were scheduled for kill at three times; days 36-37, 65-66 and 95-96 after initiation of treatment. Data collected at each kill included sperm count, viability as assessed by ATP levels and morphology; testes histopathology (control and high dose groups only) and body and organ weights (liver, kidneys and testes). DEET, when applied dermally, did not alter sperm count, sperm morphology, sperm viability, body weight or food consumption at any dose level tested. PMID- 6617533 TI - Spectrum of oral disease induced by drugs and other bioactive agents. Diagnosis and management. PMID- 6617534 TI - [Detection of diastrophic dysplasia in early pregnancy]. PMID- 6617536 TI - [Late prognosis after surgery for ventricular septal defect]. PMID- 6617535 TI - [Conjunctival biopsy in sarcoidosis]. PMID- 6617537 TI - [Dry cough as a leading symptom in two patients with Sjogren's Syndrome]. PMID- 6617539 TI - Ethmoid and frontal sinus fractures. PMID- 6617538 TI - [Demonstration of thrombophlebitis in jugular veins]. PMID- 6617540 TI - Fractures of the maxilla. PMID- 6617541 TI - Management of mandibular fractures. PMID- 6617542 TI - Interosseous wiring in the treatment of maxillofacial trauma. PMID- 6617543 TI - Single dose treatment of acute gonorrhoea with Cefuroxime: experience from Zaria, Nigeria. PMID- 6617544 TI - Pancreatic pseudocysts in childhood. Report of 2 cases from Ibadan, Nigeria. PMID- 6617546 TI - Writing medico-legal reports. PMID- 6617545 TI - Hairy cell leukaemia (leukaemic reticuloendotheliosis) at Kenyatta National Hospital (case reports). PMID- 6617547 TI - Practical therapeutics: an approach to the diagnosis and management of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. PMID- 6617548 TI - Nutritional status, parasitic infections and health of roadworkers in 4 areas of Kenya: Part II Kirinyaga and Murang'a Districts, the highlands. PMID- 6617549 TI - The use of the leishmanin skin-test to define transmission of leishmaniasis in Baringo district, Kenya. PMID- 6617550 TI - Subarachnoid haemorrhage--another smoking related disease. PMID- 6617551 TI - Entomological, bacteriological and serological observations after the 1977 plague outbreak in Mbulu District, Tanzania. PMID- 6617552 TI - Sonar cephalometry and fetal age relationship in the Nigerian women. PMID- 6617553 TI - Deaths associated with anaesthesia and surgery at the Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, 1972-1979. PMID- 6617555 TI - Campylobacter gastroenteritis in Nairobi. PMID- 6617554 TI - Patterns of cardiac mural thrombi at Kenyatta National Hospital. PMID- 6617557 TI - Heel pad thickness in normal Nigerians and patients with acromegaly. PMID- 6617556 TI - External otitis in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. PMID- 6617558 TI - In vitro cultivation of East African Leishmania. PMID- 6617559 TI - Simple anthropometry in malnourished children. PMID- 6617560 TI - Secretor status of donors in Dar es Salaam. PMID- 6617561 TI - Risk factors associated with cerebrovascular accidents in Nigerians (a case control study). PMID- 6617562 TI - On the relevance of microecosystems for risk assessment: some considerations for environmental toxicology. AB - Microecosystems (any multispecies system with at least two trophic levels and its abiotic surroundings, (partly) enclosed by artificial boundaries for the purpose of research) differ from natural ecosystems by reason of enclosure and scale. Their application to environmental toxicology has been of interest where fate and behavior of contaminants markedly modify the exposure of biota to them and hence the environmental hazard. Evaluation of literature data, both from a scientific and a regulatory point of view, indicates that a standardized microecosystem design is unlikely to contribute to environmental hazard rating if it were to replace currently used test schedules. On the other hand, microecosystems may be applied usefully for the evaluation of ambient environmental quality criteria, provided that the design is suitable for replicable long-term continuous exposure experiments. Also, they provide a possible means to appraise the validity of bench tests for the assessment of real-world hazards. PMID- 6617563 TI - Effects of ecotoxicological chemicals on passive plasmalemma permeability in plants. AB - The measurement of changes of electrical conductivity in the external medium of isolated mesophyll protoplasts of Vicia faba, tissue disks of red beetroot (Beta vulgaris), and intact duckweed plants (Lemna gibba) was used to determine nonspecific electrolyte efflux. This provided rapid screening tests to assess the impact of environmental chemicals on passive membrane permeabilities. The conditions of the tests and their applicability to environmental studies are described in detail. Twenty-five reference chemicals selected by the Bundesminister fur Forschung und Technologie (BMFT, FRG) were tested. The sequence of effectiveness of the various substances was similar in the different test systems and appeared to be independent of the organizational level of the plant material. Passive electrolyte efflux was most effectively stimulated by HgCl2, pentachlorophenol (PCP), and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (LAS). The threshold concentrations showing clear stimulation of electrolyte efflux after 3 hr of application with protoplasts and 24 hr with tissue disks were in the vicinity of relevant environmental levels. The tests described allow the detection of effects at least down to concentrations of 0.004 mol m-3 HgCl2, 0.001 mol m-3 PCP, and 0.04 mol m-3 LAS. Other putatively very toxic chemicals were ineffective in these short-term permeability tests. PMID- 6617565 TI - Fate of chemicals in plant-soil systems: comparison of laboratory test data with results of open air long-term experiments. AB - Three laboratory short-term test systems were used to determine volatilization rates, mineralization rates, and conversion rates of 14 14C-labeled chemicals in soils or soil-plant systems. The chemicals covered a wide range of water solubility, vapor pressure, chemical stability, and biodegradability. In order to compare the data obtained with the environmental behavior of the respective chemicals, data from an outdoor experimental setup which had been shown to give residue data within the range limits of field conditions were used. Volatilization rates, mineralization rates, and conversion rates obtained in the laboratory were correlated to those found under outdoor conditions. Based on these correlations, predictions of field residues were made. The predicted values for total field residues were comparable to those found experimentally with the exception of two chemicals. The prediction of residues of unchanged parent compounds in the field was less satisfactory. The reasons for differences observed are discussed. PMID- 6617564 TI - The effect of temperature on physiological changes in carp, Cyprinus carpio L., induced by phenol. AB - Carp were exposed to four sublethal phenol concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10 mg/liter) at two temperatures (12 and 17 degrees C). Blood and tissue samples were taken after various periods (1-72 hr) of exposure. For each period controls were taken. Serum concentrations of glucose, cortisol, protein, cholesterol, and triglycerides were determined. Parallelly, the liver glycogen content and the relation of wet and dry weight of the white epaxial muscle were measured. No general significant differences were found among the phenol-treated groups exposed to concentrations of 1 mg/liter and lower. After exposure to these concentrations only serum cortisol showed a significant elevation versus control at both temperatures. In fish exposed to 10 mg/liter a temperature-dependent, significant response to the stressor was found: At the lower temperature mostly a higher stress response occurred in the measured parameters. Fish, which were exposed for 7 days to 10 mg/liter, recovered from all changes after a retransfer to unpolluted water at 17 degrees C. PMID- 6617566 TI - Toxicity of selected priority pollutants to various aquatic organisms. AB - Toxicity tests were conducted with selected compounds listed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as priority pollutants. Acute toxicity information was determined for acenaphthene, arsenic trioxide, cadmium chloride, mercury(II) chloride, silver nitrate, chlordane, endosulfan, and heptachlor. Acute tests were conducted using one or more of the following species: fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), brown trout (Salmo trutta), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus), snails (Aplexa hypnorum), or chironomids (Tanytarsus dissimilis). Acute values from these tests ranged from a silver nitrate 96-hr LC50 of 6.7 micrograms/liter for fathead minnows to an arsenic trioxide 48-hr LC50 of 97,000 micrograms/liter for chironomids. In addition to acute tests, a fathead minnow embryo-larval exposure was conducted with silver nitrate to estimate chronic toxicity. The estimated maximum acceptable toxicant concentration for silver nitrate, based on fathead minnow survival, lies between 0.37 and 0.65 micrograms/liter. PMID- 6617567 TI - The effect of ascorbic acid on sodium nitrite-induced methemoglobin formation in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient erythrocytes. AB - Ascorbic acid significantly reduced the occurrence of sodium nitrite-induced methemoglobin (METHB) formation in a dose-dependent manner in erythrocytes from glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD)-deficient humans in vitro. The ascorbic acid treatment, however, also decreased levels of reduced GSH in a dose dependent manner, a response indicative of oxidant stress to the erythrocyte membrane. The latter findings are inconsistent with the hypothesis that ascorbic acid supplementation in G-6-PD-deficient humans may help compensate for inherently low levels of erythrocyte GSH. Finally, the ascorbic acid-induced reduction of METHB values, while of statistical significance, does not appear to be of clinical significance. PMID- 6617568 TI - An evaluation of the dorset sheep as a predictive animal model for the response of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient human erythrocytes to a proposed systemic toxic ozone intermediate, methyl oleate ozonide. AB - Erythrocytes of both glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD)-deficient humans and Dorset sheep, an animal model with an erythrocyte G-6-PD deficiency, responded in a dose-dependent manner to the oxidant stress of methyl oleate ozonide (MOO) as measured by decreases in G-6-PD activity, increases in methemoglobin (METHB) levels, and decreases in GSH. However, the human G-6-PD deficient erythrocytes were considerably more sensitive to the formation of METHB than the sheep erythrocytes while the reverse was the case for the GSH parameter. The results suggest a qualitative difference in the response of sheep erythrocytes and human G-6-PD-deficient erythrocytes to MOO that seriously questions the value of the sheep erythrocyte as a quantitatively accurate predictive model. PMID- 6617569 TI - Thyroid hormones and plasma corticosteroid binding globulin capacity in fetal and newborn lambs. AB - Although the increase in plasma corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) capacity during late gestation in the fetal sheep is dependent on an intact fetal pituitary, the possible role of thyroid hormones is unknown. In rats, thyroid hormones control the postnatal increase in CBG. In the present study we investigated the effect of thyroidectomy and T3 treatment on CBG capacity in both the fetal and newborn lamb. Fifteen fetal lambs were thyroidectomized in utero at 119-121 days gestation and then infused with either vehicle or T3 (8-50 micrograms/h) for 8 days. Thyroidectomy alone did not prevent the expected increase in CBG capacity. T3 treatment of thyroidectomized fetuses caused a dose dependent reduction in CBG capacity (maximum decrease = 31% of control). By contrast, plasma concentrations of total protein, albumin, and beta-globulins were unaltered. T3 treatment reduced plasma total corticoid concentrations, but the unbound level was unchanged. Administration of T3 (maximum dose 8 micrograms/h) to one intact fetus did not affect CBG capacity. Eleven newborn lambs were thyroidectomized between 2 and 8 days of age and infused with either vehicle or T3 (25 micrograms/h) for 8 days. Thyroidectomy alone did not prevent the normal decrease in CBG capacity after birth. T3 administration to the thyroidectomized lambs resulted in even lower plasma CBG capacity. We conclude that the prenatal increase in CBG capacity of the fetal sheep is not regulated by thyroid hormones, and that pharmacological concentrations of T3 decrease plasma CBG capacity and secondarily plasma corticoids. These findings indicate that CBG in the fetal sheep is apparently controlled by a different hormone(s) than in other species which have been studied. PMID- 6617570 TI - Veratridine and ouabain stimulate calcium-dependent prolactin release. AB - We have investigated the effects of veratridine, a Na+ channel activator, and ouabain, an inhibitor of Na+-K+-ATPase, on short term (1-h) PRL release from primary cultures of rat anterior pituitary cells and from the rat anterior pituitary cell line GH4C1 in culture. Both compounds should increase intracellular Na+. Veratridine (20-500 microM) and ouabain (0.1-3 mM) stimulated PRL release from normal cells. The stimulation was inhibited by the omission of Ca++ from the release buffer or by preincubation with the calcium channel blocker D600 (20-500 microM), suggesting a role for Ca++ in the action of these compounds. Ouabain (1 mM), but not veratridine (200 microM), stimulated PRL release from GH4C1 cells, an effect that was also inhibited by calcium channel blockers. In the presence of the dopaminergic agonist bromocriptine (30 nM), the amount of stimulated release by veratridine (200 microM) and ouabain (1 mM) was reduced by 50%. The veratridine effect was only partially inhibited by preincubation of the cells with the Na+ channel blocker tetrodotoxin (1 and 10 microM), but the effect was inhibited completely when Na+ in the buffer was replaced by choline, suggesting that the action of veratridine requires extracellular Na+. The results of this study indicate that 1) ouabain- and veratridine-stimulated PRL release are largely dependent on Ca++; 2) veratridine appears to act through a tetrodotoxin-insensitive mechanism; and 3) stimulation of PRL release by these compounds is similar to that by 50 mM KCl and cAMP in its sensitivity to bromocriptine. PMID- 6617571 TI - Distribution and metabolism of L- and D-triiodothyronine (T3) in the rat: preferential accumulation of L-T3 by hepatic and cardiac nuclei as a probable explanation of the differential biological potency of T3 enantiomers. AB - Previous studies have reported markedly lower biological potency of D-T3 than would be predicted from its relative affinity for the specific nuclear L-T3 receptor as measured in vitro. Studies were undertaken to define the basis of this discrepancy. In vitro studies of the relative binding affinities of [125I]L T3 and [125I]D-T3 using either whole nuclei or partially purified solubilized receptor confirmed several previous reports which had indicated only small relative differences. The mean L/D binding ratio of all in vitro studies was 1.43. In contrast, we determined from measurement of final alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity that the potency ratio (L/D) after seven daily injections of graded doses of L- and D-T3 was 6.7 for liver, with 95% confidence limits of 4.1 to 10.8, and 15.9 for heart, with 95% confidence limits of 5.1 to 50.2. Difference in biological potency could not be attributed to differences in the metabolism of L- and D-T3. Thus, tracer [125I]L- and [125I]D-T3 studies showed that the mean residence time, t, of L-T3 was not different from that of D-T3 [10.6 +/- (SE) 3.1 h vs. 11.4 +/- 3.8 h]. The MCR for L-T3 was 19.1 +/- 4.4 ml/h . 100 g BW and for D-T3, 26.1 +/- 5.6 ml/h . 100 g BW. The volume of distribution of L-T3 (181 ml/100 g BW) was 68% that of D-T3 (263 ml/100 g BW), in part owing to the 27% greater plasma binding (bp) of L-T3. Moreover, the calculated free hormone clearance (MCR X bp) of D-T3 was only 8% greater than for L-T3. Throughout the 24 h after injection of the [125I]L- or D-T3, concentrations of the D-enantiomer in liver were almost twice those of [125I]L-T3, whereas in heart [125I]D-T3 concentrations were half or less those of [125I]L-T3. Nevertheless, in both liver and heart, the integrated nuclear occupancy of L-T3 was 5 to 6 times that of D-T3, approaching the ratio in biological potency observed in the tissues. Thus, selective nuclear binding of L-T3 vs. D-T3 in vivo appears to be a major determinant in the relative biological effects of these enantiomers. PMID- 6617572 TI - Antigonadal effects of timed melatonin infusion in pinealectomized male Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus sungorus): duration is the critical parameter. AB - To determine which parameter of the day/night pattern of pineal melatonin secretion is the critical component signaling daylength information in the Djungarian hamster, we have developed a method for giving timed sc melatonin infusions in pinealectomized juvenile males. When given for 12 h daily, as little as 10 ng melatonin (14 pg/min) consistently induced testicular regression within 12 days. However, 10 ng melatonin infused for 4 or 6 h daily did not inhibit gonadal development. The effects of these infusions on the reproductive system did not depend on the time of day at which melatonin was administered. In complementary experiments, the minimal daily infusion duration and the critical daylength for induction of testicular regression were determined. The critical length of infusion (7-8 h) was in close agreement with the estimated duration of melatonin secretion during the critical scotophase. These findings support the hypothesis that melatonin mediates the pineal-antigonadal effects of short day exposure in the Djungarian hamster. Furthermore, the data strongly suggest that duration is the feature of nighttime melatonin release that is most important for photoperiodic time measurement in this species. PMID- 6617573 TI - Termination of prolactin surges with development of placental lactogen secretion in the pregnant rat. AB - It has been hypothesized that it is rat placental lactogen (rPL) which causes PRL surges to terminate at mid-pregnancy. Using a hormonally induced model of delayed implantation, the temporal relationship between the secretion of rPL and the nocturnal PRL surges was followed. Implantation was prevented by removing the ovaries, the source of estrogen, on day 3 of pregnancy. Blastocysts were maintained free-floating in the uterine lumen by sc injection of 4 mg progesterone in oil daily for 0, 5, 7, or 9 days. Implantation was induced and the subsequent pregnancy was maintained with 1 microgram estrone plus 4 mg progesterone daily. Nocturnal PRL surges (0500 h) were followed for 10 days after the first estrone injection. Control animals last exhibited PRL surges on day 10. Animals with 5, 7, or 9 days of implantation delay had their last PRL surge on days 15, 17, and 18, respectively. Levels of rPL in control animals, as measured by Nb2 lymphoma cell bioassay, were low on day 6, slightly higher on day 10, and significantly elevated on day 12. Delaying implantation delayed the increase in rPL secretion in the experimental groups. This proportionately prolonged the number of days the PRL surges were present. These data suggest that the termination of the nocturnal PRL surges requires the secretion of rPL by the developing conceptus. PMID- 6617574 TI - Human growth hormone increases intestinal vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein in hypophysectomized rats. AB - We examined the effects of hypophysectomy and pituitary hormone replacement on vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein (CaBP) in rat small intestine. The concentration of immunoreactive CaBP per mg intestinal protein was decreased by at least 56% in hypophysectomized rats compared to that in intact pair-fed controls. Alkaline phosphatase and total protein also were reduced by hypophysectomy, but pair-feeding produced comparable decreases. Daily injections of 2, 10, or 50 micrograms human GH (hGH) for 9 days produced a dose-dependent increase in CaBP. At the highest hGH dose (50 micrograms), the content of CaBP was increased 2- to 4-fold to intact levels. By comparison, the increases in total protein and alkaline phosphatase were small (25% to 40% and 80% to 90%, respectively). The induction of CaBP preceded the other protein responses; half maximal increases in CaBP occurred after 2 days of hGH (50 micrograms/day) treatment before statistically significant changes in total protein or alkaline phosphatase activity. hGH was the most potent pituitary hormone tested; ovine TSH (25 mU/day) had no effect on CaBP, and ovine PRL (10 or 50 micrograms/day) increased CaBP by only 25-27% (P = 0.014). These studies indicate that the vitamin D-dependent intestinal CaBP in hypophysectomized rats is regulated by GH and provide further evidence that the pituitary may be involved in regulating vitamin D-dependent intestinal adaptations. PMID- 6617575 TI - Origin of insulin-receptive nerve terminals in rat median eminence. AB - The origin of insulin-receptive axon terminals in the rat median eminence was determined by combining surgical and chemical ablation techniques and the in vivo radioautographic approach, in which labeling of the median eminence with blood borne [125I]insulin served as a quantifiable marker for the presence of receptive axonal elements. Whereas unilateral deafferentation of the median eminence from the ipsilateral brain produced as much as a 50% ipsilateral loss of insulin binding sites, transection of axonal projections to median eminence from neurons located lateral to the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus produced no detectable loss in insulin-binding capacity. Unilateral electrocoagulation of various regions of the medial basal hypothalamus indicated that insulin-receptive axon terminals arise primarily from neurons in and about the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and from the posterior ventrolateral subdivision of the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus. A primary site of origin from the arcuate nucleus was confirmed in rats treated neonatally with monosodium L-glutamate, which, in addition to a selective destruction of arcuate neurons, produced a profound reduction in the insulin-specific binding capacity of the median eminence. The results of this study indicate that insulin-binding axon terminals arise from a unique class of tuberoinfundibular neuron with hormone-receptive capacity. These neurons may function to mediate direct interaction of circulating insulin with central autonomical, behavioral, and neuroendocrine systems. PMID- 6617576 TI - A comparison of the tissue distribution and metabolism of 11-deoxy-[1,2 3H]corticosterone in the BALB/c and C57BL/6 strains of mice. AB - Corticosteroid side-chain isomerase of mouse liver catalyzes the reversible interconversion of the ketol and aldol configurations of the corticosteroid side chain. Activity of the enzyme is under genetic control. To see if the differences in activity that were observed in vitro between inbred strains of mice were also expressed in vivo, the metabolism of 11-deoxy-[1,2-3H]corticosterone ([1,2 3H]DOC) was studied in BALB/c (C) and C57BL/6 (B6) mice. Maximum radioactivity appeared in most organs within 5-10 min after ip injection. Uptake of tracer into liver was greater for C than B6 mice. Tritium levels in blood, kidney, and pancreas were higher in C mice; levels in adrenal, abdominal fat, and mesentery were higher in B6 mice. In both strains, the concentrations of tracer in tissues, except in gastrointestinal tract, declined and reached a minimum within 60 min. Most of the radioactivity (84%) from [1,2-3H]DOC accumulated in the lumen of the intestinal tract, and few counts were found in the wall. Intestinal concentrations of 3H at different postinjection intervals were greater for B6 than C mice. In contrast, twice as much radioactivity appeared in the kidneys of C than of B6 mice. The organs of excretion (kidney, liver, gall bladder, and intestine) concentrated steroid from blood. Heart, striated muscle, and spleen excluded steroid. Four acidic metabolites of [1,2-3H]DOC were detected in liver, and two were detected in small intestine. Acids formed in liver did not accumulate, and no differences between C and B6 strains were seen. More acid metabolites accumulated in intestines of C mice than in those of B6 mice. The quantitative aspects of steroid acid formation in vivo are consistent with our previous in vitro findings that livers from C mice synthesize more pregnolic acid from DOC than do livers from B6 mice. PMID- 6617577 TI - Midpregnancy elevation of serum androstenedione levels in the C3H/HeN mouse: placental origin. AB - The purpose of this study was to characterize the serum profile of androstenedione during pregnancy in the C3H/HeN mouse and to determine the site of its production. Serum androstenedione levels were characterized by a prominent midpregnancy elevation and were substantially higher than testosterone levels during pregnancy. The results of our studies support a placental site of production for androstenedione during midpregnancy: 1) uterine venous levels of androstenedione are higher than peripheral androstenedione levels at midpregnancy and during the second half of pregnancy, 2) developmental changes in the in vitro release of androstenedione by conceptuses coincide temporally with serum changes in androstenedione levels, 3) the day 10 placenta releases significantly more androstenedione in vitro than do other endocrine tissues from day 10 of pregnancy, and 4) serum androstenedione levels are maintained after bilateral ovariectomy on day 10 of pregnancy. PMID- 6617578 TI - Autoradiographic demonstration of high affinity nuclear binding and finite binding capacity of [3H]estradiol in mouse vaginal cells. AB - Vaginae from adult C57Bl/6J mice were analyzed for nuclear estrogen-binding sites by biochemical as well as in vitro steroid autoradiographic methods. Finite binding capacity (saturability) and high affinity binding were demonstrated in stromal cell nuclei (Kd = 1.0 nM) by autoradiographic methods and in nuclear extracts of vaginal homogenates (Kd = 1.9 nM) by biochemical techniques. The results of this study demonstrate that all criteria considered definitive for estrogen receptors can be met by autoradiographic analysis, which makes feasible the assessment of estrogen receptor activity in the individual cell types that comprise fetal and neonatal estrogen target organs. PMID- 6617579 TI - Counterantigonadotropic effect of melatonin administered via the drinking water. AB - Plasma melatonin levels in Syrian hamsters were augmented by the addition of melatonin to the drinking water. Preliminary experiments in pinealectomized hamsters indicated that doses in the range of 2-5 micrograms/ml in the drinking water would produce variable levels of plasma melatonin, approximately in the physiological range (10-100 pg/ml). Two protocols were used, one to demonstrate the antigonadotropic effect of melatonin and the other to elicit the counter antigonadotropic effect. In the antigonadotropic protocol, 100-g intact male hamsters were housed under a 14-h light, 10-h dark cycle for 10 weeks. Contrary to our hypothesis, there was no effect of melatonin in the drinking water on testis mass (dose range, 0.059-50 micrograms/ml). The counterantigonadotropic protocol involved the use of 100-g male hamsters that were blinded and housed under conditions similar to those of the first protocol. They received melatonin in concentrations ranging from 1.8-320 micrograms/ml. At 10 weeks, the blinded hamsters receiving no melatonin had the expected drop in testis mass to 0.56 g. In the range from 2.4-10 micrograms/ml melatonin, there was a highly variable response, but generally, higher doses resulted in higher testis mass. In the range of 20-320 micrograms/ml, the blind hamsters had mostly normal appearing large testes (mean, 3.3 g). The following conclusions were reached. 1) We produced the well known counterantigonadotropic effect of melatonin by administration via the drinking water ad libitum. 2) We could not produce the antigonadotropic effect by similar means. PMID- 6617580 TI - Failure of prolactin short loop feedback mechanism to operate in old as compared to young female rats. AB - The short loop feedback effect of PRL was studied in young (4-5 months of age) and old (24-26 months of age) ovariectomized rats after a single iv injection of bovine PRL (bPRL, 500 micrograms/100 g BW) or BSA (500 micrograms/100 g BW). Blood samples were collected via intraatrial cannula every 20 min for assay of PRL. Plasma PRL levels in both young and old ovariectomized rats were pulsatile in nature, and showed approximately one PRL pulse per hour. The magnitude of the PRL peaks and concentrations of plasma PRL, but not the number of PRL peaks, were significantly greater in the old than in the young rats. The effect of bPRL on in situ PRL release was studied after verifying that bPRL does not cross-react with rat PRL RIA, but does significantly increase the release of [3H] dopamine from the median eminence in vitro. This latter effect was dose dependent. In young rats, a single injection of bPRL minimally reduced the concentration of plasma PRL between 100 min and 5 h, but by 22-25 h it decreased plasma PRL to approximately one third of preinjection levels. The magnitude of the PRL pulses, but not the pulse frequency was significantly reduced after administration of bPRL treatment to young rats. Treatment with BSA did not alter the concentration of plasma PRL or the magnitude and frequency of the PRL pulses in young rats. In old rats, plasma PRL concentrations and the frequency and magnitude of the PRL pulses were not significantly decreased after injection of either bPRL or BSA. Thus, the feedback inhibition of PRL on PRL release may not be operative in old rats. The loss of the short loop feedback inhibition of PRL is believed to be due to the reduction in hypothalamic dopaminergic activity previously reported by our and other laboratories in old rats. PMID- 6617581 TI - The effects of amiodarone on serum thyroid hormones and hepatic thyroxine 5' monodeiodination in rats. AB - Amiodarone (2-n-butyl-3,4'-diethylaminoethoxy-3', 5'-diiodobenzoyl-benzofurane) is an antiarrhythmic drug which increases serum T4 and rT3 levels in patients and lowers serum T3 levels. To investigate its effects on T4 metabolism and its cardiac action, we fed amiodarone to male Fisher rats at doses of 5, 15, and 45 mg/kg BW X day; controls received potassium iodide for 4-7 weeks, and another group received sodium ipodate. At 4 weeks, amiodarone caused a dose-dependent increase in the serum T4 concentration and a slight reduction of serum TSH without a change in the serum T3 concentration. These changes were not present at 7 weeks. Sodium ipodate raised serum T4 concentrations at both times. Rats treated with T4 (150 micrograms/kg BW X day) to suppress thyroidal secretion of hormone and with amiodarone (15 mg/kg) had marked reduction of serum T3 concentrations compared with controls receiving T4 without amiodarone. Liver homogenates from rats treated with amiodarone showed marked reduction on T4 5' monodeiodinase activity in a dose-related manner. Amiodarone added to liver homogenates in vitro at concentrations of 0.001-1 mM did not inhibit T3 production from T4, whereas ipodate added in vitro (0.01-1 mM) did inhibit T3 production. Rats treated with amiodarone showed a lowering of the resting heart rate and a reduction of the increment in heart rate after iv isoproterenol administration. The cardiac Ca++ myosin ATPase activity was reduced in rats receiving amiodarone (45 mg/kg) compared with that in controls. The data indicate that rats treated with amiodarone have reduced peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 owing to impaired hepatic T4 5'-monodeiodinase activity. In addition, these rats have slowing of heart rate and reduction of cardiac Ca++ myosin ATPase activity. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that amiodarone blocks some effects of thyroid hormone on the heart, but additional studies are needed to test this hypothesis. PMID- 6617582 TI - Physicochemical characterization of the androgen receptor in rat uterine cytosol. AB - In this manuscript a number of physicochemical and DNA-binding properties of the androgen receptor from rat uterus were characterized. The dissociation of [3H]testosterone from the receptor followed first order kinetics, with a half time dissociation rate of approximately 48 h at 0 C. Maximum binding was maintained at pH 7. Ammonium sulfate precipitated the receptor at concentrations between 25-40% saturation. Gel filtration and sucrose gradient analysis revealed a 62 A, 6S binding component (mol wt, 167,000; frictional ratio, 1.71) in both the absence and presence of the protease inhibitor leupeptin. Isoelectric focusing revealed an isoelectric point of 5.9. The receptor bound to DEAE agarose, heparin-Sepharose, and hydroxylapatite. Increased receptor binding to phosphocellulose and DNA-cellulose was observed after heat treatment at 24 C for 30 min. These results demonstrate that the uterine androgen receptor has many properties similar to those of androgen receptors in male target tissues. PMID- 6617583 TI - Chronic estrogen treatment reduces angiotensin II receptors in the anterior pituitary. AB - We have demonstrated previously that angiotensin II (ANG II) receptors in the rat pituitary fluctuate with the stage of the estrous cycle, with the highest binding level found in diestrus and the lowest found in estrus. These findings were extended in the present study by examining the role of estrogens in variations of ANG II binding. Ovariectomized rats were treated with a Silastic implant containing estradiol benzoate for 4 or 14 days before death, and pituitary [125I]ANG II binding was measured. Compared to that in ovariectomized controls, ANG II binding in the anterior pituitary was found to be significantly reduced after either 4 or 14 days of estrogen treatment. This reduction was mainly an effect on receptor density rather than receptor affinity. The observed apparent Kd and receptor density were as follows: ovariectomized controls, 0.8 nM and 92 fmol/mg protein; 4 days of estrogen treatment, 1.0 nM and 25 fmol/mg protein; 14 days of estrogen treatment, 0.8 nM and 12 fmol/mg protein. We conclude that estrogen treatment leads to a reduction in ANG II-binding sites in the anterior pituitary, and this effect may account for the reduction of pituitary ANG II receptors at estrus. PMID- 6617584 TI - Characterization of the glucocorticoid receptor translocated to the nucleus in intact AtT-20 mouse pituitary tumor cells at low temperatures. AB - Although low temperatures retard the nuclear translocation of glucocorticoid receptor complexes, they do not completely inhibit it. To gain insight into the mechanism of nuclear translocation, we determined the Stokes radius and surface charge density of the receptors bound to the nucleus at 0 C and compared them with the values obtained from standard preparations of activated and unactivated glucocorticoid receptors. Specifically, intact, viable AtT-20 cells were incubated at 0 C for 3 h with 10 nM tritiated triamcinolone acetonide and the nuclear receptor extracted with 0.3 M KCl/20 mM sodium molybdate. These nuclear receptors were found to elute from an Agarose A 1.5 m column with a Stokes radius identical to that of an "activated" receptor (6.4 nm) but eluted from a DEAE column at the same position as an "unactivated" species (0.17 M KCl). From these results we hypothesize that the change in receptor structure that leads to nuclear binding is a multistep process, and although the change in molecular size may be a prerequisite for nuclear binding, the change in surface charge is not. PMID- 6617585 TI - Changes in simple and complex behaviors following kindled seizures in rats: opioid and nonopioid medication. AB - To learn more about postictal behaviors and their underlying mechanisms, five behaviors and EEG recordings were studied following fully generalized, kindled seizures in rats. The behaviors included bar pressing for food; tail withdrawal, squeak, and multiple squeak responses to painful tail shocks; consumption of freely available food; clinging to a vertical grid; and locomotion. Latencies from the end of a seizure afterdischarge until each behavior recovered were compared and were found to cluster in three distinct pairs. Locomotion and grid clinging recovered most quickly; consumption of freely available food and EEG postictal depression recovered next; and bar pressing for food and the multiple squeak response recovered most slowly. Naloxone pretreatment (10 mg/kg but not 1 mg/kg) shortened recovery to multiple squeak responses, grid clinging, and locomotion, without affecting recovery of bar pressing, food consumption, or EEG postictal depression. These results suggest that complex behaviors recover more slowly following a seizure than simple behaviors. It also appears that opioids are released by a kindled seizure and mediate certain postictal changes in motor- and pain-related behaviors. PMID- 6617586 TI - Lateral hemifield flickering pattern stimulation in a patient with pattern sensitive epilepsy. AB - Provocative effects of paroxysmal discharges (PDs) by lateral hemifield pattern stimuli were studied in a 24-year-old female patient with pattern-sensitive epilepsy. Provocation of focal posterior PDs in the contralateral hemisphere became more evident by adding 15/s flicker to the lateral hemifield pattern (hemifield flickering pattern) stimuli than by stimulus with the lateral hemifield grate pattern or with the lateral hemifield dot pattern alone. Such a finding was also observed when lateral hemifield flickering pattern stimuli were given to each eye. In this patient, left hemifield flickering pattern stimuli were slightly more effective than right hemifield stimuli in provoking the corresponding focal posterior PDs. It is suggested that lateral hemifield flickering pattern stimuli might be useful for a precise EEG examination of the posterior regions of the brain in patients with pattern-sensitive epilepsy and allied conditions. PMID- 6617587 TI - The importance of seizure-inducing factors in the control of refractory forms of epilepsy. AB - Of over 40 known epileptogenic mechanisms, some 10 vary from hour to hour, depending upon habit factors and the daily activities of the patients. Tension states, alterations of level of consciousness, sleep deprivation, disturbances of water and acid-base balances, sensory and drug stimulation, and drug withdrawal are the principal factors involved. Their importance varies widely in patients, as well as with time. This fact and the concentration of physicians upon drug therapy have served to deemphasize this aspect of antiepileptic therapy. This point was clearly verified by reviews of the literature. In a prospective study of 500 drug-resistant patients, such seizure-inducing mechanisms were studied. Methods of identification, evaluation, and regulation were developed. The results indicate that in selected patients the regulation of such factors may play a significant role in the stabilization and improvement of the underlying epileptic condition. In 17% of a refractory group, such factors were found to be of crucial importance. In spite of intensive efforts with drug therapy over the past 4 decades, the incidence of drug-resistant cases remains high. The more comprehensive approach suggested offers an attractive, partial solution to this difficult problem. PMID- 6617588 TI - An association between epileptic seizures and increased serum bacterial antibody levels. AB - Increased serum levels of a variety of bacterial antibodies were more common in unselected patients with recent epileptic seizures than in healthy control subjects (17/29 versus 2/31; p less than 0.001). In most of these cases no infections were recognized clinically or bacteriologically. Although infections have been considered as one of the possible provocations for the manifestation of epileptic seizures, the demonstrated strong association may give a new approach to the pathogenetic mechanisms of epileptic seizures or may mean a nonspecific immune response. The explanation for the higher antibody titers in epileptic patients and their etiologic significance are uncertain, but these results also suggest that epileptic seizures may very often be triggered by bacterial infections even when no clinically apparent bacterial infection has been recognized. PMID- 6617589 TI - Psychological disturbances and folic acid in chronic epileptic outpatients. AB - The relationship between serum folate level and psychological disturbances was studied in a series of 95 chronic epileptic outpatients. All were nondrinkers. Serum folic acid in all cases and vitamin B12 in 83 cases were determined by radioimmunoassay. Only three factors were significantly related with psychological disturbances: serum levels of folic acid were significantly lower and the mean corpuscular volume of the erythrocytes was significantly higher in disturbed patients, particularly in those with the most severe psychiatric syndromes, and the incidence of disturbances was significantly higher in patients treated with three or more drugs. Conversely, variables such as number or type of seizures, duration of epilepsy, duration of treatment, presence of structural neurological lesions, previous mental retardation, or focal temporal lobe disturbances in the EEG did not show any statistical relationship to the presence of psychological disturbances. No relevant relationship was found between serum vitamin B12 and psychological disturbances. PMID- 6617590 TI - Increased deposition of cholesterol in brain after electroconvulsive seizure. AB - Rats injected intracranially with cholesterol precursors and subjected to electroconvulsive seizures showed significantly higher levels of deposition of [4 14C]cholesterol into brain cholesterol than controls. The degree of incorporation was cholesterol greater than mevalonic acid greater than sodium acetate; in each case convulsed animals exceeded unshocked animals. Enhanced turnover of brain cholesterol with incorporation of circulating sterol may be associated with the etiology of convulsive seizures. PMID- 6617591 TI - Bioavailability of rectally administered carbamazepine suspension in dogs. AB - The relative bioavailability of an investigational carbamazepine suspension was studied following rectal administration in dogs. Doses of carbamazepine, 20 mg/kg, were given to six dogs. The routes of administration were oral tablet, oral suspension, and rectal suspension. There was no significant difference (p greater than 0.05) in total absorption, as indicated by the area under the serum concentration-time curve between the oral and rectal suspensions. The notable differences between the oral suspension and the rectal suspension were in the maximum serum concentration achieved and the time to achieve this maximum serum concentration. This is due to a prolonged absorption of carbamazepine given rectally, which may limit the ability to achieve therapeutic serum concentrations rapidly. Carbamazepine suspension given rectally may be a satisfactory alternative when administration by the oral route is not possible. PMID- 6617593 TI - Second annual Merritt-Putnam Symposium, December 2, 1982, New York City. The nonconvulsive epilepsies: clinical manifestations, diagnostic considerations, and treatment. PMID- 6617592 TI - Number of synaptic vesicles in rat cortex immediately after cessation of the self sustained afterdischarge during kindling. AB - The sensorimotor area of rat cerebral cortex was subjected to repetitive electrical stimulation at 10-min intervals; this led to progressive lengthening of self-sustained afterdischarges (SSADs). At 50-60 s after cessation of the third SSAD the brains of the animals were perfused transaortally with fixing fluid, and a quantitative electron microscopic analysis of type I synapses in the second cortical layer of the sensorimotor area of the contralateral hemisphere was carried out. In a zone 0.1 micron wide adjacent to the presynaptic membrane in the active zone, the number of synaptic vesicles (converted to the number per 0.01 micron2 area) in the experimental animals fell by 64.6%. In a zone of the same width 0.1 micron distant from the presynaptic membrane, it fell by 67.6%. The mean absolute synaptic vesicle count per presynaptic bag section fell by 66.6%. The number of synapses showing signs of exocytosis rose in the experimental animals from 3.8 to 5.9%, while the number with clearly demonstrable exocytosis rose from 0.7 to 11.4%. The proportion of synapses with signs of (clearly demonstrable) endocytosis rose from 2.8% (2.1%) in the controls to 7.1% (3.7%) in the experimental rats. In the experimental and control animals we demonstrated complex vesicle formation in 4.3 and 3.8%, respectively, of the synapses and dense-cored vesicles in 7.7 and 2.8%, respectively, of the synapses. We consider changes in the number and formation of synaptic vesicles to be signs of exhaustion of the synapses caused by the previous epileptic seizure, which simultaneously activates mechanisms of vesicle formation. PMID- 6617594 TI - Interictal behavioral changes in epilepsy. AB - Common behavioral alterations associated with epilepsy include increased interest in philosophical and religious concerns, increased and extensive writing of a cosmic or philosophical nature, changes in sexual behavior, and aggressiveness. Psychological stress, the effects of anticonvulsant therapy, and the actual occurrence of seizures or convulsions can be ruled out as possible causes of the syndrome. It is speculated that these behavioral alterations are the result of an intermittent spike focus in the temporal lobe that leads to an alteration in the responsiveness of the limbic system. Thus, there is a heightened emotional response to many stimuli as well as a decrease in sexual responsiveness. In an effort to discover the cause of the high incidence of sexual alterations, abnormalities in response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) were found in a group of patients with partial complex seizures, some of whom had no overt sexual dysfunction and had never received anticonvulsant therapy. PMID- 6617595 TI - Differential diagnosis of episodic symptoms. AB - Because nonepileptic disorders may cause episodic and paroxysmal symptoms that resemble epilepsy, these conditions and syndromes must be considered in the differential diagnosis or when antiepileptic drugs are ineffective. Gastroesophageal reflux usually presents as recurrent vomiting in infants and young children. A small subgroup of infants develop apnea and cyanosis accompanied by posturing of the limbs, deviation of the eyes, or opisthotonos, which leads to the incorrect diagnosis of epilepsy. Breathholding spells and pallid infantile syncope, common in infants and young children, may also be mistaken for epileptic attacks. The parasomnias, including pavor nocturnus and somnambulism, are frequently mistaken for epilepsy, since these nocturnal episodes are paroxysmal in nature, may be associated with automatic behavioral mannerisms, and tend to be recurrent. Migraine is especially difficult to differentiate from epilepsy because its manifestations, particularly in children, are so diverse. Other disorders that may superficially mimic epilepsy include transient ischemic attacks, syncope, and transient global amnesia. PMID- 6617597 TI - Surgical treatment of complex partial seizures: results, lessons, and problems. AB - The underlying seizure tendency of complex partial seizures often involves the temporal region of the brain, but the frontal lobe can also produce similar complex partial seizures. By the end of 1980, 1,210 patients with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy had been operated on at the Montreal Neurological Institute. Nontumoral epileptogenic lesions were present in 1,034 patients, 169 had tumors, and 7 had major vascular malformations. Thirty-seven percent of the 894 evaluable patients with nontumoral epileptogenic lesions have become and remained seizure-free. Two hundred thirty-six (26%) patients had a marked reduction of seizure tendency. Within the seizure-free group, 63% had a complete or nearly complete reduction of their medically refractory tendency following temporal lobectomy. Of the patients with temporal lobe epilepsy due to tumoral lesions, 46% of the evaluable patients have become and remained seizure free, and 76% have had a complete or nearly complete reduction of seizure tendency. PMID- 6617596 TI - Anticonvulsant drugs, cognitive function, and behavior. AB - Healthy volunteers as well as patients with epilepsy were studied for 2 weeks in a double-blind crossover design to determine the effect of anticonvulsant drugs on cognitive function and behavior. The healthy volunteers experienced significant deficits in performance with the four drugs examined, phenytoin, carbamazepine, sodium valproate, and clobazam. The most widespread changes were seen with phenytoin; carbamazepine, sodium valproate, and clobazam did not interfere with tests of memory function. The results of the patients' studies showed that (1) when anticonvulsants are reduced, patients receiving polytherapy improve their cognitive function; (2) patients with high serum levels of anticonvulsant drugs demonstrated more cognitive impairment than those with low levels; (3) when carbamazepine is substituted for another anticonvulsant, cognitive function is improved; and (4) in patients receiving monotherapy, high serum levels are linked to greater cognitive impairment than lower levels and the profile of changes differs between the drugs. PMID- 6617598 TI - Methylmercury effects on Syrian hamster metaphase II oocyte chromosomes. AB - Methylmercury (MM) denatures DNA and can induce chromosomal aberrations. In addition, it destroys microtubules and increases the incidence of aneuploidy and mitotic arrest. Although MM is distributed to gonads, data relating the cytogenetic effects of MM on mammalian germ cells in vivo have not been found. To determine whether MM increases the incidence of cytogenetic damage in oocytes, Syrian hamsters were divided into three groups: (1) negative controls; (2) positive controls, 0.25 mg Trenimon (T)/kg; and (3) 10 mg methylmercury chloride (MMC)/kg. Superovulation was utilized and metaphase II oocytes analyzed for numerical and structural chromosome aberrations. A highly significant (P = .015, Fisher's exact test) difference in the incidence of hyperploid (N = 23) oocytes was obtained between negative controls (0/150) and the MMC group (6/150). The incidence of hypoploid (N = 21) oocytes in negative controls and the MMC group was 12/150 and 21/150, respectively (P = .069). Structural aberrations were not observed. Of 281 oocytes analyzed in the T group, 42.7% had structural aberrations. These results primarily indicate that MMC increases the incidence of hyperploidy and not structural aberrations. PMID- 6617599 TI - The mutagenic activity of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) in vivo in rats. AB - BrdU tablets were implanted subcutaneously in rats, and BrdU concentrations were determined in the serum. Within 5 hr peak concentrations of 10 micrograms BrdU/ml blood were reached. The influence of BrdU in vivo on cell cycling, DNA synthesis, spontaneous sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequencies, and gene-mutation frequencies (6-TGr) was determined in freshly isolated cells from a subcutaneous granulation tissue. The most significant effect of BrdU in vivo was a doubling of the spontaneous 6-TGr frequency. In reconstruction experiments in vitro the mutagenic activity of BrdU applied in concentrations found in vivo was 2.5-6-fold higher. With the use of agar-coated tablets, BrdU concentrations in the blood were reduced by half, and no peak concentration was found. The differential staining of chromatids was still sufficient. Since the mutagenic effect of BrdU in vitro was found to be strongly concentration dependent, the use of agar-coated tablets is recommended in experiments in which the compound is used to demonstrate SCE in vivo. PMID- 6617600 TI - Statistical analysis and sample-size determinations for mutagenicity experiments with binomial responses. AB - Two statistical analyses are studied for their applicability to mutagenicity experiments that produce binomial responses from a control group and a single treated group. Attention is focused on experiments with (1) group sample sizes greater than 500 and (2) a probability less than .05 for a binary observation from any experimental unit being "positive." In addition, it is assumed that historical control data will not be included in the statistical analysis. The first analysis is a conditional binomial test, which has been tabulated extensively by Kastenbaum and Bowman [1970], while the second is based on a standard normal approximation to the distribution of the difference between two sample proportions. A formula is presented for each analysis that relates the associated probability of detecting a mutagen to the mutant frequencies and sample sizes of the two groups. Based on extensive numerical results, the conclusion is drawn that the normal test is the preferred analysis for experiments in which the ratio of the two sample sizes is between 0.80 and 1.25. On the further assumption that an experiment is to be conducted with equal experimental group sample sizes, recommendations are offered for values of this common sample size needed to achieve a specified power, ie, a degree of assurance of detecting a postulated level of mutagenic effect. PMID- 6617601 TI - Optimal phenotypic expression times for HPRT mutants induced in foreskin-, skin-, and lung-derived human diploid fibroblasts. AB - A series of paired lung- and skin-derived fibroblast cultures has been established from human embryonic tissues under carefully controlled, identical conditions, providing the unique opportunity to study differences between normal diploid fibroblast populations from skin and lung without the confusion of genetic differences between donors. To reliably assess differences in the induced mutation frequencies observed among different cell populations, optimal phenotypic expression times in the HPRT mutagenesis system were determined for neonatal foreskin, fetal skin, and fetal lung cultures. Cell populations were mutagenized with several doses of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and were replated in 6-thioguanine selective medium at intervals over 14 days. Survivals following MNNG exposure ranged from 1.6% to 45.5%. For all doses and survivals tested a 7-day expression period was the optimal value for cultures from the three different tissue sources in six independent experiments. Mutant frequency data derived from untreated control populations confirmed that spontaneous mutations during the expression period contributed negligibly to the final mutant frequency. Differences between the mutation frequencies obtained using an in situ and a replating protocol were approximately twofold for lung-, skin-, and foreskin-derived cultures. PMID- 6617602 TI - Utilization of Chinese hamster cells in vitro and in vivo in genetic toxicology: a multiphasic approach. AB - An approach often used to study genetic risk is comparative mutagenesis in different organisms. We have begun the development and validation of a multiphasic genetic toxicity system using the Chinese hamster and its somatic cells to measure mutational events in the same (or similar) gene, the same chromosome derived from the same animal (Fig. 1). This system will eliminate much of the uncertainty generated when different mutational events in such evolutionally divergent organisms as bacteria, insects, and mammals are compared. Using CHO cells we have defined an assay, CHO/HGPRT, to determine mutation at the hgprt locus. Coupled with S9 metabolic activation system, the CHO/HGPRT assay can quantify gene mutation and cytotoxicity induced by various classes of chemicals, physical agents, and the combination thereof. The quantitative nature of this assay permits elucidation of the structure-activity relationship for a given class of direct-acting agents. By incorporating the cytogenetics of CHO cells into this assay we can simultaneously measure induced chromosome aberrations and SCE. Using the stable CHO/human hybrid cell line AL-J1 measurement of chromosome deletion and/loss can be also performed. In order to further expand the usefulness of this genetic toxicity system to the molecular and whole animal levels we have begun development and validation of two additional systems. To study the molecular events which may result in mutation we are developing a CHOpSVgpt system. A Chinese hamster system with treatment in vivo is being developed to study mutation at the hgprt locus, chromosome aberration, and SCE in spleen cells in vitro. The use of this multiphasic genetic toxicity system at the cellular, molecular, and animal levels may soon provide reliable and rapid identification of suspected environmental mutagens. PMID- 6617603 TI - Antioxidant system and ozone tolerance. AB - Rats were initially exposed to 2 ppm ozone for 3 hr in order to induce ozone tolerance. The time course of the content of nonprotein SH as well as the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (so-called antioxidant system) in lungs of the animals was compared to the development of tolerance in the animals to a challenge exposure of 5.6 ppm ozone for 3 hr. An enhancement of a part of the antioxidant system was detected on the second day and thereafter following the initial exposure, but the clear and complete tolerance to ozone was demonstrated 1 day before the enhancement of the antioxidant system. Alternatively, the induction of tolerance to ozone was found to be experimentally suppressed by actinomycin D or colchicine, but the levels of the antioxidant system in animals thus treated were not significantly different from the matched controls, or only partly enhanced. These events suggest that the tolerance to ozone is not related to an enhancement of the antioxidant system. PMID- 6617604 TI - Urinary excretion of mutagens in cirrhosis: limited evidence of an association. AB - Although bacterial mutagenesis assays have detected mutagenic substances in urine from smokers and patients treated with certain medications, these assays have not found mutagens in body fluids of subjects without such exposures. A recent report, however, suggested that mutagenic substances were present in the urine of unexposed individuals with cirrhosis. Since this observation could have important implications for the metabolism of potentially toxic substances and might provide leads to the cause of the high incidence of hepatoma among patients with cirrhosis, the reproduction of those findings of that report was attempted. In contrast with the earlier report, no evidence of mutagenic substances in urine samples from unexposed patients with cirrhosis was observed. While differences between these studies might be attributed to the subjects tested, it seems possible that the mutagenic activity reported previously was due to technical interference with the testing procedure by nonmutagenic materials in urine rather than the presence of mutagens. These observations may help clarify the interpretation of assays for urine mutagenicity in occupational or other environmental studies. PMID- 6617605 TI - Pesticide-induced dysfunction in carbohydrate metabolism in three freshwater fishes. AB - In the present investigation, the effect of sublethal fractions (1/4th, 1/8th and 1/16th of 96-hr LC50) of thiotox and dichlorvos on blood glucose, lactate, and liver and muscle glycogen levels of Clarias batrachus, Saccobranchus fossilis, and Mystus vittatus, exposed for 30 days, have been studied. It was observed that blood glucose and lactate levels increased from 29.13 to 98.36% and from 10.88 to 36.36%, respectively. The liver and muscle glycogen decreased from 22.99 to 69.30% and from 5.19 to 32.19%, respectively. The reasons for this carbohydrate imbalance have also been suggested. PMID- 6617606 TI - In vivo reduction of arsenate in mice and rabbits. AB - In vivo reduction of AsV, has been studied in mice and rabbits by determination of arsenic metabolites in plasma and urine after administration of [74As]arsenate. The amount of AsIII in bladder urine of mice 1 hr after administration (0.04 or 0.4 mg As/kg body wt) corresponded to 0.4-2.9% of the dose. AsIII was also detected in plasma 1 hr after administration. In rabbits, catheterized in the bladder for continuous collection of urine, about 10% of the administered arsenate (0.04 mg As/kg body wt) was reduced and excreted in form of AsIII during 4 hr after administration, corresponding to about 20% of the total arsenic excreted. Arsenic excreted during the first hour was mainly in form of unmetabolized AsV and some AsIII. Thereafter the excretion of both AsIII and dimethylarsinic acid increased. The results indicated that AsV has to be reduced to AsIII before being methylated. PMID- 6617607 TI - Pesticide-containing diets augment anti-sheep red blood cell nonreaginic antibody responses in mice but may prolong murine infection with Giardia muris. AB - The effects of oral ingestion of different pesticides (lindane, phosalone, carbaryl) and of a polychlorinated biphenyl (pyralene) on nonreaginic antibody production in BALB/c mice and also on the duration of Giardia muris infection have been studied using the animal model of this disease. Only lindane and carbaryl produced significant effects on systemic antibody production following oral immunization with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Lindane ingestion led to a twofold increase in IgG2b antibody titer to SRBC (P less than 0.05) and carbaryl significantly increased both IgG1 and IgG2b titers. No reduction was seen in the synthesis of any antibody class. The effect of feeding with lindane was to increase the duration of giardiasis significantly (P less than 0.002), and these mice developed systemic anti-Giardia antibodies more frequently than Giardia infected mice on normal diets. These results suggest that in the doses used these pesticides may increase systemic antibody responses to orally ingested antigens, and by inference that spontaneous elimination of giardiasis is independent of the systemic nonreaginic antibody response to the parasite. PMID- 6617608 TI - Estimating human exposure to nitrogen dioxide: an indoor/outdoor modeling approach. AB - Adverse health consequences associated with human exposure to nitrogen dioxide are well documented. In order for policymakers to assess health risks and implement appropriate control strategies, accurate information is required concerning (1) the number of people exposed, (2) the severity and patterns of exposure, and (3) the health-related effects of exposure. In the past, data from central monitoring sites have been used to establish air pollution exposures. However, it is now recognized that people spend much of their time indoors or in areas away from fixed monitors where pollutant concentrations may be drastically different. An attempt to provide a more realistic estimate of nitrogen dioxide exposures is made. A simple deterministic model is developed, relating exposure to background ambient levels, indoor values, and human activities. Ambient and indoor parameters are derived from monitoring programs in six U.S. cities. Results suggest indoor nitrogen dioxide concentrations in private dwellings vary primarily with outdoor levels and type of cooking fuel, but are also affected by factors such as air-exchange rates and strength of indoor sources. Estimates of population exposures are obtained by combining observed distributions of nitrogen dioxide concentrations from outdoor and indoor settings with information about number of people and time spent in each microenvironment. PMID- 6617609 TI - Absorption of 4,4'-methylenebis [2-chloroaniline] by human skin. AB - A system was developed to measure percutaneous absorption of water-insoluble environmental agents into human skin. Percutaneous absorption of 4,4' [14C]methylenebis [2-chloroaniline] (MBOCA) was measured during dry contact exposure of MBOCA with organ cultures of neonatal foreskin. Time-dependent exposures, autoradiographs, and thin-layer chromatography indicated that MBOCA was rapidly and progressively absorbed and passed through the skin without being metabolized. The transepithelial penetration of MBOCA was temperature dependent. Under certain conditions, the stratum corneum contained more MBOCA than other layers in the skin, which suggested that the stratum corneum may not be the main barrier for percutaneous absorption of MBOCA. An assessment of risk confirmed that skin exposure is a cause for concern. PMID- 6617610 TI - A study on cadmium-induced nephropathy in rats pretreated with puromycin aminonucleoside. AB - Nephrotoxicity of cadmium (Cd) was investigated using puromycin aminonucleoside (AN)-pretreated rats. AN pretreatment was performed by iv injection of 100 mg AN/kg body wt 11 days before the initial Cd injection. Since massive proteinuria and focal glomerular deposits were recognized, glomerular permeability is considered to be increased in AN-pretreated rats. AN-pretreated and intact rats were injected sc with 3 mg Cd/kg body wt, 4 times a week. In non-pretreated rats, slight tubular vacuolation was seen after 1-week Cd exposure and severe vacuolation and coagulative necrosis of the tubules was observed after 2-week Cd exposure. On the other hand, AN pretreatment delayed the onset of vacuolation and necrosis for 1 week and made the lesion milder. After 1-week Cd exposure, a larger amount of Cd was excreted into the urine of AN-pretreated rats than of non pretreated ones, whereas Cd accumulation in the kidney and liver was lower in AN pretreated rats than in non-pretreated ones. Thereafter, no difference in Cd concentration was recognized between two groups. From these findings, it is suggested that in early stage of Cd administration, Cd was filtered through the glomerular basement membrane modified by AN pretreatment and that this filterable Cd did not have nephrotoxic effects in AN-pretreated rats. PMID- 6617611 TI - Long-term reactivity of lung and mediastinal lymph nodes following intratracheal instillation of sandy loam soil or Mount St. Helens volcanic ash. AB - The effects of Ritzville sandy loam soil and Mount St. Helens volcanic ash particles on the lung and mediastinal lymph nodes of Fischer rats were studied about 400 days after intratracheal instillation. A total of 22 or 77 mg of soil or ash was given in two or seven equally divided, consecutive, weekly intervals as a suspension in 0.5 ml saline. Significantly elevated levels of lipid phosphorus and protein were found in lung lavages of rats given ash compared to those given soil. An enhanced histological degree of granulomatous reactivity, lipoproteinosis, fibrosis, and bronchiolar hyperplasia was seen in ash-exposed rats as compared to soil-exposed rats. Mediastinal lymph nodes of ash-exposed rats were 8-18 times larger than those of soil-exposed rats due to abundant cellular microgranuloma formation and early fibrosis. Mount St. Helens volcanic ash is apparently more biologically reactive than soil particles commonly found in eastern Washington. PMID- 6617613 TI - A survey of pathogenic and free-living amoebae inhabiting swimming pool water in Mexico City. AB - A survey of pathogenic and free-living amoebae in swimming pool waters of Mexico City was performed. Among the organisms isolated those which have public health importance were Naegleria fowleri Carter and Acanthamoeba castellanii Douglas. Amoebae of the genera Acanthamoeba, Naegleria, and Vahlkampfia were recovered in their cystic stage while those specimens of the genera Amoeba, Entamoeba, Thecamoeba, and Vanella were recovered only in their trophic stage during this study. Amoebae were concentrated through filtration procedures and subsequently cultured in different culture media. Nonpathogenic amoebae also isolated by culture included: Amoeba proteus (Pallas) Leidy, Amoeba striata Penard, Paratetramitus jugosus Page, Acanthamoeba astronyxis Ray and Hayes, Vahlkampfia avara Page, Vahlkampfia inornata Page, Thecamoeba verrucosa Ehrenberg, and Vanella mira Schaeffer. Trophozoites of Entamoeba gingivalis Gros, were also recovered, both directly and by culture. Most commonly found were amoebae of the species Naegleria gruberi Schardinger (59.02%), N. fowleri (16.77%), and A. castellanii (7.64%). Least-frequently found amoebae belonged to the species Thecamoeba verrucosa (0.12%). All isolated strains of N. fowleri and A. castellanii were thermophilic at 45 and 40 degrees C, respectively, and also pathogenic when inoculated into white mice. More populated by amoebae were those swimming pools of the indoor type with an inner side garden. It was also shown that the free residual chloride values of 0.50 to 1.5 mg/liter, ordinarily used in pool waters, are not adequate for elimination of amoebae. PMID- 6617612 TI - Sister chromatid exchange in response to variations in occupational lead exposure. AB - Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) rates in 10 long-term lead-exposed men increased significantly with increasing zinc protoporphyrin concentration in blood. SCE rates were also related to blood lead levels, but this correlation was not statistically significant. These results were obtained before the summer vacation. Six men were examined again shortly after the vacation; both SCE rates and lead-exposure parameters had decreased significantly. An increase was seen in one worker; however, this result could be related to a serious disease for which he was undergoing treatment. Continued examinations showed a tendency of increasing SCE rates and exposure parameters, but the follow-up was too incomplete to allow a statistical analysis. Further studies of 18 newly employed workers failed to show any increase in SCE during the first 4 months of employment despite some increases in both zinc protoporphyrin and lead levels in the blood. The results obtained suggest that a genotoxic effect due to inorganic lead may occur in long-term lead-exposed workers. PMID- 6617614 TI - Cadmium exposure from smoking cigarettes: variations with time and country where purchased. AB - Cadmium has been determined in 26 brands of cigarettes purchased in eight different countries throughout the world and in 16 different samples of cigarettes produced in Sweden between 1918 and 1968. In addition the amount of cadmium released from smoking one cigarette to the particulate phase collected from a smoking simulation machine, corresponding to the amount actually inhaled by a smoker, has been determined. The cadmium concentration in different brands of cigarettes ranged from 0.19 to 3.0 micrograms Cd/g dry wt, with a general tendency toward lower values in cigarettes from developing countries. No systematic change in the cadmium concentration of cigarettes with time could be revealed. The amount of cadmium inhaled from smoking one cigarette containing about 1.7 microgram Cd was estimated to be 0.14 to 0.19 microgram, corresponding to about 10% of the total cadmium content in the cigarette. PMID- 6617616 TI - Identification of carcinogens by measurement of cell-mediated immunity. IV. Antitumor immunity following perinatal exposure to 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. AB - This study was initiated to investigate the possible perinatal carcinogenic effects of the colon carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) in Fischer F344 inbred rats. Pregnant female animals during their 16-18th day of gestation were administered the chemical by intraperitoneal injections, and beginning at 4 months postparturition, the antitumor cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was delineated in the dams and pups as an indirect measure of carcinogenesis. The CMI status was established by the ability of peripheral blood lymphoid cells obtained from the rats to injure and kill target tumor cells derived from an X-ray-induced rat small bowel adenocarcinoma cell line with the degree of damage being reflected in the quantity of loss of radioiodinated peripheral and integral membrane proteins from the target cells. A significant antitumor CMI was observed in the exposed offsprings although there was no apparent difference between the immunoresponsiveness observed in either the males or the female siblings. Unexpectedly, the mothers exhibited little such antitumor cellular immunity following the carcinogenic insult; even though all previous investigations of adult animals always demonstrated such an immunological response following exposure to the quantities of DMH that were administered (0.1 to 20 mg per kg body wt). As a consequence, these findings tentatively implied that the state of pregnancy alters a female's response to chemical carcinogenic insults and may actually serve as a device for protection from environmentally caused cancer. The threshold detection level for DMH exposure utilizing immune measurements was found to be approximately 10 times smaller for the perinatal susceptibility to the chemical insult intimating that such tests might usefully be incorporated in those bioassays utilized for determining the cancer-causing potential of weak carcinogens. Our findings now suggest that DMH may indeed be a perinatal carcinogen and that immune responsiveness may be readily employed for identifying such substances. However, the definitive studies of actually identifying cancer following such in utero exposures remain to be accomplished. PMID- 6617617 TI - Toxic and reproductive effects of the soluble organic fraction from diesel particulate emissions on the parasitoid wasp, Bracon hebetor. AB - The soluble organic fraction of diesel particulate emissions was tested for physiological and genotoxic effects on the parasitoid wasp, Bracon hebetor. Adult female survival after topical treatment was significantly decreased at the higher concentrations of SOF. Daily egg production, a sensitive assay for genotoxic and physiological effects, was not significantly affected at any concentration. Egg hatchability on Days 1-5, representing vitellogenic oocytes at the time of treatment, was decreased, but this effect lacked consistency and dose dependence. An extensive dominant lethal test was performed with negative results. Possible explanations for these findings and comparisons with in vitro tests such as the Ames test and sister chromatid exchange are discussed. PMID- 6617615 TI - Purification and chromium-excretory function of low-molecular-weight, chromium binding substances from dog liver. AB - From liver of dogs injected iv with potassium dichromate (38 mg/kg body wt), a low-molecular-weight chromium-binding substance (LMCr) was purified into two subfractions, LMCr I and LMCr II, which differ in physical and chemical properties. LMCr I was identified to be an anionic, organic chromium compound with a molecular weight of 1500. It contained glutamic acid, glycine, and cysteine as the predominant amino acids and firmly bound chromium in a ratio of one chromium(III) to one molecule of LMCr I. LMCr II was isolated in crystalline form and demonstrated to be a water-soluble, inorganic chromium(III) complex consisting of Na2HPO4 . 7H2O and Na2HPO4 . 2H2O. Although its crystallization reduced the chromium content, it had a maximum chromium-binding capacity as much as one chromium per one phosphorus in water. The mixture of LMCr I and LMCr II as approximated to be the natural composition showed a lower acute toxicity as measured by lethality in mice and had higher rates of urinary excretion and renal clearance in rabbits, accompanied by lower rates of renal tubular reabsorption and retention in kidney and liver than potassium dichromate(VI) and chromium(III) chloride. Pretreatment with chromium-free LMCr II remarkably reduced the mortality rates of mice acutely poisoned with chromium chloride. These results indicate that LMCr plays an important role in the detoxification and excretion of chromium in mammals. PMID- 6617618 TI - In vitro alternative and classical activation of complement by extracts of cotton mill dust: a possible mechanism in the pathogenesis of byssinosis. AB - Extracts of cotton mill dust (CDE) were shown to activate complement by the classical and alternative pathways. Activation of the classical pathway, presented in this study for the first time, was verified by C1 consumption, C2 destruction, and C4 conversion tests. The component of cotton dust that causes complement activation precipitated in the presence of 20% saturated ammonium sulfate. The data presented suggest that endotoxin is not the principal complement-activating component, as complement activation could not be correlated to endotoxin concentrations of extracts of various parts of the cotton plant. Proteolytic enzymes were also eliminated as possible causative agents of complement cleavage since CDE did not cleave purified C3 in the absence of other complement components. Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone failed to remove the complement activating component in CDE demonstrating that polyphenolic tannins are not the causative agents. Involvement of complement activation in the pathogenesis of byssinosis could explain in part the mechanism and symptoms of the acute byssinotic reaction. PMID- 6617620 TI - Trihalomethanes induce sister chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes in vitro and mouse bone marrow cells in vivo. AB - The four major trihalomethanes (THMs) found in chlorinated drinking water (CHCl3, CHCl2Br, CHClBr2, and CHBr3) have been investigated for their ability to induce sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and cell-cycle delays in human lymphocytes in vitro and to induce SCEs in mouse bone marrow cells in vivo. Each THM tested caused dose-dependent increases in SCE frequency and delays in the cell cycle. The THMs differed greatly in their ability to induce these cytological effects in vitro, with CHBr3 being the most active compound and CHCl3 the least active compound, whereas they were not markedly different in their ability to induce SCEs in vivo. PMID- 6617621 TI - Effect of phenolic compounds on in vivo activity of transaminases in certain tissues of the fish, Notopterus notopterus. AB - Chronic effects of phenol (P), 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), and pentachlorophenol (PCP) individually and in three combinations, viz. (PCP + DNP)/P (highly antagonistic), (DNP + P)/PCP (additive), and (P + DNP)/PCP (highly synergistic) on in vivo activity of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in brain, liver, kidney, and gills of Notopterus notopterus were studied at subacute levels (1/10, 1/15, and 1/20 of 96-hr LC50) following exposure for 15 and 30 days. Significant stimulation in activity of GOT and GPT was observed in all the tissues at different concentrations of phenolic compounds after both the time intervals. However, stimulation in activity of both GOT and GPT was maximum (140.67% in GOT, 142.68% in GPT) in liver at 1/10 concentration of the (P + DNP)/PCP combination after 30 days, but minimum in gills, in case of GOT (17.29%) at 1/20 of P after 15 days and in case of GPT (7.68%) at 1/20 of the (PCP + DNP)/P combination after 30 days. Stimulatory effect of phenolic compounds on the activity of these enzymes indicates possibly the increased conversion of amino acids into keto acids and vice versa, thus resulting in the disturbance of protein metabolism. PMID- 6617619 TI - Bioassays of smooth muscle contracting agents in cotton mill dust and bract extracts: arachidonic acid metabolites as possible mediators of the acute byssinotic reaction. AB - Byssinosis is an occupational respiratory disease contracted by cotton mill workers who inhale cotton mill dust. The acute byssinotic reaction is characterized by a drop in the 1-sec forced expiratory volume (FEV1.0) on Monday following a weekend's absence from work. This physiological reaction is the result of the contraction of bronchial smooth muscle, which causes narrowing of small airways. An isolated tissue bath technique was used to assay smooth muscle contractions induced by cotton dust extract (CDE) and cotton bract extract (CBE). CBE-induced contractions of rat stomach smooth muscle were blocked (82%) by 100 ng/ml methysergide (blocks 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) 100%); CDE was not significantly blocked by methysergide (13%). CDE-induced contractions were blocked (100%) by 25 micrograms/ml indomethacin and 100 micrograms/ml salicylic acid (blocks prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) 100%). The portion of CBE contracting ability not blocked by methysergide was blocked totally by indomethacin. Blocking agents ineffective against CDE or CBE include atropine (acetylcholine blocker), pyrilamine maleate and diphenhydramine (histamine blockers), imidazole and 7-(1-imidazolyl)heptanoic acid (7IHA) (thromboxane blockers), and carboxypeptidase B2 (kinin blocker). The data suggest that cotton bract contains 5HT, which is responsible for a majority of the CBE-induced contraction and a minority of the CDE-induced contraction. The data also suggest that cotton dust and bract contain a substance which causes the release of PGF2 alpha which in turn causes the contraction of smooth muscle. This substance is responsible for a majority of the CDE-induced and a minority of the CBE-induced contractions. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) confirmed PGF2 alpha release from rat fundal smooth muscle when exposed to CDE and CBE. Increased synthesis and release of arachidonic acid metabolites might be a major mechanism in the bronchoconstriction observed in the acute byssinotic reaction. PMID- 6617622 TI - Neoplastic effect of vinyl chloride in mouse lung--lower doses and short-term exposure. AB - Neoplastic pulmonary effects of lower doses of vinyl chloride (0 = control, 1, 10, 100, 300, and 600 ppm) and short-term exposure (4 weeks) by inhalation have been studied by light and electron microscopy in 220 mice. Except for dead or seriously sick animals, a large majority of the animals were sacrificed at three different stages: immediately after exposure, 12 weeks later, and 40 or 41 weeks after exposure. Six mice (4: 600 ppm, 2: 0 ppm) were kept longer than 41 weeks to examine the effects of the chemical after a long-term recovery period. Alveologenic tumors were first observed 10 weeks after exposure to 600 ppm. In the subgroups exposed to higher concentrations (600 and 300 ppm) the incidence of tumors was higher and their appearance was earlier than in the subgroups exposed to lower concentrations (100, 10, and 1 ppm). These findings indicated a dose response relationship for incidence of alveologenic tumors, and the latency period was inversely related to dose. By light and electron microscopy, there was no obvious evidence that tumor cells were derived from Clara cells of the terminal bronchioles. Rather, neoplastic cells in both the tubulopapillary and adenomatous forms of the pulmonary tumors possessed all or some of the ultrastructural characteristics of type II alveolar cells, based on observations of mitochondria, microvilli, osmiophilic lamellar bodies, and other criteria. Type II alveolar cells are therefore considered to be the most sensitive in mice to the neoplastic effect of vinyl chloride. PMID- 6617623 TI - Comparison of the interactions of soya bean protease inhibitors with rat pancreatic enzymes and human trypsin. AB - The present work describes the effect of two soya bean protease inhibitors: Kunitz type (SBTI) and Bowman-Birk type (BBTI) on rat trypsin I (TrI), trypsin II (TrII) and chymotrypsin (Chtr) and on human cationic trypsin (hTr). The inhibition spectra show that: (1) SBTI inhibits TrI, TrII, Chtr and hTr esterase activities by 80, 80, 83 and 45%, respectively, at inhibitor-to-enzyme molar ratios of one-to-one, and (2) BBTI inhibits TrI, TrII, Chtr, and hTr esterase activities by 50, 65, 75 and 30%, respectively, at an inhibitor-to-enzyme molar ratio of two-to-one. A similar inhibition pattern was obtained by testing proteolytic activities. It would appear that hTr is less sensitive to soya bean protease inhibitors than each of the rat proteases investigated. This difference in inhibition should be considered when a rat is used as a model to predict the effects of dietary soya bean protease inhibitors on humans. PMID- 6617624 TI - Sequential hydrolysis of three acyl ester bonds in triolein molecule by human gastric juice lipase. AB - Specificity of gastric juice lipase concerning the sequential hydrolysis of three acyl ester bonds of triolein molecule has been compared with that of pancreatic lipase. The rates of the individual hydrolytic steps were calculated by applying the method based on the amounts of chromatographically separated hydrolysis products present upon the incubation of tritium-labelled triolein with a lipolytic enzyme. It was found that in the case of gastric lipase the rates of all three steps of triolein hydrolysis are similar, whereas in the case of pancreatic lipase the last step proceeds at a much slower rate than the preceding ones. PMID- 6617625 TI - Heat stability and pH activity data of alpha-L-fucosidase in human serum vary with enzyme concentration. AB - alpha-L-Fucosidase from serum of humans with either high or low enzyme activity was separately purified. the enzyme from either source had virtually the same heat stability and pH activity profile. It has been widely reported that alpha-L fucosidase in crude sera from individuals with high and low enzyme activity differed with respect to heat stability and activity at pH 4 relative to activity at pH 5, the pH optimum of the enzyme. We investigated this discrepancy and found that both the heat stability and relative activity at pH 4 of alpha-L-fucosidase from sera with either high or low enzyme activity was dependent upon enzyme concentration. With decreasing enzyme concentration, the enzyme was more heat labile and had less relative activity at pH 4. Consequently, if the data obtained using high and low enzyme activity sera are compared on the basis of equivalent amounts of serum instead of equivalent amounts of enzyme activity, differences between the enzyme from high and low activity serum would be erroneously inferred. Apparently, this is what other investigators have done. Moreover, we found that alpha-L-fucosidase can exist in heat-stable or labile species with sedimentation coefficients of 9.8 S and 4.8 S, respectively. The interconversion and relative proportion of these species is dependent upon enzyme concentration and pH. PMID- 6617626 TI - Interaction of calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase with 8-anilinonaphthalene-1 sulphonate. AB - Calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase is inhibited by 8-anilinonaphthalene-1 sulphonate (ANS). The inhibition is uncompetitive but non-linear. Hill plots of the inhibition data have slopes of 1.4-1.8 suggestive of positive cooperativity. Fluorescence titration revealed that 2 molecules of ANS bind per molecule of enzyme with no evidence of cooperativity. The Kd for ANS obtained by fluorescence was 1.8 X 10(-6) mol/l but the approximate Ki for inhibition was 1 X 10(-3) mol/l. Thus, the fluorescence and kinetic experiments appear to monitor different events. PMID- 6617627 TI - Macro-creatine kinase as an interference in CK isoenzyme determinations. AB - Creatine kinase (CK) isoenzyme determinations have been performed on a series of specimens containing macro-CK, an atypical isoenzyme variant seen in approximately 1% of patients. These specimens were obtained from 2 different patients. Isoenzyme determinations were made using four different methods: electrophoresis (Corning ACI), column chromatography (Dupont ACA), immunoinhibition (ESKACHEM), Smith Kline), and immunoprecipitation (Isomune-CK, Roche). In specimens containing macro-CK, electrophoresis showed no false positive CK-MB determinations, and immunoprecipitation showed 1 in 8 false positives, while column chromatography and immunoinhibition each showed 4 of 4 false positives. When utilizing these methods, the possibility of false-positive CK-MB determinations must be taken into consideration as a possible explanation for positive CK-MB results which do not agree with the clinical assessment of the patient. PMID- 6617628 TI - Ascorbic acid and alkaline phosphatase activity. AB - Ascorbic acid is found strikingly to decrease the activity of bovine kidney alkaline phosphatase in vitro. The inhibition of alkaline phosphatase is a function of ascorbic acid concentration and is time and temperature dependent. The presence of the substrate protects the enzyme against the inhibitory action of the vitamin. PMID- 6617629 TI - Aging of the erythrocyte. XVIII. Changes in kinetic properties of acetylcholinesterase. AB - Comparison of kinetic properties of acetylcholinesterase in membrane preparations from various density (age) fractions of bovine erythrocytes revealed in increase in Km value, ascribed to decrease in membrane surface potential, with increasing cell age. Activation energy of the enzyme decreased during red cell aging. PMID- 6617630 TI - Effect of vitamin A deficiency on the pulmonary and hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in rat. AB - The effect of vitamin A deficiency on the drug-metabolizing enzyme system of the lung and liver was analyzed in rats fed diets with or without vitamin A for 5-6 weeks. The hepatic level of vitamin A was significantly reduced in vitamin A deficient animals. The hepatic cytochrome P-450 and b5 contents and activity of benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase was significantly reduced in deficient animals. Contrary to this, pulmonary cytochrome P-450 and b5 contents were above the control values. No alteration in pulmonary benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase was noted. The uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase activity of digitonin-treated microsomal membranes was below the control values both in lung and liver. However, the native uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase activity remained unchanged in the liver and was below control values in the lung. PMID- 6617631 TI - Volunteers or pressed men: human subjects in science. PMID- 6617632 TI - Physiological factors affecting upper body aerobic exercise. PMID- 6617633 TI - Low and moderate alcohol doses, psychomotor performance and perceived drowsiness. PMID- 6617634 TI - The influence of flywheel weight and pedalling frequency on the biomechanics and physiological responses to bicycle exercise. PMID- 6617636 TI - Circulatory responses to machine-paced and self-paced work: an industrial study. PMID- 6617635 TI - Metabolic and cardiopulmonary responses of older wheelchair-dependent and ambulatory patients during locomotion. PMID- 6617637 TI - An inexpensive system for remote monitoring of work heart rate. PMID- 6617638 TI - Regulation of heat-shock protein synthesis in chicken muscle culture during recovery from heat shock. AB - Exposure of chick myotube cultures to a temperature (45 degrees C) higher than their normal growing temperature (37 degrees C) caused extensive synthesis of three major polypeptides of Mr = 25 000, 65 000 and 81 000 referred to as 'heat shock polypeptides' (hsps). When these cells were allowed to recover from heat shock treatment at 37 degrees C for 6-8 h, the rate of accumulation of isotope into the 65 000-Mr and 81 000-Mr hsps declined to levels comparable to those in control cultures maintained at 37 degrees C. However, incorporation of isotope in the 25 000-Mr hsp continued at an elevated rate for a longer period than the 65 000-Mr and 81 000-Mr hsps. When heat-shocked cells were allowed to recover at 37 degrees C in the presence of actinomycin D to block new mRNA synthesis, the hsp synthesis as measured by the incorporation of radioactive isotope in these polypeptides continued at levels comparable to those in heat-shocked cells prior to recovery. The block of recovery by actinomycin D was due to the presence of a greater amount of functional hsp mRNAs in the polysomes as compared to untreated controls. The role of competition between the mRNAs for hsps and normal cellular proteins for the translation machinery in regulating protein synthesis during the recovery from heat shock has been discussed. PMID- 6617639 TI - Peroxidase catalysed aerobic degradation of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin at physiological pH. AB - The aerobic degradation of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin at neutral pH is catalysed by peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) and provides quinonoid 7,8-dihydro(6H)biopterin which readily loses the side chain to yield 7,8-dihydro(3H)pterin. The latter is in equilibrium with trace amounts of 6-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin (covalent hydrate) which is irreversibly oxidised to quinonoid 6-hydroxy-7,8 dihydro(6H)pterin, and this finally rearranges to 7,8-dihydroxanthopterin. Spectroscopic evidence (ultraviolet, 1H NMR and 13C NMR) is presented for the reversible addition of water across the 5,6-double bond of 7,8-dihydro(3H)pterin. The intermediate quinonoid 6-hydroxy-7,8-dihydro(6H)pterin is a good substrate for dihydropteridine reductase (EC 1.6.99.7) with a Km of 16.3 microM and kcat of 22.5 s-1. The rate of aerobic degradation (oxidation and loss of the side chain) of natural (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin is several times slower than the rate for the unnatural (6S) isomer. By using a modified assay procedure the kinetic parameters for dihydropteridine reductase are as follows: with (6R)-7,8 dihydro(6H)biopterin Km = 1.3 microM and kcat = 22.8 s-1; with (6S)-7,8 dihydro(6H)biopterin Km = 13.5 microM and kcat = 51.6 s-1; and with (6RS)-7,8 dihydro(6H)neopterin Km = 19.2 microM and kcat = 116 s-1. PMID- 6617640 TI - Topography of the total protein population from cultured cells upon fractionation by chemical extractions. AB - Chemical extractions are proposed as a major tool for a fractionation of cellular proteins. As a model system, proteins from cultured hamster lens cells have been divided by independent extractions into seven subcellular fractions, corresponding to water-soluble proteins and the proteins from membranes, microfilaments (and other deoxycholate-soluble proteins), intermediate filaments, microtubules, polysomes and nuclei respectively. The latter two fractions have been subfractionated yielding ribosomal proteins, the elongation and initiation factors of the protein-synthesis machinery, chromatin proteins and non-chromatin proteins. The protein compositions of the fractions have been analyzed by one dimensional and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. This resulted in an almost complete topography of the proteins detected on two-dimensional gels of total cell lysates. Comparison of two-dimensional patterns of proteins from the total cell lysate and proteins from hamster erythrocytes or from liver, muscle or brain tissue showed that the different cell types have only few proteins in common. Two proteins are common to all of these cell types, namely actin and a 68-kDa protein. The latter protein was, like actin, vimentin and the tubulin subunits, also present in most cell fractions. Evidence is presented that this protein is identical to a 68-kDa heat-shock protein. PMID- 6617641 TI - Ribosomal subunits and ribosomal proteins of Tetrahymena thermophila. Effect of the presence of iodoacetamide during ribosome extraction on the properties of the subunits. AB - Proteolytic degradation of ribosomal proteins occurs during the preparation of subunits of the cytoplasmic ribosomes of the protozoa Tetrahymena thermophila and the isolated subunits are inactive. Addition of 5 mM iodoacetamide to cell suspensions before extraction inhibits proteolytic activity and permits isolation of active subunits. The protein complements of these subunits have been characterized in two different two-dimensional electrophoretic systems, and their molecular weights have been determined. PMID- 6617642 TI - Chromatin structure in barley nuclei. AB - In order to study the chromatin structure of a higher plant we used a high-yield method, which allows one to obtain up to 10(9) nuclei/kg fresh barley leaves. Significant amounts of low-ionic-strength-soluble chromatin can be extracted from these nuclei. Physicochemical properties were examined and discussed. Electric birefringence allowed us to observe the same transition in electro-optical properties as has been observed for animal chromatin, and suggested the existence of a symetrical structure occurring for approximately six nucleosomes. Circular dichroism showed that barley oligonucleosomes exhibit a higher molar ellipticity at 282 nm than total soluble chromatin and than their animal counterparts. PMID- 6617643 TI - Isolation and purification of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase from pig thymus. AB - Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase has been purified about 12 300-fold from pig thymus with a recovery of 8.5%. The specific activity of the purified enzyme is 13.8 mumol min -1 mg protein -1. The molecular weight was estimated to be 59 000 by gel filtration through Sephadex G-100 in a non-denaturing solvent. Analysis of the final preparation by sodium dodecyl sulphate gel electrophoresis reveals two protein bands of molecular weight, 61 500 and 67 500. The Km value for poly(ADP ribose) is estimated to be 1.8 microM monomer units. The enzyme preparation is free from phosphodiesterase, NADase and ADP-ribosyltransferase activities. The purified enzyme is inhibited by cyclic AMP, ADP-ribose, naphthylamine, histones H1, H2A, H2B, H3, polylysine, polyarginine, polyornithine and protamine. The inhibition by histone is relieved by an equal mass of DNA. Single-stranded DNA, poly(A), poly(I) and polyvinyl sulphate were inhibitory, but double-stranded DNA was not inhibitory. PMID- 6617644 TI - Glutamyl-tRNA synthetases from wheat. Isolation and characterization of three dimeric enzymes. AB - Three dimeric glutamyl-tRNA synthetases (GluRS) were isolated from extracts of quiescent wheat germ and wheat chloroplasts. The chloroplast enzyme (Mr = 110 000), called GluRS C, exhibits a prokaryotic (Escherichia coli) tRNA specificity. Two enzymes were found in the quiescent germ and were separated on phosphocellulose P11: one called GluRS P, probably the mitochondrial enzyme, has the same tRNA specificity as GluRS C; the other, called GluRS E, has eukaryotic (wheat germ) tRNA specificity. Both enzymes exhibit a molecular weight close to 160 000. Each of these enzymes co-eluate on hydroxyapatite and phosphocellulose chromatographies with an unstable active monomer whose molecular weight is approximately half that of the corresponding dimer. Two assumptions are discussed about these monomers. PMID- 6617645 TI - Dimeric glutamyl-tRNA synthetases from wheat. Kinetic properties and functional structures. AB - The Michaelis constants in the tRNA aminoacylation reaction have been studied for the three dimeric glutamyl-tRNA synthetases C, P and E. The values were found to be: for tRNA, 0.20 microM, and 0.44 microM; for glutamic acid, 10 microM, 83 microM and 83 microM; for MgATP, 0.46 mM, 0.38 mM and 0.26 mM. MgATP concentrations higher than 2 mM induce pronounced inhibition. The presence of the cognate tRNA is required for [32P]PPi-ATP isotopic exchange. In the absence of tRNA no hyperbolic saturation of the enzymes by glutamic acid occurs in our experimental conditions. Analysis of the enzymic activity as a function of enzyme concentration leads to the conclusion that the active forms are dimers which are in equilibrium with inactive monomers. The values of the dissociation constants Kd were found to be 43 nM, 53 nM and 87 nM for glutamyl-tRNA synthetases C, P and E respectively. PMID- 6617646 TI - Distribution of secondary structure along the fibronectin molecule. AB - 30-kDa, 50-kDa and 70-kDa gelatin-binding, 60-kDa central and 60-65-kDa heparin binding fragments were produced by trypsin digestion of fibronectin. The secondary structure of the fragments was studied by circular dichroism and quantitative infrared spectroscopy. The structure of the 70-kDa gelatin-binding, 60-kDa central and 60-65-kDa heparin-binding fragments in solution appeared to be very close to that in the intact fibronectin. The content of the antiparallel beta-form, the only element of the secondary structure in all the fragments studied, was shown to be 30-35%. PMID- 6617647 TI - Carbohydrate composition and electrophoretic properties of tomato polygalacturonase isoenzymes. AB - Two polygalacturonase isoenzymes, PG I and PG II, were extracted from Murrieta tomato and purified by gel exclusion and ion-exchange chromatography. The kinetic constants and activation energies of the purified isoenzymes have been determined. Polygalacturonase I has two polypeptide chains (Mr = 47 500 and 41 400) whereas polygalacturonase II is a single polypeptide (Mr = 47 500) as shown by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. Both isoenzymes are glycoproteins. Through gas liquid chromatography, polygalacturonase II was shown to contain 4.6% neutral hexoses and 1.5% amino sugars. There are eight D-mannose, two L-fucose, two D-xylose and three N acetylglucosamine residues per mole of PG II. The carbohydrate portion of PG II was shown to be attached to the protein part through an N acetylglucosaminylasparaginyl bond. PMID- 6617648 TI - Reaction mechanism of flavin-dependent hydroxylation. Evolution of a non-imitable enzyme. AB - Analysis of the partially refined X-ray crystallographic structure of the active site of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase shows clearly that the enzyme is complementary to a flavin C4,C4a-dioxetane derivative. A mechanism is proposed based on such an intermediate as the oxenoid transferring agent. A non-enzymatic analogue of this reaction is not known in organic chemistry. A possible evolutionary pathway for such a non-imitable enzyme is discussed. PMID- 6617649 TI - beta-agarases I and II from Pseudomonas atlantica. Purifications and some properties. AB - The agarose-degrading system of Pseudomonas atlantica has been re-examined. In addition to the previously reported extracellular endo-beta-agarase [Yaphe, W. (1966) in Proceedings 5th International Seaweed Symposium, pp. 333-335] a second, membrane-bound endo-enzyme activity, beta-agarase II has been discovered. These two enzymes act in concert to degrade agarose to neoagarobiose [3,6-anhydro-alpha L-galactopyranosyl-(1 leads to 3)-D-galactose] and also to degrade partially 6-O methylated agarose to neoagarobiose and 6(1)-O-methyl-neoagarbiose. Novel assays were devised for beta-agarase II and the associated disaccharidase, neoagarobiose hydrolase. These allowed the critical purification of beta-agarase I and II. beta Agarase I was purified 670-fold from the bacterial medium by a new method using ammonium sulphate precipitation and gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. The enzyme was resolved from the small amount of extracellular beta-agarase II. Dodecylsulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated a homogeneous protein and a molecular weight of 32000. Activity was observed against agar over the pH range 3.0-9.0 and optimally at pH 7.0. The enzyme could be used indefinitely at 30 degrees C but only for up to 2 h at 40 degrees C. beta-Agarase II was partially purified (5-fold) from the soluble fraction of disrupted cells by chromatography on Sephadex G-100, hydroxyapatite and DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B. This preparation was free of beta-agarase I and disaccharidase. beta-Agarase II was stimulated by NaCl, optimally in the range 0.10-0.20 mol dm-3 (2.4-fold the activity at 0.010 mol dm-3 NaCl). Alkali earth metal (0.002 mol dm-3 CaCl2 or 0.005 mol dm-3 MgCl2) gave 1.2-fold the normal activity. Optimum activity was over pH 6.5-7.5. PMID- 6617650 TI - A pulse-radiolysis study of the reduction of flavodoxin from Megasphaera elsdenii by viologen radicals. A conformational change as a possible regulating mechanism. AB - Pulse-radiolysis experiments were performed on solutions containing methyl or benzyl viologen and flavodoxin. Viologen radicals are formed after the pulse. The kinetics of the reaction of these radicals with flavodoxin were studied. The kinetics observed depend strongly on the concentration of oxidized viologen. Therefore one must conclude that a relatively stable intermediate is formed after the reduction of flavodoxin. The midpoint potential of the intermediate state is (480 +/- 30) mV, and is hardly dependent on the pH between 7 and 9.2. Due to a conformational change (k2 approximately equal to 10(5)S-1) the intermediate state decays to the stable semiquinone form of flavodoxin. The delta G of the conformational change at pH 8 is about 29 kJ mol -1 (0.3 eV). This means that the upper limit for the pK of N-5 in the semiquinone form will be 13. The activation energy of the conformational change is 43 kJ mol -1 (0.45 eV). The reaction between methyl viologen radicals and the semiquinone of flavodoxin can be described by a normal bimolecular reaction. The reaction is diffusion-controlled with a forward rate constant of (7 +/- 1) X 10(8) M -1S -1 (pH 8, I = 55 mM). The midpoint potential of the semiquinone/hydroquinone was found to be -(408 +/- 5) mV. A consequence of the intermediate state is that flavodoxin (Fld) could be reduced by a two-electron process, the midpoint potential of which should be located between -440 mV less than Em (Fld/FldH-) less than -290 mV. The exact value will depend on the delta G of the conformational change between the fully reduced flavodoxin with its structure in the oxidized form and the fully reduced flavodoxin with its structure in the hydroquinone form. The conditions are discussed under which flavodoxin could behave as a two-electron donor. PMID- 6617651 TI - Synthetic peptides reproducing the site phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase in protein phosphatase inhibitor-1. Effect of structural modifications on the phosphorylation efficiency. AB - The hexapeptide (Arg)2-Pro-Thr-Pro-Ala (T1) and octapeptide (Arg)2-Pro-Thr-Pro Ala (T5), reproducing the phosphorylatable site of protein phosphatase inhibitor 1, a physiological target of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, and five related peptides were synthesized by the method in solution. The phosphorylation rates of such peptides by cAMP-dependent protein kinase and their kinetic parameters have been determined and compared with those of the hexapeptide (Arg)2-Ala-Ser-Val Ala, reproducing the phosphorylatable site of rat liver pyruvate kinase. The results obtained show that both the presence of threonine instead of serine and the adjacent C-terminal proline represent highly unfavourable factors seriously impairing the protein kinase reaction by both increasing Km and depressing V. On the other hand the N-terminal proline is compatible with high phosphorylation rates and the row of four rather than two consecutive arginines improves the phosphorylation efficiency by lowering tenfold the Km, without affecting the V. The extension of the hexapeptide T1 on its C-terminal side to give the derivative (Arg)2-Pro-Thr-Pro-Ala-Thr-Val-Ala has no significant effect on the kinetic parameters. Moreover no relationship between the phosphorylation efficiency and the predicted secondary structures around the target residue could be evidenced. Therefore the local structural features of the phosphorylatable site of inhibitor 1 cannot fully account for the fast phosphorylation of this regulatory protein. Other factors must optimize the protein kinase reaction. PMID- 6617652 TI - Purification, subunit structure and immunological comparison of fructose bisphosphate aldolases from spinach and corn leaves. AB - The cytosol and chloroplast fructose-bisphosphate aldolases from spinach leaves were separated by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, and were purified by subsequent affinity chromatography on phosphocellulose to apparent homogeneity as judged from polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The two aldolases had specific activities of 7.2 and 7.8 units mg protein-1. Molecular weight determinations by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate gels and by sedimentation velocity centrifugation in sucrose gradients showed that the aldolases contained four subunits of Mr 38 000 and 35 000, respectively. Antibodies against the cytosol and chloroplast aldolase from spinach leaves were raised in a guinea pig and in a rabbit, respectively. In the Ouchterlony double-diffusion test, the two aldolases did not cross-react. A small degree of cross-reaction was observed by a test in which immune complexes were adsorbed to a solid-phase support (Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I cells) and nonbound enzyme activity was determined after centrifugation. These results imply major structural differences between the two spinach leaf aldolases. Only one major aldolase could be resolved on DEAE-cellulose from corn leaves. The aldolase was purified and had a specific activity of 6.4 units X mg protein-1. The corn leaf aldolase cross-reacted with the antiserum raised against the chloroplast enzyme from spinach leaves, but not with the other antiserum. Thus, the corn leaf aldolase could be identified as a chloroplast enzyme. Since aldolase activity is mostly restricted to the bundle sheath cells of corn leaf, it was concluded that it is compartmentalized in the chloroplasts of these cells but not in chloroplasts of the mesophyll cells. PMID- 6617653 TI - Aglycon specificity of fetal calf liver and ovine and porcine submaxillary gland alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha 2 leads to 6 sialyltransferase. AB - The specificity of fetal calf liver and ovine and porcine submaxillary gland N acetylgalactosaminide alpha 2 leads to 6 sialyltransferase was investigated with acceptors of low and high molecular weight containing O-glycosidically linked carbohydrate chains. It appeared that fetal calf liver microsomes were able to transfer sialic acid to C-6 of GalNAc in NeuAc(alpha 2 leads to 3)Gal(beta 1 leads to 3)GalNAc-R, in which the aglycon could be protein as well as p nitrophenol (Nph). The substrates Gal(beta 1 leads to 3)GalNAc-R and GalNAc-R were inactive as acceptor with this enzyme source. Ovine and porcine submaxillary gland microsomes were both active with GalNAc-protein, Gal(beta 1 leads to 3)GalNAc-protein, NeuAc[alpha 2 leads to 3)Gal(beta 1 leads to 3)GalNAc-protein and NeuAc(alpha 2 leads to 3)Gal(beta 1 leads to 3)GalNAc alpha-Nph, but not with GalNAc alpha-Nph and Gal(beta 1 leads to 3)GalNAc alpha-Nph. The N acetylgalactosaminide alpha 2 leads to 6 sialyltransferase which had been purified to homogeneity from porcine submaxillary gland [Sadler, J. E., Rearick, J. I. and Hill, R. L. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 5934-5941], was able to sialylate all three protein acceptors, but was virtually inactive with each of the three p-nitrophenyl glycosides. Our studies indicate that two N acetylgalactosaminide alpha 2 leads to 6 sialtransferases exist acting on O glycosidically linked carbohydrate chains. The first enzyme, present in fetal calf liver, has a narrow specificity with regard to the oligosaccharide structure, but shows no specificity for the aglycon. Based on its specificity this enzyme can be designated as an [alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl 2 leads to 3-beta galactosyl 1 leads to 3]-alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha 2 leads to 6 sialyltransferase. The second enzyme, present in porcine submaxillary gland, has an absolute requirement for protein as the aglycon. Once this condition is fulfilled, the enzyme is able to transfer sialic acid to each of the three oligosaccharide chains and thus the enzyme is an alpha-N acetylgalactosaminylprotein alpha 2 leads to 6 sialyltransferase. The data also seem to suggest that ovine and porcine submaxillary gland microsomes contain, in addition to the latter enzyme activity, the alpha 2 leads to 6 sialyltransferase with the strict oligosaccharide specificity. PMID- 6617655 TI - Galactokinase of Vicia faba seeds. AB - Galactokinase (EC 2.7.1.6) from the dormant seeds of Vicia faba was purified approximately 1300-fold with an 18% recovery through an eight-step procedure. The preparation showed the presence of only minor contaminations as judged by disc gel electrophoresis. The native enzyme displayed a molecular weight of approximately 60 000 (determined by Sephadex G-100 gel-filtration) and the subunit value was 30 000. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was 5.3 and the amino acid analysis showed high percentage of acidic amino acids. The pH optimum of the enzyme was 7.3 at 25 degrees C. The relative activity for phosphorylating various monosaccharides followed the order, D-galactose greater than 2-deoxy-D galactose greater than D-galactosamine; D-fucose, L-arabinose, L-galactose and D glucose were not phosphorylated. Whereas ATP acted as an efficient phosphate donor, ADP, GTP and UTP were unable to act in this capacity. The Km and the V values of the substrates were determined. The metal ion requirement for the enzymic activity followed the order, Mg2+ greater than Co2+ greater than Mn2+ greater than Ni2+ greater than Ca2+. The enzymic reaction was inhibited by heavy metal ions and sulphydryl reagents indicating the participation of -SH group(s) in enzymic catalysis. Product inhibition was observed; galactose 1-phosphate and ADP were competitive and non-competitive inhibitors, respectively. Seed germination showed an increase in galactokinase level up to 24 h followed by a rapid decrease. The level of raffinose and stachyose decreased continually. The galactokinase level was found to be sufficiently high to phosphorylate the liberated galactose. No free galactose was observed at any stage of germination. PMID- 6617657 TI - Influence of species and sex on cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity in experimental animals. AB - Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity was evaluated measuring by selected ion monitoring the amount of 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol formed from endogenous microsomal cholesterol and from exogenously added [4-14C]cholesterol in incubations of liver microsomes. The enzyme activity was determined in female rats, hamsters and guinea pigs and results were compared with those obtained in male rats. The results suggest that there is no difference between male and females as far as the activity of the enzyme from endogenous cholesterol is concerned at least in rat liver. Moreover, saturation of the enzyme by the endogenous substrate was observed in all female animals in contrast to the male rat for which the enzyme was found to be not saturated, as already reported by others. From molar radioactivity of 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol obtained during incubations with [4-14C]cholesterol, differences were also evidenced in the equilibration of the substrate with the endogenous pool of cholesterol. In the male rat, equilibration depended upon the concentration of radioactive cholesterol added to the medium and reached completion at 60 microM concentration. In female animals, molar radioactivity of 7 alpha hydroxycholesterol was always linearly correlated with that of cholesterol in the medium but it was always lower than that one. This indicates that in the tested female animals only part of exogenously added cholesterol is accessible to the substrate pool of the enzyme. PMID- 6617654 TI - Signal sequences, secondary modification and the turnover of miscompartmentalized secretory proteins in Xenopus oocytes. AB - The cytoplasm of the Xenopus oocyte can be altered by the microinjection of proteins and the regulatory responses to such perturbations can then be studied. We have investigated proteolytic systems within the oocyte which may be involved in the maintenance of the integrity of the different subcellular compartments. Thus primary translation products, made in the wheat germ system under the direction of frog liver, chicken oviduct, rat liver rapidly sedimenting endoplasmic reticulum, rat seminal vesicle, guinea pig mammary gland or honey been venom gland RNA, were injected into oocytes. Their stability in the frog cell cytosol was in general low compared to that of their processed counterparts. The latter were usually obtained by collecting the heterologous proteins exported by RNA-injected oocytes. Electrophoretic analysis of oocytes injected with particular primary and processed polypeptides permitted measurement of the stabilities of proteins differing only by the presence or absence of a detachable signal sequence, or by the presence of a specific secondary modification. The effect of the latter on protein stability appears slight. However, the presence of a detachable signal sequence destabilizes those miscompartmentalized secretory proteins which are otherwise stable. Indeed all other results are consistent with this concept for they show that primary translation products are in general much less and are never more stable than their processed counterparts. Thus we provide evidence that errors of compartmentation can be corrected in living cells and that this process is often facilitated by the properties conferred on a protein by a detachable signal sequence. PMID- 6617656 TI - High-resolution proton NMR as indicator of a silent mutation in the haem cavity of a monomeric allosteric haemoglobin. AB - Comparison of the high-field 1H-NMR spectra of the met-cyano complexes of allosteric haemoglobins III and IV of the insect larva Chironomus thummi thummi (CTT-III and CTT-IV) shows that, in addition to the molecular heterogeneity previously described for both Hbs as due to haem orientational disorder [La Mar et al. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 66-70], CTT-III but not CTT-IV exhibits a second heterogeneity as evidenced by splitting of numerous signals. Reconstitution of CTT-III with modified haems alters the populations of the two haem rotational isomers but leaves the secondary heterogeneity unaffected. This argues directly for locating this secondary heterogeneity solely within the polypeptide chain rather than the result of protein-haem interaction. We assign this secondary heterogeneity found solely in Hb-III to a point mutation in the haem cavity, 57E6 (Ile/Thr); CTT-IV is chemically homogeneous. The observation of significant hyperfine shift differences for the alternative substitution at 57E6, particularly for non-haem single-proton resonances thought to arise from distal residues, indicates some structural consequences in the haem cavity due to the point mutation. While a difference in the allosteric properties cannot be detected in that the point mutation appears to leave the pK for the allosteric transition unaltered, subtle influences on the function of the protein in both affinity states cannot be ruled out at this time. PMID- 6617659 TI - Correlation between calmodulin-dependent increase in the rate of calcium transport and calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. Characterization of calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation. AB - The aim of the present study was to prove a correlation between the calmodulin dependent increase in the rate of calcium transport by dog cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum and calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation. The dependence of phosphorylation on the total calmodulin concentration at 75 microM and 1 microM free calcium gave apparent calmodulin half-saturation constants Km (CaM) of 9.4 nM and 181 nM, respectively, whilst the apparent Km (CaM) for the rate of calmodulin-stimulated calcium transport carried out at 1 microM calcium, but phosphorylated prior to the calcium uptake at 75 microM or 1 microM calcium, were 12.5 nM and 127 nM, respectively. A positive correlation was obtained between calmodulin-dependent increase in the rate of calcium transport and hydroxylamine insensitive phosphoester formed by the calcium/calmodulin-regulated, membrane bound protein kinase. More than 90% of incorporated [32P]phosphate is confined to a 26-28-kDa or 9-11-kDa protein as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis following solubilization in sodium dodecyl sulfate at 37 degrees C and at 100 degrees C, respectively, similar to the results obtained by phosphorylation with cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The data indicate that calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation of the above protein(s) is causally related to the stimulation of the rate of calcium transport by cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum, which is at least partially due to a shift in the calcium dependence of the rate of calcium transport to lower free calcium concentrations, K(Ca), of 1.25 microM and 0.61 microM in controls and calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation, respectively. Activation of calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation by free calcium at total calmodulin concentrations of 300 nM, 100 nM and 30 nM gave apparent K(Ca) values of 0.83 microM, 1.44 microM and 2.3 microM and Hill coefficients of 4.13, 3.76 and 3.79, respectively, indicating that all four calcium binding sites of calmodulin have to be saturated to obtain activation of the calcium/calmodulin regulated protein kinase. The calmodulin-dependent modulation of calcium transport in vivo is, therefore, determined to great extent by the total calmodulin concentration present in the sarcoplasm. PMID- 6617658 TI - A potent new dipeptide inhibitor of cell sickling and haemoglobin S gelation. AB - A dipeptide L-lysine-L-phenylalanine is shown to inhibit both cell sickling and the gelation of solutions of sickle-cell haemoglobin. The effect on deoxyhaemoglobin solutions and gels was followed by centrifugation; a progressive inhibition of gelation was observed up to 30 mM Lys-Phe. The haemoglobin concentration at the plateau (26 g/dl) suggests that an effect might be seen in vivo if suitable concentrations of Lys-Phe (about 20 mM) can be maintained in the blood stream. Additional studies of lag time before onset of gelation support this. Oxygen dissociation curves of sickle cells showed an effect of Lys-Phe only after incubation for 3 h before measurement, the P50 decreasing from 51 mmHg (6.8 MPa) to 41 mmHg (5.5 MPa) for cells depleted of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate. The effect of Lys-Phe on intact sickle cells was more rapid. A marked increase in the number of unsickled cells in the presence of Lys-Phe was observed after only 15 min incubation. This result, together with measurements of uptake both into the cell and onto the cell membrane shows that the compound produces a membrane mediated antisickling effect in addition to the effect on haemoglobin in solution within the cell. The membrane effect is not due to a change in cell volume. The properties of this dipeptide may be of value in the treatment of impending and early sickle crisis. PMID- 6617660 TI - Purification of stalk-cell-inducing morphogens from Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - We have shown previously that developing amoebae of Dictyostelium discoideum release one or more low-Mr factors, which can induce isolated cells to differentiate into stalk cells in the presence of cyclic AMP [Town, C. D., Gross, J. D. and Kay, R. R. (1976) Nature (Lond.) 262, 717-719; Town, C. D. and Stanford, E. (1979) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 76, 308-312]. These differentiation-inducing factors (DIF) have now been purified by a procedure involving binding to and elution from XAD-2 resin, extraction into hexane and two steps of reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Our results show the following. HPLC resolves a major stalk-cell-inducing activity (DIF-1) and at least four minor and more polar activities (DIFs 2-5). DIF-1 has been purified at least 3000-fold over the starting dialysed medium with a recovery of about 2%. This low recovery of DIF-1 can be explained in part by the loss of non specific stimulatory ('helper') factors during the purification. A few micrograms purified DIF-1 were obtained from 10(12) cells. This material could induce stalk cell differentiation in the standard assay at less than 0.2 nM. The biological activity of DIFs 1, 2 and 3 was sensitive to borohydride reduction, suggesting the presence of an essential carbonyl group. DIF-5 was partially sensitive and DIF-4 resistant. Other properties of DIF-1 suggest that it is a non-polar molecule of Mr less than 500, which becomes charged in alkaline solution, and that it is neither a peptide nor has essential sugar moieties. The purification of DIF should make possible its eventual identification by sensitive physical techniques, such as mass spectroscopy, and will allow further investigation of its biological effects. PMID- 6617662 TI - Protein synthesis in differentiated and dedifferentiated hepatoma cell lines. Effect of glucocorticoids. AB - The pattern of protein synthesis in hepatoma cell clones was analysed by two dimensional separation of [35S]methionine-labelled proteins. The clones were derived from the differentiated Reuber H 35 hepatoma and showed differences in the expression of a number of liver-specific functions and the resistance to the growth-inhibitory effect of glucocorticoids. Five protein spots were observed in the extracts of the differentiated Faza 967 cells that were absent from the electrophoretogram of the dedifferentiated H 56 cells. This clone, on the other hand, displayed six spots absent from Faza 967 cells. The growth of both Faza 967 and H 56 cells was strongly inhibited by 1 microM dexamethasone. The dexamethasone-resistant clone 2, a dedifferentiated derivative of Faza 967 cells, synthesized two polypeptides that were not present in Faza 967 or H 56 cells and produced four polypeptides at a lower level than Faza 967 cells. The examination of the short-term effect of dexamethasone on protein synthesis in Faza 967 cells revealed nine induced and one repressed protein spots, which appeared to be in good agreement with earlier published data. It is concluded that dedifferentiation, although bringing about marked changes in certain liver specific functions, such as enzyme activities or protein secretion, affects only a relatively small fraction of the genes expressed. PMID- 6617663 TI - Covalent structure of chicken pepsinogen. AB - Chicken pepsinogen is a glycoprotein consisting of a single polypeptide chain and containing the following 367 amino acid residues: Asp23, Asn16, Thr26, Ser41, Glu14, Gln11, Pro18, Gly31, Ala17, Cys7, Val25, Met9, Ile23, Leu28, Tyr22, Phe20, His8, Lys17, Arg7, Trp4. The Mr-value of the protein is 42 074. This value includes the carbohydrate moiety of the protein, i.e. Man3, (GlcNAc)7, (-SO3H)5. The primary fragmentation of the molecule was effected by limited trypsinolysis at arginine residues after preceding modification of the lysines with citraconic anhydride. All eight peptides expected in theory were obtained and their size, amino acid composition, and N-terminal amino acid sequence were characterized. To elucidate the amino acid sequence of these large fragments the latter were subjected to secondary cleavage by CNBr, trypsin (after removal of the protecting groups from the lysines), the proteinase from Staphylococcus aureus V8 strain, alpha-chymotrypsin, hydroxylamine, or dilute acid; the resulting peptides were isolated by gel permeation and ion-exchange chromatography and by the fingerprint techniques. Overlaps at sites of the arginine residues were obtained in an earlier study [Baudys, M. & Kostka, V. (1982) Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 47, 2814-2832]. Chicken pepsinogen shows the highest degree of homology with the primary structures of pepsinogens A. The internal homologies are apparent in the neighborhood of the two active aspartic acid residues. We have assigned tentatively chicken pepsinogen to the group of pepsinogens A (EC 3.4.23.1); this assignment is a result both of our sequence studies and of an investigation of the kinetic characteristics of the enzyme. PMID- 6617661 TI - Inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by reduced factor Xa. AB - Treatment of blood coagulation factor Xa with insolubilized hexyl-agarose derivative of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) results in the generation of two sulfhydryl groups in the protein molecule. The reduced factor Xa was found to be a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation and thromboxane A2 synthesis induced by ADP. In contrast to the inhibition of thromboxane formation, the reduced factor Xa had no effect on the formation of PGE2 indicating that thromboxane synthetase might be selectively inhibited by the reduced factor Xa. Incubation with oxidized glutathione reversed the inhibitory activity of factor Xa previously exposed to the insolubilized hormone. Soluble PGE1 also reduces factor Xa, but more slowly than the insolubilized PGE1. PGE1 also exhibits reducing ability as tested with redox dyes. Reduction of factor Xa by dithiothreitol also transformed the coagulation factor into an inhibitor of platelet aggregation and thromboxane A2 formation. These experiments indicate that reduction of factor Xa leads to a reversible alteration of the molecule which inhibits platelet aggregation induced by ADP. This effect of reduced factor Xa is probably mediated through the inhibition of thromboxane A2 synthesis. PMID- 6617665 TI - Rhythmic chloroplast migration in the green alga Ulva: dissection of movement mechanism by differential inhibitor effects. AB - The chloroplasts of the green alga, Ulva lactuca L., migrate rhythmically between the outer (periclinal) cell walls in the daytime ("face" position) and the anticlinal cell walls at night ("profile" position). Both NaN3 and colchicine inhibit chloroplast movement mainly in the direction from profile towards face position. Differential drug sensitivity is suggestive of different mechanisms for the two directions of chloroplast migration. UV light reverses the inhibition by colchicine, presumably through the formation of lumicolchicine, the non-tubulin binding isomer of colchicine. This result is indicative of microtubule involvement. Interpretation of the effects of azide is complicated by changes in the biological clock (phase delay and lengthening of the period). Cytochalasin B has no effect on chloroplast movement when added alone, but when added with colchicine it prevents colchicine inhibition of movement. We hypothesize that chloroplast position is controlled by a balance between two opposing movement systems with differential drug sensitivity. PMID- 6617664 TI - The complete amino acid sequence of oncomodulin--a parvalbumin-like calcium binding protein from Morris hepatoma 5123tc. AB - Oncomodulin is an acidic calcium-binding protein of 108 amino acids which has been detected only in tumors. The complete amino acid sequence of rat oncomodulin has been established, and the N-terminus shown to be N-acetylserine. Homology of the oncomodulin sequence with members of the troponin C superfamily of calcium binding proteins was demonstrated, and putative calcium-binding domains were located. A further degree of homology was established between oncomodulin and the parvalbumins, including rat parvalbumin. Oncomodulin was therefore considered to be a parvalbumin-like calcium-binding protein. PMID- 6617666 TI - Compound exocytosis of casein micelles in mammary epithelial cells. AB - Ultrastructure of lactating bovine and rat mammary epithelial cells was studied with emphasis on secretory vesicle interactions. In the apical zone of the cell, adjacent secretory vesicles formed ball and socket configurations at their points of apposition. Similar configurations were formed between plasma membrane and secretory vesicle membrane. These structures may be formed by the diffusion of water between vesicles with different osmotic potentials. Frequently, vesicular chains consisting of 10 or more linked secretory vesicles were observed. Prior to the exocytotic release of casein micelles, adjacent vesicles fused through fragmentation of the ball and socket membrane. These membrane fragments and the casein micelles appeared to be secreted into the alveolar lumen after passing from one vesicle into another and finally through a pore in the apical plasma membrane. Emptied vesicular chains appeared to collapse and fragmentation of their membrane was observed. Based on these observations, we suggest that most vesicular membrane does not directly contact or become incorporated into the plasma membrane during secretion of the nonfat phase of milk. PMID- 6617667 TI - Visible light inhibits growth of Chinese hamster ovary cells. PMID- 6617668 TI - Trout sperm chromatin. I. Biochemical and immunological study of the protein composition. AB - Compact sperm chromatin was obtained from mature trout sperm nuclei resistant to sonication and detergent treatments. 0.5 to 2 M NaCl caused a gradual decondensation of this chromatin and the dependence of the percentage of dissociated proteins on the salt concentration indicated cooperativity of the dissociation process. Urea alone was insufficient to decondense the nuclei. The only proteins dissociated from the sperm nuclei by NaCl alone or combined with urea were protamines. Besides protamines, tightly bound nonprotamine proteins resisting high salt-urea extraction were detected in the sperm nucleus. Part of them could be solubilized by 1% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and displayed the characteristics of the core histones: they were soluble in 0.25 N H2SO4, their electrophoretic mobilities were similar to those of trout liver core histones, and they shared common antigenic determinants with the latter. The rest of the tightly bound proteins resisted 1% SDS treatment and could be obtained after an extensive digestion of DNA with DNase I. These were nonhistone proteins similar in mobility to the protein triplet characteristic of the lamina-pore complex and an additional high molecular weight protein. PMID- 6617669 TI - Trout sperm chromatin. II. Ultrastructural aspects after salt dissociation of proteins. AB - The ultrastructural organization of the trout sperm nucleus was studied in ultrathin sections and spread preparations after partial decondensation of the nucleus with increasing NaCl concentrations. The obtained results suggest that the organization of the trout sperm chromatin is much more complex than a pure nucleoprotamine. Three types of complexes were observed. The first one results from the association of DNA with protamines. This complex appears as a fibrous network when partially decondensed nuclei are digested with DNase I indicating that at least a part of DNA remains protected by protamines and favours models accepting a colinear alignment of the latter on the DNA molecules. The second type of structures represent the DNA-protamine fibers compacted into dense clumps which appear as separate compaction units seen upon partial decondensation of the sperm nucleus. A third type are complexes of the ring-shaped granular bodies tightly associated with DNA and resisting high salt-urea and detergent treatment. PMID- 6617670 TI - Endocytosis, intracellular transport, and turnover of anionic and cationic proteins in cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages. AB - It was previously shown that cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages ingest anionic derivatives of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and ferritin by fluid-phase endocytosis and accumulate them in lysosomes. Cationic derivatives were taken up by adsorptive endocytosis and transported to lysosomes but subsequently appeared also in stacked cisternae, tubules, and vesicles of the Golgi complex. In the present investigation, the effect of molecular net charge on the rate of cellular inactivation of a protein was studied. The results demonstrate that anionized HRP was inactivated at a higher initial rate than cationized HRP. This is in agreement with the finding that the cationic protein partly escaped from the digestive compartment of the cells, that means the lysosomes. The effects of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)--a diterpene ester and a tumor promoter--and monensin--a carboxylic ionophore and a perturbant of the Golgi complex--on fluid phase endocytosis of HRP and intracellular transport of cationized ferritin (CF) were also studied. PMA stimulated fluid-phase endocytosis of HRP but did not interfere with transport of CF to the Golgi complex. Contrarily, monensin inhibited uptake of HRP and almost totally blocked transport of CF to the Golgi complex. The findings support the idea that membrane and content of endocytic vesicles are treated separately. The content is emptied into lysosomes where macromolecular material normally is degraded. The membrane becomes part of the lysosomal envelope in connection with endocytic vesicle-lysosome fusion. Subsequently, membrane patches are detached from the lysosomes and reutilized. This is at least partly mediated via the Golgi complex and particularly its tubular and vesicular parts. Since the cationic tracers do not bind to the membrane in a stable way, it is not possible to extend the conclusions to individual membrane constituents. PMID- 6617671 TI - Identification of the heat shock band 2-48B of Drosophila hydei and determination of its haploid DNA content. AB - The heat shock locus 2-48B situated at the tip of the second chromosome of Drosophila hydei has been studied by various cytologic methods. Both from puffing behaviour and in situ hybridization on both wildtype animals and heterozygotes for the mutant chromosome Df(2)e20 the actual site is localized in band 2-48B8. Electron microscopically this band appears to be a medium size, dotted band. From cytophotometric measurements on Feulgen stained chromosomes and electron microscopic observations the DNA content of band 2-48B8 is calculated to be approximately 40 kb on the haploid level, with a compaction of the DNA of about 160 times. The interbands 2-48B7-8 and 2-48B8-9, flanking the heat shock band, were calculated to contain on the haploid level 1.5 kb and 3.0 kb, respectively. The results are discussed also in relation to the present data on the molecular organization of this locus. PMID- 6617672 TI - Fragmentation of 'nuclear matrix' on a mica target. AB - Chromatin depleted nuclei ('nuclear matrix') of Ehrlich ascites cells were characterized and fragmented by glycerol shot technique (particle fragmentation). The preparations reveal that 'nuclear matrix' is entirely composed of granules and fibres. Prominent size classes of granules are 10 to 20 nm and 25 to 40 nm, respectively. Most of the granules remain attached to fibres during the fragmentation process. The diameter of the fibres corresponds with double stranded DNA visualized under identical conditions. The RNP-like nature of the particles is shown by their proteinase K/RNase sensitivity. Since the 'nuclear matrix' architecture becomes instable in high salt buffer after pretreatment with RNase which changes the RNP-particle-like material it must be inferred that the RNP/DNA interaction is a prerequisite for the high salt stability of the 'nuclear matrix' complex. PMID- 6617673 TI - Freeze-fracture electron microscopy of membrane changes in progesterone-induced maturing oocytes and eggs of Xenopus laevis. AB - Using freeze-fracture electron microscopy, compositional changes were analysed in the surface membrane of Xenopus oocytes during maturation after in vitro progesterone treatment, as well as in eggs before and after fertilization. Investigated stages were as follows: (1) defolliculated full-grown oocytes; (2) defolliculated oocytes after 5 min exposure to 5 micrograms/ml progesterone; (3) ditto at germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) after 5 h progesterone treatment; (4) unfertilized eggs at oviposition and (5) zygotes 30 min post-fertilization. Comparing the patterns of intramembranous particle (IMP) density and IMP size during these stages the following changes were found: a transient decrease in IMP density was found after 5 min progesterone treatment; a 48% increase during maturation; a further 17% increase after fertilization. In defolliculated oocytes tight-junction-like structures were found, but no gap junctions. These results are discussed with reference to progesterone action, membrane remodelling, protein synthesis and membrane lipid organization. PMID- 6617674 TI - Significance of energy metabolism pathways for stimulation of DNA synthesis by cell migration and serum. AB - The relationships between cell locomotion, pathways of energy metabolism, and DNA synthesis were studied on chick embryo fibroblasts growing in the presence of chick or calf serum. It was shown that: (a) 2'-Deoxyguanosine (2'GdR) inhibits the DNA synthesis but does not decrease the rates of cell locomotion, lactate production, and oxygen consumption. (b) Cell locomotion is dependent on energy from either glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation. (c) The rate of DNA synthesis is not correlated with the rate of glycolysis. In the presence of ribose and glutamine instead of glucose, DNA synthesis occurred at the same rate as in the presence of glucose despite lactate production being ten times lower. (d) 2,4-Dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) does not decrease the rate of DNA synthesis whereas KCN inhibits it. (e) Chick serum stimulates more strongly lactate production, oxygen consumption, and DNA synthesis as well as cell locomotion than calf serum. The metabolic basis for the often observed coupling between cell locomotion and DNA synthesis in anchorage-dependent cells is discussed as well as the reasons for uncoupling of these processes in cancer cells or in normal cells under experimental conditions. PMID- 6617675 TI - Myocardial infarct size and cardiogenic shock. AB - The relationship between estimated infarct size and cardiogenic shock was investigated in 317 consecutively admitted patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Infarct size was estimated in vivo by serum CK-MB in all patients, and at heart autopsy by histological and histochemical techniques in 23 patients who died in hospital. Although patients with cardiogenic shock (n = 31) had a larger median serum CK-MB estimated infarct size than those without cardiogenic shock (1035 U/l v. 669 U/l, P less than 0.05) there was a substantial overlap in infarct size between the two groups. Heart autopsy confirmed this finding and demonstrated that patients with small subendocardial infarcts also died from shock, especially those with severe 2 or 3 vessel disease and/or infarction fibrosis. Those with cardiogenic shock who survived and those who died from shock had a similar median infarct size, and patients who died from other cardiac causes had the same median infarct size as those who died from shock. PMID- 6617676 TI - Treatment with hydralazine in mild to moderate mitral or aortic incompetence. AB - Twenty-two patients with mild or moderate mitral or aortic incompetence were randomly assigned to treatment with either hydralazine (mean 127 mg/day, range 37 225) or placebo. Eight patients in the hydralazine group and ten patients in the placebo group completed the study. Two of the patients in the hydralazine group and one patient in the placebo group were withdrawn because of suspected side effects. One patient dropped out because of influenza. Over a period of seven weeks the patients were monitored clinically as well as non-invasively with echocardiography and exercise testing. The systolic blood pressure fell from 152 +/- 10 to 135 +/- 9 mm Hg (mean +/- s.e.m.) (17%, P less than 0.01). The diastolic blood pressure fell from 63 +/- 8 to 58 +/- 8 mm Hg (5%, P = 0.09). The heart rate was unchanged. Left ventricular internal diameter in systole decreased from 49 +/- 3 to 45 +/- 3 mm (9%, P = 0.05) and in diastole from 73 +/- 4 to 70 +/- 3 mm (4%, P = 0.03). Left ventricular systolic wall tension fell from 200 +/- 16 to 152 +/- 18 mm Hg (24%, P less than 0.01). Left ventricular shortening fraction increased from 32 +/- 3 to 36 +/- 3% (12%, P less than 0.01). Maximal exercise capacity improved from 3200 +/- 800 to 3800 +/- 700 kpm (19%, P = 0.02). No significant responses were observed in the placebo group. Oral hydralazine reduces left ventricular internal diameters, improves left ventricular performance, presumably at a lower level of oxygen consumption, and improves exercise capacity in patients with modest mitral or aortic incompetence. PMID- 6617677 TI - Left ventricular systolic time intervals. A comparison between the conventional carotid pulse curve method and the doppler ultrasound method. AB - From amplitude registration of the doppler ultrasound signal, timing of cardiac valve opening and closure may be achieved and used for the registration of the time intervals of the cardiac cycle. In 42 normal subjects and unselected patients with heart disease a comparison was made of the simultaneously derived left ventricular systolic time intervals (LVSTI) from the conventional noninvasive method of electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram and carotid pulse curve tracing and from an alternative more direct noninvasive method by use of the amplitude tracing of the doppler ultrasound signal. There was a strong correlation between the two methods for each of the different periods of the LVSTI. Differences between the pulse transmission times of curve upstroke and incisura, and possible limitations of both methods are discussed. PMID- 6617678 TI - Effectiveness of intraaortic balloon counterpulsation in the elderly. PMID- 6617680 TI - Left ventricular thrombus following acute myocardial infarction: a prospective serial echocardiographic study of 96 patients. AB - In a prospective serial study of 96 patients with acute myocardial infarction, two dimensional echocardiography identified left ventricular thrombus in 18 patients. The majority of thrombi (15) developed within the first 4 days after admission. In three patients thrombi were identified for the first time 4 months after the acute episode. All 18 patients had received therapeutic anticoagulants on admission and had large anterior wall infarctions complicated by severe pump failure and motion abnormalities echocardiographically. None of the patients had systemic embolisation during the study period. Thus, left ventricular thrombus is a not uncommon though silent complication of acute anterior wall infarction even when patients receive therapeutic anticoagulants. PMID- 6617679 TI - Survival following massive overdose of adrenergic blocking agents (acebutolol and labetalol). AB - Massive overdosage of adrenergic blocking drugs is associated with severe morbidity and a high mortality rate. We report the case of a 24-year-old medical intern who ingested 9.6 g acebutolol, 7.2 g labetalol and 0.625 g trimipramine in an attempted suicide. Blood samples drawn on admission were shown to contain markedly elevated plasma levels of acebutolol and its major metabolite and of labetalol. The patient was deeply comatose on admission. The heart rate was 60 min-1 (sinus rhythm) and the blood pressure was clinically unrecordable. Atropine, isoproterenol and dopamine initially had no effect on either heart rate or blood pressure. Only following the administration of inordinately large doses of isoproterenol and dopamine, together with glucagon was a clinical response obtained. The patient remained haemodynamically dependent on dopamine for 12 h and isoproterenol for 65 h. The total dose of isoproterenol administered was 260 mg, two thirds of this during the first 12 h. The patient left hospital well after 7 days but was readmitted after 26 days because of intestinal obstruction due to ischemic bowel necrosis. PMID- 6617682 TI - The effect of pindolol on the two years mortality after complicated myocardial infarction. AB - The effect of oral pindolol 15 mg daily was compared with placebo in 529 patients who had electrical and/or mechanical complications after an acute myocardial infarction. The study was multicentric (five in Sweden, two in Australia) and patients were allocated in a stratified manner to placebo (266 patients) or pindolol (263 patients). Treatment was started 1--21 days after infarction and patients were followed for 2 years. Forty-seven patients (17.7%) in the placebo group and 45 patients (17.1%) in the pindolol group died. In patients who commenced therapy later than 5 days after myocardial infarction mortality was 18% lower in the pindolol group and there was an even greater difference in patients who commenced therapy after 12 days. Patients who were on digitalis therapy had a lower mortality if treated with pindolol. The apparent improvement in prognosis in patients treated in Sweden compared to Australia may have been due to later entry of patients. This study suggests that improvement in prognosis when beta blocking drugs are given after myocardial infarction may only apply to certain groups of patients. No benefit is gained by commencing an oral beta blocking drug immediately and such therapy need not be started before 1 week or more after the myocardial infarct. PMID- 6617681 TI - Effects of flecainide on electrophysiological properties of accessory pathways in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. AB - The effect of flecainide in 12 patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome was analyzed with respect to the anterograde and retrograde conduction properties of the accessory pathway, the modes of initiation and termination of circus movement tachycardias, and the ventricular response during induced atrial fibrillation. The principal effect of this drug was to depress both anterograde and retrograde conduction of the accessory pathway. In 8/9 cases circus movement tachycardia was terminated by prolongation of the retrograde effective refractory period of the accessory pathway. Flecainide increased the shortest and the mean cycle length during induced atrial fibrillation. It is concluded that the drug may be of potential benefit in patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias in patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. PMID- 6617683 TI - A new protocol of programmed stimulation for assessment of predisposition to spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias. AB - We have devised a simple method for identifying predisposition to spontaneous sustained ventricular fibrillation (VF) and tachycardia (VT). A standardized protocol of programmed stimulation was applied to 111 control subjects without ventricular disease and with no history of VF or VT (Group I) and to 27 patients with previous myocardial infarction and documented spontaneous (in the absence of evidence of further acute myocardial ischaemia) VF or VT (Group II). The stimulation protocol consisted of single and paired ventricular extra stimuli introduced during ventricular drive at the right ventricular apex and outflow tract, at twice diastolic threshold current intensity and at 20 mA. None of the Group I subjects exhibited VF or sustained (more than 10 s) VT. In contrast sustained arrhythmias were induced in 24 (89%) of Group II patients. We conclude: In our study population, initiation of a sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmia at programmed stimulation was both a sensitive (89%) and specific (100%) indicator for predisposition to spontaneous VF and VT. PMID- 6617684 TI - Familial inducible torsade de pointes with normal QT interval. AB - A familial presentation of torsade de pointes is described. The propositus had recurrent syncope, documented torsade de pointes, a normal Q-T, and close coupled premature ventricular beats initiating the paroxysmal arrhythmia. The mother had sporadic syncope without documented torsade de pointes, a normal Q-T, and closely coupled premature ventricular beats. Electrophysiological studies demonstrated reproducible inducible torsade de pointes tachycardia in both patients. Serial drug testing in both revealed suppression of induced torsade de pointes with oral propranolol. Chronic oral propranolol resulted in clinical cure in both patients. PMID- 6617685 TI - Non-pharmacological provocation of coronary vasospasm. Experience with prolonged hyperventilation in the coronary care unit. AB - Results are reported of prolonged hyperventilation as a provocation test in a consecutive series of six patients with a clinical diagnosis of Prinzmetal's variant angina (PVA) and a control series of eight patients. All the patients with PVA responded to the hyperventilation test (HVT) with significant ST deviation (five with elevation, one with depression) and typical anginal pain. None of the eight patients in the control series were positive responders. Sustained attacks of serious arrhythmias were recorded in one patient with PVA. Sensitivity to HVT showed circadian variations; the tests were positive only in the early morning at the time of the reported spontaneous attacks. Beta blockade changed a negative HVT response to a positive one in one case. Treatment with calcium channel blockers suppressed the positive response in all patients. After cessation of long-term treatment with calcium channel blockers, HVT suggested spontaneous remission in spasm tendency in three out of four patients with PVA from a previous series of 12 patients. It is concluded that HVT as a non pharmacological provocation test may prove an effective and comparatively safe procedure with potential for controlling the efficacy of drug treatment and confirming spontaneous remission of vasospastic disease. Optimal facilities for resuscitation should be at hand during the test due to risk of provoking life threatening arrhythmias. PMID- 6617686 TI - Haemodynamic effects of intravenous labetalol in hypertensive patients with obstructive coronary heart disease complicated by acute myocardial infarction of recent origin. PMID- 6617687 TI - The effect of verapamil on myocardial exchange of free fatty acids, citrate, lactate and glucose in coronary artery disease. AB - Twelve patients with coronary artery stenosis (greater than 50% diameter reduction) underwent two identical periods of atrial pacing before and after i.v. verapamil (0.1 mg/kg). Myocardial exchanges of free fatty acids (FFA), citrate, lactate and glucose were evaluated from measurements of arterio-coronary sinus differences (n = 12) and coronary sinus blood flow (CSBF) (n = 9). Before verapamil 11 patients developed angina. Verapamil abolished pain in seven and improved pacing time to angina in four patients. After verapamil, aortic pressure decreased (P less than 0.05), while the rate pressure product remained unchanged during rest and pacing. Verapamil decreased CSBF by 20% (P less than 0.05) during pacing, and increased oxygen extraction both during pacing and recovery. During pacing verapamil increase net FFA extraction (P less than 0.01) and uptake (1 to 8 mumol/min P less than 0.05), and decreased glucose extraction (P less than 0.05) and uptake (22 to 11 mumol/min P less than 0.02. Verapamil increased myocardial citrate release during pacing (P less than 0.05), suggesting a citrate inhibition of glycolysis as a possible mechanism of the inhibited glucose uptake. During pacing, verapamil reduced lactate release in seven patients (P less than 0.05) and decreased lactate extraction in five patients (P less than 0.05). The results suggest that verapamil mediates its beneficial effect on pacing-induced angina, in part by changing substrate utilization of the ischaemic myocardium in man towards that of normal heart. PMID- 6617688 TI - M-mode contrast echocardiography in patients with univentricular heart. AB - M-mode echocardiographic peripheral venous contrast studies of 23 patients with complex forms of univentricular heart were compared with cineangiocardiographic findings obtained in traditional and axial projections. The morphology of the main ventricular chamber (left type 16, right 6, indeterminate 1), of the rudimentary chamber (16 anterior and four posterior), the type and modalities of atrioventricular connections (common AV valve 6, two AV valves 13, absent left connection 4), the connections and the interrelationships of the great arteries as well as the degree of obstruction of the outlet portions were analysed by both methods. M-mode echocardiography did not provide valuable information about atrioventricular valve morphology: in three cases discordant results were found. Contrast studies improved the diagnostic capabilities and allowed identification of double inlet connection in 10 out of 11 patients and of single inlet in four out of five patients respectively. PMID- 6617690 TI - A device to select the optimal time to replace the pacemaker activated by a lithium-iodine battery: results of 8 years of experience. PMID- 6617689 TI - Prevalence of secondary hypertension in a population sample of Swedish women. AB - In a comprehensive population study of 1462 women aged 38--60 in Goteborg, Sweden, the prevalence of secondary hypertension was estimated to be 0.8% of the total population sample and 4.6% of those who were hypertensive (defined as systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 160 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 95 mmHg or both or antihypertensive treatment irrespective of blood pressure levels). These figures were based on thorough clinical and laboratory investigations and a follow-up period of 12 years. Women with arterial hypertension reported a history of toxaemia of pregnancy and a family history of hypertension more often than non-hypertensive women. In comparison with non-hypertensive women, in both untreated and treated hypertensive women, serum uric acid, urinary methoxycatecholamine excretion, body weight and the prevalence of albuminuria were increased and serum potassium decreased (statistically significant differences). PMID- 6617691 TI - Cardioprotection quo vadis? The role of nifedipine. 5-6 November 1982, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. PMID- 6617692 TI - Nifedipine with and without propranolol in the treatment of myocardial ischemia: effect on ventricular arrhythmias and recovery of regional wall function. AB - Sudden reperfusion of ischemic myocardium has been related to an extension of damage, due to sudden increases in transmembrane calcium fluxes. When the calcium slow channel blocker nifedipine (1 microgram kg-1 min-1 i.v.) was infused just prior to release of a 30 min partial obstruction of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in anesthetized pigs, recovery of regional function was better (75%) than in untreated animals (50%). The number of reperfusion arrhythmias was also significantly lower in the treated animals. In another series of experiments, ventricular fibrillation occurred in 80% of the untreated animals within 10 min after the complete acute occlusion of the LAD. Animals pretreated with propranolol (0.5 mg kg-1 i.v. bolus + infusion) or nifedipine (0.05 microgram kg-1 min-1 i.c.) showed a similar high incidence of ventricular fibrillation. However, when the administration of these drugs was combined, 60% of the animals survived three periods (10 min) of intermittent myocardial ischemia. When the continuous infusion of nifedipine was preceded by a bolus of 2.0 microgram kg-1, sufficient to abolish systolic wall thickening completely, the incidence of ventricular fibrillation was also reduced. Recovery of regional function was nearly complete in these animals. PMID- 6617693 TI - Protective effect of nifedipine in myocardial ischemia assessed by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - Calcium antagonists may protect the myocardium against the consequences of ischemia. Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) was used to study the effect of nifedipine on intracellular acidosis and high energy phosphate depletion during global ischemia. Isolated rat hearts were paced (300 beats/min), perfused with a modified Tyrode solution for 30 min, made totally ischemic for 30 min (37 degrees C) and then reperfused for 30 min. When required, nifedipine (1 mg/l) was added to the perfusion fluid 10 min before ischemia. During ischemia intracellular pH fell from 7.11 +/- 0.03 (mean +/- S.E.M.) to 5.88 +/- 0.04 in the untreated hearts (n = 6), and from 7.11 +/- 0.03 to 5.95 +/- 0.02 in the treated hearts (n = 6). During the first 20 min of ischemia, intracellular pH was significantly higher in the treated than in the untreated hearts (P less than 0.001). Myocardial creatine phosphate (CP) content was depleted after 15 min of ischemia in the untreated hearts, and after 20 min of ischemia in the hearts treated with nifedipine. Myocardial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content was depleted after 20 min of ischemia in the untreated hearts; ATP content in hearts that received nifedipine amounted to 23.5 +/- 6.2% of control after 30 min of ischemia. In contrast with the untreated hearts, the nifedipine-treated hearts showed a rapid recovery of CP content during reperfusion. The results indicate that nifedipine protects the myocardium against the metabolic consequences of ischemia and reperfusion. PMID- 6617694 TI - Energy conservation in ischemic rat heart by nifedipine plus propranolol. PMID- 6617695 TI - Cardioprotection with calcium antagonists by suppression of early ischaemia and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias. AB - This paper discusses the relevance of certain animal models for the production of ischaemia and reperfusion-induced ventricular arrhythmias to clinical problems of ischaemia, for example, sudden cardiac death. It then describes experiments in anaesthetised rats subjected to acute coronary artery occlusion in which nifedipine (administered both intravenously and orally) prevented the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation and markedly increased survival. In anaesthetised dogs, a continuous intravenous infusion of nifedipine reduced the severity and incidence of ventricular ectopic activity and also dramatically improved survival on reperfusion fro 12.5% (in the controls) to 88%. The mechanisms of this protection are discussed. PMID- 6617696 TI - Calcium antagonists and cardioplegia in cardiac surgery. Abstracts. PMID- 6617698 TI - Third joint meeting of the Working Groups of the European Society of Cardiology. 5--7 September, 1983, Spa, Belgium. Abstracts. PMID- 6617699 TI - Effect of 99mTc-Sn-colloid incubation time on in vivo distribution. AB - The in vitro particle size of 99mTc-Sn-colloid preparation increases with the length of incubation time after reconstitution. It was found that the percentage of particles trapped (T) by a 1-micron filter as a function of time (t) could be represented by the logarithmic equation T = 5.3 + 15.7 ln t (r = 0.96). This material was applied to a crossover study involving 25 patients each of whom received preparations of the same reconstituted 99mTc-Sn-colloid that had been incubated for 15 min and (each patient received both) 5 h. It was found that there was a significant shift of radioactivity to the spleen and a significant decrease in background with the material that had been incubated longer. The 99mTc-Sn-colloid is adequate for the disclosure of space-occupying disease in the liver and spleen, but unreliable for drawing conclusions on the status of liver function based on the changes in splenic concentration. PMID- 6617697 TI - Haemodynamic effects of the optical isomers of beta-receptor blocking agents. AB - All beta-adrenergic blocking agents possess an asymmetric carbon atom in the side chain. Therefore there are two optical isomers. Pharmacological studies have clearly shown that the beta-adrenergic blocking action is almost exclusively due to the levorotatory isomer. Both, the levorotatory and the dextrorotatory isomer of some beta receptor blocking agents possess membrane stabilizing activity. Studies in patients with hypertension and in patients with coronary artery disease revealed that the beneficial effect of adrenergic beta receptor blocking drugs in these disease states is due to their beta adrenergic activity and not to the membrane stabilizing action. PMID- 6617701 TI - Bone scintigraphy and postoperative ureteropelvic urine extravasation. AB - A case of severe urinary extravasation after renal pyeloplasty resulted in symptoms strongly suggestive of musculoskeletal origin. Bone scintigraphy revealed no findings relating to the skeletal system, but because of renal excretion of the tracer, the cause of the postoperative pain was revealed. The value of bone scintigraphy as a urinary tract diagnostic screening tool is probably underrated, even though at least 15% of studies fortuitously detect abnormalities of the urinary tract. PMID- 6617700 TI - Improvement of bone scintigraphy by quantitative evaluation compared with X-ray studies and iliac crest biopsy in malignant disease. AB - Bone marrow biopsy of the iliac crest was performed on 268 patients (124 males; 144 females). Of these patients 206 had haematological systemic disorders (HSD) or carcinoma and suspected bone involvement, which was confirmed by biopsy on 66 patients. Bone biopsy was performed not longer than 3 weeks after X-ray examination and bone scintigraphy which, combined, had already raised the suspicion of skeletal involvement in 55% of the 66 patients with skeletal involvement diagnosed by biopsy. Additional quantitative evaluation of the bone scans using bone to soft tissue ratios was able to increase the overall accuracy to 67% in that group. Additional quantitative assessment of the scan yielded considerably more effective bone scintigraphy, particularly in cases with visually normal patterns. Available equipment should therefore be used in scintigraphic bone imaging on a routine basis. It was shown that the various methods of examination, i.e. X-ray, biopsy and scintigraphy with both visual and quantitative evaluation provide their own individual values for the final diagnosis. Therefore, if one of the methods shows a negative result, bone involvement is not excluded and the others should be used for confirmation. PMID- 6617702 TI - A method of quantitative 67Ga scintigraphy in the evaluation of pulmonary sarcoidosis. AB - 67Ga scintigraphy was performed in 42 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and in 30 control subjects. Accumulation of the radionuclide in hili and lungs was quantified by a computer method. The values in control subjects were found to be within a relatively narrow range. The pattern of 67Ga accumulation clearly differed in patients who were radiographically defined as having only lymphadenopathy and in patients also having parenchymal involvement. Corticosteroid therapy resulted in a sharp decline of values of isotope uptake, although hilar activity remained slightly elevated. The quantitative uptake measurement proved to be superior to a subjective scoring method. PMID- 6617704 TI - Uncommon sites of bone infarction in a sickle cell anemia patient. AB - Unusual sites of bone infarction, in the skull and sternum, were observed in a patient suffering from sickle cell anemia. A 99mTc-MDP scan was performed and demonstrated foci of decreased activity in the symptomatic regions. The differentiation of bone infarction from osteomyelitis in sickle cell anemia patients is illustrated. PMID- 6617703 TI - 67Ga-transferrin and 67Ga-lactoferrin binding to tumor cells: specific versus nonspecific glycoprotein-cell interaction. AB - In order to evaluate the mechanisms which facilitate the transfer of 67Ga from transferrin in plasma to intracellular binding sites, lactoferrin, a glycoprotein with high affinity for 67Ga, was used as a probe to study the effect of protein binding on gallium uptake by tumor cells. The in vivo effect of transferrin and lactoferrin on the biodistribution of 67Ga was studied in nude mice bearing human malignant mesothelioma. Tumor uptake of 67Ga was reduced 30% by transferrin and 57% by lactoferrin compared with 67Ga-citrate alone. Liver uptake of 67Ga, however, was significantly increased by binding to lactoferrin. The in vitro binding of 67Ga to tumor cells (Burkitt's lymphoma) was apparently promoted by the addition of transferrin or lactoferrin to the incubation medium, but this glycoprotein enhancement of gallium uptake by the cells was dependent on the albumin level, decreasing in absolute uptake as the albumin concentration was increased, suggesting nonspecific binding of glycoproteins to cells. Because of the significant amount of nonspecific binding of 67Ga-labeled glycoprotein complexes in cell culture experiments, in vitro experiments should be used with caution in developing a hypothesis on the mechanisms of cellular uptake of radiogallium. In vivo experiments suggest different mechanisms for cellular uptake of 67Ga in neoplastic tissue and in liver. PMID- 6617705 TI - Effects of aging on regulation of cerebral blood flow and metabolism. Abstracts. IInd Satellite Symposium, San Remo (Italy), 30th June, 1st July, 1983. PMID- 6617706 TI - Effect of temperature on the arrested heart exposed to a 4-hour ischemia during blood potassium cardioplegia. An experimental study. AB - This study was undertaken to evaluate the optimal myocardial temperature during a 4-hour ischemia induced by blood potassium cardioplegia (PC). Heart-lung preparations with work load circuit were used as experimental model. 24 mongrel dogs were divided into four groups and two myocardial temperatures (moderate hypothermia, deep hypothermia) and two perfusates (PC with blood, PC without blood) were tested. Parameters used to evaluate the myocardial protection include the coronary sinus blood pH of the initial reperfusion and left ventricular stroke work after resuscitation. In blood PC at moderate hypothermia, deleterious acid metabolites were minimally produced as evidenced by the coronary sinus blood pH (7.221 +/- 0.122) at initial reperfusion, and cardiac function was best recovered in this group. Blood PC at moderate hypothermia allows the heart to tolerate 4 h ischemia without an excessively elevated coronary perfusion pressure during cardioplegic infusion. PMID- 6617707 TI - Mitral disc valve implantation in the dog: early and late valve thrombosis and its prevention. AB - Valve thrombosis and its prevention was studied in 33 Labrador retriever dogs who received Hall-Haster mitral disc valves during extracorporeal circulation with extreme hemodilution. Three antithrombotic regimes were used. (1) 12 dogs received 1 g heparin preoperatively, and Warfarin tablets from the first postoperative day. Anticoagulation was controlled with thrombotest (TT), aiming at 20-25% of normal coagulation activity. (2) 9 dogs received 10 mg of heparin intravenously hourly for 10 h, and intravenous injections of Warfarin daily, aiming at TT values of 15-20%. (3) The last 12 dogs had continuous heparin infusion for 24 h, and Warfarin injections before as well as after the operation in doses sufficient to reduce the TT to 10-15% of normal. Stable anticoagulation was very difficult to maintain. Only 15 dogs survived the first postoperative day, 7 were alive after 4 weeks. 7 early and 5 late deaths were due to valve thrombosis. All three antithrombotic regimes were equally ineffective in preventing thrombosis, and more intensive antithrombotic prophylaxis is needed to make the canine model suitable for experimental open-heart surgery. PMID- 6617708 TI - Solute equilibrium over the extracellular fluid space in haemorrhagic hypotension: a study in a cannulated thoracic duct model. AB - Haemorrhagic hypotension, 50 mm Hg, has been inflicted on non-starved rats. Osmolar and solute developments have been followed in lymph and arterial plasma to assess diffusion and equilibration characteristics of the initial stages of haemorrhage. Lymph flow changes have reflected an intracellular fluid mobilization to the interstitium, caused by an osmotic gradient due to the elevated levels of glucose. A fluid homeostatic effect of pseudodiabetes associated with stress and haemorrhage is postulated. PMID- 6617709 TI - Effects of isotonic fluid load on plasma water and extracellular fluid volumes in the rat. AB - An isotonic fluid load was given to rats by infusing 12 ml saline i.v. in 60 min. The plasma water and extracellular fluid volumes of the whole animal and selected tissues were subsequently studied with 125I human serum albumin and 51Cr EDTA. The fluid infused was equivalent to 130% of the plasma water volume. The total extracellular fluid volume increased by 17%, while the total plasma water measured with RIHSA remained unchanged. The regional extracellular fluid volumes increased in the lung (14%), the gastric fundus (15%), large intestine (21%) and skin (28%). The results illustrate the selective distribution of an isotonic fluid overload, those tissues being effected having high compliances. PMID- 6617710 TI - Effect of ethanol intake on disopyramide elimination by healthy volunteers. AB - The effect of ethanol intake on disopyramide elimination was examined in an open crossover study in six healthy volunteers. No effect of ethanol on the elimination half-life or total body clearance of disopyramide was found, although it did decrease the percentage of mono-N-dealkylated disopyramide excreted in the urine (p less than 0.05) as well as the relative metabolic clearance of disopyramide (p less than 0.05). The renal clearance of disopyramide was increased by 19 +/- 16% (p less than 0.05) in subjects in whom ethanol caused a diuresis. PMID- 6617711 TI - Diffusion of oxyphenbutazone into synovial fluid, synovial tissue, joint cartilage and cerebrospinal fluid. AB - The diffusion of oxyphenbutazone into synovial and cerebrospinal fluids and synovium and joint cartilage was investigated in 25 patients receiving short-term treatment. In the synovial fluid, the mean oxyphenbutazone concentration, was 57.1 +/- 13.4% of the plasma level, due to its excellent diffusion into the joint cavity. In synovial tissue, the oxyphenbutazone level was higher in patients with severe inflammation than in those with no or little inflammation. Penetration into joint cartilage is less than into synovial tissue. In cerebrospinal fluid the concentration was close to the level of free plasma oxyphenbutazone. The findings show increased diffusion of oxyphenbutazone towards its site of action in inflammation. PMID- 6617712 TI - Close correlation of acetaminophen clearance with that of conjugated benzodiazepines but not oxidized benzodiazepines. AB - The clearance of the antipyretic-analgesic drug acetaminophen, biotransformed in humans by glucuronide and sulfate conjugation, was evaluated in 32 healthy young and elderly volunteers. Subjects received a single 650-mg dose of acetaminophen, and multiple plasma concentrations measured over the next 12 h. Random subgroups of subjects also participated in studies of the oxidized benzodiazepines diazepam, desmethyldiazepam and alprazolam, and of the conjugated benzodiazepines lorazepam, oxazepam and temazepam. Acetaminophen clearance was not related to that of the oxidized benzodiazepines, but was highly correlated with clearance of lorazepam (r = 0.70, n = 11, p less than 0.02), oxazepam (r = 0.76, n = 14, p less than 0.005) and temazepam (r = 0.63, n = 16, p less than 0.01). Thus acetaminophen may serve as a probe or marker compound to evaluate drug conjugating capacity in humans. PMID- 6617713 TI - Pharmacokinetics of digoxin in pregnancy. AB - Digoxin-renal-clearance, creatinine-clearance, 24-h urine elimination of digoxin and serum digoxin were studied in 15 patients in the third trimester of pregnancy and 6 to 12 weeks post-partum. There was significant fall post-partum in the first three. There was also a significant fall post-partum in serum digoxin levels. This finding was unexpected, but may be due to heightened absorption exceeding increased elimination because of the physiological status in pregnancy. PMID- 6617714 TI - Formal theory of discrete drug dosing regimen adjustments. PMID- 6617715 TI - The effect of a new antiarrhythmic agent, flecainide acetate, on systolic time intervals. AB - We investigated the effect of flecainide on systolic time intervals in 6 healthy subjects. A randomized, double blind, cross-over study was designed using flecainide (2 mg/kg), propranolol (0.2 mg/kg) or saline. In comparison with placebo, flecainide increased heart rate, diastolic BP, QT-Index, QS2-Index, PEP, and reduced LVET-Index (p less than 0.05). It caused a significant increase in PR interval, QRS duration, and PEP/LVET (p less than 0.01). Propranolol, compared with placebo, decreased heart rate and systolic BP (p less than 0.05). It increased PR interval, PEP, and PEP/LVET ratio (p less than 0.05). In comparison with propranolol, flecainide increased heart rate and QRS duration (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.001 respectively). It increased diastolic BP, PR interval, QS2-Index, PEP, and PEP/LVET ratio, and decreased LVET-Index (p less than 0.05). These changes in STI induced by flecainide may be produced by depression of myocardial contractility. Intraventricular conduction delay may be an additional contributing factor. PMID- 6617716 TI - Effect of the orally absorbed dopamine analogue N-methyldopamine diisobutyric ester on plasma prolactin levels. AB - The effect of the diisobutyric ester of N-methyldopamine (Ibopamine) on plasma prolactin levels was investigated in normoprolactinaemic subjects and in hyperprolactinaemic patients with prolactin-secreting tumours or idiopathic hyperprolactinaemia. In hyperprolactinaemic states oral Ibopamine 50 mg induced a significant decrease in elevated plasma prolactin (PRL) levels, 30, 60 and 90 min after administration. The peak effect occurred at 90 min when the mean PRL level was 61% of its basal values. PMID- 6617717 TI - Reduction of phenytoin clearance caused by cimetidine. AB - The effect of cimetidine on the disposition kinetics of phenytoin was investigated in 7 healthy volunteers. Each subject received a single intravenous dose of phenytoin on two occasions, in the control state, and during concurrent treatment with cimetidine 1 200 mg/day for 6 days. A slight but statistically significant decrease both in the rate of elimination and total body clearance of phenytoin was observed during the administration of cimetidine. The effect is probably due to inhibition of metabolism. PMID- 6617718 TI - Pharmacokinetic aspects of the interaction between clobazam and cimetidine. AB - The pharmacokinetic interaction between clobazam and cimetidine was studied in 9 healthy male volunteers in an open-labelled study. After a single oral dose of clobazam 30 mg, a wash-out period of 14 days was followed by daily doses of cimetidine 1 g for one week. Thereafter a single oral dose of clobazam 30 mg was again given. The plasma concentrations of clobazam and its main metabolite N desmethyl-clobazam were measured by gas-chromatography. The area under the curve (AUC0-infinity) of plasma clobazam level was significantly larger after pretreatment with cimetidine and the elimination half life of clobazam was significantly longer. There were no statistically significant differences in Cmax and tmax for plasma clobazam. The plasma levels of N-desmethyl-clobazam did not show any significant change after the intake of cimetidine. PMID- 6617719 TI - Plasma nifedipine levels and fall in blood pressure in a 53 year old woman. PMID- 6617721 TI - The effect of PK5078, a new serotonin uptake inhibitor, on serotonin levels and uptake in human platelets, following administration to healthy volunteers. AB - PK 5078 is a recently developed compound which inhibits specifically the neuronal reuptake of serotonin and enhance its release. PK 5078 was administered to healthy male volunteers in single and multiple oral doses and the effects on platelet serotonin uptake and content were examined. A significant dose-related inhibition of 3H-serotonin uptake by platelets was observed following single oral doses of PK 5078 (25-150 mg), with maximal inhibition at 75 mg. This was evident 2 h after dosing and was still marked after 10 h. Plasma collected from the subjects after dosing also had a considerable dose-related effect on the uptake of 3H-serotonin by untreated platelets. No significant alteration in platelet serotonin content was observed after single doses of PK 5078. When PK 5078 (50 mg) was administered twice daily for 9 days there was a rapid and sustained reduction in 3H-serotonin uptake by platelets, which returned to pretreatment levels 2 days after discontinuation of the drug. A similar response was observed when plasma from these subjects was incubated with untreated platelets. The rate of depletion of endogenous platelet serotonin was much slower with minimum levels being attained on the morning after the final dose. The recovery following withdrawal was also slow with serotonin levels approaching pre-dose values 14 days after the final dose of PK 5078. PMID- 6617722 TI - The influence of duration of intravenous infusion of an acute dose on plasma concentrations of cimetidine. PMID- 6617720 TI - Effect of diuretics and calcium antagonists on circulatory parameters and plasma catecholamines during mental stress. AB - In a model of mental stress the influence of nifedipine and hydrochlorothiazide on stress-induced changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and plasma catecholamines was studied in normal persons. The drugs were used to investigate whether substances with antihypertensive but no particular sympatholytic properties were capable of suppressing emotionally induced stress reactions. In all subjects blood pressure and heart rate increased significantly during mental stress, and this effect was not inhibited either by nifedipine or hydrochlorothiazide. In the hydrochlorothiazide group plasma noradrenaline levels were significantly higher than in controls in the resting state and during the stress reaction, whereas in the nifedipine group no difference was observed. It is concluded that nifedipine or hydrochlorothiazide do not inhibit emotional stress reactions in normotensive persons. PMID- 6617723 TI - Continuous infusion of high-dose metoclopramide for the prevention of nausea and vomiting in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. AB - Fourteen patients undergoing strongly emetic cancer chemotherapy received a total of 33 continuous infusions of high-dose metoclopramide to prevent nausea and vomiting. Metoclopramide 2 mg/kg was given as an i.v. infusion over 15 min followed by continuous infusion over 13 h of 5 mg/kg. The antiemetic response could be evaluated in 12 patients receiving their first continuous metoclopramide infusion. Six patients were partly or completely protected from acute gastrointestinal disturbances. Three patients experienced a short-lived extrapyramidal syndrome during the continuous metoclopramide infusions. Other side effects observed were mild. Thus, high-dose metoclopramide given as a continuous infusion is an effective antiemetic treatment in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 6617724 TI - Brotizolam: a sleep laboratory evaluation. AB - Brotizolam 0.25 mg was evaluated in a sleep laboratory study of 10 normal subjects. The study covered 10 consecutive nights and included 4 placebo-baseline nights, 3 nights on the drug and 3 placebo-withdrawal nights, which permitted assessment of initial drug effects, side effects and withdrawal phenomena, such as rebound insomnia. There was a significant increase in total sleep time with drug administration; the improvement in sleep occurred primarily in the first third of the night following the onset of sleep. During the day after nightly drug administration, the presence of rebound anxiety was suggested by an increase in reports of anxiety/tension as compared to baseline. Following drug withdrawal there was a significant increase in total wake time above baseline level, to 40% above baseline on the first and third nights of withdrawal. PMID- 6617726 TI - Tizanidine--initial pharmacokinetic studies in patients with spasticity. AB - The time-course of plasma concentrations of the antispasticity agent tizanidine were measured by a specific radioimmune-assay in six adults who had severe spasticity due to multiple sclerosis. The drug was given as a single oral 4 mg dose to each subject. The drug had a mean absorption half-life of 0.30 +/- 0.155 h following a mean lagtime of 0.361 +/- 0.118 h, and a mean terminal elimination half-life of 4.16 +/- 2.06 h. Only 2.65 +/- 0.82% of the dose was excreted unchanged in urine in 2 h. Calculated values of clearance and apparent volume of distribution were almost certainly overestimates as it seems probable that the orally-administered drug undergoes significant presystemic elimination (its bioavailability was not determined in the investigation here reported). Relief of spasticity, from the dosage used, was relatively slight and appeared greatest at the time of peak plasma levels of the drug. PMID- 6617725 TI - Effects of clofibrate, bezafibrate, fenofibrate and probucol on plasma lipolytic enzymes in normolipaemic subjects. AB - Ten male, normolipaemic, non-obese subjects were given clofibrate 2 g daily, fenofibrate 300 mg daily, bezafibrate 600 mg daily and probucol 1 g daily for eight days, in a crossover study with a wash-out period of 4-8 weeks between each drug regimen. Clofibrate, fenofibrate and bezafibrate caused a significant decrease in serum triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations. Probucol caused a significant increase in serum LDL-cholesterol concentration. Serum HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly increased by bezafibrate and significantly decreased by probucol. All drugs but probucol led to a significant rise in the activity of the plasma lipoprotein lipase; there was not a significant increase in the activity of plasma hepatic lipase after any drug. The activity of plasma lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase was significantly increased by fenofibrate and probucol. Analysis of the correlations between serum lipids and plasma lipolytic enzymes suggests that the mechanism of the hypolipidaemic action of clofibrate and bezafibrate might be related to increased catabolism of triglyceride-rich particles; that of fenofibrate and probucol was less clear and might be multifactorial in origin. PMID- 6617727 TI - Intestinal absorption of levodopa in man. AB - In four healthy subjects the intestinal absorption of levodopa (l-dopa) was investigated by measuring the plasma concentration of the amino acid following the administration of l-dopa at three different sites in the small intestine. In order to minimize presystemic clearance of l-dopa, the subjects were pretreated with the peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor benserazide 3 X 50 mg every 8 h on the previous day and 1 X 50 mg 2 h prior to administration of the l-dopa. L-dopa 100 mg dissolved in 0.05 N HCl and 50 mg benserazide dissolved in 0.05 N HCl were coadministered. Under these conditions no difference in tmax, cmax or AUC of l dopa was observed between administration of the drug into the proximal or the distal part of duodenum, or into the upper part of jejunum. The results indicate that in healthy subjects, during inhibition of peripheral decarboxylase, the rate and extent of l-dopa absorption does not differ at any site in the upper small intestine. PMID- 6617729 TI - Pharmacokinetics of the new analgesic, meptazinol, after oral and intravenous administration to volunteers. AB - The pharmacokinetics of meptazinol (Meptid) have been studied in nine male volunteers after single and multiple oral administration of 200 mg tablets and also after a single 25 mg intravenous dose. Plasma concentrations of meptazinol were determined by HPLC using fluorescence detection. Drug absorption after oral dosage was rapid, peak plasma concentrations being reached between 0.25 and 2 h after drug administration. Subsequent elimination proceeded in an apparently mono exponential fashion with a half-life of 2 h, although after intravenous dosage there was evidence of an initial rapid distributive phase. The mean total plasma clearance was 2.21/min and the mean apparent volume of distribution (Vd beta) was 4.99 l/min. The bioavailability ranged from 1.9 to 18.5% (mean = 8.7%) and was related to the rate of absorption. Multiple dosing, 6-hourly for 3 days, did not produce any accumulation above that predicted from a single dose. Plasma protein binding of the drug was 27.1% and did not vary over the therapeutic concentration range of 25 to 250 ng/ml. PMID- 6617728 TI - Pharmacokinetics of ketanserin in man. AB - Kinetic data for the new antihypertensive agent ketanserin were determined in six healthy subjects after single oral (40 mg) or intravenous (0.15 mg/kg) doses. Plasma protein binding was 94.0 +/- 1.8% (mean +/- SD). Cumulative urinary excretion of unchanged drug was less than 4% within 48 h following the single dose. The maximal plasma level (Cmax) of 193 +/- 98.2 micrograms/l occurred within 0.5 to 4.0 h after oral intake. The ketanserin plasma level declined biexponentially after oral administration, and triexponentially over the 36 h following intravenous injection. The terminal elimination half-life (term. t 1/2) averaged 12.4 +/- 2.9 h and 12.8 +/- 4.8 h following oral and intravenous application, respectively. Total plasma clearance was 410 +/- 62.0 (i.v.) and 829 +/- 228 ml/min (p.o.) and the intravenous blood clearance averaged 602 +/- 91 ml/min, which indicates partly flow dependent hepatic elimination. A substantial first-pass effect led to a bioavailability of about 50% (range: 27-69%). Hepatic clearance of ketanserin followed the non-restrictive pattern. No change in blood pressure or heart rate was observed following ketanserin administration to normal volunteers. PMID- 6617730 TI - Preliminary observations on the biliary elimination of mebendazole and its metabolites in patients with echinococcosis. AB - The biliary excretion of mebendazole has been investigated in two patients to whom it was given for the treatment of echinococcosis, although it was found to be only partly effective. Oral mebendazole was extensively metabolized and the conjugated parent substance and its metabolites were excreted in the bile. One patient without cholestasis and with normal liver function had an apparent total biliary clearance (776 ml/min) which approached the hepatic plasma flow. The other patient with cholestasis and impairment of the hepatic drug metabolizing capacity showed a drastically reduced apparent total biliary clearance of 3.8 ml/min. The average plasma level of mebendazole was significantly lower in the former and higher in the latter patient (0.06 and 0.91 nmol/ml, respectively). The data suggest that impaired metabolism and/or biliary elimination can account for the higher plasma mebendazole level in patients with liver damage. PMID- 6617731 TI - Chemotherapy of larval echinococcosis with mebendazole: microsomal liver function and cholestasis as determinants of plasma drug level. AB - High oral doses of mebendazole have been only partly effective in the treatment of patients with alveolar or cystic echinococcosis, possibly due to an inadequate plasma concentration of the drug in some patients. In order to improve therapeutic results the influence of liver function on the plasma levels of mebendazole was investigated during long term therapy. Plasma mebendazole concentrations measured before the morning dose (trough values) showed a highly significant, negative correlation both with the aminopyrine breath test (ABT; rs = -0.78, n = 14, p less than 0.001) and the second exponential component of bromsulphthalein elimination (BSP- k2; rs = -0.74, n = 12, p less than 0.01). These relationships also applied over longer than a single day, since trough and peak mebendazole levels observed over an interval of 6 months before and after testing liver function were equally well correlated with ABT and BSP-k2. The daily dosage and other liver function tests seemed to be of minor importance in determining the plasma levels. It was concluded that the microsomal function of the liver and/or cholestasis might be important determinants of plasma mebendazole levels. The results of the study imply that higher and more effective mebendazole concentrations might be achieved by inhibition of the drug metabolizing capacity of the liver rather than by increasing the dose of mebendazole. PMID- 6617734 TI - The action of anticonvulsant drugs on the firing of locus coeruleus neurons: selective, activating effect of carbamazepine. AB - The action of various doses of intraperitoneally administered carbamazepine, ethosuximide, Na-valproate, phenobarbital and diphenylhydantoin on the neuronal firing rate of presumed noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus was investigated in the anaesthetized rat. Carbamazepine was the only compound which produced a statistically significant, dose-dependent activation of these neurons. The other anticonvulsant drugs caused a small but non significant reduction in locus coeruleus cell firing. It is concluded that this brain nucleus is not a main target of anticonvulsant drugs. PMID- 6617733 TI - Effect of estrogens on dopamine autoreceptors in male rats. AB - There is biochemical and pharmacological evidence indicating that estrogens are capable of substantially modulating post-synaptic dopamine (DA) receptor sensitivity in experimental animals. Recent electrophysiological data, showing that estrogens significantly attenuate the ability of apomorphine to inhibit the firing activity of type B dopamine neurons in the rat substantia nigra, suggest that these hormones may also induce subsensitivity of DA autoreceptors. In accord with this hypothesis, estrogen-treated rats showed no marked decrease of motility counts when challenged with apomorphine (20-50 micrograms/kg) from 24 to 72 h after the last hormone administration. Similarly, the decrease of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels induced by apomorphine (20 micrograms/kg) in the caudate nucleus, in oil-treated control rats was almost completely counteracted by estrogen treatment. Dopamine agonists, such as 2-alpha bromocriptine, piribedil, 3 hydroxyphenylpropylpiperidine and n propylnorapomorphine, failed to induce hypomotility when administered to estrogen treated rats. These behavioural and biochemical results, along with the electrophysiological data, indicate that estrogen treatment is able to induce hyposensitivity of DA autoreceptors. These results may be relevant to the clinical findings indicating that the activity of dopamine receptor agonists varies in relation to sex or hormonal treatments. PMID- 6617735 TI - Omeprazole provides protection against experimentally induced gastric mucosal lesions. AB - Omeprazole, given orally to rats, protects the gastric mucosa against various necrotizing agents, in doses (ED50 values 12-40 mumol/kg) which inhibit acid secretion. However, the protection is due to reduced acid secretion since omeprazole given intravenously in doses which completely inhibit acid secretion is not protective. The mechanism of the protective effect of omeprazole is unknown, but does not seem to be due to stimulation of the endogenous synthesis of prostaglandins since the effect was not blocked by indomethacin. PMID- 6617732 TI - Natural cytotoxicity in the mouse embryo: characterization of yolk sac-associated natural cytotoxic cells and their activity. AB - The natural cytotoxic activity of yolk sac (YS) cells from 10-day mouse embryos against YAC-1 tumor targets was characterized for its sensitivity to modulation by a variety of factors. Experiments demonstrated the observed levels of tumor cell lysis to be unaffected by the strain of origin of the YS cells, trypsin pretreatment of the YS population, as well as a prior stimulation by environmental pathogens. Both the YS natural cytotoxic (YSNC) activity and the adult natural killer (NK) cell activity were found to be depressed when assayed in the presence of amniotic fluid. YS cells were tested for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic activity, but were not found to generate significant levels of lysis. Experiments presented here demonstrate the YSNC activity to be dependent upon only a subpopulation of YS cells. The YSNC activity was found to be associated only with the cells exhibiting high forward angle light scatter as determined by flow cytometry. Additionally the activity was unaffected by the removal of plastic-adherent cells from the effector population. In this study, YSNC cells are also examined for the presence of a variety of lymphocyte antigens. The effector cells, as well as the total YS population, were found to lack Lyt-1, Lyt-2, Thy-1, Ly-5, NK-1, Qa-5, asialo GM1, and H-2 antigens. While these experiments demonstrate the YSNC cells to be distinct from the NK cells of the adult, they do not rule out a potential common lineage for the two natural cytotoxic cell types. PMID- 6617736 TI - Cholecystokinin-like peptides potentiate apomorphine-induced inhibition of dopamine neurons. PMID- 6617737 TI - Hypotensive activity of serotonin receptor agonists in rats is related to their affinity for 5-HT1 receptors. PMID- 6617738 TI - Rapid and discrete changes in hypothalamic catecholamine nerve terminal systems induced by audiogenic stress, and their modulation by nicotine-relationship to neuroendocrine function. AB - The effects of acute audiogenic stress, with or without simultaneous nicotine treatment (0.3 mg/kg i.v.), on catecholamine levels in discrete dopamine and noradrenaline nerve terminal systems of the hypothalamus, and on the secretion of adenohypophyseal hormones and of corticosterone, were studied using quantitative microfluorometric evaluations of catecholamine stores and radioimmunoassays for the determination of serum hormone levels. Audiogenic stress and nicotine induced very rapid and discrete decreases in noradrenaline levels in the subependymal layer (SEL), in the parvocellular part of nuc. paraventricularis hypothalamic (PA FP) and in the posterior periventricular hypothalamic systems, (PV II); the decreases were apparent 2 min following the onset of treatment. Increases of arterial blood pressure were observed after nicotine treatment but could not have been a major factor in producing the changes in catecholamine levels. These changes in NA levels may be related to the nicotine- and stress-induced increases of ACTH (SEL and PA FP) and prolactin secretion (PV II) found in the present experiments. Stress enhanced the rapid but variable increase in vasopressin secretion induced by nicotine, suggesting one possible mechanism by which stress combined with smoking can contribute to the development of increased arterial blood pressure and finally to sustained hypertension. PMID- 6617739 TI - Is acetylcholine release from striatal nerve endings regulated by muscarinic autoreceptors? AB - The presence in cholinergic nerve endings of muscarinic autoreceptors regulating the release of acetylcholine elicited by depolarizing stimuli was investigated in different areas of the rat brain. Synaptosomes prepared from cerebral cortex, hippocampus or corpus striatum were prelabeled with [3H]choline and the inhibitory effect of exogenous acetylcholine on the Ca2+-dependent release of [3H]acetylcholine evoked by 15 mM KCl was analyzed by superfusion. While acetylcholine was equally active in reducing its own release in hippocampus and cortex, it was much less effective in striatal synaptosomes. In contrast the values of several presynaptic cholinergic parameters ([3H]choline uptake, [3H]acetylcholine synthesis and release) were the highest in the striatum. Since experiments with slices showed that autoregulation of acetylcholine release through muscarinic receptors appeared to occur as efficiently in the striatum as in the two other areas, the present results suggest that in the striatum the autoregulation of acetylcholine release may not necessarily require the activation of autoreceptors located on cholinergic nerve terminals. PMID- 6617741 TI - A central site of action for benzamide facilitation of gastric emptying. AB - Gastric emptying of the fed guinea-pig was measured using a non-invasive X-ray fluoroscopic technique to determine passage from the stomach of polystyrene coated barium sulphate spheroids. Peripherally administered metoclopramide (0.1 10 mg/kg i.p.), clebopride (1-10 mg/kg i.p.), (-)-sulpiride (40 mg/kg i.p.), haloperidol (1 mg/kg i.p.) and domperidone (1-10 mg/kg i.p.) failed to modify gastric emptying. Stress inhibited emptying, and this was considered to explain the effects of eserine and high dose metoclopramide. Gastric emptying was decreased by peripherally administered atropine (0.5 mg/kg i.p.) and apomorphine (0.1-0.5 mg/kg s.c.); the apomorphine response was antagonised by pretreatment with haloperidol, domperidone, (-)-sulpiride, metoclopramide and clebopride but not by prazosin + propranolol. Gastric emptying was facilitated by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administrations of metoclopramide and clebopride (40, 100 and 200 micrograms) but not by i.c.v. domperidone, haloperidol, fluphenazine or (-)-sulpiride (100, 200 micrograms) and was inhibited by i.c.v. apomorphine (100, 200 micrograms); the response to i.c.v. apomorphine was antagonised by i.c.v. pretreatments with haloperidol, domperidone, (-)-sulpiride, metoclopramide and clebopride (40-50 micrograms). Facilitation of emptying by i.c.v. metoclopramide was prevented by peripheral pretreatment with atropine (0.5 mg/kg i.p.). It is concluded that the actions of apomorphine and metoclopramide/clebopride to respectively inhibit and facilitate gastric emptying may be mediated, at least in part, via central mechanisms. Whilst apomorphine's action may be mediated via dopamine receptor mechanisms, metoclopramide and clebopride act at additional unspecified sites, metoclopramide's action being expressed via cholinergic mechanisms. PMID- 6617740 TI - Antagonism of the effects of the hallucinogen DOM and the purported 5-HT agonist quipazine by 5-HT2 antagonists. AB - Rats trained to discriminate 1.0 mg/kg of 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2 aminopropane (DOM) from saline in a two-lever operant choice task were administered doses of mescaline, LSD, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-OMe DMT), quipazine, TFMPP and RU-24969. The DOM-stimulus generalized to the three hallucinogenic agents and to quipazine, but not to the purported serotonin agonists TFMPP or RU-24969. Pretreatment of the animals with the 5-HT2 antagonists ketanserin and pirenperone antagonized the effect produced by DOM. Pirenperone also blocked DOM-stimulus generalization to mescaline, LSD, 5-OMe DMT and quipazine. The results of this study suggest that the discriminative stimulus effects of DOM, the three hallucinogenic agents to which DOM-stimulus generalization occurred, and quipazine, may involve those sub-populations of serotonin receptors that are labeled by tritiated ketanserin (i.e. 5-HT2 sites). PMID- 6617743 TI - Apparent down-regulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors of neuroblastoma cells by pilocarpine is due to occluded agonist. AB - Down-regulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors on N1E 115 neuroblastoma cells caused by muscarinic agonists has been studied. Whereas the potent agonist carbachol provokes a true down-regulation of receptors, the down-regulation caused by the partial agonist pilocarpine is only apparent and is actually due to the presence of pilocarpine taken up by the cells and released into the binding assays upon cell breakage. PMID- 6617742 TI - The relevance of cholinergic transmission at the spinal level to opiate effectiveness. AB - Rats chronically implanted with intrathecal catheters displayed a dose-dependent increase in the hot-place and tail-flick response latencies following the injection of morphine or nicomorphine into the subarachnoid space through the indwelling catheter. Naloxone inhibited the antinociceptive effect of both opiate drugs, but the inhibition of nicomorphine-induced antinociception was incomplete. To evaluate the importance of cholinergic mechanisms in opiate effectiveness, the interactions with atropine or physostigmine were evaluated. Atropine reduced the effects of morphine and abolished the effects of nicomorphine at the doses used. Physostigmine markedly potentiated morphine effectiveness, but had a negligible effect on nicomorphine effectiveness. It is proposed that these differences relate to a specific cholinergic mechanism involved in antinociception after intrathecal nicomorphine. The data indicate that at a spinal level cholinergic mechanisms are relevant to opiate effectiveness. PMID- 6617745 TI - Assessment of the chloroethyl analog of 3-PPP (N-n-propyl-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) piperidine), 3-PPP-C1 as an irreversible ligand for central dopaminergic recognition sites. AB - NCA, the chloro analog of the potent dopamine agonist NPA is an irreversible ligand at dopamine receptors in mammalian brain. The chloroethyl analog of the recently described putative dopamine autoreceptor agonist 3-PPP, 3-PPP-C1, was evaluated for its potential use as an irreversible autoreceptor ligand. N Chloroethylation of 3-PPP reduced the intrinsic affinity of the agonist seven fold and, consequently, in contrast to NCA, it was found that 3-PPP-C1 was not a good irreversible ligand at dopamine receptors. PMID- 6617744 TI - Tumors producing chronic hyperprolactinemia do not alter [3H]spiperone binding and dopamine turnover in the corpus striatum of the female rat. AB - We studied the effect of prolactin on the dopamine (DA) receptor density and DA turnover of the rat corpus striatum. Chronic hyperprolactinemia was produced in female rats by implanting prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors. Even in the presence of circulating prolactin concentrations that were two to three orders of magnitude greater than normal, there was no apparent change in the affinity or maximal site numbers of DA receptors in the corpus striatum. In concert with this observation, prolactin also failed to alter DA turnover in the corpus striatum as reflected in the DA/DOPAC ratio. Under the conditions of our experiments, there was no evidence to confirm previous observations of increased density of DA receptors of the corpus striatum in the hyperprolactinemic state. PMID- 6617746 TI - Involvement of periaqueductal gray matter in intestinal effect of centrally administered morphine. AB - Microinjections of morphine in the rat periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) inhibited intestinal transit in linear relation to the log of the dose administered (in the range from 5 to 20 micrograms/rat). This linear regression was parallel with that obtained on intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of morphine and the intracerebral (i.c.) route was calculated to be 4 times more potent than the i.c.v. route and 189 times more potent than the i.p. route. Monolateral electrolytic lesions into the PAG abolished the intestinal effect of i.c.v. morphine to a large extent. The relevance of other brain areas and the type of opiate receptors involved in this central effect of morphine are discussed. PMID- 6617747 TI - The effects of aminophylline on adenosine and ATP actions on sinoatrial conduction in the isolated, blood-perfused dog atrium. AB - The effects of adenosine and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) on sinus cycle length (SCL) and sinoatrial conduction time (SACT) estimated by constant atrial pacing were studied in isolated, blood-perfused canine right atria. Adenosine and ATP were infused into the sinus node artery at a rate of 1, 2 and 4 micrograms/min. Both adenosine and ATP caused an increase in SCL and SACT in a dose-dependent manner and decreased atrial developed tension. There was no significant difference between the effect of adenosine and that of ATP on SCL and SACT. The prolongation of SACT induced by 4 micrograms/min of adenosine and ATP was significantly inhibited by a single injection of 1 to 3 mg of aminophylline, although this dose level of aminophylline did not significantly suppress the prolongation of SCL produced by adenosine and ATP. From these results it is concluded that both adenosine and ATP lengthen SCL and SACT in a dose-related manner, and that aminophylline blocks the increase in SACT much more easily than that in SCL. PMID- 6617748 TI - Differential behavioural effects of dopamine agonists in developing rats: a study of 3-PPP enantiomers. AB - The effect of different dopamine (DA) agonists on spontaneous activity and d amphetamine-induced hyperactivity was studied in 11, 20 and 30 day old rats. The proposed selective DA autoreceptor agonist 3-PPP induced biphasic hyperactivity at 11 and 20 days of age, whereas only hypoactivity was observed at 30 days of age, as shown previously for adult rats. The enantiomers of 3-PPP had differential effect: (+)-3-PPP increased activity in 11 and 20 day old rats, where (-)-3-PPP had no effect in similar doses but motility decreased at a higher dose. At 30 days of age (+)-3-PPP decreased motility at low doses and increased motility at a high dose, whereas (-)-3-PPP induced a monotonic decrease, as observed in adult rats. The reference DA agonists apomorphine and pergolide induced only hyperactivity at 11 and 20 days of age. At 30 days the usual sedative effect of low doses was seen. These results confirm that DA autoreceptors mediating sedation are developed later than postsynaptic DA receptors mediating hyperactivity and suggest that 3-PPP (by its (+)-enantiomer) stimulates postsynaptically. (-)-3-PPP had no detectable postsynaptic DA stimulating activity and may, in contrast, act as a postsynaptic antagonist at high doses. Racemic-and (-)-3-PPP antagonized the d-amphetamine-induced hyperactivity at all ages, whereas (+)-3-PPP had no effect and apomorphine was effective at 30 days of age only. These results suggest that the d-amphetamine antagonism by (-)-3-PPP cannot be explained solely by DA autoreceptor stimulation but that autoreceptor stimulation may contribute to the inhibitory effect in mature rats. PMID- 6617749 TI - Avoidance and ICSS behavioral models dissociate TL-99 and 3-PPP from dopamine receptor antagonists. AB - The behavioral effects of the putative dopamine autoreceptor agonists, TL-99 and 3-PPP, were explored in animal procedures that reveal highly characteristic effects of neuroleptics currently in clinical use. Sidman avoidance responding in rats was not altered appreciably by doses up to 10 mg/kg TL-99 or 30 mg/kg 3-PPP. Higher doses of TL-99 attenuated Sidman avoidance performance in squirrel monkeys, although 3-PPP had no effect. Lever pressing for intracranial self stimulation (ICSS) was attenuated in a dose-related fashion by TL-99 and 3-PPP, with relatively shallow dose-response relationships. A low dose of haloperidol (0.03 mg/kg) partly reversed the effects of 3-PPP (3 mg/kg) on lever pressing ICSS, but not those of TL-99 (3 mg/kg). Yohimbine (3 mg/kg) failed to alter the effects of TL-99 at a dose that abolished the suppressant effect of clonidine on ICSS. Analysis of within-session ICSS response decrement patterns indicated that TL-99 reduced ICSS to a greater extent towards the end of the session than during the first 5 min. No such within-session trend was produced by 3-PPP, suggesting that 3-PPP attenuates ICSS by virtue of a performance deficit. Similar conclusions were reached using a shuttlebox task that involved self-regulation of ICSS duration by rats. Therefore, the clinical profile of neuroleptics is unlikely to be mimicked precisely by 3-PPP or TL-99. Clinical trials of DA autoreceptor agonists for antipsychotic efficacy will indicate whether or not avoidance and ICSS behaviors are relevant to the detection of the intrinsic antipsychotic activity of drugs. PMID- 6617750 TI - Origin of the hypotensive and sympathoinhibitory effect of morphinomimetic agents. AB - In vagotomized dogs, lesions of the lateral reticular nucleus (LRN) region did not change arterial blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity. The hypertensive and tachycardic responses elicited by section of both carotid sinus nerves and both vagus nerves were not altered. However the sympathoinhibitory component of the baroreflex arc was attenuated. These lesions also abolished the hypotensive and sympathoinhibitory effects of fentanyl (10 micrograms/kg i.v.). In debuffered dogs, bilateral lesions of the LRN regions attenuated the effects of fentanyl (20 micrograms/kg i.v.) on arterial blood pressure and splanchnic discharges. Microinfusion of naloxone into the LRN reduced the effects of fentanyl (10 micrograms/kg) administered intravenously. Microinfusion of [D Ala2,Met5]enkephalinamide (0.1-1 microgram) into the LRN region produced a dose dependent decrease in arterial blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity. Lesions of the nucleus ambiguus (NA) region also reduced the effects of fentanyl. In contrast, lesions placed in the ventral median reticular formation or above the NA were ineffective in changing the sympathoinhibitory effect of fentanyl. These results indicate that the lateral reticular formation ventral to the nucleus ambiguus including the lateral reticular nucleus region is involved in the sympathoinhibitory effect of morphinomimetic agents. PMID- 6617751 TI - Differential sensitivity to morphine in nervous and normal pointer dogs. AB - The effects of morphine and pentobarbital on body temperature and heart rate were studied in a line of pointer dogs characterized as genetically nervous. Intravenous administration of cumulative doses of morphine to the conscious, restrained, nervous dogs produced less tachycardia and hypothermia than were observed in control dogs. Nervous and control dogs did not differ in their responses to pentobarbital. These data are consistent with recent findings that nervous dogs have a lower density of opioid receptors in the brain than do control dogs. PMID- 6617752 TI - [Studies on the Dutch rabbit for pyrogen test]. AB - A study was conducted on Dutch rabbits to examine their applicability for the pyrogen test in comparison with the Japanese white rabbit which, conventionally, has been mainly used for the test in Japan. The following results were obtained. Adult Dutch rabbits, so small as to weight only about 60% of average adult weight of the Japanese white, showed a food consumption as low as 40% of that in the latter. None in the Dutch rabbit group suffered dislocation of the hip-joint during restraint on a neck stock while it was frequently encountered among Japanese white rabbits. The body temperature during restraint was unstable in infantile Dutch rabbits (7-8 weeks old)(, but stable in the young (14 weeks old) and in the adult (20-47 weeks old). Adult Dutch rabbits exhibited greater febrile responses to intravenously injected bacterial pyrogen (LPS) than infantile and young Dutch rabbits and adult Japanese white rabbits. A good linear regression was observed between the dose of LPS (0.01-0.1 microgram/kg, iv) and the febrile response in adult Dutch rabbits as well as in adult Japanese white rabbits. From these data, it is concluded that the Dutch rabbit has an advantage over the Japanese white for the pyrogen test in respect of febrile responsiveness and cost of rearing. PMID- 6617753 TI - [Establishment of a rat strain with testicular hypoplasia and its morphological observations]. AB - A testicular hypoplastic (T-H) rat strain, originating from the Wistar-Imamichi rat colony at the Institute for Animal Reproduction, has been maintained by full sib matings since 1974 for eight filial generations. There were no abnormal signs in external features and growth patterns of the T-H strain. Testicular hypoplasia was detectable at about 8 weeks of age by palpation around the scrotum. Unilateral or bilateral testicular abnormalities were detected in 80 out of 391 males of this strain. The incidences were 32.5% for right side, 48.8% for left and 18.8% for both respectively. Reproductive performance of unilateral T-H males were not different from that of normal. While bilateral ones showed normal sexual behavior, they failed to produce their progenies. In adult T-H rats testicular weight was approximately two-fifth of the normal, and the accessory organs such as the seminal vesicles, epididymis and etc., especially located in the same side of the testicular hypoplasia, reduced their size and weight. Occasionally was seen lack or denaturation of the deferent duct or epididymis. At adult age, no spermatogenesis was observed in all hypoplastic testes with a few exception, and normal spermatogenesis in the testis of the normal side of unilateral T-H male. PMID- 6617754 TI - Androgens-induced atresia of the vagina in Sprague-Dawley female rats. AB - Atresia or stricture of the orifice of vagina was detected in 100% of female Sprague-Dawley rats injected subcutaneously within 24 hours after birth with testosterone propionate (1mg), 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (1mg) or 5 alpha androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol (1mg) but was not found in any neonatally intact female rats. On the contrary, a single injection of estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17 beta-diol (10 micrograms) in female rats had no effects. When 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone (1mg) was given into female rats at 0, 1, 2, 3 or 5 days of age, the incidences of the atresia were 85.7%, 63.6%, 25.0%, 0%, and 0%, respectively. PMID- 6617755 TI - Treatment and improvement of the breeding system of the albumin-deficient and jaundiced strain of rats. AB - The AJR (alb/alb, j/j) strain is semi-lethal and the rats die at about two weeks of age. Cross breeding with a pari of ACJ (alb/alb, j/+) is required for maintenance and production. We studied the treatment of AJRs for improvement of the breeding system. AJRs with jaundice on the skin at about 7 days of age were intraperitoneally administered 1 ml/rat of normal rat serum every few days and irradiated with visible light for 14 hours a day in an irradiation box. This treatment allowed us to obtain mature AJRs. The treatment was effective when applied for short periods of 1-4 weeks of age. The frequency of maturation of the treated AJRs was about 27% and the best mating combination was a female ACJ and male AJR. The treatment of AJRs, made the progeny test for the selection of ACJs for breeding pairs of ACJ X ACR unnecessary and increased the frequency of appearance of AJRs to 50%. PMID- 6617756 TI - A novel cell-to-cell interaction between mast cells and other cell types. AB - Time-lapse cinephotomicrography and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been used to study the interactions between rat mast cells and different cell monolayers in culture (fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells and cardiac muscle cells). This report documents a novel form of behavior between mast cells and certain other cell types. We have tentatively termed this cellular behavior 'transgranulation', which involves sequential changes not seen in control cells, including: (1) formation of a granule-containing mast cell pseudopod that becomes closely applied to an adjacent cell; (2) development of specialized plasma membrane interrelationships between apposing cells; (3) alteration of granules and perigranular membranes within the mast cell pseudopod; (4) occasional transfer of exocytosed mast cell granules to the cytoplasm of the adjacent cell; (5) presence of a specialized inclusion body in the mast cell; and finally, (6) either withdrawal of the pseudopod by the mast cell, or casting-off of the pseudopod from the mast cell, leaving it on the surface of the adjacent cell (pseudopod translocation). These mast cell interactions occur specifically with fibroblasts and endothelial cells in vitro and are never observed with cardiac muscle cells or non-cellular substrates. Our investigations of rat mesenteries in situ confirm that these cell-cell interactions also occur in vivo. We suggest it represents a form of cell-to-cell communication involving secretion from a mast cell pseudopod to another cell type. The significance of specialized contacts between mast cells and other cell types in vivo is discussed. PMID- 6617757 TI - Fertilization in brown algae. V. Further investigations of lectins as surface probes. AB - The binding of FITC- (fluorescein isothiocyanate), Au- and 125I-labelled lectins (conA, RCA120 (Ricinus communis agglutinin, MW 120 000) and FBP (fucose-binding protein from Lotus tetragonobolus)) to gametes of Fucus serratus and their physiological effects on fertilization have been studied. Results indicate that eggs strongly bind FITC- and Au-labelled conA and RCA120, whilst FITC-FBP binds strongly to sperm. All three iodinated lectins bound to eggs but this was apparently non-specific and similar in magnitude to the binding of iodinated bovine serum albumin. The results suggested the possibility of two distinct types of lectin receptor on egg surfaces: non-specific, highly abundant receptors and less abundant, specific receptors, possibly locally aggregated. All three lectins inhibit fertilization, FBP being the most effective. PMID- 6617758 TI - Surface structure of isolated metaphase chromosomes. AB - The relationship between the surface protuberances of mitotic chromosomes isolated from HeLa cells and the underlying fiber organization was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Chromosomes were isolated in the presence of 5.0 mM Mg2+ by a method which avoids the use of organic solvents and extremes of pH. Chromosomes in 5.0 mM Mg2+ are highly condensed with a relatively smooth surface structure. In 1.5 mM Mg2+, a knobby surface substructure became apparent, with the protuberances having a mean diameter of 691 +/- 96 A. The diameter was 647 +/- 76 A at a magnesium concentration of 0.5 mM, but was only 349 +/- 52 A at a concentration of 0.15 mM. In 0.05 mM Mg2+, the mean diameter had decreased to 299 +/- 47 A and the chromosomes had expanded such that the underlying fibers had become a predominant feature of the micrographs. The knobby appearance of the chromosomes most likely reflects a radial arrangement of the fibers, which loop back at the peripheries of the chromosomes. PMID- 6617760 TI - Aberrant replication of chromosomal DNA segments in CHO cells as a manifestation of a DNA repair system. AB - We have previously demonstrated that transient blocking of DNA synthesis with drugs such as 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine results in some segments of the chromosomal DNA being replicated more than once in a single cell cycle. One explanation for this phenomenon might be that it is due to a perturbation of the cellular mechanism which normally controls the process of initiating replication of the chromosomal DNA and which ensures that each DNA segment is normally replicated once only in each cell cycle. To examine an alternative explanation, we have used the Chinese hamster ovary CHO-K1 cell line to test whether UV irradiation induces aberrant double replication of chromosomal DNA segments. We present data which show that UV irradiation induces a linear increase (regression coefficient, 0.996) in aberrant reinitiation of DNA replication in DNA segments replicated earlier in the same cell cycle. This was shown by DNA strands labelled with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) being synthesized off 3H-labelled template strands which were themselves synthesized during a [3H]thymidine pulse shortly before the UV irradiation. We suggest that blocked replication forks trigger an emergency response to unreplicated DNA segments in which abnormal origins of replication are used to circumvent this damage. This results in abnormal patterns of DNA replication, and it occurs whether DNA replication forks are blocked metabolically (such as with an inhibitor of DNA polymerase) or physically (as in the case of pyrimidine dimers). PMID- 6617759 TI - Inhibition of glucocorticosteroid action in cultured L-929 mouse fibroblasts by RU 486, a new anti-glucocorticosteroid of high affinity for the glucocorticosteroid receptor. AB - The rate of growth of L-929 mouse fibroblasts in vitro is decreased by the glucocorticosteroid dexamethasone (dex) in vitro, as well as cell adhesiveness. These effects were abolished by RU 486, a new synthetic anti-hormone steroid, in both serum-containing medium and serum-free, chemically defined culture medium. RU 486 did not display any glucocorticosteroid-like activity. 3H-RU 486 binds with high affinity (KDeq approximately 0.4 nM) to the same high affinity receptor binding sites as dex (KD approximately 0.5 nM) in the cell cytosol, as indicated by Scatchard plot, gradient-ultracentrifugation and competition studies. After incubation of whole cells with 3H-RU 486 at 37 degrees C, a radioactive antihormone-receptor complex was found in the nucleus. However, quantitative studies vs 3H-dex indicated that the antagonist provokes less nuclear receptor complex than the agonist. PMID- 6617761 TI - Embryonic cell motility can be guided by physiological electric fields. AB - Migratory embryonic quail somitic fibroblasts display a striking sensitivity to small, steady electric fields. There are three components to their response. They begin to orient their long axes perpendicular to the field lines within 5 min of current application at the optimal field strength of 600 mV/mm. The threshold field for significant orientation in 90 min is 150 mV/mm (only 3 mV/cell width). The cells migrate toward the cathode with a similar low threshold. At field strengths greater than 400 mV/mm, the cells also elongate beginning about 1 h after field application. The importance of this embryonic cell galvanotaxis and orientation by electric fields lies in the possible utilization of this behavior both by the embryo in the guidance of embryonic cell migration in vivo and by the investigator to control cell morphology and directionality of movement in vitro in order to study mechanisms of motility. PMID- 6617762 TI - Ca2+ influx and stimulation of protein synthesis in sea urchin eggs. AB - Acid release, Ca2+ influx and stimulation of protein synthesis were investigated with sea urchin eggs submitted to an excess of KCl, to NH4Cl, and to a combination of both. KCl, though unable to promote any acid release, triggers a large 45Ca uptake by eggs and slightly stimulates protein synthesis, provided that external Ca2+ is present. NH4Cl, which induces an intracellular pH increase, triggers a late and small 45Ca uptake but highly stimulates protein synthesis. The combined use of NH4Cl + KCl allows a large 45Ca uptake to occur but the level of protein synthesis is similar to that obtained with NH4Cl alone and is identical whether external Ca2+ is present or not. In contrast to previous works, our results show that the large stimulation of protein synthesis triggered by an intracellular pH increase, as after NH4Cl activation, cannot be enhanced by a Ca2+ influx. This suggests that the Ca2+ influx occurring after fertilization has only a minimal effect on the overall stimulation of protein synthesis. PMID- 6617763 TI - Insights on plant chromosome structure provided by the FPG technique. AB - The high resolution afforded by the fluorescence plus Giemsa (FPG) labelling method has allowed us to visualize three main features in BrdU-substituted A. cepa chromosomes. These are (1) exchanged segments smaller than the width of the chromatid detected after BrdU substitution for two S periods; (2) late-replicated chromosome segments (LRS) of similar characteristics; (3) discontinuous or 'step wise' exchanges (SWE). A variation in longitudinal dimension has not been observed in any case; all these features have a roughly constant longitudinal dimension of about 0.5 microns. These results suggest that arrangements of the chromatin fibres having a diameter detectable under the light microscope following a longitudinal pattern can be ignored. In addition, our observations seem to support the model of a coiled structure of metaphase chromosomes. On the other hand, the analysis of the morphological pattern shown by the SWE along a chromatid and in sister chromatids has provided us with what could be evidence of a direction of the hypothetical gyres. PMID- 6617764 TI - Imitation of contact inhibition by substrate-bound plasma membrane glycoproteins and lectins in serum-free hormone-supplemented cultures of GH3 cells. AB - N-Acetylneuraminic acid-bearing glycoproteins and lectins isolated from the plasma membrane of GH3 cells are coupled covalently to glass dishes and are used as substrates for cell culture. Under serum-free, hormone-supplemented culture conditions these coupled molecules inhibit the growth rate of GH3 cells. This inhibition is non-toxic and is concentration-and time-dependent. For an inhibition of 50% 2 X 10(6) coupled molecules contacting one cell are needed. The data suggest that specific plasma membrane-located glycoproteins and lectins are involved in the 'density-dependent growth regulation'. PMID- 6617765 TI - Analysis of proportion regulation in slugs of Dictyostelium discoideum using a monoclonal antibody and a FACS-IV. AB - A quantitative assay for estimating the proportion of prespore cells in D. discoideum slugs was established by labelling disaggregated slug cells with a prespore specific monoclonal antibody and analysing the cell population with a FACS-IV. The method is validated using a wild-type strain and its stalky mutant. "Wild-type" strains have different proportions of prespore cells and it is demonstrated that slugs of some strains have an increased percentage of prespore cells when migrated in the dark compared to the light and in the presence of EGTA. The technique is rapid and will make possible genetic analysis of proportion regulation in D. discoideum. PMID- 6617766 TI - Albumin secretion and protein synthesis by cultured diploid and tetraploid rat hepatocytes separated by elutriation. AB - Diploid and tetraploid rat hepatocyte subpopulations were isolated by elutriation and cultured for 24 h. Albumin secretion and protein synthesis rates were two fold lower in 2n than in 4n hepatocytes. [35S]methionine-labelled proteins analysed by acrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a strikingly similar pattern in the two cell subpopulations. No differences in cellular proteins or in the intensity of labelling were observed. These results show (1) that viable diploid and tetraploid hepatocyte subpopulations can be separated by elutriation under sterile conditions and then cultured; and (2) strongly suggest that the same genes are transcribed and further translated at the same rate in both hepatocyte subpopulations. PMID- 6617767 TI - Status of the nuclear matrix in mature and embryonic chick erythrocyte nuclei. AB - The adult chicken erythrocyte nucleus was found to lack an internal nuclear matrix: even milder extraction procedures resulted in the production of empty shells of pore complex-lamina together with loose aggregates of core histone. In contrast, rat liver nuclei showed a typical intranuclear salt-resistant skeleton. These results show that an internal matrix is not an obligatory nuclear component, and is not required for the spatial organization of chromatin. 5-day old embryonic erythrocytes did, however, contain an interchromatinic nuclear matrix, suggesting a correlation between the presence of matrix structures, and nuclear 'activity'. PMID- 6617768 TI - Two distinct types of mitochondrial DNA segregation in mouse-rat hybrid cells. Stochastic segregation and chromosome-dependent segregation. AB - Two distinct patterns of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) segregation were found in different mouse-rat hybrid cell lines. On mouse-rat hybrid cell line, H2, retained complete sets of chromosomes and mtDNAs of both mouse and rat. Even after cultivation for about one year after cloning, the H2 cell population still retained both parental mtDNAs. However, when mtDNAs of H2 subclones were examined, it was found that some individual cells in the H2 cell population contained only mouse or only rat mtDNA, although they still retained complete sets of both kinds of parental chromosomes. This type of mtDNA segregation, named stochastic segregation, is bidirectional and may be caused by the repetition of random sharing of mouse and rat mtDNAs with daughter cells. This segregation occurred spontaneously during long-term cultivation. The second type of mtDNA segregation, named chromosome-dependent segregation, was found in the other mouse rat hybrid cell lines that segregated either mouse or rat chromosomes. In these hybrid cells, chromosomes and mtDNA of the same species co-segregated. This second type of segregation is unidirectional. The types of mtDNA segregation appear to depend on the stability of the parental chromosomes in the hybrid cells. When both mouse and rat chromosomes retain stably, mtDNA shows stochastic segregation. On the contrary, when either species of chromosomes is segregated from the cells, mtDNA shows chromosome-dependent segregation. PMID- 6617769 TI - Biosynthesis of proteoglycans in organ cultures of developing kidney mesenchyme. AB - The biosynthesis of proteoglycans was studied in organ cultures of differentiating metanephric mesenchymes. When triggered by a contact-mediated inductive interaction, this tissue undergoes transition from a mesenchyme to an epithelium. In the present study, proteoglycans were extracted by guanidinium hydrochloride in the presence of protease inhibitors. We found that, as a response to induction, the differentiating mesenchyme begins to synthesize large size proteoglycans with an apparent molecular weight (MW) of 1 X 10(6) D. The major glycosaminoglycans detected were chondroitin sulfates. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans were also detected, constituting 20% of the proteoglycans. An inhibitor of glucosamine synthesis, 6-diazo-5-oxo-norleucine (DON) was found to inhibit glycosaminoglycan synthesis by approx. 60%, and the size of the proteoglycans was also diminished. Our studies suggest that the transition of the mesenchyme to epithelium is associated with initiation of synthesis of large size proteoglycans. PMID- 6617770 TI - C-banding of Peromyscus constitutive heterochromatin persists following histone hyperacetylation. AB - Approx. 35% of the DNA of cultured cells from the cactus mouse, Peromuscus eremicus, is contained in highly condensed constitutive heterochromatin which can be visualized in metaphase chromosomes stained by the C-band technique. Previous studies have shown this constitutive heterochromatin to contain a large proportion of underacetylated, arginine-rich histones, the majority of which can be hyperacetylated when cells are treated with butyrate. In order to determine whether this simulation of the acetylated state of euchromatin alters the cytological properties of constitutive heterochromatin as well, chromosomes from butyrate-treated cells have been examined. Because of the paucity of cells in butyrate-treated cultures, prematurely condensed chromosomes (PCCs) were produced from butyrate-treated cells by fusion with mitotic cells. In these PCCs, both the highly condensed nature and the ability to C-band were preserved in the hyperacetylated constitutive heterochromatin, suggesting that the subset of arginine-rich histones which is refractory to acetylation in the presence of butyrate may be responsible for the maintenance of the heterochromatic state. In addition, PCC analyses indicated that butyrate arrests Peromyscus cells in both the G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle and confirmed the late-replicating pattern of constitutive heterochromatin. PMID- 6617771 TI - Monensin does not prevent recycling of plasma membrane glycoconjugates. AB - Plasma membrane glycoconjugates, internalized during fluid-phase pinocytosis in the macrophage cell line, P388D1, were found to be rapidly recycled to the cell surface, also in the case where the cells had been treated with 25 microM monensin for 80 min which resulted in a reduction of the pinocytotic uptake rate to 30%. The result is discussed in terms of the intracellular pathway of internalized membrane. PMID- 6617772 TI - Alterations in glycosylation of plasma membrane proteins during myogenesis. AB - Highly purified plasma membranes were obtained from cells of the L6 line at three characteristic stages of myogenesis: Actively proliferating cells; post-mitotic, confluent myoblasts which have already aligned; and fused myotubes. Differential glycosylation of the plasma membrane proteins of these cells was detected by staining polyacrylamide gels of the separated components with three lectins of different specificity: Concanavalin A (conA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) Els. Four kinds of developmentally regulated changes could be identified. 1. Those which took place only at confluency (160, 150, 90, 85, 60, 43 and 40 kD for conA binding, 190 kD for WGA binding, 190 and 110 kD for PHA Els binding. 2. Those which took place only at fusion (135, 51.5 and 38 kD for conA, 160 and 150 kD for WGA and 150 kD for PHA Els binding). 3. Those where the phenomena initiated at confluency continue during fusion (66.5 and 32 kD for conA and 120 kD for PHA binding). 4. Those where opposite changes take place at confluency and at fusion (48 kD for conA, 180, 98 and 85 kD for PHA binding). These results suggest that most developmentally regulated changes in glycosylation take place during the first cell-cell contact step of myogenesis. Metabolic labelling experiments showed that, on the contrary, only few alterations in the accumulation of plasma membrane proteins take place prior to the main burst of fusion. PMID- 6617773 TI - Developmental regulation of 16S acetylcholinesterase and acetylcholine receptors in a mouse muscle cell line. AB - We have studied the appearance, distribution and regulation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) in a mouse skeletal muscle cell line (C2), that was originally isolated and described by Yaffe & Saxel [54]. In culture, cells from this line form spontaneously contracting myotubes, with overshooting action potentials that are TTX-sensitive. After fusion of myoblasts into myotubes, there was a dramatic increase in the amount of both AChE and AChR. Three forms of AChE, distinguished by their sedimentation on sucrose gradients, were synthesized: 4-6S, 10S, and 16S. The 4 6S and 10S forms appeared 1 day after the cells began to fuse, whereas the 16S form appeared only 2 days after fusion began. Maximal levels of the 16S AChE form (25-30% of the total) were obtained by reducing the concentration of horse serum in the fusion medium. Prevention of myoblast fusion by reducing the calcium levels in the medium decreased the total AChE by 70%, and only the 4-6S form was synthesized. Blocking spontaneous contractile activity of the myotubes by tetrodotoxin (TTX) led to a 50% reduction in all three esterase forms. Thus, the 16S, or endplate form of AChE is not specifically regulated by electrical or contractile activity in the C2 cell line. After fusion the number of AChRs increased rapidly for 3-4 days and then stabilized. Receptor clusters, ranging from 10-30 micron in length, appeared 1 day after myoblast fusion began. When cells were grown in medium containing reduced Ca2+, the total number of AChRs was decreased by 20-50%. Reduction of Ca2+ after myotubes and AChR clusters had formed resulted in dispersal of AChR clusters. Inhibition of muscle contractions with TTX did not affect the number of AChRs or their distribution. PMID- 6617774 TI - Extent of histone modifications and H1(0) content during cell cycle progression in the presence of butyrate. AB - The effects of butyrate upon the extents of phosphorylation of histones H1 and H1(0) during cell-cycle progression have been investigated. Chinese hamster (line CHO) cells were synchronized in early S phase and released into medium containing 0 or 15 mM butyrate to resume cell-cycle traverse into G1 of the next cell cycle. Cells were also mechanically selected from monolayer cultures grown in the presence of colcemid and 0 or 15 mM butyrate to obtain greater than 98% pure populations of metaphase cells. Although cell cycle progression is altered by butyrate, electrophoretic patterns of histones H1, H1(0), H3, and H4 indicate that butyrate has little, if any, effect on the extents of H1 and H1(0) phosphorylation during the cell cycle or the mitotic-specific phosphorylation of histone H3. Butyrate does, however, inhibit removal of extraordinary levels of histone H4 acetylation (hyperacetylation) during metaphase, and it appears to cause an increase in the content of H1(0) in chromatin during the S or G2 phases of the cell cycle. PMID- 6617775 TI - Selective incorporation of thymidine in the organelle DNA of Polytoma obtusum. AB - Polytoma obtusum was found to selectively incorporate exogenous thymidine into its leukoplast DNA. The nuclear DNA was unable to incorporate [3H]thymidine, although both DNA species could be labeled with radioactive adenine with similar efficiencies. The mitochondrial DNA (mitDNA), which had a buoyant density of 1.714 g/ml and was banded slightly on the heavier side of the nuclear DNA peak, was also found to incorporate a small amount of [3H]thymidine. These observations suggest that P. obtusum lack cytoplasmic thymidine kinase, whereas the enzyme is present in both leukoplast and mitochondria. PMID- 6617776 TI - Quantitative analysis of changes in cell shape of Amoeba proteus during locomotion and upon responses to salt stimuli. AB - A new parameter expressing the complexity of cell shape defined as (periphery)2/(area) in 2D projection was found useful for a quantitative analysis of changes in the cell shape of Amoeba proteus and potentially of any amoeboid cells. During locomotion the complexity and the motive force of the protoplasmic streaming in amoeba varied periodically, and the Fourier analysis of the two showed a similar pattern in the power spectrum, giving a rather broad peak at about 2.5 X 10(-3) Hz. The complexity increased mainly due to elongation of the cell as external Ca2+ increased. This effect was blocked by La3+, half the inhibition being attained at 1/200 amount of the coexisting Ca2+. On the other hand, the complexity decreased due to rounding up of the cell as the concentration of other cations, such as Sr2+, Mg2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Na+, K+ etc., increased. Irrespective of the opposite effects of Ca2+ and other cations on the cell shape, the ATP concentration in amoeba decreased in both cases with increase of all these cations. The irregularity in amoeboid motility is discussed in terms of a dynamic system theory. PMID- 6617777 TI - Role of a surface glycoprotein in the control of protein-mediated attachment of adult hepatocytes. AB - In order to gain insight into the molecular mechanism of adhesion of adult Wistar rat hepatocytes to protein substrates, we identified a Mr 150 000 glycoprotein that is redistributed in the surface membrane and appears to be increased beneath cells when attachment is markedly enhanced in the presence of adsorbed proteins from fetal calf serum (FCS). It is suggested that the attachment change may be due to recruitment of this glycosylated component into cell-substrate contact sites. PMID- 6617778 TI - Volume regulation in rat lenses in media with varying concentrations of potassium and sodium. AB - The concentrations of sodium and potassium, the distribution of 36Cl, the content of water and the 86Rb influx were determined in four sets of rat lenses in 185, 245, 305 and 365 mosmol media. In each set, the potassium content was varied by substituting potassium for sodium in modified TC-199 media. The lenses were incubated in the media for 24 hr in order to approximate steady-state conditions. The results in the low potassium range (less than 21 mM K) are quite different from those in the high potassium range (21-125 mM K). In the high potassium range the lens volume is dependent on the concentration of sodium in the medium and the content of potassium is controlled by the concentration of potassium in the medium. There is no volume regulation in this range and the distribution of potassium approximates levels expected in a Donnan equilibrium. In the low potassium range, the content of electrolyte in the lens is at a higher level than would be expected from an extrapolation of the observations in the high potassium range. The equilibrium constant (EK) for potassium exceeds the estimated membrane potential (PD) so that an active process is probably responsible for the elevation of potassium content in the low potassium range. The Na+-, K+-pump is stimulated by potassium and by sodium in the medium. It is postulated that volume regulation in anisotonic media is the result of the gain or loss of solute as the lens changes from one steady-state to another with the concentration of sodium chloride in the medium acting as a trigger and determining the extent of the effect. PMID- 6617779 TI - Aldehyde metabolism in the human lens. AB - From studies involving 31 cataracts classified by the CCRG system and eight normal human lenses, it has been found that the adult human lens contains an enzyme system capable of oxidizing 1-2 mumol of glyceraldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, formaldehyde, and malonaldialdehyde per hour to their carboxylic acid form. Roughly 30 mumol G-3-P can be oxidized per hour. Statistically, the level of the oxidase system in nuclear cataracts and deeply pigmented lenses was found to be the same as for normal lenses. The deficiency of an enzyme responsible for the oxidation of highly reactive aldehydes thus seems unlikely to be involved in nuclear cataract formation and the browning of the lens. Evidence that the observed oxidase activity occurs via two separate enzymes: aldehyde dehydrogenase and glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase was achieved by studying the response of enzyme to substrate and activators (dithiothreitol and arsenate) and by final separation of enzyme activities. Differences in pH optima and heat treatment response further distinguished one enzyme from the other. PMID- 6617780 TI - Cataract formation in newborn rats from feeding a liquid protein diet during gestation. AB - Liquid protein diets have been widely used in the United States to control weight gain. Pregnant rats were fed a standard casein diet in which liquid protein was substituted for the protein portion; all other necessary nutrients were supplied. The average incidence of cataracts in the offspring from mothers fed liquid protein was 25%. Offspring born with cataracts were successfully raised. The results suggest that nutrition may play an important role in cataract formation in newborns, and that the use of liquid protein during pregnancy may be related to ocular abnormalities in the offspring. PMID- 6617781 TI - Raman spectra of duck, rat, and flounder lenses and the formation of dry and cold cataracts. AB - Raman spectra of duck, rat, and flounder lenses in fresh, dried, and frozen states were obtained for information about the role of water in the lens and to investigate whether changes in protein conformation accompany changes in the state of water. It was found that changes in the spectra caused by drying or freezing are very slight. This result is consistent with the view that significant conformational changes in the proteins do not cause or even accompany the formation of dry and cold cataracts and that these cataracts result from the supermolecular organization of the proteins. PMID- 6617782 TI - Laser selected fluorescence of human cataractous lenses at liquid helium temperatures. AB - Laser excitation of an inhomogeneous distribution of chromophors at temperatures near 0 K is known to result in sharp fluorescence spectra in numerous systems. When this technique was applied to human cataractous lenses at 4 K, broad fluorescence resulted. The wavelengths of maximum fluorescence were different from those previously reported, thus demonstrating the observation of new fluorophors. The broad fluorescence appears to result from internal conversion and energy transfer processes and not from low frequency vibrational motions or strong vibronic coupling. Consequently, other site selection techniques, such as spectral hole burning, may produce sharp spectra with vibronic structure that can be used to identify the molecular species involved. PMID- 6617783 TI - Quantitation of stromal and hemopoietic progenitors in spleen and femoral marrow derived from Steel (Slj/+ and Sl/Sld) mice and their normal littermates. AB - In vitro analyses of stromal fibroblast colony-forming units (CFUF) and hemopoietic progenitors (erythroid burst-forming units, BFUE; granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming units, CFUGM) in hemopoietic organs of 'Steel' (Slj/+ and Sl/Sld) mice and their hematologically normal littermates were performed. CFUF incidence was not significantly different from +/+ controls in hemopoietic organs from either 'Steel' allele. There was, however, a tendency for the CFUF content to be above normal in 'Steel' spleens. BFUE incidence and absolute numbers were found to be significantly reduced in both Sl/Sld and Slj/+ spleens. We confirm previous reports of a reduced femoral BFUE content and reduced splenic and femoral CFUGM content in Sl/Sld mice. The total body content of BFUE and CFUGM was 21 and 50 percent of +/+ littermates, respectively, in Sl/Sld mice and 68 and 64 percent in Slj/+ mice. These results indicate that the microenvironmental defect in Slj/+ and Sl/Sld mice a) involves hemopoietic progenitors committed to both the erythrocytic and granulocyte/macrophage differentiation pathways; b) is greater in spleen than in femoral marrow; and c) cannot be explained by a deficiency in stromal progenitor content of the hemopoietic organs. PMID- 6617784 TI - Production of human erythroid burst promoting activity by monocytes stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. AB - We examined production of erythroid burst promoting activity (BPA) in media conditioned by unstimulated or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated human blood mononuclear cells (MNC) and highly purified (greater than or equal to 96%) monocytes and T lymphocytes. Human erythroid progenitor (BFUE) growth from monocyte depleted MNC was reduced to 8.6% of control growth in cultures of unfractionated MNC. BPA was assayed by determining the ability of 10% conditioned medium to augment BFUE growth from monocyte depleted MNC to greater than the baseline of 8.6% of control. BPA production by unstimulated monocytes was greatest with 1-5 X 10(5) monocytes/ml. Monocytes stimulated by LPS 0.1-100 micrograms/ml produced 50 to 150% more BPA than did unstimulated monocytes. T lymphocytes (10(5) per ml) produced no detectable BPA. LPS alone caused no change or actually inhibited BFUE growth. Thus, monocytes produce BPA, and their activation by LPS enhances greatly their ability to generate BPA. PMID- 6617785 TI - CFUGEMM, CFUGM, CFUMK: analysis by equilibrium density centrifugation. AB - A modification of the technique of Fauser and Messner was used for the culture of human multipotent hematopoietic progenitors. This modified technique shows a linear relationship between mixed granulocytic-erythrocytic colonies and the number of cells plated, even at extremely low cell doses (10(4) cells/dish) and is therefore a more suitable assay system for cell separation studies than the original non-linear method. The buoyant density of CFUGEMM (colony forming unit granulocytic-erythrocytic-megakaryocytic-macrophage) was determined using equilibrium density centrifugation. CFUGEMM were of lower buoyant density than the majority of nucleated marrow cells. Substantially enriched populations of CFUGEMM could be obtained with a single density separation procedure. The density distribution profile for CFUGEMM was also distinct from the density distribution of granulocyte-macrophage colony forming cells (CFUGM), the latter being of somewhat greater buoyant density than the former. Cells which formed clones containing only megakaryocytes in culture (CFUMK) had an intermediate density between that of CFUGEMM and CFUGM. The morphological characteristics of these progenitor cells were studied using correlation analysis. Results suggested that the CFUGEMM correspond to transitional cells without granules, the CFUGM to transitional cells with 1-4 granules and the heterogeneous group of GM-cluster forming cells to a broad category including myeloblasts, promyelocytes, myelocytes and metamyelocytes. PMID- 6617786 TI - The role of serum lipoproteins on the in vitro proliferative potential of human hematopoietic progenitors CFUC and CFUE. AB - The influence of various lipoprotein fractions on the proliferation of normal human hematopoietic progenitors, CFUC and CFUE, was studied in vitro. The lipoprotein fractions, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), high density lipoproteins (HDL2 and HDL3), were isolated by sequential ultracentrifugation. The addition of each subfraction to lipoprotein deficient medium allowed us to distinguish two categories of lipoproteins: firstly, those with density d greater than 1.030, LDL, HDL2 and HDL3 which showed a marked inhibitory activity on CFUC and CFUE proliferation and, secondly, those with density d less than 1.030, VLDL and IDL which did not show any inhibitory activity. The regulatory role of lipoproteins on progenitor cell proliferation is discussed. PMID- 6617787 TI - Hematopoiesis on cellulose ester membranes (CEM): III. Long-term histologic changes between 6 and 12 months after i.p. implantation. AB - Cellulose ester membranes (CEM) of pore size 0.45 mu were enriched on their inner surfaces with spleen or bone marrow or bone or regenerating primitive endosteal tissue folded into a tubular configuration and implanted i.p. Although CEM with enrichment with bone or marrow or spleen supported trilineal hematopoiesis 3 to 6 months after i.p. implantation, CEM at 8 and 9 months were progressively fibrotic and involuted with minimal hematopoietic support capacity. CEM of pore size 3 mu were enriched with bone marrow or bone or regenerating endosteal tissue. These CEM after 9 and 12 months supported excellent trilineal hematopoiesis and were always associated with osteogenesis. Regenerating primitive endosteal tissue is an equally effective source of stroma to regenerate the hematopoietic microenvironment. Unenriched CEM became progressively more fibrotic after 6 months. PMID- 6617788 TI - Differential expression of Qa-m2 alloantigen on murine hemopoietic progenitor cells. Selective enrichment for megakaryocyte progenitors. AB - The selective expression of Qa-m2 antigen on murine megakaryocyte colony-forming cells (MEG-CFC) has been demonstrated. A monoclonal antibody defining the Qa-m2 alloantigen has been shown to inhibit, in the presence of complement, in vitro formation by murine bone marrow cells of megakaryocyte colonies, but not granulocyte-macrophage, erythroid or eosinophil colonies. Inhibition of megakaryocyte colony formation was shown, by mixing and other experiments, to be due to C-mediated lysis of MEG-CFC rather than lysis of accessory cells. B lymphocyte colony formation was reproducibly decreased by approximately 50%, demonstrating the presence of Qa-m2+ and Qa-m2- subsets of B-lymphocyte colony forming cells (BL-CFC). MEG-CFC and granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC) were also found to be Thy-1-, Ly-1-, Ly-6- and Ly-5-. Fractionation of Thy-1-, Ig- marrow by rosetting Qa-m2+ cells and centrifuging them through an Isopaque-Ficoll gradient yielded up to 8-fold enrichment for MEG-CFC and greater than 20-fold separation of MEG-CFC from GM-CFC. The anti-Qa-m2 antibody should be useful for further purification of MEG-CFC, and investigation of hemopoietic differentiation. PMID- 6617789 TI - Experimental immunologically mediated aplastic anemia (AA) in H-2k identical, Mls (M) locus different mice. AB - Immunologically mediated aplastic anemia (AA) was experimentally induced in mice by injecting 10(7) lymph node cells (LNC) from donor mice of one inbred strain to another H-2k identical but Mls mismatched strain previously given 600 rad total body gamma irradiation (TBI). AA developed after 2 weeks to 6 months in selected strain combinations used and usually 60 to 90% of the mice died. Clinical signs of graft-versus-host disease did not occur and splenic atrophy rather than splenomegaly was the rule. Histologically these mice had a lesion of the hematopoietic microenvironment characterized by sinusoidal injury and stromal necrosis. Others have demonstrated injury to hematopoietic stem cells. C3H/He LNC induced AA whereas C3H/HeJ LNC failed to induce AA. The C3H/HeJ strain carries a macrophage defect and these results suggest that a macrophage-like cell may be a mediator of immunological injury in this experimental model. Although all strain combinations evaluated were H-2k identical and Mls mismatched, certain Mls combinations resulted in AA and identical Mls mismatched but different strains did not. Both strong (Mlsd) and weak (Mlsc) stimulating LNC induce AA but simple Mls differences do not explain the AA as similar Mls combinations but different strain combinations fail to induce AA. PMID- 6617790 TI - Lithium stimulates the recovery of granulopoiesis following acute radiation injury. AB - Lithium (Li) is a known stimulator of steady-state granulopoiesis, influencing both pluripotential (CFUS) and granulocyte-macrophage committed stem cell (CFUGM) populations. Li has therefore been suggested to be an effective agent to reduce the neutropenia that often is seen after either cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiotherapy protocols. In this report, we have examined bone marrow and spleen cells for their recovery patterns of CFUS, CFUGM, CFUE, BFUE and 59Fe incorporation, along with the usual peripheral blood indices (packed red cell volume, WBC and differential) from mice administered Li after receiving 200 rad whole body irradiation. Li increased granulopoietic recovery as measured by significant elevations in both marrow and spleen derived CFUGM compared to those values obtained from radiation controls. Significant elevation in the WBC, consisting mainly of neutrophils, was also observed. Bone marrow and splenic derived erythroid stem cells (CFUE, BFUE) and % 59Fe-incorporation measured from peripheral blood, femur and spleen were all slightly reduced, but not to a significant degree to alter the packed red cell volume. The CFUS populations from both irradiated groups (control and Li-treated) were depressed when compared to normal non-irr controls and this degree of suppression was greater in the Li treated group. These results document the ability of Li to stimulate the recovery of granulopoiesis after radiation-induced hematopoietic injury and suggest Li may be useful in ameliorating the neutropenia that can often develop after routine radiotherapy protocols. PMID- 6617791 TI - Temperature dependence of leukemic cell destruction by alkyl-lysophospholipids (NSC 324368). AB - Alkyl-analogs (ALP) of 2-lysophosphatidylcholine induce a progressive destruction of neoplastic cells by interfering with the continuous turnover of membrane phospholipids. Using leukemic blast cells from patients with acute forms of leukemia the effect of temperature was evaluated. It was found that temperature strongly influences the cytotoxic activity of ALP. High temperatures potentiate whereas a slight decrease in temperature reduces leukemic cell destruction by ALP. At temperatures below 30 degrees C even high doses of ALP will not destroy these tumor cells. Furthermore, cell destruction initiated at 37 degrees C can be abolished by lowering the incubation temperature to 25 degrees C. These biological data have been confirmed by biochemical studies, showing a temperature dependence of ALP adsorption not accompanied by a corresponding increase of alkyl cleavage enzyme activity. The rate of membrane phospholipid turnover seems to be essential for temperature dependent ALP induced cell destruction. PMID- 6617792 TI - The effects of short-term occlusion therapy on reversal of the anatomical and physiological effects of monocular deprivation in the lateral geniculate nucleus and visual cortex of kittens. AB - The relative efficacy of distributed versus massed reverse occlusion therapy in promoting recovery from the anatomical and physiological effects of monocular deprivation was studied in two experiments performed on kittens raised with one eye occluded from eye-opening until 5 weeks of age. The first experiment explored the effects of different periods (ranging from 0.5 to 4 h) of reverse occlusion imposed daily for 20 days. The second, involving a fixed period of reverse occlusion (20 h), examined recovery with respect to the distribution of that period over a varied number of brief daily sessions. Recovery was assessed in terms of changes in cortical ocular dominance and lateral geniculate cell morphology. Although recovery of both cortical ocular dominance and geniculate cell morphology showed the same overall progression with increasing periods of reverse occlusion, changes were apparent in the lateral geniculate nucleus before changes were evident in cortical ocular dominance. A given period of reverse occlusion was found to be far more effective in promoting recovery when distributed over a number of different exposure sessions than when massed together in just one or two sessions. The data suggest that there is a maximal rate of cortical recovery which is achieved with surprisingly brief daily periods of forced visual exposure of the initially deprived eye. PMID- 6617793 TI - Effects of early monocular deprivation on visual input to cat nucleus of the optic tract. AB - Single cells were recorded extracellularly in the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT) in monocularly deprived cats. Monocular deprivation had no effect on the direction specificity of these neurons, i.e. all cells in the left nucleus preferred movements from right to left and all units in the right nucleus preferred movements from left to right in the visual field. Neurons driven from the deprived eye failed to respond to stimuli moving at velocities above 10 degrees/s whereas neurons driven from the non-deprived eye responded to velocities up to and above 100 degrees/s as do neurons in normal cats. In 8 out of the 10 cats tested all cells in the two nuclei could be influenced only from the contralateral eye irrespective whether this was the deprived or the non deprived eye. In the other two cats the influence from the non-deprived eye on cells in the ipsilateral NOT was found to be normal. This influence is mediated probably via cortico-fugal projections. In the 8 abnormal cats a clear deprivation effect could be assigned for the first time to the non-deprived eye consisting in a loss of its connections to the ipsilateral NOT. Electrical stimulation of the visual cortex revealed, however, the existence of a connection between the visual cortex and the NOT. A possible explanation for the specific deficit with visual stimulation in the cortico-pretectal synapse ipsilateral to the non-deprived eye is discussed in relation to developmental mechanisms. The conduction velocity of retinal input to the NOT and the output of the NOT to the inferior olive remained uninfluenced by visual deprivation. PMID- 6617794 TI - Cortical mechanisms related to the direction of two-dimensional arm movements: relations in parietal area 5 and comparison with motor cortex. AB - The relations between the direction of two-dimensional arm movements and single cell discharge in area 5 were investigated during 49 penetrations into the superior parietal lobule of 3 monkeys. A significant variation of cell discharge with the direction of movement was observed in 182 of 212 cells that were related to arm movements. In 151/182 of these cells the frequency of discharge was highest during movements in a preferred direction, and decreased in an orderly fashion with movements made in directions farther and farther away from the preferred one; in 112/151 cells this variation in discharge was a sinusoidal function of the direction of movement. Preferred directions differed for different cells so that directional tuning curves overlapped partially. These results are similar to those described for cells in the motor cortex (Georgopoulos et al. 1982): this suggests that directional information may be processed in a similar way in these structures. Many cells in area 5 changed activity before the onset of movement, and several did so before the earliest electromyographic changes (63% and 35%, respectively, of the cells that showed an increase in activity with movements in the preferred direction). However, the distribution of onset times of the parietal cells lagged the corresponding one of the motor cortical cells by about 60 ms. This suggests that the early changes observed in the parietal cortex might represent a corollary discharge from the precentral motor fields, whereas later activity might reflect peripheral as well as central events. PMID- 6617795 TI - Inspiratory on-switch evoked by stimulation of mesencephalic structures: a patterned response. AB - The effects of brief tetanic electrical stimulation (50 to 100 ms) of the mesencephalic central gray matter and reticular formation on the inspiratory "on switch" mechanism were studied during expiration (E phase) in cats anaesthetized with urethan-chloralose. Stimulation during the E phase evoked powerful effects on the phrenic nerve discharge comprising (1) a primary response (Prim. R.) during the train; (2) a patterned response (Patt. R.) resembling that of the normal inspiratory (I) phase and lasting 170 to 1,000 ms. The patterned response corresponded to activation of the inspiratory on-switch (E-I switching) and appeared either immediately after the Prim. R. or within a latent period of 100 ms. The primary response was always obtained during the E phase whatever the stimulation intensity (0.1-1.0 mA). The patterned response was a function (a) of the stimulus time: the later the stimulus in the E phase, the longer the duration of the response; (b) of the stimulus intensity: with 1.0 mA current strength the response was obtained throughout the E phase; with weaker stimuli (0.4 to 0.5 mA) the response was always evoked by trains delivered early (0-300 ms) or late (1,000-1,800 ms) in the E phase; while it occurred irregularly to stimulation in the middle (300-1,000 ms) of the E phase. These results indicate that: (a) the system which promotes inspiration is progressively rather than abruptly depressed at the beginning of expiration, followed by a progressive inspiratory-promoting facilitation at the end of expiration; (b) the patterned response, mostly independent of the stimulus parameter, is not stereotyped and displays considerable plasticity. PMID- 6617796 TI - GABA in the thalamic motor nuclei modulates dopamine release from the two dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathways in the cat. AB - Halothane anesthetized cats were implanted with five push-pull cannulae and the release of (3H)dopamine (3H-DA), newly synthetized from (3H)tyrosine, was measured in both caudate nuclei (CN) and substantiae nigrae (SN). GABA was applied by means of one of the cannula in the ventralis medialis (VM) and the adjacent part of the ventralis lateralis (VL) nuclei of the thalamus. Autoradiographic studies performed with (14C)-GABA showed that the diffusion of the amino-acid in our experimental conditions was restricted to a 4.2 mm3 sphere at the tip of the push-pull cannula. Multi-unit activity was recorded both at the site of GABA injection and in the contralateral VM or VL nucleus. During and after a 30-min application of GABA (10(-5) M) in the VM-VL nuclei, neuronal firing was markedly enhanced locally and decreased in the homologous structures, while (3H)DA release increased in both CN and the contralateral SN. No effect was observed in the ipsilateral SN. These results show that thalamic motor nuclei could play a role in the regulation of the activity of the two dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathways and will be discussed in the light of previous data indicating a role of the thalamus in the bilateral regulation of dopaminergic transmission in the basal ganglia. PMID- 6617797 TI - C-primary afferent fibre mediated inhibitions in the dorsal horn of the decerebrate-spinal rat. PMID- 6617799 TI - Premovement silent period in fast movement initiation. AB - Premovement inhibitory processes were studied in human subjects performing ballistic elbow movements in a self-paced or reaction time situation. The experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that there is an interdependence between a preparatory disfacilitatory process at the motoneurone level and an impending phasic motoneurone activation. The results indicate that in ballistic movements there is a positive relation between extent of premovement depression of tonic activity and subsequent phasic innervation. The results suggest that in high speed movements where a maximal number of motor units have to be recruited, those motoneurones which are already tonically active have to be released from tonic activity for optimal synchrony. PMID- 6617798 TI - Cortical penicillin focus as a generator of repetitive spike-triggered waves of spreading depression in rats. AB - Epileptic foci were established by application of Na-penicillin on the exposed parietal cortex of rats (n = 66) anesthetized with pentobarbital. Spikes appearing after a brief (greater than 30s) spontaneous interruption of the interictal discharge were sometimes followed by a spike-triggered spreading depression (STSD) wave, which blocked the activity of the focus for several min. The first recovering spike induced another STSD and repetitive STSD generation continued for up to 20 cycles, with a median cycle duration of 6 min. STSDs appeared more regularly after postictal depression induced by electrical stimulation of the focus or of the symmetrical brain area, and could also be elicited by SD waves evoked by microinjection of 5% KCl into extrafocal cortical regions. An ongoing STSD cycle was interrupted when another penicillin focus in the contralateral hemisphere started to trigger the focal discharge during relative SD refractoriness. STSD waves were observed in 42% of the animals. Attempts to elicit STSD were successful in 70% when the interictal discharge rate was low (less than 10/min) but mostly failed with higher discharge rates (greater than 30/min). It is suggested that STSD is generated when an isolated epileptic spike appears at the level of decreased potassium clearance and that repetitive STSDs are produced by synaptically and metabolically mediated interaction between focal discharge and spreading depression. PMID- 6617800 TI - Ornithodorus tartakovskyi: quantitation and ultrastructure of cutaneous basophil responses in the guinea pig. AB - Cutaneous lesions elicited in guinea pigs by primary and secondary feeding populations of the argasid tick, Ornithodorus tartakovskyi, were analyzed by light and electron microscopy. Small clusters of basophils appeared at primary bite sites within 24 hr of tick attachment, and by 72 hr constituted approximately 11% of the total leukocytes. Secondary feeding sites exhibited an augmented cellular infiltrate that was dominated by basophils at all times (48 56% of total cells). Eosinophil proliferation was minimal, however, and the remaining cells were of the mononuclear type. Despite mounting a strong cutaneous basophil response of the kind that mediates immune rejection of prolonged-feeding ixodid ticks, the guinea pigs showed no resistance to the fast-feeding Argasidae. It is suggested that argasid ticks probably complete their blood meal prior to basophil arrival at the bite site. Electron microscopy indicated that the number of epidermal Langerhans cells increased with time in both primary and secondary lesions; these cells were more numerous in challenge infections however, and seemed also to occur in the dermis. Basophils at secondary bite sites exhibited three kinds of structural alterations classified as: (1) piecemeal alterations- involving a vesicular degranulation mechanism; (2) an anaphylactic-type of alteration--involving single or compound exocytosis of whole granules; and (3) cytotoxic alterations culminating in complete disintegration. The majority of basophils in 72 hr secondary lesions exhibited cytotoxic alterations. It is suggested that such changes result from contact with tick-derived toxins or enzymes. PMID- 6617801 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: inhibition in vitro of granulocyte cytotoxicity against schistosomula by autologous mononuclear cells from patients. AB - Granulocytes and mononuclear cells from normal subjects are able to kill Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula in the presence of human complement in vitro. In contrast, mononuclear cells from chronic schistosomiasis patients failed to kill the parasites. The relative efficiencies expressed in terms of the mean percentage killing of schistosomula for 15 experiments were 50.5 +/- 3.2 and 49.7 +/- 3.5 for granulocytes from normal and infected patients, and 50.8 +/- 2.8 against 23.0 +/- 3.2 for mononuclear cells from normal and infected patients, respectively. The killing effect of granulocytes dropped from 48.7 +/- 2.8 to 22.1 +/- 2.2 when autologous mononuclear cells from chronically infected patients were added to the system. Similar inhibitory effect of granulocyte function was obtained when these cells were incubated with normal mononuclear cells precultured with concanavalin A. Extracts prepared from mononuclear cells obtained from infected patients had the same inhibitory effect of intact cells on the complement-dependent granulocyte cytotoxicity. PMID- 6617802 TI - Eimeria tenella: cecal contraction in infected chickens. AB - The muscle of ceca from chickens infected with Eimeria tenella had an increased amplitude of contraction when compared to the cecal muscle of uninfected control chickens. The increased amplitude was significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) at 5 days postinoculation (PI) and became nonsignificant at 7 days PI. The amplitude also increased with the severity of the infection. The sensitivity of the muscle from infected ceca to acetylcholine (ACH) was greater than the control. Infection by different strains of E. tenella also increased the sensitivity of the cecal muscle to ACH when compared to the uninfected control. The rate of spontaneous contractions was not different in any group or treatment. The wet weight of infected ceca increased with days PI and severity of infection. PMID- 6617804 TI - Leishmania donovani: oral efficacy and toxicity of formycin B in the infected hamster. AB - Formycin B, a structural analog of inosine, was evaluated as an orally administrable antileishmanial agent. Against Leishmania donovani in hamsters, it achieved an 85-92% reduction in numbers of parasites in livers of infected animals after oral administration at 13 mg/kg/day for 4 days. Its efficacy by oral administration was approximately four to eight times that by intramuscular administration and four times that of the positive control drug Glucantime by intramuscular administration. The levels of formycin B in serum after the final oral administration of 26 mg/kg/day were 1.4 micrograms/ml at 1 hr and 0.3 microgram/ml at 2 hr. The concentration in liver was greater (9.0 micrograms/ml at 1 hr) and declined more slowly. With this latter dosage or with 104 mg/kg/day there was no acute toxicity of formycin B to bone marrow or formed elements of the blood. The only statistically significant toxicity to the liver was a doubling of serum total bilirubin levels. Comparison of the in vivo efficacy of formycin B against L. donovani to the mild acute toxicity of the drug suggests that formycin B has potential as an oral agent against visceral leishmaniasis. PMID- 6617803 TI - Leishmania mexicana amazonensis: surface charge of amastigote and promastigote forms. AB - The surface charge of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis was evaluated by means of the binding of colloidal iron hydroxyde particles at pH 1.8 and cationized ferritin particles at pH 7.2 to the cell surface, visualizated by electron microscopy and by direct measurements of the electrophoretic mobility of cells suspended in solutions of different pH. The following forms of the parasite were analysed: amastigotes (surrounded or not by the membrane of the endocytic vacuole, isolated from lesions), transitional forms, and infective (5 passages) and noninfective (176 passages) promastigotes. The results obtained indicate that the surface of L. m. amazonensis contains both negatively and positively charged dissociating groups and that changes occur in the surface charge during amastigote-promastigote transformation. Treatment of the parasite with neuraminidase significantly reduced the electrophoretic mobility of the cells. Neuraminidase-treated cells recovered their normal electrophoretic mobility when incubated for 8 hr in fresh culture medium by a process that is inhibited by puromycin. PMID- 6617805 TI - Babesia bovis: proteins of virulent and avirulent parasites passaged through ticks and splenectomized or intact calves. AB - Passage of the avirulent vaccine (K) strain of Babesia bovis (KA) through either Boophilus microplus ticks, intact calves, or intact calves and then ticks, resulted in two distinct protein and protein antigen profiles as analyzed by two dimensional gel electrophoresis of biosynthetically labeled proteins and immunoprecipitates. Different degrees of expression of two major acidic antigens of KA designated Ka1 (Mr 47,500) and Ka2 (Mr 43,000) were observed. Ka1 was apparently lost following passage of KA B. bovis through intact calves but was strongly represented in the parasite population following a single tick passage. In contrast, passage through ticks of the virulent KV B. bovis (from which KA was derived by passage in splenectomized calves) did not lead to strong representation of the Ka1 protein although there was increased representation of another major acidic protein antigen, designated KV (Mr 35,000). These data suggest that the previously recognized reversion to a strain-dependent basal antigenic type in the tick vector depends also on intrastrain characteristics such as virulence and strain heterogeneity. The data suggest that KA is a more heterogeneous population than KV although cloned isolates are required to establish this point. Comparable syringe passage of another strain of B. bovis, designated C strain, through splenectomized calves resulted in less marked differences between the putative CA and CV B. bovis. This may explain the less stable avirulence of CA compared to KA B. bovis. Various selection pressures must act, in either the tick or the vertebrate host, on subpopulations in heterogeneous isolates to produce the changes described in protein antigen profiles of B. bovis. The possible relevance of changes in representation of proteins to biological characteristics of B. bovis (such as virulence and tick transmissibility) is discussed. PMID- 6617806 TI - Fasciola hepatica: migration of newly excysted juveniles in resistant rats. AB - Using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, the early migration of juvenile Fasciola hepatica was examined in naive and resistant rats. In naive rats, the migration of flukes to the peritoneal cavity was uneventful. In resistant rats, flukes were rapidly coated with antibody whilst still in the gut lumen and a proportion of the flukes were unable to penetrate the intestinal wall. Those that did penetrate were unharmed as they crossed the gut wall, but on entering the peritoneal cavity they were coated with antibody and host cells including eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, and mast cells. Eosinophils were seen degranulating onto the fluke surface, and this appeared to result in the erosion of the tegumental syncytium. PMID- 6617807 TI - Mammalian skeletal muscle: long-lasting contractures and potentiated tetani produced by conditioning with weak acid anions. AB - Reversible contractures can be induced in slow mammalian muscles by manipulations that probably generate a long-lasting alkalinization of the muscle cell interior. Such contractures reach about 1/4 of the tetanic force, P0, and last 10 times longer than potassium contractures. While in contracture, the muscle fibers have high resting potentials so that they can be electrically stimulated. Tetanic force is then increased and added to that of the contracture so that total force may reach 2 P0. This level of potentiation has not been reached by any previously known method. PMID- 6617809 TI - Little-excitable transitional cells in the rabbit sinoatrial node: a statistical, morphological and electrophysiological study. AB - It is demonstrated that systolic and diastolic depolarization rate are correlated with the percentage of myofilaments in the cells of the rabbit sinoatrial node. It appears that, in the rabbit sinoatrial node, little-excitable transitional cells exist in the zone of propagation at the septal side of the typical nodal cells. PMID- 6617808 TI - Fat-supplemented diet protects against activity-stress ulcers in rats. AB - Rats were exposed to a fat-supplemented (32.5% beef tallow) diet from weaning until they were 200 g in weight. Half the animals were exposed to the activity stress paradigm consisting of housing in standard activity-wheel cages while restricting their food intake to 1 h each day. Control rats were treated in the same fashion but on a fat-free (0.08%) diet. Fat-supplemented activity-stressed rats exhibited high levels of running wheel activity but less mortality and less gastric pathology than fat-free controls which were exposed to the activity stress procedure. Ulcers were not observed in home cage housed rats in either diet condition. PMID- 6617810 TI - Accumulation of cholesteryl esters associated with cerebellar hypoplasia in jaundiced Gunn rats. AB - A marked accumulation of cholesteryl esters in the cerebellum of 20-day-old jaundiced homozygous Gunn rats was shown by quantitative TLC analyses and it was larger than that found in heterozygotes. PMID- 6617811 TI - Development of new hypoxic cell sensitizers: amides of nitrobenzoic acid with spermidine and spermine. AB - New type hypoxic cell sensitizers, N1,N10-bis(4-nitrobenzoyl)spermidine (1) and N1,N14-bis(4-nitrobenzoyl)-spermine (2), have been developed. These compounds were shown to be more effective radiosensitizers to hypoxic cells than misonidazole (3). PMID- 6617812 TI - The intrapulmonary neuroepithelial bodies after vagotomy: demonstration of their sensory neuroreceptor-like innervation. AB - In the neonatal rabbit, infranodosal vagotomy destroys most of the intracorpuscular nerve endings of the pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies (NEB), while supranodosal vagotomy leaves these nerve endings intact. We conclude that NEB are mainly innervated by sensory neurons whose cell bodies lie in the nodose ganglion of the vagus nerve. These findings support the hypothesis that although secretory in nature, NEB are neuroreceptor structures. PMID- 6617813 TI - Cell kinetic studies in the epidermis of the mouse. I. Changes in labeling index with time after tritiated thymidine administration. AB - The changes in the labeling index (LI) with time after a single injection of tritiated thymidine (3HTdR) at each of 4 different times of the day have been studied. Slight differences occur in the shape of these LI curves, (e.g. in the timing of the peaks) depending on the time of day when the initial injection was given. Thus, the time of day influences not only the number of cells in DNA synthesis but also determines the subsequent behavior of the labeled cells. The curves show 3 distinct peaks from which estimates of the cell cycle time can be made. The technique permits the cell cycle time to be estimated. From the data as a whole a minimum cell cycle time of 90 h for basal cells in the epidermis on the back of a mouse is obtained. The technique also provides estimates for the duration of S + G2 + M which varies depending on the time of day that the label is given. The LI curves can best be understood if the basal layer is assumed to contain 2 cell populations with differing cell cycle times; one having a long cell cycle (about 180 h) but short S-phase and containing the stem cells, the other having a short cell cycle (about 90 h) and a long S-phase duration and consisting of transit cells. PMID- 6617814 TI - Incorporation of 5-bromodeoxyuridine in the total and ribosomal DNA of synchronously dividing chick embryo fibroblasts. AB - The pattern of 5-bromodeoxyuridine incorporation into ribosomal DNA is quantitatively different from that for total DNA. It is concluded that 5 bromodeoxyuridine incorporation along the DNA chain is not a random process. PMID- 6617816 TI - Influence of beta-aminoproprionitrile (BAPN) on cell growth and elastic fiber formation in cultures of auricular chondrocytes. AB - Auricular chondrocytes isolated from 4-day-old rabbits and grown in vitro for 14 days, proliferated rapidly and produced a conspicuous network of elastic fibers. Beta-aminoproprionitrile (BAPN), which in vivo inhibits cross-linking of elastin, decreased the formation of elastic fibers at a concentration of 10-20 micrograms/ml and prevented formation at 40 micrograms/ml. At a concentration of 5 micrograms/ml only the so-called patches of elastin appeared to be absent. The inhibitory effect of BAPN on cell growth did not exceed 10%, which indicates that BAPN is only slightly harmful to auricular chondrocytes and can safely be used in studies on elastin deposition by these cells in vitro. PMID- 6617815 TI - Phagocytosis in diabetic subjects: increase in hydrophobicity of granulocyte cytoplasmic membrane. AB - Granulocytes from diabetic subjects have impaired ability to engulf bacteria; the data obtained suggest that the alterations are correlated with an increase in surface hydrophobicity, as measured by contact angle. PMID- 6617817 TI - Role of glucocorticoids on the maturation of brush border enzymes in fetal rat gut endoderm. AB - Heterospecific recombinants between fatal rat intestinal endoderm and chick mesenchyme, and also undissociated fetal rat intestine, were submitted to different hormonal environments. The present study shows that exogenously supplied dexamethasone in organ culture, like endogenous hormones provided by the adult rat (grafting experiments) led to similar qualitative and quantitative results, i.e., a 9-fold stimulation of maltase and a precocious induction of sucrase activity in comparison with an hormonal conditions. PMID- 6617819 TI - Effects of neurochemical lesions restricted to spinal cord monoaminergic neurons on blood pressure and sympathetic activity of spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Intraspinal (i.s.) injection of 6-hydroxydopamine or 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine in newborn spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) resulted, in the adult animal (30 week-old), in a marked decrease of spinal cord noradrenaline (NA) or 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels, respectively. Since both neurotoxin- and vehicle injected rats developed full hypertension and had similar plasma catecholamine concentrations, it is concluded that in SHR neither spinal cord NA nor 5-HT play a major role in development and maintenance of hypertension. PMID- 6617818 TI - Bombesin-like immunoreactivity in the pituitary gland. AB - Bombesin has been shown to stimulate release of anterior pituitary hormones both in vivo and in vitro. The aim of this study was to determine whether bombesin like immunoreactivity could be detected in the human pituitary. Significant concentrations were found in the human anterior gland (4.6 +/- 1.5 pmoles/g), posterior gland (1.5 +/- 0.4 pmoles/g) and stalk (8.1 +/- 0.8 pmoles/g). Significant amounts were also observed in the guinea-pig pituitary. Gel permeation chromatography revealed the presence of 2 major molecular forms of bombesin-like immunoreactivity, one co-eluting with porcine gastrin-releasing peptide and the other with amphibian bombesin. PMID- 6617820 TI - A simple method of obtaining multiple blood samples from the portal vein and the hepatic vein in the rat in vivo. AB - A very simple and rapid technique for inserting a catheter in the portal vein and the hepatic vein in the anesthesized rat in vivo is described. The pointed, saline-containing PE tubing is frozen in liquid nitrogen, whereupon it is used as a 'needle' to insert the catheter into the blood vessel. Multiple blood samples can be obtained from the portal and the hepatic vein at the same time, so that in situ extraction of drugs by the liver can be measured in vivo, since hepatic blood flow is uninterrupted. PMID- 6617821 TI - A radioisotopic method for the determination of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine in tissues in the 10(-7) M range. AB - S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine is able to bind to brain membranes. We used this characteristic to measure the level of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine in rat brain tissue. The method is rapid, at the same time very sensitive (down to 10(-7) M) and specific. PMID- 6617822 TI - Disintegration of lung peroxisomes during differentiation of type II cells to type I cells in butylated hydroxytoluene-administered mice. AB - Ultrastructural and cytochemical changes in peroxisomes of Type II alveolar cells were investigated in butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)-administered mouse lungs. Male mice were given a single injection of BHT (400 mg/kg, ip) and sacrificed 1 to 7 days later. By means of tracheal infusion, lungs were fixed with a 2% glutaraldehyde or half-strength Karnovsky solution. Type I epithelium was selectively destroyed by BHT and was replaced by cuboidal Type II cells. Type II cells proliferated and some became squamous, extended their cytoplasm, and might differentiate into Type I cells (Hirai, Witschi, and Cote (1977) Exp. Mol. Pathol. 27, 295-308). Peroxisomes, Type II cell constituents, were clustered around and continuous with endoplasmic reticulum. The shape of the peroxisomes became indistinct after Type I cell injury by BHT. Also the density of the matrix was reduced in proportion to the reduction in the peroxidatic activity of catalase. These changes were accompanied by a decrease in the number of peroxisomes. New pinocytotic vesicles, one of the Type I cell characteristics, were generated at the apical and basal cell surfaces. Therefore, these cells had characteristics intermediate between Type I and Type II cells. These findings may indicate further evidence of the origin of Type I cells from Type II cells. PMID- 6617823 TI - Induction of megamitochondria in the mouse and rat livers by hydrazine. AB - The correlation between structures of chemicals and their inducibility for megamitochondrial formation was investigated. Since the chemical structure universal to the inducers of megamitochondria previously reported (cuprizone and isonicotinic acid derivatives) is the carbazoyl group (-CONHNH2), semicarbazide (NH2NHCONH2) was tested first. Then, hydrazine (NH2NH2) was tested, replacing the carbazoyl group of semicarbazide by an amino group (-NH2). The present study demonstrates that (1) megamitochondria were induced in mouse and rat hepatocytes by feeding the animals with a diet containing semicarbazide or hydrazine, suggesting that the carbazoyl group was not essential for megamitochondrial formation; (2) hydrazine-induced megamitochondrial formation was a reversible process. Coupling efficiencies and activities of ATPase and cytochrome oxidase of megamitochondria induced by hydrazine were slightly decreased, while the activity of monoamine oxidase was moderately decreased. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy revealed particle-free regions in the outer membranes of megamitochondria fixed with glutaraldehyde at 22 degrees C; the regions disappeared at 25 degrees C, indicating that the temperature of the liquid crystalline to gel state lipid phase transition in the megamitochondrial outer membrane was elevated. It is speculated that chemical structure of inducer of megamitochondria could be simplified to NH2-G (G, substituting group). PMID- 6617824 TI - Healing of skin incision wounds treated with topically applied BAPN free base in the rat. AB - beta-Aminopropionitrile as free base (BAPN) was applied onto the incised or intact skin of rats at the dose of 5, 20, 100, and 200 microliters for 9 days, twice daily. Breaking strength of the skin wound or intact skin was significantly reduced at doses of 20 microliters and higher; body weight growth was significantly retarded at the two highest dosages. It is concluded that at a given dose (20 microliters) collagen polymerization (evaluated by reduced breaking strength and increased extractability of collagen) was specifically inhibited by BAPN. Furthermore, no evidence of topical or general toxic effects were observed, as reflected in histology, body weight growth, and behavior of the rats. Acute LD50 of BAPN base and fumarate, administered either ip or topically, was determined in mice. While BAPN base in ip administration shows LD50 of 1.15 g/kg, in cutaneous application it is more than 12.8 g/kg. It is suggested that topically applied BAPN base is percutaneously absorbed and affects collagen polymerization in the skin and adjacent tissues. PMID- 6617825 TI - Ultrastructural effects of acetaminophen in isolated mouse hepatocytes. AB - The ultrastructure of isolated mouse hepatocytes shows good correlation with that of cells from intact liver. Incubation of isolated mouse hepatocytes with 1.0 mM acetaminophen causes a variety of cytoplasmic and cell surface lesions, as well as cell death. The changes are similar or equivalent to those caused by acetaminophen in vivo. The most prominent feature of damage in isolated hepatocytes is bleb formation, which is also seen occasionally in control incubations. The protective compound alpha-mercaptopropionylglycine and the antidote N-acetylcysteine both prevented the acetaminophen-induced changes. It is suggested that the in vivo counterpart to the blebs are endocytic vacuoles which form at cell margins due to the intravascular pressure of the sinusoids. It is suggested that the cell surface changes both in vivo and in isolated hepatocytes are caused by some dysfunction to the microfilament component of the cytoskeleton. PMID- 6617827 TI - Toxicokinetics, covalent binding and histopathological features of [14C]2-chloro 4-acetotoluidide toxicity in the starling after intravenous administration. AB - The toxicokinetics and subcellular covalent binding of the avicide 2-chloro-4 acetotoluidide (CAT) were examined in the starling. Intravenous administration of 4.5 mg/kg ring-labeled [14C]-CAT produced biphasic decay curves of the radioactivity in plasma and other tissues. The alpha phase of the decay curves ranged from 17 min to 1 hr while the beta phase of the decay curves varied widely from 4 hr up to 23 hr. Significant amounts of tissue covalent binding were found only in the plasma, liver, and kidney. The amount of covalently bound material found in plasma and liver varied from 30 to 55 pmole/mg protein and from 800 to 1100 pmole/mg protein in the kidney. A subcellular distribution study indicated that there is a high affinity for covalently bound radioactivity in the light mitochondrial and microsomal fractions of the liver and kidney. The kidneys of treated birds, 18 hr postinjection, had areas of necrosis, swelling of the proximal tubule epithelium, and dilation of the distal tubules. No lesions were found in the livers of these birds. PMID- 6617826 TI - Intimal changes associated with arterial spasm induced by periarterial application of calcium chloride. AB - Arterial spasm was induced by application of calcium chloride to the adventitial surface of the rabbit common carotid artery in vivo. Sodium chloride (NaCl) was applied to the contralateral vessel as control. Vessels were fixed in situ by intravascular perfusion after 15 min, 1 hr, or 24 hr and prepared for light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). With SEM, the luminal surface at the site of calcium application showed severe longitudinal folding accompanied by endothelial desquamation with extensive platelet deposition on exposed subendothelium. The luminal cross-sectional area was reduced by 53 +/- 19.5% after 15 min and by 44 +/- 12% after 1 hr as compared with the contralateral control. Furthermore, the luminal area at the site of calcium application was found to be reduced by 42 +/- 8% after 1 hr when compared with segments of the same vessel distal to the site of calcium application. Blood flow rate, as measured by electromagnetic flow probe, was not reduced. Vessels examined after 24 hr showed a significant increase in luminal cross-sectional area as compared with contralateral control vessels (136 +/- 70%). Control vessels (NaCl) showed no significant change in luminal cross-sectional area and no endothelial desquamation or platelet deposition after 15 min, 1 hr, or 24 hr. Examination of histologic sections showed calcium precipitation within the attached thrombus after 15 min with calcium deposits also adherent to the adjacent luminal aspect of the internal elastic lamina (IEL). By 24 hr, this precipitation extended throughout the media. Marked deposition of leukocytes was seen after 24 hr which showed a preferential attachment for areas of endothelial damage and discontinuity of IEL. PMID- 6617828 TI - High pressure liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of isonixine in plasma. PMID- 6617829 TI - [Release of drugs from inert matrices. Influence of the apparent distribution coefficient of the drug between the matrix and the dissolution fluid]. PMID- 6617830 TI - Steroidal and other components of Pygeum africanum bark. PMID- 6617831 TI - [Colorimetric analysis of mercaptopropionylglycine in pharmaceutic formulations]. PMID- 6617832 TI - [Toxicological characteristics of the antitussive preparation glaucine]. AB - A toxicological study was made of the antitussive drug glaucinee hydrochloride, an alkaloid of the isoquinoline series (4,5,7,8-tetramethoxyaporphine hydrochloride) isolated from Glaucinum flavum Crantz. of the Papaveraceae family. Upon a single intraperitoneal injection to different laboratory animals the LD50 was found to be equal to 150--180 mg/kg whereas upon intragastric administration, to 510--620 mg/kg. Under the conditions of chronic experiments (intragastric administration to rats in doses of 5, 25 adn 75 mg/kg daily for 3 months) glaucin hydrochloride did not affect the general status of the animals, hematological characteristics, functions of the liver, cardiovascular and excretory systems, and the morphological indicators of the internal organs as shown by electron microscopy. The drug does not possess any allergizing, mutagenic, embryotoxic or teratogenic properties. The data obtained attest to the possibilities of a wide clinical application of glaucin hydrochloride as an antitussive drug. PMID- 6617833 TI - [Effect of acetylcholine, cholinomimetics, cholinolytics and dipiroxim on the chemiluminescence of a model system of peroxidation]. AB - Use was made of a model system initiating lipid peroxidation, that contained phosphate buffer, H2O2 and eosine. Chemiluminescence of the system decreased after addition to rat brain synaptosomes, thereby indicating the presence of antioxidants in the animals' brain. After addition of brain synaptosomes of rats poisoned with high lethal doses of armine (0.4--0.5 mg/kg) a prooxidant effect was observed. It was manifested in the elimination of the effect of natural antioxidants contained by synaptosomes of normal rats. Addition of acetylcholine, armine, DFP and oxazyl at concentrations of 1.10(-4) 1.10(-3) M to the model system containing rat brain synaptosomes entailed a considerable intensification of chemiluminescence. Atropine and scopolamine did not produce any substantial effect on chemiluminescence, whereas dipiroxim exerted an overt antioxidant effect. The conclusion is made about the possibility of activating the system of lipid peroxidation as one of the components of the toxic action of anticholinesterase agents. PMID- 6617834 TI - [Mechanism of action of reserpine on the blood circulation and oxygen regimen of the brain]. AB - Resistography was used in experiments on anesthetized cats to show that reserpine produced biphasic (dilatation and constrictor) reactions on the part of the cerebral, extracranial and peripheral vessels. The dilatation reaction occurred immediately after the drug administration, it was intermittent and preserved after the blockade of the adreno- and cholinoreceptors. During electric stimulation of the cervical sympathetic ganglia, reserpine insignificantly reduced constrictor reactions of the vessels and inhibited depressor reactions. After intravenous injection of rausedyl the cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption by the brain tissue decreased. PMID- 6617835 TI - [Pharmacological study of quaternary trimecaine derivatives]. AB - It has been demonstrated in experiments on cats, rabbits, white rats and mice that the quaternary derivatives of trimecaine (QDT) produce a protective and antiarrhythmic action in atrial (acetylcholine and aconitine) and ventricular (aconitine and calcium chloride) fibrillation. The relationship has been found between the characteristics of the radical at the quaternary nitrogen atom and the antiarrhythmic activity of the QDT. The effect of the QDT on the electrophysiological parameters of the myocardium not on the hemodynamics have been examined. It has been shown that the QDT might be suggested for use as new antiarrhythmic agents. PMID- 6617836 TI - [Effect of novodrin on fatty acid oxidation by the myocardial mitochondria of white rats]. AB - It has been shown in experiments on white rats that a single intraperitoneal injection of novodrine (1 mg/kg) stimulates respiration in myocardial mitochondria in a state of V0. Caprylate and palmitoyl carnitine were used as substrate. The drug reduces the rate of respiration in an active state so that the magnitude of respiratory control decreases. The VDNP rate increases during respiratory dissociation and phosphorylation. The novodrine-induced alterations in the functioning of electron transfer in myocardial mitochondria leads to the reduction of the synthesis of macroergic bonds in the form of ATP. PMID- 6617838 TI - [Action of chloditane on the phospholipid composition of the adrenals in dogs]. AB - The effect of chloditane/mitotan; 1-(o-chlorophenyl)-1-(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2 dichloroethane; o,p'-DDD/ on phospholipid composition of dog adrenal glands was examined. Feeding of mongrel dogs with the adrenocorticolytic drug chloditane increased the content of phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol and sphingomyelin. Chloditane lowered the content of diphosphatidylglycerin and lisophosphatidylethanolamine in dog adrenal cortex. The drug did not produce any effect on the content of major phosphatides--phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine or on the fatty acid content of phosphatidylcholine. PMID- 6617837 TI - [Antiheparin and toxic properties of quaternary ammonium salts of the monodispersed oligomers of conidine]. AB - A distinct relationship has been demonstrated of antiheparin and toxic properties of quaternary ammonium salts of monodispersed oligomers of conidine to their molecular weight and, therefore, to the length of the macromolecular chain. Conidine monomer having the highest acute toxicity does not interact with heparin. As the number of functional links is increased up to 25, antiheparin activity of the compounds under study ascends, whereas toxic effects become less powerful. An oligomer with 25 functional links has appeared to be the best combination of the characteristics under consideration. Further increase of the chain length and, therefore, of the molecular weight is followed by a slight lowering of anticoagulant activity and increase of acute toxicity. PMID- 6617839 TI - [Reciprocal effect of cyclophosphane on the liver cytochrome P-450 and immunity system]. AB - It has been demonstrated in experiments on mice that administration of cyclophosphamide in a dose of 50 mg/kg for 3 days provokes marked induction of liver cytochrome P-450. However, 5 days after completing cyclophosphamide administration the induction is replaced by inhibition. A similar action under analogous conditions is produced by 3-methylcholanthrene which is widely used as an inductor of cytochrome P-450. The induction of liver cytochrome P-450 by cyclophosphamide or 3-methylcholanthrene is accompanied by pronounced inhibition of immunoreactivity. The known inductor phenobarbital does not produce any reciprocal action. Apparently, the reciprocal action of cyclophosphamide and 3 methylcholanthrene on cytochrome P-450 and immunity is a consequence of intense formation with the involvement of cytochrome P-450 of highly reactive metabolites interfering with the function of immunocompetent cells. PMID- 6617840 TI - [Autoimmune and diabetogenic effects of bucarban]. AB - Experiments on animals were made to study the diabetogenous effect of repeated administrations of bucarban. The drug-induced immunization and insulin release were accompanied by the increased immune response of the humoral and cellular types specific for bucarban and insulin as well. The changes in the animals' immune status were accompanied by disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, characteristic for diabetes mellitus and by a lowering of the hypoglycemic effect of the antidiabetic drug in question. It was shown for the first time that the changes in carbohydrate, lipid and lipoprotein blood indicators seen in the animals given sulfanilamide antidiabetics occur in the presence of intense autoimmune response to the body own insulin and are undoubtedly related to this response. PMID- 6617841 TI - [Effect of trimethylglycine on lipid metabolism in experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits]. AB - It has been shown in adult rabbits aged 8 months with experimental cholesterol atherosclerosis that administration of trimethylglycinee in a dose of 0.5 g/kg reduces the elevated content of total and ester-bound cholesterol, beta lipoproteins, total lipids in the blood serum and that of total cholesterol and triglycerides in the liver. Little toxicity and high efficacy of trimethylglycin in experimental atherosclerosis make this compound prospective in the light of its use as an antisclerotic agent. PMID- 6617842 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the effect of plant polysaccharides on the inflammatory process and regeneration in chronic stomach ulcer]. AB - It has been demonstrated in experiments on animals that new polysaccharides of plant origin exhibit an anti-inflammatory action which compares very favourably to that of butadiene. The polysaccharide isolated from the Asteraceae family plant has proved to be a highly active biological substance that demonstrably stimulated reparative processes in the gastric mucosa of rats with ulcerous destructive lesions. PMID- 6617843 TI - [Antisilicotic action and side effects of polypyridylethyl-methacrylate iodomethylate]. AB - Antisilicotic and side effects of a new polymer synthetized on the basis of polymethacrylic acid were studied. The polymer not only inhibited the development of silicotic sclerosis but also induced its partial reverse development. As regards the effect intensity it appeared to be equal to highly effective polyvinylpyridine-N-oxide. The data obtained indicate the necessity of a further study of the new antisilicotic polymer with a purpose of recommending it for clinical trials. PMID- 6617844 TI - [Quantitative study of the morphofunctional changes in the placenta of rats exposed to nicotine at various periods of pregnancy]. AB - Administration of 2% nicotine to Wistar rats in doses of 1.5 and 5 mg/kg produced functional disorders of the placenta over the entire pregnancy. From the 14th to the 21st day it retarded pregnancy, which at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg was made for by the increased area of the trophoblast elements. PMID- 6617845 TI - Intestinal absorption. I - General principles of transintestinal transport. AB - The paper deals mainly with the principles and the basic mechanisms underlying the transport processes of molecules across biological membranes. The simple diffusion of electrolytes and non-electrolytes, the chemically-facilitated diffusion and the active transport are briefly discussed. These transport mechanisms are utilized also by substances moving through the intestinal epithelium even if this tissue has a rather complex structure. PMID- 6617846 TI - Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of monoalkylcarbamic and thiocarbamic esters of 3-mercapto-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide and of its Bz-derivatives. AB - A new series of monoalkylcarbamic esters of 3-mercapto-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1 dioxide (I) and of its 6-chloro- and 5,7-dichloroderivatives [compounds (II leads to XVI)] and a series of monoalkylthiocarbamic esters of (I) [compounds (XVII leads to XIX)] were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for antimicrobial activity. All the substances studied have been found to possess an inhibiting action on one or more strains of mycetes of the genus Candida and on some strains of Gram-positive bacteria belonging to the genus Staphylococcus. Moreover, some compounds have shown a bacteriostatic effect on a strain belonging to the genus Streptococcus. None of the substances tested was active on Gram-negative schizomycetes. PMID- 6617847 TI - [QSAR and aromatic series: proposals for steric parameters]. AB - A steric parameter, sigma D (the perimeter of the efficacious section of a molecule in the same plane as the aromatic ring) is proposed. A comparison between sigma D, RM and 1Xv in six different series of aromatic molecules was made. In most cases the new parameter is preferable. PMID- 6617848 TI - Synthesis of some 2- and 4-methoxyacetylaminobenzenesulphonylamino acid derivatives and their antimicrobial activity. AB - The synthesis of a series of 3-acetylamino-4-methoxy-,2-acetylamino-4-methoxy- and 2-methoxy-5-acetylaminobenzenesulphonylamino acids, methyl esters, hydrazides and dipeptide methyl esters (IV-LXI) is described. Some o-, m- and p-anisidine and 2-aminopyridine derivatives have also been prepared by analogous procedure. Twenty of various by substituted acetylaminomethoxybenzenesulphonylamino acid and dipeptide derivatives were found to possess specific antimicrobial activities towards different microorganisms. PMID- 6617849 TI - Azaprostaglandins. Synthesis and antiulcer activity of 11-deoxy-8 azaprostaglandin analogues. AB - We describe the synthesis and the antiulcer activity of new 11-deoxy-8-aza-PGE1 analogues (III a) and its C15-epimer (III b), (IV a) and its C15-epimer (IV b), featured by a triple bond in place of the C13-C14 trans double bond and a 16,16 dimethyl-17-oxabutyl omega-chain, respectively. PMID- 6617850 TI - Opioid peptides. Pharmacological activity and lipophilic character of dermorphin oligopeptides. IV. AB - The preliminary pharmacological activity pattern in guinea pig ileum and mouse vas deferens bioassays of five dermorphin related tetrapeptides is reported. The biological activities of the compounds under examination appear to be correlated in a statistically significant way to the lipophilic character of the C-terminal substituents. PMID- 6617851 TI - [Indolin-2,3-dione-3,N-alkylamino- and 3,N-piperazinoacetylhydrazones, new substances with anti-ulcer and antisecretory activity]. AB - New indolin-2,3-dione-3,N-alkylamino- and 3,N-piperazinoacetylhydrazones were synthesized and the gastric antisecretory activity was tested. Most of the active products were selected to evaluate the inhibition of peptic ulcer induced by phenylbutazone or by stress (restraint and cold). PMID- 6617852 TI - Synthesis and pharmacological activity of some 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin and 1,3-benzodioxol derivatives, as cyclic analogs of isoxsuprine. AB - A few analogs of the isoxsuprine drug with the phenoxyethyl group incorporated into the heterocyclic 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin or 1,3-benzodioxol ring have been synthesized. Among these compounds, the benzodioxol derivative (I e) has been found to possess hypotensive activity in rats in the same range as isoxsuprine, with no alpha-adrenolytic and central sedative properties. Cardiovascular studies in dogs have shown that (I e) is less potent than isoxsuprine, although its activity is longer-lasting at an equally hypotensive dose. PMID- 6617854 TI - Hypoglycemic compounds. Sulfanilylurea derivatives containing amino acids and dipeptides. I. PMID- 6617853 TI - Synaptic and non-synaptic mitochondria from rat cerebral cortex. Characterization and effect of pharmacological treatment on some enzyme activities related to energy transduction. AB - By a cellular subfractionation technique, synaptic and non-synaptic mitochondria from a single rat cerebral cortex were obtained. In these different mitochondrial populations the activity of citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase, total NADH cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome oxidase and glutamate dehydrogenase were evaluated. Except for glutamate dehydrogenase, the enzyme specific activities evaluated in the "free" mitochondrial fraction were higher than those evaluated in the "synaptic" SM1 and SM2 mitochondrial fractions, the differences between SM1 and SM2 fractions being significant. The effect of the in vivo administration of naftidrofuryl given at different doses and at different times was studied. The treatment induced few but different changes in the various mitochondrial populations. PMID- 6617855 TI - [Anticryptogamic activity of some aryl esters of N-benzyldithiocarbamic acid]. AB - Some aryl esters of N-benzyldithiocarbamic acid, characterized by the presence on the S-aryl group of hydrophilic or potentially hydrophilic groups were studied for anticryptogamic activity in vitro and in vivo. The substances were prepared by condensation of benzylisothiocyanate with suitable benzenethiols. The results showed the anticryptogamic activity of acylation derivatives of N-monosubstituted thiosalicylamides with the acyl of N-benzylthiocarbamic acid. PMID- 6617856 TI - Comparative binding studies of anticonvulsant drugs to bovine serum albumin. AB - The ability of a new anticonvulsant drug, denzimol, to interact with bovine serum proteins has been studied, in comparison with diphenylhydantoin and carbamazepine. Albumin proved to be the protein fraction responsible for the binding. The association constants were determined in vitro by means of equilibrium dialysis. Additional investigations showed that there was no consistent inhibition by denzimol of the other two drugs binding and vice versa. These data were obtained as a preliminary evaluation of the influence of protein binding in vivo. PMID- 6617857 TI - Analysis of the base substitutions found in the Xenopus laevis 5 S RNA pseudogene. AB - A 5 S RNA pseudogene is associated with the major oocyte 5 S RNA gene of Xenopus laevis. X. borealis has several oocyte specific 5 S RNA genes. Gene 1 is the dominant 5 S RNA gene. Gene 3 has sometimes been referred to as a pseudogene. We show that the base substitutions in the X. laevis 5 S pseudogene are non-random with respect to double and single-stranded regions of the 5 S RNA using the chi 2 test of homogeneity with Yates correction for continuity. In addition, conserved positions of eukaryotic 5 S RNAs are predominantly maintained. X. borealis gene 3 is random in mutations. PMID- 6617858 TI - Influence of hyperthermia on the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 from human skin fibroblasts and meningioma cells. AB - Skin fibroblasts and meningioma cells, derived from primary cultures of the same patients have been used to study the influence of hyperthermia on (i) cell morphology and (ii) phosphorylation pattern of ribosomal and ribosome-associated proteins. Incubation of tumour cells and fibroblasts up to 7 h at 42 degrees C did not significantly change the cell morphology as compared to control cells kept at 37 degrees C. At 42 degrees C ribosomal protein S6 is shifted cathodically indicating a loss of negative charge, however no quantitative dephosphorylation of S6 was observed. Meningioma cells and fibroblasts did not differ significantly with respect to S6 phosphorylation. PMID- 6617859 TI - On the relationship between Ca2+ efflux and membrane damage during t butylhydroperoxide metabolism by liver mitochondria. PMID- 6617860 TI - The effects of phalloidin on actin gel-sol transformation. PMID- 6617861 TI - Capacitance--voltage relationship in phospholipid bilayers containing gangliosides. AB - Changes in the position of the minimum of the parabolic capacitance-voltage curve allow the measurement of the amount of ganglioside present in artificial bilayers made with phosphatidylcholine-ganglioside mixtures and asymmetrically shielded with Ca2+. The screening effect of the ionic solution must be considered. With ganglioside/phospholipid molar ratios of up to 15%, all glycolipids can be found at the membrane surfaces. PMID- 6617862 TI - Conformation of antibiotic X-537A (lasalocid-A) and its calcium complex in acetonitrile solvent using circular dichroism spectroscopy. AB - The calcium binding characteristics of antibiotic X-537A (lasalocid-A) in a lipophilic solvent, acetonitrile (CH3CN), have been studied using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The analysis of the data indicated that in this medium polar solvent, X-537A forms predominantly the charged complexes of stoichiometries 2:1 and 1:1, the relative amounts of the two being dependent on [Ca2+]. The conformations of the complexes, arrived at on the basis of the data, seem to indicate a rigid part encompassing Ca2+, liganded to 3 oxygens of the molecule, viz., the carbonyl, the substituted tetrahydrofuran ring and the substituted pyran ring oxygens (apart from, possibly, the liganding provided by nitrogen atoms of the solvent molecules), and a flexible part consisting of the salicylic acid group of the molecule. PMID- 6617863 TI - Theoretical NMR study of the pre-melting transition in the d-(CGCGAATTCGCG) and d (CGCGTATACGCG) self-complementary duplexes. AB - The difference between their shielding in a B-DNA duplex and in the single strand having the same conformation has been calculated for all base protons of the dodecamers d-(CGCGAATTCGCG) and d-(CGCGTATACGCG). The calculated chemical shift variations reproduce the qualitative features of the shifts which occur during the pre-melting of the helices. This agreement shows that the pre-melting mechanism consists mainly of a lengthening of the hydrogen bonds between the two strands (in line opening) and that the conformation of the ribophosphate backbone and the orientation of the bases do not undergo major modifications during the first step of the melting. PMID- 6617864 TI - Effect of succinylacetone on heme and cytochrome P450 synthesis in hepatocyte culture. AB - The effects of succinylacetone, a tyrosine metabolite, on the hepatic biosynthesis of heme and cytochrome P450 were studied in primary culture of chick embryo hepatocytes. Succinylacetone potentiated the phenobarbital-mediated induction of delta-aminolevulinate synthase, strongly inhibited porphobilinogen synthase activity, reduced cellular heme concentration and impaired induction of cytochrome P450. Enhanced induction of delta-aminolevulinate synthase and decreased cytochrome P450 induction may be explained by the succinylacetone mediated inhibition of porphobilinogen synthase and the subsequent depletion of intracellular heme, since these effects of succinylacetone were reversed by addition of heme. These results suggest clinical implications for patients with tyrosinemia, who accumulate succinylacetone. PMID- 6617865 TI - Choline transport by synaptosomal membrane vesicles isolated from insect nervous tissue. AB - Membrane vesicles derived from insect nervous tissue are capable of accumulating choline via a high affinity, carrier-mediated process with ion gradients as the sole driving force. The transport is strictly dependent on the presence of Na+ and Cl- in the medium and is stimulated by a membrane potential. PMID- 6617866 TI - Disulfide content of reduced hen egg white and human milk lysozymes during the folding process. AB - In order to obtain a better understanding of the possible influence of the primary sequence of a protein on its folding pathway, renaturation of reduced human milk lysozyme was compared to that of reduced hen egg white lysozyme. Following disulfide bond formation, under identical conditions, similar products were found during the folding of both lysozymes, but the kinetics of appearance and disappearance of these intermediates as well as the appearance of the native conformation were different. PMID- 6617867 TI - Factor XIII-mediated cross-linking of NH2-terminal peptide of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor to fibrin. AB - The NH2-terminal 12-residue peptide of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor, Asn-Gln-Glu-Gln Val-Ser-Pro-Leu-Thr-Gly-Leu-Lys-NH2 . AcOH, was found to be a good substrate for plasma transglutaminase (activated blood coagulation factor XIII) and rapidly incorporated into fibrin by the enzyme. A high concentration of the peptide inhibited the enzyme-mediated cross-linking of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor to fibrin probably by competing with the inhibitor for the same site of fibrin alpha chain. PMID- 6617869 TI - Carbocyanine dyes used as fluorescent triplet probes for measuring slow rotational diffusion of lipids in membranes. AB - A method for measuring the slow rotational diffusion of lipids or lipid domains in membranes has been developed. It covers the time range from 20 microseconds-5 ms, and has a greater than 5 x 10(4) molecules of probe. The method uses acyl substituted carbocyanine dyes as fluorescent triplet probes and a laser microscope combination for excitation and measurement of the triplet state. Rotation rates in dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles were sensitive to the liquid-to-gel transition. Slow rotations with relaxation times of about 100 microseconds were detected at the transition temperature region. PMID- 6617868 TI - Chick embryo spinal cord neurons synthesize a transferrin-like myotrophic protein. AB - Highly enriched cultures of chick embryo spinal cord neurons synthesize and secrete a protein which is immunoprecipitable by anti-ovotransferrin. Ovotransferrin, an iron-binding glycoprotein of Mr 80 000, is also shown to stimulate in vitro myogenesis of cultured chick embryo myotubes as measured by saturable dose-dependent increase in acetylcholine receptors. This effect is probably dependent on ovotransferrin's ability to donate iron to the cells. In many respects ovotransferrin is similar to 'sciatin', a myotrophic protein isolated from chicken sciatic nerves. PMID- 6617870 TI - Purification of a pituitary polypeptide that stimulates the replication of adipocyte precursors in culture. AB - A bovine anterior pituitary polypeptide that stimulates the replication of rat and human adipocyte precursors has been purified. Its Mr is 44 000-53 000 and its isoelectric point is 9.8-10.3. While pituitary basic fibroblast growth factor is equally mitogenic on adipocyte precursors and skin fibroblasts, the polypeptide described here is selectively more active on the precursors. We postulate that this adipocyte growth factor plays a physiological role by modulating the number of adipocyte precursors. PMID- 6617871 TI - Inhibition of the elongation step of protein synthesis by vaccinia virus. AB - Vaccinia cores inhibit translation in cell-free protein synthesis systems at two stages: initiation; and, as shown here, elongation. The former effect tends to obscure the latter. Elongation control could, however, be revealed as follows: when, in a reticulocyte of L-cell lysate, initiation was blocked by a drug (edein), the residual [35S]methionine incorporation was severely reduced by the subsequent addition of vaccinia cores. The elongation block could also be demonstrated by analysis of ribosome profiles: treatment with edein alone permitted ribosomal run-off; treatment with either the elongation inhibition anisomycin or with cores preserved the polyribosomes. PMID- 6617872 TI - Recognition of signal sequences. AB - The hypothesis assumes that every continuous, entirely hydrophobic sequence of sufficient length, which is not involved in strong intramolecular contacts with other parts of the nascent protein chain, will function as a signal for translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane or across the inner bacterial membrane. The signal peptide is proposed to be deeply immersed into a hydrophobic cleft of the receptor. Accordingly, only the entirely nonpolar peptides can be absorbed and, despite different primary structures, all of them would assume the same conformation dictated by the structure of the receptor pocket. PMID- 6617873 TI - A new site-specific endodeoxyribonuclease from Citrobacter freundii. AB - Cfr10 I, a site-specific endonuclease from Citrobacter freundii strain RFL10, was isolated. It recognizes and cleaves the family of related sequences: 5'Pu decreases CCGGPy to generate DNA fragments with 5' tetranucleotide extensions. Cfr10 I may be useful in molecular cloning experiments, especially in conjunction with other enzymes which generate the same terminal extensions. PMID- 6617874 TI - Schiff's base formation in the lens protein gamma-crystallin. AB - Uniquely among the soluble lens-specific proteins, gamma-crystallin is capable of binding the strongly chromophoric aldehyde retinal. A role for gamma-crystallin in protecting lens components from toxic aldehydes resulting from membrane oxidation is proposed and a molecular model of the probable interaction site is presented. The sequence of a tetrapeptide at this site is identical to that of the retinal binding site of bacteriorhodopsin. PMID- 6617875 TI - Proline- and alanine-rich N-terminal extension of the basic bovine beta crystallin B1 chains. AB - The amino acid sequence of the N-terminal region of the two basic bovine beta crystallin B1 chains has been analyzed. The results reveal that beta B1b is derived in vivo from the primary gene product beta B1a by removal of a short N terminal sequence. It appears that the beta B1 chains have the same domain structure as observed in other beta- and gamma-crystallin chains. They have, however, a very long N-terminal extension in comparison with other beta-chains. This extension is mainly composed of a remarkable Pro- and Ala-rich sequence, which suggests an interaction of these structural proteins with the cytoskeleton and/or the plasma membranes of the lens cells. PMID- 6617876 TI - Effect of S-100 protein on microtubule assembly-disassembly. AB - S-100 protein was examined for its ability to affect microtubule assembly disassembly in vitro. Addition of S-100 protein inhibited microtubule assembly in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of Ca2+, but this effect was not observed in the presence of 2 mM EGTA. The interaction of microtubule proteins with S-100 protein was also demonstrated by Ca+-dependent affinity chromatography on S-100 protein-Sepharose. The proteins bound to the Sepharose column comigrated with tubulin as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These results might suggest a possible physiological role of S-100 protein in the microtubule assembly-disassembly system. PMID- 6617877 TI - Co-operation between metastatic tumor cells and macrophages in the degradation of basement membrane (type IV) collagen. AB - The co-culture of mouse peritoneal macrophages and Lewis lung carcinoma cells induces the release of a metal-dependent type IV collagen-degrading proteinase which is not produced in detectable amounts by either cell type cultivated alone. Conditioned media of the co-cultures degrade both pepsin-extracted type IV collagen from human placenta and mouse type IV procollagen. Thus macrophages can interact with tumor cells to degrade basement membrane type IV collagen: this might be of importance to allow cancer invasion and metastasis. PMID- 6617878 TI - Magnesium as a natural substitute for manganese in concanavalin A and other lectins. AB - Addition of magnesium to apo-concanavalin A in the presence of calcium was shown by ultraviolet difference spectroscopy to generate a holoprotein spectroscopically identical to the MnCa-holoprotein. The MgCa- and MnCa-forms bound equally strongly to Sephadex G-75. In kinetic experiments, the binding of Mg2+ was much slower than Mn2+ binding; Kd for Mg2+ was estimated as 7.4 mM. The combined Mg2+ and Mn2+ contents of 10 lectins specific for D-galactose or N acetyl-D-galactosamine were each close to one atom per subunit, suggesting occupancy of the Mn2+ site by Mg2+ is common in plant lectins. PMID- 6617879 TI - Purification of the active mitochondrial tricarboxylate carrier by hydroxylapatite chromatography. AB - The mitochondrial tricarboxylate carrier has been extracted from rat liver mitochondria or SMP with Triton X-100, in the presence of 1,2,3-BTA and DPG, and partially purified by chromatography on HTP. The purified fraction, which also contains the ADP/ATP carrier and the phosphate carrier, after incorporation into liposomes catalyzes a 1,2,3-BTA-sensitive [14C]citrate/citrate exchange. The tissue and substrate specificity, the inhibitor sensitivity and the kinetic properties of citrate transport in liposomes are similar to those described for the citrate transport in mitochondria. The maximal rate of citrate exchange in the reconstituted system is 338 mumol X min-1 X g protein-1, at 30 degrees C and pH 7.0. PMID- 6617880 TI - Glutamate uptake by cultured rat hepatocytes is mediated by hormonally inducible, sodium-dependent transport systems. AB - Glutamate uptake by rat hepatocytes in primary monolayer culture was found to be mediated by a Na+-independent and by two Na+-dependent transport systems of high and low affinity. Inhibition studies with cysteate and other model amino acids rules out the participation of the neutral amino acid transport systems A, ASC, and N and revealed that the Na+-dependent agencies represent unequivocally anionic transport systems. Na+-dependent uptake of glutamate in isolated hepatocytes was slow compared to the Na+-independent portion, but increased spontaneously during cultivation. In the presence of dexamethasone it was stimulated about 10-fold at the second day of cultivation. PMID- 6617881 TI - Stimulation of an exocytotic event, the hamster sperm acrosome reaction, by cis unsaturated fatty acids. AB - The cis-unsaturated fatty acids oleic, arachidonic and cis-vaccenic stimulated the hamster sperm acrosome reaction in vitro (an exocytotic event which occurs in the sperm head and which is essential for fertilization). The trans-isomers of oleic and vaccenic acids did not stimulate the acrosome reaction, nor did the cis unsaturated fatty acids petroselenic and docosahexaenoic or the saturated fatty acids lauric, myristic or stearic. This is the first report of a stimulatory effect of cis-unsaturated fatty acids on an exocytic event in an intact viable cell. PMID- 6617882 TI - The presence of NADPH-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate oxidoreductase in macrophages. AB - The existence of an NADPH-oxidoreductase which utilizes D-glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate as substrate has been demonstrated in mouse peritoneal macrophages. D Glyceraldehyde could also serve as substrate, albeit with a 10-fold lower efficiency. No NADH oxidation could be demonstrated with either substrate. Addition of D-glyceraldehyde to cultured macrophages increased the rate of activity of the hexose monophosphate shunt to about 65% of the level observed in zymosan A-stimulated macrophages. The possible involvement of the oxidoreductase in this phenomenon and in the inhibitory effect of D-glyceraldehyde on the production of oxygen free radicals by zymosan-stimulated cells is discussed. PMID- 6617883 TI - Similar affinities of ADP and ATP for G-actin at physiological salt concentrations. AB - The equilibrium constant for the exchange of ATP and ADP at G-actin was determined by fluorimetric titration of G-actin-bound epsilon-ATP by ATP or ADP. The affinity of ATP for G-actin was found to be only about 3-fold higher than the affinity of ADP for G-actin at 37 degrees C, pH 7.5 and physiologically relevant salt concentrations (100 mmol K+/l, 0.8 mmol Mg2+/l, less than 0.01 mmol Ca2+/l). PMID- 6617884 TI - Lysozymes' esterase activity. AB - A non-specific esterase activity of hen lysozyme (c-type) has previously been described: histidine was claimed to be involved in this activity. The present letter reports that a histidine-less lysozyme from the duck egg-white (c-type) as well as a goose lysozyme (g-type) possess such an esterase activity determined using p-nitrophenylacetate. PMID- 6617885 TI - Phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent protein kinase activity in rat skeletal muscle. AB - Phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent protein kinase activity has been demonstrated in the soluble fraction of rat skeletal muscle. The reaction was not due to the formation of ATP in the incubation mixture. Cyclic AMP, calcium, ATP and a number of phosphate acceptor proteins did not stimulate the reaction. One 32P-labelled protein (Mr 25000) was observed on SDS gels. The phosphorylated protein contained acid stable phosphoserine as a major phosphorylated amino acid. The phosphorylation reaction in crude extracts was not directly proportional to the amount of protein, but typical of a two-component system; i.e., kinase and substrate. The chromatography of soluble proteins on Ultrogel AcA44 separated the phosphate acceptor protein(s) from the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent protein kinase activity. PMID- 6617886 TI - The role of 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine (AcGEPC) and palmitoyl-lysophosphatidate in the responses of human blood platelets to collagen and thrombin. AB - Desensitisation of human blood platelets to the effects of 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine (1-O-alkylAcGEPC) and palmityl-lysophosphatidate by pre-incubation with these agonists has no effect on the aggregatory or secretory responses to collagen but causes 30-40% inhibition of these responses to thrombin in aspirin-treated platelets. The effects of 1-O-alkylAcGEPC and palmitoyl lysophosphatidate are not additive. The results are not consistent with the proposal that 1-O-alkylAcGEPC or lysophosphatidate are the mediators for the responses to collagen observed when prostaglandinendoperoxide synthesis is prevented, although they may play some role in the responses to thrombin under these conditions. PMID- 6617887 TI - Soluble phorbol ester binding sites and phospholipid- and calcium-dependent protein kinase activity in cytosol of chick oviduct. AB - A large amount of specific high affinity binding sites for tumor promoting phorbol esters as well as of a Ca2+- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase is present in cytosol of chick oviduct. 12-O-Tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is able to replace either Ca2+ or the phospholipid phosphatidylserine as activators of the kinase to some extent. The maximum activity of the enzyme in the presence of Ca2+ and phosphatidylserine, however, cannot be increased further by TPA. Various second stage tumor promoters also exhibit the capacity to stimulate the protein kinase, whereas the non-promoting phorbol ester 4-O-methyl TPA, as well as the non-promoting, but with respect to other responses TPA-like, calcium ionophore A23187, do not affect the kinase. PMID- 6617888 TI - Reduced mitogenic stimulation of human lymphocytes by extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields. AB - Blastogenesis of human peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated in vitro by non specific mitogens (PHA, ConA, PWM) upon exposure to extremely low frequency EMF has been studied. Different frequencies of square waveforms have been used. PHA stimulation resulted in strong inhibitions as measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation. A frequency window (3-50 Hz) within which ConA-induced blastogenesis was significantly inhibited has been individuated. The mitogenic effect of PWM was significantly affected only at 3 Hz. PMID- 6617890 TI - Synthesis of phage-specific transfer RNA molecules by vibriophage phi 149. AB - 32P-Labelled tRNA was isolated from uninfected and phage phi 149-infected Vibrio cholerae cells. These tRNA preparations were then hybridised with DNA isolated from phage phi 149. Significant hybridisation was observed only with tRNA from phage phi 149-infected cells. This strongly suggests that infection of classical vibrio with phage phi 149 results in the synthesis of phage-specific tRNA molecules. PMID- 6617889 TI - Fate of newly synthesized histones in G1 and G0 cells. AB - We have shown that quiescent cells as well as those in the G1 phase of the cell cycle synthesize histones at a reduced but significant rate. Now, we show that the histones synthesized during G0 and G1 are stably incorporated into nuclei soon after synthesis. Micrococcal nuclease digestion of nuclei isolated from cells in G0 and G1 revealed that the specific histone variants synthesized in these different physiological states are found associated with DNA as nucleosomes. Nucleosomes were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in a reducing buffer so that histone spot morphology, particularly that of the H3s was improved. PMID- 6617891 TI - Non-invasive, kinetic measurements of [3H]nitrendipine binding to isolated rat myocytes by condensed phase radioluminescence. AB - The binding of 3H-labelled drug molecules to membranes of living cells gives rise to photon emission from tryptophan residues at proteinaceous binding sites. This phenomenon, called condensed phase radioluminescence, has been used to measure non-invasively the kinetics of [3H]nitrendipine binding and dissociation on the same samples of cultured beating cardiac myocytes. Signal arose only from bound drug molecules. Binding was monoexponential (tau = 5.5 min) as was dissociation (14.3 min). Preincubating cells with non-radioactive nifedipine reduced the amplitude and rate of [3H]nitrendipine but not of [3H]dihydroalprenolol binding. The potential uses of this phenomenon are discussed. PMID- 6617892 TI - The translation of the messenger for the poly(A)-binding protein-associated with translated mRNA is suppressed. A case of cytoplasmic repression in duck erythroblasts. AB - In vivo protein synthesis in duck erythroblasts was compared to in vitro translation of polyribosomal and free cytoplasmic mRNA. The in vivo study showed the absence of de novo synthesis of the Mr 73 000 poly(A)-binding protein found associated with all polyribosomal mRNA. In vitro translation demonstrated that the mRNA for this protein is absent from the polyribosomal mRNA fraction but constitutes a medium frequency messenger among the repressed free mRNA. This result confirms the existence of a qualitative translational control in terminal differentiating duck erythroblasts leading eventually to the arrest of the protein synthesizing machinery. PMID- 6617893 TI - Role of ultrastructural techniques in understanding mechanisms of metal-induced nephrotoxicity. AB - The combined use of ultrastructural morphometry and X-ray microanalysis in conjunction with biochemical analysis is one approach to elucidating mechanisms of metal nephrotoxicity at the cellular level. Ultrastructural morphometry conducted on proximal tubule cells of rats exposed to low levels of methyl mercury for prolonged periods of time showed statistically significant increases in the volume densities of the lysosomal and mitochondrial compartments. These findings were associated with marked changes in lysosomal marker enzymes and mitochondrial heme biosynthesis enzymes leading to the detection of a renal porphyrinuria that occurred before changes in standard tests of renal function. Ultrastructural morphometry, X-ray microanalysis, and biochemical studies of the low-molecular-weight tubular proteinuria produced by injection of cadmium metallothionein (CdMT) showed a rapid proximal tubule cell lysosome uptake and degradation of the CdMT complex, which led to a subsequent decrease in the numerical density (Nv) and average diameter of lysosomes and to an increase in the Nv of apical pinocytolic vesicles with time. The data indicate disruption of the normal primary lysosome-pinocytolic vesicle fusion process and related development of tubular proteinuria. Ultrastructural techniques may provide information useful in elucidating mechanisms of ongoing metal-induced nephrotoxic processes when consideration is given to sampling strategies for morphometric analysis and the inherent detection limits, elemental volatility, translocation effects, and limitations of quantification for X-ray microanalysis in soft biological tissues. PMID- 6617894 TI - Tubular sites of action of heavy metals, and the nature of their inhibition of amino acid reabsorption. AB - Functional lesions after exposure to heavy metals are reviewed in relation to renal amino acid transport. Such effects may vary from metal to metal but they do not appear to represent general cytotoxicity. In agreement with the conclusion that the rate- and specificity-determining step in amino acid reabsorption is located at the brush border, metals exert their primary effect at that site. The inhibition kinetics resemble those seen with uncompetitive inhibitors but the precise nature of the interaction between metals and carriers remains to be clarified. Peritubular transport of dicarboxylic amino acids is also sensitive to metals, but this action does not influence reabsorption of these acids. PMID- 6617895 TI - Impaired renal function and aluminum metabolism. AB - The consequences of renal functional impairment on aluminum (Al) excretion are not clear inasmuch as little is known about its glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, or secretion. The association of Al and the etiology of the dialysis encephalopathy syndrome and osteomalacia among patients with uremia suggests that renal functional impairment is a prerequisite for increased body Al stores. However, considerable evidence argues against the concept that tissue Al accumulation occurs as a simple consequence of renal failure. Many dialysis patients have high parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations that have been associated with neurologic abnormalities, bone disease, and anemia. The toxicity of PTH could be either direct or indirect by influencing the metabolism of potentially toxic substances such as Al. Our studies in normal rats suggest that gastrointestinal Al absorption and specific tissue burdens are enhanced by PTH, but not irreversibly, because the withdrawal of PTH resulted in Al egress. Dialysis patients are often treated with vitamin D analogs to prevent or control consequences of hyperparathyroidism and impaired 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol synthesis. Although some reports suggest that high bone Al in osteomalacia may be responsible for vitamin D resistance, our studies with normal rats suggest that its metabolites may also increase tissue Al burdens independent of PTH action. Thus, several factors operative in uremia other than impaired renal function may contribute to altered Al metabolism and, consequently, to its toxicity. PMID- 6617897 TI - The creationist attack on science. The magnitude of the threat. PMID- 6617896 TI - Evidence for dopamine-containing renal nerves. AB - The existence of the specific renal DA1 postsynaptic receptor for dopamine (DA) has prompted the search for a counterpart dopaminergic innervation. In the canine kidney there is an increased proportion of DA as a percentage of norepinephrine (NE), and both NE and DA are lost after chronic denervation. In the rat and dog, renal stimulation increases the net secretion of both NE and DA; renal denervation eliminates NE but only partially reduces DA secretion. Histological techniques have identified DA-containing neuronal elements in the kidney. Thus there is growing evidence for a prejunctional dopaminergic counterpart to the DA1 receptor. PMID- 6617898 TI - Evolution and young-earth creationism: a manufactured controversy. PMID- 6617899 TI - Evolution viewed in the light of religion. PMID- 6617900 TI - Radiometric dating and the age of the earth: a reply to scientific creationism. PMID- 6617901 TI - Litigating the religion of creation science. PMID- 6617902 TI - Surgical management of tubal obstruction at the uterotubal junction. AB - "The surgeon who works in the sterile tube will get the best results from the operation that produces at least one good tube next to one good ovary, with the minimum of surgical trauma, and the minimal number of stitches." This comment by Grant in 1971 also holds true today as infertility surgeons strive through new techniques and instrumentation to give renewed reproductive potential to all varieties of diseased and occluded fallopian tubes. It is our observation (certainly shared by others) from personal experience and from the literature that, assuming all other fertility factors are functionally normal, there are only three conditions that need to be met by reconstructed tubes to offer the possibility of pregnancy: (1) the final length of the tube must be sufficient to reach from the uterus to the site of ovum pickup, whether the ovary or the cul-de sac; (2) there must be sufficient mucosal amount and function to produce the oviductal secretions that regulate and support the sperm, ovum, and conceptus; and (3) there must be sufficient tubal function to delay morula or blastocyst transport until the endometrium is prepared for implantation. It is apparent from this review that all varieties of UTJ reconstructive operations have proven their potential to endow the postoperative tube with the above requirements for pregnancy, despite the fact that many result in the removal or bypass of large segments of proximal and mid-segment tubal tissue thought to be important in the normal reproductive process. Therefore, the hesitancy and lack of enthusiasm that once existed to tackle cornual and isthmic occlusions should no longer be as widespread. There will always be a place for whatever favorite procedure works best in one's hands, because the technique of the surgeon is probably more important than the type of UTJ procedure, but it is our opinion that microsurgical tubocornual anastomosis should be one's primary approach to correcting a UTJ obstruction. Microanastomosis has been consistently more successful than implantation techniques, is associated with fewer postoperative complications, and is designed to conserve maximum amounts of normal cornual and tubal tissue. However, given the circumstances of complete intramural occlusion or surgeon preference, any of the described uterotubal implantation operations can be confidentiality utilized as a primary or secondary approach to surgical reconstruction of UTJ obstructions. PMID- 6617903 TI - Ultrasound measurement of ovarian follicles stimulated by human gonadotropins for oocyte recovery and in vitro fertilization. AB - Ultrasonic monitoring of ovarian follicles and estimation of serum estradiol (E2) were performed in 51 patients in whom oocyte aspiration for in vitro fertilization was planned. All patients received human menopausal gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin. The daily growth rates of ovarian follicles were recorded ultrasonically for 6 days prior to aspiration. Serum plasma E2 was determined daily during the same period. Follicular dimensions based on the volume of aspirated fluid correlated very well with the ultrasonic measurements. Follicular growth was correlated with increasing peripheral blood E2 levels. The mean follicular diameter increased from 10.8 mm 6 days before aspiration to a maximum of 16.0 mm on the day of presumptive ovulation in a group of patients characterized as low E2 responders. In normal and high E2 responders, the values were from 9.7 mm and 10.5 mm to 16.9 mm and 17.6 mm, respectively. The mean sizes of the follicles by ultrasound 20 hours before laparoscopy were 16.0 mm for the right ovary, 16.6 mm for the left ovary, and 18.5 mm in patients with only one ovary. At laparoscopy the mean diameters calculated from the volume of the aspirated fluids were 17.5 mm, 17.4 mm, and 19.3 mm, respectively. Multiple follicles developed in all but 2 of the 51 patients. PMID- 6617904 TI - Basal body temperature graph and the luteal phase defect. AB - Basal body temperature (BBT) charts from three menstrual cycles of 20 normal women and 20 women with biopsy-proven luteal phase defect (LPD) were reviewed. Mean luteal phase length in the normal women was 13.4 days, and that of the women with LPD was 11.8 days (P less than 0.05). Six (30%) of the LPD patients had luteal phases of less than 11 days according to BBT, and five of these patients had severely out-of-phase endometrial biopsies. None of the normal patients had luteal phases of less than 11 days. There was no significant difference in the mean rate of postovulatory BBT rise between the two groups. It is suggested that the slope of postovulatory temperature shift is not helpful in the diagnosis of LPD but that evidence of a luteal phase of less than 11 days on BBT does indicate a high likelihood of LPD. PMID- 6617905 TI - Dehydrogesterone treatment of endometrial luteal phase deficiency after ovulation induced by clomiphene citrate and human chorionic gonadotropin. AB - Twenty infertile patients being treated with clomiphene citrate (CC) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for induction of ovulation, with a defective endometrial secretory pattern despite normal plasma levels of progesterone, estradiol, and prolactin, were entered into treatment plans on a random basis involving the following: CC-hCG plus dehydrogesterone (group 1), and CC-hCG (group 2). Success rates were similar in both groups (20% and 30%, respectively), based on a corrected endometrial defect during the second treated cycle. It is concluded that progestational agents are of low therapeutic value in endometrial luteal phase deficiency induced by CC. PMID- 6617906 TI - Pregnancy following salpingostomy: comparison between CO2 laser and electrosurgery procedures. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of the CO2 laser in tubal surgery. The results of CO2 laser and electrosurgery procedures in salpingostomy were compared. From January 1977 through December 1978, 30 salpingostomies were carried out by electrosurgery. From January 1979 through January 1981, 38 salpingostomies were carried out by CO2 laser. All cases were performed using a microsurgical approach by the same two surgeons. The results for both groups were analyzed and compared. Despite a slight improvement in the term pregnancy rate with the use of the CO2 laser, no statistically significant difference was found between the two procedures in this series. The CO2 laser's ability to cut bloodlessly through tissue with minimal damage allows all procedures of tuboplasty and results in surgery easily and quickly achieved. This experience suggests that the CO2 laser now represents a safe and effective alternative to electrosurgery in tubal microsurgery. PMID- 6617907 TI - Comparison of tubal surgery with the CO2 laser and the unipolar microelectrode. AB - The uterine horns of 40 New Zealand White female rabbits were resected and anastomosed to compare microsurgical anastomosis of the horns excised with microscissors, with a laser, and with a microelectrode. The rabbits were divided into four groups. In the first group of ten rabbits, 3 cm of tissue was resected by microscissors from each uterine horn; the cut ends were then anastomosed in one layer with 8-0 Vicryl sutures using the operating microscope. In the second group of ten rabbits, 3 cm of tissue was resected by laser from each uterine horn; the cut ends were then anastomosed in one layer with 8-0 Vicryl. In the third group of ten rabbits, 3 cm of tissue was resected by laser from each uterine horn; the cut ends were then anastomosed by "welding" the tissues with the laser. In the fourth group of ten rabbits, 3 cm of tissue was resected by a microelectrode; the cut ends were then anastomosed in one layer with 8-0 Vicryl sutures using loupe magnification. All the rabbits in the first and fourth groups became pregnant, only four became pregnant in the second group, and none became pregnant in the third group. It is concluded that the CO2 laser beam as used in this study has no place in tubal resection and reconstruction. PMID- 6617908 TI - Gender after artificial induction of ovulation and artificial insemination. AB - Several studies on artificial insemination by donor (AID) semen have suggested that the gender of infants can be influenced by treatment of the women with clomiphene citrate (CC) and by the type of semen used (fresh versus cryopreserved). We conducted a 3-year prospective clinical trial to test these hypotheses. Two groups of pregnant women were evaluated. Group I (n = 130) comprised women whose ovulation was induced by CC; group II (n = 190) comprised those who conceived during spontaneous ovulatory cycles. In a total of 320 pregnancies, 55 spontaneous abortions occurred, 23.1% in group I and 13.2% in group II (P less than or equal to 0.05). Two tubal ectopic pregnancies occurred in group I. Of the 100 and 165 pregnancies carried to term in the treated and control groups, respectively, 11% and 1.8% involved twins (P less than or equal to 0.005). When only single births were considered, group I had 46.1% males in 89 term pregnancies, and group II had 60.5% males in 162 term pregnancies. Significantly more female offspring occurred in the group treated with CC (P less than or equal to 0.05). Because it is possible that a portion of the effects observed in this study were a function of cryopreservation of the AID semen, we compared data on frozen sperm with data on fresh sperm in terms of abortion, gender, and incidence of multiple births; there were no significant differences. Fertil Steril 40:481, 1983. PMID- 6617909 TI - Seasonal breeding in humans: birth records of the Labrador Eskimo. AB - Moravian missionaries recorded all births in two Eskimo communities in northern Labrador from 1778 to 1940. These records demonstrate an annual cycle in births characterized by a peak in March, a trough in June, with an amplitude of 80%; they agree with previous observations on seasonal breeding among the Eskimo made by early Arctic explorers. PMID- 6617910 TI - Presence of the "Beaumont" protein in serum of oral contraceptive users. AB - The level of the "Beaumont" protein present in serum was measured by a population of 223 black and 76 Caucasian women with different exposures to oral contraceptives (OCs). No differences were found in the values in nonusers, past users, current users, or new users of OCs. The values were higher in black nonusers and users than in comparable Caucasian groups, suggesting a racial difference. A group of 55 thrombotic women were subclassified by type of thrombosis and exposure to OC therapy. No significant difference was seen between the values in thrombotic women exposed or not exposed to OCs. A similar result was obtained when the types of thrombosis (arterial or venous) were compared. These results do not confirm Beaumont's hypothesis that antibodies are induced by contraceptive steroids in a subgroup of women on OC therapy. PMID- 6617911 TI - Immunologic considerations before and after vasovasostomy. AB - A prospective study has been completed to determine the incidence and significance of antisperm antibodies in 160 men undergoing vasovasostomy to relieve obstruction of the vas deferens due to vasectomy. Preoperatively, serum sperm-agglutinating antibody (SSAA), serum sperm-immobilizing antibody (SSIA), and seminal plasma sperm-agglutinating antibody (SPSAA) were found in 63%, 37%, and 3%, respectively. When they were postoperatively studied, 92 of the same men demonstrated no significant change in the incidence or the absolute level of SSAA or SSIA. The SPSAA was found in 7% of 120 men preoperatively; however, 16% of 51 men studied postoperatively exhibited SPSAA. Significant differences in pregnancy rates have been documented between the spouses of men with detectable levels of agglutinating and immobilizing antibody and the spouses of men with no evidence of antibody formation. PMID- 6617913 TI - Simultaneous treatment of the wife in infertile couples with oligospermia. AB - Poor ovulation was found to be common in infertile couples with oligospermia. When the sperm count was less than 5 x 10(6)/ml, 33% of wives had poor ovulation. When the sperm count was between 5 x 10(6)/ml and 20 x 10(6)/ml, 78% of wives had poor ovulation. Improvement in sperm count was most likely to increase the chances of conception when the pretreatment sperm count was less than 5 x 10(6)/ml. Pregnancy in infertile couples with oligospermia cannot be related simply to treatment or improvement in the husband's oligospermia but can only be viewed in the context of the wife's fertility, which is quite frequently also impaired in infertile couples with male factor problems. PMID- 6617912 TI - Adenosine triphosphate in human semen: a quantitative estimate of fertilizing potential. AB - The concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) per milliliter of ejaculate was found to be significantly correlated with the following parameters: sperm concentration, number of motile spermatozoa per milliliter, capacity of spermatozoa to migrate against gravity, and in vitro potential to penetrate zona free hamster ova. The ATP concentration was significantly lower in the semen of infertile men with normal sperm concentration and motility, compared with matched fertile donors. The ATP concentration of deep-frozen donor semen was significantly correlated with its fertilizing potential as estimated from the pregnancy per cycle index in an artificial insemination by donor semen program. These qualities suggest that measurement of semen ATP may be a possible biochemical method for the quantitation of the actual fertilizing potential of the ejaculate. PMID- 6617914 TI - Effect of heterologous seminal plasma on the fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa as assessed by the zona-free hamster egg test. AB - The spermatozoa from 8 of 27 men showed a major increase (greater than 15%) in the oocyte penetration rate, the spermatozoa from 7 men showed a major decrease (less than 15%), and no major changes were noted in the other men when the spermatozoa were washed and preincubated with heterologous seminal plasma for 20 minutes before assessing their activity in the zona-free hamster egg assay. No difference was noted in motility or forward progression between the test and control spermatozoa. The increase or decrease in the oocyte penetration rate was consistent for all the ejaculates of a donor; i.e., a donor whose sperm showed an increase in the rate never showed a decrease, and vice versa. Additionally, the oocyte penetration rate of "epididymal-like" spermatozoa, obtained by ejaculation of the first fraction of a semen sample into a large volume of buffer, was enhanced when the spermatozoa were preincubated in their own seminal plasma, obtained from the other fraction of the ejaculate. It is concluded that seminal plasma can have a beneficial influence on the oocyte-penetrating capacity of spermatozoa that is independent of an effect on motility. However, the influence is probably often masked by the presence of antifertility factors in seminal plasma. The penetration-enhancing factor of seminal plasma has a molecular weight of less than 10,000, is quite heat-labile, but is stable at 4 degrees C. The penetration-enhancing factor is somewhat less stable at -20 degrees C and is unstable to lyophilization and reconstitution in H2O. Fertil Steril 40:512, 1983. PMID- 6617915 TI - Nonhuman primate in vitro fertilization: biochemical changes associated with embryonic development. AB - Little research has focused on the biochemistry of primate embryos fertilized in vitro. These studies were designed to examine alterations in cellular incorporation of leucine, uptake of steroid hormones, and overall viability of such embryos. The results may be applied to certain investigations of embryonic development in humans. Squirrel monkey ova and embryos were incubated in medium supplemented with either 3H-leucine, 3H-17 beta-estradiol (E2), or 3H progesterone (P) and processed for autoradiographic analysis or assayed for radioactivity. Cellular incorporation of 3H-leucine (as an indication of protein synthesis), declined with oocyte maturation in vitro and remained constant at in vitro fertilization (IVF). The use of the vital dyes trypan blue and fluorescein diacetate showed high correlations with the cellular incorporation of 3H-leucine by ova, therefore demonstrating viability. Uptake of E2 and P increased at IVF. The results indicate normal metabolic development of primate embryos fertilized in vitro that is comparable to preimplantation development of other mammalian species. PMID- 6617916 TI - Inhibition of ovulation in the rabbit by the antimitotic agent, colchicine. AB - This study establishes the optimum time to administer colchicine to inhibit ovulation in the rabbit, and it examines the effect of colchicine on prostaglandin biosynthesis in ovulatory follicles. Colchicine (2 mg/kg) was given at intervals ranging from 50 hours to 2 hours before ovulation. The ovulation efficiency was significantly reduced when colchicine was administered between 30 hours and 9 hours before ovulation, with maximum inhibition occurring at 20 hours before ovulation. Normal elevation in prostaglandin biosynthesis at the time of ovulation was significantly reduced when colchicine was given at 20 hours before ovulation, but not when it was given at 9 hours or 2 hours before ovulation. The results suggest that the mechanism by which the antimitotic agent colchicine inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis and ovulation may be different from that of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent indomethacin. PMID- 6617917 TI - The transepithelial movement of 3H-3-O-methyl-D-glucose in the hamster seminiferous and cauda epididymidal tubules. AB - Studies were performed in male hamsters to determine whether antiluminal, active glucose transport played a role in maintaining low glucose concentrations in male reproductive tract fluids. Studies of tissue uptake of 3H-3-O-methyl-D-glucose (3H-3OMG) demonstrated that after equilibrium seminiferous tissue 3H-3OMG concentrations were similar to blood plasma concentrations. Previous studies have shown that under similar circumstances seminiferous tubule lumen fluid 3H-3OMG concentrations are much lower than blood plasma concentrations. These facts suggested the possible presence of an antiluminal, active transport system for glucose in the seminiferous epithelium. In vivo perfusion of seminiferous tubules with fluids containing 3H-3OMG demonstrated an approximately 80% removal of the isotope after 1.5 hours. This movement was against a blood-lumen glucose gradient and was consistent with antiluminal active glucose transport. Increasing phloridzin concentrations in intraluminal perfusion fluid tended to be associated with decreased removal of 3H-3OMG from the lumen fluid; however, this effect was not significant; thus the evidence failed to support a hypothesis of an active antiluminal glucose pump in the seminiferous epithelium. Movement of 3H-3OMG across the cauda epididymidal epithelium was limited in both the pro- and antiluminal direction. The blood-epididymal barrier for 3H-3OMG movement appears to be much more restrictive than the blood-seminiferous tubule barrier for the same molecule. PMID- 6617919 TI - Unexplained fertility. PMID- 6617918 TI - Intrauterine pregnancy following ovum recovery at laparotomy and subsequent in vitro fertilization. PMID- 6617920 TI - Contraceptive practices of female runners. PMID- 6617921 TI - Segmental absence of the mid-portion of the Fallopian tube. PMID- 6617922 TI - [Effects of irradiation on the cytosol glucocorticoid receptor and concentrations of corticosterone and cyclic nucleotides in the rat liver]. PMID- 6617923 TI - [Fasting serum gastrin, motilin and secretin in treated and untreated hyperthyroidism]. AB - To study the gastrointestinal hormones involved in hyperthyroidism and the interrelationship with the thyroid hormones, the preprandial serum concentrations of gastrin, motilin and secretin were measured by radioimmunoassay in 33 normal subjects and in 104 patients before and after treatment. The following results were obtained. 1) Serum gastrin concentrations in hyperthyroid patients were significantly higher than that of the control, and when the patients reached euthyroidism or hypothyroidism after treatment, the gastrin concentrations in the serum decreased to the normal level. There was a positive correlation between thyroid hormones and serum gastrin. 2) The changes in serum motilin concentrations in hyperthyroidism before and after treatment did not show any significant differences from that of the control. There was a slightly negative relationship between motilin and gastrin and also between T4 and motilin. 3) The mean serum secretin level rose significantly in hypothyroid patients after treatment for hyperthyroidism, but there was no individual correlation between serum secretin and thyroid hormone. PMID- 6617924 TI - [The role of the cholinergic system in controlling the nocturnal prolactin surge in pseudopregnant rats]. AB - To elucidate the role of the cholinergic system in controlling the nocturnal prolactin (PRL) surge in the early stage of rat pseudopregnancy, the effects of subcutaneous or intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of various cholinergic agonists and antagonists on the pattern of the nocturnal PRL surge were investigated. Pseudopregnancy was induced by stimulating the uterine cervix with a vibrator between 0630 h and 0700 h on the morning of estrus (Day 0). Blood samples for PRL analysis by RIA were obtained every two hours from 2300 h on Day 2 to 0900 h on Day 3 through an indwelling venous cannula, which was implanted on Day 1 under pentobarbital-Na anesthesia, or by decapitation at 0300 h on Day 3. For ICV injection of the drug, rats were implanted with a stainless steel guide cannula 1.0 mm above the right lateral ventricle on diestrus 1 of the estrous cycle. They were given cervical stimulation on the initial estrous morning after the above operation. Control rats given saline solution showed a nocturnal PRL surge between 0100 h and 0700 h on Day 3 in the present study. Atropine sulfate (70 and 700 mg/kg) injected subcutaneously resulted in the complete inhibition of the nocturnal PRL surge whenever given at 2100 h on Day 2, 0000 h on Day 3 and 0300 h on Day 3, which corresponded to 4 hours and 1 hour before and 2 hours after the starting of the nocturnal PRL surge, respectively. ICV injection of atropine sulfate (250 micrograms/rat) also inhibited the occurrence of the nocturnal PRL surge when given at 0000 h on Day 3, though a slight and transient elevation of plasma PRL levels were seen. Subcutaneous injection of pilocarpine hydrochloride (5 and 50 mg/kg), a cholinergic agonist, did not affect the elevation of plasma PRL concentration observed at 0300 h on Day 3 when administered 3 hours before. The other agonist, arecoline hydrochloride, also did not affect the pattern of the nocturnal PRL surge when administered intravenously between 2315 h on Day 2 and 0515 h on Day 3. Subcutaneous injection of pimozide (1 mg/kg), a dopaminergic antagonist, just after the administration of atropine sulfate (700 mg/kg) given at 0000 h on Day 3 overcame the inhibitory effect of the later compound on the nocturnal PRL surge. However, the high levels of plasma PRL concentration still remained at 0700 h and 0900 h on Day 3 without any decrease as observed in the controls. These results suggest that the cholinergic system may be involved as a modulator in controlling physiological mechanism(s) of the nocturnal PRL surge in pseudopregnant rats. PMID- 6617925 TI - Swelling in the knee. PMID- 6617926 TI - Differential diagnosis of the polycythemias. PMID- 6617927 TI - Update: peptic ulcer disease. PMID- 6617928 TI - Streptococcal pharyngitis in children. PMID- 6617929 TI - Blood lactate, hepatic histology and microsomal enzyme activity in non-insulin dependent diabetics. AB - The relationship between blood lactate levels, liver histology and microsomal enzyme activity (cytochrome P-450 content) was assessed in 32 non-insulin dependent diabetics (NIDD) undergoing diagnostic liver biopsy. Fasting blood lactate was related to liver histology and the mean was in the low normal range in the diabetics with an intact liver, whereas higher values were noted in the diabetics with a fatty liver, inflammatory changes and an increase in fibrous trabeculae. Similarly, in the diabetics with an abnormal liver, there was a tendency for pyruvate to be elevated, and body weights and serum insulin concentrations were higher than in the NIDD with an intact liver. P-450 was inversely related to liver histology and its content was reduced in association with increases in fat and fibrous tissues. P-450 was significantly correlated with lactate (rs -0.79), pyruvate (rs -0.65) and serum insulin (rs -0.53). The results revealed close associations between blood lactate, hepatic structure and microsomal enzyme activity, and emphasize that liver function is an important consideration when lactate metabolism is evaluated in NIDD. PMID- 6617930 TI - Study of isolated mitochondria incubated with labelled and non-labelled alloxan, with regard to intramitochondrial concentrations of reduced glutathione and inorganic phosphate. AB - Isotope technique and determination of the intramitochondrial concentration of GSH were used with the aim of studying the uptake of alloxan in isolated mouse mitochondria. A significantly decreased concentration of GSH was observed in mitochondria from liver and pancreas incubated with alloxan. This effect was significantly more marked in mitochondria depleted of Pi. Increased radioactivity was found in isolated mitochondria from liver, exocrine pancreas and endocrine pancreas incubated with 14C-2-alloxan. Even this effect was significantly more marked in Pi depleted mitochondria. Isolated liver mitochondria of the KsJ-strain of C57BL-mice possessed a significantly lower concentration of endogenous Pi than those of the 6J-strain. The findings support the view that alloxan can pass across the inner mitochondrial membrane, and suggest that the intramitochondrial concentration of Pi is one of the factors which has an influence on the uptake of alloxan in isolated mouse mitochondria. PMID- 6617932 TI - Ambulation and delayed amniotomy in the first stage of labor. AB - Our purpose was to study the feasibility and results of encouraging ambulation during the first stage of labor in routine obstetric practice. Six-hundred and thirty low risk mothers with intact membranes were randomized into an ambulant and a control group. The results in the ambulant group were not better than in the control group. Our study suggests that, in principle ambulation may be beneficial, but that the concomitant changes in practice should be different from those in our study. PMID- 6617931 TI - Free and total carnitine in human serum after oral ingestion of L-carnitine. AB - Twelve students with in apparent good health and fasting since the previous evening ingested 2 g of L-carnitine on one day and a placebo on another day in a single-blind trial. Six blood samples were taken during the 24 h following the ingestion. Their blood carnitine levels increased (the free form by 81%, and the total by 57%) to a maximum at about 3.5 h and then slowly decreased. Twenty-four hours after ingestion, blood carnitine concentrations had still not returned to their initial levels. In the time interval where the decay curve approximated a single exponential, the half-life of the carnitine appeared to be of the order of 15 h. During the 24 h after the administration of the 2 g of L-carnitine, 7% +/- 1% of it was eliminated in the urine. This work suggest that the daily administration during a long period, of 2 g of L-carnitine guarantee in a healthy subject blood carnitine concentrations superior to the normal levels. Its remains to determine if the dose is sufficient in the case where L-carnitine is given to ameliorate a primary or secondary lack of carnitine, or to lower a high level of lipids in blood. PMID- 6617933 TI - Morphological characteristics and protein profile of isolated human decidual cells. AB - Isolated decidual cells were prepared from human decidual tissue obtained during early pregnancy by digesting the tissue fragments with 0.1% collagenase solution. Morphological studies of the cells were carried out using morphometric and flow cytometric analysis while the protein profile was analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration column chromatography. An average of 90% cell viability was achieved and the results showed that decidual cells constitute up to 70% of cell number and 89% of cell area of the isolated decidual cell suspension. The presence of serum proteins in uterine tissue extracts is due to blood contamination. However, the similarities of the non-serum protein profiles in tissue and cellular extracts validates previous studies performed in uterine fluids and tissue extracts. Finally, at least one unique uterine protein appeared to be a sub-unit of a larger molecule. PMID- 6617934 TI - Primary pulmonary hypertension and pregnancy. AB - To the best of our knowledge no recent literature on pregnancy in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension is available. In this case report a patient is presented who possibly suffered from primary pulmonary hypertension. The clinical course is described and some data from the literature are presented. The patient died post partum probably due to this disease; however, the postmortem examination, which undoubtedly could have proven this, was refused. PMID- 6617935 TI - The significance of single sporadic deceleration during a nonstress test. AB - The significance of single sporadic deceleration occurring during antepartum fetal heart rate monitoring was assessed. Single sporadic deceleration was defined as a drop of fetal heart rate of at least 40 bpm below baseline lasting for at least 2 min. During the year 1980, 7202 nonstress tests (NST) were performed in pregnant patients, with gestational ages ranging from 32-42 wk. Among these, 62 cases of single sporadic deceleration were observed. In 48 of these cases the single sporadic deceleration was followed by a normal reactive NST. In 14 patients NST following the single sporadic deceleration was non reactive. In those cases oxytocin challenge test (OCT) was performed and was negative in 10 and positive in 4 cases. In the latter 4 patients labor was induced and all required cesarean section because of severe fetal distress. The remaining 58 women were followed up at the High-Risk Pregnancy Unit until spontaneous labor began, their deliveries were monitored throughout. In 8 cases out of the 58, fetal distress was observed during labor and in 4 of them cesarean section was required. The occurrence of single sporadic deceleration at gestational ages 32-42 wk is not an alarming sign providing the NST and/or O.C.T. are normal. However, the incidence of fetal distress during labor is significantly higher in fetuses with single sporadic deceleration as compared to the normal parturient population. PMID- 6617936 TI - Assessment of the predictive value of X-ray pelvimetry and biparietal diameter in cephalopelvic disproportion. AB - The value of X-ray pelvimetry and ultrasonic measurement of the biparietal diameter for trial of labor prognosis was assessed in 172 healthy primiparas with suspected cephalopelvic disproportion. A decision diagram which is able to correctly predict 50% of the cesarean sections without increasing the number of unnecessary cesarean sections is proposed. In addition, the study confirms the superfluity of X-ray pelvimetry in cases of high station of the fetal head at the end of pregnancy. PMID- 6617937 TI - Effect of estradiol benzoate on reproductive organs and fertility in the male rat. AB - The effects of estradiol benzoate (E2B) at a dose of 50 micrograms/day per rat for 7, 15 and 24 days on some androgenic parameters, viz. organ weights including those of pituitary, succinate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, fructose, cholesterol and protein of epididymis, vas deferens, accessory glands and fertility in male rats were investigated. The semen characteristics and standard electron microscopy (SEM) study on sperm morphology of cauda epididymis were also carried out. The results revealed that most of the androgenic parameters were decreased by E2B administration, whereas the accumulation of cholesterol and protein occurred in testis and epididymis due to androgen deprivation to target organs. This deprivation effect also led to a reduction in testicular and cauda epididymal sperm population, loss of motility in the latter and an increase in number of abnormal spermatozoa, thereby manifesting 100% failure in fertility in treated animals. Moreover, these effects were related to the duration of the treatment. Thus, the estradiol benzoate showed androgen antagonistic and antifertility effects in rats. PMID- 6617938 TI - VIIIth European Congress of Perinatal Medicine. Brussels, 7-10 September, 1982. Proceedings. PMID- 6617939 TI - Prenatal care 1982. PMID- 6617940 TI - Parental bereavement in the perinatal period. PMID- 6617941 TI - Bacterial infections in the perinatal period. PMID- 6617942 TI - Multiple pregnancy: current obstetric and pediatric aspects. PMID- 6617943 TI - The very-low-birthweight infants: challenges and dilemmas. PMID- 6617944 TI - Evaluation of perinatal care. PMID- 6617945 TI - Intracranial haemorrhage. PMID- 6617946 TI - Pain in labour. PMID- 6617947 TI - Breast-feeding and human milk. PMID- 6617948 TI - What's new in perinatal care? PMID- 6617949 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of a alpha 2-beta 1-glycoprotein from horse plasma. AB - A alpha 2-beta 1-glycoprotein was isolated from horse plasma by classical methods. The final product appeared homogeneous by agarose gel and pore limit SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis and crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The protein moved in agarose gel electrophoresis just above the beta 1 region and seemed composed of a single polypeptide chain. A highly heterogenic banding pattern, focused between pH 5.1 and 6.5 was revealed by isoelectric focusing. The molecular weights determined by gel filtration on Sephadex G100 and by a pore limit polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in presence of SDS were 65,000 and 82,300 dalton, respectively. No serological relation was found between the horse alpha 2-beta 1-glycoprotein and human and bovine plasma proteins. PMID- 6617950 TI - Carboxylesterases in primate brain: characterization of multiple forms. AB - Carboxylesterase activity of primate brain (Macaca mulatta) was determined using phenyl valerate (PV) as substrate. Eight carboxylesterases of primate brain were characterized in respect to PV-hydrolysing activity and to their inhibition rate constants for the reaction with organophosphorus compounds. Carboxylesterase III was identified as neurotoxic esterase (NTE). Organophosphate inhibition data of primate acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) and of primate cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) were determined and are compared to corresponding data of primate brain carboxylesterases. Physiological functions, clinical and toxicological significance of primate brain carboxylesterases are discussed. PMID- 6617951 TI - Iron ion induced haemolysis: effect of caeruloplasmin, albumin and ascorbate (vitamin C). AB - Human caeruloplasmin (ferroxidase), bovine serum albumin and ascorbate protected washed rat erythrocytes against iron ion stimulated haemolysis, while superoxide dismutase, catalase and other scavengers of "activated oxygen" species had little or no effect. Caeruloplasmin retained its protective action when its oxidase activity was completely inhibited by azide, and when its copper ions had been removed. The effect of caeruloplasmin, apocaeruloplasmin and albumin could not be attributed to a binding of iron ions to protein molecules. PMID- 6617952 TI - 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase from neonatal chick. AB - The optimal conditions for identification of mevalonic acid as the product of 3 hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase are described, as well as the effect of different buffer constituents on the enzyme activity. Under the chosen assay conditions, reductase activity from neonatal chick liver increased with the incubation time up to 60 min and was proportional to the amounts of protein added in a range of 0.1-0.5 mg. The specific activity was maximal in brain and liver and lower in intestine of 6-day-old chicks. Thermostability of hepatic reductase was studied. When microsomal preparations were maintained at 4 degrees C, reductase activity remained unchanged for 6 hr and decreased afterwards. Addition of 50 mM KF to the homogenization medium had no effect on the reductase activity. Similarly, preincubation of microsomal preparations with 105,000 g supernatants in the presence or absence of KF did not significantly increase the reductase activity. These results suggest that HMG-CoA reductase was isolated from neonatal chick in the fully activated form. PMID- 6617953 TI - Arginase, ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase in chicken brain and retina. AB - Arginase, ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase are active in both retina and brain. Activity is higher in cerebellum than in the cerebral hemispheres and optical lobes. Arginase and ornithine decarboxylase are very active in the retina of very young chicks, while S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase is poorly active. By contrast, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase is much more active in brain. The pattern of activity during development is different; only ornithine decarboxylase is very active during embryonal life; S adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, at all events in brain, is more active in adult life. Ornithine decarboxylase is inhibited in vitro by alpha difluoromethylornithine, but not in vivo. Diaminopropane inhibits brain ornithine decarboxylase, but does not induce an ornithine decarboxylase-antizyme. Methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) promotes an increase of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity in both the brain and the retina in vivo. PMID- 6617954 TI - Labelling pattern of the nonhistone chromosomal proteins in quiescent and dividing Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. AB - Upon pulse-labelling with [14C]protein hydrolizate both in dividing and quiescent Ehrlich ascites tumour (EAT) cells the nonhistone chromosomal (NHC) proteins had uniform specific radioactivity with few exceptions: Both in quiescent and dividing EAT cells a polypeptide with molecular weight of about 200 kdalton had specific radioactivity 2-3 times lower than that of the most of the NHC proteins. In the actively proliferating cells a group of proteins with molecular weights between 45 and 65 kdalton had 2-3 times higher specific radioactivity than most of the NHC proteins. In quiescent cells the specific radioactivity of a group of proteins with molecular weights in the range 18-25 kdalton was 3-4 times higher than that of the rest of the NHC proteins. PMID- 6617955 TI - Release of leucine and isoleucine metabolites by perfused skeletal muscle and liver of rat. AB - The oxidation of leucine, isoleucine and the corresponding 2-ketoacids was studied in perfused hindquarter and liver of rat. The metabolites from these compounds released into the perfusate were identified by anion exchange chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Muscle perfused in the presence of leucine accumulated ketoleucine (2-ketoisocaproate) and isovalerate, while perfusion with isoleucine resulted in ketoisoleucine (2-keto-3 methylvalerate) and 2-methylbutyrate. Octanoate stimulated the oxidation of the branched-chain amino acids. The fatty acid did not change the amount of branched chain 2-keto acids released into the perfusate, but increased the output from the muscle of the oxidation products isovalerate (from leucine) and 2-methylbutyrate (from isoleucine). Rat liver perfused with ketoleucine released mainly ketone bodies and small quantities of 3-hydroxyisovalerate while ketoisoleucine resulted mainly in release of lactate and ketone bodies. Accumulation of metabolites from the branched-chain amino acids is discussed in relation to the metabolism of the amino acids in skeletal muscle and liver of rat. PMID- 6617956 TI - Chicken heart citrate synthase: some mechanism studies. AB - Some mechanism studies on chicken and pig citrate synthase are described. Gibacron Blue F3GA apparently binds into both the oxaloacetate and the acetyl-CoA subsites of the enzyme. Protection by ligands against urea-induced denaturation indicates that several di(tri)-carboxylic acids bind into the oxaloacetate subsite, whereas ATP, but not Mg2+ ATP, binds into the acetyl-CoA subsite. Oxaloacetate, citrate and D-malate induce a transconformation in the enzyme, whereas alpha-ketoglutarate, L-malate and succinate do not. PMID- 6617958 TI - Effect of castration on the metabolism of androgens in rat skeletal muscle. AB - The metabolic conversion of testosterone and 17 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-andro-stan-3 one by cell fractions from skeletal muscle was examined. Little or no conversion of testosterone to 17 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-androstan-3-one is observed with any skeletal muscle fraction studied. The cytosol from all muscles examined contained substantial levels of the enzyme 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase, which converts 17 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-androstan-3-one to 5 alpha-androstane-3,17 beta diol. The Km of the reaction in the three muscles (extensor digitorum longus, soleus and levator ani) is in the order of 3-6 X 10(-6) M. Following castration, there is no significant change in the Km value of this reaction in any of the muscles. The Vmax of the conversion in the extensor digitorum longus and soleus are similar (in the order of 2.0 X 10(-11) mol/mg per min) and castration has no significant effect on Vmax in either of these muscles. Vmax is significantly lower for the levator ani (3.4 X 10(-12) mol/mg per min) than for the extensor digitorum longus and soleus. Following castration the Vmax for the levator ani undergoes a significant rise which peaks at 3 days. PMID- 6617957 TI - Nucleotide concentrations in cellular tissues during potassium and magnesium deficiency. AB - Potassium deficiency reduced the concentrations of ATP and GTP in rat thigh muscle but not in liver. The concentrations of UTP, CTP and the UDP-sugar derivatives with glucose, galactose and N-acetylglucosamine in liver were all increased. Magnesium deficiency, however, had little effect on the nucleotide concentrations in liver. PMID- 6617959 TI - The presence of phospholipase A and lysophospholipase activities in culture supernatant fluid from Alteromonas espejiana. AB - Culture supernatants from late Log phase cultures of Alteromonas espejiana hydrolyzed phosphatidylinositol to glycerylphosphorylinositol and free fatty acid. No lysophosphatidylimositol was detected. The phospholipase activity degraded up to 50% of the substrate and displayed a broad pH optimum from 6.5 8.5. The activity was slightly stimulated in the presence of either Mg2+ or Ca2+, but was not inhibited by EDTA. The apparent Km for phosphatidylinositol was 1.5 mM. Culture supernatants also contained deacylating activity which released fatty acid from phosphatidylcholine and erythrocyte ghosts. PMID- 6617960 TI - The effect of phospholipid bilayers on AMP-deaminase from rat tissues. AB - The ATP-activated adenylate deaminase (EC 3.5.4.6) from the rat heart, kidney, spleen, liver and brain showed a mixed-type allosteric activation under the influence of phosphatidylcholine-containing liposomes, but no effect was observed on the non-activated enzyme isolated from all these tissues but the brain. The brain enzyme was activated by the liposomes also in the absence of ATP. No effect of the phosphatidylcholine-containing liposomes could be shown on the adenylate deaminase isolated from skeletal muscle and red blood cells. The phosphatidate containing liposomes exerted an inhibitory effect on the enzyme isolated from the heart, kidney and brain, being without effect on the enzyme from skeletal muscle. PMID- 6617961 TI - Steroid receptors in human endometrium. Comparison of data obtained by three different methods. AB - To find a method for steroid receptor measurement in small endometrial tissue samples (less than 100 mg), an isoelectric focusing assay has been compared with a dextran-coated charcoal assay for oestradiol receptor. The results correlated well (r = 0.85) and this indicates that isoelectric focusing is a good technique for oestradiol receptor determination. Te isoelectric focusing of progesterone receptor has been compared with a dextran-coated charcoal assay and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Isoelectric focusing gave recoveries of 0-26% compared to receptor values obtained with the two other methods, which correlated well (r = 0.97). The low recovery implies that the isoelectric focusing assay is not suitable for progesterone receptor determination. PMID- 6617962 TI - The fatty acids of Trypanosoma vivax. AB - A study was carried out to determine the lipid composition of the blood-stream form of the African trypanosome. Trypanosoma vivax. Data from thin layer chromatography showed that the major polar lipids were lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and diphosphatidylglycerol. The major neutral lipids were sterol, monoacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, free fatty acid and triacyglycerol. 16:0, 18:0, 18:1 and 18:2 constituted the major fatty acids of both the polar and neutral lipid fractions. The work constituted the first detailed study on the fatty acid composition of this African trypanosome. PMID- 6617963 TI - The stimulatory effect of oleate on citrulline formation from carbamoyl phosphate and ornithine in rat-liver mitochondria: the relation to ornithine uptake. AB - The effect of oleate, palmitate and octanoate on citrulline formation from carbamoyl phosphate nad ornithine was studied in rat liver mitochondria. In intact mitochondria, Oleate stimulated citrulline production for about 100%, while palmitate increased the rate of this process only for about 20-30% and octanoate had no significant effect. All the fatty acids studied did not change the rate of citrulline synthesis in sonicated mitochondria. Oleate increased significantly the mitochondrial ornithine uptake. The data indicate that the stimulatory effect of oleate on citrulline formation via ornithine carbamoyltransferase may be due to an increase of mitochondrial ornithine uptake. PMID- 6617964 TI - Cuvette and flow system for simultaneous determination of optical density and oxygen concentration. AB - The major components of the device for semiautomatic measurement of oxygen consumption and optical density changes are a thermostated glass reservoir of 50 250 ml for the reaction mixture, a roller pump to transport the reaction mixture from the reservoir into the measuring cuvette, and a stoppered glass cuvette equipped with a Clark type electrode. The glass cuvette (0.525 ml) is square shaped (the interior section 6 X 6 mm). The lower part housing the magnetic stirrer has a side aperture for the oxygen electrode. The upper part of the cuvette is cylinder shaped. The stopper is fitted in this part. The stopper made of lucite protrudes 15 mm into the cuvette. The access and the removal of the reaction mixture to/from the cuvette is ensured by three different channels machinated into the body of the stopper. The device adaptable to Eppendorf spectralline photometer may be used in the study of oxidative phosphorylation on intact mitochondria or submitochondrial particles, or of any oxygen consuming system in which one reagent or reaction product can be monitored photometrically. PMID- 6617965 TI - Models for adaptive changes in cell membranes. PMID- 6617967 TI - Adaptive responses of fish membranes to altered environmental temperature. PMID- 6617966 TI - Adaptive changes in membrane-transport systems of hibernators. PMID- 6617968 TI - Adaptive changes in yeast membranes: catabolite repression and oxygen. PMID- 6617969 TI - The effects of light and oxygen on membrane assembly in the photosynthetic bacteria. PMID- 6617970 TI - Adaptive changes in the lipids of higher-plant membranes. PMID- 6617971 TI - Structure--function relationships of NAD+- and NADP+-dependent dehydrogenases with particular reference to the three-dimensional structure of 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. PMID- 6617972 TI - Human antibody genes in normal and abnormal lymphocytes. PMID- 6617973 TI - Structural analysis of abnormal haemoglobins found in the Chinese population. PMID- 6617974 TI - Novel electrochemical sensors for clinical analysis. PMID- 6617975 TI - The exploitation of the electrochemistry of proteins. PMID- 6617976 TI - Survey of drug-metabolizing enzymes. PMID- 6617977 TI - Variants of human microsomal enzymes. PMID- 6617978 TI - Mono-oxygenase expression in primary foetal-rat hepatocytes in culture. PMID- 6617979 TI - The genetic relationships and inducibility of soluble glutathione transferases of the rat liver. PMID- 6617980 TI - Anaesthesia with continuous thiopentone infusion, epidural morphine and relaxant. AB - Twenty-three patients undergoing surgery below T.6 dermatome were anaesthetized with epidural morphine 20 mg in 15 ml of saline, thiopentone drip 0.04-0.1 mg/kg/min. and pancuronium 0.1 mg/kg. The patients had satisfactory analgesia intra-operatively. Post-operative analgesia lasted for varying periods ranging from 13 hours to 24 hours and above. The cardiovascular system was stable. Post epidural morphine complications of respiratory depression (three patients), urinary retention (one patient) and pruritus (one patient) were seen and they were managed successfully. PMID- 6617981 TI - Pattern of lecithin-cholesterol-acyl-transferase (L-CAT) activity in the course of liver cirrhosis. AB - Considering liver cirrhosis a limit model, and therefore a condition suitable for the analysis of changes of lipid metabolism in liver disorders generally, the authors examined the L-CAT pattern, total and free cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and APO-A in sixty-five subjects; fifty-three were suffering from liver cirrhosis, and were subdivided into those who were diabetic in addition, and those who were not, as well as according to the severity and duration of the liver disease; the remaining twelve were healthy controls. Analysis of the findings showed L-CAT to diminish significantly as the metabolic changes due to liver injury worsen. Contrary to the other parameters studied, L-CAT was the only one for which significant changes were found on analysis of variance comparing non-diabetic cirrhotics of varying severity. Further comparison suggested the idea that the reduction of L-CAT activity was correlated to the rate of progression of the disease rather than to the temporary condition of compensation or decompensation, so much so as to suggest itself as a valid parameter for the prognosis of liver cirrhosis. PMID- 6617982 TI - Open safety-in-use trial of a new high-potency antacid product. AB - In an open safety-in-use study, the subjective effectiveness and taste acceptability of a new high-potency antacid product were compared to previous treatment in 109 patients presenting with upper gastro-intestinal disorders of functional origin. Severity of the dominant symptoms prior to treatment was compared with that of symptoms present during treatment. Sixty-seven per cent to 73% of upper gastro-intestinal tract symptoms were completely relieved. Eighty three per cent versus 48% of patients seen in a private practice setting, as compared with the speciality practice, reported good to excellent results, with 92% versus 56% describing good to excellent taste acceptability. When compared with previous antacid therapy, 70% of the patients preferred the new high-potency formulation to the regular-strength products, for both effectiveness and taste. The incidence of product-related side-effects was low, with only 6.7% experiencing the diarrhoea or loose stools commonly associated with conventional products containing magnesium hydroxide. PMID- 6617983 TI - Effects of intravenous high doses of ketoprofen on blood clotting, bleeding time and platelet aggregation in man. AB - The effect of ketoprofen (Orudis, Farmitalia) on ADP, epinephrine (EPI) and collagen (COLL) induced platelet aggregation (PlA), simplate bleeding time (SBT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT) and per cent prothrombin activity (PrA) was studied in eleven patients, four males and seven females (median age 59 years) with rheumatoid arthritis (six cases), cancer (four cases) and osteoarthrosis (one case). Tests were performed before and 1, 8 and 24 hours after a single intravenous dose (600 mg) of ketoprofen and on Days 4 and 8 during a 7-day treatment (200 mg i.v. every 8 hours) and 1 day after withdrawal of the drug. PTT and PrA were not affected by the drug. Bleeding time was not significantly modified by the acute treatment, but was prolonged during the subacute course, though it was not different from baseline values at the end of the trial. Significant reduction of platelet aggregation was seen in both acute and subacute conditions with complete or almost complete recovery 36 hours after the last dose. It is concluded that ketoprofen affects platelets with readily reversible inhibition of in vitro aggregation and a slight increase of bleeding time. PMID- 6617984 TI - [Effects of melatonin administration to rats upon different parameters of the offspring]. AB - Administration of melatonin at the 250 micrograms/ml dose by intraperitoneal injection to adult female rats, during a month before mating and throughout the whole pregnancy, inhibited both the fetuses' growth and the ovarian weight of the daughters and did not modify the testes weight of the sons. Adrenal gland weight of the sons of blinded female rats is lower for this group than for the sons of both control and melatonin treated rats. Daughters of blinded rats in this group showed vaginal opening before that in the control: a statistically significant difference. PMID- 6617985 TI - [Consumption of alcohol over a long period and the oxidative metabolism of nervous and glandular structures associated with sexual activity]. AB - The aim of the present work is to find out whether nervous structures (hypothalamus, hypophysis, septal area, amygdala, caudate nucleus, anterior cortex (latero-frontal), posterior cortex (latero-occipital); and the glandular structures (testicles, adrenal gland, and seminal vesicle) involved in the regulation of the sexual behaviour of the male rat, are altered after an alcohol intake extending over 36 generations. The animals were killed by decapitation immediately after the sexual behaviour test was carried out. Then the oxidative metabolism (manometric technique) and the weight of the structures mentioned above were examined. The statistical analysis of the results showed that prolonged intake of alcohol over a period of 36 generations produces a significant increase in the consumption of O2 where the ventromedial hypothalamus, septal area, hypophysis, amygdala, caudate nucleus, and anterior cortex are concerned; whereas a significant decrease in the weight of testicles, hypophysis, and adrenal gland was observed. However the weight of the seminal vesicles underwent a significant increase after intake over a long period of ethanol when it was compared with its respective control. In view of these results the influence of alcohol on the oxidative metabolism of the lymbical structures is discussed, as is also the effect of alcohol on the reproductive system of these animals. PMID- 6617986 TI - [Study of pregnancies in women with intrauterine devices of copper]. AB - The authors analyze the intrauterine pregnancies observed in women with four different models of copper IUD. The study was made in a period of 54 months on 3216 insertions. The pregnancy index oscillated between 1.22 of the ML Cu-250 and 4.13 of the 7 Cu-200 (balanced percentage). The permanence of the IUD "in situ" in pregnant women increased the incidence of spontaneous abortions. The authors do not observe infections in pregnant women with the IUD, nor do they register malformations in the newborn. PMID- 6617987 TI - The program of protein synthesis during the development of the micromere-primary mesenchyme cell line in the sea urchin embryo. AB - Changes in the pattern of protein synthesis were analyzed during the in vitro development of the micromere-primary mesenchyme cell line of the sea urchin embryo. Micromeres were isolated and cultured from 16-cell stage embryos, and primary mesenchyme cells were isolated and cultured from early gastrulae. Both cell isolates developed normally in culture with about the same timing as their in situ counterparts in control embryos. Newly synthesized proteins were labeled with [3H]valine at several stages of development and were analyzed by two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography. The electrophoretic pattern of labeled proteins changed dramatically during development. More than half of the analyzed proteins underwent qualitative or quantitative changes in their relative rates of valine incorporation and these changes were highly specific to this cell line. Almost all of the changes were initiated prior to gastrulation and many prior to hatching. The highest frequency of changes in the micromere pattern of protein synthesis occurred between hatching and the start of gastrulation. this peak of activity coincided with the normal time of ingression of the primary mesenchyme and preceded the differentiation of spicules by more than 30 hr. Most of the observed changes were characterized as either decreases in the synthesis of proteins that showed maximum incorporation at the 16-cell stage or increases in the synthesis of proteins that showed maxima in the fully differentiated cells. Very few proteins exhibited transient synthetic maxima at intermediate stages. Thus, the program of protein synthesis associated with the development of micromeres consists largely of a switch in emphasis from early to late proteins, with the primary time of switching being between hatching and the onset of grastrulation. PMID- 6617988 TI - Microsurgical analysis of the clonal age and the cell-cycle stage required for the onset of autogamy in Paramecium tetraurelia. AB - When autogamy was induced in competent cells of Paramecium tetraurelia by depriving them of food, the onset of autogamy was preceded by a critical fission which occurred in the starvation medium. When the cells were fed again immediately after the fission, they did not undergo autogamy. However, they did undergo autogamy when they were fed later than 1 hr after the critical fission. The irreversible differentiation for autogamy seems to be at about 1 hr after the critical fission. This procedure thus provides the opportunity to induce autogamy synchronously. The result of macronuclear transplantation demonstrated that autogamy was under the control of macronucleus. Moreover, the clonal age required for autogamy was found to be shortened by repetitive elimination of a part of the macronucleus. The result can be explained by the hypothesis that clonal age is measured in rounds of chromosome replication or DNA synthesis rather than cell divisions. PMID- 6617989 TI - Internal pH of Xenopus oocytes: a study of the mechanism and role of pH changes during meiotic maturation. AB - The internal pH (pHi) of Xenopus laevis oocytes, as measured by the DMO method, covered a broad range of values from 7.06 +/- 0.01 to 7.93 +/- 0.01, with a mean value of 7.43 +/- 0.03. The pHi measured by DMO and microelectrodes was nearly identical in control and maturing oocytes from the same batch. The oocytes from most females elevated their pHi in response to progesterone, reaching a maximum elevation of 0.30 +/- 0.03 pH units above control values at 100% germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). However, some females were found to contain oocytes that already had an elevated pHi of 7.71 +/- 0.03 which did not significantly increase during maturation. Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hcG)-stimulated females had oocytes with slightly higher control pHi values than oocytes from nonstimulated females but still showed the same elevation in response to progesterone. Thus, the "stimulated" state of oocyte physiology as induced by hcG did not account for the variation in control pHi and responsiveness to progesterone. Other aspects of this variability are discussed. Elevating or lowering the external pH is shown to elevate and lower pHi, respectively, in a stable and predictable manner. Using this approach to change pHi we have found no effect of changes in pHi on the rate of protein synthesis in control and maturing oocytes. Similarly, pHi had only a slight facilitating effect on the rate of GVBD. A pH indicator gel was used to demonstrate that the pHi increase during oocyte maturation involved an acid efflux. We conclude that an elevated pHi is not necessary for oocyte maturation, yet the mechanism of the pHi elevation is discussed as a possible lead to events that are necessary. PMID- 6617990 TI - Organotypic differentiation of trypsin-dissociated fetal rat intestine. AB - These studies examined the potential for reorganization and differentiation of dissociated 18-day fetal rat intestine. Cultures of trypsin-dissociated fetal intestine were maintained in vitro for 1 week on a three-dimensional matrix, then transplanted into syngeneic hosts. When harvested after 4 weeks, these transplants consistently demonstrated organotypic differentiation. Spherical structures containing crypts with frequent mitotic figures and villi lined with columnar epithelium had formed. PAS staining demonstrated positive epithelial cell brush borders, goblet cells, and luminal contents. Significant levels of the microvillus membrane enzymes lactase, sucrase, maltase, and alkaline phosphatase were present in the luminal contents. Sucrase-isomaltase, an enzyme characteristic of postweaning small intestine, was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation and SDS-PAGE. Thus, both morphological and biochemical maturation occurred in the transplants. PMID- 6617991 TI - Transcripts of paternal and maternal actin gene alleles are present in interspecific sea urchin embryo hybrids. AB - Analysis of actin-coding RNAs in interspecific hybrid sea urchin embryos of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and Lytechinus variegatus, and S. purpuratus and S. droebachienis has revealed the presence of transcripts from both paternal and maternal S. purpuratus actin gene alleles. In the L. variegatus female X S. purpuratus male embryos transcripts from at least two different paternal actin gene alleles are present in both the blastula and prism stages. In the reciprocal S. purpuratus female X L. variegatus male embryos, the same two maternal (S. purpuratus) alleles were also expressed as RNA in blastula. The S. droebachiensis female X S. purpuratus male embryos appear to contain transcripts from at least one paternal actin gene allele at the blastula stage. The paternally derived actin-coding RNAs are the same size as the mature actin mRNAs expressed in normal S. purpuratus embryos. Since all known S. purpuratus actin genes contain at least two introns, the paternal alleles are not only transcribed in the hybrid embryos, but also the primary transcripts are probably processed to mature mRNA. An explanation of the diversity of observations in the literature on paternal genome expression in hybrid sea urchin embryos is discussed. PMID- 6617992 TI - Cell-cell contact modulation of myosin organization in the early mouse embryo. AB - Preimplantation mouse embryos are characterized by a polarized distribution of cortical myosin (J. S. Sobel (1983). Dev. Biol. 95, 227-231.). Myosin was present in the peripheral regions of the blastomers and was not detectable in regions of cell contact. Disaggregation of the embryos yielded blastomeres which had a continuous layer of cortical myosin. Development of new contact relations in aggregates, between daughter cells of divided blastomeres, and in chimaeras resulted in renewed polarization of cortical myosin. The results indicate that continuous cell contact interaction modulates the distribution of myosin throughout the preimplantation stages of development. The loss of detectable myosin from regions of cell contact was correlated with development of cell contacts that remained stable after Triton X-100 extraction. PMID- 6617993 TI - Protein synthesis during Ilyanassa organogenesis. AB - The proteins labeled by normal and lobeless embryos of Ilyanassa obsoleta incubated in [35S]methionine during early and late organogenesis were shown by two-dimensional electrophoresis to be qualitatively equivalent. It is concluded that these polypeptides are part of the ubiquitous proteins required for cellular maintenance and that they are not uniquely associated with the differentiation of any specific organ or structure. PMID- 6617994 TI - Possible involvement of calmodulin in maturation and activation of Chaetopterus eggs. AB - We report the isolation of calmodulin from oocytes of Chaetopterus pergamentaceus. The identification of this protein is based on (1) activation of beef heart cAMP phosphodiesterase, (2) heat stability, (3) sensitivity to chlorpromazine, and (4) electrophoretic mobility identical to that of porcine brain calmodulin after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of either Ca2+ or EGTA. We treated oocytes with chlorpromazine and W-7 to investigate the involvement of calmodulin in meiosis initiation and egg activation. Very low concentrations of chlorpromazine inhibited germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). This effect was shown to be dependent upon bright indirect light, since the drug was much less effective at GVBD inhibition under conditions of very low illumination. Higher concentrations of chlorpromazine and W-7 (100 microM) inhibited GVBD and activated eggs with intact germinal vesicles as determined by fertilization envelope formation and the onset of ameboid activity. Neither egg activation nor inhibition of calmodulin stimulation of phosphodiesterase activity in vitro was affected by light. These results are consistent with a role for calmodulin in egg activation and GVBD, but suggest that chlorpromazine in bright light may prevent GVBD by some mechanism other than calmodulin inhibition. PMID- 6617995 TI - Hormonal control of rates of metamorphic development in the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta. AB - The rate of metamorphosis in Manduca appears to be under continuous regulation by the circulating titer of the ecdysteroids. Ecdysteroids promote development during the first third of adult differentiation. We present here several lines of evidence indicating that the role of the ecdysteroids then changes to being inhibitory during the later stages of adult differentiation. Abdomen ligation, which precipitously reduces the levels of ecdysteroids in the abdomen, accelerates the rates of tissue development in this region. This acceleration can be counteracted by ecdysteroid injection or by implantation of prothoracic glands. Infusion of ecdysteroids into insects late in development results in a dose-dependent depression in the rate of subsequent development. The effectiveness of a given dosage of steroid is dependent on the developmental stage, with older animals being more affected. Last, the normal ecdysteroid titer declines in a stepwise fashion over the last 3 days of development and these steps are paralleled by a drop-off in the effectiveness of abdomen ligation over this same period. It is concluded that this effect of the ecdysteroids late in development provides a mechanism to ensure that the various tissues of the insect complete metamorphosis in a coordinated fashion. PMID- 6617996 TI - Extracellular matrix and the maintenance of the differentiated state: proteoglycans synthesized by replated chondrocytes and nonchondrocytes. AB - It has been previously shown that undifferentiated stage 23 to 24 chick limb bud mesenchymal cells can be maintained in culture under conditions which promote chondrogenesis. As the chondrocytes mature in vitro, their proteoglycan synthesis progresses through a specific and reproducible biosynthetic program. By the eighth day of culture, the chondrocytes are making proteoglycans that are similar to proteoglycans isolated from adult animal tissues. Relative to the Day 8 proteoglycans, the proteoglycans synthesized by chick limb bud chondrocytes earlier in culture have a smaller monomer size, longer chondroitin sulfate chains, shorter keratan sulfate chains, a higher ratio of chondroitin-6-sulfate to chondroitin-4-sulfate, and a decreased ability to interact with hyaluronic acid. We have reported a procedure to remove the cells from Day 8 cultures and strip away most, if not all, of the extracellular matrix. In addition, the chondrocytes can be separated from the 40-50% nonchondrocytic cells normally found in Day 8 cultures, and the two cell populations replated separately. This report describes the analysis of the proteoglycans synthesized by replated cells; this analysis demonstrates quantitative and qualitative differences between chondrocyte and nonchondrocyte proteoglycans. The overall rate of proteoglycan synthesis is fourfold higher and the rate of synthesis of high buoyant density proteoglycans 30-fold higher for replated chondrocytes relative to nonchondrocytes. Qualitatively, more newly synthesized nonchondrocyte proteoglycans partition at lower buoyant density on CsCl equilibrium density gradients than do chondrocyte proteoglycans. Nonchondrocyte proteoglycans are of two major classes: One has a monomer size slightly smaller than that of Day 8 chondrocyte proteoglycan, but has much longer glycosaminoglycan chains. The other is considerably smaller than Day 8 chondrocyte proteoglycans, but has glycosaminoglycans of slightly larger size. In contrast, replated chondrocytes synthesize, even as soon as 4.5 hr after replating, proteoglycans that are identical to Day 8 chondrocyte proteoglycan in monomer size, in glycosaminoglycan chain size, in aggregability, and in the ratio of 6-sulfated to 4-sulfated chondroitin. Since denuding mature Day 8 chondrocytes of their extracellular matrix does not cause them to recapitulate their developmentally regulated program for the biosynthesis of proteoglycans, it is concluded that the quality of mature chondrocyte proteoglycan is not altered by the absence of extracellular matrix. PMID- 6617997 TI - Differential expression of two abundant messenger RNAs during development of Sarcophaga peregrina. AB - Expression of two abundant mRNAs in the fat body of third instar larvae of Sarcophaga peregrina was studied using genomic clones of storage protein and 25K protein as probes. It was found that these two genes were expressed sequentially in the third instar with a 20-hr interval between their expressions. No amplification of genes was detected during larval development, suggesting that the high level of mRNA was due to efficient transcription. The contents of the two mRNAs in third instar larvae were about the same, although the synthesis of storage protein was much more than that of 25K protein. PMID- 6617998 TI - Evidence for dysfunction in the regulation of cytosolic Ca2+ in excitation contraction uncoupled dysgenic muscle. AB - In noncontracting, dysgenic murine muscle, excitation is uncoupled from contraction. To test whether the gene lesion is expressed as a defect in the regulation of the intracellular free Ca2+ levels, cultured normal and dysgenic muscle at various stages of development (proliferative myoblasts, early, late, and mature myotubes) were exposed to increasing increments (0.5-mM steps) of extracellular Ca2+ in ionophore A23187-Ca2+-EGTA-buffered media. Normal and dysgenic muscle at all stages (except myoblast) displayed contractures at approximately 500 microM free Ca2+ and higher. Experiments using finer increments of Ca2+ and different ionophore concentrations indicated an external Ca2+ threshold for contracture at 265 microM Ca2+ for early and late myotubes and 47 78 microM for mature normal and dysgenic myotubes. Low extracellular concentrations of calcium (14 microM and 0.76 nM) caused elongation of both normal and dysgenic myotubes. Mature cells were depolarized by exposure to increasing extracellular K+ and monitored by intracellular recording; normal and dysgenic myotubes showed similar reductions in membrane potentials. Depolarization to -35 mV elicited contractures in normal myotubes, but even depolarization to -9 mV in dysgenic cells elicited no response. Thus steady-state depolarization of dysgenic muscle does not cause contractures, which can, however, be elicited by increasing the intracellular free Ca2+. These results offer new evidence for a possible defect in the regulation of Ca2+ levels in dysgenic muscle. PMID- 6617999 TI - Changes in intercellular junctions. I. Embryonic chick liver development. AB - Quantitation of junctional changes during development may clarify the relation between intercellular junctions and processes such as cell proliferation, morphogenesis, and cytodifferentiation. Chick embryo hepatocytes at 3 days (stage 21) 6 days (stage 28), 14 days (stage 39) of incubation, and 5 days posthatching showed thymidine-labeling indices of 41 +/- 1, 33 +/- 0.8, 13 +/- 0.04, and 7 +/- 1%, respectively. This decline in mitotic activity was correlated with a gradual increase in amount of cell surface occupied by tight junctions. In early embryonic stages these junctions were characteristically linear or macular in form. At embryonic stages 28 and 39 the anastomosing strands of the tight junction networks characteristically had many free ends while in liver from hatched chicks, tight junction strands frequently ran almost parallel to one another. The area covered by gap junctions increased at embryonic stage 28, then declined with further development. Scanning electron microscopy of developing chick liver showed that the elongated cells of hepatic buds are reorganized into hepatic cords between embryonic stages 21 and 28. Cytochemical demonstration of ATPase at the bile canalicular surface is first apparent at embryonic stage 28 and the cell surface occupied by gap junctions is highest near this time. These findings suggest that modification of proliferative rate or of synthetic activity associated with the maturation of hepatocytes could be correlated with predictable changes in junctional patterns. PMID- 6618000 TI - Changes in intercellular junctions. II. Modulation in embryonic chick liver in vitro by cytosine arabinoside and dexamethasone. AB - We have used an in vitro model to investigate the relationship between cell proliferation, cell maturation, and intercellular junctional changes that are seen during normal liver development. Chick liver fragments of embryonic stages 21, 28, and 39 were grown in organ culture in Medium 199 with 10% bovine serum albumin for 24 hr. Concurrent cultures were treated with cytosine arabinoside (ara-c, 20 micrograms/ml) to inhibit cell proliferation or with dexamethasone (2 microns/ml) to promote cell maturation. Control and treated liver cultures were analyzed using autoradiography to determine labeling index and quantitative computer graphic analysis of freeze-fracture micrographs to evaluate junctional changes. Explants treated with ara-c had a near zero labeling index. Those from embryonic stage 21 showed a 4-fold increase in tight junctional area, while those from embryonic stage 28 showed a 2.5-fold increase in tight junctional area and a 5-fold increase in gap junctional area. In liver of embryonic stage 39, junctional area increased, and conformation of junctions took on the typical form seen in the liver of the hatched chick. Thus high mitotic activity appears to disrupt cell junctions, reducing the amount of junctions present and causing pleomorphic configurations. Junctional area could also be modified with no change in mitotic activity by treatment with dexamethasone. Stage 28 embryo livers in culture with dexamethasone showed a 4-fold increase in the amount of tight junctions with no change in the amount of gap junctions. Some major findings based on these age-dependent responses are (1) if mitosis is blocked in young embryonic stages when proliferation is high, intercellular junctions tend to increase in amount, and to be more mature in configuration; (2) if maturation is stimulated with no change in proliferation, those junctions which normally increase with differentiation will increase in amount; and (3) it is possible to produce a change in the amount of one junctional type without affecting the other. Therefore the amount of cell surface occupied by junctions at any given time seems to depend on both the pattern of synthetic activity in the cell and the degree to which cell to cell contacts are stable and undisrupted by mitotic activity. PMID- 6618001 TI - Influence of ganglion age, nonneuronal cells and substratum on neurite outgrowth in culture. AB - This study characterizes the outgrowth patterns of superior cervical ganglia (SCG) obtained from embryonic (E15), perinatal (E20-21), and adult (P35) rats when placed in culture on various substrata. Outgrowth morphology, degree of fasciculation, and outgrowth length were examined on collagen (COL), polyornithine (PO), polylysine (PL), fibronectin (FN), and nonneuronal cells (NNCs) from the ganglion. COL and FN supported extensive neuritic outgrowth; PO and PL provided poor support. Outgrowth pattern, degree of fasciculation, neurite growth rate, and the number of NNCs in the outgrowth varied considerably depending upon the COL configuration. When undiluted COL (approximately 5 mg/ml) was air dried, a three-dimensional loose fibrillar network was formed. Upon COL dilution or gelling undiluted COL by ammoniation, an essentially two-dimensional layer was formed. On two-dimensional COL, NNCs were able to proliferate and migrate extensively from ganglia of all ages; their presence influenced the form and extent of neurite growth. E15, E20, and P35 neurites responded differently to their endogenous NNCs. E15 neurites extended in relation to NNC surfaces and were predominantly nonfasciculated. E20 neurites became more fasciculated in the presence of NNCs that exhibited morphological and behavioral differences from those migrating from E15 ganglia. E20 neurite bundles became defasciculated when they extended into E15 outgrowth. Far fewer neurites grew from P35 explants in the presence of their NNCs. Three-dimensional COL greatly slowed NNC migration and thus allowed investigation of neurite outgrowth from ganglia of differing age in the absence of NNCs. We conclude that neuritic outgrowth patterns on varying substrata reflect not only neurite differences depending upon ganglion age but also variation in the behavior of accompanying NNCs. PMID- 6618002 TI - Onset of 5 S RNA gene regulation during Xenopus embryogenesis. AB - The transcription of 5 S RNA genes during oogenesis results in the storage of sufficient 5 S RNA in ribosomes to support subsequent embryogenesis. Xenopus oocytes of all stages synthesize oocyte-type 5 S RNA. A generalized repression of transcription occurs at meiosis and is maintained throughout early cleavage. The onset of 5 S RNA synthesis is detected at approximately the 4000-cell blastula stage (stage 9), concomitant with de novo synthesis of other species of RNA. At this developmental stage the level of 5 S RNA synthesis is low relative to the synthesis of tRNA and small nuclear RNAs. Analysis of this newly synthesized 5 S RNA reveals it to be a nearly equal mixture of oocyte and somatic 5 S RNA derived from both maternal and paternal genes. Given the 50:1 ratio of oocyte to somatic 5 S RNA genes in X. laevis, these results indicate that the majority of the oocyte 5 S RNA genes are inactivated at this time. This reflects differential transcription of the two families of 5 S RNA genes rather than post transcriptional stability as demonstrated by the ability of a chromatin template isolated from stage 9 embryos to direct the same ratio of oocyte to somatic 5 S RNA synthesis in vitro as that observed in vivo. By completion of gastrulation, 5 S RNA synthesized in vivo and directed from chromatin in vitro is at least 90% somatic 5 S RNA. These results are consistent with a model in which the decrease in concentration of the 5 S-specific transcription factor relative to the number of 5 S RNA genes during embryogenesis contributes to the inactivation of the oocyte 5 S RNA genes. PMID- 6618003 TI - Calcium antagonists and calmodulin inhibitors block cytokinin-induced bud formation in Funaria. AB - The plant hormone cytokinin stimulates nuclear migration followed by an asymmetric cell division in target cells of the protonema of the moss Funaria hygrometrica, leading to bud formation. The role of calcium in this developmental event was investigated by examining the effects of various calcium antagonists on the cytokinin-induced division. Calcium-free medium (buffered with EGTA), the extracellular Ca2+ antagonist La3+ (lanthanum), and the Ca2+ channel inhibitors D 600 and verapamil all block bud formation. These inhibitions are partially reversed by washing the cells or by raising the extracellular [Ca2+]. The Ca2+ ionophore A23187 partially reversed the effects of D 600 and verapamil. Bud formation is also inhibited by the intracellular Ca2+ antagonist TMB-8 (8 diethylamino)octyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate HCl), and this inhibition is partially reversed by washing or raising the extracellular [Ca2+]. The cross walls of both the filaments and bud initial cells formed during TMB-8 exposure exhibit a distorted morphology. High concentrations of TMB-8 block nuclear migration. The calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine stops cytokinin-induced budding more effectively than the related compound chlorpromazine. Low concentrations of these two compounds do not affect nuclear migration; however, the target cell does not enter mitosis. These results support the hypothesis that a rise in intracellular calcium mediates cytokinin-induced bud formation in Funaria. It is concluded that the proposed cytokinin-induced rise in intracellular calcium may be effected in part by the activation of calmodulin. The essential source of Ca2+ appears to be extracellular, because blocking Ca2+ uptake with Ca2+ transport inhibitors can block both nuclear migration and subsequent division. PMID- 6618004 TI - Globin gene expression in Xenopus laevis: anemia induces precocious globin transition and appearance of adult erythroblasts during metamorphosis. AB - The expression of Xenopus laevis larval and adult globin genes after phenylhydrazine-induced anemia has been investigated at the cellular and molecular levels by means of cloned cDNA probes specific for the four main larval and the four main adult globin mRNA species. In the circulating blood of anemic metamorphic larvae there are at least two distinct populations of erythroblasts containing either larval or adult globin mRNA sequences. The cells expressing adult sequences replace those expressing larval ones at the end of metamorphosis. Under the influence of anemia the qualitative pattern of transcribed RNA species is not changed, but the larval to adult transition takes place earlier during development. This would imply that this transition is not strongly correlated with the morphological changes of metamorphosis. The abundance of the different larval globin mRNA species is similar and, as compared to control animals, not affected by the phenylhydrazine treatment. In anemic adults no reactivation of larval gene expression has been observed. The different adult globin mRNA species are present in comparable abundance, but the phenylhydrazine treatment appears to enhance expression of the alpha A II and beta A II genes, as compared to nonanemic individuals. PMID- 6618005 TI - CPK accumulation in fusion-blocked quail myocytes. AB - The accumulation of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity during the development of quail (C. coturnix japonica) myoblasts in culture was determined under both fusion permissive and impermissive (low Ca2+) conditions. When fusion is prevented by decreasing the [Ca2+] of growth restrictive medium, accumulation is initiated at the same time, follows the same kinetics and attains the same steady state level as that in muscle fibers which form in the same medium with the normal level of Ca2+. Individual clones, in which complete homogeneity of cell type can be assured, were employed to establish levels of CPK activity per nucleus at the prefusion stage and in clones in which every nucleus is included within a syncytium. Cross-comparisons were made between these values and the activity measurements derived from mass cultures. These comparisons indicate no significant effect of fibroblast contamination or of myogenic cells of more advanced or retarded stages on the sign or magnitude of increase in CPK activity. Based on the parameters measured and the qualitative evidence that the same isozyme shift occurs in myocytes as in muscle fibers there is no reason to assume that differentiation is less complete or regulated differently in fusion-blocked myocytes. These studies indicate the utility and justification of employing this cell system and the biochemical criterion employed to examine myogenic differentiation on a cell by cell basis. PMID- 6618006 TI - Acquisition of multiple nuclei and the activity of DNA polymerase alpha and reinitiation of DNA replication in terminally differentiated adult cardiac muscle cells in culture. AB - Terminally differentiated ventricular cardiac muscle cells isolated from the adult rat and maintained in cell culture have been observed to acquire multiple nuclei. In one cultured myocyte as many as 10 nuclei have been counted. Apparently, these multiple nuclei are formed by DNA replication followed by karyokinesis; the cells must then fail to complete mitosis and divide. To investigate whether DNA synthesis was occurring, the cells were cultured in the presence of [3H]thymidine and then processed for autoradiography. Mononucleated, binucleated, and multinucleated cells incorporate [3H]thymidine into DNA as evidenced by the high concentration of silver grains over their nuclei. Peak periods of incorporation were observed to occur at 10- to 12-day intervals; at 11, 23, and 33 days after initially placing the cells in culture. When the cells were maintained in the presence of [3H]thymidine continuously from Day 7 to Day 17 of culture, 23% of the cells became labeled. If the cells were cultured continuously for 30 days in the presence of [3H]thymidine, from Day 10 to Day 40, 56% of the cells were labeled. Isopycnic gradient analysis indicates that this thymidine incorporation was into DNA that was being replicated semiconservatively; these experiments did not eliminate the possibility, however, that this incorporation was due to amplification of specific genes, such as those coding for the contractile proteins. The activity of DNA polymerase alpha also returns to these cells. These studies demonstrate that the terminally differentiated mammalian ventricular cardiac muscle cell, previously thought to have permanently lost the capacity to replicate DNA during early development, is able to reinitiate semiconservative DNA replication when grown in culture. PMID- 6618007 TI - Monoclonal antibodies against developmentally regulated corneal antigens. AB - The chick cornea is comprised of three cellular layers, each associated with a discrete extracellular matrix. The absence of specific markers for these cellular and acellular components has made it difficult to investigate the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions which occur during development of this organ. We have approached this problem by producing monoclonal antibodies to species-specific, developmentally regulated antigens of the chick cornea. By immunofluorescence staining patterns the antibodies fall into three distinct groups. One group is directed against the corneal extracellular matrix. At 9 days of embryonic development staining by these antibodies is detected at the endothelial surface (in Descemet's membrane), and in the posterior part of the stroma. During development it progresses anteriorly throughout the entire width of the corneal stroma and Bowman's membrane until, by 14 days, it is found in all three specialized extracellular matrices of the cornea. Throughout most of development these antibodies do not recognize any other ocular or nonocular tissue examined. Late in development they begin to lightly stain nerve bundles. A second group of antibodies is highly selective for the corneal epithelial cell layer. These begin to stain at 12 to 13 days of development and cause very bright fluorescence by 14 days. A third group stains the extracellular matrix of the cornea in a manner spatially and temporally identical to that of the first group, but in addition recognizes certain basement membranes. The possible relationship of the antigens recognized by these groups of antibodies to developmental events occurring at the time of their appearance, and the potential use of all three antibody groups in studying corneal development are discussed. PMID- 6618008 TI - Cell lineage analysis in ascidian embryos by intracellular injection of a tracer enzyme. I. Up to the eight-cell stage. AB - Cell lineages during development of ascidian embryos were analyzed by injection of horseradish peroxidase as a tracer enzyme into identified cells at the one-, two-, four-, and eight-cell stages of the ascidians, Halocynthia roretzi, Ciona intestinalis, and Ascidia ahodori. Identical results were obtained with eggs of the three different species examined. The first cleavage furrow coincided with the bilateral symmetry plane of the embryo. The second furrow did not always divided the embryo into anterior and posterior halves as each of the anterior and posterior cell pairs gave rise to different tissues according to their destinies, which became more definitive in the cell pairs at the eight-cell stage. Of the blastomeres constituting the eight-cell stage embryo, the a4.2 pair (the anterior animal blastomeres) differentiated into epidermis, brain, and presumably sense organ and palps. Every descendant cell of the b4.2 pair (the posterior animal blastomeres) has been thought to become epidermis; however, the horseradish peroxidase injection probe revealed that the b4.2 pair gave rise to not only epidermis but also muscle cells at the caudal tip region of the developing tailbud-stage embryos. The A4.1 pair (the anterior vegetal blastomeres) developed into endoderm, notochord, brain stem, spinal cord, and also muscle cells next the caudal tip muscle cells. From the B4.1 pair (the posterior vegetal blastomeres) originated muscle cells of the anterior and middle parts of the tail, mesenchyme, endoderm, endodermal strand, and also notochord at the caudal tip region. These results clearly demonstrate that muscle cells are derived not only from the B4.1 pair, as has hitherto been believed, but also from both the b4.2 and A4.1 pairs. PMID- 6618009 TI - Use of 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine to study interaction between myocardial glycoconjugate secretion and endothelial activation in the early embryonic chick heart. AB - The glutamine analog, 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON), a glycoconjugate inhibitor, was used to probe the relationships between myocardial secretion of extracellular matrix and endothelial differentiation and formation of cushion mesenchyme (primordia of A V values). When DON was given to stage 12 chick embryos maintained in shell-less culture, the myocardial secretion gradient of glucose- and sulfate-labeled matrix was blocked. Concomitantly, the endothelium failed to complete activation but continued to divide and incorporate thymidine. By varying DON concentration, two distinct phases of endothelial differentiation were identified: the first (labile to 0.5 micrograms) involved hypertrophy, the second (labile to 0.25 micrograms) acquisition of migratory appendages with resultant mesenchyme formation. Glucosamine + DON (but not inosine, glucose, or glutamine) restored the matrical secretion gradient and to varying degrees both phases of endothelial activation. Endothelia totally suppressed from forming mesenchyme in situ acquired this capacity when explanted into three-dimensional collagen gel culture. The capacity was enhanced by glucosamine given in situ as an inhibitory override, dependent upon serum concentration, inhibited by heat inactivated serum or by adding DON to the medium, but unaffected by hyaluronate. These results were compared to those obtained by co-culturing endothelium and myocardium and discussed in terms of the hypothesis that cushion mesenchyme formation results from an epithelial interaction mediated by glycoconjugates. PMID- 6618010 TI - Studies on the differentiation of egg envelopes. I. The starfish, Astropecten aurantiacus. AB - We have studied the differentiation of the oocyte vitelline coat (VC) and jelly coat (JC) of the starfish, Astropecten aurantiacus. The precursor material of both envelopes is secreted by the oocyte while the follicle cells do not appear to participate in the secretory process. The first indication of differentiation of the VC is the deposition of a fine fibrillar material between the microvilli which emerge from the oocyte surface. External to this, a more loosely organized material becomes the precursor of the JC. At this time both layers are periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive. In a later stage, the material between the microvilli acquires a more compact organization, looses its PAS-positivity while acquiring fucose binding protein (FBP) affinity. On the contrary, the JC remains PAS positive and FBP-negative. In the full grown oocytes the VC is made up of densely packed fibrils oriented tangentially to the oocyte surface and is tightly bound to the microvilli. The observations are discussed in connection with the problem of the role of the egg envelopes in sperm-egg recognition and in the induction of the acrosome reaction. PMID- 6618011 TI - Filipin/sterol complexes in fertilized and unfertilized sea urchin egg membranes. AB - Sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) eggs and zygotes were treated with filipin in an effort to examine changes in membrane sterols at fertilization. The plasma membrane of treated unfertilized eggs possessed numerous filipin/sterol complexes, while fewer complexes were associated with membranes delimiting cortical granules, demonstrating that the plasmalemma is relatively rich in beta hydroxysterols in comparison to cortical granule membrane. Following fusion with the plasmalemma, membrane formerly delimiting cortical granules underwent a dramatic alteration in sterol composition, as indicated by a rapid increase in the number of filipin/sterol complexes. In contrast, portions of the zygote plasma membrane, derived from the plasmalemma of the unfertilized egg, displayed little or no change in filipin/sterol composition. Other than regions of the plasma membrane engaged in endocytosis, the plasmalemma of the zygote possessed a homogeneous distribution of filipin/sterol complexes and appeared similar to that of the unfertilized egg. These results demonstrate that following its fusion with the egg plasmalemma, membranes, formerly delimiting cortical granules, undergo a dramatic alteration in sterol composition. Changes in the localization of filipin/sterol complexes are discussed in reference to alterations in egg plasmalemmal function at fertilization. PMID- 6618012 TI - Olfaction mediated developmental transition in the altricial newborn of selected species of mammals. PMID- 6618013 TI - Brain growth in young mice: evidence on the theory of phrenoblysis. AB - Brain growth was studied from day of birth through 23 days of age in three outbred and one inbred groups of mice. The results showed that the brain grows rapidly from Birth through 11 days and quite slowly thereafter. We found no evidence of the several spurts and plateaus in growth that are central to the theory of phrenoblysis (correlated brain and mind growth). Our results show the main features of mouse brain growth to parallel those of human brain growth except for timing of rapid and slow growth. PMID- 6618014 TI - The influence of age and experience on salt preference of the rat. AB - The degree to which adult taste preferences can be influenced by early taste exposure is a matter of some debate. The present studies characterize the developmental course of saline preference during maturation in the rat and examine whether adult saline preference is influenced by postweaning exposure to saline solutions. Saline intake from weaning to adulthood was examined in Wistar rats allowed continuous access to demineralized water and either .0, .9, 1.8, or 2.7% sodium chloride (NaCl) w/v solutions. When rats were immature they expressed greater preference for saline solutions than they did as adults. It is hypothesized that the overconsumption of saline by young animals is related to lower sensitivity of the taste system to NaCl in the early postweaning period. Animals that had had continuous access to saline from weaning were compared to those that had not received saline exposure early in life, in order to determine whether extensive experience with salt solutions leads to alterations in adult salt preference. These studies failed to reveal any evidence that rearing condition affects adult salt preference; thus adult salt preference may be maturationally determined and relatively independent of postweaning environmental influences. PMID- 6618015 TI - Perceptual imprinting: genetic influences and genotype-environment interactions. AB - One-day-old visually naive and experienced quail chicks (C. coturnix japonica) were mass-screened for approach preferences by pairs of stimuli that were identical in size and luminance but different in color, or pattern, or both color and pattern. Subjects were drawn from the 18th generation of quail lines that were bidirectionally selected for color preferences, and from an unselected genetic control line. Experience consisted of 12 hr of unreinforced perceptual exposure to colored or white stimuli, with and without associated pattern. Data indicated strong genetic influences in the preferences of exposure to color and pattern resulted in selective learning of color but not pattern. Systematic variations in postexposure choices between composite stimuli of colors and pattern. Systematic variations in postexposure choices between composite stimuli of colors and patterns were traced to variations of genotype, experience, and genotype-experience interactions. PMID- 6618016 TI - The response of young Peking ducklings to sibling distress calls. AB - Peking ducklings were tested at 1-2 or 7-8 days of age for their tendency to inhibit their own distress calling in response to the distress calls of siblings. At both ages the ducklings displayed a significant inhibitory response to the sibling calls, although the response of the older birds was greater. When the younger ducklings were subsequently tested with a variety of acoustic stimuli that were similar to the conspecific calls, however, they showed the same degree of response specificity displayed by older ducklings in previous research: in both cases the ducklings more strongly inhibited their vocalizing in response to the sibling calls than to most of these other stimuli. Finally, it was demonstrated that this differential responsiveness to sibling calls was not due merely to differences in pretest exposure to the sibling calls vs these other stimuli. This sensitivity of 1-2-day-old ducklings to sibling distress calls is of interest because (1) this age period is of great importance for the formation of social attachments, including sibling bonds, (2) distress calls are known to play an important role in maintaining family cohesion, and (3) it stands in contrast to the common view that young precocial birds do not respond to sibling distress calls. PMID- 6618017 TI - Changes in appetitive behavior in weanling-age rats: transitions from suckling to feeding behavior. AB - To help identify determinants of rat appetitive behavior during the weanling period, rat pups 17-32 days of age were studied in a Y-maze. One arm of the maze provided pups with the opportunity to suckle a lactating or nonlactating anesthetized female. The other arm always contained a familiar food, either liquid diet or ground laboratory chow. In some experiments the dam was separated from the food compartment by a thin gauze screen. In other tests maternal contact could be maintained in the feeding goal but suckling in that compartment was prevented by nipple involution. Age was the major determinant of choice, with more older animals choosing the food arm. Availability of maternal contact in the feeding compartment increased the percentage of rats that chose to feed by about 20% at all ages studied. Food quality, but not quantity, affected choice at each age, as did lactational status. Prior food, water, and maternal deprivation (2 or 24 hr) did not affect choice behavior at any age but did influence behavior in the goal box. These findings are discussed within the context of the changing demands faced by the rats during the weaning period. PMID- 6618018 TI - Diabetes mellitus in Hopi and Navajo indians. Prevalence of microvascular complications. AB - In a cross-sectional study of Hopi and Navajo Indians with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, we found vascular complications to be strongly related to the duration of diabetes. In patients with diabetes of at least 10 yr duration, retinopathy was found in 57%, nephropathy in 40%, peripheral neuropathy in 21%, and peripheral vascular disease in 28%. For the Hopi and Navajo, the duration specific prevalence rates of microvascular disease were very similar to prevalence rates found in many other populations. Thus we question the concept, based on reports in the late 1960s, that the Hopi and Navajo Indians have hyperglycemia as an isolated chemical abnormality unaccompanied by other manifestations of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6618019 TI - Uptake of bile acids into rat intestine. Effect of diabetes mellitus. AB - Diabetes mellitus is associated with the enhanced uptake of several nutrients. The purpose of this study was to use an established in vitro technique to examine the uptake of bile acids into jejunum, ileum, and colon of control (CON) and streptozotocin-diabetic rats (DM). When the bulk phase was stirred to reduce the effective thickness of the unstirred layer, the ileal uptake of 1.5-15 mM cholic (C), glycocholic (GC), taurocholic (TC), chenodeoxycholic (CDC), glycochenodeoxycholic (GCDC), and deoxycholic (DC) acid was similar in CON and DM. The relative values of the maximal transport rates (Jdm) were CDC greater than GC greater than GCDC greater than C greater than TC = DC, and similar relative values were observed for the Michaelis constants (Km). The values of Jdm and Km for each bile acid were similar in CON and in DM. In CON and at pH 7.4 an inverse linear relationship was noted between the number of hydrogen bonds in the bile acids and the natural logarithm of the permeability coefficient (Pd) times the square root of the molecular weight of the bile acid. This slope reflected the incremental change in free energy, delta delta Fw leads to I, associated with the uptake of bile acids; the value of delta delta Fw leads to I was similar for jejunum, ileum, and colon of CON, but was lower in jejunum of DM than CON. Thus, DM is associated with a greater relative permeability of the jejunum but not the ileum or the colon to a series of bile acids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6618020 TI - Associated movements as a measure of developmental age. AB - Fifty normal kindergarten and 50 first-grade children were examined three times at six-month intervals for synkineses to stress gaits and mirror movements to finger lifting, finger spreading, and timed motor maneuvers. Motor signs in the age-sensitive range showed substantial individual differences between children of the same chronological age. The frequency of associated movements changed reliably in the expected direction over a 12-month period, and within each domain of neuromotor function the individual motor signs conformed to a stable sequence of developmental stages. It is concluded that age-appropriate motor signs for associated movements are a reliable measure of developmental age, in contrast to chronological age, among elementary-school children. PMID- 6618021 TI - Spelling performance of children with developmental verbal dyspraxia. AB - The ability of four children with developmental verbal dyspraxia to imitate, spell, read and copy regular single-syllable words was investigated. The children were found to have more difficulty in spelling and reading these words than a group of children with normal speech who were matched for reading age. It is suggested that 'dyspraxic' children are subject to a phonetic spelling deficit which arises because of a difficulty in segmenting words at a speech-sound level. PMID- 6618022 TI - Three-year follow-up at age 10 of children with minor neurodevelopmental disorders. I: Behavioural problems. AB - Sixty-one children selected from a total population study of six-year-old children in Gothenburg and diagnosed as suffering from minimal brain dysfunction (MBD), motor perception dysfunction (MPD) or attention deficit disorder (ADD), and 51 normal control children were followed up at age 10 for behavioural problems. According to teachers', parents' and self-rating questionnaires, the index children, especially those with MBD, showed extremely high rates of severe behavioural/experiential problems at follow-up. None had been treated with stimulants or other drugs directed at alleviating the symptoms of the neurodevelopmental disorder. It is argued that the high rates of disturbances according to the questionnaire ratings are a true reflection of the psychiatric ill-health in these children. PMID- 6618023 TI - Neurobehavioural comparison of low-risk preterm and fullterm infants at term conceptional age. AB - The neurobehavioural performances of 20 low-risk preterm infants born at 33 weeks gestation or less were examined with the Brazelton Scale at the expected date of delivery, and 20 healthy fullterm infants were also examined on the fifth day of life. The preterm infants were significantly inferior in orientation, motor performance, regulation of state and autonomic regulation. With the exception of autonomic regulation, the neurobehavioural clusters were more heterogeneous among the preterm group. The data suggest that low gestational age at birth, even following relatively normal pre-, peri- and neonatal development, is associated with a behavioural repertoire which is different, more heterogeneous and on average poorer than that of fullterm infants. PMID- 6618024 TI - The effects of premature birth on parents and their relationship. AB - This study examined the effects of a relatively low-risk premature birth on the parents and their relationship. The results indicate that the birth caused a crisis in the immediate postpartum period, but that distress decreased once the babies were at home. At one month and seven months after discharge, parents of both preterm and fullterm infants described their feelings in similar ways--the only difference at one month was that mothers of fullterm infants were more upset than those in the preterm group. Parents of preterm babies became more attuned to each other with time than did parents of fullterm infants, and only preterm mothers became pregnant within the 26 months following their first baby's birth. Mothers in both groups rated themselves as more distressed than fathers throughout the study period, which suggests that within the low-risk preterm sample, becoming a mother for the first time had more impact than did giving birth prematurely. PMID- 6618026 TI - Changes in the Sydney line during the first year of life. AB - Ninety-seven healthy newborns with a Sydney line in 143 palms were re-examined between the ages of 10 and 14 months. The Sydney line was no longer present at follow-up in 58.8 per cent of these infants and in 66.4 per cent of the palms. It appears that the Sydney line, unlike the simian line and its variants, is age dependent and is not a permanent structure of early intrauterine origin. PMID- 6618025 TI - Interviews with parents of boys suffering from Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - Parents from 53 families of boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy were interviewed to explore their reactions to the diagnosis and the effects of the disease on family life. The findings are discussed in terms of the problems reported by the parents, their experiences at the time of diagnosis, their views on neonatal screening, the effects on the marital relationship, on siblings and on the affected boys themselves, and the parents' need for better information about the disorder. PMID- 6618027 TI - Non-traumatic coma in childhood: clinical variables in prediction of outcome. AB - One hundred and four children suffering from non-traumatic coma were referred to the Pediatric Neurology Service, Children's Hospital, Winnipeg, between February 1976 and December 1978. Stepwise discriminant analysis was used to obtain a classification function of outcome, based on clinical variables determined at two separate time-periods of examination: (1) the time of admission and (2) about 24 hours after onset of coma. 12 clinical variables were included in the stepwise procedure. Seven of these: coma severity, extra-ocular movements, pupils, motor patterns, blood pressure, temperature and seizure type, entered the classification function for the first time-period, data being available for 102 children. 75 per cent of these cases were correctly classified into one of five outcome groups and 8 per cent were seriously misclassified. Similarly, 67 per cent of the 66 children evaluated in the second time-period were correctly classified and 3 per cent seriously misclassified. The variables that entered the classification function in this second time-period were age, coma severity, motor patterns, blood pressure and seizure type. The data suggest that the analysis of clinical variables recorded early in the comatose state can provide predictive information, and stepwise discriminant analysis may be one method of determining the most likely outcome for individual cases. PMID- 6618028 TI - Isosorbide in the management of infantile hydrocephalus. AB - Experience with 101 hydrocephalic infants treated primarily with isosorbide is reported. For those with moderate hydrocephalus the aim was to avoid shunt surgery, and this was achieved in 31 of the 43 infants. In cases with severe hydrocephalus or when the cerebrospinal fluid was abnormal the aim was to delay shunt surgery until the optimum time, with a lower risk of complications. Five of 48 such infants avoided shunts and 30 achieved a worthwhile delay. Nine other children were treated with isosorbide following shunt complications. Toxic effects were infrequent, not severe, and reversible on stopping treatment or reducing dosage. 63 infants eventually had shunts inserted. PMID- 6618029 TI - The development of children with congenital hypothyroidism. AB - Standardised motor, intellectual and behavioural tests were undertaken in a group of 56 children in the north of England. All were aged between five years and 15 years 11 months and all had congenital hypothyroidism. The results were compared with those of a control group. The mean IQ of the hypothyroid group was found to be 1 to 2 standard deviations below the population mean. In the group there was no correlation between developmental measures and age at diagnosis but in a subgroup with bone-age evidence of prenatal hypothyroidism there was a correlation between age at diagnosis and both intellectual and motor development. Intellectual development was normal among those treated before one month of age, but there was some evidence of disturbed fine motor and cerebellar functions. PMID- 6618030 TI - The artificial sphincter for urinary continence. AB - Artificial urinary sphincters were implanted in 30 incontinent children between four and 17 years of age. At follow-up for periods from three months to four years, 28 children are continent for at least three hours during the day and are dry at night. Two have had the device removed because of erosion and are still incontinent. 18 children empty their bladders completely, but 10 require clean intermittent catheterization to do so. None of the children has required revision of the device because of somatic growth. PMID- 6618031 TI - The use of chloral hydrate for refractory childhood epilepsy. AB - Two children with refractory epilepsy, including life-threatening status epilepticus, are reported. In both cases the seizures responded to chloral hydrate. PMID- 6618032 TI - Menses and moon phases, ovulation and seasons, vitality and month of birth. PMID- 6618033 TI - Childhood hyperactivity and food additives. PMID- 6618034 TI - Physiological and pathological variants of human growth hormone. PMID- 6618036 TI - Pitfalls in auditory brain stem response audiometry. AB - ABR audiometry is now a widely used clinical procedure. Although the technique provides valuable information about peripheral hearing status and assists in the detection of a retrocochlear lesion, it possesses a number of pitfalls which may not be readily apparent. This report discusses some of the limitations and problem areas in ABR audiometry. PMID- 6618035 TI - Cranial nerve agenesis in a fetus exposed to carbamazepine. PMID- 6618037 TI - Audiometric earphone discomfort level and hearing aid saturation sound pressure level for a 90 decibel input signal (SSPL90) as measured in the human ear canal. AB - The acoustical problems involved in matching the saturation sound pressure level for a 90 dB input signal (SSPL90) of a hearing aid to individual discomfort level were investigated. The real ear SPL (RE/SSPL90) produced by a supra-aural earphone used when measuring uncomfortable loudness (UCL), and RE/SSPL90 produced by three different hearing aids at 90 dB SPL input, were measured for nine subjects, using a miniature microphone technique, and compared to the corresponding coupler levels used when matching hearing aid maximum output to UCL. It was found that a hearing aid often gives about 5 dB, and sometimes 10 dB, higher RE/SPLs than the earphone, if the hearing aid output levels, as measured in a 2-cc coupler (IEC126), are equal to the earphone output levels as measured in a 6-cc coupler (NBS9A). It is recommended that a safety margin of at least 5 dB be used in the preliminary fitting when matching hearing aid SSPL90 to the patient's UCL, converted to dB SPL. PMID- 6618038 TI - Acoustic versus electronic modifications of hearing aid low-frequency output. AB - The rated quality and intelligibility of speech processed by hearing aids in which the low-frequency output had been reduced by either electronic modification (low-cut tone controls) or acoustic modification (vented or open earmolds) was investigated. Fifteen subjects with high-frequency hearing loss provided data for nine commercial hearing aids and both high and low background noise levels. Results for both background noise levels indicated that for hearing aids with a low-frequency cut off at or above 750 Hz (as measured in this investigation), the use of a vented or open earmold significantly improved both quality and intelligibility even when it had essentially no effect on the hearing aid's low frequency output. The implication of the outcome is that for an individual with essentially normal low-frequency sensitivity and a high-frequency hearing loss, an earmold incorporating an opening should be used whenever possible, even though it may not be used for the purpose of controlling low-frequency amplification. PMID- 6618040 TI - Noise levels of electronic arcade games: a potential hearing hazard to children. AB - A measurement of noise exposure levels of players of electronic games was made in two small arcades using a noise dosimeter. Two different measurements were made, at normal operating levels and maximum possible levels. The results showed that excessive exposure levels were possible on arcade games and that these levels were mainly the result of certain procedures performed by the arcade operators. It was recommended that these procedures be avoided by operators to reduce the risk of noise-induced hearing loss of their patrons. PMID- 6618039 TI - Temporary threshold shift after exposure to noise and music of equal energy. AB - Ten voluntary subjects were exposed to 10 min of recorded pop music on five occasions. On five other occasions these subjects were exposed to a noise with level-, frequency-, and time-distribution characteristics, measured in octave band steps, equal to those of the music. Measurements of temporary threshold shift showed almost equal sensitivity to the two stimuli in four subjects, whereas six others demonstrated marked differences in sensitivity. Differences were always due to more temporary threshold shift after exposure to the nonmusical noise stimulus. These findings imply that factors other than physical properties of the fatiguing sound contribute to the degree of temporary threshold shift. PMID- 6618041 TI - Dynamic range and language abilities in deaf adolescents. AB - The relationship between language abilities and dynamic range was studied in two groups of significantly deaf adolescents. One group (N = 21) attended a school for the deaf, and the other (N = 23) consisted of either students in regular schools or those attending units for the deaf within regular schools. Two measures of dynamic range were obtained, and language ability was defined by performance on a syntactic abilities test. Acoustic reflexes were also obtained and the relationship to language abilities was determined. Dynamic range was observed to be a highly significant predictor of language score within the deaf school group, but did not relate to language score within the regular school group. Presence or absence of the acoustic reflex bore no apparent relationship to language ability. PMID- 6618042 TI - Frequency selectivity in normal-hearing listeners using a sweep, frequency modulated masker: a preliminary report. AB - It was the objective of this preliminary investigation to determine whether psychoacoustic tuning curves could be obtained on naive listeners utilizing a sweep, frequency-modulated masker. Psychoacoustic tuning curves were obtained on 10 normal-hearing young adult listeners. A simultaneous masking paradigm was utilized. The probe tone was a 2 kHz signal and the masker was a sweep, frequency modulated tone between and including 750 Hz and 4 kHz. A mean Q value of 4.93 with a standard deviation of 0.85 was obtained from the subjects. Clinical implications and needs for further research are discussed. PMID- 6618044 TI - Chest X-ray screening statements. PMID- 6618043 TI - Auditory brain stem response wave V latency-intensity function and three audiologic measures of cochlear function. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare the sensitivity of the ABR wave V latency-intensity (L-I) function to that of Alternate Binaural Loudness Balance, Loudness Discomfort Level, and Acoustic Reflex Threshold tests in identifying sensory hearing losses. Five audiometric groups were tested by each procedure. The groups included subjects with normal hearing, and with conductive, high frequency sensory, flat sensory, and retrocochlear hearing losses. The ability of each test to separate sensory from retrocochlear impairments was investigated. A positive discriminator for cochlear impairments was of particular interest. A combination of wave V L-I slope at lower intensities and the dB HL value that separates steep and shallow slopes of the L-I function appears to meet this objective. PMID- 6618045 TI - Removal of Dalkon shield. PMID- 6618047 TI - Moxalactam boxed warning about bleeding problems. PMID- 6618046 TI - Bendectin and pyloric stenosis. PMID- 6618048 TI - Patient education fliers mailed to Social Security recipients. PMID- 6618049 TI - Electrically powered hospital beds. PMID- 6618050 TI - Incorrect dosage of BCG vaccine in medical literature. PMID- 6618051 TI - [Health system organization for the neurologic rehabilitation of aged patients with special reference to the Marche region]. PMID- 6618052 TI - [Doppler ultrasonography of the vertebral arteries of young persons: definition of normal parameters]. PMID- 6618053 TI - [Behavior of bile acids in the blood in chronic hepatic diseases. I. Chronic hepatitis]. PMID- 6618054 TI - [A rare case of agammaglobulinemia in the adult]. PMID- 6618055 TI - [Allopurinol in the therapy of idiopathic calcic lithiasis]. PMID- 6618057 TI - [Two-dimensional echocardiography in recent myocardial infarction. II. Functional significance of asynergy and topographical classification of infarction]. PMID- 6618056 TI - [The use of oral water-alcohol solutions of theophylline and salbutamol in the elderly: evaluation of blood theophylline after single and multiple doses]. PMID- 6618058 TI - [Postextrasystolic sinus responses after autonomic blockade in patients with sinus node dysfunction]. AB - The interpretation and significance of postextrasystolic responses obtained in human electrophysiological examinations of patients with sinus node dysfunction has long been a matter of controversy. We carried out programmed atrial stimulation by the method of Strauss et al. in 54 patients with sinoatrial disorder, before and after pharmacologic autonomic blockade (with propranolol 0.2 mg/Kg and atropine sulfate 0.04 mg/Kg intravenously). There were two responses, as follows: computable sinoatrial conduction times and chaotic patterns. Patients were divided into groups on the basis of their intrinsic heart rate (IHR). If the total estimated sinoatrial conduction time over greater than or equal to 200 msec and greater than or equal to 147 msec after autonomic blockade and chaotic pattern were considered to be pathologic, so the ratio of abnormal parameters decreased from 73 to 44% in patients of normal IHR, and increased from 70 to 90% in patients of abnormal IHR. The latter 90% was mostly to the expense of the incalculable chaotic patterns. Interpreting a postextrasystolic curve, the existence of reset zone refers to the functional integrity of the sinoatrial node, to the organisation and synchronism of sinus potentials, which depends on the balance of autonomic nervous system and on the intrinsic electrophysiological integrity of the pacemaker cells. PMID- 6618059 TI - [Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis, clinical and histopathological study of three cases]. AB - We report three patients with giant cell arteritis but no clear clinical signs of temporal artery involvement, during an episode of polymyalgia rheumatica. In the first case a biopsy performed upon an apparently normal temporal artery showed a typical hortonian arteritis. The same finding was obtained from a pulseless right temporal artery in the second patient, who suffered a sudden blindness of right eye after a trigeminal neuralgia. In the third case the polymyalgic symptoms developed together with a syndrome of the aortic arc. The histologic findings of the temporal artery were normal, whereas the biopsy performed on both the subclavian arteries during surgical revascularization demonstrated a typical giant-cell arteritis in the acute stage. The cases mentioned above confirm that there is a close relation between polymyalgia rheumatica and Horton arteritis. In the latter the temporal localization could be inconstant. PMID- 6618060 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of amiodarone in one case of acute oral intoxication]. AB - A wealth of data about the clinical use and the therapeutic efficacy of chronic treatment with amiodarone has been reported, while the acute effects of this agent are less known. In one case of acute oral intoxication with 8 g of amiodarone for suicidal purposes, we have investigated the pharmacokinetics of amiodarone, the thyroid function and the variations of some clinical parameters, such as heart rate and QT interval. Other possible side-effects have been looked for. We have not observed substantial pharmacokinetic differences between our case and studies carried out after chronic oral or intravenous administration. Unlike chronic administration, the acute oral load was not followed by the appearance of toxic effects. The absence of toxic phenomena can be explained by the poor bioavailability of amiodarone, which is known to require long periods for a complete distribution to the tissues and target organs. PMID- 6618061 TI - [Disturbances of AV and/or IV conduction in sick sinus syndrome. Prevalence, evolution and clinical significance]. PMID- 6618062 TI - [Supraventricular hyperkinetic arrhythmias in sick sinus syndrome. Clinical and electrophysiological evaluation]. PMID- 6618063 TI - [Anti-arrhythmic effect of permanent atrial pacing in the brady-tachy syndrome]. PMID- 6618064 TI - [Pharmacological treatment of supraventricular hyperkinetic arrhythmia in sinus node disease: an alternative to electric treatment]. PMID- 6618065 TI - [Supra-bundle of His conduction]. PMID- 6618066 TI - [Electrophysiologic method for the evaluation of disturbances of the bundle of His conduction]. PMID- 6618067 TI - [Electrophysiologic basis for choosing the modality of definitive pacing in atrioventricular and interventricular block]. PMID- 6618068 TI - [Indications for definitive pacing in disturbances of post-infarct conduction]. PMID- 6618069 TI - [The integration process in the health services]. PMID- 6618070 TI - [Partial bilateral vasectomy. Clinical study of 1500 couples]. PMID- 6618071 TI - Clinical applications of techniques for measuring gut motility. PMID- 6618072 TI - [Effects of intragastric calcium on gastric acid secretion and release of gastrin in normal man and in various pathological cases]. AB - Two hundred millilitres of an isotonic solution of CaCl2 (0,118 M) were injected and left 15 min in the stomach of normal subjects (SN1; n = 21), of patients with gastric ulcer (UG; n = 16), patients with duodenal ulcer (UD; n = 40), patients with normochlorhydric gastritis (G1; n = 13) and patients with hypo- or achlorhydric gastritis (G2; n = 7). Gastric acid secretion and gastrinemia were measured during 90 min. After intragastric calcium injection, the acid secretion was increased during 60 min in almost all subjects (87 to 100 p. 100 of subjects in the various groups) whereas gastrin release was increased in the majority (57 to 84 p. 100) of cases. The possible dissociation between the acid and gastrinic responses implies that the calcium-induced acid response is independent of the calcium-induced gastrin release. During control experiments in normal individuals, continuous intragastric perfusion (300 ml/h) of NaCl 0.15 M failed to alter gastric acid secretion or gastrin release, whereas continuous intragastric perfusion of CaCl2 0,118 M enhanced gastric acid secretion and gastrin release. The action of CaCl2 0,118 M is therefore not attributable to gastric distension but directly to calcium itself. The stimulation of acid secretion by intragastric calcium was more conspicuous in patients with gastric or duodenal ulcer than in normal subjects. The release of gastrin was higher in gastritis and duodenal ulcer than in the normal group. It is hypothesized that intragastric calcium increases the cholinergic tone of the parietal cell. PMID- 6618073 TI - [Chronic radiation enteritis. I. Intestinal malabsorption. Anatomo-functional correlates]. AB - Intestinal malabsorption was studied in 51 cases (46 patients) with radiological and/or operative evidence of small bowel radiation injury. At the time of the study, 23 patients had not been operated on (MED patients), and 28 had undergone previous small-intestinal by-pass or resection (BP/R patients). Fecal analysis data (n = 51), and results of alpha-1-antitrypsin clearance (n = 24), and of D xylose (n = 37), folic acid (n = 20) and Schilling (n = 27) absorption tests were compared to the extent and severity of small-intestinal damage assessed radiologically and/or operatively. Mean fecal weight was 311 g/24 h in MED patients and 1,190 g/24 h in BP/R patients. Sixty-five, 43, 86, and 82 p. 100 of MED patients, and 93, 77, 93, and 85 p. 100 of BP/R patients, respectively presented increased fecal weight, sodium, lipid, and nitrogen. In MED patients, there was a significant relationship between the extent and severity of small intestinal damage and fecal weight, lipid, and nitrogen. In BP/R patients, fecal data were related to those calculated from the site and the extent of the intestinal resection. Fecal losses tended to be more abundant when the residual intestine was severely damaged. Alpha-1-antitrypsin clearance (mean 37 ml/24 h) was increased in 8 out of 9 MED patients and in 11 out of 15 BP/R patients. Its value was not related to the extent and severity of small-intestinal damage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6618075 TI - 9th International Symposium on Gastro-intestinal Motility. Aix-en-Provence, France, September 12-16, 1983. Abstracts. PMID- 6618074 TI - [Chronic radiation enteritis. II. General consequences and prognostic factors]. AB - We have studied 54 patients (age 19-83 years) with radiological and/or operative evidence of small bowel radiation injury, in order to assess clinical and biological features, final outcome, and prognostic factors of late radiation enteropathy; 23 of them had undergone previous small-intestinal by-pass or resection. During initial treatment (first 6 months), the patients received symptomatic medical treatment and 17 had a 3-6 week continuous enteral alimentation; 15 were operated on. At entry, 51 out of 54 complained of diarrhea, 32 had repeated vomiting and abdominal pain, 43 were undernourished (36 had lost more than 20 p. 100 of their normal weight, 27 had profound anorexia, 29 had hypo albuminemia of less than 30 milligrams). Anemia was present in 30 patients. Seventy six and 88 p. 100, respectively, had hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia, with clinical symptoms in 14 cases. Fourteen patients, 12 of whom had undergone intestinal by-pass or resection, had biological hepatic abnormalities. Six patients died during initial treatment and 5 during follow-up; the actuarial survival rate was 72 p. 100 at four years (65 p. 100 for the unoperated patients, and 79 p. 100 for those previously operated on). Carcinoma was the cause of death in 5 cases. Social activity and state of nutrition were satisfactory in 22 out of the 32 patients seen in 1982 with 6-96 months (mean 29 months) follow up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6618076 TI - [Is preoperative biliary drainage useful?]. PMID- 6618077 TI - [Evaluation of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of cirrhosis. Retrospective studies of 100 consecutive tests]. AB - This study was carried out in order to assess the value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of cirrhosis. One hundred patients were studied within 2 weeks of the histological diagnosis of the liver disease (cirrhosis 49, acute or chronic hepatitis: 23, fatty liver: 16, normal liver: 12). Ultrasonic patterns were classified by a second examiner according to 5 hepatic criteria (volume, outline, echogenicity, attenuation of the ultrasound beam, enlargement of caudate lobe) and 3 extrahepatic criteria (dilatation of the portal vein, ascites, splenomegaly), leading to a ultrasonic diagnosis. Cirrhosis was diagnosed in 36 out of 49 patients (73 p. 100) by the echographist whereas clinical and biological data lead to diagnosis in only 27 out of these 49 patients (P = 0.057). Hepatocellular carcinoma was diagnosed only in 2 out of 5 patients. Splenomegaly (0.60) and caudate lobe enlargement (0.59) were the signs whose predictive value was the best for this group of patients. The ratio thickness of caudate lobe/global hepatic thickness (as measured on a sagittal cut through the inferior vena cava) allowed for easy assessment of caudate lobe size. The mean value of this ratio was significantly different (P less than 0.001) in the cirrhotic group (0.38 +/- 0.07) when compared to the non-cirrhotic one (0.28 +/- 0.06). Ratios greater than 0.35 were not seen in subjects with normal livers, nor were ratios greater than 0.40 seen in non-cirrhotic patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6618078 TI - [Renal origin of hyperammonemia induced by an high-protein diet in normal rats or those with portal stricture]. AB - Hyperammonemia is observed in high protein diet fed cirrhotic and is thought to be related to an increased intestinal ammoniagenesis. We studied this problem in control rats and rats with a portal stricture and portal systemic shunts given a high protein or a standard diet. In those animals the systemic, portal and renal venous ammonemia and glutaminemia were measured. In rats with portal stricture on a high protein diet, the increase in systemic ammonemia did not significantly differ from that found in animals on a standard diet. In contrast, the control group exhibited a higher level (P less than 0.001) of systemic ammonemia after a high protein (102 +/- 7 SEM mumol/l) than after standard diet (36 +/- 1). This hyperammonemia appeared to be of renal origin since there was a significantly higher ammonia difference between renal venous and arterial blood with the high protein than with standard feeding, both in rats with a portal stricture (+ 229 +/- 32 vs. + 24 +/- 8 mumol/l; P less than 0.001). and in control rats (+ 196 +/- 23 vs. + 2 +/- 11; P less than 0.001). This increased renal ammonia release into the circulation induced by the high protein diet was associated with a high renal uptake of circulating glutamine. Moreover, a decreased ammonia passage from the digestive tract into the portal vein and disappearance of intestinal uptake of circulating glutamine was also observed with the high protein feeding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6618079 TI - [Different effects of taurocholate and ursodeoxycholate on the maximal rate of biliary sulfobromophthalein secretion in hamsters]. AB - Because of the special physiochemical properties of ursodeoxycholate and its tauroconjugate, the effect of these two bile acids on the maximal biliary secretory rate of sulfobromophtalein was compared to that of taurocholate in the hamster. It was confirmed that taurocholate increased the maximal biliary secretory rate of the dye, while it was shown that ursodeoxycholate did not. When the bile acids were infused before sulfobromophtalein, the maximal biliary secretory rate of the dye was significantly higher under taurocholate infusion than under tauroursodeoxycholate and ursodeoxycholate infusions. Under the same conditions, the biliary bile acid output was only slightly decreased by the dye under taurocholate infusion, while it was reduced by approximately one-half under urso- and tauroursodeoxycholate infusions. These observations indicate that ursodeoxycholate is unable to increase the maximal biliary secretory rate of sulfobromophthalein (in contrast to taurocholate). It is suggested that urso- and tauroursodeoxycholate interact with sulfobromophthalein during hepatic transport and that these two bile acids may be transported by the liver by mechanisms different from those of taurocholate. PMID- 6618080 TI - [Thalidomide and the treatment of Behcet's syndrome]. PMID- 6618081 TI - [Sucrase-isomaltase deficiency. Value of the hydrogen respiratory test]. PMID- 6618082 TI - [Measurement of intragastric potential difference: a method for studying the retrodiffusion of H+ ions in man]. PMID- 6618083 TI - [Hepatic fascioliasis. Echotomographic appearance at an early stage]. PMID- 6618084 TI - Computed tomography in carcinoma of esophagus and cardia. AB - CT scanning was performed on 36 patients with carcinoma of the esophagus or cardia. In a retrospective study, staging of esophageal malignancy, obtained by CT, was correlated with clinical data as well as endoscopic, bronchoscopic, operative, and/or autopsy findings. The results indicated that CT is a useful method for pretherapeutic staging in carcinoma of the esophagus and cardia and should be routinely performed in conjunction with conventional x-ray examination and esophagoscopy. The use of mediastinoscopy and diagnostic surgical procedures such as exploratory thoracotomy and laparotomy can be reduced. PMID- 6618085 TI - Small benign tumors of the esophagus: radiological diagnosis with double-contrast examination. AB - Benign tumors of the esophagus are rare. So far radiological examination has been useful in the diagnosis of fairly large benign tumors. In 4100 consecutive double contrast studies we have found 22 incidental cases of protruded lesions of the esophagus with the appearance of submucosal tumor (8 cases) or polyp of the mucosa (14 cases). The lesions were small: 14 were less than 1 cm and 8 were between 1 and 3 cm. The histological data showed leiomyoma in the submucosal tumors and squamous papillomas in the polyps of the mucosa. A noteworthy feature is the unusual frequency of small squamous papillomas detected. The radiological diagnosis of benign tumors of the esophagus cannot be confined to large tumors in symptomatic patients but may include the accidental detection of small tumors. These call for histological verification and possibly endoscopic removal. PMID- 6618086 TI - Lymphoma of the stomach following gastric surgery for benign peptic ulcers. AB - Adenocarcinoma of the gastric stump is a well-known complication of gastroduodenal surgery for benign lesions. However, we report 2 unusual cases wherein malignant lymphoma originated in the postoperative stomach. The first patient had undergone partial gastrectomy and Billroth II procedure 20 years earlier. The gastric lymphoma of the second patient manifested 39 years after vagotomy and pyloroplasty. In both instances, the tumor caused marked thickening and nodularity of the rugal folds without affecting the distensibility of the previously operated stomach. Differential diagnostic features of the observed findings and the potential carcinogenic effects of gastroduodenal surgery are reviewed. PMID- 6618088 TI - Preoperative diagnosis and evaluation of hepatic tumor resectability. AB - In the interpretation of patients with primary and secondary tumors of the liver, different radiologic procedures play an important role. We discuss ultrasound, computerized tomography, and angiography; the advantages and drawbacks of these modalities; and how they should be used when surgery or infusion chemotherapy is planned. PMID- 6618087 TI - Ultrasound guided fine-needle biopsies in pancreatic and hepatic neoplasms. AB - Two hundred patients underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsies of hepatic and pancreatic space-occupying lesions. In addition to the cytologic smear preparations (100%), tissue fragments and cores suitable for histological evaluation were obtained from aspirated samples in 84% of specimens from hepatic targets (n = 130) and in 61% of specimens from pancreatic lesions (n = 70). The prevalence of malignant disease was 78.5% in the liver study group and 74.3% in the patients undergoing pancreatic biopsies. The overall accuracy rate of cytohistologic readings for malignancy was 94.6% in liver biopsies and 92.9% in pancreatic biopsies with a high predictive value of positive results of 98% and 100%, respectively, and a less satisfying predictive value of negative results of 83.9% and 77.3%, respectively. Two false-positive diagnoses were encountered in the evaluation of cytologic smear preparations of hepatic aspirations. No serious complications occurred with the biopsy procedure. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy is recommended as a safe and reliable method for cytohistological confirmation of suspected hepatic and pancreatic malignancy. PMID- 6618089 TI - Portal architecture: a differential guide to fatty infiltration of the liver on computed tomography. AB - Fatty infiltration of the liver, like fatty lesions elsewhere in the body, typically appears as low-density areas on computed tomography (CT). Fatty infiltration of the liver should be considered in the differential diagnosis of homogeneous low-density hepatic lesions regardless of distribution or size. As a physiologic rather than anatomic change, fatty infiltration of the liver characteristically leaves the portal venous architecture unaltered. Although fatty infiltration of the liver typically presents with complete or near complete involvement, other unusual patterns may be encountered. In these atypical cases, recognition of the normal portal structures on CT aids in correct diagnosis. PMID- 6618090 TI - Bilomas: a new approach to the diagnosis and treatment. AB - Biloma, a newly described entity, appears to have gained a heightened clinical interest recently. During the past 18 months we have diagnosed 9 abnormal biliary collections. We discuss here the role of sonography and radionuclide cholescintigraphy in the evaluation of bilomas. The diagnosis of all cases was confirmed by ultrasound-guided percutaneous needle aspiration. Subsequently 7 patients were treated with catheter drainage, obviating the need for any surgery. PMID- 6618091 TI - Evaluation of biliary cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma. AB - Biliary cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas are among the rare neoplasms of the biliary ductal system. This article presents 3 adult patients in whom such large multiloculated biliary tumors were diagnosed. The characteristic features noted on ultrasonography, computed tomography, and angiography of the liver are illustrated and the literature is reviewed. PMID- 6618092 TI - Radiology of the Mirizzi syndrome: diagnostic importance of the transhepatic cholangiogram. AB - The essential feature of the MIrizzi syndrome is partial common hepatic duct obstruction due to an impacted cystic duct stone. This entity has rarely been reported but is apparently more common than previously thought. Our review of the world literature shows 42 proven cases in 18 publications from 7 different countries. We are adding 11 further cases with surgical proof. The preoperative x ray diagnosis of the Mirizzi syndrome was established in 10 of the 42 previously reported cases. This diagnostic problem was probably due to limitations of plain film and intravenous cholangiography techniques. The preoperative diagnosis was possible in 8 of our 11 cases, primarily with the use of transhepatic cholangiography. The preoperative diagnosis is important and can lead to a decrease in surgical complications, particularly if stone penetration, fistula formation, and adjacent inflammatory masses are demonstrated. PMID- 6618093 TI - Hyperplastic cholecystosis: study by ceruletide-assisted cholecystography. AB - Five hundred and two patients with good opacification of the gallbladder were studied by means of ceruletide-assisted cholecystography. A high percentage (15.7; 79 patients) was found to have hyperplastic cholecystoses. So far 26 of these patients have been operated upon because of gallstones or painful symptoms. The x-ray diagnosis was confirmed in all cases. Compared with routine cholecystography, the powerful contraction induced by ceruletide appears to lead to a more frequent recognition of hyperplastic cholecystoses. PMID- 6618094 TI - Radiological diagnosis in proven intraabdominal abscess formation: a comparison between plain films of the abdomen, ultrasonography and computerized tomography. AB - Plain films of the abdomen, ultrasonography, and computed tomography were performed on 180 patients to rule out an intraabdominal abscess. The efficacy of the different modalities was reviewed in retrospect. Thirty-six of these 180 patients had a definite abscess formation. This was demonstrated in 65% of the plain film examinations, in 44% by ultrasonography, and in 94% by computerized tomography. Computed tomography seems efficient in ruling out abdominal abscess. PMID- 6618095 TI - Mesenteric chylous (lymph-containing) cyst. AB - Mesenteric cysts are uncommon entities and chyle (lymph)-containing cysts are the rarest of this group. A case report of a chylous cyst with CT demonstrating unique fat and soft tissue fluid-fluid levels is presented. PMID- 6618096 TI - Angiographic demonstration of phlebectasia in a case of Turner's syndrome. AB - A case of congenital vascular bowel lesions in Turner's syndrome resulting in severe gastrointestinal bleeding is presented. The vascular malformations were verified by angiography. Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment are discussed. PMID- 6618097 TI - Influence of long-term 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 treatment on the rat gastrointestinal mucosa. AB - We performed acid secretory and histomorphometric studies in rats treated intragastrically with a regimen of 100 micrograms/kg or 5 micrograms/kg of 16,16 dimethyl prostaglandin E2, or of saline every 8 h for 21 days. All animals given the high-dose treatment developed a macroscopically visible enlargement of the ridge at the corpus-forestomach border, due to an increase in connective tissue and epithelial cell layer. Mucosal thickness was significantly increased in all parts of the stomach, the duodenum, and the proximal colon, but most markedly in the gastric antrum (+115%), where it was accompanied by a higher mitotic rate and hyperplasia of surface and foveolar mucous cells. Within the oxyntic area (corpus), high-dose prostaglandin treatment led to an increase in the number of surface and foveolar mucous cells and chief cells. In contrast, both the number of parietal cells and maximal acid output were not influenced. It is unlikely that the hyperplasia of gastric mucosa is mediated by gastrin since gastrin has no trophic effects on the rat antrum and disproportionally increases the parietal cell number of the oxyntic gastric glands. PMID- 6618099 TI - Fasting and postprandial myoelectric spiking activity in the human sigmoid colon. AB - The colonic myoelectric spiking activity was recorded in 10 healthy subjects using an intraluminal tube equipped with four bipolar Ag-AgCl ring electrodes fixed 10 cm apart. The probe was introduced into the sigmoid colon by endoscopy so as to place the electrodes at 50, 40, 30, and 20 cm, respectively, from the anal verge. Recordings were performed for 2 h in the fasting state and for an additional 2 h after an 800-kcal mixed meal. The tracings showed two patterns of spiking activity. One was made of rhythmic and stationary potentials; the other was made of sporadically occurring potentials that were either propagating (at a speed of 8.4 +/- 2.5 cm/s, mean +/- SD) or nonpropagating. Food intake provoked a significant increase in both the propagating potentials (from 2.6% to 7.7% of the recording time, p less than 0.05) and the nonpropagating potentials (from 15.8% to 34.8% of the recording time, p less than 0.05). No significant change was observed for the stationary rhythmic potentials. After the meal, the sporadic nonpropagating spiking activity showed a first peak within 10-20 min and another peak within 60-70 min. Propagating spiking activity only showed one peak 70-80 min after the meal. PMID- 6618098 TI - Effects of glucagon, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and vasopressin on villous microcirculation and superior mesenteric artery blood flow of the rat. AB - The effects of the peptide hormones glucagon, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and vasopressin on the microcirculation of single jejunal villi were studied in anesthetized rats. By means of a recently developed in vivo video-microscopy technique, the red blood cell velocity (pretreatment value: 2.1 +/- 0.1 mm X s-1) and the diameter of the red blood cell column (5.5 +/- 0.2 micron) were measured in the villous arcade vessels. From these parameters, an index of blood flow was calculated in order to determine changes in response to intravenous infusions of the peptides. During the infusions of glucagon and vasopressin, simultaneous measurements were made of superior mesenteric artery blood flow and villous arcade flow. Glucagon (1 microgram X kg-1 X min-1) increased villous arcade flow markedly to 150.1 +/- 13.7% of control, while superior mesenteric artery flow remained unchanged. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1 microgram X kg-1 X min-1) produced a dilation of the arcade vessel with a commensurate reduction of red cell velocity, leaving the flow index unaltered. Vasopressin (14.3 mU X kg-1 X min-1) was found to be a potent vasoconstrictor at the mucosal level, and since red cell velocity also decreased, villous flow was reduced substantially, paralleling a reduction of superior mesenteric artery flow. After the vasopressin infusion, a reactive hyperemia occurred in the villous arcades. No such increase in blood flow was observed in the superior mesenteric artery. From these findings, we conclude that the villous microvasculature is influenced by various hormones and, therefore, must occupy a prominent position in control of the circulation of the small intestine. PMID- 6618100 TI - Myoelectric activity and intraluminal pressure of the canine ileocolonic sphincter. AB - We constructed ileocolonic loops of distal ileum, ileocolonic sphincter, and proximal colon in 5 dogs; neuromuscular continuity was maintained between loop and intact bowel by a bridge of tunica muscularis. To study ileocolonic sphincter function, we recorded myoelectric activity from subserosal electrodes and intraluminal pressures from perfused catheters and a sleeve sensor. Recordings included at least one interdigestive myoelectric complex and four postprandial hours. Ileal slow waves were recorded from the loop and the ileocolonic sphincter; most interdigestive myoelectric complexes were propagated to the ileocolonic sphincter. Intraluminal pressures at the ileocolonic sphincter fluctuated phasically (mean 12.5 cycles/min) for 72% of recording time during fasting and 81% postprandially. Tonic pressures at the ileocolonic sphincter were higher during fasting (31 +/- 18 cmH2O; p less than 0.05) than postprandially (24 +/- 20 cmH2O); moreover, tonic pressures fluctuated more during fasting than after food. Tonic elevations of pressure were prolonged (mean duration 28.5 min) concomitant with arrival of phase 3 of interdigestive myoelectric complexes at the ileocolonic sphincter. Thus the ileocolonic sphincter participates in both the myoelectric and motor components of the interdigestive cycle and exhibits an intense phasic and tonic response to phase 3. The association of tonic pressure and intense phasic contractions may serve to retard and segment ileal chyme. On the other hand, the presence of rapidly propagated phasic pressures in the region may provide the basis for propulsive function. In this way, these unique motor events will facilitate two distinct functions of the region, namely the alternate retarding and forward propulsion of chyme. PMID- 6618101 TI - Stimulation of canine gastric mucus secretion with intraarterial acetylcholine chloride. AB - This study was undertaken to develop an easily reproducible gastric mucus secretory model that would elicit maximal mucus secretion without gross mucosal injury. Acetylcholine chloride (50 micrograms/min) was infused intraarterially into a chambered wedge of exteriorized corpus mucosa via a branch of the gastrosplenic artery for 1 h. An alkaline secretion, pH 8.28 +/- 0.48, was produced and consisted of water (40-60 ml/h), electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl-), soluble mucus, and a mucus gel (4-10 mm thick). Mucus was quantitated by monitoring the secretion of newly synthesized glycoproteins, radiolabeled with [3H]glucosamine and sodium [35S]sulfate. A transient increase in deoxyribonucleic acid efflux, and mucosal permeability as measured by albumin movement, occurred, both of which were reversible upon cessation of acetylcholine chloride infusion. The gastric epithelium was normal histologically, except for occasional apical vacuoles present only in interfoveolar mucus cells. Transmission electron microscopy revealed diminished numbers of apical mucus granules and greatly enlarged intercellular spaces in some mucus cells. Histochemically, the mucus gel consisted of alternating layers of sulfate-rich and sulfate-poor glycoproteins. This model provides a copious amount of mucus that is ideal for biochemical analysis and determination of mucus structure. It allows one to distinguish soluble mucus, gel mucus, and unsecreted granule-bound mucus. PMID- 6618102 TI - Wine and five percent ethanol are potent stimulants of gastric acid secretion in humans. AB - Previous studies reported that intragastric ethanol was not a stimulus of gastric acid secretion in humans. The effect of 240 ml of 5%, 10%, and 20% ethanol (vol/vol), equicaloric-equiosmolar control solutions, white wine (12% ethanol), bourbon whiskey (1:4 dilution with water, 10% ethanol), and water on gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin concentrations were evaluated in 8 healthy subjects. Also, to stimulate the before-meal cocktail, white wine, whiskey, or water was administered 30 min before a 50-g liquid protein meal. Five percent ethanol and white wine significantly (p less than 0.01) increased basal secretion to 58% and 82%, respectively, of the peak pentagastrin response (24.2 +/- 1.6 mmol/h). After each of the 5%, 10%, and 20% ethanol solutions, 3-h acid outputs were significantly greater than their respective equicaloric-equiosmolar controls, but only the responses to 5% and 10% ethanol were significantly greater than water alone. Total 3-h responses to white wine, 5% ethanol, and 10% whiskey, respectively, were 5, 4.5, and 2 times greater than water (p less than 0.05). Although serum gastrin was not altered by any of the ethanol solutions or bourbon whiskey, white wine significantly increases serum gastrin concentration, similar to the 50-g protein meal. These results indicate that 5% ethanol and 10% bourbon whiskey increase gastric acid secretion by a mechanism other than gastrin release. White wine markedly stimulates both an increase in acid secretion and serum gastrin concentration. The constituent(s) in wine responsible for the marked acid secretory and gastrin response is unknown. PMID- 6618103 TI - Role of the small intestine in postvagotomy diarrhea. AB - The response of the small intestine of 6 normal subjects, 6 vagotomy control subjects, and 5 patients with postvagotomy diarrhea to a hyperosmolar liquid meal was investigated using small intestinal intubation. In the patients with postvagotomy diarrhea, the peak jejunal osmolality occurred earlier and was followed by a shorter small bowel transit time than in the vagotomy and normal controls. In the terminal ileum, both fasting and postprandial flow rates were higher in the group with postvagotomy diarrhea, compared with the other groups. This was associated with a high postprandial osmotic load to the colon, due in part to nutrient malabsorption. The postprandial flow of bile acids into the colon was not consistently related to diarrhea. Postvagotomy diarrhea is probably caused by rapid entry of fluid, electrolytes, and malabsorbed nutrients into the colon after meals. The rapid movement of an osmotic load through the upper jejunum, consequent upon the drainage operation, may be the critical trigger factor. PMID- 6618104 TI - Release of cholecystokinin in conscious dogs: correlation with simultaneous measurements of gallbladder pressure and pancreatic protein secretion. AB - We have used an antibody that cross-reacts with cholecystokinin-33/39 to measure cholecystokinin release into plasma; this release was correlated with simultaneous measurements of gallbladder pressure and pancreatic protein secretion in response to intestinal administration of fat. Nine conscious dogs were prepared with chronic gastric, pancreatic, and gallbladder fistulas. Plasma cholecystokinin, gallbladder pressure, and pancreatic protein output were measured simultaneously before, and at intervals during, a 2-h intraduodenal infusion of sodium oleate. This infusion resulted in significant (p less than 0.05) elevations of plasma cholecystokinin (from 64 +/- 7 to 181 +/- 27 pg/ml), in gallbladder pressure (from 13 +/- 1 to 27 +/- 3 cmH2O), and in pancreatic protein output (from 65 +/- 7 to 148 +/- 21 mg/15 min); all measurements are from the basal state to 120 min after the onset of duodenal perfusion. Plasma concentrations of cholecystokinin were significantly correlated with gallbladder pressure (r = 0.91, p less than 0.05) and pancreatic protein output (r = 0.84, p less than 0.05). These data provide evidence that release of endogenous cholecystokinin, as measured by radioimmunoassay, can be correlated with the classic biologic actions ascribed to cholecystokinin. PMID- 6618105 TI - Abnormalities in liver function and morphology and impaired aminopyrine metabolism in hereditary hepatic porphyrias. AB - The aminopyrine breath test and measurement of postprandial serum bile acids were performed in 67 patients with well-documented hereditary hepatic porphyria. Elevated postprandial serum bile acids levels were found in 75% and the aminopyrine breath test was abnormal in 42% of the patients studied. These function tests exhibited a statistically significant correlation with the excretion of porphyrin precursors in patients with acute intermittent porphyria. Furthermore, all 12 patients with acute intermittent porphyria who had a liver biopsy because of abnormalities in the aminopyrine breath test or postprandial serum bile acids measurement, or both, were found to have diffuse, moderately severe, but nonspecific ultrastructural changes of hepatocytes, indicative of significant subcellular damage. While a direct relationship between functional and morphologic abnormalities is speculative, it is possible that the defective heme biosynthesis, perhaps related to the reduced aminopyrine demethylation, could form the basis for the ultrastructural hepatic changes in porphyria. This, in turn, could be the cause of the elevated postprandial serum bile acids levels. PMID- 6618106 TI - Familial occurrence of primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis. AB - Members of three families had primary sclerosing cholangitis and chronic ulcerative colitis. In each family, two siblings were affected; in one instance, they were twin brothers. All six individuals had primary sclerosing cholangitis and five also had ulcerative colitis. These cases represent the first reported instances of the familial occurrence of both primary sclerosing cholangitis and chronic ulcerative colitis; illustrate the typical clinical, laboratory, radiologic, and pathological features of primary sclerosing cholangitis; and support the hypothesis that genetic factors may play a role in the etiology of this obscure disorder. PMID- 6618107 TI - Pigment sludge and stone formation in the acutely ligated dog gallbladder. AB - We studied the effects of stasis of gallbladder bile in a dog model. Three days after cystic duct ligation, all gallbladders contained sludge, and the mucosa was covered by densely adherent mucus with solid particles 1-4 mm in diameter (gravel). Thirty percent of the animals developed stones (greater than 4 mm), which appeared grossly like human pigment stones and microscopically like condensed biliary sludge. Centrifugation of bile yielded colorless pellets (3.8 +/- 3.2 mg/ml) at day 0 and pigmented pellets (33.1 +/- 11.0 mg/ml) at day 3 (p less than 0.05). Pellets contained 73 +/- 8% mucin by weight. Dissolved mucin in supernatant bile increased from 7.46 +/- 1.19 mg/ml (day 0) to 27.36 +/- 3.05 mg/ml (day 3) (p less than 0.001), while bilirubin concentration decreased from 127 +/- 12 mg/dl (day 0) to 71 +/- 16 mg/dl (day 3) (p less than 0.001). Cholesterol concentration increased but did not reach saturation, while the concentration of bile salt and phospholipid did not change. Mucin-bilirubin complexes formed and remained suspended as sludge initially. As bile mucin content increased, sludge particles coalesced, precipitated, and eventually formed gravel and stones. We suspect that stone formation in this setting occurs because of sequestration of biliary lipids by mucin. PMID- 6618109 TI - Center grants in digestive diseases. PMID- 6618108 TI - Mechanism causing vitamin E deficiency during chronic childhood cholestasis. AB - In order to characterize the mechanism(s) causing vitamin E deficiency during chronic childhood cholestasis, we studied 6 vitamin E-deficient cholestatic children with clinical evidence of neurologic dysfunction (group A), 4 vitamin E sufficient cholestatic children and young adults with normal neurologic status (group B), and 6 vitamin E-sufficient noncholestatic children (group C). Intestinal absorption of dl-alpha-tocopherol (assessed by an oral tolerance test) was markedly impaired (p less than 0.001) in group A compared with groups B and C, which did not differ from each other. Intraluminal total bile acid concentrations were markedly depressed in group A compared with age-matched controls (0.50 vs. 7.00 mM, p less than 0.001), whereas concentrations were low normal in group B. Intramuscular dl-alpha-tocopherol was well absorbed in 4 group A subjects and corrected abnormal hydrogen peroxide hemolysis. Our data suggest that low intraluminal bile acid concentrations result in malabsorption and deficiency of vitamin E in children with prolonged, severe cholestasis. Intact plasma transport and tissue uptake of vitamin E during cholestasis suggest that intramuscular vitamin E should be utilized for prevention and therapy of the neurologic abnormalities caused by vitamin E deficiency. PMID- 6618110 TI - Hormone effects on the sphincter of Oddi. PMID- 6618111 TI - Postprandial hypoglycemia after antireflux surgery. PMID- 6618112 TI - Dietary carbohydrate and mucosal disaccharidase activity. PMID- 6618113 TI - Stress, cigarettes, and ulcers. PMID- 6618114 TI - Fate of radioactive exocrine pancreatic proteins injected into the blood circulation of the rat. Tissue uptake and transepithelial excretion. AB - [35S]methionine or [35S]methionine-labeled exocrine pancreatic proteins were injected into the bloodstream of conscious rats. Samples of blood, urine, bile, and pancreatic juice were collected at varying intervals through 7 h. Injection of [35S]methionine resulted in the appearance of trichloroacetic acid--soluble radioactivity [( 35S]methionine) in bile and urine within 4 min and trichloroacetic acid-insoluble radioactivity in blood, bile, and pancreatic juice after 20 min. Analysis of these body fluids by two-dimensional isoelectric focusing/sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and fluorography indicated that rat serum, biliary, and pancreatic proteins were labeled, respectively. After the injection of [35S]methionine-labeled pancreatic proteins, half of the trichloroacetic acid-insoluble radioactivity disappeared from the serum in 10-15 min. Radioactive proteins appeared after 5 min in urine and bile, and, over the course of the experiment, accounted for 1%-2% and 0.3%-0.5% of the injected radioactivity, respectively. Analysis of individual radioactive proteins excreted into bile by two-dimensional isoelectric focusing/sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis indicated preferential transhepatic transport of negatively charged pancreatic proteins. The majority of pancreatic proteins (approximately 97%) were taken up by a variety of body tissues, particularly kidney, liver, spleen, and lung. Trichloroacetic acid-soluble radioactivity, largely representing [35S]methionine, appeared sequentially in serum, urine, and bile within 2-12 min. At later experimental time points (greater than 60-90 min), radioactive rat serum, biliary, and pancreatic proteins appeared in blood, bile, and pancreatic juice, respectively. After the injection of 35S-labeled guinea pig pancreatic proteins into the blood circulation of the rat, trichloroacetic acid insoluble radioactivity, observed in pancreatic juice after 60-90 min, exclusively represented rat exocrine pancreatic proteins as judged by the two dimensional gel procedure. These studies indicate that pancreatic proteins are removed from the blood circulation by at least three separate pathways: (a) uptake and degradation by a variety of tissues in the body (approximately 97% of injected radioactivity), (b) excretion of intact proteins into urine (1%-2%), and (c) transport of intact proteins into bile (0.3%-0.5%). Transport of exocrine pancreatic proteins from the blood circulation to pancreatic juice could not be demonstrated. PMID- 6618115 TI - Infectious colitis endoscopically simulating inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective evaluation. AB - This prospective evaluation of patients presenting with mucoid bloody diarrhea and suspected idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease demonstrated a 38% incidence of infectious colitides. The infectious agents detected were Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, Amoeba, and Clostridium difficile. An increased awareness and the utilization of selective culture media should allow the clinician to definitively diagnose patients who present with signs and symptoms suggestive of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 6618116 TI - Bacteremia after endoscopic injection sclerosis. AB - Endoscopic injection sclerosis is a therapeutic alternative in the management of esophageal varices. Complications of sclerotherapy have been minor, including fever, bacteremia, and abnormal chest x-ray. We performed a prospective study to evaluate the frequency of postsclerosis bacteremia. Bacteremia was detected in 14 procedures (50%). There were no cases of bacteremia in a group of control patients with esophageal varices undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy without sclerosis (p less than 0.05). Bacteremia was transient and unrelated to the presence of fever or other clinical complications. The organism most commonly cultured from blood, alpha-hemolytic streptococcus, probably represents a contaminant from the oropharynx, introduced into the bloodstream during sclerosis. We conclude that injection sclerotherapy of esophageal varices is associated with a higher incidence of bacteremia than routine upper endoscopy and that selected patients may require antibiotic prophylaxis when undergoing this procedure. PMID- 6618117 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of intestinal metaplasia of the human stomach. AB - Biopsy samples of gastric mucosa were obtained at endoscopy from patients suspected of having intestinal metaplasia. These samples were prepared for light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Observations of the luminal surface of the gastric mucosa in the scanning electron microscope revealed distinct topographic differences in the intestinalized and nonintestinalized regions. The latter area showed features consistent with those described in chronic gastritis, i.e., the exaggeration of the "cobblestone relief" appearance of the luminal surface of the stomach and the presence of numerous short, stubby, bulbous microvilli which project from the free border of the surface mucous cells toward the lumen of the stomach. The intestinalized region revealed a plush microvillous (striated) border periodically interrupted by apical openings of goblet cells. The scanning electron microscope is a useful research aid for examination of cell membrane expressions of the surface cells of the gastric mucosa not totally appreciated by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. PMID- 6618118 TI - Foreign bodies of the upper gastrointestinal tract. AB - This is a retrospective review of our experience with fiberendoscopic management of 40 separate episodes of foreign body ingestion. Eighteen patients swallowed a food bolus which impacted in the esophagus. Seventy-eight percent of these patients had an esophageal stenosis. Sixteen patients were involved in 22 episodes of true foreign body ingestion. Fiberendoscopic management was successful in 92% of food impactions and 76% of true foreign bodies. In our experience, fiberendoscopic removal is a safe procedure with an 83% overall success rate. It is the method of choice in the management of esophageal and gastric foreign bodies. PMID- 6618120 TI - Duodenal lipoma--a report of three cases. PMID- 6618119 TI - Midazolam, a new more potent benzodiazepine, compared with diazepam: a randomized, double-blind study of preendoscopic sedatives. AB - Midazolam is a new imidazobenzodiazepine. It is more potent and has a shorter duration of action than diazepam. Forty patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for the first time were randomized to receive either diazepam or midazolam as the preendoscopic sedative agent. Both the patient and the endoscopist were blinded regarding the treatment group. Vital signs were monitored before, during, and after induction. Questionnaires were used to assess patient recall of the procedure, as well as endoscopist and patient satisfaction. Recovery from sedation was assessed using the Treiger test (i.e., connecting a series of sequential points with a line). Twenty-four hours and 1 to 2 weeks later, follow-up was obtained on all patients to evaluate for any delayed adverse effects. When compared to diazepam, midazolam was more potent and decreased induction time by more than 2.5 min (p less than 0.001). Recovery time and endoscopist and patient satisfaction were similar (p greater than 0.1), but patient recall was significantly less in the midazolam group (p less than 0.01). Fewer adverse reactions (e.g., thrombophlebitis) were noted with midazolam; however, the magnitude of the difference was not statistically significant. Hemodynamic parameters were also similar. It is concluded that midazolam is a safe, effective, and promptly acting sedative for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Compared to diazepam it was significantly more potent, faster acting, and associated with greater amnesia. PMID- 6618122 TI - Fiberendoscopic removal of a gastric foreign body with overtube technique. PMID- 6618121 TI - Symptomatic lymphangioma of the esophagus with endoscopic resection. PMID- 6618123 TI - The prevention of esophageal tube migration. PMID- 6618124 TI - Postoperative sigmoid colonic strictures--a new guided dilation technique. PMID- 6618125 TI - Report of a seminar on the role of fiberoptic instrumentation in digestive disease research. PMID- 6618126 TI - Endoscopy in research. PMID- 6618127 TI - The toposcopic catheter and the fiberoptic pH probe--two medical instruments of potential use to gastroenterologists. PMID- 6618128 TI - Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy of esophageal varices. PMID- 6618129 TI - Hepatic hydatid disease: findings on endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. PMID- 6618130 TI - Can endoscopy substitute for x-ray examination in screening for upper gastrointestinal diseases? PMID- 6618131 TI - The key to a key. PMID- 6618132 TI - New complication of fiberoptic colonoscopy. PMID- 6618133 TI - Sebaceous glands in the esophagus. PMID- 6618134 TI - A case of lymphangioma of the colon. PMID- 6618135 TI - A new hazard of Eder-Puestow dilation: enlargement of hiatus hernia. PMID- 6618136 TI - The Olympus S1F small intestinal fiberscope type B may lose its hood. PMID- 6618137 TI - The pigment of duodenal melanosis is ferrous sulfide. PMID- 6618138 TI - [Myelofibrosis as one of the masks of liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 6618139 TI - [Glutathione peroxidase, a selenium-containing enzyme, activity in the blood of healthy persons and in patients with iron deficiency anemia and liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 6618140 TI - [Immunologic markers of the leukemic cells in low-temperature freezing with various cryoprotective agents]. PMID- 6618141 TI - [Body's oxygen supply after total blood substitution with organofluoric emulsions]. PMID- 6618142 TI - [Elimination of perfluorides of different classes with exhaled air after infusion of emulsions prepared on their base]. PMID- 6618143 TI - [2 cases of chronic benign lymphocytosis]. PMID- 6618144 TI - The mode of action of chlorpromazine on mitochondrial membrane permeability to K+. AB - The effects of chlorpromazine on parameters related to potassium transport in isolated rat liver intact mitochondria were investigated. The results showed that chlorpromazine induced the passive permeability of mitochondrial membrane to potassium. A competition between spermine and chlorpromazine suggested the same binding sites within the inner mitochondrial membrane. Partial neutralization of mitochondrial surface potential by chlorpromazine indicated that this drug binds to negatively charged superficial sites of the membrane. A mechanism of action of chlorpromazine on potassium transport across the mitochondrial membrane involving alterations of surface potential and disarrangement of lipid bilayer is postulated. PMID- 6618145 TI - Effect of prolonged cold storage on the mechanical activity of rabbit atria. AB - Even after 21 days of cold storage at 2 degrees C, rabbit atria still showed a detectable response only to isoproterenol while other cardiostimulants (norepinephrine, ouabain, anthopleurin-A and nicotine) failed to activate tissues stored up to 14 days. The specific fluorescence of catecholamines disappeared from the tissue after 5 days of cold storage. The maximum decrease in oxygen consumption and tissue catecholamine content was observed after 14 days and a concomitant decrease in tissue ATP content, Na+-K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+-ATPases was nearly maximal after 7 days of cold storage. The cold storage had no apparent effect on the ultrastructures of myocardial cells except a disappearance in glycogen granules. PMID- 6618146 TI - Comparison of the characteristics of the negative inotropic actions of dinitrophenol, rotenone, antimycin A and the intracellular calcium antagonist, propyl-methylenedioxyindene. AB - The characteristics of the reversal of the comparable negative inotropic actions of 10(-4) M propyl-methylenedioxyindene (an intracellular calcium antagonist), 3 X 10(-5) M dinitrophenol (an uncoupler of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation), 10(-6) M rotenone (a site I mitochondrial respiratory chain poison) and 3 X 10(-6) M antimycin A (a site II mitochondrial respiratory chain poison) were studied in the isolated, electrically-paced guinea-pig left atrium. The negative inotropic effect of propyl-methylenedioxyindene was more sensitive to reversal by 5 mM calcium and 10(-9)-10(-7) M isoproterenol than were the comparable negative inotropic effects of dinitrophenol, rotenone and antimycin A. These results indicate that the negative inotropic effect of propyl methylenedioxyindene is not exerted through inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport nor through uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. PMID- 6618147 TI - The effects of twenty-two organochlorine pesticides as inducers of the hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes. AB - The effects of 22 organohalogen pesticides as inducers of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in the immature male Wistar rat have been determined, this group includes four isomeric hexachlorocyclohexanes, technical chlordane, alpha chlordane, gamma-chlordane, oxychlordane, trans-nonachlor, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, aldrin, dieldrin, kepone, toxaphene, mirex, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and several DDT analogs. With the exception of HCB, all of the pesticides induced microsomal dimethylaminoantipyrine, N-demethylase and aldrin epoxidase activities and the cytochrome P-450 content of microsomes from animals pretreated with most of the compounds was also increased compared to control rats. These pesticides all resembled phenobarbitone in their mode of induction. The effects of HCB as a microsomal enzyme inducer resembled those observed after coadministration of phenobarbitone plus 3-methylcholanthrene. PMID- 6618148 TI - The effect of peripherally administered GABA on spontaneous contractions of rat urinary bladder in vivo. AB - Intravenous GABA suppresses the spontaneous contractions of rat urinary bladder produced by saline loading (micturition reflex) without possessing any significant inhibitory effect on spontaneous and stimulated (neuro-hormones and field stimulation) contraction of rat detrusor strips in vitro. The in vivo effects of GABA, in view of the results obtained with atropine, hexamethonium and tetrodotoxin in the same experimental conditions, are likely to be ascribable to an action at pelvic ganglia level. PMID- 6618149 TI - Pseudocholinesterase activity in some human body fluids. AB - Pseudocholinesterase activity of sweat, lacrimal fluid, urine, parotid saliva, whole saliva, whole blood and plasma was estimated using butyrylthiocholine iodide and propionylthiocholine iodide as substrates. There was similarity in activity between erythrocytes and plasma, but considerable differences between whole blood and other body fluids. The level of enzyme activity was approximately the same in sweat, lacrimal fluid, urine, parotid fluid and whole saliva, but it was only about 1/1500 of that of plasma. The enzyme activity in either whole blood or plasma is a good measure of organophosphate exposure but in other fluids activity can hardly give more than an approximate indication of acute poisoning. PMID- 6618150 TI - Effect of biogenic amines reuptake inhibition on ethanol induced hypothermia. AB - The mechanism of ethanol induced hypothermia (EIH) was examined by the use of chemically related compounds which inhibit 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) or norepinephrine (NE) reuptake. Desipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant drug (TCA) and NE reuptake inhibitor partially antagonizes EIH. However, Nisoxetine (NE reuptake inhibitor but not TCA) did not abolish EIH. Chlorimipramine, a TCA compound and 5-HT reuptake inhibitor abolishes EIH. Meanwhile, fluoxetine (5-HT reuptake inhibitor, but not TCA) potentiated ethanol induced hypothermia. It was concluded that the antagonism of EIH is probably related to the antidepressant effect of TCA compounds. PMID- 6618151 TI - Alkyl chain length and acute oral toxicity of p-aminophenones. AB - There exists a structure-toxicity relationship between the length of the alkyl chain of p-aminopropiophenone homologues and their oral LD50's in albino mice and rats. The acute oral toxicity decreased in both species with the removal of one carbon atom from the alkyl group, increased with the addition of one and two carbon atoms, and decreased again with the addition of three carbon atoms to the alkyl group. PMID- 6618152 TI - Inhibition of serotonin-mediated cardiovascular reflexes by cimetidine in the rabbit. PMID- 6618153 TI - Effects of hypothalamic lesions on serum growth hormone levels and growth rates in goldfish, Carassius auratus. AB - Serum growth hormone (GH) levels and growth rates of goldfish were measured concurrently following discrete electrothermic lesions of a number of hypothalamic nuclei. Following lesions of the nucleus preopticus periventricularis (NPP), significant increases in serum GH levels were evident at 4 weeks postlesioning in comparison to both sham-operated and normal control groups. In addition, the NPP-lesioned fish showed significant increases in both total body weight and standard length increments compared to control groups. Lesions in other hypothalamic areas including the nucleus anterior tuberis, nucleus lateralis tuberis and the nucleus recessus lateralis had no consistent effect on growth rates or serum GH levels. The present results suggest that the NPP is concerned with the inhibition of GH secretory function in the goldfish. PMID- 6618154 TI - Chemical structures of angiotensins formed by incubating plasma with the kidney and the corpuscles of Stannius in the chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta. AB - The chemical structures of salmon angiotensins produced by incubating tissue extract of the kidney or the corpuscles of Stannius (CS) with homologous plasma are proposed. Two angiotensins, [Asp1, Val5, Asn9] and [Asn1, Val5, Asn9] angiotensin I, were proposed from both kidney and CS incubations by amino acid analysis and the fluorescent peptide-mapping techniques. CS angiotensins were not organ specific, because these two angiotensins were produced by both kidney and CS incubations in a ratio of 1:2 under the same conditions. Whether [Asp1, Val5, Asn9] angiotensin I is a naturally occurring form remains to be clarified; however, [Asn1, Val5, Asn9] angiotensin I may be the major form of angiotensin formed from plasma by salmon kidney and CS. PMID- 6618155 TI - Intestinal triamcinolone acetonide receptors of the eel (Anguilla rostrata). AB - The binding of [6,7-3H]triamcinolone acetonide (TA) to intestinal mucosa of freshwater-adapted silver eels was studied. The cytoplasmic preparations bound the ligand with an equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of 2.28 +/- 0.37 nM and the maximal number of binding sites (Nmax) was 960 +/- 55 fmol/mg of protein (+/- SE, n = 13). Scatchard analysis indicated the presence of a single species of binding sites. Binding was abolished following treatment of the cytosol with trypsin, N-ethylmaleimide, or Mersalyl, but DNase or RNase treatment had little effect. The competition hierarchy of radioinert steroids on the formation of the [3H]TA-receptor complex was TA greater than dexamethasone greater than cortisol greater than 11-deoxycortisol. Aldosterone, DOC, corticosterone, 11 dehydrocorticosterone, progesterone, testosterone, or estradiol-17 beta did not compete. Sedimentation of the [3H]TA-receptor complex on a linear sucrose gradient (10-30% + 10% v/v glycerol) yielded single peaks in the absence or presence of 0.4 M KCl in the gradient (6 S or 3.5 S respectively). Following heat activation the receptor-ligand complex was freely translocated to homologous nuclei in vitro, though the activated complex did not bind to DNA-cellulose. It was concluded that the eel intestinal mucosal cytosol contains a high-affinity low capacity steroid receptor system. This is the first instance that such a system was demonstrated in fish tissue. PMID- 6618156 TI - Rhabdome-bearing cells within the corpus cardiacum of Melanogryllus desertus (orthoptera, gryllidae). AB - Cells with rhabdomeric structures characteristic of photoreceptor cells occur within the corpus cardiacum of Melanogryllus desertus. These cells are few in number and are larger than intrinsic secretory cells. Each has numerous rhabdomeric microvilli forming a rhabdome within the cell. The arrangement of large mitochondria under the rhabdomeric microvilli around the dilated endoplasmic reticulum membranes and multivesiculated bodies is distinctive. Rhabdome cells have synaptic contacts with the numerous neurosecretory axons that surround them. Other neurosecretory axons come in close contact with the membranes of microvilli. PMID- 6618157 TI - Effects of two gonadotropic hormones on polysaccharide synthesis in the albumen gland of Lymnaea stagnalis, studied with the organ culture technique. AB - A medium for culturing organs of the basommatophoran freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis is described. One of the accessory sex glands, the albumen gland, which produces proteins and galactogen as nutritive substances for the embryos, was cultured along with parts of the central nervous system (CNS), including the female gonadotropic hormone-producing dorsal bodies (DB). Culture time was 4 days. The cerebral ganglia and the DB appeared to have a strong stimulating influence on polysaccharide synthesis in the albumen gland. The remaining part of the CNS has a weak stimulating effect. The use of extracts (culture time 6-26 hr) of parts of the cerebral ganglia and of the DB showed that not only the dorsal body hormone (DBH), but also the ovulation hormone (CDCH)--a neurohormone produced by the caudodorsal cells located in the cerebral ganglia--stimulates the synthetic activity of the albumen gland. The action of these hormones is direct; i.e., it is not exerted via the gonad. Dose- and time-response relations for the DBH and the CDCH are very similar. No additional rise in stimulation occurred when the two hormones were administered together. Experiments with albumen glands of adult snails demonstrated that the presence of large quantities of secretory material in the gland inhibits the response to DBH and CDCH. PMID- 6618158 TI - Hypocalcemic potency of the ultimobranchial gland in some urodelan amphibians. AB - The hypocalcemic potencies of the ultimobranchial glands of two urodelans, Onychodactylus japonicus and Hynobius nigrescens, were studied; according to the rat bioassay, their calcitonin values (MRC) were 30 and 18 mU/kg body wt, respectively. Various organs other than the ultimobranchial gland were also assayed in rats to see whether they had any hypocalcemic potency. However, the ultimobranchial gland was the only organ examined with detectable hypocalcemic potencies in these urodelans. The hypocalcemic potencies of urodelan ultimobranchial glands are one order lower than those reported in the other vertebrate classes, contrasting with the potencies of anuran ultimobranchial glands. The biological significance of this low potency is discussed. PMID- 6618160 TI - Plasma corticosterone in wild starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) immediately following capture and in relation to body weight during the annual cycle. AB - Free-living starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) were caught by mist netting. Blood samples were taken from them between 20 sec and 4 min after capture and assayed for corticosterone. Before 1 min corticosterone levels were constant (10.3 nmol litre-1) but after 1 min they increased rapidly (27.0 +/- 3.6 nmol litre-1 min 1). Male and female free-living starlings were caught throughout the year with mist nets, and traps placed in nest boxes. Blood samples were taken within 1 min of capture and body weights recorded. Plasma corticosterone varied between 3 and 13 nmol litre-1. In both sexes the level was high during winter and through the breeding season. It fell to low levels during late summer and increased again during autumn. Body weight in both sexes was highest in midwinter and lowest in midsummer but there was no correlation between body weight and plasma corticosterone concentration. PMID- 6618159 TI - Effects of hypophysectomy and cortisol on the catecholamine biosynthesis and catecholamine content in chromaffin tissue from rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. AB - The in vitro activities of dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) were determined in the chromaffin tissue of hypophysectomized and cortisol-treated rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. In addition, the content of adrenaline and noradrenaline was estimated. DBH activity increased after both hypophysectomy and cortisol administration. The increased activity after hypophysectomy was restored with administration of pituitary extract, ADP. The PNMT activity seemed to increase slightly after hypophysectomy, while the activity remained unchanged after cortisol administration. A small decrease in catecholamine content was seen after hypophysectomy or treatment with cortisol but the A/NA ratio was not changed. A regulation of the biosynthesis of catecholamines in trout chromaffin tissue is suggested and discussed in relation to mammalian conditions. PMID- 6618161 TI - Marsupial neurohypophysial hormones: identification of mesotocin, lysine vasopressin, and phenypressin in the quokka wallaby (Setonix brachyurus). AB - The neurohypophysial hormones of the quokka wallaby (Setonix brachyurus) have been isolated through preparative high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). One oxytocin-like and two vasopressin-like peptides have been found. These peptides have been characterized by their amino acid composition and by their retention time in HPLC. Mesotocin ([I1e8]-oxytocin) has been identified by amino acid composition, polar partition chromatography, high pressure liquid chromatography with a reversed phase column, and pharmacological properties. Lysine vasopressin and phenypressin ([Phe2]-arginine vasopressin) have been characterized by amino acid composition, ion-exchange chromatography, and high pressure liquid chromatography. Lysine vasopressin is about twice as abundant as phenypressin. These three peptides have previously been found in three species belonging to the genus Macropus, namely the red kangaroo, the Eastern gray kangaroo, and the tammar wallaby; they are therefore current in the family Macropodidae. Comparison with other native Australian mammals is discussed. PMID- 6618162 TI - The development of spatial representation in children from five to thirteen years of age. AB - Piaget and Inhelder, and Lowenfeld proposed theories on the development of spatial representation based on certain features present in children's drawings. The purpose of the present study was to provide an objective evaluation of these theories. Three raters examined drawings from children (N = 107) ages five to 13 for 38 of Lowenfeld's and Piaget's structural features included in the categories of Composition, Dimension, and Meaning. A confusion matrix and an index of rater reliability were used to assess the reliability of each feature. A structured key word and chi-square analysis of the 23 reliably rated features produced a three period model of spatial development similar to the theories presented by Piaget and Lowenfeld. Implications for future research were discussed, and children's drawings were suggested as diagnostic screening tools for the evaluation of children's overall development. PMID- 6618163 TI - Factors discriminating pregnancy resolution decisions of unmarried adolescents. AB - Pregnancy resolution decisions of unmarried adolescents were studied with the use of an expected utility decision model that included psychological, background, and economic variables. Discriminant function analysis of the decision to have an abortion or to deliver the child indicated that psychological, background, and economic variables each made significant contributions to the successful classification of teenagers (approximately 87.5% of the women were classified correctly). A four-item Abortion Approval Index, the women's perception of the prospective fathers' abortion opinion, personal knowledge of other unmarried teenagers who delivered, self-reported grade average, and receipt of state financial aid in the form of AFDC or Medicaid payments were the most powerful discriminators. For adolescents who chose to deliver, a second discriminant function indicated that only one economic factor--receipt of state financial aid- successfully discriminated those who married from those who became single mothers (approximately 72% of the women were classified correctly). Results are discussed in terms of possible decision strategies and sequences used by adolescents and the value of using a decision framework that incorporates psychological, background, and economic factors. PMID- 6618164 TI - Studies of enzyme polymorphism in the Kamuela population of Drosophila mercatorum. III. Effects of variation at the alpha GPD locus and subflight stress on the energy charge and glycolytic intermediate concentrations. AB - We have employed a "level crossing" strategy to study the primary effects of an enzyme polymorphism in Drosophila mercatorum. This strategy consists of following genetic differences across intervening phenotypes to possible fitness effects. In this paper, we report the steady state concentrations of the glycolytic intermediates and the adenylates (intervening phenotypes) in two genotypes (alpha GPD-F, alpha GPD-S) at two stress levels (rest, subflight). We did not detect a genotype or a genotype by stress interaction effect on glycolytic intermediate or adenylate concentrations despite the ability of the experimental design to detect a 20 to 50% difference from the mean of a control. The flux of glycolysis is adequate to maintain the energy charge in both strains under the stress levels considered. If there is a fitness difference between these alpha GPD variants, it is unlikely to be a result of modifications of glycolysis. Subflight stress, however, resulted in an increase in metabolic flux. The observed pattern of intermediate concentration differences is consistent with the modulation of glycolysis by the ratio of the ATP and AMP concentrations acting on phosphofructokinase activity. PMID- 6618165 TI - Expression of maternally and embryonically derived hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) activity in mouse eggs and early embryos. AB - X-chromosome activity in early mouse development has been studied by a gene dosage method that involves measuring the activity level of the X-linked enzyme hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) in single eggs and embryos from XO females and from females heterozygous for In(X)1H, a paracentric inversion of the X chromosome. The HPRT activity in oocytes increased threefold over a 24-hr period beginning after ovulation. Afterward, the activity plateaued in unfertilized eggs but continued to increase for at least 66 hr in presumed OY embryos. Both before and after ovulation, the level of activity in unfertilized eggs from In(X)/X females was twice that from XO females, and the distributions of activity in eggs for both sets of females remained unimodal. Beginning with the two-cell stage, distributions of activity for embryos from In(X)/X females were trimodal, which is evidence for embryonic activity. It is proposed that activation of a maternal mRNA or proenzyme is responsible for the HPRT activity increase in oocytes and early embryos and is supplemented by dosage-dependent activity of the embryonic Hprt gene as early as the two-cell stage. PMID- 6618166 TI - Analysis of a mouse alpha-globin gene mutation induced by ethylnitrosourea. AB - A DBA/2 mouse treated with ethylnitrosourea sired an offspring whose hemoglobin showed an extra band following starch gel electrophoresis. The variant hemoglobin migrated to a more cathodal position in starch gel. Isoelectric focusing indicated that chain 5 of the mutant hemoglobin migrated to a more cathodal position than the normal chain 5 from DBA/2 mice and that the other alpha-globin, chain 1, was not affected. On focusing gels the phenotype of the mutant allele, Hbay9, was expressed without dominance to normal chain 5, and Hbay9/Hbay9 homozygotes were fully viable in the laboratory. The molecular basis for the germinal mutation was investigated by analyzing the amino acid sequence of chain 5y9, the mutant form of alpha-chain 5. A single amino acid substitution (His leads to Leu) at position 89 was found in chain 5y9. We propose that ethylnitrosourea induced an A leads to T transversion in the histidine codon at position 89 (CAC leads to CTC). This mutation has apparently not been observed previously in humans, mice or other mammals, and its novel occurrence may be indicative of other unusual mutational events that do not ordinarily occur in the absence of specific mutagen exposure. PMID- 6618168 TI - Discussion: liaison psychiatry and the quest for new knowledge. AB - Liaison psychiatry has become a subspecialty of psychiatry. This Symposium illustrates a new trend for liaison psychiatrists to become involved in collaborative research at the interface of medicine and psychiatry. The contributors have shown how such research can be organized with help of consultation-liaison clinical work. Liaison psychiatry's future will depend on the provision of competent clinical service and high quality research of the type reported here. PMID- 6618167 TI - Cyclophosphamide-induced in vivo sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in Mus musculus. III. Quantitative genetic analysis. AB - In vivo cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were evaluated in females from five genetic strains of mice (C57BL/6J, C3H/S, 129/ReJ, BALB/c and DBA/2) and their F1 hybrids. Baseline (noninduced) SCE values differ significantly among strains, 129/ReJ having the lowest and DBA/2 having the highest mean SCE per cell values. In general, the baseline SCE of a given F1 is within the range of its corresponding parental strains or near the lower parental value. Furthermore, there is a genotype-dependent increase in mean SCEs per cell with CP dose. Strain differences in SCE induction are noted particularly at the two higher CP doses (4.50 and 45.0 mg/kg). In general, F1 hybrids involving a strain with high induced SCEs and a strain with low induced SCEs exhibit mean SCE values that are closer to the value of the lower strain. F1s involving two strains with high SCEs or two strains with low SCEs yield SCEs not different from parental strains. The method of diallel cross analysis showed the order of dominance of these strains in SCE induction to be 129/ReJ BALB/c C3H/S DBA/2 C57BL/6J. These results support the involvement of predominantly nonadditive genetic factors as major gene(s) in SCE induction. In addition, involvement of random and independent events in SCE induction is suggested by the distribution of SCEs which follows a Poisson distribution. PMID- 6618169 TI - The use of DSM-III in a general hospital consultation-liaison service. AB - Eighteen months' use of DSM-III by a consultation-liaison service in a university hospital is reported. DSM-III's multiaxial system seems to be feasible and revealing, but presents some problems. Adjustment Disorder and Organic Mental Disorders were the most frequent Axis I diagnoses. Approximately one-fourth of the patients received an Axis II diagnosis and 85% received an Axis III diagnosis. In 70% of the patients there was both a psychiatric diagnosis (on Axis I or II) and a physical disorder (on Axis III). On Axis IV and V, this population appeared to be under moderate to severe psychosocial stress and had, as a group, a fair or better level of previous adaptive functioning. The possible significance of these findings and potential areas for further refinements and investigations are discussed. PMID- 6618170 TI - The role of psychiatrists in family medicine training. AB - The authors surveyed 356 family medicine residency training directors to determine the role of psychiatrists in family medicine training. Two hundred five responses were received, covering the training experiences of 3696 residents. Psychiatrists were actively involved in the training programs, but their role was circumscribed to areas of traditional, demonstrated expertise. Most of the program directors rated psychiatrists as highly useful. Programs rating psychiatrists highly useful differed from low usefulness raters only in having both general psychiatry and consultation-liaison rotations available. This lends support to the hypothesis that consultation-liaison activities provide the most useful method of integrating psychiatrists into family medicine training programs. PMID- 6618171 TI - Central nervous system sarcoidosis. AB - Sarcoidosis may involve the central nervous system (CNS) in approximately 5% of cases. Three levels of neurological involvement are possible and include cranial nerve abnormalities, peripheral neuropathies, and lesions of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges. In addition to abnormal neurological findings, psychiatric presentations of CNS sarcoidosis include symptoms of delirium, dementia, depression, personality changes, and psychosis. The diagnosis usually rests on neurological, psychiatry, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) abnormalities with a history of sarcoidosis in other organ systems. The CSF, however, may be normal in as many as 30% of cases. The complexities of the illness and the difficulties that may be encountered in making the diagnosis are illustrated with a case of suspected CNS sarcoidosis that presented with delirium and choreoathetosis. The use of steroids as the mainstay of treatment is also discussed. PMID- 6618172 TI - Teaching a biopsychosocial approach on medical attending rounds. AB - The ascent of the biotechnical, disease-oriented model of medicine threatens to relegate the integrated, patient-oriented approach to a secondary position. In response to this, a program to teach medical housestaff a biopsychosocial approach was implemented in a setting of attending rounds by having a psychiatrist participate regularly as a member of the rounding team. The effectiveness of this program's teaching effort was significantly influenced by the psychological styles and level of training of the housestaff officers. Residents were the most teachable and potentially the most effective teachers with respect to the biopsychosocial model. Interns, appearing to respond to the stresses of internship with defensive behavior, e.g., turning passive into active and isolation of affect, were less receptive. The medical attending's attitude, however, was the most important factor affecting the teaching of this approach on rounds. Three medical-attending-teaching styles were characterized, one of which appeared incompatible with teaching a biopsychosocial approach on rounds. The psychiatrist had to learn to specifically adapt his teaching efforts to each of these three attending styles, as well as to the training level related needs and the defensive styles of the housestaff. PMID- 6618173 TI - Preventing nursing burnout: a challenge for liaison psychiatry. AB - The authors conducted a study to assess and compare the level of job satisfaction among five groups of registered nurses working at UCLA Hospital. Fifty-seven female nurses completed the MMPI, Locus of Control Test, Work Environment Scale, and a questionnaire designed to assess job satisfaction. Results showed that there were no significant personality differences among the five groups of nurses. Significant differences between some of the groups were found in demographic variables and in work-related variables such as involvement, task orientation, work pressure, sense of authority on the job, and perceived communication with peers or other groups in the work environment. Nurses on the Medicine unit tended to have lower overall job satisfaction than those in the other units. The involvement of the Psychiatric Liaison Service on the five nursing units is described and discussed as a possible method for providing psychosocial support to the nurses and reducing high turnover rates. PMID- 6618174 TI - Psychiatric consultations at the NIH. AB - The history of the consultation-liaison psychiatry movement in America is briefly reviewed. Evaluation of a consultation-liaison program in a research hospital setting at NIH is described in the context of the historical paradigm. PMID- 6618175 TI - Analogies between Cushing's disease and depression: a case report. AB - A case report is used to illustrate the difficult differential diagnostic dilemma between depression and Cushing's disease that has led to extensive scientific collaboration to test the hypothesis that both diagnoses may fall within a pathophysiological continuum. Unique to the collaborative study underway is the commitment of psychiatric clinical investigators to bring state of the art techniques for studying neurobiology in a disease traditionally viewed as medical, and of endocrinologists to address their expertise in a disease viewed primarily as psychiatric. PMID- 6618176 TI - DNA of the Streptomyces phage SH10: binding sites for Streptomyces hygroscopicus RNA polymerase and in vitro transcription map. PMID- 6618177 TI - Molecular cloning of the rDNA of Saccharomyces rosei and comparison of its transcription initiation region with that of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. AB - We have cloned one complete repeating unit of rDNA from Saccharomyces rosei and determined its physical and genetic organization. Heteroduplex analysis of the rDNA units from S. rosei and S. carlsbergensis shows that the nontranscribed spacers are largely nonhomologous in sequence, whereas the transcribed regions are essentially homologous. We also determined the transcription initiation site for the 37S precursor RNA on S. rosei rDNA. Sequence comparison of the region surrounding the site of transcription initiation for the 37S RNA with the corresponding region of S. carlsbergensis revealed extensive homology from position -9 downstream into the external transcribed spacer. Very little homology was observed between position -9 and -55, but some homologous tracts are present upstream from position -55. PMID- 6618179 TI - Why older patients resort to nonphysicians. PMID- 6618178 TI - A mouse dispersed repeat sequence showing remarkable similarities to the long terminal repeats of retroviruses. AB - A mouse 1.3-kb EcoRI dispersed repeat sequence that shows homology by hybridisation to the long terminal repeat of intracisternal A-particle genes has been partially sequenced. One of the established sequence regions shows three major features reminiscent of the long terminal repeats of retroviruses. Firstly, a TATA box precedes a putative capping site (G) by 23 bp. Secondly, the TATA box is itself preceded by the sequence CCTAT. Thirdly, following the capping site, the signal sequence AATAA precedes by 20 bp a possible polyadenylation site (CA). Such a retroviral-like sequence may have been responsible for the initial amplification and dispersion of the mouse repeat family. PMID- 6618180 TI - Advice for treating the hearing-impaired. PMID- 6618181 TI - Infectious complications in the elderly COPD patient. PMID- 6618182 TI - Aortic stenosis in the elderly. PMID- 6618183 TI - Skin tumors: malignant and premalignant. PMID- 6618184 TI - Differential effects of a list-learning mnemonic in three age groups. AB - The effectiveness of a list-learning mnemonic was assessed across a wide range of ages. Young, middle-aged, and older adults attended a 3-day course in which a modified version of the method of loci was taught. Tests of free recall were administered at the beginning and end of the course. All three age groups displayed significantly better recall following instruction in the mnemonic than they did initially; however, the amount of improvement was less in older subjects than younger ones. These results, though indicating the mnemonic to be effective for young and old alike, suggest the development of encoding and retrieval deficits with age. PMID- 6618185 TI - The temporal lobe in dementia of Alzheimer's type. AB - Evidence is presented of a predilection of neurofibrillary tangle formation and choline acetyltransferase deficiency for the temporal lobe in Alzheimer's disease. Together with evidence from studies of cerebral atrophy, 5-HT levels, and clinical findings, this indicates that changes in the temporal lobe may play a prominent role in Alzheimer's disease, especially in elderly patients. PMID- 6618186 TI - Impairment of polymorphonuclear functions in hospitalized geriatric patients. AB - Polymorphonuclear (PMN) functions were assessed in 93 non-selected hospitalized patients, 32 active, healthy, elderly controls and 29 young controls. The results confirm the impairment of PMN functions in the aged. However, PMN functions in hospitalized older persons are similar to those in non-institutionalized controls, and underlying diseases and treatment do not seem to aggravate the PMN impairment. Thus, it can be assumed that the frequent and severe infections afflicting the hospitalized aged are due to the alteration of the other host defense mechanisms. PMID- 6618187 TI - [Adaptation of the body to air pollutants (using the example of phenol)]. PMID- 6618188 TI - [Data on the hygienic establishment of the maximum permissible concentration of manganese-zinc ferrite in the atmosphere]. PMID- 6618189 TI - [Changes in the nonspecific resistance of the body as a basis for predicting the level of pediatric respiratory morbidity]. PMID- 6618190 TI - [Calculation methods for determining MPELs and other norms]. PMID- 6618191 TI - [Hygienic standard for feed methionine in the atmosphere]. PMID- 6618192 TI - [Increased efficiency in research to establish the MPEL for substances in water based on a plan of staged norm setting]. PMID- 6618193 TI - [Hygienic criteria for assessing after purified municipal sewage used in technical water supplies]. PMID- 6618194 TI - [Effect of sports activities on the physical development of schoolchildren]. PMID- 6618195 TI - [Principles of a scientific basis for a system of criteria for the hygienic evaluation of prepathological states (based on the metabolic reactions of the human body)]. PMID- 6618196 TI - [Control of the inhalation intake of long-lived alpha emitters]. PMID- 6618197 TI - [Evaluation of the level of 239Pu resorption in skin injury and the effectiveness of treatment]. PMID- 6618198 TI - [Experience in using research results in the academic process]. PMID- 6618199 TI - [Research results in the program on the "Effect of Environmental Factors on Cardiovascular System Function"]. PMID- 6618200 TI - [Automated electroencephalographic examination of persons working with laser installations]. PMID- 6618201 TI - [Rapid dispersion analysis in hygiene research]. PMID- 6618202 TI - [Chromatographic method of determining NGZh-4 in the air]. PMID- 6618203 TI - [Method of determining the orienting reaction of the "mink" reflex in rats]. PMID- 6618205 TI - [Synthesis of a comprehensive index of atmospheric air pollution]. PMID- 6618204 TI - [Extraction and chromatographic determination of 2,3,6-trichlorotoluene and 2,3,6 trichloro-p-tert-butyltoluene in water]. PMID- 6618207 TI - [Experience with organizational and methodological work at the Novosibirsk Municipal Epidemiological Health Station]. PMID- 6618206 TI - [Effect of water with a low mineral content on population health]. PMID- 6618208 TI - [Improvement in methodological procedures for identifying pesticides in food products]. PMID- 6618209 TI - [Experimental data on establishing the maximum permissible concentration for lead in the atmosphere]. PMID- 6618210 TI - [Effect of ascorbic acid on the phagocytic activity of leukocytes in textile workers in contact with direct dyes]. PMID- 6618211 TI - [Hygienic problems of using excess active sludge in animal husbandry]. PMID- 6618212 TI - [Effect of the circumstances of exams on the body function of students]. PMID- 6618213 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the technology of coke wet quenching]. PMID- 6618214 TI - [Instructions on hygiene for girls learning fruit and vegetable growing trades]. PMID- 6618215 TI - [Student adaptation to instruction in college]. PMID- 6618216 TI - [Efficacy of health promotion for children in urban pioneer camps]. PMID- 6618217 TI - [Iron, copper and manganese balance in the body of young athletes]. PMID- 6618218 TI - [Definition and principles of deontology of the state health officer]. PMID- 6618219 TI - [Evaluation of the health education motion picture using an information goal directed approach]. PMID- 6618220 TI - [Influence of the chemical composition of the air on the oxidative effect of ozone indoors]. PMID- 6618221 TI - [Mathematical calculations for determining the concentration-time dependence in toxicological research]. PMID- 6618222 TI - [Gas chromatographic determination of phytoncides in the air]. PMID- 6618223 TI - [Methodological approach to assessing the accuracy and reliability of computational equations for the approximate safe levels of substances]. PMID- 6618225 TI - [Analysis of the subject of child and adolescent hygiene from the position of materialistic dialectics]. PMID- 6618224 TI - [Effect of atmospheric ionization on the accumulation of pollutants in the environment]. PMID- 6618226 TI - [Opportunistic microorganisms as a function of the evolutionary-ecological complex]. PMID- 6618227 TI - [Approaches to organizing socialist competition among the epidemiological health institutions of Ivano-Frankovsk Province]. PMID- 6618228 TI - [Experimental study of the blastomogenic properties of the disperse dye fast yellow 4K]. PMID- 6618229 TI - [Photometric determination of magnesium oxide aerosols in the atmosphere]. PMID- 6618230 TI - [Effect of the intellectual load on the status of higher nervous activity and work capacity of technical school pupils]. PMID- 6618231 TI - [Experimental substantiation of the maximum permissible concentration of barium ferrite in the atmosphere]. PMID- 6618232 TI - [Establishment of the maximum permissible concentration of magnesium chlorate in the atmosphere]. PMID- 6618233 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of wolfram as an atmospheric pollutant]. PMID- 6618234 TI - [Spread and survival of antibiotic-resistant salmonellae in water]. PMID- 6618235 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the microclimate and the human thermal status in the performance of light work in Siberian enterprises]. PMID- 6618236 TI - [Criteria for assessing human thermal status for establishing standards requirements for an industrial microclimate]. PMID- 6618237 TI - [Kinetics of metals in the body of white rats administered a multiple metal mixture]. PMID- 6618239 TI - [Determination of the temperature parameters of polymer thermal oxidation in a toxicological experiment]. PMID- 6618238 TI - [Gonadotoxic action of methyl-N-(2-benzimidazolyl)carbamate with a probability assessment of its effective concentrations]. PMID- 6618240 TI - [Potential for using sevilene in contact with food products and for the manufacture of toys]. PMID- 6618241 TI - [Establishment of microclimate standards for industrial quarters taking into account the intensity of operator's work]. PMID- 6618242 TI - [Hygienic establishment of the maximum permissible concentration of manganese in soil]. PMID- 6618244 TI - Computer games for the frail elderly. PMID- 6618243 TI - Peer counselor training with the elderly. PMID- 6618245 TI - A crisis intervention service: comparison of younger and older adult clients. PMID- 6618246 TI - Dyadic family relations and social support. PMID- 6618247 TI - Planning a cancer control program for older citizens. PMID- 6618248 TI - Evaluation of the effectiveness of professionals and nonprofessionals as instructors of "coping with depression" classes for elders. PMID- 6618249 TI - New directions or old themes revisited? The present federal role in service entitlements. PMID- 6618250 TI - Human services constraints at state and local levels. PMID- 6618251 TI - Economic security for the elderly: national and international perspectives. PMID- 6618252 TI - Work careers of ever married and never married retired women. PMID- 6618253 TI - Behavioral competencies of older college students: a self-efficacy approach. PMID- 6618254 TI - Seasonal growth and development and the influence of the eyes and pineal gland on body weight of golden hamsters (M. auratus). AB - Golden hamsters, especially males, blinded at 42 days of age respond with a rapid increase in growth rate which varied seasonally. Eight weeks after blinding, maximum weights were achieved in the late summer, early fall and minimal weights in late winter, early spring. This seasonal response appears to be endogenous and not a consequence of photoperiod, temperature, age, sex or sexual activity. Long term studies indicate that blinding rapidly enhances the growth rates of males and also changes the stable adult weight (set-point) to a new, higher plateau similar to that of the normal female. This response is modified by pinealectomy. Little or no long term effects on organ weights by blinding and/or pinealectomy were evident. Circannual rhythms in body weights of either sex were not evident. Mortality over the 11 1/2 months of the study was increased in the blinded animals but was reversed by pinealectomy. Indeed, the pinealectomized females survived better than normal females. PMID- 6618255 TI - The effect of maternal smoking on the timing of deciduous tooth eruption. AB - The mean age at the eruption of the first deciduous tooth was calculated for the 10,443 children of a birth cohort in 1966 in Northern Finland. Eruption was advanced by one week on average in the 1,559 children whose mothers had smoked during pregnancy, the difference between these and their controls being statistically significant. A regression analysis on the age at tooth eruption showed highly significant "explanatory" variables, in addition to maternal smoking, to be weight and height at birth and at 6 months, and gestational age, while place of residence on a north-south axis was of lesser significance. PMID- 6618256 TI - Necroscopic findings of variably acid-fast bacteria in a fatal case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and Kaposi's sarcoma. AB - Acid-fast stained necroscopic sections from a fatal case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) occurring in a 48-year old homosexual man, were studied for the presence of bacteria. Variably acid-fast coccoid forms suggestive of cell wall deficient bacteria, were observed within sections of the heart, liver, small intestines, adrenal glands, testes, and throughout the connective tissue. This study, as well as previously reported similar studies of AIDS and KS, and other forms of cancer, again suggests that variably acid-fast bacteria may be primary pathogenic agents in these diseases. PMID- 6618257 TI - Growth of fiber types and apparent fiber number in skeletal muscle of broiler- and layer-type chickens. AB - Proportions of myofiber types, radial growth (diameter) of myofibers and apparent myofiber number were measured at the midsection of the sartorius muscle of broiler- and layer-type chickens. Broiler birds grew mor rapidly than layer birds so that in comparisons at equal age, broilers had heavier body and muscle weights, larger diameter type I and II myofibers and greater apparent myofiber number. The proportion of type II red myofibers decreased and that of type II white myofibers increased during growth. These changes occurred at a younger age in broiler-type birds. At equal body weights, however, broiler- and layer-type birds had similar proportions of the various myofiber types, which indicates that development of myofiber types is affected by functional demands on skeletal muscle related to increasing body weight. At equal body weights, broilers had larger diameter type II myofibers than layers and had a more rapid rate of type II myofiber radial hypertrophy during growth. In contrast, layer-type birds had larger type I myofibers than did broilers and the rate of radial growth was similar between breeds. Apparent myofiber number per unit of body weight increased during growth at a similar rate in the two types of birds but broilers had greater numbers of myofibers. It was concluded that more rapid growth and greater muscularity of broiler-type birds are caused by more rapid myofiber hypertrophy and the presence of more myofibers. It is suggested that selection for growth and muscularity favors factors that promote selective radial hypertrophy of type II myofibers as seen in broiler-type chickens. PMID- 6618258 TI - A morphological study of the development of the tibial proximal epiphysis and growth plate of normal and dwarfed Snell mice. AB - In normal and dwarfed Snell mice, the postnatal development through the first 70 days of life of the proximal tibial epiphysis and its growth plate has been studied, using histometric techniques and qualitative histological descriptions. The tibia appears to be fairly representative for longitudinal skeletal growth, since a linear relationship between partial tibia length (PTL) and body length was found. In dwarf mice PTL is deviating from normal at approximately 14 days of age. Histological difference becomes apparent much earlier. At five days of age in normal mice, hypertrophic cartilage cells appear, foreshadowing the development of the secondary centre of ossification. In dwarf mice this centre develops after 9 days of age, its size remains far below normal. Furthermore ther is a great difference in the thickness of various cartilage zones with age: the R zone remains quite large in dwarfs, in contrast to normals; the P-zone changes almost completely in parallel in normals and dwarfs and the D-zone in dwarfs is narrower from the beginning. In addition there is a collapsed and disorganized aspect of the rows in the P-zone in dwarfs. Therefore it can be concluded that the hormonal deficiencies in dwarfs lead to more profound disturbances than just a retarded but otherwise normal growth and development. The specific role of each hormone in the processes will be better understood by detailed replacement studies. PMID- 6618259 TI - The influence of growth hormone, somatomedins, prolactin and thyroxine on the morphology of the proximal tibial epiphysis and growth plate of Snell dwarf mice. AB - The effects of replacement therapy with growth hormone, somatomedins, prolactin, thyroxine and the combination of growth hormone and thyroxine on the proximal tibial epiphysis and its growth plate, have been studied in Snell dwarf mice by histometric measurements. All substances tested induce an increase of the partial tibia length, the width of the metaphysis and the number of capillaries in the metaphysis. Differences however become apparent in the epiphyseal growth plate and the development of the secondary ossification centre. Growth hormone has a clear, though smaller effect on the size of the ossification centre than thyroxine. With the combination of both hormones, intermediate values are obtained, suggesting an inhibition of hGH on thyroxine-induced osteogenesis. Roughly two groups of hormones can be distinguished: growth hormone, SM and prolactin, acting mainly on cell division as shown by an increase of the zones of proliferating and degenerating cells; and thyroxine, alone or in combination with growth hormone, acting mainly on the zone of rest cells without affecting the zones of proliferating and degenerating cells. PMID- 6618260 TI - Form of the individual growth curve and developmental rate of the high arctic nematode Chiloplacus sp. AB - The growth of Chiloplacus sp. at 10 degrees C is described by the logistic equation: (formula: see text) where W is dry weight in micrograms, 0.5085 is the asymptote in micrograms dry weight, 0.1725 is a constant which is proportional to over-all growth rate, t is time in days from hatching, and 23.7 is time in days from hatching to the point of inflection of growth curve. The point of inflection is at approximately 47% of the asymptote. Mean dry weight of newly laid eggs was 0.0092 micrograms, hatching weight was 0.0084 micrograms, and maximum adult weight was 0.5260 micrograms. The first eggs were laid 26 %/- 2 days after hatching by individuals weighing 0.3 micrograms. The first offspring hatched 38 +/- 2 days after their parents hatched. The growth curve of Chiloplacus sp. resembled the sigmoidal curves obtained by Ricklefs for many small birds, and was "intermediate" in terms of von Bertalanffy's metabolic/growth types. The growth of probable K strategists like the large, slow growing dorylaimids is probably best described by the von Bertalanffy growth equation (von Bertalanffy's "first" metabolic growth type). Extreme r strategists, including the small, rapidly growing rhabditids, probably tend towards exponential growth curves (von Bertalanffy's "second" metabolic/growth type). The growth rate and time of sexual maturity of Chiloplacus sp., like the growth curve, appeared "intermediate" compared with other nematodes. PMID- 6618261 TI - Copper deficiency in Helianthus annuus L.: developmental and metabolic consequences, stomatal function and senescence. AB - The effects of copper deficiency on developmental morphology and on age related metabolic activity, water utilization, stomatal response to light and leaf senescence in the sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., were monitored by sampling single leaves representing each leaf pair at designated harvest times during much of the vegetative lifespan. Plants grown in nutrient solutions lacking copper exhibited no apparent abnormalities during early vegetative growth and leaf morphology differed little from controls. There were no significant differences in rates of respiratory oxygen uptake of basal leaves between minus copper and controls. The effects of copper deficiency on rates of photosynthetic oxygen evolution were related to leaf age: rates were lower than controls in young basal leaves but higher as these leaves approached senescence. Both respiration and photosynthesis were more susceptible to KCN inhibition in minus copper leaves than in controls. There were no differences in cumulative water use per plant during the first five weeks after transfer of seedlings to nutrient solutions and only minor differences in stomatal aperture and guard cell potassium levels in ambient greenhouse light. Both minus copper and control leaves exhibited a sequential loss of stomatal function. Decay in the turgor driven opening response to light preceded loss of light dependent uptake of potassium into guard cells. Both changes in stomatal response to light occurred before major breakdown of chlorophyll. Basal leaves of sunflowers grown in minus copper nutrient solution tended to be retained longer and exhibited delayed loss of chlorophyll. PMID- 6618262 TI - The effect of androgens on DNA synthesis by fetal hemopoietic stromal cells. AB - Fibroblast-like stromal cells from mid-term fetal bovine liver and bone marrow were grown in liquid culture. The low proliferative activity of these cells is highly increased by serum, after entering a quiescent stage by a serum step-down stimulus. In such condition, androgens stimulate DNA synthesis in stromal cells derived from liver. An inhibitory effect, however, was observed in stromal cells from fetal bone marrow. PMID- 6618263 TI - Body size, body form, and nutritional intake of Black girls age 9 years living in rural and urban regions of eastern North Carolina. AB - Anthropometric and dietary data were obtained on 78 rural and 66 urban Black girls age 9 years residing in eastern North Carolina. Direct measures were taken of standing height, sitting height, upper limb length, arm girth, calf girth, and body weight. Body form indices were derived for arm girth in percentage of upper limb length, calf girth in percentage of lower limb length, and lower limb length in percentage of sitting height. Intakes of protein and calories were estimated from 24-hour dietary recall protocols. Rural girls, on average, had shorter upper and lower limbs than urban girls. The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein intake was met by almost all subjects. More than 60% of both rural and urban girls were below the RDA for calorie intake, and about 40% below the RDA for vitamin A intake. PMID- 6618264 TI - Craniofacial growth and size patterns during postnatal development. AB - Patterns of craniofacial growth and size relationships are described for a mixed longitudinal sample of 26 males and 25 females, followed serially from four years of age through adult status. The seven dimensions examined, derived from 663 lateral cephalograms, show differential patterns of negative allometric growth relative to statural increase. Relative growth is greatest for mandibular traits, followed by upper facial and neurocranial traits, respectively. Males exhibit greater relative growth than females. Craniofacial variation residual to allometry follows three independent patterns of association defined by principal component analysis. The components are age and sex independent, suggesting that after proportional changes related to absolute size or scale are controlled for, anterior facial, cranial height, and masticatory associations follow separate but proportionate patterns during growth. PMID- 6618265 TI - The British Society of Gastroenterology. Annual meeting 28 to 30 September 1983, York. Abstracts. PMID- 6618266 TI - Bile, bacteria and bowel cancer. PMID- 6618268 TI - Assessment of the reproducibility of the lactulose H2 breath test as a measure of mouth to caecum transit time. AB - The lactulose H2 breath test is in use as a simple non-invasive measurement of mouth to caecum transit time, but its reproducibility has never been assessed. We have examined the reproducibility of mouth to caecum transit time in 21 normal subjects using lactulose 10, 15, and 20 g; seven subjects being studied with 10 g and 12 each with 15 and 20 g doses. Transit time decreased with increasing doses of lactulose although the differences were not significant between or within (n = 5) individuals. Variation in transit times between individuals was considerable with all doses of lactulose (mean coefficient of variation of 18.5, 29.7 and 28.3% with 10, 15, and 20 g respectively). The addition of lactulose to a liquid meal containing carbohydrate, fat, and protein decreased the coefficient of variation to less than 10% in four subjects studied. The lactulose H2 breath test could be made more reproducible by including a liquid meal. PMID- 6618267 TI - Intracolonic environment and the presence of colonic adenomas in man. AB - A promoting effect of large bowel contents on colonic carcinogenesis as seen in the animal model is still incompletely explored in man. We investigated simultaneously deoxycholate absorption (as marker of colonic mucosal exposure to tumour promoting bile salt metabolites), mouth-anus transit time, and the ratio of anaerobic to aerobic bacteria in stool in 10 persons with colonic adenomas and in 10 age matched control subjects. We found that anaerobic/aerobic ratios and colonic deoxycholate absorption were higher in patients with colonic adenomas (p less than 0.002 and p less than 0.001) and that these parameters were clearly interrelated, which also applied to intestinal transit times and the anaerobic/aerobic ratios. These data are consistent with a promoting effect of the intracolonic environment on development of adenomas in man. Long term induction of a more aerobic colon flora and shortening of intestinal transit time may diminish bile-salt induced tumour promotion in adenoma patients. PMID- 6618270 TI - Histochemical changes in mucus in duodenal ulceration. AB - In duodenal ulceration the Alcian blue staining acid mucosubstances in goblet cells are reduced and the goblet cells themselves disappear. At the same time periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining neutral mucosubstances appear in the cells of the surface epithelium. These changes have been measured quantitatively with the help of a Vickers M86/0010 Scanning and Integrated Microdensitometer. During healing the changes are reversed. It is suggested that these changes suggest a metaplasia towards a gastric type mucosa as a protective response to the presence of ulceration. PMID- 6618269 TI - Disordered small intestinal motility: a rational basis for toddlers' diarrhoea. AB - Toddler diarrhoea is the commonest cause of chronic diarrhoea without failure to thrive in childhood, but its pathogenesis remains obscure. We have studied upper small intestinal motility in three groups of children (control group 1 - children with no intestinal pathology undergoing duodenal intubation, n = 6; control group 2 - children with gastrointestinal pathology other than toddler diarrhoea, n = 11; control group 3 - children with toddler diarrhoea, n = 8). We studied fasting motor patterns and the response of the migrating motor complex to intravenous cholecystokinin and an intraduodenal bolus of 5% dextrose. The characteristics of the migrating motor complex in the three groups did not differ but their response to dextrose did. Intraduodenal dextrose disrupted the migrating motor complex in four out of four children in group 1; seven out of nine children in group 2; and nil of eight children with toddler diarrhoea in group 3. We suggest that this failure of intestinal motor response may play a major role in the pathogenesis of the diarrhoea in this condition. PMID- 6618271 TI - Changes in the biophysical properties and ultrastructure of lungs, and intrapulmonary fibrin deposition in experimental acute pancreatitis. AB - Using an experimental model of acute pancreatitis in the rat, we have studied changes in the biophysical properties of lungs and intrapulmonary fibrin deposition in this condition. Acute pancreatitis is associated with a significant decrease in pulmonary compliance (p less than 0.01) and a significant increase in lung weight (p less than 0.01) compared with a control sham operation group. These changes are associated with a 24% increase in intrapulmonary 125I fibrinogen deposition (p less than 0.01), and an 18% increase in 125I fibrinogen deposition per gram of lung tissue (p less than 0.05) in acute pancreatitis, compared with a control sham operation group. The increased fibrinogen deposition is abolished by treatment with low dose heparin. Using the same animal model changes in pulmonary ultrastructure are shown using scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that pulmonary abnormalities are associated with intrapulmonary fibrin deposition in experimental acute pancreatitis and these findings may be relevant to the well described respiratory complications of the condition in man. PMID- 6618273 TI - Primary biliary cirrhosis: geographical clustering and symptomatic onset seasonality. AB - Patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (primary non-suppurative destructive cholangitis) in the north east region of England were studied over a five year period and, to evaluate epidemicity, compared with two contemporaneous disease series of known occurrence. These were: terminal renal failure, all causes (low or absent epidemicity n = 106) and an outbreak of echovirus 19 disease (high epidemicity n = 201). Eight primary biliary cirrhosis-affected men and 109 women from an estimated catchment population of 2.08 million were identified. The current diagnosis rate was 1.0/100 000 (1.8/100 000 for women of 15 or more). There were 18 deaths, mean survival from diagnosis 4.0 years. Within the region prevalence varied from 3.7/100 000 in rural areas to 14.4/100 000 in industrial urban areas. In the conurbation, prevalence rates varied insignificantly. Here, most cases were concentrated in central districts, where the proportion of asymptomatic presentations was 50%. Outside the conurbation the asymptomatic proportion fell to 21%, suggesting low incidental diagnosis rates. When compared with echovirus 19, primary biliary cirrhosis was of low or absent epidemicity, and similar to renal failure in its uniform geographical distribution and lack of clustering. Forty three patients (37% of the total), however, had significantly seasonal symptomatic presentations (p less than 0.01), although scan statistic testing failed to show clustering of onset in time. Apparently provocative factors associated with primary biliary cirrhosis symptomatic onset were identified in only 11 (9.4%) of patients. Age-specific onset rates rose linearly between ages 35 and 65, and nearly one third of patients presented after 65 years, two thirds of deaths occurring in this age group. There is thus no evidence in north east England of geographical anomalies in the distribution of primary biliary cirrhosis. International differences may be partly explained by environmental factors influencing seasonal presentation, such as sunlight. Diagnosis rates are profoundly influenced by increased medical awareness, especially in the elderly, of this now relatively common disease and increased use of the mitochondrial (AMA) antibody test. PMID- 6618272 TI - Effect of cysteamine on gastroduodenal mucosal histamine in rat. AB - Cysteamine administration to rats is followed by a high incidence of peptic ulceration. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of cysteamine on gastric and duodenal mucosal histamine and gastric mucosal histamine formation capacity. After a four hour fast, cysteamine in doses of 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mg/kg bodyweight was injected subcutaneously to male Wistar rats; saline injection was used as control. After 24 hours the animals were killed; the stomach and duodenum were removed and examined for ulceration. Mucosal biopsies were taken for histamine studies. Gastric and duodenal ulceration tended to appear with increasing incidence with higher doses. A direct correlation was found between the dose of cysteamine and gastric mucosal histamine (p less than 0.02), and duodenal mucosal histamine (p less than 0.05). Further, a direct relationship was found between gastric mucosal histidine decarboxylase activity and the dose of cysteamine (p less than 0.05). Gastric mucosal histamine and histidine decarboxylase activity showed a direct correlation (p less than 0.001). Gastric and duodenal mucosal histamine and gastric mucosal histamine formation capacity were higher in rats with ulcers than in controls and rats without ulcers. In rat, cysteamine induces dose related changes in mucosal histamine and histidine decarboxylase activity. These changes are related to ulcer formation; histamine may be involved in the pathophysiology of cysteamine induced ulcer formation. PMID- 6618274 TI - A pathophysiological study of the intestinal manifestations of a vasoactive intestinal peptide, calcitonin, and catecholamine-secreting tumour. AB - A three year old girl with severe watery diarrhoea and a vasoactive intestinal peptide, calcitonin, and catecholamine-secreting supra-renal ganglioneuroblastoma is reported. Steady-state perfusion studies showed the jejunum to be in a net secretory state with respect to water, sodium, and chloride at low concentrations (2 mmol/l) of glucose whereas higher concentrations (56 mmol/l) reversed secretion to absorption; transmural rectal potential difference was increased (lumen negative); Na+ absorption by the rectum was impaired and secretion of potassium and bicarbonate excessive. Motility studies showed prolonged, slowly propagated migrating motor complexes with abnormal runs of non-propagated contractions in the fasting state. During perfusion with glucose, no postprandial activity occurred. These results suggest that diarrhoea results from small intestinal secretion with impaired colonic function and that tumour products may have a direct effect on intestinal motility. PMID- 6618275 TI - Inflammatory obstruction of oesophageal tubes. AB - Two patients, intubated for inoperable carcinoma of the oesophagus, recently presented with their tubes blocked by granulation tissue. This complication has not been previously reported. The tissue macroscopically resembled normal mucosa in one and recurrent tumour in the other. The presentation, aetiology, and significance of this granulation tissue is discussed. PMID- 6618276 TI - Splenic function in adult coeliac disease. PMID- 6618277 TI - Varicocoele caused by a pancreatic pseudocyst. PMID- 6618278 TI - Severe acquired antithrombin III deficiency in relation to hepatic and renal insufficiency and intrauterine fetal death in late pregnancy. AB - Acute fatty liver (AFLP) is a rare complication of late pregnancy. The maternal and fetal mortality has earlier been reported to be about 75%, but during the last decade a reduced mortality to about 30 and 50%, respectively, has been reported in the literature. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) has been suggested as a contributing cause to the high mortality. The treatment of DIC has long been under debate, and recently the administration of antithrombin III (AT) concentrate in addition to other supportive treatment has been reported successful. This paper presents the survival of 1 patient with severe liver and renal failure indicating AFLP complicated by severe disturbances in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. The patient was treated with AT concentrate and small doses of heparin, blood coagulation factors, large amounts of glucose intravenously and supportive intensive care. The pregnancy was terminated by cesarean section. The child was stillborn and 75% of the placental parenchyma was fibrosed. PMID- 6618279 TI - Cord serum growth hormone in the human fetus. Sex difference and a negative correlation with birth weight. AB - Cord venous growth hormone (GH) were measured by radioimmunoassay in 88 infants and 11 anencephalic infants. The mean GH levels decreased gradually from midgestation, preterm to term fetus. There was a significant (p less than 0.01) sex difference in the GH level of term fetuses. Anencephalic infants had low GH levels. There was a significant (p less than 0.01) negative correlation between the cord GH level and birth weight in the normal infant. These data suggest that there is a sex difference for fetal GH secretion and that GH is not so important for fetal growth, but the hypothalamus plays an essential role in the regulation of fetal GH secretion. PMID- 6618280 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of human Fallopian tube in ectopic pregnancy. AB - The scanning electron microscopy by virtue of its high resolution topographic reproduction of epithelial surfaces lining the female genital tract, provides unique information toward understanding the anatomy and physiology of the female reproductive system. The human Fallopian ectopic pregnancy is an urgent gynecologic event, which was and still is a diagnostic challenge. There is an increase in the incidence of ectopic pregnancy in recent years. With the purpose of exploring the etiology of tubal ectopic pregnancy from the ultrastructure point of view, we examined 7 cases of tubal pregnancy and compared them to a similar number of normal tubes. We do not find evidence to the pathophysiology of tubal pregnancy by examination of the ultrastructure of the human tube with scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 6618281 TI - Menstrual-cycle-dependent and -independent features of the human Fallopian tube fimbrial epithelium: an ultrastructural and cytochemical study. AB - Ultrastructural and cytochemical features of 100 specimens of human Fallopian tube fimbrial epithelium were studied to determine whether they were dependent on or independent of the ovarian hormones. Characteristics which were independent of hormonal control included the presence of alkaline phosphatase reaction product along the apical cell membrane of the secretory cell and its absence in the ciliary cell. Acid phosphatase reaction product was found in ciliary and secretory cell lysosomes in similar numbers and calcium deposits were observed in ciliary and secretory cell nuclei, nucleoli and cell membranes. On the other hand, characteristics dependent on stages of the cycle included the presence of mitochondrial-bound calcium during the preovulatory phase and its depletion during the periovulatory phase. The same sequence was noticed in the content of the large ciliary cell perinuclear globules, which displayed accumulations of glycogen and lipid in preovulatory phase and their depletion during the periovulatory phase. It seems that during the periovulatory phase the increased metabolic activity of the cells is accompanied by utilization of some of the material stored within the cells. PMID- 6618282 TI - Diabetes-associated endometrial disruption in the ketonuric, diabetic Chinese hamster. AB - The effects of the ketonuric-diabetic (KD) condition on uterine endometrial morphology were studied in the genetically diabetic Chinese hamster. All KD hamsters were matched for age, body weight and cyclic state with nondiabetic control animals. All KD hamsters were reproductively acyclic as compared to controls. The uterine epithelium of KD hamsters was devoid of surface microvilli, secretory activity, and exhibited a height reduction as compared to controls. The basal lamina underlying the luminal epithelium was 2-5 times as thick in the KD condition than control. The endometrial stroma was disrupted in the KD hamsters, with the endometrium composed of rounded cells surrounded by a thickened intercellular matrix. This was in marked contrast to the stroma of controls which consisted of an orderly array of fibroblasts and collagen fibers. Stromal vessels had a thickened basement membrane in diabetic animals. The results of this study indicate that epithelial and stromal disruption are associated with the KD state in the Chinese hamster and are probably causally associated with reproductive failure. PMID- 6618283 TI - A clinicopathological study of IUD users with special reference to endometrial patterns and endometritis. AB - A group of 65 IUD users was studied during a period of 165 years of use, with a mean of 2.6 +/- 1.7 years per woman. The main complaint which differed significantly from the 120 controls was the occurrence of spotting in 33.8% of IUD users. Normal endometrial mucosae were found in 36.9% of IUD users and 38.7% of controls. Chronic endometritis was evidenced in 35.4% of IUD users versus 12.5% of controls; the former were asymptomatic in 25.0% of the cases. 39.1% of them had normal endometrial synchrony. Chronic endometritis occurred 2.2 +/- 1.3 years after insertion of the device. Endometritis was always symptomatic in controls; only 13.3% of them exhibited endometrial synchrony. The fundamental mechanism(s) responsible for the contraceptive efficiency of intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUD) remains a subject of controversy and a field of investigation. The most recent studies are essentially directed towards the biochemical analysis of uterine fluid [1]. Nevertheless, the presence of an inflammatory process, either morphologically or biochemically detectable, seems to be one of the fundamental modifications induced by the IUD. Since a certain reluctance to use IUDs has been observed in some countries, which has been ascribed mainly to contradictory reports on the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women wearing such devices [2], we found it interesting to intend to objectivate and reevaluate the influence of IUD on chronic aspecific endometritis, a possible precursor state of salpingitis and PID. PMID- 6618284 TI - Relationship between the maturation index and lactate dehydrogenase activity in human vaginal epithelium. AB - Simultaneous determinations of LDH activity in the vaginal epithelium and the maturation index of the vaginal smear were performed for 7 postmenopausal women receiving estrogen therapy and for 4 premenopausal women. Of the premenopausal women, 1 was receiving cyclic estradiol valerate-levo-norgestrel therapy; the others were menstruating regularly and had no hormone therapy. A good correlation was found between the strength of the estrogen therapy and LDH activity. In general, a positive correlation was found between a high level of LDH activity and a shift to the right in the maturation index. Where inflammation occurred, the LDH activity reflected the estrogen effect, whereas the maturation index did not do so. PMID- 6618285 TI - An evaluation of early pregnancy HCG determination as a prognostic tool for fetal outcome. AB - In a retrospective study of 150 pregnant women with high or low serum HCG levels at the time they sought acute advice at the ward, two categories of women were found: a majority (n = 111) who had abdominal pain and/or vaginal bleeding, and a minor group (n = 39) who worried about their condition but were otherwise symptom free. The underlying reason for the difference in clinical outcome amongst 'bleeding' and 'concern' women with both high and low HCG serum values are discussed. It is concluded that women with abnormal HCG levels in early pregnancy deserved close attention in the 3rd trimester. PMID- 6618286 TI - Estimation of the uteroplacental perfusion by use of 113mIn-transferrin and an iterative regression method. AB - For the clinical evaluation of the uteroplacental blood flow the radioactivity curve over the placenta is recorded by means of a gamma scintillation camera and is calculated by iterative regression method. The flow curves were attributable with good clinical relevance to 3 perfusion types: perfusion type I indicates unimpaired uteroplacental flow. Type II is a transitional type to the pathological type III. Over two-thirds of the type III cases gave births to babies with signs of moderate to severe malnutrition and in 1 case an intrauterine death occurred. PMID- 6618287 TI - Oxytocin determination by radioimmunoassay. AB - A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay method was developed for the determination of oxytocin in human serum. Serum oxytocin levels were assayed in five healthy male volunteers and four healthy non pregnant female volunteers after rapid intravenous injection of 2 U synthetic oxytocin. Peak oxytocin levels were found at 30 s after intravenous administration. The half-life (T1/2) of oxytocin was 6 min 22 s in male and 6 min 53 s in female serum. PMID- 6618288 TI - Antithrombin III and factor Xa inhibitor in atherosclerosis. AB - 75 patients with atherosclerosis divided into five disease groups (previous myocardial infarction and cerebral thrombosis, angina pectoris, transient ischemic attacks, arteriosclerosis obliterans) were studied and compared to 20 healthy subjects. Antithrombin III (AT III) concentration was determined by single radial immunodiffusion; AT III and factor Xa-inhibitor (Xa-I) activities were measured by amidolytic methods. No significant difference was found in any group of patients as compared to normal controls by all the methods. A positive correlation was found between AT III concentration and AT III activity, AT III concentration and Xa-I activity, AT III activity and Xa-I activity. Results are discussed in relation to the literature data. PMID- 6618289 TI - Influence of thrombin inhibitors on the thrombin-induced activation of human blood platelets. AB - The influence of thrombin inhibitors, which differ both in their chemical structure and type of inhibition, on the thrombin-platelet reaction was studied. The inhibitory effects of the competitive inhibitors tested on the thrombin induced platelet reaction correlated well with their effects on the thrombin catalyzed fibrinogen conversion and on the thrombin-catalyzed hydrolysis of synthetic substrates. Heparin and antithrombin III inhibited the thrombin-induced platelet reaction. However, heparin did not potentiate the inhibition by antithrombin III of the thrombin-platelet reaction. PMID- 6618290 TI - Effect of heavy metals and alkali metals on L-leucine uptake by human blood platelets. AB - The transport of L-leucine into human blood platelets was characterized as a function of time and amino acid concentration in the medium. Inhibition analyses showed that L-leucine uptake can be only partially inhibited by other amino acids including those which are believed to be transported by the same L system. When Cu2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Co2+, Fe2+, Ba2+, or Cd2+ were introduced into the transport medium to the final concentrations of 2.5 and 5.0 mM, they inhibited significantly the L-leucine uptake into platelets. In contrast, the initial rate of L-leucine uptake was enhanced by Cu+ ions. Ceruloplasmin, a copper transporting protein, caused almost a complete inhibition of L-leucine uptake. PMID- 6618291 TI - Prevention by methylprednisolone of disseminated intravascular coagulation induced by sustained infusion of endotoxin in rats. AB - An experimental model of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) could be induced by a sustained infusion of 100 mg/kg of endotoxin for 4 h. Using this experimental model of DIC, the preventive effect of methylprednisolone against DIC was examined. Rats were injected with methylprednisolone at 0.1, 1.0, 10.0 or 30.0 mg/kg i.p., and thereafter infused continuously with 100 mg/kg/4 h of endotoxin. When compared with rats given no methylprednisolone, the significant prevention was noted in parameters, such as fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products, fibrinogen level, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, platelet count, and the formation of fibrin thrombi in the glomeruli, in rats pretreated with 1.0, 10.0 or 30.0 mg/kg of methylprednisolone. PMID- 6618292 TI - [Treatment of end-stage diabetic nephropathy]. PMID- 6618293 TI - [The contraceptive pill and vascular accidents]. PMID- 6618294 TI - [Medical imaging by nuclear magnetic resonance]. PMID- 6618296 TI - [The clinical significance of duodeno-gastric reflux]. PMID- 6618295 TI - [Alopecia and vitamins]. PMID- 6618297 TI - [Prevention of road accidents in children]. PMID- 6618299 TI - [The prognostic value of the electrocardiogram after acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6618298 TI - [Agenesis of the corpus callosum]. PMID- 6618301 TI - [Massive hematuria due to renal artery aneurysm]. PMID- 6618300 TI - [Effect of colchicine and streptokinase therapy on Budd-Chiari syndrome in Behcet's disease]. PMID- 6618302 TI - [Pemphigus folliaceous following D-penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6618303 TI - [Keratoconjunctivitis following pediculocides]. PMID- 6618304 TI - [Paget's disease of the left humerus simulating angina pectoris]. PMID- 6618305 TI - [Fetal echocardiography--a new technique for fetal cardiac evaluations]. PMID- 6618306 TI - [Gastroplasty for morbid obesity]. PMID- 6618307 TI - [Neonatal brain ultrasonography]. PMID- 6618308 TI - [The tabor stapes replacement prosthesis]. PMID- 6618309 TI - [What happens to the parietal cell following vagotomy?]. PMID- 6618310 TI - [Visual hallucinations induced by pindolol]. PMID- 6618311 TI - [Cancer of Bartholin's gland]. PMID- 6618312 TI - [Idiopathic edema]. PMID- 6618313 TI - [Hypnosis for acute emotional reactions in Sjogren's syndrome]. PMID- 6618314 TI - [Follicular thyroid carcinoma presenting as subacute thyroiditis]. PMID- 6618315 TI - [Chediac-Higashi syndrome in an Arab family]. PMID- 6618316 TI - [The diagnosis and management of postmenopausal osteoporosis]. PMID- 6618317 TI - [Management of terminal renal failure in Kubbutzim]. PMID- 6618318 TI - [Surgical teaching--a model for clinical education]. PMID- 6618319 TI - [Adrenoreceptors 1982]. PMID- 6618320 TI - [Treatment of obesity by gastroplasty]. PMID- 6618321 TI - [Idiopathic edema]. PMID- 6618323 TI - [Diabetic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6618322 TI - [Kawasaki disease]. PMID- 6618324 TI - [Acetylcholine receptor antibodies in myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 6618325 TI - [Dacryocystorhinostomy with temporary intubation of the lacrimal drainage system]. PMID- 6618326 TI - [Campylobacter jejuni infections]. PMID- 6618327 TI - [Campylobacter fetus bacteremia]. PMID- 6618328 TI - [Endoscopic urethrotomy in urethral stricture]. PMID- 6618329 TI - [Patau syndrome with unusual chromosomal features]. PMID- 6618330 TI - [Autoimmune disease preceding lymphoma by 10 years]. PMID- 6618331 TI - [Congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle]. PMID- 6618332 TI - [The mucociliary system in the respiratory tract]. PMID- 6618333 TI - [Surgical intervention in utero]. PMID- 6618334 TI - [Reye syndrome--a disease of susceptible mitochondria]. PMID- 6618335 TI - [Hypertensive encephalopathy]. PMID- 6618336 TI - [Health related behavior in high school students: IV. Relationships between behavioral attributes]. PMID- 6618337 TI - [Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)]. PMID- 6618338 TI - [International working formulation for the histological classification on non Hodgkin's lymphoma]. PMID- 6618339 TI - [Calcium antagonists in the treatment of hypertension]. PMID- 6618340 TI - [Studies on the pharmacological bases of fetal toxicity of drugs. III. Fetal toxicity of potassium nitrate in 2 generations of rats]. AB - The fetal toxicity of potassium nitrate (KNO3) used widely as a food additive was studied in Wistar rats. The pregnant rats were fed a diet containing 2.5, 0.5 or 0.1% of KNO3 from day 7 to 14 of pregnancy. Neither maternal nor fetal toxicity including external malformations were observed at term in any group. After spontaneous delivery, the offspring were reared until 13 weeks after birth. No harmful effects were detected in any group. The female offspring (F1) of all groups were mated with the male (F1) of the same group. Good reproductive performances were shown in all groups. The pregnant rats were fed the same diet, which their mothers (F0) had been fed, from day 7 to 14 of pregnancy. Various types of malformations such as exencephaly, cleft lip and palate, polydactyly and micro- or anophthalmia were observed in 6 of 133 fetuses and 7 of 63 newborns from dams treated with 2.5% KNO3, but no external malformations were observed in other groups. The male offspring (F2) of the treated groups showed slow growth until 13 weeks after birth. These results suggest that a dose of 2.5% KNO3 is toxic to the F2 generation, but not to the F1 generation. PMID- 6618341 TI - [Studies on the inhibitory effect of etafenone hydrochloride on platelet aggregation]. AB - The inhibitory effect of etafenone hydrochloride (etafenone) on platelet aggregation in rabbit platelet rich plasma and the involvement of the arachidonic acid (AA) cascade in the inhibitory mechanism for etafenone on platelet aggregation were studied. 1) Etafenone exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on collagen (15--20 micrograms/ml)-induced platelet aggregation, and its median inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 1.7 X 10(-5)M. 2) In ADP (20 microM) induced aggregation, etafenone also exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory effect, but its IC50 was 2.7 X 10(-4)M and was significantly higher than that in the case of collagen. 3) Etafenone inhibited AA (0.3--0.5mM)-induced platelet aggregation dose-dependently. Its IC50 was 2.8 X 10(-5)M. 4) In thromboxane (TX) A2-induced aggregation, etafenone exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition, and the IC50 was 3.2 X 10(-4)M. 5) Trapidil which was reported to inhibit platelet aggregation via phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibition had a similar IC50 on ADP- and TXA2-induced platelet aggregation to that of etafenone, but in collagen- and AA-induced aggregation, its IC50 was higher than that of etafenone. 6) Etafenone (3 X 10(-6) -3 X 10(-4)M) dose-dependently inhibited the production of TXB2 in PRP induced by collagen. 7) Etafenone scarcely affected TXA2 synthetase activity in rabbit platelet homogenate. 8) The correlation between the inhibitory effect of etafenone on platelet aggregation and inhibition of AA metabolism activation and PDE inhibition was discussed. PMID- 6618342 TI - [Effects of single and combined administration FM-100 and cimetidine on serum gastrin levels in rats]. AB - Antral pH was varied by an intragastric administration of a buffer solution with weak or strong acidity. There is a highly significant correlation between the intragastric pH and serum gastrin level (SG). FM-100 (800 mg/kg, i.d.) decreased SG independently of the intragastric pH, but cimetidine (400 mg/kg, i.d.) did not affect SG beyond the control range. The combination of FM-100 and cimetidine decreased SG significantly as compared with that after cimetidine alone; however, the SG was significantly higher than that after FM-100 alone. These results suggest that FM-100 inhibited gastrin release from the antrum independently of a feedback mechanism due to the intragastric pH, cimetidine increased SG dependently on the feedback mechanism, and FM-100 inhibited the increase in SG after cimetidine in pylorus-ligated rats. PMID- 6618343 TI - [Effect of cianidanol (KB-53) on delayed skin reactions in mice compromised by carbon tetrachloride and 1-naphthylisothiocyanate]. AB - A study was carried out to investigate the influence of 3 kinds of hepatotoxic agents on the peripheral blood leucocyte population, the splenocyte population and the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) in mice. These parameters were not affected by the intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine (Gal). The intensity of picryl chloride induced DTH (PC-DTH) in mice was significantly lowered with the administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and 1-naphtylisothiocyanate (ANIT) in a dose-dependent manner after the mice were sensitized to picryl chloride (PC) from one to three days after the subcutaneous injection of CCl4 and ANIT. However the peripheral blood leucocyte population and splenocyte population were not affected by these chemicals. The lowering effect of CCl4 and ANIT on PC DTH was somewhat weakened when PC sensitization was performed seven days after the injection of CCl4 and ANIT. No lowering effect was observed when PC sensitization was performed fourteen days after the injection of CCl4 and ANIT. The intensity of PPD induced DTH (PPD-DTH) was also lowered by the administration of CCl4 and ANIT when the sensitization to tubercle bacilli was performed three days after the injection of CCl4 and ANIT. Cianidanol (KB-53) prevented the decrease of PC-DTH and PPD-DTH in the mice injected with CCl4 and ANIT in a dose dependent manner, but did not affect DTH in normal mice. So it seems that KB-53 has an immunostimulating effect on decreased cellular immunity. PMID- 6618344 TI - [Effects of cianidanol on chronic liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride and on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rats]. AB - Effects of cianidanol on chronic liver injury induced by prolonged administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy of normal liver and CCl4 chronically injured liver were investigated by the measurement of plasma and liver biochemical parameters. Cianidanol increased the total plasma protein and 14C-Leu incorporation into plasma protein, while it reduced the contents of liver cholesterol and triglycerides. In rats with chronically injured liver or regenerating liver after partial hepatectomy of chronically injured liver, cianidanol improved the retention rate of BSP and the content of liver sugar. In rats with chronically injured liver, plasma GPT and GOT activities were reduced with the administration of cianidanol. Cianidanol had no effect on the regeneration rate after partial hepatectomy of normal liver, but it increased the regeneration rate after partial hepatectomy of chronically injured liver. These results suggest that cianidanol has the effect of improving the function of liver cells damaged by CCl4 treatment and of promoting the recovery of cell function to a normal level. PMID- 6618345 TI - [Pharmacological action of eptazocine (l-1,4-dimethyl-10-hydroxy-2,3,4,5,6,7 hexahydro-1,6-methano-1H-4-benzazonine). Effects of eptazocine on spontaneous movements]. AB - The effects of eptazocine on spontaneous movements in mice were investigated by using a multi-dimensional behavioral analyzer (Animex II) in comparison with those of pentazocine and morphine. Eptazocine at 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg increased the spontaneous movements in a dose-dependent fashion. On the contrary, the spontaneous movements in mice were significantly decreased by pentazocine in the same dose range. On the other hand, morphine produced biphasic effects: 20 mg/kg morphine inhibited the spontaneous movements, but it potentiated them at doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg. The effects of these three drugs on the spontaneous movements were antagonized by naloxone. The effects of pentazocine and morphine on the spontaneous movements were modified by the successive administration of these drugs, but not by eptazocine administration. The eptazocine-induced hyperactive movements were potentiated by apomorphine and were inhibited by haloperidol, alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine and disulfiram. On the contrary, the inhibitory effects of pentazocine on the spontaneous movements were antagonized by apomorphine. On the other hand, the inhibitory effects of 20 mg/kg morphine on the spontaneous movements were also inhibited by apomorphine and haloperidol. These results suggest that the pharmacological effects of eptazocine on the spontaneous movements in mice are different from those of pentazocine and morphine. The effects of eptazocine may be mediated by opiate receptors and catecholaminergic neurons, but the potency of eptazocine to induce tolerance is less than pentazocine and morphine. PMID- 6618346 TI - [Immunopharmacological actions of 6-amidino-2-naphthyl-4-guanidinobenzoate (FUT 175). 1. Effect of FUT-175 on immune response and host defense in mice]. AB - FUT-175 is a new synthetic protease inhibitor which strongly inhibits complement mediated hemolysis via the classical and alternative pathways. The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of FUT-175 on antibody formation and host defense in mice since the complement system participates in both immunological responses and host defense against bacterial infection. FUT-175 did not suppress the primary IgM and IgG antibody responses to sheep red blood cells, although FUT 175 was given at 10 to 100 mg/kg/day p.o. for 3 days before or after immunization. On the other hand, the primary anti-DNP IgE antibody response to DNP-conjugated ovalbumin was slightly suppressed only by post-administration of FUT-175 in a dose of 100 mg/kg/day p.o. for 5 days. However, the results of the adoptive transfer experiments indicate that FUT-175 did not affect either T cells or B cells participating in the secondary anti-DNP IgE antibody formation. FUT 175 in a dose of 10(-4)M but not at 10(-6) to 10(-5)M significantly decreased the proliferation of spleen cells caused by concanavalin A, lipopolysaccharide or the one-way mixed lymphocytes culture reaction using 1000 R-irradiated spleen cells from BDF1 mice as stimulator cells and those from C57BL/6 mice as responder cells. FUT-175 had an inhibitory rather than an enhancing effect on host defense to infection with Escherichia coli when administered at 10 to 100 mg/kg/day p.o. for 3 days before or after infection. These results strongly suggest that FUT-175 does not affect antibody formation and host defense in mice. PMID- 6618347 TI - [Effects of cianidanol (KB-53) on liver cirrhosis induced by CCl4 in rats: a pathological investigation]. AB - The therapeutic effects of cianidanol on the rat liver cirrhosis induced by CCl4 were investigated by means of pathological examination. Rats were administered with CCl4 subcutaneously twice a week for a consecutive 10 weeks. From a macroscopical viewpoint, pailing grayish discoloration, granular hyperplastic nodules and the disappearance of luster on the surface of the liver, and the formation of pseudolobule on the cut surface were observed in the control group. In the histopathological findings, degenerative fatty change and ballooning degeneration of parenchymal liver cells, a formation of pseudolobule caused by septal fibrosis proliferation, an acinar arrangement caused by pericellular fibrosis, and a cholangiollar proliferation were observed. All these abnormalities were diminished by the oral administration of 200 and 400 mg/kg of cianidanol for 7 days. The therapeutic effects of cianidanol were dose-dependent on the liver cirrhosis rats. Consequently, it is suggested that cianidanol has therapeutic effects on liver cirrhosis induced by CCl4 by relieving hepatocytes disorder, improving regeneration of hepatocytes and the absorption of proliferated fibrotic tissues. PMID- 6618348 TI - [Changes in glycoprotein composition of the tracheal submucosal glands caused by S-carboxymethylcysteine treatment]. AB - The mechanism for the expectorant effect of S-carboxymethylcysteine (S-CMC) was investigated histologically and histochemically using isolated canine trachea. Following S-CMC treatment, the number of total glycoprotein-containing goblet cells (GC) did not change. The numbers of acid glycoprotein (AGP)-, neutral glycoprotein (NGP)-, and sulphated glycoprotein (SGP)-containing GC were also unaltered in a concentration range of 10(-7) to 10(-4) M. On the other hand, the ratio of the acinar inner diameter of submucosal glands (SG) to the tracheal wall thickness significantly increased with 10(-5) and 10(-4) M S-CMC, and the thickness of the acini of SG significantly decreased with 10(-4) M S-CMC. Although the ratio of the numbers of AGP-to NGP-containing glandular cells and AGP content in the cells did not change, the number of SGP-containing glandular cells significantly decreased with 10(-4) M S-CMC, and SGP content in the cells significantly decreased concentration-dependently High concentrations (10(-5) and 10(-4) M) of S-CMC produced increases in total saccharide, protein and N acetylhexosamine concentrations in the incubation fluid. These findings suggest that S-CMC has a selective secretagogic action on SG, and an action which alters the composition of AGP, a chief viscous factor, in the mucous granules of SG. The expectorant effect of this agent may, at least in part, be ascribable to these actions. PMID- 6618349 TI - [Sequential changes of the activities of the dog tracheal secretory cells caused by intraduodenal application of brovanexine]. AB - The effects of brovanexine (BvX) on secretory activities of tracheal secretory cells and on behavior of mucus glycoprotein in these cells were investigated histologically and histochemically using the biopsy technique. When BvX was given at 10 or 20 mg/kg intraduodenally to anesthetized dogs, the thickness of the acini of submucosal glands (SG) and the ratio of the acinar inner diameter to the tracheal wall thickness (A1WR) markedly increased dose-dependently after 2 to 6 hr. The numbers of goblet cells (GC) and glandular cells showing a stain index B&P with a combination of alcian blue (AB) at pH 2.5 or pH 1.0 and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) were reduced dose-dependently after 1 to 6 hr, while the number of cells with a stain index R were increased. Both the BvX-induced histological changes in SG and histochemical changes in GC and SG reached a peak after 4 hr. These histological and histochemical changes were also found for the BR-227-, a metabolite of BvX, and bromhexine (BH)-treated groups. BR-227- or BH-induced histological changes were to the same degree as those induced by BvX, but BvX- or BR-227-induced histochemical changes were slighter than those induced by BH. The total number of GC stained positively with a combination of AB at pH 2.5 and PAS was unaffected by BvX or BH treatment, while BR-227 tended to decrease it. These findings suggest that BvX both has a secretagogic action selectively on SG and a mucolytic action toward acid glycoprotein in granules of secretory cells in vivo, and these actions are durable. PMID- 6618350 TI - Biological properties of acmycin, a new polyene antibiotic. AB - Acmycin, a new polyene antibiotic, was fungistatic at low and fungicidal at high concentrations. It produced malformations in conidia of Helminthosporium oryzae and Curvularia lunata and caused leakage of yeast cells. Acmycin was fairly nontoxic to germinating seeds. The intravenous LD50 was 300-400 and intraperitoneal maximum tolerated dose 100-500 mg/kg body mass of mice. PMID- 6618351 TI - Diabetic neuroarthropathy in the foot: patient characteristics and patterns of radiographic change. AB - The diagnosis of diabetic neuroarthropathy of the foot can be difficult. A series of 96 patients (116 extremities) who had diabetes and peripheral neuropathy with bone and joint changes was reviewed. Typically, the patients were middle-aged or older, were taking insulin, and had had diabetes for more than 10 years. Retinopathy, nephropathy, and peripheral vascular disease were often present. There were abnormalities of vibratory sensation (94%) and of the gastrosoleus reflex (88%). The finding of specific radiographic abnormalities assisted but did not reliably differentiate neuropathy from infection. Three patterns of radiographic changes were noted: (1) at the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints, usually with underlying ulceration; (2) at the tarsometatarsal joints; and (3) in the anterior pillar-medial column of the foot, with talus, talonavicular, navicular, or naviculocuneiform destruction. Ulceration and infection in patients with patterns (2) and (3) were rare. When correlated, the demographic features, mode of presentation, physical signs, specific radiographic abnormalities, and patterns of change were distinctive and allowed the diagnosis of this complication of diabetes to be readily made. PMID- 6618352 TI - An anatomic study of the short oblique fracture of the distal fibula and ankle stability. AB - The short oblique fracture of the distal fibula occurring as a stage 2 supination external rotation injury was investigated in respect to its effect on ankle stability in a series of cadaver dissections. Approximately 25 and 20 degrees of external rotational displacement of the distal fibula and talus, respectively, as well as approximately 1 mm of direct lateral talar shift were noted to be possible with this injury. This degree of rotational or lateral talar displacement was seen to result in tibiotalar joint incongruity. The deltoid ligament effectively prevented talar eversion but not the initial 2 to 3 mm of lateral talar displacement. Ankle stability in respect to medial talar shift was not compromised by removal of the medial malleolus. PMID- 6618353 TI - A dorsal wedge V osteotomy for painful plantar callosities. AB - A dorsal closing wedge proximal V metatarsal osteotomy is described for treatment of painful plantar callosities due to prominence of any of the five metatarsal heads. Forty-one osteotomies were performed over a 3-year period. In all patients so treated relief of symptoms was achieved, plantar callosities were resolved, and no significant complications occurred. PMID- 6618354 TI - Scleroderma of the foot: orthopaedic treatment. AB - Four patients with scleroderma involving the feet have been treated at Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles by the authors. All children had severe deformity of the feet secondary to the scleroderma. A review of the literature reveals little past mention of indications or treatments of this deformity in the past with the exception of the use of local steroids. Six feet in four children underwent orthopedic treatment. Treatment was primarily by casting to stretch soft tissues and gain as much correction as possible. Surgical correction of the remaining deformity by releasing the soft tissue contractures was then accomplished. Internal fixation of the foot in the corrected position was carried out in four cases. Three of the four patients showed significant improvement following soft tissue surgery and one patient was unchanged. Surgical treatment of the patient with scleroderma can be carried out safely as long as careful attention is paid to circulatory status and extensive preoperative casting and stretching of "soft" tissues is utilized. PMID- 6618355 TI - XIXth congress of the International Association of Logopedics and Phoniatrics. Edinburgh, August 14-18, 1983. Abstracts. PMID- 6618356 TI - Experimental evaluation of rigor mortis. VI. Effect of various causes of death on the evolution of rigor mortis. AB - The evolution of rigor mortis was studied in cases of nitrogen asphyxia, drowning and strangulation, as well as in fatal intoxications due to strychnine, carbon monoxide and curariform drugs, using a modified method of measurement. Our experiments demonstrated that: (1) Strychnine intoxication hastens the onset and passing of rigor mortis. (2) CO intoxication delays the resolution of rigor mortis. (3) The intensity of rigor may vary depending upon the cause of death. (4) If the stage of rigidity is to be used to estimate the time of death, it is necessary: (a) to perform a succession of objective measurements of rigor mortis intensity; and (b) to verify the eventual presence of factors that could play a role in the modification of its development. PMID- 6618357 TI - The estimation of the time of death by non-protein nitrogen (NPN) in cadaveric materials. Report 3: multiple regression analysis of NPN values in human cadaveric materials. AB - The non-protein nitrogen (NPN) values in brain, lung, liver, and kidney in 79 autopsy cases were determined according to the Micro-Kjeldahl Nessler method. Multiple regression analysis of the data was performed with every possible combination of the time of death and the NPN values in the tissues. The brain NPN showed the best correlation with the postmortem time (r = 0.673), whereas the other correlations were less satisfactory (lung r = 0.422, liver r = 0.397, and kidney r = 0.379, respectively). However, multiple combinations of each tissue NPN value proved to give better correlation coefficients and smaller errors of the estimated time of death. The practical significance of the tissue NPN as a postmortem biochemical indicator of the time of death and the multiple regression analysis of such indicators were extensively discussed in this report. PMID- 6618358 TI - The postmortem determination of CK isozymes in the pericardial fluid in various causes of death. AB - The authors have studied the CK isozyme pattern in the pericardial fluid of 100 cadavers autopsied in the Anatomic Forensic Institute of Granada. The samples were classified into several groups according to the cause of death: --Multiple trauma with thoracic contusion --Pneumonia and pulmonary embolism --Mechanical asphyxia --Cranio-cerebral trauma --Acute haemorrhage --Myocardial infarction - Others. The results showed that the CK isozyme pattern of pericardial fluid provides useful postmortem information of cardiac "status", adding to the diagnostic potential of CK isozymes. PMID- 6618359 TI - [Analysis of heroin samples with capillary gas chromatography. Comparison of glass capillary column and packed column]. AB - In forensic examination of illicit heroin samples high-resolution capillary gas chromatography is compared with gas chromatography with packed columns. Separation efficiency, reproducibility of qualitative and quantitative determinations and stability of the columns are examined. A practical method with silylation of the samples is presented which allows safe identification and quantification of many various compounds contained in illicit heroin samples. The gas chromatographic data of 35 substances (opium alkaloids and synthetic derivatives, adulterants and diluents) are listed. The method also allows the quantification of morphine, opium, and cocaine samples. PMID- 6618360 TI - [Phosphenes in the hemianopic field]. PMID- 6618361 TI - [Performance measurements of the visual system]. PMID- 6618362 TI - [Retinal circadian rhythms: local or central regulation?]. PMID- 6618363 TI - [Contrast-evoked responses in the human electroretinogram]. PMID- 6618364 TI - [DC-ERG responses to step-stimuli with large variation of stimulus-amplitude and adaptation]. PMID- 6618365 TI - [ERG findings in patients with intraocular silicone oil filling]. PMID- 6618366 TI - [Dependence of c-wave and fast oscillation of corneo-retinal potential on stimulus amplitude und adaptation level]. PMID- 6618367 TI - [Fast oscillation of the electro-oculogram in sectoral retinitis pigmentosa]. PMID- 6618368 TI - [Visual cortex potentials in vascular ischemic papilledema]. PMID- 6618369 TI - [Prostaglandin concentration in the aqueous humor after conjunctival-corneal alkali burns: correlation of biochemical, functional and morphological findings]. PMID- 6618370 TI - [Effect of antiphlogistic substances on postcontusional intraocular irritation an animal experiment study]. PMID- 6618371 TI - [Pharmacokinetic studies after gentamicin injections into the anterior chamber of rabbits]. PMID- 6618372 TI - [Metabolite-, total-protein and temperature behavior in the anterior segment and in the vitreous after vitreous elimination without lensectomy of the rabbit eye]. PMID- 6618374 TI - [New suggestions in the diagnosis and therapy of vascular occlusions of the eye]. PMID- 6618373 TI - [Fibrinolysis of retinal vein closures: treatment with urokinase]. PMID- 6618375 TI - [Isovolemic hemodilution with human albumin as therapy of retinal circulatory disorders]. PMID- 6618376 TI - [Significance of the parapapillary reflex in the diagnosis of papilledema and pseudopapilledema]. PMID- 6618377 TI - [Ophthalmological problems of pseudotumor cerebri]. PMID- 6618379 TI - [Death of the forest - a consequence of the immission burden of flora and fauna?]. PMID- 6618378 TI - [Fundus dystrophy and ceroid-lipofuscinosis]. PMID- 6618380 TI - [New exanthemas and exanthematous diseases]. PMID- 6618381 TI - [Sonographic diagnosis of operative complications]. PMID- 6618382 TI - [Emergency situations in ophthalmology. First aid measures in practice and in the hospital. 2. Leading symptoms: ophthalmic pain - orbital phlegmon - red eye]. PMID- 6618383 TI - [Ataractic treatment in psychiatry and general medicine. Overview of preparations 6]. PMID- 6618384 TI - [Effect of a plant extract combination preparation on gastrointestinal transit time and bile acid excretion]. AB - The effect of a plant extract containing Rhizoma curcumae, Fructus silybi mariani, Herba chelidonii, Aloe, Radix podophylli paltati, Radix gentianae and Cortex chinae on the evacuation of feces and on the metabolism of bile acids was investigated with 8 healthy women for a period of 14 days. In the preliminary period there was a stoolweight of 105 +/- 16 g/day. Under treatment the weight of stool rose to 422 +/- 104 g/day. Frequency of stools increased from 1.1 +/- 0.2 evacuations/day to 3.3 +/- 1.1 evacuation/day. Transit time decreased from 64 +/- 20 hours to 18 +/- 4 hours. Elimination of bile acid amounted to 549 +/- 397 mumol/day. It increased under treatment to 908 +/- 832 mumol/day. No changes were found in the laboratory blood tests. The concentration of potassium in the blood also remained constant. PMID- 6618385 TI - [5 years of the new family law. Have we come closer to equal rights?]. PMID- 6618386 TI - [The diagnosis of sexual function disorders. Screening studies of angiological factors in disorders of sexual function]. AB - 106 outpatients, visiting our department because of sexual disturbances, underwent a standardized examination program. The following anamnestic data and clinical and laboratory findings were recorded: Details of the vita sexualis, evidences for genital and vascular diseases, endocrine abnormalities including diabetes mellitus, drug consumption. Genital organs were judged by clinical examination, blood-pressure, oscillography and penis-flow-index were measured, hormones, sugar and lipids in blood serum were determined, with respect to a special indication, cavernosography and pelvic angiography were performed, and prostatic inflammation was excluded. None of the anamnestic data differ in its frequency from that of the total population. Mean blood pressure, oscillographic indices, hormone levels, and lipids were found within the normal range. Only a high rate of diabetes mellitus (6%) in all patients and a high rate of pathologic penis-flow-index in men between 40 and 60 years of age were found. We conclude from our results, that medical history and laboratory findings in general will indicate no pathogenetic mechanism in impotence. Just the recording of penile blood flow will give positive correlations. PMID- 6618387 TI - [Demonstration of bacteria in the ejaculate of subfertile men, with special reference to Chlamydiae]. AB - Bacterial cultures were obtained from ejaculates of 87 infertile males with pathologic spermiogram (according to the classification of Elliason), and the presence of chlamydia was also examined. In no case chlamydia could be proved. In only 8% bacteria could be found in a pathogenic number (greater than 10(4)). The importance of asymptomatic bacteriospermia in infertility is discussed. PMID- 6618388 TI - [Perioral folliculitis. Bacteriologic and immunologic studies]. PMID- 6618389 TI - [Storing of sperm at a central cryosperm bank]. PMID- 6618390 TI - [Functional treatment of idiopathic scoliosis in the Cheneau corset. Exercise therapy guidelines for patients]. PMID- 6618391 TI - [The effect of nonthyroidal diseases on the serum hormone level of the thyroid gland function regulation cycle]. AB - Thyroid hormone serum concentrations were measured in clinically apparently euthyroid patients suffering from diseases that have symptoms in common with thyroid dysfunction. The diseases investigated were: anorexia nervosa (n = 13), myocardial infarction (n = 13) cirrhosis of the liver (n = 19), terminal renal insufficiency (n = 30) and rheumatoid arthritis (n = 14). In each group, the patients were divided into groups according to the degree of their disease. A relative decrease in 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (TT3) serum levels is the most pronounced effect of all the non-thyroidal ailments investigated. Individual observations show that total and free thyroxine levels can also be lowered by some acute illnesses. Moreover, the extent of the decrease in TT3 serum levels depends significantly on the severity of the non-thyroidal illness. This phenomenon was observed in all ailments investigated. Based on our findings it is concluded that the diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction may be extremely difficult in many non-thyroidal illnesses. This study should help the clinician to evaluate laboratory hormone data correctly in respect to the diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction in patients with non-thyroidal illnesses. PMID- 6618392 TI - [The Bavarian Ethics Committee. Current status in overview]. AB - The first part of the article presents information about the history and the current work of several ethical committees at Bavarian universities (number and professional background of their members, frequency of meetings, mode of decision making, etc.). The second part discusses the actual limited understanding of the ethical committees' function concerning experimentation with human subjects in the light of the many other ethical problems of modern medicine which could be dealt with by ethical review committees. PMID- 6618393 TI - [Experiences with Sportgel in the ambulatory treatment of athletic injuries]. AB - In a prospective open study over 2 years with 197 out-patients (150 men, 47 women, mean age 31 years) the efficacy and skin compatibility of a sportgel were investigated. Conditions of admission of a patient to the study were covered sport injuries according to their degree of severity of scaling 1-4 (0 = no complaints; 1 = slight complaints; 2 = slight to moderate complaints; 3 = moderate to severe complaints; 4 = severe complaints). Exclusion criteria were severe sport injuries older than three days and patients treated with medicaments others than with sportgel. 109 patients were treated who had muscle injuries and damages as a result of overstrain, 75 patients with joint injuries and damages from overstrain, and 13 patients with repeated injuries and damages from repeated overstrain in the muscular, tendon, and joint apparatus. Criterion of efficacy was the comparison of situation of ailment between treated and untreated patients in historic control. The descriptive evaluation of the results showed that under sportgel treatment the time of resumption of sporting activity is shortened generally by 2-6 days with damages of degrees of severity 1-4. During the two years' study none of the 197 patients showed any signs of skin incompatibility. PMID- 6618394 TI - [Acute help in delivery away from the clinic. References for the emergency physician]. PMID- 6618395 TI - [Prognostic criteria in cancers of the uterus]. PMID- 6618396 TI - [Results with the Marshall-Marchetti bladder neck suspensionplasty in female stress incontinence]. AB - Bladder neck suspension as described by Marshall and Marchetti 1949 is the procedure of first choice for vertical descensus of the urinary bladder. Our experiences with this operation between January 1979 and January 1982 are reported on 23 cases. The procedure was successful in 78% although there were previous operations in 14 out of 23 patients. The rate of complications such as wound-infection, urinary tract infection and ostitis pubis was low. There was no mortality. Treatment failures only occurred in obese women, who gained weight considerably in the postoperative period. PMID- 6618397 TI - [Clinical aspects of extrauterine pregnancy]. PMID- 6618398 TI - [Ataractic treatment in psychiatry and general practice. Drug preparations review, 7]. PMID- 6618399 TI - [Emergency conditions in ophthalmology. First aid in general practice and in the clinic. 3: Leading symptoms "results of injury"--"unconsciousness"--"diplopia"]. AB - The emergency situations in ophthalmology are divided into the main symptoms (acute loss of sight, pain in the eye, "Red Eyes", injuries, unconsciousness, diplopia). Subjective symptom identification, diagnosis and current therapy are briefly outlined. For the general doctor the important preceding symptoms are emphasized as well as the prognosis according to clinical treatment. PMID- 6618400 TI - [Hypotension therapy with norfenefrine--oral administration also dependably effective]. PMID- 6618401 TI - [New aspects in the therapy of ovarian cancer]. PMID- 6618402 TI - [Atherosclerosis treatment with etofibrate retard. New perspectives]. AB - In a multicentric general-practice-study 2504 hyperlipoproteinemic patients were treated with etofibrate retard for 4 weeks. The drug was administered once daily in the evening. A highly significant decrease of the mean values of cholesterol around 18.4% and 27.6% resp., and of the mean triglycerides between 31.3% and 16.5% resp. were observed. The atherogenic index was reduced by 28%. The simultaneous, highly significant reduction of blood glucose and of uric acid levels as well as of blood pressure showed the comprising effects of etofibrate retard against the atherosclerosis and its risk factors. The excellent tolerance of the drug was stated by more than 99% of the patients treated. PMID- 6618403 TI - [Patient seminars of the German Heart Foundation]. PMID- 6618404 TI - [Acute and chronic biliary tract infections. Studies of the therapeutic effect of a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin]. AB - Diseases of the biliary tract are common problems, frequently encountered in clinical practice. Infection is a major cause of mortality in patients with extrahepatic obstruction, especially in the elderly patient. Survival in patients with biliary tract stones, complicating cholecystitis and ascending cholangitis or abscess formation depends on timing of surgery with decompression of the biliary tract, attention to fluid and electrolyte management and on prompt institution of antibiotics. The initial choice of antibiotics should be based on the organisms most frequently encountered in biliary tract sepsis, especially E. coli, enterococci, klebsiella, pseudomonas, clostridia and ps. aeruginosa. Serum levels as well as the concentration of the antibiotic in the bile are important factors determining efficacy. Cefoperazon (Cefobis), a new cephalosporin with a spectrum of antimicrobial activity that differs from some previously marketed cephalosporins, in that it is effective also against ps. aeruginosa, achieves high biliary concentrations. A clinical study is presented which proves this new antibiotic to be a safe drug and the cephalosporin of choice to treat biliary tract infections. PMID- 6618405 TI - [Therapy of chronic disorder following gastrointestinal surgery]. PMID- 6618406 TI - [Methods of functional diagnosis in venous diseases of the lower extremities]. PMID- 6618407 TI - [Treatment of heart insufficiency with vasodilators. Principles and practical aspects]. PMID- 6618408 TI - [Controlled parenteral digitoxin therapy in intensive medicine]. PMID- 6618409 TI - [Psychopathology and differential diagnosis of so-called Cannabis psychoses]. AB - From 237 patients examined for drug-induced psychoses, 50 cannabis psychoses were examined according to the criterion "main cause of addiction" and 107 were examined according to the criterion "consumption during the last three months before hospitalization". The cannabis psychoses were compared to the other drug induced psychoses as well as to a control group consisting of 219 schizophrenic patients. General agreement was found with the other drug-induced psychoses as well as with the group of schizophrenic patients. The variation from the symptomatology of the schizophrenics is generally common to both the cannabis psychoses and the other drug-induced psychoses. Judging by the results of our investigations, it must be concluded that there is no disease "cannabis psychosis" in its own right, just as the disease "drug-induced psychosis" also does not exist in its own right. While there is a certain slight drug-specific psychopathological undertone, it does not entitle us to speak of a syndromatic or indeed a nosological entity. The psychopathological cross section does not permit a differentiation in the individual psychoses groups mentioned, although this has often been attempted in the literature. That there are no relevant psychopathological differences between cannabis psychoses and endogenous schizophrenia could, for one, be based on the fact that we are observing the final stage of one and the same underlying pathological process. In this case both syndromes would in practice be endogenous psychoses, with the cause not being known in one case. The psychopathologic similarity of these two psychoses forms could, however, also be based on the assumption that cannabis psychoses are triggered schizophrenias, so that we could in both cases be dealing with one and the same disease. We see the solution to the problem of diagnosing symptomatic psychoses, and in particular cannabis psychoses, in making a diagnosis that takes the etiology into consideration in addition to the syndrome diagnosis. PMID- 6618410 TI - [Psychopathology of depressions with guilt delusions]. AB - Author considers guilt-depressions as a special type of endomorph features in which the experiences of guilt and the cyclothymic axis-syndrome together define the form. The criterium for the delusional guilt-depression is the externalization of the certainty of consciousness of guilt. These states can be seen more often in elder people. Author discriminates modalities of externalization of relieving and of intensifying dynamics. For the latter author proposes the adjective "rejective". In return the relieving strategy corresponds rather to the "projective" e.g. paranoid mechanisms. Group of 20 patients in each (simple, projective e.g. paranoid and "rejective" forms) could be statistically (by chi 2-trial) compared with 5 characteristics and thus got homogenised. The increased suicide-rate in the rejective group seems to have an important practical role in the clinical and in the after-care praxis. PMID- 6618412 TI - [Noncompliance in the treatment of epileptic children]. PMID- 6618411 TI - [The influence of bilateral adrenalectomy on the immunological resistance of tumor-bearing mice]. PMID- 6618413 TI - [Analysis of protective mechanisms against infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The synergistic contribution of polymorphonuclear leucocytes and antibody]. PMID- 6618414 TI - [An electron microscope study on the differentiation of mesenchymal cells]. PMID- 6618415 TI - [Anti-ischemic effect of nifedipine in delayed-action form. Results of a double blind, randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled acute study]. PMID- 6618416 TI - [Left ventricular function in the myocardial regions of the 3 principal coronary arteries. Effect of complete revascularization]. PMID- 6618417 TI - [Shunt malfunction due to a Blalock-Taussig anastomosis of the pulmonary vein]. AB - In two of 81 patients in whom a Blalock-Taussig shunt was created due to pulmonary atresia, the anastomosis was inadvertently placed on the pulmonary vein. The first case was a newborn with mirror-image dextrocardia, pulmonary valve atresia and a high ventricular septal defect. Subsequent to a Rashkind maneuver and treatment with prostaglandins, at the age of eleven days the shunt procedure was performed. Right sided pulmonary edema developed twelve hours after surgery and the infant died on the second postoperative day. Anastomosis of the shunt to the right pulmonary vein was revealed at autopsy. The second case was a six year-old boy admitted for corrective surgery with pulmonary valve atresia, main pulmonary artery atresia, large ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus. Because of additional systemic-pulmonary collaterals, the larger collaterals were ligated and the Blalock-Taussig shunt was carried out using a Goretex prosthesis. Nine months postoperatively, at follow-up cardiac catheterization, the ill-directed shunt was diagnosed and subsequently revised. The onset of ipsilateral pulmonary edema and increasing signs of congestive heart failure after surgical creation of a Blalock-Taussig shunt as well as the persistence of lowered oxygen partial pressure, cyanosis and poor general health, should alert the attending physician to rule out the rare complication of anastomosis to the pulmonary vein. PMID- 6618418 TI - Surgical experience with left atrial myxomas. AB - Between 1974 and 1982, 16 patients (four men, twelve women, mean age 50.5 years) underwent surgery for left atrial myxoma at the Hannover Medical School. Clinical features encompassed cardiac murmurs (100%) and findings compatible with mitral stenosis (87%), chest pain (37%), arrhythmias (37%), syncope (18%) and malaise (37%). Arterial tumor embolism (to the right leg) occurred in one case. The sedimentation rate was consistently elevated. Sinus rhythm was present in 14 and atrial flutter in two patients. In all but one case, the diagnosis was documented through cardiac catheterization. In recent years, however, noninvasive methods such as echocardiography and computer tomography have proved to be accurate and reliable diagnostic methods such that cardiac catheterization would now appear indicated primarily for patients with additional heart disease and for those over the age of 40 years to rule out the presence of asymptomatic coronary artery disease. Surgery was performed with cardiopulmonary bypass and all patients survived the procedure. In 13 cases the tumor was removed through a right atrial approach with septal incision, in two through the left atrium and in one case both approaches were used. Complete removal of the tumor was achieved in all patients. The tumors were found to arise from the atrial septum in 15 and from the inferior wall of the left atrium in one patient. The size of the tumors ranged from 30 mm in diameter up to 100 mm X 60 mm X 40 mm with weights between 4.8 and 125 grams. Although no residual tumors have been seen during an average observation period of 29.2 months (range nine to 56 months), long-term follow-up, readily accomplished with noninvasive methods, is warranted for such patients. PMID- 6618419 TI - Financing strategies for nonprofit hospital systems. PMID- 6618420 TI - The future of medical practice. PMID- 6618421 TI - [X-ray CT]. PMID- 6618422 TI - [NMR-CT]. PMID- 6618423 TI - [Experimental study on maintenance of energy metabolism of the preserved liver]. AB - The present studies were designed to achieve a good maintenance of energy metabolism as a means of improving the quality of liver preservation in rats. For this purpose, investigation were made whether initial warm ischemia may affect energy metabolism during preservation and oxygen supply during initial cold flushing process may protect energy metabolism. The following are the results. Compared with non-oxygenated groups, the oxygenated groups during the initial cooling process proved to be effective in, 1) reducing the precipitous fall in the ATP level of the liver during the initial cooling process, 2) maintaining the higher ATP level for 8 hours of hypothermic immersion storage, 3) maintaining energy production for 24 hours in intermittent perfusion storage, 4) obtaining a more rapid recovery of energy production in rewarming and reperfusion after 8 or 16 hours of hypothermic immersion storage, 5) obtaining the higher ATP level by high flow rate of flushing. It may be concluded that maintenance of energy metabolism in the preserved liver is related to the degree of interference with energy metabolism during the initial cold flushing and this interference can be prevented by flushing with the oxygenated perfusate of high flow rate. PMID- 6618424 TI - [Alkaline phosphatase of the rat small intestine--purification of the enzyme and its physiological significance]. AB - It has been known that feeding of high-fat diets increases in intestinal and serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity in rats. This phenomenon is regarded as an indirect evidence for a participation of intestinal AP (I-AP) in regard to fat absorption. This study was performed to clarify the role of I-AP in the fat absorption. The results can be summarized as follows: I-AP was purified about 1,800-fold from rat intestinal mucosa by n-butanol extraction, acetone precipitation, and serial chromatographies with L-Phe-Sepharose, Sephadex G-200, and DEAE-Sephadex. The purity of the enzyme was about 90-95% as judged by SDS PAGE. On SDS-PAGE under nonreducing conditions, the purified I-AP gave two bands corresponding to a Mw of 140,000 (major) and 120,000 (minor), respectively. Under reducing conditions, the enzyme dissociated into subunit with a Mw of 60,000. The isoelectric point of I-AP was 4.6, and the Km value for p-nitrophenylphosphate was estimated to be 0.7 mM. The enzyme activity was 50% inhibited by 4mM L phenylalanine. A simple method for measuring I-AP isozyme specifically in rat serum was developed by the use of anti I-AP antibody-bound filter paper discs. This method has revealed that the I-AP activity normally accounts for about 80% of the total AP activity in rat serum. The I-AP activity in rat serum decreased to less than one-half the initial value after 24hr-fasting. After 48hr-fasting rats were fed with normal diets, the I-AP activity returned to normal level in about 12hr. Fasting rats were fed with 30 Cal of either corn oil or sucrose. In only the fat-fed rats, the serum I-AP activity increased gradually for 8hr. Rats were then allowed free access to the normal diets, the serum I-AP activity increased in both groups almost at the same rate. There was a great variability of serum and tissue I-AP activities in each rats. An inversed relationship was present between the tissue and serum I-AP activities in each rats. This phenomenon was more significant in jejunum than in duodenum. The meaning of these results will be discussed. PMID- 6618425 TI - Thromboxane synthesis in hypercholesterolemic platelets--on the mechanism of increased thromboxane synthesis. AB - Thromboxane B2 biosynthesis from arachidonic acid was increased in platelets from hypercholesterolemic rabbits. The enzymic activity of phospholipase A2 which releases arachidonic acid, the precursor for the biosynthesis of thromboxane B2, showed hardly any change in hypercholesterolemic platelets. Phospholipase C and diglyceride lipase activities also were not changed in platelets from hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Furthermore, phospholipid concentration in platelets were not increased in this state. Thus, I conclude that the supply of precursor for thromboxane B2 biosynthesis was not increased in platelets from hypercholesterolemic rabbits as compared to controls. I have clarified this mechanism for the increased thromboxane synthesis. The biosynthesis of prostaglandin H2 and thromboxane B2 were unaffected by superoxide dismutase, xanthine, xanthine oxidase, mannitol, or benzoate in the experiments designed to study the possible involvement of reactive oxygen species. The effect of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and H2O2 on cyclooxygenase and thromboxane synthetase were studied by using partially purified enzymes and platelet microsomes. Glutathione and glutathione peroxidase inhibited the activity of the cyclooxygenase but did not inhibit that of thromboxane synthetase. H2O2 caused the inactivation of cyclooxygenase, but the addition of H2O2 did not inhibit the formation of thromboxane B2 from prostaglandin H2. An examination of glutathione concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity in platelets from normal and experimentally hypercholesterolemic rabbits demonstrated that both were decreased in platelets from latter group. The observed alterations in glutathione levels and glutathione peroxidase activity are large enough to cause increased thromboxane B2 synthesis in platelets but the possibility that other unidentified factors may also contribute cannot be excluded. PMID- 6618426 TI - Classification and lysostaphin susceptibility of airborne staphylococci. PMID- 6618427 TI - Change of skeletal muscles pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activities in congenital diabetic mice (KK mice) by aging or contraction. AB - The activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex was measured in skeletal muscle of congenital diabetic mice (KK mice) and control mice (ddN mice), each group in a starved or unstarved state, with or without muscular contraction. The age related increment of the level of active form pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in KK mice was not found compared with that in ddN mice. In 4 weeks old KK mice, the increment of the active form by muscular contraction or the decrease by 48 hours starvation was not different from the control mice. On the other hand, in 12 week old KK mice, the changes of the enzyme activity by muscular contraction were different from the normal control. These results suggest that the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is intimately related to the onset of diabetes. PMID- 6618428 TI - Metergoline and bromocriptine in the management of tumoral and idiopathic hyperprolactinemia. AB - 59 patients affected by amenorrhea or anovulation, 37 of whom also with galactorrhea, and with hyperprolactinemia of unknown origin (idiopathic hyperprolactinemia, 24 patients) or due to a pituitary microadenoma (tumoral hyperprolactinemia, 35 patients) were treated with metergoline (4-12 mg/day) or with bromocriptine (2.5 to 10 mg/day) for 90 days. The effectiveness of the two treatments was assessed on clinical grounds and by evaluating at monthly intervals serum progesterone levels, during the presumed luteal phase, and serum prolactin levels. The success rate with the two drugs was superimposable in terms of disappearance of galactorrhea and return of menses, normalization of prolactin levels and induction of ovulation. Also the number of pregnancies obtained (7 with metergoline, 9 with bromocriptine) was similar. With both drugs, the majority of patients responded to the treatment within the first month. PMID- 6618429 TI - Force development and metabolism in perfused skeletal muscle of euthyroid and hyperthyroid rats. AB - The effect of experimental hyperthyroidism on skeletal muscle metabolism during force development and subsequent recovery was studied in a perfused preparation of the gastrocnemius and plantaris muscle of rats. After equilibration, the muscles were stimulated for 15 minutes at 1 Hz, and were allowed to recover during the following 15 minutes. The basal oxygen consumption of the skeletal muscle preparation was increased by 40% in the hyperthyroid rats as compared with euthyroid rats. The results show that: 1. Active force at 1 Hz was significantly reduced in the hyperthyroid rats compared with euthyroid rats, but the decay of force was similar in the two groups. 2. The increase in oxygen and glucose consumption and in lactate production during stimulation of the muscles was equal in hyperthyroid and euthyroid rats, but during recovery, oxygen consumption was significantly higher in the hyperthyroid than in euthyroid rats. 3. The increase in ATP turnover during force development and recovery (calculated from changes in O2 uptake, lactate production, and the breakdown of creatine-phosphate) in relation to the sum of force was significantly increased in the hyperthyroid state. PMID- 6618430 TI - Serum cholesterol levels in diabetes. AB - Serum cholesterol levels of 474 Libyan diabetics were determined. The mean levels of diabetic men and women were 236.04 +/- 3.16 and 248 +/- 2.85 mg/100 ml, respectively. A significant correlation was found between serum cholesterol levels and fasting blood glucose in short-term diabetics. A similar correlation was observed in these diabetics between serum cholesterol levels and total body weight. However, in long-term diabetics with disease for more than a year, no such correlations were present. PMID- 6618431 TI - Immunosuppressive serum factors in viral hepatitis. II. Further characterization of serum inhibition factor as an albumin-associated molecule. AB - Immunosuppressive factor(s) in sera from patients with acute viral hepatitis B [serum inhibition factor(s) (SIF)] which functioned like an antiactivator of lymphocytes were further characterized and purified. The active moiety could be separated from immunoglobulins and other serum proteins by means of gel filtration, anion exchange, and affinity chromatography. The major SIF activity always copurified with albumin. Affinity chromatography with Cibacron blue agarose matrix followed by elution with 2 M NaCl proved an optimal procedure to obtain SIF-positive albumin fractions. The SIF moiety could be dissociated from albumin by use of 5 M NaCl or 6 M urea and was separated from protein by sequential molecular filtration and G-10 gel filtration indicating a low molecular weight substance. SIF activity of lower degree could also be detected in albumin-containing fractions derived from normal sera and exhibited similar biochemical properties as the factor which was isolated from patients' sera. The purified SIF fractions could not be stained with various protein dyes after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The active moiety was partially extractable with chloroform:methanol indicating a lipophilic nature. Common fatty acids or bile acids were excluded as causative factors by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric and radioimmunologic analyses. These data suggest that the SIF effect is caused by an albumin-associated low molecular weight lipid or lipophilic peptide. SIF may be physiological immunoregulatory products of the immune system which are probably produced in response to a viral antigenic stimulus. PMID- 6618432 TI - Analysis of liver disease, nuclear HBcAg, viral replication, and hepatitis B virus DNA in liver and serum of HBeAg Vs. anti-HBe positive carriers of hepatitis B virus. AB - Nine HBeAg+ and 24 anti-HBe+ subjects with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were studied for HBV DNA in the serum by molecular hybridization, for HBcAg in the liver by immunofluorescence, and for histologic evidence of liver disease. All HBeAg+ patients had underlying chronic liver disease (chronic persistent hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, or cirrhosis with or without hepatocellular carcinoma), and all were found positive for both HBV DNA in the serum and HBcAg in the nucleus of hepatocytes. Of the 24 anti-HBe+ individuals, 18 had various forms of chronic liver disease. Six HBsAg+/anti-HBe+ patients had normal liver histology except for numerous "ground-glass" hepatocytes with abundant cytoplasmic HBsAg. All six were negative for nuclear HBcAg and serum HBV DNA, but three showed HBV DNA which appeared to be integrated into unique sites in host liver DNA by hybridization analysis. In contrast, 14/18 (78%) of HBsAg+/anti-HBe+ patients with chronic liver disease were positive for nuclear HBcAg, serum HBV DNA, or both of these markers of HBV replication. It is suggested that in long-term HBsAg carriers with serum anti-HBe and normal liver histology, viral replication is suppressed or inactive and HBV potential infectivity is presumably very low or absent. However, when viral replication is present in HBsAg+/anti-HBe+ carriers (as demonstrated by serum HBV DNA and/or nuclear HBcAg), active liver disease is often found. In these individuals, active chronic liver disease appears to be related to continued replication and secretion of HBV and may occur in a much higher proportion of HBsAg+/anti-HBe+ carriers than was previously suspected. PMID- 6618433 TI - Transplantation of woodchuck hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice. AB - Woodchuck hepatocellular carcinoma has been successfully transplanted into nude (athymic) mice. The morphology of heterotransplanted tumor is similar to that of naturally occurring hepatocellular carcinoma before transplantation. The growth rate of transplanted tumor was very slow compared with those of other transplanted tumors. During the first month, only two tumors appeared. However, definitive tumor growth was noted in 6 of 20 nude mice about 3 months later. Seventeen of 20 nude mice exhibited sustained tumor growth after 6 months. The woodchuck hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice provides an in vivo model for the study of oncogenesis of human hepatocellular carcinoma related to hepatitis B virus. PMID- 6618434 TI - Vesicular transport of horseradish peroxidase during chronic bile duct obstruction in the rat. AB - The vesicular transport system for biliary secretion of plasma-derived proteins was investigated in rats with chronic bile duct obstruction. Horseradish peroxidase, previously demonstrated to be a suitable tracer for vesicular transport, was employed in these studies. Both the time course of horseradish peroxidase secretion into bile and the morphological events in its uptake, transport, and biliary secretion were found to proceed in a manner essentially identical to that of sham-operated control animals. In addition, fragmentation of hepatocytes leading to sloughing into bile of large pieces of cytoplasm bearing horseradish peroxidase-containing endocytic transport vesicles frequently was observed in the cholestatic animals. These data suggest that the vesicular transport system for the secretion into bile of plasma-derived proteins remains intact and functional during chronic bile duct obstruction and that another mechanism, possibly fragmentation and solubilization of hepatocyte membranes followed by regurgitation of proteins released from endocytic vesicles, may be responsible for the elevation of biliary proteins within plasma seen during cholestasis. PMID- 6618435 TI - Relapse following treatment withdrawal in patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. AB - A prospective study was performed to evaluate the outcome of treatment withdrawal in 30 patients with "autoimmune" chronic active hepatitis in remission for periods of 1.5 to 9 years on maintenance corticosteroid and azathioprine therapy. Reactivation of disease, with marked rises in serum aminotransferase level (mean 668 +/- S.D. 458 IU per liter) and accompanied by severe symptoms, occurred in 25 (87%) patients within 52 weeks (median 9 weeks; range 5 to 52) and was associated with the histological features of piecemeal necrosis and lobular hepatitis in all 20 liver biopsies examined. Age, sex, duration of disease and remission, presence of cirrhosis, autoantibody status, or immunoglobulin levels did not differentiate patients who relapsed from those who remained in remission. The response to reinstitution of treatment with prednisolone was satisfactory in 25 patients and clinical and biochemical abnormalities resolved within 10 weeks (median 6; range 3 to 10), death occurred in one patient within 48 hr of readmission to hospital. PMID- 6618437 TI - Ethanol elimination in males and females: relationship to menstrual cycle and body composition. AB - Ethanol pharmacokinetics were determined following oral ethanol, 0.5 gm per kg, in nine normal women and 10 normal men, and related to total body water measured by 3H-water dilution and body fat determined anthropometrically. Ethanol pharmacokinetics were similar in the females throughout the menstrual cycle. No variation was seen in mean peak blood ethanol concentration or elimination rate in the midfollicular (Days 8 to 10) and midluteal (Days 22 to 24) phases. Mean peak blood ethanol values were significantly higher in females (88 +/- 3 mg per 100 ml) than in males (75 +/- 4 mg per 100 ml) (p less than 0.05), and the mean area under the ethanol concentration-time curve was significantly greater in females (241 +/- 12 mg X hr per 100 ml) than in males (177 +/- 11 mg X hr per 100 ml) (p less than 0.001). There was no significant sex difference in mean ethanol elimination rates. The mean apparent volume of distribution of ethanol in female (0.59 +/- 0.02 liter per kg) was less than in males (0.73 +/- 0.02 liter per kg) (p less than 0.001). Both apparent volume of distribution of ethanol and area under curve were significantly correlated with total body water suggesting that the sex differences in ethanol pharmacokinetics were due to sex differences in body water content. The sex differences in ethanol pharmacokinetics may partly explain reports of male-female differences in the natural history of certain ethanol-related disorders. PMID- 6618436 TI - Effect of immunosuppressive therapy on HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis in relation to presence or absence of HBeAg and anti-HBe. AB - Two hundred and four patients with biopsy-proven HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis were treated for at least 2 years with azathioprine, prednisolone or a combination of both, or were untreated. Prevalences of HBeAg, anti-HBe, and anti HBc were 26, 58, and 100%, respectively. Criteria for improvement or progression of disease were based on clinical, biochemical, and morphologic parameters. Prednisolone therapy and combination therapy did not modify the course of the disease in HBeAg-positive patients; azathioprine therapy may have been deleterious for these patients. Among HBeAg-negative patients, deterioration or death occurred more frequently in those who were untreated than in those who received the combination of azathioprine and prednisolone. Prednisolone therapy was of moderate effect, whereas azathioprine did not influence the outcome. PMID- 6618438 TI - Diagnostic effectiveness of serum bile acids in liver diseases as evaluated by multivariate statistical methods. AB - The aims of this study were to determine the diagnostic effectiveness of fasting and postprandial serum bile acid determinations in liver diseases, and to compare results with those of conventional liver function tests. In 322 patients with biopsy-proved liver disease and 93 healthy subjects, fasting and postprandial (2 hr) serum levels of cholic, chenodeoxycholic, and lithocholic acid conjugates and conventional liver function tests were evaluated. Data were subjected to variance and discriminant and factor analyses. Fasting serum bile acids were higher in patients when compared to controls and were significantly higher in severe than in mild liver diseases. Determination of cholic plus lithocholic acid provided the highest discrimination capacity. The percent of correct allocation was 75.4% for conventional liver function tests, 70.1% for fasting serum bile acids and increased to 79.6% when liver function tests plus serum bile acids were considered. Postprandial percentages were always lower than fasting. Factor analysis identified two factors possibly related to cytolysis and protein synthesis. The serum bile acid concentrations highly correlated with both factors. We conclude that serum bile acid determinations increase the diagnostic and discriminant capacities of liver function tests and are more sensitive and discriminant when obtained in fasting than postprandially. PMID- 6618440 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance and the future of hepatology. PMID- 6618439 TI - Hypouricemia and hyperuricosuria as expressions of renal tubular damage in primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - Renal tubular damage, in particular, renal tubular acidosis is associated with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), but hypouricemia has not been described. We studied four patients with PBC whose serum uric acid levels were 1.4 to 1.8 mg per dl, and compared their renal and liver functions with those of 11 patients with PBC whose serum uric acid levels were normal. In the patients with PBC and hypouricemia, uric acid clearance (Cua) and the ratio of Cua and creatinine clearance (Cua/Ccr) were high enough to cause hypouricemia. Elevated Cua/Ccr was suppressed by administration of pyrazinamide, a blocker of tubular secretion of uric acid, but was not affected by probenecid; the effects of drugs on Cua/Ccr were similar to those reported in Wilson's disease. Elevation in Cua/Ccr was associated with increased serum bilirubin and urinary copper excretion. These observations indicate that hypouricemia and hyperuricosuria, which may be caused by defective postsecretory reabsorption of uric acid, are additional indicators of renal tubular damage in PBC. PMID- 6618441 TI - On the temperature- and salt-dependent conformation change in human erythrocyte pyruvate kinase. AB - The influence of temperature, K+, Mg2+ and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate on human red cell pyruvate kinase was investigated. Kinetic measurements between 4 degrees C and 43 degrees C revealed a remarkable influence of the temperature on the allosteric behaviour of the enzyme. Below a transition region between 15 degrees C and 20 degrees C (as obtained from an Arrhenius plot) the enzyme shows non cooperative behaviour, as can be deduced from Michaelis-Menten, Hill and Scatchard plots. At temperatures above 20 degrees C cooperativity increases with rising temperature. This effect becomes even more pronounced at higher temperatures upon addition of increasing amounts of K+ and Mg2+ accompanied by a slight decrease of the reaction velocity. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, however, abolishes cooperativity at every temperature and salt concentration measured. Difficulties which arise in evaluating the correct values of V, Km and the Hill coefficient nH with cooperative systems are met by using a computer program of Wieker, Johannes and Hess, especially designed for the determination of kinetic parameters obtained from sigmoidal steady-state kinetics. PMID- 6618442 TI - Purification of the flavoproteins 6-hydroxy-D- and 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine oxidase using hydrophobic affinity chromatography. AB - A systematic study of the homologous series of omega-aminoalkyl-agaroses revealed differences in the affinities of 6-hydroxy-D- and 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine oxidase. In contrast to supports with nonpolar alkyl chains, omega-aminoalkyl-agarose showed high affinity towards the L-specific enzyme, while the D-specific oxidase was bound most firmly by omega-aminododecyl-agarose. 6-Hydroxy-L-nicotine oxidase could be desorbed by 1.3M NaCl only in the presence of the substrate L-6 hydroxynicotine. Using the omega-aminoalkyl-agarose, a complete separation of the enantiozymes was accomplished and an efficient purification procedure for both oxidases established. PMID- 6618443 TI - Influence of glutathione on the reactivation of enzymes containing cysteine or cystine. AB - Refolding of dimeric porcine cytosolic or mitochondrial malate dehydrogenases and of tetrameric pig heart and skeletal muscle lactate dehydrogenases (containing 5 7 cysteine residues), as well as reformation of the four cystine cross-bridges of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease, were studied in the presence of reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG). At the intracellular GSH level (5 mM) reduced ribonuclease can be reoxidized by 0.01-0.5 mM GSSG (pH 7.4) both at 20 degrees C and 37 degrees C. In this physiological range of GSSG concentrations and pH, the dehydrogenases show at least partial reactivation. With GSSG concentrations greater than 5 mM, reactivation is found to be completely inhibited for all the enzymes given. The results show that at the intracellular level of GSH and GSSG, thiol groups in reduced, unfolded ribonuclease are oxidized to form intramolecular cystine cross-bridges, while thiol groups of typical cysteine enzymes, such as lactate and malate dehydrogenase, remain in their reduced state during refolding. The rate of reactivation of lactate dehydrogenase (porcine muscle) is not affected by GSSG. In the case of ribonuclease, increasing concentrations of GSSG increase the rate of reactivation: At 20 degrees C, the halftime of the correct disulfide bond formation varies from approximately equal to 80 h in the presence of 0.01 mM GSSG to approximately equal to 10 h in the presence of 0.25 mM GSSG. A further increase in the rate of reactivation at higher GSSG concentrations is accompanied by a decrease in yield. Reactivation of ribonuclease is also observed at the low glutathione level found in blood plasma (5-25 microM GSH). PMID- 6618444 TI - Dose-dependent effect of bradykinin on muscular blood flow and glucose uptake in man. AB - Using the forearm technique, the effect of bradykinin on muscular blood flow and glucose uptake in healthy man in the postabsorptive state (n = 8) was studied at different doses of an intra-arterial infusion of bradykinin (2.5-150 ng/min). The blood flow of the forearm was increased dose-dependently from basal 2.8 +/- 0.3 up to 14.7 +/- 2.8 ml/(100 g X min). At lower bradykinin concentrations (2.5-25 ng/min), muscular glucose uptake was raised parallel to the increased blood flow from basal 0.71 +/- 0.30 to 2.93 +/- 0.50 mumol/(100 g X min). However, at higher doses (50-150 ng/min) glucose uptake was decreased again. Thus, the greatest metabolic effect of bradykinin was seen at a calculated bradykinin concentration of approximately 1 X 10(-9)M in the blood. PMID- 6618445 TI - [Hemoglobin of the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos, Accipitriformes): amino acid sequence of the alpha A- and beta chains of the principal component]. AB - The primary structures of the alpha A- and beta-chains from the major hemoglobin component of Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) are given. By homologous comparison, Greylag Goose (Anser anser) hemoglobin and Golden Eagle alpha A chains differ by 17 amino acids or 19 nucleotides (2 two-point mutations), beta chains by 9 exchanges. Five substitutions have modified alpha 1 beta 1-contacts, one substitution, one alpha 1 beta 2-contact and one alpha 1 alpha 1-contact. Differences by homologous comparison to other hemoglobins of birds are discussed. PMID- 6618446 TI - Possibly unique subunit(s) of human ferritins responsible for tissue specificity. AB - The biochemical characteristics of human placental and hepatic ferritins were compared. By DEAE cellulose column chromatography, placental ferritin was found to contain more acidic isoferritins, while hepatic ferritin was richer in basic isoferritins. The electrofocusing patterns of subunits revealed that placental ferritin contained at least one unique subunit on the acidic side and might lack one subunit on the basic side as compared with hepatic ferritin. It is hypothesized that microheterogeneities, immunological as well as biochemical, existing between placental and hepatic ferritins cannot be explained merely in terms of different proportions of known acidic and basic subunits, but appear to have resulted from the existence of the unique acidic subunit of placental ferritin and possibly also a unique basic subunit of hepatic ferritin. PMID- 6618447 TI - The binding of Ca2+ to solubilized band 3 protein of the human erythrocyte membrane. AB - The binding of 45Ca2+ to isolated band 3 protein, the anion transport protein of the human erythrocyte membrane, was studied by equilibrium dialysis. The protein was solubilized and purified by either the nonionic detergent Ammonyx-L0 or acetic acid. Each preparation of band 3 protein showed a single high-affinity Ca2+ binding site and several Ca2+ binding sites of lower affinity. The association constant of the high-affinity site was 4-13 X 10(4)M-1; it was only moderately dependent on ionic strength. Mg2+ effectively competed with Ca2+ for the site. Anion exchange across the human erythrocyte membrane is inhibited by micromolar concentrations of intracellular Ca2+. Our results suggest that this inhibition is due to the binding of the cation to a single site on band 3 protein. PMID- 6618448 TI - Structure and function of L-lactate dehydrogenases from thermophilic and mesophilic bacteria. II) The primary structure of thermophilic lactate dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus. Cyanogen bromide fragments and partial sequence. AB - The polypeptide chain of thermophilic lactate dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus was split with cyanogen bromide. The 6 cyanogen bromide fragments were then separated and isolated by gel filtration (Bio-Gel P 10, Sephadex G-75) and ionic exchange chromatography (Biorex 70), respectively. Peptide fractionation was performed in 50% formic acid. Fragment yield varied between 30 and 75%. About 75% of the amino-acid sequence was determined by the automatic N-terminal sequence analysis (amino-acid sequenator) of the cyanogen bromide fragments (41-57 cycles degraded) and N-terminal region of lactate dehydrogenase (74 cycles degraded). Typical structure differences between thermophilic and mesophilic lactate dehydrogenases are already indicated by the comparison of the amino-acid composition of the thermophilic enzyme from B. stearothermophilus with the mesophilic from bacilli and higher organisms. Comparison of the N-terminal sequence reveals that sequence homology is higher (83-98%) between the thermophilic lactate dehydrogenases from B. stearothermophilus, B. caldotenax and B. caldolyticus than between the mesophilic lactate dehydrogenases of bacilli among each other or between thermophilic and mesophilic lactate dehydrogenases (about 60%). High temperature would appear to limit variation in structure. PMID- 6618450 TI - Using computers. A preview of coming features; useful resources on computers. PMID- 6618449 TI - Treatment planning. Dealing with the potentially violent patient who seeks help, yet refuses hospitalization. PMID- 6618451 TI - The peer-managed small group versus the rehabilitation model of treatment of chronic patients. AB - The Fairweather small-group model, developed some 20 years ago, has been proven to be an effective form of treatment for chronic patients who have spent long years in institutions. However, there have been no recent evaluations of how small-group programs work compared with contemporary rehabilitation programs and how effective they are with the "new chronic patient" recently described in the literature. In a study of such patients at the Florida Mental Health Institute in 1977, the authors compared matched patients in a small-group program and a rehabilitation therapy program on measures of self-concept, perception of kind and degree of help received, and recidivism rate. They found that patients in the small-group program spent significantly less time in treatment. Moreover, the small-group program was effective in reducing recidivism over an 18-month period and was less expensive than the rehabilitation therapy program. PMID- 6618452 TI - Psychiatric roles in the community mental health center. AB - The original model for the community mental health center was a health-oriented treatment facility associated with a community hospital, operated under medical leadership, and staffed with other mental health professionals. For a variety of reasons, the number and role of psychiatrists in the centers have declined significantly. Of the psychiatrists who remain, many are employed only part time and are relegated to signing prescriptions and insurance forms. These developments have the potential for causing the neglect of acutely and chronically ill patients. Reversal of the trends requires a redefinition of the roles of professionals on the mental health team and a variety of other efforts by the centers themselves, psychiatric training programs, the psychiatric profession, and the federal government. PMID- 6618453 TI - Patients refused admission to a psychiatric hospital. AB - Psychiatric hospitals are under pressure to reduce admissions as a way of lowering census. In a state hospital that established a screening team to refer inappropriate applicants elsewhere, a study was undertaken to compare applicants admitted for treatment with those refused admission. Although 72 percent of those who requested admission were admitted, more applicants from the hospital's own county than from other counties in the catchment area were referred elsewhere. Further, many more applicants for voluntary admission were referred elsewhere than were applicants referred by other agencies or referred in a committed-but refusable status. The data suggest that clinicians who are encouraged to refuse admission to some applicants tend to refuse voluntary applicants. If screening for public hospitalization tends to lead to refusal of individuals who request services and admission of those who resist them, an unfortunate catch-22 situation has developed. PMID- 6618454 TI - Physician-patient agreement on symptoms as a predictor of retention in outpatient care. PMID- 6618455 TI - Recidivism and employment rates among psychosocial rehabilitation clients. PMID- 6618456 TI - The value of expanded medication histories for psychiatric inpatients. PMID- 6618457 TI - Treatment in CMHCs. PMID- 6618458 TI - The shame of the cities. PMID- 6618459 TI - Street people and psychiatry: an introduction. AB - Homelessness is not a new problem in the United States, but during the current recession we have witnessed an unprecedented increase in the number of people, many of them mentally ill, who live on the streets of American cities. The author traces the history of the homeless mentally ill in the United States; he then discusses the role of media coverage and reports in the scientific literature in alerting the public and the mental health field to the plight of the street people. The impact of deinstitutionalization and the work of advocacy organizations such as the National Coalition for the Homeless and the Philadelphia Committee for the Homeless are also discussed. PMID- 6618460 TI - A psychiatric profile of street people admitted to an emergency shelter. AB - During the winter of 1981-82 the City of Philadelphia operated an adult emergency shelter for two months. After reviewing the available records, the authors compiled a psychiatric profile of the 193 residents admitted to the shelter. They grouped the residents into three classes: habitual street people, the episodic homeless, and those who did not usually live on the street but were undergoing an acute crisis. Although a large number of the street people who suffered from diagnosable mental illness improved with adequate treatment, the authors found it was extremely difficult to relocate many of the shelter residents. They discuss other problems such as the need for psychiatric expertise in treating the homeless and the lack of coordinated effort among several city government departments. PMID- 6618461 TI - Down and out in the city: the homeless mentally ill. AB - The plight of the homeless in New York City and other urban areas has become the focus of increasing attention. In an effort to clarify and understand the problems of the homeless, the authors studied the demographic characteristics, psychiatric diagnoses, histories, and dispositions of 100 homeless patients treated at Bellevue Psychiatric Hospital's emergency service. The most striking finding was that 96.6 percent of the sample had had a previous psychiatric hospitalization. Seventy-two percent of these homeless patients were diagnosed as suffering from schizophrenia; the second most common diagnosis was personality disorder, which accounted for 13.3 percent of the sample. The authors discuss other demographic findings of their study and explore the roots of the problem of homelessness, review the psychiatric literature on the subject, and delineate some of the unique treatment needs of this population. PMID- 6618462 TI - Reversible dementia and the misdiagnosis of dementia: a review. AB - Ten to 33 percent of the patients who present for evaluation of dementia are found to have a potentially reversible cause of dementia such as metabolic, structural, or psychiatric condition. Another group of patients who present with symptoms or complaints of impaired thinking are erroneously diagnosed as suffering from dementia. The author reviews the criteria for diagnosis of dementia, the laboratory and other tests advisable for use in evaluating the presence of dementia or guiding the treatment of irreversible dementia, and some factors that may lead to the misdiagnosis of dementia. He emphasizes that a thorough medical, psychiatric, and psychosocial evaluation of all patients presenting with cognitive impairments is essential. PMID- 6618463 TI - Staff training through collaboration: the training resources center. AB - As fiscal resources for mental health programs dwindle, it is becoming increasingly important to preserve non-direct-service priorities such as staff development. The West Virginia Training Resources Center, a collaborative program operated by the West Virginia Department of Health and the West Virginia University department of behavioral medicine and psychiatry, addresses problems of staff training in the state mental health service system. The authors discuss the development of the center and its functions as provider of training programs, sponsor of statewide training conferences, and clearinghouse of information and expertise. They also discuss problems stemming from the increased need for continuing education for paraprofessionals, the use of outside consultants, and the relationship between academia and the health service sector. PMID- 6618464 TI - Characteristics and outcome of patients who refuse medication. PMID- 6618465 TI - A comparative analysis of psychiatric problems listed by patients and physicians. PMID- 6618466 TI - Emergency medicine and psychiatry: a marriage or just a passing fling? PMID- 6618467 TI - Mental health lawyers. PMID- 6618468 TI - Use of MAOIs. PMID- 6618469 TI - Sheltering the homeless in the Nation's Capital. PMID- 6618470 TI - Database speeds management reports. PMID- 6618471 TI - 'Grand rounds' teach medical staffs about cost of care. PMID- 6618472 TI - New antitrust reality. PMID- 6618473 TI - PPOs and the antitrust laws. PMID- 6618474 TI - Antitrust implications of medical staffing. PMID- 6618475 TI - Hospital staff taught how to handle disruptive patients. PMID- 6618476 TI - Improved devices can enhance hospitals' images. PMID- 6618477 TI - Competition thrives among NMR manufacturers. PMID- 6618478 TI - Ultrasound puts computers to work. PMID- 6618479 TI - Seeking common ground. Community advisers have a voice in hospital policies and planning. PMID- 6618480 TI - The trauma of DES daughters. Testing the legal system's ability to provide justice. PMID- 6618481 TI - New Oregon law may allow 'death with dignity'. PMID- 6618482 TI - A hypothetic mechanism of diethylstilbestrol(DES)-induced anomalies in exposed progeny. PMID- 6618483 TI - Childhood brain tumor update. AB - In this review of recent studies of the cerebellar tumors of childhood we have discussed the limitations of traditional approaches to the classification of childhood brain tumors for the purposes of estimating prognosis. While these traditional approaches have provided considerable information about cells of origin, they have left behind the ancient tradition of pathology of considering the tumor in all its aspects, not just its histologic features. As an alternative we have introduced an approach that does not depend ona priori assumptions but rather allows prognosis to be estimated directly from histologic features or from clusters of histologic, clinical, and surgical features-- namely the use clustering strategies as applied to the cerebellar tumors. We have also discussed the preliminary work of the Childhood Brain Tumor Consortium, which has collected a large amount of data to serve as a source of prognostic information in the design of studies of alternative therapies. The preliminary data indicate that there is a disquietingly wide array of overlapping histologic features in three common childhood brain tumors-- medulloblastomas, pilocytic astrocytomas, and ependymomas. Clinicians who seek to reduce the number of deaths among children with brain tumors need specific prognostic information to decide among alternative therapies and to design studies of therapies for biologically homogeneous tumors, rather than studies of therapies of tumor "names" that encompass extraordinarily wide ranges of histologic features. Clinicians must also be extremely wary of "historical" controls; they cannot allow themselves to fall into the trap of believing that a new therapy is better because their patients "would have been expected" to have succumbed sooner. For each proposed therapy new studies must be designed, each with its control population, no matter how difficult this is. Historical controls assume that 1) the tumors were classified properly, 2) the sites of the tumors in different groups of patients were comparable, and 3) tumors with the same name (each encompassing an extremely wide range of histologic features) are comparable in every histologic respect to the study population, and 4) the outlook for patients with tumors with this name has not changed over the half century since the name came into common usage (i.e., that the morbidity associated with these tumors has not changed). For these reasons the use of historical controls must be condemned and all studies of therapies based on such controls discarded. Studies of therapies must compare populations of patients homogeneous as to site, histologic features, and such clinical features as age. PMID- 6618485 TI - Tumor cells within skeletal muscle cells. PMID- 6618484 TI - Microemboli in blood pump tubing. PMID- 6618486 TI - Decreased oxygen supply enhances growth in culture of human mid-trimester amniotic fluid cells. AB - Human mid-trimester amniotic fluid cells were cultivated under conditions of decreased oxygen supply. Compared to control cultures the low-oxygen group showed improved growth which was quantitated by three independent assays (1) direct cell counts, (2) bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-Hoechst flow-cytometry, and (3) cloning efficiency. The growth promoting effects of lowered oxygen hold for all major morphologic categories of amniotic fluid cells. PMID- 6618487 TI - The 11q;22q translocation: a collaborative study of 20 new cases and analysis of 110 families. AB - Following a previous collaborative study (Fraccaro et al. 1980), 20 new cases of 11q;22q translocation are described. Twelve families were ascertained through an unbalanced carrier of the translocation and eight cases were ascertained as balanced carriers. A segregation analysis was performed on the 110 families so far published. It was concluded that the 11q;22q translocation is a relatively frequent event, and that all the cases thus far reported might have the same breakpoints at 11q23.3 and 22q11.2. The translocation seems to be independent of environmental factors and it seems to have a low rate of mutation as indicated by the scarcity of de novo cases. The new data confirmed that only one type of unbalanced karyotype (47,XX or XY+der(22)t(11;22)(q23.3;q11.2)) is found among the offspring of the translocation carriers. The minimal overall recurrence risk for an unbalanced translocation was estimated to 2%. There was no difference between the recurrence risks for male and female balanced carriers, while the trend was confirmed of an excess of female balanced carriers among the phenotypically normal offspring of the t(11;22) female carriers. PMID- 6618488 TI - Prader-Willi syndrome and chromosome 15. A clinical discussion of 20 cases. AB - A chromosome 15 anomaly was observed in 12 of 20 patients, 17 of whom were clinically suspected of having Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). The clinical features of eight cases with 15q11-12 deletion were very similar to those originally described in PWS. On the other hand, the group of normal karyotype patients is heterogeneous, and their features do not strictly correspond to the clinical definition of PWS. However, the hypothesis that PWS is associated with deletion of 15q11-12 can neither explain the apparently balanced translocations of chromosome 15 nor account for the small supernumerary metacentric chromosomes corresponding to an isochromosome 15 for band 15q11 observed in some cases. PMID- 6618489 TI - Silver staining of nucleolus organizer regions during human spermatogenesis. AB - The sizes and staining intensities of the nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) in human spermatogenesis were studied qualitatively and quantitatively with the silver (Ag)-staining technique. The Ag-stainability of the NORs is a measure of the transcriptional activity of the ribosomal RNA genes. Ag-stained NORs are present during the whole period of meiotic prophase up to pachytene and totally absent in the two meiotic metaphases. In the early spermatids the Ag-stainability of the NORs reappears and persists up to the beginning of the elongation phase of the nuclei. This pattern of NOR-activity during spermatogenesis is common for all vertebrates. However, in human spermatogenesis the absolute sizes of the NORs in the pre- and postmeiotic stages as well as the interphase arrangement of the postmeiotically reactivated NORs show characteristic properties not found in any other species. The cytochemistry of the argentophilic material, the significance of the synthesis of ribosomal RNA in spermatogenesis, and the characteristic arrangement of the Ag-stained NORs in the spermatids are discussed. PMID- 6618490 TI - Deficiency, transposition, and duplication of one 15q region may be alternatively associated with Prader-Willi (or a similar) syndrome. Analysis of seven cases after varying ascertainment. AB - Seven patients are described who have some or all of the symptoms of Prader-Willi syndrome. They were ascertained by varying criteria starting either from the clinical picture or from the identification of a chromosome abnormality involving the proximal portion of the long arm of chromosome 15. The chromosome abnormalities consisted of two balanced translocations (15;18 and 8;15), three unbalanced ones (15;18, 15;19, and 9;15), and one interstitial deletion of bands 15q11 and q12. The seventh case had an unidentified extra chromosome. These data and a review of the literature led to the conclusion that deficiency, transposition, and even duplication of the region(s) 15q11-q13 may all result in a syndrome which is identifiable with or similar to the Prader-Willi syndrome. PMID- 6618491 TI - Red cell glyoxalase I polymorphism in Basque and Castilian populations. AB - In samples of Arratia and Gernika populations, who are indigenous Basque ethnic groups, the frequency of the GLOI1 allele was respectively 0.457 +/- 0.042 and 0.459 +/- 0.041. Four samples belonging to Castilian populations were also studied. The results of this work suggested homogeneity between the Spanish and other populations. PMID- 6618492 TI - Prevalence of primary adult lactose malabsorption in Hungary. AB - Lactose absorption capacity was estimated in 820 apparently healthy, well nourished, Hungarian adults and adolescents (560 females, 260 males, aged 16-54 years) using a field version of the lactose tolerance test with breath hydrogen determination. The test identified 497 lactose absorbers with low, and 323 lactose malabsorbers with high hydrogen excretion 120-150 min after an oral load of 50 g lactose. The prevalence of lactose malabsorption in the general Hungarian sample (n = 535) was 37%. In subgroups from the western and eastern Hungarian plains, frequency of lactose malabsorption reached almost 30%. It tended to be higher in Upper Hungary (ca. 40%) and in subjects stemming from former Hungarian areas in the Carpathian bend. Lactose malabsorption in a Hungarian ethnic subgroup, the Matyo (n = 172), did not differ significantly from that in the general population. Among Romai ("Gypsies", n = 113), the prevalence of lactose malabsorption was significantly higher (56%). Awareness of milk intolerance was significantly more frequent, and severe symptoms of lactose intolerance during the test occurred almost exclusively in lactose malabsorbers. PMID- 6618493 TI - De novo inversion 1, in amniotic fluid cell cultures. PMID- 6618495 TI - Cigarette smoking among Beijing (Peking) high schoolers. PMID- 6618494 TI - Wasimi village. A simulation of the community needs assessment process. PMID- 6618496 TI - Tobacco smoking by young adult males in Greece. PMID- 6618497 TI - Cigarette smoking and hearing loss. PMID- 6618498 TI - Toward a generation of non-smoking Canadians. PMID- 6618500 TI - An indicator to unmask smokers. PMID- 6618499 TI - [In Nigeria: sexual permissiveness and sex education]. AB - Considering the population explosion in Nigeria which is due both to medical advances and traditional beliefs in large families as well as the recent trend of sexual permissiveness which involves the teenagers population, the author of the article considers that sex education is imperative in Nigeria. However, he sees many obstacles standing in the way of general acceptance of sex education. The husband-wife relationship does not encourage free communication on the subject and colonization has removed the traditional forms of sex education through initiation rites and pre-marital counseling by the elders so that young people nowadays rely mostly on peer information or erotic movies and publications. It seems to the author that the only avenue left open is to teach sex education through the school systems. A systematic review of the provisions for sex education in primary and secondary schools as well as teacher's training colleges bring the author to the conclusion that although the sex education curriculum seems comprehensive on paper, they are mere copies of similar American or Canadian programmes with very little attempt at indigenizing them. Furthermore, the syllabus seem to be concentrated on one year instead of being spread out over the school career. The author expresses his conviction that the topic could easily be made acceptable with the right approach and he advocates grounding sex education teaching in the traditional roots of the students. PMID- 6618501 TI - Legislation aimed at curbing the world smoking epidemic. PMID- 6618502 TI - Family planning and health work at the grassroots: some issues and new concerns in the Indian context. PMID- 6618503 TI - The detection of auditory evoked responses using a matched filter. PMID- 6618504 TI - A computer simulation study of diffraction tomography. PMID- 6618505 TI - Spectral analysis of electrical impedance measurements on the lower limbs. PMID- 6618506 TI - ECG enhancement by adaptive cancellation of electrosurgical interference. PMID- 6618507 TI - A unified approach to represent metal electrode polarization. PMID- 6618508 TI - Transthoracic ventricular defibrillation in the 100 kg calf with symmetrical one cycle bidirectional rectangular wave stimuli. PMID- 6618509 TI - A modified reconstruction filter for diverging X-ray beams. PMID- 6618510 TI - Long-term culture of human endothelial cells. AB - Human umbilical vein endothelial cells can be grown in vitro for 28 passages (CPDL 58) in Medium 199 supplemented with newborn bovine serum and a partially purified growth factor derived from bovine brain. Newborn bovine serum is superior to fetal bovine serum for the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells seeded at low density in the presence of the growth factor. The endothelial cells, which can be passaged every 7 to 10 d at a 1-to-5 split ratio, retain their morphological and biochemical characteristics. The proliferation of cells seeded at low density (10(3)/cm2) is proportional to the concentration of the growth factor present in the medium. The growth factor, which has an isoelectric point between 5.0 and 5.5, can support cell proliferation at reduced serum concentrations; half-maximal growth is achieved in medium containing the growth factor and 3% serum. The brain endothelial cell growth factor does not stimulate DNA synthesis significantly in cultures of human skin fibroblasts. PMID- 6618512 TI - Variation in composition of media and reagents used in the preparation of cell cultures from human and other animal tissues: Dulbecco's, Earle's, and Hanks' balanced salt solutions. AB - When comparison was made of directions given for three salt solutions commonly used in cell culture preparations and identified as Dulbecco's, Earle's, and Hanks', variations in composition were found. Some significantly alter the suitability of the materials for the intended use. Other differences may have less effect. This brief review reveals a tendency among researchers to follow procedures obtained from colleagues for the preparation of laboratory reagents and media, to cite the original publication rather than their colleagues' work as the source of the information, and to fail to compare the two for differences. Some failures in cell culture propagation may be attributed to similar instances with other published but incorrectly cited work. Tables are provided that facilitate comparison of the correct original formulations with variants from selected published sources. PMID- 6618511 TI - Established cell lines from different groups of vertebrates undergo metabolic cooperation with one another. AB - The prelabeled-donor technique was used to study metabolic cooperation in the established cell lines, RTG-2, FHM, and IgH-2, which are respectively from rainbow trout, fathead minnow, and green iguana. The donors were grown with [3H]hypoxanthine for 3 h after which the radioactive medium was removed and the recipients, marked by the presence of latex beads, were added. Cells from each of these lines were capable of cooperating with themselves and with one another because after 5.5 h the recipients in contact with donors were more significantly labeled than those that were not in contact. Cells FHM and IgH-2 were grown with HGPRT-Chinese hamster fibroblasts, CHW-1102, in the presence of [3H]hypoxanthine. In all cases the CHW-1102 cells that were in contact with the nonmammalian cells were more heavily labeled than those that were not in contact. Thus cells from a fish and a reptile undergo metabolic cooperation with cells from a mammal. PMID- 6618513 TI - Chinese hamster ovary cells cultured in low concentrations of fetal bovine serum: cloning efficiency, growth in suspension, and selection of drug-resistant mutant phenotypes. AB - Reducing serum concentrations in media provides a potential cost advantage. To determine whether such media could be used for applied mutagenesis assays, we measured cloning efficiency and growth parameters in suspension of Chinese hamster ovary cells cultured in reduced serum with or without additives (1 microgram/ml insulin, 3 X 10(-7) M linoleic acid, 1 X 10(-8) M H2SeO3) or bovine serum albumin (BSA, 1% wt/vol). With the additives and less than or equal to 0.5% fetal bovine serum (FBS), Ham's F12 medium (without hypoxanthine and thymidine) was more optimal than alpha Eagle's minimum essential medium (MEM) (without ribosides and deoxyribosides) for low density cloning and high density suspension growth. Acceptable cloning efficiencies were obtained with 2% FBS plus BSA without additives in either medium; the addition of BSA resulted in improved colony size and more compact colony morphology. In alpha MEM, satisfactory growth rates and maximum saturation densities in suspension culture were obtained only with 5% FBS; in Ham's F12, 1% FBS + deoxycytidine + BSA yielded satisfactory suspension growth. Spontaneous mutant frequencies were compared for each medium containing 10% dialyzed FBS (DFBS), 1% FBS plus BSA, or 2% FBS plus BSA. The spontaneous frequency of azaadenine-resistant phenotypes (mutant at the aprt locus) in 1% FBS plus BSA was significantly lower than the frequency observed in 2% FBS plus BSA or 10% DFBS. Frequencies of spontaneous mutants resistant to thioguanine (hgprt locus) or fluorodeoxyuridine (tk locus) were similar with 10% DFBS, 1% FBS plus BSA, or 2% FBS plus BSA. Compared to alpha MEM with 10% DFBS, frequencies of drug-resistant mutants induced by ethyl methanesulfonate or mitomycin C (MMC) were not significantly lower in alpha MEM with 2% FBS plus BSA; observed mutant frequencies induced by dimethylnitrosamine or benzo(a)pyrene seemed to be decreased at lower survival levels. PMID- 6618514 TI - [Detection of antibody-coated bacteria in the urine of adults with chronic pyelonephritis]. AB - Urine samples of 59 patients suffering from chronic pyelonephritis were tested repeatedly for antibody-coated bacteria (ACB). We demonstrated that the number of positive results increased with the frequency of the tests performed. It was observed, however, that antibody-coated bacteria were not found consistently in every sample during a longer period of observation. PMID- 6618515 TI - Proliferation and emigration of newly formed lymphocytes from pig spleens during an immune response. AB - Normal young pigs were immunized intravenously with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). At various times after a second SRBC injection the spleens were connected to an extracorporeal perfusion system, and proliferating lymphoid cells in the spleens were selectively labelled with tritiated thymidine. One day later the relative and absolute numbers of spleen-derived lymphocytes were determined by autoradiography in the following organs: various parts of the spleen, mesenteric and cervical lymph nodes, thymus, bone marrow, Peyer's patches, tonsils, intestine, lung, liver and blood. From 1 to 7 days after the second SRBC injection, the spleens produced increasing numbers of lymphocytes, and labelled cells were found especially in the blood and bone marrow. The newly formed splenic lymphocytes migrated preferentially to T- but also to B-cell areas in lymph nodes, Peyer's patches and tonsils. In all organs outside the spleen nearly all labelled spleen-derived lymphocytes were small lymphocytes. However, the bone marrow contained a high proportion of labelled immature and mature plasma cells. The spleen produced large numbers of lymphocytes during the secondary immune response, many of which migrated to different organs probably as memory cells, while others were found in the bone marrow as effector cells from the immune response. PMID- 6618516 TI - Thyroglobulin uptake and presentation by macrophages in experimental autoimmune thyroiditis. AB - Macrophage uptake and presentation of thyroglobulin (TG) were investigated in rats with experimental autoimmune thyroiditis induced by immunization with TG and adjuvant. Peritoneal macrophages were shown to take up radiolabelled TG and this did not depend on the presence of thyroiditis in the animal or on the strain of rat used. Cell-associated antigen was largely unaffected by trypsin. Macrophages primed in vitro with TG produced a rise in the circulating TG autoantibody levels of convalescent animals when given intravenously (unlike free antigen), but did not induce disease in virgin animals. These findings show that macrophages can bind and present TG and suggest that this process may perpetuate otherwise transient autoimmune reactions. PMID- 6618517 TI - Detection of early peripheral airway disease. PMID- 6618518 TI - Changes in serum potassium levels during and after cardiopulmonary bypass -- a comparative study. PMID- 6618519 TI - Changes in ventilatory capacities due to exposure to talc dust. PMID- 6618520 TI - A study of forced expiratory spirogram in South Indian beedi smokers and cigarette smokers. PMID- 6618521 TI - Air borne fungal spora of Delhi. PMID- 6618522 TI - Assessment of pulmonary maturity and risk of respiratory distress syndrome by shake test of gastric aspirate in newborns. PMID- 6618523 TI - A study of small airways function by closing volume and density dependent flow volume curves. PMID- 6618524 TI - Fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology for diagnosis of intrathoracic lesions. PMID- 6618525 TI - Effect of oxyfedrine on forced expiratory volume (FEV1). PMID- 6618526 TI - Pulmonary geotrichosis. PMID- 6618527 TI - The long QT interval: clinical significance and therapeutic implications. PMID- 6618528 TI - Non-malignant H-type tracheo-esophageal fistula in a young girl. PMID- 6618529 TI - Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia: an unusual presentation. PMID- 6618530 TI - Sixteen new H-2 haplotypes derived from wild mice. AB - Wild mice captured in Texas, Scotland, Federal Republic of Germany, Denmark, Spain, Greece, Israel, Egypt, and Chile were mated to inbred strains and through successive backcross matings and H-2 typing lines homozygous for wild-derived H 2, haplotypes were established. The lines, which are neither congenic nor inbred, were then typed with antibodies defining known H-2 alleles at class I and class II loci. In addition, antisera were produced by the immunization of inbred strains with tissues of the new lines. Sixteen of the lines were characterized in this manner. The characterization resulted in the identification of 16 new H-2 haplotypes, 11 new K alleles, 10 new D alleles, and 21 new class I antigenic determinants, most of them of the private type. Most of the haplotypes represent natural recombinants sharing segments of the H-2 complex with previously identified haplotypes. A number of haplotypes are recombinants between the K and the A loci, which in genetic studies have proved difficult to separate. The lines, however, also provide evidence for preservation of blocks of genes in the H-2 complex, particularly in the class II region. Some of class I alleles previously found in wild mice from Michigan have now been found again in these mice. Several class II alleles of these lines appear to be the same as those found in inbred strains. Identical or nearly identical class I and class II alleles thus commonly occur in different populations. These findings strengthen the argument that in populations, H-2 alleles are relatively stable. PMID- 6618531 TI - Genetic studies on natural resistance to Moloney lymphoma (YAC) isografts. I. Introduction of a non-H-2-linked resistance gene on strain A/Sn background. AB - YAC is a Moloney-virus-induced lymphoma of strain A/Sn origin that is highly sensitive to natural killing (NK) in vitro and NK-mediated hybrid resistance in vivo. Previous studies have shown that hybrid resistance is under polygenic control that includes both H-2-linked and non-H-2-linked factors. For further analysis on the genetics and immunology of hybrid resistance, we are at present developing congenic resistant lines on an A/Sn strain background. Following an outcross to a strain that conveys strong hybrid resistance on the F1 offspring, the mice are challenged with small viable inocula of YAC. Survivors are backcrossed to A/Sn. This is followed by repeated YAC challenge and backcrossing. We now report the successful establishment of a first resistant strain, designated A.LRA. It is relatively resistant to small inocula of YAC cells due to a single, non-H-2-linked dominant gene introduced from the C57L strain. PMID- 6618532 TI - Polymorphic expression of a neutrophil differentiation antigen revealed by monoclonal antibody 7/4. AB - The rat monoclonal antibody (ab) 7/4 produced against neutrophil-rich cultured bone-marrow populations defines a polymorphic neutrophil differentiation antigen (ag). Ag 7/4 expression was characterized on cells from C57BL/6 and Swiss PO outbred mice using fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis and radioimmune binding assays. All neutrophils in bone marrow, blood, and inflammatory exudates were labeled by ab 7/4 and appeared to express similar amounts of ag 7/4 quantitated by saturation radioimmune binding assays. However, discrete populations of dimly (8-12% of nucleated cells) and brightly (30-40%) 7/4 labeled cells could be resolved by FACS analysis of bone marrow only. No binding was detected to resident or inflammatory macrophages, lymphocytes, eosinophils, mast cells and mature erythroid cells in hemopoietic or lymphoid tissues. Nine inbred mouse strains tested expressed high levels of ag 7/4, while six other strains expressed insignificant levels. The expression of ag 7/4 on bone-marrow cells from F1, F2, and backcross generation mice was consistent with control by a single, autosomal dominant gene. PMID- 6618533 TI - Genetic regulation of erythrocyte autoantibody production in New Zealand black mice. AB - The incidences of positive anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies (AEA) in New Zealand Black (NZB), C57BL/6, their F1, F2 hybrid, and the F1 X NZB backcross mice were 100, 0, 0, 17, and 51%, respectively. This finding is in keeping with the idea that a combined effect of one to three dominant predisposing NZB gene(s) and a single dominant modifying C57BL/6 gene regulates the AEA production. Studies suggested that the modifying locus Aem-1 is loosely linked to Mup-1 locus on chromosome 4, and the gene order is Aem-1: Mup-1: Gpd-1. We analyzed the effects of the Aem-1 locus on other autoimmune traits and found that the gene action of Aem-1 is unrelated to the spontaneous productions of dsDNA-specific antibodies, the retroviral gp70-anti-gp70 immune complexes and natural thymocytotoxic autoantibodies and to the serum level of retroviral gp70. A significant association was observed between the negative AEA and the low (normal) serum IgM level in (C57BL/6 X NZB)F1 X NZB backcross mice. It remains to be determined whether the Aem-1 locus also controls the serum IgM level. PMID- 6618535 TI - Susceptibility of Mastomys natalensis (GRA strain) to a subperiodic strain of human Brugia malayi. PMID- 6618534 TI - Simultaneous isolation of Salmonella stanley and S. oranienburg from an outbreak of food poisoning at Maldives island. PMID- 6618536 TI - Relative efficacy of miconazole against Rhizoctonia sp., Paecilomyces lilacinus and Fusarium solani. PMID- 6618537 TI - Breeding of Aedes aegypti in closed septic tanks. PMID- 6618538 TI - Iron absorption from habitual diets of Indians studied by the extrinsic tag technique. PMID- 6618539 TI - Determination of protein requirements in healthy male volunteers on vegetarian diet. PMID- 6618540 TI - Reverse tri-iodothyronine (rT3) in normal and hypothyroid children and its significance in treated hypothyroids. PMID- 6618541 TI - Psychosocial antecedents of myocardial infarction. PMID- 6618542 TI - Effect of undernutrition and rehabilitation on the postnatal growth of skeletal muscle and nerve in the rat. PMID- 6618543 TI - Clinical, electrophysiological and teased fibre study of peripheral nerves in leprosy. PMID- 6618544 TI - Evaluation of centbucridine for intravenous regional anaesthesia. PMID- 6618545 TI - A layerwise quantitation of human cholesterol gallstone constituents. PMID- 6618546 TI - Evaluation of left ventricular ejection fraction using a rectilinear scanner. PMID- 6618547 TI - Correlation of bioptic histology and sigmoidoscopic observations on lower gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 6618548 TI - Separation of polyamines in gastric aspirate by TLC in the diagnosis of gastric carcinoma. PMID- 6618549 TI - A study of vagal tone and cardiac effects of unilateral versus bilateral vagal stimulation in dogs, cats, rabbits and guinea pigs. PMID- 6618550 TI - Sudden death following injection of frusemide: case report. PMID- 6618551 TI - Effect of smoking on serum lipids and lipoproteins in healthy subjects, and patients of old myocardial infarction and hypertension. PMID- 6618552 TI - Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and carcinoma of the lung. PMID- 6618553 TI - Fetal growth: importance of maternal body size and dietary intakes during third trimester. PMID- 6618554 TI - Tin coating on brass utensils prevents copper contamination. PMID- 6618555 TI - Serum glycoproteins in infantile cirrhosis of liver. PMID- 6618556 TI - Mineral utilization from a 'bifidus containing formula' among infants. PMID- 6618557 TI - Nutritional supplementation-punctuating constraints in recovery among severely malnourished rural preschool children. PMID- 6618558 TI - Feeding and rearing practices in rural area of Jhansi-Bundelkhand. PMID- 6618559 TI - Role of Yersinia enterocolitica in childhood diarrhea. PMID- 6618560 TI - Emergence of pediatric surgery in India. PMID- 6618561 TI - Esophageal atresia: improved results and changing emphasis over twenty five years. PMID- 6618563 TI - Anorectal myectomy for short aganglionic megacolon. PMID- 6618562 TI - Extrahepatic portal obstruction in children--experience with side-to-side lienorenal shunt without splenectomy. PMID- 6618564 TI - Intestinal atresia. PMID- 6618565 TI - Management of biliary atresia. PMID- 6618566 TI - Traumatic pseudo-aneurysms of the brachial artery in children. PMID- 6618567 TI - Acute renal failure following bacillary dysentery--possible mechanisms of its pathogenesis. PMID- 6618568 TI - Flavobacterial meningitis in an infant. PMID- 6618569 TI - Fetal growth: relationship with maternal dietary intakes. PMID- 6618570 TI - Acute encephalopathy syndrome in Bangalore. PMID- 6618571 TI - Acute encephalopathy in children in Nagpur: similarity to Reye's syndrome. PMID- 6618572 TI - Complications of cerebrospinal fluid shunts. PMID- 6618573 TI - Intrauterine growth of Afghan babies. PMID- 6618574 TI - Neonatal polycythemia--a potentially serious disorder. PMID- 6618575 TI - Corticosteroid therapy in the treatment of cutaneous hemangioma of infancy and childhood. PMID- 6618576 TI - Impact of knowledge of anganwadi workers on slum community. PMID- 6618577 TI - Infection scoring in early neonatal infection. PMID- 6618578 TI - Antimicrobial therapy in newborn infants. PMID- 6618579 TI - Assessment of cerebrospinal fluid shunt patency. PMID- 6618581 TI - Ellis--Van Creveld syndrome. PMID- 6618580 TI - Choledochal cyst. PMID- 6618582 TI - Calculus anuria in a 20 months old child. PMID- 6618584 TI - N-Nitroso compounds. PMID- 6618585 TI - II.3.a Analysis of malt and malt-based beverages: general aspects. PMID- 6618583 TI - 'Renal tubular acidosis--a case report'. PMID- 6618586 TI - II.3.c Determination of N-nitrosodimethylamine in barley malt by the wort procedure. PMID- 6618587 TI - II.3.d Volatile N-nitrosamines in beer and other beverages by direct extraction using a kieselguhr column. PMID- 6618588 TI - II.3.e Determination of volatile nitrosamines in beer and other alcoholic beverages using a cellulose extraction cartridge. PMID- 6618589 TI - II.3.f Distillation method for determination of NDMA in beer and ale. PMID- 6618590 TI - Food and animal feed. General aspects. PMID- 6618591 TI - A versatile method for the determination of volatile nitrosamines in foods, beverages and animal feed. PMID- 6618592 TI - Determination of volatile N-nitrosamines in cured meat products. PMID- 6618593 TI - The determination of volatile N-nitrosamines in foods. PMID- 6618594 TI - Method for the determination of volatile N-nitrosamines in non-fat dry milk. PMID- 6618595 TI - II.4.b Determination of volatile nitrosamines in food, animal feed and other biological materials by low-temperature vacuum distillation and chemiluminescence detection. PMID- 6618596 TI - II. 4.c The analysis of volatile nitrosamines in Japanese foods. PMID- 6618597 TI - II.4.d A rapid method for the determination of volatile N-nitrosamines in liquid and dried foods. PMID- 6618598 TI - Biological fluids. General aspects. PMID- 6618599 TI - Biological fluids. Collection, preservation and artefact control. PMID- 6618600 TI - I.3 Problems of contamination and artefact formation in nitrosamine sampling and analysis. PMID- 6618601 TI - II.6.a General aspects. PMID- 6618602 TI - II.6.b Analysis of cosmetics, cutting fluids and other products containing detergents, surfactants and amines. PMID- 6618603 TI - II.6.c Isolation and determination of N-nitrosamines and nitrosatable compounds in rubber and plastic commodities after migration into a saliva test solution. PMID- 6618604 TI - II.6.d Drugs, pesticides and miscellaneous industrial chemicals. PMID- 6618605 TI - II.6.e Silages. PMID- 6618606 TI - III.1.a General introduction. PMID- 6618607 TI - III.1.b Analysis of total N-nitroso compounds as a group by denitrosation to nitric oxide, with detection using a chemiluminescence analyser. PMID- 6618608 TI - I.1 Public health significance of environmental N-nitroso compounds. PMID- 6618609 TI - III.2.a HPLC-TEA determination of NDELA and similar compounds in cosmetics. PMID- 6618610 TI - III.2.b HPLC-TEA determination of NDELA in cutting fluids. PMID- 6618611 TI - III.3.a N-nitrosamino acids in cured meat products. PMID- 6618612 TI - III.3.b GC-TEA determination of N-nitrosoproline in urine to provide an index for endogenous N-nitrosation. PMID- 6618613 TI - III.3.c N-nitroso-3-hydroxypyrrolidine in cured meat products. PMID- 6618614 TI - I.4 Hazards in handling N-nitroso compounds. PMID- 6618615 TI - Chromatographic separation methods: general aspects. PMID- 6618616 TI - IV.2.b GC-TEA of volatile nitrosamines from tobacco products. PMID- 6618617 TI - IV.2.c Use of column switching. PMID- 6618618 TI - IV.3 Capillary gas chromatography coupled with the TEA. PMID- 6618619 TI - IV.4 High-performance liquid chromatography of volatile nitrosamines. PMID- 6618620 TI - IV.5.a General remarks and aspects of the GC of specific non-volatile nitrosamines. PMID- 6618621 TI - IV.5.c GC separation of N-nitroso-3-hydroxypyrrolidine and N-nitroso-4 hydroxypiperidine. PMID- 6618622 TI - II.1.a Analysis of airborne N-nitrosamines: general aspects and sampling strategies. PMID- 6618624 TI - Detection techniques: introduction. PMID- 6618623 TI - IV.5.e GC-TEA determination of N-nitrosamino acids. PMID- 6618625 TI - V.2 The thermal energy Analyzer (TEA). PMID- 6618626 TI - V.3 Mass spectrometric analysis of N-nitroso compounds and derivatives. PMID- 6618627 TI - V.4 Voltammetry and polarography. PMID- 6618628 TI - V.5 The denitrosation of N-nitroso compounds. PMID- 6618629 TI - Confirmatory techniques: general aspects. PMID- 6618630 TI - VI.2 The confirmation of low levels of volatile nitrosamines by oxidation to nitramines. PMID- 6618631 TI - II.1.b Analysis of airborne nitrosamines by means of air-sampling cartridges. PMID- 6618632 TI - II.2.a General aspects. PMID- 6618633 TI - Regional vascular capacitance in rabbit one-kidney, one clip hypertension. AB - One-kidney Goldblatt hypertensive rabbits (New Zealand White) were studied after durations of renal artery clipping that varied from 6 to 17 days. Measurements included arterial pressure (ABP), iliac venous pressure (IVP), left atrial pressure (LAP), cardiac output (CO) (by thermodilution), blood volume (BV), cardiopulmonary volume (CPV), and hindleg thermodilution volume (HLV). These were determined at steady-state as well as during acute blood volume expansion. In sham-clipped animals, ABP was 74 +/- 1 mm Hg. This increased to 92 +/- 3 mm Hg by 6 to 9 days post-clipping, to 96 +/- 3 mm Hg by 10 to 13 days, to 89 +/- 4 mm Hg by 14 to 17 days. CO remained near 150 ml/min . kg until Day 13 and fell to 127 +/- 8 ml/min . kg at 14 to 17 days because of a fall in heart rate. Blood volume and stroke volume did not change significantly from 62 +/- 1 ml/kg and 0.60 +/- 0.04 ml/kg, respectively. The development of hypertension was due entirely to changes in peripheral resistance. CPV was 8.5 ml/kg initially and increased significantly as hypertension developed. HLV did not change significantly from about 10 ml/kg. During acute blood volume expansion, hypertensive animals showed smaller transient increases in CO than did sham-clipped normotensives, but the associated blood pressure rise was greater. This reduced vasodilator capacity was accompanied by reduced distensibility of the cardiopulmonary bed. In sham-clipped animals, the cardiopulmonary pressure/volume slope was between 0.05 and 0.07 mm Hg per ml/kg. This increased to 0.44 mm Hg per ml/kg by 14--17 days of clipping. The corresponding value for the hindleg region did not change significantly from 0.2 mm Hg per ml/kg. Cardiac output and stroke volume were directly correlated with cardiopulmonary volume. The slope of this correlation decreased significantly during hypertension. The data suggest that decreased cardiopulmonary compliance in hypertension minimizes transient changes in cardiac output. This is especially important for arterial blood pressure control in view of the impaired vasodilator capacity of the hypertensive circulation. PMID- 6618634 TI - Permeability of intestinal microvessels in chronic arterial hypertension. AB - We studied changes in intestinal microvascular permeability resulting from chronic arterial hypertension. Normotensive dogs and dogs made chronically hypertensive utilizing the one-kidney, one clip Goldblatt technique were used to obtain values for: arterial pressure, portal pressure, intestinal lymph flow, and the lymph-to-plasma protein concentration ratio (CL/Cp). Values for the normotensive dogs were 111 mm Hg, 7.1 mm Hg, 6.2 ml/hr, and 0.64, respectively, while values for the chronically hypertensive dogs were 165 mm Hg, 7.3 mm Hg, 12.5 ml/hr, and 0.66, respectively. Control lymph flow in the hypertensives was 100% greater than in the normotensives, while there was no significant difference in control CL/Cp between the two groups. When portal venous pressure was acutely increased to 30 mm Hg, lymph flow increased to approximately the same maximum value in both groups. This represents an eightfold increase in normotensive and a fourfold increase in hypertensive lymph flows. The reflection coefficient determined as 1 - (CL/Cp) for total proteins at maximum lymph flow was 0.78 for the normotensives and 0.56 for the hypertensives. An electrophoretic analysis indicated sieving of large molecular weight protein fractions was considerably reduced in the hypertensives when compared to the normotensives. Our results indicate a significant increase in intestinal microvascular permeability to macromolecules resulting from the one-kidney, one clip Goldblatt model of chronic arterial hypertension. PMID- 6618635 TI - Sympathetic nerves and adrenal medulla: contributions to cardiovascular conditioned emotional responses in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - This report investigates the contributions of the sympathetic nerves and adrenal medulla to resting mean arterial pressure (MAP) and to emotionally conditioned MAP and heart rate (HR) responses in unrestrained spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto normotensive control rats (WKY). Resting MAP (in mm Hg), which was higher in SHR (WKY = 120 +/- 4; SHR = 163 +/- 4; p less than 0.01), did not differ in the two strains following chemosympathectomy (WKY = 105 +/- 2; SHR = 101 +/- 2; n.s.). Adrenal medullectomy did not affect resting MAP in WKY (125 +/- 6; n.s.) but lowered it in SHR (146 +/- 5; p less than 0.05), relative to controls (see above). The conditioned pressor response (in mm Hg) in controls consisted of two peaks (I, II) in both strains, but was exaggerated in SHR (I = WKY, 13 +/- 1; SHR, 25 +/- 2; p less than 0.01; II = WKY 10 +/- 2; SHR 20 +/- 2; p less than 0.01). Chemosympathectomy suppressed (relative to controls) the first peak, but not the second, in both strains (WKY: I = 4 +/- 1, p less than 0.01; II = 12 +/- 2, n.s.; SHR: I = 6 +/- 1, p less than 0.01; II = 15 +/- 2, n.s.). Adrenal medullectomy alone had little effect on the pressor response, but when combined with chemosympathectomy both peaks were largely eliminated (WKY: I = 2 +/- I; II = 5 +/- 1; SHR: I = 1 +/- 0; II = 2 +/- 0). These data indicate that: 1) hypertension in conscious, freely behaving SHR is largely sustained by the sympathetic vasomotor nerves but that the adrenal medulla contributes to the magnitude of the elevation; 2) the early component of the exaggerated pressor response during aversive stimulation is mediated by sympathetic vasomotor excitation; and 3) the later component of the exaggerated pressor response reflects coactivation of the sympathetic vasomotor nerves and the adrenal medulla. PMID- 6618636 TI - Intestinal microvascular adaptation during maturation of spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Adaptive microvascular changes in increased arterial pressure were investigated in the intestine of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In 4- to 5-week-old normal Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and SHR ras, as well as in 18- to 21-week-old WKY rats, the number of arterioles of a given type per milligram of tissue were very similar. However, 18- to 21-week-old SHR had 30% to 35% fewer arterioles in the diameter range of 25--35 mu, as if intestinal vessels were lost or failed to grow during maturation. The largest and smallest arterioles in the intestine of adult SHR were constricted by 20% to 25%, but other vessels in the SHR had an equal or increased diameter relative to those in WKY rats. As a result of rarefaction and selective vasoconstriction in SHR, microvascular pressures in the intestinal muscle of SHR were near those in WKY rats, and those in villi of SHR were equal to those in WKY rats despite a 60% to 70% increase in mean arterial pressure in SHR. The percentage of small arterioles (less than 15 mu) that were intermittently closed to flow at rest was minimal, and the total number of small vessels per milligram of tissue was equal in WKY and SH rats. These data indicate that the adaptive changes in the intestinal vasculature of SHR do not include the loss of small arterioles as occurs in skeletal muscle but that the vascular branching pattern is disturbed, and the largest and smallest arterioles are constricted in the intestine of SHR. PMID- 6618637 TI - Acute effects of metoprolol on muscle sympathetic activity in hypertensive humans. AB - Recordings of multiunit sympathetic activity were made from muscle branches of the peroneal nerve in eight previously untreated subjects with essential hypertension during intravenous administration of the cardioselective beta adrenoceptor antagonist, metoprolol. Intraarterial blood pressure and central venous pressure were monitored simultaneously. After metoprolol, heart rate fell and central venous pressure increased in all subjects. Blood pressure increased in some subjects and decreased in others whereas the rate of rise of the systolic pulse wave regularly decreased. Sympathetic activity, discharged in pulse synchronous bursts of action potentials, was quantitated by counting the number of bursts and their amplitudes in the mean voltage neurogram. In all subjects, the average diastole was associated with outflow of more sympathetic impulses after metoprolol than before. Total sympathetic activity (expressed as bursts/min multiplied by mean burst strength) also increased after the drug. The mechanism behind the increase of sympathetic activity may be either a direct central nervous effect or a reflex effect elicited from arterial baroreceptors or cardiac receptors. PMID- 6618638 TI - Baroreflex function in elderly hypertensives. AB - Baroreflex function was assessed in elderly hypertensive patients and compared with that observed in young hypertensives and young normotensives. Mean arterial pressure was reduced by 20% using intravenous nitroprusside infusion in 10 elderly hypertensive patients (older than 65 years and diastolic pressures over 95 mm Hg), in 10 young hypertensives (under 60 years and diastolic pressures over 95 mm Hg), and in seven young normotensive subjects (under 60 years and diastolic pressures under 95 mm Hg). Elderly subjects demonstrated greater sensitivity (p less than 0.005) and greater variability of response (p less than 0.025) to nitroprusside than either young group. There was no significant difference between the slight heart rate increases observed in the supine position in the three groups. However, in the erect position, heart rate increases were significantly less in the elderly hypertensive group than in the young hypertensive group (p less than 0.01) or the young normotensive group (p less than 0.005). Furthermore, the slope of the regression line relating change in blood pressure with change in R-R interval was less for the elderly patients than for the young hypertensives (p less than 0.05) or the young normotensives (p less than 0.025). We conclude that the heart rate component of the baroreflex is impaired in elderly hypertensives, and anticipate that the clinical response to antihypertensive drugs will be altered. PMID- 6618639 TI - Plasma norepinephrine and dietary sodium intake in normal subjects and patients with essential hypertension. AB - To evaluate the relationship between sodium intake and the activity of the sympathetic nervous system in patients with essential hypertension, plasma catecholamine levels were measured in 49 essential hypertensive patients and 38 age-matched normal subjects under regular-, high-, and low-sodium diets (mean 24 hour sodium excretions; 116 +/- 8, 267 +/- 29, 31 +/- 7 mEq/day, respectively). The levels of plasma norepinephrine were significantly (p less than 0.01) higher in hypertensive patients than in normal subjects. However, they were significantly reduced by high-sodium intake and increased by low-sodium intake in both patients and controls. The percent decrease and change in the absolute plasma norepinephrine levels from low- to high-sodium states were greater in normal subjects than in the hypertensive patients. The results are interpreted as indicating that an abnormal relationship exists between sodium intake and the activity of sympathetic nervous system in patients with essential hypertension. PMID- 6618640 TI - Blood pressure response to dietary sodium restriction in normotensive adults. AB - Sixteen healthy, normotensive husband-wife pairs participated in a study to investigate the effect of reduction of dietary sodium intake (goal less than or equal to 60 mEq/day) on blood pressure. Sodium excretion decreased from a control average of 152.7 +/- 10.1 (SE) mEq/day to 69.5 +/- 4.5 mEq/day (p less than 0.001). Results indicated significant decreases in both systolic (p less than 0.001) and diastolic (p less than 0.001) blood pressure after a period of sodium restriction. In the entire group, there was no significant change in potassium excretion (58.4 +/- 3.2 vs 54.6 +/- 3.5 mEq/day) or body weight (76.0 +/- 2.8 vs 75.3 +/- 2.7 kg). Although there was variability in the blood pressure response, the decrease in blood pressure was significantly correlated with the magnitude of sodium restriction (r = 0.36, p less than 0.03). These results indicate that the blood pressure response to sodium restriction may not be limited to individuals with hypertension and that the response is heterogeneous in normotensive subjects. PMID- 6618642 TI - Pediatric neurology--need for development. PMID- 6618641 TI - Responses of the stenosed and contralateral kidneys to [Sar1, Thr8] AII in human renovascular hypertension. AB - To better define the intrarenal hemodynamic effects of angiotensin in human renovascular hypertension, 10 patients underwent renal hemodynamic and functional measurements before and during infusion of a competitive angiotensin analog, [Sar1, Thr8] AII. Eight had technically satisfactory split function studies. Despite a fall in mean arterial pressure (132 +/- 6 to 121 +/- 6 mm Hg, p less than 0.05) and humoral changes consistent with angiotensin-mediated hypertension, the intrarenal effects of this analog were commonly those of an angiotensin agonist, producing vasoconstriction and sodium retention. This was quantitatively greatest in the contralateral kidney, whose preinfusion sodium excretion (86 +/- 30 microEq/min vs 25 +/- 9 microEq/min, p less than 0.02) and glomerular filtration rate (76 +/- 7 ml/min vs 41 +/- 7 ml/min, p less than 0.01) were higher than the stenotic kidney. In some cases, an increase in renal blood flow and rise in sodium excretion were evident during angiotensin blockade, suggesting a tonic intrarenal action of angiotensin. Although renin vein renin values differed markedly between the stenotic and contralateral kidney (ratio = 2.05 +/- 0.30), relative changes in effective renal plasma flow were correlated (r = 0.84: p less than 0.01) during infusion of this analog. These results underscore the differences in sensitivities between vascular beds to the effects of angiotensin II and the major role of the contralateral kidney in renal function and sodium homeostasis in human renovascular hypertension. PMID- 6618643 TI - Primary health care for developing countries. PMID- 6618644 TI - Growth at adolescence. I. A study of the development of secondary sex characters in urban girls. PMID- 6618645 TI - Growth at adolescence. II. A study of the development of secondary sex characters in urban boys. PMID- 6618646 TI - Developmental lag in preschool children of goitrous mothers. PMID- 6618647 TI - The spectrum of pediatric pyloroduodenal obstruction. PMID- 6618648 TI - Ambiguous genitalia. PMID- 6618649 TI - Head trauma in children. PMID- 6618650 TI - Neonatal gangrene of the extremities. PMID- 6618652 TI - Antral and multiple colonic atresia. PMID- 6618651 TI - Hydrocolpos as a cause of urinary ascites. PMID- 6618653 TI - Periodicity of human birth at Madurai. PMID- 6618654 TI - Carbohydrate metabolism in ICC. PMID- 6618656 TI - BCG test in children receiving anti-tubercular therapy. PMID- 6618655 TI - Anti-HAV IgM in Indian childhood cirrhosis. PMID- 6618657 TI - [The physiology of lipoprotein metabolism]. AB - The physiology of lipoprotein metabolism is discussed. Emphasis is given to the presentation of the structure and the metabolism of apolipoproteins (A-E) and their relevance to the metabolism of lipoproteins (chylomicrons, very low density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins, high density lipoproteins). With the consistent transformation our our concept of lipid emulsion with this new physiological and pathophysiological knowledge, improvements in artificial nutrition can be expected. PMID- 6618658 TI - [Current status of parenteral feeding with fat emulsions. Clinical experiences with infected patients]. AB - In sepsis the utilization of endogenous and administered fuel sources is sometimes impaired. The precise origin of this metabolic failure is currently unknown. In long term and severe septic processes an increased peripheral energy deficit appears accompanied by a drastically augmented muscle protein catabolism. Branched chain amino acids released by this protein breakdown, at least temporarily, meet the energy needs of the muscles. Ketone bodies as energy source for the muscle are not available because their production is diminished in sepsis. The question of whether or not fat emulsions can be administered to septic patients still remains unanswered, although some recent investigations have demonstrated that fat is utilized and oxidized by septic patients. Results from our patients indicate that a marked reduction of cholesterin ester quotient, an increase of total and VLDL triglycerides and a severe reduction of HLDL Cholesterin are particularly characteristic changes in lipid metabolism during sepsis. The proportional decrease of the linoleic acid levels in cholesterol esters of plasma observed in septic patients was even more pronounced followed severe injury. Together with others we believe that parenteral fat application is not contraindicated in sepsis. The decision to infuse fat emulsions depends more on the metabolic situation of a patient than on a specific diagnosis; in other words, a sufficient peripheral oxygen supply, the level of the serum triglycerides and the reaction of the blood glucose concentration to an intravenously administered fat emulsion are, among others, the decisive factors. PMID- 6618659 TI - [Lipid metabolism and parenteral fat administration in liver failure]. PMID- 6618660 TI - [Lipid metabolism and lipid utilization in renal failure]. PMID- 6618661 TI - [Current status of parenteral feeding with fat emulsions. Clinical experience in children]. AB - Total parenteral nutrition with lipid emulsions is considered to be a standard regimen in Europe treating pediatric diseases since more than 10 years. Due to the high energy requirements during childhood only by administration of fat emulsions the adequate input of energy can be guaranteed. It should be emphasized that i.v. administration of lipid emulsion must be performed continuously (by means of a bypass or with mixed solutions) in a dosage up to 2 g/kg/day. In order to control the function of fat elimination from the vessel system the daily estimation of serum triglycerides, which should not exceed values higher than 150 200 mg/dl during the infusion regime is highly recommended. Parenteral nutrition with fat should be performed according to strict indications; contraindications against administration of fat are severe shock, severe coagulation disturbances and rare forms of lipid disorders (with inability to metabolize fats, such as the inborn Apolipoprotein-C-II-deficiency). Observing all rules including strict sterile cautions, parenteral nutrition with fat serves as a valuable well experienced tool treating pediatric patients. Beside the known problems with the catheter no problems should be expected. PMID- 6618662 TI - Cloning of Babesia bovis by in vitro cultivation. AB - A procedure for cloning Babesia bovis was developed. The procedure was used to establish and cultivate homogeneous populations of parasites and to isolate B. bovis from carrier animals. Three different clone lines of B. bovis based on in vitro growth rates were established. PMID- 6618663 TI - Relationship of virulence-associated autoagglutination to hemagglutinin production in Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia enterocolitica-like bacteria. AB - A total of 339 Yersinia strains were tested for virulence-associated autoagglutination and hemagglutinin (HA) production. Autoagglutination was frequent among human clinical isolates belonging to Y. enterocolitica serogroups O:3, O:8, and O:9 and among porcine isolates of serogroups O:3 and O:9. Positive autoagglutination results were also observed in serogroups O:1 and O:2, associated with outbreaks among chinchillas, hares, and goats. All of 164 environmental isolates were negative in the autoagglutination assay. When subcultured serially in nutrient broth, none of the clinical isolates produced HA at either 22 or 37 degrees C, whereas 22.6% of the environmental yersiniae yielded mannose-resistant HA (MRHA). Six different MRHA patterns were recorded. Eighteen strains, all of which produced MRHA in nutrient broth, yielded similar MRHA patterns after cultivation on colonization factor agar. None of the autoagglutination-positive-(AA+) strains produced MRHA in either nutrient broth or on colonization factor agar. In contrast, a distinct autoagglutination associated MRHA was detected after growth in Eagle minimal essential medium. Comparison of AA+ and autoagglutination-negative (AA-) derivatives of serogroups O:2, O:3, O:5, O:8, and O:9 showed that all AA+ cultures produced MRHA when grown in minimal essential medium at 37 degrees C overnight, whereas no MRHA was observed with any of the AA- derivatives of the same serogroups. This autoagglutination associated MRHA reacted with guinea pig erythrocytes, but not with erythrocytes from seven other species. PMID- 6618664 TI - Carbohydrate metabolism by Actinomyces viscosus growing in continuous culture. AB - A human oral strain of Actinomyces viscosus, GN431/75, was grown anaerobically in a defined medium in continuous culture with a glucose limitation at dilution rates (D) between 0.025 and 0.2 h-1 and with a nitrogen limitation at D = 0.005 and 0.1 h-1. With 5 mg of glucose per ml, the culture was limited for carbon at D = 0.025 and 0.05 h-1, but became nitrogen limited (asparagine) at D = 0.1 and 0.2 h-1. The molar growth yield (Yglucose) decreased from 50.0 to 40.9 g of cells per mol of glucose as the dilution rate was increased from 0.025 to 0.2 h-1, reflecting the limitation of asparagine. With high glucose and low amino acid concentrations (nitrogen limited), the cell yields at D = 0.05 and 0.1 h-1 were 37 to 33% lower than in the glucose-limited culture. The major products of metabolism were succinic and lactic acids with lesser amounts of acetic and formic acids and ethanol. The rate of glucose fermentation by resting cells removed from the glucose-limited culture and assayed in a pH stat increased with the dilution rate and was always higher than that for the fermentation of sucrose (60%) and fructose (40%). Activity for the glucose-P-enolpyruvate phosphotransferase system was observed in whole homogenates, with the highest activity evident at D = 0.1 h-1 with the glucose-limited culture. The observed activity was significantly lower than the rate of glucose metabolism at each dilution rate, suggesting that glucose-P-enolpyruvate phosphotransferase system was underestimated or that an additional transport system exists in the organism. The glucose-limited culture showed considerable ability to synthesize glycogen during the transition from carbon to nitrogen limitation, when 35% of the cell mass was present at this polymer. The organism was shown to possess the glycogen synthetic enzymes ADP glucose synthase and ADP glucose transferase, as well as the degradative enzyme maltodextrin phosphorylase. Washed cells of A. viscosus GN431/75 were shown to be relatively insensitive to the inhibiting actions of NaF in pH-fall and constant-pH experiments at all dilution rates. At pH 7.0, 25 mM NaF was required to completely inhibit glycolysis by glucose-limited cells at D = 0.05 h-1, whereas a concentration of only 11 mM NaF was required with cells of Streptococcus mutans grown and incubated under identical conditions. An interesting feature of the growth of A. viscosus GN431/75 in the chemostat was the shift from individual nonadherent cells at the low dilution rates to the appearance at D = 0.2 h-1 of large cell aggregates forming tenacious adherent films reminiscent of its characteristics in the oral cavity. PMID- 6618665 TI - Molecular epidemiological studies of United States Gulf Coast Vibrio cholerae strains: integration site of mutator vibriophage VcA-3. AB - Environmental and clinical Vibrio cholerae O-1 strains isolated from the U.S. Gulf Coast region were found to be lysogenic for a vibriophage which we have designated VcA-3. Comparison of VcA-3 with the previously described vibriophages VcA-1 and VcA-2 has shown that VcA-1 and VcA-3 are homoimmune, have extensive sequence homology, but have markedly different restriction endonuclease digestion patterns. VcA-3 was found to randomly integrate into the V. cholerae RV79 chromosome and to introduce stable auxotrophic mutations. We show that all U.S. Gulf Coast environmental and clinical isolates that are lysogenic for VcA-3, including both tox+ and tox- isolates, contain the prophage integrated at an identical chromosomal site. Given the known stability of temperate mutator bacteriophages, these results suggest that there is a clonal relationship among the V. cholerae O-1 strains examined in this study, including the tox+ and tox- isolates. PMID- 6618666 TI - Isolation and properties of levanase from Streptococcus salivarius KTA-19. AB - Fructan-hydrolyzing enzyme from Streptococcus salivarius KTA-19 isolated from human dental plaque was investigated. The enzyme was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, acetone fractionation, and column chromatography on Bio-Gel and DEAE-cellulose. The purified enzyme showed a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. Its molecular weight was 100,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme exhibited an optimum pH of 6.5 and decreased its activity from pH 6.0 and especially below pH 5.5. The optimum temperature was 40 to 50 degrees C, and enzyme activity was reduced by 90% at 55 degrees C. Enzyme activity was markedly inhibited by Hg2+, Ag+, Cu2+, and p chloromercuribenzoate at a concentration of 10(-3) M, but not by other metal ions or chemical effectors. Fructose was the only by-product of the enzyme action on levan. These results indicated that the levanase of S. salivarius KTA-19 is an exo-beta-(2,6)-fructofuranosidase. PMID- 6618667 TI - Identification and characterization of Campylobacter jejuni outer membrane proteins. AB - Outer membrane proteins from isolates of Campylobacter jejuni were examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Sarcosinate-insoluble membrane preparations were outer membrane enriched based on increased ketodeoxyoctonate concentrations, the presence of surface-exposed 125I-labeled proteins that were hydrophobic, and similarity to membrane vesicle (bleb) sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiles. Most isolates contained a single major band with molecular weight of 41,000 to 45,000. Profiles of C. jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates were indistinguishable, but either could be easily differentiated from Campylobacter fetus and Campylobacter faecalis. The profiles were stable for strains under a variety of growth, incubation and passage conditions. We classified 110 isolates from patients with sporadic campylobacter enteritis into nine subtypes based on differences in outer membrane sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiles. Two categories accounted for 76% of the isolates. Complete concordance was observed in subtypes of strains obtained from epidemiologically related cases. Thus, comparison of the major outer membrane proteins of C. jejuni is a useful technique for investigating the transmission of this organism and may provide a basis for immunological characterization of the outer membrane proteins. PMID- 6618668 TI - Pathogenesis of change in the upper respiratory tracts of turkeys experimentally infected with an Alcaligenes faecalis isolate. AB - The course of changes within the upper respiratory tracts of turkey poults experimentally infected with Alcaligenes faecalis was studied. The initial change observed (5 days post-inoculation) was colonization of the upper respiratory tract by the bacterium. Changes in the nasal turbinates and trachea were first apparent as a focal loss of cilia but subsequently developed into a general loss of cilia (11 days post-inoculation). Eventually, the entire ciliated epithelial layer in the cranial region of the trachea was lost (13 days post-inoculation). With the loss of cilia and ciliated cells, a highly viscous mucus was able to accumulate in the anterior one-half to two-thirds of the trachea. In addition, changes in the gross structure of the trachea (flaccid trachea) were observed in all poults inoculated with A. faecalis. There was an apparent gradation in the severity of these changes from severe in the cranial region of the trachea to mild in the region just anterior to the bronchial bifurcation. The observations resulting from A. faecalis infection indicated two major tracheal changes responsible for the chronic and sometimes severe nature of this disease. These changes included a loss of ciliary activity and a flaccid trachea which together resulted in the accumulation and stasis of mucus and tracheal collapse. PMID- 6618669 TI - Cell-free released components of Streptococcus sanguis inhibit human platelet aggregation. AB - To study the role of surface components in the selective binding and aggregation of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) by strains of viridans streptococci, we treated the binding, aggregation strain Streptococcus sanguis I 2017-78 by sonication or trypsinization. Morphologically identifiable electron-dense fibrils were released from the cell wall, apparently from an inner electron-dense layer, under conditions that left cells intact. These controlled conditions were determined to cause submaximal loss in adhesion to platelet ghosts and PRP aggregation by treated, washed S. sanguis. Soluble components were recovered from the controlled sonic or L-(tosylamido 2-phenyl)ethyl chloromethyl ketone-trypsin treatments. Each showed dose-response inhibition of aggregation when preincubated with PRP before challenge with fresh, untreated S. sanguis. The time to onset of PRP aggregation was inhibited by 50% with 0.2 mg of TPCK-trypsin peptides or 1.0 mg of the sonicate per ml per 2 X 10(8) platelets. Components of both preparations were immunologically cross-reactive, but lipoteichoic acid was not a major antigen of either. By weight, the TPCK-trypsin peptides were virtually all protein; the sonicate residues identified were about 50% protein and 7% hexose. Each was a complex mixture of components as shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. More than 8 TPCK-trypsin peptides and 16 sonicate components were so identified. In contrast, at least four or five components from either preparation were recognized as surface determinants by a rabbit antiserum to whole homologous microbes. Platelet-binding ligands of S. sanguis could be among these determinants. PMID- 6618670 TI - Morphological aberrations of nutritionally deficient streptococci: association with pyridoxal (vitamin B6) concentration and potential role in antibiotic resistance. AB - A strain of a nutritionally deficient streptococcus was shown to undergo morphological aberrations according to pyridoxal concentrations in the growth medium. Filamentous rod-shaped cells, observed by electron microscopy, predominated in the presence of decreasing concentrations. Multiple invaginations in the outer cell wall suggested inhibition of binary fission. Penicillin antimicrobial studies performed in the presence of similar pyridoxal concentrations indicated a relationship between filamentous forms and penicillin susceptibility. PMID- 6618671 TI - Legionella pneumophila-induced suppression of macrophage spreading in vitro. AB - Incubation of normal mouse resident peritoneal cell suspensions rich in macrophages with Legionella pneumophila whole cell vaccine or soluble preparations thereof resulted in marked inhibition of the ability of the cells to spread on glass surfaces during a 24-h period. This inhibition, however, was transient in that by day 2 to 3 after culture initiation only partial inhibition was evident, and by day 4 to 5 thereafter most of the treated macrophage cultures showed normal spreading activity. Suppression of macrophage spreading was evident not only with intact Legionella preparations and the sonic extract but also with a lipopolysaccharide-rich somatic antigen preparation and flagella. The suppressive effects of Legionella preparations on a functional activity of normal macrophages in vitro indicate that these bacteria may have a detrimental effect on an important activity of cells involved in the immune defense system. PMID- 6618672 TI - Evaluation of the A/Seal/Mass/1/80 virus in squirrel monkeys. AB - An influenza A virus isolated from seals [A/Seal/Mass/1/80 (H7N7)] and an isolate of this virus obtained from a human conjunctiva were evaluated for replication and virulence in squirrel monkeys. When the seal virus was administered intratracheally, it replicated in lungs and nasopharynges and induced illness almost to the same extent that a human influenza A virus [A/Udorn/72 (H3N2)] did. In one monkey that died of pneumonia, the seal virus was recovered from spleen, liver, and muscle as well as lung. After conjunctival administration in monkeys, the seal virus replicated to a peak titer in the conjunctivae 30-fold greater than that attained by the human virus, but this difference was not statistically significant. In contrast, the seal virus replicated less well than the human virus in the tracheae and nasopharynges when administered by the conjunctival route. These results indicate that the seal virus can replicate efficiently in primates, that it can spread systemically, and that it might differ from human virus in being able to replicate slightly better in primate conjunctival tissue. PMID- 6618673 TI - Stickland reactions of dental plaque. AB - Dental plaque samples from monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were shown to contain proline reduction activity in coupled Stickland reactions with other amino acids and also with certain end products of bacterial glucose metabolism. The unusually high concentration of bound and free proline in the oral environment may be of importance in both the production of base and in the removal of acid from the tooth surface after dietary carbohydrate ingestion. PMID- 6618674 TI - Increased occurrence of hepatitis A with cyclic outbreaks among drug addicts in a Swedish community. AB - To determine the prevalence of antibodies to Hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) among drug addicts, sera collected in a Swedish city during a ten-year period from 234 drug addicts with acute hepatitis B were tested for anti-HAV. The results were compared with the normal population, where only 3.8% of those born after 1950 were anti-HAV-positive. In individuals born between 1941 and 1965, 8.2% in the normal population and 30.2% of the drug addicts were anti-HAV-positive (p less than 0.001). The level of immunity to hepatitis A among drug addicts ranged from 7.7% to 60% during the ten-year period. Low levels of immunity were seen in the years preceeding outbreaks of hepatitis A among drug addicts. These outbreaks occurred in a cyclic pattern. Higher levels of immunity were seen after each outbreak. PMID- 6618675 TI - Bestatin treatment for the correction of granulocyte dysfunction in patients with recurrent furunculosis. AB - Bestatin, a new immunomodulator which is chemically well-defined, was examined for its capacity to enhance the phagocytic activity of neutrophilic granulocytes from patients with furunculosis. The ability of the granulocytes to ingest fluorescein-labelled yeast particles was significantly decreased in 19 patients with recurrent furunculosis (p less than 0.01). Oral administration of 40 mg bestatin to ten patients increased the phagocytic function of their granulocytes significantly (p less than 0.01). PMID- 6618676 TI - Studies on lamoxactam penetration into the aqueous humor of the human eye. AB - Eighteen patients scheduled for surgical lens removal were assigned to six groups of three patients each. These patients received 25 mg/kg lamoxactam i. v. 30 to 180 min prior to surgery. In the course of the operation, aqueous humor was obtained and a serum sample taken to determine the antibiotic concentration. The mean peak serum level was 154.5 mg/l after 30 min; it was still 46.4 mg/l after 3 h. The lamoxactam concentrations in the aqueous humor increased slowly. Peak levels after 2 h were 4.2 mg/l. The ratio of aqueous humor level: serum level after 1 h was 4.7%, after 1.5 h 5.3% and after 2 h 6.9%. The ratio then remained constant up to the third hour. Aside from some gram-positive bacterial species and Pseudomonas species, all relevant microorganisms which cause eye infections are included in lamoxactam's spectrum of susceptibility. PMID- 6618679 TI - Polymorphonuclear function and respiratory syncytial virus infections in children. PMID- 6618677 TI - Moxalactam therapy of serious infections. AB - Twenty-four patients were treated with moxalactam for 25 serious infections. Nineteen patients were septicemic and 18 presented severe underlying diseases considered to impair the normal response to bacterial pathogens. All of the pathogens had MICs of less than 12 mg/l except one Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain with an MIC of 32 mg/l. The dosage ranged from 3 to 12 g/day; the route of administration was either i.v. or i.m. The duration of treatment was six to 26 days. Six patients had urinary tract infections (three bacteremia), four had pulmonary abscesses (two bacteremia), five had septic thrombophlebitis (five bacteremia) and ten had miscellaneous infections (nine bacteremia). Twenty-two (92%) patients responded favourably. Four patients (16.6%) developed superinfections due to organisms highly resistant to moxalactam: three Streptococcus faecalis, one Bacteroides fragilis and one Aspergillus flavus. Tolerance was good. Nine moderate adverse reactions were observed: three cases of transient eosinophilia, two of phlebitis, three hepatic enzyme alterations and one rash. Moxalactam kinetics were measured in serum from 15 patients with normal renal function after receiving 1 g i.v. over 30 min. The mean peak level after the infusion was 82.8 +/- 12.1 (SE) mg/l; the mean trough level 8 h later was 6.2 +/- 1.7 (SE) mg/l. The serum half-life was 2.6 +/- 0.6 (SE) h for the beta phase. Plasma clearance was 76.8 +/- 8.2 ml/min. Moxalactam was found to be highly effective in the therapy of life-threatening infections. PMID- 6618680 TI - High frequency ventilation. PMID- 6618678 TI - Efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin preparations against viral and bacterial infections in mouse protection tests. AB - Our investigation indicates that pretreatment of human immunoglobulin for the elimination of the anticomplementary activity is associated with a loss of activity, the extent of which depends on the type of treatment applied. Laboratory preparations of human IgG were tested in a mouse protection assay using influenza A2-Taiwan virus, tetanus toxin and Salmonella typhimurium as the challenge. There was a 7-28% reduction in efficacy in an intravenous 7S preparation in comparison with an untreated 7S IgG. F(ab')2 fragments showed a 24 65% and Fab fragments an 80-100% reduction in efficacy. Two commercial human 7S products showed approximately 90% efficacy in the Salmonella assay; a commercial, pepsin-treated preparation showed 65-74% efficacy when compared with untreated 7S IgG. PMID- 6618681 TI - Comparison of iodinated antigens of metastatic and non-metastatic mammary adenocarcinoma cells. AB - The surface and detergent-soluble proteins of metastatic (TMT-081) and nonmetastatic (MT-100) mammary adenocarcinoma cells were labeled using [125I] lactoperoxidase. The iodinated proteins were analyzed by SDS-gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. The results revealed seven iodinated surface polypeptides in metastatic cells with molecular weights of 150,000, 130,000, 110,000, 78,000, 67,000, 40,000 and 22,000. The nonmetastatic cell surface revealed eight iodinated polypeptides with molecular weights of 175,000, 150,000, 130,000, 120,000, 110,000, 67,000, 40,000, and 24,000. The small molecular weight polypeptides, 22,000-24,000, of both metastatic and nonmetastatic cells were the most intensely labeled and appeared as a major surface component. Iodination of the detergent-soluble proteins in tumor extracts results in the labeling of five polypeptides (175,000, 67,000, 44,000, 29,000, 22,000 MW) of metastatic tumor and six polypeptides (175,000, 78,000, 67,000, 40,000, 35,000, 22,000 MW) of nonmetastatic tumor. Immunoprecipitation analyses indicate that the iodinated tumor polypeptides are antigenic to a xenogenic host. The 175,000 MW surface polypeptide of nonmetastatic and the 40,000 MW polypeptide of metastatic cells were not detected in the immunoprecipitates. The results of immunoprecipitation suggest that the small molecular weight (22,000-24,000) polypeptides are the predominant antigens of both tumor cells. PMID- 6618682 TI - Effect of a purified excreted factor from Leishmania brasiliensis on macrophage activity. AB - The effect of a purified glycoprotein excreted to the culture medium by Leishmania brasiliensis on the endocytic and degradative capacity of macrophages was studied. It was demonstrated that 125I-albumin incorporation as well as its intracellular fate by mouse peritoneal or tumor J774-G8 macrophages was greatly reduced when they were treated with excreted factor (EF). EF appears to alter also membrane properties in addition to its intracellular effect. The results are discussed in relation to the Leishmania survival mechanism inside the host macrophages and its pathogenicity. PMID- 6618683 TI - Effect of chemotherapy and reinfection on IgE-containing and IgG-containing circulating immune complexes, serum IgE and IgE antibodies in patients chronically infected with Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium. AB - The effect of chemotherapy and reinfection on circulating immune complexes (CIC), serum IgE, and parasite-specific IgE antibodies was studied in patients concomitantly infected with Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium. Before chemotherapy IgE- and IgG-containing CIC were present in high concentrations in all patients and IgE antibodies to S. mansoni and to S. haematobium in almost 80% of the cases. Serum IgE was excessively high (median 4,900 ku/1), but decreased to half of its initial value 2 months after chemotherapy. When reinfection with S. haematobium occurred onwards from month 4, the serum IgE reincreased and reached almost the pretreatment level at month 16. Effective chemotherapy was also followed by a rapid decrease of IgE-containing CIC and a slower, but significant, decrease of IgG-containing CIC. However, in contrast to IgE and IgE antibodies, the reinfection did not lead to a reincrease of CIC. It was interesting to note that the concentration of IgE as well as that of IgE-containing CIC was significantly correlated to the intensity of the infection. These investigations demonstrated that high levels of IgE- and IgG containing CIC are present in chronic human schistosomiasis, but that the concentrations of CIC fall to normal values, when the parasites are eliminated by chemotherapy. PMID- 6618684 TI - Allergens of Schistosoma mansoni. I. Comparison of the IgE response in human and experimental infections towards characterized allergens from adult worm products. AB - The reaction of adult worm products of Schistosoma mansoni with IgE antibodies in infected human and Fischer rat sera has been studied using the Prausnitz-Kustner test and the radioallergosorbent test. Incubation of worms in water released most of the soluble material reacting with both rat and human sera in the radioallergosorbent test. Sera from infected Fischer rats recognized a fraction with pI 4.9-5.2 separated by preparative isoelectric focusing throughout the time course of infection, whereas human sera reacted with material focusing between pI 4.4 and 6.0. A peak of allergenic activity with an apparent molecular weight between 70,000 and 150,000 was obtained by gel filtration. Human bilharzian sera also reacted with material in the molecular weight range 12,000-25,000. Allergenic material bound specifically to concanavalin A-Sepharose, Lens culinaris agglutinin-Ultrogel, and wheat germ agglutinin-Ultrogel, but substantial allergenic activity was also present in unbound fractions. PMID- 6618686 TI - Adjuvancy of Cremophor Elo in rodents. AB - Cremophor Elo proved as potent as Freund's complete adjuvant for eliciting skin reactivity to bovine serum albumin in guinea pigs. It enhanced delayed hypersensitivity to sheep erythrocytes in mice while hemagglutinin antibody titers were not affected. This adjuvant activity is likely to play a critical role in hypersensitivity reactions to Cremophor-containing drugs, e.g. alphadione. PMID- 6618687 TI - Development of the oocyte-penetrating capacity of spermatozoa in the human epididymis. AB - The development of the penetrating capacity of human epididymal spermatozoa has been assessed in vitro using zona-free hamster oocytes. Spermatozoa were recovered from epididymal tissue of men undergoing vasectomy or epididymovasostomy. The results suggest that human spermatozoa first develop the potential to penetrate oocytes in the proximal corpus region. Spermatozoa recovered from more proximal sites of the excurrent duct failed to bind or fuse with zona-free hamster eggs although a small proportion (3%) in the caput region were capable of progressive motility. The data are discussed in relation to biochemical changes to human spermatozoa during maturation. PMID- 6618685 TI - Development of monoclonal mouse antibodies specific for allergenic components in ryegrass (Lolium perenne) pollen. AB - The development of monoclonal mouse antibodies against ryegrass (Lolium perenne) pollen allergens is described. Hybridoma colonies secreting antibodies specific for allergenic components were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Positive colonies were cloned and expanded. The pollen components with which the monoclonal antibodies interact were identified and characterised following sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electrophoretic transfer to nitrocellulose. In this paper six monoclonal mouse antibodies are described. Three antibodies interact with a single molecule of between 30,000 and 35,000 daltons. One antibody interacts with a component of 16,000 daltons whereas the remaining two antibodies react with more than one component, one reacting with two components at 28,000 and 30,000, and the other with five components having molecular weights between 18,000 and 71,000 daltons. PMID- 6618688 TI - Testosterone concentrations in human seminal plasma and saliva and its correlation with non-protein-bound and total testosterone levels in serum. AB - A sensitive, specific and precise non-chromatographic method for the radioimmunoassay of testosterone in human seminal plasma and saliva from adult and pubertal males is described, and the values compared to total and non-protein bound testosterone levels in serum. There was a significant correlation between salivary and serum-free levels of testosterone (r = 0.75, P less than 0.001, n = 67) whilst the correlation of serum levels of total testosterone with free as well as with salivary testosterone levels was weaker (r = 0.63 and 0.64, respectively). The salivary and serum levels of free testosterone showed better correlation with the stage of puberty than did the serum levels of total testosterone. Further evidence for a correlation between salivary and serum levels of free testosterone was obtained following oral administration of testosterone undecanoate, as this treatment increased the mean concentration of serum total testosterone after 3 h by 82%, but increased salivary and serum levels of free testosterone by only 30% and 20%, respectively. The coefficient of correlation between serum levels of total testosterone and seminal plasma testosterone was 0.73 (P less than 0.001), whilst the correlation between levels of serum-free testosterone with both salivary and seminal plasma levels of testosterone was statistically non-significant. Our observations on salivary testosterone are in accordance with the diffusion of non-protein-bound steroids into peripheral tissues, and consequently into their secretions. This model, however, does not appear to be applicable to the sex accessory glands. PMID- 6618689 TI - Carnitine and short-chain acylcarnitines in the lumen of the human male reproductive tract. AB - Bioautography of human semen demonstrated the presence of L-carnitine, acetylcarnitine, propionylcarnitine and C4-acylcarnitines (butyrylcarnitines). In studies designed to ascertain the organs secreting these compounds into semen it was found that: Quantitative analyses of semen obtained pre- and post-vasectomy showed markedly decreased L-carnitine concentrations, slightly decreased acetylcarnitine levels, and unchanged propionyl- and butyrylcarnitine concentrations as a result of vasectomy. The earlier portion of human split ejaculate samples characteristically contained higher concentrations of carnitine and its propionyl- and butyryl esters and a lower concentration of acetylcarnitine than did the later portion. Vas deferens luminal fluid contained carnitine and each of the short-chain acyl derivatives, as shown by bioautography. Prostatic fluid contained only small amounts of carnitine and its derivatives. Spermatozoa contained much more acetylcarnitine than free carnitine, and only trace amounts of the other acylcarnitines. It is concluded that carnitine in semen is secreted primarily by the epididymis, that a proportion of the acetylcarnitine derives from the seminal vesicles and epididymis, and that propionylcarnitine and butytylcarnitine enter semen, at least in part, together with the vas deferens contents. PMID- 6618690 TI - Microbiological investigations on cryopreserved human semen. AB - Primary mycological contamination was studied in 565 random human ejaculates. After sperm preservation at low temperature, secondary mycological contamination of 55 of the ejaculates was investigated. 25 ejaculates were cryopreserved with and without antibiotics and examined bacteriologically before and after different phases of cryopreservation. Furthermore, semen samples of several donors were inoculated with suspensions of different concentrations of yeasts and with the test bacteria Escherichia coli K 12 and Staphylococcus aureus SG 511. Microbiological results were then compared before and after cryopreservation. The following results were obtained: 1.9.8% of samples showed primary mycological contamination (1.9% with Candida albicans). 2. Cryopreservation reduced the concentration of fungi by more than 90% on average. 3. Only one semen sample was contaminated with bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus haemolyticus and Streptococcus nonhaemolyticus). Non-pathogenic bacteria were found in 11 ejaculates (Micrococcus luteus in 5 samples and Staphylococcus epidermidis in 6 samples), and contamination was largely unaffected by cryopreservation, even in the presence of antibiotics. 4. Test bacteria inoculated into semen were not influenced by the addition of antibiotics to the cryoprotective medium. PMID- 6618691 TI - Selective uptake by the Sertoli cells of cytoplasm from normal spermatogonia in the rat testis. AB - Electron microscopical examination of germ cells during their development from early type A spermatogonia to late pachytene spermatocytes showed that small, spherical pseudopodia emerged from type B spermatogonia and, to a lesser degree, from intermediate spermatogonia and early spermatocytes. Serial sections showed that the pseudopodia pinched off from the type B spermatogonia and were engulfed by the adjacent Sertoli cells. Groups of dense bodies were found in the Sertoli cells adjacent to the engulfed islands of germ cell cytoplasm. At a few instances islands of germ cell cytoplasm were seen to fuse with dense bodies in the Sertoli cells. The fate of the cytoplasmic islands is unknown, but phagocytosis by the Sertoli cells may be suggested. The findings indicate a new type of interaction between Sertoli cells and certain classes of spermatogonia. PMID- 6618692 TI - Characterization of lectin receptors isolated from the outer acrosomal membrane of boar spermatozoa. AB - The outer acrosomal membrane (OAM) of boar spermatozoa was isolated by homogenization and centrifugation through modified colloidal silica. Homogeneity of the isolated membrane fraction (OAM) was revealed by transmission electron microscopy. At least 10 protein components could be discriminated by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis of the OAM, with molecular weights ranging from 340 to 15 kdal. Radiolabelling of the externally disposed carbohydrate side-chains by [3H]borhydride reduction of the isolated membrane, oxidized by use of galactose oxidase, revealed one main galactoprotein with a reduced molecular weight of about 270 kdal. This was identified as the RCA-120 receptor protein by means of lectin-affinity chromatography, high resolution gelfiltration and SDS-PAGE. Screening of the Con A binding properties of the solubilized membrane components partially isolated by affinity chromatography and HPLC was performed by an enzyme linked-lectin-assay (ELLA). Electrophoretic analysis including a Con A-peroxidase staining procedure allowed the identification of 4 Con A binding proteins of the OAM with molecular weights of 120, 110, 88 and 66 kdal. PMID- 6618693 TI - Evaluation of the effect of oxfendazole on sperm production and semen quality in boars. AB - Twice the recommended dose of oxfendazole was given as a single dose to each of 6 boars. From these and 6 placebo treated boars of similar age semen was regularly collected both before and after the antihelminth treatment. Sperm production (volume and total number of spermatozoa) and semen quality (motility and morphology of spermatozoa) were examined in each ejaculate. From these measurements and post-mortem examination of the genital organs there was no apparent negative influence of treatment on sperm production or semen quality. PMID- 6618694 TI - Formation of a [99mTc]polypeptide hormone: characterization and chemical quality control by ampholyte displacement radiochromatography. AB - 99mTc-complexes with the polypeptide hormone secretin in very low concentration were formed by the concentrated hydrochloric acid/vacuum evaporation/gentisic acid method. The 99mTc-secretin was characterized by a modified ampholyte radiochromatographic procedure, in addition to thin layer chromatography, gel chromatography and paper electrophoresis. High radiochemical purity and specific radioactivity were obtained. In vivo distribution studies were performed, and the conditions necessary for application of [99mTc]polypeptides as scintigraphic agents are discussed. PMID- 6618695 TI - A novel way to transport high activity C15O over long distances. PMID- 6618697 TI - Isotope effects of tritium in a ligand-antibody binding. AB - The affinity of testosterone labelled with 1, 2, 4 or 6 tritium atoms to testosterone antisera was examined. Scatchard plots indicated an increase of equilibrium constants with the number of tritium atoms per testosterone molecule. This behaviour was observed with all 3 antisera tested. It is speculated that the increase of affinity is due to a decrease of the amplitude of vibrations of tritium atoms, resulting in a decrease of vibrational repulsions. PMID- 6618696 TI - Development and bioevaluation of (o)-82Br[77Br]-bromohippuran. PMID- 6618698 TI - Development and use of the 195mHg-195mAu generator for first pass radionuclide angiography of the heart. AB - This paper describes the preparation and characteristics of a 195mHg-195mAu generator for clinical use in first-pass radionuclide angiography of the heart. The generator has an efficiency of elution of 20-30% which is maintained over the whole of its useful life. Over 100 patients have taken part in clinical trials with the generator. PMID- 6618699 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance: a new revolution in imaging. PMID- 6618700 TI - Evaluation of a computerized drug interaction checking system. AB - A real-time computer-based system for checking drug interaction is reported. Out of 169230 prescriptions checked by our drug interaction standards, 8.8% or 14965 were found to contain those which may cause drug interaction, while 47.3% of those were prescribed in the Department of Internal Medicine and 39.8% in Psychiatry. It was found that use could be made of some of the therapeutic prescriptions written in A group (Prescriptions containing the drugs with highly dangerous interactions), or Department of Psychiatry when sufficient cooperation was available between the physicians and the pharmaceutics. By this screening system, it became easy to advise the prescribing physicians about items of clinical tests required, treatment in order to prevent side effects, etc. PMID- 6618701 TI - [Automatic design of a linear or logarithmic scale. Application to plotting of conversion scales]. AB - This flexible program permits automatic linear or logarithmic scaling between two limiting values set by the user. The software is in BASIC adapted for the Hewlett Packard calculators HP-9845B and HP-85A. PMID- 6618702 TI - Application of deterministic epidemic theory to nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Nasal carriage of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is often used as an index of cross-infection in hospitals. In this paper, a deterministic model of the epidemiology of Staphylococcal nasal carriage was derived employing the concepts of epidemic theory. This theoretical model was tested against experimental data gathered from a large survey. When the association between nasal carriage of tetracycline-resistant Staphylococci and length of stay in hospital derived from the survey was compared with theoretical figures derived from the model, the validity of the model in a real situation was confirmed. PMID- 6618703 TI - Studies on some biochemical aspects in the toad after 48 hours of exposure to simulated high altitude. PMID- 6618704 TI - Wave pattern analyses for cold vaso-oscillation. PMID- 6618705 TI - A statistical investigation into the relationship between meteorological parameters and suicide. PMID- 6618706 TI - Precipitable immune complexes in Hodgkin's disease. AB - Sera from 28 untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease and from 120 healthy controls were investigated for the presence of circulating immune complexes using a modified 3% polyethylene glycol precipitation method with subsequent quantification of the precipitated protein. Elevated levels of precipitable protein were found in 79% (p less than 0.005) of Hodgkin's disease sera. The degree of elevation was associated with disease activity including the presence of B-symptoms. Constant and pronounced increase of precipitable protein was found in six patients with stage-III B nodular sclerosis subtype, thus exceeding the average amount of precipitable protein in healthy controls by a factor of 3-4. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate in 20 patients correlated with the amount of precipitable protein (r = 0.79). Additionally, partial component analysis of the precipitates was carried out by laser nephelometry. Immunoglobulins and complement components were identified as being major components of the precipitated material in sera both from patients and healthy controls, thus confirming the probability of the immune complex nature of the precipitates. Significant differences between patients and healthy controls concerned the amount of precipitable components. Elevation of precipitable IgM was found to be the most sensitive parameter (86% above means + 2 SD of normal controls, p less than 0.005). Increased amounts of precipitable IgG, C4, and Clq were found in 57 46% of patients' sera. Elevation of precipitable IgA and C3c were identified less often. The results suggest the quantification of precipitable immune complexes and their components to be of value as adjuncts in determining disease activity in Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6618707 TI - Oesophageal cancer in non-smoking drinkers and in non-drinking smokers. AB - Alcohol and tobacco are the two major risk factors for cancer of the oesophagus; they usually combine their action. The action of each factor is studied here in non-users of the other. Among non-drinking male smokers the relative risk is higher than 5; among non-smoking drinkers, risks are much higher and increase with average daily intake; this effect is also observed in females, with risk values of the same order of magnitude as for males. Thus the high sex ratio of oesophageal cancer in France can be entirely ascribed to different drinking levels in females and in males. PMID- 6618708 TI - Analysis of spontaneous, carcinogen-induced and promoter-induced chromosomal instability in patients with hereditary retinoblastoma. AB - Skin fibroblasts from patients with hereditary retinoblastoma (RB cells) were examined since predisposition to the tumour might be expected to involve some degree of chromosomal instability, as has been noted for several cancer-prone conditions. Spontaneous and N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced aberration frequencies were measured, the cytogenetic effects of long-term treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13acetate (TPA) were examined and also the spontaneous and TPA-induced sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequencies. In all the studies the RB cells behaved in a similar fashion to normal human skin fibroblasts. PMID- 6618709 TI - Human lung tumour cell line adapted to grow in serum-free medium secretes angiogenesis factor. AB - A human lung tumour cell line has been grown in serum-free medium for 12 months and during this period cells were subcultured every 4 days. The culture medium contained an angiogenesis factor which has been purified and shown to be similar to that isolated from other sources including solid tumours. This is the first report that demonstrates de novo synthesis and secretion of angiogenesis factor by a cell line adapted to grow in a serum-free medium. PMID- 6618710 TI - High-grade tumor-specific immunity induced by L1210 leukemia variants obtained from the culture of L1210 cells fused with Lesch-Nyhan fibroblasts. AB - A highly immunogenic variant of the murine L1210 leukemia cell (L1210/LN-1) for generation of tumor immunity has been obtained from culture of L1210 cells originally fused with human Lesch-Nyhan fibroblasts. In L1210/LN-1 cells, no human chromosomes were identified and chromosomes M1 and No. 1 carried by the parent L1210 cells were missing. L1210/LN-1 cells displayed an intermediate morphology between L1210 cells and Lesch-Nyhan fibroblasts. Most of the CDF1 mice that were inoculated with less than 2 X 10(6) L1210/LN-1 cells survived over 60 days without evidence of tumor, whereas the original L1210 cells killed all the mice tested in about 2 weeks. When inoculated with more than 5 X 10(6) L1210/LN-1 cells, CDF1 mice developed tumor. The CDF1 mice which rejected 2 X 10(6) L1210/LN 1 cells were protected very effectively against challenge of otherwise highly aggressive 1-5 X 10(5) L1210 leukemia cells; 40 out of 43 primed mice tested survived for 60 days or longer after the tumor challenge. Even the CDF1 mice primed with irradiated or mitomycin-treated L1210/LN-1 cells survived against a challenge of 10(5) L1210 leukemia cells. They were, however, not protected against P388 leukemia or Meth A sarcoma, indicating that the immunity was specific to L1210 leukemia. The immunity induced by L1210/LN-1 cells was transplantable by immune spleen cells into syngeneic recipients. Thus, the L1210/LN-1 cells we obtained seem to be very useful as an immunogen for generation of high-grade tumor-specific immunity against highly malignant L1210 leukemia. PMID- 6618711 TI - Antibody formation against the cytotoxic proteins abrin and ricin in humans and mice. AB - Antibody formation may limit the therapeutic use of cancerostatic proteins. To study the significance of antibody formation against abrin and ricin, highly sensitive ELISA procedures for determination of anti-abrin and anti-ricin were developed. In mice treated weekly with therapeutic doses of ricin, antibodies appeared after 2-3 weeks and then rose rapidly, whereas after abrin treatment the antibody formation was slower. Ricin A-chain was found to be more immunogenic than either intact ricin or human serum albumin (HSA). Cyclophosphamide inhibited the antibody response to both abrin and ricin and a combination of cyclophosphamide and prednisolone totally inhibited both anti-abrin and anti ricin formation during the 6-week observation period. In mice treated weekly with HSA, abrin treatment strongly reduced the anti-HSA formation, showing that abrin has an immunosuppressive effect which appeared to be stronger than that of cyclophosphamide. The existence of circulating antigen-antibody complexes could be demonstrated in the sera of toxin-treated mice by precipitation with polyethyleneglycol, whenever antibodies were detectable with ELISA. The life-span of animals given lethal ricin doses was appreciably enhanced in animals having antibody levels in excess of 10-20 ng/ml. In cancer patients treated i.v. every second week with therapeutic toxin doses, the 10-20 ng/ml levels of anti-ricin and anti-abrin were reached 6-8 weeks and 7-10 weeks after the first injection of ricin and abrin, respectively. The data indicate that the effective therapeutic use of abrin and ricin as single agents may be limited to these time frames, but that the period of effective use may be substantially prolonged if the toxins are given together with conventional cytostatic agents having immuno-suppressive activity. PMID- 6618712 TI - Murine non-lymphoid tumors are lysed by a combination of NK and NC cells. AB - Natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity (NCMC) against a variety of tumor targets is mediated by a heterogeneous group of effector cells with the natural killer (NK) and natural cytotoxic (NC) cells being the predominant prototypes in mice. This report shows that non-lymphoid tumor targets, mostly derived from chemically induced fibrosarcomas, are susceptible to either (1) NK-mediated lysis with all the activity being the function of a poly-IC augmentable Qa-5+ effector cell; (2) NC-mediated lysis with all activity being the function of a Qa-5- cell not augmented by poly-IC; and (3) a combination of NK-and NC-mediated lysis with activity being the function of both Qa-5+ and Qa-5- cells, the NK (Qa-5+) augmented by poly-IC. These studies further support the view that murine NC and NK cells are distinct and collectively make up the NCMC system, and also that the previous association of NK cells with lymphoid tumor lysis and NC cells with non lymphoid tumor lysis is not a valid one. PMID- 6618713 TI - Phonocardiography and pulse tracings. PMID- 6618714 TI - Origin and clinical relevance of musical murmurs. AB - Although our observations are limited to studies performed on a degenerated bioprosthetic valve that produced a musical murmur, we believe that they can be applied to musical murmurs caused by abnormal natural valves. Several points regarding the characteristics of musical murmurs have been clarified. A musical murmur results from a uniform periodic vibration of a cardiac structure. A non musical murmur results from turbulent blood flow which initiates random vibrations of adjacent structures. The broad spectrum of frequency of a non musical murmur reflects the broad range of random fluctuations of blood velocity that characterizes turbulent blood flow. The frequency, amplitude, and time of occurrence during systole or diastole of a musical murmur are dependent upon the hemodynamics in the vicinity of the vibrating structure. Variability of all of these characteristics of the murmur, therefore, may be expected. Musical murmurs may have a purer tone at a site distal to the source than close to the source. This may reflect a superimposition of a broad spectrum of noise due to turbulence close to the valve. With distance from the valve, turbulence attenuates more than the sound-pressure fluctuations which are due to the uniform vibrations of the valve. A pure tone, uncontaminated by this broad spectrum of noise due to turbulence, therefore, is heard at some distance from the valve. PMID- 6618715 TI - From academics to practice. PMID- 6618716 TI - How much prognostic information do exercise test data add to clinical data after acute myocardial infarction? AB - We compared the prognostic significance of variables from a symptom-limited bicycle exercise test performed three weeks after acute myocardial infarction with clinical variables from the hospitalization utilizing discriminant function analysis for one year follow-up. Clinical exclusion criteria define a high-risk group of patients not eligible for exercise testing. Among 430 patients without test 28.4% died versus 6.6% among 456 patients with test (P less than 0.0001) and 21.4% versus 9.6% experienced a new infarction (P less than 0.001). The most important exercise test variables were duration of exercise and ventricular premature beats. The prediction of death was not significantly different when clinical variables, exercise test variables or the combined set were used for positive predictive value (66.7%, 60.0%, 63.3%) and negative predictive value (71.6%, 67.4%, 71.8%). For new infarction the positive predictive value was significantly higher for exercise test variables (56.8%, P less than 0.03) or the combined set (59.3%, P less than 0.02) compared to clinical variables (45.5%). The negative predictive value was significantly higher for clinical variables (79.6%) compared to exercise data (63.6%, P less than 0.0001) or the combined set (67.0%, P less than 0.001). We conclude that exercise data cannot improve prediction of death but provides higher positive predictive value for the prediction of new infarction. PMID- 6618717 TI - Post-myocardial infarction treadmill exercise testing: complementary value to the clinical evaluation for predicting cardiac events. PMID- 6618718 TI - Myoglobinemia in myocardial infarction. PMID- 6618719 TI - Continuous vectorcardiography in acute myocardial infarction. Natural course of ST and QRS vectors. AB - We made continuous recordings of the X, Y and Z Frank leads in 43 patients with their first myocardial infarction admitted within 4 hours of the onset of pain. Sequential hourly analysis of the ST and QRS vector changes during the first 24 hours was performed. In short-term survivors (n = 38) mean serial changes of ST vectors showed an initial rapid decline until the 8th-10th hour, whereas QRS vector changes lasted longer and were completed within 13.5 +/- 3.6 hours (inferior infarction) and 10.2 +/- 2.4 hours (anterior infarction) respectively. The initial ST vector magnitude was significantly correlated to the subsequent cumulative QRS vector change (r = 0.82). The individual ST vector changes showed a rapid decline in 33 of 38 patients (87%), whereas in 5 patients the ST vector magnitude increased to reach its maximum after 4-6 hours. After the initial decline new increases of the ST vector magnitude was noted in 16 patients on 20 occasions. In 13 instances this was associated with recurrent pain. The spatial change of ST vector direction with reference to the initial direction was significantly greater when recurrent ST rises were accompanied by additional QRS vector changes, compared to those without associated QRS changes (P less than 0.025). The individual QRS vector slopes could be characterized as (1) monophasic (n = 21, 55%), (2) polyphasic (n = 11, 29%) and (3) irregular (n = 6, 16%). We conclude that continuous vectorcardiography is a suitable method for following ST and QRS vector changes that accompany acute myocardial infarction and that ST vector changes can be used to predict subsequent QRS vector changes. PMID- 6618720 TI - Serial analysis by quantitative electrocardiology. PMID- 6618721 TI - Heart rate acceleration without changes in the QT interval and severe ventricular tachyarrhythmias: a variant of the long QT syndrome? PMID- 6618722 TI - Precordial ST-segment depression in acute inferior myocardial infarction: innocent bystander or a high risk indicator? AB - ST-segment depression in the anterior precordial leads is seen in roughly one half of patients with first acute inferior myocardial infarction. Concomitant stenosis of the left anterior descending artery can be detected angiographically in approximately 50% of all patients with inferior infarction whether or not precordial ST-segment depression is present. The presence of precordial ST segment depression identifies a subgroup of patients with inferior myocardial infarction who have a lower left ventricular ejection fraction and quantitatively more severe abnormalities involving the posterolateral and inferoseptal segments. The contribution of anterior wall ischemia to the genesis of the precordial pattern remains problematic; although most studies to date have not supported this viewpoint, careful quantitative thallium perfusion studies have not been done. Short-term mortality and morbidity seem less favorable in the presence of precordial ST-segment depression, but this has not been substantiated by all authors. PMID- 6618723 TI - "Reciprocal" anterior ST depression early in the course of transmural inferior myocardial infarction: an ECG finding of uncertain clinical significance. PMID- 6618724 TI - Patient attitudes to hypnotherapy in a general medical practice: a brief communication. PMID- 6618725 TI - Forensic hypnosis--two case reports: a brief communication. PMID- 6618726 TI - Effects of brief Antarctic isolation on absorption and hypnotic susceptibility- preliminary results and recommendations: a brief communication. PMID- 6618727 TI - Suggested improvement of visual acuity: a statistical reevaluation. PMID- 6618728 TI - Suggested improvement, music, and the visual acuity of myopes: a reply. PMID- 6618729 TI - The clinical use of self-hypnosis in hypnotherapy: tapping the functions of imagery and adaptive regression. PMID- 6618730 TI - The status of research and training in hypnosis at APA accredited clinical/counseling psychology internship sites: a national survey. PMID- 6618731 TI - Hypnosis and the experience of nonvolition. PMID- 6618732 TI - Spontaneous recovery of memory during posthypnotic amnesia. PMID- 6618733 TI - The radiological appearance of appositional new bone on the medial part of the neck of the femur in coxarthrosis. AB - The X-rays of 448 hip joints with coxarthrosis (representing 304 patients) were examined. The majority (87.5%) showed appositional new bone formation on the medial part of the femoral neck in antero-posterior X-rays. Further studies showed that the extent of new bone formation on the posterior surface of the femoral neck was usually much greater than that found on the medial margin. Well trabeculated cancellous bone lay between the new bone cortex and the persisting cortex of the femoral neck. The new bone formation is considered to be a response to abnormal forces caused by limping. The radiological appearance was clearly defined into four major groups and it is suggested that the pattern observed may be related to the type of limp, the presence of a flexion deformity or anteversion of the femoral neck. PMID- 6618734 TI - An evaluation of primary resection of the head of the femur with or without subtrochanteric angulation osteotomy. AB - Fifty-six patients, whose average age was 64 years and who had primarily undergone resection of the femoral head with or without subtrochanteric angulation, were examined clinically and by radiographs at an average of 11.5 years after the operation. The functional activity of the patients, the mobility and stability of the operated hip joint as well as the resulting shortening of the leg and the radiographic results were assessed. The result was very good in 9 patients and in 36 patients was good or satisfactory. Eleven patients had poor results. On the other hand 52 of the patients were subjectively satisfied with the late result of the operation, although they often felt that the hip was unstable and that one leg was shorter than the other. Muscular development played an important part in achieving the functional result. There was often an increase in mobility and stability after years had passed, especially in younger patients who persisted with active exercises after the operation. PMID- 6618735 TI - The treatment of congenital dislocation of the knee with the Pavlik harness. AB - We have used the Pavlik harness in the treatment of congenital dislocation of the knee in six knees in five patients, with satisfactory results. We believe that the muscles in the thigh which cross both the hip and knee joints, the rectus femoris and hamstrings, play an important role in the spontaneous reduction of the joint. Full correction is not always obtained, our results are comparable with those described by other authors. We consider that the advantages of using the harness are that a spontaneous correction can be obtained, maximal correction can be obtained after three months of treatment and the method is safer than others used. PMID- 6618736 TI - The proximal tibio fibular joint. An anatomical study with clinical and pathological considerations. AB - The proximal tibiofibular joint (TFJ) was studied in 489 dry bones and 50 specimens of dissected knees. A marked variability in morphological characteristics was found with frequent osteoarthritic changes. The most common types of joint found were the trochoid and the double trochoid, followed by the plane type. No articular facet could be recognised in 10 dry fibulae and 12 dry tibiae. The inclination of the joint ranged between 5 degrees and 80 degrees. Osteoarthritis of some degree was present in the TFJ joint in 83 fibulae (27%) and 80 tibiae (38%). It was associated with osteoarthritis of the knee joint, especially affecting the medial compartment, in 30% of cases. Osteoarthritis of the TFJ was also found in a case of multiple exostoses and in a specimen with Bejel disease. No correlation could be established between the presence of the 'squating facets' in the distal end of the tibia and the morphological characteristics or pathology of the TFJ. A clinical case of osteoarthritis of the TFJ in a women of 57 is presented, and the differential diagnosis of pain over the lateral aspect of the knee is discussed. PMID- 6618738 TI - Reconstruction of the rotator cuff. AB - The results of a new operative technique of reconstruction of the rotator cuff are described in 112 cases. The principle of the method is the restoration of the anatomy in order to restore function. Results so far have been encouraging, as 80% of the patients have benefited from the operation. PMID- 6618737 TI - An analysis of the function of the posterior talofibular ligament. AB - The function of the posterior talofibular ligament was studied using an apparatus which subjected the ankle joint to a measured torque and allowed the simultaneous recording of rotatory movements in two planes. Thirty osteoligamentous preparations of ankle joints were examined, half in the sagittal and horizontal planes and the remainder in the sagittal and frontal planes. Successive section of the lateral collateral ligaments was performed, including, in particular, selective division of the short and long fibres of the posterior talofibular ligament. The function of this ligament was investigated in combination with the other two collateral lateral ligaments, with the calcaneofibular ligament alone, and finally as the only remaining intact ligament. The posterior talofibular ligament plays only a supplementary role in ankle stability when the lateral ligament complex is intact. After rupture of the anterior talofibular and the calcaneofibular ligaments, however, the short fibres of the posterior ligament restrict internal and external rotation, talar tilt, and dorsiflexion, while its long fibres inhibit only external rotation, talar tilt, and dorsiflexion. As the posterior talofibular ligament has no independent stabilizing function in the intact ankle joint, an isolated rupture of this ligament is unlikely. PMID- 6618739 TI - [Plate osteosynthesis of unstable fractures of the wrist with anterior displacement]. AB - A shaped plate was used for internal fixation of 23 fractures of the anterior margin of the lower end of the radius and of 5 Smith's fractures. Exposure was improved by opening the carpal tunnel. The fractures were accurately reduced and temporarily maintained by K wires before application of the plate and screws. Satisfactory results were obtained. PMID- 6618740 TI - Stenosis of the lumbar spinal canal in Forestier's disease. AB - Hyperostosis of the spine, Forestier's disease, is a rare, but well defined entity which results from silent, extensive paraspinal calcification. It has been regarded as an asymptomatic ankylosis requiring no medical or surgical treatment. Two patients with Forestier's disease are presented who show severe stenosis of the lumbar canal with early symptoms of neurological compression. PMID- 6618741 TI - The surgical management of pathological fractures. AB - Recent advances in radiotherapy and chemotherapy frequently prolong the life of patients with carcinomatosis, but the suffering and disability resulting from pathological fracture require aggressive local treatment in order to alleviate pain and restore skeletal stability. Out of 89 patients with 102 pathological fractures, 28 patients underwent surgery for 30 fractures. Radical local excision of tumour tissue and filling of the defect with methylmethacrylate was augmented by internal fixation. These procedures resulted in immediate and significant pain relief with consequent improvement in the quality of the patient's life. PMID- 6618742 TI - Levamisole therapy: clinical and immunological evaluation in herpetic keratitis. AB - Thirty patients with herpetic keratitis, recurrent in 17, were examined and submitted to an immunological evaluation for cell-mediated immunity (E rosette forming cells, absolute number of T lymphocytes, skin tests). A group of 15 patients was treated with Levamisole (2.5 mg/kg body weight, 3 days a week), while the control group received no Levamisole. The observation period varied from 6 to 24 months. The clinical follow-up showed a reduction in the severity and duration of herpetic attacks and in the frequency of relapses compared with the control group. The immunological findings indicated a normalization of E rosettes in all the patients (treated and controls). PMID- 6618743 TI - Immunopharmacological studies on experimental glomerulonephritis. AB - Immunopharmacological studies on modified nephrotoxic serum (NTS) nephritis in rats were conducted. The modified NTS nephritis was produced by an intravenous (i.v.) injection of NTS in a subnephrotoxic dose (sub-dose) into the rats which had been previously immunized with rabbit IgG (RGG) and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). In previously immunized rats, typical nephritic syndrome was demonstrated with respect to the elevation of urinary protein, serum cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and histopathologic scores of the kidneys. No changes in complement levels were found. By adoptive transfer experiments, it was found that sensitized lymphocytes were essential for causing the nephritis. The potency of the sensitized lymphocytes was reinforced by passing them through a nylon wool or Sephadex G-10 column after treatment with rabbit anti-rat F(ab')2 antibody and complement. The administration of cyclophosphamide, prednisolone, tilorone or cis 1-methyl-4-isohexylcyclohexane carboxylic acid (IG-10) showed a clear remission of nephritis. Cobra venom factor (CoVF) and Cu-chlorophyllin complement inhibitors showed a contradictory efficacy on the nephritis. CoVF which decreased the serum CH50 value did not produce any remission of the nephritis, whereas Cu chlorophyllin, which slightly decreased CH50 values produced a significant decrease in urinary protein and serum cholesterol. The macrophage-toxic agents carrageenan and dextran sulfate, also did not produce a remission of nephritis. These findings suggest that the participation of T cells is important for the onset of this nephritis and that macrophages and complement do not appear to be involved. PMID- 6618744 TI - Preventive effect of a quinonyl derivative of N-acetylmuramyl dipeptide, QMDP-66, against adriamycin-induced ECG abnormalities in rats. AB - The effects on adriamycin cardiotoxicity of an immunoadjuvant, 2-[2-acetamido-2 deoxy-6-0-[10-(2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1, 4-benzo-quinon-6-yl) decanoyl]-D glucopyranos-3-0-yl]-D-propionyl-L-valyl D-isoglutamine methyl ester (QMDP-66), and a reference compound, ubiquinone-10, were studied in Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. Adriamycin, 1 mg/kg/day intra-peritoneally (i.p.) for 23 days, elicited cardiotoxicity, as judged by widening of the QRS complexes in ECGs. Electron microscopic examination of myocytes from the treated rats revealed many cytoplasmic vacuoles possibly originating from deranged endoplasmic reticula or mitochondria. In addition, the treatment significantly inhibited body weight gain, and decreased ventricular weight. QMDP-66 alone, 1 mg/kg/day i.p. for 23 days, had no effect on the parameters described above. When QMDP-66 (1 mg/kg/day, i.p.) or ubiquinone-10 (3 mg/kg/day, i.p.) was administered together with adriamycin, the widening of the QRS complexes was significantly depressed, and cytoplasmic vacuoles in myocytes were rarely observed. The QMDP-66 or ubiquinone 10 treatment, however, did not alleviate the decrease in body weight gain or ventricular weight due to adriamycin. Heart rate was not significantly changed by any of the treatments. These findings suggest that QMDP-66 is an effective antidote against adriamycin cardiotoxicity. PMID- 6618745 TI - Carotenemia. PMID- 6618746 TI - Flea infestation and its control. PMID- 6618747 TI - Circulating immune complexes in Henoch-Schonlein purpura. AB - Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is a symptom complex which may involve the skin, joints, gastrointestinal tract, and kidney. Skin involvement occurs in more than 50% of the patients and may appear as erythematous purpuric macules or papules. The skin lesions show histologic features of leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Deposits of immunoglobulin and complement may be present in the involved vessel walls. A case of HSP is described where high levels of circulating immune complexes were found. This further suggests the possible involvement of immune complexes in the pathogenesis of HSP. PMID- 6618748 TI - Reactive perforating collagenosis in the setting of prurigo nodularis. AB - A 33-year-old Korean woman developed reactive perforating collagenosis in adulthood. Initially, her lesions resembled prurigo nodularis rather than umbilicated keratotic papules. PMID- 6618749 TI - Purge and trap flame photometric gas chromatography technique for the speciation of trace organotin and organosulfur compounds in a human urine standard reference material (SRM). AB - Ultratrace levels of organotin species and an organosulfur compound were detected in a National Bureau of Standards (NBS) human urine Standard Reference Material, SRM 2670, and a previously certified urine SRM 2672, using a purge and trap system coupled to a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame photometric detector. samples of the SRM were treated with sodium borohydride to form volatile tin hydrides. Species detected included dimethyltin (1.04 ng/ml), butyltin (0.03 ng/ml), and dimethyl-disulfide (2.73 ng/ml) in the new stock of freeze dried human urine SRM 2670 being prepared for issue by NBS and methyltin (1.0 ng/ml), butyltin (1.5 ng/ml), and inorganic tin (28.1 ng/ml) in the old stock of SRM 2672. This analytical technique should have useful applications in studies that are needed to develop a toxicological data base and monitoring programs for human organotin exposure. PMID- 6618750 TI - The use of ion-exchange filters for the determination of iodide in milk by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. AB - An X-ray fluorescence spectrometric method has been developed for the quantitative determination of iodide in milk which makes use of anion-exchange filters for the isolation and concentration of iodide from the liquid samples. The milk is deproteinized with trichloroacetic acid, filtered then passed through an anion-exchange paper disc to remove the iodide. The disc is removed, dried then analysed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Six samples, consisting of homogenized, 2% fat and skim milk were analysed and found to contain between 0.37 0.67 ppm iodide. Detection limits in milk were estimated to be 0.05 ppm. PMID- 6618751 TI - Site selection by Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematoda): effects of surgical alteration of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 6618752 TI - Pre-mating barriers to species hybridization in Haemonchus. PMID- 6618753 TI - Pre-mating barriers in hybrid Haemonchus. PMID- 6618754 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the metacestode of Taenia crassiceps. PMID- 6618755 TI - Trypanosome antigen-antibody complexes and immunoconglutinin interactions in African trypanosomiasis. PMID- 6618756 TI - The effect of Haemonchus contortus infection on the pregnant and lactating ewe. PMID- 6618757 TI - Influence of infective dose, degree of host anaemia and multiparasitism of erythrocytes on Babesia microti and Babesia hylomysci parasitaemias in mice. PMID- 6618758 TI - Occurrence and geometrical features of head-to-tail sequences involving amino acids in crystal structures. AB - A careful study of the crystal structures of commonly occurring amino acids, and their racemates and complexes reveals that each hydrogen bond connecting the alpha-amino and the alpha-carboxylate groups and its symmetry equivalents generally give rise to an infinite head-to-tail sequence in which the two groups are periodically brought into close proximity. Such sequences, which have earlier been suggested to be of probable relevance to prebiotic polymerisation, appear to be an almost universal feature of amino acid aggregation in the solid state. These sequences belong to two main categories in terms of the geometrical arrangement of amino acid molecules in them. The sequences in the first category consist of straight chains of molecules related mostly by the shortest cell translation in the crystals. The sequences of the second category form hydrogen bonded two fold helices centred around crystallographic 2(1) screw axes. The sequences can be further sub-divided into different types on the basis of the geometrical features of the hydrogen bonds involved in them. A few sequences involving both L and D isomers have also been observed in the crystal structures of some DL-amino acids. The shortest cell translation in most crystals under consideration has a value in the neighbourhood of 5.3 A and corresponds to the periodicity of a straight head-to-tail sequence or, less frequently, that of a helical sequence or both. The crystal structures of amino acids and their complexes can be classified in terms of the occurrence and the geometrical disposition of different types of head-to-tail sequences in them. PMID- 6618759 TI - X-ray studies on crystalline complexes involving amino acids and peptides. IX. Crystal structure of L-ornithine L-aspartate hemihydrate. AB - L-Ornithine L-aspartate hemihydrate crystallizes in the space group C2 with a = 21.858(2), b = 4.718(1), c = 18.046(2) A and beta = 137.4(1) degrees. The crystal structure, solved by direct methods, has been refined to an R value of 0.041 for 1270 observed reflections. The conformation of the two amino acid molecules in the structure are somewhat different from those observed in other crystal structures which contain them. The crystal structure is stabilized by ionic interactions accompanied by hydrogen bonds. The unlike molecules aggregate into separate two-fold helices; each helix of one type is surrounded by, and is in hydrogen bonded contact with, four helices of the other type. The arrangement of the molecules in the structure is such that it can be described as consisting of alternating hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. The hydrophilic regions contain hydrogen bonded loops, each made up of two amino groups and two carboxylate groups. The structure also provides the first example of a head-to-tail sequence involving two types of amino acids. PMID- 6618760 TI - Isolation of melanotropins and vasopressin from neuro-intermediate lobes of bovine pituitary glands. A simplified procedure. AB - A simplified procedure for the isolation of alpha-melanotropin, beta-melanotropin and arginine vasopressin from the acid acetone extract of posterior-intermediate lobes of bovine pituitaries has been described. It involves essentially two steps: gel filtration on Sephadex G-10 and high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6618762 TI - X-ray structure analysis of a crystal form of L-aspartic acid with a neutral alpha-carboxyl group and a deprotonated side chain carboxyl group. PMID- 6618761 TI - D-Ala5 analog of the elastin polypentapeptide. Physical characterization. AB - The D-Ala5 analog, (L-Val1-L X Pro2-Gly3-L X Val4-D-Ala5) of the polypentapeptide (PPP) of elastin is synthesized and characterized by a series of physical methods. Carbon-13 and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies are used to verify purity and, by means of solvent dependence of peptide C-O chemical shift and of temperature dependence of peptide NH chemical shift, to establish by comparison with the PPP of elastin the presence and increased stability of the Type II Pro2-Gly3 beta-turn. The temperature dependence of aggregation in water to form a viscoelastic phase called the coacervate is reported for several concentrations. Comparison of carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra obtained under identical conditions for the coacervate states of the PPP of elastin and the D-Ala5 analog shows the effect of replacing the Gly5 residue by a D-Ala5 residue to be one of greatly restricting mobility of the polypeptide chain. Scanning electron micrographs, of the coacervate alone and of the coacervate cross-linked and compounded to a Dacron fabric before and after stress strain studies, are reported which show the D-Ala5 PPP matrix to rupture during the stresses of drying and of stretching while wet. Thus, the effect of adding a methyl moiety to the Gly5 residue of the PPP of elastin is to decrease markedly the mobility of the polypeptide chain and to destroy elasticity. The results are presented as a test of the proposed librational entropy mechanism of elasticity of the PPP of elastin. PMID- 6618763 TI - Multiple conformational equilibria of cyclic octapeptide, cyclo (L-Pro-Sar)4 in solution. AB - Cyclo (L-Pro-Sar)4 is a synthetic cyclic octapeptide composed of only N substituted amino acids. The conformation of this peptide in different solvents was examined by 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. 1H-n.m.r. data of this cyclic peptide demonstrated that multiple conformational equilibria take place in solution and they vary with solvent polarity. Three conformers are interconverting with each other in the nonpolar chloroform (CDCl3); one C4 symmetric conformer (49%) and two C2-symmetric conformers (37% and 14%). While three C2-symmetric (59%, 19%, and 18%) and one asymmetric conformer (4%) are detected to coexist in acetonitrile (CD3CN), one largely populated C2-symmetric one (97%) is favored in the polar dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO-d6). N.m.r. measurement employing various strategy predicted the occurrence of trans-cis-cis cis-trans-cis-cis-cis (two Sar-Pro bonds: trans) (tccctccc) peptide bond sequence in a predominant C2-symmetric conformer of Me2SO-d6 solution. In the same way, tccctccc and ctttcttt (two Sar-Pro bonds: cis) peptide unit arrangement was proposed for the first and the secondly populated conformer in CD3CN, respectively. In CDCl3 a conformer having tctctctc (four Sar-Pro bonds: trans) C4 symmetric peptide bond sequence was deduced. PMID- 6618764 TI - Synthesis of the protected tridecapeptide (56-68) of the VH domain of mouse myeloma immunoglobulin M603 and its reattachment to resin supports. AB - A protected tridecapeptide, representing a new peptide corresponding to residues 56-68 of the VH domain in the mouse M603 myeloma protein, has been prepared by solid phase peptide synthesis. The protected tridecapeptide was prepared using the photolabile 4-bromomethyl-(3-nitro)-benzamidomethyl-resin and the multidetachable 2-[4-bromomethyl)phenylacetoxy]propionyl-resin as solid supports. The synthetic protocol and protecting groups were the same for both syntheses. The protected tridecapeptide was removed photolytically from both supports and the sequence integrity was determined by preview analysis using the solid phase Edman degradation procedure. The protected tridecapeptide-OMPA was purified to homogeneity by DMF/H2O precipitation and LH-60 chromatography. The purity of the protected peptide was further demonstrated by high pressure liquid chromatography on the free peptide after HF deprotection. The protected tridecapeptide was reattached to 4-bromomethyl-(3-nitro)-benzamidomethyl-resin to give the photolabile Boc-(protected)peptidyl-4-oxymethyl-(3-nitro)benzamidomethyl-resin in 25% yield. The protected tridecapeptide-oxymethylphenylacetic acid derivative was reattached to aminomethyl-resin to give Boc-(protected)peptidyl-2-[4 oxymethyl)phenyl]acetamidomethyl-resin in 45% yield and to 2-bromopropionyl-resin generating the multidetachable Boc-(protected)peptidyl-2-[(4 oxymethyl)phenylacetoxy] propionyl-resin in 80% yield. The reactivity of these reattached peptides was demonstrated by the quantitative coupling of Boc-leucine to the protected peptide-resin. The advantages and disadvantages of the different resins with respect to solid phase fragment synthesis are discussed. PMID- 6618765 TI - Ring conformation of cyclic octapeptide cyclo (L-Pro-Sar)4 in the crystalline state. AB - A single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis has been made of the structure of the cyclic octapeptide cyclo(L-Pro-Sar)4. The material [C32H48O8N8 X (21/4) H2O X (1/2) CH3OH, Mr = 799.43] crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2 with cell dimensions a = 14.544 (3), b = 11.902 (2), c = 14.064 (3), and beta = 122.26 (2) degrees (lambda = 1.54178 A, T = 293 K). The final R value for the 1980 observed reflections is 0.079. The ring conformation has the peptide bond sequences of cis cis-trans-trans-cis-cis-trans-trans (Pro-Sar-Pro peptide bond linkages are cis cis- or trans-trans). The pyrrolidine rings in the four proline residues take an envelope form in which the gamma-carbon atom deviates from the plane of the remaining four atoms in the ring. PMID- 6618767 TI - Synthesis of some 3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carbonylamino acid and dipeptide derivatives. AB - Synthesis of a series of 3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carbonylamino acid methyl esters (II-XI) and some of their corresponding hydrazides (XII-XXI), dipeptide methyl esters (XXII-XXXV) and dipeptide hydrazides (XXXVI-XXXIX) is described. 3 Hydroxynaphthalene-2-CO-L-Tyr-N2H3 (XX) and the corresponding L-Val-L-Ala-N2H3 (XXXVI) were found to be active against a number of micro-organisms. PMID- 6618768 TI - Reflux nephropathy complicated by acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. AB - A 7 years old male with severe bilateral vesicoureteral reflux developed acute renal failure without evidence of either infection or obstruction. The diagnosis of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis was confirmed by clinical, serological and histological evaluation. The patient's creatinine clearance decreased from 25 ml/min/1.73 m2 to 10-13 ml/min/1.73 m2 following the acute nephritic episode and chronic dialysis therapy was required thereafter. This patient illustrates that a glomerular etiology should be suspected when acute renal failure occurs in a patient with reflux nephropathy and suggests that the prognosis of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis may be worse in children with pre-existing renal disease. PMID- 6618766 TI - Spectroscopic study on the structure and stability of beef liver arginase. AB - The secondary and tertiary structure of the oligomeric arginase (EC 3.5.3.1) from beef liver was investigated by circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence measurements. The far-ultraviolet CD spectrum of the enzyme at neutral pH is indicative of high helical content. The intrinsic fluorescence emission of the protein is due to tryptophan, the contribution of tyrosine being small. Upon excitation at 295 nm, the maximum of emission occurs at 330 nm, implying that the tryptophan residues are rather buried in a hydrophobic interior of the protein. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), which inactivates the enzyme by removing the functional Mn2+-ion from the enzyme, does not dissociate the enzyme into subunits, nor affect noticeably its secondary and tertiary structure. Inactivation occurs in the acid pH range, being complete at pH below 4. However, acidification up to pH 1.5 produced only limited changes in the far-ultra-violet CD spectrum and intrinsic fluorescence emission properties. The enzyme shows noteworthy thermal stability, as shown by measuring the residual activity after heating and by evaluating the temperature dependence of the CD signal at 220 nm and the intensity of emission fluorescence. A temperature of half inactivation (Tm) of 77 degrees was determined upon heating the enzyme at pH 7.5 in the presence of Mn2+-ions for 10 min; in the presence of EDTA, Tm is shifted to 55 degrees. Taken together, these observations indicate that the structural stability of beef liver arginase arises from a clustering of hydrophobic amino acids and from Mn2+-ion binding. PMID- 6618769 TI - A case of hemolytic uremic syndrome with high concentration of circulating immune complex in the initial stage. AB - A case of a 13-year-old boy with hemolytic uremic syndrome is reported, in whom an increased concentration of circulating immune complex and depressed concentration of C3 were found in the initial stage of the disease. Renal biopsy performed at the 52nd day of his illness disclosed subepithelial dense deposits in glomerular tuft, in addition to thrombosis and thickening of intralobular arteries, by electron microscopic study. The observations suggest that an immune mechanism may be operative in some cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome. PMID- 6618770 TI - Candida peritonitis-inefficacy of amphotericin-B and 5-fluorocytosine treatment. AB - A 3 1/2 year old child with chronic renal failure twice developed severe candida peritonitis in the course of treatment with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Medical treatment was unsuccessful but removal of the catheter led to immediate cure. This case documents a long held clinical impression that the best, if not the only way of treatment of candida peritonitis is removal of the indwelling catheter. Thus, potentially hazardous, painful and costly medical treatment can and should be avoided. PMID- 6618771 TI - Hypernatremia in the very low birthweight infant. AB - The incidence and cause of hypernatremia in twenty-five very low birthweight infants were determined by a retrospective analysis of their clinical course during the first 72 hours of life. Ten (40%) developed a serum sodium greater than or equal to 150 mEq/l. This was associated with a greater weight loss than found in normal infants (5.3 +/- 2.6%/day vs 1.7 +/- 2.3%/day, p less than .05) and with more time spent under radiant energy, but not with the amount of water, or sodium received. The severity of hypernatremia correlated with birthweight (r = -.47, p less than .05) and with postnatal weight loss but not with sodium intake. The excess weight loss in the hypernatremic group, when added to their average measured fluid intake suggests an estimated optimal fluid requirement of 150 ml/kg/day in the environment described. The hypothesized mechanism for hypernatremia is dehydration, possibly through insensible water loss. PMID- 6618772 TI - Adolescent cystinosis, presenting with proteinuria. AB - Isolated proteinuria preceding tubular dysfunction for years was the presenting laboratory sign in a patient with adolescent cystinosis, followed up to end-stage renal failure in the second decade of life. The renal biopsy showed the early characteristic features, multinucleated giant podocytes. The diagnosis was documented by slit lamp examination of the eyes and cystine determination in fibroblasts. PMID- 6618773 TI - Adverse effect of indomethacin in experimental chronic nephrosis. AB - The effects of long-term indomethacin therapy were studied in rats with chronic nephrosis induced by puromycin of aminonucleoside (PAN). Fifteen PAN rats received indomethacin (2 mg/kg/d) administered by daily gavages, and fifteen received glucose. A control group received indomethacin but no PAN. Three to five animals per group were sacrificed monthly. Proteinuria was similar in both PAN rat groups. Renal function and histology were normal in the control rats. In the PAN animals, renal failure developed earlier in the treated rats than in the others. Histological examination revealed in all PAN rats early tubulo interstitial lesions and progressive glomerular damage. The pattern of the lesions was identical in both PAN rats, but the glomerular changes developed earlier, were more diffuse and more severe in the indomethacin treated rats. Thus, indomethacin resulted in an accelerated destruction of the glomeruli in experimental nephrosis. Such a deleterious effect remains unexplained, and its relevance to human disease is not demonstrated. PMID- 6618775 TI - Primitive object relations and mechanisms. AB - In the first part of this paper I have concentrated on Melanie Klein's description of early infantile positive and negative object relations, which, in her view, start from birth onwards. I have also described the defences which arise in early infancy, which Melanie Klein stressed particularly in her papers in 1935 and 1946. I have discussed in greater detail those processes which Melanie Klein and others, including myself, have described under the term projective identification. PMID- 6618774 TI - Growth in children treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - Adequate growth continues to be a major problem in the treatment of renal failure in children and adolescents. During this study data were obtained which indicate that patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) can grow at a normal or even accelerated rate if renal osteodystrophy and acidosis is controlled, caloric intake exceeds 100% RDA, and protein intake exceeds 2 gm/Kg. Since young infants can be treated with CAPD it provides the potential to produce adequate growth to children born with renal lesions leading to early onset renal insufficiency. PMID- 6618776 TI - Some clinical implications of Melanie Klein's work. Emergence from narcissism. PMID- 6618777 TI - Words and working through. AB - The paper discusses communication--its modes and its changes--between analyst and patient, and, more particularly, within the patient himself in the course of a psychoanalysis. Clinical material from two cases illustrates how patients may need to communicate to the analyst both in words and also--in order to bring their less developed self--by more primitive modes, which can be understood and conceptualized by Melanie Klein's notion of projective identification. As the patient feels understood by the analyst's words (the mutative interpretations) he may slowly become more aware of his primitive modes of relating, until, ultimately, his method of communication changes and he is himself able to express his understanding of himself in his own words. This brings structural change and a resumption of ego development, and is a mutative moment. In brief: mutative interpretations are not by themselves the agency of change. They put the patient in a position to change. He himself must do the active, mutative working through in his own words. PMID- 6618778 TI - On understanding and not understanding: some technical issues. AB - This paper discusses some technical problems arising from the diverse ways our patients have of making themselves understood or not understood. It aims to show how patients who have reached the depressive position are able to use understanding in a way that is very different from those in the paranoid-schizoid position. It describes particular methods that the latter patients have of avoiding understanding by splitting and projection and attempting unconsciously to draw the analyst into a type of acting out in the transference. It stresses the importance for the analyst, of listening to the patient in terms of the position from which he is operating, so that contact can be achieved and with it real understanding, as opposed to subtle acting out and pseudo-understanding. PMID- 6618779 TI - Some observations on hallucination: clinical application of some developments of Melanie Klein's work. AB - The analysis of a psychotic patient is used to illustrate the importance of certain developments of Melanie Klein's work. The case presentation focuses upon the formal qualities of the patient's communications, many of which were amalgamations of profoundly incompatible elements, particularly a subtle destructiveness which parasitized seemingly impartial reports about her state of mind. These communications embodied important object relationships. The patient used her communications to conjure up psychic disintegration. As a result of her involvement in 'chuntering' her preoccupations would become increasingly violent, cruel and sexualized. The patient's equivocal communications generate confusion. This is central to the patient's experience of self-destruction as persecution. A number of ideas are advanced concerning the origins of the patient's hallucinations. These include her relish at the introduction of sensory distortions. Questions are raised about the nature of certain types of hallucination, the origins and intractability of concrete thinking, about verbalization and about the typology of psychotic patients. PMID- 6618780 TI - We--versus I and you. PMID- 6618781 TI - On structure formation and the processes of alteration. AB - What have traditionally been called the mechanisms of defence are processes which also have the function of contributing to the development of psychic structure. Some of these processes of ego alteration are re-examined with regard to their origin and manner of functioning. Primal repression is inextricably tied up with the development of the secondary processes, while the processes of introjection and identification contribute to the building up of the structure of the ego ideal-superego complex and the ego respectively. Projection and reaction formation function as defences through the hypercathexis of existing ego processes or structures as probably does disavowal as well. Undoing is better regarded not as a defence mechanism or process of alteration but as the manifestation of an ego split following the failure of reaction formation. The concept of hypercathexis involves problems in the nature of psychic energy, a concept which in some form or other is probably indispensable to psychoanalytic theory. PMID- 6618782 TI - Strachey's influence. PMID- 6618783 TI - Cultured beating myocytes from neonatal rat heart as a model for the study of muscarinic cholinergic receptors. AB - Neonatal rat heart myocytes were isolated by digestion of the heart tissue with trypsin. After separation the cells were transferred to plastic cluster dishes where they formed a monolayer culture. After 72 hours in culture the myocytes showed a synchronous contraction and renovation of their membrane structures. Studies of muscarinic cholinergic receptors were carried out using (3H) Quinuclidinyl benzilate directly on cells attached to the bottom of the dish. The presence of a specific muscarinic receptor on cultured beating myocytes was confirmed. PMID- 6618784 TI - Toxic effects of some antibiotics on rabbit kidney cells. AB - The cellular toxicity of some antibiotics (cephaloridine, cefazolin, cefoperazone and gentamicin) was studied in vitro using rabbit kidney cell cultures. In order to evaluate the importance of the different factors causing toxic effects, the authors studied the correlations between toxicity and antibiotic concentration and between toxicity and period of contact. The toxic effects were measured by LDH release and by neutral red uptake inhibition. In both tests, gentamicin clearly showed curvilinear dose-toxicity and time-toxicity correlation but the cephalosporins did not do so in either test. However the antibiotics tested all showed various degrees of toxicity, suggesting that their specific toxic activity on renal cells was greater than that of aspecific variables linked to pharmacokinetic behaviour. PMID- 6618785 TI - Distribution of inhaled mercury (203Hg) in various organs. AB - Mercury and its derivatives have long been known to be toxic for the brain and other organs in both animals and man. The distribution of inhaled radioactive mercury (203Hg) in body tissues of rats and mice was investigated by means of a micro-autoradiographic technique. Animals were exposed to 203Hg vapours 6 h daily for 10 days, and then sacrificed at different times after the last exposure. Whole-body autoradiograms showed significant uptake of labelled mercury by the kidney, brain, myocardium, intestine and liver, in decreasing order. Micro autoradiography demonstrated selective localization of 203Hg in the cytoplasm and processes of neurons, whereas little radioactivity was found in the glial cells of the gray and white matter. High levels of 203Hg were detected in nuclei of the cerebellum, midbrain, pons and medulla, in the Purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex, and in the epithelium of the ependyma and choroid plexus. In the lung, radioactivity appeared to be confined to the erythrocytes of small blood vessels, which may be the carriers of this metal to the brain. In the liver, ingested but not inhaled radioactivity was concentrated in the reticulo-endothelium. In the kidney, proximal and distal convoluted tubules, but not the medulla or the glomeruli, took up large amounts of inhaled 203Hg. Mercury is distributed to many organs in addition to the brain. It may be transported by circulating red blood cells and it concentrates in the cytoplasm of parenchymal cells. PMID- 6618786 TI - Evaluation of liver regeneration after exeresis by determination of plasma carnitine levels in rats. AB - The relationship between plasma carnitine levels and liver regeneration was studied in 28 female rats subjected to lobectomy using the technique of Higgins and Anderson. The results show that the determination of plasma carnitine can be considered as a liver regeneration index. PMID- 6618787 TI - Basic data supporting the use of the l-lysine salt of bendazac in cataract. AB - Bendazac, as such or in the form of its l-lysine salt, has a protective effect against lens protein denaturation both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro this effect has been documented on the lens proteins of rats, rabbits and pigs by using nephelometry, electrophoresis and electron microscopy. In vivo the protective effect has been observed after treatments ranging in duration from 3 to 14 days depending on the dosage used; the minimal effective dose produced a serum level of 35 micrograms/ml of bendazac. The penetration of the drug into the lens has been shown by both radioassay and HPLC; the lens concentration of bendazac increases with the duration of treatment. The mechanism of the protective action of bendazac against lens protein denaturation is discussed together with the implications of such protective action in the treatment of cataract. PMID- 6618788 TI - The effect of prolonged phenytoin administration on non-collagenous components of gingival tissue. AB - The hyperplastic gingivae of 11 epileptic patients on prolonged phenytoin therapy and those of control patients were excised during routine periodontal surgery. The tissues were homogenized and the hexosamine, uronic acid and total protein contents were determined. It was found that the gingivae of patients on prolonged phenytoin therapy had significantly raised hexosamine, uronic acid and total protein levels as compared with the controls. However, the relative concentration of the three parameters was similar in both groups. It is suggested that the enlargement of gingival tissue observed in patients who "respond" to prolonged phenytoin treatment may be the result not only of collagen over-production but also of the elevated levels of GAG. PMID- 6618789 TI - The effects of 2-(alpha-Tenoyl) thiopropionylglycine (TTPG) on human lung mucus. AB - 2-(alpha-Tenoyl)-thiopropionylglycine (TTPG) was tested for its mucolytic activity on mucus specimens from human lungs. Our data demonstrate that a significant amount of mucus is solubilized in the presence of TTPG; this aspect is more evident when rat liver microsomes are incubated together with lung mucus and TTPG. Furthermore our data demonstrate the presence of thioesterase activity associated with liver, lung, kidney and brain microsomes capable of hydrolysing TTPG and thus liberating free thiol groups. Further studies are in progress to characterize the microsomal thioester activity as well as its probable role in regulating the viscosity of mucus. PMID- 6618790 TI - Refractive corneal surgery: the correction of aphakia, hyperopia, and myopia. PMID- 6618791 TI - Indications, techniques, and complications of radial keratotomy. PMID- 6618792 TI - Results of hypermetropic keratomileusis, 1980-1981. AB - The series of cases discussed in this chapter consisted of 135 consecutive cases performed in 120 patients over a two-year period. The first group consisted of 10 cases of hypermetropia with a mean spherical equivalent of +7.75 diopters, a mean uncorrected acuity of 0.14 (20/150) and a mean best corrected acuity of 0.42 (20/50). The mean postoperative spherical equivalent was +1.00, the uncorrected acuity was 0.41 (20/50), and the best corrected acuity was 0.63 (20/30). A second group of 14 cases of monocular aphakia had mean preoperative spherical equivalents of +14.25 and best corrected acuity of 0.62 (20/30). Postoperatively the uncorrected acuity was approximately 0.19 (20/100-), the mean spherical equivalent was +2.85, and the best corrected acuity improved to 0.64 (20/30). The third and largest group consisted of 111 eyes that underwent simultaneous cataract extraction and hypermetropic keratomileusis. Since many of these patients had cataracts, the mean preoperative acuities and refractive errors cannot be adequately analyzed. In the 1980 group, which consisted of 67 cases, postoperatively the average acuity without correction was 0.21 (20/100+) with spherical equivalents of approximately +2.70 diopters. The acuity with the best correction was approximately 0.60 (20/30). In the second group of 40 cases, operated on in 1981, that underwent simultaneous cataract extraction and hypermetropic keratomileusis with a follow-up time half that of the 1980 group, the results were approximately the same. PMID- 6618793 TI - Indications, techniques, and complications of myopic keratomileusis. PMID- 6618794 TI - Involvement of the pineal gland in rats with experimental autoimmune uveitis. AB - Pineal glands of rats with experimentally induced autoimmune uveitis (EAU) were studied histologically. Inflammatory changes, characterized by mononuclear infiltration, were found in the pineal glands of one-third of the Lewis rats that developed EAU by active immunization with S-antigen. No changes in the pineal gland were observed in AVN rats which are "low responders" for EAU and did not develop ocular disease. Frequency and severity of both pineal gland and ocular involvement clearly were elevated by intravenous injection of Bordetella pertussis along with the S-antigen immunization; all B. pertussis-treated rats of both Lewis and AVN strains developed pineal and ocular changes. Inflammatory changes of the pineal gland also were found in rats in which EAU was induced passively by transfer of lymphocytes from S-antigen-immunized donors. The frequency of involvement of the pineal gland was found to be lower than that of the retinas in rats where EAU was induced by active immunization or by adoptive transfer of lymphocytes. PMID- 6618795 TI - In vitro interaction of eosinophils from ascarid-infected eyes with Ascaris suum and Toxocara canis larvae. AB - The role of eosinophils in ocular ascarid infection is studied in an animal model. Primary intravitreal infection of guinea-pig eyes with ascarid (Toxocara canis, Ascaris suum) second-stage (L2) larvae resulted in an anterior chamber exudate containing 98% or more eosinophils. Anterior chamber aspirates were cultured in RPMI media 1640 with T. canis or A. suum L2 larvae at 37 degrees C for 1-96 hours. The in vitro interaction of eosinophils with L2 larvae was studied by light, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Eosinophil interaction with L2 larvae in vitro was dependent upon soluble factors present in the anterior chamber aspirates from the infected eyes. Eosinophils adhered firmly to the surface of the L2 larvae, to a larval sheath, or to attached eosinophils. Eosinophils interacting with larvae displayed a range of granular matrix changes, core duplication, and reversal of the relative electron densities of the core and matrix, suggestive of eosinophil activation. An eosinophil secretory granule was seen to empty its contents onto a T. canis L2 larval surface. Electron-dense material was observed in the interphase between eosinophils and the larval cuticle or sheath. Large lipid droplets within muscle cells and ballooned-out epidermal cells were seen within larvae immediately beneath adherent eosinophils. Parasites were able to partially evade interaction with eosinophils in culture by shedding their sheaths. A similar phenomenon in vivo may allow the parasite to migrate from a site of inflammation. It is possible that a discarded sheath or membrane serves as an antigenic stimulus for a local intraocular granulomatous reaction free of parasite. PMID- 6618796 TI - The relation between eyelid tension, corneal toricity, and age. AB - It has been demonstrated that corneal toricity can be altered by lifting the lids from the surface of the eye. Thus, corneal curvature is modified by the position or tension of the lids. Does it follow that differences in lid tension between individuals are related to variations in corneal toricity? A lid tensiometer was designed that measured the force exerted by a lid as it was pulled away from its resting place on the eye. When this force was plotted as a function of the displacement of the lid, an elastic coefficient of the lid was obtained. This elastic coefficient was used to denote lid tension. In a sample of 195 eyes, the elastic coefficient of the lid had a mean of 3.22 g/mm (SD +/- 1.12), with a range from 1.16 to 6.78 g/mm. The results showed no correlation between the elastic coefficient and corneal toricity. Both the elastic coefficient and with the-rule corneal toricity showed a statistically significant decrease with age. However, there was no significant relation between the elastic coefficient and corneal toricity when the effect of age was ruled out. From this experiment, and a reading of the literature, we conclude that there is no experimental evidence to show that lid tension determines corneal toricity. PMID- 6618797 TI - Pharmacokinetic interpretation of vitreous fluorophotometry. AB - Vitreous fluorophotometry is producing an increasing amount of clinical and experimental data. In order to interpret these data and obtain quantitative values for the permeability of the blood ocular barriers, there is a need to understand better the basic phenomena governing the transport of fluorescein. We present here a refined mathematical model that we use to interpret a large body of clinical data yielding values for the inward (6.9 x 10(-6) cm/min) and outward (210 x 10(-6) cm/min) posterior permeability coefficients, the effective diffusion coefficient in the vitreous (8 x 10(-4) cm2/min), and the plasma fluorescein decay constants (1.17, 0.34, and 0.044 per hour). Moreover, we utilize the model to make predictions related to kinetic vitreous fluorophotometry and to the reliability of the procedure to calculate the permeability coefficients. PMID- 6618798 TI - Visual-evoked responses from strabismic cats. A comparison of esotropes with exotropes. AB - We examined cortical responses evoked by 8-Hz, phase-shifted sine wave gratings at a range of contrasts and spatial frequencies in normal cats and in cats raised with artificial esotropia or exotropia. There were no significant differences between the amplitudes of the responses evoked through the two eyes of the normal cats, but for some esotropes and exotropes the responses evoked through the unoperated eye were larger than those evoked through the operated eye. Interocular response differences were comparable in all affected cats and were most pronounced at high contrasts. These results indicate that rearing with artificial strabismus can produce amblyopia in both esotropes and exotropes, and that the amblyopia is similar in the two cases. PMID- 6618800 TI - Corneal thickness profiles in rabbits using an ultrasonic pachometer. AB - An ultrasonic pachometer was used to measure the central, mid-peripheral, and peripheral thickness in 17 locations across the corneas of 12 adult New Zealand Albino rabbit eyes. The mean thickness at each location was entered into a microcomputer to generate a three-dimensional plot of corneal thickness. The rabbit cornea was found to have uniform thickness, with an average thickness variation of only 7 micrometers across the cornea. The average central corneal thickness was 407 +/- 20 micrometers. The three-dimensional representation of corneal thickness was useful in monitoring the surgical effects of cataract extraction and postoperative healing in rabbits. The ultrasonic pachometer was found to be well suited to animal studies. This study indicated that the velocity of sound in rabbit corneal tissue was approximately 1,580 m/sec. PMID- 6618799 TI - Visual-evoked potentials elicited by laser speckle patterns. Studies on the characteristics and assessment of visual function in patients with ocular media opacities. AB - Visual-evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded using a laser speckle pattern. Stimulation with a speckle pattern was elicited either by pattern appearance disappearance or by pattern shift. The VEPs obtained by this method were similar in properties to the previous pattern VEPs that were obtained either by pattern appearance-disappearance or by pattern reversal. Patients in whom dense and diffuse ocular media opacity defied measurement by the interferometric visual acuity method were studied to test if the speckle pattern generated by diffusion from lens opacity itself could act as a stimulus for obtaining VEPs. It is concluded that the present method enables one to obtain a reliable VEP and to assess the visual function of the retino-cortical system, even in patients with mature cataracts. PMID- 6618801 TI - Conjunctival immunity: compared effects of ocular or intestinal immunization in rats. AB - The ability to induce a conjunctival antitoxin response by conjunctival or enteric administration of cholera toxin antigen was studied in rats. Repeated enteric immunization caused a vigorous jejunal antitoxin response, but none in the conjunctiva. Enteric immunization did, however, prime for a conjunctival antitoxin response to locally applied antigen, as did direct ocular administration of cholera toxin. Vigorous conjunctival antitoxin responses occurred only after ocular challenge, and were localized to the challenged eye. These results agree with the notions that (1) specific memory cells migrate to the conjunctiva after enteric immunization, or arise locally after ocular immunization; and (2) specific antibody-producing plasma cells arise almost entirely within the immunized conjunctiva, and few if any migrate to the conjunctiva from distant mucosae or from the conjunctiva of the immunized eye to that of the nonimmunized eye. PMID- 6618803 TI - Episcleral venous pressure: a comparison of invasive and noninvasive measurements. AB - Noninvasive (pressure chamber) measurements of episcleral venous pressure were followed by invasive (direct cannulation) measurements at the same venous site in seven eyes of four anesthetized rhesus monkeys. There were three definite effects on the vein caused by the pressure chamber that could be used as endpoints: (1) slight indentation; (2) intermittent collapse; and (3) sustained collapse of the vein lumen. The mean pressure in the chamber corresponding to these endpoints was 9.9 +/- 0.9, 23.5 +/- 2.9, and 31.4 +/- 4.0 mmHg (+/- SE), respectively. After the chamber was removed, the pressure in the veins determined by cannulation measurements at the same sites was 11.3 +/- 0.5 mmHg (+/- SE). Therefore, the first endpoint with the pressure chamber (slight indentation) correlates most closely and slightly underestimates the cannulated pressure. Endpoints defined by partial or complete venous collapse overestimates the venous pressure. Simultaneous measurements with the chamber and a cannula show a rise of local venous pressure caused by the chamber. PMID- 6618802 TI - Altered cortisol metabolism in cells cultured from trabecular meshwork specimens obtained from patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. AB - Cells cultured from trabecular meshwork specimens obtained from patients with primary open angle glaucoma (TMPOAG cells) exhibited two major differences in cortisol-metabolizing enzymes when compared with similar cells from nonglaucomatous patients. One is a marked increase (greater than 100-fold) in delta 4-reductase activity and the other is a decrease (4-fold) in 3 oxidoreductase activity. Peripheral lymphocytes from one of these patients as well as from five additional patients with POAG, did not show these abnormalities, indicating that the defects are not found in all cortisol metabolizing cells. The abnormal metabolism of cortisol by TMPOAG cells may be of significance in the pathogenesis of POAG. PMID- 6618804 TI - The influence of calcium on protein synthesis in the rabbit lens. AB - Biosynthesis of lens proteins, as assessed by the incorporation of 14C-histidine, was investigated in young rabbit lenses cultured under conditions designed to specifically elevate lens calcium. While such lenses rarely were obtained without small degrees of Na/K imbalances, experiments with ouabain-treated lenses over comparable times indicated that changes solely in Na/K levels did not alter synthesis of lens crystallins. On the other hand, with far smaller changes in Na/K levels, excess calcium accumulation obtained by exposing lenses to A23187 or high levels of medium calcium invariably led to diminished synthesis of lens proteins. An increase in lens calcium from 0.2 mM to 0.6 mM led to a small but statistically insignificant decline in protein synthesis, while an increase to 1.4 mM or 1.9 mM resulted in a decline to values 50% and 11%, respectively, of the control. The results indicate that calcium may be important in influencing protein synthesis in the lens. PMID- 6618805 TI - Multiple optic fiber patterns in the catfish retina. AB - The retinas of certain catfish contain multiple optic discs. This report describes the patterns of optic nerve fibers and optic discs as seen in silver stained flat mounts, in 11 different families of catfish. As many as 50 optic discs may exist in a single retina, in paired and unpaired combinations, and in slit and ring-like arrays. PMID- 6618806 TI - Evidence for rod outer segment lipid peroxidation following constant illumination of the rat retina. AB - Constant illumination for three days (100-125 foot-candles) caused degeneration of photoreceptor cells in the albino rat retina and was accompanied by a reduction in the levels of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 omega 3), the major polyunsaturated fatty acid in rod outer segments (ROS). An increase in the level of lipid conjugated dienes, a measure of lipid hydroperoxides, also was observed in ROS after 24-72 hours of constant illumination. These data support the suggestion that peroxidation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in ROS may be a factor in light-induced retinal degeneration. PMID- 6618807 TI - Double representation of lower visual quadrant in prelunate gyrus of rhesus monkey. AB - The authors have mapped visuotopic organization of prelunate gyrus and adjacent buried cortex in the rhesus monkey. They found two orderly representations of the lower, contralateral visual quadrant in this cortex. PMID- 6618808 TI - "Fool's gold, the alchemist's pot, psychophysics and glaucoma". PMID- 6618809 TI - The X, Y, Z hypothesis of corneal epithelial maintenance. PMID- 6618810 TI - Abdominal and pelvic masses in a 50-year-old man with regional enteritis. PMID- 6618811 TI - Radiologic evaluation of tuberculous meningitis. AB - Five cases of primary tuberculous meningitis are presented. In three cases of acute meningeal process, the classic computed tomographic (CT) scan findings of basal meningeal enhancement, hydrocephalus and arteritis on angiography were found. These radiologic findings suggested the diagnosis, and antituberculosis treatment was therefore instituted at an early stage of the disease. In the remaining two cases with late complication of tuberculous meningitis, hydrocephalus and basal vessel arteritis were present. The importance of correlation of the clinical and radiographic findings is discussed. PMID- 6618812 TI - Indications for aortography. Radiography after blunt chest trauma: a reassessment of the radiographic findings associated with traumatic rupture of the aorta. AB - Indications for aortography in truncal trauma patients have expanded as reports of radiographic findings associated with traumatic rupture of the aorta (TRA) have proliferated. By studying to what extent these findings also occurred in trauma patients without TRA, we determined the utility of these findings in selecting patients for aortography. The detection of nine radiographic findings associated with TRA was tabulated in 173 patients undergoing arch aortography to rule out TRA from 1975 to 1980. Twenty-five of these had TRA. All patients with TRA under age 65 had a widened mediastinum (WM); this was the only finding that taken alone correlated significantly with TRA (P = 0.001). Only two of six patients with TRA over 65 had a WM. Other findings such as hemothorax, fracture of ribs 1 or 2, pulmonary contusion, or multiple rib fracture were more likely to be found in patients without TRA. Formal radiographic interpretation by staff radiologists detected more radiographic abnormalities than physicians caring for the patient emergencly, who had access to a junior radiology resident. However, these physicians were as successful as staff radiologists in detecting WM when it was associated with TRA. A widened mediastinum is the best single criterion for aortography in young trauma patients; all elderly persons with severe truncal trauma should probably have aortography even in the absence of mediastinal widening. Radiologic consultation is important for complete detection of thoracic pathology in trauma patients, but in this study late interpretation of more subtle findings did not detect additional patients with TRA. PMID- 6618813 TI - Microwave sensing of increased intracranial water content. AB - A new technique to monitor brain edema is described that uses microwave energy to detect increased intracranial water content. By recording the phase of a transmitted microwave signal, increases in intracranial water content on the order of 1% are detected in vivo. These findings suggest that the progression of brain edema on a long-term basis can be assessed by progression of brain edema on a long-term basis can be assessed by our technique. Furthermore, phase changes related to small intracranial pressure variations are observed, indicating that the detection of pathologic pressure variations such as Traube-Hering-Mayer waves and plateau waves is possible by a noninvasive microwave technique. PMID- 6618814 TI - Computed tomography of the normal patellofemoral joint. AB - Radiographic assessment of the patellofemoral joint (PFJ) is problematic because conventional views are cumbersome, difficult to standardize, and not reliable for displaying this joint with flexion of the knee less than about 30 degrees. We used computed tomography (CT) to obtain conveniently a direct transaxial view of the PFJ in ten normal human volunteers at different 0 degree, 20 degrees, and 45 degrees of knee flexion and during both contraction and relaxation of the quadriceps muscle. From the CT images we measured femoral trochlear angle, patellar centralization, femoral trochlear depth, and patella tilt angle. In full extension, with the quadriceps muscle relaxed, 19 of 20 knees showed the patella well centered in the femoral trochlear groove. The tilt and centralization of the patella were largely unchanged at 20 and 45 degrees of knee flexion with quadriceps contraction. CT appears to be an optimal method of studying the PFJ. The normal relationships described in this report can be the basis for evaluating patients with known or suspicious history of recurrent subluxation or dislocation of the patella. PMID- 6618815 TI - Reactive hyperemia vs. pharmacologic hyperemia in the canine iliac circulation. A comparison. AB - Different methods of selective vasodilation have been described. One method is reactive hyperemia, which occurs when an arterial occlusion is released, and another method involves injection of vasodilator drugs. Since both arteriography and pressure measurements are often performed during hyperemia, it is important to know whether these two methods differ in the degree or duration of hyperemia achieved. We measured reactive hyperemia in the hind limb of five anesthetized mongrel dogs after arterial occlusion times between 20 seconds' and 20 minutes' duration and after selective intra-arterial injection of 5, 10, and 20 cc of Renografin-76. Only 5 cc of Renografin-76 created greater and longer lasting hyperemia than the maximum reactive hyperemia achieved after 10 minutes of arterial occlusion. For this reason, contrast material-induced hyperemia appears to be preferable to reactive hyperemia as an aid to peripheral arteriography and as an aid to the evaluation of aortoiliac stenoses. PMID- 6618816 TI - An investigation into the venous drainage of the diaphragm of the sheep. AB - The venous drainage of the diaphragm of the sheep is described from dissection, the injected specimen and percutaneous catheterization. The feasibility of chronic sampling from the phrenic vein is discussed as is the relevance of this to studies of respiratory physiology and diaphragmatic fatigue. PMID- 6618817 TI - Biodistribution of a new lipid-soluble CT contrast agent. Evaluation of cholesteryl iopanoate in the rabbit. AB - Cholesteryl iopanoate, the prototype for a new class of lipid-soluble, site specific contrast agents, has undergone preliminary evaluation for organic specific uptake. This report describes the tissue distribution profile of this radioiodinated sterol ester in the rabbit as a function of time following intravenous injection of tracer doses. Selective accumulation of this agent in the liver and adrenal was observed relative to blood and other tissues. Maximum contrast concentration was achieved between 24 and 48 hours postinjection. Analysis of lipid extra of liver, adrenal, and plasma indicated that the compound was relatively resistant to hydrolysis and dehalogenation. The hepatic selectivity and retention of cholesteryl iopanoate support further study of this or related agents for site-specific, contrast-enhanced computed tomography. PMID- 6618818 TI - Effects of nonionic contrast media (CM) on the components of coagulation and complement systems. AB - Several nonionic experimental contrast media (CM) were evaluated for their effects on coagulation cascade, platelet aggregation, and the activation of complement pathways. In an in vitro system, most of the contrast media tested showed a mild anticoagulant property by prolonging the clotting times, such as partial thromboplastin time and the thrombin time of pooled normal human plasma. However, aggregation of normal human platelets by adenosine-diphosphate (ADP), collagen, epinephrine, ristocetin, and thrombin was not blocked when the platelet rich plasma was incubated with these agents. No quantitative or qualitative changes in the complement components C3 or C4 were detected when a mixture of CM and pooled normal human serum was analyzed by radial immunodiffusion, immuno- or crossed-immunoelectrophoresis techniques. These results indicate that nonionic contrast media produce certain transient hematologic changes and should be further tested for their immunologic properties in order to establish their absolute safety in diagnostic procedures. PMID- 6618819 TI - Biliary and urinary excretion of tyropanoic acid and its Metabolites in the dog. AB - The biliary and urinary excretion of tyropanoate-derived material was studied in the anesthetized dog with various plasma levels of tyropanoate. Bile, plasma, urine, and hepatic tissue were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography for the presence of tyropanoate, enantiomers of tyropanoate glucuronide, and other typropanoate metabolites. Approximately 90% of the material secreted in the bile was in the form of tyropanoate glucuronide, equally distributed between (+)- and(-)-tyropanoate glucuronide, and approximately 10% was excreted as other tyropanoate-derived metabolites. It is suggested that the choleretic effect associated with the excretion of tyropanoate is associated with the nonglucuronide metabolites. Tyropanoate itself was not secreted into bile. In plasma, approximately 40% of the material was tyropanoate, while approximately 50% existed as tyropanoate glucuronide and 10% as other tyropanoate metabolites. The plasma concentration of (-)-tyropanoate glucuronide was significantly greater than that of (+)-tyropanoate glucuronide. The urinary excretion of tyropanoate derived material accounted for up to 35% of the total excretion. The primary metabolite in urine was tyropanoate glucuronide. Tyropanoate accounted for less than 5% of the material in urine, whereas other tyropanoate metabolites contributed approximately 20%. The data suggest that there is a stereoselective disposition of tyropanoate metabolites that may influence the overall disposition of the compound. PMID- 6618820 TI - Comparison of observer performance reading from a video CRT vs. reading from film. AB - The developing trend for all medical images to be in digital form raises an important question: should diagnostic interpretations be made directly from a CRT or from some form of hard copy recording of the CRT? This question was studied by having two observers read a series of digital images of the thyroid including both conventional scintigrams and computer-generated tomograms. The CRT images were photographed in a carefully controlled fashion. Images were read once from film and a second time directly from the CRT. No significant difference in performance could be found for either display modality based on an ROC analysis. Although based on uncomplicated images and analysis, this result suggests that the decision to read from film or from the CRT can be made on other grounds than observer performance. This important result needs confirmation with more complex images such as ultrasound or CT. PMID- 6618821 TI - Adjacent cerebral and paranasal sinus masses. PMID- 6618822 TI - Digital intravenous ventriculography. Comparison of volumes from mask-mode and nonsubtracted images with thermodilution and sonocardiometric measurements. AB - Left ventricular volumes calculated from mask-mode (MM) images obtained by digital intravenous ventriculography (DIV) were compared with volumes determined from direct contrast images (CV), thermodilution and sonomicrometer measurements in six anesthetized dogs in which volumes were varied by isoproterenol and phenylephrine infusions. Short and long axis sonomicrometer crystals allowed continuous measurement of cardiac size and function. The MM and CV ejection fractions and volumes correlated well with each other (r greater than or equal to 0.96) through the MM volumes consistently underestimated the CV volumes by 12 +/- 3%. Analyzing each dog individually, both CV and MM volumes and ejection fractions correlated well with sonomicrometer results. In addition CV and MM estimates of stroke volume correlated well (r greater than or equal to 0.91) with the thermodilution values, although the CV values exceeded the thermodilution value by 17 +/- 4%. We conclude that MM analysis of left ventricular function correlates well with standard measures of cardiac dimensional changes and agrees with, though underestimates, the simultaneous nonsubtracted contrast ventriculographic images. PMID- 6618824 TI - Proton nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of acute experimental cerebral ischemia. AB - To determine the efficacy of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging in documenting acute ischemic infarction and to characterize the changes in these images during the first 24 hours following the ischemic insult, serial NMR imaging was performed in gerbils that had undergone unilateral carotid artery ligation. No significant changes in the signal intensity, T1 or T2 relaxation times were noted for either asymptomatic animals or the control hemisphere of symptomatic gerbils. There was a significant increase in T1 and especially T2 relaxation times and in both the relative signal intensity and Hf(v) for the ischemic hemisphere of symptomatic gerbils. These parameters appeared to increase linearly over 24 hours. The ischemic lesion first could be detected by NMR as early as 3 hours after carotid artery ligation, our earliest time point. The physiologic significance of these changes is discussed. These data suggest that NMR imaging may have significant diagnostic importance for acute cerebral ischemia and infarction in man. PMID- 6618823 TI - Tissue fluid shifts during renal arteriography with conventional and low osmolality agents. AB - The osmotic effects caused by conventional and low osmolality radiopaque agents have been studied in the isolated perfused canine kidney. Changes in vein flow, hematocrit, osmolality, and iodine content were measured at injection doses of 0.25 and 0.5 ml/kg (300 mgI/ml). Increases in osmolality and decreases in hematocrit were significantly greater with the conventional ionic monomer meglumine/sodium diatrizoate than with the low osmolality agents iohexol, iopamidol, and ioxaglate. The standard renal vein flow response for all agents was an increase (loss of renal water) followed by a decrease (gain of renal water). Diatrizoate produced the greatest increase in outflow at 0.25 ml/kg, but the differences between agents were not statistically significant. At the 0.5 ml/kg dose the differences in peak renal vein flow between agents were negligible. Renal vein iodine was highest with the dimer, ioxaglate and lowest with the diatrizoate. The nonionics iohexol and iopamidol produced essentially the same renal vein iodine levels and clearance. The new low osmolality agents have significantly less effect on osmolality and hematocrit and produce higher venous iodine levels than a conventional ionic monomer. The only difference between the low osmolality agents was the higher venous iodine seen with the dimer ioxaglate. PMID- 6618825 TI - A radiographic model for simulating rheumatoid erosions. AB - Lesions were mechanically created in bone specimens to find a radiographic model for skeletal disease. Drilling, sawing, and filing of the bones did not satisfactorily simulate skeletal pathology. Chipping of the juxta-articular cortex resulted in cortical defects that closely resemble rheumatoid erosions. The radiographs of 25 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were reviewed using optical magnification to determine the size and distribution of actual rheumatoid erosions. Using the pattern of erosions in the patient population, lesions can be distributed in varying sizes to produce a radiographic model for rheumatoid erosions. This model can be used for observer performance studies and to evaluate imaging technology. PMID- 6618826 TI - Comparison of two detail screen-film systems using a rheumatoid erosion model. AB - Two detail screen-film systems, Lanex Fine/Ortho M and Lanex Fine/Ortho G, were evaluated using a radiographic model for rheumatoid erosions. Radiographs of hand bones with cortical defects using both screen-film systems were obtained. Seven observers analyzed 48 sites on each of 22 films for the presence of these cortical defects. Using analysis of variance techniques and receiver operating characteristic curves, no significant difference was found between the two systems for the detection of these subtle cortical defects. The authors conclude that although the Lanex Fine/Ortho M system provides better definition of laboratory test objects than Lanex Fine/Ortho G, the two systems do not differ when used for detection of cortical lesions. PMID- 6618827 TI - Dynamic contrast enhancement of the upper abdomen: effect of contrast medium and body weight. AB - Contrast enhancement (CE) of the aorta, liver, and spleen was studied in dynamic body computed tomography (CT) in 71 patients. Four contrast media (CM) (diatrizoate, ioxithalamate, ioxaglate, iopamidol) were injected intravenously in equal bolus doses of 18.5 g iodine. Iopamidol produced the highest average peak and 2-minute aortic CE, significantly different from ioxithalamate (P less than 0.001), diatrizoate (P less than 0.01), and ioxaglate (P less than 0.0125) at peak levels. Two-minute CE values of the aorta were highest with iopamidol as were peak and 2 minute CE of the liver and spleen. A linear, inverse relationship between body weight and CE was present both at peak CE and after 2 minutes in all tissues. The nonionic CM appear to have best dose efficiency in the vascular phase of dynamic CT. These results are also applicable to digital angiography. Differences in the CE of parenchymal organs with different CM are so small that they are unlikely to have clinical significance. PMID- 6618828 TI - Contrast enhancement pharmacokinetics of six ionic and nonionic contrast media. AB - The contrast enhancement of six contrast media (CM) was compared in 13 tissues of the rat after rapid intravenous bolus injection. The rats were sacrificed at 0 and 40 seconds and 2, 5, and 15 minutes after contrast injection. 125I labeled diatrizoate, metrizamide, ioxaglate, iohexol, iopamidol, and a nonionic dimer, iodecol, were each injected at a dose of 612 mg iodine per kg body weight, and iodine concentration (IC) and contrast enhancement were calculated from radioactivity measurements. Higher blood IC values were obtained with the nonionic CM; similar enhancement patterns were seen in the spleen, heart, lungs, and brain. Renal IC was directly related to the number of iodine atoms per ion or molecule of CM. In consequence, renal IC was inversely related to the CM osmolality, but no such correlation was seen with the blood IC. Metrizamide produced the greatest IC in the organs of the gastrointestinal tract. There was no apparent correlation of IC with molecular structure of physicochemical parameters of the CM in any of the other tissues studied. PMID- 6618829 TI - Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies on the effect of x-ray contrast media on aortic endothelium in the rat. AB - A study comparing the effects of diatrizoate, ioxitalamate, metrizamide, ioxaglate, and a 22% sorbitol on aortic endothelia of the rat was performed. In each case 1 ml of the respective solution was injected in a single dose into the aorta. Endothelial damage was seen after injection of metrizamide, diatrizoate, and ioxitalamate. After injection of ioxaglate or sorbitol, only minor endothelial changes were observed. PMID- 6618830 TI - In vitro complement consumption by contrast materials and analogues: reactors vs. nonreactors. AB - Blood samples from previous contrast reactors and nonreactor controls were incubated with diatrizoate and several contrast analogues. Total complement levels were assayed. All the agents caused complement activation generally proportional to their concentration. Reactors' sera responded to lower concentrations of contrast or analogues than did control sera. Such studies might be of value in predicting contrast reactors. PMID- 6618831 TI - An algorithmic approach to the roentgenographic evaluation of head trauma: medical and financial implications. AB - An algorithm was devised for the evaluation of patients with acute head trauma. The effectiveness of this strategy was tested with a retrospective chart review of 608 patients seen in a community hospital emergency room. The results of the algorithmic approach were compared to the original management of the patients. A financial savings of 65% was achieved and no significant intracranial pathology was missed using this approach. PMID- 6618832 TI - Haemoglobin A1 in diabetic pregnancy: an evaluation. PMID- 6618833 TI - Interactions of histone, ribonuclease and acridine orange in enhancing film sarcoma. PMID- 6618835 TI - Osteomalacia in Ireland. PMID- 6618834 TI - Short term results of Cotrel traction in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis. PMID- 6618836 TI - Bone disease in the elderly. PMID- 6618837 TI - Osteoporosis in the elderly--an overview. PMID- 6618838 TI - Thin bone (osteoporosis) and hormones. PMID- 6618839 TI - The radiological investigation of osteopaenia. PMID- 6618840 TI - The radiological investigation of osteopenia. PMID- 6618841 TI - Magnetism in medicine. PMID- 6618842 TI - Valve replacement for aortic valve disease. PMID- 6618843 TI - Post neonatal mortality in Dublin with special considerations of sudden infant death syndrome. PMID- 6618844 TI - The pathological examination of sudden infant deaths. PMID- 6618845 TI - Experience of infective endocarditis in the years 1957 to 1981--a review of fourteen cases. PMID- 6618846 TI - Adult panhypopituitarism with normal stature following tuberculosis meningitis: a case report. PMID- 6618847 TI - Splenic abscess: ultrasound and CT appearances. PMID- 6618848 TI - Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome associated with hepatitis A virus infection. PMID- 6618849 TI - Genetics and cancer--a review. PMID- 6618850 TI - Drug treatment of Parkinson's disease. PMID- 6618852 TI - Gene expression and development. PMID- 6618851 TI - On the immunological cross-reaction between penicillins and cephalosporins. PMID- 6618853 TI - Dosage compensation in Drosophila. PMID- 6618854 TI - Localized nodular myositis and the diagnosis of the localized muscle mass. AB - Localized nodular myositis (LNM) is a rare variant of polymyositis beginning with inflammatory nodules within muscles. Only seven cases have so far been reported in the literature. We describe a probable further case of LNM in a 67-year-old man with ischemic claudication of the left leg for three years who presented with painful nodules in the left gastrocnemius muscle and signs of systemic disease; a complete follow-up was not possible, because the patient died after only two months and autopsy was not performed. Muscle biopsy showed localized areas of necrotic and inflammatory pleomorphic changes, in keeping with the features of the other known cases. The ultrastructural findings (not previously reported in this disease) were characterized by marked changes of endomysial capillaries, with fibroblastic metamorphosis of the endothelial cells, and by the presence of filamentous inclusions in the myonuclei. The differential diagnosis of LNM from other localized muscle masses, chiefly from muscle infarct, is discussed. PMID- 6618855 TI - Prognostic value of CT in head-injury coma. AB - The brain CT findings in 54 patients in coma 1-5 (Bozza-Marrubini scale) following craniocerebral trauma are analysed retrospectively. Attention is focused on those of the CT features that constitute indirect signs of brainstem involvement: obliteration of the suprasellar cisterns, distortion of the perimesencephalic and quadrigeminal cisterns, dilatation of the temporal horn and widening of the cerebellopontine angle cistern on the lesion side, considered anatomically and clinically responsible for coma. The patients fell into three groups: 7 with negative CT, 31 with intracranial lesions not affecting the brainstem and 16 with CT evidence of descending transtentorial herniation. The CT signs correlated significantly with coma level and survival. These CT signs can be used alongside the clinical and other instrumental data -- EEG, VEP and intracranial pressure -- as a further criterion of severity in head-injury coma. PMID- 6618856 TI - Withdrawal seizures in alcoholics. A transverse and longitudinal investigation. AB - 74 heavy drinkers, divided in two groups by positive or negative history for withdrawal seizures, were evaluated on the history, clinical, biochemical, CT, EEG and psychometric investigations. Some of them have been followed up for 20 months. The results suggest the possible role of a constitutional predisposition for withdrawal seizures. PMID- 6618857 TI - Westphal-Strumpell disease: a case report with a new method of urinary copper evaluation. AB - A case of Westphal-Strumpell disease diagnosed by classical serum and urinary investigations is described. The efficacy of specific treatment was monitored by the values of urinary copper excretion, determined by a new quantitative chemical method, which is described in detail. PMID- 6618858 TI - Mixed connective tissue disease (Sharp syndrome): description of two cases. AB - Clinical, neurophysiological, histopathological and immunohistochemical features of two cases of mixed connective tissue disease (Sharp syndrome) are reported. PMID- 6618860 TI - Diastematomyelia in an adult. Case report. AB - An adult with diastematomyelia underwent a full neuroradiological study (myelography with jopamidolo plus computed tomography) followed by surgery. The value of the neuroradiological study, especially to the surgeon, is emphasised. PMID- 6618859 TI - Gynecomastia in epileptics treated with phenobarbital, phenytoin and fluoresone: two case reports. AB - Gynecomastia developed in two epileptic patients some months after the addition of oral fluoresone 750 mg daily to the phenobarbital and phenytoin already being administered. The common systemic diseases that may give rise to gynecomastia were excluded. One of the patients presented hyperprolactinemia and a raised estrogen/androgen ratio but the hormone levels were not raised in the other. The onset of symptoms after fluorescence in both cases is highly suggestive, although the pathogenetic mechanism is not clear. PMID- 6618861 TI - Radioimmunoassayable myoglobinaemia and Duchenne carrier detection. AB - 1 case of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) definite carrier, 3 probable and 17 possible (all analytically positive: "possible +") carriers were classed as Group A, 23 DMD possible carriers (all analytically negative "possible") as Group B and 26 normal subjects as Controls. The three groups were subjected to serum myoglobin (MGB) radioimmunoassay. Since the differences between MGB levels of Group A vs. Controls and Group A vs. Group B were statistically significant, it is suggested that the determination of MGB should be included among the tests for DMD carrier detection. PMID- 6618862 TI - Permanent inferior binasal quadrantanopsia in pseudotumor cerebri. AB - A sixty-year old patient had inferior nasal visual field defect in both eyes associated with papilledema. After pseudotumor cerebri was diagnosed and the appropriate treatment begun, the papilledema disappeared, but the visual field defect persisted. This case suggests a revision of the classical concepts concerning the pathogenesis of binasal defects from intracranial causes and emphasizes the risk of loss of vision inherent in long-standing papilledema. PMID- 6618863 TI - Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome after subtotal gastrectomy. AB - A case of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a nonalcoholic patient after gastric surgery provides support for the theory that nutritional deficiencies play an important part in the pathogenesis of the disease. PMID- 6618864 TI - Stroke in two young siblings with congenital dysfibrinogenemia. AB - Two young siblings (a male of 21 and his sister of 26 years) suffered from arterial thrombosis episodes of the carotid and abdominal aorta documented by angiographic studies. In the absence of any known predisposing factor in the family and personal history, the laboratory investigation of both patients revealed coagulation abnormalities compatible with a dysfibrinogenemia. The occurrence of a similar defect also in plasma of one of the propositi's asymptomatic relatives is suggestive of an inherited fibrinogen disorder. PMID- 6618865 TI - Pure "aphasic" agraphia due to damage of the left superior parietal lobule. AB - A case of pure agraphia, due to an ischaemic lesion of the left superior parietal lobule, is reported. The neuropsychological analysis of writing performances suggests an aphasic nature of this patient's pure agraphia. The authors discuss the role played by diffuse and/or localized brain lesions in writing function, emphasizing that the left superior parietal lobule in man may be crucial for the sensorimotor linguistic integration needed for writing. PMID- 6618866 TI - Bilateral TIAs and unilateral seizures due to orthostatic hypotension. A case report. AB - After a reversible right hemispheric stroke, a patient with bilateral carotid occlusion developed left motor seizures and bilateral TIAs, both triggered by orthostatic hypotension. A CT-scan showed a right frontal hypodense area. Hemodynamic factors may cause focal seizures in patients with cortical lesions. PMID- 6618867 TI - Neonatology--a distressed newborn. PMID- 6618868 TI - Samoan patterns in seeking health services--Hawaii, 1979-81. PMID- 6618869 TI - The dexamethasone suppression test in depressive illnesses. PMID- 6618870 TI - Indigent care limitation in university-owned hospitals. AB - In recent years the ability of teaching hospitals to finance the expenses associated with the provision of medical care to the indigent has come increasingly into question. Such concerns develop because of the burden cost shifting places on other patients and the potentially adverse market position resulting for the hospital. The University of Nebraska's experience in care for the indigent has been an economic success. The social, political, educational and ethical aspects of policies in this area, however, have not yet permitted definitive assessment. PMID- 6618871 TI - Implementation of a medical information system: evaluation of adaptation. AB - A study was conducted to explain variability in hospital employee responses to the implementation of a medical information system. Results showed that 28 to 35 percent of the variance in adaptation was explained by the predictor variables, and that the significant variables were attitudes toward computers in general, role ambiguity, personality attributes, the person's work shift and previous history of job mobility. PMID- 6618872 TI - Strategies for a crowded marketplace. AB - Today's crowded marketplace demands that health care organizations use sophisticated marketing techniques. One technique is for the organization to differentiate itself in order to attract clients away from competing organizations. Another is for the organization to focus its resources on a limited number of market segments with the understanding that it will not devote resources to segments that have not been specifically designated as target markets. PMID- 6618873 TI - Price systems for purchasing services in the health care field. PMID- 6618874 TI - The use of scenario generation for examining future hospital utilization. AB - The scenario generation method is a straightforward method of isolating and analyzing the effects of several competing trends on future demand for hospital care. Through the use of scenario generation, a hospital has an opportunity to help choose its future, rather than being forced to passively watch health care evolution run its course. PMID- 6618875 TI - Supplemental nursing agencies--a tool for combating the nursing shortage. AB - Supplemental nursing agencies can help administrators combat the nursing shortage. By filling seasonal increases in demand with supplemental nurses, administrators can effectively staff units, ensure continuity of care and decrease total labor costs. Use of supplemental nurses also reduces the workload of regular staff nurses and spares supervisors from having to recruit employees for vacant slots. PMID- 6618876 TI - Psychographic analysis of nursing students: implications for the marketing and development of the nursing profession. AB - Understanding the nursing student's personality composition is a key to maintaining a high-quality recruiting campaign to replenish and expand the profession. Nursing schools should target their recruiting efforts toward the personality types that would be most successful in the profession. PMID- 6618877 TI - Capital budgeting and cost reimbursement in investor-owned and not-for-profit hospitals. AB - Net present value estimates cannot be made in health care finance without the appropriate cost reimbursement adjustments. The results of new regulations could radically alter the effects of reimbursement on capital budgeting. Debates on the effects of cost reimbursement on decision making in hospitals will continue as long as reimbursement exists in a manner that affects operating cash flows or the cost of capital. PMID- 6618878 TI - Contracting with food management companies. AB - In the health care industry the emphasis on cost containment, nutritional and other concerns will continue to increase. As this occurs, health care officials will more intensively study alternative methods to provide dietary services. PMID- 6618879 TI - Viewpoint: the success story of management services. AB - Management services are thriving. They are realizing their promises of some years ago and seem to have established a well-deserved niche in the health care industry. PMID- 6618880 TI - HCMR interview: Don L. Arnwine. PMID- 6618881 TI - [Immune complexes in dermatology today. A critical inventory]. AB - The kinetics and various localizations of immune complex deposits in the skin are briefly described with special reference to clinical and experimental immune complex dermatoses. The complexes can localize in various areas of the skin of dermatoses and of experimentally induced lesions. The difference between transient and persistent immune complex dermatoses might provide an immune clue for the study of the kinetics and the biologic activity of immune complexes in the skin. Future research will focus on the detection of antigen, the enhanced elimination of immune complexes from skin or other organs and the regulation of inflammatory reactions. PMID- 6618882 TI - [Hereditary angioneurotic edema. Clinical syndrome and therapy]. AB - Hereditary angioneurotic edema is transmitted as an autosomal dominant disease. It is characterized by a deficiency of the C1 esterase inhibitor. Clinical manifestations are periodic swelling of the extremities, face, upper airways and abdominal viscera. We described one patient to demonstrate the clinical features and current treatment. Danazol therapy is discussed. PMID- 6618883 TI - [Contact urticaria caused by skin test in pyrazolone allergy]. AB - About one third of patients with anaphylactic reactions to pyrazolones showed contact urticaria induced by to at least one pyrazolone after 30-60 min in patch test. This reaction was never observed in patients with various exanthemas or allergic contact dermatitis to these medicaments. Contact urticaria in patch test was mostly caused by propyphenazone, aminophenazone, and metamizole. The suspicious pyrazolone provoked positive results in only about 70%. No correlation could be found between contact urticaria in patch test and severity of allergic history, short interval before skin test and atopic constitution. PMID- 6618884 TI - [Malignant melanoma: prognostic evaluation using correlation coefficients]. AB - Many of the clinical and histological variables of malignant melanoma are correlated with each other. This interaction can be examined with simple and partial correlation coefficients. The exophytic growth of the melanoma, the level of invasion, the melanoma type of Clark, and the predominating cell type are correlated with the thickness of the tumor. These variables do not influence the patient's survival in tumors with the same thickness. Sex of the patient and ulceration and diameter of the melanoma are independent variables which are not correlated with the tumor thickness. They influence the patient's survival for tumors of the same thickness. The site of origin of the melanoma is not related to the tumor thickness but to the sex of the patient. The influence on the survival of this variable is controversial. PMID- 6618885 TI - [Visible hypertrophy of the musculus corrugator supercilii]. AB - A patient with constant intumescences of the forehead due to bilateral hypertrophy of mimic muscles is reported. PMID- 6618886 TI - Two unstable hemoglobins in one individual: Hb Atlanta (beta 75 Leu leads to Pro) and Hb Coventry (beta 141 Leu deleted). AB - A 25-year-old male had a life long history of a hemolytic anemia which was shown to be due to the presence of an unstable hemoglobin, Hb Atlanta beta 75 Leu leads to Pro. Two dimensional peptide maps of isopropanol precipitated globin also showed the presence of a second variant, Hb Coventry beta 141 Leu deleted. HPLC separation of the tryptic peptides consistently demonstrated both the abnormal and normal beta 9 and beta 14 peptides in the digest of total globin. Neither of the abnormal peptides was apparent on similar maps of globin from his parents or his two siblings. The proportion of the variants measured from the peptide maps was 11% beta-Coventry, 34% beta-Atlanta and the remainder beta-A. The possible basis for the presence of three beta-globins is discussed and it is concluded that this is likely to be due to some mechanism other than a beta-delta cross over. PMID- 6618887 TI - Effect of transferrin absence on in vitro globin chain synthesis in reticulocytes of beta-thalassemic patients. AB - The effect of transferrin absence on in vitro globin chain synthesis and on the alpha/beta ratio were investigated in four patients with beta-thalassemia intermedia and one heterozygote with "silent" beta-thalassemia. With one exception the lack of transferrin in the incubation medium resulted in the reduction of the globin alpha/beta ratio which paralleled a reduction in overall protein synthesis. In one patient with beta-thalassemia intermedia, however, the absence of transferrin failed to affect this ratio. PMID- 6618888 TI - Hemoglobin Jianghua [beta 120(GH3) LYS leads to ILE]: a new fast-moving variant found in China. PMID- 6618889 TI - Hemoglobin J Habana found in a cord blood of a Japanese. PMID- 6618891 TI - Pubertal development in Swiss girls. AB - Pubertal development between 8 and 18 years is reported in 142 Swiss females of the First Zurich Longitudinal Study (1954-1980). Genital and pubic hair development were rated according to TANNER [9]. Pubertal development was initiated at the earliest between 8 and 9 years and at the latest between 14 and 15 years of age. The first secondary sex character in 53% of the girls was the onset of pubic hair development and in 18% the onset of breast development. In 29% both the initiation of breast and that of pubic hair development were observed as the first pubertal signs. Pubertal development was completed at the earliest between 12 and 13 years and at the latest between 17 and 18 years of age. Most pubertal stages of breast and pubic hair development tended to be reached at earlier ages than previously reported. Omissions of stages occurred only in a few percent of the girls. A notable exception was breast stage 4 which was absent in 33%. Reversions of stages, particularly of breast stage 5 to a lower breast stage, were occasionally observed. The mean duration of breast development was 3.2 +/- 1.4 years and pubic hair development 3.6 +/- 1.1 years. The mean age at menarche was 13.4 +/- 1.0 years. Menarche was reached on the average 2.2 years after the initiation of breast development and 2.7 years after the initiation of pubic hair development. In spite of large variations in timing and duration of pubertal stages some significant relationships were noted between the pubertal characters. Moderate correlations were found between the ages at initiation of breast and pubic hair development and menarche. The ages at completion of breast and pubic hair development, menarche and the age at which the peak of the adolescent growth spurt (PHV) was reached were highly correlated with each other. There was no significant relationship between the duration of breast development and that of pubic hair development. Furthermore, no clear relationship between the timing of pubertal development and its duration could be established. In contrast to previous reports the temporal relationship between pubertal development and the adolescent growth spurt was found to be similar in both sexes. PMID- 6618890 TI - Pubertal development in Swiss boys. AB - Pubertal development between 8 and 18 years is reported in 142 Swiss males of the First Zurich Longitudinal Study (1954-1980). Genital and pubic hair development were rated according to TANNER [14]. Testicular growth was assessed by comparative palpation with the orchiometer of PRADER [10]. The age at which pubertal development was initiated varied between the eighth and the fifteenth year of life. Reaching a testicular volume of 3 ml was found to be the most reliable indicator for the onset of pubertal development. The various pubertal stages of genital and pubic hair development tended to occur at earlier ages in this study than previously reported. This was particularly true for PH6 which was observed in 73% of the boys by age 20. Standard deviations of 1.0 to 1.5 years for the ages at which the pubertal stages were reached reflected the large variations in the timing of pubertal development. The mean duration of genital development was 3.5 +/- 1.1 years, of pubertal penis growth 1.8 +/- 0.7 years, of pubertal testicular growth 3.5 +/- 1.0 years and of pubic hair development 2.7 +/ 1.0 years. Moderate correlations were found between the ages at which genital development, pubic hair development and pubertal testicular growth were initiated. The ages at completion of these pubertal characters and the age at which the peak of the adolescent growth spurt was reached were highly positively correlated with each other. For a given stage of a pubertal character at least 80% of the children were within two successive stages of any other pubertal character, e.g. 87% of the boys were either in G2 or G3 when they reached PH2. No significant relationship between the durations of genital development, pubic hair development and pubertal testicular growth could be established. Likewise no significant relationship could be found between the timing and duration of pubertal development. PMID- 6618892 TI - Methyl-prednisolone treatment of serum HBsAg negative chronic active hepatitis occurring in transfusion-dependent thalassemia major. AB - We report the results of a two-year non randomized prednisolone trial carried out in 18 thalassemia major patients with chronic active hepatitis and in 16 controls. We found a beneficial effect on the biochemical remission rate and on the extent of liver inflammation with no significant side effects and no overt reactivation of possible latent HBV infection at three-year follow-up. However, a more prolonged longitudinal study is necessary in order to evaluate whether steroid treatment can impede the evolution to cirrhosis without determining long term consequences, depending on virus-host interactions such as liver cell carcinoma. PMID- 6618893 TI - The SPONASTRIME dysplasia: familial short-limb dwarfism with saddle nose, spinal alterations and metaphyseal striation. Report of 4 siblings. AB - We report clinical, anthropometric and radiological findings in 4 siblings with a new type of skeletal dysplasia. 4 normally intelligent girls exhibit dwarfism between -3.4 and -4.6 standard deviations with accentuated shortening of the lower limbs, moderate deformity of the vertebral bodies, mildly striated metaphyses, saddle nose, frontal bossing, and relatively large head. The family pedigree suggests autosomal recessive inheritance. We propose the designation of SPONASTRIME dysplasia, derived from spondylar and nasal alterations with striation of the metaphyses. PMID- 6618894 TI - [Behavior of creatine in red blood cells and in plasma of children with chronic kidney insufficiency]. AB - The creatine concentration of red blood cells and plasma in 44 children with chronic renal failure was studied and found to be significantly higher than in healthy children of comparable age. The creatine concentrations of the 31 hemodialyzed children surpassed those of the 13 conservatively treated patients by 30%. A statistically significant correlation was demonstrated between the serum creatinine level and the creatine concentrations in red blood cells. During hemodialysis the plasma creatine concentration decreases by half and reaches the predialysis values within 42 h after the end of dialysis, whereas the creatine concentration of the red cells does not change during a 4-5-h hemodialysis. With increasing number of hemodialyses the creatine concentration of red cells rises, suggesting an improvement of erythropoiesis. PMID- 6618895 TI - Chronic polyarthritis of toxoplasmic etiology. PMID- 6618896 TI - A case of fenestrated anterior cerebral artery with an associated aneurysm. PMID- 6618897 TI - Serum squalene in patients with gallstones. PMID- 6618898 TI - Characteristic patterns of free amino acid content in plasma, erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and granulocytes in man. PMID- 6618899 TI - Intratumoral administration of streptococcal preparation (OK-432) to advanced pancreatic cancer. PMID- 6618900 TI - Functional analysis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in siblings of glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. PMID- 6618901 TI - The serum pregnancy associated alpha 2-glycoprotein level in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. PMID- 6618902 TI - Effects of atrophic changes in mucosa and endogenous gastrin (hypergastrinemia) on development of experimental gastric cancer and its growth in rats: a pilot study. PMID- 6618903 TI - Effect of M protein of Streptococcus pyogenes on macrophage functions. PMID- 6618904 TI - Enhanced resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in mice pretreated with OK-432. PMID- 6618905 TI - A study of chromosomal organization of repetitive DNA sequences by in situ hybridization. AB - Chromosomal DNA restriction fragments from Triturus cristatus carnifex, were cloned in pBR322. Five clones containing repetitive DNA sequences were analysed in terms of size, repetition frequencies, GC contents and interspersion patterns. All the data suggest that the cloned sequences are typical for the major repetitive classes found in carnifex and represent members of individual repetitive families. All five cloned sequences hybridize in situ to nascent RNA transcripts on lampbrush loops present in the heteromorphic region of chromosome 1. One of the cloned sequences is interesting in that it shows individual variation. The least repeated sequences are transcribed at many more loci than the more highly repeated sequences and are better represented in the total ovarian RNA. PMID- 6618907 TI - Evidence for collagen molecular orientation in basement membranes. AB - The following basement membranes (BMs) from representative species of the main vertebrate classes were studied by the Picrosirius-polarization method: lens capsule, Reichert's membrane and glomerular BMs. A distinct birefringence was consistently observed in all BMs from all species studied by this method. The results reported provide a strong evidence for collagen macromolecular orientation in BMs. Heparitin sulphate was the only glycosaminoglycan detected in dogs lens capsules. PMID- 6618906 TI - The influence of embedding media and fixation on the post-embedment ultrastructural demonstration of complex carbohydrates. I. Morphology and periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate staining of vicinal diols. AB - The influence of fixation and embedding medium on the periodic acid thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (PA-TCH-SP) staining reactivity in the mouse intestine was studied. It was found that the combination of osmium tetroxide and epoxy resins was the least sensitive for the demonstration of complex carbohydrate with the PA-TCH-SP method. Post-osmication reduced, but did not abolish, PA-TCH-SP reactivity (except for the Golgi complex) when non-epoxy resins were used. The staining pattern of a particular organelle differed depending on the embedding medium used. Golgi cisternae exhibited the most intense PA-TCH-SP reactivity in non-osmicated tissues embedded in non-epoxy resins. Post-osmication of tissues was required to reveal the fine structure of the glycocalyx as well as to preserve the fine structure of tissues embedded in styrene-methacrylate and styrene-Rigolac 2004. The choice of fixation procedures and embedding media in a given study should be governed primarily by the sites of interest. PMID- 6618908 TI - Acid phosphatase activity of human gingival fibroblasts measured using a simultaneous coupling semi-permeable membrane technique. AB - Acid phosphatase activity has been measured in cultured human gingival fibroblasts using a validated histochemical simultaneous coupling semi-permeable membrane technique. The histochemical reaction was linear over a three hour incubation period and had a pH optimum of 5.0. The activity was not increased by prior exposure to hypotonic acetate buffer and was inhibited by fluoride and molybdate but not by formaldehyde. These results indicate that the semi-permeable membrane technique described may be used for observing and measuring acid phosphatase activity in cultured fibroblasts. From results obtained using inhibitors, it appears that in these cells most of the acid phosphatase observed is lysosomal. The absence of any activation of activity following pre-incubation with hypotonic buffer indicates that the method is not suitable for monitoring lysosomal membrane function. PMID- 6618909 TI - Use of epoxy resin slides for handling unfixed cryostat sections intended for histochemistry at the ultrastructural level. PMID- 6618910 TI - Application of optical diffractometry in studies of cell fine structure. Comparison of arterial smooth muscle cells in contractile and synthetic state. AB - Arterial smooth muscle cells in contractile and synthetic state were analyzed by optical diffractometry. Cell sections (80-90 nm) were photographed in an electron microscope and diffraction patterns of the plates (negatives) were produced using a helium-neon laser. Radial and angular distributions of light intensity in the diffractograms were measured and digitized using an electronic detector plate consisting of ring- and wedge-shaped photosensitive elements; radial distributions provide information about size of structures and distances between them and angular distributions about spatial orientation of structures in the images. Micrographs of nuclei and cytoplasm were analyzed separately (40-50 plates in each group). Computerized statistical analysis of radial distributions of light intensity showed that the nuclear chromatin pattern differed between cells in contractile and synthetic state. The probability that the observed difference could have arisen purely by chance was less than 10(-5). Computer aided classification to the a priori known cell group was correct in 96.5% of the cases. Analysis of radial distributions of light intensity similarly showed marked differences in cytoplasmic structure between cells in contractile state (dominated by bundles of myofilaments) and synthetic state (dominated by cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum). The probability that the observed difference could have arisen purely by chance was less than 10(-5). Computer aided classification to the a priori known cell group was correct in 92.0% of the cases. In contrast, analysis of angular distributions of light intensity did not indicate any statistically significant differences between contractile and synthetic state cells. A likely reason is that both myofilaments and cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum were arranged in parallel. The results demonstrate that optical diffractometry is a useful method for image analysis in studies of cell fine structure. It provides information about size and orientation of structures with poorly defined shape and is particularly well suited for studies on cell differentiation and effects of pharmacological and other experimental treatments on cell fine structure. It represents an alternative and a complement to stereology for quantitative and objective evaluation of morphological data. PMID- 6618911 TI - Microprobe analysis of human masseter muscle biopsies. AB - Biopsies of the human masseter muscle were made using an intraoral approach. Sections were cut in a cryostat and freeze-dried. Using the myosin ATPase method at pH 9.3 the recognized heterogeneity of the muscle with respect to type I and type II fibers was confirmed. Sections were examined in an SEM by the method of energy dispersive X-ray analysis using a computer assisted semi-quantitative method (bulk analysis-thick sections) to determine the distribution of Na, P, S, Cl and K and their relative masses. Element concentrations in descending order were K, S, P, Na and Cl. Some element ratios were compared with results in the literature for other muscle (biochemical and microprobe analysis) and found to be generally in reasonable agreement. The results form a basis for the study of a prominent and accessible masticatory muscle in altered states. PMID- 6618913 TI - The tonoplast, a specific marker of embryogenic microspores of Datura cultured in vitro. AB - Microspores of Datura metel L. have a thin tonoplast which, upon culture in vitro, develops a more or less uniform coating or deposit (as early as 12 h). This response was specific for embryogenic microspores, thereby making it possible to distinguish them from the nonembryogenic microspores. Cytochemical tests indicated the presence of tannins in this deposit which persists only until the early globular stage of embryogenesis. Thus tannin-coated tonoplasts can be used as a reliable and specific cytological marker for microspores following the embryogenic pathway in vitro. PMID- 6618912 TI - The value of enzyme leakage for the prediction of necrosis in liver ischemia. AB - Following the clamping of the afferent vessels of the left lateral and median lobes in rat liver, a considerable part of these lobes show signs of necrosis 24 h after 90 min of ischemia, whereas no necrotic areas can be detected after 30 min interruption of the blood flow. The purpose of this study was to examine the value of an analysis of the leakage of enzymes from the liver parenchyma in the early phase after restoration of the blood flow after ischemia for a prediction of the occurrence of necrosis. Leakage of the enzymes GPT, GOT and LDH can be detected in the blood plasma with a maximum activity between 1 and 5 h both following 30 and 90 min of ischemia; a considerable difference in clearance is observed, however, in the period afterwards, the normal situation being reached after 24 h with the 30-min ischemic period, but not following the 90-min period. With use of an enzyme histochemical reaction, in situ a depletion of LDH-activity in the hepatocytes could be detected within a short period of time after 30 min temporary ischemia and a restoration during the following period of 24 h; the decrease in LDH-activity persisted during 24 h with a 90-min period of ischemia. Electronmicroscopically cytoplasmic blebs arisen from hepatocytes are observed in the lumen of sinusoids immediately after 30 min of ischemia, whereas after 90 min of ischemia actual leakage of cytoplasmic material takes place through the damaged surface of the hepatocytes. Enzyme leakage probably takes place via these both types of shedding of cytoplasm. It is concluded that the enzyme leakage as such cannot be used as a discriminating test between reversible and irreversible damage of the liver parenchyma. PMID- 6618914 TI - Ultrastructural demonstration of endogeneous peroxidase activity in mammalian epidermis. AB - With the diaminobenzidine method, endogenous peroxidase activity was demonstrated in the nuclear envelope and in the endoplasmic reticulum of non-keratinized keratinocytes and Langerhans cells of the epidermis of the newborn mouse, adult guinea pig and man. In the guinea pig all non-keratinized layers of keratinocytes showed this enzyme activity, whereas in the two other species examined peroxidase activity was limited to the suprabasal layers. The most pronounced activity was found in the Langerhans cells. The melanocytes were negative. With the same method, cytochrome c/cytochrome oxidase activity could be localized in the mitochondria of all epidermal cells of mouse and man, but not in the guinea pig. PMID- 6618915 TI - Two pools of electron cytochemically demonstrable adenylate cyclase activity in cortical synaptosomes. AB - Adenylate cyclase activity was demonstrated by means of electron microscopic cytochemistry in rat cortical synaptosomes incubated under various conditions. It was found that only the reaction at the postsynaptic density could be enhanced by noradrenaline and postmortem storage, while that on the presynaptic limiting membrane was insensitive to these effects but was affected selectively by vinblastine. On these grounds two different pools of cytochemically demonstrable adenylate cyclase activity were distinguished within the synaptic region. PMID- 6618916 TI - Microbiochemical approach to liver cell heterogeneity around terminal hepatic venules. AB - Using lyophilized cryostat sections of liver the activities of alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and pyruvate kinase were measured using a Lowry technique in the first layer of hepatocytes adjacent to terminal hepatic venules and in the residual parenchymal of the perivenous zone of the acinus in normally fed adult male Wistar rats. Alanine aminotransferase was homogeneously distributed in the two areas measured (ratio hepatocytes adjacent to terminal hepatic venules/residual parenchyma of the perivenous zone: 1.05). Enzyme activities of the lactate dehydrogenase were significantly lower in the hepatocytes adjacent to terminal hepatic venules (ratio: 0.65) and those of the pyruvate kinase significantly higher (ratio: 1.12) than in the residual parenchyma of the perivenous zone indicating liver cell heterogeneity in this zone of the liver acinus. PMID- 6618917 TI - Thrombosis in patients treated with L-asparaginase. PMID- 6618918 TI - Trends in cesarean section rate over the past decade. PMID- 6618919 TI - Use of butorphanol tartrate in balanced anesthesia. PMID- 6618920 TI - Rotavirus outbreak in a newborn nursery: report of cases. PMID- 6618921 TI - Acute diverticulitis of the cecum. PMID- 6618922 TI - Effect of previous volume history on airway closure. AB - We studied the effect of volume history on airway closure in six healthy males ranging from 32 to 67 yr of age. The method used was to compare the regional distribution of 133Xe boluses distributed according to N2O uptake during open glottis breath-hold maneuvers with the regional distribution of boluses of intravenously injected 133Xe. Measurements were made at two lung volumes, one close to residual volume (RV) and the other just below closing volume. The required volume was reached either by expiring from total lung capacity or by inspiring from RV. Although there was considerable airway closure in the basal regions of the lungs at both lung volumes studied, the degree of airway closure was not dependent on the previous volume history. We conclude that the airways concerned with closure have a volume-pressure hysteresis similar to that of the lung parenchyma. Furthermore in normal humans the volume-pressure hysteresis of the lung is not secondary to airway closure. PMID- 6618924 TI - Effect of exercise on left ventricular diastolic filling in athletes and nonathletes. AB - To evaluate the effect of exercise on left ventricular diastolic filling, the following were measured at rest and during exercise in 14 control subjects and 15 athletes, using digitized M-mode echocardiography: the peak early diastolic lengthening rate of the left ventricular dimension and the filling volume and the filling fraction during the first 0.10 s of diastole. During ergometer exercise performed at a level that increased the heart rate to 100 beats/min, there were significant increases in the peak normalized lengthening rate of the left ventricular dimension (control subjects, 4.2 +/- 1.3 vs. 6.1 +/- 1.1 s-1, mean +/ SD, P less than 0.001; athletes, 5.3 +/- 0.9 vs. 7.4 +/- 1.1 s-1, P less than 0.001), filling volume (control subjects, 15 +/- 12 vs. 33 +/- 10 ml, P less than 0.001; athletes, 21 +/- 12 vs. 63 +/- 18 ml, P less than 0.001), and filling fraction (control subjects, 21 +/- 14 vs. 42 +/- 17%, P less than 0.005; athletes, 21 +/- 13 vs. 54 +/- 12%, P less than 0.01). The peak lengthening rate of the left ventricular dimension, the filling volume, and the filling fraction were significantly greater in athletes than in control subjects during exercise (P less than 0.005, P less than 0.001, and P less than 0.05, respectively). Augmented early diastolic filling may be a mechanism to provide adequate filling for the ventricle at high heart rates produced by exercise, especially in athletes. PMID- 6618923 TI - Canine blood volume and cardiovascular function during hyperthermia. AB - The effect of acute hyperthermia on hemodynamic functions and blood volume regulation was examined on eight splenectomized dogs. Elevation of core body temperature by 2 degrees C over 90 min caused significant increase in cardiac output (11.2 +/- 12.5 ml X min-1 X kg-1 or about 10%) and significant decrease in total peripheral resistance (TPR; -1.3 +/- 1.0 mmHg X s X ml-1 or about 20%), whereas blood volume (BV), plasma oncotic pressure, and intravascular protein mass remained unchanged. Thus the raised core temperature caused peripheral vasodilation with decreased TPR and compensatory increase in cardiac output. Because BV remained unchanged during warming, mobilization of extravascular fluid did not occur; only the redistribution of blood to the vasodilated cutaneous circulation took place. To assess the effects of heat stress on transvascular fluid equilibrium, Ringer solution (10.7 ml X kg-1 X 10 min-1) was infused under normothermic and hyperthermic conditions. The volume of fluid retained within the intravascular space under equilibrium state was 33.5% in hyperthermia and 9.4% in normothermia. In hyperthermia, the transvascular fluid shift and urinary output were decreased both during and after infusion. The role of preferential fluid retention within the intravascular space observed during hyperthermia was discussed in relation to the mechanism to maintain cardiovascular function and BV under heat stress. PMID- 6618925 TI - Mechanical properties of the upper airway. AB - The series and shunt components of the impedance of the upper airway (Zuaw) were evaluated from measurements obtained during a Valsalva maneuver by means of a modified forced oscillation technique. When the cheeks are supported, the upper airway can be represented by a single distributed transmission line. The homogeneity of this line was confirmed by measuring separately Zuaw and the impedance of the mouth. Correction of the impedance of the respiratory system, determined by means of the forced oscillations technique, for the shunt properties of Zuaw results in some modifications of the frequency dependence of resistance (Rrs) in healthy adults and in marked changes of the absolute values of Rrs in children and in patients with obstructive lung disease. PMID- 6618926 TI - Oxygen toxicity in cultured aortic endothelium: selenium-induced partial protective effect. AB - The time course of biochemical changes related to cell loss and damage during exposure to 95% O2 [DNA and protein content of dishes, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release] was studied in postconfluent endothelial cells isolated from pig aorta, cultured in standard medium and in medium supplemented with 2 X 10(-7) M selenomethionine (Se-Met). A fourfold increase in glutathione peroxidase (G-Px) was the only major enzymatic Se-related effect under both normoxic and hyperoxic conditions, the other antioxidant enzymes being little or not at all affected by this treatment. The addition of Se-Met had a clearcut protective action against the cytotoxic effect of O2 as shown by measurements of DNA and protein content of Petri dishes and of LDH release. On the other hand, the most sensitive O2-related effect, namely the decrease in [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA, was not affected by Se-Met addition. These experiments suggest that some of the O2 related toxic effects (but not the inhibition of DNA synthesis) could be mediated by lipid peroxides, since they were, at least partly, prevented by a Se-Met induced increase in G-Px activity. PMID- 6618927 TI - Influence of chest wall distortion on esophageal pressure. AB - The caudocephalad profile of esophageal pressure swings was studied in 10 preterm and 5 full-term infants, and the effect of chest wall distortion on esophageal pressure swings was analyzed in 12 preterm infants. Esophageal pressure was measured with a fluid-filled catheter, tidal volume with a pneumotachograph, mouth pressure with a face mask and pressure transducer, and rib cage and abdominal motion with magnetometers. In preterm infants the profile of esophageal pressure swings fell very steeply in the caudocephalad direction. In full-term infants it was flat during quiet sleep and steep during rapid-eye-movement sleep. When breaths, standardized for pleural pressure, were compared between a period with maximal and a period with minimal chest wall distortion, esophageal pressure swings for both spontaneous and occluded breaths were higher in the former period. We conclude that the complaint preterm rib cage results in an uneven distribution of pleural pressure and that this distribution varies with changes in chest wall distortion. Esophageal pressure measurements are therefore an unreliable estimate of mean pleural pressure in the preterm infant and can be unreliable in the term infant. PMID- 6618928 TI - Effect of chest wall distortion on occlusion pressure and the preterm diaphragm. AB - We studied the effect of chest wall distortion (CWD) on transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) and/or mouth pressure during end-expiratory airway occlusions in seven preterm infants. We measured mouth occlusion pressure (Pmo) with a face mask and pressure transducer, gastric pressure (Pga) with a fluid-filled catheter, diaphragmatic electromyogram (Edi) using surface electrodes, and rib cage and abdominal motion using magnetometers. We reasoned that Pdi = Pmo - Pga on airway occlusion. Periods with maximal and periods with minimal CWD were compared. We found that 1) when CWD was minimal, an increase in Edi produced an increase in Pmo and Pdi in all infants; when CWD was greatest, large increases in Edi produced no increase in Pmo or Pdi in four infants; 2) when breaths with the same Pmo or Pdi from each period in each infant were compared, those from the period with greatest CWD had an increased Edi (mean increase 76%, P less than 0.005, and 144%, P less than 0.01, for Pmo and Pdi, respectively). We conclude that in preterm infants, Pmo can be a poor indicator of respiratory drive, and CWD markedly limits the effectiveness of the diaphragm as a force generator. PMID- 6618929 TI - Lactate in human skeletal muscle after 10 and 30 s of supramaximal exercise. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent of anaerobic glycogenolysis, as indicated by intramuscular lactate concentration, after 10 and 30 s of supramaximal exercise and to compare male and female subjects in this regard. Fifteen males and seven females performed two cycle exercise bouts against a resistance which was standardized so that one pedal revolution resulted in 4.90 J work X kg body wt-1. A muscle biopsy was obtained after 10- and 30-s exercise bouts and analyzed for lactate concentration. The lactate concentrations averaged 36 and 61 mmol X kg dry wt-1 after the 10- and 30-s exercise bouts, respectively. The male subjects had higher (P less than 0.005) lactate concentrations and generated higher (P less than 0.001) power outputs for both exercise bouts. When the mean lactate concentrations were statistically adjusted after controlling for between-group variation in power output, no difference was evident between groups for the 10- or the 30-s lactate value. The results are evidence that pronounced lactate accumulation occurs during supramaximal exercise of a 10-s duration, suggesting that glycolysis can occur within this time frame. This is in contrast to the theory that glycolysis does not occur until endogenous phosphagen levels reach some critically low value, not thought to be obtainable within the first 10 s of supramaximal exercise. PMID- 6618930 TI - Airway anesthesia effects on hypercapnic breathing pattern in humans. AB - Minute ventilation (VE) and breathing pattern during an abrupt increase in fractional CO2 were compared in 10 normal subjects before and after airway anesthesia. Subjects breathed 7% CO2-93% O2 for 5 min before and after inhaling aerosolized lidocaine. As a result of airway anesthesia, VE and tidal volume (VT) were greater during hypercapnia, but there was no effect on inspiratory time (TI). Therefore, airway anesthesia produced an increase in mean inspiratory flow (VT/TI) during hypercapnia. The increase in VT/TI was compatible with an increase in neuromuscular output. There was no effect of airway anesthesia on the inspiratory timing ratio or the shape and position of the curve relating VT and TI. We also compared airway resistance (Raw), thoracic gas volume, forced vital capacity, forced expired volume at 1s, and maximum midexpiratory flow rate before and after airway anesthesia. A small (0.18 cmH2O X l-1 X s) decrease in Raw occurred after airway anesthesia that did not correlate with the effect of airway anesthesia on VT/TI. We conclude that airway receptors accessible to airway anesthesia play a role in hypercapnic VE. PMID- 6618931 TI - Pulmonary metabolic function in the awake lamb: effect of development and hypoxia. AB - The effect of postnatal development and acute alveolar hypoxia on pulmonary metabolic function was studied in conscious newborn lambs. Measurements of the ability of the lungs of these animals to metabolize [3H]benzoyl-L-phenyl-alanyl-L alanyl-L-proline ([3H]BPAP; a synthetic substrate for angiotensin-converting enzyme, ACE) and to remove 5-hydroxy-[14C]tryptamine (5-[14C]HT) were made by modified indicator-dilution techniques during normoxic and hypoxic (fraction of inspired O2 = 0.10) conditions at 1 day, 1 wk, and 1 mo of age. Six additional sheep (8-23 wk old) were studied acutely as "adult" controls. BPAP metabolism in the 1-day-old group was 48 +/- 3% and increased slowly to 57 +/- 1% (P less than 0.05) at 1 mo of age and to 79 +/- 3% (P less than 0.01) by 23 wk of age. Pulmonary 5-[14C]HT removal was adultlike at birth (69 +/- 2%). Alveolar hypoxia significantly decreased BPAP only in the 1-day-old group (41 +/- 3%; P less than 0.05) and had no significant effect on 5-[14C]HT removal over the range of ages studied. These data demonstrate a selective and gradual postnatal development of pulmonary ACE which could be due to alterations in either the affinity or maximal capacity of pulmonary ACE, or increased endothelial cell surface area secondary to rapid growth of small blood vessels in this period. Alveolar hypoxia does not appear to closely regulate either ACE activity or 5-HT removal in conscious lambs greater than 1 day old when trace amounts of substrate are used. PMID- 6618932 TI - Influence of ischemia and hypoxia on breathing in ducks. AB - We examined the influence of whole and lower body hypoxia and lower body ischemia on breathing in White Pekin ducks, Anas platyrhynchos, excluding pathways involving the carotid bodies. Carotid body denervated birds breathing 10 or 5% O2 developed a tachypnea after a latency of 30-100 s. The tachypnea was more pronounced with the more severe hypoxia, resulting in almost a doubling of minute ventilation (VE). Occlusion of the abdominal aorta in unanesthetized ducks produced immediate development of hypertension. Ventilation was unaffected for the 1st min; a tachypnea then developed rapidly and persisted for the duration of the occlusion resulting in a 25% increase in VE. After thoracic spinal section, all ventilatory responses to occlusion were eliminated. Experimental perfusion of the brain and single intact carotid body in unanesthetized ducks with hyperoxic blood during low O2 breathing (6-9% O2) resulted in tachypnea, also after a considerable latency. These results suggest that severe hypoxia can affect breathing in birds via pathways other than those involving the carotid bodies. PMID- 6618933 TI - Fluid and electrolyte homeostasis during prolonged exercise at altitude. AB - The combined effect of exercise and altitude on fluid and electrolyte homeostasis was studied over 13 days on six male subjects eating a diet with constant sodium and potassium content. During the first 4 and last 4 days subjects were semisedentary at an altitude of 900 m. In the middle 5 days subjects exercised by hill walking for about 7 h daily at altitudes between 2,678 and 3,629 m. There was a retention of sodium (mean of 202 mM by the end of the exercise-altitude period) and a small retention of water (mean of 0.49 liters). Plasma volume increased by 0.76 liters and packed cell volume fell from a mean of 44.5 to 41.8%. There was no change in plasma sodium concentration. The retention of sodium implies an expansion in the extracellular space of 1.44 liters at the expense of the intracellular space, which decreased by a calculated 1.05 liters. These changes are similar to those resulting from comparable exercise at sea level and opposite to the effect of altitude on resting subjects. PMID- 6618934 TI - Effects of phrenic stimulation on upper airway resistance in anesthetized dogs. PMID- 6618935 TI - Stimulation of splanchnic afferents reflexly relaxes tracheal smooth muscle in dogs. AB - Although chemical stimulation of abdominal visceral afferents has been shown to reflexly increase cardiovascular and ventilatory function, the effect of stimulating these afferents on airway smooth muscle is unknown. Therefore, we recorded transverse smooth muscle tension from an innervated segment of trachea in chloralose-anesthetized dogs while we topically applied capsaicin (200 micrograms/ml) and bradykinin (0.01-10 micrograms/ml) to the serosal surfaces of the stomach, small intestine, and gallbladder. Application of these irritant substances to the stomach and small intestine decreased tracheal tension and increased mean arterial pressure. However, application of capsaicin and bradykinin to the gallbladder had only small effects on both of these variables. Cutting the splanchnic nerves abolished or greatly attenuated the decreases in tension and increases in mean arterial pressure, whereas cutting the vagi had no effect on them. We conclude that stimulation of splanchnic afferent endings in the stomach and small intestine reflexly relaxes tracheal smooth muscle in dogs. This effect may be one component of the constellation of autonomic responses reflexly evoked by abdominal visceral pain and inflammation. PMID- 6618936 TI - Independent brain stem sites for ventilatory neurogenesis. AB - The purpose was to determine if independent ventilatory rhythms could be generated in each half of completely separated brain stems. In decerebrate, cerebellectomized, vagotomized, paralyzed, and ventilated cats, activities of phrenic, recurrent laryngeal (RLN), and/or hypoglossal nerves were monitored. Midsaggital brain stem divisions were performed by sections and lesions. Eupnea continued following divisions of mesencephalon and pons. Hypoglossal and phrenic activities were eliminated after sections approximating the obex. In most preparations, RLNs discharged with independent rhythms after completion of midsagittal brain stem section and a C1 transection. Independent rhythms were also obtained from each half of medulla following transections at the pontomedullary junction and at C1, and midsagittal medullary divisions. In other animals with transections between pons and medulla and at C1, synchronized RLN and hypoglossal activities persisted after sagittal medullary divisions, 2.0 mm lateral to midline contralaterally. Data demonstrate that there is more than one potential brain stem site for ventilatory neurogenesis. It is hypothesized that there are many such sites, possibly having pacemaker cells, in pons and medulla. PMID- 6618937 TI - Breathing patterns during submaximal and maximal exercise in elite oarsmen. AB - Continuous breath-by-breath measurements of ventilatory parameters were performed during submaximal and maximal treadmill exercise in 21 highly conditioned oarsmen. Average maximum values of O2 uptake, minute ventilation (VI), tidal volume (VT), and respiratory frequency (f) were 6.60 l/min (73.5 ml X kg-1 X min 1), 200 l/min, 3.29 l, and 62 breaths/min, respectively. During the transition from moderate to heavy submaximal exercise, VT and f increased progressively. At near-maximal to maximal work loads, VT plateaued and then decreased slightly, while f continued to increase. Increase in f at the start of exercise was achieved predominantly by an abrupt decrease in expiratory duration (TE) with an equally abrupt, but much smaller, decrease in inspiratory duration (TI). During the transition from submaximal to maximal exercise, both TE and TI decreased progressively. Although f appeared to be entrained by stepping rate in a few subjects, the dominant trend during submaximal to maximal exercise was characterized by a relatively small increase in stepping rate with a much larger increment in f. Our data are consistent with the conclusion that exercise breathing patterns are determined by many interacting factors that vary at different work loads, in different individuals, and are probably also influenced by physical conditioning and previous experience. PMID- 6618938 TI - Regional medullary blood flow during isocapnic hyperpnea in anesthetized cats. PMID- 6618939 TI - Effect of a hydrostatic pleural pressure gradient on mechanical behavior of lung lobes. AB - Using 133Xe, the vertical distribution of regional volume (Vr) was measured in three regions of excised canine lobes both in air and when completely submerged in saline at 40, 60, 70, and 80% lobar vital capacity (VC). The estimated pleural pressure gradient, derived from values of Vr, distance between regions, and the lobar pressure-volume (PV) curve, underestimated the true gradient by 45%. Conversely, the gradient of Vr was substantially less than predicted. From the mean depth of each region below the waterline, pleural, and hence transpulmonary, pressure (PL) was computed. The values of Vr-PL for each region at 40, 60, and 80% lung volume (VL) were related to the lobar PV curve. Slopes of lines joining initial VL-PL points on the lobar PV curve to corresponding Vr-PL points in submerged lobes represent an effective regional compliance of a lobe undergoing deformation. With one exception this was less than the corresponding homogeneous compliance, indicating a stiffening of the lobe during deformation. Slopes of lines joining Vr-PL points of each region at the three lobar volumes represent effective regional compliance of a deformed lobe undergoing volume change. This was not significantly different from the homogeneous compliance. However, effective compliance can only be an approximate indicator of the forces required for a given volume change due to the inadequacy of PL to represent the unequal stress components induced by lobe deformation. PMID- 6618940 TI - Gas transport during high-frequency ventilation. AB - During high-frequency small-volume ventilation (HFV), the transport rate of gas from the mouth to a lung region is a function of two conductances (conductance is the transfer rate of a gas divided by its partial pressure difference): regional longitudinal gas conductance along the airways (Grlongi) and gas conductance between lung regions (Ginter). Grlongi per unit regional lung (gas) volume [Grlongi/(Vr beta g)] was determined during HFV in 11 anesthetized paralyzed dogs lying supine. The distribution of Grlongi/(Vr beta g) was nearly uniform during HFV when stroke volumes were less than approximately two-thirds of the Fowler dead-space volume. By contrast, the distribution of Grlongi/(Vr beta g) was nonuniform when the stroke volume exceeded approximately two-thirds of the Fowler dead-space volume and the oscillation frequency was 5 Hz. Gas conductance along the airways per unit lung gas volume [average Glongi/(V beta g)], for the entire lung, increased with stroke volume at all frequencies, but for a given product of oscillation frequency and stroke volume, the average Glongi/(V beta g) was greater when stroke volume was large and oscillation frequency was low. The average Glongi/(V beta g) increased with frequency up to a maximal value; the frequency at which the maximum occurred depended on the kinematic viscosity of the inspired gas mixture. PMID- 6618941 TI - Maximal exercise responses of tetraplegics and paraplegics. AB - Eight tetraplegic and 13 paraplegic subjects performed a continuous progressive loading exercise test to exhaustion on a wheelchair ergometer. Their cardiorespiratory responses at maximal O2 uptake were analyzed after initially grouping subjects according to the international system for classification of wheelchair athletes. Analysis of variance provided a basis for regrouping the subjects into tetraplegic (T), high-lesion paraplegic (HLP), and low-lesion paraplegic (LLP) groups and indicated significant differences (P less than 0.05) in maximal power output (24, 47, and 80 W) and O2 uptake (0.97, 1.62, and 2.42 l/min) for T, HLP, and LLP, respectively. T had a significantly lower maximal heart rate (110) compared with the paraplegic values (175 and 190), whereas the HLP, in contrast to the LLP, had a lower maximum ventilation (66 vs. 101 l/min) and a lower O2 pulse (9.3 vs. 12.7 ml/beat). The ventilatory equivalent for O2 was similar in all groups to values for able-bodied subjects in maximal arm crank ergometry, however, suggesting a lack of any respiratory limit to maximal O2 delivery. No differences were noted in respiratory exchange ratio or net efficiency between the groups. In addition to limitations of functional muscle mass, the data suggested that the reduced cardiac capacity of T and HLP may also be linked to their lower maximal exercise capacity and O2 uptake. PMID- 6618942 TI - Effects of acute moderate-intensity exercise on carnitine metabolism in men and women. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to describe the dynamics of carnitine metabolism during an acute episode of exercise. Twenty-eight subjects (14 male; 14 female) exercised for 40 min on a bicycle ergometer at 55% of their maximal aerobic capacities. Blood samples were obtained at rest, 10, 20, 30, and 40 min of exercise, and 15-min postexercise. Muscle biopsies of the vastus lateralis were performed before and after exercise. Results demonstrated that the percent of acylated plasma carnitine increased significantly (P less than 0.05) across all subjects from 17.3% at rest to 22.3% by 40 min of exercise and continued to increase to 22.8% 15-min postexercise. Total muscle carnitine levels fell significantly (P less than 0.001) across all subjects from 4.21 (1.27) (means +/- SD) mumol/g wet weight at rest to 3.29 (1.27) mumol/g wet weight after exercise. Well-trained males and females had almost identical levels of muscle carnitine [4.35(1.86) and 4.34 (0.64) mumol/g wet weight, respectively]. These levels were somewhat higher but not significantly higher than their moderately trained counterparts [3.86(1.34) and 4.28(1.18) males and females, respectively]. Carnitine palmitoyl transferase (E.C. 2.3.1.21) activity also declined significantly (P less than 0.05) across all subjects after exercise. This study is the first to demonstrate a potential loss of acylated carnitine forms from muscle to plasma during acute exercise, possibly reflecting an increase in carnitine turnover. Alterations in carnitine status may represent another metabolic adaptation to chronic exercise training. PMID- 6618943 TI - Mechanical and gas-distribution behavior of a collateral ventilation model. AB - We extended the theoretical analysis of Otis et al. (J. Appl. Physiol. 8: 427 443, 1956) to study the effects of collateral ventilation on lung mechanics and gas distribution. Equations were developed to express the effective compliance, the effective resistance, and the distribution of airflow and tidal volume in a two-compartment model incorporating a collateral communication. The analysis of the model showed that, in general, collateral ventilation tends to attenuate the degree of frequency dependence of compliance and resistance, the magnitude of this effect being dependent on the mechanical properties of the model, including collateral resistance. The influence of collateral ventilation is important when the model simulates the mechanical characteristics of the emphysematous lung (marked time-constant inequality with regionally high airway resistance, and relatively low collateral resistance). Under these conditions, a large fraction of the tidal volume of the high airway resistance lung compartment is contributed by the collateral communication. The effects of collateral ventilation on the mechanical behavior of the model are negligible when collateral resistance largely exceeds airway resistance (simulating experimental findings in normal lungs). The present theoretical data suggest that the use of equations based on a model incorporating collateral ventilation is justified, at least in predicting the mechanical and gas-distribution behavior of the lung in emphysema. PMID- 6618944 TI - Metabolism of rats running up and down an incline. AB - The purpose of these experiments was to determine oxygen consumption (VO2) in rats as a function of treadmill speed (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 m . min-1) as they ran on the level and up and down a 16 degree (17.8%) incline. The slopes of the regression lines relating VO2 (ml O2 . kg-1 . min-1) to running speed (m . min-1) were linear for all three inclines. The regression slope for uphill runners (y = 1.25x + 47.7) was greater than the regression slopes for level (y = 0.88x + 41.2) (P less than 0.025) or downhill (y = 0.68x + 39.7) (P less than 0.005) runners, and the regression slope for level runners was greater than that for downhill runners (P less than 0.10). All VO2 measurements were submaximal. In conclusion, incline has a significant effect on the metabolism of rats running on a motor driven treadmill. PMID- 6618945 TI - Effect of catecholamine depletion on ventilatory control in unanesthetized normoxic and hypoxic rats. PMID- 6618946 TI - Effects of chronic hypoxia on pulmonary vascular responses to biogenic amines. AB - The effects of chronic hypoxia on pulmonary vascular resistance changes (% delta Rpv) to histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), and KCl were studied in isolated perfused lungs from control rats and rats exposed to 7, 14, and 28 days of hypoxia. Histamine, which produced linear increases in % delta Rpv with increasing doses in the control, was reversed to vasodilation by chronic hypoxia of 7 and 14 days and at 28 days, vasodilation to this amine still predominated (7 out of 10). Control responses to 5-HT were unaltered by 7 days of hypoxia but enhanced at 14 and 28 days. Control responses to NE showed either vasoconstriction or vasodilation; at 7 days of hypoxia, NE had no significant vasoactivity; however, at 14 days, vasoconstriction and vasodilation were both observed, with vasodilation being more effective. Lastly, the pressor responses to KCl were not affected by chronic hypoxia of any duration. These results suggest that chronic hypoxia: 1) does not alter pulmonary vascular contractility (KCl); 2) reduces H1 and alpha-receptor activity while enhancing H2- and beta receptor activity; and 3) enhances the pressor responses to 5-HT by increasing either the efficacy of this amine or the number of 5-HT vasoconstrictor receptors. PMID- 6618947 TI - A model of inspiratory muscle mechanics. AB - We have previously shown that the costal and crural parts of the diaphragm have different actions on the rib cage (RC) and that the tension developed in one part is not transmitted perfectly to the other. Thus the diaphragm can be modeled pneumatically or electrically as two generators or pumps in series between the lung and abdomen. As such, the force developed by diaphragmatic contraction is the sum of the forces developed in each part, whereas the volume displaced is the same for each part and equal to the total volume displaced. The costal part of the diaphragm is in series with the intercostal and accessory (IA) muscles between the lung and RC, whereas the crural part is in parallel. The volume displaced by simultaneous contraction of the crural part and IA is the sum of volumes displaced by each part. The action of pleural and abdominal pressure [acting through the area of apposition (Aap) of the diaphragm to RC] can be modelled as a summing junction between IA and RC. With hyperinflation the costal part acts more and more in parallel with both IA and the crural part, whereas Aap diminishes, so that the ability to develop large forces decreases independently of the muscles' force-length relationships. The model also predicts that the factors determining the length of the costal and crural parts are different. Finally, the parallel and serial arrangement of the inspiratory musculature allows for increases in maximum power, maximum force, and maximum velocity by appropriate recruitment of the various muscle groups. PMID- 6618949 TI - Regional left ventricular performance during normal and obstructed spontaneous respiration. AB - To clarify the effects of respiration on left ventricular (LV) dimensions and shortening, we studied chronically instrumented dogs with endocardial sonomicrometer crystals in the anterior-posterior (AP), septal to lateral (SL), and long axes (LA) following pericardiectomy. Ten anesthetized dogs were examined during spontaneous unobstructed respiration, partial inspiratory obstruction (PIO), and Mueller maneuvers (MM). During unobstructed inspiration, end-diastolic dimensions (EDD) demonstrated a significant increase in the AP and a similar decrease in the SL axis (i.e., noncongruent shape changes). During PIO only the SL EDD diminished significantly, while no significant changes occurred in any EDD during MM. Individual dogs also demonstrated noncongruent shape changes at end systole during inspiration. However, the end-systolic dimensions for the entire group demonstrated a significant increase in one dimension during each inspiratory mode with no significant changes in the other two axes suggesting an increased ventricular volume. Regional shortening declined only in the SL axis during both unobstructed respiration and PIO. Spontaneous sighs with large tidal volumes, yet smaller changes in pleural pressure than during the MM, were associated with marked noncongruent shape changes in both diastole and systole. We conclude that 1) estimates of LV volumes during respiration based on only one or two axes and assuming regional congruent shape changes may be misleading; and 2) lung volume changes can affect LV geometry independently of changes in pleural pressure. PMID- 6618948 TI - Low exercise pulmonary resistance is not dependent on vasodilator prostaglandins. AB - In resting conscious dogs, administration of cyclooxygenase inhibitors results in modest increases in pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance, suggesting that vasodilator prostaglandins play a role in maintaining the low vascular resistance in the pulmonary bed. To assess the role of these vasodilator prostaglandins on pulmonary vascular resistance during exercise, we studied seven mongrel dogs at rest and during exercise before and after intravenous meclofenamate (5 mg/kg). Following meclofenamate, pulmonary vascular resistance rose both at rest (250 24 vs. 300 +/- 27 dyn . s . cm-5, P less than 0.01) and with exercise (190 +/- 9 vs. 210 +/- 12 dyn . s . cm-5, P less than 0.05). Systemic vascular resistance rose slightly following meclofenamate both at rest and during exercise. There were no changes in cardiac output. The effects of cyclooxygenase inhibition, although significant, were less during exercise than at rest. This suggests that the normal fall in pulmonary vascular resistance during exercise depends largely on factors other than vasodilator prostaglandins. PMID- 6618950 TI - Breath-by-breath alveolar gas exchange. AB - A method is described for breath-by-breath measurement of alveolar gas exchange corrected for changes of lung gas stores. In practice, the subject inspires from a spirometer, and each expired tidal volume is collected into a rubber bag placed inside a rigid box connected to the same spirometer. During the inspiration following any given expiration the bag is emptied by a vacuum pump. A computer monitors inspiratory and expiratory tidal volumes, drives four solenoid valves allowing appropriate operation of the system, and memorizes end-tidal gas fractions as well as mixed expired gas composition analyzed by mass spectrometer. Thus all variables for calculating alveolar gas exchange, based on the theory developed by Auchincloss et al. (J. Appl. Physiol. 21: 810-818, 1966), are obtained on a single-breath basis. Mean resting and steady-state exercise gas exchange data are equal to those obtained by conventional open-circuit measurements. Breathing rates up to 30 X min-1 can be followed. The breath-to breath variability of O2 uptake at the alveolar level is less (25-35%) than that measured at the mouth as the difference between the inspired and expired volumes, both at rest and during exercise up to 0.7 of maximum O2 consumption. PMID- 6618951 TI - Noninvasive method for detecting laryngeal narrowing with low-frequency sound. AB - We measured laryngeal narrowing with low-frequency sound in human subjects. A low frequency sound of 800 Hz was forced into the mouth, and sound-pressure amplitude above (SPAa) and below the vocal cord (SPAb) was detected using two separate microphones at the anterior neck. If the subject voluntarily narrowed the larynx at functional residual capacity, the increased respiratory resistance (Rrs) was only caused by increased laryngeal resistance, and SPAa was increased and SPAb was decreased. The percent changes of SPAa (SPAa%) minus that SPAb (SPAb%) from the initial values (SPAa% - SPAb% = Y) was proportional to the increase of Rrs from the initial control state (X, cmH2O X 1-1 X s); Y = 22.4 X1.20 (coef of correlation, r = 0.96, P less than 0.01). We confirmed similar proportions in dogs by manually narrowing the vocal cord. When laryngeal resistance was directly measured by tracheal puncture with a needle, the proportions between Y and X were not significantly dependent on the increase of Rrs below the vocal cord induced by methacholine inhalation in human subjects and histamine injection in dogs. We concluded that the increase of laryngeal resistance from the initial state could be detected noninvasively by using low-frequency sound. PMID- 6618952 TI - Noninvasive ventilatory monitoring with bellows pneumographs in supine subjects. AB - We compared simultaneous measurements of ventilatory movements obtained by a bellows pneumograph (BP) and a respiratory inductive plethysmograph (RIP) vs. integrated volume from a pneumotachograph in seven healthy volunteers during different respiratory patterns. The purpose of this study was to assess if a computer-aided calibration procedure could improve the accuracy of BP, a simple semiquantitative method for noninvasive ventilatory monitoring in supine subjects. Both devices were repeatedly calibrated against a pneumotachograph in the same posture with a computer-aided least-squares method. One calibration maneuver was sufficient to achieve a minimal relative difference in volume measurements between the RIP as well as the BP and the pneumotachograph of less than 1.2 +/- 4.5 (SD) %. The accuracy remained in this range during the subsequent calibrations with time (1 h) and after body movements. However, this difference increased significantly with both devices when the subjects were studied in the lateral decubitus position. The present study indicates that despite theoretical advantages of the RIP, the BP, when properly calibrated, has similar performances in supine subjects for monitoring ventilation; it is simpler and less expensive than the RIP and is devoid of electrical drift and artifacts. PMID- 6618953 TI - Ergometric evaluation of pathological gait. AB - At each step of walking, the center of gravity of the body moves up and down and accelerates and decelerates forward with a combined movement that allows an appreciable transfer (R) between gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy, as occurs in a pendulum. The positive work and power to lift the center of gravity, to accelerate it forward, and to maintain its motion in a sagittal plane, the amount of R, the maximal height reached during each step by the center of gravity, and the step length and frequency are all determined by a microcomputer a few minutes after a subject walks on a force platform. This method is applied to the analysis of pathological gait in the attempt to measure quantitatively the alteration of the normal locomotory movement of the center of gravity. The strides of the patient are compared with the strides of normal subjects; in addition, the movement of the center of gravity of the patient during the stance on the affected limb is compared with the movement of the center of gravity during the stance on the unaffected limb, thus giving an index of the asymmetry of locomotion. PMID- 6618954 TI - Subtraction of electrocardiographic signal from respiratory electromyogram. AB - Presented is a method to selectively suppress interfering electrocardiographic artifacts from the surface-recorded respiratory muscle electromyographic (EMG) signal. This method has application in the frequency analysis of respiratory muscle EMG. PMID- 6618956 TI - Calculation of substrate oxidation rates in vivo from gaseous exchange. AB - This paper reviews the assumptions involved in calculating rates of carbohydrate and fat oxidation from measurements of O2 consumption, CO2 production, and urinary nitrogen excretion. It is shown that erroneous results are obtained in the presence of metabolic processes such as lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis. The apparent rates calculated under these conditions can, however, be interpreted as net rates of "utilization." Thus the apparent rate of carbohydrate oxidation is the sum of the rates of utilization for oxidation and for lipogenesis minus the rate at which carbohydrate is formed from amino acids. The apparent rate of fat oxidation is the difference between the rates of oxidation and synthesis from carbohydrate, so that the apparently negative rates encountered in patients infused with glucose do quantitatively represent net rates of synthesis. Other processes such as synthesis of ketone bodies or lactate at rates greater than their utilization can also disturb the calculations, but the magnitude of the effect can be estimated from appropriate measurements. Methods of correcting the observed gaseous exchange in these circumstances are given. PMID- 6618955 TI - A comparison of methods for quantitation of metabolites in skeletal muscle. AB - Quantitation of gastrocnemius muscle metabolites in mice was evaluated using three commonly employed descriptors: wet weight, total protein, and total creatine. A fourth previously unreported descriptor, NAD+, was also evaluated. In resting muscle the coefficients of variation were similar when the metabolite data were normalized by any of the four descriptors. However, in tetanically stimulated muscle, normalization by wet weight yielded metabolite levels which were 23-25% lower than the results obtained when the data were normalized by total protein, total creatine, or NAD+. PMID- 6618957 TI - A Hall effect transducer for measuring length changes in mammalian diaphragm. AB - When a conductor through which a current is flowing is brought into a magnetic field, the isopotential lines are distorted (E. H. Hall, 1879). When a constant current is made to flow through a Hall generator, the measured voltage perpendicular to the current flow can be made to vary by altering the distance between a permanent magnet and a Hall generator. A length transducer useful for measuring length changes in the diaphragm of a dog is made by connecting a commercially available Hall generator to a Plexiglas plate (5 X 10 X 3 mm, 0.5 g), and suturing the plate to the surface of the muscle. A permanent magnet (20 X 10 X 4 mm, 1.5 g) is attached to the diaphragm at a distance of 2 or 3 cm along the expected direction of length change. Fine wires from the terminals of the Hall generator are connected to an external constant-current source and to solid state circuitry which provides amplification, linearization, and temperature compensation of the output signal. Model experiments indicate that the length measurements may be accurate within 5% if the distance between the magnet and Hall generator is greater than 5 mm. With this type of transducer measurements of segmental length changes in the diaphragm of an anesthetized dog have been successfully recorded. PMID- 6618958 TI - A computerized system for densitometric analysis of the microcirculation. AB - An analytical system for measuring size, motion, and light absorption of objects in the field of a microscope is described. The design criteria have been chosen to produce a system that permits acquisition of densitometric information at a number of points within the field and permits computation of important variables from the densitometric data. Relatively simple fiber-optics systems for sampling light intensity at selected locations in the microscope field are described. Computer programs are outlined that permit computation of microvessel diameter, red cell velocity, and hemoglobin oxygen saturation. The sampling systems and programs are quite general in nature and should be applicable to other types of related measurements and computing devices. PMID- 6618959 TI - Measurement of gas viscosity. PMID- 6618960 TI - Hepatotoxicosis in neonatal foals. PMID- 6618961 TI - Dowsing for diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 6618962 TI - Immunosuppression with combined vaccines. PMID- 6618963 TI - Grass awn migration in dogs and cats. PMID- 6618964 TI - Academy of Surgical Research. PMID- 6618965 TI - Veterinary responsibilities for use of pesticides. PMID- 6618966 TI - ECG of the month. Sick sinus syndrome. PMID- 6618967 TI - Isolation of Corynebacterium suis from the prepuce of boars. AB - A survey for prevalence of Corynebacterium suis infection in boars was conducted on a Minnesota farm and at a slaughter plant. Preputial swab specimens were streaked onto Columbia colistin-nalidixic blood agar to which metronidazole (50 mg/L) had been added. Of 97 boars surveyed at a slaughterhouse, 32 (32.9%) were culture-positive, whereas 23 of 38 (60.5%) boars from 1 farm were culture positive. The lower isolation rate at a slaughterhouse was attributed to the fact that these boars ejaculated before sampling. PMID- 6618968 TI - Treatment of radial-ulnar and tibial fractures in cattle, using a modified Thomas splint-cast combination. AB - In a retrospective study involving 15 cattle, radial-ulnar or tibial fractures were repaired with a modified Thomas splint combined with plaster cast. The cattle ranged in age from 1 day to 5 years and weighed from 46 to 775 kg. Eight cattle had radial-ulnar fractures and 7 had tibial fractures. The fractures healed in 14 cattle. The most frequent long-term complication was deviation of the involved long bones after healing. The degree of deviation decreased over several months' time in most cases. Thirteen of the 14 cattle with healed fractures were used for breeding or milking and their capacity for those functions was not diminished. PMID- 6618970 TI - Serodiagnosis of western equine encephalitis virus infections: relationships of antibody titer and test to observed onset of clinical illness. AB - Sera from horses and human beings with clinically diagnosed western equine encephalitis (WEE) virus infections were tested for hemagglutination-inhibition (HI), complement-fixation (CF), and neutralizing (N) antibody to WEE virus. These tests confirmed infection in 43.8% (HI), 56.3% (CF), and 80.4% (N) of horses and 54.5% (HI), 59.1% (CF), and 77.3% (N) of human beings. Use of the N test as an adjunct to the HI and CF tests increased the likelihood of serologic confirmation to 91.7%. In both horses and human beings, N antibody increased steeply at the end of the 1st week after onset. The results suggested that the presence of a high HI, CF, and/or N antibody titer in a single serum obtained from horses during the acute phase of illness caused by WEE virus can be used as presumptive evidence for infection with this virus. PMID- 6618969 TI - Susceptibility of Bacteroides nodosus to various antimicrobial agents. AB - The susceptibility of 18 strains of Bacteroides nodosus to 21 antimicrobial agents was tested in vitro. Penicillin was the most effective antibiotic tested. Other antibiotics tested, in order of relative efficacy, were cefamandole, clindamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, sodium cefoxitin, tylosin tartrate, nitrofurazone, tinidazole, and dihydrostreptomycin sulfate. Tests of solutions of 4 antibiotics in 70% ethanol indicated that ethanol served primarily as a diluent and did not contribute substantially to the curative effect of such topical medications on foot rot lesions in sheep. Of the chemicals commonly used in foot baths for treatment of ovine foot rot, copper sulfate was most effective, followed by zinc sulfate, then formalin. Several commercial disinfectants and iodine were quite effective against B nodosus, whereas 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and 70% ethanol alone were relatively ineffective. PMID- 6618971 TI - Long-acting oxytetracycline for control of induced Pasteurella multocida rhinitis in swine. AB - A long-acting oxytetracycline formulation was evaluated for control of rhinitis induced experimentally in pigs with a capsular type A, toxin-negative, low passage strain of Pasteurella multocida. The pigs were 6 to 7 weeks old and were naturally infected with Haemophilus parasuis. The H parasuis infection was thought to predispose to establishment of P multocida in the nasal cavity. A long acting oxytetracycline formulation was given IM at the rate of 20 mg/kg, 4 times at 5-day intervals. Medication reduced (P less than 0.05) the severity of turbinate atrophy and the proportion of pigs with P multocida and H parasuis in their nasal cavities. Numbers of colonies of P multocida and H parasuis isolated were also less in medicated pigs. PMID- 6618972 TI - Factors affecting mortality in finishing pigs. AB - Two groups of finishing pigs at a test station were studied to test the effect of initial weight, weight change in the 1st week, age, breed, and distance the pig was transported on mortality. Total mortality was 5.3% in 1 group and 6.3% in the other group. Specific causes of death were pneumonia (24.7%), gastric ulceration (14.0%), enteritis (6.4%), trauma (4.3%), gastrointestinal displacement (4.3%), rectal stricture (3.2%), porcine stress syndrome (3.2%), and brain abscess (2.2%). Other categories for cause of death were miscellaneous (6.5%), and undiagnosed (31.2%). More pigs died in the last 6 weeks of the 18-week finishing period than in the 1st 6 weeks (P less than 0.05). Death rates were not significantly different between pigs that lost weight and pigs that maintained or gained weight during the 1st week after arrival at the test station. The mean transportation distance to the test station was not significantly different between pigs that died and pigs that survived. Transportation distance was not correlated with mean daily gain. The death rate was significantly (P less than 0.03) higher for Yorkshire pigs than for crossbred, Poland China, Hampshire, and Duroc pigs, and it was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher for Berkshire, Spot, and Chester White pigs than for Hampshire and Duroc pigs. PMID- 6618973 TI - Cranial tibial thrust: a primary force in the canine stifle. AB - A cranially directed force identified within the canine stifle joint was termed cranial tibial thrust. It was generated during weight bearing by tibial compression, of which the tarsal tendon of the biceps femoris is a major contributor, and by the slope of the tibial plateau, found to have a mean cranially directed inclination of 22.6 degrees. This force may be an important factor in cranial cruciate ligament rupture and in generation of cranial drawer sign. PMID- 6618974 TI - Polycythemia and cyanosis associated with hypoplastic main pulmonary segment in the bovine heart. PMID- 6618975 TI - Duodenal ulceration associated with gastrin-secreting pancreatic tumor in a cat. PMID- 6618976 TI - Ruptured pheochromocytoma in a mare with colic. PMID- 6618977 TI - Intussusception of the left dorsal colon in a horse. PMID- 6618978 TI - Long digital extensor and popliteal tendon avulsion associated with lateral patellar luxation in a dog. PMID- 6618979 TI - Papilloma-squamous cell carcinoma of the udder of a Saanen goat. PMID- 6618980 TI - Gross practice income attributable to type of animal. PMID- 6618981 TI - What is your diagnosis? Mandibular mass suggestive of neoplasia and soft tissue density in the right nasal cavity. PMID- 6618982 TI - Immunosuppression by parvovirus. PMID- 6618983 TI - Surgical correction of angular limb deformities in foals: a retrospective study. AB - The outcome of surgical treatment of angular limb deformities in 29 foals was evaluated through long-term monitoring of athletic performance. Foals were placed into 1 of 2 groups, depending on the site of the angular limb deformity. In group 1 foals, the deformity involved the carpus of distal end of the radius. In group 2 foals, the deformity involved the distal end of the 3rd metacarpal or metatarsal bone. Group 1 contained 20 foals and group 2 contained 11 foals. Two foals were in both groups. Sixteen foals in group 1 and 4 foals in group 2 progressed to some form of athletic use. The underlying reasons for the failures in both groups was poor selection of cases and inappropriate surgical treatment. PMID- 6618984 TI - Use of cloprostenol in a reproductive management system for dairy cattle. PMID- 6618985 TI - Bur buttercup poisoning of sheep. AB - Bur buttercup (Ceratocephalus testiculatus) has not been considered to be poisonous, but the sudden death loss of 150 ewes while grazing it prompted study of the plant. It was found that bur buttercup can be highly toxic to sheep, with a lethal dose being as little as 500 g of green plant for a 45-kg sheep. Clinical signs of bur buttercup poisoning are weakness, depression, diarrhea, labored breathing, anorexia, and occasional fever. Postmortem findings include inflammation and edema of the rumen; hemorrhage in the left ventricle of the heart; congestion of the lungs, liver, and kidneys; and excessive fluid in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. PMID- 6618986 TI - Management of umbilical hernias in cattle and horses. AB - The medical records of 60 cattle and 47 horses treated for umbilical hernia at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine over a 3-year period were studied retrospectively. Age, hernia size, physical signs at admission, reducibility, method of repair, prevalence, and types of complications were evaluated. Most patients were less than 6 months old, with hernias less than 10 cm long. Affected cattle had a higher prevalence of organic diseases associated with umbilical hernias and more postsurgical complications than did affected horses. PMID- 6618987 TI - Brucella ovis-induced abortion in ewes. AB - Aborted fetuses and placental tissue from ewes in 2 flocks were submitted for diagnostic examinations. Brucella ovis was isolated from fetal lung or abomasal contents, or both. Placentitis was a consistent gross lesion. Microscopic lesions included suppurative pneumonia and placentitis. PMID- 6618988 TI - Association of parturient hypocalcemia with eight periparturient disorders in Holstein cows. AB - The association between parturient hypocalcemia and 8 periparturient disorders (dystocia, retained fetal placenta, metritis, left displaced abomasum, foot problems, ketosis, mastitis, and coliform mastitis) was evaluated in 33 Holstein dairy herds (2,190 cows) that calved from March 1981 through February 1982. There were highly significant (P less than 0.0001) associations between parturient hypocalcemia and dystocia, retained fetal placenta, ketosis, and mastitis. The odds ratios (multiplicative increases in occurrence) for these associations were 6.5, 3.2, 8.9, and 8.1, respectively. There was a significantly (P less than 0.03) association between parturient paresis and coliform mastitis (odds ratio, 9.0). There was a tendency for association with left displaced abomasum (odds ratio, 3.4; P less than 0.06). PMID- 6618989 TI - Ventricular septal defects in the horse. AB - Clinical, echocardiographic, and right-side cardiac catheterization data were collected in 6 horses with ventricular septal defects. The defects were confirmed by necropsy in 5 horses. On echocardiography, the cardiac dimensions were normal in 3 horses and enlarged in 2 others. A step-up in partial oxygen pressure between right atrium and right ventricle suggested a left-to-right shunt in 3 of the 4 horses catheterized. In 1 foal, a small defect without PO2 step-up was documented by angiocardiography. The oxymetry and pressure data were compared with previous cases from the reviewed literature, and the importance of pressure measurements to rule out concomitant defects was emphasized. PMID- 6618990 TI - Seasonal variation in passive transfer of immunoglobulin G1 to newborn calves. AB - Forty-eight-hour serum concentrations of immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) were determined for 123 female calves born on 1 farm during a 12-month period and fed 2.8 L of colostrum by esophageal feeder within 2 hours of birth. Mean monthly serum IgG1 concentrations were lowest in the winter, and increased during the spring and early summer to reach their peak in September, after which they decreased. Eight of 64 calves (12.5%) born from June through October had failure of passive transer of IgG1 (serum IgG1 less than 8 mg/ml), whereas 27 of 58 (46.5%) born from November through May had failure of passive transfer. PMID- 6618991 TI - Systemic granulomatous inflammation in a horse grazing hairy vetch. PMID- 6618992 TI - Ventricular preexcitation in two horses. PMID- 6618993 TI - Cryptococcal pneumonia in a horse. PMID- 6618994 TI - De-integration and re-integration in the first two weeks of life. PMID- 6618995 TI - Tubulovasostomy in the rat. A new experimental model. AB - Tubular patency is the primary concern in the evaluation of procedures for epididymovasostomy. The epididymal lumen easily becomes occluded or obstructed, with the resulting recurrence of azoospermia. Recently, two-layer direct anastomosis has been advocated. The aim of the present study was to present an experimental model of tubulovasostomy in the rat. Microsurgery was performed in 18 rats (16-40 X magnification). Suture material used was 11/0 Vycryl or nylon for the internal layer of the anastomosis and 10/0 Ethilon for the external layer. After 6 and 12 weeks, semen samples were obtained by electroejaculation and evaluated for sperm count and motility. PMID- 6618996 TI - Testicular blood flow and fluid dynamics in monkeys with surgically induced varicoceles. AB - The blood flow rates and ability to remove an added fluid load were studied in the testes of monkeys with surgically induced varicoceles and in sham-operated control monkeys. These studies were conducted to verify a proposed mechanism by which varicocele may cause testicular and spermatogenic damage. Analyses of the data indicated that, at four months after induction, the testes of monkeys with varicocele were less able to remove a perfused fluid load and that, at five months, the blood flow was significantly less in the testes of these animals. The effects were most pronounced in the left testes of the monkeys with varicocele. Blood flow values calculated were: control, right--9.66 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1; control, left--10.42 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1; varicocele, right--7.73 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1; varicocele, left--5.04 ml X 100 g-1 X min-1. These data suggest a new theory, that increased pressure on the venous side of testicular capillary beds in subjects with varicocele may decrease blood flow and cause testicular damage. PMID- 6618997 TI - The effect of estrogen administration in vivo on the elemental composition of the intraluminal fluids of the seminiferous tubules, rete testis, and epididymis of the rat. AB - The maturation of spermatozoa in the epididymis is dependent upon the presence of androgens. This study examined the effects of androgen suppression by estradiol valerate on the elemental composition of the intraluminal fluids of the testis and epididymis. In the fluid from the caput epididymidis, the concentrations of sodium (106.1 +/- 3.4 to 182.8 +/- 16.9 mmol/1, P less than 0.01) and chloride (16.5 +/- 2.2 to 79.3 +/- 10.8 mmol/1, P less than 0.01) rose after treatment with estradiol valerate. By contrast, this treatment reduced the concentrations of phosphorus (63.7 +/- 1.6 to 47.8 +/- 3.2 mmol/1, P less than 0.01), sulfur (18.4 +/- 1.0 to 10.8 +/- 1.0 mmol/1, P less than 0.01), calcium (0.93 +/- 0.09 to 0.50 +/- 0.07 mmol/1, P less than 0.01), and magnesium (2.21 +/- 0.41 to 0.76 +/- 0.16 mmol/1, P less than 0.01). In the distal cauda epididymidis, the concentration of chloride rose after treatment with estradiol valerate (24.4 +/- 1.7 to 54.9 +/- 3.9 mmol/1, P less than 0.01), but the concentrations of the other measured elements (sodium, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur) were not altered by estrogen treatment. In rete testis fluid the concentration of phosphorus fell (2.00 +/- 0.30 to 0.67 +/- 0.12 mmol/1, P less than 0.01), while that of calcium rose (0.66 +/- 0.15 to 1.55 +/- 0.21 mmol/1, P less than 0.01). Estrogen treatment did not appear to affect the elemental composition of seminiferous tubular fluid or serum. Therefore, estradiol valerate had a marked impact on the elemental composition of luminal fluid only in the caput epididymidis--where sperm maturation is initiated--and a minor effect on that of cauda epididymidal fluid--in which mature spermatozoa are stored. PMID- 6618999 TI - The neglected laboratory test. The semen analysis. AB - Sixty-four laboratories from Connecticut, Massachusetts, and California were involved in a comparison of the types of semen analyses offered. The collected data indicate that there is a wide range of normal values for each parameter considered in a semen analysis. Very few laboratories gave simple and precise instructions for collection of the specimen. In many instances there was no record of the collection time or of the arrival time of the specimen at the laboratory. Most laboratories did not report motility or forward progression at time intervals, and abnormal morphology was not broken down according to the types of abnormalities involved. These data indicate the absolute need for adequate standardization of this important test, which is the basis upon which the clinician makes the important decision of implicating the male partner in the couple's infertility problem. PMID- 6618998 TI - Effect of (+)-gossypol on fertility in male hamsters. AB - (+)-Gossypol was isolated from the bark of Thespesia populnea and tested for its ability to inhibit the fertility of male hamsters. Male hamsters of proven fertility were treated orally for 54 days with 40 mg/kg of (+)-gossypol, 40 mg/kg of racemic gossypol, or 5% gum acacia (vehicle control) and were mated with estrous female hamsters during the fourth and seventh weeks of treatment. Both the control and the (+)-gossypol-treated animals exhibited normal fertility throughout the experiment. The racemic gossypol-treated animals were infertile when evaluated during both the fourth and seventh weeks of treatment. Morphologic examination of the testicular tissue could not explain the loss of fertility. These data demonstrate the inability of (+)gossypol to decrease male fertility and suggest that the activity of racemic gossypol may be due primarily to the presence of the (-) optical isomer. PMID- 6619000 TI - Internal and external noise in binaural detection. AB - We studied the 2IFC detectability of a 500 Hz tone masked by computer-generated maskers under the N0SII interaural condition, and under two masker conditions. In the first masker condition the maskers in the two intervals of a trial were independent of each other, and in the second masker condition the maskers were identical, although maskers varied from trial to trial. Thresholds were higher for the independent-noise condition than for the identical noise condition. These results have implications for the Theory of Binaural Interaction Based on Auditory Nerve Data (Colburn, H.S. (1977): J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 54, 1458-1470; Colburn, H.S. (1977): J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 61, 525-533). PMID- 6619001 TI - The alteration of the low frequency response of primary auditory afferents by cochlear trauma. AB - The response phase of primary auditory afferents in the first turn of the guinea pig cochlea to low frequency sinusoidal stimuli is altered by trauma to the cochlea. Loud sounds of sufficient intensity to produce temporary shifts in the thresholds of these cells at their characteristic frequency produce a reversal of the neural response from increased firing for basilar membrane displacements towards scala tympani before trauma to an increased firing towards scala vestibuli following trauma. These changes can be reversible. PMID- 6619003 TI - Multichannel electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve in man. I. Basic psychophysics. AB - Basic psychophysical measurements were obtained from three patients implanted with multichannel cochlear implants. This paper presents measurements from stimulation of a single channel at a time (either monopolar or bipolar). The shape of the threshold vs. frequency curve can be partially related to the membrane biophysics of the remaining spiral ganglion and/or dendrites. Nerve survival in the region of the electrode may produce some increase in the dynamic range on that electrode. Loudness was related to the stimulus amplitude by a power law with exponents between 1.6 and 3.4, depending on frequency. Intensity discrimination was better than for normal auditory stimulation, but not enough to offset the small dynamic range for electrical stimulation. Measures of temporal integration were comparable to normals, indicating a central mechanism that is still intact in implant patients. No frequency analysis of the electrical signal was observed. Each electrode produced a unique pitch sensation, but they were not simply related to the tonotopic position of the stimulated electrode. Pitch increased over more than 4 octaves (for one patient) as the frequency was increased from 100 to 300 Hz, but above 300 Hz no pitch change was observed. Possibly the major limitation of single channel cochlear implants is the 1-2 ms integration time (probably due to the capacitative properties of the nerve membrane which acts as a low-pass filter at 100 Hz). Another limitation of electrical stimulation is that there is no spectral analysis of the electrical waveform so that temporal waveform alone determines the effective stimulus. PMID- 6619002 TI - Effects of large brain stem lesions on the cholinergic system in the rat cochlear nucleus. AB - Large lesions were made medial to one cochlear nucleus in rats, in order to cut virtually centrifugal pathways to it. To estimate the contribution of these centrifugal pathways to cholinergic synapses in the cochlear nucleus, choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase activities were mapped, by quantitative histochemical procedures, in lesion and control side cochlear nuclei. Choline acetyltransferase activities were reduced by 85-90% in most regions of the lesion side cochlear nucleus and by 65-75% in granular regions. Acetylcholinesterase activities were reduced by 50% or less in the same regions. The choline acetyltransferase results are consistent with a conclusion that by far most cholinergic synapses in the rat cochlear nucleus derive from centrifugal pathways. Additionally, the effects of the lesions on enzyme activities in the lateral superior olivary nucleus and ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body, and in the facial, motor trigeminal, and spinal trigeminal nuclei were examined. In the lesion side facial nucleus, 60% and 40% decreases in choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase activities, respectively, were apparently consequences of facial root transection. Lesion-control enzyme activity differences in the other nuclei were much smaller. PMID- 6619004 TI - Ethacrynic acid facilitates gentamicin entry into endolymph of the rat. AB - Influence of ethacrynic acid (EA) upon gentamicin kinetics in perilymph and endolymph was studied in rats that were given a constant-infusion of gentamicin (150 micrograms/min) and EA (140 micrograms/min). Inner ear fluids and plasma were sampled up to 5 h. The purity of the endolymph was ensured by measurement of sodium and potassium concentrations. Gentamicin assay was done with a modified radioimmunoassay. Results show that EA facilitates the entry of gentamicin into endolymph, while it does not affect the kinetics of the drug in perilymph. Although the mechanism of this facilitation remains unclear, this result may account for the ototoxic potentiation reported between EA and aminoglycoside antibiotics. PMID- 6619005 TI - Maturational and degenerative processes in the organ of Corti after neonatal hypothyroidism. AB - In order to study the long-term effects of neonatal hypothyroidism on the organ of Corti, rats were given propylthiouracil (PTU) during the first 30 days after birth. Cochlear changes occurring after the cessation of antithyroid treatment were studied by both physiological (brainstem auditory evoked responses: BAERs, electrocochleography) and morphological techniques (transmission and scanning electron microscopy). The first appearance of BAERs was noted between days 37 and 45. Maturation of auditory potentials was achieved within 10-15 days but was incomplete since the animals definitely demonstrated elevated thresholds around 60-70 dB SPL. Morphological results indicated that some structures, like the inner sulcus epithelium, were able to restart maturational processes that had been interrupted during the period of hypothyroidism. However, these maturational changes were considerably limited and rapidLy accompanied by severe degenerative changes involving almost all cochlear structures. Degenerative changes included the deposition of an amorphous substance within the organ of Corti, severe alterations in pillar cells (absence of formation of the tunnel of Corti, distortion of microtubules), severe outer hair cell losses with abnormalities in their innervation (absence of development of efferents and loss of afferent dendrites). PMID- 6619006 TI - Electrochemical profile for potassium ions across the cochlear hair cell membranes of normal and noise-exposed guinea pigs. AB - The electrochemical driving force for movement of potassium ions across the hair cell membranes was determined in normal and noise-exposed guinea pigs. The measurement of the electrical potential and the potentiometric determination of K+ activity difference across the cell membranes were accomplished with double barreled K+-selective liquid membrane microelectrodes. Identification of hair cells was based on the sudden increase of the a.c. component of the receptor potential associated with the appearance of the membrane potential and an increase in K+ activity. The results suggest that K+ ions in the hair cell interior and the extracellular space of the organ of Corti are near electrochemical equilibrium. However, the electrochemical gradient for K+ between the hair cell interior and the subtectorial endolymph was very high. These findings imply that the resting potential of hair cells is mainly generated by the diffusion of K+ across the basolateral hair cell membrane and is not affected by contact of the apical cell membrane with K+-rich endolymph. Although cochlear microphonics recorded extracellularly were severely suppressed in guinea pigs exposed to broadband noise at 115 dBA for 7 days, the electrochemical profile for K+ across cell membranes of surviving hair cells did not show marked changes. The ratio of intracellular a.c. receptor potential to extracellular cochlear microphonics was much greater in surviving hair cells of noise-exposed guinea pigs. PMID- 6619007 TI - Intensity functions of single unit responses to tone in the medial geniculate body of cat. AB - Extracellular spike activity was recorded from single units in the medial geniculate body (MGB) of nitrous oxide anaesthetized cats. The responses of 291 units to tone bursts at the characteristic frequency (CF) were studied as a function of stimulus intensity, covering a range from 10 to 100 dB SPL. The proportion of MGB units characterized by a monotonic or a non-monotonic discharge rate--intensity function was 26% and 74%, respectively. In addition, changes of response latency as a function of tone levels were demonstrated to be either monotonic (38% of units) or non-monotonic (62% of units). One third Of MGB units showed a change of response pattern with increasing intensities, in similar proportion towards either prevailing excitatory or inhibitory components. The monotonic units tended to differ from non-monotonic ones in addition to their intensity function by showing shorter response latencies, a higher response probability to broad-band stimuli and simpler response patterns. The mean dynamic range of the monotonic unit population was 60 dB, with thresholds ranging from 10 to 90 dB SPL; most discharge rate--intensity functions did not saturate at sound levels of 100 dB SPL. In the population of non-monotonic units, the 'best' intensity, defined as th intensity giving the strongest response, ranged between 10 and 100 dB SPL. The present results suggest that the intensity could be signaled by the mean firing rate of a restricted population of monotonic units or place coded by the distribution of maximally activated non-monotonic units which are broadly tuned to different intensities. PMID- 6619008 TI - A comparison of an 8- versus 16-hour photoperiod during lactation on suckling frequency of the baby pig and maternal performance of the sow. AB - Seventeen crossbred sows were used in a lactation trial to compare the effects of a 16-h photoperiod with an 8-h photoperiod from d 107 of gestation to weaning at 28 d postpartum. Crossbred sows were used to compare the effects of 16-h (n = 8) and 8-h (n = 9) photoperiods on litter and maternal performance traits. Females were moved into two identical farrowing rooms under either 16- or 8-h photoperiods on d 107 of pregnancy, litters were equalized across treatments at birth and the treatments terminated at weaning on d 28 postpartum. Traits evaluated included litter size at birth and weaning, 21-d pig and litter weights, milk yields and composition on d 15, litter survival rates, suckling frequency for a 24-h period on d 13 and percentage of sows returning to estrus and days to estrus after weaning. Pigs exposed to 16 h light nursed more often (P less than .05) than pigs exposed to 8 h light over a 24-h period. This advantage was greatest during the 4-h periods of 1200 to 2000, 0000 to 0400 and 0800 to 1200 h. This difference is perhaps an explanation of why litters exposed to 16 h light weaned more (P less than .05) pigs/litter with heavier (P less than .01) 21-d litter weights. Nonsignificant advantages were also seen in milk yield and litter survival percentage. In addition, sows exposed to 16 h light had higher (P less than .05) total solids content of their milk. PMID- 6619010 TI - Breed prenatal, breed postnatal and heterosis effects for postweaning traits in swine. AB - Crossfostering techniques were used to evaluate breed prenatal, breed postnatal and heterosis effects in Duroc and Yorkshire swine. Traits analyzed for these effects were: age adjusted to 104 kg (DAYS), backfat adjusted to 104 kg (AJBF), average daily gain (ADG), weight/day of age (WDA), unadjusted backfat (BF) and weight at 154 d (WT154). Breed prenatal (genetics and prenatal maternal) effects were important for BF and WT154 (P less than .10). Pigs gestated by Duroc dams tended to be fatter and weigh more at 154 d than pigs from Yorkshire dams. Breed postnatal effects were important only for AJBF (P less than .05). Pigs reared by Duroc nurses were fatter than pigs reared by Yorkshire nurses. Prenatal dam x postnatal nurse interaction effects were important for BF (P less than .10) and AJBF (P less than .05). Heterosis values were -10.2, 8.0, 13.7, 13.6, 14.1 and 7.7% for DAYS, AJBF, ADG, WDA, WT154 and BF, respectively. Differences between purebred and crossbred pigs were larger when purebred and crossbred pigs were reared in the same litter than when reared separately. These data suggest that intra-litter competition between purebred and crossbred pigs may have a detrimental effect on postweaning growth for purebred pigs. PMID- 6619009 TI - Seasonal effects of PMSG and number of inseminations on fertility of progestogen treated sheep. AB - The influence of pregnant mares' serum gonadotropin (PMSG) on reproductive performance of sheep bred by artificial insemination (AI) was studied in the anestrous and estrous seasons. Ewes were treated with progestogen-impregnated intravaginal sponges in June and October. One-half of the ewes in each trial received PMSG at sponge removal and were inseminated 55 h after sponge removal. One-half of the ewes in each treatment group were reinseminated 5 h later. Conception rates in June and October were 82 and 87% with PMSG and 18 and 48% without PMSG, respectively. The corresponding lambing rates were 60 and 74% with PMSG and 10 and 26% without PMSG. Litter size was unaffected by season or PMSG use. Embryonic mortality estimated over both trials was 22% after the first 2 wk of pregnancy with PMSG, but was 44% when PMSG treatment was omitted. Two inseminations were not superior to one. These data indicate that irrespective of season or double insemination, PMSG improves reproductive performance of ewes bred by AI at progestogen-synchronized estrus. PMID- 6619011 TI - Growth and in vitro protein synthesis in two strains of chicks. AB - An in vitro method was used to estimate rates of skeletal muscle protein synthesis and degradation in fast (broiler) and slow (White Leghorn) growing birds. Four birds/strain were sacrificed at weekly intervals for 8 wk and biweekly thereafter to wk 14. The extensor digitalis communis, a muscle containing both red and white type fibers and the extensor carpi ulnaris, a white fiber-type muscle, were removed from the right wing and incubated in a Krebs Ringer solution that contained either 14C-tyrosine for determination of rates of protein synthesis or cycloheximide for determination of rates of protein degradation. The contralateral muscles were removed and muscle weight, length and volume recorded. Proximate analysis was conducted on the carcass and inedible portions of the birds to determine protein, fat and moisture content. Nucleic acid concentrations were measured in the wing muscles. Broilers grew more rapidly than Leghorns, with a twofold difference in body weight by wk 3 and a threefold difference by wk 8. The greater total protein deposition, with more of this protein deposited in the carcass portion than the inedible portion. White muscle had a greater growth rate than the mixed fiber type muscle. Concentrations of RNA and DNA were similar between strains. PMID- 6619012 TI - Effects of maternal dietary restriction during gestation and lactation, muscle, sex and age on various indices of skeletal muscle growth in the rat. AB - Induced impairment of growth rate and mature size in the rat was used to characterize and compare histological and biochemical indices of skeletal muscle hyperplastic and hypertrophic growth. Maternal nutritional restriction during gestation and lactation caused a 54% reduction in progeny body weight before realimentation was begun at weaning. A compensatory growth response was observed in restricted male progeny. Muscle fiber number in soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) were not different between treatments, sexes or muscles after 12 wk of realimentation. Muscle nuclei per fiber transverse section was greater in soleus than EDL, but was unaffected by early nutritional restriction or sex. Capacity for protein synthesis (RNA:DNA ratio) and translational activity per ribosome (RNA:protein ratio) were not less in restricted progeny after realimentation. Therefore, it was concluded that phenotypic expression of genetic potential for cell size, but not cell number, is affected by prenatal and early postnatal nutritional restriction that causes permanent growth impairment in the rat. The significantly greater DNA concentration in the soleus, which is also reflected in nuclear counts, and markedly different pattern of growth exhibited by it, suggest that the soleus may be atypical compared with most hind limb muscles of the rat and may not be the best model for further study of the regulation of skeletal muscle growth. PMID- 6619013 TI - Temporal patterns of growth hormone, prolactin and thyrotropin secretion in Targhee rams selected for rate and efficiency of gain. AB - Thirteen Targhee rams selected for rate and efficiency of gain for 4 yr (1.5 generations) were compared with 10 rams from a Targhee line with no selection for over 20 yr to determine if selection for these traits would be associated with changes in the secretion of growth hormone (GH), thyrotropin (TSH) and(or) prolactin (PRL). Selected rams exhibited greater birth weight, average daily gain (ADG) and feed consumed/day during a 6-wk individual feeding regimen, and exhibited greater overall ADG during a 16-wk feeding trial as compared with the unselected rams. Temporal blood plasma samples were collected at 15-min intervals for 8 h from each of the 23 rams for hormone analysis. Selected rams exhibited greater overall mean GH (6.1 +/- .4 vs 4.6 +/- .5 ng/ml), overall mean TSH (8.6 +/- 1.2 vs 6.2 +/- .7 ng/ml) and baseline mean TSH (8.0 +/- 1.1 vs 5.6 +/- .5 ng/ml) than the unselected rams. Although the adjusted GH spike amplitude value was higher in the selected line (12.1 +/- 3.0 vs 7.4 +/- .8 ng/ml), this difference was not significant. No differences were observed with any of the variables of PRL secretion. In addition, there were no significant correlations between any of the hormone variables and any of the feed or gain data. These data support the hypothesis that Targhee rams selected for rate and efficiency of gain exhibit higher plasma levels of GH and TSH than unselected rams of the same breed. PMID- 6619014 TI - The effects of level of crude protein on performance of growing boars. PMID- 6619015 TI - Plasma alkaline phosphatase as a criterion for determining biological availability of phosphorus for swine. AB - One hundred thirty-nine pigs, with an average initial weight of 15.9 kg, were used in three trials to evaluate plasma alkaline phosphatase (AP) as a criterion for estimating available P in feedstuffs for swine. The first two trials were designed to determine the effect of adding graded levels of P (as KH2PO4) to a basal diet on the AP response pattern and degree of linear fit with time. Plasma AP increased (P less than .05) with time and, when regressed on the concentration of total P (.26 to .50%), provided the best linear fit by d 14 (r = -.996). This high degree of fit was maintained through d 21 (r = -.983). The poor correlation observed at 7 d (r = -.828) indicated that the AP pattern was not fully established, whereas departure from the close association by 28 d (r = -.913) may be related to a decline in the magnitude of P deficiency with increasing weight. In a third trial, available P was determined in high moisture corn (HMC, 24.6% moisture) using both AP and bone breaking strength (BKS) as response criteria. A standard curve was established by supplementing the basal diet (.26% P, .65% Ca) with graded levels of KH2PO4. High moisture corn was substituted for dextrose on an equal dry matter basis. Blood samples were acquired on d 14 and 21 for AP analysis and pigs were killed on d 28 for determination of metatarsal BKS. Phosphorus from HMC was determined (slope-ratio technique) to be 41.3% available using BKS as the criterion (KH2PO4, r = .961; HMC, r = .994) and 43.8% when AP at 14 d was used (KH2PO4, r = -.988; HMC, r = -.999). The data indicate that AP is a sensitive index potentially useful in P availability studies. PMID- 6619016 TI - The effect of gastric loads of sugars and amino acids on milk intake of suckling pigs. AB - A 3 h fast of suckling pigs less than a week of age decreased plasma glucose (P less than .005), but did not affect plasma protein, osmolality or hematocrit. After fasting, solutions (40 ml/kg body weight) of 5% glucose, 5% fructose, 5% xylose, 5% mannitol, 5% sorbitol, 2.5% leucine, 2.5% phenylalanine (50 ml/kg), .9% NaCl, 5% lactose, 5% sucrose and a 50% egg yolk-distilled water mixture were administered by stomach tube and the piglet then returned to the sow. Weight gain was used as a measure of sow's milk intake. Milk consumption during the first 3 h after fasting was lower (P less than .05) for pigs given glucose than for sham loaded controls, but no differences were observed between glucose and mannitol or sorbitol for the same period. Mannitol and sorbitol were more effective than NaCl (P less than .01) in lowering consumption for the 3 h after loading. Also during the first hour after loading, xylose caused lower (P less than .001) food intake than glucose. Egg yolk suppressed intake in comparison to sham-loaded controls (P less than .05). D-phenylalanine suppressed intake more than L-phenylalanine (P less than .05), but no differences were observed between the D and L isomers of leucine. PMID- 6619017 TI - Inhibitory effect of the bovine conceptus on lymphocyte stimulation. AB - Experiments were conducted to determine whether the preimplantation bovine conceptus produces an immunosuppressant as measured by the inhibition of lectin induced incorporation of thymidine into lymphocytes. The results of the experiments clearly indicated that media from cultured 18-d-old embryos inhibited lectin-induced incorporation of thymidine into bovine lymphocytes. The inhibitory substance was not produced by heat-killed cells from the conceptus, was not toxic to lymphocytes, was not lectin-specific, but did act in a partially reversible manner. The inhibitor had no apparent effect on porcine lymphocytes, a moderate effect on ovine lymphocytes and a potent effect on bovine lymphocytes. The substance appeared to have a molecular weight of between 500 and 10,000 and was ether insoluble and heat stable. The possible chemical nature of the inhibitor and its potential effect on survival of the preimplantation conceptus are discussed. PMID- 6619018 TI - Site of magnesium and other macromineral absorption in steers fed high levels of potassium. AB - Six Angus x Simmental steers, surgically equipped with abomasal and ileal cannulae, were used during three metabolism trials. Steers were blocked according to weight ad were allotted to three dietary K levels (.6, 2.4 and 4.8% dry basis) for each trial with the restriction that no animal would receive the same level during two successive trials. Each trial consisted of a 5-d transition, a 10-d preliminary period, a 7-d collection of feed, feces and urine and a 6-d sampling of feed, feces and abomasal and ileal fluid. Chromic oxide (.5%) was used as an indicator to measure flow through the digestive tract. Magnesium absorption decreased linearly (P less than .05) with increasing level of dietary K. The primary site of Mg absorption was the preintestinal region followed by a net secretion into the small intestine. Preintestinal Mg absorption was decreased 39% when 4.8% K was fed. Serum Mg was lower at high levels of dietary K. Potassium absorption increased linearly when expressed as g/d and curvilinearly when expressed as percentage of intake, with increasing levels of dietary K. When .6% K was fed, the primary site of K absorption was the small intestine, but with the high levels of K, the preintestinal region was also an important site of absorption. The effect of high K level on Mg absorption in steers was similar to that observed previously in sheep. PMID- 6619019 TI - The microflora of stored coleslaw and factors affecting the growth of spoilage yeasts in coleslaw. AB - Saccharomyces dairensis and Sacch. exiguus were isolated as the spoilage flora of coleslaw stored at 5 degrees and 10 degrees C. The growth of these yeasts in mixtures of mayonnaise with vegetable was inhibited by onion. Mayonnaise alone killed the yeasts, primarily because of its content of acetic acid and this effect increased as the temperature was increased and as the pH was decreased. Addition of cabbage or carrot tissue removed the lethal effect of mayonnaise and allowed spoilage, by absorbing acetic acid and increasing the pH. PMID- 6619020 TI - The protective effect of some food ingredients on Staphylococcus aureus MF31. AB - The upper limiting temperature of growth of Staphylococcus aureus MF31 in heart infusion broth (HI) was about 44 degrees C but addition of monosodium glutamate (MSG) and soy sauce permitted the organism to grow above this temperature. This effect is similar to that of NaCl. Tomato ketchup, Worcestershire and HP sauces added to HI did not allow growth at the non-permissive temperature of 46 degrees C but death was delayed. Staphylococcus aureus died in unsupplemented chicken meat slurry at 46 degrees C but grew at 48 degrees C in slurry supplemented with 5.8% NaCl and survived incubation for 18 h at 50 degrees C in slurry supplemented with 5.8% NaCl and 5% MSG. Cultures grown at 37 degrees C had a D60 value of 2 min in 50 mmol/l Tris (pH 7.2) buffer. Cultures grown at 46 degrees C in HI containing 5.8% NaCl had a D60 value of 8 min in Tris buffer. Addition of 5.8% NaCl plus 5% MSG to the buffer increased the D60 by a factor of about 7 for both cultures. In storage experiments at room temperature, the culture grown at 37 degrees C and at 46 degrees C plus 5.8% NaCl died at about the same rate in salami. In milk powder, however, the count of 37 degrees C culture decreased from 10% g to 10(6)/g in 5 weeks while the count of 46 degrees C culture remained unchanged. In cottage cheese, freeze-dried rice and macaroni, the 37 degrees C cultures also died more rapidly. It is suggested that cultures grown at 46 degrees C plus 5.8% NaCl may be suitable for experiments with artificially contaminated foods. PMID- 6619021 TI - Pharmacokinetics of azlocillin after discontinuous intravenous administration of high dose. AB - Azlocillin, an acylureido-penicillin, is often used in severe, and sometimes in life-threatening infections because of its good therapeutic effect, even against bacteria resistant to many other agents. In these patients sometimes doses of 10 g may be administered in order to improve therapeutic efficacy. In this study the serum concentrations and urinary excretion of azlocillin were investigated in 2 volunteers and 11 patients after the intravenous injection (5 min) of 2 g followed by intravenous infusion of 8 g over 4 h. The serum concentrations increased during infusion in volunteers and patients from a median value of 180 mg/l up to 317 mg/l. After the end of infusion the median concentrations fell through 94 mg/l at 2 h, and 43 mg/l at 4 h to 11 mg/l at 6 h. The median cumulative urinary excretions in patients were 2.50 g up to 4 h, 4.51 g up to 8 h, 4.89 g up to 12 h, and 5.43 g up to 24 h after the end of infusion. The median plasma half-life calculated from the last five serum concentrations (6-10 h after start of administration) was 100 min (range 60-180 min). The study showed that using this dose and mode of administration high serum concentrations can be maintained over many hours, which would be sufficient to treat life-threatening or difficult infections. The dose interval would have to be 12 h. The local and systemic tolerability was good, as shown by the laboratory parameters measured. PMID- 6619022 TI - Pharmacokinetics and clinical aspects of azlocillin in paediatrics. AB - A pharmacokinetic and clinical study was done in 25 newborn infants suffering predominantly from pseudomonas infections treated with azlocillin. After a single iv dose of 50 mg azlocillin per kg bodyweight in biphasic concentration time course suggested an open two compartment body model. There was a rapid diffusion between the peripheral and the central compartment. The elimination half life calculated from the beta-slope was 2.5-2.6 h, and differences between premature neonates with more than 2000 g body weight and mature neonates were absent. To maintain a median steady state concentration of 50-80 mg/l in the serum 100-200 mg azlocillin/kg body weight per day must be given. Using this dosage non-linear kinetics and an accumulation of the drug would not occur. Bacteriological and clinical results confirm that in neonatal reinfection, and bronchopulmonary and local infection caused by pseudomonas strains, azlocillin has favourable properties. PMID- 6619023 TI - The use of azlocillin to treat serious infections. AB - Azlocillin, a semisynthetic ureidopenicillin that inhibits many Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and many Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to carbenicillin, was used to treat 23 episodes of infection in 20 patients. The majority of the patients had severe underlying diseases, including marked reduction in renal function in a number of the patients. Infection sites were lung, urinary tract, skin and primary bacteraemia. Seven patients had bacteraemia. Clinical cure or improvement was achieved in 87% of infections, all patients with bacteraemia due to Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia coli, Listeria spp. and Streptococcus faecalis were cured. Cure was achieved with azlocillin against carbenicillin-resistant Ps. aeruginosa infections. Serum and urine levels were easily maintained in excess of the accepted minimal inhibitory concentrations of the susceptible organism (less than or equal to 64 mg/l). Adverse effects were minor. Azlocillin was a safe, well-tolerated and effective agent to treat suspected or proven infections due to Ps. aeruginosa and other susceptible bacteria. PMID- 6619024 TI - Broad spectrum beta-lactam combinations--a new principle of antibacterial treatment. PMID- 6619025 TI - The in-vitro activity of azlocillin: a community hospital study of 1900 clinical isolates. AB - The in-vitro activity of azlocillin was evaluated against 1900 fresh clinical isolates from a 320-bed community hospital. Azlocillin inhibited over 90% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates at less than or equal to 16 mg/l; it was four fold more active than ticarcillin and 8- to 16-fold more active than carbenicillin. Against members of the Enterobacteriaceae azlocillin was less active than piperacillin but still inhibited over 90% of Klebsiella, Serratia and Proteus mirabilis at achievable blood levels (less than or equal to 64 mg/l). It was the most active agent against enterococci inhibiting 80% at less than or equal to 1 mg/l. Azlocillin will be a useful addition to the antibiotic formulary of the community hospital because of its exceptional anti-pseudomonal activity. PMID- 6619026 TI - Treatment of serious Pseudomonas infections with azlocillin. AB - Azlocillin is a semisynthetic acylureidopenicillin with increased activity against most strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It was given as the sole antibacterial agent in the treatment of 21 patients with serious pulmonary, wound, bone or joint, or urinary tract infections, endocarditis, or malignant external otitis caused by Pseudomonas sp. In preliminary in vitro tests, azlocillin inhibited 90% of 36 clinical isolates, while carbenicillin and ticarcillin inhibited only 60% and 73%, respectively. Mean MIC of azlocillin against Ps. aeruginosa isolated from the 21 study patients was 9.8 mg/l; more than 50% of the strains were inhibited by a concentration of 6.25 mg/l. Intravenous administration of the antibiotic at a mean dosage of 17 g/day for 6 to 59 days resulted in an excellent or good clinical response in 90% (19) of the patients treated. Pseudomonas sp. was eliminated from the site of infection in 67% (14) of the patients. Azlocillin therapy was well tolerated; in only two patients, both of whom had penicillin-type rashes, was it necessary to discontinue therapy. Azlocillin was a safe and effective antimicrobial agent for the treatment of serious infections caused by strains of Pseudomonas sp., primarily Ps. aeruginosa. PMID- 6619027 TI - Comparative clinical evaluation of azlocillin and gentamicin. AB - Forty-four patients with severe systemic bacterial infection were treated with azlocillin (20) or gentamicin (24). The commonest sites of infection were skin and soft tissue, lungs and bone. Thirty-eight patients had received previous antimicrobial therapy. The commonest infecting organism was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The overall response rate in the azlocillin group was cure or partial cure in 18 patients and failure in one patient, and in the gentamicin group 15 cures or partial cures and six failures. Four patients, one on azlocillin and three on gentamicin, could not be evaluated. Azlocillin was an effective and safe therapy for the treatment of Ps. aeruginosa infections. PMID- 6619028 TI - Comparison of azlocillin and ticarcillin in the treatment of urinary tract infection. AB - This prospective, controlled, randomized double blind study compared the safety and effectiveness of intravenous azlocillin at a dosage of 6 g/day in three divided doses with that of intravenous ticarcillin at 8 g/day in four divided doses for the treatment of urinary tract infections in 35 patients. The clinical and bacteriological responses among the 26 courses evaluable for drug effectiveness (13 in each group) appeared to be somewhat more favourable in the azlocillin treatment group (92.3%) than the ticarcillin group (69.2%). However, statistically, both treatment groups did not differ in a significant manner in regard to effectiveness or adverse reactions. Of the patients who were followed for relapses for three-four weeks after treatment, 66.7% of the azlocillin group and 45.5% of the ticarcillin group remained free of the original infecting organism. Local and systemic tolerance for both drugs was excellent. PMID- 6619029 TI - Azlocillin: a new broad spectrum penicillin. AB - Azlocillin is a new semisynthetic penicillin with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. Azlocillin is highly active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa including many strains that are resistant to carbenicillin and ticarcillin. Unlike many other penicillins with activity against Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas, azlocillin retains a high degree of potency against Gram-positive organisms, fastidious Gram-negative organisms, and many obligate anaerobes. Because azlocillin is susceptible to certain beta-lactamases it is not highly active against bacteria that are resistant to other penicillins and/or cephalosporins due to the production of such enzymes. Like other penicillins, azlocillin is bactericidal for susceptible strains. It also interacts synergistically with aminoglycosides against enterococci, certain Enterobacteriaceae, and Ps. aeruginosa. PMID- 6619030 TI - International clinical experience with azlocillin. AB - Clinical studies with azlocillin were conducted in North America and Europe to assess its efficacy and to monitor its safety. The results of studies from these two areas are compared retrospectively. In North America 631 multiple-dose courses were monitored, while 887 were given in Europe. The most frequently administered daily dose was 18 g in North America and 15 g in Europe. In 71% of the courses a Pseudomonas species was the causative infecting organism in the former area and 51% in the latter. Over 60% of the patients were seriously ill, and about a third were over 60 years of age. A satisfactory bacteriological response, as defined by the eradication or a marked reduction of the organism causing infection was obtained in 74% of patients in North America and in 75% in Europe. 89% of the patients in America responded clinically compared to 92% in Europe. Ps. aeruginosa was eradicated in over 70% of instances. Azlocillin, like other penicillins, possesses a low potential for toxicity. Hypersensitivity reactions and gastrointestinal effects were the most common adverse experiences. No serious problems were encountered with impairment of renal or hepatic function, or blood coagulation. Azlocillin was effective for treating serious infections caused primarily by Ps. aeruginosa. PMID- 6619031 TI - The tolerance and safety of azlocillin. AB - The safety of azlocillin was evaluated in 631 patients treated for urinary tract or systemic infections in U.S.A. clinical trials. The mean azlocillin dose was 260 mg/kg/day and the mean duration of treatment was 11.1 days. Twenty patients (3.2%) experienced adverse local reactions and 92 patients (14.6%) experienced adverse systemic reactions. In thirty-one instances (4.9%) they led to premature termination of therapy, but only 14 of 135 reactions were classified as severe. All adverse reactions were reversible if adequate follow-up was done. Hypersensitivity reactions, manifest by rash, fever or eosinophilia occurred in 4.4%, 0.3% and 1.1% respectively. Hypokalaemia was noted in only three instances (0.5%). Hepatotoxicity occurred in 1.7%, diarrhoea in 1.9% and leukopenia in 0.3%. Transient chest discomfort was seen on rapid infusion on three occasions. Overall, azlocillin appeared well tolerated, and had no evident unique toxicity. PMID- 6619032 TI - Bactericidal activity of mezlocillin and azlocillin. PMID- 6619033 TI - Evaluation of azlocillin in vitro and in discriminative animal models of infection. PMID- 6619034 TI - Clinical experience with azlocillin. AB - Mezlocillin and azlocillin are new semi-synthetic ureidopenicillins. Both possess a broad spectrum of activity in vitro. Potency of activity against Gram-positive and fastidious Gram-negative organisms and against obligate anaerobes is comparable. Mezlocillin is more active against Enterobacteriaceae while azlocillin is more potent against Pseudomonas species. Although direct comparative studies in serious Gram-negative bacillary infections have not been performed, it would appear prudent to administer mezlocillin in disease due to Enterobacteriaceae, and to prescribe azlocillin preferentially when the aetiological agent is presumed or known to be Pseudomonas. The use of azlocillin to treat serious infections with Ps. aeruginosa is described here. A variety of clinical and laboratory observations may permit implication of Pseudomonas in the aetiology of specific infections. PMID- 6619035 TI - Pharmacokinetics of azlocillin in normal renal function: single and repetitive dosing studies. AB - Systemic and urinary pharmacokinetic studies of the disposition of azlocillin were performed in seven male and six female healthy volunteers. Four separate studies identified the kinetics of the drug following a single 2, 3 or 4 g administration and during the repetitive administrations of 3 g of the drug over a five-day period. Peak plasma concentrations were 174 +/- 19 mg/l, 214 +/- 17 mg/l and 286 +/- 11 mg/l in the 2, 3 and 4 g single dose studies respectively. Trough values at 4 h post-dosing were 6 +/- 1 mg/l, 10 +/- 1 mg/l and 26 +/- 3 mg/l respectively. The plasma half-life of azlocillin was approximately 60 min. A dose-dependent phenomenon was observed. This was characterized by a slight but significant progressive increase in the plasma half-life of the drug as increasing amounts of drug were given and as the same amount was given repeatedly. No significant systemic accumulation of azlocillin was noted during the repetitive dosing study. The urinary excretion of the compound was prompt with most of the bioactive drug being eliminated in the first 4-6 h following dosing. The apparent volume of distribution of azlocillin was slightly greater than the extracellular fluid compartment. For the therapy of systemic infections in adults with normal renal function a 4 h or 6 h dosing cycle would be appropriate. PMID- 6619036 TI - Azlocillin kinetics during extracorporeal haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. AB - The kinetic disposition of azlocillin in patients with end stage renal failure was evaluated in six individuals maintained on chronic extracorporeal haemodialysis and in six individuals on peritoneal dialysis. In the absence of renal function the plasma half-life of azlocillin was extended from the normal value of approximately 60 min to 235 +/- 30 min. During peritoneal dialysis the plasma half-life was reduced to 148 +/- 15 min and during extracorporeal haemodialysis it was further reduced to 112 +/- 11 min. Azlocillin was readily dialysed during haemodialysis but its removal rate during peritoneal dialysis was substantially less. PMID- 6619037 TI - An azlocillin dosing nomogram for renal insufficiency. AB - We have developed an azlocillin dosing nomogram suitable for use in patients with various degrees of renal functional impairment. A total of 50 kinetic studies undertaken by us and an additional 60 similar kinetic investigations as reported in the literature formed the basis for the construction of our nomogram. This renal failure dosing nomogram gives immediate information to the physician who needs to give azlocillin to a patient with renal failure. PMID- 6619038 TI - Mezlocillin--a broad spectrum penicillin. An update. Based on a symposium, Dorado, Puerto Rico, 11 December 1982. PMID- 6619039 TI - Effects of mezlocillin on the pharmacokinetics of oxacillin and dicloxacillin. AB - The pharmacokinetics of oxacillin and dicloxacillin, with and without the coadministration of mezlocillin, were studied in 16 patients with normal or severely impaired renal function. After a single administration to patients in terminal renal failure a decrease in total oxacillin clearance from 279 to 159 ml/min/1.73 m2 and total dicloxacillin clearance from 249 to 43 ml/min/1.73 m2 was observed. After coadministration of mezlocillin total oxacillin clearance fell by 38% in all patients irrespective of their renal function. This was caused by a reduction in renal and non-renal elimination rather than by a change in the volume of distribution. With the exception of a minor reduction in renal excretion, the pharmacokinetics of dicloxacillin showed no significant changes. In terminal renal failure the oxacillin dose needs to be reduced by half only when combined with mezlocillin. For dicloxacillin, however, the same dosage adjustment is required irrespective of whether administration is single or combined. PMID- 6619040 TI - The effects of mezlocillin, ticarcillin and placebo on blood coagulation and bleeding time in normal volunteers. AB - Bleeding time, coagulation tests and platelet aggregation response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), epinephrine, arachidonic acid, ristocetin and collagen were determined in 18 normal male volunteers in a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled parallel study. Six subjects each received either placebo or 4.0 g of either mezlocillin or ticarcillin every 6 h for 7 days. In the placebo-treated or mezlocillin-treated groups no changes in plasma coagulation tests or bleeding time were observed. Randomly scattered decreases in platelet aggregation responses to ADP, epinephrine or arachidonic acid were noted in some subjects in both the placebo and mezlocillin groups. In contrast to these observations, in the ticarcillin treated group the bleeding time was abnormally prolonged to more than 18 min in three of six volunteers. In two of these subjects, bleeding time was prolonged after only seven ticarcillin doses (28.0 g) and in the third subject after a total of 21 doses (84.0 g). A significant decrease in platelet aggregation (P less than 0.005) induced by ADP was found in these volunteers. Although platelet aggregation response to arachidonic acid and epinephrine also appeared to be reduced in this group, correlation between increased bleeding time and abnormal platelet function was not possible because of the small number of subjects. No changes in other coagulation function were observed. The results suggest that the risk of bleeding disorder is very high with therapeutic doses of ticarcillin but not with comparable doses of mezlocillin. PMID- 6619041 TI - A comparison of the effects of mezlocillin and carbenicillin on haemostasis in volunteers. AB - Mezlocillin and carbenicillin were administered intravenously to healthy male volunteers, for six days each, in a double-blind crossover study. Tests to detect abnormalities in haemostasis were performed before, during and after administration. Platelet aggregation studies indicated that both antibiotics interfered with platelet aggregation and secretion resulting in prolonged bleeding times. The effect was dose related and rapidly reversible after discontinuation of the antibiotics. It always occurred earlier and was more profound with carbenicillin than with mezlocillin (P = 0.008). Bleeding times greater than 15 min were observed in 17% of volunteers who received 18 g/day of mezlocillin and 83% of volunteers who received 18 g/day of carbenicillin (P less than 0.05). There were no abnormalities in the coagulation cascade. The risk of acquiring an antibiotic-induced clinical bleeding disorder is lower with mezlocillin than with carbenicillin. PMID- 6619042 TI - C-reactive protein measurement: a reliable method of diagnosing and monitoring the infected newborn for the assessment of a mezlocillin therapeutic trial. AB - Clinical and bacteriological efficacy of mezlocillin was evaluated in 41 neonates (including 12 premature babies) with clinical and laboratory evidence of bacterial infection, as shown by elevated C-reactive protein serum concentrations. They received intravenous mezlocillin (80 to 100 mg/kg/dose) every 8 h for 10.4 days. The mean serum concentration (+/- S.E.M.) of mezlocillin in full-term neonates was 214 +/- 19.8 mg/l 1 h after the infusion and 52.0 +/- 9.3 mg/l prior to the next infusion. In premature neonates these mean concentrations were respectively 167 +/- 23.4 mg/l and 40.7 +/- 6.7 mg/l. The efficacy of mezlocillin was documented by the decrease in C-reactive protein serum concentrations and by improvement in clinical condition. Therapy with mezlocillin alone proved to be safe and effective when used for non-nosocomial infections during the neonatal period. PMID- 6619043 TI - The in-vitro activity of mezlocillin against community hospital isolates in comparison to other penicillins and cephalosporins. AB - The in-vitro activity of mezlocillin was evaluated against 1795 fresh clinical isolates at a 320-bed community hospital and compared with that of ticarcillin, piperacillin, cefoxitin, cefamandole, moxalactam, cefotaxime and cefoperazone. Only 25 isolates (1.4%) were highly resistant to mezlocillin (greater than 128 mg/l). The MIC 90 values were less than or equal to 32 mg/l for all species studied, including Klebsiella, but excluding Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas where the MIC 90 values were 64 mg/l. The anti-pseudomonal activity of mezlocillin was equivalent to that of ticarcillin but less than that of piperacillin, particularly at low MIC values. Against most members of the Enterobacteriaceae mezlocillin was more active than cefoxitin or cefamandole but was less active than moxalactam, cefotaxime or cefoperazone. Its activity against enterococci exceeded that of all other agents tested, inhibiting 82% of strains at an MIC value less than or equal to 1 mg/l. Because of its exceptionally broad spectrum, mezlocillin promises to be of value for the treatment of infections due to a wide variety of micro-organisms, and particularly for mixed infections due to Gram negative bacilli and enterococci. PMID- 6619044 TI - Protein binding of beta-lactams: the effects on activity and pharmacology particularly tissue penetration. I. PMID- 6619045 TI - Biliary excretion and pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone in humans. AB - Six patients, 40 to 81 years of age, requiring T-tube drainage of their common bile duct, were studied to assess the biliary tract excretion and pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone. Each patient received 2.0 g of cefoperazone iv over 15 min. Cefoperazone concentrations were determined in serum, urine and bile by means of bioassay and HPLC. The results were compared with a pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers. The mean total recovery rate of cefoperazone in urine and bile was with bioassay: 64.5 +/- 15.3% (HPLC: 62.4 +/- 15.5%) in 24 h. 18.6 +/- 14.0% (11.5 +/- 7.1%) were found in the bile and 45.9 +/- 16.2% (50.9 +/ 19.7%) in urine. Peak bile concentrations were 3642 +/- 2975 mg/l (2259 +/- 1337 mg/l) after 2-3 h. The serum levels of cefoperazone showed a slow decrease in patients with a long terminal half life (T1/2 gamma) of 380 min from 295 +/- 90 mg/l initially to 15.9 +/- 11.3 mg/l after 12 h. In normal subjects, serum concentrations decreased much faster (T1/2 gamma = 143.5 +/- 20.0 min) from 232.8 +/- 28.6 mg/l to 1.16 +/- 0.73 mg/l after 12 h. Recovery in urine was 21.4 +/- 5.6%. Using HPLC analysis, we found cefoperazone A in small concentrations in the serum and in higher concentrations in the bile and urine of the operated patients. It is debatable whether cefoperazone A is a true metabolite in vivo or a physical degradation product. PMID- 6619047 TI - Temocillin in peripheral lymph. AB - One gram of temocillin was given intravenously to five healthy volunteers to study the concentrations in serum and peripheral lymph obtained by cannulation of the lower leg. The 1 h serum level was 58.1 mg/l and the lymph level 14.3 mg/l. The mean peak lymph concentration was 30.6 mg/l and occurred between 1.5 and 2 h; the simultaneous serum level was 47.8 mg/l. The antibiotic levels in lymph were always below those in serum. The urinary recovery over 12 h was nearly 60%. The mean ratio between the areas under the concentration curves of lymph and serum was 0.558. The serum half-life was 4.9 h, the apparent beta-phase distribution volume 18.41. In comparison, the lymph half-life was 4.4 h. Protein binding appears to be of little consequence to the ability of temocillin to penetrate well into extravascular foci. PMID- 6619046 TI - Pharmacokinetics of temocillin (BRL 17421) in subjects with normal and impaired renal function. AB - The pharmacokinetics of temocillin were investigated in five normal subjects and in 20 uraemic patients. Normal subjects were given single intravenous doses of 3.75, 7.5 and 15 mg/kg of temocillin and a single intramuscular dose of 7.5 mg/kg. Patients with renal impairment were given 7.5 mg/kg of the antibiotic intravenously. A three-compartment open model was used to calculate kinetic data after iv administration. Pharmacokinetic parameters of temocillin were similar both for the three iv doses and for the im dose. The terminal serum half-lives (T1/2 beta) averaged 4.75-5.88 h. The central distribution volume (Vc) and the apparent volume of distribution (Vd area) were 0.093-0.111 and 0.268-0.303 l/kg, respectively. Renal and total body clearances were within 27.4-34.1 and 40.2-47.8 ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively. 67.4-71.5% of the dose was recovered unchanged in urine over 24 h. Intramuscular dosing of 7.5 mg/kg gave a mean peak level of 26.71 mg/l at 1.67 h. In uraemic patients, similar maximum serum concentrations were found after a single 7.5 mg/kg iv dose. The terminal half-life increased according to the degree of renal failure, from 5 h in normal subjects to about 30 h in severe uraemic patients. Renal impairment did not significantly modify Vd area, fractional clearance (Cr/GFR) and non renal clearance. 65.2% of the antibiotic was removed during haemodialysis. Dosage adjustments of temocillin in uraemic patients are proposed. PMID- 6619048 TI - The intraperitoneal penetration of temocillin. AB - The intraperitoneal penetration of temocillin was studied following a 1 g iv injection in 28 patients undergoing elective gastrointestinal surgery. Temocillin penetrated rapidly and during the first hour post administration the peritoneal level was 48% of the serum level. The mean peritoneal level of temocillin over the period of the study (3.5 h) was 49.1 mg/l. It was concluded that 1 g of temocillin twice daily would achieve sufficiently high intraperitoneal levels to inhibit susceptible pathogens. PMID- 6619049 TI - Parkinsonism associated with intraventricular amphotericin B. AB - Little information is available regarding the in-vivo effects of amphotericin B on organs other than the kidney. The increasing use of intrathecal amphotericin B has resulted in several reports of neurotoxicity associated with the drug. Development of parkinsonism following intraventricular treatment with amphotericin B for cryptococcal meningitis in a young woman suggested a direct toxic effect on nervous tissue by amphotericin B. Although transient signs of parkinsonism have been described in a patient receiving intraventricular amphotericin B, persistent parkinsonism is an unprecedented occurrence. PMID- 6619050 TI - The use of antibiotics in pregnancy. PMID- 6619051 TI - Management of infection in granulocytopenic patients. PMID- 6619052 TI - Protein binding of beta-lactams: the effects on activity and pharmacology particularly tissue penetration. II. Studies in man. PMID- 6619053 TI - Materno-fetal transfer of azlocillin. AB - We studied 20 patients to assess transfer of azlocillin to the fetus at parturition. The elimination half-life of approximately 1.3 h in these mothers was similar to that reported for normal subjects. Azlocillin quickly reached umbilical cord blood, amniotic fluid, the placenta and the urine of the neonate, achieving substantial concentrations. Azlocillin then disappeared from umbilical cord blood with an elimination half-life of 2.3 h, i.e., similar to that of the mother. At 6 h, concentrations of azlocillin were still increasing in amniotic fluid and placenta. In addition, in two stillborn infants, azlocillin was found to reach substantial concentrations in all tissues analysed except brain. Concentrations of azlocillin achieved in fetal tissues are sufficient to have important therapeutic effects. PMID- 6619054 TI - Effect of cefoperazone on faecal flora. AB - The effect of cefoperazone on the intestinal flora was investigated in 29 patients receiving the drug for 7 to 14 days. Faecal specimens were cultured quantitatively for aerobic and anaerobic micro-organisms before, during and after therapy. The cefoperazone treatment was associated with major changes in the faecal flora. There was marked suppression of enterobacteria, staphylococci, streptococci, anaerobic cocci, bacteroides, fusobacteria, bifidobacteria, eubacteria and lactobacilli. The number of enterococci increased in most patients and the number of clostridia remained constant. Eight patients had cultures positive for Clostridium difficile during or after treatment. The marked changes in the intestinal flora can have important clinical consequences. PMID- 6619055 TI - Piperacillin and tobramycin in the treatment of Pseudomonas lung infections in cystic fibrosis. AB - Fourteen children with cystic fibrosis and pulmonary lung infection due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa were treated with piperacillin (300 mg/kg/day) alone or piperacillin and tobramycin (7 mg/kg/day) iv. The outcome with respect to clinical state, chest X-ray and lung function tests was better with combination therapy than with piperacillin alone. Bacteriological response was the same with both regimens: leucocyte content of the sputum decreased, non-mucoid Ps. aeruginosa strains were eliminated, but mucoid strains were only suppressed (11 children). Peak serum levels of piperacillin averaged 102 mg/l, the overall serum elimination was 0.75 h and the mean sputum concentrations ranged from 1.07 to 2.2 mg/l. Peak serum levels of tobramycin averaged 5.15 mg/l, the half life was 1.25 h and the mean sputum concentrations ranged from 0.57 to 0.68 mg/l. The clearance of piperacillin and tobramycin was increased significantly. Drug-resistance did not develop during therapy. PMID- 6619057 TI - Unemployment and psychological distress in young people: the moderating role of employment commitment. PMID- 6619056 TI - Intestinal side effects of cefoperazone. PMID- 6619058 TI - Fluorescein fluorescence photography for the evaluation of burn injury. PMID- 6619059 TI - The last white on bluers. PMID- 6619060 TI - Fiber optic insert. PMID- 6619061 TI - Fiber optic flasher for multi-color slide exposure. PMID- 6619062 TI - Annular fog extension tube--a device for producing optically colored title slides. PMID- 6619063 TI - Starting up a photo facility. Survival through the first year of life. PMID- 6619064 TI - O.R. flash bracket--an alternative. PMID- 6619065 TI - Medical specialty journals, new and old: a survey of current periodical scientific publications on allergy and asthma. PMID- 6619066 TI - Statement on spirometry: a report of the section on respiratory pathophysiology of the American College of Chest Physicians. PMID- 6619067 TI - Testing and therapy of hypersensitivity. PMID- 6619068 TI - Familial hyperlipidemia in coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. PMID- 6619069 TI - Acupuncture: panacea or placebo? PMID- 6619070 TI - Assessment of anosmia. PMID- 6619071 TI - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (E.R.C.P.). PMID- 6619072 TI - Pyrexia, abdominal pain and splenomegaly. PMID- 6619073 TI - Idiopathic fibroblastic proliferation in coronary arteries resulting in myocardial infarction. PMID- 6619074 TI - G-6-PD deficiency and primaquine. PMID- 6619075 TI - Hemolytic anemia during the course of viral hepatitis. PMID- 6619076 TI - Taking measles vaccine to the community. PMID- 6619077 TI - 'Semantics' in diabetes mellitus: impaired glucose tolerance. PMID- 6619078 TI - Treadmill exercise testing soon after acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6619079 TI - Exercise testing: an aid to physical rehabilitation after acute myocardial infarction (experience with the first 100 cases). PMID- 6619080 TI - Peak expiratory flow rate in pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 6619082 TI - Preliminary report on a new needle for kidney and liver biopsy. PMID- 6619083 TI - Tetralogy of Fallot--anatomic profile. PMID- 6619081 TI - Study of trace elements (Zinc, Iron, Copper) and Magnesium in normal healthy population. PMID- 6619084 TI - Prazosin in hypertension associated with chronic renal failure. PMID- 6619085 TI - Irritable bowel syndrome. PMID- 6619086 TI - Systolic murmur. PMID- 6619087 TI - Vein of Galen aneurysm. PMID- 6619088 TI - Radiological diagnosis of early esophageal carcinoma. PMID- 6619089 TI - [Polyepiphyseal dysplasias]. PMID- 6619090 TI - [Computed tomography in abdominal and thoracic trauma; comparative evaluation with abdominal ultrasonography and chest radiography]. PMID- 6619092 TI - The importance of the plain film of the abdomen after phlebography of the lower extremities. PMID- 6619091 TI - Echographic pattern of medullary breast carcinoma. PMID- 6619093 TI - Differential diagnosis of ovarian benign and malignant tumors by CT. PMID- 6619094 TI - Uracil phosphoribosyltransferase from Acholeplasma laidlawii: partial purification and kinetic properties. AB - Uracil phosphoribosyltransferase was purified 34-fold from sonicated extracts of Acholeplasma laidlawii by ammonium sulfate precipitation, binding to DEAE Sephadex, Sephadex G-200 chromatography, and hydroxylapatite chromatography. The molecular weight of the enzyme by gel filtration was approximately 80,000. The pH optimum for phosphoribosylation was around 7.5, and the optimum MgCl2 concentration was 5 mM. Initial velocity studies were conducted over a wide range of both uracil and 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (P-Rib-PP) concentrations, and various equations for biomolecular reaction mechanisms were fitted to the data by nonlinear regression. When the equation for an ordered sequential mechanism was fitted to the data, the Kia thus obtained was not statistically different from zero. This is interpreted as evidence for a nonsequential ("ping pong") reaction. Graphic analysis of the data by the Hanes-Woolf linear transform supported this conclusion. The enzyme has high affinity for uracil (KmUra = 4.2 microM; KmP-Rib-PP = 66 microM), which provides supporting evidence that this activity is responsible for the incorporation of uracil and uridine into nucleotides. PMID- 6619095 TI - Uridine phosphorylase from Acholeplasma laidlawii: purification and kinetic properties. AB - Uridine phosphorylase was purified 1,370-fold from sonicated extracts of Acholeplasma laidlawii by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography, hydroxylapatite chromatography, and Sephadex G-200 fractionation. The molecular weight of the enzyme as determined by gel filtration was approximately 65,000. [U-14C]ribose-1-phosphate (Rib-1-P), prepared enzymatically from [U-14C]inosine, was utilized in initial velocity studies of uridine synthesis, which indicated a sequential reaction with a KmUra of 110 microM and a KmRib-1-P of 17 microM. The kinetics of uridine cleavage were assessed at a saturating cosubstrate concentration, resulting in a KmUrd of 170 microM and a KmPi of 120 microM. These results indicate that an intracellular flux from uracil to uridine is kinetically feasible. However, such flux would be metabolically unproductive, since the low affinity of uridine kinase (KmUrd = 3.2 mM) precludes the operation of uridine phosphorylase and uridine kinase in tandem to convert uracil to UMP. We conclude that uridine phosphorylase performs only a catabolic function in A. laidlawii. PMID- 6619096 TI - Isolation and characterization of three new classes of transformation-deficient mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae that are defective in DNA transport and genetic recombination. AB - Transformation-deficient mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae were isolated after nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis. Seventeen mutants developed normal peaks of competence, as tested by their ability to degrade one strand of donor DNA, but they yielded transformants for chromosomal point markers at efficiencies from less than 0.001 to 0.04 that of the wild type. Some of the mutants were defective in DNA uptake and are described as entry defective (Ent-). Others took up DNA in normal quantities, but they failed to give stable transformants and are described as recombination defective (Rec-). In two of the Rec- mutants, normal levels of transformation by plasmid DNA occurred; in the others, it was reduced as much as chromosomal transformation. Conjugative transfers of a chromosomal omega (cat tet) element and of the plasmid pIP501 occurred at normal levels both to and from Rec- mutants. Transfer of chloramphenicol resistance by transformation with omega (cat tet) donor DNA, however, was blocked in Rec- mutants to about the same extent as was transformation for point markers. PMID- 6619097 TI - Biosynthetic pathways in Methanospirillum hungatei as determined by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - The main metabolic pathways in Methanospirillum hungatei GP1 were followed by using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, with 13C-labeled acetate and CO2 as carbon sources. The labeling patterns found in carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, and nucleosides were consistent with the formation of pyruvate from acetate and CO2 as the first step in biosynthesis. Carbohydrates are formed by the glucogenic pathway, and no scrambling of label was observed, indicating that the oxidative or reductive pentose phosphate pathways are not functioning at significant rates. The pathways for amino acid biosynthesis are the usual ones, with the exception of that for isoleucine. The tricarboxylic acid pathway is incomplete and operates in a reductive direction to form alpha-ketoglutarate. The phytanyl chains of lipids are synthesized from acetate via mevalonic acid. PMID- 6619098 TI - Control of triglyceride synthesis by the intracellular level of long-chain acyl coenzyme A for lipid synthesis. AB - Candida lipolytica mutants defective in acyl coenzyme A synthetase I synthesized triglyceride to a markedly less extent than did the wild-type yeast, when grown on oleic acid. The synthesis of triglyceride was controlled by the level of long chain acyl coenzyme A available for lipid synthesis, whereas the synthesis of phospholipids was hardly affected. PMID- 6619099 TI - Local anesthetics block transient expression of inducible functions for transformation in Streptococcus sanguis. AB - Procaine and tetracaine reversibly inhibit transformation by preventing the transient expression of competence-specific, inducible functions, which are usually triggered in response to cellular stimulation with competence protein. Affinity studies with 14C-labeled procaine showed that the anesthetic bound to cell surface macromolecules specifically in the initiation phases of competence specific events and blocked transfer of information imparted by cellular membrane receptor(s) upon interaction with competence protein. PMID- 6619100 TI - Metabolism of biphenyl by Aspergillus toxicarius: induction of hydroxylating activity and accumulation of water-soluble conjugates. AB - Biphenyl metabolism in Aspergillus toxicarius occurs by successive hydroxylations in the 4- and 4'-positions, followed by conjugation with sulfate to produce 4 hydroxybiphenyl-O-sulfonic acid and 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl-O-sulfonic acid. The hydroxylation reactions normally occur only after a prolonged lag period after which the appearance of the monohydroxylated compound precedes the dihydroxylated compound. The accumulation of the monohydroxy compound is transient; therefore, it is an intermediate in the hydroxylating pathway. The onset of hydroxylating activity can be greatly accelerated when the culture is primed with the intermediate or product of the reaction (4-hydroxybiphenyl or 4,4' dihydroxybiphenyl) at the time of biphenyl addition; a concentration of 0.05 mg 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl per ml produces optimal induction. Water-soluble conjugates of 4-hydroxybiphenyl and 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl were found in cultures of A. toxicarius grown in the presence of biphenyl plus inducer. The conjugate was shown to be the sulfate ester; no glucuronide or other conjugate species was found in any phase of the transformation. As with hydroxylating activity, the sulfotransferase activity appeared to be induced by the products of biphenyl metabolism. PMID- 6619101 TI - Differential reactivities of fucosyl GM1 and GM1 gangliosides on rat erythrocyte membrane revealed by analysis with anti-fucosyl GM1 and GM1 antisera. AB - Rat erythrocytes contained ganglio-series gangliosides, GM1, fucosyl GM1, and GD1a, in a high concentration. The concentrations of GM1, fucosyl GM1, and GD1a in rat erythrocyte ghosts were 889.0 nmol, 470.6 nmol, and 462.0 nmol per g dry weight, respectively, and the molar ratio of lipid-bound sialic acid, cholesterol and lipid-bound phosphorus was 3.1:73.9:100.0. The reactions of fucosyl GM1 and GM1 on rat erythrocytes with rabbit anti-fucosyl GM1 and anti-GM1 antisera were measured by means of haemolysis in the presence of complement and a binding assay of antibodies with a FACS after staining erythrocytes by the indirect membrane immunofluorescence technique. When measured by ELISA, anti-fucosyl GM1 antiserum was found to react almost exclusively with fucosyl GM1 with a slight cross reaction with GM1, but anti-GM1 antiserum cross-reacted to a significant extent with asialo GM1. Rat erythrocytes were haemolyzed specifically with anti-fucosyl GM1 antiserum, but not with antisera to GM1, asialo GM1, asialo GM2, Forssman and globoside, and the haemolysis was proved to be definitely caused by the specific recognition of fucosyl GM1 on rat erythrocytes by anti-fucosyl GM1 antibody according to the haemolysis inhibition reaction using various glycosphingolipid containing liposomes as inhibitors. In addition, although the binding of anti fucosyl GM1 antibody on rat erythrocytes was clearly demonstrated with a FACS, anti-GM1 antibody did not bind. The observations that the haemolysis of rat erythrocytes and the binding of antibody to rat erythrocytes were found only with anti-fucosyl GM1 antiserum, and not with anti-GM1 antiserum, but that nevertheless the titer of anti-GM1 antiserum was higher than that of anti-fucosyl GM1 antiserum and GM1 on rat erythrocytes was more abundant in concentration than fucosyl GM1, seem to be a matter of great importance in assessing the specificity of anti-ganglioside antibody and the surface distribution of gangliosides on the cell. PMID- 6619102 TI - Rate assay for determination of serum pseudo-cholinesterase activity. AB - A simple and reproducible method for the determination of serum pseudo cholinesterase activity was developed by making use of a stable substrate, p hydroxybenzoylcholine, with p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase as a linked enzyme. The method is based on spectrophotometric measurement of the decrease of NADPH. p Hydroxybenzoate released from p-hydroxybenzoylcholine is hydroxylated by the action of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase in the presence of NADPH and O2 to produce 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate and NADP+. This method is superior to the conventional methods in that this substrate is extremely stable up to pH 9.0, which is close to the optimum pH for the assay (pH 8.0). Serum interference was resolved by the use of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase as a linked enzyme. The Km value of pseudocholinesterase for p-hydroxybenzoylcholine is 1 X 10(-5) M. The results of our method and Garry's method (Clin. Chem. 11, 91-96, 1965) correlated well (r = 0.962). The within-run and between-run C.V. values were 2.1 and 2.7, respectively. PMID- 6619103 TI - Enzymatic activity of avian egg-white lysozymes. AB - The experimental time-courses of eight avian lysozymes, seven hen-type lysozymes and one goose-type lysozyme, were measured with a substrate of chitopentaose (GlcNAc)5 at pH 5.0 and 50 degrees C. Chitooligosaccharides in the reaction mixture were analyzed by high-performance gel-filtration. From the experimental time-courses, the overall reaction rates represented by the disappearance of the initial substrate and the values of reaction parameters were estimated by computer analysis. With taking hen lysozyme as the reference, the values of reaction parameters estimated were correlated to the replaced amino acid residue in the binding site of the lysozyme, and the roles of some amino acid residues in the binding site were discussed. PMID- 6619104 TI - Kinetics of hydrolysis of Na-benzoyl-p-guanidino-L-phenylalanine p-nitroanilide by trypsin. AB - A new chromogenic substrate, Na-benzoyl-p-guanidino-L-phenylalanine p nitroanilide (Bz-GPA-pNA), was synthesized. This compound is a good substrate for bovine trypsin (Km = 1.56 X 10(-5) M, kcat = 0.081 s -1, at pH 8.2) and was hydrolyzed as fast as Na-benzoyl-L-arginine p-nitroanilide (Bz-Arg-pNA) with much the same kcat/Km values. But the values are two orders of magnitude smaller than those for ester substrates, Na-benzoyl-p-guanidino-L-phenylalanine ethyl ester (Bz-GPA-OEt) and Na-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester (Bz-Arg-OEt). Substrate activation behavior was observed on tryptic hydrolysis of this new substrate in a substrate concentration range higher than about 5.0 X 10(-4) M in analogy with the trypsin-Bz-Arg-pNA system. PMID- 6619105 TI - Studies on the chemical modification of tryptophan residues in thermolysin and in talopeptin (MKI) with N-bromosuccinimide. AB - Tryptophan residues in thermolysin (3 Trp/molecule) and in its specific inhibitor, talopeptin (1 Trp/molecule), were modified with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS). The decrease in the absorption at 280 nm and the fluorescence intensity above 310 nm (excited at 280 nm) accompanying the modification were followed by the stopped-flow method as a function of time. When the sole tryptophan residue of talopeptin was modified with NBS, its inhibitory activity against thermolysin was almost completely destroyed. For thermolysin, the decrease in molar absorptivity corresponds to the modification of one of its three tryptophan residues, and the enzyme activity does not decrease significantly with the modification (remaining activity was 96% at [NBS]/[E] = 6). The results obtained for the modification of EI complex suggested that the formation of EI complex remarkably reduces the rate constant for the modification of the tryptophan residue in talopeptin, but does not affect that of the tryptophan residue(s) in thermolysin. PMID- 6619106 TI - Purification and characterization of human pancreatic phospholipase A2 and development of a radioimmunoassay. AB - Human pancreatic phospholipase A2 was purified to homogeneity from pancreatic juice and a reliable radioimmunoassay for the enzyme was developed. The molecular weight of the enzyme as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was 14,000. Phosphatidylcholine was hydrolyzed well in an alkaline pH range, and the optimum activity was obtained at pH 9. Calcium ion was indispensable for activity. The enzyme was stable to heat treatment at 60 degrees C for 5 min. The radioimmunoassay system was highly sensitive, reproducible and specific. The dilution curves for the sera of patients with acute pancreatitis were parallel to the standard curve. In healthy individuals, serum phospholipase A2 concentrations ranged from 2.0 to 7.9 ng/ml, the average being 5.1 ng/ml (S.D.: 1.7). In patients with acute pancreatitis, significant elevations of serum phospholipase A2 contents were observed, and the highest value found was 4,000 ng/ml. PMID- 6619107 TI - Orientation of thyroid peroxidase in hog thyroid microsomes. AB - The orientation of thyroid peroxidase in hog thyroid microsomes was studied by trypsin treatment, gel filtration, binding to Concanavalin A Sepharose and iodination of thyroglobulin. Trypsin treatment of microsomes did not solubilize the thyroid peroxidase activity completely but solubilized the NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity almost completely. The apparent molecular size of thyroid peroxidase was not altered by trypsin treatment of microsomes. It was, however, decreased by the same treatment of deoxycholate-treated microsomes. On the other hand, the apparent molecular size of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase was reduced by trypsin without prior deoxycholate treatment. Thyroid peroxidase of microsomes did not bind to Concanavalin A Sepharose. Thyroglobulin added exogenously was not iodinated by microsomes, but endogenous thyroglobulin, which had been associated with microsomes, was iodinated. Similar results were obtained with rough microsomal membranes prepared from crude microsomes by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. These results suggest that thyroid peroxidase is oriented toward the luminal side of the microsomal vesicles. PMID- 6619108 TI - Purification and some properties of porcine kidney tropomyosin. AB - A tropomyosin has been purified from porcine kidney and its properties compared with those of rabbit skeletal muscle tropomyosin. Kidney tropomyosin was separated from contaminating vascular smooth muscle tropomyosin by hydroxylapatite chromatography. Kidney tropomyosin resembles tropomyosin from other non-muscle cells in regard to subunit size, mobility on SDS-polyacrylamide gels in the presence and absence of 6 M urea, amino acid composition and morphology. The binding of tropomyosin to F-actin is strongly dependent on the Mg2+ concentration. With kidney tropomyosin, binding begins at 1 mM Mg2+ and is complete at about 4-5 mM, while with muscle tropomyosin, binding is initiated at 1 mM Mg2+ and reaches saturation at 2-3 mM Mg2+. Both kidney and muscle tropomyosins bind to actin in a similar ratio of 1 tropomyosin/6-7 actin monomers at saturation. Both kidney and skeletal muscle tropomyosins prevent "severing" of F-actin filaments induced by gelsolin/villin-like protein purified from kidney. These results suggest that, in non-muscle cells, tropomyosin may protect microfilaments from Ca2+-dependent solation at the site where they may interact with myosin. PMID- 6619109 TI - Increased thermal stability of collagen in the presence of sugars and polyols. AB - The effects of sugars and polyols on the thermal denaturation temperature, Tm, of acid-soluble collagen from calf skin were studied at pH 4.0 under atmospheric pressure as well as high pressures up to 4,000 atm. Addition of these compounds invariably raised Tm with increases in their concentration over the whole range of pressure. The extent of stabilization by different sugars and polyols is discussed in terms of their different influences on the structure of water. The hydroxymethyl chain length of polyols and equatorial OH groups of the sugars were found to be decisive factors for their stabilizing effect on collagen structure. The similarity in their stabilizing effects on collagen and globular proteins suggests that our stabilization mechanism proposed for globular proteins can be essentially extended to fibrous proteins: such protein stabilization would be dominantly mediated through a preferential hydration of protein, originating in the water-structure-making character of sugars and polyols. PMID- 6619110 TI - Bindings of cobra venom phospholipases A2 to micelles of n hexadecylphosphorylcholine. AB - Bindings of cobra venom phospholipases A2 to micelles of n hexadecylphosphorylcholine were studied by the tryptophyl fluorescence method at 25 degrees C and ionic strength 0.1. The data were analyzed by assuming that the micellar surface has multiple binding sites for the enzyme and these sites are identical and mutually independent. The enzyme binding site was found to accommodate a constant number of substrate (monomer) molecules, N = 10, 5 or 13 for N. naja atra apoenzyme and its Ca2+ complex, and N. naja kaouthia apoenzyme, respectively. The binding constant of the enzymes to the micelle, Kmic = 0.18-3.1 X 10(6) M-1, was 9-160 times greater than that to the monomeric substrate, Kmon = 2 X 10(4) M-1 (Teshima et al. (1981) J. Biochem. 89, 1163-1174). This was interpreted in terms of the presence of an additional substrate-binding site in the enzyme molecule. The binding constant of the enzyme-Ca2+ complex to the micelle was smaller than that for the apoenzyme over a wide range of pH. The pH dependence of the binding constant of the apoenzyme to the micelle was well interpreted in terms of pK shifts of two ionizable groups from 5.4 to 5.53 and 7.55 to 7.95. The pH dependence curve for the Ca2+ complex, which lacked the former transition, was interpreted in terms of the pK shift of only a single ionizable group from 7.25 to 7.55. The former ionizable group was assigned as Asp 49, to which Ca2+ can coordinate, and the latter as His 48 in the active site on the basis of the reported pK values of these ionizable groups in the apoenzyme and Ca2+ complex (Teshima et al. (1981) J. Biochem. 89, 13-20 and Teshima et al. (1982) J. Biochem. 91, 1777-1788). No participation of the alpha-amino group with a pK value of 8.55 was observed. PMID- 6619111 TI - Negative ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of gangliosides and asialo gangliosides: a useful method for the structural elucidation of gangliosides and related neutral glycosphingolipids. AB - Structural elucidation, including molecular weight, carbohydrate sequence and molecular species of the ceramide portion, of gangliosides and asialo gangliosides from bovine brain, was successfully performed by negative ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (NEG-FAB-MS). Ceramide monohexoside, ceramide dihexoside, asialo GM2 (GA2) and asialo GM1 (GA1), all of which were prepared from bovine brain gangliosides by treatment with 1 M formic acid and monosialogangliosides, GM3, GM2, and GM1, were analyzed without any derivatization by NEG-FAB-MS. They clearly gave the intensive molecular ion species, (M-H)-, and the fragment ions cleaved at glycosidic linkage sequentially from the non-reducing end with or without the ceramide portion. The spectra were quite simple, easily obtained without expansion of ion intensity, and extremely useful for the structural elucidation of underivatized glycosphingolipids. PMID- 6619112 TI - The reaction of carbon monoxide with myoglobin in solution, in an amorphous state, and in crystals. AB - The stopped flow and flash photolysis methods were applied for the kinetic study of the reaction of carbon monoxide with myoglobin in solution, in an amorphous state, and in crystals. From the flash photolysis data, the reactivity of myoglobin was concluded to be essentially the same in all three states. When the reaction was started with a stopped flow apparatus, the rate became slower as the state of myoglobin was changed from solution to amorphous precipitate, and to crystals. The bigger the crystals, the slower the reaction became. Therefore, the change of the rate could be explained in terms of a diffusion layer formed on the crystals. In the reaction of crystalline myoglobin, the effective concentration of CO was increased locally by about 20 microM after flash photolysis and approached the bulk concentration during the reaction. In contrast, in the reaction of amorphous precipitate of myoglobin, such an increase in the CO concentration was apparently dispersed homogeneously just after flash photolysis. PMID- 6619113 TI - Porcine liver aminopeptidase. Further characterization of its sulfhydryl groups. AB - Porcine liver aminopeptidase was inactivated by various sulfhydryl-reactive reagents, whose inactivation rates were in the order: p chloromercuribenzoate(PCMB) greater than HgCl2 greater than 2,2'-dithiodipyridine greater than 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)(DTNB). The processes of inactivation by these reagents did not follow pseudo-first-order kinetics, and prolonged incubation did not alter the level of maximum inactivation. The substrates provided no protection against the inactivation by DTNB, and the numbers of sulfhydryl groups titrated with the reagent were not influenced by the presence or absence of puromycin (a competitive inhibitor). The modification of sulfhydryl groups caused a slight increase in the Km value for the enzyme and a significant decrease of the Vmax value. There are two ionizable groups (pKe, 6.2; 7.8 and pKes, 6.0; 7.8) in the catalytic action of the enzyme. From the pKi vs. pH profile of inhibition with PCMB, the pK value of 7.8 does not correspond to the ionization of a sulfhydryl group. The thiol-modified enzyme was activated by cobalt ion, as was the native enzyme (Kawata, S., et al. (1982) J. Biochem. 92, 1093-1101). But in contrast with the native enzyme, the thiol-modified enzyme was activated about 2.5-fold and the maximum activation remained almost constant during prolonged incubation with cobalt ion. These results suggest that the sulfhydryl groups of the enzyme are located apart from the binding site of cobalt ion and do not participate directly in the catalytic process. PMID- 6619114 TI - Partial amino terminal sequence of the precursor of mitochondrial ATPase inhibitor protein synthesized with mRNA partially purified by gel permeation chromatography. AB - Messenger RNA coding mitochondrial ATPase inhibitor protein, a small peptide comprised of 63 amino acid residues, was separated from a large quantity of mRNAs of larger molecules by high speed gel permeation chromatography. Messenger RNA coding a small stabilizing factor of inactivated F1F0-ATPase complex, which is also comprised of 63 amino acids, was recovered in the same fraction as the ATPase inhibitor, whereas mRNA for a large stabilizing factor with an apparent molecular weight of 15,000 was recovered in a fraction of slightly larger molecules. ATPase inhibitor precursor labeled with various kinds of radioactive amino acids was prepared separately by cell-free translation with the purified mRNA, and the amino terminal sequence of the precursor was examined. It was demonstrated that an extra peptide of 21 amino acid residues, including 5 leucine, 4 serine, 1 glycine, and 1 methionine residues, is located at the amino terminus of the ATPase inhibitor precursor. PMID- 6619115 TI - GQ1b, a bioactive ganglioside that exhibits novel nerve growth factor (NGF)-like activities in the two neuroblastoma cell lines. AB - To clarify the role of gangliosides in the morphological and biochemical differentiation of neuronal cell cultures, the model cell culture system represented by two neuroblastoma cell lines, GOTO and NB-1, which were established from adrenal gland and metastatic neck lymph node, respectively, was examined. We found that the total ganglioside fraction from human brain had two remarkable effects on these cell lines, which are similar to those of nerve growth factor (NGF): (a) an increase in the cell number, and (b) an increase in the neurite number and the total length of neurites. In these cases, the genuine effector in total gangliosides could not be ascribed to a possibly contaminating NGF-like protein, but rather to a particular molecular species of the gangliosides, GQ1b, which could completely replace the effector function not only qualitatively but also quantitatively. Our results provide direct evidence for the participation of gangliosides in such functions. PMID- 6619116 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of cathepsin B in degenerating rat skeletal muscle induced by a local anesthetic, bupivacaine. AB - Experimental acute degenerative changes in skeletal muscle accompanied by a drastic increase in cathepsins B&L were induced in rats by intramuscular injection of a local anesthetic, bupivacaine. Cathepsins B&L have been implicated in the rapid disappearance of muscle fibers. Degenerating muscle showed a spotty fluorescence when stained with antibodies against cathepsin B, indicating that the increased cathepsin B did not originate from the muscle itself, but from invading phagocytes. We report here results showing that cathepsin B of nonmuscle cell origin is involved in the breakdown of myofibrillar proteins in acute bupivacaine-induced muscle degeneration. PMID- 6619117 TI - Occurrence of four subunits in high molecular weight forms of polypeptide chain elongation factor 1 from wheat embryo. AB - In contrast to high molecular weight forms of elongation factor 1 (EF-1H) from animal sources which contain three subunits, EF-1a, EF-1b, and EF-1c, EF-1H from wheat embryo consisted of four subunits, EF-1a, EF-1b, EF-1b', and EF-1c, in an equimolar ratio. The molecular weights of EF-1a, EF-1b, EF-1b', and EF-1c from wheat embryo were 52,000, 29,000, 28,000, and 48,000, respectively. In the animal system, EF-1a and EF-1b correspond functionally to EF-Tu and EF-Ts, respectively. In the wheat system, however, both EF-1b and EF-1b' had the EF-Ts-like activity to stimulate EF-1a-dependent binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosomes. EF-1b and EF 1b' from wheat embryo gave 21 and 20 tryptic peptides, respectively. Twenty peptides were common. PMID- 6619118 TI - Activation of the calcium permeability of erythrocyte membranes by perfringolysin O. AB - Calcium ions inhibited perfringolysin O-induced hemolysis at a concentration lower than 1 mM, but not the hemolysis by digitonin at 10 mM. The introduction of calcium ions into ghosts inhibited the lysis more strongly than the addition of calcium ions outside ghosts. When erythrocytes were treated with perfringolysin O in the presence of 1 mM CaCl2 containing 45CaCl2, the radioactivities inside cells rapidly increased during incubation. On the other hand, when perfringolysin O-treated erythrocytes were incubated in a calcium-free medium, the erythrocytes released calcium ions at a 3.3-fold higher rate than untreated cells. These results suggested that perfringolysin O accelerated both the calcium influx into and efflux from erythrocytes. PMID- 6619119 TI - A new method for purification of anti-glycosphingolipid antibody. Avian anti hematoside (NeuGc) antibody. AB - A new method for purification of anti-glycosphingolipid antibodies had been developed. N-Glycolylneuraminyl(alpha 2-3)lactosylceramide [hematoside (NeuGc)] could be hydrophobically bound on octyl-Sepharose 4B in the presence of 0.1 M KCl. The Sepharose gel coated with hematoside (NeuGc) was used as immunoadsorbent for affinity column chromatography to purify avian anti-hematoside (NeuGc) antibody. The procedure is very simple, reproducible and applicable to purification of almost all anti-glycosphingolipid antibodies. The glycosphingolipid used for the affinity chromatography could be recovered without any destruction by successive extraction of the gel with methanol and methanol/chloroform (1:2, v/v). PMID- 6619120 TI - 1H nuclear magnetic resonance titration curves and microenvironments of aromatic residues in bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A. AB - The aromatic region of the NMR spectrum of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A was analyzed in order to clarify the nature of the microenvironments surrounding the individual histidine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine residues and the interactions with inhibitors. The NMR titration curves of ring protons of six tyrosine and three phenylalanine residues as well as four histidine residues were determined at 37 degrees C between pH 1.5 and pH 11.5 under various conditions. The titration curves were analyzed on the basis of a scheme of a simple proton dissociation sequence and the most probable values were obtained for the macroscopic pK values and intrinsic chemical shifts. The microenvironments surrounding the residues and the effects of inhibitors are discussed on the basis of these results. Based on the titration curves of ring protons, the six tyrosine residues were classified into the following four groups: (1) titratable and different chemical shifts for C(delta) and C(epsilon) protons (two tyrosine residues), (2) titratable but similar chemical shifts for C(delta) and C(epsilon) protons (two tyrosine residues), (3) not titratable and different chemical shifts for C(delta) and C(epsilon) protons (one tyrosine residues), and (4) not titratable and similar chemical shifts for C(delta) and C(epsilon) protons (one tyrosine residue). The resonance signals of ring protons were tentatively assigned to tyrosine and phenylalanine residues. The NMR titration curves of His 48 ring protons were continuous in solution containing 0.2 M sodium acetate but were discontinuous in solution containing 0.3 M NaCl because the NMR signals disappeared at pH values between 5 and 6.5. The effects of addition of formate, acetate, propionate, and ethanol were investigated in order to elucidate the mechanism of the continuity of the titration curves of His-48 in the presence of acetate ion. The NMR signal of His-48 C(2) protons was observed at pH 6 in the presence of acetate and propionate ions but was not observed in the presence of formate ion or ethanol. This indicated that both the alkyl chain and the anionic carboxylate group are necessary for the continuity of the titration curves of His 48 ring protons. Based on the results, the mechanism of the effects of acetate ion is discussed. PMID- 6619121 TI - Purification and properties of an endoribonuclease existing as a complex with inhibitor in rat liver cytosol. AB - An endoribonuclease existing as a complex with inhibitor in the cytosol of rat liver has been purified about 128,000-fold after inactivation of the inhibitor with CdCl2. The enzyme had a molecular weight of 16,000 and produced 3'-CMP via 2',3'-cyclic phosphate of cytidine from poly(C). The breakdown of poly(U) by the enzyme was less than 5% of poly(C) breakdown. Poly(A) was not hydrolyzed by the enzyme. The enzyme had a pH optimum of 7.5-8, was heat-stable and had a Km of 952 micrograms yeast RNA and a Km of 198 micrograms poly(C) per ml. The maximal velocities for yeast RNA and poly(C) degradation were 3,970 A260/min/mg protein and 1,890 A260/min/mg protein, respectively. The enzyme was slightly stimulated by polyamines or monovalent and divalent cations except Mn2+, but was inhibited by nucleoside triphosphate, poly(G) and rat liver RNase inhibitor. Inhibition of the enzyme by rat liver RNase inhibitor was not prevented by monovalent and divalent cations or polyamines, although inhibition by poly(G) was prevented by these ions. PMID- 6619122 TI - Studies on the high molecular weight form of polypeptide chain elongation factor 1 from pig liver. III. Temperature-dependent dissociation into subunits in the presence of GTP. AB - Dissociation of highly purified EF-1 alpha beta gamma (a high molecular weight form of polypeptide chain elongation factor-1) from pig liver into EF-1 alpha and EF-1 beta gamma at various temperatures was examined and the following results were obtained. (i) When dissociation of EF-1 alpha beta gamma was analyzed by gel filtration with Sephacryl S-200, it was found that in the absence of GTP, it did not dissociate at any temperature between 4 and 37 degrees C, whereas in the presence of GTP, it tended to dissociate with elevation of the temperature, and almost complete dissociation was observed at 32 degrees C. This indicated that the dissociation constant of EF-1 alpha beta gamma into EF-1 alpha and EF-1 beta gamma in the presence of GTP increased with increase in the temperature. (ii) When gel filtration was performed in the presence of both GTP and [14C]Phe-tRNA, the formation of a ternary complex of EF-1 alpha . GTP . [14C]Phe-tRNA from EF-1 alpha beta gamma was noted, and its amount was found to increase with elevation of the temperature. (iii) The amount of [14C]Phe-tRNA bound to ribosomes dependent on added EF-1 alpha beta gamma similarly increased with increase in the temperature, as in the case of ternary complex formation, whereas the binding of [14C]Phe-tRNA to ribosomes dependent on free EF-1 alpha proceeded fairly well even at 0 degrees C. From these results we concluded that among the reaction steps in the binding of [14C]Phe-tRNA to ribosomes dependent on EF-1 alpha beta gamma, dissociation of EF-1 alpha beta gamma to form EF-1 alpha . GTP and EF-1 beta gamma in the presence of GTP is the step which is strongly influenced by temperature. PMID- 6619123 TI - Inhibition of polyamine synthesis and proliferation in mouse L cells by DL-alpha hydrazino-delta-aminovaleric acid, an inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase. AB - The role of polyamine in the proliferation of cultured mouse L cells was investigated using DL-alpha-hydrazino-delta-aminovaleric acid (DL-HAVA), a potent and competitive inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase [EC 4.1.1.17]. When confluent mouse L cells were reseeded, the intracellular concentration of polyamines increased sharply, and the maximal levels of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine were 3.3, 2.2, and 1.8 times their initial values, respectively, one or two days after inoculation. DL-HAVA produced prompt depletion of the intracellular putrescine and spermidine contents and a further increase of the spermine level to 30-90% more than that of the control throughout the experiment. The total level of the three polyamines was reduced to a great extent in DL-HAVA treated cells. Concomitant with the disappearance of the two polyamines, cell proliferation, measured as the total cell number and DNA accumulation, was greatly suppressed by the inhibitor. Addition of exogenous putrescine or spermidine with or after DL-HAVA restored the inhibited cell growth in a dose dependent manner. Putrescine administered to inhibitor-treated cultures was rapidly incorporated into the cells and effectively converted to spermidine. Addition of spermidine to the culture medium also normalized the intracellular spermidine content, but the putrescine level remained unchanged. Neither cadaverine nor 1,3-diaminopropane, structural analogs of putrescine, overcame the inhibition under the same conditions. Thymidine kinase [EC 2.7.1.21] activity and the pools of triphosphates of thymidine and deoxyadenosine were appreciably reduced in DL-HAVA-treated cells, whereas DNA polymerase [EC 2.7.7.7] activity was not changed significantly. These findings suggest that spermidine might play essential roles in the metabolism of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates and growth of mouse L cells in culture. PMID- 6619124 TI - Mechanism of activation of hepatic branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase by a muscle factor. AB - We recently reported that a skeletal muscle factor specifically activates the branched-chain alpha-ketoacid (BCKA) dehydrogenase in liver mitochondria (Paul, H. S., and Adibi, S. A. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 12581-12588). The evidence suggested that the muscle factor may be a phosphatase or may stimulate the phosphatase in liver mitochondria, thus converting the inactive BCKA dehydrogenase into an active form. In the present study we have investigated these possibilities. The muscle factor did not increase the activity of BCKA dehydrogenase which was previously activated in vitro by preincubation of mitochondria or by the addition of Triton or Ca2+ to the incubation medium. The muscle factor had little or no stimulatory effect on BCKA dehydrogenase when this enzyme was activated in vivo by treatment of rats with streptozotocin or clofibrate. The addition of NaF (an inhibitor of phosphatase) to the incubation medium entirely abolished the stimulatory effect of the muscle factor on BCKA dehydrogenase. Elimination of phosphatase by partial purification of BCKA dehydrogenase resulted in loss of stimulation of the dehydrogenase by the muscle factor. These results suggest that the muscle factor activates the BCKA dehydrogenase in liver mitochondria by stimulating its associated phosphatase. PMID- 6619125 TI - Aging and 3,4-diaminopyridine alter synaptosomal calcium uptake. AB - The molecular basis of the cognitive changes that accompany aging is unknown. Since several lines of evidence suggest that senescence may alter calcium homeostasis, 45calcium uptake was determined in brain synaptosomes from aged rats. In low potassium (5 mM KCl) media, aging altered calcium influx: 104.2% (3 months), 100.0% (6 months), 76.7% (15 months), or 58.6% (27 months). In 31 mM KCl media, uptake declined with age from 106.6% (3 months) to 100.0% (6 months), 67.8% (15 months), or 45.8% (27 months). 3,4-Diaminopyridine elevated the potassium-stimulated calcium influx 2.3% (3 months), 10.2% (6 months), 31.8% (15 months), or 78.8% (27 months) when they are compared to non-drug-treated synaptosomes of the same age. The calcium that binds superficially to the plasma membrane changed as the age increased from 3 months (105.4%) to 6 months (100.0%), 15 months (116.1%), or 27 months (141.4%). 3,4-Diaminopyridine reduced this binding at 15 or 27 months to 109.3 or 121.4%, when compared to the 6 month old rats respectively. The decline in synaptosomal calcium uptake may alter neuronal metabolism which leads to the reduction in mental function that accompanies aging. PMID- 6619126 TI - A carbohydrate structural variant of MM glycoprotein (glycophorin A). AB - A variant of the MM glycoprotein (glycophorin A) was isolated from erythrocyte membranes of two individual donors, a mother (L.G.) and daughter (V.W.). This glycoprotein was found to be a carbohydrate variant in which, for both donors, certain O-glycosidically linked saccharides retained the core structure consisting of NeuAc(alpha 2,3)Gal(beta 1,3)GalNAc that is common to all O-linked saccharides of the MN glycoproteins, and, in addition, contained substituents, of varying chain lengths, on the primary carbinol of GalNAc. These saccharides were released from the polypeptide by beta-elimination in the presence of sodium borohydride, and aspects of their structure were investigated by glycosidase digestion and periodate oxidation. Thus, the smallest variant structure was deduced to be NeuAc(alpha 2,3)Gal(beta 1,3)[GlcNAc(beta 1,6)]H2GalNAc. The 6-O linked GlcNAc appears to serve as the focus of further chain elongation reactions, involving alternate additions of Gal and GlcNAc residues and leading to the formation of several homologous structures. Two such structures, NeuAc(alpha 2,3)Gal(beta 1,3)[GlcNAc(beta 1,?) Gal(beta 1,3/4)GlcNAc(beta 1,6)]H2GalNAc and NeuAc(alpha 2,3) Gal(beta 1,3)[Gal(beta 1,3/4)GlcNAc(beta 1,6)]H2GalNAc were the predominant species present. A larger saccharide was also isolated and its partial sequence was determined to be Gal(beta 1,3/4)GlcNAc(beta 1,?)[Gal(beta 1,3/4)Glc-NAc(beta 1,?)] Gal(beta 1,3/4)GlcNAc(beta 1,6)[NeuAc(alpha 2,3)Gal-(beta 1,3)]H2GalNAc. Because the peptide portion of these glycoproteins contains two methionine residues, it was possible to isolate two CNBr glycopeptides from separate regions of the molecule, and to assess the distribution of these variant structures in the polypeptide. The saccharides were linked to about 2-3 Ser and/or Thr residues in the donor LG glycoprotein and one of the attachment sites was located within the CNBr glycooctapeptide representing the NH2 terminus. Considerable heterogeneity in saccharide structure was documented for this site, and it is likely that such heterogeneity occurs also at other sites. The variant saccharides bear structural similarities to the core region of O-linked saccharides of certain blood group-active mucins and ovarian cyst secretions, and to the outer sequences of N-linked carbohydrate units (I-, i active) of the major glycoprotein of human erythrocytes, band 3. The structures of the variant saccharides suggest that they may be potential precursors of H blood group-active carbohydrates, present in varying degrees of maturity, and attached to an integral protein of erythrocytes. PMID- 6619127 TI - Structures of the oligosaccharides present at the three asparagine-linked glycosylation sites of human IgD. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of the human myeloma IgD:WAH has been determined and the sites of asparagine glycosylation identified as residues 354, 445, and 496 (Takahashi, N., Tetaert, D., Debuiere, B., Lin, L.-C., and Putnam, F. W. (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 79, 2850-2854). We have determined the structures of the oligosaccharides at each of these positions. Asn 354 bears oligosaccharides exclusively of the high mannose type containing from 5 to 9 mannose residues. Twenty per cent of the oligosaccharides at this site contain 1 glucose residue at the terminus of the branch emanating from the alpha 1 leads to 3-linked core mannose which is believed to reflect incomplete processing of the triglucosyl-high mannose oligosaccharide intermediate following transfer from dolichol to nascent peptide. Asn 445 and Asn 496 bear exclusively dibranched complex oligosaccharide structures; 30-40% of these molecules contain a bisecting GlcNAc-linked beta 1 leads to 4 to the innermost core mannose residue. At Asn 445, 40% of both the bisected and nonbisected oligosaccharides contain 1 residue of fucose on the Asn-linked GlcNAc and 50% bear a single N-acetylneuraminic acid residue. The oligosaccharides at Asn 496 are devoid of sialic acid and fucose. Thus, IgD:WAH is notable for the presence of virtually unprocessed oligosaccharide structures (glucosylated high mannose) on the same peptide backbone as extensively processed complex type molecules. The finding that each of the 3 Asn glycosylation sites of IgD:WAH bears either exclusively a complex or a high mannose type oligosaccharide indicates that there is considerable specificity in the glycosylation process. These oligosaccharides, nonetheless, display extensive microheterogeneity at each location. PMID- 6619128 TI - Structures of the O-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides of human IgD. AB - In the previous communication (Mellis, S. J., and Baenziger, J. U. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 11546-11556), the structures of the oligosaccharides present at the 3 asparagine glycosylation sites of a human IgD myeloma protein were defined. In this communication, we present the structures of the O-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides located in the hinge region of IgD:WAH. Three or four threonine residues and one serine residue in the region bear O-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides. Approximately 50% of these molecules have the structure Gal beta 1 leads to 3 GalNAc which is identical with the structure of the predominant oligosaccharide in the hinge region of human IgA1 myeloma proteins (Baenziger, J. U., and Kornfeld, S. (1974) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 7270-7281). The remainder of the oligosaccharides contain 1 or 2 residues of N-acetylneuraminic acid and have the structures NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 3Gal beta 1 leads to 3GalNAc (30%), Gal beta 1 leads to (NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 6)GalNAc (12%), and NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 3Gal beta 1 leads to 3(NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 6)GalNAc (8%). The sialylated molecules have not been encountered previously on other human immunoglobulin heavy chains. These structures, however, have been described on a number of secreted and membrane glycoproteins. Examination of oligosaccharides isolated from different subregions of the IgD hinge indicated that a specific distribution of the sialylated structures among the glycosylated amino acids of the hinge region is not likely. PMID- 6619129 TI - Biosynthesis of O-linked oligosaccharides on proteoglycans by chondrocytes from the swarm rat chondrosarcoma. AB - The core protein of proteoglycans from cartilage is substituted with glycosaminoglycans as well as N- and O-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides. We have taken advantage of the long intracellular half-life of the core protein precursor to the rat chondrosarcoma proteoglycan to study the temporal relationship between the addition of the chondroitin sulfate chains and the O linked oligosaccharides onto the core protein during the formation of the completed proteoglycan molecule. Chondrocyte cultures were pulsed on day 2 with [6-3H]glucosamine for times ranging from 30-420 min. Media and corresponding 4% zwittergent, 4 M guanidine HCl extracts were then pooled and subjected to dissociative density gradient ultracentrifugation to yield purified proteoglycan monomers which were then subjected to alkaline borohydride treatment. The released chondroitin sulfate chains were then purified by precipitation with 50% (v/v) ethanol. The O-linked oligosaccharide-alditols in the supernatant fractions were purified by molecular sieve chromatography on Bio-Gel P-6, and analyzed after digestion with alpha-neuraminidase and subsequent chromatography on Bio-Gel P-2. The different O-linked oligosaccharide-alditols were identified from their hexosamine and hexosaminitol contents. The kinetics of entry of 3H label into N acetylgalactosamine of chondroitin sulfate was indistinguishable from that into either N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosaminitol residues of the oligosaccharide-alditols, with half-times to linear incorporation of 10-17 min. These results show that initiation as well as completion of the O-linked oligosaccharides on the core protein occurs essentially at the same time that chondroitin sulfate chains are added. The results suggest that these biosynthetic processes occur in the Golgi apparatus during the last few minutes of the total intracellular dwell time (half-time of about 90 min) of the core protein acceptor. PMID- 6619130 TI - The role of arginyl residues in estrogen receptor activation and transformation. AB - Receptor-estradiol complexes (RE2) formed at 0 degree C in hypotonic buffers bind poorly to nuclei (nonactivated state); their sedimentation coefficient in low or high salt sucrose density gradients (SDG) is 8 S or 4 S, respectively (untransformed state); estradiol dissociates from untransformed RE2 at a high rate (k-1 = 0.44 min-1). Brief heating (28 degrees C, 30 min) induces activation (increased binding of RE2 to nuclei and polyanions), transformation (formation of receptor dimers which sediment at 6 S in 0.4 M KCl/borate SDG) and RE2 transition into a state from which E2 dissociates at a lower rate (k-2 = 8 X 10(-3) min-1). We have examined the role of arginyl residues in the above changes in receptor properties. It is well established (Patthy, L., and Smith, E. L. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 557-564; 565-569) that 1,2-cyclohexanedione (1,2-CHD) is a highly specific arginine-modifying agent; in borate buffer at 28 degrees C, but not at 0 degrees C, peptide arginyls are covalently modified. RE2 complexes heated in the presence of 1,2-CHD (50 mM) bind poorly to nuclei; 1,4-cyclohexamedione and 1,2 cyclohexanediol had no effect. This reagent also prevents the temperature-induced transition of RE2 into a state with slow E2 dissociation rates although it does not interfere with heat transformation (formation of 6 S dimer). Modification of heat-activated and transformed RE2 by 1,2-CHD causes a loss in receptor binding to nuclei and alters RE2 from a state with slow into a state with fast E2 dissociation rates, although the receptor remains unaltered in the transformed 6 S state. At 0 degree C, i.e. in the absence of covalent arginyl modification, 1,2 CHD promotes dissociation of the 8 S aggregate into 4.6 S subunits which bind to nuclei to the same extent as heat-transformed control RE2. Heating of the molybdate-stabilized 8 S receptor in the presence of 1,2-CHD yields a nonactivated 8 S receptor (4.6 S on high salt SDG); removal of molybdate and unreacted 1,2-CHD by gel filtration at 0 degree C followed by exposure to high ionic strength causes 8 S to 4 S dissociation; these 4 S subunits, however, do not bind to nuclei, suggesting that their nucleotropic domain was accessible to 1,2-CHD modification while the receptor was in the aggregated 8 S state. It is proposed that the nuclear binding site of the estrogen receptor contains arginyl residues. Furthermore, a distinct set of arginyl residues appears to be related to the estrogen-binding domain; its integrity is required for the heat-induced formation and maintenance of the RE2 state with slow E2 dissociation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6619131 TI - Structures of the major oligosaccharides from a human rectal adenocarcinoma glycoprotein. AB - Four oligosaccharides in the reduced form were isolated from RMG (a mucin-type glycoprotein from a human rectal adenocarcinoma). They were 1) Sia alpha s2 leads to 6GalNAc-ol; 2) Sia alpha 2 leads to 6(Gal beta 1 leads to 3)GalNAc-ol; 3) Sia alpha 2 leads to 6(GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 3)GalNAc-ol; and 4) Sia alpha 2 leads to 6(GalNAc alpha 1 leads to 3)GalNAc-ol. The amounts of oligosaccharides 1, 2, 3, and 4 corresponded to 27, 5, 11, and 8% of the total N-acetylgalactosaminitol produced on alkaline borohydride treatment of RMG. To determine the structures of oligosaccharides 2, 3, and 4, a mixture of the three was subjected to methylation analysis which revealed that the N-acetylgalactosaminitol was substituted at both C-3 and C-6 and other sugars at the nonreducing ends. Desialized oligosaccharides were prepared, and the structures were deduced by analysis of the permethylated sugars on gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Anomeric configurations were determined by exoglycosidase digestions except for galactose which was analyzed by chromium trioxide oxidation. PMID- 6619132 TI - Competing modes of peroxyacid flux through cytochrome P-450. AB - In the presence of peroxyphenylacetic acid and a hydroxylatable substrate, cytochrome P-450LM2 catalyzes two reactions which proceed concurrently, decarboxylation of the peroxyacid and hydroxylation of substrate. While the first process is definitely the result of homolytic cleavage of the peroxide O--O bond, the second may involve a different mechanistic pathway. We have undertaken to determine the relationship between these two processes through a kinetic analysis of the system. Seven different mechanistic schemes are advanced to account for the two processes. The two reactions were found to have different apparent Michaelis constants for peroxyacid and different inhibition constants for cyanide. Since the ratio of the two products is saturable at high substrate concentrations, the decarboxylation reaction can proceed from both substrate bound and substrate-free enzyme. By appropriate manipulation of the rate equations it is possible to derive expressions for the ratio of hydrogen abstraction rate constants for a series of p-substituted toluene substrates compared to toluene. The nature of the correlation of these expressions with delta in a Hammett plot allowed some of the schemes to be eliminated. After consideration of all the data, we concluded that the processes of decarboxylation and hydroxylation occur in separate pathways and do not involve any common intermediate beyond the ferric resting state of the enzyme. PMID- 6619133 TI - The conformation of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase derived from an electron density map at 5.3-A resolution. AB - A monoclinic form of crystalline porcine heart mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase has been prepared and contains two dimers in the asymmetric unit. The analysis of single crystal x-ray data shows that the two dimers are packed in the crystal lattice as a tetramer with approximate 222-point symmetry. Heavy atom derivatives using the compounds ethylmercurithiosalicylic acid and IrCl3 have been characterized and multiple isomorphous replacement methods have been used to obtain an electron density map at 5.3-A resolution. The phasing of the x-ray data was aided by including contributions from crystal forms with and without the coenzyme, NAD+. By using electron density averaging methods, the quality of the low resolution electron density map was improved to the point where it was possible to establish the overall conformation of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase. The results confirm the proposed similarities between the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic forms of the malate dehydrogenases. Studies using x ray data from the apo- and holo-forms of the enzyme describe the location of the active site as well as the arrangement of subunits in the tetrameric crystalline form of the enzyme. PMID- 6619134 TI - The effect of permeant buffers on initial ATP synthesis by chloroplasts using rapid mix-quench techniques. AB - The chemiosmotic hypothesis predicts that buffers which permeate chloroplast membranes should delay the formation of the proton gradient at the onset of illumination. If valinomycin and KCl are present to collapse the electrical potential as well, this delay should result in a lag in initial ATP synthesis. Using rapid-mix, acid-quench techniques, we have found that in light-driven ATP synthesis the permeant buffer imidazole does not increase the initial lag caused by the valinomycin-KCl pair. Similar results are obtained under methyl viologen or phenazine methosulfate/ascorbate-mediated photophosphorylation and are independent of the internal volume of the chloroplasts. Furthermore, we have observed that chloroplasts can synthesize significant amounts of ATP in darkness following an illumination period as short as 100 ms. This capacity for ATP synthesis in darkness after short pre-illumination periods is decreased in the presence of imidazole, and this may account for the apparent lags reported in earlier studies which have used rapid flash photophosphorylation in the presence of permeant buffers. The results of the present study argue that in chloroplasts, initial ATP synthesis and post-illumination ATP synthesis are driven by distinct components of the proton motive potential. PMID- 6619135 TI - 3-Mercaptopicolinate. A reversible active site inhibitor of avian liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. AB - The inhibition of chicken liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase by 3 mercaptopicolinic acid (3-MP) has been investigated. Kinetic studies show 3-MP to be a noncompetitive inhibitor relative to all substrates and to the activator, Mn2+. EPR studies demonstrate that Mn2+ binding to the enzyme is unaffected by 3 MP. Proton relaxation rate studies demonstrate that 3-MP binds to the binary E X Mn complex with a KD of 0.5 X 10(-6) M and gives a ternary enhancement of 8.0. Additional proton relaxation rate studies detected formation of the quaternary complexes E X Mn X IDP X 3-MP, E X Mn X ITP X 3-MP, and E X Mn X CO2 X 3-MP. High resolution 1H nuclear relaxation rate studies suggest that 3-MP binds in close proximity to the activator cation, Mn2+, but not in the first coordination sphere. Active site models suggest that the 3-MP-binding site may partially overlap the phosphoenolpyruvate-binding site. The NMR studies, which detected formation of the quaternary E X Mn X 3-MP X phosphoenolpyruvate complex, also demonstrated that the binding of one of these ligands affects the interactions of the other ligand with E X Mn. Calorimetric studies of the E X Mn complex demonstrated that 3-MP causes an increase in the transition temperature midpoint without an increase in enthalpy. These results indicate that 3-MP causes a conformational change in the enzyme but does not increase the thermostability of the ternary complex. The experiments reported herein suggest that inhibition by 3 MP is due to specific and reversible binding within the active site of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. PMID- 6619137 TI - ATP-driven proton fluxes across membranes of secretory organelles. AB - The ATP-dependent proton uptake by chromaffin granule membranes, lysosomes, and synaptosomes was examined. In synaptosomes the reaction was absolutely dependent on the presence of chloride, while in chromaffin granules chloride had a profound effect and in lysosomes only a minor effect. The presence of chloride markedly increases the rate of collapse of delta pH by carbonyl cyanide p trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone in all three organelles. Ascorbate with phenazine methosulfate uncoupled the ATP-dependent proton uptake by chromaffin granules, but had no effect on lysosomes and synaptosomes. Proton uptake by submitochondrial particles was about 50-fold more sensitive to dicyclohexylcarbodiimide than the proton uptake by chromaffin granule membranes. Chromaffin granule membranes were treated with 2 M sodium bromide to inactivate the mitochondrial ATPase. The treatment caused a complete inhibition of the ATP dependent proton uptake. Solubilization of these membranes by sodium cholate, followed by reconstitution by cholate dilution revealed the ATP-dependent proton uptake of the system. It is concluded that the genuine ATPase enzyme of chromaffin granules is a proton translocator. PMID- 6619136 TI - Preliminary characterization of an endogenous inhibitor of [3H]estradiol binding in rat uterine nuclei. AB - The rat uterus contains two classes of specific nuclear estrogen-binding sites which may be involved in estrogen action. Type I sites represent the classical estrogen receptor (Kd = 1 nM) and type II sites (Kd = 10-20 nM) are stimulated in the nucleus by estrogen under conditions which cause uterine hyperplasia. Dilution of uterine nuclear fractions from estrogen treated rats prior to quantitation of estrogen binding sites by [3H]estradiol exchange results in an increase (3- to 4-fold) in the measurable quantities of the type II site. Estimates of type I sites are not affected by dilution. These increases in type II sites following nuclear dilution occur independently of protein concentration and result from the dilution of a specific endogeneous inhibitor of [3H]estradiol binding to these sites. The inhibitor activity is present in cytosol preparations from rat uterus, spleen, diaphragm, skeletal muscle, and serum. Preliminary characterization of the inhibitor activity by Sephadex G-25 chromatography shows two distinct peaks which are similar in molecular weight (300). These components (alpha and beta) can be separated on LH-20 chromatography since the beta-peak component is preferentially retained on this lipophilic resin. Partial purification of the LH-20 beta inhibitor component by high performance liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis suggests the putative inhibitor activity is not steroidal in nature and consists of two very similar phenanthrene-like molecules (molecular weights 302 and 304). Analysis of cytosol preparations on LH-20 chromatography shows that non neoplastic tissues (uterus, liver, lactating mammary gland) contain both and inhibitor components whereas estrogen-induced rat mammary tumors contain very low to nonmeasurable quantities of the beta-peak inhibitor activity. PMID- 6619138 TI - Effect of membrane sterol content on the susceptibility of phospholipids to phospholipase A2. AB - The effects of membrane sterol level on the susceptibility of LM cell plasma membranes to exogenous phospholipases A2 has been investigated. Isolated plasma membranes, containing normal or decreased sterol content, were prepared from mutant LM cell sterol auxotrophs. beta-Bungarotoxin-catalyzed hydrolysis of both endogenous phospholipids and phospholipids introduced into the membranes with beef liver phospholipid exchange proteins was monitored. In both cases, phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were degraded at similar rates in normal membranes, while PC hydrolysis was specifically accelerated in sterol-depleted membranes. Additional data suggest that this preferential hydrolysis of PC is not a consequence of the phospholipid head group specificity of the phospholipase, nor of a difference in the accessibility of PC versus PE to the enzyme. Analysis of the reaction products formed during treatment of isolated membranes with phospholipase A2 showed almost no accumulation of lysophospholipids. This was found to be due to highly active lysophospholipase(s), present in LM cell plasma membranes, acting on the lysophospholipids formed by phospholipase A2 action. A soluble phospholipase A2 was partially purified from LM cells and found to behave as beta-bungarotoxin with regard to membrane sterol content. These results demonstrate that the nature of phospholipid hydrolysis, catalyzed by phospholipase A2, can be significantly affected by membrane lipid composition. PMID- 6619139 TI - Subunit dimers in sheep spleen apoferritin. The effect on iron storage. AB - Ferritin with high and low iron content, 2000 and 790 iron atoms/molecule, was isolated from the spleens of copper-poisoned and control lambs, respectively. Differences in the iron content in vivo were reflected in the properties of the apoferritin protein shells, since the apoprotein from the low iron ferritin took up iron relatively more slowly (0.52 +/- 0.09) and released it more rapidly (1.68 +/- 0.06) in vitro. Although the two types of apoferritin were indistinguishable in terms of surface charge (pI range 4.98-5.43) and in consisting of both heavy and light subunits, the subunit interactions differed markedly; 40-50% of the subunits of low iron ferritin were in dimers stable to reduction and carboxylmethylation, 4% mercaptoethanol, 8% sodium dodecyl sulfate, and 100 degrees C for 30 min, 70% formic acid, and 30% methanol. Subunit dimers were also observed in liver ferritin from mouse and neonatal pig and were enriched in a low iron fraction of horse spleen ferritin. Based on cyanogen bromide fragmentation and NH2-terminal analysis, the natural and chemically cross-linked subunit dimers had two peptides in common; natural subunit dimers also appeared to have a second region cross-linked, suggesting the possibility of both intra- and intersubunit links in the natural dimers. In sheep spleen ferritin, both heavy and light subunits appeared to participate in subunit dimerization. Natural subunit dimers were enriched in low iron ferritin fractions of all ferritin preparations tested (linear correlation = 0.94) and can explain, at least in part, the previously observed effects of iron core size on the apoferritin shell. Whether the subunit cross-links represent part of the subunit assembly process subsequently cleaved by iron (or copper) or whether the cross-links form after iron core formation in vivo has yet to determined. In either case, it is clear that such post translational variations can affect iron uptake and release and emphasize the importance of the protein shell in determining the iron storage properties of ferritin. PMID- 6619140 TI - Testosterone metabolism by cytochrome P-450 isozymes RLM3 and RLM5 and by microsomes. Metabolite identification. AB - Testosterone metabolism by cytochrome P-450 isozymes RLM3 and RLM5 in a reconstituted system and by rat liver microsomes was examined. Eleven metabolites were detected. Two of these, found in spots 2 and 4 of a thin layer plate, were only formed by the rat liver microsomes and may represent reductive metabolites of testosterone. A number of monohydroxy metabolites were conclusively identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. These include the 2-, 6 beta-, 7 alpha-, and 16 alpha-hydroxy isomers. Liver microsomes formed the 2 alpha- and 2 beta epimers in a 1:2 ratio and both co-chromatographed with a third reduced metabolite in thin layer plate spot 4. In contrast with RLM5 about 90% of the 2 hydroxy isomer was the 2 alpha-epimer. RLM3 did not perform the 2-hydroxylation in detectable amounts. The 6 beta-isomer was a major metabolite of RLM3 and microsomes, but a minor product of metabolism by RLM5. In contrast, the 7 alpha isomer was a minor metabolite of RLM3, was not formed by RLM5, and was a major microsomal metabolite. Hydroxylation at position 16 alpha was a major activity of RLM5 and the heterogeneous microsomal cytochromes, but with RLM3 it was a minor reaction. One new metabolite was found which appeared to be hydroxylated in the D ring, had a mass spectrum different from both 16 alpha- and 16 beta hydroxytestosterone, and was tentatively identified as a 15-hydroxy isomer. In agreement with the literature, androstene-3,17-dione was found to be an oxidative metabolite of testosterone by both microsomes and purified cytochrome P-450. It was a major metabolite of RLM5 but was not produced by RLM3. Studies with 18O2 and H218O conclusively show that oxidation of testosterone at C-17 does not involve transient incorporation of an oxygen atom in this position. A mechanism is suggested whereby cytochrome P-450 acts as a peroxidase in the formation of androstenedione. PMID- 6619141 TI - Inter-relationship of lipids transferred by the lipid-transfer protein isolated from human lipoprotein-deficient plasma. AB - In a previous study we demonstrated that highly purified lipid-transfer protein facilitated the transfer of triglyceride, cholesteryl ester, and phosphatidylcholine between plasma lipoproteins. It remained unclear, however, whether these lipids were transferred by independent sites on the lipid-transfer protein. To address this point, we have studied the protein-mediated transfer of triglyceride, cholesteryl ester, and phosphatidylcholine as a function of the concentration and lipid composition of donor and acceptor lipoproteins. Lipoproteins labeled in vitro, reconstituted lipoproteins of defined lipid composition, and phosphatidylcholine liposomes with or without triglyceride and/or cholesteryl ester have been used to investigate the inter-relationships of lipids transferred by the lipid-transfer protein. In studies of initial (less than or equal to 10-13%) transfer, we found that, although absolute transfer rates were affected, the ratio of cholesteryl ester to triglyceride transferred was independent of donor and acceptor lipoprotein concentrations and acceptor lipoprotein lipid composition. With reconstituted lipoproteins as donor, we demonstrated that this ratio was linearly related to the ratio of cholesteryl ester to triglyceride in the donor particle; the sum of triglyceride and cholesteryl ester transferred remained constant and independent of the lipid composition of the donor. Experiments with intact lipoproteins labeled in vitro and with small unilamellar vesicles in the presence and absence of p chloromercuriphenylsulfonate, confirmed the interdependence of triglyceride and cholesteryl ester transfer. In contrast, under all assay conditions, no correlation was found between the amount of phosphatidylcholine transferred and the transfer of triglyceride and/or cholesteryl ester. We conclude that triglyceride and cholesteryl ester compete for transfer and that the extent of transfer for each lipid is determined by its relative concentration in the donor particle, whereas phosphatidylcholine transfer is independent of triglyceride and cholesteryl ester transfer. The data also strongly support the conclusion that lipid transfer protein promotes both the exchange and net transfer of triglyceride and cholesteryl ester and that the net transfer process proceeds by a reciprocal exchange of triglyceride and cholesteryl ester without net transfer of core lipid between lipoproteins. PMID- 6619142 TI - Catalytic and structural properties of trypsin-treated 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase. AB - 4-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.19, 4 aminobutyrate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase) is cleaved by trypsin, yielding an enzymatically active species which can be separated from the split peptides by gel filtration. The shortened enzyme derivative gives one band (Mr = 95,000) on polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. Changes in protein conformation induced by tryptic digestion were studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. The native enzyme tagged with the chromophore fluorescein yields a rotational relaxation time of 106 ns, whereas the trypsin-digested enzyme gives a rotational relaxation time of 33 ns. The decrease in rotational relaxation time is attributed to flexibility of the polypeptide chain with enhanced rotational freedom of the probe covalently linked to one thiol group. The reactivity of sulfhydryl groups toward 5,5'-dithiobis(2 nitrobenzoic acid) is also affected by trypsin cleavage. More--SH groups (2.6/dimer) become reactive toward 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) as a result of trypsin digestion. Local conformational fluctuations are induced as a result of tryptic cleavage, but the catalytic sites remain intact. The peptides released from 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase were characterized by fingerprint analysis and their amino acid composition determined. PMID- 6619143 TI - [3H]bumetanide binding to membranes isolated from dog kidney outer medulla. Relationship to the Na,K,Cl co-transport system. AB - We have synthesized the radiolabeled "loop" diuretics [3H]bumetanide and [3H]benzmetanide (3-benzylamino-4-phenoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid) and have tested their potential as reversible labels of the Na,K,Cl co-transport system. These compounds bind with high affinity (Kd less than or equal to 30 nM, under optimal conditions) to membranes isolated from dog kidney; we found approximately 2 pmol/mg of sites in crude membranes from the outer medulla, and less than or equal to 0.5 pmol/mg in a similar preparation from kidney cortex. On sucrose gradient centrifugation, a peak of [3H]bumetanide binding activity (30 pmol/mg) is obtained at 37% (w/v) sucrose, distinct from the basolateral membranes in outer medulla and from brush borders in proximal tubule; our hypothesis is that this peak contains luminal membranes from the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. [3H]Bumetanide is displaced from its binding sites by various unlabeled loop diuretics at concentrations that have previously been shown to inhibit co transport. Na+, K+, and Cl- (K1/2 congruent to 2, 1, and 1 mM, respectively) are required for [3H]bumetanide binding, and Cl- inhibits at higher concentrations. We interpret these data to demonstrate that the Na,K,Cl cotransport system is the site involved in [3H]bumetanide binding in kidney membranes. PMID- 6619144 TI - Continuous estrogen exposure in the rat does not induce loss of uterine estrogen receptor. AB - Cytosol estrogen receptor (ERc) and nuclear estrogen receptor (ERN) levels were investigated in rat uteri under different conditions of hormonal exposure. The amount of directly assayable receptor was closely related to the serum concentration of 17 beta-[2,4,6,7-3H] estradiol ( [3H]E2). A double injection technique was established to maintain serum levels of [3H]E2 which were sufficient to saturate receptor sites. Under these conditions, stable ERC and ERN levels are maintained throughout the study period. 30% of the total ER remains cytoplasmic in localization despite continuous hormonal exposure. Properties of ERC and ERN after 6 h of continuous hormonal exposure were investigated and found to be different from receptors found in these subcellular compartments 30 min after hormone injections. ERC from uteri 30 min after injection showed a faster sedimentation coefficient than ERC prepared 6 h after hormone treatment. ERC after 6 h of hormonal exposure showed a reduction of binding to calf thymus DNA adsorbed on cellulose in a cell-free system. ERC 30 min after [3H]E2 treatment had a biphasic dissociation pattern consistent with two different receptor populations, whereas uterine ERC obtained after 6 h of in vivo exposure to estradiol showed virtually no dissociation at 22 and 28 degrees C. In contrast to ERC, ERN 6 h after hormone injection sedimented faster than ERN obtained 30 min after treatment. KCl extractable ERN obtained either at 30 min or 6 h posthormone treatment showed biphasic dissociation kinetics at 22 and 28 degrees C, whereas KCl nonextractable ERN showed virtually no dissociation. Virtually all of the specifically bound ligand in cytosol and nuclear preparations was proven to be authentic E2. We conclude that total cellular receptor is quantitatively conserved during 6 h of continuous hormonal treatment. Nuclear receptor loss is not a requisite for receptor-mediated steroid function, although important time dependent changes in receptor properties in both cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments do occur. PMID- 6619145 TI - Characteristics of different cytoplasmic and nuclear estrogen receptors appearing with continuous hormonal exposure. AB - Biochemical properties of cytosol estrogen receptor (ERC) and nuclear estrogen receptor (ERN) from rat uteri continuously exposed in vivo to 17 beta-[2,4,6,7 3H] estradiol ( [3H]E2) for 6 h have been studied on the basis of immunological recognition and chromatographic elution patterns. Overall concentrations of ERC and ERN did not change during this time period when receptor-saturating concentrations of [3H]E2 were maintained (Jakesz, R., Kasid, A., and Lippman, M. E. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 11798-11806); however, biochemical characteristics were different in ERC and ERN after short or long term hormonal exposure. When ERC from rats treated with estradiol for 30 min was applied to HAP or DEAE columns, two different ER binding components were seen. DNA binding in a cell free system revealed that these binding components represented an activated and a nonactivated ERC population. After long term hormonal exposure (6 h), only one component of ERC with low DNA binding could be shown despite the preservation of an equivalent quantity of cytoplasmic binding activity. This binder does not react with a monoclonal antibody directed against extranuclear estrogen receptor species. These data suggest disappearance of the activated ERC population, with appearance of a new, immunologically nonrecognizable ERC species with 6 h of continuous hormonal exposure. Elution profiles of ERN on HAP chromatography reveal 2 different binding components at 30 min and at 6 h of continuous [3H]E2 exposure. There is an increase of the population eluted at higher molarity after 6 h of in vivo treatment. This later eluting binding component is the major DNA binder in vitro. ERN from both time points are recognized immunologically by monoclonal antibody. After reaction with the antibody, the sedimentation coefficient shifted to 8-9 S on sucrose gradients, but the previously described faster sedimentation of ERN extracted 6 h after injection persisted. We conclude that ER in both cellular compartments undergoes time-dependent alterations, which may be involved in the initiation of hormone action. PMID- 6619146 TI - Proteolipid formation in Mycoplasma capricolum. Influence of cholesterol on unsaturated fatty acid acylation of membrane proteins. AB - Mycoplasma capricolum, a procaryotic sterol and fatty acid auxotroph was grown on media supplemented with [3H]palmitate or [3H]oleate. The isolated bacterial membranes were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Of the more than 50 membrane polypeptides revealed by Coomassie blue staining, approximately 25 were labeled with [3H]palmitate and only about 6 were labeled with [3H]oleate. Exhaustive delipidation of the membranes with chloroform:methanol did not alter the labeling pattern. Treatment of delipidated membranes by mild alkaline hydrolysis released up to 71% of the [3H]palmitate and 93% of the [3H]oleate. The data suggest that numerous membrane proteins of M. capricolum are covalently modified by acylation with saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Cerulenin, a specific inhibitor of fatty acid synthesis had no effect on the labeling of mycoplasma membrane proteins by either [3H]palmitate or [3H]oleate. A small amount of membrane-associated cholesterol previously shown to stimulate sequentially the synthesis of unsaturated phospholipid, RNA, and protein (Dahl, J. S., and Dahl, C. E. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 692-696) specifically enhances the acylation of certain proteolipids by oleate but not by palmitate. PMID- 6619147 TI - Multiple parameter kinetic studies of the oxidative folding of reduced lysozyme. AB - We have compared the oxidative renaturation of reduced hen egg white lysozyme promoted by Cu(II) + O2 with that promoted by a glutathione redox buffer. The progress curves for protein fluorescence, circular dicroism, thiol oxidation, hydrodynamic volume, and enzymic activity were determined for both regeneration systems. All of these processes were more rapid in the glutathione regeneration than in the copper-catalyzed. Comparison of the two systems was carried out by normalizing the progress curves with a coordinate system where "time" is replaced by "extent of protein thiol oxidation." While similar progress curves were obtained for circular dichroism, the two systems produced distinctly different progress curves for enzymic activity, fluorescence, and gel permeation chromatographic reflection of protein hydrodynamic volume. We infer that all these differences result from differences in relative amounts and/or kind of reaction intermediates. Thus, there are substantial differences between the renaturation mechanisms of the glutathione- and the copper-promoted systems. PMID- 6619148 TI - Selective carboxymethylation of the alpha-amino groups of hemoglobin. Effect on functional properties. AB - Hemoglobin A hybrids with carboxymethyl groups at the alpha-NH2 termini of the alpha-chains or the beta-chains or at the termini of both chains have been prepared by reductive alkylation of the protein with glyoxylate and NaCNBH3 under controlled conditions. A hemoglobin derivative, which was selectively carboxymethylated at the NH2-terminal residues, was separated into its alpha- and beta-chains. These derivatized chains were recombined to yield alpha 2 Cm beta 2 Cm or were combined with unmodified beta- or alpha-chains, respectively, and purified to yield alpha 2 Cm beta 2 or alpha 2 beta 2 Cm. These hybrid tetramers retained their cooperativity and function (average n = 2.4). The hybrid alpha 2 Cm beta 2 had a lower oxygen affinity (p50 = 12 mm) than unmodified hemoglobin (p50 = 7 mm) and was reactive with 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (p50 = 48 mm). The oxygen affinity of the derivative alpha 2 beta 2 Cm was lower (p50 = 17 mm) than unmodified hemoglobin and was affected only slightly by 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (p50 = 25 mm). The tetramer carboxymethylated at all 4 NH2-terminal residues, alpha 2 Cm beta 2 Cm, exhibited a very low intrinsic oxygen affinity (p50 = 37 mm) that was further lowered to a limiting value of 50 mm by saturating amounts of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. Each carboxymethyl tetramer, except alpha 2 Cm beta 2 Cm, was reactive with chloride to lead to a lower oxygen affinity. These carboxymethylated hybrids (Hb-NH-CH2COO-) may provide a useful model system for studies on the binding of anions to hemoglobin or on the interaction of CO2 with hemoglobin to form the carbamate Hb-NH-COO-. PMID- 6619149 TI - Rapid purification of calsequestrin from cardiac and skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles by Ca2+-dependent elution from phenyl-sepharose. AB - Treatment of cardiac or skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles with 0.1 M sodium carbonate selectively extracts both the Ca2+-binding protein calsequestrin and the two "intrinsic glycoproteins," while leaving the Ca2+ dependent ATPase membrane bound. Phenyl-Sepharose chromatography in the presence of ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and high salt (0.5 M NaCl) readily fractionates these solubilized proteins into a Ca2+-elutable fraction, which contains purified calsequestrin, and a low ionic strength elutable fraction, which contains one of the two intrinsic glycoproteins. Elution of calsequestrin from phenyl-Sepharose occurs near 1 mM Ca2+. Copurifying with calsequestrin are an homologous set of high molecular weight proteins, which like calsequestrin stain blue with Stains-All. These proteins are present in trace amounts and do not correspond to any sarcoplasmic reticulum proteins previously identified. Elution of calsequestrin from phenyl Sepharose is consistent with the Ca2+-binding protein losing its hydrophobic character in the presence of millimolar Ca2+. This behavior is converse to that observed for several calmodulin-like proteins, which are eluted from hydrophobic gels in the presence of EGTA. The high yield and purity of calsequestrin prepared by this method makes possible a unique system for studying what may be a distinct class of Ca2+-binding proteins. PMID- 6619150 TI - Regioselectivity and stereoselectivity of androgen hydroxylations catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 isozymes purified from phenobarbital-induced rat liver. AB - The regioselectivity and stereoselectivity of androgen hydroxylations catalyzed by five isozymes of cytochrome P-450 purified from phenobarbital-induced rat liver were studied in a reconstituted monooxygenase system using testosterone (T) and androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (delta 4-A) as substrates. P-450 PB-3, an isozyme exhibiting low catalytic activity with many xenobiotic substrates, catalyzed efficient (turnover = 15.7 to 18.5 min-1 P-450-1 at 25 microM substrate) and highly stereoselective B-ring hydroxylations of both steroid substrates, with the corresponding 7 alpha- and 6 alpha-hydroxy alcohols formed in ratios of approximately 20 to 30:1, respectively. P-450 PB-2c metabolized testosterone to a mixture of 16 alpha OH-T, 2 alpha OH-T, and delta 4-A (product ratio = 1.0/0.78/0.33; turnover = 10.2 min-1 P-450-1). PB-2c is present in significantly larger amounts in mature male rats as compared to immature males, and probably catalyzes the male-specific testosterone 16 alpha-hydroxylase activity known to be induced at puberty and subject to endocrine control. P-450 PB-4, the major phenobarbital-induced isozyme in rat liver, catalyzed efficient D-ring hydroxylations, yielding 16 beta OH- delta 4-A as the predominant product with delta 4-A as substrate (turnover = 12.0 min-1 P-450-1) and a mixture of 16 beta OH-T, 16 alpha OH-T, and delta 4-A (the latter compound presumably formed via 17 alpha hydroxylation) with testosterone as substrate (turnover = 5.2 min-1 P-450 1). P-450 isozymes PB-1 and PB-5 hydroxylated both steroids with essentially the same regioselectivity as PB-4 but at only 5 to 10% the catalytic rate. Cytochrome b5 stimulated most of these steroid hydroxylations up to 2-fold with no change in regio- or stereoselectivity. The identification of specific steroid metabolites as diagnostic of particular P-450 isozymes should be useful for the assessment of isozymic contributions to microsomal activities and, in addition, facilitate comparisons of P-450 isozymes isolated in different laboratories. PMID- 6619151 TI - Mapping of histone H5 sites on nucleosomes using immunoelectron microscopy. AB - The location of histone H5 on nucleosomes has been determined by binding anti-H5 antibodies to dinucleosomes, and recording the position of the bound IgG molecules using electron microscopy. Two types of antibody were employed, a total IgG fraction prepared from rabbits immunized with H5/RNA, which reacted to all three domains (NH2-terminal, central globular, and COOH-terminal) of H5, and an immunospecific subfraction which bound only to the central globular peptide. After reacting with dinucleosomes, both types of antibody were localized primarily in the linker DNA entry/exit region, but the whole antibody showed a much greater affinity for the linker DNA itself than did the antiglobular peptide antibody. These results provide direct support for the concept that H5, and by inference H1, is located at the linker DNA entry/exit site of the nucleosome, and further suggest that it is the central globular portion of the molecule that is most closely associated with this site. An interaction of one or both termini of H5 with the linker DNA is also indicated. PMID- 6619152 TI - Hydrolysis of triolein in phospholipid vesicles and microemulsions by a purified rat liver acid lipase. AB - An acid lipase was purified from rat liver lysosomes. Lipase purification involved affinity chromatography, gel filtration, and stabilization of the purified preparation using ethylene glycol and Triton X-100. A molecular weight of 67,000-69,000 was determined independently using density gradient centrifugation, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and gel filtration. To study enzyme action, model substrates were prepared by incorporating radiolabeled triolein into either unilamellar vesicles or microemulsions. Substrates were prepared by cosonicating aqueous dispersions of lecithin and triolein. Formation of vesicles or emulsions depended on the relative amount of each lipid and on sonication conditions. Vesicles were prepared at molar ratios between 70:1 and 26:1 (lecithin:triolein) and the microemulsion preparation at a molar ratio of 1:1. The substrate particles were of similar size (220-250 A) as determined by Bio-Gel A-15m chromatography. Hydrolysis of triolein contained in vesicles or emulsions was similar with respect to pH, temperature, and reaction products. Kinetic studies on vesicles with increasing triolein content showed progressively greater Vmax values (0-0.6 mumol/min/mg), and Vmax for the emulsion was 3.1 mumol/min/mg. Addition of human very low or low density lipoprotein produced a dose-dependent inhibition with both substrates. The results show that synthetically prepared microemulsions are stable and effective substrates for the acid lipase and indicate that surface oriented triolein is hydrolyzed in both preparations. PMID- 6619153 TI - Cell-free translation of calf type III collagen. Effect of magnesium on ribosome movement during elongation. AB - Calf aortic smooth muscle cell cultures produce both type III and type I collagen. Polyadenylated mRNA species purified from these cells direct the synthesis of prepro-alpha 1(III), prepro-alpha 1(I), and prepro-alpha 2(I) in a rabbit reticulocyte cell-free system. These polypeptides were identified by specific immunoprecipitation, cyanogen bromide peptide mapping, and bacterial collagenase digestion. Lower molecular weight collagenase susceptible polypeptides were also produced in translation reactions incubated under conditions optimized for incorporation of radiolabeled amino acids. Their presence did not appear to result from ribonuclease or protease involvement or from premature termination. Increasing the Mg2+ concentration in the translation system significantly reduced the production of these lower molecular weight species. Pulse-chase experiments indicate that the time required for completion of full length preprocollagen at the high Mg2+ concentration is greatly decreased compared to the low concentration. Additional experiments suggest that the incomplete collagen polypeptides result from pausing of ribosome movement during elongation. The relative synthesis of type III and type I chains was examined as a function of mRNA concentration in the cell-free system. At levels of RNA above saturation, the relative production of type III decreased with respect to type I. These data suggest that the ability of the alpha 1(III) mRNA to initiate translation is less efficient than the mRNAs of alpha 1(I) and alpha 2(I). PMID- 6619154 TI - Hemin-mediated DNA strand scission. AB - Hemin (ferric protoporphyrin IX chloride) has been shown to cause strand scission in DNA in a reaction which requires the presence of oxygen and the reducing agent, 2-mercaptoethanol. In model studies, circular supercoiled plasmid DNA is converted within 30 min to the open circle and linear forms. With longer incubation times the DNA is degraded to small pieces. The reaction is markedly influenced by the addition of divalent cations; Mg2+ and Ca2+ inhibit the reaction while the transition metals Co2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, and Cu2+ promote the degradation. These observations are discussed in relation to the role of hemin in the modulation of gene expression during cell differentiation. PMID- 6619155 TI - The dynamic mechanical properties of human skin in vivo. AB - The propagation and attenuation of shear waves in human skin is investigated over a frequency range of near zero to 1000 Hz. The results show that at frequencies below a few hundred Hz, shear waves propagate along the skin surface and thus provide information on the dynamic mechanical properties of the stratum corneum. The surface waves, however, are rapidly attenuated with increasing frequency so that at frequencies above about 500 Hz the energy is propagated only as bulk shear waves. Thus, at high frequencies the properties measured are those of the dermis. PMID- 6619156 TI - In vitro contact stress distributions in the natural human hip. AB - Time variant distributions of intra-articular contact stress were assembled from direct measurement in seventeen grossly normal fresh cadaveric hips. Local stresses were sensed by arrays of 24 compliant miniature transducers inset superficially in the femoral head cartilage. Local contact stress magnitude was usually found to rise nearly linearly with applied joint loads in excess of about 1000 N. The sites of maximum local stress were found to underlie the general region of the acetabular dome. For a resultant joint load of 2700 N, the spatial mean contact stress and peak local contact stress averaged 2.92 MN m-2 and 8.80 MN m-2, respectively, for the 68 loading cycles analyzed. The full contact stress patterns were irregular and complex, but most commonly the general feature was a central band or 'ridge' of pressure elevation, oriented in an approximately anterior-to-posterior direction. PMID- 6619157 TI - Quantification of intersegmental reactions during rapid swing motion. AB - A simple mathematical model was developed to quantify the non-muscular reactions between two adjacent segments undergoing rapid free-segment motion. Newtonian equations of motion were used to simulate the trajectories of the two segments using the input parameters of linear acceleration and muscular moment acting only about the proximal end of the proximal link. The intersegmental muscular force and moment were mathematically considered to be zero, and no constraints were placed on the motion of the two segments. The motion of the thigh and shank during the swing phase of running was simulated by the model and compared to the real motion obtained from cinematographic records. The simulation demonstrated that proximal thigh motion has a significant effect on the distal shank motion. Depending on the initial conditions, intersegmental reactions alone can produce large increases in distal segment speed. The role of the knee musculature in preventing these reactions during the swing phase of running was inferred. PMID- 6619158 TI - Tendon excursion and moment arm of index finger muscles. AB - Tendon excursions during rotation of individual index finger were recorded continuously throughout the joints' ranges of motion. Both intrinsic and extrinsic muscles were studied during flexion--extension and abduction--adduction functions. Excursions and joint-displacement relationships were observed to not always be linear. Moment arms of tendons with respect to joint centers were further derived from excursion data. The significance of this information to tendon transfer techniques is discussed. These data are also important for theoretical modeling in muscle force determination. PMID- 6619160 TI - Mathematical modeling of the stress strain-strain rate behavior of bone using the Ramberg-Osgood equation. AB - The Ramberg-Osgood equation is used to model the viscoplastic properties of compact bone. Because of the exponential nature of this equation a special optimization technique is used to curve fitting. Results are presented for the application of this equation to three sets of strain rate dependent stress-strain curves from the literature. Good to very good curve fits are achieved. This technique holds promise both as a relatively simple means of quantifying the viscoplastic nature of compact bone response and also as a mechanism for mathematically modeling that behavior. PMID- 6619161 TI - An improved microindentation technique to measure changes in properties of arterial intima during atherogenesis. AB - A fully automated instrument was developed that measured the amount and time course of indentation of arterial intima by a spherical tipped probe 25 micrometers in diameter loaded routinely by forces of 10 microN. The relationship of depth of indentation to time was non-exponential but reached an apparent asymptotic value in about 6 s. Routine indentations were recorded 10 s after loading, the relationship of indentation and force being essentially linear between 0-100 microN. The instrument is an order of magnitude more sensitive than one previously described (Gow and Vaishnav, 1975, J. Appl. Physiol. 38, 344-350) and produces indentations of 1-4 micrometers in the intima of rabbit thoracic aorta with a reproducibility of 1-2%. Preliminary usage of the new microindentor has shown increases in the compliance of the thoracic aorta intima in rabbits during cholesterol feeding. PMID- 6619159 TI - Mechanical analysis of the human pelvis and its application to the artificial hip joint--by means of the three dimensional finite element method. AB - Mechanical analysis of the human pelvis and the hip joint was performed by means of a three-dimensional finite element method by ASKA program. Two models each standing on one leg were made, one was the pelvis with the physiological hip joint, in the other pelvis part of the cartilage and subchondral bone was replaced with Al2O3 ceramic materials. In this study, we obtained; (1) the various deformations and displacements of the whole pelvis, the pelvic ring and the acetabulum and (2) the principal stress, the maximum shear stress and the Von mises stress on the surface of the whole pelvis and in various horizontal sections of the whole pelvis. PMID- 6619162 TI - Peristaltic transport of a solid bolus. AB - An analysis of the peristaltic propulsion of a solid spherical bolus enclosed in a contractile membrane is presented. The model is based on in vitro preparations of intestinal segments, and utilizes a simplified representation of the mechanical properties of the muscular coats of the wall. The sequence of deformed configurations of the membrane and the displacement of the bolus are obtained by numerical solution of the model equations. The analysis presented in this paper could be useful for other studies in biomechanics (e.g. uterine contraction and motion of red blood cells in narrow capillaries). PMID- 6619163 TI - The influence of superficial tissue on response of the primate knee to traumatic posterior tibial drawer. AB - The posterior cruciate ligaments is the primary restraint against large posterior displacement of the tibia in the isolated knee joint. However, muscle tone and superficial tissue may contribute to stability of the knee at traumatic levels of posterior tibial drawer. The influence of these parameters on joint resistance was studied for the knee flexed at 90 degrees. Experiments were conducted on an anesthetized primate with resting and tensed extensor muscles. Experiments were also conducted on postmortem and isolated knee joints. The experiments show that anteriorly-oriented superficial tissue contributes significantly to the stiffness and strength of the knee. Contraction of extensor muscles can increase the strength of the flexed knee by more than 50%. In posterior drawer, data from the isolated knee joint provides a lower bound on the actual strength of the living knee. PMID- 6619164 TI - Effect of pressurization on methylmethacrylate-bone interdigitation: an in vitro study of canine femora. AB - Aseptic mechanical loosening of the femoral and acetabular components is a major long term complication of total hip arthroplasty. Pressurized injection of bone cement (polymethylmethacrylate) has been advocated for increasing cement-bone interlock. To determine the relationship between cement intrusion pressure and its penetration into cancellous bone, an in-vitro study of paired, fresh frozen canine femora was conducted. Methacrylate cement was injected at predefined constant pressures from 0.11 to 1.23 MPa (16-175 psi). The penetration was quantified for each injection pressure. The results showed a positive logarithmic relationship between the relative penetration and the intrusion pressure, the former reaching a near asymptotic value at approximately 0.70 MPa (100 psi). Unequal radial distribution of cement within the metaphysis was demonstrated. Greater penetration was observed into the proximal postero-lateral cancellous bone bed as compared to other regions. The relationship between cement penetration and bone size was explored at a single-constant pressure of 0.35 MPa (50 psi). Although absolute cement penetration was found to be linearly related to the bone size, the relative penetration remained nearly constant with bone size. PMID- 6619166 TI - Strain measurement in the medial collateral ligament of the human knee: an autopsy study. AB - A strain transducer was developed which employs a magnetic field sensing device to detect linear displacement. The transducer was attached to the medial collateral ligament (MCL) of human autopsy specimens, minimally influencing their physiologic behavior. A strain 'map' of the MCL as a function of knee flexion (full extension to 120 degrees) both with and without abduction force was obtained. Our investigation revealed consistent differences in the strain patterns between proximal, middle and distal segments of the anterior and posterior borders of the MCL. Anatomic variations in the pattern of collagen fibers within the MCL, interactions between posterior oblique capsular fibers and the MCL, and the skeletal configuration may account for these varied strain patterns. PMID- 6619165 TI - Stress wave propagation in bone. AB - The traveling wave characteristics for a single compressive pulse were studied in fresh and embalmed human long bones. The stress wave was generated by the longitudinal impact of a steel ball on one end of a bone and was monitored by bonded strain gages. The dynamic properties, namely velocity, attenuation coefficient and dispersion were correlated with the mineral density, porosity, and cross-sectional area of the specimens. Statistically significant relationships were found between several of these parameters. These stress wave propagation characteristics are important for our understanding of the dynamic loading of bone and they may also provide a basis for the development of noninvasive techniques for studies of diseased or fractured bone. PMID- 6619167 TI - Balancing a force on the fingertip of a two-dimensional finger model without intrinsic muscles. AB - A slightly flexed human middle finger can balance an external force on the fingertip. Internal stabilization is also possible, which means that the externally unloaded finger can be kept stiff. We want to analyse whether in these situations the intrinsic hand muscles are needed. Distances from tendons to flexion axes are taken from the literature and are substituted in the moment equilibrium equations of a two-dimensional finger model. Diagrams illustrate the statically indeterminate problem of solving tendon forces. The possibilities for equilibrium without intrinsics appear to depend mainly on four tendon-to-joint distances. These distances determine to which of two groups a finger belongs: (1) one in which intrinsics are not necessary for internal stabilization nor for balancing a force on the fingertip in any direction in the sagittal plane; (2) one in which, without intrinsics, internal stabilization is impossible and only dorso-distally directed forces on the fingertip can be balanced. PMID- 6619168 TI - Velocity measurements in steady flow through axisymmetric stenoses at moderate Reynolds numbers. AB - The velocity field in the neighborhood of axisymmetric constrictions in rigid tubes was investigated using laser Doppler anemometry and flow visualization. Upstream flow conditions were steady; and Reynolds numbers were in the range 500 2000, values which are representative of the larger arteries in humans. Stenoses of 25, 50 and 75% area reduction were studied. Velocity profiles are presented in sufficient detail to allow comparison with computational biofluid dynamics models. Wall shear stresses were estimated from the near wall velocity gradient, and the nature of observed poststenotic flow disturbances is discussed. Results indicate that flow disturbances of discrete oscillation frequency may be more valuable than turbulence as an indicator of early stages of stenosis development. Additionally, despite the fact that poststenotic turbulence exists for the higher degrees of stenosis and Reynolds numbers, the resulting wall shear stresses are only three to four times greater than the Poiseuille value and are considerably less than the wall shear stress within the stenosis itself. PMID- 6619169 TI - Changes in knee function associated with treadmill ambulation. AB - A comparison of level walking, on a walkway and on a treadmill, was performed using ten normal subjects. Motion about the knee was measured using a triaxial electrogoniometer, and foot-floor contact patterns were recorded by means of four foot switches attached to the sole of each shoe. On the walkway, the data were collected with the subject moving at a comfortable walking speed. The treadmill was then set at the average velocity obtained on the walkway. Knee joint rotation in the coronal and transverse planes did not change significantly between the walkway and the treadmill. In the sagittal plane, significant differences were found for total motion (p less than 0.01), swing phase motion (p less than 0.01), knee position at heel strike (p less than 0.05), and maximum swing phase extension (p less than 0.01). A comparison of the foot-floor contact patterns between walkway and treadmill ambulation revealed reduced heel contact time, with an increase in toe contact while on the treadmill. It was concluded that sagittal plane knee kinematics during level treadmill walking differ significantly from level overground walking. PMID- 6619170 TI - Calf muscle moment, work and efficiency in level walking; role of series elasticity. AB - Moment and work of the human calf muscles in level walking were determined by means of an EMG to force processor, based on a muscle analogue (Hof and Van den Berg (1981) J. Biomechanics, 14, 747-758, 759-770, 771-785, 787-792). Nine subjects (four women, five men) walked on a level treadmill at speeds between 0.5 and 2.5 ms-1, in their self-chosen pace and at forced pace with steplengths between 0.3 and 1.1 m. The calf muscles are normally only active in the stance phase. The moment increases, with a variable course, to a peak just before push off. This peak moment increases with the walking speed, from the reference moment (the value in standing on the toes with one leg) at zero speed, to 1.5-2.1 times this value at a speed of 2 ms-1, and decreases at still greater speeds. During the roll-over phase work is done on the calf muscles ('negative work'), followed by positive work in push-off. The negative work is constant, 0.20-0.36 J kg-1, depending on the subject. The positive work increases linearly with steplength- not with speed--from zero at ca. 0.35 m to 0.50 J kg-1 at a steplength of 1.1 m. The interaction between the contractile and the series elastic component in the muscle could be studied by means of the analogue. A great part of the work done on the muscle and of the positive work done by the contractile component are stored in the series elastic component. The stored energy is released at a high rate in push-off. This mechanism ideally requires a concerted contraction, i.e. a contraction in which the activation is matched to the load to the effect that the length of the contractile component remains constant. The muscle then behaves like a spring. Consequences are (a) only little of the negative work gets lost, (b) the length of the contractile component remains close to the optimum of the force-length relation, (c) the shortening speed of the contractile component is now in the range where the muscle works at a high efficiency, and (d) high power peaks can be delivered due to the 'catapult action'. PMID- 6619171 TI - Stresses in the closed mitral valve: a model study. AB - In the present model study on the closed mitral valve, tensile force in the chordae tendineae is related to transvalvular pressure using a mathematical model of mechanics of the closed mitral valve. Circumferential stress as well as bending stress in the valve leaflets were neglected. Without precisely knowing the mechanical properties of the leaflet material, geometry of the leaflets was estimated by applying Laplace's law, which relates leaflet stress to leaflet curvature. Independent of shape of the mitral valve orifice, under all circumstances tensile force in the chordae tendineae was calculated to be equal or greater than half the force exerted on the mitral valve orifice by the transvalvular pressure. PMID- 6619172 TI - On the mechanical resonances of a human tibia in vitro. PMID- 6619173 TI - Instrumentation for preparation and placement of subcutaneous implants. AB - An instrument has been designed for the preparation and placement of subcutaneous implants in small laboratory animals. The usefulness and applications of the instrument have been assessed, based on experiences from 260 implants inserted subcutaneously on guinea pigs with the aid of the described instrument. PMID- 6619174 TI - Tissue response to allergenic leachables from dental materials. AB - In addition to toxic reactions to dental materials, some individuals may develop or exhibit hypersensitivity reactions to leachable components. An experimental model combining the guinea pig maximization test for induction of hypersensitivity and the subcutaneous implantation of dental cements is described. Guinea pigs immunized with AH 26, an epoxy-bisphenol resin, showed an increased tissue response to AH26 implants. Guinea pigs immunized with zinc oxide eugenol did not show a similarly increased response, possibly because of an anti inflammatory effect of eugenol. The experimental model may prove useful in predicting the effect of leachable allergens from dental materials in sensitized individuals. PMID- 6619175 TI - Mechanical properties of hydrophilic copolymers of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate with ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, and dodecyl methacrylate. AB - Copolymers were prepared of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, which is strongly hydrophilic, with hydrophobic comonomers having a low glass transition temperature, i.e., ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, and dodecyl methacrylate. The glass transition temperature, T alpha (1 Hz), of polymers in the dry state (xerogels) was determined by means of dynamic mechanical measurements. The dependence of T alpha on composition in all the three series of copolymers was described in terms of a one-parameter equation. The equilibrium swelling of copolymers in water decreases more steeply than the weight fraction of 2 hydroxyethyl methacrylate. When swollen in water to equilibrium, all copolymers with ethyl acrylate or n-butyl acrylate are in the rubberlike state; their tensile modulus E assumes values in the range 0.17-0.50 MPa. While poly(2 hydroxyethyl methacrylate) has the modulus E = 0.39 MPa, the tensile strength sigma u = 0.32 MPa, and the strain-at-break epsilon u = 1.81, for the weight fraction of the comonomer in the range 0.36 less than or equal to omega 2 less than or equal to 0.56 it is possible to achieve sigma u and epsilon u lying in the respective ranges 0.7-0.9 MPa and 5-7. Copolymers with the dodecyl methacrylate content omega 2 less than 0.2 or omega 2 greater than 0.8 are rubberlike, and at 0.30 less than or equal to omega 2 less than or equal to 0.62 they become leathery; the latter have the modulus E and strength sigma u within the ranges 12-32 and 3-4 MPa, respectively. The stress-strain curves of these copolymers evidence yielding and orientation hardening which have been tentatively explained by the nonhomogeneous composition and structure of the copolymers. PMID- 6619176 TI - Osteoinduction within porous polysulfone implants at extraosseous sites using demineralized allogeneic bone matrix. AB - The objective of this study was to determine if bone induction could occur in implants of porous polysulfone (PPSF) impregnated with particles of demineralized allogeneic bone matrix (DABM). DABM-PPSF composites were fabricated by inserting DABM particles into PPSF specimens. The porous implants were produced by sintering polysulfone particles (850-1180 micron in diameter). DABM particles were prepared by demineralizing rat cortical bone in 0.6N HCl at 4 degrees C for 18-24 h. A composite DABM-PPSF specimen and three "controls" were implanted subcutaneously at abdominal sites in 30 adult Sprague-Dawley rats. The three controls were whole DABM (4 X 4 X 1 mm), particulate DABM (1 X 1 X 1 mm), and porous polysulfone (5 X 5 X 1 mm). Microradiographic and histological evaluation of DABM-PPSF composites revealed chondrogenesis within the pores of the specimens at 10 days, followed by ossification and fatty marrow production at 21 and 43 days. This histological sequence was similar to that seen with DABM controls. The tissue response to porous polysulfone did not prevent the osteoinductive process. These results suggest that an osteoinductive material such as DABM may be useful in augmenting the implantation of porous implants at osseous sites in which the potential for bone regeneration is limited. PMID- 6619177 TI - Interaction of fibroblasts and polymer surfaces: relationship between surface free energy and fibroblast spreading. AB - Cell spreading and cell division rates of a transformed line of mouse lung fibroblasts were studied on various polymer surfaces in the presence of serum proteins. The bare polymer surfaces, as well as the protein-coated surfaces, were characterized by their polar (gamma ps) and dispersion (gamma ds) surface free energies. Cell spreading appeared to be dependent on the polar surface free energy. Cell spreading is low when the gamma ps of the bare surface is lower than 5 erg cm-2; marked spreading occurs when gamma ps is higher than 15 erg cm-2. A similar relationship was found between cell spreading and polarity of the protein coated surfaces, although less pronounced than for the bare surfaces. Cell spreading appeared independent of the dispersion surface free energy. Cell division rate was the same on all surfaces tested. PMID- 6619178 TI - Cement strain measurement surrounding loose and well-fixed femoral component stems. AB - Strain measurement within the cement surrounding stemmed total hip femoral components was accomplished using PMMA encapsulated and embedded strain gauges. Cement strain measurement associated with a well-bonded stem-cement interface and an unbonded stem-cement interface (i.e., loose prosthesis) was performed. The presence of a stem-cement bond was found to reduce proximal cement strain magnitudes while having little effect on distal cement strain magnitudes. The assurance of a stem-cement bond on only the proximal third of the interface was found to have an effect similar to that of a complete stem-cement bond. The results of this experimental investigation confirm the theoretical prediction that the stem-cement bond is important in maintaining the integrity of the cement mantle surrounding a stemmed femoral component. PMID- 6619179 TI - Retrieval analysis of total knee prostheses: a method and its application to 48 total condylar prostheses. AB - A technique for the classification and quantification of damage in retrieved total knee prostheses is presented and applied to the examination of 48 removed total condylar-type knee replacements. The technique involves inspection of all metallic and polyethylene components for evidence of gross deformation, fracture, and damage to articulating surfaces. A grading system was developed to quantitate surface damage on polyethylene components. Results of the examinations are combined with patient variables (weight, activity level, radiographic findings, time of implantation, and results of histology performed on surrounding tissue) to determine correlations between clinical variables and the mechanical damage experienced by the prostheses. For the 48 total condylar-type prostheses, significant positive correlations were found for the surface damage correlated with the patient's weight and the time the prosthesis was implanted. PMID- 6619180 TI - Measurement of the rate of wear of dental composite resins by a 90Sr beta particle transmission gauge. AB - The wear rate of restorative dental composite resins is an important parameter in the assessment of their in vivo performance. The two more widely used methods of quantifying wear are measuring the dimensional change and measuring the change in the mass of the specimen. The former method is complicated by uneven wear of specimens and presents difficulties with samples of irregular shape, and the latter method involves measurements of changes in mass as small as tens of micrograms with specimens of sizes similar to those encountered clinically. A 90Sr beta particle transmission gauge has been designed and constructed to enable the wear rate of small specimens of dental composite resins to be measured. The 90Sr beta particle transmission gauge enables indirect measurements of changes in mass to be made and overcomes some of the difficulties inherent in the direct measurement of mass and length. Applications of the 90Sr beta particle transmission gauge to the measurement of wear rates are given for restorative dental resins having a range of inorganic filler contents and types. The results show that the 90Sr beta particle transmission gauge is capable of measuring the rate of wear to a degree of precision similar to that of micrometer-derived measurements. PMID- 6619181 TI - Macroporous hydrogel membranes for a hybrid artificial pancreas. I. Synthesis and chamber fabrication. AB - We report development of special macroporous semipermeable membranes and diffusion chambers made of polymerized 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (pHEMA), synthesized specifically to enclose living insulin-producing pancreatic islet cells for the treatment of diabetes. This material was selected to minimize the fibrotic encapsulation which has limited hybrid artificial pancreas efforts with other membranes, including Millipore and Nuclepore filters. The pore density and pore size distribution were dependent on the ratio of water to HEMA monomer and also on the crosslinker (EGDMA) concentration. A macroporous membrane resulted only when the ratio of water/HEMA monomer was greater than 50%. 125I-insulin permeability was studied in vitro. A technique is also described to fuse the membranes to form diffusion chambers used for implantation into diabetic rats. PMID- 6619182 TI - The development of modified denture base materials. AB - This work has been undertaken in an attempt to develop improved materials for the construction of dentures. In particular, a material was sought that would combine radiopacity with high impact resistance. Eight particulate radiopaque glasses were prepared and incorporated into poly(methyl methacrylate) denture base material, and the properties of the resultant composites were measured. Experiments were also carried out with glass fiber fillers, which were found to increase impact strength. It was shown that the incorporation of both a particulate radiopaque glass and glass fiber, 20% of each, yielded composites with improved properties. PMID- 6619183 TI - Relationship between axenic growth of Dictyostelium discoideum strains and their track morphology on substrates coated with gold particles. AB - Amoebae of Dictyostelium discoideum produce tracks with two distinct morphologies on gold-coated coverslips. The wild-type strain and other strains that feed only by phagocytosis produced indistinct, fuzzy tracks, whereas mutants capable of axenic growth produced clear, sharp tracks. The sharp track morphology was found to be a recessive phenotype that segregates with axenicity and probably requires a previously unidentified axenic mutation. Axenic and nonaxenic strains also differed in their ability to pinocytose. When the two types of cells were shifted from bacterial growth plates to nutrient media, within 24 h the axenic strain established a rapid rate of pinocytosis, approximately 100-fold higher than the low rate detectable for the nonaxenic strain. However, track formation did not appear to be directly related to endocytosis. Electron microscopic examination of cells during track formation showed that both axenic and nonaxenic strains accumulated gold particles on their surfaces, but neither strain internalized the gold to any significant degree. Observation of living cells revealed that axenic strains collected all particles that they contacted, whereas wild-type strains left many particles undisturbed. The size of the gold particle clusters discarded by the cells also contributed to track morphology. PMID- 6619184 TI - Microtubule-associated proteins of neurons. AB - Microtubule-associated proteins (MAP) have been identified in cultures of rat sympathetic neurons. In all of the experiments performed here, the cultures consisted of greater than 97% neurons. 26 proteins were identified in these neuronal cultures that (a) remained associated with cytoskeletons prepared with a Triton X-100-containing microtubule-stabilizing buffer, (b) were released from such cytoskeletons by incubation in microtubule-depolymerizing buffers, (c) were not detected in cytoskeletons prepared from cultures depleted of microtubules by treatment with podophyllotoxin, and (d) co-cycled with rat brain microtubule proteins. We conclude that these 26 proteins are associated with microtubules in sympathetic neurons. Two of these proteins have molecular weights of approximately 30,000 and isoelectric points of approximately 6.2; the rest of the proteins range in molecular weight from 60,000 to 76,000 and isoelectric point from 6.3 to 6.9. This latter group of MAPs was heat labile. Several other proteins in the neuronal cultures had the solubility properties and drug-lability expected of MAP. All of these proteins had apparent molecular weights greater than 200,000; one of these putative MAP co-migrated with rat brain MAP-1. We did not detect any putative MAP in these cultures that co-migrated with rat brain MAP 2. In isoelectric focusing-SDS PAGE, the 24 MAP with molecular weights of 60,000 76,000 appeared to comprise four distinct molecular weight classes. Each molecular weight class was in turn composed of several proteins that varied in isoelectric point. In peptide mapping experiments, the isoelectric variants of each molecular weight class gave rise to very similar peptide maps. These observations suggest that each molecular weight class consists of several closely related proteins. It was also determined that all except the most basic member of the four MAP classes could be phosphorylated in vivo, raising the possibility that differential phosphorylation contributed to the variation in the isoelectric points of the members of each MAP class. We performed pulse-chase experiments to further evaluate the contribution of posttranslational modification to the generation of the complex population of MAP in the molecular weight range of 60,000 to 76,000. In cultures labeled for 20 min, only the more basic members of each MAP class were detectably labeled, while in cultures labeled for 20 min and then chased for 220 min the more acidic members of the MAP classes became labeled.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6619185 TI - Lipid domains of acetylcholine receptor clusters detected with saponin and filipin. AB - The acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clusters of cultured rat myotubes contain two distinct, interdigitating, membrane domains, one enriched in AChR, the other poor in AChR but associated with sites of myotube-substrate contact (Bloch, R.J., and B. Geiger, 1980, Cell, 21:25-35). We have used two cholesterol-specific cytochemical probes, saponin and filipin, to investigate the lipid nature of these membrane domains. When studied with freeze-fracture electron microscopy or fluorescence microscopy, these reagents reacted moderately and preferentially with the AChR-rich domains of AChR clusters. Little or no reaction with the membrane in "contact" domains was seen. In contrast, membrane regions surrounding the AChR clusters reacted extensively with filipin. These results suggest that, in rat myotubes, the composition or the state of the lipids differs between the two membrane domains of the AChR clusters, and between clusters and surrounding membrane. In chick myotubes, AChR clusters do not appear to react with filipin or saponin, although surrounding membrane reacts extensively with these reagents. PMID- 6619186 TI - Mutations in alpha- and beta-tubulin affect spindle formation in Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - Two Chinese hamster ovary cell lines with mutated beta-tubulins (Grs-2 and Cmd-4) and one that has a mutation in alpha-tubulin (Tax-1) are temperature sensitive for growth at 40.5 degrees C. To determine the functional defect in these mutant cells at the nonpermissive temperature, they were characterized with respect to cell cycle parameters and microtubule organization and function after relatively short periods at 40.5 degrees C. At the nonpermissive temperature all the mutants had normal appearing cytoplasmic microtubules. Premature chromosome condensation analysis failed to show any discrete step in the interphase cell cycle in which these mutants are arrested. These cells, however, show several defects at the nonpermissive temperature that appear related to the function of microtubules during mitosis. Time-lapse studies showed that mitosis was lengthened in the three mutant lines at 40.5 degrees C as compared with the wild-type cells at this temperature, resulting in a higher proportion of cells in mitosis after temperature shift. There was also a large increase in multinucleated cells in mutant populations after incubation at the nonpermissive temperature. Immunofluorescent studies using a monoclonal anti--alpha-tubulin antibody showed that the mutant cells had a high proportion of abnormal spindles at the nonpermissive temperature. The two altered beta-tubulins and the altered alpha tubulin all were found to cause a similar phenotype at the high temperature that results in mitotic delay, defective cytokinesis, multinucleation, and ultimately, cell death. We conclude that spindle formation is the limiting microtubule function in these mutant cell lines at the nonpermissive temperature and that these cell lines will be of value for the study of the precise role of tubulin in mammalian spindle formation. PMID- 6619187 TI - Rheological properties of living cytoplasm: endoplasm of Physarum plasmodium. AB - Magnetic sphere viscoelastometry, video microscopy, and the Kamiya double chamber method (Kamiya, N., 1940, Science [Wash. DC], 92:462-463.) have been combined in an optical and rheological investigation of the living endoplasm of Physarum polycephalum. The rheological properties examined were yield stress, viscosity (as a function of shear), and elasticity. These parameters were evaluated in directions perpendicular; (X) and parallel (Y) to the plasmodial vein. Known magnetic forces were used for measurements in the X direction, while the falling ball technique was used in the Y direction (Cygan, D.A., and B. Caswell, 1971, Trans. Soc. Rheol. 15:663-683; MacLean-Fletcher, S.D., and T.D. Pollard, 1980, J. Cell Biol., 85:414-428). Approximate yield stresses were calculated in the X and Y directions of 0.58 and 1.05 dyn/cm2, respectively. Apparent viscosities measured in the two directions (eta x and eta y) were found to fluctuate with time. The fluctuations in eta x and eta y were shown, statistically, to occur independently of each other. Frequency correlation with dynamoplasmograms indicated that these fluctuations probably occur independently of the streaming cycle. Viscosity was found to be a complex function of shear, indicating that the endoplasm is non-Newtonian. Plots of shear stress vs. rate of shear both parallel and perpendicular to the vein, showed that endoplasm is not a shear thinning material. These experiments have shown that living endoplasm of Physarum is an anisotropic viscoelastic fluid with a yield stress. The endoplasm appears not to be a homogeneous material, but to be composed of heterogeneous domains. PMID- 6619188 TI - Distribution of sterol-specific complexes in a continually shearing region of a plasma membrane and at procaryotic-eucaryotic cell junctions. AB - A narrow zone of plasma membrane between the head and body of a protozoan from termites undergoes continual in-plane shear because the head rotates continuously in the same direction relative to the cell body (Tamm, S.L., and S. Tamm, 1974, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71:4589-4593). Using filipin and digitonin as cytochemical probes for cholesterol and related 3-beta-hydroxysterols, we found a high level of sterol-specific complexes, visible as membrane lesions in thin sections, in both shearing and nonshearing regions of the membrane, indicating no difference in sterol content. This confirmed previous observations that any region of the fluid membrane can undergo shear, but that this occurs only at certain locations due to cell geometry and proximity to rotating cytoskeletal structures. Filipin and digitonin did not disrupt the plasma membrane at the junctions with ectosymbiotic rod and fusiform bacteria (i.e., membrane pockets and ridges). However, pepsin degradation of dense material coating the junctional membranes resulted in a positive response of these regions to filipin. Fluorescence microscopy revealed a bright halo around each rod bacterium, due to filipin-sterol binding in the sides of the membrane pockets, but no fluorescence at the bottom of the pockets; the same fluorescence pattern was found in pepsin treated cells despite the presence of sterols throughout the pocket membrane, as shown by electron microscopy. These findings indicate that (a) regional constraints may restrict the ability of filipin to interact with sterols or form visible membrane lesions, and (b) a negative response to filipin, assayed by either electron or fluorescence microscopy, is not sufficient to demonstrate low membrane sterol concentration, particularly in membrane domains characterized by closely associated proteins. PMID- 6619189 TI - Ionic mechanisms in secretagogue-induced morphological changes in rat parotid gland. AB - When 10(-5) M carbachol was added to parotid tissue slices incubated in buffer containing Ca++, watery vacuoles were formed in the cells. The percent volume density of vacuoles, as measured from 0.5-micron sections, increased from 0.64 +/ 0.15 SE (n = 7) to 3.09 +/- 0.99 (n = 5) in 10 min and, finally, to 7.27 +/- 1.88 (n = 4) in 30 min. In electron micrographs, most of the vacuoles appeared to arise from a location near the Golgi apparatus. Condensation of nuclear chromatin and a conformational change in mitochondria were also noted immediately after stimulation. The percent volume density values returned to basal levels with the addition of either 5 mM EGTA or 10(-6) M atropine after the addition of carbachol. Nuclei and mitochondria returned to normal configurations. In the presence of either 1 mM ouabain or high K+, or in the absence of added Ca++, carbachol failed to induce vacuole formation. However, low Na+ medium did not prevent the formation of vacuoles due to carbachol. Ultrastructural changes in nuclei and mitochondria were consistently associated with the appearance of vacuoles. Since both high K+ and ouabain blocked vacuole formation, it is unlikely that Na+ or K+ movements were important for the response. Rather, receptor-activated Ca++ influx, which is likely to be inhibited by depolarizing agents (such as high K+ or ouabain), is probably the more important factor in vacuole formation and other concomitant ultrastructural changes. PMID- 6619190 TI - Intranuclear membranes and the formation of the first meiotic spindle in Xenos peckii (Acroschismus wheeleri) oocytes. AB - The ultrastructure of spindle formation during the first meiotic division in oocytes of the Strepsipteran insect Xenos peckii Kirby (Acroschismus wheeleri Pierce) was examined in serial thick (0.25-micron) and thin sections. During late prophase the nuclear envelope became extremely convoluted and fenestrated. At this time vesicular and tubular membrane elements permeated the nucleoplasm and formed a thin fusiform sheath, 5-7 micron in length, around each of the randomly oriented and condensing tetrads. These membrane elements appeared to arise from the nuclear envelope and/or in association with annulate lamellae in the nuclear region. All of the individual tetrads and their associated fusiform sheaths became aligned within the nucleus subsequent to the breakdown of the nuclear envelope. Microtubules (MTs) were found associated with membranes of the meiotic apparatus only after the nuclear envelope had broken down. Kinetochores, with associated MTs, were first recognizable as electron-opaque patches on the chromosomes at this time. The fully formed metaphase arrested Xenos oocyte meiotic apparatus contained an abundance of membranes and had diffuse poles that lacked distinct polar MT organizing centers. From these observations we conclude that the apparent individual chromosomal spindles--seen in the light microscope to form around each Xenos tetrad during "intranuclear prometaphase" (Hughes Schrader, S., 1924, J. Morphol. 39:157-197)--actually form during late prophase, lack MTs, and are therefore not complete miniature bipolar spindles, as had been commonly assumed. Thus, the unique mode of spindle formation in Xenos oocytes cannot be used to support the hypothesis that chromosomes (kinetochores) induce the polymerization of their associated MTs. Our observation that MTs appeared in association with and parallel to tubular membrane components of the Xenos meiotic apparatus after these membranes became oriented with respect to the tetrads, is consistent with the notion that membranes associated with the spindle determine the orientation of spindle MTs and also play a part in regulating their formation. PMID- 6619191 TI - Cytological distribution of chorionic gonadotropin subunit and placental lactogen messenger RNA in neoplasms derived from human placenta. AB - Normal trophoblast of the human placenta elaborates at least two major protein hormones, chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and placental lactogen (hPL). There are several gestational trophoblastic diseases of the placenta called hydatidiform mole, invasive mole, and choriocarcinoma. Molar and choriocarcinoma tissues characteristically synthesize large amounts of hCG and small quantities of hPL. To examine the role of trophoblast differentiation in the expression of the hCG and hPL genes, we studied the cytological distribution of their messenger RNA (mRNA) in tissue sections of human hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma by in situ hybridization. Histologically, these tissues are in different stages of cellular differentiation. In normal placenta, hCG alpha and -beta mRNA can be localized to some cytotrophoblasts and primarily to the syncytium, whereas hPL mRNA appears only in the syncytial layer. In hydatidiform mole, which still retains placental villous morphology, the hPL gene and hCG alpha and -beta genes are expressed but are poorly localized because of the admixture of cyto- and syncytiotrophoblasts. By contrast, choriocarcinoma, which is devoid of placental villous pattern but in which the cyto- and syncytiotrophoblast-like components are distinguishable, expresses hCG alpha and -beta in the syncytial-like areas but little, if any, hPL. These results suggest that a certain level of trophoblast differentiation, such as villous formation, is associated with hPL expression, while the hCG alpha gene and the hCG beta gene can be expressed in more disorganized tissues that contain cytotrophoblastic elements. PMID- 6619192 TI - Xenopus neural crest cell migration in an applied electrical field. AB - Xenopus neural crest cells migrated toward the cathode in an applied electrical field of 10 mV/mm or greater. This behavior was observed in relatively isolated cells, as well as in groups of neural crest cells; however, the velocity of directed migration usually declined when a cell made close contact with other cells. Melanocytes with a full complement of evenly distributed melanosomes did not migrate of their own accord, but could be distorted and pulled by unpigmented neural crest cells. Incompletely differentiated melanocytes and melanocytes with aggregated melanosomes displayed the same behavior as undifferentiated neural crest cells, that is, migration toward the cathode. An electrical field of 10 mV/mm corresponded to a voltage drop of less than 1 mV across the diameter of each cell; the outer epithelium of Xenopus embryos drives an endogenous transembryonic current that may produce voltage gradients of nearly this magnitude within high-resistance regions of the embryo. We, therefore, propose that electrical current produced by the skin battery present in these embryos may act as a vector to guide neural crest migration. PMID- 6619193 TI - Protein loss during nuclear isolation. AB - Cryomicrodissection makes possible the measurement of the entire in vivo protein content of the amphibian oocyte nucleus and provides a heretofore missing baseline for estimating protein loss during nuclear isolation by other methods. When oocyte nuclei are isolated into an aqueous medium, they lose 95% of their protein with a half-time of 250 s. This result implies an even more rapid loss of protein from aqueously isolated nuclei of ordinary-size cells. PMID- 6619194 TI - Calmodulin-stimulated protein kinase activity from rat pancreas. AB - Previous work from our laboratory has demonstrated that neurohumoral stimulation of the exocrine pancreas is associated with the phosphorylation of the Mr 29,000 ribosomal protein S6. In a cell-free system using pancreatic postmicrosomal supernatant as the kinase donor, we found that the following co-factors stimulate the phosphorylation of the Mr 29,000 ribosomal protein: calcium with calmodulin, calcium with phosphatidyl serine, and cAMP. These findings suggest that the pancreas contains a calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM-PK) that can phosphorylate the Mr 29,000 ribosomal protein. A CaM-PK activity was partially purified sequentially by ion exchange, gel filtration, and calmodulin-affinity chromatography. Phosphorylation of the Mr 29,000 ribosomal protein by the partially purified CaM-PK was dependent on the presence of both calcium and calmodulin and not on the other co-factors. The CaM-PK fraction contained a phosphoprotein of Mr 51,000 whose phosphorylation was also dependent on calcium and calmodulin. When 125I-calmodulin-binding proteins from the CaM-PK fraction were identified using electrophoretic transfers of SDS-polyacrylamide gels, a single Mr 51,000 protein was labeled. The preparation enriched in CaM-PK activity contained an Mr 51,000 protein that underwent phosphorylation in a calcium calmodulin-dependent manner and an Mr 51,000 calmodulin-binding protein. It is therefore possible that the CaM-PK may comprise a calmodulin-binding phosphoprotein component of Mr 51,000. PMID- 6619196 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the twenty-third annual meeting: the American Society for Cell Biology. San Antonio, Texas, 29 November-3 December 1983. PMID- 6619195 TI - Changes in collagen and albumin mRNA in liver tissue of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni as determined by in situ hybridization. AB - We have employed in situ hybridization to evaluate the molecular mechanisms responsible for hypoalbuminemia and increased liver collagen content in murine schistosomiasis. Results were compared using a simplified method of hybridizing isolated hepatocytes from Schistosoma mansoni-infected and normal mouse liver with mouse albumin (pmalb-2) and chick pro-alpha 2(l) collagen (pCg45) probes. Whereas hepatocytes from infected mice showed significantly less albumin mRNA than hepatocytes from control, there were more grains of procollagen mRNA in hepatocytes from infected as compared with control liver. Hybridization of infected liver tissue sections with the collagen probe showed more grains per field in granulomas than in liver regions, whereas with the albumin probe there was more hybridization in liver tissue than in granulomas. These results suggest that in murine schistosomiasis a reduction in albumin mRNA sequence content may be associated with decreased albumin synthesis and ultimately leads to hypoalbuminemia. In addition, although the granuloma seems to be the primary source of type I collagen synthesis, hepatocytes are also capable of synthesizing collagen, especially under fibrogenic stimulation. PMID- 6619198 TI - Increase of latent HMG-CoA reductase activity with increasing density of cell cultures. AB - The total (active latent) activity of HMG-CoA reductase declined linearly with increasing cell density in cultures of three lines of mammalian cells. The active form disappeared almost entirely under this condition, while the latent (presumably phosphorylated) form increased to some extent. The disappearance of active HMG-CoA reductase with concomitant increase in the proportion of latent HMG-CoA reductase was correlated with the decline in cellular multiplication and sterol synthesis. These results suggest that interconversion of HMG-CoA reductase between active and inactive forms through phosphorylation-dephosphorylation can be associated with changes in the rate of cellular proliferation in cell cultures. However, the decreased rate of sterol synthesis followed more closely the slower disappearance of the total HMG-CoA reductase activity than the rapid decrease of the active form of the reductase alone. Therefore, changes in the rate of cellular proliferation can affect the interconversion of HMG-CoA reductase between active and inactive forms through reversible phosphorylation. However, phosphorylation of the enzyme to the inactive form appears not to be the mechanism by which the sterol synthetic rate is regulated in confluent cell cultures. Rather, the amount of total HMG-CoA reductase determines the rate of sterol synthesis. PMID- 6619197 TI - Phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis in ethanolamine-responsive and -nonresponsive cells in culture. AB - Mammalian cells can be classified into two types based upon whether or not they show growth response to ethanolamine (Etn) in culture. The content of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in phospholipid and incorporation of radioactive Etn into the cells were examined in the Etn-responsive and -nonresponsive cells in order to elucidate the mechanisms of growth stimulation by Etn. In all Etn responsive cells tested, 5 microM Etn significantly altered the composition of cellular phospholipid compared to that grown without Etn, while Etn-nonresponsive cells had a similar phospholipid composition whether the growth medium contained Etn or not. Using two rat mammary carcinoma cell lines, 64-24 (responsive type) and 22-1 (nonresponsive type), further studies were carried out. In 64-24 cells there was a proportional increase in PE content as the dosage of Etn in the medium was increased. The increase in PE content leveled off at 10 microM. Further, the increase in PE content was correlated with increased rate of growth. In contrast, PE content or growth rate did not change at all in 22-1 cells. In 64 24 cells radioactive Etn (0.1-50 microM) was incorporated four- to five-fold more efficiently into phospholipid, and the aqueous pool of precursors of PE was ten times less as compared to 22-1 cells, indicating that Etn-responsive cells utilize Etn supplied in the medium to synthesize PE far more efficiently than Etn nonresponsive cells. De novo synthesis of PE must not be sufficient to support optimum growth in Etn-responsive cells. PMID- 6619199 TI - Two populations of acid hydrolase-containing particles in rat epididymis. AB - Two populations of acid hydrolase-containing particles were distinguished in homogenates of rat epididymis. One of them was rich in acid phosphatase activity, equilibrated at density 1.17 in a sucrose gradient, and it sedimented between 12,000g 2.5 min and 43,000g 60 min (light particles). The other was poor in acid phosphatase activity and rich in N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, arylsulphatase, and beta-glucuronidase activity, equilibrated at density 1.20 in a sucrose gradient and it sedimented between 400g 2.5 min and 12,000g 2.5 min (heavy particles). 131I-albumin (RISA) injected into the lumen of the cauda was partially recovered in subcellular particles of homogenates of this region. These particles, incubated at pH 5, were able to digest the engulfed RISA. The subcellular distribution of RISA-containing particles and RISA-digesting particles was similar to that of the heavy hydrolase-containing particles. This suggests that these latter are engaged, at least in part, in heterophagic processes. PMID- 6619200 TI - Efflux of 45Ca2+ from human fibroblasts in response to serum or growth factors. AB - Previous studies have indicated that intracellular Ca2+ is involved in fetal bovine serum (FBS)- or growth factor (GF)-stimulated Na+ influx in human foreskin fibroblasts (HSWP). In the present study, 45Ca2+ efflux from serum-deprived HSWP cells was measured in response to 10% FBS or GF [lys-bradykinin, vasopressin, epidermal growth factor, and insulin]. Efflux data were analyzed using a computer program and the best fit indicated the presence of three Ca2+ compartments: a compartment (C1) with a very fast turnover rate, one (C2) with a fast turnover rate, and one (C3) with a slow turnover rate. When serum-deprived cells were treated with 10% FBS, efflux from C2 and C3 increased significantly (p less than 0.05). Similar effects on efflux were observed when serum-deprived cells were treated with individual GFs. Combination of the four GFs produced a higher stimulation than any single factor and a response that was equal to that of FBS. On the other hand, when cells were serum-treated in the presence of the intracellular Ca2+ antagonist, B-(N-N,diethylamino)-octyl-3,4,5 trimethoxybenzoate (TMB-8), 45Ca2+ efflux from C2 was substantially reduced. Finally, when cells were treated with the Na+ transport inhibitor amiloride, there was no significant effect on serum-stimulated Ca2+ efflux. These results are consistent with a FBS- or GF-induced mobilization of Ca2+ that can be blocked by intracellular Ca2+ antagonists, and support the hypothesis that the action of these agents on Na+ influx may be via their effects on intracellular Ca2+. PMID- 6619201 TI - Action spectrum for changes in spindle fibre birefringence after ultraviolet microbeam irradiations of single chromosomal spindle fibres in crane-fly spermatocytes. AB - Single chromosomal spindle fibres in Nephrotoma suturalis (crane-fly) spermatocytes in metaphase and anaphase were irradiated with monochromatic ultraviolet light focussed to a 2 micrometer spot. In cells in both metaphase and anaphase either the birefringence of the irradiated spindle fibre was altered in the irradiated region, or there was no change, depending on the dose and wavelength of ultraviolet light used for the irradiation. When there was an area of reduced birefringence (ARB), it moved poleward regardless of whether the associated chromosome moved poleward. When cells were irradiated in early metaphase they remained in metaphase until the ARB reached the pole. In some cells irradiated in late metaphase the chromosomes began anaphase before the ARB reached the pole; in many such cells anaphase was abnormal in that all six half bivalents separated at the start of anaphase but none moved polewards. In all cases the ARB moved poleward at the same speed as subsequent chromosome movement; that is, at about 0.8 micrometer/min. In cells irradiated in anaphase, spindle fibre birefringence was reduced independently of blockage of chromosome movement. Because birefringence and movement were altered independently there were four classes of results: (1) in some cases there was no effect on the movement of the chromosome associated with the irradiated spindle fibre and no effect on the birefringence of the irradiated spindle fibre. (2)In some cases, primarily with 260 nm wavelength light, there was no effect on the movement of the chromosome associated with the irradiated spindle fibre and there was an effect on the birefringence of the irradiated spindle fibre. (3) In some cases, primarily with 290 nm wavelength light, there was an effect on the movement of the chromosome associated with the irradiated spindle fibre and no effect on the birefringence of the irradiated spindle fibre. (4) In some cases, primarily with 270 nm and 280 nm wavelength light, there was an effect on the movement of the chromosomes associated with the irradiated spindle fibre and there was an effect on the birefringence of the irradiated spindle fibre. The action spectrum for reducing spindle fibre birefringence in crane-fly spermatocytes had two peaks, one at 260 nm and the other, less sensitive, at 280 nm. For irradiations at 270 nm, 280 nm and 290 nm, five to fifty times more energy was needed to reduce spindle fibre birefringence than to stop chromosome movement, but for irradiations at 260 nm five times less energy was needed to reduce spindle fibre birefringence than to stop chromosome movement. The action spectrum for reducing spindle fibre birefringence is quite different from that for stopping chromosome movement. PMID- 6619202 TI - Higher-order structure of chromatin from resting cells. II. High-resolution computer analysis of native chromatin fibres and freeze-etching of nuclei from rat liver cells. AB - Non-destructive electron microscopy of native chromatin from rat liver nuclei reveals that the 30 nm fibre is formed of four 11 nm nucleofilaments, arranged in a coiled-coil (or rope-like) conformation. At low ionic strength, native fibres show an alternating pattern of compact and unwound regions. Freeze-etching experiments carried out on the same nuclei are compatible with the existence of periodic attachments of the fibres to the nuclear envelope near the pores in a regular, drapery-like fashion. For the first time, computer image analysis has been applied to electron micrographs of giant chromatin fibres and a few essential geometrical parameters characterizing the conformation of the higher order structures have been determined. No significant difference has been found between calf thymus and rat liver chromatin. PMID- 6619203 TI - Spontaneous turning behaviour by Dictyostelium discoideum slugs. AB - Dictyostelium discoideum slugs migrating in the absence of external stimuli tend to continue migrating in the original randomly 'chosen' direction. Spontaneous deviations from the starting direction accumulate with time at a rate that measures the 'physiological noise' in the slugs' steering mechanism. Most of the spontaneous turning signals arise in the transduction chain 'downstream' of the convergence of photosensory and thermosensory processing, and the site(s) of action of the mutation pho-355. A significant amount of steering 'noise' arises 'upstream' of the site(s) of action of fluoride (which has specific effects on phototaxis and thermotaxis). PMID- 6619204 TI - Attachment of Paramecium to polystyrene surfaces. II. Induction of the attachment by hydrophobic reagents or immune immunoglobulin G. AB - Mating-reactive cells of Paramecium multimicronucleatum attach to a polystyrene surface (Falcon 10070 culture dishes) irrespective of extracellular ion concentration and swimming velocity. This attachment is induced in cells that are not mating-reactive by treatment with purified immunoglobulin G from antiserum, which blocks cells from mating or from antiserum prepared against the surface localized immobilization antigens. Treatment with certain hydrophobic reagents such as phenethylamine, benzylamine, amphetamine or phenylethylamine also strongly induces attachment. Similar results are obtained with P. caudatum. Micronuclear activation, which normally occurs in the conjugation process, does not occur, however, in cells that are induced to attach to the polystyrene surface. PMID- 6619205 TI - Macrocyst development in Dictyostelium discoideum. III. Cell-fusion inducing factor secreted by giant cells. AB - A factor was discovered that markedly enhances the degree of fusion activity between cells of the opposite mating-type strains, MI1 and NC4, in the sexual cycle of Dictyostelium discoideum. This factor, designated cell-fusion inducing factor (CFIF), was detected initially in supernatants taken from 24 h dark-grown mixed cultures of HM1 and NC4 cells, and subsequently shown to be secreted by giant cells - the fusion products of HM1 and NC4 cells. HM1 cells, cultured in the dark at appropriate temperature, normally acquire fusion-competence specific to NC4 cells. The addition of CFIF to such dark-grown HM1 cultures results in a marked increase in their fusion-competence. In addition, when CFIF is added to light-grown HM1 cultures, in which cells normally do not acquire the ability to fuse with NC4 cells, fusion-competence is induced. The fusion-competence of NC4 cells is unaffected by CFIF, being quite high under the culture conditions used here. Experiments, using actinomycin D, daunomycin and cycloheximide showed that the secretion of CFIF from giant cells requires synthesis of RNA and protein. Possibly, cell fusion triggers production of CFIF, which is rapidly released into the external medium. PMID- 6619206 TI - Effects of culture conditions on the proliferation, morphology and migration of bovine aortic endothelial cells. AB - Various culture conditions, such as the presence of ascorbic acid, initial plating density and the nature of the substratum (plastic, gelatin or native collagen gels), influenced the growth, morphology and migration of three cloned populations of adult bovine aorta endothelial cells. Aorta endothelial cells showed two distinctive and reversible morphological phenotypes. Cells presenting a free apical surface were polygonal and formed sheets of overlapping or non overlapping cells, depending on the culture conditions. When the cells were able to establish adhesive interactions over their entire cell surface they adopted an elongated shape and formed meshworks of interconnected 'sprouting' cells. The cells were capable of migrating into a collagen gel from both their basal and apical surfaces. Once in the gel, they formed characteristic, compact, three dimensional meshworks. PMID- 6619207 TI - X-ray microanalysis of proximal and distal tubule cells in the mouse kidney, and the influence of cadmium on the concentration of natural intracellular elements. AB - Quantitative X-ray microanalysis of frozen freeze-dried sections of mouse cortex have been used to determine the concentrations of Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K, Ca and Cd in normal mice and those subjected t 0.7 mumol of cadmium chloride in two subcutaneous injections. These injections result in tissue levels of approximately 100 mg Cd/kg dry weight (less than 1 mM) in whole kidney when analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry. There were distinct and characteristic differences -- 'fingerprints' -- in the elemental composition of both cytoplasm and mitochondria in proximal and distal tubules of normal mice that were distributed by the cadmium treatment. The most significant effect of the cadmium injections was a highly significant increase in the sulphur content of the cytoplasm and mitochondria of distal tubules and a loss in concentration of Mg, P, Cl, K, and particularly Na, from the mitochondria. These results are discussed in the light of current concepts of metallothionein induction (metallothionein is a sulphur-rich protein that acts to bind, amongst other metals, cadmium) and the lack of damage observed in the distal tubules. PMID- 6619208 TI - X-ray microanalysis of HeLa S3 cells. II. Analysis of elemental levels during the cell cycle. AB - HeLa S3 cells were synchronized using hydroxyurea. Cryoultramicrotomy and X-ray microanalysis were used to study changes occurring in concentrations of elements during the cell cycle of the synchronized cells. Three subcellular compartments were studied : cytoplasm, nucleus and nucleolus. Potassium concentrations showed little fluctuation in all of the cell compartments during the cell cycle. Sodium concentrations increased during S. and M phases, returning to lower levels in the G1 phase. Chlorine concentrations were highest during the S and G2 phases. At all stages of the cell cycle respective concentrations of potassium, sodium, sulphur and chlorine were similar in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Concentrations of phosphorus increased in the nucleus during S, G2 and M, and also showed fluctuations in the nucleolus during the cycle; these were not seen in the cytoplasm. In S, M and M/G1 sodium concentrations were highest in the nucleolus compared with the other compartments. In the cytoplasm these changes resulted in an increase in total monovalent cation concentration (i.e. sodium + potassium) during S, G2 and M, which returned to base levels after mitosis. This increase in monovalent cation concentration is due almost entirely to the increase in sodium, with little change occurring in the concentration of potassium. PMID- 6619209 TI - Isolation and characterization of invertebrate smooth septate junctions. AB - Using modifications of techniques used for the isolation of macula type intercellular junctions (gap junctions and desmosomes) the arthropod smooth septate junction has been isolated from insect midgut tissue. Midguts from cockroaches or mealworms were used and membrane fractions were obtained by sucrose gradient and ultracentrifugation techniques. Preparations with reasonable concentrations of septate junction were obtained and have been studied by thin section, negative-stain and freeze-fracture electron microscopy. The junctions appeared to be well preserved, although there was evidence that the junction strands were able to slide within the plane of the membrane. Septa were seen to have a cross-striated appearance when viewed after negative staining but their exact structure remained difficult to determine. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic studies demonstrated the reproducibility of the isolation procedure and showed that septa may have a 47 000 molecular weight glycoprotein component. Gel electrophoresis also gave some indication of the intramembrane biochemistry of the smooth septate junction, with proteins of 31 000 and 32 000 molecular weight always occurring in the junction fractions. The junctions were, however, very sensitive to both mechanical and chemical treatments, the septa were destroyed by rough homogenization or by treatment with urea at a concentration as low as 1 M. Freeze-fracture of untreated, isolated junctions demonstrated no differences from junctions in intact tissue, while replicas of urea-treated material were more difficult to interpret as the component parts of the junctions became separated once the septa had been destroyed. Gap junctions were also obtained and resisted both mechanical and chemical treatment, which destroyed the septate junctions. Their major protein component appeared to have a molecular weight of 36 000. Attempts to isolate pleated septate junctions (from insects, molluscs and annelids) by the same techniques failed, implying a significant difference in the structures of the two types of septate junction. PMID- 6619210 TI - Morphology of hyaluronidase-sensitive cell coats as seen in the SEM after freeze drying. AB - Many adherent cells in vitro are surrounded by a transparent exclusion zone or halo, several micrometers thick, which red blood cells, bacteria and carbon particles cannot penetrate. This halo is rapidly and specifically removed by hyaluronidase and its high degree of hydration is demonstrated by the fact that, although fixation does not eliminate the halo, solvent dehydration does. This latter observation means that the halo cannot be visualized by conventional electron microscopic techniques. We report here that the exclusion-zone material can, however, be seen in the scanning electron microscope if cells are fixed and frozen rapidly and then freeze-dried. Many cells in cultures from a murine fibrosarcoma or from human embryonic lung treated in this way appear to be covered by a matrix that obscures the microvilli that are visible on critical point-dried or hyaluronidase-treated, freeze-dried cells. Only where the coat is, for some reason, missing can microvilli be seen on freeze-dried cells. The coat structure varies from amorphous to an assembly of fine fibres approximately 100 nm in diameter and its appearance is very similar to that of small drops of hyaluronic acid (10(-5) micrograms ml-1) treated in the same way. Halo material is fragile and detaches itself from the cell surface within an hour of fixation. These observations suggest that the halo phenomenon reflects only the production of extracellular matrix and its turnover. The fragility of the haloes implies that, if they do exist in vivo, they are unlikely to play any structural role. The results suggest that the technique will yield information on other highly hydrated, unstable structures. PMID- 6619211 TI - Surface membrane regeneration in deciliated Tetrahymena. AB - The induced synthesis of identified surface membrane proteins has been demonstrated in deciliated Tetrahymena. Cells in the process of regenerating cilia were also studied using transmission electron microscopy in order to obtain information on the deployment of new membrane at the cell surface. The results obtained suggest a pattern of membrane flow that includes the 'pellicular alveoli', a subsurface membrane system characteristically present in ciliated protozoa. The results of 125I surface-marking experiments were consistent with the notion that new membrane is added initially in non-ciliated regions, then subsequently flows laterally to cover regenerating cilia. PMID- 6619212 TI - Higher-order structure of chromatin from resting cells. I. Electron microscopy of chromatin from calf thymus. AB - Extremely large domains of the genome of resting cells (calf thymus) have been visualized in the electron microscope by combining mild extraction procedures with a non-artifactual method of mounting the sample (the phospholipid monolayer technique). The observed chromatin strands, free from distortion, reach contour lengths up to 60 micrometers. After lysis of the nuclei, four classes of fibres may be identified on the basis of their diameters (30, 24, 18 and 11 nm, respectively). The morphology of giant chromatin strands is strikingly regular; long trains of equally sized, arc-shaped segments are observed, their length being, in many cases, multiples of a fixed value. The inflection points delimiting contiguous segments are often associated with laminar fragments of the nuclear envelope or, less frequently, linked to fibrillar elements. It appears that higher-order structures of chromatin in resting cells conform, to a large extent, to a so called 'drapery-like' mode, according to which a continuous strand runs between contiguous anchorage sites placed on the nuclear envelope. Because of the presence of regularly spaced inflection points, this organization is much more ordered than expected. Spontaneous unwinding of the fibres at low ionic strength, limited nuclease digestion, and relaxation in the presence of ethidium bromide, have been used as probes of the conformation. All these experiments rule out its identification with a single-strand helix. The final ordered state is attained by folding the basic 11 nm strand and by winding up this configuration on itself. This leads to a coiled-coil or 'rope-like' model. The 11 nm strand is 'punctuated' by sharp kinks. Roughly, it may be assimilated to a chain of semirigid, freely joined elements. As a consequence, local flexibility is greatly enhanced, so allowing the assembly mode described. PMID- 6619213 TI - A pharmaceutical information manager's viewpoint on R & D information resource management. AB - An overview of the environment (from my perspective) related to information resource management in pharmaceutical R & D has been presented. Some notions of organizational preference (functional), employee selection (chemist turned information scientist), automation (user friendly, cost effective), and the value of project teams (information transfer) have been noted. Difficulties associated with keeping our innovative tools sharp were observed. Finally, we noted that our bottom line--productivity--should first consider what is useful (effectiveness) and then learn how to do it well--efficiency. Success in the management of information resources depends on the proactive delivery of information packets which find their way into problem solving and decision support for scientists or line managers. PMID- 6619214 TI - [Voice, laryngeal nerves and thyroid surgery. Anatomic and clinical study. Results apropos of a homogeneous series of 378 interventions]. AB - The authors report their experience of thyroidectomy on the basis of 378 excisions (230 bilateral procedures). Their surgical attitude limiting nerve dissection is supported by pathological findings in 24 specimens injected with latex, emphasising the importance of the medial lateral thyrotracheal ligament as a marker. Postoperative laryngoscopy revealed 11 cases of nerve damage (8 recurrent laryngeal nerve, 3 lateral laryngeal nerve). This affected 1.3% of the recurrent laryngeal nerves and 0.57% of the lateral laryngeal nerves exposed. The lack of routine laryngoscopic follow up undoubtedly led to underestimation of the prevalence but the number of recurrent node excisions in this group undoubtedly led to overestimation. PMID- 6619216 TI - [Choledochocele in the adult]. AB - Choledochocele are cystic polypoid lesions of the end portion of the common bile duct. The occurrence of choledochocele is 4 p. cent among choledochal cysts. One case is presented in a 78-year-old woman. The treatment was surgical excision. This case was unusual by the age of the patient and by the diagnostic missed at the time of a cholecystectomy performed one year previously. PMID- 6619215 TI - [Epiphyseal detachment of the proximal end of the tibia in a child with a vascular lesion. Apropos of a case]. AB - The authors report a case of lesion of the popliteal artery associated with a fracture involving separation of the upper end of the tibia in a child following a serious accident. This lesion was treated by resection-vein graft after reduction of the fracture and immobilisation by two pins. In the light of this case, the authors undertake a review of the world literature, then assess the mechanism and the bone and vascular lesions, the various pathological classifications and the aetiologies. Finally, they emphasize the difficulty in diagnosing the bone lesion and, above all, the vascular lesion. Arteriography is indicated where there is the slightest doubt. PMID- 6619218 TI - [Comparative study of 3 portasystemic shunts following 65% hepatectomy in the dog. Evaluation of 2 specific functions of the liver]. AB - Three types of porto-systemic shunt were performed in the dog following 65% hepatectomy with the aim of determining the best porto-systemic shunt for the maintenance of hepatic function during regeneration of the liver: terminolateral portocaval shunt, mesenterico-caval shunt and spleno-pancreatico-caval shunt. The hepatic functions studied were the hydroxylation of vitamin D and proaccelerin synthesis. These functions were unaffected by the mesenterico-caval shunt whilst they were depressed to the same extent by both other types of shunt. PMID- 6619217 TI - [Evaluation of systemic antibiotic preventive treatment in colorectal surgery]. AB - A comparison was made of two methods of prophylactic antibiotic therapy against the septic complications of colonic and rectal surgery: --preoperative oral antibiotics associated with peroperative systemic antibiotics; --peroperative systemic antibiotics only, continued for 24 hours after surgery. Both types of antibiotic therapy were of short duration and were designed to cover aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Two groups of 30 patients were selected at random. They were homogeneous. The septic complication rate was 10% in the oral plus systemic and 24% in the systemic group. It is felt that the combination of oral and systemic antibiotics remains preferable, in particular bearing in mind the efficacy of oral metronidazole. PMID- 6619219 TI - [Oddi sphincterotomy by surgical retroperitoneal approach to the 2d part of the duodenum]. AB - Retroperitoneal sphincterotomy using lombotomy is an original surgical approach for treatment of retained stones of the common bile duct. Indication for this technique can be found in patients for whom a transperitoneal approach is contre indicated and when endoscopic sphincterotomy is impossible. PMID- 6619220 TI - [A case of volvulus of the gallbladder]. PMID- 6619221 TI - [Surgery of genital prolapse using the abdominal approach. Experience of the surgery and gynecology department at the Salpetriere Hospital]. AB - Excellent results lasting for at least 10 years were obtained in a series of 316 cases of genital prolapse operated upon through an abdominal approach in the Broca Center, Paris. Major sling-type operations, the source of multiple particularly urinary complications, have now been replaced by surgery usually involving a combination of the following: fixation to the promontory through the anterior ligament, an inter-vesicogenital Tergal triangle, a posterior perineorrhaphy, and sometimes an inter-rectovaginal triangle and/or a rectopexy. Rare septic complications resulted from opening of a viscus with subsequent spondylodiscitis requiring removal of the prosthesis. Acute intestinal obstruction is now rarely observed as a result of performing a subtotal hysterectomy, which enables effective peritonization to be conducted. The use of prosthetic material appears to provide durable anatomical results of good quality. PMID- 6619222 TI - [Peroperative vascular accidents during orthopedic surgery. Apropos of 55 cases]. AB - The functional or vital prognosis may be affected by the rare vascular accidents resulting from orthopedic operations. During a 10 year period (1970-1980), 55 vascular lesions were observed in 40 patients, and were either arterial (40 cases) or venous (15 cases) in type. Vascular injuries in 9 cases were due to spinal operations (cervical, lumbosacral or herniated disc arthrodesis), in 7 cases to shoulder operations (recurrent dislocation, excision of first rib), in 9 cases to hip surgery (prosthesis, plate and screws, fractured acetabulum), and in 15 cases to operations on the lower limbs (osteosynthesis of femur or tibia, meniscus operations, etc.). Emergency operation was necessary in 18 cases because of a hemorrhagic or ischemic syndrome, all other cases except three requiring secondary surgery for false aneurysms, arteriovenous fistulae, or residual ischemia. Four patients (10%) died, three following hip surgery, and 8 developed complications. The frequency, mechanism, diagnostic and therapy of these lesions are discussed. PMID- 6619223 TI - [Hepatic resections using an Nd YAG laser. Anatomic and biological results of an experimental study]. AB - Experimental hepatic resections were performed with a Nd YAG laser in 32 New Zealand rabbits. The beam was simply transmitted by a quartz fiber of 4 degrees 2 and 8 degrees in divergence for the full angle, without any focalization. Section was possible at a power output superior to 20 W requiring short cutting time. Complete hemostasis was obtained as long as the diameter of encountered vessels did not exceed 4,5 mm. Immediately after resection the parenchyma was covered by an ischemic layer varying from 2 to 8 mm. Its thickness rapidly increased to high levels whenever the power output exceeded 40 W or when hepatic pedicle was clamped. Healing process was installed at day 30. There was no hemorrhagic, biliary or septic complication. Eleven animals were alive eight months after. Histological examination revealed four layers: a first one of carbonization, a second of condensed cells, a third of edema presenting disruption of sinusoids, and a fourth one composed of progressively normal tissue. Peripherical veins presented thrombosis of their blood content and coagulative necrosis of their wall while bile canaliculi were preserved. Fibrosis appeared in the edematous layer the 10th day and was completely formed at day 30. Electron microscopic examination revealed shadowy cells embedded in the condensed layer and mitochondrial alteration in the edematous layer. The 15th day foci of cell regenerations were registered. High levels of SGOT, SGPT and LDH (fractions IV and V) were observed immediately after resection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6619224 TI - [Cervical spine injuries in children]. AB - Cervical spine injuries in children are usually benign, severe traumatism being exceptional. The authors report 4 observations of severe traumatisms, 2 of which have required surgical treatment. Moreover they insist on the interest of acupuncture in the treatment of torticollis and of pain in the cervical spine after injury. The authors also point out the frequent aspect of anterior pseudo subluxation C2-C3 which corresponds to a genuine medio-cervical physiological hinge. PMID- 6619225 TI - [Reoperative parathyroid surgery. 350 cervicotomies. 11 reoperations. Remarks]. AB - One or more repeat operations were necessary to obtain full recovery in 11 out of 350 patients receiving surgery for hyperparathyroidism. Analysis of factors, sometimes multiple, leading to failure showed: poor surgical technique (3 cases), typical (2 cases) or rare (3 cases) ectopias, a supernumerary gland (2 cases), or lack of recognition of hyperplasia of the total parathyroid system (3 cases). Indications for and tactical modalities of reoperation are discussed, and emphasis placed on the unreliability of techniques employed pre-operatively to locate the diseased gland, the very rare need for sternotomy (1 case), and the remarkable possibilities of parathyroid autografts (4 cases). (4 cases). PMID- 6619226 TI - [Vascular segmentation of the spleen in the newborn infant. Anatomical support for partial resection]. AB - Splenic artery moulds were studied from 66 full-term neonates, and the mode of termination in the hilum region and the intraparenchymatous distribution of the splenic artery analyzed. Segmental division of the neonate spleen was found to be similar to that in adults, with 2 (68,2%), 3 (10,6%) or 4 segments (4,5%). However, intersegmental anastomoses were observed in 16,7% of the specimens studied. Vascular morphology indicates that partial resection of the spleen in infants is possible. PMID- 6619227 TI - [Sequential hepatic photoscintigraphy with 99mTc HIDA as a method for evaluating alkaline reflux after gastric resection by Quiroli's method and after total gastrectomy by Moricca's method]. AB - The authors have utilized the hepatic sequential photoscintigraphy practiced with 99mTc HIDA to inquiry, into the optics of the alkaline backflow, two patterns of reconstruction after gastric surgery: 1) gastric resection by Quiroli (5 cases inquired); 2) gastrectomy by Moricca (5 cases inquired). The research has demonstrated that the reconstruction by Quiroli is utilizable in order to avoid the backflow and elides the possibility of after meal relaxation of the afferent ansa; the research applied to Moricca's method has shown that does not happen oesophageal backflow at fast and that a least and fleeting backflow happens in the first three minutes from the ingestion of the bole. The authors believe that, though applied to little cases, the practiced method is exact and electively qualified for the study of the surgery modifications of the digestive apparatus over-mesocolico. PMID- 6619228 TI - [Surgical treatment of thromboses of the inferior vena cava]. AB - Results of surgical treatment in 22 patients with inferior vena cava thrombosis from extension of femoro-iliac thrombosis are reviewed. Indications for the different types of operation and their technical modalities (thrombectomy through a femoral approach or by cavotomy, caval blockade by clip or Mobin Uddin's umbrella alone or combined with thrombectomy, arteriovenous fistula) are discussed in relation to the various pathological and clinical pictures observed. PMID- 6619229 TI - [Splanchnicectomy by Dubois' transhiatal approach. Technics, indications and results. Apropos of 25 nerve sections for visceral abdominal pain]. AB - Splanchnicectomy through Dubois, transhiatal approach was performed in 25 patients with abdominal pain of mainly pancreatic origin. The four stages of the operation are described and are facilitated by the use of a Fruchaud type of retractor and rigid, long, narrow valves to enable lateral displacement of the aorta and abdominal esophagus. After dissection of the esophageal hiatus, the Xth nerves and abdominal esophagus are isolated and the pleura detached, beginning with the anterior surface of the aorta. The greater splanchnic nerves are then isolated and sectioned and a final-stage esophageal hiatus reconstruction performed. This simple, rapid technique produces immediate, total, lasting pain relief, particularly spectacular in patients with cancer of the body of the pancreas, this representing the indication of choice for this neurectomy. Splanchnicectomy does not affect survival duration but improves the comfort and quality of this period. In hyperalgic forms of chronic pancreatitis, this nerve section can be combined with conventional surgery. There was no operative mortality in this series of 25 cases. PMID- 6619230 TI - Separation by high-performance liquid chromatography of two types of subunit from horse spleen ferritin. PMID- 6619231 TI - Separation of deamidated forms of triosephosphate isomerase by chromatofocusing. A comparison of chromatofocusing with column isoelectric focusing. PMID- 6619232 TI - Analysis of mimosine and 3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridone in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6619233 TI - Separation of oestrogens in biological fluids and synthetic mixtures on Sephadex G-type gels. AB - The separations achieved when mixtures of both free and conjugated oestrogens from a variety of sources are chromatographed on columns of Sephadex gel are reviewed. The molecular identities of oestrogen conjugates which have been separated from human urine by these methods are listed in Table 1. Tables 2 and 3 contain the key experimental details for a total of 26 separations of oestrogen mixtures, abstracted from the total of 20 papers which were published during the period 1961-82. Table 4 details corresponding experimental data for the separation of free oestriol (in human blood) achieved by methods involving a combined Sephadex gel and immunochemical procedure abstracted from a further two papers. A careful analysis of the separation data given in the tables leads to the initial conclusion that the elution profile depends on the expected chromatographic variables for gel filtration chromatography, namely, type of Sephadex gel, length of column, nature and amount of sample applied and the sensitivity of detection methods. However, the separation achieved by the Sephadex columns is also shown to be critically dependent on the column temperature and the pH and chemical composition of the eluent and wash solvents. These latter effects, together with the realization that the molecular weights of the oestrogens being separated are very similar, leads to the conclusion that the separations summarized in Tables 2 and 3 are all being achieved by an absorption process. This being the case, it is suggested that the time-consuming methods of gel filtration chromatography need not be used. Confirmation of this proposal is afforded by a discussion of a recent paper in which the rapid separation of the oestrogens from other components in the biological matrix (urine) was achieved by an adsorption procedure. It is suggested that in the future, separations of oestrogens in biological materials may be most rapidly achieved in combining this type of adsorption procedure with HPLC. PMID- 6619234 TI - Hawkinsinuria--identification of quinolacetic acid and pyroglutamic acid during an acidotic phase. AB - A second Australian family with the genetic disease Hawkinsinuria has been identified. Affected members excrete hawkinsin and cis- and trans-4 hydroxycyclohexylacetic acid. An infant in this family presented with metabolic acidosis and excreted quinolacetic acid and pyroglutamic acid in the urine together with the tyrosine derived phenolic acids reported in the original index case. It is thought that quinolacetic acid is accumulated as a by-product of the partially defective enzyme, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.27) and that pyroglutamic acid indicated lowered glutathione levels. PMID- 6619235 TI - Determination of catecholamines in human serum by micro high-performance liquid chromatography with micro precolumn and dual electrochemical detection. AB - A dual electrochemical detector having two working electrodes (anode and cathode) in parallel--opposed configuration suitable for micro high-performance liquid chromatography was developed for the selective and sensitive detection of catecholamines on the basis of their electrochemical reversibility and catalytic amplification by recycling oxidation and re-reduction. The micro high-performance liquid chromatographic system with a micro alumina precolumn for enriching catecholamines and the dual electrochemical detector in parallel--opposed configuration was successfully utilized for the determination of catecholamines in healthy human serum injected directly after ultrafiltration. PMID- 6619236 TI - Chromatographic analysis of blood lipids. Comparison between gas chromatography and thin-layer chromatography with flame ionization detection. AB - Intact human blood plasma lipids of different composition were analyzed by gas chromatography and thin-layer chromatography with flame ionization detection. The reproducibility of the results obtained by gas and thin-layer chromatography was compared. The main advantages and disadvantages of both methods for lipid analysis are discussed. Generally, the variability of the results measured by thin-layer chromatography in series and from day to day was greater than that obtained by gas chromatography. PMID- 6619237 TI - Assay for codeine, morphine and ten potential urinary metabolites by gas chromatography--mass fragmentography. AB - A mass fragmentography (MF) assay is described for ten potential, minor urinary metabolites of codeine (C) and morphine (M). Samples were hydrolyzed, extracted, derivatized with Tri-Sil Z and analyzed by methane chemical ionization (CI)-MF. The method is sensitive to ca. 0.01 microgram/ml for all compounds with the exception of normorphine (NM) which was difficult to extract with chloroform. The sensitivity of the MF assay for NM was only ca. 0.10 microgram/ml. Various solvent systems were investigated for optimization of extraction efficiency of all metabolites. A separate method for the extraction of NM is reported which utilizes a solid buffer--solvent combination, i.e., potassium carbonate- isopropanol. This latter method provided the best overall recovery of NM (39.0 +/ 3.4%). Gas chromatographic (GC) retention times of C, M and metabolites are reported for three liquid phases (3%) on Gas-Chrom Q (100-120 mesh). Resolution of metabolites (as trisilyl derivatives) was best on Silar-5CP and this phase was used in metabolic studies of C and M. GC resolution was not complete for all compounds; however, selection of specific ions for monitoring by MF provided the required specificity for all compounds except the 6 alpha- and 6 beta-hydroxy isomers. CI spectra for all metabolites are reported. The MF assay was used for urinary analysis of samples from guinea pigs that received single doses of C (15 mg/kg) or M (8 mg/kg). Following C administration 6 alpha- and 6 beta-hydrocodol, 6 alpha, beta-hydromorphol (undifferentiated), HM and M were measured. Following M administration only 6 alpha, beta-hydromorphol was found. The amount of total metabolite as percent dose for each component was calculated as less than 1%. PMID- 6619238 TI - Routine determination of hydroxyphenytoin in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography using an automatic column-switching technique. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of the main phenytoin metabolite, hydroxyphenytoin, in the urine of epileptic patients is described. The use of an automated column-switching technique greatly simplifies the pretreatment steps. Thereby, both time and chemicals are saved. The possibility of error arising during the several pretreatment steps is considerably reduced. Following acid hydrolysis of the hydroxyphenytoin glucuronic acid conjugate the sample is diluted with water and after centrifugation is injected onto the pre-column. After washing for a short time with water, the substances which were absorbed on the head of the pre-column were backflushed with water--acetonitrile as eluent onto the analytical column. Separation is achieved by gradient elution using an ODS reversed-phase column with a particle size of 5 microns. PMID- 6619239 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of galanthamine, a long acting anticholinesterase drug, in serum, urine and bile. AB - The anticholinesterase drug galanthamine is obtained from alkalinized serum by repeated liquid--liquid extraction. The resulting extract is approximately 100 times concentrated with respect to the original sample. Quantitative determination of galanthamine is performed with normal-phase liquid chromatography using a mixture of dichloromethane--n-hexane and ethanolamine as an eluent. Phenacetin is used as internal standard. The absorption of the column effluent is monitored at 235 nm. No endogenous sources of interference have been observed. A galanthamine serum level of 5 ng/ml is found as the minimum detectable concentration; the coefficient of variation at this level is 37.8% (n = 4). For the assay of galanthamine in the concentration range 10-100 ng/ml, standard deviations vary between 18.9 and 2.5% (n = 32). PMID- 6619240 TI - Determination of noscapine in plasma by liquid chromatography. AB - A liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of noscapine in plasma. Noscapine and the internal standard, papaverine, were extracted into methylene chloride by column extraction. The separation was performed on a straight-phase liquid chromatographic system using a mobile phase of hexane--methanol--chloroform--diethylamine. A high detection selectivity was obtained by UV detection at 310 nm. The precision of the method was 3.8% (standard deviation) at a level of 89 ng/ml and 9.5% (standard deviation) at 5.9 ng/ml. The selectivity of the analytical method was evaluated by comparing analytical results after isolation of extracts of plasma samples on reversed- and straight-phase liquid chromatographic systems. PMID- 6619241 TI - Rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the measurement of atenolol in plasma using UV detection. AB - A rapid, selective and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the measurement of the beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug atenolol in small (400 microliters) volumes of plasma. Following solid phase sample preparation using Bond-ElutTM mini-columns the compound is separated by high-performance column liquid chromatography on a microparticulate (6 microns) cyano column using acetonitrile--ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (4:96) containing triethylamine (0.25%, v/v) as the mobile phase, and the absorption of the column effluent is monitored at 224 nm. The practical limit of quantitation, based upon an assay volume of 400 microliters, is 25 ng/ml for atenolol. The average coefficient of variation is 3.1%. PMID- 6619242 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of aflatoxins in human urine. AB - A method was developed for the extraction and determination of unconjugated aflatoxins in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. The analysis is based on the elimination of lipid-soluble constituents other than unconjugated aflatoxins in urine by light petroleum extraction. The unconjugated aflatoxins were subsequently extracted from the aqueous phase with chloroform-acetone. Chromatography was performed isocratically with a silica column at 40 degrees C. The resolved aflatoxins were detected and identified by ultraviolet and fluorometric detectors. The recoveries of aflatoxins B1 and G1 added prior to the extraction were 72% and 83%, respectively. This procedure is simple, sensitive and practically useful for epidemiological survey of unconjugated aflatoxins in human urine from areas with a high risk of aflatoxin consumption. PMID- 6619243 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of glucose in serum with glucose oxidase- catalase system. PMID- 6619244 TI - Phospholipid analysis and fatty acid content in platelets by the combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and glass capillary gas--liquid chromatography. PMID- 6619246 TI - Improved method for high energy nucleotide analysis of canine cardiac muscle using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6619245 TI - Dyes permit immediate evaluation of high-performance liquid chromatographic system performance. Application to high-performance chromatography with radioimmunoassay detection. PMID- 6619247 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in serum. PMID- 6619248 TI - Separation of porcine zona pellucida components by high-performance liquid chromatography on styro-gel protein columns. PMID- 6619249 TI - Protein titration curves using modified cellulose acetate membranes. PMID- 6619250 TI - Electron-capture--gas chromatographic analysis of ifosfamide in human plasma and urine. PMID- 6619251 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of tamoxifen and major metabolites in human plasma. PMID- 6619252 TI - A sensitive assay method for pimozide in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. PMID- 6619253 TI - Improved liquid chromatographic analysis of phenytoin and salicylate using radial compression separation. PMID- 6619254 TI - Determination of mexiletine and its metabolites in serum by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. PMID- 6619255 TI - [Fluorimetric determination of naproxen in blood by direct quantitative high capacity thin-layer chromatography]. PMID- 6619256 TI - Use of the cross-reactivity with hepatitis B virus antigens and antibodies for the demonstration of a woodchuck hepatitis virus 'e' antigen-antibody system. AB - Woodchucks hepatitis virus (WHV)-associated antigens and antibodies were studied using current sensitive radio- or enzyme immunoassays (RIA, EIA). A significant cross-reactivity was observed between hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and woodchuck hepatitis surface antigen (WHsAg) using RIA or EIA (Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Ill., U.S.A.) although not with two other commercial EIA tested (Organon Technika, Oss, The Netherlands; Behringwerke AG, Marburg, F.R.G.). A weak but significant reactivity was also found when woodchuck sera positive for WHsAg or anti-WHs by immunodiffusion were tested for HBeAg and anti HBe by RIA, suggesting the existence of a WHeAg-anti-WHe system in infected woodchucks. The specificity of this e-anti-e reactivity in the woodchuck was further confirmed by successful absorption experiments. WHsAg and WHeAg could be distinguished serologically by immunodiffusion and separated from each other by ultracentrifugation and ammonium sulphate precipitation. A WHeAg preparation was used to boost the presumed natural antibody activity of an immune woodchuck. The specific anti-HBe response detected by RIA during the immunization experiments demonstrated the existence of a soluble WHeAg cross-reacting with the human HBe anti-HBe system. This was confirmed in immunodiffusion by a partial identity between the precipitin lines formed by the WHeAg-anti-Whe and HBeAg-anti-HBe reaction. Whether the WHe-Ag-anti-WHe system wil mimick HBeAg and anti-HBe in all their clinico-pathological correlations, deserves further study. PMID- 6619257 TI - Randomization and optimal design. PMID- 6619258 TI - The use of epidemiologic data for personal risk assessment in health hazard/health risk appraisal programs. AB - Health Hazard/Health Risk Appraisal (HHA/HRA) programs employ personal risk assessment as an educational and motivational technique to encourage the adoption of healthier lifestyles by health education clients. We have reviewed the scientific basis of of the risk assessments provided in HHA/HRA. There are severe limitations in both the data and the risk estimation procedures. Various undocumented assumptions enter into the projections; several key aspects are arbitrary. Proposals for improvement of the procedure generally require data that are not available. Attention has largely focused on increasing mathematical sophistication (e.g. adjustment for competing risks) while ignoring problems in accuracy of the client data from which projections are calculated and serious questions about the health education messages implicit in the appraisal results. Health Hazard/Health Risk Appraisal programs should be candid about the limitations of the technique. Use of appraisal results for evaluation purposes is questionable. The health education messages produced by such programs deserve attention, since their appropriateness, especially for clients who are not white, middle class and middle-aged, has not been established. PMID- 6619259 TI - Breast cancer and oral contraceptive use: a case-control study. AB - The effect of oral contraceptive (OC) use was examined among parous breast cancer cases diagnosed at less than or equal to 45 years of age, and in two different general population control groups of parous women. The primary analysis compared 278 cases with 520 controls. In the secondary analysis, a subgroup of 190 cases were compared with 190 controls from another reference group. In both analyses, ever use of OC, duration of OC use, and OC use prior to first pregnancy showed no significant association with breast cancer risk. Also in both analyses, in women with prior benign breast disease OC use increased the risk of breast cancer, although this finding was statistically significant only in the larger group used in the primary analysis. PMID- 6619260 TI - Tracking of cardiovascular disease risk factor variables in school-age children. AB - Persistence in ranks (tracking) for cardiovascular disease risk factor variables was examined in 2236 children who were screened three times over a 5-yr period. As expected, the greatest persistence was noted for height (r = 0.47-0.99) and weight (r = 0.70-0.96). Correlation coefficients for systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure ranged from 0.38 to 0.66 and 0.22 to 0.49 respectively. Among lipids, the correlations were highest for serum beta-lipoprotein cholesterol ranging from 0.62 to 0.78. For those children who were at or above the 90th percentile on a risk factor variable during the first examination, a tendency to retain their ranks in the second and third examinations was noted. For systolic blood pressure, 35% of those initially high remained high in the second examination and 30% in the third examination. Correspondingly, for those initially high for beta-lipoprotein cholesterol, 47 and 41% remained high. A linear discriminant model was used to distinguish characteristics of children who persisted at high rankings and those who did not. The model was effective for total and beta-lipoprotein cholesterol, but only moderately so for systolic blood pressure. PMID- 6619261 TI - Old people in hospitals. AB - This article is a personal tale of one geriatrician's struggle to integrate good medical care of hospitalized old people with the intellectual rigor of an academic medical center. PMID- 6619262 TI - Sample size requirements. PMID- 6619263 TI - Medical evaluations in nursing homes. PMID- 6619264 TI - Use of a two-site immunoradiometric assay for growth hormone (GH) in identifying children with GH-dependent growth failure. AB - Children with GH-dependent growth failure have normal GH responses to provocative stimuli, but, nonetheless, show increased growth rates when treated with replacement doses of human GH. We studied the GH secreted by 8 such children using a 2-site immunoradiometric assay for GH (IRMA-GH). To be detected in this assay, a GH molecule must be able to react simultaneously with two different monoclonal antibodies, each specific for a different region of the GH molecule. We compared the GH values observed in the IRMA to those obtained using classical RIA for GH (RIA-GH). The IRMA-GH to RIA-GH ratio was not affected by time of sample collection relative to peak GH serum levels in either normal individuals or children with GH-dependent growth failure. The ratios in serum samples from children with GH-dependent growth failure were significantly lower than those observed in normal individuals [0.35 +/- 0.005 vs. 0.48 +/- 0.02 (+/- SE); P less than 0.001]. All of the children with GH-dependent growth failure had IRMA-GH to RIA-GH ratios less than 0.4, while only 7 of 24 normal individuals had ratios this low (P less than 0.005). We suggest that a comparison of IRMA-GH with RIA-GH may supplement other clinical measurements and aid in identifying children with GH-dependent growth failure. PMID- 6619266 TI - The site of leakage of intrafollicular thyroglobulin into the blood stream in simple human goiter. AB - Serum thyroglobulin is increased in many thyroid diseases, including simple goiter. We followed thyroglobulin levels in 19 patients with diffuse and nodular euthyroid goiters by serial measurements of 80 samples over 2 yr. The large intraindividual variations suggested episodic release of thyroglobulin in this thyroid disease. To test the hypothesis that the phenomenon was due to sporadic release of colloid from diseased follicles, we studied 98 multinodular goiters by conventional histological techniques. Sixty-four surgical samples were auto radiographed. Focal necrosis of single follicles as well as large necrotic areas, involving multiple follicles together with interstitial stroma, were found in 42% of the goiter specimens. The earliest stage of necrosis was focal death of epithelial cells, often followed by hemorrhages. Through the epithelial gaps, colloid leaked out into the interstitial space. In later stages, granulation tissue containing numerous macrophages invaded damaged follicles. Fibrous scars remained as ultimate witness of repair processes. In one chance observation, acute release of highly labeled thyroglobulin from follicular lumina into the interfollicular interstitium was autoradiographically documented. We conclude that the varying concentrations of thyroglobulin in serum of patients with simple goiter may result from episodic necrosis of follicles, permitting leakage of colloid into the interfollicular space. PMID- 6619265 TI - The role of human growth hormone in the regulation of cholesterol and bile acid metabolism. AB - Cholesterol and bile acid metabolism was studied in 16 children with human GH (hGH) deficiency (11 with isolated hGH deficiency and 5 with multiple trophic hormone deficiency) before and after 6 months of hGH therapy. We measured plasma lipid concentrations, biliary lipid composition, and cholesterol saturation indices; calculated the bile acid pool size measured by the isotopic dilution technique using the stable isotope chenodeoxycholic-[11,12-d2] acid; and measured cholesterol and bile acid synthetic rates by sterol balance techniques. In all 16 patients, plasmas lipid concentrations were unchanged after hGH therapy; total plasma cholesterol was 182 +/- 10 (+/-SEM) mg/dl before and 179 +/- 9 mg/dl after treatment, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol was 47 +/- 2 mg/dl before and 49 +/- 3 mg/dl after treatment, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol was 112 +/- 10 mg/dl before and 111 +/- 8 mg/dl after therapy, and triglyceride was 113 +/- 13 mg/dl before and 107 +/- 10 mg/dl after hGH therapy. Biliary lipid composition and cholesterol saturation in 10 patients were similar to those in controls and unchanged with hGH therapy. Cholesterol synthesis (n = 14) was unchanged (7.6 +/- 1.4 vs. 9.6 +/- 1.2 mg/kg X day); however, bile acid synthesis (n = 15) increased from 3.1 +/- 0.4 to 4.3 +/- 0.6 mg/kg X day (P less than 0.025) after therapy. The chenodeoxycholate pool size (n = 8) was significantly reduced (P less than 0.025) before hGH treatment (416 +/- 64 mg/m2) compared to that in controls (617 +/- 45 mg/m2) and increased to 620 +/- 72 mg/m2 after hGH therapy (P less than 0.05). Chenodeoxycholate pool size expansion during hGH therapy was, at least in part, caused by an increase in hepatic bile acid synthesis. These findings suggest that hGH may indirectly modulate cholesterol metabolism through regulation of hepatic cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity, the rate-limiting enzyme of bile acid synthesis. PMID- 6619267 TI - Effect of amiloride with or without hydrochlorothiazide on urinary calcium and saturation of calcium salts. AB - To assess the therapeutic role of amiloride in calcium nephrolithiasis, seven patients with renal stones were evaluated before and after 1 month of treatment each with amiloride (2.5 mg twice daily), hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg, twice daily), and both drugs at the same dosages. Although amiloride alone reduced urinary calcium in only two patients, it caused a slightly more prominent decline in urinary calcium when added to hydrochlorothiazide treatment in five patients. The urinary saturation of stone-forming salts (brushite and calcium oxalate) decreased significantly during treatment with hydrochlorothiazide alone or in combination with amiloride. Although the decrease in brushite saturation was slightly more marked with the combined treatment, the reduction in calcium oxalate saturation was equivalent during the two treatment phases. Although serum potassium was significantly reduced during combined treatment with amiloride and hydrochlorothiazide, this reduction was not as prominent as that occurring during treatment with hydrochlorothiazide alone. The results suggest that the addition of amiloride to hydrochlorothiazide treatment in calcium nephrolithiasis may be advantageous, because of its stimulation, though slight, of the thiazide-induced reduction of urinary calcium and saturation of calcium phosphate and because it may avert the development of severe hypokalemia. PMID- 6619268 TI - Distinguishing the steroidogenic roles of granulosa and theca cells of the dominant ovarian follicle and corpus luteum. AB - In order to determine the relative contribution of granulosa cells and follicular fluid of the preovulatory follicle to ovarian and peripheral vein levels of principal steroids in the late follicular phase, as well as the importance of granulosa cells and theca cells in subsequent corpus luteum function, 32 rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys were studied. In group one (n = 10), they were bled from the femoral vein daily throughout the cycle and sera assayed for FSH, LH, estradiol, and progesterone. In addition, they were laparotomized in the late follicular phase when serum estradiol (by rapid assay) had exceeded 150 pg/ml for about 24 h. Ovarian vein blood was taken ipsilateral to the dominant follicle, followed by aspiration of follicular contents and rinsing of the antrum to remove as many granulosa cells as possible without disturbing the thecal layers. Also, blood from the contralateral ovarian vein was obtained, as well as a second collection from the ipsilateral ovarian vein 15 min after follicular aspiration; a second peripheral sample was obtained immediately thereafter. Ovarian vein asymmetry of estradiol, progesterone, and androstenedione, but not 17-OH progesterone, was noted in every case (i.e. higher steroid levels were associated with the putative dominant follicle). After follicular aspiration, high concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, and androstenedione in ovarian venous effluent fell (P less than 0.001) by nearly 70% from preaspiration levels; concurrently, peripheral levels of estradiol and progesterone were reduced by about 40%. Conversely, 17-OH progesterone was unaffected. Integrated progesterone levels throughout the subsequent luteal phase, but not serum estradiol, were significantly (P less than 0.001) less in the experimental monkeys (after aspirating/rinsing) compared to controls, although luteal phase length was unchanged (14.33 vs. 14.83 days). Groups two (n = 7) and three (n = 15) were employed to assess the influence of vascular trauma caused by either continuous cannulation or serial (up to six insults) venipuncture, on the concentrations of the principal ovarian steroids in ovarian vein blood.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6619269 TI - A time-dependent peak of oxytocin exists in cerebrospinal fluid but not in plasma of humans. AB - Oxytocin (OT) and the oxytocin-neurophysin (OT-Np) were measured by RIA in samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained sequentially at 0600, 1200, 1800, and 2400 h from six patients in whom intrathecal catheters were temporarily placed for CSF rhinorrhea. The highest levels of OT in CSF were found at 1200 h. An analysis of variance of sequential measures of the concentration of OT in samples of CSF obtained every 6 h over a 30-h period showed the mean levels (+/- SEM) of OT at 1200 h, 6.41 +/- 1.13 microU/ml and 5.06 +/- 0.58 microU/ml, to be significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than mean levels of OT at 0600 h, 2.50 +/ 0.65 microU/ml; 1800 h, 2.63 +/- 0.61 microU/ml and 2.64 +/- 1.21 microU/ml; and 2400 h, 2.86 +/- 1.13 microU/ml. The levels of OT-Np in CSF did not show a similar peak. In three of the patients simultaneous samples of blood were obtained for measurement of the same peptides, but no corresponding peak of OT or its Np was found in plasma of these three patients. The level of OT in CSF at all times was also significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than the level of OT in plasma of these three patients. Levels of OT and OT-Np were measured by RIA of samples of plasma obtained hourly for a 24-h period from six healthy men and six healthy women. No diurnal variation of OT or its Np in the plasma of men or women was found. This pattern of OT in the CSF of humans is similar to the pattern of OT in the CSF of the Rhesus monkey, but in contrast to the lack of a clearly defined peak of OT in the CSF of the cat or the rat. These observations in humans reinforce the differences among species of the secretion of OT in the CSF. PMID- 6619270 TI - Carbamazepine diminishes the sensitivity of the plasma arginine vasopressin response to osmotic stimulation. AB - Carbamazepine, a drug used to treat manic-depressive illness, has been reported to possess antidiuretic properties, but its effects on arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion are controversial. Consequently, we examined plasma AVP secretion during hypertonic (5%) saline infusion in seven manic-depressive patients while on placebo and after 3-5 weeks of carbamazepine treatment. We also measured carbamazepine's effects on basal levels of the hormone in cerebrospinal fluid. Carbamazepine significantly reduced the sensitivity of the plasma AVP response to osmotic stimulation without affecting the osmotic threshold for AVP secretion. Moreover, carbamazepine did not affect baseline weight, plasma osmolality, plasma sodium, urine output, plasma AVP, or cerebrospinal fluid AVP. Although the functional significance of these findings remain to be fully determined, the fact that carbamazepine significantly reduced AVP secretion without inducing diuresis supports previous suggestions that carbamazepine enhances renal responsivity to available AVP. In addition, since carbamazepine failed to affect the osmotic threshold, the reported cases of carbamazepine-induced inappropriate AVP secretion and water intoxication must be very uncommon and probably represent idiosyncratic responses. PMID- 6619271 TI - Exaggerated circadian variation in basal thyrotropin (TSH) and in the dopaminergic inhibition of TSH release in pathological hyperprolactinemia: evidence against a hypothalamic dopaminergic defect. AB - In order to delineate more accurately the dopaminergic control of anterior pituitary function in normal subjects and in patients with pathological hyperprolactinemia, we investigated the nature of the circadian variation in the dopaminergic inhibition of TSH release in such subjects. Ten euthyroid women with hyperprolactinemia due to presumed PRL-secreting microadenomas (aged 18-60 yr) were compared with 11 normal, euthyroid women (aged 18-32 yr). Each received the dopamine receptor blocking drug domperidone (10 mg, iv) at 1100 and 2300 h (tests randomized and separated by at least 1 week). Blood was sampled 10, 20, 30, 45, and 60 min after drug administration. Normal women had a greater TSH response to domperidone and, hence, greater dopaminergic inhibition of TSH release at 2300 than at 1100 h (sum of TSH increments; mU/liter mean +/- SE, 8.5 +/- 1.3 vs. 4.8 +/- 0.5, P less than 0.01), whereas there was no difference in the dopaminergic inhibition of PRL release at each time of day. Hyperprolactinemic women also had a significantly greater TSH response to domperidone at 2300 than at 1100 h (42.0 +/- 10.2 vs. 19.1 +/- 2.8, P less than 0.001). The hyperprolactinemic women had a greater TSH response to domperidone than normal women at each time of day studied (1100 h, 19.1 +/- 2.8 vs. 4.8 +/- 0.5, P less than 0.001; 2300 h, 42.0 +/- 10.2 vs. 8.5 +/- 1.3, P less than 0.001). The incremental PRL responses to domperidone were significantly less in hyperprolactinemic than in normal women and did not differ at each time of day. In conclusion, the circadian change in the dopaminergic inhibition of TSH secretion is specific for TSH and not PRL. This indicates that the dopaminergic control of TSH and PRL secretion can be dissociated in normal subjects. Second, hyperprolactinemic women with presumed PRL-secreting microadenomas had qualitatively normal but quantitatively exaggerated circadian pattern of dopaminergic inhibition of TSH release. These data argue against a hypothalamic dopaminergic defect in hyperprolactinemia and support the view that the established dopaminergic defect in the inhibition of PRL release is related specifically to PRL control and may well be at the anterior pituitary level. PMID- 6619272 TI - Inhibitory action of bromocriptine and tamoxifen on the growth of human pituitary tumors in soft agar. AB - Human pituitary tumors were studied in vitro using the clonogenic stem cell assay. Mechanical dispersion was used to prepare single cell suspensions for plating. Colony formation occurred in 21 of 24 tumors plated. Bromocriptine (Brc; 10 nM) added to the medium resulted in a significant decrease in the number of colonies formed in 5 of 10 prolactinomas and in 1 tumor secreting both PRL and GH. However, PRL secretion was decreased in 8 of 9 tumors tested. Brc had no effect on either colony formation or hormone secretion in other tumors secreting GH (n = 2), ACTH (n = 2), or FSH (n = 1) or in nonsecreting tumors (n = 4). Tamoxifen (Tam; 10(-7) M) inhibited colony formation in 6 of 10 prolactinomas and in 1 tumor secreting GH and PRL. PRL secretion into the medium correlated with the changes in the number of colonies. Tam was not effective in any other tumor tested. In only 1 instance was there a synergistic action between Brc and Tam on inhibition of colony formation. Brc, but not Tam, caused a significant decrease in the size of the colonies formed from cells of PRL-secreting tumors. The least numbers of colonies per plate were found in 3 prolactinomas from patients treated preoperatively with Brc. We conclude that the soft agar clonogenic assay technique is a feasible method to study human pituitary tumors in vitro. Both Brc and Tam inhibited colony formation in this system in a significant proportion of tumors. The potential antiproliferative action of Tam in vivo needs to be studied in view of these results. PMID- 6619273 TI - Mode of secretion of bioactive luteinizing hormone in man. AB - The episodic nature of gonadotropin secretion was originally defined by RIA of circulating LH concentrations. We analyzed the pulsatile release of biologically active LH by measuring plasma LH concentrations in the rat interstitial cell testosterone bioassay. A computer algorithm to discriminate true biological signals (LH pulses) from background variation was applied to serially sampled LH data from seven men and seven postmenopausal women. Our results indicate the following. 1) In all subjects, mean bioactive LH values were considerably higher than immunoactive levels, (41.4 +/- 15.1 and 450 +/- 243 mIU/ml vs. 10.2 +/- 2.3 and 83 +/- 35 for men and postmenopausal women, respectively). There was a corresponding 4-fold increase in the total area under the bioactive LH secretion profile compared with that defined for the immunoactive hormone. 2) The absolute amplitude of the bioactive LH peaks was 0.5- to 11-fold higher than the immunoactive values. 3) Although the majority of the LH peaks were coincident by bioassay and RIA, significant dissociation occurred in 20% and 28% of the total LH peaks (rat interstitial cell testosterone bioassay and RIA) in men and postmenopausal women, respectively. 4) Significant increases in the bioactive to immunoactive ratio over interpulse bioactive to immunoactive levels occurred in 98% of the pulses in the men and 83% of those in postmenopausal women. Also, in two men, peaks of LH bioactivity exceeding 100 mIU were followed by major increases in serum testosterone concentrations. These findings demonstrate the value of bioactive LH determinations and indicate that LH is secreted in pulses of high biological activity. The in vitro LH bioassay provides a sensitive and appropriate estimate of functionally active LH in the circulation. PMID- 6619274 TI - [35S]autoradiographic study of sulfated GAG accumulation and turnover in embryonic mouse tooth germs. AB - The accumulation of sulfated GAG in embryonic mouse molars before, during, and after terminal differentiation of odontoblasts was localized by [35S]autoradiography combined with the use of chondroitin ABC lyase. Much more sulfated GAG were accumulated in the dental papilla than in the dental epithelium. High incorporation of [35S]sulfate occurred at the epithelio mesenchymal junction, which is the site of dental basement membrane and predentin. Before terminal differentiation of odontoblasts, the distribution of sulfated GAG was uniform at the basement membrane. After the onset of terminal differentiation of odontoblasts, much more sulfated GAG accumulated at the tip of principal cusps than at the apical (inferior) parts of cusps, and sulfated GAG were then found to be degraded more rapidly at the epithelio-mesenchymal junction than at other parts of the tooth germ. Thus regional variation in the rate of degradation of GAG exists in the tooth germs. Trypsin-isolated dental epithelia cultured in vitro synthesized a new basement membrane that could be labeled with [3H]glucosamine but not with 35SO4(-2). The epithelial-derived basal lamina contains little or no sulfatated GAG. PMID- 6619275 TI - Dental lamina develops even within the mouse diastema. AB - In embryos of albino mice of ICR strain, collected between days 13 and 15, the epithelial lining within the future upper maxillary diastema was studied using frontal histological sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin and PAS methods. In embryos harvested on the 12th hr of day 13 (stage 13/12), a continuous epithelial rudiment of dentition was found in the anterior extension of the epithelial anlage of the first upper molar, up to the level of the lower anterior margin of the primary choana. In this stage the rudiment acquired, in the most anterior region of the future diastema, an arrangement typical for the dental lamina. In its dorsal extension there was found a distinct tooth anlage at the transitory stage lamina bud, which further (at stage 13/24) disintegrated into several segments. Starting with the day 14 (stage 14/12), the epithelial rudiment of dentition within the future upper diastema began to regress. From the stage 14/24 on, the anlage persisted only in its posterior terminal part where it merged with the epithelial lamina extending anteriorly from the anlage of the first upper molar. The existence of the dentition rudiment within the future mouse diastema constitutes the ontogenetic evidence that the diastema originates only secondarily--by regression. In some mutant strains of mice (tabby, crooked, sleek), the regression appears incomplete. The odontogenic potency of mouse diastema tissues should be considered when interpreting the results of in vitro experiments investigating the odontogenic inductive tissue interactions in mouse. PMID- 6619276 TI - Development of the secondary palate in the rat: a scanning electron microscopic study. AB - Normal palatogenesis was studied in the Sprague-Dawley rat, using fetuses of a precise, individually determined age (between 15 and 21 days of pregnancy) and scanning electron microscopy. Individual fetal age deviated markedly from gestational age determined by the vaginal smear method. Palatal closure, ie elevation and fusion of the anterior and remodeling of the middle zones as well as fusion of the posterior zone all occurred between 16.0 and 17.5 days of fetal age, ie earlier than in Wistar rat fetuses. Prior to fusion, the medial edges of palatal shelves revealed two distinct zones of initial surface alterations: one at the maximum anterior shelf convexity, the other at the caudal end of the posterior shelf portion. A similar zone was found at the free edge of the nasal septum. Subsequent oral aspects of palatogenesis including formation and fate of the midpalatal fusion line, the development and fusion of palatine rugae, the union between primary palate and the secondary palatal shelves, the development of palatine foraminae as well as the development of the soft palate following shelf closure are described in detail. It is suggested that (1) cobblestone appearance of surface cells reflects undifferentiated epithelial status rather than marks future fusion zones; (2) closure between primary and secondary palate involves two different mechanisms, ie furrow closure by growth lateral to and epithelial fusion between the palatine foraminae; and (3) fusion of the posterior shelf portions (soft palate) may occur independently from fusion in the anterior region. PMID- 6619277 TI - Craniofacial correlates of dietary consistency in a nonhuman primate. AB - Forty-three squirrel monkeys were raised on either naturally tough or artificially softened foods. Significant differences were found in craniofacial and occlusal development between hard and soft diet animals: The latter exhibit maxillary arch narrowing, palatal arching, rotated and displaced teeth, crowded premolars, and retarded cranial bone mineralization. The correlates in results between soft diet squirrel monkeys and American children suggest that dietary consistency may be an important factor in human craniofacial growth. PMID- 6619278 TI - Criteria for distinction of different epithelial phenotypes covering murine palatal shelves at the stage of fusion. AB - Of the major three positional regions associated with secondary palate morphogenesis, the medial edge epithelium facilitates palate fusion during mouse embryogenesis. The epithelial phenotype appears to be acquired vis-a-vis reciprocal and interdependent epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. The objective of the present study is to describe the histological features of the oral, nasal, and medial edge epithelia as well as adjacent ectomesenchyme in vivo and in vitro, during the 14th day of gestation and through 16 hr incubation. Swiss strain mouse embryos were used to investigate epithelial differentiation in vivo as well as in vitro. Histologic criteria used to distinguish different epithelial phenotypes included: (i) orientation of the nucleus, (ii) staining properties of the nuclei, (iii) pattern of intercellular spaces, and (iv) cell degeneration. These criteria were also effective in identifying different populations of ectomesenchymal cells adjacent to the oral, nasal, and medial edge palatal epithelia. PMID- 6619279 TI - Epidemiology of gentamicin-resistant, gram-negative bacillary colonization in a spinal cord injury unit. AB - A prospective epidemiological survey of a spinal cord injury unit for gentamicin resistant, gram-negative bacilli was undertaken. The initial survey of the unit suggested a low level of cross-infection involving Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Providencia stuartii. However, a longitudinal study of new admissions revealed that only 13 of 52 nosocomial acquisitions could be considered to be due to cross colonization. Comparison of data on antibiotic use did not suggest selective pressure for resistant endogenous flora. Nosocomial acquisition was directly related to the length of the hospital stay. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of gentamicin-resistant, gram-negative bacilli showed only minor differences between nosocomial isolates and those present during the initial survey. Of the usual antimicrobial agents, amikacin, carbenicillin, and cefoxitin were the most active against all organisms, with the exception of Serratia spp. Of the new beta lactams, ceftazidime and imipemide (N-formimidoyl thienamycin) were most active. PMID- 6619281 TI - Determination of serum bactericidal activity with the aid of luminous bacteria. AB - Nonmarine luminous bacteria belonging to the genus Vibrio cholerae were extremely sensitive to the bactericidal activity of human serum. Luminous bacteria incubated in a medium containing serum showed a decrease in their in vivo luminescence that was directly proportional to the decrease in the viable count and was a function of the serum concentration. Both immunoglobulins and the complement system were required to exert the serum bactericidal activity. Serum lacking immunoglobulins or certain complement components, especially C3, did not affect the luminescence. The bactericidal effect of the serum on luminous bacteria was diminished by the presence of lipopolysaccharide or by pretreatment of the serum with different species of killed bacteria. As found in other systems, the bacteriolytic activity of serum was only augmented by lysozyme, but was not lysozyme dependent; although the luminous bacteria were converted into spheroplasts in serum containing 0.5 M sucrose, their in vivo luminescence was almost not affected. This system could easily distinguish between the C classical pathway and the properdin pathway. Ethylene glycol-bis (beta-aminoethyl ether) N,N'-tetraacetic acid, which inhibits only the classical complement pathway, did not inhibit the decrease in luminescence as did EDTA. Thus, it was possible to distinguish between deficiencies in complement components participating in both pathways and complement components that were involved only in the classical pathway. This system could also be used as a substitute to the hemolytic system in complement fixation tests. PMID- 6619280 TI - Enzyme immunoassay for detection of antibody to toxins A and B of Clostridium difficile. AB - An enzyme immunoassay (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) to detect hamster antibody to toxins A and B of Clostridium difficile was developed in which toxin preparations are used to coat the solid phase. The specificity of the assay was supported by blocking tests with the toxin preparations and proteins from a nontoxigenic strain. Sera from immunized and control hamsters were tested by this technique, and results were compared with those from a cytotoxicity neutralization assay. Antibody to toxins A and B assayed by ELISA showed a close quantitative correlation with antibody titers obtained by cytotoxicity neutralization. The ELISA assays described appear to provide a sensitive, specific, and practical method to define the prevalence of antibody to C. difficile toxins. These assays could be readily applied to human sera to examine and study the immune response of patients with C. difficile-induced disease. PMID- 6619282 TI - Extended scheme for serotyping Campylobacter jejuni: results obtained in Israel from 1980 to 1981. AB - The serotyping scheme for Campylobacter jejuni previously developed in the National Center for Campylobacter, Jerusalem, was extended by the use of 20 new sera and modified by the absorption of the sera, when necessary, with homologous boiled cultures or heterologous live cultures. The extended scheme is based on slide agglutination of live suspensions and is performed in two stages: pretesting with four pooled sera and final testing with monovalent sera. So far, 34 serotypes have been recognized. Among 442 isolates of C. jejuni, 86.4% could be typed with this scheme. Of the 382 cultures typed, 90% reacted with one single serum, and the remainder showed a complex antigenic structure. The frequent serotypes identified were: 11 (12.9%), 12 (8.2%), 18 (6.3%), and 3 (6.1%). When epidemiological data were available, the results of the serotyping corresponded with the epidemiological evidence. PMID- 6619283 TI - Capsular and somatic serotypes of Pasteurella multocida isolates recovered from healthy and diseased rabbits in Texas. AB - A total of 111 Pasteurella multocida isolates recovered from healthy and diseased rabbits were typed for capsular and somatic antigens by the typing systems of Carter and Heddleston, respectively. The major serotypes of the 48 P. multocida isolates recovered from nasal cavities of healthy rabbits were serotypes 12:A (33%), nontypable:A (50%), and nontypable:D (10%). Similarly, the major serotypes of the 63 P. multocida isolates obtained from rabbits with rhinitis, pneumonia, conjunctivitis, tympanitis, or cutaneous abscesses were serotypes 12:A (32%), nontypable:A (30%), and 3:A (16%). Serotype 12:A was predominant, regardless of whether the isolates were recovered from healthy or diseased rabbits. PMID- 6619284 TI - Failure of preexisting antibody against hepatitis B surface antigen to prevent subsequent hepatitis B infection. AB - We studied a patient who developed acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection despite the presence of preexisting antibody to the surface antigen of HBV (anti HBs). Anti-HBs has been reported to consist primarily of antibody against the common a determinant of HBV. Antibody directed against this major determinant appears to confer protection against HBV, regardless of the subtype. Our patient was shown to have had preexisting anti-HBs of anti-d but not anti-a specificity. She subsequently developed non-A, non-B viral hepatitis followed by an episode of acute hepatitis B after exposure to HBV of the ayw subtype. PMID- 6619285 TI - Comparison of methods for recovery of Clostridium difficile from an environmental surface. AB - Survival of Clostridium difficile in an aerobic environment is possible because of spore formation. When sodium taurocholate is substituted for the egg yolk of a selective medium, cycloserine-cefoxitin-fructose-agar (CCFA), enhanced recovery of C. difficile spores is shown. This selective medium (TCCFA) does not improve recovery of vegetative forms. In this study, dry and saline-moistened swabs, adhesive paddles, and Rodac plates containing CCFA and TCCFA were compared in their ability to recover C. difficile spores from an inoculated surface. Rodac plates grew 20 to 25 times as many spores on TCCFA as on CCFA. Saline-moistened swabs recovered fewer organisms than Rodac plates. Dry swabs and adhesive paddles rarely recovered spores. Prereduction of agar in an anaerobic chamber was not necessary for optimal spore recovery. Optimal growth of vegetative C. difficile required prereduced media. Agar prereduced for 2 h supported the growth of 12 C. difficile isolates as well as agar prereduced for 18 h. Vegetative cells of C. difficile survived for only 15 min in room air. Use of Rodac plates containing TCCFA is preferred for detection of C. difficile spores in the hospital environment. PMID- 6619286 TI - Evaluation of serum arabinitol as a diagnostic test for candidiasis. AB - Gas-liquid chromatography was used to quantitate the arabinitol concentration in the sera of patients with candidiasis and in that of control patients. Serum arabinitol was elevated in 59% (n = 34) of patients with Candida sepsis, in 39% (n = 38) with Candida colonization, in 14% (n = 62) with bacterial sepsis, and in 0% (n = 11) of normal persons. The above patients were subsequently divided on the basis of renal function. Of those with decreased renal function, serum arabinitol was elevated in 89, 92, and 50% of patients with Candida sepsis, Candida colonization, and bacterial sepsis, respectively. Of those with normal renal function, serum arabinitol was elevated in only 23 and 14% of patients with Candida sepsis and Candida colonization, respectively. When serum arabinitol/creatine ratios were calculated for patients with both increased arabinitol and increased creatinine, elevated ratios were obtained in 69, 36, and 0% of patients with Candida sepsis, Candida colonization, and bacterial sepsis, respectively. PMID- 6619287 TI - Toxic shock syndrome: modification and comparison of methods for detecting marker proteins in Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Development of a new medium and modification of incubation conditions increased production of toxic shock syndrome marker proteins and enabled detection of small volumes of pyrogenic exotoxin C (PEC) by isoelectric focusing and staphylococcal enterotoxin F (SEF) by a newly developed solid-phase radioimmunoassay. The results were compared with those obtained with previously described methods. The results were identical, and all PEC-positive isolates were SEF positive. In a second study of 262 randomly selected Staphylococcus aureus isolates examined by isoelectric focusing and solid-phase radioimmunoassay but grown in fresh beef heart medium, 47 (17.9%) isolates were PEC and SEF positive; however, 9 (3.4%) were PEC positive and SEF negative, and 3 (1.1%) were SEF positive and PEC negative. When grown in buffered beef heart yeast extract medium, six of the previously PEC-positive and SEF-negative isolates were PEC negative. Autoradiographic analysis of selected isolates demonstrated that PEC- and SEF positive strains bound SEF antitoxin to the protein at isoelectric point 7.2, suggesting that in staphylococci from patients with toxic shock syndrome, PEC and SEF are the same protein. In screening staphylococci for toxic shock syndrome marker proteins, isoelectric focusing to identify PEC may detect false-positive proteins and may be more susceptible to technical variation than immunological methods to detect SEF. PMID- 6619288 TI - Comparison of epidemiological markers used in the investigation of an outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. AB - An outbreak of nosocomial infections was caused by a single strain of methicillin resistant (MR) Staphylococcus aureus. This strain was followed as it was transmitted from the index case to 17 patients, 3 hospital personnel, and 12 items in the hospital environment. The MR S. aureus strain was traced by using four specific epidemiological markers: antibiogram, phage type, production of aminoglycoside-inactivating enzymes, and plasmid pattern. These markers were assessed for their reliability in differentiating the epidemic S. aureus strain from resident nonepidemic strains and for the ease and rapidity with which they determined differences. The epidemic strain was resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics, gentamicin, erythromycin, clindamycin, and rifampin. Resistance to rifampin was the only unique marker in the antibiogram which distinguished the epidemic strain from the indigenous strains, and it was the easiest marker to use for screening isolates from culture surveys. Phage typing was poorly reproducible and did not yield results rapidly enough to be useful for ongoing epidemiology. The epidemic strain produced a unique aminoglycoside-inactivating enzyme (3' phosphotransferase) which distinguished it from indigenous gentamicin-resistant staphylococci, but this marker was not easily identified, nor was identification helpful during the course of the investigation. Plasmid pattern analysis was rapidly performed (in less than 24 h), allowed many isolates to be examined at a time, was stable and reproducible, and yielded a unique fingerprint which distinguished the epidemic strain from all indigenous isolates. Plasmid pattern analysis is a promising epidemiological tool for MR S. aureus outbreaks in which epidemic strains lack unique antibiotic resistance markers. PMID- 6619289 TI - Presumptive identification of Vibrio species with H antiserum. AB - Species in the genus Vibrio exhibit flagellar (H) antigens unique to the species. Thus, species-specific H antiserum could be a valuable reagent with which to screen serologically large numbers of Vibrio isolates. Antisera against V. cholerae, V. fluvialis, V. anguillarum, V. metschnikovii, V. parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus, and V. vulnificus H antigens was produced in rabbits by repeated injections of Formalin-preserved whole cells. Anti-O activity and anti-H activity against common H antigens was absorbed from each antiserum, V. fluvialis was shown to possess an H antigen unique to the species and also to share minor H antigens with V. cholerae, V. metschnikovii, and V. anguillarum. V. vulnificus also exhibits a species-unique H antigen. A comprehensive serological screening system based on species-specific H antiserum was developed to identify pathogenic Vibrio species one step beyond primary isolation. Vibrio species were correctly identified with accuracies ranging from 93 to 100%. Some isolates were either nonmotile or poorly so and thus did not flocculate in H antiserum. PMID- 6619290 TI - In vitro response of Staphylococcus aureus from cystic fibrosis patients to combinations of linoleic and oleic acids added to nutrient medium. AB - The effect of supplementing nutrient substrate with various combinations of concentrations of oleic and linoleic acids on the growth of 11 strains of Staphylococcus aureus was assessed. Whereas increasing the concentration of linoleic acid by itself greatly diminished the growth of all 11 strains, concomitant increases in oleic acid greatly diminished the inhibitory effect of linoleic acid. With oleic acid in the nutrient substrate, most of the strains were induced to produce slime which surrounded the cells. Since the slime incorporated oleic but not linoleic acid, such slime production isolated the cells from direct contact with the growth inhibitor, linoleic acid. PMID- 6619291 TI - Electron microscopy of the coccoid form of Campylobacter jejuni. AB - Confluent cultures of Campylobacter jejuni incubated for 24 and 48 h each were examined by electron microscopy. Although the 24-h-old cells exhibited typical curved morphology, the 48-h-old cells showed rounded morphology with a loss of cell integrity. This appeared to be an autolytic process that occurred very rapidly after the culture became mature. These results confirm previous evidence that the coccoid form of this organism is a degenerate state. PMID- 6619293 TI - Immune response to Bacteroides ureolyticus in a patient with brain abscess. AB - A high titer (1:256) of agglutinating antibodies against Bacteroides ureolyticus was demonstrated in a 35-year-old woman with brain abscess, using a microagglutination test. Tests done with B. ureolyticus and heterologous sera as well as with heterologous strains and the patient's serum were negative. Circulating antibody to B. ureolyticus has not been reported previously. PMID- 6619292 TI - Direct isolation of H1N2 recombinant virus from a throat swab of a patient simultaneously infected with H1N1 and H3N2 influenza A viruses. AB - Two H1N2 recombinant viruses were isolated by a plaquing method from a throat swab of a patient who was simultaneously infected with H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses during the Tokyo epidemic of 1981. This is the first direct evidence that recombination of influenza viruses occurred in the human body. PMID- 6619294 TI - Proposed zone standards for interpretation of fortimicin A disk diffusion tests. AB - Fortimicin A microdilution tests and disk diffusion tests (10-, 30-, and 50 micrograms disks) were performed with 454 selected bacterial strains. Tests with 30-micrograms disks were preferred, with zone standards of less than or equal to 14 mm of resistant strains (minimal inhibitory concentration, greater than 16 micrograms/ml) and greater than or equal to 17 mm for susceptible strains (minimal inhibitory concentration, less than 16 micrograms/ml). PMID- 6619295 TI - Fatal septicemia due to amphotericin B-resistant Candida lusitaniae. AB - Five yeast strains, causally associated with septicemia and death in a patient after peritonitis, were identified as Candida lusitaniae van Uden et do Carmo Sousa by standard methods. The organism was initially susceptible to 5 fluorocytosine but strongly resistant to amphotericin B, requiring 50 micrograms/ml for complete inhibition at 48 h. PMID- 6619296 TI - Dry bed training without a urine alarm: lack of effect of setting and therapist contact with child. AB - Three variations in the mode of delivery of Dry Bed Training as a treatment for nocturnal enuresis were investigated. Twenty-three children, ranging in age from 4 to 14, received dry bed training without the additional use of a urine alarm. Treatment variations included: (a) in-home training of parents and child, (b) office based training of parents and child, and (c) office based training of parents only. An additional 7 children served as a waiting list control during the first 8 weeks of the study. A wide variety of outcome measures showed improvement for the entire sample regardless of specific mode of delivery. Implications for the treatment of enuresis using dry bed training and a number of critical methodological issues are discussed. PMID- 6619297 TI - Group home designs for initiating community-based treatment with mentally retarded adolescent offenders. AB - Increasingly, mentally retarded adolescent offenders are being diverted into community-based residential treatment. Thus, many of these aggressive youths, who would previously have been institutionalized are now diverted into available group home settings. Implementing restrictive aspects of treatment regimens with this population frequently evokes intense escape/avoidance behaviors which cannot be controlled at those open sites. As a result, in traditional group homes these adolescents readily avoid therapy, run away recurrently, and thus pose serious risks to themselves and the community. The authors describe two secure group home designs which seem to promote consistent treatment of this difficult population, while protecting the local community. Preliminary evidence is presented indicating that these specially designed environments are essential adjuncts to the initial phase of treatment of mentally retarded adolescent offenders. PMID- 6619298 TI - In-home parent training, treatment of migraine headaches, and marital counseling as an ecobehavioral approach to prevent child abuse. AB - A low-income family received in-home treatment after the mother expressed a desire to kill her daughter. The ecobehavioral approach focused on stress reduction of the frequency and duration of the mother's migraine headaches, on parent-child training, and on behavioral marital counselling. Follow-up data 1 yr after the beginning of services indicated maintenance of improvements in all areas. This was sufficient to terminate services. Also, the mother reported that she no longer had any negative feelings about her child, and the home environment lacked the stressors originally seen when the counselors began treatment. Finally, a consumer satisfaction questionnaire indicated a high level of satisfaction by the couple about the services offered by Project 12-Ways, an ecobehavioral approach to the treatment and prevention of child abuse and neglect. PMID- 6619299 TI - Training an autistic client: the effect of brief restraint on disruptive behavior. AB - A profoundly retarded autistic client who was making no progress in self-help skill training sessions exhibited disruptive behaviors which were incompatible with training goals. These behaviors included withdrawal, self-stimulation and mascular rigidity. Following baseline measurement of the effectiveness of standard behavior-shaping techniques, brief restraint was implemented to decelerate the disruptive behaviors. During treatment conditions a two-trainer procedure was employed. All task-oriented behavior was followed by positive reinforcement. The disruptive behaviors of the client decreased following the introduction of the restraint procedure. As the disruptive behaviors were reduced, progress in a self-help training program was evidenced. Following a fading procedure a single trainer could control the behavior of the client via positive reinforcement alone. PMID- 6619300 TI - Thailand and behavior modification. PMID- 6619301 TI - Behavioral relaxation training and assessment. AB - Behavioral Relaxation Training (BRT), a set of ten overt behaviors directly taught by prompting and performance feedback, was compared with frontalis EMG Biofeedback (BIO), Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR), and a Music "attention focusing" (MUS) control, on five dependent measures of relaxation, in four groups of volunteers for a "stress-reduction" project. The dependent measures consisted of the Behavioral Relaxation Scale (BRS), frontalis EMG, finger temperature, skin conductance level, and self-report. BRS scores decreased in BRT, BIO, and PMR, but not MUS groups. EMG decreased in the BRT and BIO groups, but not in PMR or MUS. BRT retained its improvements at 4-6 week follow-up. All groups reported similar improvements on the self-report scale, Temperature and skin conductance were not systematically related to training procedures. Significant correlations between BRS and EMG were obtained. PMID- 6619302 TI - Effect of pairing scanning training with block design training in the remediation of perceptual problems in left hemiplegics. AB - Twenty-seven left hemiplegics were divided into three groups of nine, matched for age, education, degree of left neglect, and time since onset of stroke. Subjects were pretested and, following the training, posttested on the WAIS Performance subtests, the WRAT Reading subtest, a letter cancellation task, an address copying task, and a face-counting task. Subjects received 1 hour of occupational therapy (OT) each day for 20 successive days as follows: Group I received 1 hour of routine OT; Group II received 20 minutes of routine OT, 20 minutes of cancellation training, and 20 minutes of visual scanning training; Group III received 20 minutes of block design training, 20 minutes of cancellation training, and 20 minutes of visual scanning training. Groups II and III improved on measures of visual scanning, reading, and writing to a significantly greater extent than did Group I, and Group III improved to a significantly greater extent than did Group II. Few differences among the groups were seen on measures of psychometric intelligence and face counting. The results, for the most part, supported previous findings and, furthermore, indicated that block design training enhances the effect of visual scanning training techniques in the remediation of perceptual problems in left hemiplegics. PMID- 6619303 TI - Visuoperceptual performances in aging and dementia: clinical and theoretical implications. AB - Spatial and nonspatial visuoperceptual abilities were assessed in normal older subjects (65-94 years of age) and in a sample of age-matched patients with various forms of dementia. Steady, moderate decline was evident with increasing age in normal subjects but severe visuoperceptual impairments occurred in many dementia patients, indicating that such assessment may be of benefit in the detection of abnormal mental decline. Dissociations in performance were frequent among dementia patients but not among normals, suggesting that dementia may be manifested in differential perceptual-cognitive decline. PMID- 6619304 TI - Normative data for the Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological tests. AB - Normative data from a large neurologically intact, nonpsychiatric adult sample (male = 111, female = 82) are presented. Despite he size limitations in the upper age ranges, these data are consistent with previously published norms. Sex effects are evident, with females appearing weaker and slower than males on motor tests. The higher than average WAIS FSIQ displayed by this normal sample and the previous use of psychiatric patients as control subjects is discussed. PMID- 6619305 TI - Abbreviated WAIS forms for a stroke population. AB - The WAIS protocols of 22 subjects with unilateral stroke were rescored according to two "short form" methods. Correlations among versions were extremely high for the summary indices and only slightly smaller for most individual subtests. The use of an abbreviated version of the WAIS appears to be warranted, within limits, for certain purposes. PMID- 6619306 TI - The Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery: a promise that may be partly fulfilled. AB - This paper reviews the literature to date on the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB). Consideration of the literature leads to the conclusion that the battery does not meet the stated goal of combining Luria's qualification of the symptom approach with a standardized, quantitative approach to neuropsychological assessment. While the LNNB does not approximate Luria's approach, there are data to suggest that the battery may have potential as a quantitative, standardized battery. However, numerous substantial statistical and methodological problems with the research base preclude the endorsement of the battery for clinical use. Nevertheless, the efficacy of the LNNB in clinical situations will rest, not on the developer's and publisher's claims, or on detractor's critiques, but on carefully planned and well-executed research. Until such research appears, caution is urged to those who would attempt to use this instrument in clinical situations. PMID- 6619307 TI - MBD: meanings and misconceptions. AB - Few terms have generated as much debate and apprehension among those who render clinical services to children as has "MBD". The childhood disabilities to which this term has been applied are undeniable. However, neither the implication of the term itself nor the meaning of the concept behind it are well recognized. In order to foster more rational discussion of the topic, the present paper attempts to clarify major misconceptions regarding MBD, and reviews essential features of the concept. Because their term generates false impressions of the disorders to which it is applied and because the concept it represents is itself unsatisfactory, the continued use of the term is objectionable. Nevertheless, the emphasis that the MBD conceptor, more accurately, the tradition underlying it - has placed on biological factors as relevant to the understanding of learning and behavioral problems is worth retaining. Separating the sense from the nonsense behind this concept will, hopefully, foster the development of more appropriate terminology and, in the process, improve communication among those who work with disabled children. PMID- 6619308 TI - Anaerobiospirillum species isolated from humans with diarrhoea. AB - Flagellated anaerobic motile spiral bacteria were isolated from the faeces of two patients with diarrhoea. They were recovered by the microaerophilic culture method used to detect campylobacters but demanded anaerobic conditions for subculture. Electron microscopy and other investigations showed them to be closely related to Anaerobiospirillum succiniproducens first described in beagle dogs and subsequently in three humans with bacteraemia. PMID- 6619309 TI - Ozone killing action against bacterial and fungal species; microbiological testing of a domestic ozone generator. AB - The action of ozone generated from a small domestic device was examined with a view to using it in clinical isolation units accommodating immunosuppressed patients. Over a six-hour period in an average size room the device did not generate sufficient ozone to suppress bacterial and fungal growth. A useful bactericidal action, against a variety of human pathogens was achieved with ozone concentrations between 0.3 to 0.9 ppm. Bactericidal ozone concentrations are close to the limit permitted for human exposure however and further experiments are indicated. PMID- 6619310 TI - Haematological features of primary myelodysplastic syndromes (PMDS) at initial presentation: a study of 118 cases. AB - The haematological features of 118 cases of primary myelodysplastic syndromes (PMDS) were reviewed to see how these could be related and classified according to the recent FAB proposals. A majority of the cases were elderly who presented with a macrocytic or normocytic anaemia and reticulocytopenia. Cases of acquired idiopathic sideroblastic anaemia (AISA) usually had normal leucocyte and platelet counts, erythroid hyperplasia, marked dyserythropoiesis and more than 20% ringed sideroblasts. Cases of refractory anaemia with excess of blasts (RAEB) had frequent neutropenia and thrombopenia usually with prominent dysgranulopoiesis and dysthrombopoiesis. Refractory anaemia or refractory cytopenia appeared morphologically to be a heterogeneous group. Leukaemic transformation did not occur in any of these 16 cases of AISA whereas six of the 34 cases of RAEB transformed into acute leukaemia. It appears that the cases of PMDS present with well defined haematological features which permit recognition of different groups; these latter groups appear to be morphologically and prognostically distinct. PMID- 6619311 TI - Effect of reconstructive vascular surgery on red cell deformability--preliminary results. AB - Using a simple filtration method, red cell deformability was measured in healthy control subjects and in patients with peripheral vascular disease. Impaired red cell deformability was demonstrated in patients with rest pain or gangrene and in patients with intermittent claudication. An improvement in red cell deformability was demonstrated after successful reconstructive vascular surgery in both patient groups. An improvement in red cell deformability was demonstrated in patients undergoing major limb amputation. PMID- 6619312 TI - Osteoclast-type giant cell tumour of the pancreas. AB - A case of osteoclast-type giant cell tumour of the pancreas is described and the features of eight other previously reported patients are reviewed. Characteristically, these neoplasms are large at presentation and show focal haemorrhage and necrosis, but seem slow to give rise to metastases. Histological examination reveals numerous osteoclast-like giant cells set in a sarcomatous stroma, the appearances being similar to those seen in giant cell tumours of bone. They are distinct from pleomorphic giant cell carcinomas of the pancreas and may have a slightly better prognosis after resection than ordinary adenocarcinomas. The histogenesis of these rare tumours is unknown. PMID- 6619313 TI - Giant cell tumour (osteoclastoma) of the pancreas--an epithelial tumour probably of pancreatic acinar origin. AB - A case of giant cell tumour of the pancreas has been studied. The light microscopical appearance of the tumour is indistinguishable from osteoclastoma of bone. Electron microscopy of the tumour shows many typical desmosomes between stromal cells. This is strong evidence of its epithelial nature. The cytoplasm of both the osteoclast-like giant cells and stromal cells contain abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, many with dilated cisternae containing prominent dense granules. There are also some larger homogeneous granules, some of them electron dense, in the cytoplasm of the cells. These findings when compared with the features of other cases of giant cell tumour of the pancreas studied by electron microscopy support the view that this epithelial tumour is of acinar origin. PMID- 6619314 TI - Solitary necrotic nodules of the liver simulating hepatic metastases. AB - Four cases are described in which solitary nodules were identified on the anterior aspect of the liver. These had characteristic histological appearances. Each had a necrotic core surrounded by a dense collar of hyalinised collagen, incorporating elastic fibres. While three of our patients had carcinoma elsewhere none had evidence of tumour in the liver. We do not believe that these lesions represent hepatic metastases. We suggest that they may be of traumatic aetiology or a sequel of previous infection. PMID- 6619315 TI - Pseudomembranous colitis associated with changes in an ileal conduit. AB - A case of antibiotic associated pseudomembranous colitis following total cystectomy is reported, in which there was involvement of the ileal conduit. The small bowel remaining in situ was uninvolved. Bacteriological studies revealed Clostridium difficile and the toxin in both colon and ileal conduit. Relevant publications concerning pathogenesis are discussed, in relation to the unusual site described in this case. Epidemiological evidence is reviewed which suggests that isolation of patients with pseudomembranous colitis is a logical course of action. PMID- 6619316 TI - Biochemical and histological assessment of hepatic lipid in sudden infant death syndrome. AB - A biochemical and histological study of hepatic lipid in children dying from the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and children of a similar age dying explicably are reported. Contrary to a previous report based on histological assessment of hepatic lipid, no significant increase of total lipid content in livers of children dying from SIDS was found. Analysis of hepatic phospholipid fatty acid esters, however, revealed a significant difference between SIDS and children of similar age dying acutely and explicably. The phospholipid abnormality found in SIDS was similar to that found in children dying subacutely with hypoxia and would be consistent with increased cell membrane fluidity. The implications of these findings in the pathogenesis of SIDS are discussed. PMID- 6619317 TI - Serum immunoglobulin concentrations in preschool children measured by laser nephelometry: reference ranges for IgG, IgA, IgM. AB - Serum immunoglobulin concentrations were determined on sera from 298 healthy children aged six months to six years using the Hyland laser nephelometer PDQ system. Age-specific 95% reference ranges for serum IgG, IgA and IgM are presented; considerable care has been taken to ensure statistical validity of the reference ranges. The wide range of values in children under two years suggest that measuring immunoglobulin concentrations in this age group is of little value in diagnosing immunodeficiency. PMID- 6619318 TI - Evaluation of a new filter for leucocyte depletion of blood. PMID- 6619319 TI - Platelet storage in PL 146, CLX and Biotest 733822 plastics. PMID- 6619320 TI - Growth of segmental nerves to the developing rat diaphragm: absence of pioneer axons. AB - A study has been made of the growth of cervical nerves C3-C6 to the rat diaphragm. At 11 days of embryonic age these cervical nerves first project out of the spinal cord toward the cardinal veins and later form the left and right phrenic nerve trunks. During the next 2 days, the phrenic nerves grow caudally in close association with the cardinal veins toward the diaphragm. At the growing tips of these nerve trunks the growth cones of axons were observed every 1-2 micrometers. The last axon did not project more than 2 micrometers ahead of any neighbouring axons. At 14 days the phrenic nerves reach the level of the developing diaphragm and converge into pools of premuscle cells. Previous studies have suggested that the phrenic nerve enters the premuscle masses of the diaphragm at an early developmental stage when the premuscle masses are at approximately the segmental levels C3-C6. This study shows that the phrenic nerves must grow to more caudal levels in order to reach the premuscle cells of the diaphragm. Furthermore, the leading axons of the phrenic nerve trunk do not project in a pioneering fashion, far in advance of the trailing axons. PMID- 6619321 TI - Cytoarchitecture and topographic projections of the gustatory centers in a teleost, Carassius carassius. AB - The neuronal connections in the central gustatory system of the crucian carp were examined by means of degeneration and HRP methods. Cell morphology in the primary gustatory lobes was studied in Golgi-impregnated material. Medium-sized neurons of the facial lobe emit axons which project to the secondary gustatory nucleus. The nucleus intermedius facialis of Herrick ('05) projects bilaterally. Large neurons send axons through the spinal trigeminal tract to terminate in the spinal trigeminal nucleus and in the medial funicular nucleus. In the vagal lobe, second order neurons for the ascending projections are located in the superficial part of the sensory zone. These neurons project exclusively to the ipsilateral secondary gustatory nucleus. Neurons located in the deeper part of the sensory zone send axons to the motor zone and to the brainstem reticular formation to form short reflex arcs. The glossopharyngeal lobe has similar neuronal connections to the vagal sensory zone. Both facial and vagal lobes receive afferent projections from the following central structures: nucleus posterioris thalami, nucleus diffusus lobi inferioris, optic tectum, motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, medullary reticular formation, and the gray matter of the upper spinal cord. The facial lobe has an additional afferent from the mesencephalic reticular formation. The major sources to the medullary gustatory lobes are the nucleus posterioris thalami and nucleus diffusus lobi inferioris. Each type of neuron classified by morphology and location in the facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagal lobes was correlated with its particular destination. Topographic projections were demonstrated in the secondary and tertiary gustatory centers. PMID- 6619322 TI - Antennal neuropile in the brain of the crayfish: morphology of neurons. AB - The cellular composition of the antennal neuropile of the crayfish is described. As a context for this work the distribution of neuronal cell bodies throughout the supraoesophageal ganglion (brain) is also described. The neuronal cell bodies in the brain are concentrated in 19 distinct clusters. Three paired clusters are located on the dorsal side of the brain, four paired and one midline cluster bend around the brain laterally and frontally respectively. Fewer than ten somata lie outside of these clusters. The antennal neuropile is composed of primary afferent terminals, efferents, and projecting and local interneurons. The structures of individual neurons of all four types were determined by filling them with Lucifer yellow, and an overview of the neuropile structure was obtained with cobalt backfills of selected nerves. The antennal afferents are concentrated in four main tracts that run medially in the outer layer of the antennal neuropile. Up to 11 orthogonal side branches occur at equal distances (25-35 microns) along the main branches and penetrate the neuropile. The efferents contribute very thin dendrites to the antennal neuropile. The majority of the neuronal mass of the antennal lobe consists of projecting and local interneurons. The branching pattern of the interneurons within the antennal neuropile also shows an orthogonal arrangement of main branches and higher-order branches. Thus the antennal neuropile displays a strong geometrical regularity: Main processes of all four types of neurons run in bundles the length of the long axis of the neuropile (lateral to medial inside the brain) giving rise to orthogonal side branches at regular intervals. This branching pattern leads to a striped appearance of the antennal lobe. PMID- 6619323 TI - Intracephalic embryonic neural implants in the adult rat brain. I. Growth and mature organization of brainstem, cerebellar, and hippocampal implants. PMID- 6619324 TI - Spatial-temporal progress of peripheral nerve regeneration within a silicone chamber: parameters for a bioassay. AB - The spatial-temporal progress of peripheral nerve regeneration across a 10-mm gap within a silicone chamber was examined with the light and electron microscope at 2-mm intervals. A coaxial, fibrin matrix was observed at 1 week with a proximal distal narrowing that extended beyond the midpoint of the chamber. At 2 weeks, Schwann cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells had migrated into the matrix from both nerve stumps. There was a delay of 7-14 days after nerve transection and chamber implantation before regenerating axons appeared in the chamber. At 2 weeks, nonmyelinated axons were seen only in the proximal 1-5 mm of the chamber in association with Schwann cells. Axons reached the distal stump by 3 weeks and a proximal-distal gradient of myelination was observed. These observations define the parameters of a morphologic assay for regeneration in this chamber model which can be used to investigate cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the success of peripheral nerve regeneration. PMID- 6619325 TI - Bar synapses and gap junctions in the inner plexiform layer: synaptic relationships of the interstitial amacrine cell of the retina of the cichlid fish, Astronotus ocellatus. AB - The retina of the cichlid fish, Astronotus ocellatus, contains an unusual class of amacrine cell, the interstitial amacrine cell, which has its soma and processes restricted to a sublamina of the proximal inner plexiform layer. The interstitial amacrine cell is unique in making synapses which contain a presynaptic dense bar specialization. The interstitial amacrine cell makes reciprocal synapses with bipolar cell terminals and is presynaptic to other amacrine cells and to ganglion cell dendrites. Processes of interstitial amacrine cells are connected to each other by large gap junctions. PMID- 6619326 TI - On neuronal homology: a comparison of similar axons in Musca, Sarcophaga, and Drosophila (Diptera: Schizophora). AB - Thoracic axons occurring in Musca and Sarcophaga are similar to those previously reported in the giant fiber pathway of Drosophila. Serial section reconstruction of both species has shown that the cervical giant fiber descending from the brain into the thoracic ganglion and the thoracic motor axon innervating the tergotrochanteral muscle follow courses matching those of similar axons in Drosophila. Likewise in both Musca and Sarcophaga a thoracic axon establishes axoaxonal synapses onto dorsal longitudinal muscle motor neurons. This axon is similar in both course and synaptic configuration to the peripherally synapsing interneuron in Drosophila. Although these similarities suggest that the three axon pairs are homologous in all three fly species, Several differences are also observed. Thus this system of identified axons may be a useful model for investigating phylogenetic variation in specific neuronal form and connectivity. PMID- 6619327 TI - The embryonic development of the inferior olivary complex in normal and reeler (rlORL) mutant mice. AB - The development of the inferior olivary complex has been studied comparatively in normal and reeler mutant mice, from embryonic day 14 to birth. In both genotypes, cells migrate tangentially, from the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle, until they reach the ventral rhombencephalon where they enter the olive radially. Some cells also enter the olive laterally, from its external side. In both genotypes, olivary neurons differentiate following the same morphological sequence, both in terms of dendritic deployment and of axonal growth. Olivofugal axons cross the midline as early as E14. Synapses are rare in the inferior olivary complex during the prenatal period. Radial glial cells and the first stages of astrocytogenesis appear similar in both genotypes. The process of olivary maturation begins at E15. In normal embryos, this occurs concurrently with a subdivision of the olivary complex, clearly defined at birth: the principal olive (PO) is "U" shaped and located between the medial accessory olive (MAO) and the dorsal accessory olive (DAO). In reeler mutants, there are abnormalities in the configuration of the inferior olivary complex. Even the earliest lobulated contours are anomalous. The ultimate configuration, though containing the principal elements of the normal complex, is blunted, compact, and very much less "calligraphic" in its undulation than in the normal animal. The reeler dysplasia is mild at E15 and becomes increasingly evident at later developmental stages. These observations show that the reeler gene primarily affects the position of neuronal cells relative to other cellular elements and to fiber strata, while leaving relatively intact the phenomena of cell migration and differentiation. Afferent fibers from spinal and midbrain origin are probably involved in the division of the olivary complex into its components (Martin et al., '80). In addition, the development of the cerebellar cortex could influence the morphogenesis of the olivary nuclei. However, the architectonic malformation of the reeler inferior olive can hardly be exclusively attributed to perturbations of its hodological relationships. It is proposed that the abnormal development of the inferior olive in reeler mutants is largely dependent on a local, intrinsic action of the mutant gene on the olivary primordium. PMID- 6619328 TI - Posterior lateral line afferent and efferent pathways within the central nervous system of the goldfish with special reference to the Mauthner cell. AB - The goldfish posterior lateral line nerve consists of a dorsal and a ventral branch, each of which is associated with a ramus of the sensory branch of the VIIth nerve (ramus recurrens facialis). The afferent and efferent pathways of these nerves within the central nervous system were studied by using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) histochemistry. The afferent fibers of the ramus recurrens facialis travel in the ventral portion of the VIIth nerve as it enters the brain and project predominantly to the ipsilateral half of the facial lobe. The afferent fibers of either the dorsal or ventral branch of the posterior lateral line nerve split into two bundles as they enter the brain. The caudally projecting fascicle terminates predominantly in the nucleus medialis. The fibers of the rostrally projecting bundle terminate predominantly in nucleus medialis and nucleus magnocellularis and in the eminentia granularis. The posterior lateral line efferent somata were located in the diencephalon as well as in the medulla oblongata. The medullary efferent neurons formed two distinct groups, a rostral and a caudal nucleus. The cell bodies of the latter were more numerous and larger than those of the former. The axons of the efferent neurons exit from the brain by one of two routes. The first is at the level of the rostral efferent nucleus and the second at the level of the Mauthner cell. Previous reports have described input of posterior lateral line afferent fibers to the Mauthner cell soma and proximal lateral dendrite of the goldfish. This electrophysiological input was bilateral and was interpreted as monosynaptic. The afferent input described in this study was ipsilateral and ended in the vicinity of the distal lateral dendrite. These differences are discussed in the context of the neuronal circuitry that may be present. PMID- 6619329 TI - Corticopontine remodelling after cortical and/or cerebellar lesions in newborn rats. AB - The distribution of corticopontine projections was studied, primarily with the Fink-Heimer technique, in adult rats which at 2-3 days of age had sustained unilateral sensorimotor (SMC) or occipital (OC) cortical lesions and in animal that had received neonatal hemocerebellar (HCb) lesions singly or in combination with the neonatal SMC or OC lesions. Neonatal left SMC or left HCb lesions induced an anomalous increase in crossed sensorimotor corticopontine (SMP) projections originating from the right SMC. This increase appeared more dense after cortical lesions as compared to cerebellar lesions and appeared more dense in those animals receiving the combined SMC plus HCb lesions. No alterations in the distribution of SMP fibers were observed after neonatal OC lesions nor were any alterations of occipital corticopontine (OP) fibers observed in any of the neonatal lesion groups. The remodelling of right SMP projections after neonatal left SMC lesions demonstrates an interaction between corresponding pathways originating from opposite sides of the brain and which occurs in response to the partial removal of afferents to pontine gray neurons as a result of the SMC lesions. In contrast, the absence of SMP plasticity after OC lesions, and vice versa, demonstrates the absence of plasticity between pathways which differ anatomically and functionally. The substantial neuronal loss which occurs within the right PG after neonatal left HCb lesions is believed to influence the increase in crossed SMP fibers coursing from the right hemisphere to the larger left PG. No increase in crossed OP fibers from the right hemisphere was observed in these animals. The increase in crossed SMP fibers after neonatal SMC lesions combined with neonatal HCb lesions is more dense than found in the single lesion groups. These findings suggest that separate mechanisms of plasticity might be operational for each lesion and that these mechanisms may be additive. PMID- 6619331 TI - Fetal development of primate chemosensory corpuscles. II. Synaptic relationships in early gestation. AB - Fungiform papillae contained well-developed chemosensory corpuscles in macaque monkey fetuses with crown-rump lengths of 5.0-9.0 cm. These fetuses corresponded to stages from the last part of the first and beginning of the second trimester of gestation. Chemosensory cells extended from the epithelial basal lamina to the taste pore anlage at the apex of the corpuscle and had typical afferent synaptic contacts with presumptive gustatory axons. Apical secretory granules, the distinctive cytologic feature of sustentacular cells, were absent. Cells with cytologic characteristics intermediate between chemosensory cells and basal extragemmal cells were considered to be differentiating chemosensory (DC) cells and appeared to arise from existing basal cells as well as undifferentiated postmitotic cells. Although extragemmal cells were extensively coupled by gap junctions which are apparent in electron micrographs of thin sections, similar junctions were absent from chemosensory and DC cells. While having minimal structural requirements for transduction and transmission of sapid stimuli (i.e., an intraoral surface and afferent synaptic contacts) chemosensory cells lacked efferent synapses and subsurface cisternae, which can be observed at later stages of gestation. Axoaxonic synapses, present between gustatory axons in the intragemmal and extragemmal epithelium and in the subgemmal connective tissue, were observed with greater frequency than at later stages of gestation. We conclude that the differentiation of chemosensory cells precedes the differentiation of sustentacular cells by several weeks. This fact lends support to the concept that chemosensory cells are a unique identifiable cells type in all chemosensory corpuscles. PMID- 6619330 TI - Neuronal subpopulations in cat retina which accumulate the GABA agonist, (3H)muscimol: a combined Golgi and autoradiographic study. AB - Golgi impregnation techniques were combined with electron microscopic autoradiography of (3H-muscimol in order to provide morphological identification of labeled neurons in the cat retina. This gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist has been shown to label the same neurons which accumulate (3H)GABA. Selected cells were photographed and drawn by the aid of a camera lucida drawing tube prior to being thin sectioned for autoradiography. The (3H)muscimol-accumulating neurons which were identified include an interplexiform cell, five classes of conventional amacrine cell, and another cell with its soma located in the ganglion cell layer which is either a ganglion cell or a displaced amacrine. The conventional amacrine cells were compared with the recent morphological classification of Kolb et al. (Vision Res. 21: 1081-1114, '81) and identified as A2, A10, A13, A17, and A19 amacrine cells. These cells exhibit a widespread distribution providing input to all five strata of the inner plexiform layer. PMID- 6619332 TI - Postnatal development of caudate input neurons in the cat. AB - Lectin-bound horseradish peroxidase (WG-HRP) was pressure-injected into the caudate nucleus (Cd) of neonatal (less than 24 hours of age) and adult cats in order to assess the postnatal development of monosynaptic Cd input neurons. Tissue was processed for peroxidase activity with a benzidine dihydrochloride chromagen. The injection of WG-HRP produced relatively similar labelled zones of marker uptake in the caudate nuclei of both neonates and adults. Similar axonal projections were also labelled in both age groups. While many characteristics of retrogradely labelled CD input neurons were apparently constant throughout postnatal life, each of these features had a particular developmental modification. (1) Regardless of age, neuronal somata that projected to the CD were located in the neocortex, thalamus, substantia nigra, mesencephalic raphe nuclei, and globus pallidus. In each of these brain sites, labelled CD input neurons appeared to migrate postnatally. (2) The Cd afferent axons originated from the same neuronal lines in neonates and adults--small-to-medium-sized cortical neurons and medium-sized-to-large fusiform cells in all other brain sites. In each of the brain sites, labelled neurons displayed marked postnatal somatic growth. (3) In both age groups, there was a characteristic intrasomatic reaction product density in the labelled neurons located in each brain site (substantia nigra greater than thalamus = raphe = globus pallidus greater than cortex). In each of these brain sites, the intrasomatic reaction product density was less in neonates than in adults. PMID- 6619333 TI - Morphology of cat phrenic motoneurons as revealed by intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase. AB - The morphology of phrenic motoneurons (PMs) of adult cat was examined by utilizing the technique of intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase. Twenty-one cells were reconstructed from serial sections in transverse, sagittal, and horizontal planes. The cell bodies were ellipsoid, with the major diameter oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the spinal cord. The dendrites of PMs are not distributed in a radially symmetric fashion, but rather project to four separate fields. The field containing the greatest number of dendrites extends rostrocaudally within the phrenic motor column. This collection of dendrites forms a rostrocaudal bundle in which the dendrites from neighboring PMs lie in close association with one another. The remaining dendrites project dorsolaterally, dorsomedially, and to a lesser extent, ventrally. The dorsolaterally directed dendrites from bundles upon entering the lateral funiculus with the dendrites from other PMs. Several of the dorsomedially directed dendrites cross to the contralateral spinal cord via the anterior commissure or central gray. A wide variety of dendritic spines and appendages was observed. There were not instances in which axon collaterals were observed for the 11 well-stained axons examined. The length of the initial segment of the axon was a function of the distance of the cell body from the ventral funiculus. PMID- 6619334 TI - Corticotectal terminals in the superior colliculus of the rabbit: a light- and electron microscopic analysis using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). AB - The projection from the striate cortex to the superior colliculus was studied light- and electron microscopically by means of anterogradely transported horseradish peroxidase and tetramethylbenzidine histochemistry. Labeled boutons were found in the stratum zonale (SZ) and in the stratum griseum superficiale (SGS), not in stratum opticum (SO). There are two maxima of frequency of labeled boutons, one in middle SGS at about 500 microns depth, and a smaller one in upper SGS at about 200 microns depth. Such a bimodal distribution of corticotectal terminals has not been described in any species before. Labeled myelinated axons were found in SGS and SO with a maximal frequency in middle SGS at about 400 microns depth. The myelinated axons in SZ, which are commonly considered to be of cortical origin, were not labeled. The labeled cortical terminals contained numerous round synaptic vesicles and predominantly dark mitochondria. They formed usually asymmetrical synapses and contacted dendrites, some of which contained synaptic vesicles. Occasionally, labeled boutons were observed which definitely did not belong to the type that is generally considered to be of cortical origin. PMID- 6619335 TI - Postnatal development of corticotectal neurons in the kitten striate cortex: a quantitative study with the horseradish peroxidase technique. AB - Postnatal development of striate cortical neurons projecting to the superior colliculus (SC) was studied in cats, ranging in age from newborn to adult, by injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the SC. At birth HRP-labelled cells were widely distributed throughout the cortex between the splenial and suprasylvian sulci, although a very rough topographic correspondence seemed to exist between the striate cortex and SC. The labelled cells were confined to layer V of the cortex, as in the adult. They were very densely packed and their somas were already pyramidal in shape although very slender. During the third to eighth days, apical dendrites of a substantial number of cells, mostly located in the upper bank of the splenial sulcus, were filled with HRP up to layer I and their somas were larger than those of cells located near the crown of the lateral and postlateral gyri. At the eighth day and thereafter, the distribution of the labelled cells across the visual cortex was not so widespread as that seen in the newborn kittens. The dendritic arborization pattern of labelled cells became nearly adultlike at the four week, and its full maturation was seen at the eighth week. A quantitative analysis of the cross-sectional areas of the cells and their packing density in layer V of the cortex revealed that (1) the size of cells increased very rapidly during the second week and became almost adultlike at the fifth week; (2) the density of cells reduced dramatically during the second week and thereafter at a low rate until the eighth week; and (3) the ratio of the labelled to unlabelled cells in layer V decreased remarkably also during the second week. These results suggest that an elimination of axon collaterals of corticotectal cells or their death may take place mostly during the second week of age, when eye-opening occurs in kittens. By comparison with previous data on functional development of the SC, it is also suggested that the maturation of visual response properties of SC neurons may depend on postnatal development of corticotectal cells. PMID- 6619336 TI - The effects of undernutrition during early life on the rat optic nerve fibre number and size-frequency distribution. AB - Male rats undernourished from the 18th day of gestation till 100 days of age were nutritionally rehabilitated until 200 days of age. Six control and six experimental rats at each of 25, 50, 100, and 200 days of age were killed by perfusion with buffered 2.5% glutaraldehyde. Pieces of optic nerve from just behind the left eye of each rat were postfixed in osmium tetroxide and embedded in resin. Estimates of the total number of fibres and their mean diameter and size-frequency distributions were made for each nerve. Rats undernourished until 25 days of age had a mean +/- SE of 57,464 +/- 6,778 fibres per optic nerve. This represented a 36% deficit (P less than 0.01) compared with the 25-day-old control value of 89,778 +/- 6,625. In addition, these undernourished rats had proportionately more small fibres than the age-matched controls. This resulted in a significant deficit in mean fibre diameter at this age. These deficits and distortions disappeared in all the older rats studied, despite the continued undernourishment of some animals up to 100 days of age. It appears that even the lengthy period of undernutrition imposed in the present experiments could not produce a permanent deficit in optic nerve fibre number, size, and size distribution. It is suggested that the deficits seen initially at 25 days of age may have been due to a temporary delay in the growth and development of these nerve fibres. PMID- 6619337 TI - The growth of neurites from explants of brachial spinal cord exposed to different components of wing bud mesenchyme. AB - The extension of peripheral axons from the brachial spinal cord into the embryonic chick wing bud suggests that the target premuscle cell masses may act as the source of an adhesion gradient which establishes selective nerve pathways. Wing premuscle cell masses were explanted from different stage embryos and tested against age-matched brachial spinal cord for their ability to promote directional neurite outgrowth. It was found that target premuscle which does not contain myotubes could still elicit directional outgrowth in vitro. In contrast, skin and precartilage were unable to promote neuritic outgrowth significantly. Serum-free conditioned media were prepared from stages 20-38 premuscle and tested against age-matched spinal cord explants. There was an increase in the effects of conditioned media on neuritic outgrowth up to stage 35; conditioned media from older-stage premuscles had less effect than that of stage 35 premuscles. These results were shown to be dependent on the maturation of the premuscles and not on that of the spinal cord. When the premuscle conditioned media were preincubated over polylysine substrata, the ability to induce neuritic outgrowth was abolished from media derived from premuscle at stage 27 and older. Conditioned media derived from premuscle at stage 27 or older contain a polylysine-binding neurite promoting factor which is present in greater amounts in more differentiated muscle. The time of first detection of neurite-promoting factors in stage 27 premuscle conditioned media correlates with the in vivo stages at which muscle specific nerves branch from the main nerve trunks. PMID- 6619338 TI - The dual origins of the olivocochlear bundle in the albino rat. AB - Recent studies of the origins and terminations of the olivocochlear bundle (OCB) in the cat provide evidence that separate efferent systems differentially innervate the two types of hair cells in the organ of Corti. To begin to test the generality of these separate olivocochlear systems, the cells of origin of the OCB were determined in the albino rat by using axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. Our findings are that, as in the cat, two classes of olivocochlear (OC) neurons project to the cochlea. These neurons could be dichotomized according to their location in the superior olivary complex (lateral or medial), their size (small or large), and their preferred side of projection (ipsilateral or contralateral). All labeled OC neurons also exhibited a positive reaction for acetylcholinesterase. In the rat, however, lateral and medial OC neurons are each restricted to a single nucleus, and, furthermore, the lateral OC neurons project only ipsilaterally. The rat also has significantly fewer mean totals of both lateral (240 vs. 710) and medial (240 vs. 520) OC neurons than the cat. The present methods also demonstrated the course of axons of the OCB and axon collaterals entering the cochlear nuclear complex. Vestibular efferent neurons were also labeled bilaterally medial and lateral to the facial genu. Our results suggest that the general organizational plan of OC neurons in the rat may offer advantages over the situation in the cat for studies of connectional neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and behavioral functions of the two olivocochlear systems. PMID- 6619339 TI - The indusium griseum and anterior hippocampal continuation in the rat. AB - The morphology and connections of the indusium griseum (IG) and anterior hippocampal continuation (AHC) suggest that this cortex contains analogues to several portions of the hippocampal formation. Whereas the outer neuronal layer of this cortex is made up of cells which are similar in structure to the neurons of the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus, the three successively deeper layers contain morphological analogues to the neurons of the dentate hilus, Ammon's horn, and the subiculum, respectively. The neurons within each of these four layers of the AHC and IG have afferent and efferent connections which are quite similar to the connections of their hippocampal counterparts. Thus, the granule cells of the IG and AHC receive laminar inputs from the entorhinal cortex, the IG-AHC itself, and the supramammillary region. Each of these three classes of inputs ends at successively more proximal positions on the dendritic tree of these granule cells. Other inputs to this region include those from the septal nuclei and the olfactory bulb. The deeper layers of the IG and AHC receive several inputs, including those from the thalamic and septal nuclei and the entorhinal cortex. The efferent cell bodies of the IG and AHC are segregated in such a way that the granule cells appear to give rise to only short connections, while the hilar cells project to the granule cells, the intermediate pyramidal neurons project to other portions of the IG and AHC and to the olfactory bulb, and the deep pyramidal neurons project to the diencephalon. These results demonstrate that the IG-AHC is a continuation of the hippocampal formation. PMID- 6619340 TI - Four types of amacrine in the cat retina that accumulate GABA. AB - Roughly one-quarter of neurons in the amacrine cell layer accumulate exogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Some of these (8%) are interplexiform cells; the remainder are true amacrine cells. We partially reconstructed, from serial electron microscopy autoradiograms, 25 GABA-accumulating amacrines and distinguished four types based on cytoplasmic appearance, soma size and shape, and the form of primary and secondary processes. Type 1 had a large (609 +/- 60 microns3), dark soma, and multiple, medium-diameter (0.6 microns) processes splayed from the soma margins like the appendages from a crab. Type 2 had a medium (360 +/- 40 microns3), helmet-shaped, pale soma, and medium-diameter (0.8 microns) processes that branched in sublamina alpha. Type 3 had a small (267 +/- 44 microns3), dark, pyriform soma. The latter formed a single stout (3.0 microns) process that bifurcated in the middle of sublamina alpha. Type 4 had a very large, pale soma (860 microns3). This was pyriform, tapering into a stout (2.0 microns) process that descended into the middle of sublamina alpha where it emitted smaller tangential processes. It is to be expected that each of these amacrine cell types will have distinct functions in neurotransmitter retinal circuitry. PMID- 6619341 TI - Organization of the projections of a circumventricular organ: the area postrema in the rat. AB - The projections of the rat area postrema were analysed using anterograde and retrograde axonal transport techniques. Discrete injections of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) into the area postrema produced anterograde labeling in specific medullary and pontine nuclei. In the medulla, anterograde labeling was present in the internal solitary zone and dorsal division of the medial solitary nucleus, both of which also contained a small number of retrogradely labeled perikarya. Prominent projections to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus were seen only if the WGA-HRP injections in the area postrema invaded dorsal solitary nuclei. In the pons, anterograde labeling was present in the parabrachial nuclei, the dorsolateral tegmental nucleus, and the pericentral division of the dorsal tegmental nucleus. By far the major pontine projection was to the dorsolateral region of the middle one-third of the rostrocaudal extent of the parabrachial nuclei. Retrograde fluorescent tracing studies indicated that most area postrema neurons take part in this parabrachial projection. The area postrema projection to the parabrachial nuclei was bilaterally distributed, whereas that from the dorsal solitary nuclei was primarily ipsilateral. The external solitary zone, immediately subadjacent to the area postrema, neither received area postrema projections nor participated in the projections to the parabrachial nuclei. Fluorescent retrograde double labeling studies confirmed the bilateral nature of the area postrema projection to the parabrachial nuclei. In addition, because no doubly labeled neurons were observed it appears that individual area postrema neurons project to either side but not both sides of the dorsal pons. Thus, numerous neuronal pathways exist for the transfer of blood-borne information (that cannot cross the blood-brain barrier) from the area postrema to other brain regions. PMID- 6619342 TI - Distribution of dendrites of mitral, displaced mitral, tufted, and granule cells in the rabbit olfactory bulb. AB - To determine the dendritic fields, mitral, displaced mitral, middle tufted, and granule cells in the rabbit olfactory bulb were stained by intracellular injection of HRP. The secondary dendrites of mitral cells were distributed mostly in the inner half of the external plexiform layer (EPL). Those of displaced mitral cells extended mainly into the middle and superficial sublayers in the EPL. The secondary dendrites of middle tufted cells were distributed mostly in the superficial portion of the EPL. Mitral cells extended their secondary dendrites in virtually all directions within a plane tangential to the mitral cell layer (MCL) and thus had a disklike projection field with a radius of about 850 microns. Displaced mitral cells had similar dendritic projection fields in the tangential plane but with somewhat distorted shapes. The secondary dendrites of middle tufted cells had a tendency to extend in particular directions. From the projection pattern of the gemmules on the peripheral processes, granule cells were classified into three types. Type I granule cells had gemmules both in the superficial and in the deep sublayers of the EPL. The peripheral processes of Type II granule cells were confined to the deep half of the EPL. The gemmules of Type III granule cells ere distributed in the superficial half of the EPL. The differing dendritic ramification among mitral, displaced mitral, and middle tufted cells suggests the separation of the dendrodendritic synaptic interactions with granule cells in different sublayers in the EPL. It also suggests a functional separation of the sublayers of the EPL. PMID- 6619343 TI - Postnatal changes in retinal ganglion cell and optic axon populations in the pigmented rat. AB - The number of ganglion cells in the retina of the postnatal rat has been examined. We estimated both the number of axons in the optic nerve and the number of cells which can be retrogradely labelled with horseradish peroxidase from injections into the brain. In the retina of the newborn rat there are at least twice as many ganglion cells as in the adult rat. By retrograde labelling of the ganglion cells and following transection of their axons 24-48 hrs later we can find no evidence that ganglion cells withdraw their axon without degeneration of the patent cell body. We have found that the excess ganglion cells are lost over the first ten postnatal days and during this period we observe pyknotic nuclei in the ganglion cell layer. From our estimates of the total number of neurones in the ganglion cell layer and the number of ganglion cells found at different ages we conclude that the migration of amacrine cells into the ganglion cell layer occurs in the first five postnatal days. PMID- 6619344 TI - A note on the lactation performance of twin-bearing cows. AB - Seven pairs of cows were chosen at parturition. In each pair, 1 member had had a twin pregnancy (T) and the other was a comparable cow with a single calf pregnancy (S). All cows were offered the same amount of feed over the first 28 weeks of lactation. In early lactation, intakes were equal; in mid-lactation the T group ate more. The T cows had a lower peak yield of milk than the S cows, but rates of decline in yield in mid-lactation were equal for the 2 groups. Lactose concentrations in the milk were equal throughout lactation, but the fat and protein concentrations were greater for the T group in early lactation. The T group yielded smaller amounts of milk solids. The T group lost less weight in early lactation and gained more weight subsequently. Three of the T group, but only 1 of the S group, did not conceive during the test lactation. PMID- 6619345 TI - Nitrogen content of human milk: limitations of spectrophotometry for the determination of protein in milk. AB - Nakai & Chi Le (1970) have described a rapid method for the determination of the N content of bovine milk based on the close correlation of absorbance at 280 nm with values for total N as determined by the Kjeldahl procedure. The applicability of the method to human milk samples has been investigated. The procedure is limited by: (1) the dependence of the relation between absorbance value and N content on both the mode of collection and the postnatal age of the donor, and (2) variable interference by non-protein components of the milk. In spite of these shortcomings, the method may be of value as a screening test for certain human milk banks. PMID- 6619346 TI - Effect of several heat treatments and frozen storage on thiamine, riboflavin, and ascorbic acid content of milk. AB - This research was designed to test the reliability of modified Association of Official Analytical Chemists methods for quantitation of thiamine, riboflavin, and ascorbic acid in milk; to ascertain the extent of destruction of those vitamins by modern heat processing; and to determine if it is truthful to report that heat processing does not reduce milk's nutritional properties insofar as those vitamins are concerned. Milk was processed continuously at four time temperature treatments, including that used for modern commercial sterilization. Both raw and heated milks were analyzed immediately for content of heat labile vitamins; subsamples were packaged in amber plastic bottles, frozen, and subsequently analyzed for vitamin content after 14 days storage. Analyses were by modified Association of Official Analytical Chemists fluorometric techniques. PMID- 6619347 TI - Effect of stage of lactation and varying available energy intake on milk production, milk composition, and subsequent tissue enzymic activity. AB - Twenty-four cows were allotted at parturition to receive one of four rations for 180 days. Rations were regular ad libitum (about 20% crude fiber), concentrate ad libitum (about 10% crude fiber), and restricted to recommended energy intake, and intermediate ration (14% crude fiber) ad libitum. Cows on concentrate consumed less dry matter, fiber and protein than intermediate and regular cows. Cows fed more forage gained more weight, had milk with higher protein and fat content, but were similar in milk production to those fed high concentrate. Fat test decreased to 4 wk in all treatments, and by 8 or 9 wk cows fed concentrate decreased to their lowest fat test. Concentrate restriction enhanced fat test beyond 8 wk. Ruminal propionate was higher and similar for both concentrate groups. Ruminal volatile fatty acids were higher, glucose slightly higher, and blood acetate lower for cows on ad libitum concentrate compared to intermediate. Mammary and adipose tissue from cows in midlactation were assayed for key enzymes of fatty acid synthesis. Activity of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase tended higher for concentrate rations in adipose tissue, but mammary tissue was 21 to 28 times as active. Mammary tissue was 7 to 10 times as active as adipose tissue in fatty acid synthetase with no difference in rations. PMID- 6619348 TI - Rumen conditions that predispose cattle to pasture bloat. AB - Rumen contents from the dorsal sac were examined before alfalfa ingestion to determine factors that predispose cattle to pasture bloat. Chlorophyll concentration, buoyancy of particulate matter, and rates of gas production were significantly higher in cattle that subsequently bloated than in those that did not. Higher chlorophyll in bloat cases indicated accumulation of suspended chloroplast particles in the dorsal sac, perhaps due to increased buoyancy of the particulate matter. The higher fermentation rates (in the presence of glucose) suggested that the latent capacity for gas production was due to microbial colonization of suspended feed particles. Chlorophyll 4 h after feeding was also higher in bloated as compared to unbloated animals. In short, the microbial colonization and retention of particulate matter provided active inocula for promoting rapid legume digestion. Consequently, gas production was enhanced when feeding commenced, but the fermentation gases were trapped by the buoyant, frothy ingesta, resulting in the condition of pasture bloat. PMID- 6619349 TI - Bovine pregnancy detection by nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of cervical mucus. AB - Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of bovine cervical mucous samples obtained 5 to 50 days postbreeding from 44 dairy cows were compared with reproductive performance of the animals to that breeding. Regression of relative changes of peak asymmetry at 20 and 50% peak height on the ratio of peak width, at half height, to peak height established a zone characteristic of animals subsequently delivering calves. All 13 animals whose mucous asymmetry indices were within this zone gave birth to calves; however, one calf was dead on arrival. Samples from 31 animals had indices outside the zone; 28 of these animals returned to heat and 3 delivered calves dead at birth. Using live birth compared with return to heat or birth of a dead calf as test criteria for the 51 samples gave a combined effectiveness rating of 98% contrasted with 94.1% if the criteria were birth of a calf, living or dead, or return to heat. PMID- 6619350 TI - Changes of aldosterone in blood serum of dairy cattle during estrous cycle. AB - Blood samples were taken daily from five lactating cows and five open heifers beginning with the 1st day postestrus and continuing until the animal was observed in standing estrus. Means of aldosterone in blood serum were 102.6 +/- 5.1 pg/ml for lactating cows and 94.1 +/- 5.1 pg/ml for open heifers. Age and lactation did not appear to be major factors affecting circulating aldosterone in the bovine species. Effect of day of the estrous cycle on aldosterone was quadratic. Concentrations of aldosterone for lactating cows started at 92.3 pg/ml on day 1 of the estrous cycle, peaked at 125.5 pg/ml on day 8, then declined steadily to a low of 43.2 pg/ml on day 20. There was no significant interaction of group by day. During the estrous cycle aldosterone appeared to be related to development of corpus luteum and progesterone. Sodium in blood serum was higher during estrus for lactating cows than open heifers for linear, quadratic, and cubic effects. Although not correlated with aldosterone, sodium exhibited similar cyclic patterns throughout the estrous cycle. Responses between sodium and aldosterone appeared delayed during estrus. PMID- 6619351 TI - Variability of resting mammary blood flow in nonlactating Holstein cows. PMID- 6619352 TI - Radiographic method for evaluation of bovine artificial inseminating technique. AB - Radiography was used to visualize the interior of excised bovine reproductive tracts during artificial insemination. Reproductive tracts were placed in a device that simulated the anatomical position of the reproductive organs in vivo. Air was introduced into the uterus to provide differential radiopacity between the uterine lumen and the surrounding soft tissue. Egg yolk extender was saturated with lead acetate to provide radiopacity, thus enabling the inseminate to be visualized following deposition. This radiographic technique enables the insemination syringe tip and the distribution of the inseminate within the reproductive tract to be visualized clearly without dissection. PMID- 6619353 TI - A case report of dissociative neurosis (depersonalization disorder) in an adolescent treated with family therapy and behavior modification. PMID- 6619354 TI - Hopelessness and social desirability as moderator variables in predicting suicidal behavior. PMID- 6619355 TI - Validation of a multimethod assessment of posttraumatic stress disorders in Vietnam veterans. PMID- 6619356 TI - Hopelessness, depression, and suicidal intent among psychiatrically disturbed inpatient children. PMID- 6619357 TI - Generalizability of a checklist for assessment of psychopathy. PMID- 6619358 TI - Uncommon tiredness among college undergraduates. PMID- 6619359 TI - Cognitions of test-anxious children. PMID- 6619360 TI - Factor structure of the Symptom Checklist-90 with acute psychiatric inpatients. PMID- 6619361 TI - Behavioral treatment of Raynaud's disease. PMID- 6619362 TI - Assertion and overcontrolled hostility among mentally disordered murderers. PMID- 6619363 TI - Negative factors in brief psychotherapy: an empirical assessment. PMID- 6619364 TI - Emotional, behavioral, and physiological effects of chronic stress at Three Mile Island. PMID- 6619365 TI - Levels of functional impairment following a civilian disaster: The Beverly Hills Supper Club fire. PMID- 6619366 TI - The Vanderbilt Psychotherapy Process Scale: a report on the scale development and a process-outcome study. PMID- 6619367 TI - A cross-cultural comparison of American Indian, black, and white inpatients on the MMPI and presenting symptoms. PMID- 6619368 TI - Insomnia and psychosocial crisis: two studies of Erikson's developmental theory. PMID- 6619370 TI - Stress-disorder symptoms in Vietnam and Korean war veterans: a commentary on Thienes-Hontos, Watson, and Kucala. PMID- 6619369 TI - Life events, symptom course, and treatment outcome in unipolar depressed women. PMID- 6619371 TI - Associative disturbance in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorders, and major affective disorders: comparisons between hospitalization and 1-year follow-up. PMID- 6619372 TI - Effects of subject sex, examiner sex, and test apparatus on Halstead Category and Tactual Performance Tests. PMID- 6619373 TI - Readability of self-report depression inventories. PMID- 6619374 TI - MMPI overlap item scales for differentiating psychotics, neurotics, and nonpsychiatric groups. PMID- 6619375 TI - Self-efficacy and relapse in smoking cessation: a replication and extension. PMID- 6619376 TI - Specific and nonspecific effects in the biofeedback treatment of tension headache: 3-year follow-up. PMID- 6619377 TI - Use of demographic and clinical characteristics in predicting length of psychiatric hospital stay: a final evaluation. PMID- 6619378 TI - Percentage of WAIS-R standardization sample obtaining Verbal-Performance discrepancies. PMID- 6619379 TI - Basal cell nevus syndrome responses. PMID- 6619381 TI - Capsule dermatopathology: malignant cellular infiltrates of the skin with foamy cytoplasm. PMID- 6619380 TI - Prevention of intraoperative trauma to the lacrimal system. PMID- 6619382 TI - Surgical flaps: the upper-to-lower eyelid transposition flap. AB - One of the methods of reconstructing superficial lower eyelid defects is by transposition of upper eyelid skin to the defect area. The stepwise methodology of this flap is discussed and demonstrated. The additional use of small, centrally placed grafts from the superfluous distal flap skin broadens the use of the flap. PMID- 6619383 TI - Metastatic renal-cell carcinoma presenting as a cutaneous horn. AB - Renal-cell carcinoma develops as an insidious neoplasm, frequently metastasizing to the skin. Cutaneous manifestations vary regarding morphology and sites of predilection. A patient was recently seen demonstrating a metastasis from a renal neoplasm. The lesion was unusual in that it grossly resembled a cutaneous horn. Dermatologists should continue to be alert to the possibility of renal tumor metastasis when evaluating cutaneous tumors. PMID- 6619384 TI - Inhibition of wound healing by topical steroids. AB - A new animal model was used to study the effect of topical agents on wound healing. A weak- (hydrocortisone cream 1%) and medium-strength (fluocinolone acetonide ointment 0.025%) steroid and their vehicles were applied to full thickness skin wounds placed on the backs of female Syrian hamsters. Wound healing was significantly retarded by both steroids when compared to their vehicles. Fluocinolone had a greater inhibitory effect than hydrocortisone. PMID- 6619385 TI - Tattoo removal using serial tangential excision and polyurethane membrane dressing. AB - A technique using serial split-thickness tangential excisions and polyurethane membrane dressings for removal of decorative tattoos is described. PMID- 6619386 TI - Relationship of fluorescent lights to malignant melanoma: another view. AB - In an attempt to determine whether exposure to fluorescent lights may cause an increased risk for developing melanoma, 114 patients with melanoma were compared to 228 age-matched controls. Fluorescent-light exposure, along with 10 other risk factors, was analyzed for its possible relationship to malignant melanoma. No association was found between fluorescent-light exposure and increased risk for acquiring malignant melanoma. PMID- 6619387 TI - [Ultrastructural changes in Crithidia oncopelti as affected by olivomycin in the inhibition of intracellular lipid biosynthesis]. PMID- 6619388 TI - [Dynamics of the changes in catecholamine and acetylcholine content of the blood in prolonged exposure to a high-induction permanent magnetic field]. PMID- 6619389 TI - [Effect of alkyl-substituted beta-oxy derivatives of pyridine on erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity]. PMID- 6619390 TI - [Effect of an antioxidant on the recovery of hematopoiesis and thrombocyte aggregation]. PMID- 6619391 TI - [Bio- and histochemical study of the dynamics of brain acetylcholinesterase activity in rats during the development of a conditioned reflex]. PMID- 6619392 TI - The current state of DIC. PMID- 6619393 TI - Patient readmission to critical care units during the same hospitalization at a community teaching hospital. AB - The incidence and cause of patient readmission, during the same hospitalization, to a critical care unit was studied in an urban community teaching hospital. During a 12-month period, there were 1069 admissions to the critical care units with 640 patients being at risk for readmission. The readmission rate was 11.7%. Prematurity of transfer out of a critical care unit may have been a contributing factor in 4.2% of the readmissions. Cardiac and respiratory problems were the major contributing causes for readmission. Improved communication between physicians, nurses and therapists could probably decrease premature transfers that contribute to readmission. Enhanced awareness of need for, and ability to provide aggressive pulmonary toilet may diminish the incidence of respiratory relapse. More data is needed regarding acceptable readmission rates; prospective studies are needed to better define the patient population at risk. PMID- 6619394 TI - Efficiency of respiratory assistance in cirrhotic patients with liver failure. AB - In a 25-month period, 100 cirrhotic patients, in our intensive care unit (ICU) needed endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. The overall mortality rate was 89%; the mortality rate was 100% among patients with septic shock and/or superimposed acute hepatitis and/or severe cirrhosis defined with clinical signs: jaundice and/or ascites and/or spontaneous hepatic encephalopathy and/or severe malnutrition. With these prognostic indices, using Bayes theorem, the probability of fatal evolution ranges from 95%-100% (alpha = 5%). These results allow a group of patients with high cost and poor prognosis to be defined. PMID- 6619395 TI - Serum potassium levels during prolonged hypothermia. AB - Hypokalemia (mean serum potassium 2.3 +/- 0.4 mEq/l) was observed in six hypothermic patients (30 degrees - 32 degrees C) with head injuries or brain hypoxia. In the first three patients, potassium was administered to maintain serum levels above 3.5 mEq/l and on rewarming after 48 h of hypothermia hyperkalemia (peak serum potassium = 7.1 +/- 0.5 mEq/l) associated with cardiac arrhythmias developed. The remaining three patients received sufficient potassium to approximately replace measured losses during the hypothermic period. These patients did not become hyperkalemic on rewarming. Clinically insignificant sinus bradycardia, premature atrial contractions and junctional rhythms were seen during hypothermia with hypokalemia. We conclude that hypothermia produces hypokalemia by a shift of potassium from the extracellular to intracellular or extra vascular spaces. Potassium therapy during controlled hypothermia in the range 30 degrees - 32 degrees C should only replace measured losses. PMID- 6619396 TI - The influence of environmental temperature (32 degrees C) on catabolism using the Clinitron fluidised bed. AB - The metabolic response to injury can be modified by raising the environmental temperature to 32 degrees C. A prospective study using the Clinitron fluidised bed showed this to be a suitable alternative to a warm room. Overall total urinary nitrogen savings were significant (p less than 0.001) in a warm environment although individual patients showed some variation in the degree of response. Overall the trend is encouraging and merits further attention an investigation in severe injury. PMID- 6619397 TI - Scopolamine intoxications. AB - Pure scopolamine intoxications are extremely rare. We treated a series of severe intoxications exclusively caused by scopolamine and due to the intentional mixing of pure scopolamine into drinks. The clinical course and therapy are reported. On the basis of our experience and a survey of literature, we found physostigmine to be an excellent antidote. The symptomatology of the patients confirms that scopolamine has a dose-related stimulant effect on the central nervous system. PMID- 6619398 TI - Arteriovenous fistulas following central venous catheterization. AB - We report three patients in whom arteriovenous fistulas probably occurred following placement of central venous catheters. Two fistulas apparently followed internal jugular vein catheterization (or attempts), and one was demonstrated angiographically following subclavian vein cannulation. One fistula was repaired operatively, and in this case two separate fistulas in the same anatomical region were found. One patient refused surgery but remained asymptomatic after 6 months of follow-up. In the third patient the fistula probably spontaneously disappeared within one week of its appearance. We discuss two methods of central vein cannulation which should decrease the occurrence of complications following the procedure. PMID- 6619399 TI - Synchronized intermittent mandatory insufflation of the endotracheal tube cuff. AB - Continuous inflation of endotracheal tube cuffs causes tracheal injury in up to 11% of intubated patients. To avoid this complication and its consequences of tracheal and laryngeal stenosis and tracheoesophageal fistula, we designed a simple device which enables intermittent inflation of the cuff during inspiratory periods of mechanical ventilation. This was achieved by connecting the inlet of the cuff of the pressure regulating tubing of the expiratory valve of a Bennett respirator. We have used the device in 25 patients with prolonged intubation. There was no air leak around the tube, no aspiration of gastric content, and no late complications as shown by direct laryngoscopy at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after extubation, and by X-ray of the upper airway. PMID- 6619400 TI - Continuous flush devices for vascular pressure monitoring. AB - Six different types of continuous flush devices have been assessed for accuracy in vitro and ease of use in vivo. Only two types of device matched the manufacturers' specifications of performance. The other four gave higher flow rates than expected. PMID- 6619401 TI - Spontaneous rupture of the spleen complicating portal hypertension. AB - A 54-year-old male with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and hepatic coma grade IV is described, who succumbed as a result of spontaneous rupture of the spleen. A relationship to portal hypertension is suggested, although haemorrhagic diathesis and sepsis may have been contributing factors. PMID- 6619402 TI - A simplified technique for measuring intracranial pressure. PMID- 6619403 TI - Incidence of septicemias. PMID- 6619404 TI - Prototypic typology and the borderline personality disorder. PMID- 6619405 TI - Fear behavior, fear imagery, and the psychophysiology of emotion: the problem of affective response integration. PMID- 6619406 TI - Analyzing nonverbal behavior in depression. PMID- 6619407 TI - Depression, interpersonal standard setting, and judgments of self-efficacy. PMID- 6619408 TI - Depression and components of self-punitiveness: high standards, self-criticism, and overgeneralization. PMID- 6619410 TI - The impact of conflicting communications on response to hypnotic suggestion. PMID- 6619409 TI - Prediction of psychological symptoms under high-risk psychosocial circumstances: life events, social support, and symptom specificity. PMID- 6619411 TI - Premorbid and symptomatic characteristics of schizophrenics from families with high and low levels of expressed emotion. PMID- 6619412 TI - Speech competence in manic and schizophrenic psychoses: the association between clinically rated thought disorder and cohesion and reference performance. PMID- 6619413 TI - Memory, emotion, and REM sleep. PMID- 6619414 TI - Effects of alcohol versus expectancy for alcohol on the incidence of graffiti following an experimental task. PMID- 6619415 TI - Low metal levels in emotionally disturbed children. PMID- 6619416 TI - Hypnotizability and phobic behavior: further supporting data. PMID- 6619417 TI - Normalization of ultrasonic scattering measurements to obtain average differential scattering cross sections for tissues. AB - An integral expression is derived for the normalization of ultrasonic scattering data to obtain an average differential scattering cross section per unit volume for tissue which is modeled as a random, fluidlike medium. The expression assumes narrowband signals and involves the incident beam, receiver beam pattern, and time gates. The beams and gates combine to form a window which limits the scattering volume. The derivation of the expression requires that the dimensions of the window be large compared to the correlation length of the scattering medium. Numerical values of the normalizing integral are given for cylindrical and beamlimited scattering volumes as a function of incident frequency and scattering angle under the assumptions of Gaussian beams and rectangular time gates. A set of curves is presented to relate the percent difference between the result for backscatter from a cylindrical scattering volume and from a beamlimited scattering volume which does not include the truncation effect of the cylinder boundary. Although similar in form to normalizations used by others, the integral in this paper is obtained from a derivation which treats physical parameters rigorously and provides a precise statement of conditions which are sufficient to obtain system-independent scattering data. PMID- 6619418 TI - Discrimination of speech processed by low-pass filtering and pitch-invariant frequency lowering. AB - Consonant discriminability by normal-hearing listeners was studied for monosyllables processed using frequency lowering with either uniform (linear) or nonuniform (warped) compression of the frequency axis. The bandwidth of the compressed signal was either 2500 or 1250 Hz and five compression characteristics were studied, in addition to low-pass filtering, for each of the two bandwidths. Stimuli were 24 consonant-vowel syllables made up of 24 consonants and three vowels, recorded three times by each of two male and female speakers. A "roving speaker, roving-vowel, roving-utterance," two-interval, forced-choiced procedure with feedback was employed. As expected, performance for the 2500-Hz bandwidth was superior to that for the 1250-Hz bandwidth. For each bandwidth, compression schemes which accomplished greater lowering of the high frequencies relative to the low frequencies resulted in the highest performance. Overall performance for the best frequency-lowering system studied, however, was roughly comparable to that obtained for low-pass filtering. Patterns of performance over articulatory features were different for frequency lowering and filtering. In general, lowering was superior to filtering for contrasts of fricative sounds but inferior for contrasts of nasals and semivowels. PMID- 6619419 TI - Coarticulation in sequences of two nonhomorganic stop consonants: perceptual and acoustic evidence. AB - This study investigated whether any perceptually useful coarticulatory information is carried by the release burst of the first of two successive, nonhomorganic stop consonants. The CV portions of natural VCCV utterances were replaced with matched synthetic stimuli from a continuum spanning the three places of stop articulation. There was a sizable effect of coarticulatory cues in the natural-speech portion on the perception of the second stop consonant. Moreover, when the natural VC portions including the final release burst were presented in isolation, listeners were significantly better than chance at guessing the identity of the following, "missing" syllable-initial stop. The hypothesis that the release burst of a syllable-final stop contains significant coarticulatory information about the place of articulation of a following, nonhomorganic stop was further confirmed in acoustic analyses which revealed significant effects of CV context on the spectral properties of the release bursts. The relationship between acoustic stimulus properties and listeners' perceptual responses was not straightforward, however. PMID- 6619420 TI - Formant frequencies, bandwidths, and Qs in helium speech. AB - We used linear prediction analysis to estimate a diver's vocal tract response for isolated vowels spoken in air at 1 atm and in heliox at simulated depths of 54-, 120-, 300-, and 500-m seawater. We specifically measured formant frequency, bandwidth, and Q changes as a function of environment. The formant frequencies shifted upward nonlinearly in helium speech. The formant bandwidths in helium speech increased as much as 14 times their corresponding bandwidths in normal speech. The ratios of formant Qs (helium speech to normal speech) ranges from 0.3 (low formants) to 2 (high formants). PMID- 6619421 TI - Stress and vowel duration effects on syllable recognition. AB - Systems designed to recognize continuous speech must be able to adapt to many types of acoustic variation, including variations in stress. A speaker-dependent recognition study was conducted on a group of stressed and destressed syllables. These syllables, some containing the short vowel /I/ and others the long vowel /ae/, were excised from continuous speech and transformed into arrays of cepstral coefficients at two levels of precision. From these data, four types of template dictionaries varying in size and stress composition were formed by a time-warping procedure. Recognition performance data were gathered from listeners and from a computer recognition algorithm that also employed warping. It was found that for a significant portion of the data base, stressed and destressed versions of the same syllable are sufficiently different from one another as to justify the use of separate dictionary templates. Second, destressed syllables exhibit roughly the same acoustic variance as their stressed counterparts. Third, long vowels tend to be involved in proportionally fewer cross-vowel errors but tend to diminish the warping algorithm's ability to discriminate consonantal information. Finally, the pattern of consonant errors that listeners make as a function of vowel length shows significant differences from that produced by the computer. PMID- 6619422 TI - Intense sounds may alter the mechanical properties of the cochlear partition. AB - Morphological and structural changes have been observed in various cochlear elements following exposure to intense sounds. Whether these changes are sufficient to locally alter the mechanical properties of the cochlear partition is unknown. Here a psychophysical test for mechanical changes in the partition is developed and applied. Monaural exposures to an intense 1700-Hz tone were preceded and followed by a binaural task in which the subject adjusted the interaural time difference of a 250-Hz tone in order to perceive it as centered inside his head. If the local gradients of mass, stiffness, and/or coupling were altered by the exposure, then the post-exposure settings should contain a time lead toward one ear or the other, depending upon the direction of the mechanical changes. Following exposure to an intense tone, the maximum temporary threshold shift (TTS) is often displaced upward in frequency from the exposure stimulus--an effect widely known as the half-octave shift in TTS. Time leads toward the nonexposed ear in the post-exposure centering task would be in accord with a mechanical-change explanation of the half-octave shift. Settings in this direction were observed with the most intense and longest durations of exposure used, but with less intense or shorter exposures, the post-exposure settings were initially toward the exposed ear. Thus, the psychophysical evidence reported here supports the idea that exposure to intense sounds does produce temporary, local changes in cochlear mechanics, but it fails to provide a simple confirmation of the possibility that these mechanical changes underlie the half-octave shift in TTS. PMID- 6619423 TI - Effects of auditory fatigue on speech intelligibility and lexical decision in noise. AB - The influence of weak auditory fatigue on speech identification and lexical decision (word/nonword) was studied. It appears that, at a low listening level and in presence of a strong masking noise, auditory fatigue gives rise to: (1) a decrease in identification scores, (2) more frequent confusions for fricatives, (3) a reduction in correct lexical decision scores, (4) an increase in the tendency to respond "word" more often than "nonword" (5) a slight increase in reaction times for incorrectly repeated items. The intelligibility impairment can be attributed to a combination of masking and fatigue effects. Errors in lexical decisions and changes in response times are explained by an adaptation of the lexical decision processes to the degraded perceptual representations of the stimuli. There is no clear evidence in this experiment that a very central component of auditory fatigue influences lexical decisions. PMID- 6619424 TI - Gap detection as a function of frequency, bandwidth, and level. AB - The threshold for detection of a temporal gap in a noiseband was measured. A notched noise masker was used to restrict listening to a limited spectral region. Threshold was measured as a function of center frequency, bandwidth, and level. For a signal bandwidth of one-half the center frequency, the gap threshold decreased from 22.5 ms for a center frequency of 0.2 kHz to 3.2 ms at 8.0 kHz: a wideband condition provided an estimate of 2.3 ms, a value in agreement with previously published estimates. Bandwidth manipulation showed that the variation with frequency was not due to changes in absolute bandwidth alone. The effect of changes in level was determined at three frequencies, 0.4, 1.0, and 6.5 kHz, using a signal bandwidth of half the center frequency. At all frequencies gap threshold decreased as the signal spectrum level was raised from 10 to 25 dB, but a further increase to 40 dB showed no additional improvement. At frequencies up to about 1.0 kHz, the variation of gap threshold with frequency matches well the reciprocal of the bandwidth of the auditory filter, as determined from masking experiments using a notched-noise masker. This suggests that the temporal response of the auditory filter may limit gap detection at low frequencies. PMID- 6619425 TI - Vibrotactile forward masking: evidence for channel independence. AB - Threshold shifts for the detection of vibrotactile test stimuli were determined as a function of the intensity of a masker. A 50-ms sinusoidal test stimulus was applied to the thenar eminence of the hand 25 ms after the termination of a 700 ms sinusoidal masker applied to the same site. The intensity of the masker was varied over a range of 0-44 dB SL. The frequency of the masker was either 15 or 250 Hz and the frequency of the test stimulus was either 15, 25, 100, or 250 Hz. The results support the hypothesis that the detection of vibrotactile stimuli is mediated by at least two receptor systems which do not mask each other. PMID- 6619426 TI - Effects of perilymph viscosity on low-frequency intracochlear pressures and the cochlear input impedance of the cat. AB - Cochlear model calculations are shown to be in reasonable agreement with recent low-frequency measurements of intracochlear pressures and the cochlear input impedance of the cat [V. Nedzelnitsky, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 68, 1676-1689 (1980); T. J. Lynch, III, V. Nedzelnitsky, and W. T. Peake, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 72, 108 130 (1982)]. Included in the cochlear model are perilymph viscosity, the measured variation of the area of the scala vestibuli with distance from the stapes [P. Dallos, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 48, 489-499 (1970)], and finite impedance of the round window membrane. The WKB approximation and its extension to the low frequency region is used in order to exhibit explicitly the dependence of the model results on the cochlear parameters. PMID- 6619427 TI - Representation of stop consonants in the discharge patterns of auditory-nerve fibers. AB - The representation of the speech syllables /da/ and /ba/ in populations of auditory-nerve fibers was studied. Post-stimulus-time histograms were computed from 20-ms segments of fiber spike trains occurring in response to the stimulus. Discrete Fourier transforms with a resolution of 50 Hz were computed from each histogram. As a measure of the response of the population of fibers to each harmonic of the 50-Hz resolution frequency of the transform, the magnitude of the response to that frequency was averaged across all fibers whose characteristic frequencies were within one-fourth octave of that harmonic. We have previously called this measure the average localized synchronized rate (ALSR). Response profiles for the 20-ms segments of the stimulus were generated by plotting the ALSR versus frequency. Time-varying spectral features of the /da/ and /ba/ stimuli are well preserved by such profiles. For example, the onset spectrum and formant transitions of the consonant-vowel syllable are well represented. Furthermore, the fine structure in the speech spectrum related to the pitch of the excitation source is maintained in these ALSR plots. Average discharge rate profiles were generated in a manner similar to that for the ALSR; in this case average rate replaces Fourier transform components as response measure. Such average rate profiles can represent the transitions of at least formants two and three. However, such average rate profiles do not represent the steady-state formants or the voice pitch. PMID- 6619428 TI - Comparison of high-performance liquid chromatography and anticholinesterase assay for measuring azinphos-methyl metabolism in vitro. PMID- 6619429 TI - Cyanogenesis of Passiflora edulis. PMID- 6619430 TI - Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) tannin level, phytate content, and hemagglutinating activity. PMID- 6619431 TI - Child, mother, and father evaluations of depression in psychiatric inpatient children. AB - The agreement among children and their parents in evaluating the children's depression was examined in 48 families. Newly admitted inpatient children (ages 6 13) and their mothers and fathers independently completed self-report and interview measures to assess severity and duration of the children's depression. The results indicated that different measures of depression completed by the same rater (child, mother, or father) were highly intercorrelated. Yet there was little or no relationship between child-mother and child-father ratings of the children's depression for the same or related measures of depression. Children independently diagnosed (DSM III) as depressed rated themselves and were rated by their parents as more depressed than nondepressed children. Even so, children consistently rated themselves as less depressed across the measures than did their parents. Parent ratings of the children's depression and the correspondence of child-parent ratings varied as a function of several child and family variables, including child IQ, gender, race, and family welfare status. PMID- 6619432 TI - Parental facilitation of children's preparatory play behavior in a stressful situation. AB - Parental behavior has often been cited as a crucial factor in children's ability to cope with stress. However, there has been little study of ways parents help their children adjust to stressful life events. In the present study, 34 parents and children (ages 4-9) were observed preparing for a stressful life event (elective surgery). Parents were asked to prepare their children for the upcoming stress and were given stress-related hospital equipment to use with their child. Specific hypotheses were selected to study the relationships of five parent helping behaviors to children's active preparatory play with stress-relevant materials. Children's preparatory play alone and with an examiner were also observed to test for effects of children on their parents' helping behavior. As expected, parent helping behaviors were significantly related to children's active preparatory play. With the exception of highly directive behavior, however, the relationship of parent helping behavior to child play was dependent on the child's age. This study suggests the importance of further investigating parental involvement in studying the process of children's coping with stress. PMID- 6619433 TI - The effects of stimulant drugs on curiosity behaviors of hyperactive boys. AB - The curiosity behaviors of 20 hyperactive boys, both on and off stimulant drugs, and in relation to 20 nonhyperactive boys, were assessed. Comparisons on object, manipulative, conceptual, perceptual, and reactive curiosity tasks indicated that stimulants reduced only the object curiosity task performance of hyperactive boys, although the level tended to remain above that of nonhyperactive boys. Also, hyperactive boys both on and off drugs tended to have lower conceptual curiosity scores than controls. Implications are discussed. PMID- 6619434 TI - Minor physical anomalies and obstetrical complications: their relationship to hyperactive, psychoneurotic, and normal children and their families. AB - Hyperactive, psychoneurotic, and normal control boys and their families were examined for minor physical anomalies (MPA). The results revealed that the hyperactive boys and their families had more MPA than the combined group of psychoneurotic and normal control children and their families. There were no differences in the mean number of MPA within families. Hyperactive probands also had more pre- and perinatal complications than the combined proband group. Furthermore, it was quite evident that the combination of numerous obstetrical complications and a high number of MPA significantly increased the probability of a child being diagnosed as hyperactive. The results are discussed in relation to the genetic transmission of MPA and the use of MPA as high risk indicators. PMID- 6619435 TI - A categorical analysis of the social attributions of learning-disabled children. AB - The social attributions of learning-disabled and control children with either similar or higher social acceptance ratings were assessed within an open-ended interview format. In addition, measures of social self-esteem and expectation of social success were obtained. The learning-disabled group used luck more frequently and personality interaction less frequently as explanations for social outcomes than did the other two groups. Learning-disabled children also had the lowest expectation of social success and, like the low acceptance group, had a poorer social self-image. Possible explanations for the development of these attributions and the implications for holding them were discussed. PMID- 6619436 TI - Training parents of hyperactive children in child management: a comparative outcome study. AB - Parents of 44 hyperactive children were assigned to either a behavior modification group (PAT), a communications group (PET), or a delayed-treatment control group. Parents in the treatment groups participated in 9-week training workshops. Parents and their children were assessed before and after the workshops on measures that included ratings of hyperactivity and severity of problems, a daily checklist of problem occurrence, parental attitudes, and direct observations in a laboratory situation. Both treatment methods were more effective than a no-treatment control condition in reducing hyperactivity ratings, problem severity ratings, and daily problem occurrence. Additionally, parents receiving behavior modification training rated their children as more improved than did PET parents, were more willing to recommend the program to a friend, felt the program was more applicable to them, and were less likely to drop out of the program. Nine-month follow-up assessments indicated that treatment parents continued to view their children's behavior more positively than did control group parents. Results are discussed with respect to the implications that an educational approach to teaching child management can be an effective means of reducing behavioral problems in children, that methods differing in theoretical background and actual skills taught may result in similar outcomes, and that a "psychological," as opposed to a medical, approach to the treatment of hyperactive children can have considerable merit. PMID- 6619437 TI - Family adjustment, parental attitudes, and social desirability. AB - This study examines the role of social desirability response set on the report of marital adjustment, child adjustment, and parenting attitudes. Results from 69 married couples closely replicate previous self-report findings suggesting that the more positive the report of marital adjustment, the fewer the number of child problem behaviors endorsed by parents (r = -.19(69), p less than .05). When social desirability is controlled, however, the marital-child adjustment relationship is nonsignificant. Previous reports of a global relationship between marital and child adjustment may have been inflated by individual differences in willingness to endorse problems on self-report measures. Parenting attitudes are not associated with social desirability or marital adjustment. Warmth, but not authoritarianism, is negatively correlated with child behavior problems in the home (r = -.25(69), p less than .01). The authors propose that family interaction research use a multimethod strategy to focus on circumscribed variables that influence marital and parenting behavior. PMID- 6619438 TI - Preschool teachers' ratings of behavioral problems: observational, sociometric, and social-cognitive correlates. AB - Behar and Stringfield (1974) have suggested that the Preschool Behavior Questionnaire (PBQ) is a reliable index of young children's social competence. However, there are few extant data in which teacher ratings of children on the PBQ have been correlated with independent assessments of social competence. In this study PBQ ratings of 123 preschoolers were correlated with observations of in-class social and cognitive play behaviors, sociometric status, and social problem-solving skills. Analyses indicated that children rated highly on the PBQ's Anxious-Fearful, Hostile-Aggressive, and Hyperactive-Distractible factors (a) displayed less mature and more aggressive in-class behaviors, (b) were less popular among their peers, and (c) were more likely to suggest negative affect strategies on the social problem-solving measure. Thus, the PBQ appears to be a useful instrument for identifying children with social problems. PMID- 6619439 TI - Some social contexts of self-destructive behavior. AB - This study investigated the social context of self-injurious behavior in autistic, schizophrenic, and mentally retarded children residing in a state hospital. Social interactions between subjects and staff were recorded along with subjects' self-destructive behavior. The results showed a substantial increase in self-destructive behavior following the staff's presentation of demands, denials, and punishments in 19 of the 20 subjects. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that self-injurious behavior is a social behavior, which is determined by persons in the environment. In addition, the self-destructive behavior of one subject may have been largely self-stimulatory in nature. PMID- 6619440 TI - Effects of reward on delayed reaction time task performance of hyperactive children. AB - This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of continuous, partial, and noncontingent schedules of reward, as well as the withdrawal of rewards, on the performance of hyperactive and normal control children on a delayed reaction time task. Although noncontingent reward resulted in faster reaction times for control subjects, performance of hyperactives deteriorated under noncontingent reward and improved when it was withdrawn. Also, reaction times of controls during extinction remained superior to baseline, whereas performance of hyperactives returned to baseline level. It was suggested that these and other findings reviewed point to an unusual sensitivity to rewards in hyperactive children. PMID- 6619441 TI - Effects of reinforcement on concept identification in hyperactive children. AB - The effects of continuous and partial reward on the performance of hyperactive and normal children on a concept identification task were compared. Because reduction in information feedback is usually associated with partial reward schedules, the study was designed to yield information regarding the contribution of reduced feedback to performance in the partial reward condition. Previous findings of a performance deficit in hyperactives under partial reward were replicated. The findings help rule out an information feedback explanation for this deficit. The authors suggest that a motivational factor involving the elicitation of frustration when expected rewards fail to appear may be responsible for the poor performance of hyperactives on the partial schedule. PMID- 6619442 TI - College students' attitudes toward shared responsibility in decisions about abortion: implications for counseling. PMID- 6619443 TI - Motivational factors affecting patient attrition in a weight reduction program. PMID- 6619444 TI - Gender preference toward providers of genital examinations and frequency of genital self-examination among college students. PMID- 6619445 TI - ENT and aquatics. PMID- 6619446 TI - DSM-III and the college mental health setting: the University of Massachusetts experience. PMID- 6619447 TI - Cigarette smoking among first-year medical students in Yugoslavia and their academic success. PMID- 6619448 TI - Brachial plexus stretch injury. PMID- 6619449 TI - Coping and living with herpes. PMID- 6619450 TI - Irritable bowel syndrome in the college population: pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and treatment. PMID- 6619451 TI - Students at St. Joseph's College: why they are survivors. PMID- 6619452 TI - Antibodies to purified bee venom proteins and peptides. II. A detailed study of changes in IgE and IgG antibodies to individual bee venom antigens. AB - Antibodies to individual bee venom antigens were studied in detail in nine bee sting-allergic patients who received venom immunotherapy without side effects, in two patients who failed to reach maintenance, and in two whose sensitivity returned. The study was confined to patients who had IgE antibodies to at least one of four purified bee venom antigens at the start of treatment. IgE and IgG antibodies to phospholipase A2 (PLA2), hyaluronidase (HYAL), and acid phosphatase (ACID P) and IgE antibodies to melittin (MEL) were measured, and changes in the antibody levels were followed during bee venom immunotherapy. Two contrasting patterns of antibody response were seen in the nine successfully treated patients. In five patients there was a rise in serum IgG antibodies to the same antigens as the IgE antibodies. In two patients' serum IgE antibody to HYAL or ACID P fell without a marked IgG antibody response to these antigens, although high levels of IgG antibody to PLA2 were present in both. Although the first pattern is consistent with a "blocking" role for IgG antibody, clearly the second is not. Not all patients can be conveniently divided into these two categories, and two patients did not show any significant change in either IgG or IgE antibody but were nevertheless able to tolerate the maintenance dose of 100 micrograms of venom. Two patients who failed to reach the maintenance dose of 100 micrograms because of their allergic reactions to the injections of venom were distinguished by (1) very high serum IgE antibody and (2) a low ratio of IgG/IgE antibody. Passive immunization with IgG antibody from a hyperimmune beekeeper was, however, protective in these patients, although it did not raise their overall serum IgG antibody level very much. We are unable to explain either the failure of conventional therapy or the beneficial effect of passive immunization in these two patients. Two bee sting--allergic beekeepers lost their sensitivity to stings, but later, when their sera contained IgE antibody to another bee venom antigen, they reacted to stings and inhalation of beehive dander. These data suggest that either falling IgE antibody or IgG- "blocking" antibody could be responsible for providing clinical protection to bee venom--allergic subjects. Renewed clinical sensitivity was observed when the IgE response was modulated, with patients making IgE antibody first to one antigen and then to another. PMID- 6619453 TI - Respiratory response to intraesophageal acid infusion in asthmatic children during sleep. AB - Nocturnal asthma has been associated with nighttime gastroesophageal reflux (GER). To establish whether the presence of acid in the lower esophagus causes bronchoconstriction, nine children with nocturnal asthma and GER underwent intraesophageal acid-infusion challenges during sleep. The patients were divided into two groups on the basis of presence or absence of a positive Bernstein test for esophagitis. The test was considered positive if acid infusion produced symptoms of heartburn. On two occasions, at approximately midnight and 4 to 5 A.M., 30 ml of normal saline was infused over 15 min into the distal esophagus followed by a similar infusion of 0.1N HCl. Respiration was continuously monitored by inductance plethysmography along with clinical evaluation. The saline and midnight acid infusions had no effect in either patient group; however, with the 4 to 5 A.M. acid infusion, all the patients with a positive Bernstein test developed significant changes in their respiratory pattern indicative of bronchoconstriction as well as overt clinical wheezing. In the patients with a negative Bernstein test, the 4 to 5 A.M. acid infusion had no effect. It is concluded that during sleep the presence of acid in the lower esophagus can trigger bronchoconstriction in asthmatic children with a positive Bernstein test and that these children appear to be more susceptible to the bronchoconstrictive effects of intraesophageal acid at 4 to 5 A.M. than at midnight. PMID- 6619455 TI - Linkages between administrative and clinical dietitians. PMID- 6619454 TI - Combined alveolitis and asthma due to hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), with demonstration of crossed respiratory and immunologic reactivities to diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). AB - A worker exposed intermittently to hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) developed episodes of dyspnea, wheezing, and fever on working days. Complete lung function tests performed when the subject was asymptomatic were normal except for increased airway responsiveness to histamine, which significantly improved after a 3 wk period off work. At that time, specific inhalation challenges with HDI were carried out. After being exposed for 5 min, the subject developed general malaise, cough, fever, and leukocytosis, together with a mixed restrictive and obstructive breathing defect. We demonstrated a subsequent increase in airway hyperexcitability, which lasted for 2 mo. The subject was also challenged with diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) for 15 min. A late obstructive reaction was documented. Increased levels of specific IgG antibodies against HDI-human serum albumin (HSA) and MDI-HSA were demonstrated. PMID- 6619456 TI - Perceptions of importance of management aspects of dietetic practice. AB - On an average, undergraduate dietetic majors tended to perceive management related tasks much the same as did dietetic practitioners, i.e., that such tasks were less important in dietetic practice. Not all dietetic practitioners had the same perceptions, i.e., administrative practitioners rated management-related tasks as much more important than did clinical nutrition practitioners. The sample of educators, on the other hand, perceived the management-related tasks as almost equal in importance to the clinical-nutrition-related tasks. No one rated the management tasks as unimportant, which is encouraging. There appears to be a strong base on which to build. The concern is that undergraduate majors and clinical practitioners, in particular, do not perceive the area of management as equally important to the profession. This failure is of particular concern if the growth of the profession is to be in management areas. These findings are supportive of an anecdotal point of view which has long pervaded the conversations of many dietitians; namely, that clinical nutrition practice is synonymous with dietetic practice. In a sense, it is not unusual that undergraduates also seem to feel this way--they obviously have many role models who do. If the dietetic profession is to increase the number of its members in management positions, attitudes about the importance of management and the acquiring of management skills must change. One can speculate on the possibility of role model learning of the CUP students in this sample.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6619457 TI - Slow cooker vs. oven preparation of meat loaves and chicken. AB - Meat loaves and chickens prepared by recommended methods for a slow electric cooker were not in the hazardous temperature zone long enough to allow appreciable growth of bacteria that might cause food-borne illness. Total plate counts were reduced to a greater extent than they were when meat loaves and chickens were prepared by conventional methods in a gas oven. Presumptive coliforms, C. perfringens, and coagulase positive staphylococci were not detected after either method of cooking. Other parameters of quality indicated that conventional methods of baking meat loaves and roasting chickens were superior to preparation in a slow electric cooker. Drip losses were significantly greater, as were total cooking losses (except for total losses for chickens in Experiment 2), when a slow electric cooker was used. All mean palatability scores except for interior color in meat loaves and tenderness in chickens were significantly higher after preparation in an oven. Significantly more thiamin was retained in oven-cooked meat loaves and chickens. PMID- 6619458 TI - Edible plate waste assessment in a university dining hall. AB - A method to measure and assess plate waste quantitatively in a university dining hall was developed and tested. Waste per person averaged 8.8 ox. per day, with total plate waste oer day estimated at 468 lb. Less waste occurred at breakfast than at the other two meals. One-fourth of all cooked vegetables served was wasted. The data also indicated that almost one-half of the total food waste was composed of beverage items. Mean cost of plate waste per person per day totaled +0.265. Impact of the cost of this plate waste on the total food budget was considerable, amounting to about +26,400 during the semester. Although reasons for plate waste were not determined as part of this study, examination of waste within or among food groups was informative, indicating where corrective measures could be targeted. Value of the study data can best be realized as a baseline for comparison with future studies. PMID- 6619459 TI - Establishing the need for nutrition education: I. Methodology. AB - Developmental and data collection phases for a comprehensive needs assessment project designed to provide baseline data for planning a statewide nutrition education and training project are summarized. To meet project objectives, 97 Kansas elementary schools were selected randomly as sampling units. A mail questionnaire was used to assess nutrition knowledge and attitudes and dietary and nutrition education practices of elementary teachers and food service personnel. Data from fifth grade students were collected on-site at each school. A written test was used to measure students' nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Students' nutritional status was partially assessed by measuring their height, weight, skinfold thickness, and upper arm circumference. As an additional assessment, 24-hour dietary recall interviews were conducted with a random sample of the students. In this article, each aspect of the data collection methodology is described in detail. As emphasized by authorities in the field, more complete information is needed in many nutrition survey reports to assist in useful interpretations and for comparisons among studies. PMID- 6619460 TI - Establishing the need for nutrition education: II. Elementary teachers' nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and practices. AB - Nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and practices and nutrition education practices of elementary teachers were assessed to provide data for planning a Kansas Nutrition Education and Training Program. Teachers from a random sample of elementary schools throughout the state were surveyed. The nutrition knowledge test scores of the teachers statewide or among the districts and schools did not differ significantly. Teachers who had completed one or more college or continuing education nutrition courses or who were teaching nutrition currently had higher scores on nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and practices and on nutrition education practices than did teachers who had no nutrition training or were not teaching the subject. In general, nutrition knowledge scores correlated positively with scores on nutrition-related attitudes and practices and on nutrition education practices. Kansas elementary teachers tended to have favorable attitudes toward nutrition. Almost all of the teachers indicated that nutrition should be taught in all elementary grades; however, few teachers taught nutrition concepts. Nutrition was integrated in science, health, and social studies more often than in other subjects. Teachers rarely or never used school food service personnel as resource people in the classroom or used the school cafeteria as a laboratory for instruction. However, in those schools with on premise food production facilities, teachers tended to work with the school food service personnel and use the cafeteria as a laboratory for instruction more frequently than did teachers in schools with only satellite service centers. Attending nutrition workshops during the school year and having access to more nutrition education materials were listed by teachers as the preferred ways to receive additional nutrition training.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6619461 TI - Percent retention of vitamin C in whipped potatoes after pre-service holding. AB - Pre-service holding is an important but neglected process step within the conventional food service systems. Dehydrated potatoes (50 one-half-cup servings) were reconstituted, mixed, transferred to a pan, covered, weighed, and placed into a pre-service holding unit for 60 min. at 82 degrees C (179 degrees F) with a 50% RH. Although temperature and time were constantly monitored, statistically significant differences were found for temperatures in both the product and the equipment . Samples of whipped potatoes analyzed for vitamin C were significantly different among the five trials of the experiment, but no differences were found among the three areas in the pan. The mean loss of 36.2% vitamin C under controlled conditions in the laboratory suggests that losses that occur under daily operating conditions in a food service can be much more severe. PMID- 6619462 TI - Neonatal nutrition training. PMID- 6619463 TI - Utilization of psychiatric consultation for elderly patients. AB - Six hundred fifty-one psychiatric consultations performed during a one-year period were reviewed retrospectively. Cognitive impairment was present in 54 per cent and depression in 27 per cent of the elderly patients in the population studied. A second study of the point prevalence of cognitive and emotional disorders in the hospital was carried out using the Mini-Mental State Exam and the General Health Questionnaire. Emotional disorders had similar prevalences in all age groups but cognitive disorders were more common in the elderly. Twenty one per cent of consultations were done on patients over the age of 60, although elderly patients occupied 28.5 per cent of hospital beds. Thus, elderly patients were less often referred for psychiatric consultation than younger patients, although the incidence of psychiatric disorders increases with age. PMID- 6619464 TI - Motivating the geriatric patient for rehabilitation. AB - Geriatric patients often appear unmotivated for rehabilitation, and "poor motivation" is frequently the reason given for excluding them from rehabilitation programs. However, these patients may actually be impeded by specific obstacles to the development of motivation. Appropriate intervention may enable them to make better use of rehabilitation opportunities. In this paper the authors review the concept of human motivation and what is known about aging and motivation. Specific age-related changes are examined and treatment interventions identified to maximize the patients' participation in rehabilitation toward improved functional ability. PMID- 6619466 TI - Hallucinations in patients admitted to a geriatric psychiatry service: review of 42 cases. AB - Although hallucinatory experiences may be relatively common among the elderly, isolated, and infirm, their frequency has been the subject of little research. Patient records of admissions to a 12-bed geriatric psychiatry service over three and a half years were reviewed for documented presence of hallucinatory symptoms. Hallucinations were documented in 15 per cent of the cases. Although acute and chronic brain syndromes and schizophrenic disorders were disproportionately represented in the hallucinating sample, affective disorders were also represented. A significant number of persons in this sample were single and had been living alone prior to admission and were described by family members or others as having "independent" or "reclusive" personality styles. In the majority of cases there was no history of psychiatric illness, and the individuals were distressed by the hallucinatory experiences. Symptom management is discussed in the context of factors that appear to affect occurrences and types of hallucinations and the responses to hallucinations in elderly patients. PMID- 6619465 TI - The frequency of physical signs usually attributed to meningeal irritation in elderly patients. AB - Nuchal rigidity, which may be a sign of meningitis, was found in 35 per cent of geriatric patients on acute-care and rehabilitation wards and in 13 per cent of younger patients on an acute-care ward. It was significantly associated with cerebrovascular disease, confusion, abnormal plantar responses, and primitive reflexes. Elderly patients who have nuchal rigidity with no history of neurologic or cognitive disorders should be investigated for meningitis. PMID- 6619467 TI - Vitamin D deficiency: a risk factor for osteomalacia in the aged. AB - Deficiency of vitamin D is rare in the general population of the North American continent because of the availability of sunlight, vitamin D-fortified milk, and over-the-counter preparations containing the vitamin. Yet there are among the aged those who are at risk of developing a deficiency of the vitamin because of lack of exposure to sunlight and failure to ingest milk or vitamin supplements containing vitamin D. Four cases of vitamin D-deficiency osteomalacia are described, demonstrating the various findings in the patient history and the physical, radiologic, and laboratory evaluation. In all cases physiologic doses of the vitamin corrected the abnormality quickly and fully. Vitamin D deficiency can be prevented prophylactically once the gerontologist is alert to the fact that some elderly people, who are easily identifiable by history alone, are likely to develop such deficiencies. PMID- 6619469 TI - The drop attack: a common geriatric symptom. AB - While the "drop attack" has been described in the British literature as a classic geriatric syndrome accounting for as many as one-quarter of all falls in their elderly population, it is rarely acknowledged in discussions of falls by physicians in the United States. Is the drop attack a distinct entity that has been overlooked and under-investigated in this country, or is it perhaps a symptom of a spectrum of diseases? This paper reviews the original descriptions of the drop attack for its characteristic features, and focuses on the epidemiology, etiology and clinical management of this common, but infrequently recognized, event. PMID- 6619468 TI - An evaluation of the reliability and validity of the Functional Assessment Inventory. AB - The reliability of the Functional Assessment Inventory (FAI) was evaluated using a sample of VA domiciliary and nursing home patients. The interobserver and interrater reliability coefficients of the summary rating scales, based on a single assessment, tended to be higher than their test-retest reliability coefficients, based on two independent assessments separated by a modal four-week interval. Validity coefficients, using the OARS instrument ratings as criteria, also based on two independent assessments several weeks apart, were, on the average, as high as the test-retest reliability coefficients. More specifically, the mental health, physical health, and activities of daily living rating scales, along with the objectively scored Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire and Short Psychiatric Evaluation Schedule, tended to yield relatively similar scores with repeated measurement, while the social resources and economic resources scales were somewhat less stable, a discrepancy possibly explained by the homogeneous nature of the social and economic status of most of the patients (institutionalized veterans). Thus the reliability and validity of the FAI are satisfactory, but the stability of some of its scales requires further investigation. PMID- 6619470 TI - The medical evaluation and management of the elderly surgical patient. AB - Contrary to earlier findings, elderly patients are not at significantly greater risk of perioperative morbidity or mortality than younger patients simply because of advanced age. Increased risk, when present, is attributable to pathologic changes that are not uniformly seen in all geriatric patients. Most perioperative morbidity is caused by cardiovascular and pulmonary complications. The author discusses an appropriate preoperative evaluation and recommends selective ancillary tests to screen for high-risk patients. PMID- 6619471 TI - High-calorie liquid nutrients and hyperkalemia. PMID- 6619472 TI - Pairing rational and demented patients in long-term care facilities. PMID- 6619473 TI - The properties of lenses used for the correction of aphakia. AB - There is a wide variety of aphakic lenses available but remarkably little quantitative data to assist the optometrist in his choice of product. This paper presents the results of a survey of nearly all the available lens types. Quantitative data is given for the products of those manufacturers who cooperated. Data covers off axis acuity, magnification, distortion, thickness, weight and ultraviolet protection. PMID- 6619474 TI - Intraocular lenses: an update. AB - The use of intraocular lenses has been rapidly increasing in recent years. Improved designs and newer surgical techniques have reduced already low complication rates making implantation of an intraocular lens the procedure of choice for both patients and practitioners. Trends in lens design and a review of the most recent literature is offered for the practitioner. PMID- 6619475 TI - Aphakia: perceptual and refractive problems of spectacle correction. AB - The perceptual variations due to removal of the crystalline lens and the employment of powerful plus spectacle lenses are described. These include refractive change, distortion, magnification, limitation of the visual field, peripheral vision, sensitivity of light and changes in the required convergence. The technique for satisfactory refraction of the aphakic eye is discussed and the elements leading to error such as vertex distance and pantoscopic tilt are considered. Other factors necessary for understanding the refraction such as the apparent accommodative range and the limitations affecting field charting are also covered. Method of securing binocularity via contact lens-spectacle combinations for monocular cases, and the need for rehabilitative procedures conclude this treatment. PMID- 6619476 TI - Lens design factors of aphakic gas permeable lenses. AB - Information on factors related to the design of aphakic gas permeable hard lenses is provided in this report. Effects of lens thickness, anterior optic flange radius, and junction zone are discussed in relation to lens performance and oxygen availability. Based on this information, guidelines for lens selection are given. PMID- 6619477 TI - Unusual correction of post-traumatic aphakia. PMID- 6619478 TI - The low vision aphakic patient. AB - This paper gives a comprehensive overview of the care of the low vision aphakic patient. Included is a discussion of the psychological considerations in dealing with this patient, the examination procedures, a summary of the categories of low vision aids available, lighting considerations, accessory aids, training and follow-up care, and the use of outside agencies for referral. PMID- 6619479 TI - Clinical management of aphakic antimetropia: contact lens overcorrection. PMID- 6619480 TI - A clinical comparison of mydriatics. AB - Clinicians use various topical agents for mydriasis in evaluation of the retina and its periphery. This paper shows the use of two mydriatic methods for this procedure--a combination of one drop 1% tropicamide (Mydriacyl) and the drop 1% hydroxyamphetamine hydrobromide (Paredrine) in comparison with the regimen of two drops 1% tropicamide (Mydriacyl) separated by five minutes. The degree of dilation, the resistance to intense comparable binocular indirect ophthalmoscope (BIO) illumination and the time recovery from these agents were evaluated in an optometric clinical setting. The same degree of mydriasis was demonstrated at the p greater than 0.01 level with these two regimens. The two regimens appear to be clinically similar for cycloplegic and mydriatic recovery time. PMID- 6619482 TI - A method of evaluating eye-hand coordination and visual reaction time in athletes. AB - The author has developed an innovative method of determining athletic proficiency using the factors of eye-hand coordination, visual preaction and visual reaction time. PMID- 6619481 TI - Microcomputer produced anaglyphs for evaluation and therapy of binocular anomalies. AB - An Atari 800 microprocessor with a color television monitor was used to produce red-green anaglyphs. These computer produced anaglyphs allow for rapid manipulation of vergence stimuli which allow the doctor greater control in diagnosis and therapy of binocular anomalies. Additionally, computer controlled stimuli allow for animation, and delivery of reinforcing aspects. The present paper describes a system in use. PMID- 6619483 TI - A three step method of the determination of fixation status and retinal correspondence. AB - In examination and treatment of patients with strabismus one often encounters abnormal sensory adaptations such as eccentric fixation and anomalous retinal correspondence. Prognosis and treatment of strabismus are dependent on the presence or absence of these conditions. When eccentric fixation is present it becomes difficult to interpret the results of many tests used to determine retinal correspondence. This determination is further complicated when the patient is unable to give accurate responses. A technique utilizing visuoscopy and an afterimage has been performed on somewhat less cooperative patients. The results compare favorably to amblyoscopic measurements of the angle of anomaly. PMID- 6619484 TI - High corneal astigmatism in the adult Navajo population. AB - Corneal astigmatism was measured in 176 unselected Navajo patients over the age of 45 years old. The result was a 4% incidence of with-the-rule astigmatism of two diopters or more in at least one eye. Conjectures on a reason for the small incidence of high corneal astigmatism in the adult Navajo population as compared to the large incidence that occurs in Navajo children is discussed. PMID- 6619486 TI - Remodeling or designing an optometric office. PMID- 6619485 TI - Professional marketing for optometry. AB - Most optometrists are unfamiliar with the concepts of marketing. Yet to be successful in today's highly competitive health care environment, some marketing efforts may be needed. The four key elements of successful marketing are reviewed and related to professional optometric practice applications. Understanding what the public wants and needs in vision care is a key to developing an effective professional marketing program. Various strategies for retaining and attracting patients are discussed. PMID- 6619487 TI - Serving the many needs of the doctor of optometry. PMID- 6619488 TI - Eye care in China. PMID- 6619489 TI - Hansen's disease and its pedal manifestations. PMID- 6619490 TI - Symptomatic flatfoot. Etiology and diagnosis. PMID- 6619491 TI - Ankle valgus. Its relationship to rearfoot instability. PMID- 6619492 TI - Hypercoagulopathy secondary to nephrotic syndrome. A podiatric case report. PMID- 6619493 TI - Disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma in male homosexuals. PMID- 6619494 TI - Shrapnel-induced traumatic arthritis. A case report. PMID- 6619496 TI - The plaster-synthetic cast. PMID- 6619495 TI - Malignant hyperthermia. A review and case report. PMID- 6619497 TI - Mutagenic effects of aqueous extracts of Symphytum officinale L. and of its alkaloidal fractions. AB - Symphytum officinale L. (Boraginaceae) is a medicinal plant widely used in therapy. It roots, described in the Polish Pharmacopoeia as Radix symphyti, are recommended as expectorants, especially for children. Aqueous solutions of three alkaloid fractions obtained from infusions of Symphytum officinale L. root were tested for their antimitotic and mutagenic activity in meristematic cells of the lateral roots of Vicia faba L., var minor. Lasiocarpine, a proven carcinogen, served as a positive control. Mutagenic effects were induced by lasiocarpine, by the alkaloidal fraction I and by diluted infusions from Radix symphyti. Fraction III had only antimitotic effect. The biological activity of the tested solutions is discussed in relation to the relevant literature. PMID- 6619498 TI - Susceptibility of lipids to mercurials. AB - Affinity of mercury compounds to various phospholipids and fatty acids were examined. Inorganic mercury showed a higher affinity to lipids containing unsaturated fatty acids than to those composed of saturated fatty acids. This suggests that inorganic mercury may easily act on the double bonds of fatty acid residues in phospholipids which are major components of the biomembrane. On the other hand, methylmercury was almost inert to these lipids regardless of the presence or absence of unsaturated bonds. PMID- 6619499 TI - The possibility of food contamination with cadmium by means of coloured plastics. AB - By using spectrophotometric atomic absorption, the release of cadmium from some plastic materials (polyethylenes, PVC, polystyrene) used for manufacturing containers, wraps and household objects (which are coloured with pigments derived from cadmium compounds) was studied. Subchronic experiments (45 days) were carried out in white Wistar rats with extracts from cadmium-containing plastic in comparison with the pigment alone. The excreted cadmium in urine and the activity of some serum enzymes were determined. Histopathological changes of the main internal organs were observed. It was found that some pigments of the Papion type have the property of releasing cadmium in amounts exceeding the admitted sanitary levels, amounts which proved to be toxic, producing enzymic and histopathological changes in kidneys and testes. PMID- 6619500 TI - Increased urinary excretion of selenium among workers exposed to elemental mercury vapor. AB - The content of selenium and mercury in urine was measured in 28 male workers exposed to Hg0 and in 21 unexposed male controls. The first group excreted significantly more selenium into urine as compared with the control group. No significant correlation between mercury and selenium excretion was found. PMID- 6619501 TI - Percutaneous absorption of an antimicrobial organosilicon quarternary ammonium chloride in rabbits. AB - The percutaneous absorption of an organosilicon quaternary ammonium chloride (14C)-3-(trimethoxysilyl)-propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride (14C-Si-QAC) was studied in rabbits. Aqueous solution of 14C-Si-QAC was either applied to the intact, clipped back of animals for 10 days or administered by a single intravenous dose. Urine and feces were collected at 24-h intervals and tissue concentration of radioactivity was determined at the end of the 10-day study period. Elimination of 14C-Si-QAC after parenteral administration was slow and occurred by both urine and feces (13.5% in urine and 20% in feces). No radioactivity was found in the urine of dermally treated animals. Tissue concentrations of 14C were highest in the liver, lung and kidneys after i.v. administration. None was detected in tissues of dermally treated animals. The results showed that the absorption of 14C-Si-QAC through the skin of the rabbit was essentially zero. The potential absorption hazard of the use of this antimicrobial agent in contact with the skin is therefore considered to be insignificant. PMID- 6619502 TI - Pharmacokinetics of Alcide, a germicidal compound in rat. AB - Alcide is a germicidal compound which is currently being used as a liquid sterilizer. This agent has the ability to kill a wide range of bacteria, viruses and fungi in vitro within 1 min. The active ingredients in this sterilizer are sodium chlorite and lactic acid. The kinetics of 36Cl-labelled liquid Alcide were studied in rats. After oral administration, the peak plasma level was obtained in 8 h. The half life for 36Cl absorption from plasma was 8.03 h, corresponding to a rate constant of 0.086 h-1, while the half life for 36Cl elimination from plasma was 48.02 h, corresponding to a rate constant of 0.014 h-1. At 144 h, radioactivity was highest in plasma followed by lung, kidney, skin, bone marrow, stomach, ovary, duodenum, ileum, spleen, fat, brain, liver and carcass. The greatest amount of activity in whole blood was present in plasma. Subcellular distribution revealed that 85% of the activity in the liver homogenate resided in the cytosol. Seventy per cent of total activity in plasma was located in the trichloroacetic acid (TCA) supernant, with 30% bound to the precipitated protein fraction. Urinary excretion accounted for most of the 36Cl eliminated. Radioactivity was excreted as chloride and chlorite in urine. PMID- 6619503 TI - Carbon monoxide-induced brain injury: neurochemical studies after single and repeated exposures. AB - Biochemical effects of a single and once-repeated exposure to carbon monoxide (0.2% CO, 30 min) were studied in mouse brain. The effect of the severity of the first exposure on the brain reaction to the second exposure (0.2% CO, 30 min) was also studied after exposure to four different CO doses (0.2% CO for 0, 2 or 5 h, and 0.3% CO for 2 h). 1. The DNA content of brain decreased after single and once repeated CO exposures. The effect of the second exposure was greater than that of the first. 2. The changes in the glycosphingolipid synthesis of brain were measured as the specific rate of precursor incorporation into the two isolated galactolipid fractions, i.e., cerebrosides and gangliosides following a 2-h pulse labelling with 3H-galactose in vivo. The synthesis of cerebrosides was substantially inhibited for a short period after the first and the second exposures. A late compensatory over-recovery of synthesis was found only after the second exposure. The rate of galactose incorporation into gangliosides was not immediately depressed after CO exposure, but otherwise the changes were similar to those of cerebrosides. 3. The protein, phospholipid and cerebroside contents of brain were also affected in parallel fashion with the changes of DNA content. The content of gangliosides was increased after the first, but not after the second exposure. The enhanced reaction of brain to the second CO poisoning suggests the existence of sublethal brain cell injury which is produced by the first CO exposure and manifested by altered reactions to the second exposure. PMID- 6619504 TI - Quantitative determination of monosubstituted guanidines: a comparative study of different procedures. AB - Analysis of N2-acyl arginine derivatives as well as of arginine analogs lacking in alpha-amino function by Weber's modification of the Sakaguchi procedure yielded colored complexes with absorbance values approximately twice that obtained with an equivalent concentration of unmodified arginine. The limitations concerning the applicability of the various modifications of the Sakaguchi procedure as well as of the fluorimetric assay to the quantitative estimation of a variety of monosubstituted guanidines and proteins are discussed. PMID- 6619505 TI - Fluorographic detection of tritium-labelled proteins in immunoelectropherograms with the water-soluble fluor, sodium salicylate. AB - A method is described for detecting by fluorography tritium-labelled proteins in immunoelectropherograms performed on agarose gels. The technique is based on the impregnation of immunoplates with sodium salicylate immediately after electrophoresis without the formation of a mixed agarose--polyacrylamide gel prior to processing the immunoelectropherograms for fluorography. Sodium salicylate, an inexpensive and water-soluble compound, has been found to serve as a satisfactory fluor for enhanced detection of radioactivity in agarose gels. PMID- 6619506 TI - Formation of asymmetrical planar lipid bilayer membranes from characterized monolayers. AB - A device allowing the formation of lipid bilayers by apposition of characterized monolayers has been designed and constructed. It is essentially composed of two solid Teflon Langmuir troughs, pressed along one another. The troughs are both equipped with a movable barrier for the compression of the monolayers and a float type torsion balance for the detection of the surface pressures. The lipid bilayers are formed across a tiny hole (0.225 mm diameter) punched through a polymer film clamped in between the two troughs and are characterized by their electrical properties (specific resistance and capacitance). Experimental results have been obtained on asymmetrical membranes of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine formed from monolayers and from lipid films many molecular dimensions in thickness. Two polymer supports, Teflon and polypropylene, were used and coated with either squalene or petroleum jelly. The results show that the stability of the bilayer, particularly when formed from monolayers, is a direct function of the interactions of the lipids with the coated support. The most stable membranes are obtained when Teflon is used as support and squalene as coating. The most important advantage of the technique presented here is found when the bilayers are formed from mixtures of components deposited at the interface. Indeed, our system allows a characterization of the miscibility of the components in the monolayers prior to form the membrane, as opposed to a complete ignorance of the molecular organization when the bilayers are formed by apposing lipid films. PMID- 6619507 TI - A single column method to measure hydrogen--tritium exchange by gel chromatography. AB - Employment of a commercially integrated gel chromatography system together with the utilization of cross-linked polyacrylamide as the chromatographic medium simplifies the methodology of hydrogen--tritium exchange measurements. The system described allows the execution of hydrogen--tritium exchange measurements with as little as 0.5 mg protein per time point and with only a single pass of sample through the column for out-exchange times of less than 1 min to at least 24 h. The accuracy and precision of this system are comparable to those of existing methodologies. PMID- 6619508 TI - Stopped-flow solution scattering using synchrotron radiation: apparatus, data collection and data analysis. AB - We have constructed an experimental system, under remote control, for stopped flow X-ray scattering using synchrotron radiation. It has been used, in conjunction with an annular detector and its associated electronics, to obtain good scattering curves, with time-slices as short as 200 ms, in a new study of the dissociation of the enzyme complex aspartate transcarbamylase. The data have been analysed by new statistical methods, and they agree well with the results from parallel chemical quench experiments. For studying dissociation reactions, stopped-flow X-ray scattering is a quite practical method, which need not use very much more material than conventional stopped-flow experiments. PMID- 6619509 TI - Analysis of the components present in kinetics (or titration) curves. PMID- 6619510 TI - Hydrogen exchange studies of proteins: recent advances in medium and high resolution methods. PMID- 6619511 TI - Aortic baroreceptor reflex pathway: a functional mapping using [3H]2-deoxyglucose autoradiography in the rat. AB - The organization of pathways within the central nervous system which are activated by aortic baroreceptor input was studied in the urethane anesthetized rat using the 2-deoxyglucose method. [3H]2-deoxyglucose was administered i.v. while either the aortic nerve was electrically stimulated or aortic baroreceptors were physiologically activated by pulse increases in arterial pressure in animals with bilateral denervation of the carotid sinus. Autoradiographs of transverse sections of the central nervous system were developed and analyzed for changes in metabolic activity in discrete regions compared to control animals, as indicated by the density of the photographic emulsion. Electrical stimulation of the aortic nerve resulted in all animals in an increase in the uptake of deoxyglucose in a number of sites throughout the central nervous system, primarily ipsilateral to the site of stimulation. In the brainstem, structures previously implicated in cardiovascular reflexes were labeled. These included the nucleus of the solitary tract, the solitary tract, the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, and the nucleus ambiguus. In addition, the inferior olivary nucleus, the parabrachial nuclei and the ventrolateral reticular formation showed increased labeling. In the hypothalamus, increased labeling was observed only in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei. PMID- 6619512 TI - Pharmacological analysis of the responses of the feline urethra to autonomic nerve stimulation. AB - The effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve stimulation on resistance to flow in the proximal urethra was examined in male, chloralose-anesthetized cats. Hypogastric (sympathetic) nerve stimulation increased urethral resistance, an effect that was blocked by the alpha-adrenergic antagonist prazosin (0.1 mg/kg), reduced 50% by ganglionic blockade with hexamethonium (0.4 to 0.6 mg/min) and potentiated by the beta-adrenergic antagonist sotalol (5 mg/kg). In the presence of phenylephrine-induced constrictions of the urethra, hypogastric nerve stimulation decreased resistance by a sotalol-sensitive, hexamethonium-resistant mechanism. The results imply that sympathetic stimulation can either raise or lower urethral resistance under different conditions, and that the organization of the nerves mediating the two types of response differs. Because pelvic nerve stimulation produced small and inconsistent responses, the parasympathetic input was instead activated by sacral ventral root stimulation. Sacral stimulation produced an atropine-sensitive constriction when basal urethral resistance was low, and dilatation when resistance was high. The latter response was reduced by atropine, but was resistant to sotalol. However, the decrease in resistance produced by acetylcholine in the presence of PE was not reduced by atropine, implying that acetylcholine-induced dilatation of the urethra is not due to activation of muscarinic receptors on smooth muscle. It is hypothesized that parasympathetic dilatation of the urethra may be mediated by a non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic inhibitory transmitter released from post-ganglionic neurons. A muscarinic mechanism may be involved in this response either to potentiate the action of the unknown transmitter or to facilitate the ganglionic excitation of these neurons. Parasympathetic constrictor responses can be attributed to activation of postganglionic cholinergic neurons. PMID- 6619514 TI - Lauge-Hansen classification: a clockwork injury. AB - The purpose of this article is to present the Lauge-Hansen classification of ankle injuries, in a simplified system according to clockwork function. By familiarization with this classification system, one will gain an invaluable tool in evaluating and treating ankle injuries. PMID- 6619513 TI - Afferent connections to cardiovascular sites in the amygdala: a horseradish peroxidase study in the cat. AB - To investigate afferent connections to nuclei of the amygdala that have been shown electrophysiologically to receive inputs from baro- and chemoreceptors, small discrete deposits of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were placed in the region of the central and lateral nuclei of the amygdala in cats. HRP deposits localized to the medial central nucleus of the amygdala labeled neurons in the ipsilateral hypothalamus, primarily in the paraventricular and ventromedial nuclei. In addition, the parabrachial nuclei and the locus coeruleus were observed to project to the region of the central nucleus. After HRP deposits in the medial portion of the lateral nucleus of the amygdala only a few labeled neurons were found scattered throughout the ipsilateral hypothalamus. In addition thalamic and cortical projections shown by previous investigators were confirmed. This study has demonstrated that in the cat several areas in the hypothalamus and brain stem project to the medial portions of the central and lateral nuclei of the amygdala suggesting that these areas may be relay stations for baro- and chemoreceptor information projecting to the amygdala. PMID- 6619515 TI - Spontaneous rupture of the posterior tibial tendon secondary to chronic nonspecific tenosynovitis. AB - Presented is a case history of complete rupture of the posterior tibial tendon and its subsequent surgical repair. Treatment included tendon repair followed by physical therapy and orthotic devices. Nine months after repair the patient was experiencing considerably reduced symptomatology but demonstrated significant posterior tibial muscle weakness and moderate subtalar joint pronation with forefoot abduction, with the deformity appearing to progress. This may indicate the need for additional surgical procedures to halt progression and lessen the chance of persistent pronation deformity. PMID- 6619516 TI - Pseudorheumatoid nodules in an adult. AB - The finding of soft tissue lesions that present as rheumatoid nodules in a patient with no history or symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis or rheumatic fever sets the stage for a variety of differential diagnoses. One of the diagnoses that must be considered is the pseudorheumatoid nodule, which is rarely found in the adult. This article deals with one such case. A review of the literature is discussed along with a description of the remaining diagnoses from which it is distinguished. In this particular case, the patient presented lesions typifying those of rheumatoid nodules with the absence of any constitutional symptoms. Follow-up to date shows no signs of rheumatoid arthritis, although the literature does suggest the possibility that these lesions may be the precursor of the disease. PMID- 6619517 TI - Treatment of fractures of the fifth metatarsal bone. AB - Fractures of the fifth metatarsal are fairly frequent. Articles and texts offer conflicting advice concerning treatment and prognosis of these fractures. By proper classification of these fractures and understanding of the mechanism of injury, a criterion can be established for the prognosis and treatment. PMID- 6619518 TI - Chronic osteomyelitis associated with monofilament wire fixation. AB - Infections following osteotomy and internal fixation must be treated aggressively. The plan of treatment should include the following: 1) continued immobilization of the part during healing, 2) removal of any internal fixation device after the osteotomy site is stable, 3) debridement of necrotic debris, and 4) use of an appropriate antibiotic over a sufficient time period (including a few weeks after removal of an internal fixation device). A report was made of a case of chronic osteomyelitis that may have resulted from undertreatment of a postoperative infection. PMID- 6619519 TI - The use of Kirschner wire fixation in forefoot surgery. AB - This article reviews the indication and use of Kirschner wire fixation in forefoot surgery. Although Kirschner wire fixation is a relatively easy means of fixation, it is not without complications. The operative technique and postoperative considerations are also included to assist the foot surgeon. PMID- 6619520 TI - Malignant melanoma of the foot. AB - This discussion and case presentation demonstrate the importance of proper diagnostic procedures when a suspect lesion presents. Biopsy and examination by a pathologist in the field of malignant melanoma revealed an immediate definitive diagnosis. Any delay of such measures will increase the chance of metastasis and the degree of necessary surgical excision. PMID- 6619521 TI - Calcaneal heel spurs: etiology, treatment, and a new surgical approach. AB - The primary symptom of heel spurs is pain in the plantar surface of the heel. The authors illustrate a new approach to heel surgery--a plantar midline incision, which permits good exposure so the surgeon can visualize the soft tissue masses and eliminates postoperative paresthesias. PMID- 6619522 TI - One approach to a viable method of obtaining cancellous bone for grafting. AB - When cancellous bone for grafting cannot be obtained from conventional sources such as bone banks, the iliac crest, or the tibia, the author uses two alternative sources for obtaining wafer thin portions of bone: 1) the hypertrophied medial head of the first metatarsal and 2) the lateral base of the fifth metatarsal. PMID- 6619523 TI - Implants for lesser toes. AB - The use of a double-stemmed hinged implant in conjunction with an arthroplasty has been found to be advantageous for the correction of hammertoes of the lesser digits. Active toe mobility has been obtained and no bone reactions have occurred from the use of implants. PMID- 6619524 TI - Osteomyelitis of an epiphyseal region. AB - This case report involves the medical and surgical treatment of osteomyelitis of an epiphyseal region. No bone resection was performed. Rather, the patient was given a closed drainage system after incision and drainage of the affected part. Intravenous antibiotics singularly and in synergistic combination were provided throughout the 32-day hospital stay. The outcome showed that although there was early closure of the epiphyseal plate, a minimum of damage to the joint was evident after treatment. Although surgery appears to be the historical treatment of choice in osteomyelitis, conservative management of selected cases without resection of bone is a viable alternative. PMID- 6619525 TI - Exertional anterior compartment syndrome with fascial hernias. AB - The case histories of two patients with exertional anterior compartment syndrome and fascial hernias are presented. Surgical treatment in the form of fasciotomy with limited skin incision is demonstrated. PMID- 6619526 TI - Effects of trypan blue on thyroid secretion: localization of trypan blue within the colloid space and phagolysosomes of thyroid follicles. AB - Trypan blue was previously shown to directly inhibit thyroid secretion following TSH stimulation. Inhibition of both colloid droplet formation and thyroglobulin proteolysis was demonstrated. By observing the characteristic bright red fluorescence of the dye-protein complex, we have demonstrated that trypan blue rapidly enters the colloid space and combines with thyroglobulin. In addition, the dye in association with thyroglobulin has been demonstrated within phagosomes and phagolysosomes by centrifugation of the lysosomal (P15) fraction on both sucrose and Percoll density gradients. Lability or latency of the dye with the phagolysosomal contents was demonstrated and the dye was found in association with thyroglobulin by column chromatography. It is proposed that the complexing of trypan blue to thyroglobulin alters its attachment to specific follicular cell receptors, inhibits pinocytosis, and, thus, thyroid hormone secretion. PMID- 6619527 TI - Characterization of luteal function by measuring the cumulative concentration of serum progesterone and urine pregnanediol-3 alpha-monoglucuronide. AB - The corpus luteum function of healthy, fertile women was established by measuring the serum progesterone and the early-morning urine pregnanediol-3 alpha monoglucuronide levels during the ovulation cycles. Integration of the results led to a parameter, the luteal index (Ll), which represents the overall hormone production that characterizes the luteal function quantitatively much better than the criteria used so far. The average of the integrated hormone concentrations (Ll) for progesterone and pregnanediol were 451.4 nmol/l X time and 151.3 mumol/l X time respectively. Statistical analyses show that values of luteal index below 348.9 nmol/l X time progesterone and 134.5 mumol/l X time pregnanediol can be regarded, with very high probability, as symptomatic of luteal dysfunction. The course of the production of both progesterone and pregnanediol is characterized. The importance of these parameters in functional infertility is discussed. PMID- 6619528 TI - Nutrition and iodine versus genetic factors in endemic goiter. AB - Consanguinity has been considered to be the major factor responsible for the high incidence of goiter in the area of Las Hurdes in Spain. However, iodine deficiency was later found to be severe enough to account for endemic goiter, and the presence of cretins in this area. Children from very similar family and socioeconomic backgrounds were found to be on three different nutritional programs, depending on the schools they were attending, and it appeared of interest to determine the effect of nutrition on the goiter incidence in children from the same population. Total iodine, nitrogen and creatinine concentrations were measured in casual urine samples. All three were found to change in parallel in the different subpopulations. They were low in schoolchildren receiving most of their meals at home. Such meals were composed of locally grown food. They were normal in children living in a boarding school, where all of the food is provided from outside the area. They were intermediate in children from a day care center, who received only some meals from an outside source. In the boarding school, goiter incidence was 21%, as opposed to 87% for schoolchildren fed at home. Such results indicate that in this area consanguinity plays a minor role, if any, in the high incidence of goiter. PMID- 6619529 TI - Metabolism of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol by human bone. PMID- 6619530 TI - Successful treatment of hyperthyroidism due to nonneoplastic pituitary TSH hypersecretion with 3,5,3'-triiodothyroacetic acid (TRIAC). PMID- 6619531 TI - The cold-induced TSH secretion is resistant to alterations in the physicochemical properties of the intracerebral infusions. AB - The purpose of the present study was to see how different methodological factors affect TSH secretion in male rats. The cold-induced TSH secretion was rather resistant to variations in the volume, pH and osmolality of solutions infused bilaterally into the anterior hypothalamus or into the 3rd ventricle of the rat brain. Only rather high pH (11.30) and osmolality (870 mosmol/kg) significantly inhibited the TSH cold-response. A short term immobilization (sham-infusion) or ether anaesthesia did not cause any significant alterations in TSH secretion. It is concluded that the cold-induced TSH secretion is not easily affected by nonspecific methodological factors. PMID- 6619532 TI - It's time to fund physician shortage programs by abandoning unrestricted state subsidies to medical schools. AB - Last fiscal year, New York State spent more than $135 million to subsidize medical education. More than 95 percent of these funds were used to defray the general operating costs of the state's nine private and four public medical schools. Only $7 million was spent directly to support physician shortage and minority recruitment programs. This article argues that unrestricted subsidies are inequitable, wasteful, unnecessary, and inflationary; therefore they should be abandoned, in favor of programs that contribute directly to the supply of primary care physicians in medically underserved areas. PMID- 6619533 TI - Monitoring and assessment in maternal and child health: recommendations for action at the state level. AB - Recent administration-sponsored changes in federal health policy and funding may harbor adverse effects for the health of mothers and children, and for the capabilities of state-level programs to serve them appropriately. Careful monitoring is required to assess the nature, extent, and impact of those changes. This paper examines several monitoring efforts in maternal and child health and recommends additional action at the state level to meet urgent information requirements. PMID- 6619534 TI - Governmental responsibility for victims of atomic testing: a chronicle of the politics of compensation. AB - Since 1945 the U.S. government has conducted extensive atomic testing for purposes of protecting the national security and developing industrial uses of nuclear power. Newly available information indicates that many citizens were unwittingly harmed by exposure to radioactive fallout from this testing. The victims are pressuring the government to accept liability for its actions and offer compensation for the damages. To date, however, their efforts have been largely unsuccessful. This article analyzes the politics of the atomic compensation movement, from its beginnings through the 97th Congress. It concludes that, barring the enactment of specific legislation, atomic victims stand little chance of gaining financial compensation or moral satisfaction. PMID- 6619535 TI - Certificate-of-need in an antitrust context. AB - Recent cases such as National Gerimedical Hospital and Gerontology Center v. Blue Cross of Kansas City have found that certificate-of-need (CON) legislation did not intend to remove antitrust considerations. This note discusses the exemptions from antitrust provided by the state action doctrine of Parker v. Brown as well as the Noerr-Pennington doctrine, both of which appear to protect provider input into the CON process. Providing information that assists decision-making must be carefully distinguished from providing data that serve the interests of physicians and hospitals. PMID- 6619536 TI - The new Israeli health care reform: an analysis of a national need. AB - This paper describes the current situation of health care services in Israel. Major problems are discussed and analyzed in terms of the dualism of the main health organizations (the Ministry of Health and the General Sickness Fund), the multiplicity and discontinuity of health care delivery, quality-of-care problems, and the uneven geographical distribution of facilities. A proposal for a reform of the health care system is outlined, and its principles enumerated. This reform, suggested by the Ministry of Health, reflects a new approach of separating the direct provision of care from the executive functions of planning and control of services. The Ministry's proposal is analyzed, and its implications are discussed in relation to the American health care system. PMID- 6619537 TI - Autoradiographic investigation of estrogen binding in cultured rat ovarian surface epithelial cells. AB - Autoradiographic evidence presented that the cultured rat ovarian surface epithelium exhibits estrogen receptor-like activity. Two autoradiographic techniques were used; one involved live cells that were labeled and freeze-dried, and the other the labeling of ethanol-fixed cells. Autoradiograms were prepared by dipping cells grown on plastic cover slips in liquid nuclear track emulsion. Exposure times were 1 to 4 weeks. Experiments using a pulse-chase technique in live cells and steroid competition tests in fixed and live cells gave evidence for translocation of tritiated estradiol from cytoplasm to nucleus in live cells and for a component of estrogen-specific binding in live and fixed cells. The techniques presented here for the investigation of estrogen receptors in cultured cells require little tissue, are simple, and relatively quick. Reports based on biochemical analyses of tissue homogenates claim the presence of estrogen receptors in human ovarian carcinomas of surface epithelial origin and in rat ovarian surface epithelium. The results of this study add further evidence that the ovarian surface epithelium has estrogen receptor activity and should be considered an estrogen target tissue. PMID- 6619539 TI - Localization of plasma proteins in hepatocytes. PMID- 6619538 TI - Method for analysis of cellular DNA content of paraffin-embedded pathological material using flow cytometry. AB - A method has been developed that allows flow cytometry to be used for measuring the cellular DNA content of paraffin-embedded human tumors. Thick (i.e., 30 micron) sections were cut from tissue blocks using a microtome and dewaxed in xylene. The sections were then rehydrated by sequentially immersing them in 100, 95, 70, and 50% ethanol before finally washing in distilled water. Single cell suspensions were then prepared by incubation in 0.5% pepsin, pH 1.5, at 37 degrees C for 30 min. The cells were counted, washed, and stained with 1 microgram/ml 4',6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole for 30 min, and DNA content was measured using an ICP 22 flow cytometer. There was a good correlation between the DNA histograms produced using this method and those obtained using unfixed tissue from the same tumor stained with ethidium bromide plus mithramycin. This method allows the retrospective study of archival material where the clinical outcome is already known, and it should, therefore, be particularly useful for determining the prognostic significance of abnormal DNA content measured by flow cytometry. PMID- 6619540 TI - In vivo protection against Leishmania mexicana mediated by monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6619541 TI - The influence of methotrexate and thymidine on the human natural killer cell function in vitro. PMID- 6619542 TI - Transport of immune complexes from the subcapsular sinus to lymph node follicles on the surface of nonphagocytic cells, including cells with dendritic morphology. AB - The objective of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of antigen migration from the site of initial localization in the lymph node subcapsular sinus (SS) to regions of follicular retention in the cortex. The migration of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), used as a histochemically identifiable antigen, was followed by light and electron microscopy in C3H mouse popliteal lymph nodes obtained 1, 5, 15, and 30 min, and 5 and 24 hr after hindfoot pad injection of HRP. The observations showed that as early as 1 min after HRP injection, localization of antigen occurred at distinct sites in the SS and subjacent areas of the cortex on the afferent side. At these sites, between 1 min and 24 hr, the antigen formed light microscopically identifiable trails, which reached progressively deeper into the cortex with time toward individual follicular regions. By 24 hr this apparent migration of antigen was complete, and HRP was localized in follicles. This migration pattern did not occur on the efferent sides of lymph nodes, and it was dependent on the systemic presence of specific antibodies since it was observable only in passively immunized but not in nonimmune mice. Temporary retention of antigen by typical macrophages was also observed in the SS on the efferent side. This was minimal in nonimmune mice and was significantly enhanced in passively immunized mice. Electron microscopy indicated that the apparent migration of immune complexes was mediated by a group of cells observed in the migration path that had immune complexes sequestered on their surface or in plasma membrane infoldings. These antigen transporting cells (ATC) were relatively large nonphagocytic cells, with lobated or irregular euchromatic nuclei and cell processes of various complexity. ATC observed in or near the SS appeared to be less differentiated, were monocyte-like, and resembled non-Birbeck granule-containing Langerhans cell precursors or veiled cells. Others, located deeper in the cortex, appeared more differentiated, interdigitated with antigen-retaining dendritic cells, and shared morphologic characteristics with follicular dendritic cells (FDC). The results support the concepts that immune complexes are trapped in the SS and are transported by a group of non-phagocytic cells, other than lymphocytes, to follicular regions. The mechanism of transport may involve the migration of ATC with a concomitant maturation into FDC, or by a mechanism of ATC to FDC transport utilizing dendritic cell processes and membrane fluidity, or by a combination of the two mechanisms. PMID- 6619543 TI - Human granulocyte surface molecules identified by murine monoclonal antibodies. AB - We have investigated the nature of the antigens recognized by four classes of mouse anti-human monoclonal antibodies that characteristically reacted with neutrophilic granulocytes and their precursor cells, but not with monocytes or other normal hemopoietic cells. The antigenic targets of the majority (9/12) of the independently isolated monoclonal antibodies were present on two surface glycoproteins (Mr 145,000 and 105,000) and glycolipids. This antigen(s) was also detected on granulocyte precursor cells, including the bone marrow granulocyte/monocyte progenitor cells (CFU-GM). The same antigen(s) detected by these monoclonal antibodies was also present in non-hemopoietic cell lines (colon carcinoma and neuroblastoma). Three other antigens, defined by monoclonal antibodies AHN-8, L12.2, and L13.1 and present on granulocytes and their mid-late precursor cells, could not be identified as proteins but were detected in a protein-free glycolipid extract of these cells. The diversity of the antigens was confirmed by cross-competition experiments and by the identification of their different patterns of reactivity with cell lines and bone marrow cells. PMID- 6619544 TI - A circular antibody-antigen complex is responsible for increased affinity shown by mixtures of monoclonal antibodies to human chorionic gonadotropin. AB - Mixtures of some pairs of monoclonal antibodies that have separate epitopes on the beta-subunit of hCG have increased affinity for the hormone relative to that of either antibody alone. A mathematical model developed to explain the phenomenon predicted that a circular tetrameric complex composed of each antibody and two molecules of hCG was responsible for the effect. This structure has now been identified experimentally by the following criteria: 1) the m.w. of the complex observed by electrophoresis (370,000 g/mol) and gel filtration (440,000 g/mol) was in agreement with the m.w. expected for a tetramer composed of two molecules of antibody and two molecules of hCG (i.e., 376,000 g/mol); 2) the ratio of individual antibodies to hCG measured with the use of 131I and 125I labeled antibodies and/or hCG was 1:1:2; and 3) the complex failed to adhere to affinity columns containing either antibodies or hCG covalently coupled to Sepharose. These columns adsorbed B101, B102, hCG, and mixtures of B101 plus hCG or B102 plus hCG. The observations made with the affinity resins are compatible with a circular model for antigen-antibody complex in which the epitopes of the antigen and the binding site of the antibodies were mutually and completely obscured. Although not studied in detail, a similar complex was formed when the beta-subunit of hCG was substituted for the intact hormone. In addition, a mixture of antibodies that bound to the alpha- and beta-subunits of hCG (i.e., A102 and B102) and that had a higher affinity for the hormone than either antibody also gave rise to a similar species that could be detected after electrophoresis. A pair of antibodies that bind to separate epitopes on the beta subunit (i.e., B101 and B103) and do not show enhanced affinity for hCG failed to form a stable complex that could be identified as a separate species after electrophoresis. Thus, the studies reported here confirm earlier theoretical predictions linking the increase in affinity observed on mixing monoclonal antibodies to the formation of a circular complex. PMID- 6619545 TI - Further characterization of cooperative interactions of monoclonal antibodies. AB - We reported previously that mixtures of some monoclonal antibodies directed against the glycoprotein hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) had a higher affinity for the antigen than either monoclonal antibody separately. The synergistic interaction could no longer be detected when one of the antibodies was replaced with its F(ab) fragment. This cooperative interaction has now been further characterized. One-half of 10 possible pairs prepared from five IgG1 monoclonal antibodies against hCG result in a synergistic interaction. The addition of an IgG2b monoclonal antibody to one of the IgG1 monoclonal antibodies also induces a cooperative interaction, which shows that the effect is not subclass restricted. Cooperative interactions between antibodies are also not restricted to solution conditions; adsorption of one antibody to a solid support appears to increase the cooperative effect. Indeed, one pair of antibodies that failed to bind hCG synergistically in solution did so when one antibody was bound to a solid surface. The liquid phase antibody also has an effect on the specificity of the solid phase antibody. The sensitivity of the solid phase assay system has enabled us to develop a rapid method of determining if two monoclonal antibodies can bind to an antigen simultaneously. A quantitative theoretical model has been devised that successfully predicts the cooperative behavior observed between antibodies and should be useful in devising conditions that result in sensitive solid phase radioimmunoassays. PMID- 6619546 TI - Differential survival of Leishmania donovani amastigotes in human monocytes. AB - Leishmania donovani is an important intracellular protozoal pathogen of man; it is found solely within macrophages in its amastigote stage in humans, and exists in its extracellular, flagellated promastigote stage in the sandfly, its arthropod vector. To determine if either stage of L. donovani was capable of surviving within monocytes--the oxidatively active precursors of tissue macrophages--interactions of the parasite with human monocytes were studied in vitro. Amastigotes and promastigotes were ingested to a comparable degree by monocytes; whereas 79% of promastigotes were killed within 48 hr, however, amastigotes survived and multiplied threefold over 5 days. Promastigotes, which have been shown to be sensitive to hydrogen peroxide-peroxidase-halide microbicidal mechanisms, elicited a phagocytic oxidative burst that was 49% of the response to serum-opsonized zymosan, as assessed by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence. NBT was reduced to formazan in 71% of monocytes exposed to promastigotes. The death of promastigotes within monocytes could be attributed at least in part to oxidative microbicidal mechanisms because there was no significant decrease in the number of cell-associated parasites in monocytes from donors with chronic granulomatous disease of childhood. In contrast to promastigotes, amastigotes survived within monocytes, despite eliciting an oxidative response that was 27% of the response produced by serum-opsonized zymosan; this response was not significantly different from that produced by promastigotes. In a phagocyte-free system, amastigotes were found to be sevenfold more resistant than were promastigotes to the lethal effects of hydrogen peroxide. The survival of L. donovani in human monocytes is thus dependent on the parasite stage; promastigotes are ingested, they elicit an oxidative burst, and the majority are killed by oxidative microbicidal mechanisms, whereas amastigotes are ingested and survive to parasitize human monocytes successfully, despite eliciting a phagocytic oxidative burst. PMID- 6619547 TI - Excretory-secretory products of Giardia lamblia. AB - The surface of Giardia lamblia strain WB was radioiodinated with either 1,3,4,6 tetrachloro-3 alpha, 6 alpha-diphenylglycoluril (IODOGEN) or lactoperoxidase, and the labeled membrane components as well as the released excretory-secretory (E-S) products were identified. The surface of G. lamblia was easily labeled, and G. lamblia excretory-secretory (E-S) products were identified in the medium. Over 70% of the label on the cell surface was released over 24 hr. The major E-S product released was polydisperse (m.w. 225 to 94,000), protease VI and periodate sensitive, chloroform-methanol insoluble, and failed to adhere to a series of carbohydrate-binding lectins or to diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose. Hydrophobicity was suggested by adherence to phenyl-Sepharose. The major E-S product of another G. lamblia isolate, Portland-1 (P-1), was antigenically different. A previous study showed that strain P-1 lacked a major antigenic component of strain WB. In the present study, this material was identified as the major secretory product of WB by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 6619548 TI - Tumor-associated macrophages of mouse mammary tumors. I. Differential cytotoxicity of macrophages from metastatic and nonmetastatic tumors. AB - Macrophages were isolated from a series of transplanted mouse mammary tumors, originally derived from a single spontaneously arising tumor, to determine whether macrophage content or function correlated with any of a wide range of tumor properties. None of the tumor cell lines differed significantly in susceptibility to killing by MVE-2-activated peritoneal macrophages (cytotoxicity ranged from 40 to 63%). No significant differences were observed in macrophage content among the five tumor lines, nor was there any correlation between macrophage content and tumor weight, time since transplantation, or ability to metastasize. A significant association was observed, however, between a tumor's ability to metastasize to lung spontaneously and the tumoricidal activity of that tumor's infiltrating macrophages. Significant tumoricidal activity was seen when macrophages isolated from every metastatic tumor studied were used, whereas macrophage-mediated tumoricidal activity was observed in only 35% (6 of 17) of nonmetastatic tumors. Macrophage cytotoxicity was associated with spontaneous metastasis and not with lung colony formation per se. PMID- 6619549 TI - Estimation of the equilibrium constant for an antibody using data derived from an antiserum dilution curve. AB - An equation is derived from the Law of Mass Action which enables the equilibrium constant of an antibody to be calculated directly from data obtained from an antiserum dilution curve. A graphical solution is obtained and examples using theoretically derived and experimental data are given. PMID- 6619550 TI - Comparison of highly NK active human lymphocyte subsets separated by various procedures involving E, EA rosetting, density gradients and adherence to immune complexes. AB - Lymphocyte subsets from human blood obtained by different procedures were analyzed for cytotoxic potential and phenotypic characteristics. Nylon wool column passed lymphocytes were fractionated on the basis of: (1) E and Fc gamma receptor expression, (2) cell density and Fc gamma receptor expression, (3) Fc gamma receptor expression. The cytotoxic subsets obtained by separation on the basis of E and EA rosetting differed in their phenotypic composition from those separated on the basis of density or on immune complex monolayers. The E- Fc gamma- population contained few LGL and OKM1 positive cells. The E- Fc gamma+ population was made up almost entirely of LGL and OKM1 positive cells. The low density population was highly enriched in LGLs; among these the Fc gamma- cells were OKT3 positive. In contrast to the E- population the low dense Fc gamma+ cells were mainly LGLs and were OKM1 positive. Fc gamma+ subsets had less killer activity against Daudi cells. The choice of procedure for obtaining a strongly cytotoxic population depends on the needs of particular experiments. Separation on the basis of E rosetting gave lower cell (62%) and cytotoxic (43%) recovery and required about twice the amount of blood and twice the time, as compared with the other 2 procedures. The cell fractions obtained this way allowed characterization of several phenotypically different active populations and showed a difference in cytotoxic potential against K562 and Daudi cells. Density fractionation isolated a highly cytotoxic subset with LGL morphology but this population was still heterogeneous phenotypically. With regard to enrichment of NK activity, the immune complex monolayer attachment method was the most efficient for total cell recovery and for the time taken to perform it. PMID- 6619551 TI - Antibody-dependent lymphocyte-mediated granulocytotoxicity (ADLG) for the detection of granulocyte antibodies. AB - An antibody-dependent cell-mediated granulocytotoxic assay (ADLG) has been developed to detect antibodies to human granulocytes. This study examines some possible variables in this assay, the ADLG activity in serum from normal individuals, the contribution of ABO isohemagglutinins and the sensitivity and specificity of this technique. Significant differences in percentage cytotoxicity of ABO compatible and incompatible cell/serum combinations were detected in the normal population. Human serum with antibodies to the neutrophil specific antigens NA1 and NB1 gave positive results in the ADLG assay. However, differences in sensitivity and specificity were observed among various sera. ADLG activity was dependent on the source of effector cells. Effector and target cells stored in vitro were unsatisfactory in this assay. The ADLG assay may be a valuable addition to existing granulocyte serological methods and provide useful clinical information on mechanisms of immune neutropenias. PMID- 6619553 TI - Microassay for colorimetric estimation of complement activity in guinea pig, human and mouse serum. AB - A sensitive colorimetric microassay for determining haemolytic complement activity was devised. It is carried out in U-welled microtitre dishes covered with plastic tape, which are incubated in a waterbath and subsequently centrifuged. The supernatant is transferred to flat-bottomed microtitre dishes and haemolysis is estimated by automatic measuring of the absorption using an interference filter of 405 nm in a Titertek Multiskan. Advantages of the method described are saving time and materials, and avoiding the use of radioactive nuclides. This microassay may therefore be a useful substitute for macro and semi micro tests for colorimetric determination of serum complement activity and for microassays based on the release of a radio-isotope. PMID- 6619552 TI - Radioimmunoassays for protein A of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Radioimmunoassays have been developed that can detect nanogram amounts of protein A (SpA), a product generated by Staphylococcus aureus that binds selectively to the Fc region of IgG from most mammalian species. Competition assays for fluid phase SpA utilize antibodies produced in chickens, 125I-labeled SpA as the tracer molecule, and either F(ab')2 fragments of rabbit IgG anti-chicken IgG or 40% ammonium sulfate as the precipitating agent to separate antigen-antibody complexes from free antigen. The double antibody assay could be carried out in serum from species that form only soluble complexes with SpA (e.g., rabbit), that react poorly with SpA (e.g., rat), or under appropriate conditions in serum from species (e.g., dog) that show high reactivity with SpA and form precipitating complexes. Chicken antibodies prepared by affinity chromatography on SpA Sepharose and labeled with 125I were used in a direct binding assay for SpA present either on the cell wall of Cowan strain I or Wood 46 bacteria, in insoluble complexes prepared from SpA and whole serum or purified IgG, or in Clq binding complexes that were formed by passage of serum from normal or tumor bearing humans or dogs over SpA-collodion charcoal. Since both types of assays could detect SpA even in the presence of serum or IgG, they offer advantages over other techniques in which the SpA-Fc interaction may interfere. PMID- 6619554 TI - Repeated skin tests in guinea pigs with fluorescein visualization. AB - A method is presented for immediate hypersensitivity skin testing of guinea pigs using fluorescein as a contrast medium. The method allows repeated skin tests of individual animals. Results are compared with those obtained using Evans blue dye, which leaves animals unsuitable for later skin testing. The two methods give very similar direct skin test results. PMID- 6619555 TI - IgG and IgA heavy chain allotypes in Type 1 diabetes. AB - IgG and IgA heavy chain allotypes were determined in the sera of 483 Caucasian Type 1 diabetes patients and 503 Caucasian healthy controls. There was no significant difference between patients and controls neither on the level of Gm phenotype frequencies nor on the level of Gm three-locus and two-locus haplotype frequencies. A selective IgA deficiency was found in 14 patients (2.9%) but in none of the control individuals (P less than 10(-4]. PMID- 6619556 TI - Latent immunoglobulin G (Gm) allotypes: occurrence in the cerebrospinal fluid in some neuropathological states. AB - Gm allotypes were detected and quantitated by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in paired serum and CSF samples from patients suffering from various neurological diseases. Of 115 patients with neurological disorders (65 MS and 50 others), seven subjects displayed one or two allotypes in their CSF which were absent in serum. The Gm phenotype in the patient's serum allowed us to infer the genotype without the need of familial data. A comparison of the regression curves obtained in RIA from the unexpected allotype in CSF and the counterpart in a normal serum pool argued for an identity of the Gm antigen carried by both inhibitory molecules. The unexpected allotype(s) in CSF can be considered as the product of a latent Gm gene which may be activated by either immune perturbations due to the disease per se or some particular immune regulations in the central nervous system. PMID- 6619557 TI - The incidence of Gm and Km allotypes in a group of Bretons, the Bigoudens. AB - Immunoglobulin allotypes were studied in a peculiar Breton community, the Bigoudens. Results showed that the incidence of the common Gm and Km phenotypes fell into the ranges quoted for Caucasian populations, except for the Gm1;..;5,10,11,13,14 and Gm1,2;..;5,10,11,13,14. The frequencies were found to be significantly different from those of non-Bigouden Breton neighbouring controls. PMID- 6619558 TI - Hepatobiliary imaging. PMID- 6619559 TI - Diuresis after hemodialysis associated with ultrafiltration in congestive cardiac failure. Therapeutic use in resistant cardiac failure with conventional therapy. PMID- 6619560 TI - Arachidonic acid and leukotrienes in dermatology. PMID- 6619561 TI - Evidence supporting a role for immune complex-mediated inflammation in the pathogenesis of bullous lesions of systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Evidence supporting an immune complex pathogenesis of bullous lesions in systemic lupus erythematosus includes immune deposits, acute inflammation, and blister formation at the cutaneous basement membrane zone. Since cutaneous immune deposits are a general feature of lupus, an attempt has been made to determine whether deposits in lupus patients with blisters are functionally different from those in patients without blisters. Skin was obtained from 4 consecutive patients with blisters and 14 controls. The groups were matched for clinical and serologic features, duration and activity of disease, and treatment. Skin was examined by direct immunofluorescence for immune deposits and by the leukocyte attachment assay for quantification of complement-activating immune complexes. Clinically normal, viable skin from 1 patient with blisters and 1 patient without blisters was incubated in organ culture with normal human leukocytes and serum complement. All patients in both groups had immune deposits at the basement membrane zone with an equivalent incidence of the major Ig classes. Deposits in patients with blisters were slightly more intense and a linear pattern of fluorescence seen in 75% of these patients was not seen in controls. The leukocyte attachment assay showed significantly greater (p less than .02) cell attachment in patients with blisters (mean = 167) than in patients without blisters (mean = 64) and greater cell attachment in peribullous than normal skin from the same patient. Organ culture showed complement-dependent migration of leukocytes and histologic features similar to those in spontaneous lesions in skin from the patient with blisters but not in skin from the patient without blisters. These results provide evidence supporting immune complex and complement-dependent inflammation in the pathogenesis of bullous lesions in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6619562 TI - The relationship between 8-methoxypsoralen skin and blood levels. AB - A method is described to determine the 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) concentration in vivo in the skin by means of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Skin and blood samples were taken from 80 rats at specific intervals after oral administration of [3H]8-MOP. The pharmacokinetic results obtained for the skin levels were compared to the blood levels. In addition, liquid scintillation counting (LSC) was done on all the samples to compare the concentrations of 8-MOP plus metabolites to the concentrations of 8-MOP alone. There was a good correlation between the 8-MOP skin and blood levels. The values obtained with LSC were higher in function of time than the corresponding values obtained by HPLC, which indicates the presence of metabolites in both the skin and the blood. No statistically significant difference in the time of peaking was noted for the skin and blood levels. The blood levels seem to be a good parameter for the 8-MOP skin concentration. PMID- 6619563 TI - The effect of temperature and other factors on selective microvascular damage caused by pulsed dye laser. AB - Brief pulses of 577-nm radiation have recently been shown to selectively damage superficial cutaneous blood vessels, resulting clinically in purpura. There was a sharp threshold of exposure dose necessary for causing purpura in any given subject, which correlated with histologic evidence of extravasation and specific vascular injury. As a means of studying mechanisms for such damage, heat, cold, pressure, suction, UV radiation, and intradermal epinephrine were used to alter human cutaneous microvasculature prior to and during 577-nm pulsed dye laser exposures. When compared with control sites, only cooling of the skin significantly affected the exposure dose needed to cause purpura. The magnitude of this effect is quantitatively most consistent with intravascular microvaporization as the cause of vessel rupture and hence purpura. PMID- 6619564 TI - Latent period and antigenicity of murine tumors induced in C3H mice by short wavelength ultraviolet radiation. AB - Skin tumors were induced in C3H/HeNCr1BR mice with chronic short-wavelength ultraviolet (UVC) irradiation using a germicidal lamp (254 nm). Fifty percent of mice had developed tumors by 9 1/2 months (range 8-12 months). With progressive irradiation, mice developed multiple tumors on the back reaching a mean of 2.9 tumors/mouse at 11 1/2 months. No tumors developed on the ears. Of 83 lesions examined histologically 66 (80%) were squamous cell carcinomas, 6 (7%) were fibrosarcomas, and 10 (12%) were proliferative squamous lesions without evident invasion. Twenty-two squamous cell carcinomas were transplanted s.c. into normal syngeneic mice and into mice immunosuppressed by adult thymectomy, lethal x irradiation, and bone marrow or neonatal liver reconstitution. Transplantation of squamous cell carcinomas was successful in a total of 17/22 (77%) cases. Only 11/22 (50%) tumors grew progressively in normal mice. Six of 22 (27%) tumors grew progressively in immunosuppressed mice but not normal syngeneic recipients. Three fibrosarcomas were also transplanted. All 3 grew progressively in immunosuppressed hosts but failed to grow in normal syngeneic recipients. Two fibrosarcomas that were induced by a germicidal lamp were found to grow significantly better in UVB-irradiated (280-320 nm) mice than in normal mice. Conversely, a UVB-induced fibrosarcoma showed enhanced growth in UVC-irradiated mice compared to growth in normal, age-matched controls. PMID- 6619565 TI - Coal tar phototoxicity: kinetics and exposure parameters. AB - We examined two manifestations of coal tar phototoxicity: delayed erythema and skin pain (tar smarts) by quantifying the amount (dose) of UVA and exposure conditions required to induce these phenomena in normal human skin. The minimal UVA dose required to induce delayed erythema (minimal phototoxic dose or MPD) and the minimal UVA dose required to induce an immediate smarting reaction (minimal smarting dose or MSD) were recorded in 32 subjects in a variety of settings. A log-log dose-response model described the relation between the interval of time tar was left on the skin and lowering of MPD. We examined 4 different methods of tar removal and showed that several methods using more than water alone were equally effective--judging by resultant phototoxicity. The time between tar removal and UVA irradiation is important. Even 30 min was sufficient for the MPD to increase from 3.77 +/- 1.55 to 6.1 +/- 4.0 J/cm2 (p less than 0.02). The smarting reaction shows a similar dependence on the time interval between tar removal and exposure. The mean MSD was less than the mean MPD at all times tested. Both manifestations of coal tar phototoxicity, reduced delayed erythema threshold and susceptibility to the smarting reaction, persisted at least 30 h after tar removal. PMID- 6619566 TI - Characterization of the glucocorticoid receptor in human skin. AB - Because of the profound importance glucocorticoids have in dermatologic therapy, we studied the glucocorticoid receptor in human skin. A cytosol fraction was prepared from frozen skin by homogenization and centrifugation. When reacted with [3H]dexamethasone, this cytosol contained saturable, low-capacity binding. The glucocorticoid binding was stabilized by a protease inhibitor, phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride, and by sodium molybdate and was destroyed by trypsin. Sedimentation analysis of the glucocorticoid binding protein showed an 8S to 4S transition in high salt, a property of many known steroid hormone receptors. The binding was steroid specific, supporting the conclusion that this binding protein was a glucocorticoid receptor. The receptor molecule had a frictional ratio of 1.60 and a Mr of about 226,000 under low-salt conditions (0.05 M KCl) and a frictional ratio of 1.86 and a Mr of about 100,000 under high salt conditions (0.3 M KCl) consistent with a nonglobular, elongated molecule. Isoelectric focusing showed that the receptor had 2 molecular species with isoelectric points of approximately 5.8 and 7.5. Quantitation of receptor in human skin showed 4-7 times more receptors in the epidermis and papillary dermis than in the lower dermis and nearly equal numbers in epidermis and papillary dermis. The concentration of receptors varied in different anatomic areas, with male foreskin showing the highest concentration, followed by female face, breast, and abdominal skin. Interestingly, the concentration of glucocorticoid receptors also varied with age; the highest levels were present at the extremes of life and a significantly lower level at midlife. PMID- 6619567 TI - Localization of de novo sterologenesis in mammalian skin. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that the skin is an important site of de novo sterol synthesis and that there is a sex difference in cutaneous sterologenesis with male animals synthesizing more sterols than females. The aim of the present study was to localize the major sites of sterol synthesis within the skin and to determine which of these sites accounted for the sex differences in sterologenesis. In male and female rats whose dermal and epidermal layers are separated by dithiothreitol treatment, the dermis is the major site of skin sterologenesis (males 86% of total, females 82% of total). Moreover, the sex difference in skin sterol synthesis is quantitatively localized primarily within the dermal layer (approximately 2.5-fold greater in the dermis of males). Sterol synthesis is also increased in the epidermis of males. To rule out the possibility that sebaceous gland production accounted for our observations, we treated animals with isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid), a drug that suppresses sebaceous gland sebum production. Sterol synthesis in the skin of both male and female rats is not significantly altered by isotretinoin administration and the sex difference in skin sterologenesis is unaffected. To further localize the sites of sterol synthesis within the skin, studies of hairless mice whose skin was split by DTT were initiated. In hairless mice, DTT separates the epidermis into upper (stratum corneum and granulosum) and lower (basal and spinous cells) strata. The basal layer was separated from the dermis by gentle scraping. As in rats, the dermis is the chief site of sterol synthesis in the skin. In addition, the lower layer of the epidermis (basal and spinous cells) is also a very active site of sterologenesis, accounting for 20% of total skin nonsaponifiable lipid synthesis. The upper epidermis accounted for only a small portion of total skin synthesis. It is highly likely that the bulk of cutaneous sterol synthesis occurs in the pilosebaceous epithelium. PMID- 6619568 TI - Studies on the role of reactive oxygen species in mediating lipid peroxide formation in epidermal microsomes of rat skin. AB - The role of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and singlet oxygen in mediating nonenzymic and NADPH-supported enzymic lipid peroxidation in skin microsomes was investigated. Incubation of skin microsomes with NADPH and/or Fe+3-ADP or ascorbate resulted in the formation of lipid peroxides. The epidermis was the major target site for microsomal lipid peroxide formation in skin. Enzymic peroxidation of epidermal microsomes required NADPH and was oxygen-dependent. Addition of the nonenzymic catalysts, Fe+3 and ADP, to the enzymic peroxidation system had an additive effect on the generation of lipid peroxide in epidermal microsomes. Epidermal microsomal lipid peroxidation was inhibited by singlet oxygen quenchers such as dimethylfuran, histidine, and beta-carotene. Hydroxyl ion scavengers such as mannitol, benzoate, or ethyl alcohol and the enzymic scavenger of superoxide, superoxide dismutase, were all ineffective in this respect. Addition of EDTA, Mn+2, cytochrome c+3, and catalase to the NADPH supported enzymic peroxidation system resulted in strong inhibition of lipid peroxide formation in skin. Glutathione or epidermal cytosol added alone or in combination to the NADPH-supported incubation system enhanced peroxidation of microsomal lipids. Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) inhibited lipid peroxidation. These results indicate that singlet oxygen may mediate lipid peroxide formation in epidermal microsomes. PMID- 6619569 TI - A role for collagen phagocytosis by fibroblasts in scar remodeling: an ultrastructural stereologic study. AB - A role for collagen phagocytosis and intracellular degradation by fibroblasts during remodeling activity has been suggested by studies on several connective tissues characterized by high rates of collagen turnover and remodeling. The possible importance of such activity in the normal remodeling of scar tissue has been studied by a quantitative ultrastructural stereologic measure of collagen phagocytosis by fibroblasts at various post-wounding intervals in mouse skin scars. The results demonstrate a correlation between the peak periods of such phagocytic activity and the interval during which collagen fiber reorientation across the scar appears to take place. PMID- 6619570 TI - Age-related changes in the cutaneous basal lamina: scanning electron microscopic study. AB - Scanning electron microscopy of human epidermal-dermal basal lamina demonstrated striking age-related changes. The basal lamina from abdominal skin was exposed in specimens from 26 humans by separation of epidermis and dermis after treatment with sodium bromide solutions. Transmission electron micrographs demonstrated the split to be in the lamina lucida. Scanning electron microscopy of mature epidermal-dermal junction and basal lamina showed distinct dermal valleys; tall, dome-shaped dermal papillae; and basal lamina arranged in prominent corrugations that tended to be oriented vertically on papillae and irregularly on interpapillary zones. Skin from subjects in their 7th through 10th decades demonstrated progressive loss of dermal valleys, flattening and widening of dermal papillae, and loss of basal lamina corrugations. PMID- 6619571 TI - Immunopathology of psoriasis. PMID- 6619572 TI - Attachment of plasma membrane vesicles of human macrophages to Leishmania tropica promastigotes. AB - Intracellular parasitism of host macrophages is the pathologic hallmark of leishmaniasis. Since the organisms are found almost exclusively in this type of cell, the possibility that specific macrophage plasma-membrane determinants mediate the attachment to promastigotes of Leishmania tropica was investigated. Plasma membrane vesicles were prepared from human monocytes/macrophages and erythrocytes, radioiodinated, and incubated with L tropica promastigotes, erythrocytes, or Sephadex beads. Macrophage plasma-membrane vesicles bound to promastigotes to a significant extent but did not bind to intact erythrocytes or to an inert particle. In contrast, erythrocyte membrane vesicles did not bind to promastigotes. The binding of macrophage plasma-membrane vesicles to promastigotes demonstrated the characteristics of a receptor-ligand interaction in terms of specificity, saturability, competitive inhibition, and temperature independence. These results suggest the presence of one or more intrinsic binding sites on the macrophage plasma membrane to which promastigotes can attach. If this is the case, therapeutic intervention by strategies that inhibit attachment of this obligate intracellular parasite to its target host cell may be possible. PMID- 6619573 TI - Immunologic responses of children to serious infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - Antibody responses (as measured by radioimmunoassay), alterations in serum levels of complement, and the presence of circulating immune complexes (as measured by the fluid-phase C1Q-binding assay, the fluid-phase conglutinin assay, and the activation of C1 were evaluated in 15 children after meningitis and/or bacteremia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. The ages of the children ranged from two months to 16 years; the duration of follow-up ranged from 18 to 189 days (mean, 78 days). Increases in levels of homotypic antibody were found in only three (25%) of the 12 children in whom this response could be assessed, and all of these responses were transient. Eight (53%) of the 15 children had evidence of a heterotypic antibody response to S pneumoniae serotypes other than those causing their infections. The activation of C1 and C1q-binding activity were detected at the early stage of disease and were generally transient. The result of the fluid phase conglutinin assay was positive for 14 (93%) of the 15 children later in the course of disease; this result was consistently positive throughout the follow-up period in the majority of children. Depressed concentrations of C4 were noted in nine children, depressed levels of C3 in four, and depressed levels of factor B in two. PMID- 6619574 TI - Low-molecular-weight IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen in chronic infections with hepatitis B virus. AB - IgM antibody to hepatitis B virus core antigen (IgM anti-HBc) develops during acute hepatitis B but frequently persists in chronic infections. To characterize persistent IgM anti-HBc better, 7-8S and 19S immunoglobulin fractions were prepared by rate-zonal centrifugation of sera from 17 patients with persistent hepatitis B (chronic active hepatitis) and were tested for IgM anti-HBc by a specific radioimmunoassay. In 16 sera peak activity was found in 7-8S fractions, although in 11 sera a minor peak was also present in 19S fractions. The low molecular weight of the predominant IgM anti-HBc was confirmed by gel filtration. In competition experiments, the binding of 7-8S antibody to an anti-IgM-coated solid phase was blocked more effectively by purified IgM than by purified IgG. These findings indicate that hepatitis B carriers with chronic active hepatitis have predominantly 7-8S IgM anti-HBc and represent a novel demonstration of naturally occurring 7-8S IgM with defined antiviral specificity. PMID- 6619575 TI - Epidemiology of rotaviruses in a cohort of 45 Guatamalan Mayan Indian children observed from birth to the age of three years. AB - A cohort of 45 children was observed from birth to three years of age in their natural ecosystem to determine patterns of infection, morbidity, and growth. Data from enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis for rotavirus of 5,891 extracts (kept frozen since 1964-1969) of weekly fecal specimens were compared against growth, morbidity, and specimen data files, permitting a retrospective description of the epidemiology of rotavirus infection in the cohort. Rotavirus infections were uncommon in the first months of life in intensively breast-fed infants. Infection increased with age to reach a maximal rate in the six- to 18 month age period. While there was a high incidence of diarrhea in the cohort, rotavirus was associated with only 10% of such episodes. The incidence of rotavirus infection was 1.2 episodes per child-year, and the incidence of rotavirus-associated diarrhea was 0.8 episodes per child-year. Serious outbreaks of rotavirus generally occurred from September through December, with as many as one-half of the children becoming infected. Repeated rotavirus infection was a common phenomenon. PMID- 6619576 TI - Immunochemical analysis of tuberculin purified protein derivative with special reference to United States-Japan antigen 7. AB - Immunochemical analysis of tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) by crossed immunoelectrophoresis and other agar gel techniques revealed substantial variation in antigen levels among PPDs and significant differences that were dependent upon the antiserum used. D-Arabino-D-mannan was identified as a major polysaccharide constituent of PPD; D-arabino-D-galactan and United States-Japan antigen 6 were also present. United States-Japan antigen 7 was found to be a major anodal constituent of all preparations of PPD. This antigen was purified and demonstrated to be a molecularly heterogenous small protein or large peptide with an average molecular weight of approximately 8,000. Antigen 7 possessed tuberculin activity with about one fourth the potency of PPD. When studied in animals sensitized with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium kansasii, antigen 7 displayed no more tuberculin specificity than PPD. PMID- 6619577 TI - The contribution of human neutrophils and serum to host defense against Legionella micdadei. AB - The interaction of Legionella micdadei with human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and serum was investigated to determine their roles in host defense against this organism. Serum and PMNs from normal donors having no antibody to L micadei were used. PMNs phagocytized once-agar-passaged (74.6% +/- 6.5%) and twice-agar-passaged (87.3% +/- 1.0%) L micdadei less (P less than 0.05) than L micdadei passaged multiple times on agar (97.5% +/- 1.0%) or Staphylococcus aureus (98.3% +/- 0.5%). Under the same conditions, no phagocytosis of Legionella pneumophila occurred. Use of heat-inactivated serum abolished phagocytosis. PMN killing of once-agar-passaged (1.5% +/- 1.5%) and twice-agar-passaged (0) L micdadei was less (P less than 0.001) than that of L micdadei passaged multiple times on agar (88.6% +/- 4.0%) or S aureus (96.8% +/- 0.5%). L micdadei was not killed by fresh serum, although, in contrast to L pneumophila, it was opsonized by C3. Thus virulent L micdadei is phagocytized, but not killed, by human PMNs, with complement being the major opsonin. PMID- 6619578 TI - Efficacy and tolerance of intranasally applied recombinant leukocyte A interferon in normal volunteers. AB - The prophylactic effect of recombinant leukocyte A interferon (rIFN-alpha A) (dosage, 10 X 10(6) units per day for four days) against illness and infection in 26 volunteers challenged with rhinovirus type 13 was measured in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Significant reductions in illness frequency (7.1% vs 66.7%, P less than 0.003), mean symptom scores, nasal secretion weights, and frequency of virus isolation were observed. However, there was no significant difference in infection rates between rIFN-alpha A- and placebo-treated volunteers. Late posttreatment virus shedding, which was unassociated with late illness, was observed in the rIFN-alpha A-treated group. In two double-blind, placebo-controlled tolerance studies of rIFN-alpha A, five (26%) of the 19 volunteers treated with rIFN-alpha A reported bleeding mixed with mucous nasal discharge and had documented superficial erosions of the nasal mucosa. Future studies will be necessary to evaluate lower doses and/or alternative treatment schedules for improved tolerance and continued efficacy. PMID- 6619579 TI - Inhibition of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase in vitro by cefamandole and its structural analogs. AB - Clinical use of the beta-lactam cephalosporins has resulted in a number of reports of vitamin K-responsive bleeding abnormalities. The effects of these antibiotics on the activities of vitamin K-dependent enzymes in vitro were therefore assessed. The activity of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase was inhibited by 50% by 6-10 mM cefamandole or structurally analogous cephalosporins. The inhibition was noncompetitive with respect to the pentapeptide substrate, vitamin KH2, and CO2. Vitamin K epoxide reductase was less sensitive to and only partially inhibited by cefamandole and the analogs. The possible physiologic significance of the inhibition of these enzymes in clinical hemorrhagic problems was considered. PMID- 6619581 TI - Immunoglobulin levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in certain viral infections of the central nervous system. AB - It is seriously debated whether the presence of immunoglobulins in CSF is due to local production, diffusion of proteins through the blood-brain barrier, or both. Tourtellotte et al [1] strongly suggest that in both healthy and diseased individuals, immunoglobulins are synthesized extravascularly and subsequently diffuse into the CSF. Cohen and Bannister [2] demonstrated that lymphocytes from the CSF of patients with multiple sclerosis could produce IgA and IgG in vitro. Although such evidence suggests the likelihood of local production of immunoglobulins, others believe that elevated protein levels in CSF are due to migration of immunoglobulins from serum to CSF because of damage to the blood brain barrier [3]. Thus, the elevated IgG level in CSF could be an expression of such an impaired blood-brain barrier. A further implication of this hypothesis is that the more the function of this barrier is impaired, the more extensive is the transudation. This includes the migration of large molecules such as IgM during the inflammatory state, a condition which increases not only the number of theoretical filters but also the size of the pores. IgG levels in CSF and serum were elevated in all five infections studied except viral encephalitis, in which this value remained normal. The serum IgA level was elevated in all five lesions, but the IgA level in CSF was elevated only in viral encephalitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and meningeal carcinomatosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6619580 TI - Clostridium difficile toxin A in infants. AB - C difficile produces two toxins, each of which is cytotoxic and lethal to animals [1]. Whether one or both of the toxins is responsible for pseudomembranous colitis in humans is unknown. C difficile is rarely found in the intestinal tracts of healthy adults, and then only in relatively low numbers. The same numbers of C difficile found in adults with pseudomembranous colitis may be present in infants with no obvious adverse effects [3]. The primary cytotoxin of C difficile, toxin B, may also be found in these infants, but the presence of toxin A, which causes intestinal fluid accumulation and mucosal necrosis in hamsters, has not been demonstrated [3]. However, an ELISA developed in our laboratory has been used to detect toxin A in fecal specimens from adults with pseudomembranous colitis [1]. Using this assay, we attempted to determine whether this toxin might be found in hospitalized infants with no obvious gastrointestinal distress. Ten of the 21 infants tested had toxin A in their feces. No infant had toxin A in the absence of toxin B. This is not surprising, because both toxins are produced in about the same ratio in vitro by all strains of C difficile we have tested [1]. In general, those specimens with high titers of toxin B had correspondingly high concentrations of toxin A. The infant with the highest titers of both toxin A and B was the eight-month-old infant with a clinical diagnosis of antibiotic-associated colitis. The other nine infants with toxin A had no enteric symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6619583 TI - Persistence of rabies antibody in free-ranging raccoons. AB - The immune status of a wildlife population to rabies virus probably influences the occurrences of epizootics among that species in a given geographical area. This is not to say that enzootic transmission of the virus will not occur, but rather that attainment of epizootic levels may be hampered through herd immunity. After an epizootic of rabies in a raccoon population in the Fall of 1970, a serologic surveillance program was initiated from November 1970 through August 1974. The surveillance provided the opportunity to determine the persistence of antibody in individual animals as well as to compare the sensitivity of intracerebral mouse inoculation and the RFFIT. The average point prevalence of neutralizing antibody was 20.9% (range, 15.5% [1970] to 25.0% [1974]). Fifty-one (18%) of the 476 raccoons monitored during the study period were trapped more than once. The testing of sequential serum samples from individual seropositive raccoons indicated that serum neutralizing antibody can persist for at least 37 months. It cannot be stated with certainty that these antibody titers resulted from a single exposure to rabies virus and were not boosted by further experience with the virus. Serial serology tests on three young raccoons (less than 15, 30, and 52 weeks of age) suggest that endemic rabies virus was circulating in or near the study area between June 1972 and February 1974. Thirty-six raccoons trapped in November 1970 were shipped to the Centers for Disease Control, Lawrenceville, Ga, where they were held in captivity for observations and serologic monitoring.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6619582 TI - Serology of Staphylococcus aureus infections using multiple antigens and serial serum samples. AB - The detection of antibody to S aureus in human serum can aid in the management of staphylococcal diseases [1]. RIAs and ELISAs can detect low levels of antibody and demonstrate increased antibody production during serious staphylococcal infections [2,3]. We compared four S aureus constituents--cell-wall peptidoglycan and teichoic acid, and extracellular alpha-toxin and nuclease--as antigens in a sensitive ELISA. The value of testing more than a single serum sample was also determined. Elevated IgG antibody to peptidoglycan, present in one or more serum samples of 13 (50%) of 26 patients with complicated bacteremia, was found to be the most sensitive test. All 26 patients had a significant IgG antibody response to peptidoglycan. Three (27%) of 11 patients with uncomplicated bacteremia had elevated levels of antibody to peptidoglycan in their serum, and seven (64%) showed a significant change in titer when serial serum samples were tested. Maximum detection rates for the other antigens in complicated and uncomplicated bacteremia were, respectively, 62% and 37% for teichoic acid, 38% and 37% for nuclease, and 54% and 13% for alpha-toxin. In single serum samples, the detection rate for all four antigens marginally improved the results, with detection rates of 62% and 36% for complicated and uncomplicated bacteremia, respectively. Cross reactive antibody to peptidoglycan but not to the other three antigens was present in six (75%) of eight patients with long-standing subacute bacterial endocarditis due to either viridans streptococci or Staphylococcus epidermidis (data not shown).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6619584 TI - Ocular infection caused by a biological insecticide. PMID- 6619585 TI - Diversity of serotypes in outbreaks of enteritis due to Campylobacter jejuni. PMID- 6619586 TI - [The 35th annual meeting of the Japanese Association for Thoracic Surgery]. PMID- 6619588 TI - The arterial switch operation for transposirtion of the great arteries in Japan. PMID- 6619587 TI - Current status of arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries. PMID- 6619589 TI - Conduit procedures for complex cardiac anomalies. PMID- 6619590 TI - [Problems associated with open heart surgery]. PMID- 6619591 TI - [Experimental study of the hemodynamics and metabolism during assist bypass- comparison with pulsatile and nonpulsatile assist bypass]. PMID- 6619592 TI - [Considerations of ventilator support after open-heart surgery]. PMID- 6619593 TI - [Surgical management of coarctation of the aorta and interrupted aortic arch in infancy]. PMID- 6619594 TI - [Effect of the vein bypass graft diameter on late graft patency and flow volume]. PMID- 6619595 TI - [Renal and respiratory function on non-haemic and haemic prime cardio-pulmonary bypass]. PMID- 6619596 TI - [Long-term results after mitral valve replacement with porcine bioprosthesis]. PMID- 6619597 TI - [Pulmonary circulation in low cardiac output syndrome (LOS) following open heart surgery]. PMID- 6619598 TI - [An experimental study on corrective surgery for tricuspid atresia--with special reference to the superiority of the procedure including the right ventricle]. PMID- 6619599 TI - [Change in isoenzyme CPK-MB following open heart surgery in children and adults- with reference to the evaluation of cardioplegic effect]. PMID- 6619600 TI - [A successful end-to-side anastomosis between the left upperlobe bronchus and the trachea for stenosis of left main bronchus due to tuberculosis]. PMID- 6619601 TI - [Case of thymic carcinoid]. PMID- 6619602 TI - [Noonans syndrome associated with atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect and infundibular pulmonary stenosis--a case report]. PMID- 6619603 TI - [Re-expansion pulmonary edema following drainage of spontaneous pneumothorax: a case report]. PMID- 6619604 TI - [Coexistence of enlarging aneurysm of the abdominal aorta and severe mitral regurgitation combined with coronary tripple vessel disease--a case of successful correction]. PMID- 6619605 TI - [Bentall's procedure for annulo aortic ectasia with nondisplaced coronary ostia]. PMID- 6619606 TI - [Case of right-sided traumatic diaphragmatic hernia in child]. PMID- 6619607 TI - [Early stage in the research of biotechnology--discussion with Professor Yoshiaki Miura]. PMID- 6619608 TI - [Proceedings of the 35th annual scientific meeting of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Osaka, 3 to 7 April 1983]. PMID- 6619609 TI - [Control of the secretion of pituitary hormones that regulate reproductive processes]. PMID- 6619610 TI - [Gynecologic tumors and steroid receptors]. PMID- 6619612 TI - [Histogenesis of ovarian tumor and its endocrine correlation--with special reference to experimental tumor]. PMID- 6619611 TI - [Nuclear functions of normal and adenocarcinomatous cells of the endometrium and the regulatory mechanism of steroid hormones]. PMID- 6619613 TI - [Changes in immunoglobulin-positive cell populations in the vaginal smear during radiotherapy of cervical cancer and their relation to 5-year survival rate]. AB - To study the immunological response of irradiated cervical cancer, vaginal smears were taken from patients with this neoplasm during radiotherapy and stained with fluorescent anti-Igs sera by a direct method. Then, the relationship between the immune response during radiotherapy and a five year cure were discussed. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The mean percentage of the surface IgM positive cells was 1.9% in normal vaginal smears and 5.8% in cervical cancer. 2. On the changes in the surface IgM-positive cells during radiotherapy, the patients were classified into three groups. Group A: The number of surface IgM positive cells increased temporarily during radiotherapy. Group B: The number of surface IgM-positive cells decreased gradually during radiotherapy. Group C: The changes in the surface IgM-positive cells were irregular and/or showed little deviation. The five year survival rate for Group A was 81.8% and for Group B was 50.0%. There was significant difference between Group A and Group B in survival rates, and Group A was considered to be an immunoreactive group. PMID- 6619614 TI - [Statistical analysis of urinary estriol (U-E3), serum leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and heat stable alkaline phosphatase (HSAP) in toxemia]. AB - The levels of urinary estriol (U-E3), serum leucine aminopeptidase (LSP) and heat stable alkaline phosphatase (HSAP) were determined in toxemic and normal pregnancies. The significance of differences was established by weekly estimation of the parameters for both groups after the 28th week of gestation. Assayed values were classified into 4 types (type I-IV) by the mean values for 3 serial 24h assays and 3 patterns (pattern a-c) observed with these three determinations. The distribution rate for each type and pattern was examined according to the following: Severe toxemia, low birth weight, meconium staining at parturition and low apgar score groups. For U-E3, the incidence of the low value type (type IV) and the descending pattern (pattern c) both increased linearly in all the above groups. These findings suggest the clinical applicability of U-E3 as a reasonable indicator for evaluating intrauterine fetal well being because of the close correlation to the listed conditions. Thus these biochemical parameters should be considered in the antepartum fetal management of third trimester toxemic pregnancies. PMID- 6619615 TI - [Effect of a histamine H2-receptor antagonist, cimetidine, on prolactin secretion in women]. AB - The effect of acute intravenous injection of 400mg cimetidine, a histamine H2 receptor antagonist, on prolactin (PRL) secretion was investigated in women with normal menstrual cycles (n = 12) and normoprolactinemic secondary amenorrhea (n = 10). In addition, the PRL response to cimetidine was also examined in women with puerperal (n = 10) and idiopathic (n = 10) hyperprolactinemia. The administration of cimetidine provoked a rapid rise in plasma PRL in both normal and amenorrheic women, with peak values occurring at 10-15 minutes, followed by a return toward the baseline by 2 hours. The PRL response was significantly greater (p less than 0.001) in normal women [mean (+/- SE) basal vs. peak values: 15.3 +/- 1.5 vs. 124.6 +/- 10.3 ng/ml (p less than 0.001)] than in amenorrheic women [13.5 +/- 1.3 vs. 71.7 +/- 7.2 ng/ml (p less than 0.001)]. There were no significant changes in plasma LH or FSH levels in any group. The cimetidine injection caused a remarkable increase in plasma PRL in women with puerperal hyperprolactinemia [110.8 +/- 31.1 vs. 288.8 +/- 39.6 ng/ml (p less than 0.001)], while the PRL response was diminished or absent in women with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia [103.3 +/- 19.3 vs. 122.9 +/- 14.6 ng/ml (p greater than 0.1)]. The mean incremental PRL response was 1.6 times greater than that observed in normal women. These results suggest that histamine may exert an inhibitory effect on PRL secretion through H2-receptors and that an altered central histaminergic tone may be involved in amenorrheic or pathological hyperprolactinemic state. PMID- 6619616 TI - Studies on experimentally induced hydrosalpinges in rabbits--experimental approach for tubo-microsurgery. AB - Hydrosalpinx proved macroscopically and microscopically which was quite similar to that observed in the damage human fallopian tube could be induced by ligation of the rabbit fallopian tube. Where ligatures have been placed on two places of the fallopian tube, hydrosalpinx can be induced in 100 percent of cases if ligation is done securely. About 1-2 weeks after ligation, no change of ciliated cells was observed in the mucosal fold in SEM findings, nor was there much change in the external shape of non-ciliated cells even though hydrosalpinx was induced. With the lapse of time after development of hydrosalpinx, however, both of these cells on the surface of the mucosal fold gradually changed to loose their normal shapes. After 15 weeks, ciliated cells all but disappeared to be replaced by large, filled, irregular non-ciliated cells. Accordingly, hydrosalpinx in the early stage can be cured fully by tubal salpingostomy using microsurgery. In the case of hydrosalpinx many hours after ligation, however, end-to-end anastomosis of the normal regions should be performed since no recovery can be expected. PMID- 6619617 TI - [Human yolk sac hemopoiesis]. PMID- 6619618 TI - [Treatment of intractable ascites at the terminal stage of ovarian carcinoma- reinfusion of the cell-free, concentrated ascitic fluid]. PMID- 6619619 TI - [Electron microscopic observation of cervical Chlamydia infection]. PMID- 6619620 TI - [Hepatic diseases during pregnancy: report of 7 cases and a review of literature]. PMID- 6619621 TI - [Conservative urinary tract surgery in 2 cases of vesico-intestinal fistula caused by radiotherapy of cervical cancer]. PMID- 6619622 TI - [Toxic-shock syndrome (TSS)--report of 2 cases and a study on vaginal flora and sanitary products used during menstruation]. PMID- 6619623 TI - [Experimental study on the post-laminectomy deterioration in cervical spondylotic myelopathy--influences of the meningeal treatment and persistent spinal cord block]. AB - Free, rhythmical movement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is regarded as the inhibitory factor of subarachnoidal adhesion. When the block of CSF flow remains after the laminectomy for cervical spondylotic myelopathy, danger of postoperative subarachnoidal adhesion and ensuing deterioration of operative results is present. Such risk may increase when the meningeal treatment is combined with the laminectomy. The experimental study was practiced on dogs to confirm the surmise mentioned above. First, the gradual anterior cord compression was made at the C4 and C6 levels to produce multiple block of CSF flow. Then, 3 types of posterior surgical decompression, i.e. simple laminectomy, dura mater resection, and arachnoid resection were performed at the C6 level. The fourth type of posterior decompression was also performed, that is, the arachnoid resection at the C6 level accompanied with simple laminectomy up to the level of C4 in order to know the influence of the improvement of CSF passage. Dogs were classified into 4 groups according to the type of the posterior surgery and sacrificed after a certain period to examine the changes around the spinal cord mainly at the C6 level. The results and conclusions are as follows. In the presence of anterior spinal cord compression and CSF flow disturbance, the cord was compressed again by the laminectomy membrane when the dura mater was resected and not compressed when it was preserved. And when the arachnoid was also resected, the scar tissue adhered to the dorsal aspect of the cord and tightly compressed it. The improved CSF passage diminished the extent of subarachnoidal adhesion and the degree of cord compression. From these results, it may be concluded that the laminectomy for the cervical myelopathy should be done sufficiently so as to improve the CSF passage, and at the same time, the meningeal treatment should be avoided as long as possible. PMID- 6619624 TI - [Study of the ossification of the iliac apophysis as an indicator of skeletal maturity and its clinical significance in idiopathic scoliosis]. PMID- 6619625 TI - [Determination of malignancy of cartilaginous tumors (1). Clinical and histopathological evaluation of chondrosarcoma]. PMID- 6619626 TI - [Determination of malignancy of cartilaginous tumors (2). Determination of malignancy by nuclear DNA contents and their distribution patterns in cartilaginous tumors]. AB - In 40 different types of cartilaginous tumors, the number of binuclear cells was calculated and DNA content was examined using fluorescent Feulgen cytophotometric technique. In 7 enchondromas and 1 synovial chondromatosis, the DNA content was diploid in 7 and hypotetraploid in 1, and showed a unimodal normal distribution. The number of binuclear cells was 0.1-0.45%, and the mean DNA content was below 4. These cases showed no evidence of disease after curettage and bone graft. The follow-up period was from 4 years 6 months to 7 years 1 month, averaging 6 years 2 months. In 2 enchondromatoses and 2 benign chondroblastomas, the DNA content was diploid and showed a unimodal normal distribution. One chondromyxoid fibroma showed a broad-unimodal tetraploid distribution, and one benign chondroblastoma showed a broad-aneuploid distribution. The nuclear DNA content was sometimes histologically similar to that of chondrosarcoma in some benign cartilaginous tumors. In 5 secondary chondrosarcomas, the DNA content was hypo- or hypertetraploid, hexaploid, and showed broad-unimodal or broad-bimodal distribution. The number of binuclear cells was from 13% to 23%. Although the size of the nucleus was small, the number of binuclear cells was evidently numerous. The preferred treatment for secondary chondrosarcoma is principally wide resection, but amputation is sometimes indicated in cases of recurrence and large tumor size. The follow-up period was from 2 years 2 months to 18 years 11 months, averaging 9 years 11 months. All 5 patients were surviving at the time of follow-up. The DNA content in chondrosarcoma was mostly hypo- or hypertetraploid, hexaploid, or octaploid and showed broad-unimodal, broad-bimodal or broad aneuploid distribution. The number of binuclear cells was 0.55-3.5%. The mean DNA content was proportional to the number of binuclear cells, the positive correlation between the mean DNA content and the number of binuclear cells was found (p less than 1%). PMID- 6619627 TI - [Tissue reconstitution by isolated articular chondrocytes in vitro]. AB - It is well known that isolated chondrocytes can form a tissue resembling hyaline cartilage when reaggregated in vitro. Recently, this tissue has been experimentally transplanted as an allograft into the defect of articular cartilage. This phenomenon, however, has not been investigated in detail up to this time. The present study was designed to examine the tissue reformed by isolated articular chondrocytes in comparison with normal articular cartilage. Chondrocytes were released by enzymatic digestion from slices of articular cartilage taken from 8 week old white rabbits. The cells were suspended in culture medium (Ham's F12/10% fetal calf serum, 1% penicillin-streptomycin, 80 micrograms/ml ascorbic acid), and were inoculated in a large number into a 0.28 cm2 stainless cylinder on the Millipore filter. After 12 hours these chondrocytes were layered by gravity onto the Millipore filter and were cultured in the same medium during 7 days. Subsequently the cell aggregate was transferred to organ culture system and then was fed every other day. Aggregates of cells were sampled at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks in culture for morphological and biochemical studies. The results were obtained as follows: One week in culture, deposition of metachromatic matrix was observed under a light microscope only at the periphery of the aggregate of cells. Matrix formation in the whole aggregate occurred after 2 weeks in culture. The tissue reformed in this culture consisted of metachromatic hyaline cartilage like matrix and chondrocytes within lacunae but for cells at the surface arranged in a tangential flattened layer. The collagen in this tissue was of type II mixed with a very small amount of type I. In view of the above facts, it seemed most reasonable to conclude that the tissue reconstituted in vitro by freshly isolated chondrocytes had characteristics of hyaline cartilage except over the surface. Compared with normal articular cartilage, the cells in this tissue were distributed randomly and the intercellular hyaline matrix was poor under a light microscope, and collagen fibrils in the matrix observed under an electron microscope were much thinner than those of normal articular cartilage. The number of collagen fibrils in the intercellular matrix gradually increased under an electron microscope. Similarly, hydroxyproline content of the tissue increased until 8 weeks in culture. But the maximum value was only approximately a quarter of that of normal articular cartilage of an 8 week-old rabbit. Freshly isolated chondrocytes were thus shown to form hyaline cartilage in this culture method. This method thus provides a tissue culture model of cartilage organization. On the other hand, there were several points of difference between the tissue formed in vitro and normal articular cartilage. Consequently, more investigations are required to use cartilage reformed in vitro as an autologous or allogeneic graft into the defect of articular cartilage. PMID- 6619628 TI - A new instrument for closed irrigation-suction treatment. AB - Orthopedic surgeons are often faced with the surgical complication of fulminating deep wound infection and bone and joint infection after complicated fractures. Two hundred and seventy patients were treated for bone and joint infection by closed irrigation-suction from 1970 to 1982. Obstruction of the drainage tube, solution leakage, and post-operative bleeding were the knotty problems. Our new instrument for irrigation-suction treatment resolved these problems. The instruments consists of a suction pump, a channel changer, and a double tube system. PMID- 6619629 TI - Double contrast arthrography of the knee in acute injury of the medial collateral ligament. AB - The double contrast arthrography with horizontal beam method was carried out in 133 cases with acute medial collateral ligament injuries of the knees and its findings were compared with those from arthroscopy and/or surgery. The double contrast arthrography demonstrated the level of the rupture in capsular ligament in relation to the meniscal attachment, accompanying meniscal tear or detachment, and intrusion of the free end of the torn ligament into the joint. It also revealed the magnitude of the medial instability and facilitated to distinguish an isolated from a combined injury. A therapeutic regime can be proposed on the basis of the arthrographic findings. We conclude that the double contrast arthrography for the acute injuries of the medial collateral ligament is indispensable in the selection of the optimal treatment. PMID- 6619630 TI - [Clinicopathological studies on minimal breast cancer]. PMID- 6619632 TI - [Cellular stromal reaction in the major foci of gastric cancer]. PMID- 6619631 TI - [Early diagnosis of breast cancer by needle aspiration]. PMID- 6619633 TI - [Thyroglobulin as a tumor marker in thyroid adenocarcinoma--its effectiveness and problems in monitoring cancer activities]. PMID- 6619634 TI - [Experimental study on active specific immunotherapy utilizing the immune reaction of irradiated tumor tissue. 7. Effect of the cryopreserved immunoreactive cells combined with PSK]. PMID- 6619635 TI - [Total and lipid-bound sialic acids in the sera of patients with cancer of the stomach and large intestine]. PMID- 6619637 TI - [Abstracts of papers presented at the 20th meeting of the Japan Society for Cancer Therapy]. PMID- 6619636 TI - [Chemotherapy of advanced gynecological cancer and its limitation--findings in compound and multidisciplinary treatment]. PMID- 6619638 TI - [Use of laser in the treatment of cancer of the oral cavity]. PMID- 6619639 TI - [Studies on possibility for early diagnosis of relapse in acute leukemia based on 5,000 leukocyte differential]. PMID- 6619640 TI - [Clinical and histopathological studies on radiotherapy for hypopharyngeal carcinoma--factors determining the outcome of the therapy]. PMID- 6619641 TI - [Management of postoperative cervical cancer patients classified according to the risk for recurrence, and the effect of surgical adjuvant chemotherapy on the high risk group]. PMID- 6619642 TI - [Comparative in vitro immunological studies between cryosurgery and surgical resection using spontaneous murine mammary carcinoma (C42) in DS mice]. PMID- 6619643 TI - [Human lymphoblast interferon. An effective agent on renal cell carcinoma]. PMID- 6619644 TI - [Study on local resection of the tumor with preservation of the regional lymph nodes for early gastric cancer]. PMID- 6619645 TI - [Generalized likelihood-ratio test for detecting differences in ultimate failure rate and in mean failure time--can adjuvant chemotherapy cure colorectal cancer patients or lengthen their failure times?]. PMID- 6619646 TI - Evaluation of in vivo measurement of transesophageal electrical resistance as an indicator of early experimental esophageal mucosal injury. AB - Experimental esophageal mucosal injury has been characterized by an increase in mucosal permeability to acid and a fall in transmucosal electrical potential difference (PD). We have developed a technique for measuring transesophageal electrical resistance in an in vivo rabbit model of esophageal injury and have performed experiments to assess this parameter as an index of esophageal injury. As expected, tissue resistance varied inversely with mucosal area. The current voltage plot for the esophagus with or without trypsin, bile, or acid injury remained linear with no "breakpoints." Tissue resistance was compared with standard indices of mucosal injury such as acid flux, PD, and morphologic change in experimental esophageal injury due to acid, bile, and trypsin. Our results show that tissue resistance is more sensitive than either PD or acid flux in detecting early esophageal injury due to low concentrations of acid or trypsin and, as opposed to PD, always showed a persistent, unidirectional change with injury. Thus these data show that in vivo measurement of transesophageal electrical resistance is a useful technique for assessing esophageal mucosal injury, in that it is the most sensitive indicator of esophageal injury we have observed. PMID- 6619647 TI - A perfusion chamber developed to investigate platelet interaction in flowing blood with human vessel wall cells, their extracellular matrix, and purified components. AB - A flat perfusion chamber was developed to study the interaction of blood platelets in flowing blood with cultured human vessel wall cells, their connective tissue matrix, and isolated connective tissue components at defined shear rate conditions. A cover slip covered with endothelial cells or extracellular matrix components was introduced into the chamber. Laser-Doppler velocimetry showed a symmetrical flow profile at flow rates between 50 and 150 ml/min (wall shear rate 300 to 1100 sec-1). Platelet deposition was estimated by using blood platelets labeled with indium-111 or by a morphometric method. Blood platelets did not adhere to endothelial cells at wall shear rates of 765 sec-1 and the endothelial cells remained attached for at least 10 min of perfusion. In preconfluent cultures of endothelial cells, blood platelets adhered to extracellular material in areas between the cells. Removal of endothelial cells by treatment with 0.5% Triton X-100 induced increased platelet adherence with a preference for certain, as yet unidentified, fibrillar structures of the extracellular matrix. Platelet adherence to equine collagen was also studied after coating the cover slips by spraying of small collagen droplets followed by air drying. Platelet adherence and the subsequent platelet aggregate formation occurred predominantly along visible collagen fibers. These studies showed that this perfusion chamber has a laminar and symmetrical flow allowing qualitative and quantitative investigation of platelet interaction with endothelial cells, their extracellular matrix, and pure connective tissue components. A variety of wall shear rates and exposure times can be applied at controlled conditions without removing cells or extracellular material. PMID- 6619648 TI - The impact of acetazolamide on renal ammoniagenesis and gluconeogenesis. AB - In view of recent reports suggesting that acetazolamide (ACZ) inhibits renal ammoniagenesis and the pentose phosphate pathway, its effects on renal metabolism were investigated with rat isolated perfused kidney and isolated cortical tubules. In the isolated kidney perfused with glutamine (2 mM) and glucose (5mM), ACZ (0.1 mM) resulted in a natriuresis and bicarbonate diuresis and decreased NH3 production from 1.72 to 1.35 mumol/min/gm dry weight (p less than 0.05). NH3 production was unchanged in control perfusions in which no inhibitor was added. With kidneys from acidotic animals perfused with glutamine (2 mM) without glucose, NH3 production was unaltered by ACZ but glucose production decreased from 0.93 to 0.20 mumol/min/gm (p less than 0.01). ACZ inhibited NH3 (14.2 to 12.6 mumol/min/gm, p less than 0.01) and glucose (1.6 to 1.2 mumol/min/gm, p less than 0.05) and stimulated glutamate (2.2 to 2.9 mumol/min/gm, p less than 0.01) production by isolated tubules from normal rats incubated with 2 mM glutamine and had similar effects with acidotic animals. Glucose production from malate was also inhibited. The increase in glutamate and decrease in glucose production from glutamine, as well as malate, suggest that ACZ inhibits ammoniagenesis by altering metabolism of the glutamate carbon skeleton rather than by affecting glutamyl transferase. Finally, these results emphasize that ACZ has definite effects on renal metabolism, which must be considered in interpreting studies using it to elucidate hydrogen ion transport. PMID- 6619649 TI - Total body calcium by neutron activation analysis in normals and osteoporotic populations: a discriminator of significant bone mass loss. AB - This paper reports total body calcium by neutron activation (TBC) measurements in 94 normal individuals and 86 osteoporotic patients. The ability of TBC to discriminate normal from osteoporotic females was evaluated with decision analysis. Bone mineral content (BMC) by single-photon absorptiometry was also measured. TBC was higher in males (range 826 to 1363 gm vs 537 to 1054 in females) and correlated with height in all normals (r = 0.55 in males, 0.58 in females; p less than 0.001). In females over age 55 there was a negative correlation with age (r = -0.51, p less than 0.01). Thus, for normals an algorithm was derived to allow comparison between measured TBC and that predicted by sex, age, and height (TBCp). In the 28 normal females over age 55, the TBC was 764 +/- 115 gm vs. 616 +/- 90 in the osteoporotics (p less than 0.001). In 63 of the osteoporotic females an estimated height, from tibial length, was used to predict TBC. In normals the TBC/TBCp ratio was 1.00 +/- 0.12, whereas in osteoporotic females it was 0.80 +/- 0.12 (p less than 0.001). A receiver operating characteristic curve showed better discrimination of osteoporosis with TBC/TBCp than with wrist BMC. By using Bayes' theorem, with a 25% prevalence of osteoporosis (estimate for postmenopausal women), the posttest probability of disease was 90% when the TBC/TBCp ratio was less than 0.84. We conclude that a low TBC/TBCp ratio is very helpful in determining osteoporosis. PMID- 6619650 TI - Childhood deafness in southern Africa. An aetiological survey of 3,064 deaf children. AB - We have completed a survey of the causes of deafness in 3,064 children with defective hearing who attend special schools in Southern Africa. Specific genetic or multifactorial syndromes were diagnosed in 7 per cent, familial undifferentiated deafness was recognized in 11 per cent, while in 25 per cent the deafness was acquired. PMID- 6619651 TI - Electron microscopical studies on the nerve endings of the outer hair cells in acoustically exposed rabbits. AB - The afferent and efferent nerve endings of the outer hair cells of the rabbit after acoustic exposure were investigated under the electron microscope. After acoustic stimulation, the afferent and efferent nerve endings of normal range were respectively 57 per cent and 64 per cent. This result suggests that half of the afferent and efferent nerve endings maintain their function under the conditions of this experiment. An abnormal inclusion body forming an oblong dense body and cistern in addition to the postsynaptic cisterna was observed. The active zone and the vesicular gap-structure of the synapse are discussed. PMID- 6619652 TI - Rhinoplasty: aesthetics, ethics and airway. AB - Aspects of rhinoplasty aesthetics as applied to the common nasal deformities have been presented with some comments on present day ethical considerations of this surgery. Airway obstruction due to vestibular narrowing with some alternatives for management are discussed. PMID- 6619653 TI - The influence of nasal trauma during childhood on growth of the facial skeleton. AB - Lateral skull radiographs of adult patients who had suffered nasal trauma during childhood were compared with those of undergraduate dental students. Measurements from the former group indicated reduced downward and forward growth in the maxilla, and altered angulations for certain planes in the middle and lower thirds of the face. The angle of nasal projection was also reduced in the study group. PMID- 6619654 TI - A nose clinic: initial results. AB - A Nose Clinic, run jointly by an ENT surgeon and a chest physician, has been established to consider the relationship between diseases affecting the upper and lower parts of the respiratory tract and the contribution of malfunctioning respiratory defence mechanisms to such disease. The logistics of the clinic are described. Initial results suggest that mucociliary clearance abnormalities, immunity deficiencies and secondary infection in allergic rhinitis underlie a number of conditions presenting to ENT clinics. It is proposed that investigation of such patients leads to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of these conditions and, hence, a more logical approach to both medical and surgical treatment. It is suggested that early recognition and treatment of such underlying abnormalities may avoid irreversible damage. PMID- 6619655 TI - The infant larynx. PMID- 6619656 TI - Histological findings in arytenoid cartilages after long-lasting recurrent nerve paralysis. AB - The histological findings in 15 excised arytenoid cartilages are reported. In all the cases there was a long-term recurrent nerve paralysis without additional inflammatory disease. In one of the cases there was fibrous ankylosis of the crico-arytenoid joint. This is the first report made on the histological findings in the arytenoid cartilage in cases of paralysis. It is confirmed that there are differences in joint pathology between cases of immobility due to inflammatory conditions and those due to pure noninflammatory recurrent paralysis. The fixation caused by arthritis of the joint has a relatively poor prognosis after surgery while, if the fixation is due to recurrent nerve paralysis, the chances of recovery are good in long-term cases. PMID- 6619657 TI - Phonocephalography and pulsatile tinnitus in a surface cerebral angioma. Report of a case. AB - Phonocephalography is a simple, passive non-invasive diagnostic technique in tinnitus and cerebral angiology. Pulsatile tinnitus may occur in hypertension, haemodynamic disorders, or extracranial and intracranial vascular abnormalities. It is ignored by otologists and neurologists. Phonocephalography is the amplification and recording of sounds from the surface and cavities of the head. In this case report, the technique of phonocephalography was used to record these sounds and the tinnitus in a case of surface cerebral angioma. PMID- 6619658 TI - Malignant hemangiopericytoma of the nasal cavity. Report of a case and review of the literature. AB - Haemangiopericytoma is only rarely localized in the nasal cavity. The authors' experience with one case has prompted them to review the literature critically, in order to understand better the most appropriate diagnostic procedures and therapeutic measures. PMID- 6619659 TI - Tuberculous granuloma of the epiglottis. AB - A case of tuberculous granuloma of the epiglottis is presented. The presenting symptoms were hoarseness and painful dysphagia, and the laryngoscopic appearances resembled carcinoma. Histological examination of the biopsy material was diagnostic, emphasising the difficulty of diagnosis in the general population. PMID- 6619660 TI - Spontaneously regressing nodular fasciitis of the neck. AB - Nodular fasciitis, a rare but definite clinico-pathological entity, has been described as a tumourous nodule which occurs predominantly in the subcutaneous fat and fascia, but may also rarely involve the deep fascia and contiguous muscle. It has been called subcutaneous fibromatosis, pseudosarcomatous fasciitis, proliferative fasciitis, infiltrative fasciitis, etc. Konwaler and his associates were the first to describe this condition in the name of 'pseudosarcomatous fasciitis' in 1955. Stout (1961) thinks that this term is most appropriate because the lesion simulates the appearance of sarcoma histologically, although it is not malignant, and because it usually shows some inflammatory stigmata. The term 'nodular fasciitis' was first used by Shuman (1961) and since then has been used by most authors, and therefore is used here. This paper describes a case of nodular fasciitis of the neck, unusual for its size and site, which spontaneously regressed; and it also reviews the cases described in the English Literature. We feel it is important to bring to the attention of otolaryngologists the existence of this pseudosarcomatous soft tissue lesion (which may present in the neck), in order that it and malignant lesions may be properly differentiated and treated. PMID- 6619661 TI - Parameter estimation techniques for transport equations with application to population dispersal and tissue bulk flow models. AB - We developed techniques for estimating the coefficients, boundary data, and initial data associated with transport equations (or more generally, parabolic distributed models). Our estimation schemes are based on cubic spline approximations, for which convergence results are given. We discuss the performance of these techniques in two investigations of biological interest: (1) transport of labeled sucrose in brain tissue white matter, (2) insect dispersal that cannot be modeled by a random diffusion mechanism alone. PMID- 6619662 TI - Age structure in predator-prey systems: intraspecific carnivore interaction, passive diffusion, and the paradox of enrichment. AB - An existing arthropod predator-prey model incorporating age structure in the carnivore through the use of the von Foerster equation is extended to include the effects of intraspecific carnivore interaction and passive diffusion or migration. A linear stability analysis of the community equilibrium point of that differential-integral equation system is performed and the resulting secular equation analyzed by the method of D-partitions. These stability results are then compared to those obtained by employing an analogous differential equation model without age structure, in particular as they relate to the so-called paradox of enrichment. In the absence of passive diffusion, it is shown that, unlike for a differential equation model, the paradox of enrichment can occur even with a carnivore which exhibits intraspecific competition. This destabilizing effect of age structure is seen to occur most dramatically when interspecific interactions are large, while the effect of passive diffusion is to offset that tendency and restabilize the system. These predictions are in accordance with relevant experimental evidence involving mites. PMID- 6619663 TI - Models of epidemics and endemicity in genetically variable host populations. AB - A discrete time genetics model is developed for populations that are undergoing selection due to infectious disease. It is assumed that the generation time of the host and infectious agent are not-synchronous and that only the host population is evolving. Two classes of epidemic processes are considered. The first class is for infectious agents that confer immunity following infection, while the second class is for those that do not confer immunity. The necessary and sufficient conditions are found in order for the disease to persist in a stable polymorphic host population. These conditions are shown to depend on the density of susceptibles, the selection coefficients, and the severity and class of the disease process. PMID- 6619664 TI - Analysis of a model of a vertically transmitted disease. AB - A model is presented of a disease that can be transmitted directly from parent to offspring (vertical transmission) as well as through contact with infectives. A global stability analysis is given for the basic model and the epidemiological effects of vertical transmission are discussed. The effects of the addition of maturation and incubation delays as well as spatial diffusion are analyzed in some special cases. PMID- 6619665 TI - On the stability of delay equation models of simple human stretch reflexes. AB - Human stretch reflexes (SRs) are often too weak and ineffectual to provide adequate postural regulation or rhythmic movement boosting (e.g. in ankle pushoff at the end of stance phase in fast running). Recent improvements in methods of artificially enhancing skeletomotor responses, especially in therapeutic regimens, should not be widely employed until the clonus-resisting stability properties of SRs are better understood. We formulate an idealized linear servo model of a segmentally-mediated SR system which includes the often ignored electromechanical coupling delay. For typical closed-loop (delay/gain) ratios, the model is shown to be unstable for all values of loop gain when operating as a position servo, but maximally stable when operating as a velocity servo. We claim that the velocity servo or more of its nonlinear relatives is a better model for some well studied SRs than, e.g., Houk's stiff muscle hypothesis. We also present evidence that even feeble and quickly saturating monosynaptic postural servos are always unstable if operated as pure position regulators. PMID- 6619666 TI - A continuum model for coupled cells. AB - A continuum model of diffusion-coupled cells that more accurately reflects the presence of low-permeability gap junctions between cells is analyzed. It is shown by a multi-scale analysis that to lowest order the slow evolution of the mean concentration is described by the usual ordinary differential equations for a discrete model. Furthermore, stable non-uniform steady solutions are shown to exist in the continuum model of a one component system, whereas this is impossible for the standard reaction-diffusion model of this system. It is also shown how to average the equations in this continuum model to obtain a system of reaction-diffusion equations with constant coefficients. PMID- 6619667 TI - A stationary distribution for the growth of a population subject to random catastrophes. AB - The problem of the existence of a stationary distribution and the convergence towards it in a certain semistochastic model for the growth of a population is considered. It is assumed that the population grows according to a deterministic equation, but at certain times there are catastrophes, which lead to a decrease in the population level. The hazard function for the occurrence of catastrophes is a function of the population level only. The size of these jumps have a distribution that depends on the population size immediately before the catastrophe. A constructive method for finding the stationary distribution is given. PMID- 6619668 TI - An assessment of the intra- and inter-reliability of the posturometer. AB - While posture is an ever-changing phenomenon, some reliable baseline of measurement must be devised if postural assessment is to be considered as an integral component of chiropractic spinal analysis. In this study, 80 male subjects were subjected to postural assessment using the posturometer. The level of intra and interobserver correspondence was calculated for these measurements and found to be in the 75-80% range. The study concludes that with minor exceptions as explained, this indicates a significant level of reliability sufficient to provide a standard of reference for postural assessments. PMID- 6619669 TI - Inter- and intra-examiner reliability of leg-length differential measurement: a preliminary study. AB - The phenomenon of "short leg" has long been used and debated clinically. A uniquely chiropractic measurement technique was not studied in any of the few studies of reliability of measurement which have been reported. An inter- and intra-examiner reliability study was therefore performed to validate a prone leg length-differential test. Naive students (n = 40) were called, in random order, into three adjacent examining rooms where three experienced chiropractic clinicians measured differential leg lengths. Using standard placement a tape measure was read to the nearest mm to detect inequalities at the shoe-sole interface. The leg length differences were recorded, for both the straight and flexed legs prone positions, twice by each of the three clinicians. Intraclass correlations were significant for the two independent readings for all three examiners, indicating high reliability of the test. Good agreement among examiners was indicated as well by significant intraclass correlation in two of the three possible examiner combinations. These results argue strongly for the reality of the leg length inequality phenomenon and also that it can be reliably measured. PMID- 6619670 TI - A critique of applications of the Euler equation to the human spine. AB - The Euler buckling theory has been presented as evidence that spinal curves increase the spine's axial load carrying capacity. The Euler theory is however, derived for an initially straight beam or column and as such cannot be applied to initially curved structures, such as the human spine. PMID- 6619671 TI - Recognizing and helping the suicidal patient in chiropractic practice. AB - The assessment of a patient's suicide risk is often difficult for the busy practitioner. The present article examined chiropractic interns' and doctors' ability to recognize suicide lethality factors in their patients. On a suicide lethality scale, chiropractic interns and doctors scored significantly lower than a sample of physicians and psychologists and did not score significantly differently than ministers and college students. There was no significant difference between the scores of chiropractic interns and doctors. The article discusses important factors in assessing patient's suicide risk, such as: current mood; suicide plan; and present life circumstances. Suggestions for helping the suicidal patient in co-operation with a psychiatrist or psychologist are presented. PMID- 6619672 TI - Meralgia paresthetica: a study of incidence in one chiropractic clinic. AB - Diagnostic screening was performed in a southeastern Chiropractic clinic for the incidence of Meralgia Paresthetica. The study covered a 10 month period and confirmed the presence of 12 cases during the period considered. All patients complaining of a new diagnostic condition were screened for the condition. A total of 215 people were screened during the program to reveal the presence of 12 cases. This study indicates that Meralgia Paresthetica may not be a rare condition, and that many Chiropractic doctors may be missing its diagnosis. This study indicates the incidence may be high enough to justify promoting greater awareness of the condition and further suggests the need for a controlled study on treatment efficacy by Chiropractic treatment. PMID- 6619673 TI - Pseudosubluxation of the cervical spine in adolescents: a case report. AB - Anterior displacement of the second cervical vertebral body over that of the third in the adolescent occurs because of the hypermobility of these segments. This pseudosubluxation may be confused with true subluxation or dislocation of the cervical spine in a youthful patient. Failure to recognize this normal variation may lead to unnecessary treatment. PMID- 6619674 TI - Ergonomics: a new factor in the evaluation of disabilities. PMID- 6619676 TI - Operation care. PMID- 6619675 TI - Muscle strength testing as a diagnostic screen for supplemental nutrition therapy. PMID- 6619677 TI - Risk management workshops in Georgia--an assessment of their impact. PMID- 6619678 TI - The Morehouse School of Medicine: a state of mind, of mission, and of commitment. PMID- 6619679 TI - Gastric bypass in the less-than-morbidly obese. PMID- 6619680 TI - Surgical treatment of the less-than-morbidly obese: a door better left closed? PMID- 6619681 TI - Breast reconstruction following mastectomy. PMID- 6619682 TI - Physician's counterclaims and remedies against baseless claims. PMID- 6619683 TI - A physiologic approach to pacing. PMID- 6619684 TI - Society for Advanced Medical Systems/Society for Computer Medicine conference on computers in ambulatory medicine. PMID- 6619685 TI - Past and future are present. PMID- 6619686 TI - Screening the ambulatory care performance of family practice residents using a health information system. AB - This paper describes uses of data from a health information system for evaluating family practice residents' performance and progress through their residency programs. Because this system captures limited data from patient encounters, emphasis was placed on working closely with clinical faculty to develop information displays that they could interpret and integrate into residency program evaluations. The data displays are designed to help faculty screen residents' performances and to identify patient care problems that can be pursued further through audits on the medical records. The uses of these displays require that faculty incorporate clinical judgments into the screening process. PMID- 6619687 TI - The effect on cost of medical care for patients treated with an automated clinical audit system. AB - An automated clinical medical record and audit system was developed to evaluate the effect of modifying physician behavior at the control points in the ambulatory care process and to determine if this change was reflected in patient care cost outcomes. This study compared clinical and cost results of patients in an experimental group, who had the automated record and audit system, to a control group, who had a traditional clinic record without chart audit. Physicians responded to the automated audit suggestions at a rate of 50.25 in the experimental group and 37.3 in the control group. No major differences were observed in clinical outcomes, with the exception of the number of days of hospitalizations and, consequently, the cost of hospitalizations. The experimental group cost for hospitalizations was one-third of the control group and accounted for a majority of the differences in the total annual cost for the two groups. PMID- 6619688 TI - Post-myocardial infarction left ventricular aneurysm medical and surgical treatment. PMID- 6619689 TI - Primary cancer of the vagina in North Thailand. PMID- 6619690 TI - A new designed oxygen hood for the management of respiratory distress in the newborn. PMID- 6619691 TI - Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase during pregnancy and the early postpartum period. PMID- 6619692 TI - Congenital pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas: report of two cases with 9 years follow-up. PMID- 6619693 TI - Secondary amenorrhea with hyperprolactinemia. A report of 2 cases. PMID- 6619694 TI - Acute renal failure associated with rifampicin therapy for urethritis. A case report. PMID- 6619695 TI - Typhlitis: an important gastrointestinal complication in granulocytopenic host. PMID- 6619696 TI - Renal and ureteral operations via a posterior approach. PMID- 6619697 TI - An electrocardiographic model of myocardial ischemic injury. AB - Previous electrocardiographic models of myocardial ischemic injury have assumed that transmembrane potential changes are uniform throughout a region of ischemia such that injury currents arise exclusively at the boundary between normal and ischemic myocardium. In such models, the distribution and amplitude of ST segment deflections are considered to arise from a polarized surface interfacing normal and ischemic myocardium. This concept in modeling ischemic injury was derived from the application of principles of electric field theory which had been successfully applied previously to ventricular activation in which QRS potentials are considered to arise from polarized surfaces representing the relatively narrow interfaces between depolarized and nondepolarized myocardium. The present paper outlines the limitations of modeling ischemic injury as a polarized surface in terms of the failure of the predictions of such a model to be supported by the experimentally observed: 1) distribution and relative amplitude of epicardial ST segment elevation overlying a region of ischemia; 2) directional changes in epicardial ST segment elevation that occur with changes in the size of an ischemic region; and 3) nonuniform distribution of transmembrane potential changes which occur within a region of ischemia. A new electrocardiographic model of ischemic injury is formulated which accounts for the nonuniform distribution of transmembrane potential changes which occur throughout a region of ischemia. The model accurately describes experimental observations regarding ST segment deflections which had remained inconsistent with previous models. PMID- 6619698 TI - Signal quality of resting electrocardiograms. AB - Artifact may cause errors of technical origin when ECGs are interpreted by automatic methods. Baseline shift and high-frequency noise content of minimal and typical length ECG records from pediatric and adult populations were measured to allow prediction of both the likelihood of interpretation errors of technical origin and the number of reacquistions needed to obtain an artifact-free record. Ages of the 708 subjects in this study ranged from 2 weeks to 27 years. When a baseline shift of 0.25 mv (exceeded in 7% of the R-R intervals in the database) or a noise content greater than 15 muv RMS (exceeded in 6% of the R-R intervals in the database) within six seconds of three simultaneous leads was declared an unacceptable artifact, then 68% of the records from 0-4 year olds and 31% of the records from adults (greater than 19 years), were rejected on the basis of technical quality. These failure rates mean that, on the average, 3.1 tries would be needed to obtain an artifact-free record from 0-4 year olds; 1.4 tries would be needed for adults. If acquisition is done interactively, the measurement time for a 6-second, 3-lead group would be increased by 13 seconds for 0-4 years olds and by three seconds for adults in order to assure adequate signal quality for computer-assisted analysis. PMID- 6619699 TI - Non-invasive recording of late ventricular activity using an advanced method in patients with a damaged mass of ventricular tissue. AB - Late potentials occurring after the QRS complex were detected on the body surface using an advanced signal averaging technique. ECG waveforms were recorded from patients with and without recurrent ventricular tachycardia who had a damaged mass of ventricular tissue (left ventricular aneurysm or right ventricular dysplasia). The recorded analog data were digitized by a 10 bit A/D converter with a sampling rate of 1280 Hz onto digital magnetic tape. The digitized waveforms were averaged with a CDC-6600 computer using an advanced algorithm which employs a cross correlation function to extract fiducial synchronizing marks for the signal averaging. Waveforms were filtered with a digital bandpass filter with 30 Hz and 250 Hz low and high cut-off frequencies, respectively. Late potentials were detected in seven out of ten patients with left ventricular aneurysm (or right ventricular dysplasia) and recurrent ventricular tachycardia and in four out of five patients with left ventricular aneurysm (or right ventricular dysplasia) but without recurrent ventricular tachycardia. The delayed depolarizations, which were recorded, had an amplitude of 3.0-27.0 microV and extended a mean of 90 msec beyond the termination of the QRS complex. In three patients with left ventricular aneurysm the delayed waveforms were abolished by aneurysmectomy. In nine control subjects no late potentials were detected. We conclude that late potentials which represent late depolarization of a damaged mass of ventricular tissue can be detected in patients with and without recurrent ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 6619700 TI - Computer analysis of the spatial angular parameters of the canine QRSsE loop from necropsy-verified normal dogs. AB - Vectorcardiograms were recorded by the canine modification of the axial lead system of McFee and Parungao from 38 necropsy-verified normal dogs placed in the recommended position of right lateral recumbency. A digital computer program was used to identify and analyze the spatial characteristics of the QRSsE loop. In order to define the QRSsE loop in more complete terms, a total of 27 angular parameters were evaluated. Time to specified parameters and angular values at specified times were assessed. The smallest angular range for a frontal plane vector was 15.7 degrees which occurred with the maximum leftward vector. In the sagittal plane the most narrow range was 29.8 degrees found with the half-area vector. The most narrow angular range in the transverse plane was 29.7 degrees with the maximum leftward vector. Other characteristics of the normal dog were found, such as the simultaneous occurrence of the following vectors: the peak spatial magnitude vector; frontal plane maximum vector; maximum leftward vector; maximum caudal vector; sagittal plane half-area vector; and transverse plane maximum vector. Also occurring together, but at a different time, were the sagittal plane maximum vector and the transverse plane half-area vector. PMID- 6619701 TI - Computer analysis of the non-angular parameters of the QRSsE loop and orthogonal lead QRS characteristics in necropsy-verified normal dogs. AB - The canine modification of the Axial lead system of McFee and Parungao was used to record the VCG from 38 necropsy-verified normal dogs. Characteristics of the QRSsE loop were analyzed by a FORTRAN program on the IBM 360/75 digital computer. The following non-angular parameters were characterized for the normal dog: loop areas in the frontal, sagittal, and transverse planes; time duration of QRS; time integral of QRS; peak spatial magnitude; spatial velocity; eigenvalues and eigenvectors. It was shown that the normal QRSsE loop was extremely planar, but of variable length and width. Vector lengths at nine points in each plane were determined. Extreme absolute and percentage variation existed in all vector length parameters. The orthogonal lead characteristics were described. A consistent finding was a Q wave in lead Vx in all subjects. An S wave was present in this lead in 50% of the dogs. In lead Vy a Q wave was found in 81.6% of the dogs and an S wave was present in 94.7%. In contrast to the consistency of the angular parameters found in this same group of dogs which was reported earlier, the non-angular parameters and orthogonal characteristics could not generally be defined over small ranges. PMID- 6619702 TI - An electrocardiographic--electrophysiologic correlation of aberrant ventricular conduction in man. AB - Surface electrocardiographic (ECG) features of aberrant ventricular conduction (VAb) were correlated with His bundle electrograms (HBE) in 16 patients to assess the usefulness and limitations of ECG in the diagnosis of VAb. VAb was studied in these patients using the technique of atrial premature stimulation (A2) during paced atrial cycle lengths (A1). VAb in the form of right bundle branch block (RBBB) was noted in 12/16 patients, left (L) BBB in 7/16, whereas 3/16 showed R as well as LBBB following A2. The longest atrial coupling (A1A2) intervals resulting in VAb approximated 50% of the basic cycle length (BCL) and VAb was frequently abolished at closer A1A2 intervals due to excessive AV nodal delays. While the PR interval preceding an aberrant QRS complex always exceeded the PR of the prior CL, the two major components of the PR [i.e. AV node and His Purkinje system (HPS)] showed different and unpredictable degrees of delays. In comparison to the beats of BCL, during VAb the AV nodal delays amounted to a maximum of a twofold increase, whereas a greater than fourfold increase was noted in the HPS in some instances. The constant finding of PR prolongation and frequent conduction delay in the HPS (HV prolongation) associated with VAb suggested that the appearance of an unexpectedly shortened PR interval, though not usually considered in the differentiation of VAb from premature ventricular beats, may prove extremely useful; yet the often utilized R-R interval relationship poorly reflects the H-H interval relationship (which determines VAb) and therefore may be frequently unreliable. PMID- 6619703 TI - Effects of thoracotomy on volume conductor properties of the canine torso. AB - The effects of left thoracotomy on the volume conductor properties of the canine torso were studied in ten dogs. Body surface isopotential distributions were examined before and serially (3, 7 and 14-15 days) after limited thoracotomy and pericardiotomy. Changes in QRS potentials were considered to reflect surgically induced alterations in volume conductor properties. Results demonstrated that thoracotomy caused a generalized reduction in body surface potentials, quantitated as root-mean-square errors that were greatest soon after surgery and reached low levels (less than 200 uV) two weeks postoperatively. Although voltages were reduced, overall isopotential distributions remained similiar in form, with statistically significant correlation coefficients (greater than 0.7) three days after surgery; these values increased to high (greater than 0.85), stable levels by one week. These findings help define the nature and time course of ECG changes that may be attributed to thoracotomy without direct cardiac intervention. PMID- 6619704 TI - Coronary angiographic assessment of left posterior hemiblock. AB - The ECGs of 1,095 patients with coronary angiographic evidence of significant coronary artery disease (greater than or equal to 50% obstructive lesion in at least one major coronary artery) were reviewed. Five patients had left posterior hemiblock (LPHB), an incidence of 0.5%. Three of five patients also had a right bundle branch block (RBBB). Of the five patients with LPHB, all had significant right coronary artery (RCA) disease (four complete occlusions, one 90% obstructive lesion). All five patients having LPHB also had evidence of critical disease (greater than or equal to 75% obstruction) of at least one of the major branches of the left coronary artery; four of the five had complete occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). The left circumflex coronary artery (CFx) was critically diseased in three patients. The ECGs of four patients showed evidence of only one myocardial infarction while one patient had evidence of an anterior and an inferior infarction. It is concluded that the presence of LPHB in patients with coronary artery disease is an ominous electrocardiographic finding, and is associated with extensive coronary artery disease. PMID- 6619705 TI - A possible autonomic modulation of sinus node recovery time in overdrive suppression test. AB - The effect of blood pressure fall on sinus node recovery time (SNRT) was studied in 17 patients during the overdrive suppression test. Their maximal SNRT was less than 150% of the mean P-P interval of the control state (=SCL) and CSNRT (=SNRT SCL) was less than 550msec. Blood pressure was found to fall in about a half of the patients at a high pacing rate. Concomitantly, SNRT was found to shorten in those who showed such a fall in blood pressure. The subjects were then divided into two groups; one with a shorter SNRT at 150bpm than at 90bpm of pacing rate and the other without such shortening. The changes in SNRT and CSNRT were both significant in the first group (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.001, respectively). The fall in blood pressure at 150 bpm was significant in the group with shortened SNRT and CSNRT and it was larger than in the other group: 23 +/- 14mmHg vs. 1 +/- 5mmHg (p less than 0.001). This result suggests a possible modulation of SNRT by a fall of blood pressure via baroreflex. PMID- 6619706 TI - Determination of cardiac frontal plane vector axes. PMID- 6619707 TI - Demonstration of intracellular localization of calmodulin antagonist by wet mounting radioautography. PMID- 6619708 TI - A combined light and scanning electron microscopy on human urinary cytology. PMID- 6619709 TI - Tridimensional architecture of elastic tissue in the rat aorta and femoral artery -a scanning electron microscope study. PMID- 6619710 TI - Elastolysis following partial constriction of the common carotid arteries of rabbits. PMID- 6619711 TI - Serum levels of growth hormone during the stunted postnatal development of the vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rat. AB - Levels of GH in serum were assayed during the development of heterozygous (HET) control and vasopressin-deficient homozygous (HOM) Brattleboro rats. In early postnatal growth no differences in GH concentrations were present between HET and HOM rats for the rapid decline in serum levels of GH in the first week and the constant period up to day 24 of age thereafter. However, higher values were found in 55-day-old HOM rats and lower values at the age of 9 months. It is concluded that the stunted development of the body and brain of HOM rats is not GH-related, and that changes or anomalies in GH secretion appear only after neurogenesis has been completed. PMID- 6619712 TI - Plasma testosterone levels in adult and neonatal female rats bearing testosterone propionate-filled silicone elastomer capsules for varying periods of time. AB - Testosterone propionate (TP) was administered, by means of subcutaneous implanted silicone elastomer capsules, into adult and neonatal (aged 3 days) female rats. In the adult rats a dose-dependent increase in plasma testosterone was measured for capsules of three different sizes (5, 10 and 20 mm crystal length). Testosterone levels reached a peak 4-8 h after insertion (5 mm, 24.6 +/- 1.4 (S.E.M.) nmol/l; 10 mm, 34.0 +/- 3.8; 20 mm, 44.4 +/- 3.1) and returned to control levels within 4 h after removal: the calculated half-life of testosterone was 1 h for all sizes of capsule. In neonates, a capsule of 2.5 mm crystal length was removed after 4 h subcutaneous implantation (at day 3 of age) and produced peak testosterone levels of 126.2 +/- 11.8 nmol/l: the calculated half-life was 8.6 h which compared with a half-life of 48 h after a subcutaneous injection of 312 mumol TP (in 0.05 ml arachis oil) which produced peak levels of testosterone in 4-8 h of 84.6 +/- 11.8 nmol/l. Chronic implants of TP-filled capsules (2.5 mm crystal length) at 3 days of age and left in situ for 15 weeks gave a half-life of 69 h. Removable silicone elastomer capsules were found to be a versatile vehicle for the administration of TP to rats of all ages where precise hormone treatment for a known period or prolonged administration is required. The duration and magnitude of plasma hormone levels should be established by assay in an in-vivo situation. PMID- 6619713 TI - The relationship between prolactin secretion and calmodulin activity. AB - The possible role of calmodulin in the control of prolactin secretion was examined. The effects of a wide variety of agents on inhibition of prolactin secretion from isolated rat anterior pituitary cells and inhibition of calmodulin activity in an in-vitro system (calmodulin-activated cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase) were compared. A number of phenothiazines showed a close correlation of potencies in the two systems, as did the more specific calmodulin antagonist, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulphonamide (W7), suggesting that calmodulin may be involved in the control of prolactin secretion. Some other drugs also inhibited both prolactin secretion and calmodulin activity in addition to their other well-characterized biochemical effects. However, many of these drugs (including two phenothiazines) were more potent inhibitors of prolactin secretion than of calmodulin activity, suggesting that other intracellular systems in addition to calmodulin may be involved in the control of the secretory process. PMID- 6619714 TI - Trends in primary care in the United Kingdom. AB - Trends in primary care in the United Kingdom were studied using the diagnostic information available at Intercontinental Medical Statistics Ltd (IMS) for 1969 80. Total consultation rates overall showed an increase until 1978 when they started to decline. Diseases of the respiratory system showed a decline for first consultations. Diseases of the musculoskeletal and connective tissue and diseases of the nervous system and sense organs showed an increase. Diseases of the respiratory system, circulatory system, and mental disorders accounted for 15.4%, 11.2%, and 9.6% respectively of the total consultations in 1980. Neuroses and personality disorders accounted for the highest consultation rates in general practice. This study identifies areas for further research in general practice and the potential of this data base, if expanded, for the continuous monitoring of morbidity in primary care. PMID- 6619715 TI - Survival and functional capacity: three year follow up of an elderly population in hospitals and homes. AB - A three year mortality study was undertaken of a population of 4490 people aged 65 and over in all types of hospitals and homes provided within a defined geographical area. The rate of survival consistently fell with increasing incapacity in mobility, incontinence, washing/dressing, and feeding. The effect was independent of differences in age, sex, and duration of stay. Differences in survival between patients and residents of National Health Service hospitals (geriatric, psychiatric, acute) and homes for the elderly did not persist after adjustment for variations between populations in level of incapacity, age, and sex. An assessment based on ability to perform basic items of self care is easily undertaken and understood by staff in different settings. It allows homogeneous groups of elderly people to be identified despite a diverse range of underlying diseases and could provide the basis for planning and evaluating services and rehabilitation regimens. PMID- 6619716 TI - Medical care of asthma and wheezing illness in children: a community survey. AB - A survey was carried out to investigate the medical care of asthma and wheezing illness in a school population. Children with current wheezing illness were identified by a screening questionnaire to the parents of 5100 children in one school cohort from all schools in an outer London borough. Of the 89% who responded, 11.1% reported wheezing within the past 12 months. Parents of a sample of 284 wheezy children aged about 9 were interviewed at home about their child's illness and the related use of drugs and services. There was evidence of substantial underuse of services and this was not associated with social, family, or general practice factors. Considerable proportions of children were not having drug treatment, were receiving only non-antiasthmatic drugs, or were using antiasthmatic drugs incorrectly. The most important social and family factor associated with undertreatment was poor maternal mental health, and this factor appeared to explain the observed association of manual social class with undertreatment. Only about half of the most severe group were labelled as having "asthma," and those with this label were more likely to be receiving treatment and using outpatient services. The results show that the potential of modern treatment to prevent disability due to wheezing illness is not being realised despite the existence of a free and accessible health service. PMID- 6619717 TI - ACORN group, social class, and child health. AB - A Classification of Residential Neighborhoods (ACORN) and the Registrat General's social class classification were compared on measures of health and service use based on a sample of 5500 primary school children in England. ACORN was shown to differentiate at least as well as social class on the selected outcome measures and to identify small areas with particularly high rates of morbidity. Nevertheless, questions were raised concerning both the extent to which ACORN identifies variations independent of regional variations and the consistency of ranking of ACORN groups on health measures. PMID- 6619718 TI - Dental health status of recipients of community dental health services. AB - A new information system was used routinely to monitor clinical dental services. Data on 20,729 courses of treatment support the validity and usefulness of continuously collected information about dental health status. Patients who had not attended a community clinic within the year before examination did not need courses of treatment that differed appreciably from those for patients who had attended within the previous year. Patients who attended without scheduled appointments had a lower prevalence of caries free primary dentitions than those with such appointments. Dentists with patients having more caries free permanent dentitions provided a higher number of courses of treatment a year. PMID- 6619719 TI - Parents seeking help after cot death. How atypical is their experience? AB - A survey of 241 cases of cot death reported to the Foundation for the Study of Infant Deaths is compared with more formal epidemiological studies. As expected the cases tend to be drawn from the higher social classes, and this selection affects some of the data--for instance, mothers' age and feeding practice. Nevertheless, data relating to the infants and their histories are remarkably similar to data from other studies. The survey provides a continuous epidemiological monitor as well as being of therapeutic value to the parents and should be continued. PMID- 6619720 TI - Effect of smoking, alcohol, and other factors on the selenium status of a healthy population. AB - In a study of selenium status in 391 apparently healthy subjects resident in the south of England statistical examination of the data showed a significant effect with regard to age, smoking, alcohol, and oral contraceptives. The most important of these factors seems to be a combination of alcohol and smoking habits in men over 30. Reference ranges have been established for glutathione peroxidase activities and the concentrations of selenium in whole blood plasma and erythrocytes. PMID- 6619721 TI - Tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields of some Nigerian cigarettes. AB - Fourteen cigarette brands manufactured in Nigeria in 1981 were analysed to determine the tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields. Five of the brands belonged to the high and middle to high tar category (greater than 22 mg/cigarette) and nine to the middle tar (17-22 mg/cigarette) category. None of the cigarettes was in the low to middle and low tar (less than 17 mg/cigarette) category. The nicotine and carbon monoxide yields were similar to those of European cigarettes. Tobacco companies need to manufacture low tar cigarettes in the Third World as is the practice in the economically developed parts of the world. PMID- 6619722 TI - A family study of Paget's disease of bone. AB - Familial aggregation of Paget's disease of bone occurs occasionally and an exclusively genetic aetiology has been proposed in the past. On the other hand, epidemiological surveys point to an important environmental contribution, and evidence is accumulating to suggest that the disease may be caused by a slow virus infection. Analysis of 407 family history questionnaires completed by patients with Paget's disease confirmed the familial nature of the disease. Overall, the findings were consistent with the hypothesis that Paget's disease is caused by infection with a common and widespread virus superimposed on genetic variation for susceptibility and perhaps severity of the disease. PMID- 6619723 TI - Admission to hospital for road trauma in patients with diabetes mellitus. AB - A total of 8623 patients admitted to hospital in Western Australia with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus during 1971-9 were linked with hospital admissions for road trauma during the same period, and their admission rates compared with the whole population. Although there was no overall difference, there was a significant excess of admissions in diabetic men aged under 55, the excess being produced by those in control of a vehicle and pedestrians. There were smaller excesses in the same female age group and a corresponding deficit in older diabetics. The results are limited through being based on routinely collected data on hospital admissions both for diabetics and victims of road crashes but indicate that there is a real problem of road accidents among diabetics that should be more fully investigated with a population based study that would collect important additional information unavailable in this study. PMID- 6619724 TI - Allometry of quadrupedal locomotion: the scaling of duty factor, bone curvature and limb orientation to body size. AB - Measurements of the chord length (alpha M0.31) and diameter (alpha M0.35) of the femora, tibiae, humeri and radii from 32 species of mammals, ranging in approximate body mass from 0.020-3500 kg, support previous data which show that mammalian long bones scale close to geometric similarity. Scaling of peak stresses based on these measurements of limb bone geometry predicts that peak stress increases alpha M0.28, assuming that the forces acting on a bone are directly proportional to an animal's weight. Peak locomotory stresses measured in small and large quadrupeds contradict this scaling prediction, however, showing that the magnitude of peak bone stress is similar over a range of size. Consequently, a uniform safety factor is maintained. Bone curvature (alpha M 0.09) and limb bone angle relative to the direction of ground force (alpha M 0.07) exhibit a slight, but significant, decrease with increasing body mass. Duty factor measured at the animal's trot--gallop transition speed does not change significantly with body size. The moment arm ratio of ground force to muscular force exerted about a joint was found to decrease dramatically for horses as compared to ground squirrels and chipmunks. This six-fold decrease (alpha M-0.23) provides preliminary data which appear to explain, along with the decrease in bone curvature and angle, the similar magnitudes of peak bone stress developed during locomotion in different sized animals. The crouched posture adopted by small quadrupeds while running may allow greater changes in momentum (when accelerating or decelerating) or a decrease in the forces exerted on their limbs. PMID- 6619725 TI - The mechanism of intracardiac shunting in the lizard Varanus exanthematicus. AB - Intracardiac shunting was studied in unanaesthetized and unrestrained specimens of Varanus exanthematicus by simultaneous injection of radioactively labelled microspheres (15 micron) into the right and left atria. Lung ventilation was monitored by intratracheal pneumotachography. It was found that intracardiac shunting was not significantly affected by the spontaneously occurring periods of ventilation and apnoea: the right-to-left shunt averaged 29 and 31%, respectively, and the left-to-right shunt was 11% in both conditions. The observed shunting, although rather constant with time and independent of the ventilatory state, varied in different individuals. Anatomical studies and intracardiac pressure measurements revealed that, in spite of crocodilian-like systolic pressure separation between pulmonary and systemic circulation (based on the muscular ridge, 'Muskelleiste', between cavum venosum and cavum pulmonale), the cavum venosum is shared by both the pulmonary and the systemic circulation. Intracardiac shunting appears to be mainly due to wash-out of the cavum venosum: blood remaining in this chamber at the end of systole (oxygenated) or at the end of diastole (deoxygenated) is washed into the respective 'inadequate' vascular bed during the next half-cycle of heart action. Thus the extent of intracardiac shunting is expected to depend primarily on the volume and the changes in volume of the cavum venosum during the cardiac cycle. PMID- 6619726 TI - The effects of aquatic oxygen concentration, body size and respiratory behaviour on the stamina of obligate aquatic (Bufo americanus) and facultative air breathing (Xenopus laevis and Rana berlandieri) anuran larvae. AB - Larvae of the anurans Rana berlandieri and Xenopus laevis have lungs and can breathe air as well as irrigate buccal and pharyngeal surfaces for aquatic respiration. Larvae of Bufo americanus lack lungs until just before metamorphosis and are obligately aquatic. We examined the relationship between the locomotor stamina (time to fatigue), aquatic oxygen concentration, body size, and respiratory behaviour of swimming larvae of these species, with the following results: Stamina is size-dependent in all three species. Aquatic hypoxia reduces stamina in larvae of all three species, but most conspicuously in Bufo. Breathing air increases stamina in Rana larvae, especially in large animals and under aquatic hypoxia. In contrast to Rana larvae, Xenopus larvae swimming in normoxic water undergo a reduction in stamina when allowed to breathe air. In hypoxic water, aerial respiration moderates the reduction in stamina seen in Xenopus larvae. Branchial irrigation is associated with increased stamina in Xenopus, and is increased under hypoxia and at high swimming velocities. Respiratory demand, buoyancy and the drag associated with branchial irrigation all affect respiratory behaviour in Xenopus larvae. The great amount of interspecific variation in the relationship between respiratory behaviour and stamina reveals the importance of measuring performance directly when attempting to interpret the functional significance of respiratory structures and behaviour. PMID- 6619727 TI - Locomotion in the North American mink, a semi-aquatic mammal. II. The effect of an elongate body on running energetics and gait patterns. AB - Oxygen consumption (VO2) of minks increased non-linearly with running speed over the range of 0.70-6.40 km h-1. A break in the VO2 vs speed relationship occurred at approximately 3.94 km h-1 and corresponded to the transition from a walking to a half-bounding gait pattern. Incremental transport costs associated with bounding were 36% lower than for walking at similar speeds. The lower energetic cost of bounding was attributed in part to low stride frequencies and in part to spinal flexion. The latter was particularly important in circumventing stride length restrictions associated with the short limbs of these animals. As a result, stride frequency and stride length of these elongate mustelids at the gait transition speed were similar to values predicted for conventionally-shaped mammals. PMID- 6619728 TI - Eye movement dynamics in the dogfish. AB - A method is described of obtaining the relationship between electrical stimulation of the abducens nerve and horizontal eye movement in the dogfish. The stump of the VIth nerve was stimulated intracranially in a fish in which the brain had been removed, but in which the circulation remained intact, and the gills were perfused with sea water. Horizontal rotation of the eye was monitored with an opto-electronic movement detector. Eye rotation was linearly related to stimulus frequency in the 0-20 Hz range, and was maximal at frequencies above 40 Hz. Stimulation of the VIth nerve, with a pulse train whose frequency was modulated sinusoidally between 0 and 20 Hz, produced sinusoidal eye movements. The frequency response of the system approximates a first order low pass filter with a characteristic frequency of 0.23 Hz, and an additional phase lag equivalent to a time delay of approximately 50 ms. PMID- 6619729 TI - Control of a central pattern generator by an identified modulatory interneurone in crustacea. I. Modulation of the pyloric motor output. AB - In the lobsters Fasus lalandii and Palinurus vulgaris, the rhythmical activity of the pyloric pattern generator of the stomatogastric nervous system is strongly modified by the firing of a single identified interneurone, whose activity we have recorded from the cell body, in vitro. The cell body of this interneurone, the anterior pyloric modulator (APM), is located in the oesophageal ganglion and sends two axons to the stomatogastric ganglion via the inferior oesophageal nerves, the commissural ganglia, the superior oesophageal nerves and the stomatogastric nerve. Firing of neurone APM modifies the activity of all the neurones of the pyloric network, including pacemaker and follower neurones. Its effects are both quantitative (increase in the frequency of the rhythm and in the frequency of spikes within cell bursts) and qualitative (modifications in relative efficacies of the synaptic relationships within the pyloric network, which in turn lead to changes in the phase relationships between the discharges of the neurones). The effects on pyloric activity induced by firing of neurone APM are established slowly (one or two seconds) and are of long duration (ten times the duration of APM's discharge). These modifications most probably involve muscarinic cholinergic receptors. APM's influences on the activity of pyloric neurones appear to be characteristic of a neuromodulatory process and are such that they may be of behavioural significance in the intact animal. PMID- 6619730 TI - Haemodynamic effects of adrenaline on the isolated, perfused head of the dogfish 'pup' (Squalus acanthias). AB - The isolated, perfused head of the dogfish 'pup' (Squalus acanthias) maintained pressure:flow relationships near to those described for the in vivo adult for at least 3 h when perfused at a constant rate. The addition of 3% polyvinylpyrrolidone reversibly increased branchial resistance, and the postbranchial outflow (arterial + venous) equalled the inflow. 10(-5) M adrenaline reversibly reduced gill resistance (in some cases after a transient increase in resistance) and stimulated perfusate outflow from the dorsal aorta, at the expense of flow from the cephalic and branchial venous system. Phentolamine did not alter the effect of adrenaline on pressure and flow pattern; addition of propranolol inhibited both adrenaline effects and resulted in a slight increase in afferent pressure, indicating that alpha-adrenergic receptors are present, but that the dominant haemodynamic effects are mediated via beta adrenergic receptors. The isolated, perfused 'pup' head may provide a vehicle for investigation of transport phenomena in the elasmobranch branchial epithelium. PMID- 6619731 TI - Conditioning factor(s) produced by several molluscan species promote neurite outgrowth in cell culture. PMID- 6619732 TI - The pCa-tension characteristics of single skinned fibres isolated from the anterior and posterior latissimus dorsi muscles of the chicken. PMID- 6619733 TI - Control of a central pattern generator by an identified modulatory interneurone in crustacea. II. Induction and modification of plateau properties in pyloric neurones. AB - In the isolated stomatogastric nervous system of the lobster Fasus lalandii, the strong modifications of the pyloric motor pattern induced by firing of the single anterior pyloric modulator neurone (APM) are due primarily to modulation by APM activity of the regenerative membrane properties which are responsible for the 'burstiness' of all the pyloric neurones and particularly of the non-pacemaker neurones (constrictor motoneurones). This modulation has been studied under experimental conditions where the main extrinsic influences usually received by the pyloric constrictor neurones (intra-network synaptic interactions, activity of pacemaker neurones, and phasic central inputs from two premotor centres) are minimal. Under these conditions a brief discharge of neurone APM induces long plateaus of firing in all of the pyloric neurones. The non-pacemaker neurones of the pyloric network are not simply passive follower neurones, but can produce regenerative depolarizations (plateau potentials) during which the neurones fire spikes. The ability of the pyloric constrictor neurones to produce plateau potentials (plateau properties) contributes greatly to the generation of the rhythmical pyloric motor pattern. When these neurones spontaneously express their plateau properties, firing of neurone APM amplifies these properties. When most of the central inputs usually received by the pyloric constrictor neurones are experimentally suppressed, these neurones can no longer produce plateau potentials. In such conditions, firing of the single modulatory neurone APM can reinduce plateau properties of the pyloric constrictor neurones. In addition, firing in APM neurone slows down the active repolarization phase which terminates the plateau potentials of pyloric constrictor neurones. This effect is long lasting and voltage-dependent. Modulation by APM of the plateau properties of the pyloric neurones also changes the sensitivity of these neurones to synaptic inputs. This effect can explain the strong modifications that an APM discharge exerts on a current pyloric motor pattern. Moreover, it might render the motoneurones of the pyloric pattern generator more sensitive to inputs from a command oscillator, and contribute to switching on the pyloric motor pattern. PMID- 6619734 TI - Elevated serum levels in human pregnancy of a molecule immunochemically similar to eosinophil granule major basic protein. AB - We have shown that serum levels of a molecule immunochemically similar to eosinophil granule major basic protein (MBP) are elevated in pregnant women throughout gestation. MBP levels increase during gestation and plateau at approximately 7,500 ng/ml by the 20th wk (greater than 10-fold above normal). Levels return to normal after delivery, with a T1/2 of 13.7 d. The MBP in pregnancy serum is remarkably similar to the eosinophil granule MBP in that: (a) pregnancy MBP fully inhibits the binding of radiolabeled MBP standard in a double antibody radioimmunoassay; (b) this inhibition reaction is specific for human MBP because pregnancy serum produces no inhibition of the binding of radiolabeled guinea pig MBP in the guinea pig MBP radioimmunoassay; (c) in a two-site immunoradiometric assay for MBP, slopes of dose-response curves for pregnancy serum, purified MBP, and serum from a patient with hypereosinophilic syndrome are identical, and maximal binding is comparable; (d) reduction and alkylation of pregnancy sera increases measured MBP 100-fold, as previously shown for eosinophil granule MBP in serum; and (e) the MBP in pregnancy serum demonstrates the same pattern of heat lability as has been previously reported for MBP. Four observations have raised the possibility that the eosinophil is not the source of the MBP in pregnancy serum: (a) no correlation between serum MBP level and peripheral blood eosinophil count exists in pregnant women, in contrast to previous studies of patients with eosinophilia; (b) levels of three other eosinophil-associated proteins are normal or low in pregnancy sera, whereas the serum levels of these proteins are elevated in patients with eosinophilia; (c) the slopes of dose-response curves for pregnancy sera and MBP standards differ in the double antibody radioimmunoassay; and (d) the molecule in pregnancy serum elutes from Sephadex G-50 columns at the void volume, while eosinophil granule MBP and the MBP in serum of patients with eosinophilia elute at a volume consistent with the previously established molecular weight of 9,300. These findings suggest that the MBP in pregnancy serum is derived from a source other than the eosinophil. PMID- 6619736 TI - Formation of a novel phagosome by the Legionnaires' disease bacterium (Legionella pneumophila) in human monocytes. AB - Previous studies have shown that L. pneumophila multiplies intracellularly in human monocytes and alveolar macrophages within a membrane-bound cytoplasmic vacuole studded with ribosomes. In this paper, the formation of this novel vacuole is examined. After entry into monocytes, L. pneumophila resides in a membrane-bound vacuole. During the first hour after entry, vacuoles containing L. pneumophila are found surrounded by smooth vesicles fusing with or budding off from the vacuolar membrane and by mitochondria closely apposed to the vacuolar membrane. By 4 h, vacuoles are found less frequently surrounded by these cytoplasmic organelles, but now ribosomes and rough vesicles are found gathered about the vacuole. By 8 h, the ribosome-lined vacuole has formed. Erythromycin, at concentrations that completely inhibit the intracellular multiplication of L. pneumophila, has no effect on vacuole formation. Formalin-killed L. pneumophila also reside in a membrane-bound vacuole after entry into monocytes. In contrast to the situation with live L. pneumophila, cytoplasmic organelles are not found surrounding vacuoles containing formalin-killed L. pneumophila at any time after entry. Formalin-killed bacteria are rapidly digested, and by 4 h, few remain intact. The L. pneumophila-containing vacuole has certain features in common with other intracellular organisms that inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion; these organisms may share a common mechanism for vacuole formation and inhibition of phagosome-lysosome fusion. PMID- 6619735 TI - Apoprotein E is synthesized and secreted by resident and thioglycollate-elicited macrophages but not by pyran copolymer- or bacillus Calmette-Guerin-activated macrophages. AB - Macrophages are active secretory cells that display functionally distinct phenotypes that are regulated by inflammation. We have found that apoprotein E (ApoE), a component of plasma lipoproteins, was synthesized and secreted by resident and nonspecifically stimulated macrophages elicited with thioglycollate broth, but not by activated macrophages obtained from mice treated with bacillus Calmette-Guerin, pyran copolymer, whole Corynebacterium parvum, or bacterial endotoxin. ApoE represented approximately 1% of the newly synthesized protein and approximately 10% of secreted protein of resident and thioglycollate-elicited macrophages. ApoE from thioglycollate-elicited macrophages was indistinguishable from ApoE in mouse plasma lipoproteins, as determined by immunoreactivity, peptide mapping, and molecular weight. When specific antibodies were used to localize cell-associated ApoE, strong immunofluorescence was seen in the Golgi region of resident and thioglycollate-elicited macrophages immediately after removal from the peritoneal cavity, as well as after culture for up to 7 d. In contrast, activated macrophages did not synthesize or secrete ApoE to an appreciable extent and had no immunocytochemically detectable intracellular ApoE. When activated macrophages were cultured in medium containing serum, their activated state, as judged by production of H2O2, declined within 48-72 h in parallel with the induction of synthesis and secretion of ApoE and detection of intracellular ApoE by immunofluorescence. During prolonged culture the rate of synthesis and secretion of ApoE increased in both resident and activated macrophages. Therefore, the synthesis and secretion of ApoE may serve as markers for the functional state of macrophages. PMID- 6619737 TI - A reliable and quick radial thin layer chromatographic method for the diagnosis of mono- and disaccharide disorders. AB - The authors propose a radial thin layer chromatographic method for the separation of mono- and disaccharides, which shows better resolution, and is more sensitive (0.25 microgram for glucose) and less time-consuming (20 min) than the linear technique. Moreover, the procedures used for the detection of sugars and their dansyl-derivatives (staining with naphthoresorcinol and fluorescence of the dansyl-hydrazones) make the identification more specific and reliable. This simple method is quite suitable for the analysis of biological samples (urine, faeces) and the diagnosis of metabolic disorders in children. PMID- 6619738 TI - Further studies on the effect of niridazole on urinary and biliary excretion of copper. AB - Administration of niridazole to rats poisoned with copper caused a significant increase in both the urinary and biliary excretion of the metal. Although the urinary excretion of iron was increased by the drug, iron excretion was significantly decreased during the drug-induced excretion of copper after copper poisoning. Formation of a copper-niridazole chelate or chelates before excretion in the bile or urine may explain these findings. Polarity and molecular weights of the metal-drug chelates formed in vivo may be the directing forces not only in the selection of the metal for chelation, but also for its urinary or biliary excretion. The laboratory preparation of two copper-niridazole complexes lends support to these conclusions. PMID- 6619739 TI - Laser nephelometric determination of glycosaminoglycans--method and application. AB - Light scattering due to the formation of insoluble complexes between the long chain quaternary ammonium salt N-cetylpyridinium chloride and glycosaminoglycans was utilized for a relative simple, sensitive and precise determination of total and specific types of glycosaminoglycans by laser nephelometry. The addition of the ammonium salt to solutions of various glycosaminoglycans in 0.03 mol/l NaCl produces a time-dependent increase in light scattering, which reaches a maximum between 14 and 18 h of complex formation, irrespective of the type of glycosaminoglycan studied. Only keratan sulphate does not generate light scattering, and is therefore not detectable by the procedure. The scattering of laser light by certain types of sulphated glycosaminoglycans (e.g. heparan sulphate, heparin) depends more on the degree of sulphation (charge density) than on chain length within a certain range. Optimum light scattering was found at 28 mmol/l N-cetylpyridinium chloride and at a ionic strength around 0.03 mol/l NaCl. The detection limits and linear ranges of the individual glycosaminoglycans were evaluated. For the determination of chondroitin sulphate, laser nephelometry is at least 8 times more sensitive and much more simple than the modified carbazole method (glucuronic acid). The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation are about 4% and 7%, respectively. Laser nephelometry is much more sensitive than turbidimetry. Complex synthetic mixtures of glycosaminoglycans and biological fluids were accurately differentiated by successive chemical and enzymatic degradation of the respective glycosaminoglycans followed by the measurement of the resulting reduction of laser light scattering. In synovial fluids from non-inflammatory joint diseases, light scattering (units/ml) was about 4.5 times higher than in synovial fluids from inflammatory articular lesions. In both pathologic conditions nearly all of the light scattering can be attributed to hyaluronic acid. PMID- 6619740 TI - A comparative study of five different methods for the determination of 3-methoxy 4-hydroxymandelic acid in urine. AB - Five different methods for the determination of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (vanilmandelic acid, VMA) in urine were compared: a GLC-FID catecholamine metabolite profiling method, an HPLC method with electrochemical detection, the method of Pisano et al. [1962) Clin. Chim. Acta 7, 285-291), a one dimensional paper chromatographic method with diazotized p-nitroaniline staining and the commercially available Bio-Rad VMA by Column Test. The comparison consisted of an imprecision study, a linearity check, a recovery study, a split sample comparison and an interference study. The best results of the imprecision study (n = 8) were found with the Bio-Rad and the HPLC method (within-run imprecision had a coefficient of variation (CV) of 5.1% and 1.4%; between-days CV of 5.9% and 6.0% respectively for values of 32.4 mumol/l and 24.5 mumol/l). The Pisano method had the poorest within-run CV (14.6%) and between-days CV (16.8%) for a value of 23.2 mumol/l. All methods showed good linearity. The mean recovery of the HPLC method was 101.3%; the mean recovery of the other four methods ranged from 93.9%-96.0%. The split sample comparison showed that the accuracy of the HPLC, the GLC and the Pisano method is comparable. The accuracy of the paper chromatographic method and the Bio-Rad method had a positive bias compared with the HPLC method. Especially the positive bias of the Bio-Rad method can be very large. The HPLC method was not influenced by the compounds tested in the interference study, whereas the GLC method in some cases only suffered from overloading problems. The Pisano and the Bio-Rad method were most influenced by the interfering compounds tested. We conclude that the HPLC and the GLC methods are superior to the other three VMA methods. From an analytical point of view HPLC is the method of choice for determining 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid in urine. PMID- 6619742 TI - Influence of colipase on the turbidimetric determination of pancreatic lipase catalytic activity. AB - The influence of colipase on the turbidimetric measurement of the catalytic activity of pure human pancreatic lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) and of sera from pancreatitis patients was studied. A deoxycholate-stabilized triolein emulsion served as substrate. It was found that the activity of the pure, colipase-free lipase is strongly inhibited by deoxycholate, and can be blocked completely if normal serum, pure human albumin, or the globulin fraction of normal serum is present. The inhibition by serum is competitive. This finding largely excludes the existence of a specific lipase inhibitor in human serum and explains the non linear response of activity to the amount of serum added, a frequently observed problem with various turbidimetric lipase methods. A high molar excess of colipase (greater than 250-fold) completely abolishes the inhibition of lipase, irrespective of the inhibitory factor studied. Sera of pancreatitis patients, when measured turbidimetrically without addition of colipase, exhibit elevated lipase activity only if they contain colipase. However, the activity measured is not a function of the serum lipase concentration alone but of the molar ratio of colipase to lipase. Since this ratio varies considerably and is usually too low to ensure complete activation of lipase, erroneously low or even false negative results are obtained. For this reason it is strongly recommended that an excess of colipase is used in turbidimetric lipase assays. It therefore also appears important to study the influence of the serum colipase level on non-turbidimetric lipase methods. PMID- 6619741 TI - Studies on the interference by haemoglobin in the determination of bilirubin. AB - Haemoglobin interference in the determination of bilirubin was compared in 7 different methods using the Jendrassik-Grof procedure, the Jendrassik-Grof Nosslin modification, and the more recent procedures using nitrophenyldiazonium, 2,5-dichlorophenyldiazonium, 2,4-dichloraniline, and a direct reading method. To a variable degree, haemoglobin decreased the apparent absorption of the reaction product in all procedures. The extent of this decrease depended on the reagent used, the wavelength, incubation time, bilirubin concentration and the type of blank used. In an attempt to elucidate the mechanism of interference, haemoglobin was found to destroy the bilirubin diazo-compound whereas haemoglobin was ineffective. Likewise, storage of haemolytic samples for several days led to a disappearance of haemoglobin. H2O2, which had no effect in the absence of haemoglobin, potentiated the action of haemoglobin on diazobilirubin coupling. From our observations it can be concluded that haemoglobin disturbs the diazo bilirubin reaction by a dual mechanism. H2O2, formed from oxyhaemoglobin by autoxidation, destroys the diazo bilirubin colour. In accordance with this explanation, potassium iodide stabilized the diazo compound against the peroxidative effect of oxyhaemoglobin; stabilization was not effective with superoxide dismutase, mannitol or ascorbate. PMID- 6619743 TI - Physiochemical studies on indocyanine green: molar lineic absorbance, pH tolerance, activation energy and rate of decay in various solvents. AB - Physiochemical studies were carried out on the tricarbocyanine dye indocyanine green in biological fluids and organic solvents. The molar lineic absorbance epsilon of the compound was highest in organic solvents (methanol, 1.2 propanediol, dimethylformamide) and bile, but lowest in water and duodenal fluid. Indocyanine green remained stable in methanol and bile (t1/2 greater than 1 year) but was rapidly decomposed to a colourless derivative in duodenal fluid and distilled water (t1/2 3.6 days and 1.4 days, respectively). It was thermostable (120 degrees C) in methanol and 1.2-propanediol but thermolabile in water and dimethylformamide where the activation energy for the decomposition reaction was low. At ambient temperature (20 degrees C) indocyanine green was particularly labile at pH less than 5 and pH greater than 11. The rate of decay of indocyanine green in various solvents indicated that the rate limiting step in the decay process was either a first or zero order reaction. PMID- 6619744 TI - Separation of apolipoproteins of human very low density lipoproteins by chromatofocusing. AB - Chromatofocusing represents a new chromatographic procedure for the separation of proteins according to their isoelectric points. We describe the application of this method for the fractionation of the urea-soluble apolipoproteins of very low density lipoproteins. They were separated into five peaks, four of which were homogeneous as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of 7 mol/l urea. PMID- 6619745 TI - Family practice and the gatekeeper role. PMID- 6619746 TI - Routine screening for gestational diabetes mellitus in a family practice center. AB - In the past women were evaluated for gestational diabetes only if certain historical risk factors were present; recently, the Family Practice Department at West Virginia University began screening all pregnant women. Sixteen of 50 women tested had an abnormal screening test. Of these, 15 had oral glucose tolerance testing, which led to three having a diagnosis of gestational diabetes. The universal screening was found to be more sensitive in finding cases of gestational diabetes, while the average cost per patient for glucose testing was increased by less than $2. PMID- 6619747 TI - Compliance characteristics of 291 hypertensive patients from a rural midwest area. AB - Patient compliance with treatment regimens has been a concern of both researchers and clinicians. Research studies on compliance have generally originated in large city clinics and teaching institutions. The results paint a dismal picture. The question is, are the compliance percentages found in the literature applicable to the hypertensive population in the semirural Midwest who receive long-term care from their family physician? This study was carried out in the practices of seven midwestern family physicians. The 291 patients in the study had a mean compliance percentage of 87 percent. By-product data indicate that outcome results were good. Research on compliance traditionally has conceived of the problem in large part as one of defective behavior by both the patient and the health care system. The physician-patient relationship in a family practice should contribute to better medication compliance. In this study semirural patients with hypertension who receive continuing care from their family physician had better compliance than national figures suggest it should have been. PMID- 6619748 TI - Treatment of obesity in three rural primary care practices. AB - The experience of three rural primary care practices in treating obesity is described. Treatment alternatives utilized include behavior modification with a balanced deficit diet, use of the protein-sparing modified fast in a group setting, and use of this technique in conjunction with behavior modification on an individual basis. The results of these three case studies are evaluated by an index approach as well as the traditional mean pounds lost. Although treatment of obesity is often avoided because of reported low success rates, this study demonstrates that a family physician has more success than previously reported, with one of the sites showing maintenance of weight loss in 84 percent of a selected group of its patients. PMID- 6619749 TI - Characteristics of patients seeking family-oriented care. AB - A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 570 adult patients at three family practice centers to identify the demographic characteristics of those whose entire household was cared for at the same facility. Two of the three centers were free-standing community-based ambulatory care sites, and the third was situated adjacent to a community hospital. Although 95 percent of respondents considered the family practice center their usual source of care, only 54 percent sought care for every household member. Among this latter group, marital status (divorced patients) and race (white) were shown to be a significant determinants of health care utilization by families. The implications of these findings are discussed with recommendations for further research to better define the characteristics and expectations of the population served by family physicians. PMID- 6619750 TI - Primary care gatekeepers in HMOs. AB - The most pressing issue in health care delivery today is inflationary cost increases. The gatekeeping role of primary care physicians, particularly family physicians, may lower health care costs through a more judicious use of specialty referrals, expensive tests, and hospitalization. The study of such an impact is most readily carried out in the practice setting of health maintenance organizations (HMOs), where there is a defined patient population. Incomplete data and lack of sensitive indicators of the gatekeeping effect are limitations of this preliminary study. The results show, however, that the internal organization of an HMO does not influence hospital and ambulatory care utilization rates, with the exception that HMOs staffed by a group of salaried physicians (staff HMOs) reported higher ambulatory care utilization. No significant differences were demonstrated in hospital or ambulatory care utilization rates among the HMOs using more primary care physicians or family physicians than others. The results indicate that ambulatory care utilization rates are proportional to the number of physicians per 1,000 members. The results also suggest that there may be an inverse relationship between hospital utilization rates and the number of primary care physicians, especially if they are family physicians. Further studies need more specific indicators to evaluate the effect of the gatekeeping role in health care delivery. PMID- 6619751 TI - Cross-cultural family medicine residency training. AB - Over the past four years the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), Family Medicine Residency Program has developed a cross-cultural training program. The goal of the program is to prepare residents to function as effective health care providers in medically underserved areas with ethnically diverse patient populations. The required training activities include (1) a Spanish language course, (2) a clinical rotation in a community health clinic serving a Hispanic, medically underserved population, (3) a preceptorship in home-based health education and counseling for Spanish-speaking families, and (4) a set of cross cultural sensitivity training activities that are part of the Residency Behavioral Science Program. The UCSD Cross-Cultural Family Medicine Training Program is described here as a prototype for consideration by other family medicine residency programs. PMID- 6619752 TI - Family physicians in university hospital intensive care units. AB - Although physicians in most family practice residency programs hospitalize their patients at community hospitals, those in 21 programs in the United States hospitalize patients exclusively at university hospitals. Through a questionnaire mailed to directors of each of these programs, it was learned that family practice residency faculty have medical intensive care (ICU) privileges at 38 percent of these university hospitals. No family physicians had ever been denied ICU privileges at any of these hospitals. Mandatory consultations were reported by only a minority of programs. At 62 percent of these university hospitals, family physicians do not have ICU privileges. However, no family physician had every made a formal application for them. Intensive care patients at these hospitals were generally cared for by specialists and house staff in internal medicine or critical care. PMID- 6619753 TI - Lateral Sims' deliveries: a new application for an old technique. AB - The left lateral Sims' position is a time-honored but neglected childbirth position. Increasing use of bed deliveries as a part of natural childbirth in birthing rooms makes side deliveries attractive, since the perineum is better visualized and the obstetrician has greater freedom of movement. Impeding widespread adoption of the lateral Sims' position is a lack of experienced personnel to teach the procedure and a lack of suitable descriptions and depictions in the literature. This paper presents the advantages and problems of using this position and provides a detailed description of the technique for those interested in incorporating it into their practices. PMID- 6619754 TI - The genogram as an aid to diagnosis of distal renal tubular acidosis. PMID- 6619755 TI - Teaching family practice residents to identify and treat battered women. PMID- 6619757 TI - The computer and the family medicine resident. PMID- 6619756 TI - The rural preceptorship as a factor in the residency selection: the Nebraska experience. PMID- 6619758 TI - Family medicine and the poor. PMID- 6619759 TI - Cellular aspects of allograft rejection in marine sponges of the genus Polymastia. AB - Allograft rejection processes of two taxonomically related sponge species, Polymastia robusta and Polymastia mamillaris, have been studied at the cellular level. Grafts in parabiosis have been made by pairing papillae. They were investigated using histology and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In Polymatia robusta, allografts undergo progressive rejection with adhesion. A few days after grafting, archaeocytes and collencytes migrate toward the zone of contact and fall into line on either side of this zone. The narrow space which separates the grafted papillae is progressively filled up with collagen fibers thanks to which the parabionts are firmly held together. Allografts of Polymastia mamillaris never fuse to each other; the specimens are completely and directly rejected. In this species, the cell migration to the zone of contact is not followed by their alignment nor by deposition of a collagen layer. Autografts made in similar conditions succeed in all cases in both species. These experiments demonstrate for the first time that sponges, even taxonomically closely related, may develop different but defined processes of rejection. PMID- 6619760 TI - Electron microscopic observations on sperm entry into eggs of the rose bitterling, Rhodeus ocellatus. AB - Morphological studies on gametes and sperm entry into the egg of Rhodeus ocellatus were conducted using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The spermatozoon has has a round head, a mitochondrion, and a flagellum but no acrosomal structure. The egg is enclosed in a chorion that has a micropyle at the animal pole. After a spermatozoon attaches to the well-developed microvilli of the egg surface facing the micropyle, it is covered by the microvilli and incorporated into the egg cytoplasm with membrane fusion occurring between gametes. The egg cytoplasm just beneath the micropyle swelled a little while incorporating the spermatozoon and promptly plugged the micropyle. The nuclear envelope of the spermatozoon disappeared first at the apical region of the head and then progressed posteriorly through a process of vesiculation. The nucleus of the sperm head at once initiated decondensation upon incorporation through the effects of the egg cytoplasm. The mechanism of block to polyspermy in Rhodeus eggs is discussed. PMID- 6619761 TI - Changes in polyamine content during limb regeneration in adult Xenopus laevis. AB - Polyamine contents in the regenerates were determined at various stages after amputation of the forelimbs of the adult female Xenopus laevis. Putrescine, spermidine, spermine, and sym-homospermidine were detected in all the specimens examined. Cadaverine was detected only in a limited number of samples. At 5 days after amputation of forelimbs, well before the formation of regenerates, the putrescine content in the stump tissues increased, followed by the increase in spermidine content. The putrescine level in the forelimb regenerates was highest between 30 and 50 days after amputation, and then decreased. The spermidine concentration in the regenerates was about 20 times greater than that in intact forelimbs all throughout the experiments. The concentration of spermine was initially lower than that of both putrescine and spermidine and further decreased soon after amputation. The concentration of sym-homospermidine was originally very low and increased slightly during regeneration. The significance of these results, with respect to the function of polyamines in forelimb regeneration of Xenopus laevis, is discussed. PMID- 6619762 TI - Detection of differences in surface carbohydrates of unfertilized and fertilized golden hamster eggs using potato agglutinin. AB - Changes in the surface carbohydrate moieties of zonae pellucidae and naked vitelli isolated from unfertilized and fertilized hamster eggs were examined through potato agglutinin (STA)-mediated agglutination and binding of FITC-STA as a marker. The results indicated that the stereochemical properties of the saccharide residues within STA-binding sites on the outer surface of the zona pellucida, inner region of the zona pellucida, and the surface of the ooplasmic membrane were different in unfertilized and fertilized eggs, that part of the differences between the two kinds of eggs could be visualized with FITC-STA and that, on the basis of these data, if we use STA as a probe to analyze the surface change following fertilization, we may be able to analyze these changes to a substantial degree. PMID- 6619763 TI - Ascidian one-half embryos can develop into functional adult ascidians. AB - Although adult ascidians have remarkable regenerative potency, the ascidian egg is considered a typical "mosaic" egg. A single blastomere isolated at the two cell stage develops into a half tadpole with minor or major defects, and this rigidity of ascidian development is known to depend on the localization of cytoplasmic determinants. Between the egg and adult, the ascidian larva has a dual nature consisting of differentiated cells for larval activities and undifferentiated cells that later become differentiated and function in the adult. Although ascidian larvae derived from a hemiembryo are deficient, no one has yet investigated the possibility that the adult might have regulative powers not present in the embryo and might be able to form an entire adult ascidian. Using Styela plicata, we have approached this problem. We report here for the first time that ascidian half embryos can form tadpoles that have the potency to hatch, metamorphose, and develop into functional ascidians. PMID- 6619765 TI - Adaptations for reflection of bioluminescent light in the gas bladder of Leiognathus equulus (Perciformes: Leiognathidae). AB - The gas bladder of leiognathid fishes functions not only in buoyancy but also in reflection of bioluminescent light from the circumesophageal light organ. Purine distribution, quality (guanine/hypoxanthine ratio), and concentration, as the basis for reflectivity, were assayed enzymatically for different portions of the gas bladder lining of the common leiognathid, Leiognathus equulus (Forskal). For highly reflective areas, the percentage of tissue wet mass and dry mass represented by purine was also determined. The results indicate that total purine content in the reflective areas of the leiognathid bladder was significantly higher than values determined for other similar, shallow water fishes; instead, purine content in these reflective areas was similar to that known for very deep dwelling fishes, in which heavy purine deposition is correlated with high pressures and high oxygen concentrations in the bladder. In addition, the results show that differential purine distribution within the bladder correlates strikingly with the path of bioluminescent light. The dorsal bladder lining, the primary site of incident luminescence, had extremely high purine concentrations (averaging 2.80 mg/cm2), whereas the secondary reflective surfaces, the lateral (1.81 mg/cm2) and ventral (1.22 mg/cm2), portions, although high in purine content, had concentrations significantly lower than the dorsum. Areas through which light is transmitted, the light organ-bladder interface (0.09 mg/cm2) and the posterior region (0.19 mg/cm2), were greatly reduced in purine content. The enhancement of purine in the reflective portions of the bladder and the correlation of the differential distribution of purines with the path of light indicate that the L. equulus gas bladder is exquisitely adapted to function as a reflector of bioluminescent light. PMID- 6619764 TI - Progesterone induces incubatory changes in the brooding pouch of the frog Gastrotheca riobambae (Fowler). AB - Progesterone induces closure, vascularization, and the formation of embryonic chambers around inert beads in the brooding pouch of the frog Gastrotheca riobambae (Fowler). These changes of the pouch resemble those occurring during normal reproduction. In contrast to progesterone, human chorionic gonadotropin induces pouch closure only in females with large ovaries. The results suggest that pituitary gonadotropin indirectly induces the incubatory changes of the pouch by stimulating the secretion of a progesterone-like hormone from the ovary. PMID- 6619766 TI - Immediate and delayed effects of vincristine administered during early postimplantation stages of murine embryogenesis. AB - Vincristine was given to pregnant mice on day 7 1/2 of pregnancy and the teratogenic effects of this treatment were assessed 2 and 3 days thereafter. Most of the embryos in litters removed on day 9 1/2 of pregnancy (2 days after treatment) were morphologically normal, whereas on day 10 1/2 most embryos were either developmentally retarded by the treatment or malformed. The morphologically "normal" embryos removed on day 9 1/2 of pregnancy were cultured in vitro for 24 h. During this procedure more than 50% of them showed growth retardation or abnormal development. These data indicate that exposure of early postimplantation embryos to vincristine has an immediate teratogenic and embryocidal action, and also a delayed effect which becomes apparent only several days after exposure and following an ostensibly "normal" period of embryonic development. PMID- 6619767 TI - Unusual glucose phosphate isomerase isozyme patterns in lymphocytes from two C57BL/6J in equilibrium A/J allophenic mice. AB - Analysis of C57BL/6J in equilibrium A/J allophenic mice for their lymphocyte composition, using H-2 antigens as external markers, and glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) isozymes as internal markers, has led to the discovery of two unusual mice. Both mice showed heterodimers of GPI isozymes upon electrophoresis of the lymphocyte lysate. Specific anti-H-2 antisera confirmed that the cells of the mice were of C57BL/6J and A/J origin, as expected, but that the "A/J" cells seemed to behave as F1 hybrids containing the Gpi-1a and Gpi-1b alleles. Possible origins of the Gpi-1b allele in the "A/J" cells are discussed. PMID- 6619768 TI - Dynamics of pigment pattern formation in the zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio. III. Effect of anteroposterior location of three-day lateral line melanophores on colonization by the second wave of melanophores. AB - The mode of colonization of the lateral line melanophore band of the zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio, by the second wave of melanophores has been investigated. This stripe forms in two consecutive stages. First, there is an initial migration and reorientation of pigment cells in an anteroposterior wave into the site to form an interrupted stripe. Following this, a round of melanophores differentiates directly at the site and fills in the gaps between the initial cells. An analysis of the distributions of initial and second wave melanophores along the stripe site has shown that both groups of cells are selective as to localization. Initial wave melanophores colonize more anterior somite areas than do second wave melanophores. However, both groups of cells exhibit preferential colonization of the same anterior sites. It is suggested that second wave melanophores attempt to colonize the same somite areas of the stripe as the initial wave of melanophores but are forced to move to more posterior locations due to the presence of initial wave melanophores anteriorly. Observations were also made on later stages of development of the lateral line melanophore band. These melanophores retain the ability to migrate. Some of them reorient out onto the flank and contribute to the juvenile flank pigment pattern. PMID- 6619769 TI - Melanophores of Zacco temmincki (Teleostei) are light sensitive. AB - The responses of melanophores of a cyprinid fish Zacco temmincki to changes in illumination were examined in isolated scale preparations of the adult fishes. Melanosomes in the melanophores aggregated in darkness and dispersed in light. These responses were invariably induced, even in denervated melanophores. These light responses, the dark-induced aggregation and the light-induced dispersion, were not affected by a number of alpha and beta adrenergic blocking agents. It was concluded that the melanophores of Zacco temmincki were themselves light sensitive and responded directly to light by melanosome translocations. The light responses were quantitatively assessed in relation to the intensity of illumination. PMID- 6619770 TI - Correlation of increased intraacrosomal pH with the hamster sperm acrosome reaction. AB - This study describes investigations of the importance of intraacrosomal pH in the hamster sperm acrosome reaction (AR). Washed cauda epididymal sperm were capacitated in vitro in a medium containing 2 mM Ca2+, 144 mM Na+, and 3 mM K+. Such sperm underwent a significant increase in the number of AR within 10 min after the addition of the Mg2+-ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase) inhibitors DCCD (20 microM) or NBD-Cl (10 microM) or the proton ionophore FCCP (6 micrograms/ml) at 3.5 hr of incubation or after addition of HN4Cl (3 mM) at 4 hr of incubation. Addition of the mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor rotenone (2.5 microM) at 3.5 hr or of NaCl (3 mM) or KCl (3 mM) at 4 hr did not stimulate AR over control levels, suggesting that the stimulation of AR by the other compounds was not directly due to depletion of acrosomal adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or alteration of the acrosomal transmembrane potential. The AR also was not stimulated by either DCCD or FCCP added prior to 3 hr of incubation of sperm, whereas both compounds were increasingly effective at stimulating AR with increasing length of preincubation of sperm before the addition of the test compounds. The intraacrosomal pH of sperm incubated in low [K+] (0.6-0.9 mM) for 3.5 hr rose by at least one pH unit (as measured with the fluorescent dye 9 aminoacridine) within 15-30 min after raising extracellular [K+] to 4.2-4.5 mM. The pH rise occurred even in the presence of the Ca2+-chelator EGTA (2 mM). Either FCCP (8 micrograms/ml) or DCCD (20 microM), but not rotenone (2.5 microM), plus K+ (3.6 mM), raised the intraacrosomal pH of sperm incubated for 3 hr in low [K+] within 10 min after addition. No pH rise occurred in the absence of additional K+. These results demonstrate that the intraacrosomal pH of the hamster sperm becomes more alkaline in a process not requiring high concentrations of external Ca2+, but requiring K+. The results of this and previous studies lead us to suggest here that the intraacrosomal pH rise may be mediated via a change in K+ and H+ permeability of sperm head membranes, which allows K+ influx and H+ efflux, and via inhibition of an acrosomal Mg2+-ATPase proton pump. We propose that the permeability changes and the consequent alkalinization of the acrosomal interior are important steps in late capacitation and/or the mammalian AR. PMID- 6619771 TI - The incorporation of unsaturated fatty acids of the n-9, n-6, and n-3 families into individual phospholipids by isolated hepatocytes of thermally-acclimated rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. AB - Rates of incorporation of 1-14C-oleic (18:1n9), -linoleic (18:2n6), and linolenic (18:3n3) acids into individual phosphatides were determined in isolated hepatocytes from cold (5 degrees C)- and warm (20 degrees C)-acclimated rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. Fatty acid incorporation into phosphatidylcholine (PC) exceeded that into all other phospholipids, but at assay and acclimation temperatures of 5 degrees C, incorporation into phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was generally intermediate between that of PC and the remaining phosphatides. Specific radioactivities (ratios of percentage isotope incorporation-to-mole percentage of phosphatide) were consistently less than one for both PC and PE, and greater than one for phosphatidic acid (PA), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), phosphatidylserine (PS), and cardiolipin (CL). For PS, specific radioactivities were greater in cold- than warm-acclimated trout, and greater at 5 degrees C than 20 degrees C. Rates of oleate incorporation were generally higher, and rates of incorporation of 18:2 and 18:3 lower in cold- than warm-acclimated trout. Most phospholipids demonstrated a clear preference for the incorporation of 18:2 when assayed at 20 degrees C; however, at 5 degrees C the incorporation of 18:2 was reduced and 18:3 was generally the preferred substrate. A reduction in assay temperature from 20 degrees C to 5 degrees C also shifted the incorporation of 18:2 away from PC into PS and PA. These data were interpreted to indicate 1) a cold-induced activation of PS metabolism, possibly resulting in elevated levels of PE; 2) lower rates of general acyl group turnover in animals acclimated to 5 degrees C than 20 degrees C; 3) a specificity to the acclimation response that favors the incorporation at cold temperatures of polyunsaturated fatty acids, but not the parent acids from which they are derived; and 4) the participation of a deacylation-reacylation cycle in the metabolism of phospholipids, particularly at cold temperatures. PMID- 6619772 TI - Role of progesterone on oocyte maturation in the egg-brooding hylid frog Gastrotheca riobambae (Fowler). AB - In the egg-brooding frog Gastrotheca riobambae (Fowler), oocyte maturation is comparable to the situation of other frog species. In isolated follicles, progesterone induces only germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), while human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) induces GVBD and ovulation. In addition, defolliculated oocytes respond with GVBD to the treatment with progesterone, while hCG has no effect. As in other frogs, oocyte maturation in vitro depends on hormonal action and on the presence of divalent cations. In this frog, progesterone or a similar hormone conditions the brooding pouch for reproduction and induces pouch closure. Follicles from frogs with closed pouches showed GVBD after 15-17 hours of incubation with progesterone, while those from frogs with open pouches took 19-24 hours for GVBD. These findings suggest that follicles become stimulated for maturation when the pouch is closed and that this stimulated condition is maintained for several weeks in advance of the process of oocyte maturation. In G. riobambae, the external appearance of the pouch aperture indicates the reproductive condition of the ovary. PMID- 6619774 TI - Discussion of "minimal velocities necessary for perforation of skin by air gun pellets and bullets". PMID- 6619773 TI - The relationship between motility and the FITC-BSA binding properties of mouse epididymal spermatozoa. AB - Mouse epididymal spermatozoa exposed to fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA) immediately following dilution or after a 2-hour incubation period under fertilization conditions, were assessed by fluorescence microscopy for albumin adsorption. Motile spermatozoa exhibited light fluorescence in the midpiece and tail but not in the head. In contrast the majority of nonmotile spermatozoa displayed a strong and characteristic fluorescence in the post acrosomal region of the sperm head as well as the midpiece. Spermatozoa immobilised by short-term heat stress exhibited fluorescence in the post acrosomal region and midpiece as before but also in the acrosomal cap. The equatorial region failed to fluoresce. The significance of these observations on the involvement of albumin in capacitation is discussed. PMID- 6619775 TI - Analysis of demographic variables of women evaluated in a forensic psychiatry clinic in 1980 and 1981. PMID- 6619776 TI - Forensic science aspects of fatal sexual assaults on women. AB - The case files of 41 female victims of proven fatal sexual assault were reviewed. They averaged 42 years of age, but a bimodal age distribution was evident. Younger victims (averaging 31 years of age) were most often found in canals, fields, or vacant lots, whereas older women (averaging 51 years of age) were found most often in their residences. Death usually resulted from mechanical asphyxiation, and the use of firearms was infrequent. Various instruments used to harm, restrain, or kill the victim were most often obtained at the scene of death and reflected the emotionality and impulsivity of the incident. Alcohol was found in the blood of 40% of the victims and averaged 0.14%. Ligature bindings, torn clothing, varying degrees of disrobing, and bite marks were not infrequent. The average yearly incidence of fatal sexual assaults on females is calculated to be 0.14/100 000 population in Dade County, FL and has not changed appreciably since 1959. Thus, death resulting from sexual assault was found to be distinctly unusual. Black victims were represented more frequently than their racial distribution in this community. The scene and autopsy findings of the average female sexual assault victim form a characteristic profile that should direct further investigation on a particular case. PMID- 6619777 TI - The female homicide victim: trends in a metropolitan county from 1969 to 1980. AB - The following paper reviews the case files of the female homicide victims in Cuyahoga County, OH from 1969 through 1980. The victims were most frequently married middle-class women killed by their spouse or boyfriend with a handgun. The event usually followed an altercation and took place in the victims' home. Sexual assault or criminal activity were rarely part of the scenario. The male homicide victims of this time interval were usually killed by an acquaintance or a stranger in a public place, but rarely by their spouse. The female victim's blood alcohol level was significantly lower than her male counterpart's which was between 0.1 and 0.3% (g/100 g). PMID- 6619778 TI - Vitreous humor chemistry in deaths associated with rapid chilling and prolonged freshwater immersion. AB - Vitreous humor chemistry studies were performed on 13 air crash victims who had remained immersed in near-freezing fresh water for seven to eight days. Glucose concentrations were observed to be higher than those in a comparison group of autopsied cases with prolonged postmortem intervals, suggesting that rapid chilling inhibited glycolysis. Evidence of dilution of vitreous humor electrolytes was also noted. After correction for the apparent degree of dilution, the potassium concentrations were found to fall within a narrow range. PMID- 6619779 TI - Death and injury caused by methyl bromide, an insecticide fumigant. AB - Methyl bromide (MeBr) is used as an insecticide fumigant. Four deaths and three recent hospitalizations have resulted from exposures to MeBr in Dade County, FL. Six cases occurred during burglaries of tented houses over a nine-month period. In four lethal exposures, the symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and malaise preceded fulminant respiratory failure. Two of these also had seizures, delirium, and agitation. Serum or plasma bromide ion levels ranged from 40 to 583 mg/L. Pulmonary edema, hyaline membranes, and hemorrhagic alveolitis were present at autopsy along with varying degrees of cerebral edema. The nonlethal exposures resulted in symptoms of conjunctival irritation, headache, or nausea. Plasma bromide concentrations varied between 17.5 and 321 mg/L. Methyl bromide characteristics, use, morbidity, and mortality in Florida during the past 25 years are reviewed. Remedies for illegal entry are proposed. PMID- 6619780 TI - A feasibility study of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing for dried bloodstains. AB - This paper constitutes a feasibility report on the use of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system for the typing of dried bloodstains. Antigens tested include the HLA-A2, A3, A10, B7, B8, and B14 alleles. An aging study conducted on A3 positive bloodstains showed that HLA-A3 could be reliably detected on bloodstains stored up to 30 days at 22 degrees C. Unlike most earlier reports on HLA typing of bloodstains, no cross-reactivity problems were detected with the antisera used in this study. In addition to the successful typing of bloodstains, we were also able to type fresh, neat seminal and saliva stains in the A2 and A10 antigenic systems. PMID- 6619781 TI - Forensic neuropsychology: a selective introduction. AB - During the last decade, neuropsychology has emerged as one of the fastest growing disciplines within clinical psychology. One of the most important roles for neuropsychologists is their contribution to the forensic sciences. The present paper reviews how lawyers may best utilize the services of clinical neuropsychologists. Suggestions are also offered to neuropsychologists on how better to meet the needs of lawyers. The following forensic science issues are discussed: the legal framework in which neuropsychologists function; contributions psychologists may make towards answering basic medicolegal questions such as the elucidation of the nature, extent, and duration of head injury sequelae; criteria for acceptable neuropsychological reports; medicolegal aspects of severe head injury, minor head injury (posttraumatic syndrome), and pseudo-head injury (malingering). There are many causes of damage to the nervous system (for example, industrial toxins and medical malpractice) that are eligible for compensation. Examples will be confined to head injury since the basic forensic science principles remain the same, whatever the etiology of such brain damage. PMID- 6619782 TI - Photographic superimposition. AB - The term of photographic superimposition has been applied for a number of techniques in forensic medicine and dentistry. The comparison of an antemortem photograph to that of a skull is one such procedure. Technical information and potential sources of difficulty are discussed. Finally, two cases illustrate the use and misuse of this technique in arriving at a positive identification. PMID- 6619783 TI - Acute, nontraumatic subdural hematoma of arterial origin. AB - A sudden death occurred seven months postpartum caused by an acute subdural hematoma. An arachnoid artery ruptured as a result of a solitary tumor embolus of choriocarcinoma with no residual primary malignancy. PMID- 6619784 TI - Tool mark determination in cartilage of stabbing victim. AB - Striations produced on rib cartilages by a knife were conclusively matched with the individual characteristics of the cutting edge of the knife. This was accomplished using Dip-Pak (cellulose acetate butyrate), Coe-Flex (polysulfide dental impression), and comparison microscopy. An absolute identification was made in which all significant striae matched the individual characteristics of the blade's cutting edge. PMID- 6619785 TI - The occurrence of Japanese trophy skulls in the United States. AB - The skulls of two Japanese soldiers brought back to the United States following World War II suggest that more may be appearing in forensic science cases. Both cases are cranial vaults without faces or lower jaws. One was a fighter pilot. Both skulls have secondary characteristics of "dry house dust" adhering to the bone and have, to some degree, been painted. PMID- 6619786 TI - Blood-injury phobia: a "reasonable excuse" for failing to give a specimen in a case of suspected drunken driving. PMID- 6619787 TI - Testing witnesses' voice recognition: some practical recommendations. PMID- 6619788 TI - Experiences in interpretation with exhumed material illustrated by a single case of morphine intoxication. PMID- 6619789 TI - Nomograms for relating blood and urine alcohol concentrations with quantity of alcohol consumed. PMID- 6619790 TI - Affinity-purified Ulex europaeus lectin: preparation and serological characteristics. PMID- 6619791 TI - A simple thin layer chromatographic identification of choline in human semen. PMID- 6619792 TI - The dependence of slope of handwriting upon the sex and handedness of the writer. PMID- 6619793 TI - The identification of trout and salmon blood on the basis of the enzyme, superoxide dismutase, observed by isoelectric focusing. PMID- 6619794 TI - The role of the laboratory in the investigation of solvent abuse. PMID- 6619795 TI - The investigation of solvent abuse deaths. PMID- 6619796 TI - Forensic handwriting research at Birmingham University. PMID- 6619797 TI - The identification of the precise conditions for seminal acid phosphatase (SAP) and vaginal acid phosphatase (VAP) separation by isoelectric focusing patterns. PMID- 6619798 TI - Depolarizing response of rat parathyroid cells to divalent cations. AB - Membrane potentials were recorded from rat parathyroid glands continuously perfused in vitro. At 1.5 mM external Ca++, the resting potential averages -73 +/ 5 mV (mean +/- SD, n = 66). On exposure to 2.5 mM Ca++, the cells depolarize reversibly to a potential of -34 +/- 8 mV (mean +/- SD). Depolarization to this value is complete in approximately 2-4 min, and repolarization on return to 1.5 mM Ca++ takes about the same time. The depolarizing action of high Ca++ is mimicked by all divalent cations tested, with the following order of effectiveness: Ca++ greater than Sr++ greater than Mg++ greater than Ba++ for alkali-earth metals, and Ca++ greater than Cd++ greater than Mn++ greater than Co++ greater than Zn++ for transition metals. Input resistance in 1.5 mM Ca++ was 24.35 +/- 14 M omega (mean +/- SD) and increased by an average factor of 2.43 +/- 0.8 after switching to 2.5 mM Ca++. The low value of input resistance suggests that cells are coupled by low-resistance junctions. The resting potential in low Ca++ is quite insensitive to removal of external Na+ or Cl-, but very sensitive to changes in external K+. Cells depolarize by 61 mV for a 10-fold increase in external K+. In high Ca++, membrane potential is less sensitive to an increase in external K+ and is unchanged by increasing K+ from 5 to 25 mM. Depolarization evoked by high Ca++ may be slowed, but is unchanged in amplitude by removal of external Na+ or Cl-. Organic (D600) and inorganic (Co++, Cd++, and Mn++) blockers of the Ca++ channels do not interfere with the electrical response to Ca++ changes. Our results show remarkable parallels to previous observations on the control of parathormone (PTH) release by Ca++. They suggest an association between membrane voltage and secretion that is very unusual: parathyroid cells secrete when fully polarized, and secrete less when depolarized. The extraordinary sensitivity of parathyroid cells to divalent cations leads us to hypothesize the existence in their membranes of a divalent cation receptor that controls membrane permeability (possibly to K+) and PTH secretion. PMID- 6619799 TI - Glycerol catabolic enzymes and their regulation in wild-type and mutant strains of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). AB - Assay procedure were developed for a soluble glycerol kinase (apparent Km (glycerol) 9 microM) and a probably membrane-associated, NAD-independent L glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [apparent Km (L-glycerol 3-phosphate) 7 mM] present in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Both enzymes were cold sensitive. They were co-ordinately induced (about 35-fold) by addition of glycerol to cultures growing on arabinose as sole carbon source. Induction was rifampicin sensitive. The dehydrogenase was absent from glycerol-sensitive mutants, and both kinase and dehydrogenase were absent from glycerol non-utilizing (but glycerol-resistant) mutants, demonstrating that the two enzymes are part of the major pathway of glycerol catabolism in S. coelicolor. Circumstantial evidence suggested that their inducer is glycerol 3-phosphate rather than glycerol. The enzymes were subject to co-ordinate repression by various carbon sources, of which glucose exerted the strongest effect (a fivefold repression). Previously described mutants resistant to 2-deoxyglucose, shown here to have very low glucose kinase activity, were defective in glucose repression of the glycerol enzymes. PMID- 6619800 TI - Characterization of the carboxypeptidase involved in the proteolytic cleavage of the influenza haemagglutinin. AB - The arginine carboxypeptidase involved in the proteolytic cleavage of the haemagglutinin of influenza A virus has been analysed by an assay employing a Sepharose-bound peptide containing radioactive arginine as a substrate. The enzyme activity has been extracted from purified virus with non-ionic detergents and has been separated from the haemagglutinin and from the neuraminidase by isoelectric focusing and by affinity chromatography. The carboxypeptidase present in virus grown in different host cells shows variations in its isoelectric point. It can be concluded from these observations that the carboxypeptidase is a host component incorporated into the virus envelope. When the enzyme is inhibited by 2 mercaptomethyl-3-guanidinoethyl-thiopropanoic acid, haemagglutinin with the arginine attached to the carboxy terminus of HA1 can be obtained. The observation that under these conditions the haemagglutinin has retained its haemolytic activity indicates that the carboxypeptidase does not play an essential role in the activation process. PMID- 6619801 TI - Studies on heterotypic interference between influenza A and B viruses: a differential inhibition of the synthesis of viral proteins and RNAs. AB - Mixed infection of MDCK cells with influenza A and influenza B viruses leads to a reduction in the rate of synthesis of haemagglutinin (HA) and nucleoprotein (NP) as compared to their rate of synthesis in cells separately infected with these viruses. The reduction is much stronger for influenza A virus proteins. The synthesis of the nonstructural NS1 protein of both viruses is relatively resistant to the heterotypic interference. The synthesis of virus-specific mRNAs exhibits the same pattern: the formation of the transcripts of HA and NP genes is much more drastically reduced than the synthesis of NS gene transcripts. The effect is strongly dependent on the multiplicity of infection and on the ratio of influenza A and B viruses in the inoculum. Primary transcription in the presence of cycloheximide is almost unchanged in doubly infected cells as compared to single infection, and no indication of differential inhibition has been observed. The results are discussed in connection with the mechanism of heterotypic interference and the regulation of influenza virus protein synthesis. PMID- 6619802 TI - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. V. Proposed structural arrangement of proteins in the virion. AB - Previous work by M.J. Buchmeier and his colleagues and by our group has led to the conclusion that the lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus contains seven distinct structural proteins, which we have named p200, gp85, p77, p63, gp60, gp44, and gp35. Their arrangement in the virion has now been analysed by establishing nearest-neighbour relationships with a homobifunctional crosslinker, by performing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in parallel under reducing and non-reducing conditions, and by determining the proteins that are covalently bound to viral lipids. A hypothetical model of the virion of LCM virus is proposed. Its envelope is assumed to consist of a membranous layer composed of gp60 and lipids and two types of spikes with either gp85 or gp44 as tips and gp35 as bases. The last-mentioned glycoprotein also appears to be complexed with p63, the main protein component of the nucleocapsid, and this in turn was found to be spatially associated with p200. Probably p77 is also an internal component, but a more exact position cannot yet be assigned to this protein. PMID- 6619803 TI - Co-purification of protein kinase activity with the 58 000 Dalton polypeptide coded for by the early 1B region of human adenovirus type 5. AB - Extracts from human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5)-transformed cells were fractionated by ammonium sulphate precipitation, DEAE-Sephacel chromatography and glycerol gradient centrifugation. In all cases, protein kinase activity co-purified with the 58 000 mol. wt. polypeptide (58K) coded for by the early 1B region of Ad5. Kinase activity was also precipitated by an antiserum raised against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the predicted carboxy terminus of 58K. These data suggest that protein kinase activity is associated with 58K, either intrinsically or in an enzyme bound to 58K. PMID- 6619804 TI - Progressive invasion of cell nuclei by measles virus in persistently infected human cells. AB - The distribution of measles virus antigens in an auto-degenerating persistently infected human cell line (AV3A1/MV) was examined by a direct fluorescent antibody technique. The appearance of virus antigens in cell nuclei increased with time and passage number, and correlated to a decrease in cell replication rates and increases in cellular pathology and mortality. Nuclei which had been invaded by virus antigens were frequently swollen and the cells tended to have round rather than cuboidal morphologies. The correlation between cell degeneration and viral nuclear invasion in this system suggests that quantification of viral nuclear invasion may be useful as a pathological marker of relative cell morbidity in persistent measles virus infections. PMID- 6619805 TI - [A case report on a familial incidence of tumors]. PMID- 6619806 TI - Genetic counseling in cancer. PMID- 6619807 TI - Duchenne's muscular dystrophy: carrier detection by muscle ultrasound. PMID- 6619808 TI - [Diagnostic examination and genetic counseling in cases of choanal atresia with multiple malformations (the CHARGE combination)]. PMID- 6619809 TI - [Genetic counseling in a case of resistance to androgens (testicular feminization)]. PMID- 6619810 TI - Introductionary approach to genetic counselling in cancerology. PMID- 6619811 TI - Variation in frequency of natural reinfection with influenza A viruses. AB - To investigate the frequency of natural reinfection with influenza A viruses, 55 children followed from birth along with the 44 other children and 85 adults in their families were observed for varying periods between 1975 and 1981 in the Houston Family Study. Persons infected in 1976 or early 1977 with influenza A subtype H3N2 experienced a high rate of reinfection during the 1977-78 season (63% in one group of young children) and additional reinfections in 1980-81. Persons in whom H3N2 infection was first observed in 1977-78 had little or no reinfection in 1980-81; one reinfection was observed in 1980-81 among 19 young children at risk. Only one reinfection with influenza A subtype H1N1 was observed following introduction of the virus in early 1978 despite exposure in 1978-80 and a substantial outbreak in 1980-81. Statistically significant protection from reinfection in young children followed from birth was not noted for the 1977-78 H3N2 outbreak but was present in 1979-81 for both H3N2 and H1N1 viruses. Reasons for variations in reinfection suggested by this data include 1) socioeconomic and other factors influencing intensity of exposure, 2) age at primary infection, 3) varying degrees of antigenic difference between sequential variants of a major subtype, and 4) unrecognized immunogenicity or virulence differences between subtypes and variants. PMID- 6619812 TI - Subcutaneous administration of inactivated hepatitis B vaccine by automatic jet injection. AB - To assess the feasibility of jet injection for mass immunization against hepatitis B virus, inactivated, alum-adsorbed hepatitis B vaccine (Merck, Sharp, and Dohme Research Laboratories, West Point, PA) was administered subcutaneously by automatic jet injection to 19 volunteers lacking antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs). Three 20-microgram doses were given at 0, 1, and 6 months. Of 19 volunteers, 5 (26%) developed anti-HBs by 1 month after the first injection, and 15 of 19 (79%) were anti-HBs-positive 6 to 8 weeks after the first booster administration. Following the second booster, 16 of 19 (84%) recipients had detectable anti-HBs. Possible systemic reactions were limited to low-grade fever (37.8 degrees C) in one volunteer following one injection, and mild lethargy in a second recipient. Local reactions to jet injection of vaccine occurred more frequently, with indurated, nodular lesions 3-10 mm in diameter developing at the site of 19 of 57 (33%) vaccine injections, compared with 2 of 57 (3%) saline placebo injections. Such nodules were generally painless. Sore arms were noted in 11 of 57 (19%) vaccine injections. With the exception of frequent but minor local reactions, subcutaneous administration of inactivated hepatitis B vaccine by automatic jet injection is safe, and results in vaccine immunogenicity approximating that associated with intramuscular needle injection. PMID- 6619813 TI - Disseminated neonatal echovirus 11 disease following antenatal maternal infection with a virus-positive cervix and virus-negative gastrointestinal tract. AB - An infant girl was born apparently well one week after her mother had had a mild illness with chills, fever, and diarrhea. On the third day of life, the infant became ill and died four days later with necrotizing hepatitis. On the same day, echovirus type 11 was recovered from the throat, rectum, and buffy coat of the infant and from the cervix of the mother. At this time, the mother had an IgM neutralizing antibody titer to echovirus type 11 and 1:128, but no IgG antibodies. The infant had no echovirus type 11 antibodies. The virus was also isolated from the baby's liver and adrenal at autopsy. These findings raise the possibility of enterovirus infection at delivery from a contaminated cervix. PMID- 6619814 TI - Protection of Lassa virus-infected guinea pigs with Lassa-immune plasma of guinea pig, primate, and human origin. AB - Lassa virus-immune plasma has been used to treat human Lassa fever patients; however, criteria for plasma selection were based arbitrarily on available serologic tools and protective efficacy was never directly assessed. To test the validity of plasma therapy for Lassa virus infections in an animal model, and to develop biologically relevant criteria for selection of protective immune plasma, inbred, strain 13 guinea pigs were infected with a lethal dose of Lassa virus and treated with various Lassa-immune plasmas obtained from guinea pigs, primates, and convalescent human patients. Neutralizing antibody titers were determined in a virus dilution, plaque reduction test, and were expressed as a log10 plaque forming units (PFU) neutralization index (LNI). All guinea pigs treated with immune plasma 6 ml/kg/treatment on days 0, 3, and 6 after virus inoculation were protected, provided the LNI exceeded 2.0. Plasmas obtained from donors in early convalescence (32-45 days) had low titers of N-antibody (LNI less than 2) and failed to confer protection, despite high titers of Lassa antibody measured in the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test. Higher doses of marginally titered plasma conferred increased protection. The degree of protection and suppression of viremia was closely associated with LNI an not IFA titers. Administration of low-titered plasma did not result in immune enhancement. A high dose of human plasma from Liberia (12 ml/kg/treatment) was required to confer complete protection to guinea pigs infected with a Lassa virus strain from Sierra Leone (LNI = 1.6), while a lower dose (3 ml/kg/treatment) was sufficient for protection against a Liberian strain (LNI = 2.8), suggesting that a geographic matching of immune plasma and Lassa virus strain origin may increase treatment success. These studies support the concept of plasma therapy for Lassa infection and suggest that the plaque reduction neutralization test is more appropriate than the IFA test for predicting protective efficacy of passively administered plasma. PMID- 6619815 TI - Bilateral vasoconstrictive differences and body focus. AB - Body focus as a function of an S's cognitive schema has been shown to be associated with bilateral differences in skin conductance. This relationship between body focus and physiological activity has been extended by other investigations studying Raynaud's patients to include bilateral differences in digital temperature. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether these results generalize to a population of normal Ss. Differential digital finger temperatures were recorded for 28 male and 28 female Ss. An association was not found between body focus and bilateral digital temperature differences in the normal Ss. It is concluded that the previous relationship found was the result of the Raynaud's disease or the body focus of a Raynaud's victim. PMID- 6619816 TI - Locus of control and depth of processing in children. AB - A children's locus of control (LOC) measure was administered to 153 sixth-grade students who were subsequently assigned to one of four processing conditions. Groups were instructed to encode a word list semantically, acoustically, orthographically, or any way the S wished and to retain them for a later recognition test. Criterion variables included total number of words correctly recognized as well as four varieties of distractor choices. Support was provided for the contention that externals tend to encode stimuli in more superficial ways than do internals, although the amount of variance in recognition memory accounted for by the LOC measure was small. Encoding conditions had a marked effect on retention, and false distractor choices appeared to reflect the level at which stimulus words were encoded. PMID- 6619817 TI - Anxiety, cognitive style, and mathematics achievement. AB - This study examined the relationship among state and trait anxiety, cognitive style, and mathematics achievement. The Ss were 50 junior college students enrolled in a mathematics course. The results confirmed the hypothesis that high state anxiety would be associated with poor mathematics achievement; trait anxiety showed no significant relationship to achievement. The need to develop learning aids and strategies to counteract the possible debilitating effects of state anxiety in learning and mathematics assessment was discussed. PMID- 6619818 TI - Parafoveal identification asymmetry in a lateral masking effect. AB - The degree to which the identification of a parafoveally presented letter target was impaired by being flanked by a foveal or peripheral nontarget at a target mask interval of zero, 75, or 150 msec, was examined. Peripheral placement of the nontarget was more disruptive than foveal placement, and this asymmetry was significantly more pronounced at a 75-msec interval than at either of the other two. This finding is consonant with explanations of the asymmetry based on target visibility rather than on criterion or response factors. PMID- 6619819 TI - Phonetic coding in marginally competent readers. AB - Findings from recent studies suggest that children with reading disorders are deficient in coding the phonetic features of letters in memory, and that this deficiency is apparent whether the letters are presented visually or auditorily. The present investigation represents an additional test of the phonetic-deficit hypothesis. Ss in this experiment were 16 children classified as marginally competent readers and 16 children classified as good readers. Their task was to recall rhyming or nonrhyming letter sequences presented either visually or auditorily. Marginal readers showed less evidence of phonetic coding than good readers, whether letter presentations were visual or auditory, as in previous studies. However, analyses carried out separately on the data of each reading group suggest that marginal readers were capable of phonetic coding, at least when letter presentations were auditory. These findings raise the possibility that the phonetic-coding deficiency shown by children who are subaverage readers is not as pervasive as has been suggested previously. PMID- 6619820 TI - Weight and compliance: male-female differences. AB - This investigation examined the willingness of male and female Ss of varying weights (n = 120) to comply with requests for a favor from normal or overweight male and female confederates (n = 4). Results showed both male and female Ss to be less compliant to requests from an overweight than a normal-weight confederate. Overweight Ss were more compliant to normal-weight opposite-sex confederates than to overweight opposite-sex confederates. PMID- 6619821 TI - Post-traumatic stress disorder in Hispanic Vietnam veterans. Clinical phenomenology and sociocultural characteristics. AB - The complex symptomatology of Hispanic Vietnam veterans receiving treatment for post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) was explored with the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule, a structured diagnostic interview that yields current and lifetime operational diagnoses (e.g., DSM-III). Social networks and level of acculturation of these veterans were also examined and compared to those of a "control" group and a sample of veterans with DSM-III schizophrenic disorder (both samples included only Hispanic veterans from the Vietnam and post-Vietnam eras). All subjects reported heavy combat stress and met DSM-III criteria for PTSD. Most were very symptomatic and had significant social impairment. PTSD was rarely seen as a discrete entity but appeared instead mixed with symptom clusters cutting across various DSM-III diagnoses. Social networks of PTSD veterans were intermediate in size, frequency of contact with network members, and network density to those of the comparison groups. A distinctive feature of the PTSD group was the high proportion of negative relationships with close family members, especially spouses. "Highly" symptomatic PTSD veterans reported significantly smaller networks, fewer contacts outside the close family circle, and more negative emotionality directed toward family members than "minimally" symptomatic veterans. While all Hispanic groups studied were not significantly different in level of acculturation, PTSD veterans appeared more alienated from their cultural heritage than the other groups. The severe and polymorphous psychopathology found among these veterans suggests that "rap" groups alone may not constitute an adequate therapeutic approach and that more formal psychiatric therapies should be additionally considered in the management of Vietnam-linked PTSD. PMID- 6619822 TI - Increased effectiveness of substance abuse treatment. A prospective study of patient-treatment "matching". AB - An earlier study retrospectively evaluated the effectiveness of six separate substance abuse treatment programs and generated a set of hypotheses for matching patients to the most appropriate programs. In the present study, these predictors and the matching strategy were tested in a prospective design, using the same treatment programs and a new sample of 130 alcohol- and 256 drug-dependent patients. The new group of patients who were treated in their predicted program (matched patients) were compared with those patients from the same sample who were not treated in their predicted program (mismatched patients). Treatment staff were not apprised of the matching criteria or which patients were matched, thus permitting an experimental test of the predictions. Results indicated superior performance during treatment and an average of 19 per cent better 6 month outcomes for the matched patients than for their mismatched counterparts. The matching effect was seen in both the alcohol- and drug-dependent samples and in all treatment programs. The authors discuss the application of these findings to other types of patients and treatments in substance abuse and other fields of psychiatry. PMID- 6619823 TI - Concurrent validity of the addiction severity index. AB - The concurrent validity of the Addiction Severity Index (ASI), a new scale for assessing a range of clinical dimensions in drug and alcohol abusers, was evaluated in 204 opiate addicts applying for treatment. This study is the first independent validation study of this measure. The ASI subscales were found to have good concurrent validity with self-report measures in the areas of psychological problems, social adjustment problems, legal problems, and employment problems (r = .55 to .39). Drug abuse problems showed limited concurrent validity and medical problems were not concurrently assessed in our study. Addicts with psychiatric diagnoses beyond opiate abuse were effectively identified by the ASI, and depressed addicts were particularly well screened with a sensitivity of 89 per cent and a specificity of 67 per cent. A cluster analysis demonstrated that the six ASI scales could be used to discriminate depressed addicts, antisocial addicts, and addicts without psychiatric disorders. Thus, the ASI was demonstrated to be a potentially important evaluation instrument for opiate addicts. PMID- 6619824 TI - Family denial as a prognostic factor in opiate addict treatment outcome. AB - Opiate addicts living with family members generally have better treatment outcomes than addicts who live alone, but family support for the addict remaining drug-free depends on the family being aware of the addiction. We found that many addicts deny their drug abuse to their families and we hypothesized that these addicts would have poor treatment outcomes, even though they lived with nonaddict family members. To test this hypothesis, four groups of addicts in a naltrexone program were compared: 28 male addicts with their spouses, 27 addicts living with their parents, 23 addicts who denied their drug abuse to the family members with whom they lived, and 28 addicts who lived alone. The first two groups participated in family therapy, and these addicts remained drug-free longer than the other two addict groups (analysis of variance, p less than 0.001). The addicts who denied their drug abuse to their families remained drug-free for significantly less time than those who admitted their drug abuse to their families. Furthermore, addicts who admitted their drug abuse to their spouse, but denied it to their parents, remained drug-free for shorter times than married addicts who also told their parents. Thus, maximum family involvement in treatment including spouses and parents was associated with a better prognosis. PMID- 6619825 TI - Learning to associate names and faces. Impaired acquisition on an ecologically relevant memory task by male alcoholics. AB - The performance of a group of detoxified male chronic alcoholics was compared with that of age-matched nonalcoholic controls on a memory task which at face value seemed relevant to daily life--i.e., learning to associate people's names with their faces. The alcoholics not only made more errors while learning the face-name associations than did the controls, but fewer of them were able to reach the learning criterion. However, 1 hour later, the alcoholics were nevertheless able to recognize all of the faces and names used during acquisition. The savings scores for the alcoholics, an index of the relative number of face-name associations retained during the 1-hour interval, did not differ significantly from those of the controls. These results demonstrate that the alcoholics' paired-associate learning deficit on this ecologically relevant task is related to their failure to form associations rather than to deficiencies in recognition memory or perceptual processes. PMID- 6619826 TI - Differential epileptogenic potentials of selective mu and delta opiate receptor agonists. AB - By using electroencephalographic (EEG) and electromyographic recordings in anaesthetized and free-moving rats, two opioid peptides, known as selective agonists for mu and delta opiate receptors, respectively, were examined for their epileptogenic properties. The delta receptor peptide (DSTLE, 4.6-18.6 nmol, intraventricularly, ivt), a putative delta opiate agonist, produced a dose related increase of myoclonic contractions (MC) with epileptic discharges in anaesthetized rats and severe wet dog shakes, with occasionally falling down, in free-moving animals. Morphiceptin, a specific mu opiate agonist, used in equimolar doses and under the same experimental conditions, had a significantly less pronounced effect on the number of MC and epileptiform EEG phenomena. Similarly, DSTLE (18.6 nmol) injected in the CA2 area of the hippocampus, a region with a nearly equal distribution of mu and delta opiate receptors, induced epileptic discharges in anaesthetized and free-moving rats, while an equimolar dose of morphiceptin had no significant effect. It is suggested that the epileptiform activity of opioid peptides is mainly due to an activation of delta opiate receptors in the central nervous system. PMID- 6619827 TI - Influence of testosterone on protein/peptide secretion as characterized by the formation of granular vesicles in rat and mouse pinealocytes. An in vitro study. AB - In the present study, using an in vitro system, the effect of testosterone on protein/peptide secretion in mouse and rat pinealocytes as characterized by the formation of granular vesicles (GV) has been studied. In both species testosterone induces a significant increase in the number of GV. This effect, however, is observed only when the pineals are cultured in a noradrenaline-free medium. These results clearly demonstrate that testosterone, at least under these in vitro conditions, is involved in the regulation of protein/peptide secretion, and point to the importance of pineal proteic/peptidic "hormones" in pineal endocrinology. PMID- 6619828 TI - Chronic haloperidol and adrenergic receptor sensitivity in the rat. AB - Rats were administered haloperidol (3-4 mg/kg/day) in their drinking water for 42 days, and experiments conducted on the seventh day of withdrawal. Anaesthetized haloperidol treated rats exhibited a similar mean blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) response to control rats when challenged with phenylephrine (IV). When similarly pretreated rats were challenged with one of four possible doses of clonidine (IV), haloperidol treated rats were less sensitive than control rats to clonidine's hypertensive action, but there were no effects of treatment on the hypotensive (BP) effect of clonidine nor on its bradycardic effect. When one of six possible doses of tyramine was administered a similar mean BP response was seen in both treatment groups, but the positive HR response in the haloperidol treated group was much less than in the vehicle-treated group. Atria isolated from haloperidol treated or control rats revealed a similar chronotropic response to noradrenaline and tyramine challenge. These data indicate that chronic haloperidol does not cause a generalized change in alpha-adrenergic receptor sensitivity. Nevertheless, it is clear that haloperidol has produced changes in the cardiovascular response of rats to these drugs. PMID- 6619829 TI - The comparative roles of dopaminergic and serotonergic mechanisms in mediating quipazine induced increases in locomotor activity. AB - The effect of dopaminergic and serotonergic agonists and antagonists on quipazine induced locomotor activity was investigated in rats. Though quipazine is generally considered to be a relatively pure serotonergic agonist, its effects on locomotor activity were inhibited by small doses of a centrally acting DA receptor blocking agent (haloperidol), while three different serotonergic (5-HT) antagonists were without effect on this behavior. Moreover, quipazine induced locomotor activity was markedly inhibited by the 5-HT substrate 5 hydroxytryptophan. The data suggest that quipazine induced locomotor activity primarily involves dopaminergic mechanisms, with 5-HT playing either no role in stimulating this behavior, or a subsidiary one, requiring intact central dopaminergic receptors for its expression. PMID- 6619830 TI - Measurement of 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis and metabolism in selected discrete regions of the rat brain using high performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection: pharmacological manipulations. AB - High performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detection (LCEC) was employed to measure 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindole-3 acetic acid (5-HIAA) and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in the suprachiasmatic (SCN), medial preoptic (MPO) and arcuate (AN) nuclei as well as the median eminence (ME) and striatum (ST) of individual rat brains. Biochemical estimations of changes in 5-HT neuronal activity were made by measuring: (1) concentrations of 5-HT and 5-HIAA and (2) the rate of 5-HT synthesis (5-HTP accumulation following the administration of NSD 1015, an inhibitor of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase) after the administration of pharmacological agents known to influence these neurons. Pargyline increased the concentration of 5-HT and decreased the concentration of 5-HIAA while probenecid increased the concentration of 5-HIAA in all 5 brain regions. At both 2 and 24 hours after reserpine the concentration of 5-HT decreased, 5-HIAA increased or did not change, and the rate of 5-HT synthesis increased. In most of the brain regions blockers of 5-HT neuronal uptake (fluoxetine, chlorimipramine) did not influence 5-HT or 5-HIAA concentrations dramatically, but increased the rate of 5-HT synthesis. L-tryptophan generally increased the concentrations of 5-HT and 5-HIAA as well as the rate of accumulation of 5-HTP in all regions except the ME where 5 HIAA and 5-HTP concentrations both were unaffected. These results reveal that the method using LCEC is sensitive enough to detect pharmacologically-induced changes in 5-HT metabolism and synthesis in discrete regions of rat brain. The drugs examined in the present study generally caused similar changes in 5-HT dynamics in all 5 brain regions examined. PMID- 6619831 TI - The effect of morphine on 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis and metabolism in the striatum, and several discrete hypothalamic regions of the rat brain. AB - The effects of morphine on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) synthesis (accumulation of 5-hydroxytryptophan following inhibition of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase) and metabolism (concentration of 5-HT and its primary metabolite, 5-hydroxyindole 3-acetic acid [5-HIAA]) were determined in discrete nuclei of the rat brain using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detection (LCEC). Morphine (10 mg/kg, s.c.) increased 5-HT synthesis in the medial preoptic (MPO), suprachiasmatic (SCN) and arcuate (AN) nuclei as well as the striatum (ST) 1 hour following its administration. 5-HT synthesis in the median eminence (ME) was not affected at any time examined. A lower dose of morphine (5 mg/kg) also stimulated 5-HT synthesis in the AN. Although steady state concentrations of 5-HT were not greatly affected by morphine administration, the concentration of 5-HIAA in the AN, MPO, and ST increased following morphine (10 mg/kg, s.c., 1 hour). The increase in 5-HT synthesis observed in the MPO, SCN, AN, and ST 1 hour following morphine involved the activation of opiate receptors as administration of an opiate receptor antagonist, naloxone, blocked this effect. These results, indicate that morphine causes an increase in 5-HT synthesis and metabolism via an opiate receptor-mediated mechanism in the AN, MPO, SCN, and ST but not in the ME. PMID- 6619832 TI - Spiral waves of spreading depression in the isolated chicken retina. AB - Existence of the theoretically predicted spiral waves of excitation in intact two dimensional networks of excitable elements has been experimentally confirmed in the isolated chicken retina. The preparation supports the waves of Leao's spreading depression (SD) the concentric propagation of which from the point of origin can be directly observed as a change of the optical properties of the retinal tissue. The propagation rate of 3.7 mm/min (35 degrees C) decreased to 1.5 mm/min for SD waves elicited during relative refractory period. When a several-mm long segment of the SD wave had been blocked by anodal polarization, the laterally opened ends of the wavefront started to spread after termination of polarization into the previously blocked tissue, gradually turning around and penetrating into the region recovering from the original SD. One or two simultaneously generated spiral waves of SD continued to rotate for several cycles. Spiral SD could also be elicited by punctiform cathodal polarization (1 mA) applied to the SD wave-rear. Since the new SD wave could only spread into the recovering tissue it formed a laterally open wavefront, the free ends of which eventually turned around and started spiral SD. With continued reverberation the nucleus of the spiral SD wave gradually migrated across the retina until it approached an obstacle (e.g., pecten) which stopped further spiral propagation. Spiral SD waves were elicited in 31 retinal preparations and lasted for 4.5 cycles on the average. Average cycle duration was 4.7 min. Spontaneous spiral SD waves were observed in preparations incubated in Mg2+-free media. The spiral SD waves in retina are compared with mathematical models of analogous phenomena. It is argued that spiral SD waves probably exist in the cerebral cortex of rats and account for generation of repetitive SD waves sometimes elicited by overlapping stimulation of two cortical regions. PMID- 6619833 TI - Innervation and motor patterns of the abdominal superficial flexor muscles in larval lobsters. AB - The pattern of innervation and motor program of the abdominal superficial flexor muscle was investigated electrophysiologically in larval lobsters (Homarus americanus). The muscle receives both excitatory and inhibitory innervation in the larval as well as in the embryonic stages. Individual muscle fibers receive a single inhibitory neuron (f5) and a maximum of three excitors. Based on spike heights these axons belong to either the small (f1 or f2) or large (f3, f4) motoneurons. While the small axons preferentially innervate the medial muscle fibers the large axons innervate medial as well as lateral fibers. This larval pattern of innervation resembles the pattern in the adult lobster. The resemblance extends to the firing patterns as well with both large and small excitors firing spontaneously. Furthermore, evoked activity in the larvae produces reciprocal (and occasionally cyclical) bursts of excitor and inhibitor neurons denoting abdominal extension and flexion and resembling the firing patterns in adults. Consequently motor programs employed in steering the pelagic larvae are reminiscent of the programs for maintaining posture in the benthic adult lobsters. PMID- 6619834 TI - Increasing survival and changing causes of death in myelopathy patients. AB - Survival, mortality rates, and causes of death were determined for 132 myelopathy patients during the 9-year period between April 1973 and March 1982. The average age was 54; 81% were paralyzed by trauma. Average survival was 15 years. Myelopathy mortality was eight times that of the general population for the third decade of life but comparable by the seventh decade. The major causes of death were pulmonary (41 patients- 71% with pneumonia or bronchitis), vascular (37 patients - 54% with ischemic heart disease), gastrointestinal (19 patients - 42% with carcinoma, 32% with peritonitis), and urinary (16 patients - 50% with renal failure and 44% with carcinoma). As survival of myelopathy patients has improved, deaths due to pneumonia, ischemic heart disease, carcinoma, and renal failure have become the major causes of death. PMID- 6619835 TI - Low serum 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) and reciprocally high serum 3,3',5' triiodothyronine (reverse T3) concentration in spinal cord injury patients. AB - Thyroid function tests were performed on 115 spinal cord injury patients. Serum thyroxine, thyroid stimulating hormone, and T3 resin uptake were within normal range in all patients. Serum T3 levels tended to be low in paraplegic and quadriplegic patients, even though they were clinically euthyroid and other thyroid functions were normal. Serum reverse T3 levels were reciprocally higher in these patients. PMID- 6619836 TI - A demographic study of spinal cord injured veterans. AB - These demographic characteristics are not absolute. They do, however, represent general trends for those SCI veterans identified by the PTF as utilizing the VAMCs. The typical SCI veteran described from this limited data base would be over 50 years old but possibly under age 65; the veteran would be a Caucasian male who served in World War II; currently he resides in a state with a large SCI center likely in the "sun belt" region of the country; and, this veteran is a nonservice connected paraplegic due to traumatic circumstances. PMID- 6619837 TI - Thiomolybdates in rumen contents and rumen cultures. AB - Examination of direct and (Cu)-difference spectra of i) the aqueous supernatants of in vitro cultures of bovine rumen contents incubated with MoO42- and potential sources of S2- and ii) samples drawn directly from the rumen of animals receiving high Mo diets yielded evidence of the presence of thiomolybdates. Only MoS42- was detected in the soluble phase of in vitro cultures. Although intense and variable background absorbance precluded full characterization of thiomolybdate species in samples drawn directly from the rumen, both spectral data and the biochemical and clinical responses of animals given high Mo diets were consistent with the conclusion that MoS42- rather than MoOS32- was the predominant thiomolybdate species present in the aqueous phase. Addition of Ca2+ either to rumen cultures before incubation or as a supplement to diets high in MoO42- content inhibited the appearance of MoS42- in the aqueous phase. Evidence of the sequestration of MoS42- and MoOS32- by particulate or microbial fractions of rumen contents is considered in relation to the inhibitory action of Mo upon Cu absorption by ruminants. PMID- 6619838 TI - Metal ion-tetracycline interactions in biological fluids. 2. Potentiometric study of magnesium complexes with tetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline, and discussion of their possible influence on the bioavailability of these antibiotics in blood plasma. AB - The formation constants of the various complexes formed by magnesium with four tetracycline derivatives, namely, tetracycline itself, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline, were determined by potentiometry over large pH ranges under experimental conditions pertaining to blood plasma (37 degrees C, NaCl 0.15 mol dm-3). The results were used, together with those previously obtained on the complexation of these tetracyclines with proton and calcium, to assess the influence of the two alkali earth metal ions on the bioavailability of these drugs in blood plasma. Accordingly, simulations of the distribution of the four tetracyclines into their different proton and metal complex species were calculated. The distributions confirm that, in combination with the protein-bound fraction of the tetracyclines, the metal-bound fraction represents more than 99% of these drugs in plasma, the extent of their free fraction commonly being less than 1%. PMID- 6619839 TI - Elemental analysis in murine central nervous system: elevation of rubidium subsequent to Newcastle disease virus encephalopathy. AB - The Cg strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) produces neurologic signs and death in mice. This illness is unusual because of the lack of typical features of a viral encephalitis. Specifically, there is a paucity of infectious virus, detectable cellular inflammatory reaction, cytopathic effect, and viral antigen by immunofluorescence. We previously showed an elevation of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid in the CNS of moribund NDV-infected mice, indicating cellular membrane dysfunction. In an attempt to further our understanding of the pathogenesis of the illness, we evaluated CNS concentrations of sodium, potassium, iron, copper, zinc, magnesium, selenium, and rubidium. Elemental analysis revealed no difference between infected and control mice for all elements except for rubidium, which was significantly elevated in infected mice. Elevation in rubidium was detected in infected mice by X-ray fluorescence and atomic absorption spectrophotometry, whereas rubidium concentrations for control mice were similar by both methods. Neurologic symptoms correlated directly with rising rubidium concentrations. Our data suggest that abnormal trace element levels during viral infection may be one mechanism responsible for the clinical symptoms. PMID- 6619840 TI - Changes in brain levels of acidic, basic, and neutral amino acids after consumption of single meals containing various proportions of protein. AB - Rats fasted overnight were allowed to consume single meals containing 0, 18, or 40% protein or continued to fast; after 2 h, brains and sera were taken and assayed for various amino acids. In general, serum levels of most amino acids were reduced by the 0% protein meal and elevated by the high-protein meal when compared with those associated with fasting conditions. Exceptions were those not diminished by the 0% protein meal (tryptophan, methionine, proline) and those increased (alanine) or decreased (glycine) by all of the test meals. Amino acids exhibiting the broadest normal ranges (estimated by comparing their serum levels after 40% protein with those after 0% protein) were tyrosine, leucine, valine, isoleucine, and proline; serum lysine and histidine, two basic amino acids, also varied more than threefold. Brain levels of lysine, histidine, and some of the large neutral amino acids (LNAAs) also exhibited clear relationships to the protein content of the test meal: those of valine, leucine, and isoleucine were depressed by the 0% protein but increased (compared with 0% protein) when protein was added to the meal: brain tyrosine was increased by all of the test meals in proportion to their protein contents; tryptophan, phenylalanine, and glutamate were increased after the 0% protein meal but not by protein-containing meals; brain lysine, histidine, and methionine were increased after the high-protein meal, and brain alanine was increased slightly by all of the meals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6619841 TI - Characterization and partial purification of a ganglioside-associated mitogen. AB - A nonganglioside factor(s) present in Sigma types II and III mixed bovine brain ganglioside preparations synergises with suboptimal amounts of serum to induce proliferation specifically in nondividing B 103 neuroblastoma cultures. The active substance is nondialysable and soluble in water as well as in chloroform methanol mixtures of 1:1-4:1 (vol/vol). It is completely insoluble in ether and acetone at room temperature. Biological activity survives heating to 70 degrees C in the presence of 0.1 M HCl for 1 h as well as boiling at neutral pH. Loss of activity occurs on heating to 70 degrees C for 1 h with 1 M HCl or 1 M NaOH. The activity is insensitive to digestion with neuraminidase, trypsin, pronase, and phospholipases A2 and C. The factor cochromatographs with gangliosides on Dowex AG 50W and Sephadex G100 and is partially recovered with GM1 on DEAE-Sepharose, but may be isolated in a ganglioside-free fraction by sequential chromatography on Sephadex LH20 and silicic acid columns. The substance(s) has the properties of a water-soluble proteolipid protein, the amino acid composition being reported. It is not immunologically cross-reactive with antibodies to GM1 ganglioside or the major proteolipid protein of myelin. PMID- 6619842 TI - Multiple forms of choline-O-acetyltransferase in mouse and rat brain: solubilization and characterization. AB - Three forms of acetyl coenzyme A: choline-O-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.6, ChAT) have been isolated from mouse and rat forebrain synaptosomes with a 100 mM sodium phosphate (NaP) buffer of pH 7.4, a high-salt solution (500 mM NaCl), and a 2% Triton DN-65 solution, respectively. The Triton-solubilized form of ChAT differed from the other two forms in its capacity to acetylate homocholine, its pH profile, and its sensitivity to denaturation. NaCl-solubilized ChAT could be distinguished from the other two forms with respect to pH profile, sensitivity to inhibition by 4-(1-naphthylvinyl) pyridine (in the presence of Triton), and apparent Km value for choline acetylation. The caudate and putamen of rat brain contained the highest amount of ChAT activity, based on tissue wet weight, and the cerebellum contained the least of the brain regions examined; only the cerebellum had more membrane-bound than soluble ChAT. Septal lesion reduced ChAT activity in the NaP- and Triton-solubilized fractions prepared from hippocampus by 68% and 64%, respectively, whereas it reduced the activity of the NaCl solubilized fraction by only 21%. These results suggest that three different forms of ChAT may exist in both mouse and rat brain. PMID- 6619843 TI - S-100-mediated inhibition of brain protein phosphorylation. AB - The effects of the glial-specific, calcium-binding, S-100 protein on brain membrane and supernatant protein phosphorylation were assessed. S-100 concentrations as low as 5 micrograms/ml caused a marked inhibition of the phosphorylation of a soluble brain protein having a molecular weight of 73,000 daltons (73K). This protein was designated the S-100 protein-modulated phosphoprotein (SMP). Half-maximal inhibition of the phosphorylation of SMP by S 100 was obtained at concentrations of 12 micrograms/ml (0.57 microM). The inhibition of SMP phosphorylation by S-100 was calcium-dependent, with a calculated calcium Ka of 2.0 +/- 0.3 microM. SMP phosphorylation was also inhibited by calmodulin, but only partially and with a much lower potency. The inhibition of SMP phosphorylation by S-100 was not inhibited by fluphenazine, whereas the effect of calmodulin was. SMP was found in many brain areas, with the highest levels seen in the corpus callosum. Various peripheral tissues, such as kidney; liver; and pineal, pituitary, and adrenal glands, did not contain detectable SMP levels. At higher S-100 concentrations, greater than 10 micrograms/ml, the phosphorylation of several other soluble proteins was markedly inhibited. These proteins have molecular weights of 56K, 50K, and 47K. The phosphorylation of these proteins was enhanced by calmodulin. These data suggest that the S-100 protein may function to modulate the phosphorylation of brain proteins in a manner analogous to (although in a reciprocal fashion) that of calmodulin. PMID- 6619844 TI - Brain amino acids measured by intracerebral dialysis in portacaval shunted rats. AB - Changes in brain amino acid uptake and metabolism have been proposed as a possible etiological factor in hepatic encephalopathy. By use of a brain dialysis technique (a thin tube implanted in the brain of the living animal), the extracellular amino acid concentrations in the striatum of portacaval (PC) shunted and sham-operated rats were measured. Leucine, phenylalanine, methionine, and glutamine were increased two- to sixfold in the PC-shunted rats, whilst no changes were seen for GABA, valine, glutamate, or isoleucine, confirming previous reports. Aspartate levels were 350% higher in the PC-shunted rats, and this rise, as well as that of phenylalanine, was significantly correlated with the lower motor activity observed in the PC-shunted rats, suggesting a possible importance of these amino acids in the etiology of hepatic encephalopathy. The amino acid concentrations measured in whole blood demonstrated the well-known pattern of low levels of branched-chain amino acids and increased concentrations of phenylalanine, glutamine, and histidine. PMID- 6619845 TI - Effects of dichloroacetate on brain tissue pyruvate dehydrogenase. AB - The activation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) by dichloroacetate (DCA) was studied in brain tissue. Chronic administration of DCA to rats caused no significant change of PDHC activation in brain. DCA brain concentrations were comparable to those of other tissues in which activation is known to occur. No effect of DCA on PDHC could be demonstrated from isolated brain mitochondria, whereas DCA reversed the deactivation of PDHC by ATP, alpha-ketoglutarate plus malate, and succinate in liver mitochondria. This study suggests that the regulation of PDHC activation in neural tissue differs from that in other tissues. PMID- 6619846 TI - Rat brain norepinephrine metabolism: substantial clearance through 3,4 dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol formation. AB - To assess whether the metabolic clearance of rat brain norepinephrine (NE) through 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (DHPG) formation is quantitatively comparable or greater than through 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (MHPG) production, we studied the accumulation rates of conjugated DHPG and MHPG following probenecid administration in whole brain as well as in several brain regions. Administration of increasing doses of probenecid (100-500 mg/kg, i.p.) 1.5 h before sacrifice produced a dose-dependent increase of conjugated DHPG and MHPG levels. The maximum increment of these conjugated metabolites occurred at a dose of 300 mg/kg or higher. During the first hour following probenecid administration (300 mg/kg, i.p.), rat brain conjugated DHPG and MHPG levels accumulated linearly at a rate of 646 and 319 pmol/g/h, respectively. With the probenecid technique, the estimated appearance rates of conjugated DHPG significantly exceeded those of conjugated MHPG in hypothalamus, midbrain, brainstem, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex. These results clearly indicate that under resting conditions, formation and efflux of conjugated DHPG is the major route of metabolic clearance of rat brain NE. PMID- 6619847 TI - Loss of ascorbic acid from injured feline spinal cord. AB - Feline spinal cord contains 0.97 mM ascorbic acid, as measured by the dinitrophenylhydrazine method. Greater than 90% is maintained in the reduced form. When functioning normally, the CNS conserves its ascorbic acid with a turnover rate of 2% per h. Following contusion injury severe enough to produce paraplegia, ascorbic acid is rapidly lost from injured spinal tissue. Thus, ascorbic acid is decreased 30% by 1 h and 50% by 3 h following injury. Oxidized ascorbic acid is increased at 1, but not 3, h following impact. As a consequence of its many functions in CNS, loss of ascorbic acid may contribute to derangements in spinal cord function following injury. PMID- 6619848 TI - Calmodulin inhibition of brain membrane phosphorylation. AB - Calmodulin has been found to inhibit the phosphorylation of rat brain membrane proteins of molecular weight 14,900-18,900 in a dose-dependent manner. This phenomenon was seen under conditions in which calmodulin simultaneously produced a stimulatory effect on the phosphorylation of proteins of molecular weight 51,000 and above. This inhibition required calcium, but was not sensitive to cyclic AMP or increasing ATP concentration and was not due to activation of a phosphatase. These results suggest either that calmodulin induces its inhibitory effects on phosphorylation by an indirect mechanism via a presently unknown pathway, or that in addition to the kinase stimulated by calmodulin, there exists another distinct kinase which is inhibited by calmodulin. PMID- 6619849 TI - Impairment of blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in multiple sclerosis. AB - The blood-CSF barrier (BCB) function in active multiple sclerosis (MS) was studied by means of CSF proteins analysis using disc electrophoresis and immunofixation. Forty-five CSF samples were obtained by repeat lumbar punctures at various intervals, from four autopsy-proven cases and three male and nine female patients with clinically definite MS. When total protein content was increased, the percentages of prealbumin and tau fraction were decreased significantly in association with the presence of haptoglobin (Hp) polymers in nearly all the samples, as a result of increased permeability of the BCB. Even when the total protein content was normal, Hp polymers were detected in 56% of the samples, and the tau fraction tended to be decreased. Monoclonal immunoglobulin and Hp polymers were both recognized in some cases. The results suggested a more frequent occurrence of BCB impairment in MS than had formerly been revealed by CSF albumin analysis, and accorded with the recent reports of contrast-enhancing lesions of MS brain in computerized tomography. PMID- 6619850 TI - Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein 2 and tau factor, and inhibition of microtubule assembly. AB - Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) were phosphorylated by a Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase from rat brain cytosol. The maximal amount of phosphate incorporated into MAPs was 25 nmol of phosphate/mg protein. A Ka value of the enzyme for calmodulin was 57.0 nM, with MAPs as substrates. Among MAPs, MAP2 and tau factor were phosphorylated in a Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependent manner. The phosphorylation of MAPs led to an inhibition of microtubule assembly in accordance with its degree. This reaction was dependent on addition of the enzyme, Ca2+, and calmodulin, and had a greater effect on the initial rate of microtubule assembly rather than on the final extent. The critical tubulin concentration for microtubule assembly was unchanged by the MAPs phosphorylation. Therefore assembly and disassembly of brain microtubule are regulated by the Ca2+ and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that requires only a nanomolar concentration of calmodulin for activation. PMID- 6619851 TI - Deoxycytidine transport and metabolism in the central nervous system. AB - The mechanisms by which deoxycytidine enters and leaves brain, choroid plexus, and CSF were investigated by injecting [3H]deoxycytidine intraarterially, intravenously, and intraventricularly. After intracarotid injection of deoxycytidine (1.0 microM) into rats, deoxycytidine did not pass through the blood-brain barrier at a faster rate than sucrose. [3H]Deoxycytidine, either alone or together with unlabeled deoxycytidine, was infused at a constant rate into conscious adult rabbits. At 130 min, [3H]deoxycytidine readily entered CSF, choroid plexus, and brain. In brain, approx. 60% of the nonvolatile radioactivity was attributable to [3H]deoxycytidine phosphates. The addition of 0.22 mmol/kg unlabeled deoxycytidine to the infusion syringe decreased the phosphorylation of [3H]deoxycytidine in brain by approx. 50%; the addition of 2.2 mmol/kg of unlabeled deoxycytidine to the infusion syringe decreased the relative entry of [3H]deoxycytidine into CSF and brain by approx. 50 and 75%, respectively. Two hours after the intraventricular injection of [3H]deoxycytidine, [3H]deoxycytidine was rapidly cleared from CSF, in part, to brain, where approx. 65% of the [3H]deoxycytidine was converted to [3H]deoxycytidine phosphates. The intraventricular injection of unlabeled deoxycytidine with the [3H]deoxycytidine decreased the phosphorylation of [3H]deoxycytidine in the brain significantly and also decreased the clearance of [3H]deoxycytidine from the CSF. These results were interpreted as showing that the entry of deoxycytidine from blood into CSF occurs by a saturable transport system within the choroid plexus. Once within the CSF, the deoxycytidine can enter brain, undergo phosphorylation to deoxycytidine phosphates, and subsequently be incorporated into DNA. PMID- 6619852 TI - In vitro protein synthesis in the goldfish retinotectal pathway during regeneration: evidence for specific axonal proteins of retinal origin in the optic nerve. AB - Four proteins with molecular weights of 58,000 can be separated as a linear array by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. They are highly concentrated in the goldfish optic nerve and are designated as ON1, ON2, ON3, and ON4. Proteins ON1 and ON2 are undetectable in the optic nerve after disconnection and their concentration is gradually restored during regeneration. In vitro incubations of retinas, optic nerves, or tecta in the presence of [35S]methionine indicate that proteins ON1 and ON2 are of retinal origin. The labeling rate of these proteins in the retina increases fourfold after optic nerve crush whereas the overall labeling rate in the retina remains largely constant. Their synthesis cannot be detected in tissues devoid of retinal ganglion cells. This is consistent with the view that ON1 and ON2 are synthesized by retinal ganglion cells and are consequently of neuronal origin in the optic nerve. In contrast, similar experiments indicate that ON3 and ON4 are of nonneuronal origin. They are synthesized in the optic nerve in the absence of retinal ganglion cells. PMID- 6619853 TI - Sodium transport from blood to brain: inhibition by furosemide and amiloride. AB - Brain sodium uptake in vivo was studied using a modified intracarotid bolus injection technique in which the uptake of 22Na+ was compared with that of the relatively impermeable molecule, [3H]L-glucose. At a Na+ concentration of 1.4 mM, Na+ uptake was 1.74 +/- 0.07 times greater than L-glucose uptake. This decreased to 1.34 +/- 0.04 at 140 mM Na+, indicating saturable Na+ uptake. Relative Na+ extraction was not affected by pH but was inhibited by amiloride (Ki = 3 X 10(-7) M) and by 1 mM furosemide. The effects of these two inhibitors were additive. Brain uptake of 86Rb+, a K+ analogue, was measured to study interaction of K+ with Na+ transport systems. Relative 86Rb+ extraction was also inhibited by amiloride; however, it was not inhibited by furosemide. The results suggest the presence of two distinct transport systems that allow Na+ to cross the luminal membrane of the brain capillary endothelial cell. These transport systems could play an important role in the movement of Na+ from blood to brain. PMID- 6619854 TI - Release of chromaffin granule glycoproteins and proteoglycans from potassium stimulated PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. AB - Cultured PC12 pheochromocytoma cells were labeled with [3H]glucosamine, and the glycoproteins and proteoglycans released following potassium-induced depolarization were fractionated and characterized. Exposure of PC12 cells for 20 min to a high concentration of potassium (51.5 mM in Krebs-Ringers-HEPES buffer) results in an approximately sixfold increase in the release of labeled glycoproteins and proteoglycans, compared to incubation in physiological levels of potassium (6 mM). The released complex carbohydrates include chromogranins, dopamine beta-hydroxylase, and two chondroitin sulfate/heparan sulfate proteoglycan fractions, which together account for 7.4% of the soluble cell radioactivity. The chromogranins contained galactosyl(beta 1 leads to 3)N acetylgalactosamine, as well as several mono- and disialyl O-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides, and the tetrasaccharide AcNeu(alpha 2 leads to 3)Gal(beta 1 leads to 3)[AcNeu(alpha 2 leads to 6)] GalNAcol, obtained by alkaline borohydride treatment of the chromogranin glycopeptides, accounted for almost half of the total chromogranin labeling. The proteoglycan fractions varied in their relative proportions of chondroitin sulfate (23-68%), heparan sulfate (16-23%), and glycoprotein oligosaccharides (16-54%), which are of the tri- and tetraantennary and O-glycosidic types. As previously found in the case of proteoglycans from bovine chromaffin granules, the more acidic species has a considerably higher proportion of carbohydrate in the form of sulfated glycosaminoglycans. PMID- 6619855 TI - Neurone-specific enolase and creatine phosphokinase are protein components of rat brain synaptic plasma membranes. AB - Neuron-specific enolase and creatine phosphokinase were found, by 2-dimensional gel analysis, in rat brain synaptic plasma membranes (SPM). The identity of these enzymes was confirmed by comigration with purified rat brain NSE and CPK and by peptide analysis. The specific enzymatic activities of enolase and creatine phosphokinase, as well as of pyruvate kinase, also present on the membranes, were comparable to those in the homogenates when these three enzymes were fully activated. In the SPM all three enzymes, particularly enolase, were partially cryptic in that enzymatic activities were very low unless the membranes were treated with Triton X-100. They were resistant to both low-salt and high-salt extraction and to trypsin, except when Triton X-100 was present. These results suggest that the enzymes are tightly bound protein components of the membrane and that they may constitute an assembly capable of generating ATP. PMID- 6619856 TI - Identification of 5-hydroxy eicosatetraenoic acid in cerebrospinal fluid after subarachnoid hemorrhage. AB - To detect and identify lipid peroxides in the CFS following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), CSF samples were obtained sequentially from 10 patients who developed typical vasospasm and were analyzed by HPLC and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. One of the peaks appearing on the 7th day after SAH was identified as 5-hydroxy eicosatetraenoic acid. On HPLC, an identical peak was detected in samples from other SAH patients. The results gave unequivocal evidence that peroxides of arachidonic acid are present in the CSF following SAH, and a correlation between them and the occurrence of vasospasm seemed likely. The hypothesis that lipid peroxides are involved in the genesis of vasospasm deserves further investigation. PMID- 6619857 TI - Low concentrations of trifluoperazine affect striatal cells in culture. AB - Primary monolayer cultures of the newborn rat corpus striatum were treated with the phenothiazine trifluoperazine after various times in culture. When the drug is added to cells at least 3 weeks old, concentrations of 10(-7) and 10(-8) M appear morphologically identical to controls but show significant changes in synthesis of acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyric acid, particularly the former. The results with these very low concentrations suggest that the drug has a highly specific effect directly on striatal cells, and that it is not acting via calmodulin. PMID- 6619858 TI - Depolarisation-dependent protein phosphorylation in rat cortical synaptosomes: factors determining the magnitude of the response. AB - The sequence of molecular events linking depolarisation-dependent calcium influx to the release of neurotransmitters from nerve terminals is unknown; however, calcium-stimulated protein phosphorylation may play a role. In this study the incorporation of phosphate into proteins was investigated using an intact postmitochondrial pellet isolated from rat cerebral cortex. The rate and relative incorporation of label into individual phosphoproteins depended on the prelabelling time and buffer concentrations of calcium and phosphate. After prelabelling for 45 min, depolarisation caused a greater than 20% increase in the labelling of 10 phosphoproteins, and this initial increase was maximal with 41 mM K+ for 5 s, or 30 microM veratridine for 15 s, in the presence of 1 mM calcium. Both agents also led to an initial dephosphorylation of four phosphoproteins. Depolarisation for 5 min led to a significant decrease in the labelling of all phosphoproteins. All of the depolarisation-stimulated changes in protein phosphorylation were calcium-dependent. The depolarisation conditions found to optimally alter the phosphorylation of synaptosomal proteins find many parallels in studies on calcium uptake and neurotransmitter release. However, the uniform responses of such a large number of phosphoproteins to the multitude of depolarisation conditions studied suggest that the changes could equally well relate to recovery events such as biosynthesis of neurotransmitters and regulation of intraterminal metabolic activity. PMID- 6619859 TI - Asymmetric and globular forms of AChE in slow and fast muscles of 129/ReJ normal and dystrophic mice. AB - Acetylcholinesterase activities and molecular forms were studied in normal and dystrophic 129/ReJ mice, focusing on four predominantly fast-twitch muscles and the slow-twitch soleus. The asymmetric and globular forms were analyzed separately so that the effect of dystrophy on each form could be determined. This comparative study showed the following. (1) In the normal condition, each muscle exhibited a distinct distribution of the molecular forms. (2) The diversity among the fast muscles resulted mainly from variations in the proportions of the three globular forms; in contrast, these muscles showed a constant and precise A12/A8/A4 ratio. (3) The slow-twitch soleus clearly differed from the other muscles in its low acetylcholinesterase activity and distinct distribution of the molecular forms, characterized by a low level of G4 and a peculiar ratio among its asymmetric forms, resulting from a relative increase of the A8 and A4 forms. (4) In dystrophic mice, the diversity of the acetylcholinesterase distribution was lost; all the fast muscles displayed profiles exhibiting the characteristics typical of the soleus. The fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus, sternomastoid, and plantaris converged towards an identical set of acetylcholinesterase molecules. (5) In contrast, the acetylcholinesterase activity and molecular forms of the soleus were only slightly affected by the disease. These results reveal that the dystrophy modifies both categories of molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase in a very precise manner. Such complex changes, which are highly reproducible in a variety of different muscles, are unlikely to result from nonspecific reactions secondary to the disease. PMID- 6619860 TI - Uptake of adenosine by cultured cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells. AB - Adenosine uptake by cerebral smooth muscle cells is a carrier-mediated process. The Km value for adenosine uptake is 10.0 microM and the Vmax is 0.95 nmol/min-mg cell protein. This uptake system is inhibited by the adenosine analog 2 chloroadenosine at low adenosine concentrations. These results prove the existence of a nucleoside transport system associated with cerebral smooth muscle. PMID- 6619861 TI - Diversity of metabolic patterns in human brain tumors: enzymes of energy metabolism and related metabolites and cofactors. AB - Biopsies from 15 human gliomas, five meningiomas, four Schwannomas, one medulloblastoma, and four normal brain areas were analyzed for 12 enzymes of energy metabolism and 12 related metabolites and cofactors. Samples, 0.01-0.25 microgram dry weight, were dissected from freeze-dried microtome sections to permit all the assays on a given specimen to be made, as far as possible, on nonnecrotic pure tumor tissue from the same region. Great diversity was found with regard to both enzyme activities and metabolite levels among individual tumors, but the following generalities can be made. Activities of hexokinase, phosphorylase, phosphofructokinase, glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, and malate dehydrogenase levels were usually lower than in brain; glycogen synthase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were usually higher; and the averages for pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and beta-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase were not greatly different from brain. Levels of eight of the 12 enzymes were distinctly lower among the Schwannomas than in the other two groups. Average levels of glucose-6 phosphate, lactate, pyruvate, and uridine diphosphoglucose were more than twice those of brain; 6-phosphogluconate and citrate were about 70% higher than in brain; glucose, glycogen, glycerol-1-phosphate, and malate averages ranged from 104% to 127% of brain; and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and glucose-1,6-bisphosphate levels were on the average 50% and 70% those of brain, respectively. PMID- 6619862 TI - On the blood-brain barrier to peptides: [3H]beta-casomorphin-5 uptake by eighteen brain regions in vivo. AB - After intracarotid injection of [3H]beta-casomorphin-5 (beta CM5) in rats, the accumulation of radioactivity was determined in 18 brain regions and the anterior pituitary. The relative accumulation in all regions significantly exceeded that of [3H]inulin by a factor of 2.5, indicating a low but measurable brain uptake of the peptide. In blood-brain barrier-free areas, the accumulation of radioactivity was 15-fold higher than in blood-brain barrier-protected areas. The relative accumulation was not dependent on the total beta CM5 concentration in the range of 0.3-1.1 microM, and was not depressed by 400 microM L-tyrosine. We conclude that beta CM5, like other peptides, is accumulated in the blood-brain barrier free areas to a relatively high but differing degree, whereas in the areas with a tight endothelium the accumulation is relatively low and nearly uniform. A binding to endothelial cells may contribute to the low accumulation of beta CM5, especially in blood-brain barrier-protected areas. PMID- 6619863 TI - Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on fetal mouse brain cells in culture in a chemically defined medium. AB - The biochemical and morphological effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on fetal brain cells grown in a chemically defined medium were studied. Fetal brain cells were dissociated from mouse cerebral hemispheres taken on the 16th day of gestation. After cells had grown in chemically defined medium for 8 days, the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids of cultured cells was only one-half of that observed at day 0 and about 1.5 times less than that of cells grown in serum supplemented medium. Fatty acid 20:3(n-9) was present in cultured cells grown in either chemically defined or serum-supplemented medium, demonstrating the deficiency of essential fatty acids. The reduced amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids in cells grown in the chemically defined medium was balanced by an increase in monounsaturated fatty acids. The saturated fatty acids were not affected. When added at the seeding time, linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic, or docosahexaenoic acid stimulated the proliferation of small dense cells. Besides, we demonstrate that each of the four fatty acids studied was incorporated into phospholipids. Adding fatty acids of the n-6 series increased the content of n-6 fatty acids in the cells, but also provoked an increase in the n-3 fatty acids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6619864 TI - The rate of utilization of glucose via hexosemonophosphate shunt in brain. AB - The concentration of 6-phosphogluconate in the brain increased from 0-24 nmol/g in the controls to 1430 and 1506 nmol/g in rats treated with 50 mg of 6 aminonicotinamide/kg of body weight. A dose-dependent increase in the concentrations of glucose and glucose 6-phosphate as well as of 6 phosphogluconate was found in the brains of 6-aminonicotinamide-treated rats. The biochemical changes and symptoms of neurological disorder in 6-aminonicotinamide treated rats were not due to hypothermia. The rate of utilization of glucose via the hexosemonophosphate shunt was determined by isolation of gluconate from 6 phosphogluconate and measurement of its [14C]content at short time intervals after injection of [U-14C]glucose into 6-aminonicotinamide-treated rats; it was 16.5 nmol of glucose utilized/min per g of brain, and represented approximately 2.3% of the overall utilization of glucose in the brain. A highly significant correlation was observed between the concentration of 6-phosphogluconate and the concentration of glucose 6-phosphate and free glucose. The validity of this correlation was supported by the results of previous investigations involving several other treatments. PMID- 6619865 TI - Peripheral nervous system myelin and Schwann cell glycoproteins: identification by lectin binding and partial purification of a peripheral nervous system myelin specific 170,000 molecular weight glycoprotein. AB - Radioiodinated lectins were used to detect glycoproteins of peripheral nervous system (PNS) myelin (rat, human, bovine) and cultured rat Schwann cells. Proteins were resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis and transferred to nitrocellulose filters. The filters were overlaid with radioiodinated lectins of known saccharide affinities. These included concanavalin A, Helix pomatia, Limulus polyphemus, Maclura pomifera, peanut, soybean, Ulex europaeus, and wheat germ agglutinins. Inclusion of the appropriate monosaccharide in the overlay solution (0.2 M) inhibited lectin binding to the nitrocellulose-fixed proteins. Fluorography permitted identification of 26 myelin glycoproteins and many more in Schwann cells. All lectins labeled a band present in myelin, but not Schwann cells, corresponding to the major PNS myelin protein, P0. Our attention focused on a high-molecular-weight myelin glycoprotein [apparent molecular weight (Mr) 170,000], which appeared abundant by Coomassie Blue staining and which was heavily labeled by all lectins except concanavalin A. A protein with approximately this Mr and lectin-binding pattern was present in human and bovine PNS myelin as well, but not detected in rat Schwann cells, CNS myelin, liver and fibroblast homogenates, or cultured bovine oligodendroglia. Hence this 170,000 Mr glycoprotein is apparently unique to PNS myelin. PMID- 6619866 TI - Lack of stereoselectivity in ability of nicotine to release dopamine from rat synaptosomal preparations. AB - Both the naturally occurring (-)-isomer and the synthetic (+)-isomer of nicotine caused release of 3H from a crude synaptosomal fraction of rat brain preincubated with [3H]dopamine. The isomers were equipotent in producing this response, which was concentration-dependent, a significant effect on the fractional release of dopamine being observed at 10(-4) M nicotine. The effect did not appear to be the result of synaptosomal damage, as levels of the intrasynaptosomal marker lactate dehydrogenase did not increase in the supernatant. Nicotine-induced release was inhibited by removal of external Ca2+ and by the presence in vitro of pempidine (230 microM). Neither hexamethonium (500 microM) in vitro nor the chronic administration of (-)-nicotine in vivo had any effect on the nicotine-induced release of [3H]dopamine. It is concluded that nicotine exerts this effect via a presynaptic nicotinic receptor of the "ganglionic" type, but that this receptor differs from that in the periphery by showing a relative lack of stereospecificity. There is no evidence of a functional "down regulation" in this receptor on chronic exposure to nicotine in vivo. PMID- 6619868 TI - [3H]imipramine labels sites on brain astroglial cells not related to serotonin uptake. AB - Brain astroglial cells, whether from a bulk isolated preparation or in culture, have been shown to take up serotonin actively. [3H]imipramine has been proposed as a specific label for serotonin uptake sites in brain. We therefore studied the binding of [3H]imipramine to C6 astroglial cells in culture to determine if some of the binding of this radioligand in brain homogenates is actually to serotonin transporting sites on glia. [3H]Imipramine binds saturably (Bmax = 202 fmol/mg protein) and with high affinity (KD = 1.72 nM) to C6 cells. This binding is competitively inhibited by other tricyclic antidepressants. The C6 cells actively transport [3H]serotonin with a Km of 2 microM and a Vmax of 1080 fmol/10(6) cells/min. However, the pharmacological profile for inhibition of serotonin uptake does not correlate with the pharmacological profile for inhibition of [3H]imipramine binding. These results suggest that the binding of [3H]imipramine to astroglial cells is not related to their capacity for active uptake of serotonin. Further, in brain homogenates, some of the binding of [3H]imipramine may not be to neuronal uptake sites but rather may be to sites on astroglial cells. PMID- 6619867 TI - Biosynthesis of N-acylethanolamine phospholipids by dog brain preparations. AB - Dog brain homogenates and subcellular preparations incubated in the presence of Ca2+ produced a new phospholipid that was isolated and identified by its infrared spectrum and by chemical degradation as a mixture of 1,2-diacyl, alkenylacyl, and alkylacyl sn-glycero-3-phospho(N-acyl)ethanolamines, 50, 45, and 5%, respectively. The N-acyl groups consisted almost exclusively of 16:0, 18:0, and 18:1 fatty acids. Formation of N-acylethanolamine phospholipids from endogenous substrates was linear for about 90 min at approximately 4.5 nmol/h/mg protein and exhibited a pH optimum of 10. Biosynthetic activity was associated with particulate fractions, primarily microsomes, synaptosomes, and mitochondria, but not with myelin. In each case, small amounts (approximately 0.5 nmol/h/mg protein) of long-chain N-acylethanolamines were also produced. Incubation of dog brain microsomes with 1,2-di[1'-14C]palmitoyl glycerophosphocholine yielded N acylethanolamine phospholipids labeled at both N-acyl (55%) and O-acyl (45%) moieties. It appears that dog brain organelles may contain a phosphatidylethanolamine N-acyl transferase (transacylase) analogous to that recently demonstrated in the myocardial tissue. PMID- 6619869 TI - Nitrogen metabolism of the human brain. AB - Cerebral nitrogen metabolism was studied in 29 healthy nonobese volunteers by means of a catheterization technique. Arterial levels and arterial-jugular venous (A-JV) concentration differences for amino acids, urea, ammonia, 5-oxoproline, glucose, and oxygen were measured in the basal, postabsorptive state and during an intravenous infusion of a commercial amino acid solution. In the basal state positive A-JV differences, indicating a net brain uptake, were noted for 12 of 22 amino acids as well as for ammonia. There was no significant net exchange for urea or for 5-oxoproline. During amino acid infusion, resulting in a 150-300% rise in arterial amino acid levels, the brain uptake of isoleucine, leucine, and tyrosine increased significantly, and a similar tendency was seen for most other amino acids. The infusion was accompanied by a 100% rise in arterial ammonia levels and a 10% increase in urea concentration. For ammonia the small positive A JV difference in the basal state became markedly greater during amino acid infusion, whereas no significant alteration was noted for urea exchange across the brain. The A-JV differences for glucose and oxygen were positive in the basal state and unchanged during the infusion. The present findings demonstrate that in the basal state (a) there is a significant net brain uptake of most amino acids; (b) no single amino acid, urea, or 5-oxoproline is released from the brain; and (c) ammonia uptake occurs both in this state and during an amino acid infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6619870 TI - Characterization of the blood-brain barrier: protein composition of the capillary endothelial cell membrane. AB - Microvessels were isolated from canine cerebral cortex, and the composition of the endothelial cell membrane was investigated. Endothelial cell membranes were separated from the surrounding basement membrane, solubilized, and subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 12% gels. Staining with Coomassie Blue revealed a characteristic banding pattern of at least 12 major proteins with apparent molecular weights between 14,000 and 250,000. When proteins from red blood cell ghosts were run simultaneously, no similarities were observed, except for proteins at apparent molecular weights of 43,000 (band 3) and 35,000 (band 4). These two proteins migrated exactly to the positions of the erythrocyte proteins actin and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, respectively. Membrane glycoproteins in gels were also examined by the use of fluorescent lectins. Of the fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated (FITC) lectins tested, only FITC-concanavalin A had an affinity for any membrane components. Diazotized [125I]iodosulfanilic acid, a membrane-impermeable reagent, was used to label the internal (lumen) cell surface and the external (antilumen) cell surface. Autoradiography and determination of radioactivity levels in gel slices showed that several proteins were specifically labeled, and that major differences in radioactivity of proteins existed in internal and external labeling experiments. It is concluded that the protein composition of the luminal membrane is different from that of the antiluminal membrane. PMID- 6619871 TI - Muscarinic receptors modulate dopamine-activated adenylate cyclase of rat striatum. AB - We investigated the effect of acetylcholine (ACh) on the activation of adenylate cyclase by dopamine (DA) in a lysed synaptosomal preparation from rat striatum. ACh reduced both basal and the DA-activated adenylate cyclase with an apparent IC50 of approximately 1 microM. From a kinetic analysis it appeared that ACh reduced the Vmax for activation by DA but not the activation constant for DA. For most preparations the Vmax was reduced by 30-40%. The presence of atropine did not affect the activation of the enzyme by DA but it blocked the inhibition by ACh. Following 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway, the enzyme became supersensitive to activation by DA and also more sensitive to inhibition by ACh. Inhibition of adenylate cyclase by ACh appeared to be rather specific for activation by DA, as ACh had no effect on activation of adenylate cyclase by the adenosine analogue N6-(L-2-phenylisopropyl)adenosine. These results indicate that some striatal muscarinic and dopaminergic receptors are probably coupled to the same adenylate cyclase domain. Moreover, they suggest a biochemical model for the dynamic balance of cholinergic and dopaminergic neurons that innervate the striatum. PMID- 6619872 TI - Use of beta-methylene-D,L-aspartate to assess the role of aspartate aminotransferase in cerebral oxidative metabolism. AB - Several inhibitors of aspartate aminotransferase, a key enzyme of the malate aspartate shuttle, were investigated for their effects on cerebral oxidative metabolism in vitro. beta-Methylene-D,L-aspartate (2 mM), aminooxyacetate (0.1 mM), and D,L-vinylglycine (20 mM) all significantly reduced the activity of aspartate aminotransferase and the rate of oxygen consumption of rat cerebral cortex slices respiring on glucose. In the presence of beta-methyleneaspartate, a one-to-one correlation was found between the degree of inhibition of tissue respiration and the degree of inhibition of transaminase activity. Slices of rat liver incubated in the presence of glucose and beta-methyleneaspartate showed a similar one-to-one relationship between inhibition of oxygen comsumption and inhibition of aspartate aminotransferase activity, whereas with rat kidney cortex slices, the inhibition of aspartate aminotransferase activity was greater than the inhibition of oxygen consumption. Structural analogs of beta methyleneaspartate (D,L-beta-methyl-D,L-aspartate, gamma-methyl-D,L-glutamate, and alpha-methyl-D,L-didehydroglutamate) that did not inhibit the activity of aspartate aminotransferase similarly did not inhibit the rate of oxygen consumption by cerebral cortex slices. In the presence of beta methyleneaspartate, pyruvate oxidation by cerebral cortex slices was inhibited to almost the same extent as was glucose oxidation, and the oxidation of succinate was decreased by approximately 20%. The artificial electron acceptor phenazine methosulfate (0.1 mM) only partially overcame the beta-methyleneaspartate mediated inhibition of respiration with glucose as substrate. The content of ATP and phosphocreatine declined steadily in slices incubated with glucose and beta methyleneaspartate. At 1 h the concentration of lactate and the lactate/pyruvate ratio, an indicator of the cytoplasmic redox state, increased threefold, whereas the concentrations of malate, citrate, and aspartate decreased. The findings are interpreted in the context of the hypothesis that enzymes common to the malate aspartate shuttle and the tricarboxylic acid cycle are physically complexed in brain, so that inhibition of aspartate aminotransferase, a component of the complex, impedes the flow of carbon through both metabolic pathways.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6619874 TI - An improved method for in situ freezing of cat brain for metabolic studies. AB - This study introduces a new method for rapid freezing of the cat brain. The method employed a Styrofoam box which was fitted around the head of the animal. Liquid nitrogen was poured into the box until the head was submerged. Temperature changes in three brain sites (ventral hypothalamus, the fourth ventricle, and the corpus callosum) and levels of labile carbohydrate metabolites (glycogen, glucose, ATP, P-creatine, and lactate) in five brain regions (cortex, thalamus, midbrain, cerebellum, and pons) frozen by the box method were compared with those frozen by a conventional cup method in which liquid nitrogen was poured into a hollow Styrofoam cup placed on top of the skull. The box method shortened the time of arrival of the freezing front and improved the freezing rate. The time required to bring the tissue to -20 degrees C was shortened, from 20 min at the ventral hypothalamus and 10-12 min at the fourth ventricle with the cup method, to less than 5 min at both sites with the box technique. Continued perfusion of brainstem prior to freezing was demonstrated. Levels of metabolites frozen by either method were similar. Lactate levels in any of the five brain regions studied by either method were not elevated, indicating no ischemic change.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6619873 TI - Ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation and inhibition of [3H]spiroperidol binding in neostriatal membrane preparations. AB - Sodium ascorbate caused an increased lipid peroxidation and a large decrement in [3H]spiroperidol binding in a rat neostriatal membrane preparation (preparation C). Both effects were greater at intermediate (0.05 and 0.5 mM) than at higher or lower ascorbate concentrations. In contrast, in another neostriatal membrane preparation (preparation A), there was no loss of [3H]spiroperidol binding and only a small increase in lipid peroxidation caused by ascorbate. However, both the ascorbate-induced increase in lipid peroxidation and loss of [3H]spiroperidol binding were greatly enhanced in preparation A by the addition of iron salts. In experiments designed to explore reasons for these apparent discrepancies, we discovered that the method of tissue preparation was a critical factor. The ascorbate effects were consistently greater in a tissue preparation which was originally homogenized in an isotonic sucrose medium and centrifuged, and the cell debris discarded (as was done in preparation C), than in one in which the tissue was homogenized in a hypotonic medium and in which no low-speed centrifugation was done (as was done in preparation A). In other experiments, of several cations tested, only ferrous and ferric potentiated the above-described effects of ascorbate. Some ascorbic acid derivatives (e.g., isoascorbic acid) had properties similar to those of ascorbic acid, whereas several reducing agents could, in the presence of added iron salts, cause both a lipid peroxidation and a loss of [3H]spiroperidol binding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6619875 TI - Calmodulin-sensitive and calmodulin-insensitive components of adenylate cyclase activity in rat striatum have differential responsiveness to guanyl nucleotides. AB - The interaction between the Ca2+-binding protein, calmodulin, and guanyl nucleotides was investigated in a rat striatal particulate fraction. We found that the ability of calmodulin to stimulate adenylate cyclase in the presence of guanyl nucleotides depends upon the type and concentration of the guanyl nucleotide. Adenylate cyclase activity measured in the presence of calmodulin and GTP reflected additivity at every concentration of these reactants. On the contrary, when the activating guanyl nucleotide was the nonhydrolyzable analog of GTP, guanosine-5'-(beta,gamma-imido)triphosphate (GppNHp), calmodulin could further activate adenylate cyclase only at concentrations less than 0.2 microM GppNHp. Kinetic analysis of adenylate cyclase by GppNHp was compatible with a model of two components of adenylate cyclase activity, with over a 100-fold difference in sensitivity for GppNHp. The component with the higher affinity for GppNHp was competitively stimulated by calmodulin. The additivity between calmodulin and GTP in the striatal particulate fraction suggests that they stimulate different components of cyclase activity. The calmodulin-stimulatable component constituted 60% of the total activity. Our two-component model does not delineate, at this point, whether there are two separate catalytic subunits or one catalytic subunit with two GTP-binding proteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6619876 TI - Epinephrine: a potential neurotransmitter in retina. AB - Dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine (EPI) are present in rat retina. DA is the major catecholamine, whereas NE and EPI represent approximately 5% of the DA content. DA is contained in a subpopulation of amacrine cells and has been the subject of numerous studies. We investigated the origin and properties of NE and EPI in retina. Following superior cervical ganglionectomy, there was a decrease in NE content, but no decrease in EPI or phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) activity. PNMT in retina has many of the substrate specificity and inhibitor-sensitivity characteristics of other tissues. Enzyme activity is enhanced in newborn rats by treatment with dexamethasone. Exposure to a lighted environment increases retinal EPI in normal and superior cervical ganglionectomized rats. EPI content increased for more than 2 h in a lighted environment. We conclude that most of the NE is contained within the sympathetic neurons that innervate the eye from the superior cervical ganglion, whereas EPI is contained in retinal elements that are responsive to photic stimulation. PMID- 6619877 TI - 45Ca2+ uptake into rat whole brain synaptosomes unaltered by dihydropyridine calcium antagonists. AB - Voltage-dependent 45Ca2+ uptake into rat whole brain synaptosomes was measured after 3-s KCl-induced depolarization to investigate possible inhibitory effects of calcium antagonists, nitrendipine, nimodipine, and nisoldipine. At a Ca2+ concentration of 1.2 mM, nitrendipine, in concentrations ranging from 0.1 nM to 10 microM, had no effect on 45Ca2+ uptake. When the Ca2+ concentration was lowered to 0.06 and 0.12 mM, nitrendipine, 10 microM, inhibited 45Ca2+ uptake in response to 109 mM KCl depolarization. However, in a separate concentration response study, nitrendipine, nimodipine, and nisoldipine, 0.1 nM to 10 microM, failed to alter the uptake of 45Ca2+ (0.06 mM Ca2+) into 30 mM KCl-depolarized synaptosomes. The high concentrations of these agents required to depress 45Ca2+ uptake indicate that the dihydropyridine calcium antagonists are considerably less potent in brain tissue than in peripheral tissue. PMID- 6619879 TI - Pyruvate carboxylase activity in primary cultures of astrocytes and neurons. AB - The activity of the pyruvate carboxylase was determined in brains of newborn and adult mice as well as primary cultures of astrocytes, of cerebral cortex neurons, and of cerebellar granule cells. The activity was found to be 0.25 +/- 0.14, 1.24 +/- 0.07, and 1.75 +/- 0.13 nmol X min -1 X mg -1 protein in, respectively, neonatal brain, adult brain, and astrocytes. Neither of the two types of neurons showed any detectable enzyme activity (i.e., less than 0.05 nmol X min -1 X mg 1). It is therefore concluded that pyruvate carboxylase is an astrocytic enzyme. PMID- 6619878 TI - Is lysolecithin an in vivo constituent of chromaffin granules? AB - It was recently claimed that lysolecithin (lysophosphatidylcholine) in chromaffin granules is a post-mortem artefact. We have, therefore, determined catecholamine/lysolecithin ratios in adrenal tissues and isolated chromaffin granules. In rat adrenals and bovine medulla the ratios in both tissues and granules were similar. This indicates that even in rapidly frozen rat adrenal glands, sufficient lysolecithin is present in the total tissue to account for its presence in isolated organelles. Owing to the high cortex/medulla ratios such studies cannot be performed with guinea pig or rabbit adrenals. However, isolated chromaffin granules from guinea pig, in contrast to a previous study, do contain lysolecithin. We conclude that lysolecithin is an in vivo constituent of chromaffin granules of all species so far investigated. PMID- 6619880 TI - Uptake of [3H]dopamine into dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurones of the isolated neurointermediate lobe of the rat hypophysis. Effects of desipramine and nomifensine. AB - The isolated neurointermediate lobe (NIL) of the rat hypophysis accumulates [3H]dopamine from the incubation medium. Column chromatographic analysis showed that 92% of the tissue radioactivity was contained in the catecholamine fraction. [3H]Dopamine represented 70% and [3H]noradrenaline 30% of the [3H]catecholamines. Desipramine (1 microM) prevented the formation of [3H]noradrenaline without affecting the storage of [3H]dopamine. Nomifensine (10 microM) blocked the storage of [3H]dopamine and [3H]noradrenaline. Thus, in the NIL, [3H]dopamine is taken up into dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurones. In the latter, [3H]dopamine is converted to [3H]noradrenaline, indicating a significant dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity in the NIL tissue. A selective labeling of the dopamine stores with [3H]dopamine can be achieved in the presence of desipramine. PMID- 6619881 TI - Reduced cortical glutamine concentrations in electrically kindled rats. AB - The effect of kindling rats (with an electrical stimulus applied daily to the frontal cortex) on the concentrations of taurine, aspartate, glutamate, glutamine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid has been investigated. When compared with control groups, cortical glutamine concentrations were significantly decreased in kindled rats by approximately 20%. This decrease in glutamine directly correlated with the after-discharge duration (r = 0.84, p = 0.005). The significance of this in relation to glutamate metabolism and kindling is discussed here. PMID- 6619882 TI - Changes in brain glycogen during slow-wave sleep in the rat. AB - During slow-wave sleep, rat brain glycogen increases within a few minutes to about 70% above waking levels. Upon awakening, the increment is lost within 2-5 min. After repeated episodes of sleep, brain glycogen levels are comparable to those observed after only a single episode of sleep. Liver glycogen is unaffected by slow-wave sleep. PMID- 6619883 TI - The alkaloids of Corydalis meifolia. AB - Six tetrahydroprotoberberines, (+)-sinactine, apocavidine, stylopine, (+) cavidine, cheilanthifoline, and dehydrocavidine; two spirobenzylisoquinolines, yenhusomine and yenhusomidine; one phthalideisoquinoline, corlumine; one benzophenanthridine, dihydrosanguinarine and protopine, have been isolated from the leaves and stems of Corydalis meifolia Wall. Of these alkaloids, dehydrocavidine was a new base. The remaining alkaloids, although known, were isolated for the first time for this plant. (+)-Cavidine, protopine, corlumine, yenhusomine, and dehydrocavidine exhibited spasmolytic activity. PMID- 6619884 TI - Plant anticancer agents XXV. Constituents of Soulamea soulameoides. AB - Three simaroubolides, glaucarubolone (1), holacanthone (2), and isobrucein A (3) were found to be responsible for the cytotoxic and antileukemic activities observed for extracts of the wood stem, stem bark, and twigs of Soulamea soulameoides. Other cytotoxic constituents isolated include a coumarinolignan cleomiscosin A (4) and the hydroxy canthin-6-one derivative 5. Picrasin B (6) was also obtained, but was not active. PMID- 6619885 TI - Production of cytotoxic canthin-6-one alkaloids by Ailanthus altissima plant cell cultures. AB - Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle was established as callus- and cell suspension cultures. Canthin-6-one and 1-methoxycanthin-6-one were isolated by a combination of preparative tlc and preparative hplc. The two alkaloids were identified by their uv, ms, and 1H-nmr spectra. The combined yield of the two alkaloids was 1.38% of dry weight from callus and 1.27% of dry weight from cell suspensions. The cytotoxicities of canthin-6-one, 1-methoxycanthin-6-one, 5 methoxycanthin-6-one, and canthin-6-one-3-N-oxide to guinea pig ear keratinocytes have been compared, and the IC50 values range from 1.11 to 5.76 micrograms/ml. There is no significant difference in activity among these four cytotoxic alkaloids. PMID- 6619886 TI - Evaluation of limonoids against the murine P388 lymphocytic leukemia cell line. AB - A structure/activity study of selected limonoids from two plant families (Meliaceae and Rutaceae) of the Rutales order against the murine P-388 lymphocytic leukemia system was undertaken. The presence of both a 19 leads to 28 lactol and a 14,15 beta-epoxide group was found especially important for pronounced inhibition of the PS in vitro cell line. Substitution of an A-ring alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone (3-oxo-1-ene) for the lactol led to diminished activity, while reduction of the olefin caused complete loss of activity. At the dose levels employed, even very good PS in vitro inhibition was not translated into PS in vivo antineoplastic effects. PMID- 6619887 TI - Catharanthus alkaloids XXXVII. 16-Epi-Z-isositsirikine, a monomeric indole alkaloid with antineoplastic activity from Catharanthus roseus and Rhazya stricta. AB - 16-Epi-Z-isositsirikine (1) has been isolated from the leaves of Catharanthus roseus and Rhazya stricta and identified through a combination of spectral interpretation and chemical correlation. The compound displayed antineoplastic activity in the KB test system in vitro and the P-388 test system in vivo. PMID- 6619888 TI - Apraxia in deep cerebral lesions. AB - In a series of 50 patients with cerebrovascular lesions (demonstrated with CT scan), seven patients had lesions located in the basal ganglia and/or thalamus. All these seven patients were apractic. Ideomotor apraxia was present in all patients; five also had constructional apraxia, and one had bucco-facial apraxia. None of the patients had utilisation apraxia. These observations indicated that apraxia is not only a "high cerebral (cortical) function", but may depend also on the integrity of subcortical circuits and structures. PMID- 6619890 TI - Validity of injury data collected by interview: a study of men born in 1913 and 1923. AB - An investigation of the validity of anamnestic injury data with special reference to head injuries, was performed, as part of an epidemiological population study of middle aged men. Injury data collected by interview were checked against control data from an emergency department, covering a 7-year period. About 65% of head injuries in the control data set, and 60% of all types of injuries were reported. Injury severity, alcohol intoxication, ambulance transportation and recall period were factors which tended to influence the reporting frequency. PMID- 6619889 TI - Behaviour disturbances during recovery from herpes simplex encephalitis. AB - Bizarre behaviour disturbances in four patients occurring during incomplete recovery from herpes simplex encephalitis are described. Some aspects of their behaviour were similar to that originally described by Kluver and Bucy in monkeys following bilateral temporal lobectomy. Previous reports of behavioural disturbances in man after herpes simplex encephalitis are reviewed and attention drawn to the aggressive and disruptive behaviour that is often seen. With the reduced mortality in herpes simplex encephalitis in recent years it is possible that behaviour disturbances such as those described here will be seen more frequently. PMID- 6619891 TI - Pressor sensitivity to tyramine in patients with headache: relationship to platelet monoamine oxidase and to dietary provocation. AB - The pressor responses to oral and intravenous tyramine were not different from controls in migrainous patients with or without a history of attacks triggered by foods. However, patients who reported a dietary trigger were more likely to develop headache after tyramine administration than those without such a dietary history. Pressor responses to intravenous tyramine in patients with cluster headache were indistinguishable from controls. A group of five males with platelet monoamine oxidase activity one standard deviation or more below that of male controls required less intravenous tyramine to raise blood pressure by 30 mm Hg than males with monoamine oxidase levels within one standard deviation of the controls. This finding suggests that platelet monoamine oxidase activity to some extent reflects that of total body monoamine oxidase A plus B. PMID- 6619892 TI - Eye blink reflexes to sudden free falls: a clinical test of otolith function. AB - Conventional neuro-otological tests measure only semi-circular canal function and not otolith function. A clinically acceptable test of otolith function was developed. Previous studies suggested that muscle responses which occur less than 100 ms after release into free-fall are part of a startle reflex originating in the otoliths. With a couch capable of producing sudden, safe, comfortable free falls it was shown that in normal subjects orbicularis oculi muscle responses (that is eyeblinks) invariably began within 45 ms of this stimulus and confirmed that these eyeblink reflexes are part of a generalised startle reflex, as they cross-habituate with eyeblink reflexes elicited by supraorbital nerve stimulation. Eyeblink reflexes to free-fall may prove a useful clinical test of otolith function. PMID- 6619893 TI - The use of desmopressin (DDAVP) for nocturia in women with multiple sclerosis. AB - Sixteen women with multiple sclerosis who complained of nocturia completed a double-blind cross-over trial of Desmopressin (DDAVP) and placebo. Nocturia was reduced from a mean of 2.55 voids to 2.01 with placebo and to 1.28 with Desmopressin (p less than 0.01, for the difference between placebo and Desmopressin). Side effects were minor, and equally distributed between treatment and placebo. PMID- 6619894 TI - Indomethacin-responsive episodic cluster headache. AB - The case of a man with a 34 year history of episodic cluster headaches is described. At the peak of a cluster the headaches occurred up to twenty times a day. The headaches were unresponsive to conventional therapy but were dramatically abolished by indomethacin. This effect of indomethacin was confirmed in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. PMID- 6619895 TI - Two-segment sural nerve conduction measurements in polyneuropathy. AB - Sensory conduction velocity of the sural nerve was measured in 50 normal subjects and 100 consecutive patients with suspected or established diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy. The sensory action potential was recorded by the orthodromic technique for the distal and the proximal segments. In the patient group, sensory conduction of the proximal segment appeared to be more consistent and easier to carry out as compared to the distal segment. Measurements of the latter segment alone could sometimes be misleading. Some practical points acquired from our experience with this method that allow considerable reduction of the examination time and the patients's discomfort are reported. PMID- 6619896 TI - Neurological competences in the graduating psychiatrist. PMID- 6619897 TI - Benign unilateral seizures or epilepsy. PMID- 6619898 TI - One-and-a-half syndrome due to polycythaemia. PMID- 6619899 TI - Primary meningeal melanomatosis: limitations of current diagnostic techniques. PMID- 6619900 TI - Juvenile transient global amnesia. PMID- 6619901 TI - Cellular hypersensitivity to ionising radiation in Friedreich's ataxia. PMID- 6619902 TI - Phenylacetic acid in human body fluids. PMID- 6619903 TI - Ruptured intracranial aneurysms. PMID- 6619904 TI - Electron microscopic serial section analysis of nodes of Ranvier in lumbar spinal roots of the cat: a morphometric study of nodal compartments in fibres of different sizes. AB - Serially sectioned nodes of Ranvier from nerve fibres 2-20 micron in diameter of feline ventral and dorsal spinal roots were examined electron microscopically, reconstructed to scale and analysed morphometrically. The assumed 'fresh-state' value of several structural variables, considered to be of functional significance, were calculated by the use of compensation factors. The compensated data were plotted against fibre and axon diameters. It was calculated that the membranous area of the 'fresh-state' nodal axon segment increased more or less exponentially from less than 5 micron2 to 30 micron2 with increasing fibre diameter (D). Most variables associated with the nodal gap and the Schwann cell initially increased rapidly with D and then levelled out or even decreased in fibres with a D value greater than 8-12 micron. The area open for communication between the nodal axolemma and the endoneurial space was 30-100 times smaller than the membrane area of the nodal axolemma. The volume of the extracellular space in the nodal gap, outside the nodal axolemma, increased linearly from less than 0.1 micron3 to about 0.6 micron3 with increasing fibre size. The Schwann cell membrane area facing the nodal gap outnumbered the membrane area of the nodal axon by 10-15 times in nerve fibres with a D value between 5 and 15 microns. Some functional implications of the 'fresh-state' nodal model are discussed. PMID- 6619905 TI - Five types of basket cell in the hippocampal dentate gyrus: a combined Golgi and electron microscopic study. AB - Five types of basket cell in the hippocampal denate gyrus of rats were analysed with a combined Golgi and electron microscopic method. Light microscopic observations show that the large somata of these different cell types are located either in the granule cell layer or within 30-50 micron of this layer. The somata of basket cells are pyramidal, horizontal, fusiform or multipolar. Dendrites of basket cells are aspinous or sparsely spinous and are found in all layers of the dentate gyrus. Their axons form an extensive plexus in the granule cell and lower molecular layers. Electron microscopic preparations of Golgi-impregnated, gold toned basket cells revealed gold-labelled neurons with distinct ultrastructural features. All somata of basket cells displayed an extensive perikaryal cytoplasm with large Nissl bodies and nuclei with infoldings, euchromatin, intranuclear rods and sheets, and large nucleoli. The aspinous dendrites as well as the somata had a mixture of asymmetric and symmetric synapses on their surfaces. Basket cell dendrites located in the hilus were contacted by numerous terminals with characteristics of mossy fibres derived from granule cells. Some of these terminals were identified positively in preparations that also contained impregnated granule cells. The axons of basket cells formed exclusively symmetric synapses. The most common postsynaptic structures to these terminals were the somata and dendrites of granule cells. Dendritic spines were rarely contacted by basket cell axons while the axon hillocks and initial segments of granule cells were never contacted. These findings are consistent with previous immunocytochemical, and physiological data that indicate feedback inhibitory mechanisms in the dentate gyrus are mediated via mossy fibre collaterals which synapse with GABAergic basket cells. In addition, the electron microscopic data for basket cells are similar to those for aspinous stellate cells in the neocortex, another type of cortical, GABAergic local circuit neuron. Thus, the basket cells in the dentate gyrus may have a function similar to other inhibitory, cortical local circuit neurons. PMID- 6619906 TI - The formation and maturation of synapses in the visual cortex of the rat. I. Qualitative analysis. AB - Synapse formation and maturation were examined in the visual cortex of albino rats from birth to maturity. During the first few days of postnatal life, synapses were sparsely scattered in the subplate zone and in layer I. They appeared immature as judged by the irregular shapes of the presynaptic and postsynaptic profiles, the relatively poorly defined membrane specializations and the presence of only a few synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic structures. As the neuropil matured, synapses were observed throughout the cortex, showing increased thickening of the membrane specializations and more vesicles. However, it was not until the end of the fourth postnatal week that they appeared qualitatively indistinguishable from synapses identified in the adult material. A feature characteristic of the developing visual cortex was the presence of vacant membrane specializations that resembled type I postsynaptic densities. These specializations, which were located either opposite extracellular space or opposite another neuronal process, were only evident during the initial stages of synaptogenesis and their frequency decreased as the number of synapses increased. In addition, transitional forms between these densities and true type I synapses were identified during the first two postnatal weeks. Structures that resembled vacant postsynaptic densities typical of type II synapses were not observed. The earliest identified forms of type II synaptic contacts identified consisted of two profiles that exhibited symmetrical membrane specializations and cleft material. Based on these observations, a scheme has been proposed for the formation of type I and type II synapses in the visual cortex of the rat. PMID- 6619907 TI - The formation and maturation of synapses in the visual cortex of the rat. II. Quantitative analysis. AB - We have examined quantitatively the formation and maturation of synapses in the visual cortex of the rat. The density of the total number of synapses (synapses per 100 micron2 neuropil) as well as the densities of Gray's type I and type II contacts were estimated from photographic montages of coronal strips of visual cortex from rats of various postnatal ages. Histograms of synaptic density as a function of depth were prepared, and the mean values of the postsynaptic density length and vesicle number per terminal were estimated for the two synapse types at each age examined. During the first few days of life, synapses were concentrated in the subplate region. By the latter part of the second postnatal week they were present throughout the cortex and an adult-like distribution, in which the highest densities were present in the superficial layers, was achieved by day 14. The postsynaptic density length of the type I synapses remained relatively unchanged during development but that of the type II synapses was more variable. Specifically, it was significantly longer during the second and third postnatal weeks compared to earlier ages and to adult values. The mean number of vesicles per terminal for the two synapse types increased with age until day 28. Subsequently, it only increased slightly between days 28 and 90 for the type I synapses but decreased significantly for the type II synaptic contacts. At all ages examined, type I synapses formed the majority of synaptic contacts. The developmental pattern appeared to differ for the two synapse types. The density of type I synapses increased continuously during the first three weeks and achieved a mean value close to that of adult animals by day 20. In contrast, the density of type II synapses did not increase significantly until day 6, increased dramatically in the second and third postnatal weeks, and then declined markedly between days 20 and 90. The observed decrease in the density of type II synaptic contacts is a clear example of synapse elimination in the visual cortex. PMID- 6619908 TI - Morphological and physiological properties of geniculate W-cells of the cat: a comparison with X- and Y-cells. PMID- 6619909 TI - Response characteristics of lateral hypothalamic neurons to odors in unanesthetized rabbits. AB - Extracellular responses of 103 neurons to eight odors were studied in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) of unanesthetized rabbits. In response to electrical stimulation of the olfactory bulb (OB), 97 units were excited with latencies of 3.7-68.0 ms (mean, 19.4 ms) and the activity of 6 units was suppressed. In the LHA, 90 units of 103 were found that responded to from one to eight odors. The number of units that responded to three odors was the most numerous (22%) among these odor-sensitive units. Lateral hypothalamic (LH) neurons showed high response probabilities to cineole (0.72), cyclotene (0.68), and isovaleric acid (0.54). Of the recorded units, 94% showed an excitatory-type response to both electrical stimulation of the OB and odor stimuli of the olfactory mucosa, while only 6% showed an inhibitory-type response to both stimuli. These results suggest that the olfactory effect on the LHA is predominantly excitatory. Responses to a concentration series of odors were examined in 24 LH neurons. In most cases, response intensity did not increase monotonically with increasing odor concentration. Instead, the concentration-response curves of most units showed a peak or inflections during the concentration series. Compared with results obtained from other olfactory structures in different species, it appears that LH neurons do not contribute much to odor discrimination in rabbits. PMID- 6619910 TI - Effect of eye rotation on visual-field map onto superior colliculus and visual cortex. AB - We used multiunit recording to assess the effect of rotating one eye approximately 90 degrees at about the time of normal eye opening. Rotation of the eye did not alter the topography of the retinal maps onto visual cortex or superior colliculus. The intorted eye drove cells at most recording points in the contralateral visual cortex and superior colliculus. In its ipsilateral colliculus the intorted eye drove cells at about 10% of the recording points; that is, the temporal retina of this eye was quite ineffective in driving collicular cells. In its ipsilateral cortex the intorted eye drove cells at about 30% of the recording sites. The unoperated eye drove cells at all locations in both colliculus and cortex on both sides of the brain. The effects of extorsion were studied only in the superior colliculus. Extorsion and intorsion produced similar results except that extorsion produced a less severe deficit in the ability of the temporal retina to drive cells in its ipsilateral colliculus. Cutting all the extraocular muscles without eye rotation was studied only in the colliculus and produced results similar to those produced by intorsion and extorsion. However, the temporal retina of the operated eye was more effective after muscle cut alone than after intorsion or extorsion. Forcing the animal to use the rotated right eye alone on alternate days during the first 3 mo of life did not decrease the deficits. Almost all recording sites in the right colliculus were driven only by the unoperated left eye. If the left eye was sutured when the right eye was rotated, only the right eye drove cells in the left colliculus, but the two eyes were about equally effective in the right colliculus; however, rather few sites in the right colliculus were binocularly driven. We conclude that both extraocular muscle section and eye rotation reduce the effectiveness of the uncrossed input from the operated eye to the superior colliculus and visual cortex. The effects on the superior colliculus are, however, greater. PMID- 6619911 TI - Effects of eye rotation on visually guided behavior. AB - Visually guided behavior was examined in cats reared with one eye intorted, one eye extorted, or monocular section of the extraocular muscles. Kittens from 2 to 4 mo old jumped from a tower onto a platform in a pan of water. They refused to jump or missed the platform more often when forced to use the rotated eye than when forced to use the unoperated eye. This deficit was eliminated if the non rotated eye was sutured at the time of eye rotation. Further, when the extraocular muscles were cut but the eye was not rotated, jumping was normal. Acuity was measured using an alley box in which the cats were required to distinguish between horizontal and vertical stripes. No cats were blind when tested with the operated eye. Although not conclusive, the data suggest that the acuity of the rotated eye was slightly lower than that of the unoperated eye. The visual field of the rotated eye was also abnormal. Regardless of the direction of eye rotation, the cats appeared blind in the contralateral and lower visual quadrants. This field deficit was much less severe in animals with extraocular muscle section alone and did not occur in rotation-plus-suture animals. The visual-field deficits in the contralateral field can be explained by assuming that each collicular or cortical region always controls orienting to the same region of the visual field. We are, however, unable to explain the deficits in the lower field in terms of the mapping data from the previous paper (4). PMID- 6619912 TI - Higher order neurons in buccal ganglia of Pleurobranchaea elicit vomiting motor activity. AB - The buccal mass of the gastropod Pleurobranchaea is used during a regurgitation response that consists of a writhing phase interrupted by brief periodic bouts of a vomiting phase (17, 20). During transitions from writhing to vomiting, specific changes occur in the motor pattern (19, 20). Evidence is presented suggesting that at least some of the initiation or "command" neurons for vomiting reside in the buccal ganglia. The present paper examines the role of two candidate vomiting initiation cells, the ventral white cells (VWC) and midganglionic cells (MC), in the buccal ganglia of isolated nervous systems. Stimulation of single VWCs activates a vomiting motor pattern, consisting in part of alternating buccal root activity. Furthermore, the VWCs fire in high-frequency bursts during episodes (i.e., bouts) of this same vomiting pattern. Mutual reexcitation between the VWCs and motor pattern generator (MPG) appears to produce the accelerated buildup and maintenance of vomiting rhythms. Brief stimulation of single MCs "triggers" bouts of a vomiting motor pattern, but the membrane potential of this cell is only modulated during this same pattern, at least in the isolated nervous system. It is proposed that in intact animals the MCs are activated by sensory inputs and briefly excite the VWC-MPG network, thereby turning on the mutual reexcitatory mechanism mentioned above and switching the output pattern. A general implication for gastropod research is that higher order neurons that activate buccal root activity cannot automatically be given the function of "feeding command neuron," as some cells clearly control other responses, such as vomiting. PMID- 6619913 TI - Effect of articular disease and total knee arthroplasty on knee joint-position sense. AB - Joint proprioception in the human knee has been studied using two previously described tests. Threshold of detection of slow, constant, passive motion and ability to reproduce angles to which the knee was passively placed were accurately measured. A group of postoperative total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients were examined. All patients also had documented articular disease in the unoperated knee. Results were compared to age-matched controls. In addition, a young control group was studied for comparison to both groups. A significant difference was seen between the young control group and the older control group in both tests performed. Age-matched controls and the postoperative patients demonstrated an even greater difference. There was, however, no difference between the operated and unoperated knee among the TKA patients. It is concluded that joint proprioception declines to some degree with normal aging. A more marked decline is associated with degenerative joint disease. Total joint replacement, however, did not lead to a further decrease in sensation. PMID- 6619914 TI - Behavioral organization of reticular formation: studies in the unrestrained cat. I. Cells related to axial, limb, eye, and other movements. PMID- 6619915 TI - Behavioral organization of reticular formation: studies in the unrestrained cat. II. Cells related to facial movements. PMID- 6619916 TI - Storage of serotonin in vivo as a complex with serotonin-binding protein in central and peripheral serotonergic neurons. AB - Serotonin-binding protein (SBP) is a soluble protein found in synaptic vesicles of central and peripheral serotonergic neurons. Experiments were undertaken to determine whether serotonin (5-HT) is physiologically stored as a complex with SBP in vivo. [3H]5-HT was used as a probe. Neurons were allowed to specifically take up the labeled amine and attempts were made to recover the in vivo formed [3H]5-HT X SBP complex. Rats were perfused intraventricularly (3 hr) with [3H]5 HT. Strips of rabbit enteric nervous system (ENS) were incubated with [3H]5-HT in the presence of desipramine. The tissues were then homogenized so as to disrupt synaptic vesicles; protein-bound [3H]5-HT was obtained from the 100,000 X g supernatant by filtration on Sephadex G-50 and subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Studies with [3H]5-HT added just prior to homogenization indicated that the [3H]5-HT X SBP complex had formed intraneuronally, prior to homogenization. The protein X [3H]5-HT complexes from brain and gut migrated on the gels with apparent molecular weights of 45,000 and 56,000, corresponding to those measured by SDS-PAGE for purified SBP; however, the 45-kilodalton (kd) molecule predominated when the SBP complex was formed in vivo, whereas the 56-kd molecule predominated when the SBP X [3H]5-HT complex was formed with extracted SBP. It is possible that the 56-kd SBP is characteristic of the molecule in perikarya or nonterminal axons, whereas the 45 kd molecule is characteristic of terminal varicosities because radioautographic results show that in both the central nervous system and ENS, [3H]5-HT is mostly concentrated in terminals. In any case, newly taken up [3H]5-HT preferentially labels 45-kd SBP. Depletion of endogenous 5-HT by placing animals on a tryptophan deficient diet increased the amount of exogenous [3H]5-HT bound to SBP in vivo. This suggests that endogenous 5-HT is normally bound to SBP and competes with the [3H]5-HT probe for available binding sites. The binding of 5-HT to SBP within vesicles may be important to reduce the osmotic pressure that would build up in synaptic vesicles if 5-HT were free in solution. PMID- 6619917 TI - Connections of the multiple visual cortical areas with the lateral posterior pulvinar complex and adjacent thalamic nuclei in the cat. AB - The present report describes the patterns of cat thalamocortical interconnections for each of the 13 retinotopically ordered visual areas and additional visual areas for which no retinotopy has yet emerged. Small injections (75 nl) of a mixture of horseradish peroxidase and [3H]leucine were made through a recording pipette at cortical injection sites identified by retinotopic mapping. The patterns of thalamic label show that the lateral posterior-pulvinar complex of the cat is divided into three distinct functional zones, each of which contains a representation of the visual hemifield and shows unique afferent and efferent connectivity patterns. The pulvinar nucleus projects to areas 19, 20a, 20b, 21a, 21b, 5, 7, the splenial visual area, and the cingulate gyrus. The lateral division of the lateral posterior nucleus projects to areas 17, 18, 19, 20a, 20b, 21a, 21b, and the anterior medial (AMLS), posterior medial (PMLS), and ventral (VLS) lateral suprasylvian areas. The medial division of the lateral posterior nucleus projects to areas AMLS, PMLS, VLS, and the anterior lateral (ALLS), posterior lateral (PLLS), dorsal (DLS) lateral suprasylvian areas, and the posterior suprasylvian areas. In addition, many of these visual areas are also interconnected with subdivisions of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGd). Every retinotopically ordered cortical area (except ALLS and AMLS) is reciprocally interconnected with the parvocellular C layers of the LGd. The medial intralaminar nucleus of the LGd projects to areas 17, 18, 19, AMLS, and PMLS. Finally, each cortical area (except area 17) receives a projection from thalamic intralaminar nuclei. These results help to define the pathways by which visual information gains access to the vast system of extrastriate cortex in the cat. PMID- 6619918 TI - On and off sublaminae in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the ferret. AB - Like the retinal ganglion cells from which they receive their input, most relay neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus have ON- or OFF-center receptive fields with antagonistic surrounds. In the cat, neurons with these two types of receptive fields are anatomically intermingled, even though the ON and OFF systems are functionally segregated. In the ferret, there is a sublamination of the retinal input to lateral geniculate nucleus laminae A and A1. We have investigated the function of this sublamination by making microelectrode recordings and have found that each sublamina consists of geniculate neurons of a single center type. PMID- 6619919 TI - Laser microbeam surgery: ultrastructural changes associated with neurite transection in culture. AB - The exposure of neuronal and glial cell processes to a large number (up to 300) of 12-nsec laser pulses at a wavelength of 337 nm and energy densities below the threshold for nonlinear absorption results in a gradual, gentle process transection in the laser focus. Within 10 to 20 sec after cessation of firing, the process pinches in the target area. During this time, mitochondria become swollen and bleached, the plasma membrane develops an obvious tautness, microtubules disappear, and organelles accumulate to either side of the process constriction. Depending on the irradiation parameters, a local pinching may proceed to a transection in about 30 sec or it may reverse to yield a normal appearing process in approximately 5 min. Severe process pinching is accompanied by a sudden depolarization that may last for 2 to 5 min and is usually followed by a repolarization to the original resting potential even if the process has transected. Spiral retraction of cut processes and cytoplasmic spillage observed after mechanical transections are not seen with this laser method. Process stretching is minimized or eliminated. Extensive vacuolization often associated with mechanical transections does not develop unless substrate involvement in the form of shock waves is apparent. For the performance of cell surgery in culture, this method appears to offer a reliable approach to morphological alteration of single cells and to the tailoring of two-dimensional neuronal networks. It should also allow more quantitative and better-controlled studies of axonotmesis, degeneration, and regeneration on the single cell level, and it may be used as a probe for the investigation of cytoskeletal dynamics. A mechanism describing the cytoskeletal changes associated with laser-induced cell process transection is proposed. PMID- 6619920 TI - Sprouting and regeneration of sensory axons after destruction of ensheathing glial cells in the leech central nervous system. AB - To test the importance of glia during regeneration of mechanosensory neuron axons in the leech central nervous system, individual glial cells that ensheathed the axons were destroyed by intracellular protease injection. Recordings with intracellular microelectrodes showed that glial-desheathed axons re-established synaptic connections with their appropriate target cell, a motor neuron, as frequently and as selectively as control, glial-ensheathed axons. Intracellular staining with horseradish peroxidase showed that desheathed regenerating axons sprouted more than controls, and loss of the glial cell in some cases caused uninjured (intact) axons to sprout. Successful, accurate regeneration could occur whether axons grew along normal or along aberrant pathways. The distal stumps of some sensory axons severed from cell bodies and maintained in organ culture survived without their glial sheath for up to 3 weeks. These experiments show that, although loss of the glial cell affects sensory axon growth, the glial cell is not required for accurate axonal regeneration in the leech central nervous system. PMID- 6619921 TI - The influence of motor preparation on the response of cerebellar neurons to limb displacements. AB - This study examined the influence of "motor set" on the response of neurons in the deep cerebellar nuclei to peripheral afferent inputs. Two monkeys were trained to perform arm movements which were triggered by imposed displacements of their forelimb. Imposed displacements were generated by a torque motor which was coupled to a handle held by the monkey. The direction of the triggered movements depended on a prior instruction presented to the animal before the onset of the imposed displacement. Single neuron recordings were made from 105 interpositus and 191 dentate neurons whose activity was related to the performance of the task. Forty-three of the interpositus and 46 of the dentate neurons displayed a change in activity within 70 msec of the onset of the imposed displacement. None of these neurons displayed a neural response following the onset of the instruction. The short latency response of most interpositus neurons was related to the parameters of the afferent input generated by the imposed displacements. For more than 60% of the interpositus neurons this response was strongly influenced by the direction of the imposed displacement. None of these responses were markedly altered by the prior instructions. In contrast, the short latency response of 67% of the dentate neurons, although triggered by the imposed displacement, was markedly altered by the "motor set" of the animal. For most of the dentate neurons whose activity was influenced by the animal's "motor set," the neural response was contingent on two factors: (1) the prior instruction given to the animal and (2) the direction of the imposed displacement. In a second set of dentate neurons (13% of those influenced by motor preparation) the characteristics of the short latency response were determined solely by the nature of the prior instruction. For these neurons the imposed displacement served as a trigger for possible changes in the activity. Thus, dentate neuron activity can behave like a motor command signal which is triggered at short latency by a peripheral event but depends on the intent of the animal. PMID- 6619922 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of glutamic acid decarboxylase in normal and deafferented superior colliculus: evidence for reorganization of gamma aminobutyric acid synapses. AB - There is circumstantial evidence that GABAergic synaptic terminals in the superior colliculus might become reorganized in response to a loss of the retinal innervation of this brain region. The present investigation tests this possibility by identifying gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons and their synaptic relationships with an immunocytochemical localization of the GABA synthesizing enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), and by comparing these synaptic relationships in normal superior colliculus with those present 6 and 16 weeks after unilateral eye removal. In normal superior colliculus, light microscopy revealed a much denser concentration of GAD-positive reaction product in the superficial layers than in the intermediate and deep collicular layers. Most of this reaction product was contained within small, punctate structures, but GAD-positive somata and proximal dendrites also were observed. Electron microscopy showed that GAD was localized in numerous synaptic terminals, including those that were the presynaptic elements of dendrodendritic synapses. The vast majority of GAD-positive presynaptic elements formed symmetric synaptic junctions. In addition, GAD-positive profiles frequently were postsynaptic to unstained retinal terminals as well as presynaptic to unstained dendritic profiles and thus participated in serial synaptic relationships. Furthermore, both retinal and GAD-positive elements commonly were presynaptic to the same postsynaptic dendrite, and often these synaptic contracts were adjacent to each other. In deafferented specimens, profiles with the characteristics of retinal axon terminals were not observed, whereas there appeared to be no reduction of GAD-positive synaptic profiles. However, there was a marked and statistically significant increase in the proportion of GAD-positive presynaptic terminals that formed asymmetric synaptic contacts in superior colliculus deprived of retinal input. This change indicates that partial deafferentation induces a reorganization of GAD-positive synapses. The long-term presence of the GABA synthesizing enzyme within reorganized synaptic terminals also suggests that such presynaptic elements could produce and, presumably, release neurotransmitter. PMID- 6619923 TI - Synaptic responses and electrical properties of cells in brain slices of the mouse anteroventral cochlear nucleus. AB - Intracellular recordings were made from cells in brain slices of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus. Responses to electrical stimulation of the stump of the auditory nerve were: (1) all-or-none, following the stimulus with no delay, and insensitive to the removal of extracellular Ca2+, probably representing the firing of directly stimulated auditory nerve fibers, or (2) graded, excitatory postsynaptic potentials, with synaptic delays of about 0.7 msec, which were often followed by graded, inhibitory synaptic potentials with synaptic delays of 1.2 msec or longer. The excitatory and inhibitory synaptic potentials were abolished by the removal of extracellular Ca2+. The result that delays of inhibitory synaptic responses were at least 2 times as long as those of excitatory ones indicates that probably an additional synapse was interposed. Responses to intracellularly injected current pulses show that cells in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus have one of two types of electrical characteristics. Type I properties are characterized by linear current-voltage relationships in the subthreshold voltage range and large, regularly firing action potentials in the suprathreshold range. Type II properties are characterized by nonlinear current-voltage relationships; suprathreshold depolarization elicits only one or two small action potentials. Type II characteristics are particularly well suited for maintaining the information contained in the timing and patterns of firing of the auditory nerve fibers. PMID- 6619924 TI - Neurotrophic regulation of the phosphorylation of a soluble cytosolic protein in skeletal muscle. AB - Neural influences are exerted not only by propagation of nerve impulses, but also by trophic actions of the motor neuron upon its contiguous muscle cell. Previously, we found that the in vitro phosphorylation of soluble protein catalyzed by an endogenous protein kinase is increased in cytosolic fractions from denervated soleus muscles. This alteration occurred within several hours after the loss of some neural influence, but not as an immediate consequence of denervation (Squinto, S. P., J. A. McLane, and I. R. Held (1980) Neurosci. Lett. 20: 295-300; Squinto, S. P., J. A. McLane, and I. R. Held (1981) Neurochem. Res. 6: 203-211). In this paper, we further define the cytosolic protein substrates and demonstrate a nerve stump length-dependent phosphorylative modulation of the predominate substrate in rat soleus muscles which were denervated for 1, 3, and 6 hr and then at 6-hr intervals to 78 hr by unilaterally cutting the sciatic nerve to leave either a short (2 mm or less), intermediate (17 to 20 mm), or long (32 to 35 mm) distal nerve stump attached to the muscle. The results are compared with those obtained from sham-operated, contralateral solei and unoperated muscles. We found that the times of onset and of maximal increase of the in vitro phosphorylation of soluble cytosolic protein in denervated solei are directly related to the lengths of the distal nerve stumps; i.e., 1.4 hr/mm and 1.3 hr/mm, respectively, based upon linear regression analysis. Also, this alteration could be accounted for by an increased phosphorylation of a 56-kilodalton soluble cytosolic protein which was resolved as a minor protein-staining band after SDS slab PAGE. Although gel autoradiographs clearly showed that other soluble cytosolic proteins were also phosphorylated, approximately 80% of the incorporated 32P label was bound to the 56-kilodalton substrate. The transfer of 32PO4 from [gamma-32P]ATP to the 56-kilodalton protein during the assay was markedly inhibited by cAMP, but was not affected by Ca2+, cGMP, or a specific inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The possibility that the 56 kilodalton protein substrate is the autophosphorylatable regulatory subunit of protein kinase type II is discussed. The temporal relationship of the increased phosphorylation of the 56-kilodalton protein with the denervation period and nerve stump length suggests this change is mediated by some neurotrophic regulation of skeletal muscle. PMID- 6619925 TI - Embryonic development of the leech nervous system: primary axon outgrowth of identified neurons. AB - This paper describes the embryonic development of the leech nervous system and focuses on the differentiation of two identified pressure sensory (P) neurons, the PD and PV neurons. In the adult leech the P neurons have distinctive cell body locations in the central nervous system (CNS), different peripheral axon branching patterns, and different receptive field territories in the skin. The embryonic P neurons also have distinct and reproducible locations in the CNS and have been studied with recording and dye-filled microelectrodes from the time the first growth cones are projected from their somata. The peripheral axons of the P neurons are among the earliest peripheral axons to develop and may play an important role in the formation of peripheral nerves. The first or primary peripheral axons of the P neurons grow directly to their separate target territories. The specificity of the P neurons for their targets is probably not due to temporal differences in the outgrowth of their primary axons. Instead, the PD neuron seems to exhibit a preference early in embryogenesis for the target of its primary axon despite an apparent opportunity to occupy the target of the PV primary axon. It is hypothesized that the primary peripheral axons of the P neurons are among the first axons projected from the CNS and follow environmental cues to reach and innervate their target territories. PMID- 6619926 TI - Comparison of outcome in two series of patients with severe head injuries. AB - A comparison is made between the outcome distributions of two Dutch series of patients with severe head injuries. Both series are taken from the same study and cover the same period (1974 to 1977). There is a large difference in survival rate between the series: 45% versus 63%. The authors present a possible method for assessing the influence of differences in initial severity of injury on outcome. It is estimated that, of the 18% difference in survival rate, 10.5% is due to differences in severity of injury on admission. The remaining 7.5% difference in survival rate is not explained, but may have been caused by unmeasured variations in the initial determination of severity of injury or by differences in effectiveness of management. The higher survival rate was achieved at the center with the more conservative management regimen. An evaluation of recent literature suggests that reports that do not find aspects of "aggressive" management beneficial are more reliable in comparing series than are those that claim improved outcome after aggressive therapy. PMID- 6619927 TI - Cognitive outcome and early indices of severity of head injury. AB - Neuropsychological outcome of 100 patients with severe head injuries is correlated with their clinical condition on admission. The aim of this paper is to estimate the reliability of several early indices of brain damage severity in formulating a prognosis. Both the Glasgow Coma Scale and the neurological syndrome involved appeared to be highly reliable in this respect. The duration of coma and of posttraumatic amnesia was not as significant. Since these two parameters were assessed when reviewing the cases, they have to be considered only as retrospective judgments. The findings emphasized the importance of reflex ocular motility and the value of recording electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, particularly EEG sleep patterns. The relationship between rapid eye movement sleep impairment and cognitive defects was highly significant. Analysis of surgical observations demonstrated that purely compressive expanding lesions were not as harmful as parenchymal damage. Of paramount importance was the time lapse between injury and surgery, since secondary lesions may develop and affect cerebral areas that are involved both in sleep organization and in memory functions. PMID- 6619928 TI - Outcome from severe head injury related to the type of intracranial lesion. A computerized tomography study. AB - The influence of the type of intracranial lesion on the final outcome in a consecutive series of 277 severely head-injured patients was analyzed. Patients were studied with computerized tomography (CT) and underwent continuous measurement of intracranial pressure. They received identical treatment according to a standardized protocol. Outcome of patients with either epidural hematoma (38 cases), subdural hematoma (56 cases), brain contusion (87 cases), or diffuse brain damage (96 cases) was rather heterogeneous, and serial CT scanning allowed the authors to outline eight consistent anatomical patterns in the whole series which have stronger prognostic significance than the four major lesion categories mentioned above. Patients with pure extracerebral hematoma (19 cases), single brain contusion (45 cases), general brain swelling (41 cases), and normal CT scans (28 cases) had a significantly better outcome than patients developing acute hemispheric swelling after operation for a large extracerebral hematoma (27 cases), patients with multiple brain contusion, either unilateral or bilateral (74 cases), and patients with diffuse axonal injury (43 cases). These anatomical patterns are interesting because, in addition to having clinical and physiopathological significance, they provide useful prognostic information and facilitate improved therapeutic decision-making in severely head-injured patients. PMID- 6619929 TI - Mortality following penetrating craniocerebral injuries. An analysis of the deaths in the Vietnam Head Injury Registry population. AB - A population of 1127 men with penetrating craniocerebral injuries who were alive 1 week after their injuries has been followed for 15 years. During this time, 90 deaths (8%) occurred. Most of the deaths occurred early in the 1st year after trauma and were secondary to the direct effects of brain injury or the sequelae of coma. Complications, particularly infections, were significant mortality factors. Coma was the best prognostic guideline. Posttraumatic epilepsy was not related to mortality except for the risks accompanying each ictus. The population now appears to be approaching the actuarial norm of their peers. PMID- 6619930 TI - Presence of immunosuppressive factors in brain-tumor cyst fluid. AB - The present investigation was conducted to examine the effects upon normal lymphocyte activation of the addition of brain-tumor cyst fluid or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to an in vitro culture system. It was believed that factors present in these fluids may play a role in local and systemic immunosuppression in brain tumor patients. The authors evaluated the effect of the cyst fluid, CSF, and serum from eight patients with brain tumors (one astrocytoma, five glioblastoma multiforme, one medulloblastoma, and one microglioma) on mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte function as measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation, cell size distribution, and cellular proliferation. Lymphocytes from normal volunteers were incubated for 90 hours in culture medium with 10% pooled human serum, mitogens (phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen), and a range of volumes of cyst fluid or CSF from the tumor patients. Significant suppression of mitogen-induced activation of the lymphocytes was demonstrated in the presence of cyst fluid from five out of six patients, but the mitogen response was only minimally affected by the addition of the CSF from these patients to the culture medium. The suppression of lymphocyte activation by cyst fluid was directly proportional in several cases to the concentration of the cyst fluid. The total protein, albumin, and immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations in the cyst fluids were observed to roughly correspond to the serum levels and were much higher than in CSF. These studies suggest that brain-tumor cells locally produce lymphocyte suppressive factors which may then be released into blood. Preliminary characterization of the suppressive factor(s) responsible for the inhibition of lymphocyte function indicates that they are non-dialyzable and do not appear to be an IgG. PMID- 6619931 TI - Adverse impact of a calcium entry-blocker (verapamil) on intracranial pressure in patients with brain tumors. AB - In order to examine the effects of verapamil on intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients with compromised intracranial compliance, five hypertensive patients with supratentorial tumors were given verapamil, 5 mg intravenously, at the time of anesthesia induction. Within 4 minutes, ICP increased 67% from 18 +/- 4 mm Hg (standard error) to 27 +/- 5 mm Hg (p less than 0.05), whereas mean arterial pressure decreased 20% from 111 +/- 7 mm Hg to 89 +/- 4 mm Hg (p less than 0.05), and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) decreased 33% from 93 +/- 11 mm Hg to 62 +/ 6 mm Hg (p less than 0.05). The increases in ICP responded promptly to hyperventilation and intravenous lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg). A control group of five hypertensive patients with supratentorial tumors received the same anesthetic agents without verapamil. In this group, ICP and CPP were unchanged. The authors conclude that calcium entry-blockers, such as verapamil, should be avoided in patients with compromised intracranial compliance unless ICP is being monitored and proper therapy for intracranial hypertension can be rapidly instituted. PMID- 6619932 TI - The influence of systemic arterial pressure and intracranial pressure on the development of cerebral vasogenic edema. AB - The influence of intracranial pressure (ICP), systemic arterial pressure (SAP), and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) upon the development of vasogenic cerebral edema is largely unknown. To study their relationship, the authors have produced an osmotic disruption of the blood-brain barrier unilaterally in rabbits by injecting 1 cc/kg of 2M NaCl into the left internal carotid artery. The amount of vasogenic edema produced was assessed by quantitation of the extravasation of Evans blue dye into the area of maximum blood-brain barrier breakdown by means of optical densitometry following formamide extraction. The ICP was measured using a cisterna magna catheter into which mock cerebrospinal fluid could be infused at a predetermined pressure. The SAP was controlled by exsanguination from a femoral artery catheter. In 18 animals in which blood pressure was not controlled, no significant relationship between the ICP and the degree of Evans blue dye extravasation was noted. In these animals, however, a direct relationship between CPP (defined as mean arterial pressure minus mean ICP) and extravasation of Evans blue dye was found (correlation coefficient 0.630; p less than 0.001). When ICP was held constant at 0 to 5 mm Hg in another group of 16 animals and different levels of blood pressure were produced by exsanguination, a significant direct relationship between extravasation of Evans blue dye and the SAP was found (correlation coefficient 0.786; p less than 0.001). In a third group of 20 animals, the blood pressure was held constant at 90 to 100 mm Hg and the ICP was varied between 0 and 75 mm Hg. There was a highly significant result indicating increasing Evans blue dye extravasation with lower levels of ICP (p less than 0.001). Cerebral blood flow determinations by the hydrogen clearance method indicated loss of autoregulation in all animals in the areas of brain injured by intracarotid hypertonic saline. These results indicate that high SAP and low ICP (that is, a large CPP) promote Evans blue dye extravasation in this model of blood-brain barrier disruption. This finding has implications for the management of patients with vasogenic edema. PMID- 6619933 TI - Intracranial volume-pressure relationship in man. Part 2: Clinical significance of the pressure-volume index. AB - Pressure-volume indices (PVI's) were determined for a heterogeneous group of 40 patients who underwent continuous monitoring of ventricular fluid pressure (VFP). The main purpose was to investigate the relationship between VFP and PVI and to establish the significance of the measured PVI values. Determinations of PVI appear to be useful only when baseline VFP is under 20 mm Hg, maximum VFP is under 30 mm Hg, A-waves are absent, and B-waves do not occur numerously. The authors advocate starting with 1-ml bolus infusions, and then, when the resulting pressure rise exceeds 4 mm Hg, additional bolus infusions can be omitted. Results indicate that 13 ml and 10 ml are the key values for the PVI. A PVI of less than 13 ml indicates the need for either reduction of VFP and improvement of compliance or intensive monitoring of both the VFP and the volume-pressure relationship; if the PVI is below 10 ml, anti-hypertensive treatment is almost always necessary. Values of PVI's between 13 and 18 ml, although pathological, usually have no therapeutic consequences. PMID- 6619934 TI - Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid pulse wave in intracranial pressure. AB - The configuration of the intracranial pressure (ICP) pulse wave represents a complex sum of various components. Amplitude variations of an isolated component might reflect changes in a specific intracranial structure. Fifteen awake patients suffering from hydrocephalus, benign intracranial hypertension, or head injury underwent ICP monitoring through a ventricular catheter and were subjected to three standardized maneuvers to alter the intracranial dynamics: head elevation, voluntary hyperventilation, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) withdrawal. A 12 degrees head elevation and fractionated CSF withdrawal caused a mild ICP drop and a proportionate amplitude reduction of all the wave components. Voluntary hyperventilation caused a comparable fall in ICP, and a disproportionate reduction in the amplitude of the wave components, especially the P2 component. It is postulated that the decrease in amplitude of the P2 component reflects the reduction of the cerebral bulk caused by hyperventilation. Head elevation and CSF withdrawal caused a decrease of global ICP but no specific changes in any intracranial structure, and consequently the configuration of the pulse wave remained unchanged. The establishment of relationships between anatomical substrate and particular wave components is promising since potentially it could be useful for monitoring conditions such as vasoparalysis, impaired cerebrovascular reactivity, and cerebral edema. PMID- 6619935 TI - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography in the assessment of patients for carotid endarterectomy. AB - Preoperative intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IV DSA) was compared with the operative findings in 54 patients who underwent a total of 57 carotid endarterectomies, to evaluate the accuracy of preoperative IV DSA in predicting the lesion found at surgery. Four studies early in the series were technically unsatisfactory, leaving 50 patients with 53 procedures for evaluation. Severe carotid artery stenosis was accurately predicted in all cases. Deep ulceration in the absence of severe carotid stenosis was reliably shown by IV DSA, although it was not reliably demonstrated by either IV DSA or carotid angiography if severe stenosis was also present. As severe carotid stenosis or deep ulceration are the major radiological indications for carotid endarterectomy, the authors have found that technically satisfactory IV DSA is an adequate preoperative imaging technique. PMID- 6619936 TI - Consequences of dural defects acquired in infancy. AB - Four infants underwent craniectomy for craniosynostosis and subsequently developed an expanding cranial defect with herniation of brain. All four had an unrepaired laceration of the dura. The pathophysiology of this entity and of the growing fracture of childhood are discussed, and a unified interpretation of the consequences of unrepaired dural defects is proposed. PMID- 6619937 TI - Spinal cord compression due to prolapse of cervical intervertebral disc (herniation of nucleus pulposus). Treatment in 26 cases by discectomy without interbody bone graft. AB - Twenty-six patients who presented with spinal cord compression due to cervical disc prolapse (herniation of the nucleus pulposus) were treated by anterior discectomy. There was a high incidence of disc prolapse at the C3-4 level. The most severe degrees of preoperative disability were associated with prolapse at that level. Impairment of posterior column function, particularly in the upper limbs, played a major part in producing disability. High cervical disc prolapse can produce a clinical picture that is predominantly like that of a posterior cord syndrome. Preexisting fusion of vertebral bodies in the cervical spine and a history of cervical spinal trauma appear to be predisposing factors. Discectomy is an effective treatment of this condition. Spinal cord compression due to cervical disc prolapse should be distinguished from spondylotic myelopathy. PMID- 6619938 TI - Secondary spinal canal stenosis associated with long-term ventriculoperitoneal shunting. AB - Secondary changes in the cervical spine were studied in 18 cases with long-term ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting. Significant decreases in the anteroposterior diameter of cervical spinal canal and interpedicular distance were noted in patients who had a VP shunt placed before 2 years of age and in whom sustained low intracranial pressure persisted for a long time, as evidenced by early closure of the cranial sutures or thickening of the cranial bones. PMID- 6619939 TI - Distraction rod stabilization in the treatment of metastatic carcinoma. AB - Stabilization of the spinal column with Harrington distraction rods and acrylic fusion was the primary form of treatment in a select group of patients with metastatic carcinoma of the spinal column. Clinical criteria included patients in poor general medical condition with intractable pain originating from metastatic tumor involvement in the ventral components of the thoracic or upper lumbar spinal column and minimal evidence or absence of spinal cord compression. After stabilization, pain relief was almost total and sustained, and neurological status generally remained unchanged from preoperative findings without any evidence of improvement of preexisting abnormalities or occasions of rapid neurological deterioration. This form of spinal stabilization may offer significant relief of debilitating pain, lessen the risk of pathological fracture dislocation of the thoracic or upper lumbar vertebral column, and reduction in the local compressive effects on the spinal cord caused by ventrally situated metastatic tumor. PMID- 6619940 TI - Carotid body tumors managed with preoperative embolization. Report of two cases. AB - Two patients with large vascular carotid body tumors underwent preoperative intravascular embolization of the major arterial feeders. The tumor vascularity was reduced markedly, and complete surgical extirpation was accomplished without difficulty. The literature on carotid body tumors is briefly reviewed. The role of preoperative embolization in the treatment of these difficult tumors is emphasized. PMID- 6619941 TI - Calcified pituitary adenoma associated with severe hyperprolactinemia. Case report. AB - A patient with a completely calcified chromophobe adenoma is reported. Endocrine evaluation revealed very high prolactin levels. Such extensive calcifications in prolactin-secreting adenomas are extremely rare. The possible pathogenetic mechanisms of this association are discussed. PMID- 6619942 TI - Tuberculoma mimicking a pinealoma. Case report. AB - Computerized tomography (CT) revealed obstructive hydrocephalus and a pineal mass in a 14-year-old girl who presented with headaches and a Parinaud's syndrome. Although there was no major evidence of extracranial tuberculosis, and cerebrospinal fluid obtained during third ventriculostomy contained no leukocytes, suboccipital transtentorial biopsy of the lesion revealed it to be a tuberculoma. Serial CT scans showed resolution of the lesion following subtotal resection and antituberculous therapy. The implications of this case with regard to difficulties in the diagnosis of cerebral tuberculoma and the management of pineal region tumors are discussed. PMID- 6619943 TI - Neonatal intracranial teratoma. Case report. AB - The authors report the successful total excision of an intracranial teratoma in a neonate. The pathology of this rare tumor and its prognosis in relation to the maturity of individual cell lines is discussed. A review of the previous operation experience in the neonatal age group shows that radical surgical excision of the tumor has seldom been attempted. There are no reported survivors with normal neurological development. The clinical presentation, preoperative evaluation, and operative management are discussed. Emphasis is laid on intensive supportive care in the perioperative period. The difficulty in predicting a benign or malignant course in these tumors justifies extreme caution in making a prognosis and demands careful follow-up supervision. Reoperation is indicated for recurrent benign tumors; malignant germ-cell tumors may respond to combined irradiation and chemotherapy. PMID- 6619944 TI - Regrowth of diastematomyelic bone spur after extradural resection. Case report. AB - Complete regrowth of a diastematomyelic bone septum producing progressive neurological deficits was found in a 15-year-old boy who had a previous extradural resection of a similar bone spur with the dural sleeve left untouched. This case and two similar cases in the literature documenting continued neurological deterioration after extradural removal of septum emphasize the need for resection of the dural sleeve along with the bone septum if adequate relief of tethering is expected. The capability of the septum to regenerate may be due to the persistence of residual mesenchymal cells associated with the embryogenesis of the midline septum. PMID- 6619946 TI - A variant of normal-pressure hydrocephalus simulating Pick's disease on computerized tomography. Report of two cases. AB - The authors present two cases of normal-pressure hydrocephalus that simulated Pick's disease radiographically and that were initially diagnosed as cortical atrophy. In both cases, Sylvian cisternoperitoneal shunts improved the clinical picture only temporarily, but ventriculoperitoneal shunting produced dramatic relief of all symptoms. PMID- 6619945 TI - Congenital neural abnormalities presenting with mirror movements in a patient with Klippel-Feil syndrome. Case report. AB - A young girl with Klippel-Feil syndrome presented with the onset of mirror movements in early childhood. Computerized tomography studies of her cervical spine and brain revealed fibrous diastematomyelia with duplication of the cervical spinal cord and an extra-axial midline posterior fossa cyst, together with the multiple cervical vertebral anomalies. Exploration of the posterior fossa lesion revealed it to be a dermoid cyst. The congenital spinal and cord abnormalities found in this case support the hypothesis that the Klippel-Feil syndrome may be associated with variable duplication of the spinal cord and that mirror movements may be related to impairment of pyramidal tract decussation. PMID- 6619947 TI - A cannula for use in ultrasonically guided biopsies of the brain. Technical note. AB - The authors describe a cannula that has been modified to improve its visibility during ultrasonically guided biopsies of the brain. To enhance the echogenicity of the tip of the cannula, six parallel rings, 0.25 to 0.30 mm deep and 0.40 to 0.50 mm apart, were etched into the tip of the cannula. The cannula was also lengthened to approximately 19 cm to permit its unencumbered passage through any biopsy guidance device that may be employed. Detailing the precise location of the tip of the biopsy cannula is most important. The tip of this modified probe is much more echogenic and hence more easily seen ultrasonically than it would be otherwise, both in vivo and in vitro. This modified cannula is useful in any ultrasonically guided intracranial biopsy procedure. PMID- 6619948 TI - Neurosurgical manpower questionnaire. PMID- 6619949 TI - Spinal evoked motor potentials. PMID- 6619950 TI - Epidural hygroma of the posterior fossa. PMID- 6619951 TI - Ventricular inundation due to rupture of an intracranial aneurysm during carotid angiography. AB - A case of rupture of an aneurysm of the right middle cerebral artery with ventricular inundation of the contrast medium during angiography is reported. The various causal factors in the rupture of the aneurysmatic sack during this examination are discussed. In particular, the implications of sudden changes in arteriolar pressure induced by the contrast medium when preexistent arterioral and encephalic lesions of organic or functional nature are present, are considered. PMID- 6619953 TI - Intracranial dermoid cysts. Diagnostic value of CT scan. Case reports. AB - The authors present two cases of intracranial dermoid cysts. The tomodensitometric and radiologic characteristics of the expansive process are considered. The preoperative differential diagnosis with other possible hypodense lesions is also discussed. PMID- 6619952 TI - Cerebral protection with diphenylhydantoin during disobliterating surgery of the sovra-aortic branches. AB - Cerebral metabolic protection in patients submitted to carotid tromboendoarterectomy (TEA) can be made by means of drugs, both in the clamping acute intraoperative phase and in the immediate post-operative period. The knowledge that DPH has the property of reducing CMRO2, the lactates production and of increasing the cerebral level of glucose, glycogen and phosphocreatinine, has persuaded us to use this drug instead of barbiturate, as a therapeutic protection to prevent hypoxic damages to the nervous cell. Our series include 12 patients submitted to carotid TEA in whom cerebral metabolic protection has been obtained by means of DPH at the dosage of 15-17 mg/kg body wt. injected intravenously in about 15' just before clamping. Using this type of pharmacologic protection, we have not observed any of the undesired effects in the cardiocirculatory system described in the literature. The prompt awakening, the absence of neurological deficits, the absence of side-effects suggest that DPH can be used to provide a cerebral metabolic protection during TEA. PMID- 6619954 TI - Spinal cord compression by solitary plasmocytoma. AB - A rare case of spinal cord compression caused by a solitary plasmocytoma situated at the level of the 9th and 10th thoracic vertebrae, is described. The solitary plasmocytoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of various types of spinal cord compression and considered as something completely separate from multiple myeloma (Willis, 1941). If operated on adequately, the solitary plasmocytoma can be considered a lesion with benign characteristics. PMID- 6619955 TI - Metabolic changes in the hippocampus after prolonged epileptic discharge. AB - Sustained epileptic seizures were induced in cats by means of penicillin (PCN). After a three hour period tissue from the archicortex was removed, frozen, and extracted for metabolic studies. The concentration of ATP, ADP, AMP, phosphocreatine, glucose, glucose-6-phosphate, pyruvate, lactate, glutamate and aspartate were determined. There was a 50% decrease in phosphocreatine concentration, a slight decrease in the level of ATP and a slight increase in the levels of ADP and AMP. There was a decrease in the total adenine nucleotide and the ATP/ADP and ATP/AMP ratios. The absence of a significant change in adenylate energy charge potential reflects the remarkable ability of the brain to stabilize its energy state even after intense seizure activity. A reflection of increased glycolysis is the presence of decreased glucose (nearly 50%), and increased lactate, concentrations. The metabolic changes observed in the archicortex are comparable to those observed by others in the neocortex, indicating perhaps the relative metabolic uniformity of these two types of cortex. PMID- 6619956 TI - Observations on the "dependent stage" of the "mirror focus". AB - The present communication was part of a larger study in which penicillin induced epileptogenic activity in the hippocampus of the "cerveau isole cat" was investigated. The discharge contralateral to the side of the PCN focus, i.e., the mirror focus, was dependent upon the integrity of the commissural pathways. Interhippocampal latencies of bisynchronous epileptogenic discharge varied between 0 and 50 msec (mean 20). Interestingly the discharges could occur absolutely simultaneously and even more surprising, the mirror focus discharge occasionally led that in the primary focus! An interpretation as to how this might occur is given. PMID- 6619957 TI - Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: medical or surgical treatment. AB - Eighty-six cases of spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage, some treated by surgery, some by medical therapy, were studied retrospectively. The two groups, characterized on the basis of numerous parameters were compared: the findings are discussed and interpreted in the hopes of indicating a correct therapeutic strategy. PMID- 6619958 TI - Influence of scan and pathologic criteria on the specificity of cholescintigraphy: concise communication. AB - The influence of scan and pathological criteria on the specificity of cholescintigraphy was assessed by a prospective study of 211 patients with suspected acute cholecystitis who underwent cholescintigraphy. Sufficient data were available in all to confirm a final diagnosis. Cholescintigraphy was performed in the standard fashion using 5 mCi of Tc-99m disofenin. Sixty patients had acute cholecystitis, 64 had chronic cholecystitis, and 87 had no demonstrable gallbladder disease. As the scan and pathological criteria for acute cholecystitis were varied from strict to liberal, the sensitivity of cholescintigraphy decreased (100% to 95.3%), the specificity increased (85.1% to 98.6%, and the predictive value increased (68.4% to 96.8%). The use of strict scan and pathological criteria for acute cholecystitis obscures the advantages that accrue from such early detection of acute cholecystitis by cholescintigraphy, and thus are to be avoided. To understand the disparate opinions voiced in the literature, an appreciation is required for the effects of changes in criteria on the specificity and predictive value of cholescintigraphy. PMID- 6619959 TI - Delayed renal localization of Ga-67: concise communication. AB - Five hundred Ga-67 images, requested for detection or follow-up of inflammatory or neoplastic diseases, were reviewed to evaluate the incidence of delayed renal localization and the clinical significance of different degrees of uptake. Renal uptake in 48- or 72-hr images was graded as follows: 0 = background activity; 1+ = greater than background but less than spine; 2+ = close to spine but less than liver; 3+ = same as liver; 4+ = greater than liver. On the 500 images, 996 kidneys were evaluated and among them 600 (60%) had 0 uptake and 340 (34%) had 1+. These 940 kidneys were all considered to be normal. Fifty-six (6%) had 2+ or more uptake, with possible causes for uptake being: infection 27, drug-induced renal damage ten, urinary stasis or slow excretion seven, collagen vascular disease six, renal failure four, acute tubular necrosis one (ATN), and indeterminate one. Cases of renal infection or failure tended to show more or less 4+ uptake, while drug damage, ATN, or urinary stasis tended to have 2+ uptake. PMID- 6619960 TI - Myocardial perfusion with rubidium-82. I. Measurement of extraction fraction and flow with external detectors. AB - Accurate measurement of the regional extraction of a diffusible radiopharmaceutical is essential for the quantifying of regional blood flow, and may also provide an important physiologic or diagnostic indicator of the cellular viability of an organ in man through external detection by positron emission tomography. However, extraction fraction of a diffusible tracer usually decreases as flow increases, and thus noninvasive methods for measuring flow are nonlinear unless the extraction fraction can be measured independently. This report describes the theoretical basis and documents the applicability of this theory for determining, with external detectors, the first-pass regional extraction fraction of rubidium-82 by the heart, following a single intravenous bolus injection of the tracer. Measurement of extraction fraction was found to be independent of flow, thereby making it possible to determine accurately with a single intravenous bolus injection of rubidium-82, the regional blood flow in the myocardium at up to five times normal resting flow. PMID- 6619961 TI - Myocardial perfusion with rubidium-82. II. Effects of metabolic and pharmacologic interventions. AB - In order to validate a new method for quantifying coronary blood flow, we injected intravenously a bolus of rubidium-82 (Rb-82) into 28 open-chested dogs under a wide range of flow and physiologic conditions, using beta probes to monitor myocardial radioactivity. Extraction fraction and perfusion were measured using a functional model that separates the data into the free and trapped myocardial rubidium. Extraction and uptake of rubidium were lower during acidosis than during alkalosis and were unchanged by glucose-insulin, digoxin, or propranolol. Myocardial flow, as indicated by rubidium, correlated linearly with simultaneous measurements of flow by microspheres in the same sample volume over a wide range of flow (r = 0.97, n = 106, range 0.02-7.76 ml/min/g). Regional myocardial blood flow can be accurately determined using generator-produced Rb 82. Studies using current state-of-the-art, fast positron-emission tomographic cameras are required to determine the utility of this approach in man. PMID- 6619962 TI - Biodistribution and dosimetry of N-isopropyl-p-[123I]iodoamphetamine in the primate. AB - The biodistribution of N-isopropyl-p-[123I]iodoamphetamine (I-123 IMP) in the Macaca fascicularis monkey was determined at 15 min and at 1, 4, 24, and 48 hr after intravenous injection. Brain uptake was 7.8% of the injected dose at 1 hr, with little change in concentration between 15 min and 1 hr, falling thereafter. Eye uptake reached a maximum of 0.23% of injected dose at 24 hr, with activity primarily in the pigmented layers. The human absorbed radiation dose was calculated on the basis of biodistribution data. The critical organ is the eye (0.407 rad/mCi of I-123 IMP). The eye dose increased to 1.11 rad/mCi with 4% contamination from I-124 IMP and to 0.535 rad/mCi with 0.4% contamination from I 125 IMP. The absorbed dose to the liver was 0.127 rad/mCi for pure I-123 IMP and the thyroid dose was 0.120 rad/mCi, both increasing with either I-124 or I-125 contamination. While delayed eye uptake has not yet been reported in the human, care should be exercised in limiting the amount of contaminating I-124 or I-125 to the lowest practical level. PMID- 6619963 TI - Optimization of the DTPA mixed-anhydride reaction with antibodies at low concentration. AB - Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) was conjugated with antibody to human serum albumin (Ab) at low concentration (300 micrograms/ml, 2.0 microM) via the DTPA carboxycarbonyl mixed-anhydride method. To study parameters determining the balance between the degree of conjugation and the antibody-binding activity of Ab, a known concentration of the anhydride prepared at isobutylchloroformate (IBC)-to-DTPA ratios of 1, 2.1, or 4.2 was reacted with Ab. The percentage yields of the anhydride were determined by spectrophotometric and gravimetric titration. By the former method the percentage yields, based on DTPA concentration, were 18, 24, and 220, respectively, when the IBC-to-DTPA ratios were 1, 2.1, and 4.2. The corresponding percentage yields were 17, 39, and 262 when determined by the latter method. When the anhydride was prepared at an IBC-to-DTPA ratio of 2.1, an optimum conjugation giving three indium atoms per Ab was obtained, with 64% retention of antibody-binding activity. For an IBC-to-DTPA ratio of 1, the antibody retained almost 100% binding activity but the number of indium atoms incorporated (0.2) was too small. For an IBC-to-DTPA ratio of 4.2, up to 22 indium atoms were incorporated but antibody-binding activity was completely destroyed. PMID- 6619965 TI - Re: Determination of left-ventricular volume from first-pass kinetics of labeled red cells. PMID- 6619964 TI - Synthesis and myocardial kinetics of N-13 and C-11 labeled branched-chain L-amino acids. AB - Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), immobilized on CNBr-activated Sepharose supports, was used with N-13 ammonia to aminate alpha-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC), and alpha ketoisovaleric acid (KIV) to produce N-13-labeled branched-chain L-amino acids with radiochemical yields ranging from 29% to 35%. From kinetic and practical considerations, pH 7.5-8.0 was established to be optimal for the synthesis of N 13-labeled branched-chain-L-amino acids. Myocardial time-activity curves in dogs at control, during low-flow ischemia, reperfusion, and after transaminase inhibition following intracoronary bolus injection of the N-13-labeled amino acids were biexponential. Higher retention of N-13 activity was observed in ischemic segments both during low-flow ischemia (29.2%) and reperfusion (23.2%) when compared with controls (20.0%), (n = 4). On the other hand, transaminase inhibition decreased residue fractions from 21.0% at control to 13.9% (n = 4). The residual activity with L-[1-11C]leucine allows for the calculation of protein synthesis rates. PMID- 6619966 TI - Re: Determination of absolute left-ventricular volume from first-pass kinetics. PMID- 6619968 TI - National Electrical Manufacturers Association. PMID- 6619967 TI - Hemiagenesis of the thyroid: clinical and radiological presentation in the pediatric patient. PMID- 6619969 TI - The London liver phantom. PMID- 6619970 TI - Severe zinc deficiency: effects on the distribution of nine elements (potassium, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium, calcium, iron, zinc, copper and manganese) in regions of the rat brain. AB - The effect of severe zinc deficiency on the distribution of nine elements (potassium, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium, calcium, iron, zinc, copper and manganese) in brain regions (olfactory lobes, right and left hippocampi, cerebellum and the rest of the brain) has been studied. After male rats (30 days old) were fed a zinc-deficient diet for 28 days, the zinc concentration of most brain parts was similar to zinc-adequate control values. Olfactory lobe zinc, on the other hand, was slightly depressed. However, the levels of other metals were dependent on zinc nutriture. Zinc deficiency caused an elevation in copper concentrations in most brain parts. Restriction of food intake caused a similar increase in brain copper but generally the effect was less than with zinc deficiency. Levels of calcium, manganese, sodium and potassium, in certain brain regions, also appeared to be altered by the zinc status of an animal. Of the minerals examined, only zinc and copper displayed asymmetrical distribution between the right and left hippocampus, and severe zinc deficiency did not affect lateral distribution of these trace metals in the hippocampus. The data suggest the hypothesis that changes in brain metal content, associated with zinc deficiency, contribute to the behavioral abnormalities that occur. PMID- 6619971 TI - Effect of dietary carnitine isomers and gamma-butyrobetaine on L-carnitine biosynthesis and metabolism in the rat. AB - Oral supplementation with L-carnitine or DL-carnitine for treatment of primary and secondary carnitine deficiency syndromes is becoming increasingly popular, yet little is known about the systemic manifestations of oral intake of large doses of those compounds, particularly the D-isomer of carnitine. To determine the possible beneficial and/or toxic effects or oral carnitine isomers and the carnitine precursor, gamma-butyrobetaine, in the rat, groups of male, weanling rats were fed a carnitine-free diet (control) supplemented with various amounts of L-carnitine, D-carnitine, DL-carnitine or gamma-butyrobetaine for 32 days. Rats fed diets supplemented with L-carnitine (0.1-1.0%) had increased L-carnitine concentrations in serum and all tissues studied. Mean L-carnitine concentrations in serum and tissues (except liver) from rats fed equivalent amounts of L carnitine, as the racemic mixture DL-carnitine, were greater than controls but were consistently lower than in rats fed L-carnitine alone. D-Carnitine (1% of diet) significantly reduced serum and heart L-carnitine concentrations from control levels, and the effects of gamma-butyrobetaine depended on the level of dietary supplementation. Dietary L-carnitine, D-carnitine and gamma-butyrobetaine (1%) reduced carnitine biosynthesis from epsilon-N-trimethyl-L-lysine in vivo. However, this decrease probably resulted from effects on transport of gamma butyrobetaine into tissues, rather than on the biosynthetic pathway per se. Other than mild diarrhea with high levels of some supplements, no toxic effects of these compounds were observed under the conditions employed and within the time frame of the study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6619972 TI - Effect of all-trans retinol and retinoic acid nutriture on the immune system of chicks. AB - The effects of all-trans retinol and retinoic acid (RA) on the humoral and cell mediated immune response and on lymphoid organ weights of broiler chicks were examined. Chicks were fed diets supplemented with retinol or RA at 0, 0.2 and 2.0 micrograms/g diet. The diets were fed continuously from day of hatch or after depletion of hepatic vitamin A reserves. Rapid vitamin A deficiency was induced in chicks by initially feeding the diet containing 2.0 micrograms RA/g diet and subsequently feeding diets containing 0 or 0.2 microgram RA/g diet. Serum antibody hemagglutination titers, in response to intravenous injection of human serum albumin (HSA), were not affected by level or chemical form of vitamin A supplemented in diets. In vitamin A-deficient chicks, there was an inverse relationship observed between the number of peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained per milliliter of blood and their ability to proliferate in response to mitogenic stimulation. Growth of the bursa of Fabricius and the thymus was impaired in chicks fed a vitamin A-free diet. A partial deficiency of vitamin A adversely affected relative bursa weight but not that of thymus. In general, RA was inferior to retinol in maintenance of lymphoid tissue. PMID- 6619973 TI - Dietary regulation of the activities of ornithine decarboxylase and S adenosylmethionine decarboxylase in rats. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary regulation of the two key enzymes in polyamine biosynthesis, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) in rat tissues. Either an amino acid mix (patterned after casein), a complete diet or several dietary components were administered to fasting rats by gastric tube. Rats were killed at specific time intervals, over a 12-hour period, and the activities of ODC and SAMDC were measured in the following tissues: liver, kidney, small intestine, brain and skeletal muscle. The amino acid mix, as well as the complete diet, elicited rapid and substantial increases in ODC and SAMDC activities in liver, kidney and intestine. In brain and muscle SAMDC activity only was increased. Studies with actinomycin D showed that SAMDC and ODC activities are regulated at transcription. The mechanism eliciting the observed increases in enzyme activities is postulated to be the influx of amino acids into cells rather than the influence of hormones secreted in response to dietary stimulation. PMID- 6619974 TI - Comparative digestible energy requirements of adult beagles and domestic cats for body weight maintenance. AB - Digestible energy (DE) needs for body weight maintenance (BWM) of six adult Beagles and six domestic cats were comparatively assessed by using data from thirteen 14-day and nine 21-day consecutive apparent digestibility trials, respectively. In each trial the Beagles and cats were given different commercial foods, and feces were quantitatively collected excluding the first 7 days. The relationship between mean daily body weight change (delta BW) per trial and DE intake was examined by regression analysis of data for individual animals. Pooled mean (n = 6) data from 223 Beagle and 143 cats digestibility trials were analyzed by the same method. Significant (P less than 0.05) linear regressions between delta BW and DE intake were obtained (R2 = 0.43-0.93) for all individual Beagles, five of six cats and pooled mean data for both Beagles and cats. Mean (range) daily DE needs for BWM of six individual Beagles were 70 (63-78), 140 (127-146) and 173 (156-187) kcal for data scaled to kilograms, kilograms0.75 and kilograms0.67 BW, respectively. Respective values for six individual cats were 76 (56-89), 104 (86-114) and 114 (95-122) kcal. Analysis of group mean data for Beagles and cats generated daily DE costs for BWM of 76 and 66 kcal/kg, respectively, equivalent to 148 and 95 kcal/kg0.75. Thus adult cats had significantly (P less than 0.001) lower energy costs of BWM than Beagles when scaled to metabolic BW (kilograms0.75 or kilograms0.67), but not on an absolute BW basis. PMID- 6619975 TI - Effect of benzoate on glycine metabolism in rats fed branched-chain alpha ketoacids. AB - Male albino rats (110-120 g) were fed for 9 days an amino acid diet low in nitrogen (nitrogen, 1.05%) devoid of valine, leucine and isoleucine and supplemented with branched-chain alpha-ketoacids (9.4%) (BCKA diet). Pair-fed controls received an isocaloric diet (AA diet), which contained the three branched-chain amino acids (1.4%) instead of the alpha-ketoacids (nitrogen, 1.2%). A third group was fed a standard diet. The animals were divided into three groups of 12 animals, and 6 animals of each group were injected with benzoate (210 mumol/100 g) for 9 days. On day 10 of the experiment the activity of the glycine cleavage system and glycine concentrations were measured in liver; glycine, serine, ammonia, urea, glutamine and glutamate concentrations were determined in plasma on day 10 and determinations of urinary urea, ammonia, glutamine, glutamate, hippuric acid and benzoate were carried out on days 0 and 10 of the experiment. Feeding BCKA led to an increase of plasma and hepatic glycine levels. Activity of hepatic glycine synthesis was reduced in the BCKA-fed group, whereas compared to the AA-fed group no increase in the decarboxylation activity was observed. Injection of benzoate led to an increase in hepatic glycine decarboxylation and glycine synthesis activity in the BCKA-fed group. Plasma glycine levels did not fall, and there was no change in any of the metabolites measured in urine and plasma. PMID- 6619976 TI - Selected features of copper metabolism in the cat. AB - In separate experiments, domestic short hair kittens were fed diets based on soy or egg white protein containing from 1.98 to 9.64 or 0.58 to 9.8 micrograms Cu/g diet, respectively. Moreover, kittens were also nursed from queens fed diets containing either 0.58 or 12 micrograms Cu/g of diet. In each experiment, copper was analyzed in liver, spleen, lung, heart, muscle and brain samples. The liver copper concentration was the most responsive to changes in dietary copper intake. For example, in weanling kittens fed 0.58 or 9.8 micrograms Cu/g diet, the liver copper concentration was 24 or 45 micrograms/g wet weight, respectively. Likewise, the levels of hepatic Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase were reduced in kittens fed the low copper diet. However, the concentrations of zinc, iron and manganese in liver, lung, spleen, brain, muscle and kidney were not consistently changed in response to low copper intakes. Anemia was also not a consistent feature in the copper-deficient cat or kitten, but signs of connective tissue lesions were observed in kittens born to and weaned from queens fed diets containing less than 1 micrograms Cu/g diet. Based on these observations and data for changes in growth in response to the differing levels of dietary copper, the copper requirement for the kitten was estimated to be 4-5 micrograms/g of diet (energy content approximately 5 kcal or 21 kJ per gram). PMID- 6619977 TI - Selenium and mitochondrial integrity in the pancreas of the chick. AB - The activity of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (SeGSH-Px) in the pancreas was found to decline in response to Se depletion in the chick at approximately the same time as the appearance of histopathological changes in the acinar cells of the pancreas, indicative of the onset of nutritional pancreatic atrophy. Oral administration of 10 micrograms of Se as Na2SeO3 to Se-deficient chicks increased SeGSH-Px activity in liver and plasma within 12 hours but not in pancreas until 36 hours. Histological signs of regeneration were not observed within 48 hours of Se repletion; however, acinar nuclei were significantly larger within 12 hours of Se repletion. The apparent rates of synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein in liver, and of DNA in pancreas, were not affected by Se deficiency. The apparent rates of synthesis of pancreatic RNA and protein were depressed in Se deficient chicks and were increased within 24 and 36 hours, respectively, upon Se repletion. Electron microscopic observation of pancreatic acinar cells from Se deficient chicks revealed disruption of inner and outer mitochondrial membranes. However, no impairment was noted in rate of oxygen uptake, respiratory control index, or ADP:oxygen ratio of pancreatic mitochondria due to Se deficiency. The mitochondrial protein yield of the Se-deficient chick pancreases was 27% less than that of Se-adequate chicks. These data suggest that a decreased number of functional acinar mitochondria may result in nutritional pancreatic atrophy in the Se-deficient chick. PMID- 6619978 TI - Lack of secretion of retinyl ester by livers of normal and cholesterol-fed rabbits. AB - The use of retinyl ester as a tracer for chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants depends on the observation that newly absorbed dietary retinol is transported as retinyl ester in plasma chylomicrons or chylomicron remnants and also on the assumption that organs other than intestine do not contribute retinyl ester to plasma. To measure the secretion of retinyl ester by rabbit liver, the liver was labeled by injecting labeled retinol intravenously 1) as a colloidal dose, 2) incorporated into liposomes or 3) dispersed in a solution of Tween 20. Depending on the dose, between 63 and 80% of the labeled retinol in the liver was esterified and was found in both parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells. For all types of doses in both normal and cholesterol-fed rabbits, less than 1% of the injected dose was present in the plasma as retinyl ester during the 24-hour time period after injection. The secretion of retinyl ester by liver in response to the uptake of retinyl ester-enriched chylomicrons was also measured. This was done by feeding a diet enriched in retinol followed by a retinol-free diet. Only an insignificant quantity of retinyl ester accumulated in plasma during a 24-hour period after blocking the removal of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins with Triton WR 1339. Apparently, there is little, if any, secretion of retinyl ester by the liver of normal or cholesterol-fed rabbits. PMID- 6619979 TI - Plasma very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) in cholesterol-fed rabbits: chylomicron remnants or liver lipoproteins? AB - When iodinated hypercholesterolemic plasma very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), chylomicrons or chylomicron remnants were injected intravenously, the apoB of chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants was removed more rapidly than apoB of hypercholesterolemic VLDL. In perfused livers from normal or cholesterol-fed rabbits, chylomicron remnants were removed 69% and 125% more rapidly, respectively, than hypercholesterolemic VLDL. Chylomicron remnants were removed equally well by perfused livers from normal and cholesterol-fed rabbits, but hypercholesterolemic plasma VLDL was removed more slowly by perfused livers of cholesterol-fed than by those of normal rabbits. Chylomicron remnant removal by livers from normal and cholesterol-fed rabbits was inhibited by high levels of hypercholesterolemic plasma VLDL in the perfusate. Twenty-four hours after a single dose of retinyl ester was fed to cholesterol-fed rabbits, less than 1% of the absorbed retinol remained in the plasma as retinyl ester. Thus, increases in plasma VLDL cholesterol levels in cholesterol-fed rabbits cannot be accounted for by the accumulation of chylomicron remnants. Apparently, a cholesterol-rich VLDL, probably of hepatic origin, accumulates in the postabsorptive plasma of the cholesterol-fed rabbit. PMID- 6619980 TI - Long-term effects of activity and of calcium and phosphorus intake on bones and kidneys of female rats. AB - Over a 22-week period, young female rats in conventional cages gained significantly more weight than rats housed with free access to running wheels. A trend toward increased bone density was indicated in runners. In a second test, young female rats were housed under the same conditions for 30 weeks, but the active group was then forced to run in a treadmill for 30 minutes, 5 times a week, over a 43-week period. During this time rats were fed either diets providing adequate Ca (0.5%) and adequate P (0.4%) or high P (1.2%), or low Ca (0.3%) and high P (1.2%). Running appeared to benefit long bone density but could not completely compensate for a high P or a low Ca, high P intake. A bone that received only indirect stress during exercise (atlas) was not significantly affected by running. However, a high P diet significantly decreased atlas bone density, while the negative effect of this diet on the density of long bones was at a lower level of significance. A low Ca, high P diet clearly decreased bone density in all bones investigated. Running had no effect on kidney mineralization, but either a high P or low Ca, high P diet greatly increased the concentration of these minerals in the kidney. PMID- 6619981 TI - Homocyst(e)ine accumulation in pigs fed diets deficient in vitamin B-6: relationship to atherosclerosis. AB - The early onset of atherosclerotic lesions in homocystinuric individuals has implicated homocyst(e)ine in the development of atherosclerosis. Two trials were conducted in which diets totally or partially deficient in vitamin B-6 were fed to pigs to investigate the accumulation of homocyst(e)ine in the plasma and the development of vascular lesions. In one trial plasma free homocyst(e)ine levels were 179 and 43 mumol/liter in deficient and adequate pigs, respectively, on day 24, while cysteine levels were 39 and 155 mumol/liter. The concentration of plasma protein-bound homocysteine and cysteine reflected the plasma-free values. Because pigs deficient in pyridoxine could be used only over short time intervals, pigs in trial 2 received 0, 0.03, 0.3 or 3 mg (i.e., 0, 2, 20 or 200% of allowance) of supplemental pyridoxine . HCl per kilogram diet. After 12 weeks pigs deficient and adequate in vitamin B-6 were injected intravenously with Evan's blue dye and the vascular trunk perfused with 2% glutaraldehyde. The aorta and major organs were removed and examined for vascular lesions. Grossly no significant lesions were seen. Light microscopy revealed occasional foci of intimal degeneration and mural thickening in the renal arterioles of pigs deficient in vitamin B-6. An area of focal medial necrosis was observed in one of the pigs deficient in vitamin B-6. Pigs fed diets containing 0.03 mg pyridoxine . HCl per kilogram diet had homocyst(e)ine concentrations not different from pigs fed diets with no added pyridoxine. Animals fed diets containing 0.3 mg pyridoxine . HCl per kilogram had homocyst(e)ine concentrations slightly higher than controls fed 3.0 mg/kg. Feed intake and weight gain increased with increasing pyridoxine in the diet. Swine offer an excellent vascular model for humans. Diets partially deficient in vitamin B-6 which cause the homocyst(e)ine concentration to increase, but allow better growth and feed consumption than diets totally deficient in pyridoxine, could be fed to pigs to study homocyst(e)ine-induced vascular damage over extended period of time. PMID- 6619982 TI - Modulation of RNA polymerase activities in the intestine of adult rats by dietary sucrose. AB - The effect of sucrose feeding on endogenous intestinal RNA polymerase activities and on chromatin structure was studied in rats. Adult rats were given a 70% sucrose solution for 15 hours following a 48-hour starvation period. Comparison was made with rats starved for 63 hours and with ad libitum nourished animals. Chromatin-bound RNA polymerase I activity was significantly reduced by starvation. Sucrose feeding provoked a significant rise in the activity, but the level found in the nourished rats was not reached. The free poly[d(A-T)] dependent RNA polymerase I activity of the sucrose-fed rats exceeded that of the starved and the nourished animals. Chromatin-bound RNA polymerase II activity was enhanced most markedly by sucrose feeding. The balance between the chromatin bound and free enzymes was shifted towards the chromatin-bound state when compared to the starved and nourished rats. Starvation caused a reduction in the size of oligonucleosomes but sucrose feeding restored almost entirely the original pattern obtained in the nourished animals. These results reflect modifications in the structure of chromatin after sucrose feeding. The present report demonstrates that the adaptive processes triggered in the intestine by dietary sucrose are associated with changes in gene expression. PMID- 6619983 TI - Impairment of ascorbic acid synthesis in liver extracts of magnesium-deficient rats. AB - The effect of feeding a magnesium (Mg)-deficient diet for 9-34 days to weanling and young male rats on urinary and tissue ascorbate levels were studied. The concentrations of ascorbic acid in the liver and kidney were significantly reduced in the rats receiving a Mg-deficient diet as compared to those receiving a Mg-supplemented diet. The response to trichloro-2-methyl-2-propanol stimulation of urinary ascorbic acid was found to be considerably suppressed by dietary deficiency of Mg, suggesting that the decrease was not due to feed intake. In in vitro studies, the enzymatic synthesis of the vitamin from glucuronolactone or gulonolactone by liver extracts from Mg-deficient rats was significantly decreased as compared with Mg-supplemented rats. These results suggest that Mg deficient rats have a reduced capacity to synthesize ascorbate which in turn produces a decrease in ascorbic acid concentrations in the liver. PMID- 6619984 TI - Temporal effect of change in diet composition on plasma estradiol and thyroxine concentrations and hepatic lipogenesis in laying hens. AB - Temporal effects of feeding isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets with and without 10% menhaden fish meal (FM) on plasma estradiol and thyroxine concentrations, hepatic fatty acid synthetase and hepatic lipid content were investigated. Hepatic fatty acid synthetase activity and lipid content were significantly increased at 7 days and 14 days, respectively, after feeding the corn-soybean meal (CS) diet. Plasma thyroxine concentration was significantly reduced at 3 days after feeding the FM diet. Plasma estradiol concentration was immediately and gradually elevated after feeding the CS diet and reduced after changing from the CS to the FM diet. A significant positive correlation was observed between plasma estradiol, but not plasma thyroxine, and hepatic fatty acid synthetase activity. These findings suggest that tissue estradiol concentration responds early to dietary changes followed by stimulated hepatic lipogenesis, and steatosis in laying hens. PMID- 6619985 TI - Dietary protein and phosphorus: effect on calcium and phosphorus metabolism in bone, blood and muscle of the rat. AB - Four- or 12-week-old rats were fed diets containing either 25 or 45% casein and either 0.35 or 0.8% phosphorus (P) for 7 weeks. Calcium (Ca) level of each diet was 0.9%. In the young, fast-growing rat (expt 1), plasma P was increased (P less than 0.01) when 0.8%, rather than 0.35%, P was fed. In the more mature rats (expt 2), increased dietary P depressed Ca in plasma but elevated P; high protein intake elevated whole-blood Ca, but depressed plasma P. Dietary treatment had little effect on muscle of mature rats, but wet weight and total P content of muscle were higher in young rats fed 0.8%, rather than 0.35%, P. Femur dry weight and P concentration were greater when 0.8%, rather than 0.35%, P was fed to young rats; dietary P did not affect any other parameter of bone (expt 1, 2). Excessive protein intake elevated femur P concentration in young rats, but depressed length and strength of femurs in mature rats. Some parameters of bone, blood and muscle can be influenced by dietary levels of protein and P. The response, however, is dependent on the physical maturity of the rat when dietary treatment begins. PMID- 6619986 TI - Lactation in the horse: milk composition and intake by foals. AB - Milk samples averaging 500 ml were collected weekly from 10 to 54 days postpartum from five lactating mares. Samples were obtained by hand milking after oxytocin administration and while the foal nursed. Dry matter, protein and gross energy were higher in samples obtained at 10 and 17 days postpartum than those obtained during the midlactation period of 24-54 days. Midlactation samples averaged 10.5% dry matter, 1.29% fat, 1.93% protein, 6.91% sugar and 50.6 kcal/100 g. Protein comprised 22% of milk energy. Milk intake was estimated in five foals from deuterium oxide (D2O) turnover to be 16, 15 and 18 kg/day at 11, 25 and 39 days postpartum. Milk intake differed significantly among foals and at the various postpartum ages, whether intake was expressed as a daily amount, as a percent of foal body weight, per kilogram0.75 or per gram of foal body weight gain. Milk production was equivalent to 3.1% of the mare's body weight at 11 days postpartum, 2.9% at 25 days and 3.4% at 39 days. On the basis of metabolic body size milk output by the mare was 149 g/kg0.75, 139 g/kg0.75 and 163 g/kg0.75 at 11, 25 and 39 days postpartum, respectively. Nutrient intakes by foals were calculated from milk composition and intake data. At 11, 25 and 39 days postpartum, respectively, dry matter intake equaled 3.1, 2.1 and 2.0% of foal body weight, and daily gross energy intake was 9380, 7590 and 8910 kcal. For each gram of body weight gain, foals ingested 0.37 g protein and 8.3 kcal at 11 days, 0.26 g protein and 6.7 kcal at 25 days, and 0.30 g protein and 7.8 kcal at 39 days of age. PMID- 6619987 TI - Hydrolysis and absorption of pantothenate and its coenzymes in the rat small intestine. AB - The transport of pantothenate by the rat small intestine occurs by simple diffusion. There was no significant difference in the rate of pantothenate absorption in the upper, middle or lower sections of the intestine. Coenzyme A was hydrolyzed to pantetheine and pantothenate in the intestinal lumen via the following series of reactions: coenzyme A leads to phosphopantetheine leads to pantetheine leads to pantothenate. Intestinal tissue, which contains high levels of pantetheinase, quickly degrades pantetheine to pantothenate, which is then transported to the blood and thence to other tissues. Tissue distribution patterns of 14C 5 hours after intraluminal administration of 14C-labeled coenzyme A or [14C]pantothenate were similar; approximately 40% of the 14C was present in muscle and 10% in liver. PMID- 6619988 TI - Dietary pantothenic acid requirement of fingerling channel catfish. AB - Two experiments were conducted to reevaluate the dietary pantothenic acid requirement for fingerling channel catfish. Purified diets supplemented with calcium d-pantothenate were used in both experiments. The results indicate that the previously reported requirement value was underestimated. The minimum dietary calcium d-pantothenate level that produced maximum growth, feed efficiency and prevented the characteristic deficiency sign of gill lesions was 15 mg/kg of diet. The gill lesions were detected in 2 weeks in fish fed deficient diets. A reduction in the gill lesions was evident within 2 weeks after fish fed the deficient diet were converted to a diet containing 40 mg calcium d-pantothenate per kilogram of diet. In one experiment there appeared to be a high correlation between disease susceptibility and dietary calcium d-pantothenate level. Based on these observations and since the requirement may vary depending on fish size, age, water temperature, water ionic strength, fish density, oxygen availability, etc., we recommend a value of 30 mg calcium d-pantothenate per kilogram of diet be used in formulating catfish feeds. PMID- 6619989 TI - Effect of aging and castration on the changes in the levels of bone gamma carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein in bone and serum of female rat. AB - Using female rats from 2 to 64 weeks old, the changes in bone gamma carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein (BGP) levels in bone and serum were studied in relation to the changes in calcium metabolism during aging. Intestinal calcium transport, serum phosphorus level, bone origin serum alkaline phosphatase activity and serum BGP content were high in rapidly growing animals and then decreased with aging. Serum BGP content correlated well to bone origin serum alkaline phosphatase activity. Bone density, bone ash content and bone BGP content increased during aging. Bone BGP content was correlated to bone density which indicates the level of bone calcification. Moreover, the effect of castration on calcium metabolism and bone and serum BGP contents were observed in young (10 weeks old) and aged (40 weeks old) female rat at 12 and 24 weeks after operation. Intestinal calcium transport in ovariectomized rat was significantly lower than in sham operated rat. Serum phosphorus level and serum BGP content were increased in castrated female rat. However, serum calcium level and bone origin serum alkaline phosphatase activity did not show a significant change in castrated female rat. Bone density was significantly decreased in aged rat at 24 weeks after operation. During aging or castration, serum BGP content changed more than bone BGP content. The determination of change in serum BGP levels in various disorders of calcium metabolism would be very informative in future study. PMID- 6619990 TI - Platelet tocopherol levels in mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MCLS: Kawasaki disease). AB - Studies of changes in platelet tocopherol in 16 children with mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MCLS) were undertaken during the disease course. Plasma tocopherol was lowest at the beginning of the disease (during the first 1 to 2 weeks), while it increased with improvement in symptoms at 4 to 5 weeks. Platelet tocopherol however was lowest in the first 2 to 3 weeks, and at about the 4th week or later increased. When compared with normal levels, determined in 24 children without MCLS (5 to 14 years old), the lowest level seen throughout the disease course coincided with it. Thus, platelet tocopherol may be generally higher in MCLS. There was little correlation between plasma and platelet tocopherol levels which were simultaneously assayed, (r = 0.26, p less than 0.1, n = 44), while, the correlation between platelet tocopherol and plasma tocopherol/total lipid ratio was increased significantly to 0.55 (p less than 0.001, n = 38). Individual patients in whom platelet tocopherol and plasma tocopherol/total lipid ratios were repeatedly assayed, were divided into two groups based on the Asai scoring, as a high risk group and a low risk group. No correlation was observed between the risk grades and either platelet tocopherol or tocopherol/total lipid ratios in plasma. PMID- 6619991 TI - Effects of riboflavin and selenium deficiencies on glutathione and its relating enzyme activities with respect to lipid peroxide content of rat livers. AB - Weanling male rats were fed a riboflavin- or selenium-deficient diet for 5 weeks, and the glutathione content and its relating enzyme activities in the livers were examined. The glutathione content and glutathione reductase activity were decreased by deficiency of riboflavin, but not by that of selenium. Glutathione peroxidase activity was increased by addition of selenium to the diet, but without its addition, the activity was higher in the riboflavin-deficient rats than in the riboflavin-sufficient rats, in spite of the increase of lipid peroxides in the former rats. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was decreased significantly by riboflavin deficiency. In another experiment, riboflavin was intraperitoneally injected into rats fed the diet to which neither riboflavin nor selenium had been added. The glutathione content and activities of glutathione reductase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase returned to the control level of riboflavin-sufficient rats in 24 h, the lipid peroxide level in 48 h, and the glutathione peroxidase activity, being higher than that in the control rats, in 72 h after the injection, respectively. These findings indicate that the increase of lipid peroxides in the livers of riboflavin-deficient rats is caused by the decrease in the glutathione content as well as glutathione reductase activity rather than by that in the selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity. PMID- 6619992 TI - Nutritional significance of a rice bran concentrate with trypsin inhibitor activity. AB - A rice bran protein concentrate (RBPC) was prepared from de-fatted rice bran by extraction with a 1% sodium chloride solution and by acetone-precipitation. This protein concentrate contained 45% protein, which was as good as casein in terms of protein quality being judged from the results of amino acid analysis. On the other hand, RBPC possessed the trypsin inhibitor activity corresponding to the complete inhibition of about 6 mg of bovine trypsin per 1 g of dry material. The activity was, however, completely destroyed by autoclaving RBPC for 30 min at 121 degrees C. In vitro digestion tests showed that RBPC was easily digested by pepsin but was resistant to the attack by trypsin, compared with autoclaved RBPC. Concerning in vivo digestion, however, there was no significant difference in apparent nitrogen digestibility between RBPC and the heated RBPC. In growth experiments with weanling rats fed a 10% level of protein diet, growth depression and the tendency of slight pancreatic hypertrophy were observed in rats receiving a RBPC diet. It is presumed that one of the reasons which explains these phenomena is the presence of trypsin inhibitor in RBPC. PMID- 6619993 TI - Separation and partial purification of wax and fatty alcohol from Okinawan sugar cane rind lipids. AB - A composition analysis of Okinawan sugar cane rind materials was conducted, and it was found that the main components were lipids, crude fiber and water indicating about 27%, 19.6% and 14.6%, respectively. The lipids were effectively extracted from rind materials by benzene. Wax (18%) and fatty alcohol (8%) were found to be the main components, totaling up to 96% of the lipids. Separation and partial purification of wax and fatty alcohol were attempted by means of silica gel column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), infrared (IR) absorption spectra and gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major components of the wax were considered to be two compounds with the molecular weights of 408 (C-26) and 436 (C-28), and those of fatty alcohol were di-ol with molecular weights of 440 (C-29) and 468 (C-31). Both wax and fatty alcohol were purified by rechromatography on a silica gel column and the samples obtained seemed to be satisfactory for use in experimental rats' diets. PMID- 6619994 TI - Ultrastructural changes of alveolar macrophages of protein-deficient rats. AB - Enhancement of phagocytosis of alveolar macrophages (AM) was examined by cytochemical and electron microscopic studies on macrophages from protein deficient rats. The macrophages from rats fed on 5% casein diet had longer microvilli, more phagocytic vacuoles and more lysosomes with acid phosphatase activity than those from control rats. Many phagocytic vacuoles were seen close to the site of attachment of opsonized sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and were mainly located in the subplasmalemmal layer which was rich in microfilaments but contained few cytoplasmic organelles. After attachment, opsonized SRBC were engulfed through a hemispherical crater into the phagocytic vacuoles. The phagocytic vacuoles seemed to be formed by invagination of the cell surface because they had membrane ATPase activity continuous with that of the outer surface of the plasma membrane. In the cell, the vacuoles fused with the numerous preexisting lysosomes in the interior of the cell receiving the contents of the latter. The mechanism of enhancement of phagocytosis in protein-deficiency is discussed. PMID- 6619995 TI - Cystine content of Japanese women's hair in the twentieth century. AB - Thirty-six hair samples, which were collected from specimens of different Japanese women, cut during the period from 1902 to 1968, were analyzed for cystine content. Cystine content of the samples in the period of World War II and post-war confusion represented the lowest value among the samples. PMID- 6619996 TI - Effect of different intensities of iron-deficient anemia in pregnant rats on maternal tissue iron and fetal development. AB - Effect of the different intensities of iron-deficient anemia in pregnant rats on the maternal tissue iron and the fetal development was investigated. The different intensities of iron deficiency were produced by changing period of feeding on the iron depleted diet (0.38 mg/100 g diet) prior to gestation. The anemic rats were divided into three groups with the hemoglobin levels of 12, 10 and 8 g/100 ml on the first day of gestation. Then, rats of each group were fed on the iron adequate and on the depleted diets during gestation. The whole body weights of the three deficient animals were lower than those of the corresponding controls on day-21 of gestation. Food intakes of the three deficient groups tended to be lower than those of corresponding controls. The values of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht) and red blood cells (RBC) decreased with the progress of pregnancy, and the hypochromic anemia was observed in all deficient animals. Iron contents of various tissues and the ratio of ferritin iron to total iron in liver and spleen of each deficient group were also apparently lower than those of corresponding controls. The numbers of placenta of the deficient groups were similar to those of corresponding controls. The litter size of severe anemic animals was less than those of light and moderate anemic-animals, and the average body weight of fetus in severe anemic-animals was much lower than those of other groups. These results suggested that a higher severity of anemia in the mother at the beginning of pregnancy may result in a more frequent resorption of the fetus but the anemic status did not affect the ability of gestation itself. PMID- 6619997 TI - Effect of lactose on calcium absorption from the rat small intestine with a non flushed ligated loop. AB - To assess the effect of dietary lactose on the utilization of 40Ca and 45Ca, a one-day balance experiment was carried out. The urinary 45Ca excretion and 45Ca deposition in the femur were significantly higher in the 10% lactose diet group. In the second experiment, non-flushed lower small intestine was ligated in situ and calcium absorption was observed shortly after injecting lactose solution into the loop during the postprandial state. The estimated amounts of 40Ca and 45Ca absorbed and of 45Ca deposited in the femur were increased in the presence of lactose in the test solution. These results suggest that dietary lactose stimulates calcium utilization and also increases calcium absorption from the undisturbed small intestine containing digests. PMID- 6619999 TI - Positive considerations of estrogen and the female patient. PMID- 6619998 TI - Lipid composition of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus). AB - The lipids were extracted from the winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) seed with water-saturated n-butanol. Lipids were separated into groups by preparative TLC on silica gel G. The amount of each lipid type was determined by analysis of the fatty acid constituents in each lipid type. Glyceride was the major lipid accounting for 89.6% of the total, followed by an unknown lipid 4%, free fatty acid of 2.3%, 1,3-diglyceride, 1,2-diglyceride and steryl ester as 1% each and finally a polar lipid as 0.2%. The results show that winged bean oil should be suitable for edible purposes. Triglycerides showed a similar profile of fatty acids to those of whole lipid: the major fatty acids were palmitic (10.9%), stearic (4.5%), oleic (37.1%), linoleic (19.0%), eicosenoic (3.6%), behenic (18.5%) and lignoceric (4.2%) acids. Compared to soybean oil, winged bean oil contained long chain fatty acids and a fairly small amount of linolenic acid which is favorable regarding oil stability against autoxidation. PMID- 6620000 TI - Toxemia of pregnancy: an outlined guide to clinical management. PMID- 6620002 TI - [Viscoelastic properties of nasal mucus from patients with chronic sinusitis]. PMID- 6620001 TI - [Repair of intraoral and pharyngeal defects with latissimus dorsi myocutaneous island flap]. PMID- 6620003 TI - [Nasal mocosal hypersensitivity to histamine and acetylcholine and histamine content in nasal secretion on manifested and non-manifested nasal allergy]. PMID- 6620004 TI - [The middle and inner ear findings of the earpits-deafness syndrome]. PMID- 6620005 TI - [Histological observations on cryosurgery in tongue cancer--with special reference to the mechanism of its action and the depth of effective freezing]. PMID- 6620006 TI - [Diagnosis of acoustic nerve neoplasms]. PMID- 6620007 TI - Possible Stewart's nasal granuloma with dissemination to meninges, peripheral nerves and muscle and renal glomerular IgA deposition. AB - A case of Stewart type, non-healing nasal granuloma complicated by dissemination to meninges, peripheral nerve and muscle is described. The deposition of IgA in renal glomeruli in this condition is documented and the significance of this finding is discussed. PMID- 6620008 TI - Diagnostic electron microscopy for amelanotic melanoma: correlation of patient biopsy, soft agar assay, and xenograft. AB - In an attempt to diagnose a suspected amelanotic melanoma tumour, we examined a variety of tissue and cell samples from one patient at the ultrastructural level, which consisted of single cell suspensions of tumour cells with and without DOPA treatment, tumour cells after culture in agar with and without DOPA treatment, and single tumour cells hetero-transplanted into a nude mouse. Premalanosomes were not observed in sections of the amelanotic tumour with routine electron microscopy. Osmophilic-dense bodies, suggestive of melanosomes, were noted in the single cells in suspension treated with DOPA and cells grown in agar without DOPA treatment. Definitive premelanosomes, with an identifiable striated matrix, were only observed in cells grown into colonies in agar and treated with DOPA. Positive L-DOPA reaction products were noted in the golgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum closely related to the golgi (GERL), and in vacuoles from cells grown in agar. As controls, Cloudman S91 53.1 melanoma cells were evaluated as single cells in suspension or as colonies after culture in agar, both with and without DOPA treatment. Premelanosomes were always observed in this established melanoma cell line while DOPA-treated cells contained positive L-DOPA reaction products. The overall findings identified the tumour as amelanotic melanoma and indicated that both DOPA treatment and culture in agar were needed for the demonstration of premelanosomes. PMID- 6620009 TI - The regression of oestradiol-induced pituitary tumours in the rat. AB - Wistar rats of both sexes were implanted subcutaneously with oestradiol pellets (25 mg). The pellets were removed in two groups of animals after 120 and 220 days of implantation; in other animals the pellets were left for 230 and 370 days. The animals in whom pellets were left implanted all had large pituitary tumours. The animals from whom the pellets had been removed had pituitaries larger than normal, but much smaller than those in which the implants had been left. The results suggest that oestradiol-induced pituitary tumours are totally hormone dependent and are not autonomous neoplasms. Oestradiol-induced testicular atrophy was also reversible. PMID- 6620010 TI - The evolution of the lesion in cutaneous leishmaniasis. AB - In order to elucidate the mechanisms for the elimination of Leishmania, the histological evolution of the lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis was studied in 118 biopsies from four geographical areas known to be associated with different species or sub-species of Leishmania. Basically there were 3 types of response: A, parasites were eliminated within intact macrophages which later evolved as epithelioid cells; B, they were eliminated as a result of the lysis of the macrophages either individually or in small clusters, but the process was incomplete; C, there was necrosis proceeding to completion at the centre of a focalised mass of macrophages. In B and C the release of parasites caused tissue destruction; epithelioid cells were immature and often sparse, though giant cells were seen in C. A more definite tuberculoid response was found in draining lymph nodes. The response (A, B or C) depended partly on the parasite load, partly on geographical factors. The relative proportions of macrophages, plasma cells and lymphocytes in the lesions varied with the parasite index, but the relationship was the same in all 3 types of response. This suggested that the 3 responses might be the outcome of a common immunological mechanism operating at different antigen levels or antigen-antibody ratios. PMID- 6620011 TI - Parents, courts, and refusal of treatment. PMID- 6620012 TI - Positioning for prevention of infant gastroesophageal reflux. AB - A controlled, prospective comparison of the use of the infant seat versus prone, head-elevated positioning in a harness was undertaken in 15 infants with gastroesophageal reflux. pH monitoring of the distal esophagus demonstrated less reflux in the harness than in the seat (P less than 0.001) during 19 pairs of two hour postprandial trials. This difference was the result of both fewer episodes (P less than 0.001) and briefer episodes (P less than 0.05). Prone-elevated positioning in the harness described is superior to positioning in an infant seat in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux in infants younger than 6 months. PMID- 6620013 TI - Immediate and long-term effects of chest physiotherapy in patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - Both the immediate and long-term effects of chest physical therapy administered by a parent were evaluated in eight children with cystic fibrosis. Spirometric and plethysmographic evaluations were performed pre-CPT and at 5 and 30 minutes post-CPT. The pre-CPT measurements after a three-week period with no CPT were compared with the values while receiving CPT on a regular twice daily basis. There was a significant decrease after three weeks without CPT for FVC (P less than 0.025), FEV1 (P less than 0.005), FEF25-75 (P less than 0.005), and Vmax60TLC (P less than 0.025). When the patients had been receiving CPT on a regular basis, the only immediate effect was an increase in PEFR after 30 minutes post-CPT (P less than 0.05). After three weeks without CPT, there were increases at 30 minutes post-CPI for FVC (P less than 0.005) and Vmax60TLC (P less than 0.05). These findings indicate that although there may be little immediate functional improvement when CPT is received on a regular basis, a three-week period without CPT leads to a worsening of the functional status, which is reversed with renewal of regular CPT. PMID- 6620014 TI - Use of ultrasound in childhood thyroid disorders. AB - Thyroid ultrasound findings in 55 patients aged 6 days to 19 years were reviewed to assess the importance of this technique in evaluating childhood thyroid disorders. Findings were correlated with the available clinical, radionuclide, and pathologic data. In 25 patients with diffuse thyroid lesions (thyroiditis, Graves disease, euthyroid goiter, iodine-induced goiter, goitrous cretinism), ultrasound revealed only homogeneous thyroid enlargement or a nonspecific patchy echo pattern. In two infants with poorly visualized glands on radionuclide scans, ultrasound confirmed the presence of anatomically normal thyroid tissue. Twenty patients had at least one focal thyroid lesion seen by ultrasound, including nodules not detected by palpation in one child or by technetium scan in three. Thyroid malignancies were found in four of 13 patients with solitary thyroid nodules, occurring in two of four patients with echogenic nodules, two of five children with complex lesions, and none of four with echofree nodules. Thyroid ultrasound is a sensitive, noninvasive means of evaluating thyroid anatomy. Because it can detect thyroid tissue in the neck not seen on radionuclide scan in patients at all ages and can define the number and consistency of focal lesions, this technique offers definite advantages in assessing a variety of childhood thyroid disorders. PMID- 6620015 TI - Brain metastases in children. AB - We reviewed the records of 31 children under the age of 21 years with parenchymal brain metastases diagnosed by CT scan (13 patients) or necropsy (18). Brain metastases were found in 18 of 139 (13%) children with solid tumors in whom complete postmortem examinations were done. Osteogenic sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma were the most frequent primary tumors causing brain metastases in patients younger than 15 years, and testicular germ cell tumor, from age 15 to 21 years. Evidence of intratumoral hemorrhage was found in 50% of autopsy cases. Pulmonary metastases were present in 28 of 31 (90%). The median interval from recognition of pulmonary metastases to the development of brain metastases was 10 months. No patient had evidence of brain metastases at diagnosis of the systemic cancer. In only one patient was the brain the only site of relapse. Following detection of brain metastases, the median survival was seven months in six patients who underwent surgery and whole-brain radiation therapy and four months in 15 given radiotherapy (3000 rads) alone. Patients with relatively radioresistant brain metastases may benefit from surgical excision or higher doses of radiation, or both. PMID- 6620017 TI - Needle muscle biopsy in infants and children. AB - Percutaneous muscle biopsies were performed in 77 infants and children using the Bergstrom muscle biopsy needle and local anesthesia. Satisfactory specimens for histochemistry and electron microscopy were obtained in all but one case, and the procedure was well tolerated by all patients. No complications were observed. The percutaneous biopsy is a useful technique for the diagnosis of neuromuscular disorders in children. PMID- 6620016 TI - Primary gonadal damage following treatment of brain tumors in childhood. AB - Gonadal function was studied in two groups of children previously treated for medulloblastoma with surgery followed by postoperative craniospinal irradiation. In group 1 but not in group 2, the children also received adjuvant chemotherapy for one to two years. All children in group 1 received a nitrosourea (BCNU or CCNU), plus vincristine in four and procarbazine in three patients. The nine children in group 1 showed clinical and biochemical evidence of gonadal damage with elevated serum FSH concentrations and, in the boys, small testes for their stage of pubertal development. In group 2 (n = 8), each child had completed pubertal development normally, the boys had adult sized testes and the girls regular menses. Gonadotropin values were normal in all eight children. We conclude that nitrosoureas were responsible for the gonadal damage in the children in group 1, with procarbazine also contributing to the damage in the three children who received this drug. In view of the limited proved value of adjuvant chemotherapy with nitrosoureas in the treatment of medulloblastoma, recognition of this serious complication of cytotoxic drug therapy may necessitate reassessing in which subgroups of children with medulloblastoma the benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy outweight the complications. PMID- 6620018 TI - Detection of fructose malabsorption by breath hydrogen test in a child with diarrhea. PMID- 6620019 TI - Meningitis in a Canadian infant due to pneumococcus resistant to penicillin and chloramphenicol. PMID- 6620020 TI - Peutz-Jeghers syndrome associated with precocious puberty. PMID- 6620021 TI - True hermaphroditism with vaginomegaly: a cause of pseudo-urinary tract infection. PMID- 6620022 TI - Extraperitoneal pelvic meconium extravasation in a newborn infant. PMID- 6620023 TI - A child with 18q- syndrome and cerebellar astrocytoma. PMID- 6620024 TI - Furosemide acutely decreases airways resistance in chronic bronchopulmonary dysplasia. AB - We studied the effects of furosemide on pulmonary mechanics in 10 infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia aged 41 +/- 1 (SE) weeks post-conception, gestational age at birth 30 +/- 1 wk, birth weight 1370 +/- 200 gm. Thoracic gas volume, airways resistance, and specific airway conductance were measured in an infant body pressure plethysmograph during quiet breathing. Dynamic pulmonary compliance was measured using an esophageal balloon. Infants with BPD had greater Raw, lower SGaw, and lower Cdyn than did 16 normal control infants. Within one hour after administration of furosemide 1 mg/kg IV to infants with BPD, Raw fell 36 +/- 13%, SGaw increased 84 +/- 22%, and Cdyn increased 54 +/- 13%; TGV did not change. Diuretic treatment of BPD in infants is associated with rapid, short-term improvement in Raw and Cdyn. PMID- 6620025 TI - Comparison of high-frequency jet ventilation and conventional mechanical ventilation in a meconium aspiration model. AB - Ten adult cats received alternately high-frequency jet ventilation and conventional mechanical ventilation after aspirating 2 ml/kg 25% human meconium in saline. Equivalent mean airway pressures were maintained during the hourly ventilator changes. Aortic pressures, pulmonary artery pressures, and central venous pressures were continuously monitored. Cardiac outputs were measured, and pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances, intrapulmonary shunts, and alveolar arterial oxygen gradients were determined at regular intervals. During the first hour after aspiration, AaDO2 and Qs/Qt were lower during HFJV (P less than 0.05); PVR and Pa were always higher during HFJV (P less than 0.05). Overall, PVR, Pa, AaDO2, and Qs/Qt rose during HFJV; these changes occurred at equivalent Paw within 15 minutes of each ventilator change (P less than 0.05). In this meconium aspiration model, conventional mechanical ventilation was the superior form of ventilatory therapy. PMID- 6620026 TI - Minimizing pneumothorax and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated infants with hyaline membrane disease. PMID- 6620028 TI - Quality of therapeutic studies. PMID- 6620029 TI - Diapers and diaper rash. PMID- 6620027 TI - Echogenic intravascular and hepatic microbubbles associated with necrotizing enterocolitis. PMID- 6620030 TI - Sonographic diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. PMID- 6620031 TI - Efficacy of racemic epinephrine in croup. PMID- 6620032 TI - Early recognition of congenital hypothyroidism. PMID- 6620033 TI - Vitamin E deficiency in cholestatic liver disease. PMID- 6620034 TI - Testicular volumes in adolescents. PMID- 6620035 TI - Bio-behavioral effects of compliance. PMID- 6620036 TI - Nailfold capillary abnormalities in Henoch-Schonlein purpura. PMID- 6620037 TI - Screening for cystic fibrosis. PMID- 6620038 TI - Intravascular fat accumulation in the very-low-birth-weight infant. PMID- 6620039 TI - Postmortem changes in serum thyroid hormone concentrations and SIDS. PMID- 6620040 TI - Minimal brain dysfunction: a possible late sequela of infantile transient folic acid deficiency. PMID- 6620041 TI - FDA-industry relations: progress from confrontation to communication. PMID- 6620042 TI - The Water for Injection System at the Upjohn Company. PMID- 6620043 TI - Diffusion and bubble point testing of microporous cartridge filters: electromechanical methods. PMID- 6620044 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic methods for antibiotics admixed with intravenous infusates. PMID- 6620045 TI - Compatibility of several antibiotics or hydrocortisone when added to metronidazole solution for intravenous infusion. PMID- 6620046 TI - Start-up of sterile products production in international facilities. PMID- 6620047 TI - A multicentred investigation of clean air requirements for terminally sterilized pharmaceuticals. PMID- 6620048 TI - The preparation and properties of sterile intravenous emulsions. PMID- 6620049 TI - Energy intakes and low-fat diets in children with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 6620050 TI - Does breast feeding protect against the development of clinical symptoms of celiac disease in children? AB - A retrospective approach has been adopted to investigate the frequency and duration of breast feeding and the time of gluten introduction in the diet in 216 celiac children and their healthy siblings of three different centers--Naples, Milan, and Turin. In this matched case-control study, the selected controls were healthy siblings of the cases. Children formula-fed from birth, or breast-fed for less than 30 days, were found to have a relative risk of developing symptoms of celiac disease four times higher than children breast-fed for more than 30 days (p less than 0.0001). To investigate more deeply the effect of the duration of breast feeding as a possible protecting factor, the linear trend for different periods of breast feeding was tested and found to be highly significant (G1: 18.3 with 1 df). Therefore, increased duration of breast feeding is associated with decreased risk of developing celiac symptoms. On the contrary, there was no apparent relationship between early introduction of gluten into the diet and frequency of celiac disease. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that a wider diffusion of breast feeding is a factor underlying the recently reported decrease of the incidence of celiac disease in children. PMID- 6620051 TI - Changes in body composition and muscle protein degradation during nutritional supplementation in nutritionally growth-retarded children with cystic fibrosis. AB - Changes in body composition and muscle protein degradation were studied in seven nutritionally growth-retarded children with cystic fibrosis (CF) before and after nutritional supplementation and in eight healthy children who served as controls. Supplemental feedings consisted of a peptide formula that increased dietary protein and energy intakes approximately 20-40% over a 6-month period, delivered either as oral supplement or overnight intragastric feeding. Body composition was assessed by anthropometric data and measurements of whole body potassium (40K) and creatinine excretion. Muscle protein degradation was measured by urinary 3 methylhistidine excretion, an index of myofibrillar protein catabolism. Compared with controls, CF children had significantly reduced body mass, body fat, and muscle mass, and a significantly increased rate of myofibrillar protein degradation. With nutritional supplementation, significant catch-up weight gain and improved linear growth were observed with evidence of accretion of lean body mass and muscle mass, and in all but one severely malnourished patient with progressive disease, there was normalization of the high rate of muscle protein degradation. Thus, this form of nutritional therapy has significant benefits in terms of body protein accretion and myofibrillar protein degradation. PMID- 6620052 TI - Effect of short-term cimetidine administration on fecal bile acid losses in cystic fibrosis. AB - Eight children with cystic fibrosis and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency were voluntarily hospitalized in a clinical research setting so that diet and enzyme supplements could be well controlled for consecutive 72-h balance studies. We previously reported on these patients, as part of a larger study group, because they showed significantly reduced fecal losses of fat and nitrogen at the highest dose of cimetidine added to the otherwise constant regimen. Analysis of specimens from this same study shows a cimetidine-related reduction in fecal bile acid loss. Numerous variables thought to influence fecal bile acid loss were closely controlled and/or measured in this clinical study setting. In order to potentially learn more about this complex phenomenon, we carried out a stepwise regression analysis of the data which indicated that half of the variance in fecal bile acid loss is still unaccounted for by the five "independent" variables tested in the regression. However, in this variance analysis system cimetidine assumes a larger relative role in modulating bile acid loss than it does in fecal losses of fat and nitrogen. PMID- 6620053 TI - Autoradiographic localization of a gluten peptide during organ culture of human duodenal mucosa. AB - An 125I-labeled subfraction of Frazer's fraction III (molecular weight, 8,000) was added to the culture medium during organ culture of duodenal biopsies from two patients with celiac disease in exacerbation. The isotope-labeled gluten peptide was localized by autoradiography after 6, 12, and 24 h of culture. At 6 h, labeling was located mainly in the basal layers of the biopsies. The tissue was well preserved. After 12 h in culture, the labeling had spread to the lamina propria and the crypts. A few grains were located over enterocytes and desquamated cells. Moderate histological signs of toxicity were observed. After 24 h, there was marked toxic deterioration, comparable to that seen after culture with alpha-gliadin. Labeling had spread throughout the entire section. There seemed to be no specificity of the binding, for the entire section was affected. Culture with the identical gluten fraction, in the radionegative state, produced histological deterioration comparable to that seen after exposure to the isotope labeled peptide. Gluten peptides are presented to the target cells in a unique way during organ culture, different from in vivo conditions. This may influence the results when the organ culture method is used to investigate the pathogenesis of celiac disease. PMID- 6620054 TI - Giardiasis in childhood and its effects on the small intestine. AB - The effects of Giardia lamblia on small bowel function were studied. Thirty-three asymptomatic children were studied before and after treatment with metronidazole (Nimorazol). Patients had a small intestinal biopsy, bile salt determinations, and the following absorptive tests: D-xylose, triglyceride, and lactose and sucrose tolerance tests. Before treatment, 87% had unconjugated bile salts in duodenal fluid but afterwards only 60% did. Small bowel biopsy changes did not correlate with the pre- and posttreatment periods. Triglyceride absorption showed significant differences between patients at different periods of the study; D Xylose absorption did not reveal differences between the periods of the study but was significantly impaired when compared with controls. Lactose malabsorption was detected in 56% and sucrose in 7% of the patients. G. lamblia may have some pathogenic role, although nonspecific to intestinal function. It probably acts more in a synergistic way with other pathogenic agents that inhabit the intestinal lumen of children living under unfavorable conditions producing the picture of tropical enteropathy. PMID- 6620055 TI - Pediatric tube system for collection of uncontaminated jejunal juice. AB - A tube system for collection of uncontaminated jejunal juice in children is described. It consists of an outer tube, the distal end of which is closed with a membrane, and an inner aspiration tube. When the outer tube is positioned at the site of aspiration, the membrane is perforated by applying air pressure through the outer tube. The tube was tested in 72 Danish children. With only one intubation having to be repeated, aspiration was achieved in all the children (95% confidence limits, 92.60-99.97%). The median intubation time was 10 min (range, 2-35 min). Mean time for aspiration of 1 ml of jejunal juice varied from 1 to 30 min (median, 5 min). The site of aspiration in the jejunum--expressed as the position of the tip of the inner tube--was from 0 to 6 cm distal to the ligament of Treitz (median, 3 cm). There were no complications. PMID- 6620056 TI - Fecal reducing substances and breath hydrogen excretion as indicators of carbohydrate malabsorption. AB - Data from serial determinations of fecal volume, characteristics, pH, and reducing substances, and postprandial breath hydrogen (H2) concentrations in severely malnourished children receiving milk-based recovery diets were used to evaluate the quality of the correspondence among diagnostic indices for carbohydrate malabsorption, with specific emphasis on the comparison of breath H2 excretion and fecal reducing substances. Only postprandial breath H2 results for subjects with a proven capacity to mount an H2 response to the nonabsorbable disaccharide, lactulose, were included. There was a poor correlation between the diagnostic indication provided by the breath test and fecal reducing sugars. Biological considerations about the metabolism of unabsorbed carbohydrates in relation to colonic transit time and fecal flora may explain the poor degree of correlation. The two indices should not be considered interchangeable, but should be used selectively in accordance with the clinical situation. PMID- 6620057 TI - Milk and nutrient intake of breast-fed infants from 1 to 6 months: relation to growth and fatness. AB - Dietary intake, milk composition, growth, and activity were monitored monthly for 20 breast-fed infants from 1 to 6 months. Breast milk intake (of infants receiving no more than 50 kcal from other foods) ranged from 341 to 1,096 ml/day, with mean intake increasing from 673 to 896 ml/day from 1 to 6 months. Energy intake per kilogram body weight averaged 113 kcal/kg/day at 1 month, decreasing to 85-89 kcal/kg/day at 5-6 months--considerably lower than the recommended 115 kcal/kg/day. At 6 months, all infants except one were above the 10th percentile of weight-for-age. Nutrient content of milk samples was similar to previously reported values. Protein, iron, zinc, copper, sodium, and potassium levels declined during the first 6 months. Intakes of iron, zinc, calcium, and magnesium were lower than recommended allowances for infants. Weight-for-length and weight gain were significantly correlated with total energy intake, but not with activity level, during the first 6 months. PMID- 6620059 TI - Lipolysis of triglycerides of human milk during storage at low temperatures: a note of caution. AB - Human milk samples were divided at collection and stored at -70 degrees C or -20 degrees C, or extracted immediately with organic solvent, to compare lipid class composition. Storage at -20 degrees C was not satisfactory for maintaining milk lipid composition, for it resulted in hydrolysis of triglycerides and the appearance of free fatty acids. PMID- 6620058 TI - Effects of conceptual age and dietary intake on protein metabolism in premature infants. AB - Protein turnover was studied in eight premature infants of conceptual age 26-37 weeks. A stochastic model based upon [15N]urea or [15N]ammonia excretion following a single injection of [15N]glycine was used to estimate rates of whole body protein synthesis and catabolism. The urinary 3-methylhistidine/creatinine ratio was determined to differentiate skeletal muscle protein breakdown from total protein catabolism. The rates of whole body protein synthesis ranged from 5.2 to 13.2 g X kg-1 X day-1 and protein catabolism ranged from 4.1 to 12.4 g X kg-1 X day-1. Linear regression analyses of conceptual age versus (a) whole body nitrogen flux, (b) protein synthesis, and (c) protein catabolism showed significant inverse relationships. A similar relationship obtained between conceptual age and the urine 3-methylhistidine/creatinine ratio. Muscle protein breakdown did not vary with conceptual age, but the fraction of whole body protein breakdown derived from muscle protein breakdown increased significantly with advancing maturation. The ratio net tissue protein gain/total body protein synthesis increased significantly with increasing body weight. Net tissue protein gain appeared to be directly related to protein and caloric intake. The ratio of the rate of whole body protein synthesis and protein intake was greatest in the youngest infants and declined with maturation. A similar relationship was not found between the ratio of protein synthesis and caloric intake and the degree of maturity. More than 90% of nitrogen entering the metabolic pool was used for protein synthesis and more than 50% of calories administered were similarly utilized. We conclude that: (a) protein turnover in premature infants is far more rapid than in term infants, children, or adults and is inversely related to conceptual age; (b) muscle protein turnover constitutes a greater fraction of overall turnover with advancing maturity; (c) energy and protein intake affect net tissue protein gain significantly in rapidly growing infants; and (d) the efficiency of protein synthesis as a function of protein intake is higher in the most immature infants. PMID- 6620060 TI - Breath hydrogen analysis: a review of the methodologies and clinical applications. AB - Hydrogen gas (H2) is a product of the fermentation of dietary carbohydrate (CHO) by bacteria in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract in man. Thus, H2 is actually an exogenously produced gas, which either is passed as flatus, or diffuses into the body and is exhaled. In the adult, a fairly constant fraction is expired, providing a reliable indicator of total colonic H2 production. Breath H2 analysis currently represents a useful clinical means of testing adults and older children for the malabsorption of CHO. Noninvasive and easy procedures for the collection of expired air have encouraged their increasingly widespread use in pediatrics. Evidence to date suggests that breath H2 analysis may provide the best available method for estimating semiquantitatively the degree of CHO malabsorption. The association of the results of breath H2 analysis with other clinical measures of CHO digestion and absorption is expected, but discrepancies can also be anticipated based on the nature of this particular trace gas method. The interpretation of the results of breath H2 analysis in neonates and young infants remains especially problematic because of confounding variables which are difficult to control and are measured infrequently. PMID- 6620061 TI - Metal-binding ligands in Viokase. AB - The object of this study was to detect low molecular weight zinc binders in Viokase, a porcine pancreatic preparation used in the treatment of variant acrodermatitis enteropathica (AE). Extracts were centrifuged and ultrafiltered to yield a soluble fraction containing solutes of molecular weights less than or equal to 500 daltons. These were studied by modified gel chromatography (MGC) using sealed Sephadex G-15-120 columns equilibrated with buffered solvent systems containing either 5 ppm copper (II) or 5 ppm zinc (II). Eluted fractions were assayed for these metals by atomic absorption and for amino acids by various techniques. MGC profiles of ultrafiltrates resulted in a peak consisting of glutamic acid and another peak consisting of several amino acids. A third peak was due to metal ions. Citrate and picolinate have been claimed to be important zinc-binding ligands in Viokase, but neither was detectable by MGC, although small amounts of citrate or similar compounds were detected by the Furth and Herrmann reaction. Since amino acid ligands are easily detectable by MGC, and metal distribution among ligands is competitive in nature, the possibility of a role for citrate or picolinate as a zinc transporter in Viokase is seriously reduced. Relief to the variant AE patient was probably not due to citrate- or picolinate-enhanced zinc uptake. PMID- 6620062 TI - Chronic diarrhea and neutropenia not associated with pancreatic insufficiency: a non-Shwachman-Diamond entity. AB - Six children with chronic diarrhea and neutropenia, initially referred for evaluation of Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, were found to have no evidence of pancreatic insufficiency. All presented in the spring with a prodromal respiratory illness. Hematologic evaluation was normal except for iron deficiency anemia and neutropenia. Small intestinal biopsies of all children showed inflammation, consistent with chronic enteritis. The children were followed until growth returned to previous percentiles. Diarrhea and neutropenia resolved by 6 month follow-up, and there was no recurrence of the neutropenia at 1 year. PMID- 6620063 TI - Melanosis duodeni in a child with congenital hepatic fibrosis and renal failure. PMID- 6620064 TI - Pseudomembranous colitis presenting as mild, chronic diarrhea in childhood. AB - Two children presented with mild, chronic diarrheal illnesses. Investigation revealed typical pseudomembranous colitis in both cases, which responded to therapy. While variation in the severity of pseudomembranous colitis is recognized, the subtle, chronic presentation exemplified by these cases has not previously been well described. PMID- 6620065 TI - Early diagnosis of intestinal non-Hodgkin lymphoma by endoscopy. AB - The early diagnosis of intestinal non-Hodgkin lymphoma, stages I and II, lymphoblastic of Burkitt's type, was made by colonoscopy combined with selective radiologic visualization of the tumor in two children, ages 4 and 5. This technique is recommended in patients with abdominal pain, iron-deficiency anemia, intestinal blood loss, and an elevated sedimentation rate, when conventional radiologic and ultrasound techniques fail. PMID- 6620066 TI - Internship and postdoctoral training in pediatric and clinical child psychology: a survey. PMID- 6620067 TI - Validity of the personality inventory for children with four-year-old males and females: a caution. PMID- 6620068 TI - The efficiency of the Denver Developmental Screening Test with rural disadvantaged preschool children. PMID- 6620069 TI - Lateral preference patterns and cross-modal sensory integration. PMID- 6620070 TI - Correction of congenital hydrocephalus in utero I. The model: intracisternal kaolin produces hydrocephalus in fetal lambs and rhesus monkeys. AB - In the fetus with congenital hydrocephalus, obstruction to the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) results in ventricular dilation and neurologic impairment. Decompression of the obstructed ventricles before birth may ameliorate the damage and allow normal development to proceed. Although appealing, this pathophysiologic rationale has not been adequately tested because a satisfactory fetal model has not been available. We have developed a model of obstructive hydrocephalus in the fetal lamb and rhesus monkey by injecting kaolin into the cisterna magna through the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane early in the last trimester. Preliminary studies injecting silicone oil were unsuccessful. The development of fetal ventriculomegaly was followed using prenatal ultrasonography. Massive hydrocephalus developed in six sheep, three liveborn at term and three stillborn after premature vaginal delivery, and in 2 fetal rhesus monkeys. All treated animals had external signs of hydrocephalus with marked cranial enlargement. Neuropathologic examinations demonstrated fibrosis of the leptomeninges and subarachnoid spaces around the fourth ventricle. Dilation of the lateral and third ventricles resulted, with attenuation of the cerebral white matter. On histologic examination, the grey matter was relatively well preserved, while the white matter was severely attenuated. This model mimics the clinical and pathologic picture seen in human infants and should allow us to study the pathophysiology of congenital obstructive hydrocephalus and the efficacy and feasibility of its correction in utero. PMID- 6620071 TI - Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in neonates with respiratory failure. AB - Venoarterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been successful in support of neonates with respiratory failure but requires right common carotid artery ligation. While no short-term neurologic complications have resulted from neonatal carotid ligation, late complications may occur. For both VA ECMO and venovenous (VV) ECMO, blood is drained from the right atrium via a right internal jugular cannula, oxygenated by a membrane lung, and returned to the patient. VV ECMO spares the carotid by perfusing the oxygenated blood into a vein. VV ECMO gave total respiratory support to three neonates with respiratory failure and each infant survived. In comparison with three similar VA ECMO patients, the VV patients required higher ECMO circuit flow rates and had lower systemic arterial Po2s. Length of time on ECMO, length of hospital stay, and neurologic outcome were similar in the VV and VA patients. Differences among the patients were related to their primary disease rather than to the mode of ECMO support. The VV patients had cannulation of the femoral vein for perfusion of oxygenated blood. Late complications may occur from femoral vein ligation as well as from carotid ligation so long-term follow-up is needed to assess these two ECMO techniques. PMID- 6620072 TI - Experimental pulmonary hypoplasia due to oligohydramnios and its reversal by relieving thoracic compression. AB - To investigate the role of thoracic compression in the etiology of pulmonary hypoplasia associated with oligohydramnios, we shunted amniotic fluid into the maternal abdominal cavity at 25-days gestation in one group of fetal rabbits and occluded the bladder outlet in another. Bladder-neck obstruction produced severe bilateral hydronephrosis. Both procedures produced oligohydramnios (amniotic fluid volume reduced, p less than .001) at reexploration on day 28. At term (day 31) newborns undergoing these procedures had significantly decreased lung weights (p less than .01). Lung histology was not affected. To determine whether decompression of the thorax would prevent pulmonary hypoplasia, another group of fetuses had their bladders occluded and underwent one of two procedures to relieve thoracic compression. In one group, amniotic fluid volume was restored by a constant infusion of normal saline. In the other, opening the abdomen and allowing viscera to herniate avoided thoracic compression from a diaphragm elevated by a dilated urinary tract and ascites. Liveborn obstructed rabbits undergoing either procedure had increased lung weight-to-body weight ratios compared to those in newborns undergoing only the obstructive procedure (p less than 0.05). These experiments suggest that mechanical restriction to lung growth plays a role in the development of pulmonary hypoplasia associated with oligohydramnios, and that pulmonary hypoplasia may be partially reversible by procedures which reduce thoracic compression. PMID- 6620073 TI - The role of a modified intussusception jejunocolic valve in short-bowel syndrome. AB - Short-bowel syndrome results in malabsorption and malnutrition producing profound metabolic disorders. Attempts to correct this problem with various surgical procedures have so far proved unsuccessful. Studies made in our laboratory using experimental animals, showed that a modified jejunocolic intussusception valve appears to be effective in prolonging the small-bowel transit time and the absorptive capacity of the intestines in short-bowel syndrome. Furthermore, construction of the valve is uncomplicated and unaccompanied by any mortality or morbidity. PMID- 6620074 TI - Ischemic bowel: the protective effect of free-radical anion scavengers. AB - Recent data indicates that the free-radical anion superoxide (O2-), an unstable cytotoxic form of oxygen, is implicated in the pathogenesis of ischemic bowel following reperfusion after low flow states. This report evaluates the effect of free radical scavengers on survival in an animal model with bowel ischemia. At laparotomy, the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) of 79 weanling rats (90 g) was occluded for one minute and released. Animals were divided into three experimental groups: group I acted as controls (n = 41), group II, received thiopental 5 mg/kg IV (n = 19), group III, received methohexital 2.5 mg/kg IV (n = 19). At one week animals were evaluated for mortality, mean survival time, evidence of bowel necrosis or perforation, and bowel appearance on scanning electron microscopy (EM). Mortality was 63.5% (26/41) in group I, 19 had necrotic bowel and 7 had gross perforation; 31.6% in group II (6/19) (p less than .05 versus control), with one necrotic bowel and 5 perforations; and 57.9% in group III (11/19) where 7 had necrotic bowel and 4 had perforations (p NS v control). Survival time (mean +/- SD in days) post SMA occlusion was 3.2 +/- 1.9 for group I; 4.0 +/- 1.7 for group II; and 2.5 +/- 2.0 for group III. EM showed mucosal destruction worsened by the duration of reperfusion, decreased by thiopental but not by methohexital. Thiopental, a free radical anion scavenger was cytoprotective in this animal model, as it decreased mortality and the incidence of bowel necrosis and perforation. These data support the thesis that following low flow states bowel ischemia may be related to a reperfusion injury due to the release of toxic free radical anions. PMID- 6620075 TI - Optimal management of cloacal exstrophy. PMID- 6620076 TI - Surgery for anomalies of the urachus. AB - Thirty-five children with anomalies of the urachus which have required surgical management have been encountered in this institution over a 20-year period. Of these 35, 19 were classified as patent urachus, 12 as urachal cyst, and 4 as urachal sinus. All cases were treated by excision or drainage. There was one death. Gastrointestinal and other genitourinary anomalies were commonly seen in these patients. Intravenous pyelography was helpful in identifying unsuspected associated genitourinary anomalies while cystography was not. Investigation of the gastrointestinal tract does not appear to be warranted in the absence of symptoms. PMID- 6620077 TI - The diagnosis and management of pyriform sinus fistulae in infants and young children. AB - Acute suppurative thyroiditis is rare in childhood. It presented in two clinically euthyroid children over a 2-year period. Repeated drainage for recurrent abscesses was necessary in one child. Thyroiditis without abscess was present in the second. After treatment and resolution of the infection, contrast studies with barium demonstrated an internal fistula extending from the left pyriform sinus to the ipsilateral thyroid lobe. Thyroid scans showed decreased uptake in the left lobe. Thyroid-function tests were normal. A third infant developed acute respiratory distress at 2 weeks of age from an enlarging left neck mass without evidence of infection. Exploration revealed an intrathyroid cyst with fistulous communication to the left pyriform sinus. Fistulas arise from the third pharyngeal pouch as a branchial remnant which is exclusively left sided. Administration of antibiotics, which are effective against oral flora, combined with initial drainage of suppuration control infection. Only then can the diagnosis be made by contrast study of the hypopharynx and upper esophagus. Operative excision of the entire epithelial tract and adjacent thyroid tissue is essential to prevent recurrent thyroiditis and abscess. PMID- 6620078 TI - Cervical teratomas in the newborn. AB - Cervical teratomas are rare neoplasms which have been infrequently reported. During the period of July 1974 to April 1982, six newborns with this lesion were seen at the Mott Children's Hospital. There were three males and three females, all of whom presented at birth with large semicystic neck masses. In four infants, calcifications were seen on x-ray. Four patients required intubation within the first hours of life for respiratory distress. One child of 33 weeks gestation expired prior to operation because of a hypoplastic left ventricle and bilateral hypoplastic lungs. Cord blood T3 and T4 values were normal in three patients; the TSH was elevated 1.5 and 2 times normal in two of these infants. Four neonates were operated upon within 24 hours of birth and suffered no postoperative complications. One baby presented on the third day of life and expired three hours postoperatively from persistent respiratory distress. The tumors were well encapsulated and arose from or were surrounded by a lobe of the thyroid gland. In each case, the tumor was removed by performing a total thyroid lobectomy. The presence of normal thyroid tissue at the resection margin (in the isthmus) was verified by frozen section. One patient presented with cervical node metastases but is currently free of disease one year postoperatively. These six cases bring the total reported cases in the literature to 136. The 80% mortality in cases not operated upon has been reduced to 15% by prompt operation. This series substantiates the significant respiratory distress that can occur in newborns with cervical teratomas and confirms the need for emergency surgery in this group of patients. PMID- 6620079 TI - Antenatal diagnosis and early surgery for choledochal cyst. AB - The pathogenesis and optimal treatment of choledochal cyst have long remained questions of considerable speculation and dispute. Because the pregnancy of a 37 year-old woman was felt to be at risk, five antenatal ultrasound examinations were made. The fourth examination at 31.5 weeks of gestation demonstrated a choledochal cyst. Following birth, the child was studied with repeat ultrasound examinations and scintigraphy. The results of these studies plus the findings at surgery contributed new evidence regarding the possible pathogenesis and optimal treatment of choledochal cysts. Although the time at which the cyst originated is compatible with the concept of reflux of pancreatic juice into the common duct, no abnormal junction of the pancreatic and common duct was identified. No evidence of obstruction as part of the pathogenesis could be demonstrated. Progressive changes in the choledochal cyst in the first ten days of life suggested that delay in diagnosis and treatment of a choledochal cyst may contribute to early complications such as cholangitis. Early excision of the cyst in the newborn is considered to be the optimal treatment and may pose less risk to the patient than delayed surgical exploration. PMID- 6620080 TI - The spectrum of serum electrolytes in hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. AB - Metabolic alkalosis is regarded as the "classical" electrolyte abnormality occurring with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) but recent experience suggests that atypical electrolyte findings frequently occur and delay establishing the correct diagnosis. The records of 65 infants with HPS treated by pyloromyotomy during the past 4 years were reviewed to determine the serum electrolytes at the initial presentation. The four study groups formed included 8 (12.3%) patients in group A with serum bicarbonate (HCO3) below 18 mEq/L (mean 15.7 +/- 0.5 mEq/L); 19 (29%) in group B with HCO3 between 18 and 25 (22.9 +/- 0.3); 22 (33.8%) in group C with HCO3 between 25 and 30 (27.0 +/- 0.3) and 16 (24.6%) in group D with HCO3 over 30 (34.0 +/- 0.9). Established values for normal HCO3 in neonates is 20.1 +/- 2.5 (mean +/- SD). The mean values in group D for HCO3, potassium (4.0 +/- 0.18 mEq/L), and chloride (88.75 +/- 2.15 mEq/L) were each significantly different (p less than 0.001) from determinations of similar electrolytes in other groups. The duration of vomiting in group D of 10.5 +/- 1.3 days is almost double the time (p less than 0.001) in group A, and was associated with more severe dehydration, predominantly acid urine (pH less than 6), and ketonuria as compared to other groups. No significant difference in other demographic characteristics including the age at presentation, the gestational age, sex distribution, or types of formula used was observed. The results of the study emphasize that serum electrolytes in early HPS may be normal, that HCO3 is significantly lower than established normals for older children, and that the effects of hydrogen-ion loss elevating the serum HCO3 precedes alterations in other serum electrolytes. PMID- 6620081 TI - Neuroblastoma with intraspinal (dumbbell) extension. AB - Twenty-three patients with neurogenic tumors having extradural extension (dumbbell tumors) were treated over a 30-year period. Three had ganglioneuroma, 6 had ganglioneuroblastoma, and 14 had neuroblastoma. Nineteen patients with malignant tumors had symptoms of spinal-cord compression; three patients with ganglioneuroma and one with a malignant tumor had no neurologic symptoms. Delays in diagnosis were frequent ranging from 6 weeks to 3 years in 10 patients. Sixteen patients had abnormal x-rays of the spine. All patients with malignant tumors had positive myelograms. Three patients with ganglioneuroma and 13 with malignant tumors are alive and free of disease. Seven patients with malignant tumors died: five with stage IV and 1 with stage III tumors from disease, and 1 with stage II tumor during laminectomy. Age and stage were important prognostic factors; location was not. Treatment consisted of excision and radiation or radiation only. Patients receiving lower-dose (less than 2000 rad) radiation did as well as those receiving much larger doses. Morbidity in patients with malignant tumors was high; 4 have spinal deformity (3 severe) and 8 of 13 surviving patients have residual neurologic deficits. Earlier diagnosis, a surgical approach which does not introduce morbidity, and low-dose radiation in younger patients are important factors in reducing morbidity. PMID- 6620082 TI - Mortality among children with rhabdomyosarcomas of the alveolar histologic subtype. AB - Of 116 patients with rhabdomyosarcoma of the alveolar histologic subtype who entered the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS) from 1972 to 1978, there were 72 deaths (63%), compared with a mortality of 39% among patients with all nonalveolar types combined. The subgroup with alveolar histology contributed greater than 29% of the total mortality, although it represented 20% of the total patients (p less than .001). This recurrence rate reflects increased local, regional, and distant relapse. Differences were most marked in patients with grossly excised tumors (clinical groups I and II) in which the mortality was 44% in patients with alveolar tumors (48 patients) versus 13.5% in those with embryonal histology (111 patients), and 16% in all patients with nonalveolar tumor types. When survival was influenced by primary tumor site this reflected, in most body areas, an increase in the proportion of patients with the alveolar histology in that site. Patients with unresected or disseminated tumors (clinical groups III and IV) of the alveolar subtype have initial response rates to VAC and radiotherapy which are similar to those of patients with tumors of other cell subtypes (70% for group III and 50% for group IV). In these clinical groups, the differences in survival related to histologic subtype are not significant. The presence of the alveolar histologic subtype represents a rational basis for employing more intensive therapy in the management of patients with rhabdomyosarcomas. PMID- 6620083 TI - Compliance with staging laparotomy in the Intergroup Hodgkin's Disease in Children Study: a preliminary report. AB - The intergroup Hodgkin's Disease in Children Study was designed to determine minimum effective treatment for stage I and II Hodgkin's disease in children up to 18 years of age. Accurate staging of the disease was therefore critical. The number of cases in which the surgeons adhered to the principles and details of the protocol staging laparotomy were less than anticipated during the first 3 years of the study. Improvement in protocol compliance increased as the study progressed. The educational efforts by cooperative groups are credited with initiating this improvement. PMID- 6620084 TI - Peritonitis: failure of hemodynamic response with dopamine. PMID- 6620085 TI - Long-term nutritional assessment of patients with esophageal atresia and/or tracheoesophageal fistula. AB - Fifty-three patients operated for esophageal atresia and/or tracheoesophageal fistula at the Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles returned for long-term nutritional assessment. The ages ranged from 11 months to 31 years of age with a mean age of 9 years 11 months. Nineteen percent of the patients were below the third percentile in height for their age, thus exhibiting evidence of chronic malnutrition. No significant differences could be demonstrated between patients with a birth weight above or below 2500 g or above or below 5 years of age. Patients over 13 years of age demonstrated considerably less evidence of chronic malnutrition (p less than .06), thus exhibiting a "catch-up" growth phenomenon. Associated anomalies and illnesses were frequently seen in patients with the most significant abnormal nutritional-assessment parameters. Nutritional assessment should be part of long-term management and follow-up of all patients with esophageal atresia or other congenital surgical anomalies. PMID- 6620086 TI - Recurrent tracheoesophageal fistulas seventeen-year review. PMID- 6620087 TI - A new look at the neonatal bowel-contrast studies with metrizamide (Amipaque). AB - Metrizamide is the first water-soluble radiographic contrast agent which, because it is nonionic, can be used in isotonic solution and gives good visualization of the desired body structure. Its only major disadvantage is that it is very expensive. Metrizamide can be used to study the neonatal bowel in clinical situations where all the other existing contrast agents are contraindicated. The results of 55 metrizamide studies of the bowel in infants are reviewed. In necrotizing enterocolitis metrizamide aids in confirming or rejecting the diagnosis, identifying patients for surgery, and in evaluating the response to surgery. Metrizamide can identify the etiology in unusual cases of bowel obstruction. Metrizamide correctly identified a thoracic origin of free peritoneal air in four cases and a bowel origin in two cases. It identified bowel perforation in two patients in the absence of pneumoperitoneum. In six patients, the metrizamide study identified the cause for a gasless abdomen. It is concluded that metrizamide has a valuable role to play in evaluating a variety of neonatal bowel disorders. PMID- 6620089 TI - Staging of the endorectal pull-through operation for ulcerative colitis. AB - Of 43 patients undergoing operation for ulcerative colitis or polyposis, we found staging of the operation advisable in 7 instances. The initial operation consisted of subtotal colectomy with a Hartman's pouch and an ileostomy. The second procedure was a mucosal proctectomy, ileoanal anastomosis, and construction of a pelvic reservoir into the terminal ileum. The ileostomy was closed as a third procedure with approximately 6 months between each operation. Staging is recommended when emergency operation is required because of bleeding, perforation, or toxic megacolon; when significant technical problems are encountered with the mucosal stripping; or when the surgeon has had limited experience with the procedure. With the addition of staging to the surgeon's armamentarium, it is now possible to offer total colectomy with preservation of rectal continence to virtually all patients suffering from chronic ulcerative colitis. PMID- 6620088 TI - Hexosaminidase: a marker for intestinal gangrene in necrotizing enterocolitis. AB - Detection of intestinal ischemia, prior to necrosis, is a major clinical problem. The lysosomal acid hydrolase, hexosaminidase (HEX), is known to be elevated in intestinal infarction. To determine if this enzyme could differentiate between partial intestinal ischemia and full-thickness intestinal gangrene, the following rat study was designed. Partial segmental intestinal ischemia was created by ligating alternate vascular bundles over a short (6 vessel) segment of the small bowel mesentery, and complete segmental intestinal vascular occlusion was achieved by ligating the blood supply to the ileocecal segment. Preoperative serum HEX values were obtained from 15 animals. The rats were separated into one sham-operated and two intestinal ischemia groups. At four hours after surgery HEX values were determined. Total HEX activity was significantly elevated four hours after insult in both partial and complete intestinal ischemia, (P less than 0.005 and P less than 0.001 respectively). Total HEX activity was greater in complete intestinal ischemia than in partial ischemia, (P less than 0.05). Three neonates with intestinal perforation, secondary to necrotizing enterocolitis, were evaluated. The mean preoperative HEX activity was 1421 nmol/hr/mL serum and the mean post-resection HEX activity was 808 nmol/hr/mL serum. These data suggest that serum HEX activity may be a good marker for intestinal gangrene in neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis. PMID- 6620090 TI - Persistent incompetence of the cervix in female infants with congenital abnormalities of the pelvic viscera and perineum. AB - Vaginal reflux during voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) is a common finding in young females. Reflux of urine into the uterus, fallopian tubes, and peritoneal cavity documented by contrast studies is rare and considered abnormal. Chronic retrograde flow of urine and its contaminants through an incompetent cervical os mechanism into the peritoneal cavity may lead to peritonitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and sterility. Five females with congenital abnormalities of the pelvic viscera and perineum had reflux into the uterus, fallopian tubes, and/or peritoneal cavity during voiding studies done before or months to years after successful corrective surgery. The findings were compatible with a persistent incompetent cervical os. It appears that this group of patients is at risk for the development of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease and its consequences. PMID- 6620091 TI - The surgeon's role in chronic peritoneal dialysis. AB - Hemodialysis has been the mainstay for children with end-stage renal disease until a successful renal transplant is accomplished. Chronic peritoneal dialysis has been a second choice and, in special circumstances such as for small infants, children without vascular access, or patients unstable on hemodialysis, it is the only alternative. Recent refinements in peritoneal catheters and dialysis have added to the many medical, psychological, and economic advantages, resulting in the displacement of hemodialysis by peritoneal dialysis as the most frequently used modality. Forty-six patients were followed for 593 catheter months on peritoneal dialysis. A total of 74 procedures were performed, and 56 catheters were implanted. Complications included infection and mechanical occlusion of the catheter. Peritonitis occurred in 13 of the 46 patients on 56 separate occasions. There were 5 episodes of subcutaneous catheter infection. The peritonitis was treated with medical therapy alone in 50 of the 56 episodes of peritonitis. Mechanical occlusion in 10 patients and remedial surgery was required in 9. Of the total series, 4 patients were returned to hemodialysis and 5 patients died. Based on this experience we have developed guidelines to assist the surgeon in preventing and treating the various complications associated with chronic peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 6620092 TI - Management of intractable and extensive tracheal stenosis by implantation of cartilage graft. AB - A variety of methods have been developed to solve the problem of extensive tracheal stenosis. Endoscopic resection with injection of steroids was performed with some success. Resection with end-to-end anastomosis has been attempted in localized tracheal stenosis, but it is not practical in extensive tracheal stenosis. As an alternative to the above procedures, we performed a simpler operation to increase the diameter of the narrow trachea. We treated three children (a 7-month-old, a 2-year-old, and a 3-year-old) who had severe tracheal stenosis. The trachea was explored through a cervical transverse incision. The anterior wall of the trachea at the level of the stenosis was opened longitudinally and the scar in the tracheal lumen was resected. A free-cartilage graft measuring 1 X 4 cm was taken from the third costochondral junction and was wedged and sutured in place into the tracheal opening. This resulted in increasing the internal diameter of the stenotic trachea. A nasotracheal tube was left in place at the end of the procedure for 48 hours. The children are still asymptomatic 19, 10, and 8 months postoperatively. The careful selection and preparation of the patients for this procedure is discussed. PMID- 6620093 TI - Management of tracheobronchial and esophageal foreign bodies in childhood. PMID- 6620094 TI - Surgical implications of endemic histoplasmosis in children. PMID- 6620095 TI - Management of pneumothorax in cystic fibrosis. AB - The increased longevity of patients with cystic fibrosis has resulted in a concomitant increase in the frequency with which pneumothorax is seen. While several approaches to this problem have been available from both a medical and surgical standpoint, unsettled questions remain regarding the efficacy of various modalities of therapy. A review of our own experience with 170 episodes of pneumothorax has provided a basis for proposing what appears to be a reasoned approach to therapy. During the past 12 years, 65 patients ages 5 to 32 years experienced 170 episodes of pneumothorax. Of the 211 trials of treatment, all yielded a high rate of initial resolution (70% to 100%) but rates of recurrence were high. The recurrence rates were: observation 60%, thoracentesis 79%, trochar thoracotomy 63%, tetracycline sclerosis 86%, and silver nitrate 43%. Quinacrine sclerosis yielded an acceptable recurrence rate of 12.5% and partial pleurectomy had no recurrence. There was no statistical difference in the pulmonary function parameters determined before pneumothorax and after chemical pleurodesis or partial pleurectomy. Based upon the data obtained in this review, we recommend that initial management of the pneumothorax include evacuation of the pneumothorax using a chest tube and then chemical pleurodesis using quinacrine sclerosis. In those cases where this pleurodesis fails, upper-partial pleurectomy with obliteration of pleural blebs via a limited thoracentesis is the treatment of choice. An occasional patient requires a concomitant lobectomy. PMID- 6620096 TI - EMS for pediatrics: optimum treatment or unnecessary delay? PMID- 6620097 TI - Preventable traumatic deaths in children. AB - In order to discern the frequency of preventable traumatic deaths in children, the medical examiners' records of 118 consecutive traumatic deaths (except burns and drownings) in children up to 15 years of age in metropolitan St. Louis were reviewed between 1977 and 1981. Thirty-eight different hospitals were involved in the case of these patients. Where possible, victims were assigned a Modified Injury Severity Score (MISS). Twenty-five percent of the deaths unassociated with neurological damage were deemed preventable. The frequency of preventable deaths and the excessive number of hospitals involved suggests that pediatric surgeons should become involved in the development of regionalized trauma care, lending their expertise to the development of triage and treatment protocols for injured children. PMID- 6620098 TI - Ten years of experience with falls from a height in children. AB - Falls from a height are a major cause of accidental death in urban children. The medical and social data on 61 children admitted over the last decade for falls of one or more stories were reviewed. Seventy-seven percent of the children survived. Of the children who fell three stories or less, all survived (100%). Fifty percent mortality occurred between the fifth and sixth floors. Seventy seven percent of the falls were accidental and 23% of the children jumped or were pushed. The 96% decrease in accidental falls from windows since 1979 demonstrates that the "Children Can't Fly" program in New York City has almost eliminated accidental falls from windows in our hospital population. PMID- 6620099 TI - The nonoperative management of pediatric hepatic trauma. AB - Although nonoperative therapy is well-accepted for renal and splenic injuries in children, this mode of treatment has not been widely advocated for children with blunt hepatic injury. Surgical repair or excision of the traumatized tissue has been the generally accepted standard of care. In the present series, 17 consecutive children between 2 and 13 years of age with liver trauma were managed by nonoperative means. Patients were carefully selected for treatment based on clinical criteria and initial computed tomography (CT) scan findings. The 17 patients with hepatic trauma identified by CT scan all responded to initial resuscitative measures. The children clinically remained stable and required only a limited number of transfusions. No immediate surgical intervention was necessary for isolated hepatic injuries. However, one patient required exploration due to an associated renal pedicle avulsion. One child required exploration on the fourth post-injury day because of a suspected infected hematoma. The remaining 15 injuries resolved without operation. Healing was documented on follow-up CT scans. The mean time required for resolution of the injury was 4 months. One child developed a late subhepatic hematoma which resolved without drainage. The progression of healing of hepatic parenchymal injuries was observed by serial CT scans. The liver injury progressed through stages of coalescence, resorption, and remodeling prior to final healing. Utilizing proper patient selection, many blunt liver injuries can be managed nonoperatively. PMID- 6620100 TI - Evaluation of placental function in women on antiepileptic drugs. AB - Placental function in the presence of antiepileptic drugs was assessed in 144 unselected late pregnancies of women with epilepsy. The most common drugs of the mothers were phenytoin (104 pregnancies), carbamazepine (42) and phenobarbitone (26). 144 control parturients matched for maternal age, parity, fetal sex and social class were also studied. No significant associations between the types or the serum concentrations of the mother's antiepileptic drugs and her serum HPL, 24-hour total urinary estriol excretion, placental weight or her child's birth weight were observed. However, since the serum levels of antiepileptic drugs were usually within or below the therapeutic ranges the study does not exclude the possibility that very high drug concentrations might have some effects. The incidences of common pregnancy complications did not differ between epileptics and controls. Serum HPL and urinary estriol values in epileptic women agreed well with the references for normal. It is concluded that the long-term use of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy has no clinically important effects on placental function or on its biochemical tests in spite of the enzyme induction properties of these drugs. Values of serum HPL and 24-hour total urinary estriol excretion can thus be interpreted in the usual manner in women who are on antiepileptic medication. PMID- 6620101 TI - Colloid osmotic pressure: variations in normal pregnancy. AB - Pregnancy is associated with an increase in the extravascular fluid by about two litres. The regulation of fluid flux across capillary membrane is dependent on the STARLING's forces. Thus increased fluid shift into the extravascular space may occur during pregnancy when the intra-capillary hydrostatic pressure exceeds the opposing influence of plasma colloid oncotic pressure (COP). In order to evaluate these forces more fully, COP, hematocrit (HCT), serum total solids (STS), mean blood pressure (MBP) and MBP-COP gradient (M-C) were measured cross sectionally in 184 women with normal uncomplicated pregnancy. COP fell gradually during the first and second trimesters, lowest at 30-34 weeks, thereafter it rose. The relationship of COP and gestational age was best described by the quadratic equation. The patterns of changes of HCT and STS with respect to gestational age were similar to COP. MBP and M-C were linearly correlated to gestational age. The increment in M-C with advancing gestational age would promote fluid flux from intra to extravascular space in normal pregnancy. PMID- 6620102 TI - Comparative mortality and morbidity of infants transferred in utero or postnatally. AB - The outcome of two hundred and twelve infants transferred in utero and delivered in the regional neonatal intensive care center is compared with one hundred and sixty-six infants born elsewhere and transferred neonatally to the same unit, during the same period of time. The mean birthweight (+/- 1 S.D.) was 1391 g (+/- 415 g) for the infants transferred in utero, and 1398 g (+/- 415 g) for the infants transferred neonatally. The mean gestational age of the two groups was 29.9 completed weeks for both groups. Survival was defined as discharge from the neonatal unit and intraventricular hemorrhage was diagnosed ultrasonically. The survival rate was 83% for the group transferred in utero and 70% for the group transferred postnatally (p = less than 0.01). The incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage was 30% and 45% respectively (p = less than 0.01). Using birthweight specific perinatal mortality rates and intraventricular hemorrhage rates of the neonatally transferred group for standardisation, it can be calculated that 27 infants survived and 31 were protected from intraventricular hemorrhage because of in utero transfer. It is concluded that infants likely to require neonatal intensive care have decreased mortality and morbidity if transferred in utero to a center with these facilities rather than being transferred neonatally. PMID- 6620103 TI - Prenatal diagnosis and treatment of intrauterine growth retardation. AB - Prenatal treatment consisting of daytime bedrest, high protein diet and oral administration of allylestrenol was assessed in a prospective study of 30 patients with IUGR infants whose ultrasonically estimated body weight was less than the 10th percentile. In these pregnancies, the gestational age was confirmed in the first trimester, and the fetal weight was estimated from the BPD and AC measurements in the third trimester (Fig. 1). Following treatment, ultrasonic and biochemical determinations were performed. As results: The estimated fetal weight of 1,362 g at 32.9 g gestational weeks increased to 2,678 g at 39.2 weeks on average. The average weekly weight gain was significantly higher than the standard, and 16 cases (53.3%) were more than 10th percentile at birth (Tab. I, Fig. 2). A significant correlation (r = 0.94) between the estimated fetal weight and the birth weight was found. Following prenatal treatments, maternal plasma and urinary estriol, plasma HPL and progesterone increased significantly (Tab. II). PMID- 6620104 TI - Note on the reliability of three MMPI short forms. AB - The Mini-Mult, FAM, and MMPI-168 were evaluated for correspondence with the full form MMPIs of 252 adult psychiatric inpatients. Although the correlations of each short form's estimated full-scale score with the corresponding actual full-form scale were high, only the FAM was able to reasonably predict the full-form single high-point code. The range of difference scores between short forms and the corresponding full-form scales was very wide and there was a low agreement rate with the full-form. These results contradict those of Newmark, Ziff, Finch, and Kendall (1978) and raise doubts about the utility of these three short forms. PMID- 6620105 TI - Prediction of Wiggins content scale scores from 168- and 399-item abbreviations of the MMPI. AB - Multiple regression equations for estimating Wiggins content scores from 399- and 168-item abbreviations of Form R of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) were derived for 100 patients and cross-validated in a separate sample of 50 patients. Across samples, Rs between 399-item short form scales and corresponding full scales were very high (median = .98 for the total sample), and the equations predicted accurately in cross-validation. Rs in estimating from 168 items were lower (median = .91 for the total sample), but the equations estimated mean content scores well in cross-validation. These results were viewed as indicating that there may be little loss in estimating from 399 items but that error in prediction may be unacceptably high for some of the 168-item short form scales. The correspondence of Wiggins scales and standard MMPI scales was also studied through regression analyses, and it was concluded that, although there is considerably overlap in the two sets of scales, inferences as to self-report content from the standard scales are not always simple or especially accurate. PMID- 6620106 TI - Identification of random responders on MMPI protocols. AB - In clinical practice, indicators of random or irrelevant responses on MMPI protocols are typically not examined, and, if obtained, assumed to be the result of either gross psychopathology or attempts to malinger. A sample of 40 computer generated random profiles and 40 profiles of forensic outpatients were compared on validity scales, clinical scales, and scales specially designed to detect randomness (TR index and Carelessness Scale). Results of discriminant analysis indicated differentiating patterns of responses with random profiles generally elevated. Further, the accuracy of several clinical decisions rules were evaluated. The "F greater than 80 and TR greater than 4" rule was found to have the greatest clinical utility at correctly classifying random responders. PMID- 6620107 TI - Ethnicity, criminality, and the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory. AB - Scores on the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI) were analyzed in relation to violent versus nonviolent criminality and ethnic group membership within a sample of adult, male offenders. Although the white, Mexican-American, and black subjects differed on both psychometric and criminological variables, there was no statistically significant association between these predictors and criteria for either the total sample or the individual ethnic groups. The results were seen to contradict recent claims regarding the validity of the BDHI as a discriminator of violent behavior. PMID- 6620108 TI - Factor structure and discriminant validity of the SCL-90 in a veteran psychiatric population. AB - This study tested whether the symptom dimension subscales derived for the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) by factor analysis could be replicated in a new sample. It was administered to 442 veterans undergoing psychiatric treatment at a VA psychiatric outpatient clinic. Factor analysis using the principal-components method yielded a factor structure different from those previously reported for other populations. The first factor extracted, Depression, explained 37% of the variance of the entire instrument, or more than eight times the variance explained by the second factor. Only five of the nine reported SCL-90 symptom subscales emerged in this study; the Anxiety and Psychoticism subscales disappeared, and the Paranoia and Interpersonal Sensitivity subscales merged. In this population the instrument seems to measure a single global distress factor instead of nine independent symptom subscales as reported previously. This finding was corroborated by the fact that depressed, anxious, and schizophrenic patients showed no differences in SCL-90 symptom profile shapes, although they did differ in overall symptom intensity. PMID- 6620109 TI - The Sustaining Fantasy Questionnaire: measurement of sustaining functions of fantasies in psychiatric inpatients. AB - The concept of the sustaining fantasy and the Sustaining Fantasy Questionnaire (SFQ), an instrument for its measurement, is introduced. Sustaining fantasies represent characteristic ways to ameliorate intense negative affect or to restore self-esteem. The responses of 134 psychiatric inpatients were used to construct ten scales. The SFQ and MMPI were then administered to 125 nonpatients. Psychiatric inpatients had higher scores than normals on fantasies of death, withdrawal, restitution, suffering, God, and closeness. Fantasies of power and revenge, admiration of self, competition and aesthetics did not differentiate between groups. SFQ scales correlated significantly with MMPI scales and demographic characteristics as well with staff ratings of the inpatients. PMID- 6620110 TI - Pharmacokinetics of a sustained-release theophylline preparation in healthy subjects. AB - A comparative pharmacokinetic study between a sustained-release theophylline tablet (Theona) and aminophylline powder following multiple oral administrations every 12 h at a 200 mg theophylline dose was performed in ten healthy adult volunteers. As the results, theophylline in Theona revealed almost completely absorbed as is aminophylline. A peak-trough difference with Theona was less than half of that with aminophylline powder. These results suggest that Theona has excellent characteristics as a sustained-release preparation. In addition, in order to investigate dose-dependent kinetics for theophylline, the relationship between average plasma level and dosage was examined with Theona. The plasma level showed proportional change at the low concentrations. When the plasma level was close to 10 micrograms/ml, however, dosage increment results in an increasingly greater change of plasma level, which may indicate a high risk of toxicity. PMID- 6620111 TI - Altered thiamine propyl disulfide metabolism in rats with liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride and D-galactosamine. PMID- 6620112 TI - Pharmacological studies on supersensitization. XI. Inhibitory effect of dibenamine on tripelennamine-N,N-dimethyl-N',N'-dibenzylethylenediamine- and N,N dibenzyl-N', N'-dimethyl-1, 2-propanediamine-induced supersensitivity of isolated vas deferens of guinea pig. AB - Effects of dibenamine on tripelennamine-, N,N-dimethyl-N',N' dibenzylethylenediamine (DBED)- and N,N-dibenzyl-N',N'-dimethyl-1,2 propanediamine (DBPD)-induced supersensitivity of isolated vas deferens of guinea pig were examined. Dibenamine attenuated the degree of tripelennamine- and DBED induced increase in sensitivity to acetylcholine and potassium in standard Tyrode solution, but did not affect the degree of DBPD-induced increase in sensitivity to acetylcholine. Dibenamine diminished the degree of tripelennamine-induced increase, but did not affect the degree of DBED-induced increase, in maximum response to Ca2+ of partially depolarized vas deferens. Dibenamine diminished the degree of tripelennamine- and DBED-induced augmentation of potassium-contraction in Ca2+-free Tyrode solution, but did not affect that of acetylcholine contraction. These results suggest that dibenamine prevent tripelennamine- and DBED-induced increase in Ca2+-influx (including extracellular Ca2+-superficial Ca2+ exchange) induced by acetylcholine and potassium. It is also suggested that DBPD potentiates acetylcholine-contraction by dibenamine-insensitive mechanisms. PMID- 6620113 TI - Pharmacological studies on supersensitization. XII. Inhibitory effect of reserpine on tripelennamine-, N,N-dimethyl-N',N'-dibenzylethylenediamine- and N,N dibenzyl-N',N'-dimethyl-1,2-propanediamine-induced supersensitivity of isolated vas deferens of guinea pig to acetylcholine. AB - Effects of tripelennamine, N,N-dimethyl-N',N'-dibenzylethylenediamine (DBED) and N,N-dibenzyl-N',N'-dimethyl-1,2-propanediamine (DBPD) on the isotonic contractions of isolated vas deferens of intact and reserpinized guinea pigs to acetylcholine were examined. Increase in sensitivity to acetylcholine induced by tripelennamine, DBED and DBPD was attenuated remarkably by reserpine. Tripelennamine- and DBED-induced increases in Ca2+-contractions were not affected by reserpine. Acetylcholine-contractions in Ca2+-free Tyrode solution were inhibited by reserpine, but K+-contractions in Ca2+-free Tyrode solution were not affected by reserpine. Tripelennamine- and DBED-induced increases in acetylcholine- and K+-contractions in Ca2+-free Tyrode solution were attenuated or abolished by reserpine. DBPD decreased cholinesterase activity of vas deferens of guinea pig, but DBED did not. These results suggest that, although the Ca2+ storage site utilized for acetylcholine-contraction is different from that for K+ contraction, tripelennamine- and DBED-induced increase in Ca2+-release from superficial Ca2+-binding sites induced by acetylcholine and K+ is inhibited by reserpine. It is also estimated that DBPD-induced supersensitivity to acetylcholine might be due to the inhibition of cholinesterase activity. However, the mechanism of inhibition of DBPD-induced supersensitivity by reserpine remained obscure. PMID- 6620114 TI - The developmental process from micelle to liquid crystal in the ursodeoxycholate, phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol solution. AB - The developmental process from micelle to liquid crystal via the bilayer membrane is described based on electron microscopic observations using the freeze fracture method in solutions containing ursodeoxycholate, phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol. Comparisons of sodium tauroursodeoxycholate and sodium taurochenodeoxycholate solutions were performed and this developmental process was confirmed only in the sodium tauroursodeoxycholate, phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol solution under physiological conditions. PMID- 6620115 TI - Inhibitory action of 2-(1-,2-benzisoxazol-3-yl)-3-[2-(2-piperidinoethoxy) phenyl]acrylonitrile (SX-284) on acetylcholine release from vagus nerve in guinea pig ileum. AB - Newly synthesized compound, 2-(1-,2-benzisoxazol-3-yl)-3-[2-(2 piperidinoethoxy)phenyl]acrylonitrile (SX-284) inhibited electrically evoked acetylcholine release from the stores in the myenteric plexus-longitudinal strips of guinea pig ileum which was labelled with [3H]-choline but not the evoked release of tracer from rat vas deferens after labelling with [3H]-norepinephrine. These results support our previous findings that SX-284 specifically inhibit acetylcholine release from the vagus nerve in the gastrointestinal canal. PMID- 6620116 TI - Biochemical study on spontaneous thymoma rats with motor dysfunction. AB - Spontaneous thymoma rats, Buffalo/Mna (B/Mna), in which nephrotic syndrome (NS) has recently been observed, have notable features in connection with muscle diseases; they exhibit muscle fatigability and weakness. Some biochemical measurements used for diagnosis of muscle diseases and NS were performed in these rats. ACI strain served as a reference strain. Urinary creatinine level and serum enzyme activities such as CPK, aldolase, GOT and GPT in the B/Mna rats did not differ from those in the ACI rats. On the other hand, urinary creatine level, the ratio of urinary creatine to creatinine and serum total cholesterol level in the B/Mna rats were significantly greater than those in the ACI rats. B/Mna rats also showed proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia. These results indicate the possibility of some pathological change of skeletal muscles which may result at least partially from abnormal lipid metabolism and hypoproteinemia as a consequence of NS, differing from the typical muscular dystrophy. PMID- 6620117 TI - Biologically active principles of crude drugs. Pharmacological evaluation of cholagogue substances in clove and its properties. AB - The present study was carried out to elucidate the effect of clove and its active principles in view of cholagogue. The cholagogue effect was observed in acetone extract of clove and eugenol. Acetyl-eugenol also possessed cholagogue property. PMID- 6620119 TI - Comparison of effects of smooth muscle relaxing drugs in intestinal smooth muscle of guinea pig. AB - Effects of smooth muscle relaxants on histamine-, Ba2+- and Ca2+-induced contractions, or on electrical activities were examined in the longitudinal smooth muscle of guinea-pig ileum or taenia coli, respectively. Papaverine, D-600 and diltiazem effectively inhibited the Ca2+ responses and the tonic components of the histamine and Ba2+ responses. Especially, D-600 and diltiazem depressed the Ca2+ responses in much lower concentrations than papaverine and theophylline. In contrast, benactyzine and etomidoline were not specific antagonists against the Ca2+ responses, and they were effective inhibitory agents on the phasic responses to histamine and Ba2+. Nitroprusside failed to reduce the three types of contractions effectively. These results suggest that these seven relaxants can be divided into four types. Influence of those relaxants on spontaneously- and Ba2+-evoked electrical activities are compatible with the above differentiation. The four types of relaxants used in this study seem to exert their actions on smooth muscle in different way. Nitroprusside, however, is not a potent relaxant against contractions of the intestinal smooth muscles. PMID- 6620118 TI - Studies on the mechanism of anti-inflammatory activities of papyriogenin a and papyriogenin C. AB - The mechanism of anti-inflammatory action of papyriogenin A and C, obtained from Tetrapanax papyriferum, were investigated by the following methods; the cotton pellet granuloma test in normal and adrenalectomized rats, the blockade by anti glucocorticoids of vascular permeability caused by serotonin in mice and the competition on 5 beta-reduction of steroidal compounds. The anti-inflammatory activity was observed in the decreasing order; papyriogenin C greater than papyriogenin A on the carrageenin-induced paw edema in mice, as reported in our previous paper. In a serotonin-induced paw edema, pretreatment with progesterone (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) blocked completely the anti-inflammatory effects of papyriogenin A or C at 10 and 50 mg/kg. When actinomycin D (1 and 2 mg/kg) or cycloheximide (6 mg/kg) was given twice, simultaneously with papyriogenin A or C, during the latent period for the manifestation of the anti-inflammatory effect, the anti-inflammatory effects of papyriogenin A and C were blocked completely by s.c. administration. The effects of papyriogenin A or C, 30 mg/kg p.o., on the cotton pellet granuloma test in adrenalectomized rats were similar to those of normal rats. On the other hand, the competitive effects of papyriogenin A and C on 5 beta-reduction of testosterone and cortisol were recognized to be significant. These activities of papyriogenin A and C are explained by their steroidal actions in the target cell and their competitive effects in endogenous corticoid metabolism in liver. PMID- 6620120 TI - Effect of BR-227, a new bromhexine derivative, on secretory activities of tracheal secretory cells. AB - The effects of BR-227 on secretory activities of canine tracheal secretory cells including behavior of mucus glycoproteins were investigated histologically and histochemically. Following BR-227 treatment at a concentration of alcian blue at pH 2.5 and periodic acid-Schiff (AB (pH 2.5)/PAS) decreased in a concentration dependent manner. Furthermore, a decrease in the thickness of the acini of submucosal glands and in marked increase in the ratio of acinar inner diameter of the gland to tracheal wall were induced after application of BR-227 at a concentration range of 10(-7) to 10(-4) M. The numbers of goblet and submucosal glandular cells which stained blue and purple with AB (pH 2.5)/PAS were decreased by BR-227 treatment in a concentrations-dependent way, whereas the cells which stained red were markedly increased. In the experiment using a combination of AB at pH 1.0 and PAS, a decrease in sulfated glycoproteins in those secretory cells was observed. Total saccharide and protein concentrations in the incubation fluid increased with BR-227 treatment, while N-acetylhexomsamine concentration tended to decrease. These findings suggest that BR-227 stimulates secretory activities of both goblet cells and submucosal glands, and lowers mucus viscosity in the secretory cells. PMID- 6620121 TI - Effects of sodium ursodeoxycholate, hyodeoxycholate and dehydrocholate on cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in rats. AB - Effects of sodium ursodeoxycholate, hyodeoxycholate and dehydrocholate on serum and liver cholesterol levels, bile flow, biliary cholesterol, phospholipid and bile acid secretions, and fecal sterol and bile acid excretions were examined with Wistar strain male rats fed ordinary and 2% cholesterol supplemented diets. Dehydrocholate increased the liver cholesterol level, bile flow and biliary lipid secretion, but ursodeoxycholate and hyodeoxycholate did not. The serum cholesterol level was not changed by the treatments. Ursodeoxycholate and hyodeoxycholate increased their own secretion into the bile and decreased cholic acid secretion, while dehydrocholate increased deoxycholic acid and oxo bile acid secretion. Ursodeoxycholate increased but dehydrocholate decreased the fecal sterol excretion, and hyodeoxycholate caused no change. Dehydrocholate decreased the fecal coprostanol level. The total amounts of the fecal bile acids were similar in all the treated groups, but ursodeoxycholate increased lithocholic acid, alpha, beta- and omega-muricholic acids and ursodeoxycholic acid; hyodeoxycholate increased hyodeoxycholic acid, 3 alpha, 7 beta, 12 alpha trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanoic acid and oxo bile acids; and dehydrocholate increased deoxycholic acid, cholic acid, omega-muricholic acid and oxo bile acids and decreased hyodeoxycholic acid. These data suggested that ursodeoxycholate was transformed into lithocholic and muricholic acids, and dehydrocholate into cholic and deoxycholic acids during the enterohepatic circulation, but hyodeoxycholate showed almost no change. Ursodeoxycholate and hyodeoxycholate caused neither accumulation of cholesterol in tissues nor increase in bile flow and biliary lipid secretion as well as chenodeoxycholate did. The biological effect of dehydrocholate was similar to that of cholate, and this was partially due to its conversion into cholic acid and deoxycholic acid. PMID- 6620122 TI - Sensation seeking, augmenting-reducing, and absolute auditory threshold: a strength-of-the-nervous-system perspective. AB - The following measures were obtained from 42 student volunteers: the General and the Disinhibition subscales of the Sensation Seeking Scale (Form IV), the Reducer Augmenter Scale, and the Absolute Auditory Threshold. General sensation seeking correlated significantly with the Reducer-Augmenter Scale, r(40) = .59, p less than .001, and the Absolute Auditory Threshold, r(40) = .45, p less than .005. Both results proved general across sex. These findings, that high-sensation seekers tend to be reducers and to lack sensitivity to weak stimulation, were interpreted as supporting strength-of-the-nervous-system theory more than the formulation of Zuckerman and his associates. PMID- 6620123 TI - Self-efficacy expectancies, outcome expectancies, and the persistence of pain control in childbirth. AB - Bandura's (1977) self-efficacy theory of mastery behavior distinguishes self efficacy expectancies from outcome expectancies. The relative roles of self efficacy expectancies, outcome expectancies, and importance were studied as predictors of persistence of pain control in medication-free childbirth. Fifty two primiparous women made self-efficacy judgments before and during labor and then reported in postdelivery interviews the timing and amount of medication use during labor and delivery. Self-efficacy expectancies predicted persistence in pain control without medication better than outcome expectancies, importance, and seven other alternative predictors, supporting several aspects of construct validation of the self-efficacy expectancy construct. However, self-efficacy and outcome expectancies were very highly correlated and largely redundant in their correlations with mastery. Three possible reasons and implications for the lack of differentiation of self-efficacy and outcome expectancies are discussed. PMID- 6620124 TI - Factors associated with rape as predictors of laboratory aggression against women. AB - This study examined the relation between factors associated with "real"-world aggression against women and laboratory aggression. In the first phase of the research, assessment was made of the attitudes about aggression against women and of the sexual responsiveness to rape of 42 male subjects. In the second phase of the research, which subjects believed was a totally independent experiment, aggression was assessed within a Buss paradigm. It was found that the factors assessed in the first phase successfully predicted men's laboratory aggression in the second research phase. The data are interpreted as supporting the construct validity of (a) theory that suggests that common factors underlie varied acts of aggression against women, (b) the measures designed to predict aggressive tendencies, and (c) the methodology of assessing aggression within a laboratory context. PMID- 6620125 TI - Consequences of schemata for attention, impressions, and recall in complex social interactions. AB - A study was conducted to assess the effects of personality schemata on attentional allocation, impressions, and memory among observers of a complex social interaction. Subjects were first primed with schematic descriptions of an actor, and then they listened to an audiotape in which that actor and another participated in several separate conversations, with the primed actor either in the foreground or in the background. Other subjects could throw a switch to shift either actors' conversations into the foreground. As predicted, subjects in this last group shifted their attention away from the primed actor after determining that his behavior did not violate the schema they had been given and shifted their attention back when the primed actor acted in a schema-inconsistent manner. Analyses of all three attentional conditions revealed that the less attention subjects were able to pay to the primed actor, the more they relied on their schemata in making impression judgments, the more confident they were in the occurrence of schema-consistent "false alarm" behaviors, and the less confident they were in the occurrence of schema-inconsistent and schema-irrelevant behaviors. These results are discussed in terms of subject strategies in dealing with information overload when processing complex stimuli. PMID- 6620126 TI - Marital interaction: physiological linkage and affective exchange. AB - Thirty married couples were studied during naturalistic interactions to determine the extent to which variation in marital satisfaction could be accounted for by physiological and affective patterns between and within spouses. The authors hypothesized that (a) compared to nondistressed couples' interactions, distressed couples' interactions would show greater physiological interrelatedness or "linkage," more negative affect, and more reciprocity of negative affect and (b) these differences would be more pronounced when the interaction was high in conflict (discussing a marital problem) as opposed to low in conflict (discussing the events of the day). Heart rate, skin conductance, pulse transmission time, and somatic activity from both spouses were analyzed using bivariate time-series techniques to derive a measure of physiological linkage. Self-report affective data (obtained using a video-recall procedure) were analyzed using sequential analyses to derive a measure of affect reciprocity. The hypotheses were strongly supported; 60% of the variance in marital satisfaction was accounted for using measures of physiological linkage alone. Additional nonredundant variance was accounted for by the other physiological and affective measures. PMID- 6620127 TI - Patterns of inner experience: daydreaming styles, depressive moods, and sex roles. AB - This study explored relations among daydreaming styles, normal depressive moods, and psychological sex roles. Factor analyses indicated that three orientations toward events characterize inner experience: Positive, Expressive, and Instrumental perspectives. Regression analyses showed that a unique pattern of inner experience is associated with each of the two types of depressive mood. These patterns are consistent with the two modes of emotional response and superego functioning--shame and guilt--that Lewis (1976) identified. Examination of sex differences and sex role differences in the data suggests that (a) psychological sex roles have more consistent relations to daydreaming styles and depressive experiences than does biological sex, (b) previous reports of sex differences in depression may be partly explainable in terms of differences in distractability and sex roles, and (c) psychological sex roles have different meanings for women and men. PMID- 6620129 TI - [Studies on the Chinese crude drug "Shoma." VII. Isolation and determination of genuine natural products, acetyl shengmanol xyloside, 24-O-acetylhydroshengmanol xyloside, and shengmanol xyloside, in Cimicifuga dahurica and the other Cimicifuga plants]. PMID- 6620128 TI - Depression, social comparison, and the false-consensus effect. AB - In general, people perceive high consensus for their own attributes (i.e., the false-consensus effect). Depressed and nondepressed college students were asked about the extent to which depression-relevant and depression-irrelevant attributes were true of themselves and true of the "average college student." Subjects were also asked questions assessing the accuracy of their perceptions of others. Depressed subjects showed less false consensus than nondepressed subjects. Although depressives characterized themselves as dissimilar to others, they showed no consistent bias to depreciate themselves relative to others. Nondepressives, on the other hand, consistently enhanced themselves relative to others, although the magnitude of their self-other differences was smaller than that of depressives. Interestingly, the tendency to depreciate themselves relative to others on negative depression-relevant items was a better predictor of severity of depression than self-perceptions or other perceptions alone. Findings regarding the accuracy of perceptions of others were mixed. The study is discussed in terms of its implications for the false-consensus effect, depressive attributional style, nondepressive self-serving biases, and therapy for depression. PMID- 6620130 TI - [Studies on the synthesis and antiallergic activity of 5H-[1]-benzopyrano[2,3 b]pyridine derivatives]. PMID- 6620131 TI - [Effects of anti-"Oketsu" drugs on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis]. PMID- 6620132 TI - [Studies on the relationship between physico-chemical properties and crystalline forms of tulobuterol hydrochloride. III. Hygroscopic properties of polymorphs of tulobuterol hydrochloride]. PMID- 6620133 TI - [Test for antitumor activities of phenothiazines and phenoxazines]. PMID- 6620134 TI - Antihyperlipidemic activity of phthalimide analogues in rodents. AB - Phthalimide analogues have been shown to effectively lower serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in rats and mice. The mode of action of these agents was not to suppress the appetite of animals, but rather to reduce the activities of key enzymes in the early synthesis of liver cholesterol and fatty acids in the triglyceride pathway. Phthalimide analogues were effective in accelerating biliary excretion of cholesterol and blocking its absorption from the gut. After 16 days dosing, it was evident that higher levels of lipids were being excreted than in control mice. The major serum lipoprotein fractions were reduced in cholesterol, triglyceride, and neutral lipid content, but not phospholipid content in rats after 14 days of administration. PMID- 6620135 TI - Structure-activity studies on sulfamate sweetners III: structure-taste relationships for heterosulfamates. AB - Eleven heterosulfamates have been synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for sweetness. Measurements of the molecular dimensions (x, y, z, and V) of these sulfamates and 22 others that had been reported previously and evaluated for sweetness have been made using Corey-Pauling-Koltun space-filling models. The first-order molecular connectivities (1Xv) of all the heterosulfamates have been calculated. The statistical technique of linear discriminant analysis was applied to the complete set of 33 compounds and to a reduced set of 27 compounds. The analysis was performed using the above five variables (x, y, z, V, and 1Xv) and various subsets thereof. For the complete set of compounds, seven variable subsets were identified which yielded correct classifications of 27 and 28 compounds. A similar analysis of the reduced set did not improve the misclassification rate. PMID- 6620136 TI - Percutaneous absorption of flufenamic acid in rabbits: effect of dimethyl sulfoxide and various nonionic surface-active agents. AB - Eight nonionic surface-active agents were each incorporated at a concentration of 10% into a white petrolatum ointment base containing 10% flufenamic acid with or without dimethyl sulfoxide. Percutaneous absorption was studied by determining the plasma concentration of flufenamic acid in New Zealand White rabbits at regular intervals for 8 hr following application of the ointment. The percutaneous absorption of flufenamic acid was significantly increased when sorbitan trioleate, polyoxyl 8 stearate, or polyoxyethylene 2 oleyl ether were added to the ointment containing flufenamic acid and white petrolatum. The percutaneous absorption of flufenamic acid was increased significantly when sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan trioleate, polyoxyl 8 stearate, polyoxyethylene 20 cetyl ether, or polyoxyethylene 2 oleyl ether were added to the ointment containing dimethylsulfoxide, flufenamic acid, and white petrolatum. PMID- 6620137 TI - Steady-state determination of the contribution of lung metabolism to the total body clearance of drugs: application to carbamazepine. AB - A steady-state approach is proposed to examine the contribution that the lung makes to the total body elimination of medium- to high-clearance drugs. Carbamazepine, a potential candidate of pulmonary metabolism, was investigated by infusion into the femoral vein in seven unrestrained Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g). Blood samples (0.45 ml), taken simultaneously from the jugular vein and carotid artery in each rat during the infusion (2-5 days), were assayed in duplicate for carbamazepine by GLC/CI/MS. Venous blood concentrations were used to calculate the total body clearance of carbamazepine, 440 +/- 38 ml/hr (mean +/ SEM), and the difference between simultaneous venous and arterial blood concentrations were used to calculate the extraction ratio of carbamazepine by the lung. The mean extraction ratio of 0.0058 (n = 28) suggests that the lung only contributes approximately 5% to the total body clearance of carbamazepine. It is proposed that this technique could be useful in examining the importance of the lung in the total body clearance of other drugs, and that it has several advantages over some currently used techniques. PMID- 6620138 TI - Chemical aspects of propranolol metabolism: 1,1-diethoxy-3-(1-naphthoxy)-2 propanol and related ring-closure products cis- and trans-4-ethoxy-3-hydroxy-3,4 dihydro-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran. AB - 1,1-Diethoxy-3-(1-naphthoxy)-2-propanol (V), the diethyl acetal of an important aldehyde intermediate in the metabolic N-deal-kylation of propranolol, was prepared from compound X, the product of the reaction of the lithium salt of methyl methylsulfinylmethyl sulfide with 2-(1-naphthoxy)-acetaldehyde. Compound X, as a mixture of three diastereomeric alpha-hydroxydithioacetal derivatives, when treated with ethyl orthoformate afforded the desired acetal V as well as two ring-closure products, the dihydronaphtho[1,2-b]pyrans VI and VII. Compounds VI and VII were characterized on the basis of mass spectral and 1H- and 13C-NMR data. The stereochemistry of these compounds was assigned on the basis of the 300 MHz 1H-NMR spectra of their acetate esters (XI and XII). PMID- 6620139 TI - Solubility and partitioning VI: octanol solubility and octanol-water partition coefficients. AB - A simple equation for the estimation of the aqueous solubility of crystalline solutes was previously derived based on the assumption that the presence of water does not significantly alter the crystal properties of the solute. The data presented verify the solubility equation for a set of 36 nonelectrolytes and weak electrolytes. Using the same set of solutes, the two major assumptions used to derive the equation were also verified: that the octanol solubility of nonelectrolytes is exponentially proportional to the melting point of the solute and that the octanol-water solubility ratio is a good approximation of the octanol-water partition coefficient. PMID- 6620140 TI - Effects of organic anions on the uptake of 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate by isolated liver cells. AB - Uptake of the fluorescent probe, 1-anilino-8-naphthalene-sulfonate (I) into isolated rat liver cells was studied using both fluorescence and filtration methods. The time course of the fluorescence enhancement of I after addition to the isolated liver cells was analyzed in terms of rapid, medium, and slow phases. The slow phase (half-time approximately 7 min) was characteristic of viable cells. The fluorescence enhancement was proportional to the amount of I taken into the cells, as measured by the filtration method. The uptake of I followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with an apparent Km of 39 microM and Vmax of 1.4 nmole/10(6) cells/min. The temperature coefficient (Q10) of the uptake of I was found to be approximately 1.9. No pH optimum was observed, and various metabolic inhibitors did not affect the uptake of I. Among the amino acid reagents used, only 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene decreased the uptake of I (by approximately 45%). The effects of various organic anions on the uptake of I were measured. The inhibition of the uptake of I by sulfobromophthalein could be analyzed in terms of competitive inhibition; the slight inhibition by sodium taurocholate could not. It is concluded that the uptake of I is a carrier-mediated facilitated process, and that the carrier is common to both I and sulfobromophthalein. PMID- 6620141 TI - Thiazides. VIII: Dissolution survey of marketed hydrochlorothiazide tablets. AB - The dissolution profiles of 50-mg hydrochlorothiazide tablets representing all approved manufacturers (at the time of the study) were determined in two vehicles [purified water and dilute (1:100) hydrochloric acid] by three methods (rotating basket at 150 rpm; spin filter at 300 rpm; paddle method at 50 rpm). The paddle method was preferred on the basis of overall ease of operation, reproducibility, and discrimination. The paddle data were validated in both vehicles on the same lots of tablets by a second laboratory. A standard of not less than 80% dissolution in 60 min by the paddle method in water is proposed for hydrochlorothiazide tablets. PMID- 6620142 TI - Evaluation of some Mannich bases derived from substituted acetophenones against P 388 lymphocytic leukemia and on respiration in isolated rat liver mitochondria. AB - Series of 3-dimethylamino-1-aryl-1-propanone hydrobromides (IV) and 3 dimethylamino-2-dimethylaminomethyl-1-aryl-1-propanone dihydrobromides (V) were synthesized. Evaluation of these derivatives against P-388 lymphocytic leukemia growth revealed that two compounds show promise as antineoplastic agents. Compounds of the V series were unstable in phosphate buffer (in contrast to series IV), and when the same nuclear substituent was present in both series of compounds, V was approximately 100 times more active than IV in both the stimulation and inhibition of respiration of mitochondria isolated from rat liver cells. Representatives from both series showed that respiration in mitochondria was affected by changing the pH of the aqueous buffer from 7.4 to 6.9 or 6.4 and by reducing the temperature from 37 degrees to 20 degrees. The compounds showed reactivity toward a biomimetic thiol. PMID- 6620143 TI - Pharmacokinetics of piperacillin and gentamicin following intravenous administration to dogs. AB - Piperacillin sodium was administered intravenously to dogs, alone or in combination with gentamicin, twice a day (approximately 5 hr apart) for 36-37 days. The pharmacokinetics of neither drug changed in the presence of the other; however, the percentage of the gentamicin dose recovered in the urine decreased significantly when coadministered with piperacillin. The data demonstrate that interaction between the two drugs in urine is feasible. PMID- 6620145 TI - Systematic error associated with apparatus 2 of the USP dissolution test III: limitations of calibrators and the USP suitability test. AB - The calibrator tablets now used in the USP suitability test do not reveal common sources of systematic error associated with Apparatus 2. When the apparatus was operated under conditions near or beyond USP tolerances, changes in the results of the USP calibrators were slight, whereas those of several samples of commercial prednisone tablets were significant. Thus, the USP calibrators and requirements do not guarantee suitability of the equipment for general dissolution testing of drug products. PMID- 6620144 TI - Potential tumor- or organ-imaging agents XXIV: chylomicron remnants as carriers for hepatographic agents. AB - This paper describes the possible utility of plasma lipoproteins for the site specific delivery of diagnostic agents. The class of lipoproteins known as chylomicrons was selected for this preliminary study, since they are known to be rapidly metabolized and taken up by the liver. Cholesteryl iopanoate (II), an iodinated analogue of a normal constituent of the hydrophobic core of chylomicrons, was synthesized from cholesterol and iopanoic acid (I) and subsequently radiolabeled with ioidine-125. Whereas intravenous administration of II in physiological saline resulted in the appearance of approximately 31% of the dose in the liver at 0.5 hr, prior incorporation of II into chylomicrons resulted in an almost threefold (87%) increase in the liver accumulation of II in the same time period. A more gradual appearance of II in steroid-secreting tissues was consistent with the association of II with high-density lipoproteins following administration. PMID- 6620146 TI - Radioimmunoassay of the immunomodulator erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) hypoxanthine in human serum and urine. AB - A radioimmunoassay was developed for the measurement in human serum and urine of erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)-hypoxanthine. Antisera were produced in rabbits by immunization with an erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)-hypoxanthine hemisuccinate bovine serum albumin conjugate. The competitive antigen was erythro-9-(2-hydroxy 3-nonyl)-hypoxanthine labeled with carbon-14 on the purine ring. Cross reactivities were measured against three metabolites and the naturally occurring purine bases inosine and hypoxanthine. Sensitivity of the method was 1 ng/ml in serum and 10 ng/ml in urine. Precision at clinical levels was +/- 15% in serum at 2 ng/ml and +/- 3% in urine at 200 ng/ml. PMID- 6620147 TI - Improved procedure for the determination of protein binding by conventional equilibrium dialysis. AB - The binding of drugs to plasma proteins has been studied extensively using a variety of methods, including equilibrium dialysis. Published information on controls used in these studies is frequently inadequate; in other cases, there are deficiencies in the experimental design for the controls. A method is described that eliminates many of the problems associated with artifactual errors in dialysis studies. Multiple replicated controls are performed at the same time as the test, under identical conditions. The controls are used to correct for concentration-dependent binding of drug to the membrane or other equipment. The method was used to determine the binding of sulfadimethoxine to CF-IV-1 alpha globulin at therapeutic concentrations. The level of binding was low (9-13%), but the stringent control technique permitted statistical analysis which showed each mean test value to be significantly different from its corresponding control. Furthermore, there was a linear relationship between the control-corrected percentage binding values and total drug concentration, whereas there was no correlation between total drug concentration and the uncorrected percentage binding values. PMID- 6620148 TI - Stereospecific high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of warfarin in plasma. AB - A stereospecific high-performance liquid chromatographic assay has been developed to determine R(+)- and S(-)-warfarin simultaneously in plasma. The method involved the formation of diastereoisomeric esters, using carbobenzyloxy-L proline, with subsequent separation using silica as the stationary phase. The method permits characterization of the pharmacokinetics of warfarin enantiomers following administration of racemic drug. PMID- 6620149 TI - Stability-indicating assay for chlorthalidone formulation: evaluation of the USP analysis and a high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis. AB - An investigation of the USP assay of chlorthalidone tablets showed that variable degradation of chlorthalidone occurred during assay preparation. The degradation products were isolated and identified. A stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay which separates the degradation products from chlorthalidone was developed and used to examine the present USP preparation. The HPLC assay is suggested as an alternate. PMID- 6620150 TI - Thermochemical investigations of associated solutions: calculation of solute- solvent equilibrium constants from solubility measurements. AB - A simple solution model that has lead to successful predictive equations for the partial molar excess properties of a solute in simple binary solvent mixtures containing only nonspecific interactions is extended to include association between the solute and one of the solvent components. An expression is derived and tested for its ability to describe anthracene solubilities in binary solvent mixtures containing benzene. The best description of the experimental solubilities requires the formation of a 1:1 anthracene-benzene complex, with a molarity-based equilibrium constant of KcAC approximately equal to 0.107 M-1. In comparison, a stoichiometric complexation model which attributes all solubility enhancement to the formation of anthracene-benzene complexes requires a somewhat larger equilibrium constant (KcAC approximately equal to 0.228 M-1) to describe the solubility behavior of anthracene in the benzene-n-heptane system. The results of these calculations illustrate that the determination of solute-solvent equilibrium constants from solubility data depends on the theoretical model used and the manner in which nonspecific interactions are incorporated into the model. PMID- 6620151 TI - Physicochemical and topological correlates of the enzymatic acetyltransfer reaction. AB - The relative potencies of a series of substituted anilines as acetyl acceptors in the enzymatic N-acetylation reaction have been correlated using physiochemical substituent constants (pi, sigma-), molecular connectivity indices (1 chi, 1 chi v), and newly formulated information-theoretic topological indices (IC, SIC). Results indicate a predominant role of the topological steric parameters in determining the rates of the N-acetyltransferase reaction. PMID- 6620152 TI - Pharmacokinetics and anesthetic potency of a thiopental isomer. AB - In developing a high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for thiopental [5 ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)-2-thiobarbituric acid], a thiopental isomer [5-ethyl-5-(1 ethylpropyl)-2-thiobarbituric acid] was found. This isomer occurs (6-7%) in supposedly pure thiopental and in the commercially available thiopental sodium administered to patients for induction of anesthesia. A similar type of isomer also occurs in pentobarbital, the oxybarbiturate analogue of thiopental. Because the disposition and anesthetic potency of the isomer is unknown, its pharmacokinetic properties were determined in humans and its anesthetic potency in mice. In five surgical patients, the terminal elimination half-life, clearance, and volume of distribution at steady state of the isomer were not statistically different from those of thiopental. In mice, the isomer proved to be as effective as thiopental for induction of anesthesia. The LD50 and sleep time at one-half the LD50 did not statistically differ between the two compounds in mice. The close structural similarity of thiopental and the isomer results in similar pharmacokinetic and anesthetic properties. It does not appear critical that the isomer be separated from thiopental in subsequent pharmacological research. PMID- 6620153 TI - Diphenhydramine determination in human plasma by gas-liquid chromatography using nitrogen-phosphorus detection: application to single low-dose pharmacokinetic studies. AB - A highly sensitive method (less than or equal to 1 ng/ml) for single-dose pharmacokinetic studies of diphenhydramine which utilizes GLC with nitrogen phosphorus detection is described. Standard curves, using orphenadrine as the internal standard, were linear for diphenhydramine concentrations from 1.0 to 300 ng/ml. Applicability of the method was demonstrated by a pharmacokinetic study in a normal volunteer who received 25 mg iv of diphenhydramine. PMID- 6620154 TI - Cardiac inhibitory action of constituents of the marine green alga Ulva pertusa. AB - As part of a search for substances from marine organisms, which exhibit inotropic effects, the chemical constituents of the marine green alga, Ulva pertusa were investigated. The fractionated extract was tested for inotropic effects on the isolated guinea pig atria. The aqueous layer obtained from the acetone extract of fresh algae was concentrated, and the residue was extracted with methanol. The methanolic extract was fractionated by chromatography using mixtures of aqueous methanol. Elution with 50% aqueous methanol afforded material that had a significant negative inotropic effect. Further purification of this material by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using methanol-water (2:5) afforded crystalline adenosine, which was shown to be the active substance of U. pertusa, causing a negative inotropic action. PMID- 6620155 TI - Degradation of fenprostalene in aqueous solution. AB - The degradation of the prostaglandin fenprostalene (III) was studied in aqueous solution. The reaction was both specific acid and base catalyzed. The only reaction found to occur was hydrolysis of the methyl ester at C-1. Activation energies for the acid- and base-catalyzed reactions were determined and are nearly identical to that for the hydrolysis of ethyl acetate, a model ester. A competing acid-catalyzed reaction of the C-1 free acid of III was found to be approximately 10 times slower than the hydrolysis of III. PMID- 6620156 TI - Determination of hydrazine in pharmaceuticals III: hydralazine and isoniazid using GLC. AB - A GLC procedure has been developed for the determination of hydrazine in hydralazine and isoniazid drug raw materials, single and multicomponent tablets, injectables, and syrups. The method is based on the derivatization of hydrazine with benzaldehyde to form benzalazine. The minimum detectable amount of hydrazine in hydralazine and isoniazid raw materials and formulations is approximately 0.0003%. No hydrazine was found in the hydralazine raw material specimens examined. Traces of hydrazine (approximately 0.0003%) were found in some tablet lots and approximately 0.02% was found in an injectable product. A trace of hydrazine was found in one lot of isoniazid raw material and low levels (0.0012 and 0.0029%) were found in isoniazid tablet products. An isoniazid syrup contained approximately 0.2% hydrazine. PMID- 6620157 TI - Theophylline blood-brain barrier transfer kinetics in dogs. AB - A simple diffusion-based pharmacokinetic model is proposed relating blood-brain barrier transfer kinetics of theophylline to the difference in the free concentrations of the drug in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The model predicts that the CSF drug level is proportional to the serum drug level convoluted by exp(-kt), where k is the blood-brain barrier diffusion rate constant. An excellent agreement was found by nonlinear regression analysis between serum and CSF theophylline data in eight dogs and the proposed model for the blood-brain barrier transfer kinetics of theophylline. The ratio of the free fractions of theophylline in serum and CSF predicted from the model also agrees with the value determined experimentally. PMID- 6620158 TI - Allergenic properties of naturally occurring cannabinoids. AB - The guinea pig maximization test was used to determine the potential of seven cannabinoids to produce allergic contact dermatitis. delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinol were found to be extreme (Grade V) sensitizers. Cannabidiol, delta 8-tetrahydrocannabinol, and cannabichromene were moderate (Grade III) sensitizers. Cannabigerol and cannabinol methyl ether were not sensitizers. Most of the cannabinoids were found to be allergenically cross-reactive. Additionally, it was shown that the presence of a free 1'-hydroxyl group was required for sensitization, but not to elicit a response in sensitive animals. PMID- 6620159 TI - Analysis of doxylamine in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay for the quantitative determination of doxylamine in plasma is described. The drug levels of doxylamine in plasma were monitored after the oral administration of a single 25-mg tablet of doxylamine succinate to each of 20 male volunteers. The compound was extracted from the plasma samples, concentrated under a nitrogen stream, and analyzed by HPLC using normal-phase chromatography with detection at 254 nm. The detection limit is approximately 5 ng/ml. PMID- 6620160 TI - Hydrazine levels in formulations of hydralazine, isoniazid, and phenelzine over a 2-year period. AB - Hydrazine levels in formulations of hydralazine, isoniazid, and phenelzine have been measured over a 2-year period under ambient conditions and under temperature and humidity stress. Hydralazine tablets are stable under ambient conditions, but the hydrazine level in an injectable formulation increased from 4.5 to 10 micrograms/ml over a 23-month period. Isoniazid tablets are also stable, but hydrazine levels in an elixir and a pyridoxine combination product doubled to 44 micrograms/ml and 19 micrograms/tablet, respectively. Levels in phenelzine tablets appeared to remain constant at approximately 60 micrograms/tablet, with considerable tablet-to-tablet variation. PMID- 6620162 TI - Rebound phenomenon observed during the compaction of samples in the Fisher subsieve sizer for measuring specific surface area of griseofulvin. PMID- 6620161 TI - Organ perfusion studies. PMID- 6620164 TI - Simplified method for intravenous dosing and serial blood sampling of unanesthetized guinea pigs. PMID- 6620163 TI - Physiochemical interpretation of pH-stat titration of amorphous aluminum hydroxycarbonate. PMID- 6620165 TI - An automated sampling device for dissolution testing. PMID- 6620166 TI - Computation of model-independent pharmacokinetic parameters during multiple dosing. PMID- 6620167 TI - Test for selection of erythromycin stearate bulk drug for tablet preparation. PMID- 6620168 TI - Enkephalin action on the mesolimbic system: a dopamine-dependent and a dopamine independent increase in locomotor activity. AB - Enkephalin has been identified by immunohistochemistry to be present in the vicinity of mesolimbic dopaminergic perikarya in the ventral tegmental area and axonal terminals in the nucleus accumbens. To evaluate the possibility that endogenous enkephalin may physiologically modulate the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system, the effect of microinjection of the peptidase-resistant enkephalin analog, D-Ala2-Met5-enkephalinamide (DALA), in the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens was examined. Locomotion and rearing behavior and alteration in concentration of DA and its metabolites in mesolimbic terminal areas were used to evaluate mesolimbic dopaminergic function. Microinjection of DALA into the ventral tegmental area produced a dose-dependent increase in locomotion and rearing which was antagonized by neuroleptic administration in the nucleus accumbens. Inasmuch as DALA administration into the ventral tegmentum was additive with a subthreshold dose of DA injected into the nucleus accumbens and produced a dose-related increase in 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and the 3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid/DA ratio, these data are consistent with the postulate that this treatment with DALA activates the mesolimbic DA system. DALA microinjection into the nucleus accumbens also produced a dose-dependent increase in locomotion and rearing. However, this behavioral effect was shown to be independent of the mesolimbic DA system because neither neuroleptic injection into the nucleus accumbens nor destruction of the mesolimbic DA system with 6 hydroxydopamine blocked the behavioral response produced by this treatment. Furthermore, DALA injection into the nucleus accumbens did not alter nucleus accumbens levels of DA or its metabolites at 15, 30 or 60 min after injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6620169 TI - Cardiovascular responses to leukotriene C4 in the rat. AB - Bolus injections of leukotriene C4, (LTC4; 0.1 to 10 micrograms/kg) were administered to anesthetized closed-chest rats i.v., before and min after administration of indomethacin (2 mg/kg). Systemic arterial pressure (SAP) and pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) were monitored continuously. LTC4 produced dose dependent changes in SAP and PAP. The characteristic SAP response to LTC4 (4 micrograms/kg) consisted of an initial transient rise (16 mm Hg), followed by a sustained decrease (18 mm Hg). LTC4 produced only a decrease in PAP (4 mm Hg). Cardiac output (CO) and heart rate (HR) were measured in the control period and during the maximum increase and decrease in SAP. Decreases in CO (32 ml/min) and HR (15 beats/min) occurred during the initial rise in SAP and further declined (36 ml/min and 21 beats/min, respectively) during the systemic hypotensive phase. Total peripheral resistance markedly increased during the transient rise in SAP (67%). Indomethacin potentiated the transient rise in SAP and attenuated systemic and pulmonary hypotensive responses induced by LTC4. Decreases in CO and HR induced by LTC4 were also attenuated by indomethacin, but total peripheral resistance was not significantly altered. These observations describe a characteristic hemodynamic response to LTC4 in the rat that reflects the composite actions of LTC4 as well as those of prostanoate compounds that may be synthesized and released after LTC4 administration. PMID- 6620170 TI - Effects of beta-naphthoflavone administration to pregnant rats on steroid hormone biosynthesis and metabolism in ovarian microsomes. AB - Administration of low doses of beta-naphthoflavone (beta-NF) to pregnant rats on days 7 to 14 of gestation has been associated with extensive fetal mortality. Studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of beta-NF administration on several extrahepatic cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes responsible for steroid biosynthesis in the ovary. Pregnant rats received beta-NF (15 mg/kg) for 2-, 4- or 6-day periods before study on day 15 of gestation. At this stage of pregnancy no adverse effects on maternal weight gain, percent resorptions or fetal body weight were observed after beta-NF treatment. Cytochrome P-450 content of ovarian microsomes was not altered by beta-NF treatment. Estrogen biosynthesis in ovarian microsomes (aromatase activity), assayed as conversion of [14C]testosterone to 17 beta-estradiol, was increased nearly 2-fold in the beta-NF-treated dams. Incubation of ovarian microsomes with [14C]progesterone yielded 20 alpha-hydroxy progesterone and an unidentified compound as major products. There was no evidence of cytochrome P-450-dependent conversion of progesterone to androgens at this stage in pregnancy. In contrast to the effects of beta-NF on aromatase activity, progesterone catabolism was unaltered after administration of beta-NF for a 4-day period. The absence of a change in 20 alpha-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase activity suggests that corpus luteum function is unaltered after beta-NF exposure. These data indicate that beta-NF administration during midgestation is associated with a selective alteration in in vitro ovarian steroidogenesis and further suggest a mechanism for beta-NF related in utero toxicity. PMID- 6620171 TI - Effect of probenecid on the dose-response relationship of bumetanide at steady state. AB - The present investigation was undertaken to clarify the determinants of the pharmacologic responses to bumetanide. The urinary excretion rate, plasma concentration and natriuretic and diuretic effects of bumetanide were evaluated under steady-state conditions in four mongrel dogs, before (Treatment I) and after (Treatment II) probenecid administration. To avoid fluid and electrolyte imbalance, urinary losses were replaced i.v. by equal volumes of lactated Ringer's solution over the time interval of the subsequent collection period. Probenecid administration caused a dramatic reduction in the renal clearance of bumetanide (5.05 +/- 1.11 for Treatment I vs. 0.716 +/- 0.285 ml/min . kg for Treatment II; P less than .002), resulting in significantly higher plasma concentrations (3-fold) and significantly lower urinary excretion rates (2.5 fold) of the diuretic. This was accompanied by concomitant reductions in bumetanide-induced diuresis and natriuresis. The results from this study demonstrate that adequate luminal levels of bumetanide are required for the pharmacodynamics of the drug. PMID- 6620172 TI - Dissociation of renal organic anion transport from renal lipid metabolism. I. Endogenous nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) as determinants of transport. AB - The objective of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) are endogenous inhibitors of renal organic anion transport and that changes in renal NEFA content could modulate renal organic anion transport capacity. The addition of 1 mM palmitate to a suspension of renal tubules produced a tissue NEFA content of 665 +/- 105 micrograms/g and a 40% decrease in the tissue-to-medium concentration ratio for p-aminohippurate. Penicillin pretreatment enhanced p-aminohippurate tissue-to-medium concentration ratio in a neonatal rabbit proximal tubule suspension but failed to alter renal NEFA content from a control of 46.4 +/- 2.6 micrograms/g. Penicillin treatment did, however, decrease renal triglyceride content and increased serum NEFA from 87.7 +/- 3.4 to 129 +/- 6.8 micrograms/ml. Fasting increased serum triglyceride and increased serum NEFA from 33.9 +/- 3.1 to 370 +/- 200 micrograms/ml. Fasting decreased p aminohippurate transport capacity 42% from a control tissue-to-medium concentration ratio of 6.78 +/- 1.2 but did not alter renal NEFA from a control value of 65 +/- 15 micrograms/g. The data support the suggestion that penicillin treatment can alter lipid metabolism in vivo but fail to support the suggestion that altered renal organic anion transport is due to altered renal NEFA content and further suggest that NEFA can alter renal organic anion transport only at a supraphysiological concentration. PMID- 6620173 TI - Narcotic effects on hepatic disposition of sulfobromophthalein in rats. AB - Ascending morphine doses above 5 mg/kg s.c. progressively reduced plasma clearance of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and raised hepatic levels of this dye in rats. The narcotic reduced the elimination constant of BSP without affecting its volume of distribution. Because abdominal surgery markedly reduced plasma clearance of BSP, no further effect of morphine could be shown in rats with bile cannulas. In duct-cannulated animals morphine had no effect on BSP concentration in bile, but did raise hepatic BSP levels while reducing bile flow and biliary BSP content. The narcotic also lowered the biliary transport maximum of BSP. The effects on BSP disposition were demonstrated acutely after morphine administration but had subsided completely by 1 and 2 days after giving narcotic. The present findings suggest that morphine impaired the secretion of BSP into bile by a mechanism not involving biliary occlusion and thereby enhanced retention of this dye in liver and plasma. PMID- 6620174 TI - Effects of nephrectomy on the pharmacokinetics of various cloned human interferons in the rat. AB - The pharmacokinetics of two human leukocyte interferon (IFN) subtypes (IFN-alpha A and IFN-alpha D) and two molecular hybrids [IFN-alpha AD(Bgl) and IFN-alpha AD(Pvu)] was studied in rats receiving single i.v. injections, 5.0 X 10(6) I.U./kg, of these materials. All four preparations were highly purified and resulted in plasma decay curves with similar elimination half-lives of 95.3 +/- 13.5 min. The four IFN-alpha subtypes investigated showed differences when their clearances are compared, suggesting that the 13 residue differences between amino acids 92 and 165 affect the clearance. The fact that only IFN-alpha D has an apparent volume of distribution (Vd beta) of 12.9 +/- 3.4 liters/kg whereas the other three IFN-alpha subtypes have Vd beta of 5.7 +/- 1.0 liters/kg suggests that the amino acid differences between residues 1 and 61 affect the Vd beta. Only in the case of IFN-alpha D did functional nephrectomy significantly (P = .02) increase the apparent volume of distribution at steady state. Functional nephrectomy before i.v. injection resulted in a 4-fold decrease in IFN-alpha AD(Bgl) and IFN-alpha AD(Pvu) clearance, an 8-fold decrease in IFN-alpha A clearance and a 10-fold decrease in IFN-alpha D clearance. The elimination half life of each interferon was unchanged after nephrectomy. Intramuscular administration of the IFN-alpha subtypes in rats produced low plasma concentrations. IFN-alpha D peaks at 39 +/- 10 I.U./ml of plasma, whereas IFN alpha A reaches 201 +/- 53 I.U./ml, IFN-alpha AD(Bgl) reaches 396 +/- 47 I.U./ml and IFN-alpha AD(Pvu) results in a maximum plasma concentration of 747 +/- 66 I.U./ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6620176 TI - A simplified open photoacoustic cell and its applications. PMID- 6620175 TI - Pharmacodynamics of the diuretic effects of aminophylline and acetazolamide alone and combined with furosemide in normal subjects. AB - The current study was performed in normal subjects to assess the mechanism of the natriuretic effects of aminophylline, to confirm the effect of acetazolamide on the proximal tubule and to assess the pharmacodynamics of the combination of aminophylline and of acetazolamide with furosemide. None of these agents or their combination affected renal hemodynamics. Aminophylline inhibited solute reabsorption at the diluting segment manifested by a 15% decrease in free water clearance relative to solute delivery (P less than .001). In addition, it decreased solute reabsorption in the proximal nephron. Acetazolamide affected only the proximal tubule. The combination of either aminophylline or of acetazolamide with furosemide was little different from furosemide alone. Analysis of dose-response curves to furosemide revealed a minor additive, i.e., parallel upward shift, of the dose-response curves with both combinations. PMID- 6620177 TI - Timing of corticofugal actions on the gracile and cuneate nuclei of the cat. AB - A comparison is presented of the latencies of corticofugal effects from the contralateral somatosensory cortex (SI) onto the cat's dorsal column nuclei (d.c.n.) under pentobarbitone anaesthesia. The latencies for transmission in the ascending pathway from d.c.n. to SI after stimulation within the gracile and cuneate nuclei were found to be 3.3 ms for the former and 2.8 ms for the latter. The time courses of inhibition of a medial lemniscal mass response following cortical conditioning and evoked by stimulation of peripheral nerves were measured. All latencies were corrected to exclude the different times taken for stimuli to reach the nuclei from the two limbs. The optimal condition-test interval was 12 ms with a duration of 14.3 ms for the superficial radial nerve (s.r.n.) and 45 ms and 30 ms respectively for the medial plantar nerve (m.p.n.). In each case cortical conditioning inhibited the wave by about 50%. The effect of cortical conditioning upon spontaneously firing d.c.n. single units was investigated. For cuneate cells the mean latency was 6.8 ms and the mean duration 36.8 ms. For gracile cells the latency of onset of inhibition was 17.2 ms and its duration 129 ms. In 75% of cells mixed effects were seen with facilitation preceding inhibition. The latencies of 'corticofugal reflex' action on the gracile and cuneate nuclei after stimulation of the s.r.n. and m.p.n. were determined. The gracile response had a latency approximately 4 times that for the cuneate response. The temporal asymmetry of these corticofugal effects suggests that the pathway is not purely a simple feed-back loop, but may be concerned in other physiological contexts, some of which are discussed. PMID- 6620178 TI - Time course of release of catecholamine and other granular contents from perifused adrenal chromaffin cells of guinea-pig. AB - Experiments were carried out to investigate the time course of the release of catecholamine, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and adenine nucleotides from isolated chromaffin cells of guinea-pig adrenal gland. When the isolated chromaffin cells were incubated with medium containing acetylcholine (ACh) (0.1 mM), veratridine (0.1 mM) or scorpion (Leiurus quinquestriatus) venom, (10 micrograms/ml.), catecholamine was released into the medium. Catecholamine secretion induced by veratridine or scorpion venom was inhibited by tetrodotoxin (1 microM) but not by atropine (0.1 mM) plus hexamethonium (0.1 mM). On the other hand, the secretory response to ACh was abolished by the cholinergic blocking drugs but not by tetrodotoxin. DBH was released together with catecholamine into the medium in which cells were suspended with these drugs. The ratio of catecholamine (n-mole) to DBH activity (n-mole/hr) appearing in the supernatant was 7.08 +/- 0.55, 6.60 +/- 0.27 and 8.91 +/- 0.47 for ACh, veratridine and scorpion venom, respectively. These values were close to that found in the lysate of chromaffin granules obtained from guinea-pig adrenal glands (7.37 +/- 0.39). The application of ACh or veratridine to perifused chromaffin cells was found to cause a parallel increase in catecholamine and DBH secretion in the perifusion medium without corresponding amounts of phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase leakage. However, DBH secretion tended to last for a longer period than catecholamine secretion. Adenine nucleotides were released from perifused chromaffin cells together with catecholamine, by ACh and veratridine. ATP added to the perifusion medium was metabolized to ADP and AMP, of which the ratio (ATP, 21.6%; ADP, 34%; AMP, 17.9%) was close to those of adenine nucleotides released from the cells. The secretion of adenine nucleotides induced by both secretagogues ceased much faster than the catecholamine secretion, so that molar ratio of catecholamine to adenine nucleotides was gradually increased during and after stimulation. The results indicate that catecholamine secretion is accompanied with a simultaneous release of DBH and ATP from adrenal chromaffin cells. Therefore, it is suggested that the delayed output of DBH, unlike catecholamine secretion, in perfused adrenal glands results from the presence of a diffusion barrier for this protein. The releasable secretory granules of isolated chromaffin cells are suggested to be heterogeneous with respect to the ratio of catecholamine to ATP. PMID- 6620179 TI - An intracellular characterization of neurones and neural connexions within the left coeliac ganglion of cats. AB - Intracellular recordings were made in vitro from neurones located within the left coeliac ganglion of the cat solar plexus. Thirty percent of the neurones within left coeliac ganglia were identified as efferent neurones. Within this neuronal population, splenic-efferent and renal-efferent neurones were identified specifically. Neurones within left coeliac ganglia were characterized as either phasic (fast adapting) neurones or tonic (slowly adapting) neurones depending upon their prolonged firing behaviour. Electrophysiological properties of neurones varied considerably. The wide range of values obtained for both input resistance and input capacitance suggest that sizeable differences in either specific membrane resistance or cell geometry exist within the over-all neurone population. Frequency distributions of input resistance, time constant, input capacitance and current threshold for tonic and phasic neurones were found to be significantly different. Compound excitatory post-synaptic potentials were produced by stimulation of the ipsilateral splanchnic nerves in 69% of the neurones tested and in 3% of the neurones tested upon stimulation of the contralateral splanchnic nerves. Electrical stimulation of nerve fibres located in the coeliac plexus, the superior mesenteric plexus or the left renal nerves generated excitatory synaptic potentials in neurones located within left coeliac ganglia. It is concluded that neurones within the left coeliac ganglion are innervated by splanchnic nerve fibres primarily contained within the left splanchnic nerves, receive excitatory synaptic input from splenic, renal and other peripheral preganglionic fibres and have extremely varied electrophysiological properties. PMID- 6620180 TI - Asymmetrical charge movement in slow- and fast-twitch mammalian muscle fibres in normal and paraplegic rats. AB - Asymmetrical charge movements (Q) were recorded from the voltage-clamped ends of muscle fibres in extensor digitorum longus (e.d.l.) and soleus muscles from rats. Tetracaine (2 mM) was added to solutions to prevent contraction. In both muscles the relationship between Q and membrane potential (V) was S-shaped and could be described by the Boltzmann-type equation Q = Qm/(1 + exp[-(v - V)/k]) where Qm was the maximum charge, V the membrane potential at which Q = Qm/2, and k a 'slope factor'. On average, Qm was 5-6 times greater in e.d..l. than in soleus fibres and charge movement occurred at more negative potentials in soleus than in e.d.l. fibres, V being -36.7 mV in the former and -19.0 mV in the latter, a difference of about 18 mV. The threshold for contraction, determined using a two electrode voltage clamp, was more negative in soleus than in e.d.l. fibres. For 500 ms depolarizations, the difference was 12 mV. The relationship between tension and membrane potential during potassium contractures was S-shaped and, when fitted by the Boltzmann-type equation, gave V values of -25 mV for soleus and -14 mV for e.d.l. fibres. In paraplegic rats, the threshold for contraction in soleus fibres shifted about 12 mV to more positive potentials, but there was no change in e.d.l. fibres so that there was no significant difference between the two muscles. In paraplegic rats the relationship between tension and membrane potential during potassium contractures also shifted to more positive potentials in soleus fibres, whereas there was no change in e.d.l. fibres. These changes in the voltage sensitivity of contractile activation in soleus fibres from paraplegic rats were associated with a parallel shift in the voltage sensitivity of charge movement so that the average V shifted from -36.7 mV in normal rats to a value of -14.2 mV in paraplegic rats. There was also a four-fold increase in Qm in soleus fibres from paraplegic rats. The difference between the voltage sensitivity of contractile activation and charge movement in e.d.l. and soleus fibres in normal rats supports the hypothesis that the two are closely related: even stronger support comes from the observation of the parallel shift in the voltage sensitivity of contractile activation and charge movement in soleus fibres in paraplegic rats. PMID- 6620181 TI - Spatio-temporal interactions in cat retinal ganglion cells showing linear spatial summation. AB - The spatio-temporal characteristics of cat retinal ganglion cells showing linear summation have been studied by measuring both magnitude and phase of the responses of these cells to drifting or sinusoidally contrast-modulated sinusoidal grating patterns. It has been demonstrated not only that X cells behave approximately linearly when responding with amplitudes of less than about 10 impulses/sec to stimuli of low contrast but also that cells of another type with larger receptive field centres (Q cells) behave approximately linearly under the same conditions. These Q cells appear to form a homogeneous group which is probably a subset of the tonic W cells (Stone & Fukuda, 1974) or sluggish centre surround cells (Cleland & Levick, 1974). The over-all spatio-temporal frequency characteristics of cells showing linear spatial summation are not separable in space and time. The form of the spatial frequency responsivity function of these cells depends upon the temporal frequency at which it is measured while the temporal phase of their resonse measured at any constant temporal frequency depends upon the spatial frequency of the stimulus. The behaviour of X and Q cells is quite well explained by an extension of the model in which signals from centre and surround mechanisms with radially Gaussian weighting functions are summed to provide the drive to the retinal ganglion cell. While the general form of the temporal frequency response characteristics of these ganglion cells are probably provided by the characteristics of elements common to the centre and surround pathways, the spatio-temporal interactions can be explained by assuming that the surround signal is delayed relative to the centre signal by a few milliseconds. PMID- 6620182 TI - The structural correlate of the receptive field centre of alpha ganglion cells in the cat retina. AB - The correlation between the receptive field centre and the dendritic tree of individual brisk transient, or alpha, ganglion cells in the cat retina was investigated by a combination of physiological and anatomical techniques. The sizes of receptive field centres of brisk transient (Y) cells were measured with a flickering spot of light. Contour maps and response (or sensitivity) profiles were measured at mesopic and scotopic backgrounds. Recording positions on the retina and nearby blood vessels were back-projected onto the receptive field plots on the tangent screen. After recording, whole amount preparations of the retinae were stained by a reduced silver method to stain all alpha cells together with their dendritic trees. By comparing the landmarks on the screen plot with those of the whole mount it was possible to identify the recorded cells in the preparation and to study their morphology. The dendritic tree of an alpha cell determines the position, size and shape of its receptive field centre. The mesopic receptive field centres were found to be a factor of 1.4 +/- 0.13 larger than their respective dendritic fields. It is suggested that the dendritic fields of presynaptic neurones (bipolar and amacrine cell processes) add to the ganglion cell dendritic tree to produce the larger centre summating area. PMID- 6620183 TI - Effects of extracellular sodium on calcium efflux and membrane current in single muscle cells from the barnacle. AB - The actions of extracellular sodium (Nao) on membrane potential, membrane current, membrane conductance and Ca efflux were examined in single muscle cells from the giant barnacle, Balanus nubilus. The intracellular compartment was perfused to facilitate the control of intracellular constituents including calcium ions (Ca2i+). Changing Nao has no large effect on Ca efflux when free intracellular calcium activity, [Ca2+]i, is low (about 0.1 microM). However, increasing [Ca2+]i leads to the development of Nao-dependent Ca efflux as well as to an augmentation in Nao-independent Ca efflux. Reducing Nao (using Li+ as a substitute cation) leads to a depolarization of the membrane when [Ca2+]i is low (about 0.1 microM). Increasing [Ca2+]i causes the membrane to depolarize. With [Ca2+]i at about 10.0 microM, reduction of Nao produces a hyperpolarization of the membrane. Significant Nao-dependent inward current is seen when [Ca2+]i is high. This current is large with respect to the Nao-dependent changes in Ca efflux (about 1 microA per p-mole/sec). The Ca2i+-activated, Nao-dependent changes in Ca efflux and membrane current are not sensitive to La3o+. However, Lao3+ does inhibit a fraction of the Cai2+-activated changes in membrane current and Ca efflux which are not dependent on Nao. Over a limited range of membrane potential Ca efflux is not voltage-dependent. Possible relationships between the Nao-dependent changes in Ca efflux and Nao-dependent changes in membrane potential or current are discussed. We find that these changes cannot be readily interpreted in terms of a single transport mechanism. PMID- 6620184 TI - Effects of capsaicin applied perineurally to the vagus nerve on cardiovascular and respiratory functions in the cat. AB - The effects of capsaicin applied perineurally to the cervical vagus nerves have been studied on cardiovascular and respiratory functions in urethane anaesthetized cats. Application of capsaicin resulted in a moderate but significant decrease in the mean arterial blood pressure and in changes of the heart rate whose direction and magnitude depended on the initial cardiac frequency. Subsequent to these alterations, which may be attributed to a direct stimulation by capsaicin of vagal afferents, a transient block of impulse propagation was observed. Three to five days after pre-treatment of the cervical vagus nerves with capsaicin, phenyldiguanidine and veratrine given intravenously invariably evoked bradycardia, hypotension and apnoea, while the reflex responses to intravenous injection of capsaicin and some of its pungent congeners were greatly reduced or even abolished. It is suggested that vagal afferent fibres mediating cardiovascular and respiratory chemo-reflexes are separated into chemo specifically different populations. Perineural application of capsaicin may be a useful tool for elucidating the role of different populations of peptide containing vagal afferent fibres in the regulation of cardiovascular and respiratory functions. PMID- 6620185 TI - Relation between shapes of post-synaptic potentials and changes in firing probability of cat motoneurones. AB - 1. The shapes of post-synaptic potentials (p.s.p.s) in cat motoneurones were compared with the time course of changes in firing probability during repetitive firing. Excitatory and inhibitory post-synaptic potentials (e.p.s.p.s and i.p.s.p.s) were evoked by electrical stimulation of peripheral nerve filaments. With the motoneurone quiescent, the shape of each p.s.p. was obtained by compiling post-stimulus averages of the membrane potential. Depolarizing current was then injected to evoke repetitive firing, and the post-stimulus time histogram of motoneurone spikes was obtained; this histogram reveals the primary features (peak and/or trough) of the cross-correlogram between stimulus and spike trains. The time course of the correlogram features produced by each p.s.p. was compared with the p.s.p. shape and its temporal derivative.2. E.p.s.p.s of different sizes (0.15-3.1 mV, mean 0.75 mV) and shapes were investigated. The primary correlogram peak began, on the average, 0.48 msec after onset of the e.p.s.p., and reached a maximum 0.29 msec before the summit of the e.p.s.p; in many cases the correlogram peak was followed by a trough, in which firing rate fell below base-line rate. The height of the correlogram peak with respect to base-line firing rate increased in proportion to both the amplitude of the e.p.s.p.s and the magnitude of their rising slope (in these data, amplitude and rising slope also covaried).3. The mean half-width of the correlogram peaks (0.65+/-0.28 msec (S.D.)) agreed better with the average half-width of the e.p.s.p. derivatives (0.55+/-0.33 msec) than with the half-width of the e.p.s.p.s (4.31+/-1.50 msec). The shape of the primary correlogram peak produced by simple e.p.s.p.s often resembled the temporal derivative of the e.p.s.p. rise. For larger e.p.s.p.s, the shape of the correlogram peak closely matched the e.p.s.p. derivative, while smaller e.p.s.p.s in appreciable synaptic noise often generated correlogram peaks somewhat wider than their derivatives. On the other hand, the match between the correlogram trough that followed the peak and the negative slope of the e.p.s.p. was better for the small e.p.s.p.s than for the large e.p.s.p.s; for large e.p.s.p.s the drop in firing rate during the trough was typically limited at zero. These relations were tested further by comparing the integral of the correlogram with the time course of the e.p.s.p. For large e.p.s.p.s, the correlogram integral matched the rising phase of the e.p.s.p. quite well, although it underestimated the rate of decline of the e.p.s.p.4. Complex e.p.s.p.s with distinct components during their rising phase often produced correlogram peaks that did not accurately reflect the features in their temporal derivative. Temporal summation of large e.p.s.p.s and summation of their derivatives was linear, but the resulting correlogram peaks did not add linearly; the second correlogram peak was often smaller than the first. However, when small e.p.s.p.s were summed, the correlogram peaks more closely matched the e.p.s.p. derivatives.5. Compound i.p.s.p.s produced primary correlogram troughs followed by a shallow compensatory peak. The width of the trough extended through the peak of the i.p.s.p., well into the falling phase of the i.p.s.p. During the trough the firing rate usually dropped to zero. Thus, the primary correlogram features produced by large i.p.s.p.s did not resemble any linear combination of the shape of the i.p.s.p. and/or its temporal derivative. Moreover, the integral of the correlogram did not resemble the i.p.s.p.6. The major observations are consistent with a motoneurone model in which a membrane potential ramp approaches a voltage threshold for spike initiation. Near threshold, e.p.s.p.s superimposed on the ramp advance the occurrence of spikes to their rising phase, producing a correlogram peak resembling their temporal derivative. Synaptic noise would increase the probability of sampling the peak of the e.p.s.p., leading to wider correlogram peaks. I.p.s.p.s would delay the occurrence of spikes to their falling phase. PMID- 6620186 TI - Modification by diet and environmental temperature of enterocyte function in piglet intestine. AB - Intestinal morphology, enterocyte life span and alanine transport have been studied in the small intestine of piglets fed different amounts of food at high and low environmental temperatures. Villus height and crypt depth were both greater in pigs maintained on a high energy intake. Environmental temperature produced negligible effects on intestinal structure. Enterocyte life span increased from 45 h in pigs kept at 35 degrees C to about 70 h in animals living at 10 degrees C. A low energy intake prolonged enterocyte life span at an environmental temperature of 10 degrees C. The Na-dependent fraction of alanine uptake, judged by analysis of autoradiographs and by measurement of alanine dependent short-circuit current, was greater in intestines taken from pigs maintained on a restricted diet. This effect, which appeared to be due to changes in the number of carriers (Jm) rather than the apparent affinity of the carrier for the amino acid (Km) was most noticeable using intestines taken from pigs kept at 10 degrees C. The Na-independent fraction of alanine uptake remained unchanged either by alterations in diet or in the environmental temperature at which pigs were kept. Restricting the diet of pigs at low environmental temperature leads to a relative increase in the capacity of the intestine to absorb alanine through an Na-dependent process. This increase appears to be caused by an extension of enterocyte life span rather than by any change in the time of onset or rate of expression of carrier function in a single enterocyte. PMID- 6620187 TI - Cyclic changes of plasma pancreatic polypeptide and pancreatic secretion in fasting dogs. AB - Fasting conscious dogs, each with a gastric fistula, Heidenhain pouch and Thomas duodenal fistula, were used. Basal pancreatic secretion showed periodic increases in phase with the periodic contraction of the stomach and duodenum. Periodic increases of plasma pancreatic polypeptide (PP), but not of gastrin, were observed in phase with the periodic contraction and secretion of the gut. Ganglion blockade abolished the cyclical activity, both secretory and motor, of the gut and of plasma PP. Intraduodenal infusion of lidocaine suppressed the spontaneous increase of pancreatic secretion and plasma PP. It is concluded both that the cyclical release of PP and the increase in pancreatic secretion are under the control of the intrinsic nerves of the duodenum. PMID- 6620188 TI - The effect of naloxone on vasopressin release from rat neurohypophysis incubated in vitro. AB - Rat posterior pituitaries were superfused in vitro and stimulated electrically. The concentrations of vasopressin in the superfusion medium were determined by radioimmunoassay. When the pulses were applied in 10 sec trains with 10 sec intervals, vasopressin release per pulse increased progressively over the frequency range of 3-12 pulses/sec applied within the trains. The release was blocked by addition of tetrodotoxin or by removal of calcium ions from the superfusion medium. The opiate antagonist naloxone 1 or 10 microM was introduced into the superfusion medium before a second period of stimulation and enhanced vasopressin release from neurointermediate lobes after phasic stimulation at 9 pulses/sec within the trains, when compared to controls. However, naloxone 10 microM had not effect on vasopressin release from isolated neural lobes (intermediate lobes removed), although the addition of camel beta-endorphin 2 microM inhibited vasopressin release in a naloxone-reversible manner. After continuous stimulation at a frequency of 13 Hz naloxone 10 microM did not influence the release of vasopressin from neurointermediate lobes. We conclude that the evoked release of vasopressin from the neurointermediate lobe is reduced by an endogenous opiate of intermediate lobe origin, possibly beta-endorphin. Appropriate stimulation conditions are necessary for this mechanism to function. PMID- 6620189 TI - The effect of intravenous adrenaline and noradrenaline infusion of peripheral lymph flow in the sheep. AB - Pressure fluctuations and lymph flow were measured in popliteal, prefemoral and mesenteric efferent lymphatic vessels in conscious sheep. Intravenous adrenaline infusion increased frequency of lymphatic contraction and lymph flow in all three vessels. In the case of the prefemoral vessels flow remained high after the infusion had stopped. Intravenous noradrenaline infusion also increased frequency of contraction and lymph flow in all three vessels but prefemoral flow was depressed after the infusion had stopped. Lymphatic frequency of contraction and lymph flow increased when the animals were started. Anaesthetizing the animals with pentobarbitone did not abolish lymphatic contractions, nor did it prevent the response to adrenaline and noradrenaline infusion. The most obvious interpretation of these results is that adrenaline and noradrenaline act by increasing frequency and force of pumping of lymphatic vessels. PMID- 6620190 TI - Sodium and potassium transport in ferret red cells. AB - Potassium movements into ferret red cells were measured with the tracer 86Rb. Equilibration of 86Rb between medium and cells could be resolved into two components. 70-90% occurred rapidly with a rate constant of between 3.5-5.5 h-1. The remaining 10-30% occurred slowly. The slow movement was equivalent to a potassium influx of about 1.2-2.76 mmol l-1 cell h-1. Potassium influx was inhibited by 80-90% by 0.1 mM-bumetanide (a high-ceiling, loop diuretic). This suggests that the sodium-potassium co-transport system has a high capacity for carrying potassium (estimated at about 17-35 mmol l-1 cell h-1). After bumetanide (0.1 mM) remaining potassium movements (approximately 0.5 mmol l-1 cell h-1) are at a similar level to that found in red cells from other animals. The sodium pump makes a very small contribution to potassium flux into ferret red cells. Much of this pump activity may be attributed to reticulocytes present in cell samples. Sodium movements across the red cell membrane were measured with 22Na. Sodium equilibrated more slowly than potassium. 60-70% of the sodium influx was inhibited by 0.1 mM-bumetanide, indicating that most sodium influx in ferret red cells is also through the co-transport system. The co-transport system can transport up to 49 mmol sodium l-1 cell h-1 and is half maximally activated by 0.38 mM-potassium in the external medium. In the presence of bumetanide, sodium influx (about 18 mmol l-1 cell h-1) is similar to that of other carnivore red cells. This is about five times greater than that of red cells from non carnivores. The possibility that there are two populations of ferret red cells with different potassium transport characteristics is discussed. PMID- 6620191 TI - Long-term potentiation in commissural and Schaffer projections to hippocampal CA1 cells: an in vivo study in the rat. AB - Rats were given unilateral injections of kainic acid into the lateral ventricle to produce a unilateral lesion of CA3 pyramidal cells in the hippocampus. This procedure allowed the commissural and associational Schaffer projections of the surviving contralateral CA3 field to be studied separately for their ability to sustain long-term potentiation (l.t.p.) of synaptic efficacy. Both Schaffer and commissural projections showed l.t.p. of the population excitatory post-synaptic potential (e.p.s.p.) and the population spike. No significant difference was seen in the degree or duration of l.t.p. sustained by the two projections. PMID- 6620192 TI - Effects of chronic hyperprolactinaemia on experimentally induced thirsts in male rats. AB - Chronic hyperprolactinaemia was induced in ten male Wistar rats by subcutaneous injection of tissue fragments of the MtTW 15 prolactin-secreting adenoma. Serum prolactin was elevated significantly by 3 weeks after adenoma inoculation and increased progressively thereafter. An additional ten Wister-Furth rats were inoculated with the MtTW 15 adenoma and an equal number of age-matched controls were used to evaluate the drinking response to several dipsogenic agents. The hyperprolactinaemic rats consumed twice as much water as did control rats over a 24 hr period. Administration of the beta-adrenergic agonist, isoprenaline (25 micrograms/kg, s.c.), resulted in a similar increase in water intake in both groups prior to an elevation in serum prolactin. However, as serum prolactin increased there was a corresponding significantly attenuated dipsogenic response to isoprenaline. Chronic hyperprolactinaemia did not alter the drinking response to angiotensin II (200 micrograms/kg, s.c.), to 24 hr of dehydration or to administration of hypertonic (1 M) saline. These results indicate that chronic hyperprolactinaemia selectively attenuates the dipsogenic response to beta adrenergic stimulation and support an involvement of prolactin in modifying the responsiveness of the beta-adrenergic system. PMID- 6620194 TI - [A programmable controller for behavioral experiments]. PMID- 6620193 TI - Electroretinograms evoked in man by local uniform or patterned stimulation. AB - 1. We have recorded electroretinograms (e.r.g.s) in normal subjects. Television monitors were used as stimulators. The screens were surrounded by brightly lit white reflecting surfaces to ensure that the responses were developed by defined retinal areas.2. Various types of stimuli were employed. Either (i) a pattern of dark and bright squares was reversed, to evoke a pattern e.r.g. (p.e.r.g.), (ii) the luminance of the uniform screen was abruptly increased and decreased to evoke a focal on-off e.r.g. or (iii) a pattern was made to appear and disappear from a uniform background. In each of these cases, the sequence of changes of luminance at any one point could be made identical. The aim of the experiments was to determine whether the e.r.g. was modified by the spatial organization of the stimulus.3. In other experiments a colour monitor was used so that (i) a red green flicker, (ii) red-green pattern reversal or (iii) the appearance of a red green pattern from a yellow background could be used as a stimulus. The responses were caused by the changes in hue, since all the colours were equiluminant.4. With black and white patterns the p.e.r.g. peaks 5 msec later than the focal on off e.r.g. The largest response is produced by squares of 0.5-1 degrees subtense.5. The ratio of the amplitudes of the p.e.r.g. to the focal on-off response is largest for stimuli confined to the macula and smallest for those projected onto peripheral retina.6. The amplitude of responses to chequerboard reversing patterns increases nearly linearly with contrast up to the maximum contrast available.7. When patterns appear or disappear from a uniform screen, and there is an associated change in the quantity of light entering the eye, recognizable b-waves occur when the average screen luminance increases, independently of whether pattern contrast increases (appearance) or decreases (disappearance).8. When a pattern appears or disappears with no change in luminance, e.r.g.s are evoked at both ;on' and ;off'. The disappearance of the dark parts of the pattern causes the largest logarithmic increase in local retinal illumination. For patterns of square size > 4 degrees the pattern disappearance response is larger than for pattern appearance. As the square size is reduced, the appearance response grows and the disappearance response decreases. The e.r.g.s evoked by the appropriate changes in luminance of a uniform screen are no longer the same as those caused by the appearance and disappearance of the pattern.9. The responses to change of hue are 70% as large as those produced by black and white patterns. The same ratio occurs for pattern and focal on-off e.r.g.s.10. When coloured patterns appear from and disappear to a uniform field, the e.r.g.s. evoked are very similar to those recorded when the appropriate changes of hue occur in a uniform field. This result is quite different to the findings for black and white patterns (see 8 above).11. The results suggest that it is the change in local adaptation caused by the black and white patterns which modifies the e.r.g. and not the presence of contrasting borders. PMID- 6620195 TI - [Thermogenic responses of high-altitude adapted rats on low temperatures and low pressures]. AB - The male rats were raised in two groups, one at Mt. Yatsugatake (2,100 m above sea level, the average ambient temperature 12.5 degrees C) for 30 days, and the other at a laboratory of Matsumoto (610 m above sea level, the average temperature 20 degrees C). The steady-state oxygen consumptions (VO2) and the rectal temperatures (TR) were measured under exposure conditions of various temperatures combined with different simulated altitudes. The values of VO2 and TR for a control group at 610 m-20 degrees C were regarded as 100% and the relative changes to the control values were obtained at various temperatures in the respective low-pressure condition. When measured at a simulated altitude of 2,000 m on the 2nd day after the rats raised at Mt. Yatsugatake were translocated to Matsumoto, the values at 0 degrees C and 10 degrees C room temperatures, VO2 and TR, were still significantly increased as compared with those of rats raised at Matsumoto. On the 40th day after the translocation from Mt. Yatsugatake, however, the values turned out to exhibit no significant difference in both groups. These results indicated that the greater thermogenesis of high-altitude adapted rats had been established by combined stimuli of low temperatures and low pressures as compared with those of Matsumoto-level adapted rats, but the responses returned to the control level by deadaptation process at 40 days after the translocation. PMID- 6620196 TI - Phobic anxiety and irrational belief systems. AB - In a test of the hypothesis that irrational thinking is associated with phobic anxiety, the Rational Behavior Inventory and the Fear Survey Schedule were administered to 128 undergraduates. Although a statistically significant correlation between irrationality and phobic anxiety was found, the result appears to have little clinical meaning. Other evidence is cited which suggests that rational emotive therapy is best suited for the treatment of generalized anxiety, whereas deconditioning treatments are appropriate for most cases of phobic anxiety. PMID- 6620197 TI - Impulsive versus inefficient problem solving in retarded and nonretarded Mexican children. AB - Nonretarded (n = 12) and retarded (n = 12) Mexican children matched on chronological age were given the Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFFT). The results indicated that the MFFT was appropriate for use with Mexican retarded and nonretarded subjects. Comparisons between groups showed retarded performers to be less efficient information processors than nonretarded subjects. The two groups did not differ in cognitive style. Cross cultural comparisons of MFFT scores with normative data on American children were described within the constraints of the restrictive characteristics of the Mexican sample. PMID- 6620198 TI - Four factors affecting perceived aggressiveness. AB - In the first of three experiments a distinction was made between cause (intent) and reason, and predictions about their respective effects on perceived aggressiveness were assessed. Both factors were found to influence subjects' perceptions. A second experiment found the effects of six different modes of harming to vary under different conditions of intent and reason. In a third experiment the four factors--intent, reason, mode of harm, and severity of harm- were all found to influence subjects' perceptions of aggressiveness. Different experimental designs were used to control for demand characteristics. In order to control for sophistication that might be associated with students of behavioral science, employees at a hospital were chosen as subjects in two of the experiments. A phenomenon common for all three experiments--most of the subjects who had attributed no intent to harm to the actor nevertheless rated him as displaying aggressiveness--was discussed with reference to the factors of mode and severity in harm. PMID- 6620199 TI - Clients' and therapists' perspectives on reasons for seeking therapy. AB - This study examined whether therapists and clients view clients' motives for seeking therapy differently, as predicted by the divergent perspectives hypothesis which states that actors have a tendency to see their own behavior as being caused by external factors, whereas observers may perceive the causes to be internal. Participants were divided into three groups: 21 clients who gave their motives in seeking therapy, 28 therapists who gave the reasons why they felt clients sought therapy, and 15 therapists who responded to the hypothetical situation of why they themselves would seek counseling if the need arose. Direction was given to orient responses to the dimension of internal-external forces for all groups. Contrary to expectations, the results indicate that therapists and clients did not view clients' motives for seeking therapy from different perspectives. PMID- 6620200 TI - Moral judgment in delinquents and nondelinquents: recognition versus production measures. AB - Juvenile delinquents' (n = 60) and nondelinquents' (n = 73) stages of moral development were compared using both recognition and production measures. Juvenile delinquents were found to score significantly lower than nondelinquents on a production measure of moral judgment (the Sociomoral Reflection Measure). A recognition measure (the Sociomoral Reflection Objective Measure), however, did not discriminate between the two groups in an analysis controlled for significant covariates of age, socioeconomic status, and IQ. The possibility that delinquents are delayed in the production but not recognition of mature moral reasoning is considered. The possibility is also considered, however, that excessive error variance associated with recognition measures of moral reasoning when administered to juvenile delinquents is responsible for the inability of such measures to discriminate between delinquents and nondelinquents. PMID- 6620201 TI - Word recognition in a foreign language: a study of speech perception. AB - Models of speech perception have stressed the importance of investigating recognition of words in fluent speech. The effects of word length and the initial phonemes of words on the speech perception of foreign language learners were investigated. English-speaking subjects were asked to listen for target words in repeated presentations of a prose passage read in French by a native speaker. The four target words were either one or four syllables in length and began with either an initial stop or fricative consonant. Each of the four words was substituted 60 times in identical sentence contexts in place of nouns deleted from the original story. The results indicated that four-syllable words were more easily detected than one-syllable words. Contrary to expectation, stop-initial words were not more accurately detected than fricative-initial words. Based on these findings additional considerations that seem needed in order to apply current models of word recognition to naive listeners are discussed. PMID- 6620202 TI - Psychological factors contributing to disproportionate disability in chronic bronchitis. AB - Disability in fifty chronic bronchitis patients was measured by the twelve-minute walking test. The degree of disability was examined in relation to lung function and a measure of disproportion of disability was derived. This measure was significantly related to a number of attitude measures, in particular the patients' beliefs about treatment and treatment outcome, but was not strongly related to psychiatric disturbance on the GHQ. However, high levels of psychiatric disturbance were found within the overall sample. PMID- 6620203 TI - Blood pressure variability and the type A behavior pattern in adolescence. AB - The present investigation assessed the relationship between Type A behavior and blood pressure variability in a sample of 211 adolescents. Consistent with the adult literature, analyses revealed an association between Type A behavior and both systolic blood pressure variability and peak systolic pressure. The measures of diastolic blood pressure, however, were unrelated to Pattern A. The association with systolic variability remained when controlling for initial blood pressure level, sex, weight, and age. Subsidiary analyses of the components of Pattern A showed that high systolic variability teenagers are characterized by Type A speech characteristics (quick response latencies) and high levels of hostility. These findings support the validity of the Type A construct in adolescence. PMID- 6620204 TI - The role of psychosocial factors in spontaneous preterm delivery. AB - Exposure to life events during pregnancy and attitudinal expression of pregnancy desirability and partner support were assessed for 166 mothers of singleton preterm infants and 299 mothers of singleton term infants. White women with a preterm delivery reported a higher number of life events and expressed a more negative attitude toward the pregnancy than white women with a term delivery. No substantial differences in these variables were evident among the black women. However, when level of life events was stratified by pregnancy desirability score, both white and black women with a high pregnancy desirability score were found to be at an increased risk for a preterm delivery when exposed to a high as compared to a low level of life events. PMID- 6620205 TI - Cardiovascular reactivity in mild hypertension. AB - Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored in 18 mild hypertensives and 18 normotensive controls matched for age and sex during rest, isometric exercise, carbon dioxide rebreathing, cold pressor test, head-up tilt, radiant heat, head back tilt and mental arithmetic. Blood pressure and heart rate were higher in the hypertensive than in the normotensive group at rest. During the instructions prior to the mental arithmetic and head-back tilt tests, heart rate increased more in the hypertensive than in the normotensive group while during mental arithmetic performance, blood pressure levels increased more in hypertensives than in normotensive controls. Diastolic blood pressure levels increased more in hypertensives during head-up tilt. In all other conditions, cardiovascular responses were similar in both groups. The results support the view that the sympathetic nervous system contributes to hypertension since the cardiovasculature of mild hypertensives was hyperreactive during tests where sympathetic activity was likely to predominate. PMID- 6620206 TI - Development of a questionnaire measure of emotional control. AB - A questionnaire measure of emotional control was developed to evaluate the extent to which individuals report controlling anger, anxiety and depressed mood. Scale items were derived from responses to semi-structured clinical interviews with patients who were awaiting breast biopsy. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability data are reported, as well as correlations with the Marlowe-Crowne, the Spielberger State-Trait Personality Inventory, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and the Bortner Type A Behavior Scale. Although intended for use with breast cancer patients this scale is envisaged to have wider application to other clinical populations. PMID- 6620207 TI - Expressed emotion and airway conductance in children with bronchial asthma. AB - Fourteen asthmatic children (ages 9-11) and their controls were exposed to a stress inducing competitive achievement situation. Facial expression of emotions were systematically analyzed from video-recordings, and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) reduction was measured from pre-stress to post-stress. The asthmatic children showed a significantly lower frequency and duration of overall emotional expression than their controls. Specifically, the frequency and duration of expressed anger/rage, enjoyment/joy, and surprise/startle were lower in the asthmatic children. Moreover, duration of overall expressed emotion showed a significant negative correlation with PEFR reduction in the asthmatic group, indicating a relevant relationship between facial expression of emotions and breathing function. PMID- 6620208 TI - Life event scales for obstetric groups. AB - Although associations have been described between life events and the incidence of perinatal complications, research has been limited by the lack of life event scales appropriate to obstetric groups. We report the development of such scales for primiparous and multiparous women. High ranking items from existing general life event scales as well as items relevant only to pregnant women were included. The degree of resultant distress was rated by visual analogue scales, and the frequency of each life event was assessed. High internal consistency was demonstrated for each of the scales and their general utility is suggested by the similar rank ordering of ratings in the primiparous and multiparous samples. Approximately one-third of the highest rating items on the scales were pregnancy related, supporting the view that scales measuring the stress of life events should include items relevant to the particular group of respondents. PMID- 6620210 TI - An analysis of factors associated with self-referral to a general practitioner. PMID- 6620209 TI - The Jenkins activity survey: does it measure psychopathology? AB - Previous studies have reached opposite conclusions concerning whether the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS), a questionnaire measuring the Type A coronary-prone behavior pattern, correlates positively with measures of psychopathology. The present study investigated this question by administering the JAS, the Minnesota Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to 85 subjects. No significant correlations were found between the JAS Type A scale and the four MMPI scales measuring neurotic functioning. The Type A scale did correlate significantly with other MMPI scales, but all correlations indicated an inverse relationship between Type A behavior and psychopathology. The Speed and Impatience subscale of the JAS correlated positively with both state and trait anxiety, as found in an earlier study. Results of the present study indicate that the factors assessed by the JAS scales are generally unrelated to factors assessed by traditional measures of psychopathology. PMID- 6620211 TI - Psychogenic menorrhagia. PMID- 6620212 TI - Abingdon vaporisers--a preliminary report. PMID- 6620213 TI - A doctor with the RFA on Operation Corporate. PMID- 6620214 TI - The Falklands conflict--a view from a minesweeper. PMID- 6620215 TI - Surgery in a tin helmet--a personal account of a surgeon at war. PMID- 6620216 TI - Burns and plastic surgery in the South Atlantic campaign 1982. PMID- 6620217 TI - The management of missile injuries. PMID- 6620218 TI - Anaesthesia ashore and afloat during the Falklands war. PMID- 6620219 TI - Saturation diving in the Falklands. PMID- 6620220 TI - Small bowel carcinoma: a difficult diagnosis. PMID- 6620221 TI - The aetiology of patello-femoral pain. PMID- 6620222 TI - [Role of scanography in the diagnosis of parathyroid adenomas. Apropos of 27 cases]. AB - Scanner imagine pre-operatively in 27 patients with hyperparathyroidism provided assessment of the sensitivity (92 p.cent) and diagnostic precision (92.5 p.cent) of this investigational method. The need for a strict methodology and the advantages gained by high resolution and angioscanning programmes are emphasized. After analyzing the results, a review of the published literature enables the advantages and the limits of the scanner X to be defined, and a strategy for exploration of parathyroid adenomas to be proposed. PMID- 6620224 TI - [Preoperative embolization in spinal pathology. Apropos of 21 cases]. AB - Problems encountered during pre-operative embolization in 21 patients with spinal affections could be differentiated as a function of the 3 main regions affected: cervical, dorsolumbar, and lumbosacral. The distinction between the totally different problems raised was based on histologic and angiographic studies of the vascularization of the spinal cord and vertebral column. Whenever possible, and particularly when it can be complete, embolization markedly facilitates the surgical procedure. PMID- 6620223 TI - [Intrathoracic mass in Ewing's sarcoma of the ribs. Apropos of 5 cases]. AB - 5 cases of Ewing's tumor of the ribs are reviewed. On the initial chest X-ray, they had in common an enormous intrathoracic mass. The bone lesion which was subtle, was hardly seen or missed and the patients were referred to us for investigation of a mediastinal mass, a lung tumor or a pleural effusion. The possibility of a rib tumor was not mentioned. Recent methods of investigation of a thoracic mass include nuclear medicine, ultrasound and computed tomography but the conventional plain chest radiograph is the first and most important test in these cases. PMID- 6620225 TI - [Tomodensitometric aspects of the narrow lumbar canal]. AB - Thirty of 200 cases of lumbar radiculalgia of degenerative origin presented clinical, radiologic, saccographic, and computed tomography signs of a typical narrow lumbar canal, half of these patients having benefited from surgical mobilization of the neuromeninges. Performances of new generation scanners have enabled the development of computed tomography images typical of a narrow lumbar canal, and also to improved assessment of radiotomographic and saccographic signs, as a result of direct visibility of osteo-articular radicular constrainst factors in the transverse axial plane. Findings in stenotic dysplasia, the role of vertebral arthrosis, the particular cases of spondylolisthesis, and the entity determined by isolated stenosis of the nerve root canal (mainly stenosis of the lateral recess) are discussed. PMID- 6620227 TI - [Mediopatellar plica. A new approach for the radiological diagnosis]. AB - Out 110 patients having undergone a double contrast arthrography followed by a C.T. examination of the femoropatellar joint, 12 medio-patellar plicae were diagnosed: one of which was responsible for all the symptoms. The author concludes on the role of the C.T. scan after negative arthrograms not explaining the internal derangement of the knee. PMID- 6620228 TI - [Occipitalization of the ventral part and vertebralization of the dorsal part of the atlas]. AB - The authors report a second case of an original malformation of the atlas vertebra which consists in occipitalization of the anterior and lateral parts (anterior hemi-arch) and in vertebralization of the posterior parts (posterior hemi-arch). PMID- 6620226 TI - [Value of preliminary intravenous urography. Apropos of errors by default in the ultrasonic diagnosis of renal tumors]. AB - Ultrasound recordings were conducted in 181 patients with renal tumors during a period of three and a half years. A precise diagnosis of a renal tumor mass had not been made in 4 cases, definition of the nature of the lesion requiring further explorations. It is emphasized that in these 4 cases an intravenous urography examination was either not performed (1 case), ultrasound being the initial examination, or was imperfectly conducted and interpreted (3 cases). It is concluded that a correctly performed and interpreted intravenous urography investigation should occupy a preliminary stage before any ultrasound imaging of the urinary tract. PMID- 6620229 TI - [Tumoral calcinosis in a white woman. Apropos of a case]. AB - A new of tumoral calcinosis is described in a 91 years old woman. It is a rare condition that affect almost always black subjects. This benign disease is characterised by progressive increase of subcutaneous calcified masses near larger joints. Only four cases were yet reported in a white female. PMID- 6620230 TI - [Post-traumatic pneumobladder. Apropos of a case]. AB - The authors report an uncommon case or perineal impalment with perforation of the rectum and the bladder. They stress the importance of X ray investigation in emergency, which enables to confirm the diagnosis, to appreciate the other possible injuries and to guide the surgical treatment. PMID- 6620231 TI - [The cribriform fossa of the sacrum. A source of abusive interpretation of osteolysis]. AB - A number of X-ray pictures have been taken of a 29 years old man suffering from low back pains. The profile negative of these pictures imply an erosion on the forewall of the sacral canal, which is similar to a tumor destruction. The tomography refutes any bone destruction. On the contrary, it proves that there are some very deep riddled fossae of the sacrum, a frequent anatomic variant. PMID- 6620232 TI - Phlebography with non-elaborate equipment. AB - A simplified phlebocavographic technique is proposed, using a standard radiology table and two 30 x 90 cassettes with a screen. These are placed under the floating tray of the table, and are maintained in place with two corner pieces. PMID- 6620233 TI - Effect on birth weight of smoking in pregnancy. AB - Maternal cigarette consumption during pregnancy, and infant birth weight were assessed in 427 consecutive births at BMH Rinteln. Smokers comprised 46.1% of the mothers. Babies born to mothers who smoked were significantly lighter than those born to non-smoking mothers, regardless of birth order. Smoking mothers were disproportionately represented in the low birth weight group. (19 out of 24) There are clear implications for military obstetric and paediatric practice. PMID- 6620234 TI - Practice morbidity and activity analysis with the aid of a computer. A trainee project. AB - In a five doctor group practice a system was devised for collecting information about morbidity and practice activity. A structured 'day sheet' was used to record the doctors' case load and this information was then transferred on to a computer file. The computer was programmed to produce monthly morbidity returns and practice activity analyses, printed out in a format that allowed easy comparison to existing published data. PMID- 6620235 TI - Leptospirosis--an occupational disease of soldiers. AB - Two cases of leptospirosis are described in soldiers who fell into a river together. One developed Weil's disease due to icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup and the other "Mud-Fever" due to grippotyphosa serogroup. The organisms were initially cultured in standard blood culture media. There were six cases of leptospirosis in BAOR in the 10 years to 1980 giving an incidence 10 times greater than in the civil population of UK and West Germany. Leptospirosis is an occupational disease of soldiers in BAOR and the health risks of fresh water immersion should be publicised. PMID- 6620236 TI - Death from an anti-personnel grenade explosion. AB - A case is described where death occurred, due to the penetration of small high velocity metal fragments, from the explosion of an anti-personnel grenade. PMID- 6620237 TI - Trichobezoar--an unusual cause of acute appendicitis. AB - Various exotic foreign bodies have been found in the lumen of acutely inflamed appendices. The list includes parasites, pips, chips of bone, metal and wood. In the following case the cause of obstruction was a trichobezoar. PMID- 6620238 TI - Congenital atresia of the larynx in association with Prune Belly syndrome. AB - A case of congenital atresia of the larynx in association with the Prune Belly Syndrome is reported. Some aspects of the aetiology and management of congenital atresia of the larynx are reviewed. PMID- 6620240 TI - Whither the RMO. PMID- 6620239 TI - Testicular teratoma. PMID- 6620241 TI - Medical cover for Exercise Snow Queen 81/82. PMID- 6620242 TI - Prognostic implications of creatine phosphokinase levels after acute myocardial infarction--a study of low risk patients. AB - To determine the prognostic value of Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK) levels after acute myocardial infarction in patients thought to be at low risk of death or major complications, 94 consecutive patients with definite myocardial infarction were divided into two groups according to peak CPK levels. Group I contained 23 patients with a peak CPK of less than 1000 units and Group II contained 71 patients with a peak CPK level of greater than 1000. They were followed for six months or to death. A CPK of greater than 1000 was significantly associated with left ventricular failure, major arrhythmias and late death and seemed therefore to have value as an indicator of poor prognosis. PMID- 6620243 TI - A survey of the effects of lead on gunners. AB - An environmental and biological survey of lead involving 35 soldiers from an artillery training unit was carried out. The soldiers had a minimum of eighteen months service. The eight hour Time Weighted Average (TWA) for lead in air (0.19 mg/m3) exceeded the Standard (0.15/m3) on a maximum of three days per month. However, the weighted average for 40 hours (0.03 mg/m3) was well within the Lead in Air Standard. No toxic effects on the soldiers were revealed by the biological tests employed. A comparison of blood lead (BPb) was made with those in a group (n = 292) of recruits (Fig. 1) which showed a statistically significant difference (t(df 328) = 4.28, P less than 0.001). The survey indicated that the level of lead exposure is not sufficient to require any special monitoring or corrective measures as laid down in the Control of Lead at Work Regulations. PMID- 6620244 TI - A study of patellofemoral plain in a junior infantry training unit. AB - The incidence of patellofemoral pain in a Junior Unit was assessed retrospectively over a 4 year period and prospectively by studying an annual intake of recruits during their initial training year. An average of 3.5% per intake were found to have been discharged due to the disease between 1977 and 1980. 4.5% of the intake prospectively studied were discharged and 75% of those presenting with symptoms were cured. The clinical characteristics of recruits presenting with the the disorder were prospectively studied in a controlled, blind, consecutive series of 45 patients. Two groups of characteristics were identified; those with an early, insidious onset in training, a pre-Service history and a poor response to physiotherapy and those with an acute, traumatic onset, presenting later in training and responding well to physiotherapy. The aetiology of patellofemoral pain in a Junior Recruit is discussed and attention drawn to specific problems encountered by these patients. PMID- 6620245 TI - Prophylaxis of hepatitis A with immune globulin. AB - Hepatitis has been outstanding as a military disease. Although it was not recognized as a commonplace illness in civilian populations until 35 years ago, hepatitis has been a problem in all major wars during the last two centuries. Much of the knowledge of this disease has been obtained by investigation of outbreaks in military populations. The military importance of hepatitis during World War II led to studies of this disorder which defined it as a distinct clinical entity and delineated both the epidemiology and its mode of transmission. PMID- 6620246 TI - Dispensing in military general practice. AB - The author presents misgivings concerning the standards of dispensing in some military medical centres, and some ideas for their correction. PMID- 6620247 TI - Entomology and conservation--the importance of Ministry of Defence land. PMID- 6620248 TI - Further evidence for a role of carbohydrates in insulin binding: studies in lectin-purified receptors. AB - Purification of liver membrane insulin receptors on concanavalin A- and ricin I lectin columns gave a 15-fold enrichment in the insulin binding capacity per milligram of protein. Final receptor and protein recoveries were 53 and 3.8% respectively. Lectin-purification increased the receptor affinity for insulin, as indicated by a left-ward shift in the binding competition curve and a steeper slope in the Scatchard plot. Lectin-purification increased the receptor sensitivity towards the glycosidic probes. The maximal effects of beta galactosidase, ricin I (galactose-binding lectin) and alpha-mannosidase were markedly amplified: 80, 90 and 60% inhibition, versus 45, 40 and 15% with particulate membranes. The limulus polyphemus (LPA) and wheat germ (WGA) agglutinins (sialic acid- and N-acetyl-glucosaminyl-binding lectins) became effective in modifying the insulin binding: 45 and 80% inhibition, respectively. The effects were dose-dependent, reversed by the monosaccharide competitors (lectin effects) and unrelated to the state of receptor occupancy. These findings indicate that, within the hormone recognition area, peptide chains containing galactose, mannose and N-acetyl-glucosamine are strictly required for insulin receptor interaction and suggest that change in the receptor affinity is related to the role of carbohydrate in insulin binding. PMID- 6620249 TI - Abstracts presented at the 2nd International Conference on Reproductive Immunology. Kyoto 17-20 August 1983. PMID- 6620250 TI - Characterizations of anti-oLH beta antibodies acting as contraceptives in rhesus monkeys. II. In vivo neutralizing ability for gonadotropic hormones. AB - 63 female rhesus monkeys were actively immunized against the beta-subunit of ovine luteinizing hormone (oLH beta). 75% of these monkeys developed antibodies which were sufficiently high to induce infertility. We report here the in vivo neutralizing potencies of anti-oLH beta antisera from 14 monkeys and the correlation between in vitro and in vivo properties of the antibodies. Anti-oLH beta sera neutralized the biological activity (stimulation of testosterone production in male mice) of both hCG and rhCG. The correlation between antibody titers and neutralizing potency of hCG action of the antisera was significant. rhCG-induced testosterone production was inhibited more effectively than that induced by hCG. There was no correlation between binding affinity to hCG in vitro and neutralizing activity. Neutralizing activities correlated well with binding capacities, suggesting that the number of binding sites of the antibody population may play an important role in the mechanism of neutralization. In rhesus monkeys that were effectively immunized against pregnancy circulating oLH beta antisera did induce shortened luteal phases and impaired luteal function. Successful application of oLH beta as an antigen for contraception in humans may depend on relative cross-reactions of hLH and hCG with anti-oLH beta sera and on a neutralizing capability very similar to the one found in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 6620251 TI - Transmission of immunoglobulin to foetal and neonatal mice. AB - Transmission of immunoglobulin (Ig) classes and subclasses from mother to foetus and to neonate, and the survival of maternal Ig in the circulation of the young mouse up to 40 days after birth, has been quantitated in Balb/c homozygous and (Balb/c X SJL/J)F1 matings using isotype-specific heteroantisera in radial immunodiffusion in gel assays. The transfer of anti-allotype (anti-Ig-1b (gamma 2a] antibodies from immunised Balb/c mothers (Ig-1a) to F1 heterozygote (Ig-1ab) offspring was measured by passive haemagglutination of Ig-1b target allotype coated sheep red blood cells. A small but significant level of transmission of Ig to the foetus occurs by the 15th day of gestation (5 days before birth) but the bulk of passively acquired Ig is derived from the milk after birth. All Ig acquired in utero and later across the intestinal barrier is exclusively of IgG isotypes (gamma 1, gamma 2a, gamma 2b) even though the milk has a large predominance of IgA. An appreciable level of maternally derived antibody is maintained in the circulation of the young mouse 24 days or more after gut 'closure' on the 16th day post-partum. PMID- 6620252 TI - A longitudinal study of leucocyte numbers and mitogenesis during the last ten weeks of human pregnancy. AB - Leucocyte numbers rose consistently in normal primigravid women sampled repeatedly during the last ten weeks of pregnancy. The increase in total leucocyte count was significant from 35 weeks gestation to delivery and was directly related to an increase in neutrophils, while mononuclear cell numbers remained unaltered. In addition to the pregnancy associated neutrophilia there was a further increase in neutrophil counts at delivery. Using whole blood and purified leucocytes in culture, it was confirmed that pregnancy plasma contains suppressor factors which inhibit mitogenesis with PHA or Con A. There was no significant change in individual women's whole blood mitogenic response at any time during the sampling period except at delivery when there was a significant decrease. Culture of washed cells from pregnant women in non-pregnancy plasma restored their mitogenic response to levels found in non-pregnant control women, except at delivery when there was evidence of a cell-associated impairment of function. Purified leucocyte cultures from individual women sampled repeatedly from 30 weeks gestation to delivery gave variable responses although it was still possible to identify pregnancy-related plasma suppressor factors and delivery associated impairment of leucocyte function in vitro. PMID- 6620253 TI - Characteristics of long-term cultures of proliferating, mononuclear phagocytes from bone marrow. AB - The characteristics of murine bone marrow mononuclear phagocytes in long-term cultures with embryonic fibroblast-conditioned medium were studied to determine the stage of development and state of activation of these cells. Two liquid culture systems were used: for studies on the morphology, cytochemistry, and functional characteristics at the cellular level, the cells were cultured adherent to a glass surface; and for experiments where the cells were needed in suspension (replating experiments, and studies on locomotion, intracellular killing, and cytotoxicity) use was made of Teflon culture systems. Three developmental stages of mononuclear phagocytes could be recognized easily in these cultures: monoblasts, promonocytes, and macrophages. In cultures on a glass surface, these cells grow in colonies separate from granulocytic colonies. When incubation is prolonged beyond 7-9 days, the granulocytes die, leaving pure mononuclear phagocyte cultures. Primary cultures, in which monoblasts, promonocytes, and some macrophages proliferate, can be maintained for 3-4 weeks. Calculation showed that one monoblast present on day 0 gives rise to a progeny of more than 7 X 10(3) mononuclear phagocytes by day 14; after that, the rate of proliferation declines despite the addition of fresh media. Regular replating of the cells cultured on Teflon made it possible to maintain proliferation over a period of almost 200 days. The cells in culture have the typical characteristics of mononuclear phagocytes, as judged by light microscopy, alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase activity, lysozyme activity, presence of receptors for Fc and C3, and endocytic, microbicidal, and cytotoxic activity. The 5'nucleotidase activity, ingestion of erythrocytes via C3-receptor, locomotion, and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity indicate that the cultured bone marrow mononuclear phagocytes are more active than resident macrophages, and as active as or even more active than thioglycollate-induced macrophages. In conclusion, the population of mononuclear phagocytes in the liquid cultures of bone marrow is heterogenous with respect to developmental stage and state of activation. PMID- 6620254 TI - Kinetic analysis of the growth of bone marrow mononuclear phagocytes in long-term cultures. AB - The present work concerns a mathematical analysis of the growth of monoblasts, promonocytes, and macrophages in long-term bone marrow cultures in the presence of conditioned medium. For this purpose, use was made of the normalized data of four experiments, each done in triplicate. The computer program was based on a concept of hypothetical subcompartments within each developmental stage. The growth parameters were then determined experimentally or by trial and error after a series of computer simulations. The mathematical results are in close agreement with the numbers of monoblasts, promonocytes, and macrophages obtained by counts in 21-day-old bone marrow cultures. This approach provides a means to understand the kinetic behaviour of mononuclear phagocytes. PMID- 6620255 TI - Presence of the factor increasing monocytopoiesis (FIM) in rabbit peripheral blood during an acute inflammation. AB - An intraperitoneal injection of latex in rabbits was found to give rise to an increase in the number of macrophages at the site of inflammation and a concomitant monocytosis in the peripheral blood. The results showed that during the initial phase of the inflammatory reaction a humoral factor is present in the circulation of these animals that stimulates the monocyte production in the bone marrow in a concentration-dependent way. This factor has been called the factor increasing monocytopoiesis (FIM), in analogy with the name given to the factor previously found in mice. Rabbit FIM is cell-line specific since it has no effect on granulocyte or lymphocyte production, has an estimated molecular weight of between 10,000 and 25,000 daltons, was found to be sensitive to treatment with proteases, to be unaffected by glycosidases, and to be readily inactivated in vitro at 37 degrees C. Neither rabbit nor mouse FIM is species specific, since rabbit FIM evoked moderate monocytosis in mice and vice versa. PMID- 6620257 TI - Suppressive effects of Corynebacterium parvum on primary and secondary antibody responses in mice. AB - The splenic plaque forming cell (PFC) response of mice to an intraperitoneal injection of sheep erythrocytes was severely depressed by prior treatment with Corynebacterium parvum given four days beforehand by the same route. However, total antibody levels were less affected, and soon attained near normal titres. This implied that the effects of C. parvum were limited to the spleen, and that other tissues gave a substantial response during the period when the splenic response was suppressed. Equally, this apparently local immunosuppressive effect of C. parvum failed to inhibit the eventual development of a normal memory cell pool. It was also shown that primed cells in the spleen, challenged during the period when C. parvum inhibited primary IgG responses, were relatively refractory to its suppressive effects. PMID- 6620256 TI - Distribution of peritoneal macrophage populations after intravenous injection in mice: differential effects of eliciting and activating agents. AB - Murine peritoneal macrophages (pM phi) elicited in vivo by intraperitoneal (IP) inoculation of various agents were tested for their homing/distribution patterns after intravenous (IV) adoptive transfer to syngeneic C57BL/6 recipients. Resident pM phi (RpM phi) obtained from normal mice and pM phi elicited by proteose peptone (PpM phi) or thioglycollate broth (TpM phi) exhibited similar homing patterns following IV transfer. After initial arrest in the lungs, these cells rapidly disseminated to liver and spleen, with minimal or no detectable migration to peripheral lymph nodes, intestine, peritoneum, kidney, heart, or retention in the blood. The pattern of results reflected the properties of pM phi themselves, since highly enriched pM phi populations obtained by treatment of crude peritoneal exudate cells with anti-Thy 1.2 + C, or by fractionation on Percoll density gradients, gave similar results. The distribution of pM phi elicited by Brewer's thioglycollate medium (BTpM phi) was markedly different from other pM phi tested. BTpM phi homed rapidly to the lungs and many remained localized there for at least 72 hr with very little migration to the spleen. The distribution of PpM phi could be altered by activation of these cells in vivo through the IP injection of the pyran copolymer, MVE-2, prior to adoptive IV transfer. Activated PpM phi contained a population of highly differentiated, low density pM phi, separable on density gradients, which arrested in the lungs for appreciably longer periods of time than did PpM phi. These cells exhibited reduced ability for migration to the spleen. Macrophage-like (M phi-like) cell lines did not exhibit migration capability, but rather were rapidly cleared from the circulation in a manner similar to other types of tumor cells. PMID- 6620258 TI - Human mononuclear phagocyte-associated antigens. III. Relationship of cell surface antigen phenotype between cultured monocytes and tissue macrophages. AB - In order to determine the correlation between the in vitro model of monocyte differentiation and its in vivo counterparts, cell surface phenotypes of monocytes in culture and mature tissue macrophages were analyzed using monoclonal antibodies, M1/70, TA-1 anti-HLA-DR, and a heteroantisera prepared to macrophage cell line U937. Following 7 days in culture the reactivity of monocytes with M1/70 diminished from 70 +/- 9% to 31 +/- 8%. Similarly, the reactivity to TA-1 dropped from 88 +/- 8% to 23 +/- 7% and for anti-DR, from 79 +/- 5% to 41 +/- 16%. Reactivity with anti-U937 remained unchanged. This altered phenotype of cultured monocytes was found to approximate that of resident splenic macrophages (MO). In addition, freshly isolated monocytes and peritoneal exudate MO (PEMO) were found to be functionally similar in their inability to phagocytize via the C receptors. These results suggest that PEMO arriving recently into the peritoneal cavity from peripheral blood may be midway in transition between monocytes and mature MO, and that the phenotype and functional changes attributed to monocytes in culture may reflect changes that occur in vivo in the transition to tissue MO. PMID- 6620259 TI - Some properties of the plasma membrane of macrophages from germ-free rats. AB - The mobility of plasma membrane receptors for lectins concanavalin A (Con A), phytohemagglutinin (PHA), garden pea agglutinin (PSA), lentil agglutinin (LCA), peanut agglutinin (PNA), soybean agglutinin (SBA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and perch spawn agglutinin (PFA), the presence of binding sites for sheep erythrocytes, the presence of Fc and complement receptors, as well as pinocytic and phagocytic activities were investigated in normal peritoneal macrophages from conventionally reared (CV) and germ-free (GF) rats. Differences varying according to the lectin used were found in lectin-receptor-complex lateral mobilities measured as a function of patch and cap formation. Germ-free-rat-derived macrophages showed a significant decrease in the average amount of SBA binding sites per cell as determined by 125I-SBA labeling. The percentage of complement- and Fc-receptor-bearing macrophages was lower in GF rats, in contrast to the higher percentage of macrophages forming spontaneous rosettes with sheep erythrocytes. The pinocytic activity as determined by the neutral red uptake assay exhibited a threefold increase in GF rat-derived macrophages in comparison to CV ones. On the other hand, phagocytosis was more intense in macrophages from conventional rats, as detected by the engulfing of CdCO3 microcrystals. Our results, together with other recent reports, indicate that the earlier opinion that the peritoneal macrophages of GF animals do not differ essentially from those of conventional ones needs to be revised. PMID- 6620260 TI - Penicillamine does not chelate gold (I). PMID- 6620261 TI - Dimethyl sulfoxide does not suppress an experimental model of arthritis in rabbits. AB - We studied the ability of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to influence the course of an experimental model of inflammatory arthritis. A Dumonde-Glynn model of arthritis was induced in both tibio-femoral joints of 10 rabbits, using ovalbumin as the immunogen. At one month post induction of the arthritis, the right tibio-femoral joint of 6 animals was treated for 3 months with topical 80% DMSO--1 g/kg body weight applied to the shaved skin for 5 out of 7 days each week. In another 4 animals, the right tibio-femoral joint was injected with 0.5 ml of 80% DMSO at one month post induction of the arthritis. Joint radiographs were taken at monthly intervals. The rabbits were sequentially sacrificed and the joint tissues evaluated by a blinded observer. Neither the topical DMSO nor the intraarticular DMSO treated joints showed any favorable responses to therapy; in fact the topically treated joints exhibited somewhat more inflammatory and destructive changes than the untreated joints. However the repeated injection of DMSO into normal joints did not, of itself, produce any deleterious effects. This study indicates a need to assess more thoroughly a possible deleterious effect of DMSO on the course of untreated inflammatory arthritis. PMID- 6620262 TI - Reticuloendothelial system fc receptor function in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have abnormal reticuloendothelial system (RES) IgG Fc receptor function which is correlated with disease activity and levels of immune complexes (IC). We studied RES function, IC levels, clinical and laboratory manifestations in 43 patients with RA. The articular index was abnormal in 42 patients (range of 6 to 153). Thirty were seropositive; 31 had an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Extraarticular manifestations included nodules (25), anemia (19), Sjogren's syndrome (6), vasculitis (4), and Felty's syndrome (2). Medication included corticosteroids (32), nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (33), slow acting antirheumatic drugs (18), and cytotoxics (2). Thirty-three patients had IC (30 by the Clq binding assay, 21 by the Raji cell assay); 13 patients had normal RES function (t 1/2-24-60 min; upper 95% confidence limit in normals = 62 min). Thirty had prolonged clearance times (65-210 min, mean 106 min). In contrast to SLE, clearance times were not found to be correlated with IC levels, or clinical or laboratory measures of disease activity. Defective RES immune clearance may not be an important determinant in the pathogenesis of immunologic tissue damage in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6620263 TI - A prospective analysis of the arthritis syndrome and immune function in jejunoileal bypass patients. AB - Fifty-two patients undergoing jejunoileal bypass surgery were prospectively evaluated to determine: 1) the incidence of the associated arthritic syndrome; 2) whether we could identify patients at risk for arthritis prior to surgery; and 3) changes in immune function. The incidence of arthritis was 28% and was frequently associated with dermatitis. No preoperative clinical or laboratory parameters identified those patients at risk to develop rheumatic problems. Circulating immune complexes were found in both arthritis and non-arthritis patients after surgery. Mean serum levels of IgA rose significantly after surgery only in patients who developed arthritis, but remained within the normal range. No other immunologic abnormalities were noted. PMID- 6620264 TI - Ankylosing spondylitis in women and men: a case-control study. AB - During an ongoing survey of 161 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), 25 females were identified and retrospectively studied in detail. For each, a case control male subject with similar age of onset of illness (mean, 23.0 years for women, 22.2 years for men) and duration of followup (mean, 20.7 years for women, 17.0 years for men) was selected. The diagnosis of AS was delayed an average of 12.8 years for females and 10.3 years for males. Extraspinal arthropathy occurred in 18 women (72%) and 8 men (32%) (p less than 0.05). Cervical spine disease and shoulder arthritis each occurred in 10 women (40%) and 4 men (16%) (NS). Hip disease affected 10 females and 6 males (NS). Peripheral joint disease occurred in 12 women (48%) and 9 men (36%); the knees were most commonly involved. Recurrent uveitis affected 10 females and 1 male (p less than 0.01). Anemia was detected in 8 women and 2 men (p less than 0.05). Sixty percent of the women had relatives with spondylarthritis, compared to 35% of the men (p less than 0.05). This last finding suggests that, in addition to possible hormonal and anatomic influences on the expression of disease, there may be some sex-linked, genetic factors. PMID- 6620265 TI - Polymyositis associated with jejunoileal bypass. AB - We report a patient with polymyositis who had a functioning jejunoileal bypass. Although many connective tissue syndromes have been reported with small bowel bypass, the association of polymyositis is unusual even though similar pathogenetic mechanisms might be involved. PMID- 6620266 TI - Natural and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in children with systemic lupus erythematosus and juvenile dermatomyositis. AB - Thirteen children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 5 with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) were studied for natural cytotoxicity (NK) and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). In vitro prednisolone at pharmacological levels failed to alter NK or ADCC in adult controls, nor did it alter ADCC in any children studied. ADCC was normal, but NK was decreased in SLE (p less than .005) and JDM (p less than .05) compared to controls. Since NK but not ADCC is decreased in these patients, different lymphocyte populations may mediate these 2 cytotoxic functions. PMID- 6620267 TI - Observations on the responses of synovial lymphocytes to viral antigens in rheumatoid arthritis and Reiter's syndrome. AB - The responses of synovial lymphocytes to 12 microbiological antigens, including 8 viral antigens, were studied with the 3H-thymidine uptake procedure in 15 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 4 patients with Reiter's syndrome. In 4 patients with rheumatoid factor (RF) negative RA, responses to the paramyxovirus antigens, parainfluenza and respiratory syncytial were marked, with lesser responses to adenovirus and mumps antigens. The synovial lymphocytes of 6 patients with RF titers of greater than or equal to 1:160 showed only minimal antigenic responses. PMID- 6620268 TI - Bacterial endocarditis complicating systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Culture proven bacterial endocarditis occurred in 6 of 571 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) admitted to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Although 4 of the patients had a murmur noted on examination prior to developing endocarditis, only one of the 6 had a recognized valvular abnormality. Bacterial endocarditis followed dental procedures in 2 of the 6 patients; no precipitating events were recorded in the remaining 4. M-mode and 2-D echocardiography of 20 unselected SLE patients did not reveal previously unrecognized cardiac disease. There was an unexpectedly high frequency of bacterial endocarditis among SLE patients relative to all other connective tissue disease patients seen at the NIH. PMID- 6620269 TI - Relapsing polychondritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6620270 TI - Disseminated gonococcal infection in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6620271 TI - Low sulphydryl levels: a marker of lymphocyte activation? PMID- 6620272 TI - Brachial plexitis mimicking C5 radiculopathy--a presentation of giant cell arteritis. PMID- 6620273 TI - Metabolic aspects of skin disease. PMID- 6620274 TI - Management of nail-bomb injuries. PMID- 6620275 TI - Ethical issues in paediatric practice. PMID- 6620276 TI - Ligature applicator and tier. AB - A new instrument is described which holds, carries and ties ligatures in areas where access is limited or vision obscured during traditional hand tying. It has been used during deep pelvic surgery, for cholecystectomy, in highly selective vagotomy and may be useful in peraxillary transthoracic cervical sympathectomy. PMID- 6620277 TI - Family exhibiting cerebellar-like ataxia, photosensitivity and shortness of stature - a new inborn error of tryptophan metabolism. AB - Two cases in a brother and sister of a previously undescribed hereditary syndrome are reported. The features, which include shortness of stature, photosensitivity and cerebellar-like ataxia, are attributed to a new inborn error of tryptophan metabolism. PMID- 6620278 TI - Extraurinary manifestations of chronic pyonephrosis. AB - Twenty-five patients who underwent nephrectomy for chronic pyonephrosis were studied retrospectively. Such patients may present with a wide range of symptoms. Marked haematological and biochemical abnormalities are found, the most striking being a gross elevation of plasma viscosity (or ESR) and a raised alkaline phosphatase. The resulting picture often suggests extrarenal disease, and diagnostic confusion occurred in a number of patients. PMID- 6620279 TI - Some factors affecting nerve regeneration in relation to radiotherapy. AB - The effect of delay and irradiation, both separately and combined, on regeneration of rat sciatic nerve was evaluated in adult Wistar rats. Those animals which had received irradiation at some stage fared significantly worse than those which had immediate division and reanastomosis of the sciatic nerve without irradiation. The possible relevance of these findings to nerve regeneration in patients treated by surgery and radiotherapy for parotid cancer is discussed. PMID- 6620280 TI - Towards the effective use of diagnostic radiology in surgical practice: discussion paper. AB - This paper takes as an example of the cycle of evaluation the work of the Royal College of Radiologists in connection with the more effective use of preoperative chest X-ray. The work covers a six year period beginning with an observation of practice on a national sample in 1976, progressing to the comparison of existing practice with expectations in 1978. This was followed by the development of guidelines of practice which were disseminated informally, and formally through scientific papers and meetings from 1979. In 1981, practice was again observed in a pilot area to ascertain if the proposed guidelines had produced the desired affect. The results of this second review showed that the intentions of the guidelines had been achieved successfully, i.e. substantial reduction in utilization with considerable potential financial saving without any decrease in the original effectiveness or safety of the intervention. Thus this example shows the closing of the evaluation loop and the successful implementation of change. PMID- 6620281 TI - Implications for anaesthesia of new concepts in cardiovascular diseases: discussion paper. PMID- 6620282 TI - Hypertrichosis and multiple cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas in association with cyclosporin A therapy. PMID- 6620284 TI - Medical aspects of the North Sea oil industry. PMID- 6620283 TI - Macroscopically-localized hepatic lesions in sclerosing cholangitis. PMID- 6620285 TI - Parents' views of childhood disorders. PMID- 6620286 TI - Expensive medical techniques. PMID- 6620287 TI - Newly recognized syndrome in the neck. PMID- 6620288 TI - Pathogenesis and treatment of acute intermittent porphyria. PMID- 6620289 TI - Epidemiology of road traffic accidents in Zaria, Nigeria. PMID- 6620291 TI - The artificial feeding of young infants in Britain. PMID- 6620290 TI - Developing an international index of quality of life for children: the NICQL Index. PMID- 6620292 TI - The training of paramedics for primary health care. PMID- 6620293 TI - Micro-technology--its impact on engineering and environmental health. PMID- 6620294 TI - Food poisoning and fish. PMID- 6620295 TI - Role of substrate lipophilicity on the N-demethylation and type I binding of 3-O alkylmorphine analogues. AB - A series of 3-O-alkylmorphine analogues was synthesized to determine if there was a good correlation between the rate of metabolism, type I binding affinity, and lipid solubility. The data indicate that the Km for the N-demethylation declines with increasing chain length from C1 to C9, while for increasing chain length the Vmax for the N-demethylation increases to a maximum of 15.20 nmol min-1 (mg of protein)-1 for the butyl analogue (C4) and then slowly declines with analogues with chain lengths greater than butyl (C4). The decyl (C10) and dodecyl (C12) analogues showed no activity. There was a good correlation between the lipophilicity and Km values, except for codeine and the C10 and C12 analogues. The type I binding dissociation constants (Ks) also decreased with increasing alkyl chain length with an excellent correlation between the Ks and log P. The ODmax did not change with increasing the chain length of the analogues. Our data suggest that in male rat hepatic microsomes the catalytic site for N demethylation and the site for type I binding in this series of compounds are similar but distinct. PMID- 6620296 TI - Aporphines. 50. Kinetics of solvolysis of N-(2-chloroethyl)norapomorphine, an irreversible dopamine receptor antagonist. AB - The rates and mechanism of solvolysis of (-)-N-(2-chloroethyl)norapomorphine (NCA, 1c) in aqueous solution have been examined by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (HPLC) to follow the levels of starting material and products. The first-order rate constants for aziridinium ion formation at 25 and 37 degrees C at pH 7.0 are 0.024 and 0.096 min-1, respectively. Determination of the first order rate constant for the disappearance of NCA as a function of pH has allowed the calculation of an approximate pKa of 6.3 for the tertiary amine, while the influence of reaction conditions (e.g., pH, buffer salt and concentration, and added nucleophiles) on product distribution support the view that NCA solvolysis proceeds through an intermediate aziridinium ion. Application of the HPLC procedure allowed us to observe simultaneously the loss of NCA and the appearance of an intermediate and multiple products at trace levels; it also permitted the facile isolation and subsequent identification of small amounts of hydrolysis products. At pH 7, maximum aziridinium concentration is reached only after 10 min at 37 degrees C and at 25 degrees C after 1 h. Increased temperatures and pH facilitate the rate of aziridinium ion formation, as well as of non-dopamine antagonist solvolysis products. The significance of these findings, including the ease with which buffer ions add to the intermediate ion, are discussed in relation to the use of NCA and its tritiated isomer, [3H]NCA, in dopamine receptor studies. PMID- 6620297 TI - Substituted (2-phenoxyphenyl)acetic acids with antiinflammatory activity. 1. AB - The synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of a series of substituted (2 phenoxyphenyl)acetic acids are described. Initial screening in the adjuvant arthritis test showed that halogen substitution in the phenoxy ring enhanced activity considerably. Ulcerogenic potential, as measured by the minimum ulcerogenic dose (MUD), was low in almost all the acids tested. [2-(2,4 Dichlorophenoxy)phenyl]acetic acid possessed the most favorable combination of potency with low toxicity, including ulcerogenicity, and this compound is now in therapeutic use. PMID- 6620298 TI - Substituted (2-phenoxyphenyl)acetic acids with antiinflammatory activity. 2. AB - A number of polychlorinated (phenoxyphenyl)acetic acids were prepared as close structural analogues of the antiinflammatory compound fenclofenac, [2-(2,4 dichlorophenoxy)phenyl]acetic acid. Increased potency was shown in several of these compounds, in particular, [2-(2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenoxy) phenyl]acetic acid (8), which was 40 times more potent than fenclofenac in the adjuvant-induced arthritis screen. In further tests it was found to be equipotent with indomethacin but with a much reduced incidence of acute toxicity (LD50 and ulcerogenicity). On chronic dosing, however, serious toxicity problems arose (including anemia, neutrophilia, and severe peritonitis), and this led to the abandonment of further work on the compound. Three further analogues were prepared containing NH, S, and SO moieties bridging the phenyl rings. Although the NH compound bore a very close structural resemblance both to the above O linked compound and the potent antiinflammatory drug diclofenac, [2-[(2,6 dichlorophenyl)imino]phenyl]acetic acid, it showed low activity in primary screens. Similarly, neither the S- or SO-bridged analogues had potencies that approached that of 8. PMID- 6620299 TI - Biological effects of modified colchicines. 2. Evaluation of catecholic colchicines, colchifolines, colchicide, and novel N-acyl- and N aroyldeacetylcolchicines. AB - A series of natural and synthetic colchicine derivatives was examined for their potency in the lymphocytic leukemia P388 screen in mice, for their toxicity in mice, and for their binding to microtubule protein. The natural alkaloids cornigerine and colchifoline and several N,O-substituted analogues of colchifoline were found to be as potent and as toxic as colchicine in the P388 screen with good affinity for tubulin. The 1,2-(methylenedioxy)-substituted isomer of cornigerine was considerably less potent in vivo than could have been anticipated from the in vitro tubulin binding data. Several N-acyl and N-aroyl derivatives prepared from deacetylcolchicine showed high potency in the in vitro and in vivo screens. Colchicide was found to be highly potent in vivo, and N carbethoxydeacetylcolchicine, a synthetic analogue of colchicine with a N carbethoxy instead of an N-acetyl function, showed interesting biological properties. PMID- 6620300 TI - 1H-2-benzopyran-1-one derivatives, microbial products with pharmacological activity. Relationship between structure and activity in 6-[[1(S)-(3(S),4- dihydro-8-hydroxy-1-oxo-1H-2-benzopyran-3-yl)-3-methylbutyl]-amino]-4(S), 5(S) dihydroxy-6-oxo-3(S)-ammoniohexanoate. AB - In order to investigate the structural requirements for gastroprotective activity in 6-[[1(S)-(3(S),4-dihydro-8- hydroxy-1-oxo-1H-2-benzopyran-3-yl)-3 methylbutyl]amino]-4(S),5(S)-dihydroxy 6-oxo-3(S)-ammoniohexanoate [AI-77-B, 1], a product of Bacillus pumilus AI-77, nine derivatives were prepared and then tested for protective activity against stress-induced ulcers in rats. Neither the chromophore, [1-(3,4-dihydro-8-hydroxy-1-oxo-1H-2-benzopyran-3-yl)-3 methylbutyl]ammonium chloride (2), nor the side-chain moiety, 4-amino-2,3 dihydroxyhexanedioic acid (4), as separate fragments alone showed any significant activity. Hydrolysis of the lactone ring of the 1H-2-benzopyran-1-one skeleton, to give 6-[[1-(2-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxy-5-methylhex-3-yl]amino]-4, 5 dihydroxy-6-oxo-3-ammoniohexanoate (5), led to a considerable decrease in activity. The formation of a gamma-lactone ring in the side chain, 4-[1-hydroxy-2 [[1-(3,4-dihydro-8-hydroxy-1-oxo-1H-2-benzopyran-3-yl) -3-methylbutyl]-amino]-2 oxoethyl]butan-4-olid-3-yl]ammonium chloride (6), resulted in a small decrease in activity. Selective acetylation at the primary amine position of 6, to give 4-[1 hydroxy-2- [[1-(3,4-dihydro-8- hydroxy-1-oxo-1H-2-benzopyran-3-yl)-3 methylbutyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]-3- (acetylamino)butan-4-olide (7), led to a considerable decrease in activity. Both di- and triacetylated derivatives of 6, 4 [1-acetoxy-2 -[[1-(3,4-dihydro-8-hydroxy-1-oxo-1H-2-benzopyran-3-yl)-3 methylbutyl] amino]-2-oxoethyl]-3-(acetylamino)butan-4-olide (8) and 4-[1-acetoxy 2- [[1-(3,4- dihydro-8-acetoxy-1-oxo-1H-2-benzopyran-3-yl)-3-methylbutyl]amino]-2 oxoethyl]-3-(acetylamino)butan-4-olide (9), were inactive. Selective methylation of the phenolic hydroxyl group of to give 1, 6-[[1-(3,4-dihydro-8-methoxy-1-oxo 1H-2-benzopyran-3-yl) -3-methylbutyl]amino]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-oxo-3 ammoniohexanoate (15), resulted in a small decrease in activity. On the other hand, conversion of the carboxyl group of the side chain to an amide, to give [6 [[1-(3,4-dihydro-8-hydroxy-1-oxo-1H-2-benzopyran-3-yl)- 3-methylbutyl]amino]-4,5 dihydroxy-6-oxo-3-hexanamido]ammonium chloride (10), caused a considerable increase in both activity and toxicity. The findings showed that modifications at the position of the amino acid moiety of 1 significantly influenced the activity and that the 1H-2-benzopyran-1-one skeleton was also required for activity to occur. PMID- 6620301 TI - Synthesis of 3,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinazoline derivatives as potential anticonvulsants. AB - Twenty-three substituted 3,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinazolines or 3,4-dihydro-4 oxoazaquinazolines have been synthesized utilizing 2-amino-3-cyano-4,5 dimethylfuran and methyl acrylate as precursors for synthesis of the required substituted anthranilates. Six additional azaquinazolones were synthesized from 2 aminonicotinic or 3-aminopicolinic acid for comparison studies. All compounds were evaluated in mice with the maximal electroshock (MES) seizure and pentylenetetrazol (sc Met) seizure threshold tests for potential anticonvulsant activity and in the rotorod test to evaluate neurotoxicity. Nine of the twenty nine compounds in the series demonstrated anticonvulsant action. The azaquinazolones were found to possess the most significant activity. PMID- 6620302 TI - Synthesis and antihypertensive activity of some new quinazoline derivatives. AB - A series of substituted 2-piperidino-4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolines was synthesized and screened as potential antihypertensive agents. The hypotensive effect of all the new compounds was studied after intravenous administrations in urethane-anesthetized normotensive rats. The furoylpiperazine moiety in the prazosin molecule could be replaced by a more stable substituted piperidine group without loss of the blood pressure lowering activity. However, the nature of the substituent profoundly influenced the hypotensive potency as well as the duration of the hypotensive action. Some of the new compounds were found to be as potent as prazosin. On the basis of potency and the duration of the hypotensive action in the anesthetized rats, five of the most promising compounds were selected for further studies. Each of these agents exerted an antihypertensive effect upon oral administrations in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. At small doses, the new compounds appeared to be somewhat less potent than prazosin, but at the higher doses of 10-100 mumol/kg, two of them appeared to be even more efficacious antihypertensive agents than prazosin. PMID- 6620303 TI - Methotrexate analogues. 18. Enhancement of the antitumor effect of methotrexate and 3',5'-dichloromethotrexate by the use of lipid-soluble diesters. AB - Lipophilic methotrexate (MTX) and 3',5'-dichloromethotrexate (DCM) diesters were prepared by HCl-catalyzed esterification or by neutral esterification using cesium carbonate and an alkyl or aralkyl halide in Me2SO. The products were tested for in vivo antitumor activity against L1210 leukemia in mice to test whether all MTX and DCM diesters are therapeutically equivalent in this species. Contrary to what has been found with simple primary dialkyl esters, ortho substituted dibenzyl esters of MTX produce longer survival on a q3dX3 schedule than does MTX itself and show a dose-sparing effect comparable to that of MTX at shorter treatment intervals. Thus, MTX bis(6-chloropiperonyl) ester at an MTX equivalent dose of 5.5 mg/kg gave a +88% increase in median life span (ILS), whereas for MTX a +88% ILS required 30 mg/kg. When the MTX-equivalent dose of MTX bis(6-chloropiperonyl) ester was increased to 40 mg/kg, a +167% ILS was observed, as compared with a +100% ILS with 60 mg/kg of the parent drug. High activity (greater than 100% ILS) was likewise shown by the bis(2,5-dimethylbenzyl), bis(2,6-dichlorobenzyl), and di-3-picolyl esters of MTX and by the bis(1 methylbutyl) ester of DCM. The results of this study indicate that MTX and DCM esters are not therapeutically equivalent in mice, despite the high serum esterase activity in this species, and that an up to 10-fold reduction in total administered dose on the q3dX3 schedule is feasible by this approach. PMID- 6620304 TI - Mitomycin C analogues with secondary amines at position 7. AB - A series of mitomycin C analogues with secondary amines at position 7 was prepared from mitomycin A. Eleven of the 20 new compounds in this series were more active than mitomycin C against P-388 murine leukemia, and 2 of these 11 were significantly less leukopenic. The two substituents conferring these superior properties were 4-formylpiperazine and 2-cyanoaziridine. No quantitative correlations could be made among antitumor activities and physicochemical properties of the analogues, although the relative ease of quinone reduction might be related to the good potencies (minimum effective doses) of many of them. PMID- 6620305 TI - Synthesis of aminomethyl-substituted cyclic imide derivatives for evaluation as anticonvulsants. AB - A series of aminomethyl-substituted cyclic imides (II) based on the 2,5 pyrrolidinedione (X = CH2, succinimide) and 2,4-imidazolidinedione (X = NH, hydantoin) ring systems have been prepared. The compounds were designed on the basis of a potential interaction in the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter system and evaluated for anticonvulsant activity. The 3 (aminomethyl)-2,5-pyrrolidinediones were prepared by a dehydration procedure beginning with N-benzyl-2-(aminomethyl)succinic acid, whereas the 3-(aminomethyl) 3-methyl-2,3-pyrrolidinediones were best obtained by fusion of the amine salts of 2-(aminomethyl)-2-methylsuccinic acid. The hydantoin derivative, 5-(aminomethyl) 5-methyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione, was obtained by standard procedures. Although none of the compounds tested showed significant activity against convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), some showed significant activity against maximal electroshock seizures in mice. Possible reasons for the lack of anti-PTZ activity and directions for further testing are discussed. PMID- 6620307 TI - Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-fluoro-8-azaadenosine and related compounds. AB - The synthesis of 2-fluoro-8-azaadenosine (6e) and 2-amino-8-azaadenosine (6d) is described. Condensation of 9H-2,6-bis(methylthio)-8-azapurine (4) with 2,3,5-tri O-acetyl-D-ribofuranosyl chloride (5) produces a mixture of 6a (9-beta-D ribofuranosyl) and 7a (8-beta-D-ribofuranosyl). Standard functional group manipulation, including a modified Schiemann reaction to introduce the fluorine, allows preparation of 6d and 6e from the major isomer 6a. By a similar series of reactions the minor component 7a was converted to 7d and 7e, with the ribose ring attached at N-8 of the 8-azapurine ring system. Structure proofs utilized UV and 1H and 13C NMR data. Compounds 6b-e,g and 7b-f were evaluated in the H.Ep.-2 cell culture screen, and compounds 6c-e and 7d were evaluated in the P388 mouse leukemia screen. Adenosine deaminase data are also presented for some compounds. PMID- 6620308 TI - Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine ribonucleosides as anticoccidials. 3. Synthesis and activity of some nucleosides of 4-[(arylalkenyl)thio]pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines. AB - Ribonucleosides of 4-(alkylthio)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines have been shown to be useful anticoccidial agents [Krenitsky, T. A.; Rideout, J. L.; Koszalka, G. W.; Inmon, R. B.; Chao, E. Y.; Elion, G. B.; Latter, V. S.; Williams, R. B. J. Med. Chem. 1982, 25, 32. Rideout, J. L.; Krenitsky, T. A.; Elion, G. B. U.S. Patent 4299 283, 1981]. In that study, the unsaturated 4-allylthio and 4 crotylthio derivatives (19 and 20) were shown to be more active in vivo against Eimeria tenella than their saturated congeners; therefore, some unsaturated (arylalkyl)thio derivatives were synthesized and investigated as anticoccidial agents. The novel compounds in this study (2 to 18) were prepared by the alkylation of 4-mercapto-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (1), which was prepared by an enzymatic method. The (E)-4-cinnamylthio derivative (2) and the 5'-monophosphate (18) were the most active compounds against E. tenella in vivo. None of the analogues with substituents in the aryl moiety (3 to 13) was more active than 2 in vivo. The geometry about the double bond was important, since the (Z)-4-cinnamylthio derivative (14) was inactive both in vitro and in vivo. The 4-(3-phenylpropynyl)thio and 4-(5-phenyl-2,4-pentadienyl)thio derivatives (15 and 16) were at least as active as 2 in vitro; however, they were less active than 2 in vivo. Compound 2 was effective in vivo against E. tenella, E. necatrix, E. maxima, and E. brunetti; these species of Eimeria were controlled when 2 was given in the diet at levels upt to 100 ppm. Infections in vivo due to E. acervulina were controlled by 2 only at about 800 ppm. The broad spectrum of anticoccidial activity shown by 2 represents a significant improvement over the activities reported for related compounds [Krenitsky, T. A.; Rideout, J. L.; Koszalka, G. W.; Inmon, R. B.; Chao, E. Y.; Elion, G. B.; Latter, V. S.; Williams, R. B. J. Med. Chem. 1982, 25, 32]. PMID- 6620306 TI - Multisubstrate adducts as potential inhibitors of S-adenosylmethionine dependent methylases: inhibition of indole N-methyltransferase by (5'-deoxyadenosyl)[3-(3 indolyl)prop-1-yl]methylsulfonium and (5'-deoxyadenosyl)[4-(3-indolyl)but-1 yl]methylsulfonium salts. AB - Multisubstrate adducts of the indole N-methyltransferase reaction have been designed in which a structural moiety representing the nucleophilic methyl acceptor is attached through the sulfur atom to the 5-(methylthio)adenosine and/or methionine moieties of the methyl donor, S-adenosyl-L-methionine. Indole derivatives attached through a 4-(3-indolyl)butyl sulfide or a 3-(3 indolyl)propyl sulfide linkage to 5'-thioadenosine or homocysteine have been synthesized, together with their corresponding methylsulfonium salts. These compounds have been assayed for their ability to inhibit rabbit lung indole N methyltransferase. The adenosylsulfonium salts (5'-deoxyadenosyl)[4-(3 indolyl)but-1-yl]methylsulfonium perchlorate and (5'-deoxyadenosyl)[3-(3 indolyl)prop-1-yl]-methylsulfonium perchlorate were found to be inhibitors of this enzyme with Ki's of 12 and 44 microM, respectively. Neither of these compounds was effective in inhibiting the methylation of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, catalyzed by purified porcine catechol O-methyltransferase. PMID- 6620309 TI - 2,3-dihydro-3-(1-pyrryl)spiro[benzofuran-2,4'-piperidine]s and 2,3-dihydro-3-(1 pyrryl)spiro[benzofuran-2,3'-pyrrolidine]s: novel antihypertensive agents. AB - A series of 2,3-dihydro-3-(1-pyrryl)spiro[benzofuran-2,4'-piperidine]s (IV) and 2,3-dihydro-3-(1-pyrryl)spiro[benzofuran-2,3'-pyrrolidine]s (V) was synthesized and evaluated for cardiovascular activity. The majority of the compounds displayed good antihypertensive activity in the spontaneous hypertensive rat model at 50 mg/kg po. Compounds 5 (2,3-dihydro-1'-methyl-3-(1 pyrryl)spiro[benzofuran-2,4'-piperidine] ) and 12a (2,3-dihydro-1'-ethyl-3-(1 pyrryl)-spiro[benzofuran-2,4'-piperidine] ) were selected for a more detailed cardiovascular evaluation in the renal hypertensive rat and for standard cardiovascular challenges in anesthetized dogs and the sinoaortic-deafferented dog. PMID- 6620311 TI - Optical resolution, absolute configuration, and activity of the enantiomers of proxyphylline. AB - The enantiomers of proxyphylline have been separated via their corresponding camphanates. Synthesis of (+)-proxyphylline from theophylline and (S)-propylene oxide derived from (S)-lactic acid established the absolute configuration of the (+) and (-) isomer as S and R, respectively. The activity of the enantiomers as cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors was tested in human lung tissue homogenate. No differences were found either between the two enantiomers or between the enantiomers and racemic proxyphylline. PMID- 6620310 TI - 9-acridinyl and 2-methoxy-6-chloro-9-acridinyl derivatives of aliphatic di-, tri , and tetraamines. Chemistry, cytostatic activity, and schistosomicidal activity. AB - 9-acridinyl derivatives of 1,6-hexanediamine, 1,8-octanediamine, bis(3 aminopropyl)amine, N,N'-bis(3-amino-propyl)piperazine, and N-ethyl-1,6 hexanediamine in the form of their hydrochlorides were prepared in high yields and converted into potential hetero bis DNA intercalating diacridines. The corresponding potential homo bis DNA intercalating reagents were prepared by heating the above amines with 9-chloroacridines. The chemical stability of the acridines was examined. Their cytostatic activity against Cloudman melanoma cells, in vitro, has been determined. The strongest cytostatic activity was observed for the acridine derivatives of the tri- and tetraamines. The schistosomicidal activity of selected acridine and diacridine derivatives against Schistosoma mansoni in mice was found to be insignificant. The S. mansoni egg development was apparently suppressed by this treatment. PMID- 6620313 TI - Survival and population density of Aedes triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in a woodlot in central Ohio, USA. PMID- 6620312 TI - Synthesis and evaluation of 24-(isopropyl[75Se]seleno)chol-5-en-3 beta-ol. AB - Selenium-75-labeled 24-(isopropylseleno)chol-5-en-3 beta-ol (4) has been prepared by reaction of sodium isopropyl-[75Se]selenol [( 75Se]2) with 3 beta-acetoxy-24 bromochol-5-ene (3). This new 75Se-labeled adrenal imaging agent shows pronounced adrenal uptake in rats. The concentration of radioactivity in rat adrenals increased steadily from 1 to 24 h after injection and then decreased slowly over the 21-day period. After 3 days the adrenal/blood and adrenal/liver ratios were 85:1 and 32:1, respectively, which are sufficient for adrenal imaging by single photon techniques. After 6 h the adrenal/blood ratio was 17:1 and the adrenal/liver ratio was 7:1. We propose that these ratios are sufficiently high for positron emission tomography of the adrenals. The absorbed radiation dose values to human organs have been estimated for the 75Se- and 73Se-labeled agent. PMID- 6620314 TI - Impaired autonomy and rejection of treatment. PMID- 6620315 TI - The right to lesbian parenthood. AB - The author argues that the minority homosexual section of our population--a larger minority than, for example, the ethnic minorities section--is more often than not excluded by the 'helping professions' from the right to be parents. The author appeals to the lack of scientific data supporting such exclusion and asks that homosexual parents and their children receive the same care from our institutions as other parents and children. Some instances of lack of care are cited. The paper was presented to the 1983 annual conference of the London Medical Group, 'Human Rights in Medicine'. PMID- 6620316 TI - The right to be allowed to die. AB - The unbridled use of modern medical skills and technology in preserving life at all costs has stimulated interest in expressing a 'right to die' by the legally competent patient who is anxious to protect his autonomy. Some recent decisions by American courts are seen to threaten this 'right to die' of competent patients and imply that legally incompetent patients including children should not have this right under any circumstances, even when expressed on their behalf by guardians, nearest relatives or parents. It is argued that this is contrary to 'natural justice' as viewed by most people. It should be possible to develop procedures which are protective of the basic 'right to life' of the incompetent yet will recognise circumstances where they could be allowed to die. This paper was presented at the 1983 annual conference of the London Medical Group, 'Human Rights in Medicine'. PMID- 6620317 TI - Consent, competency and ECT: some critical suggestions. PMID- 6620318 TI - Consent, competency and ECT: a philosopher's comment. AB - By way of comment, I suggest: 1) That the definitions of 'competence' and 'rationality' require some modification. 2) That Professor Sherlock is right to argue that a competent but irrational decision to refuse beneficial treatment ought to be overruled; but in practice it is extremely difficult to be sufficiently sure that the decision is really irrational and the treatment really will be beneficial, except when the patient's life is in danger or he is refusing basic necessities. 3) That in practice the issue is further complicated by such questions as whether there are alternative treatments, whether persuasion is possible, what the doctor's or institution's legal obligations are, and what resources are available. 4) That the presumption should be against coercion, and the patient--however irritating this may be to some doctors--should be considered 'rational until proved irrational'. PMID- 6620319 TI - Consent, competency and ECT: a psychiatrist's view. PMID- 6620320 TI - The hospitalisation of death: should more people die at home? AB - With the increase in the proportion of hospital deaths there is increasing debate about appropriateness of place of death. Death should be a family affair but is increasingly hidden from public view. In contrast to those who die at home, most of those who die in hospital die alone with no relatives or friends with them. Husbands and wives are less likely to have the opportunity to say 'goodbye' to their dying spouses. As people become less familiar with death they may increasingly assume that the terminally ill are better cared for in hospital. However, this need not be the case. Most people want to die at home, most do not for social rather than medical reasons. It is not the illness itself which leads to hospital admission in many cases but its duration and nature--and the type of burden it places on relatives. Although home care should be encouraged where possible, no amount of exhortation to the family or to the dying person of the advantages of home care can disguise the fact that demand for domiciliary services is greater than is now being provided. The paper is based on one read to a London Medical Group Symposium. PMID- 6620321 TI - Can claims for 'wrongful life' be justified? PMID- 6620322 TI - The religious foundations of health care: a conceptual approach. AB - The relationship of religion and health is often misunderstood owing to a tendency to concentrate on the medical model and to ignore the wider context of heath care. A conceptual--as opposed to a historical--examination of this context reveals nine central religious ideas or categories which provide an ethical foundation and heritage for medical practice and health care delivery. These include doctrines of creation; dominion or stewardship; freedom and responsibility; human dignity or sanctity of life; love or compassion; covenant; justice; vocation; and finitude. A discussion of the complementarity of religion and medicine is necessary and should proceed from these shared values and common concerns. PMID- 6620323 TI - Requests for euthanasia in general practice. PMID- 6620324 TI - Genetic linkage between Becker muscular dystrophy and a polymorphic DNA sequence on the short arm of the X chromosome. AB - A study of DNA restriction fragment polymorphisms and Becker muscular dystrophy has shown eight families informative for the cloned sequence L1.28, which is located on the short arm of the X chromosome between Xp110 and Xp113. Analysis of these families reveals linkage between the two loci, with the maximum likelihood estimate of the genetic distance being 16 centiMorgans (95% confidence limits between 7 and 32 centiMorgans). Since a study of DNA polymorphisms in Duchenne muscular dystrophy has shown a comparable linkage distance with L1.28, our results suggest that the locus for Becker muscular dystrophy, like that for Duchenne dystrophy, is on the short arm of the X chromosome, and further that these two loci may be closely linked or possibly allelic. PMID- 6620325 TI - Linkage analysis of myotonic dystrophy and sequences on chromosome 19 using a cloned complement 3 gene probe. AB - Variations in DNA sequence generate polymorphisms which can be followed through families. A cloned gene specific probe for human complement 3 (C3) was hybridised to DNA samples digested with restriction endonucleases. The C3 probe detects several restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) that occur frequently in the general population. These DNA alleles can be readily used in linkage analyses of loci on chromosome 19, since most families studied are informative. The inheritance of one such polymorphism was followed through myotonic dystrophy families. The segregation data for both the C3 protein polymorphism and the C3 RFLP support the linkage of myotonic dystrophy (DM) and C3. PMID- 6620326 TI - The X linked recessive form of XY gonadal dysgenesis with a high incidence of gonadal germ cell tumours: clinical and genetic studies. AB - Five phenotypic females in one family had the genotype 46,XY and all had gonadal germ cell tumours. Studies of the family pedigree suggest that this form of XY gonadal dysgenesis is inherited in an X linked recessive manner. G banding of elongated metaphase chromosomes from two subjects with XY gonadal dysgenesis and a female carrier showed no aberrations of the X chromosome. The titres of H-Y antigen in three girls with XY gonadal dysgenesis were in the male control range. Thus it appears that, in the X linked form, XY gonadal dysgenesis may be caused by a point deletion or mutation of a gene on the X chromosome, which controls the gonad specific receptor for the H-Y antigen. Studies of Xg blood groups were uninformative about linkage of Xg with the X borne gene causing the XY gonadal dysgenesis. Dermatoglyphic studies in the girls with XY gonadal dysgenesis and female carriers revealed high a-b palmar ridge counts and a tendency for the A mainline to terminate in the thenar area. Both of these features have been described in patients with Turner's syndrome. PMID- 6620327 TI - Evaluation of segregation ratio in Wilson's disease. AB - Two problems relating to segregation analysis for Wilson's disease are discussed and a practical solution is presented. A problem in the ascertainment of families with Wilson's disease is illustrated by comparing segregation ratios calculated by the single selection, complete truncate, and multiple incomplete selection methods. The effect on the segregation ratio of exclusion from the analysis of those sibs who had died of other diseases at a young age is also discussed and a method of adjustment of the number of the affected using the data on age at onset is proposed. The segregation ratio by multiple incomplete selection (Weinberg proband method) after adjustment for those sibs who had died of other diseases was 0.243, consistent with the theoretical value for autosomal recessive inheritance. The segregation ratio calculated by the single selection method tended to give a lower value, while that calculated by the complete truncate method was greater than the theoretical value. Recessive inheritance is, however, supported. The actual effect of exclusion of those sibs who had died of other diseases on gene frequency estimation is shown to be very small. PMID- 6620328 TI - Thoracic-pelvic dysostosis: a 'new' autosomal dominant form. AB - A form of thoracic and pelvic dysostosis is reported in a mother and her son. The short ribs caused respiratory distress in the baby and raised the possibility of asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD). The radiological features, however, distinguish this benign condition from ATD and other described skeletal dysplasias. PMID- 6620329 TI - Fragile X trait in a large kindred: transmission also through normal males. AB - In the pedigree reported here two apparently normal males may have transmitted the fragile X chromosome. Eighteen family members were examined cytogenetically. The fragile X was detected in a high percentage of cells from nine mentally retarded members of this family (six males and three females) and in one female obligate carrier. Four other obligate carriers showed no or only a few cells with the fragile X. PMID- 6620330 TI - Chiasma distribution, genetic lengths, and recombination fractions: a comparison between chromosomes 15 and 16. AB - The chiasma distribution of bivalents 15 and 16 identified at diakinesis by a quadruple staining technique including DA-DAPI fluorescence has been investigated in two human males. The study has shown that chiasmata are not distributed at random. Both chromosomes have distally localised chiasmata, but in the long arm of chromosome 15 chiasmata are also found to be localised proximally, adjacent to the centromere. Genetic lengths and recombination fractions have been calculated from chiasma distribution data for the major bands of chromosomes 15 and 16 under the assumptions that there is no chromatid interference, no chiasma movement, and no difference between mitotic and meiotic band positions. The localisation of chiasmata implies much discrepancy in recombination patterns between the acrocentric chromosome 15 and the submetacentric chromosome 16. PMID- 6620331 TI - Cardiac rhabdomyomata as a marker for the antenatal detection of tuberous sclerosis. AB - We report the echocardiographic identification of cardiac tumours in antenatal life in a pregnancy where the father was known to have tuberous sclerosis. This allowed termination of an affected pregnancy in the second trimester. PMID- 6620332 TI - Unusual ocular findings in an infant with cri-du-chat syndrome. AB - A newborn male with cri-du-chat syndrome, congenital nuclear cataracts, microspherophakia, and probably ectopic lenses is reported. Microspherophakia in cri-du-chat syndrome has not been previously described. The congenital cataracts were inherited from his mother who had a balanced 5;13 translocation; the two events are considered to be coincidental and a possible 'position effect' was excluded, since the other members of her family with congenital cataracts, were chromosomally normal. This is the fourth case reported where familial cri-du-chat syndrome involves chromosomes 5p and 13q. PMID- 6620334 TI - Absence of the fragile X in a group of patients with idiopathic mental retardation. PMID- 6620333 TI - Phenazopyridine induced methaemoglobinaemia associated with decreased activity of erythrocyte cytochrome b5 reductase. AB - A 25-year-old woman taking usual doses of phenazopyridine developed her third clinically significant episode of cyanosis. Life threatening methaemoglobinaemia was documented and was treated with methylene blue. The patient and several members of her family showed decreased activities of erythrocyte NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase, predisposing them to the development of clinically significant methaemoglobinaemia when challenged with oxidant drugs. PMID- 6620335 TI - Identification of medical student problems and comparison with those of other students. AB - The perceived problems of 585 medical students were compared with those of 1,110 students in the other health sciences colleges at the same institution. Through the use of a 5-point Likert scale, the students were able to indicate the degree to which each of 83 problem items on an inventory was of concern to them. The inventory included items concerning problems with life situation and school environment, other people, behavior, and feelings. The medical students were found to have the same spectrum of perceived problems as the other students but complained of these problems significantly more intensely on 35 items. Married students as a group responded to the problem items with significantly less intensity than the single students. Analyses of subgroups by marital status, gender, age, and year in school are also reported. PMID- 6620336 TI - The epidemiology of minor illnesses among medical students. AB - A cohort of 126 third-year medical students was followed for a year by means of self-administered questionnaires at the end of major clinical clerkships to ascertain the frequency and duration of the symptoms of their minor illnesses. Students reported an average of 4.36 illnesses per person per year, more than 80 percent of which were upper respiratory episodes. The absenteeism rate was 2.1 days per student per year. A highly significant association between the illness rate and the pediatric clerkship was documented; a less significant seasonal trend of more upper respiratory illnesses in winter than in other seasons was also observed. PMID- 6620338 TI - Practical procedures in internal medicine: a workshop for fourth-year medical students. AB - A series of workshops demonstrating technical skills and practical procedures in internal medicine was conducted for fourth-year medical students. With the chance to observe and in some situations to perform the technical procedures under supervision, the students could become familiar with these techniques before beginning their residencies. Students from 13 medical schools participated. The consensus of the students was that this aspect of their training was neglected in medical school, that the experience was very valuable, and that additional procedure-oriented opportunities were necessary. PMID- 6620337 TI - Teaching biopsycho-ethical medicine in a family practice clerkship. AB - The practice of medicine is inescapably value-laden. Principles, norms, and commitments are the goals which determine the specific decisions and actions of care-givers, patients, and families. Therefore, a disciplined understanding of human values is an essential complement to the biomedical and psychosocial components of clinical training. For medical students to acquire such understanding calls for a biopsycho-ethical model for medical education. Building on a review of medical ethics teaching, the authors describe a method of systematically integrating value analysis into a family practice clerkship. By combining interdisciplinary seminars with clinical experience, both the rigor and relevance of value analysis are maximized. The specific educational and evaluational objectives and strategies are presented for a course in biopsycho ethical education. PMID- 6620339 TI - Development of an internal medicine clerkship by a department of medicine. AB - In this report, the author summarizes the creation and evolution of an internal medicine clerkship in three large teaching hospitals undergoing transition from affiliated hospitals to the university hospitals of a new medical school. The creation of the clerkship has had major effects on the perceptions of both the residents and the faculty of their roles as teachers and evaluators. The methods felt to be particularly successful in facilitating the transition of the hospitals are emphasized: a preceptorship for medical students, monthly grading conferences for students, and evaluations by the students of the clerkship, the house staff, and the faculty. PMID- 6620340 TI - Developing a cancer prevention elective course. AB - A comprehensive course on cancer prevention was developed for medical students at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. This course was developed under a three-year contract with the National Cancer Institute during the period from 1979 to 1982. The course development team was multidisciplinary and consisted of faculty members from the departments of pathology, epidemiology and preventive medicine, and family medicine and the Office of Medical Education. The finished course consisted of 20 instructional modules which can be used individually, in groups, or as a complete course in cancer prevention. During the developmental process, all educational objectives were subjected to intensive review and critique by faculty members from the University of Maryland School of Medicine and several other medical schools. The course was pilot tested as a four-week "minimester" elective, revised, and field tested again. This innovative, multidisciplinary, modular curriculum package is now considered complete and appropriate for use by other health sciences institutions. PMID- 6620341 TI - The use of videotape programs to teach interpersonal skills. AB - Interpersonal skills training evolved rapidly in recent years as teachers began to exploit the distinct advantages of "live" and simulated presentations in videotapes and films as teaching aids. At the same time, psychologists and psychiatrists started to define the basic aspects of interpersonal relations. Many used prepared scripts to produce videotape programs that modeled human interactions. While clinical experience and formal studies clarified some characteristics of effective visual training programs, the impact of dramatic and technical elements in these productions was not fully explored. In the present paper, the authors review the nature of interpersonal skills and the current status of visual aids for teaching human relations and show how videotape productions with characters, a story line, and action sequences can enhance learning. The experience of producing a series of videotapes about prehospital emergency care is used as a paradigm for discussing how theatrical techniques, applied through discrete production steps, can reinforce training goals and appeal to a wide range of students with diverse learning styles. PMID- 6620342 TI - Training the primary care internist to provide care in skilled nursing facilities. PMID- 6620343 TI - Penetrating the information maze. AB - Advances in library science have led to efficient and expedient methodologies for the acquisition of medical/basic scientific information. These advances provide an opportunity for physicians and librarians to strengthen their bonds of communality so that ultimately technology will serve to link them ever more firmly. This opportunity will be realized only if physicians and librarians continue to maintain open communication channels. In this technological age, social scientists are promulgating the message that, in this era of accelerated changes, the beneficiaries of technology are well advised to emphasize interpersonal relations to the utmost. PMID- 6620344 TI - Physicians' views of the teaching and utility of courses in epidemiology and biostatistics. PMID- 6620345 TI - Evaluation of a small-group support program for first-year medical students. PMID- 6620346 TI - Type A behavior and achievement of freshman medical students. PMID- 6620347 TI - The socialization of medical educators. PMID- 6620349 TI - The National Matching Program--1984. PMID- 6620348 TI - Analysis of drug information requested by medical students and house staff members. PMID- 6620350 TI - Parental income of 1981 first-year medical school applicants and accepted students. PMID- 6620351 TI - Spheres of knowledge. PMID- 6620352 TI - Health activities of the U.S. Office of Technology Assessment. AB - The Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) was formed as part of the US Congress of 1972. The 'Health Program' was established in 1975. The purpose of the OTA is to advise Congress on the positive and negative implications of technological change. Since its beginning, the Health Program has spent most of its effort in describing technology assessment in health care and federal policies toward such assessment. A number of specific medical technologies have also been evaluated. Reports on health-care topics by the OTA have had some specific effects in Congress, but the more important impact is probably on the broader climate of opinion concerning medical technology and its benefits, risks, and costs. Technology assessment has become an established part of the Congressional decision-making process and is being used increasingly in countries other than the United States. PMID- 6620353 TI - The assessment of the post-thrombotic limb by foot volumetry and pedal venous pressure. AB - Various tests, such as foot volumetry, static and ambulatory venous pressure measurements, Doppler flow recordings and calf plethysmography, have recently been developed to aid and to attempt to quantify venous insufficiency. This paper describes a simple device for measuring foot volume changes during the prescribed exercise. The foot is placed in a water-bath and the change in foot volume is recorded by a strain-gauge pressure transducer. The transducer responds to the head of water change, which, in turn, is directly proportional to the volume change. Also described is a simple device for the measurement of pedal venous pressure using a standard, commercially available transducer. The methodology of the tests is discussed, together with sample results. PMID- 6620354 TI - Evaluation of infusion pumps and controllers. AB - An evaluation of infusion pumps and controllers is being undertaken for the UK Department of Health and Social Security within the Bath District Health Authority. The technical performance and safety assessments are being made at the Bath Institute of Medical Engineering, and the user assessment at various hospitals in the Bath area. The first batch assessed was constituted of devices which achieve control by means of detecting drip-rate (the Frenshore IC2 and Ivac 231 controllers and the Imed 911, Ivac 531, Graseby Dynamics MP20 and Vickers (DC2 pumps), and the second batch to be assessed was constituted of syringe pumps (the Braun Perfusors ED2 and V1, Fresenius Injectomat 30 and 50, Graseby Dynamics MS16 and its MS18 variant, Sage 242A and its 242E and 240E variants, and Vickers Treonic 1 P3). The results of these assessments were reported in 'Health Equipment Information' ('HE1') 96 (September 1981) and 106 (October 1982) respectively. We reproduce below a review of controlled infusion techniques, from the first report, and extracts of the report of the assessment of syringe pumps. PMID- 6620355 TI - Assessment of the design and performance of the Sage syringe pump model 341A, with particular reference to its accuracy and stability. AB - Consideration of the timing circuitry employed in the Sage pump model 341A indicates that the pump's performance will be strongly affected by component tolerances, and our measurements have confirmed this impression. Thus, delivered flow rates may deviate considerably from those indicated on the calibration chart; our instrument was about 10% slow at all settings. For many applications it will be necessary to carry out a full calibration procedure, which should be repeated following any repairs to the electronic circuitry. The pump also suffered from drift at certain settings because an inappropriate component had been used in the timing circuitry. These findings will also apply to the Sage pump models 240A and 242A, which employ similar timing circuitry to the 341A. When precautions are taken to overcome these problems, the pump's performance is satisfactory for both clinical use and some laboratory applications. PMID- 6620357 TI - Social interactions among preschool handicapped and non-handicapped children. AB - An integrated group of preschool children were observed during free-play using categories adapted from Strain, Shores & Kerr (1976) and Strain & Timm (1974). A continuous recording 5-min time-sampling technique was employed. Neither developmental age nor the presence or absence of handicap were found to be indicators of the total number of interactions, initiations or responses between children. However, children of similar developmental age interacted with one another more frequently than those of dissimilar developmental age. Developmentally more advanced children initiated interactions more frequently with adults than developmentally less advanced children. Wider environmental influences on interaction patterns were also implicated by the findings. PMID- 6620356 TI - Association of renal dipeptidase with the Triton-insoluble fraction of kidney microvilli. AB - Renal dipeptidase, previously identified as a component of renal microvilli, has been investigated to determine its orientation within this organelle. Digestion of porcine renal microvilli with papain released essentially all of aminopeptidase M, an outer membrane marker enzyme from the microvilli within one hour; whereas less than 10% of renal dipeptidase was released under the same conditions. Antibody to purified renal dipeptidase produced 50% inhibition of the purified enzyme at an antibody/antigen molar ratio of 2:1. Inhibition by the renal dipeptidase-directed antibody was not observed when the enzyme was bound within the microvillar structure. Demembranation of the microvilli with Triton X 100 resulted in a distribution of 68% of renal dipeptidase in the insoluble pellet and 32% in the soluble supernatant. The same detergent treatment released 92% of animopeptidase M into the supernatant. These results indicate that renal dipeptidase is not located at the luminal surface of the microvillus membrane where it would be available for release of papain, inhibition by antibody, or solubilization by detergent. Fractionation of the Triton-insoluble pellet with 2 M NaCl resulted in the release of 64% of the peptidase into a pellicle fraction separated from insoluble pellet and soluble supernatant. Finally extraction of Triton-insoluble pellet with 0.05 mM ATP-0.10 mM MgCl2 X 6 H2O solubilized 57% of the renal dipeptidase. PMID- 6620358 TI - Fine motor performance in subjects of subnormal, normal and superior intelligence. II. Reaction time and warning interval duration. AB - Twenty-four groups of subjects of widely ranging chronological ages (CA: 6-21 years), mental ages (MA: 5-17 years) and IQs (30-130) took part in three reaction time (RT) tasks. These differed only in terms of pre-response complexity, the main differentiating factors being the knowledge of which of four light reaction signals (RSs) would be illuminated (the results of the RS effects have been described by Bankhead & MacKay, 1982) and direction of eye gaze during irregular presentation of three warning intervals (WIs: 1, 3 and 5 s). In the first task ('simple' RT) the subject had to respond to a single light at which he/she looked directly during the WI; in the second ('simple-fixed' RT) the subject fixated a point midway between a horizontal array of four RSs, and had to respond to each one in turn in a series of trial blocks, the subject always being aware of which RS was about to appear; in the third ('complex' RT) the subject had to fixate this same point, and respond to which ever RS came on. (In this last condition, probability of onset varied between RSs, and subjects could try to anticipate which RS was likely to appear in any given trial.) Results showed that: i The 24 groups could be economically considered as representing four different clusters in terms of performance, the best of which involved subjects of relatively high CA and MA, the worst of which comprised severely subnormal subjects (Bankhead & MacKay, 1982). ii While subjects in each of the three most superior clusters tended to show relatively long RTs after the 1-s WIs, the RTs of the poorest cluster were longest after the 5-s WIs. These results were discussed both in terms of task requirement and of attentional deficits among certain of the subjects. PMID- 6620359 TI - Mortality and dementia among ageing defectives. AB - From a detailed case-register of the ascertained mentally handicapped in a defined population, 382 individuals were identified with an IQ of 50 or under, and of age 57 or over at follow-up 12 years later. In the 277 patients initially in hospital, case records and clinical examination of the survivors showed a life expectancy and a prevalence of dementia similar to that found in the general population. The 105 individuals originally resident in the community had made little demand upon hospital services over the period. The survival to old age of the mentally handicapped poses a quantitative problem for mental deficiency hospitals, but no evidence was found to suggest that provision of high-dependency care above the level required for the general population is needed. PMID- 6620360 TI - Suppression of pica using brief-duration physical restraint. AB - The present study supported the finding of Bucher et al. (1976) that physical restraint can control pica. However, unlike the earlier study which additionally used a verbal reprimand, physical restraint alone was shown to be effective. Further, this study showed that while all three durations of physical restraint suppressed pica, the duration of 10 s was more effective than either 30 s used with one subject, or 3 s used with the other in alternating treatments designs. The procedure proved simple to use, took minimal staff training time, and required no equipment. During treatment some increase in pica was observed in settings where treatment had not yet been applied but later treatment in these settings quickly controlled the behaviour. Collateral behaviours were largely unaffected except for picking and handling, a precursor for pica, which showed variable changes, with reductions being the only large changes. PMID- 6620361 TI - Estimating length density and quantifying anisotropy in skeletal muscle capillaries. AB - The accurate estimation of stereological parameters defined on anisotropic structures is a long-standing problem. In this paper we seek to estimate the capillary length density JV in skeletal muscle tissue. A well-known model for directional anisotropy in space, namely the 'spherical normal' or 'Fisher axial distribution' model, is found to fit the relevant data satisfactorily. Based on this model, a short-cut estimation method is proposed and illustrated with a numerical example. This method essentially consists in taking the ratio of mean capillary profile counts, as obtained from transversal and longitudinal sections of the muscle tissue, and making use of a table or a graph given in the paper to estimate JV. The conditions under which the methods are applicable and practicable are discussed in detail. Apart from an accurate estimation of JV, an important feature of our method is the possibility of quantifying the degree of anisotropy by a coefficient K (called the concentration parameter of the Fisher axial distribution), which enjoys both a biological significance and a sound statistical basis. PMID- 6620362 TI - Inter-animal variation and its influence on the overall precision of morphometric estimates based on nested sampling designs. AB - This paper provides additional experimental evidence that biological variation between individuals is likely to be the major factor influencing the overall precision and efficiency of nested sampling schemes for morphometric analysis of thin sections. Four distinct experimental systems (two based on nervous tissue and two on epithelia) have been investigated. Morphometric estimates were obtained from measurements made on micrographs generated by sampling tissues at several levels. Sources of sampling variation were isolated so that the contributions to overall variance made by inter-animal differences could be evaluated. In each case, biological variation was the cardinal component of total observed variance between animals. Relative contributions ranged from 53% to 78%. Examining more animals would be the most efficient way of reducing the variance of the group mean in these sampling designs. PMID- 6620363 TI - Morphometric studies of the spleen of the hypoxic mouse. AB - Adult male mice were exposed for periods of up to 7 days at atmospheric pressures of either 72 or 52 kPa (540 or 390 mm mercury). Changes in body weights, spleen weights and red and white splenic pulp weights were compared with those in normoxic controls. Contrary to expectation, spleen weights and amounts of red pulp were greater (in terms of experimental-control differences) in the animals kept at 72 kPa, suggesting that at 52 kPa loss of overall fitness reduced the adaptive erythropoietic response. However, in view of the fact that increased erythropoiesis has disadvantages as well as advantages, the lesser response at the lower pressure may not be wholly disadvantageous. Coefficients of variation of the spleen variables examined showed a tendency to decrease in the animals at 72 kPa, but rose markedly at 52 kPa. This finding was interpreted as indicating that at 72 kPa spleen and red pulp changes are adaptive, but at 52 kPa they indicate an overall relative failure of adaptive mechanisms, with consequent reduced somatic fitness. PMID- 6620364 TI - Refractometry of fungi. AB - Immersion refractometry is based on matching the refractive index of the medium to that of the cytoplasm of the cell, in which case the latter will have minimum contrast in the phase contrast microscope and will practically disappear. The cytoplasm is then said to be at the match point with the medium. Since the refractive index of a solution is related to its concentration by the formula n no equal alpha C, the values for the refractive indices can be expressed in terms of the concentration of solids (g/100 ml) which in fact has been done throughout this work. The properties of a suitable immersion medium, its preparation and interpretation of numerical results have been discussed. Refractometric measurements were carried out on fungal hyphae and spores. The solid concentration in hyphae varies according to their age, physiological state and function. In general the highest values are found at sites of physiological activity, such as growth and reproduction, and may range from 11% to 30% of solid concentration. The solid concentration of mature, resting spores was found to be in the range of 45-54%, with the exception of a powdery mildew spores in which the concentration of solids was 30-32%. The germination of spores is preceded by a fall in the concentration of solids, and subsequent swelling before the emergence of the germ tube. When the solid concentration in pre-germinating spore has fallen to about 20-30%, metabolic activity can take place and germination can occur. PMID- 6620365 TI - Exocrine glands and protein secretion: a stereological viewpoint. AB - The exocrine pancreas and the parotid salivary gland have been widely used as models for studying the synthesis, intracellular transport and discharge of exportable proteins. This article briefly reviews quantitative morphological (stereological) studies which have been made of these glands and assesses their contribution to our understanding of the secretory process. A general stereological profile of these glands is presented and the way in which their morphology changes during development is outlined. Detailed consideration is given to the granule population of the cells, particularly the way in which granules are formed and discharged as a result of secretory stimuli. The membrane content of secretory cells and membrane dynamics during the secretory cycle are also examined. Throughout, the emphasis is placed on the interpretation of stereological data rather than on the methods themselves. PMID- 6620366 TI - Experimental lymphatic metastasis. AB - A model of lymphatic metastasis of cancer has been established by injecting tumour cells into the rat footpad and examining the draining popliteal lymph node. The node can probably destroy only a few tumour cells; thereafter metastasis is progressive and lethal. The tumour cells penetrate the lymphatic endothelium, in the footpad either by moving singly between intact endothelial cells, by destroying the endothelium, or by passing in clumps between the endothelial cells. Tumour cells may then be obtained from the lymph by cannulation of the lymphatic trunk. These experiments pose the question: is local lymphatic chemotherapy useful in treating lymphatic metastasis? PMID- 6620367 TI - Standards for quantitative energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis of biological cryosections: validation and application to studies of myocardium. AB - The preparation of a comprehensive set of gelatin-glycerol-salt standards for quantitation of diffusible ions in ultrathin cryosectioned tissue is described. This set of standards serves two basic functions. The first is to calibrate the X ray analytical system so that peak-to-continuum ratios obtained from test specimens may be converted to elemental concentrations. The second is to provide a known set of elemental concentrations which can be used to check the performance of the preparative and analytical steps involved in thin section biological X-ray microanalysis. The application of these standards and techniques for cryoultramicrotomy and analysis of myocardial tissue also is described. PMID- 6620368 TI - A statistical method for the analysis of quantitative thin-film X-ray microanalytical data. AB - A series of equations is presented through which thin-film X-ray microanalytical data may be characterized statistically. Test statistics based on the Gaussian distribution are than presented, together with examples of the use and evaluation of an empirically derived Mg/Ca working curve. PMID- 6620369 TI - Behavioral and content components of the structured interview assessment of the Type A behavior pattern in women. AB - The purpose of this study was to analyze relationships among (1) the global assessment of the Type A behavior pattern determined by the Structured Interview (SI), (2) the Type A score of the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS), and (3) ratings of individual behaviors and content items in the SI. These relationships were analyzed in a sample of 88 white suburban women. The individual behaviors rated were four speech characteristics and motor pace. The correlation between SI global assessment of behavior pattern and JAS Type A score was only 0.27. SI global assessment was strongly correlated with ratings of individual behaviors such as speech speed, speech emphasis, and rapid motor pace. There was little or no correlation between these behaviors and the JAS Type A scores. For items reflecting the content of the interview responses, correlations with JAS Type A scores were generally stronger than correlations with SI global assessment. The findings for this sample of women are quite similar to results from previous studies of men. Thus, the characteristics that influence SI global assessment appear to be similar for women and men. PMID- 6620370 TI - Emotional reactivity, emotional eating, and obesity: a naturalistic study. AB - Laboratory studies indicate that obese individuals are more emotionally reactive and more likely to overeat when distressed than are those of normal weight. These studies were conducted under highly artificial conditions, however, and their generality outside of the laboratory remains largely untested. The present study compared the emotional reactivity and emotional eating of normal and overweight female college students in the natural environment. Subjects self-monitored their food intake and mood just prior to each instance of eating for 12 consecutive days. The results indicated that obese subjects were more emotionally reactive and more likely to engage in emotional eating than normals, but these findings applied only to snacks, not to meals. Correlational analyses indicated that emotional distress associated with snacks and emotional eating associated with both snacks and meals were related to subjects' percentage overweight. The two groups did not differ on any measure of positive emotions of consumption following positive emotions, nor were these two variables related to percentage overweight. The theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are briefly discussed. PMID- 6620372 TI - Major and minor life events as predictors of psychological distress: further issues and findings. AB - Current trends in research on stressful life events and disease have been to focus upon other psychosocial factors that may be associated with stress and illness relationships. Recently, the study of relatively minor life events or situations (e.g., daily hassles) has provided a promising alternative avenue of inquiry into basic stress measurement and the relationship of stress to disorder. While initial findings in this area of research appear encouraging, several methodological and procedural issues currently preclude definitive conclusions. The present paper outlines several of the most important limitations of existing research on this topic and provides further data taking these limitations into account for the role of minor life events as predictors of psychological distress. The results of the present prospective study indicate that undesirable minor events (e.g., hassles) significantly predict psychological symptoms, even once initial symptom status is controlled for statistically. Additionally, hassles were uniformly better predictors of subsequent psychological symptoms than were major life event categories; potentially important interactive effects (e.g., hassles x prior symptoms; hassles x prior major events) were also tested and their implications are discussed. Finally, basic associations between major and minor events were examined. The findings are discussed specifically in the context of recent advances in this area and more generally in relation to clarifying our understanding of psychosocial predictors of disorder. PMID- 6620371 TI - Patient requests in primary health care settings: development and validation of a research instrument. AB - The development of the Primary Care Patient Request Scale and factor analytic and validation data from four diverse clinic samples are reported. The factor analysis yielded five plausible request dimensions: Treatment of Psychosocial Problems, Medical Explanation, Supportive Communication, Test Results, and Ventilation and Legitimation. The construct validity of the instrument was tentatively supported by the ability of the factor scales to discriminate consistently among the nature of the presenting complaint, the type of primary care clinic, and the marital status of the patient. Establishment of the clinical and research utility of the Primary Care Patient Request Scale awaits further efforts at cross-validation. PMID- 6620373 TI - The effects of smoking and cigarette nicotine content on smokers' preparation and performance of a psychosocially stressful task. AB - This study examined the effects of tobacco smoking and cigarette nicotine content on four dimensions of emotional behavior (peripheral autonomic, electrocortical, cognitive, and overt motor) during both the preparation for and the performance of a psychosocially stressful task (extemporaneous speaking). Three groups of experienced smokers either did not smoke, smoked a low-nicotine cigarette, or smoked a high-nicotine cigarette while they were preparing to perform the speaking task. All subjects reported prior to the experiment that they did experience smoking as relaxing and that they did experience a stronger desire to smoke under a variety of negative affective states compared to a variety of positive affective states. In spite of these verbal reports, however, neither the smoking ritual nor the nicotine content of the cigarette smoked had a significant effect on any of the four dimensions of the emotional behavior studied during either the preparation for or the performance of the task. These results were discussed in terms of previous psychophysiological studies utilizing different types of stressors and behavioral indices of emotion. PMID- 6620374 TI - Presleep cognitions and attributions in sleep-onset insomnia. AB - This research examined the role of cognitive factors (attributions about the causes of sleep difficulties and presleep cognitive activity) in sleep-onset insomnia. Thirty-four subjects, including 13 mild to extreme insomniacs, were interviewed and then spent 5 consecutive nights in a sleep laboratory. In a multiple regression paradigm predictor measures included attribution ratings of sleep difficulty, perceived control of presleep cognitive content, and affect associated with presleep cognitions. Criterion measures included laboratory measured objectives and subjective sleep-onset latency, a score presenting the difference between objective and subjective laboratory measures of sleep-onset latency, interview-measured subjective sleep-onset latency, and degree of overall concern and presleep concern about initiating sleep. The results of multiple regression analyses suggested that the content of presleep cognitions and the attributions of sleep difficulties were significantly associated with several subjective measures of sleep-onset latency or concern with initiating sleep. None of the predictor measures was significantly associated with objectively measured sleep-onset latency. Implications for cognitive theories of sleep-onset insomnia and for the psychophysiologic-subjective dimension of insomnia are discussed. PMID- 6620375 TI - Screening for colorectal carcinoma in Mississippi. PMID- 6620376 TI - Management of leiomyoma. PMID- 6620377 TI - Radiologic Seminar CCXXXI: "poor renal sign" or "poor renal-super scan sign" in bone imaging. PMID- 6620378 TI - Open and closed 5 S ribosomal RNA, the only two universal structures encoded in the nucleotide sequences. AB - The nucleotide sequences of small ribosomal RNA (5 S rRNA) molecules of different organisms are presumably designed to ensure folding of these molecules in some standard secondary structure(s). To extract this message contained in the sequences we have plotted the triangular matrix diagrams of all potential hairpins for 44 representative 5 S rRNA sequences. Subjecting these diagrams to simple image-processing procedures we have found that only five hairpins are universally present in all known 5 S rRNA molecules. Two of these hairpins share the same stretch of the nucleotide sequence, others being independent. Thus, only two major secondary structures of 5 S rRNA can be formed. These are of the well known Y-like (open) form and a novel P-like form closed by the tertiary interaction which involves two complementary stretches four to seven bases long. PMID- 6620379 TI - Structure of the myosin crossbridge lattice in insect flight muscle. AB - Freeze fracture and deep-etching of quick-frozen insect flight muscles provides unusually clear views of thick filament projections in rigor and relaxed states. In rigor, these projections form crossbridges that are deployed helically. The tracks of these helices are left-handed, repeat every approximately 38 nm, tilt at approximately 42 degrees to the muscle axis, and, when viewed on edge, produce the unique "double chevron" pattern of crossbridges that characterizes this muscle type in thin sections (Reedy, 1968). These helical parameters substantiate Reedy's earlier deduction that rigor crossbridges form two-start helices in this muscle. On the other hand, deep-etchings of insect flight muscles relaxed with Mg ATP before freezing do not fit with earlier results. Contrary to earlier thin section views and the expectations of X-ray diffraction, thick filaments in such relaxed muscles display no hint of a 14.5 nm axial periodicity; instead, their projections appear to be very disordered. This suggests that when crossbridges are detached, they are free to "wobble" by at least +/- 7 nm in the axial direction and thus obscure their points of origin from the thick filaments. With the images of detached crossbridges in mind, closer inspection of rigor thick filaments yields no indication of any "extra" projections between the helically deployed ones, i.e. there is no indication of any detached crossbridges in rigor muscles. Thus in this type of muscle, at least, the establishment of a rigor pattern may not involve a "selection" of suitably located myosin heads from a larger population, as is generally thought, but may instead involve a systematic redistribution of the whole population of heads until all of them became crossbridges. PMID- 6620380 TI - Analysis of gene duplication repeats in the myosin rod. AB - The helical coiled-coil region of the myosin rod in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a repetitive sequence 1094 amino acids long which contains 39 repeats of a 28-residue pattern. The repeats are extremely significant when compared with the statistical distributions expected, first for random sequences, and then for sequences with a typical seven-residue coiled-coil periodicity. New and improved statistical tests are used. The repeats are stronger in the first 350 residues of the rod (fragment S-2) than in the remainder. The corresponding DNA sequence of the unc-54 gene shows the same features, but they are less significant when judged by the number of identical bases than are the amino acid similarities, as measured by Dayhoff scores. The rod sequence shows strong evidence for a longer repeat unit of 196 residues, which may be related to the cross-bridge spacing of 143 A in muscle. PMID- 6620381 TI - Structure of the B DNA cationic shell as revealed by an X-ray diffraction study of CsDNA. Sequence-specific cationic stabilization of B form DNA. AB - Synchrotron radiation diffraction data for phage T2 CsDNA fibres have been used to determine the co-ordinates of the caesium ions in crystalline B form DNA. The R value is 0.16 for an optimized structure. The caesium ions are distributed equally between the narrow and wide grooves of B DNA and are located close to the dyad axes lying between the planes of adjacent base-pairs. On the wide-groove side the cations are separated from the nearest phosphate atoms by a hydration layer one to two water molecules thick. In the narrow groove the cations are directly co-ordinated to the base atoms and, for six out of ten possible DNA stacking types, form chelation complexes: O-2(Pyr)-Cs+-O-2(Pyr), O-2(Pyr)-Cs+-N 3(Pur) or N-3(Pur)-Cs+-N-3(Pur), which stabilize the B conformation. The steric properties of such complexes as estimated for different base sequences and for different ions are consistent with the structural behaviour of double-helical polynucleotides with different base sequences, as experimentally observed. PMID- 6620382 TI - A new crystalline modification of the copper enzyme ascorbate oxidase. AB - The copper enzyme ascorbate oxidase, purified from green zucchini squash, has been crystallized at pH 5.4 employing the organic solvent 2-methyl-2,4 pentanediol. The crystals obtained are larger than one millimetre and belong to the space group P2(1)2(1)2, with unit cell parameters; a = 106.7 A, b = 105.1 A, c = 113.5 A. The crystallographic asymmetric unit contains two subunits of the enzyme (Mr = 140,000) and the solvent content of the crystals is 46% (v/v). The diffraction pattern extends to 2.5 A resolution; this crystal form is suitable for a X-ray structural investigation. PMID- 6620383 TI - Actin-myosin interactions visualized by the quick-freeze, deep-etch replica technique. AB - A new method of preparing biological samples for electron microscopy has been used to re-examine the structure of actin filaments, actin filaments decorated by myosin subfragment-1 (S1), and insect flight muscles. Samples were quick-frozen by contact with a block of copper cooled to approximately 4 K; then were freeze fractured, deep-etched, rotary-replicated with platinum, and viewed in a transmission electron microscope. By this approach, actin filaments display prominent transverse bands whose repeat (approximately 5.5 nm) and pitch (approximately 15 to 20 degrees) fit with the expected left-handed "genetic" helix. Freeze-etched actin filaments do not, however, display the usual two-start helix as prominently as is seen after negative staining, and they also appear substantially thicker than after negative staining (9 to 10 nm versus 8 nm). The latter two-start helix appears very clearly after S1 decoration. Nevertheless, freeze-etched acto-S1 does not display the "arrowheads" that are seen after negative staining. Instead it displays the outer envelope of the helically deployed S1, and as would be expected from current models derived from optical reconstruction of negatively stained samples, this surface view looks only slightly polarized. Finally, the quick-freeze, deep-etch approach provides particularly distinct images of the crossbridges in insect flight muscles. These are plentiful and regularly arranged in rigor muscles, but rare in muscles relaxed with ATP before freezing. In rigor muscles fixed with aldehydes, these crossbridges assume a broad distribution of inclination, ranging from 45 degrees to 90 degrees with a mean of approximately 80 degrees, which is less tilt than has been seen before in thin-sectioned muscles. However, when aldehyde fixation is followed by exposure to tannic acid with or without uranyl acetate block staining, crossbridges assume a more acute angle with respect to the fiber axis, centering around 45 degrees. This is associated with a commensurate reduction in interfilament spacing within the muscle fibers, such that tilted crossbridges are not any longer than untilted ones (both measuring approximately 15 nm). At the opposite extreme, crossbridges often become stretched in unfixed muscles, owing to an unnatural increase in interfilament spacing that occurs during sample preparation; in such regions, crossbridges display narrow "stalks", which invariably emerge from the thick filaments at close to 90 degrees. We conclude that crossbridge shape and orientation is strongly affected by different methods of sample preparation, and this will make it difficult to visualize natural crossbridge movements by electron microscopy. PMID- 6620384 TI - Shape and compactness of the isolated ribosomal 16 S RNA and its complexes with ribosomal proteins. AB - X-ray scattering, neutron scattering and velocity sedimentation techniques were used for studies of ribosomal 16 S RNA in the isolated state and in different complexes with ribosomal proteins. The neutron scattering curve of the ribosomal 30 S subparticle in 42% 2H2O where the protein component is contrast-matched, was taken as a standard of comparison characterizing the dimensions and shape of the 16 S RNA in situ. The following deductions result from the comparisons. The shape of the isolated 16 S RNA at a sufficient Mg2+ concentration (e.g., in the reconstruction buffer) is similar to that of the 16 S RNA in situ, i.e. in the 30 S particle, but it is somewhat less compact. The 16 S RNA in the complex with protein S4 has a shape and compactness similar to those of the isolated 16 S RNA. The 16 S RNA in the complex with four core proteins, namely S4, S7, S8 and S15, has a shape and compactness similar to those of the isolated 16 S RNA. The six ribosomal proteins S4, S7, S8, S15, S16 and S17 are necessary and sufficient for the 16 S RNA to acquire a compactness similar to that within the 30 S particle. The general conclusion is that the overall specific folding of the 16 S RNA is governed and maintained by its own intramolecular interactions, but the additional folding-up (about one-fourth of the linear size of the whole molecule) or the stabilization of the final compactness requires some ribosomal proteins. PMID- 6620385 TI - Structure of oxidized poplar plastocyanin at 1.6 A resolution. AB - The structure of poplar plastocyanin in the oxidized (CuII) state at pH 6.0 has been refined, using 1.6 A resolution counter data. The starting co-ordinates were obtained from the 2.7 A electron density map computed with phases derived by the multiple isomorphous replacement method. The model was refined successively by constrained real space, unrestrained reciprocal space, and restrained reciprocal space least-squares methods. The final residual R value is 0.17 for 8285 reflections (I greater than 2 sigma (I)). It is estimated that the root-mean square standard deviation of the atomic positions is 0.1 A when averaged over all atoms, and 0.05 A for the Cu ligand atoms alone. The refined structure retains all the essential features of the 2.7 A model. The co-ordination geometry of the copper atom is confirmed as being distorted tetrahedral. The two Cu-N(His) bonds, 2.10 and 2.04 A, are within the range normally found in low molecular weight CuII complexes with Cu-N(imidazole) bonds. The Cu-S(Cys) bond, 2.13 A, is also normal, but the Cu-S(Met) bond, 2.90 A, is sufficiently long to raise important questions about its significance. The hydrogen-bonding and secondary structure can now be assigned confidently. Forty-four water molecules are included in the final model. Repetition of the refinement, using new data to 1.9 A resolution recorded from crystals at pH 4.2, has led to a residual R value of 0.16 for 6060 reflections (I greater than sigma (I)). There are few significant changes in the structure of poplar CuII-plastocyanin between pH 6.0 and pH 4.2. In particular, the geometry of the copper site is not affected. The observed changes in redox behaviour of plastocyanin at low pH are therefore unlikely to be connected with structural changes in the oxidized form of the protein. A number of features of the molecular structure appear to be directly related to the function of plastocyanin as an electron carrier in photosynthesis. Comparison between the known amino acid sequences of 67 plant plastocyanins reveals 52 conserved and 11 conservatively substituted residues in a total of 99. If three algal plastocyanin sequences are included in the comparison, there are still 26 conserved and 12 conservatively substituted residues. In many cases, the importance of these residues in determining the tertiary structure can be rationalized. PMID- 6620386 TI - Inhibition of enzyme-catalysed reactions by excess substrate. A theoretical and Monte Carlo study of turning points in v(S) graphs. AB - Some difficulties associated with observing and defining substrate inhibition curves are discussed. Then a new method for measuring the steepness of substrate inhibition curves is derived and a parameter, lambda, is defined to measure the steepness of descent from a maximum or steepness of ascent from a minimum in v(S) plots. A mathematical theorem is presented to show how the magnitude of lambda is limited by the degree of the rate equation. Conditions for satisfactory Monte Carlo simulations of enzyme mechanisms are explored and the constraints necessary to generate v(S) curves with profiles in physiological ranges of substrate concentrations are investigated using 16 enzyme mechanisms. The probability of detecting substrate inhibition is estimated. It is shown that there exists a lower limit to the substrate concentration at which maxima can occur in v(S) plots but no upper limit and also that enzyme mechanisms can approach but never achieve the maximum steepness of descent possible for arbitrary rational functions with non-negative coefficients. PMID- 6620388 TI - Preliminary crystallographic study of the Fab fragment of a monoclonal anti phenylarsonate antibody possessing a major idiotypic specificity. PMID- 6620387 TI - Folding of homologous proteins. The refolding of different ribonucleases is independent of sequence variations, proline content and glycosylation. AB - The refolding kinetics of four different pancreatic ribonucleases have been compared. Bovine and ovine RNAase contain 4 proline residues, red deer RNAase has 5 prolines, the enzyme from roe deer 6 prolines. Despite the variation in the amount of prolines, all four proteins show a constant value of 20% fast refolding species UF. The extra proline residues of the deer enzymes do not increase the amount of slow refolding species US. Consequently these residues may be non essential for folding. Despite many differences in the amino acid sequence, the rates if the fast and slow refolding reactions are very similar for all investigated ribonucleases. This indicates that the pathway of refolding has been conserved during evolution, i.e. the positions where amino acid substitutions occur are not critically important for the rate-determining steps of the folding process. A carbohydrate chain attached to ribonuclease does not alter the folding properties of the protein: RNAase A and RNAase B from roe deer show identical refolding kinetics. PMID- 6620389 TI - Morphological changes in the liver of the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L., during metamorphosis: I. Atresia of the bile ducts. AB - The bile ducts in the liver of larval sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, undergo programmed degeneration during metamorphosis. The degenerative process is most dramatic in the middle metamorphic stages (3-5), and is asynchronous, occurring more rapidly in small peripheral biliary components than in larger, medial ducts. All classes of bile ducts within the biliary tree exhibit similar histological changes during regression. The initial evidence of degeneration in the epithelium is a folding of the basal lamina, and this is accompanied by cell shrinkage and disruption of cell order. "Shedding" of microvilli and cytoplasmic constituents then takes place at the apical surface resulting in the accumulation of periodic acid-Schiff positive membranous debris in the Lumen. The appearance of "hyalin bodies" in the lumen coincides with the depletion of intermediate-sized filaments from the cytoplasmic matrix. Numerous, large dense bodies, myelin figures, and autophagic vacuoles are consistently observed in necrotic cells. Following cytolysis, bile duct remnants become ensheathed within regions of fibrosis. Ultimately, these fibrous regions are replaced with cords of hepatocytes. By stage 7, all bile ducts have disappeared. The events of biliary atresia in lampreys are comparable to tissue regression which is associated with normal development and pathological conditions in other vertebrates but are particularly reminiscent of those in human biliary atresia. The unique ability of the adult lamprey to service without bile ducts enhances the value of this organism as an experimental model for studying human biliary atresia. PMID- 6620390 TI - Fine structure of the thymus in the adult cling fish Sicyases sanguineus (Pisces, Gobiesocidae). AB - The structure of the thumus in adult specimens of a marine teleost, the cling fish Sicyases sanguineus, has been studied by light and transmission electron microscopy. Most cling fishes have an outer thymus located beneath the opercular epithelium. A few of them, however, have a large inner thymus besides a poorly developed outer thymus. In the well-developed outer thymus of cling fish there are three different zones: outer cortex, inner cortex, and medulla. The inner cortex is similar to the cortical region of the thumus in other vertebrates, whereas the outer cortex is a specialized lympho-epithelial zone containing cystic cells (also present in medullary region) and true Hassall's corpuscles. In accordance with the development of the thymic parenchyma, the medullary or basal region may appear either like a true thymic medulla or like a subcapsular region. In the inner thymus, a subcapsular or peripheral "medullary" region and a central area (inverted cortex) show structural features like those of the medullary (basal) and deep cortical regions of the outer thymus, respectively. In addition to the above regions, sometimes there is a lymphomyeloid perithymic infiltration that often extends along connective tissue septa into the perivascular spaces of the gland. Reticuloepithelial, mesenchymal, and unidentified types of stromal cells within the thymus are described. Some erythrocytes, granulocytes, and monocytoid cells are found, but no plasma cells nor erythropoietic foci are evident. The probable significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 6620391 TI - The cocoon-producing cells of Eisenia foetida (Annelida, Oligochaeta): a histochemical and ultrastructural study. AB - Type 1 cells of the clitellar epithelium of Eisenia foetida secrete a protein resembling keratin in histochemical reaction. Ultrastructurally, type 1 cells are characterized by membrane-bound, pockmarked granules ranging in diameter from 1.0 to 3.0 micrometers. Immature granules often exhibit an organized microfibrillar substructure. Individual microfibrils are 17 +/- 1 nm in diameter. Type 2 cell secretion contains protein, nonsulfated acid mucosubstance, and neutral mucosubstance with 1,2-glycol groups. The coarsely fibrillar granules are membrane bound and vary in diameter from 0.5 to 1.0 micrometer. The necks of both type 1 and type 2 cells contain a peripheral ring of microtubules, 20 +/- 1 nm in diameter. PMID- 6620392 TI - Size and shape of the mandibular condyle in primates. AB - The relationships between the size of the articular surface of the mandibular condyle and masticatory muscle size, tooth size, diet, and biomechanical variables associated with mastication were studied by taking 12 measurements on skulls of 253 adult female anthropoid primates, including three to ten specimens from each of 32 species. In regressions of condylar length, width, or area against body weight, logarithmic transformations substantially improve the fit of the equations compared with untransformed data. There is a strong relationship between condylar measurements and body weight, with all correlations being .94 or higher. The slopes of the allometric regressions of length, width, and area of the condylar head indicate slight positive allometry with body size. Folivorous primates have smaller condyles than frugivorous primates, and colobines have smaller condyles than cebids, cercopithecines, or hominoids. When colobines are eliminated, the differences between frugivores and folivores are not significant. However, the two species with the relatively largest condyles are Pongo pygmaeus and Cercocebus torquatus, suggesting that there may be a relationship between unusually large condylar dimensions and the ability to crack hard nuts between the teeth. Cranial features having strong positive correlations with condylar dimensions include facial prognathism, maxillary incisor size, maxillary postcanine area, mandibular ramus breadth, and temporal fossa area. These data are interpreted as indicating that relatively large condyles are associated with relatively large masticatory muscles, relatively inefficient mandibular biomechanics, and a large dentition. These relationships support the growing evidence that the temporomandibular joint is a stress-bearing joint in normal function. PMID- 6620393 TI - Intermitochondrial contacts in myocardiocytes. AB - Intermitochondrial contacts are described in rat myocardiocytes. They are characterized by a maximal drawing together (or maybe fusion) of two outer mitochondrial membranes of neighbouring mitochondria, accompanied by a strong local increase in the electron density of both of the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes as well as of the intermembrane spaces. Mitochondrial contacts were shown to connect all the single mitochondria of myocardiocyte. Contacts of the mitochondrial membranes with the plasma membrane in the nexus zone are also found. Mitochondrial contacts are absent from myocardiocytes of 3 day-old rats. PMID- 6620394 TI - Physical stress-mediated enzyme release from calcium-deficient hearts. AB - The effects of physical stresses produced by transient distension of a left ventricular balloon, on myocardial creatine kinase (CK) release and cellular morphology, were studied in Langendorff perfused rat hearts at 37 degrees C. Hearts subjected to 15 or 30 min anoxia, developed anoxic contracture, but only small amounts of CK were released following ventricular distension. In contrast, when anoxic hearts in contracture were perfused with calcium-free medium for 5 min, prior to distension, there occurred a large peak of CK release immediately following inflation of the intraventricular balloon. Oxygenated hearts or hearts made anoxic, but which had not developed contracture, release little CK activity, although they were subjected to ventricular distension after a calcium-free perfusion period. Large myocardial enzyme releases were associated with morphological lesions of widely separated cells, dehiscence of intercalated disc cell junctions, and sarcolemmal membrane damage. Hearts subjected to calcium-free perfusion were abnormally susceptible to physical stress-induced myocardial enzyme release. PMID- 6620395 TI - Sodium current in freshly isolated and in cultured single rat myocardial cells: frequency and voltage-dependent block by mexiletine. AB - Effects of mexiletine on the rapid inward sodium current (INa) were studied in freshly isolated single cells of the ventricular myocardium of adult rats and in single cultured ventricular muscle cells of newborn rats. The current was measured in internally perfused, voltage-clamped cells by a single suction pipette technique. Mexiletine was applied extracellularly. INa was reduced by the drug in both preparations when the membrane was depolarized to -20 mV by short (8 ms) pulses delivered at a frequency of 0.1 Hz from a holding potential of -100 mV. Mexiletine in a concentration of 50 microM diminished the INa under this condition by 70 +/- 8% (mean +/- S.D.) in the adult myocardial cells. A nearly equal reduction of the current (65 +/- 10%) was caused in the neonatal myocardial cells by 15 microM mexiletine. A use-dependent block of INa was produced in the presence of 10 and of 20 to 30 microM mexiletine, respectively, in the neonatal and the adult myocardial cells by repetitive depolarizing test pulses applied at frequencies between 1 and 7 Hz. Prolongation of the pulse duration from 10 to 100 ms enhanced the use-dependent block of INa in both preparations. The frequency dependent action of mexiletine could be modulated by 100-ms hyperpolarizing prepulses from -80 to -140 mV. The time course of the use-dependent block (prepulse off) and unblock (prepulse on) was monitored. The slope of the inactivation curve of INa in the neonatal heart cells was reduced in the presence of mexiletine and the midpoint of the curve was shifted in the hyperpolarizing direction. These findings are interpreted as suggesting that binding of mexiletine to the sodium channel of the rat myocardial cells studied is enhanced when the cell membrane becomes depolarized. PMID- 6620396 TI - Abstracts of the XI Congress of the International Society for Heart Research. London, UK, 11-14 July 1983. PMID- 6620397 TI - Myocardial ischaemia and lipid metabolism. Abstracts of the satellite meeting of the XI congress of the International Society for Heart Research. Rome, Italy, 4-6 July 1983. PMID- 6620398 TI - Program and abstracts of the meeting of the American Section of the International Society for Heart Research. 21-24 September 1983, Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, U.S.A. PMID- 6620399 TI - Response of isolated hepatocytes to organic and inorganic cytotoxins. AB - Thirty-four chemicals-diverse in structure, postulated mechanisms of action, and primary target organs--were tested for cytotoxic response in isolated hepatocyte suspensions from young male Sprague-Dawley rats. Hepatocytes were incubated in the presence and absence of the test chemicals in closed vessels fitted with side arms for serial sampling for up to 5 h at 37 degrees C with gentle shaking under an O2:CO2 (95:5) atmosphere. The parameters evaluated were glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase release from the cells, Trypan blue exclusion, cell count, urea synthesis capability, and steady-state ATP levels. All chemicals cytotoxic in animals following single or short-term repeated exposures caused statistically significant changes in one or more of these parameters in the 0.01-10-mM concentration range. Dimethylnitrosamine and thioacetamide were not as potent in the isolated cell system as expected from their in vivo hepatotoxicity, and the quantitative changes produced with thioacetamide in the hepatocytes were marginal, even at 10 mM. The solvents tested--ethanol, acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and propylene glycol--were without effect. These results indicate that isolated hepatocyte suspensions are useful for the identification of cytotoxins in general and hepatotoxins in particular, but that their capability for yielding a quantitative index of cytotoxic potential for diverse chemical species remains to be demonstrated. PMID- 6620400 TI - Airway cell changes in tracheal lavage of sheep after ozone exposure. AB - We were interested in whether ozone (O3) could stimulate the migration of mast cells into the tracheal lumen. To test this we determined the effect of an acute O3 exposure on the types and relative numbers of cells recovered by tracheal lavage. Seven conscious sheep were intubated with an elongated nasotracheal tube. The trachea between the larynx and the cuff of the tracheal tube (15-20 cm) was lavaged repeatedly with 10-15-ml aliquots (total 350 ml) of 0.9% buffered (pH 7.4 saline, which contained the mast cell-stabilizer disodium cromoglycate (10 micrograms/ml). One hour after a baseline lavage, the sheep were exposed on separate occasions to either air (control) or 0.5 ppm O3 for 2 h. Lavages were repeated 24 h later. Cells were recovered from the lavage effluent by centrifugation across a saline/Ficoll Paque gradient. From part of this material we estimated total cells and total viable cells (with Trypan blue). The rest of the material was recentrifuged at 400 X g for 5 min, and cytological slides were made from the cell pellet. Slides were stained with Polichrome and Wright-Giemsa, and were analyzed by light microscopy. The percentages of epithelial cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, and mast cells were determined from a total count of 500 cells/slide. Differences in cell percentages between pre- and postexposure were calculated both for air and O3 exposures, and these differences were compared. Exposure to O3 resulted in an increased number of mast cells and lymphocytes when compared to the changes observed with air. It seems likely that the increase in number of luminal mast cells and lymphocytes following O3 exposure signals an enhanced inflammatory response and that these changes could contribute to O3-induced increased nonspecific airway hyperresponsiveness and susceptibility to allergic IgE-mediated airway reactions. PMID- 6620401 TI - Hepatic macromolecular covalent binding and intestinal disposition of [14C]dinitrotoluenes. AB - The covalent binding to hepatic RNA, DNA, and protein of a highly genotoxic dinitrotoluene (DNT) isomer (2,6-DNT) was compared with that of a less genotoxic DNT isomer (2,4-DNT) after oral administration to male Fischer-344 rats. Covalent binding to each macromolecular species was proportional to dose (10 or 35 mg/kg) for each isomer, but that due to 2,6-DNT was always 2-5-fold higher than that due to 2,4-DNT. There was no selectivity of either isomer for any macromolecule. The time course of appearance and disappearance of covalently bound material was similar regardless of isomer or dose administered. Little covalently bound material was present until 8 h after the dose. Covalent binding peaked between 12 and 24 h and then slowly declined. The half-lives of covalently bound material were independent of the isomer administered, ranging from 2.9 to 5.0 d for RNA and protein and from 5.1 to 7.9 d for DNA. Both isomers disappeared from the small intestine rapidly, and covalent binding to hepatic macromolecules became significant only after the isomeric dinitrobenzyl alcohol glucuronides had appeared in the small intestine. The concentration of alcohol glucuronides in the intestine declined prior to peak covalent binding in the liver. The data suggest that covalent binding to hepatic macromolecules qualitatively reflects the differences in genotoxicities between the two isomers. The time course of intestinal disposition of the two isomers supports previous reports that suggest that activation of both isomers requires oxidation to the corresponding benzyl alcohol, glucuronidation, excretion in the bile, deconjugation, and further metabolism by intestinal microorganisms, followed by reabsorption. PMID- 6620402 TI - Learning impairment in mice following acute exposure to dichloromethane and carbon tetrachloride. AB - Mice were exposed via inhalation to high concentrations of either dichloromethane (168 mg/l) or carbon tetrachloride (134.3 mg/l). The mice were tested for learning ability using a passive-avoidance conditioning task. Exposed animals were found to have a significantly decreased ability to learn when compared with controls. The 3-wk-old mice were more affected than the 5-wk-old and the 8-wk-old mice. The exposed animals were indistinguishable from controls in terms of motor activity, weight gain, and absence of analgesia. PMID- 6620403 TI - Acute embryopathic effects of ethanol in the Long-Evans rat. AB - Thirty-two pregnant Long-Evans rats were divided into 10 groups of 3 or 4 pregnant rats, and each rat was given a single dose of 4 ml ethanol/kg (20 ml/kg of a 20% solution) between d 6 and 15 of gestation. An 11th group of 50 pregnant rats received distilled water and served as controls. Offspring body weights were decreased in groups of rats given ethanol as compared to controls (3.0-3.6 g, versus 3.9 g for controls). Total litter weight was decreased in dams given ethanol on d 6. Skeletal variants were seen in 13-78% of the offspring given ethanol, compared to 0.6% of the controls. Variations may be considered as additional signs of embryotoxicity. Malformations such as hydronephrosis, pelvic kidney, microcephalus, cranioschisis, and microphthalmia occurred in 72-100% of the ethanol treated offspring, as compared to 12% of controls. Hydronephrosis was most frequent on d 9 or 14, pelvic kidney on d 8 and 11, and microphthalmia from d 10-12. Cranioschisis was maximal on d 7, 11, and 15, and microcephalic offspring were most frequently born to dams given ethanol on d 7 or 14. Skeletal defects were usually single entities, while soft-tissue anomalies occurred in a consistent pattern. These results suggest that ethanol is a stage-specific teratogen in the rat at comparable exposure levels attained by many humans. PMID- 6620404 TI - Estimated intakes of pyrrolizidine alkaloids by humans. A comparison with dose rates causing tumors in rats. AB - Pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning in humans is associated with the consumption of plants containing the alkaloids, either as contaminants of grains or as infusions for medicinal purposes. The alkaloids are carcinogenic in rats but have not been associated, so far, with tumors in humans. For the known instances of human intake of pyrrolizidine alkaloids, the main alkaloids involved and estimated consumption rates have been tabulated. These rates are compared with the dose rates of the same or similar alkaloids that lead to a significant tumor incidence in experimental rats. In the more chronic poisoning outbreaks, the intake rate is comparable with a carcinogenic dose in rats. The long-term observation of survivors of these outbreaks would offer an opportunity for determining whether pyrrolizidine alkaloids are carcinogenic in humans. PMID- 6620405 TI - Comparative toxicity of 1,2,3,4-, 1,2,4,5-, and 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene in the rat: results of acute and subacute studies. AB - Groups of 10 male and 10 female rats were dosed orally with 1,2,3,4-, 1,2,4,5-, or 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene (TCB) at levels that ranged from 200 to 4000 mg/kg, and were observed clinically for 14 d. LD50 values for 1,2,3,4-, 1,2,4,5-, and 1,2,3,5-TCB were found to be 1470, 3105, and 2297 mg/kg, respectively, in male rats. In females, the LD50 values were found to be 1167 and 1727 mg/kg for 1,2,3,4- and 1,2,3,5-TCB, respectively. Clinical signs of toxicity included depression, flaccid muscle tone, prostration, piloerection, loose stool, hypothermia, dacryorrhea, coma, and death. In a subacute study, groups of 10 males and 10 females were fed diets containing 0, 0.5, 5.0, 50, or 500 ppm 1,2,3,4-, 1,2,4,5-, or 1,2,3,5-TCB for 28 d. No deaths or clinical signs of toxicity were observed, and neither growth rate nor food consumption was affected. At 500 ppm, 1,2,4,5- but not 1,2,3,4- or 1,2,3,5-TCB caused a significant increase in the liver weight and serum cholesterol of male and female rats. Hepatic microsomal aniline hydroxylase and ethoxyresorufin deethylase were induced by 500 ppm 1,2,4,5-TCB. Hepatic microsomal aminopyrine demethylase activity was increased by the administration of this compound at 50 ppm and higher in males and at 500 ppm in the females. Rats fed 1,2,3,4- and 1,2,3,5-TCB at 500 ppm also showed a significant increase in aminopyrine demethylase activity. Moderate to severe histological changes were found in the liver, thyroid, kidney, and lungs of rats fed 500 ppm 1,2,4,5-TCB. Histological changes in the tissues produced by the administration of the 1,2,3,4- and 1,2,3,5-isomer were mild even at the highest dose levels. Tissue residue data showed that 1,2,4,5-TCB accumulated at much higher levels than the other two isomers. The results suggest that the position of chlorine substitution can affect the tissue accumulation and toxicity of chlorinated benzenes in rats. PMID- 6620406 TI - Postnatal evaluation of morphological and functional effects of prenatal exposure to nitrofen in the Long-Evans rat. AB - The herbicide Nitrofen was administered to Long-Evans rats on d 11 of gestation (75 mg/kg, po) in an effort to further evaluate its reported ability to induce hydronephrosis and to affect Harderian-gland development. This regimen did not affect the litter size at birth or postnatal growth and viability. Eye opening, recorded on postnatal d 16 (PD 16), figure-eight maze activity (PD 24), and vaginal opening (PD 31) were unaffected by treatment. Lung weights were lower on PD 7 and 35 but not at PD 210. Harderian-gland weights were lower at PD 35 and 210, and 12% of the Nitrofen-treated offspring had missing glands, versus 0% of controls. Hydronephrosis was detected in 23% of the necropsied offspring and was represented in every treated litter. Only one control pup (1.5%) was hydronephrotic at necropsy. Treated pups, regardless of the presence or absence of hydronephrosis, had a diminished ability to concentrate urine in fluid deprivation tests applied on PD 3 and 6. By PD 50, however, treated offspring were not deficient in a similar test unless hydronephrosis was present. Microscopic examination on PD 7 of morphologically normal kidneys showed no treatment-related delay in nephrogenesis. Serum chemistry values evaluated at PD 210 showed no overall treatment effect, but animals with hydronephrosis had elevated phosphorus, urea nitrogen, creatinine, and potassium levels. This study has demonstrated that a single prenatal exposure to Nitrofen alters Harderian gland development, lung growth, and renal development and function. Hydropenia tests applied to neonates detected renal dysfunction and were predictive of hydronephrosis, while a similar test in young adults did not detect dysfunction in morphologically normal animals. The neonatal hydropenia test appears to be an extremely useful tool in evaluating perinatally induced renal dysfunction. PMID- 6620407 TI - Translocation of particles from lung lobes or the peritoneal cavity to regional lymph nodes in beagle dogs. AB - Knowing the clearance pathways from the lung for inhaled materials is important to our understanding of the kinetics of particle clearance from the lung and other defense mechanisms, such as development of immune reaction to inhaled antigens. To determine the pathways and amounts of particles translocated to regional lymph nodes, radiolabeled fused aluminosilicate particles were instilled into specific lung lobes or injected into the peritoneal cavity of beagle dogs and the dogs were necropsied 34, 182, or 365 d later. Individual lung lobes cleared particles to one or two lymph nodes, and specific lymph nodes accumulated particles from one to three lung lobes. Lymph nodes that collected particles from the lung included the left mediastinal node, left tracheobronchial lymph node (TBLN), right TBLN, left middle TBLN, and right middle TBLN. The destinations for translocated particles were primarily the nodes proximate to the tracheal bifurcation. Particles injected into the peritoneal cavity were translocated mainly to mesenteric lymph nodes and left sternal and right sternal lymph nodes, with a small percentage of the particles going also to the left TBLN. PMID- 6620408 TI - Extent of cadmium accumulation and its effect on essential metals in liver, kidney, and body fluids. AB - Cadmium was injected sc into female Wistar rats at a dose of 3.0 mg Cd/kg body weight, 4 times a week for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 wk. Cadmium and five essential metals in the livers and kidneys were determined simultaneously by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Concentration of cadmium in the livers increased linearly up to 3 wk, remained at an almost constant and highest value (440 micrograms Cd/g wet liver) for the following 2 wk, and then decreased. The difference between cadmium in the whole livers and cadmium bound to heat stable proteins was wider during the plateau than during the other periods. Cadmium in the kidneys was close to a plateau after 6 wk of injections. Concentrations of zinc in the livers and copper in the kidneys changed dramatically with injections of cadmium, and the changes were related to the changes in concentrations of the two metals in plasma and urine. Concentration of iron in the kidneys decreased with injections of cadmium. The content ratio of calcium to magnesium was high in the case of liver edema and was suggested to be an indicator. Cadmium in urine was assumed to originate from the liver in the case of high accumulation of the metal. PMID- 6620409 TI - Accumulation and chemical forms of cadmium and its effect on essential metals in rat spleen and pancreas. AB - Cadmium was injected sc into female Wistar rats at a dose of 3.0 mg Cd/kg body weight, 4 times a week for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 wk. Concentrations of cadmium in the spleen and pancreas were determined, together with essential metals, by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Cadmium in both tissues increased even after maximum concentration was attained in the liver. Contents of zinc, calcium, and magnesium in the spleen increased with splenomegaly, while content of iron decreased. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and iron decreased in the pancreas, while concentration of zinc showed a transitory increase. Cadmium in the spleen and pancreas supernatants was mostly bound to metallothionein, and metallothionein in the pancreas was highly susceptible to oxidation reaction. The spleen and pancreas were histologically less affected by cadmium loading compared to the liver and kidney, and the pancreas showed only slight alterations after injections for 5 and 6 wk. PMID- 6620410 TI - Long-term study of the distribution of soluble chromate-51 in the rat after a single intratracheal administration. AB - Soluble chromate-51 (as sodium dichromate dihydrate) was applied intratracheally in rats, after which distribution of radioactivity was followed for 40 d by autoradiograph and gamma scintillation counting. Doses were 0.01 and 0.25 mg/kg in physiological saline solution. After administration of a 0.25-mg/kg dose, lung radioactivity declined rapidly for 2 to 3 d, at which time about a third of the total dose remained in the lung. The radioactivity in the lung was localized mainly intracellularly in the parenchyma. Microautoradiography indicated that the 51Cr was localized mostly in the type II alveolar cells. At the end of the experiment (40 d after administration), approximately 10% of the applied dose was found in the lung. The highest 51Cr quantities and concentrations were determined in the lung throughout. In the blood serum, the decline of radioactivity concentration was characterized by an apparent half-life of 3 to 4 d for the period from 2 to 15 d. The concentration time courses for the other tissues and organs indicated longer apparent half-lives, ranging from 14 to 50 d. Kidney, erythrocytes, and testis maintained their Cr levels for a period of 10 to 15 d, after which the decrease of concentration became evident. The results obtained at the lower dose level of 0.01 mg/kg were largely dose-proportional to those obtained at the higher dose level of 0.25 mg/kg. PMID- 6620411 TI - The influence of urea and cell-surface protein on the behavior of nontumorigenic and chemically transformed cells. AB - Alterations in cell-cell interactions induced by urea and urea-isolated cell surface protein (CSP) were examined using the nontumorigenic mouse fibroblast 10T1/2 cell line and the malignantly transformed MCA daughter cell line as a model system. Both cell lines were exposed to urea and CSP, and contact inhibition was quantitated based on nuclear overlaps. The Abercrombie Overlap index was found to be dependent on cell density, and a new method of overlap analysis was developed based on the regression of the number of overlaps per microscope field on the number of cells per field. Urea had a differential effect on both protein and deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and a differential effect on the overlap regression in the two cell lines. Urea increased the regression coefficient in the normal (10T1/2) cell line while decreasing it in the transformed (MCA) cell line to approximately equal levels of overlap. Added CSP had no effects on overlaps in the MCA line but increased overlaps in the 10T1/2 line to the level of the MCA control, suggesting that the CSP interactions were more specific than the urea interactions. Trypsin-derived cell-surface glycopeptide profiles of the two cell lines showed a difference consistent with previously reported differences between normal and transformed cell lines. However, the glycopeptide profile of the urea-isolated CSP from the normal 10T1/2 cell line and the trypsin-derived glycopeptides of the transformed MCA cell line were not significantly different in the high-molecular-weight region, suggesting that the relative abundance of CSP may be higher in the MCA line, and the fact that the addition of CSP to the 10T1/2 line increased overlap tendency to the level of the MCA line suggested that CSP is an important factor in the modulation of overlap tendency. Urea and CSP may exert their effects on overlap tendency by affecting the integrity or order of the cell-surface components. The increased overlap tendency of the 10T1/2 line in the presence of CSP was not associated with increased cell density. Density dependence of cell growth was apparently not directly related to density dependence of overlap tendency. Many xenobiotics have surface-active properties and are known to inhibit protein synthesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6620412 TI - Fluoride stimulation of microsomal benzene metabolism. AB - Benzene metabolism was examined in hepatic microsomes from male Sprague-Dawley rats. In addition to phenol, a highly polar unidentified component was formed. Fluoride, but not other halides, stimulated in vitro formation of both metabolites. Fluoride did not affect covalent binding of benzene metabolites to protein. Other mixed-function-oxidase reactions, and codeine and ethylmorphine demethylation and benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylation, were not affected by fluoride. The polar metabolite(s) was not retained on either a C-18 reverse-phase or a DEAE Sephadex anion-exchange column. Thus, although highly polar, this component does not appear to be anionic. These results suggest that an enzyme with high specificity for benzene is responsible for microsomal benzene metabolism. Both phenol and the polar metabolite(s) appear to be formed through a common initial step, which is stimulated by fluoride. PMID- 6620413 TI - Effects of enzyme induction on microsomal benzene metabolism. AB - The effect of induction by phenobarbital (PB), beta-naphthoflavone (BNF), and benzene on benzene metabolism was studied in hepatic microsomes from male Sprague Dawley rats. Two distinct forms of mixed-function oxidase activity appeared to metabolize benzene. One form was active at all substrate concentrations in microsomes from control, benzene-treated, and BNF-treated animals, and at benzene concentrations of 0.8 mM and below in microsomes from PB-treated animals. It was saturated at benzene concentrations above 0.4 mM, had a pH optimum of approximately 6.6, and was stimulated by fluoride. Pretreatment with benzene, but not BNF, increased benzene metabolism in these preparations. Benzene metabolism in microsomes from PB-induced rats was less active than in controls at benzene concentrations below 0.8 mM, but increased rapidly at higher benzene concentrations. Further characteristics of the PB-induced enzyme activity were that saturation was not observed at benzene concentrations as high as 4 mM, the pH optimum for benzene metabolism in these preparations was 7.1, metabolism was not stimulated by fluoride, and metabolism was inhibited by metyrapone. Both phenol and an unidentified polar component were formed from benzene in all microsomal preparations. Formation of the polar component was increased by PB pretreatment and inhibited by metyrapone, suggesting that formation of the polar component involves a step requiring cytochrome P-450. PMID- 6620414 TI - The effect of diethylstilbestrol as measured by host resistance and tumor susceptibility assays in mice. AB - As part of a program to develop and validate methodology to measure chemically induced immunotoxicity, the effect of DES on resistance of adult B6C3F1 female mice to various microorganisms and to challenge with syngeneic tumor cells was evaluated. The mice received sc injections of 50 microliter corn oil alone or of corn oil containing the equivalent of 0.2, 1, and 4 mg DES/kg X d for 14 d. Three days later they were challenged with Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus sp. influenza virus, herpes virus, Trichinella spiralis, or B16-F10 tumor cells. Host resistance parameters were mortality for the bacterial and viral systems, expulsion of adult parasites from the gut for T. spiralis, and lung weights for the B16-F10 tumor-cell model. Host resistance to L. monocytogenes, herpes virus, and T. spiralis was significantly decreased following DES exposure. Resistance to Streptococcus sp. was decreased, but not at a statistically significant level following these doses of DES. However a dose of DES at 8 mg/kg X d resulted in a highly significant decrease in resistance to the organism. Resistance to influenza virus was unaffected by the DES. In contrast to the above, host resistance to iv-administered B16-F10 tumor cells was significantly increased as a consequence of DES exposure. These model systems for measuring alterations in host resistance have been indicated to hold potential for the routine screening of drugs, chemicals, and environmental agents for their possible immune effects, both adverse and potentiating. The results indicate the importance of selecting the appropriate assay for evaluating a particular agent. They also stress the necessity for including host resistance assays along with assays to measure specific immune aspects, in order to assess in the intact animal the overall effect of complex immune interactions following exposure to a test agent. PMID- 6620415 TI - Nonneoplastic changes induced in female C3H mice by chronic exposure to diethylstilbestrol or 17 beta-estradiol. AB - The long-term nonneoplastic effects of estrogenic diets were studied in female C3H/HeJ and C3HeB/FeJ mice. C3H/HeJ mice received diets containing 0, 10, 100, or 500 ppb diethylstilbestrol (DES) or 100, 1000, or 5000 ppb 17 beta-estradiol (E2) from 6 to 110 wk of age. C3HeB/FeJ females were fed diets containing nominal concentrations of 0, 10, 100, or 500 ppb DES from 6 to 136 wk of age. Responses of both strains to DES were qualitatively identical. Histological changes in the reproductive tract induced or increased by DES in both strains and by E2 in C3H/HeJ mice included stromal mucoid changes in the vagina and cervix, epithelial keratinization in the vagina, and glandular hyperplasia in the uterine horns. Increasing doses above 10 ppb DES or 100 ppb E2 increased the prevalence and, in some cases, severity of these responses. Dose-responses to DES for these endpoints were virtually indistinguishable in the two strains. At 10 ppb DES or 100 ppb E2 there were minimal or no observable effects. When the nonneoplastic dose-response data were compared with neoplastic dose-response data previously reported, no consistent relation between doses causing neoplastic and nonneoplastic responses was seen for the two estrogens. PMID- 6620416 TI - In vivo and in vitro nephrotoxicity of the cysteine conjugate of hexachlorobutadiene. AB - Hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD), a renal toxin and carcinogen, is thought to require bioactivation to exert toxicity. The chemically synthesized cysteine conjugate of structurally similar halogenated hydrocarbons, trichloroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, and chlorodifluoroethylene, have been shown to be nephrotoxic. Hence the cysteine conjugate of HCBD, S-pentachlorobuta-1,3-dienyl cysteine (PCBC), was assessed for potential nephrotoxicity. Active acid and base transport in isolated rabbit renal tubules was used to screen nephrotoxicity. A dose-dependent decrease in acid and base transport was observed after incubation with PCBC. At 10(-5) M PCBC transport was similar to that in controls, while at 10(-3) M PCBC completely inhibited active transport. In addition, in vivo exposure of Swiss-Webster male mice caused dose-dependent damage in the pars recta region of the proximal tubules (5-25 mg/kg ip). Genotoxicity in renal tissue was studied by using alkaline elution to detect DNA single-strand breaks and total cross-links. No DNA single-strand breaks were observed in isolated rabbit renal tubules after exposure to 10(-3) to 10(-5) M PCBC. However, at 10( 3) M PCBC there was some evidence of DNA cross-links. Therefore if cysteine conjugates of HCBD are formed in vivo, they could account for the toxicity observed with exposure to HCBD. PMID- 6620417 TI - Reproductive toxicology of 1,3-diphenylguanidine: analysis of induced sperm abnormalities in mice and hamsters and reproductive consequences in mice. AB - The effects of 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG) on seminal cytology in hybrid mice and inbred Syrian golden hamsters and on testicular histology and reproductive toxicity in mice were monitored. Treatment consisted of chronic exposure of hamsters and mice to DPG in 0.025% acetic acid ad libitum. Sperm morphology and sperm count, testicular cytology and histology, and reproductive toxicity were monitored 1 wk after exposure. The results show that DPG induces (1) time- and dose-dependent morphologically anomalous sperm in mice and hamsters; (2) significant decreases in sperm count and testicular weight; (3) irregularly shaped seminiferous tubules characterized by the absence of a defined basement membrane, loss of interstitial cells, and limited number of spermatids and spermatozoa in the lumen of the tubules; and (4) reduced fertility indices, implants per pregnancy, and fetal mortality in mice. The coincidence of increased morphologically anomalous sperm and drastic reductions in fertility indices and implants per pregnancy is suggestive of developmental disturbances in the preleptotene and late-spermatogonial cells (5-7 wk after treatment). PMID- 6620418 TI - In vitro toxicity of n-hexane and 2,5-hexanedione using isolated perfused rabbit heart. AB - In vitro toxicity of n-hexane and 2,5-hexanedione using isolated perfused rabbit heart is reported. The hearts were perfused using Langendorf's procedure and modified Anderson's coronary perfusion apparatus. The force of cardiac contraction was significantly reduced following 1 h perfusion with 9.6 mg/l concentration of n-hexane and with 0.35% v/v concentration of 2,5-hexanedione. PMID- 6620419 TI - Distribution and excretion of hexachlorobenzene in bobwhite (Colinus virginianus). AB - After a single dose of [14C]hexachlorobenzene (HCB) via gavage into the crop, the accumulation of [14C]HCB in female bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) tissues occurred to the greatest extent in adipose tissue followed by skin, liver, brain, heart and kidney, whole blood, and muscle. There was a general relation between increasing HCB concentration and increasing fat content of the tissue. Absorption of [14C]-HCB was rapid with peak radioactivity occurring at 4 h in all tissues except for fat and skin, where it continued to rise until 32 and 16 h after dosing, respectively. Elimination of HCB from tissue was biphasic with phase I representing the combination of HCB excretion and HCB redistribution from tissue into fat stores. Phase II represented solely HCB excretion, which appeared to be a first-order process. The half-life of [14C]HCB in tissues, feces, and eggs ranged from 9-13 d regardless of HCB concentration. Radioactive HCB accumulation in egg yolk was a significant mechanism for the removal of this chemical from bobwhite and accounted for 50% of the total HCB excreted. PMID- 6620420 TI - Effect of chloramphenicol pretreatment on malathion-induced acute toxicity in the rat. AB - Pretreatment of rats with chloramphenicol (CAP) (100 mg/kg, ip) 30 min prior to a single oral LD50 dose of malathion (MTH) at 340 mg/kg completely protected against MTH-induced signs of cholinergic toxicity. Pretreatment with CAP also decreased the extent and duration of MTH-induced inhibition of cholinesterase (ChE). It was previously established that CAP inhibits (1) the cytochrome-P-450 catalyzed oxidative desulfuration of methylparathion to the much more toxic oxygen analog methylparaoxon (MOX) and (2) the carboxyesterase in rat liver. Since carboxyesterases account for 60% or more of the catabolism of MTH in the rat, the present results were surprising. Thus it appears that the inhibition of MTH toxicity by CAP pretreatment is attributable to inhibition by CAP of the metabolic activation of MTH to MOX. PMID- 6620421 TI - Differential sensitivity to the delayed neurotoxin tri-o-tolyl phosphate in several avian species. AB - Adult white leghorn chickens, ring-necked pheasants, mallards, bobwhites, and Japanese quail were administered single oral doses of tri-o-tolyl phosphate (TOTP) at levels of 125, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight. Corn oil served as the vehicle control. At 24 h after dosing, half the birds from each group were killed for determination of whole-brain neurotoxic esterase (NTE) activity. The remaining birds were maintained for 21 d. Daily observations for the development of clinical signs typical of delayed neurotoxicity were begun 7 d after dosing and continued for the subsequent 14 d. In both the Japanese quail and bobwhite, all doses of TOTP resulted in NTE inhibition in excess of 70%, yet no birds of either species developed ataxia or paralysis. However, in the mallard none of the doses of TOTP caused inhibition of NTE activity greater than 61% nor resulted in the development of clinical signs. In the pheasant, all doses of TOTP caused at least a 70% inhibition of whole-brain NTE activity, yet only birds receiving 500 and 1000 mg/kg developed clinical signs. In the chicken, all TOTP doses caused inhibition of NTE in excess of 80%, and all doses resulted in clinical signs typical of delayed neurotoxicity. PMID- 6620422 TI - Method for removing the ferruginous coating from asbestos bodies. AB - A new technique for removing the ferruginous coating from ferruginous bodies is described. The tissue from occupationally exposed individuals was digested in bleach and the material collected on a Nucleopore filter. The ferruginous bodies were localized by light microscopy and either cleaned on the marked filter or transferred to a marked area on a clean filter. The chemical treatment consisted of an 8% oxalic acid bath used at various temperatures. It was determined that at 75 degrees C the reaction resulted in removal of the ferruginous coat, leaving an exposed core for further analysis. This procedure overcomes the previous analytical problems of core analysis caused by the ferruginous coating. PMID- 6620423 TI - Extraction of copper and zinc from rubber and silicone stoppers. AB - Drugs and other chemicals are often administered in the drinking water of laboratory animals, and bottles for this purpose usually have rubber stoppers. We studied the ability of solutions of several drugs to extract copper and zinc from rubber and silicone stoppers. Water and isoniazid extracted little copper or zinc from rubber stoppers, whereas EDTA, ethambutol, tetracycline, and chlorpromazine generally extracted considerable quantities of copper and zinc from these stoppers. Neither water nor solutions of the above drugs extracted copper or zinc from silicone stoppers. We routinely use silicone stoppers on water bottles when conducting laboratory studies requiring administration of drugs, toxins, or nutrients in the drinking water. PMID- 6620425 TI - Influence of chlorpromazine administered to rat dams in the peripartum and nursing periods on the learning behavior of the second generation. AB - Behavioral teratogenicity of chlorpromazine (CPZ) was studied in rats by observing the spontaneous motor activity level and learning behavior of light dark discrimination in the second generation. The dams were treated with CPZ from day 17 of gestation to postpartum day 21 at doses of 2 mg/kg sc. once daily in one group and 4 mg/kg sc. twice daily in the other. The activity level of F1 was measured at 6 to 7 weeks of age for 68 hrs by a magnetic field counter. The learning experiments were started at 5 weeks of age in one group and 15 weeks of age in the other on the behaviors of the continuous food reinforcement at the beginning, then the light-dark discrimination, and finally the reversal discrimination learning. As the results, no influence of the CPZ treatment was observed in the activity level and learning behaviors of the continuous food reinforcement and light-dark discrimination. But, in the reversal learning of the light-dark discrimination an impairment or delay was observed in some F1 of the CPZ groups. Thus, the significance of observing reversal learning behavior in the assessment of the behavioral teratogenicity of drugs has been shown. PMID- 6620424 TI - Detection of nitroaromatic compounds on coal combustion particles. AB - Mutagenic and nonmutagenic extracts of fly ash from fluidized bed combustion were analyzed to determine the compounds responsible for the direct mutagenic activity (mutagenic activity that does not require added metabolic enzymes in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay). Some nitro derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which are direct acting mutagens were detected by tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Treatment of a mutagenic and a nonmutagenic extract with excess N2O4 resulted in 28- and 3200-fold increases, respectively, in direct mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98 and an increase in the relative abundance of nitroaromatic compounds. Polycyclic aromatic compounds were also detected and tentatively identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Since, previous studies have shown that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may react with NO2 to form direct-acting mutagens, it appears that the direct-acting mutagens in these fly ash extracts may be products of reactions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with NOX in the combustion gases. PMID- 6620426 TI - The recovery period of the taste responses of rat chorda tympani after application of toothpaste. AB - The recovery period of the taste responses of rat chorda tympani after application of toothpaste was examined. The response observations of four kinds of essential taste stimuli, 0.1 M sodium chloride, 0.005 M quinine hydrochloride, 1.0 M sucrose, and 0.05 M tartaric acid, were repeated every 2 or 5 minutes. After five observations of summated responses of the chorda tympani with each taste stimulus, a toothpaste solution diluted 3 to 1 was applied to rat tongues for 3 minutes and then they were washed with distilled water for 1.5 minutes. Thereafter, observations of the responses to each taste stimulus were repeated at 2 or 5 minute intervals for 30 or 60 minutes. The responses caused by four kinds of essential taste stimuli became smaller immediately after application of toothpaste, and then gradually returned to normal. The same experimental procedure was also applied using an application of distilled water instead of an application of toothpaste to rat tongues. A t-test was performed between the response ratios after application of toothpaste and those after application of distilled water. Significant differences disappeared at 18 minutes after application on the 0.1 M sodium chloride stimulus, at 23 minutes on the 0.005 M quinine hydrochloride stimulus, at 15 minutes on the 1.0 M sucrose stimulus, and at 15 minutes on the 0.05 M tartaric acid stimulus. The authors estimated that all kinds of taste responses recovered within at least 50 minutes. PMID- 6620427 TI - Paraquat-induced enhancement of vascular permeability. AB - Paraquat, intradermally injected in the dorsal skin of rats, demonstrated three phasic actions; enhancement of vascular permeability within 30 min (Phase I) and at 6-24 hr after the injection (Phase II) by dye leakage method and bleeding in skin at 2-7 days after the injection (Phase III). Phase I was induced in the presence of paraquat in the skin. However, phases II and III occurred in the absence of paraquat. Morphological study indicated inflammatory observations such as infiltration of mononuclear cells and swelling of venular endothelial cells throughout these three phases. And the most severe morphological changes occurred in phase II. Aspirin, indomethacin, tripelennamine and dexamethasone decreased dye leakage but superoxide dismutase increased it in phase I. These drugs including superoxide dismutase decreased dye leakage in phase II. Bleeding in phase III was decreased by the administration of aspirin and indomethacin. Because of higher effective dose of indomethacin used in this experiment as compared with a clinical dose, aspirin seemed among drugs examined in our experimental models to be the most potent drug that depressed the progression of paraquat-induced enhancement of permeability. PMID- 6620428 TI - A simple technique for repeated blood collection from the tail vein of the rat. AB - A practical technique was described for collecting blood sample periodically from a conscious rat. Blood obtained from a tail vein, warmed for 10 seconds in water bath (at 50 degrees C), by inserting of a 22 G needle from which the adapter was cut off. Using this method, the influence of phlebotomy on hematologic parameters was determined. This technique was simple, easy, and reliable, and required no special skill and equipment. PMID- 6620429 TI - Factors in manifestation of developmental abnormalities of the central nervous system by environmental agents. AB - The developing brain can be regarded as one the embryonic and fetal structures most susceptible to teratogenic insults, because of its longlasting sensitive period, a great vulnerability of the undifferentiated neural cells and no further reproductive capacity of neurons. Among the factors in manifestation of brain malformations, developmental stage-dependent susceptibility to teratogens and sensitive period for teratogenesis are the most important one which characterize developmental toxicity. The mammalian proliferating matrix cells in the developing brain are particularly sensitive to teratogenic insults at the time when the matrix cells start to differentiate into cortical neuron. As the factors determining the vulnerability of matrix cells, proliferative and metabolic state, restoration capacity and phase of chemical differentiation prior to actual differentiation were discussed. PMID- 6620430 TI - Changes in red blood cell transmembrane potential, electrolytes, and energy content in septic shock. AB - Septic shock was induced in adult baboons by the infusion of live Escherichia coli. A progressive derangement in skeletal muscle cell function was documented by the direct measurement of declining transmembrane potential difference (PD). A concurrent depolarization of the red blood cell (RBC) was characterized by cellular uptake of chloride, sodium, and water, and loss of potassium. The decrease in RBC PD was significantly greater than the change predicted to occur from acidosis alone. These findings are compatible with changes in membrane permeability and decreased active transport. The continuous accumulation of RBC adenosine triphosphate during shock suggests decreased energy utilization rather than decreased energy production as a factor leading to diminished active ion transport. PMID- 6620431 TI - Multiple organ failure in polytrauma patients. AB - To determine limitations in survival and problems of single and multiple organ failure (SOF, MOF) following trauma in Bavaria, we reviewed 433 consecutive patients with multiple injuries treated at the Klinikum Grosshadern from 1978 through 1982. Most patients were young and were injured in traffic accidents. The overall mortality was 18% (78 deaths): 38 deaths were due to CNS injuries (49%), six from miscellaneous causes (7%), 15 associated with SOF (19%), and 19 associated with MOF (25%). There were 50 patients with SOF and 34 with MOF. Two MOF patterns were found: a rapid single-phase (15 patients) due to trauma and shock; and a delayed two-phase MOF (19 patients) due to trauma, shock, and sepsis. Mortality for the MOF group was 56%. The lung was the predominant organ to fail represented in all SOF and MOF cases. Cimetidine and pirenzipin prevented stress bleeding in all but four patients. Significant factors leading to MOF were shock, massive blood transfusions, sepsis, and errors in treatment. The temporal sequence of organ failure was lung, clotting system, kidney, and liver. Sepsis was ultimately the cause of death in eight MOF patients (42%). Earlier pulmonary and cardiovascular support beginning at the scene of the accident, and prevention and better treatment of head injury, respiratory failure, and sepsis are critical factors for increasing survival after injury. PMID- 6620432 TI - Calcium blockers in cerebral resuscitation. AB - Recent studies on cerebral resuscitation following an ischemic anoxic insult suggest that both inadequate reperfusion and direct neuronal death are partially initiated by calcium entry into vascular smooth muscle and neurons. To investigate the effects of calcium blocking agents on cerebral resuscitation, a controlled perfusion arrest model with cardiopulmonary bypass was used. Post resuscitation regional cerebral cortical blood flow (rCCBF) and intracranial pressures (ICP) were monitored in five control dogs and in 12 study dogs resuscitated after a prolonged (20-minute) cardiac arrest. The resuscitation included dexamethasone and three agents thought to be calcium entry antagonists and to offer potential cerebral protection after complete prolonged cerebral ischemic anoxia. Prearrest rCCBF measured by a thermal dilution method with a thermistor placed on the cerebral cortex was 2.0 +/- 0.6 (S.D.) ml/gm/min on bypass at 100 mm Hg mean arterial pressure. Twenty minutes after resuscitation was begun, the rCCBF in ml/min/gm were: controls 1.1 +/- 0.3; dexamethasone (2 mg/kg) 1.2 +/- 0.4; MgSO4 (100 mg/kg) 1.8 +/- 0.5; verapamil (0.15 mg/kg) 1.9 +/- 0.4; and lidoflazine (1 mg/kg) 1.5 +/- 0.3. Ninety minutes following the beginning of resuscitation the rCCBF were: controls 0.1 +/- 0.1; dexamethasone 0.1 +/- 0.1; MgSO4, 1.7 +/- 0.3; verapamil, 1.9 +/- 0.4; and lidoflazine, 1.5 +/- 0.3 ml/gm/min. Thus the Ca2+ entry antagonists maintained cerebral blood flow at 20 and 90 minutes following a prolonged ischemic anoxic insult. Dexamethasone was no better than control. These data suggest that calcium entry blockers can maintain rCCBF and may have a significant role in cerebral resuscitation following cardiac arrest. PMID- 6620433 TI - Response of traumatized splenectomized patients to immediate vaccination with polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine. AB - In recent years the syndrome of overwhelming post-splenectomy sepsis has been increasingly reported in adults. Since more than 50% of these infections are caused by pneumococcus these post-splenectomy patients are considered a suitable group to receive the pneumococcal vaccine. Previous studies of the response obtained in post-splenectomy patients have been conflicting and we found no study that looked at the response to immediate vaccination in this group of patients. Sixteen consecutive multitraumatized patients received polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine 0.5 ml IM within 72 hours of splenectomy and 10 normal controls were given 0.5 cc polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine. Patients received an average of 19.2 units of blood and blood products; seven were on steroids for concomitant head injury. Antibody was measured by the radioimmune assay. Most of the subjects of both groups responded to at least seven of the 12 measured antigens and no patient in the control group and only one in the splenectomized group responded to all 12 antigens. When rate of response to individual serotypes was compared no difference was found between the two groups. Comparison of geometric mean fold rise and fold rise between the two groups for each of the 12 serotypes revealed essentially no difference. We conclude the response to polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine among polytrauma splenectomized patients is similar to that of normal controls, and that the vaccine can be administered immediately post-splenectomy. PMID- 6620434 TI - The microclimate chamber: the effect of continuous topical administration of 96% oxygen and 75% relative humidity on the healing rate of experimental deep burns. AB - The healing rate of small experimental burns continuously treated topically with 96% O2 and 75% relative humidity was followed for 25 days. Serial image photographic magnifications (tenfold throughout) of the wounds enabled precise measurements of their size by means of a polar planimeter. Healing rate was expressed as decreased percentile of wound size on a given day compared to the initial area. The mean percentages of healing +/- SEM of the humidified O2 treated wounds on postburn days 6, 11, and 16 were 31.25 +/- 6.15, 82.09 +/- 3.52, and 98.29 +/- 1.46, respectively, and those for the control wounds were 7.08 +/- 2.20, 47.68 +/- 3.39, and 84.41 +/- 1.38, respectively. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences in the healing rate between O2 humidity-treated and control wounds (p less than 0.005). The results indicate that topical treatment with 96% O2 and 75% relative humidity improved healing of experimental burns in guinea pigs. PMID- 6620435 TI - Outpatient management of 357 gunshot wounds to the chest. AB - There is, at present, little literature to guide one in the management of a patient with a gunshot wound to the chest with normal vital signs, physical examination, and as a normal chest X-ray. The present study followed up 357 patients as outpatients at 48 hours, then 1 and 3 months. No major complications developed. Minor complications included chronic wound pain, chronic wound swelling, and the uncomfortable sensation of being able to palpate one's own subcutaneous bullet. The wound infection rate was only 1.5% with or without antibiotics, showing that prophylactic antibiotics are probably not warranted if good surgical wound care is practised. We conclude that patients with gunshot wounds to the chest with normal vital signs, physical examinations, and normal X rays can be reasonably treated as outpatients after 4 hours of observation, at the physician's discretion. PMID- 6620436 TI - Hepatic perfusion and splanchnic oxygen consumption in patients postinjury. AB - Hepatic dysfunction following injury is felt to be due to hepatic ischemia. To test this hypothesis we measured hepatic blood flow (HBF) and splanchnic oxygen delivery and consumption in nine multiply injured patients. HBF, measured by indocyanine green clearance, was 0.4 +/- 0.1 L/min/m2 12 hours after injury. It steadily increased to 1.3 +/- 0.1 L/min/m2 by 1 week after injury. Changes in cardiac output were similar and were due largely to changes in HBF. Hepatic hypoperfusion was correlated with subsequent increases in serum bilirubin. High oxygen consumption was associated with high HBF and oxygen delivery, and splanchnic oxygen consumption became a large fraction (range, 21-67%) of total body oxygen consumption. Although splanchnic oxygen delivery was diminished with low HBF, splanchnic oxygen consumption remained normal (37 +/- 2 ml/min/m2) due to increased oxygen extraction. We conclude that hepatic blood flow is markedly reduced after injury. Reduced HBF is correlated with liver dysfunction although normal splanchnic oxygen consumption is maintained. PMID- 6620437 TI - Thoracic and abdominal injuries in skiers: the role of air evacuation. AB - The increasing popularity of skiing as a recreational sport has resulted in a greater number of major thoracic and abdominal injuries. These injuries, unlike the more common orthopedic injuries, are often life threatening. This 8-year study reviews 44 thoracic and abdominal ski injuries managed at an urban trauma center since the inception of a helicopter air evacuation program with in-flight resuscitation capabilities. Twenty-five per cent of the injured had signs of hemorrhagic shock, and nearly 60% required a major operation. The injuries were caused by high-speed collisions with stationary objects or other skiers and by falls. Three were penetrating injuries. Organs injured were: heart, lung, kidney, spleen, liver, rectum and abdominal wall, and more than half were multiple injuries. Almost half had associated orthopedic trauma. Resuscitation was initiated on helicopter arrival in these seriously injured patients (78% of helicopter-transported patients came to operation), and apparently contributed to the low mortality of 4.5%. PMID- 6620438 TI - Standards of care for the critically injured pediatric patient. PMID- 6620439 TI - Gastrointestinal decontamination. PMID- 6620441 TI - Experimental assessment of the protective activity of diazepam on the acute toxicity of chloroquine. AB - The dose of diazepam that reduces the mortality rate of acute intoxications with chloroquine was determined: The oral LD 50 of chloroquine (330 mg/kg) was administered and immediately thereafter diazepam was injected intraperitoneally to male and female rats at dose levels of 2.5, 7.5, 20, 55, and 148 mg/kg. An untreated group served as control. A significant decrease of the mortality rate was observed at the dose levels 7.5, 20, and 55 mg/kg with optimal effect at 20 mg/kg. This mortality rate was analysed by analysis of variance. The occurrence of two types of symptoms: convulsions and respiratory disturbances was analysed by the chi square method. PMID- 6620440 TI - Relative acute cardiovascular toxicity induced by maprotiline, mianserin and nomifensine in conscious rabbits. AB - The relative acute cardiovascular toxicity among three novel antidepressants: maprotiline, mianserin and nomifensine, has been assessed in conscious rabbits ip injected at 50 mg/kg, throughout a 150 min observation period. No death was observed in mianserin rabbits (n = 6), but 3 in the maprotiline rabbits (n = 8) and 1 death in the nomifensine group (n = 8), within the 2 hours. Cardiac output and renal blood flow were determined by the radioactive Sephadex microspheres method. Cardiac output values were significantly lowered (-29%) at 120 min only in mianserin rabbits, whereas renal blood flow values were reduced by 46.8% (mianserin, 35.8% (maprotiline) and 28% (nomifensine) at 120 min. In mianserin and maprotiline rabbits left ventricular pressure and mean arterial pressure fell significantly, but remained unchanged in nomifensine group. ECG disturbances consisting of ventricular and supraventricular extrasystoles were seen in all the injected rabbits, but QRS widening and right bundle branch block were solely observed after maprotiline and mianserin. Nomifensine rabbits experienced severe seizures with hypocapnia and metabolic acidosis. The drug myocardial/plasma ratio ranged between 59.3 (maprotiline) 13.25 (mianserin) and 0.92 (nomifensine). A rise in plasma catecholamines (epinephrine) was documented after mianserin but not after nomifensin and maprotiline. Nomifensine exhibited much lesser cardiotoxicity than mianserin and maprotiline at this dose (50 mg/kg), but induced more convulsions. PMID- 6620442 TI - Cyclobenzaprine overdosage. AB - The clinical findings in three patients who ingested 260-900 mg cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) consisted of delayed onset and long duration of anticholinergic symptomatology. In two of these patients, symptoms responded to treatment with physostigmine. The third patient recovered without specific therapy. Despite its structural similarity to amitriptyline, cyclobenzaprine overdosage did not result in coma, seizures, or cardiac toxicity. The pharmacological properties of cyclobenzaprine may account for the observed toxicity. PMID- 6620444 TI - Laser bronchoscopic surgery. AB - Endoscopic laser bronchoscopy can be used to effectively palliate patients with compromised airways. The CO2 laser was utilized with a ventilating bronchoscope. This form of endoscopic surgery has the advantage of less postoperative edema, better hemostasis, more accurate tumor vaporization, and shortened operating time. Between 1975-79 33 laser bronchoscopies were carried out for airway obstruction. Palliation was achieved in most cases. Complications included intra operative bleeding, tissue fragment occlusion of the airway, and an endotracheal fire. Laser bronchoscopy should be avoided in the presence of widespread metastatic disease, poorly differentiated or rapidly growing tumors, extrinsic tumor compression, or highly vascular tumors. A preliminary report is presented on the soft tissue effects of the argon laser, passed through a flexible coaxial cable in the canine trachea. Multiple transmural lesions were created. The use of the argon laser in the field of bronchoscopy remains controversial. PMID- 6620443 TI - Foreign bodies in the tracheobronchial tree--a retrospective study of 217 cases. AB - This is a retrospective study of 217 cases of foreign body in the tracheobronchial tree. The diagnostic techniques, current management, and statistics related to sex, age, yearly incidence, duration of symptoms, nature of foreign body, location, and duration of hospitalization are discussed. The most common complications resulting from a foreign body in the tracheobronchial tree were atelectasis, subglottic stenosis, and pneumonia. PMID- 6620445 TI - The otolaryngologist and flexible fiberoptics: photographic considerations. AB - The ability to document normal and pathological anatomy is of paramount concern to all medical and surgical practitioners. Until recently the otolaryngologist was forced to resort to the use of clumsy and expensive procedures, frequently requiring the use of general anesthesia in order to obtain endoscopic photodocumentation. The author describes a simple technique, using standard flexible fiberoptic nasopharyngolaryngoscopes, standard light sources, and standard photographic processing which enable the otolaryngologist to obtain high quality transparencies and prints of the tympanic membrane, the internal nose (anterior and posterior), the nasopharynx, the hypopharynx, and the larynx. PMID- 6620446 TI - Myringoplasty in children. AB - The fact that myringoplasty in children is relatively less satisfactory than in adults, motivated us to perform a retrospective study, gathering material on 53 children aged 4-12 years who underwent 68 operations to determine if any pre operative or intra-operative parameters might predict the outcome of surgery. Results show that the overall success rate of Type I tympanoplasty was 78%, and that the majority of failures occurred later in the follow-up course. Furthermore, age and technique of operations played the most important roles in the results. The status of the non-operated ear did not influence the surgical outcome. Finally, revision myringoplasty was equally as successful as the primary operations. PMID- 6620447 TI - The role of tracheostomy in otolaryngological practice in a developing country. AB - An analysis of 155 tracheostomies performed over a period of six years in a teaching hospital in a developing country is presented in this paper. It is a follow-up of an earlier analysis of such procedures performed in the same hospital. Tetanus has established itself as the main indication for tracheostomy while other conditions such as laryngotracheobronchitis, which was the leading indication a decade ago, have been treated more successfully as a result of other better and non-invasive management. A continuing analysis of the indication for and mortality attending tracheostomy is considered important as it gives an indication of the quality of health care delivery in developing countries. PMID- 6620448 TI - Electrocochleography in the child--a 300 case study. AB - A retrospective study of electrocochleography in 300 children is presented. A comparative study of ECoG thresholds vs subjective thresholds in 84 patients puts in evidence a very good correlation between electrophysiologic tests and conventional hearing tests. Furthermore this study demonstrates the use of broad band click as a valid diagnostic procedure. PMID- 6620449 TI - Extranodal malignant lymphomas of the head and neck. AB - The management of primary extranodal lymphomas of the head and neck at The Princess Margaret Hospital is reviewed. This manner of presentation is uncommon and particularly rare in Hodgkin's disease. As with lymphomas at any other site, detailed investigation is necessary to determine the stage of the disease before definitive treatment is attempted. Surgery is normally restricted to biopsy. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy, alone or combined are the principal treatment modalities. Early disease (stages IA and IIA) may be treated by radiation alone with a cause specific survival of approximately 70% at five years and 60% at 10 years. Survival is better for histiocytic, nodular, and less bulky disease. Primary thyroid disease is uncommon but highly curable with local radiation. Similarly, orbital disease is usually locally curable with negligible sequelae. The addition of combination chemotherapy has significantly improved the prognosis with more advanced and bulky disease. PMID- 6620450 TI - Repair of facial defects with advancement-rotation flaps. AB - The advancement-rotation facial flap is very useful for repair of middle one third facial defects of moderate size, resulting from deep resection of neoplastic disease. Flaps containing skin and subcutaneous tissue, or flaps containing skin, subcutaneous tissue, and neuromuscular bundles are employed. An extensive facial release is necessary in order to develop flaps to close large defects in the order of 5 cm. This is a superior, one-stage method for repair of large defects, particularly in elderly patients. The technique can produce excellent cosmetic and functional results. PMID- 6620451 TI - Laryngectomees in Norway. Study No. 2: pre-operative counselling and postoperative training evaluated by the patients and their spouses. AB - Twenty-six per cent of 189 Norwegian laryngectomees considered pre-operative counselling to be nonsatisfactory. Similarly, postoperative self-care training was rated nonsatisfactory by 55%. The quality of the pre-operative counselling had a significant influence on the patients' ability to perceive postoperative training which subsequently correlated with mastery of the laryngectomy event. Seventy per cent of the spouses felt that they had not been offered adequate counselling. The problems endured at home for 60% of them could have been amenable to relief by improved counselling. It is questionable if the teams in the different treatment and rehabilitation institutions were aware of all the requirements for the total treatment and rehabilitation of patients facing a laryngectomy. PMID- 6620452 TI - Carcinomas of the nose and paranasal sinuses in former employees of a sinter plant at Copper Cliff, Ontario. AB - The former employees of the nickel sintering plant in Copper Cliff, Ontario have a high incidence of carcinoma of the nose and paranasal sinuses. These tumors usually are anaplastic or undifferentiated carcinoma which are aggressive locally and tend to metastasize widely. The prognosis with this disease is poor. It is felt that the occurrence of this small occupational group with a greatly increased incidence of a relatively uncommon carcinoma, merits further investigation. PMID- 6620453 TI - [Pharyngeal paraesthesis secondary and gastro-esophageal reflux]. AB - Globus is an ill-defined entity. Patients present with a variety of diffuse, imprecise symptoms related to the pharynx. A complete investigation with radiological and manometric studies will put in evidence, in most cases, a gastro esophageal reflux. The anti-reflux treatment is usually successful. The authors insist here on the various pathophysiological mechanisms. PMID- 6620454 TI - Computed tomography of sphenoid sinus mucocele. AB - The clinical presentation of sphenoid sinus mucocele is usually dependent on the degree of involvement of adjacent structures. Since extension can be in any direction, there is a wide spectrum of symptomatology and clinical diagnosis can be difficult. Five cases of sphenoid sinus mucocele, four of which were demonstrated by computed tomography (CT), are presented. CT with its multiplanar display capability, is the diagnostic procedure of choice. It not only demonstrates the extent of the lesions non-invasively, but its ability to demonstrate bony expansion and destruction as well as density and enhancement pattern, will obviate the need for tomography. It has the greatest potential for differentiating other sphenoid and parasellar lesions. PMID- 6620455 TI - Identification of a protein bound to the termini of bacteriophage PRD1 DNA. AB - Lipid-containing bacteriophage PRD1 has a double-stranded DNA genome of about 14,500 nucleotide base pairs. The phage can infect Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium as well as other gram-negative bacteria harboring an appropriate plasmid. [35S]methionine label is incorporated into the DNA band early in infection. The label remains associated with DNA through phenol extraction and boiling with sodium dodecyl sulfate. Nuclease treatment of the genome released a protein which migrated as an early phage-specific protein (P8). This protein is also necessary for phage DNA replication. By restriction enzyme analysis it was shown that protein was associated with the terminal restriction fragments. Extracts of infected cells catalyzed the labeling of protein P8 with [alpha-32P]dGTP. PMID- 6620456 TI - Structure of the hepatitis B virus genome. AB - The extent and position of the single-stranded gap in DNA molecules from Dane particles isolated from two donors of the adw serotype were determined by molecular hybridization and electron microscopic methods. The results showed that in each preparation more than 99% of the circular molecules are of uniform length and contain both single- and double-stranded regions. They confirmed that one end of the short strand is fixed with respect to the single EcoRI site within the molecule and to the nick in the long strand, but they also showed that although the position of the other end is variable, there is a preferred minimum length of about 650 to 700 nucleotides for the single-stranded region. PMID- 6620457 TI - Ionic and nonionic interactions in adenoviral nucleoprotein complexes. AB - Ionic and nonionic interactions between the adenoviral histone-like proteins and DNA were examined by determining effects of ionic strength and urea concentration on disruption of viral nucleoprotein. The viral proteins were as susceptible to dissociation by salt in the presence of urea as histones. Nonionic interactions between viral proteins appeared more extensive than those between histones. PMID- 6620458 TI - Biological consequences of neuraminidase deficiency in Newcastle disease virus. AB - A second-step revertant (L1) of a temperature-sensitive mutant (C1) of Newcastle disease virus agglutinated erythrocytes normally but had less than 3% of the wild type (strain AV) levels of neuraminidase activity. Revertant L1 had seven times more virion-associated N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) than strain AV. NANA residues on purified virions were specifically labeled with periodate and tritiated borohydride. Analyses of radiolabeled L1 virions on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels showed that most of the virion-associated NANA was in a high-molecular-weight component with an electrophoretic mobility different from that of any known viral protein. NANA was also detected in molecules with the electrophoretic mobility of the viral glycoproteins HN and F1. Revertant L1 had a twofold lower rate constant of attachment to HeLa cells than that of the wild type. Treatment of L1 virions with Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase removed the excess NANA and returned L1 attachment kinetics to normal. Revertant N1, which has 10-fold more neuraminidase activity than L1, penetrated host cells at the same rate as L1. L1 was impaired in elution from erythrocytes. Removal of virion associated NANA exacerbated this defect. Despite a small disadvantage in attachment and a major defect in elution relative to strain AV, revertant L1 enjoyed a slight advantage over the wild-type during a single reproductive cycle in cultured chicken embryo cells. PMID- 6620459 TI - In vitro activation of bacteriophage P2 late gene expression by extracts from phage P4-infected cells. AB - We have used a cell-free, DNA-dependent protein-synthesizing system to study the stimulation of phage P2 late gene expression by satellite phage P4. An activity is present in extracts prepared from P4-infected cells, which, when added to the in vitro system with P2 DNA template, stimulates the synthesis of a number of P2 proteins. These stimulated proteins include the major P2 capsid protein (N gene product) and a major component of the P2 phage tail (FII gene product). Extracts prepared from P4-infected cells are also able to stimulate the synthesis from P4 DNA of two low-molecular-weight proteins (18,500 and 17,000 Mr). The stimulating activity has no effect on the synthesis of proteins from lambda plac5 template. Extracts prepared from cells infected with P4 alpha amber mutants lack this stimulating activity. PMID- 6620460 TI - Formation and possible functions of alpha-putrescinylthymine in bacteriophage phi W-14 DNA: analysis of bacteriophage mutants with decreased levels of alpha putrescinylthymine in their DNAs. AB - The DNA synthesized in the nonpermissive host by the noncomplementing mutants am36 and am42 of bacteriophage phi W-14 contains about half the wild-type level of alpha-putrescinylthymine (putThy) and a correspondingly greater level of thymine. The mechanisms whereby thymine nucleotides are excluded from replicating DNA are functional in both mutants because neither of them incorporates exogenous thymidine into DNA. It is proposed that (i) in wild-type phi W-14, the conversion of hydroxymethyluracil to putThy at the polynucleotide level is sequence specific, but that to thymine is nonspecific; and (ii) in the mutants, the sequence-specific recognition is impaired so that more thymine and less putThy are formed. The thymine-rich DNA can be packaged into phage particles. In the case of am42, the phage particles are morphologically indistinguishable from and have essentially the same polypeptide composition as wild-type particles. However, the DNA molecules they contain are about 11% shorter than those in wild type phage, am42rev4, a revertant of am42, contains DNA with about 70% of the normal level of putThy; these molecules are about 3% shorter than wild-type DNA. The properties of am42 and am42rev4 are consistent with the suggestion that putThy facilitates the very tight packing of phi W-14 DNA (Scraba et al., Virology 124:152-160, 1983). It also appears that the putThy content of phi W-14 DNA can be reduced by no more than 30% without adversely affecting the production of viable progeny; for example, the burst size of am42rev4 is about 25% of that of the wild type. PMID- 6620461 TI - Linkage of the Fv-2 gene to a newly reinserted ecotropic retrovirus in Fv-2 congenic mice. AB - Restriction enzyme and Southern gel analyses were used to determine the number and location of endogenous ecotropic retroviruses in the germ line of several mouse strains congenic at the Fv-2 gene locus. A new endogenous ecotropic provirus was observed in the germ line of B6.S (Fv-2ss) mice, in addition to the resident provirus found in its congenic partner C57BL/6 (Fv-2rr). This new provirus was similar in structure to the C57BL provirus. The SIM strain of mice, the donors of the Fv-2s allele in B6.S mice, does not contain ecotropic proviruses, suggesting that the new provirus in the B6.S mouse strain arose by germ-line reintegration during the construction of this strain. Mendelian segregation analysis indicated that this new provirus was linked to the Fv-2 gene locus on chromosome 9. In three other Fv-2s congenic mouse strains--B10.C (47N), B6.C (H-7b), and C57BL/6J Trfa, Bgsd--no additional ecotropic endogenous viruses were detected, suggesting that the reinsertion event that occurred during the construction of B6.S is not essential for the acquisition of the Fv-2s phenotype in the C57BL genetic background. Although numerous reports of germ-line reinsertions of ecotropic virus in high-virus mouse strains have been received, the present results provide definitive evidence that similar germ-line amplifications of endogenous ecotropic virus can occur in a low-virus mouse strain. PMID- 6620462 TI - Nonstructural proteins of Semliki Forest virus: synthesis, processing, and stability in infected cells. AB - The synthesis of the nonstructural (ns) proteins of Semliki Forest virus was studied in vivo. The fourth ns protein, ns60, was identified and isolated. The order of translation (NH2-ns70-ns86-ns60-ns72-COOH) was determined by using various labeling procedures after or in the presence of a hypertonic block of translation initiation. A sequential labeling procedure was devised to specifically label defined segments of the polyprotein. The specific labeling procedures allowed isolation of the four ns proteins in radiochemically pure form by gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The four ns proteins were shown to have different primary structures by digestion with V8 protease of Staphylococcus aureus. The processing of the ns polyprotein and the stability of the mature ns proteins were studied by pulse chase experiments. The cleavage of each of the proteins from the polyprotein took place within 2 to 3 min after the translation of the polypeptide chain. The N terminal protein, ns70, appeared in its mature form later than ns86, which follows it in the polyprotein, suggesting that ns70 undergoes a post translational modification. The migration of the C-terminal protein, ns72, immediately after a pulse was slightly faster than after a chase, suggesting that ns72 also undergoes a post-translational modification other than a cleavage. The half-life of ns72 was shorter than that of the other ns proteins. PMID- 6620464 TI - Loss of viral genomes from hamster tumor cells and nonrandom alterations in patterns of methylation of integrated adenovirus type 12 DNA. AB - The insertion stability and DNA methylation patterns of integrated adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) genomes were investigated in Ad12-induced tumors and in tumor cell lines established from them as a function of time of passage under culture conditions. Upon subcultivation of cells from some of the tumors, the viral genomes were eliminated, apparently in a stepwise process with segments of the left termini of Ad12 DNAs persisting the longest. Morphological variants of these tumor cells lost all viral DNA and yet retained the oncogenic phenotype. All 13 independently isolated clones from one revertant line were devoid of Ad12 DNA. It could not be ruled out that very short sequence elements of viral DNA, such as promoters or enhancing sequences, could have persisted in these variants. The extent of viral DNA methylation was minimal in Ad12-induced tumors, although the viral genome was not extensively expressed, if at all. Upon passage in culture, the levels of viral DNA methylation increased. It was interesting that establishment of the final methylation pattern of integrated Ad12 DNAs required many cell generations after the fixation of foreign DNA in the host genome. The shift in methylation was nonrandom. The late parts of the inserted viral genomes became methylated more extensively than did the early gene segments. PMID- 6620463 TI - Vaccinia virus induces cellular mRNA degradation. AB - The infection of mouse L cells with vaccinia virus induced a rapid inhibition of cellular polypeptide synthesis and a diversion of protein synthesis to the exclusive production of viral polypeptides. This shutoff of cell-specific protein synthesis was achieved by a novel mechanism by which the virus induced the rapid degradation of cellular mRNAs. Concurrent with the degradation of cellular mRNA, the virus proceeds in the orderly temporal expression of its own genetic information. The effect of vaccinia virus infection upon two abundant L-cell mRNAs was assessed by using the highly conserved cDNA sequences that encode chicken beta-actin and rat alpha-tubulin. Hybridization analyses demonstrated that throughout infection there is a rapid and progressive degradation of both of these mRNAs. In fact, after 3 h of infection they are reduced to less than 50% of their concentration in uninfected L cells, and between 8 to 10 h they are almost entirely degraded. This observation explains in part the mechanism by which vaccinia virus inhibits host cell protein synthesis. PMID- 6620465 TI - Blockage of antiviral induction of interferon by homologous cell biochemical activity: effect of chicken embryo fibroblast mitotic cell cycle phases on Sindbis virus growth. AB - The antiviral activity of interferon, measured as the reduction of viral yield, was studied as a function of the cell cycle phases. The present study shows that cells which are about to enter DNA replication phase S and cells that are in mitosis phase M are not refractive to viral infection when treated with interferon. The growth of Sindbis virus, used as the challenger, dropped considerably at the G1-S junction, at mitosis phase M, and as cells entered into a deeper quiescent state. PMID- 6620466 TI - Nucleotide sequence analysis of the long terminal repeat of murine virus-like DNA (VL30) and its adjacent sequences: resemblance to retrovirus proviruses. AB - VL30 DNA represents a retrovirus-like multigene family of mice whose genetic origin is unknown. We have now determined the primary nucleotide sequences and the adjacent sequences of the long terminal direct repeats (LTRs) possessed by a randomly selected VL30 unit. The LTR of the VL30 unit comprised 435 nucleotide base pairs and had an inverted repeat of five bases at its 5' and 3' termini. At the joints with flanking mouse DNA was the VL30 sequence (5')TG . . . CA(3') and a tetranucleotide direct repeat of flanking sequences. At the inner boundary of the 5' LTR was an 18-base sequence that is complementary to tRNApro, and at the inner boundary of the 3' LTR was a purine-rich tract ending with AATG. These results suggested that VL30 DNA used the same integration strategy that is exercised by retrovirus proviruses and transposable elements and that the VL30 LTR is synthesized in a similar way that the LTR of retroviruses is synthesized. The data thus reinforce the retrovirus-like nature of VL30 genetic information. PMID- 6620467 TI - Major polypeptide of duck hepatitis B surface antigen particles. AB - The 40- to 50-nm pleomorphic particles found in the sera of domestic Pekin ducks infected with duck hepatitis B virus were purified by rate zonal and isopycnic centrifugation. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic polypeptide analysis of these particles, called duck hepatitis B surface antigen particles, revealed the major component to be a single 17,500-dalton polypeptide. This result is in contrast to polypeptide analyses of the surface antigens of related mammalian viruses, including hepatitis B, in which a major doublet of polypeptides is seen with molecular weights ranging from 23,000 to 29,000. Tryptic maps of 17,500-dalton polypeptide resembled that of the major non glycosylated polypeptide of the adw subtype of hepatitis B surface antigen. A serological assay for antibody to the purified duck virus particles is also described. PMID- 6620468 TI - First three patients for new type of implantable cardioverter. PMID- 6620470 TI - Tachycardia short-circuited with intracardiac shock. PMID- 6620469 TI - Pioneer implant defibrillator continues in clinical use. PMID- 6620471 TI - Hypnosis may reduce hemophiliacs' blood needs. PMID- 6620472 TI - Interferon joins attack on severe laryngeal papilloma. PMID- 6620474 TI - Leads from the MMWR. Patient-source scabies among hospital personnel- Pennsylvania. PMID- 6620473 TI - Leads from the MMWR. Farm-tractor associated deaths--Georgia. PMID- 6620475 TI - Leads from the MMWR. Post-smallpox eradication surveillance. PMID- 6620477 TI - Prevention of hepatitis in day-care centers. PMID- 6620476 TI - Metaphor in medicine. PMID- 6620478 TI - Spinal and general anesthesia. PMID- 6620479 TI - Phenytoin and red urine. PMID- 6620480 TI - The tourniquet test in identifying diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 6620481 TI - Talc and ovarian cancer. PMID- 6620482 TI - Technical zeal or therapeutic purpose--how to decide? PMID- 6620484 TI - Dietary and pharmacologic therapy for the lipid risk factors. PMID- 6620483 TI - Familial aggregation of lipids and lipoproteins and early identification of dyslipoproteinemia. The Collaborative Lipid Research Clinics Family Study. AB - We examined the hypothesis that familial aggregation of lipids and lipoproteins facilitates within-family identification and hyperlipoproteinemia. We studied 841 offspring and 1,236 siblings of normocholesterolemic probands, 833 offspring and 1,194 siblings of hypercholesterolemic probands, 806 offspring and 1,099 siblings of normotriglyceridemic probands, and 877 offspring and 1,108 siblings of hypertriglyceridemic probands in the Lipid Research Clinics Collaborative Family Study Program. As the categorization of probands' hypercholesterolemia or hypertriglyceridemia increased from sporadic, to persistent, to severe, the percentage of hypercholesterolemic or hypertriglyceridemic offspring and siblings increased. Close sibling and parent-offspring lipid and lipoprotein risk factor associations in hypercholesterolemic and hypertriglyceridemic family units during and after the period of shared common-household environment facilitate within family identification of dyslipoproteinemia and suggest potential sharing of coronary heart disease risk. PMID- 6620485 TI - R-binder deficiency. A clinically benign cause of cobalamin pseudodeficiency. AB - A patient with R-binder deficiency lacked this cobalamin-binding protein in serum, saliva, gastric juice, and leukocytes, as demonstrated by cobalamin binding ability and radioimmunoassay. The patient's condition was first detected because of a low serum cobalamin (vitamin B12) level. His level of serum cobalamin, however, which was carried largely by transcobalamin II, was not as decreased as in the initial cases reported and was higher by some assays than by others. The demonstration of normal bone marrow morphological appearance and deoxyuridine suppression test findings, lack of attributable neurological dysfunction, and absence of methylmalonic aciduria make clear that deficiency of R binder, whose function is unknown, did not produce notable disturbance of cobalamin metabolism. This entity is probably not as rare as originally thought. It must be considered in the differential diagnosis of low serum cobalamin levels, even among elderly patients, whose conditions often tend to be automatically diagnosed as pernicious anemia. PMID- 6620486 TI - Has the machine become the physician? PMID- 6620487 TI - The risk of hepatitis B among select employee groups in an urban hospital. AB - Hospital employees are at various degrees of risk for development of hepatitis B infections. A retrospective review of surveillance records in five clinical areas at high risk for hepatitis B exposure was carried out to determine its prevalence and incidence in each area. The area surveyed with the highest risk was the emergency department. It was followed, in descending order, by the operating room, the medical and surgical intensive care units, and the dentistry-oral surgery clinic. The surveyed area at the lowest risk was the hemodialysis unit. Strict infection-control guidelines probably minimize the employees' risk to hepatitis in the hemodialysis unit. In the emergency department, however, employees may be increasingly exposed to hepatitis B by dealing with life threatening problems in an uncontrolled setting. PMID- 6620488 TI - Persistent hyperparathyroidism caused by incomplete parathyroid resection and a hyperfunctioning parathyroid autograft. AB - A case of familial primary hyperparathyroidism occurred in which persistent hypercalcemia was caused by hyperplastic parathyroid tissue left in the neck and mediastinum after initial surgery and by a hyperfunctioning parathyroid autograft in the forearm. Successful therapy required parathyroid localization and resection of tissue from the neck, mediastinum, and forearm. Parathyroid tissue should be autotransplanted at the time of initial surgery only when total parathyroidectomy is judged likely to have been achieved. PMID- 6620489 TI - 'Confidentiality' issues may cloud epidemiologic studies of AIDS. PMID- 6620490 TI - Possible link probed: deafness and vitamin D. PMID- 6620491 TI - Gear treatment to category of post-MI patient. PMID- 6620492 TI - Leads from the MMWR. Contamination of potable water by phenol from a solar water tank. PMID- 6620493 TI - Leads from the MMWR. Human rabies--Kenya. PMID- 6620495 TI - From the NIH: Studying hyperactive children with unique monitoring device. PMID- 6620494 TI - Leads from the MMWR. Pseudomonas pickettii colonization associated with contaminated respiratory therapy solution. PMID- 6620496 TI - Doctor of pharmacy. PMID- 6620497 TI - Tuberculin conversion in Indochinese refugees. PMID- 6620498 TI - The epidemiology of human rabies postexposure prophylaxis, 1980-1981. AB - Little is known about the epidemiology of human rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), an important problem whether examined by the cost, the number of persons treated, or the public health resources required. Twenty-one states participated in a surveillance of PEP in 1980-1981. When state health departments were involved, PEP was given correctly to at least 88% of persons. The highest incidence of PEP was in young people up to age 15 years, males, and those in rural areas. Postexposure prophylaxis occurred primarily during the spring, summer, and fall months. The epidemiology of PEP varies depending on the source of exposure and age. Domestic animals and rodents-lagomorphs accounted for PEP far out of proportion to their small role in animal rabies. Postexposure prophylaxis can be prevented for many by not keeping wild animals as pets and reduced by having physicians consult with state or local health departments before starting treatment. PMID- 6620499 TI - The use of imipramine in depressed patients with congestive heart failure. AB - Previous studies of left ventricular performance (LVP) in depressed patients receiving tricyclic antidepressants have been performed on patients without severe heart disease. This study reports the effect of imipramine hydrochloride on LVP, assessed by radionuclide angiography, in a group of depressed patients with notable preexisting left ventricular dysfunction. Ejection fraction was measured at rest by first-pass radionuclide angiography before and after treatment with imipramine. Ejection fraction was unchanged during treatment, but seven of 15 patients experienced orthostatic hypotension of such severity that administration of the drug had to be discontinued. Plasma concentrations of the drug were essentially twice those usually seen. It is important to appreciate that although imipramine does not further impair resting LVP, this does not mean it is without risk. The physician must watch carefully for orthostatic hypotension when using imipramine in depressed patients with impaired LVP. PMID- 6620500 TI - Extending cystoscopic techniques into the ureter and renal pelvis. Experience with ureteroscopy and pyeloscopy. AB - The availability of extended-length, small-caliber endoscopes allows the use of many cystoscopic techniques in the ureter and renal pelvis. Although the instruments are rigid, they can be passed transurethrally in both male and female patients to allow the urologist to diagnose and treat many lesions of the upper urinary tract. The success of our series demonstrates the utility and safety of the technique, which often eliminates the need for surgical exposure of the lesions. PMID- 6620501 TI - Cynicism among medical students. AB - The thesis that medical students become more cynical than students of other professions seems justified in light of psychological studies and reports from medical students. This article explores whether this might be due, in part, to disappointment about how important ideals are followed. Psychological tests themselves offer an opportunity to examine this, because the medical profession espouses the goals of gaining proper consent from all subjects, including students, and of giving appropriate attention to excellence of research design and method. When studies used to evaluate medical students' attitudes are viewed from this perspective, however, weaknesses on both scores seem apparent. Students seem well aware of some of these flaws. Although such testing is a small part of medical education, it confirms students' views that there is cause for disillusionment about how certain goals are realized. It also suggests a way to cure some students' cynicism. Students should be taught consistently, both by example as well as by precept of their profession's sincere commitment to professed goals. In practical terms this means, for example, that studies using students as subjects should have a proper review by the institutional review board, with adequate attention given to excellence of design, confidentiality, and methods of gaining informed and unpressured consent. Such studies could then serve as paradigms to students. Other goals of the profession should also be applied to students, and applied for students. PMID- 6620502 TI - Medical ethics' assault upon medical values. PMID- 6620503 TI - Maternal birth weight and subsequent pregnancy outcome. AB - The relationship between maternal birth weight and future reproductive outcome was studied in a cohort of 748 white women with singleton pregnancies. Maternal birth weight was significantly related to stature, prepregnancy weight, pregnancy weight gain, baby's birth weight, gestational duration, relative intrauterine growth, the baby's need for neonatal intensive care, transient tachypnea of the newborn, and idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome. Mothers who weighted 2,000 g or less at birth were at elevated risk for poor pregnancy outcome, although their babies were not smaller than babies of most groups of mothers who weighed more at birth. This suggests that factors interfering with intrauterine growth have an impact on the next generation of babies. In view of the increasing survival of low-birth-weight babies, this possibility bears further investigation. PMID- 6620504 TI - Generation of dimethylnitrosamine in water purification systems. Detection in human blood samples during hemodialysis. AB - Dimethylnitrosamine (DMNA), a carcinogen, was detected at levels up to 32 micrograms/L in dialysate from five of 16 dialysis units surveyed. Blood drawn from patients at one of these units in which DMNA was raised in the dialysate showed a significant increase in the amount of DMNA in the patient's blood when predialysis levels were compared with 15-minute intradialysis levels. The presence of a mixed-bed deionizer without an antecedent carbon filter appeared to be necessary for DMNA production. These data suggest that DMNA is generated in certain water purification systems and may then diffuse into the patient's blood. Guidelines for deionizer-treated water should be revised to include an activated carbon filter. PMID- 6620505 TI - Hot tub hygiene. PMID- 6620506 TI - Weight to place on birth weight. PMID- 6620507 TI - Adults with surgically treated congenital heart disease. Sequelae and residua. PMID- 6620508 TI - Anticancer treatments can fight arthritic disorders. PMID- 6620509 TI - EEG has diagnostic partner in MEG. PMID- 6620510 TI - Leads from the MMWR. Rubella and congenital rubella--United States, 1980-1983. PMID- 6620511 TI - Bleeding manifestations in patients with amyloidosis. PMID- 6620512 TI - Burning mouth syndrome. PMID- 6620513 TI - Aberrant carotid artery injured at myringotomy. PMID- 6620514 TI - Oral contraceptives and endometrial cancer. PMID- 6620515 TI - Management of the severely demented patient. PMID- 6620517 TI - Medically muddled media. PMID- 6620516 TI - Rhabdomyolysis after ingestion of an appetite suppressant. PMID- 6620518 TI - The effect of terbutaline on cardiac function in patients with stable chronic obstructive lung disease. AB - The effect of 0.25 mg of terbutaline sulfate, a beta 2-adrenergic agent, on the right and left ventricular ejection fractions (RVEF and LVEF, respectively) was studied in 30 patients with severe stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with a mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s of 0.79 +/- 0.06 L. All bronchodilator therapy was withdrawn 48 hours before the study. The ECG synchronized gated equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography showed decreased RVEF in 27 patients and LVEF in 16 patients. Both the RVEF and LVEF significantly increased after the terbutaline injection; this increase was noted both in patients with normal and decreased ejection fractions. We conclude that the increase in ejection fractions after terbutaline injection may contribute to the good clinical response to this drug seen in patients with severe stable COPD even though the bronchodilator effect may be minimal. PMID- 6620519 TI - Cesarean section. Risk and benefits for mother and fetus. AB - We studied the effects of cesarean section on neonatal mortality for breech infants and low--birth weight vertex infants using data from the Georgia neonatal surveillance network on 392,241 singleton deliveries between 1974 and 1978. The risk of neonatal death for breech infants weighing 4,000 g or less delivered vaginally was significantly higher than the risk for those delivered by cesarean section. The lower the birth weight, the higher the risk for a vaginal breech delivery. For breech infants weighing 1,000 to 2,500 g, the risk was almost 21/2 times greater for a vaginal delivery v a cesarean delivery. The best outcome for high-risk vertex infants weighing 1,000 to 1,500 g was for those delivered by cesarean section in a tertiary perinatal center. An increase in the cesarean section rate may be associated with increased neonatal survival; however, the benefits must be weighed against the costs of an increased maternal mortality and morbidity. PMID- 6620520 TI - Arrhythmias associated with sinus node dysfunction. Pathogenesis, recognition, and management. PMID- 6620521 TI - Surrogate embryo transfer combined with estrogen-progesterone therapy in monkeys. Implantation, gestation, and delivery without ovaries. AB - The collection of in vivo fertilized embryos by lavage of the normal donor's uterotubal lumens and transfer of these surrogate embryos to the uterotubal environs of long-term castrate female monkeys is described. Sequential estrogen progesterone replacement therapy that mimics the natural ovarian-menstrual cycle was administered to the recipients, causing the development of proliferative and secretory endometrium to accommodate the perinidatory events leading to successful placentation and embryogenesis. Retrograde irrigation of the uterotubal lumens of 23 normal intact donors was performed three to four days after the estimated time of ovulation, coitus, and fertilization. Of the 17 embryos or eggs collected, some were apparently healthy, as assessed by microscopic inspection, whereas others were obviously degenerating. Eleven surrogate embryos were transferred to steroid-treated, long-term castrate female recipients; four viable pregnancies were detected by measurement of chorionic gonadotropin, all concluding with uneventful deliveries of normal live neonates at term. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of establishing and maintaining normal pregnancy by combining surrogate embryo transfer with an exogenous steroid hormone regimen, even in the complete absence of ovarian function. The clinical implications of these primate studies may be far-reaching because they indicate new potential for childbearing by otherwise infertile or sterile women who have a competent uterus but lack the hormonal milieu provided by ovarian follicular maturation and corpus luteum function in the normal menstrual cycle. PMID- 6620522 TI - The clinical utility of the dexamethasone suppression test in psychiatry. Summary of a National Institute of Mental Health workshop. AB - The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) is being increasingly used in psychiatry, especially in the differential diagnosis of affective disorders. In light of this, the National Institute of Mental Health convened a workshop of clinical scientists drawn from neuroendocrinology, psychopathology, and general clinical psychiatry to review the evidence for the efficacy of the use of the DST in psychiatry. Specifically considered were DST's relevance to differential diagnosis, its use as a predictor of response to treatment, its relationship with other biologic variables, and technical issues. The panelists concluded that at this time there are no clear indications for routine use of the DST in diagnosis or clinical management of depression, although it is a useful research tool. Areas of potential utility include prediction of suicidal activity, prediction of relapse, and differential diagnosis. PMID- 6620523 TI - Endotracheal intubation in the prehospital phase of emergency medical care. AB - One hundred seventy-eight endotracheal intubations by paramedics were reviewed prospectively during a nine-month period; 149 patients (83.7%) had medical conditions, and 29 (16.2%) had trauma. The endotracheal tube was successfully placed in 172 (96.6%); in four patients (2.2%), attempts were unsuccessful, and in two patients (1.1%), the attempt was aborted. There were no incidences of reported complications. We conclude that endotracheal intubation can be accomplished successfully outside the hospital by paramedical personnel. Comprehensive training and continuous medical control of paramedics' activities seem to be essential requirements for its success. PMID- 6620524 TI - Extramedullary hematopoiesis presenting as a pelvic mass in a patient with beta thalassemia intermedia. PMID- 6620525 TI - Acute myocardial infarction in a pregnant woman at term. PMID- 6620526 TI - Variations on a theme. PMID- 6620527 TI - Ethical aspects of surrogate embryo transfer. PMID- 6620528 TI - Myocardial contusion. PMID- 6620529 TI - Wrongful life. PMID- 6620530 TI - [Lung function and anesthetic management in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6620531 TI - [Renal function during surgery]. PMID- 6620532 TI - [Effects of premedication on plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine concentration]. PMID- 6620534 TI - [Effect of continuous intravenous anesthesia with Alphadione (alphaxalone/alphadolone) on postoperative liver function]. PMID- 6620533 TI - [Effects of labetalol and phentolamine on plasma catecholamine concentrations in anesthetized dogs]. PMID- 6620535 TI - [Dantrolene sodium-induced depression of skeletal muscle tension and its antagonists]. PMID- 6620536 TI - [Determination of tracheal tube size for children with statistical method]. PMID- 6620537 TI - [Basic electronics for clinical practice and laboratory. II. Electrical stimulation of the body. III. Medical equipment and electrical hazards]. PMID- 6620538 TI - [High plasma cholinesterase and succinylcholine resistance]. PMID- 6620539 TI - [Automatic intracranial pressure controlling system with two negative feedback loops; application to patients with severe head trauma]. PMID- 6620540 TI - [Relationship between hypotensive effect of sodium nitroprusside and adrenal catecholamines release(II)]. PMID- 6620541 TI - [Preventive effects of methylprednisolone against disseminated intravascular coagulation: an experimental and clinical approach]. PMID- 6620542 TI - [Effects of dopamine and dobutamine on hypotension related to epidural analgesia]. PMID- 6620543 TI - [Changes of hemodynamics associated with epidural anesthesia and the values of vasoactive agents]. PMID- 6620544 TI - [Mechanism of analgesia induced by epidural morphine. 1. The sensitive radioimmunoassay of morphine using goat antiserum]. PMID- 6620545 TI - [Bacterial contamination of epidural catheters retained for a protracted time]. PMID- 6620546 TI - [Preoperative pulmonary function and postoperative pulmonary complication in elderly patients]. PMID- 6620547 TI - [Endobronchial anesthesia for Japanese using Robertshaw double-lumen endobronchial tube]. PMID- 6620549 TI - [Basic electronics for clinical practice and laboratory. IV. Basic measurement and analysis procedures]. PMID- 6620550 TI - [Narcotic dependency in patients with cancer pain treated with epidural morphine]. PMID- 6620552 TI - [Fundamental and clinical studies on T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - Fundamental and clinical studies were carried out on T-1982 (cefbuperazone) a new cephamycin antibiotic, with the following result. Following a single intravenous administration of 1.0 g of T-1982, the transfer of T-1982 to the internal genital organs was found to be good. The transfer of T-1982 to retroperitoneal fluid was also good. In clinical trial, T-1982 was administered to 10 patients with obstetrical and gynecological infection. Efficacy was excellent in 4 cases and good in 6 cases. No side effects were observed. In laboratory findings, a transient elevation of alkaline phosphatase was noted in 1 case. PMID- 6620551 TI - [Fundamental and clinical study of T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - Laboratory and clinical investigation of T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in the field of obstetrics and gynecology were carried out and the following results were obtained. The peak concentrations of 18.1-36.0 micrograms/ml were noted in pelvic cavity fluid at 1-3 hours after intravenous injection or drip infusion of 1 g of T-1982 in 3 cases after total hysterectomy for diffuse uterine cancer, then the concentrations decreased very slowly and were over 10 micrograms/ml at 6 hours after administration. Transfer rate of the drug into pelvic cavity fluid was 33 66% of the serum concentrations. In clinical trial, a total of 5 cases including 4 cases of external genital infections and 1 case of pelvic infection were treated with T-1982, and the results were evaluated as good in 3 cases, poor in 1 case and unknown in 1 case. Side effects were observed in 1 case who showed slight increase of GOT and GPT. PMID- 6620548 TI - [Hormonal effects of buprenorphine anesthesia in man]. PMID- 6620553 TI - [Fundamental and clinical studies of T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - Tissue concentrations of T-1982 (cefbuperazone) at 100-220 minutes after the completion of 1 g/60 minutes dripping infusion were 8.9-10.6 micrograms/g in the uterus, ovary and oviduct. These concentrations were higher than 80% MIC of the causative organisms, including E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, Bacteroides and Peptococcus isolated from infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. The T-1982 concentration in the retroperitoneal space exudate reached a peak value of 19.6 micrograms/ml at 2 hours after the completion of 1 g/60 minutes dripping infusion and decreased at a constant rate. We administered T 1982 at 2 g per day for a period of 7-9 days to 3 patients with gynecological infectious diseases. All cases proved to respond effectively. No side effects and abnormal laboratory findings were observed. PMID- 6620554 TI - [Study on transfer of T-1982 (cefbuperazone) into female genital organs]. AB - One gram of T-1982 (cefbuperazone), a new cephamycin antibiotic, was given intravenously to a total of 28 patients prior to abdominal total hysterectomy for uterine myoma or benign ovarian tumor. Bilateral uterine arteries were clamped at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 hours or 6 hours after administration, and serum samples and uterine tissues were taken for the measurement of T-1982 concentration by bioassay method. A little difference was found in the serum concentration between cubital venous and uterine arterial serum, the half lives being 1.88 hours and 1.74 hours, respectively. The initial concentrations were estimated to be 99.9 micrograms/ml and 103.2 micrograms/ml, respectively. The peak concentrations were obtained at 30 minutes in the endometrium, myometrium, oviduct and ovary, and at 1 hour in the cervix uteri and portio vaginalis. These were 45.2 micrograms/g, 22.4 micrograms/g, 36.1 micrograms/g, 19.9 micrograms/g, 27.6 micrograms/g and 23.4 micrograms/g, respectively. The tissue concentrations thereafter decreased in the same manner as the serum concentrations. Judging from its favorable transfer into the uterine tissues and MICs against clinical isolates often seen in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, T-1982 was evaluated to be clinically useful in the treatment of obstetrical and gynecological infections. PMID- 6620555 TI - [Fundamental and clinical studies on T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - Fundamental and clinical studies on T-1982 (cefbuperazone), a new cephamycin antibiotic, were carried out, and the following results were obtained. When T 1982 was administered at a dose of 1 g by intravenous drip infusion for 30 minutes or 1 hour, the concentration in serum showed as high as 23.0 micrograms/ml or 25.0 micrograms/ml even 2 hours after administration. The concentrations in the genital tissues about 5 hours after administration ranged 1.2-45.6 micrograms/g for 30 minutes drip infusion and 0.9-26.8 micrograms/g for 1 hour drip infusion. From these results, T-1982 was supposed to maintain the in vivo concentration to inhibit 80-100% the growth of bacteria such as S. aureus, E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, S. marcescens and Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, B. fragilis which were often isolated clinically in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. When T-1982 was administered at a dose of 1-2 g twice a day to 14 patients with female genital infection; 2 intrauterine infection, 2 pyometra, 7 pelveoperitonitis, 1 adnexitis, 1 adnexal abscess and 1 vaginal cuff abscess, the clinical results were excellent in 9, effective in 4 and poor in 1. The efficacy rate was 92.9%. No side effects nor abnormalities in laboratory findings were observed in any of the 14 cases. These results suggest that T-1982 has efficacy for the treatment of obstetrical and gynecological infections. PMID- 6620556 TI - [Fundamental and clinical studies of T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - Human pharmacokinetics and clinical studies of T-1982 (cefbuperazone) were carried out and the following results were obtained. Transference into pelvic cavity fluid T-1982 level in pelvic cavity fluid showed the peak level of 48.0 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes after 2 hours drip infusion of 1 g in 1 case. The concentration tended to be more sustained than that of venous blood. Clinical study T-1982 was administered to 2 cases with pelveoperitonitis, 2 cases with puerperal fever and 1 case with adnexitis at a dose of 1 g twice a day for a period of 4 or 5 days. The clinical effect was excellent in 3 and good in 2 cases. Neither side effects nor abnormalities of laboratory findings were observed. PMID- 6620557 TI - [Basic and clinical studies of T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - T-1982 (cefbuperazone), a new cephamycin antibiotic, was basically and clinically studied in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. The following results were obtained. The pelvic dead space exudate and serum levels of T-1982 were measured in patients with radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy for uterine cervical cancer after 1 hour drip infusion of 1 g. At the end of infusion, the serum level was 87.2 micrograms/ml on average and thereafter declined rapidly. The pelvic dead space exudate level attained the peak of 25.1 micrograms/ml at 2 hours and thereafter declined gradually but was 3.2 micrograms/ml even at 8 hours after infusion. A total of 10 cases comprising 1 with intrauterine infection, 2 with pelveoperitonitis, 2 with adnexitis and 5 with external genital organ infection were intravenously treated with T-1982 at a dose of 1 g twice daily for 5-7 days. The clinical results were excellent in 1 case, good in 8 cases and poor in 1 case. Eruption and elevated GOT and GPT were noted in 1 case. PMID- 6620558 TI - [Fundamental and clinical studies on T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - T-1982 (cefbuperazone), a new cephem antibiotic, was fundamentally and clinically studied in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. The following results were obtained. The concentrations of the drug in arterial and venous blood, and genitalia following intravenous drip infusion were measured. The results demonstrated favourable transfer of the drug into various internal genital organs. Eleven patients with bacterial infections were treated with T-1982. The therapeutic results were markedly effective in 2 and good in 9 cases, therefore the effective rate was 100%. No side effects were noted in any cases. It is therefore, presumed, that T-1982 is a useful drug for infectious diseases in the field of obstetrics and gynecology although the number of subjects was not so large in this study. PMID- 6620559 TI - [Fundamental and clinical studies on T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - T-1982 (cefbuperazone), a new cephamycin antibiotic, was fundamentally and clinically studied in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. The following results were obtained. The concentrations of T-1982 in arterial and venous blood and genitalia were measured. The results demonstrated favourable transfer of drug into various internal genital organs. T-1982 was administered to 13 patients. The effectiveness rate was 92.3%, that is to say, excellent in 4 cases, good in 8 cases and poor in 1 case. As for side effect, any noteworthy effect was not observed. PMID- 6620560 TI - [Fundamental and clinical studies on T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - Fundamental and clinical studies on T-1982 (cefbuperazone), a new cephamycin antibiotic, were carried out in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, and the following results were obtained. In a fundamental study, T-1982 was given to 7 patients with postpanhysterectomy at a dose of 1 g by intravenous drip infusion, and T-1982 concentrations in uterine artery and elbow vein serum and each uterine tissue (fallopian tube, ovary, endometrium, corpus uteri, cervix uteri and portio) were serially determined. The concentration in the endometrium (though the range of values was wide) was found higher than that in the other tissues. In a clinical study, T-1982 was given to 5 patients; 2 patients with parametritis and each one patient with right salpingitis, pyometra and metroendometritis. The efficacy rate was 80%. No side effects nor remarkable abnormalities in hematology, urinalysis and renal and hepatic function were observed during the therapy. PMID- 6620562 TI - [Fundamental study on T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - Following results were obtained from intravenous administration of T-1982 (cefbuperazone) 1 g by measuring its concentrations in uterine arterial serum, cubital venous serum, oviduct, ovary and several sites in uterine tissue. Endometrium showed the highest concentration among various uterine tissues by any administration (bolus injection, dripping infusion for 1 or 2 hours). Transfer concentrations about 1 hour after the end of 1 hour drip infusion proved to be almost the same as 2 hours drip infusion. In the field of obstetrics and gynecology, it was considered that T-1982 has good efficacy in infections especially caused by E. coli, Klebsiella and Proteus. PMID- 6620561 TI - [Clinical investigation of a long-acting amoxicillin preparation in patients with skin and soft-tissue infections]. AB - A clinical investigation of a long-acting amoxicillin preparation (L-AMPC) in 82 patients (81 with skin and soft-tissue infections and 1 with osteomyelitis) gave the following results. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were most frequently detected organisms. With an inoculum of 10(6) cells/ml, the respective MICs for S. aureus and S. epidermidis were 1.56 micrograms/ml and 0.2 micrograms/ml. When evaluated by the doctors in charge, the overall effect was excellent in 23 patients, good in 46, fair in 7 and poor in 6, with an efficacy rate of 84.1%. The efficacy rate was as high as 75.0 approximately 95.5% in considerable numbers of patients with furuncle, felon, infectious sebaceous cyst, subcutaneous abscess, phlegmon or periproctic abscess. The effectiveness rate was 92.3% (12/13) in patients who did not respond to treatment with other antibiotics such as cephalexin. The standard criteria of overall effectiveness were newly established by the committee under the consideration of the clinical course of symptoms and absence or present of surgical procedure. When evaluated by the standard criteria, the overall effectiveness was excellent in 27 patients, good in 42, fair in 4 and poor in 9, with an efficacy rate of 84.1%. There were no significant differences between the evaluation by the doctors in charge and that by the standard criteria. The eradication rate of the organisms detected was 94.1% (64/68 patients); 85.7% for S. aureus (24/28 strains) and 100% for S. epidermidis (27/27 strains). No significant differences were noted between the patients with and without surgical procedure in clinical effectiveness or bacteriological efficacy. One patient had diarrhea of unknown cause. No abnormal changes due to L-AMPC were noted in any laboratory test. The usefulness rate was 76.8%. These findings indicate that L-AMPC in b.i.d. doses is safe and effective in skin and soft-tissue infections in surgery. PMID- 6620563 TI - [Fundamental and clinical studies on T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - Fundamental and clinical studies on T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in the field of obstetrics and gynecology were carried out. Transfer of T-1982 to various location in uterus tissue was more than 10 micrograms/g over 2 hours after T-1982 1 g intravenous injection. T-1982 was distributed in cervix uteri at the highest concentration followed by ovarium, oviduct, portio vaginalis, endometrium and myometrium. Mean transfer ratio of cervix uteri to uterus arterial blood was 67.6%. Ten cases of gynecological infections receiving T-1982 demonstrated "good" results in 9 cases, except 1 case excluded from the evaluation of efficacy. Neither side effect nor clinical test abnormality was observed. Based on the results of basic and clinical studies, T-1982 is considered to have efficacy in the treatment of gynecological infections. PMID- 6620564 TI - [Fundamental and clinical studies of T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - Fundamental and clinical studies on T-1982 (cefbuperazone), a new cephamycin antibiotic, in the field of obstetrics and gynecology were carried out, and the following results were obtained. The levels of T-1982 transferred to uterine artery, elbow vein and uterus were determined after intravenous drip infusion of 1.0 g for 1 or 2 hours. No difference of concentration between uterine artery and elbow vein was observed from 45 minutes to 5 hours after the end of administration. The concentration of T-1982 in uterine artery ranged from 9.8 to 48 micrograms/ml after drug administration, and decreased slowly, but remained at about 10 micrograms/ml even 5 hours after the end of administration. Endometrium exhibited comparatively higher concentration of T-1982, but the difference of concentration was not observed among the other uterine tissues. T-1982 concentration ratios of various uterine tissues to elbow vein blood ranged from 172 to 10.2%, and mean ratio was 34.7%. Also, T-1982 concentration of more than 3 micrograms/g in each tissue was maintained for 2 hours after the end of administration. Clinical results on abscess of Bartholin's gland (1) and adnexitis (1) were good, although bacteria were not detected. No side effects caused by the drug were observed. These results indicate the usefulness of T-1982 in the treatment of infections in obstetrics and gynecology. PMID- 6620565 TI - [Clinical study on T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - A clinical investigation on the efficacy of T-1982 (cefbuperazone), a new cephamycin antibiotic, was performed in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. T 1982 was administered to 17 cases: 6 cases of parametritis, 3 cases of endometritis after artificial abortion, 3 cases of puerperal fever, 2 cases of febrile abortion, 1 case of Bartholin's abscess, 1 case of adnexitis and 1 case of infection of vaginal hematoma. Seventeen cases of these infections receiving in total 6 to 20 g of T-1982 demonstrated excellent results in 8 cases and good in the remaining 9 cases. Neither side effect nor clinical test abnormality was observed. From the present study, T-1982 is considered to have excellent efficacy and safety. PMID- 6620566 TI - [A fundamental study on T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in the field of obstetrics a gynecology]. AB - T-1982 (cefbuperazone) concentrations in antecubital venous blood and pelvic dead space exudate were examined in 4 patients who had received radical hysterectomy due to uterocervical cancer. Data analysis for the transfer of T-1982 into pelvic dead space exudate was performed with the stimulation curves prepared from pharmacokinetic parameters by the three-compartment model. When T-1982 was given at a dose of 1 g, the peak level in the venous blood was 83.7 micrograms/ml at 1 hour after the start of administration. With regards to T-1982 concentration in pelvic dead space exudate, the peak level of 19.3 micrograms/ml was observed at 2.24 hours after the start of administration and relatively high concentration of about 6.1 micrograms/ml was observed even at 8 hours after the start of administration. From the above results, it is concluded that T-1982 is a useful drug for the treatment of infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. PMID- 6620567 TI - [Therapeutic effect of T-1982 (cefbuperazone) on the gynecologic infectious diseases]. AB - T-1982 (cefbuperazone), a new cephamycin antibiotic with broad spectrum against Gram-positive, negative aerobic and anaerobic organisms, was clinically and bacteriologically evaluated on the gynecologic infectious diseases. Fourteen cases hospitalized at Kanazawa Medical University Hospital and the affiliated hospitals from October 1981 to July 1982 were treated with T-1982. By clinical symptoms, signs and bacteriological examinations the patients were diagnosed as pelveoperitonitis (1), intrauterine infection (3), adnexitis (3), infectious diseases of external genitalia (4), infectious abortion (1), vulvar hematoma (1), and rectovaginal fistula (1). T-1982 was administered intravenously or by drip infusion at a dose of 0.5-2.0 g twice a day after dissolved in a saline solution or a 5% glucose solution. Based on the improvement of clinical findings and antibacterial effect of T-1982, results were evaluated as excellent, good, poor and unknown. Clinical effects more than good were shown in 9 of 11 cases which could be followed up exactly on the therapeutic of T-1982. Two cases showing poor response were pelveoperitonitis and pyometra under carcinoma colli uteri stage IIIb, respectively. In 8 of 11 cases, antibacterial effect of T-1982 could be evaluated. Thirteen strains of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were disappeared by T-1982 therapy, while no effect was seen on 5 strains. On the side effect of T 1982, exanthema was observed in 1 case but disappeared soon after the cessation of administration. PMID- 6620568 TI - [Surgical case of simultaneous triple cancers of the esophagus, stomach and colon]. AB - We report a patient with synchronous triple cancers arising in the digestive tract. It was a combination of esophageal, gastric and colonic cancers; total excision was performed in one operation. Histological study confirmed that each cancer had developed independently. The esophageal cancer was of ulcerated type; histologically it was poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. The gastric and colonic cancers were both of Borrmann II type and well differentiated adenocarcinoma. PMID- 6620569 TI - [Case of early malignant lymphoma scattered over the whole stomach]. AB - Early malignant lymphoma is rare and cases with scattering over the whole stomach are extremely rare. Malignant lymphoma is frequently accompanied by R.L.H. or multiple malignant lymphoma. In our case, some lesions were difficult to distinguish from reactive lesions because cellular atypia was of a low grade. As preoperative radiograpic and endoscopic examination had suggested the lesions to be widespread, the surgical stump was carefully inspected to avoid leaving malignant cells. We discuss the surgical treatment of malignant lymphoma of the stomach. PMID- 6620570 TI - [Case of simultaneous triple cancers of the duodenal papilla, gallbladder and stomach]. AB - The patient was a 76-year-old man with simultaneous triple cancer arising in the duodenal papilla, gallbladder and stomach, whose complaint was epigastralgia. Endoscopic and radiologic studies revealed early gastric cancer (IIc) at the posterior wall of the antrum; ERCP disclosed obstruction with "apple core" appearance in the distal bile duct. Pancreaticoduodenectomy, cholecystectomy and distal gastrectomy with lymph node dissection were performed. Histopathological examination of the resected specimens revealed papillo-tubular adenocarcinoma in the duodenal papilla, well differetiated tubular adenocarcinoma in the gallbladder, and moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma in the gastric mucosa. PMID- 6620571 TI - [Primary adenosquamous carcinoma of the ileum--a case report]. AB - A 41-year-old woman with a mass of the right lower abdominal quadrant was admitted to our hospital. Ileocecal resection was performed on December 30, 1975; and she is in good health at present. The resected specimen showed a protruded tumor with a central excavation at the terminal ileum; there was a small cyst in the submucosal layer. Histologically, most of the tumor consisted of squamous cell carcinoma. A small nest of squamous metaplasia and adenocarcinoma was observed at the cyst wall. The pathological diagnosis was adenosquamous carcinoma arising from an enterogenous cyst of the ileum. PMID- 6620572 TI - [Partial laryngectomy following combined FAR therapy--evaluation of survival rate and region of recurrence studied by an antomical map]. AB - The clinical records of 75 consecutive patients undergoing partial laryngectomy at Kyushu University Hospital were reviewed. Almost all the patients were treated by combined preoperative FAR therapy (5 FU, vitamin A and irradiation). Among 57 patients, the (estimated) five year survival rate was 76%. The cure rate among 18 patients in whom horizontal laryngectomy was done was high (75%) compared with results presented in other reports. This may be ascribable to the preoperative FAR therapy. Anatomically, critical regions of recurrence were the subglottic region and anterior commissure in vertical partial laryngectomy. PMID- 6620573 TI - [Cellular changes in malignant pleural effusion induced by intrapleural injection of BCG-CWS]. AB - The intrapleural injection of BCG cell wall skeleton (BCG-CWS) is thought to be beneficial in the treatment of malignant pleural effusion. The study of cancer cells in pleural effusion after the intrapleural injectin of CWS showed that nuclear damage to cancer cells was slight and delayed compared to findings obtained after the intrapleural injection of Mitomycin C. After the intrapleural injection of CWS, the ratio of granulocytes in pleural effusion was rapidly elevated. This suggests that CWS induces an inflammatory response in the pleural cavity. After the inflammatory reaction, adhesive pleuritis was induced, the pleural space was reduced, leading to the disappearance of effusion. On the other hand, after the intrapleural injection of CWS, no elevation of the ratio of macrophages, and no increase of macrophage and cancer cell adherence were observed. This suggests that the immunopotentiating effect of CWS is not high. PMID- 6620574 TI - [Histopathological evaluation of minute stomach cancer]. AB - We histologically examined 17 lesions from minute gastric cancer (less than 5 mm in diameter). Flat or IIb type was frequently seen in minute cancer (47%); the depressed type was predominant in ordinary early gastric cancer (72%). Differentiated adenocarcinoma was noted more often in minute cancer (88%) than in ordinary early gastric cancer (61%) or advanced cancer (45%). Differentiated type minute cancer was frequently associated with severe atrophic gastritis (93%) and intestinal metaplasia (73%). There was no evidence for the preexistence of chronic peptic ulcer, because no fibrosis was present in the gastric wall beneath the minute cancerous lesions. PMID- 6620575 TI - [Surface markers and prognostic relevance of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma--clinical studies of lymphoma patients at the Shikoku Cancer Center Hospital]. AB - We report data on the relationship between surface markers and prognosis in non Hodgkin's lymphoma treated at Shikoku Cancer Center Hospital. Between 1979 and 1982 we encountered 47 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients and 6 patients with Hodgkin's disease. Of 27 lymphoma cases studied, surface marker studies revealed 12 (44%) to be of T-cell type, 13 (48%) of B-cell type and 2 (7%) of Null-cell type. Patients with T-cell type lymphoma manifested a poor prognosis compared to those with B-cell type. Four patients treated by chemotherapy experienced complete remission and survived by more than 3 years without relapse; they may be considered cured. PMID- 6620576 TI - [Carcinoma of the esophagus with hepatic metastasis]. AB - Six patients with esophageal cancer with liver metastasis are reported and the clinicopathological features are discussed based on collected autopsy cases. 1) The incidence of liver metastasis was higher when the primary site was in the lower part of the esophagus. 2) There were many cases without abdominal lymphnode metastasis. 3) Metastasis was noted primarily as small nodules in the left lobe of the liver. 4) The prognosis was poor; liver metastasis was rarely the cause of death. In esophageal cancer, liver metastasis seems to occur via the portal route and combined liver resection is indicated when possible. PMID- 6620577 TI - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC): an analysis of thirty cases]. PMID- 6620578 TI - [Case of erythrophagocytic T gamma lymphoma probably of the spleen origin--the first case in Japan]. PMID- 6620579 TI - [Autopsy case of malignant lymphoma with extensive infiltration into the uterine cervix]. PMID- 6620580 TI - [Two cases of factitious anemia]. PMID- 6620581 TI - [Hormone-secreting tumors in the anterior pituitary gland. Morphological studies]. PMID- 6620582 TI - [Hormone-secreting tumors in the thyroid and parathyroid glands. Morphological studies]. PMID- 6620583 TI - [Hormone-secreting tumors in the adrenal gland. Morphological studies]. PMID- 6620584 TI - [Hormone-secreting tumors of the adrenal medulla. Clinicopathological characteristics of various tumors based on the WHO classification]. PMID- 6620585 TI - [Autonomously functioning thyroid nodule and its diagnostic problems]. PMID- 6620586 TI - [Diagnosis of hormone-secreting parathyroid tumors]. PMID- 6620587 TI - [Diagnosis of aldosterone-secreting tumors]. PMID- 6620588 TI - [Diagnosis of hormone-secreting adrenal tumors other than aldosterone-secreting tumors]. PMID- 6620589 TI - [Diagnosis of adrenal pheochromocytoma and localization of the tumor]. PMID- 6620590 TI - [Heterogeneity of pituitary hormones]. PMID- 6620592 TI - [Carcinoid syndrome]. PMID- 6620591 TI - [Heterogeneity of pituitary hormones]. PMID- 6620593 TI - [Supracellar germinoma with multiple hypothalamic manifestations--a case report]. PMID- 6620594 TI - [Application of chemiluminescence to clinical chemistry]. PMID- 6620595 TI - [Blood cells examined by differential interference contrast microscope]. PMID- 6620596 TI - [Flow cytometry]. PMID- 6620597 TI - [Electron holography]. PMID- 6620598 TI - [Mountains and rivers in the landscape of clinical pathology]. PMID- 6620599 TI - [Clinico-pathological study of juvenile polyp of the large intestine--comparison of juvenile and adult cases]. PMID- 6620600 TI - [Prognosis of acute hepatitis B using multiple regression analysis of clinical test data--selection of variables]. PMID- 6620601 TI - [Studies on determination of plasma lipoperoxide. I. Influence of sampling syringes and test tubes on its value]. PMID- 6620602 TI - [Pericentric inversions of human chromosome 9]. PMID- 6620603 TI - [Relationship between appearance frequency of auto antibodies and lymphocyte count by age]. PMID- 6620604 TI - [Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from blood in patients with septicemia]. PMID- 6620605 TI - [Bone disease associated with chronic renal failure]. PMID- 6620606 TI - [Radiological diagnosis of pycnodysostosis]. PMID- 6620607 TI - [Roentgenologic study of solitary peripheral lung mass with emphasis on correlation to pulmonary vasculatures]. PMID- 6620608 TI - [Unusual middle lobe atelectasis demonstrating an intrathoracic tumor-like shadow]. PMID- 6620609 TI - [Clinical evaluation of aerosol inhalation lung scan with 99mTc-millimicrospheres in pulmonary vascular disease]. PMID- 6620610 TI - [Study of lymphoscintigraphy with 99mTc rhenium colloid for diagnosis of lymphedema]. PMID- 6620611 TI - [Radiotherapy for cervical node metastases in squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck]. PMID- 6620612 TI - [Characteristic findings of intracranial fusiform aneurysm on CT scan]. PMID- 6620613 TI - [Ultrasonography for foreign body in oral and maxillofacial region: report of 3 cases]. PMID- 6620614 TI - [Acute emphysematous cholecystitis--case report and review of the literature]. PMID- 6620615 TI - [CT of choledochal cyst]. PMID- 6620616 TI - [Left renal bleeding due to left renal vein compression: report of 2 cases]. PMID- 6620617 TI - [RI angiographic evaluation of varicose veins]. PMID- 6620618 TI - [HIGA SPEC catheters for cerebral angiography]. PMID- 6620619 TI - [Congenital pericardial defect]. PMID- 6620620 TI - [Fatigue fracture]. PMID- 6620621 TI - [Hypoxic cell radiosensitizer (Part 1)]. PMID- 6620622 TI - [Seasonal changes of hydration of the superficial horny layer of various parts of the body and evaluation of factors affecting the extent of hydration]. PMID- 6620623 TI - [Observation of epidermal desmosomes using ultrathin frozen sections]. PMID- 6620624 TI - [Application of computed analysis for dermatohistopathology: I. On normal human keratinocytes]. PMID- 6620625 TI - [6 cases of calcinosis cutis--with special reference to the mechanisms and route of transepidermal elimination of calcium]. PMID- 6620626 TI - [Amyloid deposition and elastic fibers in macular amyloidosis]. PMID- 6620627 TI - [Purification of a low-molecular-weight protease inhibitor from human epidermis]. PMID- 6620628 TI - [Circulating immune complexes in progressive systemic scleroderma and morphea]. PMID- 6620629 TI - [A survey of Behcet's disease in Hokkaido prefecture]. PMID- 6620631 TI - [Electron microscopic study on the pilar carcinoma with disseminated metastases and infundibulo-trichilemmal differentiation]. PMID- 6620630 TI - [Electron microscopic studies of lichen amyloidosis with abnormal serum lipoproteins. 1. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of lipoproteins]. PMID- 6620632 TI - [Ultrastructural studies of cancer promoting effects of arsenic]. PMID- 6620633 TI - [In vitro susceptibility of Mycobacterium marinum to amikacin sulfate]. PMID- 6620634 TI - [Case of porphyria cutanea tarda with inducible urticarial reaction by monochromatic light]. PMID- 6620635 TI - [Electron microscopic and PAG electrophoretic investigation of lichen amyloidosis associated with dyslipoproteinemia--changes of eruption and electrophoretic pattern of serum lipoproteins by clofibrate administration]. PMID- 6620636 TI - [Ichthyosiform sarcoidosis]. PMID- 6620637 TI - [Bowen disease and bowenoid lesion arising on vitiliginous skin during longterm phototherapy]. PMID- 6620638 TI - [Investigations on the experimental skin changes of porphyria--comparison and determination of light sources using photohemolysis]. PMID- 6620639 TI - [Influence of aromatic retinoid on epidermal Langerhans cells]. PMID- 6620640 TI - [Selective affinity of 10B1-paraboronophenylalanine-HCl to malignant melanoma: thermal neutron capture therapy]. PMID- 6620641 TI - [The first case report of protothecosis in Japan]. PMID- 6620642 TI - [Bowed fingers in patients with systemic scleroderma]. PMID- 6620643 TI - [Case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with tumor formation due to infiltration to the stomach]. PMID- 6620644 TI - [Case of portal vein thrombosis complicated with sepsis due to bacteroides fragilis]. PMID- 6620645 TI - [Case of hemangioendothelial sarcoma of the liver]. PMID- 6620646 TI - [Hereditary pancreatitis]. PMID- 6620647 TI - [Electronmicroscopical and histochemical studies on experimental gastritis after thymectomy in the mouse]. PMID- 6620648 TI - [Clinical studies on the isolation of Clastridium difficile--13 cases]. PMID- 6620649 TI - [Activity of sialyltransferase in serum and the significance of its determination in hepatic diseases]. PMID- 6620650 TI - [Clinical trial of hepatitis B vaccine in a high-risk population]. PMID- 6620651 TI - [Experimental study on effect of gallstones on induction of gallbladder carcinoma]. PMID- 6620652 TI - [Effect of long-term administration of 16, 16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 on the proportion of mucus secreting cells and parietal cells in rats]. PMID- 6620654 TI - [Nitrogen metabolism in primary monolayer cultured rat hepatocytes]. PMID- 6620653 TI - [Effects of pGRP and its related peptides on canine splanchnic and femoral arterial blood flow]. PMID- 6620655 TI - [Pancreatic blood flow in conscious dogs. (I) Measurement of basal flow and its changes during food intake]. PMID- 6620656 TI - [Biochemical analysis of proteins in pancreatic calculi--with special reference to gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein]. PMID- 6620657 TI - [Clinical analysis of pancreatic cysts]. PMID- 6620658 TI - [Case of adenosquamous carcinoma of the stomach showing Borrmann 4 type and elevated serum CEA]. PMID- 6620659 TI - [Case of advanced gastric cancer with remakable gynecomastia and marked elevation of serum human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)]. PMID- 6620660 TI - [Case report of Caroli's disease with various complications]. PMID- 6620661 TI - [Case of acute hepatitis, type A, with acute renal failure--report of a case with renal biopsy]. PMID- 6620662 TI - [Serum group I and II pepsinogens (PG I & PG II) after subcutaneous injection of tetragastrin]. PMID- 6620663 TI - [Effect of conjugated bile acid on solubility of excess CACO3 in bile acid lecithin-cholesterol solution]. PMID- 6620664 TI - [Effect of bile acid on solubility of excess CACO3 in gallbladder bile]. PMID- 6620665 TI - [Serum levels of CA19-9 in various diseases of digestive system and its clinical significance]. PMID- 6620666 TI - [Clinical studies of coronary arteriography and left ventriculography in the aged]. PMID- 6620667 TI - [The significance of dopamine as a natriuretic and blood pressure modulating factor]. PMID- 6620668 TI - [Potassium content in various tissues in the elderly]. PMID- 6620669 TI - [Cardiovascular adjustment to exercise in the aged]. PMID- 6620670 TI - [Effect of vitamin C on the aged]. PMID- 6620671 TI - [Abnormalities of vitamin D metabolism in the aged]. PMID- 6620673 TI - [Cerebrovascular disorders and vitamin E]. PMID- 6620672 TI - [Aging and vitamin D]. PMID- 6620674 TI - [Transport of vitamin E in the blood]. PMID- 6620675 TI - [Vitamin K in the aged, with special reference to the clinical significance of the urinary gamma-carboxy glutamic acid content as a new indicator for the vitamin K status]. PMID- 6620676 TI - [Antibiotics and vitamin K deficiency]. PMID- 6620677 TI - [6 cases of familial hypercholesterolemia with spontaneous rupture of Achilles tendon]. PMID- 6620679 TI - [Intake and metabolism of vitamin B1 in the aged]. PMID- 6620678 TI - [Morphological studies on aging of the spinal cord--a quantitative study of lipofuscin using an image analyzer]. PMID- 6620681 TI - [Dynamics of vitamin B12 in the aged]. PMID- 6620680 TI - [Effects of vitamins B2 and B6 on aging and the immune system]. PMID- 6620682 TI - [Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in the aged]. PMID- 6620683 TI - [Metabolic characteristics in the aged with diabetic patients]. PMID- 6620684 TI - [Comparison of plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations between healthy adults in two countries--Japan and Thailand]. PMID- 6620685 TI - [Clinical and hemodynamic studies in aged patients with acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6620687 TI - [High blood pressure maintaining mechanisms in chronic one-kidney, one clip and two-kidney, one clip hypertensive rats. II. Roles of the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin system]. PMID- 6620686 TI - [Studies on centenarians in Fukuoka prefecture. (I) Results of health and nutrition examination]. PMID- 6620688 TI - [Hyperprolactinemia and guanidinosuccinic acid in chronic renal failure]. PMID- 6620689 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies on coagulation and fibrinolysis in toxemia of pregnancy]. PMID- 6620690 TI - [Isolation and ultrastructure of human and bovine renal tubular basement membranes]. PMID- 6620691 TI - [Pathological studies on focal glomerular sclerosis (FGS) in rats--Glomerular changes and distribution in the renal cortex]. PMID- 6620692 TI - [Spherical microparticles and gaps in the glomerular basement membrane in IgA nephropathy: an ultrastructural study]. PMID- 6620693 TI - [Functional and morphological studies of the glomerular mesangium. II. Uptake and transport of carbon particles in the mesangium of normal rabbit kidney]. PMID- 6620694 TI - [Studies on hemorheology as causative factors of tissue hypoxia in renal failure]. PMID- 6620695 TI - [Study on the risk factors of ischemic heart disease in patients with chronic hemodialysis, with special reference to the role of plasma l-carnitine]. PMID- 6620696 TI - [Opinionnaire survey on the treatment of renal osteodystrophy in Japan]. PMID- 6620697 TI - [Urinary prostaglandin (A + E) excretion in patients with essential hypertension]. PMID- 6620698 TI - [My memoirs on the nuclear medicine]. PMID- 6620699 TI - [Quantitative assessment of hepatic and splenic blood flow detected by Tc-99m-Sn colloid liver scintigraphy]. PMID- 6620700 TI - [Clinical evaluation of radionuclide cisternography and X-ray CT in normal pressure hydrocephalus]. PMID- 6620701 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of post-infarction aneurysm by gated blood pool scan using phase analysis]. PMID- 6620702 TI - [In vitro binding of 67Ga to Ehrlich ascites tumor cells]. PMID- 6620703 TI - [Studies on a sensitive RIA for TSH--applicability of 200 microliters serum sample]. PMID- 6620704 TI - [Perforated choledochal cyst diagnosed by 99mTc-parabutyl IDA scintigraphy]. PMID- 6620705 TI - [Clinical value of radionuclide angiography for diagnosis of liver tumors]. PMID- 6620706 TI - Clinical studies on diverticular disease of the colon. AB - In 12,505 patients who received barium enemas during the past 14 days, 979 cases (7.8%) of diverticular disease of the colon (DDC) were found. The incidence of DDC increased with age; 2.2% of the patients were below age 29 and 14.3% were over 70 years old. The sex distribution was 584 males and 395 females. 76.1% had diverticula in the right-side colon, 12.9% in the left-side colon, and 11.0% in both sides. All patients below age 29 had the right-side colon type, while 44% of those aged 70 or more did. On the other hand, the left-side colon type and both sides colon type were found only in patients over 30 years old, and constituted a majority in those of 70 years old or more. The main symptoms and signs were: disturbances in bowel habits 50.7%, abdominal pain 48.1%, abdominal distension and/or discomfort 41.5%, occult blood 25.2% and melena 5.8%. Therefore, DDC is clinically becoming an important disease in recent years in Japan as well as in Western countries. PMID- 6620707 TI - Natural killer cell activity associated with aging and sex in humans. AB - The effect of aging and sex on natural killer (NK) cell activity in humans was investigated. The results showed that there were no significant differences in both the age- and sex-related NK cell activities with or without polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid stimulation. On the other hand, the mitogenic response of peripheral blood lymphocytes in the aged group (aged 70 to 86 years) was found to be significantly depressed in compared with that in the young adult group (aged 20 to 30 years). These data suggest that the NK cell activity of the aged subjects is operative, and may be important in defense against neoplasia since extensive immunodeficiencies are known to be associated with aging. PMID- 6620709 TI - Electrophysiologic study on atrioventricular nodal reetrant tachycardia with special reference to recent controversies. AB - Electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic studies were performed in 21 patients with atrioventricular (A-V) nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). Patients were classified into three types according to the patterns during the tachycardia, i.e., (1) type I; an atrial echo (Ae) occurred simultaneously with a ventricular electrogram (VE) (14 patients), (2) type II; an Ae occurred in front of the next VE (four patients) and (3) type III; an Ae followed immediately after the preceding VE (three patients). All patients with type I AVNRT showed discontinuous A-V and continuous ventriculoatrial (V-A) conduction curves. "Enhanced V-A conduction" (1:1 V-A conduction at the ventricular paced rate of 200 beats/min) was demonstrated in five of the 14 and after verapamil in two of the five patients. In type II AVNRT the tachycardia was initiated with a minimal amount of A-V nodal conduction delay and second degree A-V or V-A block was observed in all four patients. V-A conduction was poor in these patients. In type III AVNRT A-V conduction curves were discontinuous and retrograde study revealed the presence of retrograde dual A-V nodal pathways. In conclusion, A-V and V-A conduction in patients with AVNRT were variable and this variability seemed to be responsible for different patterns of AVNRT. PMID- 6620708 TI - Studies on the phenotyping system of hyperlipoproteinemias. Evaluation of a new method by enzymic staining of lipids in serum lipoproteins separated by electrophoresis on agarose. AB - A new electrophoresis of lipoproteins was examined as a means of defining hyperlipoproteinemia phenotypes. The serum lipoproteins of 119 patients with hyperlipoproteinemia whose serum total cholesterol (TC) concentration was more than 250 mg and/or whose triglyceride (TG) concentration exceeded 180 mg per 100 ml were determined by using a method of electrophoretic separation of lipoproteins on agarose and enzymic staining of each lipid component separately. Based on the lipoprotein-lipid profile with the acid of various parameters for distinction, i.e., Type II A, LDL-C greater than or equal to 180 mg/dl: Type IV, VLDL-TG greater than or equal to 130 mg/dl: type II B, LDL-C greater than or equal to 130 mg/dl, 119 patients were classified into Fredrickson's phenotypes of hyperlipoproteinemia. The percentages of phenotypes with those hyperlipoproteinemias were: type II A, 31.1%; II B, 33.6; IV, 29.4%; and V, 5.9% respectively. But types I and III were not observed in this survey. The characteristics of the lipoprotein profiles of each phenotype were clearly identified, and they were: type II A, high peak LDL-C and decrease of HDL-C fraction; II B, high peak of LDL-C and VLDL-TG; IV, high peak of VLDL-TG; V, prominence of chylomicrons and high VLDL-TG peak. The serial observations of the lipoprotein-lipid profiles were very useful for detecting the progressive changes in lipoproteins which occurred during the course of diseases, particularly in cases of secondary hyperlipoproteinemia. In conclusion, the new lipoprotein-lipid profile based on the agarose electrophoresis-enzymic staining method not only offers great help in classification of hyperlipoproteinemia but has contributed to therapeutic management. PMID- 6620710 TI - Hypopituitarism who had undergone prolonged treatment with thyroid hormones alone for primary hypothyroidism. AB - A patient with hypopituitarism which is believed to have developed immediately after birth had been treated with thyroid hormones alone for a prolonged year of seven years until the time of the initial examination by the author. The subject has severe emaciation and lack of secondary sexual characteristics, but no past history of adrenocortical crisis was present, and, in fact, she manifested hyperthyroidism. It is questionable whether the preceding administration of thyroid hormones on the case with hypopituitarism should have been contraindicated. The two major complaints were improved through proper supplementary hormone treatment. PMID- 6620711 TI - A case report of abetalipoproteinemia (Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome)--the first case in Japan. AB - The clinical and pathophysiological features of a case of abetalipoproteinemia in a 34-year-old patient are described. This patient is the first case reported in Japan. The patient was diagnosed as abetalipoproteinemia by confirming the Apo-B deficiency in the patient's serum and the slightly high cholesterol level in his mother's and borderline normal level in his father's. The patient had remarkably low lipid levels, acanthocytosis, and lipid malabsorption. An unusual feature of this case was that the patient had no neuromuscular or ocular manifestations. This was possibly related to his normal plasma vitamin A and E levels. PMID- 6620712 TI - A new family with beta-thalassemia intermedia. AB - In a Japanese family several members in three generations had, on hemoglobin analysis, typical findings of heterozygous beta-thalassemia. However, hemoglobin concentrations, red cell morphology, splenic size and clinical histories indicated that the disorder was more severe than in the usual beta-thalassemia trait. From the previous and the present studies folic acid supplements appeared to be beneficial in ameliorating the anemia. The findings may provide an apparent pathophysiologic and genetic explanations for the more severe anemia and red-cell abnormalities present in a small proportion of families with beta-thalassemia trait. PMID- 6620713 TI - Plasma cell myeloma showing progressive bone destruction during long-term clinical remission. AB - A case of plasma cell myeloma initially producing Bence Jones protein of lambda type was presented. BJ protein disappeared within two months of cyclophosphamide and betamethasone administration. A complete remission continued for the following 2 years and 8 months with no medication, although the patient insidiously developed osteolytic lesions. The discrepancy of long-term negative BJP and clinical remission without medication and progressive bone destruction was reported. PMID- 6620714 TI - Studies of human tear proteins--2. Analysis by crossed immunoelectrophoresis of tears from diseased eyes. AB - By filter paper strips, tears were collected from patients with diseases in the anterior ocular segment and analysed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Their crossed immunoelectrophoretic patterns were compared with those of normal subjects. Tear proteins from Sjogren's syndrome. Mikulicz's disease and tumor of the lacrimal gland showed abnormal patterns by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Tears were collected from patients with lacrimal gland tumor after resection of the tumors. Ten tear-specific proteins were more decreased in these patients than in normal subjects. Serum proteins in the tears of these patients were increased, but secretory IgA (s-IgA) showed no change. A patient with symblepharon showed a marked decrease of both tear-specific proteins and s-IgA. Tears from patients wit epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC), vernal conjunctivitis, herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) and adult inclusion conjunctivitis were analyzed. No remarkable change in tear-specific proteins could be noticed between tears from a case with an early stage of EKC or slight inflammation of the conjunctivitis and tears from the fellow unaffected eye. However, an increase was noted in serum proteins of the diseased eye. The tears collected from a case with severe EKC showed a decrease of tear-specific proteins, but an increase of serum proteins; especially s-IgA showed a significant increase. Tears from patients with EKC, HSK, vernal conjunctivitis and adult inclusion conjunctivitis showed differences in the immunoelectrophoretic patterns of tear proteins according to the severity and duration of the inflammation, as well as the amount of tears secreted. After due consideration of the analysis of tear proteins from some diseases of the anterior ocular segment, the following secretory sites of tear proteins under normal conditions were projected. The 10 tear-specific proteins reported in the previous paper are thought to be largely secreted from the main lacrimal gland. s-IgA is mainly secreted through the excretory ducts of the main lacrimal gland. Serum proteins in the tears are thought to come through the conjunctiva. PMID- 6620715 TI - Electron microscopic study of aberrant lipogenesis in the cornea. AB - Aberrant lipogenesis is a protective reaction of cells by synthesis of triglycerides utilizing abnormally present oleic acid. In order to elucidate cytologic details of this phenomenon, a small amount of sodium oleate was injected into the corneal stroma of the rabbit, and the fat-forming cells were examined by electron microscopy. When tritiated oleate was used, the cytoplasm of the stroma cells in the vicinity of the injection site became diffusely radioactive immediately following the injection. The radioactivity was gradually concentrated in fat droplets. The cytoplasm of the corneal stroma, which contains relatively sparse micro-organelles, began to form small, slightly electron-dense spaces measuring 300-1000 A in diameter in the matrix, without correlation to any micro-organelle. These spaces never became radioactive. They may be the site of glyceride formation. These spaces became membrane-bound oil droplets measuring 500-100 A in diameter within 6 hours. The number and size of oil droplets increased for a few days and remained intracellular for a long period of time without causing any degenerative effect to the cell. The fatty substance had been proven to be mainly triglycerides in the earlier studies. Some longstanding fat droplets developed a few myelin figures. These lamellar membranes were heavily incorporated with the radioactive oleate. PMID- 6620716 TI - Studies on the cornea. X. Incorporation of 14C-glucosamine into glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins of elasmobranch corneas, extractability of these components and morphological effects of such extractions. AB - Incorporation of 14C-glucosamine into dogfish (Squalus acanthias) corneas occurs primarily in the glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and glycoproteins (GP) extractable with elasmobranch Ringer's solution but the rate at which this component can be extracted varies inversely with the age (size) of the fish. Whereas this fraction represents only one-fourth of the total hexosamine (Hex-N) it contains nearly three-fourths of the newly incorporated 14C-glucosamine. The CaCl2-extractable HexN contains only 13% of the incorporated radioactivity. Collagen-associated GAG in both soluble and insoluble collagen fractions contain keratan sulfate, dermatan sulfate and chondroitin-4-sulfate, with the GAG associated with the salt insoluble collagen having only half the radioactivity of those associated with the soluble fraction. However, the specific activities of both the salt-insoluble and the salt-soluble fractions were very low, suggesting that the GAG-GP which are tightly bound to collagen may have a high degree of stability. Partially de epithelialized corneas incorporated 14C-glucosamine at rates ranging from 22% to 58% of the efficiency of intact corneas, suggesting a possibly significant role of the epithelium in the biosynthesis of GAG-GP in the adult dogfish. Morphologic results exactly paralleled those previously reported by us for the bovine cornea with the exception that the effects of CaCl2 extraction of GAG-GP were not evident on the collagen fibers until the second to fifth sequential CaCl2 extraction. The morphologic findings, therefore, exactly parallel the analytic findings which show that a significant portion of the collagen and collagen associated GAG-GP of the dogfish cornea remains after the double extraction. How much of this remaining material represents sutural fibers and their associated GAG-GP is yet to be determined. PMID- 6620717 TI - Acute effects of topical phenylephrine on aqueous humor dynamics and corneal endothelial permeability in man. AB - Acute effects of topical phenylephrine, an alpha-1 adrenergic agonist, on the aqueous humor dynamics and corneal endothelial permeability were studied by means of the oral fluorescein method in 11 normal young volunteers. Twenty microliters of phenylephrine HCL (10%) was instilled in one eye and the placebo in the other eye in a double masked manner. The instillations were carried out 0.5 hour before, and 2, 4 and 6 hours after the fluorescein ingestion. Fluorophotometric measurements were carried out in the central cornea, anterior chamber and plasma ultrafiltrate, and the aqueous-cornea transfer coefficient in reference to the corneal volume (kc.ac), the transfer coefficient in the anterior chamber by diffusion (kd.pa) and by flow (kfa) were calculated in each eye. The thickness of the cornea (CT), intraocular pressure (IOP) and anterior chamber volume (Va) were also measured. No significant difference was found in the CT, kc.ac, corneal endothelial permeability (kc.ac x the thickness of the stroma), Va, IOP and kfa between the experimental and control eyes, while the kd.pa was significantly smaller in the experimental eyes (paired t-test, P less than 0.01). The iris permeability factor (kd.pa x Va) decreased significantly to 0.74 +/- 0.26 (Mean +/- SD) of the control (P less than 0.01). The aqueous flow rate (kfa x Va) averaged 0.95 +/- 0.21 of the control, and the difference from unity was not significant (P greater than 0.1). PMID- 6620718 TI - Circadian rhythm of human electroretinogram. AB - In order to ascertain the presence of circadian rhythm in the electrical responses of the retina, scotopic electroretinogram (ERG) evoked mainly by light flash stimulus was recorded consecutively in 14 normal healthy subjects during a 24-hour period. The ERGs were measured at 6, 12, 18 and 24 o'clock. Both a- and b waves were analyzed. The a-wave amplitude of all subjects studied showed no circadian rhythm. By our criteria, the b-wave amplitude showed circadian rhythm in 8 of the 14 subjects. The minimum amplitude of the b-wave was seen at 6 o'clock. The amplitude of the b-wave was significantly higher at 12 o'clock when compared with the amplitude at 6, 18 and 24 o'clock. This tendency was repeatedly observed. The presence of circadian rhythm in the scotopic b-wave was, therefore, suggested. This rhythm had a good correlation with the circadian rhythm of dopamine beta-hydroxylase in the serum and no correlation with the corticosteroid level in the serum. The possibility of circadian rhythm in the human ERG should be taken into consideration for routine clinical application. PMID- 6620719 TI - Acute retinal necrosis (Kirisawa's uveitis). AB - Four cases of acute retinal necrosis accompanied by acute uveitis, retinal obliterative vasculitis and confluent yellow-white lesions in the peripheral fundus followed by retinal detachment are reported. The clinical course was rapidly progressive and the prognosis was poor despite various treatments. No systemic abnormality was found and etiology could not be identified. In reviewing the 40 cases so far reported, including our 4 cases, we came to the conclusion that acute retinal necrosis and Kirisawa's uveitis fall into the same clinical study. PMID- 6620720 TI - Morphological study of the pathogenesis of retinal cotton wool spot. AB - To investigate the true structural changes in retinal cotton wool spots, serial sections of several blocks of retinal corresponding to cotton wool spots obtained from two hypertensive cases were studied by light and electron microscopy. Occlusion of the feeder arteriole and capillaries, and numerous vacuoles of various sizes in the inner retinal layer were the constant histological features in cotton wool spots. Cytoid body was another change in these areas but it was not a constant feature. Increase of membranous structure resembling endoplasmic reticulum was thought to be incorporated in the formation of the pseudonucleus in the cytoid body. Phagocytosis by macrophages led to the disappearance of the cytoid body. It was concluded that the true feature of the cotton wool spot is nothing but vacuolation, an edematous change of the inner retinal layers due to ischemia following occlusion of the feeder arteriole, and that the cytoid body is only a nonspecific and transient alteration of nerve fibers in the early stage of the ischemic lesion in the retina. PMID- 6620721 TI - Craniopharyngioma--analysis of surgical procedure. AB - Twenty cases of craniopharyngiomas treated surgically between 1972 and 1979 have been studed neuro-ophthalmologically. The visual fields demonstrated asymetrical bitemporal hemianopsia, occasionally homonymous hemianopsia and central scotomas. The visual function was followed up for a period of one to 8 years after the operation. Improvement and retention of the visual function were observed in 88% of cases with subtotal resection and irradiation, 45% of cases with partial resection and irradiation, and 0% of totally resected cases. Histopathologically, the dense adhesion and tumor invasion in the optic chiasm were observed in autopsy cases. From the viewpoint of operative results and autopsy findings, the subtotal excision with irradiation is advocated for the treatment of craniopharyngiomas, particularly in the adult cases. PMID- 6620722 TI - A physiological study of acoustic blinking reflex in the cat. AB - Blinking reflex was elicited by acoustic stimulus to investigate the reflex pathway in the encephalo isole cat. Reflex responses were recorded using electromyography (EMG) of the orbicularis oculi. The investigation was as follows: After stimulation by a loud click sound, the EMGs of the orbicularis oculi were elicited bilaterally. Latencies were 17-20 msec on the ipsilateral side, and 19-21 msec on the contralateral side. By electrical stimulation of the peripheral nerve in the cochlea and the acoustic nerve EMGs were also obtained. The latencies of the electrical stimulation responses correlated well with the latencies in the EMGs obtained through sound stimulation. The evoked potentials after auditory and electrical stimulation were obtained in several nuclei in the brainstem. The conduction time between two nuclei was calculated by measuring the latency of discharges in each nucleus. The alteration of the evoked discharge was observed through surgical transection of the brainstem. After each successive surgery the EMG showed differences in responses. Thus, the location of the neural connections of the pathways were differentiated in the brainstem. From this, we concluded that the reflex arc has the following pathway: The acoustic input to the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) is relayed to the acoustic route of the superior olivary complex and to the lateral lemniscus. Then, the impulse reaches the VIIth nucleus via the pontine reticular formation in the ipsilateral side. On the other hand, the input to the VCN crosses over the trapezoid body to the superior olivary complex. Then, the impulse uses the same pathway as described for the contralateral side. Finally, the pathway of the acoustic blinking reflex is located more caudally than that of the tactual blinking reflex. The comparison of the recordings of both reflexes is useful clinically, as a diagnostic method to study the function of the brainstem. PMID- 6620723 TI - A fluorophotometric study of the barrier functions in the anterior segment of the eye after intracapsular cataract extraction. AB - The transfer coefficient of fluorescein across the corneal endothelium, kc.ac, was determined by a method of oral dye administration in 54 normal eyes. The kc.ac averaged 0.46 +/- 0.13 (SD) hour-1, and the fluorescein distribution ratio between the anterior chamber and the cornea, rac, was 0.57 +/- 0.20. There were no significant differences in these values between young subjects and those older than 50 years. A total of 56 eyes which underwent intracapsular cataract extraction were divided into three groups, 1) those operated on with routine medications, 2) with topical indomethacin and 3) with alpha-chymotrypsin of 7,500 times dilution. The value of rac was fixed at 0.57 and kc.ac was calculated taking the fraction, X, of unbound fluorescein in the aqueous into account. In addition, the apparent transfer coefficients of the dye between the blood and anterior chamber, k'in and k'out, were also calculated from the apparent fluorescein concentrations in the whole plasma and aqueous. The kc.ac was significantly greater in patients than in normal eyes, showing damage of the corneal endothelium by the surgery. The value of X was less than unity, indicating an increase in aqueous protein in the patients, but it was closer to unity in the indomethacin group than in other groups. The value of k'in was significantly less in the indomethacin group than in other groups. Between the groups with routine medication and with chymotrypsin, no significant difference was found in X or in k'in. It was concluded that topical indomethacin suppressed disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier and also that chymotrypsin at the present dilution did not cause serious disruption of the barrier. PMID- 6620724 TI - Pretreatment with taurine facilitates hepatic lipid peroxide formation associated with carbon tetrachloride intoxication. AB - Pretreatment with taurine (3% aqueous solution, p.o., for 3 days) facilitated lipid peroxide formation in the rat liver associated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4:2 ml/kg, b.w., i.p.) administration. The taurine pretreatment had no effect on the metabolism of 14CCl4 in hepatic microsomes and antioxidant content in the liver, but significantly enhanced the CCl4-induced increase in hepatic Ca++ content. Ca++ increased the Fe++-induced NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation in hepatic microsomes, and this Ca++ effect was also enhanced by CCl4 treatment. These results suggest that the increment of hepatic lipid peroxidation following CCl4 administration may be, at least in part, due to the increment of Fe++ induced NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation by Ca++, and the taurine pretreatment may affect the increase by increasing Ca++ content in the liver. PMID- 6620725 TI - Acetaldehyde-mediated alcohol sensitivity and elevation of plasma catecholamine in man. AB - According to the presence and absence of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) I isozyme which had low Km for acetaldehyde, subjects were divided into two groups: the former, the usual ALDH group and the latter, the unusual ALDH one. Blood alcohol and acetaldehyde levels, plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine levels, and urinary excretion of norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) were determined; and the differences in these values and cardiovascular symptoms after alcohol intake between the two groups were investigated. Fifty-six healthy male volunteers were studied after they ingested 0.4 g of alcohol per kg of body weight. There was no difference in blood alcohol level between the two groups. In the unusual ALDH group, facial flushing, increase of pulse rate and decrease in diastolic blood pressure associated with accumulation of blood acetaldehyde were shown. In addition, rises in plasma catecholamine and urinary excretion of catecholamine were also observed. However, in the usual ALDH group, in which blood acetaldehyde level scarcely increased, these changes were not significant. The alteration of catecholamine metabolism, decrease in urinary VMA and increase in urinary MHPG was recognized in both groups. PMID- 6620726 TI - Studies on antinephritic effect of mizoribine (p-INN, Bredinin), a new immunosuppressive agent, and azathioprine (1) effect on the nephrotic type of anti-GBM nephritis in rats. AB - The present study was made to investigate the antinephritic effect of mizoribine in comparison to that of azathioprine by using the nephrotic type of anti-rat glomerular basement membrane rabbit serum (anti-GBM serum)-induced nephritis in rats. The nephrotic type nephritis was induced in rats by two i.v. injections of anti-GBM serum at a 10 day interval. Both drugs were given orally, daily from the 2nd day following the first injection of anti-GBM serum to the 21st day. Mizoribine in doses of 5 and 7.5 mg/kg/day significantly inhibited urinary protein excretion by 30-40% on the 22nd day. Mizoribine at both doses showed an inhibitory tendency on urinary alkaline phosphatase (ALP) excretion on the 9th and 16th days. On the 22nd day, this drug at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg/day inhibited plasma cholesterol (CL) content by 59.6% and wet weight of kidneys by approx. 50%, but no significant difference was seen between the drug-treated and control groups. When renal tissues on the 22nd day were observed under light microscopy, mizoribine at both doses remarkably prevented glomerular changes such as mesangial proliferation and thickening of capillary walls and significantly inhibited the index of glomerular lesions (IGL) by over 60%. On the other hand, azathioprine at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day was as effective as mizoribine at 5 mg/kg/day in inhibiting urinary protein and ALP excretions, plasma CL content and kidney weight. However, azathioprine showed little effect on the IGL. From these results, mizoribine at the dose level of 1/4 to 1/3 of azathioprine showed a more potent effect than azathioprine in this model. Therefore, mizoribine is also expected to have a beneficial effect on nephrotic type nephritis in clinical fields. PMID- 6620727 TI - Effect of synthetic acyclic polyisoprenoids on the cold-restraint stress induced gastric ulcer in rats. AB - The antiulcer effect of a series of synthetic acyclic polyisoprenoids on cold restraint stress induced ulcer in female rats was determined, and the relationship between their antiulcer effect and chemical structure was also investigated. As a result, the following findings were obtained: The antiulcer effect of acyclic polyisoprenoids closely correlated with the number of intramolecular isoprene units, and geranylgeranyl derivatives showed a particularly marked antiulcer effect. The terminal polar groups such as 2 oxopropyl and 2-hydroxypropyl groups in geranylgeranylacetone seemed to play an important role in the antiulcer activity of acyclic polyisoprenoids. Terminal bulky groups decreased their antiulcer activity, however. The antiulcer activity of geranylgeranylacetone correlated with the number of intramolecular double bonds. There was no significant difference in antiulcer activity between all trans-geranylgeranylacetone, 5-cis-geranylgeranylacetone and the mixture of these isomers (1:1 and 3:2). The results of this experiment suggested that the antiulcer activity of acyclic polyisoprenoids might be governed by such factors as the number of isoprene units, terminal polar groups, and number of intramolecular double bonds. PMID- 6620728 TI - On the inhibitory mechanism of bassianolide, a cyclodepsipeptide, in acetylcholine-induced contraction in guinea-pig taenia coli. AB - The effect of bassianolide (BASS), a cyclodepsipeptide, was investigated on mechanical response, membrane potential, intracellular Na and K contents and 45Ca uptake in response to acetylcholine (ACh) in guinea-pig taenia coli. BASS (10(-5) M) as well as verapamil (5 X 10(-7) M) and papaverine (3 X 10(-5) M) selectively inhibited the tonic component of the contraction induced by ACh (10(-5) M), but scarcely affected the phasic one. In contrast, atropine (3 X 10(-8) M) inhibited both components of contraction. BASS did not modify the change in membrane potential by ACh. BASS, ACh and the combination of both did not influence the intracellular Na and K contents and the 45Ca uptake. These data show that BASS seems unlikely to have the property of an ionophore. BASS slightly inhibited both the tonic and phasic components of contraction induced by 60 mM K in a non selective manner, though verapamil and papaverine inhibited the tonic component more potently than the phasic one. Verapamil decreased the increased 45Ca uptake in the muscle soaked in 60 mM K medium, but BASS did not. Since BASS selectively inhibits the tonic component of the ACh-induced contraction, the inhibitory mechanism of BASS seems to be different from that of verapamil, papaverine or atropine; and the mechanism may be beyond the interactions with a binding activity of ACh to the muscarinic receptor, membrane potential and the contractile machinery of the intestinal smooth muscle. PMID- 6620729 TI - Effect of geranylgeranylacetone on aspirin-induced changes in gastric glycoproteins. AB - The effects of aspirin and treatment with geranylgeranylacetone (GGA), an antiulcer drug, on the content of gastric glycoproteins were investigated in pylorus-ligated rats. In normal rats, the amount of gastric glycoproteins in the mucous layer was about 1.5 times higher than that in the gastric mucosa, indicating that the glycoproteins were distributed in the mucous layer as a highly concentrated state. Aspirin (100 mg/kg, p.o.) decreased the content of gastric glycoproteins both in the mucous layer and in the gastric mucosa. The amount of the macromolecular fraction in the gastric juice, which corresponded to the gastric glycoproteins on the basis of molecular size, was not affected by aspirin. GGA (300 mg/kg, i.d.) could prevent the decreases of the total amount of gastric glycoproteins in the mucous layer plus gastric mucosa. These results indicated that the glycoproteins coating the surface of the gastric mucosa may play a role as a defensive mechanism and that GGA exerted an antiulcer effect on aspirin-induced mucosal damage through preventing the decreases in gastric glycoproteins. PMID- 6620730 TI - Characterization of propranolol-induced relaxation of coronary artery. AB - Effects of propranolol on coronary artery were investigated in isolated dog coronary arteries and in isolated hearts of rats and guinea-pigs. Cumulative administration of dl-propranolol produced concentration-dependent relaxation of coronary arterial strips under potassium-contracture. There was no difference in relaxant potency between the optical isomers of propranolol. Lidocaine produced less relaxation than dl-propranolol, while atenolol and practolol scarcely affected the contraction. dl-Propranolol-induced relaxation was significantly restored by additional calcium or prevented by prior administration of calcium. In isolated hearts of rats and guinea-pigs which were perfused at a constant coronary inflow and paced at a constant rate, bolus administration of dl propranolol produced dose-dependent falls in coronary perfusion pressure without significant changes in myocardial contractile force. Results indicate that propranolol may have relaxant activities on coronary arteries through inhibition of calcium influx in the cell membrane of coronary arterial smooth muscle. PMID- 6620731 TI - Probenecid increases dopamine metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in rat adrenal gland. AB - Although norepinephrine and epinephrine are the predominant catecholamines (CAs) in peripheral tissues, peripheral dopamine (DA) systems are also physiologically significant. The DA is present both in the sympathetic ganglia and in the adrenal gland. We attempted to determine the possible presence of it in individual adrenal cells. We found increments in adrenal 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels produced by probenecid, an inhibitor of anionic secretory mechanisms. Small amounts of DA and DOPAC were detected in the rat adrenal gland by using the high-performance liquid chromatographic electrochemical detection method. Two hr after probenecid treatment (200 mg/kg, i.p.), the concentration of striatal homovanillic acid approximately doubled compared with those of control rats, and the levels of striatal DOPAC remained much the same. Conversely, the adrenal DOPAC was markedly increased with no change in the levels of CAs. The existence of DOPAC and the increase of DOPAC by probenecid indicate that the adrenal DA may be independently granulated. PMID- 6620732 TI - Modification by cadmium ions of 45calcium uptake by isolated rabbit aortae. AB - Treatment with 0.5 mM Cd++ suppressed the K+ (30 mM)-stimulated uptake and influx of 45Ca and abolished the K+-induced contraction in helical strips of rabbit aortae. The rapid and slow efflux of 45Ca previously accumulated was not appreciably affected by Cd++. It is concluded that interference with the transmembrane influx of Ca++ is a major mechanism of Cd++ action. PMID- 6620733 TI - Influence of drugs on evoked potentials in the cat cerebellum: II. Effects of morphine hydrochloride (1). AB - Effects of morphine hydrochloride on the cerebellum were examined in cats. Morphine (2.0 mg/kg, i.v.) decreased the potentials by superficial radial nerve (SR), nucleus reticularis lateralis (LRN), or nucleus olivaris inferior (ION) stimulation on the cerebellar cortices. These effects were antagonized by naloxone hydrochloride (0.4 mg/kg, i.v.). In the LRN or ION, morphine decreased the potentials evoked by SR stimulation. In the LRN- or ION-lesioned cat, morphine decreased the potentials evoked by SR stimulation on the cerebellar cortices. This opiate decreased the potentials evoked by tooth pulp stimulation on the vermis, and this effect was also antagonized by naloxone. Morphine slightly decreased the potentials evoked by SSA-1 stimulation on the cerebellar cortices. Furthermore, the potentials evoked by SR stimulation on the SAA-1 were slightly decreased by morphine. These results may suggest that the cerebellum plays an important role in not only the motor system, but also the sensation of pain. PMID- 6620734 TI - Influence of drugs on evoked potentials in the cat cerebellum: III. Effects of morphine hydrochloride (2). AB - In intact cats, morphine hydrochloride (2.0 mg/kg, i.v.) depressed spontaneous discharge of the Purkinje cell in 8 of the 15 neurons tested. These effects of morphine were antagonized by naloxone hydrochloride (0.4 mg/kg, i.v.). This opiate significantly decreased the evoked potentials produced by superficial radial nerve (SR) stimulation in the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. Although morphine decreased the potentials evoked by SR or tooth pulp stimulation in the nucleus fastigii and nucleus interpositus, this drug hardly influenced them in the nucleus dentatus. In the decerebrated cats, morphine significantly increased the potentials evoked in the cerebellar cortices by SR stimulation. In the somatosensory area I (SSA-I)- or motor area (MA)-lesioned cats, morphine decreased the cerebellar potentials evoked by SR stimulation, but increased them in the SSA-I- and MA-lesioned cats. Naloxone antagonized these effects of morphine. From our results, it appears that the decreasing effects of morphine on the cerebellar potentials evoked by SR stimulation may be affected by the functions of the SSA-I and MA of the cerebral cortex and that morphine may influence the cerebellum. PMID- 6620735 TI - Production of tolerance to fenitrothion in male rats. PMID- 6620736 TI - Ethyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate antagonizes the inhibitory effect of diazepam on the crossed extensor reflex. PMID- 6620737 TI - Pharmacological properties of acetylcholine receptor in molluscan smooth muscle. PMID- 6620738 TI - Binding properties of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in long-term desensitization of smooth muscle. PMID- 6620739 TI - Effects of diazepam, nitrazepam and brotizolam on dopamine turnover in the olfactory tubercle, nucleus accumbens and caudate nucleus of rats. PMID- 6620740 TI - Failure to observe tolerance to the hyperalgesic effect of naloxone in mice. PMID- 6620741 TI - 3H-clonidine and 3H-rauwolscine binding to membranes from rat cerebral cortex and kidney. PMID- 6620742 TI - [Current status and problems concerning the treatment of lung cancer]. PMID- 6620743 TI - [Pulmonary tuberculosis. a) A view from internal medicine]. PMID- 6620744 TI - [Pulmonary tuberculosis] b) Surgical aspects. Respiratory-circulatory insufficiency caused by surgical treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6620745 TI - [Bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6620746 TI - [Alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes of human lung carcinoma]. PMID- 6620747 TI - [Post-traumatic pulmonary microembolism--bone marrow and fat embolism of the rabbit lung in fracture with special reference to the initial lesions]. PMID- 6620749 TI - [Diffuse panbronchitis in a mother and daughter in a family with multiple incidences of immunologic abnormalities]. PMID- 6620748 TI - [Aging and pulmonary metabolism--an experimental study using rats]. PMID- 6620750 TI - [Case of obstructive sleep apnea with cor pulmonale]. PMID- 6620751 TI - [Boerhaave's syndrome--report of a fatal case with hydropneumothorax]. PMID- 6620752 TI - [Evaluation of a synthetic thrombin inhibitor MD 805 as an anticoagulant after open heart and vascular surgery]. PMID- 6620753 TI - [Surgical treatment of cystic Castleman's lymphoma and the mechanism of cystic development]. PMID- 6620754 TI - [Surgical treatment of atrial septal defect associated with coronary artery stenosis--observation on the postoperative improvement of the left ventricular function]. PMID- 6620755 TI - [Innovation in the position of pacemaker generator implantation in children]. PMID- 6620756 TI - [Aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta associated with left subclavian artery aneurysm]. PMID- 6620757 TI - [Thoracic drainage method for relaxation of limitations on daily activities of patients with empyema]. PMID- 6620758 TI - [Experiences with a mechanical stapler in respiratory tract surgery]. PMID- 6620759 TI - [Clinical experience with a pulsatile pump "Cobe Stokert" during extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 6620760 TI - [Histological responses following implantation of the ringed intraluminal graft in dissecting aneurysm--autopsy findings and discussion on 2 cases with De Bakey type I dissecting aneurysm]. PMID- 6620761 TI - [Surgical treatment of cardiac myxoma--with special reference to surgical experiences in 6 cases]. PMID- 6620762 TI - [Cervical aortic arch with severe aortic regurgitation and aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva--report of a case with successful surgical intervention]. PMID- 6620763 TI - [Mitral valve prolapse in Noonan's syndrome]. PMID- 6620764 TI - [Successful surgical correction of interruption of the aortic arch not associated with left-to-right shunt]. PMID- 6620766 TI - [Successful surgical treatment of two cases of ruptured dissecting aneurysm]. PMID- 6620765 TI - [Surgical treatment for congenital mitral stenosis, a "parachute mitral valve"]. PMID- 6620767 TI - [Cutaneous ureterostomy using vaginal cuff for experimental split renal function studies]. PMID- 6620768 TI - [Diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism with urolithiasis by a synthetic human parathyroid hormone (46-84) kit]. PMID- 6620769 TI - [Antigenic relationship between the chemically-induced mouse bladder tumor and Corynebacterium parvum]. PMID- 6620770 TI - [Transurethral anterior sphincterotomy on spinal cord injury patients]. PMID- 6620771 TI - [Studies of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the testis. 1. Relation of testicular LDH and its isozymes to development of testicular function in rats]. PMID- 6620772 TI - [Studies of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the testis. 2. Relation of testicular LDH and its isozymes to spermatogenesis in human testis]. PMID- 6620773 TI - [Studies on male sexual impotence. Report 12. A screening method of organic impotence for the penothermocurve]. PMID- 6620774 TI - [Extrarenal calyces in congenital hydroeneprosis: report of three cases]. PMID- 6620775 TI - [Study of preservation of the kidney using 31-P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). 1. Energy metabolism of the kidney in simple preservation]. PMID- 6620776 TI - [Chemosensitivity of KK-47 bladder cancer cells and KN-41 renal cancer cells heterotransplanted in nude mice]. PMID- 6620777 TI - [Titration-curve analysis of the urine. 1. Studies on urinary acidification]. PMID- 6620778 TI - [Urinary acidification in bilateral obstructive uropathy. 2. Studies on Urinary acidification]. PMID- 6620779 TI - [Urinary acidification in unilateral obstructive uropathy. 3. Studies on urinary acidification]. PMID- 6620780 TI - [Studies on hypercalciuria in patients with urinary calculi]. PMID- 6620781 TI - [Analysis of cases with superficial bladder cancer with follow-up for more than 5 years]. PMID- 6620782 TI - [Study on the thymic lymphocytes in the rats treated with bladder cancer-inducing BBN--in vitro effect of the thymus humoral factor]. PMID- 6620783 TI - [Clinical and pathological evaluation of 5 cases of hypovascular or avascular renal cell carcinoma]. PMID- 6620784 TI - [2 cases of contracted bladder and hydro-ureteronephrosis with generalized autoimmune phenomena]. PMID- 6620785 TI - [Histological outline of surgical treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6620786 TI - [Tuberculosis in dialysis patients. 10. Epidemiology of kidney and urinary tract tuberculosis]. PMID- 6620787 TI - [Lung disease due to Mycobacterium fortuitum report of 3 cases]. PMID- 6620788 TI - [M. kansasii infection in Okayama prefecture. A consideration on the relationship of the occurrence of 4 cases]. PMID- 6620789 TI - [Atypical mycobacterium infection in Japan (the 1981 report of the Mycobacteriosis Research Group of the National Chest Hospitals). Increases of the incidences of Mycobacterium kansasii infection and variability of the infective organisms (incidences of Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum infection)]. PMID- 6620790 TI - [In vitro susceptibility of atypical mycobacteria to Cephem and other antibiotics]. PMID- 6620791 TI - [Case of generalized tuberculosis with difficulties in diagnosis]. PMID- 6620793 TI - [Diagnostic and prognostic significance of changes in the atrial ECG complex in patients in the acute phase of myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6620792 TI - [Value of the method of stimulating the heart ventricles by an esophageal electrode in resuscitation]. PMID- 6620794 TI - [Reliability of the echocardiographic and polycardiographic evaluation of left ventricular contraction as compared with the ventriculographic examination]. PMID- 6620795 TI - [Aortic blood flow velocity curve. I. Normal blood flow curve]. PMID- 6620796 TI - [Aortic blood flow velocity curve. II. Usefulness in cardiologic diagnosis]. PMID- 6620797 TI - [Arterial hypertension in men aged 40-59 years. III. Mean uric acid level in the serum of hyper- and normotensive persons. Relation between uric acid level and arterial blood pressure, duration of illness, age, cholesterol level and body weight]. PMID- 6620798 TI - [Arterial hypertension in men aged 40-59 years. IV. Relation between uric acid and potassium and creatinine concentrations in the serum of hyper- and normotensive persons]. PMID- 6620799 TI - [Electrocardiographic changes observed during treatment with hyperbaric oxygenation]. PMID- 6620800 TI - [Neoplastic cardiac tamponade - its pathogenesis and diagnosis]. PMID- 6620801 TI - [Current information on the role of the coronary artery spasm in the development of anginal pain and myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6620802 TI - [Clinico-experimental study of the reactions of the cardiovascular system to alcohol depending on the consumption regimen]. PMID- 6620803 TI - [Pharmacokinetic approaches to the use of digoxin in heart failure in patients with chronic end-stage renal failure]. PMID- 6620804 TI - [A device for microcatheterization of the pulmonary artery and simultaneous infusion therapy]. PMID- 6620805 TI - [The role of biopsy of the human myocardium in cardiological and cardiosurgical centers]. AB - Endomyocardial puncture biopsy is practicable for elucidating etiology (nosology), differential diagnosis, the determination of activity of rheumatism or nonspecific myocarditis, the assessment of treatment efficiency and prognosis of outcome. Incision intraoperative biopsy should be used to evaluate the efficiency of myocardial protection and the specifics of metabolism and function of the myocardial cell. Open incision intraoperative myocardial biopsy is more informative than the endomyocardial puncture biopsy as it provides a heart specimen where all layers are represented, so that the number of negative results attributable to the mosaic pattern of myocardial abnormality is reduced. PMID- 6620806 TI - [Segmental contractility--criterion of the integral function of the left ventricle in patients with ischemic heart disease]. AB - The expulsion fraction was examined with reference to qualitative and quantitative parameters of segment contractility of the left-ventricular wall in 68 coronary patients. Segment contractility of the left-ventricular wall can provide the basis for the interpretation of the left-ventricular integrative function in these patients. Its qualitative assessment can characterize the general condition of the myocardium, whereas its quantitative features may contribute to the elucidation of mechanisms involved in compensatory relationships between the damaged and intact myocardium of the left ventricle. PMID- 6620807 TI - [Comparative hemodynamic aspects in acute myocardial infarctions with various clinical patterns]. AB - The so-called safe course of acute myocardial infarction was shown to be associated with reduced left ventricular stroke output, changed phasic pattern of the systole, and peripheral arterial constriction. In infarction-related acute left-ventricular failure, a clear dissociation can be seen between the pumping function of the right and left ventricles. These changes are further aggravated by increased circulating blood volume and pulmonary blood quantity, and lowered arterial and venous flow rate. Paravascular edema adds to generalized vasoconstriction. Hypertension in the pulmonary artery network implies additional effort for right ventricular myocardium and thus prevents blood overflow to lesser circulation veins and left compartments of the heart. PMID- 6620808 TI - [Hemodynamic shifts in patients with congestive heart failure during treatment with sodium nitroprusside]. AB - Hemodynamic effects of sodium nitroprussid were studied in 21 patients with congestive heart failure. Nitroprussid reduced systemic arterial pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance, and increased cardiac index and left-ventricular stroke performance index, thus reducing the pre- and post-load of the left ventricle and improving its functional capacity. PMID- 6620809 TI - [Heart function in patients with mitral defect immediately after the insertion of a mitral valve prosthesis]. AB - Changes in left and right ventricular function were examined in 42 patients before and early after the application of mitral valve prosthesis (MVP). Hemodynamic suppression observed early after MVP application was found to be due to reduced preload, and critical inhibition of contractility in 1/3 of the patients. Baseline left-ventricular contractility and pumping function parameters were decreased to a greater degree in patients constituting Group 2. It is suggested that early postoperative circulatory disorders are rooted in preoperative myocardial lesions, inadequate heart muscle protection during extracorporeal circulation with general hypothermy, and violation of conditions of left-ventricular loading immediately upon the recovery of the mitral valve blocking function. PMID- 6620810 TI - [Gaseous composition of the blood and hemoglobin affinity to oxygen in the acute period of myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6620811 TI - [Assessment of blood platelet status in acute myocardial infarction]. AB - Circulating platelet morphology (using scanning electron microscopy), platelet adhesion and flattening on silicone slides (interference contrast microscopy), and spontaneous platelet aggregation were investigated. Platelet status was thus assessed in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), chronic coronary disease (CCD) and normal subjects (controls). In AMI patients, the majority of circulating platelets were inactivated: 70% and more were of smooth discoid shape, a finding similar to that of the controls. On the contrary, platelet flattening, adhesion and spontaneous aggregation were changed in AMI patients, and also, though on a smaller scale, in CCD patients. Changes in platelet flattening ability were most pronounced, the latter parameter being sharply increased in 73% of AMI patients. PMID- 6620812 TI - [Current aspects of drug therapy of chronic heart failure]. PMID- 6620813 TI - [Mechanisms of myocardial protection and damage under the effects of cardioplegic solutions]. AB - An experimental study on rat hearts has demonstrated that cardioplegic solutions, apart from their protective effect, activate energy-consuming calcium redistribution process. Presented data permit qualitative and quantitative assessment of myocardial changes and a prompt evaluation of arrested heart's functional status. PMID- 6620814 TI - [Ventricular bypass in acute heart failure]. PMID- 6620815 TI - [Assessment of the results of serum enzyme studies in different forms of myocardial infarction]. AB - An examination of 400 coronary patients demonstrated a relationship between increased serum CPK, AST, LDH and LDH-1, and the spread and severity of myocardial infarction (MI). In transmural and large-focal MI, CPK activity peak observed on Day 1-2 of the disease was increased 4-12-fold, and that of AST, 5 fold, as compared to the upper limit of the normal range. In small-focal and subendocardial MIs, the increase was 1.5-8-fold and 3-fold, respectively. In angina pectoris, serum CPK activity also showed an increase, although a less manifest one. A CPK activity level of 175 IU is proposed as a discriminative level to be used in the diagnosis of large-focal myocardial infarctions. PMID- 6620816 TI - [Leukocytic reaction of peripheral blood in patients who died at different stages of myocardial infarction]. AB - Peripheral leucocyte changes were studied in diseased myocardial infarction patients. Disorders of blood and infarcted-area leucocyte kinetics were shown to be prominent among cardiac and extracardiac causes of death from myocardial infarction. Their control may provide a method of pathogenetic treatment for the disease. PMID- 6620817 TI - [Level of tyrosine in the blood of patients with acute myocardial infarction during the assessment of corticosteroid hormone production]. AB - Variations of blood 11-HOCS and tyrosine suggested as an indicator of tissue glucocorticoid provision were investigated in 54 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Where AMI takes a favourable course, the adrenocortical activity meets bodily requirements in about 25% of patients, whereas 30% show states of transitory hormonal deficit during the first 4-5 days of the disease. In severe AMI with multiple combined complications, tissue glucocorticoid deficiency was found in 73% of patients, the majority of those having high blood 11-HOCS levels. A profound disorder of the glucocorticoid control of metabolic processes is suggested. PMID- 6620819 TI - [Doppler echocardiographic study of patients with mitral insufficiency]. AB - Possibilities of dopplerography have been examined with respect to mitral incompetence in 20 apparently normal subjects and 24 patients with mitral incompetence documented by surgical or left-ventriculographic findings. Spectrograms and analogue curves of blood flow around the left atrioventricular orifice were assessed. Unlike normal subjects, 21 of 24 patients exhibited turbulent systolic flow in their left atrial cavities, behind mitral cusps, regarded as evidence of mitral regurgitation. Left-atrial blood flow investigation demonstrated a relationship between the distance of recorded systolic flow from mitral cusps and manifestation of mitral incompetence. Therefore dopplerography can detect mitral regurgitation and give an approximate idea of its manifestation in patients with mitral incompetence. PMID- 6620818 TI - [Steroidal hormones, biogenic amines in arteriosclerosis and pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic nonspecific pulmonary disease]. AB - A comparative study of the heart phasic pattern was carried out using phlebo-, sphygmo- and kinetocardiography in male patients with chronic nonspecific pulmonary disease and the chronic pulmonary heart syndrome with or without atherosclerosis. Systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery was calculated using Burstin's method. Atherosclerosis in patients with chronic nonspecific pulmonary disease was shown to be accompanied by high pulmonary hypertension and feature corticosteronemia, hyperestrogenemia, androgen (testosterone) deficiency and increased production of serotonin and noradrenalin. PMID- 6620820 TI - [Diastolic filling of the heart ventricle]. AB - It is demonstrated that negative, "subatmospheric" pressure developing in the heart ventricles during the rapid-filling phase is an evidence of active diastole and inflated capacity of heart chambers. Diastolic activity of the heart increases as a result of insufficient blood inflow to the ventricles coupled with inadequate venous return or narrowed atrioventricular orifice. It is assumed that the heart's diastolic activity is an adaptive-compensatory mechanism adequately stabilizing circulation under changing hemodynamic conditions. PMID- 6620821 TI - [Prevention of stress and hypoxic damage to the heart using the beta-blockader inderal]. AB - Administration of the beta-blocker Inderal, 1 mg/kg, prior to emotional-painful stress was shown to prevent post-stress damage of contractility in isolated rat hearts. Inderal enhances animal heart resistance to hypoxic and reoxygenation damage and prevents progress thereof after the stress. PMID- 6620822 TI - [Effect of vitamins A and E on the contractile function of the heart in experimental myocardial infarction]. AB - An experimental study in rabbits demonstrated that the animals treated with vitamins A and E (400 IU/kg and 0.4 mg/kg, respectively) in the presence of experimental myocardial infarction induced through ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery, showed a much more pronounced reduction of cardiac contractility as compared to the untreated animals with induced infarction or those treated with much higher doses (10000 IU/kg and 10 mg/kg, respectively). Vitamins A and E administered in small doses to intact animals and rabbits with experimental myocardial infarction produced marked damage of lysosome membranes, whereas high doses of vitamins had no similar effect in either intact or experimental-infarction animals. PMID- 6620823 TI - [Status of the pulmonary ventilating and gas exchange function in patients with acute myocardial infarction depending on age, clinical signs of circulatory insufficiency and concomitant hypertonic disease]. PMID- 6620824 TI - [Premature excitation of the ventricular myocardium in restricted adhesive pericarditis]. PMID- 6620825 TI - [Pulmonary artery pressure in children with chronic tonsillitis before tonsillectomy and immediately afterwards]. PMID- 6620826 TI - [Indices of central and cerebral circulation in patients with neurocirculatory dystonia]. PMID- 6620827 TI - [Relation between the concentration of sex and thyroid hormones in the blood of ischemic heart disease patients and the state of lipid metabolism]. PMID- 6620828 TI - [Effect of antibradykinin preparations and nicotinic acid on the microcirculation and blood oxygen balance of ischemic heart disease patients in the initial stage of heart failure]. PMID- 6620829 TI - [Therapeutic effect of the beta-adrenergic receptor blocker corgard (nadolol) and its effect on hemodynamics in hypertensive patients]. AB - The therapeutic effect of the non-cardioselective beta-blocker corgard (nadolol) was examined in 40 patients with stage II essential hypertension. In 22 of those, central, intracardiac and regional hemodynamics were measured echocardiographically and rheographically after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment. Blood pressure dropped significantly by days 8-13 of treatment, as a result of cardiac index reduction mainly due to decreased heart rate. At the same time, a moderate yet significant rise in total peripheral vascular resistance was noted. Intramyocardial tension decreased, as did the thickness of the left-ventricular posterior wall and interventricular septum, which caused a significant (6.74%) reduction in myocardial weight. PMID- 6620830 TI - [Changes in the renin-aldosterone system after unilateral portalization of adrenal and renal blood in patients with arterial hypertension]. AB - Twenty-one patients with severe arterial hypertension were operated on using an original procedure, which consisted in creating a left-side renoportal venous anastomosis and right-side adrenalectomy. A considerable hypotensive effect was noted at both early and late follow-up. A drop in vascular peripheral resistance as a result of decreased blood aldosterone and cortisol levels as well as sodium elimination was found to be the principal mechanism of the hypotensive effect. PMID- 6620832 TI - [Adrenocortical activity of hypertensive patients in response to emotional stress]. PMID- 6620831 TI - [Differences in the rates of Na/Li-countertransport in the erythrocyte membranes of hypertensive and renal hypertensive patients]. AB - Erythrocyte membrane permeability was studied by means of sodium-lithium countertransport measurement in patients with essential and renal hypertension and in healthy volunteers. In essential hypertension, erythrocyte membrane permeability was 60 per cent higher than the control value. There was no difference between permeability values of renal hypertensive patients and healthy subjects. Erythrocyte membrane permeability was not related to age or sex in normotensive subjects. Permeability pattern is assumed to be a useful parameter for differential diagnosis of arterial hypertensions and for establishing hereditary origin of essential hypertension. PMID- 6620833 TI - [Mental changes in hypertensive patients during long-term ambulatory treatment]. AB - A total of 149 subjects with borderline arterial hypertension and patients with essential hypertension, stages I-III, were studied. Prolonged (up to 1 year) active hypotensive treatment produced considerable improvement of general wellbeing, blood pressure reduction and an obvious tendency to balancing mentality disorders. Hemiton and reserpine were the most effective drugs in this respect, and obsidan was only slightly less effective. During prolonged treatment, subjects with borderline arterial hypertension can show transitory worsening of their mental status which requires psychotherapeutic correction. Medical rehabilitation for subjects with borderline arterial hypertension should be well-founded. PMID- 6620834 TI - [Features of renal dynamics among patients with vasorenal hypertension according to rheographic findings]. AB - Preoperative and late postoperative rheonephrographic findings in 23 patients with vasorenal hypertension are reported. Renal rheography was supplemented with a controlled hypotension test. Diagnostic and predictive value of renal rheography and the controlled hypotension test is explained. Indirect evidence of the irreversible nature of renal angiosclerotic changes on the side of occlusive lesion was demonstrated in patients with poor surgical results and a relatively intact contralateral kidney. PMID- 6620835 TI - [Pathogenesis of borderline arterial hypertension in young persons]. AB - A total of 1000 students were screened, and borderline arterial, hypertension (BAH) was found in 152 of those. The investigation of microcirculation (by conjunctive biomicroscopy), central hemodynamics and physical stress tolerance showed increased minute blood volume in the absence of adequate arteriole dilatation to be the primary factor in BAH pathogenesis. Physical stress tolerance was similar in BAH and normotensive subjects. BAH subjects showed a specific pattern of cardiovascular response to muscular work. PMID- 6620836 TI - [Incidence of mitral valve prolapse among the population of Moscow]. AB - A total of 1934 subjects aged 11 to 70 were screened phonocardiographically for mitral valve prolapse. Systolic click, systolic murmur or a combination of the two were found in 2.64 +/- 0.36% of the subjects (a 95% confidence margin). The incidence of mitral valve prolapse was not significantly dependent on sex and age. In subjects with mitral valve prolapse, the phono- and echocardiographic findings did not always correlate. PMID- 6620837 TI - [Surgical treatment of valvular lesions of the heart in septic endocarditis]. AB - Surgical interventions for valvular septic lesions of the heart were performed in 21 patients. Total surgical mortality reached 53%. The mortality rate was smaller in the patients with primary septic endocarditis, in spite of their poorer initial condition, as compared to the patients with secondary septic endocarditis coupled with rheumatic process (33 and 75%, respectively). A classification of septic endocarditis is proposed, based on their etiology, pathogenesis and clinical course, the type of affected valve, the extent of circulatory disturbance and prospective complications. Correct diagnosis and identification of indications for surgery with the help of this classification, timely surgical treatment, improved surgical techniques and accumulated clinical experience have all contributed to reducing the mortality rate to 12.5%. PMID- 6620838 TI - [Angiocardiographic symptomatology and hemodynamic disorders in cardiac myxoma]. AB - Hemodynamic and angiocardiographic findings are analysed in 10 patients with intracardiac myxomas of varying localization: right-atrial myxoma in 1, right ventricular myxoma in 2, left-atrial in 6, and multiple right-atrial and right ventricular myxomas in 1. The pattern of intracardiac hemodynamic disorder depends on the site of tumour and resembles patterns associated with various valvular defects. Selective angiocardiography combined with roentgenocinematography can yield the most objective information for myxoma diagnosis. PMID- 6620839 TI - [Feasibility of echocardiography in evaluation of hemodynamic disorders in patients with interatrial septal defects]. AB - Changes in heart cavities were examined echocardiographically in 71 patients with various forms of defective interatrial septum. Echocardiographic findings were correlated with heart cavity catheterization data in 64 cases and verified at surgery in 46. Criteria have been established for the assessment of arterial- venous blood discharge in relation to the changes in heart cavity size. PMID- 6620840 TI - [Surgical tactics in hypoplasia of branches of the pulmonary artery in patients with the tetrad of Fallot]. AB - A quantitative method has been developed for the assessment of the summary section area of the main pulmonary artery branches in Fallot's tetrad, and its value for the prediction of radical surgery outcomes is demonstrated. Shunting operations are shown to have a considerable positive effect on the expansion of pulmonary arterial bed. The range of indications for complete correction of the defect is determined, and management strategy is specified for patients with narrow pulmonary arterial branches. PMID- 6620841 TI - [Electro- and phonocardiographic diagnosis of interatrial septal defect and pulmonary hypertension in patients over 20 years old]. AB - Combined findings in 89 patient over 20 with an interatrial septum defect (IASD) have shown that the frequency of pulmonary hypertension increases with age. Electrocardiographic criteria of pulmonary hypertension do not allow a reliable diagnosis with pressures below 50 mm Hg. Tone I amplitude, Q - Tone I duration, the extent of splitting and correlation of Tone II components cannot be used as PCG criteria of pulmonary hypertension either. The Q - "systolic murmur peak" interval decreases as pulmonary arterial pressure goes up. Systolic murmur amplitude is not relevant for the diagnosis of either the IASD, or pulmonary hypertension. Diastolic murmurs associated with secondary IASD are a more frequent finding, but show no distinctive features. PMID- 6620842 TI - [State of hemodynamics and myocardial contractility according to intracardiac findings long after valve prosthesis for acquired heart defects]. AB - Intracardiac findings before and late after valvular prosthesis application were analysed in 36 patients with intact prosthetic function. In cases of good surgical outcomes, major hemodynamic parameters normalize or improve considerably by the late postoperative period. Domestic prostheses (MKS-25, MKC-27, and AKC 02, AKC-06), although causing a diastolic pressure gradient of about 6.5 mm Hg on the mitral valve and a systolic pressure gradient of about 25-30 mm Hg on the aortal valve, on the whole provide a good and stable hemodynamic effect. PMID- 6620843 TI - [Method of increasing the effectiveness of assisted circulation]. AB - The effect of venoaortal and atrioaortal auxiliary circulation (AC) on myocardial contractility of the left and right ventricles was examined in patients with acute heart failure following cardiac surgery. The atrioaortal AC technique proved to be more effective. A short-time warming of the blood from 37 degrees to 39 degrees C enhances the favourable effect of auxiliary circulation on myocardial contractility. PMID- 6620844 TI - [Intracellular La3+-resistant calcium pools in the blood vessels and hearts of rats with spontaneous hypertension]. AB - A significant increase was demonstrated in the capacity of intracellular La3+ resistant calcium pools with high affinity to calcium in the aorta, tail artery and left ventricle of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), while low-affinity pools were only increased in SHR vessels. Rates of 45Ca metabolism in low- and high-affinity pools were significantly higher in SHR aortas as compared to the controls. Increased levels of intracellular metabolizing calcium and its abnormal vascular and heart transport in SHR can account for enhanced reactivity of these tissues and increased peripheral vascular resistance in arterial hypertension. PMID- 6620845 TI - [Role of coronary vessel reactivity in regulating myocardial blood supply]. AB - Coronary vascular reactivity to transitory myocardial ischemia was investigated in experiments on isolated canine heart perfused by donor blood. The investigation was performed under different cardiac functional activity regimens conditioned by a stepwise increase of volume loading. The obtained results showed that myocardial blood supply rise was accompanied by an increase in maximum reactive blood flow within the ascending arm of the ventricular function curve. On the curve plateau, a further coronary blood flow increase was combined with reduced reactive hyperemia. Left-ventricular overloading was associated with a reduction in both working hyperemia and coronary reserve. The findings demonstrate that changes in heart function are accompanied with changes in the reactivity of coronary vessels that contribute to the regulation of adequate blood supply of the heart and largely determine coronary dilative reserve and its potential realization. PMID- 6620846 TI - [Heterogeneity of human aortic and arterial endothelium: quantitative study using scanning electron microscopy]. AB - Endothelial lining of the aorta and iliac artery of children under 7 years of age is a homogeneous layer covered with small and medium-sized cells. Large and giant endotheliocytes can only be seen in lipid streaks. In adults with marked atherosclerosis aged 40-75 years, the surface of aortal and arterial lumen is a heterogeneous monolayer covered with polymorphous cells. In lipid streaks and on plaques large and giant endotheliocytes account for 25-41% of total cell population, with giant cells covering up to 50% of the plaque surface. It is suggested that monolayer areas of low and very low density, covered with large and giant cells, can be morphologic markers of arterial involvement in the atheromatous process. PMID- 6620847 TI - Iron removal during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis using deferoxamine. PMID- 6620848 TI - Abstracts: joint meeting of the Italian, Spanish, and French Societies of Nephrology. Lyon, France, October 22-23, 1982. PMID- 6620849 TI - Theoretical analysis of pathogenetic mechanisms in experimental acute renal failure. AB - A network thermodynamic model of glomerular dynamics has been employed to determine the degree of change in individual glomerular vascular resistances, hydraulic conductivity and proximal tubule pressure that, singly or in concert, could lower GFR to the degree expected in experimental acute renal failure (ARF). In both the rat and dog, the analysis shows that filtration failure is not achieved until preglomerular resistance (RA) is increased at least twofold or postglomerular resistance (RE) is decreased by 74% or more with all other determinants held at control values. Tubular obstruction alone will not provide failed filtration until tubule pressure is increased to 30 to 40 mm Hg in the rat and 44 mm Hg in the dog. A much smaller change in tubular pressure can contribute greatly to the development of filtration failure, however, when occurring in association with major change in individual vascular resistances. Glomerular capillary resistance must be increased to a value more than twice the normal sum of RA and RE (greater than fivefold in the dog), and glomerular capillary hydraulic conductivity lowered to below 5% of control, as isolated changes, before full filtration failure is approached. There is no reason to believe that most forms of ARF relate to only a single abnormality, however, and the effect of concomitant changes in individual resistances, hydraulic conductivity and proximal tubule pressure on glomerular filtration and blood flow is presented in the text and figures. A possible mechanism by which altered blood viscosity at the efferent arteriole may contribute to ARF is discussed and quantified. The degree of change in any determinant required to exert a given effect on filtration is independent of etiology, thus rendering the results of this analysis equally valid for any other pathological event which causes a significantly reduced GFR in the rat or dog. PMID- 6620850 TI - Disparity between surface and deep nephron function early after renal ischemia. AB - Experiments were performed using a variety of methods to assess the functional status of different nephron populations following 45 min of renal ischemia in the rat. Micropuncture techniques revealed that SNGFR and reabsorption in the surface nephrons are only modestly reduced after ischemia, whereas kidney GFR and reabsorption are more severely affected. Determinations of bolus velocity with the Hanssen technique or of glomerular blood flow with the microsphere method confirmed that both were highest in the surface nephrons, lower in the middle nephrons and lowest of all in the juxtamedullary nephrons after ischemia. It is concluded that surface nephron function is well-maintained following ischemia and that it is the functional deficiency of the deeper nephrons that is predominantly responsible for the impairment in whole kidney function. Although the pathogenic mechanism is not yet clear, neither tubular obstruction nor tubular leakage in the deeper nephrons seems to be involved. The present findings suggest that micropuncture of the surface nephrons is a technique of questionable validity for studying this type of acute renal failure, they explain the inability of the kidney to concentrate the final urine, and they predict a more pronounced deficiency in medullary than in outer cortical blood flow. PMID- 6620851 TI - Renal cystic disease induced by diphenylthiazole. AB - Intranephron hydrostatic pressures were monitored while microperfusing proximal nephrons in diphenylthiazole (DPT)-exposed kidneys, a model in which increased compliance of tubular basement membrane is thought to predispose to cyst formation. Structural studies subsequently were done on these and additional kidneys. Results were compared to those obtained from the study of kidneys from normal rats. Intranephron hydrostatic pressures were shown to rise with microperfusion and did so at lower rates of perfusion among DPT exposed nephrons. For example, at four perfusion rates between 17 and 36 nl/min (60 to 130% of the SNGFR in DPT-fed rats), intranephron hydrostatic pressures were 6 to 14 cm H2O higher (P less than 0.05) in DPT-exposed kidneys. Subsequent light and electron microscopic examination of DPT-exposed kidneys showed micropolyps partially occluding inner medullary and intrapapillary collecting ducts. DPT-induced renal cystic disease resembles other forms of chemically induced renal cystic disease in its functional and structural parameters save that micropolyp formation appears to occur nearer the papillary tip. We conclude that conditions in the DPT exposed rat kidney resemble more closely those predicted by the partial obstruction rather than by the increased compliance hypothesis of renal cyst formation. PMID- 6620852 TI - Impaired energy metabolism in skeletal muscle during phosphate depletion. AB - The effects of phosphate depletion (PD) of 4, 8, and 12 weeks on skeletal muscle energy metabolism were studied in rats fed a phosphate deficiency diet and compared with rats pairfed with a normal phosphate diet. Skeletal muscle biopsy specimens were examined for energy production, transport, and utilization. The results show that already by 4 weeks of PD, the concentration of inorganic phosphorus of the skeletal muscle was significantly reduced and remained low thereafter. There was significant (P less than 0.01) and direct correlation between the cellular inorganic phosphorus and that of serum phosphorus. Adenine nucleotides, ATP, ADP, AMP, and creatine phosphate levels did not change. Mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation were impaired by PD. Total cellular mitochondrial and myofibrillar creatine phosphokinase activities were significantly reduced at 4 weeks of PD and fell further at 8 and 12 weeks. There was a significant (P less than 0.01) and direct correlation between the activity of total extractable creatine phosphokinase and both serum and cellular levels of inorganic phosphorus. These data show that chronic PD is associated with a decrease in energy production, transfer, and utilization by skeletal muscle and provides information on the molecular events responsible for the myopathy of PD. PMID- 6620853 TI - Childhood nephrotic syndrome associated with diffuse mesangial hypercellularity. A report of the Southwest Pediatric Nephrology Study Group. AB - Clinico-pathologic correlations and therapeutic responses were examined in 29 children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) and diffuse mesangial hypercellularity (DMH). At the onset of INS, microscopic hematuria was noted in 89%, hypertension in 46%, and impaired renal function in 24% of patients. Semiquantitative grading of the renal histopathology revealed mild (1+), moderate (2+), and severe (3+) grades of DMH in 13, 11, and 5 patients, respectively. Higher grades of DMH were associated with glomerular electron dense deposits and severe hematuria. Twelve of 24 steroid-treated patients had complete remissions of INS, and three had partial remissions. Of the nine patients resistant to steroid therapy, six received chlorambucil or cyclophosphamide but none responded. Resistance to steroids was associated with more severe DMH and the presence of glomerular electron dense deposits. The presence of positive immunofluorescence was unrelated to steroid responsiveness or outcome. After a mean follow-up of 29 months, proteinuria was present in ten of 26 patients but only two had impaired renal function. Our limited follow-up of these patients with INS and DMH suggests that initial response to steroid therapy is a better indicator of subsequent clinical course than the degree of DMH. PMID- 6620854 TI - Oral essential aminoacid and ketoacid supplements in children with chronic renal failure. AB - The effects on growth, body composition, and metabolism of a protein-restricted diet supplemented with essential aminoacids, the calcium-ketoacids of valine, leucine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine, and the calcium-hydroxyacid of methionine, were investigated in seven growth-retarded children with chronic renal failure. During 0.4 to 1.0 years of treatment there were significant increases in growth velocity and upper arm circumference SD scores, body cell mass (intracellular water calculated as tritium space minus corrected sodium bromide space) and serum transferrin. Blood urea and urea:creatinine ratio fell in all children. Renal function assessed from plasma creatinine and 51Cr EDTA clearance did not change significantly. During treatment there was an increase in plasma calcium, high levels necessitating brief interruption of therapy in two children, and a decrease in plasma phosphate. Levels of serum parathormone fell in all children, and were correlated inversely with plasma calcium and positively with plasma phosphate. Abnormalities compared to control children in blood aminoacid and branched-chain ketoacid levels were unaffected by treatment. These results suggest that a protein-restricted diet supplemented with essential aminoacids and calcium-keto and hydroxyacids may be useful to improve linear growth and nutritional status in children with chronic renal failure, and that a reduction in hyperparathyroidism may be partly responsible for some of the beneficial effects observed. PMID- 6620855 TI - [Skin changes as a diagnostic sign in visceral lupus erythematosus in childhood]. PMID- 6620856 TI - [Panophthalmia caused by Pseudomonas in a newborn infant--indication for ophthalmologic-pediatric cooperation]. PMID- 6620857 TI - [Television epilepsy]. PMID- 6620858 TI - [Current status of the diagnosis and surgical treatment of the superior vena cava syndrome]. PMID- 6620859 TI - [Use of hyperbaric oxygenation in the complex treatment of diabetic angiopathies]. PMID- 6620860 TI - [Patterns in the progression of peripheral hemodynamic disorders in acute ischemia of the extremities]. PMID- 6620861 TI - [Feasibility of polarography in evaluating peripheral circulation in obliterating diseases of the arteries of the extremities]. PMID- 6620862 TI - [Dynamics of several rheologic changes in the blood in acute ischemia of the extremities and their prognostic significance]. PMID- 6620863 TI - [Surgical treatment of aneurysms of the renal arteries]. PMID- 6620864 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of osteo-vascular injuries of the extremities]. PMID- 6620865 TI - [Autovenous plasty of vessels in emergency surgery of the hands and fingers]. PMID- 6620866 TI - [Experimental microanastomoses and microvenous autoprosthesis of veins using the microsurgical suture material "Metallotraum"]. PMID- 6620867 TI - [Surgical treatment of interatrial septal defects in adults]. PMID- 6620868 TI - [Correction of complicated mitral stenosis from a median approach]. PMID- 6620869 TI - [Extrathoracic reconstructive surgery in the brachiocephalic zone]. PMID- 6620870 TI - [Surgical treatment of suppurative pericarditis after surgery with artificial circulation]. PMID- 6620871 TI - [Pathogenetic analysis of indices of central and intracardiac hemodynamics in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease during the preoperative period]. PMID- 6620872 TI - [Establishing a subclavian-pulmonary anastomosis in the presence of a short subclavian artery trunk]. PMID- 6620873 TI - [Reconstructive surgery in the treatment of obliterating diseases of the aorta and vessels of the ileo-femoral segment]. PMID- 6620874 TI - [X-ray-angiographic studies in the diagnosis of occlusive lesions of the major arteries of the lower extremities]. PMID- 6620875 TI - [Treatment of osteo-vascular injuries of the extremities]. PMID- 6620876 TI - [Inferior shoulder skin-adipose flap for microvascular plasty of tissue defects]. PMID- 6620878 TI - [Liquid-crystal thermography in the diagnosis of varicose veins of the lower extremities]. PMID- 6620877 TI - [Paravascular and intraspongiosal administration of a therapeutic mixture in the complex treatment of thrombophlebitis of the extremities]. PMID- 6620879 TI - [1st attempt at using acupuncture in heart surgery patients]. PMID- 6620880 TI - [Acute postoperative thrombosis of the aorta, its branches and the major veins in emergency vascular surgery]. PMID- 6620881 TI - [Combined treatment of patients with injuries of major vessels]. PMID- 6620882 TI - [Repeated surgical interventions in reocclusions of major arteries of the aorto iliac and femoro-popliteal segments]. PMID- 6620883 TI - [10 years patency of endarterectomized femoral arteries]. PMID- 6620884 TI - [Surgical treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in patients over 30 years old]. PMID- 6620886 TI - [Postembolic occlusion of major vessels]. PMID- 6620885 TI - [Long-term novocaine blockade of the lumbar sympathetic ganglia in the treatment of obliterating diseases of the lower extremities]. PMID- 6620888 TI - [Martorell's syndrome]. PMID- 6620887 TI - [Use of baralgin in the treatment of the ischemic pain syndrome and as a component of general anesthesia in angiosurgery]. PMID- 6620889 TI - [Phlegmasia cerulea of the lower extremities complicating wounds of the thigh]. PMID- 6620890 TI - [Weber-Christian panniculitis in the differential diagnosis of diseases of the veins of the lower extremities]. PMID- 6620891 TI - [X-ray semeiotics of chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremities]. PMID- 6620892 TI - [Atypical shunting in the treatment of patients with acute thrombosis of the arteries of the extremities]. PMID- 6620893 TI - [A method of measuring portal pressure]. PMID- 6620894 TI - [Determination of the localization of the Glisson's capsule of the liver segments in anatomical resection (experimental study)]. PMID- 6620895 TI - [Double hepaticojejunostomy in cicatricial stricture of the hepatic ducts]. PMID- 6620896 TI - [An open method of treatment of patients with burns in isolators with infrared irradiation]. PMID- 6620897 TI - [Long-term results of conservative and surgical treatment of pancreonecrosis]. PMID- 6620898 TI - [Two observations of large liver abscesses]. PMID- 6620899 TI - [Pancreatic pseudocyst]. PMID- 6620900 TI - [Isolated pancreatic injury during blunt abdominal injury in a child]. PMID- 6620901 TI - [Acute pancreatitis during late pregnancy]. PMID- 6620902 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of chronic primary pancreatitis]. PMID- 6620904 TI - [Effect of subtotal resection of the pancreas on glycogen metabolism in the liver and muscles]. PMID- 6620903 TI - [Results of the treatment of pancreonecrosis]. PMID- 6620905 TI - [Use of hyperbaric oxygenation in combined treatment of patients with acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 6620906 TI - [Use of lasers in surgery of the pancreas]. PMID- 6620907 TI - [Hemosorption in combined treatment of destructive variants of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 6620908 TI - [Functional state, hemodynamics and liver oxygenation in pancreatitis]. PMID- 6620909 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of blunt injuries of the pancreas]. PMID- 6620910 TI - [Temporary occlusion of afferent blood vessels of one-half of the liver]. PMID- 6620911 TI - [Drainage of liver wounds]. PMID- 6620912 TI - [Surgical treatment of focal liver lesions]. PMID- 6620913 TI - [Splenectomy in patients with liver cirrhosis complicated by portal hypertension]. PMID- 6620914 TI - [Comparative evaluation of different methods of ligation of varicose veins of the esophagus and stomach in patients with extrahepatic portal hypertension]. PMID- 6620915 TI - [Surgical treatment of patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension syndrome]. PMID- 6620916 TI - [The causes of progressive vein involvement in extrahepatic block of the portal circulation in children]. PMID- 6620917 TI - [Evaluation of the indices of cholate formation in calculous cholecystitis]. PMID- 6620918 TI - [Therapeutic tactics in acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 6620919 TI - [Extracorporeal detoxication in surgery]. PMID- 6620920 TI - [Diagnosis of gallbladder diseases by computed tomography]. PMID- 6620921 TI - [First experience with occlusion of the pancreatic duct with adhesive KL-3 in the treatment of pancreatic diseases]. PMID- 6620922 TI - [Late postoperative complications in stomach and duodenal ulcers]. PMID- 6620923 TI - [Stomach resection with anterior colectomy in advanced duodenal ulcers]. PMID- 6620924 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of gallbladder cholesterosis]. PMID- 6620925 TI - [Heart valve diseases complicated by adhesive pericarditis]. PMID- 6620926 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of the stomach with a report of 2 cases]. PMID- 6620927 TI - [Clinico-roentgenological evaluation of colonic obstruction]. PMID- 6620928 TI - [The causes of recurrence following the treatment of inguinal hernia]. PMID- 6620929 TI - [Clinico-morphological characteristics of penile tumors]. PMID- 6620930 TI - [Current surgical treatment of male infertility]. PMID- 6620931 TI - [Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis]. PMID- 6620932 TI - [A case of Crohn disease with localization in the colon]. PMID- 6620933 TI - [Compression of the extrarenal blood vessels in kidney dystopia]. PMID- 6620934 TI - [A new design of a phleboextractor for the surgery of varicose veins of the lower extremities]. PMID- 6620935 TI - [First National Conference on Pancreas Surgery. Sofia, 1981]. PMID- 6620936 TI - [Left anterior hemiblock (left axis deviation) in the ECG of children before and after heart surgery]. AB - In this study 18 248 ECG's were reviewed. In 212 children were found an extreme left axis deviation (or left anterior hemiblock) in ECG. In 44 (or 21%) exists an extreme left axis deviation before or after operation on congenital heart malformations. In 24 children this pathological deviation of the heart axis first appeared post-surgically. After critical analysis, however, it became apparent that it was factually correct to speak of a left anterior hemi-block in only 10 cases. This terminology was especially encountered after repair of ventricle septal defects and total corrections of Tetralogy of Fallot, if at the same time a right bundle branch block existed in the sense of a bifascicular block. Some cases are especially difficult to judge; namely those in which on the basis of the heart defect itself, an extreme left axis deviation is likely to exist before surgery, as for example in endocardial cushion defects. Also, it is possible that an extreme left axis deviation could be reversed in the normal QRS-angle after operation. PMID- 6620937 TI - [The value of computer tomographic examination in children with congenital tetra- and diplegia]. AB - 31 children suffering from congenital spastic di- or quadriplegia, born between 1963-1976, were re-examined neurologically and admitted to CT. The mental level was obtained by noting the educational placement of the child. 14 patients showed normal CT patterns. In 17 patients a volume loss of the cerebral white matter with ventricular enlargement was present, but there were no local cortical defects. From similar changes on the ventricles in CT four different patterns can be ascertained. Belonging to one of these CT patterns permits no statement about the neurological and mental defect in an individual case. But massive ventricular enlargements e vacuo go hand in hand with serious neurological and mental defects. PMID- 6620938 TI - [Pubertal status of pupils in orientation classes with reference to school sports]. AB - Tanner scores of pubertal development were determined in 194 girls and 190 boys of the fifth and sixth grades. There was a wide scatter of Tanner scores both within and between sexes, reflecting considerable variability of pubertal development in these age cohorts. Physical performance depends on muscle mass and muscle strength. Since these variables are related to pubertal development, training programs and training goals must take the stage of pubertal development into consideration. A comparison of Tanner scores and sport ratings showed that the factor "pubertal development" is usually accounted for in daily practice. PMID- 6620939 TI - [The body image of children of nursery school age]. AB - Both from the view of the pediatrician (16) and the child analyst (3, 6, 9, 21), and recently, too, by behavioral biologists (15) the emotional aspects of illness and hospitalization have been treated with increasing differentiation. On the other hand there are only few studies regarding the cognitive aspects of the problem, i.e. the concepts children have of their bodies and of illness, which depend on the momentary level of their intellectual development. Children's ideas and fears arising from illness or hospitalization frequently can only be understood with the knowledge of the actual body-image. Therefore we have tried to investigate by interviews and drawings of three- to seven-year-old preschoolers their conceptions of the interior of the body and its function. The sources of these ideas were discussed and some suggestions were made how the results of the study could be used in hospital and kindergarten. PMID- 6620940 TI - [Invagination: diagnosis and conservative therapy]. AB - The article reports on the case history of a 8 month old baby who fell ill of a ileocolic intussusception. The barium enema demonstrated the typical cupping in the head of the barium. The successful reposition by hydrostatic pressure was manifest by barium reflux in the small intestine. PMID- 6620941 TI - [Granulocyte function defects, chromosome anomalies and blood group chimerism in 2 sisters with familial aplastic anemia (Estren-Dameshek type)]. PMID- 6620942 TI - [Pulmonary agenesis in partial trisomy 2 p and 21 q]. AB - A case with bilateral cheilognathopalatoschisis, and dysplastic features agenesis of the left lung is reported. Complete absence of one lung is a very rare malformation and was due to our knowledge not reported in partial trisomy 2 p or 21 q. PMID- 6620944 TI - Ultrasensitive latex-agglutination-test for the specific immunochemical detection and quantification of faecal occult blood loss. AB - Latex agglutination was used for the development of a simple and fast immunochemical faecal occult blood test which is ultrasensitive and specific for human haemoglobin. "In vitro" detection limits of 0.0002 and 0.003 ml blood/100 g stool homogenate were obtained for the tube and filter versions of the latex agglutination test. The quantification of the blood content in stool homogenates is possible by diluting the haemoglobin containing faecal extract until no more agglutination occurs. Considering the nonuniform distribution of blood in faeces "in vivo" sensitivities of greater than 0.002 and greater than 0.03 ml blood loss/day respectively can be expected for the tube and filter versions of the latex agglutination test. This test is about 10,000 times more sensitive than the unspecific chemical guaiac type occult blood tests and at least 1,000 times more sensitive than other immunochemical occult blood tests which use immunofluorescence, radial immunodiffusion or an enzyme immunoassay. Nuclear medical reference methods like 51Cr faecal excretion or 59Fe whole body retention cannot be used for the calibration of the ultrasensitive latex agglutination test since they are not specific for blood losses below 3 (51Cr) and 5 (59Fe) ml/day. PMID- 6620943 TI - The effect of AR-L 115 BS on left ventricular function in patients with coronary heart disease and dilated cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6620945 TI - The development of children in a Japanese rural village (Yokawa-Cho)--a prospective longitudinal study. PMID- 6620946 TI - Influence of semantic work category and mora number on naming disturbances in Japanese aphasics. PMID- 6620947 TI - Properties of cultured epithelial cells from liver and amniotic fluid. PMID- 6620948 TI - [Optokinetic nystagmus and optokinetic resistance of cosmonauts in preflight and postflight periods]. AB - The influence of space flight factors on optomotor reactions and optokinetic resistance of 17 cosmonauts after prolonged (75 and 185 days) and short-term (4, 7, 14 days) flights is discussed. PMID- 6620949 TI - [Effect of head-down-tilt hypokinesia on pulmonary blood flow and gas exchange]. AB - The purpose of the study was to investigate gas exchange and lung perfusion during 14-day head-down tilt and immediately thereafter. During head-down tilting pulmonary circulation increased, as suggested by zonal rheography of the lungs and by ECG (increase in the PII-III amplitude and width by 1-2 mm and 0.01-0.02 s, respectively). A significant decrease in O2 tension and a slight increase in CO2 tension of the arterial blood were detected. Immediately post-test pulmonary circulation declined and metabolic acidosis developed simultaneously. Our findings suggest that drugs reducing pulmonary hypertension can be recommended for emergency medical aid in space flight. PMID- 6620950 TI - [Contrast thermal effects in a sauna as a means of increasing human orthostatic resistance]. AB - Contrast thermal effects in the sauna bath help increase orthostatic tolerance. This is associated with a lower increase of heart rate, an increase in pulse pressure and a smaller change in ECG and PCG in the standing position. It is recommended to use contrast thermal effects of the sauna bath to maintain and improve man's orthostatic tolerance. PMID- 6620951 TI - [Effect of 7-day immersion hyperkinesia on the response-strength properties of human skeletal muscles]. AB - By isokinetic dynamometry the effect of 7-day water immersion on the velocity strength properties of the triceps and anterior tibial muscles was investigated. The exposure decreased significantly the maximum strength of the leg extensors (about 30%); this was seen in a large velocity range (60-180 degrees/s) and during static movements. The decline of the contractile properties of the extensors was also manifested in a significant increase of the ratio of bioelectrical and mechanical effects of contraction which was greatly pronounced during high-load (60 degrees/s) and isometric regimens. The strength properties of the tibial muscle diminished only during isometric contractions. The high rate with which the above changes developed and returned to normal after the exposure (3-5 days) are indicative of their reflex nature and association with mechanisms of tonic disorders due to the lack of support loading. PMID- 6620953 TI - [Lymphoid organs of monkeys in head-down-tilt hypokinesia (an experimental morphological study)]. AB - The histological study of the thymus, spleen and inguinal lymph nodes of monkeys exposed to head-down tilt (-6 degrees) for 7 or 19 days showed that the exposure caused an acute stress that resulted in the thymus involution and hypoplasia of the lymphoid tissue of the spleen and lymph nodes. The exposure produced fluid redistribution due to which the spleen blood content decreased and the mass of inguinal lymph nodes increased. This was induced by partial pooling of the lymph flowing from the lower extremities. The exposure also led to autoimmune developments. PMID- 6620952 TI - [Morphometric study and mass measurement of the heart of rats in long-term hypokinesia]. AB - Hearts of adult rats exposed to 30, 60, 90, 120 and 165-day hypokinesia were examined by histological, morphometric and massmetric methods. Prolonged hypokinesia delayed rat growth and terminated heart growth. As compared to the controls, the delayed increase of the heart mass of hypokinetic rats was induced by the discontinued growth of cardiomyocytes. The growth of the right and the left heart was inhibited in a similar degree. PMID- 6620955 TI - [Role of gravitational force in the early embryogenesis of the teleost Brachidanio rerio]. AB - The effect of turning and clinostating, exposures on the early embryogenesis of the teleost B. rerio was investigated. The eggs turned immediately after fertilization with their animal pole downwards and kept so till the formation of the axial complex developed in an absolutely normal way. Most eggs also developed normally during clinostating, when kept in the inclined and horizontal clinostats. During this exposure eggs of some clutches perished. They were those eggs which were unable to develop near the lower limits of the temperature range characteristic of B. rerio development (18-19.5 degrees C). PMID- 6620954 TI - [Effect of space flight on the Kosmos-1129 biosatellite on enzyme activity of the rat liver]. AB - After the 18.5 day Cosmos-1129 flight the activity of 7 glucocorticoid-stimulated enzymes of the rat liver was measured. Immediately postflight the activity of tyrosine aminotransferase, tryptophan pyrolase and serine dehydrogenase increased. These enzymes rapidly (within several hours) react to increased glucocorticoids. The activity of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases also increased. These enzymes require many days of a continuous effect of glucocorticoids. The glycogen concentration in the rat liver also grew. At R + 6 the activity of tryptophan pyrolase and serine dehydrogenase decreased and that of the other enzymes returned to normal. The immobilization stress applied postflight led to an increased activity of tyrosine aminotransferase and tryptophan pyrolase. This study gives evidence that after space flight rats are in an acute stress state, evidently, produced by the biosatellite recovery. PMID- 6620956 TI - [Effect of centrifugation on the early embryogenesis of the teleost Brachidanio rerio]. AB - The early embryogenesis of the teleost Brachidanio rerio has been shown to be resistant to centrifugation. Beginning with the blastula stage, the development proceeds normally in 90% embryos centrifuged at 500 g for 1 h. Beginning with early developmental stages, embryos grow and develop normally when exposed to long-term centrifugation at 50 g. The exposure produces partial inhibition of cytotomy (with nuclear division continued). This effect changes the proportions of the cellular and syncytial fractions of the embryo (blastoderm and periblast). The exposure to centrifugation also reveals the dorsoventral asymmetry of egg surface tension. Resistance to centrifugation is attributed to the fact that the polarization control is beyond the cell embryonic fraction. PMID- 6620957 TI - [Effect of a nitrogen admixture in the inhaled oxygen on the effectiveness of 2 hour desaturation before decompression from 760 to 220 mm Hg]. AB - The ground-based experimental study of denitrogenation by oxygen breathing showed that two-hour denitrogenation was inadequate if the breathing gas contained about 10% nitrogen or if the process included 3-10 min of air breathing. The reduction of the nitrogen content in the breathing gas to 0.4-5% eliminated severe forms of the decompression disease and decreased significantly the incidence of its mild forms to 3.2%. This allowed work of moderate load at the ambient pressure 220 mm Hg after two-hour breathing of oxygen with nitrogen admixture of no more than 5%. PMID- 6620958 TI - [Biological effects of the action of a high-tension DC electrical field]. AB - The experiments were carried out on 345 white mice using hematological and pathomorphological procedures. The constant electric field (CEF) was generated in a special laboratory device. The exposure to CEF of 50 and 100 kV/m for 20 s caused hematological and morphological changes typical of the anxiety stage of the adaptation syndrome. The exposure also produced morphological changes of reactive and destructive type in skeletal muscles and different segments of kinesthetic receptors. The level of the above changes appears to be directly related to the CEF strength. PMID- 6620959 TI - [Variation pulsimetry in evaluating the effect of permanent magnetic fields on cardiac activity]. AB - By variation pulsimetry changes in the cardiac rhythm of 30 rats exposed to a constant magnetic field (CMF) were examined. Three stages different in statistical parameters were distinguished: transient process when the electromagnet is turned on; shift of variation curves of the cardiac intervals to the right and development of bradycardia during exposure to CMF of 0.4 T (10-30 min) and 1.6 T (3 h); adaptation and rearrangement of the cardiac rhythm towards a higher frequency during and after 24 h exposure to CMF of 1.6 T. In some cases atropine prevented bradycardia during CMF exposure. In most rats under nembutal anesthesia the exposure caused an opposite effect, i.e. shift of variation curves of the cardiac intervals to the left and increase in heart rate. PMID- 6620961 TI - [Effect of shift work on the circadian dynamics of body temperature]. AB - Two groups of building and manufacturing workers--men of 19-20 years old with a work record of 1 year--were examined. The test subjects of the first group (10 subjects) worked throughout the year during the morning shift only, and the test subjects of the second group (5 subjects) during two shifts (one week--morning shift, another--evening shift). The morning shift was from 8.00 a.m. to 5.00 p.m. and the evening shift from 5.00 p.m. to 1.00 a.m. The test subjects were examined as follows: 1st group subjects once, and 2nd group subjects twice--the first time after one week of the morning shift and the second time after one week of the evening shift. Diurnal variations in the rectal, sublingual and axillary temperatures were recorded continuously, beginning with 7.00 a.m. at 2 h intervals. During the two-shift work the shape of diurnal curves of body temperatures depended on the preceding shift; therefore, they showed rises at certain working hours. The morning-to-evening shift transition was accompanied by an increase in the amplitude of the daily rhythm of the three temperatures (on an average by 0.21 degrees C; P less than 0.05 after White). Unlike the one-shift work, the two-shift work was characterized by a change in the daily temperature minima to the right by 2-4 h. The amplitude and phase changes are viewed as a result of the stressogenic effect of the shift work. PMID- 6620960 TI - [Characteristics of the nutritive status of canned meats in emergency "survival" rations]. AB - Variations in the nutrient status of test subjects who for 5 days were given a survival diet made of 400 g canned meat were investigated. The energy expenditures of the test subjects were 3000-3200 kcal/day. The study was performed under moderate climate conditions. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters, as well as nitrogen, amino acid, carbohydrate and mineral metabolism were investigated. It has been demonstrated that the survival diet of the above composition can be used by the flight personnel in a contingency situation under moderate climate conditions, provided that water supply is about 1 1/day. The study has shown sporadic hypoglycemia, intensive ketonemia, heavy salt losses, and early protein deficiency. This should be taken into consideration when arranging rescue operations, rehabilitation nutrition and pilot training. It is understood that adequate preflight nutrition may be of great importance. PMID- 6620962 TI - [Adsorption property of sulfur-containing radioprotectors]. PMID- 6620963 TI - [Effect of fenibut on orthostatic resistance]. PMID- 6620964 TI - [Thyroid hormones in rats after a flight on the Kosmos-936 biosatellite]. PMID- 6620966 TI - [Chromosome disorders in the bone marrow cells of rats subjected to hyperbaric oxygenation]. PMID- 6620965 TI - [Effect of long-term space flight on the catecholamine content of isolated nuclei of the brain in rats]. PMID- 6620967 TI - [Effect of long-term obzidan administration on hypoxic resistance and thrombocyte aggregation in rats adapting to moderate altitude (1600 m)]. PMID- 6620968 TI - [Principles of organizing efficient work and rest regimens for crews on prolonged space flights]. AB - The work-rest cycles of Salyut-6 crews were investigated. Several modifications were detected: 24-hour static regimens (65-70%) and altered regimens (35-30%) with longer or shorter work-rest cycles. It is concluded that in prolonged space flights two regimens are allowed: principal regimens (normal static regimens of work and rest) used throughout the flight, and operational regimens (differing from 24-hour ones) used no more than once every 7-10 days. PMID- 6620969 TI - [Role of the central nervous system in altering the iodine content of organs and tissues in exposure to an alternating magnetic field]. PMID- 6620970 TI - Diagnostic exercise. PMID- 6620971 TI - A water valve hole coverplate for reducing traumatic death in mice. AB - Mice often attempted to escape through the opening for an automatic water valve when hanging wire cages were opened. Traumatic death or injury resulted when the cage was closed. To minimize these deaths and injuries, a coverplate was designed and tested. The coverplate prevented mice from escaping through the water valve hole during times when the cage was open and eliminated traumatic deaths or injury from being crushed by the valve as the cage was closed. PMID- 6620972 TI - Modification of polycarbonate cages for individual housing of mice. AB - Polycarbonate cages were modified with clear plastic dividers so that up to four mice could be housed individually in one cage with ad libitum access to feed and water. The method used commercially available components and was applicable for use in any study when it was necessary to keep mice separate for an extended period of time. PMID- 6620973 TI - A food pelleter for experimental diets for rats. AB - Food pellets for an experimental diet for laboratory rats were produced for long term nephrotoxicity study using a modified, commercially available pasta machine. This method eliminated the disadvantages of powdered diets and provided the advantages of pelleted diets at low production cost. A commercially available, pelleted diet was pulverized, the test agent and water added, and the mixture repelletized. No special feeding equipment was required because the repelletized diet was fed in standard lid-type feeders. It was not necessary to sterilize the diet. PMID- 6620974 TI - A simple method of intubating rats under direct vision. AB - Intubation of rats was performed under direct vision using a fiberoptic light guide for illumination. The technique was atraumatic, easily learned, and the success rate was high. PMID- 6620975 TI - Auscultatory indirect measurement of blood pressure in dogs. AB - An indirect method of measuring blood pressure (cuff plus stethoscope) was evaluated in 70 dogs weighing 15 to 30 kg (17.5 +/- 8.8 kg; mean +/- standard deviation). A cuff 12 cm wide was used. The measurements were most audible with the cuff on the upper foreleg of the dog and with the stethoscope placed in the medial epicondylar region just distal to the cuff. The cuff was inflated to greater than systolic pressure and allowed to deflate slowly. In 70 lightly sedated dogs, systolic blood pressures averaged 145 +/- 25 mmHg (mean +/- standard deviation) and diastolic blood pressures averaged 84 +/- 14 mmHg. Indirect measurements were compared to direct measurements (femoral arterial catheter). Systolic pressures obtained by this direct method averaged 138 +/- 29 mmHg (mean +/- standard deviation) and diastolic pressures averaged 84 +/- 17 mmHg. The correlation coefficient for systolic pressure was 0.96 and for diastolic pressure 0.97. PMID- 6620976 TI - Chronic catheterization of the portal vein in dogs. AB - The portal vein of dogs was catheterized using a silicone catheter with a short, straight, retroperitoneal route. This technique did not require daily irrigation to maintain patency, but permitted weekly collection of portal blood to be obtained readily. PMID- 6620977 TI - Knotted umbilical cord as a cause of death in a Cercopithecus aethiops fetus. AB - A knotted umbilical cord was found in a third trimester Cercopithecus aethiops abortus. On the maternal side of the knot, the umbilical cord was engorged with blood. The umbilical cord on the fetal side of the knot was devoid of blood, suggesting that the knot may have occluded blood flow to the fetus. PMID- 6620978 TI - Epistaxis and bullae in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). AB - Epistaxis and bullae occurred in 35 of 54 cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Individual cases developed randomly during a 3 to 4 week period in the winter, and resolved within a week of onset. Clinical signs included nasal and eyelid swelling, bloody nasal discharge, sneezing, and bullous areas above the eyes. Affected animals remained active and alert. Staphylococcus aureus and Neisseria catarrhalis were isolated from nasal swabs. Hemagglutination inhibition titers for measles were negative. Biopsies of the bullous areas disclosed acute inflammatory edema and cellulitis. PMID- 6620979 TI - Indwelling jugular venous catheterization of semirestrained cattle. AB - An inexpensive method for chronic cannulation of one or both jugular veins in cattle was devised. A commercial catheter set containing a 14-gauge 5-cm needle, a 16-gauge 60-cm catheter with stylet, and a plastic retainer facilitated intravenous dosing and blood withdrawal at timed intervals. The method did not require special restraining equipment for large animals and was completed within 10 to 15 minutes per animal. The catheter apparatus did not interfere with ad libitum feeding and watering of trained cattle. PMID- 6620980 TI - Methods for transport and long-term maintenance of spiny dogfish sharks. AB - Spiny dogfish shark (Squalus acanthias) embryos were transported from Maine to the Maryland laboratory where they were maintained for 20 months. During this maintenance period, these sharks progressed from a yolk-sac stage to feeding stage. Animals were maintained at 10 degrees C in artificial seawater containing penicillin and streptomycin and were fed frozen brine shrimp and krill. The ease with which these animals could be maintained in the laboratory for an extended period of time greatly enhanced their usefulness as an experimental animal in a variety of studies. PMID- 6620981 TI - A microcomputer based program for the storage and retrieval of experimental animal information. AB - A microcomputer based program for the storage and selective retrieval of experimental animal information has been developed for use on any system which runs under CP/M system software. The program has been designed to be completely conversational, to communicate with the user in French, English, or Spanish, and to allow the user to define the data format and the alphanumeric coding scheme. PMID- 6620982 TI - Antibodies to neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer's disease raised from human and animal neurofilament fractions. AB - Antibodies reacting with neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) of Alzheimer's disease were consistently obtained using neurofilament (NF) fractions as antigen. NF fractions were obtained from normal human spinal roots or guinea pig peripheral nerves and used to immunize BALB/c mice. Mice receiving a total dose of 300 to 600 micrograms of protein developed antibodies that were indistinguishable with immunostaining of tissues and of polypeptides separated on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels. These antibodies reacted with NFT from cases of Alzheimer's disease and with NFT induced with aluminum, as well as with structures rich in NF such as central and peripheral axons and cerebellar basket fibers. When used to immunostain polypeptides separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide electrophoresis, all antisera recognized the three NF subunits. Absorption of the antisera with 5 micrograms/ml of purified human NF proteins blocked immunostaining of Alzheimer's NFT. It is concluded that human and animal NF fractions are excellent antigens to produce antibodies that consistently react with NFT of Alzheimer's disease. The present findings further support existing evidence that the paired helical filaments of Alzheimer's disease share antigenic determinants with normal NF. PMID- 6620983 TI - Alterations in glomerular anionic sites in autologous immune complex nephritis. AB - In the present study in Munich-Wistar rats during the initial stages of autologous immune complex nephritis (protein excretion 3 to 50 mg/24 hours) we examined the sequential changes in binding of cationized ferritin to anionic sites, as well as alterations in staining with colloidal iron of podocyte membrane sialoglycoprotein and correlated these with changes in glomerular basement membrane permeability to native ferritin. The results are compared with those obtained from rats with advanced autologous immune complex nephritis (protein excretion 100 to 350 mg/24 hours) and with normal control rats. The formation of the smallest detectable immune complex deposits was associated with a concomitant decrease in binding of cationized ferritin to anionic sites in the lamina rara externa in the area of the deposits. This was accompanied by a diminution in staining by colloidal iron of the epithelial cell coat overlying the deposits. The staining of the remainder of the epithelial cell glycocalyx, however, remained unaltered even in the presence of severe proteinuria. Alterations in the permeability of the glomerular basement membrane to native ferritin could not be documented until protein excretion exceeded 10 mg/24 hours. The gradual loss of staining of the epithelial cell glycocalyx adjacent to immune complexes supports the concept that, as immune complexes are formed in situ by the interaction of antibodies with a glycoprotein present on the epithelial cell surface, they are shed and gradually accumulate in the lamina rara externa. Furthermore, as the immune complex deposits enlarge they destroy and/or mask the heparan sulfate anionic sites in the lamina rara externa resulting in a decreased number of anionic binding sites for cationized ferritin. PMID- 6620984 TI - The nutritional role of S-Methyl-L-cysteine. PMID- 6620985 TI - Protein degradation in the rumen of sheep and cattle. PMID- 6620986 TI - Amer-Ind transparency. AB - Objective and reliable transparency comprehension results have been obtained on the citation form of the 193 Amer-Ind signals as presented in the original Amerind Video Dictionary. Transparency ratings, as determined by three different scoring criteria, as well as the most common errors, are presented. While transparency (42-50%) was considerably less than what has been suggested in previous reports (80-88%) it was, nevertheless, well above what has been reported for signs from American Sign Language. Transparency of repetitive signals was significantly higher than that reported for kinetic and static signals. The implications for clinical practice are discussed. PMID- 6620987 TI - Effects of hearing levels at the activator and other frequencies upon the expected levels of the acoustic reflex threshold. AB - Multiple linear regression equations were derived to define the expected levels of acoustic reflex thresholds (ARTs) at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz predictable from hearing levels at 500-4000 Hz in 646 ears. When the hearing level at the activator frequency is less than or equal to 50 dB HL, ARTs tend to be best defined by a constant value of 86-90 dB HL with small adjustments due to the loss at the activator or higher frequencies. When the hearing level at the activator frequency is 55-90 dB HL, the ART is best predicted by a constant plus the degree of loss at that frequency plus the loss at 4000 Hz. These data present the clinician with empirically derived bases for determining the effects of other frequencies on a given ART. Application of these findings permits the clinician to apply known relationships in determining whether a particular ART is representative of those expected for normal and/or cochlear impaired ears, elevated or depressed, without having to rely on vague intuitions of such relationships. Clinical applications are discussed. PMID- 6620988 TI - Response to McReynolds and Elbert. PMID- 6620989 TI - Auditory processing and language impairment in children: stimulus considerations for intervention. AB - Two experiments were undertaken to examine the performance of language-impaired children on auditory identification and sequencing tasks which employed different stimuli. The purpose of Experiment I was to determine if introduction of linguistic stimuli (words) into tasks using nonlinguistic stimuli (complex tones) would change subjects' performance. Experiment II was designed to measure differences in response when words and tones were presented separately. Responses to utterances of increasing length (up to four words) were also measured. Results indicated that some children performed significantly better when words were used as stimuli. No child responded better when tones were used as stimuli and there were no significant differences between utterances of different length. Based on these results and on the related literature, considerations for choice of stimuli for intervention with language-impaired children are discussed. PMID- 6620990 TI - Returning meaning to semantic relations: some clinical applications. AB - Two approaches for analyzing the meanings reflected in children's early word combinations are illustrated for possible application in the clinical setting. The first approach is interpretive in nature and involves detailed analysis of spontaneous speech. The second approach uses individualized probes that are designed to isolate the semantic factors involved in children's word combination patterns. Although both approaches have limitations, it is argued that each provides significantly more clinical information than assigning a child's utterances to predetermined semantic relation categories. PMID- 6620991 TI - Patterns of auditory processing and articulation deficits in academically deficient juvenile delinquents. AB - Auditory processing deficits and articulation disorders were studied in a group of male juvenile delinquents. Significant auditory processing deficits were frequently observed and were significantly related to underachievement in reading, spelling, and arithmetic. In addition, articulation disorders were present in over 60% of the delinquent subjects. The results are interpreted to indicate that the evaluation of speech capabilities and auditory processing skills should be an integral part of treatment programs for delinquent populations. The importance of early intervention through identification and treatment of speech and language disorders in the early school period is supported. PMID- 6620992 TI - Comparison of scores obtained on the PPVT and the PPVT-R. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare age equivalent values obtained from the PPVT and PPVT-R. The 80 subjects, ages 3:6 to 4:6 years old, were presented one form each of the original and revised forms of the test. Results indicate the subjects achieved age equivalent scores significantly closer to their chronological ages on the PPVT-R. PMID- 6620993 TI - "Can you give me that one?": The comprehension, production and judgment of directives in language-impaired children. AB - This research is an investigation of pragmatic abilities focusing on "requesting" in a group of 30 language-impaired children between the ages of 3 1/2 and 9 years. The subject's requesting abilities were examined in three situations: (a) operating in dyads in a role-playing situation; (b) production of requests in an experimental procedure involving handpuppets; and (c) perception of requests in that situation. Transcriptions were analyzed using a speech act model along the three dimensions of "purpose," "directness," and "surface form." The findings indicated there was a predominant usage of direct forms with only a slight increase of indirect ones in the older group. Regarding the experimental assessment, it was found that language-impaired children, although restricted in the range of linguistic devices at their disposal, appear to compensate by frequently using the structures that they have already acquired. In general, these subjects operated pragmatically at a level two years or more below chronological age (compared to the performance of the normally developing children studied by Bates, 1976) and it appeared that their ability to discriminate between requests on the basis of politeness did not reach an appreciable level until the age of 5 1/2 to 6 1/2 years. PMID- 6620994 TI - Inappropriate word extensions in the speech of young language-disordered children. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of inappropriate word extensions in the spontaneous speech of young language-disordered children, and how these extensions should be characterized. Inappropriate word extensions were identified and tested, first in a production task and then in a comprehension task for nine language-disordered children (age 2:8 to 3:4). Results indicated that the percentage of inappropriate word extensions seen in the speech of these children was comparable to that seen in normal children at the same level of linguistic development. As with normal children, these inappropriate word extensions reflected varying levels of lexical knowledge. The findings of this study are discussed in terms of their clinical applicability for lexical training with language-disordered children. PMID- 6620995 TI - A comparative evaluation of the Maryland NU 6 auditory test. AB - This study was conducted to determine the performance-intensity functions of the Maryland NU 6 Auditory Test (female voice) with normal-hearing and hearing impaired persons, to examine equivalency of the four lists, and to compare performance scores on this test with those obtained on the CID W-22 Test and the Maryland CNC Test. Three lists were judged to be equivalent, and there was good test-retest reliability. The test made distinctions among individuals with varying degrees of high-frequency hearing loss. Word recognition scores for the Maryland NU 6 and Maryland CNC Tests were remarkably similar, but differed significantly from those obtained on the W-22 Test. PMID- 6620996 TI - Psychoacoustic tuning curves and averaged electroencephalic responses in a patient with low-frequency sensory-neural hearing loss. AB - A 10-year-old girl whose bilateral, low-frequency, sensory-neural hearing loss had been noted three years earlier showed a drop in speech discrimination in her left ear with no corresponding decrease in pure-tone sensitivity. Psychoacoustic tuning curves and middle-component averaged electroencephalic responses to tone pips suggested that damage to the left ear had become greater than indicated by the pure-tone audiogram, accounting for the drop in speech discrimination. This case suggests caution in inferring the magnitude of damage to the peripheral auditory system from tonal thresholds. PMID- 6620997 TI - Measuring language competency in speakers of Black American English. AB - Normative data for children who are speakers of Black American English (BAE) were obtained on the Test of Language Development (Newcomer & Hammill, 1977). In two urban sites 198 children (age 4-8 yrs.) were tested. Positive identification as a speaker of BAE was based on a two part screening test which contained 10 distinct features of BAE. Results of the investigation revealed that children who are predominantly speakers of BAE differed significantly in their performance from children on whom the test was standardized. The study demonstrated the inappropriateness of using a test of Standard American English (SAE) as a test of language development for children whose primary language exposure is other than SAE. PMID- 6620998 TI - Sampling reliability in elicited imitation. AB - This study examined the number of trials necessary to obtain sampling reliability in elicited imitation. An examiner-constructed elicited imitation test was administered to 15 language-disordered subjects, sampled from the age range of 5:6 to 6:6 years. All test sentences were controlled for length, syntactic construction, and semantic content. The test instrument contained multiple occurrences of 16 syntactic structures. For each of these forms, subject performance on 1, 3, 5, and 7 trials was compared with performance on 10 trials. It was observed that sampling reliability increased as the number of trials increased, but as few as three repetitions provided reliable data. PMID- 6620999 TI - Grammatical comprehension assessment: the picture avoidance strategy. AB - This study investigated children's picture avoidance responses on a paired sentences, grammatical comprehension test. Such responses involved the nonselection of a particular referent picture for a stimulus sentence when the picture had been selected as a referent for a previous stimulus sentence. Forty four children between three and seven years of age were administered a version of the Receptive subtest of the Northwestern Syntax Screening Test. Half of the sample was administered the test under its standardized "single pass-paired sentences" procedure. The remaining children were administered the test under a "double pass-paired sentences" procedure (i.e., a procedure similar to that employed on the Miller-Yoder Test of Grammatical Comprehension). As predicted, the single pass-paired sentences version of the test elicited significantly more picture avoidance responses from the children. The consequence of children's differential picture avoidance responses on a single pass-paired sentences test is discussed with respect to different scoring criteria. PMID- 6621000 TI - Phonological evaluation and remediation of speech deviations of a child with a repaired cleft palate: a case study. AB - Phonological evaluation of the speech of a 5-year-old boy with a repaired cleft palate identified the prevalence of the following phonological patterns: singleton obstruent omission (both prevocalic and postvocalic, but particularly prevocalic voiceless); velar deviations (omissions and fronting); cluster reduction and cluster deletion; stridency deletion (omissions and stopping); liquid deviations (omissions, gliding, stopping, nasalizing, and vowelizing); and glottal replacement. The basic aspects of an individually designed facilitative remediation program based on the subject's phonological system are presented, and the results are discussed. PMID- 6621001 TI - Suggestions for optimizing reliability with the synthetic sentence identification test. AB - The reliability of the Synthetic Sentence Identification (SSI) test was determined for a group of 33 listeners with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss. Randomizations of the 10-item test were administered 12 times (six trials on each of two days) under identical listening conditions. Lists were presented monaurally, under earphones, at 90 dB SPL with a cafeteria background noise set at a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) estimated (by adaptive procedure for each subject) to obtain 50% performance. Average scores ranged from 48.8% for Trial 1 to 67.9% for Trial 9. Reliability of the 12 measurements was determined by Pearson correlation, analyses of variance, and by testing individual differences in scores against a theoretical statistical distribution. Results evidenced large intra-subject variability, especially for the initial trials conducted in each testing session. However, if sufficient practice trials are presented each day under relatively difficult listening conditions, the scores on subsequent lists tend to remain relatively stable. Suggested procedures to optimize reliability are included. PMID- 6621002 TI - Slope characteristics of CID W-22 word functions in elderly hearing-impaired listeners. AB - Some variables affecting the slope of monosyllabic word functions were investigated among subjects having mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss. Slope is an important variable because it determines the intensity range and the step size that is likely to accurately and efficiently describe the function. Eighty-one ears from 60 elderly subjects were tested with the Auditec recordings of the CID W-22 words. Slopes were computed between the 20 and 80% intelligibility points from the individual functions. The results indicated that the magnitude of hearing loss did not affect the slope of the intelligibility function. That is, slopes remained at approximately 3% per dB even though spondaic thresholds varied over a 45-dB range (15-60 dB HTL). The audiometric configuration was found to affect slope, although this relationship was weak (r = .30). As the audiogram progressed from flat to steeply falling, the slope decreased from about 3.5% per dB to 2.5% per dB. With subjects having flat and falling audiograms, slope was steeper for the 20-50% intelligibility segment (4.3% per dB) than for the 50-80% interval (2.9% per dB). These subjects also exhibited substantial differences in mean slope, depending on the procedure selected for computations. The mean of individual slopes was steepest (3.3% pr dB), whereas the mean slope was only 2.4% per dB when computed from the function derived in the conventional manner by averaging intelligibility scores at fixed intensities. PMID- 6621003 TI - Focal cranial dystonia. AB - In the neurologic literature there has been a growing recognition of a syndrome of focal cranial dystonias referred to variously as blepharospasm-oromandibular dystonia, Brueghel's syndrome, or Meige's syndrome. Typically, this syndrome presents as an isolated and idiopathic dystonia of facial or oromandibular muscles occasionally prompting a referral to a speech pathologist. Our findings in a group of 10 patients with this diagnosis are presented, and the negligible effect of an intensive program of speech management for one subject is described. PMID- 6621004 TI - Peripheral hearing loss: implications for clinical dichotic listening tests. AB - This experiment assessed the extent to which a peripheral hearing loss may confound interpretation of dichotic listening test results in assessment of central auditory deficit. A normal-hearing listener was tested monotically and dichotically with CV nonsense syllables in two conditions. In one, an EAR plug was inserted in the auditory canal to simulate a unilateral conductive hearing loss. In the second, no plus was inserted. Syllables were presented with equal intensity to the two ears for dichotic testing and testing was conducted at several different intensities. With the plug inserted, both magnitude and direction of percent ear advantage varied with test intensity even when monotic speech recognition scores exceeded 95% for both ears. When dichotic tests are used to assess central auditory deficit in patients with peripheral hearing loss, we recommend that the test intensity be at least 10 dB from both the lower and upper knees of monotic performance-intensity functions. PMID- 6621005 TI - Test-retest stability of the Hiskey-Nebraska Test of Learning Aptitude in a sample of hearing-impaired children and adolescents. AB - The test-retest stability of the Hiskey-Nebraska Test of Learning Aptitude (H NTLA) was examined in a group of hearing-impaired children and adolescents. Test retest correlations for subjects retested after approximately 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years were .79, .85, and .62 respectively. These findings are similar to those reported for normal subjects in studies using verbal intelligence measures. In spite of reasonably high test-retest correlations, more than one half of the sample showed a 10-point or greater difference in Learning Quotient between the two evaluations, and more than one third of the sample showed a 15-point or greater difference. These findings demonstrate the necessity of basing important decisions on more than one measure of intelligence. PMID- 6621006 TI - Difficulties experienced by tinnitus sufferers. AB - Ninety-seven members of a tinnitus self-help group were asked to list the difficulties that they had as a result of their tinnitus. Seventy-two replies were returned from 22 men and 48 women (sex not reported in two cases) whose average age was 61 years. Tinnitus was associated with hearing difficulties in 53%, effects on lifestyle in 93%, effects on general health in 56%, and emotional difficulties in 70% of the sample. Getting to sleep was the most frequently mentioned difficulty, and many respondents indicated that they experienced depression, annoyance, and insecurity. The clinical application of this open ended questionnaire are discussed. PMID- 6621007 TI - Linguistic and nonlinguistic features of style in normal and language-impaired children. AB - This study explored two questions concerning the language-learning styles described in recent investigations of early child language. The first question was whether features suggestive of language-learning style, for example, extent of pronoun use, jargon-like speech, formulaic speech, and certain play behaviors occurred in clusters consistent with the specific lexical distribution patterns of young normal children delineated by Nelson (1973). The second portion of the study addressed whether language-impaired children could be characterized as reflecting the same language-learning styles attributed to normal children. Eight children, four normally-developing and four language-impaired, were classified as "referential" or "expressive" speakers on the basis of their lexical distribution. For both the normal and language-impaired children, linguistic features suggested in the literature as correlating to one or another language learning style were found to exist in clusters consistent with the children's pattern of lexical distribution. In addition, analyses of videotaped samples coded for the focus and context of the normal and language-impaired children's play behaviors revealed object-based and social-interaction-based activities that were generally consistent with the children's lexical distribution. PMID- 6621008 TI - Reading problems in chronic aphasia. AB - Thirty-five aphasic subjects who were 1 year or longer post onset of brain injury were given a battery of reading tests which was composed of recognition and oral reading tests for letters, words, sentences, and paragraphs, and comprehension tests for sentences and paragraphs. Results indicated a residual reading disorder or alexia in all subjects, with comprehension tests producing the highest error rate, oral reading tests second, and then recognition tests. Reading ability was found to be related to overall language skill, level of education, and oral reading ability. Results are discussed in light of current theories of reading and future research needs. PMID- 6621009 TI - The onset of stuttering in two- and three-year-old children: a preliminary report. AB - Data on the onset of stuttering in 22 children 2 and 3 years of age were obtained through systematic parent interviews using a coded questionnaire. All children were reported to have begun stuttering prior to 36 months of age. The results indicated more similar sex distribution and greater diversity in manner of onset than was reported in past investigations. Most parents perceived early stuttering to be associated with some degree of tensions and force. The length of syllable and word repetition as reported appeared to be above the average for normally disfluent children of similar ages. Directions for future research of early childhood stuttering and clinical implications of the data are discussed. PMID- 6621010 TI - Speech modification by a deaf child through dynamic orometric modeling and feedback. AB - Baseline physiologic, acoustic, and phonetic data are presented to characterize speech production of a 3 1/2-year-old deaf girl prior to a visual articulatory modeling and feedback program. These observations suggest that she used an articulatory strategy based on visual information about lip and jaw movements rather than tongue positions as a primary means of differentiating speech sounds. The training program which followed used instrumentally generated displays of tongue position and movements to teach production of the (i) and (a) vowels in single and bisyllable word contexts. Linguapalatal contact patterns for the consonant (t) were then introduced and taught in combinations with the vowels. Goal articulatory gestures were learned rapidly with respect to both positional and timing features of speech. PMID- 6621011 TI - The effect of stimulus variation on lexical learning. AB - At some early stage in a child's development of the comprehension and production of language, he/she must recognize that single words correspond to referents in the environment. How to best present the critical aspects of the environment to which a verbal label is attached is not entirely known. For language-impaired children it is important to know how to highlight this relationship between linguistic and nonlinguistic cues so that therapy will be most effective. To examine how language-impaired children best learn single word lexical items, nouns and verbs were taught expressively through two modes of stimulus presentation thought to highlight the nonlinguistic environment: object manipulation and picture identification. The efficacy of these two treatment conditions was assessed with four children functioning at Piaget's sensorimotor period of development by using a single subject, alternating treatments design. The results indicated individual variation in learning strategies. Two of the children learned more single words (nouns and verbs) in the object manipulation condition. One child learned equally well in both conditions and the fourth child learned best in the picture identification condition. Variables accounting for the individual variation are discussed. PMID- 6621012 TI - Accuracy of adaptive procedure estimates of PF-max level. AB - A measure of maximum speech recognition ability (PB max) is often obtained in the clinical audiologic evaluation of patients. However, without developing a complete performance-intensity function (PIF), it is often difficult to determine an appropriate intensity level for measuring PB max. Levitt (1978) has described an adaptive procedure designed to estimate an intensity level at which maximum speech recognition performance could be measured. We have investigated the accuracy of this procedure by comparing speech recognition performance on a CNC word list presented at the level estimated by the adaptive procedure with maximum performance as measured on the listener's performance-intensity function. Using the presentation level indicated by the adaptive procedure, PB max scores were obtained for 12 of 16 normally hearing subjects and 19 of 25 listeners with mild to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss. Similar accuracy was obtained for the hearing-impaired subjects using a single presentation level of 95 dB SPL, while use of a 40 dB SL speech level would have resulted in a lower proportion of PB max measurements. Although PB max is most accurately estimated by delineating the entire performance-intensity function, the current results suggest that, if speech recognition is to be measured only at a single level, scores obtained at the level estimated by the adaptive procedure or at 95 dB SPL may serve as reasonable estimates of PB max for listeners with primarily cochlear hearing losses of less than or equal to 50 dB. PMID- 6621013 TI - Perception and production of misarticulated (r). AB - Twelve children who consistently misarticulated consonant [r] and five children who correctly articulated [r] were recorded while repeating sentences which differed only in a single (r)-(w) contrast. All (r) and (w) productions were spectrographically analyzed. Error productions were judged for their similarity to [w]. Each child identified all of the recorded sentences via a picture pointing task. Misarticulated [r] was identified as (w) at above chance levels only by the children who did not misarticulate [r]. The subject groups did not differ in their perception of correctly articulated (r) and (w) phones. Children whose misarticulated [r] phones were judged to be (w)-like were most likely to misperceive their own productions of (r). Children whose misarticulated [r] productions were characterized by higher second formant frequencies were better able to identify their productions of (r). Results suggest that a subpopulation of children who misarticulate [r] may mark it acoustically in a nonstandard manner. PMID- 6621014 TI - Interallophonic generalization of (r) training. AB - Twelve children (ages 5:6 to 7:10) who inconsistently misarticulated (r), participated in training programs for specific allophones of (r). Training steps included production of syllables, nouns, noun phases, and simple sentences. Generalization to untrained allophones occurred for all children. However, transfer of training was less likely to occur from training of [epsilon] to clustered [Cr] and [delta] phones. Results suggest that (r) training programs need to include production practice for the shorter, less stressed allophones as well as the more stable [epsilon]. PMID- 6621016 TI - Comments on "Stuttering: a review of research findings and theories circa 1982" by Andrews et al. PMID- 6621015 TI - Does early middle ear pathology affect auditory perception skills and learning? Comment on Brandes and Ehinger (1981) PMID- 6621017 TI - Test of the assumptions underlying comparative hearing aid evaluations. AB - Comparative hearing aid evaluations using NU-6 monosyllabic word lists were administered to adults with predominately high-frequency sensorineural hearing impairments who were randomly assigned to one of two experiments. In the first, three instruments were used that were electroacoustically similar and appropriate to the patients' hearing losses. In the second, the three hearing aids employed were electroacoustically quite different. Following an initial comparative hearing aid evaluation, the patients used the instruments during a trial-use week after which they ranked the aids in terms of benefit provided in daily communication. Following the trial-use week, the comparative hearing aid evaluation was repeated. The results suggest that significant interaid performance differences on the hearing aid evaluation are not likely to occur very often when the aids being evaluated are relatively homogeneous electroacoustically. In contrast, when electroacoustically heterogeneous instruments are evaluated, significant performance differences may occur frequently. Under such circumstances, however, the same instrument(s) would likely provide the best performance to most patients. The results further suggest that the reliability of standard monosyllabic word lists may not be adequate to detect typical interaid differences that occur in a comparative hearing aid evaluation and that the performance hierarchy is likely to change as the patient adjusts to amplification. Finally, the comparative hearing aid evaluation will not be a good predictor of success in daily communication unless relatively large performance differences exist among the instruments. PMID- 6621018 TI - Phonological proficiency of two cleft palate toddlers with school-age follow-up. AB - This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the speech-sound production of two children with repaired bilateral cleft lip and palate. Speech samples were obtained during videotaping of spontaneous interactions between the children and their parent(s) when the subjects were between 29 and 37 months of age. Re evaluation of both language and phonological abilities was accomplished when the children were between 5 and 7 years of age. Based on phonemic transcription of these data, error matrices were prepared illustrating word-initial and word-final consonants produced. Place and manner of consonant production were analyzed and the individual phonological processes employed by each child were discussed. Results indicated individual differences between the subjects in that one subject's emerging phonological system was more characteristic of developmental delay while the other was more characteristic of structural inadequacy. These differences have implication for the management of preschool cleft palate children. PMID- 6621019 TI - The oral speech intelligibility of hearing-impaired talkers. AB - Recordings were made of 10 hearing-impaired adolescents speaking sentences of systematically different phonologic and syntactic structure. Tapes containing these sentences were played to both experienced and inexperienced listeners in different conditions: in the absence versus in the presence of a verbal context; by auditory versus audio-visual presentation; with one versus two presentations of each sentence token. The responses of the listeners were scored and averaged for each subject, condition, and type of sentence. Significant differences were observed between (1) simple sentences and those which are complicated either by consonant clusters, polysyllabic words, or complex syntax; (2) experienced and inexperienced listeners; (3) sentences in and out of context, and (4) sentences heard and seen as opposed to merely heard. The results are discussed with reference to measurement of the intelligibility of the speech of hearing-impaired individuals. PMID- 6621020 TI - Language acquisition and communicative behavior in autism: toward an understanding of the "whole" of it. AB - Deviant language characteristics, deficits in social interaction, and ritualistic and compulsive behaviors are now considered to be among the definitive characteristics of the autistic syndrome. There have been few attempts to bring a sense of cohesion to the varied communicative symptomatology evident in autism, because much of the research literature has been product oriented rather than process oriented, and has focused on language structure rather than function. Therefore, behaviors such as immediate echolalia, delayed echolalia, and interactive rituals are often viewed as isolated, deviant phenomena, rather than as phenomena related to predominant cognitive processing modes and cognitive linguistic development in autism. This discussion reviews symptomatology of autistic communication in reference to "gestalt" versus "analytic" modes of cognitive processing, language acquisition, and language use. Based on research on language behavior of normal and autistic children, specific issues are considered, including a reconsideration of echolalic behaviors, patterns of social interaction, and patterns of cognitive-linguistic development in autism. PMID- 6621021 TI - Retinitis pigmentosa and progressive hearing loss. AB - Much material has been written about the deaf-blind patient diagnosed as having Usher's syndrome, a pathologic condition involving hearing impairment and retinitis pigmentosa. Contrary to the accepted pattern of prelingual deafness in such cases, however, there are a number of patients who report a progressive, postlingual hearing loss associated with retinitis pigmentosa. These patients may suffer from a variation of classical Usher's syndrome. An attempt is made to verify this statement through presentation of case histories and audiologic findings. In addition, diagnostic and rehabilitative techniques employed in assisting patients with these dual impairments are offered. PMID- 6621022 TI - Speech production with flaccid paralysis of the rib cage, diaphragm, and abdomen. AB - Anteroposterior diameter changes of the rib cage and abdomen were measured during breathing maneuvers and utterance activities in an adult subject with flaccid paralysis of the rib cage, diaphragm, and abdomen. Data were charted to solve for lung volume, volumes of the rib cage and abdomen, chest wall configuration, and inferred neck muscle actions. Free breathing was accomplished through an alternate waxing and waning of neck muscle drive or through step-wise glossopharyngeal pumping. Connected speech was performed in breath groups begun by neck gestures that "cocked" the breathing apparatus and stored recoil energy in it for use during ensuing expirations. Some breath groups were also extended through intermittent glossopharyngeal pumping. Connected speech was characterized by frugal control of the air supply through compensatory adjustments in the larynx and upper airway. Compensations involved in the breathing maneuvers and utterance activities are described, and consideration is given to two understandings--the human potential for functional restoration and the clinical evaluation and management of individuals with neuromuscular impairment. PMID- 6621023 TI - Clinical validity of "speech-band audiometry". PMID- 6621024 TI - CELI validity reviewed: a response to McDade, Simpson, and Lamb (1982) PMID- 6621026 TI - Tumor stasis factor (TSF): a possible mechanism for the regulation of tumor cell proliferation. AB - A new class of factors that regulates tumor cell division in vitro can be isolated from fresh and cultured tumor cells by 3 M KCl extraction. Tumor stasis factors (TSF) inhibiting cultured tumor cell proliferation were extracted from 8 of 11 fresh human tumors and 2 cultured tumor cell lines. TSF inhibited [3H]Tdr incorporation by allogeneic and autologous cultured tumor cells in a dose dependent manner. Extracts of normal human tissues and benign tumors did not demonstrate inhibition with the exception of liver. The mechanism of inhibition was cytostatic and not cytotoxic as demonstrated with trypan blue exclusion by tumor cells following TSF treatment, maintenance of intact tumor cell monolayers following addition of TSF, and lack of inhibition of Con A-mediated lymphocyte proliferation by TSF. TSF activity could be reversed by washing for up to 48 hr of incubation and was resistant to heat, pH alterations, reducing agents, proteases, and glycosidases. However, the active moiety bound to lentil lectin and could be purified 80-fold by preparative isoelectric focusing. These factors may represent a novel regulatory mechanism for tumor cell proliferation. PMID- 6621025 TI - Delayed-type cutaneous hypersensitivity to Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) antigen in patients with pancreatic cancer. AB - The delayed-type hypersensitivity skin reaction to human erythrocyte-derived Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) antigen was studied in 40 patients with pancreatic disease and in 158 control subjects and its sensitivity and specificity were compared with the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) blood levels. The skin reaction to T was positive in 22 of 25 patients with biopsy-proven adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (sensitivity, 88%). In these patients, the CEA levels were elevated above 3.5 ng/ml in 12 of 23 (52%). The skin test to T antigen was negative in 11 of 12 patients with chronic pancreatitis (specificity, 92%), but CEA levels were normal in only five of nine with pancreatitis (56%). Two of the patients with pancreatic carcinoma and one of those with pancreatitis were anergic to mumps and dermatophytin antigens and had thus an invalid skin test. The positive response rate to T antigen was significantly greater (P less than 0.005) in the cancer group than the group with pancreatitis; the CEA response was not significantly different. There were no positive responses to T in 82 healthy volunteers. Among 76 patients with chronic disease including six with malignant tumors of the mesoderm and central nervous system, there were four positive responses: two in heavy smokers and two in patients with chronic lung infection. The specificity of the test overall in 158 controls was thus 97.5%. PMID- 6621027 TI - Interorgan relationships of alanine and glutamine during fasting in the conscious dog. AB - This study was designed to assess the interorgan relationships of glutamine and alanine in the conscious, overnight fasted dog, and to determine changes which occur with progressive fasting. Dogs were fasted for 18 hr (n = 6), 48 hr (n = 6), and 96 hr (n = 6) prior to the study. Catheters had been previously implanted in the femoral artery, renal vein, portal vein, and hepatic vein, and were used for blood sampling at 30-min intervals during the 3-hr experimental period. Hepatic and renal blood flows were determined by indocyanine green and para aminohippuric acid (PAH) extraction methods, respectively. Balance data (micromoles/kilogram/minute) were estimated by multiplying the appropriate arteriovenous concentration differences by blood flows. Hepatic uptake of glutamine decreased 50% after a 48-hr fast, and by 96 hr, the liver became a net producer of glutamine. Gut utilization remained constant throughout fasting. The kidney's utilization gradually increased with fasting. The hepatic extraction of alanine fell with fasting, declining to 40% of its original uptake at 96 hr. The gut's production of alanine fell during the first 48 hr of fasting, but remained stable thereafter. The kidney's production of alanine increased throughout the period of starvation. The arterial concentration of glutamine rose with fasting, while that of alanine fell even with a 48 hr fast. The liver, by becoming a net producer of glutamine, and the kidney, by increasing its production of alanine, decrease demands for peripheral release of these two amino acids, and thus may have protein-sparing actions during fasting. PMID- 6621028 TI - The relationship between global myocardial ischemia, left ventricular function, myocardial redox state, and high energy phosphate profile. A phosphorous-31 nuclear magnetic resonance study. AB - The onset of global myocardial ischemia was related to mechanical function (intraventricular pressure), cellular redox state (NADH fluorophotography), and high energy profile (phosphorous-31 nuclear magnetic resonance). Ten rabbit hearts were excised and perfused on a modified Langendorff apparatus (37 degrees C; pO2 480 Torr). Developed pressure and positive and negative dp/dt were determined at control, 1-10, 15, 30, 45, and 60 sec of acute global ischemia. NADH fluorophotographs were taken at control, 1-10, 15, 20, 30, 60 sec, and 5, 10, and 30 min. P-31 NMR spectra in 14 guinea pig hearts under identical conditions were obtained at control, 1, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 60 min of acute global ischemia. LV contractility diminished within 1 sec (P less than 0.01) of ischemia and dropped to less than 35% of control by 1 min. Reduction of mitochondria was detected by epicardial NADH fluorophotography at 2 sec of ischemia. Cellular pH diminished 0.3 pH units by 5 min. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration remained at control levels while phosphocreatine (PCr) dropped to 63 +/- 8.5% of control by 1 min of ischemia. CONCLUSIONS: After the onset of global ischemia (1) mitochondrial electron transport ceases by 2 sec; (2) acidosis develops immediately; (3) LV contractility diminishes by 1 sec; (4) ATP concentration appears to be buffered by PCr, and is dissociated from myocardial function. PMID- 6621029 TI - Zinc transport by the heart lymphatic system after acute myocardial infarction. AB - Open-chest dog preparations were used to determine divalent cation transport following acute myocardial infarction. Cardiac lymph flow, lymph and plasma protein, zinc, calcium, and magnesium content and hemodynamic measurements were recorded every 20 min before and after coronary artery occlusion in sham operated (N = 4), infarcted (N = 6), and lymph-ablated animals (N = 4). During the 4-hr occlusion period, with constant blood pressure, lymph flow increased from 1.53 +/ 0.25 to 2.15 +/- 0.44 mg/hr (SEM), P less than 0.01. Zinc decreased in plasma from 0.69 +/- 0.10 to 0.41 +/- 0.08 micrograms/ml, P less than 0.01, and in lymph from 0.69 +/- 0.08 to 0.40 +/- 0.02 micrograms/ml, P less than 0.01. Zinc to protein ratio decreased similarly to total zinc in plasma and lymph. Changes in calcium and magnesium were insignificant. Lymph to plasma concentration ratios increased for protein from 0.57 +/- 0.05 to 0.62 +/- 0.02, P less than 0.05, and for zinc from 1.10 +/- 0.26 to 1.21 +/- 0.14, P less than 0.05. Heart lymph clearance (lymph:plasma ratio X lymph flow) steadily rose for protein from 0.31 to 0.06 to 0.50 +/- 0.08, P less than 0.05, and for zinc from 0.59 +/- 0.18 to 0.92 +/- 0.15, P less than 0.05. Lymph and plasma measurements did not change significantly in sham-operated animals. Plasma zinc remained unchanged from baseline after coronary occlusion in all lymph-ablated animals. The increased clearance of protein and zinc suggests that plasma proteins are zinc carriers after acute myocardial infarction and that the reduction of plasma zinc is dependent upon an intact cardiac lymphatic circulation. PMID- 6621030 TI - Medical grand rounds. Pseudogout. PMID- 6621032 TI - CAT scan of the month. PMID- 6621031 TI - EKG of the month. PMID- 6621033 TI - Indigenous measles eliminated in Tennessee. PMID- 6621034 TI - Comparison between different rabbit antisera against the glucocorticoid receptor. AB - Seven antisera against the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), raised in different rabbits immunized with highly purified (in case of five rabbits apparently homogeneous) preparation of GR from rat liver cytosol, were compared concerning titer and cross-reactivity. The titers of protein A-purified antisera (10 mg/ml) were in the range 1:100-1:320 as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA, (defined as the dilution giving 50% of maximum absorbance). All seven antisera bound to the rat GR with a Stokes radius of 6.1 nm, but no antiserum reacted with the proteolytically induced steroid binding domain with Stokes radius 3 nm. However, the antigenic determinant(s) of the non-ligand-binding domain(s), split off from the steroid binding domain, is preserved following digestion with alpha-chymotrypsin or trypsin, respectively, since immunoactivity is still detectable by ELISA. Only two of four antisera tested cross-reacted with the GR from human lymphocytes. The same two antisera cross-reacted with chick embryo liver GR. Four out of four antisera tested cross-reacted with mouse liver GR as well as with rabbit lung GR. For these antisera, antibody binding to the GR prior to steroid- or DNA-binding did not influence the ability of the GR to interact with the ligand or DNA-cellulose, respectively. No difference regarding avidity of the antisera for activated or non-activated GR was observed. Furthermore, none of the antisera tested cross-reacted with the estrogen, progestin, androgen or mineralocorticoid receptors in rat. These findings indicate that the antisera from different rabbits raised against the same antigen all react with a certain domain of the rat GR, but show species differences as well as receptor class specificity. PMID- 6621035 TI - Biochemical characterization of glucocorticoid receptors of rat testis. AB - Rat testis cytosolic glucocorticoid receptors were characterized by DEAE cellulose chromatography, Sephadex G-100 columns and sucrose-density gradients. The unactivated [3H]dexamethasone-receptor complex showed two distinct peaks of macromolecular bound radioactivity on DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Peak I eluted just after the column wash, while peak II eluted at 0.28 M KCl. Activation of the complex at 25 degrees C for 45 min resulted in a significant increase in peak I with a concomitant decrease in peak II and the appearance of a third peak at 0.18 M KCl. Both the unactivated and activated [3H]dexamethasone-receptor complex, when analyzed on Sephadex G-100 columns, showed a single macromolecular bound radioactive peak having a Stokes radius of 6.5 nm. Treatment of the [3H]dexamethasone-receptor complex (6.5 nm holo-receptor) with trypsin (0.5 microgram/ml) resulted in the appearance of a smaller (2.0 nm) fragment but no intermediate sized forms of the receptor were observed. The complexes sedimented as 7-8 S (in low salt) and as 4.6 S (in high salt) forms in sucrose gradients in the presence or absence of 10 mM molybdate. Steroid unbound receptors were inactivated at 25 degrees C and 4 degrees C with a T 1/2 of 2 h and 24 h, respectively. Ten mM molybdate slightly protected the unbound testis receptor at 25 degrees C. However, molybdate, dithiothreitol, and molybdate plus dithiothreitol were unable to either enhance or reactivate [3H]dexamethasone binding of unbound receptors at 4 degrees C or 25 degrees C. Activation of testis [3H]dexamethasone-receptor complexes resulted in a 2-3 fold enhancement in subsequent binding to testis nuclei in vitro. In addition, we observed that activated [3H]dexamethasone-receptor complexes were precipitated with 30-35% ammonium sulfate, while unactivated complexes were precipitated with 30-40% ammonium sulfate. PMID- 6621036 TI - Drug protein conjugates--III. Inhibition of the irreversible binding of ethinylestradiol to rat liver microsomal protein by mixed-function oxidase inhibitors, ascorbic acid and thiols. AB - The metabolism of [6,7-3H]ethinylestradiol [( 3H]EE2) by rat liver microsomes was studied in vitro. After incubation of [3H]EE2 with rat liver microsomes for 20 min, 90% of the substrate was metabolised and 18% of the 3H-labelled material irreversibly bound to microsomal protein. Ascorbic acid (1 mM) decreased irreversible binding of 3H and produced an accumulation of 2 hydroxyethinylestradiol (2OH-EE2), while mixed-function oxidase inhibitors (0.5 mM) decreased binding of 3H to protein by inhibiting EE2 2-hydroxylation. Addition of thiols gave water-soluble metabolites which were characterised as 1(4)-thioether derivatives of 2OH-EE2 by co-chromatography with synthetic products. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the chemically reactive metabolite of EE2 formed in vitro is either a quinone or o-semiquinone derived from 2OH-EE2 [1]. PMID- 6621037 TI - Serum concentrations of deoxycorticosterone in women during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle are not suppressed by dexamethasone treatment. AB - We determined the serum levels of deoxycorticosterone (DOC) in plasma of six healthy, apparently ovulatory women during the mid-follicular and mid-luteal phases of their ovarian cycles; and we evaluated the effect of dexamethasone (1 mg by mouth) on the concentrations of DOC and cortisol in serum at times when plasma progesterone levels were high or low. The serum levels of DOC, unlike those of cortisol, did not vary significantly in single blood samples obtained in the morning (8-10 a.m.) and afternoon (3-5 p.m.); and serum DOC levels in women were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) during the mid-luteal phase than during the mid-follicular phase of the cycle. There were unmistakable diurnal variations in serum levels of cortisol, and cortisol concentrations were reduced to less than 20% of pretreatment levels after the ingestion of 1 mg dexamethasone during the mid-follicular or mid-luteal phase. The serum concentrations of DOC were reduced only to approx 70% of pretreatment levels after dexamethasone ingestion during the follicular phase. The serum levels of DOC did not decline significantly after administration of dexamethasone during the mid-luteal phase, when progesterone levels in serum are high (14-16 ng/ml). Blood samples also were obtained at hourly intervals during the 24 h before and after dexamethasone administration in one woman during the follicular phase and in another woman the during the early luteal phase (progesterone levels = 1-3 ng/ml) of the ovarian cycle. DOC levels (pre-dexamethasone) fluctuated in synchrony with those of cortisol in the woman studied during the follicular phase but not in the woman studied during the early luteal phase of the cycle. In the post-dexamethasone period, plasma cortisol levels were suppressed for at least 24 h in both women whereas DOC levels were decreased only partially. We conclude that plasma DOC is derived from both adrenal secretion and from extraadrenal 21-hydroxylation of progesterone--the latter source of DOC is not affected by dexamethasone suppression of ACTH secretion. PMID- 6621038 TI - Biological activities of 4-fluoro estrogen analogues. AB - As part of a study on the biological activity of gamma-emitting estradiol analogues, a series of fluorinated and/or brominated analogues of estradiol were synthesized. 4-Fluoro-1,3,5(10-estratrien-3,17 beta-diol (4-fluoro-estradiol) and 16 alpha-bromo-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-3,17 beta-diol (16 alpha-bromo-estradiol) had relative binding affinities (RBA) for the rabbit uterine cytosol receptor which were comparable to those of estradiol. However, while 4-fluoro-estradiol stimulated the increase in uterine weight of immature mice to the same amount as estradiol, 16 alpha-bromo-estradiol was less effective in this assay indicating that its metabolism is probably more rapid than that of estradiol. 16 beta-Bromo 1,3,5(10)-estratrien-3,17 beta-diol had a low RBA and was ineffective in stimulating uterine weight at the doses used. 4-Fluoro-16 alpha-bromo-estradiol had a lower RBA than either the 4-fluoro- or 16 alpha-bromo-estradiol and all the 4-fluoro-seleno-estrogens tested possessed low RBA's. PMID- 6621039 TI - Synthesis and properties of the epimeric 6-hydroperoxyandrostenediones, new substrates/inhibitors of human placental aromatase. AB - We have recently reported the formation in bovine adrenals and in rat liver of 6 beta-hydroxy-, and 6-oxoprogesterone via the 6 beta-hydroperoxy intermediate. The presence of steroid hydroperoxides in animal tissues, however transient it may be, is not devoid of physiologic significance in view of their characteristic property as potential radical initiators. Since 6-hydroperoxides of androgens have not previously been described, we have synthesized the 2 epimeric 6 alpha-, and 6 beta-hydroperoxy-4-androstene-3,17-diones by oxygenation of 5-androstene 3,17-dione in an aprotic solvent system in the presence of dibenzoyl-peroxide. Their chemical identity and chirality were established by IR, NMR, GC-MS, and by reduction to the known 6 alpha and 6 beta-alcohols. These hydroperoxide stereoisomers could only be separated without decomposition by HPLC using a non aqueous mobile phase. In our search for a natural, non-estrogenic inhibitor of human placental aromatase, we have studied the effect on this enzyme complex of 6 alpha- and 6 beta-OOH-androstenedione, as well as of their corresponding 6 hydroxy and 6-oxo metabolites. Aromatase activity was measured by a slightly modified version of Thompson and Siiteri's original assay based on 1 beta,2 beta tritium exchange to 3H water. The C-6 oxygenated androgens were found to competitively inhibit the aromatase reaction in the following descending order: 6 oxo greater than 6 beta-OH greater than 6 alpha-OOH greater than 6 beta-OOH showing Ki values of resp. 2.5, 5.0, 6.5 and 7.5 microM, suggesting that they are interacting with the same active site. Moreover, both 6 alpha- and 6 beta hydroperoxyandrostenedione are active substrates for the aromatase, giving KM values of 2.8 and 2.5 microM respectively. PMID- 6621040 TI - Inhibition of progesterone synthesis in placenta by administration of dexamethasone to pregnant rats. AB - Glucocorticoid receptors have been detected in placenta from several species, including the rat, although the biological function of corticoids is unknown in placenta from the latter species. The present experiments examined the effect of glucocorticoid treatment on placental progesterone biosynthesis from endogenous precursors by incubated basal zone trophoblast and labyrinthine zone of placentas from adrenalectomized-ovariectomized rats at the end of pregnancy. It was found that a higher proportion of synthesized progesterone was retained in the tissue than that released into the incubation medium. Treatment of rats on the 17th-18th day of pregnancy with 10 micrograms/ml of dexamethasone in the drinking saline for 3 days, produced a significant inhibition of progesterone detected in tissue and medium of incubated placental zones. In vitro addition of dexamethasone (10( 4) M) was also effective in reducing progesterone in the placental zone studied (LZ). Serum progesterone of intact rats was in the range of rats near parturition (approx 25 ng/ml) and dropped to almost undetectable levels in rats with adrenalectomy and ovariectomy, with or without dexamethasone treatment, suggesting that in late pregnancy the rat placenta does not contribute significantly to circulating levels of progesterone. This glucocorticoid effect could not be extended to estrogens, as we, in accord with the work of other groups, failed to detect estrogen synthesis in rat placenta. It is suggested that a function for glucocorticoid receptors in rat placenta may be the inhibition of local progesterone production. PMID- 6621041 TI - The biotransformation of hyodeoxycholic acid by Pseudomonas sp. NCIB 10590 under anaerobic conditions. AB - The bacterial degradation of hyodeoxycholic acid under anaerobic conditions was studied. The major acidic product has been identified as 6 alpha-hydroxy-3 oxochol-4-ene-24-oic acid whilst the major neutral product has been identified as 6 alpha-hydroxyandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione. The minor acidic products were 3,6 dioxochola-1,4-diene-24-oic acid, 3-oxochol-5-ene-24-oic acid, 3-oxochol-4-ene-24 oic acid, 3-oxochola-1,4-diene-24-oic acid and 6 alpha-hydroxy-3-oxochola-1,4 diene-24-oic acid and the minor neutral products were androst-4-ene-3,17-dione, androst-4-ene-3,6,17-trione, androsta-1,4-diene-3,6,17-trione, androsta-1,4-diene 3,17-dione, 17 beta-hydroxyandrosta-1,4-diene-3-one and 6 alpha-hydroxyandrost-4 ene-3,17-dione. Evidence is presented which suggests that under aerobic conditions, one pathway of hyodeoxycholic acid metabolism exists whilst under anaerobic conditions an extra biotransformation pathway becomes operative involving the induction of a 6 alpha-dehydroxylase enzyme. A biochemical pathway of hyodeoxycholic acid metabolism by bacteria under anaerobic conditions is discussed incorporating a scheme involving such an enzyme. PMID- 6621042 TI - Characterization of antibodies against oestrone-azo-protein conjugates using 3H and 125I radioligands. AB - This report describes the synthesis of six oestrone-azo-protein immunogens differing in the position of the azo group in the steroid skeleton and in the nature of carrier protein. By nitration of oestrone, 2-nitro- and 4-nitro-isomers were prepared and converted to amino-derivatives by reduction of the nitro group. The diazotized amino-oestrones were coupled to albumin, thyreoglobulin and haemocyanin. The immunogens thus prepared were administered to rabbits to assess the effect of position of the bridge, carrier protein and adjuvant on antibody production and specificity. Very weak immune responses were obtained with both types of albumin immunogen. The presence of the azo group at C-2 position led to a lower antibody production as compared with C-4 derivatives. The relatively high antibody production was achieved by immunization with oestrone-4-azo thyreoglobulin or oestrone-4-azo-haemocyanin, with the oil component of adjuvant omitted. The antibodies combined with tritiated and iodinated radioligands yielded typical curves showing the sensitivity of 10-20 pg for 3H labelled oestrone and that of 3-10 pg for 125I labelled oestrone. The specificity of the 6 antibodies was tested using 25 related structures. In all these cases there was low cross-reaction with oestradiol, oestriol and their derivatives. On the other hand, the discriminating ability of the antibodies with regard to the opposite end of the molecule, i.e. with regard to the A-ring and partly the B-ring was very low. This makes it possible to use these antibodies for the radioimmunoassay of oestrone alone or some of its metabolites modified in the A-ring. The results of cross reactivity are generalized to the effect that in the oestrone-azo-hapten structure the antigenic determinant area can be ascribed to the size not exceeding 2-3 steroid rings. PMID- 6621043 TI - Characteristics of antibodies against 17 beta-oestradiol in homologous and heterologous systems of radioimmunoassay. AB - Directly iodinated oestradiol-2(4)-iodo-[125I] and oestradiol-6-O-(CMO) [125I]iodohistamine were prepared and used in conjunction with anti-oestradiol 2(4)-azo and anti-oestradiol-6-O-(CMO) sera for the development of various radioimmunoassay (RIA) systems which showed marked differences in sensitivity and relatively small differences in specificity. Whereas the heterologous combination of oestradiol-6-O-(CMO)-[125I]iodohistamine and anti-oestradiol-2(4)-azo-serum showed a sensitivity expressed in femtograms, the homologous combination using oestradiol-6-O-(CMO)-[125I]iodohistamine radioligand exhibited a sensitivity two orders lower. The specificity of both the heterologous and homologous system did not differ significantly from the RIA system using tritiated radioligand. The combination of directly iodinated oestradiol and anti-oestradiol-2(4)-azo-serum showed a higher sensitivity and a lower specificity as compared with tritiated radioligand. PMID- 6621044 TI - Specific glucocorticoid binding in human uterine tissues, placenta and fetal membranes. AB - The binding of [3H]dexamethasone to cytosol fractions of human myometrium, endometrium, decidua, chorion, amnion and placenta has been studied. All tissues examined contained high affinity, low capacity binding sites with high specificity for glucocorticoids. Maximum specific binding of [3H]dexamethasone was reached after about 10 h at 0-4 degrees C and remained stable for at least the next 12 h. Sucrose density gradient analysis showed that the binding macromolecules sedimented at 7.9 S in hypotonic solutions and at 4.35 in solutions containing 0.4 M KCl. In the presence of sodium molybdate, the sedimentation coefficients shifted both in the absence and presence of 0.4 M KCl to 8.9 and 5.7 S, respectively. The apparent equilibrium dissociation constants (Kd) of the glucocorticoid binding sites were similar in most tissues, ranging between 1 and 6 nM, with the exception of the placenta in which the binding sites showed a higher Kd (13-22 nM). In all tissues studied, the binding affinities were similar in nonpregnant and pregnant patients and in patients at different stages of pregnancy or in labor. The concentration of the binding sites in the different tissues ranged from 11 to 268 fmol/mg protein, higher concentrations being found in myometrium, placenta and amnion and lower concentrations found in endometrium, chorion and decidua. The number of binding sites was higher in the myometrium of nonpregnant than pregnant women, but was similar in the myometrium of women at term pregnancy before or during labor. In the placenta, the number of binding sites increased significantly from early pregnancy to midpregnancy, while in chorion, amnion and decidua the number of binding sites did not change during pregnancy. It is concluded that human uterine tissues, placenta and fetal membranes contain specific binding sites with properties characteristic of glucocorticoid receptors suggesting that these tissues may respond directly to glucocorticoids. PMID- 6621045 TI - Second International Congress on Hormones and Cancer. Monte-Carlo, September 18 23, 1983. Abstracts. PMID- 6621046 TI - Oral administration of nicotine: its uptake and distribution after chronic administration to mice. AB - An investigation was made of the suitability of administering nicotine to experimental animals by inclusion in the drinking water. It was found that, after an initial accommodation period of several weeks, nicotine could be administered up to a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml with no decrease in fluid intake or weight gain compared to control. An analysis of the steady-state plasma levels and distribution of nicotine was made in mice which had received nicotine in the drinking water at a concentration of 60 micrograms/ml. The average daily dose of nicotine received by these animals was 17.2 mg/kg. The steady-state plasma level of nicotine was 34.4 ng/ml, representing 6% of the total compound present at steady-state as determined by thin-layer chromatography. The distribution of nicotine or metabolite in mice which had received [methyl-14C]-nicotine orally was determined. Whole-body autoradiography, as well as direct tissue counting, demonstrated that nicotine accumulates in a number of areas, particularly the salivary gland, nasal epithelium, uterus, and liver. There was relatively little material in the blood or brain. This investigation indicates that ad libitum oral administration is an acceptable method for maintaining experimental animals on nicotine for long periods of time. PMID- 6621047 TI - An inexpensive filtration unit and manifold for radioligand binding studies. AB - An inexpensive filtration manifold for radioligand binding studies is described. The manifold can be for any number of filter units, is inexpensive to produce, and is easy to use. The filter units are produced from Swinnex 25-mm syringe filter units. The radioligand binding curve for [3H] QNB to guinea pig ventricle membrane fraction shows that the unit produces consistent results. PMID- 6621048 TI - Histochemical labeling of drug receptors in schistosomes: quantitation using computer image analysis techniques. AB - Computer image analysis techniques were used to quantitate the histochemical labeling of schistosomes with dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonaminoethyl methylamine hydrochloride (DDNS), a fluorescent analog of acetylcholine (ACh). Dose-response curves, consistent with previous experiments, were obtained for DDNS, and for blockage of DDNS labeling, by trifluoperazine and mecamylamine. PMID- 6621049 TI - Development of radioimmunoassays for trifluoperazine and their application to metabolic studies of the drug. AB - Antisera to trifluoperazine have been raised in New Zealand white rabbits to several different types of immunogens, where there was variation in the length and nature of the side chain attached to the phenothiazine nucleus, as well as in the number of hapten residues coupled to bovine serum albumin. A radioimmunoassay for trifluoperazine has been developed which is capable of quantitating 0.3125 ng ml-1 in a 200 microliter plasma sample, with cross-reactivities to the sulfoxide, 7-hydroxy, and N-desmethyl metabolites of trifluoperazine of the order of less than 1, 11, and 12%, respectively. Some of the investigated antisera were applied to metabolic studies involving trifluoperazine, where it was demonstrated that N desmethyltrifluoperazine, rather than 7-hydroxytrifluoperazine, was a major metabolite of trifluoperazine in plasma of a volunteer following administration of a single 5 mg oral dose. PMID- 6621051 TI - Mathematical model for contact inhibited cell division. AB - We present a mathematical model for cell growth, which takes into account cell cell interactions and leads to non-exponential inhibited growth of number of cells. The resulting difference equation is solved and extended to a differential equation which turns out to be of a non-linear diffusion type. PMID- 6621050 TI - Determination of disopyramide and mono-N-desisopropyl-disopyramide in serum by gas-liquid chromatography with nitrogen-selective detection. AB - A rapid, reliable assay is described for the quantitation of disopyramide (DP) and its metabolite, mono-N-desisopropyl-disopyramide (MNDP), in serum using p chloro-disopyramide as the internal standard and aqueous standards for calibration. The procedure involves extraction of the serum sample with diethyl ether, derivatization of MNDP with acetic anhydride, and gas-liquid chromatographic analysis with nitrogen-selective detection. The accuracy of the procedure is 97.8 +/- 10.3 (SD)% for DP over the concentration range, 0.25-10.00 micrograms/ml (n = 37), and 99.6 +/- 10.2 (SD)% for MNDP over the concentration range, 0.50-5.00 micrograms/ml (n = 18). The within-day coefficient of variation is less than 8% for DP and 12% for MNDP. The lower limit of quantitative sensitivity is 0.25 micrograms/ml for DP and 0.50 micrograms/ml for MNDP, and the lower limit of detection is 0.6 ng and 1.6 ng, respectively, for DP and MNDP. This assay has been used to determine the time-course of DP and MNDP and the protein binding of DP (without requiring an in vitro protein binding curve) in the serum obtained from patients and laboratory animals during DP administration. PMID- 6621052 TI - Mathematical immunogenetics I. Mathematics as language. AB - This paper summarizes approaches to developing mathematics that can act as a language for immunogenetics. The need for this has been documented by showing inadequacies of the standard symbolism. Apparent distinctions in symbolizing and conceptualizing factors involved in immunogenetics are seen to disappear in the mathematical models presented here. One model, a three-fold Boolean matrix factorization, subsumes all approaches to the idea of specificity and yet is general enough to incorporate data beyond that found only in a reaction matrix. PMID- 6621053 TI - Mathematical immunogenetics II. Antibody incidence structure. AB - Mathematical Immunogenetics I argued for the development of mathematics as a language for immunogenetics. A three-fold factorization of a reaction matrix was seen to be the important form of a model of a first order immunogenetic system. In the present paper, results of the authors on determining this factorization are reworked from a physical perspective and presented in an algorithmic form that can be used to compute a labeling matrix from data. Computer programs to perform these computations are in preparation. PMID- 6621054 TI - How much evolutionary advantage does sex confer? AB - In discussing the long term advantage of sex, Crow and Kimura (1965) and Maynard Smith (1971) have argued that the advantage of a reproductive system allowing recombination (sex) is greatest for large populations. However the validity of this conclusion depends upon the model used for evolution. We propose two simple models: the bootstrap model, where the number of loci at which favourable mutations may take place remains constant over long time periods; and the environment-led model, where evolution is at a constant rate dictated by the environment (and does not depend on the organism's ability to evolve). While the bootstrap model leads to conclusions similar to those mentioned above, the conclusions for environment-led evolution are the opposite: as the size of the population decreases the advantage for sex increases. PMID- 6621055 TI - A mechanism for the regulation of ligament width based on the resonance frequency of ion concentration waves. AB - A model is developed for a mechanism for the regulation of the width of ligament spaces and of other tissue spaces bounded by calcified surfaces. The proposed mechanism involves the transmission, detection, and retransmission of ion concentration waves by cells located on the calcified surfaces. It is assumed that these cells can use the information regarding ligament width contained in the resonance frequency of the cell-concentration wave system. The assumptions of the proposed mechanism are supported by recent experimental evidence concerning the effect of electrical signals on bone cells, the use of frequency-encoded information by cells, and the production of low frequency K+ pulses by osteoblast like cells. The relation between resonance frequency and ligament width is derived, and the resonance frequencies corresponding to measured ligament widths are shown to occur in the same frequency range as occur in the K+ pulses emitted by bone cells. The model suggests definite experimental tests that involve investigating the effect in vitro of ion concentration wave frequency on bone cell activity and hormone receptors. PMID- 6621056 TI - A mechanism for the control of patch size in mammalian cell DNA excision repair. AB - The hypothesis is suggested that size of the region excised in repair of UV induced damage in mammalian cell is determined by the occurrence at random of a recognition sequence which terminates this excision process. The statistics of first occurrence times for a specific nucleotide sequence in a random chain are derived and shown to lead to an approximately random distribution of sizes around the average. The heterogeneity in sizes arising from a model are shown not to conflict with existing measurements. A sequence of length three or four is sufficient to account for the measured average size. PMID- 6621057 TI - The significance of redundancy in the genetic code. AB - The genetic code has an inherent bias towards some amino acids because of the variable number of synonymous codons per amino acid. In proteins generally, this bias is expressed in the relative proportions of the twenty amino acids. It is suggested that even though neutral mutation may be responsible for the expression of this bias, the latter could be providing a positive advantage by directing mutation to introduce chemically simpler and more immutable amino acids where selective criteria have become relaxed. PMID- 6621058 TI - Concentration profile in the intestinal tract and drug absorption model: two dimensional laminar flow in a circular porous tube. AB - The calculation method of the concentration profile in the intestinal tract was developed by adapting the two-dimensional laminar flow in a circular porous tube to the fluid flow and considering a small water absorption or secretion in the intestinal perfusion experiment. The concentration profile was changed by the axial component of velocity, the radial component of velocity, the membrane permeability coefficient, the reflection coefficient and so on. According to the calculated values, the concentration decreased from the center of the intestinal tract to the intestinal membrane as well as from the inlet to the outlet of the intestinal tract. The concentration at the aqueous-intestinal membrane interface increased when water was absorbed and decreased when water was secreted. Consequently, the drug absorption (or secretion), not only because of the effect of the solvent drag but also because of the increase (or decrease) of the concentration gradient at the aqueous-intestinal membrane interface. Using the proposed model in the present study, the concentration at the aqueous-intestinal membrane interface can be calculated directly under the various conditions. Therefore, the true membrane permeability coefficient can be obtained by a graphic method, without correcting the apparent membrane permeability coefficient by the effective thickness of the aqueous diffusion layer (the unstirred water layer). PMID- 6621059 TI - "Selfish" DNA and differential parental investment: some implications for sex chromosomes. AB - Muller's classical theory of why the Y chromosome is small than X is falsified when applied to Bryophytes and is only partially successful when applied to female heterogametic species. Here an alternative based on the "selfish DNA" hypothesis and on the consequences of differential parental investment by sex is offered for the small size, few expressed genes, and occasional absence of Y. It is argued that Y has these properties because with anisogamy or differential egg/sperm investment in the zygote, Y is parasitic on X. The theory is applied to Bryophytes and to female as well as to male heterogametic species. PMID- 6621060 TI - An ignored error in the mathematical formulation of erythrocyte survival curves. PMID- 6621061 TI - The brain as a geometer. AB - The fragmentary cues we have on the geometric aptitudes of the brain (e.g., in evaluating shapes or appreciating depth) do not lead to a unified model of perceptual geometry. In parallel with physiological studies, aimed at explaining how perception works, I suggest developing the study of the geometrical capabilities of the brain, in order to learn precisely what is accomplished. PMID- 6621062 TI - How does a bacterium grow during its cell cycle? AB - Rod-shaped bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis appear to extend continuously in length between divisions. However, the kinetics of growth of the individual cell in the steady state is still unknown. A brief, critical account of the main approaches used to determine the pattern of surface extension is given. In general, these approaches are of three types. Firstly, attempts have been made to relate average cell size to growth rate of the culture and to determine possible stages in the cell cycle at which the rate of length extension might change. Secondly, comparisons have been made between the measured length distribution of cells and theoretical distributions, based on three primary hypotheses (linear, bilinear and exponential growth). Thirdly, the principle of Collins and Richmond, involving the calculation of growth rate from the length distributions of extant, separating and new-born cells, is described. It is emphasized that there is a strong element of variation in size at different stages of the cell cycle. This variation imposes severe limitations on models which utilize only average cellular dimensions. We conclude that the Collins Richmond principle affords the most powerful approach to the analysis of bacterial growth kinetics. However, we propose that the method be modified to permit calculation of separate rates of growth of cells between discernible events in the cell cycle, as well as simply between birth and division. PMID- 6621063 TI - Simulation of a biological oscillator: the respiratory system. AB - Several models of oscillators defined by a system of non-linear differential equations have been built which simulate quite well some entrainment characteristics of the respiratory system: the range of entrainment, positioning of the stimulus at entrainment and the variation of inspiratory duration with entrainment periods. The construction of the model has been guided by consideration of the isochron configuration and the phase response curve of the system, which may yield a good qualitative fit between simulation and experimental results. PMID- 6621064 TI - Binding of thyroid hormone by heme proteins may signal protein age. AB - Cellular aging is thought to include the accumulation of proteins with post translational modifications that alter degradation rates or function or both. Protein catabolism has been regarded as a randomly occurring process, but recent observations have suggested mechanisms by which old and young cells may distinguish recently-synthesized protein molecules from "old" proteins. Hemoglobin, myoglobin and other heme proteins bind thyroid hormone progressively with time and in a poorly-dissociable manner. This cumulative acquisition of thyroid hormone is postulated to be an index of molecular aging. PMID- 6621066 TI - A unified concept for microbial genetics. PMID- 6621065 TI - Desensitization, two-state receptors and pharmacological parameters. AB - Katz' classical desensitization theory is examined and expanded. Two possible desensitization mechanisms are found to be thermodynamically identical with drug action on a two-state receptor and capable of interpretation as escape from an instability imposed by the activation of the receptor. The expanded theory of desensitization enables classical receptor theory to accomodate unexplained experimental facts such as the "fade" of both agonistic and antagonistic drug action and the metaphilic effect; it also makes it possible to interpret the variable efficacy or intrinsic activity of partial agonists as very rapid desensitization of drug-receptor complexes. PMID- 6621067 TI - Elastic and/or geometric similarity in mammalian design? PMID- 6621068 TI - A theoretical model for surface polarizability in phospholipid membranes. AB - A simple theoretical model based on statistical thermodynamics is proposed in order to correlate surface polarizability in membranes with frequency shifts in the electronic transitions of fluorescence probes. This model predicts a different behaviour for the absorption and emission processes of probes in lipid environments and suggests that as a first approximation these spectroscopic variations can be linearly related to the deformability (polarizability) of the ionic heads of the phospholipids. Some preliminary spectroscopic measurements suggest that this hypothesis might be a correct interpretation of the electronic shift observed in the spectral analysis of phospholipid membranes. PMID- 6621069 TI - Theory on the structure and stability of coated vesicles. AB - Coated vesicles, which are found in many eucaryotic cells, seem to play a role in the transfer of membrane and in the uptake and secretion of proteins. They have polyhedral structures whose faces consist of twelve pentagons and a variable number of hexagons and at whose vertices always three edges meet. To study the stability of such structures theoretically I first enumerate all the topologically distinct polyhedra under the conditions that they have at most ten hexagonal faces. Then I estimate their strain energy assuming Hookean elasticity and considering only interactions of short range. The results show that the three structures of coated vesicles which Crowther et al. (1976) reported have the lowest energy among all the polyhedra under certain conditions. Thus, the seemingly complex structures of coated vesicles can be constructed from only one species of structural units according to the principle of lowest strain energy. PMID- 6621070 TI - Rate theory models for ion transport through rigid pores. I. Time-dependent analysis in the case of vanishing interactions. AB - In this first of a series of papers concerning the theoretical analysis of rate theory models for ion transport through rigid pores, the case of vanishing interactions is investigated. "Rigidity" means that ions crossing membranes through pores see a fixed structure of the pores, not changing in time. A single pore is considered to be a sequence of (n + 1) activation barriers separated by n energy minima. The explicit analytical treatment is restricted to pores with regular internal barrier structure, including the nonequilibrium situation of an applied electric field. In this case the connection with continuum diffusion models is demonstrated by performing in the limit n leads to infinity (n = number of binding sites within the pores) the transition to continuum. Thus, from diffusion equations describing a discrete number of jumps, the corresponding diffusion-like partial differential equations and boundary conditions are generated. For regular pores, from the time dependent solutions of the discrete equations, the corresponding solutions of the continuum equations are explicitly generated. The time-dependent relaxation behaviour of the discrete model is in good agreement with the continuum model if one assumes more than two binding sites in the pores. PMID- 6621071 TI - Transport theory for growing cell populations. AB - The partial differential equation that describes the growth of cell populations whose maturation rate is random is developed. The equation resembles that used in classical transport theory but mitotic boundary conditions and the restriction of the maturation rate to non-negative values brings out new features and new problems. This is a generalization of a previously published formulation in which cells could make transitions at random between only two maturation velocities: a characteristic velocity and zero. Growth rates, cycle time distributions and pulsed labeled mitotic curves are calculated for a simple choice of parameters. A numerical algorithm that is suited to the solution of the transport equation is given. PMID- 6621072 TI - Analysis of cyclic enzyme reaction schemes by the graph-theoretic method. AB - The development of the graph-theoretic method is proposed particularly for the analysis of closed cycles of elementary stages in enzyme reaction schemes. Some simplifications of the graph structure may be based on the application of Kirchhoff's laws to enzyme reaction graphs in the steady-state. The importance of the cyclic processes for enzyme regulations and a principle non-equilibrium of this phenomenon are emphasized. As an example of the regulatory role of cycles "the liberation" from substrate inhibition by substrate analogues is considered. The modification of the graph-theoretic method in the pre-steady-state kinetics for arbitrary initial conditions (for pre-mixing procedures) is also discussed. The necessary and sufficient conditions for damped oscillations in the pre-steady state are formulated which are the equality conditions for some of the rate constants along the cycle (both for reversible and irreversible stages). PMID- 6621073 TI - Theories of cell ageing: a case of mistaken identity. PMID- 6621074 TI - Storage and retrieval of biomolecule sequences. PMID- 6621075 TI - Hemodynamic significance of metabolic turn-over rate. AB - Method in establishing mammalian hemodynamic similarity criteria via the classical allometric approach was examined. Metabolic rate (MR) per unit body weight (w), termed the metabolic turn-over rate (MTR), was found to be linearly related to mammalian resting heart rate (fh). The external ventricular work (EW) per unit body weight was found to be constant among mammalian species. The ratio of (EW/w)/(MTR/fh) is dimensionless, and is about 1/70. This latter qualifies as a new similarity principle. It states that the external ventricular work intensity during each cardiac cycle is directly proportional to the metabolic turn-over rate. PMID- 6621076 TI - Eukaryotic genome: model considerations. AB - The paper presents a new model of chromosome structure based on the assumption that multiple circular subunits of DNA exist. The essential difference with previously described models is the circular DNA unit forms a central chromosome axis. Chromosome configurations during various phases of the cell cycle depend on the various conformations of this central integrating unit. The described model can be generalized for all haploid set of eukaryotic nucleus. Some aspects of the chromosome structure and their functions have been discussed. PMID- 6621077 TI - A plausible molecular interpretation of the polar coordinate model with a centripetal degeneracy of distinctive field values. AB - I have attempted to interpret, in molecular terms, the polar coordinate model for epimorphic regulation, revised to accommodate the rigorously-held constraints of the polar coordinate system (Sibatani, 1981). If the angular coordinate of the field value is represented by a physical variable in the form of a proportion function, R, to be defined as the intensity ratio of two morphogen curves then R can stay unchanged along any radius mapped on the actual space, while the intensity of the two morphogens together approaches zero towards the field centre, satisfying the requirement of the centripetal degeneracy of the distinctive angular field values. Implications of this idea are discussed in theoretical and molecular terms as well as in respect of interpretations of some experimental data. PMID- 6621078 TI - Rouleaux formation as a measure of the phase separating ability of plasma. PMID- 6621079 TI - Experimental mitral regurgitation. Physiological effects of correction on left ventricular dynamics. AB - It has been suggested that mitral valve replacement for mitral regurgitation can precipitate acute myocardial failure by increasing left ventricular afterload. However, most studies of this problem have involved anesthesia, acute surgical trauma, or ischemic cardioplegia, each of which can influence myocardial function. The pure hemodynamic consequences of mitral valve replacement were investigated by surgically instrumenting eight dogs with ultrasonic transducers to measure left ventricular diameter, electromagnetic flow probes to measure ascending aortic blood flow, and micromanometers to measure left ventricular and pleural pressures. At the time of implantation, an 8 mm stainless steel shunt was inserted through the left ventricular myocardium at the base of the anterior wall and sutured to the left atrial appendage, producing simulated mitral regurgitation of 20% to 40% of total ventricular output. Balloon occluders were placed around the left atrial shunt and both venae cavae. One to 7 days after implantation, each dog was studied in the conscious state, and data were recorded during acute occlusion of the shunt. After shunt occlusion, left ventricular mean ejection pressure increased significantly in all studies. Systolic wall tension also increased by an average of 8%, diameter shortening decreased by 21%, and forward cardiac output increased by 17%. Thus the higher afterload associated with elimination of mitral regurgitation produced an acute fall in stroke shortening and total left ventricular output. However, forward cardiac output increased in all studies, implying improved pump efficiency and overall cardiac performance. Thus the improvement in pump efficiency associated with restoration of mitral valve competence uniformly increases forward cardiac output despite an increased ventricular afterload and a decreased total stroke volume. Although there may be differences between this relatively acute model and chronic forms of mitral regurgitation encountered clinically, these data suggest that forward cardiac output should increase with correction of mitral regurgitation and that the associated augmentation in afterload is probably not a major factor causing low cardiac output after correction. PMID- 6621080 TI - Warm induction of cardioplegia with glutamate-enriched blood in coronary patients with cardiogenic shock who are dependent on inotropic drugs and intra-aortic balloon support. AB - This report reviews the initial clinical application of our experimental studies inducing cardioplegia with a warm (37 degrees C) glutamate-enriched blood solution in ischemically damaged hearts. Over 15 months, 23 consecutive coronary patients requiring preoperative intra-aortic balloon and inotropic drug support for cardiogenic shock underwent operation for left ventricular power failure. Twelve patients were given a warm glutamate-enriched blood cardioplegic solution during the first 5 minutes of aortic clamping before multidose cold (4 degrees C) glutamate blood cardioplegia was begun; 11 patients received standard multidose cold blood cardioplegia without glutamate. All patients had comparably depressed left ventricular performance preoperatively despite maximal inotropic and balloon support and showed evidence of extending myocardial infarction. They did not differ in the number of grafts placed (3.7 +/- 0.2), associated valve and aneurysm procedures (seven patients) or cross-clamp time (89 +/- 6 minutes). All patients received warm blood cardioplegic reperfusion before aortic unclamping. The perioperative mortality was 9% (2/23); both patients who died received cold blood cardioplegia without glutamate. In addition to lower mortality, patients receiving warm glutamate blood cardioplegia exhibited better hemodynamics, allowing earlier discontinuation of inotropic drug infusion (1.3 +/- 0.5 versus 2.7 +/- 0.8 days, p less than 0.05) and intraaortic balloon support (1.2 +/- 0.2 versus 3.6 +/- 0.5 days, p less than 0.05). Late mortality was 30%, resulting in a 65% overall survival rate (2 to 15 months) for the entire series of patients. The operative principles evolving from this early experience include (1) warm blood cardioplegic induction, (2) glutamate enrichment, (3) meticulous attention to cardioplegic distribution and grafting sequence, (4) warm cardioplegic reperfusion before unclamping, and (5) graft perfusion during construction of proximal anastomoses. Hopefully, further application of these techniques will improve results in these extremely high risk coronary patients requiring operation. PMID- 6621081 TI - Typical and atypical carcinoids within the pulmonary APUD tumor spectrum. AB - The behavior of pulmonary APUD tumors is not constant; management is controversial, and morphology has reached its limit as a tool for prognostic assessment and therapeutic planning. We have studied 24 patients with carcinoids; 17 patients with typical carcinoids presented with Stage I disease, but one patient later died most probably of small cell undifferentiated lung cancer (SCLC). Seven patients with atypical carcinoids included three with Stage III cancers, one patient with simultaneous bilateral carcinoids, and one patient with simultaneous adenocarcinoma. Of 17 patients with typical carcinoids, 16 or 92% are disease free or died of unrelated causes. Of seven patients with atypical carcinoids, five or 71% are disease free. Tumor doubling time of atypical carcinoids, was 79.6 months (45 to 120) or six times shorter than that of typical carcinoids (p less than 0.05). Two of the three deaths from cancer were probably from SCLC and one from a synchronous adenocarcinoma. Review of diagnostic material from 12 patients with SCLC who survived a mean of 41 months (24 to 134) showed that diagnosis had rested on cytology alone in four patients and that, in seven patients, the quality or extent of the original diagnostic material was adequate to make the diagnosis of a malignant tumor but inadequate to permit reclassification. Tumor cells from 11 patients with carcinoids (seven typical and four atypical) and 28 patients with SCLC had DNA measurement by image analysis. The mean DNA content of typical and atypical carcinoids and SCLC is 1.17, 1.25, and 1.94 respectively (p less than 0.001). These findings strongly suggest a relationship between DNA content and atypia or malignancy in APUD lung tumors. We conclude that there are at least two levels of virulence among carcinoids represented by typical and atypical carcinoids. The prognosis for treated Stage I typical and atypical carcinoids is excellent. When deaths occur, they are from systemic cancer. Current evidence indicates that DNA measurements by image analysis may help to discriminate levels of malignancy among APUD pulmonary cancers and thereby help to clarify therapeutic controversies. PMID- 6621082 TI - Reoperation on prosthetic heart valves. An analysis of risk factors in 552 patients. AB - Five hundred fifty-two patients underwent a total of 617 reoperations for repair or replacement of a prosthetic heart valve. Operative mortality for first reoperation (530 patients) was 5.9% for the aortic position and 19.6% for the mitral position. Overall operative mortality was 14% for second reoperation (69 patients) and 7% for third reoperation (14 patients). In addition to valve position, operative mortality for first reoperation appeared to be related to pre reoperation functional class and urgency of operation. First reoperation for mitral valve patients in New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II was 4.2%; for Class III, 9.3%; and for Class IV, 41%. In the aortic position, operative mortality was 2.4% for Class I, 1.6% for Class II, 6.3% for Class III, and 20.8% for Class IV. The mortality for elective mitral valve reoperation was 0%; for urgent operation, 20.3%; and for emergency procedures, 54.5%. Elective aortic valve reoperation carried a 1.4% mortality; urgent procedures, 8%; and emergency procedures, 37.5%. No significant differences in bleeding complications were noted between reoperations and initial valve replacement. The data appear to suggest that when significant valve dysfunction is first noted, reoperation should be undertaken to minimize operative risk. PMID- 6621083 TI - Mitral reconstructive operations. A series of 130 consecutive cases. AB - Between January, 1975, and January, 1982, 130 patients underwent mitral valvuloplasty for pure or predominant mitral insufficiency. Mean age at operation was 30 +/- 17 years. Twenty-five patients were under 15 years of age. Mitral insufficiency was mainly (112/130) due to rheumatic disease. Fifty-nine patients (45.4%) had another diseased valve which necessitated a surgical correction (tricuspid in 36 and aortic in 23). Surgical technique for mitral valvuloplasty varied according to the lesions. Three patients died in the first month after operation (2.3%). Five patients are lost to follow-up. The mean follow-up period for the 122 remaining patients is 38 +/- 27 months. Seven patients required reoperation and three of them died. An additional patient died without reoperation. Therefore, the late mortality was 3.1% (4/122). Almost all (116/118) of the remaining patients are in Class I (105) or II (11) of the New York Heart Association. Mean cardiothoracic ratio decreased from 60.6% +/- 7.7% preoperatively to 53.7% +/- 6.2% postoperatively (p less than 0.001). Thromboembolic episodes were noted in four patients, all of them in atrial fibrillation. Actuarial curves including hospital mortality showed a 92.0% survival rate at 7 years for the overall series (1.0% +/- 0.5%/patient-year), 93.7% +/- 4.9% at 7 years for isolated mitral reconstruction and 89.9% +/- 5.6% for mitral-tricuspid valvuloplasty at 5 years. The embolism-free rate at 7 years was 91.2%, with a rate of thromboembolic episodes of 1.0 +/- 0.5%/patient-year. Eighty-eight percent were free of reoperation at 7 years, with a rate of reoperation of 1.7 +/- 0.7%/patient-year. This system of mitral repair can provide stable functional results, low surgical and late mortality, and an acceptable rate of reoperation. PMID- 6621085 TI - Early experience with the ionescu-shiley pericardial xenograft valve. Accelerated calcification in children. AB - Recognizing the problems of thromboembolism and anticoagulation in children and the high incidence of calcification in porcine valves in children, we hoped that the Ionescu-Shiley valve might be a good choice in the younger age group. We implanted 2,372 Ionescu-Shiley valves in 2,167 patients between 1978 and 1982, of which 30 were in children 16 years of age and younger. Although there have been no known instances of thromboembolism, valve infection, or valve disruption in this group of children, seven (23%) have already required reoperation for calcific stenosis. Although calcification appears maximal in postpubertal children less than 17 years of age, we consider it unwise currently to place these valves in any child and have returned to mechanical valves for this purpose. PMID- 6621084 TI - The Hancock external valved conduit. A dichotomy between late clinical results and late cardiac catheterization findings. AB - The Hancock external valved conduit was inserted in 18 children between 1974 and 1977. Seventeen patients survived operation and 15 are long-term survivors of 6 to 9 years. All patients have been closely followed up by the same pediatric cardiologist and each has undergone serial cardiac catheterization studies, generally performed at 1 and 6 years after operation. All long-term surviving patients have been in either New York Heart Association Class I or II. A few continue to take digoxin or diuretics. Cardiac catheterization demonstrated a gradient of 50 mm Hg or greater across the conduit in two of 16 patients 1 year after operation and in seven of 15 patients 6 years after operation. Five patients (30% of all long-term survivors) have had this conduit replaced and each has survived reoperation. The finding of a severe conduit gradient in one third of all long-term surviving patients is particularly bothersome since these patients were essentially asymptomatic. This study emphasizes the need for serial follow-up cardiac catheterization studies in all patients who receive the Hancock conduit. PMID- 6621086 TI - Hypothermia and circulatory arrest for surgical resection of aortic arch aneurysms. AB - In the 6 year period 1976 through 1981, 13 patients had surgical correction of aneurysms of the aortic arch with the use of deep systemic hypothermia (15 degrees to 24 degrees C) and partial (lower body only) or complete circulatory arrest. Three pathological groups were recognized: Group I (seven patients), with involvement of the aortic arch only; Group II (two patients), with extension of disease from the arch into its major vessels; and Group III (four patients), with predominant involvement of the major vessels. In the first eight patients (1976 to 1979), the carotid arteries were perfused directly with circulatory arrest of the rest of the body. Three of the eight patients (37.5%) died, two of cerebral complications and one of respiratory failure. Another patient had a nonfatal neurologic complication. In the last five patients (1980 to 1981), the carotid arteries were not perfused and variable periods of cerebral ischemia under hypothermic protection (18 degrees C) were permitted. All patients survived, and only one showed transient, minor neurologic changes. Our current recommended technique includes deep systemic hypothermia (15 degrees to 18 degrees C) using femoro-femoral bypass, complete circulatory arrest, and temporary occlusion of the carotid arteries. Additional protection of the myocardium is achieved by cold potassium (20 mEq/L) cardioplegia. Repair of the aneurysm is performed from within the aortic arch in a bloodless field. The hitherto high mortality and morbidity following resection of aneurysms of the aortic arch can be greatly reduced using this simplified technique. PMID- 6621087 TI - Surgical management of severe coarctation of the aorta in the first month of life. AB - Between March, 1978, and April, 1982, 48 neonates under 4 weeks of age were operated upon for severe coarctation of the aorta in our unit. Of these, 36 babies were in severe congestive cardiac failure and 11 had renal failure. Angiocardiography and echocardiography demonstrated intracardiac lesions in 29 patients. All had a patent ductus arteriosus. Surgical relief of the coarctation was effected within 48 hours of diagnosis. Those in severe cardiac and renal failure were intubated and ventilated in the intensive care unit before the operation. Continuous monitoring of the central venous and arterial pressures and rectal and skin temperature and periodic checks on the acid-base status were instituted, and acidosis was corrected carefully with a 4.2% solution of sodium bicarbonate. A dopamine infusion (4 to 8 micrograms/kg/min) was used to assist the renal and cardiac functions. Five babies were treated with prostaglandin E for 24 to 46 hours before the operation. Forty-five patients had subclavian flap repair of the coarctation and the other three had repair by polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) patch angioplasty. The patients were ventilated for 1 to 8 days postoperatively. Dopamine support was given to all the immediate postoperative period. Three patients with associated cardiac lesions died in the first 48 hours after operation. Three other patients died on the sixth, eighth, and eleventh postoperative days of noncardiac causes. Of the 42 survivors, three required revision of the repair because of restenosis 3 to 18 months later. Three patients with ventricular septal defect had closure of the defect within 8 months after birth. We believe that coarctation of the aorta presenting soon after birth should be treated by a combination of active resuscitation and early surgical relief, and that continuous monitoring for early detection and correction of hypoxia and acidosis is essential to achieve satisfactory results. PMID- 6621088 TI - Arrhythmias and conduction disturbances following cardiac operation for the removal of left atrial myxomas. AB - Between September, 1971, and April, 1982, 11 patients (seven female) with left atrial myxomas underwent surgical resection at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. The tumors ranged in size from 4 to 9 cm (mean 6.3 cm) and were attached to the interatrial septum (four superiorly, four inferiorly), the free atrial wall (one posteriorly, one at the dome), or both (one). Although all patients were symptomatic preoperatively, arrhythmias were uncommon; only one had chronic atrial fibrillation, and two others had had single episodes of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in the immediate preoperative period. Early postoperatively, all but one patient had episodes of atrial fibrillation (eight patients), atrial flutter (four patients), junctional rhythm (six patients), sinus arrest (two patients), or complete heart block (three patients). Ten patients required antiarrhythmic therapy, and two required permanent pacemaker implantation. After a mean follow up of 48 months (range 7 to 124), seven patients continue to have episodic or chronic supraventricular arrhythmias, with only three patients not using antiarrhythmic drugs regularly. The pathophysiological basis for these arrhythmias is unclear, but some patients appear to have sustained injury to the sinus node or atrioventricular node, while others have developed interatrial or intra-atrial conduction delays. Attention should be directed to the basis of these arrhythmias and conduction disturbances, as surgical technique may be the major determinant of this early and late postoperative complication. PMID- 6621089 TI - Results of valve replacement with the Omniscience prosthesis. AB - Clinical experience with the Omniscience prosthesis from two regional cardiac units in England is presented. Actuarial analysis suggests a prohibitive incidence of prosthetic thrombosis of the mitral valve, this complication occurring in 14 of a total of 96 (15%) patients studied over a mean period of approximately 1 1/2 years. Aortic valve implantations were frequently complicated by prosthetic dehiscence, which occurred in nine of a total of 88 (10%) patients who received this valve. Our results with this prosthesis contrasts markedly with our favorable experience with other types of prostheses and lead us to question the suitability of the Omniscience valve for further clinical use. PMID- 6621090 TI - Spontaneous nontraumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta. AB - Spontaneous nontraumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta is a rare, life threatening condition for which emergency diagnostic and therapeutic measures are indicated. The entity should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with chest pain and signs of pericardial tamponade. PMID- 6621091 TI - Complications of intercostal nerve blocks performed under direct vision during thoracotomy: a report of two cases. AB - Intrathoracic intercostal nerve block is a well-described procedure used to provide postoperative pain relief following thoracotomy. The two cases described present possible complications secondary to such blocks and suggest that the routine use of intrathoracic intercostal nerve blocks should be discouraged. PMID- 6621093 TI - Diaphragmatic paralysis. PMID- 6621092 TI - Heparin resistance during cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 6621094 TI - The use of fluorescent tracers in the peripheral sensory nervous system. AB - We have developed an injection technique which simplifies the use of fluorescent tracers in investigating the projections of peripheral nerves both in rats and pigeons, and avoids the difficulties experienced with the cut nerve technique. The tracers are injected into the peripheral nerve and transported to cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). By a careful choice of tracer it is possible to investigate the projections of two or more nerves in the same preparation. We have used two combinations of tracer which can be viewed simultaneously in the cell at the same excitation wavelength (405 nm): (1) propidium iodide (PI) and bisbenzimide (Bb) which produce an orange cytoplasmic fluorescence and blue nuclear fluorescence respectively; and (2) Fast blue (FB) and Nuclear yellow (NY) which label the cytoplasm blue and the nucleus yellow. This distribution of tracers is similar to that reported in central neurones but differs from that reported in the efferent peripheral nervous system. Using these tracers we have observed double-labelled neurones in the DRG of both rats and pigeons, which is an indication for the dichotomizing of peripheral fibres. The existence of two tracers in double-labelled cells has been confirmed microspectrophotometrically. PMID- 6621095 TI - A new photographic method for mapping spatio-temporal receptive field using television snow stimulation. AB - A means was devised to measure simultaneously spatial as well as temporal characteristics of visual receptive fields by stimulating the retina with the noise obtained on an unused television channel. The input, television snow, and the output, neural response, were recorded on a video tape. The tape was played back to obtain the (linear) spatio-temporal Wiener kernel by cross-correlating the input with the output. This method can be applied to extract the linear part of the visual responses in time and space. PMID- 6621096 TI - Application of high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection to the determination of catecholamines in microdissected regions of the rat brain. AB - High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection was applied for measurement of catecholamines in microdissected tissues from discrete brain regions. Brain areas were dissected, extracted and processed for HPLC assay without further purification. The advantage of this method is its simplicity and relatively low cost and may therefore be applied to the measurement of amines in brain micropunches. PMID- 6621097 TI - ATP content in isolated mammalian nerve cells assayed by a modified luciferin luciferase method. AB - ATP content in a nerve cell isolated from dorsal root ganglia of adult guinea pigs by collagenase was measured by a newly developed technique modified from the conventional luciferin-luciferase methods. A small volume (4 microliters) of the nerve cell suspension, which contained 10-300 nerve cells (3-100 X 10(-4) microliters of cellular volume) under view of an inverted, phase-contrast microscope, was heat-treated for about 1 s by flame of an alcohol lamp. This heat treated cell suspension was then reacted with a luciferin-luciferase solution. Light flux from the bioluminescence thus elicited gave an ATP content in single nerve cell, 27 pg (mean) +/- 10 pg (S.D.). ATP concentration in a nerve cell was calculated as 1.7 mM (mean) +/- 0.6 mM. The ATP content in a nerve cell was reduced when the nerve cells were exposed to KCN (5 microM) or dinitrophenol (20 microM), respectively. PMID- 6621098 TI - Recovering the parameters of finite mixtures of normal distributions from a noisy record: an empirical comparison of different estimating procedures. AB - Three procedures were compared for their ability to estimate the known parameters of mixtures of normal distributions: maximum likelihood estimators (MLE), X2 minimization method and the least-square error procedure. For this purpose a Monte-Carlo study was undertaken to evaluate empirically the performance of the estimators. We chose to investigate their behaviour using closely-positioned mixtures of two or 3 univariate Gaussians. The Monte-Carlo simulations clearly demonstrate the superiority of the MLE and X2 minimum methods. Other reasons why the MLE is to be preferred are discussed. The effect of sample size was also examined. All 3 estimators have also been applied to data derived from different physiological experiments, and the use of the estimators is considered in practical terms. The formulae for all 3 procedures are given in the Appendix. PMID- 6621099 TI - A new method for the topological analysis of neuronal tree structures. AB - Statistical analysis of the frequencies of observed branching patterns of neuronal arborescences is an important means of studying neuronal growth and of characterizing axonal or dendritic populations. We recently derived simple formulae for the exact probabilities of occurrence of types of neuronal trees for both segmental and terminal growth. Additionally, the existence of a natural ordering of the neuronal tree types enables the application of the Kolmogorov goodness-of-fit test. In the present report it is illustrated how these facilities can be incorporated in the analysis of neuronal arborizations. Interesting features are that very large neuronal arborizations can be analyzed completely and that only small sample sizes are required for the estimation of the critical level corresponding to the growth hypothesis. Further, it is indicated how populations of neuronal tree structures may be compared with each other without reference to a particular growth theory. PMID- 6621100 TI - An analog-digital feedback system for measuring photoreceptor properties with an equal response method. AB - This paper describes a feedback system in which a neutral density wedge automatically controls the light flux applied to a photoreceptor, so that an intracellular recorded response is held constant. We describe here a "differential sampler" that subtracts the photoreceptors dark response from the light response induced by a chopped light source. The resulting signal drives the feedback system. The response time of the feedback system can be adjusted with a "digital integrator" to match a range of variable conditions that occur in different experiments. PMID- 6621101 TI - The stereotrode: a new technique for simultaneous isolation of several single units in the central nervous system from multiple unit records. AB - A new method is described for the recording and discrimination of extracellular action potentials in CNS regions with high cellular packing density or where there is intrinsic variation in action potential amplitude during burst discharge. The method is based on the principle that cells with different ratios of distances from two electrode tips will have different spike-amplitude ratios when recorded on two channels. The two channel amplitude ratio will remain constant regardless of intrinsic variation in the absolute amplitude of the signals. The method has been applied to the rat hippocampal formation, from which up to 5 units have been simultaneously isolated. The construction of the electrodes is simple, relatively fast, and reliable, and their low tip impedances result in excellent signal to noise characteristics. PMID- 6621102 TI - A comparison of the selectivities of microelectrodes incorporating the Orion and Corning liquid ion exchangers for potassium over sodium. AB - The K+:Na+ selectivities of double-barrelled microelectrodes employing either of two commercially available liquid ion exchangers for K+ (Corning 477317 and Orion) have been measured using several calibration methods. Microelectrodes employing the Orion exchanger were found to be much less selective than those based on Corning 477317. PMID- 6621103 TI - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Three years' experience at the Mayo Clinic. AB - From January 1979 through January 1982, 69 patients with end-stage renal failure of various causes were treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The dialysis was adequate and stable in all except four patients; two of these four became irreversibly uremic, and the other two had inadequate ultrafiltration. Hemoglobin levels increased initially and remained stable in all but two patients. In our experience, metabolic problems included control of secondary hyperparathyroidism, adequate protein nutrition, progressive neuropathy, abnormal lipoprotein profiles, and excessive weight gain. Technical problems included recurrent peritonitis, maintenance of adequate peritoneal access, and development of abdominal hernias. In general, all but two patients remained enthusiastic about this type of therapy despite inherent problems. The long-term potential of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis remains uncertain at this point, but for most patients, adequate short-term treatment by this method is a reasonable alternative to hemodialysis. PMID- 6621104 TI - Neurogenic tumors of the sciatic nerve. A clinicopathologic study of 35 cases. AB - Thirty-five cases of neurogenic sciatic nerve tumors are described. Pain is the major clinical manifestation but may give rise to diagnostic confusion because of its often prominent site far distant from the neoplasm. Nonpalpable tumors are best identified by computed tomographic scan of the pelvis and thighs. Early surgical therapy is advisable. Neurilemomas are treated by simple enucleation with preservation of the sciatic nerve. They rarely recur. For neurofibromas, total excision is often not possible. As long as they are small and neurologically nondestructive, subtotal excision with preservation of the nerve trunk is recommended. When they are large or have caused marked neurologic dysfunction, radical tumor and nerve resection is required. In the usually highly malignant neurofibrosarcomas, disarticulation of the hip joint or hindquarter amputation affords the best chance for cure and should not be delayed once the diagnosis has been established. PMID- 6621105 TI - High-resolution ultrasonographic and pathologic abnormalities of germ cell tumors in patients with clinically normal testes. AB - Germ cell tumors that manifest as extragonadal masses in patients with testes that are normal to palpation are an unusual clinical finding. The possibility of the existence of an occult testicular primary tumor has prompted investigation of noninvasive techniques to examine the testes. The records of patients who had undergone high-resolution real-time ultrasonography of the testes were matched to those of patients who had presented with newly diagnosed germ cell tumors from January 1981 through October 1982. Six patients were identified, and their case records are reviewed. Ultrasonographic and pathologic findings are discussed. High-resolution ultrasonography seems to be an important adjuvant test in the assessment of patients with germ cell tumors who present with extragonadal disease. PMID- 6621106 TI - Clinical implications of variation in total venoarterial shunt fraction calculated by different methods during severe acute respiratory failure. AB - Ventilation-perfusion imbalance is the major physiologic disturbance that produces hypoxemia in acute respiratory failure, and total venoarterial shunt fraction is frequently used as a measure of its severity. Ninety-one total venoarterial shunt fractions were calculated from 29 patients with severe acute respiratory failure. Four different methods were used for each estimation, only two of which considered the influence of cardiac output and tissue oxygen uptake. The differences among the results were statistically significant and rendered invalid those that were calculated independently of mixed venous oxygen values. Lack of uniformity of the methods that have been used for calculating shunts in respiratory failure makes it difficult to compare individual patients or groups of them from previous reports. Use of a standard method is desirable so that statistical evaluation of severity and response to treatment can be undertaken. Older data on which therapeutic decisions may be based can have misleading variability from those derived from currently accepted techniques and could appreciably influence patient care. PMID- 6621107 TI - On the cultivation of virtue. PMID- 6621108 TI - Peritoneal dialysis--60 years later. PMID- 6621109 TI - Fulminant hepatitis: treatment or management? PMID- 6621110 TI - Codon recognition fidelity of ribosomes at the first and second positions does not decrease during aging. AB - We have developed a novel method to examine the translational fidelity of mammalian ribosomes in vitro, where protamine mRNA was used as a template. This method enabled us to determine frequency of misrecognition of purine bases at the second position of arginine codons (AGR/AAR) in the mRNA. Using this method the fidelity of translation of ribosomes derived from mouse livers was found to remain unchanged from 2 to 29 months, the maximum life span of the animal. This conclusion is not consistent with the "error catastrophe" theory of aging. This is the first report in which translational fidelity of ribosomes of animals of various ages has been compared by an in vitro translation of a natural mRNA. PMID- 6621111 TI - Age-dependent changes in the cellularity and ultrastructure of the spleen of Fischer F344 rats. AB - The age-related changes in the cellularity (cells/gram of tissue) of the spleens and thymuses of Fischer F344 male rats were determined. A decline in the weight of the thymus with age was observed as previously reported by others. The decline was most drastic between 4 and 20 months of age. The spleen, however, increased in weight with age. The increase was almost linear between 4 and 30 months of age. Yet when the number of cells recovered from each organ as a function of age was determined, a decrease for both the thymus and the spleen was observed with increasing age. It was surprising to find that fewer cells were recovered from the spleens of old animals even though the weight of the spleen of the old animals was greater than the spleens from the younger animals. The ultrastructure of the splenic white pulp of rats ranging from 4 to 30 months of age was studied to determine the possible cause for the age-related decrease in cellularity of the spleen. The white pulp of the 4-month-old rats contained a large number of small lymphocytes, and the number of cells was found to decrease with increasing age. The 30-month-old animals had less than 20% the number of lymphocytes in the white pulp as the 4-month-old animals, and the white pulp exhibited an increased number of reticular cells and macrophages with enlarged cytoplasm. The decreased cellularity and increased structural disturbance might be significant in the age related decline of spleen lymphocyte functions. PMID- 6621112 TI - Similarity between in vitro and in vivo cellular aging. AB - In vivo and in vitro cellular aging were compared by determining the division capacity of individual, cloned cells of (1) the primary stromal population of human bone marrow, obtained from donors of various ages, and (2) the population at various passage levels of an in vitro subcultivated culture of the same origin. We find a strong similarity between the two series of data. This observation provides a further argument that cellular aging in vitro represents a biologically relevant phenomenon. PMID- 6621113 TI - The effect of clinical and subclinical concentrations of lead on the in vitro aging of human fibroblasts. AB - The effect of 20, 40 and 80 micrograms per 100 ml concentrations of lead on the in vitro senescence of fetal human diploid fibroblasts IMR-90 was determined. The areas and dry mass of the cell, nucleus and nucleolus were measured at early, middle and late passages. There was a decrease in total population doublings as the concentration of lead in the medium was increased. Although there was a decrease in the number of nucleoli per cell with successive doublings, there was no difference between controls and lead-treated cells. There was an increase in nucleolar dry mass as the cells aged and this was most noticeable in the 40- and 80-micrograms groups. There were no noteworthy changes in nuclear and cellular areas and dry mass with respect to lead treatment. The results are discussed and it is concluded that even subclinical concentrations of lead cause an acceleration of cellular aging in vitro. PMID- 6621114 TI - Antigenic variation during cellular aging in Paramecium tetraurelia. AB - Clones of Paramecium tetraurelia undergoing cellular aging were exposed to two antisera, anti-32 and anti-25, raised against surface antigen isolated from cells grown at 32 degrees C or 25 degrees C. When young clones were exposed to the two antisera about 50% were immobilized by anti-32 while others were not immobilized by either antisera. These clones were grouped as group A or B depending upon their sensitivity or nonsensitivity to the two antisera. Young cells of group A were immobilized by anti-32 and during aging these cells either maintained the same antigenic type or transformed to another. Young group B clones were not immobilized by either antisera but gradually became sensitive to anti-32. Some clones from both groups showed sensitivity to both antisera. The possible mechanism of antigenic variation during fission age is discussed. PMID- 6621115 TI - Patterns of hospital growth. The case of profit hospitals. AB - Profit hospitals have declined substantially in number during the twentieth century and in recent years have constituted approximately 10% of all hospitals. Previous research from 1954 through 1971 indicates that profit hospitals are essentially transitory in nature, entering areas of rapid population growth, then closing or converting to nonprofit status when population growth has stabilized and personal income has reached a level sufficient to provide private and public support for nonprofit hospitals. This article extends the period of study from 1971 through 1977 and reveals that population growth has had a negative impact on the market share of profit hospitals over this later period, while income has had no detectable effect. Increases in the market share of profits are associated with prior increases in utilization rates and in insurance coverage by Medicare and commercial firms. PMID- 6621116 TI - Quantitative measurement of continuity of care. Measures in use and an alternative approach. AB - Continuity of care is a frequently used concept without a commonly accepted definition. Proposed measures reflect different aspects of continuity, the concentration-of-care aspect playing a key role. Almost all previously proposed measures are individual-based. As an alternative we propose a visit-based approach. The visit-based measures are easy to handle technically and, because of immediate interpretations, conceptually. They are more flexible than individual based measures regarding time perspective and ways of forming subpopulations for different kinds of comparisons. Furthermore, it is possible to derive every individual-based measure hitherto proposed from visit-based measures. When forming population measures from visit-based ones, equal weighting of visits rather than individuals seems natural. We argue that the same weighting scheme is appropriate in many situations when equal weighting of individuals has been used. PMID- 6621117 TI - Receiver operating characteristic analysis of diagnostic skill. AB - In an effort to assess diagnostic skill, the authors collected estimates of the probability of positive results for 392 chest x-rays and 595 throat cultures from 56 pediatricians at different stages in training. Positivity rates were 28.6% for x-rays and 32.9% for throat cultures. The ability to predict the outcome of chest x-rays (pneumonia or not) improved with training on two measures: 1) "calibration," the accuracy of the guessed probability of positivity, and 2) "operating characteristic," the ability to sort patients with negative x-rays from patients with positive x-rays. Improvement was most marked in the ability to predict that a patient with a positive x-ray would have a positive x-ray. For throat culture results, no regular improvement was found with training either in calibration or in operating characteristic. Measurements of calibration and operating characteristic are useful for assessing the effect of training on diagnostic skill. PMID- 6621119 TI - Rocky road: the flavor of health services research. PMID- 6621118 TI - Patient understanding and satisfaction as predictors of compliance. AB - Patients' satisfaction with the communicative aspects of their medical visits and understanding of their prescription drug regimens were measured for a sample of visits to a prepaid medical plan in a mid-Atlantic metropolitan area. The 1367 patients, who visited either the Department of Adult Medicine or the Urgent Care Center during a 2-week period and their physicians completed questionnaires as part of an ongoing quality assessment study. A 50% random sample of these patients was interviewed by telephone a week after their visits. Compliance was found to be positively correlated with understanding of drug instructions but negatively correlated with satisfaction with communication during the visit. Our findings suggest that satisfying doctor-patient interactions do not necessarily reflect effective communication about drug regimens. PMID- 6621121 TI - [The habit of hand washing in an intensive care unit]. PMID- 6621120 TI - [Endocrinologic evaluation of 61 patients with acromegaly treated with transsphenoidal removal alone, or associated with telecobalt irradiation or bromocriptine or both]. PMID- 6621122 TI - [Brucellosis: a clinico-epidemiologic study of 139 cases]. PMID- 6621123 TI - [Tumor markers]. PMID- 6621124 TI - [Corticotherapy in rheumatology]. PMID- 6621125 TI - [Terminal ileitis as isolated manifestation of yersinia infection]. PMID- 6621126 TI - [Nephrotic syndrome and renal artery stenosis]. PMID- 6621127 TI - [Seasonal allergic rhinitis]. PMID- 6621128 TI - [Principles of the clinical trial]. PMID- 6621129 TI - [CA 19.9 as tumor marker: preliminary results]. PMID- 6621130 TI - [Acute hemolytic anemia in a case of Wilson's disease without other symptoms]. PMID- 6621131 TI - [Radioisotope arteriography in the diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysms]. PMID- 6621132 TI - [Familial clustering in Paget's disease: etiopathogenic implications. Presentation of a family with 12 affected members]. PMID- 6621133 TI - [Normal uric acid metabolism parameters measured by an isotope technic]. PMID- 6621134 TI - [Spontaneous infection of the ascitic fluid in cirrhotic patients. Incidence, clinical and bacteriological features and mortality in a general hospital]. PMID- 6621135 TI - [Computed axial tomography in adult hepatorenal polycystosis (Potter type III)]. PMID- 6621136 TI - [Familial clustering in Paget's disease of bone: an epidemiological perspective of interest]. PMID- 6621137 TI - [Dolichoectasia of the intracraneal arteries: an unusual cause of diplopia]. PMID- 6621138 TI - [Polymicrobial bacterial endocarditis in a patient with mitral prolapse]. PMID- 6621139 TI - [Duodenal ulcer: multiple medical treatments]. PMID- 6621140 TI - [Legionella versus psittacosis]. PMID- 6621141 TI - [The determination of glycosylated hemoglobin levels (I): methods]. PMID- 6621142 TI - [Hemoptysis: a current study]. PMID- 6621143 TI - [Triolein C14 breath test for the detection of the presence or absence of steatorrhea]. PMID- 6621145 TI - [Glycosylation of hemoglobin and other proteins in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6621144 TI - [The value of total IgE serum concentrations in the diagnosis of hepatic hydatid cyst]. PMID- 6621146 TI - [Rational use of echocardiography]. PMID- 6621147 TI - [Staphylococcus pyomyositis: a tropical disease?]. PMID- 6621148 TI - [Cerebral abscess treated with antibiotics and corticosteroids]. PMID- 6621149 TI - [The lupus anticoagulant]. PMID- 6621150 TI - [Milk-alkali syndrome]. PMID- 6621151 TI - [Cavernous lesions in Mycoplasma pneumonia. A rare evoluting form]. PMID- 6621152 TI - [Diagnostic value of computerized axial tomography in hernia of Spieghel]. PMID- 6621153 TI - [Localized cutaneous amyloidosis: lichen amyloidosis]. PMID- 6621154 TI - [Infectious spondylitis and paravertebral abscess in a heroin addict patient]. PMID- 6621156 TI - [1st case of Legionnaires' disease described in Galicia]. PMID- 6621155 TI - [Septic arthritis in drug-addicts]. PMID- 6621157 TI - [Bilateral pelvic renal ectopia: a new case]. PMID- 6621158 TI - [Antiribonucleoprotein antibodies. Is it detection obliged for the diagnosis of mixed connective tissue disease?]. PMID- 6621159 TI - [Effect of environmental conditions on the presentation of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage. (II) Pollution]. PMID- 6621160 TI - [Immunologic markers of HBV in a hemodialysis unit]. PMID- 6621161 TI - [The upper triangle sign in atelectasis of the middle lobe and lower right lobe]. PMID- 6621162 TI - [Circulating anticoagulants in systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6621163 TI - [Advances in pharmacology and progress in therapeutics]. PMID- 6621164 TI - [What therapeutic value does differential diagnosis have for neuromuscular patients?]. PMID- 6621166 TI - [Acquired extrinsic pulmonary stenosis caused by Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 6621165 TI - [Amyloid arthropathy and Bence Jones myeloma]. PMID- 6621167 TI - [Immunocytochemical determination of lactoferrin from secondary granules of polynuclear neutrophils]. PMID- 6621168 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and the treatment of hemophilia]. PMID- 6621169 TI - [Hepatic abscesses: pyogenic or amebic?]. PMID- 6621171 TI - [Ciliated epithelial esophageal cyst]. PMID- 6621170 TI - [Diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of Cardiobacterium hominis infectious endocarditis]. PMID- 6621172 TI - [Salmonella typhi meningoencephalitis]. PMID- 6621173 TI - [Mural endocarditis in a heroin dependent patient]. PMID- 6621174 TI - [Spontaneous bilateral chylothorax]. PMID- 6621175 TI - Symposium on medical virology. PMID- 6621176 TI - A simple method for pharmacological separation of motivation attention and learning. AB - A simple 2 X 2 factorial analysis provides separation of drive and learning aspects in a bar press escape learning. In addition, attentional measure is given considering the dispersion of results. This experimental design has been proved with Diazepam, a drug of rather well known effects, to assert the validity of the method. PMID- 6621177 TI - A method for induction of cold, indomethacin and restraint ulcers in rats. AB - A new method has been developed for producing gastric ulcers in rats. The rapid induction of gastric lesions was achieved by a combination of the administration of indomethacin in addition to cold and restraint stressors. Ulcer indices were easily reproducible and remained constant. In addition, atropine, cimetidine and an antacid were tested for their antiulcerogenic effects with the same model. All three drugs inhibited ulcer development in a dose-dependent manner. PMID- 6621178 TI - Are local tolerance tests in animals always necessary? AB - The Draize test was introduced in 1944 as a toxicological standardization method to study irritation and toxicity of substances applied to the eye (and the skin). It has been considered, from that time on, as a routine toxicological protocol by most regulatory agencies to test eye-tolerance of chemicals. The authors think that for ethical and scientific reasons, this test is obsolete and should be changed or eliminated. They suggest the use of cell cultures or an in vitro technique for ocular safety assessment. The described technique uses a bovine cornea clamped in vitro between two chambers and kept alive in physiological conditions during six hours. This in vitro corneal perfusion system replaces in vivo irritation tests and enables quantitation of corneal drug uptake at the same time. This system provides reproducible results and can be used in ocular toxicological studies as well as in pharmacokinetic modeling. PMID- 6621179 TI - Serum pseudocholinesterase levels in anaesthesiologists and radiologists. AB - This study deals with the serum pseudocholinesterase levels of anaesthesiologists and radiologists as compared with those of the general population which has not been exposed to anaesthetic gas traces or radiation. No difference in serum pseudocholinesterase levels was found in any of the three groups studied when compared to each other. In conclusion, anaesthesiologists and radiologists in good physical condition may not present any increased risk of respiratory depression or prolonged apnoea after succinylcholine administration for muscle relaxation, in comparison with the general population which has not been exposed to either anaesthetic gases or radiation. PMID- 6621180 TI - Acute venous stasis and chronic venous insufficiency models in rats. PMID- 6621182 TI - Determination of polyamines in plasma by capillary gas chromatography and some applications. AB - An analytical method is presented making it possible to measure spermidine concentration in 0.2 ml plasma. After derivatization and extraction following an existing procedure, spermidine was measured by gas chromatography using nitrogen phosphorus detection. Mounting capillary columns decreased the limit of determination to 0.05 nanomole/ml for routine determination. Some applications of the method in animal model systems are shown. The method is also applicable to other polyamines. PMID- 6621181 TI - Effect of an homo-aza-steroidal ester on estrogen receptor. AB - A new modified steroid esterified with the cytotoxic moiety, p-[N,N-bis(2 chloroethyl)amino]phenyl-acetic acid, has been synthesized and tested for interaction with estrogen receptor and cytotoxic activity on the MCF-7 cell line. PMID- 6621183 TI - Salivary and serum concentrations, and protein binding of carbamazepine in young epileptic patients. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate whether in practice monitoring of carbamazepine (CBZ) concentrations in saliva rather than serum was advantageous in young intellectually retarded epileptic patients. To this end an EMIT assay was used to measure CBZ concentrations in corresponding serum, serum ultrafiltrate and whole saliva samples from 30 young institutionalised epileptics. Twenty-five of the group were receiving additional drug therapy. Relatively large variations in the serum free fraction (range 16-43%) were observed, suggesting that the monitoring of the free drug concentration rather than total serum concentration might be more appropriate. However, salivary CBZ concentrations correlated only slightly better (r = 0.791) with free concentrations than with total serum concentrations (r = 0.779). These results suggest that salivary CBZ concentrations as measured by EMIT in these patients is a somewhat unreliable indicator of free drug concentration. Due to problems with the handling and collecting of sufficient saliva, blood sampling was generally preferred by the medical staff. PMID- 6621184 TI - Radioimmunoassay of urinary cortisol: comparison of the procedures with and without previous cortisol extraction. AB - Although only less than 1% of the daily secreted cortisol is excreted unchanged into urine, the determination of urinary cortisol has proved to be a valuable parameter in evaluation of adrenocortical function. We compared the procedures of cortisol determination by radioimmunoassay after extraction and without extraction direct in crude urine. Direct determination needs less tracer and antibody and is less laborious. Intra- and interassay variance is 4.5%, 16.0% in the extraction method and 2.7%, 8.2% in the direct method, respectively. Comparison of both methods is acceptable (r = 0.92), recovery and dilution studies prove the direct method to be correct. Despite a lowered specificity, which gives higher results (factor 1.7) compared to the extraction method, the direct method is entirely sufficient for routine laboratory purposes. It can be achieved without additional equipment by laboratories, which determine total cortisol concentration in plasma. PMID- 6621185 TI - A simple method for dosage regimen adjustment. AB - To demonstrate the usefulness of a recently published nomogram method for clinical pharmacokinetics two examples for dosage regimen adjustment (gentamicin and digoxin) are given. Excellent agreement was obtained between the results derived from the nomogram and those by conventional calculation. The nomogram reduces the otherwise necessary use of logarithms and exponential functions to drawing of straight lines and the four basic mathematic functions. PMID- 6621186 TI - [Breast cancer screening by mammography in Sweden]. PMID- 6621187 TI - [Ethical aspects have been neglected. There are many unexpected gaps in knowledge]. PMID- 6621188 TI - [Consensus-decisions. Management of heart infarct]. PMID- 6621189 TI - [Fat embolism in a 10-year old boy with a femoral fracture]. PMID- 6621191 TI - [Hemodialysis of therapy-resistant patients with chronic schizophrenia]. PMID- 6621192 TI - [Chemical pneumonia after accidental intake of ignition fluid]. PMID- 6621190 TI - [Treatment of acute deep venous thrombosis]. PMID- 6621193 TI - [Chemical adrenalectomy--a new alternative in the treatment of advanced breast cancer]. PMID- 6621194 TI - [Background factors of defective contraception in abortion-seeking patients]. PMID- 6621195 TI - [Chromosome deviations in hematological diseases]. PMID- 6621196 TI - [Care and management of a group of children exposed to sexual abuse]. PMID- 6621197 TI - [Health care spending from the international viewpoint]. PMID- 6621198 TI - [Treatment of pressure- and leg sores with an impermeable dressing]. PMID- 6621199 TI - [Cytostatics in pediatric care]. PMID- 6621200 TI - [Health care and political consequences of the economical development within the Swedish health care system]. PMID- 6621201 TI - [Rupture of the uterus is a labor complication in developing countries]. PMID- 6621202 TI - [Neonatal tetanus--a study from a West African hospital]. PMID- 6621203 TI - [Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1 and other serum enzymes in suspected myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6621204 TI - [Primary gastrointestinal lymphoma--differential diagnosis of acute abdomen]. PMID- 6621205 TI - Perceptual structure of monophthongs and diphthongs in English. PMID- 6621206 TI - Vowel information in postvocalic fricative noises. PMID- 6621207 TI - [Pulmonary radiologic screening in industrial medicine (Roubaix 1978 to 1980)]. PMID- 6621208 TI - [Ulcerative inflammatory colitis presenting as an allergy to bovine proteins: apropos of a neonatal case]. PMID- 6621209 TI - [Conference on internal medicine organized by the Board of Residents of Lille Hospital. 25 February 1982. Eosinophil pathology (parasitosis excluded)]. PMID- 6621210 TI - [Stapedius reflex. 1. Stapedius reflex threshold and recruitment]. AB - The stapedius reflex threshold and pure tone threshold of 173 patients with normal hearing and cochlear disorders were examined (using Madsen ZO 73 equipment). CONCLUSIONS: 1. The aetiology of the cochlear hearing disorders does not influence the stapedial reflex threshold. 2. A linear regression between hearing loss and threshold difference was found in cochlear hearing disorders. 3. No correlation could be found between individual pure tone threshold and stapedial reflex threshold. PMID- 6621212 TI - [New stapedius reflex patterns]. AB - Basing on the stapedius reflex patterns, published by Jerger, the author reports about stapedius reflex patterns of patients who had recovered from facial palsy. The reflex patterns of these patients did not correspond to those which could be expected; they did not reflect the damaged and the undamaged branch of the acousticofacial reflex band, but showed patterns indicating a lesion of the brainstem. On the basis of these findings the question arises whether the lesion in Bell's palsy is really peripheral or central. PMID- 6621211 TI - [Stapedius reflex. 2. Latency periods of the stapedial reflex]. AB - The reflex thresholds and initial latency times of the stapedial reflex of 50 patients with normal hearing and cochlear hearing loss were examined using Madson ZO 73 equipment. The following results were obtained: 1. The initial latency times of the stapedius reflex diminish proportional to the supra-threshold loudness. 2. No significant difference of the latency times was found between 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz. 3. The initial latency times of patients with positive recruitment (cochlear hearing loss) do not differ from those of patients with normal hearing. PMID- 6621213 TI - [Value of neurectomy in cochleo-vestibular disorders]. AB - 39 patients who suffered from therapy-resistant cochlear-vestibular disturbance, underwent neurectomy procedures for the control of their disease; half a year after surgery a follow-up inquiry ascertained their present condition. 29 patients had a history of Meniere's disease; in 9 patients the patients' condition after stapedectomy, injury of the skull or vascular malformation in the internal auditory canal were the reason for surgery. In the first group the disabling attacks of vertigo had disappeared. The effects of symptoms such as tinnitus, pressure, hearing loss and an occasional unsteadiness were felt to be less severe. Strikingly divergent opinions were expressed on the results of surgery in the second group; on the whole, these patients did not feel as positively about their operation as those who had been suffering from Meniere's disease. PMID- 6621214 TI - [Results of transtemporal vestibular neurectomy in the treatment of Meniere's disease]. AB - From 1972 to 1979 transtemporal neurectomy of the vestibular nerve was performed on 42 patients suffering from therapy-resistant symptoms of meniere's disease. Regular postoperative follow-up for 3 to 10 years after neurectomy showed that all 42 patients had no further attacks of vertigo. Tinnitus was diminished or disappeared in 25 patients; postoperative audiologic controls revealed no changes in 20 patients (48%), and a hearing gain in 3 cases (7%). 19 patients (45%) present with a slowly progredient hearing loss in continuation of the preoperative development. The sensation of pressure in the ear was observed by 19 patients and improved in all of them immediately after the operation, but reappeared in 12 of them (29%) within 6 months postoperatively. PMID- 6621215 TI - [Cervical nystagmus caused by proprioceptors of the neck]. AB - A pathological nystagmus, occurring during turning of the trunk in relation to the head, which is held stationary in space, clearly points towards a cervical origin of vestibular vertigo. Such a cervical nystagmus may have a vascular origin by the compression of the arteriae vertebrales, or a proprioreceptive origin via the upper neck joints, or it may possibly be due to functional disturbances of the upper cervical spine. The dynamic characteristics of the so called cervico-ocular reflex can be examined only in patients with non functioning labyrinths, since in a healthy person the reflex is so strongly suppressed that it cannot be analyzed any more. In five patients with isolated bilateral complete vestibular deficiencies, we found a strong cervico-ocular reflex. Detailed examinations showed that nystagmus occurred during turning of the body in relation to the head ("phasic neck reflex"). On the other hand, when remaining in the extreme positions, the proprioreceptive nystagmus does not persist. Contrary to this, a cervical nystagmus due to vascular causes shows a latency period after torsion of the neck and increases if the head remains in the extreme position. Before assuming a cervical origin of a vestibular vertigo, an examination for cervical nystagmus should be carried out. Such a cervical nystagmus is the only definite pointer towards a relation between an upper cervical spine syndrome and vertigo, which is sometimes assumed rather uncritically. PMID- 6621217 TI - [The cause of vomiting in seasickness]. AB - The fact that humans and some mammals vomit when suffering from any kind of motion sickness is explained on a phylogenetic basis. The swim bladder of fish develops from the same embryological origin as the stomach. In a certain group of fish the swim bladder changes its pressure and volume by contraction during sudden upward and downward movements. As the swim bladder is in very close connection with the labyrinth in many fish, it seems absolutely possible that such contraction is caused by a labyrinthine reflex influencing the N, vagus. The contraction of the muscular wall of the stomach in humans--resulting in vomiting- is, therefore, a phylogenetic heritage. PMID- 6621216 TI - [Catamnestic studies on the prognosis of sudden deafness]. AB - The progression of the auditory system after the sudden deafness was investigated in 104 patients, one to eighteen years after the first appearance of their disease. The late development shows in 66% a stationary hearing and in 14% an improvement of the hearing. That means that beside a recurrence (7.7%) a slowly aggravation can be found in 12.3%. Stenocardic trouble and angiocardiopathies are peculiarly often reported by the patients. A reliable relation between sudden deafness and cerebral disturbed circulation could not be found. PMID- 6621219 TI - [The use of synthetic materials in rhinoplasty]. AB - The ideal implant does not yet exist. Generally, the use of plastic implants in rhino-surgery is of limited indication only. The use of plastic implants in septum surgery is contraindicated. Hard, rigid, insufficiently elastic and perforated implants should not be used in the nasal dorsum. The implantation of mesh material has proved a failure. Only in limited cases of a severely damaged and scarred nasal dorsum the implantation of plastic sponge is indicated. Experience teaches the critical surgeon that occasionally there are defects, which (also due to lack of suitable implant material) cannot be improved with a justifiable prospect of success. PMID- 6621218 TI - [Late results of corrective surgery of prominent auricles]. AB - In 87 persons who had to undergo plastic surgery of the auricle an evaluation was carried out of the motives for undergoing such surgery, on the one hand, and of the late results of the success of surgical intervention, on the other. The motives for undergoing surgery clearly suggest a significant psychological component, so that the intervention must most likely be regarded as a psycho prophylactic measure. As concerns the results, it is striking that the evaluation given by the patients has been better (subjective evaluation) than that given by the doctors (objective evaluation), the subjective evaluation sometimes differing from the objective one. PMID- 6621220 TI - [Variability of island flaps for closure of cervicofacial defects]. AB - The author reports on the possibilities offered by plastic surgery for the closure of cervicofacial defects using different island flaps. Indications, advantages and disadvantages are described. The great value of myocutaneous island flaps from the acromiopectoral region, based on the thoracoacromial vessels, is pointed out. PMID- 6621221 TI - Treatment of recurrent carcinoma at the base of the skull with carbon dioxide laser. AB - The extension of carcinoma to the cribriform plate is a poor prognostic finding. Two extremes of treatment approach have been advocated. On the one hand, patients may be abandoned to palliative chemotherapy. On the other hand, heroic and aggressive resections may be advocated including combined neurosurgical transdural and otolaryngologic facial-orbital resection. Armed with the surgical microscope and the CO2 laser there may be a place for a middle ground of therapy. We present our experience with recurrent tumor after full course radiation therapy and maxilloethmoidectomy. The biopsy proven recurrences were found at the cribriform plate but could not be shown to have crossed into the anterior cranial fossa by polytomography or high resolution CT scanning. The CO2 surgical laser delivered through the surgical microscope was used with repeated applications. Recurrent epidermoid carcinoma found to be confined to the nasal side of the cribriform plate can be controlled by careful microscopic stripping of soft tissue from the cribriform plate with a surgical laser. PMID- 6621222 TI - Blastomycosis of the larynx. AB - Blastomycosis is a chronic fungal disease with a constellation of signs and symptoms and a variable course. It primarily affects the lower respiratory tract, although extrapulmonary manifestations are common. We describe 6 patients with blastomycosis of the larynx who represent 5.6% of 107 patients with blastomycosis seen at the Mayo Clinic from 1950 through 1981. When involvement of the larynx occurs, both gross and histopathologic findings of the lesion usually resemble the features of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and often lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate, overly aggressive, surgical or radiation therapy. So that this unnecessarily aggressive treatment of the diseased larynx can be avoided, we discuss the clinical features, histopathologic findings, diagnosis, and current forms of treatment of blastomycosis. PMID- 6621223 TI - Cervicofacial mycobacterial infections presenting as major salivary gland disease. AB - Mycobacterium tuberculosis and atypical mycobacterium are well-known causes of cervical lymphadenopathy, most often presenting without symptoms of systemic infection. These organisms may also directly involve the parenchyma of the major salivary glands and their periglandular or intraglandular nodes. The diagnosis of mycobacterial infections of the major salivary glands, compared to cervical lymph nodes, is equally--if not more--difficult to make. The differential must include the same spectrum of inflammatory and neoplastic diseases as well as lesions unique to the salivary glands. Selected cases are presented and discussed to show that principles established for the treatment of cervical mycobacterial infections must also be applied to major salivary gland infections. In particular, cutaneous fistulas may result from incisional biopsy or incision and drainage of the involved gland. Partial parotidectomy or submaxillary gland excision may be required, followed by multidrug, antituberculous chemotherapy for one to two years. Culturing of the organisms is extremely difficult, and the diagnosis of either mycobacterium tuberculosis or atypical mycobacterial infection must be based on a combination of history and clinical examination, skin testing, histopathology, acid-fast stains, culture, and response to surgery and antituberculous chemotherapy. PMID- 6621225 TI - Sarcoidosis of the nose and paranasal sinuses. AB - Sarcoidosis is a chronic systemic disease of unknown etiology characterized by non-caseating granulomatous inflammation of various organs. The records of 2319 patients with the diagnosis of sarcoidosis were reviewed to determine the incidence of nasal involvement. Seventeen patients or approximately 1% of the patients with sarcoidosis had histologically proven nasal mucosa involvement. These patients had symptoms of nasal crusting, congestion, epistaxis, pain, or anosmia. The clinical findings in these patients included friable nasal mucosa, nasal polyps, or a characteristic submucosal nodularity. Most patients also had abnormal sinus roentgenograms with either thickening of the sinus mucosa or opacification of the sinuses. Biopsy of the nasal mucosa shows typical non caseating granulomas, but care must be exercised to exclude other causes of granulomatous inflammation of the nasal mucosa including tuberculosis, fungal infections, and other idiopathic granulomatous diseases such as Wegener's granulomatosis and Churg-Strauss syndrome. The treatment of nasal sarcoidosis has consisted of systemic steroids and in some cases topical beclomethasone dipropionate. PMID- 6621224 TI - Diagnosis of malignant lymphomas of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx. AB - The diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and nasopharynx was made in 15 patients over a 7 year period (nasopharynx, 9; nasal cavity, 3; maxillary sinus, 2; frontal sinus, 1). A wide variety of head and neck symptoms, often characteristic of benign disease, was reported ranging from 2 weeks to 4 months prior to presentation. Of the 15 cases, the original diagnosis was inconclusive in 6; 4 of the 6 required rebiopsy, while the diagnosis in the other 2 was confirmed on further pathologic consultation. Tissue marker studies, which have recently become available, were performed in 7 cases and were crucial in the diagnosis of 2. B-cell lymphoma was diagnosed in the 7 patients who had tissue marker studies. Five patients had palpable cervical nodes, and none had distant adenopathy or masses. With further staging, 4 of the 15 patients were found to have disseminated disease. The paper emphasizes the need for early biopsy of suspicious lesions presenting in areas in which physical examination is limited. Recommendations are made for handling the biopsy specimen when malignant lymphoma is suspected, as well as for the evaluation of local and distant sites. The role of surgery is primarily diagnostic in patients with malignant lymphoma. PMID- 6621226 TI - CO2 laser in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery: a retrospective analysis of complications. AB - A retrospective review was conducted of all patients undergoing CO2 laser surgery by members of the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery at Northwestern University Medical School from January 1, 1980 through December 31, 1981; 204 cases were identified and all are included in this report. Early in our department's experience with laser surgery, an endotracheal tube fire occurred. This incident precipitated a departmental review of complications associated with the use of the CO2 laser and resulted in the formulation of a laser safety protocol. All patients in this group were treated under the directives of this protocol; the operative complication rate was low. This retrospective analysis of complications associated with the use of the CO2 laser under a strictly applied protocol demonstrates the relative safety associated with judicious use of this instrument. PMID- 6621227 TI - Carotid sinus hypersensitivity: a cause of syncope in patients with tumors of the head and neck. AB - Carotid sinus hypersensitivity secondary to the presence of an underlying head and neck cancer has only recently been discussed in the literature. We present seven cases of carotid sinus hypersensitivity, each with paroxysmal bradycardia and hypotension associated both with and without palpation of the carotid bifucation. A discussion of the anatomy and the etiology of the hypersensitivity is given. Currently available therapeutic modalities are discussed in regard to their efficacy in this study. Carotid sinus hypersensitivity secondary to tumor in the neck is most often vasodilatory in nature and hence does not respond well to transvenous pacemaker. The best treatment for severe hypersensitivity appears to be periarteriectomy or intracranial nerve root section. Radiation therapy is occasionally beneficial. PMID- 6621228 TI - Current management of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. AB - Forty-two patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea presenting over a 5 year period were analyzed as to age, sex, etiology, anatomical and clinical findings, and methods of investigation and treatment. Eighty-eight were traumatic in origin, with the most common anatomical sites being ethmoid, frontal and sphenoid sinuses, and the cribriform plate region. Meningitis and pneumocephalus were the most frequently associated clinical findings each present in 31% of the cases. Chemical analysis of the CSF for protein was positive in 88% of cases vs. 13% when the protein content was quantitatively analyzed. The demonstration and localization of CSF leaks were most effective using metrizamide and CAT scanning when they were active and by indium cisternography when they were small, intermittent, or questionable. The clinical management was divided into medical and surgical approaches with the advantages and disadvantages discussed. PMID- 6621231 TI - Posterior commissure stenosis post long-term intubation. AB - A prospective study of 200 patients having long-term endotracheal intubation has been completed. This study has defined the events in stenosis evolution for the two varieties of scarring in the posterior commissure of the larynx. An overall stenosis incidence of 6% for this long-term intubated patient population has been found. In the majority of patients the posterior commissure stenosis is a component of more complex injury. The importance of tube tissue interfacing in the posterior commissure and the role of ongoing movement of both a shearing and blunt nature is of increasing significance as intubation time lengthens. Changing the character of this interface by the addition of a small posterior air cushion on the endotracheal tube can minimize ongoing trauma in the posterior endolarynx. PMID- 6621229 TI - Tumor involvement of the facial nerve. AB - Tumors involving the facial nerve are rare and challenging in both diagnosis and treatment. In this paper we report 18 cases of benign and malignant neoplasms involving the temporal portion of the facial nerve. The selection of those patients with facial paralysis who require detailed evaluation is discussed. Often, despite thorough evaluation of these patients, a preoperative diagnosis is unavailable or erroneous. An occasional patient may require surgical exposure of the nerve from the middle cranial fossa to the parotid gland. PMID- 6621230 TI - Experimental use of fibrin tissue adhesive in middle ear surgery. AB - The biocompatibility of a new tissue adhesive was tested. Its major advantages are adhesions, hemostasis, and the promotion of wound healing. In experimental surgery on 43 middle ears of chinchillas, documented by histological evidence obtained 45 days after operation, the validity of the following two hypotheses was established. That fibrin tissue adhesive placed upon the footplate of the stapes is biologically compatible, biodegradable and does not cause toxic, inflammatory or foreign body reactions, or other tissue damage to middle ear structures. That a small piece of bone glued on the long process of the incus with fibrin tissue adhesive shows permanent tissue union. In addition, in cases where the inner ear was accidentally opened by surgically subluxating the stapes and adhesive was free to enter the vestibule, evidence was obtained that there was no damage to inner ear structures. This finding deserves further investigation. PMID- 6621232 TI - Diagnosis and management of the opacified sphenoid sinus. AB - The growing number of surgical procedures at the base of the skull makes a clear understanding of sphenoid disease and its anatomic relationships important for the modern otolaryngologist. We present five cases demonstrating the spectrum of sphenoid sinus disease, its systemic as well as local complications, and its surgical management. Pertinent anatomic and embryologic relations are reviewed and their diagnostic evaluation is discussed. Pitfalls in the diagnosis and management of these diseases are reviewed noting possible complications and significant danger points. The necessity for cooperation among the otolaryngologist, neurosurgeon, and ophthalmologist in the management of these entities is also demonstrated. PMID- 6621233 TI - Carcinoma of the mobile tongue: incidence of cervical metastases in early lesions related to method of primary treatment. AB - One hundred thirty-eight patients receiving initial treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of the mobile tongue from 1960 to 1978 were reviewed to determine the frequency of cervical metastasis in early carcinoma (T1N0 and T2N0). Occult cervical node metastasis in an elective neck dissection or subsequent neck recurrence in an initially negative neck was found in 14.5% (9/62) of patients staged T1N0 and 30.6% (11/36) of patients staged T2N0. Refinement of the staging system demonstrated that 9.7% (3/31) of patients with a primary lesion less than or equal to 1.0 cm and a clinically negative neck (T1aN0) subsequently developed a cervical metastasis. Patients with primary lesions greater than 1.0 cm but less than or equal to 2.0 cm (T1bN0) had twice the risk of occult cervical metastasis (19.4% or 6/31). The crude 5-year survivals in Stage I for radium alone, partial glossectomy, and partial glossectomy with neck dissection were 64%, 58% and 75% respectively and in Stage II were 31%, 66% and 71% respectively. Local-regional failure is the principal mechanism of failure in patients treated locally particularly in Stage II. PMID- 6621234 TI - Postoperative radiotherapy for persistent tumor at the surgical margin in head and neck cancers. AB - Seventy-two patients with a carcinoma of the head and neck, who were treated with surgery and postoperative irradiation, were reviewed to determine the local recurrence rates and survival in patients with inadequate surgical margins. Tumor recurrence rate was 31% for patients with microscopic tumors at resection margins and 50% for those with macroscopic tumor. Actuarial 3-year survival for these patients was 71% and 43%, respectively. All 4 patients who were irradiated later than 6 weeks after surgery developed recurrent malignancy despite the resection margins being free of tumor. Excluding these patients the 3-year survival for R0 patients was similar to that of R1 patients. It is concluded that postoperative irradiation is effective in patients with tumor at the surgical margins. It is suggested that the time interval between surgery and radiation therapy be limited to less than 6 weeks. Radiation dose prescriptions for various clinical situations are discussed. PMID- 6621235 TI - Cochlear aqueduct radiographic anatomy in temporal bone preparations and in sudden hearing loss. AB - Sudden sensorineural hearing loss appears to have many possible etiologic factors. Shea has presented work indicating that a large cochlear aqueduct (CA) is frequently present on the side of an idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISHL). However, Valvassori, on performing temporal bone tomographic studies on several hundred patients complaining of ISHL, has not found enlargement of the CA in a statistically significant number of these cases. In an attempt to resolve this discrepancy, a single blind study was performed utilizing temporal bone polytomography to evaluate the presence or absence of the CA in 22 adult patients. One-half of these patients had a history of ISHL, while the remaining patients had other complaints as an indication for tomography. In all cases, the CA was identified. The CA was felt to be enlarged in 1 patient suffering from ISHL, in the nonaffected ear of 1 patient with unilateral ISHL, and in 2 control patients. There was, therefore, no positive correlation between CA enlargement and the occurrence of ISHL. In order to further elucidate the radiologic anatomy of the CA, 9 pairs of adult temporal bones removed at autopsy were studied by polytomography after cannulation and injection of radiopaque material. Measurements of the dimensions of the CA and its radiographic anatomy are discussed and compared to measurements obtained from histopathologic evaluation of the temporal bone. PMID- 6621236 TI - Retreatment of recurrent carcinoma of the head and neck by afterloading interstitial 192Ir implant. AB - From January 1975 to December 1980, 25 patients with persistent or recurrent carcinomas of the head and neck were retreated for palliation at the Division of Radiation Oncology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology. These patients had all undergone extensive previous treatment by surgery and/or radiation. All were retreated with 192Ir interstitial implant with or without external radiation and/or surgical excision. Of 25 patients, 13 had complete response (CR) and 6 had partial response for a follow-up period of 1 to 7 years. Of 13 patients with CR, 6 are alive with no evidence of disease (NED) and two died NED. We present detailed results and discuss our new strategy for such patients. PMID- 6621237 TI - A laryngeal stent for repair of laryngeal fractures. PMID- 6621238 TI - A longer muscle pedicle for pectoralis myocutaneous flap. PMID- 6621240 TI - Diagnostic procedures in the evaluation of hepatic diseases. PMID- 6621241 TI - [Segmental pancreatitis]. AB - Segmental pancreatitis is an intermediate type of pancreatitis showing certain traits typical in acute and other traits typical in chronic pancreatitis. Alteration of pancreatic ducts, which can be demonstrated by endoscopic retrograde pancreatography is typical for chronic pancreatitis, even calcifying pancreatitis, whereas on the other hand pancreatic function is normal. Segmental pancreatitis is localized mostly in the tail of the pancreas, however circumscript pathological changes may be found as well in the body, the head or the uncinate process of the pancreas. Divisum pancreatitis is a special form of segmental pancreatitis, where both parts of the pancreas may be affected. PMID- 6621242 TI - [Experimental studies of adipose tissue necrosis in acute tryptic pancreatitis]. AB - Necrosis of adipose tissue in acute pancreatitis is characterized by hydrolysis of triglycerides yielding glycerin and fatty acids, part of which are converted to alcali salts. Earlier studies in fatty necrosis of pancreatic tissue had delt mainly with calcium. In our study on acute pancreatitis in Wistar rats it could be shown, that especially during the initial phase by far; after 48 hours however calciums salts prevail. This finding can be explained, if one assumes, that the easily soluble alcali salts are converted to the almost insoluble calcium salt within a certain time in the tissue. PMID- 6621239 TI - Preservation of the lenticular process of the incus in surgery for chronic ear disease. PMID- 6621243 TI - [Differential diagnostic and prognostic value of methemalbumin determination in acute pancreatitis]. AB - Methemalbumin (MHA) levels of serum or ascites were measured in a prospective study involving 40 patients with acute abdominal symptomatology suspected to have acute pancreatitis. MHA was demonstrated in 15 out of 18 cases, in whom a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis was established later on firm grounds. MHA was positive in all cases with necrotizing pancreatitis, in all cases with a severe course of the disease involving circulatory insufficiency, and, with values significantly higher, in all cases with renal or pulmonary complications. There was no correlation between pathologically increased serum levels of enzyme activity and MHA. In one patient with chronic pancreatitis MHA could be demonstrated in serum, in another one in ascites. In extrapancreatic abdominal disease MHA was falsely positive in 4 out of 15 cases; in no one of these cases were serum enzyme activities elevated. Measurement of MHA can be used in conjunction with measurement of serum enzyme activity as an additional diagnostic and prognostic parameter in acute pancreatitis. PMID- 6621244 TI - [Use of Dukes' classification in rectal cancer]. AB - An account is given of the historical development of various modifications of the Dukes classification. These modifications are rather different from the original classification. In some modifications the muscularis propria is falsely identified as muscularis mucosae. Therefore the term "modified Dukes classification" should be omitted, and should be replaced by a classification bearing the name of the respective author. PMID- 6621245 TI - [Transanal endoscopic surgery of the rectum - testing a new method in animal experiments]. AB - Surgery of the lower third of the rectum can be done without difficulty through the anus using an endoscopical approach. Polyps or tumors located in the upper two thirds of the rectum can be removed using the Mason or Kraske procedure, or by the transabdominal approach. A new endoscopic technique has been developed with the aim, to allow surgery in the whole rectum through the anus. The rectum is being dilated by mechanical means and air insufflation. An oblique angle stereoscopic endoscope as well as modified surgical instruments are used. In animals 47 excisions of mucosa were done, and the incisions were closed by continuous suture. Application of this technique in a clinical setting is planned. PMID- 6621246 TI - Death in ventricular fibrillation induced by isoproterenol in DOCA-salt pretreated rats preceded by changes in myocardial electrolytes. AB - Serum and tissue content of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium was determined in controls and desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt treated rats to determine whether electrolyte changes preceded the development of isoproterenol-induced death in ventricular fibrillation. Control Sprague Dawley, male rats, were injected subcutaneously (s.c.) with either saline (Group A) or actinomycin D (0.1 mg/kg; Group B) once daily for 4 days. Other rats received 20 mg of DOCA by implantation, drank normal saline and were injected with either saline (Group C) or actinomycin D (Group D) once daily for 4 days. In the first part of the experiment, it was determined that none of 15 rats from Group C died when challenged with isoproterenol (150 micrograms/kg, s.c.) six days later: however, 13 out of 15 rats from Group D died within 29.1 +/- 15.0 minutes (mean +/- S.D.) from isoproterenol injection. Myocardial sodium was elevated (48.8 +/- 3.8 versus 36.3 +/- 1.9) and potassium decreased (60.4 +/- 3.4 versus 70.6 +/- 3.3, meq/kg wet weight, mean +/- S.D.) in rats that had succumbed to isoproterenol. In the second part of the experiment serum and tissues were removed from control and DOCA-saline pretreated rats before they died in ventricular fibrillation, 20 minutes after isoproterenol. DOCA-saline pretreated rats were hypernatremic and hypokalemic and exhibited higher sodium and lower potassium in skeletal muscle than control rats. Isoproterenol elicited hypokalemia in all rats, but it only elevated sodium and decreased potassium content in the myocardium of rats of Group D, that were more prone to die in ventricular fibrillation. It is concluded that myocardial electrolyte changes precede the onset of ventricular fibrillation and may be associated with the development of this dysrhythmia. PMID- 6621247 TI - Extended exposure to continuous low intensity light abolishes the photosensitivity of retinal dopamine neurons. AB - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups. One group (experimental) was housed for 6 months in continuous low intensity light while the other (control) was exposed to standard 14 hr light: 10 hr dark cyclic lighting conditions for the entire time. For both the control and experimental groups the light intensity was 350-700 Lux. After 6 months, the experimental rats were returned to cyclic lighting. At one week and again at 2 months the light aversion behavior of all rats was tested in a light/dark test box. The experimental rats chose the dark side of the box only 58% of the time while control animals preferred the dark 79% of the time. Since rats normally are nocturnal and avoid light, these results suggest that the experimental rats may have permanently lost a functionally significant portion of the ability to detect light. After the second behavioral test all rats were dark adapted and 15 hr later the effect of short term (30 or 60 min) exposure to light on DA turnover in one retina from each rat was assessed. The other retina from each rat was fixed and examined histologically. Light significantly enhanced the alpha methyl-p-tyrosine induced decline of DA in the retinas of the control rats but exerted no similar effect in the experimental animals. The retinal DA contents of the experimental rats were substantially depleted. Histological examination suggested that the outer nuclear layers of the experimental retinas were more severely damaged than those from rats exposed to continuous light for 4 months but still contained a few pycnotic photoreceptor nuclei and nearly normal looking inner neural layers. These results indicate that extended exposure to light eventually abolishes light aversion behavior and at this time there is also a loss of the photosensitivity of the dopaminergic amacrine neurons. PMID- 6621248 TI - Formation of pentachlorothioanisole from N-acetyl-S-(pentachlorophenyl) cysteine in blood and liver of rats "in vivo". AB - Studies on the biotransformation of N-acetyl-S-(pentachlorophenyl) cysteine, a mutual polar metabolite of the lipophilic fungicides pentachloronitrobenzene and hexachlorobenzene, showed metabolic conversions in rats. The rate of its metabolism, leading in return to more lipophilic and toxic products (1) was investigated by determination of pentachlorothioanisole, its major metabolite in blood and liver of rats. The metabolic rate was found to be very small. PMID- 6621249 TI - Prolactin as a promoter of initial progression of spontaneous mammary tumors in mice and lack of relationship to age. AB - In a high mammary tumor strain of SHN virgin mice, the percent increase in the number of palpable mammary tumors during 3 weeks after the 1st tumor appearance was significantly retarded by ovariectomy and this retardation was prevented by pituitary grafting associated with the decrease and the increase in the circulating prolactin levels, respectively. A low mammary tumor strain of SLN virgin mice grafted with a single pituitary each at 2 and 5 months of ages developed mammary tumors 4 and 2 months after grafting (6 and 7 months of ages), respectively. However, there was no difference between groups in mammary tumor incidence at any month after mice in each group developed tumors first. Mammary tumor incidences of both groups were significantly higher than that of the untreated control at all ages examined. These findings have demonstrated that prolactin plays a key role in the initial progression of spontaneous mammary tumors of mice besides its prerequisite role in tumor development. They also suggest that there is no intrinsically age-related difference in prolactin effect on mammary tumorigenesis. PMID- 6621250 TI - Heat inhibition of in vitro lipolysis and 14C ibuprofen protein binding in plasma from heparinized uraemic subjects. AB - Protein binding determination in post heparin plasma samples is complicated by the continued post heparin lipase activity, in vitro, during the binding analysis. The decomposition of lipoproteins and accumulation of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) results in artifically elevated free fractions of many drugs. This artefact is particularly accentuated in haemodialysis patients who are frequently hypertriglyceridaemic and receive large doses of heparin. Rapid heat treatment (60 degrees for 15 min) of plasma from heparinized uraemic subjects is shown to inhibit the in vitro lipolysis occurring during 2 hours of equilibrium dialysis at 37 degrees (ED). Mean NEFA concentrations in heat treated plasma after ED (means = 400 +/- 141 mumol/L) were not different (p greater than 0.05, n = 9) from the baseline values in fresh plasma (means 351 +/- 117 mumol/L) but were considerably less (p less than 0.005) than NEFA levels in untreated plasma after ED (means = 1025 +/- 523 mumol/L). The degree of in vitro lipolysis inhibition (92 +/- 6.6%) was very much greater than using the chemical inhibitors phenyl methyl sulphonyl fluoride, EDTA, Triton X100 or protamine sulphate. Heat treatment at 60 degrees for 15 min increased the percentage of free 14C ibuprofen in 3.5% isolated human serum albumin from 0.34% to 0.62%. Reduced binding as a result of heat treatment was not observed however in whole plasma. The percentage free ibuprofen in heat treated, whole plasma from both heparinized and non heparinized subjects (means = 1.22 +/- 0.19; n = 29) was not different (p greater than 0.05) from the percentage free determined in plasma from a non heparinized group (means = 1.16 +/- 0.23; n = 15). In contrast the % free ibuprofen in untreated plasma from heparinized subjects was markedly higher (means = 1.56 +/- 0.41; n = 24; p less than 0.05). There was a strong correlation between % free ibuprofen and plasma NEFA concentration (r = 0.8; p less than 0.005; n = 68). The heat treatment of plasma for 15 min at 60 degrees is proposed as an effective means of controlling heparin induced lipolysis in vitro and may be valuable in overcoming the post heparin binding artefact. PMID- 6621251 TI - Dissociation between increased growth hormone and prolactin secretion during the morning hours of early pregnancy in the rat. AB - We investigated whether serum growth hormone (GH) concentration changes in association with the rise in serum prolactin (PRL) concentration known to occur during the early morning hours in the pregnant rat. Animals were kept in a room with the lights on from 0500 to 1900 hours (hr) daily and decapitated for the collection of trunk blood at 2200 or 2400 hr on Day 6 of pregnancy or at 0200, 0400, 0800 or 1000 hr on Day 7 of pregnancy. Serum GH concentration rose more than 4-fold from low levels at 2200 and 2400 hr to higher levels at 0400 and 0800 hr and then declined by 1000 hr. Serum prolactin (PRL) concentration followed a similar pattern except that it returned to low levels earlier, by 0800 hr. Serum luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations showed no significant changes. Serum GH levels at 0800 hr in pregnant rats were higher than those observed in cyclic rats (13 time periods sampled). The results demonstrate that serum GH concentration is elevated during a circumscribed period in the 6- to 7-day pregnant rat. The time of onset of the rise is similar to that for serum PRL but the elevation in GH levels persists longer than that for PRL. PMID- 6621252 TI - Glucocorticoid receptor in chick erythrocytes. AB - Glucocorticoid receptor in chick erythrocytes has been characterized. The Scatchard plot analysis of (3H)-dexamethasone binding to red cells showed a single class of binding sites. The apparent Kd of (3H)-dexamethasone binding by whole cell assay was 0.33 nM and the maximum binding capacity was 5.1 fmole/10(7) cells. The apparent Kd of (3H)-dexamethasone binding to cytosol receptor was 0.48 nM. Steroid binding specificity was similar to that reported for leukocytes. PMID- 6621253 TI - Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors contributing to the convulsant action of beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid esters. AB - Both the methyl ester of beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid and the 6,7-dimethoxy-4 ethyl derivative of this compound are potent convulsants in rodents, while the ethyl ester of beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid does not cause convulsions, even when administered at very high doses. The rate of degradation of these compounds by rat plasma (in vitro) parallels their potencies as convulsants. In contrast, 3 carboethoxy-beta-carboline was found to potently elicit tonic and clonic convulsions in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). Furthermore, the rate of degradation of 3-carboethoxy-beta-carboline in monkey plasma (in vitro) is negligible compared with rats. No significant differences were observed in either the potency or efficacy of GABA to inhibit [3H]beta-carboethoxy-beta-carboline binding in rat and monkey brain. These data strongly suggest that pharmacokinetic, as well as pharmacodynamic, factors may determine the pharmacologic profile of these beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid esters. PMID- 6621254 TI - The effect of ascorbic acid on plasma sulfate conjugated catecholamines after eating bananas. AB - The effects of eating bananas, a rich source of biogenic amines, on the plasma concentration of free and sulfate conjugated norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA), and free epinephrine (E), were examined in normal male subjects before and after treatment with ascorbic acid, 2 g daily for 7 days. There were no significant changes in the levels of free NE or E in any subjects after eating a banana, either before or after ascorbic acid. Plasma free DA became detectable in some subjects, but the overall changes were not significant. Sulfate conjugated DA and NE increased markedly after banana ingestion, as previously demonstrated in our laboratory. After ascorbic acid treatment the rise in sulfate conjugated NE was attenuated, presumably because ascorbic acid acts as a competitive inhibitor of sulfate conjugation. In contrast, the rise in conjugated DA was potentiated after ascorbic acid treatment. This may be indicative of the higher affinity of DA for phenolsulfotransferase, an inhibitory effect of ascorbic acid on dopamine-receptor coupling or of ascorbic acid protecting DA from oxidation in the gut. PMID- 6621255 TI - Antibodies to spiroperidol and their anti-idiotypes as probes for studying dopamine receptors. AB - Spiroperidol was covalently conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA). Conjugated spiroperidol was almost as efficient as free spiroperidol in its binding capacity to dopamine receptor. Antibodies to spiroperidol were produced in rabbits following repeated immunizations with the conjugate of spiroperidol and BSA. The obtained antibodies have an apparent KD of 0.02 nM for [3H]-spiroperidol. These antibodies bind also to other butyrophenones with IC50 values three to four orders of magnitude higher than the IC50 obtained with unlabeled spiroperidol. Antibodies were purified from anti-spiroperidol sera by affinity chromatography. Anti-idiotypic antibodies were raised in rabbits by immunization with the purified anti-spiroperidol antibodies. Some rabbits produced anti-idiotypic antibodies which bind to rat and calf striatum. PMID- 6621257 TI - Systematic management and analysis of fatty acid data from multiple tissue samples. AB - A systematic approach has been developed for the collection and analysis of gas chromatographic (GC) data from multiple fatty acid profiles. The approach was applied to a series of polar and nonpolar tissue lipids generated in animal feeding studies to allow a comparison of mean fatty acid profiles as a function of either dietary regimen or tissue location. The magnitude of the studies, sufficiently large to minimize error from animal variabilities, mandated the use of computer assistance. Nevertheless, manual input was essential due to the complexity of the GC patterns, and was invoked for peak assignment and report editing. The approach discussed here allowed for the consolidation and statistical analysis of data from over 30,000 GC peaks, and generated results in both tabular and graphic formats. It should be extendable to other chromatographic studies of lipid components. PMID- 6621256 TI - Systematic protocol for the accumulation of fatty acid data from multiple tissue samples: tissue handling, lipid extraction and class separation, and capillary gas chromatographic analysis. AB - A systematic procedure was developed for detailed fatty acid profiling of both neutral and polar lipid fractions isolated from hundreds of related bovine muscle and adipose tissue samples. A regimen was established for a nonbiased handling of tissue samples, which included their handling in a predetermined random order. Lipid class separation was accomplished concomitantly during the extraction of the tissues by a selective dry column method, which allowed a detailed analysis of minor but important polyunsaturated fatty acids associated with the polar fraction. Neutral lipids were derivatized to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) by a literature procedure. However, to protect against lysis of plasmalogens in the polar fraction, a modified nonacidic esterification procedure was developed. FAME profiles were obtained on a programmable high resolution capillary gas chromatograph (GC). Run programs for unattended GC operation and data storage are described. By this overall procedure, the quantitation and peak identification were obtained for major and minor fatty acid constituents from bovine tissue in a manner that prepares for valid statistical interpretation of the resulting data. PMID- 6621259 TI - Lipid and fatty acid composition of the endogenous energy sources of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) eggs. AB - The unique physiological flexibility of the early life stages of striped bass is attributed to the calorie-rich endogenous energy sources of the striped bass egg. Eggs of different aged striped bass from geographically separate populations were examined for lipid and fatty acid compositions and were found to be basically similar. Yolk components of the eggs contained significantly less total lipid than oil globules, were more diverse in lipid class composition and consisted mostly of polar lipids. Oil globules were entirely lipid material consisting predominantly of steryl/was esters. Fatty acid compositions of yolk and oil globules differed according to their respective lipid compositions. The functional significance of these lipids is discussed in relation to the ecological context of the early life stages. PMID- 6621258 TI - Role of membrane lipids in the immunological killing of tumor cells: II. Effector cell lipids. AB - Peritoneal macrophages (M phi) from mice become cytotoxic after incubation in lymphokine (LK)-rich supernatants of antigen-stimulated spleen cell cultures. Tumoricidal activity is evident with M phi treated with LK for 4 hr, becomes maximal after 8-12 hr incubation and decreases to control levels by 24-36 hr. To gain insight into LK-induced functional changes, the lipid composition of M phi cultured with LK for 0-36 hr was analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography. LK induced marked changes in M phi lipid composition: cellular content of cholesterol (CHOL) and polyunsaturated fatty acids increased 2- to 3-fold after 8 hr when the cells showed maximal tumoricidal activity. Cellular lipid and fatty acid content returned to control levels by 24 hr when the M phi had lost tumoricidal activity. These changes were not observed with equal numbers of M phi cultured in control supernatants. To analyze further the role of CHOL and unsaturated fatty acids in M phi tumor cytotoxicity, M phi were enriched in CHOL or linolenic acid (18:3) and tested for their ability to kill 1023 tumor cells. Within 1 hr of culture, M phi showed a 3- to 4-fold increase in CHOL or 18:3 content. 18:3-enriched cells were markedly tumoricidal, whereas controls cultured in delipidized medium alone or enriched with saturated fatty acids were cytotoxic. CHOL-enriched M phi were not tumoricidal; indeed, these cells were inhibited in their killing after treatment with LK compared to M phi cultured in delipidized medium with LK alone. These results suggest that UFA aids, whereas CHOL negates, expression of M phi tumor cytotoxicity. PMID- 6621260 TI - Sterol synthesis from biliary squalene in the jejunal mucosa of the rat in vivo. AB - Because bile contains substantial amounts of cholesterol precursors, e.g., squalene and different methyl sterols, the fate of biliary squalene was studied by incubating isolated jejunal loops of the rat in vivo with bile containing 3H squalene and 14C-cholesterol. After 90 min, no radioactivity was found in plasma lipids. Closer analysis of gut epithelium revealed that both labeled compounds were preferentially taken up by the villous cells. Biliary 3H-squalene was absorbed almost completely and was further cyclized to free and esterified methyl sterols and cholesterol. Whereas squalene not cyclized to sterols stayed in the mucosa, the newly synthesized sterols were transferred to lumen. The lipid patterns of gut lumen and mucosal cells were quite different, suggesting that the transfer of the newly synthesized lipid to intestinal lumen was not due to the desquamation of epithelial cells alone. The results suggest that biliary cholesterol precursors can contribute to the cholesterol production of the jejunal villous cells bypassing the rate-limiting step of the cholesterol synthesis pathway, and to the "nonexchanging" fecal neutral sterols of the rat. PMID- 6621261 TI - Human low density lipoprotein structure: correlations with serum lipoprotein concentrations. AB - Human low density lipoproteins (LDL) were isolated and purified from individuals having widely differing serum lipid concentrations. Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) were also isolated and quantitated. HDL2 and HDL3 were separated by flotation velocity in the analytical ultracentrifuge and their relative weight percent determined. The mean density of LDL from 41 individuals was determined by flotation velocity at two different solvent densities. The mean density of LDL was directly proportional to the triglyceride (r = 0.65) and VLDL (r = 0.50) concentrations and inversely proportional to the HDL (r = -0.55) and HDL2 (r = -0.74) concentrations (all significant at P less than 0.001). The mean molecular weight of LDL from 42 individuals was determined by flotation equilibrium centrifugation. The mean molecular weight of LDL was directly proportional to the HDL (r = 0.49) and HDL2 (r = 0.48) concentrations and inversely proportional to the serum triglyceride (r = -0.60) and VLDL (r = -0.48) concentrations (all significant at P less than 0.005 except triglyceride--P less than 0.001). The molecular weight of LDL was inversely proportional to its density, and thus inversely proportional to its protein/lipid ratio which was confirmed by composition measurements. The density and molecular weight of LDL had no relationship to the concentration of LDL (r = 0.04 and 0.03). PMID- 6621262 TI - Acute viral hepatitis with bridging necrosis. Collaborative study on chronic hepatitis. AB - Bridging necrosis was recorded in 14% of 361 patients with acute viral hepatitis on examination of the liver biopsy. The clinical and biochemical features of acute viral hepatitis with bridging necrosis were compared with acute viral hepatitis with no bridging necrosis (NBN). It was noted that fever of more than 8 days' duration in the preicteric phase, the presence of mild ascites and pedal edema during the icteric phase, increasing or persistently high levels of serum bilirubin even 4 weeks after the onset of the icteric phase and positive hepatitis-B surface antigen were significantly more common in acute viral hepatitis with bridging necrosis. Hepatitis-B surface antigen clearance was slow in this group. The long-term complication of chronic hepatitis was more frequent in patients with acute viral hepatitis with bridging necrosis. PMID- 6621263 TI - The free portal pressure in awake patients with and without cirrhosis of the liver. AB - The free portal pressure was measured by percutaneous transhepatic catheterization of the portal vein in 106 patients with cirrhosis of the liver and in 19 patients without liver disease and with normal portography. Patients with cirrhosis had a median portal pressure of 38 cmH2O and patients without liver disease had a median portal pressure of 16 cmH2O. Among the cirrhotic patients the free portal pressure showed no relationship to etiology of cirrhosis, ascites, variceal bleedings or extrahepatic shunting. The median portal pressure was significantly higher in patients with (40 cmH2O) than without (30 cmH2O) gastroesophageal varices (p less than 0.01). The pressure was not related to the size of the varices. PMID- 6621264 TI - External quality assessment of health laboratories. PMID- 6621265 TI - Quality assurance for multi-crystal gamma counters. PMID- 6621266 TI - Charcoal cloth discs to separate free from antibody-bound progesterone. PMID- 6621267 TI - Evaluation of the measurement of reverse T3 in suspected thyroid disease. PMID- 6621268 TI - Quality control with automated blood grouping equipment. PMID- 6621269 TI - Quality monitoring of blood and its components. PMID- 6621270 TI - Technical quality assurance in histopathology. PMID- 6621271 TI - External quality assessment in clinical chemistry. PMID- 6621273 TI - Quality assurance and training for quality control. PMID- 6621272 TI - Quality assurance and clinical microbiology. PMID- 6621274 TI - A quality-control scheme for ward-based blood glucose estimations. PMID- 6621276 TI - Plasma creatine kinase assays: discrepancies between results on animal and human materials. PMID- 6621275 TI - Laboratory staff and nurses' performance compared when using the blood glucose Reflotest-Reflomat system. PMID- 6621277 TI - Interference by cresol in YSI glucose analyser. PMID- 6621279 TI - [Computer tomography in determining lung density for irradiation planning]. AB - The paper is concerned with the problems of the determination of lung density in the irradiation planning for thoracic tumors using CT. The mean value of density that was equal to 0.252 +/- 0.118 g/cm3 was obtained proceeding from a study of 118 CT sections of the lungs during quiet breathing. The respective value gets equal to 0.162 +/- 0.022 g/cm3 in deep breathing and 0.282 + 0.050 g/cm3 in full expiration. The values of lung density can vary in different persons. The range of measured values is equal to 0.119 = 0.441 g/cm3 in quiet breathing. The values of lung density vary within the limits of one section from the minimum value in its front part to the maximum one in the rear part. To determine lung densities that are representative for radiation therapy, CT should be performed with a patient breathing quietly in an uninterrupted manner. In significant deviations of density values from those accepted for isodose value calculation, individual consideration of lung density for each person is found appropriate. PMID- 6621278 TI - [Procedure and results of combined radiation and surgical treatment of laryngeal cancer patients]. AB - The paper is concerned with the results of a study of 250 patients with laryngeal cancer who received a radical course of radiation therapy. The 1st stage of the disease was diagnosed in 15 (6%) patients, the 2nd stage in 47 (18.8%), the 3rd in 178 (71.2%) and the 4th in 10 (4%) patients. gamma-Beam therapy was given to 158 patients, electron therapy to 60, and electron therapy combined with 5 fluorouracil to 32 patients with stages III--IV. The patients were irradiated on a B-5M-25 betatron and gamma-units of the rokus type. A single focal dose was 3 Gy, the summary dose in most of the cases 60-70 Gy (TDF 99-115 units). Therapeutic results were evaluated by the degree of tumor regression, frequency of recurrence and the survival of patients without evidence of disease. The short term results for all types of treatment were almost the same. However in cancer of stages I--II a complete tumor resorption was noted more frequently than in tumors of stages III--IV (respectively 81 and 36%). Differences in the frequency of a complete tumor regression also depended on its site. It was observed in 62% of the patients with the supraligamentous tumor site, in 93% with the ligamentous site and in 45% with the supraligamentous-ligamentous site. A study of the long term results of the treatment of patients with laryngeal cancer has shown that a 5-year disease-free survival with good organ function is noted in 81% of the patients with stages I--II and only in 28% with stages III--IV. The results do not depend on the method of irradiation. PMID- 6621280 TI - [Muscle blood flow in healthy persons of different ages]. AB - A study was made of the muscular blood flow at rest (MBFR) and in reactive hyperemia (MMBF--maximum muscular blood flow) in 170 healthy persons using a method of local clearance with 133Xe. The results of the study showed a regular decrease in the MBFR and MMBF level in aging, the decrease rates of MMBF considerably prevailing over those of MBFR. In the age interval between 18-96 MBFR lessens by 24%, MMBF more than twice. The age-associated time course of MMBF is of a more complicated nature as compared to that of MBRF and indicates a considerable reduction of the functional reserves of the tissue blood flow in the skeletal muscles of middle-aged and old persons. The above data make it possible to outline MBFR rough standard values: for young persons--2.5-5.0 ml/100 g/min., for older persons--1.5-3.5 ml/100 g/min. As normal MBFR fluctuations in healthy persons one can adopt a +/- 20% interval of respective MBRF mean values in each decade. MBF age-associated changes should be regarded in the diagnosis of obliterating lesions of lower limb vessels and other diseases accompanied by its decrease. Special emphasis should be placed on MMBF. PMID- 6621281 TI - [Improvement in faculty work in raising the qualifications of medical college teachers (illustrated by a department of roentgenology and radiology)]. PMID- 6621282 TI - [Lymphatic duct scintigraphy of cancer patients]. AB - A total of 138 patients with various tumor sites were examined using lymphoductoscintigraphy with 113mIn. A distinct image of the thoracic lymphatic duct was obtained in 72 cases; 3 variants of normal lymphoscintigrams were singled out. In 66 out of 138 patients no distinct image of the thoracic lymphatic duct was obtained; the retardation of the radiopharmaceutical at the level of the chief lymphatic collector, its winding shift, reflux to the intercostal lymphatic vessels, sometimes to the liver, spleen and kidneys were observed. The importance of lymphoductoscintigraphy in esophageal and gastric cancer is emphasized. PMID- 6621283 TI - [Effect of laser radiation on a dystrophic process in the liver due to x-ray irradiation]. AB - A stimulating effect of a helium-neon laser (in single radiation for 5 min daily) on a reparative process in the liver injured by x-ray radiation (in a single dose of 650) was studied by histological, cytophotometric and electron microscopic methods. It has been shown that after 3-20 sessions of laser therapy the architectonics of hepatic lobules regenerates, by the end of a therapeutic course a nearly complete regeneration of the intracellular structures of hepatocytes is noted. At the same time the level of nucleic acids and glycogen in the latter returns to normal. PMID- 6621284 TI - [Evolution of a morphological variant and the prognosis in lymphogranulomatosis]. AB - The authors present the results of a retrospective analysis of the clinical peculiarities of a course of Hodgkin's disease (HD) as compared to the results of histological examination of lymph node biopsies taken for diagnostic purposes and operative material from 235 patients after exploratory laparotomy with splenectomy. It was shown that rapid transformation (from the onset of disease) of the HD histological variant of the type of "lymphoid prevalence", "nodular sclerosis" or "mixed cellular" into the "lymphoid depletion" variant attests to high rates of the evolution of a tumor process and makes it possible to recognize the subacute nature of a course of disease before treatment. The above phenomenon points to poor prognosis and should be considered in the choice of therapeutic tactics. PMID- 6621285 TI - [Semiconductor detectors for the intracavitary and interstitial radiophosphorus diagnosis of cancer]. PMID- 6621286 TI - [Experience in using echotomography in planning the irradiation of cervical cancer patients]. AB - A possibility to use echotomography (ET) in the topometric preparation of patients with cervical cancer for radiation therapy is shown. In addition to ET computerized tomography (CT) was performed to 15 patients at the level of classic points A and B. Proceeding from the results of both studies topometric maps were prepared. Using the maps distances between points of interest were compared. It was shown that the mean value of the distance from the middle of the uterine cervix to the bladder posterior wall was 24 and 23 mm in ET and CT, respectively. Some methodological problems of ET for irradiation planning are discussed. It should be noted that ET provides ample information on the small pelvic anatomical structures that are of interest in gamma-beam and intracavitary radiation therapy of cervical cancer. ET positive features are its safety for a patient, insignificant costs and an opportunity to get information for a 3-dimensional irradiation planning. PMID- 6621287 TI - [Dosimetric characteristics of encapsulated 125I sources for interstitial radiation therapy]. AB - Thermoluminescent dosimetry in the Mix-D material was used to study the dosimetric characteristics of discrete sources in the form of titanium and nylon capsules, sizes 0.8 X 2.5 and 1.7 X 7 mm with an activity of 20-40 MB K. Permissible within the limits of volume subject to radiotherapy, dose field parameters and a higher dose gradient beyond the field limits as compared to 226Ra, 198Au and 192Ir were established. Manufactured 125I discrete sources meet the requirements of interstitial radiation therapy in the protracted tumor irradiation mode. PMID- 6621288 TI - [Radiation treatment with metronidazole in patients with oral mucosa cancer in the late stages]. AB - Eighty patients with cancer of the oral mucosa at late stages were treated by a split course of gamma-beam therapy in two variants of dose fractionation as an independent therapeutic method. Metronidazole (at a summary dose of 30 g/m2) was given to 40 patients 3-4 h before irradiation. Short-term results of a 6-month follow up have shown that radiation therapy with metronidazole improves the results. Six months after termination of gamma-beam therapy 30 patients have been alive, after radiation therapy with metronidazole 38 patients. PMID- 6621289 TI - [Structure of an automated management system for the medical technology activities of the polyclinic]. AB - Block diagrams of building an automated control system for management of operational processes in an outpatient clinic are analysed. PMID- 6621290 TI - [Anamnesis in the structure of an automated subsystem for prophylactic oncological examination]. AB - Some problems of developing an automated control subsystem "Oncologic examinations" to perform health screening in outpatient conditions with the aim of early neoplasm detection are discussed. PMID- 6621291 TI - [Current problems in organizing ambulatory polyclinic care for the population]. PMID- 6621292 TI - [Systems analysis in medical technology]. AB - Main characteristics of clinical laboratory instruments for biochemical investigations are determined as are the required number of instruments and allocation of the available resources needed at the stage of development. The problem was approached by means of systemic analysis methods based on applying matrix prediction and solving the optimization problem prescribed by the set of inequalities. Calculated values represent actual needs of clinical laboratories, so it became possible to include development of these instruments into the Institute's plan. PMID- 6621293 TI - [Creation of the technical means for electromyographic research in polyclinics]. PMID- 6621294 TI - [Problems of supplying special corrective aids for outpatients with decreased vision]. AB - Presented in the paper is a brief analysis of population requiring special aids to correct their reduced vision. Main causes of unsatisfactory optical rehabilitation service for low vision population are determined. The program to improve such a service is proposed. Some preliminary results are discussed. PMID- 6621295 TI - [Equipping hospitals and polyclinics with ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus as a part of their comprehensive outfitting with technical aids]. PMID- 6621296 TI - [Unit for measuring the interference stability of information element selectors for electrocardiac signals]. AB - The device provides automatic measuring noise immunity of selectors for informative ECG elements. Errors in signal detecting by a reference selector are mainly responsible for a measurement error of noise immunity. The expression to derive a relative instrumental error has been deduced. PMID- 6621297 TI - [KRK-01 cardiac resuscitation system]. PMID- 6621298 TI - [Principle of organizational and technical unity in designing complex hardware for the processes in polyclinic care]. AB - A method to describe processes of health care in outpatient clinics is proposed. It produces necessary conditions for interactions between designers and users of medical complex hardware at the stage of the development. PMID- 6621299 TI - [Various psychopathologic and social aspects of multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 6621300 TI - [Negative psychological sequelae and psychiatric sequelae of abortion obtained in a hospital: possible application of an evaluation scale]. PMID- 6621301 TI - [Sociopsychological case control study of 50 subjects with alcoholic dependence syndrome (ADS)]. PMID- 6621303 TI - [Stressful events and myocardial infarct. Preliminary study]. PMID- 6621302 TI - [Preliminary note on the use of high doses of S-adenosylmethionine]. PMID- 6621304 TI - [Mental disorders and epilepsy in a traditional African community. Epidemiologic study]. PMID- 6621305 TI - Anaerobic threshold measurements of elite oarsmen. PMID- 6621306 TI - Biomechanical measures of muscular effort. AB - This paper identifies those particular force and torque quantities that arise most frequently in biomechanical investigations, and which, when appropriately combined with the system's kinematic behavior, appear to be related most directly to muscular effort, i.e., the metabolic cost associated with producing muscle tension, in a joint neighborhood. Depending upon whether the joint distribution problem has been solved, muscular effort is best determined either by the individual variable muscle force magnitudes or by the magnitude of the variable muscle force-dependent component of the resultant joint torque. Discrete biomechanical measures that can be used to represent these continuously-varying scalar functions are identified and examined critically. These include instantaneous measures (e.g., the extremes and other characteristic force, torque, and power values) and interval measures (e.g., average force, torque, and power values, work performed, change in mechanical energy, and linear and angular impulses). If the variation of the effort function is negligible, instantaneous measures may suffice provided there exists a reliable scaling factor relating these quantities to metabolic cost. If the variation of the effort function is appreciable, then properly weighted impulse measures may be the most appropriate because they appear to reflect muscular effort over the widest range of human activities, including those that involve isometric contractions. PMID- 6621307 TI - Behavioral assessment in youth sports: coaching behaviors and children's attitudes. AB - To define the characteristics and dimensional patterning of coaching behaviors, 15,449 behaviors of 31 youth basketball coaches were coded in terms of a 10 category system. Post-season attitude and self-esteem data were obtained from players on 23 teams and were related to the behavioral measures. Compared with rates of reinforcement, encouragement, and technical instruction, punitive responses occurred relatively infrequently. Factor analysis of the coaching behaviors indicated that supportive and punitive behavioral dimensions were orthogonal or statistically independent of one another rather than opposite ends of the same dimension. Punitive and instructional categories were part of the same behavior cluster. The relationship between coaching behaviors and the various player attitudes were highly specific in nature. Coaching behaviors accounted for about half of the variance in post-season attitudes toward the coach and the sport, but for significantly less variance in measures of team solidarity and self-esteem. Surprisingly, the rate of positive reinforcement was unrelated to any of the attitudinal measures. Punishment was negatively related to liking for the coach. In general, technical instruction categories were the strongest predictors of basketball player attitudes. PMID- 6621308 TI - Body composition of oligo/amenorrheic athletes. AB - Menstrual dysfunction in athletes may be related to low body weight or low body fat content. To investigate the relationship between body composition and menstrual function, body composition was evaluated by hydrostatic weighing in two groups of women: 14 athletes with oligo/amenorrhea and 28 athletes with regular menstruation. Age and height were similar in the two groups. In all of the weight parameters, including total body weight, percent ideal body weight, Livi Index, percent body fat, fat weight, and lean body weight, athletes with oligo/amenorrhea were significantly lighter than athletes with regular menstruation. We concluded that menstrual dysfunction in athletes is associated with low body weight, which is comprised of smaller amounts of both fat and lean body mass. PMID- 6621309 TI - Biological determinants of the sex difference in 12-min run performance. AB - The extent to which differences between men and women in cardiorespiratory capacity (VO2max in ml X min-1 X kg FFW-1), percent fat, and running economy (VO2 in ml X min-1 X kg BW-1 at 188 m X min-1) account for the sex difference in 12 min run performance was investigated in 34 male and 34 female recreational runners, 19-35 yr of age. Men differed significantly (P less than 0.05) from women in VO2max (68.6 vs 65.1 ml X min-1 X kg FFW-1), percent fat, (10.8 vs 19.8%), and 12-min run performance (3294 vs 2747 m), but not in running economy (39.0 vs 39.1 ml X min-1 X kg BW-1). Simple and multiple regression and correlation analyses indicated that relations of the biological variables to 12 min run performance were similar within groups of men and women. Multiple regression analysis revealed that percent fat, VO2max (ml X min-1 X kg FFW-1), and running economy accounted for 74, 20, and 2% of the average sex difference in 12-min run performance, respectively. It was concluded that for men and women similarly trained, the average sex difference in 12-min run performance is primarily due to differences in percent fat and cardiorespiratory capacity. If the observed differences between men and women on these variables are truly a function of sex, results of this study provide a biological basis for different distance running performance expectations for men and women. PMID- 6621310 TI - Arm cranking and wheelchair ergometry in elite spinal cord-injured athletes. PMID- 6621311 TI - The mechanics of foot action during the golf swing and implications for shoe design. PMID- 6621312 TI - A mechanical analysis of a special class of rebound phenomena. AB - An analytical method is presented for determining the post-impact motion of a rough elastic ball which collides with and rebounds from an arbitrarily oriented rough inertial surface. Pre-impact ball motion is completely general, and the contact interface is assumed to be sufficiently rough to provide a no-slip condition during the restitution phase of the short impact interval. A solution to the impulse-momentum equations is obtained by using Newton's linear coefficient of restitution, and by introducing a torsional coefficient of restitution to account for changes in the magnitude and direction of the component of the ball's angular velocity vector perpendicular to the inertial surface. This method is used to analyze the hop or hook-serve used in advanced level handball play. An expression for the hop angle gamma is derived, which depends on the components of the mass center velocity and angular velocity vectors imparted to the ball by the server. These results are consistent with the natural tendency for right- and left-handed servers to generate characteristic hops to the left and right, respectively. These same results also indicate, however, that many handball authorities are not giving proper instructions when teaching hop servers how the ball should be spinning after hand impact. PMID- 6621313 TI - Soccer injuries and their mechanisms: a prospective study. AB - In order to study the incidence and mechanisms of injury in soccer and to recommend prophylactic measures, 180 players in a senior male soccer division were followed prospectively for 1 yr. Attendance records for games and practice sessions were kept, and all injuries were examined and treated by the same orthopaedic surgeon. One hundred twenty-four players incurred 256 injuries, mostly sprains and strains of the lower extremities. Of these, 62% were considered minor with ankle sprains being the most common (17%), while 11% were considered major with knee ligament sprains being the most frequent (32%). Overuse injuries were most frequent in the preseason training period. Traumatic leg injuries involved players with inadequate or no shin guards. Of the traumatic knee injuries, 11 of 18 (61%) occurred during a collision; non-contact knee injuries were frequently seen in those players with a history of knee injury and existing instability. Study of injury sequence disclosed that a minor injury was often followed within two months by a major one. In addition, with severe injuries incurred during fouls, the individual causing the penalty was injured. This prospective study suggested that those with knee instability and those allowed to resume play with poorly rehabilitated or clinically unhealed injuries are more apt to sustain further injury. Some injuries can be avoided by using better equipment and by observance of the rules. PMID- 6621314 TI - "Forces predicted at the ankle during running". PMID- 6621315 TI - Effects of training on indices of iron status of young female cross-country runners. AB - Hematological status and selected indices of iron status were assessed in a group of eight high-school female cross-country runners at weeks 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 of the competitive season and at 1, 5, and 11 wk after the season. Over the season, a training effect occurred, as was shown by a significant decrease (12.8%) in step-test heart rate and a significant increase (7.0%) in VO2max (ml X min-1 X kg 1). The runners experienced "sports anemia" in that their hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and packed red blood cell volume (PCV) declined significantly during the first week of training (8.8 and 8.3%, respectively), whereas changes did not occur in a comparison group of 11 nonrunners who were followed for the first 3 wk of the season. Between weeks 1 and 8 of the season, the runners' Hb and PCV values gradually returned toward preseason values while their serum iron (SeFe) and percent transferrin saturation (% Sat) showed steady, but nonsignificant, declines, and their total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) rose by 9.4% and continued to rise through the first week after the season. Concomitantly, the runners' free erythrocyte porphyrin (FEP) concentrations rose by 15%. By the end of the detraining period, all indices of iron status had returned to initial values except for TIBC, which still was significantly higher than preseason values. With the exception of TIBC, no significant changes occurred in the iron-status indices of the comparison group during the 2 wk they were followed. The results suggest that in young women recovery from sports anemia may impose a demand on body iron reserves and that it would be prudent to assess iron status as well as hematological status in such women before and during aerobic training. PMID- 6621316 TI - Dysrhythmia detection in myocardial revascularization surgery patients. AB - Dysrhythmia detection in myocardial revascularization surgery patients. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 281-286, 1983. In order to document the type and prevalence of significant dysrhythmias in myocardial revascularization surgery patients, cardiac electrical activity was recorded during graded exercise testing, 24-h ambulatory electrocardiography, and electrocardiographic-monitored exercise training. Patients participated in a cardiac rehabilitation program that began approximately 2 wk post-surgery, and attended three monitored exercise sessions per week for 12 consecutive weeks. Graded exercise testing and 24-h ambulatory electrocardiography were administered in the second and eighth weeks of the study (weeks 1 and 6 of the exercise program) post-surgery. Eighty-eight percent of the patients exhibited significant dysrhythmias. A greater number of significant dysrhythmias were found during the second 6 wk of the study in comparison with the first 6 wk. Graded exercise testing was not as effective as ambulatory electrocardiography and monitored exercise training in dysrhythmia detection. Not all dysrhythmias were detected by any one technique, thus a combination of methods may be best for optimal surveillance and detection. PMID- 6621317 TI - Physiological determinants of endurance performance as studied in competitive racewalkers. AB - The physiological factors that relate to 20-km performance were studied in eight competitive racewalkers. The racewalking velocity at the blood lactate threshold (LT) during steady-state exercise was highly correlated to racewalking pace (r = 0.94) and predicted performance times to within 0.6%, which agrees with previous observations on runners. The two factors that contribute to velocity at LT are O2 uptake at LT (VO2 at LT) and submaximal racewalking economy (measured as the VO2 at a standard velocity). Oxygen uptake at LT was significantly correlated (r = 0.89) to performance in the racewalkers in the present investigation, which agrees with previous observations of runners. Submaximal economy was significantly correlated to performance in the racewalkers (r = -0.82). Maximal oxygen uptake measured during racewalking was not significantly correlated (r = 0.62) to performance. These data indicate that the velocity at LT correlates closely to performance in racewalkers and that the factor of submaximal economy, which partly determines velocity at LT, is related more to performance ability in racewalking than was previously observed in running. PMID- 6621318 TI - Specificity of physiologic adaptations resulting from ice-hockey training. AB - The specificity of the metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses to varied seasonal training programs and to varied testing modalities and protocols were investigated in two groups of college hockey players. Training consisted of either ice hockey (IH) or a combination of ice hockey and prolonged low-intensity cycling (IH-C). Measurement of training-induced adaptations were determined during maximal and submaximal ice skating, and during maximal and submaximal cycling. Ice hockey training caused no change in VO2max, maximal heart rate (HRmax), and maximal ventilation (VEmax) during maximal ice skating. During submaximal ice skating following IH training, however, reductions (P less than 0.05) in blood lactate (La), VE/VO2, and respiratory exchange ratio (R) were observed. When maximal and submaximal cycling was employed as the test modality, no training-induced alteration was found. The IH-C training program (ice hockey cycling) resulted in adaptations similar to those observed during submaximal ice skating following the IH training. In addition, a reduction (P less than 0.05) in heart rate was observed during submaximal cycling exercise. From these findings it appeared that the adaptive response to training may be specific to the type of work used in training, the type of ergometry used to evaluate training, and to specific physiological processes. In addition, these results suggested a dissociation between local and central adaptations. PMID- 6621319 TI - Responses to submaximal and maximal arm cycling above, at, and below heart level. AB - It has been suggested previously that arm position may influence the cardiovascular and metabolic adjustments to arm cycling. Therefore, it was the purpose of this study to compare the responses to submaximal and maximal arm cycling with the arms positioned above, at, and below heart level. Five untrained subjects performed arm cycling at each of the three positions at 0, 29.6, 59.0, and 88.0 W. The work rate of 59.0 W was the highest work rate that could be maintained for 10 min by all five subjects. In addition, all subjects performed maximal cycling exercise at all three arm positions in order to determine arm VO2peak. A restraining harness and synchronous arm cycling were used to isolate the work to the arms as much as possible. Arm VO2peak averaged only 57% of leg VO2peak in the present study, due probably to the harness used to reduce the use of accessory muscles during arm exercise, as well as the use of synchronous arm cycling, which reduces trunk rotation. The present study found no significant difference in the responses to either submaximal or maximal arm cycling with the arms positioned above, at, or below heart level. These results suggest that possible changes in arm-muscle blood flow exert only negligible effects when rhythmic dynamic arm exercise is performed in an overhead position. PMID- 6621320 TI - Mechanical efficiency of positive work in running at different speeds. AB - To investigate the possible role of elastic potentiation on mechanical efficiency, three male marathon runners were filmed while running on a treadmill at various steady-state speeds ranging from 7.0-22.0 km X h-1. Kinematic and mechanical energy analyses were performed from the film. Expired air was collected for energy expenditure determination. The analysis disclosed that during contact on the treadmill the knee and ankle joints initially had a phase of negative (flexion) angular velocity, followed by a positive velocity. In the hip joint the stretch-shortening cycle of the extensor muscles occurred primarily during the flight phase. The mean vertical and horizontal forces of the negative and positive phases of the contact period increased linearly with the increase in the running speed. The calculated mechanical efficiency of positive work was high but relatively constant (55.1 +/- 12.7%) across all speeds. The absolute contribution of the extra work, which comes from the stored elastic energy to the positive work, increased with running speed; however, its relative value (0.61 +/ 0.09 J X min-1 X kg-1) remained constant at all measured speeds. It is suggested, therefore, that when the flight phase is included in the mechanical energy calculations, the measured efficiency for the positive work reaches a high but constant value in running at low-to-moderate speeds. PMID- 6621321 TI - An estimation of the velocities of three take-off phases in 18-m triple jump. AB - The purposes of this study were to estimate the take-off velocities necessary to gain a given distance on the triple jump by adopting three hypotheses and to investigate the external force vectors during the jump's supporting phase. The total distance corresponding to the varying combinations of horizontal and vertical velocities at take-offs were calculated based on these hypotheses. The calculated velocities of the body's center of gravity coincided well with the observed total distance, even though the velocities were slightly underestimated. There was a significant correlation between the run-up velocity and the total distance (r = 0.91, P less than 0.001). From these results, the run-up and take off velocities and the external force vectors for an 18-m jump were estimated. It might be said that the 18-m jumper must gain great run-up velocity (10.7 m X s-1) and exert forces during each supporting phase which are 3.6-4.4 times the body weight, resulting in a force-vector angle of about 101 degrees at each take-off. PMID- 6621322 TI - Use of separate hand locations to calculate ground reaction force exerted on a vaulting pole. AB - A model was developed to permit calculation of the force exerted by the ground on a vaulting pole given the flexibility characteristics of the pole, the grip height of the upper hand, and the coordinates of each of the two hands relative to the base of the pole. The flexural rigidity of the pole was assumed constant throughout the length of the pole and not subject to hysteresis or dynamic loading effects. The model was based on the following rationale: knowing the initial angle of the base of the pole (beta 0) and the force vector (F1) exerted by the ground on the pole, it was possible to estimate the shape of the pole and the coordinates of the two hands following an iterative procedure. Conversely, it was possible to find a combination of beta 0 and F1 that made the pole fit two specified hand locations. PMID- 6621324 TI - Leg muscle pH following sprint running. AB - In an effort to compare the disturbances in leg muscle pH during sprint running, muscle biopsies were obtained from the gastrocnemius and vastus lateralis muscles of six healthy men (three endurance-trained and three nonendurance-trained) before and after a treadmill sprint run (TSR) to fatigue (54-105 s) at roughly 125% of their aerobic capacities. Following the TSR, repeated blood samples were taken from a hand vein and later analyzed for pH, PCO2, and lactic acid (HLa). The muscle specimens were analyzed in duplicate for pH and HLa. Resting-muscle pH was 7.03 +/- 0.02 (means +/- SE) and 7.04 +/- 0.01 for the gastrocnemius and vastus lateralis muscles, respectively. At the termination of the TSR, the pH in these muscles was 6.88 +/- 0.05 and 6.86 +/- 0.03, respectively. After a 400-m timed run on the track, the pH in the gastrocnemius of four of the subjects averaged 6.63 +/- 0.03, while blood pH and HLa were 7.10 +/- 0.03 and 12.3 mM, respectively. Although no differences in pH and HLa were observed between the vastus lateralis and gastrocnemius muscles at the end of the treadmill trial, it is speculated that the lesser disturbance in acid-base balance seen in endurance performers may have been due to a lesser production of metabolites in their running musculature when compared to nonendurance performers. PMID- 6621323 TI - Time course of lung volume changes during prolonged treadmill exercise. AB - It has been known since the 1920s that runners completing marathon races have reduced forced vital capacity (FVC) values. To investigate the time course of these lung volume alterations, we measured FVC and residual volume (RV) in 11 runners before, after, and at 30-min intervals during a 2.5-h treadmill run at just under their marathon pace (70% VO2max). Mean distance run was 21.5 +/- 1.5 (SD) miles in the 2.5-h period. During the first 60 min, both RV and total lung capacity (TLC) decreased by 110 ml, however, this change was not significant (P greater than 0.05). A high correlation (r = 0.93) was observed between delta RV and delta TLC during the first 5 min, while FVC remained unchanged. From 60-90 min, all lung volumes remained constant. From 90-150 min, lung volumes changed in a direction similar to that observed after a marathon, i.e., FVC decreased significantly (5.51 to 5.37 liter between 90 and 150 min, P less than 0.05), TLC remained unchanged (7.41 vs 7.42 liter, P greater than 0.05), and RV showed a nonsignificant increase from 1.90 to 2.05 liter (P greater than 0.05). The data are consistent with multiple mechanisms playing a role in pulmonary function changes during prolonged exercise. The smaller mean decrease in FVC observed in this study, as compared to that found during a marathon, suggested that the marathon imposes a greater demand on the lungs than did treadmill exercise of the duration and relative intensity used in this study. PMID- 6621325 TI - Preface to exercise and triacylglycerol metabolism. PMID- 6621326 TI - Type L hormone-sensitive lipase hydrolyzes endogenous triacylglycerols in muscle in exercised rats. AB - Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) exists in two distinct fractions in heart and skeletal muscle: LPL in capillary beds regulates the metabolism of chylomicrons and very low-density lipoproteins on the surface of the endothelial cells; in contrast, the intracellular fraction of LPL regulates endogenous triacylglycerol (TG) stores. The name of the intracellular enzyme has been changed from LPL to type L hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) because it is responsive to epinephrine and glucagon levels in heart. In this symposium evidence will show that epinephrine also activates type L HSL in skeletal muscle. Further justification for the name change is that plasma lipoproteins do not exist in parenchymal cells of muscle and the intracellular enzyme possesses many of the classical characteristics described for LPL. Exercise activates type L HSL in heart and skeletal muscle with a concomitant decrease in muscle TG stores. These results provide evidence that under a normal physiological condition, such as exercise, type L HSL participates in the regulation of intramuscular TG stores. PMID- 6621327 TI - Influence of exercise on chylomicron triacylglycerol metabolism: plasma turnover and muscle uptake. AB - Triacylglycerides (TG), circulating in chylomicrons, represent a potentially rich source of plasma substrates available for tissue uptake. Chylomicron TG are first hydrolyzed by the action of lipoprotein lipase prior to tissue uptake of the TG derived fatty acids. Although the removal of these TG by fat cells appears to favor a storage function, uptake by skeletal muscle accounts for a significant portion of the TG removed from plasma. Further, uptake of TG-derived fatty acids by skeletal muscle is increased during exercise. This could contribute to an increased rate constant for TG removal from the plasma during exercise. A significant portion of the TG-derived fatty acids that enter muscle during exercise remain in the non-esterified fatty acid pool of the muscle where they could provide a substrate for beta-oxidation. Indirect estimates of the contribution that TG-derived fatty acids may make to the total energy costs during exercise in a fasting condition may be minor. However, appropriate direct measurements during a postprandial condition, where total plasma TG turnover is very large, have not been made. PMID- 6621328 TI - [Anemia and icterus: pernicious anemia]. PMID- 6621329 TI - [Pathophysiology of endocrine disorders in non-endocrine diseases]. PMID- 6621330 TI - [Endocrine disorders in diseases of the liver]. PMID- 6621331 TI - [Endocrine disorders in gastrointestinal diseases]. PMID- 6621332 TI - [Endocrine changes in obesity and emaciation]. PMID- 6621334 TI - [Conservative or surgical treatment of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhages?]. PMID- 6621333 TI - [Rheologic effect of naftidrofuryl and pentoxifylline]. PMID- 6621335 TI - [Digitalis and gynecomastia. Short report]. PMID- 6621337 TI - Ad hoc categories. PMID- 6621336 TI - [Kinetics of active metabolites of mezlocillin in tube tissue]. PMID- 6621338 TI - Categorization reaction time, category structure, and category size in semantic memory using artificial categories. PMID- 6621339 TI - The role of category information in word identification: a parallel decision model. PMID- 6621340 TI - The relation between visual imagery mediators and recall. PMID- 6621341 TI - Errors in proofreading: evidence for syntactic control of letter processing? PMID- 6621342 TI - Conceptual processing of text during skimming and rapid sequential reading. PMID- 6621343 TI - Encoding processes and the recall of text. PMID- 6621344 TI - Pronoun disambiguation: accessing potential antecedents. PMID- 6621345 TI - On the conflict between logic and belief in syllogistic reasoning. PMID- 6621346 TI - An analysis of interference in recognition memory. PMID- 6621347 TI - Levels of processing: qualitative differences or task-demand differences? PMID- 6621348 TI - Teaching menu planning and grocery shopping skills to a mentally retarded mother. PMID- 6621349 TI - Pedestrian skills training for mentally retarded adults: comparison of training in two settings. PMID- 6621350 TI - Use of a microcomputer to assist staff in documenting resident progress. PMID- 6621351 TI - Personality constructs in the evaluation of mentally retarded persons. PMID- 6621352 TI - Observed prevalence of multiple developmental disabilities. PMID- 6621353 TI - Involving students in behavior modification programs. PMID- 6621354 TI - Thickness of lamellae in normal human iliac trabecular bone. AB - The three-dimensional (3-D) thickness of lamellae in normal trabecular bone was estimated by means of a stereologic transformation of the apparent width measured on 7 mm stained sections of undecalcified iliac bone from 65 nondiseased individuals aged 16--90 years. The average 3-D thickness of double lamellae (one bright and one dark) was 6.4 mm with a coefficient of variation between individuals of approximately 5%. Among the 32 males, the thickness was unchanged with age, while double lamellar thickness increased with age in the females [thickness (mm) = 5.980 (mm) ;.008 (mm/year) x age (yr). Intra-individual distributions of the thickness of double lamellae resembled normal distributions and had a median coefficient of variation of 23%. Within the trabecular osteons, no correlation between lamellar number and thickness was demonstrated, and no difference in thickness was found between mineralized and nonmineralized lamellae. Redeterminations showed no intra-observer bias in the estimation of the mean double lamellar thickness. The low variance between individuals indicated that the lamellar thickness is important for some essential biologic function, most likely the mechanical strength of trabecular bone. It may, therefore, be a useful variable to study in metabolic bone diseases. Furthermore, counting lamellae may be a simple way of estimating the 3-D thickness of remodeling sites in trabecular bone. PMID- 6621355 TI - Plasma hydroxyproline in uremia: relationships with histologic and biological indices of bone turnover. PMID- 6621356 TI - Is osteonecrosis of the femoral head avascular? Bone blood flow measurements after long-term treatment with corticosteroids. AB - Since nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head is usually considered primarily as an ischemic disease, blood flow has been studied in femoral segments in two groups of geese, one control group and the other treated with a high dose of corticosteroids for 5 months. There was no histologic evidence of osteonecrosis in femoral heads, and mean bone blood flow in any femoral segments was not reduced in the treated group. These results suggest that osteonecrosis of the femoral head is not caused primarily by ischemia, even if ischemia may play a secondary role in the evolution of the disorder. PMID- 6621357 TI - Effect of high levels of corticosteroids on the lipids of the long bones of the mature rabbit. AB - Corticosteroid administration is associated with the development of nontraumatic osteonecrosis in man. However, the pathogenesis of steroid-induced osteonecrosis is unknown. Osteopenia, occurring as a result of corticosteroid treatment is thought to be one factor contributing to the compromise of vascular space. We have treated rabbits daily with hydrocortisone-acetate (15 mg per 4 kg rabbit for 4 and 9 weeks, respectively). These animals progressively developed osteoporosis. Cholesterol accumulated in both the unwashed cancellous bone and the marrow-free compact bones of the treated rabbits when contrasted with age-matched controls. Elevations in marrow lipid content were also observed in the treated animals. Although none of the treated rabbits developed osteonecrosis during the short time of the study, the findings of elevated cholesterol suggest that alterations in bone cell membranes may lead to cell dysfunction and osteopenia. This osteopenia may eventually cause osteonecrosis by occlusion of subchondral vessels. The elevated marrow lipids may also contribute to the development of osteonecrosis by increasing intramedullary pressure and causing venous stasis. PMID- 6621358 TI - Clinical effect of human-fibroblast-derived (beta) interferon in treatment of adeno-virus epidemic keratoconjunctivitis and its complication. AB - The clinical studies reviewed here indicated the usefulness of topical application of Human-fibroblast-derived (Beta) interferon (HulFN-B) in treatment of Adeno-8 Epidemic-keratoconjunctivitis. A week treatment with 2-5 X 10(5) reference units daily doses, starting early as possible, reduced the length of the disease from 22 day to a week, and almost totally prevented the appearance of subepithelial keratitis which occurred in 57% of the control group. Possibly interferon should be given also prophylactically to individuals exposed to contagion. Our results encourage further investigation on the Hul FN-B use as a drug for treatment and prevention of viral infection. PMID- 6621359 TI - Studies on the metabolism of benoxinate by human pseudocholinesterase. AB - The local anesthetic drug benoxinate (oxybuprocaine, Novesine) is hydrolyzed to 3 butoxy-4-aminobenzoic acid. A rapid and simple spectrophotometric method for benoxinate hydrolysis by human plasma was developed. Benoxinate is hydrolyzed enzymatically by an esterase present in the serum. Heat stability characteristics and apparent affinity values of the benoxinate metabolizing enzyme were in the same range compared to benzoylcholine chloride hydrolysis. Apparent Vmax-values differ by a mean factor of about 18 between the hydrolysis of both substrates. Considerable interindividual variability of benoxinate hydrolysis and inhibition of the enzymatic reaction by dibucaine and sodium fluoride has been observed. Furthermore, enzyme activity with benoxinate as substrate is positively correlated (P less than 0.001) with benzoylcholine chloride hydrolysis. Therefore, we assume that benoxinate is metabolized by human pseudocholinesterase (PCHE, E.C. 3.1.1.8) and that ocular side effects after benoxinate application may be caused by altered metabolism of this drug, depending on genetically determined variants of pseudocholinesterase. PMID- 6621360 TI - GSSG-reducing activity in lenses deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. AB - Steroids that inhibit glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) were used to examine the correlation between the loss of GSSG-reducing activity and G6PD deficiency in the lens. The correlation was found to be nonlinear. In senile cataracts, which had lost 36% of NADPH-generating activity as compared to clear lenses, the estimated loss of GSSG reduction was only 20%. On the other hand, lenses with severe G6PD deficiency (i.e. 93% loss) retained at least 28% GSSG reducing activity. The declined reducing activity, however, suggested a possible role of G6PD deficiency in cataract formation in young patients. PMID- 6621361 TI - Posttraumatic recurrent corneal erosion, #2. Ultrastructural findings in epithelium and stroma. AB - Basement membrane deficiency, accompanied by alterations in basal epithelial cells, was shown in a case of posttraumatic recurrent corneal erosion (RCE) by Goldman et al. [1] and in other corneal disorders [2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. We have previously [7] described a case of posttraumatic RCE which was treated successfully by surgical procedure. This report presents electron microscopic observations of the excised tissues which indicate significant changes in the corneal stroma as well as in its epithelium and basement membrane. PMID- 6621362 TI - Effects of acute metabolic acid-base changes and furosemide on magnesium excretion in rats. AB - The effect of acute metabolic acid-base changes on renal magnesium transport is not well defined. We have examined renal magnesium handling in three groups of ten acutely thyroparathyroidectomized rats infused with isotonic NaCl (controls), NH4Cl (acidosis), and NaHCO3 (alkalosis). To define the interactions of furosemide with acid-base changes and in an attempt to localize the site of action of acidosis and alkalosis on tubular magnesium transport, the rats were studied in a second phase after administration of a maximal dose of furosemide. Before furosemide, the blood pH was 7.40 in the controls, 7.27 (P less than 0.001) in the acidotic rats, and 7.56 (P less than 0.001) in the alkalotic rats. The filtered magnesium load was not significantly different in the three groups, but fractional excretion of magnesium (FEMg) was 33.7%, 37.4%, and 13.3% in the controls, the acidosis group, and the alkalosis group, respectively. Following furosemide, the blood pH was unchanged in each group, but FEMg increased significantly to 55.4%, 71.1% (P less than 0.01 compared with controls), and 41.4% (P less than 0.01 compared with controls) in the controls, the acidotic rats, and the alkalotic rats, respectively. These data indicate that metabolic alkalosis per se enhances renal magnesium transport, and this effect is also evident after blockade of loop magnesium reabsorption by a maximal dose of furosemide. Acidosis per se does not significantly alter magnesium transport, but an inhibitory effect of acidosis on magnesium reabsorption becomes evident when distal magnesium delivery is greatly increased by furosemide. These interactions suggest that metabolic acid-base changes and furosemide may influence magnesium reabsorption at different tubule sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6621363 TI - Intestinal mucosa in diabetic rats: studies of microvillus membrane composition and microviscosity. AB - In experimental diabetes, a number of intestinal brush-border hydrolases and transport systems are stimulated. In this study, we assessed possible effects of diabetes on the composition and membrane fluidity of rat intestinal brush-border membranes that might correlate with these functional changes. We found similar proportions of lipid and protein in the diabetic and control preparations, although there was a considerable increase in total membrane from the diabetic rats, presumably reflecting mucosal hyperplasia. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of membrane protein revealed an increase in the bands corresponding to sucrase-isomaltase, consistent with an increased enzyme activity of sucrase. Membrane lipid analysis revealed only a decrease in fatty acids of the neutral lipid fraction of diabetics--a change that may well have occurred during membrane preparation. 1-6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene fluorescence polarization data, obtained as a function of temperature, was similar for the diabetic and control rats, with a three-phase linear model superior to one- and two-phase linear or quadratic models. The overall composition of the intestinal brush-border membrane, unlike other plasma membranes, appears little affected by experimental diabetes. PMID- 6621364 TI - Pancreatic polypeptide release by intraluminal fatty acids. AB - The question of whether the response of pancreatic polypeptide to intestinal fatty acids is influenced by the site of intestinal perfusion or the chain length of the fatty acid was investigated. Six dogs with chronic gastric, pancreatic, and intestinal fistulas were studied. Proximal perfusates were administered at the pylorus and diverted via a Foley catheter in the orad stoma of an intestinal fistula placed 45 cm beyond the pancreatic cannula. Distal perfusates were administered into the caudal stoma of the intestinal cannula. Three experimental protocols were used: proximal fatty acid perfusion (20, 40, or 80 mmol/L) combined with distal saline perfusion; distal fatty acid perfusion (20, 40, or 80 mmol/l) combined with proximal saline perfusion; or distal fatty acid perfusion combined with proximal fatty acid perfusion of 80 mmol/L. Each dose of fatty acid was given in random order and the two fatty acids (dodecanoate and oleate) were tested on different days. Blood samples were drawn for pancreatic polypeptide radioimmunoassay, and pancreatic secretion was collected for determination of bicarbonate and protein outputs. Pancreatic polypeptide responses to perfusion of both proximal and distal segments with oleate exceeded (P less than 0.05) those evoked by dodecanoate. The responses of pancreatic polypeptide to dodecanoate administration into either the proximal segment or the distal intestine were not significantly different. In contrast, perfusion of the proximal intestinal segment with oleate release significantly (P less than 0.05) less pancreatic polypeptide than did distal intestinal perfusion with oleate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6621365 TI - Enzymatic changes in dystrophic mice and their age dependency. AB - The activities of 14 different aminopeptidases, 5 endopeptidases, 4 glycosidases, phosphatase, esterase, and ribonuclease (RNase) were measured in the muscle and bone of 12 normal controls and 12 dystrophic mice. In most cases the activity of these enzymes was significantly elevated in the muscle of the dystrophic mice. In the muscle of the controls the activity of aminopeptidase A (AP-A), Leu-AP, Trp AP, Gly-Pro-AP, and RNase tended to decrease with the increasing age of the animal, whereas that of AP-B and Pro-AP tended to increase. This mode of age related regression was entirely different in dystrophic muscle. The enzymatic changes in the bone of the dystrophic mice were milder but more or less analogous to those in muscle. These findings should be important in further elucidating the mode of protein degradation in dystrophic muscle and in aiding in the selection of appropriate therapeutic agents including the low-molecular-weight inhibitors. PMID- 6621367 TI - Innovar-Vet neuroleptanalgesia in rats: suitable procedures, dosage, and side effects. PMID- 6621366 TI - Innovar-Vet as an intramuscular anesthetic for rats. PMID- 6621368 TI - Preliminary report: the effects of acute acidosis on alanine and glucose metabolism across the liver, gut, kidney, and muscle in the dog. AB - Acute metabolic acidosis (AMA) in the dog results in a 48% increase in arterial alanine concentration and an 11% fall in blood glucose. Extraction/production of glucose and alanine were studied by A/V sampling and electromagnetic blood flow probe measurements. Alanine and total amino-N release by muscle increased in acidosis Hepatic glucose release was reduced. More marked changes in metabolism occur in AMA in the dog than previously considered. PMID- 6621369 TI - Preliminary report increased transport of intermediate density lipoprotein (LDL) with cholesterol loading. AB - Although cholesterol loading in man generally leads to an increase in plasma cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in particular, the mechanism for this is unknown. Because IDL formation rises in cholesterol-fed rats we have measured the transport of IDL apoprotein B in 8 men during two dietary periods containing either 200 mg or 1700 mg cholesterol per day. Radioiodinated IDL (Sf 12-20 or Sf 12-60) were reinjected and transport calculated from 48 hr specific radioactivity-time curves of apoprotein B in reisolated IDL. With cholesterol loading the IDL cholesterol and apoprotein B concentrations rose in 7 of 8 subjects (substantially in only 2). However IDL transport was stimulated more consistently and significantly (p less than 0.01), rising by at least 50% in 5 subjects. Furthermore the change in plasma total cholesterol concentration was significantly correlated with the change in IDL transport (r = +0.70, p less than 0.05). Since LDL are derived from IDL, the cholesterol-induced rise in IDL formation may explain the increase in LDL concentration with dietary cholesterol. PMID- 6621370 TI - HDL-cholesterol in a sample of black adults: the Framingham Minority Study. AB - A group of 100 adult black residents of Framingham, MA were examined and their plasma lipids were determined by the Framingham Heart Study Lipoprotein Laboratory. The age range of the participants was 20-69 yr, and the mean age was 42 yr for both sexes. The mean plasma total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) values for the 45 black men were 184,37.2, and 78 mg/dl, respectively. The corresponding levels for the 55 black women were 192,50.4, and 49. Even after adjusting for obesity, alcohol intake, and cigarette use, the HDL C levels among the blacks were significantly lower (p less than 0.001) than the levels for Framingham white men and women. This black sample is more highly educated than black groups previously studied, and appears to be as active as the Framingham white sample. We conclude that this black population has quite low HDL C levels, and the results suggest that the lipoprotein distributions in this group differ from those previously reported for blacks. PMID- 6621371 TI - Circulating triacylglycerols, lipoproteins, and tissue lipoprotein lipase activities in rat mothers and offspring during the perinatal period: effect of postmaturity. AB - Mammary gland and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activities have been implicated in the changes of circulating triacylglycerol levels which occur in the mother at late gestation. In the newborn the temporal accumulation of triacylglycerols in the liver coincides with the appearance of a lipoprotein lipase peak. The relationships of these changes with the rise in circulating prolactin in the mother before parturition and the extrauterine nutritional status in the offspring were studied in a postmaturity model produced in the rat by subcutaneous injection of 7 mg progesterone/day to pregnant animals from the 20th day of gestation. Pregnant controls received the medium. Parturition occurred at day 21.5 of gestation in pregnant controls while it did not occur before the 23rd day in those receiving progesterone. At the 20th day of gestation, plasma triacylglycerol concentrations and all lipoprotein fractions (especially VLDL) were much higher in mothers not receiving progesterone than in age-matched virgins, and these differences disappeared at the 21st day of gestation. Lipoprotein lipase activity was maintained low in control mothers' adipose tissue until the 23rd postfecundation day while it greatly increased in mammary gland from parturition time. In progesterone treated mothers, both triacylglycerol and lipoprotein fractions (especially VLDL) in plasma were maintained elevated until the 23rd postfecundation day and adipose tissue and mammary gland lipoprotein lipase activities were maintained low until this time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6621372 TI - A new model of human VLDL metabolism based on simultaneous studies of its APOB and triglyceride. AB - Previous studies which separately examined the behavior of the B apolipoprotein and of the triglyceride of VLDL had raised the possibility that each was metabolized in a different manner. The present studies have explored this possibility by simultaneously studying each of these VLDL constituents in thirteen humans. 125I-labeled Sf 60-400 lipoproteins were injected. The fate of their apo B (a reflection of the metabolism of the lipoprotein particle) was followed in this, and in the smaller Sf 12-60 lipoproteins. In everyone, the larger particle was catabolized to the smaller one. Furthermore, the smaller particle was derived exclusively from the larger one. The behavior of the lipoproteins' triglyceride was examined by following the specific activity of 3H triglyceride which had been endogenously labelled by injecting 2-3H-glycerol. Some of the larger lipoproteins' triglyceride appeared in the smaller particles. However, in contrast to the apo B, the triglyceride in the smaller particle was not derived exclusively from that in the larger particle. In eleven subjects, the triglyceride specific activity curves above demonstrated that some of the triglyceride entered the smaller circulating particle from a source other than the large particle. PMID- 6621373 TI - Acute effects of fat and carbohydrate on metabolic rate in normal, cold acclimated and lean and obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats. AB - The rise in metabolic rate after intragastric feeding with fat and carbohydrate was enhanced in cold-acclimated (5 degrees C) rats and diminished in warm acclimated (30 degrees C) rats compared to controls (24 degrees C), but the response was largest in cold-acclimated animals intubated with fat. These acute effects of nutrients were almost completely abolished by beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol in all groups, while the parasympathetic antagonist atropine sulphate enhanced the responses in control rats, but had little effect in cold acclimated animals. Feeding carbohydrate produced similar increases in interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) temperature in control and cold acclimated rats, but fat caused a much greater rise in the latter group. The thermic effects of both nutrients were lower in genetically obese Zucker rats than in their lean littermates. Atropine slightly increased the thermic responses to fat and carbohydrate in the lean Zucker rats and caused marked potentiation in obese rats intubated with fat, but did not alter the effect of carbohydrate in the obese animals These data suggest that the size of the acute rise in metabolic rate after fat and carbohydrate is dependent on the thermogenic capacity of the animal. The response to fat was particularly large in cold-acclimated rats, where BAT activity is high, possibly due to a direct action of fat on the tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6621374 TI - Pyridoxine treatment does not prevent homocystinemia after methionine loading in adult homocystinuria patients. AB - Fasting homocystinemia in homocystinuria due to cystathionine synthase deficiency reportedly disappears on high-dose pyridoxine treatment. This does not necessarily reflect normal tolerance to methionine. The present study compares the effects of oral methionine loading on homocystine, cystine, and homocysteine cysteine disulphide profiles in 8 adult homozygous homocystinuria patients on and off pyridoxine treatment and in 20 controls. Pyridoxine nearly normalized fasting serum amino acid levels. Nevertheless, with a similar methionine load the patient's homocystine levels on and off treatment rose and the cystine levels decreased, reflecting the ongoing formation of the homocysteine-cysteine disulphide in the presence of impaired transsulphuration of homocysteine. In the controls homocystinemia remained virtually absent and cystine transiently rose which indicates normal transsulphuration. On treatment methionine loading evoked a brisk rise of the homocysteine-cysteine disulphide levels to values equal to those off treatment, when these levels virtually plateaued after the load. Thus, pyridoxine treatment attenuates the biochemical abnormalities in the fasting patients but leaves their impaired capacity to handle major methionine loads essentially unchanged. PMID- 6621376 TI - Recombinant DNA. Part B. PMID- 6621375 TI - Effects of dietary substitution of mixed amino acids for glucose on the splanchnic metabolism of plasma triglycerides, cholesterol, carbohydrates, and amino acids in conscious fed baboons. AB - Splanchnic metabolism was studied in the fed state during prolonged constant intravenous administration of tracer amounts of [9,10]-3H palmitic acid and the calculated isocaloric intraduodenal administration (13 mg/min X kg body wt0.75) of either (1) glucose, (2) 15% mixed amino acids and 85% glucose or (3) 45% mixed amino acids and 55% glucose to conscious, restrained female baboons that had been maintained on a similar diet (supplemented in essential nutrients) for the previous 9 days. Secretion of plasma triglycerides from the splanchnic region was quantified from splanchnic flow and radiochemical measurements of transsplanchnic gradients of 3H-labeled free fatty acids and triglycerides. Mean splanchnic secretion of plasma triglycerides increased significantly as the proportion of dietary calories derived from amino acids was varied from 0 to 15 to 45% (mean values 1.1 +/- 0.1, 2.6 +/- 0.2 and 4.2 +/- 0.3 mumol/min kg body wt0.75, respectively, p less than 0.05). Increased triglyceride secretion was attributable to both significantly higher rates of esterification of free fatty acids taken up in the splanchnic region to triglycerides released into hepatic venous blood plasma (mean values 10 +/- 1, 16 +/- 2 and 34 +/- 5%, respectively) and to significantly higher rates of secretion of triglycerides derived from precursors other than free fatty acids. Higher intake of amino acids was also associated with both higher plasma concentrations of cholesterol and higher values for hepatic oxidation of cholesterol to bile acids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6621377 TI - Isolation of multigene families and determination of homologies by filter hybridization methods. PMID- 6621378 TI - Efficient transfer of small DNA fragments from polyacrylamide gels to diazo or nitrocellulose paper and hybridization. PMID- 6621379 TI - Quantitative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of proteins. PMID- 6621380 TI - Liquid chromatographic methods for assaying polyamines using prechromatographic derivatization. PMID- 6621381 TI - Ornithine decarboxylase and the ornithine decarboxylase-modifying protein of Physarum polycephalum. PMID- 6621382 TI - Polyamine-dependent protein kinase from the slime mold Physarum polycephalum. PMID- 6621383 TI - Ornithine decarboxylase (rat liver). PMID- 6621384 TI - Ornithine decarboxylase (mouse kidney). PMID- 6621385 TI - Antizyme and antizyme inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (rat liver). PMID- 6621386 TI - Fractionation of methionine adenosyltransferase isozymes (rat liver). PMID- 6621387 TI - S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (rat liver). PMID- 6621388 TI - Purification of spermidine aminopropyltransferase (spermine synthase) from bovine brain. PMID- 6621389 TI - Inhibition of aminopropyltransferases. PMID- 6621390 TI - Purification of putrescine oxidase from Micrococcus rubens by affinity chromatography. PMID- 6621391 TI - Polyamine oxidase (rat liver). PMID- 6621392 TI - Purification of bovine plasma amine oxidase. PMID- 6621393 TI - Spermidine N-acetyltransferase. PMID- 6621394 TI - Purification of two spermidine N-acetyltransferases (histone N acetyltransferases) from calf liver nuclei. PMID- 6621395 TI - Acetylspermidine deacetylase (rat liver). PMID- 6621396 TI - Use of mammary gland tissue for the study of polyamine metabolism and function. PMID- 6621397 TI - A simple method for the determination of polyamines and histamine and its application to the assay of ornithine and histidine decarboxylase activities. PMID- 6621398 TI - alpha-Putrescinylthymine. PMID- 6621399 TI - Edeine A, edeine B, and guanidospermidine. PMID- 6621400 TI - Isolation of S-adenosyl-3-thiopropylamine. PMID- 6621401 TI - Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of polyamines and polyamine conjugates. PMID- 6621403 TI - Determination of tissue S-adenosylmethionine by radioenzymatic assay. PMID- 6621402 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of adenosyl-sulfur compounds related to polyamine biosynthesis. PMID- 6621404 TI - Determination of cellular decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine content. PMID- 6621405 TI - A simple method for determining gentamicin blood levels. AB - A simple method for the determination of gentamicin blood levels using microbiological bioassay is described. The use of finger tip blood enabled us to test the drug in a number of patients which otherwise would have been difficult. The test is reliable in the presence of other antibiotics in the serum. An assay kit was adapted so that the procedure could be performed and results read by a registered nurse within 6 h and before the administration of the next dose of the drug. PMID- 6621406 TI - Television-computer method for in vivo measurement of capillary diameter, based on the passage of red cells. AB - Capillary diameter is generally measured by methods requiring a trained observer to determine the location of the vessel walls. We have developed a video computer method for measurement of capillary diameter, based on temporal fluctuations of light intensity within the lumen due to the passage of red cells. These fluctuations are quantified, at successive points along a line perpendicular to the capillary by sampling, with a microcomputer, the output of a video analyzer and calculating the variance of light intensity with time at each point. A profile of this variance, across the vessel, shows an abrupt change at each edge of the flowing red cell column. The edge of the lumen is "defined," for the computer program, as the last point before the variance of light intensity becomes significantly greater than in the surrounding tissue. The method thus assumes there is no detectable cell-free plasma layer adjacent to the vessel wall. Both in vitro and in vivo tests showed good agreement between luminal diameters measured by a trained observer and by the video computer method. Each diameter measurement requires 2.5 sec for data acquisition and 0.3 sec for computation. This automated technique applies a standard criterion to the measurement of capillary diameter and thus avoids subjective error. It may be used for sequential measurements, e.g., where the microvessel diameter is changing with time. PMID- 6621407 TI - Pressure effects on the flow behavior of sickle (HbSS) red cells in isolated (ex vivo) microvascular system. AB - The effect of varying arterial perfusion pressure (Pa) on flow behavior of human normal (HbAA) and sickle (HbSS) erythrocytes was evaluated in isolated rat mesoappendix vasculature. Red cell velocity (Vrbc) and wall shear rate in single arterioles (i.d. 20.4 +/- 4.5 Microns means and SD) were determined and total peripheral vascular resistance (PRU) calculated. The vasculature initially perfused with Ringer's solution was then perfused with red cells suspended (HCT 2%) in the same medium. At Pa of 100 mm Hg, oxy HbSS cells resulted in higher (50%) PRU and lower Vrbc (7.1 +/- 2.2 mm/sec) and wall shear rates (1800 +/- 490 sec-1) than those recorded with HbAA cells which show a more rapid microvascular passage, i.e., Vrbc (14.4 +/- 2.8 mm/sec) and wall shear rates (3810 +/- 360 sec 1). At the same Pa, partial deoxygenation (PO2 40 mm Hg) of HbSS cells caused marked (300%) increase in PRU, and decrease in Vrbc (3.2 +/- 0.9 mm/sec), and wall shear rates (820 +/- 440 sec-1). During stepwise decrement of Pa (100-30 mm Hg), PRU for oxy HbSS cells remains elevated but the overall trend is similar to that for HbAA cells and Ringer's perfusion. At Pa of 30 mm Hg, oxy HbSS cells caused some microvascular obstruction. In contrast, with decrement in Pa below 80 mm Hg partially deoxy HbSS cells resulted in progressive increase in PRU and drastic decrease in Vrbc, coupled with progressive capillary obstruction and stasis. An increased propensity of these cells to cause irreversible vasoocclusion is demonstrated when low-pressure conditions prevail. PMID- 6621408 TI - The effect of external Ca2+ concentration on the contractility of bovine mesenteric lymphatics. AB - Spontaneous isometric contractions of isolated lymphatic vessels were studied in the single sucrose gap apparatus. Contractions were also elicited by applying single electrical pulses either within the Krebs solution (field stimulation) or across the sucrose gap (gap stimulation), or by means of high-K+ Krebs. Reductions in the calcium concentration increased the frequency but decreased the force of spontaneous contractions and ultimately abolished them. The loss of mechanical activity in calcium free solution was associated with failure of action potential firing. Increasing external [Ca2+] had no apparent effect on the force of spontaneous contractions but these became less frequent and finally stopped. The calcium antagonist D600 decreased the force of spontaneous contractions without increasing their frequency. The contractions elicited by electrical stimulation and by high-K+ Krebs were less readily abolished by calcium removal. This was particularly true of field stimulation where contractions could still be elicited up to 40 min after exposure to a calcium free solution. It is concluded that calcium ions are important for the control of pacemaking, for the propagation of the impulse, and for the contractile response itself in these bovine lymph vessels. PMID- 6621409 TI - Doublet formation of diabetic erythrocytes as a model of impaired membrane viscous deformation. AB - Erythrocyte deformation involves both viscous dissipation in the cell interior and viscoelastic motion of the cell membrane. Reports that describe reduced filterability of diabetic erythrocytes, altered response to oscillatory motion in a capillary-sized pipet, and impaired packing during centrifugation indicate a disturbance of red cell rheology in diabetes. We have selected conditions that minimize the macromolecule-mediated energy of attraction between erythrocytes and studied erythrocyte motion during doublet formation. Under such conditions, doublet formation frequency is strikingly reduced in diabetes. For nondiabetic erythrocytes the formation rate is 0.73 doublets per minute, whereas for diabetic erythrocytes the rate is 0.23 doublets per minute. In addition, mean velocity of doublet formation was found to be decreased to half of normal in diabetes. Completeness of doublet formation, regularly diminished when cell size of the two component cells was similar, was the same for diabetic and nondiabetic erythrocytes. Observation of several features of doublet formation gave a picture of the mechanical process. The initial cell making contact with the glass microscope slide was observed to remain fixed in position. The late arriving cell's ability to form a doublet was seen to decrease rapidly, apparently because it came to adhere to the glass surface. The attractive force between the cells overcomes the force of gravity, but cell deformation resistance slows doublet formation by balancing the tendency for cell-cell contact area to increase. An integral equation combining strain energy and viscous dissipation was applied to the doublet formation process. Slowing of doublet formation in diabetes appears to be produced by a doubling of resistance to rate of change of curvature of diabetic erythrocytes. PMID- 6621411 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the German-Speaking Society for Microcirculation, Zurich, Switzerland, November 27-28, 1982. PMID- 6621410 TI - Calculation of equivalent pore radii in dog hindpaw capillaries using endogenous lymph and plasma proteins. PMID- 6621412 TI - County medical societies helping the "new poor". PMID- 6621414 TI - MSMS survey finds many hospitals require MDs to have insurance. PMID- 6621413 TI - Mandatory insurance for MDs: hospitals' move for protection. PMID- 6621415 TI - Your retirement plan: meeting top-heavy accrual and vesting requirements. PMID- 6621416 TI - Embattled PPSP saving millions. PMID- 6621417 TI - Plaque formation by Tyzzer's organism in primary monolayer culture of mouse hepatocytes. AB - Tyzzer's disease organism propagated on primary monolayer cultures of mouse hepatocytes and produced definite plaques. In phase contrast microscopy, the organisms were motile in the plaques. Plaque formation was inhibited by antiserum. After serial plaque cloning the organisms still had virulence in mice. To establish a standard plaquing procedure, factors affecting plaque formation were studied. The critical factors in plaque formation were the culture period of host cells before inoculation, medium for suspending the organisms, and temperature and time of infection. A 24 to 36 hr-preculture of host cells and trypticase soy broth (BBL) as the suspending medium gave the best results. The optimal conditions for infection were 37 C for 90 min. The plaquing efficiency was higher when a larger volume of inoculum was applied to host cell monolayers, suggesting that the organism played an active role in the initial stage of infection. PMID- 6621418 TI - [Microorganisms destroying a number of nonionogenic surface-active substances]. AB - Microorganisms destroying nonionogenic surfactants (NS) were selected. The isolated cultures were assigned to the genera Pseudomonas and Bacillus. Biodestruction of 19 NS was studied in Erlenmeyer flasks with shaking and in the course of continuous cultivation. The rate of destruction was shown to depend on the chemical structure of a substance: block-copolymers of ethylene and propylene oxides were more resistant to the action of microorganisms. The results indicate that sewage waters containing NS (at an initial concentration of 50 to 500 mg/l) can be purified on local installations using microbial cultures or their complexes. PMID- 6621419 TI - [Glutathione participation in the regulation of methanol metabolism in yeasts]. AB - The activity of enzymes involved in methanol oxidation and assimilation as well as the levels of formaldehyde and glutathione were determined during batch cultivation of Candida boidinii KD1 in a medium with methanol. The distribution of [14C]methanol between oxidative and biosynthetic processes in the yeast was analysed. Changes in the concentrations of formaldehyde and glutathione were found to correlate with the activity of formaldehyde dehydrogenase. The results indicate that an increase in the concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) at the early logarithmic phase of the yeast growth stimulates formaldehyde oxidation via formate to carbon dioxide whereas a subsequent decrease in the concentration of GSH favours formaldehyde assimilation. PMID- 6621420 TI - [Comparative study of the chemical composition and properties of the capsule polysaccharides in M-, S- and R-variants of Mycobacterium lacticolum]. AB - Polysaccharides from the capsules of Mycobacterium lacticolum M, S and R variants were comparatively studied for the first time. The polysaccharides from M and S cells contained galactose, glucose and mannose; however, the polysaccharides must be different since they vary in specific rotation. The capsule polysaccharide from R cells contained also arabinose. Its specific rotation differed considerably from those of M and S cells. The polysaccharides are involved in phage adsorption on mycobacterial cells, and the three variants show differences in this respect. The free exopolysaccharides of M, S and R variants are identical with the corresponding capsule exoglycans, and their proportions differ among the variants. PMID- 6621421 TI - [Isolation of lipoteichoic acid from Streptomyces levoris]. AB - Lipoteichoic acid was isolated from Streptomyces levoris K-3056 by cold phenol extraction. Its hydrophilic moiety is represented by 1,3-poly(glycerophosphate) whereas the hydrophobic part contains fatty acids among which pentadecanoic, 14 methylpentadecanoic (isopalmitic), palmitic and heptadecanoic acids prevail. Lipoteichoic acid has been found in the Streptomyces genus for the first time. Its overall content in the cells of Streptomyces levoris K-3056 is comparable with that found in other Gram-positive bacteria. PMID- 6621422 TI - [Stability of the fatty acid composition of actinomycetes]. AB - The stability of fatty acid composition of total extractable lipids was studied in Streptomyces cultures. The type of fatty acid composition typical of the Streptomyces genus remains stable when the actinomycetes were grown as submerged cultures in various synthetic media: saturated fatty acids with methyl branching in the chain predominated in all of the cases, and fatty acids with an uneven number of carbon atoms in the chain prevailed in most of the cases. Fatty acids with the anteiso structure predominated among the acids with a branched chain, amounting to more than a half of the latter and reaching sometimes 50% of the total fatty acid content. Methyl branchings were located in the anteiso position in fatty acids with an uneven number of carbon atoms, and in the iso position in fatty acids with an even number of carbons. Unsaturated fatty acids were found as a minor component. PMID- 6621423 TI - [Identification and distribution of sulfur in Thiobacillus ferrooxidans cells]. AB - Sulfur localization was studied in Thiobacillus ferrooxidans cells grown in the medium 9K containing elemental sulfur. When sulfur is oxidized to sulfuric acid, it is located on the surface of the cell wall and within the cell wall at different levels of the periplasmic space, as well as in large spherical structures arranged at the poles or in the center of the cell. The authors discuss the mechanism of sulfur transport and distribution in T. ferrooxidans cells when sulfur is oxidized to sulfuric acid. PMID- 6621424 TI - [Propionic acid cocci and their taxonomic position]. AB - In order to determine the taxonomic position of propionic cocci, the authors studied their morphological, cultural and biochemical properties, the fatty acid composition of cells, and established the degree of homology for the DNAs of cocci and classical propionic bacteria using the method of molecular hybridization. The cocci were found to have the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase which were higher than in the studied propionic bacteria. The propionic cocci and propionic bacteria were shown to be similar in terms of their fatty acid composition and to contain the C15-saturated acid in the form of anteiso isomer as the main type of fatty acids. Their fatty acid composition was most similar to that of the species Propionibacterium jensenii (P. technicum). The propionic cocci and bacteria are related in the structure of their genomes, particularly, in the case of the bacterium P. jensenii (P. raffinosaceum)--49%. On the basis of studying the phenotypic characteristics, the fatty acid composition, the nucleotide composition of DNA, and the high degree of homology between the DNAs of the cocci and the bacterial species P. jensenii (P. raffinosaceum), the authors propose to assign the cocci to the genus Propionibacterium as a new species Propionibacterium coccoides. PMID- 6621425 TI - [Selection and biochemical activity of a microbial biocenosis in the process of concentrated sewage treatment]. AB - A bacterial cenosis responsible for the destruction of organic wastes having a complex composition was selected under the conditions of continuous cultivation on highly concentrated industrial sewage. Most of the bacterial species and all of the yeasts and fungi were eliminated from the original microflora when the concentration of the purified sewage was increased from 2 to 12 g O2 per litre (in terms of the overall chemical oxygen uptake, COU) and the dilution rate (D) varied from 0.08 to 0.25 h-1. The number of species was reduced to 10 in the cenosis. The degree of oxidation of organic compounds in the sewage was 94 to 97% at the maximal parameters of the process. The specific rate of oxidation as well as the respiration and dehydrogenase activities increased with a rise in both COU and D. The highest biochemical activity was observed at D=0.25 h-1: PMID- 6621426 TI - [Cultivation of Endomyces magnusii yeasts under batch and continuous conditions at an acid pH]. AB - The energy parameters of Endomyces magnusii cells and mitochondria were studied under the conditions of batch and continuous cultivation at different pH of the medium containing ethanol. The yeast was found to be capable of growth in the chemostat regime at D=0.2 h-1. Changes in the pH of the medium from 3.0 to 5.6 almost did not change the parameters characterizing oxidative phoshorylation of the mitochondria (the respiration chain contained three phosphorylation points). This correlated with the nearly identical biomass yield and economical coefficient. The content of RNA, DNA and protein remained unchanged at different pH values whereas the content of lipids increased at acid pH. PMID- 6621427 TI - [Infectiousness of phage T4 frozen to -196 degrees in the presence of cryoprotectors]. AB - Polyethylene oxide with a molecular weight of 400 at a concentration of 5 to 15% and dimethyl sulfoxide at a concentration of 5% produce the protecting action when T4 phage is being frozen. The survival rate of the phage is lower when dimethyl sulfoxide at a concentration of 15% and glycerol and sucrose at a concentration from 5 to 15% are added to samples to be frozen as compared with samples frozen in the absence of the cryoprotectors. PMID- 6621428 TI - Medical education meeting community needs. AB - As the scientific foundation of clinical practice has expanded the caring aspect of medicine has been given less emphasis. The development of a paradigm of medicine based on achieving a diagnosis has resulted in neglect of this caring aspect of medicine in education programmes. This has contributed to the current failing of doctors to meet community needs in terms of caring as opposed to curing in medicine. Change in the structure and emphasis of clinical training is necessary in order that graduates meet community needs. PMID- 6621429 TI - The teaching of interviewing skills: comparison of experienced and novice trainers. AB - During a clerkship in psychiatry thirty-six medical students were randomly allocated to one of three teachers who differed widely in their experience of teaching essential interviewing skills. Each teacher taught two groups of six medical students using videotape feedback and discussion of practice interviews. Independent raters who were blind to the teachers to whom the students had been assigned rate pre- and post-training interviews. All three teachers proved effective in teaching interviewing skills and it is concluded that most teachers could probably be taught to carry out this training. PMID- 6621430 TI - Assessment of students' experiences in technical procedures in a medical clerkship. AB - This study was designed to provide some insight into the manner and degree of students' acquisition of practical skills. One hundred and fifty-two of a total of 166 students in a medical clerkship during the first clinical year answered a questionnaire. The questionnaire contained fifty-eight different laboratory tests and technical procedures. The study revealed deficiencies in the teaching programme. On the average the students had been exposed to 19.4 procedures during their 13-week clerkship. We found no differences according to sex or age. Fourteen skills were considered mandatory. The mean result was 62% for these procedures. Urine analysis and participating in evening rounds gained best scores, while test for blood in faeces and discussing insulin dosage had the lowest scores, 14% and 10% respectively. In order to increase the amount of exposure to practical skills, some improvements in the teaching programme are suggested. PMID- 6621431 TI - Medical education about human sexuality: the impact of film in the workshop setting. PMID- 6621432 TI - Intensive bedside teaching of physical examination to medical undergraduates: evaluation including the effect of group size. AB - The effectiveness of intensive bedside teaching of techniques of physical examination of the alimentary system to students commencing their clinical training was assessed. All students viewed a videotape demonstrating these techniques and then participated in a morning practice examination session but only half of the class received afternoon bedside teaching of physical examination in addition. Teaching in history taking was used as a 'placebo' for the control group, and half the students in each of the study and control groups were taught in units of four, the other half in units of eight. Thus the effect of group size could also be estimated. After 1 week, the students' performance of a physical examination was assessed using a standardized scoring chart which demonstrated good reliability. The study group performed significantly better than the control and within the study group there was a trend for the students taught in smaller units to perform better. PMID- 6621434 TI - How we measure problem-solving ability. AB - A review of some of the more recent literature on problem solving is presented. An attempt is made to identify factors which may lead to discrediting the PMP (Patient Management Problem) as a measure of problem-solving ability. A definition of competence in problem solving is proposed and the question of scoring is discussed. A possible method for future research is suggested. PMID- 6621433 TI - Pattern of answer changes to multiple choice questions in physiology. AB - The belief that it is unwise to alter the initial response to a multiple choice question is questioned. Among 39 380 MCQ responses, there were 1818 changes (4.62%) of which 21.9% were correct to incorrect responses, 46.3% incorrect to correct responses and 31.8% incorrect to incorrect. This effect was very much more marked among the better students, incorrect to correct changes accounting for 61% of the responses in the upper group, 42% in the middle group and 34% in the lower group. PMID- 6621435 TI - Views and expectations of sixth formers in Sri Lanka about dentistry and dental education. AB - Questionnaires were sent to thirty-one schools in various parts of Sri Lanka on the basis of schools from which the majority of dental students tend to enter. Responses were received from 1445 sixth formers in these schools. Various views common to a large proportion of the sample were identified, as well as differences between sub groups distinguished by sex, language, occupational background, and location of school. The results are intended to aid the teaching of subjects like community and preventive dentistry so as to avoid conflict with preconceived expectations of dentistry--based on traditional patterns of curative services--which students may bring with them into dental school. In this connection there were some hopeful signs of preventive orientation in the group studied. PMID- 6621436 TI - Hospital postgraduate medical education facilities. AB - A survey of facilities made available to support the training requirements of junior hospital doctors within the North Western Region of England revealed a general under-provision of certain facilities, significantly greater provision of some facilities in teaching hospitals as compared with other hospitals, significant evidence in some cases of special effort in non-teaching hospitals to improve facilities, and significant differences between specialties regarding efforts made to provide training facilities. PMID- 6621437 TI - Penicillin resistant pneumococcus. PMID- 6621438 TI - Sick sinus syndrome in Malaysians. PMID- 6621439 TI - Renal vein thrombosis and the nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 6621440 TI - Oral speckled leukoplakia--report of two cases. PMID- 6621441 TI - Allergic rhinitis--analysis of skin testing in 774 patients. PMID- 6621442 TI - The pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in the primary reconstruction of oro facial defects. PMID- 6621443 TI - Electroconvulsive therapy for the acutely psychotic pregnant patient: a review of 3 cases. PMID- 6621444 TI - Complete heart block in Malaysians. PMID- 6621445 TI - The use of electroconvulsive therapy in the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur--a study of 31 patients. PMID- 6621446 TI - Clomid induced combined extrauterine and intrauterine pregnancy--a case report. PMID- 6621448 TI - Isolation of atypical mycobacteria from clinical material in Malaysia. PMID- 6621447 TI - Oestrogen receptor status of breast tumour biopsies in Malaysian patients. PMID- 6621449 TI - Actinomycosis of the spine: two case reports. PMID- 6621452 TI - The modern killer. PMID- 6621451 TI - Hypomelanosis of Ito. PMID- 6621450 TI - Adeno-tonsillar hypertrophy as a cause of sleep apnoea syndrome. PMID- 6621453 TI - Tuberous sclerosis and angiomyolipomas of the kidneys: a case report. PMID- 6621454 TI - The leopard (multiple lentigines) syndrome: a case report. PMID- 6621456 TI - Perinatal services and the extremely low birthweight infant. PMID- 6621455 TI - Helicopter utilization. PMID- 6621457 TI - Hepatic biotin and the sudden infant death syndrome. PMID- 6621458 TI - Seasonality of neural tube defects in Queensland. PMID- 6621460 TI - Another form of glandular fever? PMID- 6621459 TI - Brain-injured child in the bean bag. PMID- 6621461 TI - Lung sounds: a suggested approach. PMID- 6621462 TI - Diagnostic radiation and pregnancy. PMID- 6621463 TI - Mercy flights. AB - Mercy flights are flights undertaken for humane relief, which cannot be completed without breaching the normal rules of flying safety. We review the mercy flights that were made in Australia during 1980. Most flights were made for medical reasons, and the causes were largely divided between trauma and other medical conditions. The requests for most, but not all flights, were justified. Many had to be declared mercy flights because of mostly remediable deficiencies in outstation airfields. PMID- 6621464 TI - Provision of perinatal services and survival of extremely low birthweight infants in Victoria. AB - The transfer of at-risk mothers to one of the three Level III maternity hospitals in Victoria has been promoted since 1975; since 1978, the Newborn Emergency Transport Service has been available throughout the State for the transport of infants to the four Level III neonatal units. By means of data from multiple sources, we ascertained the one-year survival of infants with birthweights of between 500 g and 999 g born in Victoria between 1978 and 1981. Of 711 live-born infants, 227 (31.9%) survived 28 days and 210 (29.5%) lived to at least one year of age; of 490 infants born in the Level III maternity units, 156 (31.8%) lived. There were 54 (24.4%) survivors among the 221 infants born elsewhere; all these survivors were included in the group of 105 babies who had been transferred after birth to Level III neonatal units. Although only 25.5% of all births for the State occurred in the Level III maternity hospitals, 69% of all infants who weighed between 500 g and 999 g at birth were delivered in these hospitals. The transfer of the mother or the new born baby to a Level III unit was possible in an additional 48 cases. Although survival rates from Level III hospitals may possibly improve in the future, the shortage of ventilator beds remains a practical obstacle. PMID- 6621465 TI - Inhaled foreign bodies in children. AB - We review a series of 115 children who attended the Royal Children's Hospital in Melbourne between 1979 and 1982 with the diagnosis of inhalation of a foreign body, or in whom a foreign body was found at bronchoscopy. Children between the ages of one and three years were the most commonly affected (75%) and boys outnumbered girls in the ratio 3:2. In 16% of cases the child did not present until more than one week after inhaling the foreign body. A peanut was the most common foreign body found (52% of cases), and it seems that many parents are still unaware that peanut ingestion can be hazardous in very young children. PMID- 6621466 TI - Acetylcholine receptor antibody in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. AB - The acetylcholine receptor (AchR) antibody assay has a key role in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. In this article, the role of AchR antibody assay in the diagnosis of ocular and generalized myasthenia gravis is reviewed, and compared to standard means of diagnosing the disease by clinical and electrophysiological methods. PMID- 6621467 TI - Microbiological and immunological aspects of oral disease. PMID- 6621469 TI - Into the second 70 years. PMID- 6621468 TI - Psychosis after withdrawal of steroid therapy. AB - We report a case of schizophreniform illness, which occurred after the withdrawal of steroid therapy. Despite the withdrawal of steroids, the patient's illness persisted and she required symptomatic treatment with phenothiazines and electroconvulsive therapy. The specific role of steroids in the causation of these illnesses is not clear, and may have implications for the aetiology of schizophrenia. Cases such as this have been reported only rarely in the literature. PMID- 6621470 TI - Self-monitoring of blood glucose levels in "maturity-onset" (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6621471 TI - Hyperthyroxinaemia in thyroxine-treated patients. PMID- 6621472 TI - The nation's health. Goals for 1988. PMID- 6621473 TI - Immunization non-compliance. Time for action. PMID- 6621474 TI - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome. PMID- 6621475 TI - Laboratory confirmation of rhinocerebral mucormycosis. PMID- 6621476 TI - Oestrogen receptors. PMID- 6621477 TI - Falls from high bridges. PMID- 6621478 TI - Herbicides and teratogenesis. PMID- 6621479 TI - Hepatic hydatid disease presenting as pancreatitis. PMID- 6621480 TI - What the intern did in 1982. PMID- 6621481 TI - First, do no harm. PMID- 6621483 TI - Effect of oral intake of thyroxine on results of thyroid function tests in patients receiving thyroid replacement therapy. AB - To investigate the effect of orally administered thyroxine on thyroid function tests, serial thyroid function tests were performed in 29 patients receiving maintenance thyroxine replacement therapy. The results showed that plasma thyroxine levels rose significantly in most subjects after an oral dose of thyroxine. The patients who had the largest rise had high basal levels and were taking a higher mean replacement dose of thyroxine. This increase may move a patient's thyroxine level from within the reference range to the abnormal range if blood is taken soon after thyroxine ingestion. PMID- 6621482 TI - Effect of food on cefaclor bioavailability in children. PMID- 6621484 TI - Australian risk factor prevalence. PMID- 6621485 TI - Cyst and host tissue concentrations of mebendazole in patients undergoing surgery for hydatid disease. AB - Mebendazole levels were assayed by high performance liquid chromatographic assay in plasma, host tissues, and hydatid material taken from four patients who underwent surgery for hydatid disease. The drug was absorbed and had penetrated both into the host and into the parasite material. The levels of the drug in viable hydatid cysts were much lower than those in dead cysts. The possibility of exclusion or detoxification of the drug by viable hydatid cysts is raised. PMID- 6621486 TI - Hydatid disease in Australia. Prevention, clinical presentation, and treatment. PMID- 6621487 TI - Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases in Pacific Island nations. Prospects and constraints. AB - The non-communicable diseases, which include hypertension, diabetes (adult onset type), coronary heart disease, chronic bronchitis and certain cancers (especially those of the lung and bowel) are major public health problems in the adult populations of many Pacific nations undergoing "modernization" of their way of life. Programmes for the prevention and control of these conditions have become more feasible in the Pacific in recent years because of increased awareness of the magnitude and the nature of the problem, and because of important conceptual breakthroughs. Primary prevention will play a cardinal role in such programmes. Secondary prevention, using a conventional therapeutic approach through the primary care system, will also be used, especially for hypertension. Prevention and control programmes against these diseases in the Pacific are in the process of development, and the prospects and constraints in each country will have to be individually and carefully assessed. PMID- 6621488 TI - Hydrocephalus and hypothalamic dysfunction in a young woman. PMID- 6621489 TI - Effect of diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate (NKK-105) and phenobarbital on fatty acid composition of liver microsomes. PMID- 6621490 TI - Malignant hemangioendothelioma of the heart--report of a case and review of the literature. PMID- 6621491 TI - An autoregression analyzing method of the flow-pressure characteristics of surgical face masks. PMID- 6621492 TI - The inhibition of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase by trimethaphan--a comparison with that of pseudocholinesterase. PMID- 6621493 TI - [The kinetics of the week-end excretion of mandelic acid in female workers exposed to styrene]. PMID- 6621495 TI - [Bad work posture and the pathology of the locomotor system]. PMID- 6621494 TI - [Rare-earth pneumoconiosis]. PMID- 6621496 TI - [Risks connected with the use of laser printers]. PMID- 6621497 TI - [Pathology caused by dimethylformamide: study of 14 cases]. PMID- 6621498 TI - Microscopic haematuria and erythrocyte count on sediment of spot urine samples in the surveillance of workers exposed to aromatic amines. PMID- 6621499 TI - [Blood lead values in women at the end of pregnancy and in their newborn infants]. PMID- 6621500 TI - [Use of a method in atomic absorption spectrophotometry with Zeeman effect for the determination of blood lead]. PMID- 6621501 TI - Influenza prevention for 1983-1984. PMID- 6621502 TI - An expanded pneumococcal vaccine. PMID- 6621503 TI - Safe blood for transfusion. PMID- 6621504 TI - Guanadrel (Hylorel)--a new antihypertensive drug. PMID- 6621505 TI - New topical antifungal drugs. PMID- 6621506 TI - [Food and contamination]. PMID- 6621507 TI - [Hospitalization of the child: new doubts on an old problem]. PMID- 6621508 TI - [Vitamin deficiency: a current problem?]. PMID- 6621509 TI - [Morphologic and histochemical study of the intestinal mucosa in celiac disease. Leucine aminopeptidase behavior in gluten intolerance]. PMID- 6621510 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy of the small intestine in patients with gluten intolerance, celiac disease, giardiasis, lymphangiectasis]. PMID- 6621511 TI - [Treatment of adiposity in Prader-Labhart-Willi syndrome]. PMID- 6621512 TI - [Recent prospects in the use of new antibiotics in childhood]. PMID- 6621513 TI - Phormia regina myiasis in a malignant wound. PMID- 6621514 TI - Hmong refugees in Minnesota. Characteristics and self perceptions. PMID- 6621515 TI - Enzyme induction and modulation. PMID- 6621516 TI - Activation of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase by cryoprotectants. PMID- 6621519 TI - Aurintricarboxilic acid as a tool for investigating the template-bound and unbound forms of RNA polymerase I in permeabilized cells. AB - The presence of template-bound and unbound RNA polymerase I in permeabilized cells was investigated. The two enzyme forms were defined on the basis of their different susceptibilities towards aurintricarboxilic acid (ATA). It was found that addition of ATA to permeabilized cells suppresses initiation of new RNA chains by RNA polymerase I but has no effect on the activity of the enzyme already engaged in transcription. This last activity is not affected even after washing the permeabilized cells for removal of the ATA. The RNA polymerase I activity solubilized from permeabilized cells pre-treated with ATA is 60-70% of that obtained from non-treated controls. The decrease of the solubilized enzyme activity was observed after purification of the enzymes by DEAE-Sephadex columns and cannot be attributed to the presence of inhibitory or activating factors in the enzyme preparations. The simplest interpretation of these findings is that two distinct RNA polymerase I fractions, showing different sensitivities towards ATA are present in permeabilized cells. These fractions should represent the template-bound and unbound RNA polymerase I. The results also show that the amount of ATA-insensitive activity is lower in nuclei than in permeabilized cells, suggesting that detachment of template-bound enzyme occurs during nuclei isolation. PMID- 6621520 TI - [Conformation of aspartate aminotransferase in crystals]. AB - X-ray study of chicken cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase revealed conformational changes in the protein of two kinds: (1) a shift of the small domain adjacent to substrate-binding area due to interaction of the protein with two carboxyl groups of substrate and (2) a change in inclination of the coenzyme plane due to replacement of C = N bond of the coenzyme with Lys-258 by C = N bond with a substrate. An asymmetry in subunit behaviour is observed in both cases: the domain is shifted in one subunit and the coenzyme is rotated in other. Substrate-binding properties of each subunit are strictly dependent on the protein conformation in substrate-binding area. PMID- 6621518 TI - Regulation of expression of genes for enzymes of the mammalian urea cycle in permanent cell-culture lines of hepatic and non-hepatic origin. AB - We present here the results of investigations conducted by ourselves and others on the regulation of the expression of genes encoding the enzymes of the mammalian urea cycle as manifest in cultured cells of both hepatic and extrahepatic origin. Upon consideration of the recently discovered discrete non hepatic arginase genetic locus in man and our consequent hypothesis that the form of arginase thus transcribed in such extrahepatic cells functions principally in providing ornithine for protein anabolism and polyamine biosynthesis, rather than in detoxifying ammonia through urea formation, we have chosen instead to study permanent cell lines that are derived from liver and continue to perform a variety of hepatic functions in culture as experimental models for probing the molecular mechanisms underlying the control of ureagenesis within the mature liver cell. Of two such arginase-positive rat-hepatoma lines, we have characterized extensively in one (H4-II-E-C3) the mode of action of glucocorticoids in augmenting the cellular levels of this enzyme as well as of argininosuccinate synthetase. To this end, we have recently demonstrated that these stimulations are both mediated by binding of the hormones to classical cytoplasmic steroid receptors in a specific and saturable fashion and have thus concluded that the H4-II-E-C3 line will provide a suitable cell culture system for subsequent more detailed experiments from which the information garnered will continue to be relevant to the ureagenic pathway as modulated in the differentiated hepatocyte in vivo. PMID- 6621521 TI - [Conformational peculiarities of alternating polynucleotides poly [d(G-C).poly d(G-C)] and poly [d(A-T).poly [d(A-T)] by 1H to 3H exchange]. PMID- 6621517 TI - Modulation of functional activities in cultured rat hepatocytes. AB - Rat hepatocytes isolated by enzymatic dissociation of the liver must attach in order to survive for more than a few hours. In conventional culture conditions, they rapidly lose their highly differentiated functions, e.g. adult isozymic forms, enzyme response to specific hormones and cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase activities. Incompletely differentiated cells such as perinatal and regenerating hepatocytes, can transiently exhibit a more differentiated state. Therefore, regulation of hepatic functions, particularly enzyme activities cannot be studied for more than a few days. Hepatocyte survival rate and maintenance of specific functions are dependent on nutrient composition of the medium as well as the substrate. Complex matrices, particularly that derived from the connective liver biomatrix, appear to have an important favorable effect. However, regardless of culture conditions specific functions cannot be quantitatively maintained for more than several days. Recent observations strongly suggest that such a problem may be overcome by mimicking in vivo specific cell-cell interactions. Thus when co-cultured with a liver epithelial cell line, probably derived from biliary ductular cells, adult hepatocytes remain able to synthesize high levels of albumin and to conjugate drugs. In these conditions, the cells secrete an abundant heterogeneous extracellular material. The co-cultures can be maintained in a serum-free medium and specific liver functions can be altered experimentally. Such a model could be appropriate for studying long-term induction and modulation of liver enzyme activities under defined experimental conditions. PMID- 6621522 TI - [Comparative investigation of the dynamic conformational properties of human myeloma immunoglobulin G of different subclasses using impulse NMR]. AB - The evidence of the intramolecular flexibility of human myeloma immunoglobulin G belonging to the second, third and fourth subclasses has been obtained using the impulse NMR method. It has been found that the degree of intramolecular flexibility for the myeloma immunoglobulin G belonging to the first subclass decreases significantly by cooling from 37 to 10 degrees. PMID- 6621523 TI - [Polarization of intrinsic fluorescence of proteins. III. Intramolecular submobility of tryptophan residues]. AB - It is found that for nearly all the proteins under study, the value of 1/P0', cut off on the ordinate by the extrapolation of the dependencies 1/P = f(T/eta . /tau B), is larger than the value of 1/P0 for model compounds--tryptophan, N acetyltryptophan, glycyl-tryptophan. It is shown, that this may indicate the existence both of high-frequence intramolecular mobility, with the relaxation time rho much less than tau, and low-frequency intramolecular mobility the magnitude rho of which is of the same order as tau, independent on the medium viscosity. This peculiarity in the interpretation of the data, received by the method of rotational depolarization of UV-fluorescence of proteins arises because some tryptophan residues within the macromolecules of proteins are not accessible to the molecules of the solvent and that is why the rotational relaxation time of their intramolecular mobility is not dependent on the viscosity of the solvent. It is indicated that intramolecular mobility is inherent in tryptophan residues both with short wave and long wave spectrum of UV-fluorescence. The relaxation time, measured by the method of fluorescence depolarization, appeared to be smaller than that calculated for the short axe of an equivalent ellipsoid of revolution for a series of proteins (lysozyme, trypsin, pepsin, bovin serum albumin in acid medium, myelin basic protein). This indicates the existence of intramolecular mobility the magnitude rho of which is of the same order as tau dependent on the solvent viscosity in these proteins. Zymogens--trypsinogen and pepsinogen do not have such intramolecular mobilities. PMID- 6621524 TI - [Evolutionary interrelationship of histones H1 and H5 in vertebrates]. AB - Lysine-rich histones of some amphibians and fishes were studied. Electrophoretically purified subfractions were cleaved at residues of tyrosine, methionine, aspartic acid and phenylalanine. The fragments thus obtained were investigated by the method of incomplete succinylation which permitted us to determine the number of lysine residues, positive charge in acid conditions and molecular lengths of polypeptides. It was found that in anura and shark the fraction H1a resembled the histone 5 of birds in its N-terminal half part of the molecule. However this fraction proved to be non-tissue-specific. Other histone 1 fractions characteristic for vertebrates were represented in the present study by molecular variant H1s which was different from H1a fraction by the number and position of tyrosine, methionine and aspartic acid residues. The erythrocyte specific fraction of the lysine rich histone was found in the following families of fishes: Salmonidae, Percidae and Cyprinidae. A high degree of homology in the structure of N-terminal half of H1s and histone 5 of fishes has been observed. On the basis of these results we propose a hypothesis of the independent origin of the avian and fish H5 from different fractions of H1. PMID- 6621525 TI - [Verification of Forster's concept of inductive-resonance energy transfer for the tryptophanyl-pyrene pair]. AB - The mechanism of quenching to tryptophan fluorescence was studied for a number of proteins and membranes of sarcoplasmic reticulum. The inductive-resonance energy transfer from tryptophanyls to pyrene was shown to be absent though all the necessary and sufficient Forster's conditions were met. The quenching proceeds by a dynamic mechanism. The quenching efficiency characterises the sterical accessibility of tryptophanyls for pyrene. The simultaneously observed rise of luminescence of the quencher is trivial. It was concluded that measuring intermolecular distances and defining protein conformational states using Forster's theory is wrong in case of the tryptophany-pyrene pair. PMID- 6621526 TI - [Unfolding of nucleosome cores induced by chemical acetylation of histones]. AB - Relative accessibility of nucleosomal histones to acetic anhydride during acetylation has been studied as a function of concentration, pH and ionic strength of the solution using high-resolution gel-electrophoresis. It was shown that about 80% of lysine residues in nucleosomal histones and 100% of the same residues in histone complexes without DNA in 2 M NaCl are accessible to the modification, which is proved by the localization of the majority of lysine residues in nucleosomes near the surface of the histone octamer, by their participation in ionic interactions with DNA and, probably, in histone-histone contacts. Gel-electrophoretic experiments with nucleosomes and studies of the histone resistance to mild trypsinolysis indicated that neither nucleosomes themselves nor histone octamers are affected even though 50% of lysine residues in histones have been acetylated. The process of acetylation is accompanied by the growing tendency of histones to participate in mild trypsinolysis and by a gradual decline in electrophoretic mobility and in the value of the sedimentation constant. The circular dichroism spectra and the microscopic appearance of nucleosomes are also markedly changed. These results suggest that a gradual unfolding of nucleosomes occurs when 5 or more lysine residues in the nucleosomal histones have been acetylated. PMID- 6621527 TI - [Binding of ions of trivalent iron with DNA]. AB - The DNA helix-coil transition in nonbuffer solutions of Fe(NO3)3 was studied. Calculation of the ionic equilibrium indicated that in these solutions iron exists in the form of mono-, bi- or trivalent hydroxide, the formation of which decreases pH. A component of the DNA thermal stability variation associated with DNA binding to iron ions was calculated. An increase in the iron contents produces an increase in the melting range which was determined by a rise in the melting end temperature when binding the ions with phosphates and a drop in the melting beginning temperature when binding to DNA bases. A main contribution to the former effect is made by [Fe2(OH)3]3+ ions and to the latter effect by [FeOH]2+ ions. The constants of ion binding are higher for bases than for phosphates. Differential UV spectra of native and denatured DNA due to iron ions were measured. Calculations of conformation and coordination components of these spectra show that G-C pairs are one of the possible sites of iron ion binding with DNA. PMID- 6621528 TI - Regulation of tubulin and actin mRNA production in rat brain: expression of a new beta-tubulin mRNA with development. AB - The expression of alpha-tubulin, beta-tubulin, and actin mRNA during rat brain development has been examined by using specific cDNA clones and in vitro translation techniques. During brain maturation (0 to 80 days postnatal), these mRNA species undergo a significant decrease in abundance. The kinetics of this decrease varies between the cerebrum and the cerebellum. These mRNAs are most abundant in both tissues during week 1 postnatal, each representing 10 to 15% of total mRNA activity. Both alpha- and beta-tubulin mRNA content decreases by 90 to 95% in the cerebrum after day 11 postnatal, and 70 to 80% decreases in the cerebellum after day 16. Actin sequences also decrease but to a lesser extent in both tissues (i.e., 50%). These decreases coincide with the major developmental morphological changes (i.e., neurite extension) occurring during this postnatal period. These studies have also identified the appearance of a new 2.5-kilobase beta-tubulin mRNA species, which is more predominant in the cerebellar cytoplasm. The appearance of this form occurs at a time when the major 1.8-kilobase beta tubulin mRNA levels are declining. The possibility that the tubulin multigene family is phenotypically expressed and then this expression responds to the morphological state of the nerve cells is discussed. PMID- 6621529 TI - Industrial yeasts display tandem gene iteration at the CUP1 region. AB - The gene copy number at the CUP1 locus and the resistance level to external copper was directly correlated in five wild-type commercial Saccharomyces strains. An increased copy number of the CUP1 gene leads to increased accumulation of chelatin mRNA, which codes for a low-molecular-weight, copper binding protein. The enhanced production of this rapidly inducible protein mediates resistance of the cell to copper. Industrial yeasts exhibit homologies to the amplified copper resistance repeat unit found in laboratory strains. However, the extent of tandem iteration is strain dependent, and the repetitious unit is either 1.7 or 1.5 kilobases in length compared with the 2.0-kilobase unit in laboratory strains. Strain 522 (Montrachet) contains two chromosome VIII segments distinguishable by their numbers of repeat units (2 and 11) and the size of the units (1.5 and 1.7 kilobases). Distillers yeast 513 carries a 1.5-kilobase repeat unit on each homologous chromosome, although they contain nine and five iterations, respectively. PMID- 6621530 TI - Methylation and rearrangement of mouse intracisternal a particle genes in development, aging, and myeloma. AB - Sequences of DNA that hybridize on Southern blots with cloned intracisternal A particle (IAP) sequences have been examined in genomic DNAs of neonatal mice, livers of adult mice (3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 26 months old), and the solid myeloma tumor MOPC-315. The isoschizomers HpaII (CCGG or mCCGG) and MspI (CCGG or CmCGG) were used to assess methylation. All the DNAs produced a major 0.5-kilobase MspI fragment that hybridizes with IAP probe. Only the myeloma DNA, and to a much lesser degree DNA from senescent mouse liver, produced this fragment in HpaII digest; the other DNAs all had IAP sequences resistant to HpaII digestion. These sequences thus become fully methylated to CmCGG early and remain so in adult life, except in the myeloma cells that are expressing the IAP genes. An increase in MspI-sensitive sites in IAP gene-containing DNA was observed in aging mice. The probe used to assess methylation, a 0.8-kilobase fragment produced by BamHI HindIII double digestion, is common to several cloned IAP genes and is part of a region of DNA which is conserved in genomes of all mouse tissues. The probe hybridized to 1.5- and 1.4-kilobase doublet bands produced by BamHI, HindIII, and EcoRI triple digestions of neonatal DNA. These two bands were found in neonatal livers of Swiss Webster, BALB/c, and C57BL/6J mouse strains, showed less in adult liver, and were barely detectable in senescent livers from C57BL/6J mice. PMID- 6621531 TI - Accommodation of pyrimidine dimers during replication of UV-damaged simian virus 40 DNA. AB - UV irradiation of simian virus 40-infected cells at fluences between 20 and 60 J/m2, which yield one to three pyrimidine dimers per simian virus 40 genome, leads to a fluence-dependent progressive decrease in simian virus 40 DNA replication as assayed by incorporation of [3H]deoxyribosylthymine into viral DNA. We used a variety of biochemical and biophysical techniques to show that this decrease is due to a block in the progression of replicative-intermediate molecules to completed form I molecules, with a concomitant decrease in the entry of molecules into the replicating pool. Despite this UV-induced inhibition of replication, some pyrimidine dimer-containing molecules become fully replicated after UV irradiation. The fraction of completed molecules containing dimers goes up with time such that by 3 h after a UV fluence of 40 J/m2, more than 50% of completed molecules contain pyrimidine dimers. We postulate that the cellular replication machinery can accommodate limited amounts of UV-induced damage and that the progressive decrease in simian virus 40 DNA synthesis after UV irradiation is due to the accumulation in the replication pool of blocked molecules containing levels of damage greater than that which can be tolerated. PMID- 6621532 TI - Evidence for a phosphorylated form of calmodulin in chicken brain and muscle. AB - Phosphocalmodulin (PCaM) was identified after analysis of calmodulin (CaM) preparations by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis by using a modified ampholyte system to resolve very acidic proteins. The analysis of CaM prepared by the conventional procedure based upon its heat resistance and acidity as well as the analysis of whole urea extracts from brain showed that PCaM was a major component in this tissue. PCaM was 1 pH unit more acidic than CaM, and its electrophoretic mobility, unlike CaM, was not changed by either calcium or ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N-tetraacetic acid. In urea extracts of brain prepared in buffers containing phosphate and sodium fluoride, PCaM was as prominent as CaM; it was partially converted into CaM after elution from the gel and reelectrophoresis. Amino acid analysis of PCaM and CaM purified by two dimensional gel electrophoresis showed the same composition for the two proteins, including their trimethyllysine content. Incorporation of 32P occurred exclusively into the acidic variant when brain slices were incubated with H332PO4; amino acid analysis showed that the phosphate was bound to serine residues. CaM was found also to be phosphorylated in vitro by a phosphorylase kinase preparation from skeletal muscle. PMID- 6621533 TI - The level of expression of the rat growth hormone gene in liver tumor cells is at least eight orders of magnitude less than that in anterior pituitary cells. AB - Rat liver hepatoma cells (HTC) which express liver-specific gene products were assayed for the expression of the rat growth hormone (rGH) gene, which is normally expressed in anterior pituitary somatotrophs. The combination of immunoprecipitation and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis provided a highly sensitive assay for rGH synthesis at levels as low as one part in 10(9) of cell protein synthesis (or four molecules of rGH per cell). No rGH expression was detected at this level. The lack of expression in HTC cells did not derive from a deletion of the rGH gene, as shown by Southern hybridization analysis of genomic DNA. Because the gene is expressed at greater than 30% of anterior pituitary protein synthesis, differentiation regulated rGH expression by over 10(8)-fold between the two cell types. Additionally, DNA-excess solution hybridization was used to measure the level of rGH mRNA sequences. A novel and general method for preparing single-strand probes from recombinant plasmids was developed. Hybridization analyses with a sensitivity of detection of 1 part in 10(8) failed to detect any rGH RNA sequences in either the nucleus or cytoplasm of HTC cells. It is concluded, therefore, that the restriction in rGH expression in the liver tumor cells is likely to occur at the level of the transcription of the gene, and that for all practical purposes, the rGH gene is completely shut off in the hepatoma cells. PMID- 6621534 TI - Platelet-derived growth factor-modulated translatable mRNAs. AB - The treatment of density-arrested BALB/c 3T3 cells with electrophoretically homogeneous or highly purified preparations of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulated the rapid and selective accumulation of several species of abundant mRNA identified by cell-free translation. These translatable mRNAs appeared long before entry into the S phase. Less PDGF was required for selective mRNA accumulation than for PDGF-modulated DNA synthesis. The translatable mRNAs also accumulated after addition of the epidermal growth factor but not after addition of insulin or platelet-poor plasma. Their selective accumulation was blocked by addition of actinomycin D. Three classes of PDGF-modulated mRNAs were defined. An early (primary) RNA appeared within 30 to 60 min of PDGF addition; its accumulation was not blocked by cycloheximide. Another early mRNA also appeared within 60 min, but treatment with both PDGF and cycloheximide was required for optimal accumulation. A third class, secondary RNAs, began to accumulate later at 90 to 120 min; the appearance of this class was inhibited by cycloheximide. One- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of translation products demonstrated that a spontaneously transformed BALB/c 3T3 (ST2-3T3) cell line, which does not require PDGF or epidermal growth factor for growth, constitutively accumulated the secondary growth factor-regulated mRNAs. The accumulation of these translatable mRNAs may be required for PDGF-modulated DNA synthesis. PMID- 6621536 TI - Location of the initial cleavage sites in mouse pre-rRNA. AB - The locations of three cleavages that can occur in mouse 45S pre-rRNA were determined by Northern blot hybridization and S1 nuclease mapping techniques. These experiments indicate that an initial cleavage of 45S pre-rRNA can directly generate the mature 5' terminus of 18S rRNA. Initial cleavage of 45S pre-rRNA can also generate the mature 5' terminus of 5.8S rRNA, but in this case cleavage can occur at two different locations, one at the known 5' terminus of 5.8S rRNA and another 6 or 7 nucleotides upstream. This pattern of cleavage results in the formation of cytoplasmic 5.8S rRNA with heterogeneous 5' termini. Further, our results indicate that one pathway for the formation of the mature 5' terminus of 28S rRNA involves initial cleavages within spacer sequences followed by cleavages which generate the mature 5' terminus of 28S rRNA. Comparison of these different patterns of cleavage for mouse pre-rRNA with that for Escherichia coli pre-rRNA implies that there are fundamental differences in the two processing mechanisms. Further, several possible cleavage signals have been identified by comparing the cleavage sites with the primary and secondary structure of mouse rRNA (see W. E. Goldman, G. Goldberg, L. H. Bowman, D. Steinmetz, and D. Schlessinger, Mol. Cell. Biol. 3:1488-1500, 1983). PMID- 6621535 TI - Mouse rDNA: sequences and evolutionary analysis of spacer and mature RNA regions. AB - Two regions of mouse rDNA were sequenced. One contained the last 323 nucleotides of the external transcribed spacer and the first 595 nucleotides of 18S rRNA; the other spanned the entire internal transcribed spacer and included the 3' end of 18S rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and the 5' end of 28S rRNA. The mature rRNA sequences are very highly conserved from yeast to mouse (unit evolutionary period, the time required for a 1% divergence of sequence, was 30 X 10(6) to 100 X 10(6) years). In 18S rRNA, at least some of the evolutionary expansion and increase in G + C content is due to a progressive accretion of discrete G + C-rich insertions. Spacer sequence comparisons between mouse and rat rRNA reveal much more extensive and frequent insertions and substitutions of G + C-rich segments. As a result, spacers conserve overall G + C richness but not sequence (UEP, 0.3 X 10(6) years) or specific base-paired stems. Although no stems analogous to those bracketing 16S and 23S rRNA in Escherichia coli pre-rRNA are evident, certain features of the spacer regions flanking eucaryotic mature rRNAs are conserved and could be involved in rRNA processing or ribosome formation. These conserved regions include some short homologous sequence patterns and closely spaced direct repeats. PMID- 6621537 TI - Different mRNAs have different nuclear transit times in Dictyostelium discoideum aggregates. AB - Nuclear processing of mRNA precursors in differentiating multicellular Dictyostelium discoideum aggregates is markedly slower than in growing amoebae. Thus, we have been able to determine the time of nuclear processing of individual mRNA species in postaggregating cells by following the incorporation of 32PO4 into nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA complementary to cloned cDNAs. Precursors of mRNAs synthesized during both growth and differentiation remain in the nucleus for about 25 to 60 min. By contrast, typical mRNAs which are synthesized only by postaggregative cells have nuclear processing times between 50 and 100 min. Depending on the particular mRNA, between 20 and 60% of nuclear transcripts are converted into cytoplasmic mRNA. A third class of mRNAs are transcribed from a set of repetitive DNA segments and are expressed predominantly during differentiation. Nuclear precursors of these mRNAs are extensively degraded within the nucleus or very rapidly after transport to the cytoplasm. Those sequences that are stable in the cytoplasm exit from the nucleus only after a lag of over 2 h. Thus, mRNAs encoded by different genes that are subject to different types of developmental controls display different times of transit to the cytoplasm and different efficiencies of nuclear processing. Differential nuclear processing may contribute to the regulation of the level of individual cytoplasmic mRNAs. PMID- 6621538 TI - Tumor-promoting phorbol esters inhibit procollagen synthesis at a pretranslational level in JB-6 mouse epidermal cells. AB - Collagen synthesis was inhibited in JB-6 mouse epidermal cells after exposure to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate under conditions leading to irreversible neoplastic transformation. In vitro translation and hybridization studies demonstrated a dramatic decrease in collagen mRNA in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate-treated cells, suggesting that the inhibition of collagen synthesis in response to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate is due to regulation at a pretranslational level. PMID- 6621539 TI - Analysis of transcription during the cell cycle in toluenized Chlamydomonas reinhardi cells. AB - A toluene-permeabilized cell system was established to examine the transcription of certain RNAs regulated during the cell cycle in Chlamydomonas reinhardi. The incorporation of [alpha-32P]UTP into RNA which hybridizes to specific cloned cDNA, such as beta-tubulin, indicates that the cell cycle pattern of RNA accumulation may be controlled, in part, by differential transcription. PMID- 6621540 TI - Interaction of C3 and C3b with immunoglobulin G. AB - Human C3b as well as native C3 were found to bind to solid phase human and rabbit IgG. Haemolytically active C3 had significantly higher binding capacity to IgG than the C3b fragment. Inhibition experiments proved that C3 and C3b have common binding sites on the Fab and Fc part of the IgG molecule but the character of these binding sites was different. As a functional consequence of C3-IgG interaction, C3 binding was found to inhibit the specific precipitation of an IgG antibody preparation. PMID- 6621542 TI - Nuclear proteins associated with gene expression in mouse plasmacytoma cell lines. AB - Nucleoplasmic and non-histone chromatin proteins from two unrelated and four related mouse plasmacytoma cell lines have been analysed by biosynthetic labelling with [35S]-methionine followed by one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. We have attempted to find a relationship between the patterns of nuclear proteins and gene expression in mutant plasmacytoma cell lines. The majority of nuclear proteins are common to all of the cell lines studied as would be expected if the majority of nuclear proteins are concerned with functions common to all plasma cells. There are, however, both qualitative and quantitative differences in the nuclear protein patterns of mutant and parent cell lines which appear to correlate with differences in gene expression. The turnover of nuclear proteins in two of the cell lines, MOPC 315.40 (IgA producer) and MOPC 315.32 (lambda 2 chain producer) was studied using pulse-chase techniques. PMID- 6621541 TI - Distinctive subpopulations of catfish serum antibody and immunoglobulin. AB - High molecular weight antibodies and immunoglobulin of the channel catfish were found to be composed of heterogeneous mixtures of covalent subpopulations. Although these proteins appeared tetrameric in physiological buffers (mol. wt approximately 700,000), molecular weight estimates in the presence of the detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate indicated that they dissociated into eight distinct subpopulations. Each dissociative subpopulation was found to be stable under the conditions of electrophoretic analysis, and furthermore each was apparently composed of equimolar H and L chains. Based upon relative mobilities it seems probable that the catfish antibody was composed of various combinations of covalent linkages between covalently-linked H-L chain pairs, i.e. 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1. Further studies suggest the presence of size heterogeneity in catfish light chains. Whether or not this distinction represents isotypic L chain differences is not yet known but these findings coupled with the complex architecture of the physiological tetramer suggest an unusual and previously unappreciated level of complexity present in fish antibody. PMID- 6621543 TI - The AMDP-System in pharmacopsychiatry. PMID- 6621544 TI - Comparison between AMDP and EWL-K ratings in schizophrenic patients. PMID- 6621546 TI - Rater training for the use of psychiatric rating scales: recommendations for the AMDP-System. PMID- 6621545 TI - Classification analysis of depression through AMDP-4. PMID- 6621547 TI - Particular aspects of the interrater reliability of the AMDP Psychopathology Scale. PMID- 6621548 TI - Interrater reliability of AMDP and AMP symptoms. PMID- 6621549 TI - Interrater reliability of the French AMDP Psychopathology Scale: a new measurement in single cases. PMID- 6621551 TI - The AMDP and NCDEU/BLIPS systems: similarities and differences. PMID- 6621550 TI - Validity of the AMP-System for its use in clinical psychopharmacology. PMID- 6621552 TI - Foreign adaptations of the AMDP-System. PMID- 6621553 TI - Adaptations of the AMDP-System. PMID- 6621554 TI - AMDP anamnestic data: foundations, structure and functions. PMID- 6621555 TI - The psychopathological background of the AMDP-System. PMID- 6621556 TI - AMDP information-processing systems. PMID- 6621557 TI - Diagnostic classification based on the AMDP-System. PMID- 6621558 TI - Syndromes and scales in the AMP-System. PMID- 6621559 TI - The syndrome scales in the AMDP-System. PMID- 6621561 TI - [Local effect of various fluoridation substances]. AB - The topical fluoride application is a caries-preventive treatment. The fluoride uptake in surface and subsurface sound human enamel differs, depending on the fluoride preparation. Fluoride tablets, solutions, gels, tooth pastes and varnishes are widely used as anticaries agents. The rate of fluoride uptake by the surface enamel from three different fluoride applications (sodium fluoride, amine fluoride and fluorosilicate) was determined. When enamel war treated with amine fluoride the highest and most stable fluoride concentrations were obtained. PMID- 6621560 TI - [Cow's milk protein intolerance, the search for the antigen continues]. AB - Cow's milk protein intolerance is one of the most common causes of food intolerances in early infancy. The clinical picture of the disease varies tremendously, and the diagnosis is based on clinical criteria alone, because the nature of the antigen is still unknown. Thus macromolecular uptake has been demonstrated depending on the age and maturity of the intestinal mucosa. However it remains to be established where the antigen is absorbed and how it is taken up. The seize and the conformation of the molecule which comes in contact with immunocompetent cells needs to be determined. The role of sIgA is unclear in man but it has been proposed that secretory antibodies to food antigens facilitate digestion by holding oligopeptides in contact with proteases at the intestinal epithelium. The composition of milk varies depending on the region and the breed of cows. In addition milk proteins differ from breed to breed. The determination of antibodies, immunocomplexes and specific IgE antibodies using RAST give inconstant results. Intestinal biopsies can demonstrate unspecific structural changes of the mucosa but they cannot be used as diagnostic tool. PMID- 6621562 TI - [Water loss from the skin of preterm and newborn infants under phototherapy with standard-blue-light]. AB - Water loss from the skin of 15 term and preterm newborn infants (gestational age 27-40 weeks; birth weight 670 g to 3,130 g) was measured using the Evaporimeter method. All babies were treated with standard-blue-light-phototherapy on their first days after birth. The mean value, calculated by a special graphic method (approximation), was 14.3 ml H2O/kg . 24 h (8.8 g H2O/m2 . h) in babies weighing greater than 1,900 g. Below this birth weight the rate of water loss increased markedly up to ten-fold. Altogether there were no critical water losses under phototherapy with standard blue light when only one side of the patient's body was radiated. The values under blue light were a little higher than under daylight-white-phototherapy. PMID- 6621563 TI - [Clinical findings and treatment of paraquat poisoning in childhood]. AB - Two of three children with Paraquat poisoning were treated with hemoperfusion. All patients survived. One patient had an acute renal failure after the intoxication. A percutaneous poisoning is discussed in one child with large skin necrosis after direct contact with Paraquat. An irreversible lung fibrosis did not set in. The prognosis for a patient with Paraquat intoxication depends on a speedy and consistent detoxication from both the bowel and from the blood by hemoperfusion. This is the only way to survive the acute intoxication and to avoid lung fibrosis, that would lead to death. PMID- 6621564 TI - [Hypoparathyroidism in hypomagnesemia]. AB - Tetany was observed in a 18 months old girl, suffering from severe diarrhea. Even continuous iv calcium administration did not prevent tetanic spasms. Further evaluation revealed hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, and functional hypoparathyroidism. Administration of MgSO4 normalized serum levels of Mg and raised iPTH levels; tetany subsided. Serum calcium and P levels were normalized later. The pathogenesis of hypocalcemia secondary to magnesium deficiency might be a functional hypoparathyroidism as well as an endorgan-resistance to PTH. PMID- 6621565 TI - [Vitamin D activity of human milk. Current knowledge]. PMID- 6621566 TI - [Current status and future outlook of pediatrics in West Germany]. PMID- 6621567 TI - [Developmental trends in child and adolescent psychiatry]. PMID- 6621568 TI - [Adolescent medicine. Propositions for West Germany based on experiences in Finland]. PMID- 6621569 TI - [Care of severely asphyctic preterm and term infants]. AB - We present a complex monitoring procedure for preterm and term infants with severe perinatal asphyxia and/or shock. It includes arterial and central venous catheters and occasionally a pulmonary artery catheter. The monitoring system provides rapid information on a number of parameters which can be used to improve the quality of ventilation and drug treatment. Therapy induced side effects are more rapidly detected and corrected. Handling of the baby is reduced and thereby the otherwise resulting increase in blood pressure and ensuing danger of cerebral hemorrhage. PMID- 6621570 TI - [Glucocorticosteroids and membrane stabilization]. AB - Fluorescence staining of white blood cells with Pseudoisocyanine as well as the demonstration of strongly granulated granulocytes after incubation of the blood sample with benzene are the preconditions for the evaluation of the protective effect of glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids can partly abolish the cytotoxic effect of phospholipase C und endotoxin. PMID- 6621571 TI - [Significance of longitudinal analysis for the evaluation of early detection studies in childhood]. AB - In 1971, the first preventive examination programme for children up to 4 years of age was started in the Federal Republic of Germany; in 1977 followed a completely revised programme. However, even with this altered documentation a longitudinal analysis is not feasible. An effective evaluation should yield the following results: 1. Assessment of the success through differentiated recording of sufficiently early recognized health disorders and treatment effects. 2. Availability of reliable, regional and nation-wide statistics on incidence and prevalence. 3. An estimate of the number of health professionals required. - These aims can be achieved only by a longitudinal record linkage of the data on individuals of a sufficiently large random sample. For this purpose a revised data-sheet is presented. In addition, specific suggestions are made for longitudinal evaluations. PMID- 6621572 TI - [Congenital nesidioblastosis. Successful treatment with total pancreatectomy]. AB - A 6,410 g newborn baby suffered from severe hypoglycemia despite therapy with high doses of diazoxide and glucagon as well as intravenous application of glucose. There was no persistent response of blood glucose to continuous infusion of somatostatin. A 85% pancreatectomy was performed at the age of 6 weeks, after biochemical findings had indicated hyperinsulinism. As the hypoglycemia reappeared postoperatively, the child underwent total pancreatectomy. Now, at the age of 9 months, the baby's growth and development is normal under substitution therapy with Pankreon and depot-insulin 0.2 U/kg/day. PMID- 6621573 TI - [Peritovenous shunt (Denver Shunt) in therapy resistant ascites in childhood]. AB - This paper describes a 14 year old girl with massive, intractable ascites. After implantation of a peritoneovenous shunting-system (Denver-Shunt) the ascites completely disappeared and the girl's state of health improved markedly. Although the surgical procedure is simple many problems may arise postoperatively which demand intensive monitoring. As there is almost no experience in childhood a shunting-system should only be employed if medical therapy has failed over a long period and respiration, mobility or nutrition of the child is considerably affected by the ascites. PMID- 6621574 TI - [Accidents of children: rules for their diagnosis, prevention and first aid]. PMID- 6621575 TI - [Measles vaccination in West Germany]. PMID- 6621576 TI - Statistical methods for in vitro cell survival assays. AB - Statistical methods are presented for estimating and comparing survival curves obtained from experiments in which cells are exposed in vitro to increasing doses of a DNA-damaging agent. These methods, which are applicable in a variety of cell survival assays, are illustrated in the evaluation of two sets of experiments in which the colony-forming ability of fibroblast cell lines from 9 muscular dystrophy patients and 17 normal individuals were studied after exposure to N methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). PMID- 6621577 TI - The use of a cloned bacterial gene to study mutation in mammalian cells. AB - The recombinant DNA molecule pSV2-gpt, which contains the bacterial gene coding for xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (XGPRT) activity, was introduced into a hamster cell line lacking the equivalent mammalian enzyme (HGPRT). Hamster cell sublines were found with stable expression of XGPRT activity and were used to study mutation of the integrated pSV2-gpt DNA sequence. Mutants were selected by their resistance to 6-thioguanine (TG) under optimal conditions which were found to be very similar to those for selection of HGPRT-deficient mutants of mammalian cells. The frequency of XGPRT-deficient mutants was increased by treatment with X-rays, ethyl methanesulphonate and ethyl nitrosourea. X-Ray induction of mutants increased approximately linearly with dose up to about 500 rad, but the frequency of mutants per rad was very much higher than that usually found for 'native' mammalian genes. However, still higher frequencies of mutation were found for the hamster HGPRT gene when it had been stably transferred into the same hamster cell line. It is suggested, therefore, that transferred DNA may integrate in sequences which are more 'reactive' than most of the genome. Cell free extracts of 10 TG-resistant mutants of XGPRT-proficient sublines showed no measurable XGPRT activity. High molecular weight DNA from XGPRT-proficient sublines used in the mutation studies hybridized with nick-translated pSV2-gpt DNA, showing two distinct bands when cut with the restriction enzyme Eco R1. This suggests that a single copy of pSV2-gpt DNA was integrated in these sublines. DNA from most spontaneous and mutagen-induced TG-resistant mutants had lost these two hybridizing bands, but one spontaneous mutant was found with rearranged pSV2-gpt sequence. PMID- 6621578 TI - Cytogenetic assays for mitotic poisons. The grasshopper embryo system for volatile liquids. AB - The present study demonstrates the usefulness of grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes) embryos for detecting mitotic arrest and anaphase abnormalities induced by volatile liquids. Eight compounds were tested with this system. Embryos in vivo (intact chorions) were suspended in sealed chambers and the agents, in various amounts, were placed on the bottom of the chambers. The agents, after evaporation, filled the ambient air in which the embryos respired. After a period of exposure, individual embryos were fixed for squash preparations to determine the mitotic index (MI) and the ratio of anaphases to metaphases (A/M). If an agent completely arrested mitosis at metaphase, the A/M ratio would be zero and the MI would be elevated if the agent does not prevent interphase cells from entering mitosis. Two common organic solvents, benzene and toluene, and two common anesthetics, halothane and chloroform, were found to be potent mitotic arrestants in the present system. Colchicine-like mitoses (c-mitoses) were observed in embryos after treatment of the above four agents; all of these agents except toluene were found to induce an accumulation of c-mitoses. Amyl acetate, 95% ethanol, deionized water, and camphor (in 10% ethanol) failed to show mitosis-arresting effects on the embryos. Abnormal anaphases with lagging chromosomes and multipolar spindles were observed in embryos which showed partial metaphase block after exposure to concentrations of benzene lower than that required for a complete block. Benzene, toluene, halothane, and chloroform have been implicated as teratogens and carcinogens, but are negative as mutagens, clastogens, and SCE inducers. Thus, the carcinogenic activity of these compounds appears to result from their action on cell division mechanisms. PMID- 6621580 TI - Heat-induced mutagen formation from creatine and fat-soluble constituents of food. PMID- 6621579 TI - Short-term tests for transplacentally active carcinogens. Induction of sister chromatid exchanges in foetal brain, lung and blood-forming cells by procarbazine and cyclophosphamide. AB - The induction of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) by cyclophosphamide (CP) and procarbazine (PC) in mouse granulocyte-macrophage precursor cells (GM cells) and erythroblasts from foetal liver, and cells from foetal brain and foetal lung has been measured. Agents were administered in vivo, and cells explanted into BrdUrd containing medium for 2 cell cycles in vitro (using specific growth-promoting substances where necessary) to determine SCE frequency. Tissue and cell-type differences in responses were observed, and it is concluded that the in vivo/in vitro transplacental SCE technique is a useful indicator of genotoxic effects of agents which are potential transplacental carcinogens. PMID- 6621581 TI - Identification of a mutagenic substance, in Rubia tinctorum L. (madder) root, as lucidin. AB - Mutagenicity of the extract from Rubia tinctorum L. (madder) root was demonstrated on Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA98. The active substance wa purified and characterized by TLC, UV spectrum, IR spectrum, mass spectrum and [1H]NMR spectrum. All the mutagenic activity of the extract from the root of Rubia tinctorum L. was due to lucidin (1,3-dihydroxy,2-hydroxymethyl-9, 10 anthraquinone). PMID- 6621582 TI - Mutagenicity testing of beta-asarone and commercial calamus drugs with Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 6621583 TI - SCEs induced by ionizing radiation are not the result of exchanges between homologous chromosomes. PMID- 6621584 TI - Cytogenetic effects of an alkyl-lysophospholipid derivative in human peripheral lymphocytes exposed in vitro and in vivo. AB - Chromosome analyses were carried out in human lymphocytes exposed to an antitumor alkyl-lysophospholipid (ALP) in vitro and in vivo. There was no evidence for a significant clastogenic effect or incidence of an increased sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) after short-term and long-term treatment of unstimulated or stimulated lymphocytes with concentrations of 0.1-50 micrograms ALP per ml. Cell proliferation was delayed after G0 exposure to 50 micrograms/ml. Although no ALP monotherapy was present for 3 cancer patients examined before and during ALP treatment with accumulated doses of 15-516 mg/kg, the cytogenetic data were in accord with the negative experimental results. PMID- 6621585 TI - Comparison of urethane-induced sister-chromatid exchanges in various murine strains, and the effect of enzyme inducers. AB - The induction of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) by urethane, 150 and 300 mg/kg administered i.p., was examined in bone-marrow cells of AKR, BALB/c, C3Hf, C57BL/6J and DBA/2 male mice. In all strains, the base-line level of SCE/cell was similar, ranging from 4.3 to 8.7, and the response increased with the dose of urethane. DBA/2 mice were the most susceptible to urethane at both dose levels, with 30.6 SCE/cell after treatment with 300 mg/kg, whereas the response of the other strains was from 17.4 to 21.5 SCE/cell at the same urethane dose. Pretreatment of C57BL/6J and DBA/2 mice with phenobarbital decreased the SCE frequencies induced by urethane, 300 mg/kg, to 70%, whereas a prior administration of beta-naphthoflavone reduced SCE levels in C57BL/6J but not in DBA/2 mice. PMID- 6621586 TI - Sister-chromatid exchange frequency in lymphocytes of smoking and nonsmoking mothers and their newborn infants. AB - Sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency in lymphocytes of 8 smoking mothers and their 9 newborns (one subject bearing twins) was compared to 6 mothers who had never smoked and their 6 newborn infants. Mothers in the first group were required to have smoked throughout pregnancy and to have a minimum of 15 pack years smoking history. Results confirm our earlier smoking effect reported for adults, deny an effect on the newborn, and concur with other studies that show neonates have consistently lower SCE frequencies than adults. Overall, results are consistent with the idea that toxic substances in tobacco smoke interact with chromosomal DNA of circulating human lymphocytes. PMID- 6621587 TI - SCE-inducing congeners in alcoholic beverages. PMID- 6621588 TI - No elevation of the frequencies of chromosomal alterations as a consequence of handling cytostatic drugs. Analyses with peripheral blood and urine of hospital personnel. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes of hospital personnel handling cytostatic drugs showed no elevation of structural chromosomal aberrations or sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) over the baseline. The urine of the probands did not induce SCE in peripheral lymphocytes in vitro. PMID- 6621589 TI - The relationship between sister-chromatid exchange induction and the formation of specific methylated DNA adducts in Chinese hamster ovary cells. PMID- 6621590 TI - Induction of presumed somatic gene mutations in mice by 2-naphthylamine. PMID- 6621591 TI - Variation of superoxide dismutase levels in fetal calf serum. AB - The results of cytogenetic studies and of other experiments based on tissue culture systems may be influenced by various components of tissue-culture medium and by variations among batches of fetal calf serum used for supplementation of the media. Negative results may be obtained in breakage studies as a consequence of medium components with a protective effect [6]. Attention has been drawn to differences in growth pattern [8] and mitotic indices [11] in lymphocyte cultures set up with different culture media. Variations in the incidence of sister chromatid exchanges according to differences in media [7] and sera [5] have also been observed. It has been suggested [9] that the failure of some laboratories to detect increases in sister-chromatid exchanges after treatment with the tumor promoter phorbol-myristate-acetate (PMA) may be due to high concentrations of the free-radical-scavenging enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the sera used and that heat inactivation of the sera may be responsible for these differences. In the following, we report that considerable variation in the SOD content exists between batches of fetal calf serum, up to levels with anticlastogenic effect. PMID- 6621592 TI - Genotoxicity of quinone pigments from pathogenic fungi. AB - The genotoxicity and mutagenicity of several kinds of quinone pigments from pathogenic fungi were examined by means of the hepatocyte primary culture (HPC)/DNA repair test and of Ames test with TA98 and TA100. Clear genotoxicity of the two quinone chemicals, xanthomegnin and luteosporin were observed in the HPC/DNA repair test, though definite mutagenicity was not detected in the Salmonella microsome test. These two pigments are thus suspected to be genotoxic carcinogens. PMID- 6621593 TI - No liquid holding recovery for chromosomal aberrations or sister-chromatid exchanges in irradiated G1 human lymphocytes. AB - We have tested G0 phase human peripheral lymphocytes for liquid holding recovery (LHR) mediated decreases in X-ray-induced chromosomal aberration yields and increases in sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) levels such as have been demonstrated for confluency-inhibited mouse cells in culture (Nagasawa and Little, 1981). No influence on either aberration yields or SCE levels was demonstrated. However, an effect at least superficially similar to the LHR effect was seen for rings and dicentrics, but not for deletions or SCE in lymphocytes in transition between G0 and G1 following PHA stimulation. PMID- 6621594 TI - Effect of occupational exposure to epichlorohydrin on the frequency of chromosome aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes. AB - The relationship between the level of occupational exposure to epichlorohydrin (ECHH) and the clastogenic effect was studied on a group of 33 workers. The effect of ECHH was assessed by differences in the frequency of chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes in ECHH-exposed and control groups. In the group exposed to the average ECHH concentration, 0.384 mg X m-3, during the last 6 months, the cytogenetic analysis revealed 2.00 +/- 0.23% AC (aberrant cells) (0.0203 B/C, breaks per cell) as compared with 1.68 +/- 0.23% AC (0.0172 B/C) in the matching controls. These results indicate that an average concentration lower than 0.40 mg X m-3 ECHH in the working atmosphere has no significant clastogenic effect on human peripheral lymphocytes. PMID- 6621595 TI - Mitotic delay and repair in human lymphocytes. PMID- 6621596 TI - Induction of DNA repair in human and rat hepatocytes by 1,6-dinitropyrene. AB - 1,6-Dinitropyrene (DNP) was found to be an extremely potent genotoxicant in metabolically competent primary cultures of human and rat hepatocytes. Dose dependent increases in DNA repair as measured by unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) were observed in the range from 0.05 to 5 microM 1,6-DNP for both species, indicating that the rat-hepatocyte assay is an appropriate model for assessing genotoxic potential in human hepatocytes for this class of compound. Unlike some nitroaromatic compounds, 1,6-DNP did not require gut flora for metabolic activation. No DNA repair was observed in hepatocytes isolated from rats treated with 50 mg/kg 1,6-DNP in corn oil by gavage 2, 12 or 24 h previously. The reason for the lack of a response in vivo is not known, but may relate to detoxification or distribution of the compound in the animal. PMID- 6621597 TI - Statistical criteria for evaluating chemicals as positive or negative in the hepatocyte/DNA repair assay. AB - The usefulness of the hepatocyte/DNA repair assay was enhanced when statistical techniques were applied to the evaluation of a chemical as positive or negative. Using our test procedure, we are 95% confident that the false positive rate is less than 1% if the net nuclear grain count for the test chemical is 3 counts higher than the solvent control for the same animal. Additionally, quantitation of the proportion of cells in repair should be used to corroborate the results of the net nuclear grain count and is recommended for inclusion in the criteria for evaluating a chemical. PMID- 6621598 TI - Summer mortality surveillance from selected city and county medical examiners. PMID- 6621599 TI - Behavioral-risk-factor surveillance--selected states. PMID- 6621600 TI - Ectopic pregnancy surveillance. PMID- 6621601 TI - Dengue in the United States, 1981. PMID- 6621602 TI - Psittacosis in the United States, 1979. PMID- 6621603 TI - Rabies in the United States, 1981. PMID- 6621604 TI - Temporal trends in reported malformation incidence for the United States--Birth Defects Monitoring Program. PMID- 6621605 TI - Abortion surveillance, 1979-1980. PMID- 6621606 TI - Trichinosis surveillance, 1981. PMID- 6621607 TI - National surveillance of viral hepatitis, 1981. PMID- 6621608 TI - Surveillance of occupational injuries treated in hospital emergency rooms--United States, 1982. PMID- 6621609 TI - Homicide surveillance, 1970-1978. PMID- 6621610 TI - Paradoxical effect of isoproterenol on hamster hereditary polymyopathy. AB - Isoproterenol (ISO), a potent beta-adrenoreceptor agonist, was found to interfere with the development and progression of hamster hereditary polymyopathy. Cytoprotection involved both skeletal and heart muscles with reduced myofibrillar degeneration, phagocytosis, and an unusual scarring process rarely seen at this stage of the disease. A decrease in the Ca content of heart and hemidiaphragm homogenates corroborated these findings. The significant drop of serum creatine kinase with restoration of alkaline phosphatase activity towards normal values provided additional support to the therapeutic effect of ISO. Except for an increase in magnesium, there were no changes in serum electrolytes. The modifications in plasma membrane permeability together with improvement in microcirculation are some of the features whereby ISO can ameliorate muscle cell energy metabolism. It is inferred that the alleged primary role of calcium in the development of this inherited myopathy should be further scrutinized. PMID- 6621611 TI - The dual connective tissue system of rat soleus muscle. AB - Rat soleus muscle has two types of connective tissue associated with it which do not overlap except at the myotendinous junction. One, an areolar type, is restricted mainly to the spaces between muscle fibers and the other, a regular dense type, is located only beyond the ends of muscle fibers in structures called microtendons. The definitive tendon of a muscle thus represents the accumulation of all the microtendons, one of which is contributed by each muscle fiber. The diameter distributions were the same for collagen fibrils from areolar tissue and microtendons but different from tendon collagen. Marked changes occur in the diameter distribution of the microtendon collagen as it passes into and blends with that of the tendon. PMID- 6621612 TI - Content of methylhistidines in normal and pathological human skeletal muscles. AB - The content of 3-methylhistidine (3-MH) and 1-methylhistidine (1-MH) was measured in muscle biopsy specimens from 13 normal controls, 19 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, 8 limb-girdle disease patients, and 23 disease controls with different forms of muscular pathology. 3-MH and 1-MH concentrations in normal human muscle did not appear to be influenced by sex, body weight, and age, at least for subjects in the 10--60 year age group examined. Skeletal muscle 1-MH levels did not significantly differ from mean control values in any of the pathologies investigated. In the patient population examined, the mean 3-MH level per unit of noncollagen protein (NCP) was significantly lower than normal in Duchenne dystrophy only, the reduction being related to disease severity. The significantly lower concentrations of 3-MH in muscle of Duchenne patients indicate the importance of measuring 3-MH in diseased muscle to obtain reliable estimates of the myofibrillar protein catabolic rate. PMID- 6621613 TI - Saphenous nerve evoked potentials and the assessment of intraabdominal lesions of the femoral nerve. AB - A technique for recording somatosensory evoked potentials after stimulation of the patellar branch of the saphenous nerve is described and the results from 11 normal subjects and from two patients with intraabdominal femoral nerve injuries are presented. One patients developed a nerve lesion after an abdominal surgical procedure and the second suffered a gunshot wound causing femoral nerve paralysis. Both patients recovered spontaneously. Evoked potentials from saphenous nerves showed a significant discrepancy between faster motor recovery and delay in reinstating sensory axonal conduction. PMID- 6621614 TI - Opinions about plasma exchange and associated treatments in the therapy of myasthenia gravis. PMID- 6621615 TI - Is rigid spine syndrome a distinct clinical entity? PMID- 6621616 TI - Neuromuscular reaction to paired stimuli. PMID- 6621617 TI - Efficacy and safety of bifonazole (BAY h 4502) in patients with pityriasis versicolor and tinea cruris. PMID- 6621618 TI - Purification of Plasmodium lophurae cathepsin D and its effects on erythrocyte membrane proteins. AB - The cathepsin D of Plasmodium lophurae was purified using a combination of CM Sephadex, pepstatin-agarose and Sephadex G-100 chromatography. The plasmodial enzyme was distinct from that of the host red cell and bovine spleen in its low isoelectric point (pI 4.3). The cathepsin D of P. lophurae, as well as plasmodial extracts demonstrating such proteinase activity, were able to digest the membrane proteins of duckling and human red cells at pH 7.4; proteolysis was not inhibited in phosphate-buffered saline by 100 microM pepstatin. Membrane proteins most susceptible to proteolysis were those of the cytoskeleton, notably bands 1 and 2 (spectrin), bands 2.1-2.6 (spectrin-binding proteins) and band 3. Membrane protein degradation by crude plasmodial extracts was partially inhibited by a combination of 10 mM FeCl3, and 10 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride in phosphate buffered saline. The changes induced in erythrocyte membrane proteins by exposure to plasmodial cathepsin D parallel the alterations observed in red cell membranes obtained from malaria infected cells. Since the action of the plasmodial protease was confined to the inner surface of the red cell membrane, it is possible that protease-induced modifications in the red cell cytoskeleton could lead to merozoite release. PMID- 6621619 TI - Levels of type I and type III collagen in the bile duct of rats infected with Fasciola hepatica. AB - Collagen types and their levels were compared between bile ducts from Fasciola infected rats and bile ducts from uninfected animals. Both collagen types I and III were shown to be increased in infected animals but, levels of type I increased less than type III. These results indicate that fascioliasis produces changes in the collagen composition of the bile duct that are similar to those produced in cirrhosis of the liver and other pathologic conditions including wound healing. Such observations suggest that a study of the chronology of collagen deposition in fascioliasis might provide information on the sequence of molecular events which result in bile duct hyperplasia. PMID- 6621620 TI - Relation between effective radiation dose and outcome of radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer. AB - We used a combination of radioiodine scanning and quantitative radiation dosimetry to evaluate responses to therapeutic irradiation with 131I in 76 patients with thyroid adenocarcinoma. Fifty patients received 131I treatment for ablation of residual thyroid tissue after surgical thyroidectomy, and 26 had 131I treatment for metastatic thyroid cancer. Successful ablation was observed in patients receiving higher radiation doses to the thyroid--about 4.4 times those in patients whose lesions were not ablated--largely because of a longer effective half-life of 131I in residual thyroid tissue in the patients with ablated lesions. Patients with metastases that persisted after 131I therapy tended to have more advanced disease and received significantly lower radiation doses per millicurie of administered 131I than did persons whose lesions responded to treatment. Initial 131I treatment resulting in radiation doses of at least 30,000 rad to thyroid remnants and 8000 rad to metastases was associated with a significant increase in the rate of response to therapy. PMID- 6621621 TI - Determination of fetal sex. AB - Fetal sex was determined ultrasonically by visualization of the external genitalia with 99 per cent accuracy in 69 per cent of 855 consecutive fetuses of 15 or more weeks' gestational age. Definitive visualization of the external genitalia was achieved in more than 90 per cent of all cases after the fifth month. We also found that testicular descent into the scrotum occurs after 26 weeks' gestational age, with 62 per cent of male fetuses having descent between 28 and 30 weeks and 93 per cent after 32 weeks. The wide span of gestational age at the time of testicular descent limits use of this feature as an indicator of fetal maturity. PMID- 6621622 TI - Characteristics of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Haiti. AB - To identify the characteristics of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) as it occurs in Haiti, we studied 61 previously healthy Haitians who had diagnoses of either Kaposi's sarcoma (15), opportunistic infections (45), or both (1) established in Haiti between June 1979 and October 1982. The first cases of Kaposi's sarcoma and opportunistic infections in Haiti were recognized in 1978 1979, a period that coincides with the earliest reports of AIDS in the United States. We do not believe that AIDS existed in Haiti before this period. The types of opportunistic infections and the clinical course in Haitians with Kaposi's sarcoma and opportunistic infections were similar in most aspects to those in patients with AIDS in the United States. The median age of Haitians with Kaposi's sarcoma and opportunistic infections was 32 years, and 85 per cent were men. The interval between diagnosis and death was six months in 80 per cent of the patients. Diarrhea was the most common reason for seeking medical attention in patients with opportunistic infections. Lymphopenia and skin-test anergy were observed in 86 and 100 per cent of patients, respectively. Potential risk factors (bisexual activity or blood transfusions) were identified in 17 per cent of male and 22 per cent of female patients. Demographic information suggests that patients belonged to all socioeconomic strata of Haitian society. PMID- 6621623 TI - Adjusted versus fixed-dose subcutaneous heparin in the prevention of deep-vein thrombosis after total hip replacement. AB - Venous thromboembolism after total hip replacement continues to be a serious problem. We conducted a study to determine whether adjustment of the dose of subcutaneous heparin to yield partial thromboplastin times in the high-normal range results in a greater reduction of postoperative deep-vein thrombosis than fixed doses of heparin. Seventy-nine patients undergoing elective hip arthroplasty were randomly divided into two groups two days before surgery. Group 1 (41 patients) received a fixed dose of 3500 IU of heparin subcutaneously ever eight hours; 16 of the 41 (39 per cent) had deep-vein thrombosis diagnosed by venography. Group 2 (38 patients) was started on the same dose, which was then adjusted to keep the activated partial thromboplastin time between 31.5 and 36 seconds. From the day of operation to the eighth postoperative day these patients needed progressively more heparin to maintain the activated partial thromboplastin time in the prescribed range. Only 5 of the 38 (13 per cent) had deep-vein thrombosis (P less than 0.01), and the number of thrombi in proximal veins was also lower in this group (P = 0.003). The number of units of blood transfused, the frequency of postoperative wound hematomas, and the drop in hemoglobin levels were identical in the two groups. Adjusted low-dose heparin prophylaxis appears to be a safe and efficacious method to reduce the frequency of deep-vein thrombosis in patients undergoing total hip replacement. PMID- 6621625 TI - Determination of fetal sex in early pregnancy. PMID- 6621624 TI - How many miles to the doctor? AB - We used detailed information from 16 states to determine the distance that residents of outlying areas (or of towns of less than 25,000, outside metropolitan areas) must travel to receive various types of medical care. For both 1970 and 1979, we found that approximately 80 per cent of such residents lived within 10 miles' driving distance of some physician and 98 per cent lived within 25 miles. Most of the remaining 2 per cent lived in areas so sparsely settled that physicians will not find them economically attractive as practice locations. During the 1970s, the distance of members of the studied population from medical and surgical specialists was substantially reduced. The greatest improvement occurred for the specialties that had the largest percentage increase in their numbers. As the physician pool expands further during the 1980s, geographic access to specialty care for rural and small-town residents should show a further notable improvement. However, this improvement may not suffice to meet what some consider the "medical need" of those who are geographically isolated or economically deprived. PMID- 6621627 TI - Control of health-care costs. Targeting and coordinating the economic incentives. PMID- 6621626 TI - Progress in preventing venous thromboembolism. PMID- 6621628 TI - Determination of fetal sex by ultrasound. PMID- 6621629 TI - "Trojan Horse" leukocytes in AIDS. PMID- 6621630 TI - Prevention of rubella in a medical clinic. PMID- 6621631 TI - More on pertussis. PMID- 6621632 TI - Plasmapheresis for rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6621633 TI - Sodium-lithium countertransport in red cells. PMID- 6621634 TI - Neuroblastoma IV-S: chromosome analysis. PMID- 6621635 TI - Water-ski spill and partial avulsion of the uterine cervix. PMID- 6621637 TI - Nursing as metaphor. PMID- 6621636 TI - Advertisements for posts in Saudi Arabia. PMID- 6621638 TI - Polishing off ticks. PMID- 6621639 TI - Mini-internships: an experience in health-care delivery for community leaders. PMID- 6621640 TI - Chloramphenicol-responsive chronic neutropenia. PMID- 6621641 TI - Anionic sites and the mechanisms of proteinuria. PMID- 6621642 TI - Is the establishment defensible? PMID- 6621643 TI - Is interferon an "inducer" of serum amyloid A? PMID- 6621644 TI - Fragment red cells in disseminated intravascular coagulation. PMID- 6621646 TI - Taste and smell in disease. PMID- 6621645 TI - Elevation of erythrocyte countertransport rates in Alzheimer's dementia. PMID- 6621647 TI - Liver disease in hereditary tyrosinemia. PMID- 6621648 TI - Molecular heterogeneity of inherited antithrombin III deficiency. PMID- 6621649 TI - Cyclosporin immunosuppression as the possible cause of AIDS. PMID- 6621650 TI - Prognostic value of exercise EKG testing in asymptomatic normotensive subjects. A prospective matched study. AB - We prospectively studied 135 asymptomatic normotensive subjects with exercise induced ST ischemic depression of 1 mm or more and compared them with 379 controls. At least two controls with negative responses on the exercise electrocardiographic (EKG) test were selected for each case and were matched for age, sex, work, community, and coronary-risk-factors index. The end points considered were the following coronary events: angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and sudden death. After a median follow-up period of 6.0 years for the cases and 6.4 years for the controls, the relative risk was 5.55 (95 per cent confidence limits, 2.75 to 11.22). Coronary events occurred significantly earlier in the cases than in the controls. Our data also suggest that the exercise EKG response is a particularly good prognostic indicator for myocardial infarction. In addition, our analysis has confirmed the predictive roles of age, smoking, blood pressure, and the coronary-risk-factors index and suggests that the exercise EKG response is an additional independent risk indicator for coronary events. PMID- 6621651 TI - Medical malpractice claims since the crisis of 1975: some good news and some bad. PMID- 6621653 TI - Intracoronary streptokinase for myocardial infarction. PMID- 6621652 TI - Leukemia after cytotoxic chemotherapy--a pyrrhic victory? PMID- 6621655 TI - High doses of aspartame reduce blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 6621654 TI - Atrioventricular dissociation and sinus arrest induced by oral diltiazem. PMID- 6621656 TI - Mechanism of genitourinary symptoms in herpes simplex virus infection. PMID- 6621657 TI - Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease. PMID- 6621658 TI - Case 27-1983: granulomatous hepatitis. PMID- 6621659 TI - A privately financed loan program for medical students. Federal financial aid--an unsettled future. PMID- 6621660 TI - Diet and sleep patterns in newborn infants. AB - Sleep behavior is modulated by serotonergic neurons within the brain, and the synthesis and release of serotonin by such neurons is thought to be influenced by the availability of tryptophan, the amino acid precursor of serotonin. We investigated the effects on the sleep patterns of newborn infants of variations in diet designed to affect tryptophan availability. Twenty healthy newborns (two to three days of age) were randomly assigned to receive a feeding consisting either of tryptophan in 10 per cent glucose or valine in 5 per cent glucose (valine competes with tryptophan for entry into the brain). Sleep patterns during the three hours after this feeding were compared with those after a feeding of routine formula (Similac). The infants fed tryptophan entered active sleep 14.1 minutes sooner than they did after Similac, and entered quiet sleep 20 minutes sooner. Those fed valine entered active sleep 15.8 minutes later than they did after Similac, and entered quiet sleep 39 minutes later. The differences between the tryptophan and valine groups were significant (P less than 0.01 for active sleep and P less than 0.005 for quiet sleep). We conclude that variations in the composition of the diet may influence sleep behavior in newborns. PMID- 6621661 TI - Sphenoid sinusitis. A review of 30 cases. AB - We studied 30 patients with infectious sphenoid sinusitis (15 acute cases and 15 chronic cases) in an effort to characterize the clinical presentation, bacteriology, and associated complications of this frequently misdiagnosed infection. Severe frontal, temporal, or retro-orbital headache that radiated to the occipital regions or pain in the trigeminal (V1 to V3) distribution or both were the most prominent presenting symptoms. In acute cases, purulent exudate was frequently seen in the middle and superior nasal turbinates. Computerized axial tomography or sinus tomography and cannulation of the sphenoid sinus proved to be the most useful diagnostic studies. Organisms detected in acute cases included streptococci other than Streptococcus pneumoniae (41 per cent), Staphylococcus aureus (29 per cent), and Str. pneumoniae (17 per cent). In chronic infections, gram-negative bacilli (43 per cent) and staphylococcal species (24 per cent) were the predominant organisms. In acute disease, early diagnosis and aggressive therapy, including surgical drainage, were important. Delay in treatment was always associated with serious morbidity or mortality. Fatal complications included cavernous sinus thrombosis and bacterial meningitis. PMID- 6621662 TI - Safety and efficacy of noninvasive cardiac pacing. A preliminary report. PMID- 6621663 TI - Recovery of auditory brain-stem responses after a severe hypoxic ischemic insult. PMID- 6621664 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 45-1983. A young man with a mass involving the lung, pleura, and chest wall. PMID- 6621665 TI - Electrical therapy of cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 6621666 TI - Ways for surgeons to increase the efficiency of their use of hospitals. PMID- 6621667 TI - Immune competence in Haitians living in New York. PMID- 6621668 TI - Ultrastructure of AIDS lymph nodes. PMID- 6621669 TI - Vocal-cord dysfunction presenting as asthma. PMID- 6621670 TI - Cholestatic jaundice. PMID- 6621671 TI - Listen! PMID- 6621672 TI - Medical marketing rampant. PMID- 6621673 TI - Summary of a workshop on immunosuppression in the management of type I diabetes mellitus (IDDM). PMID- 6621674 TI - Demonstration of LDH-X for identification of testicular tissues. PMID- 6621675 TI - Regional lymph node metastasis in the early stage of thyroid cancer with special reference to the dissection method. PMID- 6621676 TI - Epidemiological features of intractable diseases in Japan: variations in deaths by sex and age. PMID- 6621677 TI - Changes in intracellular taurine content of human leukemic cells. PMID- 6621678 TI - Delayed recovery of mitochondrial function in rat liver after releasing biliary obstruction. PMID- 6621679 TI - Mycotoxins in cereal grain. Part X. Invasion of fungi mycelium into wheat and barley kernels. AB - Histochemical examination of wheat kernels invaded by Aspergilli and Penicillia proved penetration of fungal mycelium into subaleurone and endosperm cells through aleurone layer cells. Walls of aleurone layer cells in invaded kernels were found to be thicker and split. Formation of spores in cleistothecia's in endosperm cells was found. The observation of kernels under a stereoscopic microscope was found to be a sensitive way to detect fungi invasion in cereal kernels. PMID- 6621681 TI - Drug identification. Reading the tablets. PMID- 6621680 TI - AIDS research. Is there really a virus? PMID- 6621682 TI - Eukaryotic genes--are they under torsional stress? PMID- 6621683 TI - Lead toxicity from water. PMID- 6621684 TI - Monensin inhibits initial spreading of cultured human fibroblasts. AB - The monovalent ionophore, monensin, inhibits the secretion of both pro-collagen and fibronectin in cultured human fibroblasts and other cell types. The block to secretion is due to the ability of monensin to suppress the export of these secretory proteins from the Golgi apparatus. As such proteins are known to be implicated in the adhesion, spreading and movement of cultured fibroblasts, it might be expected that monensin treatment would interfere with these processes. However, it has recently been reported that monensin-treated human embryonal fibroblasts attached and spread onto glass substrata to the same extent as untreated cells, although at later stages they fail to develop focal adhesion sites. However, these experiments were performed using medium supplemented with fetal calf serum (FCS). We now demonstrate that in the absence of FCS, while monensin has little or no effect on the initial adhesion of fibroblasts to the substratum, subsequent spreading is much reduced. The inhibition of spreading is noticeable within 30 min of plating and is maintained for at least 100 min in monensin-free medium following prolonged pre-incubation of the cells with monensin. PMID- 6621685 TI - Diacylglycerol and phorbol ester stimulate secretion without raising cytoplasmic free calcium in human platelets. AB - An increase in cytoplasmic free calcium, [Ca2+]i, is thought to be the trigger for secretory exocytosis in many cells. In blood platelets, large rises in [Ca2+]i can cause secretion and calcium has been regarded as the final common activator not only for secretion but also for shape-change and aggregation. We have shown that while thrombin and platelet-activating factor (PAF) normally elevate [Ca2+]i, they can also stimulate shape-change and secretion even when the [Ca2+]i rise is suppressed. The present results strongly implicate diacylglycerol, produced by stimulus-dependent breakdown of phosphoinositide, in this calcium-independent activation. Exogenous diacylglycerol activates a protein kinase (C-kinase) in platelets as do PAF, thrombin and collagen. 12-O tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) also activates C-kinase and is a potent stimulus for secretion and aggregation. It is shown here that the exogenous diacylglycerol 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-glycerol (OAG) and TPA evoke similar secretion and aggregation without elevating [Ca2+]i above the basal level of 0.1 microM. The pattern of secretion resembles that produced by collagen and thrombin when [Ca2+]i remains at basal levels. Modest increases in [Ca2+]i, insufficient to stimulate secretion, markedly accelerate the responses to TPA and OAG. PMID- 6621686 TI - Characterization of melanin-concentrating hormone in chum salmon pituitaries. AB - Many lower vertebrates exhibit colour change in response to the background. A dual hormonal control of colour change by two antagonistic pituitary melanophorotropic hormones was first postulated in amphibia by Hogben and Slome. It is well established that the melanotropins alpha- and beta-MSH are responsible for pigment dispersion in the integumentary melanophore of lower vertebrates and that these molecules are derived from a common precursor protein, proopiocortin, by specific processing within the intermediate lobe. No evidence has been found for an antagonistic hormone in amphibia, although the existence of such a molecule in the pituitary gland of teleost fishes has long been recognized and was termed the melanophore-concentrating hormone by Enami. Early attempts to separate the two hormones proved unsuccessful. Recently, Baker and Ball re invoked the dual hormone concept, and it has been suggested that a melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) is synthesized in the hypothalamus of teleosts and stored and released by the neurohyphophysis. We have now isolated a novel peptide from the pituitary of the salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) possessing an antagonistic function to MSH, and we describe here its chemical and biological characteristics. PMID- 6621687 TI - Melatonin increases oestrogen receptor binding activity of human breast cancer cells. AB - Breast cancer is frequently a hormone-dependent tumour, and several studies have suggested that the pineal gland hormone melatonin may influence the growth and development of this malignancy. Subcutaneous injections of melatonin have been shown to inhibit, and pinealectomy to enhance, the development of dimethyl benz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumours in rats. Use of the psychotropic drug thorazine, which increases plasma melatonin levels, has been associated with a decreased incidence of breast cancer in psychiatric patients. Calcification of the pineal gland has been correlated with an increased incidence of breast cancer in women. While the mechanism by which melatonin influences these tumours is unknown, both human breast cancer and DMBA-induced tumours contain oestrogen receptors (ER) and respond to changes in the oestrogen milieu. We therefore wondered whether melatonin might be altering ER binding activity of these tumours. We report here that in vitro incubation of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells with melatonin in physiological conditions increased the cytoplasmic and nuclear ER activity of these cells within 40 min, giving no change in the equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) of the receptor. This induction was blocked by cycloheximide, and thus requires continuous protein synthesis. The modulation of ER binding activity of breast cancer by another endogenous hormone may be important for understanding the behaviour and treatment of this disease, and may provide insight into the factors regulating the synthesis and metabolism of steroid hormone receptors. PMID- 6621688 TI - Signals regulating hepatitis B surface antigen transcription. AB - About 200 million people are chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), but since hepatitis B virus (HBV) cannot be propagated in vitro, HBsAg transcription has been studied only in cell lines containing HBV DNA integrated into chromosomes, and HBsAg-related mRNAs 2.0 to 2.5 kilobases (kb) long have been described. We have analysed the transcripts produced in an infected chimpanzee liver and in a rat cell line containing HBV DNA. In contrast to previous suppositions we report here that the major S gene transcript initiates close to the S gene, that is, within the 'pre-S' region and is processed/polyadenylated at a site situated within the core gene. The efficiency of processing/polyadenylation at this site varies between the chimpanzee liver and the rat cell line studied. The S gene promoter does not contain a TATA box but instead has a sequence homologous to that which positions the 5' ends of the major simian virus 40 (SV40) late transcript. PMID- 6621689 TI - AIDS research. To review or not to review? PMID- 6621690 TI - Dynamics of mitosis. PMID- 6621691 TI - Enteric neurogenesis by neural crest-derived branchial arch mesenchymal cells. AB - We have previously described a monoclonal antibody (E/C8) that recognizes an avian-specific epitope present in a variety of embryonic cells, including some cultured neural crest cells, both central and peripheral neurones in vivo, and apparently non-neuronal neural crest-derived mesenchymal cells of the posterior (third and fourth) branchial arches. The branchial arches are transient embryonic structures that serve as the lateral and ventral walls of the primitive pharynx of vertebrates and are contiguous with the developing gut. We report here that E/C8-positive mesenchymal cells of the arches can develop into neurones spontaneously in culture, or can migrate into aneural guts with which they are co cultured and form enteric ganglia. In contrast, these cells do not develop into melanocytes--another derivative of the neural crest--in various permissive conditions. These results demonstrate that the mesenchymal cells of the posterior branchial arches are a developmentally restricted population of neural crest derived cells, and some may serve as precursors for neurones of the enteric nervous system. PMID- 6621692 TI - L1 mono- and polyclonal antibodies modify cell migration in early postnatal mouse cerebellum. AB - A major event of nervous system development is the migration of granule cell neurones, during the early postnatal development of the cerebellar cortex, from their germinating zone in the external granular layer to their final location in the internal granular layer. During migration, many granule cells are seen in direct cell-surface contact with processes of Bergmann glia, a subclass of astrocytes. In the neurological mutant mouse weaver, however, migration of granule cells is impaired, probably due to a deficit in cell-cell interactions. To gain insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in granule cell migration, we have used a modification of an in vitro assay system, previously described by Moonen et al., which displays migratory behaviour in small tissue explants during several days of suspension culture. The aim of this study was to investigate the process of granule cell migration by using antibodies directed against cell-surface components of developing neural cells. We report here that migration of 3H-thymidine-labelled granule cell neurones can be modified by Fab fragments of both mono- and polyclonal L1 antibodies, but not by Fab fragments of polyclonal antibodies prepared against mouse liver membranes, which also react with cerebellar cell surfaces. PMID- 6621693 TI - Motility and mechanosensitivity of macrocilia in the ctenophore Beroe. AB - Mechanical activation of the microtubule sliding mechanism in cilia and flagella by local passive bending has been postulated to be essential for the initiation and propagation of bending waves along the axoneme. In addition, responsiveness of cilia to hydrodynamic forces imposed externally by their neighbours is thought to be responsible for metachronal coordination of ciliary activity, as well as for synchronal beating of component cilia within compound ciliary organelles. Direct tests of the mechanosensitivity of motile cilia are limited, but generally support these views. It remains problematical, however, whether mechanical interaction between cilia operates continuously during both the effective and recovery phases of the asymmetrical beat cycle. Moreover, the directional sensitivity and temporal responsiveness of motile cilia to mechanical stimuli have been explored in only a few cases. Finally, the continuous nature of the ciliary beat cycle has hindered investigation of the 'switch point hypothesis' in which doublet sliding is assumed to be activated sequentially on the two halves of the axoneme to produce bends in opposite directions. Here we report that macrocilia on the ctenophore Beroe beat discontinuously with separate effective and recovery strokes, resulting in 'split-cycle' waves of metachronal coordination. This new pattern of ciliary beating is used to investigate the motile responses of cilia to controlled mechanical stimuli during each phase of the beat cycle. PMID- 6621694 TI - Correction of cell-cell communication defect by introduction of a protein kinase into mutant cells. AB - The cell-to-cell permeability of the junctions of various cultured mammalian cell types depends on the concentration of intracellular cyclic AMP [( cAMP]i). The permeability rises when the cells are supplied with exogenous cyclic AMP or when their cyclic AMP synthesis is stimulated with choleragen or hormones; it falls when [cAMP]i is lowered by application of serum or due to increase in cell density. The rise and fall in permeability take several hours to develop (the rise is protein synthesis-dependent) and they occur concurrently with the rise and fall in the number of intramembrane particles of the gap junctions, which probably embody the cell-to-cell channels. Is this permeability regulation mediated by phosphorylating protein kinase? In many eukaryotes, the cyclic AMP receptor is a protein kinase consisting of a pair of regulatory subunits and a pair of catalytic subunits. The latter dissociate from the holoenzyme as the cyclic AMP binds to the regulatory subunits and, in this dissociated form, catalyse the phosphorylation of the target. The regulatory subunit occurs in two isoenzyme forms, I and II. The catalytic subunit seems invariant; subunits from different isoenzymes can substitute for each other. We show here that a mutant cell lacking the isoenzyme I is deficient in permeable junctions, and that this junctional defect is corrected when the mutant is supplied with exogenous catalytic subunit. PMID- 6621696 TI - The rasmatazz of cancer genes. PMID- 6621695 TI - Lack of correlation between histone H4 acetylation and transcription during the Physarum cell cycle. AB - The interaction between nucleosomal proteins and DNA is expected to change during DNA replication as well as during transcription. A possible way of achieving the necessary structural changes is the modification of histones and high mobility group (HMG) proteins. The acetylation of core histones has been studied in various systems (for a review see ref. 1) and a correlation between histone acetylation and transcriptional activity of chromatin has frequently been proposed. In particular, Bradbury and co-workers have reported a cell cycle dependence of histone H4 acetylation in Physarum polycephalum which revealed two correlations: (1) tetraacetylated H4 (H4Ac4) correlated with the rate of transcription and (2) H4 acetylation was inversely correlated with H1 phosphorylation in mitosis. We present evidence here that H4 acetylation does not fit these correlations. Our data clearly show that the acetate content of H4 is high during the S phase, but low during later stages of the cell cycle. H4Ac4 remains at a nearly constant level during the whole cycle, with an elevation during the S phase. Furthermore, experiments with the deacetylase inhibitor sodium-n-butyrate do not support the proposed connection between diacetylated H4 (H4Ac2) and DNA replication. Our data imply that a correlation of H4 acetylation and transcription is unlikely during the cell cycle of Physarum. The conclusions of Bradbury and co-workers are therefore invalid. PMID- 6621697 TI - Are complement lysis and lymphocytotoxicity analogous? PMID- 6621698 TI - Molecular biology of the coronaviruses. PMID- 6621699 TI - Increased concentrations and lateral asymmetry of amygdala dopamine in schizophrenia. AB - There is a growing body of evidence in support of the view of schizophrenia as a dysfunction of the left temporal lobe. This hypothesis, first proposed by Flor Henry, stemmed from the frequently observed association of schizophreniform psychoses with left-sided temporal lobe epilepsy. As yet the evidence is solely clinical, with a wide range of psychological and physiological measurements indicating a left hemisphere disorder in patients with schizophrenia. It is not, however, inconsistent with the major neurochemical hypothesis of schizophrenia, which proposes an increase in dopaminergic neurotransmission which can be blocked by neuroleptic drugs. One region of the medial temporal lobe, the amygdala, receives a major dopaminergic innervation from the ventral tegmental area. In fact this meso-limbic dopaminergic tract, which also innervates the nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercule, has been implicated in psychosis and in antipsychotic drug action. We have attempted here to test whether there is a neurochemical correlate of the Flor-Henry hypothesis using brain tissue collected post mortem from schizophrenic patients and controls. The results indicate that a specific increase of dopamine is found in the amygdalae in the left cerebral hemisphere of the schizophrenic group. PMID- 6621700 TI - Substantia gelatinosa neurones hyperpolarized in vitro by enkephalin. AB - The sensation of pain is carried to the central nervous system by small-diameter fibres which terminate in the superficial layers of the spinal grey matter, particularly the substantia gelatinosa. Opiate drugs administered into the substantia gelatinosa inhibit the excitation of deeper dorsal horn neurones by noxious peripheral stimuli while sparing the responses to other sensations such as touch. It has been suggested that opiates impair the release of the transmitter from the small-diameter nociceptive fibres, but it is also possible that opiates directly depress the responses of cells in the substantia gelatinosa which serve as interneurones in the pain pathway. We have made intracellular recordings from substantia gelatinosa neurones in a slice of rat spinal cord, and report here that morphine and enkephalin directly hyperpolarize substantia gelatinosa cells by opening membrane K+ channels. This inhibitory action of exogenous morphine provides a likely cellular mechanism for its analgesic properties. Moreover, enkephalin is an endogenous constituent of some cells of the substantia gelatinosa, where it is concentrated within terminals making synaptic contacts with other cell bodies and dendrites. The present findings thus strongly suggest that enkephalin serves as an inhibitory neurotransmitter within the substantia gelatinosa. PMID- 6621701 TI - Early action of nerve determines motor endplate differentiation in rat muscle. AB - The formation of a motor endplate is characterized by a complex series of changes in the properties of the subsynaptic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs). Among the last changes to occur are the shortening of the apparent mean open time of their ion channels from about 4 to 1 ms and an increase in the single-channel conductance. This conversion of channel gating at the endplate seems to be induced by the motor neurone. We report here that fast channel gating also develops at nerve-free endplate sites of fibres that had been denervated while gating was still slow. At such sites, junctional folds will develop in the absence of the nerve terminal. Although the conversion of channel gating and the formation of junctional folds are late events in endplate development, the neural signals inducing these changes must therefore act at the earliest stages of junctional development. PMID- 6621703 TI - Animal rights nonsense. PMID- 6621702 TI - A 5'-flanking sequence essential for progesterone regulation of an ovalbumin fusion gene. AB - Ovalbumin gene transcripts are not detectable in unstimulated chick oviducts but comprise about half of oviduct cell transcripts after steroid hormone induction. This seems to result mostly from an increased level of transcription. When steroid hormones enter the cytoplasm of target cells they bind to specific receptors and the steroid-receptor complex accumulates in the nucleus. Presumably this complex then binds in a sequence- or conformation-specific way near the regulated gene and enhances transcription. Several recent studies have shown that steroid hormone receptors bind preferentially to the 5'-flanking region of steroid-responsive genes in vitro. Transcription of cloned genes for alpha 2u globulin, growth hormone, mouse mammary tumour virus and lysozyme can be induced in vivo by steroid hormones after transfer to cells containing steroid hormone receptors. In some of these studies, 5'-flanking regions were shown to be important for steroid regulation. We have now constructed a hybrid gene containing the ovalbumin gene promoter fused to the chicken adult beta-globin gene and transferred it into primary cultures of chicken oviduct cells. We show that progesterone-mediated induction of transcription in untransformed oviduct cells depends on an ovalbumin gene flanking sequence between positions -95 and 222. PMID- 6621704 TI - US risk assessment: Congress looks to Academy. PMID- 6621705 TI - US science budget: Congress outdoes President. PMID- 6621706 TI - Australian veterinary science: Canberra's quandary on FMDV. PMID- 6621707 TI - Creation versus evolution: no middle way. PMID- 6621708 TI - Trophic factors and postsynaptic activity in synapse formation. PMID- 6621709 TI - Dynamic proteins. PMID- 6621710 TI - Long-term culture of murine erythropoietic progenitor cells in the absence of an adherent layer. AB - Replication of multipotential stem cells in long-term murine bone marrow cell culture is known to depend on the development of an adherent stromal cell layer. In these conditions, restricted haematopoietic progenitor cells have also been generated for up to several months1-3. However, maturation is observed only in the granulocyte/macrophage and megakaryocyte lineages; erythropoiesis appears to be blocked at the earliest burst-forming unit (BFU-E) stage. Addition of exogenous erythropoietin (Epo) or anaemic mouse serum results in full erythropoietic maturation, but it is transient. We describe here a culture system in which production of erythropoietic progenitor cells can be maintained for over 6 months in the absence of an adherent stromal layer and in the absence of added Epo, but in the presence of pokeweed mitogen-stimulated spleen cell conditioned medium (PWSCM). The data indicate that restricted erythroid progenitor cells exist which are capable of extensive self-renewal. PMID- 6621711 TI - Endothelium-dependent relaxation of coronary arteries by noradrenaline and serotonin. AB - Arteries relax to the vasodilators acetylcholine, substance P, ATP and bradykinin only if the endothelium is present. One hypothesis is that these substances stimulate the endothelial cells to release a vasodilator substance which in turn relaxes the underlying smooth muscle. We considered that other hormones which have direct actions on smooth muscle cells may also release the dilator substance. If the hormone contracts smooth muscle cells and also activates the release of the dilator from endothelial cells, the algebraic sum of these stimuli would determine the physiological response. Our preliminary experiments in pig and dog isolated coronary arteries showed that noradrenaline (NA) and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) were significantly more powerful vasoconstrictors in the absence of endothelium. We report here the unexpected finding that these constrictor amines release a vasodilator substance from endothelial cells that can act as a physiological antagonist of the well known smooth muscle contractile responses. We suggest that the potential involvement of the vasodilator signal should be considered in the responses to vasoconstrictors in both normal and diseased blood vessels. PMID- 6621712 TI - Acetylcholine release from growth cones detected with patches of acetylcholine receptor-rich membranes. AB - Synaptic potentials can be evoked at nerve-muscle junctions in vitro within minutes after an exploring growth cone contacts a receptive myotube. Functional transmission is also evident in vivo on the time scale of minutes after motor axons enter adjacent myotomes. The ability to release acetylcholine (ACh) may be induced in motor nerve terminals after they contact receptive target cells. Alternately, growth cones may be capable of releasing ACh before contact. To examine the development of ACh release we have used isolated patches of acetylcholine receptor(AChR)-rich membrane as sensitive detectors of ACh. We report here that the growth cones of embryonic chick ciliary ganglion neurones can release ACh, even when the cells are grown in the absence of target myotubes. PMID- 6621714 TI - Synthesis rate of dopamine: difference between corpus striatum and limbic system as a possible explanation of variations in reactions to drugs. AB - The synthesis rate of dopamine and noradrenaline in different parts of the rat brain was estimated by measuring the accumulation of DOPA following decarboxylase inhibition. Although the synthesis of dopamine was enhanced in all regions by haloperidol and gammabutyrolactone, it was increased to almost 400% of the control in the corpus striatum but to only somewhat more than 200% in the olfactory tubercle and some other limbic regions. The dopamine autoreceptor agonist B-HT 920 was more potent and effective in lowering the synthesis of dopamine in the limbic regions than in the corpus striatum. These differences between the extrastriatal and striatal brain areas in the pharmacological responses might be explained by a 50% higher norma synthesis rate constant of the dopamine in the limbic system than in the corpus striatum. The lower dopamine synthesis rate in the latter region may be due to a negative neuronal feedback from the corpus striatum to the substantia nigra. Functional studies support this proposal. Indeed, B-HT 920 was less effective than haloperidol in changing the direction of head turning of rats with a diencephalic hemisection at doses equieffective in reducing the motor activity. The findings indicate that B-HT 920 is relatively more potent than haloperidol in inhibiting the dopamine neurotransmission in the limbic system than in the corpus striatum. PMID- 6621713 TI - In vivo release of endogenous catecholamines, histamine and GABA in the hypothalamus of Wistar Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 6621715 TI - Drugs for Parkinson's disease reduce tremor induced by physostigmine. AB - The effects of anticholinergic and dopaminergic drugs used for Parkinson's disease were studied on the tremor induced by physostigmine (0.3-3.0 mg/kg) in rats. For the measurement of tremor a new electronic device was employed. Atropine (0.3-1.2 mg/kg) and biperiden (0.01-1.0 mg/kg) reduced the physostigmine induced tremor in a dose-related manner and could abolish it. Biperiden was less potent than atropine. Methylatropine in a dose of 1.2 mg/kg slightly inhibited the tremor. Amantadine (0.3-3.0 mg/kg) reduced the tremor but only to a certain degree. Bromocriptine (0.1-10.0 mg/kg) reduced it in a manner that was not dose related. Pimozide potentiated the tremor in the dose of 0.2 mg/kg but not in larger doses. At the onset of the tremor, a small decrease in rectal temperature occurred. The hypothermia lasted significantly longer than the tremor. Neither the anticholinergic nor the dopaminergic anti-Parkinson drugs altered the hypothermic effect of physostigmine. The results show that those anti-Parkinson drugs, which act by increasing the dopaminergic activity can counteract the tremor induced by physostigmine. However, these drugs are clearly less active than th anticholinergic anti-Parkinson drugs. PMID- 6621716 TI - Effect of tetanus toxin on the monosynaptic reflex. AB - Tetanus toxin was injected at various doses (0.1-10,000 mouse MLD/kg) into the gastrocnemius muscle of the left hind leg of the cat. The relative excitability of the monosynaptic reflex (MSR) was increased in the very early period of the intoxication decreased in the later period, during which the MSR of the gastrocnemius was either partially or totally depressed at doses as low as 10 mouse MLD/kg. PMID- 6621717 TI - Uptake of 14C-tyramine and release of extravesicular 3H-noradrenaline in isolated perfused rabbit hearts. PMID- 6621718 TI - Effects of prenalterol and its N-homoveratryl derivative in the anaesthetized cat. PMID- 6621719 TI - Saturation characteristics, Ca2+ ions and drug-induced block of cardiac Isi mediated action potentials. PMID- 6621720 TI - [Lateral bony entrapment of lumbosacral nerve roots]. PMID- 6621722 TI - [Clinical significance of degenerative disorders of the lumbar spine and consequences of their demonstration. Neurosurgical aspects]. PMID- 6621721 TI - [Clinical significance of degenerative disorders of the lumbar spine and consequences of their demonstration. Radiodiagnostic aspects]. PMID- 6621723 TI - [Clinical significance of degenerative disorders of the lumbar spine and consequences of their demonstration. Insurance medicine aspects: estimation of risk]. PMID- 6621724 TI - [New study on the secondary prevention of myocardial infarct using oral anticoagulants]. PMID- 6621725 TI - [Colon carcinoma following cholecystectomy]. PMID- 6621726 TI - [A nomogram for the testing of a difference between 2 leukocyte counts]. PMID- 6621727 TI - [Lifelong anticoagulant treatment following heart infarct on appeal]. PMID- 6621728 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the Netherlands and United States]. PMID- 6621729 TI - [Substitution therapy in agammaglobulinemia]. PMID- 6621730 TI - [Spinach: A source of nitrite poisoning in young children]. PMID- 6621731 TI - [Medical quality control concealed in clinical papers]. PMID- 6621732 TI - [Altered perspective of agammaglobulinemia]. PMID- 6621733 TI - [Import of cholera. Is cholera vaccination necessary?]. PMID- 6621734 TI - [Will there be too many physicians or do future physicians work too much? A critical consideration of the preliminary recommendation of the Vorst Commission]. PMID- 6621735 TI - [Metabolic acidosis in a patient with kidney dysfunction following administration of cholestyramine]. PMID- 6621736 TI - Are we overusing antibiotics? PMID- 6621737 TI - Changing views of women in medicine. PMID- 6621739 TI - Medical consultation and referral: a cooperative effort in patient care. PMID- 6621738 TI - A practical, inexpensive office management of Bartholin's cyst and abscess. PMID- 6621740 TI - Nebraska physician manpower: 1970-1980. PMID- 6621741 TI - [Features of the dynamic reorganization of the receptive fields of visual neurons of the cerebral cortex and lateral geniculate body in the cat in response to changes in the parameters of photic stimulation]. AB - Influence of parameters of local light stimulation of different points of receptive fields on characteristics of previously observed dynamic reorganization of recorded receptive fields of visual cortex and lateral geniculate neurons in time microintervals was studied in details in computer-controlled acute experiments on unanesthetized immobilized cats. The dependence of this process on the background illumination level, on intensity, contrast, area, duration, energy and orientation of a local rectangular or round light stimulus flashing in a random order at 100 points of the tested part of the visual field was determined. The analysis of the data obtained suggests a specificity of the influence of the background illumination level, intensity, area, duration and orientation of the stimulus on the dynamic reorganization of the receptive field. All the parameters were revealed to have a significant nonmonotonic influence on the receptive field parameters. The found effect is discussed for its probable functional significance and a possibility of its participation in process of information coding in the visual system. PMID- 6621742 TI - [Orientational tuning of visual cortex neurons to different stimulus intensities in the cat]. AB - The orientation tuning of field 17 neurons of the visual cortex was studied in immobilized and unanesthetized cats under different intensities of test light slits and constant light background. Orientation tuning of five neurons was invariant to stimulus intensity: their preferential orientation did not change. Thirteen cells were variable as during the change of the contrast they showed a statistically significant displacement of orientation tuning from 22 degrees to 90 degrees. Changes in other neurons were not significant. Invariant neurons differed from variable ones in several characteristics. The mechanisms of orientation tuning changes during contrast variations are discussed. PMID- 6621743 TI - [Responses of neurons of the upper cervical segments of the spinal cord in the cat to stimulation of the locomotor region of the brain stem with different frequencies]. AB - Synaptic responses of C2 and C3 neurons to stimulation of medullary or midbrain locomotor points were recorded extracellularly in mesencephalic cats. Neurons excited with a firing index of 0.4-0.6 at a stimulation frequency of 2 S-1 retained this index at frequencies of 20-60 S-1 too. Many neurons with the low firing index under the stimulation frequency of 2 S-1 increased it to 0.4-0.6 under high frequency. More than a half of neurons were excited by stimulation of both ipsi- and contralateral locomotor points; a quarter of units responded to stimulation of locomotor points both in the medulla and in the midbrain. The neurons under study were located at a distance of 1.8-4.2 mm from the dorsal surface of the spinal cord. Average latencies of responses with a firing index more than 0.5 were distributed between 2 and 30 ms with a mode of 2-8 ms. Long latency responses had significant fluctuations of latency. A possible participation of the investigated neurons in the propagation of activity from the brain stem locomotor region to stepping generators in the spinal cord is discussed. PMID- 6621744 TI - [Responses of caudate nucleus neurons to different visual stimuli in the actively awake cat]. AB - The responses of caudate neurons to diffuse or local (a slit) light stimuli were studied extracellularly in alert cats during natural fixation of the gaze. The number of neurons responding to local light stimulation was much higher than that responding to diffuse light. Local light stimulation produced more extensive inhibition of neuronal activity as well as "off" responses. Some neurons responded selectively to the orientation of slits. All neuronal responses were recorded with latencies of 40-90 ms. The participation of the caudate nucleus in the analysis of visual sensory information is discussed. PMID- 6621745 TI - [Electrical connection between 2 bursting neurons in Helix pomatia]. AB - In the parietal ganglion of some Helix pomatia snails two neurons with fast bursting activity were found instead of a single RPa1 neuron. Simultaneous recording of the activity from these neurons showed an almost complete synchronization of the membrane potential waves. Direct de- or hyperpolarization of the membrane of one of the neurons (either) resulted in de- or hyperpolarization of the other. Synchronous spontaneous modulation of electrical activity of the two neurons was also observed as well as synchronous modulation caused by the addition of a modulating factor to the external solution. Electrical coupling between these neurons is postulated. PMID- 6621746 TI - [Theoretical analysis of the spike activity of a neuron with an N-shape stationary volt-ampere characteristic of the dendritic membrane]. AB - Neuronal discharge frequency as a function of depolarizing current strength was analyzed using a mathematical model. The dendritic membrane of the model neuron was characterized by an N-shaped stationary current-voltage characteristic which is now confirmed experimentally. The potential of distal dendrites with N-shaped current voltage characteristic changes from rest to stable depolarization as current rises. This change causes discharge frequency augmentation. Two smooth ranges of frequency-current characteristics are explained as follows: in the first low frequency-low current range all dendrites are at rest, and in the second high frequency-strong current range there appears stable depolarization. If stable depolarization of dendrites is a synchronous event, then there is a frequency jump between the ranges and if dendrites depolarize steadily one-by one, then there is only a nonsmooth point. The steady depolarization causes hysteresis of the frequency-current characteristic, including spontaneous discharge after cessation of strong depolarization. PMID- 6621747 TI - [Reticular neurons with double axon projections: participation in execution of the reflex startle response in the cat]. AB - Synaptic processes in the bulbar and pontine reticular neurons with mixed ascending descending axon projections were studied on chloralose-anesthetized cats during startle reaction to somatic stimulation (spino-bulbo-spinal reflex). Characteristics of these processes proved to be similar to those reported for genuine reticulospinal neurons. Evidence was obtained that as in case of reticulospinal neurons, about a half of the investigated cells were simultaneously involved in suprasegmental relay of the spino-bulbo-spinal reflexes. PMID- 6621748 TI - [Cardiac cerebral embolism]. AB - 135 cases of cardiogenic emboli to the brain are reported in view of symptoms, diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Brain embolism occurred most often in ischemic heart disease with atrial fibrillation, followed by valvular heart disease, myocardial infarction and carditis. Usually there was a sudden onset of neurological symptoms during the morning hours. Initial lapses of consciousness were a bad prognostic sign--they appeared as well as seizures more often in embolic than in thrombotic brain infarctions. The clearly higher incidence of emboli to the left cerebral hemisphere has anatomical reasons. Angiographic findings depend on the time of examination; common are occlusions of the supraclinoid portion of the internal carotid artery, media-occlusions at the trifurcation, media-branch-occlusions and disturbed middle cerebral blood flow. CT and lumbar puncture do not support the diagnosis. Cardiologic examination should include X-ray of the chest, long time electrocardiogram and echocardiography. In view of a mortality of 22 per cent and major neurological residual symptoms in 34 percent the prognosis of brain embolism is serious. Early anticoagulant therapy in the absence of brain hemorrhage in CT seems to improve the prognosis by preventing reembolization. PMID- 6621749 TI - [Hemorrhagic cerebral infarcts. Clinical aspects, computer tomography findings. Prognosis]. PMID- 6621750 TI - [Dupuytren's contracture and phenobarbital administration in epilepsy patients]. PMID- 6621751 TI - [Conjugate gaze paralysis, a prognostically relevant symptom in ischemic cerebral insult]. PMID- 6621752 TI - [Familial aggregation in the occurrence of cases of parkinsonism]. PMID- 6621753 TI - [Qualitative cerebrospinal fluid cytology in West Germany]. PMID- 6621754 TI - Use of bone mineral content determination in the evaluation of osteodystrophy among hemodialysis patients. AB - During a period of 2 years, bone mineral content (BMC) was measured regularly in patients undergoing regular dialysis treatment (RDT). Low BMC values were found to be correlated to long duration of uremia, raised alkaline phosphatase activity, hyperaluminemia, hypermagnesemia, hypophosphatemia and clinical osteodystrophy. High levels of BMC loss were found among patients with relatively high initial BMC levels and severely calciopenic patients actually gained bone density during the investigation. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity and serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were positively related to bone loss. It is suggested that the low BMC among RDT patients is caused by a predialytic loss that is arrested by entrance into a dialysis programme. Investigations using BMC or total body calcium as a measure of therapeutic effect must take account of this. The role of hypermagnesemia and hyperaluminemia remains undefined. Patients with BMC reduced below ca. 80% of normal may be candidates for treatment with active vitamin D metabolites. PMID- 6621755 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of platelet aggregation inhibitors in the blood of dialyzed patients. AB - Platelet aggregation inhibitors were isolated from the blood of dialyzed patients by high-performance liquid chromatography. At least two inhibitors exist in the blood of dialyzed patients. These inhibitors not only inhibit platelet aggregation, but also suppress the chemiluminescence response of platelet. The chromatographic behaviors and the results of enzymatic digestion suggested that these inhibitors are relatively low molecular weight nonpeptidic substances. PMID- 6621756 TI - Lack of evidence for a role for prostaglandins in the mediation of impaired urinary concentrating ability in Bartter's syndrome. AB - Imparied urinary concentrating ability in Bartter's syndrome may result in part from overproduction of prostaglandins and from the defect in chloride reabsorption by the loop of Henle, or both. To assess the role of prostaglandins, concentration of the urine before and after treatment with prostaglandin inhibitors was studied in 3 patients with this syndrome, taking a constant metabolic diet. Maximal urinary osmolality was determined after overnight fluid deprivation and during infusion of Pitressin. The studies were repeated after 4 days of treatment with the prostaglandin inhibitors, indomethacin and ibuprofen. The maximal urinary osmolality was 694 +/- 39 and 717 +/- 78 mosm/kg, and solute clearance was 1.3 +/- 0.3 and 1.2 +/- 0.5 ml/min for the control and treatment periods, respectively. Prostaglandin inhibitors failed to increase the maximal urinary osmolality or solute clearance. The data thus suggest that factors other than prostaglandin overproduction cause the impairment in urinary concentration in Bartter's syndrome. The defective chloride transport with a loss of interstitial hyperosmolality may be one such factor. PMID- 6621757 TI - Activation of tubuloglomerular feedback in rat nephrons by sera from rabbits with fulminant hepatic failure. AB - Experiments were designed to determine whether substance(s) other than electrolytes might activate tubuloglomerular feedback in experimental fulminant hepatic failure. Severe hepatic damage and renal dysfunction were induced by intravenous administration of D-galactosamine. Sera from normal or D galactosamine-treated rabbits were dialyzed against glucose solution to reduce electrolyte concentrations. Tubuloglomerular feedback response was evaluated in rat nephrons by measuring the early proximal flow rate (EPFR) during orthograde perfusion of the loop of Henle. EPFR was reduced by 28 and 48% with Ringer's solution and sera from D-galactosamine-treated rabbits, respectively, but was not altered by normal sera. Substance(s) other than electrolytes in the sera from D galactosamine-treated rabbits might activate the tubuloglomerular feedback to reduce glomerular filtration. PMID- 6621758 TI - Relationship of proteinuria and albuminuria to posture and to urine collection period. AB - Urines of 6 normal subjects, collected during three consecutive 12-hour periods, were examined for proteinuria and albuminuria. During the first period, subjects were kept in the upright position, and during the next two periods in the recumbent position. Both position (upright and recumbent) and the urine collection period (day or night) significantly modify protein and albumin excretion. Proteinuria is more sensitive to different posture and albuminuria to different times of urine collection. PMID- 6621759 TI - Treatment of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone by long loop diuretics. PMID- 6621760 TI - X-ray microanalysis of uremic nephrocalcinosis. AB - The nature of uremic nephrocalcinosis was studied by means of X-ray microanalysis in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. The data show that calcified deposits in the renal parenchyma of uremic rats contained substantial amounts of calcium, magnesium, aluminum and silicon. Since calcificates did not reveal a uniform composition they were arbitrarily divided into 3 categories: 'high-calcium' with Mg:Al:Si: Ca molar ratios 7:3:8:37; 'low-calcium' particles were characterized by Fe:Mg:Al:Ca:Si molar ratios 7:3:5:6:13; while 'intermediate-calcium' particles showed Al:Mg:Si:Ca molar ratios equivalent to 2:4:6:7. The variability of calcified deposits in the renal parenchyma of 5/6 nephrectomized rats might be due to different sources, different environmental conditions along the nephron and different stages of calcification process. It is suggested that aluminum and silicon content of deposits may be of value in further characterization of uremic nephrocalcinosis. PMID- 6621761 TI - Localization of intrarenal cross-linked fibrin in children with various renal diseases. AB - The localization of intrarenal cross-linked fibrin was examined by the effect of monochloroacetic acid treatment on the kidney sections. In acute glomerulonephritis or in mild diffuse or focal proliferative type of nephritis, cross-linked fibrin was observed mainly within glomerular capillary walls. Extension of cross-linked fibrin deposit over the mesangium or sclerotic area was seen in moderate to severe proliferative type of nephritis or in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. In hemolytic uremic syndrome or disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome, cross-linked fibrin was detected within glomeruli and vessels. PMID- 6621762 TI - [Barbiturate therapy in neurosurgery]. AB - Thirty patients with an acute midbrain syndrome were treated by high dose barbiturate therapy. Of these patients 19 had a severe head injury. In 8 patients the symptoms of acute midbrain syndrome developed after subarachnoid haemorrhage. In three patients these symptoms were caused by postoperative swelling or ischaemia. The results of those patients, who were treated with barbiturates after head injury were much better than in 16 other patients, who had no barbiturates. The indications for high dose barbiturate therapy in neurosurgery are discussed with reference to other publications and to the pathophysiological effects of barbiturates. PMID- 6621764 TI - [Multiple meningiomas at various levels of the cerebromedullary axis]. AB - Two cases, each with two meningiomas are reported. Their peculiarity consists in the fact that the different tumours developed at different times and in widely separated locations in the supratentorial and spinal regions. The possibility of dissemination via the cerebrospinal fluid and of a multifocal origin is discussed, as well as the grade of malignancy. PMID- 6621763 TI - Proximal ligation of the anterior cerebral artery for the treatment of the anterior communicating aneurysms. AB - Forty-six patients with aneurysms of the anterior communicating complex, have been operated on in our clinic, by proximal ligation of the anterior cerebral artery. All but two are back at their previous employment and two deaths have been reported. We feel that this operation should still retain a place in the treatment of these aneurysms, if cases are carefully selected. PMID- 6621765 TI - Extradural spinal meningiomas. Report of two cases. AB - Extradural spinal meningiomas are infrequent. The relevant clinical literature and the present case histories demonstrate that purely extradural meningiomas do not essentially differ from the common intradural types. They show the same histology, the same frequent location in the thoracic spine and the well-known sex preponderance of female patients. During operation, an extradural meningioma may easily be mistaken for a spinal metastasis. Intraoperative histology is, therefore, decisive for adequate surgical treatment. The resection of the tumour should include a generous excision of the adjacent dura. PMID- 6621766 TI - Primary cranial vault lymphoma mimicking a meningioma. AB - Primary extra-lymph node lymphomas are not uncommon but they often cause difficulty in diagnosis because they mimic other conditions. We present a case of primary lymphoma arising from the skull vault and masquerading clinically and radiologically as a meningioma, the true diagnosis of which was established only after operation. PMID- 6621767 TI - [Influence of alpha-methyl-prednisolone on perifocal brain edema--CT observations in ten patients with circumscribed supratentorial brain tumours]. AB - Under treatment of peritumoural brain oedema with 6-methyl-prednisolone, in most cases there are no significant density changes to be seen on the CT although there is undoubted clinical improvement. In order to get data for an optimal timing of pre-operative treatment with steroids we had to prove the effect of 6 methyl-prednisolone (Urbason, Hoechst) with intermittent measurements of the so called CT "Region of interest" in always the same parts of the perifocal brain oedema for seven days pre-operatively. This study was carried out in ten patients with solitary supratentorial brain tumours. CT measurements on the first day without medication, continued with an initial dosage of 1000 mg Urbason, followed by 3 X 40 mg daily during the second to the fifth day, and finally on the seventh day after the steroid was stopped. In all cases we found increasing attenuation coefficients due to decreasing oedema with a peak on the fourth and fifth days. PMID- 6621768 TI - [Fibrous dysplasia of the skull]. PMID- 6621769 TI - Differential effect of cholesterol on two types of 5-hydroxytryptamine binding sites. AB - The specific binding of [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine ([3H]5-HT, [3H]serotonin) to rat cerebral cortex is increased approximately 1.5 to 2.0 fold by cholesterol hydrogen succinate (CHS) and is solubilized into the supernatant fraction by 12 mM CHS. [3H]5-HT binding sites can be constituted by incubating the supernatant fraction obtained from CHS-treated cerebral cortex with cerebellum in which no significant [3H]5-HT binding is detectable. The constituted [3H]5-HT binding could be displaced by unlabeled 5-HT, d-lysergic acid diethylamide (d-LSD) and spiperone as could the binding to cortex membranes. Unlabeled 5-HT, d-LSD and spiperone each inhibited specific [3H]5-HT binding to constituted binding sites by 50% at about 1 X 10(-9) M. Specific [3H]spiperone binding was not detectable in the constituted membranes. Stearic acid which is reported to have similar effects on membrane fluidity as cholesterol also increased specific [3H]5-HT binding in cortical membranes. Stearic acid does not affect specific [3H]spiperone binding. These results suggest that [3H]5-HT and [3H]spiperone binding sites are affected differently by membrane fluidity. PMID- 6621770 TI - Relationship between changes in free cholesterol and pyrophosphomevalonate decarboxylase activity during myelination. AB - The patterns of cholesterol content in chick brain and liver were studied during embryonic development and compared with the variations in the specific activities of mevalonate-activating enzymes during the same period. Total cholesterol content in both embryonic chick brain and liver increased during incubation. The relative percentage of free cholesterol was always maintained over 85% in brain, while in liver this percentage decreased to less than 10% during the later days of incubation. A straight parallelism was observed between free cholesterol and pyrophosphomevalonate decarboxylase activity in the embryonic brain. On the other hand, the hepatic decarboxylase exhibited a lower specific activity than in brain and did not show significant variations throughout the same period of incubation. Changes in brain pyrophosphomevalonate decarboxylase activity were more pronounced than those observed in both mevalonate kinase and phosphomevalonate kinase activities, in spite of that the specific activity of decarboxylase was the lowest of the three mevalonate-activating enzymes, suggesting that this reaction is one rate-limiting step for cholesterogenesis during myelination. PMID- 6621771 TI - Amphetamine-stimulated release of endogenous dopamine from the rat caudate nucleus in vivo. AB - The in vivo release of endogenous dopamine (DA) has been measured from the rat caudate nucleus. A push-pull cannula was implanted into the brain and the tissue was perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) containing amphetamine in concentrations ranging from 5 X 10(-3) to 5 X 10(-7) M. The DA released into the perfusate was determined by a radioenzymatic procedure. DA release was increased to levels significantly above its resting rate by amphetamine concentrations of 5 X 10(-6) M or greater. Release stimulated by 5 X 10(-5) M amphetamine was significantly reduced by removing calcium from the perfusing fluid; the unstimulated release rate was not significantly affected. The concentrations of amphetamine required to increase DA release in vivo would appear to be similar to those found in the brain following intraperitoneal doses which produce increases in locomotor activity and stereotyped behavior. PMID- 6621772 TI - Two proteins associated with cerebellar hypoplasia in jaundiced Gunn rats. AB - Two cerebellar proteins with apparent molecular weights of 250,000 (GR-250) and 50,000 (GR-50) are closely associated with cerebellar hypoplasia in jaundiced homozygous Gunn rats. These proteins, found in Gunn rat cerebellum (4-60 days of age) and cerebrum as well as staggerer mouse cerebellum, were studied with electrophoretic techniques. After 8 days of life, GR-250 decreased and GR-50 increased in the homozygous Gunn rat cerebellum. The pI's of GR-250 and GR-50 were 4.7-5.8 and 4.6-4.9, respectively, and the former protein was shown to bind to Concanavalin A. A comparative study between cerebella of Gunn rats and staggerer mice revealed that GR-250 and P400, a protein generally thought to be characteristic of the Purkinje cells, were identical. Evidence was also obtained showing that GR-250 was present in the Gunn rat cerebrum. GR-50 was not detectable in the staggerer mouse cerebellum but instead, a protein (MW 47,000) was found to be increased in the mutant mouse cerebellum. PMID- 6621773 TI - Kinetic analysis of the accumulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid by particulate fractions of rat brain: comparison of the effects of nipecotic acid and cis-3 aminocyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid. AB - Kinetic analyses indicate that nipecotic acid and cis-3-aminocyclohexane-1 carboxylic acid (cis-3-ACHC) inhibit GABA accumulation by similar mechanisms of action. Both amino acids are competitive inhibitors of particulate GABA accumulation when GABA and the inhibitor are added simultaneously to tissue fractions. However, preincubating the tissue with either amino acid produces noncompetitive inhibition of GABA accumulation at low concentrations of inhibitor and mixed inhibition at higher concentrations. The possible roles of intrasynaptosomal mechanisms and of astroglia in producing these effects are discussed. The most notable difference between cis-3-ACHC and the other amino acid inhibitors of GABA accumulation, such as nipecotic acid, cis-4-OH-nipecotic acid, guvacine, beta-proline, homo-beta-proline, and 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DABA), is that cis-3-ACHC is approximately 3.5 times more potent as an inhibitor following preincubation. Thus, while cis-3-ACHC does inhibit GABA transport, its major site of action in the synaptosome may be intracellular. PMID- 6621774 TI - Growth of neural cell cultures in a chemically defined, serum-free culture medium. AB - The composition of a serum-free, completely chemically defined culture medium which supports active growth of dissociated neural-cells in culture is described. This serum-free medium can also be used to grow many types of human cell lines without modification. It is the first report which describes the development of a wholly chemically defined, synthetic culture medium for growth of neural cells. PMID- 6621775 TI - Taurine depletion of lactating rats: effects of developing pups. AB - Taurine is in high concentration in the milk of most mammals. Intraperitoneal injection of [35S]taurine into lactating rats leads to the appearance of label in the milk, and the dpm/ml milk are significantly decreased by treatment with guanidinoethyl sulfonate (GES), an analog of taurine. Pups nursed by GES-treated mothers have retinal taurine levels about 45% lower than controls during the period from birth to 17 days old suggesting a dependence of retinal taurine on dietary intake during the neonatal period. These deficits in taurine may be associated with visual dysfunction as seen in adult rats depleted of retinal taurine. PMID- 6621776 TI - Cysteine sulfinic acid uptake in cultured neuronal and glial cells. AB - The presence of an efficient high affinity uptake system for L-CSA has been demonstrated in cultured neuronal and glial cells of various types. In neurons and most glial cells L-CSA uptake is inhibited by acidic amino acids, L-glutamate and L-aspartate and requires sodium ions; however the sodium dependence varies from one cell type to the other. The characteristics of the uptake system change during cell maturation, especially in astroblasts. The predominance of CSA uptake in glial cells as compared to neurons, the similarity of the kinetic parameters and of the structural specificity of L-glutamate uptake suggest that both excitatory amino acids are transported by a common system. In view of accumulating evidence, the present results are in agreement with a role of CSA as a neurotransmitter and as a precursor for taurine biosynthesis in the central nervous system. PMID- 6621777 TI - The effect of various amino acids and drugs on the para- and meta hydroxyphenylacetic acid concentrations in the mouse caudate nucleus. AB - Injection of L-p-tyrosine (800 mg/kg, 2 h) increased the mouse striatal para hydroxyphenylacetic acid (p-HPAA) concentrations. A smaller dose of D,L-m tyrosine (20 mg/kg, 2 h) produced a larger increase in mouse striatal meta hydroxyphenylacetic acid (m-HPAA) concentrations. The administration of L phenylalanine to mice caused a slight increase in the p-HPAA concentration in the corpus striatum after 2 h while a larger dose of L-phenylalanine (800 mg/kg) produced a greater increase. Eight hours following L-phenylalanine injection, p HPAA concentrations were still elevated. With D-phenylalanine a significant increase was observed at eight hours after drug administration. Two drugs which reduce dopamine synthesis, alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine and apomorphine, decreased m-HPAA striatal concentrations without affecting p-HPAA concentrations. From these results, it is proposed that tyrosine hydroxylase activity determines p HPAA concentrations by regulating p-tyrosine availability. This enzyme may also synthesize m-tyrosine which is subsequently decarboxylated to form m-tyramine and then oxidatively deaminated to form m-HPAA. PMID- 6621778 TI - Mass spectral and hydrolytic determination of amino acid sequences in synaptosomal peptides from calf brain. AB - Calf brain synaptosomes contained acidic peptides, which could be separated into two spots with two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. These two spots contained several peptides or their partial degradation products. Mass spectrometry and various hydrolytic procedures were used in order to determine their amino acid sequences. The following original structures could be identified: N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamyl-taurine, N-acetylaspartyl-taurine, N acetylglutamyl-taurine, aspartyl-taurine, glutamyl-taurine and seryl-taurine in one spot, and N-acetylaspartyl-glycyl-alanyl-aspartyl-serine or -phosphoserine, alanyl-glycyl-glutamyl-serine or -phosphoserine, glutamyl-alanyl-glycyl-glutamyl serine, glutamyl-aspartyl-phosphoserine and glutamyl-seryl-seryl-alanyl-aspartic acid in the second spot. PMID- 6621779 TI - Activation of fluoride-stimulated adenylate cyclase by phospholipase A2 in the caudate nucleus of the rat brain. AB - Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) increases adenylate cyclase (AC) activity in the rat caudate nucleus in a dose-dependent manner. After maximal stimulation by fluoride, PLA2 treatment further increases AC activity 2.4 fold. Adenylate cyclase activity is maximal after 45% hydrolysis of the phospholipids. Of the products of PLA2 treatment only lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) produces such an increase in AC activity. In contrast to PLA2 treatment, LPC solubilizes the enzyme, decreases the Km value for ATP, and requires much larger amounts of LPC than that produced by lipase treatment. After maximal stimulation with fluoride and PLA2, removal of most of the LPC does not reduce the activity of adenylate cyclase. These findings suggest that removal of membrane lipid rather than generation of LPC is responsible for the activation of brain adenylate cyclase by phospholipase A2. PMID- 6621780 TI - Protein analysis of myelin isolated from the CNS of fish: developmental and species comparisons. AB - The protein composition of myelin isolated from the CNS of four different fish species (trout, goldfish), eel, Tilapia) was analysed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and compared with that of pig and rat brain. Thereby the following features were found typical to the myelin of fish: (1) a basic protein of particular low molecular weight, (2) the entire absence of Wolfgram protein, (3) the appearance of an additional major component of medium molecular weight (around 36,000) and (4) a strong Con A-affinity exhibited by the intermediate proteins, being most clearly discernible in trout and eel myelin. During development of the trout brain, in particular, a myelin fraction could first be isolated from the brainstem at 14 days after hatching and the myelin yield steadily increased during the first year of life. In tectum and cerebellum main myelin accumulation was stated during the third and seventh month. Concomitantly marked changes in the relative distribution of major myelin proteins were observed: especially the IP1-protein showed a marked increase during the first half year, while the relative amount of the 36-K protein was gradually declining during the same time. PMID- 6621782 TI - [Nonsuture small vessel replacement using microballoon catheter]. PMID- 6621781 TI - Characterization of acetylcholinesterase molecular forms in slow and fast muscle of rat. AB - Multiple molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase (AChE EC 3.1.1.7) from fast and slow muscle of rat were examined by velocity sedimentation. The fast extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL) hydrolyzed acetylcholine at a rate of 110 mumol/g wet weight/hr and possessed three molecular forms with apparent sedimentation coefficients of 4S, 10S, and 16S which contribute about 50, 35, and 15% of the AChE activity. The slow soleus muscle hydrolyzed acetylcholine at a rate of 55 mumol/g wet weight/hr and has a 4S, 10S, 12S, and 16S form which contribute 22, 18, 34, and 26% of AChE activity, respectively. A single band of AChE activity was observed when a 1M NaCl extract with CsCl (0.38 g/ml) was centrifuged to equilibrium. Peak AChE activity from EDL and SOL extracts were found at 1.29 g/ml. Resedimentation of peak activity from CsCl gradients resulted in all molecular forms previously found in both muscles. Addition of a protease inhibitor phenylmethylsulfonyl chloride did not change the pattern of distribution. The 4S form of both muscles was extracted with low ionic strength buffer while the 10S, 12S, and 16S forms required high ionic strength and detergent for efficient solubilization. All molecular forms of both muscles have an apparent Km of 2 x 10(-4) M, showed substrate inhibition, and were inhibited by BW284C51, a specific inhibitor of AChE. The difference between these muscles in regards to their AChE activity, as well as in the proportional distribution of molecular forms, may be correlated with sites of localization and differences in the contractile activity of these muscles. PMID- 6621783 TI - [Embolization and detached balloon occlusion by the femoral route in craniofacial lesions]. AB - Embolization and detached balloon occlusion by the femoral route were performed in 45 cases: 19 cases of meningiomas, 5 of scalp arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), 4 of dural AVMs, 6 of cerebral AVMs, 8 of facial angiomas and 3 of carotid cavernous sinus fistulas (CCFs); and favorable results were attained. In meningiomas, there is only a short interval between the embolization and the removal of tumor (we usually perform the embolization a couple of days before the removal), and we use Gelfoam as embolus material. We aim at central tumor embolization with small emboli. The embolization reduced bleeding in removing the tumors, simplifying the surgical procedure, and 12 of 19 cases required no blood transfusion. Almost all cases of scalp AVMs, dural AVMs and facial angiomas could most probably be cured only by the embolization without surgery. Gelfoam was the first choice, because it would probably dissolve, and also because it would be relatively safe even if pulmonary embolism might occur as a result of probable passage of its emboli onto the venous side. In recanalized cases, the embolization was performed again with Ivalon, a permanent embolus material. The most important of this procedure is to inject the emboli of the suitable size for each case together with a suitable contrast material at as low a rate as possible under the image intensifier. Embolization by the injection pressure should never be tried, but the emboli be allowed to be carried only on the blood flow to the distal side. And the embolization should be discontinued at the stage when the contrast material has stagnated. CCFs are very good indications for the detached balloon occlusion, while this technic proved to serve for no more than occluding the feeding vessels in cerebral AVMs; in other words, it is indicated in a rather limited range of AVMs. We have encountered no severe complications in any of the cases treated by the embolization and detached balloon occlusion. PMID- 6621785 TI - [Cerebral blood flow dynamics of spontaneous occlusion of the circle of Willis (Part 1)--comparison between electrophysiological findings and neuroradiological findings]. AB - Four cases (2 children and 2 adults) of spontaneous occlusion of the circle of Willis were studied using EEG, somatosensory evoked potential (SEP), cerebral angiography and CT scan. The following results were obtained. 1) Among the above described parameters, SEP was the most useful to detect the ischemic change in the thalamus when the obstruction of the posterior part of the circle of Willis extends, even before a low density lesion of the thalamus appears on CT. 2) In child cases, a decrease in the amplitude N3 of SEP was observed after hyperventilation. It was speculated that this finding of SEP might be correlated with the mild cortical ischemia due to vasoconstriction and "rebuild up" phenomenon in EEG after hyperventilation. PMID- 6621784 TI - [Effect of diltiazem on experimental cerebral vasospasm incomparison with effects of cinnarizine, verapamil and nifedipine]. AB - The contractile activity of arterial muscle cells is controlled by the intercellular free Ca2+ concentration. The membrane systems of both the cell surface and internal organs, seem to be responsible for controlling the myoplasmic Ca2+ level. The mechanism of action of Ca2+ antagonists, typified by verapamil and nifedipine, has been postulated to be a blockade of transmembrane calcium influx. In this study, the vasodilating effect of diltiazem on experimental cerebral vasospasm in vivo was examined using dogs and was compared with those of cinnarizine, verapamil and nifedipine which have already been reported by us. Cerebral vasospasms were induced in adult dogs by injecting 5 ml of fresh arterial blood into the cisterna magna. 10(-6)M diltiazem was injected by one shot into the vertebral artery with cerebral vasospasm. Dilatation of the cerebral arteries were monitored by angiography after administration of diltiazem. Blood pressure, intracranial pressure and pulse rate were measured during intravenous application of the drug in normal animals. Administration of diltiazem released the vasospasm for 30 minutes comparable to the times of the other Ca2+ antagonists. Diltiazem had cerebral vasodilator actions similar to cinnarizine at doses that did not decrease systemic blood pressure, while the other drugs decreased intracranial pressure slightly and nifedipine decreased pulse rate slightly. Therefore, we consider diltiazem to be satisfactory for the treatment of experimental cerebral vasospasm. PMID- 6621786 TI - [Postoperative evaluation of extracranial-intracranial (EC/IC) arterial bypass using ultrasonic quantitative flow measurement (UQFM) and the computed mapping of EEG (CME)]. PMID- 6621787 TI - [Involvements of multiple cranial arteries in a case of temporal arteritis demonstrated by arteriography]. PMID- 6621788 TI - [A case of skull and dural metastases of carcinoid tumor of the urinary bladder]. PMID- 6621790 TI - [Transcranial extirpation of hypophyseal tumors]. PMID- 6621789 TI - [Subdural hematoma due to metastatic dural carcinomatosis associated with DIC--a case report]. AB - This 74-year-old female suddenly complained of severe headache, nausea, vomiting and dizziness on June 19, 1981. She was brought to nearby hospital. During the following six days, the state of consciousness gradually worsened and left-sided hemiparesis and convulsion attack arose and she was admitted to our clinic on June 25, 1981. Cerebral angiograms revealed an aneurysm of the right middle cerebral artery. Diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage due to the rupture of an aneurysm was tentatively made and conservative therapy was done. On the second hospital day, she had nasal bleeding and began to excrete tar-like stool. Laboratory examination revealed thrombocytopenia, increase of FDP and prolongation of prothrombin time. Her liver and renal functions gradually worsened after this episode. On the 13th hospital day, she expired. General autopsy showed wide spread adenocarcinoma with metastases to the lung, lymph nodes and bones. Examination of the head revealed an unruptured aneurysm and bilateral diffuse subdural clotted hemorrhage. The dura was tightly adherent to the skull and partially thickened. No abnormal findings were found in the brain. On microscopical examination of the dura, there were fresh hemorrhage and many of the innumerable dilated small vessels contained tumor in the inner dural layer. Even by extensive examination, the origin of the malignancy could not be identified. We concluded that the initial symptoms just like of subarachnoid hemorrhage were due to the dural metastasis and subdural hematoma. Sixteen cases of subdural hematoma secondary to metastatic neoplasm were reported previously. We made some discussion about the pathogenesis and symptomatology of this type of subdural hematoma. PMID- 6621791 TI - [Review of 28 cases of sphenoidal ridge meningiomas--clinical features, neuroradiological findings and surgical results]. PMID- 6621792 TI - [Experimental tremor induced by VMT lesion in monkeys--neuroanatomical study]. AB - Ventromedial portion of the mesencephalic tegmentum in a monkey is known as one of the major target to produce experimental tremor. By Ohye's method, we made lesions at the above mentioned target in 18 monkeys. Out of them, 5 showed hemiparesis and cubital joint flexion on the contralateral side which are known as precursors of experimental tremor of this kind. In these 5 monkeys, we made neuroanatomical studies on various relating nuclei and neural pathways by Nissl and silver impregnation methods. Results are as follows: 1. The lesion involved at the parvocellular part of red nucleus and the area located ventromedial to the red nucleus. 2. Silver impregnation revealed degenerated nerve fibers and terminals in the ipsilateral globus pallidus, putamen, nucleus olivaris inferior (major accessorius medialis), thalamus (VA, VPL, Cn. Md, Pcn, Cl major VL, X, VI) and bilateral substantia nigra. In conclusion, blocking of projecting fibers to VI, VL and X seems to elicit an experimental tremor. PMID- 6621793 TI - [Diagnostic value of serial computerized tomographic scanning in acute head injury]. PMID- 6621794 TI - [Multilocular encapsulated intracerebral hematoma]. AB - Encapsulated intracerebral hematoma is so rarely seen that only two cases have been reported, by Hirsh et al. Recently, we experienced a case of multilocular encapsulated intracerebral hematoma containing 9 to 10 capsules of different sizes. The capsules of the hematoma were easily dissected from the surrounding brain tissues and found to be grayish white in color, tough in hardness and 1 to 3 mm in thickness. The capsular contents ranged from very old to relatively new, which contents were hard on soft solid hematomas, liquid hematomas or xanthochromic fluid. These findings indicated the development of intracerebral hematomas with different chronic courses at different times. It is very interesting that the frequency of the convulsive seizure was almost consistent with the number of capsules. For etiology of multilocular intracerebral hematoma, either occult vascular malformation or bleeding from the sinusoidal channel layer of the capsules like that of chronic subdural hematoma is considered. PMID- 6621795 TI - [A choroid plexus papilloma of the third ventricle in the neonatal period--a case report]. AB - The incidence of choroid plexus papilloma is about 0.5% of all intracranial tumors, but choroid plexus papilloma in the third ventricle is rare. Fortuna reported 56 cases of choroid plexus papilloma of the third ventricle in 1979. Among them, the neoplasm of the third ventricle in the neonatal period was not found. This report is a case of choroid plexus papilloma of the third ventricle in the neonatal period. A 34 day-old female was admitted to our service with complaints of head enlargement, vomiting, and convulsive seizures on January 8, 1981. Enlarged head had been noticed by her family within the first two weeks. On admission, a marked congenital hydrocephalus was diagnosed by CT scan with symmetrical dilated ventricles and no abnormal high or low density area, and V-P shunt was performed on the next day. But several days later, she suffered from progressive abdominal distension, which was disclosed due to CSF overproduction by a choroid plexus papilloma. When the tumor was recognised by enhanced CT scan, her general condition was too poor to attempt a surgical procedure, and she died on March, 19, 1981. Histologically the neoplasm was a typical choroid plexus papilloma of the third ventricle. So far as we know, this case is the first one of the choroid plexus papilloma of the third ventricle in the neonatal period. PMID- 6621796 TI - [Villaret's syndrome due to extra-cranial internal carotid aneurysm: a case report]. AB - A 69 year-old male was admitted to our clinic with the chief complaint of hoarseness and difficulty in swallowing. These symptoms occurred about 5 months after penetrating neck injury. Neurological examination revealed right ninth to twelfth cranial nerves palsy and Horner's syndrome. Plain skull X-P demonstrated two broken pieces of glass below the right mastoid processus. The right carotid angiogram showed a 45 x 25 mm aneurysm originated from the right internal carotid artery just below the carotid canal. As the first operation, gradual occlusion of right internal carotid artery combined with the right STA-MCA anastomosis was performed. But two days after complete occlusion, left hemiparesis and pseudobulbar palsy appeared. Two months after such episode, aneurysm and the pieces of glass were removed. He discharged on foot with the improvement of the symptoms of lower cranial nerves. Villaret's syndrome caused by the traumatic aneurysm of extracranial internal carotid artery is rare. This case seems to be the first report in Japan. PMID- 6621798 TI - [A case of metrizamide encephalopathy--a review of papers in respect of prevention and therapy against major side effects of metrizamide]. PMID- 6621797 TI - [Low-dose intravenous heparin therapy for disseminated intravascular coagulation following head injury: case report]. PMID- 6621799 TI - Immunization against whooping cough: a neuropathological review. AB - The neuropathological aspects of vaccination against pertussis have been analysed. This has been done partly by considering the previous literature and partly by searching for data on any child whose death since 1960 has been thought to have a possible relationship to the vaccination. Twenty-nine in due course were identified on whom a post-mortem examination had been made. Eighteen had died within 3 weeks of inoculation - the remaining eleven had survived the initial illness but had remained retarded, epileptic and disabled. Although a variety of cerebral abnormalities were found, neither those recorded in the present study nor those abstracted from previous case reports, have demonstrated a recurring pattern of inflammatory or other damage which could be accepted as a specific reaction to immunization against whooping cough. Those reactive changes that were occasionally found appear to be indistinguishable from those seen in many other infantile encephalopathies occurring as the result of a hypoxic/ischaemic state supervening on a complex of respiratory complications, fever and convulsions. PMID- 6621800 TI - Bilirubin encephalopathy. AB - In babies of low birth weight dying in the first week of life, bilirubin encephalopathy involving the thalamus only or the thalamus and one or two other areas occurred in nineteen of 376 cases examined over a 10 year period. Although coexistent germinal layer haemorrhage was present in sixteen, this was not thought to be an aetiological factor. Bile stained hyaline membranes in nine of the nineteen were considered to indicate the possibility of protein-bound bilirubin traversing a vascular barrier in these cases. This pattern of predominant lateral thalamic involvement may indicate selective vulnerability of this area in this group. It contrasts sharply with the localization in classical kernicterus (three cases) and in a disparate group where yellow discolouration of future white matter areas was observed (thirteen cases). PMID- 6621801 TI - Neuronal death in the development and aging of the cerebral cortex of the mouse. AB - The numbers of neurons and glial cells in the cerebral cortex of the mouse have been estimated during its whole life-span (5 to 720 days), taking into account both the cellular densities of several areas and the cortical volumes. The results clearly demonstrate that there is a massive neuronal loss in the cerebral cortex during early postnatal development, greater in layers II-IV than in layers V-VI. In contrast, aging is characterized by a discrete neuronal loss in the cerebral cortex, purely restricted to layers II-IV. The number of glial cells increases continuously from 5 to 720 days. We emphasize here the need to obtain volumetric measure together with cellular densities in order to get interpretable quantitative data on cellular death and proliferation. PMID- 6621802 TI - Actions of acidic amino acids on the excitability of medial hypothalamic neurons in the rat. PMID- 6621803 TI - Induction of estrous behavior in ovariectomized rats by sequential replacement of estrogen and progesterone to the ventromedial hypothalamus. AB - The present experiment was designed to determine whether sequential replacement of estrogen and progesterone to the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) would be sufficient to induce estrous behavior in ovariectomized rats. Bilateral cannulae containing 17 beta-estradiol (E2) diluted with cholesterol (1:250) were lowered into the VMH, preoptic area or midbrain and left in place for 4 days. On day 5, the E2 inserts were removed and P-filled cannulae were lowered into half of the subjects. The remaining females received systemic progesterone (500 micrograms). This steroid regimen was repeated 2 weeks later with the mode of progesterone administration reversed. All subjects were tested for estrous behavior twice after progesterone treatment. In a second experiment, 3H-P:P-filled cannulae were lowered into the VMH of estrogen-primed females in order to estimate the extent of hormone spread from full-strength P-filled cannulae. Results indicated that estrogen and progesterone stimulation of the VMH is sufficient to activate estrous behavior in spayed female rats, however, precise localization of the hormone implants within the VMH is essential. 9 of the 11 females with both cannulae located within or at the border of the ventromedial nucleus (VMN) exhibited estrous behavior whereas only half of the females with only one implant resting in the VMN exhibited estrous responsiveness. Subjects with neither cannula located within or at the border of the VMN did not exhibit the behavior. The facilitative effects of P appeared to result from hormonal stimulation of the VMH and not from leakage of the steroid into other brain regions or into the systemic circulation. Following placement of tritiated progesterone implants into the VMH, high levels of radioactivity were recovered only from the mediobasal hypothalamus. The low levels of radioactivity measured in other brain regions, pituitary, uterus and blood indicate that relatively little if any hormone reached these tissues. PMID- 6621804 TI - Vasopressin and oxytocin precursors as model preprohormones. AB - Using a combination of in vitro methodology, including cell-free translation, two dimensional peptide mapping and recombinant DNA techniques, the structure of the precursors of the hypothalamic nonapeptide hormones vasopressin and oxytocin has been elucidated. Both hormone precursors are model cellular polyproteins in that they comprise several different entities within the same polypeptide molecule. In each precursor, the nonapeptide hormone follows immediately the signal peptide and is, in turn, attached to its respective carrier neurophysin. The vasopressin precursor also includes a pituitary glycoprotein at its C-terminus. The posttranslational processing of the precursors to set free the nonapeptide hormones is thus a critical regulatory step, which can in part be simulated in the quasi in vivo system of the Xenopus laevis oocyte. The preprohormones to vasopressin and oxytocin illustrate well the convenience of the in vitro experimental approach in understanding the function of the peptidergic neuron. PMID- 6621805 TI - Rapid anaplastic transformation of gliomas in childhood. PMID- 6621806 TI - Sleep state and respiration in newborn infants undergoing phototherapy. PMID- 6621807 TI - Independent changes in cerebrospinal fluid and in blood pH and lactate concentrations in children with purulent meningitis. AB - In order to evaluate the relationship of the hydrogen and lactate concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with those in the blood, three groups of children were studied: Group I, (n=20) with purulent meningitis (PM); Group II, (n=20) with metabolic acidosis and Group III, (n=17) with suspicion of septicemia but no metabolic acidosis. In all infants a CSF sample was obtained for cytochemical analysis, culture as well as pH and lactate determinations; the latter two were also measured in a blood sample obtained simultaneously. In group I, the CSF [H+] and [lactate] were higher than in the blood (p less than 0.001 and less than 0.01 respectively) and no significant correlation was observed between the CSF and blood values. In group II, no such differences existed in [H+] and [lactate] between both compartments and again no correlation was disclosed between CSF and blood values. In group III only the [H+] was higher in CSF than in blood (p less than 0.01) and a significant correlation was observed between both compartments (r = 0.486, p less than 0.05). The existence of differences in group I among the CSF and blood [H+] and [lactate], along with the lack of correlation between CSF and blood [H+] or [lactate], could suggest that such compartmental changes are independent from each other. However, the variations were quite large and thus, the biological significance of this observation could be questioned. PMID- 6621808 TI - Transient sixth cranial nerve paralysis in the newborn infant. AB - During a three months period 472 newborns between the fourth and eighth day of life were examined neurologically. Three of them had lateral rectus muscle paralysis. Two of the three were delivered by forceps. A follow up examination in six weeks showed that ocular movements spontaneously returned to normal. The children developed normally without neurological or ophthalmological sequelae. The cause and the localisation of the lesion will be discussed. PMID- 6621809 TI - Effects of vestibular-proprioceptive stimulation on the neurobehavioral development of preterm infants: a pilot study. AB - This paper reports the results of an intervention study which assessed the effects of compensatory vestibular-proprioceptive stimulation provided by waterbed flotation on the neurobehavioral development of preterm infants. The subjects, who were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups before they were four days old, consisted of infants who were on ventilators for severe RDS. Twenty infants were tested with a new neurobehavioral assessment procedure when they were between 34 and 35 weeks conceptional age. The examiner, a pediatric neurologist, was unaware of the group status of the subjects he examined. The results showed that infants in the experimental group performed significantly better in attending and pursuing animate and inanimate visual and auditory stimuli, demonstrated more mature spontaneous motor behavior, showed significantly fewer signs of irritability and/or hypertonicity and were more than twice as often in th visually alert, inactive state. The assessment procedure, which can be used for longitudinal evaluation of infants ranging between 24 and 36 weeks conceptional age, shows promise of becoming generally useful as a research instrument. Our preliminary results show that the procedure discriminated between an experimental and control group, that inter-observer reliability was readily established and that test-retest reliability is very high in a number of important areas of neurobehavioral functioning. PMID- 6621811 TI - Arteriovenous angioma of the vein of Galen causing cardiac failure in the neonate. Report on clinical and pathological findings in two cases. AB - Clinical details of two cases of arteriovenous angioma of the vein of Galen are presented. In one case a diffuse meningo-cerebral angiodysplasia was found at necropsy. Due to a large arteriovenous shunt both cases became apparent in the neonatal period by progressive and fatal heart failure as the main clinical feature. Increased head circumference and a loud cranial bruit suggested the final diagnosis. Improvement of diagnostic work-up by computerized axial tomography and two-dimensional ultrasound with less discomfort to the patient is emphasized. PMID- 6621810 TI - Prognosis of severe head injuries in childhood and adolescence. AB - In a retrospective, non-random study, the effect of supplementary medical treatment (Dexamethasone, barbiturates) was investigated upon the prognosis of severe head injuries. Of 107 children and adolescents up to 16 years of age, 51 were treated with Dexamethasone; 56 received only standard therapy. Evaluation of the results shows that Dexamethasone therapy in high doses clearly reduced mortality in cases of severe head injuries (from 33.3% to 13.6%) without causing any noteworthy neurological defects. Among the individual types of injury, the effect was most evident in cases of intracranial hematoma (drop in mortality from 36.8% to 11.8%). On the other hand, definitive effects of therapy could not be established in the most severely injured patients with extreme brain damage and those with milder forms of trauma without substantial cerebral edema. Barbiturates were given only when severe intracranial pressure could not be alleviated by other means. Remission was successful in a few cases but the total number is not yet sufficient for a conclusive evaluation. Further important factors for prognosis are: depth and length of the initial disturbance of consciousness, age, concomitant injuries as well as some peculiarities of childhood and adolescence (tendency to develop severe cerebral edemas, clustering of atypical intracranial hematomas). PMID- 6621812 TI - Cholinergic mechanisms of analgesia produced by physostigmine, morphine and cold water swimming. AB - This study concerns the cholinergic involvement in three experimental procedures which produce analgesia. Rats were given one of seven treatments: saline (1.0 ml/kg, i.p.); morphine sulfate (3.5, 6.0 or 9.0 mg/kg, i.p.); physostigmine salicylate (0.65 mg/kg, i.p.); warm water swim (3.5 min at 28 degrees C); and cold water swim (3.5 min at 2 degrees C). Each rat was tested on a hot plate (59.1 degrees C) once prior to and 30 min after treatment. Immediately after the last test the rats were killed with focussed microwave radiation. Levels of acetylcholine (ACh) and choline (Ch) in six brain areas (brain stem, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, midbrain, cerebellum and striatum) were analyzed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. Morphine (9.0 mg/kg), physostigmine and cold water swimming caused significant analgesia. Morphine elevated the levels of ACh in the cerebellum and striatum, cold water swimming--in the cerebellum, striatum and cortex, and physostigmine--in the striatum and hippocampus. Levels of choline were elevated by morphine in the cerebellum, cortex and hippocampus, while cold water swimming elevated levels of choline in the cerebellum, cortex, striatum and hippocampus. Physostigmine did not change levels of choline in any of the brain areas studied. These data suggest that the analgetic effects of morphine or cold water swimming may be mediated by components of the cholinergic system that differ from those involved in the analgetic effects of physostigmine. PMID- 6621813 TI - Lesion of forebrain nuclei reveals possible presynaptic cholinergic muscarinic receptors in rat cerebral cortex. AB - In rats, three days after unilateral lesion of magnocellular basal forebrain nuclei, binding of L-[3H]-quinuclidinyl benzilate, and acetylcholinesterase activity decreased significantly in the ipsilateral and, to a lesser extent, in the contralateral cerebral cortex. This result suggests the existence of presynaptic muscarinic receptors in the cortical projections of these nuclei. After 14 days, the binding increased on both sides while the level of acetylcholinesterase activity remained low. These findings suggest that deafferentation causes ultimately an increase in postsynaptic receptors. PMID- 6621814 TI - Effects of dopamine on spontaneous and evoked activity of caudate neurons. AB - This study examined the effects of dopamine (DA), pressure ejected from multi barrelled micropipettes, on the spontaneous and evoked activity of caudate neurons, recorded extracellularly in rats anesthetized with urethane. Neurons were categorized according to their discharge latencies in response to supramaximal cortical stimulation: neurons which fired with latencies less than 13 msec were classified "short-latency-discharge neurons", while neurons with latencies greater than or equal to 13 msec were classified "long-latency discharge neurons". This procedure also allowed the detection of neurons with low levels of spontaneous activity. The predominant effect of DA on both neuronal types was inhibition of spontaneous activity. However, DA exerted a modulatory effect in that spontaneous activity was inhibited at "doses" which did not affect activity evoked by cortical stimulation. Although DA-induced excitation was infrequent, it was significantly more prevalent among long-latency neurons than among short-latency-discharge neurons. Long-latency-discharge neurons were also significantly more spontaneously active than were short-latency neurons. In rats depleted of endogenous DA by treatment with reserpine, caudate neurons had significantly increased rates of spontaneous and evoked activity, shorter duration of stimulus-evoked inhibition, and longer latency for evoked discharges than in control rats. These results suggest that DA exerts modulatory effects on caudate neuronal activity. Furthermore, these results suggest that short- and long-latency-discharge neuronal groups may consist of pharmacologically, as well as physiologically, distinct neuronal types. PMID- 6621815 TI - Cholinoceptive properties of respiratory neurones in the rat medulla. AB - The effects of iontophoretically applied acetylcholine, the acetylcholine agonists nicotine and muscarine, and the antagonists atropine, dihydro-beta erythroidine (DH beta E) and mecamylamine, together with the excitatory amino acids, glutamate and D,L-homocysteic acid (DLH) were examined on the activity of respiratory-related neurones in the rat medulla and were compared with effects on non-respiratory brain stem neurones. Most neurones were excited by acetylcholine and no inhibitory responses were seen. Glutamate and DLH also excited but there was a trend for the phasic activity of respiratory neurones to be converted to a tonic discharge. Nicotine also excited most neurones to which it was applied and these responses were blocked by DH beta E but not by atropine. Muscarine also caused excitation and these responses were blocked by atropine but not by DH beta E. Both antagonists blocked acetylcholine-induced excitation but had no effect on responses to glutamate or DLH. Mecamylamine was without effect. It is concluded that the proportion of cholinoceptive respiratory neurones in the rat brain stem is similar to that for non-respiratory neurones. It seems likely that both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors are present on the majority of respiratory neurones and that both contribute to the response produced by iontophoretically applied acetylcholine. PMID- 6621816 TI - Convulsant activity of pyridoxal sulphate and phosphonoethyl pyridoxal: antagonism by GABA and its synthetic analogues. AB - Pyridoxal phosphate and its synthetic analogues--pyridoxal 5'-sulphate and the 5 phosphonoethyl analogue of pyridoxal (phosphonoethyl pyridoxal) in doses of 0.125 0.250 (mumol/10 microliters/i.c.v./rat), caused epileptic seizures characterized by running fits, vocalization, muscular fasciculation and tonic-clonic convulsions. These effects were specific and could not be demonstrated with 5' deoxypyridoxal, N-methylpyridoxal phosphate or the 5-trans-carboxyethenyl analogue of pyridoxal phosphate (carboxyethenyl pyridoxal). Structure-activity relationships of these analogues indicated that the presence of a CHO in position 4 of the pyridine ring was essential, since its conversion to CH2NH2 or CH2OH abolished activity. The presence of an unsubstituted N was essential, since convulsions did not occur with N-methylpyridoxal phosphate. The presence of the hydroxyl group in position 5' was essential since 5'-deoxypyridoxal was inactive. The convulsive activity was potentiated in the presence of both CHO and PO4, CHO and CH2--CH2PO2-4 but especially CHO and --OSO23-- groups. This seizure activity was prevented, attenuated or reversed by intracerebroventricular administration of 20 microliter of GABA (1 mumol), muscimol (0.025 mumol), trans-4-aminocrotonic acid (0.25 mumol), isoguvacine (0.25 mumol) or THIP (0.25 mumol), but not by biogenic amines. An understanding of the mechanism of pyridoxal phosphate-related seizures may provide additional insights not only about GABA receptor sites but also about the biochemical manifestation and expression of epilepsy. PMID- 6621817 TI - The influence of GABAergic drugs on PGO activity in the cat. AB - The effects of drugs modifying GABAergic neurotransmission have been examined on ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) waves induced in the encephale isole cat by reserpine (PGOres), Ro4-1284 (PGO1284) or PCPA (PGOPCPA). The GABA agonists muscimol and THIP both caused large increases in density of PGOPCPA. The PGO1284 and PGOres were less affected although, of these, a larger increase in PGO1284 density was recorded. None of the increases could be reversed by subsequent injection of bicuculline. Chlordiazepoxide brought about large increases in PGOPCPA density but was ineffective in altering PGOres or PGO1284. The GABA transaminase inhibitor gamma-acetylenic GABA increased the density of all PGO waves but was not effective in the case of PGOPCPA. These results confirm a role for GABA in modulating PGO activity. The pathways involved in this GABA modulation are discussed. PMID- 6621818 TI - Ketamine-induced changes in kindled amygdaloid seizures. PMID- 6621820 TI - The action of mephenesin and other agents on the effects produced by two neurotoxic pyrethroids in the intact and spinal rat. PMID- 6621819 TI - Central cardiovascular action of penicillin in anaesthetized dogs and rats. AB - Penicillin (2-3 mg X kg-1) administered into the cisterna magna (i.c.) of dogs anaesthetized with alpha-chloralose induced a significant increase in mean blood pressure (MBP) and bradycardia, whereas intravenous injections of the same doses had negligible effects. Moreover, dogs receiving central injections of penicillin showed seizures abolished by administration of decamethonium bromide (100 micrograms X kg-1, i.v.). In urethane anaesthetized rats, intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of penicillin (0.3-3 mg X kg-1) caused dose-dependent increases in mean blood pressure while the intravenous route led to opposite effects. gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (1 mg X kg-1), its agonist muscimol (2 micrograms X kg-1) and the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine (1 micrograms X kg-1) injected intracisternally induced hypotension and bradycardia in dogs. These effects were abolished in animals pretreated with penicillin. In rats, the same agents injected intraventricularly respectively at 0.5 mg X kg-1, 0.5 micrograms X kg-1 induced also hypotension. The effect of clonidine only, was antagonized by pretreatment with penicillin, while penicillin administered at the peak of the hypotensive effect caused by GABA or muscimol reversed it. It is suggested that penicillin acts centrally as a GABA-antagonist, and that the cardiovascular effects of clonidine seem to be mediated, at least in part, by the stimulation of a GABAergic pathway controlling the autonomic nervous system. PMID- 6621821 TI - Amino acids injected into the cerebroventricular system induce an enhancement of reflex bradycardia in the rat. AB - The effects of administration of taurine, GABA and glycine, into the lateral cerebral ventricle, on cardiovascular function were assessed in urethane anaesthetized rats. Intraventricular administration of either taurine (10-30 micrograms), GABA (5-20 micrograms) or glycine (5-20 micrograms) caused a dose dependent decrease in both the heart rate and the mean arterial pressure. For example, both the heart rate and the mean arterial pressure fell almost immediately and reached their minimum levels about 5 min after an injection of 20 micrograms of taurine. The cardiovascular responses recovered about 30 min after the injection of taurine. Also, reflex bradycardia was produced in the rats by intravenous infusion of adrenaline (1-5 micrograms/kg). Intraventricular pretreatment of the rats with either taurine, GABA or glycine, although causing no change in the adrenaline-induced pressor effect, did enhance the adrenaline induced reflex bradycardia. However, pretreatment of the rats intravenously with the same dose of taurine, GABA or glycine had no effect on the adrenaline-induced bradycardia. These data indicate that these amino acids act through a central mechanism to facilitate reflex bradycardia mediated through baroceptor reflexes in response to an acute increase in arterial pressure. PMID- 6621822 TI - Effect of maternal ethanol administration on synaptic vesicles development in heart of rat offspring. AB - In rats exposed to ethanol either prenatally or both pre- and postnatally, the development of cardiac vesicular uptake of 3H-norepinephrine was nearly normal. However, the body and heart was lower than controls. PMID- 6621823 TI - A characterization of LSD-antagonist effects of pirenperone in the rat. AB - Rats were trained to discriminate between intraperitoneal injections of 0.16 mg/kg of d-lysergic acid diethylamide (d-LSD) and injections of saline in the two bar (FR 10) food-reinforced drug discrimination procedure. The gradient for responses to LSD was established following pretreatment with saline or one of five doses of pirenperone. It was found that pretreatment with pirenperone caused a parallel shift to the right of the dose-effect curve of LSD. The magnitude of this shift was related to the dose of pirenperone, 0.006 mg/kg of the drug causing a 2-fold shift. A direct linear plot revealed that the curve fitting the data points passed through the origin, but that it was curvilinear rather than linear. The data did not, therefore, accommodate the requirements for reversible, competitive interaction. This finding is discussed in terms of the mixed agonist/antagonist activity of LSD that may occur at binding sites for 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 in the rat brain. PMID- 6621824 TI - Effects of oxytocin and (1-penicillamine,4-threonine) oxytocin on thermoregulation in rats. PMID- 6621825 TI - Diazepam potentiates GABA-, but not adenosine-mediated, inhibition of neurons of the nigral pars reticulata. AB - Experiments were conducted to assess the relative roles of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and adenosine in mediating the inhibition of neuronal activity by diazepam injected intravenously. Recent studies have shown that benzodiazepines inhibit, in a dose-dependent manner, the firing of neurons in the substantia nigra pars reticulata. In support of a predominantly GABAergic mechanism for this inhibitory action, a small dose of diazepam (50 micrograms/kg, i.v.), which itself had little effect on cell firing, significantly potentiated the inhibitory responses of neurons of the pars reticulata to muscimol, a potent GABA agonist given intravenously, and significantly and selectively potentiated the inhibition of reticulata neurons by GABA applied iontophoretically. In contrast to their extreme sensitivity to GABAergic inhibition, neurons of the pars reticulata were comparatively insensitive to systemically and iontophoretically administered adenosine-related drugs. However, in those instances when inhibitions could be achieved with iontophoretically applied adenosine-5'-monophosphate, the inhibitory responses were not significantly modified by a 50 micrograms/kg (i.v.) dose of diazepam. These findings, considered in light of differences in GABA and adenosine receptor densities within the substantia nigra, suggest that the benzodiazepine-induced inhibition of neurons of the nigral pars reticulata most likely involves potentiation of GABA but not adenosine-mediated influences. PMID- 6621826 TI - On the site of pentylenetetrazol-induced enhancement of auditory responses of the reticular formation: localized cooling and electrical stimulation studies. AB - Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), administered systemically, enhanced the auditory responses of neurons of the mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF). Responses evoked in the mesencephalic reticular formation by electrical stimuli in several primary auditory nuclei (cochlear nucleus, superior olivary complex and lateral lemniscus, but not inferior colliculus) were also enhanced by pentylenetetrazol in the majority of cases. Bilateral cryoprobe cooling in the lateral lemniscal tract substantially reduced the auditory-evoked field potentials (EPs) in the mesencephalic reticular formation before and after administration of pentylenetetrazol. Cooling in the inferior colliculus (IC) produced a small reduction in auditory-evoked field potentials in the mesencephalic reticular formation before drug but a more substantial degree of reduction after administration of pentylenetetrazol. A relatively small degree of pentylenetetrazol-induced enhancement of the response was seen in neurons of the inferior colliculus (158% of control) as compared to that of neurons in the mesencephalic reticular formation (410%). These findings would be consistent with the reported ability of pentylenetetrazol to block presynaptic inhibition if the input from the inferior colliculus to the mesencephalic reticular formation has inhibitory as well as excitatory components. These data along with the present authors' recent finding of enhancement of response with microapplication of convulsants strongly suggest that enhancement of responses of neurons of the mesencephalic reticular formation, induced by systemically administered convulsants such as pentylenetetrazol is exerted, to a large extent, by direct actions on synaptic elements of the reticular formation. PMID- 6621827 TI - The distribution of cholecystokinin and vasoactive intestinal peptide in rhesus monkey brain as determined by radioimmunoassay. AB - The concentration of cholecystokinin (CCK) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in dissected cortical and subcortical areas of four rhesus monkeys' brains was determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Cerebral cortical samples from one human brain are included for comparison. Preliminary data from two baboon brains are described. The results are similar to previous studies on rat (1-7), human (7 12), porcine (12,13), bovine (3) and guinea pig brains (14) and indicate that: 1) both CCK and VIP are widely distributed in cortical and subcortical areas in these species, 2) CCK is generally more abundant than VIP in primate brain, and 3) the distribution of CCK and VIP in the rat brain parallel those in infrahuman primate and human brain. PMID- 6621828 TI - Peripheral vasodilation and plasma extravasation are part of the mechanism of neurotensin-induced hypotension in the anesthetized rat. PMID- 6621829 TI - Postmortal degradation of neuropeptides in the neurohypophysis. AB - Porcine neurophysin proteins as well as oxytocin and lys-vasopressin were extracted from fresh (immediately after death) and stored (10, 20 and 60 min, 6, 12 and 24 hours) pituitary posterior lobes. Analyses were performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In fresh tissue all forms of neurophysin proteins were present, the pattern of distribution of the neurophysins, oxytocin and lys-vasopressin did not change during the period of storage while other unknown peaks showed degradation. Posterior pituitary glands can be used for the preparation of neurophysin proteins, oxytocin and lys vasopressin within 24 hours after death. PMID- 6621830 TI - [Sphincter control training of the mentally retarded. Operant behavioral approach]. PMID- 6621831 TI - [Trisomy 4p. Mirror duplication of the short arm of chromosome 4 de novo]. PMID- 6621832 TI - [Capacities for referential communication in mentally handicapped speakers]. PMID- 6621833 TI - [A pamphlet for admission to the hospital. Use in the surgical pediatric service]. PMID- 6621834 TI - [Parental authority in adolescence. Bichat conference 1982]. PMID- 6621836 TI - Isodense colloid cysts of the third ventricle: a diagnostic and therapeutic problem resolved by ventriculoscopy. AB - Eighteen patients with a colloid cyst of the 3rd ventricle presented to the Frenchay Hospital Neurosurgery Unit. The investigations included computed tomography (CT). Of these patients, 9 had radiographically isodense cysts that caused considerable diagnostic difficulties, being described only as an anterior 3rd ventricular space-occupying lesion and lateral ventricular dilatation in all but 2 cases. The clinical findings are described and the CT appearance is discussed. The new use of ventriculoscopy may resolve the problem rapidly; ventriculoscopy made the diagnosis in 5 cases and confirmed a CT diagnosis in 3 others. (It has also confirmed the diagnosis in 2 cases of hyperdense cysts.) Lately, it has been possible to aspirate the cyst contents endoscopically or, if the colloid is too viscous, to remove it with endoscopic rongeurs. After either of these procedures, the cyst wall can be coagulated with diathermy endoscopically. The method is described, and the advantages over other investigations and treatment are discussed. PMID- 6621835 TI - Analysis and distribution of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) in biological specimens. AB - We have developed a sensitive (100 ppb), easily performed high performance liquid chromatography (ultraviolet) assay for 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) in biological fluids and tissues. This assay has been used to determine drug levels in plasma and brain of normal dogs receiving BCNU (10 mg/kg) with three infusion protocols: (a) intravenous (5- to 10-minute infusion), (b) intracarotid (30- to 60-minute infusion), and (c) intracarotid (10-minute infusion). The levels of BCNU in the ipsilateral brain were maximized (11.0 and 14.4 micrograms/ml) after the 10-minute intracarotid administration. These levels were 2- to 3-fold greater than those seen using alternative infusions. These direct measurement studies provide strong support for intracarotid BCNU therapy of patients with malignant glioma, PMID- 6621837 TI - Spontaneous saphenous neuralgia. AB - Six patients representing seven cases of spontaneous (nontraumatic) saphenous neuralgia secondary to entrapment of the nerve in the subsartorial canal are presented. All patients complained of medial knee and leg pain. Clinical findings included tenderness over the subsartorial canal and sensory changes in the cutaneous distribution of one or both terminal branches of the saphenous nerve. The diagnosis was confirmed by saphenous nerve block in all cases. All patients were treated operatively, which resulted in symptomatic improvement. All six patients initially underwent external neurolysis; however, three patients required saphenous neurectomy for recurrent symptoms. Saphenous neuralgia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of medial lower extremity pain. PMID- 6621838 TI - Management and outcome of pineal region tumors. AB - The management and outcome of 45 patients with tumors in the pineal region are reviewed. The overall male to female ratio was 2:1, and over one-half of the patients presented during the 2nd decade of life. Sixteen of the 21 survivors are presently gainfully employed and suffer only minor deficits. Two of 3 survivors in whom the lesion was biopsied harbored germinomas, while the third had an epidermoid. Among the 18 nonsurvivors, all of whom died of their tumors, 15 succumbed within 2 1/2 years of hospital admission. Twelve of the 13 nonsurvivors in whom histological confirmation was obtained by operation or autopsy had malignant tumors. Computed axial tomography was helpful in making the diagnosis of tumor type in 7 of the 11 cases with confirmed pathology. Cerebrospinal fluid cytology disclosed malignant cells in 4 of 11 patients with proven pineal malignancy. Irradiation and shunting were performed in nearly all survivors and in a little over one-half of the nonsurvivors. Where noninvasive studies are equivocal for malignancy, biopsy may be indicated. PMID- 6621840 TI - Preoperative embolization of intracranial meningiomas. AB - The operative and histopathological findings in 31 cases of intracranial meningioma after preoperative embolization with Gelfoam and/or lyophilized dura mater are reported. Removal of the tumor after embolization was facilitated in those meningiomas fed exclusively or mainly by branches of the external carotid artery (29 of 31). Large areas of tumor necrosis were never seen on histopathological examination, even when suggested by large regions of decreased density on the postembolization computed tomographic scan. Preoperative embolization of the feeding vessels arising from the external carotid artery system has proven to be a useful adjunct before the resection of intracranial meningiomas. PMID- 6621839 TI - Compression injuries of the cervical spine: a biomechanical analysis. AB - Three intact cadavers and 10 isolated cervical spinal columns underwent compression, with forces directed vertically, forward, or rearward. Failure modes were often different than force directions. The loads required to produce bony injury or ligamentous disruption ranged from 645 to 7439 N. Flexion and extension injuries were produced at approximately 50% of the loads required for axial compression failures. The direction of force delivery correlated only partially with the resulting pathological condition. Clinical decisions based on retrospective analysis of roentgenograms may not account for the variability of forces and the prominence of ligament injuries seen in spinal trauma. Some of the difficulties encountered in biomechanical analyses of spinal trauma are discussed. PMID- 6621841 TI - Computerized electroencephalogram monitoring and carotid artery shunting. AB - During carotid artery surgery, ischemic electroencephalogram (EEG) changes were detected by computerized analysis in 27 of 225 carotid clamping intervals. All but 7 of these changes resolved spontaneously before the restoration of blood flow. Restored flow was associated, after variable delay, with an improved EEG pattern in 6 of 7 cases. Of 27 EEG episodes, there were 5 cases in which the EEG event persisted for 10 minutes or longer. All 5 patients developed new neurological deficits; none of the other patients did. It is suggested that all patients undergoing carotid artery surgery be monitored with EEG and that a shunt be placed if a persistent EEG change is noted. PMID- 6621843 TI - Comparison of high resolution real time ultrasonography and high resolution computed tomography in an infant with spinal dysraphism. AB - An infant with a lumbosacral spinal subcutaneous and intraspinal lipoma involving the conus medullaris was studied with computed tomography and high resolution real time ultrasonography to determine the extent and location of the disease before operation. The high resolution ultrasonogram demonstrated the abnormality with good detail and the added advantage of real time display of the lack of pulsatile mobility of the neural elements, confirming spinal cord tethering. Spinal high resolution ultrasonography is a noninvasive diagnostic tool in infants with spinal abnormalities and should be an important part of a neurosurgeon's diagnostic support system. PMID- 6621842 TI - Management of hydrocephalus secondary to intraventricular hemorrhage in the preterm infant with a subcutaneous ventricular catheter reservoir. AB - To control hydrocephalus resulting from massive intraventricular hemorrhage in premature neonates with respiratory distress syndrome, we inserted a specially designed low profile subcutaneous ventricular catheter reservoir (reservoir) by the 12th day of life (average; range, 3 to 30 days) in 20 neonates whose mean birth weight was 1110 +/- 270 g (28.7 +/- 1.6 weeks of gestation). The reservoir was repeatedly aspirated over 10 to 48 days. No cerebrospinal fluid infection, reservoir obstruction, or breakdown of the skin overlying the reservoir occurred. Serial computed tomographic scans documented control of the hydrocephalus and an increase in the thickness of the cortical mantle of the survivors. No mortality was associated with placement of the reservoir or its subsequent conversion, if necessary, to a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. However, only 7 of the 20 infants survived. On follow-up 3 to 5 years later, 2 of the 7 have normal intellectual and motor development. Two infants are normal intellectually, but have a motor deficit. The remaining 3 patients have both significant intellectual and motor developmental delay. The use of the reservoir is offered as a safe and effective alternative to repeated ventricular punctures, external ventricular drainage, or initial shunting. Aggressive management of hydrocephalus secondary to intraventricular hemorrhage may improve neurological function in some surviving neonates. PMID- 6621844 TI - Persistent trigeminal artery with internal carotid artery occlusion. AB - A patient with a persistent trigeminal artery and occlusion of the internal carotid artery is presented. The development and protective hemodynamic significance of this persistent embryological anastomosis are briefly discussed. PMID- 6621845 TI - Computed tomography of traumatic atlantooccipital dislocation. AB - Although atlantooccipital dislocation is a well-recognized radiological entity, its computed tomographic (CT) recognition has not been previously described. It is the purpose of this report to show the complementary role of CT in precisely defining the abnormalities in both the coronal and the sagittal reconstruction planes. A case is presented and the literature is reviewed. PMID- 6621846 TI - Fatal complication of the "bonnet bypass": case report. AB - A patient with transient ischemic attacks and an occluded right common carotid artery underwent a left superficial temporal artery to right middle cerebral artery vein graft (bonnet bypass). One week after operation, minor trauma to the scalp caused avulsion of the anastomosis and a massive fatal acute subdural hematoma. The mechanism of the vascular avulsion and precautions to be taken to avoid such problems in other patients undergoing this procedure are discussed. PMID- 6621847 TI - Spinal extradural benign synovial or ganglion cyst: case report and review of the literature. PMID- 6621848 TI - Perspectives in international neurosurgery: neurosurgery in Nigeria. PMID- 6621849 TI - Attempts to validate a classification of unipolar depression based on family data. Symptomatological aspects. AB - 162 depressed patients, consecutively admitted to the Department of Psychiatry, Umea University, were rated by means of the comprehensive psychopathological rating scale (CPRS) within a few days after their admission, and before any antidepressive treatment had been implemented. The same patients were later subdivided into groups according to the presence or absence of psychiatric illness among their first-degree relatives. Four groups were thus formed: depression pure disease (DPD), i.e., comprised of patients with only secondary cases of depression; depression spectrum disease (DSD), comprised of patients with secondary cases of both depression and alcoholism and antisocial personality among their first-degree relatives; positive family history-others (FH+.O), included those patients with first-degree relatives affected by other psychiatric disorders than those required for inclusion among the DSD; and finally, sporadic depression (SD), comprised of those patients who had no family loading at all. The results showed that the severity of illness was similar in all four groups. Only a few symptomatological differences emerged, and these related consistently to a higher frequency of symptoms of retardation (inability to feel, lassitude, and concentration difficulties) in the DSD group as compared to the SD group. No significant symptomatological differences occurred between patients in the DPD and DSD groups. It is concluded that a classification of unipolar patients based on family data does not predict the occurrence of various symptomatological patterns. PMID- 6621850 TI - Prolactin and growth hormone response to levodopa in affective illness. AB - Prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) response to L-Dopa have been studied in 51 affectively ill women (26 unipolar and 25 bipolar) before and after amitriptyline treatment and in 14 normal female controls. There was no difference in GH response to L-dopa in all groups studied except for bipolar postmenopausal women, who showed a blunted GH response to L-Dopa compared to bipolar premenopausal women. After amitriptyline treatment, no difference in GH response was found in all groups studied. Basal PRL levels were significantly lower in unipolar premenopausal and bipolar premenopausal patients in comparison to their controls. PRL response to L-Dopa was significantly less inhibited in postmenopausal controls than in premenopausal controls and in bipolar premenopausal patients compared to premenopausal controls. These data provide further evidence of hypothalamo-pituitary dysfunction in subgroups of affective disorders and emphasize the importance of considering the menopausal status in neuroendocrine studies of psychiatric disorders. PMID- 6621851 TI - Cardiac effects of clomipramine treatment. ECG and left ventricular systolic time intervals. AB - ECGs and left ventricular systolic time intervals were studied in 26 patients suffering from major depressive disorder treated with clomipramine. ECGs did not show, with one exception, drug-induced changes. The ratio of pre-ejection period to left ventricular ejection time, both corrected for heart rate (PEPc/LVETc), presented no significant changes, as compared with initial findings, in the group of patients considered as a whole. 27% of patients, however, showed individual percent changes greater than 8%, both increases and decreases having been observed. Cardiac findings were in no way related to clomipramine plasma levels. PMID- 6621852 TI - Effects of scopolamine on stimulus sensitivity and response bias in a visual vigilance task. AB - Signal detection analysis was used to examine the effects of scopolamine on a visual vigilance task. A group of non-smokers performed the 60-min task on three separate occasions, receiving a different dose of scopolamine each time. Scopolamine significantly lowered stimulus sensitivity and prevented the rise in response bias which occurred over time in the placebo condition. In a second study methscopolamine was found to have no effect on either stimulus sensitivity or response bias, showing that peripheral cholinergic blockade was not involved in the effects of scopolamine on these measures. It is concluded (1) that in this study central cholinergic blockade disrupted vigilance performance by lowering stimulus sensitivity, and (2) that this finding provides further evidence that central cholinergic pathways are involved in the control of human information processing. PMID- 6621853 TI - A computerised EEG-analyzing system for small laboratory animals. AB - The experimental setup, including instrumentation and software packaging, is described for the use of a minicomputer as an on-line analyzing system of the EEG in rats. Complete fast Fourier transformation of the EEG sampled in 15 episodes of 10 s each is plotted out within 7 min after the start of registration of the EEG signal. The influence of high voltage spikes, spindles and baseline drift on the power density spectrum is shown and a method of clipping is presented that excludes these kinds of artefacts. The normalized standard error of the power density estimate is determined by the smoothing procedure and is at maximum 26%. PMID- 6621854 TI - EEG evaluation of drug effects in the rat. AB - A test procedure, inducing a defined state of vigilance in rats, has been investigated to ascertain its usefulness for EEG monitoring of the effects of drugs. In order to prevent spontaneous fluctuations in the level of vigilance, rats were trained to walk in a slowly rotating treadwheel. The level of vigilance recorded under these conditions could be shifted by amphetamine, 1.0 mg/kg p.o., to a higher state of arousal, as shown by a reduction in power in all frequency bands, and by diazepam, 0.3 mg/kg p.o., to a lower state of arousal, as indicated by a rise in the activity at low frequencies. Imipramine (1.0, 3.0 and 10.0 mg/kg p.o.) caused a dose-related reduction in power in the intermediate frequency bands (3-18 Hz). PMID- 6621855 TI - Effects of antidepressants on the EEG of the rat. AB - The aim of the study was to detect whether antidepressants cause specific EEG effects in rats. The results presented are based on quantitative evaluation of a series of 6-min vigilance-controlled EEG recordings in rats under standardized conditions. Standard conditions comprised: a vigilance control, a rigid test procedure in which drugs and rats are divided according to a Greek-Latin square, and the same electrode placement. Computer analyses are based on an analysis of variance for which the averaged power spectral values are used as input. The use of a moving window technique in this type of EEG studies is introduced in comparison to the well-known use of fixed frequency bands. A number of antidepressants have been tested and several common characteristics are found. PMID- 6621856 TI - Sleep in various species of laboratory animals. AB - There are distinct differences, but also marked similarities between the quantitative and qualitative sleep parameters of various species of laboratory animals. The increasing use of computers and the automatic, powerful methods of EEG analysis in sleep research give rise to the belief that in the near future the sleep of the various species may be better differentiated. However, one commonly encountered problem when attempting to compare sleep patterns of different species is the use of different brain areas as recording sites. This is further accentuated by the use of different reference electrodes (for example, monopolar or bipolar recordings, different distance of the recording electrode pair). We propose, therefore, that one agrees on two definite electrodes which would provide a reference recording and could be used besides others. A suitable placement for a monopolar recording in sleep studies could be the placement of one electrode above the occipital cortex and of the other, indifferent electrode, in the os frontale, nasal to the brain. PMID- 6621857 TI - Confirmatory and exploratory analysis applied to pharmaco-EEG and related study data: contradiction or useful enrichment? AB - Besides hypothesis testing, which should be done as sparingly as possible, the measured or observed data should be described as extensively as possible. The traditional reliance on profiles of the mean responses may neglect useful information, and such profiles may also be misleading. With the aid of exploratory data analysis, different aspects of the structure of a data set can be considered. 'Data snooping' may discover coherences, non-trivial structures and peculiarities, which lead to a new hypothesis or to new mathematical statistical models. It is, in our opinion, a necessity to consider exploratory and confirmatory data analyses in conjunction. This will be illustrated by examples taken from pharmaco-EEG studies. PMID- 6621858 TI - Contingent negative variation and phobic disorders. AB - The authors studied the modifications in contingent negative variation (CNV) in a group of rupophobic subjects. A slide-projected phobogenic or a neutral stimulus was administered 5 s prior to the warning stimulus (S1). A marked reduction in CNV amplitude and the appearance of post-imperative negative variation were observed when the phobogenic stimulus was applied. No significant variations were noted after administration of a neutral stimulus. The results are discussed on the basis of psychological and neurophysiological findings concerning the relationship between attention, arousal and CNV. PMID- 6621859 TI - Subjective posttraumatic syndrome. A comparison of visual and brain stem auditory evoked responses. AB - Evoked responses testing including pattern visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) were performed in 57 subjects suffering from subjective posttraumatic syndrome (SPTS). 36 of them had loss of consciousness after head injury. Abnormalities were found in 12 subjects out of 57 (21%). In addition, the pathological findings by percentage were: 25% in subjects who had loss of consciousness after head injury (9 cases out of 36) and 14% in subjects without loss of consciousness (3 cases out of 21). Evoked response alterations were more frequent in subjects with frontal and/or occipital trauma; BAEP abnormalities were found to be more frequent than VEPs. Our findings suggest that evoked responses testing could be a useful noninvasive technique to evidence an organic dysfunction of CNS in some subjects with SPTS. PMID- 6621860 TI - Personality characteristics of depressed patients classified according to family history. AB - Personality traits were assessed in a series of 148 patients classified according to Winokur into depression pure disease (DPD), depression spectrum disease (DSD) and sporadic depression (SD) with the addition of a fourth group: family history positive-others (FH + .O) comprised of patients with psychiatric disorders among first-degree relatives other than those taken into account by Winokur. Personality was assessed by means of a Swedish inventory, the KSP, comprised of 15 subscales assumed to measure relatively stable traits. DSD patients appeared to be most deviant from the other groups in most variables. Statistically significant differences were obtained for the variable socialization, which measures the internalization of social rules on which the DSD patients scored lowest, and variables of aggression on which the DSD patients scored higher than all the others. PMID- 6621861 TI - Memory disorders in aphasia--I. Auditory immediate recall. AB - Vascular lesions within the territory of the left middle cerebral artery were identified by CT scans for 28 aphasic adults. When damage involved parts of Heschl's, middle temporal and superior temporal gyri or the inferior parietal lobule, immediate recall of binary sequences of either digits or tones was only 3 +/- 1 bits. Lesions to various loci were identified with primacy, recency, transposition, and isolated errors. The discussion considers various neural mechanisms subserving auditory immediate recall. PMID- 6621862 TI - Effects of experimenter- and self-generated imagery on the Korsakoff patient's memory performance. AB - The ability of Korsakoff patients to retain verbal information was examined as a function of self- and experimenter-generated imagery. Korsakoff and alcoholic control participants were presented 12-item paired-associate test lists following both self-and experimenter-generated imagery conditions, and baseline conditions involving no specific instructions. Participants completed a standard recall and a forced-choice recognition task 15 min and 24 hr following the learning trials for each test list. Results indicated that Korsakoff patients can utilize self generated and experimenter-generated imagery to improve performance. Experimenter generated was found to be as facilitative or mor facilitative, than self generated imagery. PMID- 6621863 TI - Aphasics' perception of words in sentential context: some real-time processing evidence. AB - The perception of words belonging to different grammatical classes was investigated in Wernicke's and Broca's aphasics. The experimental used a word monitoring task, which varied the target's word class, as well as the sentential context. The sensitivity to semantic context was very similar for both aphasic groups. Processing differences for the two groups were found, however, with respect to different word classes. It appears that Broca's aphasics are unable to process grammatical morphemes as features of a phrasal frame. Wernicke's aphasics, however, seem to retain the ability to process syntactic as well as some semantic information, at least, during sentence perception. PMID- 6621864 TI - Semantic paralexia: a release of right hemispheric function from left hemispheric control. AB - In an unselected group of aphasics those patients who produced semantic paralexias had significantly larger lesions than those without semantic paralexias. The possible mechanisms of the release of "alternative" right hemisphere reading from left hemisphere control are discussed. PMID- 6621865 TI - Olfactory functioning in temporal lobectomy patients. AB - Seventeen patients who received unilateral excision of the temporal lobe for intractable epilepsy were compared to 46 normal controls on a battery of tests of olfactory functioning. Tests included quality discrimination, immediate and delayed recognition memory, matching an odor to its visually or haptically presented source, and verbal identification of odors and the function of stimulus objects. In spite of clinically normal absolute sensitivity, the patients performed significantly worse than controls on all tests of olfactory functioning. There were no significant differences in performance between dominant and non-dominant lobectomy patients. Likely explanations for the uniformly impaired performance of patients include deficits in quality discrimination and minor lapses of attention. PMID- 6621866 TI - Stylus-maze performance in patients with frontal-lobe lesions: effects of signal valency and relationship to verbal and spatial abilities. AB - In 1964-1965 Milner demonstrated that patients with frontal lobe lesions display deficits on a stylus-maze task, and suggested that this is due to a dysfunction of the ability to change responses-set readily in accordance with varying environmental signals. Patients with frontal lobe lesions were tested on either the traditional form of the task (which emphasizes errors), or on a form which emphasizes correctness. Both groups displayed deficits, but there were no significant differences between groups. Errors were negatively correlated with spatial IQ, while rule-breakages were negatively correlated with verbal IQ. PMID- 6621867 TI - Vibrotactile subjective magnitude as a function of hand preference. AB - The vibrotactile subjective magnitudes of test stimuli were determined by a psychophysical matching technique as a function of the time interval between conditioning and test stimuli in right-, left-, and ambi-handed subjects. Ipsilateral stimulation on either hand produced equal amounts of enhancement of subjective magnitude in all subjects. Contralateral stimulation produced suppression, followed by enhancement in right- and left-handers, but produced no effect in ambi-handers. The results suggest that the bilateral neural connections of ambi-handers is different from those of right- and left-handers. PMID- 6621868 TI - On double dissociation of function. AB - In this note, the important neuropsychological paradigm of double dissociation is reviewed. It is suggested that it may be useful to view double dissociation as a type of crossover interaction. Implications of this view for conceptual and statistical analysis are briefly discussed. PMID- 6621869 TI - Evoked potential indices of selective hemispheric engagement in affective and phonetic tasks. AB - Evoked potentials (EPs) to a probe click stimulus were recorded from left and right temporal areas of dextral adults engaged in phonetic and prosodic processing of an emotionally charged tape recorded conversation. Attenuation of the probe EP amplitudes was significantly greater in the left and right hemispheres during the phonetic and prosodic tasks, respectively, indicating lateral dominance shifts depending on selective processing of linguistic vs affective cues conveyed by the same speech signals. PMID- 6621870 TI - Further evidence for asymmetry of point localization in normals and unilateral brain damaged patients. AB - The properties of errors made by normals and unilateral brain damaged patients in localizing points in each half of a plane have been further investigated. A lesion of either hemisphere affects specifically the performance in the left half of the plane, where controls attain the highest degree of constancy. Consideration of the orientation of pathologic vectors may contribute to differentiation between damage of the two hemispheres. PMID- 6621871 TI - Crossed aphasia in dextrals: a case report with special reference to site of lesion. AB - A strictly right-handed man showed aphasia and left hemiplegia following a deep infarct of the right hemisphere. Aphasic semeiology was characterized by an oral and written jargon while comprehension was almost intact. Several hypotheses previously put forward fail to account for the patient's aphasia. Emphasizing the frequency of deep structures involvement in the published cass of crossed dextral aphasias, it is suggested that site of lesion may have a certain part to play in the occurrence of such aphasias. PMID- 6621872 TI - Consistency of ear advantage: an improvement due to increase in presentation rate. AB - In this study data are reported on the reliability of scores of ear advantages obtained in two dichotic tasks, viz. category monitoring and rhyme monitoring. Stimuli were presented at a much higher rate than in earlier reported experiments. This procedure appears to be effective in producing acceptable reliable results with respect to both the direction and the magnitude of ear advantage scores. Furthermore, the data on responses to individual target words are discussed. It appears that neither stimulus characteristics of the target words alone nor strategies of the subjects can explain the major part of variation in reaction times and ear differences. It is suggested that the combination of the stimulus characteristics of the target word and of the word simultaneously presented to the other ear is a major factor determining response latencies. PMID- 6621873 TI - Semantic paralexia and the wrong hemisphere: a note on Landis, Regard, Graves and Goodglass (1983). AB - Landis et al. report a significant correlation between lesion size and the presence of semantic paralexia in an unselected series of aphasic patients. They consider that this relationship supports a right-hemisphere source for semantic errors. We advance a variety of empirical and theoretical arguments against this interpretation. PMID- 6621874 TI - Intrinsic and afferent components in apparent muscle stiffness in man. AB - The subject was asked to bring his lower arm to a prescribed position against an applied torque. He was instructed not to intervene when the torque was unexpectedly changed and this resulted in a movement to a new position. During these experiments motor unit activity of m. biceps or triceps brachii was recorded. It was found that changes in the torque are compensated by reflex induced recruitment of motor units and variations in their firing frequency. Recordings of motor unit activity revealed that in the range investigated the firing frequency of the motoneurones varied approximately linearly with the applied torque. From the results, it is concluded that afferent input plays a more important role in position control than intrinsic muscle properties. It is argued that the afferent feedback is controlled by central activation of the gamma-motoneurones. PMID- 6621875 TI - Distribution and protein synthetic activities of neuronal free and membrane-bound ribosomes during postnatal development of rat cerebral cortex. AB - The distribution and amino acid incorporative activities of free and membrane bound ribosomes in neuronal perikarya of rat cerebral cortex at successive stages of postnatal development were investigated. The relative proportion of neuronal membrane-bound ribosomes increased significantly between 6 and 18 days of age, reaching 50% of the total ribosomal population around day 18. In contrast to the neuronal fraction, the membrane-bound ribosomes in unfractionated cerebral cortex decreased from 50% at birth to 35% in 18-day-old pups. When tested in a cell-free amino acid incorporation system the activities of both free and membrane-bound ribosomes increased up to day 10 post partum. However, whereas the activity of free ribosomes reached a constant level at this age, that of the membrane-bound fraction continued to rise until 18th day after birth. Crossover experiments employing homologous or heterologous cell sap fractions showed that the preparation from the 18-day-old animals was more efficient in supporting protein synthesis in vitro, if compared with similar preparation from the neonatal animals. This was attributed to an enhanced aminoacylation of transfer RNA in neuronal cell sap of older compared with younger rats. The observed developmental alterations in the distribution and activities of free and membrane-bound ribosomes are discussed in relation to changes that occur in morphology and function of brain during the early postnatal period. PMID- 6621876 TI - Increases in protein-precursor incorporation in the denervated neuropil of the dentate gyrus during reinnervation. AB - Cellular metabolic events accompanying postlesion synaptogenesis in the hippocampus were studied by analyzing incorporation of protein precursor ([3H]leucine) in the dentate gyrus. Adult rats were injected intravenously with [3H]leucine at periods from 2 to 60 days following unilateral destruction of the entorhinal cortex, and were killed 30 min later. Precursor incorporation was quantified autoradiographically by counting silver grains over the cell bodies and dendrites of dentate granule cells ipsi- and contralateral to the lesion. The relative grain density was increased over the denervated portion of the neuropil at 6-12 days postlesion, corresponding to the early phase of terminal proliferation and reactive synaptogenesis. Whereas incorporation was increased over the denervated neuropil, the availability of [3H]leucine was decreased relative to the contralateral side in autoradiographic preparations designed to reveal the concentration of the unincorporated 3H-labeled precursor and its diffusible degradation products. Silver grains were not selectively associated with glial cells bodies or vascular elements, but rather were distributed diffusely throughout the neuropil. Increases in grain density over the denervated zone were observed when animals were killed 8 min after the leucine injection, suggesting that the increases were not due solely to rapid transport from granule cell bodies to dendrites. We propose that an increased incorporation of protein precursor occurs primarily within the denervated dendrites of granule cells during the early phase of reinnervation, and that protein synthetic activity in these cells might be involved in the process of reinnervation. PMID- 6621877 TI - Colour coding in the cerebral cortex: the reaction of cells in monkey visual cortex to wavelengths and colours. PMID- 6621878 TI - Colour coding in the cerebral cortex: the responses of wavelength-selective and colour-coded cells in monkey visual cortex to changes in wavelength composition. AB - The reaction of wavelength-selective (WL), wavelength-opponent (WLO) and colour coded (CO) cells in monkey visual cortex to changes in the wavelength composition of the light reflected from the area in their receptive fields was studied, using multicoloured displays. Wavelength-selective and wavelength-opponent cells were found to be very sensitive to changes in the wavelength composition of the light reflected from the areas in their receptive fields, irrespective of their perceived natural and void colours. Changes in the wavelength composition of the light reflected from surrounding areas did not affect their responses. They were also sensitive to the order in which lights of various wavelengths illuminated the areas in their receptive fields. Colour-coded cells were not affected by changes in the wavelength composition nor were they sensitive to the sequence with which the area in their receptive fields was illuminated by lights of different wavelengths. However, they required that the display, with the area of their preferred colour in their receptive fields, be trichromatically illuminated. This and other evidence suggested that such cells were sensitive not only to the illumination of the area in their receptive fields, but of surrounding areas as well. This evidence reinforces further the distinction between wavelength-selective and colour-coded cells and leads to the conclusion that one function of the wavelength-selective cells must be to register the changes in wavelength composition which occur throughout the day. PMID- 6621879 TI - Mossy fibre projections into and out of hippocampal transplants. AB - Hippocampal primordia taken from one day old postnatal rats and grown for 1 month in the hippocampus of adult rat hosts developed hippocampal pyramids, dentate granule cells, and specific patterns of mossy fibres. In 26 cases where certain boundary conditions were precisely met, the transplant mossy fibres crossed into the host and ramified for a distance of from 0.5 mm to no more than 1 mm in the stratum oriens of the host field CA1. They formed a layer 35 micron thick adjacent to the host CA1 pyramidal cell layer. The necessary boundary conditions were: (1) direct (and "unscarred") contact between the neuropil of the transplant and the host field CA1, (2) that the hilar (and not the molecular) aspect of the transplanted dentate granule cell lamina faced the host CA1 pyramids, and (3) that some of the interface was devoid of transplant hilar cells or CA3-type pyramids interposed between the transplant dentate granules and the host CA1 pyramids. In 3 cases a converse connection was found--viz. the host mossy fibres entered the transplant. In these cases the transplants consisted entirely of pyramidal cells (with no dentate granule cells of their own), and the part of the transplant receiving the host mossy fibres was embedded directly in the host mossy fibre pathway. For the dentato-hippocampal mossy fibre system, therefore, it is shown that postsynaptic targets in the adult mammalian brain can receive specific patterns of innervation from growing axons derived from a transplant, and that cut central axons of the same type can grow and form target-specific terminal arborizations in a transplant. PMID- 6621880 TI - Mechanisms regulating the activity of facial nucleus motoneurones--1. Antidromic activation. AB - The antidromic activation of facial nucleus montoneurones has been studied in acute experiments on cats by means of extra- and intracellular recording techniques. Time and amplitude characteristics of separate components of the antidromic action potential and the after--potentials accompanying it have been analyzed. A correlation is found between the duration of the falling phase of the soma-dendritic component of the action potential, the duration of its after hyperpolarization and impulse conduction time in the axon. The dendritic origin of after-depolarizing processes is shown. It is concluded that, since there is no recurrent collateral pathway in facial motoneurones, the modulating effect of spike after-potentials on the proper excitability of facial motoneurones acquires great functional significance. PMID- 6621881 TI - Short- and long-term influences of neonatal sex steroids on alpha-bungarotoxin binding capacity in the mouse amygdala. AB - Short- and long-term influences of various neonatal hormonal manipulations were assessed in the mouse amygdala with respect to alpha-bungarotoxin binding capacity, a possible parameter for cholinergic receptor integrity and function. To estimate the short-term effects, [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin binding to the tissue homogenate obtained from the posterior corticomedial amygdala was determined by a filtration assay using mice killed at 14 days post partum. The amygdaloid tissue from the normal male had a greater binding capacity for [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin than that from the normal female. However, castration of the male on the day of birth decreased the binding down to the female's level. A treatment of the female with either 250 micrograms testosterone propionate or 10 micrograms estradiol benzoate on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 increased the binding up to the male's level, although similar neonatal administration of 250 micrograms 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone was ineffective. The long-term effects of neonatal hormonal manipulations were examined with 77-day-old mice which had been gonadectomized for 49 days. A quantitative light-microscopic autoradiography for [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin binding showed that specific grain density over the nucleus amygdaloideus medialis posterior of the androgenized female exceeded that of the female without neonatal hormone treatment. These observations provide further evidence that neonatal sex steroids play a determinate role in the sexual differentiation of the brain by exerting an organizational influence on developing cholinergic binding sites in the amygdala. PMID- 6621882 TI - The in-series and in-parallel components in rat hindlimb tendon organs. AB - The structure of the tendon organs was studied in the shank muscles of adult rats both under the light- and electron-microscope. The rat tendon organs measure on the average about 500 microns in length and 60 microns in diameter. Most tendon organs are surrounded by muscle fibres and their short individual tendons, and insert into the aponeuroses or intramuscular tendons. Each tendon organ consists of a neurotendinous core composed of collagen bundles that represent tendons of 5 10 muscle fibres; it is innervated by a Ib sensory fibre that branches and terminates among the loose collagen fascicles of the core. Sensory terminals are oriented both transversely and longitudinally. Their position and relation to collagen bundles indicate that, during tendon organ activation, the terminals are probably depolarized both by lateral compression and elongation. The core is enclosed in a capsule that consists of about 5 lamellar layers of capsular cells and closely resembles the perineurium. The majority of the tendon organs also comprise a purely tendinous compartment in the lumen or within the capsular wall. These tendinous components remain separated from the neurotendinous core and do not come into contact with axon terminals. The collagen fibrils of the tendinous compartments are densely packed and larger in diameter than those of the neurotendinous core. The sensory terminals of the tendon organ lie in series with those muscle fibres and collagen bundles that constitute the neurotendinous core, but they are in parallel with the purely tendinous tendon organ components and their respective muscle fibres. Thus, one tendon organ may comprise both in series and in parallel components, which is apparently reflected in its function. It is suggested that the purely tendinous tendon organ compartments account for the in-parallel effects upon the function of tendon organs described in some recent electrophysiological studies. PMID- 6621883 TI - Increase in the number of non-neuronal cells in superior cervical ganglia of developing rats after contralateral ganglionectomy. AB - The left superior cervical ganglion of 3-day-old rats was subjected to preganglionic nerve division, ganglionectomy, or sham operation, while the right ganglion was left intact. Thirty days later, both the left and the right ganglia were perfusion-fixed and examined for weight and volume, as well as for the number and the density of the principal nerve cells and the non-neuronal cells. The small intensely fluorescent cells were counted from a separate set of freeze dried ganglia. Unilateral preganglionic nerve division caused in the left operated side a significant loss of ganglion weight and volume due to a decreased number of non-neuronal cells, while no significant changes occurred in the right intact ganglion. Unilateral left ganglionectomy caused a significant increase in the mean ganglion weight and in the number and the density of the non-neuronal cells in the right intact ganglion, while the number and the density of the principal nerve cells and the small intensely fluorescent cells were not affected by this operation. It is suggested that normal development of the ganglionic satellite cells requires the presence of normally innervated principal cells. Furthermore, unilateral ganglionectomy induces a greater than normal proliferation of the satellite cells contralaterally, possibly by causing an increase in the activity of the contralateral ganglion. PMID- 6621884 TI - Adenine nucleotide and phosphoenolpyruvate transport by bovine chromaffin granule "ghosts". AB - Purified bovine adrenal chromaffin granule "ghosts" (resealed membranes) accumulate nucleotides and phosphoenolpyruvate in a temperature-dependent process. Equilibration takes several hours, the compounds being accumulated to not more than twice their concentration in the medium. This uptake occurs primarily by a non-saturable diffusion process, and rates and extents show little dependence on membrane energization. Uptake rates are inhibited less than 50% by compounds that discharge the "ghost" membrane potential, or by atractylate or low concentrations of Cibacron Blue. The data gave little support to the theory that chromaffin granules have a membrane potential-dependent adenine nucleotide transport process and that nucleotides are in equilibrium with the positive inside potential across the granule membrane. PMID- 6621885 TI - Acute focal cerebral ischaemia: revascularisation or not? PMID- 6621886 TI - Timing of extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass surgery with special reference to acute cerebral ischaemia. PMID- 6621887 TI - Middle cerebral artery revascularisation. PMID- 6621888 TI - Reconstruction of wrongly occluded important cerebral vessels during complicated embolization treatment of inoperable AV-malformations. PMID- 6621889 TI - Direct microsurgical intra-arterial procedures on ICA and MCA. AB - In ten patients operated on by the senior author, arteriotomy and reconstruction of the vessel wall with interrupted sutures were performed. Four patients underwent resection of an aneurysm, three thrombectomy, and one embolectomy, while in two patients an atherosclerotic plaque with thrombus was removed. Operation was undertaken to create normal vessel volume and restore and maintain adequate regional blood flow. These objectives were attained completely in seven cases and only partially in two cases, whereas in one patient we failed to meet the above requirements. PMID- 6621890 TI - [Prognostic significance of the hemodynamic response to vasodilator therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarct and cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 6621891 TI - [The exercise test in supervision of the effectiveness of acebutolol administration in hypertensive patients]. PMID- 6621892 TI - [Comparison of 2 methods of cardiac function evaluation: the treadmill and bicycle ergometry tests]. PMID- 6621893 TI - [Alcohol and the heart. Personal observations and review of literature]. PMID- 6621894 TI - [Doppler ultrasonography of the lower limbs and arteriography. Correlation of the results at rest and after exertion]. PMID- 6621895 TI - [A computerized file of clinical and instrumental data concerning patients with peripheral arterial diseases]. PMID- 6621896 TI - [Real-time sonography of the arteries and veins of the epigastric region]. PMID- 6621897 TI - [Effect of etomidate, flunitrazepam and ketamine on the brainstem auditory evoked potentials of surgical patients without audiological or neurological changes]. PMID- 6621898 TI - [Psychological and emotional responses to anesthesia and surgery]. PMID- 6621899 TI - [Checking the respiratory passages in congenital and acquired craniofacial malformations]. PMID- 6621900 TI - [Important side-effects of naloxone as an antagonist of neuroleptoanalgesia]. PMID- 6621901 TI - [An unusual syndrome of snake bite poisoning]. PMID- 6621902 TI - [Observations on blood preservation fluids and blood heaters for transfusions]. PMID- 6621903 TI - [Behavior of the blood coagulation picture in poisoning by Hymenoptera stings. 2d report]. PMID- 6621905 TI - [Poliomyelitis in Italy and throughout the world. The epidemiologic situation]. AB - The latest WHO figures on the epidemiology of poliomyelitis make it clear that there are areas, such as Italy, where vaccination programmes are put into effect continuously and on a comprehensive scale, and other areas where such programmes have not yet been introduced. The disease has been eradicated in the former, whereas its position is unchanged in the latter. A point of epidemiological interest is that in countries with general vaccination programmes there has been a shift towards younger age groups with regard to both the morbidity and the mortality rate for polio. The view is expressed that generalised programmes should be introduced with suitable international aid in countries where such steps have not so far been taken, and that they should in no way be interrupted or restricted in countries where the disease has been defected, since this leads to its reappearance. PMID- 6621904 TI - [A difficult diagnosis: dyspepsia]. AB - Painful epigastric syndrome where gastroenteric or extra-digestive lesions are not revealed by common investigatory techniques (x-rays, endoscopy) are often diagnosed as primary or functional dyspepsia. This review is important because about half of the sufferers complain of functional gastroenteric disorders. The term "Dyspepsia" is reviewed on the basis of old and more recent literature together with long personal experience. The overall results confirm the existence of Dyspepsia as a separate complaint in its own right. The importance of Dyspepsia should be fully understood since a correct diagnosis avoids the need of further checks and choice of pharmaceutical treatment is made easier. Support psychotherapy and diet revision are also facilitated. PMID- 6621906 TI - [Psychometric and electromyographic studies in patients with chronic uremia subjected to periodic hemodialysis]. AB - Twenty-five patients suffering from chronic renal insufficiency and who had been undergoing dialysis for a long time were tested on the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale with a control of twenty-five subjects of the same age with a comparable educational and social background. The results of the statistical analysis of the difference between the two groups demonstrates a significant psychological deterioration in the group of uremic patients which was particularly noticeable in the performance test. The rate of deterioration was not significantly related to the duration of the dialysis. At the same time electromyography (motor conduction velocity of the S.P.E. nerve) show in 40% of the uremic patients evidence of neuropathy. PMID- 6621908 TI - [A case of stress-induced universal alopecia]. PMID- 6621907 TI - [Urologically silent Grawitz tumor. General framework of paraneoplastic syndromes and personal experiences]. AB - The symptomatological triad of Grawitz tumour (haematuria, renal mass, lumbar pain) is rarely observed, whereas clinical signs and symptoms indicative of an internist pathology. An account is given of the more common paraneoplastic syndromes that may be associated with renal adenocarcinoma. If correctly evaluated, these permit early diagnosis and resolutive surgery. Reference is made to personal experience in emphasising that there are extremely few diagnostic features in cases of urologically silent Grawitz tumour. PMID- 6621909 TI - [Tanning, is it a sign of health or not?]. PMID- 6621910 TI - [Possibility of logotherapy in hypnosis]. AB - After reviewing the main concepts underlying Frankl's logotherapy, the difficulty of application in cases of melancholy and obsessive-phobia is reported. However, use of the treatment in psychoneuroses is considered to be effective. Since the logotherapy procedure is long, it has been associated with hypnosis: in this state logotherapeutic directions are suggested by means of convinction, persuasion, discussion and not by suggestion or controls which could impede the maturation of the Id if not correctly given. Under hypnosis, when consciousness is reduced but the mind is intensely active, the above procedures are not only feasible but an enormous aid to therapy. Integration between hypnosis therapy and logotherapy could come about at the level of the so-called Franklin "dereflexia" since hypnotic "deconditioning" could break independent associative links by bringing to light the symptom which usually gives rise to anxiety within the psychic and somatic calm of the trance. It is considered that this destructuralising procedure is more useful than rational and ridiculing psychotherapy. Although logotherapy and hypnotherapy are different procedures with different applications, they may be combined in some cases. PMID- 6621911 TI - [The hypnotic state: a psychophysiologic dimension or a useless concept?]. AB - On the basis of his "cognitive behavioural alternative" view-point Barber has attempted to deny the hypnotic state as a psychophysical dimension necessary for the creation of recognised hypnotic behaviour. After an analysis of the definitions presented by those who believe hypnosis to be a "psychophysical state" and the contrary views of Barber, it is pointed out that both agree on its function, namely (hypnotic behaviour) = f (ideoplastic monoideism). The concept of hypnosis as "a special participatory state" (as defined in 1975), as a psychophysical state of being and acting in which focalised mental activity permits behaviour and experiences impossible in other conditions is therefore thought to be valuable. PMID- 6621912 TI - [Hypnosis and cancer: a working hypothesis. Initial notes]. AB - Hypnosis has been used to resolve stress and anxiety following profound psychological-behavioural changes occurring in the cancer sufferer from the moment of diagnosis. It is stated that hypnosis is useful in improving sick persons' quality of life through the control of stress reactions, simplification of treatment and facilitation of rehabilitation, both within the family and socially. Through deep seated psycosomatic interconnections, psychological attitude can affect organic reaction to all disease, cancer included. PMID- 6621913 TI - [Hypnotic suggestion in anesthesia. A clinical case]. AB - The successful application of hypnosis for subjecting a psychologically refractory child to indirect laryngoscopy is described. A special technique applicable to children is presented and discussed. In this case hypnosis may be replaced by general anaesthetic with gas. PMID- 6621915 TI - [The legal vicissitudes of psychotherapy]. PMID- 6621914 TI - [The blind and autogenic training]. AB - The orthodox application of J. H. Schultz's A.T. technique for bringing about change, growth and maturity in the blind and in this way helping them to face their existence more serenely is briefly described. The case of Miss. Anna D. clearly shows how Schultz's technique gave a blind person the possibility from the age of 2 of "seeing" colours, shades and images and also to dream in colour. PMID- 6621916 TI - [The School of the Italian Center for Clinico-Experimental Hypnosis in the didactics of Italian hypnosis therapy]. PMID- 6621917 TI - [Pregnancy pathology in advanced age]. PMID- 6621918 TI - [Materno-fetal pathology in parturition in advanced age]. PMID- 6621919 TI - [Evaluation of the maternal levels of hPRL during labor]. PMID- 6621920 TI - [Uterine synechia]. PMID- 6621921 TI - [Immunologic role of the placental antigen in the protection of pregnancy]. PMID- 6621922 TI - [Lymph node metastasis from ovarian cancer in the 1st stage in relation to the histological type of the tumor]. PMID- 6621923 TI - [Severe ureteral lesions secondary to hysterectomy. Case report]. PMID- 6621924 TI - [Antepartum cardiotachographic pattern in true knotting of the umbilical cord]. PMID- 6621925 TI - [Intrapartum rupture of the umbilical cord]. PMID- 6621926 TI - [Clenbuterol in the treatment of premature labor]. PMID- 6621927 TI - [Labor induction with prostaglandin E2]. PMID- 6621928 TI - [Organic dysmenorrhea and Hegar's cones]. PMID- 6621929 TI - A medical information system for the Norwegian continental shelf (MICS). AB - The Norwegian offshore oil industry is rapidly expanding. The health services for this industry have also developed quickly. An EDB-based medical registration system for the Norwegian continental shelf (MICS) has been planned in support of health services, health authorities and researchers. This information system will consist of an injury/disease register and a register of the population on the Norwegian continental shelf. The injury/disease register will comprise inter alia reported cases of occupational injury, occupational disease, notifiable infectious disease and summary data about rate of utilisation of ambulance transport and health services offshore. The system will be administered by the Norwegian Directorate of Health in cooperation with the Norwegian Oil Directorate. MICS will provide new possibilities for epidemiological studies of health and disease among the employees in the oil industry. PMID- 6621930 TI - External quality assessment for clinical microbiological laboratories in Norway 1982. 1. Evaluation of the identifications of 24 bacterial strains. AB - The first general external quality assessment (EQA) for clinical microbiological laboratories in Norway was carried out in 1982. Fifteen of 16 county and regional laboratories participated. Twenty-four pure cultures of different bacterial species were distributed by post. The distribution was "open" in the sense that the participants were aware of the cultures being part of the assessment. The strains had to be treated as routine clinical specimens. The bacterial identifications, the identification methods and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern had to be reported. The mean number of erroneous identifications was 2.7 (11.3%). Eleven strains were correctly identified by all laboratories, whereas four strains were misidentified by four to seven laboratories, accounting for approximately 50% of all misidentifications. All laboratories used "rapid" biochemical methods when identifying Gram-negative rods, mainly the "Three-tube method" and API 20E. Five laboratories used only one method, 10 used a combination of two or three methods. The use of more than one method did not give any substantial advantage. The accuracy of the "rapid" biochemical methods was approximately 88%, contrasting to approximately 96-98% when scientifically evaluated. The necessity of developing a permanent EQA scheme for microbiological laboratories is emphasized and a possible design for this is discussed. PMID- 6621931 TI - External quality assessment for clinical microbiological laboratories in Norway 1982. 2. Evaluation of the antibiotic sensitivity test results. AB - An external quality assessment for microbiology included antibiotic sensitivity testing of the 24 bacterial strains submitted. The number of antibiotics selected when sensitivity testing bacteria from different sources varied considerably between the laboratories. The discrepancy between actually reported sensitivity groups and the sensitivity groups calculated on the basis of the reported inhibition zones using the recommended regression lines was as great as 7% of a total of 1922 tests. This was mainly due to the use of outdated zone size break points, indicating that information concerning changing recommendations may be inadequate. Discrepancies between the results reported by the laboratories and the results of a microdilution method giving the minimal inhibitory concentration for six antibiotics were recorded in 18.6% of the tests. Approximately one third of these discrepancies were characterized as "major" or "very major". PMID- 6621932 TI - Pathogenesis of hemorrhagic skin lesions in meningococcal disease. AB - The pathogenesis of purpuric skin lesions in meningococcaemia is still not clear. The histopathology of biopsy specimens from human purpura resembles that of the local Shwartzman reaction in rabbits. However, the early histopathological picture of purpuric lesions shows a resemblance to the experimental epinephrine endotoxic reaction produced in rabbits. Furthermore, immunological reactions may play an important role in the pathogenesis since deposits of immunoglobulins, complement and fibrinogen can be demonstrated in the walls of capillaries and small vessels in the dermis of patients with acute meningococcaemia. PMID- 6621933 TI - Sequelae of meningococcal disease - studied about six weeks after hospital admission. AB - As part of a greater project (MenOPP), the type, distribution and frequency of sequelae after meningococcal disease (MCd) were estimated on the basis of examinations carried out about six weeks after hospital admission. Well documented sequelae were found in about 18% of 102 MCd cases compared to about 3% in 61 control patients. In 18 control patients with meningitis/septicemia due to other bacteria, the sequelae frequency was 11%. Our MCd sequelae results correspond with many of those published during the last few years. The frequency of uncertain sequelae was about the same (16%) in the MCd and the control group patients. A routine examination six weeks and one year after a MCd episode seems to be useful for the individual patient and for the research on better prophylaxis and improved treatment. PMID- 6621934 TI - Putative cholinergic afferents of the chick hyperstriatum ventrale: a combined acetylcholinesterase and retrograde fluorescence labelling study. AB - The retrograde fluorescent tracers Fast Blue and Nuclear Yellow were injected into the intermediate part of the medial hyperstriatum ventrale (IMHV) of the chick telencephalon. After the appropriate survival times, the brains were processed for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry using the thiocholine technique. In some telencephalic regions, fluorescent retrograde labelling and brown AChE reaction product were observed simultaneously in the same neurones by using a combination of ultraviolet and bright-field illumination. These AChE positive afferents of IMHV arose from the hippocampus, septum, septal nuclei, hyperstriatum ventrale and neostriatum. PMID- 6621935 TI - Electrophysiological and anatomical demonstration of a bulbar relayed pathway towards the medial thalamus in the rat. AB - In the rat cells antidromically activated by stimulation of the thalamic centrum medianum and centralis lateralis were searched for in the bulbopontine region which receives spinoreticular pathways. Antidromically activated cells were found in the nuclei gigantocellularis and pontis oralis and they possessed peripheral receptive fields that were large, bilateral and often responded to nociceptive stimuli. Injections of horseradish peroxidase or iron-dextran at the same thalamic level revealed retrogradely labelled cells in the same bulbopontine nuclei. Cells retrogradely labelled were also found in the mesencephalic reticular formation, the inferior colliculus and grisea centralis. PMID- 6621936 TI - Participation of cortical and thalamic cells in the feline association system to thalamocortical recruiting responses. AB - Pairs of neurons located in mutually related sites in cortex (middle suprasylvian gyrus) and specific thalamus (n. lateralis posterior and pulvinar), were recorded simultaneously during recruitment responses. Cortical neurons showed an increased firing probability in association with the surface negative cortical recruiting waves, this phase being followed by a period of firing depression. One group of thalamic neurons, identified as thalamocortical, fired earlier than the simultaneously recorded cortical units. A second group was silenced during the period of cortical firing but tended to fire action potentials during the period of cortical firing depression. These data show that thalamic neurons in specific nuclei are involved in the process of thalamocortical recruitment. PMID- 6621937 TI - The opposite effects of central and peripheral vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on blood pressure in rats. AB - In conscious normotensive rats catheterized for continuous recording of blood pressure, intracerebroventricular injections of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) produced pressor responses in contrast to depressor effects when given intravenously. The pressor effect was not mediated by angiotensin II since pretreatment with an angiotensin antagonist failed to block the response. These findings show that there are separate mechanisms for central versus peripheral effects of VIP. PMID- 6621938 TI - The compartment model for chronically implanted voltammetric electrodes in the rat brain. AB - Experimental properties of the peaks obtained with carbon paste electrodes and microprocessor-based linear sweep voltammetry in the rat brain have been compared with those predicted by a theoretical treatment of the problem which we have recently developed. This comparison indicates that the electrodes are situated in a restricted compartment and that the oxidation of ascorbate under these conditions is irreversible. Examples of how this situation has been exploited to improve the voltammograms obtained are given. PMID- 6621939 TI - Neonatal retinal ganglion cell cultures of high purity: effect of superior colliculus on their survival. AB - A method is described for obtaining retinal ganglion cell (RGC) cultures of high purity. RGC were retrogradely labelled in vivo with either the fluorescent dye True Blue and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), or with FITC-conjugated HRP. Following dissociation, RGC were separated from the intrinsic cells of the retina using fluorescent activated cell sorters, on the basis of their greater size and fluorescent intensity. When the sorted cells were cultured, RGC could be subsequently identified by their HRP labelling. Using such criteria, cultures in which 75% of the cell population consisted of RGC could be regularly obtained. This represents a 150-fold increase in RGC concentration over whole retinal cultures. The survival of the sorted RGC could be greatly enhanced when they were cocultured with their target tissue, the superior colliculus. PMID- 6621940 TI - Survival of purified motor neurones in vitro: effects of skeletal muscle conditioned medium. AB - Spinal motor neurones in the adult mouse were labelled retrogradely with both True Blue and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Using the cell sorter, motor neurones were separated on the basis of cell size and the intensity of True Blue fluorescence. Cultures of the sorted cells were then prepared and the motor neurones were identified by their HRP labelling. There was found to be a 4.8-fold increase in motor neurones over the unsorted population such that 40% of the cells present in culture was labelled. Medium conditioned over skeletal muscle was shown to enhance the survival of motor neurones in these cultures. PMID- 6621941 TI - Sympathetic ganglion neurons from aged humans grown in monolayer culture. AB - Sympathetic ganglia were dissected from aged patients during surgical operation done for a therapeutic purpose in the University Hospital. Nerve cells were isolated from the ganglia by trituration after incubation with collagenase, and were grown on collagen-coated plastic dishes with a growth medium. These nerve cells regenerated their axons and survived in the tissue culture for more than 3 weeks. The nerve cells tended to reduce the size in an early stage of the in vitro growth. PMID- 6621942 TI - Zinc deficiency in a patient with sickle cell disease. PMID- 6621943 TI - Factors influencing survival and morbidity with very low birth weight delivery. AB - Factors influencing survival and morbidity in a group of 214 consecutively delivered very low birth weight infants (500 to 1500 g) are examined. The perinatal mortality was 313 per 1000 births. Of 185 live-born, congenitally normal infants, 133 (72%) were discharged alive. Respiratory distress syndrome was the most common form of significant morbidity, occurring in 114 infants (62%). Intraventricular hemorrhage was diagnosed in 38 (21%) of the infants. Neither survival nor morbidity was influenced by the mode of delivery. The current trend of a liberalized policy of cesarean section for the very low birth weight delivery is questioned. PMID- 6621944 TI - Immunoglobulin concentrations in newborn infants associated with intrauterine growth retardation. AB - Immunoglobulin G, A, and M (IgG, IgA and IgM) levels were measured in paired maternal and cord serum samples from 18 pregnancies with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and 55 with normal growth (adequate-for-gestational-age pregnancies) delivered vaginally at 36 weeks' gestation or later. Cord blood levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM in IUGR infants were found significantly lower than those in infants with adequate-for-gestational-age growth. Lower Lower levels of cord IgG in IUGR may be due to a defect in the active transport of IgG across the placenta. Lower levels of cord IgM and IgA suggest an impairment of synthesis of immunoglobulins in the IUGR infants. There was no difference in cord immunoglobulin concentrations between infants with intrapartum fetal heart rate (FHR) decelerations and those without FHR decelerations in either the IUGR or the adequate-for-gestational-age group. No difference was observed in maternal immunoglobulin concentrations among the study groups. PMID- 6621945 TI - Correlation of ultrasonic images of fetal intestine with gestational age and fetal maturity. AB - In 276 scans of 81 gravid patients, changes in the ultrasonic images of the fetal intestine, particularly the colon, are described at advancing stages of gestation. These changes appear to be related to an increase of the meconium content of the intestine and to its gradual displacement to the colon by a progressively more efficient peristalsis. A grading system of four stages was devised. In stage 1, the intestine has a uniform gray appearance. In stage 2, the colon can be identified by small echo-free areas close to the kidneys and the bladder. In stage 3, these areas become larger and delineate large segments of the colon. The small bowel can also be seen, represented by clusters of numerous transonic areas that continuously change their shape. The colon becomes redundant in stage 4 and the haustra appear. The echo-free areas of the small bowel are larger and show a very active peristalsis. PMID- 6621946 TI - Pregnancy following urinary diversion. AB - Five pregnancies were cared for in four patients who had undergone ureterosigmoid anastomosis or ileal conduit urinary diversions. The most common complication of pregnancy was urinary tract infection, ranging from asymptomatic bacteriuria to pyelonephritis. Significant obstruction of the diverted urinary tract failed to occur during gestation or delivery. Laboratory and radiographic studies demonstrated maintenance of baseline renal function. Offspring delivered showed appropriate growth for gestational age without associated anomalies. The authors' data and a review of the literature suggest that vaginal delivery is safe, and cesarean section may be reserved for obstetric indications. Pregnancy is not contraindicated after urinary diversion. PMID- 6621947 TI - Hysteroscopic tubal occlusion with formed-in-place silicone plugs: a clinical review. AB - The present study is a detailed review of 415 patients undergoing sterilization under local anesthesia with hysteroscopically placed silicone plugs. The authors compiled 3200 woman-months after sterilization without a pregnancy. Up to 90% of women undergoing this procedure in the office have successful completion. The difficulties with the method are outlined, unsuccessful procedures categorized, and radiographs presented, and the outlook for the future is discussed. The method is seen as a viable alternative to laparoscopic sterilization. PMID- 6621948 TI - Progestin receptor levels in endometria with delayed or incomplete secretory changes. AB - In women with an infertility problem, cytosol progestin receptors were quantified in endometrial biopsies and correlated to histologic postovulatory dating. In 19 women (group A) the histologic dating corresponded to the cycle day; 14 women (group B) showed delayed or incomplete secretory changes. Group B showed significantly lower mean progestin receptor values (132 +/- 22 fmoles/mg protein [+/- SEM, P less than .01] ) than group A (236 +/- 29 fmoles/mg protein). The mean serum progesterone values did not differ significantly between groups A and B in the midluteal or the late luteal phase of the cycle. Inadequate maturation of the endometrium seems to correlate with insufficient development of progestin receptor binding sites rather than with decreased serum progesterone levels. PMID- 6621949 TI - Combination estrogen and progestogen replacement therapy does not adversely affect coagulation. AB - Coagulation and fibrinolysis profiles of naturally menopausal women receiving conjugated estrogens (0.625 or 1.25 mg for 21 of 28 days) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (10 mg for seven of 28 days) for 18 months were compared with those of similar women receiving no hormone therapy. Tests indicative of the dynamics of the coagulation cascade, ongoing intravascular coagulation, and anticoagulation were performed. Hormone therapy had no effect on prothrombin times, activated partial thromboplastin times, or thrombin times. There was no evidence of intravascular coagulation in any of the groups as assessed by platelet counts, fibrinogen antigen and activity, and fibrin degradation products. Antithrombin III antigen and activity, alpha 1-antitrypsin antigen, and alpha 2-macroglobulin antigen, the natural inhibitors of coagulation, were also unaffected by hormone therapy. Plasminogen antigen levels were unaffected, but plasminogen activity was enhanced in the hormone-treated groups, suggesting a stimulatory effect on fibrinolysis. These data indicate that in terms of the coagulation system, healthy women can safely use a combined regimen of conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate. PMID- 6621950 TI - Unexpected frequency of idiopathic costochondral pain. AB - A study of the records of patients seen in a two-year period in a private gynecologic practice and a one-year period in the emergency department of a general hospital was prompted by the incidence of chest wall pain diagnosed as costochondral pain. The study revealed 76 women in the former practice and 156 men and women in the latter with this condition. Physicians need to understand this symptom complex and be aware of the frequency of its occurrence in patients presenting with chest pain and fearing breast cancer or cardiac disease. Costly, intensive investigation can be avoided when careful, deep palpation of the costochondral junction discloses pain traversing the rib under the breast, leading to a diagnosis of idiopathic costochondral pain. PMID- 6621951 TI - Infection of the minor vestibular gland. AB - Infection of the minor vestibular gland has been a poorly identified entity. Recognition of these glands and the contribution they may make, if chronically infected, to vulvar pain and dyspareunia are presented. PMID- 6621952 TI - Epidemiologic features of hydatidiform mole in the Netherlands. AB - The presented study is a report of epidemiologic data collected between 1978 and 1980 from patients with gestational trophoblastic disease in the Netherlands. Review of curettings from 344 patients with hydatidiform mole and 33 patients with partial mole resulted in review diagnoses of hydatidiform mole in 283 women, of partial mole in 25 women, and of mere hydropic degeneration in 69 women. Upon review of the initial diagnosis of complete and partial hydatidiform mole, 18% of the cases were considered false-positive. After the evacuation of a molar pregnancy, 10% of the patients needed chemotherapy because of the diagnosis of persistent trophoblastic disease. In patients with a review diagnosis of hydropic degeneration, this was never necessary. PMID- 6621953 TI - Computed tomography prior to second-look operation in advanced ovarian cancer. AB - Twenty-six patients treated with chemotherapy for ovarian cancer underwent a second-look laparotomy after clinical response (or in the absence of evidence of progressive disease). Abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) was performed before this operation. Five patients (19%) who had been demonstrated as being free of disease by computed tomography were found to have a tumor larger than 1 cm. Computed tomography sensitivity was good in detection of lymph node metastases (83%), average for pelvic residual tumor (63%) and the omentum (50%), and low for other peritoneal locations (11%). Before second-look operation, the computed tomography scan provides useful surgical information about residual disease in retroperitoneal lymph nodes. However, negative computed tomography findings do not exclude residual tumor or confirm complete remission and therefore cannot replace the second-look laparotomy at this time. PMID- 6621954 TI - Psychosocial reactions to the diagnosis of gynecologic cancer. AB - Data are presented on the psychosocial impact of gynecologic cancer derived from both a structured interview and self-report scales administered to 60 women newly diagnosed with cervical, uterine, and ovarian malignancies. Findings show that such women experience mild to moderate symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as impairment of vocational, domestic, and sexual functioning. The women with cancer reported significantly fewer symptoms of depression and social impairment than acutely depressed women without cancer. The women studied also demonstrated significantly more symptoms of depression and social impairment than women without psychiatric disease from randomly selected community samples. The symptoms of depression experienced by women with ovarian cancer, women receiving triple-agent chemotherapy and women with poorly differentiated tumors of the endometrium and ovary approached the level of acute symptoms typically reported by women entering outpatient psychiatric clinics. These observations should enhance the understanding of these problems among gynecologists and other health care providers in offering appropriate psychosocial support for women with gynecologic cancer. PMID- 6621955 TI - Midtrimester amniocentesis in twin pregnancies. AB - Twenty-two twin pregnancies were subjected to second-trimester genetic amniocentesis. Arguments for and against tapping both sacs were discussed. Nineteen of the 22 patients studied underwent amniocentesis because of advanced maternal age (35 years or greater). The remaining indications included previous omphalocele, previous Down's syndrome, and previous neural tube defect. Except for one instance, amniotic fluid was obtained from both sacs. There were no other adverse sequelae other than transient leakage of fluid in one case. Two sets of twins were stillborn; in neither case was there a temporal relationship between the procedure and the fetal loss. Furthermore, there was no clinical or postmortem evidence that in any way could implicate the procedure as the cause of the fetal death. Based on literature review and the cases cited in the present investigation, it is the opinion of the authors that these procedures are safe when performed by experienced personnel under ultrasonic guidance. PMID- 6621956 TI - Perforation of the ileum as a complication of suprapubic catheterization. AB - Although suprapubic catheterization is a useful technique in managing the postoperative patient who requires prolonged urinary drainage, the potential exists for iatrogenic damage to the abdominal contents. Two cases of perforation of the distal ileum occurring during catheter placement after vaginal procedures are presented. Such complications may be kept at a minimum by adequate bladder distention, careful bladder palpation, placement of the patient in the Trendelenburg position before filling the bladder, and catheter insertion before closure of the surgical incision. PMID- 6621957 TI - Spontaneous rupture of splenic artery aneurysm: sixth instance of both maternal and fetal survival. AB - Spontaneous rupture of a splenic artery aneurysm in the third trimester of pregnancy is a catastrophic event associated with a very high fetal and maternal mortality rate. There are only five reported instances of both maternal and fetal survival after spontaneous rupture of a splenic artery aneurysm. This report not only documents the sixth such case, but also recommends a different therapeutic approach for the management of such cases. PMID- 6621958 TI - Autoimmunity in a patient with 47,XXX karyotype. AB - Premature ovarian failure in women with a 47,XXX karyotype have been described, but an explanation for this gonadal disorder has not been forthcoming. The present case identifies a 47 triple X woman with premature ovarian failure associated with an autoimmune disorder. A possible association between the 47,XXX karyotype, autoimmune disorders, and premature ovarian failure is proposed. PMID- 6621959 TI - Cesarean sections and perinatal mortality. PMID- 6621960 TI - Graduate medical training. PMID- 6621961 TI - Confined spaces: avoiding the hazards. PMID- 6621962 TI - Health care coalitions: cost containment hopes. PMID- 6621963 TI - A practical approach to noise measurement. PMID- 6621965 TI - Profile of an ERC: outreach & survival. PMID- 6621964 TI - Eyewashes & showers: ensuring effectiveness. PMID- 6621966 TI - Ear protectors vs. intense impact noise. PMID- 6621967 TI - Protection should fit worker, job. PMID- 6621968 TI - Studies on the turnover of acetylcholine in the brain of rats during the course of acupuncture analgesia. PMID- 6621969 TI - Tracing the origin of the sympathetic afferent nerve of the ventriculus cordis by means of horseradish peroxidase method in the rat. PMID- 6621970 TI - [Detection of the origin of the afferent sympathetic nerve fibers of the rat ventricular wall using the horseradish peroxidase method]. PMID- 6621971 TI - [Epidemiology of prostatic cancer]. PMID- 6621972 TI - [Statistical analysis of the effect of meteorological factors on the mortality of urban populations]. PMID- 6621973 TI - [Etiological study of the burning sensation disease]. PMID- 6621975 TI - Changes of hepatic function after hepatic artery ligation. PMID- 6621974 TI - Damage to the biliary tract of rabbits during warm or cold ischemia. PMID- 6621976 TI - Preliminary research on relationship between late stage schistosomiasis japonica and liver autoimmunity: measuring anti-LSP level by radioimmunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 6621977 TI - Drugs and the human factor. A second look. PMID- 6621978 TI - The discovery rule. PMID- 6621979 TI - Experience in private practice with the implantable artificial urinary sphincter. PMID- 6621980 TI - [Ambulatory-polyclinic ophthalmologic service in the Ukrainian SSR]. PMID- 6621981 TI - [Efficacy of ophthalmologic ambulatory-polyclinic care for children and its further improvement]. PMID- 6621982 TI - [Ophthalmologic ambulatory-polyclinic service in the Donetsk Region and approaches to its improvement]. PMID- 6621983 TI - [Trachoma dispensary as a non-hospital ophthalmologic care center]. PMID- 6621984 TI - [Use of ultrasonic diagnosis and therapy in ambulatory-polyclinic conditions]. PMID- 6621985 TI - [Improvement of the efficacy of treatment of patients with nonpenetrating cornea injuries]. PMID- 6621986 TI - [Improvement of the efficacy of ambulatory surgery]. PMID- 6621987 TI - [Frequency-contrast characteristics and visual acuity in ophthalmologic practice]. PMID- 6621988 TI - [Use of polyethyleneoxide-400 in glaucoma]. PMID- 6621989 TI - [Role of blood proteins and sialic acids in the reactivity of patients with herpetic keratitis]. PMID- 6621990 TI - [Role of microcirculation disorders in the pathogenesis of various retinal and optic nerve diseases]. PMID- 6621991 TI - [Effect of the level and duration of ocular hypertension on the changes in the optic disk]. PMID- 6621992 TI - [Cellular immunity in influenza and enterovirus diseases of the anterior chamber of the eye]. PMID- 6621993 TI - [Clinical manifestations of mono-ocular glaucoma]. PMID- 6621994 TI - On the progressive nature of tumour growth in the axillary nodes in breast cancer. AB - Tumour cells enter the axillary nodes by the afferent lymphatics, but little is known about their subsequent behaviour. Quantitation and localization of tumour growth in 156 nodes suggest that the establishment of tumour growth in them is not haphazard. It starts in the cortex, extending later through the medulla, and finally into the efferent nodal vessels. This systematic growth pattern is in keeping with the unfavourable prognosis in cases with efferent vascular invasion in which both cortex and medulla are involved. PMID- 6621995 TI - Chronobiological aspects of phosphohexoseisomerase in monitoring multiple myeloma. AB - In the field of oncology, the most important aim to date has been the finding of new means to improve the diagnosis and treatment of neoplastic diseases. Chronobiologically we have studied the behavior of phosphohexoseisomerase (PHI) in 11 multiple myeloma patients before treatment and in another group of 11 patients undergoing polychemotherapy treatment. From all patients, under the same standard conditions, 6 venous samples were taken at 4-hour intervals starting at 08.00 h, for a day. PHI serum levels were determined spectrophotometrically. The data obtained were analyzed by 'group mean cosinor' and from this analysis a mesor reduction of more than 50% was noted in subjects after polychemotherapy (M2) correlated with the absence of a circadian rhythm. The data suggest that PHI levels can be related to the characteristics of tumor growth and we feel they can be used as a guide in monitoring multiple myeloma patients. PMID- 6621996 TI - Cytofluorescence localization of adriamycin-binding sites of cardiac tissue. AB - A study of the cardiotoxicity induced by adriamycin (ADR) was done on the heart tissue of Sprague-Dawley rats receiving a single intravenous dose (15 mg/kg). Condensed bright orange-red fluoresced chromatin was observed in the nuclei of the myocardial cells of the left ventricle 2 h after drug injection. Just then, the intensity of the fluorescence emission started to decrease until it reached its minimum after 21 days, and disappeared completely 28 days after drug injection. PMID- 6621997 TI - Correlation between extent of metastatic lesions in whole body bone scintigraphy of patients with prostatic cancer and prostatic acid phosphatase in serum with Eiken PAP RIA kit. AB - The whole body bone scintigraphy of 13 patients whose prostatic cancer were histologically confirmed, was processed in four colors, and the bone metastases were quantitatively estimated. On the basis of this estimation, the extent of bone metastases was classified into 4 divisions (grades 0, 1, 2 and 3). And then, the correlation between the extent of bone metastases and prostatic acid phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and alkali phosphatase levels in serum were investigated. PMID- 6621998 TI - [Radioautographic study of the cell proliferation of the pigment epithelium of the retina in albino clawed frogs]. AB - The proliferative activity of pigment epithelium was studied by means of 3H thymidine autoradiography after the removal of retina, lens and iris with the ciliary-terminal zone in the adults. The cell population of pigment epithelium was shown to be heterogeneous on the level of proliferative activity. A low level of proliferation is characteristic of the cells of epithelial monolayer and the cells leaving it and forming aggregates. An intensive local proliferation leading to the formation of expansions was found in the pigment epithelium layer in 7% of cases. On the 20th day after the operation, the index of labelled nuclei in the expansions amounted to 43.4--59.3% and the mitotic index to 1.4--2.1%. On the 75th day elements of atypical retinal differentiation, besides the high proliferative activity, were observed in one expansion. PMID- 6621999 TI - [Radioautographic study of nonhistone protein synthesis in the process of lens and retina regeneration in adult tritons]. AB - The incorporation of 3H-tryptophane (3H-T) in the cell nuclei of pigment epithelium, retinal rudiment, iris and vitreous body has been studied during lens and retina regeneration in the adult smooth newts. A gradual increase (7 to 13 fold as compared with the control) of the intensity of labelling was found in the cell nuclei of pigment epithelium of the central part of fundus oculi. The cells of this zone are a source of regeneration. In the peripheral zones which do not participate in retina regeneration the intensity of 3H-T incorporation increased 2 to 4-fold only. The area of cell nuclei of pigment epithelium of the central part of fundus oculi increased, whereas that in the peripheral part suffered no changes. The cell nuclei of iris, retinal and lens rudiments incorporated 3H-T intensively. In the iris the most intensive labelling was shown in the inner layer of its dorsal zone which is a source of lens regeneration. The incorporation of 3H-T in the vitreous body was also found, thus suggesting both the secretion of vitreous body by the regenerating retina cells and the migration of some proteins secreted by the regenerating retina from its surface in the direction of a lens regenerating from the dorsal iris. PMID- 6622000 TI - [Isolation of viable karyo- and cyoplasts from the fertilized ova of mice using Ficoll-gradient centrifugation]. AB - The fertilized mouse eggs obtained after the hormonal stimulation of the females were denuded by pronase and incubated for 1 h at 37 degrees in the culture medium with cytochalasin B (5 micrograms/ml) and, then, centrifuged 20 min (12,000 g) at ca. 31 degrees in Ficoll gradient added with cytochalasin B. Under these conditions the eggs were divided in anuclear (cytoplasts) and nuclear (karyoplasts) fragments. The cytoplasts kept their shape and ability for protein synthesis during cultivation and the karyoplasts performed one cell division. The viable cyto- and karyoplasts obtained from the eggs may be used in the experiments on cell hybridization and production of embryos-cybrids. PMID- 6622001 TI - [Development of preimplantation mouse embryos in diffusion chambers]. AB - The diffusion chambers with the preimplantation CBA X C57BL mouse embryos (at the stages of blastomeres, morula, blastocyst) were placed in the abdominal cavity of males. Developmental peculiarities of the embryos, level of mitotic activity in their separate parts, as well as dynamics of the number of gigantic trophoblast cells and the volume of their nuclei have been studied. The development of the embryos in the diffusion chambers was shown to depend on the type of membranous filters: they developed from an earlier stage (stage of 4 blastomeres) on the nucleopore filters than on the millipore ones. The morphogenetic transformation proceeded in the preimplantation embryos at a slower rate resulting in the formation of two -and (in single cases) three-layered embryonic cylinder. Later the embryos were disorganized. The repeated passage of the disorganized embryo cells (six passages during the year) allowed to obtain structures similar with yolk sac carcinoma. PMID- 6622002 TI - [Changes in the dry weight of retinal pigment epithelium cells in the postnatal ontogeny of rats]. AB - The dry weight of cytoplasm of individual cells of the retinal pigment epithelium was determined by interference microscopy in the rats (both in mononuclear and binuclear cells). During postnatal development the dry weight of cell cytoplasm is subject to fluctuations: it increases from the 1st till the 5th day, decreases between the 5th and 15th days and increases again between the 15th and 18th days. It is suggested that the decrease in dry weight of cytoplasm of the retinal pigment epithelium cells precedes the onset of phagocytizing by these cells of shed discs of the external rod segments. PMID- 6622004 TI - Variation in the pathophysiology of involutional entropion and its treatment. AB - It is essential to understand the anatomy in detail, the normal physiology and pathophysiology of the lower eyelid to properly correct an involution entropion surgically. The fact that 50% of involutional entropion causes show an actual defect (dehiscence or complete detachment) of the retractor aponeurosis of the lower eyelid is important. The surgeon must be cognizant of the high rate of occurrence of these defects and look for them during the surgical repair. The direct external approach of the imbrication procedure makes it easy to identify these aponeurotic retractor defects. The pathophysiologic changes can vary with each case and are as follows involutional changes (attenuation, dehiscence, detachment) taking place in the lower lid retractors; atony of the lateral and medial canthal tendons may be present and must be recognized; enophthalmus of the aging is present; the septal oribicularis loses it firm attachment to the orbital septum. It is paramount that the pathophysiologic changes present in each case be recognized and surgically corrected to prevent recurrences. PMID- 6622003 TI - Conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy with mucous membrane graft. AB - Eleven patients with obstructed lacrimal canaliculi underwent conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy modified by lining the fistula with buccal mucosa at the time of surgery. Four patients had the tube removed after six months. All four have parent mucous membrane lined fistulas with follow-up ranging from ten to 13 months. One patient removed his tube on the second post operative day. His fistula closed immediately. For comparison, the remaining six patients retain their tubes. They are free from epiphora but suffer from some of the complications of the tube itself, namely tube extrusion, tube migration, and chronic conjunctival irritation and discharge. The surgical technique is described, histopathologic material is presented, and the initial results are discussed. PMID- 6622005 TI - Vein grafting in nasolacrimal system reconstruction. AB - Obliteration of the tract after conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy is one of the main complications associated with the procedure. The use of a saphenous vein graft which covers the tube may aid in establishing an immediate lined tract for the tube when performing a conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy. Another possible use for the vein graft is in anastomosing the parotid duct to the inferior cul-de-sac when performing a parotid duct transfer. The vein graft makes parotid duct transfer easier and helps control the amount of saliva delivered to the eye. A case report is presented. PMID- 6622006 TI - Lacrimal sac identification in dacryocystorhinostomy surgery. AB - The intraoperative identification and opening of the lacrimal sac is generally performed by cutting down on the tip of a lacrimal probe passed down one canaliculus. While easily performed in most cases, this step is frequently associated with difficulty, confusion, and orbital fat exposure particularly if the internal common punctum is imperforate or the sac is scarred. The authors present an alternate method for opening the sac based upon simple anatomic concept. PMID- 6622007 TI - Treatment of Lower lid retraction by tarsal-conjunctival and skin-muscle transposition flaps. AB - A method of alleviating full thickness lower eyelid retraction is described. Transposition flaps of tarsus-conjunctiva and skin-muscle are transposed from the ipsilateral upper lid into an infratarsal transverse blepharotomy in the retracted lower lid. PMID- 6622008 TI - A useful alternative to silicone intubation in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstructions. AB - Initial treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstructions, by a variety of methods, is highly successful. However, a small percentage of obstructions either are not cleared or recur. Silicone intubation has been reported highly successful in treatment of these obstructions. This paper describes our experience with infracturing the inferior turbinate (described originally by Jones and Wobig) as being at least as highly successful, safe, and easy to perform. PMID- 6622009 TI - Repair of the contracted socket using RTV silicone as a stent for mucosal grafting. AB - The anophthalmic socket is often contracted due to a deficiency of conjunctiva. The use of buccal mucosa to expand the socket is well known to ophthalmologists. However, this material often suffers shrinkage due to excessive scarring following surgery, leading to further contracture of the socket. RTV silicone (Medical Elastomer 382) has been found to be an excellent stent following buccal mucosal grafting. This paper deals with technical aspects of performing this procedure and discusses the complications. The results in 17 of 21 sockets have been excellent in allowing the conjunctival graft to take without further shrinkage and in allowing the patient to wear a prosthetic eye comfortably. PMID- 6622010 TI - Evaluation of the neodymium-YAG laser for treatment of ocular opacities. AB - The Neodymium:YAG Laser was used to find damage thresholds for glass and PMMA IOLs. In addition, optimal cone angles of the laser in regard to laser safety was determined along with consideration of suitability of other laser wavelengths. Lastly, investigation of substitute solutions for optical breakdown compared to vitreous was evaluated. PMID- 6622011 TI - 45-Degree angled aspiration tip with sandblasted, roughened edge for posterior capsule polishing. PMID- 6622012 TI - A simple, inexpensive sterile vitreous specimen collection device with peyman vitreophage. AB - A simple and inexpensive vitreous specimen collection device is described. This device can be connected to the Peyman Vitreophage System to obtain a sterile intraocular specimen during a pars plana virectomy. PMID- 6622013 TI - Technology: its role in our conception of glaucoma. The 35th Mark J. Schoenberg lecture. AB - Glaucoma is a medical notion encompassing many diverse entities. Our present conception of glaucoma is rooted in four major technological innovations: ophthalmoscopy, tonometry, perimetry, and gonioscopy. The results of our findings from these modalities determine how we diagnose and plan management strategies. In essence, we are bound to a series of numbers or values useful in clinical practice but which tell us little about the pathogenetic factor(s) causing glaucoma. PMID- 6622014 TI - What happens to the optic disc and retina in glaucoma? AB - In glaucoma there is a spectrum of disc damage ranging from highly localized tissue loss (a notch in the neuroretinal rim), vertically oval cupping, or simple concentric enlargement of the cup. The accompanying visual loss may likewise range from a well-localized nerve fiber bundle detect to a generalized depression. Cases with diffuse loss of axons, a concentric enlargement of the cup, and a generalized reduction in visual function are more difficult to recognize unless the previous state of the disc and vision is well documented or there is asymmetry between the two eyes. PMID- 6622015 TI - Four-year experience with argon laser trabecular surgery in uncontrolled open angle glaucoma. AB - Eighty-two phakic eyes with uncontrolled open-angle glaucoma underwent 360 degrees argon laser trabecular surgery. There was a 77% success rate with a mean follow-up of 24 months in the successful group. A glaucoma diagnosis of exfoliation syndrome or open-angle glaucoma, an age greater than 60, and a baseline pressure of less than 26 mmHg were each associated with an increased success rate. The mean pressure change in the treated eye reached its maximum at two months, with a 9.7 mmHg decrease, and the pressure lowering effect slowly decreased with time to a 5.9 mmHg decrease at 42 months. It increased again at 48 months. Failure occurred within two years in 18 of the 19 eyes, and the remaining eye failed at 36 months. Long-term tonographic data shows significant improvement in outflow through 30 months. Argon laser trabecular surgery continues to enjoy an excellent risk-vs-benefit ratio, but its use should still be limited to patients with uncontrolled open-angle glaucoma on maximum medical therapy who are surgical candidates. PMID- 6622016 TI - Variation of techniques on the results of argon laser trabeculoplasty. AB - Patients with uncontrolled open-angle glaucoma were treated with argon laser to the trabecular meshwork. These patients were divided into six groups. Each group of eyes had a slightly different technique of argon laser therapy. Except for one group, there was an adequate pressure lowering effect at the longest follow-up ( 18 to -28%). Since the worst complication of argon laser trabeculoplasty is the immediate elevation in intraocular pressure with subsequent worsening of the field and/or disc, the immediate rise in intraocular pressure was measured and compared for each of the various techniques. In addition comparison was made when treating 180 degrees in one eye and 360 degrees in the other eye of 30 individuals having similar glaucomatous disease bilaterally. Little difference was noted between the two eyes. PMID- 6622017 TI - The effect of argon laser trabeculoplasty on the medical control of primary open angle glaucoma. AB - Argon laser trabeculoplasty was performed in 33 eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma whose intraocular pressures were poorly controlled on medical therapy. Five eyes (three patients) were failures and underwent trabeculectomy within three months. The remaining 28 eyes were followed up for 18 months and received a complete examination at periodic intervals. Beginning three months after trabeculoplasty, an attempt was made to decrease medications in a prospective manner in order to determine the least treatment required to maintain a pressure of less than 22 mmHg. No medication could be discontinued in 39% of eyes, whereas 18% were "cured" by trabeculoplasty and required no further medical therapy for control. Nine of 14 eyes that had been treated with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors were controlled without these drugs after trabeculoplasty. In 57% of eyes, the miotic could be discontinued. A total of 82% of cases still required some medication for pressure control after laser trabeculoplasty. PMID- 6622018 TI - Laser trabeculoplasty and the glaucomas. AB - A standard 100-spot laser trabeculoplasty was applied to 137 eyes of 109 presurgical patients with a variety of primary, secondary, and postsurgical glaucomas. Average follow-up was 15.3 months. Laser therapy was most successful in eyes without prior surgery (chronic open-angle glaucoma (COAG), pseudoexfoliation, pigmentary dispersion) or with only one prior operation (iridectomy, trabeculectomy, or intracapsular cataract extraction). The mean range for pressure reduction was 6 to 12 mmHg. Failures were frequently seen in eyes with angle recession, uveitis, or more than one operation. Visual field deterioration was seen in 11% of successful COAG eyes. Asymmetric responses in bilaterally treated COAG patients were seen half the time. A drift downward of 5 mmHg or more at six months after laser reversed itself by 12 months in approximately one out of eight eyes from various categories. PMID- 6622019 TI - Complications of laser trabeculoplasty. AB - Laser trabeculoplasty (LTP) is a relatively new procedure requiring evaluation for long-term effectiveness and associated complications. The authors review some 300 LTPs and identify complications. Among the most serious are transient or persistent rise in intraocular pressure, iritis, and progression of visual field loss. The authors recommend LTP as an alternative to glaucoma surgery in selected patients not controlled by medications. PMID- 6622020 TI - Trabeculotomy compared to goniotomy for glaucoma in children. AB - Trabeculotomy ab externo and goniotomy seem to be in many ways equivalent, and both are particularly successful in previously unoperated cases of primary infantile glaucoma that become apparent postnatally but before the age of 1 year. It may be more difficult to achieve a technically perfect procedure with trabeculotomy than it is with goniotomy, but trabeculotomy has an advantage in cases where the cornea is so cloudy that the angle cannot be seen well enough for goniotomy under direct visualization. Overall, the two procedures seem equally effective and safe. PMID- 6622021 TI - Surgical management of chronic glaucoma in aphakia. AB - The surgical management of glaucoma in aphakia has been limited by poor success in the control of intraocular pressure and serious postoperative complications that threaten vision. A consecutive series of trabeculectomy filtering procedures in aphakic eyes with a mean preoperative intraocular pressure of 38 mmHg was followed for an average of 26 months and revealed a 62% control of intraocular pressure at 21 mmHg or less. Five additional patients (24%) had pressures lower than 21 mmHg following digital massage. The complication of decreased visual acuity following surgery was significant but not directly related to the surgical procedure. Another patient population with glaucoma and aphakia with a mean preoperative pressure of 25 mmHg was treated with laser trabeculoplasty. In 12 of 15 patients (80%) intraocular pressure was lower than 22 mmHg for an average of eight months and did not require glaucoma surgery. There were no significant complications following this therapy and all patients retained preoperative level of visual acuity. In aphakic patients who have uncontrolled glaucoma on maximal medical therapy, surgery is indicated. We recommend the following approach to surgical management: (1) Laser treatment to the trabecular meshwork if the angle is open; (2) if this fails, or the angle is extensively closed, a trabeculectomy filtering procedure is suggested; (3) cyclocryotherapy has been effective in controlling pressure but the unpredictable loss of vision has prompted caution in seeing eyes; (4) cyclodialysis; and (5) transpupillary or transscleral treatment of the ciliary processes are additional modes of therapy. Improved results of surgical treatment for glaucoma and aphakia have been encouraging and should be used when maximal medical therapy is ineffective. PMID- 6622022 TI - Angle closure glaucoma as initial manifestation of melanocytoma of the optic disc. AB - A 44-year-old man had progressive visual loss and pain due to angle-closure glaucoma associated with a papillary pigmented lesion. The eye was enucleated because of intractable pain and the suspicion of a malignant tumor. Histologic and electron microscopic examination of the enucleated eye revealed a partially necrotic melanocytoma of the optic nerve. There was histologic evidence of vaso occlusive disease within the optic nerve that resulted in ischemic necrosis of the tumor, hypoxic retinopathy and neovascular glaucoma. This report emphasizes that significant complications may occur in otherwise typical intraocular nevi. PMID- 6622023 TI - Treatment of large von Hippel tumors by eye wall resection. AB - Two large angiomas (greater than 3 disc diameters) in two patients with von Hippel disease were removed successfully by eye wall resection. The resection of angioma in the first case resulted in improved visual acuity from counting fingers to 20/140, decreased exudates, and cessation of preoperative diffuse retinal capillary leakage observed by fluorescein angiography. The resection in the second case with pre-existing local tractional retinal detachment was tolerated well. The patient retained her preoperative visual acuity of 20/25, and retinal traction was released. Although a complicated surgical procedure, resection of large angiomas offers a good alternative therapy to tumors resistant to cryocoagulation or photocoagulation. PMID- 6622024 TI - Posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. PMID- 6622025 TI - Rhinosporidiosis in The Netherlands. A case report including ultramicroscopic features. AB - A case of rhinosporidiosis in a 34-year-old male is presented. The histological findings are discussed. PMID- 6622026 TI - Impairment of visuo-vestibular interaction in humans exposed to toluene. AB - 15 healthy volunteers were investigated in a vestibulo-oculomotor test battery during toluene exposure. The concentration was comparable to the threshold limit value. The results were compared to an identical air experiment. The intoxication caused an impaired visual suppression during a pseudo-random oscillatory swing test and also an increased saccade speed. Other vestibular-oculomotor parameters were normal. The findings are in accordance with our earlier study on styrene in humans, showing that the visual suppression test and the saccade test are sensitive parameters assessing neurotoxic influences by organic solvents. PMID- 6622027 TI - Internal and external vestibular caloric tests in pigeons. A nystagmographic study. AB - The caloric test was conducted on pigeons in two different ways: 'external calorization', stimulation by irrigation of the external ear canal, and 'internal calorization', stimulation through a coil winded around one horizontal semicircular canal. Different temperatures and amounts of irrigation water were tried out to obtain caloric responses. Internal calorization proved to be more effective than external calorization in a wide range of temperature levels. The experiments proved that a kind of modifying effect of the external ear canal sensory innervation exists on the vestibular caloric test. PMID- 6622028 TI - Analysis of righting reflex in cats with unilateral and bilateral labyrinthectomy. AB - High-speed cinematographic analysis of cats' righting reflex was done in conjunction with surgical ablation of vestibular end organs (unilateral and bilateral). The body rotating direction after labyrinthectomy (regardless of first side or second side) was found to be contralateral almost exclusively. Post operatively, the righting time for each body segment showed some delay but subsequently improved after the trial repetition along the time course. At that late post-bilateral labyrinthectomy stage, cats could indeed right without any vestibular input, and even with additionally and randomly eliminated visual cue by blindfold. PMID- 6622029 TI - Postoperative aural attico-antroscopy for cholesteatoma. AB - The postoperative cavity made by intact canal wall tympanoplasty for aural cholesteatoma was observed by inserting an aural attico-antroscopy (3A-scopy), developed by improving the antroscope for observations of the maxillary sinus, through a small incision made in the retroauricular region under local anesthesia. The 3A-scopy was effective in postoperative observations of the cavity which had undergone intact canal wall tympanoplasty, especially in the diagnosis of recurrent or residual cholesteatoma and in the observation of the postoperative cavity in the cases with long-standing discharge. PMID- 6622030 TI - [Cytogenetic examinations in lymphocyte cultures of children treated with cytotoxic agents]. PMID- 6622031 TI - [Condyloma acuminatum in infancy and childhood]. PMID- 6622032 TI - [Iatrogenic psychiatric hazards in pregnancy (misdiagnosed teratogenic effects)]. PMID- 6622033 TI - [Cor triatriatum dextrum simulating right ventricular myxoma]. PMID- 6622034 TI - [Diagnosis of deep-vein thrombosis]. PMID- 6622035 TI - Possible alterations in correspondence associated with asymmetric convergence. AB - Available nonius horopter data in asymmetric convergence has been reanalyzed by computing the binocular disparity of each horopter datum point relative to the Vieth - Muller circle. The results of this analysis on the best available data indicate that some corresponding points do shift upon asymmetric gaze. Because such convergence postures involve different eye movement innervational patterns, it is suggested that this is the cause of these apparent alterations. Some of the remaining data showed nonsystematic changes in experimental errors, suggesting that unintentional shifts in fixation may have occurred; unintentional tactile cues (used in making the actual settings) may have been present; and sampling errors may have influenced these particular findings. PMID- 6622036 TI - Short-term adaptation to the induced effect. AB - The short-term adaptation (1-4 h) to the induced effect was investigated on four subjects. A 4% meridional afocal magnifier axis 180 was worn before one eye in normal binocular conditions, which produced vertical retinal-image disparity. In certain circumstances this vertical disparity will give rise to the induced effect, i.e. a surface in the objective frontal plane will appear to be rotated around a vertical axis with the apparently closer edge on the same side as the magnifying lens. Adaptation, which is considered as a reduction in the induced effect over time, was measured with a modified Howard - Dolman apparatus. Both the maximal induced effect and the maximal short-term adaptation occurred within the first 30 min and ranged from 40 to 85%. The final level of short-term adaptation to the induced effect ranged from 20 to 45%. These results suggest a rapid recalibration of binocular depth perception by higher-level perceptual centers. PMID- 6622037 TI - The use of the Friedmann central field analyser in general optometric practice. AB - The importance of obtaining correct filter settings for the instrument with each patient is investigated in a study of 450 patients, covering the age range encountered in practice. The need for a correct procedure and proper training of any ancillary personnel is emphasized. Ten case histories are presented to illustrate the usefulness and limitations of the instrument. Current views of the relevance of field plotting in glaucoma are discussed. Comparisons between the Friedmann and other instruments are reviewed and a list is given of conditions in which the visual field should be plotted. PMID- 6622038 TI - The measurement of soft lens radii by proximity gauging. AB - Thirty hydrogel lenses with a water content of 60% were examined in the Kelvin Soft Lens Measurement Gauge in order to assess their back central optic radii (BCOR). The accuracy, repeatability and limitations of the equipment were considered. The proximity gauging principle avoids central touch of the lens by a probe at the time of measurement. This factor almost certainly contributed to the good measurement consistency obtained (a modal SD of 0.02 mm for four radius measurements). PMID- 6622039 TI - The visual display terminal issue: a consideration of its physiological, psychological and clinical background. AB - The publicity which has been given to Visual Display Terminals (VDTs) in recent years has been prompted by initial complaints from operators of visual and postural discomfort. The interest resulting from these complaints has led to much work being carried out on what appeared to be a potentially large problem. This work has precipitated recommendations and specifications from many quarters which in many cases are overcritical and rigid and do not take into account the great flexibility of the visual system and the need for mobility to maintain postural comfort. In this paper the VDT issue is considered with reference to: the known physiology of the visual and postural mechanisms; the psychological factors such as fatigue, boredom, stress and performance of operators; and the clinical aspects of ocular comfort. PMID- 6622040 TI - Patents review: some recent patents on ophthalmic lenses. PMID- 6622041 TI - Area health authorities and vision screening. PMID- 6622042 TI - On the use of matrices for the mean value of refractive errors. PMID- 6622043 TI - Visual field data. PMID- 6622044 TI - A comparison of the sites at which pentazocine and morphine act to produce analgesia. AB - Sites in the brain stem at which microinjected morphine can produce analgesia have been investigated for sensitivity to microinjections of pentazocine, which has been proposed to act at receptors different to those mediating the effects of morphine. Microinjection of 10 micrograms of pentazocine into the periaqueductal grey matter (PAG), the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis (NRGC) and nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis (NRPG) produced analgesia as determined by the tail flick response to noxious heat. Microinjection of pentazocine into nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) did not produce any discernible change in the nociceptive threshold measured with the tail flick test. Using the pain pressure test, analgesia was observed following microinjections of pentazocine into NRGC and NRPG, but not following microinjections into PAG or NRM. Morphine (3 and 5 micrograms) microinjected into PAG, NRM, NRGC or NRPG produced analgesia as determined by both heat and pressure tests. The analgesia produced by injection of pentazocine into the NRGC or NRPG was comparable to the analgesia produced by microinjection of 3 micrograms of morphine into these areas. The analgesia produced by injection of pentazocine into PAG was significantly less than that produced by 3 micrograms of morphine injected into PAG. Pretreatment with naloxone did not affect the analgesia produced by microinjection of pentazocine into NRGC or NRPG, but did antagonize the analgesia produced by injection of pentazocine into PAG. Naloxone blocked the analgesic effects of microinjected morphine. Analgesia produced by systemically given pentazocine was significantly reduced following microinjection of naloxone into PAG or NRM but not into NRGC or NRPG. The present data provide further evidence that the effects of pentazocine, a kappa agonist drug may be mediated by mechanisms different to those mediating the action of morphine, a mu agonist. PMID- 6622045 TI - Components of the response to pain and variables influencing the response in three groups of facial pain patients. PMID- 6622046 TI - The Headache Scale: a new approach to the assessment of headache pain based on pain descriptions. AB - A Headache Scale was developed to provide an assessment of both the quality and intensity of headache pain. Responses of 150 headache-prone subjects (49 migraine, 101 tension headache), were examined. Using a cluster analysis the adjectives were grouped into 7 clusters including 5 sensory and 2 affective subgroups. Headache was most commonly described in terms of clusters which reflected discomfort and aching pain sensations. Migraine and tension sufferers did not differ markedly in pain quality but intensity of pain differentiated these groups. The results did not support the traditional typology of headache, i.e., migraine/tension. An alternative method of classifying headache cases in terms of their psychological experiences rather than headache symptoms was put forward and implications for future research and treatment were discussed. PMID- 6622047 TI - A comparison of response profiles obtained on the McGill Pain Questionnaire and an adjective checklist. AB - The response profiles on the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) were compared with those obtained from a checklist format, consisting of the 78 MPQ words arranged in random order. Both forms were administered to 3 patient groups: (a) primiparae experiencing post-episiotomy pain (n = 60); (b) outpatients attending a rheumatology clinic wisdom tooth extraction (n = 60); and (c) inpatients having undergone wisdom tooth extraction (n = 60). The order of administration was balanced, so that within each patient group 40 patients received either one of the study forms and 20 both, yielding total sample sizes of 120 and 60 for further statistical analyses. Comparison of numbers of words checked in the two formats showed considerable similarity and so for purposes of further comparison, the MPQ structure was imposed on the checklist. This permitted comparison of summary scores, with no significant differences in mean level, with the sole exception of the evaluative subscale. Comparison of individual subgroup profiles on both forms also showed considerable similarity. A second objective was to compare the format in discriminating between patient groups. It was found that the MPQ offered a higher correct classification rate, although there was little in it, with MPQ subgroup scores rather than subscale scores showing marginally better results. PMID- 6622048 TI - Suprapubic catheterisation after spinal cord injury: a follow-up report. AB - The spinal injury patients who were initially treated by suprapubic catheterisation and reported from this unit in 1976 have been reviewed. Fifteen had died by early 1982; only in two cases from renal causes. All but one of the 23 survivors seen has a normal blood urea, and 15 have normal intravenous pyelograms. Eight patients have abnormal IVPs; the abnormalities were insignificant in four, and have been treated in two. Two patients have unilateral nonfunctioning kidneys. These results suggest that no long term ill effects result from the technique. In view of its considerable administrative advantages suprapubic urinary drainage should become more widely used. PMID- 6622049 TI - A comparison of fine-bore suprapubic and an intermittent urethral catheterisation regime after spinal cord injury. AB - A prospective trial, comparing fine-bore suprapubic catheterisation and intermittent urethral catheterisation as methods of bladder drainage in the acute stage following spinal cord injury, was conducted. The results showed no important difference in either method of bladder management. Fine-bore suprapubic catheterisation is particularly suitable for young female patients, who find repeated urethral catheterisation distasteful; in other patients it is an acceptable alternative to intermittent urethral catheterisation, particularly where economic considerations are paramount. PMID- 6622050 TI - Thermoregulatory set point in patients with spinal cord injuries (spinal man). AB - The thermoregulatory set point in man can be estimated by the aid of quantifying thermal alliesthesial responses. Behavioural and autonomous thermoregulation in a group of nine patients with spinal cord transection was compared against a control group of six non-disabled under various room-climate conditions. Deviation of core temperature from thermoregulatory set point was estimated using a behavioural indicator (thermal alliesthesial responses) at different intervals of the exposure time. General thermal comfort sensation was rated on a subjective thermal comfort scale. The group with spinal cord transections showed, as expected, a state of partial poikilothermia. Mean skin temperature was approximately the same in both groups, but skin temperature distribution was different in the spinal cord transection when compared against the control group. The results of thermal alliesthesial responses indicated that core temperature for those with spinal cord transections were closer to their thermoregulatory set points than in the control group. It has been concluded that under conditions beyond thermal neutrality the spinal man may possess, some time after the injury, a thermoregulatory set point which varies directly with ambient thermal conditions. This phenomenon is viewed as an adaptive thermoregulatory process following spinal cord injury. PMID- 6622051 TI - Fifty years survival after cervical fracture and fusion. AB - A patient who survived for 50 years after two cervical injuries is described. Among other effects he showed remarkable compensatory changes in the vertebrae above and below a cervical fusion operation. He also developed a meningeal pseudocyst following lumbar laminectomy. The history and pathological findings are considered to be instructive. PMID- 6622052 TI - The needs and unique problems facing spinal cord injured persons after limb amputation. AB - Among hundreds of spinal cord injured patients (SCIP) who have been rehabilitated in the Sir Ludwig Guttmann Spinal Cord Injury Unit at the Sheba Medical Centre, Tel Hashomer; we only found six patients who had lost one or more limbs (upper or lower limbs). Although many plastic and orthopaedic surgeons regard paralytic limbs as useless appendages, we cannot agree with this erroneous viewpoint and we find that the clinical and psychological effects of the absence of limb(s) are tremendous. The six case reports are given together with a brief review of the relevant literature. PMID- 6622053 TI - The value of gynaecological examinations in spinal cord injured women. AB - The necessity for regular gynaecological examinations in tetraparaplegic and paraplegic women is pointed out. Outcomes of such examinations during a two and a half year period in the Rehabilitation Centre of Tobelbad illustrate this, as is shown in the tables. PMID- 6622054 TI - Venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism occurring at close intervals in spinal cord injury patients. PMID- 6622055 TI - Specific antibody responses to the variable surface glycoproteins of Trypanosoma congolense in infected cattle. AB - Sera from cattle infected with three Trypanosoma congolense clones (ILNat 2.1, ILNat 3.1 and ILRAD 588) derived from different stocks were analysed for the presence of specific antibodies against the surface glycoproteins (VSGs) of the infecting trypanosomes using the solid and liquid-phase radioimmunoassays and the neutralization of infectivity test. High levels of IgM, IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies against the VSGs of the infecting variable antigen types (VATs) as well as other VATs that arose during the course of infection were detected. In addition, 11 out of 12 infected animals showed recurrent peaks of antibody activity against the infecting trypanosomes. The recurrent peaks of antibody activity against the VSGs of the infecting organisms would suggest either a reappearance of trypanosomes of the infecting types or emergence of organisms that bear similar surface determinants. In contrast to the studies on murine trypanosomiasis, there was little or no antibody activity against 2,4,6-trinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin (TNP-BSA) in sera from these cattle. PMID- 6622056 TI - Nematospiroides dubius in the mouse: evidence that adult worms depress the expression of homologous immunity. AB - Mice immunized by a single infection with irradiated (25 krad) larvae of N. dubius were very resistant to subsequent challenge. However, when normal larvae were administered together with irradiated larvae at immunization, the acquired immunity expressed against a challenge infection was markedly depressed. It was found that as few as 50 normal N. dubius larvae interfered with the immunity that would have otherwise been elicited by the concurrently administered irradiated larvae, but this depressed response was totally alleviated when the normal worms were removed after completing their development in the intestinal mucosa and before they reached adulthood. Adult N. dubius were transplanted directly into the intestines of mice either 7 days before or after immunization by irradiated larvae; it was shown that the recipient mice were less resistant to challenge than mice which had been sham operated. Transplanted adult worms themselves stimulated very little resistance to challenge in recipient mice. These results established that adult parasites are capable of depressing the expression of homologous immunity in the mouse. The possible mechanisms by which N. dubius might modulate the host's immunological activity at the intestinal level are discussed and it is proposed that this mechanism is of benefit to the parasite in preventing the host from eliminating the worms during a chronic primary function. PMID- 6622057 TI - [Fumarate reductase in the mitochondria of the trematode Calicophoron ijimai]. AB - The presence of active fumarate reductase system in mitochondria of the trematode Calicophoron ijimai was shown. Fumarate reductase activities in different collections of C. ijimai vary considerably. Maximum activity accounts for 47.7 +/ 1.0 nM/min/mg protein whereas minimum--for 15.1 +/- 0.1. Some properties of the enzyme were studied. The effect of thiabendazole, bitionol, oxinid and preparations of G-1026 and G-937 on the fumarate reductase activity was investigated. G-1026, G-937 preparations and bitionol have the strongest inhibitory effect on the enzyme. Thiabendazole inhibited but little the fumarate reductase reaction in C. ijimai. The enzyme activity was not affected by oxinid. PMID- 6622058 TI - [Redescription of Dermacentor raskemensis Pomerantzev, 1946 (Ixodidae)--a representative of the mountain fauna of the southern regions of the USSR and adjacent territories]. AB - A redescription of female and male of the little-known species Dermacentor raskemensis Pomerantzev has been made on the holotype (male, West China, Sinkiang) and on collection material of Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and Institute of Zoology of Armenian SSR: three females and males from Armenia and western Pakistan. Despite a considerable remoteness of their distribution areas all studied specimens show stability of their specific characters and differ distinctly from the close species D. niveus Neumann and D. everestianus Hirst. The both sexes (especially female) of D. raskemensis differ in having peculiar, most complete (in the ranges of the genus) filing of the dorsal shield area with dense light pigment and by prevalence of very small punctation and the lack of contrast between it and larger punctation. Peritreme of D. raskemensis male has a long narrow dorsal process which is at the right angel to its longitudinal axis and slightly concave along the hind edge. The dorsal process of the female is well developed and is at the right or acute angles to the longitudinal axis. In addition the both sexes have a wide smooth thickening along the anterior edge of the process, the proportions of peritreme are specific in species. In close species the dorsal process of peritreme is at the blunt angle to its longitudinal axis, in D. everestianus the thickening along the anterior edge is missing. Female of D. raskemensis lacks wing-shaped appendages of the genital opening while in D. niveus they are distinct (the structure is not mentioned in the description of D everestianus). D. raskenmensis apparently inhabits highlands and meadow-steppe, steppe and mountain sparce forest zones most part of which is covered by rocks and screes. In Armenia it was recorded from Armenian mouflon and wild goat; in other countries (Iran, Afghanistan, western Pakistan, India and China) it occurs on sheep and goats from alpine pastures. Most collections were done in autumn, winter and spring. PMID- 6622059 TI - [New subgenus and species of the bloodsucking mosquito Aedes (Edwardsaedes) bekkui Mogi, 1977 (Culicidae) among the fauna of the USSR]. AB - 69 females of mosquitoes belonging to the subgenus and species Aedes (Edwardsaedes) bekkui Mogi, 1977 new for the fauna of the USSR were collected in the Khasan and Lazovsky regions of the Primorye Territory in summer of 1981. Apparently earlier this species was erroneously taken for Ae. vexans. A description of female of Ae. bekkui with a use of new unified terms, comparison with other species of the subgenus Edwardsaedes and differences from females of Ae. vexans are given. PMID- 6622060 TI - [Biology of Paramphistomum petrowi--a parasite of axis deer in the Maritime Territory]. AB - Experiments have shown that developmental period of eggs of P. petrowi under humid conditions depends directly on temperature. At 30 C their development is over in 8, at 26-27 C in 14 and at 18.5 C in 40 days. Under natural conditions at daily average temperature of 17.5 C the hatching of miracidia occurred in 52 days. Intermediate host of this trematode in a zone of park deer breeding is a freshwater mollusc of the family Planorbidae, Anisus minusculus. The development of parthenites in the intermediate host at 11 to 22 C completes within 83 days. PMID- 6622061 TI - Effects of alcoholic extract from Ma-Klua (Diospyros mollis) on adults and larvae of the dwarf tapeworm, Hymenolepis nana in mice and on the infectivity of the eggs. AB - The anthelmintic effect of an alcoholic extract from a shrub, Diospyros mollis, popularly known as Ma-Klua in Thailand, on the adults and larvae of the dwarf tapeworm, Hymenolepis nana, in mice was studied in comparison with that of flubendazole. The experimentally infected mice were given a single oral dose of 10-1000 mg of Ma-Klua extract or flubendazole/kg body wt 1, 2, 3, 4, or 12 days post-infection and autopsied 14 days post-infection. Ma-Klua extract was effective in the elimination of adults (ED50 = 79 mg/kg) but not larvae. Drastic effects of Ma-Klua extract on the motility and structure of adults were observed and the number of the adults in mice decreased with time after administration of the drug 12 days post-infection. The small numbers of adults remaining in the host intestine 2 days after the drug administration showed severe damage in the gravid segments. These facts were thought to be responsible for the significant reduction in egg output observed 1 and 2 days after medication. Fresh eggs exposed to Ma-Klua extract in vitro and in vivo, or in vivo alone showed reduced infectivity. The effect of flubendazole on adults and larvae was minimal. PMID- 6622062 TI - Genetic control of liability to infection with Nematospiroides dubius in mice: direct and correlated responses to selection of mice for faecal parasite egg count. AB - Mice selected as liable (L) and refractory (R) over 10 generations voided significantly more and less Nematospiroides dubius eggs compared with randomly mated (Rd) mice after primary infection with 100 larvae. Strong positive correlation was found between the numbers of N. dubius eggs in mouse faeces and the numbers of adult N. dubius recovered from mice culled from the R, Rd and L colonies. Selection limit based on a faecal e.p.g. was reached in the L mice after 9 generations whereas the faecal N. dubius e.p.g. voided by the R mice continued to decline throughout selection. In contrast, no change in worm numbers was found in L or R mice after 6 generations. The refractory state of the trait, liability to infection with N. dubius, was inherited as a dominant character with a realized heritability value of approximately 0.2. Differential correlated responses from N. dubius infectivity compared with N. dubius fecundity and growth indicated murine genetic control of this trait by 2 major genetic units. In general, there were negative phenotypic and genetic correlations between the faecal N. dubius e.p.g. of mice and murine morphological conformation, but positive correlations between the faecal N. dubius e.p.g. of selected mice and establishment, growth and fecundity of N. dubius populations in these mice. There was little correlation between the faecal N. dubius e.p.g. after primary infection and anti-N. dubius antibody titres and parasite female/male sex-ratio. PMID- 6622063 TI - The mode of action of suramin on the filarial worm Brugia pahangi. AB - The mode of action of suramin upon Brugia pahangi has been investigated in vivo and in vitro. The drug was without effect on the glycolytic activity of worms in vitro at 2 X 10(-4) M. The lack of effect was correlated with the failure of [14C]suramin to penetrate the worms in vitro. Suramin bound to the surface of worms in vitro presumably by virtue of its polyanionic nature. B. pahangi adults ingested [14C]suramin in vivo but no reduction in the rate of lactate production, of glucose utilization or in the rates of uptake of [14C]glucose, [14C]leucine or [14C]adenosine was observed in worms recovered from jirds between weeks 1 and 5 following 4 daily doses of suramin at 50 mg/kg given intraperitoneally. Worm death occurred between weeks 5 and 7 but this delayed drug effect was not the result of a progressive accumulation of suramin in the worms. Ultrastructural changes were observed in the intestinal epithelium of worms from suramin-treated jirds and parallel observations on worms exposed to Trypan blue in vivo suggest that both polyanionic compounds are restricted to the intestinal lumen of the worms. The evidence presented is consistent with the concept that, in B. pahangi, suramin acts at the surface of the intestinal epithelium and not by primarily inhibiting glucose catabolism or inhibiting phagosome and lysosome fusion as previously demonstrated for bloodstream trypanosomes and mammalian macrophages, respectively. PMID- 6622064 TI - Studies on the pathology of an avian trypanosome (T. bouffardi) infection in experimentally infected canaries. AB - Experimental infections of canaries with an avian trypanosome, Trypanosoma bouffardi, isolated from West Africa demonstrated that these infections can cause pathological changes in tissues. Enlargement of the spleen coincided with peak parasitaemia but no other gross changes were observed. Histopathological examination of infected and control birds revealed focal myocarditis and lymphoid hyperplasia, in infected birds, which are consistent with trypanosome infection. Avian trypanosome infections are not usually regarded as pathogenic but our results suggest that pathological changes occur which are similar to those observed in mammals infected with salivarian trypanosomes. PMID- 6622065 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: the structure and elemental composition of pre-acetabular penetration gland cell secretion in pre-emergent cercariae. AB - The structure and elemental composition of the secretory products of the pre acetabular penetration gland cells of pre-emergent cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni have been investigated at an ultrastructural level using X-ray probe microanalysis. The secretion contains 2 types of bodies, one homogeneous and one heterogeneous with electron-lucent areas. Using a variety of fixation and sectioning techniques it has been shown that the apparent electron density of the homogeneous bodies (Type B) is the result of interaction with osmium tetroxide and stain. The small electron-lucent areas of the other type of secretory body (Type A) represent regions where granules have been leached out by processing media. X-ray analysis of cercariae still within sporocysts has indicated that these granules are very rich in calcium, and it is suggested that the calcium is absorbed by the developing cercariae through the sporocyst wall from the molluscan haemolymph. PMID- 6622066 TI - A comparative study of susceptibility of inbred and outbred mouse strains compared with hamsters to infection with New World cutaneous leishmaniases. AB - One stock of each of Leishmania mexicana mexicana and L. m. amazonensis together with two stocks of L. braziliensis panamensis and L. b. braziliensis were tested for infectivity in inbred mouse strains Balb/c and CBA/H. The infectivity was compared with hamsters and the outbred CD1 mice. Balb/c mice were more susceptible than hamsters to L. mexicana and L. braziliensis panamensis. Balb/c mice were not susceptible to L. b. braziliensis. CBA/H mice showed a low susceptibility to infection while CD1 mice showed an intermediate response. PMID- 6622067 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: migration and attrition of irradiated and challenge schistosomula in the mouse. AB - The fate of irradiated, immunizing cercariae and challenge schistosomula was investigated in mice using a quantitative, histological technique which would appear to be more efficient in estimating parasite numbers in skin and lungs than does the tissue mincing and incubation recovery technique used previously by other workers. There was evidence for slight retardation of irradiated (20 krad.) parasite migration in skin, but death of schistosomula in the skin appeared negligible. It was observed that the majority of irradiated parasites remained in the lungs until at least day 21 after infection, and that most schistosomula observed at this time were dead. In mice immunized with irradiated cercariae there was no evidence of attrition of the challenge infection in the skin. The migration profile of challenge parasites in the lungs of immunized animals was not significantly different from that of normal parasites in the lungs of naive animals. Dead challenge parasites were observed in the lungs but their numbers were not considered great enough to account for the final attrition measured by perfusion. It is suggested that the remainder of the attrition of challenge schistosomula may occur in the systemic and/or hepatic portal circulation. PMID- 6622068 TI - The social application of Pavlovian theories. PMID- 6622069 TI - Pavlovian extinction, phobias, and the limits of the cognitive paradigm. AB - The slow or total lack of decrease in some autonomic responses during extinction in aversive conditioning and concomitant verbalization of fear have remained a problem for learning theories and psychophysiology. Removal of the aversive stimulus should result in a rapid decrement in responding, as it does in cognitive and somatic systems. In laboratory analogues of phobia and clinical neurosis, however, such decreases do not occur in some autonomic responses and reported fear. In this article three areas of research are presented in which dissociations occur between cognitive and autonomic responses: 1) relational learning, 2) phobia, and 3) incubation. The data indicate that there are some important distinctions to be made concerning the properties of different psychological and physiological systems. These distinctions pertain to the differences between cognitive and noncognitive systems, between the two branches of the ANS, and between acquisition and extinction processes. These distinctions lead to a number of hypotheses concerning dissociations between response systems and have important implications for the understanding and treatment of neurosis. PMID- 6622070 TI - Conditional tonic stimulus control of nonspecific arousal. AB - Subjects performed a reaction time (RT) task in the presence of colored indirect lighting which had previously been associated with either sporadic electric shock (Unsafe context) or no shock (Safe context). Autonomic and cortical processes were influenced by the visual context in two ways. Nonspecific arousal was elevated in the Unsafe context as compared with the Safe context (larger SCR and more accelerative HR change elicited by the RT warning stimulus, and retarded habituation of the middle component of the slow cortical potential during the warning stimulus). In addition, information processing may have been impaired in the Unsafe as compared to the Safe context, since the earliest component of the SCR and the N100 component of the auditory evoked potential were both reduced. Higher frequency of unelicited SCR was observed following changes from a Safe to an Unsafe context than with reverse changes, during the association of these contexts with shock, but this was the only evidence of direct tonic conditioning. In general, the results demonstrate the degree to which psychophysiological processes may be influenced by tonic environmental conditions. PMID- 6622072 TI - Concomitant Pavlovian conditioning of heart rate and leg flexion responses in the rat. AB - Pavlovian conditioning was studied in male Fischer 344 rats using tones as the conditioned stimulus (CS) and footshock as the unconditioned stimulus (UCS). Different groups of animals received (a) contiguous CS-UCS pairings with a 0.5 sec CS, (b) contiguous CS-UCS pairings with a 4.0 sec CS, or (c) a random sequence of noncontiguous tones and shocks using either a 0.5 sec or a 4.0 sec CS. Heart rate (HR) and leg flexion (LF) responses were recorded. Leg flexion conditioning occurred only in the 0.5 sec contiguous group. Decelerative HR CRs occurred only in the 4.0 sec contiguous group. Accelerative HR changes occurred in the other two groups but were significantly greater in the 0.5 sec contiguous group. These results are similar to but not identical to those obtained during eyeblink or nictitating membrane conditioning in rabbits, and suggest that the topography of the Pavlovian HR CR is dependent on the simultaneous occurrence of other classically conditioned responses. PMID- 6622071 TI - Postnatal development of heart rate patterns elicited by an aversive CS and US in cats. AB - Heart rate and motor responses were recorded in cats of different ages during classical conditioning. A deceleratory-acceleratory heart rate pattern observed during the CS-US interval in one- and four-week-old kittens is an alpha conditioned response, a potentiated original response to the CS. At eight weeks of age two new distinct patterns of pure acceleration or pure deceleration are acquired during conditioning and in the absence of motor learning. At 12 weeks of age and in adult subjects, heart rate patterns during the CS-US interval become more complex and conditioned motor responses can be observed. A covariance of HR acceleration and motor responses during the CS-US interval is absent in eight week-old subjects, but quite high in 12-week-old subjects and adult cats. The data are interpreted as suggesting separate elicitatory mechanisms of HR and motor responses which may show synchrony later in ontogeny. PMID- 6622074 TI - A pediatrician's view. PMID- 6622073 TI - Relations between visceral and behavioral function in men at bedrest. AB - Multiple physiological measurements as well as a self-assessment of arousal was made in eight men on the first, third, and fifth days of bedrest. On the third day, additional measurements of performance on memory and dexterity tasks were made. Univariate analysis did not reveal any physiological variable to either predict subsequent performance well or to co-vary acutely with it; however, self rating scores did prove to be useful predictors of subsequent performance. Principal components analysis suggested an "alertness" factor comprised of physiological measures as well as self-ratings which helped in predicting better performance. Although the individual patterns of correlations between variable on each of the three test days was variable, even more variability between subjects was found on the performance testing day. We believe this effect of behavioral activation may be due to the injection of common, slow temporal trends into many of the different data sets. PMID- 6622075 TI - Strabismus. PMID- 6622076 TI - Infantile cataracts. PMID- 6622077 TI - Amblyopia and the pediatrician. AB - Amblyopia is one of the most common eye ailments in children. Early treatment can frequently eliminate this problem. The responsibility for early recognition falls primarily on the pediatrician. The following summarizes what ought to be done for each age group to rule out amblyopia and its associated conditions. Newborn to age four months--Make sure the eyes appear normal externally and have a clear red reflex (no cataracts). Infants after age four months--Check fixation of each eye with a penlight. Check for symmetrical corneal light reflexes. Also check red reflex and fundus. Be aware of a positive family history. Age four--Visual acuity in each eye should be measured. Ideally all children should be referred for a complete eye examination and refraction if this is economically feasible. School age--Check vision yearly. If a person is going to have one complete routine eye examination by an ophthalmologist in the first half of his lifetime, checking him at age four years would be ideal. It should include a cycloplegic refraction to rule out excessive farsightedness, nearsightedness, astigmatism or unequal refraction in the two eyes. This should be done by a person thoroughly schooled in recognizing eye diseases rather than by a nonmedical practitioner. Annual eye examinations by an ophthalmologist are probably unnecessary if the visual acuity is good and the child is asymptomatic. PMID- 6622079 TI - Symposium on pediatric allergy. PMID- 6622078 TI - Neuro-ophthalmology for the pediatrician. AB - The pediatrician needs to develop some skills in evaluating afferent visual functions and ocular motor abnormalities. He must know some fundamental neuro ophthalmologic facts to prevent his patients from undergoing unnecessary diagnostic and surgical procedures. In addition, he needs to understand the fundamentals of strabismus and amblyopia, which are briefly considered in this article. First, the most common type of nystagmus in children is congenital nystagmus. These children often have a head turn or tilt. Also, it should be remembered that numerous drugs may cause nystagmus. Second, any child with a head turn or tilt must be considered to have some ocular motor abnormality until a complete ophthalmologic evaluation has eliminated this possibility. In addition, before a child is considered to have an isolated sixth-nerve palsy, the child should be examined for Duane's retraction syndrome. Also, before an inferior oblique palsy is diagnosed, a Brown's tendon sheath syndrome should be considered. Thus, any ocular muscle abnormality deserves an ophthalmologic evaluation. Third, when bilateral swollen optic nerves are noted as an incidental finding, drusen of the optic nerve head should be suspected. A unilateral swollen disk with decreased visual acuity and a Marcus Gunn pupil should bring to mind a papillitis, which is a local inflammatory condition of the optic nerve head. Remember, papilledema is a bilateral condition secondary to increased intracranial pressure with normal vision. Children with papilledema usually have other signs of increased intracranial pressure. PMID- 6622080 TI - Evaluation of skin testing in the diagnosis of IgE-mediated disease. PMID- 6622081 TI - Bronchial responsiveness in children. PMID- 6622082 TI - Practical considerations in the safe and effective use of theophylline. PMID- 6622083 TI - Extragonadal endodermal sinus tumors in children: a review of 24 cases. AB - Endodermal sinus tumors (EST) are highly malignant lesions with a tendency to recur locally and with a high incidence of metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. The clinical and radiographic spectra of 24 patients with extragonadal EST are reported. There were 17 females and seven males and the mean age of presentation was 21 months. The primary lesion occurred in the sacrococcygeal region in 16 patients; in the vagina in two patients; in the anterior mediastinum in two patients; and in the bladder, liver, nasopharynx and posterior cranial fossa in one patient each. Computed tomography (CT) is the most accurate study in delineating the extent of primary lesions particularly in the pelvis and head and neck and also for demonstrating metastatic disease in the lungs. Significant improvement in survival rates is obtained with a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. PMID- 6622085 TI - Lower extremity deep vein thrombosis in children. AB - Of 113 leg venograms performed in patients of all ages between 1969 and 1982, 68 were in children 16 years old or less. The patients were all studied on a tilt table (method of Rabinov and Paulin) in a head-up, 40-50 degrees incline without tourniquets, supporting their weight on the unaffected leg. Among the 68 venograms, 12 (18%) were positive for deep vein thrombosis. The clinical settings for thrombosis in children were post-catheterization (two patients), post surgery (two), tumor/tumor therapy (three), drug abuse (one), infection (one), and idiopathic (three). There were no long-term clinical sequelae in five patients. Pulmonary infarction occurred in three, and three patients required either long term anticoagulation or IVC clipping. Clinical diagnosis is no more accurate for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis in children than it is in adults. Venography is the best method for making an accurate diagnosis and directing subsequent therapy. PMID- 6622084 TI - Radiologic evaluation of adenoids and tonsils in children with obstructive sleep apnea: plain films and fluoroscopy. PMID- 6622086 TI - Splenic abscess diagnosed by ultrasound in the pediatric patient. Report of three cases. AB - Ultrasound is the imaging method of choice for early diagnosis of patients with suspected splenic abscess and a good screening study in patients with fever and nonspecific abdominal symptoms. PMID- 6622087 TI - Humeral head and coracoid ossification in Nigerian newborn infants. AB - The presence of the coracoid and proximal humeral head epiphysis in 201 Nigerian newborn infants was related to gestational age. The appearance of the humeral head of ossification centre was delayed, while the coracoid epiphysis appeared earlier than those of Caucasian newborn infants. There was no difference in the pattern of epiphyseal ossification between the sexes. PMID- 6622088 TI - Spontaneous pneumothorax in cystic adenomatoid malformation. AB - Spontaneous pneumothorax as the initial manifestation of cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung is rare. Only four cases have been reported in the English literature. We add one more case, and review the clinical and roentgenographic findings. All the patients presented later in infancy or childhood and the cyst type appear to belong to Madewell's dominant cyst type. PMID- 6622089 TI - Pancreatic carcinoma in a neonate. AB - The clinical and radiographic findings in a neonate with adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas are presented. CT revealed the mass to be well defined, with an inhomogeneous density before and after intravenous contrast enhancement. Ultrasound revealed the mass to be mainly densely echogenic with small, irregular echo-free areas. The portal vein was intimately applied to the posterior aspect of the mass. The literature concerning adenocarcinoma of the pancreas in the pediatric age group is reviewed. PMID- 6622090 TI - Fetal pancreatic hamartoma. AB - Pancreatic masses are uncommon lesions in the newborn infant. The authors present the first reported case of neonatal pancreatic hamartoma and describe its interesting clinical, histologic, and radiographic aspects. PMID- 6622091 TI - Esophageal stricture and web secondary to Stevens-Johnson syndrome. AB - Esophageal stricture and web are described in a 14-year-old girl who presented with a history of progressive dysphagia subsequent to an episode of Stevens Johnson syndrome at the age of 4. PMID- 6622092 TI - Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome in a newborn girl whose brother had prune belly syndrome: common pathogenesis? AB - A case of megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS) is presented. There were important findings: a urachal remnant and a brother with prune belly syndrome (PBS). After a review of the literature, many common characteristics of MMIHS and PBS are described: flaccid abdomen, dilatation of the urinary tract, intestinal malrotation, cryptorchidism, urachal remnants and familial incidence. MMIHS and PBS may be manifestations of the same underlying process. PMID- 6622093 TI - Infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma treated by radiotherapy. AB - Infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma is a rare tumor of infancy, sometimes associated with cutaneous hemangiomatosis. It is clinically evident within the first six months after birth and can be life threatening because of heart failure, intraperitoneal hemorrhage or thrombocytopenia. In less severe forms spontaneous regression has been described. Current treatment may be surgical ligation of the hepatic artery, or pharmacological therapy with corticosteroids or radiotherapy. A 4-month infant is described, admitted with acute heart failure and huge hepatomegaly. Since a surgical approach was not possible and corticosteroid therapy failed to achieve the expected effect, radiotherapy was given with excellent results. PMID- 6622094 TI - The chronically reserpinized rat as a model for cystic fibrosis: alterations in the mucus-secreting sublingual gland. PMID- 6622095 TI - Fetal alcohol syndrome: failure of zinc supplementation to reverse the effect of ethanol on placental transport of zinc. AB - clinical observation and experimental animal models indicate that chronic ethanol ingestion during pregnancy results in a well recognized state in the fetus termed fetal alcohol syndrome. We have recently demonstrated, using an in vivo technique, that placental transport of zinc, an essential element for protein synthesis, is significantly decreased by short-term and long-term ethanol ingestion during pregnancy; moreover, total fetal zinc concentration in the offspring of mothers on chronic ethanol diet was significantly decreased compared to pair-fed controls. These findings indicated that the growth retardation in fetal alcohol syndrome may be due partly to a decrease in the transfer of zinc to the fetus. Our current study was designed to investigate whether the defect in placental transport can be overcome by supplementation of the ethanol diet with either 10 or 40 mg of zinc per liter in isocalorically pair-fed pregnant rats. The results indicate that supplementation of the ethanol diet with zinc did not overcome the defect in placental transport of zinc. PMID- 6622096 TI - Deficient fumarylacetoacetate fumarylhydrolase activity in lymphocytes and fibroblasts from patients with hereditary tyrosinemia. AB - Fumarylacetoacetate fumarylhydrolase (E.C.3.7.1.2.), a liver enzyme involved in tyrosine degradation, is shown to be present in many human tissues and cells including lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and cultured amniotic fluid cells. The enzyme activity in lymphocytes from six patients with hereditary tyrosinemia (hepatorenal type) and fibroblasts from three patients, was found to be less than 10% of the activity in control subjects. In lymphocytes and fibroblasts from the parents (n = 16) of the patients the enzyme values were compatible with a heterozygote genotype. The lymphocyte enzyme pattern of the control subjects (n = 97), is complicated, and indicates possible enzyme variants. PMID- 6622097 TI - Importance of upper airway airflow in the ventilatory depression of laryngeal origin. AB - Flows of air through the upper airway depress ventilation, particularly in newborns. This reflex response can be due to changes in upper airway pressure and/or upper airway airflow. In order to investigate the separate role of these two factors, we have studied four adult cats and three newborn kittens anaesthetized with pentobarbital. The animals were spontaneously breathing through a tracheostomy placed low in the neck. A second cannula located just below the larynx could be connected to a steady airflow source or to a pressurized jar. During the delivery of upper airway airflows, tidal volume, frequency and ventilation were decreased. When static pressures of values similar to those measured during the delivery of the airflows were applied, no depression of the ventilatory parameters was observed. We conclude that dynamic flow dependent factors are required for the ventilatory inhibition originating from the upper airways. PMID- 6622098 TI - The effect of high or low oxygen affinity red cells on tissue oxygenation and myocardial function in hypoxic newborn lambs with or without hypercapnia. AB - In order to compare high and low oxygen affinity blood under conditions of severe respiratory failure, the effects of a high or low P50 were evaluated in two groups of newborn lambs (P50, 20 mmHg versus 30 mmHg), under conditions of hypoxic hypoxia (Fio2, 10%) and hypercapnic hypoxia (Fio2, 10% and Fico2, 10%). Data on cardiovascular function, blood gas parameters, and tissue oxygenation were collected under normoxic conditions and during severe hypoxia. During hypoxic hypoxia, a higher arterial oxygen content was noted in the high affinity group throughout the experiment; however, there were no significant differences detected in the remainder of the parameters studied. During hypercapnic hypoxia, the position of the oxygen dissociation curve did not cause any significant differences. When, however, hypercapnic hypoxia was compared to hypoxic hypoxia, there was a significant increase in cardiac output and myocardial contraction during hypercapnia. PMID- 6622099 TI - Carnitine status at birth of newborn infants of varying gestation. AB - This study assessed and compared the plasma and red blood cell concentrations of carnitine in cord blood samples from preterm (less than or equal to 36 wk, n = 53) and term (greater than or equal to 37 wk, n = 72) neonates. The mean (+/- S.E.) plasma carnitine concentration (PL[C]) was significantly higher in preterm than in term neonates (29.0 +/- 1.8 versus 22.4 +/- 0.8 nmole/ml; P less than 0.001). Likewise, the mean (+/- S.E.) red blood cell carnitine concentration (RBC[C]) was significantly higher in preterm than in term neonates (0.24 +/- 0.02 versus 0.14 +/- 0.01 nmole/mg Hgb; P less than 0.001). Both PL[C] and RBC[C] were particularly elevated in extremely immature neonates (less than or equal to 33 wk gestation). Linear regression analysis showed a significantly negative correlation between PL[C] and gestational age (r = -0.332; P less than 0.001), and between RBC[C] and gestational age (r = -0.531; P less than 0.001). Approximately 72.2 +/- 1.1% (mean +/- S.E.) of carnitine in blood was estimated to be contained in the RBC, and 27.8 +/- 1.1% (mean +/- S.E.) of carnitine was estimated to be in the plasma. PMID- 6622100 TI - Thyroxine metabolism in cultured cells derived from fetal rat lung. PMID- 6622101 TI - Brain water and ion content during progressive water loading in the newborn puppy. PMID- 6622102 TI - Selective fetal malnutrition: the effect of in vivo ethanol exposure upon in vitro placental uptake of amino acids in the non-human primate. AB - In vitro uptake (45 and 90 minutes) of amino acids, alpha-amino isobutyric (AIB) and valine (VAL), was measured in six placentae from the nonhuman primate, Macacca fascicularis. Three of the pregnant primates were chronically treated with ethanol before and throughout pregnancy (CHR); one during the last trimester only (LT); and two were controls (C). Compared to the C placentae, the LT placenta had significantly decreased uptake only for AIB at 45 min: 33.4 +/- 6.8% reduction (mean +/- S.E.) (P less than 0.05). In contrast, the CHR placentae demonstrated significantly reduced uptake (P less than 0.01) for both amino acids at both time points. Percent reduction at 45 and 90 min: AIB, 35.2 +/- 6.5% and 32.6 +/- 5.6% and VAL, 38.7 +/- 2.9% and 22.1 +/- 4.1%. The results indicate that chronic in vivo ethanol exposure impairs the in vitro placental uptake of two actively transported amino acids, using an animal with a placenta almost identical to the human. PMID- 6622103 TI - Intestinal amino acid absorption in the Fanconi syndrome: studies in patients and in rats with the maleic acid induced syndrome. PMID- 6622104 TI - Ontogeny of hepatic peroxisomal uricase activity in the mongrel puppy. AB - Activities of uricase, catalase, and acid phosphatase were measured in the light mitochondrial subcellular fraction of liver from late fetal, neonatal, and adult dogs in order to examine the hypothesis that diminished hepatic peroxisomal uricase activity is responsible for elevated plasma uric acid concentrations in newborn puppies. Late fetal dogs had slightly lower uricase activity than 1-day old puppies (1.4 +/- 1.0 (S.D.) and 3.9 +/- 0.7 X 10(-5) mumole hydrolyzed/min/g liver, respectively, P less than 0.5), and both were much lower than 30-day-old and adult dogs (46.3 +/- 33.7 and 30.8 +/- 17.6, respectively, P less than 0.50). Comparison with the pattern of development of catalase and acid phosphatase demonstrated nonparallelism with uricase activity lagging behind both other enzymes. Plasma urate concentrations of 0.66 +/- 0.09 (S.D.) mg/dl in fetal animals were higher than the maternal plasma value (0.22 mg/dl), which appears to exclude the possibility that low fetal uricase activity was the result of decreased enzyme substrate. PMID- 6622105 TI - Studies on bile-salt-stimulated lipolytic activity in human milk. II Demonstration of two groups of milk with different activities. AB - Human milk samples were assayed for bile-salt-stimulated lipolytic activity in the presence of an unpurified and purified preparation of glycoconjugated bile salts and two patterns of activity were obtained. One group of milks (high activity) had similar activities (mean +/- 1 S.D.) of 16.9 +/- 3.5 (purified bile salts) and 17.2 +/- 3.5 mumole . ml-1 . h-1 (unpurified bile salts) whereas another group (low activity) had a lower activity with the purified (4.2 +/- 2.3 mumole . ml-1 . h-1) than with the unpurified bile salt preparation (19.9 +/- 4.0 mumole . ml-1 . h-1). Activities of the low activity milks (assayed with the purified bile salts) could be increased following storage at -20 degrees C, sonication, or the preparation of an acetone ether powder and, in some cases, reached the maximal activity obtained with the unpurified bile salt preparation. These procedures had no effect on the activity of the high activity milks. Recombination experiments, whereby the milk serum from a low activity milk was added to the milk fat of a high activity milk and vice versa, and also kinetic studies suggest that the differences in activities between the two groups result from differences in availability of the enzyme and are independent of the source of milk fat. PMID- 6622106 TI - Pulmonary vascular effects of amrinone in conscious lambs. AB - The direct pulmonary vascular effects of amrinone, a nonglycoside, noncatechole cardiotonic agent were studied in conscious newborn lambs using a double-flow probe preparation that allows separation of direct and indirect pulmonary vascular effects. Amrinone was found to be a direct pulmonary vasodilator with a threshold dose of 0.3 mg/kg. Amrinone also increased cardiac output and decreased aortic pressure at somewhat higher threshold doses (1.0 mg/kg and 3.0 mg/kg, respectively). Amrinone's peak effect on pulmonary resistance appeared greater than its peak systemic effects. These effects were noted in both normoxia and hypoxia, and were not changed by pretreatment with propranolol. PMID- 6622107 TI - Oral immunization to milk protein in human infants in the presence of passive antibody. AB - The possible influence of maternal antibody on the immune response to bovine serum albumin (BSA), a normal cow's milk protein, was investigated in fullterm human neonates. Antibody production to BSA of 12 infants with passively acquired anti-BSA (Group I) was compared to the immune response of nine infants without passive anti-BSA at birth (Group II) during the first 6 months of life. All infants were raised on commercial cow's milk formulas containing BSA in concentrations from 0.4-4.0 mg/dl. From 4 wk of age concentrations of circulating anti-BSA as measured by radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay (ELISA) were higher in Group II, but differences were not statistically significant. There was no differences in the immune response between infants ingesting formulas with high BSA content compared to infants ingesting low concentrations of antigenic BSA. The main isotype associated with anti-BSA formation was IgG. IgA in measurable amounts appeared later and accounted for approximately 10% of circulating antibody in both groups at 6 months of age. Ony small amounts of IgM- and IgE-anti-BSA were detected. PMID- 6622108 TI - Metabolism of the human placenta perfused in vitro: glucose transfer and utilization, O2 consumption, lactate and ammonia production. AB - Oxygen consumption, glucose transfer and utilization, and lactate and ammonia release were studied in the human full term placenta using an in vitro perfusion technique. D-Glucose was the only substrate added to the perfusion fluid. On the maternal side, oxygen and glucose were taken up at a constant rate during perfusion. On the fetal side, a lower oxygen uptake was observed. Glucose was steadily released into the fetal perfusate as a result of the downhill concentration gradient established between maternal and fetal circulations. By contrast, lactate and ammonia release took place only into the maternal circulation and decreased rapidly during perfusion. No significant change in tissue glucose content was observed between the onset and the end of the experiment. Placental lactate and ammonia concentrations were shown to diminish significantly during perfusion. PMID- 6622109 TI - Jejunal transport in experimental nephrotic syndrome. AB - In vivo jejunal transport of amino acids, monosaccharides, sodium, and electrolytes were studied in rats made nephrotic with puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) and in pair-fed controls. Studies were performed 14 days after a single intravenous dose of PAN when rats were no longer edematous, but were still hypoproteinemic. There was decreased absorption of glucose, 3-0-methyl glucose, glycine, phenylalanine, histidine, water, and sodium in the nephrotic animals but transport of fructose, lysine and potassium was similar in the nephrotic and control animals. Enzyme kinetic studies for glucose transport showed a mixed type of inhibition affecting both Vm and Km. The jejunal mucosa of nephrotic and control rats had similar ATP content and enzyme activity for lactase, sucrase, maltase and (Na-K)-ATPase and the ratios of RNA to DNA were similar in the nephrotic and control rats. No abnormality of the jejunum was detected by light or electron microscopy. The data suggest that the impairment of absorption is a result of decreased activity of jejunal membrane carrier mechanisms. The altered transport may be secondary to effects related to the metabolic consequences of nephrotic syndrome and does not appear to be related to acute purine aminonucleoside toxicity, edema or malnutrition. PMID- 6622110 TI - Ultrasonic and jet aerosolization of phospholipids and the effects on surface activity. AB - Surface active aerosols were produced from aqueous dispersions of mixed lipids (CLL), extracted from bovine lung lavage. Particle size distributions were measured as a function of humidity for two types of aerosol generators: ultrasonic and jet. Lipid dispersions before aerosolization were prepared by sonication in an ice bath and by mechanical vortexing. Over a range of high humidity greater than 60-70%, ultrasonic nebulization gave CLL aerosols with mass median aerodynamic diameters (MMAD) of 1.4 +/- 0.1 micron, compatible with predicted alveolar deposition fractions of 0.2-0.3 according to current deposition models. For humidities of 30-95%, jet nebulization gave MMAD values of 0.4-0.5 micron, which have lower predicted alveolar deposition. The surface pressure-time (pi - t) adsorption characteristics at 35 +/- 2 degrees C of CLL dispersions prepared initially by vortexing or sonication were not significantly affected by ultrasonic nebulization over a 1-2 h time period. In addition, the dynamic surface tension lowering of both kinds of CLL dispersion was not affected by ultrasonic nebulization (minimum surface tension less than 1 dyne/cm at 37 degrees C and 100% humidity). Current interest in the treatment of the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) with exogenous surfactant replacement has focused largely on the delivery of surfactant replacement has focused largely on h delivery of surfactants to infants by tracheal instillation at birth. However, the ability to form multi-component surfactant aerosols with appreciable alveolar deposition fractions and high surface activity may help to expand the utility of replacement therapy to patients with aerated lungs. PMID- 6622111 TI - Cellular and humoral immunity in recurrent respiratory syncytial virus infections. PMID- 6622112 TI - Abnormal neutral lipase activity in acid-lipase-deficient cultured human fibroblasts. PMID- 6622113 TI - [Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and the incidence of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia among 7- and 8-year-old boys in Warsaw]. PMID- 6622114 TI - [Incidence of obesity in 7- and 8-year-old boys in Warsaw]. PMID- 6622115 TI - [Long-term observations on growth and sex maturation of children with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6622116 TI - [Study of the role of inhalation allergens in triggering the attacks of bronchial asthma based on allergologic diagnostic skin-prick tests]. PMID- 6622117 TI - [Changes in the C3 and C4 complement components in children with chronic and recurrent respiratory tract infections]. PMID- 6622118 TI - [Fecal fat in healthy infants and young children and in children with enteropathies]. PMID- 6622119 TI - [The EEG curve in celiac disease]. PMID- 6622120 TI - [Computer analysis of cardiac rhythm in children before and after pneumoencephalography]. PMID- 6622122 TI - [Value of fibroscopy in the diagnosis of abdominal pain in children]. PMID- 6622121 TI - [Basal skin resistance and galvanic skin response in children during sex maturation]. PMID- 6622123 TI - [Varicose veins of the spermatic cord in children]. PMID- 6622124 TI - [Analysis of acute poisoning in children hospitalized in the Children's Hospital of the Specialist Team for Maternal and Child Care in Walbrzych in 1979-1980]. PMID- 6622125 TI - [Various clinical and etiopathogenetic aspects of Aicardi syndrome in children]. PMID- 6622126 TI - [Causes of death among low birth-weight infants]. PMID- 6622127 TI - [Arteriosclerosis as a problem of the developmental age]. PMID- 6622128 TI - [Etiology of congenital hypo- and aplastic anemia in childhood]. PMID- 6622129 TI - [Serum immunoglobulin levels in newborn infants with the intrauterine dystrophy syndrome. I. Immunoglobulin levels in relation to the degree of fetal malnutrition]. PMID- 6622130 TI - [Serum immunoglobulin levels in newborn infants with the intrauterine dystrophy syndrome. II. Immunoglobulin levels in relation to the degree of maturity]. PMID- 6622131 TI - [Posterior subcapsular cataract in children with chronic glomerulonephritis treated with steroids]. PMID- 6622132 TI - [Serum bile acids in chronic liver diseases]. PMID- 6622133 TI - [Hepatic glycogenolysis in infantile dysthrepsia]. PMID- 6622134 TI - [Study of the immunity in children with measles based on our clinicaL material]. PMID- 6622135 TI - [Health status of children aged 7 to 10 years living in an environment with supraoptimal fluorine levels in the drinking water]. PMID- 6622136 TI - [Dysphagia in a newborn infant caused by an enterogenic esophageal cyst]. PMID- 6622137 TI - [Spontaneous pneumopericardium in a 9-year-old child]. AB - The authors report the first case of spontaneous pneumopericardium of unknown cause, in their hospital, affecting an adolescent who had not had any previous asthmatic process. The differential diagnosis, evolution and treatment are commented. PMID- 6622138 TI - [Inverted polypoid hamartoma of the rectum in children]. AB - Rectal tumors are rare in childhood. The description of both hamartomatous inverted polyps of the rectum and polymalformative syndrome in the same adolescent, gives the opportunity to remind the manifestations of this unusual tumor and to bring an additional argument to the Schannon Allen's malformative theory. PMID- 6622139 TI - [Coffin-Siris syndrome. Critical study of the literature apropos of a case]. AB - The authors report a case of the Coffin Siris syndrome which associates a ungueo digital syndrome (special by the bilateral aplasia or severe hypoplasia of nails and third phalanx of fifth toes and fingers) to other anomalies: facies with thinly fine hairs contrasting with bushy and dense eyebrows and body hypertrichosis, hypotonia and mental retardation. The connections of the Coffin Siris syndrome with the trisomy 9 p+ syndrome and the fetal hydantoin syndrome are discussed. PMID- 6622140 TI - [Acute polyvisceral lupus erythematosus in a young 12-year-old girl. The value of plasma exchange]. AB - The authors report on the case of a 12 year old girl, presenting with severe systemic lupus erythematosus. Skin, joints and kidney were involved. The treatment associated steroids, plasma exchanges and cyclophosphamide. Remission has been obtained and remains one year later. PMID- 6622141 TI - [Aggravation of salt loss due to hydrocortisone in the first days of treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency]. AB - The longitudinal study of five infants affected with congenital hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency illustrate the aggravation of the salt losing syndrome during the initial period of replacement therapy with hydrocortisone alone, associated or not with salt supplementation as demonstrated by weight loss or failure to thrive, hyponatremia and rise in plasma renin activity. Concomitantly, the plasma levels of both ACTH and aldosterone decreased monkedly. The sodium loss was rapidly normalized following the association of small doses (25 gamma/day) of 9 alpha fluorohydrocortisone to the same glucocorticoid replacement dosage. Initial treatment of infants affected with CAH should therefore include both mineral and glucocorticoid hormones. PMID- 6622142 TI - [Methemoglobinemia in acute diarrhea in infants]. AB - 8 cases of methemoglobinemia are observed in infants of 28 days to 138 days of age, who have all acute diarrhea. They are divided in two groups. --4 infants who have eaten for a long time a rich nitrate and nitrite content carrot soup. --4 cases of severe diarrhea with probable endogenous nitrification due to microbial proliferation. The methemoglobinemia level is here not very high and represents more a witness that an alarming symptom. Those infants are compared with 10 infants who have diarrhea without methemoglobinemia. Symptoms and treatment of methemoglobinemia are revisited. PMID- 6622143 TI - [Acute hemiplegia due to cerebral artery occlusion in children. Apropos of 9 cases]. AB - The cerebral arterial occlusion was observed from nine patients aged from 2,5 to 12 years old, between 37 children with acute acquired hemiplegia. The thrombosis had an embolic origin in three cases of cardiopathy. Six patients had primary arterial occlusion, but all these patients were febrile and the onset of hemiplegia was accompanied by seizures in five cases. The site of arterial was demonstrated by the angiography in eight cases: cervical internal carotide in one case of cardiomyopathy, intracranial portion of the internal carotide in four cases, middle and anterior cerebral artery in three cases. The regression of hemiplegia was observed in all but one case of atrial myxoma. The autopsy of this patient revealed renal and hemispheric cerebral arterial thrombosis with myxoma embolus. PMID- 6622144 TI - [Transient biological hypothyroidism in an infant carrier of celiac disease]. AB - This is the first report of a coeliac infant with biochemical findings of primary thyroid failure (decreased T4, decreased FT4, decreased T3, increased TSH). No clinical signs of this disorders and no thyromegaly were observed. Biochemical indices of thyroid function reverted to normal after two months on a gluten-free diet. Thyroid function impairment is suggested to be related with the active phase of coeliac disease. PMID- 6622145 TI - [Sweet's syndrome in an infant]. AB - A new case of Sweet syndrome in a six mouth old child is reported. Interesting facts with respect to the age, hematology findings, localization and residual lesions are found. The disease in the pediatric age have been reviewed. PMID- 6622147 TI - Influence of trait anxiety on perception of humor. AB - Previous research and theory suggest that a person's anxiety level plays a functional role in determining his responsiveness to and appreciation of humor. Based upon the theoretical view that humor serves to dissipate anxiety, it was proposed that highly anxious individuals would respond more favourably to a therapist's use of humor than low trait-anxiety individuals. To test the hypothesis 87 undergraduate students in psychology were classified according to their measured level of trait anxiety (high or low, on the Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory). Subjects evaluated a therapist who used humor in a written therapist-client dialogue. Results were contrary to prediction; an inverse relation between anxiety and appreciation of humor obtained. PMID- 6622148 TI - Menstrual cycle influences on perceptual disembedding ability. AB - Volunteer female psychology undergraduates (n = 44) and nursing students (n = 49) were asked to state the stage of their menstrual cycle immediately after completion of the Group Embedded Figures Test of perceptual disembedding. Psychology students tested during the equivalent of days 11-17 of an average 28 day cycle made more errors than those tested near the beginning or end. This relation did not hold for student nurses, whether on oral contraceptives or not. Results appear unexplained by estrogen-induced impairments of inhibition-based perceptual disembedding ability. Beliefs about menstrual-cycle effects may have increased motivation from a perceived disadvantage during menstrual and premenstrual phases and led to better performance of psychology students in these phases. PMID- 6622146 TI - Test of reliability of perception of parental and childhood illness behavior. AB - This report details the reliability of perceived parental and childhood illness behavior. Three versions of the Illness Behavior Inventory were created to assess perceived illness behavior of one's mother, father, and oneself as a child. The measures were administered twice to 32 students of linguistics at a major university with a 2-wk. interval between administrations. Each measure across administrations correlated highly and significantly (.98 to .99). It was concluded that perceptions of parental and childhood illness behavior are reliable over time but their sensitivity to actual historical events remains an empirical question. PMID- 6622149 TI - Structure of Witkin's Embedded Figures Test. AB - A number of reports have indicated that Witkin's Embedded Figures Test correlates with performance on standard intelligence tests. This finding was replicated in a recent factor analytic study when the test loaded substantially on a factor best representing the performance subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). However, the embedded figures also loaded on an uncorrelated factor, in addition to those normally associated with WAIS, which would relate well to Witkin's conception of psychological differentiation. These loadings on two uncorrelated factors suggested that the factorial structure of the Embedded Figures Test should be examined. An item analysis indicated a bi-factorial structure and, as presently constituted, the scale will provide misleading and ambiguous information. PMID- 6622150 TI - Chronic patients' response to a community-based training program in independent living. PMID- 6622151 TI - Backward contralateral masking by light and by random pattern. AB - Letter-stimuli as targets were presented to the right or left visual fields and followed either by a flash of light or by a flash of light plus a patterned mask. The patterned mask always appeared in the opposite visual field of the letter targets. Analysis showed that masking occurred for both types of masks but that subjects produced more errors at each of five intervals between onset of the target and onset of the mask for the flash of light plus a patterned mask in the opposite visual field than for the flash of light alone. A pattern mask, when presented to the opposite visual field of a target stimulus, interferes with target processing at short target-mask intervals. These findings suggest that central backward masking may involve target-mask interactions beyond the visual cortex (Area 17). PMID- 6622152 TI - Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory: Measuring anxiety with and without an audience during performance on a stabilometer. AB - Half of the 56 subjects (n = 28) performed 15 pre-treatment trials on a stabilometer, then six more with an audience of three faculty (Group 1), the other half performed the same task with no audience (Group 2). Subjects completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory prior to and after the treatments. Orthogonal contrasts indicated that Group 1 (audience) post State-anxiety was significantly different from its own pre-State-anxiety and significantly different from Group 2 (no audience) on post-State-anxiety. It was concluded that the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory is an appropriate measure of trait and state anxiety in studies of motor performance. PMID- 6622153 TI - Differences in eye-hand motor coordination of video-game users and non-users. AB - The recent proliferation of electronic video games has caused an outcry from those who question the merits of the games, while others maintain the games improve eye-hand coordination. At present, no empirical data are available to indicate whether there are differences in eye-hand coordination between video game users and non-users. Comparing 31 video game users and 31 non-users showed users have significantly better eye-hand motor coordination on a pursuit rotor. However, no relationship was found between an individual's eye-hand motor coordination and the amount of time spent weekly playing video games or the length of experience with video games. PMID- 6622154 TI - Evidence bearing on the generalizability of laboratory findings relating to high altitude mountaineering. AB - An evaluation of the psychological effects of high-altitude mountaineering was conducted on three subjects before, during, and after their ascent of a 25,600 ft. mountain. The assessment incorporated a battery of cognitive tests within a single-subject design, and the results indicated the absence of an effect. This is contrary to laboratory findings on the stressors involved in mountaineering, such as hypoxia. These have generally been reported as significantly influencing cognitive functioning. PMID- 6622155 TI - Spatial memory span in adolescents: cultural and sex differences. AB - Spatial memory span was assessed in 195 young adolescents, 98 boys and 97 girls, from urban and rural areas in Sicily, using Corsi's Block Tapping etst. No significant differences for either sex or sociocultural background were observed. PMID- 6622157 TI - Muscular tone at rest: relationship with cutaneous pleasurable experience, an interpretation according to the dimensional approach to cerebral dominance. AB - This study examined some aspects of the relationship between muscular tone at rest and a particular kind of pleasurable tactile stimulation (tickle) in the light of the dimensional approach to cerebral dominance. Electromyographic scores, latencies, and tickle durations for six muscles and corresponding skin areas were taken both on the right and left sides of the body from 40 female students in psychology. There was an inverse relationship between muscular tone at rest and sensitivity to tickle stimulation, which is lower (long latency and brief duration of perception) when the levels of muscular tone increase. So we hypothesize that the muscular system (especially because the correlations of tone and latency are positive) plays a role through the afferents of inhibition of tactile pleasurable experience. This role is more evident for the left side of the body. The dimensional approach to cerebral dominance on the basis of myographic score identified three groups of subjects (right, left, and non dominant). The subjects classified as right-dominant on the basis of myographic score show a longer duration of tickle on the right half of the body than on the left and longer latency on the left. The left-dominant subjects do not show any difference between the two halves of the body in duration of tickle but show longer latency on the left side. The non-dominant subjects show also no difference between the two sides of the body for both tickle duration and latency. PMID- 6622156 TI - Hemispheric routing of tactilely delivered words for dyslexic males. AB - This investigation sought to determine the effect of delivering unknown spelling words via a tactile modality to the left and right cerebral hemispheres of 10 dyslexic boys of about 14 yr. of age whose vision was occluded during word palpation. More words were learned through either condition of right- and left hand delivery than control words. Spelling meaningful words when vision is occluded can be accomplished by either hand delivery for older dyslexic boys. PMID- 6622158 TI - Use of the Group Embedded Figures Test with children. AB - Extensive previous research suggests that the cognitive style of field independence/field-dependence has important implications for teaching and guidance. However, studies of the validity of group-administered measures which can be used with younger children are limited. The present study assessed the feasibility of using a widely recognized style measure, the Group Embedded Figures Test, with 45 fourth-, 42 fifth-, and 42 sixth-graders. The results were generally favorable with respect to the test's applicability to these age groups. PMID- 6622159 TI - Matching therapists' predicates: an in vivo test of effectiveness. AB - The theory of neurolinguistic programming predicts that a therapist's matching of a client's primary representational system, as expressed in the client's predicates, should result in increased therapist's rapport and social influence. This hypothesis was tested in an actual interview situation. Six relatively inexperienced therapists, two each in predicate matching, predicate mismatching, and predicate no-matching conditions, conducted a 30-min. interview with nine undergraduate student volunteers each, for a total of 54 subjects. After the appropriate interview condition was completed, subjects rated ther therapists on the Counselor Rating Form and the Counseling Evaluation Inventory. No significant differences among the three conditions on any of the measures were found. Results are compared with those of previous research on assessment and primary representational matching in analogue situations. PMID- 6622160 TI - Is there a bias in size measurements taken from mirror-reversed photographs of body parts? AB - This study compared measurements of hands, feet, and hemifaces taken from original and mirror-reversed photographs to determine whether a hemispace-bias exists in size measurements. Posers were adult right- and left-handers (50% female). In 80% of the measurement comparisons (total N = 84), there was complete agreement; there were no instances of right-left reversals among the discrepant comparisons. The side of the body measured as larger was independent of the side of space in which it appeared. The lack of such bias in physical measurements is discrepant with data suggesting a left-hemispace preference in psychological judgments of visual material. PMID- 6622161 TI - Perception of spatial and social density. AB - The effects of family size on the perception of three abstract rooms that differed in social and spatial density were studied. The rooms were rated on the dimensions, evaluation, spirituality, activity, and aesthetic appeal. Of the 48 subjects half were from large families with six or more members, and half were from smaller families. Family size had no effect on the perception of the rooms. The room low in spatial density was perceived most favorably, and there was no difference in the perception of a room high in social density and one high in spatial density. PMID- 6622162 TI - Lateralized sensorimotor asymmetries in normal, learning-disabled and brain damaged young adults. AB - Left-right asymmetries in sensorimotor abilities (based on the Tactile Finger Localization, Fingertip Number Writing, Finger Tapping, Grip Strength, and Tactual Performance Tests of the Halstead-Reitan Battery) were compared among groups of 30 normal, 60 learning-disabled, and 20 brain-damaged adults aged 17 to 29 yr. The normal and learning-disabled groups (which did not differ) had significantly fewer asymmetries than the brain-damaged group. However, 36% of the learning-disabled group who had a Halstead Impairment Index greater than or equal to 0.4, also had significantly more sensorimotor asymmetries than the normals. These results support the idea of an association between neurobehavioral deficits and learning disabilities for this age group. PMID- 6622163 TI - Numbers of word associations to color patches and color names differ across two opponent pairs. AB - 68 female undergraduate students completed word-association and semantic differential tasks in response to stimuli which were patches or names of eight colors. The number of word associations for the group viewing color patches differed from that of the group responding to color names on the basis of four colors forming two of the three opponent pairs of the opponent-process theory of color vision. PMID- 6622164 TI - Use of self-generated and supplied visuals as mnemonics in gifted children's learning. AB - In accordance with ancient belief and recent research, we hypothesized that self generated imagery techniques of gifted children would be superior to supplied (experimenter-provided) visuals in facilitating recall and recognition on a memory task. 27 high-potential students in Grades 4 to 6 were divided into three treatment groups to investigate the effects of rote repetition, self-generated visualization, and supplied visuals on the memorization of concrete noun-word pairs. Perhaps because even gifted children do not know how to construct good visual images without training and practice, our hypothesis was not supported. The supplied visual condition produced significantly better results than did either of the other treatment conditions, implying that the utilization of appropriate techniques helps gifted children learn certain memory tasks. However, one wonders if effective instruction in the development of self-generated mnemonic techniques might not be of greater benefit to young learners of such tasks. PMID- 6622165 TI - Sensory and non-sensory factors and the concept of externality in obese subjects. AB - 9 obese and 9 normal subjects performed a psychophysical task in which food- or non-food-related stimuli were briefly flashed tachistoscopically at a speed and intensity near the visual threshold. A signal was presented on one-half the trials and noise only on the other one-half of the trials. Using signal detection theory methodology, separate measures of sensory sensitivity (d') and response bias (beta) were calculated. No differences were noted between obese and normal subjects on measures of sensory sensitivity but significant differences on response bias. Obese subjects had consistently lower response criteria than normal ones. Analysis for subjects categorized by whether they were restrained or unrestrained eaters gave findings identical to those for obese and normal. The importance of using a methodology that separates sensory and non-sensory factors in research on obesity is discussed. PMID- 6622166 TI - Perception of voluntary control of cardiac function in distance runners and non runners. AB - 6 non-runners and 6 distance runners were compared for ability to increase heart rates voluntarily using biofeedback. There was no difference between the groups on that ability, but runners were significantly more accurate in ability to estimate the magnitude of the cardiac changes which occurred. PMID- 6622167 TI - Induced movement-in-depth: relative location of static stimulus and direction asymmetry. AB - A rotating spiral stimulus induced prolonged movement-in-depth in a static circle concentric with its origin. Both were coated in luminous paint and viewed monocularly in the dark. Analysis showed that (a) longer induced movement was observed in the circle when it was central than when it was peripheral to the inducing stimulus, and (b) induced movement was perceived longer when towards the subject than when away from the subject. PMID- 6622168 TI - Searching short-term memory for linear-positioning movements. AB - To determine whether memory search for movements was serial or parallel, the search processes involved in a short-term motor-memory paradigm were investigated. A linear-positioning task was used to present a series of 1, 2, or 3 movements in a memory set. Upon completion of a memory set, subjects were presented with a search movement. The search movement was either the same length as one of the memory-set movements ("yes" response) or a different length ("no" response). Four subjects completed three consecutive days of testing. On Day 1 RT and movement length were practiced. On Day 2 the subjects were required to search a memory set of movements and respond in the yes condition by lifting the index finger of the left hand. This movement terminated a RT search clock. The same procedures were followed on Day 3, except that a no response was indicated by lifting the index finger. A 2 X 3 X 3 (response X memory set X RT trials) within subjects analysis yielded nonsignificant main effects and interactions. The results were discussed in relation to verbal memory. PMID- 6622169 TI - Effects of varying force production in practice schedules of children learning a discrete motor task. AB - The variability of practice prediction from Schmidt's Schema Theory involving transfer and retention was tested when manipulating only the performance parameter of over-all force. Children (n = 120) of two age groups performed a 15 in (39.1 cm) arm movement on a linear slide modified to allow manipulating the force required to move the car on the slide. No significant differences between the variable group and the constant practice group were found for either the 10 transfer or 5 retention trials. Mean absolute errors were ordered in favor of the constant practice group for both transfer and retention. For the first transfer trial a significant difference was found; constant practice groups performed better. This finding is contrary to predictions of schema theory as well as evidence from children as subjects. PMID- 6622170 TI - Auditory and visual differences in time perception. AB - The present experiment assessed intersensory differences in temporal judgments, that is, auditory stimuli are perceived as longer than physically equivalent visual stimuli. The results confirmed the intersensory difference. Auditorially defined intervals were experienced as longer than visually defined intervals. Auditory boundaries were perceived as longer than visual ones. An interaction of boundary modality and interval modality was obtained which suggested that auditorially defined intervals provided more temporal information about events occurring in close temporal proximity than visually defined intervals. It was hypothesized that cognitive factors, specifically stimulus complexity, would affect the auditory and visual systems differentially. This hypothesis was not substantiated, although highly complex stimuli were experienced as longer than those of low complexity. PMID- 6622171 TI - Individual differences in distance estimation: comparison of judgments in the field with those from projected slides of the same scenes. AB - This study was designed to determine the comparative accuracy with which trained and untrained observers could judge distances to a target and to assess the correspondence of those judgments with other judgments, by the same observers, from photographic slides of the same target and scene at identical viewing distances. 9 experienced and 15 untrained observers estimated distances ranging from 600 to 1550 m in 50-m increments. Photographic slides were made of the target at each distance and, 1 mo. later, observers made the same judgments from the slides. It was found that averages of the group's judgments in the field very closely approximated true target distances. However, judgments of the individual observers were so erratic and inaccurate as to render questionable the interpretation of those averages. In addition, while the averages of the group indicated that judgments from two-dimensional slides could be substituted fro three-dimensional real-world judgments, detailed analysis of the individual observers' performances dramatically contradicted this conclusion. PMID- 6622172 TI - Feedback and time perception. PMID- 6622173 TI - Learning and generalization of piagetian tasks by mentally retarded students. AB - 70 mentally retarded students, successfully taught to conserve number and substance in the Piagetian sense, resisted attempts at extinction but were unable to generalize to other conservation tasks. PMID- 6622174 TI - Lingual vibrotactile sensation magnitudes: comparison of suprathreshold responses for three different age ranges. AB - Vibrotactile magnitude scaling was performed on three different age groups of six normal subjects each. The psychophysical method of magnitude production was used for the scaling of vibratory stimuli applied to the anterior dorsal surface of the tongue. The older subjects produced shallower upper-slope functions than the younger subjects and also showed greater response variability. Behavioral, anatomical, and physiological factors are discussed. PMID- 6622175 TI - Role of field dependence in perception of movements. AB - 194 male students in physical education were administered the Group Embedded Figures Test. Those who scored high or low were selected for a perceptual experiment (n = 49). Expecting that the analyzing and (re)structuring ability of the field-independent person also applies to complex movement stimuli, subjects had to describe eight complex gross-motor gymnastic skills, demonstrated on a video system. field-independent persons tended to give more detailed descriptions of observed movements; in 5 of 8 cases the difference was statistically significant. Perhaps the field-independent person builds a more structured visual image of movements than the field-dependent person. If so, the former is probably in a better position to learn new motor skills. PMID- 6622176 TI - Figure reversals and handedness: a research note. PMID- 6622177 TI - Rhythmicity and motor skill. AB - Noting lack of synchrony in the movement of retarded and learning disabled children led to the development of four tests requiring subjects to tap their hands in concert with a metronome. In this study the scores that 175 of these children made on the rhythmic tests were factor analyzed to obtain factor scoring coefficients; the latter were then used alone and with age in the regression analyses to predict performance on two fine and eight gross motor tasks. The proportions of total variance accounted for by the independent variables ranged from (a) .09 to .31 when the rhythmic factor-scoring coefficients were used alone and (b) .15 to .36 when age was included with the rhythmic factor-scoring coefficients. PMID- 6622178 TI - Age differences in the content and style of cognitive maps of Barbadian schoolchildren. PMID- 6622179 TI - Aftereffect of induced rotation: number of radial lines in inducing stimulus. AB - Duration of aftereffect of induced rotation was shown to increase with the number of uniformly-spaced radial lines in an inducing stimulus. Possible explanations could be based on (a) the amount of shearing between radial lines in the inducing and static stimuli during adaptation, or (b) the angular displacement required for the inducing stimulus to assume again its initial form. Results for 5 women and 3 men from an inducing stimulus with non-uniformly spaced radial lines suggested that (a) was more important. PMID- 6622180 TI - Subjective acceleration of time: death anxiety and sex differences. AB - 24 male and 50 female undergraduates reported that time seemed to pass more rapidly at the present than when they were one-half and one-quarter their present ages. Sex differences in the rate in which time seemed to pass were observed. Also, the results partially support Lemlich's (1975) hypothesis. Time perception did not correlate significantly with death anxiety. PMID- 6622181 TI - Comparison of selected gait parameters of trainable mentally retarded and nonretarded males. AB - Although there were no significant differences in the single support phase of gait for 6 trainable mentally retarded boys (Mean age 9.6 yr.) and 6 nonretarded boys (Mean age 9.5 yr.), total gait time and time in double support were significantly different for the two groups, supporting previous research which showed gait was was deficient in trainable mentally retarded individuals. PMID- 6622182 TI - Intrinsic vs extrinsic motivation in learning disabled children. AB - 44 children identified as learning disabled were administered Harter's Scale of Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Orientation in the Classroom. Scores were correlated with several indices of school behavior, standardized achievement test scores, report-card letter grades, and teachers' behavioral ratings. No consistent pattern of relationship was evidenced between the scale and academic achievement as assessed by standardized tests and report-card letter grades. However, a weak but statistically significant pattern of relationship (rs .24 to .33) was noted between two subscales of the Harter scale and teachers' behavioral ratings. Internality on these subscales tended to be associated with higher teachers' ratings. PMID- 6622183 TI - Influence of line context on power function parameters. AB - Stimuli in experiments in which line-lengths are judged are typically single lines. In studies in which area and volume are judged, the stimuli are typically more complex. An experiment with 22 college undergraduates investigated whether differences in context (single lines versus lines in depicted boxes) influenced the exponent or scaling factor of the power function of length judgments. The scaling factor of the power function was significantly affected by context, but the exponent of the power function was not. PMID- 6622184 TI - Visual exploratory activity of hemiplegic patients viewing the motor-free visual perception test. AB - Eye movements of adult hemiplegics (11 right- and 9 left-brain-damaged patients) and 11 nonimpaired controls were recorded as they viewed selected cards of the Motor-free Visual Perception Test. The major finding was that neither group of patients exhibited an asymmetry of visual exploration (unilateral visual neglect) as they viewed the cards. Their scanning strategies were, however, unsystematic and irregular. In addition, both groups of patients scanned the cards longer and made more errors than controls. Use of the Motor-free Visual Perception Test as an appropriate measure for the general assessment of visual-perceptual processing abilities of adult brain-damaged patients who lack severe clinical manifestations of neglect is discussed. PMID- 6622185 TI - Vibrotactile communication of information about consonants: vowels mask consonants. PMID- 6622186 TI - Intraindividual consistencies in cross-modal matching across several continua. PMID- 6622187 TI - Evidence against "absolute" scaling. PMID- 6622188 TI - Perceptual objects and the cost of filtering. PMID- 6622189 TI - Perceptual selection based on alphanumeric class: evidence from partial reports. PMID- 6622190 TI - Duration judgment and the experience of change. PMID- 6622191 TI - Sighting from the cyclopean eye: the cyclops effect in preschool children. PMID- 6622192 TI - Interaction between horizontal and vertical fusional responses. PMID- 6622193 TI - The effect of a contralateral drone on the perceptual onset asynchrony of interaural tone sequences. PMID- 6622194 TI - The mental representation of movement when static stimuli are viewed. PMID- 6622195 TI - A magnitude estimation study of the inverted-T illusion. PMID- 6622196 TI - Long-term temporal estimation in humans. PMID- 6622197 TI - Absolute and other scales: question of validity. PMID- 6622199 TI - On laterality of visual aftereffects: a rejoinder. PMID- 6622200 TI - Conceptual problems in theoretical gerontology. PMID- 6622198 TI - Laterality and visual persistence: still a two-sided issue. PMID- 6622201 TI - The challenge of medical writing in America. PMID- 6622202 TI - What causes fatty liver after pancreatectomy--an unresolved and forgotten controversy. The 1936-1954 years of controversy. PMID- 6622203 TI - The sex difference in ischemic heart disease. PMID- 6622204 TI - The composition of the essential oil in the leaves of Coleus aromaticus Bentham and their importance as a component of the species antiaphthosae Ph. Ned. Ed. V. AB - The leaves of Coleus aromaticus Bentham were used in the East Indian archipelago, mainly in cases of aphthous stomatitis. For this purpose the Dutch Pharmacopoeia Ed. v introduced the Species antiaphthosae with Coleus leaves as an active component, because of their antiseptic qualities. Older research ascribed this activity to carvacrol and perhaps thymol. However, in more recent research in India eugenol and methyleugenol were also found to occur in this oil. Our investigations on original leaves from Java by GC-MS showed the absence of eugenol and methyleugenol, which leads us to the conclusion that on Java another chemotype occurs. PMID- 6622206 TI - [Chromatographic determination of ointment bases and emulsifying agents in European and German pharmacopoeias]. AB - The ointment bases Lanolinum, Lanae alcoholum unguentum, Zinci unguentum, Polyethylenglycoli unguentum, Unguentum leniens and Unguentum emulsificans, and the emulsifying agents Glyceroli monostearas, Polyethylenglycoli 400 stearas and Polysorbatum 20, 60, 80 were identified by HPTLC and their most important components were determined quantitatively by application of HPLC. The proposed methods of identification are more specific than those described in the monographs of the pharmacopoeias. The obtained results were compared with the nominal values listed in both pharmacopoeias as assays of these bases and emulsifiers are not mentioned, except for glyceroli monostearas. PMID- 6622205 TI - Inhibition of rat brain monoamine oxidase type A by 2-aminotetralin and tetrahydroisoquinoline analogues of dopamine. AB - The in vitro inhibition of rat brain monoamine oxidase type A (MAO-A) by various dopamine analogues is reported and compared to some established inhibitors of the enzyme. The estimated IC50's were found to be in the range 10(-5)-10(-3) mol/l. This makes these compounds more than 10 000 times less potent than the selective MAO-A inhibitor harmaline and more than 10 times less potent than the selective MAO-B inhibitors pargyline and deprenyl. When the brain concentrations that are reached after peripheral administration of these drugs are taken into account it is unlikely that inhibition of MAO is relevant to their effects as has been suggested. Also the endogenous brain concentrations of some tetrahydroisoquinolines are probably too low to produce an inhibition of the enzyme. PMID- 6622207 TI - [Assay of organic bases in pharmaceutical preparations using cobalt thiocyanate]. AB - A rapid and simple colorimetric method is presented for the estimation of organic bases in pharmaceutical preparations. Solid cobalt thiocyanate reagent is used. Many bases form blue coloured ion pairs soluble in dichloromethane. PMID- 6622208 TI - Screening for impurities in butoprozine. AB - The purity analysis of butoprozine is described. Both gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV-vis detection (conventional and multichannel) were used. In the butoprozine example disadvantages for both techniques became apparent: incorrect conclusions with regard to the purity of the drug would have been drawn if only one of these chromatographic techniques had been used. GC-MS allowed the identification of an impurity not found by HPLC. PMID- 6622209 TI - The release of endogenous dopamine and its metabolites from rat striatum as detected in push-pull perfusates: effects of systematically administered drugs. AB - The release of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) was determined in push-pull perfusates from the striatum of the anaesthetized rat with high pressure liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection. Striking differences were found between the released amounts of DA (less than 7 fmol/min) and those of the metabolites (approx 0.5 pmol/min). It was calculated that 5% of the DA metabolites left the striatum via the push-pull cannula. The effects of systemic application of apomorphine, (+)-amphetamine, haloperidol or haloperidol in combination with amfonelic acid on the release of DA and its metabolites, were investigated. The release rate of DOPAC correlated well with the drug-induced changes of these metabolites in striatal tissue, however, this was not the case for HVA. The increase of striatal levels of DOPAC and HVA induced by the anaesthesia is a serious limitation of the method. To enable reliable estimation of the release of DA, 1 microM (+)-amphetamine had to be added to the perfusion medium (which may have modified the origin of DOPAC and HVA in the perfusates). (+)-Amphetamine (5 mg/kg, intravenous) induced a two- to threefold increase in the release of DA. Systemic administration of apomorphine, haloperidol or haloperidol in combination with amfonelic acid did not change the output of the neurotransmitter in the push pull cannula. This implies that neuroleptics cause only a small and transient rise in DA release, whereas the pronounced and persisting increase in DOPAC and HVA seen after neuroleptics is the result of enhanced metabolism related to increased synthesis of DA. PMID- 6622210 TI - Enzymatic O-methylation of the dopamine agonist dipropyl-5,6 dihydroxyaminotetralin: isolation and structure elucidation of the O-methylated metabolite. AB - The (+)-enantiomer of the potent dopamine agonist dipropyl-5,6 dihydroxyaminotetralin (DP-5,6-diOH-ATN) is metabolized in vitro by catechol-O methyltransferase (COMT) to one O-methyl derivative. This compound was isolated from the incubation mixture by reversed-phase HPLC, after the incubation mixture had been purified over Sephadex G 10 columns and the excess parent catecholamine had been removed with alumina. One of the possible O-methyl metabolites, dipropyl 5-hydroxy-6-methoxyaminotetralin, was synthesized from dipropyl-5,6 dimethoxyaminotetralin by a regioselective mono-demethylation with iodotrimethylsilane. Comparison of chromatographic and spectral data of the products from incubation and synthesis showed that different isomers are formed; i,e. DP-5,6-diOH-ATN is exclusively meta-O-methylated by COMT in vitro to dipropyl-5-methoxy-6-hydroxyaminotetralin. PMID- 6622211 TI - Improvement by super disintegrants of the properties of tablets containing lactose, prepared by wet granulation. AB - The crushing strength, disintegration and dissolution properties of tablets, made by wet granulation with lactose as filter, gelatin as binder, potato starch as disintegrant and magnesium stearate as lubricant can be markedly improved when the potato starch (20%) is replaced by a much lower concentration (4%) of an insoluble super disintegrant, such as sodium starch glycolate (Primojel) or crospovidone (Polyplasdone XL). The incorporation of partially water soluble super disintegrants such as low-substituted sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Nymcel, ZSD 16), causing a viscous barrier in the tablets when containing water, is shown to be deleterious for both tablet disintegration and drug release. In contrast to potato starch, the position of the super disintegrants (intragranular, extragranular or equally distributed) had hardly any effect on the tablet properties. The improved properties of the tablets containing insoluble super disintegrants, when compared to tablets with potato starch, are the result of the use of a much lower concentration of disintegrant, but especially of the difference in effect of magnesium stearate on the disintegration capacity of the slightly swelling potato starch and the strongly swelling super disintegrants, respectively. The latter cause, even in the presence of the liquid penetration inhibiting hydrophobic magnesium stearate, a chain reaction of opening of the tablet, starting at the outside and resulting in a fast disintegration. PMID- 6622212 TI - Capillary gas chromatography on fused silica columns with splitless injection: the determination of phenobarbital in blood plasma. AB - A method is described for the quantitative determination of phenobarbital in blood plasma by means of fused silica capillary columns and splitless sample introduction. Several factors that influence the splitless sample introduction are evaluated. Using a simple column isolation procedure without derivatization prior to GC analysis, recoveries over 80% were found with a precision corresponding with a standard deviation of about 5%. Concentrations ranged from 5 25 mg/l. With a flame ionization detector a detection limit of 0.5 mg/l was observed so that the procedure can also be useful for barbiturates with lower therapeutic plasma levels. PMID- 6622213 TI - 3,4-disubstituted phenyliminoimidazolidines as potential prodrugs of the purported dopamine agonist 3,4-dihydroxyphenylimino-2-imidazolidine (DPI). AB - A series of ether derivatives of the purported dopamine agonist 3,4 dihydroxyphenylimino-2-imidazolidine (DPI) has been prepared as potential prodrugs of the parent compound due to its relatively poor penetration into the brain. Their effects on both dopamine and noradrenaline utilization in the rat brain have been investigated using the tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor alpha methyl-p-tyrosine. Apart from the parent compound, DPI, the diphenylmethane ether analogue showed some dopaminergic activity. PMID- 6622214 TI - Org 4333, a potent, irreversibly binding estrogen agonist. AB - Two synthetic routes to 11 beta-chloromethylestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-3,17 beta-diol (Org 4333) are described. In biological tests this compound was found to be a potent irreversibly binding estrogen agonist. PMID- 6622215 TI - Hydrolysis and determination of meprobamate. AB - Most pharmacopoeial methods for meprobamate are based on acid hydrolysis, followed by determination of the ammonia formed. In order to find optimum conditions the hydrolysis was studied with the aid of TLC. Various types and concentrations of acid were tested. Refluxing with 25% (wt/vol) HCl for two hours proved to be sufficient to achieve complete hydrolysis (99.4 +/- 1%). This method is less time-consuming than that of the European Pharmacopoeia and the hydrolysate does not turn brown as is the case with high concentrations of H2SO4. PMID- 6622216 TI - Excitation- and rest-dependent shifts of Ca in guinea-pig ventricular myocardium. AB - The rest- and excitation-dependent shifts of Ca and 45Ca in the isolated, perfused ventricles of guinea-pig hearts were investigated. As much as 50% of the total Ca content (2.2 mmol/kg ww) found in the ventricular muscle stimulated at a steady rate of 60/min, was released into perfusate during 4 min of rest. In the preparations perfused with 45Ca containing solution during the 4 min of rest or during the last 20 s of rest only, a single beat resulted in extra uptake of 0.359 and 0.287 mmol of labelled calcium (45Ca) per kg ww, respectively. Single post-rest excitation evoked in the ventricles which were previously perfused with radioactive solution for 64 min, resulted in increase in tissue 45Ca content by 0.229 mmol/kg ww. In these preparations, the gain in 45Ca is equivalent to the net Ca uptake. Continued post-rest stimulation at the rate of 60/min resulted in recovery of pre-rest content of 45Ca and of total Ca. Gain of 45Ca was paralleled by recovery of contractile force. Uptake of 45Ca in the preparations stimulated at the steady rate of 60/min was 0.137 mmol/kg ww and its value did not depend on the number of beats during exposure to the isotope. Thus 45Ca uptake over a number of steady-state beats may be regarded as equal to the uptake in a single beat. This uptake is by orders of magnitude larger than reported previously by other authors. It is proposed that contraction is triggered by Ca influx into the excited cells (Ca1), and that the response of contractile proteins to this trigger is controlled by a large intracellular Ca2 fraction whose volume is rate dependent. PMID- 6622217 TI - Role and localization of a region in the pons which has a descending inhibitory influence on sympathetically mediated inhibition of the recto-rectal reflex of guinea pigs. AB - The present study revealed the site of origin and the possible function of a supraspinal descending-inhibitory influence over the lumbar sympathetic component of the recto-rectal reflex of guinea pigs. The recto-rectal reflex contraction was not changed by suprapontine transection. It completely disappeared after subpontine transection, but returned immediately after additional section of the colonic nerves, which contain the sympathetic inhibitory outflow to the rectum, i.e., subpontine transection with the lumbar colonic nerves transected did not suppress the recto-rectal reflex. These results indicate that a descending pathway which can inhibit the lumbar sympathetic component of the reflex may originate in the pons. On stimulation at sites within the pons of animals which had been spinalized at L4 we were able to evoke an increase of rectal motility and an inhibition of the lumbar colonic efferent discharges, thus producing a response which is comparable to the reflex response produced by afferent stimulation of the rectum. The sites from which this effect could be evoked were mainly located in a band running rostrocaudally through the lateral reticular formation of the rostral part of the pons, medial to the sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. PMID- 6622218 TI - Two telestimulation systems for chronic indirect muscle stimulation in caged rabbits and mice. AB - Telestimulation systems are described for chronic indirect muscle stimulation in caged rabbits and mice. Both systems use a 5 MHz carrier frequency transmission and consist of a transmitter and a receiver. The latter is fixed to the back of the animal. The system for rabbits uses pulse width modulation for transmitting stimulation frequency and amplitude. Duration of the stimulation impulse is generated in the receiver. Clock batteries in the receiver generate impulse energy. The impulse amplitude varies by only 1%. In the system used for mice, impulse energy is transmitted together with the stimulation frequency. This is achieved by a receiver containing two separate coils which are opposed to each other in an angle of 80 degrees C. In contrast to the rabbit system, the duration of the stimulation impulse is generated by the impulse width of the 5 MHz carrier. The amplitude of the stimulation impulse depends on the amplitude of the carrier. Due to the geometry of induction coil and receiver, impulse intensity varies at maximum by only 10%. PMID- 6622220 TI - Evaluation of methods for electrical stimulation of human skeletal muscle in situ. AB - A comparison was made between three different techniques for electrical stimulation of human skeletal muscle: percutaneous stimulation via large aluminum foil electrodes or via ordinary ECG-electrodes and intramuscular stimulation via platinum-coated wires.--The relationship between voltage and duration of the stimulating pulses and the evoked force of contraction is described.--A series of experiments on surgical patients who were curarized showed that these electrical stimulation techniques selectively activate nerve-endings within the muscle, and not the muscle fibres directly.--In a group of male volunteers there were linear relationships between body weight and maximum voluntary contraction force (MVC) of the knee extensors and between body weight and the stimulating voltage needed to produce 50% of MVC. PMID- 6622219 TI - The effects of intravenous norepinephrine on the local coupling between glucose utilization and blood flow in the rat brain. AB - Norepinephrine was infused intravenously in two groups of normal, awake rats. In one group local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) was measured by the deoxyglucose method (Sokoloff et al. 1977b); in the other group local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) was determined by the iodoantipyrine method (Sakurada et al. 1978). The experiments were performed during a stable state in which the heart rate was reduced between 36% (LCGU experiments) and 27% (LCBF experiments). Norepinephrine infusion reduced LCGU in all 39 structures measured between - 18 and - 37% from control values obtained in a group of normal non-infused rats. The decrease in LCGU was significant (P less than 0.05) in 38 of the 39 structures tested. LCBF was increased but not statistically significantly in most of the structures examined. When the LCGU values of the various structures during norepinephrine infusion were correlated with their corresponding LCBF values, a tight correlation (r = 0.94) was found indicating a close coupling between LCGU and LCBF during norepinephrine infusion. When compared to the relationship between LCGU and LCBF in a normal, non-infused control group, the slope of the regression line was increased significantly (P less than 0.01) by the norepinephrine infusion, indicating a resetting of the coupling mechanism. This means that, at a given metabolic rate, a higher blood flow is needed to perfuse a brain structure during norepinephrine infusion than during control conditions. PMID- 6622221 TI - Interaction between hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic body temperatures in the control of panting in rabbits. AB - In conscious rabbits with chronically implanted hypothalamic thermodes sustained panting was induced by exposure to 39 degrees C ambient temperature. Core temperature (Tc) measured in the esophagus was maintained at hyperthermic levels of about 41.1, 40.2 and 39.2 degrees C by controlled heat extraction with a cooling thermode inserted into the colon. Hypothalamic temperature (Thy) was varied from its control value of 39.1 degrees C for periods of 2-3 min by altering the temperature of the water perfusing the thermode in a stepwise fashion from 39 degrees C to mostly lower and sometimes higher values. In several experiments a period of moderate hypothalamic cooling was immediately followed by a period of strong cooling. Breathing frequency (BF) was continuously recorded as an index for thermal panting. Panting rate was positively correlated with Tc, maximum panting being attained at 41.1 degrees C Tc and normal Thy. Lowering Thy reduced and elevating Thy stimulated panting at constant Tc. At each level of Tc the inhibitory effect of lowering Thy on BF was found to be diminished at strong degrees of hypothalamic cooling resulting in non-rectilinear relationships between BF and Thy. In the experiments with two-step hypothalamic cooling BF tended to rise in some trials rather than to decrease further with the transition from moderate to strong hypothalamic cooling. The relationships between Tc, Thy and BF could be satisfactorily described by each of two mathematical models, the one presuming a Q10 of 1.5 for cold and a Q10 of 8.3 for warm signal transmission in the hypothalamus, the other presuming a Q10 of 3.5 for cold and a Q10 of 2.5 for warm signal transmission and, additionally, the existence of hypothalamic thermosensors. PMID- 6622222 TI - A photomultiplier tube assembly for the detection of low light levels. AB - Bioluminescent indicators have found many uses in, for example, the detection of ATP and free calcium levels. However, such probes often emit only very low levels of light and it is important to optimize the efficiency of the system used to detect this light. We describe some of the problems encountered in using photomultiplier tubes for detecting low levels of light, and some ways of overcoming these problems. We have developed a versatile photomultiplier light detection system which is both efficient and physically small. This system is described and details of its fabrication are given. PMID- 6622223 TI - Effect of graded vagal blockade and pulmonary volume on tonic inspiratory activity in rabbits. AB - Reflex respiratory responses to increased and decreased tracheal pressure have been studied at bilateral local vagus temperatures between 30 degrees C and 0 degrees C in anaesthetized spontaneously breathing rabbits. The temperature of each cervical vagus nerve was governed by separate thermodes, which were cooled by Peltier elements and heated by transistors. In this study, the lowest activity level of the diaphragm during expiration was considered to reflect tonic inspiratory activity. As an indicator for this level, the longest interspike interval in the electromyogram of the diaphragm during a breath was used. Tonic inspiratory activity at tracheal pressures below -1.2 kPa was higher with vagi intact than after vagotomy. This observation indicates that disinhibition, due to the decreased activity of pulmonary stretch receptors, occurring during the Hering-Breuer deflation reflex, is an insufficient explanation for the facilitation of tonic inspiratory activity. When local vagus temperatures are 8 degrees C, and tracheal pressure has been increased or decreased, tonic inspiratory activity is higher than it would be with vagi at 0 degrees C or cut. Two reflex mechanisms that might explain the observed high tonic inspiratory activity are discussed. PMID- 6622224 TI - Characterization of the stimulus-response curve for hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. AB - Lungs from seven healthy female, sea level rats were perfused and ventilated in vitro. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction was stimulated by changing the inspired gas from 21% oxygen to 6, 4, 3 or 0% oxygen (all gases contained 5% carbon dioxide and balance nitrogen). A sigmoid stimulus-response curve was derived by probit analysis with a 50% of maximum response (ED50) at an oxygen tension of 3.49 +/- 0.17 kPa. It is suggested that such characterizations of the response to hypoxia may allow a more precise comparison of the effects of species, age, sex and drugs on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. PMID- 6622226 TI - Socket design and manufacturing technique for through-knee stumps. AB - This paper describes a socket design and manufacturing technique for through-knee stumps, based on 14 years experience with 290 prostheses. The bulbous shape of the stump and its full end-bearing quality requires a socket which has very little resemblance to above-knee sockets. The requirements of the through-knee socket are listed and the manufacturing technique is described and illustrated in detail. Emphasis is put on the quality of the negative plaster mould. The socket is manufactured according to the double wall technique commonly used in below knee sockets. It provides a maximum of comfort and cosmesis without extra costs. PMID- 6622225 TI - Effect of amiloride on electrolyte transport parameters of the main duct of the rabbit mandibular salivary gland. AB - We have studied the response of the rabbit mandibular main duct perfused in vitro to luminally administered amiloride. The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (KI) when the duct was bathed in Cl solutions were: for net Na+ transport, 3 X 10(-6) mol l-1; for transepithelial potential difference, 6 X 10(-6) mol l-1; and for transepithelial conductance, 3 X 10(-7) mol l-1. Substitution of the impermeant SO2-(4) anion for Cl- changed the KI for conductance to 3 X 10(-6) mol l-1. Within Cl- -containing media, the time course of the amiloride effect on potential difference showed an early rapid fall of 10 mV with a half-time 2 s, followed by a slower depolarization of 9 mV, and the conductance change followed the slower component of the potential change. In SO2-(4)-containing media, the potential difference and conductance changes followed time courses similar to one another. Finally, experiments on the effect of serosal applications of ouabain revealed that, although, in general, ouabain reduced resistance, it caused an increase in resistance in those ducts where the initial resistance was low. We conclude that: i) luminal Na+ transport occurs via amiloride-sensitive, conductive Na+ channels; ii) the Cl- conductance is the major determinant of transepithelial conductance; iii) the first phase of the potential response is due to blocking of the Na+ conductive channels, whilst the slow phase reflects secondary inhibition of an electrogenic Na+ pump; and iv) duct resistance changes are secondary to alterations in intracellular Cl- concentration. PMID- 6622227 TI - Casting the through-knee stump. AB - The general characteristics of the through-knee stump are outlined and the casting technique is described in detail. PMID- 6622228 TI - Knee mechanisms for through-knee prostheses. AB - The most widely used knee mechanisms for through-knee amputees can be characterized as three principal types of design. These types are metal side bars with heavy duty joints, conventional knee mechanisms for above-knee amputees and special polycentric linkage mechanisms for through-knee amputees. An investigation in Sweden in 1979 showed that over 50% of the fittings were using the special polycentric linkage mechanisms for through-knee amputees. The stability diagram illustrates how voluntary and involuntary stability can be utilized by using different polycentric linkage mechanisms for through-knee amputees. The polycentric linkage mechanism can be designed for different stance phase characteristics as well as incorporation of different swing phase control mechanisms. The cosmesis of the available designs is acceptable but there is need for lighter and more compact designs especially for the young and small amputee. PMID- 6622229 TI - Life expectancy and social consequences of through-knee amputations. AB - Amputation surgery for gangrene of the lower limb has two primary goals, to save life and to bring the patients back to their previous living conditions. If this can be achieved with restored walking ability the result of the treatment is considered a full success. The purpose of this paper is to describe the risk of death and possibility of returning through-knee amputees to their own home, relating the results to other major levels of amputation of the lower limb. PMID- 6622230 TI - Failures in through-knee amputation. AB - Long-term results over a period of more than 10 years give evidence of the superiority of the through-knee compared to the above-knee stump. However, failures in through-knee stumps before, during and after operation and pitfalls in prosthetic fitting are still too frequent. They are mostly due to errors because the peculiarities of the stump and the prosthetic management are not recognised. This paper emphasizes frequent causes of failure in the selection of the level of amputation, the operative technique, post-operative treatment and prosthetic rehabilitation in order to reduce the complication rate. PMID- 6622231 TI - Success rate of prosthetic fitting after major amputations of the lower limb. AB - Rehabilitation after amputation at through-knee level is described and analysed in relation to amputations at above-knee and below-knee levels. PMID- 6622232 TI - Choice of level in lower extremity amputation--nationwide survey. AB - This survey analyses the levels of all major lower limb amputations in Denmark performed in 1980. During that year a total of 2,404 amputations were carried out on 2,177 patients. PMID- 6622233 TI - The healing of through-knee amputations in relation to skin perfusion pressure. AB - The healing in 20 through-knee amputations was compared with preoperatively measured skin perfusion pressure, determined as the minimal external pressure required to stop the washout of isotopes injected intradermally 10 cm distal to the knee joint. Out of 18 amputations with a skin perfusion pressure of above 20 mmHg only 2 failed to heal, whereas 2 out of 4 cases with skin perfusion pressure below 20 mmHg failed to heal. It is concluded that the through-knee amputation must be considered in cases where the circulation is borderline for healing in below-knee amputation. PMID- 6622234 TI - An index to measure the healing potential of ischaemic ulcers using Thallium 201. AB - Prediction of healing of ulcers in ischaemic limbs can preclude unnecessary treatment for ulcers that cannot heal. Non-invasive methods are of marked value as the ischaemic limb is susceptible to further ulceration from local skin penetration. Relative hyperemia of the ulcer was measured by scintillation count over the ulcer and at points 2.5 cm from the edge of the ulcer. Relative hyperemia was determined by dividing the count per unit area of the ulcer by the counts per unit area of the surrounding tissue. All ulcers with a relative hyperemia over 1.5 healed. PMID- 6622235 TI - Prediction of leg viability and amputation level by fluorescein uptake. AB - There is a continuous search for more reliable, locally non-invasive tests for prediction of leg viability and for the selection of amputation levels in dysvascular lower limbs. Refinement of the dermofluorometer by addition of a shielded probe and fibreoptic bundles has reduced the bulk of the instrument and permitted rapid testing. Excitation light is carried to the tissues and emitted fluorescence is returned to a photo multiplier. The Index of Fluorescein Uptake is 20-30 units in control areas. Healing is constant above 15 units, inconstant from 5 to 15 units, and absent below 5 units. Reliability has been virtually 10% in preliminary tests. PMID- 6622236 TI - Operative technique in knee disarticulation. AB - The operative technique is described in detail. Pitfalls are emphasized and comparisons made with other techniques. PMID- 6622237 TI - The postoperative environment of the amputation stump. Postoperative wound dressing after through-knee amputation. AB - This paper reviews different types of treatment of the amputation stump. Following an examination of the historical development there are sections on bandaging, semi-rigid dressings, rigid cast dressing and controlled environment treatment. The merits and demerits of each type of treatment are discussed. PMID- 6622238 TI - Physiotherapy following through-knee amputation. AB - Physiotherapeutic treatment considerations specific to the through-knee amputee are presented. Treatment is determined by the assessment findings. The physiotherapy programme includes post-operative exercises, early weight-bearing, bed to chair transfers, bandaging techniques, the counteracting of contractures and gait training. Physiotherapy is a vital part of the rehabilitation of through knee amputees. Principles of treatment are based on normal human locomotion, the individual patient's health status, biomechanical changes and expected stump functions. The through-knee stump is generally problem free, functional and end bearing, allowing for a high rehabilitation rate in independent ambulation. It is therefore well suited for the geriatric amputee. PMID- 6622239 TI - The early rehabilitation of lower limb amputees using a pneumatic walking aid. AB - A pneumatic walking training aid for amputees is described. It was developed by the late Biomechanical Research and Development Unit, Roehampton, from an original design by Professor Little in Australia. The walking aid has been used successfully on the majority of below-knee and through-knee patients rehabilitated in the Roehampton Walking Training School since 1976. There have been no complications that could be attributed to the use of the pneumatic walking aid. PMID- 6622240 TI - Tolerance of early walking with total contact among below-knee amputees--a randomized test. AB - In order to reduce the need for repeated changes of socket due to postoperative atrophy and resorption of oedema simple temporary limbs are required to delay the casting of individual sockets until the stump is more mature. A randomized study of 95 below-knee amputees was performed with a re-usable temporary one-size prosthesis of endoskeletal type with adjustable tube length. Total contact was obtained by moulding a thin plastic pillow containing small plastic pellets around the stump in parallel connected sections. As air was evacuated the pillow became rigid. The pillow was kept in place about the stump by Velcro bands. Physiotherapists were able to make all adjustments and ambulate the patient 1-2 hours a day. The training started 2-4 weeks after amputation and lasted for 1-4 weeks. Healing problems due to training did not occur in well healed stumps where training started 3 weeks or more after amputation. No negative influence on maturing of stump, hospital stay and walking ability three months after amputation was found. PMID- 6622241 TI - Biomechanics of the through-knee prosthesis. AB - The biomechanics of the through-knee prosthesis is considered in detail and comparisons made with the above-knee case. Socket shape and suspension are discussed and comment offered on knee function in both stance and swing phases. PMID- 6622242 TI - [Evaluation of CT in retroperitoneal and pelvic lymphadenopathy--comparison with lymphography]. PMID- 6622243 TI - [Value of computed tomography as a screening examination of pancreatic cancer]. PMID- 6622244 TI - [Cineangiocardiographic diagnosis of ventricular septal defect in tetralogy of Fallot]. PMID- 6622245 TI - [Lymphography without the use of blue dye]. PMID- 6622246 TI - [Clinical studies of combined therapy of radiation and local injection of misonidazole]. PMID- 6622247 TI - [Reserve capacity of lung vascular bed in pulmonary thromboembolism]. PMID- 6622248 TI - [Wedge filter for fast neutron beam from NIRS cyclotron]. PMID- 6622249 TI - [Treatment of hemorrhagic incidents in acute leukemia and bone marrow aplasia. Personal results 1974-1981]. AB - Transfusional therapy regimens have been investigated in a series of 385 patients treated for acute leukemia (AL). During remission induction, fatal hemorrhages occurred in 0.7% of the patients whereas, during the same time, deaths due to infections were four times more frequent. Platelet concentrates (PC) were usually given on the basis of clinical indications. When the risk of hemorrhage was especially high, as during the induction phase of acute promyelocytic leukemia, prophylactic platelet transfusions seemed to be necessary. Alloimmunization developed in 17% to 52% of the patients depending on their cytologic type and in these cases, PC prepared from single donors had to be used. Among the 57 patients with aplastic anemia (AA), bone marrow transplantation was indicated in 17, and 5 of the 10 grafted patients died from hemorrhages. In AA, as the risk of sensitization to platelet alloantigens was higher, PC prepared from single donors were systematically preferred to standard PC. If bone marrow transplantation was planned, PC from histocompatible donors were ordered. PMID- 6622251 TI - [Erythrocyte volume and 2,3-DPG level. A study on a primary polycythemia model]. AB - Recent studies from this department have suggested that the level of 2,3-DPG may be determined in part by the volume of the erythrocyte; this conclusion was reached on the basis of the finding of significantly elevated values of 2,3-DPG in heterozygous beta-thalassemia, even in the absence of anemia. In order to test the role of microcytosis in the formation of 2,3-DPG levels, a study was undertaken on a different patient material characterized by microcytosis without anemia or hypoxia, namely on cases of polycythemia vera (PV) rendered microcytic through therapeutic venesection (or blood loss) and on appropriate controls. Five cases of untreated PV (mean HB 18.36 +/- 1.53 g/dl, mean MCV 94.4 +/- 3.9 fl) had 2,3-DPG levels slightly lower than normal controls (13.67 +/- 0,75 mumoles/g Hb vs 14.18 +/- 1.41 mumoles/g Hb). Six microcytic iron deficient PV's (mean Hb 17.42 +/- 2.34 g/dl, mean MCV 74.5 +/- 6.2 fl) had very significantly increased 2,3-DPG levels (17.73 +/- 1.75 mumoles/g Hb). Similar high levels were obtained in five cases venesected in the past and maintained with cytostasis (mean Hb 15.22 +/- 0.67 g/dl, MCV 82.5 +/- 7.5 fl, 2,3-DPG 17.04 +/- 2.44 mumoles/g Hb). A strong linear negative correlation was obtained between 2,3-DPG values and the MCV (r = -0.736, P less than 0.001). It is concluded that microcytosis of other etiology and not only of beta-thalassemia may also lead, per se, to increased levels of 2,3-DPG. The different levels of 2,3-DPG in PV undergoing venesection vs untreated patients may explain some discrepant reports on the behavior of this metabolite in PV. PMID- 6622250 TI - [Pure megaloblastic refractory anemia. Prolonged complete remission following androgenotherapy]. AB - In a case of pure megaloblastic refractory anemia, a complete remission is reported. This remission has been obtained by prolonged high dose androgenotherapy and has now lasted for more than 5 years. The practical therapeutic consequences are discussed. PMID- 6622252 TI - Intraerythrocytic adaptation to anaemia in thalassaemia. AB - Red cell 2.3-diphosphoglycerate (2.3-DPG) response to anaemia is evaluated in 83 patients with different types of heterozygous thalassaemias, and 40 patients with chronic ferropenic anaemia and 120 healthy subjects are used as control groups. In heterozygous beta, beta delta, and alpha thalassaemic patients the 2.3 DPG concentration is appropriate for the degree of anaemia present. PMID- 6622253 TI - [Success of treatment with a low-molecular-weight heparin fraction in a case of pulmonary embolism complicated by heparin-induced thrombopenia]. AB - A 40-year-old woman was admitted to Ambroise-Pare Hospital with a mitral stenosis and right ventricular failure. On the admission, heparino-therapy was started (Heparine Calcique Leo 30,000 IU/24 h); 11 days after, a thrombocytopenia (platelet count 60 . 10(9)/l) was observed and a few days later a pulmonary embolus was diagnosed. "In vitro", a heparin dependent plasma platelet aggregating factor was found (with Heparine Leo and all other standard ones tested) leading to the diagnosis of heparin associated thrombocytopenia; on the other this aggregating factor was not found with a low molecular weight (LMW) heparin fraction (Choay laboratory, Paris, batch CY216). We decided to stop standard heparin and to treat this patient with the LMW fraction (7,500 IU every 8 h SC) associated with oral antivitamin K. A rapid clinical improvement was observed and the platelet count rose progressively reaching 300 . 10(9)/l and has subsequently always been greater than 200 . 10(9)/l. The occurrence of heparin induced thrombocytopenia associated with thrombosis leads to heparin cessation; the treatment of the thrombotic episode seems to be improved by the use of LMW heparin associated with vitamin K antagonists. PMID- 6622254 TI - [French Society of Hematology: 23d meeting of the Hemostasis and Thrombosis Study Group. Paris 13-14 May 1983. Abstracts]. PMID- 6622255 TI - Preparation of oligodeoxyribonucleoside methylphosphonates on a polystyrene support. AB - An efficient procedure is described for synthesizing deoxyribonucleoside methylphosphonates on polystyrene polymer supports which involves condensing 5' dimethoxytrityldeoxynucleoside 3'-methylphosphonates. The oligomers are removed from the support and the base protecting groups hydrolyzed by treatment with ethylenediamine in ethanol, which avoids hydrolysis of the methylphosphonate linkages. Two types of oligomers were synthesized: those containing only methylphosphonate linkages, d-Np(Np)nN, and those which terminate with a 5' nucleotide residue, dNp (Np)nN. The latter oligomers can be phosphorylated by polynucleotide kinase, and are separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis according to their chain length. Piperdine randomly cleaves the oligomer methylphosphonate linkages and generates a series of shorter oligomers whose number corresponds to the length of the original oligomer. Apurinic sites introduced by acid treatment spontaneously hydrolyze to give oligomers which terminate with free 3' and 5' OH groups. These reactions may be used to characterize the oligomers. PMID- 6622256 TI - Mechanism of stimulation by a specific protein factor of de novo DNA synthesis by mouse DNA replicase with fd phage single stranded circular DNA. AB - Mouse DNA replicase is a functional multienzyme complex consisting of DNA polymerase and DNA primase. The DNA and initiator RNA syntheses by DNA replicase with single stranded DNA as template are stimulated by a stimulating factor (T. Yagura, T. Kozu and T. Seno, 1982, J. Biochem. (Tokyo).91, 607-618). The action mechanism of the stimulating factor on this novel DNA synthesis with fd phage single stranded circular DNA as template was studied. The stimulating factor directly stimulated initiator RNA synthesis but did not change the length of either initiator RNA (8 to 10 nucleotides long) or the product DNA (300 to 1,000 nucleotides long). Kinetic studies and analysis of the products by neutral agarose gel electrophoresis show that the stimulating factor increased the affinity of DNA replicase for template DNA without changing the apparent Km values for deoxy- and ribonucleotide substrates. Thus, in combination with a sufficient amount of the stimulating factor, DNA replicase quantitatively converted the template DNA to the position of double-stranded circular replicative form II DNA, as shown by agarose gel electrophoresis. PMID- 6622257 TI - A novel guanine-guanine base pairing: crystal structure of a complex between 7 methylguanosine and its iodide. AB - 7-Methylguanosine, one of the biologically important minor nucleosides, could be crystallized as a complex of its zwitterionic form and its iodide, and the crystal structure was determined by the X-ray diffraction method. The crystals belong to the triclinic space group P1 with the unit cell dimensions: a = 7.678(1), b = 18.094(3), and c = 5.711(1) A, alpha = 79.32(1), beta = 80.14(1) and gamma = 76.90(1) degrees. The structure was solved by the heavy atom method and refined by the least-squares method to give a final R index of 0.075. The novel reverse Watson-Crick type base pairing observed between a positively charged molecule and a deprotonated one indicates that the deprotonation at the N(1) position promoted by the alkylation at the N(7) position may interrupt the formation of the normal Watson-Crick type GC base pair. The conformations about the glycosidic bond and the sugar puckering are quite different between the two molecules: the former has anti and C(4')-exo,C(3')-endo and the latter syn and C(1')-exo-C(2')-endo. PMID- 6622258 TI - Efficient syntheses of [3-15N]uracil and [3-15N]thymine. AB - Regiospecific syntheses of [3-15N]uracil and [3-15N]thymine are described using [15N]ammonium sulfate as a source of labeled nitrogen. The overall yields are excellent, and the reactions are amenable to production of multigram quantities of labeled material. PMID- 6622259 TI - Derivatization of unprotected polynucleotides. AB - A simple and efficient method for attaching amines to the terminal 5'-phosphate of unprotected oligonucleotides or nucleic acids in aqueous solution is described. The method is applicable to low molecular-weight amines, polypeptides, or proteins. The terminal 5'-phosphate of an oligonucleotide or nucleic acid reacts with a water-soluble carbodiimide in imidazole buffer at pH 6 to give good yields of the 5'-phosphorimidazolide. Exposure of the phosphorimidazolide to amine-containing molecules in aqueous solution results in the production of a wide range of stable phosphoramidates in high yield. The exposure of polynucleotides to carbodiimide does not result in significant breakage of phosphodiester bonds or damage to nucleoside bases. The biological activity of a drug resistant plasmid is not affected. The direct condensation of polynucleotides with amines in 1-methylimidazole buffer is also possible. However, it is not a satisfactory preparative method if the ligand is sensitive to carbodiimide. PMID- 6622260 TI - Plasma clearance of 99mTc-N/2,4-dimethyl-acetanilido/iminodiacetate complex as a measure of parenchymal liver damage. AB - Fifty-two patients were studied with various diseases affecting liver parenchyma. Any disorders of bile transport were excluded on the basis of dynamic liver scintigraphy using intravenously injected N/2,4-dimethyl acetanilido/iminodiacetate 99mTc complex (HEPIDA). The activity concentration of 99mTc-HEPIDA in plasma was measured from 5 through 60 min post injection. Clearance of the substance (ClB) was calculated from blood plasma disappearance curves and compared with results of 13 laboratory tests used conventionally for assessment of damage of the liver and its functional capacity; age and body weight was also included in the analysis. Statistical relations were studied using linear regression analysis of two variables, multiple regression analysis as well as multidimensional analysis of variance. It was demonstrated that 99mTc HEPIDA clearance is a simple, accurate and repeatable measure of liver parenchyma damage. In males, values of ClB above 245 ml. min-1/1.73 m2 exclude hepatic damage with high probability; values below 195 ml.min-1/1.73 m2 indicate evident impairment of liver parenchyma function. PMID- 6622261 TI - The influence of cycle length on the radionuclide left ventricular volume curve acquired with a scintillation camera and ECG-triggered data processor. AB - This study was designed to evaluate the effect of cycle length on the parameters of left ventricular function such as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), ejection rates and ejection times. Radionuclide (in vivo 99mTc-labelled red blood cells) volume curves were obtained from ten chacma baboons. Transoesophageal atrial pacing of the baboon hearts was controlled by a microcomputer. A sequence of four beats was generated during arrhythmic pacing, consisting of two beats of equal cycle lengths, followed by a beat 15% shorter and a subsequent beat after a compensatory pause. Triggering impulses were sent to the data processor coincident with one of these beats until sufficient counts were obtained, before advancing to the next beat. Global LVEFs were found to be influenced by the preceding cycle length, increasing on a previous long cycle and decreasing on a previous short cycle and were even found to be influenced one normal beat on from the unrepresentative cycle. Similar trends were found for ejection times and rates. Discarding specific unrepresentative cycle lengths in order to correct for arrhythmia without attention to the previous cycle and even to the following cycle is therefore inappropriate. PMID- 6622262 TI - [A new nuclear medicine method for studying heart function without ECG-trigger and without the effect of body background radiation]. AB - The intensity fluctuations of the radiation from a beating heart filled with radioactively labeled blood is analysed in such a way that the stroke volume and thus the cardiac output can be determined. The method is independent of any background radiation and irregularities of the heart rate. Further features are the speed of the method and the immediate imaging of the kinetics of the heart wall. PMID- 6622263 TI - [Bone-seeking behavior of rhenium and yttrium complexes]. AB - The results of experimental work on rats with strontium (85SrCl2, 89SrCl2) and yttrium (90Y) in a citrate complex demonstrate high affinity to bone. Rhenium perrhenat (186Re) Re-colloid and Re-methylene-diphosphonate were rapidly eliminated without bone affinity. PMID- 6622264 TI - Preparation and quality control of 99mTc-calciumgluconate. AB - A procedure for the labelling of lyophilised Sn-Ca-Gluconate by a 99mTc instant technique was developed. Paper and TLC chromatography and low-voltage electrophoresis were used for the determination of the labelling yield which reached between 95 to 98%. The biodistribution was followed in white (albino) rats. About 25 to 35% of the total activity of the compound was retained in the kidneys one hour after its i.v. injection. PMID- 6622265 TI - [Atypical epithelial cells in specimens from the respiratory tract in various chronic non-neoplastic lung diseases]. PMID- 6622266 TI - [Changes in intravascular granulocyte pools in young persons with bacterial pneumonia. II]. PMID- 6622267 TI - [Effect of various antibiotics and encorton on the phagocytic capacity of peripheral granulocytes]. PMID- 6622268 TI - [Skin sensitivity to Battey and Kansasii sensitins in selected rural and student populations. III. Summary of the results of studies on skin reactivity to Battey and Kansasii sensitins and tuberculin RT23 in the rural population and in students]. PMID- 6622269 TI - [Changes in the visual evoked potentials in patients treated with ethambutol]. PMID- 6622270 TI - [Value of the MMEF/FEV1 index for the interpretation of spirographic data and the diagnosis of ventilatory disorders of the obstructive type]. PMID- 6622271 TI - [Changes in the MMEF/FEV1 index during the inhalation bronchodilation test and after the histamine provocation test]. PMID- 6622272 TI - [Maximal expiratory flow-volume curves (MEFV) and various spirometric indicators of air flow in the lungs]. PMID- 6622273 TI - [Work capacity of workers of the cadmium department of the non-ferrous metal smelting plant]. PMID- 6622274 TI - [Role of bronchofibroscopy in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary changes of non-neoplastic etiology]. PMID- 6622275 TI - [Serum immunoglobulin levels in long-term Candida infection]. PMID- 6622276 TI - [Epidemiological studies on the influence of the working environment on the respiratory tract of female workers engaged in the processing of synthetic fibers. I. Analysis of respiratory tract symptoms]. PMID- 6622277 TI - [Studies on the influence of the working environment on the respiratory tract of female workers engaged in the processing of synthetic fibers. II. Evaluation of the ventilatory capacity of the respiratory tract]. PMID- 6622278 TI - [Evaluation of the state of the respiratory tract of power plant overhaul workers]. PMID- 6622279 TI - [Anxiety and the knowledge of current diagnostic procedures in lung diseases]. PMID- 6622280 TI - [N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in the lymphocytes of patients with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6622281 TI - [Role of laparotomy and splenectomy in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 6622282 TI - The use of a steric parameter (Y gamma) in QSAR calculations for peptide hormones. AB - A steric parameter (Y gamma) has been derived for alpha-amino acids to characterize the steric hindrances near to the alpha-carbon atom. This easily computable variable is suitable for quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) calculations for peptide hormones. Successful multivariate analyses were performed for oxytocin and angiotensin II analogs with the help of parameters describing the lipophilic and steric properties and the measure of dispersion forces. In the case of position 4 substituted oxytocin analogs, the steric, lipophilic and H-bridge forming properties equally account for the different biological activities of the derivatives. In the case of position 5 substituted angiotensin II analogs, primarily the steric parameters account for the biological activity of the series of derivatives. PMID- 6622283 TI - Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone facilitates learning of visual but not auditory discriminations. AB - The neuropeptide alpha-MSH has been proposed to influence learning and memory by increasing visual attention. To test the possibility that MSH selectively affects visual learning, rats were tested in learning tasks in which the cues were either visual or auditory. Maze and bar-press tasks were used. MSH administration increased the rate of learning of the visual tasks, regardless of the task difficulty or the type of response required of the rat. MSH had no effect on the rate of learning of the auditory tasks. These results support the hypothesis that MSH facilitates learning by influencing some aspect of visual information processing. PMID- 6622284 TI - Effect of synthetic porcine gastrin-releasing peptide on plasma levels of immunoreactive cholecystokinin pancreatic polypeptide and gastrin in dogs. AB - This study was conducted to determine if synthetic porcine gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) stimulates the release of immunoreactive cholecystokinin (CCK), pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and gastrin in dogs. Three doses (0.01, 0.1 and 0.5 micrograms/kg-hr) of synthetic porcine GRP were administered intravenously to six conscious dogs. Synthetic porcine GRP stimulated the release of each hormone in a dose-related manner. The effect of GRP on the response of gastrin was greater than its effect on CCK and PP responses. This study indicates that the biological action of synthetic porcine GRP is similar to the bombesin, an amphibian peptide shown previously to stimulate the release of gastrointestinal peptides. PMID- 6622285 TI - Acute abdominal vagotomy reduces drinking to peripheral but not central angiotensin II. AB - Rats were tested two or three days after bilateral abdominal vagotomy or a laparotomy control procedure for their drinking responses to subcutaneous (1 mg kg-1) or intracerebroventricular (100 ng) injections of angiotensin II. Vagotomy delayed the initiation of drinking and decreased 60-min water intake after subcutaneous, but not after intracerebroventricular, angiotensin II. This is the shortest postoperative interval in which the decrease in drinking after systemic injection of angiotensin II by abdominal vagotomy has been observed. The failure of vagotomy to decrease the response to intracerebroventricular angiotensin II demonstrates that the deficit after subcutaneous injection was not a nonspecific effect of recent vagotomy. These results, therefore, suggest that the abdominal vagus is necessary for normal drinking in response to circulating angiotensin II. Furthermore, the selective and acute onset of the deficit is consistent with the loss of a specific, rather than tonic facilitatory, vagal mechanism for drinking after elevation of circulating angiotensin II levels. Finally, the results imply that the physiological mechanisms which mediate the drinking responses to central and peripheral angiotensin are not identical. PMID- 6622286 TI - Activation of vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic neurons during aging in the Wistar rat. AB - The activity of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system (HNS) was determined in male Wistar rats from 3 to 32 months of age. Plasma levels of vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) were measured by means of a radioimmunoassay. In addition, the distribution of the Golgi apparatus marker enzyme thiamine-pyrophosphatase (TPP ase) was measured as a parameter for neurosecretory activity in the hypothalamic supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei (SON and PVN). Plasma levels of radioimmunoassayable AVP were increased in the 32-month-old animals. Plasma levels of radioimmunoassayable OXT in 32-month-old animals did not differ from the levels found in the youngest group, but were higher than in 11-month-old animals. Neurosecretory activity in the SON was similar in 3- and 32-month-old animals, whereas in the PVN neurosecretory activity was increased in the 32-month old animals. Urine excretion decreased between 6 and 11 months of age and remained on the same level until 32 months of age. In other words, instead of a loss of HNS function as has been suggested in the literature, an increased neurosecretory activity was observed in aged rats. PMID- 6622287 TI - Effect of opiate-active substances on pancreatic polypeptide levels in dogs. PMID- 6622288 TI - Dynorphins and Leu-enkephalin in brain nuclei and pituitary of WKY and SHR rats. AB - The distribution of dynorphin 1-13 (Dyn-1-13, Dyn-(1-8) and Leu5-enkephalin (LE) immunoreactivities (ir) were determined in discrete brain nuclei of normotensive (WKY) and hypertensive (SHR) rats. The concentration of ir-Dyn-(1-13) and ir-Dyn (1-8) varied markedly among the various nuclei studies with a predominance of ir Dyn-(1-13) over ir-Dyn-(1-8) in all the nuclei of both WKY and SHR rats. Ir-LE also showed large variations in different sites and no consistent relationships were found between the distribution of ir-Dyn-(1-8), Dyn-(1-13) and LE. SHR rats had lower levels of ir-Dyn-(1-13), Dyn-(1-8) and LE in the suprachiasmatic nucleus compared with WKY rats. In addition, SHR rats had lower levels of ir-Dyn (1-8)- in the paraventricular and central amygdala, and higher ir-Dyn-(1-13) levels in the substantia nigra. The level of ir-Dyn-(1-13) in the neurointermediate lobe (NIL) of SHR rats was decreased substantially compared with that of WKY rats. The localization of these opioid peptides suggests that dynorphin-like peptides may serve a variety of hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic functions which might differ between SHR and WKY rats. PMID- 6622289 TI - Intraventricular administration of antivasopressin serum inhibits retention in mice. AB - Elevations and decrements in the levels of the posterior pituitary hormone vasopressin result in facilitations and deficits in retention, respectively, in rats. Despite the frequent use of mice in studies of pharmacological influences on retention, there is a paucity of information regarding the role of endogenous peptides, particularly vasopressin, in the memory processes of mice. In the present experiment, mice suffering from acute inactivation of central vasopressin, induced by an immediately posttraining, 2 microliters, intracerebroventricular injection of antivasopressin serum, displayed a retention deficit for passive avoidance training. The results of this experiment suggest that endogenous vasopressin modulates the memory processes of mice, as well as rats. PMID- 6622290 TI - Mucous metaplasia of epithelial cells in fibrocystic disease of the breast. A histochemical study. AB - Mucous metaplasia of breast epithelium was studied by histochemical procedures in cases of fibrocystic disease. Epithelial mucins consist almost entirely of non sulfated sialomucins. A slight amount of sulfated sialomucins was identified occasionally while neutral mucins seems to be absent. Abundant glycogen granules are contained in the cytoplasm of metaplastic cells. The secretion of sialomucins may be associated with a loss of cell antigenicity. In this case, the survival of metaplastic epithelium supports the hypothesis of the possible immunological nature of the disease. PMID- 6622291 TI - Ultrastructure of hepatic cholesterol crystals in the hypercholesterolemic - diabetic rat. AB - The cellular morphology of lipid accumulation in the liver was examined in normal rats fed a diet containing cholesterol and cholic acid, and streptozotocin diabetic rats fed the same diet. The cholesterol-fed non diabetic rats displayed moderate hypercholesterolemia (average cholesterol 317 mg/dl) whereas the cholesterol-fed diabetic rats exhibited severe hypercholesterolemia (cholesterol greater than 1300 mg/dl). Ultrastructural studies were performed on hepatic tissues following in situ fixation and water soluble embedment, which were used to reduce lipid extraction and minimize structural distortions. Although both groups exhibited hepatocyte lipid droplets, the accumulation was markedly accentuated in the diabetic animals. The Kupffer cells of the diabetic animals contained cytosolic lipid crystals that were membrane delimited and showed lattice ordering 3.9 +/- 2.2 nm periodicity. These findings suggest that cholesteryl ester crystals of the cholesteric phase, similar to those found in atherosclerotic lesions, may form in other cellular foci exposed to abnormally high plasma lipid levels. PMID- 6622292 TI - Splenic hamartoma, vascular type, with endothelial proliferation. AB - Vascular tumors of the spleen have shown a wide spectrum of histologic features. We present the case history of a 65-year old woman with weight loss, anemia and thrombocytopenia associated with a vascular tumor of the spleen. Grossly, the tumor appeared like the red pulp of the spleen. On microscopic examination, however, a papillary proliferation of the endothelial cells which caused narrowing of the lumina of newly-formed vessels was seen. The endothelial cells further showed multiple cytoplasmic projections with few junctions under electron microscopy. In spite of the morphology the tumor proved to be benign. This appears to be the first ultrastructural study of such type of vascular tumor. PMID- 6622293 TI - Myopathy in acromegaly. A case study. AB - The muscle findings in a patient with acromegaly of 20 years duration are presented. The patient demonstrated mild muscular weakness and atrophy. Standard needle electromyography was normal and single fiber electromyography showed normal motor unit densities. Muscle biopsy revealed normal size type-I muscle fibers, but three populations of type-II fibers - hypertrophied, atrophied, and normal-sized fibers. Hypertrophy of type-II fibers may be the direct result of the excess growth hormone, while the atrophic fibers may result from the disturbance of other endocrine function. PMID- 6622294 TI - Transmission and scanning-electronmicroscopy of experimental liver metastases derived from intrasplenically growing primary tumor. AB - Liver metastasis formation from intrasplenically growing Lewis lung tumor was studied with transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Tumor cells arrested in the sinusoids formed desmosome-like junctions with endothelial cells and crossed the endothelial lining at intercellular gaps and by transcellular diapedesis. The metastatic foci had no newly formed vessels, and the stroma was provided by non-parenchymatous liver cells. Morphology suggested different outcome for tumor cell-host cell interactions at different stages of tumor growth. The host cell activity to destroy tumor cells was present only at the early stage but disappeared later, when the tumor cells were ready to phagocyte normal cells. The reason for this could be the immunosuppressive effect of the primary tumor. Results emphasize the importance to study metastasis formation in primary tumor-bearing hosts. PMID- 6622295 TI - Asplenia and polysplenia malformation complexes explained by abnormal embryonic body curvature. AB - Asplenia and polysplenia malformation complexes characteristically have severe cardiovascular defects and visceral heterotaxy. We examined the hypothesis that the conditions may arise from an altered timing of development of embryonic body curvature: delayed in asplenia, accelerated in polysplenia. The morphologic features of the 25 patients with asplenia and 15 with polysplenia autopsied at The Johns Hopkins Hospital were determined. The time of appearance of various morphologic features and the evolution of body curvature was studied in 351 staged serially sectioned human embryos of The Carnegie Embryological Collection. All asplenia patients had severe atrioventricular canal malformations. Bilateral trilobed lungs were found in 12 patients. The polysplenia patients had severe interatrial septal defects in 10 patients; but ventricular septal defects in only six. Bilateral bilobed lungs were seen in five patients. Comparison of the time of appearance of anatomic structures in normal embryos with the observed malformations suggest that asplenia and polysplenia complexes originate in stages 13 to 15. The observations are consistent with the concept that the malformations in asplenia and polysplenia can be explained by minor alterations in the sequence of development of embryonic body curvature relative to organ maturation. PMID- 6622296 TI - Synthesis and biological action of some pyrido-[1,3]-diazepine and pyrido-[2, 3 d]-pyrimidine derivatives. AB - The following compounds were synthesized and tested for their action on the circulatory system and smooth muscle preparations: 3H,4,9-dihydropyrido-[2,3-e] [1,3]-diazepino-4,9-dione 1a, 3,4-dihydropyrido-[2,3-d]-pyrimidinone-4 2a and their derivatives: N-methylmorpholine 1b and 2b, N-methylopiperidine 1c and 2c, N beta-hydroxy-gamma-morpholinopropyl 1d and 2d, and N-beta-diethylaminoethyl 1e and 2e. Compounds 1b-e and 2c showed weak hypotensive action in rats when given in a dose of 50 mg/kg, compounds 2d and 2e: 30 mg/kg and up. PMID- 6622297 TI - Pharmacokinetics of imipramine after single and multiple intravenous administration in rats. AB - Plasma and brain levels of imipramine (IMI) and desmethylimipramine (DMI) in rats after single and multiple iv administration were estimated. IMI accumulated only in plasma, while DMI accumulated in plasma and brain of rats. The brain level of IMI and DMI was higher than plasma level. After multiple administration plasma DMI concentration was significantly greater than IMI concentration. It seems that IMI was obtained steady-state plasma concentration already at fifth day of multiple administration. High dose of IMI (10 mg/kg) caused that the relationship between steady-state concentration and dose of IMI cannot be expressed as a linear function. PMID- 6622298 TI - Determination of adipiodone and Bilipolinum-Polfa in pharmaceutical preparation and in the bile. AB - A method for determination of adipiodone in pure substance, in preparation Bilipolinum Polfa (inj., 50%) and in the bile is presented. It is based on oxygen combustion of the substance with KNO3, using a modified absorbing agent. Iodide content is then determined with the iodide ion-selective electrode, directly or by argentometric titration. At stated conditions the method permits to evaluate rapidly and sufficiently precisely the content of contrast medium in the bile after administration of the drug. PMID- 6622299 TI - The histological changes in some organs of the laboratory mice after intragastrically given bromfenvinphos and mixture of bromfenvinphos with methoxychlor. AB - Bromfenvinphos (0.0-diethyl-0-1-(2.4-dichlorphenyl)-2-bromvinyl phosphate), BrV, 12.33 mg/kg/day, alone and in combination with methoxychlor ( (1,1,1-trichlor-2.2 )4-methoxyphenyl ethane), MeOCl, 24.66 mg/kg/day, were administered to laboratory mice in the olive-oil suspension through the stomach gauge once a day for 6 weeks. The histological changes developed in liver and kidneys of mice were investigated. BrV and BrV + MeOCl caused the hyperemia and fine-grained inflammatory infiltration in liver tissue. The small histological changes were observed in kidneys of animals which received the pesticides: the stellate shape lumen of the proximal convoluted kidney tubules and the vacuolar degeneration changes in the wall cells of these tubules. There occurred degeneration changes in the wall cells of these tubules. No pathological changes appeared in stomach, small and large intestine, heart, spleen and in gonads of the experimental mice. PMID- 6622300 TI - Effects of ethanol on experimental inflammation. AB - The carrageenin and nystatin-induced paw edemas were dose-dependently antagonized by oral administration of ethanol. The combination of ethanol and dexamethasone increased this inhibition. Carrageenin-induced edema was also inhibited by furosemide and pentobarbital. The vascular permeability effects of histamine and serotonin were markedly suppressed by ethanol pretreatment. However, ethanol was unable to suppress the granuloma formation caused by cotton pellet implantation. These results suggest that central depression, cardiovascular alteration and decreased vascular permeability may play an important role for ethanol antiinflammatory activity. PMID- 6622302 TI - The effect of naloxone on carbachol-induced seizures in the caudate nucleus and in the hippocampus. AB - Intravenous injection of 1 or 10 mg/kg of naloxone did not affect the bioelectrical and behavioral epileptiform activity induced by carbachol application into the dorsal hippocampus in freely moving chronically implanted rabbits. In contrast, naloxone given intravenously (10 mg/kg) or intracaudally (2 micrograms) prolonged the duration and increased the amplitude of bioelectrical epileptiform activity induced by intracaudal carbachol application. The above results indicate that endogenous opioid peptides may inhibit seizure activity in the caudate nucleus. PMID- 6622301 TI - The effects of lithium treatment on cation transport processes in erythrocytes of patients with affective illnesses. AB - The effect of lithium administration on cation transport processes in erythrocytes was investigated in 26 patients with affective illnesses. The measures of ouabain-dependent sodium and potassium transport, Na+K+ATP-ase activity and lithium-sodium countertransport in erythrocytes were taken before and after 14 days of lithium therapy. In eleven patients an additional assay was made, following 3-12 months of continuous lithium administration. A significant increase in sodium and potassium transport as well as Na+K+ATP-ase activity was found after 14 days of lithium therapy, while the intensity of lithium-sodium countertransport markedly decreased. Maintenance treatment with lithium tended to stabilize these changes on the altered level. A role of cation transport in the mechanism of lithium action is discussed. It is suggested that an increment of erythrocyte active cation transport may accompany the normothymic effect of lithium. PMID- 6622303 TI - Effect of dosage and route of administration of trazodone on cerebral concentration of 1-m-chlorophenylpiperazine in rats. Kinetics of trazodone biotransformation in rats. AB - The levels of trazodone (TRZ) and its metabolite, 1-m-chlorophenylpiperazine (CPP) in the rat brain were tested after single and multiple administration of TRZ ip or po. After a single oral dose and after multiple ip or po administration of TRZ, the brain level of CPP exceeded markedly that of the parent compound. Some of pharmacokinetic parameters of TRZ and CPP were significantly changed after chronic treatment. As the biological effect of CPP is opposite to that of its parent compound, the high level of metabolite in the central nervous system may affect strongly the pharmacological activity of TRZ. PMID- 6622304 TI - Inhibitory effect of intrahippocampal noradrenaline and isoprenaline on rabbit EEG. AB - Influence of noradrenaline, or isoprenaline injected into the dorsal hippocampus on electroencephalogram and behavior of rabbit was studied. The injections increased the participation of slow waves and spindles in cortical EEG, suppressed hippocampal theta rhythm and blocked the spontaneous locomotor activity. The inhibitory effect of isoprenaline was reduced by intrahippocampal pretreatment with propranolol or sotalol; the beta-blockers injected intrahippocampal induced EEG arousal and behavioral excitation. These results indicate an inhibitory role of noradrenaline and isoprenaline in the hippocampus of rabbit. PMID- 6622306 TI - Toward optimal drug therapy. Benefits of therapeutic drug monitoring. AB - Over the past two decades, therapeutic drug monitoring has repeatedly been found to improve efficacy and minimize toxicity. Monitoring is needed in patients with conditions that alter their responses to drugs, such as congestive heart failure or old age. It is also necessitated by such drug factors as variable distribution or elimination and by such clinical situations as when compliance or efficacy is questioned. For drug monitoring to achieve its potential benefits, serum concentrations of drug must be measured at the appropriate time. In most clinical situations, a single trough measurement at steady state is adequate to assess therapy. PMID- 6622305 TI - Prophylactic treatment of migraine headache. PMID- 6622308 TI - Private clinics. Their role in American medicine. PMID- 6622309 TI - It is really sinusitis? AB - To answer the question Is it really sinusitis? one must take a careful history, look into the nose, palpate the infected sinuses, and obtain roentgenograms. A history of pain, mucopurulent discharge, nasal obstruction, and systemic involvement should be present for a diagnosis of acute suppurative sinusitis. Physical findings and the presence of a predisposing factor help in the diagnosis, and roentgenographically demonstrated changes of the involved sinus can substantiate it. Acute suppurative sinusitis necessitates antibiotic therapy, which should be continued for seven days after the primary symptoms are relieved in order to avoid recurrence or development of subacute or chronic suppurative sinusitis. Chronic sinusitis requires surgical intervention to remove the diseased mucosa, and the sinuses must be ventilated (oxygenated) for resolution to occur. PMID- 6622307 TI - Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in adults. When diagnosis and pretreatment assessment can't wait. AB - Because adults with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) frequently present with vague complaints and nonspecific findings, it is usually the primary care physician who sees them first. The initial clinical evaluation of such patients should include making the diagnosis, beginning to characterize the leukemia, and assessing the overall medical condition of the patient. All phases of this evaluation should be completed with a sense of urgency because immediate medical intervention is often necessary. Prompt assessment and institution of therapy take on added importance now that effective chemotherapy is available. Currently, a large majority of patients with ANLL respond to treatment and 15% to 20% are probably cured. With the use of various clinical and laboratory studies, the physician can rapidly confirm a suspected diagnosis of ANLL and systematically evaluate the patient's condition prior to arranging for appropriate treatment. PMID- 6622310 TI - Evaluation of impotence. Comprehensive, compassionate approach. PMID- 6622311 TI - Endocrine causes of impotence. Optimistic outlook for restoration of potency. AB - Endocrine disorders are important, potentially reversible causes of impotence. Impotence may be an early manifestation of hypopituitarism, nonfunctioning pituitary tumors, prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors, or hyperthyroidism. Treatment of these disorders, as well as many of the other endocrinopathies with which impotence may be associated, usually leads to restoration of libido and potency. When impotence is caused by the autonomic neuropathy of diabetes, however, treatment of the endocrinopathy rarely restores sexual function. Sex therapy or implantation of a penile prosthesis may be useful in selected patients with this cause of impotence. PMID- 6622312 TI - Psychiatric aspects of male sexual dysfunction. AB - Sexual problems are highly prevalent in Western society. Most people in this culture are vulnerable to sexual concerns that may arise out of ignorance, cultural inhibitions, unrealistic expectations, and anxiety about performance. Because of the importance attached to sexual competence, the physician's efforts to improve the quality of a patient's life through prevention, treatment, or referral are worthwhile. Principles of therapy for psychiatric aspects of male sexual dysfunction tend to be simple and easily applied. Therapy is most effective when both partners are treated together. The physician stresses learning and encourages the couple to focus on pleasure rather than on performance. With minimal effort, the physician who is willing to try can do a great deal to help patients with sexual dysfunction. PMID- 6622313 TI - Treatment of impotence. Proven and promising methods. AB - During the past decade or so, considerable progress has been made in treatment of erectile dysfunction. Implantation of a penile prosthesis, either semirigid or inflatable, has enabled men made impotent by organic disease or, in some cases, psychologic problems to resume sexual intercourse. Although both types of implants have disadvantages as well as advantages, the disadvantages are being minimized by continuing improvement in the devices. Microsurgical techniques are being devised for correcting impotence due to arterial insufficiency or abnormal venous drainage of the penis. Until these techniques are perfected, however, penile implants remain the surgical treatment of choice. Drugs and electrostimulation are being investigated for treatment of impotence, and further experience will better establish their place in therapeutic management. PMID- 6622314 TI - Wrongful birth, wrongful life! PMID- 6622315 TI - Exercise for stress management. Program design and troubleshooting. AB - Exercise is undoubtedly an important facet of stress reduction, and patients should be encouraged in every way possible to use exercise as part of stress management programs. However, exercise may itself create a set of disorders, usually overuse, inflammatory syndromes. Physicians should have a firm understanding of the methods available for treating such problems and returning the patient to his or her exercise program. While it is not reasonable for a patient to cling to an "exercise-at-all-costs" attitude, neither is it reasonable for a physician to treat all exercise-related problems by the simple advice to stop exercising. PMID- 6622317 TI - The physician's role. Reverence and responsibility. PMID- 6622316 TI - The initial patient interview. Identifying when psychosocial factors are at work. AB - Timely identification of psychosocial factors is crucial to the diagnosis and treatment of all patients. Identification depends on the use of interview techniques that maximize the patient's opportunity to raise psychosocial concerns. In addition to recognition of psychosocial factors, management of "difficult" patients requires identification of their unstated demands and a capacity to respond in a neutral, rational manner. PMID- 6622319 TI - Valvular heart disease in adults. When to call in the surgeon. AB - Valvular heart disease is now amenable to surgical intervention. Valve surgery needs to be considered at the appropriate time so that patients are not denied the benefit of operation. Patients with indications for surgery should be operated on before progressive left ventricular dysfunction or the complications attendant to valvular heart disease develop. Delay of indicated surgery may increase the operative risk. This does not mean that patients should be referred for surgery before the appropriate indications appear. It does mean, however, that patients with valvular heart disease should be followed for evidence of progressive signs and symptoms attendant to the disease. Clinical and laboratory evidence of valvular and/or ventricular dysfunction determines when surgical intervention is necessary. Once indications for valve surgery appear, prompt referral is indicated. PMID- 6622318 TI - Serum sickness-like syndrome associated with propranolol therapy. AB - A serum sickness-like syndrome developed in a 38-year-old woman with a history of drug allergy who had been taking propranolol hydrochloride (Inderal) for four days. The illness resolved after the drug was withdrawn and a course of prednisone therapy was given. We recommend caution to physicians in prescribing propranolol or other beta-adrenergic blocking agents for patients with a history of allergic reactions to drugs. Also, all patients using beta-blocking agents should be cautioned that although serum sickness-like syndrome is rare, it requires immediate medical attention. PMID- 6622320 TI - Therapy for immunologic disease. New ways of using old drugs. AB - Treatment of immunologically mediated diseases has been hampered by the lack of therapeutic agents capable of selectively altering distinct areas of the immune network. Unfortunately, most immunomodulating drugs with such capability are not selective in their suppressive effects, often causing untoward reactions such as infection. In an attempt to obviate these effects, new schemes of administering these agents so as to minimize adverse side effects and maximize benefits have been developed. Such regimens utilizing corticosteroids and certain cytotoxic drugs are proving effective. Progress will probably be limited to the devising of new protocols for existing pharmacologic agents until newer drugs are developed that can more precisely modify specific phases of the exaggerated immune reactivity characteristic of immunologically mediated diseases. PMID- 6622321 TI - Update on toxic shock syndrome. Recognizing and treating the mild case. PMID- 6622323 TI - Anorexia nervosa--thinness as illness. AB - Anorexia nervosa appears to be on the rise, perhaps in part due to the cultural ideal of a thin figure. The anorectic is typically a highly motivated, over compliant adolescent girl or young woman who has had problems with self-image and social interactions. Her behavior is an attempt to exert control and self direction, usually through the regulation of food intake. Weight loss is the most common symptom of the disease and, when extreme, can be life-threatening. Although anorexia nervosa is usually considered a psychologic disorder, strong evidence for biologic relationships exists. Therapy includes both medical treatment and some form of psychotherapy. However, while acute problems often respond to medical intervention, many aspects of the anorectic condition are relatively refractory and some patients continue to have problems for much of their lives. PMID- 6622322 TI - Traveling with children. It's the little things that count. PMID- 6622324 TI - Asbestos exposure. An update on pleuropulmonary hazards. AB - Asbestos exposure is causally related to the development of asbestosis, bronchogenic carcinoma, malignant mesothelioma, and nonmalignant pleural disorders. Clinical and roentgenographic manifestations of asbestosis mimic other diffuse fibrotic lung diseases. However, a concomitant finding of pleural plaques strongly suggests the diagnosis. The manifestations of bronchogenic carcinoma related to asbestos exposure are varied and do not differ from those unrelated to asbestos exposure. Malignant mesothelioma signals previous asbestos exposure. Nonmalignant pleural disorders may not cause any symptoms but should alert the physician to other concurrent or potential asbestos-related diseases. To diagnose asbestos-related diseases, physicians should bear in mind the long latent period and should take a careful, comprehensive occupational and environmental history. Cigarette smoking markedly increases the risk for development of bronchogenic carcinoma in asbestos workers and increases the mortality due to asbestosis. PMID- 6622325 TI - Trigeminal neuralgia--earlier referral for surgery. AB - Patients with trigeminal neuralgia may be treated in many ways before referral for definitive surgery. This aspect has been looked at in a group of 140 consecutive patients. Patients on prolonged medication have been studied with respect to the period over which the pain occurred and the amount of carbamazepine taken. Earlier referral for surgery is recommended for some of these patients and guidelines are given. PMID- 6622327 TI - First branchial cleft anomaly. AB - A 15-year-old girl presented with a cystic swelling since birth behind the ramus of the right mandible and diagnosed clinically as a dermoid cyst. Surgical exploration, however, showed that it was closely related to the external auditory canal, with an extension running medially behind the parotid gland and ending in the bony middle ear. The facial nerve was closely related to the deep part of the cyst. Such an anatomical position indicates that this was a first branchial cleft anomaly. Surgical excision of the cyst was performed. PMID- 6622326 TI - Renal elimination of amiodarone and its desethyl metabolite. AB - Two patients in chronic renal failure receiving amiodarone for the treatment of refractory arrhythmias were commenced on dialysis, in one case, intermittent peritoneal dialysis, in the other, haemodialysis. Plasma concentrations of amiodarone and its desethyl metabolite were consistent with the dose received, whilst neither compound was recovered in the dialysate. In these patients and in 10 additional patients with normal renal function taking amiodarone, only negligible amounts of either compound were detected in urine. These findings suggest that amiodarone may be a suitable antiarrhythmic agent for use in patients with chronic renal failure. PMID- 6622328 TI - Coexisting retroperitoneal and mediastinal fibrosis. AB - A rare case of coexisting retroperitoneal and mediastinal fibrosis is reported. Increasing awareness of this association may lead to earlier recognition of significant symptoms and more effective therapy. PMID- 6622329 TI - Endobronchial involvement in Wegener's granulomatosis. AB - Right middle lobe collapse as a result of endobronchial involvement with Wegener's granulomatosis is reported in a 60-year-old woman. A review of the literature has revealed 6 cases of lobar collapse, only 2 of which had endobronchial disease. PMID- 6622330 TI - The antemortem diagnosis of pyogenic liver abscess due to perforation of the gut by a foreign body. AB - Perforation of the gastrointestinal tract by ingested foreign bodies is rare; the diagnosis of pyogenic liver abscess resulting from such perforations is usually made at post-mortem. We present a case of perforation of the gut, due to an ingested dental plate, with a resultant pyogenic liver abscess, which presented as a pyrexia of unknown origin. PMID- 6622332 TI - Hemichorea--a late sequel of an extradural haematoma. AB - Hemichorea developed several weeks after evacuation of a traumatic extradural haematoma. The abnormal movements were confined to arm and leg on the side opposite the surgery. No other causes of chorea were found. The connection between the extradural haematoma and the late onset hemichorea is not well understood; mechanical pressure on basal ganglia structures, vascular disturbances of the anterior choroidal artery as well as biochemical alterations are all possible mechanisms. PMID- 6622331 TI - Severe ulcerative colitis during successful pregnancy. AB - A 31-year-old patient presented with fulminant colitis during the 27th week of her first pregnancy. Despite failed medical treatment, colectomy was delayed because of the gravid uterus. A healthy child was delivered at 32 weeks by caesarian section, but a postoperative ileus appeared to induce transient colonic dilatation. A colectomy was performed 10 days post-partum. Both mother and child survived. PMID- 6622333 TI - Menetrier's disease and trichobezoar of stomach--an unusual association. AB - Hypertrophic gastropathy (Menetrier's disease) is a clinical and pathological curiosity. It is often seen in association with a variety of other disease processes. The authors here present a previously undescribed association of Menetrier's disease with trichobezoar in the stomach and small intestine. PMID- 6622334 TI - Multifocal fibrosclerosis and renal amyloidosis. AB - A 34-year-old female with a 14-year history of multifocal fibrosclerosis developed the nephrotic syndrome due to renal amyloidosis. Although the association between chronic inflammatory processes and amyloidosis is well known, this is the first report of amyloidosis occurring in a patient with multifocal fibrosclerosis. Other interesting features of this case are the involvement of subcutaneous adipose tissue in the inflammatory-fibrotic process and the presence of features of multifocal fibrosclerosis in the patient's twin sister. PMID- 6622335 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of the spermatic cord. AB - Leiomyosarcoma of the spermatic cord is extremely rare. We report a case associated with recurrent papillary bladder tumours and benign hyperplasia of the prostate. The use of adjuvant chemotherapy is described for the first time in the management of this condition. PMID- 6622336 TI - Cetrimide burn in an infant. PMID- 6622337 TI - Depression after stroke: a hospital treatment survey. AB - Treatment with anti-depressant drugs of 61 inpatients admitted on account of stroke was studied. Eighteen patients (30%) were being so treated. Only 5 patients (17%) with dysphasia were being treated with anti-depressant drugs compared with 13 patients (41%) without dysphasia (P less than 0.05). Dosage levels used were generally low and only one patient had been referred for a psychiatric opinion. We suggest that the difference in anti-depressant usage is because dysphasic patients are more difficult to assess and therefore less likely to have depressive symptoms recognized and treatment given. We also think that psychiatric referral should be used more often for assessment of stroke patients and for advice about treatment. PMID- 6622338 TI - An audit of a medical anticoagulant clinic in a District General Hospital. AB - The working and costs of the anticoagulant clinic at the Royal Gwent Hospital was reviewed over the period July 1980-June 1981. The hospital notes of the patients were reviewed and a questionnaire distributed to each patient. The majority of patients have cardiac valve problems or deep vein thrombosis, the latter sometimes being associated with pulmonary emboli. No major complications were reported during the year, but 9.7% reported rectal bleeding or haematuria. The annual cost of running the clinic is approximately 20,000 pounds and, if this is representative of Britain as a whole, about 3.75 million pounds is spent annually on anti-coagulation clinics. Several recommendations are made for improving the anticoagulant clinic service, which includes making sure that the doctor at the clinic and the patient are made aware of the reason for anticoagulation, its duration, and possible side effects and interactions with other drugs. PMID- 6622339 TI - Left ventricular thrombi after acute myocardial infarction. AB - Two-dimensional echocardiography was utilized in a prospective study to find the incidence, characteristics and natural history of left ventricular thrombus in 50 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction. The overall incidence of thrombosis was 14%; 19% in anterior and 5% in inferior infarction. The thrombus was detected at the apex in 4, along the ventricular septum in 2 and at both these sites in one patient. It was observed 3-10 days after the infarction. Thrombus at the ventricular septum, seen in this study, has not been reported previously in acute myocardial infarction. Development of apical and septal thrombi was significantly associated with akinesis of these sites. Only 2 patients with protruding thrombi had systemic embolism. We conclude that the apex as well as the septum are common sites for thrombosis in patients with severe wall motion abnormalities following acute anterior infarction. Careful observation of these sites during echocardiography may reveal thrombi prone for embolization. PMID- 6622340 TI - Extreme metabolic alkalosis with fludrocortisone therapy. AB - We present an unusual case of extreme metabolic alkalosis resulting from severe hypokalaemia caused by unmonitored fludrocortisone therapy. Biochemical aspects of the disorder are discussed, as is the successful treatment with diuretics and potassium replacement. Some dangers of this therapy and necessary precautions are emphasized. PMID- 6622341 TI - Occult pulmonary thromboembolism presenting as diffuse interstitial pneumonitis in cancer patients. AB - The prompt and accurate recognition of non-malignant complications is of critical importance in the care of cancer patients. Pulmonary thromboembolism is particularly important because it is common, treatable and frequently difficult to diagnose. Two patients are presented who died of recurrent pulmonary thromboemboli which were unrecognized because open lung biopsies showed diffused interstitial pneumonitis. The association of pulmonary thromboembolism and interstitial inflammation has been recognized at autopsy, and there are a number of plausible mechanisms which could link these processes. Interstitial pneumonitis should be added to the numerous protean manifestations with which pulmonary thromboembolism is associated. PMID- 6622342 TI - Spontaneous haemothorax in Osler-Weber-Rendu disease. AB - A case of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu disease) is described who presented with severe, central chest pain mimicking acute myocardial infarction, a presentation which has not been described before. He was found to have developed spontaneous haemothorax which is a very rare complication of this disease. PMID- 6622343 TI - Transient, selective factor X deficiency and acute liver failure following chest infection treated with erythromycin BP. AB - A 57-year-old man developed symptoms of a respiratory tract infection which was treated with erythromycin BP. He subsequently went into acute liver failure. Investigation of a very prolonged prothrombin time revealed a marked, selective factor X deficiency (1% of normal activity). He later recovered virtually normal liver function and completely normal factor X activity. PMID- 6622344 TI - Guillain-Barre syndrome associated with tuberculosis. AB - Two cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome occurring in association with chronic pulmonary tuberculosis are reported. A cell-mediated, delayed hypersensitivity reaction to, or invasion of the nerve roots by tubercle bacilli would seem to be the likely explanation of the neuropathy. PMID- 6622345 TI - Stridor and parkinsonism. AB - A patient is described with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and severe laryngeal stridor. Other than urinary frequency and urgency, not uncommon in this condition, and postoperative levodopa-sensitive postural hypotension, there were no features of generalized autonomic failure. The laryngeal stridor responded to levodopa therapy, and we are not aware that this has been reported previously. PMID- 6622346 TI - An unusual cause of arthritis. AB - We present a case of leprosy, an uncommon infection in the United Kingdom, which mimicked features of widely known rheumatic diseases and resulted in subsequent delay of diagnosis. PMID- 6622347 TI - Kingella kingae causing septic arthritis in Felty's syndrome. AB - A case of septic arthritis of the elbow caused by Kingella kingae, a Gram negative bacillus, is described. The patient had long-standing, severe rheumatoid arthritis and Felty's syndrome. This appears to be the first report from the United Kingdom of Kingella kingae as the aetiological agent of septic arthritis. PMID- 6622348 TI - Peroneal muscular atrophy associated with cardiac conducting tissue disease: further observations. PMID- 6622349 TI - Phaeochromocytoma of the urinary bladder localized by selective venous sampling and computed tomography. AB - Clinical and biochemical evidence of a catecholamine-secreting tumour was documented in a 19-year-old female presenting with malignant hypertension. The tumour was successfully localized to the pelvis by means of plasma noradrenaline assay from multiple sites, after previous attempts at localization had failed. Subsequently, computed tomographic (CT) scan allowed correct pre-operative localization to the urinary bladder. PMID- 6622350 TI - An unusually severe case of the cast syndrome. AB - A severe case of the cast syndrome is described following Harrington rod distraction and application of a body cast. The case was unusual as it presented late with no warning symptoms and progressed rapidly to death. PMID- 6622351 TI - [Amyloidosis and its bronchopulmonary localizations. Apropos of 3 cases]. AB - Amyloidosis of the lower respiratory tract is a rare condition. We report three new cases and we review the literature. Tracheobronchial amyloidosis is the most frequent form. The diagnostic is made by fiberoscopy and biopsies with a risk of bleeding. Our patients were usually treated with intermittent bronchoscopic resections. In one of the three cases reported, desobstruction of the large airway was performed with laser. Nodular pulmonary amyloidosis is usually asymptomatic, and surgical resection results in cure in all cases. Diffuse pulmonary amyloidosis is very unusual and fatal. PMID- 6622352 TI - [South American blastomycosis. Apropos of new cases]. AB - Twenty-seven cases of South American blastomycosis are reported. Pulmonary lesions predominate and the diagnosis rests on the findings of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in sputum and tissues. Serological examinations (complement fixation and immunodiffusion) are also useful. Treatment includes sulphonamides, imidazole derivatives and, in cases resistant to these drugs, Amphotericin B. Surgery is limited to abscesses, bone lesions and bronchial stenoses. PMID- 6622353 TI - [Chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathies as manifestations of a Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - The authors report two cases of Sjogren's syndrome presenting as chronic obstructive bronchopulmonary disease. They stress the need to consider the possibility of Sjogren's syndrome when confronted with chronic obstructive lung disease in a woman in her fifties, without history of bronchopulmonary disease or smoking, unexposed to occupational dust and without ENT infection or gastro oesophageal reflux. PMID- 6622354 TI - [Cockett's syndrome. Clinical and radiologic aspects]. AB - Cockett's syndrome is due to compression of the left common iliac vein by the left iliac artery. Anatomical factors and venous anomalies contribute to the venous obstruction. Clinical symptoms only develop in cases with marked compression; they consist of functional disorders predominant in the left lower limb and, frequently, recurrent oedema. The compression may be revealed by complications such as deep thrombosis of the iliac vein or veins of the calf, or pulmonary embolism. The diagnosis is made by phlebo-ilio-cavography. PMID- 6622355 TI - [Pulmonary arteriovenous aneurysm]. AB - A case of large arteriovenous aneurysm in the right upper lobe of a 27-year old man is reported. The pulmonary angioma was responsible for a 30% shunt with hypoxia and polycythaemia but was only discovered while looking for the origin of a cerebral abscess. A few weeks after surgical treatment of the cerebral abscess, the right upper lobe was excised with immediate correction of the hypoxia. This case shows that pulmonary angiomas can sometimes be revealed by neurological complications, and that visceral angiomas should not remain undiagnosed. They should be considered as part of a Rendu-Osler disease, the familial character of which may contribute to an early diagnosis. PMID- 6622356 TI - [Isolated azygos continuation of the inferior vena cava]. AB - The finding, on systemic X-ray examination of a 20-years ol Algerian patient, of an opaque image along the right side of the suprahilar trachea led to the discovery of a rare abnormality of venous return known as azygos continuation of the inferior vena cava. The opacity was ovoid in shape, 4 X 1.7 cm in dimension, well circumscribed and homogeneous. It shrunk during a Valsalva's manoeuvre and increased in size when the patient was lying down. Angiography through the femoral vein showed that the inferior vena cava was interrupted below the liver and continued with the azygos vein. No other cardiovascular abnormality was detected and the situs was normal. Although rare or unrecognized because it is asymptomatic, azygos continuation of the inferior vena cava is the most common of congenital abnormalities of that vessel. It was described initially by Stark in 1835 and remained an anatomical curiosity until 1950. Since the development of vascular opacification techniques, it has been more frequently diagnosed, particularly in children, where it is usually associated with congenital heart disease and/or abnormal situs. Our case is peculiar in that no congenital abnormalities were present. PMID- 6622357 TI - [Reexpansion unilateral pulmonary edema]. AB - One case of unilateral pulmonary oedema a vacuo is reported and the 38 cases published in the literature are reviewed. Contributing factors are essential, the main ones being the duration and severity of lung collapse and the rate of reexpansion. The clinical signs and symptoms are described, together with the various possible courses of the disease, and the severity factors are deduced from 8 lethal cases. A therapeutic approach is proposed but not formalised, since pathophysiological data are still scarce. PMID- 6622358 TI - [Traumatic pneumatoceles of the lung. apropos of a case]. AB - Pneumatocele, a special form of lung injury, is characterized by intrathoracic images of cavities detected on X-ray films. These cavities develop immediately after a trauma of the thorax, disappear rapidly and have a relatively favourable outcome. PMID- 6622359 TI - Effects of feather cover and insulative jackets on metabolic rate of laying hens. AB - Two experiments were conducted to determine the influence of feather cover and newly-devised insulative jackets on the heat production in Single Comb White Leghorn laying hens at 20 C. An open-circuit calorimeter was used to measure the gaseous exchange of the birds. With ad libitum feeding, birds with clipped back and breast feathers produced 6% more heat than did normally feathered hens. This difference was removed by placing jackets on the defeathered birds. The jackets also decreased the surface temperature of the feather-clipped areas, indicating an effective insulation. When the jackets were applied to naturally poor feathered hens, fasting heat production decreased significantly, but not to the base level of that of normally feathered hens. PMID- 6622360 TI - Restricted feeding of broiler breeders. AB - Two experiments were conducted to compare the effects of various feed restriction programs during the growing and laying periods on body weight, egg production, fertility, and hatchability. In the first experiment, Cobb color-sexed broiler breeders were fed one of three grower programs (full feed, skip-a-day, or low protein) from 8 to 24 weeks of age. Two layer programs (full feed and restricted) were fed from 24 to 67 weeks of age. Overall the skip-a-day grower treatment gave the best results of the programs tested. This treatment resulted in the significantly lowest body weights, greatest delay in sexual maturity, and highest egg production and fertility. The restricted layer treatment resulted in lower body weight, delayed sexual maturity, lower egg production during the colder months, and higher fertility and hatchability of fertile eggs. In the second experiment, Cobb color-sexed broiler breeders were fed one of three skip-a-day grower treatments (control or breeder's recommendations, control minus 10%, control minus 20%) from 8 to 24 weeks of age. Two layer programs (full feed and restricted) were fed from 24 to 51 weeks of age. Overall, the control minus 20% treatment resulted in significantly delayed sexual maturity and significantly decreased body weight. The restricted layer treatment also significantly delayed sexual maturity and decreased body weight. PMID- 6622361 TI - Economic evaluation of total confinement and open range turkey production systems in Georgia. AB - An economic analysis of confinement and range turkey production systems was made for both tom and hen turkeys marketed in Georgia. Physical and economic differences were compared for total confinement and open range turkey production systems on a commercial scale. Georgia growers contract to grow a specified number of turkeys in total confinement to market in winter and spring months so processing plants can operate year-round. However, a larger number of turkeys are marketed during the summer and fall months. Many producers in parts of Georgia and other Southeastern states have changed from range systems to total confinement houses, which reduce any natural climatic advantages that the region has in open range production. This research revealed that total labor requirements are almost the same for the two systems. However, market weights for tom turkeys grown on range during the 1978 to 1981 period averaged .77 kg (1.7 lb) heavier with a .09 lower feed conversion than shown for total confinement flocks. Total production costs in 1981 excluding land and labor cost, with feed valued at $.22/kg ($.10/lb) for tom turkeys averaged $.0457/kg ($.0207/lb) lower for open range flocks than total confinement flocks. Performance records and cost analyses indicated that Georgia producers can grow both tom and hen turkeys to heavier weights more efficiently on open range than in total confinement for marketing during the summer, fall, and early winter months. PMID- 6622362 TI - The effect of ambient temperature and energy level on reproduction in Red-Legged partridges. AB - The effects of temperature and dietary energy on various reproductive parameters were studied in Red-Legged partridges (Alectoris graeca) reared in three environmental chambers at either 18.3, 23.9, or 29.5 C. These birds were then cycled through two consecutive production periods. In Period 1, at 38 weeks of age, the birds in each chamber, 118 pair total, were divided into four subgroups and fed a diet containing either 2600, 2800, 3000, or 3200 kcal/kg of metabolizable energy. The energy to protein ratio was held constant at 186. In Period 2, at 63 weeks of age, chambers with the lowest and highest temperatures were changed from 18.3 to 15.6 C and 29.5 to 32.2 C, respectively. Only the lowest and highest energy diets were used. In both periods, the birds kept at higher temperatures and fed the high energy diets consumed significantly less feed (P less than .05) than the other comparable groups. Hatchability was significantly higher (P less than .05) in groups fed the 3000 and 3200 kcal/kg diets as compared to the 2600 kcal/kg diet group. In Period 2, egg production increased in all groups, but birds kept at 32.2 C laid significantly fewer (P less than .05) eggs per bird than those kept at 15.6 and 23.9 C, respectively. The best performance, as measured by salable chicks produced per hen, was obtained in the group kept under a constant temperature of 23.9 C and fed the high energy diet (3200 kcal/kg). PMID- 6622363 TI - Effects of feed restriction on production performance of replacement pullets. AB - Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of feed restriction on production performance of egg production pullets. In Experiment 1, two brown-egg strains (A and B) were subjected to full feeding, a restricted duration of feeding program, and a quantitative feed restriction program. Two White Leghorn strains (C and D) were subjected to full feeding and restricted duration of feeding only. For Experiment 2, only strains B and D were used and an additional restricted duration of feeding program was studied. Pullets were maintained on these programs to 20 weeks of age. Production data were collected to 66 and 62 weeks of age for Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Restricted duration of feeding was found to depress body weight by 2 to 3%, and quantitative feed restriction depressed body weight by 5% with feed intake depressed by the same magnitudes. Feed restriction at these levels had no significant effects on hen day or hen-housed egg production, egg weight, egg mass, or egg grades. Net egg income over feed cost was significantly improved by feed restriction in Experiment 2. Pullets on quantitative restriction produced the greatest returns. This was due to increased numbers of large eggs and the decrease in rearing feed consumption. Feed restriction had no effect on mortality or sexual maturity. Feed consumption, body weight, egg weight, and economic returns were higher for the heavy strain of pullets. Mortality was highest within the light strains. PMID- 6622364 TI - Tibial dyschondroplasia in growing chickens experimentally intoxicated with tetramethylthiuram disulfide. AB - Graded levels of tetramethylthiuram disulfide (0, 30, 60, 120, and 240 ppm) were incorporated into a broiler starter ration fed to chickens from one day old to 8 weeks of age. Clinical signs of leg abnormalities were observed as early as 5 days after the beginning of the trial. After the 3rd week, the joints were shown to present lesions, especially in the femorotibial articulation, comparable to the ones found in perosis. Tibiotarsus and other organs from the birds were examined for pathological changes at weekly intervals. Histologically, the tibiotarsus has shown an osteochondrodystrophy identical to that of tibial dyschondroplasia (TD), although it varied according to the level of tetramethylthiuram disulfide. The histopathology of the thyroid gland of the chickens involved in the present experiment will be reported in a separate manuscript. PMID- 6622365 TI - The influence of cage versus floor pen management of broiler breeder hens on subsequent performance of cage reared broilers. AB - Chicks from breeder hens maintained in cages or floor pens were reared in Lohman battery cages in three separate trials. The ages of the breeder flock at the time of egg collection were 29, 36, and 54 weeks, respectively. The fertility of the artificially inseminated caged hens was significantly (P less than .05) lower than that of the naturally mated hens. The source of hatching eggs had no effect on early embryonic mortality, feed conversion, or growing period mortality in any broiler trials. Hatchability of all eggs set was significantly (P less than .05) lower for caged breeders in Trials 2 and 3. In all trials, eggs from caged hens produced significantly (P less than .05) larger day-old chicks than their floor housed counterparts; however, these chicks were significantly (P less than .05) heavier at slaughter only in Trial 2. Carcass evaluations for breast blisters, keel malformations, and leg abnormalities revealed that the severity of each condition was associated with the sex of the broiler and that, within sexes, maternal housing management had no effect. PMID- 6622366 TI - Influence of increasing dietary calcium and magnesium levels on performance, mineral metabolism, and egg mineral content of laying hens. AB - The effects of increasing dietary magnesium level from .17 to .77% and calcium level from 3 to 4.2% for laying hens over a 7-week period was investigated. Increasing either dietary magnesium or calcium level had no significant effect (P greater than .05) on feed consumption, egg production, egg weight, or egg shell deformation. Increasing dietary magnesium level had no significant effect on calcium retention, although there was a significant (P less than .01) reduction in the percentage of magnesium retained. Egg shell calcium content was significantly (P less than .01) reduced and shell magnesium significantly (P less than .05) increased in response to increase in dietary magnesium content. Increasing dietary magnesium level also significantly (P less than .01) reduced bone calcium and zinc contents while concomitantly increasing bone magnesium levels. Bone ash and calcium were significantly (P less than .05) increased and bone magnesium reduced when the calcium content of the diet was increased. Plasma calcium was significantly (P less than .01) increased in dietary calcium level and significantly decreased with increased dietary magnesium. The converse was true for plasma magnesium in response to increases in dietary calcium and magnesium. Significant positive correlations were observed between mineral contents of diet and bone, bone and plasma, and plasma and shell. A negative correlation was observed between shell magnesium level and egg shell quality as assessed by deformation. An antagonistic relationship seems to exist between calcium and magnesium, and this is discussed in relation to skeletal integrity and egg shell quality. PMID- 6622367 TI - Effects of unidentified growth factor sources on feed preference of chicks. AB - The effect on feed preference of various feed ingredients considered to be sources of unidentified growth factors (UGF) was studied with egg-type chicks. In each experiment five or six pens of 20 males were assigned to each treatment. All chicks were fed a corn-soy basal diet with added fat during days 1 to 13. During days 14 to 21 chicks of the test treatment were offered a choice of the basal diet (Feeder 1) or a test diet with one of the UGF sources (Feeder 2). In pens of the control treatment both feeders contained the basal diet. All diets were approximately equal in calculated nutrient composition. The UGF sources, included at 5% of the diet, were meat and bone meal (MBM); fish solubles and meal (FSM); a commercial mixture made from fish, whey, and fermentation products (UGF mix); and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). Each day feed consumption from each of the feeders was measured and their positions were alternated. Chicks showed a significant preference for FSM and UGF mix in two trials, no preference for MBM in one trial, and no preference for DDGS in one trial, and a significant rejection of DDGS in the other. No differences in weight gain were noted. The MBM decreased gain/feed and DDGS increased total feed intake in one of two trials. These studies indicate that some UGF sources improve feed preference in chicks fed practical diets. PMID- 6622368 TI - Effect of exercise on aortic atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular variables among hyper- and hypotensive turkeys. AB - Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of physical training on the turkey cardiovascular system. Sexually mature (Experiment 1) and immature (Experiment 2) Large White turkeys were used. Equal numbers of genetically hypertensive and hypotensive birds were used in each experiment. In each experimental group, birds were randomly divided into exercise and control treatments. Assessments were made with regard to training effects and differences associated with genetic blood pressure strain. Exercise had no significant effect on the severity of atherosclerosis or serum lipid levels in either experiment. Significantly greater hematocrits were recorded among birds exercised in Experiment 1; however, hemoglobin concentration did not follow this trend. Exercise was also associated with increased cardiac dimensions (Experiment 1) and increased body weight (Experiment 2). Genetic hypertension was associated with accelerated atherogenesis and higher serum cholesterol levels in immature birds, and in mature birds cardiac enlargement was associated with hypertension. Differences in behavior response to exercise were observed between the two experiments. Sexually mature hypertensive turkeys showed less endurance to the walking regimen than the hypotensive turkeys, but no such differences were observed in immature hypertensive or hypotensive birds. PMID- 6622369 TI - Beltsville poultry semen extender. 9. Effect of storage temperature on turkey semen held eighteen hours. AB - Turkey semen was collected, diluted 1:1 with Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender, and held for 0 or 18 hr at 5, 15, 25, or 35 C. Changes in spermatozoa motility and sperm numbers were monitored before and after holding. All hens were artificially inseminated (AI) with 250 X 10(6) spermatozoa three times the first week and once weekly thereafter for a total of 20 weeks. No significant differences were observed in candling fertility (85 vs. 82%) of hens AI with unstored semen or semen held at 5 C for 18 hr. Significant depression of fertility levels to 41 and 40% were noted in hens AI with semen stored at 15 and 25 C, respectively. No fertile eggs were obtained from hens AI with semen held at 35 C for 18 hr. Sperm motility scores were not different between the unstored controls and samples held at 5 C (62 vs. 64%). Samples held at 15 and 25 C had motility scores of 40 and 8%, respectively. Samples held at 35 C for 18 hr were immotile. As semen holding temperature increased from 5 to 35 C, sperm numbers decreased during the 18 hr holding period by 11, 16, 28, and 45% of the unstored control. The decrease in sperm numbers during the 18-hr holding period was speculated to be the result of sperm aging which was compounded by sample agitation during storage. The methodology used for determining sperm numbers did not adversely influence the results. PMID- 6622370 TI - Performance and energy needs of 20-week-old male turkeys at different environmental temperatures. AB - Performance of male 20-week-old B.U.T. turkeys at different environmental temperatures was evaluated. Weight gain was severely depressed by a constant 35 C but was also lower at 27 C than at 10 and 20 C. Feed efficiency hardly changed between 10 and 20 C but was depressed at the higher temperatures. The calculated energy needs for maintenance were only slightly reduced at 20 C compared with 10 C, but they declined continuously with an increase in temperature up to 35 C. PMID- 6622371 TI - The atopic patient. Identification and preliminary diagnosis. PMID- 6622372 TI - Allergy and the skin. PMID- 6622373 TI - A Mini Peak Flow Meter on every desk. PMID- 6622374 TI - The clinical diagnosis and treatment of rhinitis. PMID- 6622375 TI - Immunoglobulin E measurements in hay fever patients. PMID- 6622376 TI - [Cough symptoms in the population: results of a representative survey of 10016 citizens of West Germany]. PMID- 6622377 TI - [Clinical course of lung metastasis during chemotherapy observed through thorax radiography]. PMID- 6622379 TI - [Breaking the habit of smoking with a nicotine-containing chewing gum]. PMID- 6622378 TI - [Immunologic and pathophysiologic studies of employees of a poultry farm. 2: Diagnostic lung function tests]. PMID- 6622380 TI - [Administrative measures to promote preference for tuberculin tests for teachers within the scope of paragraph 47 of the Federal Communicable Disease Law]. PMID- 6622381 TI - [Extrapulmonary manifestations of sarcoidosis]. PMID- 6622382 TI - [Allergic alveolitis in the hard metal industry?]. PMID- 6622383 TI - [Effect of sauna baths on respiratory function in children with asthma syndrome]. PMID- 6622384 TI - [Pharmacology of ethylenediamine and its interaction with theophylline]. PMID- 6622385 TI - [Psychological care of the child ill with cancer]. PMID- 6622386 TI - [Departments of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in a clinic: tasks--needs- problems]. PMID- 6622387 TI - [The image of the child guidance clinic among the public and from the viewpoint of clients and counselors]. PMID- 6622388 TI - [Type of relation in analytic child psychotherapy]. PMID- 6622389 TI - [Use and process evaluation of a self control program in enuresis diurna]. PMID- 6622390 TI - Variables influencing growth and morphology of colonies of cells from human amniotic fluid. AB - Growth of cells from amniotic fluid was studied with respect to cell concentration in the inoculum, blood contamination of the fluid, fluid colour, fluid clarity, gestational age of the pregnancy, and growth factors. Dependent variables measured were colony formation, colony size, and colony morphology after 7, 11, and 14 days of culture. The following conclusions were established from these studies: small sample volumes are the most efficient for producing colonies; cells from very bloody or dark brown fluids have a slower rate of growth; growth of cells from cloudy (noncontaminated) fluids is better than growth of cells from clear fluids; the proportion of colonies that are epithelioid varies with gestational age; the stimulating effect of 100 ng/ml fibroblast growth factor on cells from amniotic fluid was confirmed. PMID- 6622391 TI - Prenatal exclusion of homocystinuria (cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency) by assay of phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated fetal lymphocytes. AB - Homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency was excluded in a fetus at 23 weeks' gestation by demonstrating activity of the enzyme in fetal lymphocytes after stimulation by phytohaemagglutinin. Fetal blood sampling was carried out because two determinations of enzyme activity on cultured amniotic cells gave low, not fully diagnostic values. PMID- 6622392 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of X-linked mental retardation with fragile (X) using fetoscopy and fetal blood sampling. AB - Pure fetal blood, (uncontaminated with maternal blood), was obtained from two male fetuses at risk for X-linked mental retardation with fragile(X) at Xq27-28 by direct vision fetoscopy and fetal blood sampling. Both were shown to have this fragile site on the X chromosome while nine other fetal blood samples from pregnancies at risk for other X-linked diseases, or haemoglobinopathies did not show fragile sites at Xq27-28, and a blood sample from an abortus showed only 1 fragile site in 95 mitoses. Both pregnancies were terminated, cultures established from fetal tissues, and the diagnosis confirmed in each case. The problems of demonstrating the fragile site in tissues other than fetal blood in these pregnancies (such as amniotic fluid cells or fibroblasts from fetal tissues) are discussed. PMID- 6622393 TI - Sonographic diagnosis of cystic adenomatoid malformation in-utero. AB - Routine ultrasound examination at 30 weeks gestation revealed an intrapulmonary cystic mass in an otherwise normal fetus. Following delivery at term, the diagnosis of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the right lung was confirmed, and an elective right middle lobectomy successfully performed at nine days of age. PMID- 6622394 TI - Maternal contamination in prenatal diagnosis. PMID- 6622395 TI - Can infantile hereditary agranulocytosis be diagnosed prenatally? AB - Fetoscopy and fetal blood sampling were performed in an attempt at prenatal monitoring of a pregnancy at risk for infantile hereditary agranulocytosis (Kostmann's disease). In smears of fetal blood three segmented neutrophils were found out of 200 nucleated cells (1 1/2 per cent). Their presence, although in a lower percentage than in six age-matched controls, was considered to indicate that the fetus was not affected. The newborn infant has developed normally and at the age of four months has a normal number of segmented neutrophils in his peripheral blood. Feasibility of prenatal diagnosis of infantile hereditary agranulocytosis is discussed. PMID- 6622396 TI - Amniotic fluid calcium concentration in the prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. AB - Calcium concentrations were measured in supernatant amniotic fluid in order to establish whether they may be used as a marker for cystic fibrosis. No difference in values were found, whether the sample was derived from a normal pregnancy or from a pregnancy which resulted in a baby affected with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 6622397 TI - Fetoscopy and fetal blood sampling in the management of a twin pregnancy with 45,X/46,XX amniotic fluid cell mosaicism and a suspected fluid sampling error. AB - A 37 year-old woman with a twin pregnancy underwent amniocentesis to exclude fetal chromosome abnormality. The results indicated that both fetuses were mosaics, with 45,X and 46,XX, cell lines. Since it was suspected from the ultrasound scan that the twins were dizygotic, the result was questioned. Fetoscopy and fetal blood sampling were performed and karyotyping the fetal lymphocytes confirmed that one twin was indeed a mosaic, 45,X/46,XX, but the other had a normal male chromosome complement. The pregnancy resulted in the birth of a phenotypically normal girl, in whom the 45,X/46,XX mosaicism was confirmed, and a normal boy. PMID- 6622398 TI - Amniotic fluid protease activity and the prenatal detection of cystic fibrosis. AB - Changes in the protease activity in amniotic fluid has been proposed as a valid method for the prenatal detection of cystic fibrosis (CF). We have studied by quantitative and qualitative procedures, sixty four amniotic fluids: two of them from CF-affected fetuses. Interpretation of the benzoyl arginine ethyl ester (BAEE)-staining patterns after isoelectric focusing was often difficult, and repeated experiments gave variable results. In order to improve gel discrimination, we performed amniotic fluid electrofocusing in the presence of detergents: 0.1 per cent Triton X-100, 0.1 per cent DOC, or 0.1 per cent SDS. In these conditions, the pattern revealed by BAEE was modified, but no differences were observed between CF and normal amniotic fluids. PMID- 6622399 TI - Fetal movements and chromosome anomalies. PMID- 6622400 TI - Increased risk of abortion after genetic amniocentesis in twin pregnancies. AB - Forty-seven twin pregnancies among 3676 patients who had a genetic amniocentesis between 1973 and 1979, are reported. The detection rate of twins at the time of amniocentesis was 62 per cent. Five (17 per cent) of the 29 women with detected twin pregnancy aborted spontaneously, these are compared with 1 (6 per cent) of 18 women with undetected twin pregnancies and with 3 (3 per cent) of 93 singleton pregnancies, selected as controls as they had amniocentesis performed immediately before and after each of the twin mothers. Two of 9 (22 per cent) twin pregnancies, who had at least two punctures in at least one sac aborted, while 3 of 20 twin pregnancies with one puncture in each sac aborted (15 per cent). One of 18 (6 per cent) twin pregnancies, where only one sac was punctured, because the twin pregnancies were undetected, aborted. Amniocentesis of both sacs in twin pregnancies seems associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion. The indications for amniocentesis in twin pregnancies should be critically evaluated. PMID- 6622401 TI - The safety of fetoscopy: (I). Effect of umbilical vessel puncture on the fetal heart rate and cord histology. AB - The fetal heart rate (FHR) was continuously monitored during 42 umbilical vessel punctures performed at the placental insertion of the cord in 24 diagnostic fetoscopies in which pure fetal blood was obtained. In only one patient did a deceleration first appear during puncture and aspiration of fetal blood. In two patients decelerations preceded fetoscopy and in two others they began during the fetoscopy but before puncture of an umbilical vessel. In 19 patients, the FHR did not change at all during the procedure. Fetal haemorrhage after sampling was either absent or minimal. Six pregnancies were terminated because a positive diagnosis had been made and 18 healthy babies were born. Umbilical cords were examined after 7 terminations of pregnancy and after 6 deliveries. In the former group the puncture could just be seen with the naked eye and the needle track was demonstrated histologically in 6. No traces of the puncture or other abnormalities were found in the cords after delivery. Fetal blood sampling from umbilical cord vessels, particularly at the placental insertion of the cord, is the technique of choice since pure fetal blood can be obtained without increasing the risk of fetoscopy. PMID- 6622402 TI - The safety of fetoscopy: (II). Effect on maternal plasma levels of 13,14-dihydro 15-oxo-prostaglandin F2 alpha. AB - The concentration of 13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM) was measured by radioimmunoassay in peripheral plasma in 62 pregnant women undergoing diagnostic fetoscopy. The mean concentration of PGFM before fetoscopy was 410.1 +/- 115.8 pmol/l (mean +/- S.D.) and the corresponding values at 10 and 20 min following the procedure were 440.9 +/- 125.6 and 394.4 +/- 103.3 pmol/l respectively; these differences were not statistically significant. Neither was there a significant change in the pre-fetoscopy concentration of PGFM in relation to gestational age between the 14th and 23rd week of pregnancy. PMID- 6622403 TI - Routine chromosome analysis on fetal blood microaliquots obtained at fetoscopy. AB - A routine study of the fetal karyotype was performed on samples obtained at 64 fetoscopic procedures. In 13 cases only pure amniotic fluid was available for the cultures, while in the remaining 51 cases the chromosome analysis was carried out on PHA-stimulated lymphocyte microcultures set up with any excess fetal blood above the requirements for globin-chain synthesis. Karyotype could be determined on fetal lymphocytes in 44 cases (86 per cent). All the fetuses were chromosomally normal. This experience shows that cytogenetic analysis using microaliquots of fetal blood is a relatively simple technique which should be introduced into routine prenatal diagnosis by fetoscopy. PMID- 6622404 TI - Fetal chromosome analysis: screening for chromosome disease? AB - The aim of the study was to investigate the rationale of the current indications for fetal chromosome analysis. 5372 women had 5423 amniocentesis performed, this group constituting a consecutive sample at the chromosome laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen from March 1973 to September 1980 (Group A + B). Pregnant women 35 years of age, women who previously had a chromosomally abnormal child, families with translocation carriers or other heritable chromosomal disease, families where the father was 50 years or more and women in families with a history of Down's syndrome (group A), were compared to women having amniocentesis, although considered not to have any increased risk of fetal chromosome abnormality (1390 pregnancies, group B). They were also compared with 750 consecutive pregnancies in women 25-34 years of age, in whom all heritable diseases were excluded (group C). The risk of unbalanced chromosome abnormality in group A (women with elevated risk) is significantly higher than in group B + C (women without elevated risk) (relative risk 2.4). Women with a known familial translocation and women 40 years or more have a relative risk of 5.7 of having an unbalanced chromosome abnormality compared with women without elevated risk. Spontaneous abortion rate and prematurity rate did not differ from rates expected without amniocentesis. It is concluded that current indications may be characterized as a mixture of evident high risk factors and factors with only a minor influence on risk. Indications for amniocentesis should therefore be reconsidered. Because it must be considered impractical and ethically wrong to limit amniocentesis to the two mentioned real high risk groups, and illogical to continue to present policy, which is not based on clearcut evidence, the possibility of offering amniocentesis to all who want it, is discussed. Screening for chromosome disease in all pregnancies is not without problems, but may be reasonable in some localities. PMID- 6622405 TI - Early prenatal detection of diastrophic dysplasia. AB - Diastrophic dysplasia, an autosomal recessive disorder, results in severe short limbed dwarfism, progressive spinal and joint problems, and secondary psychosocial disability. The results of treatments are unsatisfactory. Four pregnant mothers at risk for an affected fetus were studied with an ultrasound scanner at 16 and 19 weeks of gestation. Each mother had a previous child with diastrophic dysplasia. The biparietal distance and the length of the long bones of the extremities were normal in three fetuses, whereas in one fetus there was a 30 per cent shortening of all long bones. The biparietal distance corresponded with the gestational age in all fetuses. In one fetus, diastrophic dysplasia was confirmed by fetoscopy and fetal radiograph at 19 weeks of gestation after the parents had decided to terminate the pregnancy. The skeletal radiograph and autopsy findings of the fetus verified the diagnosis. All other mothers were followed with repeated ultrasound examinations, and they delivered healthy babies. The retrospective follow-up of the four previous pregnancies and of the present one with affected fetuses disclosed that two mothers had had vaginal bleeding, two lymphedema, one abdominal pains, and one mother had had polyhydramnios. These complications were, however, mild and transient, and they could not be regarded as specific for pregnancies with affected fetuses. PMID- 6622406 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of X-linked hydrocephaly. AB - A case of X-linked hydrocephaly is presented. Early second trimester evaluation of the size of the lateral cerebral ventricles resulted in one male fetus continuing further normal development and one male fetus being aborted because of progressive hydrocephaly. The affected fetus was characterized by cerebral ventricular dilation without aqueductal stenosis. This case history shows the feasibility of early monitoring of pregnancies at risk of X-linked hydrocephaly. In some cases, ventricular enlargement rather than aqueductal stenosis may be the primary lesion. PMID- 6622407 TI - Cystic hygroma simulating an encephalocele. AB - An ultrasound examination at 17 weeks gestation on a woman with a family history of spina bifida suggested that the fetus had a closed encephalocele. Amniotic fluid alphafetoprotein, rapidly adhering cells and acetylcholinesterase gel electrophoresis were normal. The pregnancy was terminated and the fetus was found to have a large cystic hygroma. It is suggested that in counselling parents of an infant or fetus with a cystic hygroma and with a normal chromosome constitution, ultrasound examination in future pregnancies is advisable, because of the possibility of autosomal recessive inheritance. PMID- 6622408 TI - Human chromosomes in prenatal diagnosis: a one step high resolution technique. AB - A simple high resolution technique for human chromosomes is described for fibroblasts obtained from amniotic fluid cell cultures. The application and clinical significance of this technique in prenatal diagnosis is discussed. PMID- 6622409 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of lethal osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) by ultrasonography. AB - Ultrasonography was performed during the second trimester (17 weeks) in a pregnancy at risk for osteogenesis imperfecta congenita (OI). The scan showed that the femur was short, bent and dense. Radiologic examination of the fetus after interruption of pregnancy showed typical X-ray changes of OI. PMID- 6622410 TI - Preparation of high resolution chromosomes from amniotic fluid cells. AB - A relatively simple method of obtaining high resolution chromosomes from amniotic fluid cells is described. The elongated chromosomes are achieved by adding ethidium bromide (5 micrograms/ml) to the culture 4 1/2 hours before harvesting and the high resolution banding can be produced by usual banding procedures. PMID- 6622411 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of sex-linked hydrocephalus. PMID- 6622412 TI - Confessions of a genetic counsellor. PMID- 6622413 TI - [Child abuse]. PMID- 6622414 TI - [Are schistosomiases debilitating diseases?]. PMID- 6622415 TI - [Motor neglect: a new look at movement disorders]. PMID- 6622416 TI - Perianal and ano-rectal condyloma acuminata. PMID- 6622417 TI - [The effect of social security systems on psychosomatic disorders]. PMID- 6622418 TI - [The effect of social security systems on psychosomatic disorders with reference to the example of the myocardial infarction syndrome]. PMID- 6622419 TI - [Relation between medicine and social security systems]. PMID- 6622421 TI - [Radioactivity 1982]. PMID- 6622420 TI - [Effect of social security systems on the demand for medical care]. PMID- 6622423 TI - [Status of chemotherapy in inoperable non-small cell bronchial carcinoma]. PMID- 6622422 TI - [The lung and the environment]. PMID- 6622424 TI - [A case from practice (14)]. PMID- 6622425 TI - [Epileptic and non-epileptic crises. Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 6622426 TI - [Value and limits of EEG in the diagnosis of epilepsy]. PMID- 6622427 TI - [Indications for monotherapy or polytherapy in epilepsy]. PMID- 6622428 TI - Structural changes in the placenta of smoking mothers: a quantitative study. AB - Placentae of matched pairs of smoking and non-smoking mothers have been investigated by quantitative light microscopic techniques. A smaller diameter of the villous capillaries, a decrease in vasculosyncytial membranes and basement membrane thickening were observed in the placenta of smoking mothers. Quantitative morphometric methods showed a significant decrease in volume density of the fetal vessels in the terminal villi of the smoker's placenta. The exchange area of the smoker's placenta was shown to be decreased. The pathophysiological mechanisms leading to these changes and the possible role of toxic agents (i.e., cadmium) are discussed. PMID- 6622429 TI - The ultrastructural demonstration of placental phospholipids in preterm, term and eclamptic pregnancies. AB - Using a technique for the retention and visualization of aqueously soluble phospholipids the localization of phospholipids has been studied in placentae from preterm, term, and eclamptic pregnancies. Phospholipid accumulations at 32 weeks appear solely in the syncytiotrophoblast but as gestation increases phospholipids are found in an increased number of tissue compartments. By term, granules are seen in syncytiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, capillary endothelium, and the subtrophoblastic stroma. Two placentae from eclamptic pregnancies at 32 weeks demonstrate phospholipid localizations very similar to those found in the normal placenta at term. Additional non-straining lipid inclusions are seen within vascular pericytes in placentae from patients with eclampsia. The findings observed in the 32-week placentae from eclamptic pregnancies may be due to accelerated phospholipid metabolism, synthesis, or storage. PMID- 6622430 TI - Measurement of the mass of syncytiotrophoblast in a range of human placentae using an image analysing computer. AB - Placentae from normal term pregnancies, from "normal" preterm pregnancies and from pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia have been analysed by computerized histometry. An immunoperoxidase technique was used to stain specifically human placental lactogen in the syncytiotrophoblast. The percentage and mass of syncytiotrophoblast were measured using an image analysing computer. The percentage of syncytiotrophoblast was found to be remarkably constant throughout gestation. Strong evidence was found that a linear relationship exists between syncytiotrophoblast mass and gestation period and that on average pre-eclampsia placentae have a lower percentage and a reduced mass of syncytiotrophoblast. PMID- 6622431 TI - The transfer of calcium during perfusion of the placenta and intact and thyroparathyroidectomized sheep. AB - Placental perfusions were carried out in six ewes during the last two weeks of gestation. Perfusions were carried out using autologous fetal blood and the flow rates adjusted to give a perfusion pressure of 50--70 mmHg. Perfusion plasma calcium concentrations rose steadily throughout the perfusions achieving a mean increase of 1.65 mmol/1 above initial concentration within 100 minutes. A further three ewes in the last two weeks of gestation were thyroparathyroidectomized and normal plasma calcium concentration maintained by an intravenous infusion of calcium borogluconate. After three days, placental perfusions were carried out as before. The mean perfusion plasma calcium concentration achieved by those three ewes in a period of 100 minutes showed an increase of 1.25 mmol/1. It is concluded that the presence of the fetus is not necessary for the continued active transfer of calcium across the placenta from mother to fetus. The reduced rate of accumulation of calcium in the perfusate in TXPTX ewes is attributed to a decline in 1,25-DHCC concentrations in both maternal and fetal circulations. The implications of these results in relation to fetal calcium homeostasis and the placental transfer of calcium are discussed. PMID- 6622432 TI - Notes on the morphology of the chimpanzee and orang-utan placenta. AB - The placentae of 11 chimpanzees and five orang-utans were collected from Japanese zoos immediately after delivery and were examined according to the methods routinely used for the human placenta. Placenta extrachorialis (circumvallate and circummarginate placenta) occurred in 80 per cent of the specimens collected from each species. In both groups, the placental vessels were distributed predominantly in the magistral pattern, and the umbilical cord was eccentrically inserted. Subchorionic fibrin, sometimes marked, was seen in all 16 placentae, and there was a high incidence of small intervillous thrombi and deposits of intervillous fibrin. These observations, together with the histological and ultrastructural findings, confirm the previously reported similarity between the placentae of the great apes and the human placentae. PMID- 6622433 TI - Respiratory organs cancer mortality in New Jersey counties and the relationship with selected demographic and environmental variables. PMID- 6622434 TI - Health practices, risk factors, and chronic disease in Tecumseh. AB - Seven health practices previously found to be associated with a self-report index of good health and with lower mortality in the Alameda County studies were related to several measures of health in a cohort of 880 men and 973 women, ages 35-69, who were participants in the Tecumseh Community Health Study. The health measures were prevalence of three diagnoses--coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension, and chronic bronchitis--and levels of five risk factors--systolic and diastolic blood pressures, serum total cholesterol, blood glucose, and FEV1. Four of the practices--desirable relative weight, physical activity, never having smoked, and moderate or no alcohol drinking--were associated significantly with one or more of the health measures. Eating breakfast, limited between-meal eating, and sleeping 7 or 8 hr were not related to the health measures. Combining all seven health practices into an index produced a measure that was more strongly associated negatively with CHD prevalence than was any one of the component practices. However, the index was no more strongly associated with any of the other health measures than were the relevant separate practices. Desirable weight was more highly associated (negatively) with hypertension and blood pressure than the index was, as was never having smoked with chronic bronchitis (negatively) and FEV1 (positively). PMID- 6622435 TI - Nationwide survey of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol among farmers in Japan. AB - A total of 2,134 blood samples (788 from men and 1,346 from women), were collected nationwide from adult farmers in Japan (44 regions in 21 prefectures) during the winters of 1978 through 1981. They were analyzed in a single laboratory for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) by means of a precipitation method. The serum HDL level was 47.3 +/- 14.2 mg/100 ml (mean +/- SD; n = 788) in men and 47.4 +/- 12.8 mg/100 ml (n = 1,346) in women. Sex and age differences in HDL were not statistically significant (P greater than 0.10). Alcohol consumption was associated with elevated HDL levels in both sexes; the association was statistically significant only in men (P less than 0.05) and was positively correlated with daily alcohol consumption (P less than 0.05). Conversely, smoking habits were negatively (P less than 0.05) associated with HDL in men. The comparison of HDL in the nondrinking and nonsmoking population revealed that HDL in women (47.0 +/- 12.8 mg/100 ml; n = 900) did not differ significantly (P greater than 0.10) from the male values (45.3 +/- 12.5 mg/100 ml; n = 60). When 23 nondrinking and nonsmoking married couples were selected from 348 couples, for whom information on drinking and smoking habits was available, the HDL (+/- SD) was essentially the same in husbands (44.2 +/- 12.8 mg/100 ml) and in wives (43.7 +/- 9.5 mg/100 ml). In the blood samples collected from 535 subjects once in winter and once in summer, HDL concentration was significantly higher in summer than in winter (P less than 0.01 in both men and women); the HDL means (+/- SD) in winter and in summer were 48.1 +/- 14.3 and 50.9 +/- 11.3 mg/100 ml, respectively, for men, and 47.0 +/- 12.0 and 50.3 +/- 11.0 mg/100 ml, respectively, for women. The mean HDL distributed across a fairly wide range depending on the 44 regions studied. Maximum-minimum mean values were 58.3-33.1 mg/100 ml in men and 59.7-37.4 mg/100 ml in women, and the regional difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.01) both in men and women. Furthermore, a significant inverse relation (P less than 0.05) was observed in men between the mean regional HDL values and standardized regional ratios of mortality from coronary heart diseases. PMID- 6622436 TI - Randomized controlled trial of a nonpharmacologic cholesterol reduction program at the worksite. AB - Under experimental clinical conditions diet modification has been shown to reduce serum cholesterol levels. This paper reports such a positive response to a nonpharmacologic, behavioral education program at the worksite. Employees at the New York Telephone Company corporate headquarters were assigned randomly to treatment and control groups. Treatment consisted of an 8-week group cholesterol reduction program conducted during employee lunch hours. It comprised a multiple treatment approach--food behavior change techniques combined with nutrition education, physical activity planning, and self-management skills. The treatment group showed substantial change compared with the control group at the program's completion. Those treated displayed a significant 6.4% reduction in total serum cholesterol (266 mg% average at baseline) as compared with control subjects with a corresponding decrease in high-density lipoprotein levels. A significant increase in nutrition knowledge and moderate weight loss were also documented for this group. The magnitudes of a participant's baseline serum cholesterol level and his/her reduction in percentage of ideal body weight were positively and independently correlated with percentage changes in serum cholesterol levels. Over the same period, decreases in high-density lipoprotein levels and no changes in serum cholesterol, weight, and nutrition knowledge were observed for the control group. Overall, participants in the treatment program successfully reduced the coronary heart disease risk factors of elevated cholesterol and weight. Directions for future study are suggested. PMID- 6622437 TI - Psychological questionnaire score, cigarette smoking, and myocardial infarction: a continuing enigma. AB - The ability of a group of 94 psychological questions to discriminate between men in whom cigarette smoking was associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction and men in whom smoking was not so associated remains puzzling. Further analyses, controlling for reported alcohol consumption and for a questionnaire item that might reflect physical activity, failed to alter this finding. This interaction of the questionnaire responses with smoking was not found with two other major coronary risk factors, serum cholesterol and systolic blood pressure. Believing that these observations may provide (a) a clue to how cigarette smoking affects risk of myocardial infarction, or (b) some means of identifying greater or lesser susceptibility to the effects of smoking, we invite other investigators to join in the pursuit of this matter. A list of ten selected yes-or-no questions with strong interaction with smoking is provided to assist others in studying this phenomenon; these are similar to ten items on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. PMID- 6622438 TI - Selected factors in the risks of upper alimentary cancers. AB - This study investigates whether liver cirrhosis, alcoholic beverages, smoked tobaccos, age, occupations, and multiple primary cancers are significant risk factors for malignancies of the upper alimentary tract. It utilizes maximum likelihood estimates of logistic parameters in multivariate analyses of these factors to assess risks of upper alimentary cancers (UAC) among 529 cancer patients, 204 with liver cirrhosis and 325 without liver cirrhosis. All patients are black males, discharged from U.S. Veterans Administration Hospitals from 1969 to 1975 with newly diagnosed and histologically confirmed primary cancers. In comparison with cirrhotics without UAC, cirrhotics with UAC have similar frequencies of liver cirrhosis by type, severity, and histological confirmation but are notably younger and have liver cirrhosis before cancer at a significantly higher frequency and over a significantly longer period. When there is simultaneous adjustment for all six factors, only liver cirrhosis, age, and multiple primaries (mainly at floor of mouth, soft palate, and esophageal sites) are significantly associated with increased cancer risk at upper alimentary sites where such processes as glycogen storage in some squamous cells, as obtains in the liver, may contribute to further elucidation of the implication of liver cirrhosis as a major pathway in cancer risk at upper alimentary sites. PMID- 6622439 TI - Baseline chronic disease risk factors in a racially heterogeneous elementary school population: The "Know Your Body" program, Los Angeles. AB - The Los Angeles "Know Your Body" (KYB) program is an organized health education activity for children designed to encourage positive health behavior and discourage or interrupt behavioral patterns that are linked to illness, injury, disability, or death. Components of KYB include a 20-week curriculum; a survey of health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors; in-service training for elementary school teachers; and a clinical screening that provides feedback to students on selected indices. As part of a KYB field demonstration in Los Angeles conducted by the UCLA Division of Cancer Control, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1,503 Los Angeles and Santa Monica-Malibu children ages 9-11 in grades 4 and 5 underwent baseline health screening evaluations in March 1981, measuring height, weight, triceps skinfold thickness, serum cholesterol, pulse rate recovery following exercise, and blood pressure. The population mean for serum cholesterol was 182.6 mg/dl, with no significant racial/ethnic, sex, or age differences. Significant racial/ethnic differences were found in obesity, with Hispanics having the highest prevalence, Asians the lowest. Black students scored significantly higher in pulse rate recovery following exercise, suggesting better relative cardiovascular fitness, and Asians scored lowest. Blacks were more likely to exceed the 95th percentile in diastolic and systolic blood pressure. Overall, 48% of the children had one or more chronic disease risk factors. PMID- 6622440 TI - Perceived palatability of the prudent diet: results of a dietary demonstration for physicians. AB - "Product sampling" is an effective marketing strategy which lowers consumer buying resistance by providing a free sample of the product for the consumer to test. We used this strategy to demonstrate the palatability of the prudent diet (30-35% of calories from total fats, less than 10% from saturated fats, less than 3 g sodium, and increased fiber) to physicians attending a 5-day family practice continuing medical education conference. The effect of the intervention was evaluated with pre- and postintervention questionnaires and a 20% random sample of participants was surveyed 1 year later. The proportion of physicians who reported that they considered the diet to be "very palatable" rose from 26% before the demonstration to 64% after the demonstration. Only 5% of the physicians did not report a favorable response to the demonstration. Sixty-two percent of the physicians reported that the diet was better than expected, and 82% reported that the demonstration encouraged them to recommend the diet to their patients. One year after the intervention 60% considered the diet "very palatable" and 55% reported that the demonstration stimulated them to increase their dietary intervention activities. These data suggest that serving the prudent diet at continuing medical education programs helps to remove prejudices about the diet and encourages physicians to recommend the diet to their patients. PMID- 6622442 TI - [Ubiquinone-9 of the flagellates Crithidia oncopelti and Astasia longa]. AB - The content of ubiquinones (Co Q) of the Astasia longa and Crithidia oncopelti protozoa was studied. The protozoa were grown on an artificial nutrient broth. The cells were separated, washed, freeze-dried, and refluxed with KOH and pyrogallol in ethanol media. The hydrolyzate was concentrated. The residue was stored at -20 degrees and filtered. An ubiquinone fraction was isolated from the filtrate by TLC on silica gel. Identification of the ubiquinone homologues was carried out by reverse phase TLC and mass spectrometry. Ubiquinones were quantitated with respect to the difference in the density between the oxidized and reduced forms of Co Q at 275 nm. The A. longa and C. oncopelti flagellates were shown to contain ubiquinone-9 (Co Q9) at a concentration of 0.48 and 1.14 mumole/g dry cells, respectively. The higher Co Q level in zooflagellates as compared to that in phytoflagellates is discussed. PMID- 6622441 TI - [Affinity chromatography of a cysteine proteinase inhibitor from chicken egg protein]. AB - A method of affinity chromatography of the inhibitor of cysteine proteinases from chick egg protein using immobilized ficin has been developed. This method yields a highly active inhibitor in an essentially homogeneous state. The molecular weight of the inhibitor is 14,000. The inhibitor suppresses the activity of ficin and papain but produces no effect on the proteolytic activity of trypsin, chymotrypsin, Asp. oryzae serine proteinase or subtilisine. Isoelectric focusing of the inhibitor has revealed the major band with pI 4.35. PMID- 6622444 TI - Progress in cancer control IV. Research in the cancer center. Proceedings of the Progress in Cancer Control Meeting, Bethesda, Maryland, January 21 and 22, 1983. PMID- 6622443 TI - [Method of developing alkaloids of different structural types on a thin layer of sorbent]. AB - A new method for developing alkaloids of the piperidine, pyridine, isochinoline, indole, purine and chinoline groups in a thin sorbent layer has been developed. This method is based on the use of the Dragendorf reagent, subsequent disintegration of the stained complex, and chromatogram treatment with a sodium thiosulfate ammonia solution. The method makes it possible to measure quantitatively alkaloids of various structures, using UV-spectrometry after their elution. The relative error is 1.9-5.5% in three parallel measurements. PMID- 6622445 TI - Cancer prevention/detection behavior by the public: lessons from three surveys. PMID- 6622446 TI - Community-based cancer education for the elderly. PMID- 6622447 TI - Cancer and the elderly: a cancer control challenge. PMID- 6622448 TI - Skin cancer/melanoma knowledge and behavior in Hawaii: changes during a community based cancer control program. PMID- 6622449 TI - Population-based assessment of the characteristics of potential users of a cancer information service (CIS). PMID- 6622450 TI - Applying marketing techniques to promotion of the Cancer Information Service. PMID- 6622451 TI - A methodology for cancer control utilizing Cancer Information Service data. PMID- 6622452 TI - Communications strategies, cancer information and Black populations: an analysis of longitudinal data. PMID- 6622453 TI - Consumer education modifies cancer phobia - behavioral changes create a new health problem. PMID- 6622454 TI - Cancer control research programs of the National Cancer Institute. PMID- 6622455 TI - Characteristics of women with cervical intraepithelial dysplasia. PMID- 6622456 TI - Cancer control: X-ray induced C3HBA tumor regression and prevention of its regrowth by beta-carotene or vitamin A. PMID- 6622458 TI - Ohio's mortality-based system for identification of cancer intervention program sites. PMID- 6622457 TI - A method for estimating the potential effects of primary and secondary prevention activities in high risk populations. AB - There is an increasing need to plan and assess cancer control programs based on quantitative data. In this paper a model is presented to help planners design cancer control programs to meet the needs of defined high-risk populations. This model can be applied to demographically defined segments of the U.S. population, to geographically defined populations, and to demographic subpopulations within geographically defined areas. It is intended to allow planners to assess the cancer control needs of high risk populations in terms of lowering cancer risks using available primary and secondary prevention techniques. This model represents only one of many quantitative factors that should be integrated into planning cancer control activities. PMID- 6622460 TI - Community cancer control of Los Angeles (CCC/LA): breast examination training (BET) centers. PMID- 6622459 TI - Some issues concerning community based chronic disease control programs. PMID- 6622461 TI - Cancer prevention and control by the American Cancer Society. PMID- 6622462 TI - Breast self-examination post mastectomy: empirical findings and their implications. PMID- 6622463 TI - International resources for cancer control. PMID- 6622464 TI - A precise method of manual breast self-examination. PMID- 6622465 TI - Determining the quality of breast self-examination and its relationship to other BSE measures. PMID- 6622466 TI - The relationship between breast self-examination frequency, technique, and breast lump detection. PMID- 6622467 TI - Validation of breast self-examination practice related to frequency and competency of BSE. PMID- 6622468 TI - Multisite cancer screening of women in a rural population. PMID- 6622469 TI - Risk factors and physician delay in the diagnosis of breast cancer. PMID- 6622470 TI - Family physicians' beliefs about cancer screening tests. PMID- 6622471 TI - Cancer control research in American College of Surgeons approved programs. PMID- 6622472 TI - Criteria setting and adherence to criteria for managing cervical, breast and endometrial cancer among community physicians. PMID- 6622473 TI - Compliance with chemotherapy: theoretical basis and intervention design. AB - An experimental chemotherapy compliance enhancement program has been developed based on theory and findings from social psychology and learning theory. The essential ingredients are individualized instruction, behavior shaping and enhancement of social and environmental supports. The differential effects of these interventions upon compliance, as measured both by patient self-reports and by objective pharmacokinetic assays, are being tested. PMID- 6622474 TI - Important gaps in patients' knowledge prior to chemotherapy. PMID- 6622475 TI - Evaluation of a coordinated community approach to hospice services. PMID- 6622476 TI - Clergy as intermediary--an approach to cancer control. PMID- 6622477 TI - Demonstration of the effectiveness of the professional education component of a comprehensive cancer control project using serial "patterns of care" (POC) studies. PMID- 6622478 TI - Colorectal cancer patient rehabilitation and continuing care needs: a preliminary assessment of services provided by a voluntary cancer agency. PMID- 6622479 TI - Quality of cancer care evaluation in Italy. PMID- 6622481 TI - Occupational cancer and cancer institutes. PMID- 6622482 TI - The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Hospital patient surveillance system. PMID- 6622480 TI - Data bases for patterns of care studies in defined populations. PMID- 6622484 TI - Lifestyles and cancer prevention. PMID- 6622483 TI - A program to encourage early detection and treatment of breast cancer by giving information and emotional support. AB - There is a great need for an organized program to give all women information, referrals and emotional support for breast diseases before detection, diagnosis and treatment. This provides an excellent opportunity for public and private agencies concerned with cancer-control to fill the wide gap. At this time, there are no organized programs between those that teach women how to do BSE and--much later--to help them "cope with cancer." With the 2-stage procedure becoming more common and available to women, the time should be used for education before primary treatment. Breast cancer is more than a disease; it is a "process" having many phases. BSE and worrying about finding a symptom is the first and may last a lifetime. Primary treatment is second; the need for support continues throughout. The purpose of this presentation is to urge health professionals to recognize the great need and fill the wide gap. PMID- 6622485 TI - Linking resources: cancer centers and health departments. PMID- 6622486 TI - Meeting the educational needs of adolescents with cancer. PMID- 6622487 TI - Project choice: evaluating a school-age cancer prevention and risk-reduction curriculum. PMID- 6622488 TI - Pharmacists' role in smoking prevention and cessation. PMID- 6622489 TI - Assay of platelet sialic acid (NANA) receptor display by Limulus lectin. PMID- 6622490 TI - Biosynthesis and shedding of gp87, a human melanoma specific-oncofetal antigen defined by the monoclonal antibody 140.240. PMID- 6622491 TI - Characterization of human myelomonocytic antigens using monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6622493 TI - Selective release of surface antigens from cultured human melanoma cells following 1-butanol treatment. PMID- 6622492 TI - Blood group T and Tn antigens are universal, clonal, epithelial cell-adhesive, autoimmunogenic carcinoma markers. PMID- 6622495 TI - Alloantigens specific to blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils. PMID- 6622494 TI - Antigenic characteristics of metastasizing and nonmetastasizing mammary adenocarcinomata of rat. PMID- 6622496 TI - Non-HLA lymphocyte antigens detected in PLT (primed lymphocyte test). PMID- 6622497 TI - Erythrocyte antigens on human platelets. PMID- 6622498 TI - Antigenic changes associated with cellular aging. PMID- 6622499 TI - Immunogenetics and longevity. PMID- 6622500 TI - Evaluation of nanoparticles as drug-delivery systems. II: Comparison of the body distribution of nanoparticles with the body distribution of microspheres (diameter greater than 1 micron), liposomes, and emulsions. PMID- 6622501 TI - Bioavailability studies on an orally administered, oily suspension of a water soluble drug. PMID- 6622502 TI - Alteration of pharmacokinetics after halving a slow-release theophylline tablet. AB - A study was carried out in 10 healthy volunteers to determine the effects on the bioavailability of theophylline from a biconvex-shaped, slow-release 400 mg theophylline tablet formulation when the tablet was taken whole or as two separate halves in a single dose. The subjects took one or other dosage regimen on different occasions separated by a 7-day washout period. The results showed that absorption was faster and plasma levels were higher when the 400 mg tablet was taken as 2 halves. PMID- 6622503 TI - Drug sensitivity of individual rats determines degree of drug discrimination. AB - Rats were observed to learn to discriminate between the stimulus properties of intraperitoneal 0.16 mg/kg apomorphine and saline, in a two-lever operant task, at different rates. Half of the 12 rats reached criterion performance in a mean of 22.5 session, whereas the other half reached criterion in a mean of 44.2 sessions. These two groups, i.e., the early and later learners, were tested with a range of apomorphine doses and the former group had an ED50 of 0.01 mg/kg, whereas the later group generated an ED50 of 0.07 mg/kg apomorphine. These results suggest that the early learners were significantly more sensitive to apomorphine than the later learners and this may explain the discrepancies in the drug-discrimination literature regarding different ED50's generated at the same drug training dose. PMID- 6622504 TI - Quantitation of tolerance development after chronic oxotremorine treatment. AB - A new procedure was developed to quantitate the tolerance which develops as mice are chronically infused with the muscarinic agonist, oxotremorine. Cumulative dose-response curves were constructed for the effects of oxotremorine on body temperature and rotarod performance by administering sequential injections to individual animals. These dose-response curves compare favorably to those constructed by injecting individual animals with one of several doses. The sequential injection technique was used to assess the magnitude of tolerance development to oxotremorine. A linear relationship between oxotremorine infusion rate (dose) and magnitude of change of the ED50 value for impairment of rotarod performance was observed, with animals receiving an infusion rate of 1.0 mg/kg/hr showing a 24-fold increase in ED50. Dose-response curves for tolerant animals were parallel to those constructed for naive animals. The oxotremorine dose required to decrease body temperature to 35 degrees C (ED35 degrees) was 80-fold greater than control in the group treated with 1.0 mg/kg/hr. The dose-response curves for tolerant animals were not parallel to those seen in naive animals. Time courses of recovery from a challenge dose of oxotremorine suggest little change in metabolism occurred during chronic infusion. Chronic oxotremorine infusion resulted in a decrease in the total number of QNB binding sites. Both high- and low-affinity sites were reduced in number. Since no change in K1 for the muscarinic agonist, carbamylcholine, was observed, it seems unlikely that a change occurs in the affinity of the muscarinic receptor for agonists. Significant change in receptor number was detected only in animals that received higher doses of oxotremorine. Chronic oxotremorine treatment had no effect on choline uptake by synaptosomes prepared from any of five brain regions. PMID- 6622505 TI - Tolerance to ethanol in rats bred on essential fatty acid deficient diets. AB - We bred three generations of Sprague-Dawley rats on a diet deficient in essential fatty acids, low-EFA (0.3 energy %), whereas age matched controls received normal EFA (3.0 energy %). Subgroups (N = 6) of female rats were given daily IP injections of ethanol (3.0 g/kg) or isocaloric glucose for 23 consecutive days. On days 1 and 22 blood-ethanol profiles, rates of ethanol metabolism and ethanol induced impairment of motor coordination were measured after the challenge dose of 3.0 g/kg. Rats exposed to ethanol ate and drank more than controls and gained more body weight over the 23 days. Low-EFA rats were slightly more impaired than normal EFA rats after an acute dose of ethanol even though the peak blood ethanol concentrations reached were about the same at 2.9 mg/ml (63 mmol/l). After chronic ethanol treatment a functional tolerance developed in both dietary groups but the degree of tolerance was less clearcut in low EFA rats. Metabolic tolerance was confirmed after chronic treatment in both dietary groups as shown by steeper slopes (19-27%) of the ethanol elimination curves. But no significant differences in the development of metabolic tolerance were apparent in rats on low EFA and normal EFA diets. PMID- 6622506 TI - The discriminative stimulus properties of cocaine in the rhesus monkey. AB - Three rhesus monkeys were trained to discriminate IM injections of cocaine (0.25 mg/kg) from saline under conditions where responding was maintained on one of two levers under a fixed-ratio 30 schedule of food delivery. The ability of other doses of cocaine and other compounds to substitute for the training dose of cocaine in controlling cocaine-appropriate responding was assessed. Cocaine (0.008-0.5 mg/kg), d-amphetamine (0.03-0.25 mg/kg) and l-cathinone (0.03-0.5 mg/kg) produced dose dependent increases in the percent of cocaine-appropriate responding in test sessions. At the highest doses tested, these three compounds produced more than 90% cocaine-appropriate responding suggesting that they share discriminative stimulus properties. When nicotine (0.125-16 mg/kg) and procaine (0.06-8.0 mg/kg) were tested, some of the monkeys responded 90% or more on the cocaine-appropriate lever; in other cases there was a trend towards generalization at lower doses but when higher doses were administered, responding was suppressed. These data suggest that these two compounds have discriminative stimulus properties which differ to some extent from cocaine. Finally, when pentobarbital (2-16 mg/kg) was administered, responding occurred on the saline appropriate lever indicating that this drug does not share the discriminative stimulus properties of cocaine. PMID- 6622507 TI - The effects of levonantradol on rewarding brain stimulation thresholds in the rat. AB - Rats were implanted bilaterally with electrodes aimed at the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) and trained to deliver intracranial stimulation. Reward thresholds were determined using a modification of the psychophysical method of limits. Levonantradol, a cannabinoid with reported analgesic activity, was tested at doses between 0.0125 to 0.3 mg/kg. Significant elevations of reward thresholds were observed at 0.2 and 0.3 mg/kg. Since none of the doses tested lowered the reward threshold, an effect believed to be predictive of abuse, these results suggest that levonantradol has little or no abuse liability. PMID- 6622508 TI - Spontaneous and apomorphine-induced locomotor changes parallel dopamine receptor differences in two rat strains. AB - Two inbred strains of rats (F344 and Buffalo) were tested for differences in spontaneous and apomorphine-induced inhibition of locomotor activity. F344 rats showed greater percentage decreases in locomotion after apomorphine (0.25, 1.0 and 2.5 mg/kg) compared to the Buffalo strain. F344 rats also showed higher levels and slower habituation of spontaneous locomotor activity. F344 rats had previously been shown to have significantly higher densities of D2-dopamine receptors in the striatum and olfactory tubercle and also more apomorphine induced stereotypy when compared to Buffalo rats. These results confirm and extend previous studies suggesting that genetic differences in brain D2-dopamine receptors can predict behavioral differences in locomotor activity. PMID- 6622509 TI - Effects of acarbose on food intake, body weight and fat depots in lean and obese rats. PMID- 6622510 TI - Effects of a glucosidase inhibitor (acarbose, BAY g 5421) on the development of obesity and food motivated behavior in Zucker (fafa) rats. AB - BAY g 5421 (acarbose) inhibits carbohydrate digestion in the gut, thereby reducing the rate of glucose absorption. This experiment tested whether long term administration of acarbose to developing Zucker "fatty" (fafa) rats would, by reducing several lipogenic factors, attenuate lipid deposition and reduce the hyperphagia and increased food motivated behavior of these animals. From 7 to 20 weeks of life groups of fatty and lean (FaFa) control rats were fed 0, 20 or 40 mg acarbose/100 g maintenance diet (45% carbohydrate, 35% fat, 20% protein calories), while an additional fatty and lean group were pair-fed to respective 40 mg acarbose groups. Lean groups fed acarbose exhibited dose dependent reductions of body weight, insulin, triglycerides, retroperitoneal and epididymal pad weight, adipocyte size, LPL activity/cell (retroperitoneal pad only), and lipid deposition both in total grams of fat and as a percentage of carcass weight. Fatty groups fed acarbose exhibited dose dependent reductions of insulin, blood glucose, retroperitoneal pad weight, and, at one of the two doses used, significantly lowered body weight, (40 mg), triglycerides (20 mg) and cholesterol (20 mg). However, acarbose-fed fatty groups failed to show significant reductions of adipocyte size, number or LPL activity/cell in retroperitoneal and epididymal fat pads, and maintained their obese body composition, on a percentage basis, at levels not significantly different from that of the 0 mg fatty control group. Acarbose administration led to an initial dose dependent reduction of food intake in both genotypes, which persisted for the lean groups. Fatties fed the 20 mg dose showed a gradual tendency (ns) towards increased daily intake, lever pressed at elevated rates for food pellets, and refed at faster rates following fasting. Fatties fed the 40 mg dose maintained their daily intake at fatty control levels, did not lever press at elevated rates, and showed significantly reduced refeeding following fasting. The 40 mg fatty and both lean acarbose treated groups had decreased sucrose solution preference. Possible bases for these differing effects of the drug on feeding behavior by the groups are considered. PMID- 6622511 TI - Superoxide dismutase activities in Yoshida ascites tumor cells. AB - Cu-Zn and Mn superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in Yoshida ascites tumor cells and in the liver of ascitic rats were assayed. The cytosolic and soluble mitochondrial fractions were used for assay of Cu-Zn SOD and Mn SOD respectively. The specific activities of Cu-Zn SOD as well as Mn SOD were found diminished in Yoshida ascites tumor cells and in the liver of ascitic rats when compared to normal rat liver. PMID- 6622512 TI - Effect of the compound "chloridarol" on plasma lipids and apolipoprotein levels. AB - Eighteen subjects, nine affected with type IIB and nine with type IV hyperlipemia, following since months a "prudent diet" received 750 mg/day of the compound/(2-benzofuryl) (p-chlorophenyl) carbinol/ for two 2-month periods. The results obtained were compared with those obtained following only dietary treatment. The pharmacological treatment significantly reduced the plasma levels of triglycerides and apoB. PMID- 6622514 TI - Anti-inflammatory activity of S-adenosyl-L-methionine: interference with the eicosanoid system. AB - S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) displays anti-inflammatory as well as antalgic activity without damaging the gastrointestinal mucosa in experimental animals. In fact, carrageenin-induced edema in rats and writhings provoked in mice by phenylquinone and acetic acid are controlled by SAMe in a dose dependent manner. Since PG-like substance concentration in the inflammatory exudate decreased in SAMe-treated animals the mode of action of this compound is also discussed, in view of SAMe ability to interfere with the eicosanoid system. PMID- 6622513 TI - Lung lipoprotein lipase: inhibition by barbiturates. AB - The action of barbiturates on the enzymatic activity of lung lipoprotein lipase has been studied in vitro and in vivo. Mouse lung preparations can be separated into two fractions containing lipoprotein lipase activity and designated as soluble and membrane-bound. In vitro, both enzyme fractions were inhibited in a graded manner by the barbiturates when present in concentrations of 1-4 mg/ml. Experiments to determine the mechanism for the inhibition of lipoprotein lipase suggest that it may be related to non-specific binding of the drug to the enzyme since other drugs e.g., phenylbutazone and a coumarin derivative which bind non specifically to serum albumin showed similar inhibitory activity. When rat lungs were perfused in situ with heparin, 49% of the total lipoprotein lipase activity was released into the perfusate. However, when pentobarbital was perfused prior to heparin, no lipoprotein lipase activity was observed in the perfusate. The possible clinical implications resulting from inhibition of pulmonary lipoprotein lipase by barbiturates are discussed in this paper. PMID- 6622515 TI - Differential affinity of dopaminergic agonists and antagonists for D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in rat striatum. AB - Dopamine (DA) receptors have been classified into two types, D1 and D2, on the basis of their pharmacological specifities and localization. We now report that lesions of striatal dopaminergic neurons by kainic acid (KA) injection or cerebral neocortex (CN) ablation, differentially affect the potency of DA agonists and antagonists in displacing 3H-spiroperidol specific binding. In particular, agonists show a preferential affinity in displacing 3H-spiroperidol from those receptors situated on intrastriatal neurons, following CN lesion. On the other hand, antagonists show a higher displacing activity for those receptors mainly located on cortical terminals following KA lesion. These data support the hypothesis of the existence of different types of DA receptors with a differential anatomical location. PMID- 6622516 TI - Calmodulin antagonists enhance calcium binding to calmodulin. AB - The effects of calmodulin (CaM) antagonists, N-(6-aminohexyl)(-5-chloro-1 naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7) and its derivatives or trifluoperazine (TFP) on the Ca2+ binding to CaM were investigated. In the presence of these CaM antagonists, the extent of the Ca2+ binding to CaM increased. Stoichiometrical Examination showed that these CaM antagonists dose-dependently increased the sensitivity of all four Ca2+ binding sites on CaM. An analysis of CaM by UV spectroscopy revealed that the conformation of the Ca2+ CaM complex in the presence and absence of these CaM antagonists differed. Therefore, binding of this CaM antagonist to CaM increase the binding of Ca2+ to this protein. PMID- 6622518 TI - Effects of naloxone on serum corticosterone and gastric lesions in stressed rats. AB - In rats subjected to restraint and exposure to cold, naloxone did not significantly influence the increased serum concentrations of corticosterone or the incidence of stress ulceration, but it significantly reduced the severity of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that endogenous opioids released during stress may contribute to the pathogenesis of stress ulceration. They also support the theory that the adrenocorticosteroids are unimportant aetiological factors in stress ulcer formation. PMID- 6622517 TI - Effect of drug pretreatment on the metabolic oxidation of chlorpromazine in rat. AB - The metabolic oxidation of chlorpromazine (CPZ) was investigated after pretreatment of rats with some drugs and chemicals for 6 days. Pentobarbitone, gamma-collidine, ethanol, and anthracene induced a significant increase in both S oxidation and 7-hydroxylation, whereas CPZ pretreatment increased mainly 7 hydroxylation. Metyrapone and safrole preferentially inhibited 7-hydroxylation. Chloroquine and quinine pretreatment increased urinary excretion of CPZ and its metabolites, probably due to occupation of CPZ-binding sites rather than as a result of enzyme induction. PMID- 6622519 TI - The physician and imprisoned youth. PMID- 6622520 TI - Psychological perspectives on iatrogenic physician impairment. PMID- 6622521 TI - A day at Boho. PMID- 6622523 TI - The pariah syndrome: the social disease of chronic illness. PMID- 6622522 TI - For this they go to medical school: student reactions to "Heartsounds". PMID- 6622525 TI - Doing battle with impulsive disorders. PMID- 6622524 TI - Limitations of the autonomy model. PMID- 6622526 TI - Postmortem organ donation. PMID- 6622527 TI - The induction of hyperthermia by ultrasound: its value and associated problems. I. Single, static, plane transducer. AB - The temperature distributions that may be achieved in mammalian tissues by ultrasonic heating have been studied. Thigh muscle of Large White pigs has been irradiated with 0.75 and 3.0 MHz ultrasound at spatial average intensities in the range 1.5-3.0 W cm-2 in both pulsed and continuous modes of delivery. Resultant temperature profiles are described and some of the problems arising are discussed. PMID- 6622528 TI - The dielectric properties of the cerebellum, cerebrum and brain stem of mouse brain at radiowave and microwave frequencies. AB - The relative permittivity and conductivity of the cerebellum, cerebrum and brain stem of mouse brain were measured at a temperature of 37 degrees C over a frequency range of 72 MHz to over 5 GHz using time-domain spectroscopy. An analysis of the data suggests that the water exists in various forms of binding with an average relaxation frequency less than free water. PMID- 6622529 TI - How far does thermal damage extend beneath the surface of CO2 laser incisions? AB - One of the principal advantages of the CO2 surgical laser over other types available is that there is little evidence of thermal injury extending very far beyond the surface of the laser wound. The degree of such damage is of interest because it affects tissue healing and the likelihood of post-operative infection. This paper presents a simple physical model of tissue irradiated by a CO2 laser beam. The depth of damage is predicted for the case where the ablation front and the damage wave ahead of it advance together at the same speed. The depth of damage is also calculated for the case of laser pulses of short duration where there has not been time to establish dynamic equilibrium. The results are plotted against local laser power density and show a trend of narrower damage depths with short laser pulses and high power densities. As a consequence, care should be taken not to ablate tissue at low power densities, as occurs when the laser beam is defocussed. The predicted damage depths are in broad agreement with histopathological experience. PMID- 6622530 TI - Reconstructing NMR images from projections under inhomogeneous magnetic field and non-linear field gradients. AB - Both inhomogeneity in the main magnetic field and non-linearity in the gradient fields introduce errors in NMR images reconstructed from projections. It is found that the image artefacts caused by these two sources are separable. The inhomogeneous main field blurs the image while the nonlinear gradients distort the image. Firstly, blurring is removed by reconstructing the image curvilinearly in a coordinate system defined by the gradient fields. The distortions in the image are then corrected by taking an inverse coordinate transformation from the gradient-field coordinates to the spatial coordinates. Experiments performed by computer simulations are presented to demonstrate that, for the first time, accurate images can be obtained under large inhomogeneity and non-linearity in the fields. Mathematical derivations and computational techniques are also described and discussed. PMID- 6622531 TI - The influence of scattered radiation on the CT numbers of bone on a scanner with a fixed detector array. AB - A dependence of the CT number upon radial position of a bone plug in a unit density phantom is observed with a scanner employing a fixed detector array. The effect of the signal produced by scattered radiation from the phantom is analysed. A scatter correction consisting of a fixed fraction of the incident x ray intensity is considered. The resultant error from such a correction is found to depend upon the ratio of the scatter to the primary detected intensities and is shown to be consistent with the observed results. PMID- 6622532 TI - Monitoring variations of biological impedances using microwave Doppler radar. AB - A microwave Doppler radar for continuously monitoring time-varying biological impedances is described. The radar compares the phase of the signal scattered from a region of biological tissue with that of the transmitted signal. The phase changes of the scattered signal are an indication of the net impedance changes within the test region due to various physiological processes, for example, the displacements of blood vessels during the cardiac cycle. A Doppler radar, equipped with a matched antenna, was tested with a simulation model and its detection characteristic was found to be a sinusoidal function of the antenna object spacing. Tests with healthy human subjects were also performed at 3 GHz and 10.5 GHz. It was found that the 3 GHz Doppler radar has significantly greater penetration in tissues but is less sensitive to changes of the biological impedance than the 10.5 GHz system. PMID- 6622533 TI - Hemodynamic and energy cost responses to changes in arm exercise technique. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to determine heart rate, blood pressure, rate pressure product, and oxygen consumption responses to variations in arm exercise technique of a specific calisthenics for cardiac rehabilitation. Eight subjects performed the following four variations of an arm calisthenics: slow paused, slow continuous, fast paused, and fast continuous. Heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolic cost were measured during the last minute of each variation. An analysis of variance revealed significant differences between exercise variations (p less than .05) across means in heart rate, blood pressure, rate pressure product, and metabolic equivalent terms. Post hoc analysis revealed that changes in technique caused significantly large differences (p less than .05) in heart rate, blood pressure, and rate pressure product, but metabolic equivalent term levels did not change significantly. Changes in arm exercise technique result in significant changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and rate pressure product with little or no changes in metabolic equivalent terms. This finding suggests that prescribing exercise based on metabolic equivalent terms may not be indicative of cardiac stress unless the technique of exercise is carefully monitored and controlled. PMID- 6622534 TI - Timing and relative intensity of hip extensor and abductor muscle action during level and stair ambulation. An EMG study. AB - The timing and relative intensity of electromyographic activity of hip abductor and extensor muscles were recorded during free and fast velocity walking and during ascent and descent of stairs. Eleven healthy subjects were tested using fine wire electrodes to record the electromyographic activity. Data were quantified by normalizing all electromyographic activity during gait with electromyographic activity occurring during a sustained maximum isometric effort resisted either manually or with a dynamometer. The results indicated that the hip extensor muscles had different phasic patterns and moments of peak activity. During level walking, the semimembranosus and long head of the biceps femoris muscles displayed the greatest swing phase activity (beginning in mid-swing). The adductor magnus muscle followed with its onset in terminal swing. Both this muscle and the gluteus maximus were the principal hip extensors active during the loading response. For ascending stairs, the lower portion of the gluteus maximus muscle proved to be the main hip extensor during the loading response and mid stance. The findings also showed that the upper portion of the gluteus maximus muscle functioned more like the gluteus medius muscle than the lower portion of the gluteus maximus muscle during both level and stair walking. PMID- 6622535 TI - Reliability of the Fugl-Meyer assessment of sensorimotor recovery following cerebrovascular accident. AB - This study establishes intratester reliability for all components of physical performance and intertester reliability for the total scores of upper and lower extremity motor performance in a cumulative numerical scoring system devised by Fugl-Meyer et al. Intertester reliability was found to be high for the total scores of upper and lower extremity motor performance. All intratester and intertester reliability coefficients were high and statistically significant. Establishing the reliability of the Fugl-Meyer method of assessing recovery of function following cerebrovascular accident has increased the usefulness of this method for clinical assessment and as a tool for the comparative analysis of the effectiveness of various therapeutic interventions. PMID- 6622536 TI - Goniometric reliability in a clinical setting. Elbow and knee measurements. AB - Reliability of goniometric measurements has been examined only under standardized conditions and usually with healthy subjects. The purpose of this study was to assess goniometric reliability in a clinical setting. The reliability of goniometric measurements of passive elbow and knee positions was assessed using patients as subjects. The effect of using the means of repeated measurements and the interdevice reliability of three common goniometers were also examined. Results showed that intratester reliability for flexion and extension of the knee and the elbow joints was high (r = .91 to .99). Intertester reliability was also high (r = .88 to .97) for these measurements except for measurements of knee extension (r = .63 to .70). Although previous investigators have suggested that using the means of multiple measurements improves reliability, our data indicate that this procedure never improves the correlation coefficient more than .12. The reliability was similar for all three devices. The results of this study indicate that for the knee and elbow joints, goniometric measurements performed in a clinical setting can be highly reliable. The method described in this study provides a simple protocol that can be used clinically to investigate goniometric reliability. PMID- 6622537 TI - Measurement of selected hip, knee, and ankle joint motions in newborns. AB - As clinicians become more involved in preventative screening, assessment, and treatment of newborns and infants, an increasing need exists for quantitative, normal joint range-of-motion data for this population. We used a goniometer to assess in 40 healthy, full-term newborns the following passive ranges of motion: hip extension, knee extension, ankle plantar flexion, ankle dorsiflexion, and the popliteal angle. Every infant except one lacked full extension at both the hip and the knee. Plantar flexion was generally limited, but dorsiflexion was unlimited. Popliteal angle measurements showed the greatest amount of variation among the infants. Pearson correlation coefficients indicated that those infants with greater dorsiflexion tended to have less plantar flexion, and those with a greater limitation of knee extension measured with the hip extended tended also to have a smaller popliteal angle. Intrauterine position and newborn flexor tone are discussed as possible contributing factors to the results obtained in this study. PMID- 6622538 TI - Documentation of wound surface area from tracings of wound perimeters. Clinical report on three techniques. AB - Tracing wounds on clear plastic film provides a viable option for recording wound surface area. The wound area can be determined by a graph paper counting, planimetry, or weighing technique. All methods are accurate for confirming known areas. When different clinicians trace wounds, variance in their tracings may result in additional deviations in the calculated area regardless of the technique used for determining surface area. The use of wound tracing merits broader application. The reliability and tolerance levels for the various techniques should, however, be determined before using the techniques for research purposes. PMID- 6622539 TI - Fully contoured seating for the wheelchair-bound patient with neuromuscular disease. Suggestion from the field. PMID- 6622540 TI - Teaching. A skill in clinical practice. AB - I surveyed by questionnaire a random sample of 585 physical therapists and the administrators of all accredited and developing entry-level educational programs on record with the American Physical Therapy Association in March 1981 to determine attitudes toward, involvement in, and preparation for teaching as a skill in physical therapy. Results were based on responses from 367 (63%) of the physical therapists who spent at least 50 percent of their workday in direct patient-care activities and 95 (93%) of the administrators of the educational programs. Although 99 percent of the physical therapists believed that teaching was an important skill in their practice, only 34 percent had received instruction in teaching as part of their basic preparation. Ninety-eight percent were involved in teaching patients, but only 30 percent taught students in the clinic. Educational skills considered important by the clinicians included the ability to adapt teaching to individual needs, to teach by demonstration, to give and receive feedback, and to assess learner expectations. Sixty-five percent of the administrators responding to the questionnaire reported that training in educational theories and methodologies was required either as a separate course or as part of one or more other courses in the curriculum. Educational skills most frequently taught were writing learning objectives, planning the learning experience, understanding the role of the physical therapist as an educator, and teaching by lecture. Physical therapists consider teaching an important skill in physical therapy practice, but not all physical therapy programs include preparation in this area. Agreement on which skills are important is limited. PMID- 6622542 TI - Bylaws. American Physical Therapy Association. PMID- 6622541 TI - Peripheral arterial pressures. PMID- 6622543 TI - [New approach to the treatment of arteritis using a combination of drugs and hypervolemia with clinical and biological monitoring]. AB - The clinical survey is based on the history, the physical examination, analysis of the laboratory tests, a cardiological and ophthmological examination and Doppler studies. This examination allows classification of the stage of the arteritis. We have developed a treatment consisting of continuous infusions of isotonic glucose-saline combined with Eucilat, a vaso-dilator. We increase the quantity of fluid and vasodilator to as much as 4 litres per 24 hours for 18 vials of Eucilat. The blood pressure and the urinary output are regularly monitored. A full survey is performed on the 5th day. The course of treatment should not exceed 20 days. From the beginning of treatment, we combine a modifier of the red cell wall, Torental 400 and an oxygenator, Duxil. After the infusions, the treatment is continued as an out-patient with a combination of Duxil-Torental 400-Eucilat. PMID- 6622544 TI - [Lymphatic drainage and lymphovenous anastomosis. Treatment of lymphedema of the lower extremities]. AB - The treatment of lymphoedema of the lower limbs is often rather disappointing, at the present time. However, two simple surgical techniques, lympho-venous anastomosis and lymphatic drainage, seem to complement existing methods and should improve the clinical course of constitutional and secondary lymphoedema. These simple techniques are based on the pathophysiology of the lymphoedema and certainly represent a hope in the treatment of some swollen legs. PMID- 6622545 TI - [Product of choice for maintenance sclerosis: 66% glucose solution]. AB - The use of a 66% hypertonic glucose saline solution provides absolute security in sclerosant treatment. It has no side effects and does not provoke any allergic reactions and it produces a good quality sclerosis without pigmentation or thrombus. The injection can sometimes be painful, so it should be made very slowly. Its effectiveness is good, although less than that of sodium tetradecyl sulphate. Intra-arterial injection in animals dose not cause gangrene of the limb. Extravascular injection does not cause necrosis. PMID- 6622546 TI - [Treatment of the postthrombotic syndrome by the 2d technic of popliteal vein valve substitution. Comparative results of measurements of peripheral venous pressure before and after surgery]. PMID- 6622547 TI - [Experimental monitoring of the effects of hand and foot douches at Barbotan on peripheral circulation]. AB - New techniques, the manudouche and the pedidouche, were tested at Barbotan on various diseases of the peripheral circulation (artery, vein, lymphatic) after an overall assessment of the treatment based on more than 200 patients and on rheographic recordings. These treatments aim to relieve the vascular spasm in the limbs and to reduce the threshold of sympathetic excitability. This paper outlines the techniques, the thermal agents used and the immediate results. The author concludes that these techniques are of value in the treatment of peripheral circulatory disease and proposes a review of the general thermal nomenclature involving the classification and the indications of thermal resorts aimed at treating vascular disease (heart, artery, vein, lymphatic). PMID- 6622548 TI - The triplet and radical species of haematoporphyrin and some of its derivatives. PMID- 6622549 TI - Action spectra (254-302 nm) for four human photosensitive cell lines. PMID- 6622550 TI - Urocanic acid photobiology. Photocycloaddition of N,N-dimethylthymine to urocanic acid. PMID- 6622551 TI - Photochemical inactivation of single-stranded viral DNA in the presence of urocanic acid. PMID- 6622552 TI - Induction of DNA strand breaks in normal human fibroblasts exposed to monochromatic ultraviolet and visible wavelengths in the 240-546 nm range. PMID- 6622553 TI - Photodynamic inactivation of Chinese hamster cells. PMID- 6622554 TI - Motor impairment after unilateral hind limb deafferentation in young rats. AB - Unilateral section of dorsal roots L2-L6(S1) was performed in 45 rats during the early postnatal period (2 to 12 days postnatally). There was a high mortality rate, especially in the youngest age groups. Behavioural observations (9 rats) and chronic EMG recordings (4 rats) in both soleus and tibialis anterior muscles after implantation of the recording array at the age of 3-4 months led to the following findings: a) the deafferented hind limbs exhibited a tendency to extension similar to that after deafferentation in adult animals; b) there was spontaneous EMG activity in the deafferented soleus muscle; c) the paradoxical reaction of deafferented extensor muscles to stretch could occasionally be demonstrated; d) although the performance of walking was highly atactic, the EMG pattern of ambulation appeared to be normal. These results indicate that deafferentation performed in rats at an early postnatal period evokes similar symptoms as deafferentation in adult animals. Furthermore, early unilateral dorsal root section performed before the maturation of an adult-like pattern of walking does not prevent the development of a normal EMG pattern of ambulation. PMID- 6622555 TI - Protective effect of isoprenaline pretreatment on the cardiotoxic effect of the same drug. AB - The study deals with the development of increased resistance of the rat myocardium to ISO-induced injury after pretreatment with the same drug. Reduced sensitivity already developed after the first dose of ISO, whose effect was only slightly increased by subsequent repeated doses. The development of myocardial injury was completed significantly sooner in pretreated animals, and this resulted in a decrease of the extent of the lesion. The reduction of cardiotoxic effect of ISO could be achieved by pretreatment with very small doses of ISO (0.01 mg/kg). An increase in the pretreatment dose augmented the protective effect and, in particular, prolonged the duration of reduced sensitivity. The effect of pretreatment in older animals, which responded to ISO by greater damage, was more pronounced. PMID- 6622556 TI - The role of vagal nerves in changes of functional residual lung capacity during acute hypoxia. AB - Functional residual capacity of the lungs (FRC) was measured by a plethysmographic method in anaesthetized, intubated rats breathing air or a hypoxic mixture (10% O2 in N2), before and after bilateral cervical vagotomy. Inhalation of the with intact vagi, the drop in Pao2 was accompanied by a significant rise of FRC; after hypoxic mixture led to the same decrease in Pao2 before and after vagotomy. In rats vagotomy, hypoxia did not affect the FRC. The vagal nerves are thus apparently necessary for the increase of FRC during hypoxia in the rat. PMID- 6622557 TI - Delimitation of the period of sensitivity to the cataractogenic action of selenite in rats. AB - The period when selenite is able to induce cataracts begins on the 2nd and ends on the 17th day of postnatal life. Higher doses of selenite do not change the beginning of the cataractogenic period but may induce rare cataracts (up to 17%) when given on the 18th and 19th day of life. The lethal effect of selenite, which predominantly depends on the administered dose, is significantly lowered during the period of selenite-induced cataractogenesis. PMID- 6622558 TI - Cell water content in carp kidney tissue slices as influenced by various osmotic agents. AB - Determination of water content in the surviving kidney tissue of the carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a convenient method for studying epithelial cell volume regulation under the influence of various osmotic agents and inhibitors. Artificial media of abnormal tonicities were used both as a purely experimental tool and as an attempt to model the behaviour of the tissue under extreme (physiological or pathological) conditions. In a medium hypertonic with mannitol the inhibition of the sodium-potassium pump by ouabain does not change the water content of the tissue (the same as in normal Krebs-Henseleit saline). On the other hand, in media which are hypotonic or hypertonic by addition of NaCl, KCl, Tris chloride or sodium benzenesulphonate the same inhibition invariably results in an increased water content. Thus, in contrast to the situation in normal or mannitol-hypertonic media, the ouabain-sensitive sodium-potassium pump does regulate the cell volume in artificial salines which are hypotonic or hypertonic by addition of electrolytes. 2,4-dinitrophenol often brings about a more pronounced swelling of the tissue than ouabain, suggesting the presence of an additional cell-volume regulating mechanism, ATP-dependent but ouabain insensitive. The additional swelling is not always accompanied by a gain of sodium; hence it may not be correct to call the above mechanism a "second sodium pump". On the whole, the carp kidney tissue appears to behave as an osmometer with a certain incompressible volume, gaining or losing either sodium or potassium chloride in various abnormal media or with the two above inhibitors. PMID- 6622559 TI - Utilization of endogenous urea secreted into the gastrointestinal tract of the sheep. AB - The possibility of the utilization of endogenous urea secreted into the gastrointestinal tract was studied in sheep to which a single dose of 3 g 15N urea (50.4% enrichment) was administered by slow infusion via a permanent surgical cannula into the caecum. During a 7 days' experiment, 31.15 +/- 1.08% of the dose was excreted in the urine and 19.65 +/- 1.08% in the faeces, while 49.20 +/- 1.49% was retained in the organism. The maximum 15N values in blood from the jugular vein were found 10 h after starting the infusion and a high concentration was maintained for a further 24 h; sixty hours after the infusion, no more 15N was found in the blood. The maximum 15N values in the total nitrogen of the rumen contents were observed 24 h after the infusion and low levels could still be detected on the 6th day of the experiment. Evidence that 15N participates in enterohepatic and ruminohepatic circulation, and that it is also utilized, is based on the finding of the total, but mainly the protein nitrogen concentration in the duodenum. The maximum 15N values in the total nitrogen (0.247 +/- 0.041 At % 15N) and protein nitrogen (0.262 +/- 0.023 At % 15N) of the duodenal contents were found 24 h after the infusion and 15N could still be demonstrated there in the nitrogen fractions on the 5th day of the experiment. PMID- 6622560 TI - Sequences of three transfer RNAs from mosquito mitochondria. AB - The sequences of three transfer RNAs from mosquito cell mitochondria, tRNAArgUCG, tRNAAspGUC, and tRNAIleGAU, determined using a combination of rapid ladder and fingerprinting procedures are reported. These were compared with hamster mitochondrial tRNAArgUCG and tRNAAspGUC determined similarly, and a bovine mitochondrial tRNAIleGAU determined using a somewhat different approach. The primary sequences of the mosquito tRNAs were 35 to 65% homologous to the corresponding mammalian mitochondrial species, and bore little homology to "conventional" (bacterial or eucaryotic cytoplasmic) tRNA. The modification status of the mosquito mitochondrial tRNAs resembled that of mammalian mitochondrial tRNA. The results contribute to the generalization that metazoan mitochondrial tRNA constitutes a distinctive, albeit loosely structured, phylogenetic group. PMID- 6622561 TI - Chemistry, 13C-NMR study and pharmacology of two saponins from Colubrina asiatica. PMID- 6622562 TI - [Active substances of Asarum europaeum. 16. The local anesthetic activity of the phenylpropane derivatives]. PMID- 6622563 TI - Inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase activity by some isoquinoline alkaloids. PMID- 6622564 TI - Body contouring by lipolysis: a 5-year experience with over 3000 cases. AB - The concept of modifying the body contour with liposuction by developing numerous subcutaneous "tunnels" with subsequent homogeneous contractions of the overlying skin will add a new dimension to the plastic surgeon's armamentarium. Successful correction of these deformities can be obtained without a large amount of surgical undermining and skin resection and with minimal scar formation (Figs. 4 through 11). PMID- 6622565 TI - Lipodissection in body sculpturing: the dry procedure. AB - We have used the honeycombed suction lipectomy (wet and/or dry) in over 700 patients. It represents a major advancement in the treatment of the localized adiposities of the body. Its advantages are eliminating the need for long, unsightly scars and reducing operating time and morbidity. Selection of appropriate patients is of paramount importance for reliable results because this technique is truly sculpting of the soft tissues. Results improve also with the proper training and experience of the surgeon. The indications and complications have been discussed. This technique (honeycombed suction lipectomy) appears more reliable than suction curettage that employs sharp dissection. PMID- 6622566 TI - Regional fat aspiration for body contouring. AB - Our experience with the original suction lipectomy is presented. The fat removal, done with a specially designed suction tube, is performed layerwise, creating a continuous, regular cavity that is transformed into a virtual space by compressive dressings. The main indication being excessive peritrochanteric fat pads, the operation is done under either epidural or general anesthesia. No antibiotics or anticoagulants are administered, and the patients are mobilized as soon as fully awake. Practicing suction-assisted lipectomy for more than seven years, we have never observed an infection, thrombosis, or fat embolism. In experienced hands, good results can be expected in about 80 percent of patients. Complications are almost always of an aesthetic nature as a result of bad indications. The method is not a surgical treatment for severe obesity. PMID- 6622567 TI - Suction-assisted lipectomy, suction lipectomy, lipolysis, and lipexeresis. PMID- 6622568 TI - Some thoughts on suction-assisted lipectomy. PMID- 6622569 TI - Face and neck suction-assisted lipectomy associated with rhytidectomy. AB - A technique is described in which suction-assisted lipectomy is used for excessive fat removal in association with the standard rhytidectomy. It is safe, reliable, and can be performed through a small horizontal submental incision. A more natural appearing neck is produced by adjusting the amount of fat removed. Areas previously considered dangerous for excision because of possible damage to branches of the facial nerves, such as the cheek areas, jowls, parotid, and nasolabial folds, can now be approached. PMID- 6622570 TI - Practical management of congenital choanal atresia. AB - Prevailing theories on the causation of choanal atresia are presented, with emphasis on some of the embryologic and anatomic abnormalities that are consistently found. The teleologic significance of nose breathing has been emphasized. This neonatal characteristic leads to a tongue-palate seal that can be rapidly fatal. Treatment of these patients has been divided into two phases. Phase I deals with immediate establishment of an airway, and phase II deals with the definitive surgical management in these patients. Our preference is for the transpalatine approach. Representative cases highlight our technique. A wire reinforced double-barreled Elastomer stent has been developed and is described. Successful use in five patients is reported. PMID- 6622571 TI - Tongue-flap reconstruction of the lip vermilion in hemifacial atrophy. AB - The lips are key features to be considered in facial balance. Correction of lip atrophy in Romberg's disease, therefore, contributes significantly to restoration of facial symmetry. Along with other ancillary surgical procedures used for facial reconstruction in hemifacial atrophy, tongue flaps provide an excellent means of correction of the lip deformity with minimal morbidity and good results. PMID- 6622572 TI - Salvage of the exposed irradiated mandible. AB - Maintaining the continuity of the tumor-free mandible is a priority objective in managing the patient with head and neck cancer. After review of seven patients with cutaneous or intraoral bone exposure from osteoradionecrosis of the mandible, we recommend treatment consisting of debridement of soft necrotic bone, retention of dry sclerotic bone, and coverage with well-vascularized flap tissue. Utilizing this therapeutic plan, we have preserved mandibular architecture and obtained primary healing of the wounds. PMID- 6622573 TI - The use of cranial bone grafts in the closure of alveolar and anterior palatal clefts. AB - A method is described for harvesting cancellous bone from the diploic space. In our opinion, this is the material of choice for bone grafting alveolar clefts in the 7- to 11-year age group. The procedure could be performed at an earlier age if the maxillary segments are under orthopedic control and in proper alignment. Success of the procedure depends on proper orthodontic preparation of the maxillary segments and careful, complete closure of the soft tissues across the anterior palatal cleft, the nasal lining defect, and the anterior alveolus. Results have been encouraging in terms of bone formation, and tooth migration into the bone graft can be expected if there has been no damage to the dental sac. Closure of the alveolar defect at the time of the primary lip closure would preclude the eventual need for a bone graft, but it cannot be accomplished without early, precise alignment of the maxillary segments if extensive periosteal denudation is to be avoided. The age beyond which periosteal closure alone will be inadequate to provide sufficient bone formation and should be supplemented by a bone graft remains to be established. PMID- 6622574 TI - Comparison of residual osseous mass between vascularized and nonvascularized onlay bone transfers. AB - Composite flaps containing vascularized frontal bone were transferred on muscle pedicles in immature rabbits. Vascular continuity was maintained on one side and interrupted on the other. Bone weights at 16 weeks following transfer were compared with those of unoperated controls. The conventional bone graft demonstrated significant reduction in osseous mass. The vascularized bone maintained its mass compared with unoperated controls. Vascularized bone transfer appears to be the preferred surgical technique whenever possible. PMID- 6622575 TI - Minimizing the pain of local anesthesia. AB - We studied the effect of depth of lidocaine injection into the skin, rate of injection, and temperature of the solution on pain experienced. The intervals of onset and duration of anesthesia were also evaluated. Intracutaneous instillation of lidocaine at body temperature (37 degrees C) is no less painful than injection at room temperature (21 degrees C), but superficial wheal-producing dermal injection is uniformly much more painful than that into the deep dermal subcutaneous tissue region. Rapid injection almost always hurts more than slow. Full anesthesia to pinprick is produced immediately with superficial injection and is present 5 to 6 minutes after deep injection. We suggest that the best method for minimizing the discomfort of inducing local anesthesia is to use a syringe fitted with a No. 30 needle and to inject the smallest amount necessary slowly into the deep dermal-subcutaneous tissue as the needle is being slowly withdrawn. PMID- 6622576 TI - The proximal inset thenar flap for fingertip reconstruction. AB - Modifications of the thenar flap are described that permit a larger area of skin and volume of tissue to be transferred for digital reconstruction while permitting primary closure of the flap donor site. By means of insetting the flap initially into the proximal portion of the finger defect, a more secure blood supply for this larger volume of tissue is obtained and a more natural restoration of digital length, pulp contour, and nail matrix support is achieved at the final insetting. PMID- 6622577 TI - Anterior interosseous nerve compression syndrome: from metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma to the forearm. PMID- 6622578 TI - Congenital scalp defect with distal limb anomalies: brachydactyly and hypoplastic toes. AB - A case report of a congenital scalp defect with distal limb anomalies is presented. Etiology, associated anomalies, treatment, complications, and mortality are reviewed. The presence of prominent scalp veins may be an indication to defer rotation flaps and to obtain immediate coverage with a split thickness skin graft after excision of the eschar. PMID- 6622579 TI - Rhytidectomy flap necrosis in Raynaud's disease. AB - A case of flap necrosis after rhytidectomy in two patients with Raynaud's symptomatology are presented. The pathology and complications are explained and reasons postulated for the necrosis and wound-healing problems. Clinical descriptions of the fingertips and skin may help give a cautious warning for similar cosmetic surgical candidates. PMID- 6622580 TI - The value of the anterior rectus sheath in the transverse abdominal island flap. AB - We report a major modification of technique for the transverse abdominal island flap, namely, taking the anterior rectus fascia with the muscle. We believe that this protects the fine vascular network supplying the flap. This has resulted in a more reliable flap, confirmed by increased fluorescein uptake, and significant reduction in operating time. PMID- 6622581 TI - Ethical and social concerns in facial surgical decision making. PMID- 6622582 TI - Carbenicillin. PMID- 6622583 TI - Paraffinoma as a complication of nasal packing. PMID- 6622584 TI - Umbrella-tipped suction cannula. PMID- 6622585 TI - Disposable cautery as source of batteries. PMID- 6622587 TI - Fasciocutaneous flap. PMID- 6622586 TI - Rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps. PMID- 6622588 TI - [Activity of the enzymes participating in the metabolism of biogenic amines in patients with depressive syndromes. II. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) activity in the soluble erythrocyte fraction]. PMID- 6622589 TI - [Activity of the enzymes participating in the metabolism of biogenic amines in patients with depressive syndromes. III. Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity in the serum]. PMID- 6622590 TI - [The role of triggering factors in the pathogenesis of depressive syndromes]. PMID- 6622591 TI - [Effect of treatment of patients with bipolar depression with optimal doses of amitriptyline on the EEG patterns during sleep and wakefulness]. PMID- 6622592 TI - [The occurrence of pathological elements in drawings and paintings by schizophrenic patients]. PMID- 6622593 TI - [Systems of partnership and socially deviant sexual activities]. PMID- 6622594 TI - [Activity of the enzymes participating in the metabolism of biogenic amines in patients with depressive syndromes. I. Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity]. PMID- 6622595 TI - [Personality studies in patients with cyclophrenia]. PMID- 6622596 TI - Recovery from schizophrenia in the Third World. AB - Approximately two to four billion dollars were spent on the treatment of schizophrenia in the United States in 1971 (Gunderson and Mosher 1975)--about half of one percent of the gross national product. This amount excludes expenditure on social security support for schizophrenics and such indirect costs as loss of productivity. Such a substantial investment should surely have yielded Americans significantly better rates of recovery than in less affluent parts of the world, for psychiatric care is very low on the list of priorities in developing countries. The evidence, however, points overwhelmingly to much better outcome for schizophrenia in the Third World. I will review the evidence in some detail and then analyze the possible reasons for this surprising finding. PMID- 6622597 TI - Women, career changes, and the new self. An analysis of rhetoric. AB - Women's movement from the norms of domesticity toward equality with men has proceeded, more than other political movements, along a path marked by personal accounts--that is, by statements in the traditional genre of confession. These autobiographical texts have often been displayed with the aim of recruiting followers and setting standards for liberation. Their potential repercussions are therefore considerable. Because these texts are meant to persuade, they acquire an ambiguity. They blur the line between life story and call to arms. In this paper we are particularly concerned with women's accounts of their career changes. We shall show that women who were asked about such changes had more than a single story to tell. A recurrent pattern of inconsistency can be discerned when one compares their initial polished accounts with their subsequent more careful recollections and descriptions. The indubitable benefits of career change are rhetorically distorted. From these distortions unfortunate consequences are apt to arise--first for the subjects themselves, then for the audience to whom the accounts are addressed, and finally for the very language which serves us to criticize social conditions and to guide human development. The rhetorical distortions are not gratuitous, however, and we offer an explanation of both their power and their necessity. PMID- 6622598 TI - Autonomy and motherhood. AB - Recently, increasing numbers of middle-class women have been choosing to continue to pursue their careers even during the early phases of their children's development. In some mental health circles, this has led to concern about the compatibility between motherhood and the autonomy which such women are demonstrating. Because of the canons of their training, most mental health professionals have definite expectations about the role of the mother in child development and a definite set of criteria for evaluating whether or not a given woman is a "good enough" mother. This underlying attitude is voiced in their concern with such questions as: "What are the boundaries between the woman's right to self-development and her legitimate pride in self-sustenance and the child's right to a psychologically available mother, who can act as a model and can guide her child's development?" Within this belief system, the notion of autonomy evokes not only the idea of self-fulfillment and independence but also the specter of selfishness and self-indulgence. Therefore, a mother's autonomy is viewed as being a rather suspect condition for the child's healthy growth and development. The object of this paper is to review the concept of the "good enough" mother, to examine and to define the concept of autonomy, and to consider whether or not the two can be compatible. PMID- 6622599 TI - The psychodynamic life narrative: a psychotherapeutic intervention useful in crisis situations. AB - The Psychodynamic Life Narrative is a psychotherapeutic maneuver used during the first few sessions of a consultation with a patient in a crisis situation. By establishing a powerful bond between physician and patient, it offers the possibility of a rapid relief of dysphoric symptoms. In some situations, it may be useful in mobilizing a recalcitrant patient to accept psychotherapy or, in the case of the physically ill, to accept diagnostic procedures and treatments previously refused. It is most effective in patients whose general adaptation has been stable and whose psychological homeostasis has been disrupted by a life event of real and symbolic significance. Though the psychodynamic life narrative was first explored as a therapeutic maneuver in the treatment of depression in the physically ill (Viederman and Perry 1980), for reasons which will be described below, it has applicability to other situations of crisis--in some cases crises that have occurred in the distant past and left residual symptoms. This maneuver is not presented as a substitute for long-term psychotherapy or psychoanalysis where this is required and possible, and has distinct disadvantages where these treatments are contemplated. However, in some situations it may lead to significant change, particularly in the area of self and object-representations. PMID- 6622600 TI - Ego boundary as process: a systemic-contextual approach. AB - This paper examines the ego boundary construct, outlining its origin and development within psychoanalytic theory and demonstrating the ways in which its interpretation and use have been affected and circumscribed by the structural model upon which psychoanalytic theory is based. In particular, I will discuss the sequence of reasoning by which the construct boundary became synonymous with barrier at the expense of consideration of its role in maintaining contact and exchange with the world. The contributions and limitations of the mathematical model of Kurt Lewin are also discussed. An alternative systemic-contextual model is proposed, a model which describes boundary not as barrier but as dialectical processes of separation and inclusion which mediate a person's complex relationship with the world. PMID- 6622601 TI - Men in extreme conditions: some medical and psychological aspects of the Auschwitz concentration camp. AB - The second world war ended many years ago. Most of those who survived the stay at the German concentration camp at Auschwitz have already died of the consequences of their imprisonment; those still alive are already in the last third of their life. Is there any point in returning to the experiences of those days? Consideration of the mental hygiene of former prisoners cautions us that perhaps we should not do it. But consideration of the general interest holds that we are not entitled to ignore any knowledge that can contribute to social development- including medicine and psychology--even if acquired under unspeakably awful conditions. In addition, since the war new generations have grown up that play an increasingly significant role in various spheres of life but have little concrete information about those events; they can neither rationally nor emotionally understand how the horrors connected with fascism and the war could have happened. In a sense it is encouraging that they cannot grasp such inhuman behavior; nevertheless, we must adhere to the following motto: "Nothing must be forgotten, nobody will be forgotten." We owe it to those millions who did not survive--both the victims of the Holocaust and those who fought against it. These are arguments in favor of returning to the facts that are ineffaceably recorded somewhere in our memories. In doing so, however, we must remember that at times we are revisiting experiences of a boy of 14 as recalled by a 50-year-old man. The material below, examining the medical as well as psychological aspects of imprisonment at Auschwitz, is based on my own memories, as an adolescent imprisoned at Auschwitz. I have tried to move from this individual account to more general statements, although the methodological apparatus on which scientific analysis is usually based is absent. PMID- 6622602 TI - Pathology as "personal growth": a participant-observation study of lifespring training. AB - This paper presents an overview of a Lifespring Basic Training workshop from a psychoanalytic perspective. Basing our conclusions on a participant-observation study, we argue that the impact of the training was essentially pathological. First, in the early period of the training, ego functions were systematically undermined and regression was promoted. Second, the ideational or interpretive framework of the training was based upon regressive modes of reasoning. Third, the structure and content of the training tended to stimulate early narcissistic conflicts and defenses, which accounted for the elation and sense of heightened well-being achieved by many participants. PMID- 6622603 TI - Big me and little me: a Chinese perspective on self. AB - To achieve peace and harmony in this world, it is essential to recognize our common humanity across differing cultures. However, our enthusiasm for universal principles may at times lead us unknowingly to advocate what is in fact an ethnocentric attitude, hindering mutual understanding. Simpson's (1974) attack on moral development research attests to this. On the other hand, attempts to compare and contrast cultural differences may result in oversimplification. To steer a course between the Scylla of parochialism and the Charybdis of superficiality, the present paper will explore a Chinese perspective regarding a common human condition. PMID- 6622604 TI - Relapse in schizophrenia: a review of the concept and its definitions. PMID- 6622605 TI - The idiot savant: flawed genius or clever Hans? PMID- 6622606 TI - Life events and psychological morbidity: the evidence from prospective studies. PMID- 6622608 TI - The significance of subclassification in anorexia nervosa: a comparative study of clinical features in 141 patients. AB - Within a sample of 141 female anorexia nervosa patients comparative investigations were carried out between three subgroups: dieters, binge-eaters, and vomiters/purgers. A number of significant differences were found, especially with respect to age and duration of illness, previous treatment failures, and long-term outcome. The results appear to support the authors' view that the static idea of anorexia nervosa as a unitary illness should be abandoned and replaced by a dynamic dimensional model according to which, in the course of time, changes may occur in the clinical picture of dysorectic patients. PMID- 6622607 TI - Memory functions and prophylactic treatment with lithium. AB - Memory functions were examined in a group of 53 patients with affective disorders before commencing prophylactic lithium therapy and then after 4 and 12 months of lithium treatment. The memory tests administered were the 30 Figure Test, the 30 Word-Pair Test, the 30 Person-Data Test (these tests are included in the Cronholm Molander test battery) and the 30 Face Test. Three scores were obtained : immediate memory score, delayed memory score and forgetting score. There were no statistical significant differences between these scores before lithium therapy or after 4 and 12 months, except for immediate and delayed memory on the Person Data Test and the 30 Face Test which showed an increased score of memory functions. The results of this study support the view that long-term lithium treatment with serum levels of about 0.6 mmol/l does not induce memory disturbances. PMID- 6622609 TI - The metamorphosis of schizophrenia: from chronicity to vulnerability. AB - On the evidence of long-term follow-up studies of cohorts of patients in Europe the outcome of schizophrenia appears to be changing from chronicity to an episodic course with a more favourable outlook. While the reasons for this change are unclear it is suggested that schizophrenia is characterized essentially by a state of vulnerability to the disorder. This vulnerability may or may not give rise to an episode of illness, depending on the incidence of triggering life event stressors and on the moderating influences of social networks, ecological factors, and premorbid personality. The traditional view of schizophrenia as an essentially chronic condition reflects not so much the natural history of the disorder as iatrogenic influences, lack of satisfactory extra-mural care, the accumulation of a relatively small proportion of truly chronic illnesses and the failure to recognize the termination of an episode of illness in patients with poor premorbid personalities. Evidence for the episodic nature of schizophrenia is presented. PMID- 6622610 TI - Screening for abnormal eating attitudes and psychiatric morbidity in an unselected population of 15-year-old schoolgirls. AB - The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) have been validated in an unselected population of 15-year-old South London schoolgirls. Scores on the questionnaires were compared with the results of standard interview. The EAT was found to be an efficient screening instrument for abnormal eating attitudes and behaviour, whereas the GHQ was less satisfactory in its ability to screen for psychiatric morbidity in this age group than in adults. At the optimal cutting points, 6.9% of this population gave a positive response to the EAT and 19.3% gave a positive response to the GHQ. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the two sets of scores. Compared with their peers, girls giving a positive response to the EAT also reported that they missed more meals during the day and that their weight was more unstable. PMID- 6622612 TI - The Brief Symptom Inventory: an introductory report. AB - This is an introductory report for the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), a brief psychological self-report symptom scale. The BSI was developed from its longer parent instrument, the SCL-90-R, and psychometric evaluation reveals it to be an acceptable short alternative to the complete scale. Both test--retest and internal consistency reliabilities are shown to be very good for the primary symptom dimensions of the BSI, and its correlations with the comparable dimensions of the SCL-90-R are quite high. In terms of validation, high convergence between BSI scales and like dimensions of the MMPI provide good evidence of convergent validity, and factor analytic studies of the internal structure of the scale contribute evidence of construct validity. Several criterion-oriented validity studies have also been completed with this instrument. PMID- 6622611 TI - A record-linkage study of mortality and general hospital discharge in patients diagnosed as schizophrenic. AB - Six hundred people diagnosed as schizophrenic by the specialist psychiatric services in Oxfordshire, between 1971 and 1973, were identified from the Oxford Psychiatric Case Register (OPCR). The person records of deaths and hospital discharges held by the Oxford Record Linkage Study (ORLS) wee used to examine the following items of information for members of this group: details of discharges from an surgical operations performed in Oxfordshire non-psychiatric hospitals in a 6-year period before and a 4-year period after the date of first inclusion in the OPCR, and details of deaths in a 4-year period after the date of first inclusion in the OPCR. The numbers of deaths, discharges and operations so observed in the study group were compared in age, sex and major diagnostic groups with the expected numbers derived from rates prevailing in the Oxfordshire population over the same periods. Observed deaths were twice as numerous as expected in both sexes, and the numbers of general hospital discharges were also higher than expected. Ischaemic heart disease was the commonest cause of death in both sexes, but did not account for the excessive numbers of hospital discharges. Trauma and poisoning accounted for the excess both of deaths in younger members of the study group and of general hospital discharges overall. Social and environmental difficulties associated with the diagnosis schizophrenia are likely to have contributed more than any inherent biological disadvantage to this excess. PMID- 6622613 TI - Evaluating a household survey measure of psychic distress. AB - This paper describes a study to assess the validity of a brief household survey measure of psychic distress (PSYDIS). The measure classifies persons according to their pattern of scores on four dimensions, including anxiety and depression. Study subjects were interviewed first as respondents from the general population in a cross-sectional household survey. Then, according to their ratings on PSYDIS, subsamples were selected for psychiatric evaluation in a clinic a few weeks later. The survey ratings of 287 persons were compared with evaluations of the same persons by experienced psychiatrists. Overall levels of concordance ranged from 76% to 80%, depending on the psychiatric criterion used. Concordance was very high for women; it was lower for men and for persons classified as High on PSYDIS. We than applied two analytic strategies for increasing agreement between the clinical judgements and the clinical ratings. Strategy number I augmented the symptom checklist data with additional survey data on the subject's history of episodes of distress. Strategy II revised procedures for constructing the PSYDIS typology by (1) using more rigorous cutting point scores on the component scales, and (2) using a non-typological method of classification. The first strategy improved agreement between the clinic and survey measures; the second did not. The paper also compares PSYDIS with other brief symptom checklist measures. PMID- 6622614 TI - The influence of minor psychiatric morbidity on consulting rates to general practitioners. AB - The presence and severity of Minor Psychiatric Morbidity (MPM) as measured by the 60-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and being female rather than male, increases the consulting rate of people in the community to their general practitioner. The rate of increase of consulting decreases as the severity of MPM increases. There is an interaction between age and MPM, giving progressively increased consulting rates in the older age groups in males but not females. The possibility of a biological difference between males and females in the interaction of MPM and physical, and of age and physical illness, is raised. PMID- 6622616 TI - The Doppelganger, disintegration and death: a case report. AB - The phenomenon of a Doppelganger (the double autoscopy heautoscopy) and its resolution in a psychotic patient is presented. A comparison is made between this experience and the phenomenon as it is described and defined in the literature. The themes of death and disintegration so commonly associated with the Doppelganger in folklore and literature are highlighted by this patient's experience. PMID- 6622615 TI - Erotomania in males. AB - In anglophonic countries erotomania has traditionally been regarded as a female disorder of little more than curiosity value. The French literature recognizes the disorder in males, but as a rarity. In a recently collected group of violent male offenders the syndrome proved to be fairly common. The offending behaviour was invariably triggered by the core symptom. A description is provided of four cases whose level of aggression was low but appeared to be directly related to the firmness with which the delusion of being loved was held. The disorder of these men can be regarded as a variant of one of the major functional psychoses, but for the purposes of predicting behaviour and management there may be advantages in treating it as a syndrome in a similar taxonomic category as that of morbid jealousy. PMID- 6622617 TI - Medical students' attitudes to psychiatry at the end of the clinical curriculum. AB - The significantly favourable changes in medical students' general attitude to psychiatry and intention to specialize in the subject, which we found after an 8 week psychiatric clerkship, were maintained one year later, at the time of the students' M.B., B.S. examinations. However, of 18 specific attitudes to psychiatry, only one changed significantly overall - fewer students agreed that 'psychiatrists are held in poor regard by most other doctors'. Contrary to other reports, these preliminary findings suggest that a psychiatric clerkship may be followed by stable attitudes and intent towards the specialty. PMID- 6622618 TI - A scheme for assessing measurement sensitivity in program evaluation and other applied research. PMID- 6622619 TI - Missing data in psychiatric research: a solution. PMID- 6622620 TI - Effects of change of mothers and lighting conditions on the development of the circadian adrenocortical rhythm in blinded rat pups. AB - Free-running blood corticosterone rhythms were examined between the 4th and 9th postnatal week in blinded rat pups optically enucleated on day 1. The pups were born of mother rats having a free-running rhythm under constant illumination conditions and then were put under two separate illumination conditions (light - dark cycle and dark - light cycle) under the care of foster mothers already synchronized to each respective condition. Despite being born of the same mother rat, when the pups were raised by a mother with a different rhythm from that of the natural mother, they showed a different phase from that of the pups raised by the natural mother. Furthermore, each possessed different phase angles, depending on the rhythm of their respective foster mothers. On the other hand, although the rhythm of the natural mothers differed, when the rhythms of the nursing mothers were the same after birth, the blinded pups showed similar phase angles during the observation periods. These data suggested that the blinded pups were not affected by the rhythm of the natural mothers but rather showed a phase angle in accordance with the rhythm of the nursing mother. PMID- 6622621 TI - Social supports as stress buffers for adult cancer patients. AB - Although a growing body of research evidence suggests that persons encountering stressful life circumstances are protected from potential declines in health and well-being by supportive relationships, the evidence for the stress-buffering qualities of social support for cancer patients is equivocal. This study examines the relationship between naturally occurring, supportive behaviors and psychological adjustment to the illness for 32 nonhospitalized adult cancer patients, and includes follow-up data collected 7 months after the initial interview. Results indicated that although support appeared to have few effects on adjustment at either time point for the sample as a whole, social support was related to poorer adjustment for patients not undergoing chemotherapy or radiation treatments, or for those with many limitations on physical functioning. These findings, though tentative because of the sample size, point to the need to consider the specific contextual stresses the cancer patient is experiencing in evaluating psychosocial adjustment to the illness, and suggest caution in assuming social supports to be a universal boon. PMID- 6622622 TI - Group therapy and hypnosis reduce metastatic breast carcinoma pain. AB - The pain and mood disturbance of 54 women with metastatic carcinoma of the breast were studied over the course of one year. A random sample was offered weekly group therapy during the year, with or without self-hypnosis training directed toward enhancing their competence at mastering pain and stress related to cancer. Both treatment groups demonstrated significantly less self-rated pain sensation (t = 2.5 p less than 0.02) and suffering (t = 2.17, p less than 0.03) than the control sample. Those who were offered the self-hypnosis training as well as group therapy fared best in controlling the pain sensation (F = 3.1, p less than 0.05). Pain frequency and duration were not affected. Changes in pain measures were significantly correlated with changes in self-rated total mood disturbance on the Profile of Mood States and with its anxiety, depression, and fatigue subscales. Possible mechanisms for the effectiveness of these interventions are discussed. PMID- 6622624 TI - The prospects for psychosomatic medicine: selected topics. PMID- 6622623 TI - Biopsychobehavioral correlates of insomnia. II. Pattern specificity and consistency with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. AB - In a study designed to assess personality patterns of patients with chronic insomnia, a total of 528 subjects (428 insomniacs and 100 controls) completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Comparison of the MMPI profiles of insomniacs from a semirural area and of those from an urban area, each in a completely different geographic region, showed results consistent for high levels of psychopathology as well as for specific personality patterns within and between groups. The personality patterns of insomniac subjects were remarkably homogeneous: only a few MMPI code types accounted for about one-half of each insomniac sample. The insomniac profiles were consistently characterized by the presence of neurotic depression, rumination, chronic anxiety, inhibition of emotions, and an inability to discharge anger outwardly. The results of this study confirm the original hypothesis that the handling of stresses and conflicts through an internalization of emotions leads to physiologic activation and is a major factor underlying the development and maintenance of chronic insomnia. PMID- 6622625 TI - Internal body image of the brain. AB - We show that there is a body image of an internal organ--the brain. Using questionnaires and drawings to compare three groups--healthy subjects, acutely ill and chronic patients (with a brain disease)--we demonstrate that there is constant body image, which is very little influenced by brain disease. PMID- 6622626 TI - Perceptions and causal attributions of Israeli women with breast cancer concerning their illness: the effects of ethnicity and religiosity. AB - The study analyzes the perceptions, causal attributions, and attitudes toward help of a group of 33 Jewish Israeli women with breast cancer. We find two distinct response patterns--that of the 'Western' patients (science-oriented, active) and that of the 'Oriental' ones (fatalistic, passive). Questions regarding the relationship of response patterns, cultural context and coping levels are discussed. PMID- 6622627 TI - A behavioral approach to marital therapy. A Greek experiment. AB - In this paper we refer to some problems encountered and techniques used in treating 14 couples with behavioral psychotherapy. In all 14 cases neurotic symptomatology was present, at least in the spouse who first sought help. Patients also complained of a lack of between-couple communication and understanding. 12 spouses complained of an unsatisfactory sex life. Treatment was planned in coordination with the couple and tasks were set for both of them. The main target was the improvement of communication in every aspect of marital life. Treatment lasted for about 3-6 months, and every couple had about 8-12 sessions. The outcome was considered as excellent in 4 couples and satisfactory in 7. In 3 cases no improvement was observed. A year later no recurrence was reported. PMID- 6622628 TI - An outcome study of primal therapy. AB - 13 patients who had primal therapy had a psychodynamic interview before treatment and at 2 years follow-up by independent evaluators. 10 patients had neurosis and 3 personality disorders according to DSM-III criteria. Of the 11 patients who stayed in treatment, 8 were definitively improved on all outcome variables. 1 patient had an affective psychosis triggered by the treatment. Success in primal therapy correlates with the psychological resources of the patient. The good results indicate that the systematic use of catharsis in psychotherapy should be explored further. PMID- 6622629 TI - Suicidal trends in patients with asthma and hypertension. A chart study. AB - A chart study revealed a significantly higher percentage of suicidal trends in patients with asthma and hypertension as compared to patients in two control groups. The theoretical significance of this finding is briefly discussed. PMID- 6622630 TI - Patients' fantasies about physical illness. AB - All patients with physical illness have an underlying fantasy concerning why they became sick. This fantasy can be elicited by the consulting psychiatrist and the treating physician. The meaning of the fantasy is consistent with the psychodynamic theory of human behavior. Also, once the fantasy is understood, it can be applied in the patient's therapy. PMID- 6622631 TI - Systematic understanding of cancer patients who refuse treatment. AB - The refusal of treatment by cancer patients often takes place in a highly charged emotional context. Clinicians facing these situations frequently feel they are confronting an ethical dilemma involving whether to accept the patient's refusal or persuade the patient to a different position. However, most situations involving refusal of treatment involve issues of psychological distortions, interpersonal dysfunction, medical systems dysfunction, or psychiatric disorder, such as depression or organic mental disorder. By systematically reviewing these dimensions with the patient, many apparent dilemmas involving refusal of treatment will be resolved. PMID- 6622632 TI - Interdisciplinary team approach to emergency psychiatric care. PMID- 6622633 TI - Hypothyroidism--or is it depression? PMID- 6622634 TI - Computerized biochemical profiles for alcoholism. PMID- 6622635 TI - Intraocular pressure in patients receiving psychotropic medications. PMID- 6622636 TI - Atypical psychosis in Usher's syndrome. PMID- 6622637 TI - Health and its promotion. PMID- 6622638 TI - Visit of Pope John Paul II to Cardiff on 2 June 1982. PMID- 6622639 TI - Hospital referral in acute stroke. PMID- 6622640 TI - Seroimmunity to rubella virus in Jordanians. PMID- 6622641 TI - Immunization in childhood and computer scheme participation. PMID- 6622642 TI - Snails, schistosomiasis, and irrigation in the tropics. PMID- 6622643 TI - Sodium hypochlorite, an overlooked therapeutic adjunct for Herpes simplex infections. PMID- 6622644 TI - Occupational health nursing services in two countries. PMID- 6622645 TI - Sex education in Nigeria: problems and proposals. PMID- 6622646 TI - Friends and lovers in the college years. PMID- 6622647 TI - Increased serum enzyme activity in microwave-exposed rats. AB - Heat stable serum enzymes were studied in rats exposed to microwaves (2.45 GHz, 120 Hz amplitude modulated) 24 hr after a single 4-hr exposure or immediately after 3 and 10 exposures to 0.1 to 55 mW/cm2. In addition, stable colonic temperature at 41.5 degrees C for 30 min was maintained by microwave exposure in a group of five rats under barbiturate anesthesia. Alkaline phosphatase and lactic dehydrogenase did not increase as a result of microwave exposure. Increased serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) were noted in the 41.5 degrees C group 24 hr after exposure. A threshold body temperature for acute cellular injury after microwave exposure was demonstrated. The acute cellular injury could be in the liver. These mild elevations in the serum enzyme levels (mean +/- SE, GOT = 167 +/- 40 U/liter: GPT = 74 +/- 26 U/liter) indicated that the injuries were not accompanied by any significant sequelae in the rat. From this threshold and colonic temperature (41.5 degrees C for 30 min) in barbiturate-anesthetized, microwave-exposed rats, we derived a tentative threshold for the whole-body average absorption rate at 14 W/kg (70 mW/cm2 at 2.45 GHz for adult rats) for 4 hr. This tentative threshold is subject to changes by duration of exposure and by compounding variables influencing maintenance of body temperature. PMID- 6622648 TI - Polyfunctional Radiosensitizers. VI. Dexamethasone inhibits shoulder modification by uncharged nitroxyl biradicals in mammalian cells irradiated in vitro. AB - Overnight exposure of Chinese hamster cells (V. 79-753B) in vitro to 1 micrograms/ml dexamethasone increases the radiation resistance of the cells by about 20% both in air and in hypoxia, while having no appreciable effect on the oxygen enhancement ratio (OER). This is accompanied by substantially higher levels of glutathione. When dexamethasone-treated hypoxic cells are irradiated in the presence of nitroxyl biradicals there is no effect on the slope ratio of of the exponential portion of the survival curves. In the case of uncharged biradicals, Ro.03-6061 and RSU-4072. which have been shown to modify the shoulder region of the hypoxic cell survival curve, there is an increase in extrapolation number in dexamethasone-treated cells. When hypoxic cells are exposed to the charged biradical RSU-4073, which does not exhibit shoulder modification, there is no change in extrapolation number. Experiments to examine the effect of concentration of these compounds on radiosensitization show that lower concentrations of both RSU-4072 and RSU-4073 are required to mediate changes in the slope of the hypoxic cell survival curve than to mediate shoulder modification, in the case of RSU-4072. Quantitative ESR data comparing the uptake of RSU-4072 and RSU-4073 with the monoradical TMPN into cells suggest that the cell membrane may act as a barrier to the incorporation of biradicals, and that this is greater for charged than for uncharged compounds. Treatment of cells with dexamethasone does not affect the uptake of the compounds. The data suggest, however, that the cell membrane may be an important site for localization of uncharged biradicals and that this may be important in determining shoulder modification. PMID- 6622649 TI - Effect of cycloheximide on skin and renal radiation tolerance in the rat. AB - The effect of cycloheximide (CHM) on skin and renal radiation tolerance in the rat has been studied. When administered 24 hr prior to a range of single radiation doses to the hind limbs, the drug protected against skin damage. When administered at intervals of 45 min to 100 hr prior to single-dose irradiation of the kidneys, no protection against renal injury, as manifested by blood pressure, urine creatinine level, and lethality, was observed. CHM-induced alteration in the cell cycle may confer radioprotection to a rapidly proliferating cell renewal system such as the skin and exert no radioprotective action in slowly proliferative tissue such as kidney. PMID- 6622650 TI - Response of colony-forming units-spleen to heavy charged particles. AB - Survival of colony-forming units-spleen (CFU-S) was measured after single doses of photons or heavy charged particles from the BEVALAC. The purposes were to define the radiosensitivity to heavy ions used medically and to evaluate relationships between relative biological effectiveness (RBE) and dose-averaged linear energy transfer (LET infinity). In in vitro irradiation experiments. CFU-S suspensions were exposed to 220 kVp X rays or to 20Ne (372 MeV/micron) or 40Ar (447 MeV/micron) particles in the plateau portion of the Bragg curve. In in vivo irradiation experiments, donor mice from which CFU-S were harvested were exposed to 12C (400 MeV/micron). 20Ne (400 or 670 MeV/micron), or 40Ar (570 MeV/micron) particles in Bragg peaks spread to 4 or 10 cm by spiral ridge filters. Based on RBE at 10 survival, the maximum RBE of 2.1 was observed for 40Ar particles characterized by an LET infinity of approximately 100 keV/micron. Lower RBEs were determined at lower or higher estimated values of LET infinity and ranged from 1.1 for low energy 40Ar particles to 1.5-1.6 for low energy 12C and 20Ne. The responses of CFU-S are compared with responses of other model systems to heavy charged particles and with the reported sensitivity of CFU-S to neutrons of various energies. The maximum RBE reported here, 2.1 for high energy 40Ar particles, is somewhat lower than values reported for fission-spectrum neutrons, and is appreciably lower than values for monoenergetic 0.43-1.8 MeV neutrons. Low energy 12C and 20Ne particles have RBEs in the range of values reported for 14.7 MeV neutrons. PMID- 6622651 TI - Pulse radiolytic study of the interaction of thiols and ascorbate with OH adducts of dGMP and dG: implications for DNA repair processes. AB - Using the technique of pulse radiolysis, the interaction of .OH radicals with 2' deoxyguanosine (dG) and dG-5'-monophosphate (dGMP) has been shown to result in the production of intermediates with different redox properties as demonstrated by their reactions with tetranitromethane (TNM) and N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p phenylenediamine. The ratio of the yields of oxidizing to reducing-type .OH radical adducts of dGMP was determined to be about 1:1 and independent of pH (6 11). The nature of the intermediates produced on reaction of .OH with dGMP are discussed. The thiols, cysteine, glutathione, mercaptoacetic acid, and ascorbate have been shown to interact with those .OH adducts of dGMP and dG with oxidizing properties preferentially via an electron transfer process (k approximately 3 X 10(7)-1.4 X 10(9) dm3 mole-1 sec-1) as implied from the pH dependence of the rate constants. It is further demonstrated that oxygen and TNM do not interact with those .OH adducts of the purines with oxidizing properties. The implications of these findings are discussed with reference to the mechanistic aspects of radioprotection and especially of radiosensitization. PMID- 6622652 TI - Sensitivity of cell subpopulations obtained from a heterogeneous human colon adenocarcinoma to ultraviolet light. PMID- 6622653 TI - Combined electron radiation and hyperthermia. Repair of DNA strand breaks in NHIK 3025 cells irradiated and incubated at 37, 42.5, or 45 degrees C. AB - Induction of DNA strand breaks by a short electron pulse (18.5 Gy) and the subsequent strand-break rejoining were investigated at hyperthermia (42.5 and 45 degrees C) and at 37 degrees C during irradiation and repair. The cells were irradiated immediately after 2.5 min equilibration (i.e., from 37 to 42.5 or 45 degrees C) to investigate the effect of short-duration hyperthermia on radiation damage and subsequent repair. Due to a high radiation dose rate and a rapid lysis technique, the cells could be kept at the actual temperature during irradiation and repair, and the strand-break frequency could be measured only seconds after irradiation. At all temperatures, a constant or possible increase in the initial number of breaks was observed during the first 7 sec after the electron pulse. At 37 degrees C, strand-break rejoining was nearly complete within 1 hr. Hyperthermia at 42.5 degrees C had only minor influence on the net rate of strand break rejoining. At 45 degrees C, 50% of the breaks remained after 1 hr. Subsequent incubation for 23 hr at 37 degrees C reduced by half the number of breaks remaining at 1 hr in irradiated samples. Unirradiated samples exposed to the same heat treatment showed a significant increase in the number of DNA strand breaks. Thus, heat treatment at 45 degrees C may lead to a combined effect of reduced rejoining capacity and formation of breaks after the electron pulse which in turn may be responsible for increased cell death when both modalities are employed. PMID- 6622654 TI - Radiosensitization of Staphylococcus aureus by secobarbital sodium and other barbiturates. AB - The barbiturate hypnotic, secobarbital sodium, at millimolar concentrations, sensitizes Staphylococcus aureus in anoxic buffer-saline suspension (pH 7.0) to the lethal effects of gamma rays. The maximal response represents 50% of that for oxygenated suspensions without additive. Secobarbital sodium operates within the oxygen effect. It must be present at the time of irradiation for modification of radiation response. This, coupled with its testing in the presence of other additives, points to its involvement in an intracellular reaction with a radiation-induced short-lived chemical species, probably the electron. Preliminary tests show that pentobarbital sodium also operates as an efficient hypoxic radiosensitizer. Lack of sensitization by phenobarbital sodium is attributed to its low lipid solubility. PMID- 6622655 TI - Reproduction in male Japanese quail exposed to microwave radiation during embryogeny. AB - Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) embryos were exposed continuously to 2.45 GHz CW microwave radiation during the first 12 days of embryogenesis. The incident power density was 5 mW/cm2, and the specific absorption rate (SAR) was 4.03 mW/g. At 23 weeks of age an assessment of the reproductive capacity of the males was performed. Spermatozoal numbers and motility in semen samples which were collected manually were reduced significantly (P less than or equal to 0.01). However, spermatozoal viability and gross morphological characteristics in the exposed birds were not consistently different from the controls. Relative testicular weights were not altered significantly in the exposed males. Percentage of fertile eggs was significantly reduced when exposed males were mated to sham control females. The percentage of fertile eggs obtained from mating exposed males with sham control females was 72.5%, while the percentage of fertile eggs from mating of sham control males with sham control females was 80.4%. These data indicate that reproductive capacity in male Japanese quail is reduced when the birds are exposed to 2.45 GHz CW microwave radiation during embryogenesis. PMID- 6622656 TI - Capillary blood flow in murine tumors, feet, and intestines during localized hyperthermia. AB - Changes in capillary blood flow were determined by serial measurements of xenon 133 (133Xe) washout rates from "Slow-line" C3H-mouse mammary carcinomas transplanted onto the flank or hindfoot, from non-tumor-bearing hindfeet, and from the lumen of a short portion of the proximal jejunum. The core temperature of the pentobarbital-anesthetized mice was externally controlled. Special techniques allowed selective rapid and uniform heating by water bath immersion of even the flank tumors and nonexteriorized jejunum. Immersion in a 44 degrees C bath immediately doubled washout rates not only from the immersed tumor, but also from a contralateral tumor that was not heated. This result and behavioral observations were consistent with an arousal-induced increase in cardiac output to the tumors that increased the capillary blood flow in them. In contrast, washout rates from the hindfeet or intestinal lumen did not increase unless the foot or intestine in question was itself heated, which is consistent with normal tissues having intrinsic mechanisms for regulating their own capillary blood flow that the Slow-line tumor lacks. This lack could complicate the design and interpretation of hyperthermia experiments in vivo. Immersion of Slow-line tumors in a 44 degrees C bath for 20 min did no microvascular damage detectable from 133Xe washout rates during the heating or for 1 hr subsequently. Washout rates from both foot and flank tumors had dropped by one-half after 41-43 min in the 44 degrees C bath. Equivalent declines had occurred after 60 min for the intestine and 100 min for the hindfeet. PMID- 6622657 TI - The response of stromal progenitor cells in mouse marrow to graded repeated doses of X rays or neutrons. AB - After four repeated doses of 1.5 Gy X rays to mice (3-week intervals), the number of colonies containing fibroblasts that could be grown in vitro from femoral marrow recovered to control numbers by 80 days. After four higher doses, recovery was incomplete, and after four doses of 4.5 Gy, the number was half of the control level up to 1 year after irradiation. After four doses of 14.7 MeV neutrons, no threshold was detected for this late effect, and the RBE was about 2 at 4.5 Gy X rays and about 6 at 1.5 Gy X rays. The RBE for the acute effect on the stromal progenitor cells was also about 2 at 4.5 Gy X rays. The stromal progenitor cells could not be spared relative to hemopoietic stem cells (CFU-S) after neutrons, in contrast to the sparing observed after low-dose fractions of X rays. Experiments with local X irradiations of the leg, and with subcutaneous transplants of femora, revealed no significant recovery of stromal progenitor cells due to migration. However, recovery in situ could be enhanced slightly by marrow grafts i.v. PMID- 6622658 TI - Radiographic studies of exotic species. PMID- 6622659 TI - Manpower planning and radiographers. AB - The future of the profession may depend on the gathering of reliable information and the correct forecasting of requirements. Mr Jordan outlines the recommendations of the Korner Committee and considers these in the light of College policy. PMID- 6622660 TI - An examination of X-ray spectra. PMID- 6622661 TI - Reducing radiation doses to the breast, thyroid and gonads during diagnostic radiography. Part 2. Measurement of doses to the gonads during radiography of the pelvis. PMID- 6622662 TI - [Results of double-contrast examination of the colon]. AB - Experiences and results of double-contrast enemas are reported. The accuracy of double-contrast enemas is proved by 500 consecutive investigations. Correlation of endoscopic and roentgenologic investigations showed, that the double-contrast enema is a reliable method concerning the detection of polyps, carcinomas and inflammatory colon diseases. Advantages and disadvantages of roentgenology and endoscopy of the colon are discussed. PMID- 6622663 TI - [Roentgen morphology of extramural masses in double-contrast images of the digestive system]. AB - A model for analysis, adapted to double contrast technique, is presented which helps to detect extrinsic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. During retrospective evaluation of double contrast examinations of 73 patients this scheme enabled the correct diagnosis in 96%. PMID- 6622664 TI - [Extracolonic-infiltrative process of the sigmoid colon and the rectosigmoid junction]. AB - The problems of extracolic-infiltrative lesions of the sigmoid colon and recto sigmoid junction are discussed, based on representative case studies. Because of the localisation of these bowel segments in the lower peritoneal cavity, they can be reached by direct infiltration of contiguous tumors--especially carcinoma of the ovary--or by seeding into the pouch of Douglas and the sigmoid mesocolon. In many cases characteristic roentgen-morphologic features indicate a secondary infiltration, but inflammatory and malignant lesions have to be differentiated. The differential-diagnosis must consider also diverticulitis, endometriosis and extracolic growth of colonic carcinoma. Additional ultrasonography and computed tomography may help to clear topographical relations and to detect direct and indirect signs of peritoneal carcinomatosis and abscess. PMID- 6622665 TI - [Cowden's disease--"multiple hamartoma syndrome"--with gastrointestinal manifestations]. AB - A case report is given demonstrating changes of the intestinal tract in a patient with Morbus Cowden. The clinical picture of the disease is described including differential diagnosis. The high risk of accompanying malignant lesions and the need of early detection of the disease are pointed out. PMID- 6622666 TI - [Tumor of the inferior pole of the kidney?]. PMID- 6622667 TI - [NMR-whole body tomography: a new imaging method]. AB - NMR tomography (zeugmatography) can provide 2D and true 3D images of the human body. Advantages of this new imaging method in medicine are the possibilities to get both anatomic and functional images at one time without any invasive procedures. Furthermore, NMR has no ionizing radiation hazards. The spacial resolution of NMR tomography ranges between 0.5 and 3.0 mm. Within the next years, NMR tomography will replace several conventional X-ray, CAT scanning and nuclear medicine techniques. This article gives a brief survey of NMR basics and its medical applications. PMID- 6622668 TI - [NMR whole-body tomography. Requirements for equipment and space]. AB - First general considerations of the new NMR technique are given. Then disturbing influences on the magnet coming from outside as well as influences upon the environs coming from the magnet are pointed out. Next the inside arrangements of examination rooms are discussed. Finally accessory and emergency equipment for the examination rooms are mentioned. PMID- 6622669 TI - [The spine and polytopic hyperostoses in gout and hyperuricemia]. AB - Investigations were made on a total of 92 patients with gout and hyperuricemia. 30% had no clinical signs of spinal involvement. The remaining 70% were examined radiologically and by xero-radiography. Examination revealed signs of erosion of vertebral bodies, spondylodiscitis, osteopenia, manifestations of Forestier's disease and changes on sacroiliac joints. In 35% of subjects there were polytopic hyperostoses including an increased incidence of calcifications around the large joints and periosteal appositions at the periphery, particularly on the finger and toe tips. The hypothesis was raised that massive calcifications and manifestations of hyperostosis and ossification of the ligaments and tendons (osteodesmosis) in gout may correlate with a latent glycide metabolism disorder like in Forestier's disease. PMID- 6622670 TI - [Pharmacophlebography with dihydroergotamine]. AB - Insufficient imaging of the deep venous system of the lower limb can be expected in phlebography varying in number with the kind of venous disease. Either too little contrast is achieved or even a pair of deep veins are missed. Studying the effects of dihydroergotamine a shift of blood flow from surface to depth could be proven. In consequence a second phlebography after administering dihydroergotamine led to a decisive contrast enhancement in 85.7% and to the imaging of the missing veins in 75%. A control study without application of a pharmacon did not show these results. Administering 0.5-1.0 mg of dihydroergotamine i.v. (providing no contraindication is present) can improve the diagnostic value of phlebography in problem cases. PMID- 6622671 TI - The development of coxarthrosis. A radiological follow-up of patients operated upon. AB - It is necessary to distinguish between coxarthrosis and age-related changes, as the latter are not signs of disease. Cartilage destruction is the earliest definite radiological sign of arthrosis. The femoral head is displaced when cartilage destruction and secondary osseous changes have reached an advanced stage. This implies a circulus vitiosus and an acceleration of the arthrotic process. Coxarthrosis can be divided into two types, medial and cranial. The size of the CE angle (see Fig. 1) is of decisive importance for the type of coxarthrosis to be developed. The present study demonstrates that coxarthrosis is as a rule of a secondary nature, the aetiology being pre-arthrotic deformities that cause abnormal load conditions in the hip joint. Synovitis plays an important role in the pathogenesis in many cases. PMID- 6622672 TI - Biparietal thinning: correlation with CT findings. AB - A typical case of thinning of the parietal bones in an elderly female patient is reported. Frontal CT sections adequately demonstrate the disappearance of the diploe and the flattening of the outer table. PMID- 6622673 TI - [Cause of hydronephrosis?]. PMID- 6622674 TI - [Roentgen morphology of sport injuries to the pelvic apophyses]. AB - Pelvic apophyses are places of insertion of strong muscles and tendons and are therefore places of least resistance at the end of skeletal growth. Avulsions and disruptions of pelvic apophyses can be caused by overstrain during different kinds of sport activity. Typical radiological findings in 8 different cases of ruptures of apophyses, osteochondropathies, and resulting conditions of sport injuries are demonstrated. The difficulties of correct diagnosis and differential diagnosis are pointed out. The significance of hormonal impairment of ossification for development and stress factor of pelvic apophyses is exposed. Questions of treatment and follow-up studies are discussed. PMID- 6622675 TI - [Winter sport injuries to the carotid artery]. AB - In 6 patients with a trauma in wintersport we observed carotid artery injuries in the past 13 years. The diagnosis were two occlusions, one dissection, a bilateral stenosis, a traumatic aneurysm and a subclavian steal phenomenon. A spontaneous bilateral thrombosis of the carotid artery was seen during skiing. A carotid artery lesion should be diagnosed as soon as possible followed by an adequate therapy. PMID- 6622676 TI - Diffuse infiltrative lung disease: a new scheme for description. AB - A scheme was devised for semiquantitative description of the diffuse infiltrative lung diseases using the graphic terminology of the International Labour Office and Union Internationale Contre le Cancer (ILO/UC) classification. Conventions for grading the type (rounded or "pqr" and irregular or "stu"), severity (profusion in 12 steps), localization of opacities, and pleural disease were retained. Modifications included: (a) a third group of opacities, called "xyz," corresponding to reticulonodular patterns; (b) "ground glass" (alveolar) patterns, subdivided into 7 types by character and location; (c) notations for severity of emphysema; and (d) hilar node enlargement. This initial study concerned diagnostic aspects and therefore was limited to 365 cases proved by open biopsy. When this scheme was used without any knowledge of clinical data, the first two radiologic diagnostic choices corresponded with the principal histologic diagnosis in 50% of cases. The biopsy diagnosis was mentioned among the first three choices in 78% of cases. It is concluded that this classification provides an understandable and quantifiable system of communication and a tool for teaching, clinical research, and epidemiologic studies. PMID- 6622677 TI - Tomography of the pulmonary hili. Anatomical reassessment of the conventional 55 degrees posterior oblique. AB - Classic anatomical drawings of the pulmonary hili based on conventional 55 degrees posterior oblique tomograms must be modified to include the superior pulmonary veins, which can be more prominent in oblique projections than in anteroposterior views. Inadequate understanding of the limitations of conventional tomography in soft-tissue analysis, combined with simplistic modeling of hilar anatomy in fixed oblique orientations such as 55 degrees, can lead to errors in diagnosis. PMID- 6622678 TI - Effects of contrast media on pulmonary hemodynamics: comparison of ionic and non ionic agents. AB - Hemodynamic effects of pulmonary arterial injections of ionic (sodium methylglucamine diatrizoate) and non-ionic contrast media (iohexol) were compared in 9 anesthetized dogs which were maintained with an open thorax in a resting control state. Both were found to increase pulmonary arterial pressure and cardiac output. In addition, both resulted in decreased systemic vascular resistance, though the effect was significantly less with the non-ionic agent. Aortic pressure did not change with the non-ionic agent but fell drastically with the ionic agent. Contrary to prevailing beliefs, the predominant response of the pulmonary circulation to contrast media was a fall rather than a rise in pulmonary vascular resistance. PMID- 6622679 TI - Extravascular lung water: effects of ionic and nonionic contrast media. AB - The effects of right atrial injections of Renografin 76 (meglumine diatrizoate), hypertonic (5%) sodium chloride, and iohexol, a new nonionic contrast medium, on sequential measures of left atrial pressure and extravascular lung water in anesthetized dogs were studied. Renografin 76 caused significant transient elevations of extravascular lung water; control levels were reestablished at 15 20 minutes after injection. These changes occurred in the absence of significant changes in left atrial pressure. Iohexol reduced extravascular lung water slightly while hypertonic saline transiently increased it. The increased extravascular lung water after right atrial injections of ionic contrast medium can only partially be explained by the tonicity of the medium. This increase was not observed with nonionic medium, suggesting that nonionic media may be preferable imaging agents in patients with underlying lung or heart disease, and may be more suitable for digital intravenous examinations. PMID- 6622680 TI - Smoke inhalation: radiologic manifestations. AB - The medical records and radiographs of 62 patients admitted for smoke inhalation were reviewed to determine the value of the plain chest radiograph in the early detection of inhalation injury. Pulmonary edema resulting from the inhalation injury often leads to pulmonary insufficiency, and its early diagnosis is crucial to the management of patients with this condition. In addition to the usual presentation of pulmonary edema, subtle radiographic findings of interstitial edema such as perivascular fuzziness and peribronchial "cuffing" were observed. Of 56 patients with significant inhalation injury, 35 (62.5%) had radiographic findings attributed only to smoke inhalation. These abnormalities often had a characteristic distribution in the lungs, and in the majority of patients they appeared in the first 24 hours after the injury. The radiologic diagnosis of inhalation injury may be made at a time when findings of other diagnostic tests are still equivocal or mildly abnormal, thus alerting the clinician to impending pulmonary failure. PMID- 6622681 TI - Differentiation of aortic and mitral valve prostheses based on postoperative frontal chest radiographs. AB - The authors reviewed the postoperative frontal chest radiographs of 77 patients given aortic or mitral prostheses in one year and evaluated the criteria for distinguishing between the two: position (cephalocaudal or transverse), orientation (vertical or horizontal), orifice (en face or in profile), direction of flow through the valve (toward the cardiac apex or ascending aorta), and information given on the consultation form. 91% of patients had at least one form containing incomplete or incorrect information. Direction of flow appears to be the best criterion, being discernible in all Starr-Edwards and most Bjork-Shiley prostheses; orifice and orientation are considerably less reliable, while position is totally unreliable. PMID- 6622682 TI - Esophageal food impaction: treatment with glucagon. AB - Nineteen patients who had foreign bodies in the distal esophagus were examined prospectively to determine the efficacy of intravenous glucagon in relieving the obstruction. The administration of glucagon resulted in clearance of the impacted food in seven patients. Although the success rate is relatively low, the risk is minimal and justifiable. Use of intravenous glucagon is a safe, worthwhile initial step in the treatment of distal esophageal foreign bodies. PMID- 6622683 TI - Detection of retained surgical sponges. AB - The accuracy of radiographic detection of neurosurgical sponges was measured experimentally. Commercially available sponges were inserted into a cadaver in several paravertebral locations and radiographed. A total of 72 radiographs (90 sponges) were assessed, as well as an equal number of radiographs without sponges. The images were viewed by eight observers, whose responses showed marked variation in both false negatives and false positives; however, the two types of errors were compensatory and all responses were located along the same receiver operating characteristic curve. Mean false-negative and false-positive rates were both about 10%. In addition, false-negative rates varied between 3 and 25% according to the type of sponge. PMID- 6622684 TI - Teleradiology: results of a field trial. AB - A microcomputer-based teleradiology system was tested over a six-month period by linking a medical center with four distant clinics. Data from more than 4,000 diagnostic x-ray examinations were digitized and transmitted from the clinics to the center, where they were displayed on video terminals and interpreted by 30 military and civilian radiologists. The original radiographs were interpreted independently and the video and film reports compared to determine the feasibility of the teleradiology system. Evaluation of the clinical effectiveness of the system indicated that the quality of the video images resulted in diagnostic findings and impressions that were somewhat less accurate than those reported from comparable film images. PMID- 6622685 TI - Local thrombolytic therapy for subclavian and axillary vein thrombosis. Treatment of the thoracic inlet syndrome. AB - Four patients with primary subclavian-axillary vein thrombosis are described. Each patient received local thrombolytic therapy, resulting in reestablishment of antegrade flow via the axillary and subclavian veins. An intrinsic venous abnormality (perimural fibrosis and/or intimal dissection) identified at the first rib-clavicle junction (subclavian-axillary vein junction) was thought to be responsible for the thrombosis. One of the four patients subsequently underwent a surgical venous bypass of the abnormal segment, and a second underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. PMID- 6622686 TI - Catheter-related thrombosis and fibrinolytic therapy. AB - Fifty-seven local transcatheter infusions of low doses of fibrinolytic agents for the treatment of occlusive vascular disease were performed in 49 patients. Thrombosis developed around the infusing catheter in 15 (26%) of these cases. Patients with occlusive vascular disease are at increased risk for the development of thrombosis around indwelling catheters because of the low flow state that exists proximal to the occlusion. PMID- 6622687 TI - Antegrade ureteral stenting in the management of fistulas, strictures, and calculi. AB - Percutaneous ureteral stents were used in the management of 24 patients with ureteral fistulas, strictures, and calculi. This technique provides control of the urinary stream and maintains ureteral caliber while healing occurs. It is a useful alternative to the retrograde cystoscopic or surgical approach. PMID- 6622688 TI - Work in progress: transcatheter embolization with cyanoacrylate and nitrocellulose. AB - The authors describe a modified form of isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate (IBCA) which has been mixed with less than or equal to 4% w/w of nitrocellulose. Transcatheter embolization was carried out in rabbits and dogs without complications. The glue was readily injectable without balloon catheters. Because of its delayed polymerization, it was carried into smaller peripheral arterial branches by the bloodstream, resulting in complete organ ablation without development of collateral circulation. Other advantages of the modified compound include improved plasticity, adherence to not only ionic but also dry non-ionic surfaces, and the ability to control the duration of polymerization. PMID- 6622689 TI - Intracranial vascular malformations in children: computed tomographic and angiographic evaluation. AB - Thirty-nine cases of intracranial vascular malformations in children were reviewed. All patients underwent preoperative computed tomography (CT) and 35 had complete preoperative angiographic work-ups. The CT features of intracranial vascular malformations in children are described. Among the 39 patients, there were 30 parenchymal arteriovenous malformations, four dural arteriovenous malformations, three cavernous angiomas, and two venous angiomas. Combined CT and angiography allowed a highly specific diagnosis in 77% of the cases. PMID- 6622690 TI - Colonic strictures in infants following intestinal ischemia. Treatment by balloon catheter dilatation. AB - Successful balloon catheter dilatation through the defunctionalized limb of a colostomy was performed in three infants with postischemic colonic stricture. This experience suggests that balloon catheter dilatation can be an alternative to surgical resection in treating delayed ischemic colonic stricture. PMID- 6622691 TI - Omphalocele associated with umbilical cord allantoic cyst: sonographic evaluation in utero. AB - The ultrasonographic in utero diagnosis of nine fetal omphaloceles was made between 1978 and 1982. In three patients an allantoic cyst of the umbilical cord was associated with the abdominal wall defect. This association should alert the ultrasonographer to consider the possibility of omphalocele when an apparent cyst of the umbilical cord is observed. PMID- 6622692 TI - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: cerebral computed tomographic manifestations. AB - CT examination of the central nervous system was performed in 19 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Eighteen patients were homosexuals, and five drug abusers. Parenchymal and meningeal inflammations were seen in patients with intracranial manifestations of the disease. The most common demonstrable lesion in the parenchyma was toxoplasmosis, which produced ring enhancement, solid enhancement, and nonenhancing focal edema. The most common meningeal inflammation was cryptococcosis, which was diagnosed by examination of the cerebrospinal fluid and did not show specific CT changes. It is concluded that toxoplasmosis and cryptococcosis should be the first diagnostic consideration in patients with neurologic findings who have a history of homosexuality and/or intravenous drug abuse and previous unusual infections or anergy. A delayed contrast scan, single or double dose, appears to be the most accurate method of outlining the total extent of disease thereby helping to locate the best biopsy site for pretreatment diagnosis. Empirical institution of toxoplasmosis therapy is recommended in those cases in which CT findings are consistent with toxoplasmosis and the biopsy shows only nonspecific encephalitis. A biopsy of every parenchymal lesion is not considered necessary. PMID- 6622693 TI - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: neuroradiologic findings. AB - Central nervous system complications depicted by CT in ten patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are described. Three patients had multifocal intra axial enhancing lesions representing atypical brain abscesses (two with toxoplasmosis, one with candidiasis). A fourth patient with multifocal "ring" lesions whose biopsy was interpreted as suggestive of toxoplasmosis responded poorly to treatment. Following his death three months later of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, autopsy revealed primary intracerebral immunoblastic lymphoma. One patient had Kaposi sarcoma involving the right frontal lobe (seen as an enhancing mass on the CT scan). CT findings in the remaining five patients revealed mild to moderate enlargement of cerebrospinal fluid spaces (including ventricles and basal cisternae) as a result of cryptococcal meningitis in three patients and "aseptic" meningitis in two. The two patients in whom early biopsy confirmed toxoplasmosis responded well to anti-infective therapy, resulting in dramatic clinical recoveries. PMID- 6622694 TI - Ventricular volume and cognitive deficit: a computed tomographic study. AB - A group of 35 patients with presumptive diagnosis of Alzheimer disease and 29 normal volunteer spouse controls, all over the age of 60, underwent medical and neurologic evaluation, an extensive psychometric battery, and CT scanning. CT ventricular volume was derived for each CT section by algorithm summation of the number of pixels within a user-defined cerebrospinal fluid range. Composite ventricular volume for each patient, obtained by summation of the individual section ventricular volumes, was corrected for brain size by dividing by the sum of the five largest brain section volumes. For the normal group, composite ventricular volume thus derived was 5.2% and for the impaired group 7.5%; the 44% difference was significant (p less than .009). Increasing ventricular volume was significantly associated with increasing severity of cognitive impairment (p less than .05). PMID- 6622695 TI - Metrizamide myelography: blood and cerebrospinal fluid response. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid and blood were examined for immunologic factors before and after metrizamide myelography in 13 patients who underwent lumbar myelography and seven patients who underwent thoracic myelography. Clinical symptoms were also recorded. The results were consistent with a toxic reaction to the contrast medium, rather than an immunologic one. PMID- 6622696 TI - The upper aerodigestive tract and neck: CT evaluation of recurrent tumors. AB - Review of CT scans and clinical records of 46 patients with known or suspected recurrent tumor of the upper aerodigestive tract and neck has afforded a new radiographic perspective on the natural history of these neoplasms. The 46 patients included a group of 34 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract and a group of nine patients with nonsquamous malignancies metastatic to the neck. Recurrences were evaluated for interval to recurrence, site of recurrence, and CT impact on the clinical management of the recurrent tumor. Results of the study indicate that CT detects tumor beyond the limits of physical examination in 32% of cases and in doing so may alter radiotherapy ports or the surgical approach. CT was the only means of demonstrating recurrent squamous cell carcinoma in 27% of that patient group. Moreover, the study shows the potential of CT to reduce delay in diagnosis in both patient groups, but most dramatically in those patients with nonsquamous malignancies. Recommendations for CT follow-up in this patient population are made based on this experience. PMID- 6622697 TI - Pterygopalatine fossa: computed tomographic studies. AB - The CT appearance of the pterygopalatine fossa is described in detail. Anatomic and CT sections were compared in cadavers and patients in axial and coronal CT planes to identify the osseous configuration and vascular and neural contents of the fossa. The normal fat, soft-tissue, and osseous margins are altered by neoplasms in the fossa. CT is an effective technique to evaluate the fossa and contiguous area. PMID- 6622698 TI - Laryngotracheal aspiration: analysis of specific neuromuscular factors. AB - A review of 618 pharyngeal examinations with barium demonstrated laryngotracheal barium in 108 patients. Frame-by-frame analysis of the video studies of these patients suggested the muscle groups responsible for the observed dyscoordination or dysfunction. Review of the literature suggested multiple causes for barium in the airway. Knowledge of specific muscular causes of aspiration should enhance the understanding of neuromuscular dyscoordinations and dysfunctions of the pharynx. PMID- 6622699 TI - Correlation of high-resolution, B-mode and continuous-wave Doppler sonography with arteriography in the diagnosis of carotid stenosis. AB - One hundred thirty-one carotid bifurcations in 73 symptomatic patients were prospectively studied with high-resolution, B-mode sonography (HRS) and continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound (CWD). Twenty-three bifurcations were studied because of asymptomatic bruits, 30 for transient ischemic attacks, and 36 for focal or nonfocal symptoms or signs suggesting occlusive disease. The remaining 42 bifurcations were asymptomatic, with symptoms or signs confined to the contralateral bifurcation. Findings in the common, external, and internal carotid arteries (total, 393 vessels) were tabulated separately for plaque severity (HRS), ulceration (HRS), and degree of occlusion (HRS and CWD). HRS correctly estimated plaque severity in 67% of vessels, with 13% overestimated and 20% underestimated. HRS was only 44% sensitive for detection of 81 angiographically demonstrated ulcers. Among 187 occlusive lesions (ranges, less than 50%, greater than or equal to 50%, less than 70%, greater than or equal to 70% decrease in diameter or complete occlusion) HRS correctly estimated luminal narrowing in 62%, CWD in 30%, and HRS plus CWD in 70%. Among greater than 50% occlusive lesions, HRS was correct in 48%, CWD in 59%, and HRS plus CWD in 69%. These results suggest that (a) HRS is not accurate for diagnosis of ulceration, (b) Doppler and B-mode combined are more accurate than separate use of either procedure for evaluation of occlusive lesions, and (c) the level of accuracy in evaluating plaque and stenosis provides a general estimation of severity of disease but does not allow for precise diagnosis. PMID- 6622700 TI - Male breast carcinoma and gynecomastia: comparison of mammography with sonography. AB - Both ultrasonography and x-ray mammography were performed on a male patient who had breast carcinoma. While the x-ray mammographic features were highly suggestive of malignancy, the sonographic findings were subtle. Because of the technical difficulties associated with x-ray mammography of the male breast, ultrasound has been advocated for the evaluation of gynecomastia and breast masses in men. A review of both the ultrasound scans and x-ray mammograms obtained over a three year period of 41 men who had breast enlargement shows the two modalities to be complementary. There was overlap in the appearance of benign and malignant disease on images of each modality alone, and the use of both modalities in the examination of each patient is believed to improve diagnostic accuracy. PMID- 6622702 TI - Patterns of resolution in successfully treated hepatic amebic abscess: sonographic evaluation. AB - Gray-scale sonography has provided a means of following cases of successfully treated hepatic amebic abscess, allowing new insights into the natural history of this entity. In this study the majority of cases (23 of 32) resolved over a variable time period (1.5-23 months, median 7 months) to a normal sonographic hepatic parenchymal pattern. It is important that the transient, persistent abnormality seen after successful treatment not prompt reinstitution of therapy or further diagnostic testing in these patients. A smaller subgroup (six of 32) had sonographically persistent residua that appeared identical to benign simple cysts of the liver. The remaining three lesions showed slightly increased or decreased hepatic echogenicity after treatment. PMID- 6622701 TI - Sonographic measurements of the normal liver, spleen, pancreas, and portal vein. AB - Normal values and upper limits (95th percentile) of liver, spleen, pancreas, and portal vein size were determined prospectively with ultrasound in 915 healthy subjects. Sex, age, weight, height, and body surface area were determined in each case. Since correlation of longitudinal and transverse organ diameters with physical data was poor (r less than or equal to 0.3), the authors do not consider it necessary to correct the measurements accordingly. However, the liver is oriented longitudinally in slender subjects and transversely in heavy subjects; thus both longitudinal and anteroposterior diameters need to be measured, since the longitudinal diameter alone will give too high or too low a value, respectively. PMID- 6622703 TI - Gray scale of ultrasound instruments: evaluation using a test object. AB - B-mode scans of castor oil in a wedge-shaped container provide gray level maps. The relation between the gray levels and the amounts of absorbing medium can be used to measure the effects of electronic gain, transducer characteristics, and the overall gray level performance of different ultrasound systems. We report results from four units and ten transducers for varying scanning depths. PMID- 6622704 TI - Metastatic colon carcinoma detected with radiolabeled F(ab')2 monoclonal antibody fragments. AB - Nine patients with colonic carcinoma were studied with I-131-labeled F(ab')2 fragments of an anti-colorectal carcinoma monoclonal antibody. A total of 69% of colon cancer sites were detected without background subtraction; metastases from a concurrent breast carcinoma in one patient were not seen. Lesions ranged from 1.5 to 8 cm. The mean thyroid uptake of I-131 at 24 hours was 0.25%. Half-lives of I-131 in the blood (protein-bound and total) fit a two-compartment model, with half-lives of 3.5 and 27.6 hours for the protein-bound fraction and 3.6 and 23.8 hours for total I-131. Using quantitative methods, a mean value of 0.0047%/cm3 of the administered dose was localized in the tumor at peak concentration, which occurred approximately 48 hours post-administration. This has implications for therapy planning. PMID- 6622705 TI - High-speed, single-screen/single-emulsion film systems: basic imaging properties and preliminary clinical applications. AB - We investigated the potential clinical use of single-screen/single-emulsion film systems by comparing their relative speeds, modulation transfer functions (MTFs), Wiener spectra, and H & D curves with those of conventional screen-film systems. The relative speeds of single screens with single-emulsion Kodak OM film (single systems) were 50-60% lower than those of the conventional double screens with double-emulsion Kodak OG film (double systems), but the single systems yielded a 75-110% increase in the MTF at 2 cycles/mm. The single system had a noise level comparable to or slightly greater than that of the double systems. Phantom images and preliminary clinical radiographs indicated that single systems can improve image resolution over that obtainable with double systems under the same exposure conditions. More importantly, the use of a single system provided an approximately 40% reduction in patient exposure while providing a comparable radiographic image quality. PMID- 6622706 TI - Breast radiography: phantom, equipment performance, and radiation dosage comparisons for twenty-eight major mammography centers in the midwest. Work in progress. AB - This preliminary report discusses mammography tests that were conducted at 28 midwest medical centers. Equipment-parameter measurements were made, and images that were obtained with the Stanton Mark IIR Mammography Phantom were studied to compare image quality. These tests indicate that variations in equipment parameters and techniques can result in differences in the imaging of various sized phantom fibril and speck groups. PMID- 6622707 TI - Carotid-cavernous fistula. Intravascular treatment with a self-sealing detachable balloon. AB - Five traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulas were treated using a new self-sealing, detachable, silicone-rubber balloon, as part of a balloon-catheter system, and a modified technique for positioning the balloon. The fistulas were occluded successfully in four patients; in a fifth patient, a small fistula persisted. In each instance, the internal carotid artery flow was preserved. The flexible balloon-catheter system can be guided via the blood flow and still not require a coaxial catheter for detachment. Moreover, the flexibility of the balloon and catheter resulted in easy positioning through a tortuous internal carotid artery. PMID- 6622708 TI - Breast radiography using the oblique projection. AB - For 3,058 consecutive women who underwent film-screen mammography, oblique, mediolateral, and cephalocaudal images were obtained. Eighty neoplasms were identified. The oblique view disclosed all but one of the cancers; for six patients, it was the only projection that depicted a lesion in the upper-outer quadrant of the breast. Therefore, a two-view mammographic examination should consist of an oblique and cephalocaudal projection. PMID- 6622709 TI - Barium stalactites: observations on their nature and significance. AB - Stalactites--droplets of barium hanging from protrusions on the nondependent mucosal surface of the stomach and seen on double contrast studies--are described. Their importance in the diagnosis of polypoid lesions is shown. PMID- 6622710 TI - Dermal deposits mistaken for breast calcifications. AB - Isolated skin calcifications can be mistaken for intramammary clustered microcalcifications. Confirmation of the dermal location of benign skin deposits will avoid unnecessary biopsy procedures. PMID- 6622711 TI - Intra-arterial foreign body retrieved using endoscopic biopsy forceps. AB - During therapeutic embolization, inadvertent misplacement of the Gianturco Anderson-Wallace (GAW) coil can occur. Surgical removal may neither be practical nor simple. The authors retrieved a misplaced GAW coil percutaneously using easily maneuverable grasping forceps. PMID- 6622712 TI - Skin fixation of drainage and perfusion catheters. A new method. AB - The author describes an alternate procedure for secure skin fixation of drainage and perfusion catheters without the need for skin sutures. Catheter kinking is avoided. The catheter is unlikely to be dislodged during dressing changes, but can still be adjusted easily by the radiologist. PMID- 6622713 TI - The treatment of acute esophageal food impaction. AB - Acute food impaction in the distal esophagus usually occurs in patients who have benign strictures, abnormal rings, esophagitis with spasm, or motility disturbances. Since a fixed fibrotic stricture or ring appears to be more common than spasm, the author advocates the administration of gas-forming agents in a first attempt to push the food into the stomach, to be followed by the intravenous administration of glucagon if results are not forthcoming. However, some patients will require endoscopic removal of the impacted food no matter what course of treatment is followed. PMID- 6622714 TI - Re: Nonspecificity of the "rim sign" in the scintigraphic diagnosis of missed testicular torsion. PMID- 6622715 TI - Re: Standardization of video and digital formats. PMID- 6622716 TI - Re: Computed tomographic confirmation of femoral vein distension with the valsalva maneuver. PMID- 6622717 TI - 69th Scientific assembly and annual meeting: the Radiological Society of North America. Chicago, November 13-18, 1983. Works in progress: abstracts. PMID- 6622718 TI - Release of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis from layers of guinea pig aorta. AB - Release of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) from layers of ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pig aorta after antigenic challenge in vitro was investigated. SRS-A was determined by bioassay and in terms of leukotriene C4 like immunoreactivity using radioimmunoassay. While no SRS-A could be detected before challenge, the adventitia released considerable amounts of SRS-A after addition of antigen to the incubation medium. On the other hand, an inner layer of the aortic wall consisting of smooth muscle tissue with some adherent endothelium released only small amounts of SRS-A after challenge. PMID- 6622719 TI - [Dialogue without words. Non-verbal aspects of psychoanalytic interaction]. PMID- 6622720 TI - [Relation of physician, patient and disease. A linguistic study of texts from a Balint group]. PMID- 6622721 TI - On the reason, why psychiatry in 80 years could not integrate schizo-affective psychoses. Can it now? AB - Schizo-affective psychoses are neither schizophrenias nor affective psychoses. What makes them particular are the pathological changes in emotions. As has already been pointed out by Wernicke in 1900, virtually all changes in the patient's psychopathology are dependent on the actual degree of anxiety or other pathological emotions. But neither emotion nor even anxiety has ever been part of any psychiatric semiology. Although emotional psychoses--a term we would prefer instead of schizo-affective psychoses--are easy to diagnose, if the psychiatrist takes into consideration the pathology of emotions which we outline here, it seems unlikely that psychiatry is now more able to integrate these psychoses than it was 80 years ago. This can be put down to language problems, but there are also historical, symptomatical, methodological, and systematic reasons for it. PMID- 6622722 TI - The importance of the schizo-affective psychoses within the psychopathological and nosological systematics. AB - Schizo-affective psychoses lead more often to reintegration of the paranoid hallucinatory pattern than schizophrenic psychoses. The author interprets schizo affective psychoses in the light of his systematic psychopathology and concludes that excitation is intensified in comparison with cyclothymia. Ego destruction is more serious, but paranoid manifestations decrease in the course and emotional syndromes become more pronounced. Prognosis depends on the intensity of therapeutic efforts in the sense of psychopharmacological and supportive therapies and is not prestabilized. PMID- 6622723 TI - Schizophrenia and schizo-affective psychosis. AB - The position taken in the 3rd edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM III), which holds that schizo-affective psychoses cannot be defined unequivocally, that no unambiguous criteria for these psychoses can be determined, and that they cannot be placed into either of the two main groups of functional psychoses, illustrates the present status of schizo-affective psychoses. The study of their position in relation to schizophrenia and manic depressive psychoses is also essential: after all, the placing of a patient into either category plays a crucial role in the choice of treatment. For example, recent research on the success of lithium treatment in schizo-affective psychoses shows the practical relevance of this line of study. It seems that, like many other mental disorders, the internal structure of schizo-affective psychoses is highly heterogenous, and it is therefore not always possible to place them as a whole into either of Kraepelin's diagnostic categories. PMID- 6622724 TI - Nosological position of schizo-affective psychoses in France. AB - French clinicians unanimously reject the term 'schizo-affective' in favor of two specific French diagnostic categories: the 'bouffees delirantes polymorphes, Magnan-type' and the 'dysthymic schizophrenias'. The present article presents the results of two recent nationwide investigations into French clinicians actual opinions and diagnostic practices in this field. It provides operational definitions based upon empirical diagnostic criteria and compares the two concepts with related concepts from other schools. PMID- 6622725 TI - Problems of schizo-affective disorders. AB - The inclusion of schizo-affective type under schizophrenia in ICD-9 (9th revision of the international classification of diseases) and under psychotic disorders not elsewhere classified in DSM-3 (3rd edition of diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders), the absence of this term in the French classification, and its parallelism among Scandinavian writers with cycloid psychosis - all the above data reflect the present perplexity of schizo-affective disorders. Recent studies showed the presence of depressive symptoms in a large number of acute and chronic schizophrenias as an integral part of the schizophrenic process. The difficulty of differential diagnosis between mania and schizophrenia has added to our present dilemma. A review and discussion of the present status of the term 'schizo-affective disorders' are presented. A plea is made to abandon the dichotomy of functional psychosis with delineating 'psychosis of unknown etiology' into three or four categories (as this is no more functional). PMID- 6622726 TI - Long-term prognosis and course of schizo-affective, schizophreniform, and cycloid psychoses. AB - From the Bonn study including 502 patients followed up an average 22.4 years after onset of schizophrenic disease diagnosed according to the criteria of K. Schneider, we selected 113 cases of schizo-affective, schizophreniform, and cycloid psychoses in accordance to the definitions given by Kasanin, Retterstol, Angst, and Leonhard. These psychoses have a better prognosis than the whole sample: characteristic residues are seen more rarely, complete remissions and noncharacteristic residues more frequently. This group of psychoses differs from the whole sample in the hereditary taint, too: the morbidity risk with affective psychoses and with schizophrenic psychoses in first- and second-degree relatives is higher than in the total sample of the Bonn study. In spite of the better prognosis and other differences described in the paper, we believe that these results do not justify the classification of schizo-affective and related disorders as an independent disease group. Between these different subtypes of schizophrenia only a differential typology and not a differential diagnostic is possible. PMID- 6622727 TI - Is the concept of 'schizo-affective psychoses' prognostically of value? AB - The concept of 'schizo-affective psychoses' covers favourable as well as unfavourable forms of endogenous psychoses. Thus, it does not help us for a nosological classification which must also allow for the prognosis. In order to make a prognostic distinction we have to subdivide the schizo-affective psychoses into the 'cycloid psychoses' and the 'non-systematic schizophrenias'. Also the latter display affective symptoms and can take a bipolar course, but, despite this, tend to deterioration; they do so increasingly shift after shift, whereas the cycloid psychoses completely recover after every phase. Even during the first phase or shift a reliable differential diagnosis can be made. This has been confirmed by follow-up examinations, as the cycloid psychotics, in fact, had recovered. Only very few misdiagnoses could be detected. If we want to classify prognostically, we must separate the cycloid psychoses from the true schizophrenias. PMID- 6622728 TI - Prognostic prediction in RDC schizo-affective disorder on the basis of first-rank symptoms weighted in terms of outcome. AB - Most recent research has failed to demonstrate that first-rank symptoms (FRS), globally or individually, have any ability to predict outcome. yet, some findings have suggested that misidentification of person (Personenverkennung) and/or thought insertion and/or made impulses on the one hand, and voices commenting on the other, might be associated with a good and a poor prognosis, respectively, in schizophrenia. In the present study, FRS, weighted with respect to prognosis on the basis of this hypothesis, were used to arbitrarily set up subsamples of RDC schizo-affective disorders in terms of several predicted outcome categories. However, no differences came to light between various RDC schizo-affective groupings defined in this way with respect to total outcome mean scores. In contrast, however, a significant difference on this prognostic measure was found when RDC schizo-affective probands with any type of FRS were compared with those lacking FRS, the latter group having the lower or better outcome score. PMID- 6622729 TI - Course of paranoid psychoses in relation to diagnostic grouping. AB - The author stresses the importance of diagnosis in psychiatry and gives a short presentation of the Scandinavian concepts of reactive psychoses and schizophreniform psychoses. On the basis of his own personal follow-up investigations on 301 consecutively admitted patients to the University Psychiatric Clinic in Oslo, followed up through 5-18 years, he concludes that the schizophreniform (schizo-affective) psychosis also in prognostic respects is a group in between. Of the patients with a discharge diagnosis of reactive psychosis, 81% had a favourable course compared to 61% of the patients with a discharge diagnosis of psychosis e genere incerto (Langfeldt's schizophreniform psychoses) and only 23% of the patients with a discharge diagnosis of schizophrenia. PMID- 6622730 TI - Schizo-affective disorder, manic type. A clinical, laboratory, and genetic study. AB - We studied a sample of 111 Feighner manics divided into 42 'pure' manics without any schizophrenic features, 41 manics with one such feature, and 28 with two or more such features. The three groups did not significantly differ on any major demographic, clinical, historical, treatment response, laboratory, or familial variable tested. We also applied the DSM-III schizophrenia and schizophreniform criteria to these 111 Feighner manics. Only 1 manic had an index episode longer than 6 months (a necessary criterion for schizophrenia), whereas 13 (12%) satisfied the schizophreniform criteria. We compared these 13 Feighner manics satisfying DSM-III schizophreniform criteria with the remaining 97 Feighner manics and could find no major demographic, clinical, or laboratory differences between the two groups. Although not statistically significant, the morbidity risk for affective disorder in the first-degree relatives of the 97 Feighner manics was three times the risk in the relatives of the Feighner manics who also satisfied the DSM-III schizophreniform criteria. The morbidity risk for alcoholism in these relatives was one-half that of first-degree relatives of the 'schizophreniform' manics. The two groups did not differ in total risk for alcoholism and affective disorder. PMID- 6622731 TI - Approaches to an exact definition of schizo-affective psychoses for research purposes. AB - The perplexity psychiatry is faced with when approaching the problem of 'schizo affective disorders' is the result of two characteristic features of human psychology: The first consists in the tendency to pick up quickly attractively formulated terms and to prefer them to others designating the same facts. The second psychological trend referred to concerns the use of a well-sounding term in a definition which deviates from the original one. The nosological implications of the existence of the 'cases in between' (K. Schneider), attributable neither to schizophrenia nor to cyclothymia, are briefly reviewed. It is suggested to speak of schizo-affective disorders only if the criteria for both disorders manifest simultaneously. Applying the Vienna Research Criteria we found that 'schizo-affective' disorders occur rarely as compared to other frequently used less restrictive diagnostic instruments. PMID- 6622732 TI - Classification of schizo-affective patients by multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis. AB - 269 patients with schizophrenia, schizo-affective or affective disorders admitted to a hospital in Zurich were examined by the AMP system and the syndrome checklist of Wing and co-workers. The data were analyzed using a special set theoretical similarity measure for nonlinear graduations, multidimensional scaling to achieve a metric representation of the similarity matrices, and a cluster analysis, originally described by Meisel in 1972. PMID- 6622733 TI - Schizo-affective psychoses from a phenomenological-anthropological point of view. AB - The presence of schizo-affective psychosis is postulated psychopathologically, if schizophrenic as well as manic or depressive cyclothymic symptoms, respectively, are to be found in the same clinical picture. This circumstance rises the question with what legitimation do we designate a symptom as schizophrenic, etc.? Generally, we call a symptom, e.g., schizophrenic, if: (1) like with K. Schneider's first-rank symptoms the presence of a schizophrenic called entity of syndrome and course of illness is very easy to be recognized by means of the symptom, and (2) the symptom is statistically significantly correlated with this entity. In both definitions the schizophrenic nature of the single symptom remains undetermined. Here the attempt is made to work out a specificity of manic and depressive phenomena, a phenomenological determination of manic-depressive psychosis as an essential entity, respectively, by tracing structural signs of the moods and delusions as well as of the personality of manic-depressives. The same could be done in some way also with schizophrenic psychoses. We believe that only if we arrive at a clearer determination of what is meant by schizophrenic, manic, and depressive not only in a correlative statistical, but also in a phenomenological sense, we might have a chance finally to classify schizo affective psychosis psychopathologically on an empirical basis. PMID- 6622734 TI - Ego function assessment of schizo-affective patients as compared to schizophrenic and affective psychotic patients. AB - A 1-year sample of consecutively admitted patients between 18 and 40 years of age is studied. Psychopathology has been elicited by the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS), and diagnoses have been set according to Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC). The sample consists of 57 cases with schizophrenia, 8 cases with schizo-affective psychosis and 23 cases with affective psychoses. Bellak's Ego Function Assessment Test was given to all these patients. The test does not show any significant differences between the schizo affective and the schizophrenic groups. Some significant differences are found between the schizo-affective group and the group of affective psychosis. The findings do not validate schizo-affective psychosis as a diagnostic category. PMID- 6622735 TI - Schizo-affective disorders: 'just another illness' or key to understanding the psychoses? AB - Descriptive studies of schizo-affective disorder can be reviewed to suggest answers to several major questions regarding this disorder. Cross-sectional studies have not supported the existence of a dichotomy between schizophrenia and affective disorders. Rather, they suggest a continuum of disorders with schizo affective clinical pictures in the middle. Longitudinal studies indicate that some patients with schizophrenia and major affective disorders go through a 'schizo-affective period' on the way to developing the clinical picture of the other disorder, while still other patients have a continuity of syndrome type. These findings suggest the importance of considering disorder processes rather than just disease types. An interactive developmental model of disorder is one way of conceptualizing these processes. PMID- 6622736 TI - Mood-congruent/incongruent dichotomy. The need for an advanced mood concept. AB - Initially, some arguments are brought forward why, at the present state of differential diagnosis, it is useful to apply the term schizo-affective disorder. The basic considerations concern the consequences of the semantic confusion between mood and affect and how this affects differential diagnosis of functional psychoses. The view is maintained that from an action theoretic model mood states have to be conceptualized as differing forms of pragmatics of reality creation and self-interpretation (in other words, as multilogic of self-observation, self protection, self-repair, and of the relativistic and reflective structure of inter- and intrapersonal communication). The concept of mood congruency/incongruency is meaningful only as a metaconcept in regard to emotional connotation, perceptive operations, cognitive processes, nonverbal expressions, autonomic parameters, and so on. PMID- 6622737 TI - Problems of schizo-affective psychoses. Symposium of the World Psychiatric Association Section of Clinical Psychopathology. Vienna, October 5-6, 1982. PMID- 6622738 TI - Concepts of Schizo-affective psychoses. History, construct validity and some empirical data. AB - After offering a brief survey of some major unresolved contradictions in the field of clinical psychiatry, the author looks over the historical development of syndromatological entities related to the so-called schizo-affective psychoses. These syndromes were described with reference to somatogenic, endogenous, and psychogenic psychoses and as (relatively) distinct entities, respectively. For grasping these syndromes as independent entities it seems to be necessary to take into account a few holistic characteristics and to put aside the 'mixture model' while making research diagnostic criteria. PMID- 6622739 TI - Kurt Schneider's 'Zwischen-Falle', 'mid-cases' or 'cases in between'. AB - Kurt Schneider's concept recognizes an intermediate area between the two groups of the major psychoses: the 'Zwischen-Falle', in translation 'mid-cases' or 'cases in between'. We investigated 108 such cases, and we found that some features external to the symptomatology distinguished the 'mid-cases' or the 'cases in between' from schizophrenia and suggested particular similarities to the affective psychoses. Such external factors were: age, heredity, educational and occupational level, broken home situation, life events, and necessity for long hospitalization. PMID- 6622740 TI - Epidemiology of hyperlipidaemias. PMID- 6622741 TI - [Idiopathic mitral valve posterior leaflet prolapse: hemodynamic and angiocardiographic studies]. PMID- 6622742 TI - [Usefulness of the determination of bile acids in the blood and antipyrine elimination in the diagnosis of minimal liver damage]. PMID- 6622743 TI - [Skin reactivity to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in long-term mycotic infections]. PMID- 6622744 TI - [Studies on the relation between pulmonary emphysema (evaluated by various spirometric parameters) and lipid metabolism indicators in the blood. II]. PMID- 6622745 TI - [5-year survival of patients with the most common neoplasms among the rural population of the Nowy Sacz region 1972-1974]. PMID- 6622746 TI - [The morphologic reactions after supra- and inframeningeal inplantations of collagen membrane]. PMID- 6622747 TI - [A decision model in clinical practice]. PMID- 6622749 TI - Toxins classified under Appendix F of the guidelines. PMID- 6622748 TI - [Ureterocele prolapse]. PMID- 6622750 TI - Toxins classified under Appendix F of the guidelines. PMID- 6622751 TI - Possible role of the duodenum in the entero-PP axis. AB - The plasma pancreatic polypeptide response to a meal was compared in 6 healthy controls and 30 patients with gastric cancer who had undergone either subtotal gastrectomy or total gastrectomy with radical lymph node dissection including sympathectomy. Twelve patients were reconstructed with Billroth I, 9 patients with Billroth II, 6 patients with a double tract, and 3 patients with Roux-en-Y. Ten patients with a gastric ulcer who had undergone Billroth I gastrectomy including pyloric ring preservation also were examined. Impaired pancreatic polypeptide secretion was noted only in Billroth II and Roux-en-Y patients, where the duodenum is not affected by the passage of meals. Billroth I and double tract patients, in contrast, and an enhanced pancreatic polypeptide secretion. However, in BI patients with pyloric ring preservation the PP response to a meal was almost normal. These findings suggest an important role of the duodenum in the entero-PP axis in man. PMID- 6622752 TI - Characterization of human plasma neurotensin-like immunoreactivity after fat ingestion. AB - The concentration of neurotensin-like immunoreactivity in plasma (p-NTLI) increases after the ingestion of food, and fat seems to be the most important nutrient. It is essential to characterize the NT species that are responsible for this postprandial rise of p-NTLI. After an overnight fast, two male and two female subjects therefore ingested 300 ml of cream (containing 40% (w/w) milk fat). Unextracted plasma samples were subjected to column chromatography and the eluates were analysed using four NT antisera having different specificities. The concentration of chromatographically identified NT(1-13) in peripheral plasma increased significantly from 3 pM in the fasting state to 26 pM 30 min after the ingestion of fat. The concentration of NT(1-8), which is probably a metabolite of NT(1-13), also increased markedly. No significant increase of smaller COOH terminal sequences of NT was found. The results show that the plasma concentration of NT(1-13) may increase about tenfold following the ingestion of fat. This is further support for the hypothesis that NT(1-13) may function as a hormone. PMID- 6622753 TI - Sulfation of gastrin in Zollinger--Ellison sera: evidence for association between sulfation and proteolytic processing. AB - Sulfated gastrins were quantitated in sera from 15 patients with the Zollinger- Ellison syndrome (ZES) by specific radioimmunoassays. The total concentration of gastrin varied from 174 to 285 000 pmol/l. Sulfated gastrins constituted 44.8 +/- 5.5% (mean +/- S.E.M.) of the gastrins in ZES sera compared with 37.7 +/- 1.9% in sera from 100 control subjects (P greater than 0.1). There was no correlation between gastrin concentration and sulfation (r = 0.40). Gel and ion-exchange chromatography showed that up to 90% of the gastrins could be in the sulfated form. The highest degree of sulfation was found in sera where the small gastrin components dominated. Thus, the percentage of small gastrins (G-17 and G-14) correlated with the degree of sulfation (N = 15, r = 0.75, P less than 0.01). We suggest therefore that proteolytic processing of the gastrin precursor and sulfation of tyrosyl are associated. PMID- 6622754 TI - Chromogranin: widespread immunoreactivity in polypeptide hormone producing tissues and in serum. AB - Chromogranin A is the major soluble protein, co-stored and co-released with catecholamines from storage vesicles of adrenal medulla and sympathetic nerve, and has been used as an index of exocytotic sympathoadrenal neurosecretion. Since some neuropeptides have a rather wide distribution in nerve, gut, and endocrine glands, we used a sensitive chromogranin A radioimmunoassay to probe the occurrence of chromogranin in several polypeptide hormone producing tissues. Immunoreactive chromogranin was ubiquitous in such tissues, in rank order of concentration (microgram/g wet weight): adrenal medulla greater than pituitary gland (anterior greater than intermediate greater than posterior) greater than pancreas greater than small intestine greater than thyroid greater than hypothalamus. In each case, the tissue homogenate displaced 125I-labelled chromogranin A from antibody in parallel with displacement generated by pure unlabeled chromogranin A, and the immunoreactivity was not abolished by boiling or by several protease inhibitors. Quantitatively, the endocrine tissues other than adrenal medulla possessed 0.1-2.8% of the immunoreactivity found in the adrenal medulla. Immunoreactive chromogranin was also present in serum and sympathetic nerve, but contamination of the endocrine tissues by chromogranin from serum or sympathetic innervation could not account for the observed immunoreactivity. Immunoreactive chromogranin was undetectable in platelets. Tissues with predominant exocrine function (salivary glands) had very little chromogranin (0.004-0.005% of that found in the adrenal medulla). Within the cell, differential centrifugation localized the immunoreactive chromogranin to a hormone storage granule fraction in the anterior pituitary gland (60 +/- 6% of total, with 2.0 +/- 0.3-fold enrichment in the granule) and the adrenal medulla (74 +/- 13% of total, with 1.7 +/- 0.2-fold enrichment in granules). Gel filtration suggested a lower effective molecular radius for pituitary and pancreatic immunoreactive chromogranin than for purified 125I-labelled chromogranin A. Thus, chromogranin in the other endocrine glands differed from adrenal medullary chromogranin both quantitatively (less microgram/g tissue) and qualitatively (lower molecular weight). The results suggest a widespread, though as yet undefined, role for chromogranin in the neurosecretory process, and raise the possibility that chromogranin may be co-stored and secreted with a variety of polypeptide hormones. PMID- 6622755 TI - [Application of PIXE (particle-induced x-ray emission) method to the cytolytic test of tumor cells]. AB - Immunological studies have often been based on the results of cytolytic assay in which cells labelled with radioactive 51Cr are usually employed. The replacement of the radioactive isotope by a stable one is obviously desirable in order to eliminate the problem of radiation hazard and to prevent environmental contamination. We applied PIXE (particle induced X-ray emission) method for the detection of stable chromium (Cr). MM46 cells labelled with natural Cr were treated with anti-MM46 serum and a rabbit complement. The remaining Cr was filtered. The released Cr was precipitated with ethanol and deposited on the filter. The specimens were bombarded with proton beams from a Van de Graaff accelerator and the X-rays produced were detected with a Si(Li) detector. The Cr peaks appeared clearly. One of the main advantages of the application of the PIXE method is its high sensitivity. Another merit of the present method is that it can easily compare the remaining ratio of several elements in cellular materials after lytic treatment. This information may be used as a parameter indicating differences in the process of cytolysis. PMID- 6622756 TI - [Synthesis of (3-2H)-and (3-3H)-cianidanol]. AB - In order to study the metabolism of cianidanol (I), [3-2H]-(I) and [3-3H]-(I) were synthesized. (I) was benzylated and then oxidized with DMSO-Ac2O to give 2R 3',4'5,7-tetrabenzyl-cianidan-3-one (III). (III) was reduced with NaB2H4 or NaB3H4, and then debenzylated to give [3-2H]-(I) or [3-3H]-(I). [3-2H]-(I) was obtained with the over all yield of 21% from NaB2H4. In the other hand, [3-3H] (I) was obtained with the over all yield of 23% from NaB3H4. PMID- 6622757 TI - Redox substoichiometric determination of thallium. AB - A method for the redox substoichiometric determination of thallium employing chlorate as an oxidant has been developed. The substoichiometric amount of Tl(III) formed was isolated by extraction with isoamyl acetate. 5-50 micrograms of thallium can be determined with an accuracy of +/- 1.3%. PMID- 6622759 TI - [Amerlex TSH]. PMID- 6622758 TI - [Application of a scintiscanner to the arm counter--experimental evaluation of the 47Ca absorption test]. PMID- 6622760 TI - [Experimental evaluation of a TSH radioimmunoassay kit by a precipitate stabilizer method]. PMID- 6622761 TI - [Estimation of the dispersal rate of radioactive materials under various handling conditions]. PMID- 6622762 TI - [Factors affecting the serum thyroid hormone concentration during fasting in rats -with special reference to the relation with temperature]. AB - The present studies examine the effect of starvation together with cold or hot exposure on thyroid hormone levels in rats. At 23 degrees C starved for 5 days, serum thyroid hormone levels decreased significantly compared with fed rats, averaging 3.6 +/- 0.5 micrograms/dl of thyroxine (T4), 47 +/- 11 ng/dl of triiodothyronine (T3), 1.4 +/- 0.3 ng/dl of free T4 and 39.6 +/- 5.1 pg/ml of reverse T3, respectively. At 15 degrees C rats starved for 5 days, serum free T4 level significantly more increased than that of 23 degrees C starved rats, while serum T4 level and T3 did not increase significantly. At 30 degrees C rats whether concomitant starvation or not, serum thyroid hormone levels of both group markedly more decreased than control rats. These experiment provide additional evidence that thyroid gland and the peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormone respond to variety situations such as cold or hot exposure together with starvation or not. PMID- 6622763 TI - Intraduodenally administered 14C-urokinase in Macaca Irus revealed by autoradiography. AB - Intraduodenally administered 14C-urokinase (14C-UK) was located in Macaca Irus by autoradiography. Sagittal sections, approximately 40 micron thick, of a frozen monkey were applied against X-ray films. Autoradiograms thus obtained indicated that a part of intraduodenally administered 14C-UK was incorporated into the systemic blood circulation by transintestinal mucosal membrane. PMID- 6622764 TI - [A system for decontamination of liquid radioactive waste produced in in vitro tests in nuclear medicine]. AB - It is well known that very large storage tanks for radioactive liquids are necessary for the disposal of liquid radioactive waste. In vitro tests in radioimmunoassay in nuclear medicine are rapidly increasing for clinical examination causing marked increase in the volume of liquid radioactive waste. Thus we have developed a system for decontaminating radioactivity from liquid waste. In the first step, the liquid waste is boiled by a sterilizer and, in the second step, this sterilised liquid is filtered by a cylindrical filter (Toyo filter No. 84). After filtration, the liquid waste is passed into a beaded charcoal column and an ion exchange resin (Amberlite IRA 402) column. After these treatments, the radioactivity level of liquid waste is lowered to less than 1% of the original radioactivity. We are now in the planning stages of building an apparatus for practical use. PMID- 6622765 TI - [Analysis of radiocobalt in environmental samples]. PMID- 6622766 TI - [Cytogenetics in the diagnosis of malignancy in effusions]. PMID- 6622767 TI - [Relation between nutritional status and immune response in critical patients]. PMID- 6622768 TI - [Mediterranean boutonneuse fever. Apropos of 17 new cases]. PMID- 6622769 TI - [Hematologic manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus. Experience collected from 150 cases]. PMID- 6622770 TI - [Lhermitte's sign in pernicious anemia]. PMID- 6622771 TI - [Malignant histiocytosis]. PMID- 6622772 TI - [Polyradiculoneuritis-dermatomyositosis as a paraneoplastic syndrome in stomach cancer]. PMID- 6622773 TI - [An unusual association: cystic fibrosis and systemic amyloidosis]. PMID- 6622774 TI - [Ataxic hemiparesis. Presentation of 3 cases]. PMID- 6622775 TI - [Alcoholic myocardiopathy (III). Clinic and complementary explorations]. PMID- 6622776 TI - [Echocardiographic findings in the study of intraventricular conduction defects]. PMID- 6622777 TI - [Constrictive pericarditis. Study of 59 cases]. PMID- 6622778 TI - [Infranodal block in myocardial infarct. Experimental study in acute and subacute phase]. PMID- 6622779 TI - [Prolonged QT interval syndrome]. PMID- 6622780 TI - [Echocardiographic manifestations in infectious endocarditis]. PMID- 6622781 TI - [Treatment of auricular tachyarrhythmias in the acute phase of myocardial infarct with intravenous amiodarone]. PMID- 6622782 TI - [Catheterization of the superior vena cava by infraclavicular puncture of the subclavian vein. Review of 100 cases]. PMID- 6622783 TI - [Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis. Clinico-pathological study]. PMID- 6622784 TI - [Electrocardiographic changes in severe acute poisonings with barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and tricyclic antidepressives]. PMID- 6622785 TI - [Chronic cor pulmonale secondary to tonsillar hypertrophy]. PMID- 6622786 TI - [Echocardiographic pattern of right auricular thrombosis simulating Ebstein's disease]. PMID- 6622787 TI - [Ligation of the right hepatic artery in hepatic injury]. PMID- 6622788 TI - [Purulent pericarditis as complication of meningococcal meningitis]. PMID- 6622789 TI - [Polymyositis and complete A-V block]. PMID- 6622790 TI - [Functional factors in mitral stenosis: minute volume]. PMID- 6622792 TI - [Experimental approach to the study of parietal blocks of the right ventricle]. PMID- 6622791 TI - [Absorption and urinary excretion of digoxin in the presence of hyoscine butyl bromide and sulpiride in healthy subjects]. PMID- 6622793 TI - [Use of sinus recovery time and sinoatrial conduction time in the diagnosis of sick sinus syndrome]. PMID- 6622794 TI - [Emergency surgical treatment of acute dissection of the ascending aorta]. PMID- 6622795 TI - [Bidimensional echocardiography in complete atrioventricular canal defect. Pre- and postoperative study using the Carpentier technic]. PMID- 6622796 TI - [Left ventricular hypoplasia. Echocardiographic and anatomical study of 13 cases]. PMID- 6622797 TI - [Aberrant left pulmonary artery. Presentation of a new case and review of the literature]. PMID- 6622798 TI - [Congenital arteriovenous fistula between the left coronary and the right atrium. M-mode and bidimensional echocardiography]. PMID- 6622799 TI - [Cor triatriatum associated with a rare form of partial abnormal pulmonary venous drainage. Cause of a diagnostic error]. PMID- 6622800 TI - [Tricuspid valvulectomy in a case of Staphylococcus aureus bacterial endocarditis in a drug addict]. PMID- 6622801 TI - [Early coronary recanalization followed by revascularization surgery in the acute phase of myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6622802 TI - Sodium, potassium and chloride intracellular concentrations in the intestine of the freshwater turtle Mauremys caspica. AB - Sodium, potassium and chloride intracellular concentrations were measured. Sodium replacement from the bathing medium induced a significant decrease in chloride intracellular concentration. Conversely, chloride replacement from the bathing medium induced a significant decrease in sodium intracellular concentration. These results suggest the existence of a coupled NaCl transport system. The presence of 10(-3) M ouabain in the bathing medium increased Na+ intracellular concentration while decreasing that of K+. Cyanide (10(-3) M) produced a significant increase in Na+ intracellular concentration, whereas that of K+ was not affected by this agent. PMID- 6622803 TI - Effect of bicarbonate and furosemide on chloride accumulation by the intestine of the freshwater turtle Mauremys caspica. AB - The influence of HCO3- on Cl- absorption by the intestine of the freshwater turtle Mauremys caspica has been studied. Na+, K+ and Cl- intracellular concentrations together with transepithelial potential difference were measured. In HCO3--free medium, transepithelial potential difference was serosal positive. A reversal in the sign of the transepithelial potential difference was observed in HCO3- medium. A subsequent addition of 10(-3) M furosemide to HCO3- medium blocked, at least partially, this response. However, neither the presence of HCO3 nor addition of 10(-3) M furosemide to HCO3+ medium had any effect on Na+, K+ or Cl- intracellular concentrations. These results are discussed in relation to the presence of a Cl-/HCO3- exchange process. PMID- 6622804 TI - [Effect of melatonin on L-leucine aminopeptidase in the hypothalamus and cerebral cortex of the normal and ovariectomized rat]. AB - The effect of melatonin (500 micrograms/kg weight s.c. for 15 consecutive days) on the L-leucine amino peptidase (LAP) activity of the hypothalamus and brain cortex is studied on castrated and nan castrated rats. There was a significant increase in the LAP activity of hypothalamus (p less than 0.001 v.s. saline group) in the non castrated group, however, no changes were observed in the brain cortex. In the ovariectomized group injected from the 15th to 30th after castration, a very big decrease was recorded in the LAP activity in both the hypothalamus and brain cortex which was not modified by melatonin. This data is studied in relationship to the antigonadotrophic effect of melatonin on the non castrated animals since the changes of this activity in the hypothalamus are inversely related to the gonadotrophin secretion, specially luteinizing hormone. PMID- 6622805 TI - [Development of the corpora allata, oocytes and collateral glands during the 1st gonotrophic cycle of Blattella germanica (L.)]. AB - In the present paper volumetric changes of corpora allata (CA) during the first gonotrophic cycle of Blattella germanica (L.) are studied in connection with the growth of oocytes and the collateral glands. Volumetric changes of CA are rather irregular and not well correlated with the uniform development of oocytes or collateral glands. The asymmetry of the paired CA is also discussed. PMID- 6622806 TI - [Hemodynamic changes in the acute phase of experimental hypertension]. AB - The arterial pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, stroke volume, total peripheral resistance and plasma angiotensin II were measured in Wistar rats and 24 hours after arterial renal constriction by a clip (0.20 mm d.i.). The results were compared with those obtained in a sham operated group. The experimental group showed an increase in arterial pressure and total peripheral resistance without changes in heart rate, cardiac output and stroke volume. In hypertensive animals there was a greater level of plasma angiotensin II than in control group. These studies have demonstrated that 24 hours after renal arterial stenosis the increase in arterial pressure can be mediated by an increased activity of the renin-angiotensin system. PMID- 6622807 TI - Effects of enzyme/substrate ratio and of cofactors on the oxidation products of indole-3-acetic acid catalyzed by peroxidase. AB - During the oxidation of indole-3-acetic acid catalyzed by peroxidase, the relative amounts of the products closely depends on the enzyme/substrate ratio. In the absence of cofactors, high enzyme/substrate ratio induces a rise in the level of indole-3-aldehyde and indole-3-methanol, and a drop in that of oxindoles. 2,4-dichlorophenol, although a very efficient cofactor, promotes inhibition of the oxidation after a few minutes, presumably through the formation of a phenol-derivative inhibitor. 2-4-dichlorophenol also inhibits the production of oxindoles at all stages. Both inhibitory effects are abolished by a low concentration of enzyme. Mn2+, itself a weak inhibitor, synergizes the catalytic effect of 2,4-dichlorophenol, perhaps by preventing the formation of the inhibitor. The results are discussed against more widely accepted mechanisms of indole-3-acetic acid oxidation. PMID- 6622808 TI - Method of assay for 4-aminobutyrate-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase. AB - In this paper an analytical colorimetric method is presented where 2,4 dinitrophenyl hydrazine is used to measure small amounts of succinic semialdehyde in the presence of 2-oxoglutarate. This method is applicable to the measurement of 4-aminobutyrate-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase activity, where succinic semialdehyde formed during the enzymatic reaction has to be measured in the presence of 2-oxoglutarate. PMID- 6622809 TI - [Possible role of biliverdin as an initiator of liver regeneration]. AB - Biliverdin has been proposed as the biological signal that triggers liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy, since a transitory increase of plasma levels is found shortly after partial hepatectomy. We have carried out a detailed study to establish the feasibility of such a hypothesis. When biliverdin is administered i.p., it binds to albumin. This became evident by electrophoresis and affinity chromatography. Biliverdin disappears from the peritoneal cavity following a 1st order kinetics (t 1/2 = 40 min, K = 0.0175 min -1). Biliverdin reductase activity in the peritoneal exudate was high (1.04 mumol Bv min -1/mg protein), and very small amounts of biliverdin in comparison to the administered dose were found in plasma. However, unconjugated bilirubin level was high in plasma and the conjugated bilirubin in bile flux reached its maximum 90 min after administration. On the basis of blood elimination of biliverdin when administered intravenously (t 1/2 = 11 min, K = 0.068 min -1), a series of experiments was designed to reproduce the levels of plasma biliverdin as found shortly after partial hepatectomy. Our results showed a total absence of liver regeneration. There is, however, increase of the mitotic index if biliverdin is administered intraperitoneally. This effect is not directly related to biliverdin but to unspecific (?) stimulation of peritoneal cavity since the same effect was obtained after administration of unrelated substances (diatomaceous earth, killed bacteria). The mitotic figures did not incorporate 3H-thymidine, and it is suggested that those cells came from a G2 blocked quiescent cell population in liver. We therefore conclude that biliverdin is not the physiological trigger of liver regeneration. PMID- 6622810 TI - Paracellular absorption of D-glucose by rat small intestine in vivo. AB - D-glucose diffusion in both jejunum and ileum using a perfusion system in vivo was determined. 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine (20 mM) induced an inhibition on D glucose diffusion of 32% in the two segments of the small intestine studied. Glucose net efflux from the jejunum into the lumen was higher than that from the ileum. Phlorizin increased the sugar efflux in both areas. PMID- 6622811 TI - [Action of domperidone on dopamine-induced inhibition of gastric secretion]. AB - The inhibitory action of dopamine on basal gastric secretion and that stimulated by pentagastrin with previous administration of domperidone in 26 male patients, between 18 and 48 years of age, suffering duodenal ulcer has been studied. The administration of domperidone (0.25 mg/kg) produces a significant reduction of the inhibitory action of dopamine on basal gastric secretion and that stimulated by pentagastrin at dose 0.15 microgram/kg/h. Besides dopamine shows a minor, non significant, inhibitory action on acid gastric secretion stimulated by maximal doses of pentagastrin, while showing no differences against the group without administration of domperidone. PMID- 6622812 TI - [Effect of calcium antagonists on the response of the rat vas deferens to noradrenaline and field stimulation]. AB - The effects of two calcium antagonists, Verapamil (VRP) and Methoxyverapamil (D 600) on the contractile responses of the isolated rat vas deferens to norepinephrine (NE) and to field stimulation (FS) were studied. VRP (1 X 10(-6)-2 X 10(-6) M) decreased the responses to NE. It also decreased the amplitude of the FS elicited responses but only when 100 time higher doses were used. Similarly, D 600 only reduced FS responses with equally high doses. In addition, when trains of pulses were used for FS, VRP (1 X 10(-5)-1 X 1(-4) M) caused an initial increase in the responses followed by a decrease. The fact that much higher doses of VRP are necessary to reduce the FS elicited responses than the contraction due to NE, suggests that the neurotransmitter released by FS might not be NE but a different one which seems to be much less dependent on external calcium than NE for producing its action. PMID- 6622813 TI - [Current status of physical and sports therapy in psychiatry]. AB - To this day, sports and movement therapy hold a marginal position in psychiatric rehabilitation. In order to survey the psychiatric facilities as regards personnel and space available, questionnaires had been sent to 260 hospitals. From evaluation of the data received from 121 clinics (46,5%), a therapist-bed ratio of 1:125 was obtained. It was found that this ratio worsens with increasing numbers of hospital beds. More favourable conditions are present in special clinics in the fields of child and adolescent psychiatry, addiction, and psychosomatics. A majority (85%) of the staff administering sports and movement therapy do not hold additional qualifications specific to this area of work. Movement and sports therapists frequently are not yet included in the therapeutic team. An unfavourable situation is present in terms of space and equipment available. In order to ensure adequate therapeutic work, changes are needed as regards staffing, space, and contents. PMID- 6622814 TI - The effects of BCNU (1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea) and CCNU (1-(2 chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea) on glutathione reductase and other enzymes in mouse tissue. AB - BCNU has been reported to cause a rapid, irreversible inhibition of human erythrocyte glutathione reductase (GR) at chemotherapeutic dosage, without affecting metabolic enzymes. This inhibition may mediate some of the therapeutic and toxic effects of BCNU. Thiol containing agents such as reduced glutathione can protect cells against BCNU and a change in glutathione concentrations could modify BCNU effectiveness. At doses of 50 mg/kg (LD-50) and 100 mg/kg, i.p., BCNU decreased the activity of GR in mouse kidney, liver, brain, and heart with a greater loss in those animals which died from drug administration. GR activity tended to recover but still remained below control at 96 hours. Erythrocyte GR activity was reduced only at the higher BCNU dose. CCNU (100 mg/kg, i.p.) did not affect GR activity. BCNU also decreased creatine kinase, malate dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities. The inhibition of GR in vitro occurred only after biochemical reduction of the enzyme with NADPH. The oxidation state of GR may determine its sensitivity to BCNU in the human erythrocyte but we were unable to demonstrate an unusually high sensitivity or a specific effect of BCNU on GR in mouse tissues. PMID- 6622815 TI - Sex differences in the glutathione peroxidase activity of various tissues of the rat. AB - The glutathione peroxidase activity of blood, liver and brain of sexually mature male and female rats has been determined using both hydrogen peroxide and cumene hydroperoxide as substrates. No significant differences were found on comparison of the glutathione peroxidase activity of the brain tissues of male and female animals. Observed mathematically significant differences between the enzyme activity in the blood of male and females were probably of little physiological significance. Both selenium and non-selenium dependent glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly higher in the livers of female rats but this was much more apparent when cumene hydroperoxide was reduced. Castrated male rats had significantly higher hepatic enzyme activities, approaching those of the female animals. The lipoperoxide concentration was significantly higher in the livers of female rats. PMID- 6622816 TI - Product inhibition in orphenadrine metabolism as a result of a stable cytochrome P-450-metabolic intermediate complex formed during the disposition of mono-N desmethylorphenadrine (tofenacine) in the rat. AB - Product inhibition is thought to be involved in unexpected accumulation of orphenadrine, which occurs during chronic medication with this anti-Parkinson drug in man. In previous studies (Biochem. Pharmacol. 31, 2745-2753 (1982) we established the formation of reactive metabolic intermediates (MI) during metabolism of orphenadrine and its mono-N-demethylated metabolite tofenacine, which may block cytochrome P-450 (MI-complex). In this study we investigated the role of MI-complexation in product inhibition. Three different assays were used to establish the amount of cytochrome P-450 involved in MI-complexation, which was induced by tofenacine (30 mg/kg i.p.) in phenobarbital pretreated rats. If liver microsomes were prepared 3 hours after tofenacine injection, both spectral titration of oxidized cytochrome P-450, determination of loss of metyrapone binding sites at reduced cytochrome P-450 as well as ferricyanide oxidation of the MI-complex revealed 8-13% complexation of cytochrome P-450. Our data also suggest that MI-complexation is generated on phenobarbital induced cytochrome P 450 species. Phenobarbital induction was also shown to activate orphenadrine metabolism in vitro. Moreover, with a newly developed capillary GLC method, using nitrogen detection, we showed inhibition of orphenadrine- and tofenacine metabolism in vitro, by MI-complexation. This study therefore showed that MI complexation may produce product inhibition. PMID- 6622817 TI - Interrelationship between in vivo lipid peroxidation, microsomal Ca2+ sequestration activity and hepatotoxicity in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride, cumene hydroperoxide or thioacetamide. AB - To study the relationship between lipid peroxidation and cellular damage we studied three compounds known to evoke lipid peroxidation (cumene hydroperoxide, CHP), hepatocellular injury (thioacetamide, TAA) or both (carbon tetrachloride, CCl4). Phenobarbital-induced male rats were treated with one of the three agents and lipid peroxidation was monitored via the measurement of exhaled ethane. Treatment with both, CCl4 and CHP resulted in an increased ethane expiration, whereas TAA did not. When liver-specific serum enzyme activities (GPT, SDH) were investigated 24 h later, however, hepatotoxicity was evident only in rats treated with either CCl4 or TAA. The ATP-dependent Ca2+-sequestration activity of microsomal membranes, suggested to be a final common pathway leading to cellular death, was studied in microsomes isolated from rats treated with either agent. 2 h after treatment with CCl4 or TAA a clear inhibition was seen which persisted after 24 h in the case of CCl4 only. CHP did not affect the Ca2- -pump activity. Thus, a clear correlation between cellular damage and lipid peroxidation cannot be expected in every case. An impairment of the microsomal calcium-pump, however, seems to be a crucial event which leads to hepatocellular injury. PMID- 6622818 TI - Differential properties of the microsomal deamination and hydroxylation reactions. AB - The addition of 1 mM of the metal complexing reagents such as EDTA, alpha, alpha' dipyridyl, 1,10-phenanthroline and Tiron to the incubation of benzylamine, aminopyrine, p-nitroanisole and aniline, respectively, inhibited selectively the microsomal deamination of benzylamine, whereas the addition of the monoamine oxidase inhibitors tranylcypromine, nialamide and iproniazid specifically decreased the metabolism of aminopyrine, p-nitroanisole and aniline. Pretreatment of rats with 3,4-benzpyrene or phenobarbital increased the liver microsomal concentration of cytochrome P-450 (448) and the rate of aminopyrine and p nitroanisole demethylation and of aniline hydroxylation whereas pretreatment cytochrome P-450 depressor agents such as cadmium or cobalt lowered the concentration of the hemoprotein and decreased the rate of the demethylation reactions. Phenobarbital and 3,4-benzpyrene pretreatment had either no effect or decreased significantly the rate of the microsomal deamination reaction respectively. The administration of cadmium slightly decreased the rate of benzylamine deamination whilst cobalt produced no significant effect. These results indicate that the microsomal oxidative deamination reaction has different properties than the dealkylation and aromatic hydroxylation reactions, thus suggesting a different enzyme system. PMID- 6622819 TI - Placental transfer of chloroquine in pregnant rabbits. AB - The pharmacokinetics of chloroquine was determined in pregnant and nonpregnant rabbits following intravenous administration. Blood concentrations of chloroquine and desethylchloroquine in the mother and fetuses were assayed using HPLC. Chloroquine rapidly crossed the placenta, resulting in equivalent fetal and maternal blood concentrations 15-30 min after dosing the mother. The subsequent 1 and 2 hr fetal blood concentrations were about two-fold higher than the corresponding maternal blood concentrations. The desethylchloroquine metabolite blood concentrations were low relative to the drug, although the metabolite was detected in all blood samples including the initial 5 min maternal blood samples and 15 min fetal blood samples. Comparing the pharmacokinetics of chloroquine in the pregnant and nonpregnant animals revealed no difference in total body clearance. However, there was an approximately two-fold decrease in the apparent volumes of distribution and terminal half life in the pregnant rabbits. Because of the relatively large inter-animal variability in these parameters, the differences were not statistically significant (p greater than 0.05), but do indicate a trend toward changes in chloroquine pharmacokinetics during pregnancy. PMID- 6622821 TI - Radioimmunoassay for human pancreatic chymotrypsin and measurement of serum immunoreactive chymotrypsin contents in various diseases. AB - A radioimmunoassay for human pancreatic chymotrypsin II has been developed. Serum immunoreactive chymotrypsin II content in healthy individuals ranged from 14.7 ng/ml to 77.5 ng/ml, the average being 37.5 ng/ml (SD = 19.6). Elevated values were observed in patients with acute pancreatitis and renal failure. After total pancreatectomy, serum immunoreactive chymotrypsin II was not detectable. A significant positive correlation was observed between serum immunoreactive chymotrypsin II and cationic trypsin contents. PMID- 6622820 TI - In vitro metabolism of aflatoxin Q1 by rat liver post-mitochondrial homogenates. AB - An investigation of the in vitro biotransformation of aflatoxin Q1 by the post mitochondrial fraction of rat liver is reported. These studies showed a 10 to 25 percent turnover of aflatoxin Q1, with the subsequent formation of five metabolites. A major metabolite was determined to be the beta-D-glucuronide of aflatoxin Q1. PMID- 6622822 TI - Effect of the chelator desferrioxamine on aluminum elimination in rabbits. AB - The effect of desferrioxamine (DFO) on the mobilization and elimination of aluminum (Al) in Al-loaded rabbits was studied. Six to 7 weeks after completion of 20 s.c. Al injections (600 mumoles/kg administered 5 days/week), sterile deionized water or DFO (32 mg/kg s.c. every 2 hours for 3 doses) was administered and serum [Al] and urinary Al output (UA10) were monitored. DFO treatment significantly increased serum [Al] and UA10 over control treatment, supporting its use in human Al overload conditions. PMID- 6622823 TI - Tryptophan potentiation of the late cysteine preventive effects in carbon tetrachloride-induced necrosis. AB - Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) (1 ml/kg/ip) induces a very intense necrotic effect on rat liver at 24 hr after administration. Cysteine (950 mg/kg/po) given 6 h after CCl4 exerted a very weak preventive effect on CCl4-induced necrosis, while tryptophan (300 mg/kg/po) did not. When both aminoacids are given together a very marked protective effect is observed. A possible participation of protein synthesis stimulation in the late protective effects of cysteine on CCl4-induced liver necrosis is discussed. PMID- 6622824 TI - Effect of nitrogen dioxide exposure on rat lung lipids. AB - Rats were exposed continuously to 40 ppm nitrogen dioxide for 4 hours. The phospholipid contents and fatty acid compositions were determined in homogenates and subcellular fractions of rat lungs immediately after exposure. There were no significant changes in the total phospholipid content or phospholipid concentration as a result of nitrogen dioxide exposure. In addition, nitrogen dioxide did not induce any significant changes in the fatty acid composition of the lung phospholipids, with the exception of arachidonic and docosapentanoic acids in the mitochondrial fraction, which showed a slight increase over the air exposed control. PMID- 6622825 TI - N6-Methyladenosine inhibition of hypoxanthine uptake by Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - The effects of an adenosine analog, N6-methyladenosine, on the uptake of purines by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were investigated. Surprisingly, N6 methyladenosine was a more potent inhibitor of the uptake of the 6-hydroxy purines, hypoxanthine and inosine, than of the 6-amino purines, adenine and adenosine. Hypoxanthine uptake was the most profoundly inhibited. The inhibition of hypoxanthine uptake by N6-methyladenosine was dose dependent. Kinetics experiments demonstrated that N6-methyladenosine is a competitive inhibitor of hypoxanthine uptake with a Ki of 30 uM. The effect of N6-methyladenosine on hypoxanthine transport in the absence of metabolism was determined in CHO AK412 cells which lack hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT). Hypoxanthine transport by HPRT deficient cells suspended in serum-free medium containing 2 uM hypoxanthine was inhibited by N6-methyladenosine in a dose-dependent manner. When HPRT deficient cells were preincubated for 15 min in 200 uM N6-methyladenosine, a concentration which when present during the transport assay reduces transport to 5% of control, the subsequent transport of hypoxanthine in the absence of inhibitor was 65% of control. This finding suggests that the effects of N6 methyladenosine on hypoxanthine transport are readily reversible. In HPRT deficient cells N6-methyladenosine was a far more effective inhibitor of hypoxanthine transport than adenosine. PMID- 6622826 TI - Acute adriamycin cardiotoxicity in rats. AB - To explore the possible occurrence and pathogenic implications of in vivo heart lipoperoxidation in the acute model of ADR-cardiotoxicity, male Wistar rats were injected i.v. with a single dose of ADR (15 mg/kg) and the controls with saline. The rats were killed at 24 and 96 hr after treatment and at the later period the serum levels of creatine kinase of ADR-treated rats were significantly elevated. ADR-treatment did not significantly modify the cardiac concentrations of DNA, RNA, protein, the levels of activity of cardiac catalase and GSH-Px or the in vitro production of malonaldehyde of cardiac homogenates. Mitochondrial swelling at 24 hr and reduction of the mitochondrial numerical and volumetric densities along with myofilament fragmentation at 96 hr were the most significant ultrastructural changes in cardiac myocytes of ADR-treated rats. Although in vivo lipoperoxidation (diene conjugation) was detected in the cardiac lipids of only 2 out of 6 rats at 24 hr and in 3 out of 6 rats at 96 hr, no clear correlation could be found between the eventual presence of this in vivo phenomenon and any of the cardiac changes. These data suggested that lipoperoxidation may not play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of acute ADR-cardiotoxicity in rats. PMID- 6622827 TI - Effect of various compounds on enkephalin hydrolysis by an aminopeptidase from the thermophiles Thermomonospora fusca ATCC 27730 and Thermus thermophilus ATCC 27634. AB - The microbial peptides amastatin and bestatin as well as several dipeptide analogues of the latter exerted little or no inhibitory effect on enkephalin hydrolysis by an aminopeptidase purified from the thermophiles Thermomonospora fusca, ATCC 27730 (Tf) and Thermus thermophilus, ATCC 27634 (Tt). The enzyme catalyzes the cleavage of the tyrosyl-glycyl bond of leucine- and methionine enkephalin. Intermediate compounds having the same amino acid sequence as the parent substrate disclosed that the residual tetrapeptide can be further degraded to its constituent parts. Each preparation also hydrolyzes to varying extents neutral dipeptides, tripeptides, tetrapeptides, can be further degraded to its constituent parts. Each preparation also hydrolyzes to varying extents neutral dipeptides, tripeptides, tetrapeptides, and larger molecules containing the Met enkephalin sequence. The Tf enzyme has a pH optimum of 7.5, Km of 667 microM and Vmax of 92 nmol/min/mg of protein; the Tt enzyme, with a pH optimum of 7.2 has a Km of 400 microM and Vmax of 33 nmol/min/mg of protein. Activated by dithiothreitol (DTT) and inactivated by p-chloro- and p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, both are sulfhydryl enzymes. The activity lost by hydrolysis against EDTA can be restored, wholly or in part, by Co+2, Mg+2, and Mn+2; ions with an inhibitory effect were A1+3, Cd+2, Cu+2, Hg+2, and Zn+2. The enzymes are not glycoproteins since they pass unretained through a Con A-Sepharose column. PMID- 6622828 TI - A potent naturally occurring low-molecular weight blastogenic inhibitory factor from edible black tree fungus. AB - Crude dialyzable extracts of Auricularia polytricha (black tree fungus) when added to lymphoprep-isolated blood mononuclear cells (PBL) stimulated with mitogens (PHA and PWM) showed significant inhibition of 3H-thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation in vitro. Similar extracts of Agaricus biporus and Cortinellus shiitake demonstrated essentially no suppression of 3H-TdR uptake by PBL cells stimulated with PHA or PWM. A 50 micrograms/well (200 microliter) concentration of A. polytricha reduced 3H-TdR uptake of PHA stimulated PBL cells from different donors by 65.4 to 99.8% and similarly reduced 3H-TdR uptake of PWM stimulated PBL cells by 89.6 to 99.9%. Viability examination of PBL cells in RPMI medium with A. polytricha extract alone, mitogens alone, and mixtures of mitogens and extract for 72 hr at 37 degrees C showed per cent survivals as follows: medium alone, 93%; PWM, 91%; PHA, 77%; BTF extract (200 micrograms/ml), 57%; PWM + BTF extract, 47%, and PHA + BTF extract, 39%. Data presented show that Auricularia polytricha contained a low dalton potent blastogenic inhibitory factor(s). PMID- 6622829 TI - Interaction between manganese and phenobarbital on hexobarbital hypnosis in the male rat. AB - Pretreatment of male rats with phenobarbital markedly decreases while treatment with manganese prolongs the duration of hexobarbital hypnosis in male rats. When both agents were administered simultaneously, the manganese-induced prolongation of hexobarbital was prevented. PMID- 6622830 TI - Influence of amphetamine on brown adipose thermogenesis. AB - Amphetamine (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 or 4.0 mg/kg) produced dose-dependent activation of interscapular brown-adipose tissue (IBAT) in female rats anesthetized with urethane (1.2 g/kg). Amphetamine-induced thermogenesis may reflect activation of beta-adrenergic receptors as evidenced by the rapid reversal of amphetamine induced thermogenesis by propranolol (1.0 mg/kg). The potential relation of this effect to the anorexic property of amphetamine is discussed. PMID- 6622831 TI - Effect of ovariectomy and estrogen treatment on uterine benzylamine oxidase and monoamine oxidase type A. AB - The activity of monoamine oxidase type A (MAO-A) of rat uteri is known to be modulated by sex steroids but no information is available with regard to benzylamine oxidase (BzAO). Thus, uterine MAO-A and BzAO activities were assayed in ovariectomized (3 weeks) and ovariectomized plus estrogen treated rats (17 beta-estradiol, 10 micrograms/kg/day, i.p. for three days). Compared with sham operated controls, MAO-A activity (total and specific) was decreased by ovariectomy and restored partially by estrogen treatment. In contrast, BzAO activity was not influenced selectively. Total BzAO activity followed changes in uterine weight such that the specific activity of BzAO, per mg tissue, was not statistically different between the three experimental groups. Although changes in the specific activity of BzAO were found on a protein and DNA basis, these changes reflect primarily alterations in protein and DNA contents and not BzAO activity. Since BzAO appears to be insensitive to direct modulation by sex steroids and may be located predominantly in uterine blood vessels, it is speculated that the enzyme may serve as a marker for hormonal influences on the vascularity and structure of the uterine vascular bed. PMID- 6622833 TI - Subchronic toxicity studies of capsaicin and capsicum in rats. AB - Rats were fed by stomach tube with 50 mg/kg B.W./day capsaicin (Sigma) or 0.5 gm/kg B.W./day capsicum fruit crude extract for 60 days. The influences of capsaicin or capsicum upon body weight, rectal temperature, food and water consumptions, haematological parameters, plasma chemistry, urine concentration and dilution tests, together with the relative organ weight, were evaluated at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days. The results showed that there were significant reductions of the growth rate in both capsaicin and capsicum treated groups. However, the food intake in both experimental groups increased steadily throughout the experimental periods. There were no significant differences from the control rats in the rectal temperature, water intake, plasma chemistry, urine dilution and concentration, and the relative organ weights. After one month of oral administration of capsaicin or capsicum, there were significant reductions of plasma urea nitrogen, glucose, phospholipids, triglycerides, total cholesterol, free fatty acids, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase. It is also interesting to observe that capsicum fruit crude extract exerted more influences on the various biological parameters being studied here than its pungent substance, capsaicin. Therefore, it is concluded that capsaicin or capsicum, if given orally for a relatively longer period, may have a mild effect on the experimental animals. PMID- 6622832 TI - The ventilatory response to intravenous and ventriculo-cisternal theophylline. AB - The stimulatory effect of theophylline on ventilation was studied in nine anesthetized dogs. Theophylline infused intravenously (10 mg/kg bolus, then 1.00 mg/kg/hr) for 210 minutes significantly increased the minute volume of ventilation (P less than 0.05 at 210 minutes). After a recovery period of seven to fourteen days, ventriculo-cisternal perfusion was performed with mock cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Theophylline added to the mock CSF did not significantly change the minute ventilation. ventriculo-cisternal perfusion utilizing mock CSF not containing theophylline combined with intravenous theophylline infusion stimulated ventilation similarly to the previous intravenous theophylline infusion. Therefore, stimulation of ventilation by theophylline appears to relate to the serum theophylline concentration and not the ventricular CSF theophylline concentration. PMID- 6622834 TI - Passive haemagglutination and complement fixation as diagnostic tests for contagious caprine pleuropneumonia caused by the F-38 strain of mycoplasma. AB - Passive haemagglutination and complement fixation tests were used to assess the antibody response of goats to the F-38 strain of mycoplasma. The passive haemagglutination test was found to have a positive correlation (r:0.89) with the complement fixation test in detection of antibody to strain F-38. Whereas passive haemagglutination was found more sensitive than the complement fixation test, it was less specific. PMID- 6622836 TI - Method for chronic catheterisation of the amniotic sac in cattle. AB - The chronic catheterisation of the amniotic sac of eight pregnant cows of 180 to 200 days gestational age is described using an indwelling catheter of polyvinyl tubing. Although strict asepsis was followed, the main problem encountered was preventing contaminant bacteria from overwhelming the fetus, causing its death. This was successfully achieved in four animals, three of which received a mixture of ampicillin and cloxacillin sodium intra-amniotically and parenterally in the dam. Daily sequential samples of amniotic fluid were readily obtained until just before fetal death. PMID- 6622835 TI - Control of ovine gastrointestinal helminthiasis by the use of 'clean' grazing and strategic dosing in the field. AB - Despite the widespread adoption of clean grazing systems in lowland sheep flocks, detailed parasitological investigations had not previously been carried out on such flocks. A trial was therefore conducted on two commercial flocks: a traditional permanent pasture flock (A) and one operating a system of clean grazing (B), and on an East of Scotland College flock (C) which had operated a clean grazing system for eight years. Ewe and lamb worm egg output, pasture larval levels and lamb liveweight gains were monitored and tracer lambs were grazed during July and August on each farm. Under clean grazing conditions on farm C all parasitological parameters were lower than on both commercial farms. However, in the commercial flocks comparable contamination was evident from midsummer onwards and tracer lambs grazed during August on farm B had significantly greater worm burdens than on the other two farms. The differences observed between the flocks were thought to be due to greater residual contamination by overwintered larvae in both commercial flocks while the higher worm burdens in August on farm B probably resulted partly from incomplete control of the periparturient rise in ewe faecal egg output and partly to autoinfection of the lamb crop. It was concluded that farm C grazing was the cleanest. Considerable contamination was present on farm A while farm B occupied an intermediate position which resulted in considerable worm burdens in lambs grazing during the latter part of the season. PMID- 6622837 TI - Age related haematological changes in captive Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia). AB - Full blood counts were carried out on a number of clinically normal newborn, juvenile and adult Barbary sheep. Significant age related differences in the number and size of the red cells and in the absolute and relative numbers of neutrophils and lymphocytes were found. Fibrinogen levels and platelet counts were lowest in newborn animals. These differences could complicate the interpretation of haematological findings on sick Barbary sheep if not taken into account. PMID- 6622839 TI - Comparison of three routes of administration of a water soluble anthelmintic: levamisole. AB - The plasma concentration of levamisole was determined by liquid chromatography in three groups of 20 heifers treated with levamisole by intramuscular administration, drenching and in drinking water respectively. Maximum concentrations were observed at three hours (1.10 +/- 0.16 microgram/ml) and six hours (0.64 +/- 0.06 microgram/ml) after intramuscular administration and drenching respectively. Large individual variations in plasma concentrations were observed following treatment in drinking water with four animals showing maximum concentrations below 0.1 microgram/ml. Variation in water intake therefore makes the latter method less reliable. PMID- 6622838 TI - Age specific prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma bovis infection in Sudanese Desert sheep in the White Nile Province. AB - A survey of ovine schistosomiasis was carried out in a Schistosoma bovis enzootic area in the central Sudan. Three hundred Desert sheep, representing different age groups, were screened for infection, using Pitchford's faecal egg counting technique. No infection was detected in animals under one year old, but from the age of 18 months onward, the prevalence increased progressively from around 20 per cent to 60 per cent in six-year-old sheep, and this was accompanied by an increase in infection intensity, as determined by faecal egg counts. These findings, which suggest that these sheep did not develop an effective resistance to schistosomiasis, contrasted with those previously recorded in cattle from the same locality, studied in the same year. PMID- 6622840 TI - Effect of intrauterine death and fetectomy on ovine placental lactogen production. AB - Concentrations of ovine placental lactogen (oPL) were measured in the peripheral plasma of six ewes after the removal of fetuses (in four ewes) or after the intrauterine death of one of twin fetuses (in two ewes). Concentrations of oPL decreased after fetectomy or intrauterine fetal death, indicating that a living fetus is essential to the sustained secretion of oPL. PMID- 6622841 TI - Clinical findings and pathological changes in Histophilus ovis infections of sheep. AB - The Gram-negative pleomorphic bacterium Histophilus ovis was incriminated as the cause of natural cases of epididymitis in rams, polyarthritis in lambs, mastitis and abortion in ewes. Epididymitis was sporadic in occurrence, unilateral in distribution and varied from acute to chronic in degree. Polyarthritis affected recently born lambs and resulted in acute lameness and subsequent debility. Mastitis was rare in occurrence, unilateral in distribution, acute and gangrenous in type. Abortion was also rare and manifested by a specific haemorrhagic placentitis. These four conditions were reproduced experimentally. The clinical, pathological and histopathological changes associated with field and experimental cases are described. PMID- 6622842 TI - Bacterial overgrowth associated with a naturally occurring enteropathy in the German shepherd dog. AB - Quantitative and qualitative bacteriological studies were performed on duodenal juice from 19 dogs with chronic small intestinal disease. Bacterial overgrowth was demonstrated in seven German shepherd dogs with minimal histological but specific biochemical abnormalities in the jejunal mucosa. Most frequently this overgrowth comprised bacteria of the normal flora, particularly Escherichia coli and enterococci, but these were occasionally accompanied by bacteria rarely present in the proximal small intestine of the normal dog, particularly Clostridium species. In most cases this overgrowth was associated with raised serum folate and reduced serum vitamin B12 concentrations, a finding consistent with the capacity of many enteric bacteria to synthesise folate and bind vitamin B12. PMID- 6622843 TI - Use of erythrocyte copper:zinc superoxide dismutase activity and hair or fleece copper concentrations in the diagnosis of hypocuprosis in ruminants. AB - Changes in the activity of superoxide dismutase, a copper-containing enzyme in erythrocytes (ESOD), and changes in copper in hair or fleece were compared with the changes in plasma copper during copper depletion and repletion in steers, lambs and ewes. During depletion the decline in ESOD began later than the decline in plasma copper: the lag varied from 0 to 80 days in individual steers and it was least evident when young rapidly growing lambs were subjected to severe depletion. ESOD activity eventually declined at only one-third to one-seventh of the rate shown by plasma copper, the difference being particularly marked in severely depleted lambs. Repletion of ESOD began after repletion in plasma copper and continued more slowly particularly in growing animals. Hair and fleece copper also responded relatively slowly to depletion and repletion. Low values of ESOD and hair or fleece copper may have diagnostic significance, indicating a more prolonged or intense deficiency of copper and a higher probability of clinical and production responses to copper therapy than low plasma or liver copper values. PMID- 6622845 TI - Serum albumin values from healthy cattle, sheep and horses determined by the immediate bromocresol green reaction and by agarose gel electrophoresis. AB - Serum albumin concentrations were measured by the immediate reacting bromocresol green (BCG) method and by agarose gel electrophoresis in healthy cattle, sheep and horses. No statistically significant differences were found between the values obtained by the two methods. The immediate reacting BCG method is quicker and cheaper when used under the conditions described. PMID- 6622844 TI - Physiological and biochemical effects of glyceryl guaiacolate-thiopentone sodium anaesthesia in buffalo calves. AB - Glyceryl guaiacolate was used with thiopentone sodium for general anaesthesia in 10 clinically healthy male buffalo calves. When the animals were in the stage of surgical anaesthesia, there was marked hypotension and tachycardia along with a decrease in central venous pressure, tidal volume, partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood and venous plasma potassium. Hyperglycaemia was another consistent feature. The changes in the acid base status were mild and inconsistent. PMID- 6622846 TI - Effect of propionic acid on urea synthesis by sheep liver. AB - Propionate reduced substantially the rate of ureagenesis by slices of sheep liver whereas butyrate did not inhibit urea synthesis. The site of inhibition of urea synthesis by propionate occurs at some point between the fixation of ammonia and the formation of citrulline since 0.5 mM propionate inhibited by 80 per cent the synthesis of citrulline by mitochondria isolated from sheep liver. Since the apparent Ki for propionate is approximately 1.7 mM, the inhibitory effect of propionate on urea synthesis could be of physiological significance in sheep. PMID- 6622847 TI - Serovar identification of leptospires of the Australis serogroup isolated from free-living and domestic species in the United Kingdom. AB - Eighteen isolates from the Australis serogroup from free-living and domestic animals were identified using the cross agglutination absorption test. Serovar muenchen was found only in England and Wales in wood mice, short tailed and bank voles, a grey squirrel and a pig. Serovar bratislava was found in hedgehogs in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and also in a brown rat from Northern Ireland. Serovar bratislava was isolated from sheep in both England and Northern Ireland and from horses in Northern Ireland. The distribution of these serovars in relation to possible maintenance hosts is discussed. PMID- 6622848 TI - Bile flow, bile salt secretion and the excretion of iron, copper, zinc and manganese in the bile of calves infected with Fasciola hepatica. AB - The rate of flow of bile and the concentrations of iron, copper, zinc and manganese in bile were measured in four bull calves, before and for at least 23 weeks after infection with 1000 metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica. Bile flow rate began to increase about 10 weeks after infection and had increased nearly three-fold by 23 weeks but bile salt (total-cholate) secretion rate remained similar to that of two control calves. The excretion of iron in bile increased rapidly eight weeks after infection from a mean of 21.5 nmol per minute to reach 469 nmol per minute at 14 weeks and this increase was accompanied by an increase in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in plasma. 59Fe studies showed that most of the iron in the bile of infected calves was derived from red blood cells. There were no changes in the excretion of zinc, copper or manganese in bile which could be associated with the infection. PMID- 6622849 TI - Effector mechanisms in the pig. Antibody-dependent cellular cytolysis of African swine fever virus infected cells. AB - Antibody dependent cellular cytolysis (ADCC) against African swine fever virus infected nucleated cells was investigated in a porcine system. Of the peripheral blood components examined, only neutrophils acted as effectors. Lymph node derived cells displayed no ADCC activity. In vitro yield reduction assays suggested that neutrophil mediated ADCC may play a role in recovery from African swine fever virus infection. PMID- 6622850 TI - Experimental immunisation of lambs against pneumonic pasteurellosis. AB - Methods of immunising lambs against pneumonic pasteurellosis, caused by several serotypes of Pasteurella haemolytica, were assessed in specific pathogen free lambs. Lambs were vaccinated intramuscularly with sodium salicylate extract (SSE) of P haemolytica, either alone or in combination with heat-killed organisms (HKO). SSE of P haemolytica type A1 protected vaccinated lambs against pneumonia resulting from challenge with the homologous serotype. SSE of type A2 also provided some protection but this was improved by vaccination with a combination of SSE and HKO. PMID- 6622851 TI - Fiber size and energy metabolites in five separate muscles from patients with chronic obstructive lung diseases. PMID- 6622852 TI - Regional mucociliary removal of inhaled particles in smokers with small airways disease. AB - Quantitative radioaerosol lung imaging was performed in 30 asymptomatic smokers selected on the basis of abnormal findings in pulmonary function tests of small airways. Regional clearance rates of inhaled 99mTc-labelled human serum albumin minimicrospheres (HAMM) were determined over upper, middle, lower, central, and peripheral anterior lung zones. In contrast with the findings in 20 nonsmokers without evidence of small airways dysfunction significant mucociliary clearance delay occurred in the peripheral and upper pulmonary regions. An aerosol distribution index (ADI) measures the homogeneity of distribution of inhaled particles in the lung. A significant difference in the mean values of ADI was found, indicating an abnormal uneven radioaerosol distribution pattern in the smokers with small airways disease. PMID- 6622853 TI - Cystic fibrosis related lung diseases in young adults with minimal impairment. AB - A small fraction of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) survive to adulthood with exceptionally mild pulmonary impairment, in marked contrast to the usual natural history of CF. 6 young adults with CF with a high clinical score were studied to assess lung function, roentgenography, bacteriology, and the distribution of ventilation and perfusion. 1 such patient died during the course of the study from a cause other than CF-related respiratory failure, and the autopsy findings were reviewed. Although a few individuals showed normal and near-normal pulmonary function, evidence for mild to moderate obstructive airways disease was present in most tests performed, particularly the maximal expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of vital capacity. The helium dilution technique of determining total lung capacity generally underestimated the values by the technique of roentgenographic planimetry which were within the normal range. Lung scintigraphy revealed matched subsegmental defects in ventilation and perfusion, with 2 subjects showing mismatched defects. The histological findings in the deceased patient were similar to those in infants before the development of pulmonary infection and showed an abnormally thick and uneven basement membrane of the bronchial epithelium. These findings support the view that CF-related lung disease in these patients is qualitatively similar to the early disease in children, but is exceptionally slow to develop in a favored few who nonetheless have greater functional disturbance than their lack of symptoms would suggest. PMID- 6622855 TI - Discriminant analysis of lung function test results in the selection of patients for bronchial carcinoma surgery. AB - Discriminant analysis was applied to the results of lung function tests carried out on patients prior to thoracotomy for carcinoma of the bronchus. A group of 64 patients who subsequently suffered post-operative complications were compared with one of 78 who were complication free. The largest differences between the mean discriminants of the groups using from 2 to 9 attributes was with combinations which included the residual volume and maximum voluntary ventilation values in every case. The differences increased little from the 2- to the 9 attribute analyses. Using the group mean discriminate as limits, two sets of 240 patients and one of 116 patients were divided into 3 risk categories. The findings were compared with those using a previously published method based upon empirically determined limits for the lung function test results. Consistent findings indicated that it was necessary to add the unweighted maximal mid expiratory flow rate and whether the operation was a right pneumonectomy to the 2 attribute discriminant procedure to give one that was comparable to the empirical method. It was concluded that little improvement can be brought about using discriminant analysis on the test results although the new procedure may prove more convenient in practice. PMID- 6622854 TI - Assessment of sarcoidosis activity by 67gallium lung scan. A study with follow up. AB - 71 consecutive patients with histologically confirmed sarcoidosis, in various clinical stages of activity, were submitted to 67Ga lung scan, and 23 of them were studied with two or more scans at intervals of 4-6 months. In patients on steroid therapy, the drug was suspended 7 days before scan to avoid the steroids interfering with the gallium (Ga) uptake mechanism. In order to assess the usefulness of 67Ga in the evaluation of sarcoid activity, six other parameters of activity were considered, ranging from angiotensin-converting enzyme levels to progressive symptoms, from deteriorating X-ray or pulmonary function tests to clinical or laboratory evidence of prominent extra thoracic involvement. Our work suggests that Ga scan is more sensitive than chest X-ray in determining the degree and variation of pulmonary sarcoidosis activity, in evaluating the response to therapy, and in foreseeing the relapses. In some cases it gives information not detectable with other noninvasive criteria. The detection of patients with active disease, after discontinuation of steroids 7 days before scan, raises doubts about the opportunities of scanning patients on steroids, and suggests that further studies on this point are needed. PMID- 6622856 TI - Steroid therapy in inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone due to malignant thymoma. AB - The authors present the case of a 48-year-old female known to have malignant thymoma with metastases for 6 years and treated continuously for 4 years by corticosteroids with marked regression of tumor. The patient ceased medication on her own accord, and was admitted with extensively enlarged tumor and metastases in association with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). In view of the previous excellent response of the thymoma to corticosteroids, the same treatment was given again with disappearance of the tumor and the features of SIADH. The authors are unaware of previous use of corticosteroids in SIADH as a consequence of their effect on tumor regressions. PMID- 6622857 TI - Intravascular bronchioloalveolar tumor (IV-BAT). AB - Intravascular bronchioloalveolar tumor (IV-BAT) is a recently described, histologically distinct, malignant, primary lung neoplasm. Originally it was believed to arise from type II alveolar cells which invade blood vessels within the lung, and hence its name. More recent ultrastructural studies suggest an origin from mesenchymal cells, and therefore the tumor may be more appropriately considered a sarcoma. The onset of the disease may be insidious, and its clinical course may vary from slow to rapid progression. A history is present of a young woman with slowly enlarging multiple ill defined pulmonary nodules. Open lung biopsy was diagnostic of IV-BAT. The clinical course, differential diagnosis and pathogenesis of this tumor are briefly discussed. PMID- 6622858 TI - The site of action of beta-2-sympathomimetic bronchodilators in patients with chronic obstructive airway disease. PMID- 6622859 TI - Decreased PaO2 in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. PMID- 6622860 TI - Skeletal muscle function in hypoxia: effect of alteration of intracellular myoglobin. AB - Enhancement of oxygen flux through myoglobin containing solutions due to myoglobin facilitated oxygen diffusion is well recognized and is most apparent under conditions of hypoxia. To examine the function of intracellular myoglobin in vivo under conditions of hypoxia, the in situ dog gastrocnemius-plantaris muscle was studied. Administration of 10% oxygen resulted in arterial PO2 values between 32 and 36 mm Hg. Muscle oxygen consumption and isometric tension generation were determined during sustained 3-Hz contractions before and after administration of hydrogen peroxide that converted functional myoglobin to forms incapable of reversible combination with oxygen. Muscle blood flow, perfusion pressure, and muscle oxygen delivery were unchanged by such treatment. Hydrogen peroxide administration resulted in oxidation of intracellular myoglobin with a resultant decrease of 37% in muscle oxygen consumption and 42% in tension generation after 20 min of stimulation. In a control group not receiving hydrogen peroxide muscle oxygen consumption and tension generation decreased by 13% and 12%, respectively. We conclude that intact functional myoglobin is important in maintaining muscle function in isometric exercise under conditions of hypoxia. PMID- 6622861 TI - Factors affecting the respiratory and cardiovascular responses to hypercapnic hypoxia, in mallard ducks. AB - Experiments were performed to determine the factors responsible for the differences in heart rate and blood flow to the leg between ducks after 60 sec head submersion and those spontaneously breathing a hypercapnic hypoxic gas mixture; blood gases were similar in both cases. It is concluded that, in forcibly submerged ducks, full development of the reduction in heart rate and of the accompanying cardiovascular adjustments is dependent upon the cessation of central respiratory activity and of respiratory movements. The CO2-sensitive receptors in the lungs account for approximately one third of the antagonism to these changes in ducks spontaneously breathing a hypoxic hypercapnic gas mixture. Other contributions are from central inspiratory neurons (a quarter of total), musculo-skeletal and cardiovascular mechanoreceptors (a quarter of total) and pulmonary mechanoreceptors (one sixth of total). PMID- 6622862 TI - Oronasal airway choice during running. AB - The choice of oronasal airway was studied in 984 subjects participating in a 10 km run. Subject's age and sex was obtained from entry forms, degree of mouth opening by videotaping the subjects' upper body as they approached the camera, and average running speed from elapsed time. The degree of mouth opening was evaluated independently by three observers. Results indicated that only three (0.3%) of the 917 analyzed subjects breathed nasally during running, 96.3% breathed oronasally, 2.3% opened and closed their mouths rhythmically with breathing, and in 10 subjects it could not be determined whether the mouth was open or closed. No relationship existed between degree of mouth opening and subjects' age, sex or running speed. It was concluded that the incidence of nasal breathing during self-paced endurance running is less frequent than indicated by previous laboratory studies. PMID- 6622863 TI - Effect of chronic cold and submergence on blood oxygen transport in the turtle, Chrysemys picta. AB - Whole blood oxygen equilibrium curves (O2EC's) and related hematologic properties are reported for the turtle Chrysemys picta exposed to two experimental conditions. Summer turtles were maintained at 24 degrees C with free access to air; winter turtles were submerged for 4-12 wk in N2-bubbled water at 3 degrees C. Half-saturation Po2's at 3 degrees C for blood from summer and winter animals were 4.1 and 4.5 Torr, respectively. At 24 degrees C, summer and winter P50's were 20.2 and 22.7 Torr, respectively. The winter turtle P50 values were lower than predicted since prolonged submergence effected a severe metabolic acidosis; blood pH's for winter turtles were 0.65 pH unit lower than for summer animals at both temperatures. Cold submergence also had a profound influence on O2EC shape. Winter turtle curves exhibited high O2 affinity below P50 while they were distinctly right-shifted above 50% S. Winter animals also exhibited reduced CO2 Bohr coefficients (delta log Po2/delta pH) at 3 and 24 degrees C. Prolonged submergence did not affect the animal's isohemoglobin profile (demonstrated by isoelectric focusing) or [metHb]. The [ATP] and [DPG] in winter turtle red cells, however, decreased significantly; the ratio of organic phosphate ([ATP] + [DPG]) to Hb tetramer fell from 1.4 in summer animals to 0.5 in winter turtles. These findings suggest that the effect of chronic cold and prolonged submergence on turtle O2EC position and shape may result from reduction in RBC organic phosphates. Furthermore, these observed changes in blood oxygen transport may facilitate O2 loading during winter submergence via extrapulmonary gas exchange. PMID- 6622864 TI - Effects of hypoxia on lung volume in the garter snake. AB - Ventilation and lung volume were measured in unanesthetized garter snakes using a headout body plethysmograph. The breathing cycle consisted of expiration, inspiration and a prolonged post-inspiratory breath-holding period, which lasted until the onset of the next expiration. Hypoxia induced increases in VT and in the volume at which the breath was held between cycles. Hypercapnia usually elicited hyperpnea after an initial, transient inhibition of breathing movements, but was accompanied by little or no increase in breath-holding lung volume. Snakes with T-tube tracheostomies failed to maintain the normal positive intrapulmonary pressure during the breath-holding period and failed to increase breath-holding lung volume in hypoxia, despite increased inspiratory excursions. These studies demonstrate a pronounced increase in lung volume during hypoxia and indicate that this response requires an intact upper airway. These findings in a reptile may be related in evolutionary terms to the increase in lung volume and post-inspiratory laryngeal narrowing that occur in mammals during hypoxia. PMID- 6622865 TI - Dopaminergic modulation of respiratory timing mechanisms in carotid body denervated dogs. AB - The role of central dopaminergic mechanisms in ventilatory control was investigated by monitoring phrenic motorneuronal output of anesthetized dogs which were vagotomized, paralyzed and artificially ventilated and in which bilateral carotid body denervation had been performed. Intravenous administration of dopamine (DA) had no effect on phrenic output in these dogs. In contrast, apomorphine (APO), a potent dopaminergic agonist, which unlike dopamine, crosses the blood-brain barrier consistently and significantly prolonged inspiratory duration and shortened expiratory duration without altering phrenic amplitude. The dopaminergic antagonist haloperidol produced a frequency-dependent decrease in basal phrenic minute activity and reversed or abolished APO-induced changes in the phrenic profile. These data verify the specificity of APO for dopamine receptors and further suggest that DA receptors in the central nervous system exert a tonic effect on central respiratory control mechanisms. In contrast, domperidone, a dopaminergic antagonist which poorly penetrates the blood-brain barrier did not alter basal phrenic characteristics. Moreover, with the exception of inspiratory duration, domperidone did not antagonize APO-induced alterations in the phrenic profile. We conclude that dopaminergic mechanisms within the brain or spinal cord modulate timing relationships of central respiratory output. PMID- 6622867 TI - Functional venous admixture in the lungs of the turtle, Chrysemys scripta. AB - Pulmonary functional venous admixture was determined during forced, unidirectional ventilation with pure O2 and air. At a normal lung volume of 140 ml X kg-1, anatomical shunts (physical bypass of gas exchange surface by the blood) averaged 10% of pulmonary blood flow but it increased to 28% as lung volume declined to 30 ml X kg-1. Diffusion limitation and possibly inhomogeneity in ventilation: perfusion ratio also contributed to a total functional venous admixture of about 25% at normal lung volume. PMID- 6622866 TI - Activity of upper airway muscles during augmented breaths. AB - The effect of augmented breaths on the electrical activity of upper airway (UAW) muscles was studied in fourteen spontaneously breathing anesthetized dogs. Moving average traces of the electrical activity recorded from the genioglossus (GG), the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA), and the alar portion of the nasalis muscle (AN) were compared to tracings of diaphragm electrical activity. During augmented breaths the electrical activity of the diaphragm showed the characteristic biphasic pattern previously described: an initial phase following the contour of a normal breath (phase I) and an augmented phase arising near the crest of the initial phase (phase II). During all augmented breaths, the GG, PCA and AN showed the same biphasic pattern as the diaphragm. The normally rounded shape of UAW muscle EMG activity during control breaths changed to a more sharply peaked form during the second phase of the augmented breath. Onset of activity of all UAW muscles studied preceded that of the diaphragm; during control breaths, the average interval was 0.29 sec for the PCA, 0.25 sec for the GG and 0.14 sec for the AN (P less than 0.05). The amount of pre-activation was decreased to less than 0.10 sec during the second phase of the augmented breath. The slopes and amplitudes of phase I were similar to that of control breaths. The peak EMG activity of the augmented breath was 214% of the control breaths for the diaphragm, 247% for the GG, 168% for the AN and 161% for the PCA (P less than 0.005 for GG, P less than 0.001 for the others). During hyperoxic hypercapnia the slopes and amplitudes of phase II remained nearly constant for all four muscles, whereas the slopes and amplitudes of phase I changed with the chemical drive just as in control breaths. UAW resistance, recorded in five additional spontaneously breathing anesthetized dogs, was 32% less during inspiration than expiration during control breaths, and 31% less during phase I of augmented breaths; there was a further 18% decrease during phase II of augmented breaths (P less than 0.001). The results suggest that mechanisms responsible for augmented breaths act similarly on upper airway muscles and the diaphragm. PMID- 6622868 TI - [Septic arthritis. Salmonella as frequent cause in immunosuppressed patients in endemic areas]. PMID- 6622869 TI - [Palmo-mental reflex. It's clinical significance in neurological disease]. PMID- 6622870 TI - [Considerations about splenectomy in hairy cell leukemia]. PMID- 6622872 TI - [Clinical and genetic study of tuberous sclerosis in a pediatric hospital]. PMID- 6622871 TI - [Primary lymphomas of the small intestine]. PMID- 6622873 TI - [Urinary excretion of total catecholamines, adrenaline, noradrenaline, metanephrines, homovanillic and vanillylmandelic acids in healthy subjects]. PMID- 6622874 TI - [Determination of urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxiphenilethylenglycol in healthy subjects]. PMID- 6622875 TI - [Hemoglobin Riyadh beta 120 (GH3) LIS leads to ASN in three Mexican families]. PMID- 6622876 TI - [Intermethod difference of serum ferritin]. PMID- 6622877 TI - Mesencephalic and bulbar reticular influences on somatosensory cortical neurons: short- and long-latency effects. AB - Somatosensory cortical neurons were intracellularly and extracellularly recorded in cats encephale isole, and after acute lesions of midthalamic nuclei or after chronic hemisection of the brain stem at the pretrigeminal level. Intracellular recordings showed postsynaptic facilitatory and inhibitory effects at very low latency by stimulating both the mesencephalic (MRF) and bulbar reticular formation (BRF). Inhibitory effects dominated by stimulating the BRF. Neither midthalamic lesions nor pretrigeminal hemisection changed the quality of latency of postsynaptic responses. Extracellular recordings revealed long-latency inhibition of discharge following MRF stimulation after midthalamic lesion. In these experimental conditions long-latency BRF effects were abolished. No differences were found in responses of pyramidal tract (PT) or non-PT neurons during BRF and MRF stimulation. The results are discussed on the basis of a possible extrathalamic differential reticular control, from caudal and rostral brain stem, of somatosensory cortical neurons. PMID- 6622878 TI - Regional metabolic activity in the rat brain during sleep-wake activity. AB - [14C]2-Deoxyglucose autoradiography was used to demonstrate regional metabolic activity in the rat brain during wake, slow-wave sleep (SWS), and REM sleep. Data are expressed as values of relative metabolic activity (RMA, regional optic density/mean brain optic density), which show the level of metabolic activity in a region, relative to the mean level of the brain. Regions exhibiting obviously decreased RMA during SWS include the cerebellum, cortical layer IV, and most of the thalamus, including the massa intermedia and lateral geniculate nuclei. Low levels of RMA in sensory relay regions during SWS reflect functional deafference of the brain. In contrast, some limbic regions, including the hypothalamic core and hippocampal dentate fascia, exhibit increased RMA during SWS. Regions exhibiting increased RMA may have functions which are carried on at high levels during sleep. The metabolic appearance of the brain in REM is very different from that in SWS. The reticular core, substantia nigra, hippocampal dentate fascia, and stratum moleculare, and many regions associated with the extrapyramidal motor system, exhibit increased RMA. The cerebellum and ventral thalamic nucleus show decreased RMA, while the lateral thalamic nuclei and cortical layer IV show no metabolic state dependency. In sum, SWS is associated with a general decrease in RMA of sensory and motor areas, and with increased RMA in some limbic regions. RMA is similar in cerebellar and hippocampal regions during REM and SWS. In contrast, RMA in many sensory relay regions does not decrease during REM, and there is REM-specific increase of RMA in some pontomesencephalic regions associated with motor function. PMID- 6622880 TI - Sighs during sleep in adult humans. AB - We analyzed sighs (breaths with a tidal volume at least twice that of baseline breaths) during sleep in 12 normal adults. We found a total of 124 sighs in the group, with an average of 1.66 sighs/h of sleep, but with great intersubject variation (range: 1-25 sighs/night). There were sighs in all sleep stages, but there were more per hour in stage 1. 64.4% of the sighs were associated with an increase in EMG activity or EEG frequency, starting either before or immediately after the sigh. The remainder of the sighs were not associated with any arousal or sleep stage changes. The normal variability of heart rate with breathing is exaggerated during sighs, probably because of the greater inflation and the associated arousal. Sighs have larger mean inspiratory flows (Vt/Ti), expiratory flows (Vt/Te), and a larger fraction of respiratory cycle spent in inspiration (Ti/Ttot) than the previous breaths, all evidence of a change in respiratory control. Sighs during sleep may occasionally be followed by central apneas, hypoventilation, or considerable slowing of respiratory rate. Although it has been shown that a sigh renders the respiratory centers refractory to another sigh, we found that sighs sometimes occur in pairs. PMID- 6622879 TI - Recovery sleep following sleep deprivation in intact and suprachiasmatic nuclei lesioned rats. AB - Recovery sleep was studied for 3-5 days following 24 h of sleep deprivation (TSD) in normal rats and in rats lacking circadian rhythms (CRs) of sleep because of prior lesioning of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). One group of lesioned rats was run in constant dim light. Another lesioned group and an intact group were run on a 12:12 dark-light schedule with TSD and recovery beginning at lights-off. All groups showed immediate rebounds of high-amplitude NREM sleep and paradoxical sleep, confined mostly to the first 12-18 h of recovery, and decreases in moderate and low-amplitude NREM sleep during the first 6-12 h of recovery. Thus, sleep stage rebound priorities were little affected by CRs. Total sleep rebound was initially greatest in intact rats, but limited mostly to the first 12 h of recovery. Total sleep rebound was distributed over a longer period in SCN rats, but total accumulated rebound was similar in all groups. Thus, CRs appear to modulate the timing but not the amount of accumulated total sleep rebound. Results were interpreted in terms of ceiling effects on total sleep, delayed rebounds, and competition between CRs and homeostatic recovery processes. Recovery sleep of lesioned rats on the dark-light schedule was marked by a transient diurnal rhythm. PMID- 6622881 TI - Successful treatment of human non-24-hour sleep-wake syndrome. AB - The authors report a case in which a non-24-h (hypernychthemeral) sleep-wake cycle appeared as a late complication of a more fundamental disturbance in the quality of sleep (difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings, nonrefreshing sleep). The sleep disturbance began abruptly after a series of stressful events. The patient reported that he extended his hours of bedrest in the morning in order to increase his total sleep time and feel mor rested, and that he gradually extended his hours of activity in the late evening in order to increase his drowsiness and ability to fall asleep. At first this behavior, which was a deliberate attempt to compensate for inefficient nighttime sleep, led to a delayed sleep period, as also occurs in the delayed sleep phase syndrome. After several years in which sleep efficiency progressively deteriorated, this behavior led to a non-24-h free-running sleep-wake cycle. After the patient was treated with thyroxine for borderline hypothyroidism, and then flurazepam and finally vitamin B12, his sleep disturbance progressively improved and his sleep-wake cycle shortened. After B12 treatment he was able to advance the timing of ;his sleep period for the first time in nearly 10 years and to follow a normal 24-h sleep-wake regimen. PMID- 6622882 TI - Temporal sequence and unit composition in dream reports from different stages of sleep. AB - Mentation reports were collected from 23 subjects following awakenings from REM and NREM sleep and at sleep onset. Subjects organized these reports according to temporal sequence, and judges scored them for activity-based temporal units and for the composition of such units. The judgment data were subjected to analysis to determine whether reports differed systematically by state in either thematic sequencing (moment-to-moment setting and character continuity) or unit composition (density of characterization, setting articulation). Previous findings of inter-state differences in dream quantity (recall, length) were replicated. a sample of typical-length multiunit reports showed a number of stage differences, while samples of matched-length reports did not differ by stage in thematic sequence or the degree of articulation of single units. However, matched for length, REM reports continued to contain more per-unit self representation than did sleep onset reports and denser per-unit overall characterization than NREM reports. The results suggest that most inter-stage differences in dream "quality" are, in fact, by-products of inter-stage differences in dream quantity, but that there are residual stage differences that can coherently be attributed neither to differences in the continuity with which dream production processes are activated in different stages nor to differences in dream retrieval from different stages. PMID- 6622883 TI - Polysomnographic findings in dystonia musculorum deformans. AB - Twenty-five cases from the literature and four personal cases with dystonia musculorum deformans are described. The polysomnographic EEG findings of severely involved patients were characterized by over abundance of stage 2 sleep, with a characteristic pattern of spindle activity, increased latency to sleep, and reduced sleep efficiency. The similarities between these patients may underscore the importance of sleep spindles as a feature of the dystonia process and may be useful in the investigation of other basal ganglia disorders. PMID- 6622884 TI - A high-performance portable EEG amplifier. PMID- 6622885 TI - Cardiobacterium hominis: review of microbiologic and clinical features. AB - Cardiobacterium hominis, like other fastidious, opportunistic gram-negative bacilli, including Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Haemophilus aphrophilus, and Eikenella corrodens, is increasingly recognized as a cause of human disease. In this review the microbiologic and clinical features of C. hominis are discussed. The findings are based on observations of two infected patients (the case history of one was reported previously) and on reports in the literature of 32 others. Microbiologically, the chief distinguishing features of C. hominis are its characteristic colonial morphotype and its production of indole. Infection with C. hominis is clinically distinctive because of its chronic course (averaging 169 days among patients with endocarditis), the absence of documented infection outside of the bloodstream, and the high degree of responsiveness to treatment with penicillin. PMID- 6622886 TI - Anaerobic osteomyelitis of long bones. AB - Nine cases of anaerobic osteomyelitis of long bones are reviewed, and data are tabulated for an additional 52 cases from the literature. Three major clinical presentations of this disease entity include an acute hematogenous form usually involving previously normal bones in younger patients; a chronic infection in which the anaerobic bacteria superinfect a fracture site already compromised by osteomyelitis due to aerobic organisms, usually Staphylococcus aureus; and an indolent infection at the site of indwelling prosthetic devices. This last form appears to be initiated at the time of surgery by the introduction of normal cutaneous anaerobic flora into the wound, but disease does not become apparent until months to years later. The responsible organisms, pathophysiology, and clinical presentations of these three forms are discussed; and the therapeutic necessity to remove all devitalized tissues, reestablish vascularity, graft bony defects, and combine this with long-term antibiotic therapy, preferably bactericidal against the causative organisms, is emphasized. PMID- 6622887 TI - Role of Chlamydia trachomatis in perinatal infection. AB - The transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis from the infected cervix of a mother to the eye of an infant, with resultant inclusion conjunctivitis, was documented in humans and in primates 75 years ago by cytologic methods. With modern microbiologic methodology it is possible to quantitate this transmission. It is now known that 2%-24% (usually 7%-12%) of cervices are infected before delivery and that 18%-50% (usually 20%-25%) of infants born to culture-positive mothers develop conjunctivitis. In addition, nasopharyngeal infection occurs in 15%-20% of infants, and 3%-18% develop pneumonia due to C. trachomatis. Bronchiolitis and otitis media are less common infections. The consequence of rectal and vaginal colonization remains unknown, as does the significance of the increase in antibody titers against C. trachomatis throughout early childhood. Early studies suggesting that C. trachomatis was a prominent cause of postpartum endometritis and a cause of premature delivery have not been confirmed in larger prospective studies when mycoplasma species were simultaneously studied. A subset of mothers with active infection, as evidenced by IgM antibody against C. trachomatis, may have earlier delivery, but it is clear that evaluation of the contribution of C. trachomatis to maternal and fetal risk will require larger studies with evaluation of possible concurrent mycoplasmal infection. PMID- 6622888 TI - Reactogenicity, immunogenicity, and antibody persistence in adults given inactivated influenza virus vaccines - 1978. AB - Monovalent A/USSR/77 (H1N1) and trivalent A/USSR/77, A/Texas/77 (H3N2), and B/Hong Kong/72 influenza virus vaccines from four manufacturers were tested in 292 adult volunteers. Systemic reactions were mild and resembled those with 1976 (swine) vaccines containing similar doses (in micrograms) of viral hemagglutinin. Trivalent vaccines caused more local inflammation than did monovalent, especially in older women. Two doses containing 7 micrograms of hemagglutinin each were required to induce a titer of hemagglutinin-inhibiting antibody of greater than or equal to 40 against A/USSR/77 virus in a majority of persons with an initial titer of less than 10, but one dose containing 20 micrograms of hemagglutinin did so; even one dose containing 7 micrograms was sufficient if the initial titer was greater than or equal to 10. Vaccine-induced titers of antibody to A/USSR/77 virus fell more during the six months after vaccination in younger than in older adults; this observation suggested that prior experience with related influenza viruses alters both production and persistence of antibody after vaccination. Seroconversions to A/Texas/77 and B/Hong Kong/72 viruses were more frequent in younger than in older adults with titers less than or equal to 20 before vaccination, but the final proportion of volunteers with titers of greater than or equal to 40 was high in both groups. Standardization of dosages in terms of micrograms of hemagglutinin appeared to reduce differences in responses to vaccines of different types and sources. PMID- 6622889 TI - Serologic responses and systemic reactions in adults after vaccination with monovalent A/USSR/77 and trivalent A/USSR/77, A/Texas/77, B/Hong Kong/72 influenza vaccines. AB - Four hundred twenty-six volunteers aged 16 to 83 years were given experimental doses of inactivated monovalent [A/USSR/77 (H1N1)] and trivalent [A/USSR/77 (H1N1), A/Texas/77 (H3N2), B/Hong Kong/72] influenza vaccines as part of a double blinded, placebo-controlled, national collaborative study. Local reactions at inoculation sites occurred in less than 6.6% of volunteers. Systemic reactions, generally consisting of low-grade fever, myalgia, or headache, lasting less than 24 hr, did not occur more frequently in vaccinees than in placebo recipients. Vaccines containing lower doses of the A/Texas/77 (H3N2) hemagglutinin (8-10 micrograms) and B/Hong Kong/72 hemagglutinin (6-9 micrograms) produced hemagglutinin-inhibiting (HAI) antibody responses equivalent to those produced by higher doses (15-28 and 19-28 micrograms, respectively) in all age groups. Single injections of vaccines containing lower doses of A/USSR/77 (H1N1) hemagglutinin (4-7 micrograms) induced titers of HAI antibody of greater than 1:40 in 93% of volunteers greater than or equal to 26 years of age but in only 58% of volunteers less than 26 years of age. In this latter group, two injections containing higher doses (10-19 micrograms) induced better antibody responses. Vaccines containing approximately 6-15 micrograms of hemagglutinin of each antigen can be expected to be well tolerated and to induce good HAI antibody responses in a one- or two-dose regimen, depending on the age group. PMID- 6622890 TI - Selective primary health care: strategies for control of disease in the developing world. VI. Onchocerciasis. AB - Onchocerca volvulus, a major filarial parasite of humans, infects tens of millions of people and is a leading cause of blindness. It also causes disabling or disfiguring dermatitis and lymph node involvement. The infection is transmitted by the bite of female blackflies of Simulium species, which breed around freely flowing waterways. Vector control by aerial spraying of rivers and streams with larvicide has achieved some success in the Volta River Basin, but other areas are less well-suited for such an approach. Efforts to control onchocerciasis are plagued by emerging resistance of blackflies, excessive costs of spraying, and the lack of suitable chemotherapy for existing cases. Mass chemotherapy for infected persons as a means to limit the disease and its impact is not feasible because existing drug regiments are too complex, too toxic, or not effective enough. Selective chemotherapy directed at persons at high risk of complications may be a more effective means of minimizing the impact of the disease. PMID- 6622892 TI - Antibiotics: the medium is the message. PMID- 6622891 TI - "Q" fever, a new fever entity: clinical features, diagnosis and laboratory investigation. PMID- 6622893 TI - [Proximal gastric vagotomy in the elective treatment of duodenal ulcer. Results 1 5 years later]. PMID- 6622894 TI - [Late results in superselective vagotomy]. PMID- 6622895 TI - [Kawasaki disease (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome). Report of 7 cases and brief review]. PMID- 6622896 TI - [Physiopathology and prevention of infections in patients with multiple trauma]. PMID- 6622897 TI - [Leptospirosis]. PMID- 6622898 TI - [Cancer of the endometrium. Therapeutic aspects in clinical stages I and II]. PMID- 6622899 TI - [Achalasia of the esophagus: cardiomyotomy and fundoplasty, surgical treatment of choice]. PMID- 6622900 TI - [Surgical treatment of hiatal hernia: 3-year analysis]. PMID- 6622901 TI - [Esophagogastric anastomosis as an alternative in the treatment of achalasia of the esophagus (report of 6 patients)]. PMID- 6622902 TI - [Perforated peptic ulcer: primary closure or definitive surgery?]. PMID- 6622903 TI - [Tumors of the duodenum]. PMID- 6622904 TI - [Tryptophan in hepatic encephalopathy]. PMID- 6622905 TI - [Pyogenic hepatic abscesses treated medically. Report of a case and brief review of the literature]. PMID- 6622906 TI - [Fascioliasis of the extrahepatic bile ducts. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 6622907 TI - [Meeting of the Work Group on Rescue Arrangements, Mine Fires and Underground Combustions. Hasselt, 10-12 October 1982]. PMID- 6622908 TI - [Elaboration of a course in training galleries for use in testing of self rescue devices]. AB - The approval of self rescuer devices for use in the underground needs, among other things, human testing in training galleries. As the training galleries are not the same in the different central rescue stations, the C.C.R. was entrusted with the task of developing a standard test for Belgium. After comparing data with two other countries of the E.E.C. and having devised two experimental courses, the C.C.R. launched a project for "Community Ergonomics Action" with the financial support of the Commission of the European Communities. This financial support enabled the C.C.R. to purchase equipment for the continuous measurement of various physiological parameters. This equipment was used to determine as accurately as possible the effort involved in passing through a specific type of roadway at a given speed. The resulting information helped device a third test course which entails an average oxygen uptake of approximately 1,2 l/min; the paper gives a detailed description of this test. PMID- 6622909 TI - [Continuous measurement of energy consumption in the work place]. AB - Modern methods make it possible to measure respiratory parameters as VE, respiratory frequency, VO2 and delta O2% and circulatory parameters as heart rate and oxygen pulse in very difficult conditions. Very recently these parameters were measured continuously on mineworkers at work in a tailgate stable hole for the first time. These measures were completed by physiological evaluations with the same methods on the same subjects during exercise in a lung function laboratory or in a simulation chamber with different conditions of humidity and temperature. PMID- 6622910 TI - [Continuous registration of various ergonomic data during exertion]. AB - The MEMOLOG 500 system is a very simple instrument for the data-recording of various physiological or physical parameters. It is a very light (370 g), two channel instrument which allows the storing in its memory of 512 values for each of two parameters. The data are then extracted and processed by a preprogrammed microcomputer, the MEMOSCAN 510 system. An example of application is illustrated. PMID- 6622911 TI - [The "Mining Rescue System and Mine Fires" Working Group. Tasks, results, future activities]. AB - The president of the working party presents details of its principal tasks in the past and in the present time. These can be summed up in a study of the problems mentioned below and the subsequent elaboration of recommendations for the benefit of the governments, guidelines, information reports and research proposals. The principal problems that were or are still under study are: --prevention of fires: shaft equipment, hydraulic fluids, belt conveyors, . . .; --detection of mine fires and spontaneous combustion; --fighting of mine fires: shaft fires, construction of stoppings, openings and recovering of fire zones, . . .; - coordination and rescue equipment: escape and rescue breathing apparatus, flameproof clothing, rescue of trapped miners; --stabilization of ventilation in the event of fire, . . . The speaker stresses the importance of the information exchange and the atmosphere of fellowship and solidarity that prevails in the working party. PMID- 6622912 TI - [Increase in the temperature of fire fumes. Proposal of a mathematical model]. AB - The ventilation instability generated by hot fumes on the return airflow of a fire, especially in workings with appreciable differences of level, has been largely studied and approached by numerous calculation attempts. French experts had the idea to adapt to this problem a calculation model that was previously elaborated to evaluate the temperature evolution in deep strata cooled by a ventilation roadway. The speaker shortly exposes this model and stresses that complementary research is necessary. PMID- 6622913 TI - [Fire fighting with nitrogen in the German coal mining industry]. AB - Fire-fighting methods using inert gases have been known for decades. In December 1974, for the first time in the German coalmining industry, liquid nitrogen was gasified at the surface and fed to a mine fire underground. This developed into a standard fire-fighting procedure in mines and has been used in numerous cases. The great advantage of this method for the mine rescue operations is the elimination of explosion hazards and the possibility to create better working conditions. The example of a large scale fire in 1982 illustrates how fire zones can be stopped and reopened in immediate succession, if some requirements are fulfilled. The neutralization method sets new technical and safety tasks for the mine rescue services. Instruction on working in a low oxygen environment now represents a particularly important part of their training. PMID- 6622914 TI - [Ergonomics in the context of mining]. AB - After a short historical account of ergonomics, the speaker exposes its objectives: amelioration of working conditions, elimination of tasks that are beyond the worker's abilities, search for working norms and conditions according to men's needs and aspirations. He then enlarges on the ergonomical methods: measure and quantification of tasks, reckoning of the working situation in its whole, multi-disciplinary approach and thus necessity to set up teams, participation of the workers concerned. He stresses that the iron and steel industry and the mining industry have taken a leading part in ergonomics and that this part has been amplified by the support of the departments of the European Communities. PMID- 6622915 TI - Ergonomics action: a direct response to the health and safety needs of the E.C.S.C. miner. AB - The head of the "Ergonomics" department of the ECSC noted that it is also the silver jubilee of ergonomics in the ECSC programmes. He then goes on to why action rather than research has been stressed since 1975: action corresponds more directly to the needs of the industry. Ergonomics teams were established in the four Community coal industries: they identify and co-ordinate work in the Community programmes which aim at: --centering the investigation on the miner at work, --developing the implementation of the results of the research, - capitalizing on the unique consensus which exists between the social partners with regard to health and safety. PMID- 6622916 TI - [Stability of S. mansoni egg excretion in feces of children with chronic schistosomiasis mansoni]. PMID- 6622917 TI - Pulmonary localization of paracoccidioidomycosis: lung function studies before and after treatment. PMID- 6622918 TI - [Treatment with praziquantel of human taeniasis caused by Taenia saginata or T. solium]. PMID- 6622919 TI - [Cutaneous paracoccidioidomycosis]. PMID- 6622920 TI - [Epidemiologic aspects of paracoccidioidomycosis in the endemic area of Botucatu (Sao Paulo - Brazil)]. PMID- 6622921 TI - [Seroepidemiological surveys. Collection, transport and storage of samples]. PMID- 6622922 TI - Identification of Leishmania mexicana mexicana in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. PMID- 6622923 TI - The thickening of basement membrane in synovial capillaries in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Synovial tissues from seven rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients were used for the ultrastructural investigation of capillary cellular components and basement membranes (BM). Attention has been specially paid to the mechanism of BM thickening of the capillaries in the inflammatory sites. The capillary BM were multilamellated in the inflammatory sites. The multilamellation was characteristic not only in the BM surrounding the endothelial cells and pericytes but also in the BM between these two types of cells. Cell debris was frequently encountered between the multilamellated BM. The hyperplasia and various stages of degeneration of the endothelial cells were observed in these regions. Some endothelial cells were activated and occasionally located in capillaries containing degenerated endothelial cells. The high incidence of these findings indicates the following hypotheses. The accelerated rate of death and replenishment of capillary cellular components may play a role in BM thickening in the inflammatory sites of RA synovium. These cells may not only produce one layer of BM in their life-time but may also be activated to produce excessive amounts of BM components to make several layers. PMID- 6622924 TI - Investigations into the induction of chronic experimental arthritis in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). AB - In an attempt to produce a superior model of rheumatoid arthritis, experiments have been performed to investigate the ease of induction of experimental arthritis in marmosets by immunological means. Marmosets were sensitised with the following combinations of antigen and adjuvant: ovalbumin in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), ovalbumin in FCA + Bordetella pertussis, methylated-BSA in FCA + B. pertussis or human fibrin in FCA + B. pertussis, and subsequently injected with the corresponding antigen in saline into one knee joint. Animals receiving ovalbumin, with or without B. pertussis, produced only a weak transient monoarticular synovitis. Animals receiving Met-BSA + B. pertussis produced a chronic synovitis but only mild erosive changes were apparent even 21 weeks after intraarticular injection. Animals receiving human fibrin produced a transient monoarticular synovitis of moderate intensity. These results indicate that the marmoset offers no obvious advantages over the rabbit for the induction of experimental rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6622925 TI - Human immunoglobulins in therapy. Rationale and clinical applications. PMID- 6622926 TI - Measurement of low levels of immunoglobulins. A simple solid-phase radioimmunoassay. AB - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay for the measurement of immunoglobulins is described, which is simple to perform and possesses sensitivity down to 1 ng/ml. Using anti-light chain serum in the solid-phase, antibody of any class can be measured using suitable labelled antisera. PMID- 6622927 TI - Determination of plasma antithrombin III by tanned red cell hemagglutination inhibition immunoassay. AB - Concentrations of antithrombin III have been evaluated in normal and pathological plasmas by a new immunochemical technique, the tanned red cell hemagglutination inhibition methods that analyze the biological activities of antithrombin III. PMID- 6622928 TI - Functional characterization of specific IgE antibodies for tetanus toxoid. AB - The specific IgE response that appears in subjects immunized with tetanus toxoid does not induce hypersensitivity reactions at subsequent immunizations. The type I immune response, therefore, was studied both in vivo and in vitro, in 11 subjects who had specific IgE antibodies for tetanus toxoid. The results showed that: 1. the specific IgE antibodies are heterogeneous regarding their affinity for the mast cell and basophil receptors; 2. the specific IgG antibodies for tetanus toxoid, at serum concentrations, are not able to interfere with the in vitro specific basophil degranulation; 3. in the PEG precipitate there are aggregates of specific IgE antibodies for tetanus toxoid. In vitro, these molecular aggregates are not able to sensitize the basophil cells. PMID- 6622930 TI - A case of congenital afibrinogenemia. Study of a new family. AB - A case of congenital afibrinogenemia is described. In the family studied, the defect is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. The possible heterogeneity of congenital afibrinogenemia is discussed. PMID- 6622929 TI - Treatment of HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis with corticosteroids and/or azathioprine. A prospective study. AB - 204 patients with biopsy-proven CAH were observed for at least one year with periodic examinations including a second liver biopsy for each patient. Patients were assigned at random to a group left untreated or treated with either azathioprine 100 mg daily, or prednisolone (Dutimelan 8 15), or prednisolone plus azathioprine 50 mg daily. The outcome, assessed on clinical, biochemical and histological parameters, was correlated to the presence or absence of HBeAg and its antibody. No treatment was effective in HBeAg-positive patients whereas, among anti-HBe-positive patients, those who were treated with the association of steroids and azathioprine more frequently showed improvement and less frequently deteriorated (p less than 0.01) than untreated patients. Thus, HBsAg/anti-HBe positive patients with CAH may be treated with the combination of these drugs, even though many side-effects may occur and there are frequent relapses after discontinuation of treatment. PMID- 6622932 TI - 2nd European Conference on Industrial Microbiology Milan, September 15-17th, 1982. PMID- 6622931 TI - A method for simultaneous measurements of body water compartments and potassium pool in anuric subjects. AB - A method is described for simultaneous measurement of total body water, extracellular body water, plasma volume, exchangeable potassium pool employing radioactive tracers (3H2O, Na235SO4, 42KCl and 125I human serum albumin). Some suggestions are made that are particularly applicable to routine use in anuric and/or dialyzed patients. The observed values fit well with the values predicted for a reference subject. PMID- 6622933 TI - [Apropos of a case of myopathy with histologic and electrophysiologic findings of both a myogenic and neurogenic nature]. AB - The authors describe the case of a 36 years old woman suffering from muscular weakness with proximo-distal distribution to legs, and proximal to arms. The disease, appeared during the third decade of life, is slowly becoming more serious. Hematochemical analyses are all within a normal standard; EMG and histopathologic findings prove the existence of both a protopathic and neurogenic trouble in studied muscles. A therapy based on prednisone (50 mg/die) and ACTH (1 mg each 5 days) for a fourty days period doesn't cause essential changes in symptomatology. A cousin (on her mother's side) of our patient suffers from probable "sporadic distal myopathy". The authors discuss if the disease, shown by this patient, may be considered as an atypical form of SDM or if, what appears more probable, it must be nosographically framed as "scapuloperoneal atrophy". PMID- 6622934 TI - [Metastases of intestinal carcinoma simulating a meningioma of the olfactory perforation]. AB - A case of a tumor of the anterior cranial fossa, which had clinical, radiological and surgical features of an olfactory meningioma, but histological findings of a metastasis from intestinal carcinoma, is reported. Differential radiological features between meningiomas and metastases are briefly examined and the role of the dura mater in metastatic spreading is discussed. PMID- 6622935 TI - [Melituric picture in a group of myasthenics]. AB - On the ground of preceding researches carried out about myodystrophias, the authors studied the melituric symptomatology in both a group of myasthenic patients and a group of control. The chromatographic analysis and the dosage of some urinary carbohydrates, showed that there are not statistically significant differences between the group of myasthenic patients and that of controls. PMID- 6622936 TI - [Evaluations of vision recovery after removal of pituitary adenomas via the transsphenoidal approach]. AB - The AA. relate upon the results obtained in 42 patients treated with transsphenoidal surgery for hypophyseal adenomas, concerning 1 week and 6 months follow up in ophthalmologic deficits recovery. They emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 6622937 TI - [Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in adults. Anatomo-clinical illustration in 1 case]. AB - A 23 years old man suffering from SSPE died 18 months after the onset of the disease. The clinical picture, EEG and immunological tests were typical for SSPE, and so was the anatomo-pathological investigation; the only difference was that the Cowdry type A inclusion bodies were absent. The peculiarity of this case consists in the fact that the disease appeared in an adult. In the literature we found very few cases of SSPE with such a late onset. PMID- 6622938 TI - Treatment of idiopathic polyradiculoneuropathies by plasma exchange. PMID- 6622939 TI - [Subclinical deficit in the memory of chronic alcoholics. Comparison between 2 learning tests]. AB - Normal subjects and chronic alcoholics without clinical evidence of memory disorders have been compared on two tasks of verbal learning of a word list, one administered with the classical procedure and the other with the "selective reminding" technique developed by Bushke. Results showed that the selective reminding technique has the same discriminative power as the classical procedure: both brought out a remarkable learning deficit in chronic alcoholics. The selective reminding procedure is easier to administer and can distinguish between storage and retrieval deficits; it seems therefore preferable for diagnostic purposes. Practical criteria to distinguish a normal from pathologic performance on this test are suggested. Alcoholics were also inferior on Raven Progressive Matrices. The scope of the impairment produced by chronic alcohol consumption is wider than suggested by clinical observations and deserves careful assessment. PMID- 6622940 TI - [Apropos of delusions of grandeur in general paresis: considerations in 1 case]. AB - Nowadays diagnosis of neurosyphilis has become an infrequent event. Furthermore, the few patients studied have a clinical picture different from that described in the past. We report the clinical evolution of a patient with general paresis who suffered from delusions of grandeur, a clinical feature almost disappeared in these times. This mental disorder did not change after prolonged phenothyazines treatment. Among possible causes that made delusions of grandeur disappear in general paresis, remarkable improvements in therapy and major changes in social life should be considered. PMID- 6622941 TI - [Utility objects most frequently causing contact dermatitis and skin irritation in Poland. V. Other products causing eczema]. PMID- 6622942 TI - [Lysosomal enzyme activity as an indicator in the toxicological evaluation of contact allergens. II. Sensitization of experimental animals]. PMID- 6622943 TI - [Theoretical evaluation of the nutritive value of daily diets in boarding schools in the light of the results of laboratory analysis. III. Copper, zinc, manganese]. PMID- 6622944 TI - [Effect of the frequency of feeding rats on the utilization of deficient dietary proteins supplemented by synthetic amino acids]. PMID- 6622945 TI - [Harmful elements in various types of Polish kitchen salt]. PMID- 6622946 TI - [Evaluation of the total mercury content of human tissues. III. Mercury content of the human kidney and brain in the general population]. PMID- 6622947 TI - [Biochemical evaluation of lead content of the hair of a mixed population. I. Preliminary studies]. PMID- 6622948 TI - [Determination of pesticide residues in citrus fruits]. PMID- 6622949 TI - [N-nitrosamines in beer]. PMID- 6622950 TI - [Environmental conditions of patients with lung neoplasms and myocardial infarction before the onset of the disease]. PMID- 6622951 TI - [Nuclear medicine therapy of bone metastases]. AB - The osteotropic radionuclides 89Sr and 32P are now mainly used in the treatment of bone metastases. This therapy is palliative and is mainly directed at alleviating pain. The indications, procedure, treatment result and side effects are described as discussed. Bone metastases of iodinophilous thyroid carcinomas represent a special case. These can be treated selectively with 131I. However, complete regression of the tumour by means of radioactive iodine is only rarely achieved in bone metastases. Nevertheless, the complaints and symptoms are definitely alleviated even with relatively small radiation doses, similar to the therapy employing strontium. PMID- 6622952 TI - [Equipment for reproducing highly repetitive short spoken instructions in a roentgen department]. AB - When operating a CT unit or when taking x-ray films of the lungs at a high turnover rate, the radiological assistant is usually compelled to ask the patients several hundred times per day to breathe in and to hold the air. For this purpose, the speech unit for short texts was developed on the basis of a digital storage unit to relieve the staff from routine work and to give the patients clear and comprehensible breathing orders at any desired time. This fully electronic digital speech unit has no wearing parts, in contrast to the conventional electromechanical equipment (e.g. tape recorders) and does not require any servicing. PMID- 6622953 TI - [Gastroduodenal Crohn disease--a case report]. AB - A case of gastroduodenal Crohn's disease is presented by describing the acute phase and findings after one year. Typical signs are the localisation in the region of the antrum-pylorus-bulbus, as well as the paving-stone relief pattern and the pseudo-post-Billroth-I sign. PMID- 6622954 TI - [Visualization of the fine relief of the colon]. AB - The possibility of visualizing the fine relief of the colon was examined by studying human intestinal segments removed post mortem. The visualization depends, among other things, on the extent of expansion of the colon wall. The visualization of the fine relief structure becomes progressively poorer, the greater the extension of the wall. This might indicate that fold formation of the mucosa through a state of contraction of the tunica mucosa is one of the responsible factors for the visualization of the fine relief structures. The article discusses, apart from this factor, the course of the vessels as an anatomical basic pattern determining the manifestation of the fine relief structure; for this purpose, the course of the vessels in the intestine of the dog was visualized by intra-arterial contrast medium injection and then compared with the human fine relief. PMID- 6622955 TI - [Traumatic bending of the bones (Bowing fracture)--a special type of skeletal lesion]. AB - The authors draw attention to the disease pattern of the so-called bowing fracture, basing on examples from their own group of patients. This is a traumatic bending of the bones without any roentgenological identification of a fracture. It is characteristic of this condition that it takes quite some time -- if the case arises at all -- before a discrete apposition of the bones is seen. PMID- 6622956 TI - [Comparative CT study of the anterior cruciate ligament in direct projection and using sagittal reconstruction]. AB - The authors present an indirect method for the visualization of the anterior crucial ligament, using the method of sagittal reconstruction. Positioning in the so-called tailor's seat is often impossible in freshly injured persons. The abdominal positioning described in this article, with external rotation of the leg, is tolerated by almost all patients. Sagittal reconstruction yields adequate information in fresh lesions and if there is an obstruction to bending. However, this method is diagnostically not as infallible as the direct visualization. The authors discuss whether additional reconstructions on different planes and with pixels of different thickness (so-called thick pixel reconstruction) may be able to contribute to improved diagnostic results in future. In addition, the authors compare their own examination results with normal and pathological findings published by other authors. PMID- 6622957 TI - [Relation of implant positioning to loosening of the acetabular component of total hip prostheses]. PMID- 6622958 TI - [Computed tomography in primary subarachnoid hemorrhage]. AB - 88 patients in primary subarachnoidal haemorrhage are evaluated with CT and partly with cerebral angiography. The CT shows the successions of the haemorrhage and ischemia, and partly the existence of aneurysms aneurysms. For preoperative clarification, angiography is necessary. PMID- 6622959 TI - [Evolution-linked, stress-related damage to the spine]. AB - During physiological growth of the juvenile vertebral column, various stages of stability occur which are characterized by the condition of the marginal rim of the vertebral bodies. If the vertebral juvenile column is overstrained, these variations in stability result in a variety of damage to the vertebral bodies and vertebral disks. One of these lesions corresponds to Scheuermann's disease (osteochondrosis of vertebral epiphyses in juveniles). Damage of the vertebral column due to overstrain can occur only if the overstrain is applied in upright position. Since Man alone can damage his vertebral column in upright position (as a result of his evolutionary development), Scheuermann's thesis is confirmed that Scheuermann's disease is confined to Man. Spondylolysis/spondylolisthesis is also a damage caused by overstrain. Here, too, the damage can occur only if the load is exercised in upright position, with the exception of a slanted positioning of the intervertebral components. PMID- 6622960 TI - [Atopic dermatitis]. PMID- 6622961 TI - [Case finding in malignant melanomas]. PMID- 6622962 TI - [Condylomata acuminata]. PMID- 6622963 TI - Myocardial lactate metabolism during pacing induced angina pectoris. AB - Myocardial lactate metabolism was studied in 20 patients with coronary heart disease during and immediately after slight angina pectoris induced by atrial pacing. Myocardial lactate extraction ratio (MLE) decreased from 0.27 +/- 0.03 (SEM) before angina to 0.01 +/- 0.06 during angina, and further to -0.32 +/- 0.11 at 15 sec after pacing. Lactate production was found to occur in eight patients during pacing and 13 patients after pacing. Cardiac venous flow was measured by thermodilution in eight of these patients. 'Net ischaemic lactate efflux' increased by 23 +/- 4 mumol/min 15 sec after pacing, whereas 'lactate uptake in non-ischaemic regions' diminished by 11 +/- 2 mumol/min. Lactate production 15 min after pacing was revealed in all patients with subtotal stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), whereas it was less frequently observed in patients with occluded LAD and collaterals to the post-stenotic area. Increased washout of metabolites from the ischaemic myocardium during the early recovery period is the main reason for the rather high sensitivity of ischaemia detection by this procedure. This permits shorter pacing periods and less pain than in earlier studies. Both MLE and electrocardiographic changes were equally reproducible after 20 and 45 min recovery period. PMID- 6622965 TI - High excretion of beta-aminoisobutyric acid in patients with ketoacidosis. AB - High concentrations of beta-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA) were found to be present in the urine from patients with ketoacidosis. The R-form was always the dominating isomer of BAIBA. The finding is discussed, and it is suggested that the mechanism might be a derangement in the degradation of valine. PMID- 6622964 TI - Decreased peripheral dopaminergic activity in essential hypertension? AB - In 42 men aged 50 +/- 1 years with untreated, sustained essential hypertension and in 34 age-matched normotensive men plasma free dopamine concentrations in venous blood in the standing position were more than 60% higher than supine values indicating dopamine involvement in the orthostatic response. In both the hypertensive and normotensive group supine arterial plasma dopamine concentrations were significantly higher than venous supine (P less than 0.004) indicating release of this catecholamine from central organs such as brain, kidneys or adrenals. In the hypertensive group both venous supine, arterial and venous standing plasma dopamine concentrations and the urinary excretion of this catecholamine were lower than in the normotensive group. Between the groups, statistical significance was achieved for venous standing dopamine concentrations (P less than 0.04) and when venous supine, arterial and standing plasma concentrations were added together for each individual (P less than 0.03). The findings may indicate decreased peripheral dopaminergic activity in patients with essential hypertension. PMID- 6622966 TI - Leucocyte glutathione peroxidase activity and selenium level in Batten's disease. AB - The glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activity was found significantly reduced in whole lymphocytes from patients suffering from Batten's disease. By means of two different procedures for isolation of subcellular fractions of lymphocytes it was possible to demonstrate an increased GSHPx activity of the particulate fractions (20.000 g-av and 105.000 g-av precipitates). However, the GSHPx activity of the supernatants was decreased. The GSHPx activity of the 20.000 g-av supernatant correlated significantly with the serum selenium content both in normal controls and in Batten's disease. A similar correlation was traced with GSHPx activity of erythrocyte haemolysate and serum selenium level in Batten's disease but not in normal controls. The GSHPx activity was also found decreased in the 20.000 g-av and 105.000 g-av supernatants of granulocytes. The abnormal subcellular distribution of GSHPx activities was related to the distribution of enzymes which were used as markers for different subcellular components. The data presented are discussed in relationship to the theory that Batten's disease is due to an increased peroxidation damaging the cellular membranes. PMID- 6622967 TI - Comparison of isocapnic hyperventilation and treadmill exercise in children with exercise-induced asthma. AB - The degree of post-exercise airway obstruction (Exercise-Induced Asthma (EIA] in 14 children was compared to the degree of airway obstruction following isocapnic hyperventilation. EIA was provoked by 6 min of treadmill running. Isocapnic hyperventilation was performed sitting during 6 min. The total ventilation (Vtot) during the two provocations was identical. The temperature of the inspired air was also identical during the two provocations, and the relative humidity was 40% during treadmill-running and 15% during hyperventilation. The decrease in peak expiratory flow after treadmill-running was 29%. After hyperventilation a fall on 19% was seen. These figures are statistically different. It is concluded that although there is a significant difference in airway obstruction after the two provocations the ventilation is greater importance for EIA than is the work load. PMID- 6622968 TI - Intrinsic factor in human amniotic fluid as determined by radioimmunoassay. AB - The intrinsic factor (IF) concentration in 55 human amniotic fluid specimens was determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The antiserum was produced by immunizing rabbits with the cobalamin-IF complex isolated from human gastric juice. The median concentration of IF was 0.17 nmol/l and the extreme values less than 0.07 2.51 nmol/l. Three specimens with a clearly elevated level (0.96, 1.11 and 2.51 nmol/l) were observed. The highest value was associated with a fetal malformation, viz. obstruction of the proximal gut. There was no evident correlation between the concentration of IF in amniotic fluid and gestational age. PMID- 6622969 TI - Transcapillary forces in patients with lower limb ischemia. AB - Starling pressures (interstitial fluid pressure, plasma and interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressures) were measured in subcutaneous tissue at the ankle in 20 healthy controls and 27 patients with lower limb atherosclerosis. Subcutaneous interstitial fluid pressure (Pif) of the leg was also measured in seven patients with arterial emboli of the lower limb. Interstitial fluid was collected by implantation of nylon wicks and Pif was measured by the 'wick-in-needle', technique. The calculated reabsorption pressure (equal to capillary pressure if no net filtration occurs) was 18.3 mmHg in the group with atherosclerosis, which was higher than in controls (15.8 mmHg, P less than 0.05). Colloid osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid (COPif) was significantly lower in patients with atherosclerosis than in controls (5.9 v. 9.2 mmHg). This finding in itself could make those patients more susceptible to edema formation postoperatively. On the other hand, there was no correlation between COPif and ankle systolic blood pressure within the group of patients. There was a slight, but statistically significant positive correlation between ankle systolic blood pressure and Pif in patients with lower limb atherosclerosis although mean Pif was not different from controls (-1.0 v. -0.8 mmHg). In patients with arterial emboli, however, Pif was lower (mean -4.5 mmHg). PMID- 6622970 TI - The chlorpropamide alcohol flush test in diabetes mellitus: methods for objective evaluation. AB - In order to study the objective value of the chlorpropamide alcohol flush (CPAF) the facial skin temperature and plasma acetaldehyde methods were compared to the visible response (flush/no flush) on standardized CPAF and alcohol challenge tests in 137 type 2 diabetics. Three criteria of CPAF are defined. A visible facial flush was noted in 53% of the diabetics. An increase in facial skin temperature of at least 1.0 degrees C was found in 90% of the subjects with a visible facial flush (flushers), but in only 14% of non-flushers. An increase in plasma acetaldehyde of at least 4 mumol/l was found in 86% of the flushers and in only 15% of non-flushers. Using these criteria to study CPAF all flushers satisfied at least two and 78% fulfilled all three criteria, while no non-flusher fulfilled more than one and 74% satisfied no CPAF criteria. However, with the alcohol test 5% could be identified as alcohol flushers having a falsely positive CPAF-test. In conclusion, it was possible to evaluate the CPAF test objectively with the facial skin temperature and plasma acetaldehyde methods. PMID- 6622971 TI - Interstitial fluid pressure in human skin measured by micropuncture and wick-in needle. AB - Interstitial fluid pressure (Pi) has been measured in human skin by micropipettes (tip diam. 2-4 micron) and compared to pressures obtained by wick-in-needle technique. The micropipettes were connected to a servocontrolled counterpressure system (Wiederhielm) and were introduced into the skin distally at the dorsum of the fifth finger after immobilization of the upper extremity. The wick-in-needle was introduced at the dorsum of the hand. With the finger at heart level and at a room temperature of 24 +/- 1 degree C, the mean Pi measured by micropuncture was 3.1 mmHg (range -5 to -0.5 mmHg), while the corresponding mean Pi measured with wick-in-needle was 0.0 mmHg (range -1.7 to +3 mmHg). During venous stasis Pi increased as measured by both methods, but the increase recorded by micropuncture was largest. It is concluded that the wick-in-needle probably overestimates Pi in the normally hydrated human skin of the hand due to inflammation at the implantation site, and that the overestimation diminishes as tissue hydration increases. PMID- 6622972 TI - Biochemical indices of cerebral ischemic injury. PMID- 6622973 TI - Ascorbic acid and test strip reactions for haematuria. AB - The inhibitory effect of ascorbic acid on commercial test strip reactions for haematuria is demonstrated in vitro. A new test strip containing iodate is shown to be insensitive to even high ascorbic acid concentrations in the same in vitro experiments. PMID- 6622974 TI - On the diagnostic value of 'thyroid autoantibodies'. PMID- 6622975 TI - An analysis of peripheral blood burst forming units-erythroid in the polycythaemic states. AB - Peripheral blood burst forming units-erythroid (BFU-E) were measured by the plasma clot cell culture technique in patients with the various subtypes of polycythaemia and compared to normal. 10 patients with active polycythaemia rubra vera (PRV) were found to have a mean BFU-E level of 48 +/- 15.8 (SEM) per 5 X 10(5) cultured cells which was significantly different from normals (4 +/- 1.1, P less than 0.02), patients with controlled PRV (7 +/- 1.6, P less than 0.025), secondary polycythaemia (1 +/- 0.3, P less than 0.015) and relative polycythaemia (0, P less than 0.015). Burst forming units were found to fall to normal levels in patients with PRV with appropriate disease control and then to rise again in patients untreated for more than 18 months. Clinical aspects. Measurement of BFU E levels from the peripheral blood could provide a useful adjunct from an accessible source in the differential diagnosis of polycythaemia as well as being of use in serial monitoring of patients with PRV. PMID- 6622976 TI - Influence of human serum components on measurement of erythropoietin biological activity in vitro. Studies with a rabbit bone marrow bioassay procedure. AB - The influence of human serum components during in vitro determination of erythropoietin biological activity has been examined in a modified in vitro bioassay procedure utilising rabbit bone marrow as the erythropoietin-responsive tissue. The number of erythroblasts present after 5 d in suspension culture provided a measure of erythropoietin biological activity with a degree of sensitivity equivalent to that provided by estimation of 59Fe incorporation into haem, but possessed the advantage of lacking the susceptibility of the latter method to the level of human serum transferrin saturation. Erythropoietic stimulation was blocked by 10% human serum unless all sera incorporated into the bioassay was previously heated at 56 degrees C. Human serum under the latter conditions was shown to contain material which stimulated erythropoiesis, but which differed in its mode of action from erythropoietin in that it operated by amplifying the response to erythropoietin. Correction for these effects substantially altered interpretation of erythropoietic stimulatory activity of human serum to yield values in keeping with those reported for in vivo bioassay. These findings illustrate the need to clarify the role of human serum components which modify the action of erythropoietin under culture conditions, in view of their potential contribution to discrepancies between values obtained by different bioassay procedures. PMID- 6622977 TI - Amrinone-mediated thrombocytopenia. AB - Amrinone, a new cardioactive drug, was administered for, on average, 27.9 d to 12 patients in severe congestive heart failure. Thrombocytopenia occurred in 4 patients, while a progressive decline in platelet numbers developed in 3 additional patients. The mechanism for these adverse effects of amrinone is unclear, but merits further study because of its frequency. PMID- 6622978 TI - Severe iron deficiency causing loss of ring sideroblasts. AB - A patient with primary sideroblastic anaemia was observed for more than 10 years with 50% ring sideroblasts in the bone marrow and a Hb of 84-109 g/l. Iron deficiency then developed with loss of stainable iron in marrow particles (reticuloendothelial iron) and loss of all ring sideroblasts. When iron tablets had brought the iron stores in the bone marrow up to subnormal levels, the Hb was over 110 g/l, somewhat higher than it had been when the iron stores were increased. The ring sideroblasts were again raised to more than 50%. PMID- 6622979 TI - Moving boundary electrophoresis of red cells on differently treated polycythaemic patients. AB - Red cells of polycythaemia vera (PV) patients have a significantly higher rate of electrophoresis than red cells of normal controls and stress polycythaemia patients. The highest increment in the electrophoretic velocity was noted for PV patients treated with phlebotomy or hydroxy urea. The red cells of PV patients treated with 32P and those that progressed to myeloid metaplasia showed a normal rate of electrophoresis. We assume that the increased negative charge found on the red cells of PV patients is typical of the abnormal clone proliferating in this disease. The normal electrophoretic velocity found for the red cells of the 32P treated patients or those that progressed to myeloid metaplasia might indicate that the circulating red cells of these patients are no longer descendants of the abnormal stem cell. PMID- 6622980 TI - Macrophage heterogeneity in thromboplastin response. AB - The procoagulant activities of non-elicited mouse monocytes/macrophages from four anatomical localizations were compared. These cell populations were further examined for their ability to increase their procoagulant activity on exposure to endotoxin or phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Peritoneal macrophages exhibited the highest basal procoagulant activity. Their activity was further enhanced by stimulation with endotoxin and PHA, but marked strain differences were noted. This procoagulant has been identified as tissue thromboplastin. Isolated adherent spleen cells, peripheral blood monocytes or lung alveolar macrophages had a low basal procoagulant activity that did not increase on exposure to PHA or endotoxin. The identity of the weak procoagulant in these cells is uncertain. The presence of lymphocytes in the macrophage cultures (4:1 ratio) enhanced slightly (1.3 to 1.5-fold) the response of peritoneal macrophages to endotoxin or PHA but did not significantly influence the procoagulant activity of the other macrophage subpopulations under the conditions tested. These results demonstrate heterogeneity among different macrophage subpopulations with regard to cellular procoagulant expression. PMID- 6622981 TI - The role of calmodulin in human natural killer cell activity. AB - Calcium is known to play an essential role in the lytic mechanism of natural killer cells (NK), which form a subset of large granular lymphocytes. Many of the intracellular effects of calcium are mediated through the calcium-binding protein calmodulin. In this study we have demonstrated that the specific calmodulin inhibitors (naphthalene-sulphonamides) inhibit NK activity in humans at IC50's of 6.9 microM for W7 and 5.2 microM for W13. Comparison of the potency of these compounds with their less active counterparts suggests that NK activity is calmodulin-dependent. PMID- 6622982 TI - Freely transplanted peroneus longus muscle in the cat reinnervated by a single nerve: physiological properties. AB - Physiological properties (tetanic tension, single twitch, fatigability) of free autologous muscle transplants in cats were examined in vivo five months after transplantation. After 2 weeks denervation the peroneus longus muscle was placed isometrically in the abdomen with the omentum around the muscle and with the proximal end of a cut branch of the femoral nerve attached to the muscle. (In one case a sensory nerve was used.) Five months after transplantation the function of the muscle was controlled in vivo by nerve stimulation. In the case when a sensory nerve was connected to the muscle no contraction was obtained upon indirect or direct stimulation. All the other muscles contracted when the nerve was stimulated. The mean maximum tetanic tension was 16% of the mean for the control. The twitch-time was about the same as in the control muscle but the contraction time was longer and the half relaxation time shorter compared with the control. The transplanted muscles fatigued more slowly than the normal peroneus longus muscles. In spite of the unphysiological placement of the muscles in the abdomen where they have no natural function to fulfil, they became reinnervated and contracted as late as five months after transplantation. PMID- 6622983 TI - Effects of lysine-vasopressin treatment on renal function in burned pigs. AB - The effects of lysine vasopressin (LVP) on renal excretory function and renal blood flow were studied in anesthetized and burned pigs either treated conservatively or by early excision 5 hours after burn. Renal perfusion was measured with radioactive microspheres. Diuresis and the urinary excretion of sodium and potassium were determined. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured either as the endogenous creatinine clearance rate or the clearance rate of 51Cr-EDTA. LVP-treatment in pharmacologic doses after burn caused larger diuresis, and larger sodium and potassium excretion rates than in unburned controls and animals submitted to burn only, Renal blood flow decreased significantly early after burn whether LVP was given or not. After burn, GFR was moderately higher in the LVP-treated pigs than in the animals submitted to burn only. After 24 hours S-creatinine was lower in the pigs treated by LVP and excision of the burned tissues after 5 hours, compared with the conservatively treated animals. This implies that an active surgical approach to full thickness skin burns might support renal function. LVP-induced intrarenal effects causing increased GFR and secondary medullary interstitial electrolyte concentration and osmolar changes could be the mechanisms causing the renal functional changes found in this investigation. PMID- 6622984 TI - Early bone grafting in complete cleft lip and palate cases following maxillofacial orthopedics. I. The method and the skeletal development from seven to thirteen years of age. AB - The methods of preoperative orthopedics: a "T-traction" procedure for unilateral clefts and a combined premaxillary pressure and expansion procedure for bilateral clefts and of early alveolar bone grafting: the Nordin's "four-flap" technique, are described in detail. The subsequent effects of treatment according to those methods were studied with roentgencephalometric analysis in cleft patients from 7 to 13 years of age. They were divided into two unilateral and one bilateral complete cleft group, all having been early bone grafted. The unilateral groups were composed of one group of 39 children operated on during the period 1960-65 without preoperative "T-traction", and another group, of 46 children, operated on in 1965-72 after preoperative "T-traction". The bilateral group included 19 children operated on 1960-72 after preoperative orthopedics. The same degree of inhibited development of the facial skeleton as found in another Swedish early bone grafted cleft group was not present in our patients. The development of the skeletal profile in our bone grafted cases, especially those in the "T-traction" group, was well within the limits of non-grafted U.S. cases, but differed from non-clefts. PMID- 6622985 TI - Early bone grafting in complete cleft lip and palate cases following maxillofacial orthopedics. II. The soft tissue development from seven to thirteen years of age. AB - The subsequent effect of preoperative maxillofacial orthopedics and early bone grafting on the development of the soft tissue profile of the face was studied with roentgencephalometric analysis on cleft patients between 7 and 13 years of age. They were divided into two unilateral and one bilateral complete-cleft group, all having been bone grafted early with the "four-flap" technique. The two unilateral groups were one group of 39 children operated on between 1960 and 1965 without preoperative orthopedics and one group of 46 children operated on between 1965 and 1972 after preoperative orthopedics ("T-traction"). The bilateral group comprised 19 children operated on between 1960 and 1972 after premaxillary retropositioning pressure, combined when necessary, with outward rotation of the lateral maxillary segments. Comparisons of facial growth were made with U.S. non grafted clefts and with nonclefts. The effect of the preoperative orthopedic management facilitated the subsequent surgical procedure by a narrowing of the cleft and replacement of the deviated maxillary and nasal structures. The results were within limits of the non-grafted cases, with the exception of the soft tissue overlying the subnasal region. The reduced prominence of that region was explained by the primary surgical procedure, which made the lip adherent to the alveolar crest. In comparison with nonclefts, all parameters indicated a reduced growth capacity. PMID- 6622986 TI - Cephalometric radiography and computed tomography in infants undergoing major craniofacial surgery--a comparison. AB - Craniofacial growth after surgery in children is not completely understood. We have therefore formed a programme for pre- and postoperative studies with both roentgencephalometric- and computed tomographic investigations. This regimen results in overlapping information. Thus, an assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods was made and exemplified in four patients. In our experience both cephalometry and CT are essential for the diagnosis, surgical planning and follow-up of surgically treated children with craniofacial anomalies. To minimize the radiation doses and the diagnostic procedures which in these cases often includes general anesthesia, patients with isolated, asymmetrical conditions such as plagiocephaly, might be followed with CT only, since roentgencephalometry can not add much information. PMID- 6622987 TI - Formation of neuromuscular junctions in transplanted peroneus longus muscles in the rat. A quantitative comparison with reinnervation of the muscle in situ. AB - The formation of neuromuscular junctions in free heterotopic muscle transplants in the rat has been studied quantitatively and compared with the reinnervation of the muscle in situ. The AChE-containing area and the nerve terminal were stained in the same longitudinal section and the length of end-plate, the average number of nerve terminal branch points within the end-plate and the terminal innervation ratio (TIR) were determined. In denervated muscles we noticed early disappearance of nerves whereas the AChE-stained end-plates were visible after eight weeks. The reinnervation of the muscle in situ and after transplantation showed considerable similarities. Early during reinnervation the number of AChE positive areas increased and many of them were innervated by more than one axon. Terminal axons were also seen innervating more than one end-plate situated on the same or on different muscle fibres. Later the number of end-plates decreased and they were innervated by only one axon. The end-plate length reached normal value in the reinnervated muscle in situ but remained smaller in the transplanted muscle. In all reinnervated muscles ultraterminal sprouting was found as indicated by an increased number of nerve terminal branch points within the end-plate area. The TIR was increased in all reinnervated muscles due to terminal and ultraterminal sprouting of the axon. No significant difference in reinnervation was noted between normal and predenervated transplants. The reinnervation of transplanted muscles obviously has similarities not only with the reinnervation of normal muscles but also with the development of muscular innervation during early postnatal growth. In spite of the plasticity of the peripheral nerve the transplanted muscles underwent considerable atrophy which may have been enhanced by the unphysiological placement of the muscles in the abdomen. However, this experimental model made it possible to study reinnervation of muscle fibres only originating from the graft. PMID- 6622988 TI - The looping procedure. An alternative method of thumb restoration. AB - An alternative method of thumb restoration is described, using a damaged finger of inferior functional value as a composite pedicle. After removing the proximal and distal phalangeal bones as well as the nail region, the finger, now carrying the midphalangeal bone only, is reversed and attached to the remnant of the thumb. The method is most useful after severe mutilations. PMID- 6622989 TI - Congenital lipoma imitating gigantism of a toe. Case report. AB - A 5 year old girl reported with a congenital lipoma imitating gigantism of a toe. This is a very rare localization of a lipoma. PMID- 6622990 TI - Variability and the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia. AB - The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia is usually presented in a static, rather than dynamic fashion. We propose that increased dopaminergic activity may represent a stage of a dynamic schizophrenic process rather than its cause. Dopamine, as well as other neurotransmitters, responds in an adaptive fashion to stimuli that perturb the homeostasis of the brain. One such stimulus could be an epileptic focus in the temporal lobe. Other such stimuli undoubtedly also exist. PMID- 6622991 TI - To tell or not to tell. PMID- 6622992 TI - What is schizophrenia? PMID- 6622993 TI - Disordered thinking in schizophrenia: intermingling and loss of set. AB - In a study of schizophrenic thought pathology, potential loss of set and intermingling were examined. The responses of 36 acute psychiatric patients who showed intermingling were analyzed. Intermingling, frequently seen in the speech and thinking of schizophrenic patients, involves the blending of personal material from one's experiences into one's thinking and communication, leading to bizarre and inappropriate speech. The results indicated that intermingling frequently leads to some loss of goal-directed thinking, but not usually to complete loss of set. Patients adopt new sets based partly on the original topic and partly on their own personal idiosyncratic concerns. The apparent "looseness" of schizophrenic patients is based on thematic shifts to idiosyncratic ideas, often from the beginning of their responses, rather than on word-to-word associative looseness. Intermingling of personal concerns typically occurs in a nonfragmented fashion. Schizophrenics and other psychotic patients show significantly more intermingling of personal material in open and undisguised fashion, as though they do not recognize how inappropriate their intermingling appears. The results suggest that although the intrusion of personal material is task inappropriate, it still represents a form of systematic, goal-oriented thinking. PMID- 6622994 TI - Assessment of negative and positive symptoms in schizophrenia. AB - Reliable, convenient rating scales to assess negative and positive symptoms in schizophrenia are necessary to evaluate further the theoretical and clinical importance of this division of symptoms and signs. The authors describe the application of the Rasch model, a probabilistic, item-independent, and sample independent test construction procedure to the development of scales for both types of symptoms. The scales for negative and positive symptoms, which are based separately on the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Current (SADS-C) and the Nurses' Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation (NOSIE), demonstrated excellent reliability and temporal stability (i.e., yielded a rank order of patients that remained stable over time). The pattern of interscale correlations supports the view that positive symptoms, cognitive-affective negative symptoms, and social withdrawal are independent of one another. PMID- 6622995 TI - Lifetime psychotic symptoms assessed with the DIS. AB - Data on a lay interviewer's use of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) to ascertain lifetime psychotic symptoms in patients where these experiences have been previously documented is reported. The subjects in this study had been identified as patients 11 years previously and had participated in several followup research interviews with research psychiatrists. Frequent failure to recall and/or report psychotic symptoms in these patients suggests this technique will seriously underestimate the lifetime occurrence of psychotic symptoms. PMID- 6622996 TI - First person account: a father's thoughts. PMID- 6622997 TI - [Psychotherapy of depression]. AB - A review of the factors susceptible to explain the inner life of the depressed person and help to elaborate a psychotherapeutic approach. PMID- 6622998 TI - [Psychotherapy of schizophrenia]. AB - Schizophrenic existence is the experience of an awful negativism, which comes from the depth of the Unconscious and appears at the surface of the conscience as the destruction of all positive symbols of life. Interpretations of psychodynamic mechanisms, of transference and countertransference, of dreams and fantasies must be rooted in the dominant therapeutic endeavour of creating with the remaining potentialities of the patient new positive symbols of the schizophrenic existence. The author's experience in the 30 years of his dealing with schizophrenic patients is here summarized. PMID- 6622999 TI - [Pharmaco- and psychotherapy in child psychiatry]. AB - The psychotherapeutic and sociotherapeutic work with the child and his environment is in the field of child and adolescent psychiatry of main importance. During the years of development the psychopharmacological treatment has to include psychotherapeutic work with the parents. Psychotherapy without pharmacotherapy is often indicated, but not the contrary. A treatment with psychotropic drugs seems not to be indicated in cases of light disturbances of a child or adolescent or when they can be influenced by changes in the social environment. Psychopharmacology is a useful supply in the treatment of children with psychic disturbances of medium or high degree. Besides the development of a capacity for identification with the patient the child psychiatrist has to develop a capacity for delimitation, especially than, when there is a tendency of overidentification, which is connected with his choice of the profession. Psychopharmacology will in child psychiatry remain on a empirical level until the clinical entities will be clearer defined, whether in a psychodynamic or in a biologic way. The utility of using psychotropic drugs has always to be compared to the advantages, which may arise in not using these products. PMID- 6623000 TI - [Pharmacology and psychotherapy in general practice]. AB - The G. P. is confronted with any kind of illness, with or without a specific label. Most important is the quality of his relationship with the patient, without neglecting a very good theoretical and practical knowledge. Confronted with functional disorders, evident or marked depression, he will usually not have sufficient training for a real psychotherapy. He must acquire a good knowledge of psychopharmacology without being carried away with publicity stunts. Post graduate training of the Balint type is indicated, to get acquainted with the emotional reactions of his patients, to be able to cope with them and at the same time learn to know himself. PMID- 6623001 TI - [Integrative therapy in general practice]. AB - The definition of the notion "integrated therapy" is given referring to the tasks of general medicine. The differences between the work of the family doctor in comparison with a specialist is given. Case histories illustrate in which way the treatment of psychic or psychosomatic disorders on a somatic base can facilitate the approach to the underlying problems and which advantage given a simultaneous or alternative somatic and psychic treatment. PMID- 6623002 TI - [Pharmaco- and psychotherapy in psychiatric ambulatory care]. AB - Our report describes the evolution of the outpatients' psychiatry in Lausanne. Here is mentioned the constant increase of consultations for new and former cases, and it is statistically shown that this augmentation is not only the result of the increasing population in the "Vaud District" (Canton de Vaud) but rather the consequence of the increasing number of patients with deeper investigations and treatments. It is true that the psychotherapeutic training was the most important in our outpatients' department, but the coming of psychotropic drugs has changed the treatment in certain cases and has developed mixed treatments. The creation of the Psycho-Social Center in the Psychiatric outpatients' department was the beginning of the social action in the institution, with the creation of an emergency department, consultations at the patients' home and treatment made by a team including doctors-outpatients' nurses social assistants. We have checked that for many outpatients, very often in hard or psycho-reactive situations, there was no opposition between pharmaco-therapy or psychotherapy. So pharmaco-therapy and psychotherapy are often used separately or together in the outpatients' department through individual analytic psychotherapies, group or brief psychotherapies, relaxation, emergency treatments with perfusion of psychotropic and neuroleptic drugs. PMID- 6623003 TI - [Results of the first hundred cerebral bypass operations in Basel]. AB - This is a report on clinical findings after 100 extra-intracranial bypass procedures for cerebral ischemia. The patients presented with transient ischemic attacks, prolonged ischemic neurological deficits, completed strokes, low perfusion syndromes and ischemic ocular diseases. The microvascular anastomosis is performed between a branch of the external carotid artery and a cortical branch of the middle cerebral artery. In 10 patients we performed a bilateral bypass. We had no mortality. The morbidity was 5%, the patency rate 96%. The effect of the microvascular procedure can be determined by comparing the postoperative follow-up (averaging 22 months) and the natural course of cerebrovascular disease. Clinical benefit is gained in the elimination of transient ischemic attacks. Patients considered candidates for diagnostic studies are those presenting with completed strokes. Finally in patients with large aneurysms extra-intracranial bypass procedures may prove to be of value, when carried out in a combined approach. PMID- 6623004 TI - Classification of cells in the cerebrospinal fluid. AB - The cells of the cerebrospinal fluid consist of three systems: the lymphatic immune-competent system, the "mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS)" and the reticulo-histiocytic system (RHS). Within the lymphatic cells the lymphocytic line and the plasmocytic line must be considered separately, although the two cell-lines are from their origin functionally inter-connected; they constitute the immune-system. To the "mononuclear phagocyte system" belong the monocytes and the macrophages. The reticulo-histiocytic system includes the cell-forms which are definitely excluded from the "mononuclear phagocyte system". The investigations show that most of the cells in the CSF originate from the blood. PMID- 6623005 TI - [Sex character of human movement answers in the Rorschach test in transsexual and transvestite patients]. AB - As a complement to a former study on the sexual character of the kinaesthetic human movement responses in the Rorschach tests of healthy and neurotic men and women, the same characteristic was investigated in Rorschach records of transsexuals and transvestites from the Psychiatric Out-Patient Department of the University Hospital of Zurich. In none of these groups was the distribution of masculine, feminine and neuter movement responses congruent with that in one of the preceding groups. The anatomically male transsexuals who desired a change of sex to female (TXmw) gave considerably more interpretations of the opposite or goal sex than did the anatomically female (TXwm). The two transsexual groups TXmw and TXwm do not constitute mirror images of each other. Whereas the mean experience type of most groups was not far from ambiequality, the TXmw and the male transvestites (TVmw) were decidedly introverted. All three of the newly studied groups gave more space responses than would be expected in a "normal" Rorschach record, especially the TXwm and the TVmw. The difference in the frequency of space responses between the TXmw and TXwm was statistically significant. PMID- 6623006 TI - [Schizophrenia as dialectic of psychotic forms and psychological contents]. PMID- 6623007 TI - Nerve palsy after knee arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Forty-two consecutive knee arthroplasties on rheumatoid knees (19 Attenborough, 20 Total Condylar, 3 Marmor) were examined pre- and postoperatively for signs of below-the-knee nerve lesions. Sixteen of these knees were also studied neurophysiologically (EMG). Four patients (knees) had peroneal nerve palsy, three early and one late. Three further knees had only EMG signs of nerve lesion. Predisposing factor was correction of flexion contracture of more than 10 degrees and especially when combined with varus change in alignment. Preoperative EMG could not predict nerve lesion. PMID- 6623008 TI - Reiter's syndrome in a 73-year-old man with bronchiectasis. AB - We report the case of what we believe to be the oldest person to develop Reiter's Syndrome. There was no evidence of preceding gastro-intestinal or genito-urinary infection but the patient had post-tuberculous bronchiectasis and the role that this might have played is examined. PMID- 6623009 TI - Circulating immune complexes in rheumatoid arthritis with extra-articular manifestations. AB - Circulating immune complexes (CIC) and complement C4, C3 and CH50 levels in serum were monitored during 6-30 months in 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and extra-articular manifestations (EM). A total of 58 observations were made, 17 at times when new EM emerged, 41 at times when the patients were in a steady state. CIC were demonstrated by two methods, viz. a complement consumption test (CCT) and a polyethyleneglycol (PEG) precipitation assay. The precipitates were analysed for their content of IgG, IgM and IgA. The CCT titre decreased significantly at the time of a new EM, whereas PEG precipitates were found most often at this time. Two types of precipitate could be demonstrated. One consisted of IgG only, which was found most often when the patients were in a steady state. The other one was composed of IgG and other immunoglobulins, most often IgA. The latter type was found most often at the time when the patients developed new EM. Subnormal serum complement levels were demonstrated frequently. The level of C4 was significantly lower at the time of a new EM, compared with the level of patients with RA but without EM. The decrease in anticomplementary effect and the signs of complement activation suggest that the qualitative and quantitative changes in CIC observed at the time of new EM were the cause rather than the consequence of the clinical manifestations. PMID- 6623010 TI - Glycosaminoglycan polysulphate treatment in experimental osteoarthritis in rabbits. AB - The effect of glycosaminoglycan polysulphate as medication for osteoarthritis was studied in an experimental model of osteoarthritis induced by periodic immobilization of rabbit knees. In a pilot experiment with 5 weeks of continuous immobilization there were indistinct differences between treated and control groups. In the main study the right knees of 31 rabbits were immobilized five times for a period of one week at 4-week intervals, followed by 8 weeks without immobilization. The development of osteoarthritis was evaluated by mobility measurements, from radiographs and from the macroscopic appearance of the tibial and femoral joint faces at the end of the experiment. After each removal of the immobilization splint the treatment group showed significantly better mobility of flexion (14 degrees-37 degrees), but at the end of the follow up both groups had normal mobility to flexion. The radiographic stages of osteoarthritis after the fourth week of immobilization and at the end of the experiment were slight moderate in the treatment group, while the controls had moderate and moderate severe stages. After the assessments of macroscopic appearance, the tibial and femoral joint facies showed slight and slight-moderate osteoarthritis in the treatment group, while the controls had moderate osteoarthritis. This study indicates that glycosaminoglycan polysulphate may inhibit the development of osteoarthritis. PMID- 6623011 TI - Lentil lectin-bound glycoproteins of cultured rheumatoid synovial cells. AB - Synovial cell lines were cultured from 5 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, from 4 patients with other synovial inflammation and from 4 non-inflammatory controls. Protein synthesis was studied by [35S]methionine labelling. Glycoproteins containing D-glucose or D-mannose were separated by affinity chromatography with immobilized lentil lectin and analysed by SDS-electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gradient gels (SDS-gradient PAGE). About 12% of labelled protein was bound to the lectin column (range 7.9-20.0%). Proteins of RA cells showed no differences in binding compared with proteins of the reference cells. At least 40 glycoproteins were separated by SDS-gradient PAGE. No new or missing bands were observed in RA cells, but several quantitative changes and microheterogeneity of some polypeptide molecular weights were noted. PMID- 6623012 TI - Clinical synovitis and radiological lesions in rheumatoid arthritis. A prospective study of 25 patients during treatment with remission-inducing drugs. AB - The joints of hands and feet of 25 patients (1150 joints) with rheumatoid arthritis were compared, joint by joint, clinically and radiologically, over 2 years of treatment with remission-inducing drugs. Joints with clinical signs of synovitis decreased from 47% to 17% (p less than 0.001), while the number of joints with radiological lesions increased from 23% to 27% (p less than 0.01). Definite radiological progression of bone lesions was seen in 7% of the joints. Joints with clinical synovitis had a higher risk of progressive bone damage than joints without clinical synovitis (p less than 0.001) and joints in which the clinical signs of synovitis persisted during the study had a higher risk of progressing bone lesions than joints in which the clinical synovitis subsided (p less than 0.001). Progressive bone damage was seen more often in swollen joints than in tender joints without swelling or joints without clinical signs of synovitis (p less than 0.001), the difference in radiological progression between the latter two groups being non-significant. Twenty-one per cent of the joints with progressive bone lesions had no clinical signs of synovitis during the period. PMID- 6623013 TI - Ankylosing spondylitis of juvenile onset: comparison with adult onset disease. AB - Although less frequently, ankylosing spondylitis (AS) may also occur during childhood. The present report describes the clinical features in 24 patients with AS of juvenile onset and its comparison with those found in 71 patients with adult onset AS. A slightly increased prevalence of female patients was found in the juvenile onset group. Peripheral joint involvement as a mono- or oligoarticular arthritis was significantly more frequent in juvenile onset patients, not only as a mode of onset but also during the course of the disease. 5.4 years after onset all these patients had developed axial involvement. Extra articular manifestations occurred with similar frequency in juvenile and adult onset patients. One juvenile patient had associated multiple sclerosis; one juvenile and one adult onset patient developed amyloidosis. Impairment of functional capacity was more severe in the juvenile onset group; hip joint involvement was closely related to a poorer prognosis. PMID- 6623014 TI - Episodic arthritis, skin manifestations and immune complexes following intestinal by-pass operations for morbid obesity. AB - A systematic search for immune complexes (IC) in blood and skin revealed no correlation to IC-related disorders in 35 patients who had undergone jejunoileal bypass for obesity. Tests for cryoprecipitates and endotoxins proved negative. PMID- 6623015 TI - Locomotor system disorders in diabetes mellitus. Increased prevalence of palmar flexortenosynovitis. AB - Diabetes mellitus (DM) may be accompanied by a variety of locomotor system disorders including several hand syndromes. It has been suggested that palmar flexortenosynovitis (FTS) might be included among these hand syndromes, but no conclusive data have been available. Furthermore, recent studies have indicated that FTS may be a clue to previously undiagnosed impaired glucose tolerance. In the present study the prevalence of FTS among diabetics without inflammatory rheumatic disease was 11% compared with less than 1% (p less than 0.001) in a reference group. Thus, FTS could be included among the locomotor system disorders which are associated with DM. PMID- 6623016 TI - The reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. An experimental study of sympathetic reflex control of subcutaneous blood flow in the hand. AB - Adrenergic sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity in subcutaneous tissue on the back of the hand was studied in 13 patients suffering from reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. Subcutaneous blood flow was measured by the local 133Xe wash out technique with simultaneous measurements on the healthy side as a control. The results indicated an increased subcutaneous blood flow in the affected hand compared with the control side. Proximal nervous blockade caused only a slight, 35% increase in subcutaneous blood flow on the affected side, whereas an increase of 122% was registered on the control side. Augmented sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity elicited by the local veno-arteriolar axon reflex mechanism or centrally elicited by head-up tilt caused an equal degree of arteriolar vasoconstriction in both hands. The results suggest that sympathetic vasomotor tone during resting conditions is reduced in the affected hand in patients with the reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. PMID- 6623017 TI - Vitamin B12 binding proteins (transcobalamin and haptocorrin) in serum and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and traumatic synovitis. AB - The vitamin B12 (cobalamin) binding proteins, transcobalamin and haptocorrin, were measured in serum and synovial fluid of 12 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 11 patients with traumatic synovitis (TS). Levels of both the cobalamin-binding proteins of synovial fluid were markedly elevated in RA compared with TS. In serum, the haptocorrin concentrations were significantly increased in RA vis-a-vis TS. In synovial fluid of RA patients, the transcobalamin and haptocorrin concentrations were positively correlated to the concentrations of macrophages and polymorphonuclear granulocytes, respectively. The demonstration of increased synovial fluid transcobalamin/total protein and haptocorrin/total protein ratios in RA vis-a-vis TS provides further evidence of a local production or liberation of the cobalamin-binding proteins in synovial fluid of patients with RA. PMID- 6623018 TI - Persistent and transient IgA deficiency in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Twenty-five children with serum IgA levels of less than 0.1 g/l (below the 2.5% confidence limit at 2 years of age) were found among approximately 350 cases of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). During follow-up, 10 of them proved to have persistent IgA deficiency, 13 were classified as having transient IgA deficiency, and 2 had consistently low serum IgA. Transient IgA deficiency occurred during treatment, in 9 cases with gold and in 2 with antimalarials. The gold-induced IgA deficiency usually developed abruptly soon after institution of gold therapy, and its duration varied from a few months (4 cases) to several years (3 cases). In 6 cases a low IgA level has returned to normal despite continuing gold therapy. In half the patients with persistent IgA deficiency the course has been mild and oligoarticular, and after a mean duration of 8.8 years only one has active disease. In contrast, in the patients with transient IgA deficiency the disease was characterized by early onset (mean age 3.0 years), a polyarticular course (10/13) and prolonged activity (7/13, mean duration 9.6 years). Coeliac disease was diagnosed in 2 patients, both with persistent IgA deficiency. PMID- 6623019 TI - A comparison between clinical and laboratory tests in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Five clinical measurements (clinical score, articular index, visual analogue pain score, visual analogue function score, grip strength) were compared with two laboratory tests (the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum C-reactive protein concentration) in 68 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients treated with nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs showed clinical deterioration when treatment was interrupted, followed by improvement on resumption; there was no change in the laboratory tests. Patients treated with remission-inducing drugs (RIDs) had improved clinical measurements and also reduced erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum C-reactive protein levels. Treatment with RID's led to similar trends in both clinical and laboratory tests, but correlation coefficients between the tests at intervals rarely attained statistical significance. The different response times for each test and probably also errors inherent in clinical measurements introduced sufficient variability to account for the discrepancy. Of the clinical tests, 'clinical score' appeared the most satisfactory. PMID- 6623020 TI - Comparison of three slow-release acetylsalicylic acid preparations in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Nine patients suffering from chronic rheumatoid arthritis were each given single doses of 1 g acetylsalicylic acid, in the form of each of the preparations studied: an enteric-coated tablet, a microcrystalline tablet, and a capsule containing enterosoluble granules. Absorption from each preparation was good in all patients. Onset of absorption varied to some degree, but similar salicylate levels were reached within 5 hours with all preparations. In the case of enteric coated tablets, relatively high salicylate levels persisted 12 hours after dosing, which would seem to permit twice daily dosage, regardless of the total daily dose. PMID- 6623022 TI - [Various forms of giant cell arteritis: diagnostic difficulties and significance of biopsies]. AB - 15 cases of giant cell arteritis newly diagnosed in the period 1979-1982 at the University Medical Outpatient Clinic, Basle, are presented. 10 cases can be classified as polymyalgia rheumatica, including one patient with aortic arch syndrome and involvement of the femoral arteries. 4 patients had cranial involvement. One patient diagnosed at an early stage exhibited non-characteristic general symptoms only. In 3 patients the diagnosis was suspected immediately, while the others underwent extensive investigations to rule out malignant and infectious diseases. Localized or generalized osteoarthrosis was often present. Most of the patients had severe general symptoms. Elevated sedimentation rate (88 +/- 34 mm 1st hr), anemia (11.6 +/- 1.8 g/dl) and elevation of alpha 2-globulin fraction were constant laboratory findings. Histologic examination of the temporal artery was positive in 2 of 7 cases with polymyalgia rheumatica. Out of 4 cases with cranial symptoms 3 had a positive histologic result. The biopsy result can be improved by removal of a more generous sample of artery segment. Therapy, relapses and complications are discussed. PMID- 6623021 TI - Comparison between serum alpha 2-pregnancy-associated globulin and activity of rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis during pregnancy. AB - A possible association between alpha 2-pregnancy-associated globulin (alpha 2 PAG) and activity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) during pregnancy was investigated. In a prospective study, the correlation between disease activity and serum alpha 2-PAG levels during and after pregnancy was evaluated in 11 women with RA. For comparison, 12 women with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and 14 healthy women were also studied. No correlation between improvement of disease activity and serum alpha 2-PAG levels could be detected in pregnant RA or AS patients. In contrast, a positive association between total disease activity score and serum alpha 2-PAG levels was found in pregnant RA and AS patients. PMID- 6623023 TI - [Are swimming and sauna hazardous in the rehabilitation of heart patients?]. AB - The incidence of cardiac arrhythmias and ischemic episodes (I) during swimming and sauna as compared to other types of physical exercise was studied in 18 patients with coronary disease and in 18 controls without heart disease (mean age 46 and 48 years respectively). Maximum achieved heart rates during swimming and sauna were lower by at least 10% than those achieved during bicycle ergometry. Angina and/or ST segment displacement greater than or equal to 1 mm and frequent (greater than 1/min), multiform or repetitive VPB's occurred more frequently in coronary patients than in controls (I: 50 vs 11%, VPB's: 72 vs 28%, both p less than 0.005). VPB's were observed in 13/18 coronary patients, 6 of whom had these VPB's during swimming or sauna. Repetitive VPB's did not occur during swimming, but occurred during sauna in 2 coronary patients in whom they were also present during rest and walking. Ischemic episodes were noted in 9/18 coronary patients in 5 of whom they occurred during swimming. No ischemias were noted during sauna. It is concluded that swimming and sauna may safely be recommended during rehabilitation of coronary patients provided a submaximal exercise test and possibly a 24-h Holter ECG are performed on entry to exclude patients at risk. PMID- 6623024 TI - [Pheochromocytoma and sympathetic paragangliomas]. AB - Between 1971 and 1982, pheochromocytomas and sympathetic paragangliomas from 48 patients were examined at the Institute of Pathology of the University of Zurich. Thirty-four specimens had been resected surgically while 14 were discovered at autopsy, i.e. in 0.072% of the 19610 autopsies performed during that period. There were 42 cases (87.5%) of pheochromocytoma, of which 14.6% were bilateral, and 6 cases (12.5%) of sympathetic paragangliomas. The average age of our patients was 37.8% years, but the first clinical signs of the sympathetic paragangliomas preceded those of the pheochromocytomas by 20 years. Of all chromaffin tumors, 12.5% were obviously malignant and were metastasizing. In the assessment of biologic behavior it is noted that a histologically malignant tumor need not follow a malignant course and that, conversely, a tumor of benign appearance may develop metastases. Hence, long-term clinical follow-up is indicated as well as careful histologic diagnosis. The second part of this study will deal with associated diseases such as Sipple's disease and various neurocutaneous syndromes, which were present in 20.9% of our cases, and also with familial chromaffin tumors without associated diseases. PMID- 6623025 TI - [A patient with 46 XX/46 XY chimerism without hermaphroditism. The problem of prepuberal diagnosis of the Klinefelter's syndrome]. AB - In a 12-year-old obese boy whose parents had asked for determination of sex chromatin the result was positive and Klinefelter's syndrome was diagnosed. Subsequently, the boy developed normally, went through puberty and presented with normal primary and secondary sex characteristics at the age of 22. The diagnosis was revised and on the basis of a karyotype the diagnosis of 46 XX/46 XY chimerism was made. In contrast to our patient, most dispermic chimeras are hermaphrodites. This case exemplifies the fact that Klinefelter's syndrome should not be diagnosed in prepubertal boys on the basis of positive sex chromatin. PMID- 6623026 TI - [Caffeine--an ubiquitous indicator of liver function]. PMID- 6623027 TI - [Effect of acute viral hepatitis B on erythropoiesis in chronic hemodialyzed patients]. AB - The influence of acute hepatitis B on erythropoiesis has been investigated in 30 chronic hemodialyzed patients (mean age 48.3 years; mean duration of dialysis until first demonstration of Hbs-antigen 6.5 months). After onset of hepatitis the mean hematocrit value increased significantly (p less than 0.005) and in 15 of the 30 dialysis patients this increase was more than 10% of the initial value. In these 15 patients the mean value of the hematocrit increased from 21.7 to 27.7%. This maximum value was observed after 4 months on average, and the favourable effect on erythropoiesis was observed for 7.8 months on average. The groups of patients with and without increase in hematocrit (more than 10% of the initial value) after hepatitis differed significantly (p less than 0.01) in extent of the observed increase in transaminases. The importance of extrarenal, hepatic erythropoietin production for the stimulation of erythropoiesis during hepatitis in chronic hemodialyzed patients is discussed. PMID- 6623028 TI - [Pseudo-Conn's syndrome due to intoxication with nonalcoholic pastis]. AB - A case is reported in a patient who presented with hypertension and quadriparesis, both due to ingestion of a new beverage, non-alcoholic pastis (an anise-based aperitif), containing glycyrrhizinic acid. Consumers, especially if they are ex-alcoholics, diabetics or hypertensives, may develop potentially serious effects from hypermineralocorticism. PMID- 6623029 TI - [Mediastinal pancreatic pseudocysts. Report of 2 cases and review of the literature]. AB - Mediastinal pancreatic pseudocysts are rare complications occurring in the course of pancreatitis. Two patients are described with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis who developed mediastinal pancreatic pseudocysts. The most prominent clinical findings were, respectively, recurrent pericardial and pleural effusions and dysphagia. The elevated amylase values in serum and urine and in the pericardial and pleural effusions pointed to pancreatic disease. The mediastinal pancreatic pseudocysts were found preoperatively by ultrasound and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Surgery was performed. In one case the pseudocyst was treated by external drainage and in the other case by marsupialization into the left pleural space. In each case pancreaticojejunostomy was performed in addition. Etiology, symptoms, diagnosis and therapy in 32 published cases are discussed on the basis of experience with these two patients. PMID- 6623030 TI - [The role of complement and specific antibodies in the development and defense mechanism of sepsis and septic shock]. AB - Sepsis, abscess formation or development of purulent exudates in closed cavities expresses insufficient host defense against pyogenic infections. An attempt is made to analyse the reasons for diminished host resistance and/or increased virulence of the invading microbes. While the role of cellular defense mechanisms is not considered, a number of humoral components, such as lysozymes glycolipids, lactoperoxidase, fibronectin, esterases and haptoglobin, participate in efficient defense. Special emphasis is placed on serum complement, both with regard to its unspecific but nevertheless efficient alternative pathway, and with respect to its phylogenetically much more recent classical pathway. Recognition of bacteria by either mechanism of complement activation leads to C3b deposition on the microbial surface for efficient opsonization, while the juxtaposition of at least two molecules of antibodies contained in the immunoglobulin fraction of plasma safely leads to complement activation via the classical pathway. Therefore, specific recognition of bacteria by immunoglobulin-antibodies remains the core of anamnestic antimicrobial defense, the more so since some antibodies may also confer on the bacterial surface the capacity to activate the alternative pathway. The recent description of monoclonal antibody directed at bacteria relevant in sepsis opens perspectives in the near future when such components will eventually be used for therapeutic purposes, along with antibodies also directed towards the pathogenetic bacterial products endo- and exotoxin. PMID- 6623031 TI - [Physiopathology of the state of shock]. AB - Shock is a clinical state characterized by inadequate tissue perfusion due to decreased blood volume, inappropriate vasomotor tone or decreased cardiac output. If not rapidly treated this cardiocirculatory failure tends to worsen, with development of cellular damage leading to irreversibility and patient's death. The various etiologies, neurohumoral mechanisms, cellular implications and organ dysfunction observed in shock are reviewed. PMID- 6623032 TI - [Treatment of cardiogenic shock in acute myocardial infarction and postoperative low cardiac output]. AB - The extent of myocardial and coronary lesions, the failure of the mechanisms regulating coronary blood flow, and the inadequacy of adrenergic stimulation account for the difficulties in managing cardiogenic shock as a complication of acute myocardial infarction. Except in cases of hypovolemia, excessive bradycardia, the only adequate treatment is IABP. However, long-term survival is observed only in patients undergoing surgery for a mechanical complication after control of the cardiogenic shock. Finally, the causes of the post-CPB low output syndrome and the principles of their management are discussed. PMID- 6623033 TI - [Measuring bronchial obstruction in intensive care]. AB - The nature and degree of bronchial obstruction is not easy to assess in the intensive care unit. The classic airway resistance measurement technique cannot be performed without heavy equipment and the patient's cooperation. On the basis of the forced oscillations technique, measurement of acoustical respiratory impedance is an extension, in a higher frequency range, of earlier dynamic compliance measurements, which are known to be sensitive to peripheral airway obstruction but unsuitable for critically ill patients. The main advantage of respiratory impedance measurement is simplicity, since the patient simply breathes freely for a minute in the apparatus. This method contributes an effective means of quantifying evolution and treatment during an asthmatic attack. It can also be used to monitor left heart failure. PMID- 6623034 TI - [Intensive surveillance in poisoning caused by tricyclic antidepressive agents]. AB - Monitoring in an intensive care unit after intoxication with tricyclic antidepressants for 48-72 hours was reevaluated in a retrospective study of 57 patients. As described in the recent literature, severe neurologic (coma grade III and IV, seizure or respiratory insufficiency) or cardiovascular complications (bradycardia, ventricular tachycardia, hypotension, were not found after 24 hours of intensive monitoring. More prolonged monitoring control no longer appears necessary. PMID- 6623035 TI - [Behavior of functional residual capacity in acute respiratory insufficiency]. AB - Variations of functional residual capacity (FRC, estimated by the N2-washout technique) and oxygenation (PaO2/FIO2) were investigated in patients mechanically ventilated for acute respiratory failure (ARF, caused by pneumonia). The various ventilatory modes were compared. The results were as follows: 1. If FRC is reduced due to ARF, the reduction is diminished by PEEP. The quantitative amount of this effect cannot be predicted in the individual patients. 2. If CPPV is switched to IMV or CPAP with an equal PEEP value, FRC was not usually changed when the clinical course was favourable; however, FRC decreased if clinical signs of insufficient spontaneous respiration were present. The proportion of FRC reduction following such a change of respiratory mode was equal to the effect of removal of PEEP from 10 cm H2O to zero. 3. FRC and oxygenation do not undergo a parallel change in every situation. 4. Treatment and further research should focus not only on increasing reduced lung volume but mainly on diverting ventilation to perfused lung regions. PMID- 6623036 TI - [Reduction of pulmonary capillary volume following acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults]. AB - Lung function after adult respiratory distress syndrome was evaluated in 8 survivors whose ages ranged from 20 to 54 years. At the time of the study, 5.5 to 19 months after extubation, all patients were asymptomatic at rest but 6 had mild to moderate exertional dyspnea. Physical examination was normal in 7 patients; lung volumes, flow rates and pulmonary mechanics were minimally altered, mainly in smokers. Chest X-rays showed no major abnormalities. On graded submaximal exercise test, performance was limited by tachycardia and not by ventilation. Resting arterial PO2 was low in 6 patients and increased only in one patient during submaximal exercise. The capillary blood volume was decreased in all patients. The mechanisms of hypoxia during exercise and decreased capillary blood volume, the latter apparently unrelated either to pulmonary microvascular obstruction or to fibrosis, remain unexplained. It is concluded that lung volumes and pulmonary mechanics are restored to normal within 6 months after ARDS, whereas gas exchanges persist after ARDS and are associated with a reduced pulmonary blood volume. PMID- 6623037 TI - [Are beta-sympathomimetic substances in resuscitation useful? Experimental studies]. AB - Orciprenaline and epinephrine have been compared in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the dog. In a third group no substance was given. When orciprenaline was repeated without success, epinephrine was given. After administration of epinephrine left ventricular pressure and central aortic pressure were significantly higher. CPR was also more successful in epinephrine-treated dogs, a fact which can be attributed directly to these higher pressures. However, the attempt at resuscitation with orciprenaline, and, in the event of failure, with epinephrine, yielded significantly poorer results than treatment with epinephrine alone. Epinephrine substantially increased coronary perfusion pressure and coronary blood flow was adequate. When orciprenaline was administered, however, diastolic blood pressure decreased and no coronary blood flow could be measured. Serum CPK activity was increased. Ventricular fibrillation occurred just as often with epinephrine as with orciprenaline. In the epinephrine group defibrillation led directly to adequate circulation, whereas in the orciprenaline group subsequent electromechanical dissociation was observed. It is concluded that beta receptor stimulators have no place in CPR. Epinephrine is the drug of choice in resuscitation after cardiac arrest. PMID- 6623039 TI - [Prognosis in complications of acute myocardial infarction requiring artificial respiration]. AB - From 1978 to 1981, 818 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction were admitted, 112 (13.7%) of whom required artificial ventilation because of complications. Their mean age (62) corresponded to the mean age of all acute myocardial infarction patients (63). 28 (25%) survived the hospitalization and were followed after discharge. 2 were lost to follow-up. After a mean follow-up period of 26 months, 8 patients had died and 18 were still alive, none of them free of symptoms. There was no difference of age, duration of respirator therapy and maximal creatine kinase activity between survivors (group A) and nonsurvivors (group B). In 50% of patients cardiac failure leading to endotracheal intubation was triggered or made worse by arrhythmias. The remaining 50% of patients showed pure pump failure. Again in these two subsets, cardiac failure was significantly less marked in group A than in group B according to the hemodynamic findings. In conclusion, inpatient mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction requiring artificial ventilation was high (75%) and hemodynamic findings were significantly worse in those not surviving. Patients discharged from the hospital also had a reduced life expectancy (less than 50% after 3 years). PMID- 6623038 TI - [Calcium antagonism - a new pharmacologic principle in resuscitation. Comparison of calcium and calcium antagonists]. AB - In cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) of dogs after anoxic cardiac arrest the effect was compared of epinephrine (E) alone (50 micrograms/kg, n = 11) to that of epinephrine plus calcium chloride (20 mg/kg) and of diltiazem (150 micrograms/kg 30 sec after E and 25-50 micrograms/kg/min after restoration of spontaneous circulation). The success of resuscitation was 100% in the epinephrine group and the diltiazem group but only 70% in the calcium group (p less than 0.05). In the phase of restoration of spontaneous circulation, calcium increased the critical hemodynamic parameters leading to O2 consumption whereas diltiazem decreased them (heart rate, LVdp/dt max, afterload). Diltiazem improved the oxygen demand/supply ratio by increasing coronary blood flow significantly and decreasing oxygen demand. The significant increase in CPK activity reflected unfavorable oxygen balance in the calcium group. It is concluded that calcium should not be given in CPR, although calcium antagonism represents a promising new pharmacological principle in this field. PMID- 6623040 TI - [Autonomy and heterogeneity of the follicle in euthyroid and hyperthyroid human nodular goiter: answer to old riddles?]. AB - The mechanisms responsible for the transformation of a morphologically and functionally normal thyroid into a heterogeneous eu- or hyperthyroid nodular goitre are summarized. The 3 basic processes of goitre pathogenesis are: 1. Each goitre develops from a normal thyroid gland by generation of new follicles. 2. New follicles are formed by multiplication of preferentially replicating cell clones of the follicular epithelium. Follicles already begin multiplying in response to a goitrogenic stimulus too weak to enhance metabolic functions other than replication. 3. The epithelial cells of normal follicles are not homogeneous and monoclonal, but belong to different populations with different metabolic equipment. Therefore, the daughter follicles may be metabolically different, e.g. in iodinating capacity. A certain degree of autonomous, i.e. TSH-dependent function is inborn to all follicles. The individual degree of autonomy of iodine turnover is not variable during goitrogenesis but determined by the metabolic individuality of the mother cell at the moment of folliculoneogenesis. These three basic processes explain the typical heterogeneity of nodular goitre. From autonomous highly iodinating cell families, autonomous "hot" daughter follicles arise which may be scattered all over the gland either as single follicles or as clusters of varying size (so-called "disseminated autonomy"). Particularly large clusters of "hot" follicles result in scintigraphically visible hot nodules, often called "toxic adenomas". Hyperthyroidism appears when the total joint autonomous hormone production of normal and "hot" follicles exceeds the requirements of the organism. The large majority of goitre nodules, including the so-called "toxic adenoma", are not true monoclonal benign neoplasias. Rather, they are built up by the same polyclonal heterogeneous follicles as extranodular goitre tissue. They have no choice but to expand in nodular fashion because they replicate within a poorly extensible network of connective tissue. This network of fibrous tissue results from scarring of multiple hemorrhagic necrosis occurring episodically during goitre growth. PMID- 6623041 TI - [Continuous electrocardiography monitoring during esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy]. AB - Continuous ECG recording has been carried out during oesophagogastroduodenoscopy without premedication in 44 unselected patients. 8 of whom had cardiac diseases. Thirty-six had sinus tachycardia. Supraventricular and ventricular ectopic beats occurred in 11 patients, 5 of whom had cardiopathy. Two patients without known cardiac disease or rhythm disturbance developed a transient attack of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. In both cases the fibrillation occurred against the background of a slow basal sinus rhythm which was considered to be the result of vagal stimulation. All arrhythmias were transient and symptom-free, but their occurrence poses problem of the indication for premedication before upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. PMID- 6623042 TI - [Vasectomy for contraception]. AB - In order to obtain more information about possible sequelae of vasectomy, a follow-up examination was conducted in 247 men who had been vasectomized between one and ten years previously. A high degree of satisfaction with this method of family planning was found, and negative reactions were few. The relatively wide indication adopted at the University Hospital in Basel for vasectomy as a method of preventing pregnancy is therefore confirmed. Lack of objective information about possible physical or psychosexual reactions appears to be the most important reason why this method of contraception has not yet received due recognition. PMID- 6623043 TI - [Non-steroid anti-inflammatory agents, diuretics and kidney function: a warning]. AB - On the basis of their own experience and data from the literature, the authors warn against the simultaneous administration of diuretic agents and non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Apart from the drastic reduction in the natriuretic effects of some diuretics, this association may lead to acute non-oliguric renal failure in patients with one of the following predisposing factors: volemic depletion, effective circulating volume (cardiac insufficiency, liver cirrhosis), preexisting nephropathy (lupus erythematosus, chronic renal failure), or borderline renal function (geriatric patients, diabetics). PMID- 6623044 TI - [Abdominal typhoid following vaccination with the attenuated vaccine Vivotif]. PMID- 6623045 TI - [Endocrinology of exocrine pancreas function]. AB - Recent advances in knowledge of the hormonal control of exocrine pancreatic secretion are discussed in the light of two main mechanisms of action: first, the effect of the main regulatory peptides on the exocrine pancreas, and second, the inhibitory mechanisms which may affect pancreatic secretion. A synthesis of the regulatory principles controlling exocrine pancreatic secretion is attempted. PMID- 6623046 TI - [Acute osteomyelitis in childhood. A follow-up of predominantly conservatively treated children]. AB - The disease course in 76 children with acute osteomyelitis treated at the Pediatric Hospital, Aarau between 1970 and 1979 was followed as regards etiology, clinical symptoms, laboratory and radiologic findings, choice of antibiotics, duration of therapy and outcome. 65 children had acute hematogenous osteomyelitis and 11 children an exogenous form. 4 children (6.1%) with acute hematogenous and 4 children (36%) with exogenous osteomyelitis underwent surgery. 75 of the 76 patients were followed up for an average of 5.6 years. 14 patients (18.7%) had sequelae but only 6 patients (8%) had a deficit in function. Neonates were a special risk. 8 of the total of 18 neonates (44.5%) had sequelae, 3 with functional deficit. In older children the risk of sequelae was 9.8%. This study shows that mainly conservative therapy for acute osteomyelitis in childhood gives just as good rates of healing and a similar incidence of sequelae as in surgically treated patients. PMID- 6623047 TI - [Endoscopic papillotomy in preserved gallbladder]. AB - Endoscopic papillotomy was attempted in 60 high risk patients (mean age 76 years) with complications of common bile duct stones and preserved gallbladder. Successful papillotomy and bile duct clearance was achieved in 56 patients (93%). One patient died of bleeding shortly after papillotomy. In 5 patients without signs of complication, cholecystectomy was performed prophylactically. Three patients were lost to follow-up. No cholecystectomy was performed in 47 patients (mean follow-up 24 months). 35 (74%) of these cases were free of biliary symptoms; 5 (11%) complained of nonspecific dyspeptic pain and only 2 (4%) had biliary colic. Complications due to the preserved gallbladder occurred in 5 of 47 patients (11%). Two patients had a short transient bout of jaundice and cholangitis respectively. Three patients developed acute cholecystitis with subsequent empyema. Four out of five complications occurred within one month and in three of them the cystic duct was occluded at papillotomy. In summary, treatment of common bile duct stones by endoscopic papillotomy appears to be justified in high risk patients with preserved gallbladder. Gallbladder related complications are mainly to be expected early in the follow-up or in cases with cystic duct occlusion at papillotomy. Because of the risk of empyema, early cholecystectomy is indicated in cases of acute cholecystitis. PMID- 6623048 TI - [Hyperphosphatemia and tetany following phosphate enema]. AB - Two patients with renal failure presented postoperatively with marked hyperphosphatemia and symptomatic hypocalcemia. This phosphate intoxication was due to a commonly used phosphate-containing enema. An increase in phosphatemia was also seen in two other patients prospectively followed after receiving the same product. The phosphate increase depends upon the retention duration of the enema. The use of phosphate-containing enemas in patients with renal failure is not entirely risk-free. PMID- 6623049 TI - [Aerosol therapy]. AB - Principles of aerosol therapy are reviewed. Physical aspects and generation and deposition of aerosols in the tracheobronchial tree are discussed. Since pressurized aerosols are often used incorrectly, the author concentrates on their rationale and efficient administration. PMID- 6623050 TI - [Use of a prostaglandin analog (Estrumate ICI) for the control of parturition in swine]. PMID- 6623051 TI - [Epidemiology of salmonella infections in broiler chickens]. PMID- 6623052 TI - Trauma. Accidental and intentional injuries account for more years of life lost in the U.S. than cancer and heart disease. Among the prescribed remedies are improved preventive efforts, speedier surgery and further research. PMID- 6623053 TI - Determination of linking number of pBR322 DNA. AB - Do the two chains of the DNA molecule coil round one another plectonemically? If so, the linking number of relaxed circular DNA containing N base pairs, expected from the classical double helix, should be roughly equal to N/10. pBR322 DNA is a covalently closed circular DNA duplex containing 4362 base pairs. When it is in supercoiled state, its linking number calculated from B-DNA should be of the order of 4 X 10(2). We have determined the linking number or relaxed pBR322 DNA I' with electron microcopy. With the help of gel electrophoresis. It is proved that when DNA I' has the writhing number Wr equal 2 + 2, its linking number L equal 1, 2, 3, 4. A further deduction is that the linking number of native pBR322, Lk less than 4362/10. The difference between our experimental results and the estimates from the classical double helix structure is tremendous. The phenomena cannot be explained if there is only one form of DNA structure. Probably the tertiary structure of DNA is intrinsically determined by its primary structure, influenced by various factors such as temperature, pH, solvent, positive ions and the concentration of salt. In fact, right-handed, left-handed and presumably certain intermediate conformations may coexist in the same DNA duplex. In native DNA, the left-handed form is probably not a rare structure and Z-DNA may be only one example of the left-handed family. If the two strands really exist as we described above, it would be convenient for the elucidation of the mechanism of DNA replication and RNA transcription. PMID- 6623054 TI - Subcellular site of antispermatogenic effect of gossypol and its possible molecular mechanism of action. AB - This paper reports the results of gossypol effects on the testicular mitochondrial ultrastructures and functions. A hypothesis of mechanism of gossypol action based on our experimental data was postulated. Electron microscopic observations confirmed further our previous studies that the mitochondria of the target germ cells were the most sensitive and the most severely damaged among cellular organelles in response to gossypol. The damages included the swelling, vacuolation, crista depletion, lysis, granular accumulation in matrix and the process of intact mitochondria disintegration. The activity of the mitochondrial marker enzyme, the LDH-X of human spermatozoa, was markedly decreased or suppressed completely after gossypol treatment. The functions of isolated testicular mitochondria determined by Warburg manometric and oxygen electrode polarographic methods indicated that gossypol stimulated respiration but inhibited slightly the oxidative phosphorylation at low concentrations (20-40 microM) in vitro. With the increase in concentration of gossypol, the mitochondrial respiration and phosphorylation decreased obviously, they were completely inhibited at a concentration of 80 microM for oxidative phosphorylation and at about 300 microM for respiration. The degree of uncoupling of phosphorylation appears to be dose-dependent. Similar results were obtained for the testicular mitochondria isolated from rats that had been administered per os gossypol previously (6 mg, 10 mg and 15 mg/day X 21 respectively), in which the P/0 ratio decreased significantly (P less than 0.001) as compared with that of the control group. The distribution of 14C-gossypol in mitochondrial was found to be 2-3 times higher than that in other subcellular fractions. Similar pattern of distribution was shown in double labeling experiments with 14C-gossypol and 3H ouabain. PMID- 6623055 TI - Application of high pressure liquid chromatography and microsequencing methodology in the structural analysis of human hemoglobin variants. AB - This paper reports the results of the analyses of 17 different Hb variants which were observed in 37 families. High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to separate tryptic and thermolytic peptides of globin chains. The double microsequencing technique can successfully be used for sequencing small or larger peptides. PMID- 6623056 TI - Type II collagen-induced autoimmune endolymphatic hydrops in guinea pig. AB - Endolymphatic hydrops was induced in guinea pigs by immunizing them with native bovine type II collagen. Histopathologic changes consisted of moderate extension of the Reissner's membrane, spiral ganglion degeneration, atrophied organ of Corti, and mild atrophy of the surface epithelium in the endolymphatic duct. These findings suggest that an immune response directed against type II collagen- a type of collagen found in the membranous labyrinth, subepithelial layer of the endolymphatic duct, spiral ligament, and enchondral layer of the otic capsule- may induce endolymphatic hydrops. PMID- 6623057 TI - Rapid degradation of "new" acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junctions. AB - Acetylcholine receptors at innervated neuromuscular junctions are very stable, with half-lives reported to be 6 to 13 days. Their turnover is described as a first-order process, implying a single population of receptors. In this study, two subpopulations of acetylcholine receptors at normally innervated junctions have been identified. One has a rapid turnover rate with a half-life of 18.7 hours, similar to that of extrajunctional receptors, and the other has a slow turnover rate with a half-life of 12.4 days. The rapidly turned over subpopulation represents approximately 20 percent of the total junctional receptors. This finding may account for the discrepancies in previous reports of turnover rates and may explain the rapid reversibility in vivo of agents that "irreversibly" block acetylcholine receptors. This finding also implies that the synthesis rate of junctional acetylcholine receptors may be higher than previous estimates. The rapidly turned-over subpopulation may represent receptors that were newly inserted into the neuromuscular junction and that were not yet stabilized by an influence of the motor nerve. PMID- 6623058 TI - Intracellular recordings from cochlear inner hair cells: effects of stimulation of the crossed olivocochlear efferents. AB - Intracellular recordings were obtained from inner hair cells located in the lower basal turn of the guinea pig cochlea. At low sound pressure levels the inner hair cells were highly frequency selective, producing receptor potentials only in response to sound frequencies between about 16 and 24 kilohertz. Electrical stimulation of efferent nerves in the crossed olivocochlear bundle markedly reduced these receptor potentials while causing little change in the resting membrane potential. At high sound levels, where cells responded to an increasingly wider range of sound frequencies, stimulation was less effective in reducing receptor potentials. Since the crossed olivocochlear bundle primarily innervates outer hair cells, these results support an outer hair cell contribution to the most sensitive response region of inner hair cells. PMID- 6623059 TI - Eye movements of preschool children. PMID- 6623060 TI - Myeloma and atomic veterans. PMID- 6623061 TI - Longevity of women. PMID- 6623062 TI - Workers at risk. PMID- 6623063 TI - External human fertilization: an evaluation of policy. AB - In vitro fertilization, in its first 5 years of use, has met minimum standards for efficacy and safety, as judged by published clinical reports. It is becoming more widely available as an approach for overcoming sterility in married couples and appears also to be gaining social acceptance in that context. Several technical options presented by the procedure, particularly storage of frozen embryos and embryo transfers involving third-party contributions, are less fully evaluated clinically and raise social, ethical, and legal questions that go beyond the original medical model for therapeutic intervention. The clinical success of in vitro fertilization and the options it affords call for careful policy consideration. Estimates of costs and of potential demand for and supply of services are provided and the current status of relevant policy in the United States and abroad is discussed. PMID- 6623064 TI - Anticarcinoma activity in vivo of rhodamine 123, a mitochondrial-specific dye. AB - Carcinoma cells and normal epithelial cells differ in the mitochondrial retention of a permeant cationic compound, rhodamine 123. The possibility of utilizing this difference in carcinoma chemotherapy was investigated. Rhodamine 123 exhibited anticarcinoma activity in mice, and this activity was potentiated by 2 deoxyglucose. PMID- 6623065 TI - Potentiation of glucocorticoid activity by 5 beta-dihydrocortisol: its role in glaucoma. AB - 5 beta-Dihydrocortisol potentiated the threshold level (the smallest dose producing a measurable effect) of topically applied cortisol (0.02 percent) and dexamethasone (0.003 percent) in causing nuclear translocation of the cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor in rabbit iris-ciliary body tissue. 5 beta Dihydrocortisol accumulates in cells cultured from trabecular meshwork specimens from patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, but not in similar cells derived from nonglaucomatous patients. In view of the sensitivity of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma to the effects of glucocorticoids in raising intraocular pressure, this potentiation may be responsible for the steroid sensitivity and for the ocular hypertension seen in this disorder. PMID- 6623066 TI - Normal cells of patients with high cancer risk syndromes lack transforming activity in the NIH/3T3 transfection assay. AB - Oncogenes capable of transforming NIH/3T3 cells are often present in human tumors and tumor cell lines. Such oncogenes were not detected in normal fibroblast lines derived from patients with several clinical syndromes associated with greatly increased cancer risk. Thus, germ-line transmission of these oncogenes does not appear to be the predisposing factor responsible for these high cancer risk syndromes. PMID- 6623067 TI - Infants' discrimination of the duration of a rapid spectrum change in nonspeech signals. AB - Two-month-old infants discriminated complex sinusoidal patterns that varied in the duration of their initial frequency transitions. Discrimination of these nonspeech sinusoidal patterns was a function of both the duration of the transitions and the total duration of the stimulus pattern. This contextual effect was observed even though the information specifying stimulus duration occurred after the transitional information. These findings parallel those observed with infants for perception of synthetic speech stimuli. Specialized speech processing capacities are thus not required to account for infants' sensitivity to contextual effects in acoustic signals, whether speech or nonspeech. PMID- 6623068 TI - Fast extracellular calcium transients: involvement in epileptic processes. AB - Improved liquid ion-exchanger microelectrodes made possible the observation of large, rapid decreases in the concentration of extracellular calcium ions during single epileptic spikes. Moreover, in definite cortical layers the decreases regularly started shortly before the onset of each epileptic spike. In view of the prominent role played by extracellular calcium ions in neuronal processes, including transmitter release and membrane excitability, these alterations probably exert a profound influence on the cellular events underlying epileptiform activity. PMID- 6623069 TI - Detection of intermodal numerical correspondences by human infants. AB - Infants prefer to look at an array of objects that corresponds in number to a sequence of sounds. In doing so, infants disregard the modality (visual or auditory) and type (object or event) of items presented. This finding indicates that infants possess a mechanism that enables them to obtain information about number. PMID- 6623070 TI - A microtubule meshwork associated with gametic pronucleus transfer across a cell cell junction. AB - In conjugating Tetrahymena, a cellular assembly composed of a microtubule meshwork appears to be required for the transfer of gametic pronuclei across the junction that separates the conjugating cells. This assembly is suggestive of a gametogenic cell division in ancient predecessors of ciliates, with Tetrahymena retaining only the associated nuclear division and export. PMID- 6623071 TI - The use of hypnosis to enhance recall. AB - The forensic use of hypnosis is increasing. A hypermnesic procedure was used in an experiment that calls this practice into question. Subjects tried for a week to recall 60 previously presented pictures. They were then either hypnotized or not and encouraged to recall even more pictures. Most of the newly recalled material was incorrect, especially for highly hypnotizable subjects in the hypnosis condition. Such errors in recall can have profound implications for forensic investigations. PMID- 6623072 TI - Failure to integrate information from successive fixations. PMID- 6623073 TI - Stimulation of catecholamine secretion by choline. PMID- 6623074 TI - Organ transplantation. AB - In the report "Pregnancy interception with a combination of prostaglandins: Studies in monkeys: by J. W. Wilks (30 Sept., p. 1407), figures 2 and 3 on page 1408 were interchanged. PMID- 6623075 TI - A survey of separative techniques. AB - Separative science has recently undergone numerous advances. This article discusses many developments and trends in liquid, ion, gas, and countercurrent chromatography, field-flow fractionation, and electrophoresis. PMID- 6623076 TI - Capillary zone electrophoresis. PMID- 6623077 TI - Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. AB - The theory and instrumentation for Fourier transform infrared spectrometry are discussed. These instruments measure infrared spectra of the same quality as spectra measured on grating spectrometers in about one thousandth of the time. Their sensitivity advantage for spectra measured in equal times is between a factor of 10 and 100. Commercial spectrometers are now available from nine vendors in North America. Important areas of chemistry include atmospheric monitoring, surface chemistry, and on-line identification of chromatographically separated materials. Many new biochemical and biomedical applications are also becoming apparent, including investigations of phase transitions in lipids and studies of the biocompatibility of implant polymers. PMID- 6623078 TI - "The" magic in magic bullets. PMID- 6623079 TI - Fluoride directly stimulates proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity of bone-forming cells. AB - Fluoride is one of the most potent but least well understood stimulators of bone formation in vivo. Bone formation was shown to arise from direct effects on bone cells. Treatment with sodium fluoride increased proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity of bone cells in vitro and increased bone formation in embryonic calvaria at concentrations that stimulate bone formation in vivo. PMID- 6623080 TI - Sex differences in serotonin 1 receptor binding in rat brain. AB - Male and female rats exhibit sex differences in binding by serotonin 1 receptors in discrete areas of the brain, some of which have been implicated in the control of ovulation and of gonadotropin release. The sex-specific changes in binding, which occur in response to the same hormonal (estrogenic) stimulus, are due to changes in the number of binding sites. Castration alone also affects the number of binding sites in certain areas. The results lead to the conclusion that peripheral hormones modulate binding by serotonin 1 receptors. The status of the serotonin receptor system may affect the reproductive capacity of an organism and may be related to sex-linked emotional disturbances in humans. PMID- 6623081 TI - Benzoquinolinediones: activity as insect teratogens. AB - Morphological abnormalities including extra compound eyes, extra heads, and distally duplicated legs were generated in cricket embryos by treating eggs with single doses of either benz[g]isoquinoline-5,10-dione or benzo[h]quinoline-5,6 dione. Slight structural modifications of the molecules resulted in a loss of teratogenic activity, although embryotoxicity occurred. These potent insect teratogens can be used for analysis of developmental events during embryogenesis. PMID- 6623082 TI - Monoclonal antibodies in the lymphatics: selective delivery to lymph node metastases of a solid tumor. AB - After subcutaneous injection, monoclonal antibodies directed against a tumor can enter local lymphatic vessels, pass to the draining lymph nodes, and bind to metastases there. Lymphatic delivery of antibody to early metastases is more efficient than intravenous administration, and the lymphatic route can be used to image smaller metastatic deposits. Perhaps more important, the lymphatic route minimizes binding of antibodies to circulating tumor antigens and to cross reactive antigens present on normal tissues. Antibodies inappropriate for intravenous use because of binding to normal tissues may therefore be useful against lymph node metastases when injected subcutaneously or directly into lymphatic vessels. PMID- 6623083 TI - Biogenesis of ornithine transcarbamylase in spfash mutant mice: two cytoplasmic precursors, one mitochondrial enzyme. AB - Extracts of liver from hemizygous affected mice with the X-linked spfash mutation have 5 to 10 percent of normal ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) activity, yet the homogeneous enzyme isolated from these extracts is identical to that in controls. The OTC messenger RNA from mutant livers programs the synthesis of two distinct OTC precursor polypeptides--one normal in size, the other distinctly elongated. Both precursors are imported and proteolytically processed by mitochondria, but only the normal one is assembled into active trimer. This novel phenotype may result from a mutation in the structural gene for OTC leading, primarily, to aberrant splicing of OTC messenger RNA and, secondarily, to formation of a structurally altered precursor whose posttranslational pathway is ultimately futile because its mature mitochondrial form is not capable of assembly and functional expression. PMID- 6623085 TI - Congress passes generous NIH budget. An increase above 10 percent spares NIH unpalatable cuts in grants, programs, and payment of indirect costs. PMID- 6623084 TI - Noninvasive observations of fluorinated anesthetics in rabbit brain by fluorine 19 nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - Fluorinated anesthetics were observed noninvasively in the brain of intact rabbits with fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. High-resolution fluorine-19 spectra of halothane, methoxyflurane, and isoflurane were obtained with a surface coil centered over the calvarium. Elimination of halothane from the brain was also monitored by this technique. Residual fluorine-19 signals from halothane (or a metabolite) could be detected as long as 98 hours after termination of anesthesia. These observations demonstrate the feasibility of using this technique to study the fate of fluorinated anesthetics in live mammals. PMID- 6623086 TI - Congress reprieves a lab. PMID- 6623087 TI - Deadlock over explosive dust. PMID- 6623088 TI - Z-DNA moves toward "real biology". PMID- 6623089 TI - A micromechanical contribution to cochlear tuning and tonotopic organization. AB - The response properties of hair cells and nerve fibers in the alligator lizard cochlea are frequency selective and tonotopically organized with longitudinal position in the organ. The lengths of the hair-cell hair bundles also vary monotonically with longitudinal position. In this study, quantitative measurements were made of the motion of individual hair bundles in an excised preparation of the cochlea stimulated at auditory frequencies. The angular displacement of hair bundles is frequency selective and tonotopically organized, demonstrating the existence of a micromechanical tuning mechanism. PMID- 6623090 TI - Alternating current delivered into the scala media alters sound pressure at the eardrum. AB - Alternating current delivered into the scala media of the gerbil cochlea modulates the amplitude of a test tone measured near the eardrum. Variations in the electromechanical effect with acoustic stimulus parameters and observed physiological vulnerability suggest that cochlear hair cells are the biophysical origin of the process. Cochlear hair cells have traditionally been thought of as passive receptor cells, but they may play an active role in cochlear micromechanics. PMID- 6623091 TI - The development of human fetal hearing. AB - Blink-startle responses to vibroacoustic stimulation were monitored ultrasonically in human fetuses of known gestational age. Responses were first elicited between 24 and 25 weeks of gestational age and were present consistently after 28 weeks. Defining the developmental sequence for audition provides a foundation for diagnosing deafness and recognizing aberrant responses antenatally. PMID- 6623092 TI - Extensive dendritic sprouting induced by close axotomy of central neurons in the lamprey. AB - Massive dendritic sprouting was induced in identified giant reticulospinal neurons of the lamprey by axotomy close to the soma. An axonal lesion slightly farther from the cell body induced new growth from both dendrites and axon. The amount of new growth per cell was the same whether it originated from the dendrites alone or from axonal and dendritic compartments. The location of the axonal lesion therefore determines where, in the neuron, membrane is inserted to produce the new neurites. The dendritic tree of a differentiated vertebrate central neuron was shown to have sufficient plasticity to extend new growth for several millimeters beyond the normal dendritic domain. PMID- 6623093 TI - Paedomorphosis and neoteny in the pygmy chimpanzee. AB - The strongly paedomorphic skull form in the pygmy chimpanzee results from the heterochronic process of neoteny. This cranial paedomorphosis and neoteny in Pan paniscus may be related to reduced sexual dimorphism in morphology and behavior. The interspecific differences in form result from shifts in the rate and timing of similar patterns of development. PMID- 6623094 TI - Hypnotically created memory among highly hypnotizable subjects. AB - A pseudomemory of having been awakened by some loud noises during a night of the previous week was suggested to 27 highly hypnotizable subjects during hypnosis. Posthypnotically, 13 of them stated that the suggested event had actually occurred. This finding has implications for the investigative use of hypnosis in a legal context. PMID- 6623095 TI - Electrical brain stimulation and the localization of cardiopulmonary function. PMID- 6623096 TI - Neutrophil activation as a mechanism of tissue injury. AB - C5A is capable of causing granulocyte/granulocyte interactions that lead to clumping, vasoocclusion, and the extension of infarctive damage in patients with coronary artery disease. Employing a new rheologic procedure, laser transillumination of thin vascular beds, one directly observes in vivo granulocyte aggregation in the mesentery of the rat. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were shown to stop granulocyte agglomeration and to limit the extension of experimental myocardial infarcts in the cat. There may be application for NSAIDs for myocardial infarction in humans. NSAIDs block granulocyte aggregation to both a traditional activated complement and a complement activated by cryoglobulins. Patients with severe cryoglobulinemic cutaneous vasculitis who failed on steroids responded to NSAID administration. PMID- 6623097 TI - Noninvasive bone mineral measurements. AB - Single and dual photon absorptiometry are now available to aid the physician in diagnosis and management of generalized bone diseases. Both methods are reviewed in detail. They allow an accurate and reproducible assessment of bone mineral at predominantly cortical (appendicular skeleton) and trabecular (axial skeleton) bone sites. Newer findings show that cortical and trabecular bone behave differently and that the effect of endocrine dysfunction on bone appears to be both disease and site specific. These qualitative and quantitative differences in cortical and trabecular bone loss require that an optimal sampling site has to be found for a given bone problem if maximum benefit is to be derived from these tests. PMID- 6623098 TI - Cardiac imaging--diminished resting left ventricular ejection fraction. PMID- 6623099 TI - Cardiac imaging--decrease in the left ventricular ejection fraction after exercise. PMID- 6623100 TI - Spleen imaging--enlargement of the spleen. PMID- 6623101 TI - Neck imaging--hypovascularity in the neck on radionuclide angiography. PMID- 6623102 TI - Current status of resection for hepatic neoplasms. PMID- 6623103 TI - Death and nurturance in Indian systems of healing. AB - Medically, as in many other ways, India is a pluralistic society. There are numerous different modes of healing in India, which are, as a group, not subject to any form of standardization or centralized control. While such a situation has demonstrable advantages, it may also be legitimate to ask, is medicine in India as fundamentally unordered as it seems? The present paper examines four different healing traditions practiced in Tamil Nadu in southern India. These traditions appear on the surface to be quite diverse, and not to be united into a single, internally consistent medical system. Yet a study of the mythical and philosophical bases of these traditions shows them to share some common premises, and to communicate to the patient or student who attends to all of them a common message concerning the nature of life. PMID- 6623104 TI - Psychiatric pluralism in Bengal, India. AB - By examining the pluralistic nature of the psychiatric domain in Bengal, India, the paper critically analyzes the concept of medical pluralism. Three varieties of pluralism are identified: the social institutional pluralism of the diverse specialists, the cultural cognitive pluralism of the clients' conceptual frameworks, and the pluralism resulting from the divergent perspectives of clients and specialists. The paper argues that all three forms of pluralism can be better understood if pluralism is conceptualized in terms of actors' structuring activities and thus as an emergent product of social interaction. PMID- 6623106 TI - The invisible worker: the role of the peon in Nepal's health service. PMID- 6623105 TI - Paying for what ails you: sociocultural issues influencing the ways and means of therapy payment in South India. AB - The dynamics of payment for therapy to traditional healers and cosmopolitan practitioners in rural South India is focused upon as a means of better understanding health care seeking behavior, patient-practitioner relationships and interactions, treatment decisions and referral. Payment to traditional practitioners involves the ideal of moral bonding while payment to cosmopolitan practitioners remains largely non-moral. Charging for therapeutic consultations through medicine costs and the layperson's means of estimating the cost of therapeutic services and regimes are investigated as factors influencing practitioner shopping, the practice of medicine, and the dynamics of prescription writing. The meaning and process of payment are identified as issues influencing both micro and macro, moral and pragmatic aspects of health care and health economy. PMID- 6623107 TI - Hierarchy and food in Nepalese healing rituals. AB - An analysis of food transactions in a Nepalese village provides an interpretation of the cultural place of illness within high caste Hindu traditions. In several realms of village social life, rules of food transfer simultaneously mark hierarchical relationships between people and symbolize an interdependency among them. In these contexts, food transactions stress the importance of preserving hierarchy, reinforcing interdependence, and thereby maintaining a social framework within which exchanges of goods and services can harmoniously take place. But in the realm of illness, food use and references to food suggest conflicts or breakdowns in these kinds of interdependent relationships and ordered exchanges. I suggest that there is a fundamental conflict in village society since the local concern with human interdependency is set in a milieu of a sharply perceived scarcity of valued resources. This conception that human beings are interdependent for access to scarce goods introduces an element of danger into the system of exchange and opens a potential for disharmony in social relations. A cultural recognition of this danger is again reflected in the use of food, specifically in illness ideology and curing rituals. In this examination, illness emerges as the culturally apprehended outcome of some inevitable conflicts in the village social order. PMID- 6623108 TI - Laughter and suffering: Sinhalese interpretations of the use of ritual humor. PMID- 6623109 TI - Sex-stereotyping and sex-congruency: components in the sex role definition of medical specialties in India. AB - This paper draws a distinction between sex-stereotyping and sex-congruency by analyzing medical students' specialty preferences and choices and faculty views on the sex-suitability of various specialties at a medical college in India. Sex stereotyping is seen as being rooted in and stemming from the nature of a society, particularly its normative structure. Thus the female stereotyping of obstetrics and gynecology in India is rooted in the widely accepted norm of sex segregation. Sex-congruency refers to the perceived compatibility between sex role expectations and the demands of a specialty. In addition, there was a growing realization among S.M.S. female medical students and among most of the faculty at the college that specialties such as ophthalmology, pathology and anesthesiology involving delicate surgery, less competition, infrequent emergencies and regular hours are better suited for females than are the more demanding specialties. The rationalization of sex-congruency seems to be much more logically consistent than stereotyping. Yet it is the latter that constitutes the most widely shared, and highly consensual rationalization within a given cultural context. These two forms of rationalization may overlap, but they basically differ from each other in many ways: stereotyping has a much longer past, is passed on from generation to generation, is culturally specific, highly crystallized, rigid, and resistant to change. Congruency, by contrast, is based on cross-culturally accepted standards, yet is less structured, more flexible and subject to local variations and finally to individual interpretation. PMID- 6623110 TI - Multi-disciplinary perspectives on post-partum depression: an anthropological critique. AB - One negative outcome of the post-partum period is the occurrence of post-partum depression. While the incidence levels are high in the U.S. for the 'Blues' and the 'moderate level depression disorder', the nature of this phenomenon--as a disease and as an illness--remains unclear. It is suggested that an anthropological perspective incorporating symbolic behavior and biological processes may more effectively address the problem than isolated biological and psycho-social research. Theories of etiology based strictly in biological mechanisms have resulted in a treatment bias towards pharmacological intervention; this paper suggests that more attention should be given to the impact of the cultural patterning of the post-partum period, e.g. the structure, organization of the family group and role expectations. A review of the anthropological literature on childbirth provides little evidence for post-partum depression. Our own observations and an examination of the cross-cultural literature have identified common elements in the social structuring of the post partum period. They include: (1) cultural patterning of a distinct post-partum period; (2) protective measures designed to reflect the vulnerability of the new mother; (3) social seclusion; (4) mandated rest; (5) assistance in tasks from relatives and/or midwife; (6) social recognition of new social status through rituals, gifts or other means. A hypothesis is proposed that a relationship exists between post-partum social organization/mobilization and post-partum depression. The experience of 'depression' in the U.S. may represent a culture bound syndrome resulting from the lack of social structuring of the post-partum events, social recognition of the role transition for the new mother and instrumental support and aid for the new mother. PMID- 6623111 TI - Community hospital characteristics associated with RN and LPN vacancy rates. AB - Vacancy rates for RNs and for LPNs reported in a universe survey of U.S. community hospitals were examined for relationships to a number of characteristics of the institutional makeup, environment and setting, staff organization and composition of these hospitals. RN vacancy rates were found to have a statistically significant positive relationship to the number of beds in the hospitals, the number of hospital beds in the states in which the hospitals were located, and government control. Significant negative relationships were found with the number of RN graduates from nursing programs in the state, occupancy rate, and the ratio of RNs to total inpatient days. LPN vacancy rates showed a significant positive relationship to government control, southern locations, restriction of admissions to children and the ratio of RNs to LPNs. LPN vacancy rates showed a significant negative relationship to the number of hospital beds, occupancy rate, the ratio of LPNs to total inpatient days and the ratio of other nursing service personnel to LPNs. PMID- 6623112 TI - Justice and the justification of a social policy: the distribution of primary care physicians. AB - A just distribution of primary care physicians in the United States would be one based on patient need. Given the nature of primary care and the distribution of need for primary care, such a principle would yield a pattern of roughly equal distribution of primary care physicians. A justified policy of distribution must take into account not only considerations of justice but other moral, political and economic considerations. It is argued that in the case of primary care physicians a policy of egalitarian distribution is justified. Methods for implementing such a policy are considered. It is argued that a workable policy must include some restriction on physicians' choice of practice location. A method of implementation is suggested. PMID- 6623114 TI - Background papers to the Eighth International Conference on the Social Sciences and Medicine. Stirling, Scotland, 22-26 August 1983. PMID- 6623113 TI - Sex differences in reports of illness and disability: a further test of the fixed role hypothesis. AB - Data from a longitudinal study of adult health behavior (N = 1088) were used to test the 'fixed role' hypothesis as an explanation for sex differences in reports of illness and disability. According to this hypothesis, the traditional female excess in reported morbidity is due to females having more flexible role obligations than men--thus making it easier for women to adopt the sick role. In this analysis, regression techniques were used to examine sex differentials in reports of both 'symptom episodes' and bed days, while controlling statistically for fixed roles such as employment status, head of household and % contribution to the total family income. Our findings showed that the three fixed role measures did not explain sex differences in reports of symptom episodes or total bed days (N = 1088). However, among people reporting at least one bed day (N = 503), such obligations did explain the female excess in reported bed days. These findings suggest that fixed role obligations may play a larger role in determining when to relinquish the sick role as opposed to its adoption. These analyses also suggest that role obligations associated with employment status have the major influence on such sick role behavior. PMID- 6623115 TI - Psycho-social factors and the technologies of work. AB - This paper examines the probable association between use of complex technologies in the work setting and psycho-social factors believed to impact upon human health. The analysis is set within two long-standing philosophical perspectives on technology, one which holds that technology controls human choice and action, and the other which sees technology as a useful tool for extending human capabilities. Research evidence linking technologies of work to health are reviewed. On the basis of this literature, the authors conclude that, in general, among blue collar and clerical workers, technology is often a controlling element, to the detriment of health; but among professionals and managers, technology can be an aid to work and may therefore facilitate positive health. Strategies are offered toward the prevention and detection of, and intervention into work environments which, through the use of high technology, may pose a threat to health. PMID- 6623116 TI - Justice and health for all. AB - The ethical aspects of the distribution of resources for health care at the macro level deserve more study than they hitherto received. The socio-medical and economic policy implications of four distribution principles are reviewed: the utilitarian, the egalitarian, the equal access and the libertarian. Policy in welfare states is primarily based on the equal access principle. Economic factors have led to policy proposals in libertarian and utilitarian directions; competition, cost-sharing, cost-effectiveness and individual responsibility are central to the discussion. The authors conclude that it remains to be seen whether these alternatives produce the results expected. They recommend more comprehensive examination of the practical and political feasibilities of a more egalitarian policy. PMID- 6623117 TI - Effects of material deprivation on neurological functioning. AB - An intellectual deficit in low socio-economic strata (S-E) of underdeveloped countries is widespread. A similar phenomenon is observed in industrialized countries and is known as socio-cultural retardation (S-CR); one theory holds that it is due to psychosensory deprivation whilst another denies that there is in fact a deficit, there being only middle class-oriented testing applied to subjects whose skills lie in another direction. Whichever theory is true, in underdeveloped countries the problem is compounded by malnutrition and perennial infection so that the intellectual deficit in these societies may be qualitatively different. This paper sets out the point of view of a clinical neurologist who believes it likely that the technological Western mode of life entails an organization of the brain which is lacking in subjects in low S-E strata of less sophisticated cultures. These will therefore evince multiple mild deficiencies in specific functions of the brain. The core is thought to be incomplete maturation of neural mechanisms. Examples are given: (1) facial dyspraxia; (2) permanence of primitive reflexes; (3) poor body image and sensory integration; and (4) tactile-perceptual functioning (which in fact showed no deficiency but is given as the type of neuropsychological factor which may show delay). Middle class life in Western society is held to be more complex in absolute terms. This is an important cause of the large number of dropouts from primary education in Latin America, whose school systems are based on middle class values, themselves tailored to the technological age. PMID- 6623118 TI - Sex differences in illness incidence, prognosis and mortality: issues and evidence. AB - This paper reviews current research and presents new evidence concerning sex differences in morbidity and mortality. Attention is focused primarily on the following topics: (1) sex differences in incidence, prognosis and mortality for several major types of chronic disease, (2) causes of sex differences in morbidity and mortality, (3) sex differences in physician visits and (4) a methodological issue, whether there are sex differences in reporting morbidity. Relationships between sex differences in incidence, prognosis and mortality have been analyzed for various types of cancer, ischemic heart disease and rheumatoid arthritis. There was little or no correlation between sex differences in incidence and sex differences in prognosis. Sex differences in prognosis were generally smaller than sex differences in incidence. In most cases, sex differences in prognosis made a relatively small contribution to sex differences in mortality, and sex differences in incidence were the primary determinant of sex differences in mortality. These patterns indicate that the causes of sex differences in incidence frequently have little effect on sex differences in prognosis. Reasons for this are discussed in the text. The causes of sex differences in morbidity and mortality are discussed, with attention to the contributions of genetic and environmental factors, sex roles, sex differences in stress responses and sex differences in risk-taking and preventive behaviors. One conclusion is that, although men take more risks of certain types, there does not appear to be a consistent sex difference in propensity to take risks or to engage in preventive behavior. Rather sex differences in risk-taking and preventive behavior vary depending on the specific behavior and the culture considered. Sex differences in physician visit rates are influenced by a variety of biological and cultural factors. For example, women's more complex and demanding reproductive functions are a major reason for women's higher rates of physician visits, at least in Western countries. The importance of cultural factors is indicated by the cross-cultural and historical variation in sex differences in physician visit rates. In order to test whether there are sex differences in the reporting of health and illness, discrepancies between self-report and medically evaluated morbidity measures have been assessed for males and females in twelve studies. These data indicate that sex differences in reporting vary depending on the particular type of morbidity measure considered. For example, for self ratings of general health women may be more predisposed than men to rate their health poor, but no significant sex differences were observed in reporting of physician visits or hospital admissions. The evidence discussed in this paper illustrates the diversity and complexity of factors that influence sex differences in morbidity and mortality... PMID- 6623119 TI - Unemployment and health in the context of economic change. AB - Evidence relating unemployment to health is found at every level of social science analysis from national population rates to individual psychophysiological stress response. At the population level of analysis, increase in the unemployment rate indicates recession and/or structural economic decline. At the individual level, unemployment is interpreted as a stressful life event. In both cases, inverse associations are found between measures of unemployment and indicators of health. We identify social science literatures associating health indicators with each of the following: economic growth, socioeconomic status, sociocultural change, economic instability, the status of being unemployed, social stress and work stress. Outstanding research issues include the requirements to identify and measure the effects of conditional factors and control variables in multivariate analysis and to examine a broader range of both severity of unemployment and severity of health outcomes. A research agenda proposes studies at the macro, meso and micro levels of analysis. We urge such research for its potential contribution both to analytic social science and to economic and social policy. PMID- 6623120 TI - Health services as a defence against the consequences of poverty in industrialised societies. AB - The purpose of this paper is to offer, as a basis for discussion, a review of the issues involved in a consideration of the role of health services as a 'defence' against the consequences of poverty. First, some general questions are asked: It is true that industrialised nations have reached a stage of development where health care is irrelevant to health? Is the issue inequality in health, or more narrowly the particular problems of a minority, the 'poor'? Are the causes of disadvantage in health to be seen as behavioural or structural, and if health systems concern themselves with social-structural issues, is this medical imperialism or the proper exercise of responsibility? The role of health services is considered in relation to primary prevention, secondary prevention (or curative medicine) and tertiary prevention (or rehabilitative medicine). It is concluded that (though the impact of any form of universally-available health service must not be minimised) health systems in industrialised societies are not in general successful in mitigating or preventing the health problems of poverty. Some socio-medical policy programmes and some health-care delivery initiatives have, however, produced measurable effects. It is suggested that, while health systems can never wholly compensate for social inequalities in health, 'community' programmes may perhaps most effectively combine the structural and the individual approaches. PMID- 6623121 TI - Hospital organisation and structure and its effect on inter-professional behaviour and the delivery of care. AB - Some form of organisation within and between hospitals is necessary to provide effective and integrated care to patients, to ensure that medical, nursing and paramedical services develop efficiently and coherently, and to ensure that needs of the community are met. However research into the design of structures for the provision of hospital services has been remarkably limited considering the transformation of hospital work in recent decades. The absence of clearly articulated models of organisation and lack of consensus on the relevant data make needed comparative studies difficult to mount. Nevertheless systematic empirical and evaluative studies of matters like appropriate limits to authority, working of intraprofessional hierarchies, management of clinical autonomy, and the effects of interprofessional rivalry on patient-care seem both feasible and desirable. Many studies bearing directly on these topics take the form of inquiries mounted within government departments or by professional groups with an interest in the outcome. PMID- 6623122 TI - Indigenous and multinational pharmaceutical companies. AB - There is a set of complex relationships between governments and the pharmaceutical companies. These relationships can be analysed in many different ways. In the following article the drug system of each country will be the unit of analysis. The drug system includes all the decision processes, formal as well as informal, from the production or importation of drugs to the intake of the drug by the patient. The aim of this paper is to discuss how environmental factors, the strategies of the drug companies and the national policies, will effect the drug system of a country. Satisfying solutions to the economical and health goals of the country will be searched for. If we want a more rational discussion in this area, professionally and politically, we need more empirical knowledge about the multinational drug companies and their effects on society. This does not mean that we shall sit waiting for this new knowledge. We have to make decisions using todays knowledge. However, in the long run rational decision strategy must include ways to collect important empirical data about the phenomenom under investigation. The aim of this survey is to indicate areas where we already have quite good knowledge and indicate other areas where this data is missing. PMID- 6623123 TI - Issues in the accessibility and confidentiality of patient records. AB - Traditional understandings of confidentiality are no longer sufficient to deal with the privacy issues raised by a modern health care system. Patient data are increasingly kept by large and relatively faceless institutions. Disclosure of health information is not an exception, but a matter of daily routine, not only for uses within the health care system itself, but also for various social purposes. This paper highlights a number of issues, related to these structural changes. A distinction is made between four main problem areas: basic issues, collection and keeping of data, patient access to records, disclosure of individually identifiable data. Under each heading, four issues are discussed. PMID- 6623124 TI - Processes in the formulation and legitimisation of professional ethics in a changing world. AB - Within any given profession two sorts of moral problems arise: 'general' problems which are solvable by universal moral considerations, and 'role-specific' problems, which are generated or solved by norms unique to the profession. It is role-specific norms which are theoretically significant to professional ethics. This essay begins an investigation of role-specific norms for medical ethics, concentrating in particular upon the traditional claim that a physician's primary duty is the restoration and preservation of a patient's health. This norm is derivable from the concept of medicine itself, and can be defended against contemporary sceptical and relativistic attacks designed to show it has no useful content. The medical profession has been attacked recently on the ground that the 'patient-health' norm conflicts with more fundamental general moral principles, especially that of personal autonomy. This criticism is justified with respect to the interpretation of the patient-health norm which has often been given by the medical profession. A more careful investigation of both the empirical requirements of successful treatment and the concept of health itself shows that the theoretical conflict is largely resolvable. This implies that the traditional basic medical norm is morally appropriate. PMID- 6623125 TI - War, peace and professional responsibility. AB - The technology of modern weapons, especially nuclear weapons, poses a critical threat to the health of all people. In addition to the unprecedented risk of massive destruction to living things and to the ecosphere, the resources used in production of these arsenals cause an economic threat to the health of populations even if the weapons are never used. Medical and social scientists have a responsibility to work for the prevention of nuclear war and the reversal of the arms race. This may imply an obligation to work towards the prevention of war in general. Professional responsibility in this regard is based on (1) special expertise, (2) influence in society and (3) the symbolic power of the values of life, health and human dignity. PMID- 6623126 TI - The relevance of traditional medical cultures to modern primary health care. AB - This paper attempts to identify forms of traditional medicine which have the greatest potential for advancing primary health care goals. It begins by differentiating traditional medical systems into types, according to the kinds of medical knowledge which they depend on for preventing, diagnosing, and treating sickness. Emphasis is given to the facts that some traditional systems concentrate on producing varieties of pathophysiological knowledge, while others focus on forms of etiological knowledge; and that some traditional systems accumulate the medical knowledge which they produce, while others diffuse and fragment it. These differences give clues to a medical tradition's abstract potential for achieving three distinct, and only sometimes linked, ends: curing disease, healing illness, and enhancing the productivity of official primary health care programs. To make these clues concrete, it is also necessary to know something about the different ways in which traditional medical beliefs and practices are embedded, together with modern (cosmopolitan) medicine, in actual patterns of resort. The remainder of the paper assesses the relevance, for advancing primary health care goals, of particular classes of traditional healers -e.g. herbalists, midwives, bonesetters--and technologies within different types of medical systems. Four possibilities are described; integration, complementarity, rivalry and intercalation. PMID- 6623127 TI - The role of spatial analysis and geographic data in the detection of disease causation. AB - Spatial analyses of disease patterns have been used by investigators as one tool with which to address problems of disease causation. However, while the results of spatial studies may be suggestive, they have been definitive only rarely. This is because there are numerous epistemological, logical and methodological problems which are encountered in spatial analysis. It is important to address these problems as one step in answering the basic issues concerning the role of spatial analysis in the detection of disease causation. PMID- 6623128 TI - Toxoplasma encephalitis in recent Haitian entrants. AB - We evaluated clinical features of five cases of Toxoplasma encephalitis (TE) occurring in recent Haitian entrants into the United States. None of the patients had any underlying malignancy or known immunosuppressive therapy. Histopathologic findings of TE at autopsy were confirmed by peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Four patients had an antecedent episode of disseminated tuberculosis and all five were receiving antituberculous therapy when neurologic manifestations of lethargy, seizures, and motor weakness first developed. These symptoms progressed into coma and death within 15 days. Peripheral lymphocytopenia was noted in all patients; three were anergic. Parenchymal lesions were identified by CT brain scans and total proteins were elevated in spinal fluid in all cases. TE appears to be a manifestation of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome in Haitians; it should be suspected in those with a febrile illness and multiple focal lesions of the central nervous system. PMID- 6623129 TI - Gastric bypass: Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy from the lesser curvature. AB - We describe a new technique for the surgical treatment of exogenous morbid obesity. The stomach is partitioned from the angle of His toward the lesser curvature, and a Roux-en-Y proximal jejunal limb drains the proximal gastric pouch, which is 25 to 35 ml in capacity. By use of the enteroanastomosis (EEA) or the intraluminal (ILS) stapling instrument for the gastrojejunostomy from the lesser curvature of the stomach, the functional reliability, vascular integrity, and ease of construction of the stoma have been improved. We performed the gastric bypass operation on 300 consecutive patients, 268 women and 32 men, over a two-year period beginning in June 1979. The patients' average admission weight was 126 kg. Diseases associated with obesity were observed in 57% of the patients, and concomitant operations were performed in 29%. The average weight loss at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months was 37.0, 48.5, 51.5, and 52.0 kg, respectively. Early and late complications occurred in 37 patients (12%), requiring 40 reoperations. Two deaths (0.6%) occurred within the 30 months' of observation. PMID- 6623130 TI - Reassessment of Graham-Steele closure in acute perforated peptic ulcer. AB - We studied 67 patients who had operation for perforated peptic ulcer. Operative treatment included plication with omentum (Graham closure) in 27 patients, vagotomy and pyloroplasty in 32 patients, or vagotomy and antrectomy in eight patients, depending on antecedent ulcer history, degree of contamination, and general patient condition. Mortality was high with simple closure in patients with long-standing perforation or associated disease. Early complications associated with Graham closure included rebleeding, perforation, and obstruction. There were no deaths or major complications related to vagotomy and pyloroplasty. In selected patients, definitive operation is safe and produces excellent long term results. PMID- 6623131 TI - Management of Hirschsprung's disease in the adolescent. AB - Occasionally Hirschsprung's disease is misdiagnosed until the patient reaches adolescence. The disease of these young people may present technical problems not encountered in the neonate. I describe three such patients, ages 10, 13, and 19 years, who were managed successfully by slightly different surgical methods. PMID- 6623132 TI - Segmental spinal instrumentation in the management of fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine. AB - Eleven cases of fracture of the thoracic and lumbar spine were treated with segmental spinal instrumentation (Luque rods). The majority of these injuries occurred in motor vehicular accidents or falls from a height and were usually associated with multisystem trauma. This method of instrumentation provided immediate rigid internal fixation, which obviated the need for postoperative orthoses, allowed easier nursing care and early ambulation, and facilitated rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injury. At 13 months' average follow up, there have been no instances of wire breakage, rod deformation, or deterioration of neurologic status. This favorable experience suggests that segmental spinal instrumentation should be considered as an alternative mode of spinal instrumentation in fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine. PMID- 6623133 TI - Ambulatory function in total knee arthroplasty. AB - Through the use of gait analysis, this study attempts to characterize gait after total knee arthroplasty as a function of postoperative time to quantify the effectiveness of the surgery and to evaluate prostheses of several different designs. Gait analysis on 32 preoperative and 50 postoperative patients included measurement of velocity, cadence, stride length, and gait cycle. Postoperative data were collected at various intervals from 0.7 to 111 months after knee surgery (average postoperative time, 45.3 months). Linear regression analysis of velocity, cadence, stride length, gait cycle, and the ratio of contralateral to pathologic single limb support time as a function of postoperative time are reported with statistical error limits. Extrapolation of these results to zero postoperative time indicates that the patients who had had total knee arthroplasty had a slight improvement in all gait parameters compared to the preoperative control group. This was not statistically significant, however, except for cadence (P less than .05). Although velocity and stride length increased slightly toward more normal values with increased postoperative time, gait parameters at no time approached normal values. PMID- 6623134 TI - Amputations after vascular trauma in civilians. AB - In a ten-year retrospective study of 233 patients who sustained a vascular injury to an extremity, eight (3.4%) extremities were amputated. Factors that affect the incidence of amputation after peripheral vascular trauma include early operation, fasciotomy, preoperative antibiotics, appropriate vascular reconstruction with adequate tissue coverage, use of arteriography during and after reconstruction, and early reoperation for postoperative complications. Some patients benefit psychologically and physically from early definitive amputation. PMID- 6623135 TI - Gradual versus abrupt weaning from respiratory support in acute respiratory failure and advanced chronic obstructive lung disease. AB - Two methods of weaning from mechanical ventilation were compared in 18 instances of acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation for more than 30 days in patients with advanced chronic obstructive lung disease. All patients were ventilated using intermittent mandatory ventilation. Abrupt weaning (AW) consisted of abruptly discontinuing mechanical ventilation when the patients were considered ready for unassisted breathing. Gradual weaning (GW) involved a gradual reduction in the rate of intermittent mandatory ventilation before starting unassisted breathing. Gradual or abrupt weaning alone was used for weaning in five and four instances, respectively. Both methods were used in nine other instances. In the 14 instances when GW was tried, weaning was successful in three. In the 13 instances when AW was tried, weaning was successful in nine. The time in which mechanical ventilation was required was 64 +/- 31 (SD) days with GW and 42 +/- 12 (SD) days with AW. There was no difference in age, pulmonary function, or arterial blood gas results between the patients being weaned by the different methods. I conclude that GW offers no advantage over AW in weaning patients with advanced chronic obstructive lung disease requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation. PMID- 6623136 TI - Spontaneous biliary enteric fistulas. AB - Biliary enteric fistulas usually occur as a complication of chronic cholelithiasis, may be difficult to document preoperatively, and often pose problems in surgical management. We reviewed 13 cases of spontaneous biliary enteric fistulas to identify methods of diagnosis, management, and complications. There was no specific set of clinical symptoms or signs that led to the diagnosis of a fistula. In six cases the diagnosis was made preoperatively by x-ray films showing pneumobilia, gallstone in the small bowel, or fistula. Initial surgical treatment included cholecystectomy in six cases, small bowel enterotomy and removal of gallstones in four, and vagotomy and antrectomy in one case. Two patients initially treated without operation were lost to follow-up. Eight complications occurred in six patients, and there were three deaths due to underlying cardiac disease. The morbidity and mortality of biliary enteric fistulas associated with chronic cholecystitis may be avoided by performing elective cholecystectomy when the patient is in optimal condition. PMID- 6623137 TI - Diagnostic evaluations in pediatric cases of congenital bilateral sensorineural deafness. AB - The earliest possible diagnostic evaluation of hearing impairment among infants and children is of the utmost importance for their future well-being. The essential features of the family history and the pediatric physical examination are reviewed, discussed, and illustrated in studies and actual case histories of congenital bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. PMID- 6623138 TI - Amniotic fluid phosphatidylglycerol: a predictor of fetal lung maturity using conventional one-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. AB - We present a retrospective comparative analysis of 209 amniotic fluid samples and the neonatal outcome. The presence of phosphatidylglycerol in 159 transabdominal amniotic fluid samples and the associated lung status indicated a 98% prediction rate for absence of respiratory distress syndrome with 1.8% false-positive results corrected to 0%. Twenty-nine vaginal pool samples were 72% predictive of outcome with false-positive results corrected to 14%. These cases were mild, and if a phosphatidylglycerol level of greater than 3% is used to indicate lung maturity, the corrected false-positive rate is 0%. False-negative results are also corrected and discussed. We believe that predicting neonatal respiratory distress syndrome by phosphatidylglycerol determination, using readily available conventional one-dimensional thin-layer chromatography, is clinically reliable and can aid in determining the maturity of the lung regardless of site of fluid collection. PMID- 6623139 TI - Cesarean hysterectomy at Louisiana State University, 1975 through 1981. AB - One hundred four cesarean hysterectomies were done on the obstetric service of Louisiana State University School of Medicine over a six-year period, for an incidence of 1/110 cesarean sections or 1/824 deliveries. We categorize the indications for both nonemergency and emergency cases and present the chief components of perioperative morbidity, with particular reference to intraoperative blood loss and postoperative infection. The mean operating time was 126 minutes, blood loss 1,200 ml, transfusion 1.65 units, and hospital stay after surgery seven days. The postoperative morbidity was 42.9%. Emergency patients had an increased blood loss, a higher transfusion rate, and an increase in intraoperative complications. We emphasize the need to develop and maintain the operative skills required by these challenging emergency cases. PMID- 6623140 TI - Recognition of cognitive impairment in primary care outpatients. AB - We evaluated 100 primary care outpatients for signs of cognitive impairment using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The 23 subjects scoring abnormal values (less than 24/30) were found to be cognitively impaired. Seventeen had previously undetected cognitive impairment, while six had prior diagnoses consistent with cognitive impairment. Independent psychiatric evaluation identified these 23 outpatients as cognitively impaired, confirming the MMSE as a reliable, rapid instrument for cognitive assessment. PMID- 6623141 TI - Droperidol in the treatment of vertigo. AB - Twenty-one patients with vertigo related to inner ear disease were treated with droperidol as their sole form of therapy. I report the results and discuss droperidol therapy in detail with regard to its pharmacology, dosage techniques, and the necessary precautions. PMID- 6623142 TI - Professional stress and the practicing family physician. AB - To investigate the physician stress syndrome among practicing family physicians, we mailed a questionnaire regarding stress, depression, locus of control, social and peer support, and medical practice characteristics to a sample of practicing family physicians. The response rate was 64%. Significant positive correlations were found between perceived stress in medical practice, depression, and external locus of control. Family physicians who reported increased levels of stress also had greater depression and an increased tendency to blame external agents in their environment for personal stress. Decreased levels of perceived stress tended to be associated with higher scores on indices of family and physician peer support. Family practitioners reported high levels of family and peer support. PMID- 6623143 TI - Approach to patients with ventricular ectopy. AB - Ventricular ectopy (VE) in the absence of organic heart disease is most often a benign condition that requires no treatment. Diagnostic evaluation should be aimed at assessing the frequency and complexity of VE, correlating symptoms to ventricular arrhythmias, and uncovering underlying heart disease when it is present. Ambulatory Holter monitoring is more sensitive than exercise stress testing for detecting VE, but the two procedures are complementary. The decision to treat should be based on the situation in which VE occurs, tempered by the knowledge that antiarrhythmic agents are associated with significant side effects with long-term use and that they may paradoxically aggravate the underlying arrhythmia in some patients. Partial suppression of VE and maintenance of therapeutic serum drug levels is a more appropriate goal of treatment than total PVC suppression. PMID- 6623144 TI - Suicide: the cry of the depressed patient. PMID- 6623145 TI - Streptococcus MG-intermedius (S milleri) hepatic abscesses in two patients with regional enteritis. AB - Two patients with relatively quiescent regional enteritis had liver abscesses caused by S MG-intermedius. The occurrence of two such cases in a single hospital in the space of a few weeks, while possibly coincidental, suggests that infections with this organism, particularly hepatic abscesses, may be more common in patients with regional enteritis than previously realized. PMID- 6623146 TI - Profound neutropenia associated with benzylpenicillin. AB - A 31-year-old white man with suspected aspiration pneumonia complicated by multiple pulmonary abscesses had profound neutropenia during a course of high dose benzylpenicillin therapy for suspected bacterial endocarditis. Antigranulocyte antibodies were identified in the patient's serum. Leukopenia is an uncommon but potentially serious complication of therapy with this drug. We recommend weekly monitoring of blood counts during prolonged therapy with any beta-lactam antibiotic. PMID- 6623147 TI - Echocardiographic findings in a patient with tamponade due to anterior mediastinal hematoma. AB - A patient with blunt trauma to the sternum had clinical evidence of cardiac tamponade and echocardiographic findings highly suggestive of pericardial effusion. Bloody fluid was obtained by precordial pericardiocentesis. With the clinical diagnosis of pericardial tamponade, operation showed a large anterior mediastinal hematoma. In patients with anterior mediastinal hematoma, echocardiography could be misleading, and if pericardiocentesis is needed it should be done via a subxyphoid approach to help differentiate between these two entities. PMID- 6623148 TI - Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis. AB - Ventilatory failure developed insidiously in a patient due to bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis from bilateral phrenic neuropathy. The ventilatory failure progressed to respiratory arrest. We assessed the patient's diaphragmatic function by fluoroscopy, transdiaphragmatic pressure measurements during maximal inspiration, measurement of abdominal paradoxic motion, and electrical conduction measurements of the phrenic nerves. He improved and was discharged. A rocking bed was recommended for sleep after appropriate measurements of various respiratory support apparatuses. A history of supine breathlessness and a clinical observation of paradoxic abdominal wall motion during breathing in the supine position should suggest this possible cause. PMID- 6623149 TI - Exogastric leiomyosarcoma with ultrastructural analysis. AB - A 50-year-old man was found to have a large exogastric leiomyosarcoma during exploratory laparotomy for a bleeding duodenal ulcer. Although the tumor appeared grossly malignant and was associated with small bowel metastases, its light microscopic appearance was relatively benign. Electron microscopy helped to established the diagnosis of gastric leiomyosarcoma. PMID- 6623152 TI - Meningitis due to Streptococcus milleri (Streptococcus MG-intermedius). PMID- 6623151 TI - Streptococcus milleri empyema. AB - A 58-year-old woman who had recurrent aspiration due to atlantoaxial subluxation, a complication of rheumatoid arthritis, had S milleri empyema. This organism has been associated with purulent disease in previous series, and may be a relatively common but unrecognized cause of empyema. PMID- 6623150 TI - Chronic calcific pancreatitis with pancreatic duct lithiasis due to stenosing papillitis. AB - We have described a case of chronic pancreatitis due to stenosing papillitis relieved by sphincteroplasty and removal of pancreatic duct stones, as opposed to a major pancreatic resection. PMID- 6623153 TI - Tracheal stenosis in sarcoidosis. AB - A 58-year-old woman with sarcoidosis had dyspnea found to be caused by a rare manifestation of that disease--tracheal stenosis. Tracheal dilatation has been beneficial. PMID- 6623154 TI - Solitary metastasis to the medulla oblongata. AB - Of 40 reported cases of solitary brain stem metastasis, only two patients had medullary lesions. We have presented a third case, suggesting that this infrequent occurrence may be due to the mid-brain and pons having a more abundant blood supply, with increased potential for metastatic deposits, and being larger targets for metastases than the medulla. PMID- 6623155 TI - Pericardial tamponade and excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone. AB - We have described a case of presumed excessive antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion due to pericardial effusion and tamponade. Pericardiotomy and drainage produced dramatic resolution of the antidiuresis. In the setting of pericardial tamponade, increased antidiuretic hormone secretion may be "appropriate" in response to overriding stimuli from the left atrial stretch receptors and carotid sinus baroreceptors. PMID- 6623156 TI - Rhabdomyolysis-induced acute renal failure in Legionnaires' disease. AB - A 57-year-old man with legionnaires' disease had acute renal failure as a result of nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis. This report documents an association between legionnaires' disease and rhabdomyolysis, an association only rarely suggested previously. The mechanism of rhabdomyolysis is unknown. Rhabdomyolysis should be considered in patients with legionnaires' disease who have acute renal failure. PMID- 6623157 TI - Oxygen concentration in commercial aircraft flights. PMID- 6623158 TI - Caution regarding peppermint mints. PMID- 6623159 TI - [Efficacy of drug therapy and duration of hospital stay]. PMID- 6623160 TI - [Use of partial home hospitalization in the treatment of patients with peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6623161 TI - [Organization of a dental dispensary for mechanics and cattle breeders in a rural district]. PMID- 6623162 TI - [Organization of the ambulatory health care to the population of the Lvov region]. PMID- 6623163 TI - [The family and marital consulting agency]. PMID- 6623164 TI - [The role of scientific medical societies in advanced training of medical personnel]. PMID- 6623165 TI - [The stages of development of nursing education]. PMID- 6623166 TI - [Surgical tactics in appendiceal infiltrates and abscesses]. PMID- 6623167 TI - [Alcoholic depression]. PMID- 6623168 TI - [Treatment of burns in local isolators with controlled environment]. PMID- 6623170 TI - [Cryotherapy in trophic ulcer of the lower extremities]. PMID- 6623169 TI - [Therapeutic tactics in blunt chest injuries with rib fractures]. PMID- 6623171 TI - [Early and late complications of induced abortion]. PMID- 6623172 TI - [Tactics in early complications following elective surgery of the abdominal organs]. PMID- 6623173 TI - [Severe course of viral hepatitis A resulting in hepatic coma]. PMID- 6623174 TI - [Immunomodulating therapy in protracted pneumonias]. PMID- 6623175 TI - [Endoscopic methods in the differential diagnosis of jaundice in a department of infectious disease]. PMID- 6623176 TI - [Blood prolactin level in primary hypothyroidism and its response to methyldopa and obzidan]. PMID- 6623177 TI - [Improvement of the treatment of furunculosis based on immunological data]. PMID- 6623178 TI - [Radioisotope study of the pancreas in patients with calculous cholecystitis]. PMID- 6623179 TI - [Lung mycoses]. PMID- 6623180 TI - [Megacolon in adults]. PMID- 6623181 TI - [Combined effect of work and domestic activity on morbidity levels with temporary loss of work capacity]. PMID- 6623182 TI - [Current problems of the organization of a pulmonological service for patients with disseminated lung diseases]. PMID- 6623183 TI - [System analysis of human work activity as a basis for health evaluation]. PMID- 6623184 TI - [Fever in anemias]. PMID- 6623185 TI - [Neurological complications following therapy with tranquilizers and their drug correction]. PMID- 6623186 TI - [Roentgenodiagnosis of spinal cord tumors]. PMID- 6623187 TI - [Esthesioneuroblastoma of the maxillary sinus]. PMID- 6623188 TI - [Eventration following surgery for acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 6623189 TI - [Results of the treatment of acute appendicitis]. PMID- 6623190 TI - Trauma to anomalous cervical spine. AB - A case of aplastic arch of the atlas (Keller's type) with severe injury to the cervical spine is presented. The impact of the accident was intense enough to produce bony compression of the C7 vertebra, but no injury occurred to the neural elements in the upper cervical spine. The presence of the ligamentous apparatus maintaining the stable movements of the first vertebral connections is of interest. No delay in recovery occurred, and no late complications developed in the seven months following the accident. PMID- 6623191 TI - Successful surgical decompression of spinal extradural metastases of liposarcoma. AB - Two patients with metastatic liposarcoma to the spine developed neurologic deficits that were successfully reversed by laminectomy and partial tumor resections. Recurrences at later dates were treated similarly with comparable outcomes. Paraplegia was forestalled for approximately two years by each of the surgical interventions. PMID- 6623192 TI - Abnormalities of aggregation, thromboxane A2 synthesis, and 14C serotonin release in platelets of patients with idiopathic scoliosis. AB - Platelet functions were investigated in 16 patients with idiopathic scoliosis (IS), in seven patients with congenital scoliosis (CS), and in 12 healthy individuals who served as a control group. All were females, aged 11 to 22 years. Platelet aggregation anomalies were observed in all IS patients. These constituted an impaired platelet-release reaction when aggregation was induced with ADP or epinephrine, but not with collagen or arachidonic acid. A decreased thromboxane A2 synthesis and impaired 14C-serotonin release were also observed when platelets were stimulated with ADP or epinephrine. Platelet from CS patients and the controls did not show any functional abnormalities when stimulated with the above four aggregating agents. The platelet function anomaly in IS patients was not associated with prolongation of the bleeding time, spontaneous occurrence of hemorrhagic episodes, or increased bleeding during invasive procedures, including major spinal surgery. The above findings and the recently described platelet structural anomalies in IS may imply that the pathological process operative in idiopathic scoliosis involves not only the axial skeleton, but also cellular blood elements. The similarity between blood platelets and muscle cells, and the anomalies that have been found in both systems in IS, support the notion that a muscle disorder may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. PMID- 6623193 TI - The surgical treatment of nerve root compression caused by scoliosis of the lumbar spine. AB - Twenty patients with radicular compression caused by scoliosis of the lumbar spine with attendant spondyloarthrosis have been relieved of pain with restoration of function following surgical decompression. The stenosis caused by arthropathy is alleviated by foraminotomy and facetectomy after laminectomy over multiple levels along the concavity of the scoliotic curve. The spinous processes and attached ligaments are reconstructed to maintain the normal intermuscular septum contributing to stability. The clinical features are described with documentation by means of radiographic studies, myelography, and CAT scanning in all patients. In addition, the histopathologic findings of the facets removed at the time of surgery are described and the relationship of these findings to the symptomatology is indicated. The long-term results have been gratifying, supporting the efficacy of this means of therapy. PMID- 6623194 TI - The amount of bone mineral and Schmorl's nodes in lumbar vertebrae. AB - The bone mineral areal content and the ultimate compressive strength were determined in 109 lumbar vertebrae from 36 subjects. The bone mineral areal content was related to the number, shape, and localization of the Schmorl's nodes detected in the x-rayed and sectioned vertebral bodies. One type of node, irregular in shape and localization, occurred only in the vertebrae with low bone mineral areal content values and thus in vertebrae with relatively low compressive strength. A second type of Schmorl's nodes, regular in shape and localization, did not reflect any general weakness of the vertebral bodies. PMID- 6623195 TI - Anomalies of the lumbosacral nerve roots. Review of 16 cases and classification. AB - Sixteen cases of lumbar nerve root anomalies found at surgery are reviewed and a classification system presented. All but two patients had an associated disc herniation which initiated the symptomalogy and was the indication for surgery. Fifty percent were found at repeat exploration. Eleven patients had conjoined nerve roots, five had two roots in one foramen, and three had connecting roots. Nerve root anomalies should be suspected in cases of failed disc surgery. Adequate decompression by foraminotomy or excision of pedicles is required as well as discectomy to alleviate the symptomatology. PMID- 6623196 TI - Computed tomography of lumbar disc herniation. AB - Abnormality of the bony structures of the spinal canal can be seen clearly with computed tomography (CT). Earlier utilization of CT to diagnose disc herniation was limited because of difficulty in obtaining a detailed image. Since 1978 we have used the General Electric CT/T-X2 scanner, and with this, disc abnormalities are clearly visible. In this paper, we demonstrate the findings and differences of lumbar disc abnormalities in operated and nonoperated cases. PMID- 6623197 TI - The use of in vivo lumbar discography to assess the clinical significance of the position of the intercrestal line. AB - An investigation of the clinical relevance of the location of the intercrestal line in relation to the pattern of disc degeneration in the lower lumbar spine is presented. An analysis of the discograms from 89 symptomatic patients has demonstrated a difference in the incidence of disc degeneration in the L4-5 and L5-S1 disc spaces dependent on the position of the intercrestal line. This difference supports the hypothesis that additional protection will be given to those L5-S1 discs with which high intercrestal lines are associated as compared to those associated with intercrestal lines lying lower down the spine. A corollary of this hypothesis is that for any individual there is an increased likelihood that the L4-5 disc space will undergo degeneration from the influence of normal mechanical stresses before the L5-S1 disc space if the intercrestal line lies comparatively high up the spine. PMID- 6623198 TI - Hip-spine syndrome. AB - Thirty-five patients were reviewed with what is called hip-spine syndrome. Concurrent disease at both the hip and spine is not infrequent in the older population. In most cases, the finding and diagnosis were straight forward, and were classified as a simple hip-spine syndrome. Cases in which the spine symptoms are aggravated by deformity of the hip were called a secondary hip-spine syndrome. Symptomatic disease at both the hip and spine can present as a complex hip-spine syndrome. Symptoms from both sites gives a confusing clinical picture and may require ancillary investigations to diagnose the major source of disability. Failure to recognize concurrent disease at both the hip and spine may lead to misdiagnosis and possibly erroneous treatment. PMID- 6623199 TI - The biomechanics of the posterior elements of the lumbar spine. Introductory comments. PMID- 6623200 TI - The mechanical function of the lumbar apophyseal joints. AB - Experiments were carried out on cadaveric lumbar spines to determine the mechanical function of the apophyseal joints. It was found that they resist most of the intervertebral shear force and share in resisting the intervertebral compressive force, but only in lordotic postures. They prevent excessive movement from damaging the discs: the posterior annulus is protected in torsion by the facet surfaces and in flexion by the capsular ligaments. PMID- 6623201 TI - Posterior element loads in lumbar motion segments. AB - This report concerns the manner in which the intervertebral disc and the posterior elements share loads placed on a lumbar motion segment. A two dimensional biomechanical model was used to examine this. The model incorporated two rigid bodies to represent the vertebrae and six elastic springs to represent the tissues of the intervertebral disc and the posterior elements. Compression loads were resisted almost totally by the model intervertebral disc, but both the intervertebral disc and the posterior elements contributed substantially to resisting anteroposterior shear and flexion-extension loads. Motion segment morphology was a major determinant of load-sharing in model response to anteroposterior shear. PMID- 6623202 TI - Compression stresses in the posterior elements and pathologic consequences. AB - Pathologic, experimental, and clinical studies indicate that excessive strain concentration may occur in the posterior elements of the spine and be increased by extension. They may cause small fractures in this region and can be responsible for episodes of back pain. The diagnosis is usually missed. PMID- 6623203 TI - Asymmetrical facet joints. Another cause for the sclerotic pedicle. PMID- 6623204 TI - Spinous process deviation. Predictive value of a radiologic sign in lumbar disc surgery. PMID- 6623205 TI - Cervical manipulation. PMID- 6623206 TI - Mechanical properties of the lumbar spine. PMID- 6623208 TI - [Dosimetry on patients using grid mammography]. PMID- 6623207 TI - [Photofluorography and breast cancer. Contribution to the mammography controversy]. PMID- 6623209 TI - [Roentgen findings in amebiasis of the large intestine]. PMID- 6623210 TI - [Prognosis and rehabilitation in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6623211 TI - [Effects of the rheumatoid factor on fixation of immune complex-complement complex on erythrocytes]. PMID- 6623212 TI - [Progression of bone atrophy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6623214 TI - [Elbow joint involvement in chronic rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6623213 TI - [Case of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis presenting as fever of unknown origin and positive diagnosis established after reaching adulthood]. PMID- 6623215 TI - Arrhythmogenicity of anti-arrhythmic therapy. PMID- 6623216 TI - Amiodarone in the treatment of patients with resistant arrhythmias. PMID- 6623217 TI - High ischaemic heart disease mortality among young Afrikaners. AB - The death rates from ischaemic heart disease (IHD) of White South Africans in districts where more than 80% were Afrikaners were compared with those for the rest of the country. The rates for the predominantly Afrikaans districts were higher for males under the age of 50 years and for females under 55 years. Approximately a quarter of the IHD deaths up to these ages were associated with the unique Afrikaner component. The rates for non-Afrikaner females were similar to those for females in the USA. The rates for non-Afrikaner males, however, were higher. PMID- 6623219 TI - Acute community-acquired pneumonias. AB - Of 81 adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia, bacterial infections were found in 37%, mycoplasma and viral infections in 21%, and tuberculosis in 6%; no pathogen could be identified in 46% of cases. More than one agent was identified in 12% of patients. Streptococcus pneumoniae, the most common pathogen, was found in 63%, Haemophilus influenzae in 26,7%, Staphylococcus aureus in 6,7%, and other Gram-negative organisms in 10% of patients with proven bacterial pneumonia. Most clinical and radiographic features were of little value in differentiating between different aetiological agents, but Gram-stained sputum gave a valuable early guide to therapy in 60% of cases of proven bacterial pneumonia. Blood culture was positive in 13,6% of cases. All the organisms conformed to their usual sensitivity patterns. Since Strept. pneumoniae is the predominant pathogen, penicillin should be the drug of choice in the immediate 'blind' treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. PMID- 6623220 TI - Medical manpower in South Africa--emigration during 1975 - 1981 of doctors qualifying after 1955. AB - Emigration figures are established for those doctors who qualified after 1955 and who were listed on the South African Medical and Dental Council's register for 1975, on the basis of their addresses in 1981. Emigration is higher among more recent graduates and those from the older established universities, reaching as much as 30% for the period 1975-1981. Emigration is generally lower among doctors practising in rural as opposed to urban areas. There is little difference between specialists and non-specialists. Recent graduates with an overseas primary qualification are a highly transient population. PMID- 6623218 TI - Coronary risk factor screening in three rural communities. The CORIS baseline study. AB - A three-community study of rural Afrikaans-speaking Whites in the south-western Cape revealed that the major reversible risk factors hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension and smoking, as well as 'minor' factors such as inactivity, obesity, hyperuricaemia, coronary-prone behaviour and the irreversible risk factors of chest pain, ischaemic changes on the ECG and a family history of ischaemic heart disease (IHD), were exceedingly common. Singly or in combination, the major risk factors were present in the great majority of the study population after the age of 44 years. The interaction of high levels of lifestyle-induced risk factors with constitutional predisposition could adequately explain any excess risk of IHD in the Afrikaans-speaking community. The almost universal risk factor prevalence in this study has major implications for any preventive strategy. PMID- 6623221 TI - [Cardiac dysrhythmias during halothane and enflurane anesthesia for dental procedures: a comparison]. AB - A comparison was made of the frequency of cardiac arrhythmias produced by enflurane and halothane as volatile supplements to nitrous oxide anaesthesia for 107 fit patients presenting for routine dental extractions and fillings. ECGs were recorded continuously. Arrhythmias occurred most frequently with halothane; a higher incidence of ventricular arrhythmias was found in the age group 5-9 years, and of nodal rhythms in the age group 10-50 years. PMID- 6623222 TI - Simultaneous oesophageal and gastric carcinoma in an elderly man. A case report. AB - A patient with radiological evidence of both oesophageal and gastric carcinoma is presented. Histological examination revealed squamous cell carcinoma of the mid oesophagus and adenocarcinoma of the stomach. This is a most unusual combination. A short review of the literature is presented. PMID- 6623223 TI - Rugby injuries of the upper cervical spine. Case reports. AB - Fractures and dislocations of the upper cervical spine (atlas and axis) differ markedly from those of the lower cervical spine (C3 - C7) because of the unique anatomy and function of these two vertebrae. Case reports of 4 rugby players who sustained serious injuries of the upper cervical spine are presented. The role of the high tackle in causing these injuries is described and the association of head and upper cervical spinal trauma is emphasized. The radiological management of the player with suspected injury is outlined. PMID- 6623224 TI - Local anaesthesia for diagnostic and operative arthroscopy of the knee. AB - A technique of local anaesthesia for arthroscopy of the knee is presented, which has been used on 100 consecutive patients of whom 23 underwent arthroscopic procedures. There was an overall success rate of 99%, with no complications. The advantages of this type of anaesthesia are briefly discussed. PMID- 6623226 TI - Formative (in-course) graduate assessment. Design of an accurate multiple-choice question examination and the training merits thereof. AB - Medical graduate learning is being appraised to an increasing extent during training. The adequacy of these formative (in-course) assessments has not been widely studied. The performances and opinions of junior specialists were used to evaluate the accuracy of a graduate multiple-choice question examination (MCQE) and the merits of such in-course assessments. Methods used in verifying the validity and reliability of this MCQE are detailed. In-course assessments were rated as being valuable in graduate training. Issues pertinent to sound appraisals of graduate learning are discussed. PMID- 6623225 TI - The psychological effect of exercise training on patients after a myocardial infarction. A pilot study. AB - Most studies of exercise training in patients who have had a heart attack have concentrated on the influence such programmes have on physiological recovery rather than on possible psychological benefits. In order to study the latter, a group of 16 patients participating in the Cardiac Rehabilitation Programme run by the Cape Western Branch of the Heart Foundation of Southern Africa were asked to complete the Cattell Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire on entry to the programme and again 6 months later. Eight patients participated regularly in the programme for the full 6 months (the exercising group), while the other 8 (the control group) 'dropped out' within the first few weeks and remained physically inactive for the remainder of the 6 months. It was found that there were no differences in the personality profiles of the exercising and control groups on admission to the rehabilitation programme. Both groups exhibited considerable psychological impairment--in particular they were emotionally unstable with high levels of apprehension, tension and depression. Six months later the control group showed a further worsening as regards levels of depression and emotional stability, with a small reduction (2%) in tension and a small increase (1%) in imaginativeness. In contrast, the exercising group showed significantly large reductions in depression (10%) and tension (14%) levels, and marked increases in emotional stability (14%) and imaginativeness (12%). We conclude that attendance at the programme played an important role in normalizing their psychological constitutions. PMID- 6623227 TI - A psychological profile of women selected for augmentation mammaplasty. AB - Augmentation mammaplasty (AM) is a cosmetic surgical procedure increasingly being sought by women preoccupied with the size of their breasts. There is a divergence of opinion as to the reasons for and the morbidity associated with this. The present study attempts to clarify the reasons for requests for AM and to determine the presence of psychopathology in patients selected for this procedure compared with hospital controls. It was found that these patients generally experienced low self-esteem, depression, self-consciousness and anxiety, and had a poor body-image and psychosexual problems. AM was often sought to alleviate marital, psychosexual and interpersonal problems. PMID- 6623228 TI - Physically abused children and their families. A 5-year follow-up study. AB - Thirty-two Coloured families were assessed 5 years after their referral to the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, because of the physical abuse of one of their children. Although continuation of the physical abuse was not found at follow-up, in two-thirds of the families the environment was as bad as or worse than it had been in 1977, and emotional abuse prevailed. Many of the parents had separated, and 3 of the children had been placed in foster care. The difficulties involved in managing multiproblem families are discussed. PMID- 6623229 TI - Driver's fatigue. AB - The physical, physiological and psychological effects of fatigue on long-distance haulage drivers are noted. The Haddon matrix principle of phases and factors is used in the analysis of the causes of driver's fatigue, and also in describing preventive measures. The promulgation of suitable regulations and a bonus system or scheme in respect of heavy-duty motor vehicle drivers are advocated. PMID- 6623230 TI - Gaucher's disease in the black population of South Africa. A case report. AB - The diagnosis of the non-neuropathic form of Gaucher's disease was confirmed by haematological and enzymatic investigations in a Black girl. The aetiological relationship of this condition with Gaucher's disease in other populations is uncertain, but lack of expression of the enzyme defect in the white blood cells in our patient might be significant in this context. This case serves to emphasize that Gaucher's disease enters into the differential diagnosis of unexplained splenomegaly, irrespective of the ethnic background of the affected person. PMID- 6623231 TI - Transcatheter embolization of the internal thoracic artery for post-traumatic haemorrhage. A case report. AB - In certain cases transcatheter embolization is an accepted technique for the control of arterial bleeding. A case is described in which post-traumatic haemorrhage from the internal thoracic artery was successfully controlled by embolization, thereby avoiding thoracotomy. PMID- 6623232 TI - Richter's syndrome--an indication for lymph node biopsy in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. A case report. AB - A patient suffering from typical chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) developed a rapidly fatal high-grade lymphoma (Richter's syndrome). In cases of CLL Richter's syndrome must be distinguished from coexistent Hodgkin's disease and prolymphocytic transformation. The prognosis is dismal but not hopeless if the condition is treated early. Lymph node biopsy is essential for diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 6623233 TI - Brain metastases in early cancer of the uterine cervix. A case report. AB - This paper describes a case of cancer of the uterine cervix (clinical stage IB) in which signs of brain metastases developed within 1 week of diagnosis. Common sites of distant metastases in patients with carcinoma of the cervix are the liver and lung parenchyma. However, these organs were free of disease and only the brain, an extremely rare site, was involved. PMID- 6623234 TI - The treatment of end-stage renal disease at the Johannesburg Hospital: a 17-year experience. Part I. The role of dialysis. PMID- 6623236 TI - Primary radiotherapy after tumour excision as an alternative to mastectomy for early breast cancer. Rationale and preliminary results of a prospective study. AB - A conservative approach to the management of breast cancer is gaining acceptance. The evidence from many retrospective and prospective studies indicates that breast-preserving surgery and radiation therapy give results equal to those of mastectomy. Relapse affecting the breast alone has been shown not to be detrimental to survival, while the psychological benefits to the patients have been gratifying. A prospective study of early breast cancer treated by conservative surgery and radiation was commenced at the Johannesburg Hospital in 1980. The results in 57 patients are reported. So far there have been 2 cases of local recurrence. In the majority of cases satisfactory cosmetic results were achieved. It is considered that lumpectomy with axillary dissection to establish nodal status followed by irradiation is the treatment of choice for stage I and II carcinoma of the breast. PMID- 6623235 TI - Osteomalacia in elderly White South African women with fractures of the femoral neck. AB - Iliac bone biopsies of 80 patients with femoral neck fractures showed histological features of osteomalacia in 11,25% of cases. The disorder is significantly worse in winter than in summer. This suggests that insufficient exposure to sunlight is a contributory factor. PMID- 6623237 TI - Patch graft aortoplasty for repair of coarctation of the aorta in infants under 1 year of age. AB - Patch graft angioplasty for symptomatic coarctation of the aorta was carried out in 34 infants aged from 6 days to 9,5 months (mean 49,4 days). Congestive cardiac failure was present in 32 and severe hypertension alone in 2 patients. Of the 34 children, 21 (61,8%) had significant associated cardiac lesions and 25 (73,5%) were less than 6 weeks of age. Systolic blood pressures were recorded by the Doppler technique before and after the operation. There were 6 hospital deaths (17,6%) and 3 late deaths, giving a total mortality of 26,5%. Pre-operative systolic pressure gradients between upper and lower limbs ranged from 20 to 92 mmHg (mean 54,5 mmHg). Of the 28 early survivors, 1 was lost to follow-up. Duration of follow-up ranged from 3,5 to 62 months (mean 24,5 months). Postoperative residual gradients of less than 20 mmHg were found in 19 of the 27 cases followed up (70,4%), while 8 patients had significant residual gradients (40 - 90 mmHg). Of these 8, 7 had undergone surgery when less than 6 weeks old, and 6 of them have subsequently undergone a second corrective operation. It is concluded that while patch graft angioplasty is a life-saving procedure for the correction of symptomatic coarctation of the aorta in early infancy, a significant proportion of the patients develop a recurrence of coarctation necessitating further surgery later. PMID- 6623238 TI - Eosinophilia in premature neonates. Phase 2 of a biphasic granulopoietic response. AB - Eosinophilia within the first 6 weeks of life was studied prospectively in 10 premature neonates. Mean birthweight was 1229 +/- 314 g, and mean gestational age 31.5 +/- 1.8 weeks. Simultaneous changes in eosinophil, neutrophil, total lymphocyte, suppressor and helper T-cell counts and IgE levels were monitored. Infants were designated as responders (eosinophils greater than 1000/microliter for greater than 5 days) and non-responders. In the 6 responders eosinophils increased from 353 +/- 76 (mean +/- SEM) at birth to a peak of 2783 +/- 430/microliter at 20-25 days. Responders had significantly lower neutrophil counts at birth (P less than 0.05), and in 5 of the 6 responders neutrophils increased by more than 100% within 10-15 days; this did not occur in any of the 4 non-responders (P less than 0.025). Lymphocytes and suppressor and helper T cells increased progressively in both groups over the period of study with no differences between responders and non-responders. Birthweight and gestational age were similar in both groups, and there were no apparent causes for the lower neutrophil counts in responders at birth. Eosinophilia was not related to an IgE response. The incidence of eosinophilia in this study is similar to that reported previously, and appears to be part of a biphasic granulopoietic response. PMID- 6623239 TI - External carotid endarterectomy. Case reports. AB - In the presence of internal carotid artery occlusion, external carotid artery disease can produce neurological symptoms either by reducing flow in the collateral vessels to the circle of Willis, or by acting as a source for embolic disease. Five cases are described to illustrate the clinical presentations possible in this situation, and to demonstrate the symptomatic relief afforded by correctly selected external carotid endarterectomy. PMID- 6623240 TI - Placental patterns as seen on ultrasonography. AB - The first exciting days of being able to see the placenta in utero and localize the site of implantation are over. It is now commonplace to ask about the placental site automatically when requesting an ultrasonogram of a pregnant uterus, and it is taken for granted that this will be mentioned in the report. However, with the new and more sophisticated ultrasound equipment now in use, it is today incumbent on the ultrasonologist to give a short report on the placenta and the umbilical cord, in addition to the report on the fetus. PMID- 6623241 TI - Sinus bradycardia in obstructive jaundice--correlation with total serum bile acid concentrations. AB - Obstructive jaundice is often listed among the causes of sinus bradycardia. The latter is usually attributed to the effect of bile salts on the sino-atrial node. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of sinus bradycardia (heart rate less than 50/min) in 50 patients with severe or moderate cholestasis, and to relate sinus rate and intracardiac conduction to total serum conjugated bile acid concentrations. The latter were measured using a solid-phase 125I radio immunoassay. The mean sinus rate (+/- SD) in the patients was 74.1 +/- 11.6/min (range 47-100/min). One patient had a sinus rate of less than 50/min and 2 had rates of 50-60/min. The mean total serum conjugated bile acid concentration was 251.1 +/- 198.8 mumol/l (range 13-1000 mumol/l). There was no correlation in individual patients between total serum bile acid concentration and sinus rate (r = +0.097), P-R interval (r = +0.210) or corrected Q-T interval (r = -0.085). We conclude that sinus bradycardia is not a feature of obstructive jaundice and that high serum bile acid concentrations do not exert a slowing effect on the sino atrial node. PMID- 6623242 TI - The relative dietary importance of haem and non-haem iron. AB - A study was undertaken to find out the relative amounts of haem and non-haem iron absorbed from meals in which varying amounts of these substances were present. Four meals, each containing 6 mg of iron but with varying ratios of haem and non haem iron, were fed to two groups of subjects, each group receiving two meals. The geometric mean percentage absorption of non-haem iron decreased from 18.0% (SD range 14.6-22.3%) to 6.4% (SD range 3.4-11.8%) as the non-haem iron content of the meal increased from 1.52 mg to 5.72 mg--there was therefore little variation in the actual amounts of non-haem iron absorbed from the different meals. In contrast, the geometric mean absorption of haem iron was approximately 20% from all four meals, although the haem iron content varied between 0.28 mg and 4.48 mg. The amount of haem iron absorbed was thus a linear function of the amount of haem iron in the meal. Two points emerged from the study. Firstly, the relative importance of haem iron in overall iron nutrition was confirmed. Secondly, the fact that the pattern of absorption in relation to dosage was so different for haem iron and non-haem iron suggested that a controlling mechanism for non-haem iron absorption may be located at the mucosal surface. This conclusion is based on the fact that haem iron, the percentage absorption of which was found to be independent of the size of the dose, is absorbed into the mucosal cell when still contained within the porphyrin ring and the iron thus bypasses some controlling mechanism at the mucosal border. PMID- 6623243 TI - Skeletal complications in osteogenesis imperfecta. A review of 153 South African patients. AB - Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is one of the most important inherited skeletal dysplasias. Clinical, radiographic and genetic investigations have been undertaken in a series of 153 South African patients from 84 separate families. A further 60 relatives in whom a definite diagnosis could be made were not available for examination. Seventy-nine patients from 39 families had type I OI (mild skeletal fragility, blue sclerae, autosomal dominant inheritance). The orthopaedic complications were mild and stature was relatively normal. Only 26 patients had experienced more than 10 fractures. Trunk shortening, often with mild kyphoscoliosis, was present in 11 patients. One girl was paraplegic, but none of the other patients had evidence of spinal cord compression. Persistent backache was troublesome in 4 cases. Two of the patients were chair-bound and 9 used crutches or wore calipers. Sixteen patients (sporadic cases) had type II OI (lethal in the perinatal period, autosomal recessive inheritance). The orthopaedic importance of this form of OI lies in its differentiation from other types for the purposes of prognostication and planning of long-term management. Twenty-one patients from 14 families had type III OI (severe fracturing and deformity, white sclerae, autosomal recessive inheritance). Orthopaedic complications predominated. Although only 6 of the 21 patients were adults, 16 were dwarfed, 14 had experienced more than 20 fractures and 19 had significant limb bowing. Seven were chair-bound and 9 walked with crutches or calipers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6623244 TI - The spectrum of clinical problems and outcome in infants in a neonatal unit. AB - We report on a retrospective analysis of admissions to the neonatal unit at the Johannesburg Hospital during the 18-month period September 1980 - February 1982. There were 451 admissions during this period, and 47% of the total group required assisted ventilation; 38% were referred from other hospitals (outborn), of whom 74% required ventilation. Hyaline membrane disease (HMD) accounted for 30% of all major diagnoses and was the most common single diagnosis made in infants weighing less than 2 500 g at birth. HMD also occurred in 20 infants weighing more than 2 500 g at birth, in many cases being the result of elective delivery. The neonatal survival rate (first 28 days) according to birth weight was as follows: 751-1 000 g - 76%; 1 001-1 500 g - 83%; 1 501-2 000 g - 93%; and greater than 2 000 g - 89%. Mortality was higher among ventilated outborn infants than among ventilated inborn infants in all weight groups, but the differences were not statistically significant. Long-term follow-up of these infants is in progress. PMID- 6623245 TI - Viral infections in clinical pertussis. AB - Of 44 children with clinical pertussis 29 (66%) had serological evidence of concurrent infection with respiratory viruses or Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The commonest superinfection was by mycoplasma (32%), followed by respiratory syncytial virus (27%) and adenoviruses (16%). The high prevalence of viral infections, many being multiple, supports the theory that pertussis predisposes to such infections or vice versa. PMID- 6623246 TI - Limited joint mobility in Black patients with type I diabetes mellitus. AB - Eighteen of 66 Black patients with type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus had limited joint mobility (LJM). The presence of LJM was related to the duration of diabetes but not to the total daily insulin dose or to the glycosylated haemoglobin percentage. The incidence of diabetic retinopathy was not increased in those patients with LJM, but this was probably because of the relatively small study population and the relatively short duration of diabetes in this group. Short stature was a feature of this group of patients. PMID- 6623247 TI - Ultramarathon running and upper respiratory tract infections. An epidemiological survey. AB - Opinions differ as to whether marathon runners have an increased susceptibility to upper respiratory tract (URT) infections after a race. In an attempt to answer this question, we carried out a prospective study of the incidence of symptoms of URT infections in 150 randomly selected runners who took part in the 1982 Two Oceans Marathon in Cape Town, and compared this with the incidence in individually matched controls who did not run. Runners were questioned on the day before and 2 weeks after the race. Symptoms of URT infection occurred in 33.3% of runners compared with 15.3% of controls, and were most common in those who achieved the faster race times. The incidence in slow runners was no greater than that in controls. Faster runners also experienced more musculoskeletal pain during and after the race. These results suggest a relationship between acute stress and susceptibility to URT infections. Impairment of one or more local mucosal or general host defences may account for this effect. PMID- 6623248 TI - Treatment of haemorrhoids with rubber band ligation. AB - Over a 2-year period 52 patients with symptomatic haemorrhoids were treated by rubber band ligation using a Baron haemorrhoidal ligator. Of a total of 123 haemorrhoids 94 resolved after the initial procedure, 17 required a second treatment before resolution, and 12 required a third treatment. In spite of physical resolution of all haemorrhoids treated, 6 patients still had symptoms, although 5 of these reported an improvement. Symptoms which appeared after ligation in 7 cases were of a minor nature and disappeared without further therapy. The procedure is recommended as first-line treatment for symptomatic haemorrhoids. PMID- 6623249 TI - Kallmann's syndrome. A case report. AB - A patient with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and anosmia (Kallmann's syndrome) presenting as delayed puberty is described. The clinical, hormonal and testicular histological features are noted. The basic principles of treatment are discussed. PMID- 6623250 TI - Infantile myofibromatosis--a solitary lesion. A case report. AB - Infantile myofibromatosis (IM) usually manifests itself within the first 6 months of life, and is frequently present at birth. The hard, rubbery nodules may be either solitary or multiple. Solitary lesions are more common and have a marked tendency to occur in boys, while the less common multicentric disorder predominantly affects girls. Solitary nodules are usually located in the deep soft tissues, involving skeletal muscle, and usually occur in the head and neck region or trunk. The prognosis of the solitary type of lesion is excellent, the recurrence rate being very low, and distinction from the other fibromatoses of infancy is important. A case of solitary infantile myofibromatosis occurring as a congenital lesion of the back in a female infant is described. PMID- 6623251 TI - Rugby injuries to the cervical spinal cord sustained during rucks and mauls. Case reports. AB - Further analysis of a large number of cases of serious cervical spinal cord injury sustained while playing rugby has revealed that these injuries commonly occur during rucks and mauls. Three different mechanisms of injury under these circumstances have been identified and are discussed together with illustrative case reports. PMID- 6623253 TI - The specialist in full-time hospital practice. PMID- 6623252 TI - The 'double tackle'--another cause of serious cervical spinal injury in rugby players. Case reports. AB - The rugby player who is simultaneously tackled by 2 opponents is more susceptible to cervical spinal and spinal cord injury than the player tackled by a single opponent. The reasons for this increased susceptibility are described. Two illustrative case reports are presented. PMID- 6623254 TI - Southern African hypertension congress. PMID- 6623255 TI - Penetrating cardiac injuries. AB - One hundred and fourteen stab wounds of the heart treated in the Intensive Care Unit at Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg, are analysed and discussed. PMID- 6623256 TI - Acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in Soweto, 1982. An epidemiological investigation. AB - In mid-March 1982 an epidemic of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) broke out in Soweto. Over 34 000 people were treated before the epidemic subsided some 13 weeks later, the overall attack rate being 34,1/1 000. The records of 3 945 patients seen at St John's Eye Hospital were analysed, and the populations at greatest risk of contracting the disease were identified. Males were at greatest risk, with a male to female attack rate ratio of 1,8:1. The age-specific attack rates for both sexes show a similar pattern, peaking in the young adult age groups. PMID- 6623257 TI - Malnutrition among adult hospitalized patients in Zululand during the drought of 1983. AB - Objective measurements of nutritional status were taken from 207 patients in the medical wards of four mission hospitals in different parts of Kwazulu. The incidence of malnutrition was significantly higher than that recently found among hospitalized urban Blacks, 93% of male and 72% of female patients having triceps skinfold thicknesses below 60% of normal. One-third of the patients were clinically marasmic, and of these 56% were suffering from acute infections and 38% had active tuberculosis. The results indicate the magnitude of the problem of malnutrition in Kwazulu hospitals, and suggest that the already high incidence of tuberculosis will be further exacerbated by the continuing drought. PMID- 6623258 TI - Duodenal ulcer, urban stress and the concept of 'marginal man'. AB - The increasing incidence of duodenal ulcer among Blacks, and the incidence at Ga Rankuwa Hospital, Pretoria, are discussed. The role of urbanization and urban stress is considered, and the concept of 'marginal man' in relation to urban stress is outlined. A plea is made for the utilization of this concept in the study of the problem. PMID- 6623259 TI - Anaesthesia and hypoparathyroidism. A case report. AB - A 34-year-old White woman underwent surgery for the correction of bilateral ptosis. She had a known diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism following previous thyroidectomy, and was receiving replacement therapy. The peri-operative handling and the physiopathology and therapeutic management of hypoparathyroidism are discussed. PMID- 6623260 TI - Anaesthesia and hyperparathyroidism. A case report. AB - A 25-year-old White woman was admitted for exploratory thoracotomy for the removal of metastatic lesions from a hormonally active parathyroid carcinoma. The medical, intra-operative and anaesthetic implications are discussed. PMID- 6623261 TI - Essential tremor--successful treatment with aminophylline. A case report. AB - In a patient suffering from essential tremor, treatment with aminophylline resulted in complete and sustained remission of symptoms. This observation supports a central origin of essential tremor and suggests that brain nucleotides (cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cyclic guanosine monophosphate) may be important in the pathogenesis of this condition. PMID- 6623263 TI - Accurate placement of a lumbar epidural cannula without epidurograms. PMID- 6623262 TI - Changes in primary liver and esophageal cancer rates among black goldminers, 1964 1981. PMID- 6623264 TI - Albinism in blacks--aberrant circadian plasma immunoreactive melatonin levels. PMID- 6623265 TI - Geographical distribution of lung and stomach cancers in South Africa, 1968-1972. AB - The geographical distribution of lung and stomach cancer among three races in South Africa (Whites, Coloureds and Asians) has been investigated for the years 1968-1972, and the patterns of the occurrence of cases of cancer have been tested stochastically and mapped both separately and together. Information was not available for the Black population. Distinct differences in the distribution of lung and stomach cancer were found. Possible explanations for these differences are discussed. PMID- 6623266 TI - Antenatal screening for neural tube defects in South African blacks. AB - The place of antenatal screening for open neural tube defects is well established throughout the Western world. Alphafetoprotein assay, followed by amniocentesis in selected instances and the option of termination if proved necessary, is accepted as a means of attempting to minimize the many insoluble problems associated with the birth of children afflicted with spina bifida. Nowhere in South Africa is routine screening attempted in Black expectant mothers. The reasons for this are discussed and the feasibility of introducing a screening programme in the Durban area is evaluated. PMID- 6623267 TI - Identification and definition of the geriatric patient in a teaching hospital. AB - A consulting service in geriatric medicine was established at Groote Schuur Hospital on 1 November 1981. The first 100 patients referred were compared with 100 patients of 65 years of age and over, selected randomly from the wards from which the referrals were coming, with a view to identifying characteristics of the geriatric patient appropriate to local needs. The findings are discussed against a background of the requirements for adequate care of the elderly, the need to teach geriatric medicine to those whose functions include care of the elderly, and some of the wider social implications in ensuring as equitable a distribution of service as possible. In conclusion a definition of the geriatric patient is offered. PMID- 6623268 TI - Computerization in a clinical diagnostic laboratory--a luxury or a necessity? AB - The technological development of computers has made their use in laboratories not only practically feasible but also economically possible. Efficient service in terms of a direct improvement in patient care is an essential aim of all laboratories. The realization of this aim can be facilitated by the use of computers. PMID- 6623269 TI - Results of a comprehensive health survey in the Durbanville district, August - September 1980. AB - The results of a comprehensive health survey in the Durbanville district, apparently the first of its kind carried out in the Western Cape, are reported. It is shown that this type of investigation in a rural area is practical and possible. Factors making complete accuracy of the figures impossible were: (i) the fact that two separate operations were necessary, the first a 6-week pre survey investigation to determine general health profiles and the second the week long survey proper; (ii) the presence of a small migrant population resident outside the Durbanville area and fluctuations in the employee population; and (iii) the fact that the survey proper was carried out during a school vacation. PMID- 6623271 TI - Difficult intubation in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. A case report. AB - A 12-year-old White girl underwent bilateral extracapsular lens extraction. She was known to be suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. The peri-operative handling and anaesthetic implications are discussed. PMID- 6623270 TI - Pharyngeal injuries. A report on 2 cases. AB - Two patients incurred barotrauma to the pharynx by the explosion of soft-drink bottles into their mouths. The resultant effects on the pharynx (and in one case on the right lung) are described and guidelines are laid down for the approach to and treatment of these injuries. Both patients recovered, with an acceptable cosmetic and functional result. PMID- 6623273 TI - Criteria for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 6623272 TI - Adenotonsillectomy and obstructive sleep apnoea. PMID- 6623274 TI - Hyperglycemic emergencies in Soweto--countermeasures. PMID- 6623275 TI - The tolerability and efficacy of a 6-month antituberculosis regimen containing rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide. AB - The tolerability and efficacy of a 6-month daily regimen of rifampicin (RMP), isoniazid (INH) and pyrazinamide (PZA) were tested in 130 hospitalized patients, mostly Black, with previously untreated pulmonary tuberculosis. PZA was discontinued at the end of the 2nd month. In 6 cases treatment was discontinued because of drug intolerance. The symptoms were severe rash, mild thrombocytopenia, deteriorating haematological and renal condition and in the remaining 3 patients hyperbilirubinaemia. Of the 125 patients who could be assessed bacteriologically, 110 were infected with organisms which were fully susceptible to INH and RMP, and 95% of their cultures and 77% of their smears had converted to negative after 2 months of treatment. Similar results were obtained for all but 2 of the 15 patients with drug-resistant bacilli. Cavitation of the lungs was reduced in 78% of the patients and the extent of other tuberculous lesions diminished in 87%. PMID- 6623276 TI - Clinicopathological conference. A case of diarrhoea, lymphadenopathy and renal failure. PMID- 6623277 TI - Pointers to preventing hyperglycaemic emergencies in Soweto. AB - Sixty people with hyperglycaemia were admitted to Baragwanath Hospital as emergency patients during an 8-week study period in 1981, and one-quarter of them died in hospital. Many of these hyperglycaemic emergencies could have been prevented; 88% of the patients were known diabetics, one-third of whom required only oral hypoglycaemic agents for diabetic control. Sixty-one per cent of the patients had concomitant diseases, primarily infections. Earlier treatment might well have prevented deterioration of diabetic control, yet only 6% of the patients had attended the health services in the previous week in spite of recognizing that they were becoming progressively more ill. These patients were at high risk of subsequent admission, one-third of those discharged being readmitted within 3 months. Attendance compliance during a 3-month follow-up period was poor, and the discharged patients lacked the skills and knowledge necessary to maintain adequate diabetic control. One-quarter of those on insulin could not measure their dose correctly, most could not adequately test their urine and did not know what action to take if they had worsening symptoms of hyperglycaemia or developed intercurrent illness. Hyperglycaemic emergency admissions could be reduced by improving ambulatory diabetic services, thus saving costs of hospital care. Recommendations for improving the hospital service include maintaining a register of patients who have had hyperglycaemic emergencies and special care to ensure that they acquire the necessary knowledge and skills. Other methods of improving compliance regarding attendance and medication should be applied. These recommendations need to be implemented and their efficacy evaluated. PMID- 6623278 TI - [Initiation of a cure for kwashiorkor patients using a whey milk product. A comparison with cows milk]. AB - Whey milk, a side-product of cheese production, is not utilized for human nutrition. Whey protein is of good nutritional quality with a high biological value, exceeding that of whole-milk protein. A whey milk product consisting of liquid whey milk 60%, whole cow's milk 40% and skimmed milk powder 0.5% was mixed, spray-dried and prepared in instant form. After reconstitution with water, it was compared with sterilized whole cow's milk for the initiation of cure in 30 acute kwashiorkor patients randomly allocated to the two feeds. The diets were given for 3 weeks. There were no statistically significant differences between the two diets with regard to weight gain or levels of serum albumin, globulin, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, urea or haemoglobin. Judging from this limited investigation, whey milk deserves consideration for human utilization. Should economical production be possible, it could contribute towards preventing and treating protein energy malnutrition. PMID- 6623279 TI - Socio-economic status and use of contraceptives among unmarried primigravidas in Cape Town. AB - Unmarried primigravidas were interviewed with regard to their socio-economic status and knowledge and use of contraceptives. The majority were teenagers and were socio-economically ill-equipped to raise a child, although families were generally supportive. They were ignorant of the relationship between sexual intercourse, pregnancy and contraception. Family-planning advice was generally not available to these women. Methods for improving education in contraception and the advantages of the condom as a method of contraception for unmarried couples are discussed. PMID- 6623280 TI - Guidance given by the Student Advisory Service at the Medical University of Southern Africa. AB - Over the past 20 years services for student guidance and advice at tertiary level have become common at most South African universities. The founders of the Medical University of Southern Africa (MEDUNSA) recognized the importance of such a service and a Student Advisory Service was instituted at the inception of the University in 1977. This service has played a significant role in assisting students to overcome financial, academic and social problems by performing a facilitative, preventative and remedial function. In addition, research projects concerning acute problems are carried out and the results are used to prevent and solve short-term problems and for long-term planning. PMID- 6623281 TI - Bacterial endocarditis due to an infected peritoneal dialysis catheter. A case report. AB - The diagnosis of infective endocarditis may be difficult in the patient with renal failure. The usual source of infection is a septic vascular access site. We present a case in which endocarditis developed from an infected peritoneal dialysis catheter. PMID- 6623282 TI - Treatment of scorpion sting. PMID- 6623283 TI - Metoclopramide-induced dysarthria. PMID- 6623284 TI - Maternal glycosylated haemoglobin values after delivery of large infants and unexplained stillbirths. AB - Glycosylated haemoglobin (Hb A1) values were estimated immediately after delivery in 29 patients who had given birth to a large infant, in 25 who had delivered a macerated stillborn infant, and in 31 controls matched for age and parity. No difference in mean Hb A1 values was found between mothers of normal-sized and of large infants. The mean Hb A1 level for the mothers who had delivered a macerated stillborn infant was higher than that for the control group (8,26% v. 7,65%). Although this was not statistically significant, there were 5 patients with a raised Hb A1 value and a normal glucose tolerance test result; this may suggest gestational diabetes. PMID- 6623285 TI - The importance of a scoring system for positive contraction stress tests. AB - A scoring system based on the basal fetal heart rate (FHR), accelerations, decelerations, and amplitude and frequency of variation was developed to evaluate positive contraction stress tests more accurately. Retrospective analysis and scoring was carried out on 149 patients who had had positive contraction stress tests (repeated late decelerations during spontaneous or induced uterine contractions). Five-minute Apgar scores were low in 35% of patients with low FHR scores but in only 18% when the FHR score was not low (P less than 0,05). When the FHR score was low 66% of neonates were growth-retarded, as opposed to 38% when the score was not low (P less than 0,01). The prevalence of intra-uterine growth retardation decreased as the FHR score improved. A wider fluctuation of subscores for each 5-minute period was associated with better fetal outcome than in patients who had fixed subscores. FHR scores below 4 were associated with high fetal mortality and prevalence of growth retardation. PMID- 6623286 TI - The cervical stump. AB - A retrospective series of 18 patients with a cervical stump is presented. Of the 12 patients who were followed up, all but one had a clinical indication for cervicectomy. Elective cervicectomy 2-3 months after subtotal hysterectomy is recommended. PMID- 6623287 TI - Coital injuries of the vagina in non-virginal patients. AB - A series of 19 non-virginal patients who sustained vaginal injuries during normal coitus is presented. Twelve were between 16 and 25 years of age and 5 were older than 45 years. All presented with profuse or prolonged vaginal bleeding. The initial diagnosis was frequently wrong because a history of injury was not forthcoming and visualization of the lesion was obscured by the bleeding. The possibility of such trauma should be kept in mind; digital examination confirms the diagnosis. Prompt surgical suturing under general anaesthesia is required to control the haemorrhage. PMID- 6623289 TI - Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm and horseshoe kidney. A case report. AB - A patient with a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm associated with a horseshoe kidney is reported on. The treatment included aneurysmectomy and insertion of an aortic Dacron prosthesis without division of the isthmus of the kidney. The postoperative course was complicated by a stroke and mild renal failure, but the patient made excellent progress and was discharged from hospital 1 month after admission. PMID- 6623288 TI - Progression of vulval carcinoma in situ. A case report. AB - A case of multicentric vulval carcinoma in situ which progressed to invasive carcinoma over a 1-year period is presented. Various aspects of this disease and different modalities of treatment are discussed. PMID- 6623290 TI - Carbon monoxide poisoning. Report of a case with 1-year computed tomographic follow-up. AB - A case of acute carbon monoxide poisoning with 1-year computed tomographic follow up is presented. The typical initial bilateral symmetrical low-density areas in the basal ganglia were found to have decreased markedly in size in the latter scan. These appearances coincided with the initial early oedematous phase of infarction ending in the late permanent necrotic stage. PMID- 6623291 TI - [Loss of the Y chromosome in hematologic disorders. Possible significance]. PMID- 6623292 TI - [Preeminence of oncohematologic processes in hematology. Analysis of their incidence in 3 Spanish National Institute of Health hospitals]. PMID- 6623293 TI - [Microcytosis screening in the search for carriers of the beta-thalassemia gene. II. Incidence of beta thalassemia in the Bay of Cadiz]. PMID- 6623294 TI - [Lymphocyte populations in hemophilia A and B. Relation to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and therapeutic implications]. PMID- 6623295 TI - [Association of Hb Lepore Boston and beta-+ thalassemia in a Spanish family]. PMID- 6623296 TI - [Burkitt-type lymphoblastic leukemia in Hodgkin's disease in remission]. PMID- 6623297 TI - [Leukemic hypopyon in a patient in hematologic remission of acute leukemia]. PMID- 6623298 TI - [Erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency: hemolytic anemia in a heterozygote]. PMID- 6623299 TI - [Appearance of refractory anemia with nuclear dysplasia and erythroblastic PAS positivity in chronic lymphatic leukemia]. PMID- 6623300 TI - [Immunohematology and the blood bank. The erythrocyte series. Abstracts of the national meeting of the Asociacion Espanola de Hematologia y Hemoterapia November 1982]. PMID- 6623301 TI - Developing responsiveness to the health needs of Hispanic children and families. AB - Admission to a tertiary care pediatric hospital is a stressful experience for the Hispanic child and family. The stress partially stems from the institutional barriers that conflict with the psycho-social needs of Hispanic families. This article identifies six psycho-social needs of Hispanics and examines related risks for coping disturbances encountered during the hospitalization process. These risks can be reduced by increasing health providers' understanding of the psycho-social needs of Hispanics and by specifying culturally appropriate interventions. The development of cross-cultural committees, protocols and hospital based Hispanic self-help networks represent distinct modalities for improving responsiveness to the health needs of Hispanic families in a hospital setting. PMID- 6623302 TI - Attitudes in the provision of public sector health and mental health care. AB - The development of comprehensive health and mental health services depends on a number of factors. One overlooked factor, especially for the public sector, seems to be the attitudes of the health care providers. In an attempt to address this and related issues, the Houston Consortium was designed as a prototype training model. As part of that endeavor, the attitudes of mental health trainees toward the poor, interdisciplinary interaction, and community mental health were assessed. While the ethnic identity of the students had some influence, the major findings concerned the discipline of the students. Social work students, in particular, seemed to possess or be able to develop attitudes relevant to a prominent role in primary health care. PMID- 6623303 TI - Impact of cancer on sexuality and self-image: a group program for patients and partners. AB - The diagnosis and treatment of cancer typically forces patients to cope with concerns about self-image, sexual identity, and sexual functioning. For such patients and their partners, the interface between health, mental health, and sexuality is critical. This article reviews the relevant literature, describes a hospital-based group educational program that deals with sexuality and self image, provides information on the patients' response to the program, and sets forth recommendations for service delivery. PMID- 6623304 TI - Developmental crisis in adolescents following severe head injury. AB - Severe head injury causes significant health and social problems. Among adolescents and young adults such trauma is particularly devastating in that developmental progress is halted and prolonged dependency engendered. It is important for social workers to understand the dynamics of this process in order to help such patients and their families cope with their long-term consequences. Common sequelae of severe head injury are outlined, and various approaches to intervention suggested. PMID- 6623305 TI - The professional connection with self-help groups in health care settings. AB - The growth of self-help groups relating to health and mental health agencies has been a significant phenomenon of the past decade. Self-help groups offer important benefits to their members as they provide a structure for mutual aid and support and a forum for social/legislative action around a felt social problem. As therapeutic and physical extenders of services they are of significance to professional providers. This paper provides a framework for the professional social worker to view the self-help phenomenon, presents a typology of self-help groups relating to health care agencies, and describes the role of social work in several self-help groups. PMID- 6623306 TI - Family therapy in the treatment of alcoholism. AB - The disease of alcoholism has long been known to significantly affect family relationships. Nevertheless, the characteristics and needs of these families are frequently not well understood, and treatment of the alcoholic in isolation continues to remain the norm. Family systems theory can provide a framework for comprehensive diagnosis and treatment which recognizes and addresses alcoholism as a family disease. PMID- 6623307 TI - "What next?": an educational program for parents of newborns. AB - A community agency, a volunteer group and a hospital staff collaborated to provide a hospital based education program for parents of newborns. The program rationale, design, development, and evaluation are presented. "What next?" represents a family life education program which seeks to alleviate the normal stresses of becoming a parent. In a supportive small group hospital setting, trained volunteers provide parents with information about post partum adjustments, child development, parenting and community resources. Experience indicates that this is a replicable program. PMID- 6623308 TI - Neuropsychological deficit in chronic alcoholism: early detection and prediction by analysis of verbal behavior. AB - The content analysis of five-minute speech samples obtained from detoxified chronic alcoholic patients is a valid test for measuring cognitive impairment during the course of treatment. Such cognitive impairment scores six months after hospital discharge can be predicted using the variables of age, educational level, certain drinking patterns and cognitive impairment scores at the time of hospital admission. Patients who abstain for six months following hospital discharge have less cognitive impairment than those patients who resume drinking. PMID- 6623309 TI - Effect of mitochondrial dosage on transfer of chloramphenicol resistance. AB - Enucleated chloramphenicol-resistant (CAPr) AMT cytoplasts were labeled with the mitochondrial-specific fluorophore rhodamine 123 (R-123) and fused to CAP sensitive (CAPs) 984 whole cells. Using the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS), the cybrids were separated on the basis of the amount of CAPr donor mitochondria which they received. The cybrids were then selected in the presence of various concentrations of CAP to examine the effect of donor mitochondrial dosage on the transfer of CAP resistance. Those cybrids which received the greatest amount of CAPr mitochondria (as determined using the FACS) were found to be approximately 3-fold more resistant to CAP selection than cybrids which had received fewer donor mitochondria. In addition, those cybrids which initially received the greatest CAPr mitochondrial dosage remained more stably resistant to subsequent selection in CAP. These results indicate that the amount of donor mitochondria the cybrid receives may be important in determining the expression of mitochondrial specific markers. PMID- 6623310 TI - Further studies on a hybrid cell-surface antigen associated with human chromosome 11 using a monoclonal antibody. AB - A monoclonal antibody has been obtained that recognizes an antigen encoded by human chromosome 11. We present evidence that this monoclonal antibody recognizes the same or a similar antigenic activity as that previously called a1. Genetic information necessary for a1 expression and recognition by the monoclonal antibody both map to 11p13 leads to 11pter. Mutants that have lost a1 are no longer recognized by the monoclonal antibody. The macroglycolipid fraction of human erythrocyte membranes which contains the a1 antigenic activity is able to convert antigen-negative Chinese hamster ovary cells into cells which are killed by the monoclonal antibody plus complement. PMID- 6623311 TI - Dominant and recessive aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase-deficient mutants of mouse hepatoma line, Hepa-1, and assignment of recessive mutants to three complementation groups. AB - Fifty-four benzo[a]pyrene (BP)-resistant, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) deficient mutants were found to be recessive, while five were dominant. Hybrids between the former mutants and the wild-type were killed by BP, and possessed AHH activities of at least 0.5 (relative to the wild-type). Dominant-mutant--wild type hybrids were resistant to BP and had activities of about 0.05. Additional experiments assigned the recessive mutants to three complementation groups, designated A through C. Group-B--group-C hybrids were exceptional in possessing a mean AHH activity (0.36), less than the value (0.5) expected from gene dosage. This deficiency was probably due, in part, to instability of AHH activity in these hybrids. However, all hybrids tested retained stable DNA complements, equal to the sum of those of their parents, for 140 days in culture. Previous studies have shown that group B and group C mutations both affect the functioning of a cytosolic receptor required for AHH induction (1). PMID- 6623312 TI - A simple method for premature chromosome condensation induction in primary human and rodent cells using polyethylene glycol. AB - Even though polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been shown to be a potent fusogen, it has not been widely exploited as an alternative to the Sendai virus for premature chromosome condensation (PCC) induction. A simple, rapid, and reproducible PEG protocol for primary cells in suspension is presented which allows satisfactory cell fusion and PCC indices, giving at the same time high cell viability and low giant, multinucleated cell formation. Technical details for PEG-mediated fusion and premature chromosome condensation induction in human and rat lymphocytes, rodent spleen cells, and spleen and whole body cells of newborn mice are provided. Further applications of the method are suggested. PMID- 6623313 TI - Lectin-resistant CHO cells: selection of new mutant phenotypes. AB - Cytotoxic plant lectins select for mutants which exhibit unique structural changes in surface carbohydrates reflecting specific defects in glycosylation reactions. However, lectins are not highly specific selective agents and, as a result, only the most frequently occurring mutants are obtained from single lectin selections. We have previously shown that the specificity of lectin selections may be improved by utilizing a combination of lectins added together or sequentially. This strategy has now been further exploited in the search for novel lectin-resistant mutants of Chinese hamster ovary cells. Five new LecR phenotypes have been uncovered. One belongs to a new, recessive complementation group, two behave dominantly in somatic cell hybrids, and the remaining two appear to represent new phenotypes which fall into previously described complementation groups. PMID- 6623314 TI - Human chromosome 11 carries at least four genes controlling expression of cell surface antigens. AB - We have mapped two new genes to chromosome 11 which control the cell-surface expression of two distinct antigens defined by monoclonal antibodies. One of the antigens has a general tissue distribution and is associated with a molecular complex of two polypeptides of 80,000 dalton and 40,000 dalton molecular weight. The second antigen has a restricted tissue distribution and is carried on a polypeptide of 100,000 daltons. We have used a combination of genetic and biochemical techniques to demonstrate that these new markers are distinct from the antigens defined by the monoclonal antibodies F10.44.2 and W6/34 which are also encoded by genes on chromosome 11. It is concluded that human chromosome 11 carries at least four distinct genes controlling cell-surface antigen expression. PMID- 6623315 TI - The religious professional's contribution to health care. PMID- 6623316 TI - Restorative rectal resection: the endoanal technique. PMID- 6623317 TI - Operative ultrasonography. PMID- 6623318 TI - The role of surgery for chronic pancreatitis and its complications. AB - Chronic alcoholism is the etiologic factor leading to most instances of chronic pancreatitis and its complications. Impairment of exocrine and endocrine function parallels the severity of the chronic pancreatitis. Ultrasound and CT scan are the most accurate tests for the identification of gross anatomic changes in the pancreas. ERCP is critical in the evaluation of pancreatic ductal anatomy. Severe, persistent abdominal and back pain requiring narcotics is significantly relieved in approximately 80 percent of patients receiving a pancreatic drainage operation. Pancreatic resection is an acceptable alternative procedure if pancreatic ductal dilation is absent or if the disease is concentrated in the body and tail of the pancreas. A high incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes remains the main drawback of pancreatic resection, a problem often difficult to manage in the alcoholic. Late mortality is high, and is primarily related to diseases associated with chronic alcoholism. Internal drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts is favored whenever possible. If the contents of the pseudocyst are infected or the cyst walls are immature, external drainage is indicated. Resection of the pseudocyst and the contiguous pancreas effectively treats the pseudocyst but at the price of higher morbidity and mortality. The role of percutaneous aspiration of pseudocysts has not yet been adequately tested. The correction of pancreatic ascites and pancreatic pleural effusions is directed at internal drainage or resection of the leaking pseudocyst or disrupted pancreatic duct. Additional complications involving the biliary tract and gastrointestinal tract require an individual approach based on the site and cause of the problem. Generally, treatment is directed initially at the pseudocyst, if one is present. On the other hand, if biliary or gastrointestinal tract obstruction is secondary to long-standing chronic pancreatitis, a bypass procedure will probably be necessary to correct the problem. PMID- 6623319 TI - The decline and fall of the jejunoileal bypass. AB - With the obvious failure of nonoperative means of producing permanent weight reduction in patients with morbid obesity, operative approaches have become popular. In the late 1960's and early 1970's, jejunoileal bypass was shown to produce permanent weight reduction and became the most performed operation. However, as the patients were observed for a long term, many untoward complications became evident. The most serious complication of liver disease and even liver failure with fatalities was observed and has accounted for 91 reported deaths following jejunoileal bypass. Other complications include severe electrolyte imbalance, requiring frequent rehospitalization of the patient; renal calculi which is related to excess oxalate absorption; arthritis which is probably secondary to complement activation of high molecular weight immune complexes formed in response to the absorption of bacterial antigens; cholelithiasis which is related to reduced bile salts; a variety of intestinal difficulties, such as bypass enteritis, and pseudo-obstruction of the colon; osteomalacia and decreased bone mineral content; failure in absorption of some medications and fat-soluble vitamins, and most recently, the possibility of induced carcinoma of the colon. Because of these many complications, it is suggested that the jejunoileal bypass is not an appropriate operation for morbidly obese patients and should be abandoned. PMID- 6623320 TI - A new method of management using the Kim-Ray Greenfield filter for deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in spinal cord injury. AB - In this study, it is documented that the proper location of the Kim-Ray Greenfield filter offers excellent protection against PE in patients with SCI and DVT. The device has been associated with thrombosis of the IVC in two of 21 patients, and the thrombosis was well tolerated. The incidence of complications has been quite low. We believe that this is a most acceptable method of managing patients with SCI and DVT or PE when heparin is either inadequate or contraindicated. PMID- 6623321 TI - Prevention of intestinal infarction resulting from mesenteric arterial occlusive disease. AB - We studied 25 patients with acute intestinal ischemia resulting from arteriosclerotic mesenteric occlusion requiring surgical exploration. Their symptoms were inconspicuous but diagnostically significant. Progressive loss of body weight and symptoms mimicking peptic ulcer disease or cholecystitis were consistent findings. Delay and oversight in the clinical diagnosis resulted in an 80 per cent mortality. We stressed that awareness of possible mesenteric arteriosclerosis in patients with ill-defined gastrointestinal symptoms and weight loss is critical to diagnosis, and early aortography done in the lateral position will define superior mesenteric arterial lesions. Early surgical corrective measures can then be instituted to remedy this critical and often fatal condition. PMID- 6623322 TI - Surgical treatment of renal hyperparathyroidism. AB - Renal hyperparathyroidism can be a major clinical problem in those receiving dialysis treatment and in those having renal transplants. This review of 66 patients during a five year period has led us to believe that laboratory data are useful for confirming the clinical diagnosis or for following the outcome of medical or surgical therapy. The screening for renal hyperparathyroidism should be on clinical grounds and not on isolated biochemical tests. All patients with renal failure, whether receiving dialysis therapy or renal transplantation, are at risk for having renal hyperparathyroidism develop. A careful assessment of the clinical and biochemical data is required to ensure proper patient selection for operation. Bone disease and persistent pruritus unresponsive to medical management remain the principle clinical indications for operation. Our preferred procedure is the standard subtotal parathyroidectomy. PMID- 6623323 TI - Carcinoma of the colon and rectum in patients less than 40 years of age. AB - Thirty-one patients less than 40 years of age with carcinoma of the colon were treated at this hospital during the ten years between 1968 and 1978. This accounted for 3.6 per cent of the total number of patients with carcinoma of the colon and rectum seen during this period. Pain, rectal bleeding, change in intestinal habits and weight loss were the most common presenting symptoms. The average delay between the onset of symptoms and treatment was 6.4 months. Mucin producing and poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas were present in 49 per cent of the patients in this study. Metastases to the ovaries occurred in 23 per cent of the female patients. The five year survival rate was only 22 per cent. The importance of early diagnosis and treatment and, in the female patient, of oophorectomy is emphasized. PMID- 6623324 TI - The effect of incisional infiltration of bupivacaine hydrochloride upon pulmonary functions, atelectasis and narcotic need following elective cholecystectomy. AB - Forty randomly selected patients admitted for elective cholecystectomy were entered into the study after they have given informed consent. Arterial blood gas analysis, FVC and FEV1 were measured preoperatively and on the second postoperative day. Preoperatively and on the third postoperative day, roentgenograms of the chest were obtained. The frequency of administration of narcotics was recorded through day 3. The double-blind method selected 17 patients for infiltration of 50 milliliters of 0.25 per cent bupivacaine hydrochloride into the wound and 23 patients for infiltration of 50 milliliters of normal saline solution at the time of closure of the incision. In the saline solution group, postoperative FVC and FEV1 values were only 50 per cent of the preoperative levels (p less than 0.005), while in the bupivacaine hydrochloride group, the FEV1 value was 72 per cent of the preoperative values (p less than 0.05) and the FVC, 78 per cent (p less than 0.05). Roentgenographic evidence of atelectasis occurred postoperatively in four patients of the saline solution group and in only nine patients of the bupivacaine hydrochloride group (p less than 0.001). The saline solution group required 10.8 doses of narcotic through day 3 in contrast with 6.5 doses for the bupivacaine hydrochloride group (p less than 0.05). The hospital stay was 6.6 days for those in the saline solution group and 5.9 days for those in the bupivacaine hydrochloride group (p value, not significant). No complications occurred. Intraoperative infiltration of bupivacaine hydrochloride into the wound improves pulmonary function, reduces the incidence of atelectases and lessens the use of narcotics following cholecystectomy. PMID- 6623325 TI - Surgical treatment of bronchobiliary fistulas. AB - We have reviewed our experience with thoracobiliary fistulas due to biliary tract disease. Early diagnosis and treatment of subphrenic abscesses and bile duct obstruction will decrease the incidence of these fistulas. Once established, relief of biliary obstruction, subphrenic drainage, excision of the fistulous tract and appropriate supportive measures will decrease the morbidity rate and mortality of this rare but distressing condition. In our series, all of the patients ultimately had relief of the symptoms. There was no mortality. PMID- 6623326 TI - Intraoperative antibiotic wound irrigation. AB - Postoperatively, wound infections in arterial procedures may have calamitous consequences with loss of limb and of life and is associated with significant financial, physical and emotional upsets by patients. Good surgical technique carried out in a clean operating room and hospital environment has a postoperative rate of wound infection of 1 to 5 per cent. By using intermittent intraoperative antibiotic wound irrigation, the postoperative rate of wound infection can be reduced to the vanishing point, that is, 0.1 per cent. PMID- 6623327 TI - Pancreatoduodenectomy for resectable malignant periampullary tumors. AB - The results of all 53 pancreatoduodenectomies performed at one hospital were reviewed for operative mortality, accuracy of operative diagnosis and long term survival. Although carcinomas of the ampulla are much more rare than those of the pancreas, the number of patients in our operative series with adenocarcinoma of the ampulla approached the number with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, indicating that only those with small, early lesions of the head of the pancreas were considered to be appropriate candidates for pancreatoduodenectomy. Six of the 21 patients with carcinomas of the pancreas had histologically favorable tumors (three papillary adenocarcinomas, two cystadenocarcinomas and one islet cell carcinoma), although only one of these was correctly diagnosed preoperatively or intraoperatively. Eight patients had benign conditions, half of whom underwent planned resections for chronic pancreatitis. The over-all operative mortality for our series was 13.2 per cent. The operative diagnosis was incorrect in seven patients. Excluding cystadenocarcinomas and islet cell carcinomas, four patients with carcinoma of the pancreas survived five years and six patients with carcinoma of the ampulla survived five years, with corresponding survival periods of 2.5 and 5.1 years following pancreatoduodenectomy. We conclude that: 1, pancreatoduodenectomy should be used in a highly selective manner by surgeons experienced with such operations; 2, the high diagnostic error rate and the occurrence of histologically favorable tumors of the pancreas make the arbitrary exclusion of all tumors of the pancreas for resectional therapy an unsound policy, and 3, pancreatoduodenectomy remains the best therapy for resectable tumors of the periampullary region. PMID- 6623328 TI - A subfascial stent for Hesselbach's triangle and difficult fascial closures. AB - The fascial closure of a hernial repair is occasionally made difficult because of protruding hernial contents or properitoneal fat. A technique using a balloon catheter in the subfascial position is described. PMID- 6623330 TI - A new inflatable T tube for completion cholangiography. AB - A new inflatable T tube has been designed and used in the performance of completion cholangiography following exploration of the common bile duct. The T tube has proved to be useful in avoiding the time delays and frustrations associated with suturing, removal and resuturing of T tubes during identification and removal of common bile duct stones. Furthermore, after clearance of the common bile duct of stones, the inflatable T tube may be left in the common bile duct for the purpose of drainage and postoperative cholangiograms. Finally, the T tube is of sufficient size (14F) to allow any possible postoperative roentgenographic extraction procedures to be done. PMID- 6623331 TI - Controlling the size of the gastrojejunostomy stoma in gastric bypass operations. AB - A rapid, reproducible method for creating a precisely controlled, small gastrojejunostomy for the gastric bypass outlet stoma has been presented herein. PMID- 6623329 TI - Diaphragmatic peritoneal biopsy. AB - For the past two years, this technique has been used without complications in all patients in whom direct or random biopsies of the diaphragmatic peritoneal surfaces are indicated. Several advantages of this technique include: 1, specimens taken for biopsy from all peritoneal surfaces, including infracolic and pelvic, can be easily obtained in this manner; 2, surgical clips are inert, hemostatic and easy to apply; 3, in reassessment operations, previously placed clips lead the surgeon to areas where implants or occult metastases were initially found, and 4, the clips could potentially serve as anatomic markers in planning adjuvant treatment, especially irradiation therapy. PMID- 6623332 TI - Meltzer-Lyon test simultaneous with fiberoptic gastroduodenoscopy. AB - We have found that performing a Meltzer-Lyon test simultaneously with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is an efficient as well as accurate technique for diagnosing acalculous cholecystitis. For the patient with upper abdominal pain and normal contrast and sonographic studies, endoscopy is often the next logical step in diagnosis. When the results of endoscopy do not reveal a source of upper abdominal pain, one can proceed directly to a Meltzer-Lyon test. Early diagnosis and cost containment are the obvious advantages of this procedure. The reliability of the Meltzer-Lyon test justifies the additional five to ten minutes of endoscopic time in these diagnostically challenging patients. PMID- 6623333 TI - New embolization method using estrogen: effect of estrogen on microcirculation. AB - To ascertain the mechanism of action of estrogen administered by a new embolization method, developed by the authors as a treatment method for dural arteriovenous malformations, conjugated estrogens were injected into the mesenteric artery of rabbits, and microcirculatory changes in the dominant areas were studied biomicroscopically. Conjugated estrogen induced sludging and stasis in the microcirculation, approximately in proportion to the concentration and dose. PMID- 6623334 TI - Selective percutaneous thermolesions of the ninth cranial nerve by lateral cervical approach: report of eight cases. AB - Percutaneous radiofrequency thermolesion of the petrous ganglion at the jugular foramen was employed for the treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia in eight cases, three with essential and five with symptomatic pain from oropharyngeal cancer. Because of its technical simplicity, the lateral cervical approach was preferred to the anterior lateral approach. Immediate and subsequent surgical results were satisfactory. No neurological complication was noted, except for transitory bradycardia and hypotension during the procedure. PMID- 6623335 TI - Hemorrhage into pituitary adenomas. AB - The clinical and pathologic features of pituitary apoplexy were evaluated within the last 100 consecutive pituitary tumors surgically treated at this institution. From this group, ten tumor specimens exhibited pathologically verifiable hemorrhagic necrosis, including six with classic apoplectic onset; the hemorrhage in four patients was asymmetric. The tumors of symptomatic patients were large, with suprasellar and parasellar extension readily identifiable by neuroradiologic examination. All tumors within this group were chromophobic adenomas by light microscopy, and each of these tumors microscopically exhibited a sinusoidal arrangement with very prominent vascularity. Comparatively, those tumors with asymptomatic hemorrhage were all intrasellar and were encountered in younger patients who had exhibited prior endocrine disturbances. By light microscopy, two of these asymptomatic lesions were chromophobic and two were acidophilic adenomas. In contrast with larger tumors, however, increased vascularity or sinusoidal patterns were not a prominent feature within this group. Our experience suggests hemorrhage within pituitary tumors is a common event, but symptomatic bleeding generally occurs in older patients whose larger tumors contain a pathologic vascular predisposition. Urgent surgical decompression (usually transsphenoidal) in symptomatic patients produced great neurologic improvement in each case. PMID- 6623336 TI - Obstructive hydrocephalus caused by a growing, giant aneurysm on the upper basilar artery. AB - We describe the case of a giant aneurysm on the basilar artery not treated surgically after the first subarachnoid hemorrhage causing obstructive hydrocephalus 12 years later by growing. The problems of pathogenesis of growing aneurysms are discussed. PMID- 6623337 TI - Multiple pseudomeningoceles enlarging within vertebral bodies. AB - A case of spinal meningocele is reported in which erosion of adjacent vertebral bodies and stretching of some roots coexisted. The neurological picture cleared after neurolysis and repair of the anterior thecal continuity. PMID- 6623338 TI - Meningitis caused by Flavobacterium meningosepticum after transsphenoidal hypophysectomy with recovery. AB - Adult meningitis caused by Flavobacterium meningosepticum is rare. Five cases have been reported in the literature. The case reported herein developed in a woman after a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy. The isolate was resistant to erythromycin. Treatment with oral rifampicin combined with intravenous chloramphenicol and cefoperazone resulted in complete recovery. PMID- 6623339 TI - The relative roles of neurological examination, functional abilities, and computed tomography in the definition of treatment failure in patients with anaplastic gliomas. AB - Forty-one patients with anaplastic gliomas undergoing postoperative treatment and evaluation underwent bimonthly evaluation of the following indices of treatment failure: neurological examination; Karnofsky functional rating; and computed tomography (CT) brain scanning. Treatment failure was declared when neurological examination or Karnofsky rating showed increased impairment or when CT scan revealed an increase in tumor sizes. Most often, all three indices simultaneously indicated treatment failure. In only 6 of 41 cases the CT scan alone was the first indication of treatment failure. During the first 6 months of follow-up, tumor enlargement on CT scan as a sole index of treatment failure occurred in only 3 of 26 cases that showed evidence of treatment failure during that time. For patients with glioblastoma, about 6% of treatment failures within 6 months are predicted to be missed by Karnofsky rating plus neurological examination, whereas CT scan alone is predicted to miss about 30%. It would seem reasonable to rely on the neurological examination and Karnofsky rating for follow-up during the first 6 months after surgery, without routine serial CT scanning during that time. PMID- 6623340 TI - Spontaneous migration of a bullet in the central nervous system. AB - An example of spontaneous migration of a metallic foreign body within the subarachnoid space is illustrated. An intracranial bullet is shown to move within the cisterns of the posterior fossa and then down the subarachnoid space of the spinal canal. The patient's symptoms correlate well with the movement of the foreign body. PMID- 6623342 TI - A new technique for making cortical incisions with minimal damage to cerebral tissue. AB - A new technique is described that minimizes the damage to neural tissues caused by the cortical incisions that must be made when operating on intracerebral or intraventricular lesions. Symmetric cortical incisions were made bilaterally in the same region of the middle suprasylvian gyrus in six dogs. Blunt dissection was performed on the right side. A new technique, which utilizes a balloon catheter, was employed on the left side. A greater hemiparesis was observed on the left side in all dogs. There was a mild but definite hemiparesis on the right side in four dogs, which improved within 2-3 days postoperatively. The dogs were killed on the sixth postoperative day. The Fink-Heimer technique for selective staining of degenerating axons and their terminal boutons was used to determine the extent of neuronal damage. Histologic studies support clinical observations in the experimental animal that the neural damage resulting from cortical incision is significantly decreased when the balloon catheter technique is applied. PMID- 6623341 TI - Meningiomas of Meckel's cave. AB - Meningiomas of Meckel's cave are unusual. Forty-six cases of this tumor are described in the literature and two others are reported in this paper. Symptomatology frequently begins with typical or atypical trigeminal neuralgia; when no other signs are associated, diagnosis of the tumor is difficult. Total removal of the tumor results in a complete relief of symptoms, and no other therapy for pain is necessary. PMID- 6623344 TI - Encephaloarteriosynangiosis in the treatment of chronic cerebral ischemia: preliminary report based on 30 cases. AB - A new surgical technique for the treatment of cerebral ischemia is reported. A scalp artery is freed and placed in contact with the cerebral cortex after craniotomy and opening of the dura mater. Thirty such operations have been performed over a period of 2 years. An analysis of the results, advantages and disadvantages, and indications for this type of surgery is given. PMID- 6623343 TI - Clinical and electrophysiologic recovery in Arnold-Chiari malformation. AB - The case of a 16-year-old boy with occipital headache, diplopia, ataxia, and weakness in the lower extremities of 1-month duration is reported. Slowness of mentation, speech, and motor action was also present. Massive chronic hydrocephalus was indicated by an enlarged head. The prominent clinical features suggested involvement of the brainstem, and contrast studies showed compression of the brainstem and a filling defect posteriorly at C1-2. Brainstem auditory evoked potential latency suggested bilateral lesions of the brainstem. Posterior fossa decompression confirmed the presence of an Arnold-Chiari malformation, with the cerebellar tonsils as low as C-3. The fourth ventricle was microdissected and opened. Remarkable clinical and evoked potential recovery ensued over several months. Clinical-anatomic and anatomic-physiologic correlations in Arnold-Chiari malformation are discussed. PMID- 6623345 TI - Rat pituitary adenoma and hyperplasia induced by caffeine administration. AB - The effect of caffeine by oral administration on female Wistar rats was studied for 12 months. High concentrations (2000 micrograms/mL) of caffeine caused a decrease in body weight and an increase in the weight of the pituitary gland in these rats. Increased pituitary weight was caused by the growth of a pituitary adenoma or hyperplasia. Pituitary adenomas and instances of hyperplasia were found in 27 of the 40 rats in the caffeine group, compared to 9 of the 30 rats in the control group. The histologic classification used was microadenoma, papillary (or sinusoidal) macroadenoma, and diffuse macroadenomas. These adenomas appeared to be endocrinologically nonfunctioning. PMID- 6623346 TI - Cerebral toxoplasmosis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - Patients suffering from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are being encountered more and more frequently. Because of their immunosuppressed state, they often present with opportunistic infections of the cerebrum. Herein, the case of a patient with AIDS who had cerebral toxoplasmosis is reported. Although the computed tomographic features are nonspecific for cerebral toxoplasmosis, they are interesting because of the considerable variation in type of enhancement and extent of lesions revealed by injection of contrast medium. PMID- 6623347 TI - Accident death toll in 1982. PMID- 6623348 TI - Life expectancy in the United States. PMID- 6623349 TI - Disability among Metropolitan employees in 1980-81. PMID- 6623350 TI - 1983 metropolitan height and weight tables. PMID- 6623351 TI - Macrodacryocystography and echography in diagnosis of disorders of the lacrimal pathways. AB - The comparative advantages and limitations of macrodacryocystography and echography for evaluating disorders of the lacrimal system are discussed and illustrated. In our opinion, macrodacryocystography is superior to ultrasonography in identifying the site and the nature of anatomical and functional abnormalities and in evaluating the effectiveness of treatment after surgery. Echography, however, is particularly useful in the study of the lacrimal sac, especially if an occlusion of the common canaliculus prevents filling of the lacrimal sac, thus ruling out macrodacryocystography. PMID- 6623352 TI - Progressive visual loss. What type of mass lesion? PMID- 6623353 TI - Effect of radiofrequency hyperthermia and chemotherapy on primary and secondary hepatic malignancies when used with metronidazole. AB - Hyperthermia is selectively toxic to neoplastic tissue. Since August 1981, 357 patients with incurable tumors in various body areas have been treated with chemotherapy and radiofrequency hyperthermia (RFHT) with adjuvant metronidazole at this center. Of this group, the cases of 102 patients with hepatic tumors are reported here. Patients received one to ten treatment courses, each course consisting of two to five daily RFHT sessions. Systemic temperature rose 0.6 +/- 0.3 degrees C during treatment, and tumor core temperature (measured by percutaneous transhepatic thermistor) reached 39.5 +/- 1.2 degrees C in 38 monitored patients. Results have been encouraging; in particular, among 15 patients with newly diagnosed colorectal metastases limited to the liver (and as yet untreated for their secondary disease), there has been objective partial tumor regression in 66.7%. Side effects have been few. Skin burns and subcutaneous fat necrosis were seen in 3.9% and 13.7% of patients, respectively. Tumor temperature is difficult to measure reliably and does not correlate with machine power or tumor response. A phase III trial is currently underway to determine the efficacy of RFHT and chemotherapy for patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal adenocarcinoma. PMID- 6623355 TI - Increased risk of malignancy and uterine disease following perimenarchal hospitalization: an estrogen window effect. AB - The estrogen window hypothesis postulates that tumor induction by environmental carcinogens is facilitated by the endocrine effects of incomplete ovarian maturation at menarche. To determine if illness and operation at or near menarche might modify ovarian maturation and thus increase cancer risk, we studied the subsequent reproductive, surgical, and malignancy history of 125 women who were aged 10 to 15 years when admitted for possible appendicitis during 1945 to 1951. Total operative experience and cholecystectomy rates were within expectation, but excess rates for dilatation and curettage (98 versus 57 expected, P less than 0.001) and hysterectomy (41 versus 23 expected, P less than 0.0006) suggest disturbed endocrine maturation. In addition, one patient developed Cushing's syndrome and five patients developed rheumatoid arthritis. Eight malignancies were observed (twice the expected rate of 3.4, P = 0.047); six occurred before age 40 years (versus 1.54 expected, P = 0.001). Tumors and age at diagnosis were: lymphoma (20), ovarian (28), breast (32), thyroid (34), lung (36), cervix (39), endometrium (48), and colon (50). Compared with standard rates, the peak incidence in those who were menarchal at hospitalization was 20 times the expected incidence; in those who were premenarchal the rate was five times the expected incidence, and in those who were postmenarchal the rate was as expected. The results of this study support the validity of the estrogen window hypothesis and indicate the serious consequences of perimenarchal illness. Enteric disease requiring hospitalization at or near menarche appears to define a group of women at risk for gynecologic disease and malignancy; further study is needed to determine if there is an appropriate prophylactic therapy to reduce that risk. PMID- 6623354 TI - Interval breast cancer: a more aggressive subset of breast neoplasias. AB - It has been suggested that interval breast cancer (breast cancer found within 12 months of a negative screening examination) exhibits a more virulent behavior than those found by the screening clinic. To test this hypothesis, 120 new cases of breast cancer were retrospectively reviewed from our Breast Screening Center. These patients were divided into three groups--interval cancer cases, lesions found at initial screening, and lesions found at subsequent screening. Statistically significant differences seen in our interval cancer cases included a higher percentage of positive axillary nodes, higher overall mortality rate, and lower 6-year survival rate as calculated by left table analysis. The remaining data, although not statistically significant, demonstrate a parallel trend toward a more malignant behavior. It is concluded that interval breast cancers are more aggressive forms of breast neoplasias. PMID- 6623356 TI - Resuscitative thoracotomy for patients with traumatic injury. AB - The clinical course and final outcome were determined for 63 trauma victims who underwent resuscitative thoracotomy (RT) for hypovolemic cardiac arrest in the Department of Emergency Medicine during a 24-month period. The objectives of the study were to determine the efficacy of and indications for RT and to define the prognostic signs for survival. Of 63 patients, six were successfully resuscitated (9.5%), and five of these were discharged from the hospital (7.9%). The presence of pupillary reactions was an extremely reliable indicator of successful outcome (P = 0.0009), as was the presence of some respiratory effort (P = 0.025). None of the victims of blunt trauma (n = 6) or severe head injury (n = 13) survived. Three of 17 patients (17.6%) with stab wounds and two of 36 (5.6%) with gunshot wounds survived the procedure. RT was beneficial in 13.6% of patients who had isolated organ system injuries, but no patient with injuries to more than two organ systems survived. Victims of isolated penetrating thoracic trauma had an 11.8% survival rate, as opposed to a 0% survival rate for those with abdominal trauma. The best prognosis was in victims with penetrating cardiac injuries, who had a 22.7% survival rate. The cost of RT averaged $1660 per patient, exclusive of physician charges. In our experience, RT is most beneficial for victims of penetrating thoracic trauma, especially those with cardiac injuries. However, routine use of this high cost/low benefit procedure cannot be recommended for patients who have cardiac arrest secondary to blunt trauma or severe head injuries. Also, it is not recommended for patients whose pupillary reflexes and respiratory movements are absent. PMID- 6623357 TI - Gastrointestinal complications of chronic granulomatous disease: surgical implications. AB - Eleven of 20 patients with chronic granulomatous disease (55%) developed serious gastrointestinal complications requiring surgical consultation or operation over a 10-year period with an average of 2.2 complications per patient. The mean age of onset of symptoms was 12 years (range 2.5 months to 25 years), and 91% of the patients were male. Admission for gastrointestinal complications constituted 18% of all admissions for these patients; the mean hospitalization time was 27.8 +/- 3.5 (SEM) days. Hepatic abscess, the most common complication, occurred in 16 instances. Perirectal abscess developed in three patients and gastric outlet obstruction developed in two patients. Other complications included appendicitis, acalculous cholecystitis, and Salmonella enteritis. Open hepatic debridement and external drainage combined with long-term intravenous antibiotics (mean 25.2 +/- 4.8 days) were curative in every case, but operative morbidity was frequent and severe. Twelve major complications accompanied open hepatic drainage in 14 cases including wound disruption, prolonged febrile course, subhepatic abscess, and recurrent hepatic abscess. Five secondary operations were required for treatment of these complications. Gastric outlet obstruction, by contrast, was successfully managed nonoperatively. Staphylococcus aureus was an etiologic agent in 66% of the cases, but many other aerobic gram-positive and gram-negative organisms were isolated. Anaerobic bacteria were unusual. Bacteremia occurred only once. PMID- 6623358 TI - Cefamandole-erythromycin-heparin peritoneal irrigation: an adjunct to the surgical treatment of diffuse bacterial peritonitis. AB - The enthusiasm for the use of peritoneal irrigation has waxed and waned since its introduction by Dr. Pierce in 1905. The purpose of this study was to devise a relatively low-cost irrigant that could be used for continuous intraperitoneal lavage, with the intent of decreasing abscess formation following surgical treatment for generalized bacterial peritonitis. A solution of 1 L of normal saline containing 50 mg erythromycin, 50 mg cefamandole, 500 U heparin, and 5 mEq KCl was proven in in vitro studies to be bactericidal to Peptococcus anaerobius and Clostridium perfringens, and bacteriostatic to Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Streptococcus faecalis, and Bacteroides fragilis. In a prospective study 50 patients underwent peritoneal lavage with 36 L over 2 days. No lavage patients developed intraabdominal abscesses. In a control group of 44 patients seven patients (15.9%) developed postoperative abscesses. PMID- 6623359 TI - The current position of nonresective treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysm. AB - This is a review of our 5 1/2-year experience with the treatment of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms by thrombosis induced by outflow obstruction while adequate lower limb perfusion is simultaneously ensured by axillofemoral bypass. Sixty high-risk patients who were considered to be unsuitable for direct aortic replacement have been so treated. Preoperative angiographic investigation of the pelvic and visceral vessels is mandatory. Thrombosis of the aneurysm occurred in 42 patients within 72 hours after surgical interruption of the iliac outflow, while in the remainder, persistent patency was dealt with by radiologic deposition of thrombotic material in the remaining outflow arteries. Contrary to our previous report, an augmented computerized tomographic scan has proved to be more accurate than radionuclide flow studies for the determination of complete aneurysmal thrombosis. There were four deaths within 40 days (7%), and the remaining patients were followed for 6 to 48 months. There were three fatal ruptures, all as the result of inaccurate indication of thrombosis by radionuclide flow scan. The rate of survival by life table analysis was 55% at 24 months. There has been no evidence of proximal extension of the infrarenal thrombosis to visceral vessels. This experience suggests that this technique offers a reasonable alternative to the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms when the indication is compelling and the risk of direct graft replacement is excessive. PMID- 6623360 TI - Exclusion angiography for patients with possible vascular injuries of the extremities--a better use of trauma center resources. AB - In this study we evaluated the capacity of selective angiography to reduce the number of exploratory procedures with negative results for suspected peripheral vascular injury. During the 4-year period ending December 1982, 316 trauma patients were evaluated for possible vascular injuries of the extremities. Exploration alone was performed for 124 patients, and 61 had vascular injuries; 192 patients were considered to be in stable condition and underwent selective angiography. Of these, 50 had vascular injuries and required operation. There were two false positive angiograms and one false negative angiogram (missed arteriovenous fistula). The overall diagnostic accuracy for angiography was 98%. The overall positive yield rate for operation was 64%. Selective angiography for the stable trauma patient to exclude vascular injury is safe, sensitive, and specific. Exclusion angiography has increased the overall positive yield rate for exploration of suspected vascular injury at our institution by 49%. Thus the selective use of exclusion angiography for patients who are stable and who do not have other indications for wound exploration is a reasonable and necessary mode of diagnosis for more effective use of operating room facilities. PMID- 6623361 TI - Cirrhosis, encephalopathy, and improved results with metabolic support. AB - Twenty-two patients with cirrhosis and acute encephalopathy who were refractory to medical therapy were entered into a randomized, double-blind prospective trial. This trial consisted of either neomycin or a modified amino acid solution rich in branched chains and low in aromatic amino acids and methionine (F080) in the presence of isocaloric amounts of dextrose. The groups were indistinguishable from each other by clinical or laboratory criteria; they were primarily patients who had undergone operation and they would tolerate only 30 gm of oral protein or intravenous standard amino acids. The group receiving F080 had a faster and more complete improvement in encephalopathy. This improvement correlated with the plasma molar ratio and occurred with a lower mortality rate. In addition, the patients also tolerated twice the amino acid load without encephalopathy and were in positive nitrogen balance. Modified metabolic support is effective in the setting of acute liver failure in chronic cirrhosis, particularly in patients who have undergone operation. PMID- 6623362 TI - Inguinal hernia repair before and after prostatic resection. AB - From 1976 through 1981, 864 men had inguinal hernia repairs and 328 had prostatic resections at our Veterans Administration Hospital. Forty-four patients had symptomatic prostatic obstruction that required either transurethral or open prostatic resection within 12 months of hernia repair. Twenty-seven patients had prostatectomy prior to hernia repair, 16 had hernia repair before prostatic resection, and one had simultaneous procedures. There were no urinary tract infections (UTIs) after hernia repair in patients who had had prostatectomy first, while five patients who had hernia repair before prostatectomy developed UTI after hernia repair (P less than 0.01). The incidence of UTI after hernia repair correlated with the need for and duration of bladder catheterization as a result of prostatic obstruction. Complications after prostatectomy were similar regardless of the order of operation. There were no episodes of incarceration or strangulation in patients awaiting hernia repair after prostatectomy. These results suggest that, when an inguinal hernia and symptomatic prostatic obstruction occur together, the performance of prostectomy before hernia repair lowers the risk of morbidity by decreasing the incidence of UTI after hernia repair. This approach does not expose the patient to any additional risk related to the inguinal hernia. PMID- 6623363 TI - Macro--creatine kinase 2: a possible marker of gastrointestinal cancer? AB - Creatine kinase (CK) is an enzyme found in many body organs. It is used clinically in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Recently an atypical isoenzyme, macro-CK2, not found in the sera of healthy individuals, has been reported in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies. This study is a report of our findings in serum samples obtained from 200 patients from November 1981 until December 1982. Twenty-eight patients had gastrointestinal complaints but did not have malignant disease. One hundred seventy-two patients had malignancy. Samples of serum were studied for macro-CK2 with a standard laboratory agarose gel electrophoresis technique. The tests were done without knowledge of the patients' diagnoses. The results show no detectable macro-CK2 in sera from patients without malignancy. It was present before operation in nine of 13 patients with colorectal cancer and 16 of 21 patients with metastases from colorectal cancer or gastric cancer. This preliminary study suggests that the presence of macro-CK2 in serum may be an indicator of malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract and in particular of colorectal cancer. PMID- 6623364 TI - Effect of end-expiratory pressure on total oxygen dynamics. AB - The role of altered end-expiratory pressure on total oxygen dynamics was studied prospectively in 18 patients with injuries and sepsis. Eight patients received high tidal volumes (12 to 18 ml/kg), continuous positive airway pressure, and intermittent mandatory ventilation (CPAP/IMV); 10 patients received low tidal volumes (8 to 10 ml/kg) with zero end-expiratory pressure and assist control mode of ventilation (ZEEP/A-CM). CPAP/IMV patients had better oxygen tension, reduced physiologic shunting in the lung (24% versus 18%), and an improved arterial tension: inspired oxygen concentration ratio. CPAP/IMV patients also had significantly higher central filling pressures that were associated with significant reductions in cardiac output (8.2 L/min versus 6.4 L/min). The reduced cardiac output appeared to be a result of a reduction in left ventricular stroke work index. Consequently, the total oxygen delivery was reduced for all 3 days following insult and for the cumulative data for all 3 days (266 versus 306 ml/min) in the CPAP/IMV patients. Oxygen consumption was also reduced in the CPAP/IMV patients; this reduction was not significant for each of the first 3 days but was significant when the data for the 3 days were added to the analysis (306 versus 272 ml/min). Future prospective randomized studies are needed to determine the most effective use of ventilatory support on total oxygen dynamics including oxygen delivery and oxygen consumption. PMID- 6623365 TI - Radiation-associated thyroid tumors: extent of operation and pathology technique influence the apparent incidence of carcinoma. AB - A prospective study and follow-up program of 2,118 patients with prior low-dose head and neck irradiation, entered into a thyroid screening project, allowed us to examine how the extent of operation and pathology technique influenced the incidence of thyroid carcinoma. Patients with palpable nodular thyroid disease were referred to their physicians with a recommendation for surgery: 107 patients had thyroid surgery in community hospitals (CHs) where enucleation of the nodule or lobectomy was the usual operation, and 29 patients had surgery at Milwaukee County Medical Complex (MCMC) where near-total thyroidectomy was routine. Lymph nodes were sampled in 69% of MCMC operations but in only 16% of CH operations. The pathologist's usual method at MCMC was to submit the total surgical specimen and to do serial sections. Less than total specimen examination and random sections typically were done in community hospitals. The mean age and sex ratio of the patients and size of thyroid lesions in the two groups were not different. Cancer was found in 59% (17/29) of patients who underwent operation at MCMC, while only 21% (22/107) of patients who underwent operation in CHs were found to have carcinoma (P less than 0.001). Surprisingly, there was nearly uniform agreement (99%) in the diagnoses made by MCMC and CH pathologists, and the incidence of microscopic foci of carcinoma was similar in both groups. We conclude that the incidence of thyroid carcinoma found in patients with prior head and neck irradiation who have had operation for thyroid nodules is related to the extent of thyroidectomy, routine lymph node sampling, the amount of resected thyroid tissue processed for histologic examination, and the absolute number of sections examined by the pathologist. PMID- 6623366 TI - Rectal carcinoid tumors--treatment and prognosis. AB - Because of their location, rectal carcinoid tumors present a special therapeutic challenge for the surgeon. Only about 15% of these tumors manifest metastases and the others can be cured by complete local excision; hence performing a low anterior resection or an abdominoperineal resection for all patients would result in excessive rates of morbidity and death. Present-day treatment programs call for radical cancer resections only for lesions 2 cm in diameter or larger and local resection for all others. However, in a review of 595 patients, including 29 from the University of Chicago Hospitals, it was determined that this practice results in undertreatment of 24% (19/78) of all rectal carcinoid tumors that were associated with metastases, for 5% of all lesions smaller than 2 cm also had metastases. Invasion of the muscularis propria, we found, was an excellent additional prognostic sign for tumor progression. If the criteria for radical cancer resection included both size (all tumors 2 cm or larger and invasion of the muscularis propria in all smaller lesions, only 6% (5/78) of all aggressive tumors would have been missed and only 1.2% of all individuals with rectal carcinoid tumors would have received too limited an operation. It is hoped that the use of these new criteria will improve present-day survival statistics for patients with rectal carcinoid tumors. PMID- 6623367 TI - Treatment of nontoxic megacolon by colonoscopy. AB - The indications for colonoscopy in a recent consecutive series of 232 examinations were analyzed. Of these examinations, 30 (13%) were performed for nontoxic megacolon. Nontoxic megacolon is defined as severe dilatation of a segment or the entire colon unaccompanied by signs or symptoms of colon toxicity. Mechanical factors (volvulus, anastomosis, diverticulosis, carcinoma) were responsible for the nontoxic megacolon in 13 of these patients. Nontoxic megacolon was classified as secondary to acute pseudoobstruction (Ogilvie's syndrome, pancolonic megacolon, acute myxedema ileus) in 17 patients. All patients were being evaluated for possible exploratory celiotomy to prevent perforation of the colon because of the massive colonic distention. Colonoscopic examination was performed at the bedside or in the intensive care unit for 11 of 30 patients. No bowel preparation was used. Evacuation of air and fecal material was more efficiently accomplished by use of an external suction device attached to the biopsy part of the endoscope. For 12 of the 13 patients who had a mechanical basis for their nontoxic megacolon the colon was successfully decompressed. All 17 patients with acute pseudoobstruction were successfully treated. There were no iatrogenic perforations. Possible emergency operation was avoided for all patients except one who had a cecal volvulus. Colonoscopy should be considered as the initial treatment for nontoxic megacolon prior to surgical intervention. PMID- 6623368 TI - Results of changing trends in the surgical management of complications of diverticular disease. AB - During the past decade, primary resection with anastomosis has gained acceptance in the surgical treatment of complications arising from diverticular disease of the colon. We have reviewed our experience during the past 10 years to determine whether this approach has clinical validity. Of 673 patients followed over a 10 year period, 93 (14%) required operation. Operative indications were generally limited to urgent complications of the disease: abscess (36), bleeding (18), perforation (10), obstruction (10), and fistula (5). A small group of patients underwent operation for recurrent symptoms (7) and for the suspicion of coexistent carcinoma (8). Initial operative management included resection with anastomosis (44), resection and colostomy (26), and diverting colostomy (23). The overall incidence of complications was significant; the most common complication was infectious in nature: abscess (7), fistula (9), wound infection (11), dehiscence (2), and sepsis (5). Complications were more numerous in patients who did not receive primary resection of the diseased segment 2.1 versus 1.1 complications per patient, respectively), and the duration of hospitalization was significantly greater in this group as well. The perioperative mortality rate of our surgical patients was 6.4%; none of these deaths were associated with resection and anastomosis. These data indicate that resection with primary anastomosis is a sound approach in properly selected patients with urgent complications of diverticular disease, and that aggressive surgical management can yield results that are better than those obtained from the use of colostomy alone. PMID- 6623369 TI - The physiologic effects of ileal reservoirs and efferent conduits complementing ileoanal anastomosis: an experimental study in dogs. AB - S-shaped ileal reservoirs (SSRs) and double-barreled ileal reservoirs (DBRs) of equal size were placed 6 or 2 cm from the anus and evaluated over 1 year for their ability to improve the functional incontinence noted after an ileoanal anastomosis (IAA). Compared to straight IAA, both reservoirs prolonged intestinal transit (235 minutes versus 135 minutes, P less than 0.001) and alleviated frequency without causing nutritional abnormalities. The capacity of the reservoirs was greater than that of a comparable length of distal ileum in dogs (n = 6) with straight IAA (304 +/- 16 ml versus 102 +/- 2 ml, P less than 0.001). The SSRs (n = 9), in contrast to the DBRs (n = 10), developed excessive volume capacity (360 +/- 30 ml versus 254 +/- 104 ml, P less than 0.01) and obstructive complications. Reservoirs with 6 cm efferent conduits (n = 13), in contrast to those with a 2 cm efferent conduit (n = 6), underwent marked dilatation (334 +/- 24 ml versus 238 +/- 13 ml, P less than 0.005). Electromyography and manometry revealed the DBRs to be more contractile than the SSRs but less than ileum proximal to the anus in dogs with a straight IAA. Ileal reservoirs improve results after IAA. Reservoirs should be complaint and yet contractile (e.g., DBR) so as to discourage excessive dilatation, which is the harbinger of obstruction. Ileal conduits facilitate reservoir placement, but if longer than 2 cm they excessively impeded reservoir emptying, predisposing to excessive reservoir dilatation and obstruction. A DBR with a 2 cm efferent conduit results in continence without obstructive problems. PMID- 6623370 TI - Early operation for acute biliary tract stone disease. AB - A prospective study to evaluate the accuracy of early diagnosis and the efficacy of early operation for biliary tract stone disease was performed. One hundred fifty-two consecutive patients with signs and symptoms compatible with biliary colic or acute cholecystitis were admitted to the hospital and promptly evaluated with ultrasonography and hepatobiliary (Pipida) scanning. Patients with demonstrable stones or a nonvisualized gallbladder underwent operation within 48 hours of admission. Of 75 patients who underwent operation, 64 had acute and/or severe chronic cholecystitis. Associated biliary pancreatitis was present in 14 of 75 patients. Cholecystectomy with intraoperative cholangiography was performed for 73 of the 75 patients. One patient underwent cholecystectomy only and one patient underwent cholecystostomy. There were 18 common duct explorations. No transfusions were required and there were no deaths. The average duration of hospital stay for all patients who underwent operation was 6.5 days. The results indicate that an accurate diagnosis of acute biliary tract stone disease can be made rapidly with use of sonography and hepatobiliary scanning, that cholecystectomy with intraoperative cholangiography and common duct exploration as necessary can be performed safely (including cases of biliary pancreatitis) in the acute setting, and that with early operation the duration of stay is decreased and morbidity and mortality rates compare favorably with those of elective cholecystectomy. It is concluded that operation performed within at least 48 hours of admission is the treatment of choice for acute biliary tract stone disease. PMID- 6623372 TI - Comparative accuracy of operative ultrasonography and cholangiography in detecting common duct calculi. AB - Operative ultrasonography and operative radiographic cholangiography were compared for diagnostic effectiveness with regard to their ability to screen the common bile duct for the presence of calculi. We performed real-time B-mode ultrasonography and cholangiography using two injections of contrast material. In 350 patients, 349 ultrasonic and 285 cholangiographic examinations were performed with technically satisfactory results. The sensitivity, specificity, efficiency, and predictability of a negative test were at a high and comparable level for the two diagnostic procedures. However, the predictability of a positive test for ultrasonography of 91.8% was significantly greater (P less than 0.02) than the predictability of 73.2% for cholangiography. Since predictability of a positive test is based on common duct exploration rather than presumptive evidence of a clinical course, this test may be more valid than the other measures to determine diagnostic effectiveness. The advantages of ultrasonography, which are superior accuracy, favorable image qualities, reduced invasiveness, increased safety, avoidance of contrast material, and lower cost, were contrasted with the problems of ultrasonography, which included a slow learning curve for performance and interpretation of the technique and the limited availability of dedicated ultrasound equipment for surgical operations. We concluded that the advantages outweighed the problems and that operative ultrasonography of the common duct warrants wider application in clinical surgery. PMID- 6623371 TI - Primary gallbladder carcinoma: significance of subserosal lesions and results of aggressive surgical treatment and adjuvant chemotherapy. AB - Advances in methods to diagnose biliary disease have not improved the dismal survival rates reported for primary gallbladder cancer. We analyzed the results of operation in 112 patients with gallbladder cancer. Tumors limited to the gallbladder wall and those that required aggressive surgical therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy for advanced disease were analyzed separately according to the following staging system: tumors that were localized to the mucosa (stage, I, n = 4); tumors that penetrated the muscularis (stage II, n = 4); subserosal tumors (stage III, n = 3); tumors with cystic node involvement (stage IV, n = 13); and tumors that had spread to adjacent organs (stage V, n = 88). Of the 11 patients (10%) with tumor limited to the gallbladder wall (stages I to III), one of five patients (20%) treated with cholecystectomy alone and four of six patients (60%) treated with cholecystectomy and lymphadenectomy (with hepatic wedge resection in three and pancreaticoduodenectomy in one) were alive and tumor free 3 to 6 years after operation. Three patients treated with cholecystectomy alone died of recurrent cancer at 18, 48, and 60 months after operation. Of the 13 patients with cystic node involvement (stage IV), nine were treated by cholecystectomy alone, three with lymphadenectomy, and one with pancreaticoduodenectomy; the cumulative survival rate was only 37% at 6 months, and all patients were dead within 18 months. Of 14 patients with advanced disease (stage V) treated with aggressive surgical therapy, including lymphadenectomy in six patients, hepatic wedge resection in six patients, and right hepatic lobectomy in two patients, the mean survival rate was only 3 months. PMID- 6623373 TI - [A new method of dimethyl sulfoxide administration in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6623375 TI - [Treatment of Wegener's granulomatosis with immunosuppressive agents]. PMID- 6623374 TI - [Differential local therapy of mono-, oligoarthritis of the knee joint]. PMID- 6623376 TI - [Intravenous administration of high doses (pulse therapy) of methylprednisolone in lupus nephritis]. PMID- 6623377 TI - [Rheological and coagulative blood properties in patients with systemic scleroderma undergoing hyperbaric oxygenation in combined treatment]. PMID- 6623378 TI - [Efficacy and organizational aspects of rehabilitation of patients with rheumatic joint diseases]. PMID- 6623379 TI - [The kidneys and pregnancy]. PMID- 6623381 TI - [Lymphocytotoxic and antibrain antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with nervous system involvement]. PMID- 6623380 TI - [Fluorescent method of catecholamine detection in evaluation of vascular disorders in systemic scleroderma]. PMID- 6623382 TI - [Chemotactic activity of the synovial fluid in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6623383 TI - [Clinico-immunological characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6623384 TI - [Pericardium involvement in rheumatoid arthritis (echocardiography date)]. PMID- 6623385 TI - [Comparative efficacy of arthroscopic diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6623386 TI - [Evaluation of diagnostic criteria in early variants of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6623387 TI - [Rheumatoid arthritis and related joint diseases (differential diagnosis and clinico-pathogenetic aspects)]. PMID- 6623388 TI - [Pathogenetic mechanisms of microcirculation disorders in rheumatoid diseases]. PMID- 6623389 TI - [Rheumatoid arthritis in combination with osteoarthrosis deformans (characteristic clinical manifestations and various immunological indices)]. PMID- 6623390 TI - [Serum glycosaminoglycans in osteoarthrosis deformans and rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6623391 TI - [Yersinia arthropathy: various clinical and diagnostic aspects]. PMID- 6623392 TI - [Articular syndrome in psoriasis]. PMID- 6623393 TI - [Clinical and hormonal aspects of systemic lupus erythematosus in men]. PMID- 6623394 TI - [Heart involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus based on echocardiography data]. PMID- 6623395 TI - [Total endoprosthesis of the hip joint in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6623396 TI - [Laser therapy and laser puncture in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthrosis deformans and psoriatic arthropathy]. PMID- 6623397 TI - [Laser therapy of rheumatoid arthritis (clinico-morphological study)]. PMID- 6623398 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum in patients during the first four decades of life. PMID- 6623399 TI - Idiopathic transient osteoporosis of the hip in pregnancy. PMID- 6623400 TI - Gastric hemangioma in a 15-year-old girl. PMID- 6623401 TI - Internal financial controls to prevent embezzlement. PMID- 6623403 TI - Neuropsychological assessment: what good is it? PMID- 6623402 TI - Fluoride in infant formulas. PMID- 6623404 TI - Family violence. PMID- 6623405 TI - Overview of pediatric injuries. PMID- 6623406 TI - A strategy for injury prevention. PMID- 6623407 TI - The effect on neutral gene flow of selection at a linked locus. AB - The effect on gene flow at a neutral locus of a selective cline at a linked locus is investigated. A diffusion approximation for a two-locus island model is derived in which only one locus is subject to selection. The moments of the stationary distribution are obtained and compared to the corresponding moments from a one-locus, neutral island model. This comparison yields an effective migration rate. The effective migration rate is always less than the actual migration rate, but this effect is seen to be small for weak selection and loose linkage in the case of adult migration. The importance of selection at linked loci to the question of genetic differentiation in a subdivided population is discussed. PMID- 6623408 TI - [Ovulation and "Mittelschmerz"]. PMID- 6623409 TI - [Sex differences in sports performance]. PMID- 6623410 TI - [Performance of the female during the menstrual cycle]. PMID- 6623411 TI - [Psychosomatic aspects of dysmenorrhea]. PMID- 6623412 TI - [Secondary dysmenorrhea]. PMID- 6623413 TI - [Effectiveness of dilatation of the cervical canal in the treatment of dysmenorrhea]. PMID- 6623414 TI - [Pathogenesis, clinical aspects and therapy of dysmenorrhea]. PMID- 6623415 TI - [Endometriosis]. PMID- 6623416 TI - Acute mountain sickness. PMID- 6623417 TI - Altitude-related deaths in seven trekkers in the Himalayas. AB - The clinical features and necropsy findings are described for seven trekkers in the Himalayas whose deaths were related to high altitude. The fatal outcome was due to serious pulmonary and cerebral disease. Oedema of the lungs and brain was prominent but so was thrombosis and haemorrhage, features of acute mountain sickness that have received insufficient recognition in the past. Most of the men were middle aged. Some began their trekking soon after flying to high altitude before becoming acclimatised and some remained at high altitude or climbed even higher despite the development of vomiting, breathlessness, and exhaustion. In one case death occurred despite prompt recognition and treatment of symptoms by administration of oxygen and swift evacuation to low altitude. PMID- 6623418 TI - Pleural thickening and gas transfer in asbestosis. AB - Anomalies in the ratio of transfer factor to effective alveolar volume as an indicator of pulmonary gas exchange in cases of asbestosis may be related to diffuse pleural thickening. To examine the effect of pleural disease on gas transfer the plain chest radiographs of patients with asbestosis were assessed by two observers for profusion of parenchymal opacities and extent of pleural disease and the results were related to lung function. In 30 cases of category 1 profusion of parenchymal abnormality (according to the ILO international classification of radiographs for pneumoconiosis) transfer factor was independent of the degree of pleural thickening. The ratio of transfer factor to effective alveolar volume correlated directly with the degree of pleural thickening as alveolar volume fell with increasing severity of pleural disease. The results indicate that correcting transfer factor for alveolar volume does not provide an accurate reflection of severity of diffuse parenchymal fibrosis in patients with asbestosis and even minor pleural disease. PMID- 6623419 TI - Estimation of the FEV. AB - The procedure recommended by the Medical Research Council for estimating a subject's forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) is to require five separate attempts, discard the first two results, and average the last three. The most popular alternatives are to use the largest of the last three or the largest of a smaller number of results. Nine different indices derived from some or all of five attempts were compared in two studies. In one 40 normal subjects were studied. In the other 335 men exposed to industrial dust, whose forced expiratory volume declined with their degree of radiological pneumoconiosis as well as with age, were studied. There were small but consistent differences between indices. The index which emerged as the best overall in both studies was the mean of the largest three results from five attempts. It was better than the recommended index for all the comparisons made, but at the same time it gave a very similar mean value for the FEV1. Excluding the lowest two results rather than the first two from five blows is a rational procedure, and it should be formally recognised as providing the best index available. PMID- 6623420 TI - Histamine bronchial challenge: effect on regional ventilation and aerosol deposition. AB - We studied regional changes in ventilation and aerosol deposition after histamine challenge in six patients with asthma and two with rhinitis and a history of wheezing. All were known to have bronchial hyperreactivity and all showed an increased response to histamine. Ventilation and aerosol deposition studies, using xenon-133 and an aerosol of sulphur colloid tagged with technetium 99m, were performed while they were sitting. Before administration of histamine radioaerosol scintiscans were abnormal in five of six patients; after histamine challenge all were abnormal and central deposition was significantly greater in all of them. The decrease in aerosol penetration correlated with the percentage decrease in FEV1, indicating that the efficiency of aerodynamic filtration depends on the degree of airway narrowing. In six of the eight subjects the distribution of ventilation changed from predominantly basal to predominantly apical after histamine, which suggests the airways response was greater, at least initially, in the better ventilated regions. This indicates a close relationship between regional ventilation and the site of histamine deposition and has implications for the delivery of aerosolised agents in general. PMID- 6623423 TI - Asthma, pulmonary eosinophilia, and eosinophilic pericarditis. PMID- 6623422 TI - Aneurysm of the coronary sinus. AB - Two patients, an adult and a baby, with an aneurysm of the coronary sinus are described. This unusual anomaly was detected in the baby during angiographic investigations for congenital heart disease. The aneurysm was an unexpected postmortem finding in the adult. Although the adult died suddenly, there was no evidence that this could be linked to the presence of the aneurysm. PMID- 6623421 TI - Action of serum on the output of secretory glycoproteins from human bronchi in vitro. AB - The effect on mucin output of placing dilute serum from healthy donors in contact with the luminal surface of human airway has been studied. Bronchi were dissected from lungs removed at operation. Mucins, radiolabelled biosynthetically, were collected from the luminal aspect of the bronchi, which were mounted in Ussing chambers. Serum added to the luminal aspect of the tissue, at dilutions ranging from 1:100 to 1:10 of Krebs-Henseleit solution, consistently increased the output of radiolabelled mucins. The concentrations of serum tested in these experiments lie within the range commonly found in sputum coughed from the lungs of those with inflamed airways. Serum diluted to 1:2500, which is roughly the concentration found in the normal human airway, had little or no effect on bronchial secretion. Increased leakage of serum into the inflamed airways is suggested as one of the stimuli that increase bronchial secretion. PMID- 6623424 TI - Persisting "asthma" in tropical pulmonary eosinophilia. PMID- 6623425 TI - Chylothorax and tuberculosis. PMID- 6623426 TI - Postpneumonectomy empyema: drainage by spontaneous oesophagopleural fistula. PMID- 6623427 TI - Coffee worker's lung: reconsideration of a case report. PMID- 6623428 TI - Abstracts: IX International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 4-8 July 1983. PMID- 6623429 TI - [Total hip prosthesis of the hip joint in Norway. A questionnaire study]. PMID- 6623430 TI - [Prognostic factors in colo-rectal cancer]. PMID- 6623431 TI - [Surgical treatment of cerebral paresis]. PMID- 6623432 TI - [Surgical treatment of infertility in women caused by tubal factors]. PMID- 6623433 TI - [Primary amenorrhea, gonadal dysgenesis and gonadoblastoma]. PMID- 6623434 TI - [Bechterew's disease. A social medicine study]. PMID- 6623435 TI - [Atrophia gyrata]. PMID- 6623436 TI - [Silofiller's disease]. PMID- 6623437 TI - [X-ray unit in a rural health centre. An evaluation of disadvantages and advantages after 1 year's experiences]. PMID- 6623438 TI - [Medical benefits from hospital stay. An evaluation of the hospital stay by patients hospitalized in an internal medical department in a trisected hospital]. PMID- 6623439 TI - [Ophtalmological services for the elderly. A study concerning pensioners in and outside institutions in Aust-Agden]. PMID- 6623440 TI - [Colorectal polyps. Diagnosis and treatment. A 7-year colonoscopic case load from Telemark]. PMID- 6623441 TI - [Bicycles and head injuries. A prospective study from Trondelag 1979-1980]. PMID- 6623442 TI - [Acute kidney failure in a participant in a demanding bicycle race]. PMID- 6623443 TI - [Hematuria after physical exertion (jogging). A case report]. PMID- 6623444 TI - [Monteggia's injury]. PMID- 6623445 TI - [Immunosuppressive therapy in hematological diseases. Principles and mechanism of action]. PMID- 6623446 TI - [Thrombocytopenia in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Therapeutic results]. PMID- 6623447 TI - [Fitz Hugh-Curtis syndrome without clinically suspected salpingitis. An important differential diagnosis in pain under the right costal margin in young women]. PMID- 6623448 TI - [Diagnostic radiology--or diagnostic imaging?]. PMID- 6623449 TI - HLA antigens and congenital hypothyroidism. AB - HLA antigens A and B were determined in a group of 41 patients with congenital hypothyroidism and 36 of their mothers. Twenty-nine patients had thyroid dysgenesis of whom 23 were functionally athyreotic, four had ectopic and two had hypoplastic thyroid glands. Twelve patients had thyroid dyshormonogenesis, seven of whom had iodide organification defect. A total of 48 antigens were typed in the A and B loci. The results were analyzed in comparison to 388 normal adult subjects from the general population. The only statistically significant difference was an increase in the frequency of HLA-Bw44(12) (48.8% vs 19.3%, P less than 0.02). The incidence of HLA-Bw44(12) was 44.2% in the mothers. There was a decreased frequency of HLA-B7 in the patients which was not significant. PMID- 6623450 TI - Association of IgA deficiency with HLA A28 and B14. AB - HLA typing was performed in two groups of individuals with low serum IgA concentrations. These consisted of 44 individuals identified from a blood donor clinic and 37 individuals attending an Immunology clinic with disorders associated with IgA deficiency. Both groups showed an increase in the frequency of HLA B14 (p less than 0.0001), HLA-A28 (P = 0.0007) and the combinations HLA A1, B14 and HLA-A28, B14. The previously reported increase in HLA-A1, B8 was not apparent in either group. These data suggest that there is a gene within the human major histocompatibility complex which is relevant in IgA deficiency. PMID- 6623451 TI - Malignant hypertension and HLA antigens. AB - Thirty-two patients with malignant hypertension and terminal uremia and a group of 1263 healthy blood donors were studied regarding the incidence of different HLA antigens. HLA-Bw35; Cw4 antigens were found to be significantly more frequent in the group of patients with malignant hypertension than in the group of healthy individuals. The frequency of HLA-Bw35 in a group of 60 non-uremic patients with biopsy-proven glomerulonephritis and without malignant hypertension was also studied and found equal to the group of healthy blood donors. There was no overrepresentation of IgA nephritis among the HLA-Bw35 positive patients with glomerulonephritis, but advanced vascular lesions were more common among these than among patients with other HLA antigens. PMID- 6623452 TI - Estimating genotype relative risks. AB - When a disease is rare in the general population, genotype relative risks can be estimated from case-control data by adjusting the genotype frequencies in controls to the expected Hardy-Weinberg proportions. The resulting risk estimates are shown to have a smaller variance than those obtained from the observed genotype frequencies, and test statistics are given for adjusted estimates. The tests are shown to have a larger power for detecting genotype association, and heterogeneity in the genotypic relative risks, than those based on the observed frequencies. An application is given to data on rheumatoid arthritis and HLA-DR antigens. PMID- 6623453 TI - HLA-B12 antigen and multiple sclerosis in a Spanish population (Canary Islands). PMID- 6623454 TI - Delay time correction of the gas analyzer in the calculation of anatomical dead space of the lung. AB - By means of a mathematical model, we have studied a way to correct the delay time of the gas analyzer in order to calculate the anatomical dead space using Fowler's graphical method. The mathematical model was constructed of ten tubes of equal diameter but unequal length, so that the amount of dead space varied from tube to tube; the tubes were emptied sequentially. The gas analyzer responds with a time lag from the input of the gas signal to the beginning of the response, followed by an exponential response output. The single breath expired volume concentration relationship was examined with three types of expired flow patterns of which were constant, exponential and sinusoidal. The results indicate that the time correction by the lag time plus time constant of the exponential response of the gas analyzer gives an accurate estimation of anatomical dead space. Time correction less inclusive than this, e.g. lag time only or lag time plus 50% response time, gives an overestimation, and a correction larger than this results in underestimation. The magnitude of error is dependent on the flow pattern and flow rate. The time correction in this study is only for the calculation of dead space, as the corrected volume-concentration curves does not coincide with the true curve. Such correction of the output of the gas analyzer is extremely important when one needs to compare the dead spaces of different gas species at a rather faster flow rate. PMID- 6623455 TI - The regulating effect of cholesterol derivatives isolated from human sera on lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin. AB - Cholesterol derivatives, including 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol (7 alpha-HC), 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol (7 beta-HC), and 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC), were isolated from the Cohn fraction IV-I of normal human sera and were shown to be the moieties responsible for the suppression of lymphocyte proliferation. When 5-10 micrograms/ml of 7 alpha-HC, 7 beta-HC or 7-KC were added in vitro to lymphocyte cultures, incorporation of 3H-thymidine (3H-TdR) into the lymphocyte DNA was suppressed by about 50% when compared with the control. When 10-50 mg/kg/day of 7 alpha-HC, 7 beta-HC and 7 KC were administered in vivo to skin grafts on rats, the prolongation of skin grafts was observed. The concentration of 7-KC in cancer patient sera was 2 to 3 times the amount in normal pooled human sera. PMID- 6623456 TI - Extrapulmonary lesions in influenza. AB - The authors, having investigated 270 autopsied cases of influenza in children, reported the possibility of a hematogenic virus dissemination from the respiratory system. In the acute stage of the disease the antigen of influenza was revealed in the liver, intestine, kidneys, brain and other organs with adequate regularity. The antigen was localized in the epithelial cells and also endothelial, ependymal and some other cells. The latter were partly accompanied by specific structural changes similar to those that occur in the respiratory system in the presence of the same disease. Besides, degenerative, exudate and, now and then, proliferative and regenerative changes which were not specific for influenza, have been found in all affected organs. Of particular interest were the results of brain study, in which viral particles were revealed by electron microscopic examination in chronic inflammatory lesions. In the experimental study carried out on 180 newborn mice by means of histological, immunofluorescent, serological and virological methods was proven the possibility of generalization of influenza, and some aspects of the pathogenesis were discussed. PMID- 6623457 TI - A case of idiopathic fatty liver detectable only by ultrasonography. AB - A 40-year-old man was diagnosed as fatty liver according to our ultrasonographical criteria for fatty liver, i.e., liver-kidney contrast in the ultrasound mass screening of the liver, biliary tract and pancreas. He lacked any signs or symptoms, nor any known causes of fatty liver, i.e., obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, ingestion of alcohol or drugs. Liver biopsy of this patient revealed fatty change of about 50% of the hepatic lobules. It has been difficult to suspect the presence of latent fatty liver which lacked both the abnormality in the liver function test and hepatomegaly, and even impossible when it lacked any risk factors. In the future as the ultrasonography becomes more generally used as a primary screening examination, "idiopathic latent fatty liver", like this patient, will be more frequently found and this, in turn, will contribute to the progress of the epidemiology and etiology of fatty liver. PMID- 6623459 TI - A new method to prepare rabbit immune anti-M and -N sera using blood group substance trapped in autologous red cell ghost as an immunogen. AB - To prepare anti-M and -N of a sufficient potency, M or N substance trapped in autologous ghost was intravenously administered to rabbits. The potency and specificity of antisera prepared were compared with antisera prepared by other immunization methods. Rabbits immunized intravenously or intramuscularly with M or N substance alone produced no significant antibodies. Immunization with the substance loading ghost produced crude antisera of relatively low titers, but they were proved to contain specific anti-M and -N after absorption procedure which were higher than those prepared by usual intravenous injection of red cells. There was remarkable difference in immunoglobulin class between antisera prepared with the substance loading ghost and that by red cell immunizations; the former consisted of IgM and IgA, and the latter of IgG and IgA. It was considered that intravenous injection of the antigen trapped in ghost is useful for preparing hemagglutinin of sufficient titers. PMID- 6623458 TI - Progressive pulmonary vascular disease after surgery in a case of patent ductus arteriosus with pulmonary hypertension. AB - In a 15-month-old girl with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with pulmonary hypertension, division of the PDA was undertaken, but she died of heart failure 7 months post-operatively. Morphometric study of biopsy and autopsy lungs showed that medial hypertrophy and pulmonary intimal lesions developed markedly after surgery. Severe pulmonary hypertension and hypoxemia were present preoperatively. The pulmonary hypertension remaining postoperatively and aggravated pulmonary hypoxemia are thought to have caused postoperative constriction of the pulmonary vessels and to bring about unusual medial hypertrophy. Since it is known that marked hypertrophy of the media can easily cause vasospasms, it is thought that, in the present case, the smooth muscle cells of the media became necrotic, which brought about damage to endothelial cells. Such damage, in turn, led to the development of occlusive pulmonary vascular disease. PMID- 6623460 TI - Singlet oxygen emission at 1270 nm in protoporphyrin solution excited by argon laser. AB - The direct observation of dye-photosensitized 1270 nm emission of the 1 delta g leads to 3 sigma g transition of molecular oxygen in liquid solution is reported. Singlet oxygen was photosensitized by argon laser excitation of protoporphyrin in carbon tetrachloride. PMID- 6623461 TI - Monodeiodination of thyroxine to 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine in the human placenta. AB - We studied the characteristics of monodeiodination of thyroxine to T3 and reverse T3 in the human placenta which was obtained at normal delivery. The placentas were homogenized in cold sucrose Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.5. The microsomal fraction was incubated at 37 degrees C in the air for 1 hr with 2 micrograms of T4 in the presence of 0.05 M DTT. The T3 and reverse T3 generated in the reaction mixture were extracted into cold ethanol and measured by RIA. Among the usual subcellular fractions of the placental homogenate, microsomes were most potent in deiodinating T4 to reverse T3, 17.9 ng/mg protein/micrograms T4/60 min. In microsome, production of reverse T3 from T4 was dependent upon protein concentration, incubation temperature, incubation time, pH and T4 concentration, and unstable to prior heating of the microsomal fraction. The production of T3 from T4 was negligible in the present system. Degradation of T3 in the human placenta was rapid. Although addition of anti-T3 antibody to the reaction mixture suppressed the degradation of T3, it had no effect on the net production of T3, suggesting that the obtained net T3 production rate had not been influenced by its degradation. Degradation of reverse T3 was negligible. These results indicate that the human placenta actively deiodinates T4 to reverse T3 enzymatically. This enzyme system might have some influence on the transplacental passage of thyroid hormone from the mother to the fetus. PMID- 6623462 TI - Morphological studies on proliferation and desquamation of the alveolar lining epithelium in carrageenan-induced experimental pneumonia. AB - An experimental model of carrageenan-induced pneumonia in rabbits was used to study the proliferation and desquamation of alveolar lining epithelium, light and electron microscopically. Observation at 5 hr after intrapulmonary injection of 0.5% lambda carrageenan solution revealed epithelial cell (predominantly type 1 pneumocyte) injury, exposing the basement membrane of the alveolar wall, and that at 40 hr demonstrated an appearance of many large pneumocytes among the alveolar lining epithelium as a reparative reaction. This proliferative response of immature type 2 pneumocytes reached to the maximum in 60 and 72 hr followed by an intense desquamative response of the excessive alveolar epithelium in 5 and 6 days. The sloughed off epithelial cells were demonstrated as cell sheets or as clusters of epithelial cells. Inflammatory infiltrates in alveolar and interstitial spaces consisted of neutrophils and monocytes (or macrophages) at early stages, and mononuclear cells or macrophages at latter stages. Observation in 2nd and 3rd week showed accumulation of macrophages with many osmiophilic lamellar bodies in the alveolar spaces. The alveolar wall lining epithelium was still cuboidal or elliptical in shape in some alveoli and membranous in the others. Thickened alveolar septa at this stage were also noted. Thus this animal model appears to be a valuable tool for further understanding of the events leading to proliferation and desquamation of the alveolar lining epithelium. PMID- 6623463 TI - Activity of the glycine cleavage system in hyperammonemia treated with benzoate. AB - We investigated levels of the glycine cleavage system in livers of spf-fur mutant mice with ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency treated with sodium benzoate. The activities of the glycine cleavage system in benzoate-treated spf/Y males and the control mice livers are not significantly different. We examined plasma folate level and Vit. B6 status in a patient with OTC deficiency during the therapy with benzoate. Plasma folate level and vitamin B6 status during the therapy period and during control period are not different and these data were within normal ranges. The observation suggests that the glycine cleavage system is not the candidate for the increase of the de novo synthesis of glycine in hyperammonemic patients treated with benzoate. PMID- 6623464 TI - Use of heart cell cultures as a tool for the evaluation of halothane arrhythmia. AB - The effects of various combinations of epinephrine-halothane and epinephrine enflurane were tested on beating myocardial muscle cells cultured from 2- to 3 day-old rats. A series of culture plates containing myocytes were exposed to 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2% halothane. At each halothane concentration, 9 ng of epinephrine was added, and the rate of contraction and rhythm of myocytes were observed. With increasing halothane concentrations, a significant and progressive increase in the percentage of plates demonstrating arrhythmia was observed. In a separate series of experiments, doses of epinephrine were added following exposure to 1.5% halothane. As the dose of epinephrine was increased progressively more plates displayed arrhythmia. In addition, culture plates were exposed to enflurane (3 and 6%), and epinephrine was added to each plate. No arrhythmia was observed in any of the 3% enflurane exposed plates. However at 6%, 100% of the plates displayed arrhythmia. In another series of experiments the efficaciousness of quinidine, procaine amide, lidocaine, propranolol, and verapamil in converting cell culture arrhythmia to normal rhythm following epinephrine and halothane was tested. Quinidine converted 96% of all arrhythmic plates to normal rhythm, procaine amide 80%, lidocaine 50%, and propranolol 10%. Verapamil failed to convert any arrhythmic plates to normal rhythm. It was concluded from this study that halothane directly "sensitizes" heart cells in tissue culture, and that the "sensitization" process is a linear, dose-dependent phenomenon. PMID- 6623465 TI - Altered subcellular distribution of cadmium following cadmium pretreatment: possible mechanism of tolerance to cadmium-induced lethality. AB - Animals pretreated with cadmium (Cd) subsequently develop tolerance to an otherwise lethal dose of Cd. Possible mechanisms for this tolerance include reduced absorption, an altered tissue distribution, and an altered subcellular distribution of Cd. Male rats received a single Cd pretreatment (2.0 mg/kg, sc) 24 hr prior to administration of a typically lethal challenge dose of Cd (3.9 mg/kg, iv). Tolerance was evident because no mortality was observed in Cd pretreated rats. Since Cd induces synthesis of hepatic metallothionein (MT), a higher percentage of the challenge dose might be sequestered in the liver of Cd pretreated animals with less distributed to target organs of toxicity. At 2 and 24 hr following Cd challenge, no marked changes in organ distribution of the challenge dose of Cd were observed as a result of Cd pretreatment. However, isolation of hepatic subcellular fractions 2 hr following injection of the challenge dose revealed less Cd in nuclei, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum, and more in cytosol as a result of Cd pretreatment. The increased cytosolic Cd was bound primarily to MT which had been induced markedly by Cd pretreatment. These data indicate that differences in absorption or tissue distribution of Cd are unlikely explanations for development of tolerance to Cd. Rather, tolerance appears to result from an MT-related change in the hepatic subcellular distribution of Cd, evidenced by lower concentrations of Cd in nuclei, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and cytosolic high-molecular-weight proteins and higher concentrations bound to MT in cytosol. PMID- 6623466 TI - Discrimination of auditory from nonauditory toxicity by reflex modulation audiometry: effects of triethyltin. AB - The evaluation of toxicity in sensory systems presents particular problems because of the need to distinguish specific sensory loss from other toxic effects. It has recently been shown that modulation of reflex behavior by low intensity test stimuli can be used to provide a rapid assessment of sensory acuity and of ototoxic hearing loss. In this report the ability of the method to distinguish the known neuromuscular consequences of triethyltin (TET) from hearing loss is demonstrated. Rats treated with TET bromide (30 mg/liter) in their drinking water for 3 weeks showed a profound decrease in acoustic startle reflex amplitudes which was apparent prior to overt neuromuscular weakness and subsequent hindlimb paralysis. Following cessation of treatment, startle levels recovered to preexposure values. Despite these large changes in startle reflex amplitudes, TET treatment did not alter the ability of pure tone stimuli to modulate reflex behavior. These results indicate that TET as administered in these studies disrupted neuromuscular function but did not affect hearing. PMID- 6623467 TI - Modification of triorthotolyl phosphate toxicity in chickens by stress. AB - Chickens housed for 4.5 months in an environment of either low social stress or high social stress were administered triorthotolyl phosphate (TOTP) 180 mg/kg po. Clinical signs of delayed neuropathy were less in the low social stress group, unless moved to a high stress environment 24 hr before TOTP administration. Neurotoxic esterase activity was less than 20% of control values in all treatment groups. Birds from the low social stress group moved 24 hr prior to TOTP were more susceptible to inhibition of brain and liver cholinesterase activities following organophosphate administration. Liver microsomal enzyme activities (O demethylase and aniline hydroxylase) were lowest in unmoved low social stress birds after TOTP, possibly protecting these birds from delayed neuropathy by reducing conversion of this organophosphate to its active metabolite. PMID- 6623468 TI - Stimulation of nonbiliary, intestinal excretion of hexachlorobenzene in rhesus monkeys by mineral oil. AB - Four rhesus monkeys were administered various doses of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) po, to achieve widely varying adipose tissue levels. One month later, each animal was provided with a bile duct bypass allowing for interruption of the enterohepatic circulation (EHC). Effects of mineral oil-supplemented diet and/or interruption of the EHC on urinary, biliary, and fecal excretion of HCB and its metabolites were quantified. Urinary excretion of HCB was not affected by mineral oil but was reduced 20 to 60% by interruption of the EHC. Similarly, biliary excretion of HCB was also reduced 25 to 60% by interruption of the EHC and was not altered by mineral oil. Fecal excretion was increased about fivefold by mineral oil, whereas interruption of the EHC had no effect on the amount of HCB in feces. Results demonstrate that interruption of the EHC reduced urinary and biliary excretion of HCB metabolites, whereas mineral oil specifically stimulated intestinal excretion of the parent compound. PMID- 6623469 TI - Vascular intracardiac catheterization technique for multiphasic evaluation of rat heart in vivo. AB - Extensive in vivo classification of the latent or acute cardiotoxic manifestations associated with exposure to chemicals has been limited in the past to larger laboratory animals. To facilitate the conduct of similar studies in smaller experimental animals, a cardiologic model with the rat is introduced that permits determination of in vivo cardiac contractility (e.g., left intraventricular pressure, dP/dt) and excitability (e.g., atrioventricular node conductivity, His-Purkinje system conduction time) with subsequent biochemical analysis of the same heart. To evaluate the influence of possible surgically induced artifacts on the metabolic parameters measured, three surgical protocols were compared: invasive intracardiac catheterization, sham surgery, and nonsurgical control. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were weighed and anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. Venous blood hematocrit and serum osmolalities were determined in rats subjected to sham and intracardiac catheterization procedures. Surface limb-lead ECG recordings were obtained from rats in these two groups throughout the surgical and catheter manipulation procedures. In rats subjected to the intracardiac catheterization procedure, an electrode was inserted into the right jugular vein and advanced into the right atrium for recording the His bundle electrogram. An ultraminiature solid-state cathetertip pressure transducer was inserted into the right carotid artery and advanced into the left ventricle for recording left ventricular contractility characteristics. Upon completion of the electrode and catheter manipulations, myocardial contractility and excitability indices were assessed for time-dependent changes during a 20-min stabilization period. Subsequently, heart perchloric acid extracts were prepared from hearts frozen in liquid N2, and metabolite (e.g., ATP, ADP, AMP, IMP, phosphocreatine, inorganic phosphate) concentrations were analyzed. Cardiac contractility and excitability characteristics, including peak left intraventricular and isovolumic pressures, peak dP/dt, time to peak dP/dt, heart conduction intervals, and heart rate, stabilized within 10 min after surgery. Thereafter, no surgically induced physiologic or metabolic changes were detected relative to either sham-treated or nonsurgical controls. These findings demonstrate the feasibility and integrity of this method and suggest its potential utility for investigating the in vivo cardiotoxicity of various chemical agents using the rat as the animal model. PMID- 6623470 TI - Inhibitory effect of Fusarium T2-toxin on lymphoid DNA and protein synthesis. AB - The effect of T2-toxin on DNA and protein synthesis was investigated, both in vivo and in vitro. For mice which had been submitted to different treatment schedules (single dose, 3-, or 7-day treatment), the rate of DNA and protein biosynthesis was measured in thymus, bone marrow, liver, and spleen cells. T2 toxin inhibited DNA and protein synthesis, irrespectively of treatment schedule, in bone marrow, spleen, and thymus. In liver, after 3-day treatment, DNA and protein synthesis were both enhanced as compared to control values, whereas after 7-day treatment, only protein synthesis values remained greater than those of controls, and DNA synthesis was inhibited. After 7-day treatment, ornithine decarboxylase activity was inhibited in the thymus. In vitro, T2-toxin inhibited DNA and protein synthesis of mice spleen cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin and rat hepatoma cells. PMID- 6623471 TI - Correlations of in vitro and in vivo hepatotoxicity for five haloalkanes. AB - Five haloalkanes--CBrCl3, CCl4, CHCl3, and 1,1,1-and 1,1,2-trichloroethane (TCE)- were ranked for their relative hepatotoxicity in an in vitro system of isolated hepatocyte suspensions and in vivo by po administration of the test chemical to fasted rats of the same strain and sex as used for the hepatocytes. Cytotoxic parameters used for ranking in the in vitro system were GOT and LDH release, and the results were expressed in terms of EC50 values (the dissolved haloalkane concentration required to release 50% of the cell content of each enzyme after 2 hr of exposure) for rank determination. Cytotoxic parameters measured in vivo were SGOT and SGPT, and the ranking was based on ED50 values (the haloalkane dose that produced an above normal serum transaminase level in 50% of the test animals). With these parameters, the potency rankings in each system were the same except that of 1,1,1-TCE, which was more cytotoxic in the in vitro system than would have been expected from the animal experiments. Purification of the 1,1,1-TCE to remove stabilizers, use of phenobarbital-induced hepatocytes or hepatocytes from starved rats, and administration of the haloalkanes ip instead of po failed to improve the correlation. The discrepancy could be resolved, however, by factoring air: medium partition coefficient data into the EC50 values to take into account differences in the volatility and aqueous and lipid solubility of the chemicals, and hence their retention in vivo. These observations encourage the belief that isolated hepatocyte systems have value for ranking structurally related chemicals as to their cytotoxic potential, even though their mechanisms of action may differ. PMID- 6623472 TI - Genetic effects of 2-methoxyethanol and bis(2-methoxyethyl)ether. AB - 2-Methoxyethanol and bis(2-methoxyethyl)ether were subjected to the following assays for genetic toxicity: Ames' test, unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) assay in human embryo fibroblasts, sex-linked recessive lethal (SLRL) test in Drosophila, dominant lethal test in male rats, bone marrow metaphase analysis in male and female rats, and the sperm abnormality test in mice. In vivo test animals were exposed to atmospheric concentrations of 25 or 500 ppm 2-methoxyethanol and 250 or 1000 ppm bis(2-methoxyethyl)ether. Point mutations in Ames' test and UDS in fibroblasts were not increased by either compound, while the SLRL test gave ambiguous results which deserve further investigation. Chromosomal aberration frequencies were not increased in rat bone marrow, but there was evidence from the dominant lethal tests that both compounds have profound effects upon male rat fertility during the meiotic phase. Pregnancy frequency was greatly reduced and preimplantation losses were large. In addition, there was evidence of postimplantation losses. Sperm abnormalities were increased in mice exposed to both compounds, but particularly bis(2-methoxyethyl)ether. These effects on male reproductive cells were confined to the higher concentrations of both compounds. It was concluded that the weak mutagenic and particularly the strong antifertility effects described here are important for the safety evaluation of these ethylene glycol ethers. PMID- 6623473 TI - Methylation of liver DNA guanine in hamsters given hydrazine. AB - Formation of 7-methylguanine and O6-methylguanine in liver DNA was measured 24 hr after administration of various single oral doses of 15 to 120 mg hydrazine/kg body wt to Syrian golden hamsters, and at various times up to 96 hr after a single oral dose of 90 mg hydrazine/kg body wt. Formation of these bases in hamster liver DNA appeared similar to that reported earlier for rats and mice treated with necrogenic doses of hydrazine; however, persistence of O6 methylguanine in liver DNA following hydrazine administration was longer in hamster than in rat liver DNA. Administration of hydrazine sulfate in the drinking water of hamsters over a 9-week period resulted in accumulation of both 7-methylguanine and O6-methylguanine in liver DNA to the extent that about 2 out of every 10,000 guanine bases were methylated at each position on the base. Diethyl maleate pretreatment of hamsters depleted liver stores of glutathione and blocked DNA methylation in hydrazine-treated animals; however, buthionine sulfoximine, which also depleted glutathione stores, had no effect on the DNA methylation response to hydrazine poisoning in Sprague-Dawley rats. Hydrazine administration to hamsters and Swiss Webster mice resulted in more 7 methylguanine and O6-methylguanine in liver DNA than did administration of monomethylhydrazine, a proposed intermediate in the hydrazine-DNA methylation response. Even at the highest feasible dose of monomethylhydrazine to hamsters, no methylguanines could be detected, while these aberrant bases were readily quantifiable following hydrazine administration; thus, no evidence was obtained to support the proposal that monomethylhydrazine is an important intermediate in the methylation of DNA guanine in hydrazine-treated animals. PMID- 6623474 TI - Excretion of 14C-labeled cyanide in rats exposed to chronic intake of potassium cyanide. AB - The excretion of an acute dose of 14C-labeled cyanide in urine, feces, and expired air was studied in rats exposed to daily intake of unlabeled KCN in the diet for 6 weeks. Urinary excretion was the main route of elimination of cyanide carbon in these rats, accounting for 83% of the total excreted radioactivity in 12 hr and 89% of the total excreted radioactivity in 24 hr. The major excretion metabolite of cyanide in urine was thiocyanate, and this metabolite accounted for 71 and 79% of the total urinary activity in 12 hr and 24 hr, respectively. The mean total activity excreted in expired air after 12 hr was only 4%, and this value did not change after 24 hr. Of the total activity in expired air in 24 hr, 90% was present as carbon dioxide and 9% as cyanide. When these results were compared with those observed for control rats, it was clear that the mode of elimination of cyanide carbon in both urine and breath was not altered by the chronic intake of cyanide. PMID- 6623475 TI - Characterization of a lung epithelial cell strain with potential applications in toxicological studies. AB - An epithelial cell strain (LEC, lung epithelial cells) was established from the lungs of an adult Fischer-344 rat. The cells had properties of normal, untransformed cells in culture which include contact inhibition of growth, inability to grow in soft agar, and inability to form tumors when injected subcutaneously into syngeneic hosts. Low passage LEC were diploid, while high passage cells were aneuploid with an extra chromosome. LEC resembled type II alveolar cell in vivo in that they had lamellar inclusions in their cytoplasm, microvilli on cell surface, and that they could incorporate [14C] choline into disaturated phosphatidyl choline, a surfactant lipid. The ability of LEC to activate procarcinogens was demonstrated by co-cultivation of LEC with Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in the presence of procarcinogens benzo[a]pyrene and 3 methyl cholanthrene. While these procarcinogens were non-mutagenic to CHO cells which lacked the metabolic activation capacity, they were mutagenic when LEC were co-cultured with the CHO cells. By maintaining LEC cells on collagen gel without overlying medium, the cells could be directly exposed to noxious airborne agents. Using this technique, the cytotoxicity of NO2 was detected. Because of the lung epithelial origin, the ability to metabolize xenobiotics, and the exposure system to airborne agents, the LEC strain can be a useful and relevant in vitro system for the toxicological studies of inhalable materials. PMID- 6623476 TI - Cell proliferation in lung following acute fly ash exposure. AB - Cell proliferation was examined in the lung parenchyma, the ciliated airway epithelium and the lymph nodes of Fischer-344 rats following a 6-h exposure to fly ash obtained from the baghouse of an experimental fluidized bed combustor. The fly ash concentration was 142 mg/m3 with a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of approximately 3.0 micron and a geometric standard deviation (sigma g) of approximately 2.6. Lung deposition of fly ash was measured in the right lung to be 90 +/- 20 and 80 +/- 30 mg for male and female rats, respectively, resulting in a calculated value for male rats of (140 +/- 30 micrograms/animal) and for female rats of 130 +/- 50 micrograms/animal). Autoradiographic methods were used to detect cells that incorporated [3H] thymidine. About a 10-fold increase in labeling of the lung epithelial type II cells was observed following the 6-h fly ash exposure. There was also an increase in [3H] thymidine incorporation into DNA of alveolar macrophages. Labeling activity of macrophages within the lung was increased for up to 4 days following fly ash exposure; however, the size of the macrophage population was not altered. Following exposure, a higher labeling index was also observed in the epithelial cells of the airways. Labeling in the trachea reached a peak at 4 days after exposure while in the bronchi and in small airways (inside diameter of less than 0.35 mm) the highest level of labeling was observed at 1 day after exposure. Labeling in airway epithelial cells was increased 2-4 times above that of sham-exposed animals. Lung-associated lymph nodes accumulated particulate material and had variable amounts of [3H]thymidine incorporation. These results demonstrate that acute inhalation exposure to fly ash initiated cell division or DNA synthesis in several cell populations of lung parenchyma and airways. PMID- 6623477 TI - Chemical modulation of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane toxicity. AB - Single subcutaneous injections of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) produced dose-dependent injury to the kidney, testis, epididymis and liver of male, Fischer 344 rats. Pretreatment with the enzyme inducer phenobarbital reduced the nephrotoxic potency of DBCP. Serum creatinine and urea nitrogen concentrations were lower, and renal proximal tubular necrosis was less severe in phenobarbital pretreated than in non-pretreated rats subsequently injected with various amounts of DBCP. 3-Methylcholanthrene (3-MC) or cobaltous chloride (CoCl2) pretreatments enhanced the dose-dependent necrogenic effects of DBCP on the kidney and, in general, potentiated the DBCP-induced elevations of serum creatinine and urea nitrogen concentrations. Pre- and post-treatment with the enzyme inhibitor piperonyl butoxide had no discernable effect on the nephrotoxic potency of DBCP. The hepatotoxic potency of DBCP, as measured by elevations in the serum activities of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), and by histological analysis of the severity of centro lobular necrosis, was prevented or quantitatively reduced by phenobarbital pretreatment. 3-MC, CoCl2 or piperonyl butoxide pretreatments had no consistent effect on DBCP hepatotoxicity. The dose-dependent seminiferous tubular atrophy induced in rats by DBCP was enhanced by CoCl2 and reduced by phenobarbital. Cobalt chloride pretreatment also enhanced the DBCP-induced degeneration of the epithelium of the caput (head) epididymis, while phenobarbital blocked or reduced this effect. Neither 3-MC nor piperonyl butoxide consistently altered the gonadotoxic potency of DBCP. Cobalt chloride also enhanced, while phenobarbital reduced, the acute lethal potency of DBCP. Single-treatment, subcutaneous LD50 values for DBCP were 102 mg/kg in non-pretreated and 128 mg/kg in phenobarbital pretreated rats. The potency ratio (0.796; confidence interval, 0.728-0.871) was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). The modulating effects of CoCl2 and phenobarbital could not be ascribed simply to changes in tissue concentrations of the protective conjugation substrate glutathione, since CoCl2 increased and phenobarbital did not alter renal and hepatic non-protein sulfhydryl concentrations. These data indicate a complex role of metabolism in determining dose-dependent toxic response to DBCP administration. PMID- 6623478 TI - Ascorbic acid turnover in the mouse following acute ozone exposure. AB - Swiss Webster mice were continuously exposed to an atmosphere containing 1.5 ppm ozone (O3) for 5 days. Control mice breathed filtered air. Immediately following the exposure period each mouse was then injected with [1-14C] ascorbic acid. The rate of disappearance of [1-14C] ascorbic acid and the levels of total ascorbic acid were determined in serum, lung, liver, and the remaining carcass over a 9 day period. O3 exposure caused transient decreases in the ascorbic acid levels in liver and serum, whereas lung ascorbic acid levels increased. The apparent biological half-life of ascorbate in carcasses (minus lung and liver) from O3 exposed mice, was significantly prolonged. Significant changes were also observed in the net flux of ascorbic acid in all tissues examined. The results indicated that the change in ascorbic acid levels in a given tissue appeared to reflect changes in the rate of ascorbic acid degradation, its mobilization or tissue compartmentalization, rather than increased synthesis in response to O3 exposure. PMID- 6623479 TI - Distribution and excretion of orally administered oleic acid anilide in the rat. AB - Oleic acid anilide [aniline-14C(U)] was administered by gastric tube to male rats in a single dose (10 mg/kg body weight). After intervals of 3, 6, 24 or 120 h the excretion of radioactivity and the distribution in different organs were studied. The radioactivity was eliminated rapidly through the urine and faeces containing 62% and 38%, respectively, after 24 h. At this time the excretion was almost complete. No radioactivity could be found in the expired air. The absorbed oleic anilide was easily deacylated as evidenced by the excretion of N-acetyl-p aminophenol conjugate as the main urinary metabolite representing 60-70% of the urinary radioactivity. The radioactivity in faeces was due to the unchanged substance. Twenty-four hours after administration only 0.7% of the dose remained in the total organism with the highest concentrations in the red blood cells, spleen and forestomach. Even after 5 daily doses, an accumulation of radioactivity could not be found. PMID- 6623480 TI - The effects of the insecticide 2,2,2-trichloro-1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl acetate on drug metabolism in the rat. AB - The effects of 2,2,2-trichloro-1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl acetate (Penfenate) on hepatic, renal and small intestinal drug-metabolizing enzyme activities, hepatic reduced glutathione content and urinary excretion of thioethers were studied in the rat. A single i.p. dose of Penfenate (500 mg/kg) decreased the body weight of the animals in 1-3 days, increased hepatic protein content at 2 days and increased urinary thioether excretion 12-24 h after the treatment. In liver a single i.p. dose (500 mg/kg) enhanced cytochrome P-450 content 1.7-fold, ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activity 2.5-fold, 2,5-diphenyloxazole hydroxylase activity 1.6-fold, epoxide hydrolase activity 2.5-fold, glutathione S-transferase activity 1.4-fold and UDPglucuronosyltransferase (4-methylumbelliferone) activity 2.3-fold in 3 days. No effects could be seen 2 weeks after the treatment. Five consecutive daily doses (500 mg/kg) enhanced the drug metabolizing enzyme activities and caused a 50% mortality. A dose of 100 mg/kg had only minor effects on hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme activities. Renal and intestinal enzyme activities were only slightly affected by the administration of Penfenate. These data indicate that quite large doses of Penfenate are needed to bring about any significant effects and these effects are restricted mainly to the liver. However, the ability of Penfenate to change drug metabolizing enzyme activities must be considered when evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of this insecticide as a substitute for DDT. PMID- 6623482 TI - For those who treat spider or suspected spider bites. PMID- 6623481 TI - Urinary metallothionein and tissue metal levels of rats injected with cadmium, mercury, lead, copper or zinc. AB - Since Cd exposure results in a dose dependent increase in metallothionein level in urine, the present investigation was conducted to examine whether exposure to other divalent cations would also cause an elevation in urinary metallothionein. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were injected subcutaneously with either saline, 5 mumol/kg/day of CdCl2, HgCl2, Pb(C2H3O2)2, CuSO4 or ZnCl2 for 5 days. Significant increases in hepatic Cu levels in rats treated with not only Cu, but also Zn, Cd, or Hg, and in hepatic Zn levels in rats treated with Zn or Cd were noted. Similarly, renal Cu and Zn levels were elevated significantly in all groups except the Pb-injected group. These increases in tissue metal levels were presumably due to induction of metallothionein. The urinary metallothionein level in control rats on day 0, determined by radioimmunoassay, was 0.85 +/- 0.17 mg/g creatinine. There was no significant change in urinary metallothionein level in rats given up to 5 injections of saline or Pb. Hg-injected rats showed 25-fold increase in urinary metallothionein after 5 injections, whereas Cd-injected rats had 9-fold increase. There were also 2- and 3-fold increases of urinary metallothionein by Cu and Zn treatments for 5 days, respectively. Thus, urinary metallothionein levels were elevated in response to Cd, Hg, Cu and Zn, but not Pb; Hg had the most profound effect at equimolar doses. PMID- 6623483 TI - Separation and partial characterization of smooth muscle contractile material in the venom of the scorpion Heterometrus bengalensis. AB - A smooth muscle contractile material was separated from crude venom of the scorpion Heterometrus bengalensis (found in Eastern India) by solvent extraction, gel filtration and thin layer chromatography. Smooth muscle contractile material could be extracted, in descending order of efficiency, with methanol, butanol, ethanol and acetone. The contractile material separated by gel filtration (Sephadex G-25) when further extracted, using the Folch procedure, showed a single spot in thin layer chromatography with one solvent system. Rechromatography of an eluate from this spot with another solvent system resolved it into three spots (SL1, SL2 and SL3, the mixture being designated as Substance L) which could be visualized either with iodine vapour, ninhydrin or molybdenum reagent. Eluates from the three spots contracted guinea-pig ileum which had been pretreated with antagonists of ACh, histamine, 5-HT and prostaglandins. Substance L and its fractions (SL1, SL2 and SL3) contain inorganic phosphorus, amino nitrogen and amino sugar, which point to the likelihood of their being glycophosphatides. PMID- 6623484 TI - The mouse ciguatoxin bioassay: a dose-response curve and symptomatology analysis. AB - Chromatographically purified ciguatoxin from toxic blackfin snapper (Lutjanus buccanella) obtained from an impounded catch in the U.S. Virgin Islands was used together with a refined mouse bioassay to construct a dose-response curve. The LD50 was calculated to be 87 mg/kg and the range of ciguatoxin doses between 0% and 100% lethality was narrow (62.5-112.5 mg/kg). Symptoms appeared in a rather stereotypic pattern with the most frequent being lowered rectal temperature and reduced locomotor activity and reflexes. Diarrhea and cyanosis were common. Breathing difficulties and convulsions occurred more often at higher doses. Approximately one-half of the animals which succumbed to ciguatoxin showed convulsions at some time, often just prior to death. The mouse bioassay described permits a reproducible and moderately sensitive detection of ciguatoxicity and would, if uniformly adopted, facilitate a comparison among future reports on ciguatera research. PMID- 6623485 TI - Proteins, lipids, lipoproteins and some enzyme characterizations of the venom extract from the centipede Scolopendra morsitans. AB - Some components of Scolopendra morsitans venom extract were characterized using disc gel electrophoresis and thin layer chromatography. Its protein component was separated into 13 anodal bands and a slowly moving cathodal band. The extract showed three slowly moving lipoprotein bands and the lipid components included phospholipids, cholesterol, free fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol esters and squalene. The enzymes esterase, acid and alkaline phosphatases and amino acid naphthylamidase were present in multiple forms. Acid phosphatase isoenzymes were of low activity. PMID- 6623486 TI - [Comparative study of venoms of newborn and adult rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus durissus)]. AB - Venoms from adult and newborn Central American rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus durissus) were compared for lethal, proteolytic, hemorrhagic, myonecrotic, edematigenous and in vitro hemolytic activities. Electrophoretic and immunoelectrophoretic patterns showed some differences between these venoms. Venom from newborn snakes was devoid of hemorrhagic and edematigenous activities, whereas the venom from adult specimens induced these effects. On the other hand, newborn snake venom showed higher lethality and indirect hemolytic activity, and lower proteolytic activity, than venom from adult specimens. Both types of venoms induced only slight myonecrosis in mice, as judged by histological observation. The ED50 of an antivenom, in terms of absolute weight neutralized per ml of serum, was lower for the newborn specimens venom than for adult's venom, however, for each venom the number of LD50 neutralized was similar. PMID- 6623487 TI - Local necrotizing effect of snake venoms on skin and muscle: relationship to serum creatine kinase. AB - Twenty-five snake venoms were tested for their ability to induce an increase of serum creatine kinase (CK) level after i.m. injection (0.125-1.0 mg/kg) into rates. Of six Australian elapid venoms only those from Pseudechis colletti guttatus and P. australis produced a steep rise of CK-activity (30-70 times the normal value) 4 and 16 hr after injection (0.5 mg/kg). Viperid and crotalid venoms had only slight effects (2-5 times the normal value) even in doses of 1.0 mg/kg except for a sample of Crotalus adamanteus venom which caused a 20 fold increase in CK-level. From this venom a toxin of 5800 mol. wt. consisting of 50 amino acid residues was isolated. This toxin exhibited similarities in amino acid composition and in lethality to crotamine from Crotalus durissus terrificus and to a toxin from C. horridus horridus. The toxin from C. adamanteus induced some increase of CK-level in rats, but this does not account entirely for the activity of the crude venom, whereas crotamine and the toxin from C. horridus horridus were ineffective. Phospholipase A2 (fraction II) from Pseudechis colletti guttatus venom caused a dose-dependent increase of CK-level and myoglobinuria. Intradermal injection of snake venoms into mice is useful for testing hemorrhagic activity, but is too insensitive to measure necrotizing effects. Venom induced myonecrosis can be evaluated by assaying the CK-serum level and by histological examination. PMID- 6623488 TI - Effects of scorpion and rattlesnake venoms on the canine pancreas following pancreaticoduodenal arterial injections. AB - Three scorpion venoms caused a transitory decrease in the rate of fluid secretion and increases in the concentration, in pancreatic juice, of total protein and individual enzymes. Protein and enzyme elevations 4-7 fold over the basal levels were produced by the venom of Tityus bahiensis and 6-7 fold by venoms from Tityus serrulatus and Buthus quinquestriatus. Although these increases were smaller than those stimulated by the C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokin (OP-CCK; 8-9 fold), the secretory responses were of longer duration, so that the total output of protein caused by each of the three venoms was significantly greater than that observed with OP-CCK. Although electron microscopy revealed evidence of widespread degeneration of acinar cells at 1 hr and more extensive damage at 2 hr following injection of scorpion venom, no free protease was detected in pancreatic secretion collected during this period. The scorpion venoms also caused hypersecretion of viscid saliva. In contrast, rattlesnake venom, had no detectable effect on salivation, pancreatic secretion or morphology of the pancreas. PMID- 6623489 TI - Histopathological changes in rat myocardium caused by Vipera ammodytes ammodytes (European viper) snake venom. AB - The application of Vipera ammodytes ammodytes snake venom, either crude venom or fractions 5 and 6 of the 11 obtained from a Sephadex G-100 column, produced parenchymal degeneration of the myocardium of isolated rat hearts. PMID- 6623490 TI - Detection of common antigenic sites in lethal proteins of non-related animal venoms. AB - Monoclonal antibodies neutralizing specific coelenterate lethal toxins were used to determine the presence of homologous antigenic sites on toxin proteins of a rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus terrificus), a hornet (Vespa orientalis) and the sea wasp (Chironex fleckeri). An anti-Portuguese man-o'war toxin antibody was found useful for isolating a C. d. terrificus toxin. PMID- 6623491 TI - A mutagen produced by Fusarium moniliforme. AB - A mutagenic compound produced by Fusarium moniliforme on maize was isolated by CHCl3--iso-PrOH extraction, solvent partitioning and liquid chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. HPLC studies showed that different mutagenic and non-mutagenic forms can be derived from the mutagen (P3) and that prolonged exposure to longwave u.v. light and to high temperatures causes a total loss of its u.v. absorption and mutagenic characteristics. Spectral data presented for P3 include u.v., i.r., mass spectra as well as 1H NMR and 13C NMR. Mass spectral data indicated a molecular formula of C23H29NO7. PMID- 6623493 TI - Mode of neuromuscular blocking action of a toxic phospholipase A2 from Pseudocerastes fieldi (Field's horned viper) snake venom. AB - The effects of a toxic phospholipase A2 (Fr.Cb) isolated from the venom of Pseudocerastes fieldi were studied on the chick biventer cervicis muscle and the mouse phrenic nerve--diaphragm preparations. In the chick muscle, Fr.Cb (10 micrograms/ml) caused complete neuromuscular blockade without producing contracture or affecting the response of the muscle to acetylcholine. In the mouse diaphragm, Fr.Cb blocked the indirectly elicited contraction without affecting that evoked directly. In a low calcium medium (0.5 mM), Fr.Cb produced a triphasic change of the indirectly elicited contractions. The frequency of miniature endplate potentials (m.e.p.p.s) in the mouse diaphragm was first increased 3--4 fold 40 min after toxin (10 micrograms/ml) application, then gradually decreased, while the amplitude of m.e.p.p.s. was not decreased, even after the evoked release of transmitter had failed. Giant m.e.p.p.s were frequently observed. The quantal content first increased and then decreased gradually. The resting membrane potential and the compound phrenic nerve action potential were not significantly affected by the toxin at 10 micrograms/ml after 2 hr of incubation. The motor nerve terminals in the Fr.Cb intoxicated mouse diaphragm showed swelling and vacuolization of both synaptic vesicles and mitochondria. It is concluded that the toxin produces a neuromuscular blockade by acting selectively on the presynaptic site. PMID- 6623492 TI - Phospholipid hydrolysis in serum lipoproteins by a basic phospholipase A2 from Naja nigricollis snake venom and an acidic phospholipase A2 from Naja naja atra snake venom. AB - Apparent Km and Vmax values for PC and PE hydrolysis were determined following exposure of HDL, LDL, and VLDL to a basic phospholipase A2 from N. nigricollis snake venom and an acidic phospholipase A2 from N. nigricollis snake venom and an acidic phospholipase A2 from N. n. atra snake venom. Both enzymes hydrolyzed the lipoprotein phospholipids approximately as fast as they hydrolyzed pure phospholipids in mixed micelles, however, the N. nigricollis enzyme, which has a much stronger anticoagulant effect than the N. n. atra enzyme, had lower apparent Vmax values. These values were highest for phospholipids in VLDL and lowest for HDL, however, the differences between the lipoproteins were relatively small with the N. nigricollis enzyme while the differences were much larger with the N. n. atra enzyme. Fractions of the two enzymes in which varying numbers of lysines were carbamylated showed much larger differences in relative rates of phospholipid hydrolysis in HDL, LDL and VLDL. Triton X-100 eliminates these differences in rates of hydrolysis. These results are discussed in terms of the differences in the organized structure of the lipoprotein classes and in the penetration ability of the phospholipases. PMID- 6623494 TI - The occurrence of paralytic shellfish toxins in two species of xanthid crab from Suva barrier reef, Fiji Islands. AB - Five species of crabs commonly occurring on Suva barrier reef, Fiji Islands, were tested for the presence of paralytic shellfish toxins. All 35 specimens of Atergatis floridus and all 18 specimens of Zosimus aeneus tested were lethal to mice, whilst none of 12 specimens of Carpilius maculatus, 8 of C. convexus and 10 of Eriphia sebana tested were lethal. A. floridus contained saxitoxin (55--60%), neosaxitoxin (35--40%), gonyautoxin-II (less than 5%) and a new toxin previously found in a toxic dinoflagellate, Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressa, and tentatively coded PBT (1%). Z. aeneus contained the same components, with additional trace amounts of gonyautoxin-I and III, but neosaxitoxin was the major component in this species. Comparison with the results of testing Okinawan specimens of Z. aeneus, A. floridus and Platipodia granulosa suggests that the toxin profile is specific to species. PMID- 6623495 TI - Preliminary studies on the venom of the colubrid snake Rhabdophis subminatus (red necked keelback). AB - Following the bite by Rhabdophis subminatus, preliminary studies were instituted on its venom to determine the mechanism of the clinical poisoning. A method for milking these snakes is presented. The i.v. LD50 in mice was 1.29 mg/kg. Three peaks were obtained on Sephadex G-100 and although none were lethal by themselves, a combination of two of the peaks produced immediate death in mice. The venom had no phosphodiesterase, fibrinolytic or thrombin-like activities, but it did have some phospholipase activity. Further biochemical and pharmacological studies are in progress. PMID- 6623496 TI - In vitro neurotoxic esterase assay using leptophos oxon analogs as inhibitors. AB - In comparing neurotoxic esterase (NTE) inhibition properties of a series of phenylphosphonates, it was discovered that certain compounds including leptophos inhibited mipafox-insensitive phenylvalerate hydrolases. This leads to erroneous values for NTE inhibition which can be corrected by a differential assay: the total amount of mipafox-insensitive activity is determined with O-(2,6 dichlorophenyl)O-methyl phenylphosphonate and subtracted from the apparent NTE determined with the test compound before calculating pI50's. PMID- 6623497 TI - Phenylbutazone-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat. AB - Male Wistar rats showed reduced urinary concentrating ability after 2 weeks' administration of phenylbutazone at 200 mg/kg/day. Male Sprague-Dawley rats showed progressive proteinuria and developed renal papillary necrosis when given phenylbutazone at 200 mg/kg/day for 13 weeks. It is suggested that strain differences exist in the nephrotoxic profiles of rats given high doses of phenylbutazone. PMID- 6623498 TI - Toxicity of nitrite and dimethylamine in rats. AB - Weanling male Wistar strain rats were administered, through the drinking water, nitrite (0.2%) and dimethylamine (DMA) (0.2%), either singly or in combination for 9 months. Some animals also received 0.5% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in the diet. Nitrite, as well as DMA, caused higher in vitro lipoperoxidation, free lysosomal enzyme activities and cytosolic superoxide dismutase activity in liver. Some of these increases viz., the enzyme activities in liver, were counteracted to a significant extent in the rats receiving a dietary supplement of BHT. The results indicate that nitrite and DMA may induce toxicity through some free radical reactions and that BHT can provide some protection. PMID- 6623500 TI - The effect of cyclohexylamine on the embryo following oral administration to mice and rats. AB - The possible embryotoxic effects of cyclohexylamine hydrochloride doses (expressed as free base) of 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg of body weight per day administered orally in water to mice and rats from the 6th to 15th day post coitum were investigated. Treatment with daily doses of up to 100 mg/kg of body weight to mice and of up to 30 mg/kg to rats had no adverse effect on the mothers and the embryos. In the rat the dose of 100 mg/kg led to decreased weight gain in the mothers during the treatment period. In parallel, a non-specific retardation of the embryo was found, since the weight of the foetus and of the placenta were significantly reduced. Cyclohexylamine had neither a teratogenic effect nor a primary toxic effect on the embryo in either of the animal species. The tolerated dose without any harm for the development of the embryo was 100 mg/kg/day in mice and 30 mg/kg/day in rats. PMID- 6623499 TI - A repeated dose study of the toxicity of technical grade dibenz-(b.f.)-1,4 oxazepine in mice and hamsters. AB - The repeated dose inhalation toxicology of technical grade dibenz-(b.f.)-1,4 oxazepine (CR) was studied in mice and hamsters. The animals were exposed 5 days/week for 18 weeks and retained until 1 year after the start of exposure. CR, at high doses, affected survival of both species, nevertheless the material produced little specific organ-directed toxicity. PMID- 6623501 TI - Studies with chlorambucil. I. Effect on lactate dehydrogenase in the testes of albino rabbits treated with multiple doses of chlorambucil. AB - Treatment with multiple sub-lethal doses of chlorambucil resulted in lower activity levels and specific activity of LDH and low protein content in the testes of albino rabbits. Electrophoretic analysis and assay of individual isozymes eluted from DEAE-Sephadex A-50 indicated that this loss in activity was related to the differential and/or selective action of chlorambucil on LDH4, which was affected most, while LDH3 and LDH5 were affected to a lesser degree. Kinetic inhibitory studies on purified rabbit muscle LDH in vitro revealed that chlorambucil in the reaction mixture binds to non-active enzyme sites resulting in non-competitive irreversible inhibition of LDH. PMID- 6623502 TI - The effects of dietary gum karaya (Sterculia) in man. AB - Following a 7-day control period, 5 male volunteers consumed 10.5 g gum karaya (GK) daily for 21 days. Measurements before and at the end of the test period showed that the ingestion of GK had no significant effect on the following: intestinal transit time, faecal wet or dry weight, concentrations of faecal fat, total and individual volatile fatty acids, bile acids, and neutral sterols; breath hydrogen and methane concentrations; glucose tolerance; serum cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids; plasma biochemistry; haematological indices; urinalysis parameters. The daily test intake, which was large in relation to the very minor amounts of GK used in foodstuffs, did not cause any toxic effects in terms of the wide range of measurements made; moreover the GK had no metabolic action of any consequence. PMID- 6623503 TI - Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) levels and serum activities of liver enzymes following acute CCl4 intoxication. AB - Peak levels of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) as determined by head-space gas chromatography were observed 3-6 h following an acute oral dose of CCl4 in the blood, liver and fat of rats. Subsequently, there was a rapid decline of CCl4 levels. Conversely, serum activities of enzymes originating from the liver such as glutamate oxalacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) increased considerably and showed activity peaks between 12-48 h following CCl4 administration, indicating a delayed response of CCl4 on the activity levels of enzymes in the blood. PMID- 6623504 TI - Elimination- and biodistribution studies of [14C]dodecylbenzene sulfonate in rats, following low dosing in the daily diet and a single i.p. administration. AB - 14C-labelled sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (DBS) was administered daily in the diet at a concentration of 1.4 mg/kg to male rats for 5 weeks. From the total uptake (1.213 +/- 0.08 mg/animal) of DBS, 81.8% was excreted during the dosing period; 52.4% in feces and 29.4% in urine. Low levels of [14C]DBS-derived residues were detected in all tissues analyzed on day 35 of the experiment. Following 1 week on normal diet only 7.8% of the nominally stored amount of 14C was found in the excreta. Single i.p. application of 0.385 mg [14C]DBS/rat (2.26 +/- 0.15 mg/kg body wt.) resulted in a total elimination of 94.5% within 10 days. 84.7% of the dose was eliminated in the first 24 h. All fecal and renal [14C]DBS derived activity consisted of highly polar metabolites. PMID- 6623506 TI - Mutagenesis of amino acid pyrolysis products in Chinese hamster V79 cells. AB - The mutagenic effects of Trp-P-1, Trp-P-2, Glu-P-1, Glu-P-2, Lys-P-1, MeA alpha C, A alpha C, MeIQ and IQ on Chinese hamster V79 cells with or without X irradiated Syrian hamster embryo cells were examined. Of these products, only Trp P-2 and Lys-P-1 induced ouabain-resistant mutants of Chinese hamster V79 cells in a dose-related fashion; X-irradiated Syrian hamster embryo cells were required for the mutagenicity of Lys-P-1, but not for that of Trp-P-2. None of the other pyrolysis products examined was mutagenic with or without X-irradiated Syrian hamster embryo cells. PMID- 6623507 TI - Delayed dimethylformamide biotransformation after high exposures in rats. AB - Rats were exposed to two dimethylformamide (DMF) air concentrations (2250 and 565 ppm for 4 h). Concentrations of DMF and the biotransformation product monomethylformamide (MMF) were measured in blood and some tissues at different times after the end of exposure. MMF concentrations 0 and 3 h after the end of the high exposure were generally lower than MMF concentrations at the same time after the low exposure. The results suggest that DMF biotransformation to MMF is delayed after the high exposure. As the hepatotoxic effect of DMF has been correlated with MMF, this could contribute to the previously observed slower appearance of hepatotoxicity after a high compared to a low DMF dose. PMID- 6623505 TI - A note on the utility of Fischer-344 rat in the micronucleus test. AB - Bone marrow smears from Fischer-344 rats possessed such a high incidence of basophilic granules that accurate detection of micronucleated erythrocytes was not possible. In contrast, preparations from Sprague-Dawley rats had far fewer such granules, so that the micronucleated marrow cells were clearly visualized and counted. The difference in the incidence of basophilic granules was attributed to strain differences in mast cell population size. PMID- 6623508 TI - Distribution of trimethyltin in various tissues of the male mouse. AB - Trimethyltin (TMT) levels were determined in various tissues of male mice at 1, 2, 4, 6, 10 and 16 h after administration (4.26 mg/kg; i.p.). Peak TMT levels in kidneys, liver, blood, lungs and testes were observed at 1 h following administration. Penetration into the brain, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue was also observed where maximum TMT levels were achieved 6-16 h following administration. 16 h post-treatment, the order of mean tissue concentrations, of the compound was: liver greater than testes greater than kidneys greater than lungs greater than brain greater than skeletal muscle greater than adipose tissue greater than blood. TMT was retained at peak levels in most tissues until, by 16 h, the animals exhibited tremors and convulsions followed by death. The mean concentration of TMT in the brain associated with delayed (central nervous system) (CNS) excitability at 16 h was 1.53 micrograms/g of wet tissue. These results indicate that TMT rapidly distributes and, although water-soluble, persists in tissues following an i.p. administration. PMID- 6623509 TI - Localization of 1,6-[14C]diaminohexane (HMDA) in the prostate and the effects of HMDA on early gestation in Fischer-344 rats. AB - Following oral administration of 1,6-[14C]diaminohexane (hexamethylenediamine, HMDA) to male Fischer-344 rats, approx. 20% of the administered dose was recovered as 14CO2 after 72 h. Urinary and fecal excretion accounted for 47% and 27% of the administered radioactivity, respectively. Of several tissues examined, the highest concentrations of residual radioactivity were found in the prostate at 24 and 72 h post-administration. Daily administration of HMDA (200 mg/kg/day) by gavage to pregnant female rats for 2 weeks starting on gestation day 0 did not affect litter size in these animals. PMID- 6623510 TI - The effect of BCNU (carmustine) on tissue glutathione reductase activity. AB - A single, 50 mg/kg i.p. dose of 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) to mice significantly inhibited glutathione reductase activity in liver within 10 min, and in lung and heart within 30 min. Maximal inhibition was reached at 4 h in all tissues and glutathione reductase activity remained significantly depressed for 48 h in liver and for 96 h in lung and heart. BCNU doses of less than 25 mg/kg had no effect on glutathione reductase activity. Increasing the BCNU dose to 100 mg/kg caused greater inhibition of glutathione reductase activity in all tissues. In spite of significantly decreased glutathione reductase activity, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were unaffected in all tissues both 1 and 24 h after 50 mg/kg BNCU. These results suggest that lower than normal glutathione reductase activity is sufficient to maintain GSH levels. These results also demonstrate that BCNU inhibits tissue glutathione reductase activity for several days, but only at doses significantly greater than previously reported. PMID- 6623511 TI - Kinetics of tissue distribution and elimination of 4,4'-methylene bis(2 chloroaniline) in rats. AB - The tissue distribution kinetics and elimination of 4,4'-methylene bis(2 chloroaniline) (MBOCA) in rats was studied after a single dose of [14C]MBOCA (0.49 mg/kg body weight, i.v.). The highest concentrations of radioactivity were in the small intestine, liver, adipose, lung, kidney, skin, and adrenals. For most tissues, a rapid decrease in radioactivity was followed by a slower decrease except for the small intestine, adipose and skin which demonstrated transient increases. Subcellular distribution in liver at 1 h showed radioactivity in all cell fractions. Although very lipophilic, [14C]MBOCA was completely eliminated within 48 h with the major route via the feces (73.4%). PMID- 6623512 TI - Testes weight reflect ethylnitrosourea induced histopathology in mice. AB - The powerful mutagen/carcinogen ethylnitrosourea (ENU) decreases testis weight in mice. A histopathological cause was determined for this effect. Groups of 3 mice were injected with 0, 50, 100 or 200 mg ENU/kg b.w. and were killed 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 13 or 15 weeks later. Microscopic examination of PAS-hematoxylin-stained sections showed a dose-and-time-dependent loss of germ cells from the seminiferous tubules 1-7 weeks after treatment followed by recovery from the damage. Testis weight decrease and recovery followed a similar course. PMID- 6623513 TI - Effects of fungal metabolites on the germination of sweet fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) seeds. AB - The metabolites of some test fungi adversely affected the seed germination. The maximum reduction was caused by a culture filtrate of Penicillium citrinum followed by Fusarium moniliforme and F. equiseti, while the minimum was caused by Mucor sp. A gradual increase in effective metabolite production was observed by all the fungi up to 15 days. PMID- 6623514 TI - Exposure of professional pest control operator to dichlorvos (DDVP) and residue on house structures. AB - Each of the 13 human volunteers carried out a 1-day urban pest control work in 4 homes using 10-14 aerosol cans (230-330 g dichlorvos (DDVP] and 18-22 pints of 0.5% emulsion spray (40-50 g DDVP). Average residue levels of 75.85 micrograms/ft2, 40.9 micrograms/ft2 were found on the applicator's back, chest and respirator filter, respectively. Residue on the house structure was 219.7 micrograms/ft2 on the first day, which fell to 50.9 micrograms/ft2 by the end of 5 days. Blood and urine analyses revealed no changes in various clinical parameters, including serum cholinesterase levels. PMID- 6623515 TI - Uptake of elemental mercury by brain in relation to concentration of glutathione and activity of glutathione peroxidase. AB - Uptake of mercury by brain after i.v. injection of elemental mercury was investigated in the rat, after depletion of glutathione or inhibition of glutathione peroxidase in brain tissue. When glutathione in brain was depleted 76% by an intraventricular injection of diethylmaleate, a 13% increase in mercury uptake by brain was observed. After an intraventricular injection of iodoacetate, activity of glutathione peroxidase in brain was inhibited 19% and the content of reduced glutathione was decreased 20%. In these animals mercury uptake by brain increased 66% relative to controls. PMID- 6623517 TI - Effect of hemagglutinin extracts on acetylcholinesterase activity in some brain areas of weanling rats. AB - Two trials involving male and female weanling albino rats (Wistar strain) were conducted to investigate the effects of cowpea and limabean hemagglutinin extracts on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in different parts of the brain. The results show that AChE activity varies with brain region. Cowpea hemagglutinin significantly inhibited AChE activity in the pons of male and female rats, while limabean hemagglutinin significantly inhibited AChE activities in the pons of both male and female rats, in the hippocampus of female rats and in the medulla, cerebellum and midbrain of male rats. Inhibition of AChE activities was more pronounced in male or female rats inoculated with a mean lethal dose of either phytohemagglutinin, than in those inoculated with a sublethal dose. PMID- 6623516 TI - Sulfhydryl oxidation in rat nasal mucosal tissues after chlorine inhalation. AB - Male F-344 rats were exposed to target concentrations of 2.5, 5, or 10 ppm Cl2 for various amounts of time, after which respiratory and olfactory nasal mucosal tissues were analyzed for changes in total sulfhydryl (TSH) content. No changes in olfactory mucosa TSH content were observed at the maximum Cl2 exposure. Decreases in content of respiratory mucosa TSH were seen after 6 hr exposures to 5 ppm and 10 ppm, but not 2.5 ppm. The concentration of TSH returned to control values 19 hr after termination of exposure. Analysis of TSH changes in concentration X time (CT) studies suggested that decreases in TSH were dependent on the airborne concentration of Cl2 and not on 'dose' (the CT product). The results suggest that inhaled Cl2 can oxidize tissue sulfhydryl groups at the point of entry, but not at deeper regions of the respiratory tract. PMID- 6623518 TI - Effect of toluene on the hemolytic resistance of rat erythrocytes. AB - The effect of toluene on rat erythrocyte hemolytic resistance was studied both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, toluene at concentrations up to 1000 ppm showed a marked antihemolytic effect, the maximum being at 300 ppm. Above 1000 ppm, an increase in the hypotonic hemolysis was seen. The antihemolytic effect of toluene was temperature-dependent. Elevation of temperature diminished the ability of toluene to protect erythrocytes. In the in vivo experiments, when the rats breathed 2000 ppm of toluene in an inhalation chamber for 7 days and for 21 days (6 h/day), the antihemolytic effect of toluene was evident. Our results demonstrate that toluene, at moderate concentrations, increases the hemolytic resistance of rat erythrocytes in hypotonic media both in vitro and in inhalation exposures in vivo. PMID- 6623519 TI - Atropine inhibits bone resorption induced by high dose of zinc in rats. AB - A single oral administration of high amounts of zinc (Zn) induced hypocalcemia and bone resorption in rats. Atropine inhibited both effects thus supporting the hypothesis that the effect of Zn administration on bone results from the hypocalcemia mediated by acetylcholine. PMID- 6623520 TI - The relationship between itai-itai disease among inhabitants of the Jinzu River basin and cadmium in rice. AB - Women over 50 years of age in 32 cadmium(Cd)-polluted and 16 nonpolluted hamlets were studied. Itai-itai disease patients and proteinuria with glucosuria were used as indices of the effect of Cd on health. Unpolished rice samples were collected from 568 households in the same area and analyzed for Cd. The hamlet's average Cd concentration in rice was used as an index of Cd exposure. A close relationship between Cd exposure and health effects was found to exist when the women were classified according to their hamlet average rice-Cd concentrations. It is demonstrated that a dose-response relationship between Cd exposure and itai itai disease exists. PMID- 6623521 TI - Autoradiography in mice of tritiated 2-(2-furyl)benzimidazole and melanin-binding in vitro. AB - The distribution of tritiated 2-(2-furyl)benzimidazole ([3H]FB) in male and pregnant albino mice and male pigmented mice was studied by whole-body autoradiography. The most notable finding was the accumulation of radioactivity in the melanin-containing tissues of the eye, the inner ear and the hair follicles. An additional study in vitro on isolated bovine-eye melanin showed a substantial binding of [3H]FB to the melanin. The general distribution was characterized by a rapid excretion pattern, except for uptake in the thyroid and nasal mucosa. Transfer to fetuses was significant and the fetal distribution was dominated by excretion. PMID- 6623522 TI - Effects of subacute treatment with toluene on central monoamine receptors in the rat. Reduced affinity in [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine binding sites and in [3H]spiperone binding sites linked to dopamine receptors. AB - Subacute treatment with toluene leads to a dose-related reduction of affinity in the [3H]spiperone binding sites labeling striatal dopamine (DA) receptors of the D2 type and cortical [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-binding sites. It is suggested that these results represent a down regulation of activity at striatal DA and cortical 5-HT synapses, since they now may operate at higher concentrations of transmitters. The reduced affinity may be caused by the physicochemical properties of toluene leading to changes in membrane fluidity and thus in the regulation of DA and 5-HT receptors in the local circuits of the striatum and the dorsal cerebral cortex. PMID- 6623523 TI - Transfer of [3H]pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Senecio vulgaris L. and metabolites into rat milk and tissues. AB - [3H]Retronecine and [3H]necic acid-labelled senecionine and seneciphylline were prepared biosynthetically with seedlings of Senecio vulgaris L. using [2,3 3H]putrescine and [4,5-3H]isoleucine, respectively, as precursors. Lactating rats dosed with these differently labelled pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) excreted within 3 h approx. 0.08% of the applied radioactivity in the milk mainly as yet not identified water-soluble retronecine-derived metabolites and with approx. 0.02% as unchanged PAs. Highest tissue levels of PAs and metabolites, 6 h after administration, were found in liver and lungs. PMID- 6623524 TI - Additive effect of nitrogen oxides and cold stress on circulating leukocyte counts in rats. AB - To study the combined effect of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and cold stress on circulating leukocyte counts, the numbers of total leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils were counted in rats after 3 h exposure to NOx and/or cold stress. There was a tendency for both NOx and cold stress to increase the total leukocyte count and the neutrophil count, and to decrease the eosinophil count. The data indicated that the effects of NOx and cold stress were additive when they acted simultaneously. PMID- 6623525 TI - Separation of paraoxon and mipafox sensitive esterases by sucrose density gradient sedimentation. AB - Paraoxon- and mipafox-sensitive phenyl valerate (PV) hydrolases found in chicken nervous tissue were solubilized by Triton X-100 and separated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Enzyme activity from chick embryo brain with properties of neurotoxic esterase (NTE, insensitive to 40 microM paraoxon, sensitive to 50 microM mipafox) migrated in a 9S peak. PMID- 6623526 TI - Ammonia-induced change in the hepatic glutathione level of an air-breathing freshwater teleost Channa punctatus (Bloch). AB - Exposure to ammonia (NH4OH) for 48 h resulted in greater than 50% depletion of the hepatic glutathione pool in Channa punctatus (Bloch). Removal of fish to ammonia free ambience induced a rapid and excessive resynthesis of glutathione within 24 h. This level, however, decreased within 5 days of return to ammonia free fresh water. It is concluded that ammonia stress in a freshwater air breathing teleost is counteracted by the glutathione system of detoxication of xenobiotics and resynthesis of glutathione is induced by short-term exposure to ammonia followed by transfer to ammonia-free water. PMID- 6623527 TI - Intact rat liver nuclei catalyze adriamycin irreversible interactions with DNA and nuclear proteins. AB - Male rat liver intact nuclear preparations are able to metabolize adriamycin to reactive species that irreversibly interact with nuclear DNA and proteins in the presence of reduced NADPH. This process was not inhibited by 1 mM SKF-525A, suggesting that a nuclear monooxygenase enzymatic system was not involved. PMID- 6623528 TI - Effect of zinc, cadmium or copper on mercury distribution in rat tissues. AB - Distribution and retention of mercury in the presence of zinc, cadmium or copper was studied in rats exposed repeatedly to these metals. Whole-body retention of mercury under influence of zinc and cadmium was slightly lower than that observed in animals treated with mercury alone; however, copper decreased whole-body retention by over 50%. Combined administration of mercury and various metals changed the distribution of mercury in the subcellar fractions of kidney and liver. Zinc, cadmium and copper decreased incorporation of mercury in metallothionein-like proteins (MT) in the kidney; however, in the liver mercury was bound mainly by MT. It seems very likely that one metal may induce changes in the distribution of another by processes other than a single displacement interaction. PMID- 6623530 TI - A novel approach to the search for in vitro alternatives to in vivo eye irritancy testing. AB - Cytotoxicity in terms of haemolytic potency in vitro of eight surfactants failed to correlate with in vivo rabbit eye irritancy. Ability of the same surfactants to block spontaneous contractions of mouse and rabbit isolated ileum (especially the latter), correlated better with in vivo findings in rabbit eyes. Effectiveness in blocking ileum contractions may depend both on ability to penetrate this tissue and to act at the target site. Using isolated tissue preparations offers a novel approach to the search for in vitro alternatives to in vivo eye irritancy testing. PMID- 6623529 TI - Tissue trace elements and lung superoxide dismutase activity in mice exposed to ozone. AB - Adult male Swiss-Webster mice were continuously exposed to 1.2 ppm ozone (O3) for 5 days. Lung wet weight was increased 100% by the O3 exposure. Total lung zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) were significantly higher in the exposed mice. Changes in the metal concentrations in other tissue appeared to reflect more the nutritional status of the animal rather than extra-pulmonary effects of O3. Total lung Cu-Zn- and Mn-superoxide dismutase activity was also elevated by O3-exposure. These data suggest that the effects of ozone exposure on tissue trace element status are confined to the lung. PMID- 6623531 TI - Comparative kinetics of benz(a)anthracene, chrysene and triphenylene in rats after oral administration. I. Study with single compounds. AB - Distribution and elimination of benz(a)anthracene (B(a)A), chrysene (Ch), and triphenylene (Tr) were compared after oral administration of the single compounds to 7-8-week-old female rats. These four-ring isomers were chosen because of their different carcinogenicity. The compounds have high affinity for lipid-rich tissues such as brain, mammary and parametrial adipose tissue. The relative availability of these compounds in the tissues examined decreased in the order Tr greater than B(a)A greater than Ch, but fecal elimination diminished in the opposite order Ch greater than B(a)A greater than Tr. Availability and fecal elimination of single polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were influenced by the dose and concentration of PAH in the vehicle. PMID- 6623532 TI - Local neurotoxicity of methylmethacrylate monomer. AB - A technique was devised which allowed a controlled exposure to methylmethacrylate liquid on rat tail skin. The procedure was repeated 3 h daily for 8 weeks. This caused keratolysis without ulcerations in the exposed skin and abnormal muscle responses to stimulation of the rat tail motor nerves by a skin electrode through the treated area after 4 weeks of exposure. The motor conduction time did not differ from controls. The results point to a local neurotoxic reaction by the absorbed methylmethacrylate. This technique may prove valuable in experiments on the determination of dermal and local toxicity of new chemicals. PMID- 6623533 TI - Rabbit liver microsomal 2-acetylamino- and 2-aminofluorene N-hydroxylase. AB - Rabbit liver microsomes N-hydroxylate both 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) and 2 aminofluorene (2-AF). They also deacetylate N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-OH 2-AAF). The enzymic activity towards the two substrates is the same but the enzyme has a higher affinity for the arylamide than for the arylamine. With regard to various modifiers added in vitro, rabbit liver microsomal N-hydroxylase behaves like those of rat, hamster and mouse. However, it is less effectively inhibited by the substituted imidazole derivative, Miconazole (MN). None of the enzymic properties of the rabbit liver microsomal N-hydroxylase investigated explains the resistance of this tissue to the carcinogenic effect of 2-AAF. PMID- 6623534 TI - Soluble glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes in rat brain. AB - The soluble glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoenzymes in rat brain were investigated using 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as the second substrate. The percentages of the different CDNB-GST isoenzymes found were: anionic GST: 3.7%, GST D + E: 35.3%, GST C: 27.9%, GST B: 0.5%, GST A: 13.9% and GST AA: 18.6%. The percentages of isoenzymes are quite different from those measured in liver, testis and prostate. An important detoxication role of GST in brain is suggested. PMID- 6623535 TI - Prevention of thioacetamide-induced liver necrosis by prior administration of substrates of microsomal flavin-containing monooxygenase. AB - Prior administration of chlorpromazine (CPZ), imipramine (IMP), mercaptoethylamine (MEA), 1-(1-naphthyl)2-thiourea (ANTU) or phenyl-thiocarbamide (PTC) but not 1,4-dithio-1-threitol (DTT), was able effectively to prevent most of thioacetamide (TAC) -induced liver necrosis. These and previous observations suggest that liver microsomal flavin-containing monooxygenase critically controls the process of activation of TAC to the ultimate necrogen. PMID- 6623536 TI - Subacute toxicity of Basalin in rats. AB - Basalin, a herbicide, was administered orally to male rats at doses ranging from 60 mg to 1.92 g/kg for 13 weeks. Oral LD50 of the compound was 1.65 g/kg. Toxic effects included hyperexcitability and tremors. The cumulative lethal dose (CLD50) at the end of week 13 was 135 mg/kg with a cumulative toxicity factor (CTF) of 12.22. At 1.92 g/kg, no animals survived to 13 weeks. At 60 and 120 mg/kg, there were no significant changes in body weight gain compared with the controls and a significant decrease in total leukocyte count (TLC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and Hb was observed. There was a decrease in spermatogenesis and infiltration of mononucleated cells in the liver. PMID- 6623537 TI - In vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity of possible uracil metabolites of methylxanthines. AB - The present study was designed to elucidate the cytotoxic potential of 8 possible substituted uracilic metabolites of methylxanthines. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) was used as a reference uracil analogue with cytotoxic activity. Substituted uracil derivatives examined in this study did not affect the proliferative capacity of PHA-stimulated rat lymphocytes, murine L1210 leukaemia and rat chondrocytes. Caffeine had some growth inhibitory activity of extremely high concentrations (greater than 100 micrograms/ml). In vivo administration of 6-amino-5[N-methyl formylamino]1,3-dimethyluracil (1,3,7-TAU) and 6-amino-5[N-acetylamino]3 methyluracil (7-A3-MAU) caused a transient short-lived reduction of L1210 tumour cell numbers. These observations do not appear to support the hypothesis that substituted uracils are involved in the toxicity of high doses of caffeine in rats. PMID- 6623538 TI - Renal excretion of fluoride during water diuresis and induced urinary pH-changes in man. AB - Fluoride renal clearance (CF) was studied in young healthy subjects with standard clearance technique following administration of 3 mg F as a 30-min constant infusion. High urinary flow rates were induced and experiments were performed under both urinary alkaline and acidic conditions. The data showed that a high urinary flow resulted in maximum fluoride clearance. High water diuresis may therefore be an important part in the treatment of acute fluoride intoxication. PMID- 6623539 TI - Methimazole-induced modulation of thiobenzamide bioactivation and toxicity. AB - The formation of thiobenzamide-S-oxide (TBSO) from thiobenzamide (TB) by rat liver microsomes was competitively inhibited by methimazole (MMI; 1-methyl-2 mercaptoimidazole), a known substrate and inhibitor of the microsomal FAD containing monooxygenase. S-oxidation was also temporarily depressed in liver microsomes obtained from MMI-treated rats. When administered in vivo, MMI alleviated TB-induced liver necrosis in a dose-dependent manner; moreover, a significant decrease in the serum concentration of TBSO was observed. The protective effect of MMI against the necrogenic effect of TB could arise from competition of these two chemicals for the same bioactivating system, leading to a lower production of the liver damaging metabolite, TBSO. PMID- 6623540 TI - Effect of vitamin C on acute paracetamol poisoning. AB - The effects of vitamin C on acute paracetamol poisoning were studied in mice. Given orally at 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg, either simultaneously or 2 h after the oral administration of 875 mg/kg of paracetamol, vitamin C did not cause any decrease in the mortality rate. In similar conditions in previous experiments methionine and cysteine were shown to be very effective antidotes. PMID- 6623542 TI - Impairment of mitochondrial electron transport by tetrachloroethylene. AB - Impairment of electron transport was studied in rat liver sonicated submitochondrial particles. The most susceptible portion was located from NADH dehydrogenase to coenzyme Q. Tetrachloroethylene increased the Michaelis constant (Km) and decreased the maximum velocity (Vmax) of cytochrome c reduction by NADH cytochrome c reductase. The results suggest that tetrachloroethylene does not represent a specific inhibitor of the particular carrier but decreased the electron flow at the susceptible portion in the mitochondrial inner membrane. PMID- 6623541 TI - The induction of methaemoglobin by p-aminophenones. AB - Four aminophenones were administered to dogs. Orally p-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) was the most effective methaemoglobin former, while p-aminoheptanoylphenone (PAHpP) was the least effective. p-Aminovalerylphenone (PAVP) and p aminohexanoylphenone (PAHP) were of intermediate efficacy. With oral PAPP, PAVP and PAHP there was no clear cut relationship between acyl chain length and the timing of peak mean methaemoglobin levels. When PAPP or PAHP were administered intravenously the latter produced lower and later peak methaemoglobin levels than the former. PMID- 6623543 TI - Age-related susceptibility to aspirin-induced nephrotoxicity in female rats. AB - The effect of puberty on aspirin-induced renal necrosis in female Sprague-Dawley rats was observed. Rats aged 31 days were unaffected by aspirin administration, but 55-day-old rats showed segmental cortical tubular necrosis after a single dose of 1000 mg/kg of aspirin. Urinary gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) and proteinuria were useful non-invasive indicators of these necrotic changes. PMID- 6623544 TI - Relationship of body weight to disposition of hexachlorobenzene in rats. AB - Male rats of various body weights were dosed twice with [14C]hexachlorobenzene (50 mg/kg, p.o.) in olive oil by gavage on 2 consecutive days. During 2 weeks after dosage, cumulative excretion into urine was about 1% of the dose and unrelated to body weight. Cumulative excretion into feces was 30 +/- 10% of the dose and decreased with increasing body weight. In contrast, the concentration of hexachlorobenzene in urine, feces, kidney, liver and adipose tissue 14 days after dosing were higher in larger than in smaller animals. However, the relative concentration, i.e. the concentration of hexachlorobenzene in urine, feces or tissue divided by the concentration of hexachlorobenzene in adipose tissue, eliminated most of the variability among individual animals. This allows direct comparison of dispositional data of animals with greatly differing body burdens. PMID- 6623545 TI - Cadmium-induced DNA single-strand scissions and their repair in cultured Chinese hamster cells. AB - DNA lesions induced by cadmium chloride (CdCl2) were characterized using the technique of alkaline or neutral elution for cell-DNA in cultured V79 cells. A marked increase in elution of the DNA was observed on elution of the proteinase-K digested cell lysates with alkaline eluting solution (pH 12.2) after treatment with 5 X 10(-5) M CdCl2 for 2 h. In contrast, no increase in elution of the DNA was observed when the same cell lysates were eluted with an eluting solution of pH 9.6. These findings indicate that the DNA lesions induced by cadmium were DNA single-strand but not double-strand scissions. The DNA single-strand scissions by cadmium were partly rejoined after 4 h of repair incubation. However, the DNA lesions were not rejoined up to the control level in the technique of alkaline elution, even after 20 h of repair incubation. On the other hand, an apparent increase in elution of the DNA was observed by combined treatment with cadmium and inhibitors of repair DNA synthesis, hydroxyurea (HU) and 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C), for 4 h when compared to elution of the DNA from the cells treated with cadmium alone or HU and ara-C. These results indicate that cadmium-induced DNA single-strand scissions accumulated as a result of inhibition of repair DNA replication by HU and ara-C. Thus, it is concluded that cadmium-induced DNA single-strand scissions were repairable and their repair might be dependent upon the excision repair mechanism. PMID- 6623546 TI - Acute cardiovascular and renal changes induced by mitoxantrone in rabbits. A pharmacokinetic approach. AB - The acute effects of a single i.v. bolus injection of mitoxantrone (MX), a cytostatic drug, on mean arterial pressure (MAP), left ventricular pressure (LVP), dp/dtmax and ECG, were investigated at different doses (1,2,3,5 and 10 mg/kg) in conscious rabbits. Low values of MAP, LVP and dp/dtmax and increased heart rate were observed at 2 h after injection at all dose levels exceeding 1 mg/kg. Plasma kinetics and urinary elimination of MX were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and appraised at two dose levels (1.5 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg). MX plasma decay curve at both doses could be fitted to a curve with three exponential components, with an average elimination (3rd component) half life of about 3.5 h (1.5 mg/kg) and about 5 h (3 mg/kg), respectively. Renal failure was observed in 3 mg/kg-dosed rabbits (elevation of BUN and plasma creatinine, anuria), and resulted in a considerable delay in the MX plasma decay and in a depressed urinary elimination of MX. All but one rabbit died within 24 h. The 1.5 mg/kg-dosed rabbits survived till 24 h, without signs of renal failure, with a 24 h urinary MX recovery of 20%. PMID- 6623547 TI - Genotoxicity of chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride on the bone-marrow cells of Swiss mice. AB - The mutagenic effect of chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride was evaluated in the bone marrow cells of Swiss mice by the micronucleus test. A comparative study of the drug was made by oral and intraperitoneal administrations containing 187.5, 375 and 562 mg/kg body weight and 67, 134 and 201 mg/kg body weight respectively, corresponding to three sublethal doses of 1/4, 1/2, and 3/4 LD50, respectively. Bone-marrow preparations were made and slides scored for the presence of micronuclei in the developing erythrocytes. The results showed that the drug chlordiazepoxide induced a significant increase of micronuclei in the polychromatic erythrocytes by both routes of administration. PMID- 6623548 TI - Exfoliative cytology as a refinement of the Draize eye irritancy test. AB - Collection of exfoliated cells from the eyes of albino rabbits was performed in conjunction with the Draize ocular irritancy test. At standard intervals after exposure to alcohols of known irritancy, exfoliated cells were retrieved from the conjunctival sac with a distilled water corneal rinse. These cells were fixed and then counted, centrifuged and stained by the method of Papanicolaou. The number of cells which were retrieved, correlated well with Draize test scores. This non invasive modification of the Draize test was well tolerated by rabbits and provides an objective assessment of ocular irritancy. It is hoped that this refinement of the Draize test will reduce the numbers of animals used and provide more objective data upon which validation procedures for alternative methods can be based. PMID- 6623549 TI - In vitro inhibition of alveolar macrophage phagocytosis by ozone: absence of a role for serum or mode of ozone administration. AB - Cell culture conditions which protected rat lung fibroblasts from O3-induced injury were tested for their protection potential in retaining the phagocytic activity of O3-exposed rat alveolar macrophages. Conditions which protected fibroblasts from O3-related loss of 51Cr were ineffectual in preventing O3 related loss of macrophage phagocytic activity. It is suggested that the macrophage phagocytic function may be especially sensitive to H2O2 generated by the O3. PMID- 6623550 TI - Effect of acute and repeated chlordimeform treatment on rat hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes. AB - The effect of chlordimeform (CDM) treatment on the hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes was examined in male and female rats following either acute or repeated treatment. After acute administration of chlordimeform (100 mg/kg, i.p., 1 hour before killing) differential effects were observed in various parameters of the hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase system with significant decreases in ethylmorphine metabolism, cytochrome P-450 content, NADPH cytochrome c reductase, and in the spectral binding of hexobarbital and aniline while no changes were found in the metabolism of aniline or p nitroanisole. Durations of zoxazolamine-induced paralysis and pentobarbital induced hypnosis were increased significantly after acute CDM administration. Following repeated administration of CDM (75 mg/kg, i.p., for 4 days) to adult male rats, a decrease was observed in zoxazolamine-induced paralysis time while pentobarbital-induced hypnosis was not altered. Metabolism studies using isolated hepatic microsomal fractions showed a decreased rate of biotransformation of ethylmorphine and aniline while the activity of p-nitroanisole O-demethylase was not changed. No differences were found in cytochrome P-450 levels whereas microsomal spectral binding of hexobarbital was reduced while that of aniline was not affected. Following acute or repeated administration of CDM to adult female rats, decreases in the hepatic microsomal metabolism of aniline, but not ethylmorphine or p-nitroanisole, were observed. Addition of CDM to microsomal suspensions yielded a Type I binding curve. PMID- 6623551 TI - In vivo interaction of lead with aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and induction of a thermolabile factor: an experimental model. AB - Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) activity of male albino Wistar rats was used as an experimental model for a study on the interaction of lead with biological systems. Lead at 1 mg/kg was administered i.p. and the rats were killed immediately, and at 30 min, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h after treatment. It was shown that lead (Pb) interacted directly with the enzyme molecule immediately after treatment, first on the active site of zinc (Zn) and then on the thiolic groups. Induction of the so-called thermolabile factor (TF) seemed to occur later, i.e., it may only be shown from the 2nd-3rd h after treatment. The long-term persistence of lead-induced TF in the acute phase of intoxication may be the key to the interpretation of some chronic toxic effects. PMID- 6623552 TI - Target organ toxicity II. AB - Sensitive criteria of toxicity are simple characteristics, such as growth, organ weight analysis and selected histopathological examinations. Appropriate laboratory tests support the clinical observations. Correlation of target organ toxicity across the species is poor. PMID- 6623553 TI - C-banded chromosomes stained with methyl green-pyronin. PMID- 6623554 TI - An improved technique for autoradiography of G-banded chromosomes. PMID- 6623555 TI - Techniques for preparing seeds with water-impermeable coats for light and electron microscopy. AB - An improved method for fixing and embedding seeds with impermeable coats for microscopic study has been developed. Entry portals are cut into seed coats to permit better penetration of fixative. This makes it possible to obtain semithin sections of whole seeds for light microscopy and thin sections of selected areas for electron microscopy. Seed tissues may thereby be studied relative to their position in the seed and to surrounding tissues. This permits studies of inhibition and developmental morphology of seeds in histological and cytological detail previously possible only with soft dissected seeds. PMID- 6623557 TI - [Alternative contrasexual hormone treatment following fibrosing breast irradiation in prostatic carcinoma. Retrospective analysis of 123 patients]. AB - Symptoms and objective parameters of gynecomastia are analysed in 113 patients, who received prophylactic irradiation of the breast (12 Gy in 3 fractions) prior to estrogen therapy of prostatic carcinoma. Another 10 patients were treated equally after estrogens had caused severe complaints. Symptoms increased from 10% to 100% in relation to 4 classes of gynecomastia. They were mild in 27.5%, moderate in 23.9% and severe in 8.8%. A correlation between metric classification and graded symptoms became more evident when only 2 groups were distinguished. With a maximum diameter of 3.5 cm only 17% of the patients had mostly slight discomfort in contrast to 70% of the patients with a gland of more than 3.5 cm in diameter; they revealed moderate or serious complaints. These results indicate that prophylactic radiotherapy may reduce severe complications to less than 10% as compared to 70-80% without irradiation. If gynecomastia has developed, regression by subsequent radiotherapy seems to be impossible; but the intensity of complaints could be reduced in our ten patients. Provided that irradiation precedes estrogen application, this sequence may be considered as a reasonable alternative to expensive antiandrogen therapy. PMID- 6623556 TI - [Comparison of neutron and photon irradiation of bronchial carcinoma]. AB - Fast neutrons are only superior to photons if their relative biologic effectiveness (RBE) is higher within the tumor than in sound organs. It was therefore the object of this study to test the effects and side effects of rapid neutrons in an especially appropriate tumor model. The bronchial carcinoma was chosen because, according to radiobiologic experiences, the relative biologic effectiveness of neutrons is significantly higher in the Lewis bronchial carcinoma than in the normal lung. These experiences showed furthermore that, compared to other organs, the lung is relatively unsensitive to neutrons, so that the conditions for a treatment with this new type of radiation are favorable. Despite these favorable conditions, no local superiority of neutrons with respect to photons could be established by a clinical study including 115 cases. It shall be examined in a further study if a therapeutic advantage can be realized by a combination of neutrons and photons. PMID- 6623558 TI - [Anastomosis healing in the irradiated colon. II. Influence of irradiation on new formation of connective tissue. An animal experiment study]. AB - With regard to the permanent increase of perioperative irradiations in case of colorectal tumors, the possible influence of irradiation on the healing of anastomoses has been investigated. 230 rats were submitted to an irradiation of the rectosigmoidal region corresponding to the therapeutic method employed in human patients (focal dose of 50 Gy, in fractions of 4 x 2 Gy per week, interval of three weeks without irradiation). Rectosigmoidal anastomoses were performed one day, four weeks, eight weeks, and four months after the irradiation. The increase of connective tissue which is decisive for the stability of the anastomosis and which can be additionally induced by irradiation, was determined 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after the operation by identification of the hydroxyproline concentration within the anastomotic region. A comparison with nonirradiated animals shows that irradiation induces an additional formation of new connective tissue which becomes more intensive as the time interval since the finishing of irradiation is longer. PMID- 6623559 TI - [Utilization of the monitor signal of the electron accelerator Phillips SL75/20 as a reference signal for the remote-controlled water phantom Therados RFA-3]. AB - The authors describe the adaptations of the monitor signal of an electron accelerator as reference signal for an automatic water phantom. Structure and functioning of the necessary interface are explained. PMID- 6623560 TI - [Dose distribution in a linear moving-field irradiation]. AB - The authors discuss the effects of a linear moving field irradiation. It is demonstrated that the depth dose curves and the longitudinal field profiles of this irradiation method are considerably modified with respect to a stationary field of the same superficial field size. Especially the depth dose attenuation becomes less abrupt. The reason therefore is of merely geometrical nature and does not depend on the type of radiation. For example, a cobalt field with a focus-skin distance of 60 cm and a superficial field size of 10 x 10 cm2 has a half-value depth of 10.3 cm in case of a stationary field and of 12.0 cm in case of a linear moving field. PMID- 6623561 TI - Monitoring of radioiodine in nuclear medical therapy. AB - The composition of the radioiodine species that is released in a hospital by nuclear medical therapy is investigated. More than 90% are found to be organic iodine. This leads to a reduction of the calculated radiation exposure in the environment by more than a factor of ten with regard to pure elemental iodine releases. The organic iodine is not formed by chemical reactions in the air of the rooms butoriginates in patients, who are treated with 131I. Effective half lives and release factors for exhalation were determined by monitoring the exhaled air of the patients. PMID- 6623562 TI - Radioresponse of peripheral blood and its modification by MPG (2 mercaptopropionylglycine) in mice IV total plasma protein. AB - Adult Swiss albino mice were irradiated with different doses of Co-60 gamma rays (2.5,5.0 and 10.0 Gy) in the presence or absence of the radioprotective drug MPG. It was found that the total plasma protein was at low ebb on day 5 and 7 in the 5 and 10 Gy exposure groups respectively, but no significant change was observed either in the drug protected or in the non-drug protected groups after 2.5 Gy exposure. A significant elevation in the plasma protein level was found at later intervals i. e. from day 5 on in the 5.0 and 10.0 Gy dose groups receiving MPG before irradiation in comparison to the corresponding non-drug protected group. PMID- 6623563 TI - Polarographically detected effect of ultrasound and irradiation on DNA solution. AB - Aqueous solutions of DNA were sonicated, irradiated, or sonicated and irradiated. The effect of the treatment was detected by pulse-polarography. The polarographic response of irradiation depended on the concentration of DNA. It was found that the effects of sonication and irradiation were non-additive. The reason for this is discussed briefly. PMID- 6623564 TI - Behaviour of lysosomal enzymes in the small intestine after multiple daily fractionation. AB - Modifications in the activities of some lysosomal enzymes were studied in the small intestine after irradiation on the abdomen by multiple daily fractionation of 3 Gy per fraction every 12 hours. Total doses of 6 and 12 Gy were studied. With lower dose variations were slight. The modifications of acid phosphatase an cathepsin D appeared very low, whereas beta-glucuronidase increased until 72 hours after the last fraction and then returned to control values. With respect to 8 Gy single dose the injury appeared comparatively similar. PMID- 6623565 TI - The choroid: its function, evaluation, and surgical management. PMID- 6623566 TI - Symposium on medical and surgical diseases of the retina and vitreous. PMID- 6623567 TI - Experimental model of posterior penetrating injury. PMID- 6623568 TI - Penetrating ocular trauma and pars plana vitrectomy. PMID- 6623569 TI - Treatment of rhegmatogenous detachment in massive preretinal retraction. PMID- 6623570 TI - Related hereditary macular dystrophies. PMID- 6623571 TI - Early treatment of trauma. PMID- 6623572 TI - Behcet's disease. PMID- 6623574 TI - Pars plicata surgery in the child for pupillary membranes, persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, and infantile cataract. PMID- 6623573 TI - Outer retinal ischemic infarction: a newly recognized complication of cataract extraction and closed vitrectomy. PMID- 6623576 TI - Choroidal ischemia. PMID- 6623575 TI - Pattern recognition of ocular tumors. PMID- 6623577 TI - Retinitis pigmentosa. PMID- 6623578 TI - Macular edema: a major complication of diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 6623579 TI - Tears of detached retinal pigment epithelium. PMID- 6623580 TI - The spectrum of retinal telangiectasia. PMID- 6623581 TI - Differential diagnosis in treatment of acute retinal pigment epitheliopathies. PMID- 6623582 TI - Eales' syndrome. PMID- 6623583 TI - Trauma: timing of repair. PMID- 6623584 TI - The use of DNA probes in the identification of leishmanias: discrimination between isolates of the Leishmania mexicana and L. braziliensis complexes. AB - Kinetoplast DNA (kDNA), initially characterized by buoyant density, from ten reference isolates of the Leishmania braziliensis and L. mexicana complexes has been radio-actively labelled and used as hybridization probes. Filters containing endonuclease digested, electrophoresed, Southern transferred fragments of kDNA from reference and other isolates sent to us for DNA typing have been tested for kDNA sequence homology. We record a complete lack of sequence homology between kDNA of any isolate of the L. braziliensis complex and kDNA of any isolate of the L. mexicana complex. L. b. braziliensis, L. b. guyanensis and L. b. panamensis have kDNA sequences in common with each other and with a number of test isolates from Brazil, Panama, Venezuela and Peru. L. b. panamensis (1.695 g/ml) can be separated from L. b. braziliensis or L. b. guyanensis (1.691-1.693 g/ml) by differences in buoyant density of kDNA. L. m. mexicana and L. m. pifanoi have kDNA sequences in common with each other but kDNA of L. m. amazonensis has insignificant homology with kDNA of other reference isolates of the L. mexicana complex. We conclude that the kDNAs of species of the L. mexicana complex are sufficiently different from kDNA of species of the L. braziliensis complex to make kDNA sequence homology identification a feasible proposition. PMID- 6623585 TI - Leishmaniasis in The Gambia. I. A case of cutaneous leishmaniasis and a case of visceral leishmaniasis. AB - Leishmaniasis is thought to be rare in The Gambia but in June 1980 two patients with this infection were seen at Fajara, one with cutaneous leishmaniasis and one with visceral leishmaniasis. A possible diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis was considered only late in the course of the illness of the second patient who died a few days after specific chemotherapy was started. Visceral leishmaniasis must be considered as a possible cause of fever and splenomegaly in The Gambia and in adjacent parts of West Africa. PMID- 6623586 TI - Babana Parasitic Diseases Project. I. The study area and a preliminary assessment of onchocercal endemicity based on the prevalence of "leopard skin". AB - A prevalence survey of "leopard skin" (LS) was carried out in 24 villages to assess the distribution of onchocerciasis in the Babana District of Nigeria. The findings suggested that onchocerciasis is highly endemic in this community. Of 1,310 adults examined for the presence of the characteristic onchocercal depigmentation, 26.4% were found affected. LS occurred more frequently among the cattle Fulani people than among other local ethnic groups (P less than 0.001) and was significantly more commonly associated with the left than with the right leg (P less than 0.001). A background of the study area is given. PMID- 6623587 TI - Faecal leucocytes in patients with infectious diarrhoea. AB - The value of faecal leucocyte examination was assessed in 376 hospital in patients with acute diarrhoea. Comparison was made with 50 controls. All faecal samples were examined for bacteria, viruses and parasites. 91% of diarrhoeal cases caused by Shigella had faecal leucocytes. Similar findings were obtained from cases infected by Campylobacter or Salmonella. In contrast, those diarrhoeal cases due to viruses, parasites or bacterial toxins were not associated with faecal leucocytes. The test is a practical, inexpensive and reliable screening procedure to recognize probable invasive bacterial diarrhoea and to decide in which case a stool culture could be advantageous. PMID- 6623588 TI - Lead poisoning and hookworm infection as multiple factors in anaemia. AB - A retrospective study was carried out in a rural area of north-eastern Brazil, to search for interactions between biological and chemical agents present in the environment as causes of anaemia. A lead smelter situated in a hookworm endemic area provided the opportunity to look at the effect of this double exposure in relation to laboratory defined anaemia, by comparing the odds ratios in different subgroups of 109 "cases" and 107 "controls". The subgroup with both hookworm infection and chronic lead poisoning--measured by the concentration of delta-ALA excreted in urine--had an odds ratio of developing anaemia five times greater than individuals with neither. Although a synergistic effect could not be demonstrated, the additive effect of the two conditions placed this group in a higher risk category. PMID- 6623589 TI - Leishmaniasis in Brazil. XIX: visceral leishmaniasis in the Amazon Region, and the presence of Lutzomyia longipalpis on the Island of Marajo, Para State. AB - Sporadic cases of visceral leishmaniasis in Amazonian Brazil appear limited to Para State, in the lower Amazon valley and principally near the Atlantic coast. The fox Cerdocyon thous (L.) has been incriminated as a natural host of the causative parasite, Leishmania donovani chagasi, but past doubts have existed over the identification of the most likely vector as Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912). Investigations on two of five recent cases of visceral leishmaniasis of man in the Districts of Cachoeira do Arari and Salvaterra, on the eastern part of the Island of Marajo, Para showed undoubted Lu. longipalpis to be abundant in one house and in numerous chicken-houses. This is the first record of Lu. longipalpis on Marajo Island, and the finding supports previous implication of this sandfly in the epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in other parts of Para. Morphological differences have been noted between this insect from Marajo and other specimens from more highly endemic regions in the States of Ceara and Minas Gerais, Brazil. PMID- 6623590 TI - A preliminary report on two cases of visceral leishmaniasis in Egypt. PMID- 6623591 TI - Purulent pericarditis in Papua New Guinea: report of 12 cases and review of the literature in a tropical environment. AB - Twelve cases of purulent pericarditis (P.P.) are presented. In each case diagnosis was confirmed by aspiration of pus from the pericardial sac. Clinical presentation of this condition is discussed, and therapeutic alternatives are compared. A review of the literature dealing with this condition in a tropical environment is made. It is suggested that in a environment where infectious disease prevails, the diagnosis of this condition is often missed. The importance of early diagnosis and an aggressive approach to management is stressed. PMID- 6623592 TI - Ecological studies on Anopheles gambiae complex sibling species on the Kenya coast. PMID- 6623593 TI - Immunological features in different clinical forms of strongyloidiasis. AB - Serum immunoglobulin levels, skin test response to PPD, lymphocyte surface markers and eosinophil count in peripheral blood were studied in 35 patients with strongyloidiasis diagnosed by stool examination. The patients were divided into three groups based on clinical history, physical examination and laboratory examination: an asymptomatic group (14 patients), a symptomatic group (14 patients) and a group with severe parasitic infection (seven patients). In three of the seven patients with severe strongyloidiasis, massive infection caused by Strongyloides stercoralis had been diagnosed at least once before this study. The IgG levels were significantly lower (p less than 0.05) in patients with severe strongyloidiasis (1180 +/- 529 mg/dl) than in the asymptomatic group (2347 +/- 1224). IgA and IgM levels were also lower in the patients with massive infection when compared to the asymptomatic and symptomatic groups. No decrease of T cells or B cells was found in patients with severe strongyloidiasis. However, the eosinophil count was significantly lower in patients with severe strongyloidiasis than in asymptomatic or symptomatic patients (p less than 0.05). The authors suggest that eosinophils and antibodies may play an important role in the defence mechanism against S. stercoralis larvae. PMID- 6623594 TI - Haematuria in experimental schistosomiasis mansoni. AB - Haematuria was found in 27% of mice experimentally infected with Schistosoma mansoni. The presence of red blood cells in the urine was detected only after the sixth week of infection. Haematuria was not due to the direct action of the parasite, since no eggs were found in the urinary system. The blood in the urine disappeared after two weeks of curative treatment with an anti-schistosomal compound. PMID- 6623595 TI - Observations on possible immunity to reinfection among Kenyan schoolchildren after treatment for Schistosoma mansoni. AB - In February 1977, 306 out of 409 six- to 16-year-old Kenyan schoolchildren were found to be infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Prevalence and intensity were directly related to age and indirectly to the distance between the child's home and the transmission site, but were not related to the child's sex. Most children were treated with hycanthone in July 1977. Pretreatment blood samples were taken from 100 study children for eosinophil counts and measurements of cytotoxic anti schistosomular antibody levels. Blood and faecal samples were re-examined five times between November 1977 and July 1979. Whole school resurveys in July 1978 and 1979 confirmed the continuation of transmission after chemotherapy. 'Reinfection' rates in the study children, incorporating both failed treatment and true reinfections, were significantly reduced in children, with both detectable antibody and eosinophil counts above 400/mm3, compared with children with neither. Children with either detectable antibodies or high eosinophil counts (mainly the latter) had intermediate reinfection rates. Neither sex, age nor pretreatment intensities influenced reinfection rates, but location of dwelling did: children from distant homes had lower rates. However, the effects of residence and 'protection' were not directly linked. The implication of these results, namely that infection can confer immune protection to reinfection after treatment, is being explored in further studies. PMID- 6623596 TI - The epidemiology and control of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis with particular reference to South Australia. AB - This paper reviews the history, epidemiology and control of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), caused by Naegleria fowleri, with particular reference to South Australia. The intention has been to outline misconceptions and uncertainties pervading the earlier literature. Although PAM infections elsewhere have been attributed to cysts in air-borne dust, we believe that contact with water in the domestic environment was not adequately considered as a potential source of these infections. Several reports have cast doubt on the effectiveness of chlorine in controlling N. fowleri, although there is laboratory and South Australian field experience to the contrary. These reports can be traced to a misunderstanding of the circumstances surrounding cases of PAM reported by other workers. Provided that a continuous free chlorine residual of 0.5 mg/l can be maintained in water accessible to N. fowleri, the risk of disease should be negligible. The failure of amphotericin B therapy to save recent victims of the disease, despite relatively prompt intervention, is disappointing. Possible reasons for this, and the reports that rifampin or tetracycline combined with amphotericin might be more successful, are discussed. PMID- 6623597 TI - Acute diarrhoea associated with rotavirus among children living in Belem, Brazil. AB - Between January 1979 and December 1980, rotaviruses were detected in faecal samples from 122 (33.1%) of 369 diarrhoeic children less than six years old, living in Belem, Brazil. In 55 (45.1%) of the 122 rotavirus-positive specimens, no bacteria or parasite associated with gastro-enteritis was found. Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella and Escherichia coli were found in 92 (35%) of the 263 faecal specimens examined for bacterial pathogens. Rotaviruses were readily detected throughout the year, which may indicate no seasonal pattern of incidence in the Belem region. A comparison of the excretion of rotavirus was made between children of two socio-economic groups. Of 144 children from the higher level group, 63 (47.3%) excreted rotavirus, whereas only 12 (16.7%) of those from the lower level did so. Vomiting (68.0%) and fever (65.6%) were the main symptoms, other than diarrhoea, exhibited by the 122 rotavirus-positive children. PMID- 6623598 TI - The sheep as a potential reservoir of human trypanosomiasis in the Republic of the Congo. AB - The identical electrophoretic isoenzyme patterns of a human-plasma-resistant Trypanozoon stock from a sheep and of two other stocks from trypanosomiasis patients in the Congo Republic indicated that the sheep stock was probably infective to man. These, and one further human stock from the Congo, closely resembled stocks isolated from man in Liberia and Ivory Coast. PMID- 6623599 TI - Study of acute trichinosis in Ghurkas: specificity and sensitivity of enzyme linked immunosorbent assays for IgM and IgE antibodies to Trichinella larval antigens in diagnosis. AB - The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was successfully applied to detect IgE antibodies against parasitic antigens by using an additional antibody layer to attain an amplification effect. The sera of 18 Gurkha patients with clinical manifestations of acute trichinosis and 35 Chinese with other parasitic infections were tested for antibodies to Trichinella spiralis by IgE-, IgM- and IgG-ELISA, IgG-radioimmunoassay (RIA) and indirect haemagglutination test (IHA). ELISAs for detection of IgE and IgM antibodies provided a 100% specific and sensitive diagnosis. Although IHA, IgG-RIA and IgG-ELISA detected antibodies in 94% of patients, non-specific reactions were also observed in the two last named methods. Muscle biopsies were positive in only 56% of patients. PMID- 6623600 TI - Kala-azar in Portugal--IV. The wild reservoir: the isolation of a Leishmania from a fox. PMID- 6623602 TI - Development of an antigen conservative enzyme immunoassay (Dot-ELISA) for the rapid diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. PMID- 6623601 TI - The distribution of Glossina morsitans subspecies in Zambia. PMID- 6623603 TI - Leishmania enriettii. PMID- 6623604 TI - Suggested blood bank curriculum for pathology residents. PMID- 6623605 TI - Studies on the blood of an MsHe/MSu proposita and her family. Serological evidence that Henshaw-producing genes do not code for the 'N' antigen. AB - The serum of a black woman has been found to contain a potent alloanti-N that reacted in direct agglutination tests with the 'N' antigen carried on Ss-active sialoglycoprotein. Thus far, such antibodies have been observed only in the sera of MSu/MSu individuals. However, our proposita had red cells that lacked 'N'. Her blood type was M+, N-, S-, s+, U+, He+. Results of family studies indicate that she is of the genotype MsHe/MSu. Our findings are consistent with recently reported data on the structure of the Henshaw antigen, which is located on a Ss active sialoglycoprotein that does not carry 'N'. PMID- 6623606 TI - Isolation and cryopreservation of monocytes from plateletapheresis cellular residues. AB - Human monocytes were isolated from the cellular residues remaining after plateletapheresis of donors using an automated blood cell processor. Mononuclear cells were obtained with density gradients and separated from lymphocytes by stepwise elutriation. The isolated cells were frozen using extracellular hydroxyethyl starch and intracellular dimethylsulfoxide. In three procedures, approximately 1 X 10(9) monocytes were obtained. Ninety-nine percent of isolated monocytes were viable in a fluorescein diacetate (FDA)-ethidium bromide (EB) test. Myeloperoxidase-positive cells were 95 percent and 90 percent in the two chambers. Ninety-four percent of monocytes ingested five or more opsonized polycyclic hydrocarbon particles and 95 percent ingested one or more ethidium treated zymosan particles. After storage in liquid nitrogen for up to 9 weeks, 99 percent of the cells were recovered after thawing. Of these, 95 percent were myeloperoxidase-positive, 94 percent showed intact membranes in the FDA-EB test, 95 percent ingested five or more opsonized polycyclic hydrocarbon particles, and 96 percent ingested one or more ethidium-treated zymosan particles. These results demonstrate the utility of elutriation as a means to isolate large numbers of monocytes. The isolated cells can be cryogenically preserved for at least 2 months with small loss of phagocytic function. PMID- 6623607 TI - Positive direct antiglobulin test due to anti-Fra in a newborn infant. AB - A positive direct antiglobulin test due to anti-Fra was found in a newborn infant whose mother previously had borne two other Fr(a+) children; all three were clinically unaffected. Family studies showed no evidence for close linkage between the Fr and HLA loci. PMID- 6623608 TI - Standardization of IgG subclass antiserums for use with sensitized red cells. AB - The only IgG subclass antiserums standardized for use with red cells are those sold by the Netherlands Red Cross. Their recommended method is a sedimentation antiglobulin test (AGT) not generally used in the USA. Some years ago we tested the antiserums for sensitivity and specificity using the routine centrifugation AGT and found the methods comparable. More recently, we have become concerned since the antiserums are being used by a variety of methods other than the recommended procedure. It is well-known that it is difficult to prepare subclass antiserums without contaminating antibodies to other IgG markers. Thus, we thought it worthwhile to standardize the antiserums with particular emphasis on specificity using several different technics. We found that some methods that have been used to define the subclass of red cell-bound IgG were inappropriate, and led to many false positive results. PMID- 6623610 TI - A problem with peanut lectin. PMID- 6623609 TI - Anti-Sla: lack of effect on transfused S1(a-) red cells. PMID- 6623611 TI - Massive blood transfusion in acute trauma. PMID- 6623612 TI - Urines for inhibition. PMID- 6623613 TI - Intravenous dimethylsulfoxide therapy causes severe hemolysis mimicking a hemolytic transfusion reaction. PMID- 6623614 TI - Effects of streptokinase on blood specimens used for compatibility testing. PMID- 6623615 TI - Abstracts of papers to be presented at American Association of Blood Banks 36th annual meeting, October 28-November 2, 1983. PMID- 6623616 TI - Autoimmunity and type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6623617 TI - Mechanisms of tolerance in murine radiation bone marrow chimeras. II. Absence of nonspecific suppression in mature chimeras. AB - Spleen cells from a series of allogeneic bone marrow chimeras were sensitized in vitro with stimulator cells from major histocompatibility complex recombinant strains of mice. The combinations were chosen such that both tolerated (host or donor) and nontolerated (third-party) antigens were present on the same stimulator cells in order to determine whether the tolerated host antigens might elicit nonspecific suppressor mechanisms affecting the cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) response to the nontolerated antigens. No evidence for such nonspecific suppression was obtained in several types of assays. Therefore, if suppressor mechanisms exist that mediate such tolerance in mature allogeneic chimeras then these mechanisms must be highly antigen-specific. PMID- 6623618 TI - Hu Ly-M3--a human leukocyte antigen. AB - A monoclonal antibody, 5-4.8, was produced against human peripheral blood lymphocytes and it appears to be leukocyte-specific in that it reacts with a common determinant (called Hu Ly-m3) present on the peripheral blood T, B and null lymphocytes of 40 individuals. The antibody also reacts with thymocytes, spleen cells, and bone marrow cells (30%) and weakly with granulocytes and platelets--but not with heart, liver, or kidney. Affinity to lentil-lectin and molecular weight analysis demonstrated that Hu Ly-m3 is a glycoprotein consisting of a single chain of 47,000 daltons which is not HLA because it is not present on all cells; because it is present on the surface of the phenotypically HLA- Daudi cell line; and because soluble HLA antigens did not inhibit the binding of the 5 4.8 antibody. PMID- 6623620 TI - Third International Symposium on Immunological Monitoring of the Transplant Recipient. Miami Florida Communications. PMID- 6623619 TI - Migration patterns of lymphocytes from recipients of organ allografts. II. The enhanced host. PMID- 6623622 TI - Mechanisms of graft destruction. PMID- 6623621 TI - Immunoregulatory circuits. PMID- 6623623 TI - Autoimmunity and autoregulation. PMID- 6623624 TI - Mechanisms of immunosuppression and immunologic responsiveness. PMID- 6623626 TI - Monitoring and monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6623625 TI - Cyclosporine. PMID- 6623627 TI - [Ratio of "light" and "dark" cells in heterogineous cell populations of experimental tumors and their metastases]. AB - The number of undifferentiated "light" cells and of differentiated "dark" cells was calculated in heterogeneous tumour cell populations of sarcoma 45 and Walker carcinosarcoma of rats at various stages of tumour growth and metastases. PMID- 6623628 TI - [Effect of thyroxine on the number of cells with aberrant chromosomes in the liver of rats following x-ray and neutron irradiation]. AB - T4 effect on the quantity of cells with chromosome aberrations in rat liver under the hormone administration after X-ray irradiation was compared with that after neutron irradiation. It is shown that T4 administered after neutron irradiation does not decrease chromosome injury, which is considered as a proof of its indirect effect after X-ray irradiation by means of genetic structure reparation. PMID- 6623630 TI - [Variation in the expressivity of the ocular retardation gene in mice]. AB - Variation in the expressivity was studied of the gene for ocular retardation (or) in mice. It is shown that the gene or suppresses with a high expressivity the growth of the optic vesicle in homozygotes, this resulting in anophthalmia and microphthalmia with aphakia. In cases of low expressivity, the gene or inhibits the growth of retina anlage, this leading to microphthalmia with a cataract of the lens. Variation in the expressivity of the gene or is due to an influence of modifier genes. PMID- 6623629 TI - [Peripheral blood and bone marrow cell status of white rats with long-term lead exposure]. AB - Blood test and bone marrow examination in experiments with albino rats weighing 100-110 g subjected to long-term lead influence (1% lead acetate per os) showed availability of reticulocytosis with thrombocytopenia (on the 62d day) and thrombocytosis on the 92d day of the experiment) in peripheral blood. Reduction of the bone marrow neutrophil index and leuko-erythroblastic ration due to an increase of an erythroblastic radicle was recorded in the bone marrow. PMID- 6623631 TI - [Polymorphism of the chromosome Q-segments in phenotypically healthy persons of the native population of the Latvian SSR]. AB - Chromosomes of 140 healthy adult individuals from the Latvian population were investigated by the fluorescence method. Data on the polymorphism patterns are presented for chromosomes 3, 4, 13, 14, 15, 21, 22 and Y. No differences were revealed between sexes in the frequency of highly fluorescent segments of autosomes. The frequencies of homozygotes and heterozygotes for certain chromosome segments did not correspond to the Hardy-Weinberg distribution. PMID- 6623632 TI - [Changes in the lysosomal apparatus of the human formed blood elements in the adaptation syndrome based on electron microscopy data]. AB - An electron-microscopic examination of human leucocytes and thrombocytes under an effect of noninfectious stress factor (delivery) on organism shows that lysosomes of neutrophilic leucocytes move to plasmalemma, merge with it and secrete completely or partially their content to the blood plasma. Exocytosis of lysosomes results in a decrease of their amount in neutrophils. No changes in lysosomes of other leucocytes and thrombocytes are revealed. The fact that lysosomal neutrophilic enzymes enter the blood plasma is probably due to their participation in humoral regulation of organism functions. PMID- 6623633 TI - [Cytogenetic effects of irradiation in the kidney epithelial cells of monkeys and the possible use of these data for evaluating the level of chromosome aberrations in the kidneys of people exposed to irradiation]. AB - Data are presented on somatic radiation-induced mutagenesis in epithelial kidney cells of monkeys. Chromosome aberrations in kidney cells of monkeys can serve as an index for the evaluation of human kidney state in the course of radiotherapy. PMID- 6623635 TI - [Fluorescence microscopic study of cells and polykaryons in the early periods following polyethylene glycol treatment]. AB - A fluorescence-microscopical study is made of cultured murine fibroblasts (L cells) in early periods after the treatment with polyethylene glycol (PEG). Optimal conditions of fusion procedure were found under which the effectiveness of fusion was the highest and the toxical effect of PEG the lowest. The number of dead cells after the treatment with PEG did not exceed 10%. No significant changes in chromatin cytochemical properties (Acridine Orange and Olivomycin binding) were observed in the early periods of PEG treatment, that allows to use PEG for studying chromatin properties in hybrid cells obtained by PEG fusion. By means of PEG fusion, the hybrid cells with prematurely condensed chromosomes and also hybrids between animal and yeast cells have been obtained. PMID- 6623634 TI - [Electron microscopic study of 3H-leucine transport between the internal body environment and the enteral environment]. AB - Using electron microscopic autoradiography, a space-time characteristics of 3H leucine transport, from the enteral to the inner environment, and from blood plasma to the enteral environment, has been given. Some gradient of intracellular leucin accumulation is determined, from the tip cells of a villus to epithelocytes of the basal membrane. Amino acid transport from blood plasma to the lumen of the intestine is accomplished mainly via the cytoplasm and intercellular space of epithelocytes of the villus basement. It is proposed that amino acid transport through membranes of microvilli and through basal-lateral membranes of cells being on various levels along the villus may start at different amino acid concentrations which may be, presumably, to different concentration and different conjugation of enzyme-transport complexes in these membranes. PMID- 6623636 TI - [Mathematical analysis and experimental study of uridine transport and phosphorylation in 3T6 cells]. AB - A mathematical model has been analysed describing uridine uptake in mammalian cells as a tandem process that involves membrane transport and uridine phosphorylation within the cell. The measurement of kinetic parametres of uridine uptake in 3T6 cells showed that the transport system possesses a low affinity to uridine (Kt = 145 microM) and a high velocity (Vt = 10 microM/sec), whereas the phosphorylation system possesses a high affinity for uridine (Ke = 10 microM) and a low velocity (Ve = 0.17 microM/sec). A method of construction of "ideal" curves was proposed, describing the time dependence of uridine uptake which helps to verify values of kinetic parameters obtained. On the basis of the theoretical analysis and generalization of experimental data it was concluded that the optimum conditions of uridine transport parameters measuring at 25 degrees C involve the uridine concentration in the medium equal to 20-200 microM, and the time of cell incubation, 2-20 sec, while the optimum conditions of uridine phosphorilation parameters measuring being its concentration in the medium 5-20 microM and the cell incubation longer than 1 minute. PMID- 6623637 TI - [DNA replication in mammalian cells acted on by chemical, physical and biological factors. I. DNA damage and replication in LL line cells treated with formaldehyde]. AB - The inhibition of DNA synthesis and the appearance of single-strand breaks and/or alkali-labile sites in DNA and DNA-membrane cross-links were observed after formaldehyde treatment of cultured LL-line cells. It was shown that supercoiling of cell chromatin is not affected under these conditions. The initiation of DNA replication after the exposure with 10(-4) M formaldehyde occurs also without disturbance. Under the higher concentration of formaldehyde (10(-3) M), DNA elongation was inhibited. It is suggested that cross-linking of DNA with other molecules and structures for example membranes, stabilizes DNA supercoiling (chromatine). This conformational stability is essential for normal initiation of DNA replication, although the parenteral DNA contains many lesions in its primary and secondary structures. PMID- 6623638 TI - [System dynamics of induced cell proliferation within the framework of a branching stochastic process model. II. Characteristics of the temporal organization of the cell cycle]. AB - Using the theory of branching age-dependent stochastic processes, probabilistic descriptions are given of the age distribution associated with cell generations, and of some processes containing the information on cells synthesizing DNA after the action of proliferative stimulus. PMID- 6623639 TI - [Changes in ornithine decarboxylase activity in the developing parotid salivary gland]. AB - Ornithine decarboxylase activity in the rat parotid salivary gland was estimated during the early postnatal development. Regular alterations of enzymatic activity were found in different periods of gland development. The data obtained were compared with the evidence on the establishment of protein synthesis circahoralian rhythm of this organ in ontogenesis. The ornithine decarboxylase activity, being rather high in the parotid gland as long as up to the 20th-21st days, decreases during the termination of differentiation in this organ. It rises simultaneously with the emergence of circahoralian rhythm of protein synthesis. PMID- 6623640 TI - [pH-dependent conformational changes in thrombocyte proteins]. AB - A study was made of the medium pH influence on structural states of platelets by optical methods. Within the pH range (6-8), two pH induced reversible changes of platelet state were observed. A conclusion is made that the structural rearrangements in platelets induced in the medium by changes in hydrogen ion concentration may involve some rearrangements in platelet proteins, and thus acting as a factor regulating platelet function. PMID- 6623641 TI - [3H-thymidine incorporation into human aorta cells in primary culture. An autoradiographic study]. AB - Primary cell culture has been obtained from intima and media of unaffected zones of human aorta and from atherosclerotic lesions (fatty infiltration, fatty streaks, atherosclerotic plaques). Cellular polymorphism was found in these cultures. Four morphological types of aortic cells are described: elongated, asymmetric, polygonal, and stellate cells. These cell types also differed in their proliferative activity. On the 7th day of culturing, polygonal cells do not incorporate 3H-thymidine; the thymidine index of other three cell types was similar. The thymidine index of medial cells was higher than that of intimal ones. PMID- 6623642 TI - Clinical diagnosis of schistosomiasis in Sudanese cattle. AB - This study was done in the White Nile Province to characterise the history and signs of naturally occurring Schistosoma bovis infection in cattle (Gorag). Necropsy and laboratory examinations were performed on 10 animals six to 30 months of age which were in poor condition. They were selected because of a history suggestive of schistosomiasis. All the animals showed some degree of S. bovis infection; eight had a moderate or heavy degree of infection. Also all had liver damage due to either past or active Fasciola gigantica infection. Although concurrent infection with these two trematodes is common an owner who diagnoses Gorag is most likely referring to the syndrome caused by S. bovis as being the major cause of the poor performance observed. Fasciolicide treatment may eliminate active fascioliasis as the principal damaging agent. Also differentiating signs of haemorrhagic diarrhoea, severely sunken eyed appearance and only moderate inappetence are common in animals with acute schistosomiasis. PMID- 6623643 TI - Gastro-intestinal helminths of dogs on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria. PMID- 6623644 TI - Incidence of brucellosis in domestic livestock in Saudi Arabia. AB - The results of an extensive serological survey for brucellosis antibodies using the standard plate agglutination procedure on 14,000 serum samples from native domestic animals and imported livestock over a five year period are reported. The incidence of brucellosis was highest (11.6%) in small ruminants reared intensively in breeding establishments, next highest (2.6%) in imported animals sacrificed during the Hajj season of 1977 and somewhat lower (1.5%) in local livestock sacrificed during the same Hajj season. The incidence was very low among the following groups of livestock: small ruminants raised on desert ranges (0.5%), small ruminants raised in small groups around individual homes (0.4%) and in commercial dairy herds (0.2%). PMID- 6623645 TI - Persistence of Berenil in cattle. PMID- 6623646 TI - Suramin sensitivity of stocks of Trypanosoma evansi isolated in the Sudan. PMID- 6623647 TI - Some economic effects of trypanosomiasis in goats. AB - A study into the economic effects of trypanosomiasis was carried out using three goat breeds at the south coast of Kenya. The economic losses were worked out by comparing the performance of the goat groups receiving Samorin on a monthly basis with that of goat groups not receiving any Samorin. The losses were based on quantities of weight lost through deaths and that not produced as a result of the disease. The groups of goats were exposed to natural trypanosomal challenge. The losses in KSh per Tropical Livestock Unit within six months of the study were 198.07 for the East African goats, 501.95 for the Galla X East African goats and 785.42 for the Toggenburg X East African goats. The cost benefit ratio by using Samorin at the dose rate of 0.5 mg/kg body weight was 1:7.3, 1:18.52 and 1:28.94 for the three goat breeds respectively. PMID- 6623648 TI - Camel production in Kenya and its constraints. I. Productivity. AB - Initial results from an ongoing study of the productivity in three herds of camels are presented. The effects of different management systems, traditional nomadic vs. commercial ranching, on growth, fertility and early mortality are described as well as the differences in the genetic potential of two types of indigenous camels. PMID- 6623650 TI - Factors influencing growth of Canadian holstein calves in Ghana. AB - Factors thought to influence monthly body weight and average daily gain of 122 first and second generation Canadian Holstein calves aged six to 24 months were studied. All factors (generation, sex, parity, season, age and year) studied accounted for 55.9 to 71.2% and 35.6 to 69.1% of the variation in body weight and average daily gain respectively. Parity, year and generation were the most important factors influencing all traits and accounted for 34.4 to 64.3% and 22.9 to 66.8% of the variation in body weight and average daily gain. Least squares means were, for body weight 144.2, 222.6, 330.5 and 377.9 kg at six, 12, 18 and 24 months and for average daily gain 0.42, 0.37, 0.50 and 0.39 kg at six to nine, nine to 12, 12 to 18 and 18 to 24 month intervals. It was concluded that offspring of Canadian Holsteins in this environment under adequate management and nutrition will be of adequate size for heifers to calve under 30 months of age and steers to reach 400 kg slaughter weight in 24 months. PMID- 6623649 TI - Camel production in Kenya and its constraints. II. Tick infestation. AB - The tick loads and tick species infesting an experimental herd, a Rendille pastoralists' herd and two ranch herds of camels, in four different areas of Kenya are described. The tick species most commonly observed were Hyalomma rufipes, Hyalomma dromedarii and Rhipicephalus pulchellus. PMID- 6623651 TI - Lactate dehydrogenase levels in cellular extracts of human malignant lymphomas. AB - Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels have been claimed as an independent prognostic factor in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). In the present study, the intracellular and serum LDH levels in Hodgkin's (HD) and NHL were investigated. We found that among NHL, the histologic types of high-grade malignancy (lymphoblastic, immunoblastic and centroblastic), according to the Kiel classification, have a significantly higher intracellular (p less than 0.01) and serum (p less than 0.05) content of this enzyme than those of low-grade malignancy. This finding could explain in part the relation between high serum LDH levels and poor prognosis. It is also possible that the stage of the disease at the moment of the serum determination could be related to the serum LDH level, because a large tumor burden is likely to release more enzyme than a smaller one. However, we could not test this hypothesis because in our series there was ony one NHL patient with stage I or II. Serum LDH level could be a predictor of prognosis in NHL because of its relationship with more malignant histological types, and possibly with more advanced diseases. PMID- 6623652 TI - Tube leukocyte adherence-inhibition response to related and unrelated tumor antigens in mammary tumor-bearing mice. AB - Tube leukocyte adherence-inhibition response to syngeneic mammary tumor antigens and alloantigens from Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and fibrosarcoma was studied in spontaneous mammary tumor-bearing C3H/Jax mice. The mice with limited tumor burden responded significantly to the mammary tumor antigen and the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma antigen. The reactivity disappeared with increased tumor load. Oscillatory responses in leukocyte adherence inhibition to the reactive antigens was observed with increasing tumor weight. There was no response to the alloantigen of fibrosarcoma. PMID- 6623653 TI - Effectiveness of laser photoradiation therapy following hematoporphyrin derivative administration in the experimental MS-2 tumor model. AB - The effectiveness of laser photoradiation therapy with hematoporphyrin derivative sensitization was tested in the MS-2 sarcoma. This solid tumor, transplanted into the pad of the hind leg of BALB/c mice, was found to be a sensitive experimental model for a quantitative evaluation of response to phototherapy and for determination of critical parameters in laser phototherapy treatment. Under our experimental conditions, optimal therapeutic effects appeared to be critically dependent on drug dose, number of treatments, light intensity, and irradiation of the peripheral border of the tumor. PMID- 6623654 TI - Alteration in natural resistance of sarcoma 180 tumor to Bouvardin (NSC 259968) following hyperthermia. AB - Sarcoma-180 (S-180) tumor cells grown in Swiss mice displayed natural resistance to Bouvardin (NSC 259968) when administered alone in a single dose or in multiple doses. Hyperthermia treatment (43 degrees C for 1 hr) alone did not show any tumor growth reduction. However, the drug combined with hyperthermia markedly reduced tumor growth suggesting that hyperthermia alters the natural resistance of S-180 cells to Bouvardin. PMID- 6623655 TI - The role of surgery in non-localized neuroblastoma. Analysis of 59 cases. AB - The authors considered 59 stage III and IV neuroblastoma cases, which were observed from January 1967 to June 1979. 13 patients (13/59 = 22%) are surviving in complete remission 3 years after surgery: 9/20 (45%) with stage III and 4/39 (10%) with stage IV disease. The children subjected to complete surgical excision are all alive irregardless of age; the children who were not operated on or subjected to a biopsy, have all died. Of the 33 patients who underwent a reductive excision, 6 (all under 2 years of age) are in complete remission (18%). A better prognosis was found in those patients in whom the site of the primary tumor was at the mediastinal level. These data show the importance of the role of the surgeon in the multidisciplinary treatment of stage III and IV neuroblastomas; our experience is also favorable to the practice of second-look surgery. PMID- 6623656 TI - Low-grade malignancy non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: prognostic relevance of their clinicopathologic heterogeneity. AB - We reviewed 182 consecutive adult patients with low-grade malignancy, non Hodgkin's lymphomas classified according to the Kiel classification, followed at the Division of Hematology, Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, from January 1975 to December 1981, to recognize, in each histopathologic type, important subgroups from the prognostic standpoint. Median follow-up was 36 months. No significant differences were observed in the response rate to conventional therapy (radiotherapy for localized disease, CVP for advanced stages) between the 4 cytologic types. The centrocytic-centroblastic lymphoma with diffuse nodal architecture showed an intermediate-grade malignancy (median survival, 50 months) and underwent cytologic progression to the high-grade malignancy centroblastic type in 10% of the cases. Large-cell centrocytic and polymorphic lymphoplasmacytoid lymphomas had a poor prognosis (median survival less than 30 months) when treated with conventional therapy for favorable histologies, and 6% of the cases transformed into the high-malignancy immunoblastic type. Patients with lymphocytic lymphoma with bulky mediastinum had a median survival of 20 months. The identification of these subgroups with a worse prognosis may have therapeutic implications. PMID- 6623657 TI - Comments on a series of 88 invasive microcarcinomas of the breast. AB - Eighty-eight women with minimal invasive breast cancer were treated at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan, in the decade 1970-1980. Their tumors were smaller than 0.5 cm in diameter and were clinically assessed as T1N0M0; surgery, consisting of radical or limited procedures, was performed, always with complete axillary dissection. Pathologic assessment showed that axillary lymph nodes presented with metastases in 21.5% of cases. In 1 of N-positive cases, more than 3 nodes were affected, and in 5 cases extracapsular invasion was observed. Five year actuarial survival, calculated by the life table method, was as high as 90%, demonstrating that these have a favorable prognosis, even when they are treated by limited surgery followed by radiotherapy on the residual breast, provided that the axilla is completely dissected. Minimal invasive breast cancer should consequently be clearly distinguished from other pathologic entities termed as "minimal", such as lobular carcinoma in situ and intraductal carcinoma, for which complete axillary dissection is not worthwhile. PMID- 6623658 TI - Long-term response to ovariectomy in 35 premenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer, treated in coherence with hormonal tests. AB - Thirty-five premenopausal patients with metastasized or locally advanced breast cancer underwent ovariectomy. At relapse, after surgery, they were treated with hormone therapy or chemotherapy, according to hormonal tests carried out before the castration. Five-year survival, computed with the actuarial method, confirmed the better prognosis of the hormone-dependent patients and also an improved prognosis in the patients treated with hormone therapy after ovariectomy. Furthermore, chemotherapy proved more efficacious: an increased survival was observed in the non-hormone-dependent patients. PMID- 6623659 TI - Coagulation disorders in patients with tumors of the uterus. AB - Sixty-eight previously untreated female subjects were studied: 26 patients with cervical carcinoma, 22 with endometrial carcinoma, and 20 with benign uterine diseases. These patients, together with 25 healthy female control subjects, underwent several coagulation tests, including beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) plasma levels. Of all the parameters considered, the variations in beta-TG and PF4 were the most interesting. They were increased in patients with cervical and endometrial carcinoma. The sensitivity of the two tests reached 79% (15/19) for patients with invasive cervical carcinoma and 74% (16/22) for all patients with endometrial carcinoma. Our data demonstrate that among the investigated parameters beta-TG and PF4 are the earliest disorders of the hemostatic system and are more frequently increased in the gynecologic malignancies. PMID- 6623660 TI - Gastric epithelial dysplasia and sulphomucin-type intestinal metaplasia. AB - The HID-AB histologic staining technique, which distinguishes sulphomucin from sialomucin types of intestinal metaplasia, was employed in endoscopic gastric mucosal biopsies to evaluate their frequency of association with epithelial dysplasia. Sulphomucin-type intestinal metaplasia was found in 33% of the cases under observation; moderate or severe dysplasia was only associated with this type of intestinal metaplasia. Its precancerous significance can be ascertained only by means of prospective studies. PMID- 6623661 TI - Limitations of CEA monitoring as a guide to second-look surgery in colorectal cancer follow-up. AB - Forty-two patients with localized colorectal cancer (Dukes' A, B, C stages) were treated with potentially curative surgery and controlled with a follow-up program, which included CEA monitoring, for a period ranging from 12 to 48 months (median 33 months). During this period, we observed recurrent neoplastic disease in 14 patients. A retrospective analysis of the results showed that: 1. patients with a preoperative CEA value greater than 20 ng/ml have a significantly higher risk of recurrence than the patients with CEA less than 20 ng/ml; 2. sensitivity of the CEA test was good for metastatic recurrent disease, fairly good for residual neoplastic disease, but insufficient for local recurrence; 3. test specificity was poor, as demonstrated by the negative results of four exploratory laparotomies performed exclusively on the basis of increased CEA levels. Since the principal aim of a second-look operation is the cure of local recurrence, this type of surgery cannot be proposed only on the basis of increased CEA levels. PMID- 6623662 TI - Familial occurrence of Kaposi's sarcoma. Report of two brothers. AB - The racial and geographical distribution of Kaposi's sarcoma is well recognized. Therefore, a hereditary factor is suspected to play a role in it's etiology. Inspite of this, only about 15 instances of familial cases with the disease have been as yet reported in the literature. We describe here an additional instance of Kaposi's sarcoma occurring in two Jewish brothers born in Rumania and we resume the literature on previous reports of familial occurrence of Kaposi's sarcoma. PMID- 6623663 TI - [Biological activity of tRNA, aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetases and composition of their high molecular weight complexes in regenerating rat liver]. AB - tRNA isolated from the liver of rats with partial hepatectomy is established to possess an increased acceptor activity for amino acid mixture, lysine and glutamic acid 21 h after the operation and a decreased activity for tryptophan 6 and 15 h later when comparing control and experimental animals. The content of endogenic aminoacyl-tRNA in the liver of control and experimental animals in all periods of regeneration corresponds to the maximum level of tRNA aminoacylation in vitro. A complete correlation of changes in the tRNA activity and aminoacyl tRNA-synthetases is observed only for glutamyl-tRNA-synthetase and tRNAGlu. High molecular complexes of ARSases (codosomes) are isolated from liver of control and experimental animals 21 h after partial hepatectomy. The activity of lysyl- and glutamyl-tRNA-synthetases, content of tRNA, tRNAGlu,Lys as compared to the control is determined to rise, the content of phospholipids in their composition being 24% higher. PMID- 6623664 TI - [Amino acyl tRNA synthetase complexes in rabbit liver in experimental myocardial infarction]. AB - The composition of high-molecular complexes of aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetases (ARSase) from the rabbit liver was studied on the first day after reproduction of the experimental myocardium infarction. The studies revealed an increase in the glutamyl-, leucyl-, lysyl- and a decrease in the glycyl- and seryl-tRNA synthetase activities and redistribution of the last two enzymes from the composition of the complexes into a lower-molecular fraction of postribosomal supernatant fluid. Under the experimental myocardium infarction the complexes reveal a significant decrease in the content of phospholipids and variations in the electrophoretic mobility of protein fractions. An assumption is advanced that a disturbed protein biosynthesis in the liver resulted from the experimental myocardium infarction causes changes in the structural organization of the ARSase complexes. PMID- 6623665 TI - [Various metabolic reactions of glycine in the animal organism]. AB - Investigations on homogenates of the rat liver, kidney and spleen established an intensive incorporation of glycine carbon into the fraction of lipids, which exceeds much the incorporation of glycine carbon into proteins and acetate carbon into lipids. The data show that glycine incorporates into the lipid fraction without a preliminary conversion into acetate. PMID- 6623666 TI - [Effect of diphosphonic acids on alkaline phosphatase activity]. AB - Kinetics was studied for the alkaline phosphatase activity inhibition by diphosphonic acids. When the ratio of Mg2+ and substrate (S) concentrations [( Mg2+]/[S]) is equal to 10, the process constants for methylene diphosphonic, amino methylene diphosphonic and hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acids are 0.14, 0.12 and 0.35 mM, respectively. The inhibition is of competitive character. An increase in the Mg2+ concentration to the [Mg2+]/[S] = 40 ratio lowers the inhibition degree for all three diphosphonates; it follows a mixed mechanism. Thus, the inhibition of the alkaline phosphatase activity by diphosphonic acids is due to both competition of the inhibitor for the enzyme active centre and a decrease in the Mg2+ concentration, the phosphatase activator, because of Mg2+ complexing with diphosphonates. PMID- 6623667 TI - [Effect of thiamine on the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in rat liver following stimulation of lipogenesis]. AB - It is shown that thiamine administration to rats (250 micrograms per 100 g of mass) who were given high-carbohydrate diet (lipogenesis intensification) after fasting inhibits an increase in the pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in the liver homogenate and mitochondria usual under these conditions. This is observed when determining total activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and activity of its first component--pyruvate dehydrogenase estimated from the ferricyanide reduction and [1-14C] CO2 formation from [1-14C] pyruvate. Fasting animals and animals whom thiamine was administered against a background of lipogenesis intensification revealed a higher ability of the liver tissue to synthesize acetoin as compared with the control group and animals with the intensified lipogenesis without thiamine administration. PMID- 6623668 TI - [Energy metabolism in muscle tissue during hypokinesia of various durations]. AB - The state of energy metabolism in skeletal muscles and myocardium of albino rats was studied under long hypokinesia. It is established that on the 30th-70th days of hypokinesia endogenic fatty acids, whose oxidation promotes the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and inhibition of the creatine phosphokinase reaction, are the main substrate of energy metabolism. In blood there occurs hyperlipemia and a decrease in the glucose content. A further immobilization results in predominance of succinate-dependent respiration, in blood there occurs a certain decrease in lipemia, normalization of the glucose level and an increase in the urea content. PMID- 6623669 TI - [Energy metabolism in the liver of young and old rats during starvation]. AB - The concentration of key intermediate products of energy metabolism is determined in the liver of young and old rats under normal conditions and 24h after fasting. A decrease in the stationary concentrations of glucose, glucose-6-phosphate, ATP, ADP and AMP and an increase in the concentrations of lactate, glutamate, alpha glycerophosphate and Pi were found in the liver of rats in ageing. The carbohydrate metabolism response to fasting is also disturbed. The total content of adenine nucleotides it the rat liver during ageing is 25-30% lower. The deficit of adenine nucleotides is not associated with the activation of AMP desaminase; it may result from both physiological and functional disturbances in the ageing liver. PMID- 6623670 TI - [Human articular cartilage proteoglycans extracted by salt solutions]. AB - Studies were performed to investigate the capacity of proteoglycans for being extracted by salt solutions from unchanged and degeneratively changed articular cartilage of children and people of mature and elderly age. The content of proteoglycans and capacity for extraction depend on the age and degenerative changes in the cartilage tissue. PMID- 6623671 TI - [Dynamics of free amino acids in rat brain tissue during hypothermia]. AB - A comparative study is conducted for the effect of one-, three- and six-hour artificial deep (20-19 degrees C) hypothermia on the content of free amino acids in the blood serum, tissue, nuclei and mitochondria of the rat brain. It is found out that the content is the highest in the blood serum after a three-hour cooling. In the brain tissue the amount of amino acids lowers, especially under conditions of a six-hour hypothermia. In nuclei a three-hour effect of hypothermia decreases sharply the content of free amino acids and the six-hour one increases the amount of most of them. Under hypothermia the content of nearly all amino acids in the brain mitochondria is higher than in the intact animals. PMID- 6623672 TI - [Effect of somatotropin on the activity of mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in the liver of rats with hypo- and hyperthyroidism]. AB - The activity of mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in the liver of rats with hypothyrosis (two weeks after total thyroidectomy) is 36% of the normal level; in rats with hyperthyrosis (three weeks after subcutaneous implantation 2 mg of l-thyroxin on a kaolin base) it is 7.4 times as high. Bovine somatotropin (0.5 mg per 100 g of body mass) injected subcutaneously for 10 days has no effect on the enzyme activity in intact rats and in rats with hypothyrosis. In animals with hyperthyrosis somatotropin produces a 37% decrease in the enhance activity of the enzyme. Somatotropin fully normalizes a 25% increased amount of protein in the liver mitochondrial fractions of rats with hyperthyrosis. PMID- 6623673 TI - [Torture in Chile in 1980-1982. A study on Chilean nationals submitted to torture in their own country]. PMID- 6623674 TI - [Eye injuries from accidents with elastic luggage straps]. PMID- 6623675 TI - [The diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of clinical examination, mammography and fine-needle biopsy of palpable tumors of the breast]. PMID- 6623676 TI - [A method for calculating type 2 errors using non-parametric statisticals tests]. PMID- 6623677 TI - [An outbreak of Campylobacter enteritis in soldiers]. PMID- 6623678 TI - [Hepatitis A and B infections among surgical nursing staff]. PMID- 6623679 TI - [Surgical treatment of acute and subacute bacterial endocarditis]. PMID- 6623680 TI - [Routine microscopic examination of excised hemorrhoids]. PMID- 6623681 TI - [Depressive diseases and precipitation of psychological stress]. PMID- 6623682 TI - [Accidental injuries of an accessory biliary duct during cholecystectomy]. PMID- 6623683 TI - [Endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary]. PMID- 6623684 TI - [Silicosis in a dental technician]. PMID- 6623685 TI - [An overlooked case of hyperkalemic familial periodic paralysis]. PMID- 6623687 TI - [Occupational accidents in iron foundries. I. A historical prospective study]. PMID- 6623686 TI - [Diane]. PMID- 6623688 TI - [Occupational accidents in iron foundries. II. Sick-leave and notifications]. PMID- 6623689 TI - [Vision care outside hospitals. Selected aspects]. PMID- 6623690 TI - [Symptoms and delay in the diagnosis of chronic subdural hematoma]. PMID- 6623691 TI - [Early operation in acute cholecystitis following 99m-Tc-DIDA cholescintigraphy]. PMID- 6623692 TI - [Character neurotics with severe neuropsychological defects]. PMID- 6623693 TI - [The passage time for capsules and tablets through the esophagus]. PMID- 6623694 TI - [Cancer of the esophagus and the cardia. A review with special attention to the prognosis after radical surgery]. PMID- 6623695 TI - [Duodenal rupture after blunt abdominal injury]. PMID- 6623696 TI - [Slowly developing encephalitis with diagnostic problems]. PMID- 6623697 TI - [Severe poisoning with thyroid hormones in a body builder]. PMID- 6623698 TI - [Lesions in the upper esophagus caused by orally administered drugs]. PMID- 6623699 TI - [Child abuse. A forensic study]. PMID- 6623700 TI - [Violence in Narssaq, South Greenland]. PMID- 6623702 TI - [Death certificates - their completion and coding. An international comparative study with special reference to respiratory diseases]. PMID- 6623701 TI - [The effect of hospital routine on the frequency and duration of breast feeding. Significance of an early start of breast feeding, use of food supplements, weight control and night feeding]. PMID- 6623703 TI - [Cancer of the corpus uteri in Denmark 1943-1980. Neoplasm statistics 8]. PMID- 6623704 TI - [Crossing time zones or jet-lag]. PMID- 6623706 TI - [Pregnancy lasting longer than 42 weeks: graviditas prolongata]. PMID- 6623705 TI - [Perforated gastroduodenal ulcer in patients over 70 years of age]. PMID- 6623707 TI - [Siamese twins. A review based on 7 Danish cases]. PMID- 6623708 TI - [Initial results of digital subtraction angiography in the diagnosis of injuries]. AB - Conventional angiography has an established value in the diagnostic evaluation of the injured patient, but its use as an invasive and time-consuming method is limited. Digital subtraction angiography (dsa) as a method of intravenous arteriography opens a new diagnostic approach. Among 800 patients examined by means of the dsa in 9 months we had 16 injured patients. The special value of this noninvasive and time-saving method has been shown in the diagnosis of suspected lacerations of the thoracic aorta. PMID- 6623709 TI - [Osteopoikilosis. Clinical and patho-anatomical observations]. AB - Casuistic contribution about a 47 years old man, on whom we diagnosed, after an accident, radiological, mikroradiographical and histological on Osteopoikilia. Our examinations of this man and of his two sons (also with Osteopoikilia) confirmed with the medical literature, that the anomaly of the bone structure has no value of disease, neither of the skeletal system. The bonehealing of the father also showed no special problems, especially no delayed healing. PMID- 6623710 TI - [Surgical measures and results in injuries to the pelvic ring]. AB - 28 out of 34 surgically treated patients with pelvic ring injuries could be checked up. More than 75% of these patients, a rate which is relatively high, suffered from injuries to the ligament joints of the pelvic ring structure. In our cases, the "Schnursenkel" osteosynthesis, a combination of screws and wire curls, has proved to be very favorable. After having introduced this operation technique, we didn't abandon it any more. 28 patients could be submitted to a check-up examination, which showed no complaints in nine patients and little complaints in fourteen patients. Five patients reported partly considerable subjective troubles, however, only one patient had correspondent X-ray findings. In our opinion, the relatively good results are due to the open reposition which is the only method allowing a complete restoration of the original anatomical structures as well as to the operation technique applied by us. PMID- 6623711 TI - [Osteosynthesis of distal lower leg fractures]. AB - Unfavorable stability relationships in the case of distal lower leg bone fractures after tibiaosteosynthesis can lead to late postoperative complications such as the formation of pseudarthroses or a breaking of the metal plate. A possibility of decreasing the extent of these complications is provided by the simultaneous supply of osteosynthesis to both the tibia and fibula. For this purpose three individual cases were presented. Other results were discussed. PMID- 6623712 TI - [Triplane fractures of the lower shin bone in children and adults]. AB - The author reports an unusual combined lesion of epiphysiolysis and fracture of the distal tibial epiphyseal plate. Commonly one describes 3 types of this lesion, which present in the X-ray-diagnosis identical pictures although the bone fragments have quite different relationship concerning their topography. In the literature 88 cases of such a lesion are reported till now, the author describes 15 patients from 1973 to 1981. Twelve of them with the average age of 14 1/2 years and the meantime of controls of 4 years have been controlled. In 2 patients the results are considered as not satisfying, where as in one case the cause was probably a false diagnosis and consecutive a false treatment, the other having premature ossification of epiphysis. The proposed treatment is mainly conservative in undisplaced fractures and operative in fractures with displacement over 1 mm. PMID- 6623713 TI - [Operative reduction of comminuted fractures of the heel-bone and its results]. AB - Severe comminuted fractures of the heel-bone involving the joint, which have to be classified according to Bohler into group V-VIII, are treated by a modified form of the so-called raising operation of Palmer. 27 patients (= 14,3%) had bilateral heel-bone fractures. The posterior subtalar supporting plate is raised under image-amplifier control, the defect cavity is filled with spongiosa, and the result of reposition is fixed with Kirschner wires laid under the skin. Functional treatment may begin a few days later; loading is generally possible after ten to twelve weeks, when the metal parts have been removed and the fracture has consolidated. Sixteen patients (= 8,5%) do not need orthopedic instruments, 132 patients (= 69,9%) are provided with arch-supports, and 41 (= 69,9%) with orthopedic footwear. PMID- 6623714 TI - [Orthotic device with partial decompression of the lower leg - technic and indication]. AB - The orthopedic-technical way of production of a foot-and lower leg-orthosis with partial decompression is demonstrated. The possibilities of clinical application are analysed by classical indications and results of control examinations. We found an important increase of gait-performance, active and passive motion and circulation. It seems to be very important that 8 of 20 patients were able to work soon after application of the orthosis and could even do hard work. PMID- 6623715 TI - [Muscular changes caused by suction drainage. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, light microscopy and morphometric studies of dorsal muscles of the rat (Rattus rattus) using drainage]. AB - Changes in the dorsal muscles of 22 rats (Wistar), resulting from surgical drain, have been studied under different morphological aspects. The lumen of drains were obstructed after a short time. In the drains without using low pressure, erythrocytes and fibrin network were seen by scanning microscopical investigation. Patent muscle fibres could be analyzed in the lumen of drain using negative pressure. They prevent the functional drain system. By the effect of surgical drains the fibres of dorsal muscles had become swollen. This fact could be analyzed by morphometrical technique. Some changes in fibres have been demonstrated by histological methods. PMID- 6623716 TI - Treatment of traumatic injuries of the anorectal sphincter apparatus. AB - We have reported about three patients with extensive destruction of the anorectal sphincter apparatus which were treated at the I. Surgical Clinic of Innsbruck University, Austria, between 1964 and 1981. Diagnostical methods and therapy are explained. Special emphasis is layed on exact anamnestic, clinical, radiological and neurological diagnosis of the sphincter before the closing of the protective colostomy. PMID- 6623717 TI - [Osteosyntheses of the proximal femur. Critical consideration of the cases operated on in a medium-sized county hospital in 6 years]. PMID- 6623718 TI - [Therapeutic procedures for fractures in the region of juvenile bone cysts]. PMID- 6623719 TI - [Free transplantation of the latissimus dorsi muscle in the reconstruction of digital flexion]. PMID- 6623720 TI - [Bilateral compartment syndrome in the lower legs caused by over-exertion following a military march]. PMID- 6623721 TI - [Double dislocations in the thumb]. PMID- 6623722 TI - [Protrusion of palacos from the vascular canals of the femur]. PMID- 6623723 TI - [Cartilage punch biopsy in arthrotomy or -scopy]. PMID- 6623724 TI - [Biochemical aspects in the assessment of torsion fractures of the tibia in Alpine ski-sport]. PMID- 6623725 TI - [Bone healing following stable external osteosynthesis]. PMID- 6623726 TI - [Corrective osteotomies of the distal humerus following childhood elbow injuries]. PMID- 6623727 TI - [External fixation as the treatment method of femoral fracture in the child]. PMID- 6623728 TI - [Use of various forms of acupuncture and therapy with local anesthetics in accident surgery after care]. PMID- 6623729 TI - Symposium on complications of pediatric urologic surgery. PMID- 6623730 TI - Complications of pyeloplasty. AB - When successfully completed, the repair of pelviureteric junction obstruction can be an extremely gratifying experience. This success is the result of strict adherence to technical details in the conduct of the operation, regardless of which type of repair or method of drainage is used. Preservation of the ureteral vasculature, a water-tight anastomosis, prevention of infection, and careful placement and management of drains enhance the opportunity for a favorable outcome. PMID- 6623731 TI - Complications of megaureter surgery. PMID- 6623732 TI - Complications of ureteral duplication surgery. AB - The complications associated with surgery of duplex collecting systems are difficult to manage, and multiple options for reconstruction are available. Successful correction is based on an assessment of the anatomy and function in the kidney draining the complicated segment and on assessment of the remaining ureteral tissue. Many times successful reconstruction requires an innovative approach. PMID- 6623733 TI - Complications of cutaneous ureterostomy and other cutaneous diversion. PMID- 6623734 TI - Ureterocele. AB - In conclusion, the diagnosis and management of the ureterocele, simple or ectopic, require careful and thorough preoperative evaluation, culminating in a carefully planned and precisely done operative procedure. An error of omission can be a catastrophe. The choice of surgical approach is controversial but should be one with few potential complications. An awareness and understanding of the potential complications of ureterocele surgery are mandatory and should aid in their prevention. To avoid postoperative complications related to the retained ureteral stump, for ectopic ureteroceles I prefer removal of the entire dilated upper-pole ureter and ureterocele regardless of the manner in which the upper pole parenchyma is managed. As noted, infants and small children with large ectopic ureteroceles may be approached entirely extravesically, excising the dilated ectopic ureter to the detrusor hiatus. PMID- 6623735 TI - Complications of ureterosigmoidostomy. PMID- 6623736 TI - Complications of urinary undiversion. PMID- 6623737 TI - Complications of antireflux surgery. PMID- 6623738 TI - Complications of cutaneous vesicostomy in children. PMID- 6623739 TI - Complications of exstrophy surgery. PMID- 6623740 TI - Complications of posterior urethral valve surgery and their prevention. AB - The treatment of patients with posterior urethral valves has improved dramatically in recent times. Our personal experience with 207 patients with posterior urethral valves between 1957 and 1978 reveals a striking reduction in both mortality and morbidity during the latter decade. We have attempted to identify clearly the incidence, etiologic factors, preventive measures, and surgical treatment of complications arising in these patients. The overall improvement in management is certainly attributable to a growing experience and the constant advancements in the medical and surgical armamentarium. Our next goal at this time is to maximize long-term renal function and growth potential in these patients. PMID- 6623741 TI - Complications of circumcision. AB - In summary, there are multiple complications that can occur following circumcision, ranging from the insignificant to the tragic. Virtually all of these complications are preventable with only a modicum of care. Unfortunately, most such complications occur at the hands of inexperienced operators who are neither urologists nor surgeons. However, it usually will fall to the urologist to consult in the management of these complications and to repair such problems as they arise. PMID- 6623742 TI - Complications of the artificial urinary sphincter in pediatric patients. PMID- 6623743 TI - Complications of intermittent catheterization. PMID- 6623744 TI - Complications of pediatric percutaneous renal procedures: incidence and observations. AB - Successful definitive (complete) percutaneous renal procedures in the pediatric age group were performed in 97 per cent of antegrade pyelograms, in 94 per cent of ureteral perfusions (Whitaker test), in 98 per cent of nephrostomies, and 100 per cent of both retroperitoneal fluid drainages and renal aspiration biopsies. Significant complications, or those necessitating specific treatment or prolonged hospitalization, were 1.1 per cent. 0.7 per cent, 15.2 per cent, 0 per cent, and 0 per cent, respectively, for the above procedures. Not surprisingly, certain operators are more adept than others at successfully performing procedures and at avoiding some but not all complications (see Tables 2 and 3). Proper training, experience, and adherence to basic principles are important. However, there were no deaths, no kidneys lost, and no transfusions or operations required as a result of any complication from the pediatric percutaneous renal procedures; correction of any existing blood coagulation disorder is necessary prior to their performance to avoid potentially fatal hemorrhage. PMID- 6623745 TI - The posterior lumbotomy. PMID- 6623746 TI - [Surgical treatment of urolithiasis in children]. PMID- 6623747 TI - [State of the kidneys and upper urinary tract in chronic prostatitis patients]. PMID- 6623748 TI - [Intraoperative electroureterography in the treatment of hydroureteronephrosis]. PMID- 6623749 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of neoplasms of the urinary bladder]. PMID- 6623750 TI - [Surgical treatment of ureterocele of solitary ureters in children]. PMID- 6623751 TI - [Nephrogenic anemia in chronic renal failure patients]. PMID- 6623752 TI - [Binding of 131I-hippuran by erythrocytes of healthy subjects and patients with kidney diseases]. PMID- 6623753 TI - [Concentration of peroxidation products in the blood and urine and urinary enzyme activity in acute and chronic glomerulonephritis in children]. PMID- 6623754 TI - [Arrosion of a common iliac artery following nephrectomy]. PMID- 6623755 TI - [Diagnosis of arterial hypertension in chronic pyelonephritis patients and choosing a method of treatment]. PMID- 6623756 TI - [Diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism in patients with coral-like nephrolithiasis]. PMID- 6623757 TI - Acquired obstructions of the lower urinary tract in children. AB - Acquired obstructions of the lower urinary tract in children are uncommon. They can be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic lesions, and have a very varied etiology. Several illustrative cases are reported, such as traumatic and infectious strictures, meatal stenosis, benign and malignant tumors, fused labia, and epidermolysis bullosa. Many of these lesions have distinct radiographical features, best demonstrated by micturating cystourethrograms. PMID- 6623758 TI - Ultrasound of the neonatal urinary tract. AB - Ultrasound (US) is a safe and accurate imaging method in the evaluation of the urinary tract. It should be the first procedure used in the neonate to confirm prenatal diagnosis, in patients with a malformation in another organ system that is known to be associated with kidney anomalies, in patients presenting with a spontaneous pneumothorax, in cases of an abdominal mass, and, in renal failure, asphyxiated babies, septicemia or urinary tract infection, or, prolonged jaundice. In association with the other uroradiological methods, it will lead to the correct diagnosis in most cases. PMID- 6623759 TI - Fetal and neonatal hydronephrosis. AB - Maternal ultrasonography makes it possible to easily detect hydronephrosis in the fetus, and therefore fetal "screening" should be part of every obstetrical ultrasonogram. However, the mere presence of fetal hydronephrosis virtually never means that either fetal intervention or early delivery is warranted. The importance of fetal case-finding is that it enables us to promptly (and electively) evaluate and treat the asymptomatic neonate before infection or other complications occur. PMID- 6623760 TI - Diuretic radionuclide urography. AB - Diuretic radionuclide urography is a modification of conventional renography which utilizes the administration of intravenous furosemide to distinguish dilated, non-obstructed, hydronephrotic systems from those with significant mechanical obstruction. Diagnostic patterns are derived from computer generated time-activity histograms that depict the accumulation and washout of radiotracer before and after diuretic injection. In dilated but non-obstructed systems, diuresis produces a decline in activity. In obstructed systems, there is a failure of radiotracer washout in response to diuresis and no decline in activity is observed. The procedure is applicable to patients of all ages with suspected upper urinary tract obstruction. Clinical and experimental data support the accuracy and utility of this methodology and define its limitations and pitfalls. PMID- 6623761 TI - Vesicoureteral reflux in the monkey: a review. AB - Reflux is frequent in infant but uncommon in adult monkeys. Maturation of the ureterovesical junction thus occurs. Infection causes reflux only when the ureterovesical junction has been made marginally competent. Neither vesicoureteral nor intrarenal reflux affects renal function unless either infection or obstruction is present. PMID- 6623762 TI - Texture examinations on grain and thin section preparations of calcium oxalate calculi and their relations to pathogenetic parameters. AB - Texture examinations were made on 416 thin section and on 1,000 grain preparations of calcium oxalate calculi. The frequency of occurrence of four basic texture types in relation to pathological urine parameters, age and sex of the patients as well as types of stone removal are discussed. Percentage share of texture type I that correlates to hyperuricosuria shows a steady increase with increasing age. The proportions of types III and IV that are linked to hypercalciuria decrease with increasing age. The examinations show the feasibility of texture-type determinations within routine stone analysis and create the precondition for texture types to be included in metaphylaxis of calcium oxalate lithiasis. PMID- 6623763 TI - Flow-cytophotometric studies in renal carcinoma. AB - In 36 patients with renal carcinoma ploidy and cell cycle analysis of the tumour tissues by flow cytophotometry were performed. Considering the tumour stages pT, pN, and M no relationship between stage and DNA distribution could be established. With reference to the histological grading, grade I tumours showed only euploid DNA distributions, whereas grade II and III carcinomas exhibited both euploid and aneuploid DNA patterns. Whether ploidy analysis is correlated with the prognosis of the tumour disease remains to be determined. PMID- 6623765 TI - Augmentation ileocystoplasty: an experimental study in dogs. AB - We report a technique of ileal augmentation cystoplasty allowing the tailoring of a "made-to-measure" cystoplasty of an adequate size with two or three ileal loops. The wound healing at the borderline between the bladder plate and the pediculated transplant is studied by light- and electron microscopic techniques. PMID- 6623764 TI - Autoradiographic demonstration of binding sites for oestradiol and dihydrotestosterone in the urinary tract of male and female baboons. AB - By light microscopic autoradiography, the kidneys, ureters and urinary bladder of male and female baboons were examined in an effort to define which cells in these three organs were targets for oestradiol (E2) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). In the parenchyma of the kidney, there was no specific uptake of either 3H-E2 or 3H DHT, whereas the cortical and medullary connective tissue cells sequestered only 3H-E2. The latter hormone was also found in cells comprising the tunica intima and tunica media of the renal, interlobar and arcuate arteries. The two radiolabelled steroids were concentrated in connective tissue cells of the lamina propria of the ureter and bladder and in the tissue adjacent to smooth muscle fasciculi. Only 3H-DHT was retained by the smooth muscle in these two organs. These observations indicate that specific steroid binding sites are present in the urinary system of the baboon. Their role in the physiology of the kidney, ureter and urinary bladder remains at this point unclear. PMID- 6623766 TI - Prenatal diagnosis by ultrasonography of genitourinary abnormalities. AB - Prenatal ultrasound has resulted in the earlier recognition of genitourinary related abnormalities. This is a review for urologists of the normal developmental anatomy, physiology, and ultrasound characteristics of representative urogenital abnormalities with guidelines for diagnostic or therapeutic intervention. PMID- 6623767 TI - Penile plethysmography useful in diagnosis of vasculogenic impotence. AB - Pulse-volume recordings were obtained in 40 normal subjects and 62 patients with history of impotence. In office practice, this study proved to be valuable for estimating penile perfusion. Penile plethysmography is a unique and adaptable screening method for penile blood flow. It measures the contributions of all vessels at the root of the penis. Pulse-volume recordings also were found to correlate with the severity of pelvic angiographic patterns of occlusive disease. Further investigation is necessary to determine the precision with which the method can detect penile blood flow in patients with early vascular compromise. PMID- 6623768 TI - Role of confrontation in performance and interpretation of nocturnal penile tumescence studies. AB - Nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) studies were performed in 39 men complaining of erectile impotency. In over half the cases, the tracings alone without the results of monitoring did not allow conclusive determination of cause or suggest a reasonable treatment. Results of technician-monitoring of erections, and the patient's reaction to confrontation with the erections achieved, allowed a rational basis for treatment in most cases. NPT testing should be (1) monitored, and (2) used as an adjunct to planning treatment for, but not to determine cause of, erectile impotency. PMID- 6623769 TI - Loop catheter extraction of ureteral stones: a re-evaluation. AB - Loop catheter extraction of ureteral stones has been used consistently by our group for over thirty years. Stones of up to 1.5 cm in largest dimension can be removed by this method, and for stones of any size there is less trauma to the ureter than with basket extraction. A representative five-year experience is presented in dealing with 264 ureteral stones, 58 of which were managed by loop extraction. PMID- 6623771 TI - Indwelling urinary catheter infections in small community hospital. Role of urinary drainage bag. AB - Ninety cases of closed drainage urinary catheterization were studied by daily bacteriologic monitoring with Microstix. In 23 per cent of the patients bacteriuria developed, and 92.6 per cent of all catheter infections occurred within three days. These infections occurred primarily in postsurgical patients, and were probably related to initial contamination during catheter insertion. Only 1 patient had a positive drainage bag urine culture prior to the development of bladder bacteriuria. At our institution poor catheter technique was much more important as a risk factor of nosocomial urinary tract infection than an antiseptic drainage bag system. PMID- 6623770 TI - Minidose heparin in transurethral prostatectomy. AB - A double-blind prospective study was performed on 34 patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Seventeen patients, selected at random by computer, were given 5,000 units of subcutaneous heparin three hours preoperatively and every twelve hours thereafter for forty-eight hours. The other 17 received normal saline injections in a similar manner. All patients had pre- and postoperative lung scans. The blood loss was measured during and for seventy two hours after surgery. There was no statistically significant difference in the bleeding in comparing the two groups. Two patients from the heparin group were diagnosed to have pulmonary emboli by lung scan preoperatively and showed no change postoperatively. In 1 patient from the control group an asymptomatic pulmonary embolism developed in the postoperative period. The use of subcutaneous heparin in TURP is safe and is recommended for patients with an increased risk of pulmonary embolism. PMID- 6623772 TI - Relationship of blood group to testicular carcinoma. AB - The hospital records of 48 patients undergoing retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy for testicular carcinoma between 1971 and 1980 were reviewed with respect to blood group. In contrast to a recent report which suggested an unusually high frequency of blood group A among patients with testicular carcinoma, no correlation between blood type and testicular carcinoma was noted in this group. The blood group frequencies observed in this study group were consistent with the reported blood group frequencies for the general population. PMID- 6623773 TI - Blunt renal pelvic and ureteral injury in multiple-injured patients. AB - The presence of multiple severe injuries influences the management and results with blunt renal pelvic and ureteral injury. Our 9 patients had an average of 4.5 associated injuries per patient and associated renal pedicle injuries in 4 patients. The poor general condition of the multiple-injured patient precluded the optimal management of the blunt renal pelvic and ureteral injury in 5 of the 9 patients. Delayed repair was performed in 4 patients with a successful result in 3. The fourth patient had a complicated course resulting in nephrectomy. The delay in presentation and diagnosis of the renal pelvic or ureteral injury did not preclude a successful result with delayed repair. PMID- 6623774 TI - Left varicocele at puberty. AB - A study was made of 160 cases of left varicocele treated during 1979-1980; there were 35 patients under sixteen years old. Also 74.3 per cent of patients already had mono- or bilateral testicular hypotrophy. Testicular biopsy revealed 90 per cent had histologic lesions of varying nature and degree. We believe varicocele formation is related to physiologic changes during puberty. These data suggest that early recognition of varicocele and its correction before the appearance of irreversible testicular lesions may prevent male sterility. PMID- 6623776 TI - Stone-like calcification of hypernephroma. AB - A case of stone-like calcification of renal cell carcinoma is presented. The pattern of calcification in relation to prognosis of renal cell carcinoma is discussed. PMID- 6623775 TI - In vitro effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on guinea pig urinary bladder. AB - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) may have a neuronal function regulating smooth muscle activity. At concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 3.0 micrograms/ml VIP elicited no significant changes in baseline tension, magnitude, or frequency of contractions of guinea pig bladder muscle strips. Likewise, VIP did not inhibit significantly the rise in baseline tension elicited by acetylcholine or electrical stimulation. PMID- 6623777 TI - Father-son testicular (teratocarcinoma) malignancy. AB - A case report of father-son testicular cancers, both teratocarcinomas, is presented and genetic considerations discussed. PMID- 6623778 TI - Retrovesical echinococcal cyst causing acute urinary retention. AB - A case report of a fifty-six-year-old man with acute urinary retention due to a retrovesical echinococcal cyst is presented. He had a history of surgery for hepatic hydatidosis; diagnosis was made preoperatively with the help of conventional x-ray studies, pelvic sonography, and CT scanning. Treatment consisted of removal of the cyst. PMID- 6623779 TI - Spontaneous intrapartum rupture of renal hamartoma. AB - Spontaneous rupture of a renal hamartoma during pregnancy is a rare condition. Increased blood volume, increased renal blood flow, and vascular changes secondary to a change in the hormonal milieu may predispose to rupture in pregnancy. The diagnosis is made difficult by a desire to proceed cautiously and avoid the inherent risks of interventional radiography, aggressive surgical therapy, or conservative management as well. However, a conservative approach may be successful in selected cases. PMID- 6623780 TI - Inverted papilloma of ureter. AB - A rare case of inverted papilloma of the ureter in a sixty-eight-year-old man is presented, and the literature is reviewed. PMID- 6623782 TI - How to fill silicone catheter balloon. AB - The self-retaining balloons of the silicone catheters (Dover and Travenol) will lose fluid according to the concentration of the solutions injected. The process is temperature-dependent and must be governed by a balance between hydrostatic and osmotic pressure gradients. Where loss of fluid from a low-volume balloon may be critical in the premature loss of an indwelling silicone catheter, we recommend that a concentration equivalent to 5 per cent saline be used in the balloon. PMID- 6623781 TI - Malignant mesenchymoma of kidney and inferior vena cava. AB - Herein is reported the first known case of malignant mesenchymoma involving the kidney and secondarily the vena cava in an adult. A thirty-nine-year-old woman succumbed to this malignancy within three months after the diagnosis was established, despite multimodal therapy. PMID- 6623783 TI - Patient positioning for posterior lumbotomy. PMID- 6623784 TI - Transrectal aspiration biopsy of prostate: modified franzen technique. PMID- 6623785 TI - Multilocular cyst of renal hilum. AB - A case of a multilocular cyst in a sixty-three-year-old woman is reported. The cyst was located in the hilum of a kidney and was distorted but did not involve the renal pelvis or parenchyma. Although unique in location, it fulfilled all the criteria for a multilocular renal cyst. PMID- 6623786 TI - Renal oncocytoma associated with diffuse lymphoma. AB - We report on a sixty-six-year-old man with a poorly differentiated, diffuse lymphoma in whom bilateral multiple renal masses developed six months after starting chemotherapy. Computerized tomography and selective renal arteriograms were suggestive of either recurrence of lymphoma or renal cell carcinoma. Kidney biopsy revealed renal oncocytomas, benign renal tumors. The patient was spared further courses of cytotoxic therapy. PMID- 6623787 TI - Case profile: prostatolithiasis. PMID- 6623790 TI - Primary spontaneous renocutaneous fistula. PMID- 6623789 TI - Renal varicosities with gross hematuria and negative arteriography. Experience with sclerosing agent in 1 patient. AB - For a patient with hematuria, negative excretory urography, cystoscopy, and renal arteriography, renal venography should be obtained to search for venous malformations. We present a case in which hematuria was temporarily relieved by infusion of a sclerosing agent into a renal varicose plexus. PMID- 6623788 TI - Retrograde basketing of renal pelvis calculus. PMID- 6623791 TI - [Surgery on the facial nerve within the canal in children]. PMID- 6623793 TI - [Differential diagnosis of otogenic thrombophlebitis of the venous sinuses of the dura mater and sepsis]. PMID- 6623792 TI - [Clinical aspects and treatment of otogenic sepsis]. PMID- 6623794 TI - [Incidence, nature and level of the lesion of the acoustic analyzer in the acute period of tick-borne encephalitis]. PMID- 6623795 TI - [Effect of complex physiotherapeutic and drug treatment methods on the mucosal function of the upper respiratory tract in pneumoconiosis patients]. PMID- 6623796 TI - [Status of otorhinolaryngological care for the population and measures for its further improvement in light of the decisions of the 26th Congress of the CPSU]. PMID- 6623797 TI - [Disorder of the protein composition of the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with bilateral labyrinthine hydrops based on data from an immunochemical analysis]. PMID- 6623798 TI - [Computer tomography in the diagnosis of paranasal sinus neoplasms]. PMID- 6623799 TI - [Otorhinolaryngologist's procedure in combined nasal septal deformation with hypertrophy of the conchae nasales]. PMID- 6623800 TI - [Ultrasonic disintegration of tissue in otorhinolaryngology]. PMID- 6623801 TI - [Status and treatment of the upper respiratory tract in patients with acute pneumonia]. PMID- 6623802 TI - [Case of multiple otogenic brain abscesses ending in recovery]. PMID- 6623803 TI - [Congenital atresia of the external auditory canal in 3 members of 1 family]. PMID- 6623804 TI - [Case of foreign bodies entering the maxillary sinus complicated by pansinusitis, orbital phlegmon and blindness]. PMID- 6623805 TI - [Treatment of laryngotracheitis in children]. PMID- 6623806 TI - [Isolated respiratory tract burn due to the aspiration of a chemical agent]. PMID- 6623807 TI - [Effect of an intrauterine contraceptive device on the singing voice]. PMID- 6623808 TI - [Ethmoid labyrinth diseases preceding malignant tumors]. PMID- 6623809 TI - [Nonspecific and specific resistance factors in children with otoantritis]. PMID- 6623810 TI - [Bacteriological characteristics of a surgical hospital]. AB - 42426 bacteriological inoculations from different objects were performed in a many-profile surgical hospital. Carriage of bacilli among the medical staff was 27%, among the patients admitted to the hospital it was 99-100%. The amount of bacilli-carriers among the patients was found to decrease by the time of discharge from the hospital. PMID- 6623811 TI - [Organoid teratoma of the retroperitoneal space in a newborn infant]. PMID- 6623812 TI - [Torsion and rupture of floating spleen in combination with destructive appendicitis in a 13-year-old girl]. PMID- 6623813 TI - [Our experience with endoprosthesis in surgery for bone tumors]. AB - Endoprosthesis is a method allowing a valuable substitution of bone defects (articular ends of long tubular bones, both articular ends of the bones making the articulation, whole long tubular bones with articulations). The employment of endoprostheses is expedient for the substitution of defects of the breast bone, pelvis, hand bones as well. Endoprosthesis in combination with preoperative radiotherapy and post-operative modern chemotherapy allows preserving the extremities in certain patients with osteogenic sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, reticulosarcoma, chondrosarcoma and solitary plasmacytoma. The experience with 204 operations of endoprosthesis of bones is presented. PMID- 6623814 TI - [A method of plastic surgery of the finger flexor tendons]. AB - The defect of the superficial flexor tendon of fingers was substituted by a transplant. Incision of the skin was made on the ungual phalanx of the finger and on the forearm. With the palm localization of the injury the incision was made distal to the place of the injured tendon. The removable sliding suture should be used. The operations were performed on 52 patients. Results of the operations on 33 patients are presented. PMID- 6623815 TI - [Errors and complications in conservative and surgical treatment of diaphyseal fractures of the forearm bones]. PMID- 6623816 TI - [Postoperative eventrations]. PMID- 6623817 TI - [Postoperative peritonitis]. PMID- 6623818 TI - [Evaluation of temporary disability after reconstructive surgery of the blood vessels of the lower extremities for arteriosclerosis obliterans]. PMID- 6623819 TI - [Continuous aspiration in prevention of postoperative wound suppuration]. AB - The aspiration method of preventing suppurations (after Redon) was used in 948 patients. After "pure" operations suppurations were found to appear in 0,8%, after "conventionally pure" operations in 1,3% and after operations associated with a considerable postoperative risk of a wound infection--in 17% of cases. The aspiration--irrigation method of preventing suppurations was used in 69 patients operated under conditions of a developing purulent process. Suppuration of the wounds was found to develop in 1,3% of cases. PMID- 6623821 TI - [Intra-aortic balloon pumping in cardiac surgery]. AB - The application of the intra-aortal counter-pulsation in the complex treatment of 37 patients was followed by stabilization of hemodynamics in 67,6% of cases, 37,8% of the patients survived. The intra-aortal counter-pulsation used in the preoperative period resulted in the survival of 50% of patients. The beginning of the procedure during the operation or in the postoperative period gave the survival of 40,9% and 22,2% of the patients correspondingly. Complications in the performing of the intra-aortal counter-pulsation were noted in 27% of cases. PMID- 6623820 TI - [Clinical evaluation of immunologic reactivity of the organism and immunotherapy in purulent surgical infection]. AB - The reaction of leukocytolysis with microbial standard allergens is found to be more sensitive than the intracutaneous test to detect the bacterial allergy in patients with a purulent surgical infection. The microbial allergization of the organism is followed by a considerable inhibition of the humoral and cell immunity. Immunotherapy must be included in the complex treatment of patients with purulent surgical infection for elimination of the specific sensibilization and improvement of the immune reactivity of the organism. PMID- 6623822 TI - [Major trends in the treatment of patients with septic shock]. AB - The authors formulate main tasks to be solved which will result in successful treatment of septic shock in the surgical clinic. Choice of the methods affecting the septic focus is determined including measures from the rational systemic antibacterial therapy to interventions on the focus with its ablation or draining. The infusive and medicamentous programs are formulated, debatable questions in the treatment of such patients are discussed on the basis of the personal experience: the application of vasoactive drugs, corticosteroids, heparin. PMID- 6623823 TI - [Pleural empyema after closed mitral commissurotomy]. AB - Risk factors, causes and results of the treatment of 63 patients with pleura empyema after closed commissurotomy were studied. The incidence of this complication was 0,77% per 8147 operations. Among the direct causes of empyemas there were infected blood (47,6%) and exudate (41,3%) in the pleural cavity of abscessing infarction-pneumonia (9,5%). Open drainage was found to be the most effective method of the treatment. 81% of the patients recovered. Lethality was 19%, mainly due to pyo-septic complications. PMID- 6623825 TI - [Results of the resection of basal lung segments in adult patients with bronchiectasis]. AB - On the basis of the complex clinico-functional examination of 78 patients before and after operations for bronchiectasis the authors consider that performing preserving resections, segmentectomies in particular, still remains the main principle of the surgical treatment of adult patients with bronchiectasis. Complete clinical recovery may be achieved in half of the operated patients. A third of the patients showed an improvement in their condition. PMID- 6623824 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygenation in the treatment of patients with acute purulent destructive lung and pleural diseases]. AB - In experiments in rabbits the authors have elaborated safe (in relation to a barotrauma of the lungs) regimens of the pressure changes taking place while performing HBO. In the treatment of 127 patients with acute suppurations of the lungs and pleura it was established that a short course of HBO (4-5 sessions) in the regimens used was safe and clinically effective. The method is recommended for the treatment of patients with spreaded injuries of the pulmonary tissue developing with a pronounced endogenous intoxication. PMID- 6623826 TI - [Partial resection of the pancreas in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis]. AB - On the basis of an experience with 1215 operations for chronic pancreatitis the authors came to a conclusion concerning expediency of partial resection (up to 40% of the volume) of the pancreas with a local damage of the organ. Such operations were fulfilled in 33 patients. Good and satisfactory results were obtained in 28 of 33 patients. There were no lethal outcomes. In all the operated patients subjected to selective suppression of the exocrine function of the retained part of the gland no recurrencies of pancreatitis were noted. PMID- 6623827 TI - [Immediate and long-term results of extensive intestinal resections]. AB - Results of extended resections of the intestine in 60 patients are analyzed. The early postoperative lethality was 63%. Perspectives for the improvement of early and late results are thought to be associated with a better preoperative preparing, objective intraoperative assessment of the degree and spread of disturbances of the mesenterial blood flow, decompression of the gastro intestinal tract in the postoperative period. PMID- 6623828 TI - [Incomplete intestinal fistulas]. AB - Data on the treatment of incomplete intestinal fistulas in 86 patients are presented. In 34 patients the incomplete intestinal fistulas were formed on the duodenum after a resection of the stomach. Tampons were responsible for the formation of small intestine incomplete fistulas in 47 patients. The operative treatment was used in 10 of 86 patients with incomplete intestinal fistulas, better results being obtained in the patients operated upon within the first three days after the appearance of the fistula. In cases with incomplete small intestine fistulas 54 patients died of 76; with colonic fistulas 4 of 10 patients died. PMID- 6623829 TI - [Clinical manifestations of benign nonepithelial colonic tumors]. AB - The experience of the Petrov Research Institute of Oncology is analyzed. The complex examination of patients including modern roentgenological and endoscopic methods were found to be most rational in the diagnosis of benign non-epithelial tumors of the colon. Preserving operations are thought to be expedient for the treatment of patients with benign non-epithelial tumors of the colon. PMID- 6623830 TI - [Reconstructive surgery for traumatic aneurysms of the major vessels]. AB - Forty six patients were operated for traumatic aneurysms, 29 of them having arterial aneurysms and 17 patients having arterio-venous aneurysms. The optimal method to reestablish the patency of the vessels was the making of the lateral or circular suture, autovenous prosthesis being used for defects of the vessels longer than 3 cm. Good and satisfactory results were obtained in 93,3%. One patient died. PMID- 6623831 TI - [Results of reconstructive surgery of the blood vessels in injuries of the distal regions of the upper extremities]. AB - Remote results of the treatment of 68 patients with an associated trauma of the forearm were studied. Complete recovery of the hand functioning was noted in 63,2% of the patients. In 22% of the patients with severe associated traumas the extremity function was considerably worse despite the reestablished blood circulation. Repeated operations on the nerve were indicated to 5,8% of the patients. PMID- 6623832 TI - [Splenic rupture in pregnant women]. PMID- 6623833 TI - [Left hemihepatectomy in liver abscess complicated by rupture and hemorrhage]. PMID- 6623834 TI - [Inflammatory stomach pseudotumor mimicking cancer]. PMID- 6623835 TI - [Appendiceal fistulas]. PMID- 6623836 TI - [Internal appendiceal-intestinal fistulas]. PMID- 6623837 TI - [Reiter's syndrome in a surgeon's practice]. PMID- 6623838 TI - [Paraproctitis caused by a foreign body]. PMID- 6623839 TI - [Emergency angiography in the diagnosis of nonpenetrating injuries of the abdominal organs]. AB - On the basis of 87 urgent angiographies in 65 patients the diagnosis of injuries of parenchymatous organs is described. The patients are divided into 4 groups: 1 contusion of the organ, 2-subcapsular and central hematomas, 3-transcapsular ruptures and fragmentation of the organ, 4-multiple injuries. Urgent angiography helps to make the exact diagnosis, to establish the character of injuries and to choose the method of treatment of the patients and the operation technique. PMID- 6623840 TI - [Treatment of the muscles in primary amputation of the lower extremity]. AB - Histological and histochemical investigations of muscles in 18 patients have shown that when performing primary amputations of lower extremities according to the type of surgical treatment in the wound stump there necessarily remains muscular tissue of lower viability with necrotic areas. PMID- 6623841 TI - [Treatment of nonpenetrating injuries of scrotal organs]. AB - Under observation were 106 patients with closed injuries of the scrotum and organs in it. The conservative treatment was used in 24 patients, 82 patients (77,3%) were subjected to operations. Different injuries of testicles, epididymis or tunics of the testicles were observed. The operative treatment allows making reliable diagnosis of injuries of the testicle and its epididymis, gives favourable results and considerably accelerates the healing of the patients. PMID- 6623842 TI - Primary ocular melanoma in dogs. AB - The clinical signs, gross and microscopic appearance, treatment, and follow-up results of 35 dogs with primary ocular melanomas are reviewed. The melanomas are classified as epibulbar or intraocular based on the site of origin. The intraocular tumors are classified as spindle A, spindle B, mixed spindle B and epithelioid, and purely epithelioid based on cytologic criteria. The pathologic findings are matched with the follow-up history in an attempt to determine which features have prognostic significance. The findings are contrasted to those of similar studies of spontaneous ocular melanomas in man. PMID- 6623843 TI - Pheochromocytomas and ultimobranchial (C-cell) neoplasms in the bull: evidence of autosomal dominant inheritance in the Guernsey breed. AB - Pheochromocytomas and ultimobranchial (C-cell) neoplasms were diagnosed at a high frequency in a family of Guernsey bulls. The incidence supported the hypothesis of autosomal dominant inheritance of the neoplasms. These two neoplasms also occur in man as multiple endocrine adenomatosis type 2, which has autosomal dominant inheritance. PMID- 6623844 TI - Ovarian hemangioma in swine. AB - Eighteen (3.9%) ovarian hemangiomas were diagnosed in a survey of reproductive disorders in 460 sows from two to eight years of age during a three-year study. Ovarian hemangiomas only were observed in sows aged over 30 months, and no such neoplasms were found in 42 gilts. The incidence of ovarian hemangioma was highest at five to eight years of age. Of the 18 sows with ovarian hemangioma, one was purebred and 17 were crossbred pigs; of these, twelve had farrowed 12 to 15 litters, four had farrowed six to 11 litters and two had farrowed three litters. All 18 sows with ovarian hemangioma had one or more clinical signs related to reproductive disorders including small litter size, agalactia, fertilization failure, fetal death, silent estrus, anestrus, abortion, and stillbirth. The pathological features of the neoplasms in sows were similar to those described previously in swine and in man. Spontaneous ovarian hemangioma might provide a model for investigation of the etiology and pathogenesis of ovarian hemangioma in man. PMID- 6623845 TI - Peliosis hepatis-like lesion in aging rats. AB - The incidence of peliosis hepatis-like lesions in two-year-old Charles River-CD Sprague-Dawley rats (Charles River Breeding Laboratories, Wilmington, MA) was almost twice as high in males as females. Blood lakes developed from progressive expansion of sinusoids with destruction of the hepatic cell cords. The endothelial processes of the blood lakes had edematous swelling, vesiculation, and denudation. The microvilli of hepatocytes became swollen, blunted, and sloughed where the endothelial processes were disrupted. Subsequently, the hepatocytes were exposed directly to circulating blood cells and had degenerative changes with accumulation of red blood cells in the cytoplasm. The membrane-bound cysts were observed with the blood lakes and were bounded with atrophic hepatocytes or membranous wall extending to the Disse's space of adjacent hepatocytes. The cysts were filled with proteinaceous fluid, fibrin, and a few red blood cells. The wall of membrane-bound cysts consisted of endothelial processes extending from the endothelial cells of adjacent hepatocytes. The wall appeared to develop from adhesion of endothelial processes surrounding sinusoidal spaces of the hepatocytes following lysis of atrophic hepatocytes. PMID- 6623846 TI - Erythrocyte volume distribution analysis and hematologic changes in two horses with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. AB - Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia was diagnosed in two horses on the basis of regenerative anemia, increased erythrocyte fragility in hypotonic saline, autoagglutination, and a positive direct antiglobulin (Coomb's) test. During steroid therapy partial resolution of the anemia was indicated by rising packed cell volume, macrocytosis, and bone marrow erythroid hyperplasia. Using erythrocyte volume distribution histograms (erythrograms), the regenerative response was characterized by analysis of macrocytic and normocytic erythrocyte subpopulations. In both horses, a gradual net increase of about 2 X 10(6) macrocytes/microliter occurred over a four- to five-week period. Over the same interval there was a gradual decrease in the number of normocytes. We suggest that the macrocytes remained large through this period rather than contributing to normocyte population growth. Erythrograms may provide an additional means of evaluating erythrocyte regeneration in horses. PMID- 6623847 TI - Mononuclear cell leukemia in aged Sprague-Dawley rats. AB - A mononuclear cell leukemia in Sprague-Dawley rats is described in which liver, spleen, and lung involvement was a constant feature. The cell was 16 to 25 microns in diameter with round, oval or indented nucleus, and the cytoplasm contained bright red granules. This is the first report of such a leukemia in Sprague-Dawley rats and a comparison with mononuclear cell leukemia in other strains of laboratory rats is made. PMID- 6623848 TI - The pathology of experimental Corynebacterium equi infection in foals following intrabronchial challenge. AB - Six foals were inoculated intrabronchially with a suspension of Corynebacterium equi. Six weeks before this challenge, three foals were vaccinated with a C. equi bacterin. Three foals were unvaccinated controls. All foals developed a severe bronchopneumonia in the inoculated lung, indicating that vaccination was not protective. Three foals (two vaccinated, one control) were killed eight to nine days after infection. One control died on day 9 with lesions of disseminated intravascular coagulation. The remaining two foals (one vaccinated, one control) were killed on day 17. C. equi was cultured in large numbers from affected lung and bronchial lymph nodes, and in smaller numbers from unaffected lung, spleen, and liver in all foals. In the 8- to 9-day-old lung lesions, the alveoli were filled with macrophages, neutrophils, and multinucleate giant cells and most contained numerous C. equi. The few foci of alveolar necrosis were associated with groups of bacteria-laden macrophages undergoing degeneration. In the lesions of 17-day duration, there was extensive parenchymal destruction with little fibrous tissue reaction. Lesions common to both groups included hyperplastic bronchiolitis, pulmonary edema, and perivascular lymphocytic cuffs and a pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis in bronchial nodes. One vaccinated foal had a microscopic pyogranulomatous colitis. The lesions in the experimentally infected foals are compared with those in naturally infected foals and discussed in terms of likely pathogenetic mechanisms involved in C. equi pneumonia in foals. PMID- 6623849 TI - The pathology of experimental Corynebacterium equi infection in foals following intragastric challenge. AB - The intragastric inoculation of a suspension of Corynebacterium equi on five consecutive days induced severe ulcerative colitis, typhlitis, and lymphadenitis of colonic and cecal nodes in two ponies necropsied three weeks after infection. No gross lesions were observed in two ponies necropsied ten days after infection. A single inoculum of equivalent size failed to induce gross lesions in four ponies killed at ten or 20 days after infection. Microscopic lesions consistent with early C. equi infection of Peyer's patches were seen in two of the ponies killed ten days after infection. Only one small pulmonary abscess occurred in one foal, suggesting that intestinal lesions are not likely the usual precursor of pulmonary disease in naturally infected foals. The gross and microscopic lesions in the experimentally infected ponies were typical of the intestinal form of naturally occurring C. equi associated disease in foals. PMID- 6623850 TI - Morphologic changes following intraarticular inoculation of Mycoplasma bovis in calves. AB - Intraarticular inoculation of Mycoplasma bovis into the joints of six-week-old calves caused severe arthritis in five inoculates and mild arthritis in a sixth. Intraarticular inoculation of killed M. bovis did not cause arthritis. Arthritic calves had fever, joint swelling, lameness, neutrophilia, and intercurrent pneumonia from which M. bovis could not be recovered. Gross lesions were massive fibrinosuppurative synovitis and tenosynovitis, erosion of cartilage, and its replacement by polypoid granulation tissue. Histologic lesions were extensive ulceration of synovial membranes, leukocytic infiltration of the subsynovium, congestion, hyperemia, and thrombosis of the subsynovial vessels. Cartilage erosion was accompanied by chronic osteomyelitis and formation of pannus tissue. The presence of thrombi and platelet aggregates suggests that the inflammatory process in the synovium may arise from the interaction of M. bovis with the vasculature and the coagulation process of the host. PMID- 6623851 TI - Naturally occurring virus-associated respiratory disease in two guinea pigs. PMID- 6623852 TI - Invasive trichomoniasis in a Callicebus moloch. PMID- 6623853 TI - Osteolipomatoid polyps in the bronchi of a cougar. PMID- 6623854 TI - Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in a horse. PMID- 6623855 TI - Unilateral testicular hypoplasia in a goat. PMID- 6623856 TI - Malignant granulosa cell tumor in an Angus cow. PMID- 6623857 TI - Mammary carcinoma in a cow. PMID- 6623858 TI - Sexing penguins by cloacal examination. AB - Cloacal examination to determine sex was carried out in 145 penguins of five species. The birds were from four of the major collections in the British Isles. Differences in the appearance of the urodaeum were sufficient to differentiate between the sexes in the species examined. PMID- 6623859 TI - Suspect three chambered right atrium in a pup. AB - The necropsy results from a puppy with decompensated heart failure suggested that deformities of the right atrium, consisting of triple chamber development and venous obstruction, were the cause of cardiac failure. PMID- 6623860 TI - In vitro sensitivity of 28 bovine isolates of Campylobacter to some commonly used antimicrobials. PMID- 6623861 TI - Latex gastrointestinal impaction in two bulls. PMID- 6623862 TI - William Weipers lecture. A common European veterinary policy. PMID- 6623863 TI - Sex chromatin study of a bull and its freemartin cotwin. PMID- 6623864 TI - Paste preparation of phenylbutazone. PMID- 6623865 TI - Cold cow syndrome. PMID- 6623866 TI - Displaced abomasums on a dairy farm in Hong Kong. PMID- 6623867 TI - Feed associated haemorrhagic disorder in pigs accompanied by pancreatic lesions. AB - The introduction of a new batch of feed to 400 pigs aged five to eight weeks resulted in 38 deaths and further morbidity associated with multiple haemorrhages. Signs abated within two days of withdrawal of the feed. Widespread haemorrhages were present in many tissues including the pancreas. Additional pancreatic lesions comprised focal necrosis, atrophy and fibrosis of exocrine tissue. The condition was reproduced experimentally in pigs and vitamin K protected mice against the injurious effects of the feed. The cause was not determined but it is speculated that more than one toxic factor and an imbalance of nutritional factors may have been present in the diet. PMID- 6623868 TI - Severe liver damage in suckler cows. PMID- 6623869 TI - Porcine pleuropneumonia associated with Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae serotype 3 in the Republic of Ireland. PMID- 6623870 TI - Isolation and identification of Mycoplasma bovigenitalium from imported semen of bulls. PMID- 6623871 TI - Mokola virus infection in cats and a dog in Zimbabwe. PMID- 6623872 TI - Role of wildebeest fetal membranes and fluids in the transmission of malignant catarrhal fever virus. AB - Malignant catarrhal fever virus was not isolated from samples of fetal membranes or fluid collected from 93 calving wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) in Kenya Maasailand. Cell-free strains of malignant catarrhal fever virus were very rapidly inactivated when exposed to the sun under field conditions, at least 3.0 log10 units/25 microliter being lost per hour at midday. It is suggested that wildebeest fetal membranes and fluids act as visual markers for areas of pasture which are particularly heavily contaminated with malignant catarrhal fever virus in oculonasal secretions of wildebeest calves. It is possible that starting to graze cattle one to two hours later each morning may be a useful measure for helping to protect cattle from malignant catarrhal fever in areas where they are forced to share pastures with calving wildebeest. PMID- 6623873 TI - Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in pigs: a new host-parasite relationship in the United Kingdom. AB - The first isolations of Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo from pigs are recorded. Evidence that hardjo may be a sporadic cause of porcine reproductive disease is presented. PMID- 6623874 TI - Sodium monochloroacetate poisoning of cattle and sheep. AB - Two separate incidents of poisoning, one involving the death of 10 cattle and the other four sheep following the use of sodium monochloroacetate, were investigated. The cattle drank from a farmyard drain overflow which undissolved herbicide entered. Sheep had access to spilt herbicide by a standpipe. Sodium monochloroacetate appears to be equally toxic to both sheep and cattle. The need to follow the manufacturers' instructions is emphasised. PMID- 6623875 TI - Recrudescence of rinderpest in Nigeria. PMID- 6623876 TI - Antimony concentrations in equine serum. PMID- 6623877 TI - Serotyping of haemophilus pleuropneumonia isolates using ring precipitate tests. PMID- 6623879 TI - Caprine arthritis-encephalitis. PMID- 6623878 TI - Blood composition and liver fat in dairy cows. PMID- 6623880 TI - Pasteurella multocida identification. PMID- 6623881 TI - Job prospects good for veterinary graduates: results of employment survey. PMID- 6623882 TI - Isolation of Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo from a viable premature calf. AB - A severe outbreak of agalactia in a dairy herd of 80 cows was followed by six premature calvings and an abortion. Serological and bacteriological studies identified Leptospira hardjo as the probable cause. A leptospire isolated from the kidney of a premature calf killed seven weeks post partum was identified as hardjo and it is probable that this infection was acquired in utero. The maintenance of such an infection for a considerable period after birth has not been previously described and may play a role in the transmission of hardjo to susceptible in-contact animals. PMID- 6623883 TI - Membranous nephropathy in sibling cats. AB - Membranous nephropathy was diagnosed in two sibling cats from the same household. Both cases presented with the nephrotic syndrome but 33 months elapsed before the second cat became ill, by which time the first cat had been in full clinical remission for over a year. PMID- 6623884 TI - Clinical efficacy of a revised dosage schedule of phenylbutazone in horses. PMID- 6623885 TI - Laboratory diagnosis of Clostridium spiroforme-mediated diarrhoea (iota enterotoxaemia) of rabbits. PMID- 6623886 TI - Rabies. PMID- 6623887 TI - Suspected male fern poisoning in cattle. PMID- 6623888 TI - An evaluation of the dorset sheep as a predictive animal model for the response of G-6-PD deficient human erythrocytes to a proposed systemic toxic ozone intermediate, methyl oleate hydroperoxide. AB - Erythrocytes of both G-6-PD deficient humans and Dorset sheep, an animal model with an erythrocyte G-6-PD deficiency, both responded in a dose dependent manner to the oxidant stress of MOHP as measured by decreases in G-6-PD activity, increases in METHB levels and decreases in GSH. However, the human G-6-PD deficient erythrocytes were considerably more sensitive to the formation of METHB than the sheep erythrocytes while the reverse was the case for the GSH parameter. The results suggest a qualitative difference in the response of sheep erythrocytes and human G-6-PD deficient erythrocytes to MOHP that seriously questions the value of the sheep erythrocyte as a quantitatively accurate predictive model. PMID- 6623889 TI - A neuroparalytic syndrome associated with an oral flea repellant containing diethanolamine. PMID- 6623890 TI - Toxicosis in cattle from contaminated well water. PMID- 6623891 TI - The French Poison Control Center's computer system. Part II: Utilization of the French Poison Control Center data bank in the Marseilles Poison Control Center. AB - The system used in the Marseilles Poison Control Center is discussed. Input of data on a daily basis and uses of these data for emergency (evaluation of a toxic situation) or for non-emergency (statistics, toxicity files) work is reviewed. PMID- 6623892 TI - [X-ray semeiotics of skull lesions in hyperparathyroid osteodystrophy]. PMID- 6623894 TI - [Anatomical variants of the structure of the bones of the skull accompanied by bone defects]. PMID- 6623893 TI - [Differential diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia of the skull and meningioma]. PMID- 6623895 TI - [Unique form of osteopathy in neurodystrophic lesions]. PMID- 6623896 TI - [X-ray indices of injury to the cervical spinal cord in the acute period of trauma]. PMID- 6623897 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of an aneurysmal bone cyst in children and adolescents and the outcome of its surgical treatment]. PMID- 6623898 TI - [Contrast arthrography in the diagnosis of a closed soft-tissue injury to the elbow joint]. PMID- 6623899 TI - [Quantitative assessment of the form of x-ray images of the joint surfaces]. PMID- 6623900 TI - [X-ray study method in cysts of the maxillary sinus]. PMID- 6623901 TI - [Method for 1-stage tomography of the foramina jugulares]. PMID- 6623902 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of organic stenosis of the outlet of the stomach]. PMID- 6623904 TI - [Axial roentgenography of the dorsal portions of the ribs in scoliotic disease with costal humpback]. PMID- 6623903 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of chronic nonulcerative colitis]. PMID- 6623905 TI - [Ascariasis of the bile duct]. PMID- 6623906 TI - [Case of total anomalous drainage of the pulmonary veins]. PMID- 6623907 TI - [Case of a benign thymoma in a nursing infant]. PMID- 6623909 TI - [Axial roentgenography of the patella with the patient standing]. PMID- 6623908 TI - [Case of primary bone manifestation of lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 6623910 TI - [Method of preparing a reproduction from x-rays]. PMID- 6623911 TI - [Pharmacological, toxicological, microbiological and pathohistological studies of gentamycin complex II]. AB - The acute toxicity was determined of the gentamycin complex II (GMC-II) for albino mice, containing gentamycin components in a varying ratio. The LD50 at intraperitoneal application was 347.7 mg/kg body mass, while at oral application it was 5,180 mg (4933 divided by 5439) mg/kg body mass. Histopathologically, (mice killed with high doses of GMC-II, given orally) there were diffuse hyperemia of the liver, parenchymal degeneration of the kidney tubuli epithelium, and edema and emphysema of the lungs. The local tolerance with regard to a 5 per cent solution of GMC-II applied to the conjunctiva of rabbits at twofold treatment proved to be good. Determined were the minimal inhibiting concentrations of 14 species of pathogenic organisms of great interest to veterinary medicine (Bacillus anthracis, Erysipelothrix insidiosa, Salmonella gallinarum, Escherichia coli, etc.). The antibacterial spectrum of GMC-II was similar to that of gentamycin sulphate, however, for some pathogenic organisms higher concentrations were required to produce and antimicrobial effect. Similarly to gentamycin sulphate GMC-II had limited absorbtion in the alimentary canal of clinically normal newborn pigs and of birds. At a high rate (0.05 g/kg body mass) GMC-II applied via the crop to birds it was found to maintain the lowest therapeutic concentration in the serum. At the rate of 0.012 (equal to 12000 IU) per kg of body mass for 24 hours GMC-II produced therapeutic effects in newborn pigs affected with colibacteriosis. PMID- 6623912 TI - [Action of estradiol and progesterone on alkaline and acid phosphatase activity in the sheep uterus]. AB - The effect was studied of 20 and 60 micrograms/kg body mass of estradiol and of the combination of 60 micrograms/kg estradiol and 1 mg/kg progesterone on the character and changes in the activity of alkaline and acid phosphatase in the endo- and myometrium of the uterus and the peripheral blood in sheep. The hormones were applied singly, i/m to 18 entire and castrated year-old female sheep. The enzyme in entire females treated with 60 micrograms/kg estradiol lowered its activity, while the enzyme in those treated with the combination raised it. The treatment of castrated females with estradiol at the rate of 60 micrograms/kg raised the activity of both alkaline and acid phosphatase in the endometrium. The activity of these enzymes in the myometrium of intact animals at estradiol and combined treatment dropped. It did not show a dependable rise in the myomentrium of castrated females when treated with both estradiol and estradiol and progesterone. Following treatment with 20 and 60 micrograms/kg body mass of estradiol with castrated, and with 60 micrograms/kg of estradiol with intacts the activity of both enzymes in the blood serum rose. PMID- 6623913 TI - [Effect of different-sized rations on the physiology of the digestive and metabolic processes in sheep]. AB - Tested was the effect of differently sized rations with sheep supplied with fistulae. The change in the size of the ration was said to bring about a change in the physiology of the digestive and metabolic processes as well as of the lung ventilation. The almost twice lowered size of the normal ration did not improve digestion and conversion when the ration had an improper structure. At an appropriate structure, though with a greater size the ration did not lower the level of the digestive and metabolic process, while the coefficients of digestibility substantially rose. It is believed, however, that the distribility coefficients alone cannot reflect thoroughly the physiology of digestion. PMID- 6623914 TI - [Development of the production of veterinary medicine preparations and nutrient agents in capitalist and socialist countries]. PMID- 6623915 TI - [Changes in the serum alkaline phosphatase of sheep and cattle with acute acidosis of the forestomach]. AB - Experimental acidosis of the forestomach was induced in 6 lambs and 29 ewes and rams, using starch (5-10 g/kg body mass), lactic acid (0.4-0.5 per cent of the live weight) or concentrates (50-60 g/kg body mass). Acidosis occurred spontaneously in 10 calves and 14 cows following the intake of great amounts of molasses. The changes were followed up in the total activity and properties of the alkaline phosphatase in the blood serum of the diseased animals. It was found that the total activity of the enzyme in the blood serum of the test animals dropped at the 24th hour after the beginning of the experiment, reached its lowest point at the 48th-72nd hour (50 to 70 per cent drop as compared to the initial level), and was still under the initial level with part of the test animals at the 96th hour. The decrease in the total activity of the enzyme in the blood serum was found to be linked with changes in its properties - the resistance to 1-phenylalanine rose, and the resistance to 1-arginine, 1 homoarginine, and heat treatment at 56 degrees C for 10 minutes dropped. The activity of the serum alkaline phosphatase with the spontaneously affected calves and cows was dependably lower than the activity of the enzyme un normal calves and cows. It is believed that the drop of the total activity of the blood serum alkaline phosphatase is chiefly governed by the lowered release in the blood of intestinal alkaline phosphatase as the result of its disturbed synthesis and intestinal absorption. PMID- 6623916 TI - [Sperm foreward movement in the female genital tract of sheep]. AB - Investigations were carried out to establish the effect of deep freezing, extent of dilution, and site of applying the spermatozoa as well as the functional state of the female genital apparatus of sheep on the forward movement of spermatozoa. It was found that at the insemination of ewes with freshly obtained undiluted semen at the 30th min following insemination there were single live spermatozoa, in the oviducts their number gradually increased up to the fourth hour, reaching several thousand. The highly diluted semen was found to produce an unfavourable effect on the movement of spermatozoa. Following deep freezing spermatozoa manifested a sharp decrease in their movement capacity. Deep cervical application led to an increased number of spermatozoa reaching the oviducts, however, this number was essentially lower than with freshly obtained semen. The movement of spermatozoa depended also on the functional status of the female sexual apparatus. There were considerably more spermatozoa in that of the oviducts on the side of which ovulation took place. PMID- 6623917 TI - [Economic and organizational prerequisites for the successful development of the breeding and specific use of young brood cows on state farms in the People's Republic of Bulgaria]. PMID- 6623918 TI - [Hyperglycemic and therapeutic action of nontranquilizing doses of xylazine in healthy sheep and cows and in cows with subclinical ketosis]. AB - Experiments with 19 sheep and 26 cows revealed that subcutaneous and muscular injection of xylasine (Rompun - Bayer at 0.04 to 0.08 mg/kg body mass) led to a dependable increase in the level of blood sugar by 50-220 per cent for a period of 1 to 3 hrs. At the 6th to the 24th hour the amount of blood sugar came back to normal. In cows with subclinical ketosis (ketonuria ++ to +++ after Lastradet's test) and hypoglycaemia (blood sugar 29.7 +/- 4.6 mg%) the injection of xylasine (0.05-0.08 mg/kg body mass) increased the level of blood sugar by 169 to 185 per cent, which remained at a comparatively high level up to the 24th hour. Ketonuria dropped, however, full dusapperance of ketone bodies in the urine was observed in 7 per cent of the treated animals only. It is believed that although there was a pronounced hyperglycaemic effect of the preparation it cannot be applied alone for the treatment of ketosis-affected cows. It is important as an additional means, particularly with animals affected with the nervous form of the disease. PMID- 6623919 TI - [Toxicity, tolerance and blood concentrations of iron and tylosin with the use of preparation FV-82]. AB - A pharmacologic evaluation was made of a technologic model of a liquid drug form (code name phi B-82), having the following composition: tylosine tartrate 3500000 UI, cyanocobalamine 0.008 g, pyridoxin hydrochloride 0.500 g, tartaric acid 0.100 g, and feridextran (dextrofer-100) up to 100 cm3; pH from 5.5 to 6.5, and Fe3+ 100 mg/cm3. It was found that phi B-82 at i/m application to rabbits, subcutaneous injection to albino mice, and intra-abdominal introduction to albino rats and mice at rates that were equal to ED100 and 3 to 5 times higher than those used with pigs did not lead to local and total lack of tolerance. The acute toxicity (LD50) of phi B-82 at intra-abdominal application to 18-20 g albino mice was 29.2 cm3/kg. The single muscular application to guinea pigs at 2 cm3 per kg of body mass showed good absorption of the preparation - it did not differ essentially from those of dextrofer-100 and aquaous solution of tylosine tartrate used in equivalent amounts. The bacteriostatic concentrations of tylosine were maintained for 24 hours. It was shown that the optimal effect would be produced by a combined preparation having the qualities of the feridextrane complexes with a rapid absorption and those of the erythropoietic vitamins of the B12 group and B6 along with the participation of tylosine as an antibiotic. PMID- 6623920 TI - [LDH activity and isoenzyme spectrum in the leukocytes of cows with catarrhal mastitis and chronic endometritis]. AB - The activity of lactatedehydrogenase (LDH) in the leukocytes of cows affected with mastitis and endometritis was found to drop strongly to the detriment of the aerobic fractions of LDH1 and LDH2. The processes of anaerobic glycolysis in such animals ran more intensely their course. The antibiotic therapy raised the functional activity of the white blood cells. PMID- 6623921 TI - [Leukocyte enzyme activity in the gamma-ray irradiation of lambs]. AB - Investigated was the activity of lactatedehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) of leukocytes obtained by means of urographic gradient in the clinical course of acute radiation sickness of small ruminants. The lambs were irradiated with 3.2 Gy (320 rad). It was found that the activity of AP and LDH rose in the first 20 hours following treatment, the processes of aerobic glycolysis becoming more intense in the leukocytes. The study on the activity of AP and LDH in the leukocytes could be used as an adjunct along with the use of the hematologic indices in the determination of the severity of the disease. PMID- 6623922 TI - [Cerebrocortical necrosis in calves, sheep and goats]. AB - Cerebrocortical necrosis was induced through the oral application of amprolium to calves (0.250 g/kg to 1.00 g/kg) and weaned lambs and goats (1.25 g/kg) in the course of 25 to 35 days. In order to shed light on the etiology of the disease an experiment was carried out with a ration rich in carbohydrates for calves and sheep. Clinically, the disease was manifested with nervous symptoms. Biochemically, a drop of the amount of B1 in the blood serum, liver, and brain was established, along with a rise of pyruvic acid in the blood serum. Morphologically, most characteristic were the laminar necroses, the domination colliquative processes that led to deformation, and the atrophy of the folds of the brain cortex. Analogous changes were found also in the investigation of the spontaneously affected calves and lambs originating from different farms. PMID- 6623923 TI - [Anatomical studies of the venous vessels in the area of the sinus venosus and v. cava caudalis of the liver in newborn calves]. AB - Observations, preparations, measurements, and sketches were used to study the site and size of the venous plexus and the venous canal and the number of the liver veins in eleven newborn calves of the Bulgarian Brown breed and crossbreds of the Black-and-white cattle. It was found that there was a well developed venous plexus on the visceral surface of the liver, into which ran the umbilical vein and vena portae. A total of 93 and 162 venous vessels came out of the plexus in the Bulgarian Brown calves, and 96 and 181 - in the crossbreds. The venous vessels, according to their dia, were classified as large, medium, and small ones. The liver veins of the Brown calves varied from 43 to 61, and those of the crossbreds - from 43 to 82. They could also be subdivided into the same size groups. The venous canal with the newborn calves was not obliterated. It is assumed that the greater number of veins which come out of the venous sinus and the liver veins in the newborn crossbreds of the Black-and-white cattle are associated with the functional state of the liver and the genetic substantiation of this high-producing breed. PMID- 6623924 TI - [Bovicystan treatment of subclinical ketosis in cows]. AB - Experiments with normal animals (10 sheep and 15 cows) revealed that the intravenous injection of bovicystan led to a considerable and dependable rise of the blood sugar for 2 to 36 hours the peak being at the 6th hour. The treatment of 95 freshly calved cows on 8 farms with signs of subclinical ketosis (ketonemia 22.4 +/- 1.9 mg%, ketonuria up to dilution of 1:2-1:16 and hypoglycemia 26.7 +/- 2.6 mg%) resulted in a 92.6 per cent total curative effect, consisting in the full inhibition of ketonuria, drop of the ketone bodies in the blood up to 16.5 +/- 1.2 mg%, on an average, and rise of the blood sugar up to 47.7 +/- 1.2 mg%, on an average. In 27.4 per cent of the treated cows ketonuria disappeared after the first injection, in 50.5 per cent - after the second one, and in 14.7 per cent only did ketonuria faded after the third injection of the preparation within a period of 24 hours. At the 48th hour following the last introduction of bovicystan there was an increase in the blood serum level of carotene and lactose, and a decrease in the level of inorganic phosphorus. One to three weeks after treatment with bovicystan in some 27.6 to 33.0 per cent of the cows on 2 of the farms signs of subclinical ketosis reappeared. PMID- 6623925 TI - [Microbiological studies of Eskimo ice cream]. AB - Studied were a total of 86 batches of Eskimo ice-cream and 101 batches of 'cream' ice-cream. It was found that 83.6 per cent of the Eskimo batches were of 0.1 coliform titers and higher, and 16.3 per cent - of 0.01 coliform titers. The total microbial contamination of 86 per cent of the batches reached 50000 g, while that of 13.9 per cent reached 50000 to 180000/g. The colititer with 98 per cent of the batches of 'cream' ice-cream was 0.1 and more 0.1, and with 1.98 per cent only was it 0.01, while the microbial count with 96 per cent of these batches was up to 50000/g, and with 3.9 per cent it was from 50000 to 118000/g. Studied was the quality of the products used to obtain the Eskimo icing. The total microbial content of the surface layer varied from 200 to 46000/g, dropping up to 100-2100/g at storage. The fresh cow sweet cream butter had a colititer above 0.1 and did not contain yeasts and moulds per 0.01/gram of produce. During production, transportation, and storing of the produced frosting the microbial count rose 7 times, on an average, and the colititer dropped from 0.1 up to 0.001. The icing (frosting) used contributed to the rise of the microbial amount from 1.5 to 3.5 times and to the drop of the colititer of the final Eskimo product. PMID- 6623926 TI - [Effect of dextrofer 100 and dextrofer 100 with B12 on the growth and fertility of mink]. AB - The effect was followed up of dextrofer-100 and dextrofer-100 with B12 on the growth and fertility of minks. It was found that the i/m injection of dextrofer 100 at the rate of 0.5 cm3 per head (50 mg Fe3+), twice, at the interval of 45 days to a total of 45-day-old minks did not effect essentially their growth. The i/m application of dextrofer-100 with vitamin B12 at 0.5 cm3 per animal (50 mg Fe3+ and 40 mcg B12), singly in the beginning of the mating period to young female minks (at the age of 11 months) resulted in raising the number of offsprings from 3.4 to 4.68 (with impregnated females), and from 4.05 to 5.13 (with those that gave birth), and in lowering the number of those of the males that did not give birth as well as of those that gave birth but ate their offsprings. The weight of the obtained offsprings of the test and control males did not differ essentially between the age of 40 days and the age of 24 weeks. PMID- 6623927 TI - [Selenium content in the internal organs, musculature and blood of broiler chickens]. AB - Experiments were carried out to establish the presence of selenium in broiler birds at different age, that had been given prophylactically selenium preparations. At the single application of such preparations selenium was found to drop in the liver, kidneys, brain, and blood, and to rise in the breast and femoral muscles. By the end of the fattening period highest was the level of selenium in the organs and tissues with the intake of sodium selenite in the drinking water; it was lowest at the injection of sodium selenite in effective amounts. PMID- 6623928 TI - Defective viral RNAs in Aedes albopictus C6/36 cells persistently infected with Semliki Forest virus. AB - A persistent infection of Semliki Forest virus (SFV) has been established in Aedes albopictus C6/36 cells. Only a small number of cells survived the initial infection with this RNA virus and gave rise to a persistently infected culture which produced continuously small amounts of infectious virus. To investigate whether defective viral RNA was analyzed early and late after infection by blot hybridizations. Several defective viral RNAs were detected with a common sequence corresponding to the 3' end of the viral genome during and after the establishment of the persistent infection. These defective viral RNAs resemble the defective interfering RNAs in vertebrate cells generated during serial undiluted passages of standard SFV. The defective viral RNAs are rarely released from cells as virions. The rapid generation of defective viral RNAs may be important for the establishment of a persistent infection in mosquito cells. PMID- 6623929 TI - The autonomous parvovirus MVM encodes two nonstructural proteins in addition to its capsid polypeptides. AB - In vitro translation of mRNA from cells infected with the autonomous parvovirus MVM yields four major virally coded proteins. Two of these proteins are indistinguishable both antigenically and by peptide map analysis from the viral capsid polypeptides VP-1 and VP-2. The other two proteins, designated NS-1 and NS 2, are not related to the capsid polypeptides but are recognized by sera from animals infected with different autonomous parvovirus serotypes. The NS-1 protein made in vitro comigrates with VP-1 (MW approximately 83,000), while the NS-2 polypeptide has an apparent molecular weight of 24,000. The transcript for the NS 1 polypeptide was mapped to a block of open reading frame located in the major intron of the left-hand transcription unit in the MVM genome. PMID- 6623930 TI - Structure and reversion of an adenovirus type 2 mutant containing a duplication of the left end of the genome at the right end. AB - A mutant (dp 201) of human adenovirus type 2 has been isolated that has the left 3% (1110 bp) of the genome duplicated at the right terminus. The structure of the mutant genome was studied by restriction endonuclease analysis and by direct DNA sequence analysis. The duplication has resulted in a deletion of 10 bp of the right inverted terminal repeat (ITR) at the junction of right and left end sequences. This internal ITR is not active in initiation or termination of DNA synthesis. Two subclones of dp 201 that bear a deletion between map positions 2.1 and 6.8 encompassing early gene blocks E1a and E1b were also isolated. One of these isolates (dl 201.1) retains the left end duplication and the other isolate (dl 201.2) lacks the left end duplication and is an apparent revertant of dl 201.1. The original mutant dp 201 also reverts to a wild type sequence at a low rate. Since 10 base pairs of the right ITR are deleted in the mutant, reversion must involve a repair mechanism using one of the two complete left end ITRs in the mutant genome. The mechanisms by which this reversion may occur are discussed. PMID- 6623931 TI - Genetic relatedness of hemagglutinins of the H1 subtype of influenza A viruses isolated from swine and birds. AB - The hemagglutinin (HA) gene of the influenza virus subtype H1N1 isolated from pigs and birds has been analyzed by the hybridization technique. According to the RNase protection data the HA genes of recent isolates from pigs in Northern Europe are genetically more closely related to those of isolates from birds in Europe and North America than to those of isolates from pigs in the United States, Taiwan, and Italy. Thus, two different H1N1 subtypes are circulating in the pig population. The results are consistent with the view that H1N1 viruses can be transmitted from birds to pigs and/or vice versa. PMID- 6623932 TI - The adenovirus type 5 capsid protein IIIa is phosphorylated during an early stage of infection of HeLa cells. AB - [32P]Orthophosphate-preincubated and thus 32P-labeled ATP-containing HeLa cells were infected with adenovirus type 5 particles. Following a 30 min infection period, viral particles were recovered and purified from infected cells by means of sucrose gradient and CsCl equilibrium centrifugation. Analysis of such recovered adenovirus particles by gel electrophoresis revealed that the capsid protein IIIa was phosphorylated. Further, a close resemblance was found in the tryptic peptide map of this in vivo phosphorylated IIIa and that of in vitro phosphorylated IIIa obtained from dialyzed virions. These results and other observations suggest that the previously known in vitro phosphorylation of IIIa with experimentally produced penton-free adenovirus particles likely mimics a phenomenon which takes place at an early stage of infection. PMID- 6623933 TI - Temporal determinants of spatial sine-wave masking. AB - A temporal forced-choice procedure was used to measure the contrast threshold for a sinusoidal test grating (spatial frequency - f) superimposed upon a sinusoidal background or masking grating (spatial frequency = 3f). The spatial contrast of the background grating was varied, and threshold measurements were made at each of a number of background contrasts to describe a threshold versus masking contrast (tvc) function. Tvc functions were obtained when the background and test grating contrasts were, independently of each other, held steady (0 Hz) or modulated at 5 Hz. The changes of temporal modulation frequency affected the slopes of the tvc functions. In some cases the tve functions for steady and flickering test gratings crossed one another. The changes of slope suggest, and the crossovers imply, that some steady and flickering patterns are detected by separate visual mechanisms. PMID- 6623934 TI - Temporal order detection for foveal and peripheral visual stimuli. AB - A measure of the temporal resolution of the visual system is the detection of temporal order of the onset of adjacent visual stimuli. The threshold is a few milliseconds and its variation with stimulus separation suggests the existence of a limited processing zone. Measurements were obtained of this distance function in the fovea and retinal periphery of two observers. Temporal order detection threshold does not vary greatly with retinal position out to 20 deg eccentricity, nor does the distance function change much in width, except near the fovea. An independent estimate of the zone for this kind of processing was obtained by testing the range within which signals from oppositely-directed stimulus pairs cancel. Thresholds for dichoptic stimuli are much higher than for monocular or binocular ones. PMID- 6623935 TI - Integrating visual information from successive fixations: does trans-saccadic fusion exist? AB - It has recently been suggested that there exists a level i the nervous system where a kind of photographic representation of our visual environment is constructed from "snapshots" taken by successive eye fixations. An experiment is presented that argues against this view, and an alternative explanation is put forward to explain why we see the environment as being stable and continuous despite eye movements. PMID- 6623936 TI - An action spectrum for the production of transient tritanopia. AB - The site of yellow/blue chromatic-opponency has been thought to include synergistic input from either or both of the longwave-sensitive cone types to the "yellow" side. It has remained controversial whether one of these cone types provides all the "yellow" input or if both contribute to some extent. By measuring the action spectrum of adapting fields that produce transient tritanopia at their offset it appears that both the red- and green-sensitive cone types contribute in approximately the same ratio that they contribute to luminance. There also appears to be a contribution from an antagonistic red/green mechanism in producing transient tritanopia. These seem consistent with current physiological and psychophysical evidence. PMID- 6623937 TI - The statistical reliability of signals in single neurons in cat and monkey visual cortex. AB - The variability of the discharge of visual cortical neurons in cats and macaque monkeys limits the reliability with which such neurons can relay signals about weak visual stimuli. In general, the variance of a neuron's firing rate is directly proportional to its mean firing rate. The probability that a neuron will fire a criterion number of impulses on a stimulus trial grows monotonically with the contrast of a sinusoidal grating stimulus. Neural probability functions prepared either by computing the probability of criterion response or by integrating receiver operating characteristics to yield the probability of correct choice in a two-alternative forced-choice situation resemble psychometric functions obtained in psychophysical and behavioral experiments on humans and animals, but are shallower in slope. The slopes of neuronal probability functions are slightly higher when they are estimated over short time periods, but even so do not equal the slopes measured psychophysically in human and monkey observers. This discrepancy in slope could be explained if the whole observer responded only when about four neurons were active together. PMID- 6623938 TI - Test and field spectral sensitivities of colour mechanisms obtained on small white backgrounds: action of unitary opponent-colour processes? AB - It has been shown that for human foveal vision the test spectral sensitivity curve obtained in the presence of a large white background exhibits peaks at about 440, 530 and 610 nm and a small dip or notch at about 580 nm. Additionally, field spectral sensitivity curves for the medium- and long-wavelength sensitive colour mechanisms when derived in the presence of a small monochromatic background (auxiliary field) spatially coincident with the test field are sharper than the corresponding Stiles's II mechanisms and peak at about 530 and 605 nm. The short-wavelength sensitive colour mechanism shows no such effect, the peak remaining at about 440 nm. The test spectral sensitivity curve obtained on a large white background and the sharpened field spectral sensitivity curves obtained on a spatially coincident, monochromatic auxiliary field have each been interpreted in terms of an opponent-process theory of colour vision: the response of the non-opponent luminance system is considered to be reduced by selective achromatic adaptation (with the large white background) or by selective contour masking (with the spatially coincident auxiliary field). The present study combined the two techniques of achromatic and spatial adaptation: a small white auxiliary field spatially coincident with the test field was used in measurements of both test and field spectral sensitivities. Under these conditions, it was found that the test spectral sensitivity curve showed more clearly defined peaks and a deeper notch at about 580 nm than when obtained on the large white background and that the test curve was well fitted by the upper envelope of the short-wavelength and sharpened medium- and long-wavelength field spectral sensitivity curves, suggesting the possibility that three unitary opponent-colour mechanisms may underlie test and field spectral sensitivities. A test of this hypothesis is proposed concerning the effect of auxiliary-field chromaticity on the position of the notch at about 580 nm in the test spectral sensitivity curve. PMID- 6623939 TI - Detectability of velocity gradients in moving random-dot patterns. PMID- 6623940 TI - Sine-wave gratings: scale invariance and spatial integration at suprathreshold contrast. AB - Thresholds for the detection of contrast differences and spatial frequency differences present in a sine-wave grating with suprathreshold contrast were measured as a function of the size of the grating and the number of cycles in the grating. For gratings with the same number of cycles, these thresholds are found to be independent of the size of the grating over the entire range of sizes tested (1.5 log unit): the thresholds do not change when the stimulus is enlarged by some scale factor. We call this phenomenon "scale invariance". The thresholds decrease with increasing number of grating cycles, at least up to the point where 16 cycles are present. This support the view that "spatial pooling" or "spatial integration" mechanisms act over a larger area than the "functional summation area" found in threshold contrast measurements (about 10 cycles high and wide). PMID- 6623941 TI - The precision of numerosity discrimination in arrays of random dots. AB - The precision of making discriminations between the numbers of dots in a pair of irregular arrays was measured. The results fit the assumption that the observer adds intrinsic variance to whatever variance is present in the numbers displayed, the errors depending upon the sum of the two. We found no evidence for incomplete use of the sample of information presented, other than this observer variance. Its value increases as about the 0.75 power of the mean number of dots in a display, except for numbers up to about 20 where it changes much more rapidly. Decreased irregularity in the arrangement of the dots decreases observer variance, but it is little affected by large variations in average density of dots per unit area, and is also little changed by making the dots vary irregularly in brightness. PMID- 6623942 TI - Contrast detection and its dependence on the presence of edges and lines in the stimulus field. AB - The influence of sharp luminance discontinuities (dark lines and edges) in the stimulus field on the contrast sensitivity has been measured using sinusoidal gratings. Merely by changing the position of edges or lines in the stimulus field, it is possible to alter the contrast sensitivity by a factor of 3 or more. The distance from which such a discontinuity can affect the contrast sensitivity depends on the spatial frequency of the grating itself, and can be up to several degrees for gratings of low spatial frequency. No difference could be found between the effect of edges and the effect of very thin (5 min of arc) dark lines on the contrast sensitivity. The apparently conflicting experimental results in the literature concerning the relationship between the number of periods in a grafting and the contrast sensitivity, and especially concerning the influence that the surround of the grating has on this relationship, can be ascribed to the effect of these luminance discontinuities. In all cases where the number of periods was reported to have a large effect on the contrast sensitivity (up to a factor 10), the position of edges or lines in the stimulus field was also varied when the number of periods was changed. The change in the contrast sensitivity is no more than a factor 2 to 3 when there are no lines or edges in the grating surround. PMID- 6623943 TI - Cortical mapping and perceptual invariance: a reply to Cavanagh. PMID- 6623945 TI - [Prevention of wound complications during the transportation of patients]. PMID- 6623946 TI - [Methodological approach in the development of professional requirements for military medical administrators]. PMID- 6623944 TI - Physician visits: volume and interval since last visit, United States, 1980. PMID- 6623947 TI - [Professional training and continuous education of the medical personnel of a military sanatorium]. PMID- 6623948 TI - [Current problems of modern traumatology]. PMID- 6623949 TI - [Classification and diagnosis of combined blunt cranio-cerebral and burn trauma]. PMID- 6623950 TI - [Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of symptomatic gastroduodenal ulcers]. PMID- 6623951 TI - [A method of early detection of patients with viral hepatitis A in epidemic regions]. PMID- 6623953 TI - [Methods of testing the training of motor vehicle drivers]. PMID- 6623952 TI - [Permissible levels of ionizing radiation in the workplace]. PMID- 6623954 TI - [Use of rheography in evaluation of the state of peripheral circulation during exposure to noise and vibration]. PMID- 6623955 TI - [Physical exercise in prevention of flight fatigue]. PMID- 6623956 TI - [Effect of microclimate on the night sleep and physical endurance of sailors during sea voyages in low latitudes]. PMID- 6623957 TI - [Morpho-functional characteristics of lymphocytes in pilots]. PMID- 6623958 TI - [Surgical treatment of patients with purulent epithelial fistulas and cysts of the sacrococcygeal region]. PMID- 6623959 TI - [Xeroradiography unit of an x-ray department of a polyclinic]. PMID- 6623960 TI - [First aid to burn victims and their transportation from the regions of mass casualties]. PMID- 6623961 TI - [Local applications of corticosteroids in dermatology]. PMID- 6623962 TI - [Primary multiple colonic tumors]. PMID- 6623963 TI - [A case of spontaneous rupture of thrombophlebitic spleen]. PMID- 6623964 TI - [Blunt injury of the pancreas]. PMID- 6623965 TI - [Iliac resection of the internal spermatic cord vein for varicocele]. PMID- 6623966 TI - [A case of successful emergency surgical treatment of disk radiculitis]. PMID- 6623967 TI - [Evaluation of the atraumatic properties of bandages and the inflammatory reaction of wound surface by a smears method]. PMID- 6623968 TI - [Central Medical Library of the USSR]. PMID- 6623969 TI - [Use of physical factors in the rehabilitative treatment of myocardial infarct patients in the convalescence phase]. PMID- 6623970 TI - [Results of the physical rehabilitation of myocardial infarct patients in the convalescence phase]. PMID- 6623971 TI - [Significance of left ventricular failure in increasing the physical activity of myocardial infarct patients]. PMID- 6623972 TI - [New methodological approaches in using measured walking and running in the rehabilitation of myocardial infarct patients]. PMID- 6623973 TI - [Changes in microcirculatory disorders in the bulbar conjunctiva of ischemic heart disease patients undergoing combined treatment using medical gymnastics]. PMID- 6623974 TI - [Effect of various intensities of physical loading on myocardial contractile capacity in obese patients]. PMID- 6623975 TI - [Modified method of peloid therapy with rheumatoid arthritis patients]. PMID- 6623977 TI - [Vibration massage of pain points on the skin in treating chronic adnexal inflammation]. PMID- 6623976 TI - [Use of radon waters in treating endometriosis patients]. PMID- 6623978 TI - [Anticoagulant properties of the electrophoresis of pyrazolone preparations in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6623979 TI - [Early sanatorium rehabilitation including local carbonate baths of patients who have had myocardial infarct with an uncomplicated disease course]. PMID- 6623980 TI - [Dynamics of blood coagulation indices during a sauna in healthy persons and in arterial hypertension patients]. PMID- 6623981 TI - [Cardiorespiratory system function in rheumatism patients with expanded motor activity]. PMID- 6623982 TI - [Cerebral hemodynamics as affected by an alternating magnetic field in patients with vascular failure of the vertebrobasilar system]. PMID- 6623984 TI - [Pulsotemp PT-01 device]. PMID- 6623983 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies of UV irradiation-treated soft water]. PMID- 6623985 TI - [Terminology problems in using physical factors for treating and rehabilitating patients and for disease prevention]. PMID- 6623986 TI - [Lipid peroxidation in subcellular organelles of the liver in thermal burns]. AB - Variations in lipid peroxidation were observed in individual membrane structures of liver cells after burns of the IIIb degree involving 15-20% of rat body surface and studied within 1 hr, 1 day and 7 days after the thermal injury. First of all and mainly the systems of lipid peroxidation were stimulated in microsomes and mitochondria. The lysosomal lipids were involved only slightly in the total peroxidation process. PMID- 6623987 TI - [Effect of reflexotherapy on the functional state of the sympathoadrenal system in patients with bronchial asthma]. AB - Activity of sympathoadrenal system in patients with infectious-allergic bronchial asthma treated with reflexotherapy by monitoring alterations in spontaneous and L DOPA stimulated daily excretion of adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine and L-DOPA with urine. Before and after the reflexotherapy course spontaneous excretion of catecholamines and L-DOPA with urine was found to be similar to the physiologically normal level. The test with per oral administration of 250 mg of L-DOPA showed that before the reflexotherapy the course of consumption of L-DOPA was impaired and, hence, the functional state of sympathoadrenal system was altered. The reflexotherapy improved the L-DOPA consumption suggesting normalization of catecholamine metabolism. The data obtained suggest that normalization of sympathoadrenal system activity is one of important effects of the acupuncture therapy. PMID- 6623988 TI - [Purification of commercial preparations of NADP from AMP]. AB - A method in described for elimination of AMP from commercially available preparations of NADP. The method enables to obtain desalted NADP preparations of 98-99.5% purity with a yield of 70-80% using only one chromatographic step. The procedure included anion exchange chromatography on Dowex 1, HCOO- -form. This chromatographic step completely separated AMP from NADP in a gradient of HCOOH concentrations from 0 to 2 N, and NADP was eluted by 1.5 N HCOOH containing 0.15 N HCOOK; during subsequent precipitation and washing of NADP by means of acetone HCOOK remained in a solution. Addition of HCOOK was required for a decrease in NADP elution volume which was important for the subsequent precipitation with acetone. PMID- 6623989 TI - [Improved procedure for isolation and purification of methionine gamma-lyase from Pseudomonas putida]. AB - An improved, simplified and relatively rapid procedure is developed for isolation and purification of a new antitumor enzyme--methionine gamma-lyase from Pseudomonas putida. The method includes five steps instead of seven steps in previous procedure with a good yield of the enzyme. The purified enzyme was shown to be homogeneous by the criteria of disc gel electrophoresis. The highly homogeneous preparations of the enzyme exhibited the absorption maxima at 280 and 420 nm. The detailed studies on antileukemic activity of the methionine gamma lyase are currently in progress. PMID- 6623990 TI - [Effect of phosphatidyl serine on conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin]. AB - Phosphatidyl serine inhibited the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin, catalyzed by thrombin, following the pattern of coupling inhibition. The inhibition was caused by the property of phosphatidyl serine of forming an exhibiting low activity complex with thrombin as well as by interaction of the lipoid with monomeric fibrin; as a result of this process phosphatidyl serine inhibited both enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways of the fibrin formation. Administration of phosphatidyl serine into animal circulation led to a decrease in fibrinogen consumption, provoked by simultaneous injection of thrombin. Phosphatidyl serine appears to serve as a circulating anticoagulant. PMID- 6623991 TI - [The scientific and technical revolution in the field of amine biochemistry and its social aspects]. PMID- 6623992 TI - [Functional state of cytoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes in rats with acute kidney insufficiency]. AB - In acute rat kidney insufficiency, caused by bilateral nephrectomy or ureter ligation, functional activity of hepatocyte cytoplasmic structure was decreased. Estimation of the cytoplasmic structures functional state included studies of hexenal anesthesia duration, determination of cytochromes P-450 and b5 content in liver microsomal fraction as well as of activities of amidopyrine-N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase. The alterations of these parameters occurred apparently due to the effect of high concentrations of urea on liver tissue. PMID- 6623993 TI - [Lipids of rat myocardium in autolysis]. AB - Alterations in lipid composition were studied by means of micro-thin-layer chromatography technique in rat myocardium during postmortal autolysis. Lipids of rat heart were stable enough at early periods of the autolysis. At the same time, the most labile fraction included phospholipids, polyglycerophosphatides and lecithins. The more stable fraction contained free cholesterol and neutral lipids. The main pathways of lipid degradation within the first 24 hrs of autolysis operated via hydrolysis of phospholipids, neutral lipids as well as via reactions of transacetylation and biotransformation (methylation etc). PMID- 6623994 TI - [Age alterations of monoamine oxidase activity in structures of visual analyzer as affected by light stimulation]. AB - Light stimulation affected the monoamine oxidase activity in mitochondria of dog visual analyzer structures. The enzymatic activity was elevated as the mitochondrial fraction was increased in brain visual cortex (area 17) and in lateral geniculate body at the period from the 1 to the 21 day after birth. Light stimulation led to maximal increase in monoamine oxidase activity in the anterior colliculus of dog brain visual cortex (area 17) within 21 day after birth and in the lateral geniculate body--within the 45 day. PMID- 6623995 TI - [Neutral glycolipids of blood in normal state and in hypertension]. AB - Neutral glycolipids of blood constituted four main fractions both in healthy persons and in patients with hypertension. An increase in di- and trihexosylceramides in blood plasma and in monohexosylceramides from erythrocytes occurred simultaneously with elevation of total blood glycolipids in hypertension. PMID- 6623996 TI - [Fractional composition of membrane proteins of the placenta in feto-placental insufficiency after hyperbaric oxygenation]. AB - Electrophoretic properties of syntrophoblast membrane proteins, solubilized by detergents, were distinctly altered under conditions of feto-placental insufficiency of endocrine genesis. Treatment of women with feto-placental insufficiency by means of hyperbaric oxygenation prevented the impairment of membrane protein composition. PMID- 6623997 TI - [tRNA and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases from the liver of rabbits in experimental myocardial infarction]. AB - An acceptor activity of tRNA for glycine, glutamic acid, leucine, serine and phenylalanine was decreased in rabbit liver tissue within 6, 12 and 24 hrs after myocardial infarction; the activity was reduced within 72 hrs. Heating of tRNA under conditions of transition of biologically inactive conformations into active forms led to reduction of the acceptor activity. Contrary to tRNAs a pronounced activation of glycyl-, glutamyl-, leucyl- and phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetases was observed in liver extracts within 6, 12, 24 and 72 hrs after myocardial infarction. A correlation between the activation of these enzymes and alterations in their activity after association with high molecular complexes was found only for several aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases studied. The rate of tRNA aminoacylation specific for alanine, and alanyl-tRNA synthetase activity were unaltered within all the periods of myocardial infarction. PMID- 6623998 TI - [Characterization of clofibrate-stimulated alkaline phosphatase in rat liver]. AB - Hypolipidemic agent clofibrate induced the alkaline phosphatase activity in rat liver but did not affect this activity in kidney, brain, heart and intestine. In liver cells the clofibrate induced alkaline phosphatase was localized in plasma membrane and cytosol and was similar to the enzyme found in normal hepatocytes by its main properties (pH optimum, inactivation temperature, substrate specificity, Km, effect of inhibitors and inducers). The putative mechanism of the alkaline phosphatase induction in liver tissue by means of clofibrate is discussed. PMID- 6623999 TI - [Degradation of thiamine diphosphate in subcellular fractions of mouse liver in the dynamics of the development of alimentary B1-avitaminosis]. AB - Alterations in activity of specific and unspecific phosphatases, hydrolyzing thiamin diphosphate, were studied in microsomes, mitochondria and cytosol of mice liver cells in dynamics of alimentary B1-avitaminosis (4-21 days). Activity of the enzymes studied was increased as thiamin deficiency developed. Administration of thiamin into the avitaminous animals normalized the enzymatic activity, indicating the specific dependence of these alterations on the thiamin level in animal tissue. PMID- 6624001 TI - [Food Supply Program of the USSR and the structure of the population's nutrition]. PMID- 6624000 TI - [Effect of plant protein on pancreatic exocrine function in chronic kidney failure patients]. AB - Patients with chronic renal failure received the diet in which plant protein accounted for 80% of protein component. There was a definite decline in the serum of amylase and lipase activity. The activity of trypsin and its inhibitor remained the same whereas the control group manifested its elevation. In administering the diet for a long time one should consider the possibilities of the occurrence of the action of plant proteinase inhibitors. PMID- 6624002 TI - [Lipid metabolism and free-radical oxidation in children with glomerulonephitis incorporating plant fats into their diet]. AB - A study was made of the effect of vegetable fats on lipid metabolism and free radical oxidation, phospholipase activity and antioxidant content in 43 children suffering from chronic glomerulonephritis. After intake of a vegetative fat in a dose of 2 g/kg bw for 7 days the sick children demonstrated a significant rise in the level of total lipids in red cells and in their excretion with urine. This was in a good agreement with an increase in phospholipase activity in blood and diminution of lipid peroxides in red cell membranes. The reaction of antioxidant enzymes metabolizing hydrogen peroxide was different. Catalase activity in urine was elevated, whereas urine peroxidase activity was decreased. All these changes gave rise to a decrease in the pool of peroxide radicals which correlated with the time course of hydroperoxides. The biochemical data indicate that lipids contained by vegetative fats may be regarded as treatment-and-dietetic factor in multiple modality therapy of children with renal diseases. PMID- 6624003 TI - [Effect of dietary protein and vitamin B group deficiencies on the calcium binding protein content in the mucosa of the small intestine]. AB - The content of calcium-binding protein (CBP) and calcium-binding activity of small intestinal mucoproteins were examined in growing male rats kept on the diet deficient in proteins and group B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin and pyridoxine). CBP was isolated by means of electrophoresis in 7.5% polyacrylamide gel. Calcium binding activity of mucoproteins was explored with the aid of dialysis followed by complexonometric titration. The deficiency of food proteins was shown to lead to substantial changes in the content of vitamin D-dependent CBP and calcium binding activity of mucoproteins. The deficiency of group B vitamins did not produce any appreciable influence on the content of CBP or calciumbinding activity of total mucoproteins. PMID- 6624005 TI - [Effect of food intake on the mass of the entire small intestine in white rats]. PMID- 6624004 TI - [Effect of meat pates of different composition on gastric secretory function]. AB - Experiments on 4 dogs with isolated Pavlovian pouches were made to study the action on gastric secretion of a new type of a beef pate in which 20% of basic raw material was replaced by precipitated blood plasma proteins (a sample under study) and of a beef pate of a conventional composition (a control sample). Both pate samples were found to provoke a characteristic gastric juice secretion which strongly differed from the secretion pattern during beef feeding. This was determined by the presence in the pates of a significant amount of fat and by the homogenized nature of the pate mass. Gastric juice thus obtained was marked by a slightly decreased acidity, low content of hydrochloric acid pH 1.7-2.6, and moderate pepsin concentration. Replacement in beef pate of 20% of basic raw material by precipitated blood plasma proteins did not provoke any changes in gastric secretion as compared to that seen during intake of pates of a conventional composition. PMID- 6624006 TI - [Electrical activity of the subcortical structures and the cerebral cortex in hunger]. AB - It has been demonstrated in chronic experiments on dogs with electrodes implanted into different brain areas and with a gastric fistula according to Basov that there is a consistent variation in the encephalographic picture of electrical activity of subcortical structures and brain cortex depending on periodic activity of the gastrointestinal tract. These changes have been discovered to correlate with blood glucose content. The reported data have been confirmed concerning the release of nutritive substances from the depot at the end of an active period of gastric motility. This is attested to by an increase in blood glucose concentration and appearance of high-amplitude slow fluctuations in subcortical structures and brain cortex. Exogenous cholecystokinin-pancreozymin has been demonstrated to have a characteristic effect on electrical activity of brain structures under study, which might serve one more evidence in favour of the involvement of this hormone in periodic activity of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 6624007 TI - [Dietary fat emulsions of lowered caloric content]. AB - The products such as mayonnaise for infant's and dietetic nutrition were supplemented with the most full-value and readily assimilable proteins of milk and plant origin, whereas inhibitors and components (yolk-yellow, soybean oil, etc) not very suitable for dietetic nutrition were excluded. The know how and composition of dietetic pastes with a fatness of 10-50% were those of sauces for cold dishes and desserts with a fatness of 1-10%. These products represent a stable, readily assimilable vegetative oil emulsion. They are manufactured according to a simplified (comparatively to the conventional) flow-sheet that involves two parallel processes: preparation of a vegetative oil emulsion by means of homogenization at a high pressure and preparation of a concentration aqueous suspension of excipients. Apart from the increased biological value and high quality of fatty products, the know how under consideration enables the butter and fatty industry to produce mayonnaises with a fat content under 35% and to make the best use of reiterative raw material of the milk industry. PMID- 6624008 TI - [Tocopherol and vitamin A content in the lipids of whitefish]. AB - The content of tocopherols and vitamin A was measured in lipids of light and dark muscles, brain, internal fatty tissues of the whitefish inhabiting the Ob basin. Depending on the localization, the content of tocopherols was found to vary from 11.1 to 35.6 mg/100 g while that of vitamin A from 1.96 to 8.10 mg/100 g. Tocopherols were shown to be concentrated in neutral lipids whereas vitamin A to be distributed more uniformly among neutral lipids and phospholipids. Tocopherols were stable on lipid storage at - 5 degrees C for 2 years, whereas vitamin A disintegrated 25% annually. PMID- 6624009 TI - Contributions to the optimal use of human blood. IX. Elimination of hepatitis B transmission by (potentially) infectious plasma derivatives. AB - Investigations were performed concerning the elimination of the risk of hepatitis B transmission of potentially infectious plasma derivatives by the addition of a low dose of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg). To this end, clotting factor VIII concentrate, prothrombin complex, C1 esterase inhibitor concentrate, plasminogen and antithrombin III were prepared from plasma strongly positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). To one half of every preparation, HBIg was added up to a final concentration of 0.4 IU anti-HBs/ml (test preparations), the other half was not treated (control preparations). Furthermore, to 10(-3) diluted infectious reference plasma (Bureau of Biologics, FDA, USA), an overdose HBIg was added to a final concentration of about 0.4 IU anti-HBs/ml. 6 chimpanzees, injected either with the control plasma derivatives or with the untreated infectious reference plasma, were infected with hepatitis B virus, whereas 5 chimpanzees, injected either with the test plasma derivatives or the infectious reference plasma to which the HBIg had been added, did not show any evidence of hepatitis B infection during the follow-up of 1 year. Addition of a low dose of HBIg to potentially infectious plasma derivatives appears to be a reliable measure to eliminate the hepatitis B transmission and is preferred to other methods for labile plasma derivatives. PMID- 6624010 TI - A competitive inhibition assay for gelatin binding fibronectin. AB - A competitive inhibition assay for functional fibronectin (Fn), based on ELISA technology, is described. The assay measures Fn's physiologic ability to bind to denatured collagen (gelatin). Affinity-purified Fn inhibits the binding of alkaline phosphatase coupled Fn to gelatin-coated wells of a microtiter plate in a concentration-dependent manner. The assay range is 50-500 micrograms Fn/ml, which is suitable for the measurement of plasma Fn in both normal and opsonin deficient individuals. It is reproducible over an eightfold dilution of plasma and is resistant to interference by normal plasma proteins. The assay described is quick, quantitative, and reproducible, and satisfies the need for a measure of functional Fn activity in the clinical laboratory. PMID- 6624011 TI - Autoimmunity and the Kell blood groups: auto-anti-Kpb in a Kp(a+b-) patient. AB - An example of auto-anti-Kpb in a Kp(a+b-) patient is described. The antibody present in the patient's serum and in eluates from her red cells was IgG. It did not bind complement, and did not cause in vivo hemolysis. 9 months after recognition of the autoimmune state the direct antiglobulin test had become negative and anti-Kpb was no longer detectable. It is postulated that autoimmunity involving the Kell blood group may be precipitated by antigens or enzymes of microbial origin. PMID- 6624012 TI - [Psychopharmacological agents in combination with psychotherapy in treatment of patients with neuroses]. PMID- 6624013 TI - [Functional state of the human organism after exposure to electric current of industrial frequency]. PMID- 6624014 TI - [Prognostic value of the hypertension syndrome in influenza meningoencephalitis]. PMID- 6624015 TI - [A plant shop health care service in prevention of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6624016 TI - [Economic efficacy of preventive health care for cardiological patients in rural regions]. PMID- 6624017 TI - [Experience with the organization of an inter-regional rehabilitation center]. PMID- 6624018 TI - [Characteristics of secondary cardioneurosis in patients subjected to surgery for acquired heart defects]. PMID- 6624019 TI - [Intraventricular blocks in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6624020 TI - [Pathogenesis of cardiac insufficiency in elderly and aged patients with hypertension]. PMID- 6624021 TI - [Functional state of the cardiovascular system and lipid metabolism in elderly patients with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6624022 TI - [Use of a helium-neon laser in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6624024 TI - [Changes in kidney function during work in the hot shops of a metallurgical plant]. PMID- 6624023 TI - [Activities of various enzymes in peripheral blood leukocytes during chronic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6624025 TI - [Acid-base equilibrium in elderly and aged patients with chronic pyelonephritis and diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6624026 TI - [Reducing diet in treatment of patients with Pickwickian syndrome]. PMID- 6624028 TI - [Circulating immune complexes in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6624027 TI - [Kidney involvement in chronic nonspecific lung diseases (data from a puncture biopsy)]. PMID- 6624029 TI - [Diagnosis of bronchospastic syndrome]. PMID- 6624030 TI - [Croupous bronchitis]. PMID- 6624031 TI - [External respiration function in patients with tuberculosis following lung resection]. PMID- 6624032 TI - [Endoscopic diagnosis of oncological diseases of the esophagus and stomach]. PMID- 6624033 TI - [Regional blood flow indices in evaluation of the severity of acute pancreatitis and cholecystopancreatitis]. PMID- 6624034 TI - [Adaptation to food in digestive disorders]. PMID- 6624035 TI - [Iron, manganese and copper concentrations in blood and digestive gland secretions in patients with chronic digestive system diseases]. PMID- 6624036 TI - [Blood concentrations of sulfhydryl groups and ascorbic acid in patients with calculous cholecystitis]. PMID- 6624037 TI - [Complication of stomach phytobezoars]. PMID- 6624038 TI - [Ectopic pancreas in the jejunum]. PMID- 6624039 TI - [A case of stomach phlegmon]. PMID- 6624040 TI - [Serum ceruloplasmin concentrations in patients with multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 6624041 TI - [The state of public health service in the Transcarpathian Region]. PMID- 6624043 TI - [Experience with the work of preventive care facilities in collective and state farms of the Chernovtsy Region]. PMID- 6624042 TI - [Prevention of cross infection in viral hepatitis A]. PMID- 6624044 TI - [Automated information-dispatching system at the Kiev emergency care station]. PMID- 6624045 TI - [Increase of the reliability of information on morbidity and work time losses]. PMID- 6624046 TI - [Use of heparin in patients with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6624047 TI - [Lung air cysts]. PMID- 6624048 TI - [The effect of isoniazid and PAS on various biochemical indices of liver function in patients with tuberculosis]. PMID- 6624049 TI - [Efficacy of chemotherapy of primary destructive pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6624050 TI - [Immunological indices in evaluation of the activity of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6624051 TI - [Efficacy of treatment of patients with recurrences of tuberculosis of the respiratory organs]. PMID- 6624052 TI - [Function-morphological characteristics of the gastric mucosa in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6624053 TI - [Clinical role of methyluracil in combined treatment of patients with peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6624054 TI - [Errors and difficulties in roentgenodiagnosis of acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 6624055 TI - [Indices of liver function in patients with chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 6624056 TI - [Effect of intestinal irrigations with Mirgorod mineral water on the state of liver secretory function]. PMID- 6624058 TI - [Evaluation of the results of duodenoscopy in various digestive system diseases]. PMID- 6624057 TI - [Morphological and morphometrical criteria in the diagnosis of chronic colitis]. PMID- 6624060 TI - [Erythrocyte membrane permeability for potassium in psoriasis]. PMID- 6624059 TI - [Plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6624061 TI - [Active detection of patients with hypertension in a polyclinic]. PMID- 6624062 TI - [Hemodynamic indices in patients with hypertension]. PMID- 6624063 TI - [The Kerdo index in patients with borderline arterial hypertension during different periods of physical activity]. PMID- 6624064 TI - [Capillary circulation and various indices of tissue metabolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6624065 TI - [Structural changes in the myocardium during intermediate variants of chronic ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6624066 TI - [Microcirculatory disorders in the vessels of the bulbar conjunctiva in multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 6624067 TI - [Radionuclide determination of the regional cerebral blood flow in patients with initial atherosclerotic dementia]. PMID- 6624068 TI - [Changes in various blood biochemical indices in patients with acute pneumonia after laser irradiation]. PMID- 6624069 TI - [Characteristic clinical manifestations and therapy of residual delirium following delirium tremens]. PMID- 6624070 TI - [Hygienic control of the penetration of chemical substances through the skin in industry]. PMID- 6624071 TI - [Microbial sensitization in pathogenesis of postdysentery colitis]. PMID- 6624073 TI - Executive Board proposes US$ 520 million programme budget for 1984-85 biennium. PMID- 6624072 TI - WHO's programme budget since 1980: some lessons for the 1984-85 biennium. PMID- 6624075 TI - World Health Day 1983. Health for all: the countdown has begun. PMID- 6624074 TI - Health education: new tasks, new approaches. PMID- 6624076 TI - Proceedings of the Commonwealth Caribbean Medical Research Council. 28th Scientific meeting, Kingston, Jamaica, April 20-23, 1983. PMID- 6624077 TI - Getting results from medical research. PMID- 6624078 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma of the rectum. PMID- 6624079 TI - The diagnosis of acute pelvic pain. PMID- 6624080 TI - Treatment of advanced malignancy with plasma perfused over staphylococcal protein A. AB - A total of 14 extensively pretreated patients with advanced and progressive malignancy were given 140 infusions of autologous plasma that had been perfused over staphylococcal protein A bound to an agarose gel (Sepharose). Infusions ranged in volume from 35 ml to 260 ml (mean, 70 ml), and the quantity of protein A used ranged from 1 to 30 mg per 100 ml of plasma (mean, 10 mg). Acute toxic reactions included fever (21%), chills (18%), nausea (17%), vomiting (8%), pain (9%) and bronchospasm (2%). Four patients did not have an acute toxic reaction and no chronic or cumulative toxic effects were identified. In two patients there was objective tumor regression and in five there was stabilization of disease lasting from 4 to 12 weeks. Further study of this treatment modality is warranted. PMID- 6624081 TI - Separation of forearm hemodynamics into skin and muscle components by means of i epinephrine iontophoresis. AB - By a combination of iontophoresis of I-epinephrine into the skin of one arm and simultaneous venous occlusion plethysmography in both treated (muscle only) and untreated forearms (muscle plus skin), we examined in 16 normal volunteers forearm blood flow, capillary filtration coefficient and venous capacity at cuff pressure of 40 mm of mercury (VC(40)) at rest, during tonic finger exercise and after interrupted repetitive finger exercise. Blood pressure did not change during the testing procedure. Forearm muscle conductance was about 60% to 70% of total conductance and was positively correlated with total conductance during rest and exercise. With standard exercises muscle conductance rises to 1(1/2) to 2(1/2) times resting level, and skin conductance rises to 2(1/2) to 4(1/2) times resting level. The capillary filtration coefficient is almost entirely in the muscle. It doubles in value with tonic exercise but decreases to half its resting value after interrupted repetitive exercise despite greatly increased conductance. Therefore, repetitive exercise-induced dissociation between conductance and filtration surface occurs in striated muscle. The mechanism is yet unknown. VC(40) in muscle is about 84% of total forearm VC(40). During tonic exercise muscle VC(40) was reduced, and during interrupted repetitive exercise the values for muscle and skin returned to resting values. A high correlation between muscle only and muscle-plus-skin for forearm blood flow and the identify between arms for measuring capillary filtration coefficient makes iontophoresis unnecessary for determining these values in forearm striated muscle under these experimental conditions. PMID- 6624082 TI - Effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in conventional dosage on glucose homeostasis in patients with diabetes. AB - Larger-than-conventional doses of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are known to lower plasma glucose levels. This phenomenon has raised the questions whether or not NSAIDs in conventional dosage can be used for the treatment of hyperglycemia in patients who have non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and whether or not NSAIDs added to preexistent hypoglycemic drug therapy taken orally may lead to unanticipated hypoglycemia. In this study we evaluated aspirin, sodium salicylate and ibuprofen given in conventional dosage to hyperglycemic patients with adult-onset (type II) diabetes. Half the patients were usually treated for hyperglycemia by means of diet only and half with diet plus hypoglycemic drugs given orally. Significant changes in plasma glucose levels were not seen after the administration of a combination drug containing aspirin and magnesium-aluminum hydroxide (Ascriptin, 650 mg three times a day; glucose change = 236+/-30 to 236+/-31 mg per dl) or sodium salicylate (600 mg three times a day; glucose change=284+/-76 to 273+/-84 mg per dl). A statistically significant but small change was seen with the administration of ibuprofen (600 mg three times a day; glucose change=196+/-60 to 179+/-47 mg per dl) but not when giving ibuprofen (300 mg three times a day; glucose change=267+/ 78 to 282+/-60 mg per dl). The results of this study indicate that conventional doses of NSAIDs should not be used for treating hyperglycemia and that, since the additive hypoglycemic effect of NSAIDs in conventional doses was minimal or negligible, they can be used safely for other purposes in diabetic patients taking hypoglycemic drugs orally. PMID- 6624083 TI - Inadequate medical order writing. A source of confusion and increased costs. AB - Audits of medication and intravenous fluid orders and of return to the pharmacy of unused intravenous solutions were conducted in 1980 at a university teaching hospital in response to a prevailing impression among pharmacists that physicians' orders were often written in an incomplete, nonstandardized fashion and that intravenous fluid wastage was common. A disturbing number of order were incomplete and judged to be ambiguous. Less than 25% of orders for intravenously given solutions contained adequate instructions for subsequent administration of fluids. Intravenous fluid return amounted to an estimated loss of $137,695 per year in wasted material and labor. The results of the audits were disseminated among the staff. In addition, the pharmacy changed its operations to detect more quickly and correct the problems caused by ambiguous orders. Later studies showed a reduction in the return of unused intravenous fluids and some improvement in order writing. Inadequate and ambiguous orders were still judged to be a problem, however, especially intravenous fluid orders that omitted instructions for subsequent fluid requirements and "open-ended" intravenous fluid orders. Such orders were eight times more likely to be associated with return of unused intravenous fluids than orders with adequate instructions for giving fluids subsequently. PMID- 6624085 TI - Osteoporosis. Part I. Advanced radiologic assessment using quantitative computed tomography. AB - These discussions are selected from the weekly staff conferences in the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Taken from transcriptions, they are prepared by Drs Homer A. Boushey, Associate Professor of Medicine, and David G. Warnock, Associate Professor of Medicine, under the direction of Dr Lloyd H. Smith, Jr, Professor of Medicine and Chairman of the Department of Medicine. Requests for reprints should be sent to the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143. PMID- 6624086 TI - Central nervous system and genitourinary blastomycosis: confusion with tuberculosis. PMID- 6624084 TI - Chemicals, cancer and cancer biology. AB - Chemicals can cause cancer in humans and animals. Two significant questions are how and how frequently do these neoplasms arise? The first documentation of chemically induced cancer in humans was of the occupationally related "soot wart" in 1775. Since that time various carcinogens have been identified. Some compounds act directly on cell populations, whereas others must be metabolized by a host to produce a "proximate" or "ultimate" carcinogen. Because of the variety in carcinogen structure and the multiplicity of modifications to the cellular macromolecules, a simple explanation for chemical effect is unlikely. Furthermore, true neoplastic growth involves at least two and possibly more steps, some of which are reversible. Evidence suggests that cancer represents an altering of differentiation and that chemical agents may act at the level of DNA or on epigenetic regulatory phenomena. The method for selecting the neoplastic cell from those that are normal is not known. Because we cannot explain the mechanisms for cancer formation or the role of chemicals in the process, prudence is needed in determining the significance of human exposure and in relating this exposure to the risk of neoplastic disease. PMID- 6624087 TI - [Selected trace elements and their carriers in children with malabsorption syndromes]. PMID- 6624088 TI - [Zinc, copper, magnesium and cadmium levels in the amniotic fluid in physiological pregnancy and pregnancy toxemia]. PMID- 6624089 TI - [Inheritance of the TRC index of the fingers in the population of Lodz]. PMID- 6624091 TI - [Pulmonary edema in a patient with adrenal pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 6624090 TI - [Effect of contamination of the working environment with organic solvents containing benzene and its homologs in the leukocyte system and blood platelets]. PMID- 6624092 TI - [Case of familial Marie-Sainton syndrome in a 2-month-old infant]. PMID- 6624093 TI - [A needle in a child's lung]. PMID- 6624094 TI - [Suppurative cerebrospinal meningitis caused by Klebsiella ozaenae in a 1-year old child]. PMID- 6624095 TI - [Case of congenital osteogenesis imperfecta with basilar impression and hydrocephalus]. PMID- 6624096 TI - [Case of the coexistence of Marie-Bamberger disease and Macleod syndrome]. PMID- 6624097 TI - [Shellac bezoar of the stomach]. PMID- 6624098 TI - [Prodromal symptoms in myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6624099 TI - [Management of sudden perceptual hearing loss of unknown etiology]. PMID- 6624100 TI - [Serum magnesium levels in pregnant women with the symptoms of EPH-gestosis and prolonged pregnancy]. PMID- 6624101 TI - [Acute renal failure after poisoning with Enwogol, a coolant]. PMID- 6624102 TI - [Bone biopsy as the examination of decisive importance in the diagnosis of suppurative hematogenic osteitis]. PMID- 6624103 TI - [Value of the surgical treatment of cystic kidney]. PMID- 6624104 TI - [Parathyroid dysfunction and mild intracranial hypertension]. PMID- 6624105 TI - [Case of Reye's syndrome in an adult]. PMID- 6624106 TI - [Case of amnestic stroke]. PMID- 6624107 TI - [Sponge kidney as a diagnostic problem]. PMID- 6624108 TI - [Results of treatment of suppurative cerebrospinal meningitis in children]. PMID- 6624109 TI - [Netilmicin - its use in a surgical clinic]. PMID- 6624110 TI - [Etiopathogenesis and clinical aspects of cortical blindness]. PMID- 6624111 TI - [Various aspects of preventive examinations of industrial workers]. PMID- 6624112 TI - [Persistent atrial tachycardia]. PMID- 6624114 TI - [Wegener's granulomatosis]. PMID- 6624113 TI - [Case of neurofibrosarcoma of the stomach]. PMID- 6624115 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in generalized miliary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6624116 TI - [Atypical course of early gestosis]. PMID- 6624118 TI - [Specificity of interpersonal relations between patients and physicians during hospital treatment]. PMID- 6624117 TI - [Erroneous administration of sterinol to children]. PMID- 6624119 TI - [Morbidity and problems of therapeutics and professional work at Derna (Libya) based on the observations of a specialist in internal medicine]. PMID- 6624120 TI - Esophageal fistula. PMID- 6624121 TI - Gastric and duodenal cutaneous fistulas. PMID- 6624122 TI - Postoperative fistulas of the small intestine: therapeutic principles. PMID- 6624124 TI - Alimentary tract fistula: stomatherapy techniques of management. PMID- 6624123 TI - Factors influencing the outcome of treatment of small bowel cutaneous fistula. PMID- 6624125 TI - Long-term experience with transection choledochoduodenostomy. PMID- 6624127 TI - Decision-making process in abdominal surgery in the geriatric patient. PMID- 6624126 TI - Postoperative liver insufficiency: prevention and management. PMID- 6624128 TI - The radiocephalic fistula as vascular access for chemotherapy. PMID- 6624130 TI - What is Buerger's disease? PMID- 6624129 TI - Selection of a treatment plan in chronic atheromatous limb ischemia. PMID- 6624131 TI - Acute necrotizing pancreatitis after distal splenorenal shunt. PMID- 6624132 TI - How to use abdominal wall retractors at laparotomy in grossly obese patients. PMID- 6624133 TI - The route of infection in patients with bactibilia. PMID- 6624134 TI - The physician as an expert witness. PMID- 6624135 TI - Metabolism of some naturally occurring isothiocyanates in the rat. AB - The metabolism of methyl, ethyl, butyl and allyl isothiocyanate, which occur as glucosinolates in a number of plants, was studied. Oral administration of the substances to the rat was followed by their renal excretion as mercapturic acids, which were isolated as dicyclohexylamine salts. Chemical structure was determined by synthesis and 1H-n.m.r. spectra. The mercapturic acids were very labile dithiocarbamidic acid esters, formed by the addition of the isothiocyanate group to the SH group of the cysteine component. PMID- 6624136 TI - Biotransformation of zeranol: disposition and metabolism in the female rat, rabbit, dog, monkey and man. AB - The disposition of [3H]zeranol has been studied in the female Wistar rat, New Zealand rabbit, beagle dog, rhesus monkey and man. The blood elimination half life of total radioactivity in rabbit was 26 h, monkey 18 h and man 22 h. In all species studied the drug was absorbed, oxidized and/or conjugated, and was extensively excreted via the bile in all species except rabbit and man, in which urinary excretion predominated. Blood total radioactivity in man probably consisted entirely of conjugates of zeranol and/or its metabolites. Urinary metabolites in all species included conjugates (beta-glucuronides and/or sulphates) of zeranol and the major metabolite zearalanone. A more polar minor metabolite was isolated from human urine and was shown to be hydroxy-zeranol. Taleranol (7 beta-zearalanol, the lower-melting diastereoisomer), a probable metabolite of zeranol (7 alpha-zearalanol, the higher-melting diastereoisomer) in animals and in man, was shown to be a urinary metabolite in a female New Zealand white rabbit which had received [3H]zeranol (8 mg/kg per day) for seven days. A reverse isotope dilution method was developed for the quantification of both diastereoisomers of zearalanol, and also zearalanone, in urine. PMID- 6624137 TI - Influence of 9-hydroxyellipticine and 3-methylcholanthrene treatment on antipyrine metabolite formation in rats in vivo. AB - The influence of pretreatment of rats with 9-hydroxyellipticine and 3 methylcholanthrene on different enzymes of the hepatic mixed-function oxidase system were studied using antipyrine as model compound. Antipyrine half-lives and clearances were estimated in blood, and the metabolite profile was determined in urine. 3-Methylcholanthrene treatment resulted in an increase in antipyrine clearance from 17 to 75 ml/min per kg. Partial clearance of formation of 4 hydroxyantipyrine was selectively increased from 3.9 to 28.2 ml/min kg, whereas clearance of 3-hydroxymethylantipyrine was decreased from 3.2 to 1.2 ml/min per kg. Norantipyrine formation was increased from 2.7 to 7.2 ml/min per kg, while 4,4'-dihydroxyantipyrine formation was unchanged. 9-Hydroxyellipticine treatment resulted in no change in the total clearance, and only the clearance of 4,4' dihydroxyantipyrine was decreased, from 2.5 to 1.5 ml/min per kg. After pretreatment with 3-methylcholanthrene, 9-hydroxyellipticine treatment resulted in a selective decrease in the clearances of 4-hydroxyantipyrine, from 28.2 to 15.8 ml/min per kg, and of 4,4'-hydroxyantipyrine, from 3.8 to 1.6 ml/min per kg. From these results it is concluded, that 9-hydroxyellipticine is a selective inhibitor of the activity of some of the cytochrome P-450s involved in antipyrine metabolism, though this inhibition does not effect all of these enzymes, nor is it restricted to polycyclic hydrocarbon-induced activity. These results further substantiate the value of antipyrine as a model substrate, for they indicate that the formation of all four metabolites of antipyrine in rats is mediated by different (iso-)enzymes. PMID- 6624138 TI - The metabolism of fenclofenac in the horse. AB - 14C-Fenclofenac (2-(2'-4'-dichlorophenoxy)-phenylacetic acid) was administered orally to horses, and urinary metabolites investigated by chromatography. Fenclofenac was rapidly absorbed and eliminated, with a plasma half-life (t1/2) of 2.3 h, with 83.2 and 85.8% of the dose being recovered in the urine in 0-24 h. The major urinary metabolite was the ester glucuronide (58.8, 70.0% dose), and evidence is presented that this metabolite undergoes a structural rearrangement to give beta-glucuronidase-resistant isomers. The other 14C-labelled components in horse urine were unchanged fenclofenac (13.1, 11.5% dose), and two minor metabolites, one of which was identified as a monohydroxy fenclofenac. This study is the first to show an ester glucuronide to be the major metabolite of a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in the horse. PMID- 6624139 TI - The metabolism of 1-phenyl-2-(N-methyl-N-benzylamino)propane (benzphetamine) in vitro in rat. AB - The metabolism of 1-phenyl-2-(N-benzylamino)propane (benzphetamine) in vitro was studied using rat-liver microsomes. Five metabolites were isolated from the incubation mixture and identified as 1-phenyl-2-(N-benzylamino)propane (benzylamphetamine), (1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(N-methyl-N-benzylamino)propane, 1-(p hydroxyphenyl)-2-(N-benzylamino)propane, methamphetamine and amphetamine. This metabolism in vitro was compared with that in vivo which was reported previously. The formation of all five metabolites were catalysed by liver microsomes supplemented with NADPH and O2, and inhibited by either SKF 525-A or CO. N Demethylation was inhibited by either 2-methyl-1,2-bis-(3-pyridyl)-1-propanone (metyrapone) or n-octylamine, while aromatic hydroxylation was inhibited by 7,8 benzoflavone and N-debenzylation was depressed by all these inhibitors. N Demethylation was enhanced by pretreatment of rats with phenobarbitone, while aromatic hydroxylation was induced by pretreatment with 3-methylcholanthrene, and N-debenzylation was Induced by pretreatment with either phenobarbitone or 3 methylcholanthrene. These data suggested that the metabolism of benzphetamine was mediated by three slightly different enzyme systems. PMID- 6624140 TI - Effect of dietary carrageenan and pectin on the reduction of nitro-compounds by the rat caecal microflora. AB - Rats were fed either a basal purified diet, or that diet supplemented with 50 g/kg pectin or iota carrageenan for 50 days, and caecal microbial nitroreductase activity determined using p-nitrobenzoic acid, p-nitrophenol, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, nitrofurantoin and metronidazole as substrates. Both pectin and carrageenan increased the weight of caecal contents, and pectin also increased the number of bacteria per caecum. In contrast, carrageenan decreased the caecal bacterial population. Pectin significantly increased the rate of reduction of metronidazole and the rate of conversion of p-nitrobenzoic acid to p-aminobenzoic acid, while carrageenan significantly decreased the rate of reduction of every compound studied. The results demonstrate that microbial reduction of the nitro-group may be altered by diet, although the response found with one nitro-compound may differ from that seen with another substrate. PMID- 6624141 TI - Identification of new secondary metabolites of methoxyphenamine in man. AB - Metabolites of methoxyphenamine were examined in the urine of three healthy human volunteers. The metabolites were separated by g.l.c. and identified by comparison of their chromatographic and mass-spectrometric behaviours with those of authentic synthetic compounds. 5-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-N-methylamphetamine, a metabolite previously identified by indirect methods, was conclusively identified by comparison with the now-available authentic synthetic material. In addition, three new metabolites of methoxyphenamine were identified--5-hydroxy-2 methoxyamphetamine, 2-methoxyphenylacetone and 5-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenylacetone. PMID- 6624142 TI - Cellulolytic enzymes associated with the fruit rots of Citrus sinensis caused by Aspergillus aculeatus and Botryodiplodia theobromae. AB - Botryodiplodia theobromae and Aspergillus aculeatus were inoculated in carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) medium and on filter papers. Hydrolysis of the CMC medium and degradation of the filter papers were observed, indicating the production of C1 and Cx cellulases by the two rot pathogens. The C1 and Cx enzymes were also detected in filtrates of rotted orange fruits obtained by infection with the two pathogens. The cellulases could not induce rot development on their own. However, when they were added to pectinases in an enzyme inoculum, the incubation period for inducing rot development was shorter, thus establishing a secondary role for the cellulases in the rot development. Optimum conditions for the action of the cellulases included a neutral pH and temperature ranging from 25 to 30 degrees C. PMID- 6624143 TI - [Purification and isolation of the arom aggregates of Schizosaccharomyces pombe]. AB - The five enzymes that catalyzing steps two through six in the prechorismate polyaromatic amino acid biosynthetic pathway are physically associated and have been purified up to 400-fold from Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The native arom aggregate has a molecular weight of approx. 140,000-145,000 based on gel filtration, glycerol-density-gradient centrifugation, and polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. Similarities between the S. pombe arom aggregate and that of Neurospora crassa and Euglena gracilis are discussed. PMID- 6624144 TI - [Secondary metabolites as endogenous effectors of microbial cytodifferentiation]. AB - The present survey covers the regulatory role of microbial secondary metabolites and related compounds as endogenous signals of cell differentiation of the producing organisms. Several antibiotics have been shown to exert autoregulatory effects on differentiation-associated functions. The mechanisms of self protection of the producing cells against the autotoxicity of secondary metabolites are discussed in terms of an integral part of the modulation of signal strength. As a further topic, the review deals with the hormone-like interference of particular metabolites with differentiating cells. Conclusive discussion concerns the potential use of microbial signal molecules either as tools for directed manipulations of product syntheses or as pharmaceutics. PMID- 6624146 TI - [Prognosis of the probable morbidity rate in ischemic heart disease in patients over 50]. AB - A mathematic model on prognostic statements as to the development of the ischaemic heart disease from the 50th year of life has been developed. By applying the probit analysis it was possible to plot curves which contain statements on the probable morbidity rate with regard to the ischaemic heart disease. The probability of becoming affected by the ischaemic heart disease increases with advancing years both in men and women. It is highest for men between 50 and 59 years and for women between 60 and 75 years. Between 70 and 74 years the risk becoming affected by the ischaemic heart disease is 4 to 5 times higher than between 50 and 54 years. PMID- 6624145 TI - [Principles of pharmacotherapy in geriatrics]. AB - This article examines the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs under the aspects of senile changes in organs and systems in the neurohumoral regulation and in metabolism. It gives reasons for the inadequacy of polypharmacy in the treatment of elderly and old people and for the need of a strict individualization. The retarded reactivity of the organism of old people, their increased susceptibility and reduced tolerance of the effects of drugs necessitate smaller dosages of drugs in geriatrics in comparison with the generally usual dosages, especially at the beginning of treatment. The multitude of exogenous and endogenous changes in the organism, that go hand in hand with the process of aging, leads in old people to an increased susceptibility to more frequent and pronounced secondary effects caused by drugs. Of special importance in the prevention of a possible intoxication by drugs are, in the case of elderly people, the proper composition of food, the water balance and the electrolyte metabolism. PMID- 6624147 TI - [Relation between lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in patients suffering from ischemic heart diseases in old age]. AB - The authors determined the levels of oral glucose tolerance, of serum insulin and of the serum lipids in 143 patients of advanced age suffering from ischaemic heart disease. They point out the importance of the relationship between disturbed lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms which cause coronary arteriosclerosis via hyperinsulinism. PMID- 6624148 TI - [Characteristics of changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, autoimmune reactions and hemocoagulation in elderly patients with atherosclerosis at various sites]. AB - Senile changes in the lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms as well as in the system of haemocoagulation are risk factors of the atherosclerotic process. Atherosclerosis in patients of advanced or old age assumes a general character and the incidence of the combined involvement of different vascular regions increases. The identification of the atherosclerotic process in patients of advances age is accompanied by an increase in the disturbances of the lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms in the immunological system and the system of haemocoagulation. There are differences in the degree of such metabolic disturbances in older patients which depend on the localization of the atherosclerotic process. The strongest disturbances of the lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and in the immune reactivity occur in connection with coronary and cerebral atherosclerosis. Less frequent are metabolic disturbances and impairments of the immune reactivity in the case of peripheral atherosclerosis obliterans. Obviously, it is not only general changes in the organism but also local factors that play an important part with regard to this type of localization of the process such as deteriorated trophism of the tissue, changes in the vascular wall. Although atherosclerosis is in general characterized by an increased haemocoagulation there exist differences depending on the various localizations of the vascular process. PMID- 6624149 TI - [The effect of hemodynamic changes on oxygen requirement under physical strain in advanced age]. PMID- 6624150 TI - [The relative length of the radius and ulna at the wrist joint]. AB - The average relative length of radius and ulna on the wrist joint was measured. The 922 examined joints (637 patients) were divided into groups corresponding to age. Up to the age of 50 the relative length of the both forearm bones is the same. Then the ulna surpasses the length of the radius a little. The maximum difference amounts to 1 mm. We support the cause in a decrease of cartilage thickness of caput radii and capitulum humeri which is greater than a simultaneous decrease of cartilage thickness in humero-ulnar joint. In senility the small difference disappears again. The standard deviation is rather considerable, it means a great individual fluctuation. Besides we have examined the elevation of processus styloideus radii et ulnae and their distance. This values were very constant. PMID- 6624151 TI - [Drug therapy of obesity in old age]. AB - The treatment of adiposity by drugs is a problem of modern medicine which has not been solved yet. Even though there are still many open points and uncertainties in this particular field, it is advisable to follow recommendations in one's daily work which may be advocated in view of the present level of knowledge. Most important is always the individual situation which must allow for the psychic, physical and social situation of the individual. The results of an examination of the effectiveness of different therapeutical measures carried out on 130 men and 140 women between 18 and 65 years over a period of one year are explained; they support a positive attitude towards the possibility of influencing the risk factor of adiposity in old age. PMID- 6624153 TI - [Living in age-appropriate housing]. PMID- 6624152 TI - [Simulation of the effect of biologically active substances in models]. AB - The results obtained from historadioautographic examinations of the epithelium of the small intestine of rats under the action of procaine served as a basis for examining the proliferative system by using a model. The following results have been obtained through computerized simulation: 1. The maximum life-time of the enterocytes is prolonged at constant villous height, which means that on average the villous is studded with older cells than normally. 2. The prolonged time of generation of the proliferatively active cryptic epithelial cells calls for a pronounced reduction in the pool of reserve cells (cells in the G0 phase, non growth fraction), i.e. for their activation in order to realize the system characteristics described under 1. 3. The condition of the system induced by procaine may be compared, in its changed tendency, neither to the changing tendencies during aging nor to those under pathological conditions. It is rather a new condition that is being produced and which is characterized, inter alia, by the characteristics described under 1 and 2. PMID- 6624154 TI - [Drug therapy between possibility and necessity]. PMID- 6624156 TI - [When are ultrasonic tomography and computer tomography necessary in the diagnosis of tumors?]. PMID- 6624155 TI - [Medical consultation methods and early detection of tumors]. PMID- 6624157 TI - [Value of fine needle biopsy and cytology in the diagnosis of tumors]. PMID- 6624158 TI - [Effect of degree of specialization on the chances for success in cancer therapy]. PMID- 6624159 TI - [Medical emergency control--principle concerns of medical care]. PMID- 6624160 TI - [Principles of medical treatment in consciousness disorders]. PMID- 6624161 TI - [Pain in the chest]. PMID- 6624162 TI - [Acute abdomen]. PMID- 6624163 TI - [Emergency conditions in the child]. PMID- 6624164 TI - [Principle requirements of medical knowledge for exceptional cases]. PMID- 6624166 TI - [Preliminary diagnosis of heart rhythm disorders using transesophageal electrostimulation]. AB - The transoesophageal electrostimulation of the heart offers as a non-invasive method in the preliminary diagnostics of disturbances of the cardiac rhythm, in which cases it shall not substitute the intracardiac electrography, but supplement its diagnostic possibilities. Particularly by the demonstration of the disturbed sinus node function or by initiation of tachycardias by means of transoesophageal stimulation methods the little extensive non-invasive examination method may lead to directing findings in patients with unclear arrhythmias and/or unclarified syncopes. PMID- 6624165 TI - [Pathophysiology of ventricular tachyarrhythmias]. AB - On 11 patients at the age between 11 and 60 years with ventricular tachyarrhythmias (6 times relapsing ventricular tachycardia, twice relapsing ventricular fibrillation, 3 times massive polytopic ventricular extrasystoles) complex intracardiac electrophysiological and haemodynamic examinations, including heart catheterization with angiography (and in 6 patients selective coronarography) were performed. In no case we succeeded in evoking a ventricular tachycardia by stimulation. Also the spontaneous long-lasting ventricular tachycardias could not be interrupted by a single or manifold stimulation. By multiple right- and left-ventricular potential deviations we succeeded in differentiating the ventricular tachycardia and ventricular extrasystoles, respectively, according to the place of origin in all patients. As cause of the ventricular tachycardia and of the ventricular fibrillation, respectively, in 4 patients an ectopic focus with increased impulse formation, in the other patients, apart from an increased ectopic automatism, also reentry tachycardia is assumed. PMID- 6624167 TI - [Homocystinuria]. AB - It is reported on a female patient with a classical homocystinuria who showed all typical symptoms of the cystathionine-synthesis-insufficiency, such as tall stature, phacetomy, arachnodactyly, kyphoscoliosis, generalized osteoporosis and thromboembolisms. While homocystin in the blood plasma and the urine could be proved only in the patient, the concentration of plasma methionine was much increased also in the clinically completely inconspicuous sister. PMID- 6624168 TI - [Hyperplasia of Brunner's glands]. AB - 3 observations of hyperplasias of Brunner's glands are described. Such proliferations are not too frequent. The diagnostics is performed by means of radiology and endoscopy. The clinical symptomatology is multivarious, however, non-characteristic. Intestinal haemorrhages are possible. The therapy can be performed surgically and endoscopically. PMID- 6624169 TI - [Heart rhythm disorders as a result of therapy]. PMID- 6624170 TI - The effects of deoxycholic and ricinoleic acid on the isolated circular muscle of the cat colon are modified by leucine-enkephalin. AB - The mechanism of the diarrheogenic effect of bile acids and fatty acids is incompletely understood. In order to study their effects on motility we tested sodium deoxycholate and sodium ricinoleate in their actions on the spontaneous mechanical and myoelectrical activity of the isolated circular muscle of the cat colon in a perfusion apparatus. Sodium deoxycholate activated the muscle in concentrations from 10(-9) to 10(-5) M. ED50 was 6.3 X 10(-9) M, ED100 10(-6) M. Sodium ricinoleate similarly stimulated muscle contractions. ED50 was 2.3 X 10( 7) M, ED100 5.1 X 10(-6) M. Both agents increased the occurrence of oscillating potentials in the myoelectrical records. Oscillations probably correspond to the migrating electrical complexes in diarrhea. The addition of leucine-enkephalin augmented primarily the number of brief spike potentials which may correspond to segmenting contractions. Thus, bile acids and fatty acids cause profound changes in colonic motility which by themselves may promote diarrhea. The endogenous opiate leucine-enkephalin could possibly counteract these effects. PMID- 6624171 TI - [38th annual meeting of the German Society for Digestive and Metabolic Diseases together with the 15th annual meeting of the German Society for Gastroenterologic Endoscopy 8-10 September, Munich. Abstracts]. PMID- 6624172 TI - Materials for bone and joint replacement. PMID- 6624173 TI - [Test of the vitality of hypothermically stored and cryopreserved rat hearts following in vivo coronary perfusion]. AB - Experiments were carried out on cryopreservation of rat hearts. Viability of hearts perfused with cryoprotectant containing solutions as estimated by a short time connection of rewarmed hearts with the circulation of a recipient animal. ECG, contraction and reflow from the perfused heart were measured. The same method were carried out in hearts after hypothermic storage. PMID- 6624174 TI - [Static load on human cadaver femora with implanted hip endoprosthesis shafts in various forms]. AB - The present paper deals with biomechanical investigations applying static pressures to endoprosthetic hip shafts implanted into cadaveric femora with bone cement. The purpose of the investigations was to observe the maximal breakload of the femora or endoprosthesis. We did experiments with 27 femora and implanted 4 different endoprostheses (3 metallic shafts and 1 ceramic shaft). The investigations showed a significant difference between metallic and ceramic shafts in maximal breakload. The metallic shafts showed a favourable load distribution from the prostheses shafts to the femora. That means a higher breakload when the angle between prosthesis-collar and shaft is more than 140 degrees. PMID- 6624175 TI - Portable insulin infusion devices: a new era in the treatment of insulin dependent diabetics! Which patients should be treated? AB - The development of portable insulin infusion devices - in which the insulin dosage is programmed in advance (open loop system) are increasingly being used for long-term daily diabetes control. These pumps represent a new method for attaining significantly improved metabolic control (glycemia and glucose metabolites, HbA1, lipid and aminoacid metabolism) and an impressive influence on diabetic neuropathy, on general fitness and on quality of life of insulin dependent diabetics. At least all insulin-dependent diabetics without noticeable residual insulin secretion should be treated by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) via portable pumps, that are 8 000-10 000 patients in the GDR and approximately 500 000 in the world. Considering special conditions (strict supervision by experienced medical staff, carefully drawn up adequate instructions, highly motivated and capable patients) we assume that at the present stage of technical development of the pumps infants, imbeciles and incooperatives should be excepted only. PMID- 6624176 TI - [Chondrocyte proliferation in joint cartilages in beginning arthrosis- experimental studies]. AB - The cellular reaction of the articular cartilage in the beginning of the arthrosis has not been investigated very often up to now. An arthrosis model of little progression was used for this investigation by operative production of a valgus position of the proximal tibia at an angle of 30 degrees in the knee-joint of adult rabbits (in connection with Reimann, 1973). Proliferative processes of the chondrocytes are in the foreground with the beginning of arthrosis. This could be observed by means of histological and autoradiographical investigations with 3H-thymidine. The mode of the cell division is discussed. Mitotic divisions after modulation of the chondrocytes in a chondroblastic phase are probable. PMID- 6624177 TI - [Percutaneously measured oxygen partial pressure of the healthy, acutely and chronically diseased lower extremity]. AB - Measurements of the oxygen pressure in capillary blood were carried out. There was a decrease in acute and chronic diseases of the lower legs. The value of oxygen pressure was depending on the degree of the damage. PMID- 6624178 TI - [Effect of different cytostatic agents and antibiotics on the biology of Trichomonas in vitro]. AB - The purpose of these examinations was an attempt to elucidate the influence of some cytostatic preparations (Fluorouracil, Triaziquone (Treminon), Mechlorethaminee Oxide Hydrochloride (Mitomen), Methotroxate, Mitomycins, Cyclophosphamide (Endoxan), Mechlorethamin (Nitrogranulogen) and antibiotics (Penicillin, Streptomycin, Aureomycin, Nystatin) on formation of the multinuclear forms of Trichomonas under the conditions of culture on artificial medium and to investigate the cidal and static effects of chosen cytostatics and antibiotics of different species of Trichomonas in vitro. It was found that Mechlorethamine (Nitrogranulogen) and Mitomycins have distinct influence on formation of the multinuclear forms of Trichomonas in culture. Similar effects were observed in the antibiotic group with aureomycin only if applied pure or combined with other antibiotic drugs. In addition, it was shown that Triaziquone (Treminon) exerts the strongest effects on the examined species of Trichomonas. PMID- 6624179 TI - [Local production of antibiotics in the CNS as a specific parameter in the immunologic diagnosis of neurosyphilis]. AB - Concentrations of albumin and total IgG as well as TPHA-IgG antibody titres have been determined in pairs of serum and cerebrospinal fluid of 280 syphilitic patients with or without clinical symptoms of neurosyphilis. As the ratio of the TPHA-IgG titre per mg total IgG in cerebrospinal fluid and serum (CSF-TPA ratio) has been found to be a parameter for the local synthesis of treponemal IgG antibodies in the CNS, there must be assumed a participation of the CNS in syphilitic infection. In patients without participation of the CNS on the treponemal infection, the average CSF-TPA ratio is 1 with a range between 0.5 and 2.0. A local synthesis of treponemal IgG antibodies in the CNS is indicated by an increased ratio even in case of dysfunction of the blood-brain-barrier. A decreased ratio points out to a disorder of the CNS independent of te syphilitic infection. In patients with neurosiphilis having been cured ("burnt out") several decades ago the CSF-TPA ratio may return to normal possibly associated with a tissue scar in the CNS and corresponding neurological disorders. PMID- 6624180 TI - [Perianal condylomata acuminata in a 13-month-old girl]. AB - We report on the occurrence of condylomata acuminata in the perianal region of a 13 months old girl. This observation seems to be remarkable because of the early onset as well as the fact that all other published case-reports of condylomata acuminata of this age group are concerned with boys. PMID- 6624181 TI - [The effect of urea in a topical corticoid preparation on vasoconstriction]. AB - It was checked by vasoconstriction tests, whether a new topical preparation containing 0.1% halcinonide in combination with 10% urea possibly caused an increase in vasoconstriction. There was no significant difference found between the preparations with and without urea. PMID- 6624182 TI - [Psychiatric pathography as esthetics of ugliness]. PMID- 6624184 TI - [Incorporation]. PMID- 6624183 TI - [Configuration types among the clientele of a psychotherapy clinic. A contribution to the structure analysis of psychotherapeutic care]. PMID- 6624185 TI - [Hemodynamic rest and stress studies following implantation of various aortic valve prostheses]. PMID- 6624187 TI - [Catheter tip force probe: a paraclinical development for per- and postoperative monitoring in heart surgery]. AB - Local intramyocardial "one-point" force measurement is well adapted to the myocardial architecture. The dense three-dimensional muscle network does not permit direct measurement of longitudinal tension in a particular bundle of muscle fibers. However, measurements on the skeletal muscle have shown changes in tendon stress to be strictly proportional to changes in local force measured simultaneously at different sites on the gastrocnemial muscle. In the heart in situ the response to inotropic and pre- and afterloads changes is extremely sensitive. However, in comparison to left ventricular pressure, local force measurements at different sites and in different ventricular layers show distinct force gradients and phase dislocation, indicating a wide range of inhomogeneities in ventricular dynamics. The method is suitable for clinical application in cardiac surgery: the probe may be implanted directly on the exposed heart or during ventricular catheterization using a pointed catheter tip force probe. PMID- 6624186 TI - [Modification of hemodynamics in tachycardiac atrial fibrillation by metoprolol and verapamil]. AB - Hemodynamic effects of the beta-receptor-blocking agent metoprolol (100 mg orally) and the calcium antagonist verapamil (160 mg orally) were analyzed in 24 patients with atrial fibrillation of different etiology (idiopathic atrial fibrillation, 6 cases; congestive cardiomyopathy, 6 cases; mitral stenosis, 5 cases; mitral regurgitation, 6 cases). 2 h after the administration of either metoprolol or verapamil heart rate was reduced significantly both at rest and during exercise. Cardiac output during exercise was significantly diminished under metoprolol in all groups of patients, whereas no effects were noted under verapamil. Peripheral vascular resistance was significantly decreased by verapamil both at rest and during exercise. No change in total peripheral resistance was noted after metoprolol at rest, but an increase occurred during exercise. Different effects on peripheral circulation may explain the different patterns of cardiac performance observed after heart rate reduction in atrial fibrillation by a calcium antagonist and a beta-blocking agent. PMID- 6624188 TI - [Prosthesis endocarditis with embolization of a Smeloff-Cutter aortic valve prosthesis. Diagnosis, surgical management, clinical and hemodynamic course to 3 years' postoperative follow-up]. AB - In a 47-year-old man a late postoperative chronic infective prosthetic valve endocarditis became evident 8 years after implantation of a Smeloff-Cutter aortic valve prosthesis. Signs and symptoms of valve endocarditis increased rapidly, so that within 12 months a total valve embolization was found intraoperatively. Three years after emergency reoperation and implantation of a Bjork-Shiley prosthesis, good clinical and hemodynamic results were established. Thus, even in prosthesis valve endocarditis with severe consecutive hemodynamic impairment, immediate surgical treatment seems to be mandatory and can be performed successfully with good long-term results if the diagnosis is made in time and if effective antimicrobial therapy is begun. PMID- 6624189 TI - [Beta-adrenergic stimulation with prenalterol in sick sinus syndrome]. AB - The effect of beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation on sinus node function in patients with sick-sinus syndrome was investigated. Electrophysiological studies were performed in 14 patients (5 males and 9 females) aged 18-81 years before and after intravenous administration of 50 micrograms Prenalterol per kilogram body wt. Prenalterol decreased spontaneous cycle length by 26% (p less than 0.01), which corresponded to an increase in heart rate of 21 beats/min. The corrected sinus node recovery time was shortened by 23% (n.s.) in 10 patients, and was abnormal in 12 patients before and in 10 patients after Prenalterol. Secondary pauses occurred in 8 patients at control and in 9 patients after drug administration, in 2 of them for the first time after Prenalterol. In the sick sinus syndrome the pronounced chronotropic response to beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation with Prenalterol doses not indicate improvement of impaired sinus node function. PMID- 6624190 TI - [Possibilities and prerequisites for any type of lymphedema therapy]. PMID- 6624191 TI - [Principles of an instructional method]. PMID- 6624192 TI - Binding of Leishmania promastigotes to macrophages. AB - Leishmania tropica promastigotes are easily attached to and engulfed by C3H peritoneal macrophages in vitro at 37 degrees C. Different sugars at 0.3-0.5 M inhibited in vitro the attachment of L. tropica promastigotes to C3H peritoneal macrophages with lactose (Gal-beta [1 leads to 4]Glc) being the most efficient. Inhibition of attachment is also affected by pre-treatment of promastigotes with galactose oxidase. Oligosaccharides extending from promastigote and amastigote cell surfaces contain an important proportion of non-reducing galactose as does the carbohydrate-rich factor (EF) excreted by promastigotes of L. tropica and L. donovani. This study suggests that Leishmania, an obligatory intracellular parasite, uses as a means of entering the host cell a cellular mechanism similar to that used in the removal of damaged cells from blood circulation. This mechanism is assumed to take advantage of the exposed sugars, particularly the exposed non-reducing galactose, on the parasite surface during the stage of attachment. Once the parasite is inside the cell, the EF it produces might have a protective function, being inhibitory to some of the host cell lysosomal enzymes. PMID- 6624193 TI - Liposomal chemotherapy in visceral leishmaniasis: an ultrastructural study of an intracellular pathway. AB - The intracellular fate of liposomes administered intracardially was examined in the liver and spleen of hamsters experimentally infected with Leishmania donovani. Separate groups of animals were treated with liposomes containing either an antileishmanial agent, a colloidal gold marker, or saline. Ultrastructural examinations of lysosomal interactions with the parasitophorous vacuole and with phagocytized liposomes were made. Lysosomes readily fused with the parasitophorous vacuoles but appeared to have little effect on the parasite, possibly due to the production of enzyme inhibitors. Liposomes rapidly became localized in lysosomes subsequent to endocytosis by macrophages. Morphologic evidence suggested that secondary lysosomes containing liposomal residues then fused with the parasitophorous vacuole. Aspects of one possible pathway are discussed which may account for the greatly enhanced effectiveness of liposomal chemotherapy for experimental visceral leishmaniasis. PMID- 6624195 TI - Studies on the relationship between Schistosoma and their intermediate hosts. V. The genus Bulinus and Schistosoma bovis from Iringa, Tanzania. AB - The relationship between an isolate of Schistosoma bovis from Iringa, Tanzania, and various species of the host snail genus Bulinus from East Africa was studied using the total cercarial production per 100 exposed snails over a period of 4 weeks following patency as an index of the compatibility. All populations of Bulinus forskalii and B. africanus tested exhibited a high level of susceptibility while the populations of B. truncatus and B. globosus tested were either refractory or of low to moderately low susceptibility. All populations of B. abyssinicus, B. canescens, B. nasutus and B. tropicus tested were refractory. It is suggested that B. africanus is the most important host snail for S. bovis in East Africa, that B. forskalii at least locally may contribute significantly to the transmission and that B. truncatus and B. globosus only play a limited role in the transmission. PMID- 6624194 TI - The action of polyether ionophorous antibiotics (monensin, salinomycin, lasalocid) on developmental stages of Eimeria tenella (Coccidia, Sporozoa) in vivo and in vitro: study by light and electron microscopy. AB - The effect of three polyether antibiotics (monensin, salinomycin, lasalocid) on developmental stages of Eimeria tenella (Coccidia, Sporozoa) was studied in vivo and in vitro by means of light and electron microscopy. It was found that these three drugs act against free merozoites, which are destroyed by bursting of the cell border (i.e. pellicle), endoplasmic reticulum and internal organelles even after very short exposure times (20 min) in media containing 1 ppm, 10 ppm or 100 ppm of these drugs. Sporozoites, however, survived these drug concentrations during an exposure time of 30 min (this would be sufficient to penetrate host cells and start development). Intracellular stages, which were situated in a parasitophorous vacuole within an intact host cell, were not attacked, apparently because these drugs are almost incapable of penetrating host cells. On the other hand, parasites (such as differentiated schizonts, gamonts) located within degenerating host cells showed slight disintegration, which did not necessarily led to their death. From these results it becomes clear why these polyether antibiotics have to be fed daily. Doses of 70 ppm salinomycin, 125 ppm monensin and 125 ppm lasalocid were found to bring about an equivalent protective effect against an infection with 40,000 Eimeria tenella oocysts. PMID- 6624196 TI - Biological effects of Spirometra erinacei plerocercoids in several species of rodents. AB - Observations were made of the biological effects on infection with plerocercoids of Spirometra erinacei on normal female Snell mice, male chinese hamsters, golden hamsters, normal and hypox rats. Plerocercoid infection caused the strongest growth-promoting effect on normal Snell mice. In mice, this effect appears to be independent of strain. Chinese hamsters infected with these larvae showed similar growth. The infected normal rats and golden hamsters, however, showed a weight increase in the skeletal muscle only, while the hypox rats exhibited no effect at all. The elevation in the concentration of serum triglyceride was observed in all the animals investigated except for rats. Golden hamsters, in particular, exhibited a marked increase in the concentration of serum free fatty acids and total cholesterol. There was close correlation between the concentrations of serum triglyceride and free fatty acids, and the regression coefficient of the resulting linear regression equation for the experimentals was higher than that for the controls. This suggests that serum triglyceride results from an increased concentration of serum free fatty acids derived from stimulated lipolysis. The total cholesterol concentration in the serum decreased in chinese hamsters infected with larvae. The serum glucose concentration increased in normal Snell mice but decreased in chinese and golden hamsters. No difference in glycerol and free fatty acid concentration was observed in infected animals except for golden hamsters. PMID- 6624197 TI - Hymenolepis diminuta: immunogenicity of the strobilate worm. AB - Mice were immunized against challenge with Hymenolepis diminuta by feeding cysticercoids or by surgically implanting into the duodenum strobilate worms of different ages. Young worms stimulate stronger immunity than older ones, although the latter presents the host with a greater amount of strobilar tissue per unit time. An increase in the number of immunizing worms is associated with an increase in the level of protection. It is concluded that the development of functional immunity against H. diminuta in mice has both quantitative and qualitative antigenic requirements; it is influenced by worm age and is independent of worm mass. PMID- 6624199 TI - Ingestion of ova by cyathostome nematodes. PMID- 6624198 TI - Review of hospital cases in the assessment of hydatidosis as a health problem in the Argentine Province of Chubut. AB - A retrospective survey of hospital cases to obtain baseline data on hydatid disease in the northwest of the Province of Chubut, Argentina, from 1973 to 1979 revealed annual mean rates that varied between 13.4 and 75.8 confirmed new cases per 100.000 population. Inclusion of data on parasitologically confirmed non surgical cases and on the geographic origin of patients permitted a more accurate estimate of cases in the four Departments comprised in the study area. Information on cyst location, clinical status at admission, mortality, number of re-operations and length of hospitalization was obtained to assess the public health impact of hydatidosis within the area. The criteria established and methods used to collect this information are described and discussed. PMID- 6624200 TI - [Proceedings of the German Society for Orthopedics and Traumatology. 69th meeting, 15-18 September 1982, Mainz. Abstracts]. PMID- 6624201 TI - [Specific pacemaker therapy. Hemodynamic principles]. PMID- 6624203 TI - [Radionuclide studies in cardiology. Value and indications in coronary heart disease]. PMID- 6624204 TI - [Radionuclide diagnosis in gastroenterology. Brief example and assessment of examination methods]. PMID- 6624202 TI - [Drug-induced cardioversion. Advances in chronic atrial fibrillation and flutter]. PMID- 6624205 TI - [Vaginal mycosis. Therapy with chlorphenesin]. PMID- 6624206 TI - [So-called diaper rash--a diagnostic and therapeutic problem]. PMID- 6624207 TI - [Chronic abdominal pain in childhood. Surgical treatment]. PMID- 6624208 TI - [Chronic constipation in children. Diagnosis--therapy]. PMID- 6624209 TI - [Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and percutaneous transhepatic bile duct drainage]. PMID- 6624210 TI - [Elantan in coronary heart disease. Report of experiences]. PMID- 6624211 TI - [Laryngo-tracheal respiratory insufficiency. Causes, diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 6624212 TI - [Dyspnea in heart diseases]. PMID- 6624213 TI - [Boeck's disease and its treatment]. PMID- 6624214 TI - [Mushroom poisoning]. PMID- 6624215 TI - [Aspects of evaluating disease in elderly patients. A study from general practice]. PMID- 6624216 TI - Connective tissue diseases and the cardiovascular system: a review. PMID- 6624217 TI - Rocky Mountain spotted fever: a tough case to diagnose. PMID- 6624219 TI - [Theoretical analysis of prepathology]. PMID- 6624220 TI - [Methodological basis of interdisciplinary approaches to the integration of the sciences in the field of public health]. PMID- 6624218 TI - [Methodological analysis of the principles of preventive medicine]. PMID- 6624221 TI - [Role of Sechenov's reflex theory of mental processes in the study of animal behavior]. PMID- 6624222 TI - [Ecological aspects of epidemiology]. PMID- 6624223 TI - [Sociological studies in the field of medical sciences]. PMID- 6624224 TI - [Methodological problems of the analysis of the effectiveness of the organization of medical research]. PMID- 6624225 TI - [Physical fitness as the integral part of all-round improvement of man and the Soviet way of life]. PMID- 6624226 TI - [World outlook and medicine]. PMID- 6624227 TI - [On the concept of "diseases of civilization"]. PMID- 6624229 TI - [Interrelations between the body and environmental factors]. PMID- 6624228 TI - [Various methodological and social problems of forensic medicine]. PMID- 6624230 TI - [Problems of the control of human health and the ecology]. PMID- 6624231 TI - [Gonorrheo-mycoplasmal infection in man (clinico-laboratory study)]. PMID- 6624232 TI - [Results of treating syphilitic rabbits with penicillin preparations in combination with methyluracil or hydrocortisone]. PMID- 6624234 TI - [Case of Young's pigmented xerodermoid in 2 brothers]. PMID- 6624233 TI - [Experience with the work of obstetric-gynecologic interns in the department of dermatologic and venereal diseases]. PMID- 6624235 TI - [Zeek's supersensitive angiitis]. PMID- 6624236 TI - [Electron microscopic studies of hypertrophic scars in the process of complex treatment]. PMID- 6624237 TI - [Generalized Sneddon-Wilkinson subcorneal pustulosis treated by the PUVA method]. PMID- 6624238 TI - [Clinical evaluation of selective phototherapy in psoriasis and neurodermatitis patients]. PMID- 6624239 TI - [Dynamics of immunoglobulin levels in patients with allergic dermatoses and allergic dermatoses associated with chronic otorhinolaryngologic infections]. PMID- 6624240 TI - [Aminocaproic acid in the treatment of hemorrhagic and other dermatoses]. PMID- 6624241 TI - [Tactics for managing psoriasis patients during treatment by the photochemotherapy method]. PMID- 6624242 TI - [Mechanism of the therapeutic efficacy of dimexide in patients with circumscribed scleroderma]. PMID- 6624243 TI - [Various features of the clinical picture of leprosy in tropical countries]. PMID- 6624244 TI - [HLA-system and psoriasis]. PMID- 6624245 TI - [Relation between reaction time and the characteristics of a motor act]. AB - The connection of reaction time (RT) with spatial-temporal motor parameters was studied in humans. Duration of the motor act was set by experimenter. In response to the signal the tested person pressed one or two buttons according to instruction. The interval between these pressings corresponded to the time of performing the movement. It is shown, that RT significantly depends on the regime of work, duration of movement, and distance between buttons: with greater distances such dependence becomes significant. It is suggested that dependence of RT upon various motor act parameters is determined by differences in the levels of brain structures activation and in spatial-temporal organization of the movement. PMID- 6624246 TI - [Electroencephalographic analysis of the functional development of cortical regions of the brain in children under 1 month of age]. AB - Reorganization of background electric activity of newborns brain under the action of rhythmic photostimulation was studied in children of the first month of life in a state of quiet alertness by the method of age transversal slides (I, II, III IV weeks of life). At the age of III-IV weeks, the repeated rhythmic light stimulation elicits a stable reorganization of the background activity in the theta-frequency range in the central areas at 5 Hz stimulation and in delta frequency range in the occipital areas at 2 Hz stimulation. Characteristics of spatial manifestation of background activity reorganization in various cortical areas reflect frequency-specific character of newborns' cerebral cortex reactivity, appearing to the end of the first month of postnatal development. PMID- 6624247 TI - [Auditory evoked potentials to indifferent and meaningful stimuli in young children]. AB - Auditory evoked potentials (AEP) of the frontal, central and parietal cortical areas of the left hemisphere in response to an indifferent sound stimulus and to a stimulus with same physical characteristics, but with acquired informational significance, were studied in healthy children of the 3-d year of life. In the last case the amplitude of the AEPs in all recorded areas rose and the latencies of late components in the parietal area became longer. Moreover, the components of AEP got more complex owing to a greater manifestation of the late positive component P3 in all recorded areas and particularly in the parietal one. PMID- 6624248 TI - [Conditioned reflexes following destruction of the deep structures of the brain]. AB - The role and the relative significance of paleo-, archi- and neostriatum as well as Corpus Luysii, substantia innominata, substantia nigra, nucl. ruber and the hippocampus, in the mechanism of purposeful behaviour of animals, were studied on cats and rats. It has been shown that the above structures, together with the cerebral cortex, take part in operational memory. The data obtained continue the evolutionary concept of L. A. Orbeli that in higher vertebrates with a well developed cortex, the deeper brain structures do not lose their initial function, and together with the cortex, participate in the provision for the integrative activity of the brain. PMID- 6624249 TI - [Disruption of successive specialized movements in a chain conditioned reflex after extirpation of individual fields of the prefrontal cortex in baboons]. AB - After extirpation of the field 9 and 47 disturbances of a chain instrumental reflex appear in monkeys as a fragmentation of successive acts and simplification of the forms of manipulation with experimental instruments. Disturbances of movement forms are stable. This fact to some extent is modelling human frontal pathology which is manifested in inability to perform a series of successive movements with switching over to different forms. Extirpation of the field 10 elicits disturbances of successive act only in the initial period and further the chain reflex is fully restored. Locomotor hyperactivity dominates in the behaviour. Author's initial conclusion is confirmed that the field 10 does not participate in formation and manifestation of temporal connections and has regulating influence on the organization of complex animals' behaviour. PMID- 6624250 TI - [Asymmetry of movement direction as a tactic in the feeding behavior of rats]. AB - The sign and degree of spatial-motor asymmetry in rats were studied in conditions both of spontaneous or signalled choice in an U-maze and spontaneous multiple choice in a radial labyrinth. It was shown that during investigation of a new environment, motor asymmetry in rats was feebly expressed in all conditions of experiments, irrespective of the labyrinth scheme and experimental procedures. In the process of training, adequate behaviour was formed and in some conditions a distinctly expressed spatial asymmetry appeared, while in other cases it was absent. Apparently, while investigating an "unknown" situation (where rats can move rightwards and leftwards), the strategy of "displacement" is characteristic of them. Later the rate of asymmetry manifestation depends on concrete spatial and temporal characteristics of already "familiar" surroundings. PMID- 6624251 TI - [Morphologic analysis of the consequences of simultaneous lesioning of the hippocampus and amygdala in the rat]. AB - The comparison of damage localization in the region of the hippocampus and amygdala with changes of behaviour components in operated rats revealed an increase of alimentary excitability, motor and intersignal activity following damage of the dorsal part of the hippocampus and destruction of all the parts of amygdala, whereas the elaboration of transswitching of heterogeneous (alimentary and defensive) conditioned reflexes became difficult. If the hippocampus was fully destroyed and amygdala damage was confined to its corticomedial part, then the motor activity was enhanced only in some animals and alimentary excitability and intersignal activity, as a rule, did not differ from those in the intact rats. The elaboration of transswitching of heterogeneous conditioned reflexes in this case was facilitated. PMID- 6624252 TI - [Formation of visual evoked potentials and development of visually guided behavior in the Ficedula hypoleuca nestling]. AB - Age dynamics of evoked potentials (EPs) of Wulst area of the dorsal hyperstriatum (functional analogue of mammalian visual cortex) was investigated in 2-7 days old nestlings. EPs in response to light stimuli, with the duration and intensity imitating natural alimentary signals for 5-7 days-old nestlings, were recorded parallel with the behaviour. It was found that the development of the visual system in precocious nestlings became completed in postembryonal ontogenesis. The most essential changes in the parameters of visual EPs occur between 2.5 and 4 days of nest life. By the end of the 4-th day the EPs parameters resemble those of the definite EPs. During the same period the visually directed form of the alimentary behaviour appears for the first time. Both the visual EPs and the visually directed alimentary behaviour first appear in the ontogenesis in response to the second component of two-fold luminosity change--the natural signal of alimentary behaviour. PMID- 6624253 TI - [Coherent functions of the electrical activity of the hippocampus, amygdala and frontal cortex during alimentary instrumental reflexes in the dog]. AB - Coherence functions of biopotentials of the hippocampus, amygdala and frontal cortex were studied in dogs during performance of an alimentary instrumental conditioned reflex. Significant differences were determined between the coherence functions values in the background activity and under conditioned stimulation. The level of organization of coherence functions was calculated by entropy analysis method. An increase of organization level of coherence functions within the theta waves range and decrease within the beta 1 range under the action of the conditioned stimulus, was found during transition of the animal brain from the background state to activity. PMID- 6624254 TI - [Role of auditory regions of the cerebral cortex in localizing stationary sound sources in the dog]. AB - The role of the auditory cortex in the localization of stationary sources was deduced from the deficit of localization ability of decorticated dogs. The lateralization threshold for stimulation by signals with interaural difference in time (delta T) and intensity (delta I) was taken as a quantitative estimate of the localization ability. These thresholds were determined for intact animals as well as for those with uni- and bilateral removal of the auditory cortex (AI, AII, Ep). The bilateral ablation has been found to disturb the temporal cue localization, whereas the delta I-cue localization has been retained. The ability of localization by the temporal cue depended on damage size (AI). The obtained data imply the importance of the auditory cortex for perception of temporal signal characteristics. PMID- 6624255 TI - [Activity of septal and hippocampal neurons transplanted into the anterior chamber of the eye in the rat]. AB - Septal and hippocampal tissue of rat embryos was grafted into anterior eye chamber of adult rats. After 4-6 months, activity of single units was recorded extracellularly from the grafts incubated in standard medium. In the hippocampus (47 neurons), only about half of the cells exhibited spontaneous activity (47%). When it was present, it was low and consisted mainly of complex spikes. In the septal grafts (131 cells), the number of spontaneously active units was higher (82%), as well as their discharge rate. The activity consisted of irregular and regular single spikes, rhythmic bursts or groups. During rhythmic stimulation hippocampal responses followed it up to 30-50 cps and were characterized by prominent frequency potentiation. In the septum responses followed only up to 3-5 cps; frequency potentiation was not observed. Comparison of neuronal activity in the grafts of the septum and hippocampus with that in vivo with various types of deafferentation and with slices incubated in vitro shows that some distinct "organotypic" characteristics of spontaneous and evoked activity are preserved by the neurones of the septum and hippocampus developing in oculo. PMID- 6624256 TI - [Evoked potentials to sound in the visual cortex in the cat]. AB - The obtained data on the appearance in the cat visual cortex (VC) of evoked potentials (EPs) with short (4-5 ms) and long (80-90 ms) latencies in response to sounds, lead to the conclusion about a complex, phasic character of VC activity change under the action of inadequate stimuli. The dependence of short-latency EPs on the sound intensity has been found, which is expressed in the initial increase of amplitude and a reduction of temporal parameters, followed by stabilization of their values at further increase of stimulation intensity. Cortical nature of the observed EPs has been proved. PMID- 6624257 TI - [Interaction of afferent inputs from structures of the amygdalar complex at the level of the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus in the rat]. AB - In acute experiments on rats, focal potentials characteristics were compared with responses of 63 neurones of the thalamic dorsomedial nucleus (DMN) to stimulation of the anterior amygdalar area (AAA), anterior periamygdalar cortex (APC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA). A resemblance was established of parameters of DMN evoked responses to APC and BLA stimulation. At DMN level, interaction of inputs from BLA and APC and to a lesser degree from AAA and BLA was discovered, expressed in suppression of the evoked activity to testing stimulation in the interval of 50-500 ms after conditioning stimulation. It is shown that the inputs from the structures of the amygdalar complex to DMN are of different effectiveness. 30% of tested neurones were characterized by convergence of the inputs from APC and BLA. APC coagulation was followed by a reduction of focal potentials evoked by BLA stimulation and by their complete disappearance in the ventral part of DMN. It is supposed, that APC in rats is the main relay structure between BLA and DMN. PMID- 6624258 TI - [Functional organization of neurons in different microportions of the visual cortex in the cat]. AB - Evoked spike activity of neighbouring neurones in microareas of the cortical visual field 18 was studied in non-anaesthetized non-immobilized cats. In most of the micropools (MP) either all neighbouring cells reacted to the presented stimulus or they all did not react. A tendency has been detected to grouping of neurones with similar convergent properties. In a considerable part of MPs in which activity of the neighbouring cells was synchronized by the action of "common input", the responses of all the studied cells in the MP were similar. In the MPs with inhibitory interactions, some neurones produced inhibitory, and other--excitatory responses. The existence of several types of functionally differing MPs is suggested. PMID- 6624260 TI - [Behavioral reactions of cats to simple models of the acoustic signals of kittens]. PMID- 6624259 TI - [Mikroiontophoretic analysis of the interrelation between spike activity and chemical sensitivity of neurons of the medial thalamus to acetylcholine and noradrenaline in alert rats]. AB - An interconnection between spontaneous impulse activity of medial thalamus (MT) neurones and their chemical sensitivity to acetylcholine (ACh) and noradrenaline (NA) was revealed in rats by means of microelectrode recording and microionophoresis in conditions of free behaviour and during immobilization stress. The neurones with the most rare reactions (inhibitory to ACh and excitatory to NA) had higher frequency and variance of discharges in comparison to the cells with most typical responses (excitatory to ACh and inhibitory to NA). The number of cases with changed sensitivity of single units in these conditions directly correlated with the firing rate and variance of the unit discharges. Qualitative changes in cells' sensitivity to ACh and NA elicited in rats both "spontaneously" in conditions of immobilization stress and under the action of electrocutaneous stimulation were not always tightly connected with the observed phasic changes of their discharges. PMID- 6624261 TI - [Interrelated activity of remote cortical neurons during conditioned reflex transfer]. PMID- 6624262 TI - [Relation between evoked potentials in the auditory cortex of the rabbit and the functional status of the reinforcing systems of the brain]. PMID- 6624264 TI - [Interneuronal interrelations in the somatosensory cortex in rat pups during the 1st month of postnatal life]. PMID- 6624265 TI - [Synthesis of DNA in the brains of rats raised in a sensory enriched and impoverished environment]. PMID- 6624263 TI - [Reproduction in the cat of conditioned evoked potentials during amygdalar stimulation timed to coincide with reinforcement]. PMID- 6624266 TI - Selecting students for training in health care. A practical guide to improving selection procedures. PMID- 6624267 TI - [Chemical composition of seeds from Cucumeropsis mannii Naudin and their suitability as food]. AB - Dehulled seeds from Cucumeropsis Mannii Naudin mainly consist of lipids (40.3%) and proteins (34.5%). Carbohydrates, minerals, and water amount to 16.5, 3.7, and 5.9%, resp. From this composition a caloric value of 2 190 kJ/100 g is calculated. The major component of the oil linoleic acid (57.9%). Short-chain fatty acids are absent. All important macro and micro nutrient elements are present in sufficient amounts for human nutrition. The seeds are rich in vitamin E and in niacin (30.8 mg/100 g and 14.3 mg/100 g. resp.). Consumption of 100 g dehulled seeds covers the daily requirement of essential fatty acids, vitamin E and essential amino acids--methionine excepted. Besides starch (14.3 g/100 g) sucrose (1.14 g/100 g), raffinose (0.42 g/100 g) and stachyose (0.41 g/100 g) as well as traces of glucose and fructose are present. The proteins extracted with various solvents (H2O, 0.1 M KCl-, 0.1 mM K3PO4-, and 0.5% SDS-solution) are studied by amino acid analysis. SDS-electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. Molecular weights of these proteins are between 5,000 and 80,000 daltons with the fraction between 20,000 and 35,000 predominating. The seeds exhibit weak inhibition of trypsin and do not inhibit alpha-chymotrypsin. PMID- 6624268 TI - [Forensic medicine aspects of fatal coronary insufficiency with normal coronary arteries]. AB - Clinical experiences give examples for the existence of various courses of anginal symptomatology even with cases of sudden heart death demonstrating angiographically normal coronary arteries. Pathogenetically may be considered spasms of regular or little changed coronary arteries, coronary muscle bridges and acute arrhythmias. In cases of recurrent myocardial ischemias an interstitial fibrosis and endocardial fibrosis can be proved histologically in the myocardial supply area. However an acute coronary insufficiency based on rheological and metabolic etiology cannot be found with morphological methods. The results are discussed, considering forensic aspects in cases of competitive causes of death. PMID- 6624269 TI - [Ring fractures of the base of the skull]. AB - Besides complete ring fracture, also incomplete fractures open to the front, back, or side(s) are discussed on the basis of 61 ring fractures of the base of the skull. The fractures were found in casualties from traffic accidents (car passengers, cyclists and motorcyclists, pedestrians), after falls and other accidents. In traffic accidents, compression, traction, hyperextension, extreme lateral movements, and torsional forces can lead to ring fractures. In falls, compression and traction are the main forces. A fall in one plane is also capable of producing an incomplete ring fracture. Incomplete ring fractures may show lateral emphasis. The greater fracture length is found on the impact side (e.g., in falls). In contrast to complete ring fractures, incomplete ring fractures are compatible with longer survival times. Ring fractures are to be classified under direct fractures. This does not exclude the possibility that overall deformations of the skull with bursts can partly determine the course of the fracture. PMID- 6624270 TI - A case of polyagglutination. AB - A case of erythrocytic polyagglutination in a healthy blood donor is reported. After a review of current literature, the results of clinical and serologic tests which led to the diagnosis of Tn-red cells polyagglutination are presented. This is only the sixth case of Tn-activation in a healthy blood donor. The clinical and forensic significance of this rare phenomenon is discussed. PMID- 6624271 TI - Application of a radiometric method for evaluation of loss of salicylic acid during isolation from biologic material. AB - A radiometric method for evaluation of loss of salicylic acid in the process of isolation from biologic material is described. According to this study the mean loss during the total process of isolation amounts to 33.59%, the specific values being 19.47% during protein precipitation, 10.68% during extraction, and 3.44% during evaporation of solvent. PMID- 6624273 TI - [Morphological characteristics of gunshot wounds of liver and spleen]. AB - Stellate wounds are to be expected in gunshot injuries to the liver and spleen. As to their configuration, they resemble the skin breaks in an absolute close range shot. The exit wound is larger than the entry wound. The genesis and utility of such injuries for reconstruction of the shot direction are discussed with reference to seven gunshot mortalities. Stellate wounds could also be achieved by shooting at isolated cadaver organs. The experimentally produced gunshot wounds differed from those produced in vivo in that the entry and exit wounds were equally large. PMID- 6624272 TI - Mechanisms of postural ataxia after intake of alcohol. AB - The effect of an acute intoxication with alcohol on the stability of stance was examined in 12 healthy subjects. They drank 11 of wine within 1 h. The resulting blood alcohol concentrations ranged between 0.9 and 1.67 mg/ml. Static posturography at the end of drinking and 1 h later revealed a significant increase in body sway which was mainly due to an increase in anteroposterior sway only present with closed eyes. A comparison of the results of posturography after acute intoxication with the data of patients with permanent lesions confined to the different functional subunits of the cerebellum shows that the acute effect of alcohol largely resembles that of a chronic lesion of the cerebellar anterior lobe (the spinocerebellum). PMID- 6624275 TI - [Acute and subacute fetal CO-poisoning]. AB - The main principles of placental CO exchange in cases of CO intoxications of pregnant women are shown. Fetal COHb lags behind maternal COHb by several hours depending on the exposure pattern. During CO elimination the fetal COHb levels again lag behind the mother's. A case of a lethal CO intoxication of a pregnant woman, mens IX, with exposure time of 10-12 h and COHb of 75% for the mother and 46% for the fetus allows to make conclusions about process of intoxication and about different times of death for mother and fetus. In highly acute lethal intoxications of the mother COHb in fetal blood is low or negative. A vital danger of the fetus is not probable when mother survived a short CO exposure. PMID- 6624276 TI - [Morphometric studies of x-rays of the sternum]. AB - Sex determination of a sufficient certainty is possible using measurements (length and breadth) obtained by X-rays of the human sternum. Body height may be determined by X-rays of the human sternum if a wide dispersion is given. The given relations and formulae are valid only when measuring the sterna of adults. PMID- 6624274 TI - [Brain changes in parathion poisoning: observations in 42 cases]. AB - A total of 42 cases were examined neuropathologically to determine possible toxic changes occurring in the brain after parathion intoxication. Sporadic anoxic alterations were observed in 7% of 41 cases in which the cause of death was acute intoxication. Nearly all cases (93%), however, showed marked hyperemia, often coupled with small reactionsless, periventricular hemorrhages which occurred in 40% of the cases. In one third of the cases (33%) there was moderate swelling of the oligodendroglia. Whereas histological evidence of edema was found in nearly one third of the cases (30%), comparison of the brain weights in these subjects with those of a large comparative collective showed definite pathologic brain weights in only five cases (12%) with 95% confidence limits. It is true that in 18 cases (42%) the brain weight was above the normal value if the confidence limit is ignored. Pronounced anoxic alterations were observed in only one case in which the individual survived the acute intoxication for 4 weeks after initial respiratory arrest. Predominantly toxic changes, however, could not be detected in any of the cases examined. This negative morphologic finding does not agree with the physiologic alterations reported by other investigators using animal models; they considered the cause of death in cases of parathion intoxication to be the result of toxic paralysis of the respiratory center. The literature was discussed. PMID- 6624277 TI - [Quantitative determination of ethylene glycol using head-space chromatography]. AB - A simple, easy to do, and precise method in the determination of ethylene glycol in biological material is presented. After oxidation of ethylene glycol with sodiummetaperjodate is the resulting formaldehyde with sodium-borhydride to methanol reduced. The stoechiometric amount of resulting methanol is determined by Head-Space-Gaschromatography. The determination is made with peakheight method. PMID- 6624278 TI - [Evidence in cases of disputed descent from the viewpoint of the blood group expert]. AB - The purpose of official guidelines is to ensure that when blood group serology is used to establish or contest kinship--usually a biologic child-father relationship--the prevailing conditions are both optimal and as similar as possible. Thus, they are concerned with "general conditions of evidence". Beyond this aspect there are the specific conditions of evidence pertaining to each individual case. They are based above all on the serotype of the child (and that of its mother), including, in deficiency cases, the number and relationship of relatives consulted; they affect both the exclusion expectation and the positive proof. With a new computer program it is now possible to calculate mean W values including upper and lower tail probabilities even in complex cases. From these one can determine whether or not the probability value (W) obtained in a specific case is "typical" for the alleged relationship. PMID- 6624279 TI - [Possibilities of metric sex determination from the pars petrosa ossis temporalis]. AB - Based on a sample of petrous bones of known sex (47 males and 47 females) discriminant functions were worked out for sexing both uncremated and cremated petrous bones. Classification values were certain to range from 70.2% to 76.6% for uncremated petrosals and from 67.0% to 73.4% for cremated ones. The results do not support the more promising values suggested by Wahl (1981). PMID- 6624280 TI - [Analysis and renal excretion of pirisudanol (Stivane)]. AB - The chromatographic and spectroscopic properties (TLC; UV; IR; 1H-NMR; GC/MS) of the psychostimulant Stivane (dimaleate;I) are presented in detail, describing some analytic peculiarities of the pure substance as well. Moreover, the results of the renal excretion studies are reported: after hydrolysis in each of the acidic and basic urine extracts a degradation product--but no unchanged drug- could be detected. PMID- 6624282 TI - [Milk yield and milk composition in underfed cows and after protein realimentation]. PMID- 6624281 TI - [Utilization of nitrogen from uracil-(1.3-15N2) in fattening lambs]. PMID- 6624283 TI - [Patient, disease, hospital]. AB - Even in surgery the patient wants to be respected not only as a carrier of an affected organ but always as a human personality. He expects sympathy from the medical staff as well as from physicians. He has the right that his identity and his private sphere ware also respected in hospital. Psycho-hygiene in surgical units is an important as meticulous anti- and asepsis. PMID- 6624284 TI - [Treatment tactics in postoperative joint infection]. AB - Acute septic arthritis after surgery with limitation to the joint cavity - empyema - can be treated with good prognosis towards functional restoration of the joint by means of early synovectomy, irrigation, systemic antibiotic treatment and passive mobilization, using a motorized mobilization apparatus. If the inflammation has already spread into the capsule or even bone, it can only be wiped out by early arthrodesis with an external fixation system. About 39 infections of the big joints were treated, 10 of them after primary open injuries. All could be healed, except 1 case with concomitant arterial lesion. In 2/3 of the knee-joints and in 1/2 of the ankle-joints it was possible to maintain the function of the joint in a satisfactory condition. PMID- 6624285 TI - [Experiences with ceramic head prostheses in femoral neck fractures in very elderly people]. AB - From 1978 to 1982, 52 ceramic prostheses of the femoral neck were implanted in old aged people. The average age came up to 74.2 years. There were no complications. PMID- 6624286 TI - [Multi-stage treatment following old irreversible destruction of the proximal femur]. PMID- 6624288 TI - [Chronic course of epidural hematomas]. PMID- 6624287 TI - [Pseudocancer of the skin following lower leg amputation. Rare case of Gottron's papillomatosis cutis carcinoides]. PMID- 6624289 TI - [Value of the angiographic image in bone tumors]. PMID- 6624290 TI - [Psychological and gynecological characteristics of rejection of the maternal role and its significance for sterility]. AB - In connection with 204 cases the authors endeavoured to reveal the psychogenous causes of functional sterility by examining the personality structure of their patients. The patients visited the clinic because of their primary or secondary sterility. In 44 cases the husband or partner were also examined from psychological point of view, or were treated with psychotherapy. The psychogenous causes of functional sterility were found to be multifactorial and divided into 18 groups. Among these factors, which caused sterility directly or indirectly, there were some, which could be eliminated by psychotherapy, and there were some, which had already caused an irreversible change in the personality,--Beside the success of therapy the effectiveness of the gynecologist-psychologist team-work is remarkable. PMID- 6624291 TI - [Progress of labor and cardiotocographic parameters in mobilization during labor]. AB - Report about 156 intrapartum ambulations who failed progress of labor. Internal fetal monitoring was used in all patients. Labor progress with cervical dilatation was stated in 92,1% in first stage and in 68,7% in second stage of labor. An average increase of 10 mmHg in baseline tonus and an increase in amplitude and contraction frequency were found. No significant changes in either FHR baseline, variability or floating line were observed during ambulation. The lack of any demonstrable ill effects with ambulation in labor and the improved tolerance to pain and comfort are remarkable. Intrapartum ambulation with internal fetal monitoring has a great efficacy for progress of labor and is safe for both mother and fetus. PMID- 6624292 TI - [Diagnosis of extrauterine pregnancy with special reference to ultrasound diagnosis and abdominal pregnancy]. AB - Extrauterine pregnancies scarcely achieve an advanced developmental stage and were rarely diagnosed preoperatively. Even the ultrasonic B scanning don't eliminate the difficulties in recognising the ectopic pregnancy. We can demonstrate this by means of 3 case. In one of them, a case of full term abdominal pregnancy with healthy fetus, we could diagnose this preoperatively. PMID- 6624293 TI - [Therapy of puerperal mastitis]. AB - Mastitis puerperalis is a severe complication of puerperium. Results of treatment of 70 patients with mastitis by low-dose conventional X-ray irradiation and secondary inhibition of lactation by conservative physical measures are reported. Breast abscesses were observed only in 6 of 70 patients. Therefore the antiinflammatory irradiation with low-dose X-rays is a suitable method of treatment. PMID- 6624294 TI - [Differential diagnosis of varicose hemorrhage in pregnancy]. AB - The problem of differential diagnosis of varicose bleeding is referred by means of a case of recurrent profuse vaginal bleeding during the 7th month of pregnancy. The bleeding occurred after cerclage and because of a suspected placenta praevia we did a cesarean section. This was followed by hysterectomy because of persisting bleeding. A vesico-vaginal-fistula occurred in consequence of maneuvers to stop bleeding at vaginal cuff. After recognizing and abolishing the reason of the bleeding we observed a normal healing. The closure of the fistula was successful. PMID- 6624296 TI - [The practice of cardiotocography]. PMID- 6624295 TI - [Prenatal diagnoses in a family with pericentric inversion of chromosome no. 5]. AB - A hereditary pericentric inversion of chromosome 5(p13 leads to q35) was detected in a family after the birth of a child with Cri-du-Chat-syndrome [46,XY,del(5)(p13)]. Prenatal diagnoses were carried out in three pregnancies in this family. The following results were found in the amniotic fluid cells: first pregnancy 46,XX; second 46,XY, inv(5)(p13 leads to q35) and the third 46,XX,der (5)(pter leads to q35::p13 leads to pter). The first two pregnancies ended with the birth of phenotypically normal children; the third one however was interrupted. Fetal kidney tissue cultures confirmed the result of the amniotic fluid cell culture. PMID- 6624297 TI - [Bilateral ovarian pregnancy--a rare case of extrauterine pregnancy]. AB - Reported is a case of bilateral intrafollikular ovarian pregnancy. Frequency and genesis were discussed against the background of this case. Reference is made to diagnostic action and therapy of this rare form of ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 6624298 TI - [Osteogenesis imperfecta and pregnancy]. AB - This paper deals with three cases of osteogenesis imperfecta and pregnancy. The significance of this disease with regard to genetic advice, pregnancy and delivery is discussed considering the classification of Sillence. PMID- 6624299 TI - [Care and delivery of epileptic pregnant patients]. AB - The collective care of women having epileptical fits by gynecologists and neurologists is reported in this paper. Questions of the course of pregnancy as well as the management of delivery are dealt with the help of the collective observation material. The condition of the newborns is described, too. It is especially referred to the fact that the anticonvulsive treatment during the pregnancy has to be maintained, if possible a monotherapy should be used and the plasma level of drugs should be controlled, particularly in the first time of pregnancy. Induction of labor at term has been approved besides of intensive prenatal care with facilities of control by modern equipment. Accumulation of fits during pregnancy or complications by hemorrhage in the newborns were not to be seen. All children with only two exceptions were normally nursed. This regime was not harmful. PMID- 6624300 TI - [Fetal movement patterns in the external cardiotocography and their interpretation by simultaneous ultrasound observation]. AB - Analysing cardiotocographs not only fetal heart frequency and uterine contractions but also fetal movements have to be considered. Based on this knowledge 96 cardiotocographs are estimated with simultaneous observation by ultrasound. It seems to be possible to conclude from the tocograph pattern to the type of movements. PMID- 6624301 TI - [Sonographic demonstration of intrafetal cysts and their differential diagnosis]. AB - By high dissolvent power ultrasound equipments it is possible to perceive intrafetal malformations of organs in the second trimester of pregnancy already. Cystic abdominal tumours differential diagnostically are scarcely to be identified by ultrasound only. Their origin mostly is the urogenital system. Even monstrous findings don't allow a prognose of the further development. Additional procedure, e.g. puncture of the cysts by ultrasound sight are necessary for diagnose. PMID- 6624302 TI - [Transcervical chorion frondosum excision with ultrasound image. Preliminary report]. AB - The direct control by ultrasound allows a biopsy from chorion frondosum without danger and reveals new possibilities to diagnose malformations in the first trimester of pregnancy in time. PMID- 6624303 TI - [Sonographically evident changes in placental structures in pregnancy. 1]. AB - During the routine prenatal care a sonographical valuation of the placental tissue structure is performed. It could be proved at 657 gravids (1436 examinations) that the placental tissue structure is changing the course of pregnancy. The results were graduated in three stages from 0 to 3. Stage 0 represents the placenta in the first and second trimester and Stage 3 is used for the ripe placenta. The practical use of the placental tissue structure diagnosis is discussed. PMID- 6624304 TI - [Experimental infestation of cattle with ectoparasites and their effect on leather quality]. PMID- 6624305 TI - [Antibiotic sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from different animal species]. PMID- 6624306 TI - [Differential serodiagnosis of pigeon salmonellosis by determination of IgG and IgM antibodies using immunoenzyme test]. PMID- 6624307 TI - [Occurrence of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni in mice and guinea pigs from experimental animal establishments]. PMID- 6624308 TI - [Simultaneous vaccination against influenza A and tuberculosis]. AB - Observations made on adults in open groups have revealed that inactivated chromatographic influenza vaccine and BCG vaccine, when introduced simultaneously, retain their reactogenic and antigenic properties. The faintly pronounced stimulating effect of BCG vaccine on the formation of influenza antibodies has been noted. A decrease in the total morbidity level has been registered among the vaccinees immunized against influenza and tuberculosis simultaneously. PMID- 6624309 TI - [Taxonomic position and ecology of the causative agent of brucellosis isolated from murine rodents in regions of the northern foothills of the Greater Caucasus. II. The ecological and pathogenetic characteristics of Brucella strains isolated from murine rodents]. AB - To establish the possibility of the circulation of brucellae among the population of myomorphous rodents, the mass survey of these rodents was carried out in the mountainous and foothill regions of the Caucasus. In the area of the northern foothills of the Caucasian Mountains 23 Brucella cultures were isolated from 2715 rodents under examination; these cultures proved to be similar to B. suis 1330 in respect to their pathogenicity and the character of pathomorphological changes induced in guinea pigs. Experiments on white mice demonstrated the possibility of brucellar contamination through sexual route and through feces. PMID- 6624311 TI - [Comparison of the spectra of the extracellular proteins in differentiating staphylococcal cultures]. AB - The study of the spectra of the extracellular proteins of 45 museum cultures and 391 newly isolated cultures has demonstrated that these spectra are the strain characteristic of staphylococci. A method for the identification of staphylococci by the spectra of their extracellular proteins is proposed. PMID- 6624310 TI - [Fatty acid composition of the lipopolysaccharides of bacteria in the genera Escherichia, Shigella and Salmonella as a taxonomic trait]. AB - The comparative study of the fatty acid composition of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the genera Escherichia, Shigella, Salmonella has been carried out under identical experimental conditions. The LPS of the bacteria under study have been found to contain a number of saturated fatty acids and oxyacids which could not be previously detected in these bacteria in other studies. In all bacterial strains under study LPS include mainly 3 oxytetradecanoic, tetradecanoic and dodecanoic fatty acids. The essential feature of the fatty acid composition of Salmonella is the presence of 2-oxytetradecanoic acid; this acid is absent in Escherichia and Shigella, which can thus be used as a differentiating criterion. The content of other fatty acids in Salmonella is similar to that in Escherichia and Shigella. These data confirm that the genera Escherichia, Shigella and Salmonella are phylogenetically related, the relationship between Escherichia and Shigella being more close. PMID- 6624312 TI - [Adhesive properties of Vibrio cholerae strains and mutants with varying biological characteristics]. AB - V. cholerae strains and mutants devoid of adhesive activity and possessing very high adhesive activity were found in the collection under study. As a rule, cholerigenic strains possessed high or moderate adhesive activity, while in noncholerigenic strains the coefficient of adhesiveness varied over a wide range. The existence of a definite pronounced correlation between lecithinase activity and adhesiveness was established. Hemolysin-producing strains were found to possess high adhesive activity considerably more frequently than nonhemolytic strains. PMID- 6624313 TI - [Localization of antigen F-1 of Yersinia pestis EV by an immunoferritin method]. AB - The localization of antigen F-1 in Y. pestis strain EV, line (formula; see text) has been studied by means of specific monoreceptor ferritin-labeled antibodies. The study has given direct proofs that antigen F-1 is localized on the surface of the cell wall and in bacterial microcapsules. The substance of the microcapsule is loosely bound with the cell body and easily diffuses into the intercellular space, the antigenic properties of the substance remaining unchanged. PMID- 6624314 TI - [Protective action of a vaccine made from Salmonella minnesota R 595 in the intranasal infection of mice with P. aeruginosa]. AB - The comparative study of heated corpuscular vaccines prepared from S. minnesota mutant R 595, chemotype Re, from S. minnesota strain SF 1111 with defective lipopolysaccharide and from P. aeruginosa strain PA 103 has been carried out. The vaccine prepared from the chemotype Re mutant, in contrast to the vaccine prepared from S. minnesota strain SF 1111, has been found to induce the development of active immunity (and the corresponding antiserum, passive immunity) to P. aeruginosa introduced intranasally into mice, as well as to stimulate the elimination of the cells of P. aeruginosa infective strain from the lungs of the mice. The potency of the vaccine prepared from the chemotype Re mutant has been found to be significantly no different from that of the vaccine prepared from P. aeruginosa strain PA 103. PMID- 6624315 TI - [Succinate dehydrogenase activity in tissue cultures of embryonic brain treated with leponex]. AB - Using the method of quantitative spectrophotometry, the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) was studied. A tendency toward increased SDH activity in the whole culture (including all elements) was established. No significant differences in SDH activity between astrocyte-like cells with discrete and monolithic mitochondria were detected. PMID- 6624316 TI - [Development of capillaries in the human brain]. AB - The development of capillaries in auditory, motor and visual areas of the cortex in males (ranging in age from 6-8 months of embryonic development to 60-80 years) was studied, using Gomory's method of alkaline phosphatase activity assessment and electron microscopy. It was found that cerebral capillaries formation continues in the course of man's entire life. It is noteworthy that the rate of capillary growth decreases with age, this feature being particularly prominent by the age of 60 to 80 years. PMID- 6624317 TI - [Selectivity of cerebral neuronal lesions in atherosclerosis]. AB - Clinical, histological and biochemical studies of the brain in 100 cases of atherosclerosis with relatively similar intensity of changes in the cerebral vascular walls (over 50% of the intima surface being impaired) were carried out. Correlation of the corresponding parameters in groups of diseases differing by their clinical picture permitted the author to ascertain that the selective vulnerability of the cortical neurons in the cerebral hemispheres is dependent on both the intensity of their physiological activity and on the nature of lipid metabolism disorders secondary to dystrophic processes. PMID- 6624318 TI - [Role of lesions of the major arteries of the head in disorders of hemostasis and the rheologic properties of the blood]. AB - The authors studied the process of platelet and erythrocyte aggregation in blood passing through a special chamber designed to simulate an intact vessel and a vessel which is either stenosed or pathologically convoluted. Aggregate formation was shown to be dramatically increased in simulating a part of a vessel with an altered geometrical pattern of the blood flow, with the increase being more pronounced when the blood from patients with cerebral dyshemias was applied. It was found that in patients with cerebral infarction, the antiaggregate activity of the blood passing through the internal carotid arteries on the affected side was lower than in other sections of the blood stream. The importance of identified regularities in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular diseases is discussed. PMID- 6624319 TI - [Lacunar infarct--special form of focal vascular pathology of the brain in arterial hypertension]. AB - Lacunar infarctions were studied morphologically in 22 subjects who died of a cerebral hemorrhage associated with arterial hypertension. It has been established that lacunar infarctions developed in the intracerebral arteries 100 500 microns in diameter. Narrowing or obliteration of these arteries are brought about by the changes associated with arterial hypertension. An analysis of clinical and computer-tomographic data obtained from 32 patients with lacunar infarction showed that characteristic of these patients were the following features: 1) elevated arterial pressure, often without any cephalgia; 2) gradually developing (over a period of several hours or days) focal neurologic symptomatology; 3) the absence of either higher cortical dysfunctions or psychopathologic symptomatology with infarctions localized in the left or the right cerebral hemisphere respectively; and 4) considerable recovery of impaired functions. PMID- 6624321 TI - [Formulation of clinical and pathomorphologic diagnoses in stroke]. AB - The new principle of diagnosing acute brain blood supply damages is proposed after critical revision of modern wording and clinicopathological comparison of diagnoses in patients with brain stroke. Brain stroke (the type and localization of the brain damage) is proposed to be included into "the underlying disease" notion along with pathological process underlying the brain catastrophe but not to be considered as after-effect of the underlying disease. The revision recommended corresponds with the International Classification of Diseases and Death Causes. PMID- 6624320 TI - [Differential diagnosis of severe forms of cerebral infarct (clinico echoencephalographic and pathomorphologic study)]. AB - Clinical, echoelectroencephalographic and pathomorphological study in 73 patients with grave ischemic insult in arteria cerebralis media region was performed. Brain infarctions caused by thrombosis were characterized by small M-echo displacement 12 hours after process beginning followed by displacement increase in 3-4 days. Brain infarctions caused by thromboembolic process were characterized by small M-echo displacement 6 hours after accident with subsequent fast increase of displacement till mean or great values in the second half of the first day. Supratentorial brain infarctions not connected with thrombosis were not accompanied by M-echo displacement. PMID- 6624322 TI - [Rheologic properties and quantitative spectrum of blood prostaglandins in hypertensive patients]. AB - Eighty males with various stages of essential hypertension and 20 practically healthy individuals were included in this study designed to examine their platelet aggregation properties and blood viscosity and to determine the levels of prostaglandins E and F. On the basis of the results obtained, new aspects of the pathogenesis of essential hypertension were ascertained. The pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the development of hypertensive crises and other complications of hypertension are reviewed in the light of possible PG involvement. PMID- 6624323 TI - [Clinico-morphologic analysis of oligophrenia of an exogenous nature]. AB - Fifteen patients with oligophrenia (6 men and 9 women) who died at the age of 21 to 65 years were studied clinically and morphologically. Two groups were identified: 1) oligophrenia complicated by the convulsive syndrome (8 observations) and 2) oligophrenia without the above syndrome (7 observations). The first group was characterized by gross morphological signs of cerebral dysontogenic disorders and by more pronounced mental retardation. In the second group, cerebral dysontogenic disorders were expressed to a lesser degree; in some cases only at a microscopic level. Despite the differences in the nature and severity of clinical and morphological manifestations of this disease, prenatal impairment of brain development seemed to be a linking element in all the cases under study. The morphological characteristics obtained are suggestive of the exogenic nature of the oligophrenic forms studied. PMID- 6624324 TI - [Pathomorphologic changes in the brain in alcoholic delirium]. AB - Pathomorphologic examination of the brain in alcoholic delirium was carried out. Comparison was made between the changes in the brain of patients who died at the height of delirium and those of patients who died suddenly in the postdelirium state. The pathomorphologic picture of the brain in alcoholic delirium may be defined as chronic toxico-dyscirculatory encephalopathy aggravated by acute toxic and dyshemic changes. The latter were largely attributed to the delirium state per se. The characteristic features of the cases studied included considerable depletion of the cortical cells, chronic dystrophic changes in the neurons and gliocytes, and also chronic impairments of vascular wall permeability aggravated by marked acute pathologic phenomena in the microcirculatory vessels. PMID- 6624325 TI - [Morphology of the brain and heart in alcoholic psychoses]. AB - The authors studied the brain and heart of 40 patients (30 males and 10 females) who were hospitalized with the clinical diagnosis of alcoholic delirium, Gaye Wernike's encephalopathy, and acute alcoholic intoxication due to chronic alcoholism. The morphological alterations in the brain and heart were as follows: compromised vascular permeability, dystrophic changes in the neurons and cardiomyocytes, proliferative reaction of microgliocytes and the development of small cardiosclerosis. Such disorders can be defined as an exacerbation of chronic alcoholic encephalopathy and cardiomyodystrophy. Alcoholic damage to the heart seems to be one of the additional factors that disrupt cerebral hemodynamics which results in hypoxia of the cerebral tissue and is accompanied by impairment of the central regulation of cardiac activity and progression of cerebral changes, i. e. the pathological process develops according to the vicious circle principle. PMID- 6624326 TI - [Ultrastructural reorganization of components of the hemato- and cerebrospinal fluid-encephalic barriers following transcranial micropolarization]. AB - It has been established that transcranial micropolarization causes ultrastructural changes in the intracerebral components of the blood- and CSF brain barriers. The changes observed in the electron density of the limiting and basal membranes, edema of the processes, changes in the vascular endothelium and in the intercellular fissures of the brain are characterized by a reactive rather than a destructive character. An assumption is discussed that an increase in barrier permeability can be explained by the influence of micropolarization, which may in turn lead to altered properties in the cerebral internal medium itself. Transcranial microdepolarization is recommended for correcting the physiological processes in the brain and for altering the permeability of the blood- and CSF-brain barriers. PMID- 6624327 TI - [Possibility of the development of cellular structures on the surface of a vascular plexus demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy]. AB - Using scanning electron microscopy, possible ways of the appearance of macrophages on the epithelial surface of the cerebral vascular plexus in rats were studied. The data obtained support the theory which postulates that macrophages are formed in the blood flow or the connective tissue and that subsequently they penetrate through the epithelium of the vascular plexus onto its surface having contact of the cerebrospinal fluid. The structural stages of this process are also reflected in the presented findings. PMID- 6624328 TI - [Morphologic criteria of the structural asymmetry of the cortical and subcortical structures of the human brain]. AB - Using a cytoarchitectonic and quantitative methods, the authors investigated the structural organization of Fields 4, 6, 8, 39, 40, 43, 46, 47, caudate and dorsomedial nuclei of the tuber cinereum in the right and the left cerebral hemispheres in a grown-up right-handed man. With the help of electron computers definite parameters of neurons in the cortex (layers III and V) and in the subcortical nuclei were determined. The material obtained was statistically processed. Morphological criteria of the structural organization of the above listed formations were identified. These included indicators of the total volumetric fraction of neurons and glia, profile fields of neurons, and the neuronal composition. Structural asymmetry was revealed, with the left hemisphere being dominant in the logomotor and motor fields. There were no signs of structural asymmetry in either the frontal and parietal fields or in the subcortical formations. The interpretation of the results obtained is attempted. PMID- 6624329 TI - [Lymphocytes in the human brain]. AB - There are different concepts of the role of lymphocytes in the brain of schizophrenics available in the literature (they are considered as manifestations of encephalitis or as an allergic reaction, etc.). Autopsy of 350 schizophrenics and 16 mentally healthy subjects who died at the age of 15 to 87 years revealed the constant (nearly in 90 percent of the cases) presence of sparse segmentary clusters of small lymphocytes in the adventitial vessels in the medulla oblongata irrespective of the death causes. The biological role of lymphocytes in the brain is discussed, particularly, in terms of immunologic tolerance manifestations. PMID- 6624331 TI - [Ultrastructural aspects of acute cerebral ischemia during nootropil administration (experimental study)]. AB - Electron microscopy of the sensomotor cortex in 27 rats was performed at varying times (1, 3, 7 days) after arteria carotis communis occlusion. Three groups of rats (5 rats in every group) were treated by nootropil (500 mg/kg daily) in accordance with three time intervals. Control rats were undrugged. More preserved were neurons in the brain of rats treated by nootropil. Neuronal organelles had rare signs of irreversible damages. Membranes were more often preserved, organelles fragmentation and vacuolization were less pronounced. The experimental rats showed neurons containing numerous ribosomes and small new-formed mitochondria. The difference in neuronal structure in treated and untreated rats became more distinct 3-7 days after occlusion. The results obtained are suggested to be connected with the drug ability to normalize ATP metabolism, to stimulate phospholipid synthesis and ribosome function and to increase glucose utilization. The problem of using GABA derivatives in conditions of the most acute brain ischemia is discussed. PMID- 6624330 TI - [Mechanisms of pathologic and recuperative processes in brain tissue cells in the postischemic period according to an electron-cytochemical analysis of nuclear chromatin and ribonucleoproteins]. AB - A pattern of changes in chromatin and ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles occurring in different cells of the cerebral cortex in rats during the first 30 days of the postischemic period was studied by an electron cytochemical method. It was shown that the pathological conditions of cells were occasioned by changes in the nuclear synthesis of RNA and by disruption of its nucleocytoplasmic transport. Characteristic features of the time course of changes in nuclear chromatin on the one hand and of the relationship between various RNP particles in hypo- and hyperchromic neurons, glial cells and blood carrying capillaries on the other explain some of the mechanisms of their heterogeneous sensitivity to hypoxia. The recovery, first, of RNA synthesis and, secondly, of its transport into the cytoplasm represents the first stage of reparative changes. PMID- 6624332 TI - [Allotransplantation of embryonic brain tissue into the brains of adult mammals during hypoxic hypoxia]. AB - In order to simulate some manifestations of nervous system pathologies in humans and to examine the feasibility of normalizing the status of cerebral neurons in the case of their reversible dystrophy, cortical tissue from the brain hemispheres of rat embryos was transplanted into the parietal region of the brain in mature Wistar rats which had been previously exposed to hypoxic hypoxia. Hypoxia caused dystrophy, irreversible degeneration (shrinking and lysis) and death of large numbers of neurons in the cortex of the large hemispheres. The transplanted embryonic cerebral tissue developed into the normal nerve and glial cells in the brain of all the recipients. These cells established close morphological bonding with the adjacent nerve tissue of the hosts, which was accompanied by improvement in the state of neurons affected by reversible dystrophy. PMID- 6624333 TI - [Ultrastructural localization of lactate dehydrogenase activity in the brain cells of human embryos]. AB - Results of studying the ultrastructural localization of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the brain neuroectodermal cells of 7-11-week-old human embryos are presented. Young neurons and glioblasts display marked LDH activity. The reaction product is more frequently found in young neurons as compared to glioblasts. The number of active glial cells grows with embryonic development. The use of different incubation media makes it possible to differentiate the LDH-associated activity from the activity of succinate dehydrogenase, which oxidizes the endogenous tissue substrate. LDH is localized in mitochondria and hyaloplasm, while the activity in the plasma membranes and lamellar structures (detected by the ferrocyanide method) is largely related to succinate dehydrogenase functioning. PMID- 6624334 TI - [Use of portable biotechnological feedback devices in a system of active rehabilitative therapy in patients with post-stroke movement disorders]. AB - The authors present an adaptive biotraining technique employing automatic portable devices designed for post-stroke patients with secondary motor disturbances. The principal feasibility of a directed central reorganization and formation of new motoric skills in post-stroke patients with the paresis of upper extremities is demonstrated. The principles of correcting motor disturbances, developed for this cohort of patients, have enabled the authors to theoretically substantiate and introduce into clinical practice this effective method of functional therapy based on the active mobilization of brain reserves. PMID- 6624335 TI - [Genetic aspects of cerebral atherosclerosis and lipid metabolism]. AB - The results of investigations on the incidence of cerebral atherosclerosis and the distribution of lipid levels in the general population and among the first kin relatives of probands with cerebral atherosclerosis (CA) are presented. The correlation revealed between the signs under study showed them to be genetically determined. In 47.6% of cases, predisposition to CA was determined by genes regulating the level of triglycerides and in only 25%, by genes monitoring the level of cholesterol. The values of genetic correlations between the predisposition to CA and the level of individual classes of lipids are accounted for by the presence of genes displaying a pleiotropic effect on pair signs. PMID- 6624336 TI - [Clinico-physiologic features of the initial manifestations of incomplete blood filling of the cerebral circulation in young and middle-age cerebral atherosclerosis patients]. AB - A combined study of the function of the central nervous system was carried out in 250 young and middle-aged patients (40-59 years) presenting initial clinical manifestations of cerebral vascular atherosclerosis. The age of the subjects allowed the authors to conditionally refer them to a group of patients with early cerebral atherosclerosis (ECA). The cerebral bloodflow was studied by examining such parameters as 133Xe clearance, functional REG, EEG, orientation reaction and visual evoked potentials: the findings obtained made it possible to specify the role of hemodynamic disorders in the formation of neurologic defect at this stage of the disease. The data presented point to a considerable acceleration of the aging process in patients with ECA, i.e., the so-called premature aging, manifested in the fact that such patients appear to be 10-15 years older than their age as judged by many age parameters. The authors recommend wider application of functional methods for the examination of the nervous system and hemodynamics aimed at determining the orientation and tactics of therapeutic and prophylactic measures with a view of preventing the progression and complications of the disease. PMID- 6624337 TI - [Status of cerebral capillary circulation during ischemia with barbiturate protection]. AB - Experiments on 78 albino rats with ligated common carotid arteries were carried out to study the effect of a barbiturate agent (barbamil) administered in a dose of 150 mg/kg of animal body weight on cerebral capillary circulation at different terms of ischemia (1, 3 hours, 1, 3, 7, 14 days). The findings obtained during follow-up point to a beneficial effect of the barbiturate on the structures of the capillary wall (endotheliocytes, pericytes, basal membrane). Furthermore, the drug appears to maintain the capillary lumen and the normal level of capillary permeability, which contributes to the improvement of microcirculation in ischemia. The paper also describes some ultrastructural mechanisms of the decrease and stabilization of the cerebral capillary blood flow under the barbiturate impact due to endothelial synapses blockade, inhibition of vasoconstrictive mechanisms and stabilization of the membrane structures of the capillary network. PMID- 6624338 TI - [Comparative characteristics of the effectiveness of antiaggregant and anticoagulation therapy of ischemic stroke]. AB - The efficacy of antiaggregate versus anticoagulant therapy administered in the acute period of ischemic stroke was compared, with such factors as the incidence and nature of side effects also taken into account. Antiaggregates were found to be as effective as anticoagulation therapy which, in some instances, renders the latter unnecessary. PMID- 6624339 TI - [Informational value of rheoencephalography in functional headaches]. AB - Using the method of rheoencephalography 182 children aged 8 to 16 years and suffering from functional headaches were examined. With regard to the clinical criteria they were divided into two groups: patients with migraine, and those with vasomotor headache. The control group consisted of 345 clinically healthy children of the same age. The standardized program included examinations in the prone, sedentary, and standing positions, as well as after hyperventilation and the orthostatic test (up to 10 minutes). Because of the wide range of the scatter of the amplitude parameters intraindividual relative values were calculated that reflected the vascular system response to hyperventilation and orthostasis. In the group of children with the vasomotor headaches the curve parameters differed substantially from the respective parameters found in the control group, and in some parameters there were also differences from the migraine group. During the intervals between the headache attacks, the differences in the parameters between the migraine and control groups were less distinct. The two forms of the headache can be differentiated with the aid of functional rheoencephalography. PMID- 6624340 TI - [Determination of the thermotopography of the hand using a thermograph and liquid crystals in children with injuries of the median and ulnar nerves]. AB - Wrist thermotopography in children with injured median and ulnar nerves, carried out with the help of a thermograph and liquid crystals, makes it possible to diagnose a type of the injury and to elaborate indicators for surgical treatment. The use of the dibasol test allows a better identification of zones with different degrees of sensitivity impairment. The application of liquid crystals offers an opportunity for detecting neglected injuries of finger nerves in children. PMID- 6624342 TI - [Various aspects of morbidity and the organization of neurologic services]. AB - The author has carried out a statistical analysis of the incidence of nervous system diseases among the adult population of the city of Kamenets-Podolsky (the Ukraine). The analysis was based on the data presented by the central city hospital for a period of 5 years. The place of the nervous system diseases in tre structure of the general morbidity, as well as changes in the number of disease cases revealed for the first time are determined. Factors causing an increase or decrease of the incidence of some acute and chronic nervous diseases are shown. The importance of sanitary hygienic, therapeutic and prophylactic measures for the organization of the neurological aid to the city population, as wall as the effect of these measures on the decrease of the nervous disease incidence are demonstrated. PMID- 6624341 TI - [Device for treating vertebrogenic lumbosacral radiculitis by the spinal traction method]. AB - The results of treating 262 patients with vertebrogenic lumbosacral radiculitis are presented. The treatment was carried out with the help of a special device designed for stretching the spine. PMID- 6624343 TI - [Changes in the nervous system in amyloidosis]. AB - The author investigated different areas of the nervous system in five cases of primary and in seven cases of secondary amyloidosis--rheumatoid arthritis accompanied by amyloidosis. In nine out of the 12 cases studied, amyloid was found in the vascular walls and in the stroma of the peripheral, somatic and vegetative nervous system, by using light, polarization, fluorescent and electron microscopy. In cases of rheumatoid arthritis, apart from amyloid deposits, the connective tissue and vascular walls exhibited mucoid swelling, fibrinoid alterations and sclerosis, i.e., stages of the pathological process which are characteristic of this disease in particular and of collagen diseases in general. PMID- 6624344 TI - [Echoencephalographic indices in healthy children and age]. AB - Five hundred and ninety-three healthy children and teenagers aged 2 to 20 years were studied echoencephalographically. Cranial anthropometry was also performed. Mean values of echoencephalographic findings for each age group were identified. These indices may be used in the future as a normal baseline helpful in the diagnosis of intracranial pathology. The age-related dynamic changes of the following parameters were examined: distances to the median complex (M-echo), echo-signal from the lateral ventricle opposite to the hemisphere being studied (ventricle echo--B-echo) to the final complex, as well as the width of ventricle III and the ventricular index. Age-associated correlation between echoencephalographic and anthropometric parameters was elucidated. PMID- 6624345 TI - [Analysis of the structure of the depressive triad as a diagnostic and prognostic indicator]. AB - In order to ascertain the diagnostic and prognostic importance of the structure of the depressive triad, the authors conducted a clinical psychopathologic study of 173 patients (88 males and 85 females) with depressions (manic-depressive psychosis, schizophrenia, residual-organic and vascular cerebral impairments, psychogenic depression). An analysis of the structure of the depressive triad was made based on the concept of heterogeneity of the depressive affect, with such acknowledged major components as melancholy, anxiety, and apathy. Depending on the nature of the leading elementary affect, three types of the depressive triad were identified, namely, melancholy, anxiety and apathy depressive triads. According to the criterion of qualitative and quantitative correlation between the triad components (ideational and motor) and the leading affect, harmonic, disharmonic and dissociated variants were identified within every type. The regular features of the time-course of the triad were established: from the initial stages to the over picture and then to the reduction of depression. These regularities were characterized by definite nosological preference, and may be helpful in the differential diagnosis and also be used as predictors of a protracted course of depression. PMID- 6624346 TI - [Anorexia nervosa as a manifestation of endogenous depression in puberty]. AB - Possible interrelation between anorexia nervosa and affective pathology is discussed. The authors present an analysis of clinical observations where the anorexia nervosa syndrome was developing in the presence of endogenous circulatory depression. It is noted that in some cases of latent depression, this syndrome may present the most prominent feature in the clinical picture of the disease, which makes its diagnosis and treatment rather difficult. Differential diagnostic signs permitting the differentiation between "depressive" anorexia nervosa and its other nosologic variants are discussed. PMID- 6624347 TI - [Symptomatology of circular depression and prediction of the efficacy of treatment with tricyclic antidepressants]. AB - The problem of efficacy prediction for psychopharmacotherapy of depressions is of considerable interest and urgency in view of frequently occurring resistance to antidepressants. The purpose of the present study was to study the feasibility of predicting the effectiveness of depression therapy in manic-depressive psychosis (MDP), based on the cross-sectional analysis of the patient's history (the clinical picture of the patient's condition prior to therapy) with the help of multivariate statistics. Eighty-two patients suffering from MDP with a variety of depressive states were examined. In addition to traditional descriptions, the clinical findings were documented by employing a system of standard evaluation scales. The data obtained were processed using the technique of multiple stepwise discriminant analysis. The latter resulted in the derivation of a mathematical prognostic formula allowing the prediction of tricyclic antidepressants efficacy. PMID- 6624348 TI - [Early dysfunctional states in histories of schizophrenic patients]. AB - Altogether 255 patients with slow-progressive schizophrenia were examined, the mean time of follow up studies being 5.7 years. Premorbid anamnesis of the 93 patients showed different dysfunctional states (psychopathologic, neurologic or somatovegetative of transient character). As regards the structure and development these disorders were not related to the disease that followed. The character of the dysfunctional states, progress of the disease, syndromic manifestations during active period and marked negative changes during the remission seemed to be linked. In patients with early dysfunctional states, the disease ran a more favourable course. Greater severity, systemic character as well as symptomatic features marked early dysfunctional states in patients with schizophrenia as compared to those seen in neurotic patients. Early dysfunctional states are assumed to be a manifestation of instability of the functional systems as a result of their concealed reconstruction during latent disease stage. PMID- 6624349 TI - [Clinico-physiologic analysis of sleep disorders among patients with borderline states]. AB - In patients with an anxious syndrome of the neurotic genesis, complaints of sssleep disorders correlate with the clinical pattern of asthenic disturbances and objective changes in the sleep character (a reduction in delta-leep, frequent awakenings). In cases of hysterical neuroses, there is a dissociation between the intact structure of sleep and the absence of asthenic symptomatology on the one hand and complaints of marked sleep disturbances on the other. In cases of neurosis-like schizophrenia despite a reduction in delta-sleep, asthenic symptomatology is almost absent and complaints of sleep problems are rather formal in nature. The pathogenesis of sleep disorders in neurotic patients, including the role of anxiety in objective sleep pattern alternations, is discussed. A hypothesis relating the specific characteristics of thought to a diminished need for delta-leep in schizophrenics is proposed. PMID- 6624350 TI - [Various indices of mental deficiencies in patients with chronic circulatory disorders in the vertebrobasilar system]. AB - Using clinical procedures and psychological tests, the authors studied intellectual and emotional characteristics in 75 patients with nonpsychotic forms of psychic pathology caused by chronic circulatory insufficiency in the vertebro basilar system. Psychic disorders in such patients included asthenic, astheno depressive and neurasthenic symptom-complexes. Their intellectual abilities were somewhat decreased and psychic activity was lowered. However, poor self-esteem and a low level of ambitions observed in such patients resulted in subjective underestimation of their intellectual potential which should be taken into account while determining the degree of their working ability and elaborating therapeutic and socio-readaptation measures. PMID- 6624351 TI - [Interrelation between indices of the progression of alcoholism and various premorbid factors]. AB - A clinical study of 720 alcoholic patients was performed. The material obtained was statistically processed by correlation analysis in order to investigate the relationship between the disease progression and some premorbid factors. Indices of alcoholism progression included qualitative assessment of progression, duration of regular alcohol consumption and the length of disease stages, as well as the patients' age at the time of alcoholism formation and at the initiation of treatment. Such premorbid factors as certain personality types and social orientations in the premorbid period showed the closest correlation with progression indices. There was some correlation, though less pronounced, with some factors of the stage of regular alcohol consumption, especially with family members' attitudes toward the studied person's alcohol abuse and the kind of alcoholic drinks consumed. PMID- 6624353 TI - [Clinico-physiologic evaluation of the viability of the brain as an organ in segmental lesions of the brain stem]. AB - Segmental lesions of the brain stem with the dissociation syndrome may prevail in the clinical picture of the disease in neurosurgical patients with total cerebral hypoxia as well as with primary or secondary local lesions of the stem. Coarse segmental lesions of the stem, which are often not associated with total affection of the brain, lead to death of the brain as an organ in functionally preserved structures above and below the level of dissociation. PMID- 6624352 TI - [Role of the abstinence syndrome in the development of alcoholic encephalopathy]. AB - Using the complement fixation test cerebral antibodies were examined in the blood serum of 389 patients with alcoholism (Stage II). Patients with the alcoholic abstinence syndrome and those with acute psychoses of the abstinence period tended to display such antibodies significantly more frequently than the control group. This evidence points to a destructive organic (encephalopathic) nature of pathologic process in both cases. The use of acupuncture in controlling the abstinence syndrome is substantiated pathogenetically. PMID- 6624354 TI - [Embolization of branches of the external carotid artery in nosebleeds complicating Rendu-Osler-Weber disease]. AB - Eleven cases with severe nasal hemorrhage caused by diseases of the vascular system (Rendu-Osler-Weber disease) are analysed. The results of angiography in patients with this pathological condition and the angiographic picture of changes in the branches of the maxillary artery which caused bleeding are described. The emergency therapeutic measures in severe epistaxis and the methods of surgical treatment are discussed. Twenty-five endovascular operations were performed. The authors demonstrated the possibility of superselective catheterization of the external carotid artery branches with subsequent embolization in arresting severe bleeding from the nose in hemorrhagic angiomatosis. PMID- 6624356 TI - [Myelography in midline hernias of lumbar intervertebral disks]. AB - The results of Dimerix myelography in 42 patients with median Schmorl's bodies in the lumbar segment were studied. Total or partial obstruction of the vertebral canal on one or two levels was a distinguishing X-ray sign in this group of patients. The clinical picture and the myelographic signs of Schmorl's bodies were compared with the operative findings. Depending on the size of the herniation, the patients were subjected to wide laminectomy, hemilaminectomy, but mainly to bilateral fenestration on one or two levels. The results of myelography were confirmed during operation. PMID- 6624355 TI - [Ventricular drainage in acute intracranial hypertension in patients with severe craniocerebral injuries]. AB - The results of intracranial pressure measurement and different methods of draining the ventricles of the brain in severe craniocerebral injury are analysed. The authors examined 30 patients who had been operated on for intracranial hematomas and contusion of the brain. The importance of intracranial pressure gradients in the genesis of dislocation processes is emphasized. It is recommended that drainage of the ventricles of the brain is performed under continuous control of the intracranial pressure in both hemispheres. PMID- 6624357 TI - [Pathogenetic aspects of heart failure in spinal shock]. AB - The structural shifts occurring in the myocardium after injury to the spinal cord were studied in detail in rat and dog experiments and on autopsy material. It was found that the trigger mechanism in the pathological condition of the cardiac cells was their increased permeability associated with the effect of an excessive amount of catecholamines on the myocardium, which led to their overloading with calcium and the development of "calcium" necroses. The role of the DIVC (dissociated intravascular coagulation)-syndrome and focal metabolic damage of the myocardium in the thanatogenesis of acute spinal-cord injury was determined. PMID- 6624358 TI - [Nerve regeneration after defect replacement by fresh, degenerated, frozen and irradiated allotransplants (experimental study)]. AB - The authors studied the results of allotransplantation of fresh, frozen, preliminarily degenerated and irradiated, and stored in a nutrient medium under deep-freeze conditions nerve segments. Satisfactory results were registered only in transplantation of irradiated transplants. Evidence of this was provided by morphologic and electrophysiologic data and by microangiograms of their arterial network. PMID- 6624359 TI - [Brain stem auditory evoked potentials in tumors of the posterior parts of the 3d ventricle and pineal gland]. AB - Dynamic studies (one to six times) of stem generated potentials (SGP) to acoustic stimulation were conducted in 32 patients with tumors of the posterior parts of the third ventricle and the pineal gland. In tumors of this localization, the SGP underwent pathological changes in 90% of cases: the response latency increased, its amplitude reduced more or less coarsely (even to complete abaissement of the peaks), and the time intervals between the peaks increased. Dynamic studies of SGP to acoustic stimulation may help the surgeon in making the diagnosis and prove valuable in appraising the functional state of the stem structures in the postoperative period. PMID- 6624360 TI - Identification of the isozymes of glutathione transferase induced by trans stilbene oxide. PMID- 6624361 TI - Glutathione transferases in rat testis. PMID- 6624362 TI - Concentration of plasma thyroglobulin and urinary excretion of iodinated material in the diagnosis of thyroid disorders in congenital hypothyroidism. AB - In this paper we describe methods for the early aetiological diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism, using beside the classical T4, T3 and TSH plasma concentrations, four additional parameters in plasma and urine. The first one is thyroglobulin (Tg). In normal children of more than one year of age and in adults, 5-35 ng/ml plasma is found, in neonates 2-3 weeks old, this level is 10 250 ng/ml. In patients with a stimulated thyroid gland, as in primary congenital hypothyroidism, plasma Tg levels increase. High Tg values are found in iodine deficiency and in organification defects. In the absence of the thyroid gland plasma Tg is undetectable. Low to normal levels are found in cases with hypoplasia of the gland. In patients with a disturbed synthesis of Tg, resulting in Tg deficiency of the gland, plasma Tg levels vary from undetectable to normal. The PBI-T4 plasma difference, which is caused by circulating abnormal iodoproteins is the second parameter. The products of thyroidal breakdown processes of the abnormal iodoproteins are excreted in the urine and used as the third parameter. We found that the excretion of this low molecular weight iodinated material (LOMWIOM) was increased only in Tg-deficient patients. If the neonate is found to be hypothyroid, thyroid hormone substitution must be given immediately. Blood and urine sampling can be done just before or even directly after starting the therapy. The measurements extended with the determination of the total iodine excretion (fourth parameter) can be carried out within 1 week. With these additional methods it appeared to be possible to distinguish between several types of congenital hypothyroidism in neonates found by screening. PMID- 6624363 TI - Thyroid autoimmunity in hyperprolactinaemic disorders. PMID- 6624364 TI - Relations between thyroid function, hepatic and lipoprotein lipase activities, and plasma lipoprotein concentrations. AB - Lipoprotein concentrations and activities of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) were measured in 70 subjects with thyroid function ranging from overt hypothyroidism over subclinical hypothyroidism and euthyroidism to hyperthyroidism. In parallel with serum T3 (S-T3) concentrations increasing from low in hypothyroidism to high in hyperthyroidism there were gradually higher HL activities over the full spectrum of thyroid function, accompanied by decreasing levels of total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was lower (P less than 0.05) in hyperthyroidism than in euthyroidism but not significantly changed in the hypothyroid groups. HL was correlated to S-T3 (r = 0.77, P less than 0.001), LDL cholesterol to log S-T3 (r = -0.76, P less than 0.001), and LDL cholesterol to log HL (r = -0.55, P less than 0.001). The activity of LPL was decreased (P less than 0.001) in overt hypothyroidism compared to euthyroidism but, in contrast to HL, the activity of LPL was not increased in hyperthyroidism. The plasma triglyceride (P-TG) concentration was elevated (P less than 0.01) in overt hypothyroidism but not significantly changed in subclinical hypothyroidism or in hyperthyroidism. The LPL activity was correlated to log S-T3 (r = 0.45, P less than 0.001), P-TG to log S-T3 (r = -0.37, P less than 0.01) and P-TG to log LPL activity (r = -0.71, P less than 0.001). Our results demonstrate that thyroid hormones influence HL and LPL activities in different ways, suggesting different mechanisms of action. Changes in HL activity seem to be an important mechanism for the disturbance of cholesterol metabolism in thyroid dysfunction while the thyroid hormone influence on LPL seems to be of importance mainly for the disturbance in triglyceride metabolism. PMID- 6624365 TI - [Autoimmunity factor in chronic gastritis: incidence of antiparietal cell antibodies and their relation to antral histology and basal blood gastrins]. AB - In 118 patients with histological proven chronic gastritis, was performed a study of seric antibodies against parietal cells (ACCP), following the indirect inmuno fluorescence method. The results were positives in 36 cases (30%). Four positives cases were found in 40 normal controls (10%), two of them were compensated diabetics, one have the thyrohyoid Hashimoto's disease, and the remainder, brother of a patient with chronic gastritis, was a positive ACCP. A major positiveness (44.4%) was obtained in 9 cases of gastric atrophy than in 65 cases with atrophic gastritis (32%) and in 44 cases of superficial gastritis (25%); although due to the few cases of gastric atrophy regarding other histological types, conclusions cannot be obtained about the incidence of ACCP and histological variety of chronic gastritis. If we do group the patients according to their acid secretory debit, 53 achlorhydric patients had a positiveness of ACCP of 45%, while over 63 with decreased secretory capability, only 18.4%, was positive. The distribution by age groups, shows a major incidence of ACCP about the 4th and 5th decade of life. Thirty seven patients with chronic atrophic gastritis and achlorhydria, and seven with chronic superficial gastritis and hypochlorhydria, besides the antibodies study were on a basal dosage of gastrinemia and antral endoscopic biopsy, finding out that, achlorhydric patients (15 on 19) with normal or slightly altered antrus, have gastrinemia (222 +/- 123 Pgo/oo) and the majority of patients with normal gastrinemia (32 +/- 16 pgo/oo) have more important antral lesions. The ratio between antral histology and ACCP in auto--immune gastritis (Type A), conciliates only partially with the observation by Strickland et al., as only 52.4% of achlorhydric patients and ACCP have a normal antrus or al least with mild lesions. Our results suggest the possibility of that on auto--immune gastritis could act other pathogenic factors of antral lesion. PMID- 6624366 TI - [Gastric cancer. 11 years' experience in 8,304 endoscopic studies performed]. AB - 8.304 patients have been examined endoscopically in a period of time of eleven years. We found 412 with gastric cancer, a 4.96% of the total research. In 1970 we had the upper point with 8.71% and the lower point with 3.14%, in 1980. The 89.56% were advanced gastric cancer and the 1.95% were early gastric cancer. According to Borrmann classification, from advanced gastric cancer, 18 were mixed types. Because of technics reasons or lost controls, in 8.49% of the cases the real origin, could not be confirmed. In our hospital, between 1970 and 1980. We have found a diminution of the incidence of cancer. PMID- 6624367 TI - [Evaluation of conventional hepatic scintigraphy as a diagnostic method]. AB - The usefulness of liver scintiscann and its correlation with final diagnosis was evaluated in a retrospective study of 195 patients with suspected hepatic disease. It was found that the overall sensitivity and specificity were 83% and 61%, respectively. These data are in accordance with other previously described. The highest diagnostic accuracy was found in diffuse and focal hepatocellular disease. Multifocal disease group showed the highest false negative interpretations. The role of the factors affecting our results is discussed. PMID- 6624368 TI - [Pseudotumor of the bile duct: its diagnosis by fine-needle percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography]. AB - Three patients with jaundice are presented. One was erroneously diagnosed as a biliary tumor because of the image in the percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. When he was operated upon, it was found a chronic pancreatitis. Two other patients exhibited in the first sequences of the percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography an obstruction of the common hepatic duct; this diagnosis was corrected rotating the patients 360 degrees on the X-ray table. With this procedure the existence of choledocolithiasis was demonstrated. Finally, the author presents the case of a patient in whom some cholangiographic sequences induced a diagnostic error, because of the scant opaque media injected. PMID- 6624369 TI - [Primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with ulcerative colitis]. AB - The authors report a patient with a primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with ulcerative colitis. There are comments on the histopathology and evolution of the illness. The patient has recovered from the chronic inflammatory bowel disease in a satisfactory way, however it seems that the primary sclerosing cholangitis it way apart from the colopaty. PMID- 6624370 TI - [Nodular focal hyperplasia with unusual characteristics. Apropos of a case]. AB - Nodular focal hyperplasia is a rare hepatic disease that occasionally is found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Felty syndrome, the CRST syndrome, and so on. May be confused with cirrhosis; histologic evaluation of liver biopsy material is essential for diagnosis. Certain drugs should be considered as possible ethiologic factors. PMID- 6624371 TI - [The esophagus, its motility and receptors]. PMID- 6624373 TI - Congenital anomalies in twins in Aberdeen and Northeast Scotland. AB - Data with regard to the proportion of congenital malformations found at birth are presented from a survey of 657 pairs of twins of known zygosity and placentation delivered in Aberdeen and Northeast Scotland between 1968 and 1979. There was an excess of malformed individuals from monozygotic (MZ) pairs, but this did not reach statistical significance. The possible effect of monochorionic placentation in the causation of malformations in MZ twins in general is discussed. It seems that this type of placentation may be of less causative importance than has been previously suggested. PMID- 6624372 TI - [Round table: Chronic autoimmune hepatitis]. PMID- 6624374 TI - Brain weight of Danish children. A forensic material. AB - Medico-legal data are presented on 995 child deaths, 361 girls and 634 boys aged 0-18 years, whose brains were weighed at the time of autopsy using a standardized weighing technique (the brains were weighed before fixation, immediately after entire removal; the medulla oblongata was divided in the foramen magnum). From the results it appears that the brain weights are greater than those reported in a previously published series. This may be ascribed to a higher degree of oedema and a shorter duration of illness, or an absence of illness; another explanation may be related to a difference in origin. It should be remembered that post mortem brain weights exceed the ante-mortem weights by up to 9%. The greater part of brain growth is completed by the end of the 2nd year of life, and thereafter the brain weight in girls is on the average a little lower than that in boys. No significant differences in brain weights are found in the various groups of causes of death; the brain weights in the group of sudden, unexpected infant deaths especially do not deviate from those in the other groups. PMID- 6624375 TI - Investigation of articular cartilage surface morphology with a semiquantitative scanning electron microscopic method. AB - A semiquantitative scanning electron microscopic method for analysis of the articular cartilage surface morphology was developed. The method was based on a survey of large picture montages (ca. 70 X 100 cm) and classification of the cartilage surface changes at three levels. Computer technique was utilized in the analysis. The method ensured numerical expression and statistical treatment of the results. With this method we investigated the effects of physical exercise and immobilization on the articular cartilage of rabbit patella. PMID- 6624376 TI - Distribution of carboxylic esterases in the telencephalon and diencephalon of a microchiropteran bat (Taphozous melanopogon Temminck). AB - The contribution deals with the histoenzymological makeup of telencephalon and diencephalon of a microchiropteran bat which is considered to have a primitive type of brain. Three esterases, namely acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and nonspecific esterase (NSE), have been studied. In comparison with other mammalian brains the telencephalon and diencephalon of the bat demonstrate a high concentration of enzyme, especially in the nucleus caudatus and putamen, stria medullaris and the nuclei of the thalamus. AChE concentration is higher in neurons, while BChE is seen in almost all fibrous areas of the telencephalon and diencephalon. NSE activity is prominent in neurons and neuropil of neocortex, thalamus and hypothalamus. All the above data indicate that the brain of echolocating microchiropteran bats is metabolically much more active than that of other mammals. This is specifically true of the auditory system which is considerably specialized in these animals; this is also confirmed by the present histoenzymological study. PMID- 6624377 TI - Postnatal development of the thyroid gland in the opossum (Didelphis virginiana). AB - Thyroid lobes of the newborn opossum consist of small epithelial cords or plates, the constituent cells of which are joined by tight junctions and surround a minute lumen that courses throughout the length of each cord. Occasional cells, not directly associated with the lumina of the cords, show central nuclei and clusters of small electron-dense granules: these may represent parafollicular cells at an early state of development. By the end of the 1st week after birth, parafollicular cells are well established and appear as groups between the epithelial cords and as scattered individual cells within the cords. Growth of the thyroid occurs as the cords continue to elongate and branch. 11 days after birth, thyroid development in the opossum corresponds morphologically to that of eutherians just prior to birth. Primary follicles are present near the periphery of the thyroid lobes, having formed from evaginations of the epithelial cords. There is evidence of synthetic activity by the epithelial cells and colloid is present. Secondary follicles form as a result of evaginations from the epithelium of the primary follicles. At the end of the 2nd postnatal week, epithelial cords are no longer a prominent feature of the opossum thyroid, and the organ is now characterized by numerous, small colloid-filled follicles. As development progresses, the follicles increase in size and number and, by 35 days after birth, the thyroid shows adult features. PMID- 6624378 TI - Association of mitochondria with the plasma membrane of the acinar cells of actively secreting and nonsecreting rat lacrimal and parotid glands. AB - The distance between mitochondria and the nearest plasma membrane was measured in actively secreting and nonsecreting exocrine glands in order to determine the effect of the secretory mechanism upon mitochondrial distribution. The greatest accumulation of mitochondria was at 0.6 micron from the plasma membrane. No difference was noted in mitochondrial distribution of actively secreting, untreated and atropine-treated animals. There was also no difference in mitochondrial distribution of lacrimal and parotid acinar cells. The possible physiological significance of this observation is discussed. PMID- 6624380 TI - [Morphological studies of the so-called Adachi's C-type brachial plexus. 1. Constitution of the plexus]. PMID- 6624379 TI - [Spinal nerves of the female shark (Mustelus manazo) innervating the abdominal pterygial region of the body trunk and their comparison with the nerves to the abdomen and tail]. PMID- 6624381 TI - [Existence of true enamel on tooth plate in the lungfish Lepidosiren paradoxa]. PMID- 6624383 TI - Annulate lamellae in prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas. AB - Electron-microscopic examination revealed the presence of annulate lamellae in four of five prolactinomas. All the patients examined were 24--30-year-old women who had suffered from amenorrhea and galactorrhea for 3-5 years. Serum levels of prolactin were 114--4,700 ng/ml. The tumors removed by a transsphenoidal approach were 4-23 mm in diameter and showed the ultrastructural features of sparsely granulated prolactinoma. Analysis in correlation with clinical and laboratory data revealed that the annulate lamellae were found in rapidly growing prolactinomas. This is the fifth report on pituitary adenomas with annulate lamellae. PMID- 6624382 TI - The kinetics of human glioblastomas maintained in an organ culture system. An in vitro autoradiographic study. PMID- 6624384 TI - Alexander's disease: further light-, and electron-microscopic observations. AB - The neuropathologic and ophthalmopathologic findings in a 5 3/4-year-old boy with Alexander's disease are reported. Light- and electron-microscopic and immunohistochemical studies revealed that (1) the granular osmiophilic deposits (GOD) in Alexander's disease accumulate mainly in astrocytic processes to form Rosenthal fibers, (2) the Bergmann glia are different in this regard and accumulate the deposits primarily in their perikarya, (3) the Muller cells of retina (which closely resemble astrocytes) do not accumulate GOD, (4) the deposits are also not present in other glial cells and glial-like cells such as pituicytes and pineocytes, (5) the deposits are sparse in the retrobulbar optic nerves, and (6) the peroxidase-antiperoxidase and immunofluorescence studies do not demonstrate glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), albumin, immunoglobulins, or fibrinogen in the astrocytic deposits. The different deposition of GOD in various cytoplasmic regions of astrocytes in different areas of central nervous system (CNS) suggests that astrocyte metabolism may not be uniform throughout the brain. Attention to this point may prove helpful in understanding the pathogenesis of the deposits in Alexander's disease. The absence of immunohistochemically demonstrable plasma proteins and GFAP in the astrocytic GOD indicates that the latter have an origin different from plasma proteins and glial filaments. Alternatively, the deposits may be derived from these proteins, but their antigenicity has since been altered. PMID- 6624385 TI - Cerebral ischemia in the rat: ultrastructural and morphometric analysis of synapses in stratum radiatum of the hippocampal CA-1 region. AB - A 10-min long ischemic insult followed by up to 60-min survival results in several changes of the synaptic ultrastructure in the hippocampal CA-1 region. The alternations consist of gradual change of synaptic curvature from neutral to positive, cleavage and decrease in thickness of the postsynaptic densities and, in the case of many terminals, wrinkling of their profiles. The most striking form of damage are membrane discontinuities which begin to appear in very small numbers after 20 min of blood reflow and become much more pronounced after 60 min. The development of those modifications seems to be time-related, whereas decrease in the number of synaptic vesicles, as shown by the morphometric analysis, occurs after 10 min and does not progress any further after 20 and 60 min. This decrease is most pronounced in the immediate vicinity of the presynaptic membrane. Although the observed signs of ultrastructural alternations of synapses in the postischemic period appear to conform to the general pattern of synaptic degeneration observed under other conditions, the severity of ischemia is underlined with the rate at which those changes develop, thus pointing toward grossly disturbed metabolism of postischemic neurons. Recently, a number of theories have been advanced, discussing significance of ischemic destruction of membrane phospholipids. These theories are discussed in the context of membrane discontinuities reported in this investigation. PMID- 6624386 TI - Intraneural injection of lymphocytes in experimental allergic neuritis. AB - Passive transfer of experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) lymph node cells (LNC) by intraneural injection did not produce significant demyelination. EAN-LNC stimulated with myelin in vitro produced mild demyelination while those incubated with Concanavalin A had no effect. The lack of demyelination by unstimulated EAN LNC is in contrast to the marked demyelination produced by intraneural injection of EAN serum. The mononuclear cell infiltration and demyelination of classical EAN seem to require both cellular and humoral immune responses. PMID- 6624387 TI - Intrauterine multisystem atrophy in siblings: a new genetic syndrome? AB - A condition is described in two siblings, dying in early infancy, characterized by an extreme degree of cerebellar hypoplasia, hypoplasia or atrophy of the brain stem with partial preservation of cranial and spinal nerve nuclei, total degeneration of basal ganglia and thalamus, laminar atrophy of the cerebral cortex, and accumulation of sudanophil lipid in astrocytes and macrophages of the hemispheric white matter. It is suggested that this condition, possibly inherited as an autosomal recessive, may represent a progressive multisystem atrophy occurring in utero, affecting various parts of the neuraxis in different stages in their development. PMID- 6624388 TI - Dialysis myopathy. Report of 13 cases. AB - Thirteen patients hemodialyzed for chronic renal insufficiency developed progressive paresis of the proximal musculature. Biopsies of the deltoid muscles of ten patients showed selective atrophy of type 2 fibers, the cause of which seems to be related to the osteomalacia present in those patients. Purification of the water for dialysis prior to the procedure prevents the muscle alteration: however, once the lesion is established only renal transplant will permit recovery of the muscle strength of the patient. PMID- 6624389 TI - Morphological feedback effect on the nucleoli of the neurons in the nucleus arcuatus (infundibularis) to hypophyseal hypogonadism in juvenile haemochromatosis. AB - Case report of a man of 22 with juvenile haemochromatosis and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. There is evidence of siderosis of the basophil cells of the hypophysis, atrophy of the testicles with disappearance of leydig cells and alterations in the nucleoli of the neurones with enlargement, vacuolation and multiplication limited to the nucleus arcuatus tuberis. The nucleolar changes in this hypothalamic centre are interpreted as a feedback effect. They are comparable to matching alterations in the hypertrophy of the nucleus subventricularis (Sheehan and Kovacs 1966) in post-partum hypopituitarism. PMID- 6624390 TI - Endometrial foam cells. Non-estrogenic and estrogenic. AB - Four patients with endometrial foam cells are described. In one the endometrium was obtained after parturition. It showed decidua and endometritis, whereas in the second patient, who had received birth control medication in the past, the endometrium was proliferative. In both cases there was a considerable amount of endometrial hemorrhage. The foam cells in these two patients had little granularity, and their cytoplasm contained hemosiderin. The other two patients received exogenous estrogen and presented with endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma. In these latter cases the foam cells were more granular, and contained no hemosiderin. Our findings confirm the presence of two types of histologically similar endometrial foam cell: a histiocytic, "non-estrogenic" reactive type capable of phagocytosis, and a stromal, "estrogenic" non-phagocytic type which is associated with hyperplasia or carcinoma and which may also be related to estrogen administration. Staining for hemosiderin may be particularly helpful in differentiating between the two types of foam cell. Such a differentiation is of practical importance because of the biologic significance attached to the "estrogenic" foam-cells which are usually indicative of endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma. PMID- 6624391 TI - Corpus luteum insufficiency as a cause of nidatory failure. PMID- 6624392 TI - Sickle cell diseases and hormonal contraception. AB - The available data on the use of oral contraceptive agents in patients with sickle cell diseases is reviewed. The attitude which considers sickle cell anemia to be a contra-indication to OC's cannot be supported on the basis of available evidence. On the contrary, there are a number of reports where favorable effects of steroids on 'sickling' have been described. It is concluded that modern low dose combined OC's are the method of choice for contraception in all patients carrying the HbS gene. PMID- 6624393 TI - The ability of ultrasound to determine the time for harvesting preovulatory oocytes. PMID- 6624394 TI - The diagnostic value of serum copper/zinc ratio in gynecological tumors. AB - Serum copper levels (SCu) and serum zinc levels (SZn) were determined on admission in 73 women hospitalized for suspected gynecological tumor. Twenty-five of the women were subsequently found to have malignant tumor, while 48 had benign growths. The serum Cu/Zn ratio of the malignant group (2.13 +/- 0.53) was significantly (p less than 0.001) higher than that of the benign group (1.45 +/- 0.25). A good correlation was established between the Cu/Zn ratio and the stage of the malignant tumor. Serum copper level showed a linear correlation (R = 0.878) with serum ceruloplasmin values. These results indicate that the serum Cu/Zn ratio may be used as a valuable predictor of the presence of malignant gynecological tumor and its stage. PMID- 6624395 TI - Levels of ampicillin and doxycycline in human oviduct mucosa and serum. AB - A common treatment for salpingitis today includes ampicillin (AMPI) and doxycycline (DC), the former against Neisseria gonorrhoeae and the latter against Chlamydia trachomatis. The concentrations of doxycycline in oviduct mucosa were found about equal to that of serum and well above the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC's) for the bacteriae in question. The concentration of AMPI in the oviduct mucosa was only about 1/40 of that in serum, i.e. 1/10 of the MIC, which jeopardizes the effectivity of AMPI in the treatment of salpingitis. PMID- 6624396 TI - Feto-maternal plasma oxytocin levels in normal and anencephalic pregnancies. AB - In 4 women with anencephalic fetuses, the oxytocin level was measured in the maternal plasma in the second stage of labor and in the umbilical artery (UA) and umbilical vein (UV) by radioimmunoassay (RIA). In these cases, the mean maternal OT level was 13.4 +/- 8.0 microU/ml (mean +/- S.E.), which was not significantly different from the OT levels in cases of normal spontaneous birth and elective cesarean section. The UA and UV plasma OT levels in these cases were below the detectable level (less than 2 microU/ml), whereas in normal spontaneous births, they were 18.2 +/- 4.9 microU/ml and 12.2 +/- 2.3 microU/ml, respectively. The OT level in the UA was higher than that in the UV. There was no difference between the mean OT levels in patients with, versus those without contractions, but the plasma OT levels in the second stage of labor were higher than those in the first stage. In normal pregnancies the plasma OT concentration increased during parturition. These results suggest that placental transfer of maternal plasma OT to the fetal circulation is limited, and that in cases of anencephalic fetuses, maternal labor does not necessarily require fetal OT as a trigger or for its maintenance. PMID- 6624397 TI - Incidence and diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis associated with pregnancy. AB - The incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), diagnosed by ascending phlebography, has been calculated retrospectively in a group of 14 869 obstetrical patients. The incidence was calculated to 0.13 per thousand antepartum and 0.61 per thousand postpartum. The study revealed that clinical signs and symptoms of thrombosis are very unreliable in pregnant women but more reliable in puerperal women. It is concluded that objective diagnosis of thrombosis is important in pregnant women, and ascending phlebography is a rewarding objective method to use in pregnant women. PMID- 6624398 TI - Colpotomy drainage of pelvic abscesses. AB - Retrospectively the records of 155 patients with an acute pelvic abscess who were treated by colpotomy drainage were studied. The more aggressive management, i.e. surgery, is to be preferred and the vaginal approach gives good results. The complications and morbidity in this series were very low and the mortality less than 1%. The procedure itself is simple and requires no special skill or great experience. PMID- 6624399 TI - Cellular morphometric analysis of the postmenopausal endometrium during treatment with percutaneous estradiol-17 beta with and without oral gestagen. AB - The effects of percutaneous estradiol-17 beta 3 mg daily on the postmenopausal endometrium were quantified by morphometric analysis during 6 months of cyclic replacement therapy. A marked cellular response was recorded, together with increased serum levels of estradiol-17 beta and a satisfactory therapeutic effect. Glandular epithelial cells and nuclei proved to be the most sensitive markers for the estrogenic effect, with profile areas increasing 80% and 65% respectively, whereas stromal cell nuclei showed a weaker response. In the women investigated, no correlation was found between individual cell growth and estrogen level. The increase in mean cellular profile areas was quite similar in women taking lynestrenol 5 mg daily for the last 10 days of each treatment cycle, as compared with those receiving unopposed estrogen. A 10-day gestagen supplementation was found too short to reduce the estrogen-induced growth. PMID- 6624400 TI - Vaginal cleansing at vacuum aspiration abortion does not reduce the risk of postoperative infection. AB - Does a thorough vaginal cleansing with bactericidal solutions prior to induced first-trimester vacuum aspiration abortion reduce the frequency of postabortal pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)? To answer this question we compared the frequency of PID in 372 women where a thorough preoperative vaginal cleansing with a bactericidal solution was undertaken at abortion with that in 350 women where the upper part of the vagina was swabbed with a pad moistened with a 0.9% saline solution. A postoperative PID was recorded in 25 (6.7%) of the former women and in 23 (6.6%) of the latter women. PMID- 6624402 TI - Systemic interferon alpha treatment of human condylomata acuminata. PMID- 6624401 TI - Campylobacter enteritis associated with recurrent abortions in agammaglobulinemia. AB - Campylobacter enteritis and habitual abortions occurred in a 28-year-old patient suffering from agammaglobulinemia. Campylobacter jejuni has been recently recognized to be a common treatable cause of diarrhea in man. Since bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine is increased in hypo- or agammaglobulinemia, Campylobacter is expected to be found in those patients. As this patient's abortions might have been due to the same infection, Campylobacter should be considered in the differential diagnosis of habitual abortions, especially if associated with diarrheal disease. This treatable disease must be sought in every case of agammaglobulinemia and gastro-intestinal complaints, before complicated diagnostic procedures are performed or potentially toxic drugs are administered. PMID- 6624403 TI - Macular hole and retinal detachment. AB - Within a 4-year period 6 eyes with a macular hole and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (1.7% of all rhegmatogenous detachments) were operated on. In 2 eyes no other retinal tears were found, 4 eyes showed additional peripheral tears. Three eyes were myopic (-3.75 to -9.0 D) and one was aphakic. All but one eye were encircled, 3 eyes had a peripheral radial plomb and another 3 had a macular sling procedure using a silastic sponge explant in addition. Cryotherapy was applied on the macular hole in one eye and photocoagulation in one eye. In 5 of the 6 cases the retina reattached. The silastic sponge sling resulted in shallow indentation and caused little distortion at the macula. Coagulation of the macular hole seemed to be unnecessary. PMID- 6624404 TI - Reactive lesions at the chorio-retinal junction. An experimental study. AB - Addition of increased amounts of serum and a protein (peroxidase from horseradish) to the culture medium caused structural alterations in previously confluent cultures composed of cells from the human retinal pigment epithelium and choroid. The alterations consisted in the formation of bi- and multi-layered strands, plaques and nodular structures and in the detachment of cells with formation of nude areas. These alterations resemble the frequently observed reactive alterations at the chorio-retinal junction in eyes with inflammation, trauma, retinal detachment and certain degenerative disease processes as the senile disciform macula degeneration. PMID- 6624405 TI - Cataract extraction in the 'nineties'. AB - A total of 55 cataract extractions were performed on 53 patients aged 90 years or more in the period 1972 to 1982. Assessment of the outcome was based on data from hospital records and on questionnaires to the patient's ophthalmologist and general practitioner. Cataract surgery had improved visual acuity in 42 patients. Only 25 patients (47%) could, however, utilize the improved visual acuity, and obtain some practical benefit from the cataract extraction. Thus, the benefits of cataract surgery seem to be reduced in this age group. The reasons appear to be a high frequency of severe macula degeneration, some degree of senility hindering the adaptation to aphakic spectacles, and a somewhat higher frequency of per- and post-operative complications. This suggests that indications for cataract surgery in very old patients should be limited, at least if rehabilitation with aphakic spectacles is planned. An earlier surgical intervention would probably have been advantageous in the majority of these patients. PMID- 6624406 TI - Epidemiologic aspects of cataract surgery. II: Regional variation in frequencies. AB - A large data source was examined to determine age and sex specific cataract extraction rates in different counties and urbanization areas in Denmark. Significant regional variation in surgical rates could be demonstrated in spite of a comprehensive Public Health Service System. When comparing rates in different urbanization areas and in towns with and without ophthalmologists, we found the lowest surgical rates in areas or towns short of ophthalmic service. However, a direct correlation could not be found between standard operation ratio and ophthalmic surgeon/ophthalmic bed supply on county level. The reason might be that cataract extraction rates are influenced by a number of other factors, as cataract extraction has become an elective surgical procedure. PMID- 6624408 TI - Incidence of myopia in a population of Finnish school children. AB - Vision defects due to myopia typically appear during the school years. The comprehensive surveillance system of vision impairments in school children (ages 7 to 15 years) in the township of Kuopio, Finland (pop. 74 200) offers an opportunity to study the incidence of school myopia. In the school year 1980-81 out of 9635 school children 1383 (14%) had eye problems and were referred to the Community Health Center ophthalmologist (the author) for examination. Of the children who came for the first time to an eye examination 252 were found myopic. This gives an incidence of 2.6% per year. The incidence in different age groups as well as for boys and girls was calculated. From the cumulative prevalences it was estimated that about 23% of the school children would be myopic at the age of 15 years. PMID- 6624407 TI - Epidemiologic aspects of cataract surgery. III: Frequencies of diabetes and glaucoma in a cataract population. AB - A Danish data source was examined to determine age and sex specific rates of diabetes and glaucoma in a large cataract extracted population. Comparisons with population rates were done. An excess prevalence of diabetes in the cataract population below 70 years was found. For cataract extracted males and females below the age of 40 years, the diabetes prevalence was 15 to 25 times the prevalence in a general population. This prevalence excess decreases with age to normal levels at 75 years of age. Furthermore, we found higher relative frequencies of diabetes among cataract extracted females than among males. Mean age at time of surgery was significantly lower for the diabetic cataract patients. Also for primary glaucoma, an excess prevalence was found in the cataract population. For cataract extracted males and females aged 40 to 49 years the glaucoma frequency was 4-5 times the frequency in a general population. This excess relative frequency decreases with age. The glaucomatous cataract patients have a higher mean age at the time of cataract surgery. A large number of factors seems to contribute to the excess frequencies of diabetes and glaucoma found in the cataract extracted population. PMID- 6624409 TI - Accommodation as the primary cause of low-luminance myopia. Experimental evidence. AB - Low-luminance myopia of subjects with one normal eye and one aphakic eye was measured with a laser optometer. Low-luminance myopia was registered in the normal eyes, but no such myopia could be found in the aphakic eyes. The same subjects' aphakic eyes were further tested with miotic and dilated pupils. Miosis or mydriasis did not significantly alter the results as compared with measurements obtained with normal pupil size. These results would appear to be the first direct experimental evidence that accommodation is the primary cause of low-luminance myopia. PMID- 6624411 TI - A clinical study of the association between thickness and curvature of the central cornea. AB - The right eye of 105 healthy subjects aged 14-48 years were examined. The mean central corneal thickness was 0.532 mm. The mean horizontal and vertical radius of central anterior corneal curvature was 7.86 mm and 7.66 mm, respectively. The results indicated that some weak, positive association probably exists between the thickness and curvature of the central cornea, the coefficient of regression between the 2 parameters being about 1.5. Thus a thick cornea tends to be slightly flatter than a thin cornea. PMID- 6624410 TI - Effects of amblyopia therapy on contrast sensitivity as reflected in the visuogram. AB - A quantitative evaluation of the Cambridge amblyopia treatment on contrast sensitivity was performed for 2 groups, one comprising 11 children with strabismic amblyopia (S) and another of 10 children with combined strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia (S & A). Contrast sensitivity deficits were expressed in dB CSL (Contrast Seeing Level) in relation to normal sensitivity of the same age group and represented in the form of visuograms. Mean contrast sensitivity losses in dB CSL were estimated within the low, medium and high spatial frequency ranges, as well as over the total frequency band. On an average S & A amblyopia was found to affect contrast sensitivity of all spatial frequencies, while S amblyopia affected mainly the higher frequency band, but to a smaller extent. After therapy average contrast sensitivity improved for both S and S & A groups, and reached the same, subnormal levels. The relation between highest resolvable spatial frequency (according to our method) and Snellen acuity was different for the 2 amblyopia groups. No correlation was found between improvements in contrast sensitivity and Snellen acuity, which is why both parameters should be estimated. PMID- 6624412 TI - The central corneal thickness in patients with Horner's syndrome. AB - In 14 patients with unilateral Horner's syndrome there was a significant increase in central corneal thickness on the affected side (mean difference 4.86 micron +/ SEM 1.71 micron; P less than 0.02). It is suggested that the sympathetic nerve supply of the eye is of importance for corneal hydration. Different possible mechanisms are discussed. Among the investigated patients no permanent ocular hypotonia or hyperaemia was found. On slit-lamp investigation there was no corneal change. The corneal sensitivity was equal on both sides. PMID- 6624413 TI - Amiodarone induced cornea verticillata. AB - Among 30 patients (17 men, 46-76 years and 13 women, 15-70 years), treated with the antiarrhythmic drug amiodarone, 21 patients (11 men and 10 women) developed bilateral cornea verticillata. Total doses up to 494 g had been given and the duration of therapy was up to 113 weeks. In 14 patients samples of 50 microliters tear fluid were analyzed for aminodarone. No amiodarone was present in the tears at low serum concentrations but a rapid increase in tear concentrations was seen at serum values above 1.2 micrograms/ml (P less than 0.001). The grade of cornea verticillata was significantly correlated to total dose as well as to duration of treatment (P less than or equal to 0.001). On the day of examination at the eye clinic there was no significant correlation between se-amiodarone, tear amiodarone concentration and the grade of cornea verticillata. One patient complained of coloured haloes. None had decreased visual acuity, fundus changes, cataract, exophthalmus, increased intraocular pressure, abnormal colour vision, or abnormal central corneal thickness, which could be attributed to the treatment of amiodarone. PMID- 6624414 TI - Episcleral and subconjunctival lipid deposits. One year follow-up. AB - A series of 39 subjects, aged under 70, had the numbers of lipid globules counted in the slit lamp within 4 regions of the right eye and 4 regions of the left. The counting was repeated after an averaged period of 12 months (range 7-20 months). The investigation disclosed that the number of lipid globules rises. No instances were detected of a fall in their number, allowance being made for errors of measurement, assessed on the basis of blind double counting. The degeneration is not positively correlated to xanthelasma, diabetes mellitus, or presenile arcus. PMID- 6624415 TI - Prevalence of episcleral and subconjunctival lipid deposits in Eskimos. AB - Slit lamp examinations of 340 Eskimos in Greenland revealed lipid deposits in 12%. The prevalence was significantly lower than in a Copenhagen series of Caucasians (45% out of 689 subjects) recorded for 10-year age groups. The numbers of lipid deposits seemed to be equal in lipid-positive subjects of the 2 ethnic groups, but the globules were more often localized temporally and more rarely superiorly in Eskimos than in Caucasians. The relatively rare occurrence of lipid deposits in Eskimos may possibly be due to the special composition of lipids on the blood and the rare occurrence of arteriosclerosis in Eskimos. PMID- 6624416 TI - [Innervation of the patella]. PMID- 6624417 TI - [Patellar stress. Pathogenic hypothesis of femoropatellar arthritis]. PMID- 6624418 TI - [Patellar syndromes in children]. PMID- 6624419 TI - [Patellar centering by complete division of the quadriceps tendon. Technic and late results]. PMID- 6624420 TI - Traumatic luxation of the proximal tibiofibular joint, superior variety. A case report. PMID- 6624421 TI - The Austin Moore prosthesis. A long-term follow-up. PMID- 6624422 TI - The aging of polymethyl methacrylate bone cement. PMID- 6624423 TI - Congenital hypothyroidism and changes in the enamel of deciduous teeth. AB - Deciduous teeth from children with congenital hypothyroidism were collected and ground sections were prepared. The sections were analysed by means of polarized light and microradiography. The enamel in ground sections of deciduous teeth from children with congenital hypothyroidism showed an increase in areas with elevated pore volume distribution in both the pre- and postnatal enamel. The findings suggest that thyroid hormone influences enamel maturation. Further, alterations in enamel structure, presumably due to prenatal thyroid deficiency, were found to be more common among children with neurological abnormalities at the age of 7 to 9 years. PMID- 6624424 TI - Blood pressure in Swedish school children. AB - Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured in 1642 Swedish school children aged 12, 14, or 16 years. They represented 71% of all children in these age groups in the municipality where the investigation was done. The blood pressure was measured with an automatic, oscillometric blood pressure monitor. The systolic blood pressure increased significantly with age in both sexes. Boys aged 14 or 16 years had significantly higher systolic blood pressure than girls of the same ages. PMID- 6624425 TI - Tracking of blood pressures in diabetic children. AB - Repeated blood pressure measurements in 127 diabetic children, obtained at intervals of 6 months, were studied. Tracking of measurements described by the correlation between repeated observations of systolic blood pressure showed highest degree of tracking between consecutive measurements (0.38-0.76), while there was a lower degree of tracking between measurements at longer time intervals, and lower degree of tracking in the observations of diastolic blood pressure than of systolic blood pressure. After adjustment for changes in height and weight, the tracking correlations are slightly smaller on the whole. The tracking correlations are generally rather small and repeated measurements of blood pressure are necessary. PMID- 6624426 TI - Deficiency of neutrophil phagocytosis in premature infants: effect of vitamin E supplementation. AB - In 20 healthy premature infants, 10 of whom were administered a total dose of 120 mg/kg vitamin E intramuscularly during the first 13 days after birth, polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) bactericidal activity, frequency and index of phagocytosis, NBT reduction, random movement, chemotaxis and metabolic activity were evaluated within the first 48 hours and again at 5, 14 and 30 days of age. PMN function was also assessed in 30 adult controls. In the treated and untreated infants no differences were found in PMN function before treatment with vitamin E; however phagocytosis, bactericidal activity and chemotaxis were significantly lower than in the adult controls. At 5 days of age, in the untreated infants both index and frequency of phagocytosis remained low but in the treated groups increased significantly. At 14 and 30 days phagocytosis was normal in both treated and untreated infants. No differences were found in the bactericidal activity, NBT reduction, random movement, chemotaxis or metabolic activity of the treated and untreated infants at the ages studied. This preliminary report suggests that vitamin E may be used in premature newborns for accelerating normalization of phagocytic function in the neonatal period. PMID- 6624427 TI - Effects of an antenatal load of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) on the blood oxygen affinity and prolactin levels in newborn infants and their mothers. AB - The effects of a loading dose of pyridoxine (100 mg) given intramuscularly or per os to 24 earlier non-supplemented pregnant women at term was investigated. The in vitro oxygen affinity (P50) and the prolactin level in both maternal and newborn blood was sampled. The blood P50 values were measured by a variant of "mixing method". Blood prolactin levels were determined by RIA. After pyridoxine administration, the maternal P50 values increased moderately and the newborns' cord blood P50 values increased significantly when compared with the control group's (number of cases 12) values. The decrease of blood oxygen affinity was most pronounced in the supplemented groups in newborns' capillary blood at the age of five days. The pyridoxine supplementation had no effect on the maternal and the newborns' cord blood prolactin level or on the daily amount of breast milk. Pyridoxine supplementation of the mother at labour may influence favourably the oxygen transport function of the newborn's blood and it may be especially advantageous in early postnatal adaptation disturbances of newborns. PMID- 6624428 TI - Xerophthalmia in urban Bangladesh. Implications for vitamin A deficiency preventive strategies. AB - Eight per cent of children attending a nutrition unit in urban Bangladesh had the eye signs and symptoms of vitamin A deficiency. About 1 in 10 of children with xerophthalmia and moderate-to-severe protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) had corneal involvement (X2,X3A/B): seasonal variation in prevalence was striking. Xerophthalmia was commonest in the 2-3 years age group and was associated with gastro-enteritis and measles. Breast feeding rates were low for PEM children with or without xerophthalmia. Poverty and overall shortage of food are the common denominators for both PEM and xerophthalmia. Effective vitamin A deficiency preventive strategies in urban Bangladesh will need, therefore, to include a broad range of measures such as the present limited distribution of high potency vitamin A capsules (200 000 IU) to children aged 0-6 years, food subsidies and food fortification if the most vulnerable children in the slums are to be reached. PMID- 6624429 TI - Cord blood haemoglobin, iron and ferritin status in maternal anaemia. AB - Maternal and cord blood haemoglobin, serum iron, transferrin saturation and ferritin were studied in sets of 30 anaemic (haemoglobin less than 110 g/l) and 21 nonanaemic (haemoglobin greater than or equal to 110 g/l) mothers. The cord serum iron, transferrin saturation and ferritin concentrations had significant correlation with maternal haemoglobin. The significant low levels of these parameters suggested that maternal anaemia adversely affected the iron status including iron stores of the newborns. The cord serum iron of 15.2 +/- 4.35 mumol/l and ferritin of 29.7 +/- 10.93 ng/ml seem to be effective to maintain cord haemoglobin levels. Thus, anaemic mothers with reasonably maintained ferritin and transferrin saturation levels provide sufficient iron for maintenance of cord haemoglobin, although foetal iron stores are likely to be depleted. PMID- 6624430 TI - Elevation of lipid peroxide in children treated with a combination of chemotherapeutic agents including doxorubicin. AB - The fluorometric method of Yagi was used to determine serum lipid peroxide levels in children with various types of malignancies, treated with or without doxorubicin. It was found that patients on regimens of intermittent combination chemotherapies including doxorubicin had higher levels of serum lipid peroxide and were all apparently free from cardiotoxicity. Doxorubicin was the only determinant in affecting the serum lipid peroxide value. Coenzyme Q10 given concurrently failed to reduce the elevated levels to normal. PMID- 6624431 TI - Acute poisonings of children in Oslo. A one year prospective study. AB - A one year prospective study of all children under 15 years of age presenting for acute poisoning in Oslo is reported. There were 181 admissions in 179 children, of which 97 (54%) were boys, giving an annual incidence of 2.3%. All children survived without sequelae. Most poisonings were accidental and only two suicidal attempts were recorded. Of all poisonings 68 per cent occurred between the age of 1 and 2 years. The dominating toxic agents were drugs (44%), tobacco (22%) and petroleum products (9%). Most poisonings were mild and only 7 (4%) classified as severe. Seventy-two per cent of all children were admitted within the second hour after the ingestion of the toxic agent. Therapy should therefore be directed towards emptying the stomach with emetics or gastric lavage, unless corrosives or petroleum products are ingested. Childhood poisonings still call for better preventive measures since the toxic agent was found inappropriately stored in 86% of the accidental poisonings. PMID- 6624432 TI - Micturition cystourethrography using X-ray or scintigraphy in children with reflux. AB - Thirty children with first time urinary tract infection were investigated for vesicoureteral reflux after bladder catheterization. Micturition cystourethrography with X-ray was compared to scintigraphy because scintigraphy gives less than 10% radiation dose by fluoroscopy. Reflux to the renal pelvis was observed more frequently with scintigraphy, otherwise the nosographic sensitivity and the predictive value of a negative test were about the same (0.90). Scintigraphy is therefore recommended for routine control of reflux in children. PMID- 6624433 TI - Peroral endoscopic duodenal biopsy in infants and children. AB - Peroral endoscopic duodenal biopsy was used in the diagnosis and follow-up of forty-nine infants and children with suspected small intestine disease. Their ages ranged between one month and 12 years. Fifty-four upper gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures were performed and 139 biopsies were taken. The mean procedure time was 3.2 min with a range of 1.5-5.5 min. There were no complications. Tissue adequate for histopathologic examination was obtained in all but one of the fifty-four procedures. On the basis of this experience we think that peroral endoscopic duodenal biopsy is faster, safer and as diagnostic as conventional suction biopsy in infants and children. It is also more informative when other diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract are suspected. PMID- 6624434 TI - Dog hypersensitivity in asthmatic children. A clinical study with special reference to the relationship between the exposure to dogs and the occurrence of hypersensitivity symptoms. PMID- 6624436 TI - Clinical appearance and outcome in mumps encephalitis in children. AB - Forty-one patients with mumps encephalitis examined at the Department of Paediatrics, University of Helsinki, during the period Jan. 1, 1968, to Dec. 31, 1980, were reviewed with special reference to clinical appearance and outcome. The ratio of males to females was 4:1 and the age range 1.2 to 13.7 years. The clinical findings were high fever greater than or equal to 39 degrees C in 83.0%), impairment of locomotion and balance (36.6%), seizures (24.4%), psychic disorders (22.0%), depressed level of consciousness (19.5%), vertigo (12.9%) and/or gastric pains (12.9%). One patient with congenital toxoplasma and cytomegalovirus infections died. On leaving the hospital eight were still ataxic, one of these was not able to speak and two had difficulties in concentration. One patient was transferred to another hospital because of psychosis. At the follow up examination 4 to 24 months after the onset of the disease two patients were ataxic and seven suffered from behavioural disturbances. Electroencephalography (12.2% of all and 25% of examined patients) showed generalized slow wave disturbance at follow-up in six patients and borderline disturbances in eight. PMID- 6624435 TI - Postsplenectomy infections in Danish children splenectomized 1969-1978. AB - During the 10-year period 1969-1978 456 splenectomies in children 0-15 years old were registered in Denmark. The underlying disease in 56% was traumatic splenic rupture, in 20% hereditary spherocytosis, in 13% idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and in 11% various other diseases. Three hundred and eighty-four (84%) could be followed retrospectively for a mean period of 6.2 years after splenectomy. Twenty-one (5.5%) contracted bacteraemia or meningitis, in 15 (71%) caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, and 6 (1.6%) died from the infection. The frequency of postsplenectomy infection (PSI) was lower in children with splenic rupture (2.5%) than in those with hereditary spherocytosis (4.9%), idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (11.5%) and Hodgkin's disease (13.8%). Sixteen percent of children splenectomized before the age of 4 years versus 4% above that age developed PSI. Ninety-five percent of the PSI cases occurred less than 6 years after splenectomy. The incidence of severe pneumococcal bacteraemia and pneumococcal meningitis in the splenectomized was 284 times that of non splenectomized children. PMID- 6624437 TI - Osmolality of ileal fluid contents in infants. PMID- 6624438 TI - Quantitation of a leukocyte protein (L1) in urine. PMID- 6624439 TI - De novo interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 2 in a malformed newborn with a karyotype: 46,XY,del(2)(q12q14). AB - A male neonate with severe malformations, including facial dysmorphism, a short neck, postaxial-hexadactyly of the toes, congenital heart disease, hydronephrosis, imperforate anus and agenesis of corpus callosum, is described. His karyotype was 46,XYdel(2)(q12q14). PMID- 6624440 TI - Colonic neuronal dysplasia. AB - A child with colonic neuronal dysplasia is reported in whom the whole length of the colon was involved. Multiple colonoscopic mucosal biopsies with acetylcholinesterase staining provided a useful means of assessing the extent of the lesion. Colectomy has, so far, been resisted in view of the relatively mild symptoms in a child who is otherwise thriving. The neonatal necrotising enterocolitis in this case is probably related pathogenetically to that sometimes seen in Hirschsprung's disease. Greater awareness of this condition and the more frequent use of acetylcholinesterase staining of rectal biopsy tissue will probably uncover more cases. PMID- 6624441 TI - Morphologic and radiological observations on the earliest bone marrow formation in human embryos and fetuses. AB - Morphologic and radiologic studies were undertaken on 26 human embryos and fetuses to determine the stage and site of the earliest bone marrow formation. Up to the 10th week of gestation, primary bone marrow is not present anywhere although the intramembranous ossification occurs in the maxilla and mandible and also in the middle portion of the clavicle. At the 11th week of gestation, X-ray examination showed in two fetuses the bone formation in the clavicle, scapula, maxilla, mandible, and the diaphysis of the long bones. Serial sections of these fetuses revealed that the primary bone marrow occurs first in the middle portion of the clavicle. From a series of our embryological studies, the concept of the mononuclear phagocyte system which involves the bone-marrow-derived monocytic origin of tissue macrophages, is not accepted, at least, on the origin of Kupffer cells in human fetal livers. PMID- 6624442 TI - Fine structure of hepatic sinusoids and their development in human embryos and fetuses. AB - The fine structure of the hepatic sinusoids of 81 human embryos and fetuses and their development from 5 to 12 weeks gestation were studied. At 5 weeks gestation, sinusoid-like structures and Kupffer-like cells were observed between liver cell cords. Between 6 and 8 weeks gestation the sinusoids were completely developed. Definite Kupffer cells appear at this developmental stage, when the bone marrow has not yet formed. Floating macrophages form cell aggregates in the sinusoids which contact endothelial cells and settle as Kupffer cells. Erythroblastophagia is observed in Kupffer cells and macrophages. The endothelial linings are closed, with the attenuated cell processes and intercellular junctions between the adjoining endothelial cells. No transition was observed between Kupffer cells and endothelial cells. The findings suggest that Kupffer cells in the human embryo are extrahepatic in origin and that they reach the sinusoids via the circulatory system. Ito cells, which store fat, originate from mesenchymal cells in the septum transversum. PMID- 6624444 TI - Transplacental transmission of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. A morphological study. AB - Using neonates born from experimental autoimmune myasthenic rabbits, the authors demonstrated antibodies to acetylcholine receptor (AChR) in the newborn sera. By radioimmunoassay, antibody titers of 1-day-old neonates were roughly one seventh to one ninth of the mothers. At 8 weeks postpartum, the antibody was no longer detectable. Ultrastructural observations of the intercostal muscles of the neonates revealed two types of changes. The first type was degenerative alterations in the postsynaptic membrane. The second type of change, which was morphometrically analyzed, was immaturity of postsynaptic membrane structure with underdeveloped secondary synaptic clefts. After 28 days postpartum, these changes were not visible, thereby indicating that the process is reversible as the antibody titer decreases. These results suggested the possibility that the antibody to AChR, transferred transplacentally, arrested the development of postsynaptic structure, although reversible, by blocking of the receptor sites in the end-plate. PMID- 6624443 TI - In vitro transformation of rat brain cells by adenovirus type 12. AB - Whole brain cells, taken from Sprague-Dawley rats of various ages: 13-, 14-, and 16-day fetuses, and 2- and 13-day-old animals were transformed in vitro by adenovirus type 12 (Ad. 12). Immature or dedifferentiated astrocytes (As cells), neurons, and ependymal cells could clearly be identified by conventional staining methods and scanning electron microscopy. Ependymoglioblast-like cells, oligodendrocytes, and undifferentiated cells were also recognized. Sequential observation disclosed that a probable candidate for the target of transformation by Ad. 12 might be As cell which was the most predominant cell type. The transformation rate was highest in the secondary cultures from 16-day fetuses and lowest in the secondary cultures from 13-day-old animals. PMID- 6624445 TI - Juvenile granulosa cell tumor associated with rapid distant metastases. AB - We have encountered a case of juvenile granulosa cell tumor, first described by SCULLY as a specific form of granulosa cell tumor, in a 23-year-old, nulliparous female associated with some unusual clinicopathological features. The tumor showed a diffuse or macrofollicular pattern with eosinophilic or clear, often vacuolated cytoplasm containing abundant lipid. Ultrastructures revealed features very similar to those of previously reported juvenile granulosa cell tumor. Intracytoplasmic filaments were observed, but smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulums were not evident. The patient succumbed unexpectedly rapidly due to recurrence and distant metastasis, in spite of anti-cancer therapy. It is also interesting that surprisingly high levels of estrogens as well as testosterone in both urine and serum was recorded before surgery and after the development of recurrence. PMID- 6624446 TI - Primary adenocarcinoma of the renal pelvis. Report of two cases and brief review of literature. AB - Two cases of primary adenocarcinoma of the renal pelvis are described. One patient was a 64-year-old female who had multiple papillary tumors in the right ureter and renal pelvis. The other was a 57-year-old male who had diffuse infiltrating carcinoma in the left renal pelvis with calculi. In both cases, the lining of the renal pelvis underwent columnar cell metaplasia and the tumor cells showed mucin production. Forty-six cases reported previously are reviewed briefly. The histogenesis of primary adenocarcinoma of the renal pelvis seems to be closely related to metaplasia of transitional epithelium induced by longstanding chronic inflammation or renal calculi in many cases. PMID- 6624447 TI - Morphological lesions of the pancreatic ducts. Significance of pyloric gland metaplasia in carcinogenesis of exocrine and endocrine pancreas. AB - Morphological lesions of the pancreatic ducts were studied in 113 control autopsy cases, and 84 cases of primary pancreatic carcinoma. The lesions were classified into pyloric gland metaplasia, focal pseudo-proliferation, goblet cell metaplasia, squamous metaplasia, and atypical proliferation. Diabetes mellitus or glycosuria, alcohol intake, and smoking do not seem to have any close associations with these lesions or pancreatic carcinoma. Pyloric-gland and squamous metaplasias were found at nearly comparable incidences both in control and carcinoma cases, but marked atypical proliferations, which were indistinguishable from carcinoma in situ or intraductal spreading of carcinoma, were more frequently observed in the carcinoma cases. Pyloric gland metaplasia was the most common among the various lesions, and considered to represent nonspecific change of the pancreatic duct. However, it was suggested that some of the metaplastic lesions might be transformed into atypical proliferations and further into carcinoma in situ. The expected latent period from the appearance of in situ lesion to overt pancreatic carcinoma may be a clue to early diagnosis and effective surgical treatment, but possible multiplicity of carcinoma in situ or intraductal spreading of carcinoma even at its early stage will burden further problems on its treatment. On rare occasions, argyrophil cells were found in the pyloric gland metaplasia, and its significance was discussed in relation to the genesis of Zollinger-Ellison tumor. PMID- 6624448 TI - Secondary renal oxalosis. A statistical analysis of its possible causes. AB - Various clinical and pathologic items were examined regarding renal oxalosis in 501 autopsy cases. The rubeanic acid method (Yasue) was applied to 501 kidney sections to demonstrate the presence of calcium oxalate crystals. The extent of renal oxalosis was determined by counting the black-stained crystals per 10 low power field (1.3 cm2). Thus, severe oxalosis (more than 50 crystals) was observed in 38 cases; moderate oxalosis (between 10 and 50 crystals) in 19 cases; mild (fewer than 10 crystals) in 36 cases, and no deposition in 408 cases. Acute or chronic renal failure and xylitol infusion were found to be highly correlated to renal oxalosis. Cases with diabetes mellitus, with hepatocellular degeneration, or with glucose infusion, as well as neoplasms or some other alleged causes, were found to be primarily unrelated to renal oxalosis, even though the overlapping renal insufficiency, or xylitol infusion caused some of these items to appear related. In cases with xylitol infusion, the extent of renal oxalosis was shown to be dose-dependent: No severe or moderate oxalosis was observed in cases where the total dose of infusion was less than 100 g, while in cases over 500 g, 10/24, or 44 percent, showed severe oxalosis. PMID- 6624449 TI - Atrophic gastritis induced by injection of xenogeneic stomach antigen in mice. AB - Wistar/Furth rat stomach antigen emulsified with an equal volume of Freund's complete adjuvant was subcutaneously injected into several strains of mice. Atrophy of the glandular stomach was produced in A/HeJ mice, but not in CF1, C57BL/6J or ICR/JCL mice. Atrophy of the glandular stomach was found to become most severe in 4-month-old animals. In 6-month-old mice and 12-month-old mice, atrophy was not observed. The increase in atrophy corresponds with the dose of antigen. PMID- 6624450 TI - Atypical acinar cell nodules of the human pancreas. AB - The earliest morphological evidence of altered growth potential of pancreatic acinar cells of the rats treated with carcinogen, such as azaserine, is the development of nodules of atypical acinar cells, some of which are considered to appear, eventually, as acinar cell carcinomas. On the other hand, there exist nodular lesions in the human pancreas, which are similar to atypical acinar cell nodules of the rats, in the sense of nodularity, multiplicity, size, and cytological features, such as pale cytoplasm. To clarify the plausibility of the human nodular lesions as a precursor of acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas, light and electron microscopical studies were performed, using pancreases of 115 semi-consecutive series of autopsy cases and 20 surgical cases. Multiple nodular lesions were found in 3 autopsy cases and one surgical cases. Ultrastructurally, markedly dilated cysterna of rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and intracisternal granules were the most prominent characteristics of the atypical cells of the nodules. These features are neither reported in chemically induced atypical acinar cell nodules and carcinomas nor in human acinar cell carcinomas. The human lesions were considered to be of degenerative nature rather than neoplastic. PMID- 6624452 TI - Secretory component and IgA in endometrial adenocarcinomas. An immunohistochemical study. AB - The localization of secretory component (SC) and IgA was immunohistochemically studied in 6 normal endometrium and 55 endometrial adenocarcinomas including 34 well, 11 moderately and 10 poorly differentiated ones. In normal endometrium, SC localization was found in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells and luminal contents of the gland. IgA showed similar localization of SC. Secretory phase endometrium contained proportionally larger numbers of positive cells for SC and IgA than proliferative phase endometrium. SC localization was found in all cases of well and moderately differentiated carcinomas, while it was found only in 4 cases out of 10 poorly differentiated carcinomas. IgA localization was similar to that of SC and this condition was thought to reveal the binding of IgA to SC existing in the tumor cells. The present immunohistochemical study revealed that the staining intensity of SC well correlated with the histological grade of differentiation of the tumors. PMID- 6624451 TI - Extraction of ferruginous bodies from lung tissue obtained at surgery and autopsy. Special reference to carcinoma of lung. AB - Ferruginous bodies were extracted quantitatively from 508 patients; operated 242 with lung cancer and 94 with non-lung cancer, and autopsy 51 from hepatomas, 42 from stomach cancers, and 79 from non-cancer diseases. The bodies were divided morphologically into 4 types; 2 types may be from asbestos and the other 2 types from carbon and silicate which were very rarely found. The incidence of the bodies was the highest in hepatoma 96.8, followed by lung cancer 90.8%, non-lung cancer 80%, stomach cancer 76.2%, and non-cancer 74.2% in the years 1975-1981. Distribution of count of asbestos bodies was characteristic in patients with lung cancer, i.e. the cases who had asbestos bodies above 100/5 g of wet lung were found in 36 of 242 patients with lung cancer (14.8%) who were all smokers and 15 of 266 patients with the other diseases (5.6%) with significant difference between the two groups. Moreover, out of 14 patients who had the bodies above 300/5 g of wet lung, 9 were patients with lung cancer and also smoked heavily, and remaining 5 patients with diseases other than lung cancer consisted of 2 heavy smokers, a moderate and a mild smoker, and a non-smoker. These evidences may suggest the existence of some relation between occurrence of lung cancer and low degree of asbestos exposure with addition of smoking. PMID- 6624453 TI - Polyploid mesothelial cells in pleural fluid. AB - The Feulgen-DNA content of the mesothelial cells in non-malignant pleural fluids was cytophotometrically examined on 21 autopsy cases, in 13 of which (62%) polyploid mesothelial cells with greater than tetraploid nuclear DNA content were found. In 7 the polyploid cells appeared at the rate of 6 to 14%, 6 of which had suffered from uremia or congestive cardiac failure. The appearance rate was closely related to such pleural pathologic changes as prominent edema, diffuse hemorrhage, and fibrin precipitation. The occurrence of these polyploid cells was considered to be the result of mitotic abnormalities in the affected pleural area. Since polyploid mesothelial cells are not rare in certain non-malignant pleural fluids, a trial to establish the diagnosis of malignancy based on DNA cytophotometry alone is not recommended. PMID- 6624454 TI - An ultrastructural study on periductal elastosis in human breast tumors. AB - An ultrastructural study on elastosis of human breast tumors was made with special attention to the periductal elastosis and the cell responsible for elastic fiber formation. The elastosis was found prominently in scirrhous type of duct carcinoma. In the area of mild periductal elastosis, the elastic fibers with many microfibrils and a tiny central elastin were seen around the periductal fibroblasts which were characterized by attenuated cytoplasms with aggregates of microfilaments and slightly developed rough endoplasmic reticulum. With the thickening of the periductal wall, such an area was replaced by abundant mature elastic fibers with peripheral microfibrils and a few intervening ordinary fibroblasts. Therefore, it was suggested that the periductal fibroblasts which transformed into ordinary fibroblasts during the development of elastosis were primarily concerned with the elastic fiber formation. In the interlobular tissue in which both fibroblasts and myofibroblasts were present, the elastic fibers were larger than those of the periductal area and had less microfibrils in their periphery. The relationship between microfibrils and elastin during the early elastosis, maturation process of the elastic fibers, and cell modulation of the fibroblasts in the breast elastosis were discussed. PMID- 6624455 TI - Effects of fibrinolytic treatment on rabbit Masugi nephritis. AB - We investigated the effects of administration of urokinase (UK) and trans-4 aminomethylcyclohexane carboxylic acid (t-AMCHA) on the development of experimental rabbit Masugi nephritis. Treatment with 1000 U/kg of UK, 5000 U/kg of UK and 100 mg/kg of t-AMCHA twice a day intravenously was initiated on the 7th and continued for 7 consecutive days. Concomitantly with the nephrotoxin injection, 5000 U/kg of UK was also given twice a day intravenously for 14 days. The administration of 5000 U/kg of UK twice a day for 7 days and 14 days suppressed the increases in BUN values and the decreases in urinary fibrinolytic activity. Fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) were detected more frequently in the urine of rabbits given UK than in the control. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed a decrease in intra- and extra-glomerular fibrin deposition, and a decrease in fibrin or fibrinoid deposits in Bowman's space by 5000 U/kg of UK was demonstrated electron microscopically. Light microscopy revealed that the accumulation of fibrin in glomeruli, crescent formation, and progressive glomerular disorganization by 5000 U/kg of UK were prevented. On the other hand, treatment with t-AMCHA enhanced the increase in BUN values and there was a decrease in urinary fibrinolytic activity. Dense fibrin deposits in the glomeruli, were observed immunopathologically by treatment with t AMCHA and histopathologic changes were found to be even more severe. PMID- 6624457 TI - Paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma. AB - Two cases of paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma were reported. One was a 53-year-old male, who was admitted to the Hospital because of swelling of the scrotum, hemosputa, and complete left hemiplegia. Clinical diagnosis was testicular tumor with remote metastases to lung, brain, liver, and para-aortic lymph nodes. At operation, tumor of 340 g of the paratesticular appendage was removed. Pathological findings of the tumor revealed rhabdomyosarcoma of mixed pleomorphic and embryonal types. The other was a 32-year-old male, who was admitted to the Hospital because of left inguinal and scrotal masses. The patient had a history of bruise at the left inguinal region about 5 years prior to admission. An orchiectomy and an excision of the inguinal tumor were performed. Histologically, the tumor was rhabdomyosarcoma of pleomorphic type. Clinical and pathological features of this rare tumor were discussed with a review of literature. PMID- 6624456 TI - A consideration on histopathologic variability of diffuse pleural mesothelioma based on DNA cytophotometry. AB - Nuclear DNA cytophotometry of the tumor cells was performed for an autopsy case of malignant diffuse pleural mesothelioma diagnosed histologically as a mixed type. The DNA distribution of these tumor cells confirmed bimodality, one being situated in the triploid and the other in the pentaploid DNA range, thus indicating two stemline cell populations. In the former, the majority were epithelial mesothelioma cells resembling the normal mesothelial cells. The latter were mesenchymal tumor cells with spindle and occasionally bizarre shaped nuclei. This cytophotometric data strongly suggests that the histologic variability in mesotheliomas results probably from the change in number and ploidy level of the stemline cell population accompanied by neoplastic development. PMID- 6624458 TI - Anaplastic carcinoma of the esophagus. AB - The present report includes the histological, electron microscopical and immunohistochemical findings observed in two cases of anaplastic carcinoma of the esophagus. Anaplastic carcinoma of the esophagus revealed histological features similar to oat-cell carcinoma and carcinoid. Positive argyrophil reaction, neurosecretory granules, and hormonal activity suggest that both cases come under the category of neuroendocrine cell tumors. Anaplastic carcinoma of the esophagus may be considered as a pluripotential tumor. The biological behavior of this tumor is quite different from that of carcinoid and is a highly malignant tumor. PMID- 6624459 TI - Electron microscopic observations of lymphangiosarcoma arising from chronic lymphedema. AB - Lymphangiosarcoma, so-called Stewart-Treves syndrome, originating from the edematous left leg after hysterectomy in a 53-year-old woman has been studied by light and electron microscopy. Histologically the tumor was composed of either vascular channels or solid nests of the neoplastic cells having a large hyperchromatic nucleus with a single or multiple prominent nucleoli. The inner surface of the vascular channels was lined by either single or several layers of identical cells. Erythrocytes were occasionally observed in the lumina of the vascular channels. By electron microscopy the maturation of the neoplastic cells differed considerably from one area to another even in the same section. The immature cells were clustered in groups and consisted of scanty cytoplasm and a large nucleus with prominent nucleoli, whereas some of the mature cells lining the lumina had rod-shaped tubulated bodies (Weibel-Palade bodies). Desmosomes were frequently observed between the neoplastic cells. Basal lamina was generally not continuous or not present although some vascular structures were completely surrounded by a basal lamina. An autopsy was performed but revealed no metastatic lesions in any organs or lymph nodes. PMID- 6624460 TI - Influence of bile acids on cholera toxin-induced secretion in mouse jejunum. AB - The influence of bile acids on intestinal secretion induced by cholera toxin (CT) was studied in mice. The secretion was examined in ligated loops after the bile flow had been stopped by ligation of the common bile duct (CD). Bile depletion was found to inhibit both the secretion induced by CT, the degradation of CT, and the binding of CT to epithelial cells--all of which could be restored to normal by the application, before CT challenge, of bile acids in the loops of CD-ligated mice. Out of the nine bile acids tested, cholic acid, deoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid were the most potent, their ED50 values being 0.2, 0.2, and 0.6 mM respectively. PMID- 6624461 TI - A virus-like particle associated with psoriasis. AB - Virus-like particles were demonstrated by electron microscopy of specimens from psoriatic plaques. Cell cultures established from plaques released particles, showing the morphological features of a retrovirus, for a prolonged period. The particles had a buoyant density of 1.17 g/cc and contained a surface protein of Mr 70,000 which bound to concanavalin A and therefore probably was of glycoprotein nature. A major internal protein of Mr 30,000 and two minor proteins of Mr 18,000 and 15,000 were detected. The composition of the proteins therefore resembled that of murine C-type retrovirus. Patients with psoriasis release virus like particles in their urine which have a different morphology to the particles from cell cultures. A similar difference could be observed in particles from cell cultures after treatment with normal urine. Patients with psoriatic arthritis had serum immune complexes. The complexes contained distorted particles which could not be identified as virions on a morphological basis. A radio immunoassay was performed which demonstrated common antigens in the virus-like particles isolated from psoriatic urines, immune complexes and cell cultures. PMID- 6624462 TI - Acidic methanolysis v. alkaline saponification in gas chromatographic characterization of mycobacteria: differentiation between Mycobacterium avium intracellulare and Mycobacterium gastri. AB - Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare and M.gastri were analyzed with capillary gas chromatography after each strain had been subjected to acidic methanolysis or to alkaline saponification followed by methylation. Prominent peaks of myristic, palmitoleic, palmitic, oleic, stearic and tuberculostearic acids were found in the chromatograms of both species, whereas 2-octadecanol and 2-eicosanol were detected only in M. avium-intracellulare. In initial runs, both of the derivatization principles yielded virtually identical chromatograms for a given strain. After repeated injections of extracts from alkaline saponification, however, the alcohol peaks showed pronounced tailing and finally almost disappeared from the chromatograms. This disadvantage, which was not observed when only acid methanolysis was used, could be overcome with trifluoroacetylation. Restored peak shape of the underivatized alcohols could be achieved by washing the cross-linked stationary phase in the capillary tubing with organic solvents. The study demonstrated the importance of conditions which enable separation of 2-octadecanol and 2-eicosanol when gas chromatography is used for species identification of mycobacteria. PMID- 6624464 TI - Investigation of Micrococcaceae in a department of cardiac surgery. Biochemical characterization and sensitivity patterns of strains isolated from patients, staff, and air. AB - A total of 965 strains of Micrococcaceae isolated from 200 patients, personnel, and air in a department of cardiac surgery were classified by means of Baird Parker's scheme. The majority of strains were identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) biotype 1, but S. epidermidis biotype 4 accounted for c. 25% of isolates from patients post-operatively. Pre-operative isolates were generally sensitive to most antibiotics tested while post-operative strains of coagulase-negative Micrococcaceae from patients and isolates from personnel and air were frequently multiply-resistant. Strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were sensitive or resistant only to penicillin. More patients were colonized with coagulase-negative Micrococcaceae after operation than at admission to the hospital (p less than 0.001), while the frequency of S. aureus carriers was the same before and after operation and equal to the frequency found earlier. The frequency of S. aureus carriers among the personnel, however, was lower than reported earlier (10%). Multiply-resistant strains of S. epidermidis seem to have replaced resistant strains of S. aureus as the predominant hospital saprophyte among Micrococcaceae. PMID- 6624463 TI - Further studies on the growth inhibition of some oral bacteria by xylitol. AB - The growth in Brain Heart Infusion medium containing glucose or sucrose of Streptococcus mutans strain OMZ 176, two strains of Strep. sanguis (ATCC 10556 and No. 39) and Actinomyces viscosus type ATCC 27044 was inhibited by xylitol but not by D-arabitol or ribitol. When fructose was substituted for glucose, xylitol had no growth-inhibiting effect. It was also shown that the bacteria produced less acid in the presence of xylitol, as measured by the pH of the cultures or by neutralization with alkali. PMID- 6624466 TI - [Observation on tegument damage of Schistosoma japonicum and penetration of host leukocytes into the worm body caused by pyquiton]. PMID- 6624465 TI - Note the risk for copper poisoning in sheep. AB - In institutes where sheep are used for laboratory purposes, the common use of commercial pellet food increases the risk of copper intoxication, as the mineral supplement in sheep pellets is equal to that used for cattle, and consequently too high. Therefore we strongly urge that this kind of food should be given in very restricted quantities to sheep, particularly those kept for laboratory purposes. It is also our opinion that sheep pellets with a much lower copper concentration should be commercially available. PMID- 6624467 TI - [Pharmacokinetic study of Fosfomycin]. PMID- 6624469 TI - [Studies on the methodology of QSAR--an improved stepwise regression analysis]. PMID- 6624468 TI - [Effect of pyquiton derivatives in experimental schistosomiasis japonica]. PMID- 6624470 TI - [Studies on antimalarials. III. Synthesis of 2-(substituted styryl)-4-amino pyridines]. PMID- 6624471 TI - [The isolation and structure of a sapogenin from Gua Zi Jin (Polygala japonica Houtt)]. PMID- 6624472 TI - [Action of sorbitol on the hydrolytic polymerization of ferric ions and its effect on the masking action of citric acid]. PMID- 6624473 TI - [Study on berberine ion selective electrode]. PMID- 6624474 TI - [Botanical and pharmacognostical studies of Chinese Aristolochia: resource utilization]. PMID- 6624475 TI - [Studies on the antineoplastic action and toxicity of partially synthetic harringtonine]. PMID- 6624476 TI - [Synthesis on the bisquaternary ammonium salts possessing hemicholinium-3 like moiety derived from bisphenyloxyalkanes]. PMID- 6624477 TI - [Nomograph for bio-potency assay]. PMID- 6624479 TI - Organophosphate metasystox-induced increment of lipase activity and lipid peroxidation in cerebral hemisphere: diminution of lipids in discrete areas of the rat brain. AB - The effects of the pesticide, metasystox (O,O-dimethyl-S-2 or Metasystor (ethylsulphinyl) ethylthiophosphate), on various lipid fractions in the discrete areas of the brain were studied. The daily intraperitoneal administration of 4 mg/kg body weight of metasystox for 10 days has depleted the levels of total lipids, phospholipids, cholesterol, esterified fatty acids and gangliosides in cerebral hemisphere, cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord. But the lipase and lipid peroxidation measured in the cerebral hemisphere were significantly increased. It is possible that the inhibition of the lipid levels in the discrete areas of the brain may be due to the increase activity of lipase and lipid peroxidation. PMID- 6624478 TI - Effects of phenoxyherbicides and glyphosate on the hepatic and intestinal biotransformation activities in the rat. AB - The effects of phenoxyacid herbicides 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and MCPA (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid), clofibrate, and glyphosate on hepatic and intestinal drug metabolizing enzyme activities were studied in rats intragastrically exposed for 2 weeks. The hepatic ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activity increased about 2-fold with MCPA. Both 2,4-D and MCPA increased the hepatic epoxide hydrolase activity and decreased the hepatic glutathione S transferase activity. MCPA also increased the intestinal activities of ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase and epoxide hydrolase. Glyphosate decreased the hepatic level of cytochrome P-450 and monooxygenase activities and the intestinal activity of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase. Clofibrate decreased the hepatic activities of UDPglucuronosyltransferase with p-nitrophenol or methylumbelliferone as the substrate. Also 2,4-D decreased the hepatic activity of UDPglucuronosyltransferase with p-nitrophenol as the substrate. MCPA decreased the intestinal activities of UDPglucuronosyltransferase with either p-nitrophenol or methylumbelliferone as the substrate. The results indicate that phenoxyacetic acids, especially MCPA, may have potent effects on the metabolism of xenobiotics. Glyphosate, not chemically related to phenoxyacids, seems to inhibit monooxygenases. Whether these changes are related to the toxicity of these xenobiotics remains to be clarified in further experiments. PMID- 6624480 TI - TXA2-antagonistic properties of agents affecting prostaglandin synthesis or the cyclic nucleotide system in human platelets. AB - Prostaglandins (PG) E1 and E2 as well as 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, nitroprusside, dibutyryl cyclic AMP and N-0164 inhibited platelet aggregation induced by the thromboxane (TX) A2-mimetic prostaglandin endoperoxide analogue U46619. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents - acetylsalicylic acid, indomethacin, tolfenamic acid, flumizole, nictindole and proquazone - did not demonstrate any antagonistic actions on U46619-induced aggregation at concentrations causing inhibition of prostaglandin/thromboxane synthesis dependent forms of platelet aggregation. Comparing with the effects of the different test substances on ADP-or arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation, it can be suggested that PGE2 as well as 3-isobutyl-1 methylxanthine, nitroprusside, and dibutyryl cyclic AMP are functional antagonists and N-0164 is a receptor level antagonist of TXA2 in platelets. PMID- 6624481 TI - Effect of an acute dose of ethanol on lipid peroxidation and on the activity of microsomal glutathione S-transferase in rat liver. AB - Acute ethanol administration (1.5 g/kg) to fasted rats resulted in a small but significant increase in the content of conjugated dienes in the microsomal fraction of liver. Treatment with 4-methylpyrazole prior to ethanol ingestion was able to reduce the ethanol-induced lipid peroxide formation (measured as conjugated dienes). No depletion of glutathione occurred within the first 2 hrs following ethanol administration by which time lipid peroxide formation is well established. The ethanol-induced inhibition of N-ethylmaleimide-stimulated microsomal glutathione S-transferase activity correlates positively to the concentration of conjugated dienes in the microsomal fraction of liver. PMID- 6624482 TI - Arrhythmogenic assessment of prenalterol in conscious dogs. AB - Possible arrhythmogenic side-effects of the positive inotropic agent prenalterol were studied in conscious dogs, three to four days after coronary artery ligation. Prenalterol showed a propensity to cause arrhythmias in one out of eight dogs, thereby confirming published data from clinical studies. PMID- 6624484 TI - Enhancement of 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake in rabbit hypothalamic synaptosomes but not in blood platelets by zinc and lead ex vivo. AB - Lead (0.2%), zinc (0.5%) or their combination was given to rabbits as acetate salts in drinking water for 2 or 4 weeks. Cerebral Pb increased within exposure time but the increase of Zn was marginal when given alone. After combination of Pb + Zn, blood Pb increased but Zn decreased as compared to the administration of the single metal alone. Concurrently brain Pb increased but remained at a lower level as compared with sole Pb administration while brain Zn did not differ from controls. The uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) into hypothalamic synaptosomes increased 70-85% with Pb, Zn and Pb + Zn after 2 weeks and 93% with Zn and 76% with Pb + Zn after 4 weeks. Dopamine uptake into striatal synaptosomes did not change. Zn decreased endogenous noradrenaline concentrations by 21% and Pb + Zn that of 5-HT by 36% in the striatum. Pb + Zn decreased cortical dopamine concentrations by 26%. Concurrently, 5-HT uptake in blood platelets, platelet numbers and their content of endogenous 5-HT did not change significantly. These results indicate that high Zn and Pb have parallel effects on 5-HT uptake in hypothalamic synaptosomes and their combination may be neurochemically more toxic than the individual metals. The increase of 5-HT uptake in hypothalamic synaptosomes but not in blood platelets requires further methodological work to explain the differences between synaptosomes and platelets. PMID- 6624483 TI - The mechanism of biliary excretion of methyl mercury: studies with methylthiols. AB - The S-methylated derivatives of N-acetylpenicillamine, thiola and cysteine as well as methyl iodide decreased biliary excretion of methyl mercury markedly. Excretion of sulfhydryl in bile was not influenced by S-methyl-cysteine, S methylthiola, S-methyl-N-acetylpenicillamine or a low dose of methyliodide (0.5 mmol/kg body weight). This seems to indicate that coupling of methyl mercury to glutathione in the liver before biliary excretion is a glutathione S-transferase dependent reaction. It also indicates that the methylthiols tested, or metabolites of these compounds are likely to be inhibitors of S-transferase. The effect of S-methylcysteine and low doses of methyl iodide probably reflects glutathione S-transferase inhibition as both compounds are metabolized to the S transferase inhibitor S-methylglutathione in the liver. A higher dose of methyl iodide (1 mmol/kg body weight) seems to deplete the liver of reduced glutathione through S-methylation as illustrated by decreased biliary excretion of sulfhydryl. S-methylthiola and S-methyl-N-acetylpenicillamine are metabolized in the liver to unknown components which are excreted in bile. Whether S methylthiola and S-methyl-N-acetylpenicillamine are inhibitors of S-transferase themselves or cause inhibition through metabolites cannot be stated from the present investigation. PMID- 6624485 TI - The effect of methylchloroform on the pulmonary uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine in isolated perfused rat lung. PMID- 6624486 TI - Effect of daily oral intake of manganese on free polysomal protein synthesis of rat brain. AB - The effect of manganese on free polysomal protein synthesis of immature rat brain (3 weeks old) has been determined after 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks of daily intake of 55 micrograms manganese/ml of drinking water. The protein synthesis was inhibited up to 35% during the first 3 weeks and returned toward the control level during the fourth week of treatment. Cross-incubation experiments with polysomes and pH 5 enzyme fractions indicated that the inhibition of protein synthesis is due to alteration of the pH 5 enzyme fraction. Furthermore, cerebral t-RNA content was reduced by 20% during the first 3 weeks and also returned to the control level after 4 weeks. The data suggest that the previously reported retardation in learning and memory of manganese treated immature rats may partly be due to alteration of cerebral RNA and protein synthesis. It was also evident that an adaptation mechanism to the observed effect of manganese developes after three weeks of daily intake of 55 micrograms manganese/ml. PMID- 6624487 TI - Comparative metabolism of fenitrothion and methylparathion in male rats. AB - The mechanisms for the lower toxicity of fenitrothion as compared with methylparathion were investigated in male rats. The difference in the acute toxicity of the insecticides could be the more rapid decomposition of fenitrothion and fenitrooxon in rat liver than that of methylparathion and methylparaoxon. In particular, the decomposition of fenitrothion by hepatic microsomes was accelerated by increasing the insecticide concentration as the substrate. The oxygen analogues of both insecticides, fenitrooxon and methylparaoxon, were not detected in the brain after the administration of their parent compounds. From these results, it is concluded that the lower toxicity of fenitrothion as compared with methylparathion could be due to the greater rate of the decomposition of fenitrothion to its less toxic metabolites, rather than to the relative rate of penetration of the oxygen analogues into brain. PMID- 6624488 TI - Rhythmic afterpotentials in relation to pre-stimulus barbiturate spindle-like activity. Macro- and microelectrode investigations. AB - It was proposed that the two types of rhythmic afterreactions (RARs) in the somatosensory cortex following forepaw electrical stimulation, i.e. the classical rhythmic afterpotential (RAP) with monophasic waves progressively decreasing in amplitude and the spindle-like afterpotential (SRAP) composed of waxing and waning phase like the spontaneous spindle (SS) were different electrocortical evoked rhythms. The hypothesis that not the RAP, but the SRAP is a SS elicited by stimulation was tested in the present study investigating the relationships between the SS and the two types of RAR by means of macro- and microelectrode recordings. It was shown that the RAP appeared during the SS, while the development of the SRAP was prevented by the SS. The data obtained from the microelectrodes experiments showed that the larger part of the neurons studied discharged in phase both with the waves of the SS and of SRAP (but not of RAP) having an almost one and the same rhythm, supported also the hypothesis for a common pacemaker of the rhythms of the SS and the SRAP. PMID- 6624489 TI - Quantitative analysis of the glabellar reflex in patients with hemiplegic disorders. AB - The glabellar reflex (GR) was investigated in 15 patients with hemiplegia and in 10 control subjects. The reflex was elicited mechanically by a light tap on the glabella. The EMG-responses were recorded bilaterally from the orbicularis oculi muscles by pairs of surface electrodes. The EMG activities were averaged and integrated off-line. In addition, the latencies of the early and late components were determined. Two major types of the GR alterations could be distinguished. These two patterns probably indicate a lowered excitability of the brainstem trigeminal systems or brainstem facial systems respectively. A loss of facilitatory influences associated with the hemispheral lesion seems probable. The alterations of the early component showed essential linkage to those of the late component. The latencies of GR responses on both sides were frequently prolonged. This fact and the decrease of the GR responses on the unaffected side as well as on the affected side indicates that the glabellar reflex can be altered bilaterally in hemiplegic patients. PMID- 6624490 TI - Heavy metals and enzyme induction. AB - In experiments on male albino rats it was established that single toxic doses of heavy metal salts inhibited to a different extent the enzyme-inducing action of phenobarbital and methylcholanthrene as determined by ethylmorphine-N demethylase, respectively aniline hydroxylase activity. The majority of salts (of Cu, Co, Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn and Hg) inhibited more strongly the enzyme induction produced by methylcholanthrene as compared with that caused by phenobarbital. Subtoxic doses of Co, Cd, Zn and Ni salts given daily with the drinking water for 30 days shortened the hexobarbital sleeping time and increased the ethylmorphine N-demethylase activity and cytochrome P-450 content in the liver microsomes. This suggests an enzyme-inducing action of these heavy metal salts at oral administration in subtoxic doses. Cu, Bi, Sn, Pb did not produce enzyme induction. The changes in the three indices of the As and Hg action were not consistent in our experiments. PMID- 6624491 TI - Evoked potentials and rhythmic afterpotentials in relation to pre-stimulus EEG activity during quiet waking state. AB - The relationship between the frequency-characterized EEG activity preceding the stimulus presentation and the amplitude-characterized evoked potentials (EPs) and rhythmic afterreactions (RARs) was investigated. The experiments were performed on the somatosensory cortex of cats during quiet waking state. It was found that upon one and the same parameters of stimulation the amplitude of the EPs and the RARs depended significantly on the frequency of the spontaneous EEG activity recorded one second before the stimulus. A decrease of the frequency of the on going EEG favoured the appearance of the high-amplitude early and late components of the evoked potentials and of the rhythmic afterpotentials. Conversely, the probability of appearance of low-amplitude EPs increased and that of RARs decreased when the frequency of the on-going EEG increased. PMID- 6624492 TI - On the vascular reactivity to angiotensin and noradrenaline in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Vascular reactivity to noradrenaline after angiotensin II and saralasin administration has been studied in vitro on isolated arterial vessels (aorta and mesenteric artery strips) of two strains of normotensive rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats. The results showed: 1. There were no differences in the response to noradrenaline and angiotensin II when they were applied separately on isolated arterial strips of spontaneously hypertensive rats as compared to two strains of normotensive Wistar rats; 2. The potentiated effect of noradrenaline in the presence of angiotensin II is higher on isolated arterial vessels of spontaneously hypertensive rats than on isolated arterial vessels of normotensive rats; 3. The potentiated effect of noradrenaline in the presence of angiotensin II was depressed after administration of angiotensin II-blocker. PMID- 6624493 TI - Effect of Feloran (diclofenac sodium) on the oxidative phosphorylation of rat liver mitochondria. AB - The effect of Feloran (diclofenac sodium) on rat liver mitochondria is studied. It is shown that in concentrations of the order of 0.1 mM Feloran blocks the second or third point of the respiratory chain, inhibits the soluble mitochondrial ATPase and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. In addition, there is also an increase in the ionic permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane. These effects are assumed to be important for the anti-inflammatory action of Feloran. PMID- 6624494 TI - Impaired medullary circulation in postischemic acute renal failure. AB - Acute renal failure was induced in heparinized rats by clamping the renal artery for 45 min. Ten minutes after recirculation the intrarenal blood flow distribution was measured. For this purpose labelled microspheres were injected together with 86-Rb chloride. The microspheres were used for determination of cardiac output, total renal and cortical blood flow, and 86-Rb for calculations of medullary blood flow. Total renal blood flow was reduced from 7.6 to 3.8 ml . min-1 . g-1 and cortical blood flow was reduced from 11.7 to 7.0 ml . min-1 . g 1. In the outer stripe of the medulla there was a reduction from 2.5 to 1.4 ml . min-1 . g-1. In the inner stripe there was a more pronounced reduction from 1.8 to 0.2 ml . min-1 . g-1 and in the inner zone from 0.8 to 0.1 ml . min-1 . g-1. The marked reduction in the blood flow to the renal medulla after recirculation is suggestive for a medullary ischemia, which might be responsible for the characteristic dysfunctions in acute renal failure. PMID- 6624495 TI - Electrovibration, cutaneous sensation of microampere current. AB - The human threshold of sensation of 50 Hz current has hitherto been considered to be around 1 mA. A new sensing mechanism is reported which lowers the threshold about 3 decades. It is elicited when the skin slides on the current carrying conductor, and the sensation disappears when the skin is wet. The sensation is a feeling of vibration or increased surface roughness. The sensing mechanism has been shown to be due to electrostatic forces in the skin caused by the electric field in a poorly conducting stratum corneum. The mechanism is primarily potential dependent, and the absolute threshold of sensation has been found to be about 1.5 volt or 0.15 mu A rms at 50 Hz. In practical daily-life situations it is shown that 82% of 40 test subjects were able to sense a current of 2 mu A rms, 50 Hz. PMID- 6624496 TI - Responses of the relaxed and contracted portal vein to imposed stretch and shortening at graded rates. PMID- 6624497 TI - Structurally based changes of renal vascular reactivity in spontaneously hypertensive and two-kidney, one-clip renal hypertensive rats, as compared with kidneys from uninephrectomized and intact normotensive rats. AB - Renal vascular beds from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) at different stages of hypertension, from two-kidney, one-clip renal hypertensive rats (RHR) and from uninephrectomized rats (UNR) were in constant-flow, paired perfusions compared with kidneys from normotensive control rats (NCR) concerning vascular smooth muscle sensitivity to noradrenaline (NA) and resistance vessel reactivity, as reflected by the position, respectively the shape, of the dose-resistance response curves. None of these kidney variants differed significantly from controls concerning smooth muscle sensitivity to NA during in vitro perfusion. However, both the steepness and maximal pressor responses of the renal resistance curves increased progressively with age in SHR, to become ultimately much enhanced when related to age-matched controls. It suggests a well preserved smooth muscle contractility and a progressive elevation of the average wall/lumen ratio in the SHR renal resistance vessels. Also the untouched, "high-pressure" RHR kidneys showed increased vascular reactivity, while it was somewhat reduced in the clipped, "low-pressure" RHR kidneys and unchanged in the hypertrophied but normotensive UNR kidneys. These results, when combined with other findings concerning renal vascular design (Gothberg & Folkow 1982a), illustrate how the renal resistance vessels readily adapt structurally to hypertension, hypotension, kidney hypertrophy and also with age, and in directions which tend to chronically "autoregulate" glomerular blood supply and filtration. PMID- 6624498 TI - Effects of ischemia on the hepatic cell membrane potential in the rat. Differences between fed and fasted animals. AB - The effect of ischemia on the hepatic cell membrane potential (MP) was studied in vivo in fed and fasted rats. Liver ischemia was induced for 1 h by clamping all afferent vessels to the left lateral and medial lobes and was followed by a 3 h period of reflow. The liver content of ATP, glucose, lactate and glycogen was repeatedly measured and related to the MP changes. The initial ATP content was 40% higher and the glycogen content 10 times higher in the fed animals, while the MP was similar in both groups. During the ischemic period the ATP content as well as the MP decreased in a similar manner in both groups of animals. During reflow the ATP content increased to about 50% of the initial value in both groups of animals. The MP was normalized more rapidly in fed animals than in fasted ones, indicating a better capability for recovery after ischemic injury in fed animals. PMID- 6624499 TI - The action of propranolol on the node of Ranvier is not stereospecific. PMID- 6624500 TI - Cardiac output and its distribution through capillaries and A-V shunts in diving seals. AB - Regional blood flow and cardiac output were determined by distribution of radioactive microspheres injected via catheter into the left ventricle during experimental diving and recovery in juvenile spotted seals (Phoca vitulina largha) and grey seals (Halichoerus grypus). Cardiac output was 9.7 L/min before diving, declined 90% during submersion and increased to 12.1 L/min after 40 s of recovery. Left ventricular myocardial perfusion declined from 179 +/- 24 (21) to 25 +/- 2 (6) ml/min . 100 g at 2 min submersion, and measured 23 +/- 3 (8) after 10 min of submersion. Cerebral cortical flow was reduced from a pre-dive value of 115 +/- 3 (15) to 40 +/- 5 (3) and 49 +/- 6 (3) at 2 and 5 min of diving, respectively, but increased to 253 +/- 14 (4) ml/min . 100 g at 10 min along with elevated PCO2 (84 torr) and lowered pH (7.10) in arterial blood. It remained at that level in recovery. Brain stem perfusion after 10 min submersion was still identical with control, but increased to 275% of control in recovery. Adrenal flow decreased to 34 and 27% of control at 2 and 5 min of diving, respectively. Recovery flow after 10 min of diving was 200% of control. Liver, kidney, fat, skin, and stomach were ischemic throughout the dive. Recovery flow increased slowly in these tissues. Skeletal muscle (M. psoas) was perfused at a low rate. (3 ml/min . 100 g) pre-dive and was ischemic during diving. Recovery muscle perfusion was variable at different sites (from 5 to 105 ml/min . 100 g). Pre dive pulmonary capillary perfusion was 58 +/- 8 (9) ml/min . 100 g, decreased to 7 +/- 0 (3) ml/min . 100 g min of submersion, and had increased to 50% of pre dive value after 40 s of recovery from a 10 min dive. Conclusions are: (1) previous information from implanted flow transducers was confirmed, (2) detailed data for discrete tissues elaborate the concept of selective redistribution of cardiac output in diving seals, (3) non-uniform reperfusion contributes to the maintenance of arterial pressure during recovery, and (4) substantial A-V shunting of cardiac output took place in the first 2-5 min of the dive, when total capillary/nutritive flow was low. Late in the dive, however, CO was routed through systemic capillaries mainly in the cerebral circulation and less than 15% through A-V shunts. PMID- 6624501 TI - "Structural autoregulation" of blood flow and GFR in the two renal vascular beds from two-kidney, one-clip renal hypertensive rats, as compared with kidneys from uni-nephrectomized and intact normotensive rats. AB - Both kidneys from two-kidney, one-clip renal hypertensive rats (RHR) and the hypertrophied kidney of uni-nephrectomized rats (UNR) were investigated during artificial perfusion with 2% Dextran solution and kerosene at maximal vasodilatation, and studied with respect to organ weight, vascular resistance, preglomerular/postglomerular resistance ratio and glomerular filtration capacity. Paired perfusions were throughout used, isolated kidneys from age-matched normotensive rats serving as controls. The untouched, "high-pressure" RHR kidney had increased 40% in weight/100 g b.w. while its vascular resistance at maximal dilatation had increased almost 60%/g organ weight. Glomerular filtration capacity and preglomerular/postglomerular resistance ratio remained, however, largely unchanged. The clipped "low-pressure", RHR kidney was reduced 40% in weight and 45% in renal vascular resistance/g organ weight. It also showed a reduced pre/postglomerular resistance ratio and some reduction of filtration capacity. The remaining hypertrophied kidney in UNR had increased 40% in weight, while its vascular resistance and filtration capacity/g organ weight, as well as its pre/postglomerular resistance ratio were unchanged. It is concluded that the kidney in renovascular hypertension rapidly adapts structurally not only in tissue mass, but also concerning total vascular resistance and pre/postglomerular resistance ratio, so as to chronically "autoregulate" GFR to match the altered pressure situation. Likewise, after unilateral nephrectomy the remaining, normotensive kidney increases in mass, with matched increases in blood flow and glomerular filtration capacity, while total resistance/g organ weight and the pre/postglomerular resistance ratio remain at normotensive levels. PMID- 6624502 TI - Intramural blood flow distribution in the small intestine of the cat studied by carbon monoxide uptake and 85krypton elimination. AB - Carbon monoxide (CO) uptake from the feline small intestine was measured to investigate if it could be used to determine blood flow in the superficial parts of the intestinal mucosa. Several observations were made that substantiated this proposal: 1) Lowering PCO in the intestinal lumen from 100 to 70 kPa did not influence the rate of CO absorption during "resting" blood flow conditions, while the same reduction of lumen PCO resulted in a decreased rate of CO uptake during isoprenaline induced vasodilatation. These observations suggest that CO uptake was flow limited during "rest" and diffusion limited during vasodilation. 2) Lowering perfusion pressure or totally occluding the intestinal vascular supply markedly reduced the rate of CO uptake. 3) The diffusion distance for CO into the tissue was calculated to be 75-225 micron, i.e. CO mainly diffused into the villous tissue. 4) The flow values calculated from the CO measurements were of the same order of magnitude as earlier reported with other techniques (microspheres, indicator dilution method). It was concluded that CO absorption mainly reflected villous blood flow during "resting" and low intestinal blood flow. Total blood flow (venous drop recorder) and muscle layer blood flow (85Kr elimination) were measured simultaneously to CO uptake. From these determinations "resting" blood flow distribution in the small intestine was calculated. PMID- 6624503 TI - Rotation of synergistic activity during isometric jaw closing muscle contraction in man. AB - 5 healthy subjects were studied during 10-15 min of isometric jaw elevator contraction above fatigue threshold level. Bite force was measured between upper and lower front teeth and electromyographic (EMG) activity recorded from the right temporal and masseter muscles. Of the two muscles only the masseter was active at the start of the test and usually during the whole test. When the test was repeated, however, great relief from the pain in the fatigued masseter was sometimes experienced and the temporalis took over the load. All subjects experienced this "switch" phenomenon after a varying number of tests, one of them already during his first test. The mechanism seemed to be completely out of voluntary control and showed facilitation at repeated tests. PMID- 6624505 TI - [Clinical research in psychiatry. Future prospects]. AB - Psychiatry becomes everyday more scientific: inter-rater reliability improves constantly, thanks to the development of more rigorous methods. Diagnostic classifications make real headways: the gap between ICD-9 and DSM-III will certainly be reduced in the next few years. For instance, the introduction of sub categories of anxiety states (or anxiety neuroses), such as panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder, implies different treatment choice, and clarification in therapeutic indications. The same will happen probably soon for schizophrenic disorders and major affective disorders. Conflicting theories of organogenesis versus psychogenesis may not be so conflicting when we understand better how environmental signals and subjective experiences alter transmitter levels, receptors, and synaptic regulations. PMID- 6624504 TI - Influence of ethanol on systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics in anesthetized dogs. AB - Immediate circulatory reactions to acute intragastric ethanol administration were studied by a catheterization technique in spontaneously breathing dogs. Diluted ethanol was given in a dosage of 1 g/kg in test group I (n = 11), and 2/kg in group II (n = 10). The control group (m = 14) received only water. The highest blood ethanol concentration was 0.90 +/- 0.07 mg/ml (mean +/- SE) in group I, and 1.97 +/- 0.10 mg/ml in group II. Heart rate and cardiac output increased (p less than 0.,001), but stroke volume, mean aortic blood pressure and right atrial blood pressure remained practically unchanged. Systemic vascular resistance decreased. Mean pulmonary arterial blood pressure increased markedly in both test groups (p less than 0.001) while pulmonary arterial wedge pressure did not change. The pulmonary arterial resistance increased (p less than 0.01). Changes in respiratory rate or volume and arterial pO2 were negligible in group I, but respiratory minute volume decreased in group II. In conclusion, ethanol in concentrations 0.5 to 2.0 mg/ml increased resistance in the pulmonary arterial tree, indicating pulmonary arterial vasoconstriction, but reduced systemic vascular resistance, thus putting a concept of peripheral vasodilation in favour. PMID- 6624507 TI - A rating scale of phobic disorders. AB - Scales were constructed for the rating of phobic disorders, taking into account both behaviour therapeutic and psychodynamic aspects. The scales rate phobic behaviour with regard to anxiety (situational and anticipatory) and coping (avoidance and escape). The target phobia as well as seven common phobias are rated, the former being divided into: fairly easy, moderately difficult, and very difficult situations. The scales also include free anxiety (10 items), ego restriction (11 items), and social function (six items with regard to interpersonal relations, and one each for capacity to work and leisure activities), and finally, a global rating. The inter-rater reliability was good (mostly around 0.90). Construct validity was supported by the result in effect studies of short-term psychotherapy. PMID- 6624508 TI - A scale for rating suitability for insight-oriented psychotherapy. AB - An instrumental for rating patients as suitable (I) or not suitable (NI) for insight-oriented psychotherapy, is described. It is based on factors suggested by Dewald, and consists of 24 scales, each with 5 steps. Inter-rater reliability was greater than 0.60 in 11 of the scales in a study of 25 cases, and four subscales were significantly correlated to suitability for insight-oriented psychotherapy according to the total scale: "influence of environmental factors on the symptoms", "variability of the symptoms during the last year", "self-confidence", and "possibility to psychodynamic formulation with circumscribed focus". Construct validity was estimated by comparing 29 pairs of I and NI patients. I patients belonged to a higher social class, scored higher on the personality trait dominance and low on neuroticism, had a more positive experience of the therapist, had lower symptom intensities, and were given a lower global rating of the disorder. I patients were more improved than NI patients when given unspecific treatments. The differences were, however, small. Predictive validity in 38 patients was low which may be due to the fact that the rater had to consider the research points of view, the global nature of several variables and the course criteria for correct allocation. PMID- 6624509 TI - Recurrence of affective illness after withdrawal of long-term lithium treatment. AB - Clinical outcome following discontinuation of long-term maintenance therapy with lithium and manic-depressive patients was studied. Although the majority showed recurrence of affective episodes, the relapses tended to be spread over a period of months. There was no evidence of immediate and inevitable "rebound" of psychotic episodes following lithium withdrawal. This finding is discussed in the light of results from other lithium discontinuation studies. PMID- 6624506 TI - Bromocriptine in the prevention of alcohol abuse. AB - In a double-blind trial comprising 50 chronic alcoholics, randomized in two parallel groups, bromocriptine was compared with placebo on psycho-social variables in the prevention of alcohol abuse for 6 months. The overall effects on the abuse situation, social functioning, social belonging and psychic status were significantly bettered by bromocriptine. Craving was reduced from strong to very mild, indicating a distancing effect of bromocriptine on dependency. Neurotic states and depressive reactions were significantly improved by bromocriptine, as were social situation, motivation and personal insight. Global evaluation of bromocriptine treatment was beneficial in most patients, with a substantial reduction in the number of patients abusing alcohol. Our results indicate that bromocriptine may affect the craving. PMID- 6624510 TI - Lithium and pregnancy. A cohort study on manic-depressive women. AB - By record linkage of a discharge diagnosis registry and a medical birth registry we identified 350 women with manic-depressive disease who had born a child. The total delivery outcome was poorer than expected with a high perinatal death rate and a high malformation rate. Further studies revealed a high rate of perinatal deaths and/or congenital malformations among infants born of women who had used drugs in early pregnancy, and this phenomenon was concentrated to women who had used lithium and to heart defects. The sample is small, however, and there is no statistically significant difference between delivery outcome in women on lithium and in women on other psychotropic drugs. Until better risk estimates are obtained, lithium should not be used in early pregnancy. PMID- 6624511 TI - Serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity and family history of patients with bipolar manic-depressive illness. PMID- 6624512 TI - Attempted suicide and immigration in Perth, Western Australia, 1969-1978. AB - Rates and methods of attempted suicide during 1969-1978 of migrants in Perth, Western Australia, were compared with native born Australians. There was a 4.6 fold male and a 2.8-fold female differential rate for migrants from individual countries of birth - significantly higher rates in migrants from New Zealand and Scotland (men) and lower rates in those from Greece, Italy and India/Pakistan (men) and Italy, Poland and Yugoslavia (women). The data were compared with previously published suicide rates of migrants in Australia 1962-1970, showing both similarities and differences. There was very little difference in attempted suicide methods used by different groups. These results were discussed considering factors in the country of origin, in the country of resettlement and relating to the migration itself. Difficulty was encountered in comparing the rates with those in the countries of origin. Strong family ties, religious adherences and maintenance of traditional values were postulated to explain the low Asian and Southern European rates. PMID- 6624513 TI - Variants of pancreatic duct system of importance in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Observations on autopsy specimens. AB - A postmortem radiographic investigation of 330 pancreas specimens showed a total frequency of 10 per cent for the 3 variants of the pancreatic duct system, in which the main pancreatic duct drained to the minor duodenal papilla (type III). In no instance did the main duct drain into the duodenum distal to the major papilla, onto which the common bile duct drained as usual. In the most common variant, type III-B, a separate accessory duct drained part of the pancreatic head onto the major papilla. In the remaining cases either an analogous accessory duct existed, communicating with the main duct (type III-A) or no accessory duct at all (type III-C). The different features of the accessory and main duct systems of type III in the pancreatic head varied widely. In types III-A and III B, the corresponding ventral and dorsal pancreatic primordia formed more or less of mainly the posterior and anterior parts of the pancreatic head, respectively. PMID- 6624514 TI - Morphologic aspects of hepatic abscesses at computed tomography and ultrasound. AB - The morphologic criteria of hepatic abscesses as demonstrated at computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US) were investigated in 27 patients and the diagnostic efficiency of both methods evaluated. Different appearances of hepatic abscess at CT and US were observed and investigated. No specific morphologic signs could be defined, since malignant neoplasms may show similar findings. Therefore, fine needle aspiration of possible hepatic abscesses should be performed to provide specific and bacteriologic diagnosis. US is an accurate method to evaluate patients with possible hepatic abscess. However, CT should be preferred in critically ill patients and postoperatively, since the diagnostic accuracy of CT is not limited by bowel gas, sutures and drainage tubes. PMID- 6624515 TI - Comparison of ultrasound and CT images of liver metastases. AB - The US and CT images of liver metastases in 42 patients were systematically compared. Based on the US image the lesions were classified as non-echogenic, slightly echogenic, and markedly echogenic lesions, target lesions and lesions with diffuse alteration of structure. There was often discrepancy between the appearance of the US and CT images. The discrepancy was increased after contrast enhancement in non-echogenic and in slightly echogenic metastases and in metastases with diffuse alteration of echo structure and diminished in target lesions. The possible reasons for these differences are discussed. PMID- 6624516 TI - Radiologic evaluation of subdiaphragmatic spread of Hodgkin's disease. AB - A prospective investigation is presented on the usefulness of lymphography, computed tomography, ultrasound, radionuclide examinations and fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the spleen and the liver in assessing subdiaphragmatic spread of Hodgkin's disease. Initial staging laparotomy is superior to all other diagnostic procedures. If laparotomy cannot be performed, CT and scintigraphy of the spleen are recommended. At restaging CT and lymphography provide equal diagnostic yield; CT is suggested, however, to be used in the first place. PMID- 6624517 TI - Functional placental scintigraphy. A methodologic and clinical investigation. AB - A method to determine the uteroplacental blood flow in the last trimester of pregnancy is presented. After intravenous injection of 37 MBq 113Inm the radiation above the placenta was recorded in 10 s intervals for 240 s by a scintillation camera. The data are presented in a time-activity curve, in which the maximum activity is proportional to the placenta volume, rise time can be defined and the quotient maximum activity/rise time is calculated. This quotient is an index of the uteroplacental blood flow which can be used for comparison of a series of patients. PMID- 6624518 TI - Pressures during retrograde pyelography. AB - Model experiments were conducted to simulate the conditions of injection rate and pressure during retrograde pyelography. Pressures at the upper and lower end of a Ch. 5 and Ch 6. ureteral catheter were determined with 30% and 45% sodium meglumine diatrizoate and water and with different needles allowing leakage of the injected medium from a reservoir at the upper end of the catheter. It is concluded that the pressure at the upper end of the catheter may be kept within physiologic range if (1) the contrast medium is injected slowly, (2) the contrast medium leaks back around the ureteral catheter into the bladder and (3) a contrast medium with a low viscosity is used. It is advisable to use a Ch. 5 ureteral catheter instead of a Ch. 6 for retrograde pyelography. PMID- 6624519 TI - Computed tomography in von Hippel-Lindau disease. AB - Computed tomography of thirteen individuals from two families affected by von Hippel-Lindau disease yielded a total of 9 abnormal findings in 4 patients in the abdomen, and one in the head. For the diagnosis and follow-up, both of affected patients and asymptomatic family members, the high precision and noninvasive nature makes CT the method of choice in this disease. PMID- 6624520 TI - Double contrast examination in carcinoma of the colon and rectum. A prospective clinical series. AB - During a 9-month period, 2 590 patients were referred for radiographic examination of the large bowel. All but 55 of these examinations were performed according to the double contrast examination method. The patients were followed prospectively from 40 to 48 months. Carcinoma of the colon or rectum was disclosed in 96 patients and other malignant lesions in 7 others. The carcinomas in 93 patients were diagnosed at the primary DCE. During the follow-up period, carcinoma of the colon was revealed in another 10 patients, the malignancy having been obfuscated by diverticulitis in 3 patients and considered polyps in 6 others. The accuracy of the double contrast method was calculated at 99.3 per cent. PMID- 6624521 TI - Computed tomography and angiography in carcinoid liver metastases. AB - Fifteen patients with carcinoid metastases in the liver were examined with computed tomography (CT). In 13 patients, liver metastases were demonstrated, while 2 patients had a normal liver at CT. The attenuation of the metastases was lower than that of the liver parenchyma in 12 patients, higher in one. Angiography was performed on 10 patients, and liver metastases were diagnosed in 9. Eight patients had hypervascular metastases with dense accumulation of contrast medium. In one patient, displacement of the intrahepatic arteries was the only sign of an expansive process. In one patient, previously treated with ligation of the common hepatic artery, no signs of liver metastases could be revealed at angiography but were evident at CT. PMID- 6624522 TI - Measurement of regional lung blood flow by videodensitometry. AB - The pulmonary blood flow in patients with embolism, emphysema or a tumour of the lung was measured by videodensitometry in 27 lungs from 17 patients. The results suggest that the relative regional and total lung blood flow can easily be estimated. It is also easy to demonstrate abnormalities in the distribution of the lung blood flow. The mean transit time in the normal lung is considered to be 1.5 to 4 seconds. PMID- 6624523 TI - Torsion in femoral fractures in childhood. A longitudinal investigation. AB - A photogrammetric method developed for measurement of femoral neck anteversion was used to evaluate the torsion in 28 femoral fractures sustained in childhood and treated conservatively. Spontaneous correction of the initial torsion of 10 degrees to 30 degrees to less than 10 degrees was the rule in a growing femoral bone within 5 to 10 years after trauma. PMID- 6624524 TI - Arthrography of the ankle. Value in diagnosis of rupture of the calcaneofibular ligament. AB - As part of a clinical prospective investigations 102 patients with fresh ankle injuries underwent ankle arthrography and surgery for rupture of the lateral ligaments of the ankle. Three hypotheses concerning the improvement of the arthrographic diagnosis of rupture of the calcaneofibular ligament were tested. Two were rejected. Improvement in the diagnostic specificity was possible by combining arthrography with a stress inversion test, but the sensitivity of this combination was low. It was demonstrated that absence of peroneus sheath filling was a better diagnostic sign with good rather than with poor recess filling. PMID- 6624525 TI - Double contrast arthrography of the knee. Comparison between three contrast media. AB - Meglumine iothalamate (Conray Meglumin), sodium-calcium-meglumine metrizoate (Isopaque Cerebral) and dimeglumine iocarmate (Dimerex), each containing about 280 mg I/ml, were compared in two series of double contrast knee arthrography, 190 and 184 patients each. With Dimerex the mixing of the contrast medium with the synovial fluid was slower than with Conray Meglumin, and a good or fair image quality, as evaluated subjectively, lasted longer. No difference was observed between Isopaque Cerebral and Conray Meglumin, regardless of dosage. PMID- 6624526 TI - Development of carpal bone cysts as revealed by radiography. AB - In 11 patients with carpal bone cysts the course of the intraosseous lytic lesion could be followed over periods from 2 to 27 years. The cysts were found to develop from an area of sparse trabeculae of reduced mineral content to a well defined cavity, in some instances surrounded by a sclerotic zone. In 2 instances the lytic process caused progressive destruction of the subchondral layers of the affected bone resulting in communication with the adjacent joint space. The findings support the theory that carpal bone cysts are intraosseous lesions probably caused by vascular disturbances from mechanical stress and repeated trauma. The term intraosseous ganglion is a misnomer and should be avoided. PMID- 6624527 TI - Desensitisation as a means of preventing untoward reactions to ionic contrast media. AB - Patients with a previous history of anaphylactic reactions to ionic iodinated contrast media were desensitised before a second radiologic examination was performed. The tolerance to the contrast medium was raised by repeated intravenous injections in increasing doses and concentrations. No serious side effects were noted when the examinations with contrast medium was repeated within a few days after the desensitisation. The positive effect of the desensitisation may depend on a successive consumption of complement proteins, probably responsible for the allergic reactions. Therefore, the available amount of complement for some days may be too low for the occurrence of a complement reaction. PMID- 6624528 TI - Tolerability of iohexol after injection into healthy volunteers. AB - The effects of iohexol, a new non-ionic contrast medium, after intravenous injection into humans are reported. After injection of small doses into 2 subjects, iohexol was injected intravenously into 20 healthy male volunteers in doses of 125 to 500 mg I/kg body weight. A large number of physiologic, biochemical, hematologic and pharmacokinetic parameters were analysed. The results indicated that iohexol was well tolerated and that clinical trials in patients could be undertaken. PMID- 6624529 TI - Radiographic diagnosis of non-palpable breast lesions. Correlation to pathology. AB - Eighty-seven mammary biopsies with radiographic signs of malignancy (microcalcifications or tissue condensation) without a corresponding clinical mass were examined by specimen radiography to determine the mammary lesion microscopically and find the exact location of the possibly malignant-associated microcalcifications. Fourteen malignant lesions (16.1%) were found, and atypical intraductal proliferations in an additional 14 biopsies. The calcifications were mostly located in the atypical epithelium. In 9 cases, however, the calcifications were located at a distance from the atypical epithelium. An open guided biopsy Is therefore considered to be mandatory in these cases. PMID- 6624530 TI - Comparison of radiographic images. A new method for analysis of very small movements. AB - A new method, shift comparisoN, for comparing 2 radiographic images is described. The method may be used for many purposes, but is particularly suitable for detecting small provoked motions between skeletal parts. Defective union in fractures or osteotomies is easily diagnosed by such a comparison. Films are exposed before and during the application of force to one of the fragments. By examining the films in the Shift Comparator small movements caused by the force may be detected. The technique has also been used for measuring the development of stability of union of tibial fractures by determining th deflection of the fracture caused by a bending moment. PMID- 6624531 TI - Tissue culture of trigeminal nerves from rats administered transplacentally with ethylnitrosourea. AB - The morphological and biological changes in long term culture cells of normal appearing trigeminal nerves from 2, 8, and 30-day-old S-D rats administered transplacentaLly with 75 mg ENU/kg were examined. After a marked degeneration of cells, crisscross multiple proliferative foci of transformed spindle cells appeared at the 3rd passage culture from 2 and 8-day-old rats, but not form 30 day-old rats. The transformed cells with S-100 protein and basal lamina had Schwann cell characteristics. Transformed spindle cells continued to form a crisscross pattern more than 700 days and some transformed spindle cells became round in shape 3-6 months after the primary culture. These transformed cells were transplantable to newborn S-D rats and the transplanted tumors were histologically similar to those of malignant Schwannoma of trigeminal nerves induced by ENU. Round-shaped transformed cells were more malignant than spindle shaped cells and produced rapidly growing transplanted tumors. Spontaneous transformation with multinucleated giant cells occurred in one of the control cultures. These results indicate that the sequential changes of ENU-treated trigeminal nerves in vitro were corresponded to developmental changes of malignant Schwannoma in vivo induced by ENU. This system will be useful for analysis of ENU-carcinogenesis. PMID- 6624532 TI - Effect of a branched chain amino acid-enriched nutritional product on the pathophysiology of the liver and nutritional state of patients with liver cirrhosis. AB - A new nutritional product (SF-1008C) containing a high proportion of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) and low proportion of aromatic amino acids (AAA) and methionine was tested to see its effect on the impaired protein metabolism and abnormal nutritional state frequently observed in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis. A sharp increase in plasma BCAA levels and fall of AAA and methionine levels were found following the administration of an SF-1008C-supplemented diet to healthy controls and cirrhotic patients, which the BCAA levels increased only slightly following an isocaloric control diet. Blood ammonia levels increased within the normal range transiently following the diets. The SF-1008C supplemented diet was given for 2 weeks to cirrhotic patients with histories of hepatic encephalopathy, who were taking a low-protein diet because of hyperammonemia. Serum prealbumin levels, nitrogen balance, molar ratio of plasma BCAA/phenylalanine and tyrosine, the number connection test and electroencephalograms improved during the period of the experimental diet. The results, therefore, indicate that a BCAA-supplemented diet is well tolerated by patients with advanced cirrhosis and useful for treatment of impaired protein metabolism. Furthermore, this product is beneficial in preventing hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotics. PMID- 6624533 TI - Effects of the removal of the primary tumor and immunotherapy with Corynebacterium parvum on metastatic tumor proliferation. AB - The effects of surgical intervention by removal of the primary focus, and the effectiveness of an immunomodulator, Corynebacterium parvum (Cp), on the proliferation of metastatic tumor tissue were investigated by following the postoperative changes in the 3H-thymidine labelling rate of metastatic tissue in an experimental model of metastasis in mice. In addition, the delayed type hypersensitivity reaction (DTH) was studied to investigate the immune capacity of the host. The labelling rate of mice that had the primary focus removed remained high with little variation, while that of the mice not operated on decreased gradually. On the other hand, in mice undergoing a sham operation, the rate was the same as that of the mice with the primary focus removed for a short while, but then gradually decreased. When Cp was administered, especially before removal of the primary focus, the rate was lower than that of the tumor bearing control group and decreased steadily. The number of pulmonary metastatic nodules was increased by removal of the primary focus, but this increase was inhibited by the administration of Cp which prolonged life. The depression in the DTH was less in the group given Cp preoperativeLy than in either the group of mice having the primary focus removed or those not having it removed. PMID- 6624534 TI - The diagnostic accuracy of CSF analyses in stroke. AB - The ability of routine analyses of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to differentiate between haemorrhage and infarction was evaluated in 231 stroke patients, whose diagnoses were based on computed tomography or autopsy. In all diagnostic groups the mean protein level was above normal, the highest values being associated with haemorrhage. Taking a protein level greater than 1 g/l to be characteristic of bleeding, sensitivity was 89% and specificity 92%. Spectrophotometric CSF absorbance was measured at wave lengths of 410, 415, 455 and 630 nm. Validity was equal for the first three. Taking absorbance greater than or equal to 0.040 at 415 nm to be diagnostic for haemorrhage, sensitivity was 72% and specificity 94%. The human eye was almost as sensitive as spectrophotometry in this context. Thus, among 100 patients with stroke, 7-9 out of 10 plausible cases of haemorrhage would be identified by means of routine CSF analyses. At the same time, 5-9 patients with ischaemic lesions would be diagnosed incorrectly as bleedings. PMID- 6624535 TI - Fasting serum cholesterol and triglycerides in a ten-year prospective study in old age. AB - In a ten-year prospective study of a population of men and women aged exactly 70 at entry and otherwise selected only according to geography, the predictive values of serum cholesterol and serum triglycerides were evaluated concerning total mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer manifestations in the eighth decade. Both high and low cholesterol values at 70 were associated with excess total mortality in men, the former showing excess CVD mortality, the latter excess cancer mortality. In men, high values of triglycerides at 70 were associated with increased CVD mortality as well as CVD development. In women, high values of triglycerides at 70 were associated with excess hospitalization for cerebrovascular incidence alone. PMID- 6624537 TI - Is there an association between serum cholesterol and blood pressure changes? AB - A community-based programme to influence the risk factors of coronary heart disease was carried out in North Karelia, Eastern Finland in 1972-77. The evaluation, based on examination of large cross-sectional random samples at the outset and at the end of the period, showed a greater reduction in both serum cholesterol and blood pressure levels in North Karelia than in a matched reference area. A random cohort of 293 men and 321 women who were studied both in 1972 and in 1977 did not use antihypertensive drugs on either occasion. Among these people the change in blood pressure was positively associated with the change in serum cholesterol even when age, initial blood pressure, changes in body mass and number of blood pressure measurements were allowed for. This finding supports the hypothesis that changes in fat consumption lead to changes in blood pressure, but this hypothesis needs further investigation. PMID- 6624536 TI - ST depression and left ventricular haemodynamics during exercise in patients with angina pectoris. AB - The mechanism of ischaemic ST depression and the cause of its low sensitivity to coronary artery stenosis are not well understood. Of 30 patients with severe stable effort angina, 19 (63%) showed ischaemic ST depressions after exercise (the STAE group) and 11 did not. The highest load during the symptom-limited exercise test and the heart rate on that load did not differ between the two groups. The clinical characteristics and angiographic findings were also similar, but the findings at heart catheterization differed during exercise (in supine). Although the load was similar, the stroke index was significantly lower (38 vs. 53 ml/m2 BSA) and the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure rose to a significantly higher value in the STAE group (40 vs. 32 mmHg). When STAE occurred, they were exclusively or concomitantly present in chest lead 5. These findings suggest that ischaemic STAE may not reflect regional ischaemia but the consequent left ventricular dysfunction. The mechanism may, for example, be that a sufficiently elevated left ventricular diastolic pressure causes a global subendocardial ischaemia. PMID- 6624538 TI - Intake of drugs among elderly people in a Danish municipality, Rodovre. AB - Drug intake has been studied among a random group of persons, aged 75 or over, in Rodovre Municipality. Two hundred and eight-three elderly persons living in their own homes have been visited and interviewed about their daily intake of prescribed and nonprescribed drugs (including so-called natural drugs). Similar information was gathered from 146 elderly persons living in nursing homes. Thirty one per cent of the elderly living in their own homes and 3% of those living in nursing homes did not use prescribed drugs daily. The median daily amount of different types of drugs used was 1.8 (range 0-10) for elderly persons living in their own homes and 4.5 (range 0-11) (p less than 0.001) for those living in nursing homes. Women living at home had a higher intake of drugs than men, especially diuretics. The most frequently used drugs were diuretics, sedatives/hypnotics, analgesics, digitalis and electrolytes. For all types of drugs a higher consumption, especially of phenothiazines, was found among elderly persons living in nursing homes. Drug consumption was independent of age and social stratification in both groups. The use of non-prescribed drugs ranges from 0 to 9 different types in the group living in their own homes, and from 0 to 5 in the group living in nursing homes--laxatives being the type most frequently used. PMID- 6624539 TI - Programmed atrial pacing for orthostatic hypotension. AB - Programmable atrial inhibited pacemakers were implanted in two patients with orthostatic hypotension due to autonomic failure. They were paced at 95 beats/min during the day and programmed themselves to 55 beats at night. This treatment resulted in virtual disappearance of orthostatic symptoms during a two-year follow-up. Haemodynamic studies showed a mean increase in erect systolic blood pressure from 47 mmHg pre-implantation to 85 mmHg at nine months post-implant during pacing. Cardiac output averaged 3.0 l/min without pacing and 3.8 l/min with pacing at two investigations. Rapid heart rate and high supine blood pressure at night were avoided by programming the pacemaker. PMID- 6624540 TI - Lingual infarction and sudden blindness due to giant cell arteritis. AB - A 72-year-old woman suffered from giant cell arteritis (GCA) which developed into lingual infarction and monocular blindness. Temporary obscuration of vision and lingual symptoms such as increasing malaise, pain and intermittent claudication may precede the catastrophic results of arteritis. Emphasis is laid on early recognition and treatment of GCA. PMID- 6624541 TI - Amyloid-associated muscle pseudohypertrophy and multiple myeloma in a man with hypernephroma. AB - Amyloidosis is known to occur both in renal adenocarcinoma and multiple myeloma. This paper describes a 52-year-old man who developed multiple myeloma and widespread amyloidosis after surgical removal of a hypernephroma. Multiple myeloma presented with osteolytic bone lesions and slight bone marrow plasmocytosis. Both kappa light chains and monoclonal IgG were secreted. Amyloidosis was seen as muscle pseudohypertrophy with wood-hard masses of amyloid in shoulders, girdle, buttocks and proximal limbs. Macroglossia was impressive and swelling of submandibular structures and the floor of the mouth was marked. Knowing the peculiar immunological potency of hypernephroma, attention is called to associations between renal carcinoma and monoclonal gammopathies, including amyloidosis. PMID- 6624542 TI - Plasma high-density lipoproteins and liver lipids and proteins in man. Relation to hepatic histology and microsomal enzyme induction. AB - The association of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in plasma with liver lipids and proteins was investigated in 28 subjects with diagnostic liver biopsy. Lipids and proteins were evaluated in relation to hepatic histology and microsomal enzyme induction, assessed by liver cytochrome P-450. Moderate-severe hepatic parenchymal changes were associated with low liver phospholipids, protein and cytochrome P-450, low plasma HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), and high hepatic triglycerides. Liver microsomal induction accompanying anticonvulsant therapy was associated with high liver phospholipids and protein, high plasma HDL-C, apoproteins A-I and A-II, and high HDL-C/total cholesterol (T-C) ratio. HDL-C, A I and the HDL-C/T-C ratio were directly proportional to liver phospholipids, protein and cytochrome P-450, inversely related to hepatic triglycerides. Increases in hepatic phospholipids and protein, characteristic of microsomal induction, may lead to the elevation of plasma HDL apoprotein and HDL-C levels and HDL-C/T-C ratios, and thus reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. PMID- 6624544 TI - Excretion of adrenaline, noradrenaline, vanilmandelic acid and metanephrines in 64 patients with pheochromocytoma. Results of repeated analyses in patients with sustained and paroxysmal hypertension. AB - Sixty-four patients with pheochromocytoma were operated upon at Sahlgrenska Hospital during 1956-82. The excretion of adrenaline and/or noradrenaline as well as their metabolites was high at each observation in 28 subjects with sustained hypertension, one patient, however, showing only slightly increased excretion of adrenaline at one observation. Another of the hypertensive patients consistently displayed normal amounts of vanilmandelic acid and metanephrines. Most of 28 patients with paroxysmal hypertension showed similar results. In five subjects with few attacks, however, normal findings were obtained on one or several occasions. Among the remaining patients the excretion of catecholamines was normal in the face of severe hypertension in two, the high blood pressure being probably due to diseases other than pheochromocytoma. Five normotensive subjects without hypertensive attacks presented variable findings. The results from analyses of catecholamines were somewhat more helpful than those from measurements of vanilmandelic acid, which failed completely in one hypertensive patient and in three others with paroxysmal attacks. PMID- 6624543 TI - Interaction of clonidine and labetalol in hypertension. AB - Concomitant administration of the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine, and the alpha 1- and non-selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, labetalol, was studied in 12 hypertensive outpatients treated with thiazide diuretics. Clonidine, 0.15 mg b.i.d., effectively lowered supine, standing and isometric blood pressure values when administered to patients on cyclothiazide, 2.5 mg q.d. Addition of labetalol, 200 mg b.i.d., to the diuretic-clonidine treatment resulted in further reduction of blood pressure at rest both in the supine and standing position. In contrast, during isometric work, addition of labetalol to the diuretic-clonidine regimen did not exhibit the same additive antihypertensive effect. When clonidine was given in a dose of 0.3 mg once daily in the evening and the other two drugs as previously, the same antihypertensive effect was observed in the afternoon. Labetalol did not provoke new side-effects of its own. PMID- 6624545 TI - Effect of furosemide on the lipid abnormalities in chronic renal failure. AB - The effect of furosemide on the lipoprotein profile and the activities of postherapin plasma lipases were studied in 12 patients with chronic renal failure. The concentrations of serum total, VLDL and LDL triglycerides were significantly higher and the concentration of HDL triglyceride was significantly lower in the patients with renal failure than in healthy controls. HDL cholesterol was significantly lower in the patients than in the controls. The activity of postherapin lipoprotein lipase was significantly lower in the patients than in the controls. The introduction of furosemide induced a significant increase in the concentrations of VLDL cholesterol and VLDL triglyceride. These changes were reversed when the drug treatment was discontinued. Postherapin lipase activities were not further altered by furosemide. PMID- 6624546 TI - Spontaneous erythroid colony formation in erythrocytosis. AB - Erythroid colony formation from the bone marrow and blood of 30 patients with erythrocytosis has been studied. Seventeen patients formed spontaneous erythroid colonies. They included patients with polycythaemia vera (PV) and 4 patients who did not quite fulfil the Polycythemia Vera Study Group criteria for PV, but had suggestive evidence of a myeloproliferative disorder. Thirteen patients did not form spontaneous colonies. They included patients with secondary polycythaemia, patients with normal total red cell volume and patients with absolute pure erythrocytosis of unknown origin. All patients with PV, and none with secondary polycythaemias, had spontaneous erythroid colony formation. Three of 4 untreated and 2 of 9 treated PV patients had increased number of CFU-E colonies in bone marrow. From these results it can be concluded that erythroid progenitor cell culture is a useful differential diagnostic method in erythrocytosis patients who cannot be classified clinically under PV or secondary polycythaemias. PMID- 6624547 TI - Cardioversion during pregnancy. A case report. AB - A case of atrial fibrillation during pregnancy in a 20-year-old patient with valvular heart disease is presented. Synchronized direct-current cardioversion was carried out successfully during monitoring of maternal and fetal ECG. Previously published cases are reviewed. PMID- 6624548 TI - A new case of familial LCAT deficiency. AB - Twenty-eight patients with familial lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency have been reported to date. We report a new Italian case who presents the clinical and biochemical characteristics of the disease. Typical disc-shaped high density lipoproteins (d = 1.063-1.21 g/ml) were detected by electron microscopy. An abnormal distribution of apolipoproteins in the different lipoprotein fractions was found by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide electrophoresis. PMID- 6624549 TI - Circumpolar health. PMID- 6624550 TI - Serum calcium in Greenland Eskimos. AB - Serum calcium i Greenland Eskimos living in Greenland is significantly lower than in Greenland Eskimos and Danes living in Denmark (p less than 0.001). Danes living in Greenland show intermediate values. High vitamin D levels have been found in Eskimos (Canada). Thus vitamin D deficiency is probably not the cause of the low serum calcium levels. A low dietary intake of calcium is a more likely explanation, consistent with the finding of high serum calcium in Greenland Eskimos living in Denmark, especially in adolescents with high consumption of dairy products. The low serum calcium in Greenland Eskimos may explain the early onset of osteoporosis, which is a common trait in Eskimos from all over the Arctic. PMID- 6624551 TI - Risk factors in traumatic head injury. AB - The purpose of the present prospective study was to compare different risk factors in head injuries with one known risk factor, the level of consciousness at admission. The series includes 1,120 head-injured patients admitted to hospitals in Trondelag, Norway, in 1979 and 1980. In addition to the level of consciousness at admission, the following factors seemed to be important for the outcome: age, pupillary light reactions, intracranial haematomata, associated extracranial injuries and skull fracture. PMID- 6624552 TI - Head injuries and their early management. An account of one year's experience. AB - We report 298 patients admitted to the Neurosurgical unit of the University of Padua during one calendar year. We divided the patients into two groups. "in coma" and "not in coma", and analyze their data records. The time between injury and admission to a neurosurgical centre is important for therapy as well as for transport. The necessity of an "Admission Chart" is emphasized. PMID- 6624553 TI - Admission chart as a protocol for reception and first management of head injuries. AB - In order to gather fundamental information about the reanimative, diagnostic, and therapeutic measures concerning head-injured patients, we propose the introduction of an "Admission Chart". This Chart ought to accompany patients from the first contact with Accident-Emergency Medical Staff to arrival at a specialized Centre. PMID- 6624554 TI - The value of metrizamide CT cisternography in the diagnosis of CSF fistulae. AB - Post-traumatic CSF fistulae and those affiliated with tumours on the skull base have so far been investigated by isotope cisternography, fluoresceine tests and polytomography. 12 patients have recently been studied by metrizamide CT cisternography. In acute post-traumatic cases difficulties arise in the differentiation between blood clots and the stream of contrast medium. The method was found to be useful in delayed CSF fistulae and tumour-associated cases. PMID- 6624556 TI - The influence of large decompressive craniectomy on the outcome of surgical treatment in spontaneous intracerebral haematomas. AB - The outcome of a series of 73 patients with spontaneous intraparenchymatous haematomas treated by surgical evacuation of the clot and decompressive craniectomy has been described. Comparing postoperative mortality of this series with another series of patients (54 cases) treated only with surgical removal of the clot without decompressive craniectomy a statistically significant improvement in the mortality rate after craniectomy could be observed in acute cases demanding surgical intervention for preservation of life in the first 24 hours. If signs of brain-stem suffering appear surgical mortality increases proportionally to the duration of this symptomatology. In these cases surgery, if it is to be useful, has to be performed as soon as possible. The morbidity of the surviving patients is not greater in this series with decompressive craniectomy than in series without decompression. PMID- 6624555 TI - Arachnoid cysts and head injury. AB - A number of hypotheses and much discussion surround the subject of intracranial arachnoid cysts (ICACs). Based on the observation of 7 cases of ICACs which were asymptomatic until aggravated by head injuries, the aetiopathological relationship between head injury and ICAC is discussed. Trauma is not the only origin of ICACs, but even a slight head injury is capable of provoking the rapid decompensation of a previously dormant ICAC. PMID- 6624557 TI - Low flow (cryptic) arteriovenous malformation and spontaneous haematoma. AB - The authors emphasize the meticulous search for microangioma under magnification in cases of spontaneous haematoma. Two cases of low flow (cryptic) arteriovenous malformations are described. The CT scan and angiography are non-contributory in detecting such lesions. These small-sized angiomas are buried in the wall of the haematoma cavity. Histologically there is evidence of thrombosis in arteriovenous malformation. PMID- 6624558 TI - Acute dimethyl sulphoxide therapy in experimental brain oedema, effect of dose and concentration on brain water and electrolyte content. AB - Albino rabbits with experimental brain oedema produced by a combined left hemisphere cryogenic injury and a metabolic insult by a 6-aminonicotinamide (6 ANA) were administered intravenous dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) in varying concentrations and doses in the following manner: Subgroup A (concentration response) received 1.0 g/kg bolus of a 10, 20, 30, or 40% solution. Subgroup B (dose response) received as a 20% solution a 1.0 g/kg bolus, 1.5 g/kg bolus, or 2.0 g/kg infusion. One hour following administration of the agent, the animals were killed, their brains rapidly removed by craniectomy and brain water, sodium and potassium measured. Significant decreases in brain sodium and water content in the right hemisphere were noted in both subgroups A (p less than 0.05) and B (p less than 0.005) and in the left hemisphere in subgroup B only (p less than 0.005). There is an apparent effect on brain oedema by a DMSO mediated sodium dependent water mobilization. PMID- 6624559 TI - Proceedings of the 31st annual meeting of the Societa Italiana di Neurochirurgia. Rome, 28-30 October, 1982. Abstracts. PMID- 6624560 TI - [Retrovesical hydatidosis]. PMID- 6624561 TI - [Urologic sequellae in rectal amputations for cancer]. PMID- 6624562 TI - [Effect of antibiotic prophylaxis, long-term low dosage chemoprophylaxis and bladder wash-outs on the appearance of acquired bacteriuria in patients with permanent bladder catheter]. PMID- 6624563 TI - [Use of urinary hydroxyproline elimination in the detection of bone metastases secondary to prostatic carcinoma]. PMID- 6624565 TI - [Congenital intrarenal arteriovenous fistulas (apropos of a case of the cirsoid variety)]. PMID- 6624564 TI - [Bacteremia and prostate biopsy]. PMID- 6624566 TI - [Hypercalcemia in renal tumors producing PTH]. PMID- 6624567 TI - [Inverted papilloma of the ureter]. PMID- 6624568 TI - [Retrovesical tumor as the presenting form of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6624569 TI - [The adrenergic component in ureteral obstruction in the rabbit]. PMID- 6624570 TI - [Experimental surgery and urology]. PMID- 6624571 TI - [Surgery of coraliform calculosis. Results]. PMID- 6624572 TI - [Pelvic renal ectopia apropos of 13 cases]. PMID- 6624573 TI - [Unilateral antireflux reimplantation. Incidence of post-operative contralateral reflux]. PMID- 6624574 TI - [Urinary incontinence in the woman: treatment by the Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz technic]. PMID- 6624575 TI - [Significance of carcinoembryonic antigen in prostatic cancer]. PMID- 6624577 TI - [Prolactin and prostatic cancer. Modification of testosterone serum levels in estrogen-induced hyperprolactinemia by bromocriptine]. PMID- 6624576 TI - [Evolutive aspects of latent prostatic cancer]. PMID- 6624578 TI - [The collateral circulation of the testis. Its importance in testicular functional substitution. Experimental study]. PMID- 6624579 TI - [Conservative surgery for adenocarcinoma of a unilaterally functioning kidney]. PMID- 6624580 TI - [Poor prognosis of epidermoid carcinomas of the upper urinary tract]. PMID- 6624581 TI - [Blocked renal function secondary to aortic aneurysm]. PMID- 6624582 TI - [Pelvic lipomatosis: presentation of a case and review of the literature]. PMID- 6624583 TI - [Deficiency of coagulation factors V and VIII in a patient surgically treated for reflux: modality of the pre- and post-operative therapy]. PMID- 6624585 TI - [Adenocarcinoma and bladder exstrophy]. PMID- 6624584 TI - [Inhibition of the stimulation of the obturator nerve during transurethral surgery. "Transparietal endoscopic block"]. PMID- 6624586 TI - [Kaposi's sarcoma in the glands penis]. PMID- 6624589 TI - Caprine beta mannosidosis: temporal bone pathology. PMID- 6624591 TI - Fenestration operation: long-term histopathological findings. PMID- 6624590 TI - Pathological findings in the cochlear duct due to endolymphatic hemorrhage. PMID- 6624592 TI - Late posttraumatic rhinogenic meningitis. Temporal bone findings of meningogenic labyrinthitis. PMID- 6624593 TI - Uvulonodular lesion and eye-head coordination in squirrel monkeys. PMID- 6624594 TI - Pathological findings and surgical implications in herpes zoster oticus. PMID- 6624595 TI - The air caloric test and its normal values. PMID- 6624596 TI - Investigation of Meniere's disorder by extratympanic electrocochleography. PMID- 6624597 TI - Possible utility of middle latency responses in electric response audiometry. PMID- 6624598 TI - Clinical characterization of the hearing of the adult British population. PMID- 6624599 TI - Morphological study of the middle and inner ear of the bat: Myotis myotis. PMID- 6624600 TI - Experimental mastoidectomy with replacement of posterior bony canal wall in primates. PMID- 6624601 TI - The round window membrane. PMID- 6624602 TI - The ventral cochlear nucleus in human brains. PMID- 6624603 TI - The fine surface view of the adult human Eustachian tube in normal and pathological conditions. PMID- 6624604 TI - The canaliculae perforantes of Schuknecht. PMID- 6624605 TI - Age-related changes in autonomic function: relationship with postural hypotension. AB - Eleven elderly subjects, six with signs and symptoms of postural hypotension, were investigated for autonomic neuropathy of their cardiovascular and pupillary systems. The results were compared with those from a group of nine young subjects to define the reductions in autonomic activity that normally occur with age. There was evidence of a decline in autonomic function in the elderly, but this was no greater in the group with postural hypotension. A positive correlation was found between the level of the supine systolic pressure and the degree of postural drop. It is suggested that pathology in the vasculature and not in the sympathetic innervation is responsible for postural hypotension in the elderly. PMID- 6624606 TI - Is ambulatory electrocardiography a useful investigation in elderly people with 'funny turns'? AB - Episodic diffuse cerebral symptoms and unexpected falls were investigated by ambulatory electrocardiography in nine men and 19 women aged 65 years or more. Eight subjects with episodic dizziness or syncope had cardiac arrhythmias which are known to be capable of causing these symptoms and four of these had symptoms at the time of the arrhythmia. However, only one was detected by ambulatory electrocardiography alone. No significant arrhythmias were found in any of the remaining subjects. When 17 symptomatic subjects were compared with 17 age- and sex-matched asymptomatic controls, cardiac arrhythmias known to be capable of causing symptoms were commoner in the symptomatic group, but the differences were not statistically significant. Ambulatory electrocardiography is of no more value than standard electrocardiography in the detection of arrhythmias associated with diffuse cerebral symptoms in elderly people. PMID- 6624607 TI - Are cardiac arrhythmias important in stroke? AB - Ambulatory electrocardiography was performed on 21 consecutive acute stroke patients on the day of admission and 14 and 42 days later. There was no statistically significant difference in cardiac arrhythmias between stroke patients and a group of age- and sex-matched controls. There was considerable variation in the frequency of cardiac arrhythmias on each day but none of the arrhythmias was associated with a sudden deterioration in the condition of the patients and no arrhythmias produced symptoms in either the stroke or the control groups. Fourteen per cent of stroke patients had an associated acute myocardial infarction and 57% had a history of previous heart disease. While a history of previous heart disease or the occurrence of major ventricular arrhythmias were associated with an increased six-week mortality rate, routine continuous monitoring of cardiac rhythm would not appear to be of value in acute stroke. PMID- 6624608 TI - A longitudinal study of kyphosis in older people. AB - An index of kyphosis was estimated with a surveyor's flexicurve. A further index measured wedging in vertebral bodies in lateral chest radiographs by expressing the sum of vertical posterior heights of the lower six thoracic vertebral bodies and discs as a percentage of the corresponding anterior heights. Cross-sectional data showed that both indices increased with increasing age in each sex. Longitudinal studies confirmed that the increases were significant but varied widely in size. Although cross-sectional data suggested greater increase in kyphosis with increasing age in women compared with men, longitudinal measurements over five years did not show this. The index of wedging explained 42% and 48% of the variation in the index of kyphosis in men and in women, respectively. Additional effects due to age, detected in women only, added a further 4% to the explained variation, possibly from ageing of soft tissues. The relationship between the indices, and the additional effect of age in women, persisted in five year survivors. PMID- 6624610 TI - Patterns of mortality in homes for the elderly. AB - High rates of mortality are an abiding feature of homes for the elderly. Almost a fifth (19.2%) of a cohort of 6947 residents died in the 12 months following initial assessment. Survival rates vary widely, however, for different groups within the residential population. Using data from a longitudinal study of 175 homes for the elderly, this paper examines the relationship between mortality, age, length of stay, and dependency. The interaction between these variables within the residential setting helps to identify the 'high risk' groups of residents who require special surveillance and care. PMID- 6624609 TI - The effects of manipulation of social reinforcement on toilet requests on a geriatric ward. AB - The psychological treatment of incontinence in elderly patients is reviewed. It is concluded that the use of psychological methods in functional cases with non dementing elderly patients leads to optimistic results. However, those studies which have used patients with dementia have been few and have so far led to poor results. Some of the factors associated with toiletting behaviour in the elderly and other approaches which stress the behaviour of the nurse rather than that of the patient are considered. A study is described which illustrates these principles in the case of geriatric patients with dementia who are highly dependent for their physical care. PMID- 6624612 TI - [Nephrectomy and disability]. PMID- 6624613 TI - Transcatheter arterial embolization with Gianturco steel coils. A complication. PMID- 6624611 TI - Pressure induced rhabdomyolysis complicating an undiscovered fall. AB - An 82-year-old man developed severe pressure-induced rhabdomyolysis after falling and remaining undiscovered on the floor. This unusually severe case is reported to illustrate the features of a condition which in milder degree may be common in old people and give rise to diagnostic confusion. PMID- 6624614 TI - [Urogenital tuberculosis. Study of 62 cases in the Kinshasa University Hospital]. PMID- 6624615 TI - [Development of iatrogenic ureteral stenosis following colon surgery]. PMID- 6624616 TI - [Bladder leiomyosarcoma]. PMID- 6624617 TI - Unilateral hydroureteronephrosis resolved by fecal disimpaction in a patient with neurogenic bladder. PMID- 6624618 TI - [Vesicovaginal fistulas]. PMID- 6624619 TI - Preliminary results in the treatment of the unstable bladder with Flunarizine. PMID- 6624620 TI - [Bethanechol in urology]. PMID- 6624622 TI - Urethral lithiasis. PMID- 6624621 TI - [Evoked motor potentials in the sacral reflex arc. Preliminary results]. PMID- 6624623 TI - [The value of counterimmunoelectrophoresis for the assay of prostatic acid phosphatase]. PMID- 6624624 TI - Prostatitis update. PMID- 6624625 TI - [The treatment of nongonococcal urethritis with minocycline]. PMID- 6624628 TI - Bronchial hyperirritability: Interrelation with the type 1 bronchial allergy in the physiopathogenesis of the asthmatic syndrome. AB - Bronchial hyperirritability in asthma is analyzed, putting special emphasis on its components (broncholability, bronchoreactivity and bronchoconstrictor cough reflexes), as well as on the most widely used current methodology to study it. Interrelations between hyperirritability and bronchopulmonary allergy are analyzed, as well as the way they can be measured and etiopathogenic conclusions are inferred, which help us to understand the different clinical responses of asthmatics. Furthermore, the careful evaluation of factors altering bronchial irritability in asthmatics and the decisive influence of bronchopulmonary allergy upon the appearance, maintenance and aggravation of hyperirritability, give us the necessary information to suggest the basis of the most logical treatment of asthmatic patients, after the patient's peculiar disease has been carefully evaluated by means of methods presently available. PMID- 6624626 TI - [Prolonged-action nifurtoinol in urinary infections. Comparative study]. PMID- 6624627 TI - [Partial hyper-IgE syndrome]. PMID- 6624630 TI - Annual fluctuations of mites and fungi in Danish house-dust: an example. AB - For one year dust was sampled monthly from a single mattress. Until August mite counts were at background levels. In September and October there was a burst in the counts for the house-dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae and for the house mite, Glycyphagus domesticus. Their occurrence might be interpreted as a response to large densities of an unidentified yeast in September. This yeast appeared when the indoor absolute humidity exceeded 9 g H2O/kg dry air. The mite Tarsonemus rakowiensis reached its maximum in October, and might be a possible house-dust mite predator, although the evidence is far from conclusive. An aliquot of ten grams of mattress dust sampled from a mite-free location on top of the mattress hardly became infested, although the environmental conditions were ideal. Obviously, the mattress dust from the dry room was not optimal for either the yeast or the mites. PMID- 6624629 TI - [Use of RAST and passive hemagglutination in the diagnosis of food allergy]. PMID- 6624631 TI - Cutting hospital waste. PMID- 6624632 TI - Closed intramedullary osteotomy of the femur--a case report. PMID- 6624633 TI - An electrocardiographic survey of patients with chronic spinal cord injury. PMID- 6624634 TI - Effects of leg cooling on peak isokinetic torque and endurance. PMID- 6624636 TI - The team concept in health care. PMID- 6624635 TI - So you are going on a patient/home evaluation. PMID- 6624637 TI - The pharmacist's role in community preventive health care. PMID- 6624638 TI - The pharmacist as a faculty member of a primary care residency program in general internal medicine. PMID- 6624639 TI - Fads or facts? A pharmacist's guide to controversial 'nutrition' products. PMID- 6624640 TI - Preparing for a third-party audit. PMID- 6624641 TI - Concerning the Case of United States v. American Pharmaceutical Association and Michigan state Pharmaceutical Association Civil No. G75-558, CA5, W.D. Michigan. PMID- 6624642 TI - A device for collecting replicate industrial hygiene samples in the workplace. AB - The ability to collect truly replicate samples is a prerequisite for any study involving analytical method comparisons and/or documentation. An ambient air sampler capable of simultaneously collecting five field samples is described. The device uses calibrated limiting orifices and the cassettes are enclosed in a chamber containing a fan that provides mixing and constant flow of the air sample. Adapters that permit the concurrent sampling for organic vapors using solid sorbent tubes are also described. The system has been used for determining total particulates, benzene solubles and vaporous hydrocarbons in Soderberg aluminum reduction plants. The reproducibility of the combined sampling a analytical steps for these constituents is approximately 5%. PMID- 6624643 TI - Collection and determination of COUNTER (terbufos) insecticide in air. AB - A method has been developed and validated for the personal monitoring of COUNTER, O-O-diethyl-S-[(tert-butylthio)methyl]phosphorodithioate, terbufos, in air. COUNTER insecticide vapor is collected on standard NIOSH-type charcoal tubes at 150 mL/min for an 8-hour sampling period. When COUNTER insecticide exists as a dust as well as a vapor, a sampling train consisting of a mixed cellulose ester filter followed by a standard charcoal tube is used. The collected material in each case is desorbed with toluene and analyzed by gas chromatography using a nitrogen-phosphorus detector. Average collection efficiencies of 91.9% were obtained for the charcoal tube, and filter-tube sampling train systems. The sample generation system, collection medium, and analytical methodology are discussed. PMID- 6624644 TI - A tracer method for quantifying contamination of building supply air: reentrainment of laboratory hood exhausts. AB - A method is described for quantifying the reentrainment of exhaust air contaminants into a building's fresh-air supply system. The method relies on the "tracer" gas, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), which Is detected by infrared (IR) absorption analysis. This method of analysis differs from the conventional gas chromatography, electron capture detection method due to the MIRAN-1 A's portability, direct-reading capabilities, ease of operation and modest cost. Specific instrument settings for the MIRAN-1 A are given such that detection of SF6 will be optimized without interference. Calculations for quantifying reentrainment are presented and discussed for the "worst case" reentrainment observed. PMID- 6624645 TI - Storage cabinet for volatile toxic chemicals. AB - It is common practice to store toxic volatile chemicals in a laboratory fume hood. Although this provides safe storage, it becomes necessary to operate the hood continuously, resulting in a continuous loss of conditioned air from the building. Often, bottles containing highly toxic chemicals are few in numbers and small in size so that the storage volume required for this purpose is modest. This makes it possible to utilize a small auxiliary storage cabinet in place of a chemical hood for this purpose, provided all the vapors from the stored chemicals can be retained. We have constructed and tested a passive storage cabinet consisting of a metal box, 30 X 30 X 30 cm, with a front-opening latchable door, a false bottom for catching and retaining liquid spills, and an open top completely covered with a 5-cm depth of tightly packed, gas-adsorbing, activated charcoal. All vapors released inside the cabinet must pass through the charcoal before reaching the outside and are retained on the charcoal. Means are provided to purge the box of residual vapors before opening the door by compressed air line or a hand-operated squeeze bulb. The incoming fresh air sweeps through the chamber and exists through the charcoal filter. PMID- 6624646 TI - Ethylene oxide dispersion from gas sterilizers. AB - Ethylene oxide (EtO) is widely used by the health industry for sterilizing heat sensitive devices. About 100 000 workers are regularly exposed to this chemical, used in an estimated 10 000 sterilizing units in U.S. health care facilities. Based on recent findings. NIOSh has recommended that EtO be regarded as a potential carcinogen and has urged OSHA to reexamine its present standard of 50 ppm. The ACGIH Notice of Intended Changes for 1982 has proposed reducing the recommended limit from 10 ppm TWA to 1 ppm and considers EtO a suspect carcinogen for man. Because of this increasing concern for its toxicity, it is imperative that the exposures to EtO be assessed, and that all reasonable steps to reduce these exposures be taken. This study demonstrates the effects of local exhaust ventilation, sterilizer chamber temperature, and sterilizer relative humidity in relation to their influence on EtO plume directionality, concentration and duration. Using two Foxboro/Wilks Miran 1A General Purpose Gas Analyzers, EtO concentrations were simultaneously monitored both immediately above and below the sterilizer door during various process runs, at three different types of sterilizers. Sterilizer operating conditions were representative of temperatures (38-54 degrees C (100-130 degrees F)), and relative humidities (30-50%) commonly employed in the sterilization process. The effects of varying local exhaust parameters were observed. Results clearly demonstrated that EtO tends to flow upward when the sterilizer door is opened. In all cases, the highest concentrations were observed at the upper location. Local exhaust ventilation significantly reduced the concentration of EtO observed and lessened the duration for which these levels persisted. Changes in temperature and relative humidity, within the range cited, have not shown any significant differences in EtO evolution patterns, concentrations or duration. PMID- 6624647 TI - Worker exposure to perchloroethylene in the commercial dry cleaning industry. AB - The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted industrial hygiene surveys at 44 commercial dry cleaning facilities in five states as part of an industry wide study to assess the health effects of long term, low-level exposure to perchloroethylene (PCE). Time-weighted average (TWA) and peak exposures to PCE were determined by collecting personal air samples using activated charcoal tubes and battery-operated pumps. TWA exposures of the machine operators ranged from 4.0 to 149.0 ppm PCE. The geometric mean PCE exposure of the machine operators (22 ppm) differed significantly from the mean exposures of the pressers (3.3 ppm), seamstresses (3.0 ppm), and the concentrations in the front counter areas of the facilities (3.1 ppm). Te geometric mean 5-minute peak PCE exposure during textile transfer was 44 ppm while the mean 15-minute exposure was 33 ppm. No significant differences were found between exposures when either the TWA or the peak data were grouped by geographic location (i.e., state), or by the type of processing equipment used (i.e., "Combination" units vs. separate washing and drying units). Recommendations for work practices, ventilation, maintenance, plant layout and personal protective equipment are presented to reduce PCE exposures to lowest achievable levels. PMID- 6624648 TI - Palladium chloride enhancement of low-level mercury analysis. AB - Marked improvement in the sensitivity for atomic absorption analysis of mercury was achieved by the presence of palladium chloride (PdCl2) in the analyte solution. Furthermore, this solution could be stored for later analysis without loss of mercury to the container or headspace. Filters for sampling airborne mercury were impregnated with 0.45% w/v PdCl2 solution so that they would adsorb the mercury vapors at low ambient concentrations. The collected mercury was removed with a solution containing 2% hydrogen peroxide and 2% nitric acid. An aliquot of the solution was analyzed in a graphite furnace on an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The method appears suitable not only for sampling and analyzing airborne mercury but also for analyzing water samples. PMID- 6624649 TI - Determination of vanadium in workplace air by DCP emission spectrometry. AB - This paper provides a method for directly determining vanadium in workplace air by direct current plasma atomic emission spectrometry (DCP-AES). Wavelength selection, instrument operating parameters, and sample preparation methods were studied. It was found that the most suitable wavelength for the analytical line is 437.924 nm (DL 0.006 mg/L) but also the line 309.311 nm (DL 0.003 mg/L) can be used. The results obtained by DCP-AES were compared with those obtained by both flame (FAAS) and electrothermal atomization (ETA-AAS) atomic absorption spectrometry. PMID- 6624650 TI - A quantitative sampling device for use at hazardous waste sites. AB - A device to draw air through up to 10 direct reading indicator tubes simultaneously has been developed. The qualitative results obtained can be used to obtain a rapid preliminary classification of the unknown chemical substances at spill scenes or at hazardous waste sites, and to devise protocols for laboratory sample analysis. PMID- 6624652 TI - Plasma level monitoring of antiarrhythmic drugs. AB - It is widely accepted that the effects (both cardiac and extracardiac) of antiarrhythmic drugs are modulated by their concentration at some unidentified active site, and that the drug concentrations in the systemic circulation and at these active sites are in equilibrium. Thus, antiarrhythmic drug effects can be related directly to systemic plasma concentrations, and an optimal plasma concentration can be identified at which satisfactory arrhythmia suppression can be achieved in the absence of intolerable adverse effects. This optimal concentration is influenced by several factors that give rise to significant interpatient variability. These factors include serum protein binding, active metabolites, intrinsic responsiveness and myocardial accumulation. Although plasma concentration guidelines have been suggested for most antiarrhythmic drugs, they are generally not statistically derived and, with the exception of procainamide, are extrapolated from small patient samples. They generally represent the experience of an investigator or group of investigators treating a small homogeneous patient population. Interpretation of plasma concentrations of antiarrhythmic drugs also requires consideration of pharmacokinetic factors. Plasma drug levels are only useful when dosing history and timing of the blood sample, relative to drug administration, are considered. Despite several limitations, plasma concentration monitoring of antiarrhythmic drugs can be helpful if evaluated with an understanding of the pharmacokinetic properties of the drug being measured, the clinical status of the patient and an appreciation of the factors that may influence the relation between the measured level and resultant clinical response. PMID- 6624651 TI - Treatment and prophylaxis of ventricular arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Remarkable advances have been made in the management of cardiac disease in the last 20 years, but antiarrhythmic drug strategy in the acute phase of myocardial infarction remains less than satisfactory. Primary ventricular fibrillation (VF), once considered predictable on the basis of detection of "warning arrhythmias," cannot be anticipated. Management must be either expectant or prophylactic. Restriction of drug use to selected patients and the apparent lack of effect of VF on late prognosis argue for the former approach, yet safe and effective prevention of VF is an attractive therapeutic goal. High-dose intravenous lidocaine probably offers efficacy but the risk-benefit ratio of this regimen is still debated. Adoption of a prophylactic regimen mandates drug administration to a large number of patients who either are not at risk of developing VF (noninfarct patients) or who are destined not to develop VF (70 to 95% of infarct patients). Ventricular arrhythmias other than VF are common in acute infarction and, for emotional rather than scientific reasons, often are aggressively treated. Little evidence exists to support this management. Few ventricular arrhythmias at this time in infarction have either immediate importance or prognostic significance. Reevaluation of antiarrhythmic drug use and arrhythmia treatment in acute myocardial infarction is long overdue. However, there is a paucity of controlled data upon which to base new strategies, and clinical research in this field is hampered by ethical considerations, by rigidly held but unscientifically based beliefs and by a lack of fundamental knowledge of arrhythmia mechanisms and their significance. PMID- 6624653 TI - Uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction: long-term management. AB - The components of long-term management of the patient recovered from uncomplicated myocardial infarction include identification and alteration of nonatherosclerotic factors that might increase the risk of early reinfarction or sudden coronary death, alteration of modifiable coronary atherosclerotic risk factors to prevent progression or induce regression of the atherosclerotic process, and optimal restoration and maintenance of residual cardiovascular function to help improve the quality of life of the patient. PMID- 6624654 TI - Exercise stress testing in the post-myocardial infarction patient. AB - Recent studies indicate that predischarge evaluation of the post-myocardial infarction (MI) patient is important in predicting their subsequent course and the need for specific treatment. Left ventricular function, residual ischemia and the tendency toward ventricular arrhythmias can all be assessed noninvasively in the late hospital phase. Stress testing is 1 of the most useful and widely available of these techniques. An impaired hemodynamic response to exercise expressed by excessive tachycardia, plateau or falling blood pressure or reduced work load capacity suggests an increased risk of recurrent cardiac events in the near future. Angina or electrocardiographic abnormalities, including arrhythmias, also indicate a less favorable outcome. A good performance in a post-MI stress test is associated with a relatively good prognosis. The exercise electrocardiogram, therefore, appears to be a useful screening device for evaluating post-MI patients. Other noninvasive tests such as radionuclide ventriculography, exercise thallium scanning, Holter monitoring and echocardiography greatly augment the predictive value of exercise electrocardiography, and a patient profile should be developed using all the available clinical and laboratory data. Patients with a poor prognostic profile may then undergo further testing, such as coronary angiography, and their subsequent therapy modified appropriately. PMID- 6624655 TI - Prognosis after myocardial infarction. AB - A substantial number of patients die in the first year after myocardial infarction. The major determinants of risk during this period appear to be the extent of either damaged or potentially ischemic myocardium and the degree of electrical instability. Anterior infarction, early left ventricular failure, late significant arrhythmias, and markedly reduced radionuclide left ventricular ejection fraction are the major clinical markers of risk. PMID- 6624656 TI - Early recognition of the patient at late high risk: incomplete infarction and vulnerable myocardium. AB - The process of identifying patients with myocardial infarction (MI) at high risk after hospital discharge should begin at admission. By using basic clinical and laboratory information, enhanced by a wide variety of noninvasive tests, not only can individual patients at risk be recognized, but also the processes that determine risk can, at least in part, be appreciated. Outcome is affected by the extent of damaged tissue and, apparently, by the amount of potentially ischemic muscle. MI may change the coronary circulation such that a new and fragile balance between supply and demand results, both within and outside the infarct zone; that is, the infarct may be incomplete and the viable muscle within it may then be vulnerable to later ischemia. Muscle outside the infarct zone may be left in much the same precarious state. Also, coronary spasm may not be infrequent in the weeks after MI. These factors together may underlie recurrent post-MI myocardial ischemia. PMID- 6624657 TI - Plasma lipid and lipoprotein profiles of cigarette smokers from randomly selected families: enhancement of hyperlipidemia and depression of high-density lipoprotein. AB - Cigarette smoking is an important risk factor for coronary heart disease. However, its mechanisms of action remain to be fully explored. The hypothesis of the present study is that 1 mechanism whereby cigarette smoking enhances coronary disease might result from its effects upon the plasma lipids. Accordingly, we measured the plasma lipids and lipoproteins in cigarette smokers, exsmokers and nonsmokers from 233 randomly selected American families. Cigarette smokers (male and female) had significantly lower high-density lipoprotein levels and higher very low density lipoprotein and plasma triglyceride levels than the exsmokers and nonsmokers. The plasma levels of lipids and lipoproteins were related to the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Heavier cigarette smokers (greater than 25 cigarettes/day) had significantly lower high-density lipoprotein levels and significantly higher very low density lipoprotein total cholesterol and plasma triglyceride levels than those who smoked less than 25 cigarettes/day, nonsmokers and exsmokers. The lipid and lipoprotein values of those who smoked less than 15 cigarettes/day were similar to those of exsmokers and nonsmokers. Inasmuch as exsmokers had levels of plasma lipids and lipoproteins similar to those of nonsmokers, these findings add another health-enhancing benefit to the cessation of smoking. PMID- 6624658 TI - Value of left ventricular ejection fraction in extensive anterior infarction to predict development of ventricular tachycardia. AB - In 33 patients admitted with an extensive acute anterior myocardial infarction (MI), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was determined within 1 week after MI using radionuclide angiography. In 15 patients, sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) developed in the second and third week after MI. Thirteen of the 15 patients had an LVEF less than 40%. Only 3 of 18 patients who did not develop late VT had an LVEF less than 40%. Of the 15 patients who developed VT, 8 had right bundle branch block within 48 hours after the onset of chest pain. Right bundle branch block was seen in only 3 of the 18 patients who did not develop VT. We conclude that in patients with extensive anterior MI, a radionuclide LVEF of less than 40% identifies a group at high risk of developing VT within a few weeks after MI. PMID- 6624659 TI - Electrocardiographic criteria for the diagnosis of anterior myocardial infarction: importance of the duration of precordial R waves. AB - A systematic evaluation of a large number of electrocardiographic (ECG) variables that might be useful for diagnosing anterior myocardial infarction (MI) is reported. Previous anterior MI was shown to be present or absent by cardiac catheterization in 199 patients. The best discriminator between cases and noncases of anterior MI in most patients is the presence of a Q wave of any magnitude or an initial R wave less than 20 ms in lead V2. In patients with ECG evidence of associated left ventricular or type C right ventricular enlargement, the more stringent criterion of a Q wave of any magnitude in lead V2 yielded the optimal combination of sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing anterior MI. The diagnostic performance of the proposed criteria for anterior MI is superior to that of more traditional criteria that use measurements of the absolute and relative amplitudes of precordial R waves. PMID- 6624660 TI - Subtle left ventricular asynergy with completely obstructed coronary arteries. AB - The phenomenon of apparently normal angiographic left ventricular wall motion in the presence of greater than or equal to 1 completely obstructed coronary artery was investigated in 16 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) by quantitative phasic biplane cineangiography. Angiographic contours were digitized at quarterly intervals throughout ejection and 9 areas of motion were measured in both right and left anterior oblique planes. Normal values were derived from 18 other patients who had normal coronary arteries and normal left ventricular function. Areas of asynergy undetected when quantitative analysis was applied only at end-systole in the right anterior oblique plane were found in 12 of the 16 patients with CAD: in 2 patients by end-systolic analysis in the left anterior oblique plane and in 10 patients by phasic analysis of both planes. Of 19 asynergic areas 18 corresponded to sites of high-grade CAD. All patients had angina pectoris, but only 5 had clinical or electrocardiographic evidence of prior infarction. PMID- 6624661 TI - Response of patients after myocardial infarction to carrying a graded series of weight loads. AB - Cardiovascular responses to carrying graded weight loads of 20 to 50 pounds were determined in 52 patients after myocardial infarction (MI) (greater than or equal to 2 months). Sixty percent of the patients were stopped before completing the heaviest weight load (50 pounds for 2 minutes) because of an increase in diastolic blood pressure (BP) to 120 mm Hg (end point) or arm fatigue. Compared with symptom-limited graded dynamic exercise, peak systolic and diastolic BP were significantly greater (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01, respectively) with weight carrying, while peak heart rate, pressure-rate product, ventilation and oxygen consumption were significantly lower (p less than 0.01). Ischemic responses were less frequent with weight carrying. Patients with severely reduced resting left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (less than 35%) tolerated the weight carrying test as well as patients with normal resting LVEFs (greater than 50%). We conclude that (1) ischemic responses occur less frequently while carrying up to 50 pounds for 2 minutes than with symptom-limited dynamic exercise, (2) a significant number of patients have an increase in diastolic BP greater than or equal to 120 mm Hg while carrying objects that weigh 30 to 50 pounds for 2 minutes, and (3) a poor correlation exists between resting LVEF and tolerance for weight carrying. PMID- 6624662 TI - Left ventricular diastolic properties and filling characteristics during spontaneous angina pectoris at rest. AB - Diastolic left ventricular (LV) properties were studied at rest and during spontaneous angina pectoris during cardiac catheterization in 10 patients with severe coronary artery disease. During spontaneous angina there was a significant increase in LV filling pressures through diastole. The right ventricular end diastolic pressure was measured at rest and during spontaneous angina in 7 of 10 patients and showed an increase from 7 +/- 3 to 10 +/- 4 mm Hg (mean +/- SD) (p less than 0.02). The T index (a measure of LV isovolumic relaxation) at rest was 51 +/- 17 ms and increased during angina to 58 +/- 12 ms (p less than 0.01), indicating an early diastolic relaxation dysfunction. Frame-by-frame LV volumes and corresponding pressures were analyzed from 3 consecutive beats in 5 of 10 patients. In 4 of these 5, the pressure-volume loop shifted upward and slightly to the right during angina. There was a significant increase in the rate of filling during mid-diastole with angina. Left atrial stroke work index increased by 35% during angina, suggesting an increased work load on the left atrium to maintain late diastolic filling. PMID- 6624663 TI - Noninvasive assessment of coronary artery disease. AB - This study determines whether a mathematical model can be used to assess noninvasively the extent of coronary artery disease (CAD). The model was based on stepwise multivariate discriminant analysis of data obtained in 99 patients from clinical and nonhemodynamic exercise variables, or from radionuclide determination of left ventricular function at rest or during exercise, or both. The extent of CAD was assessed by a scoring system and by the number of diseased vessels. The variables selected by this method (Q-wave infarction, exercise LV ejection fraction, change in systolic blood pressure from rest to exercise, sex and diabetes mellitus) yielded a predictive accuracy of 82% for the identification of patients with extensive CAD (score greater than or equal to 35). Slightly better results were achieved by a subgroup of 77 patients who had adequate exercise end points (exercise heart rate greater than or equal to 120 beats/min, or angina or ST depression during exercise). In these patients, the predictive accuracy was 84%. The model also identified patients with "light" CAD (score less than or equal to 10) with a predictive accuracy of 82%. Thus, noninvasive assessment of the extent of CAD is possible with a stepwise multivariate discriminant analysis of clinical, electrocardiographic and left ventricular function assessed by radionuclide ventriculography at rest and during exercise. The scoring system was superior to the conventional method of classifying patients according to the number of diseased vessels. PMID- 6624664 TI - A versatile pacemaker system for termination of tachycardias. PMID- 6624665 TI - Determinants of defibrillation: prospective analysis of 183 patients. AB - Previous studies have suggested that a number of factors may influence the ability to defibrillate: the transthoracic resistance and resultant current flow, the paddle electrode size, the duration of preshock ventricular fibrillation (VF) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation, metabolic abnormalities, body weight, the shock energy selected, and whether the patient is receiving lidocaine. To examine the effect of these variables, a prospective study was conducted of 183 patients who received direct-current shocks for VF. Overall defibrillation rates approached 90%, even in patients with secondary VF, but rates of successful resuscitation and survival were much lower. Patients who never defibrillated despite multiple shocks had a prolonged duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation preceding the first shock (21 +/- 14 minutes) and systemic hypoxia and acidosis. These conditions tended to occur in patients who initially had cardiac arrest from causes other than VF: asystole, severe bradycardia and electromechanical dissociation. In such patients, VF developed only as a late event, which was then often unresponsive to attempted defibrillation. The other factors examined were not major determinants of defibrillation. PMID- 6624666 TI - Clinical and electrophysiologic assessment of oral flecainide acetate for recurrent ventricular tachycardia: evidence for exacerbation of electrical instability. AB - Four patients with recurrent, symptomatic ventricular tachycardia (VT) refractory to conventional antiarrhythmic agents were given flecainide acetate to control arrhythmias. Ventricular stimulation studies were performed in all patients before and 1 to 2 weeks after initiation of oral flecainide therapy. Before flecainide, all patients had easily inducible VT that was morphologically identical to their spontaneously occurring arrhythmia. Flecainide increased the mean PR interval (from 0.17 to 0.23 second), mean QRS duration (from 0.08 to 0.12 second) and mean ventricular effective refractory period (from 235 to 270 ms). Mean corrected QT interval did not change (0.51 second). In 2 patients, VT could not be induced during follow-up stimulation studies. One patient has been treated successfully for 10 months, with no clinically apparent episodes of VT. One patient had recurrent nonsustained VT and was withdrawn from the study as a treatment failure after 6 months of therapy. Two patients had inducible, polymorphous VT that degenerated into ventricular fibrillation that required 2 countershocks before the successful restoration of sinus rhythm. One of these patients had VT stimulation by atrial pacing at a cycle length of 320 ms in the postflecainide electrophysiologic study. VT was not inducible by atrial pacing during this patient's preflecainide study. Thus, sustained oral flecainide administration may precipitate serious electrical instability in susceptible patients, and ventricular stimulation studies and other clinical variables may be useful in selecting patients with recurrent VT who may benefit or may be endangered by oral flecainide therapy. PMID- 6624667 TI - Differentiation of septal from free wall accessory pathway location: observations during bundle branch block in reciprocating tachycardia in the presence of type I antiarrhythmic drugs. AB - In patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, observations during bundle branch block (BBB) in reciprocating tachycardia are of value in accessory pathway localization. Most importantly, an increase in the ventriculoatrial (VA) interval of greater than or equal to 35 ms has indicated an ipsilateral free wall location and excluded a septal location. The present study examined whether data collected in the presence of type I antiarrhythmic drugs retained localizing value. Review of retrospective data showed that observations in the drug-free state were precluded by the need to suppress atrial arrhythmia during electrophysiologic study in 20% of patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome who underwent preoperative workup. Prospectively, in 15 patients with left free wall or posteroseptal pathways, we observed transient left BBB during tachycardia before and after administration of procainamide, disopyramide or quinidine. Serum drug levels ranged from 4.6 to 6.9 mg/liter, except in 1 patient with a serum procainamide level of 18 mg/liter. Drugs increased the VA interval during narrow QRS tachycardia by 17% (p less than 0.01). However, the change in the VA interval with left BBB was not significantly affected. The baseline and drug values averaged 73 ms (range 39 to 94) and 70 ms (range 39 to 90), respectively, for left free wall pathways (n = 8), and 19 ms (range 0 to 28) and 21 ms (range 2 to 35), respectively, for posteroseptal pathways (n = 7). Among the latter, the interval increased less than 30 ms during left BBB except in the patient with the high serum procainamide level, in whom the increase was 35 ms. Thus, the VA interval change that accompanied left BBB remained of localizing value with moderate blood levels of type I drugs, and an increase greater than or equal to 35 ms indicated a left free wall rather than posteroseptal pathway. PMID- 6624668 TI - Left bundle branch block and mechanical events of the cardiac cycle. AB - Left bundle branch block (LBBB) is associated with a prolongation of the interval from the QRS onset to the onset of left ventricular (LV) ejection. The locus and prevalence of specific sites of delay were examined in 56 patients with complete LBBB using echocardiography, phonocardiography and external pulse recordings. The results were compared with those in 52 control subjects without LBBB. The onset of the QRS complex was used as the initial reference point of measurement of time intervals. The following abnormalities were found in patients with LBBB: (1) delayed mitral valve closure (Q-MC greater than 0.08 second) was the major site of delay in 23% of patients; (2) prolongation of the LV isovolumetric contraction time (greater than 0.06 second) was the major site of delay in 41%; (3) both Q-MC and LV isovolumetric contraction time were prolonged in 18%; and (4) in 26% of patients the onset of ventricular contraction determined by the onset of the increase of the apex impulse was delayed (Q-VC greater than 0.07 second). The most common cause of delayed ejection was a prolonged LV isovolumetric contraction time, which occurred in 59% of patients. A control group of 20 patients with abnormal LV function but without LBBB had a low incidence of the 3 types of delay in LV ejection (0 to 15%). Thus, the major abnormalities in the cardiac cycle in LBBB are due to the conduction defect and not to LV dysfunction. The results of this study suggest the presence of variable abnormalities of conduction in complete LBBB. PMID- 6624669 TI - Effect of exercise training on the blood pressure and hemodynamic features of hypertensive adolescents. AB - Twenty-five adolescents (aged 16 +/- 1 years) whose blood pressure (BP) was persistently above the 95th percentile for their age and sex were studied before and after 6 +/- 1 months of exercise training and again 9 +/- 1 months after the cessation of training. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2) increased significantly with training. There was no change in body weight or sum of skinfolds. Both systolic and diastolic BP decreased significantly with training; however, complete BP normalization was not achieved. When the subjects were retested 9 +/- 1 months after cessation of training, systolic BP and VO2 max had returned to pretraining levels; however, diastolic BP was still below pretraining levels in the subjects who had diastolic hypertension initially. Except in subjects who initially had an elevated cardiac output, no consistent hemodynamic changes were found with training or cessation of training to account for the reductions in BP. The subjects whose resting cardiac outputs were high initially had significantly lower cardiac outputs after training as a result of decreases in both heart rate and stroke volume; however, vascular resistance remained unchanged. Sedentary control subjects with similar BP had no significant change in any of the variables measured over a similar period. These data indicate that moderate endurance exercise training can lower BP in otherwise healthy hypertensive adolescents as an initial therapeutic intervention. PMID- 6624670 TI - Natural history of the flail mitral leaflet syndrome: a serial 2-dimensional echocardiographic study. PMID- 6624671 TI - Echocardiographic evaluation of normal and prolapsed tricuspid valve leaflets. AB - The tricuspid valve was examined by 2-dimensional (2-D) echocardiography in 14 patients with tricuspid valve prolapse (TVP) and in 16 normal subjects. Individual leaflets were identified anatomically and for frequency of prolapse. Maximal and minimal anular sizes were measured. Multiple tomograms of the tricuspid anulus were recorded at 30 degrees intervals around the tricuspid anulus with the transducer placed at the right ventricular apex. Anuli were reconstructed from the 6 planes and corrected for body surface area. Three leaflets of the tricuspid valve could be anatomically identified in all patients. Prolapse of all 3 leaflets was observed in 6 patients, 2 leaflets in 5 and 1 in 3. Frequency of individual leaflet prolapse was 93% for the septal cusp, 86% for the anterior and 43% for the posterior. Maximal anular circumference and area in TVP were 7.9 +/- 0.6 and 8.9 +/- 1.3 cm2/m2, respectively--significantly larger than values in normal subjects (6.4 +/- 0.5 cm/m2 and 6.1 +/- 0.9 cm2/m2, respectively) (p less than 0.001). Percent reductions in circumference and area in TVP were 14 +/- 3 and 25 +/- 5%, respectively--significantly smaller values than in normal subjects (19 +/- 4 and 33 +/- 4%, respectively). Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) was detected by contrast echocardiography in 7 of 14 patients with TVP. The severity of TR appeared to be minimal in 6 of the 7 patients, and was not associated with an increase in anular size. Thus, TVP is associated with anular dilatation irrespective of associated TR, probably as a primary pathologic characteristic. PMID- 6624673 TI - Cardiac hemochromatosis: beneficial effects of iron removal therapy. An echocardiographic study. AB - The echocardiographic (echo) features of idiopathic hemochromatosis (IH) were studied in 22 patients. Results were compared with a control group of 22 patients without heart disease. Statistically significant increases in left ventricular (LV) mass, end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters of the left ventricle and in left atrial dimension were observed in patients with IH; significant changes of systolic function indexes (decrease in fractional shortening and ejection fraction and increase in distance of the E point to the septum) were seen as well. These echo abnormalities were mainly seen in patients with abnormal electrocardiograms. In 11 patients with IH, iron removal therapy was carried out by means of periodic phlebotomies. In patients with impaired LV function at the beginning of therapy, comparison between measurements of the initial echo and posttreatment echo showed significant improvement in LV diameters, fractional shortening, ejection fraction, distance from the E point to the septum, LV mass and left atrial dimension. PMID- 6624672 TI - Exercise testing in aortic regurgitation: comparison of radionuclide left ventricular ejection fraction with exercise performance at the anaerobic threshold and peak exercise. PMID- 6624674 TI - Cardiac rhythm and conduction before and after anatomic correction of transposition of the great arteries. AB - To assess pre- and postoperative arrhythmias associated with anatomic correction of transposition of the great arteries, 34 patients had 145 standard electrocardiograms (ECGs) and 24 of these patients had 46 24-hour ECGs from 11 months before to 54 months after anatomic repair. Twenty-two patients underwent balloon atrial septostomy and 7 surgical atrial septectomy before the initial 24 hour ECG. Anatomic correction included repair of a large ventricular septal defect in 16 patients and an aortopulmonary window in 1 patient. The preoperative standard ECG showed sinus rhythm in every patient. Preoperative 24-hour tapes revealed sinus arrhythmias in 2, sinus bradycardia at a rate of less than or equal to 50 beats/min in 1, junctional rhythm in 1 and rare premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) in 1. The postoperative 24-hour ECG showed atrioventricular dissociation in 1 patient, rare premature atrial contractions in 7, rare PVCs in 8 and sinus bradycardia with junctional escape in 1. Eight patients had PVCs on the postoperative ECG that were not noted on preoperative tapes. No patient had prolonged bradycardia (less than or equal to 50 beats/min), life-threatening arrhythmias or sudden death. Except for 1 patient with atrioventricular dissociation believed to be secondary to a preventable cause, 34 patients followed for 890 patient-months after anatomic correction for transposition of the great arteries had no significant arrhythmias. PMID- 6624675 TI - R-wave amplitude changes during exercise in adolescents with left ventricular pressure and volume overload. PMID- 6624676 TI - Noninvasive diagnosis of persistent fetal circulation versus congenital cardiovascular defects. AB - Congenital cardiovascular anomalies associated with right-left atrial or ductal shunts must be excluded before a diagnosis of persistent fetal circulation (PFC) can be made. Despite the advent of 2-dimensional echocardiography (2-D echo), this differentiation can be difficult and may require cardiac catheterization with selective angiography. Fifteen consecutive cases were analyzed in which difficulty was encountered with this differential diagnosis, and experience with the use of cardiac auscultation, the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), arterial blood gas determinations and 2-D echo, both alone and with injection of venous contrast material, is reviewed. Electrocardiographic abnormalities of ventricular axis, hypertrophy or dominance (p = 0.002) and suspicion of cardiovascular disease on 2-D echo (p = 0.011) were the most useful findings in differentiating patients with PFC from those with congenital cardiovascular abnormalities. The ECG was the most sensitive test (100% sensitivity, 90% specificity), while 2-D echo was the most specific (100% specificity, 75% sensitivity). Evidence of right left shunting at atrial or ductal levels or both did not differentiate between the groups; both groups had evidence of such shunts. A decision tree was developed to facilitate this differential diagnosis, which uses the ECG and 2-D echo. If the ECG reveals no abnormalities of ventricular axis, dominance or hypertrophy, the 2-D echo shows no structural abnormalities, and total anomalous pulmonary venous return and coarctation/interruption of the aorta are specifically excluded, a congenital cardiovascular anomaly is effectively eliminated. We suggest that this approach can optimize the management of the cyanotic newborn with suspected PFC by eliminating the risks of cardiac catheterization and angiography without missing the diagnosis of a major structural cardiovascular anomaly. PMID- 6624677 TI - Twenty-four-hour continuous electrocardiography during exercise and free activity in 80 apparently healthy runners. AB - To determine the incidence of arrhythmias and conduction disturbances in trained athletes and the level of physical training at which they occur, 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic recordings were obtained in 80 healthy runners during both exercise and free activity. Subjects were grouped according to the number of miles per week (mpw) they had regularly run during the previous 3 months: Group I--0 to less than or equal to 5 mpw (less than or equal to 8 km); Group II--greater than 5 to less than or equal to 15 mpw (greater than 8 to less than or equal to 24 km); Group III--greater than 15 to less than or equal to 30 mpw (greater than 24 to less than or equal to 48 km); and Group IV--greater than 30 mpw (greater than 48 km). Ectopic ventricular complexes occurred in 41 of 80 subjects (50%) and ectopic supraventricular complexes occurred in 33 (41%). There were 2 episodes of paired ventricular ectopic activity and a 5-beat run of ventricular tachycardia with exercise. The study revealed no significant differences in the occurrence of arrhythmias or conduction disturbances in the different groups, although the 2 episodes of paired ventricular ectopic activity and 5-beat run of ventricular tachycardia are of concern. PMID- 6624678 TI - Left ventricular function at high altitude examined by systolic time intervals and M-mode echocardiography. AB - To better understand the effects of high-altitude hypoxia on cardiac performance, healthy lowland-residing volunteers were studied in 2 groups: 10 subjects after acute ascent to 12,500 ft (3,810 m) (acute group) and 9 subjects after chronic exposure for 6 weeks to 17,600 ft (5,365 m) and 11,000 ft (3,353 m) (chronic group). Systolic time intervals and M-mode echocardiograms were recorded at low and high altitudes. Heart rate was 21% greater at high altitude for all subjects. Preejection period/left ventricular ejection time (PEP/LVET) increased by 16% in the acute group and by 22% in the chronic group. Heart size was smaller at high altitude in both groups, with left atrial and left ventricular (LV) diameters decreasing by 10 to 12%. These changes were statistically significant (p less than or equal to 0.01). Despite the increase in PEP/LVET, echocardiographic measurements of LV function (percent fractional shortening and mean normalized velocity of circumferential fiber shortening) remained normal. LV isovolumic contraction time was shorter at high altitude, suggesting heightened, rather than depressed, contractility. LV function does not appear to deteriorate at high altitude. Alterations in systolic time intervals probably result from decreased preload, as reflected by smaller heart size, rather than from heart failure or depressed LV contractility. PMID- 6624679 TI - Noninvasive determination of systolic, diastolic and end-systolic blood pressure in neonates, infants and young children: comparison with central aortic pressure measurements. AB - Noninvasive determinations of systolic and diastolic blood pressure using the oscillometric method for pressure measurement were combined with externally recorded axillary pulse tracings to estimate end-systolic pressure in 32 neonates, infants and young children. Results were compared with central aortic pressure measurements made at the time of central aortic catheter placement. Studies were performed in patients aged 1 day to 48 months who weighed 0.9 to 18.1 kg. A wide range of systolic (41 to 141 mm Hg), diastolic (22 to 73 mm Hg) and end-systolic (30 to 111 mm Hg) pressure values were found. The mean absolute pressure differences and percent errors (pressure difference divided by central aortic pressure) were 1.8 mm Hg and 2.5% for systolic, 0.8 mm Hg and 0.8% for diastolic and 1.4 mm Hg and 2.1% for end-systolic pressure. No correlation was noted between percent error and age, weight, heart rate, cardiac index or systemic vascular resistance. The ability to perform reliable noninvasive pressure measurements should prove invaluable for clinical and research purposes. In addition, this method of end-systolic blood pressure determination enables sensitive indexes of left ventricular contractility to be measured noninvasively in small children. PMID- 6624680 TI - Effects of laser irradiation on human thrombus: demonstration of a linear dissolution-dose relation between clot length and energy density. AB - Because vascular thrombosis often accompanies arteriosclerotic disease in occluding blood vessels, the dissolution properties of laser irradiation were investigated and the energies needed to penetrate different lengths of thrombus were quantitated. Spectrophotometric studies show that the blood clot due to the presence of hemoglobin is well absorbed by argon laser energies, which emit blue green wavelengths between 454 and 514 nm. Thus, laser energies transmitted directly from an argon-ion source produced vaporization and penetration of human thrombus in a linear dose-response fashion; the longer the thrombus, the greater the power intensity or time exposure necessary to penetrate the clot. PMID- 6624681 TI - Determination of atrial size by esophageal echocardiography. AB - The sizes of both left atrial (LA) and right atrial (RA) cavities were assessed in 16 patients by esophageal echocardiography and biplane cineangiography. The changes in echocardiographic dimension and cineangiographic volume during 1 cardiac cycle showed excellent correlations in both atria. In the left atrium, the relation between the echocardiographic dimension and the cineangiographic volume was significant (r = 0.83) and was fitted by the following power function: LA volume (ml) = 0.94 X LA dimension (mm) 1.24. In the right atrium, the relation between the dimension and the volume was significant; RA volume (ml) = 0.015 X RA dimension (mm) 2.34 (r = 0.95). Thus, esophageal echocardiography is a useful method for evaluating LA and RA size and simultaneously observing of both atria. PMID- 6624682 TI - Causes of cine image quality deterioration in cardiac catheterization laboratories. AB - Deterioration of cineangiographic image quality can result from malfunctions or technical errors at a number of points along the cine imaging chain: generator and automatic brightness control, x-ray tube, x-ray beam geometry, image intensifier, optics, cine camera, cine film, film processing, and cine projector. Such malfunctions or errors can result in loss of image contrast, loss of spatial resolution, improper control of film optical density (brightness), or some combination thereof. While the electronic and photographic technology involved is complex, physicians who perform cardiac catheterization should be conversant with the problems and what can be done to solve them. Catheterization laboratory personnel have control over a number of factors that directly affect image quality, including radiation dose rate per cine frame, kilovoltage or pulse width (depending on type of automatic brightness control), cine run time, selection of small or large focal spot, proper object-intensifier distance and beam collimation, aperture of the cine camera lens, selection of cine film, processing temperature, processing immersion time, and selection of developer. PMID- 6624684 TI - Coronary angiography: safety in numbers? PMID- 6624683 TI - Fatty acylcarnitine accumulation and membrane injury in ischemic canine myocardium. AB - Although previous work has shown that long chain fatty acylcarnitine derivatives accumulate in ischemic canine myocardium, their role in the production of irreversible injury and associated sarcolemmal membrane injury is undefined. The present study examines the temporal and topographic relationship of the accumulation of long chain acylcarnitine with the uptake of technetium pyrophosphate and tissue calcium content during ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in canine myocardium. After 60 minutes of fixed LAD ligation, there was no significant increase in long chain acylcarnitine content in the ischemic subendocardium compared with the corresponding nonischemic value. However, the ischemic subendocardium was irreversibly injured at this time, as assessed by a 4-fold increase in tissue calcium content and a 20 fold increase in technetium-99m pyrophosphate uptake after reperfusion. The ischemic subepicardium showed a 41% increase in long chain acylcarnitine content compared with the corresponding nonischemic subepicardium. However, the ischemic subepicardium contained only 50% of the calcium content and 10% of the technetium 99m pyrophosphate uptake found in the ischemic subendocardium. It is concluded that increases in fatty acylcarnitine can be dissociated from the development of irreversible ischemic injury during fixed LAD occlusion in ischemic canine myocardium. PMID- 6624685 TI - Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia associated with atrioventricular conduction disturbance. PMID- 6624686 TI - Right ventricular thrombus formation in association with acute myocardial infarction: diagnosis by 2-dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 6624687 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiographic identification of aortico-left ventricular tunnel. PMID- 6624688 TI - The development of alveolar septa in fetal sheep lung. An ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study. AB - The morphogenesis of pulmonary alveolar septa in the sheep was studied by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and light microscopic immunohistochemistry for the detection of elastin. The primordia of alveolar septa developed in the glandular stage in areas subjacent to the epithelium, and formed alveolar septa by protruding into the glandular lumina. In their earliest stage, the primordia consisted of groups of fibroblasts, which were associated with elastic fibers and unit collagen fibrils and were surrounded by epithelial basement membrane and by more immature fibroblasts. The fibroblasts in the primordia subsequently became myofibroblasts or smooth muscle cells. In the alveolar zone of the glands, elastic fibers were exclusively found in the primordia of alveolar septa in early developing lung. In early developing lung, wavy, thickened epithelial basement membranes were found in the regions of the glands, which eventually underwent considerable expansion of their surface areas, especially in the primordia of alveolar septa and the bifurcations in the alveolar zones. Areas of fusion of the basement membranes of capillary endothelial cells and epithelial cells in the alveolar zone were found after the formation of the primordia of alveolar septa was accomplished. These areas of fusion were not found in the primordia themselves, but in regions between the primordia. Epithelial cell flattening and differentiation occurred after the formation of the primordia of alveolar septa, and flattening was first observed in the areas of the primordia and the bifurcations of the alveolar zones. PMID- 6624689 TI - [3H]thymidine uptake in cells of rat condylar cartilage. AB - Weanling rats were injected intraperitoneally with [3H]thymidine and sacrificed from 5 min to 20 days later. Their mandibular condylar cartilages were examined histologically, by thin-layer autoradiography, and by using liquid scintillation and microscopic counting methods. Labeled DNA appeared in some of the chondrocytes of the resting zone as early as 10 min postinjection, and reached the proliferative zone by 24 hr and the hypertrophic zone by 4 days. The labeling pattern in the last zone was more disperse, being oriented toward the periphery of the cells as they became hypertrophic. The maximum number of labeled chondrocytes was reached by 2 hr postinjection. These amounted to approximately 11% of the total chondrocyte population, the majority of which were located in the resting zone (73%). It is concluded that, over this period, the mitotic index for these cells is 50-60 per thousand resulting in approximately 100 labeled chondrocytes. In addition, some of the chondroclasts at the erosion front contained labeled DNA as early as 5 min after [3H]thymidine administration. By 10 min, 65% of these cells exhibited one or more labeled nuclei, and the ratio of labeled cells remained high through 20 days. Chondroclasts were seen to contain a diffuse label within their cytoplasm after 5 days. This label was similar to that seen in hypertrophic chondrocytes that had reached the erosion front by that time. Clearly, chondroclasts exhibit nuclear division and do not form from fusion of hypertrophic chondrocytes, although which specific mononuclear cells may act as chondroclast progenitors is not clear. In addition, these multinucleate resorbing cells are capable of ingesting or phagocytizing nuclear remnants from hypertrophic chondrocytes at the eroding face of cartilage. PMID- 6624690 TI - Occlusion and reformation of the rat uterine lumen during pregnancy. AB - Implantation sites were obtained from rats at various stages of pregnancy and were studied by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Early in pregnancy the uterine luminal epithelium and the decidual cells in the implantation site formed an implantation chamber containing the conceptus. The epithelial cells lining the chamber and the mouth of the chamber degenerated, and the uterine lumen that was mesometrial to the conceptus was obliterated such that the uterine lumen became discontinuous, and the luminal epithelia of intersite areas were isolated. As the conceptus continued to grow, the decidua-conceptus unit bulged into the intersite areas and was partially covered by an epithelium that eventually became discontinuous and degenerated. Once this had occurred, the luminal epithelium of the intersite areas reestablished contact antimesometrial to the decidua-conceptus unit, and the uterine lumen was again continuous. However, the epithelium lining the lumen was not complete in the mesometrial region because of the vascular connections between the uterine stroma and the placenta. Factors influencing the restructuring of the uterine luminal epithelium were discussed. PMID- 6624691 TI - A morphometric analysis of craniofacial growth and changes in spatial relations during secondary palatal development in human embryos and fetuses. AB - Staged human embryos and fetuses in the Carnegie Embryological Collection were morphometrically analyzed to show craniofacial dimensions and changes in spatial relations, and to identify patterns that would reflect normal developmental events during palatal formation. Normal embryos aged 7-8 weeks postconception (Streeter-O'Rahilly stages 19-23) and fetuses aged 9-10 weeks postconception, in eight groups with mean crown-rump (CR) lengths of 18-49 mm, were studied with cephalometric methods developed for histologic sections. In the 4-week period studied, facial dimensions increased predominantly in the sagittal plane with extensive changes in length (depth) and height, but limited changes in width. Growth of the mandible was more rapid than the nasomaxillary complex, and the length of Meckel's cartilage exceeded the length of the oronasal cavity at the time of horizontal movement of the shelves during stage 23. Simultaneously with shelf elevation, the upper craniofacial complex lifted, and the tongue and Meckel's cartilage extended forward beneath the primary palate. Analysis of spatial relations in the oronasal cavity showed that the palatomaxillary processes became separated from the tongue--mandibular complex as the head extended, and the tongue became positioned forward with growth of Meckel's cartilage. As the head position extended by 35 degrees, the cranial base angulation was unchanged and the primary palate maintained a 90 degrees position to the posterior cranial base. However, the sagittal position of the maxilla relative to the anterior cranial base increased by 20 degrees between stages 19 and 23. In the late embryonic and early fetal periods, the mean cranial base angulation of approximately 128 degrees and the mean maxillary position angulation of approximately 84 degrees were similar to the angulations previously shown to be present later prenatally and post-natally. The results suggest that human patterns of cranial base angulation and maxillary position to the cranial base develop during the late embryonic period when the chondrocranium and Meckel's cartilage form the primary skeleton. PMID- 6624692 TI - Effects of pinealectomy on reproduction in the Syrian hamster mutant anophthalmic white (Wh). AB - The gene Wh, causing anophthalmia in the Syrian hamster, Mesocricetus auratus, is a pleiotropic gene affecting eye development, pigmentation, hearing, and reproduction. Male hamsters homozygous for this gene are usually sterile. Since both Wh and the pineal organ are known to suppress reproductive function, the objective of this study was twofold: (1) to determine whether Wh, by itself, influences testicular differentiation; and (2) to determine whether removal of the pineal gland will restore fertility to both experimentally blinded (B), genetically normal [wh/wh(B)] hamsters and mutant, eyeless (Wh/Wh) hamsters. Accordingly, one testis from each of ten wh/wh(B) and ten Wh/Wh hamsters at approximately 60 days of age was removed, and these testes were compared at the gross and light microscopic level. Since all testes were identical at 60 days of age and contained normal differentiating germ cells, the gene Wh does not appear to affect initial testicular differentiation. Testicular tissues from at least ten wh/wh, wh/wh(B), heterozygous (Wh/wh), and Wh/Wh hamsters, at 135 days of age, were also compared. Testes from all wh/wh(B), and 70% of the Wh/Wh hamsters were hypoplasic and aspermic. Approximately 30% of the testes from Wh/Wh hamsters contained some seminiferous tubules with normal sperm present. Pinealectomy fully restored adult testicular size and morphology in all wh/wh(B) and Wh/Wh hamsters. Thus, it was demonstrated that the atrophy of testes from Wh/Wh individuals is a pineal-mediated phenomenon due to failure of eye development and the subsequent lack of a functional visual pathway. Testes from Wh/Wh hamsters appear to be completely competent to respond to the normal, antigonadotrophic effects of the pineal. PMID- 6624693 TI - The effects of diet and zinc treatment on the fatty acid composition of serum lipids and adipose tissue and on serum lipoproteins in two adolescent patients with acrodermatitis enteropathica. AB - In two adolescent patients with acrodermatitis enteropathica fatty acid spectra in serum lipids and adipose tissue and serum lipoprotein concentrations were followed for about 7 yr. One patient was treated by diet and iv infusions of high amounts of linoleic acid and later by different doses of zinc. The other boy was given only varying doses of zinc. Extra supply of linoleic acid raised its concentrations in serum triglycerides, cholesterol esters, phospholipids, and adipose tissue lipids from low to normal or high levels. In both patients linoleic acid in serum lipids was sensible to the dose of zinc, decreasing when it was low and increasing when it was high. Serum triglycerides increased when the supply was low and was normalized when high doses were given. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, however, remained low throughout the study. We conclude that in acrodermatitis enteropathica zinc thus seems to be of importance in regulating linoleic acid and serum lipoprotein metabolism. PMID- 6624694 TI - Correlation between increased serum and tissue L-carnitine levels and improved muscle symptoms in hemodialyzed patients. AB - A group of 14 uremic patients on intermittent hemodialysis was admitted to a cross-over double-blind trial in order to evaluate serum and muscle carnitine levels before and after 60 days of L-carnitine oral (2 g/day) treatment. The morphology of muscle fragments was studied by light and electron microscopy. Symptoms (asthenia, cramps) occurring during hemodialysis were also recorded. After L-carnitine treatment the blood and muscle levels of the metabolite increased simultaneously to reduced asthenia and cramps. Morphological examination of the muscle of 13 of 14 patients did not reveal any pre- or posttreatment pathological alterations. The presence of nemaline rods was morphologically diagnosed in only one case and was no longer observed at the second biopsy at 2 months of L-carnitine treatment. PMID- 6624695 TI - Favorable effects of L-carnitine treatment on hypertriglyceridemia in hemodialysis patients: decisive role of low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. AB - Twenty-nine hemodialyzed patients with hypertriglyceridemia were given L carnitine (20 mg/kg iv at the end of each dialysis) for 120 days and then placebo for the same duration in order to evaluate the lipid-lowering effects of the metabolite. A dramatic reduction in triglyceride levels was observed only in the group of patients (n = 12) with high basal triglyceride values, low levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and with apoprotein A at the lower limit of normal range. During L-carnitine treatment these patients exhibited significantly increased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and apoprotein A. No rebound effects were observed. L-Carnitine did not provoke changes in the lipid parameters in the group (n = 17) with high basal triglyceride values, and normal high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and apoprotein A. Hematocrit values increased in all the 29 patients during L-carnitine treatment. At the end of the experimental protocol, L-carnitine dosage was increased to 60 mg/kg iv (at the end of each dialysis) in four patients of the group of nonresponders and prolonged for 60 days. This produced a considerable reduction in triglyceride levels. The above results suggest that L-carnitine can be effective in the management of hypertriglyceridemia in the hemodialyzed patient especially when low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels are present. PMID- 6624696 TI - Increased plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and vitamin B6 in male adolescents after 4500-meter run. AB - To investigate the effect of running on vitamin B6 metabolism, plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and total vitamin B6 levels were determined in male adolescent trained athletes before and immediately after a 4500-m run. Six to seven subjects were studied twice during the fall and once during the spring training seasons. A mean increase in pyridoxal 5'-phosphate of 0.77 +/- 0.31 to 1.83 +/- 0.77 nmol/100 ml of plasma was observed after the three runs (p less than 0.01). Similarly, significant increases (p less than 0.05) in plasma total vitamin B6 were seen in all three runs. These increases were not solely due to changes in plasma volume. From urine samples collected on two runs, urinary 4-pyridoxic acid excretion in this group of adolescents was found to be similar to that reported for male adults. While changes in plasma glucose were not significantly correlated with changes in vitamin B6 metabolites, it is hypothesized that the significant changes in vitamin B6 metabolites found in this study were related to an increased need for cofactor for gluconeogenesis. The changes found in this study do not provide evidence for or against an increased need for vitamin B6 in persons that exercise, but does show, for the first time, that exercise in the form of long distance running dramatically alters plasma levels of pyridoxal 5' phosphate. PMID- 6624697 TI - Vitamins A, E, and carotene: effects of supplementation on their plasma levels. AB - We conducted a randomized, double-blind trial among 59 generally well-nourished adults to determine the effects of vitamin A, vitamin E, and beta-carotene supplements on plasma retinol, alpha-tocopherol, and carotenoid levels. Over a period of 16 wk a daily alpha-tocopherol supplement of 800 IU approximately doubled plasma alpha-tocopherol levels (p less than 0.001), caused a small decrease in plasma carotenoids (p = 0.02), and produced a slight and statistically insignificant reduction in plasma retinol. A daily beta-carotene supplement of 30 mg (5000 retinol equivalents) approximately tripled plasma carotenoid levels (p less than 0.001) but did not affect plasma retinol or alpha tocopherol. A daily retinyl palmitate supplement of 25,000 IU (13,750 retinol equivalents) did not appreciably affect plasma retinol, alpha-tocopherol, or carotenoid. PMID- 6624698 TI - Leguminous seeds in the dietary management of hyperlipidemia. AB - Seven male hyperlipidemic patients substituted approximately 140g dried beans daily for other sources of starch in their diet over a 4-month period. After this, mean fasting serum triglyceride levels were reduced by 25 +/- 5% (p less than 0.01) while total serum cholesterol levels were 7 +/- 2% (p less than 0.5) lower than the values measured during the previous five clinic attendances (12 +/ 2.5 months). However, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels remained unaltered. While taking beans a nonsignificant fall (0.7 kg) was seen in body weight. Nevertheless no change was seen in macronutrient intake determined by 1-wk diet histories recorded both before and four times during the study, although cholesterol intake decreased by 80 mg (p less than 0.02). Reintroduction of dried leguminous seeds into a Western diet may be a useful adjunct to the management of hyperlipidemia. PMID- 6624699 TI - Alterations of chromium metabolism and effect of chromium supplementation in Turner's syndrome patients. AB - This study was conducted to investigate chromium metabolism and the effect of chromium supplementation in patients with Turner's syndrome, a condition noted for its high incidence of diabetes. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed in 14 patients 8 to 19 yr of age. Eight of the 14 subjects were given 30 g of brewer's yeast containing 50 micrograms of chromium every day for 8 wk and glucose tolerance tests repeated. Urine samples were collected before and after each glucose load. Serum lipids were also investigated. Before supplementation, urinary chromium/creatinine ratio was high, and the urinary chromium response to oral glucose tolerance test was absent. Cholesterol and/or triglyceride levels were high in three of the patients. After supplementation, a decrease in urinary Cr/Cre ratio, and an improvement in glucose area index total were noted. A decrease in cholesterol and/or triglyceride levels occurred in the three patients with high initial levels as well as an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. These findings indicate a state of chromium deficiency and support the hypothesis that chromium deficiency may have a role in the pathogenesis of the abnormal glucose tolerance tests encountered in Turner patients. PMID- 6624700 TI - Persistent immunological consequences of gestation zinc deprivation. AB - Recent work has shown that offspring of outbred mice deprived of adequate dietary zinc during the latter two-thirds of gestation exhibited a defective direct plaque-forming cell response to immunization with heterologous erythrocytes, as well as impaired ontogenesis of serum IgM. Moreover, such aberrant immunological measurements continued to be observed, although to a lesser degree, in F2 and F3 progeny. We now demonstrate that offspring of mice moderately deprived of zinc (5 ppm zinc diet) between days 7 and 20 of gestation also show an aberrant pattern of development of serum levels of IgG2a and IgA, despite complete nutritional rehabilitation beginning at birth. Only by 6 months of age were concentrations of these serum immunoglobulins similar to those in offspring of control dams. In contrast, levels of IgG1 and IgG2b were within normal ranges by 6 wk of age. Cross-fostering of zinc-deprived offspring to dams adequately nourished during pregnancy did little to ameliorate their aberrant pattern of serum immunoglobulin development. Defective maturation of serum IgG2a and IgA did not persist in F2 and F3 progeny. Nonetheless such 2nd and 3rd generation offspring continued to have higher than normal perinatal mortality. The alterations of immune ontogenesis in these mice could not be attributed to the persistence of abnormal plasma zinc levels, as these were within normal ranges. It would appear that zinc deficiency during gestation may alter the basic mechanism of development of immunological competence. PMID- 6624701 TI - Body weight, diet, and serum cholesterol in 871 middle-aged men during 10 years of follow-up (the Zutphen Study). AB - Information about anthropometric, dietary variables and serum cholesterol was collected in the Zutphen Study in 1960, 1965, and 1970. Relationships among those variables were analyzed both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. In all 3 yr significant correlations were observed between body weight and serum cholesterol. Serum cholesterol was also significantly inversely related to energy intake per kg body weight in all 3 yr after both univariate and multivariate analyses. The percentage energy intake from alcohol was significantly positively related to serum cholesterol in all 3 yr after univariate analyses and in 2 of the 3 yr after multivariate analyses. Changes in body weight during 5 and 10 yr of follow up were strongly positively related to changes in serum cholesterol during those periods. Multivariate analyses showed that a change of 1 kg in body weight was accompanied by a change in serum cholesterol of 2 mg/dl. Changes in dietary cholesterol per 1000 kcal were weakly significantly related to changes in serum cholesterol during 10 yr of follow-up. PMID- 6624702 TI - Nutritional status of children undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - Nutritional status was assessed in 24 clinically stable children, aged 9.68 +/- 4.31 (SD) yr, who underwent CAPD for 6.6 +/- 4.4 months. Energy intake tended to be more suppressed than protein intake. Several nutritional parameters were more abnormal in children less than 10 yr old as compared to children 10 yr of age or older. In comparison to normals of the same chronological age and sex, both groups of patients displayed reduced height, weight, midarm, and midarm muscle circumference, and, in the younger children, triceps skinfold; height retardation was particularly severe. Compared to height/age, anthropometry was not reduced in older children while triceps skinfold and midarm circumference were decreased in children younger than 10 yr. In both groups, serum total protein, albumin, transferrin, and many plasma amino acids were decreased, and serum triglycerides and cholesterol were elevated. Serum total protein decreased during treatment with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. These observations suggest decreased stature and poor nutritional status in children undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Low protein and energy intake and dialysate protein losses may contribute to these abnormalities. PMID- 6624703 TI - Plasma lipids of vegetarian and nonvegetarian males: effects of egg consumption. AB - Mean fasting plasma total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total triglycerides were 6, 7, and 19% lower (NS) in 36 vegetarian males compared to 18 nonvegetarian males of similar age, weight, height, alcohol consumption, and physical activity levels. None of the participants smoked. Although the vegetarian subjects were characterized by widely differing egg consumption levels, no relationships were observed between dietary or egg cholesterol intakes and plasma lipid levels. Total fat intake, however, appeared to exert an important influence upon plasma lipid levels within the vegetarian group. Total mean cholesterol and triglyceride levels were 11 and 21% lower and mean high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were 14% higher in low-fat vegetarians (23 to 33% kcal from fat) compared to high-fat vegetarians (35 to 48% kcal from fat). The similarity in lipid profiles between vegetarians and nonvegetarians may be partially explained by the relatively high fat intake (36.6%, mean) in the vegetarian subpopulation, and by the careful matching of vegetarians to nonvegetarians. PMID- 6624704 TI - Selenium status of a rural (predominantly Amish) community living in a low selenium area. AB - Selenium intake and blood selenium and selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase concentrations were assessed in a rural, 71% Amish, sample of residents in a region with low availability of soil selenium and in urban (Columbus, OH) residents. Subjects were interviewed (24-h dietary recalls) on three separate occasions over an 18-month period, and blood and food samples were taken for analysis (maximum subject observations = 452). Mean selenium intake of the entire population was 82.8 +/- 4.4 micrograms/day. Rural and urban residents at 82.0 +/- 4.9 and 83.6 +/- 4.4 micrograms/day, respectively, did not differ significantly in intake. A breakdown by gender within location demonstrated that rural males consumed the most selenium (104.7 +/- 6.1 micrograms/day) and rural females the least (59.3 +/- 6.3 micrograms/day). Rural subject groups had significantly lower mean whole blood, plasma, and erythrocyte selenium levels (12.5 to 14.5%) as well as blood selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase concentrations (5.6 to 10.8%) than urban groups. Subjects in both cohorts were in adequate selenium status as judged by blood parameters, even though about one-fourth of the dietary observations were below the safe and adequate range of selenium intake established by the Food and Nutrition Board. The rural diet was 18.3% lower in selenium density than the urban diet. High selenium grain products (greater than 0.2 micrograms/g) were the most important dietary selenium source in both groups, providing 29.3 to 41.6% of total intake. PMID- 6624705 TI - Validation of a dietary questionnaire with plasma carotenoid and alpha-tocopherol levels. AB - We assessed the validity of a self-administered semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire by comparing carotene and vitamin E intake scores derived from form with plasma carotenoid and alpha-tocopherol levels among a group of 59 men and women. The simple correlation between carotene intake and plasma carotenoid was 0.29 (p = 0.02) and the partial correlation was 0.35 (p = 0.005) after adjustment for age, sex, total caloric intake, and plasma cholesterol and triglycerides. The simple correlation between vitamin E intake and plasma alpha-tocopherol was 0.12 (p = 0.19). However, adjustment for total caloric intake and plasma lipids each substantially increased this association so that the partial correlation adjusting simultaneously for caloric intake, plasma lipids, age, and sex was 0.34 (p = 0.006). As expected on the basis of previous randomized trials, the correlation between preformed vitamin A intake and plasma retinol was weak and not statistically significant. These data support the utility of self administered food frequency questionnaires for use in epidemiological studies. In addition, they illustrate the importance of adjusting blood alpha-tocopherol levels for lipid concentrations when the former are used as surrogates for vitamin E intake. PMID- 6624706 TI - Similarity of obesity indices in clinical studies of obese adults: a factor analytic study. AB - The similarity of measurements obtained with six commonly used obesity indices was assessed with correlational and factor analyses performed on data for 951 obese adults participating in a weight reduction study. Intercorrelations among the indices were found to be very high, with a mean of 0.96. A factor analysis of the six indices resulted in a single factor which accounts for 97% of the aggregate variance in the six indices. A factor analysis of the six indices plus height and weight resulted in two factors. The six indices loaded nearly perfectly on one factor and not at all on the second. Height loaded perfectly on the second factor. The results of these analyses constitute strong empirical evidence that the obesity indices are measuring the same thing and that factor is independent of height. Although anthropological or other special studies may necessitate the use of a particular index, these results suggest that it should make little difference which of the six indices is used in a clinical study of obesity with obese adults. PMID- 6624708 TI - Body mass indices: a further commentary. PMID- 6624707 TI - Iron fortification: an update. AB - Iron fortification is the optimal approach to reducing the high prevalence of iron deficiency in developing countries. Selection of the iron source entails a compromise between the use of inert compounds which are poorly absorbed and chemically reactive forms with high bioavailability. Although the vehicle and fortification compound must be chosen in tandem because most iron compounds cause discoloration or rancidity, the emphasis in this review is on the food vehicle. Technology for fortifying wheat flour and bread is well established and the use of these vehicles has probably had a significant impact on iron status in Western countries. Recent studies in India indicate that the fortification of common salt is technically feasible and field trials have shown a good hematological response. Similar success has been achieved by fortifying refined sugar with NaFeEDTA in Guatemala. Rice has advantages as a vehicle in those areas where it is the staple food but the technology requires further development. Fish-based condiments have been successfully fortified with NaFeEDTA and show promise as a vehicle in East Asian countries. The fortification of infant foods poses no technical problems and should be encouraged. Additional work is needed to identify other fortification options and to develop targeted fortification programs that will direct iron to those segments of a population in greatest need. PMID- 6624709 TI - Antithrombin III and plasminogen: a comparison of two synthetic substrate-based methods. AB - We have evaluated and compared the DuPont aca and the KABI/CentrifiChem synthetic substrate-based methods for the quantitation of plasma plasminogen (PLG) and antithrombin III (AT III). Method precision was evaluated using normal human pooled plasma (NHP) as sample. Within-day and day-to-day PLG assays generated a CV of 2.0% and 2.9%, respectively, for the aca method. For the KABI/CentrifiChem PLG method, within-run (within-rotor) analysis produced a CV of 1.7%, and day-to day analysis produced a CV of 5.3%. The relationship between the aca (y axis) and the KABI/CentrifiChem (x axis) methods for PLG was found to be y = 0.99X - 1.4%, r = 0.979. Within-day precision for AT III by the aca method generated a CV of 4.6%, and day-to-day analysis produced a CV of 7.0%. The KABI/CentrifiChem AT III method generated a CV of 4.2% and 4.4% for within-run and day-to-day assays, respectively. The AT III correlation demonstrated a relationship of y = 0.84X + 15.2%, r = 0.952. The AT III and PLG reference ranges as established in our laboratory for healthy adults, pregnant women, and for cord blood specimens also are presented. PMID- 6624710 TI - Assay of Factor XII clotting activity in heparinized plasma. AB - Clotting tests based upon the activated partial thromboplastin time are disturbed by heparin. This brief communication shows that Factor XII clotting activity in plasma samples heparinized in vitro and in vivo can be measured accurately by means of an aPTT-test using congenitally deficient substrate plasma when the plasma dilution buffer contains hexadimethrine bromide (Polybrene), 15 mg/L. This method of neutralizing heparin obviates more complicated procedures such as heparin adsorption to anion exchange resins. PMID- 6624711 TI - Effects of Fluosol-DA (artificial blood) on clinical chemistry tests and instruments. AB - Artificial blood must be added to the list of therapeutic agents that produce interference with diagnostic laboratory tests. Fluosol-DA (Alpha Therapeutic Corp., Los Angeles, CA), a stable 20% emulsion of perfluorocarbons in aqueous medium, is being evaluated in clinical trials as a blood substitute in the United States. We investigated its effects in blood and serum samples on test results and instruments in the clinical chemistry laboratory. The 20% emulsion was added to blood or serum specimens in amounts corresponding to the replacement of in vivo plasma volumes of 10-50%, concentrations that would be expected in blood samples obtained from patients who have received Fluosol. Observed interferences mimicked those caused by high triglyceride concentrations in serum specimens: interference with chemical reactions and generation of spurious absorbance readings because of turbidity. These types of errors are often additive, and the cumulative effect may cause either erroneously high or low values for the analytes concerned. Because Fluosol may be used widely, although infrequently, for patients refusing blood transfusions on religious grounds and for patients with rare antibodies to red blood cells who require transfusion, laboratories analyzing specimens containing Fluosol should be aware of the potential errors. PMID- 6624712 TI - Definition of clinically relevant lactic acidosis in patients with internal diseases. AB - In order to define clinically relevant lactic acidosis, 12 biochemical variables, eight clinical symptoms and signs, leading diagnoses, and mortality were evaluated prospectively in approximately 2,000 unselected patients with internal diseases, consecutively admitted to the hospital. Patients with incomplete data sets were not considered. Of those patients who repeatedly were admitted to the hospital during the time of the study, only the first admission was included for statistical analysis. In addition to 11 definitions of lactic acidosis given in the literature, sequential cluster analyses of the biochemical variables were used to estimate the incidence of lactic acidosis in 1,467 patients. Depending upon which definition was used, 0.5-3.8% of all patients were classified as suffering from lactic acidosis, with a mortality rate ranging from 30-88%. From this study it is concluded that a limit of less than or equal to 7.35 for pH and of greater than 5-6 mmol/L for the concentration of lactate in whole blood will minimize false-negative or false-positive classifications. PMID- 6624713 TI - Subareolar abscess of the breast: diagnosis by fine-needle aspiration. AB - In a review of more than 1,600 fine-needle aspirates of the breast, the authors identified ten cases of subareolar abscess. This is a clinicopathologic entity well known to surgeons but seemingly unrecognized by pathologists. In this report, the authors describe the cytologic appearance of the lesion, discuss the role of fine-needle aspiration in its diagnosis, and familiarize pathologists with the histology and management of this disease. PMID- 6624714 TI - Serum marker of type III procollagen in patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis and its relationship to hepatic fibrosis. AB - A radioimmunoassay for serum procollagen III aminopeptide (sPIIIP) was proposed recently for monitoring hepatic fibroplasia in patients with various inflammatory hepatic lesions. To determine whether sPIIIP also can detect fibroplasia in noninflammatory liver disorders, we measured this index in 16 patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis (IHC) at various stages of the disease and iron overload. Interestingly, we found normal levels of sPIIIP in 12 out of 16 patients examined (75%), despite clear histologic features of fibrosis or cirrhosis. The levels of sPIIIP exhibited no relationship to any of the clinical, laboratory, or histologic parameters of the disease. Thus, unlike other types of cirrhosis, in which sPIIIP is increased, the liver disease in IHC may be a fibrotic process unrelated to type III collagen stimulation. Accordingly, the determination of sPIIIP in these patients is of no value for monitoring the fibrosis associated with the liver disease. PMID- 6624715 TI - Collagenous colitis. AB - Collagenous colitis is a newly described entity that clinically manifests itself as watery diarrhea of long-standing duration. The main histopathologic characteristic is the presence of a collagen band immediately beneath the colonic surface epithelium. Ultrastructurally, the collagen is deposited beneath the basement membrane, which is intact. Pathogenetically, an aberrant function of the pericryptal fibroblastic sheath may be involved. PMID- 6624716 TI - Pulmonary mucormycosis as a complication of chronic salicylate poisoning. AB - Mucormycosis is an often-fatal opportunistic fungal infection caused by members of the class Zygomycetes (Phycomycetes), order Mucorales. Most cases are diagnosed by histologic examination, through the identification of mucormycotic hyphae in infected tissues. Chronic debilitating conditions accompanied by acidosis such as diabetes mellitus, as well as leukemia, lymphoma, and immunodeficient states, predispose to the development of this type of opportunistic infection. This report describes a hitherto undescribed finding, the presence of structures consistent with sporangia in tissue sections, in a case of pulmonary mucormycosis occurring in a nondiabetic patient with metabolic acidosis secondary to chronic salicylate poisoning. PMID- 6624717 TI - Coccidioidal peritonitis. AB - Two cases of asymptomatic peritoneal coccidioidomycosis are described. The diagnoses were made from incidental herniorrhaphy in both cases. One patient who also had involvement of the chest wall did not receive systemic antifungal therapy but remained well one year later. The second patient received systemic amphotericin B and was asymptomatic six months later. A review of previously reported cases indicated that uncomplicated cases of coccidioidal peritonitis are usually self-limited. PMID- 6624718 TI - Omental anisakiasis: a rare mimic of acute appendicitis. AB - The authors recently encountered a patient with omental anisakiasis who presented with features of acute appendicitis and who made an uneventful recovery following resection of an inflammatory omental mass containing the larva(e). Anisakiasis refers to infestation of humans by species of marine nematode larvae belonging to the subfamily Anisakinae. Although this condition is rarely reported in the United States, it has been well described both in Holland and in the Orient. Several publications in the Japanese literature have detailed the morphology of the parasite and the clinical symptoms of infestation. The source of infestation is most often raw or uncooked fish, the latter widely enjoyed as a foodstuff in the Orient, but less popular in the United States. With the growing popularity of "sushi" bars and the increasing numbers of Americans developing a taste for raw fish, this condition may become more prevalent in the future. PMID- 6624719 TI - Progressive massive fibrosis of the lung secondary to intravenous injection of talc. A pathologic and mineralogic analysis. AB - We present a patient with a history of heroin addiction and 19 years of methadone maintenance who died of respiratory failure following nine years of slowly progressive dyspnea. During this nine-year period, chest x-rays consistently had revealed large, bilateral densities having the appearance of progressive massive fibrosis (PMF). At autopsy the lungs exhibited corresponding areas of dense, gritty consolidation, which microscopically showed an active granulomatous reaction with associated vascular obliteration. Throughout the lesions were refractile and birefringent plates of particulate material. Interstitial, perivascular, and vascular granulomas also were noted in the periphery of the lung. X-ray energy spectroscopy and diffraction studies of the particulates confirmed the presence of talc at levels of 540 X 10(6) particles/g of dried tissue in the mass lesion and 96 X 10(6)/g in the peripheral lung. Smaller numbers of silica particles also were identified. Approximately 30% of the talc particles were greater than 5 mu in maximum dimension, a finding consistent with intravenous delivery. Particles larger than 15 mu were only found in the mass lesion. We conclude that massive granulomatous lesions with the radiographic appearance of PMF can occur in association with intravenous injection of talc. We suggest that particle size and cumulative particle load are important in the pathogenesis of these lesions. PMID- 6624720 TI - Paravaginal wolffian duct (mesonephros) adenocarcinoma: a light and electron microscopic study. AB - This is a report of an adenocarcinoma of mesonephric origin studied by light microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunocytochemistry. Unlike previous reports, our lesion was located paravaginally and not in the leaves of the broad ligament or in the cervix. The light microscopic features are similar to those of previous cases in the literature. Although not specific, the ultrastructural features of the tumor are similar to those of mesonephric structures and different from those of mullerian structures. The diagnosis always should be considered when a tumor occurs at the site where mesonephric remnants may be found and after exclusion of a carcinoma of other pelvic organs or a metastasis from a primary neoplasm elsewhere. PMID- 6624721 TI - Need for uniformity of technics and definitions: monocytic differentiation in secondary acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 6624722 TI - Lymphoma versus AIDS. PMID- 6624724 TI - More on MCVs and hyper- and hyponatremia. PMID- 6624723 TI - Choosing appropriate reference ranges for sensitivity and specificity studies. PMID- 6624726 TI - College of American Pathologists Quality Assurance Programs. PMID- 6624725 TI - More on relatives, ratios, fractions, and rates. PMID- 6624727 TI - Stability of mean assay values of magnesium and iron in lyophilized quality control serum: a study based on data from the quality assurance service (QAS) of the College of American Pathologists. AB - Data from magnesium and iron analyses of pools of lyophilized quality control serum were used to evaluate stability of analyte mean values in the pre reconstitution period. Information was received from laboratories in Regional Quality Control Programs between 1977 and 1981, using CAP Quality Assurance Service data processing. For magnesium, 28 of 41 (68%) pool-method combinations were stable, 11 (27%) showed decreases, and 2 (5%) showed increases. Decreases averaged 0.008 mg/dL/month (all methods). A pronounced effect of method (automated methylthymol blue) and year correlated with decreases in measurable magnesium. For iron, 45 of 56 (80%) pool-method combinations were stable, 8 (15%) showed decreases, and 3 (5%) showed increases. Decreases averaged 0.349 g/dL (all methods). In most cases, changes in measured concentrations are attributed to methodologic factors, rather than intrinsic changes in analyte concentrations. PMID- 6624728 TI - Interlaboratory survey of enzyme analyses: V. A simplified method of reporting participants' data. AB - The College of American Pathologists' Enzyme Survey continues to provide a valuable measure of the analytic quality of clinical enzymology for its participants and for the laboratory community. An updated reporting format for the participants simplifies the interpretation of Enzyme Survey data and should make it more valuable for detecting short- and long-term changes in accuracy and precision. A short-term CV of 3% and a long-term CV of 6% are recommended as analytic goals for the five enzymes described here. The upper limit of normal used by many laboratories is appropriate for a given enzyme yet remains as an area requiring urgent further study. PMID- 6624729 TI - Results of tests for rheumatoid factor on CAP survey specimens. AB - Performances of participants for the detection and measurement of rheumatoid factor on 18 consecutive CAP survey specimens are tabulated. All reagents used by participants performed well qualitatively on the positive and negative specimens. Quantitation of positive specimens by titer and International Units demonstrated prominent interlaboratory variance. PMID- 6624730 TI - Evidence for hyperglycemic osmotic matrix effects on the Comprehensive Hematology Survey 1981-1982. AB - Several authors have suggested that a plausible mechanism for variation in reported mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and hematocrit values for Hematology Survey Specimens may be due to the presence of hyperglycemia in the suspending matrix of the specimens, resulting in cell swelling due to an osmotic matrix effect. The Hematology Resource Committee of the College of American Pathologists has examined this question prospectively and concludes, although there is evidence for an osmotic matrix effect, such an effect is insufficient to explain all the variation in MCV seen between different specimens analyzed. An instrument dependent analytic variation is present in addition to an osmotic matrix effect and appears intrinsic to the instrument systems studied. The probability that such an effect can be eliminated in preparation of an external proficiency testing program specimen is small. PMID- 6624731 TI - Analytical biases with liquid quality control material. AB - Biases were compared for eight analytes determined using common chemistry instruments. Data for three levels of liquid control sera were obtained from over 350 laboratories participating in a quality control program. These data were contrasted with comparable results for lyophilized material and reported in a CAP proficiency survey. In general, biases appeared to be proportional to analyte level. For some analytes, biases with liquid material were less than with lyophilized material, but for most analytes, biases were greater with liquid than lyophilized material. However, when liquid material is used for monitoring interlaboratory precision, the consequences of analytic biases are minimized because of large pool sizes. PMID- 6624732 TI - The effect of food consistency on iron absorption. AB - Iron absorption and the half-time of gastric emptying were measured concurrently in 13 normal volunteer subjects. Each subject ate two test meals of identical composition; one meal was prepared and served in the usual manner while the second was homogenized before serving. No correlation was found between the half time of gastric emptying and the absorption of either heme or nonheme iron among subjects eating the conventional meal. Homogenization of the meal led to a 31% fall in the mean half-time of gastric emptying and an increase in iron absorption of 22% for nonheme and 42% for heme. These findings indicate that the physical form of a meal has a modest effect on iron absorption. PMID- 6624733 TI - Zollinger-Ellison syndrome with esophagitis and Barrett mucosa. AB - Although esophageal disease in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is being recognized with increasing frequency, Barrett esophagus is seen only rarely. Basal lower esophageal sphincter pressure is probably not different in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and non-Zollinger-Ellison syndrome patients. Circulating gastrin, therefore, cannot be the major determinant of lower esophageal sphincter pressure in vivo. Total gastrectomy and resection of all metaplastic esophagus, when feasible, is the treatment of choice for patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and Barrett mucosa. PMID- 6624734 TI - Ileal disease associated with spinal irradiation for ankylosing spondylitis. AB - A case of ileitis, clinically resembling regional enteritis, but almost certainly due to previous spinal irradiation for ankylosing spondylitis is described. PMID- 6624735 TI - Campylobacter jejuni enteritis: efficacy of antimicrobial and antimotility drugs. AB - We analyzed retrospectively the illnesses of 82 patients with Campylobacter jejuni enteritis to ascertain the efficacy of antimicrobials and drugs that inhibit gastrointestinal motility. Forty-four patients were treated with only supportive measures consisting of diet modification and fluids; 22 others received an antimotility agent for at least 48 h; the remaining 16 were given an antimicrobial at or near the time of therapeutic intervention. The three groups were similar in terms of severity of symptoms and signs. There was a greater need for secondary antimicrobial therapy because of static or worsening illness in the group treated with antimotility agents (8/22, 36%) than in the others (4/44,9%; 2/16, 13%: p less than 0.02). Furthermore, six patients treated initially and 10 treated secondarily with erythromycin or tetracycline had illnesses of shorter duration than did untreated controls paired by age, sex, length and severity of symptoms and signs, hematochezia, and antimotility therapy (p less than 0.05). Thus treatment of C. jejuni enteritis with erythromycin or a tetracycline shortened the illness, but antimotility agents impeded the resolution of the infection. PMID- 6624736 TI - Pseudomembranous colitis: a possible role for Gallium scanning. AB - A case of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis is presented in which the Gallium scan was the first diagnostic modality to alert the clinicians to the existence of an inflammatory bowel process. The mechanism of localization of the radiopharmaceutical in inflammatory bowel disease is discussed. Although colonoscopy is far more specific and should be the first-line diagnostic tool used in assessing the presence of pseudomembranous colitis, Gallium scanning may have a role in the follow-up of treatment and in cases of relapse. PMID- 6624737 TI - Colitis due to Dientamoeba fragilis. AB - Clinical reports have suggested that the parasite Dientamoeba fragilis may be a cause of acute and chronic colitis in children and adults. The mechanism by which this parasite produces colitis has not been determined. The clinical findings in this case report suggest that D. fragilis causes colitis through an invasive ulcerating process. PMID- 6624738 TI - Risk factors in acute pancreatitis. PMID- 6624739 TI - Antibiotic penetration in liver infection: a case of tobramycin failure responsive to moxalactam. AB - A 23-year-old man sustained a severe liver laceration which subsequently became infected with Enterobacter aerogenes. Blood cultures were positive for this organism and the patient experienced sepsis. Over the course of 18 days, his bilirubin and serum creatinine increased from normal to 40 and 2.7 mg/dl, respectively. Tobramycin, clindamycin, and penicillin failed to control the infection despite in vitro sensitivity of the organism to tobramycin. Moxalactam was started as a last resort, and the symptoms of infection resolved in 12 h. Both hepatic and renal function returned to normal, and the patient was discharged without complications. Moxalactam concentrations in wound fluid exceeded serum concentrations and the usual minimum inhibitory concentration of the infecting organism. A likely explanation for response to moxalactam, in face of tobramycin failure, was that moxalactam was able to reach the site of infection. PMID- 6624740 TI - Biliary papillomatosis: report of a case with 5-year follow-up. PMID- 6624741 TI - Seeding of gallbladder carcinoma along the tract after percutaneous transhepatic choledochoscopy. AB - An implant metastasis developed along the tract after percutaneous transhepatic cholecystoscopy 5 months after initial placement of the catheter into the gallbladder. Percutaneous transhepatic cholecystoscopy is conducted by insertion of choledochofiberscope into the gallbladder through the dilated sinus tract established around a catheter inserted into the gallbladder. The catheter had been placed for total of 15 days. Two days after the removal of the catheter, cholecystectomy supplemented by partial resection of the liver was carried out because of the extent of a gallbladder carcinoma. The choledochofiberscope used was Olympus CHF type 4B, with a thinner flexible part 5.0 mm in diameter. It is not surprising that carcinoma of the biliary tract or pancreas may seed along the tract of a biliary drainage catheter, but only few reports describing such incidence related to percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage have previously been published. Physicians should be aware of this complication whenever a firm nodule develops at the site of previous entry of a biliary drainage catheter in a patient with malignant obstruction. PMID- 6624743 TI - Gastroenterology and the law. PMID- 6624742 TI - Ethnic differences in the incidence of postnecrotic cirrhosis in Israel: correlation with hepatitis B virus serological markers. AB - While immigrants from Morocco and Romania make up 7 and 6%, respectively, of the Israeli population, one-third of all postnecrotic cirrhosis patients come from Morocco and another third from Romania. The rate of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, as expressed by serum hepatitis B surface antigen, anti-HBs, and anti HBc, was compared in immigrant patients with postnecrotic cirrhosis and in age and sex matched controls from the same countries. Among 19 Moroccan immigrants with postnecrotic cirrhosis 74% showed evidence of HBV infection. This was not significantly different from the prevalence of HBV infection (64%) in a matched control group of 61 Moroccan individuals. In the 26 Romanian cirrhotics, however, a significantly higher prevalance of HBV infection than in the 60 matched controls was observed (54 and 23%, respectively, p less than 0.01). The difference was detected only when anti-HBc was looked for in addition to hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-HBs. These results indicate that: 1) HBV infection and postnecrotic cirrhosis are associated in Romanian immigrants to Israel. 2) Association between HBV infection and cirrhosis in Moroccan immigrants cannot be shown because of the high infection rate in the control population. 3) Anti-HBc is often the only marker of HBV infection in cirrhotic patients, and should be examined in addition to hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-HBs in order to get meaningful results. PMID- 6624744 TI - Roentgenographic evidence of asbestos exposure in a select population of railroad workers. AB - A volunteer population of 266 current and former railroad workers was examined with posteroanterior and oblique chest roentgenograms, and a comprehensive occupational smoking history. Seventy-five percent of participants were over the age of 60, and 80% had fewer than 10 years of railroad-related asbestos exposure. Roentgenographic evidence of asbestosis was found in only six workers (2%), whereas 20% had one or more pleural changes. Radiological abnormalities were related to latency period, age, and occupation, but not to smoking habit. While selection factors qualify the results of this study, the findings support the exposure and suggest a past and future history of asbestos mortality and morbidity among steam era railway workers. PMID- 6624745 TI - Classical syndromes in occupational medicine. Peripheral nerve entrapment syndromes and ergonomic factors. PMID- 6624746 TI - Need for specific data on incineration of antineoplastic agents. PMID- 6624748 TI - Comparison of carts for decentralized pharmacies. PMID- 6624749 TI - Further justification for use of premixed intravenous admixtures. PMID- 6624747 TI - Determining dye content of drugs. PMID- 6624750 TI - Choices for pharmaceutical education. PMID- 6624751 TI - What's in a name? PMID- 6624752 TI - Evaluation of a medication-monitoring service for geriatric patients in a congregate housing facility. AB - The effects of a medication-monitoring service provided by a pharmacist in a congregate housing facility for geriatric patients were evaluated. A medication monitoring service was provided by a clinical pharmacist to geriatric patients in two congregate housing facilities during an 18-month period. Patients were offered the service if they had histories of noncompliance and were referred for this reason to the study by physicians, staff, or family. The clinical pharmacist made weekly visits to each patient for assessment and provision of instructions and reinforcement regarding medication compliance. Medications were provided in special reminder packages prepared by a technician, and cost data for both materials and time were recorded. A total of 14 patients were referred to the study and received services for at least three months. Eight of these patients received services for one year. The costs of providing the service were $33/patient/month for personnel and $2/patient/month for materials. An 82-100% compliance rate was recorded; the mean compliance rate was 96%. Patients or their legal representatives paid the pharmacist directly for costs incurred. A medication-monitoring service is useful for geriatric patients whose primary limitation is inability to administer their own medications. PMID- 6624753 TI - Association between appropriateness of prescribing and prescription documentation. AB - The association between the quality of physician prescribing and the degree of prescription documentation in the medical record was studied in four family practice offices. Carbon-copy prescriptions were collected for five months at each office, and 438 were randomly selected for evaluation. For each prescription, a case abstract was prepared from the medical record. The abstract summarized the patient's previous care related to the problem for which the prescription was issued. The abstracts were blinded and randomly assigned for review by a panel of physicians and pharmacists working in family practice, resulting in a total of 1866 evaluations. Each panelist evaluated appropriateness of drug choice, potential benefit, and degree of prescription documentation. Actual prescription documentation of drug name, strength, quantity, directions, and refills was determined by comparing the carbon-copy prescription with the medical record. Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between panel evaluations for drug choice and actual documentation of drug name, strength, and directions. Likewise, the mean rating of potential benefit was significantly associated with actual documentation of drug name, strength, directions, and refills. The mean rating of appropriateness of documentation was significantly associated with all five independent documentation variables. Drug name, strength, and directions were recorded in 94%, 60%, and 75% of the medical records, respectively. These data demonstrate a positive association between the quality of prescribing and actual prescription documentation in the medical record. PMID- 6624754 TI - Implementing guidelines for managing extravasation of antineoplastics. AB - The development and implementation of guidelines for managing extravasation of antineoplastics in a community teaching hospital are described. Guidelines outlining general and specific treatment measures for extravasation of antineoplastic agents were prepared with the cooperation of the medical, pharmacy, and nursing staffs. These guidelines were incorporated into policies and procedures allowing nurses on the oncology unit to administer i.v. push antineoplastic agents and manage extravasations of these drugs; on other units, physicians were responsible for administering these drugs and managing extravasations. Monographs containing information about administering injectable antineoplastics were compiled in a manual and placed on nursing units as a reference source. An extravasation treatment kit was also prepared by the pharmacy and distributed to the nursing units; kits were exchanged and charged in a manner similar to that used for emergency-code carts. Physicians, nurses, and pharmacists were informed about the extravasation management guidelines and treatment kits through inservice-education programs, newsletters, and staff meetings. A quality-assurance program to monitor process and outcome associated with the use of the guidelines was initiated. Multidisciplinary involvement in the development of extravasation management guidelines for antineoplastic agents used in this hospital ensures prompt and uniform treatment of these adverse reactions. PMID- 6624755 TI - Pharmacist intervention in methadone administration to cancer patients with chronic pain. PMID- 6624756 TI - Achieving pharmacist proficiency in pharmacokinetic dosage adjustments. AB - A pharmacokinetics training and certification program for staff pharmacists in a community hospital is described. A pharmacokinetics committee consisting of six pharmacists with extensive clinical experience in pharmacokinetics was formed to implement the program. A self-teaching module incorporating basic pharmacokinetic concepts and sample problems was developed. Specific guidelines for calculating dosages of the aminoglycosides and theophylline were also developed, as were indications for the appropriate ordering and serum sampling of these drugs. These guidelines were used in the didactic training of pharmacists, and their knowledge of this information was evaluated by written examinations. Pharmacists were also required to calculate drug dosages for patients in the hospital. These pharmacokinetics calculations were evaluated by the pharmacokinetics committee at periodic meetings. Of the 12 pharmacists included in the training program initially, 9 completed the entire training and certification process. All new pharmacists are now required to obtain certification in pharmacokinetics; yearly recertification of all pharmacists is obtained by participation in patient case presentations involving calculation of drug dosages. This pharmacokinetics training program ensures a standard level of competency among staff pharmacists and may increase physicians' reliance on pharmacists for adjusting drug dosages. PMID- 6624757 TI - Clinical pharmacy services in a rehabilitation facility. AB - Clinical pharmacy services provided by pharmacists to patients in a rehabilitation facility through a contracted arrangement with a local hospital are described. Two staff pharmacists from a community hospital oversee the drug distribution process and provide clinical services at a 40-bed private rehabilitation facility. During alternate four-week periods, each pharmacist works at the rehabilitation facility; the other four-week period is spent in traditional drug-distribution activities at the hospital. The hospital is reimbursed for clinical services separately from drug-distribution services; by keeping records of the time spent in clinical activities at the facility, the pharmacists have obtained increased reimbursement for these services since initiation of this program. Clinical services provided by pharmacists at the institute include patient education, drug-therapy monitoring and consultation, drug information activities, and management of drug therapy in selected patients. In 1982, pharmacists provided 230 drug-therapy consultations to physicians and received referrals for drug-therapy management of 47 patients on warfarin sodium, 46 on antihypertensive drugs, and 27 on phenytoin sodium. The provision of a variety of clinical pharmacy services to patients in a rehabilitation facility offers a unique and professionally rewarding practice. PMID- 6624758 TI - Health-care trends influencing the financial management of hospital pharmacies. AB - Current trends affecting health care and the response of the health-care industry to these trends are described, and recommended actions for hospital pharmacy departments are presented. The effects of societal changes, technological advances, information collection and exchange, excess physician population, cost constraints, and competition are examined. Appropriate responses include programs to lower costs, improved financial-monitoring systems, creative methods for attracting patients and donations, specialization of care, corporate formation and restructuring, emphasis on ambulatory and preventive programs, partnership with medical staff, deregulation initiatives, and standardization of hospital statistics. More aggressive management, financial expertise, and greater accountability will be expected of hospital pharmacy managers. PMID- 6624759 TI - U.S. Supreme Court decision in Jefferson County Pharmaceutical Association v. Abbott Laboratories et al. AB - The effect of the recent U.S. Supreme Court antitrust decision in Jefferson County Pharmaceutical Association v. Abbott Laboratories et al. on state and local health-care institutions is examined. In Jefferson County, the Court ruled that state and county government hospitals are not exempt from the price discrimination prohibitions of the Robinson-Patman Antidiscrimination Act when they engage in commercial activities in competition with private retail businesses. The Jefferson County decision forces state and county governments to determine which of their activities are commercial and which are traditional governmental functions that would be exempt from antitrust legislation. However, the Portland case findings relating to purchases for a hospital's own use and the traditional Robinson-Patman discounts are still available. Despite closer antitrust scrutiny, hospital pharmacists in state and county government hospitals should be able to provide cost-effective outpatient and ambulatory-care services. PMID- 6624760 TI - Use of a medication cart to integrate pharmaceutical services in an outpatient clinic. PMID- 6624761 TI - Comparison of medication histories acquired by pharmacists and physicians. PMID- 6624762 TI - Pharmacy-consulting service to agencies serving elderly clients. PMID- 6624763 TI - Interaction between newer cephalosporins and Clinitest, Diastix, and Tes-Tape. PMID- 6624764 TI - High uric acid and urea clearance in cirrhosis secondary to increased "effective vascular volume". PMID- 6624765 TI - Hypokalemia and diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6624766 TI - The nature of illness and diagnosis. PMID- 6624767 TI - Efficacy of home glucose monitoring in diabetic pregnancy. AB - A randomized, prospective study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of daily home glucose monitoring on the outcome of pregnancies in women with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Home glucose monitoring was compared with a weekly venipuncture protocol. No differences were observed between groups in clinical features (age, parity, White's classification) or representative delivery outcomes (method of delivery, weeks' gestation, or weight at birth). No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups in several aspects of perinatal morbidity. However, home glucose monitoring was associated with fewer readmissions for diabetic control (p = 0.05), fewer days in the hospital (p less than 0.01), and decreased total patient expense (p less than 0.05). PMID- 6624768 TI - Frequency and distribution of senile cardiovascular amyloid. A clinicopathologic correlation. AB - Atrium, ventricle, aorta, lung, kidney, and rectum were removed at autopsy from 85 consecutive elderly patients (aged 80 years or older) and examined for amyloid with Congo red. All tissues containing amyloid were counterstained with an antiserum specific for amyloid fibril protein ASc1 and studied by immunofluorescence. Three distinct forms of amyloid were found: (1) all patients had senile aortic amyloid; (2) 78 percent of patients had isolated atrial amyloid; and (3) 25 percent of patients had senile cardiac amyloid of the ASc1 type. The cardiac amyloid deposits were small and widely scattered in more than 80 percent of patients with isolated atrial amyloid and in more than 50 percent of patients with ASc1-type amyloid. Of 21 patients with ASc1 amyloid, 19 had extracardiac involvement (lung in 81 percent of cases and rectum in 57 percent of cases). The kidney was not involved in any patient. The mean heart weight, frequency of atrial fibrillation, percentage of patients with heart failure, and frequency of myocardial infarction were increased in patients with cardiac amyloid, but these differences failed to reach statistical significance. There was no difference in the mean left ventricular wall thickness or degree of coronary atherosclerosis. PMID- 6624769 TI - Diet-induced changes in serum transaminase and triglyceride levels in healthy adult men. Role of sucrose and excess calories. AB - Serum transaminase levels were measured as part of a study on the physiologic control of food intake. Twenty-one men, 15 nonobese and six obese, were housed on a metabolic ward for 30 days where they received ad libitum a baseline diet of conventional foods containing 25 to 30 percent of total calories as sucrose for 18 days and a calorically diluted diet containing less than 10 percent sucrose for 12 days. Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) levels rose significantly when subjects consumed the baseline diet and returned to their original levels on the calorically diluted aspartame-sweetened diet. Markedly abnormal transaminase levels developed in two subjects on the baseline diet and they had to be discharged from the study. Correlations between various components of the diet and enzyme changes suggested that both surplus calories and a high sucrose intake played a role in the elevation of enzyme levels. Serum triglyceride levels also showed a significant reduction when the subjects were switched from the baseline to the calorically diluted diet. In a second study designed to test systematically the role of sucrose on SGPT and SGOT levels and on serum triglyceride levels, six nonobese subjects received a carefully controlled liquid diet, relatively high in linoleic acid content, containing 50 percent of total calories as either sucrose or maltose. In comparison with the first study, sucrose had a smaller but still significant effect on the levels of both enzymes, but there was no significant effect on triglyceride levels. PMID- 6624770 TI - Airway function in lifetime-nonsmoking older asbestos workers. AB - Previous studies of lung function in asbestos workers have documented airflow limitation in many of the workers, but the specific influence of asbestos exposure could not be clearly differentiated from the effects of the cigarette smoking habit. In this study, airway function was evaluated in lifetime nonsmoking, long-term workers of the mines and mills of Quebec. The 17 asbestos workers in this study had worked for an average of 28 years in the mines and mills of the local asbestos industry and did not have any other respiratory industrial dust exposure. They did not have a history of previous pulmonary disease and did not meet the usual diagnostic criteria for chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or asthma. Seven of the workers met the diagnostic criteria for asbestosis and 10 workers did not. The latter group of workers did not differ from a matched control group except in terms of a higher isoflow volume (p less than 0.05). The workers with asbestosis, however, had a restrictive pattern of lung function, increased isoflow volume, and increased upstream resistance at low lung volumes (p less than 0.01). Lung biopsy in three of the patients with the disease demonstrated peribronchiolar alveolitis and fibrosis with obliteration and narrowing of the small airways. These data on lifetime-nonsmoking, long-term asbestos workers provide further evidence of small airway obstruction associated with asbestos exposure and independent of the smoking habit. This airflow limitation was observed predominantly in workers with a restrictive pattern of lung function associated with peribronchiolar alveolitis. The lifetime-nonsmoking asbestos workers without restrictive patterns of lung function had minimal dysfunction of the peripheral airways. PMID- 6624771 TI - Subepicardial aneurysms: a rare complication of myocardial infarction. AB - Delayed rupture of myocardial infarcts, more than 10 days after infarction, is only rarely observed at autopsy. Of 1,814 hearts examined after postmortem arteriography from autopsy subjects at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, 704 had 1,140 infarcts. Three (0.2 percent) infarcts were complicated by subepicardial aneurysms, and two of these had ruptured. The infarcts were 21 to 60 days old and had an abrupt dissection of the inferior left ventricular myocardium with a narrow fibrous lined channel comprising the mouth and neck of the aneurysm. The components of the aneurysm wall differed in all three cases. In two, epicardium prevented acute ventricular rupture. In the third case, myocardial fibers were present in the fibrous wall proximally. Adherent parietal pericardium was absent. Previous authors have required the lack of myocardium within the wall to define those lesions, often called pseudoaneurysms. Aneurysms with myocardium have been labeled true aneurysms or pseudo-false aneurysms. A more unifying concept of this lesion is proposed. The unique constellation of features consisting of an abrupt interruption of the myocardium, a narrow neck, and a propensity to rupture spontaneously distinguishes the subepicardial aneurysm regardless of its wall's components. The ability to surgically correct the potentially lethal subepicardial aneurysms necessitates a more accurate categorization of and familiarity with the lesion. PMID- 6624772 TI - Computed tomographic scanning versus radioisotope imaging in adrenocortical diagnosis. AB - Referral patterns from internists to departments of nuclear medicine or radiology are important determinants of whether adrenal glands are imaged by computed tomography (CT) or by radioisotope scintigraphy. To assist clinicians in making an informed choice, computed tomographic scans were compared with isotope scintigrams using 131I-19-iodocholesterol (19-IC) and 131I-6 beta-iodomethyl-19 norcholesterol (NP-59). In general, imaging techniques serve to localize diseases that are diagnosed on the basis of biochemical tests of adrenal function. Computed tomographic scanning and NP-59 scanning are of comparable diagnostic accuracy. Both are superior to 19-IC scanning in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome and primary aldosteronism. Computed tomographic scanning is faster and less expensive, and involves lower radiation doses to the patient than scintigraphy. Adrenocortical isotope scanning as a routine procedure has been superseded by computed tomographic scanning at the Mayo Clinic. PMID- 6624773 TI - Nosocomial infections and hospital deaths. A case-control study. AB - In an earlier study, nosocomial infections were reported to occur in one third of patients who died in the hospital. Lower respiratory tract infections appeared to be causally related to death, whereas urinary tract infections were not. A case control study was therefore conducted to begin to explore epidemiologically these causal suppositions. By definition, all 100 patients in the case group died in the hospital and all 100 patients in the control group survived hospitalization. A patient in the control group was matched to a patient in the case group for age, sex, service, primary discharge diagnosis, and severity of primary diagnosis. Secondary discharge diagnoses were comparable in both groups. Nosocomial infections were present in 33 percent of patients in the case group and 13 percent of patients in the control group (p less than 0.001). Lower respiratory tract nosocomial infections occurred in 18 percent of patients in the case group and 4 percent of patients in the control group (p less than 0.005). Urinary tract nosocomial infections occurred in 6 percent of patients in the case group and 8 percent of patients in the control group (p = NS). Presence of a terminal prognosis on admission was found more often in case group patients than in control group patients (76 percent versus 11 percent, p less than 0.001). Nosocomial infections appeared to favor a fatal outcome only in those whose condition was not terminal on admission (p less than 0.05). In those whose condition was terminal on admission, the incidence of infection was equal in those who survived and in those who died. In conclusion, in these two groups well matched by many criteria, differences in prognosis on admission probably accounted for the major differences in survival. Nosocomial infections may affect outcome in those whose condition is not terminal on admission. PMID- 6624774 TI - Analysis of the differential diagnosis and assessment of pleuritic chest pain in young adults. AB - The most important problem in the approach to young patients with acute pleurisy is distinguishing those with idiopathic or viral pleurisy from patients with pulmonary embolism. Three clinical features are helpful in making this distinction: (1) pleural effusion(s) present on chest roentgenography, (2) history of predisposing factors for or past history of veno-occlusive disease, and (3) physical signs indicative of phlebitis. Lung scanning should be performed in patients with these findings. If results of scanning are highly characteristic of pulmonary embolism (segmental or lobar defect with ventilation/perfusion mismatch) in such a patient, anticoagulation may be considered immediately. Patients in whom scanning reveals indeterminate characteristics or abnormalities not characteristic of pulmonary embolism should undergo pulmonary angiography if other clinical features suggest that the probability of pulmonary embolism remains at least moderately high. PMID- 6624775 TI - Acute isopropyl alcohol intoxication. Diagnosis and management. AB - Alcohol intoxication (methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, and ethylene glycol) is treated frequently in emergency room and intensive care units. Although high morbidity and mortality rates exist, effective therapies for methyl alcohol and ethylene glycol (ethyl alcohol blocking and hemodialysis) and ethyl and isopropyl alcohol (hemodialysis) are available. Prompt and accurate clinical and laboratory differentiation is needed to optimize these therapies. This review presents clinical, pharmacologic, and management data, contrasts important aspects in differential diagnosis, and suggests an appropriate approach to management of isopropyl alcohol intoxication. PMID- 6624777 TI - Chest pain, collapse, and death in late pregnancy. PMID- 6624776 TI - Analysis of selection criteria for medical residents. Differences between primary care and traditional pathway committees. AB - A self-administered questionnaire was given to faculty members of resident selection committees for traditional and primary care medical residencies at one institution. Results from both committees revealed that applicant performance in medicine clerkships and communication from the applicant's department of medicine faculty, especially the chairman, were key criteria in evaluating the strength of each applicant. Negative personal characteristics were important in determining undesirable resident candidates. Primary care program selectors put more emphasis on the applicant's personal goals, skills, and interests, especially career plans in general internal medicine, than did their traditional program counterparts. Other differences included the tendency of traditional program committee members to value collegial communications and the perceived quality of the applicant's medical school more than the primary care members did. PMID- 6624778 TI - Bronchodilator response to oral aminophylline and terbutaline versus aerosol albuterol in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - Bronchodilator efficacy of oral administration of aminophylline (400 mg) and terbutaline sulfate (5 mg) was compared with inhalation of three puffs of albuterol sulfate in 17 patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a double-blind crossover study. Two hours after either form of therapy, the patients were treated again with three puffs of albuterol. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) increased significantly more from the baseline value after albuterol aerosol than after oral medication at 30, 60, and 120 minutes (paired t test, p less than 0.01). After three puffs of albuterol at 120 minutes, FEV1 increased to similar values an hour later on both days in 14 of 17 patients. Thirteen patients complained of side effects during oral therapy and none during aerosol therapy. Maximum bronchodilatation was achieved by albuterol aerosol in 14 of 17 patients, and addition of oral therapy produced no further increase of flow rate in these patients. Bronchodilator aerosol is the logical choice for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease because it is more effective than oral therapy and because it is free from side effects. PMID- 6624779 TI - Anaplastic thyroid cancer presenting with hyperthyroidism. AB - Primary thyroid malignancies typically do not interfere with thyroid function. A patient is reported with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma presenting with hyperthyroidism; this is believed to be the first such case described. Prior to the onset of the thyroidal process, the patient was clinically euthyroid. It is concluded that the mechanism of thyrotoxicosis is analogous to that of subacute thyroiditis: rapid tissue necrosis with resultant release of thyroid hormone. PMID- 6624780 TI - Suprasellar germinoma. Unresolved problems in diagnosis, pathogenesis, and management. AB - A suprasellar germinoma, initially thought to be granulomatous diencephalitis of uncertain cause, responded following chloramphenicol and methicillin treatment both by clinical and radiographic criteria and was not diagnosed until a third biopsy was performed. Analysis of this case and review of the literature lead to the conclusion that adequate diagnostic workup of such lesions requires that biopsy be extensive enough to include the central core as well as the granulomatous reaction that surrounds such tumors. Furthermore, since the degree of inflammation may fluctuate, regression does not mean that the lesion is not neoplastic in origin. In the present instance, the correct diagnosis could have been made earlier if the beta-chain of human chorionic gonadotropin had been measured in spinal fluid. PMID- 6624781 TI - Acute psychosis, polydipsia, and inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. AB - A relationship between acute psychosis, water ingestion, and the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) has been reported. This syndrome was observed in a psychotic patient who ingested massive amounts of water and became symptomatically hyponatremic with seizures. Although he had been taking haloperidol, the SIADH responded to fluid restriction alone. SIADH was clearly established, and a temporal relationship to his acute exacerbation of psychosis and polydipsia could be shown. This case illustrates that psychosis, polydipsia, and SIADH are often associated as a triad, and that psychiatric history must be considered in the evaluation of this syndrome. PMID- 6624782 TI - Minimal-change lesion nephrotic syndrome with renal oncocytoma. AB - A renal mass was found in a 49-year-old man presenting with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. The excised tumor was a well-encapsulated renal oncocytoma. Examination of the kidney revealed a minimal-change glomerular lesion and moderate arterionephrosclerosis. Nephrotic range proteinuria persisted through a postoperative course of prednisone therapy, but diminished and cleared within the subsequent two-year period. Renal function has remained stable and proteinuria has not recurred over a four-year follow-up. The clinical course suggests a previously unreported relationship between renal oncocytoma and minimal-change lesion nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 6624783 TI - Unusual presentation of anaerobic osteomyelitis. AB - Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis was detected in a 23-year-old sickle-cell patient after standard radiographs of the right femur showed gas within the medullary cavity. Three anaerobic organisms were cultured from surgically aspirated materials, but no source of infection was found. After surgical drainage and six weeks of intravenous clindamycin therapy, there was clinical improvement and radiographic resolution of the gas formation. PMID- 6624784 TI - The preparation of simulated spinal fluid for teaching purposes. AB - A simulated spinal fluid can be prepared by adding red and white blood cells and bovine serum albumin to a commercially available balanced salt solution. Using this preparation as a substitute for actual cerebrospinal fluid enables teachers to provide adequate quantities of microscopically positive fluid, and at the same time eliminates the danger of potential contamination. The appearance of the red and white cells, both in the hemocytometer and in a centrifuged and stained preparation, is realistic. This simulated spinal fluid is useful in teaching not only cell counting and identification techniques, but also total protein and glucose analyses. The method for preparing this solution is simple, inexpensive, and requires only equipment that is readily available to the teaching laboratory. PMID- 6624785 TI - Clinical laboratory scientists: alternative roles in industry. AB - Industry represents a possible alternative career path for those clinical laboratory scientists who wish to leave the hospital environment. One of the attractions of a career in industry is that it allows the clinical laboratory scientist to utilize the skills accumulated over years, yet to do so in a very different setting. This paper explores some of the issues involved in a move from hospital to industry. PMID- 6624786 TI - Managerial intervention to facilitate organizational change. AB - Facilitating change in the clinical laboratory is a constant managerial responsibility. Change is often met with resistance when staff members perceive it as threatening their convenience, interpersonal relationships, position, or economic security. This paper examines the application of the Concerns-Based Adoption Model to assess individual concerns regarding change. The model views change as a process rather than an event and examines the various motivations, perceptions, attitudes, and feelings of individuals regarding an innovation. After an individual's concerns have been identified, the manager is better able to target intervention strategies to facilitate organizational change. PMID- 6624787 TI - Immunohematology problem. PMID- 6624788 TI - Effect of hypertonic saline on vascular responses to angiotensin II in pregnancy. AB - Refractoriness to infused angiotensin II is characteristic or normal human and ovine pregnancy; the mechanisms responsible are unclear. In this study, we sought to ascertain in gravid sheep whether hypertonic saline solution alters the vascular responses to angiotensin II, as in gravid women, and to compare the responses of the systemic and uteroplacental vasculature. Dose-response curves were determined. Mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance increased in a dose-dependent fashion before and after hypertonic saline solution; responses were greater after hypertonic saline solution (p less than 0.01). Responses of cardiac output, heart rate, uterine vascular resistance, and uterine blood flow also were dose-dependent, but were unchanged after hypertonic saline solution. Plasma renin activity fell 45% after hypertonic saline solution. Treatment with hypertonic saline solution results in increased pressor responses to angiotensin II that are not a reflection of altered baroreceptor or chemoreceptor reflexes or of the response in the uteroplacental vascular bed. Rather, the increased systemic vascular responsiveness to angiotensin II after hypertonic saline solution appears to be a reflection of other mechanisms, such as alterations in vessel wall dynamics or receptor affinity. PMID- 6624789 TI - Premature rupture of membranes: the role of C-reactive protein in the prediction of chorioamnionitis. AB - A group of 52 patients with premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) before 34 weeks' gestation were evaluated prospectively and managed expectantly. Of 42 patients who were delivered of their infants, 26 (61.9%) had significant chorioamnionitis on histopathology, and 18 had positive microbial cultures at delivery. However, only seven patients (16.7%) developed clinical signs of chorioamnionitis. There were no maternal deaths or perinatal deaths attributable to sepsis. Only two infants (less than 5%) had positive blood cultures. All patients were assessed daily for the development of chorioamnionitis. Amniocenteses were not routinely performed. White blood cell counts, band neutrophil counts, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate determinations were found to be unreliable. C-reactive protein determinations were found most reliable with a high sensitivity and specificity. Elevated C-reactive protein levels correlated better with pathologic confirmation of chorioamnionitis than with the clinical febrile morbidity. Clinical implications for the management of PROM are discussed. PMID- 6624790 TI - Neonatal outcome after treatment with ritodrine: a controlled study. AB - Neonatal condition was assessed in a group of 82 infants born at term after maternal treatment with ritodrine for an average of 28.5 days, and compared with that in a matched control group of infants. No statistically significant differences were found in umbilical pH, Apgar scores, head circumference, and neurological condition. Although the difference was not statistically significant, doubt remains as to a possible icterogenic effect of ritodrine. PMID- 6624791 TI - Ritodrine hydrochloride infusion in pregnant baboons. II. Sodium and water compartment alterations. AB - To evaluate the effects of intravenously administered ritodrine hydrochloride on sodium and water metabolism, a pregnant baboon model was studied. Animals given ritodrine retained significantly more sodium (p less than 0.001) and administered fluids (p less than 0.002) compared with control animals. Although plasma volume did not change significantly within or between the two groups, extracellular volume increased by a mean of 1,480 ml in those given ritodrine compared with 790 ml in the control animals. There was no significant difference between animals given ritodrine and their controls regarding serial hematocrits, serum sodium, or colloid oncotic pressures. From this we conclude that the retained sodium and water was in the interstitial space. Since plasma volume was unaltered by ritodrine administration it seems unlikely that pure volume overload can explain the pulmonary edema induced by beta-mimetics. Combined with the prior observation that direct pulmonary capillary membrane toxicity does not occur, the likely pathophysiology of beta-agonist-induced pulmonary edema involves left ventricular failure. PMID- 6624792 TI - Magnesium sulfate as a tocolytic agent. AB - Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) has been successfully used to inhibit premature labor. A retrospective review was performed on the use of MgSO4 as a tocolytic agent at Memorial Hospital, Long Beach, California, during a 4-year period (1978-1982). Three hundred fifty-five patients with diagnoses of premature labor were treated with MgSO4 after transport from another hospital. Two hundred seventy-four patients (77%) had a singleton pregnancy with intact membranes, 38 (11%) had a singleton pregnancy with ruptured membranes, 35 (10%) had a multiple gestation with intact membranes, and eight (2%) had a multiple gestation with ruptured membranes. Delivery was successfully delayed in the majority of patients, and the incidence of unexplained failure of tocolysis was only 2%. Side effects occurred in 24 patients (7%) and necessitated stopping the drug in only seven (2%). Serum magnesium levels are reported and the use of MgSO4 in patients with significant vaginal bleeding is discussed. MgSO4 was found to be a successful, inexpensive, and relatively nontoxic tocolytic agent that had few side effects. PMID- 6624793 TI - Changes in the systolic time intervals of the fetal heart after surgical manipulation of the fetus. AB - The fetal cardiac systolic time intervals are potentially an important indicator of fetal well-being. Because experimental studies with the use of animal models are being carried out to evaluate the effects of abnormal antenatal factors on fetal myocardial function, it is important to establish the changes in the systolic time intervals that can occur as a result of the surgical preparation of the animal model and also to determine the time required for the recovery of myocardial function. After the appropriate catheters have been placed in fetal sheep, the ratio of preejection time to ejection time was followed in six maternal-fetal sheep models for 3 days postoperatively. The mean values obtained from the animals were then compared to the data obtained and were considered to be normal on the eighth postoperative day. In spite of acid-base data within the physiologic limits, the ratio of preejection period/ejection time was elevated postoperatively and reached normal values between 2 to 3 days postoperatively. The study demonstrates that 3 days are required for the recovery of fetal myocardial function before baseline preexperimental conditions are reached. PMID- 6624794 TI - Ultrasonic measurement of rate and depth of human fetal breathing: effect of glucose. AB - A recently developed ultrasonic tracking device was used to determine the effect of maternal intravenous glucose infusion on amplitude and frequency of breathing movements in six healthy human fetuses at 38 to 40 weeks' gestation. Following a 2-hour observation period, an intravenous injection of either 25 gm of a 50% glucose solution or an equal volume of saline was given to the mother. Observations were continued for a further 4 hours. Fetal rib cage and abdominal diameters were measured continuously with the ultrasonic tracking device and the information was recorded on a strip chart recorder for later analysis. Breath interval and incidence measurements were highly correlated with data obtained by an independent technique (r greater than or equal to 0.90). During the first 80 minutes after glucose injection, total fetal trunk movement recorded during breathing movements increased from 1.5 +/- 0.2 to 2.9 +/- 0.4 mm (P less than 0.05). There was no significant change in the frequency or variability of fetal breathing movements after glucose infusion. PMID- 6624795 TI - Prenatal echocardiographic diagnosis of Ebstein's anomaly with pulmonary atresia. AB - Ebstein's anomaly with pulmonary atresia was diagnosed in utero for the first time by fetal echocardiography. The fetus, examined at 35 weeks' gestation, had no extracardiac sonographic evidence of heart failure, but the heart filled the anterior portion of the chest. Two-dimensional echocardiography revealed a huge right atrium. The tricuspid valve, instead of originating from the anulus, was demonstrated as originating from the wall of the right ventricle, thus dividing the ventricle into two parts: the true ventricle and the "atrialized portion" of the right ventricle. These features corresponded with Ebstein's anomaly. Short episodes of supraventricular tachycardia (250 bpm) corresponded with the tachyarrhythmias frequently associated with Ebstein's anomaly. Pulmonary atresia was suspected, as movement of the pulmonary valve could not be demonstrated. The baby was delivered at 40 weeks' gestation and died 3 days later. Postnatal cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography and postmortem examination confirmed the prenatal diagnosis. PMID- 6624796 TI - An alphabet of progress. Presidential address to the New York Obstetrical Society. PMID- 6624797 TI - The effect of estrogen receptor status on survival in patients with endometrial cancer. AB - This study demonstrates a significantly increased survival time for women with estrogen receptor-positive adenocarcinoma of the endometrium when compared with that of those with estrogen receptor-negative tumors (p less than 0.05). This prognostic factor provides information which is additional to, and independent of, that provided by the histologic grade and myometrial penetration of the tumor. PMID- 6624798 TI - Ibuprofen modulation of human chorionic gonadotropin-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity and ovulation in the rabbit ovary. AB - The activity of ornithine decarboxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine synthesis, increases as granulosa cells proliferate in developing follicles. Both luteinizing hormone and prostaglandins stimulate ornithine decarboxylase activity. Here, we sought to determine the relative contributions of both trophic stimuli to ornithine decarboxylase activity in the preovulatory rabbit ovary. Baseline ovarian ornithine decarboxylase activity, determined by measuring the release of CO2 from (1-14C)-ornithine, was 13.4 +/- 1.27 (mean +/- SD) pmol of carbon dioxide per hour per milligram of protein. Treatment with ibuprofen, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, led to a significant (p less than 0.05) decrease in the baseline ovarian ornithine decarboxylase activity (4.7 +/- 0.29 pmol of carbon dioxide per hour per milligram of protein). Administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (50 IU/kg intramuscularly) to adult rabbits (2.5 to 3.5 kg) elicited a 1,200% elevation of ovarian ornithine decarboxylase activity 5 hours after injection; there was a return to baseline by 11 hours after injection. Stimulation with human chorionic gonadotropin led to ovulation in 22.2%, 25%, and 60% of rabbits at 7, 9, and 11 hours after treatment, respectively. Single-dose ibuprofen treatment (5 mg/kg intramuscularly), 7 hours after human chorionic gonadotropin administration inhibited ovulation and elevated ovarian ornithine decarboxylase activity. These results indicate that ibuprofen effectively inhibits ovulation in hCG-stimulated rabbit ovaries in the presence of a significant (p less than 0.001) elevation in ovarian ornithine decarboxylase activity. Thus, different intracellular mechanisms are involved in the prostaglandin modulation of basal and hCG-stimulated cells during the course of preovulatory follicle maturation. PMID- 6624799 TI - Variable interference of meconium in the determination of phosphatidylglycerol. PMID- 6624800 TI - Recurrent periclitoral abscess treated by marsupialization. PMID- 6624801 TI - Decreased bilirubin binding by albumin in late pregnancy. PMID- 6624802 TI - Congenital mucocutaneous candidiasis following diagnostic amniocentesis. PMID- 6624803 TI - Coagulopathy and induced abortion methods: rates and relative risks. PMID- 6624804 TI - Dietary protein and preeclampsia. PMID- 6624805 TI - Recurrent maternal floor infarction: a preventable cause of fetal death. PMID- 6624806 TI - Surgical management of rectovaginal fistulas in Crohn's disease. AB - An analysis of 15 patients with rectovaginal fistulas complicating Crohn's disease, who were managed at Duke Medical Center between 1966 and 1979, is presented. The experience reported suggests that, in carefully selected patients, and with proper timing of operative intervention, the role of primary repair of these fistulas may be more important and yield greater success than is generally maintained in the literature. Selection of the patients, perioperative management, and surgical technique are discussed. PMID- 6624808 TI - The course of labor in term patients with chorioamnionitis. AB - Labor records and internal fetal monitor tracings of 65 patients with uncomplicated term pregnancies who entered labor spontaneously and then developed chorioamnionitis were reviewed. Eighty-eight percent of patients were nulliparous. Seventy-five percent had abnormal labor, characterized by decreased uterine contractility, and 34% required cesarean delivery because of failure to progress in labor. The most common fetal heart rate abnormalities were diminished or absent variability (77%) and tachycardia (67%); 15% of the tracings had a sinusoidal pattern. Despite the high prevalence of abnormal fetal heart rate tracings, only one infant had a 5-minute Apgar score less than 7. It is concluded that chorioamnionitis has an inhibitory effect on labor. Compared to uninfected women, certain infected patients appear to require higher doses of oxytocin and greater uterine activity to effect a given change in cervical dilation. PMID- 6624807 TI - Anticoagulation therapy for venous thromboembolism in patients with gynecologic malignancy. AB - Anticoagulation therapy in 74 patients with gynecologic malignancy and venous thromboembolism was evaluated as to hemorrhagic complications, recurrent thrombosis, and completion of prescribed course. Clinically significant bleeding complications occurred in 25 patients and the course of anticoagulant therapy was not completed in 29 patients because of bleeding complications or death within 3 months. Venous thromboembolism recurred in 11% of patients. Risk factors associated with hemorrhagic complications and unsuccessful completion of anticoagulation therapy include advanced age, advanced stage of malignancy, incomplete surgical resection of tumor, and systemic chemotherapy. Complications of anticoagulant therapy were found to be excessive when compared to those in reports dealing with noncancer patients and may exceed the benefits of therapy in certain patients. Alternative methods of management for this group of high-risk patients are discussed. PMID- 6624809 TI - Picenadol (LY 150720) compared with meperidine and placebo for relief of post cesarean section pain: a randomized double-blind study. AB - Picenadol (LY 150720) is a racemic mixture of an N-methyl-4-phenylpiperidine derivative, with agonist-antagonist opiate properties. Preclinical animal pharmacology and toxicology studies demonstrated analgesic activity and a low order of toxicity. Clinical pharmacology studies have demonstrated its safety in man. Hospitalized post-cesarean section patients with postoperative pain were blindly given an intramuscular dose of picenadol, 25 mg, meperidine, 100 mg, or placebo. Analgesia and side effects of picenadol and meperidine were similar. PMID- 6624810 TI - Oligohydramnios: ultrasonically detected incidence and subsequent fetal outcome. AB - Oligohydramnios is a hallmark for intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and has been evaluated in populations suspected of having IUGR. We chose to evaluate its incidence in a routine obstetric population. During a 16-month period, ultrasound scans were performed on 1,408 patients. Severe oligohydramnios was identified in six patients (0.43%); Two infants had congenital malformations, and four had severe IUGR. A subset of 317 patients scanned within 2 weeks of delivery was reviewed. Although none of the patients fulfilled our original criterion of oligohydramnios (absence of a pocket of amniotic fluid 1 cm or more in broadest diameter), three of six small-for-gestational age infants had a subjective decrease in amniotic fluid volume for their stated gestational age. By changing the criterion of oligohydramnios to a subjective decrease in amniotic fluid volume, the sensitivity of this ultrasonic marker was increased to 50% and the specificity to 100%. We believe that the semiquantitative assessment of amniotic fluid volume can effectively screen for IUGR and thereby delineate a population, regardless of gestational age, that is at risk for perinatal morbidity and mortality. PMID- 6624811 TI - Extra-adrenal deoxycorticosterone production in hypoestrogenic pregnancies: Serum concentrations of progesterone and deoxycorticosterone in anencephalic fetuses and in women pregnant with an anencephalic fetus. AB - In a continuing effort to define the origin of and the regulation of the production of deoxycorticosterone, we measured deoxycorticosterone and progesterone in the umbilical cord plasma of 16 anencephalic fetuses and newborn infants (21 to 45 weeks' gestation) and deoxycorticosterone, progesterone, 17 beta-estradiol, and estriol in the plasma of 18 women pregnant (16 to 45 weeks) with an anencephalic fetus. Whereas umbilical cord plasma levels of progesterone in the anencephalic fetuses were similar to those of normal abortuses and newborn infants, those of deoxycorticosterone (1.3 +/- 0.21 ng/ml, mean +/- SE) were significantly lower (P less than 0.001) than those in normal abortuses and newborn infants delivered between 31 and 42 weeks' gestation (3.94 +/- 0.26 ng/ml). We found that plasma levels of deoxycorticosterone were significantly correlated (P less than 0.001) to those of progesterone in women pregnant with an anencephalic fetus, as well as in women pregnant with a normal fetus. Plasma levels of deoxycorticosterone (range = 0.14 to 0.92 ng/ml) in women pregnant with an anencephalic fetus were significantly lower than those in women pregnant with a normal fetus; plasma levels of progesterone were similar in both groups. The plasma levels of 17 beta-estradiol and of estriol were extremely low in women pregnant with an anencephalic fetus compared with those in women with a normal fetus and did not vary as a function of gestational age. In one subject who was pregnant with an anencephalic fetus, we found that estrogen treatment (100 mg of diethylstilbestrol/day) for 6 days caused a progressive increase in the serum levels of deoxycorticosterone and in the ratio of the concentration of concentration of deoxycorticosterone to that of progesterone in serum. Both the serum levels of deoxycorticosterone and the ratio of the concentration of deoxycorticosterone and in the ratio of the concentration of deoxycorticosterone to that of progesterone declined after cessation of estrogen treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6624812 TI - The importance of an antenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of correctable fetal malformations. AB - This study describes the importance of an early echographic examination during pregnancy for the antenatal diagnosis of fetal anomalies potentially correctable after birth. During a period of 18 months there were 28 cases. In seven fetuses a gastrointestinal malformation was diagnosed between 20 and 36 weeks of gestation; there were 16 cases of urogenital anomalies detected between 19 and 38 weeks of gestation, and five other various malformations were detected between 17 and 33 weeks of gestation (two diaphragmatic hernias, one congenital heart malformation, and two cases of benign tumors). This study suggests that ultrasonic antenatal diagnosis could result in a decrease in the morbidity of congenital malformations that are correctable if the delivery is carried out in a high-risk perinatal center. PMID- 6624814 TI - Heart rate and blood pressure responses to umbilical cord compression in fetal lambs with special reference to the mechanism of variable deceleration. AB - We examined heart rate and blood pressure responses to umbilical cord compression in fetal lambs. Fetal heart rate (FHR) responses resembling variable deceleration occurred only after umbilical blood flow was reduced by at least 50%. These changes during partial cord occlusion varied directly with the reduced umbilical blood flow and were abolished by atropine; no significant changes in arterial pressure were observed. Complete cord occlusion caused severe bradycardia, a progressive increase in arterial pressure, and delayed recovery of FHR. With partial cord occlusion, the bradycardia was of chemoreceptor origin and was vagally mediated; with complete occlusion the bradycardia may have resulted from both chemoreceptor and baroreceptor stimulation. During prolonged partial cord occlusion, FHR decreased initially, then recovered to above control value; this occurred in the face of a significant acidosis. Thus, FHR responses to cord compression are dependent on the actual percentage of reduction in umbilical blood flow and on its duration. PMID- 6624815 TI - Early invasive carcinoma of the vulva treated with the Mohs technique of microscopically controlled surgery. PMID- 6624813 TI - Maternal smoking and respiratory distress syndrome. AB - Infants of 603 patients on whom information about smoking habits during pregnancy was available were studied for incidence respiratory distress syndrome. Among the 360 patients who did not smoke, the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome in the neonate was 15.1%, whereas among patients who smoked, the incidence was 9.1%. We speculate that smoking produces a condition of chronic stress in the fetus which brings about an acceleration of fetal pulmonary maturation. PMID- 6624816 TI - Transient perinatal urinary retention: a cautionary note for the fetal surgeon. PMID- 6624817 TI - The incompetent cervix: words that can hurt. PMID- 6624818 TI - Serum tobramycin levels in puerperal women. PMID- 6624820 TI - Erythrocyte osmotic resistance in pregnancy. PMID- 6624819 TI - Comparison of treatments of post-cesarean section endomyometritis. PMID- 6624821 TI - Reliability of reporting of spontaneous abortion. PMID- 6624822 TI - Determinants of birth weight. PMID- 6624823 TI - Fetal cortisol levels at delivery: reply to Dr. Solomon's reply. PMID- 6624824 TI - Apparent accommodation in pseudophakic eyes after implantation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses. AB - We measured apparent accommodation in 42 pseudophakic eyes (34 patients) after implantation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses. The mean apparent accommodation was 2.03 +/- 1.03 diopters. The mean accommodative power of 16 phakic eyes used as controls was 2.91 +/- 1.29 diopters. The diameter of the pupil appeared to be the most important factor in apparent accommodation--the smaller the pupil, the greater the apparent accommodation. Apparent accommodation was inversely proportional to the pupillary diameter. There was no correlation, however, between apparent accommodation and corrected visual acuity, refractive error, corneal astigmatism, or axial length. There was a negative correlation between apparent accommodation and anterior chamber depth. PMID- 6624825 TI - Artifacts introduced by spectacle lenses in the measurement of strabismic deviations. AB - The peripheral prismatic effects of corrective spectacle lenses introduce an artifact when strabismic deviations are measured. Plus lenses decrease and minus lenses increase the measured deviation. This effect begins to become clinically significant with corrective lenses with powers of more than +/- 5 diopters. We developed a simplified model that predicts the magnitude of this effect. The model agreed with actual ray tracing analysis through commonly used spectacle lenses and also agreed closely with clinical data. The clinical use of this model is facilitated by remembering the artifacts produced by +20, +10, -10, and -20 diopter spectacle lenses and interpolating for intermediate values. Correcting for these artifacts should enhance the predictability of strabismus surgery in patients with significant ametropia. PMID- 6624826 TI - An outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in central Minnesota. AB - The only confirmed outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in the continental United States during 1982 occurred in Brainerd, Minnesota. The disease first appeared in a 27-year-old woman during a trip to Tahiti. The patient's two daughters (8 months old and 3 years old) developed mild conjunctivitis two days later. Although the symptoms of all three had completely resolved before they arrived in Brainerd, illness compatible with acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis developed in five other individuals who shared a house with them there. Symptoms appeared within two days in four of the five and within three days in the fifth. All five had high neutralizing antibody titers to enterovirus 70 (1:128, 1:32, 1:32, 1:128, and 1:256) and one had high antibody titers to coxsackievirus A24 which may cause similar symptoms (less than 1:4 in all cases). The symptoms resolved without sequelae in all five patients within five days. These cases demonstrated that a person who is no longer symptomatic can still infect others and that an infected person can transmit enterovirus 70 for at least eight days after the onset of symptoms. PMID- 6624827 TI - Tear immunoglobulins in giant papillary conjunctivitis induced by contact lenses. AB - Each of 18 patients with giant papillary conjunctivitis induced by contact lenses had symptoms of increased mucous production with blurred vision, decreased contact lens tolerance, pruritus, and giant papillae of the upper tarsal conjunctiva. When the tears were collected and analyzed for immunoglobulins, the more symptomatic eye was the left in nine patients and the right in seven patients. The fellow eyes were equally symptomatic in two patients. Tear IgE levels in patients with giant papillary conjunctivitis were significantly increased, especially in the more symptomatic eye (geometric mean, 6.9 IU/ml; P less than .01) compared with those in a control group who also wore contact lenses (2.1 IU/ml). Increased tear IgG levels (50.7 micrograms/ml; P less than .01) were found in the more symptomatic eyes of patients with giant papillary conjunctivitis. In eight of the 18 patients, tear IgM was measurable (greater than 4.7 micrograms/ml), whereas none of the control groups had detectable amounts of IgM in their tears. Studies with transferrin as a marker for the vascular leakage of serum proteins into the tears showed that local production was responsible for the increased tear immunoglobulin levels. PMID- 6624828 TI - Tadpole-shaped pupils caused by segmental spasm of the iris dilator muscle. AB - Segmental spasms of the iris dilator muscle produce intermittent pupillary distortion. A study of 26 case histories (six previously reported and 19 reported for the first time) showed that the episodes are brief (lasting less than five minutes in 23 of 26 patients, less than two minutes in 18 patients, and less than one minute in eight patients) but can occur several times a day. The patients ranged in age from 24 to 48 years (the age of one patient was not known); five were men and 21 were women. Eleven patients had Horner's syndrome, four had Adie's tonic pupil, and eight had definite or probable migraine (another three had possible migraine). The episodes eventually stopped, leaving no serious sequelae. Focal application of phenylephrine produced a similar distortion in a normal human eye. PMID- 6624829 TI - Clinical profile and long-term implications of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. AB - Of 196 patients with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, 169 had the nonarteritic form and 27 had the arteritic type. Visual acuities were 20/40 or better in 83 of 184 eyes with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy but only eight of 45 eyes with the arteritic type. We found systemic disease associations for hypertension and diabetes mellitus only for patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy who were between 45 and 64 years of age. After a mean follow-up period of five years, 92 nonarteritic patients showed no changes in the first affected eye; there was eventual involvement of the second eye in 20 patients. PMID- 6624830 TI - Unilateral and asymmetric optic disk swelling with intracranial abnormalities. AB - Although asymmetric or unilateral optic disk swelling is unusual in patients with increased intracranial pressure, we treated three such patients. Two (a 31-year old man and a 31-year-old woman, both of whom were overweight) had benign intracranial hypertension. The third patient (a 64-year-old man) had a posterior fossa mass that was later discovered to be an anaplastic astrocytoma. Thus, unilateral optic disk edema does not exclude intracranial abnormalities. The papilledema may be unilateral rather than bilateral because of an anomaly of the optic nerve sheath or a subarachnoid hemorrhage. PMID- 6624831 TI - Ocular histopathologic and biochemical studies of the cerebrohepatorenal syndrome (Zellweger's syndrome) and its relationship to neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy. AB - The eyes of three infants with cerebrohepatorenal disease (Zellweger's syndrome) who died demonstrated ganglion cell loss, gliosis of the nerve fiber layer and optic nerve, optic atrophy, and changes resembling those of retinitis pigmentosa in the retina and pigment epithelium. Ultrastructural examination showed bileaflet inclusions identical to those seen in neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy in the pigment epithelium and in pigmented macrophages, but these were absent in the cornea. Biochemical analysis of tissues demonstrated an excessive amount of very long-chain fatty acids in the ocular tissues, an abnormality also found in adrenoleukodystrophy. These histopathologic and biochemical results demonstrated that the cerebrohepatorenal syndrome and neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy are similar in regard to ocular abnormalities and the presence of saturated very-long chain fatty acids. PMID- 6624832 TI - Modifications of Callender's classification of uveal melanoma at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. AB - One hundred well-documented cases of uveal melanoma accessioned at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology before 1970 were reviewed and reclassified to identify changes made in the Callender classification. We compared the new classification with the original classification to determine the effect of the changes on the prediction of outcome for the patient after enucleation. Staff pathologists had originally classified 52 of the 100 cases as spindle-cell type melanoma. Only 31 of the 100 cases were reclassified as spindle-cell types (two spindle-cell nevi and 29 spindle-cell melanomas). Tumors classified as mixed-cell type were further subdivided into groups based on the percentage and size of the epithelioid cells. Tumors formerly classified as spindle-cell type that contained small or rare epithelioid cells were reclassified as mixed-cell type. This improved the prediction of outcome for the patient. We found that nucleolar size and pleomorphism are important variables that should be considered in the classification of uveal melanomas. PMID- 6624833 TI - Use of an intraocular gas tamponade to find retinal breaks. AB - We used the receding meniscus of an intraocular bubble being absorbed or the advancing meniscus of an expanding bubble to find the levels of retinal breaks in five patients with retinal detachments in which the breaks could not be found by the usual examination techniques. When we used a receding meniscus, the subretinal fluid was drained and the volume replaced by a perfluorocarbon gas calculated to fill the eye below the probable level of the retinal break. The bubble closed the break and maintained reattachment until the gas was absorbed. The level of the meniscus when redetachment first occurred indicated the level of the break. When we used an advancing meniscus, small amounts of perfluorocarbons were injected without drainage of subretinal fluid. As the gas bubble expanded it reattached the retina from above downward. When the bubble covered the retinal break, it tamponaded it and the remaining fluid absorbed within hours. The level of the meniscus when the retina became reattached marked the level of the retinal break. PMID- 6624834 TI - Vitrectomy for nondiabetic vitreous hemorrhage. AB - In a group of 94 eyes with nondiabetic vitreous hemorrhage that underwent pars plana vitrectomy between March 1974 and September 1982, the causes of the hemorrhages were retinal branch vein obstruction (36 eyes), blunt trauma (11 eyes), cataract extraction (ten eyes), subretinal neovascularization (nine eyes), Eales' disease (eight eyes), Terson's syndrome (four eyes), and idiopathic (five eyes) and miscellaneous (11 eyes) conditions. Vision was improved postoperatively in 88 of the 94 eyes, including all of those that underwent blunt trauma or cataract extraction, those with Eales' disease and Terson's syndrome, and those in the idiopathic and miscellaneous groups. Final visual acuities, which depended primarily on the underlying condition and its effect on the macula, were 20/20 or better in ten eyes, 20/25 to 20/40 in 37 eyes, 20/50 to 20/200 in 26 eyes, 20/300 to 20/400 in 11 eyes, 9/200 to 5/200 in three eyes, and hand movements or light perception in seven eyes. Retinal tears, the most common surgical complication, occurred in 18 eyes. The incidence of anterior retinal tears was reduced from 11% (11 of 38 eyes) to 4% (two of 56 eyes) after we began using a vitrectomy probe with a smaller diameter. Some postoperative lens opacification occurred in 16 of 50 phakic eyes, and the incidence of later lens opacification increased as the follow-up lengthened. PMID- 6624835 TI - High-resolution photography of the retinal nerve fiber layer. AB - Abnormalities in the appearance of the retinal nerve fiber layer can indicate the presence of optic nerve atrophy, but a major problem has been the difficulty of visualizing the nerve fiber layer in some individuals. By selectively illuminating the white nerve fiber layer in comparison with the red retinal pigment epithelium and choroidal background, red-free light increases the visibility of the nerve fiber layer. Compared with the standard red-free photographic technique, a 560-nm short-pass cut-off filter, used with extended range, high-resolution, extremely fine-grain film (Kodak No. 2415 Technical Pan film), considerably enhanced the ability to resolve nerve fiber bundles. PMID- 6624836 TI - Practical hypnotic suggestion in ophthalmic surgery. AB - To determine the effectiveness of hypnotic suggestion in eliminating unnecessary movement by the patient during surgery and to reduce postoperative discomfort, we assigned 59 patients undergoing radial keratotomy for the first time (32 men and 27 women ranging in age from 20 to 56 years; mean age, 30 years) to one of two groups. The first group (No. = 34) listened to a four-minute script designed to relax them just before undergoing surgery; the control group (No. = 25) received the same medications but did not hear the script. The two groups did not differ significantly in their behavior during surgery, the amount of pain experienced during surgery and postoperatively, or their awareness of the procedure. They did differ significantly in their descriptions of how they felt the day after surgery; 13 of 34 patients in the hypnosis group said they felt wonderful; only one of 24 patients in the control group expressed this opinion. PMID- 6624837 TI - Worldwide prevention of blindness. PMID- 6624838 TI - Expansion of the lacrimal gland fossa by a lymphoid tumor. PMID- 6624839 TI - Instrumentation for continuous fluid-air exchange during vitreous surgery. PMID- 6624840 TI - A modified flute needle. PMID- 6624841 TI - Irrigating eyelid speculum. PMID- 6624842 TI - Bilateral glaucoma caused by nasal carcinoma obstructing schlemm's canal. PMID- 6624843 TI - Side effects of topical ocular timolol. PMID- 6624844 TI - Unilateral systemic lupus erythematosus retinopathy. PMID- 6624845 TI - Capsulectomy and membranectomy with the argon laser. PMID- 6624846 TI - Vernal keratoconjunctivitis and keratoconus. PMID- 6624847 TI - YAG laser treatment of cystoid macular edema. PMID- 6624848 TI - Nationally speaking. Megatrends: a changing world for occupational therapists. PMID- 6624849 TI - Video as a medium in occupational therapy. AB - In 1977, Daniels (18) reported that more than 50 percent of the centers surveyed in her study owned and produced videotapes. Videotape materials considered most vital were about evaluation, treatment, and the occupational therapy process. This article focused on the use of video as a "selected task" for treatment and as an audiovisual record of patient performance. The article was intended to stimulate thinking about the use of video as an effective medium in occupational therapy, and also to suggest several ways video could be used for patient treatment or education. Video has the capability of being the preferred "medium" in many situations because of its familiarity, believability, intimacy, immediacy, cost-effectiveness, availability for use in the home, ability to portray motion, and its proven effectiveness. PMID- 6624850 TI - Possible pubertal effect on therapeutic gains in an autistic girl. AB - A deaf, partially sighted, severely retarded autistic girl, 11 years, 6 months of age, received approximately 2 years of occupational therapy, where sensory integration procedures were employed to reduce self-stimulation. Videotaped time samples of the amount of stereotypies showed a consistent reduction from the time of starting therapy to an interruption for vacation and surgery for scoliosis 46 weeks later. On returning to therapy after a 9-week break, self-stimulation had greatly increased and did not return to the presurgery level during an additional 55 weeks of therapy, 30 of which followed the removal of a cast. Menarche occurred 1 week after removing the cast. Increased self-stimulation is linked to reduced inclination toward environmental interaction as well as to an interruption of intervention and possible pubertal effect. Brief reports on four other autistic adolescents who received similar therapy are consistent with the conjecture of frequent pubertal regression. PMID- 6624851 TI - Oral sensorimotor therapy in the developmentally disabled: a multiple baseline study. AB - The efficacy of a program of sensorimotor facilitation procedures to improve oral motor function and feeding behaviors in students with severe developmental delay was explored. Four severely handicapped students were administered the oral habilitation program using a multiple baseline across-subjects design with staggered introduction of the treatment. Graphic analysis and the split middle method of trend estimation revealed that one subject evidenced an increase in weight and improved oral motor evaluation as a result of the intervention. Two other subjects displayed partial improvement. The correlates of treatment effectiveness are briefly discussed and the need for continued investigation is emphasized. PMID- 6624852 TI - Occupational behavior and life satisfaction among retirees. AB - Kielhofner's A Model of Human Occupation was used to guide a study on the effect of occupational behavior (defined as the type, amount, and meaningfulness of one's activities) on life satisfaction in retirees. Seventy-nine volunteers from a variety of settings for the elderly completed a questionnaire about the amount and types of their activities, the meaningfulness of their activities (i.e., enjoyability, autonomy, and competency), and life satisfaction. The results demonstrated that occupational behavior plays a significant role in affecting life satisfaction among retirees. PMID- 6624853 TI - The performance of adult males on the Southern California Figure-Ground Visual Perception Test. AB - The Southern California Sensory Integration Tests have been developed primarily for the evaluation of children with learning disabilities, yet they have potential for the assessment of adult perceptual dysfunction. In this research the Southern California Figure-Ground Visual Perception Test (FGP) was administered to a sample of 100 adult males and validated through correlation with the Embedded Figures Test (EFT). The results of the investigation found a normal distribution of figure-ground scores in addition to a significant correlation with the EFT. The means, standard deviations, and ranges are presented. Further data on relationship of the FGP to age, socioeconomic status, and educational level are presented, as well as a detailed description of the sample. It is concluded that this test is a satisfactory alternative to the EFT in interdisciplinary research by occupational therapists and, as an instrument, it has some important advantages for assessing figure-ground perception in persons with motor impairment or who are under psychotropic medication. PMID- 6624854 TI - Versatile sling-support for groin flap. AB - A groin flap sling was designed to permit better hygiene, wound care, mobility, and additional splinting for operative procedures upon the hand. We have fabricated 14 slings without complications to either abdominal or groin flaps. While wearing the sling, the patient is comfortable throughout the time the flap is attached. Joint stiffness and edema are minimal. PMID- 6624855 TI - Wheelchair-attachable deltoid aid. PMID- 6624857 TI - Interpreting reliability coefficients. PMID- 6624856 TI - Sensory integration as neurophysiology. PMID- 6624858 TI - Eleanor Clarke Slagle Lectureship--1983; clinical reasoning: the ethics, science, and art. AB - As I join the roster of Eleanor Clarke Slagle lecturers, I am keenly aware of the privilege and responsibility of being so honored by my professional colleagues. Since my selection for the award was based on a recognition of a synthesis of skills in occupational therapy practice, education, and research, it seemed fitting for me to pursue a topic that would in some way enable me to reflect this synthesis. Thus, in developing the theme of clinical reasoning, I have taken a practice issue, studied it from an educational perspective, and formulated a conceptual framework for guiding the development of a clinical science of occupational therapy. PMID- 6624860 TI - Fistula guard. PMID- 6624859 TI - Activity group counseling for learning-disabled children with behavior problems. AB - One of the most difficult problems confronting occupational therapists, teachers, and parents in dealing with latency-age learning-disabled children is handling oppositional behavior. Pre-adolescent boys, in particular, frequently have difficulty working cooperatively in a group, relating to peers, staying with a task, and seeing the consequences of their actions. This paper provides a rationale for treatment of children in groups and describes the development and early results of an activity group approach to counseling learning-disabled children with behavior problems using Gazda's developmental model. Group members showed improved ability to relate with siblings and peers; more mature and cooperative behavior; greater independence and impulse control; and increased verbal expression of anger. Parent and teacher feedback on behavior changes was positive. PMID- 6624861 TI - Test validation--an urgent need for occupational therapy. PMID- 6624862 TI - Dark adaptation and the acuity/luminance response in senile macular degeneration (SMD). AB - Patients with senile macular degeneration (SMD) often complain of problems with adaptation and have best acuity under a restricted range of lighting conditions. We investigated dark adaptation and acuity over a wide range of luminances in eight SMD patients and six age-matched controls. Some patients showed evidence of altered dark adaptation, with a much longer time required to reach asymptotic sensitivity levels than shown by normals; others had difficulty with spatial resolution at different light levels. There was good correlation between symptoms and test findings; all but one patient who reported difficulties with adaptation demonstrated either retarded adaptation, aberrant acuity/luminance response, or both. These data provide evidence that the processes which adjust the sensitivity of the retina and the spatial summation properties of the retina are disrupted in SMD. PMID- 6624863 TI - Progression of myopia in youth: age of cessation. AB - Patient records of young myopes were collected from three optometry practices. An index of the age at which increases of myopia in young people cease was derived using four different graphical and statistical methods. The results suggest that myopia stops increasing earlier in females than in males. There is, however, a great deal of individual variability in cessation age. Some implications for clinical practice and clinical research are discussed. PMID- 6624864 TI - Vision function recovery during orthoptic therapy in an exotropic amblyope with high unilateral myopia. AB - Orthoptic therapy was instituted in a 6 1/2-year-old patient having deep amblyopia, constant exotropia, and high unilateral myopia. The combination of these factors pointed toward a poor prognosis for attainment of normal monocular and binocular vision function. Rates of recovery of several vision functions were monitored during orthoptic therapy. Results showed marked improvement in most areas, thus providing evidence of neural plasticity at multiple sites in the visual pathways. PMID- 6624865 TI - Macular pigment difference spectrum from sensitivity measures of a single cone mechanism. AB - We have obtained the difference spectrum for the macular pigment by comparing the spectral sensitivity of the "green-sensitive" or G cone mechanism in the foveal and parafoveal region. The method overcomes objections to previous attempts to obtain a difference spectrum from the spectral sensitivities by isolating a single receptor mechanism; it also provides a relatively easy approach for obtaining a reliable measure of the optical density of the macular pigment for individual subjects. Our results using this method suggest a higher optical density for the macular pigment than that obtained from data where more than one cone type influenced the difference spectrum. PMID- 6624866 TI - Tropicamide-induced mydriasis in densely pigmented eyes. AB - Clinically effective diameters (CED's) corresponding to illumination intensities used in direct ophthalmoscopy were determined in 30 young adults with densely pigmented irides after instillation of 1 drop of 0.5% tropicamide. All subjects were of Asian, Pacific Island, or Hispanic origin. The maximum CED was attained by 30 min and was maintained without significant change for the next 60 min. Ninety percent of the subjects had maximum CED's of 6.0 mm or more, and 57% had CED's of 7.0 mm or more. These figures correspond to the entrance pupil diameters and are free from the effects of corneal magnification. The average CED's for these densely pigmented eyes did not differ in a statistically significant manner from corresponding mean CED's for 97 less densely pigmented Caucasian eyes during the interval of 30 to 90 min after instillation of tropicamide. Tropicamide at 0.5% concentration appears to be an effective mydriatic for use in these densely pigmented eyes with procedures requiring intensities of illumination similar to those used in direct ophthalmoscopy. PMID- 6624867 TI - Orthoptic treatment of subjects showing slow accommodative responses. AB - Five subjects showing slow accommodative responses were given orthoptic treatment. Speed of accommodative response improved after 3 to 6 weeks. No regressions were evident 18 weeks after the cessation of training. Slow accommodative responses were found in subjects with normal phorias and fusion limits. The technique of dynamic photorefraction is introduced for the clinical measurement of accommodative time characteristics. PMID- 6624869 TI - Amplitude variability of the steady-state visual evoked response (VER). AB - The reliability of steady-state visual evoked responses (VER's) was determined for nine normal subjects using Fourier analyses with 1.0 and 0.25 Hz bin resolutions. No correlations were found between VER amplitudes and subjects' reports of attention, accommodation, fixation, or perceived organization of the stimulus. Across subjects, there was also no sustained amplitude modulation of the VER by any frequency (including alpha), and frequency drift of the VER did not contribute significantly to its amplitude variability. Modeling, using mixed sine waves to simulate different signal/noise (S/N) ratios, established that a significant portion of VER amplitude variability can be accounted for by noise which occurs at the same frequency as the VER and which is not removed by ensemble averaging. PMID- 6624868 TI - Clinical evaluation of vertical fixation disparity. Part One. AB - The successful prescribing of vertical prism for the individual patient requires that (1) the deviation be measured in the presence of horizonal fusion, (2) the deviation be determined with distance and near fixation in the straight ahead and down-gaze positions, and (3) the ability to adapt to the prism be assessed. This study addresses the first requirement by evaluating the measurement of fixation disparity of asymptomatic patients using a readily available clinical procedure. The results indicate that the vertical fixation disparity varies directly and in a consistent manner with forced vertical vergence in patients with no vertical fixation disparity as well as in those with a vertical fixation disparity with zero forced vertical vergence. The implication of this information for the prescription of vertical prism is discussed. PMID- 6624870 TI - Does reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) prevent visual field loss in glaucoma? AB - The visual fields of 54 eyes (27 patients) having a medical diagnosis of open angle glaucoma and receiving treatment were compared with the visual fields recorded at the time of diagnosis of the disease. Visual fields remained stable in 34 (62%) of the glaucomatous eyes. However, reduction of the intraocular pressure (IOP) did not prevent the progression of existing field defects in 16 of 21 eyes nor prevent field damage from occurring in 4 of 33 eyes which had normal visual fields at the commencement of treatment. The presence of a visual field defect at the time of diagnosis was clearly associated with a high risk of continued field decay during treatment. Intraocular pressure at the time of diagnosis did not identify which eyes would develop visual field loss or suffer further loss despite hypotensive treatment. Likewise, the extent to which the IOP was reduced by treatment did not appear to be related to the decay of visual field. PMID- 6624871 TI - Dynamics of cover test eye movements. AB - The dynamics of unilateral cover test eye movements, never before systematically investigated with an objective recording system, are shown to be more complex than textbook accounts of them. We administered the cover test to nine heterophoric subjects by means of electromechanical occluders. Eye movements were recorded using the infrared photoelectric technique. Saccadic and vergence movements of the fixating eye were observed in almost all records when the occluded eye was uncovered. These movements were found in esophores and exophores and in both large and small phoria cases. Such movements were previously described in other asymmetric vergence tasks and appear to obey Hering's law of equal innervation. Uncovering the dominant eye, in cases of clear dominancy, resulted in shorter latency and larger amplitude saccades than did uncovering the nondominant eye. These large saccades were frequently of unequal amplitude in each eye. Trained subjects appear to use dynamic overshoots to increase this saccadic inequality and thereby attain vergence during saccades. Movements after the application of a cover to one eye, while grossly similar to textbook descriptions of them, are found to contain small vergence drifts and refixation (correcting) saccades in the nonoccluded eye. PMID- 6624872 TI - Impact resistance of variously mounted ophthalmic lenses. AB - An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the frangibility of ophthalmic glass lenses loaded by the impact of steel spheres with diameters ranging from 6.35 to 28.6 mm when dropped from heights up to 1.905 m. These lenses were supported either simply, by a ring similar to that used in U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) drop tests, or while inserted in three different commercially used frame configurations placed on a head form. Strains up to 4000 mu strain were recorded by gauges cemented to the lenses, and impact forces on the glass up to 10.2 kN were determined, with many lenses surviving. Plano lenses tested according to FDA standards experienced peak values of 2300 mu strain. The maximum force transmitted to the head form at the nose piece was found to be 91 N as determined by embedded crystal transducers. A series of special tests on circular plano lenses inserted in specially constructed rings and a circular eyewire indicated that eyewire tension is not a significant factor in impact resistance of lenses under both static and dynamic loading. PMID- 6624873 TI - Fresnel prism therapy for right hemianopia. AB - Fresnel prisms placed on the spectacle lenses of a patient with right hemianopia provide an easier means for the patient to become aware of objects located in the blind field. Exact location of the prisms is important. PMID- 6624874 TI - A survey of visual services available to the institutionalized mentally retarded. AB - Investigators have found a higher incidence of refractive error and eye disease in the mentally retarded population, so a study was needed to determine the extent of vision services available to this population. A survey requesting information on frequency of eye examinations and vision screenings was mailed to administrators of Illinois State and private residential facilities for the mentally retarded. The results indicate that vision services in these institutions are inadequate. PMID- 6624875 TI - Congenital polycystic kidney disease. Genetically transmitted infantile polycystic kidney disease in C57BL/6J mice. PMID- 6624876 TI - The clonal characteristics of human aortic intima. Comparison with fatty streaks and normal media. AB - The clonal characteristics of normal-appearing but thickened aortic intima were studied by the use of the isoenzymes of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6 PD) as cellular markers in females heterozygous for this X-linked enzyme. Isoenzyme patterns of 133 samples of intima were compared with those of 237 samples of underlying media and with those of 58 fatty streaks dissected from the same aortas. The proportion of samples of intima and fatty streaks with monoclonal or intermediate characteristics was the same, but both had more monoclonal or intermediate samples than underlying media (P less than 0.05). However, samples of intima showed a central clustering tendency of isoenzyme values similar to that of underlying media, while values from fatty streaks showed a bimodal distribution suggesting the presence of cell populations in the process of becoming monoclonal. The data suggest that clonal proliferation may begin in normal-appearing intima but that it progresses through a fatty streak stage before proceeding to the monoclonal fibrous plaque. PMID- 6624877 TI - Kidney structure in hypothyroidism. AB - Hypothyroidism is associated with changes in renal function and a decrease in kidney weight. The present study was carried out for examination of the effect of the antithyroid drug aminotriazole (ATZ) on kidney structure and especially for determination of whether hypothyroidism affects the whole nephron or only a specific segment of it. Female Sprague-Dawley rats received ATZ in their diet, 0.5 g/kg food for 4 weeks. Control rats received a normal diet. Additional groups of animals receiving ATZ in the diet were given daily injections of L-thyroxine (T4) for determination of whether ATZ-induced changes could be prevented by thyroid hormone. After collection of physiologic data the kidneys were fixed by in vivo perfusion with 3% glutaraldehyde in preparation for light-microscopic morphometry. Following ATZ treatment there was a significant decrease in serum triiodothyronine (T3) and in GFR. Kidney weights were decreased, mainly because of a reduction of cortical tissue. Morphometry showed no changes in the relative volumes of the various compartments of the kidney, indicating that the decrease in weight involved all segments of the nephron. Direct measurements of tubular diameters revealed a decrease in the peritubular diameters in both proximal tubules and the thick ascending limb and a decreased cell height in the thick ascending limb. All the ATZ-induced changes could be prevented by simultaneous treatment with T4, suggesting that the changes were caused by the antithyroid effect of ATZ and were not a nonspecific toxic effect. PMID- 6624878 TI - Synergistic effect of heparin and chemotactic factor on polymorphonuclear leukocyte aggregation and degranulation. AB - The in vitro effects of therapeutic amounts of polyanionic heparin on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) aggregation and on the release of cationic lactoferrin from PMN-specific granules were investigated. Incubation of 1 X 10(7) human PMNs with 0.3 unit/ml of heparin followed by stimulation with the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) 2 X 10(-7) M significantly increased PMN aggregation, compared with controls. Cytochalasin B potentiated aggregation, which was further increased by incubation of the PMNs with heparin. Similarly, heparin also increased PMN degranulation and lactoferrin release following stimulation with FMLP with or without cytochalasin B, compared with controls. In addition, human lactoferrin complexed with heparin on a sucrose density gradient and caused a significant shift in the migration of 3H-heparin. Finally, rabbits pretreated with intravenous heparin resulting in prolongation of their activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) to 1.5 to 2.5 times baseline had more profound reduction in PMN counts following a challenge with the secretagogue phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). These studies demonstrate that heparin can interact synergistically with chemotactic stimuli known to evoke lactoferrin release, which in turn leads to enhancement of PMN aggregation. Our data further suggest that heparin may be contraindicated in the treatment of syndromes with increased PMN aggregation such as endotoxin-induced Schwartzman type reactions. PMID- 6624879 TI - Spasmogenic properties of platelet-activating factor: evidence for a direct mechanism in the contractile response of pulmonary tissues. AB - Platelet-activating factor (1-O-alkyl-2-O-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; PAF) induces a specific, dose-dependent contraction of guinea pig lung parenchymal strips with an ED50 value of 10(-9) M. The smooth muscle contractile activity of PAF in this system was not effected by the H1-blocking antihistamine, pyrilamine (10(-6) M), the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors, indomethacin (10( 5) M), aspirin (10(-4) M), or sulfinpyrazone (5 X 10(-4) M), the leukotriene synthesis inhibitor, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA; 10(-5) M), the leukotriene antagonist FPL 55712 (10(-6) M) or the inhibitor of arachidonic acid metabolism, eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA; 2 X 10(-5) M). The role of platelets in this system was also investigated. PAF-mediated contractions were not attenuated following platelet depletion using nitrogen mustard, nor were they augmented by the addition of exogenous platelets. Furthermore, isolated platelets incubated with PAF did not release stable substances spasmogenic for lung parenchymal strips. Finally, contractile activity of PAF was demonstrated in lung parenchymal strips from rats, a species whose platelets are insensitive to PAF at elevated concentrations. Taken together, these data show that PAF contracts smooth muscle of guinea pig lung parenchyma independently of endogenous histamine, arachidonic acid metabolites, or platelets trapped within the pulmonary vasculature. It is concluded, therefore, that PAF may act directly on contractile cells of the lung. PMID- 6624880 TI - Enhancement of human polymorphonuclear leukocyte adherence by the phospholipid mediator 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (AGEPC). AB - The phospholipid mediator 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (AGEPC) increases human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) adherence to Sephadex G 25 in manner directly proportional to the concentration of AGEPC from 2 to 650 nM. The maximal enhancement of PMN adherence of 85% +/- 23% (mean +/- SD) evoked by 650 nM AGEPC was indistinguishable in magnitude from that elicited by an optimal concentration of the chemotactic peptide N-f-Met-Leu-Phe. The results of analyses of the relative PMN adherence-enhancing activities of analogs of AGEPC suggest distinct molecular requirements for the enhancement of adherence. PMN adherence increases within 1 minute after exposure of the leukocytes to AGEPC, and the augmented adherence persists for over 30 minutes in spite of extensive washing of the leukocytes. Indomethacin partially blocked enhancement of adherence by AGEPC, suggesting that thromboxane A2 mediates in part the enhancement of adherence by AGEPC. PMID- 6624881 TI - Release of phospholipase A2 activity from rabbit peritoneal neutrophils by f-Met Leu-Phe. AB - Rabbit peritoneal neutrophils secrete phospholipase A2 activity in response to f Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP). The secretion of phospholipase A2, like that of the known granule enzymes, requires cytochalasin B and is enhanced by extracellular Ca2+, and the time course of the release is rapid, being completed in less than a minute. The concentration dependence of the secretion of the phospholipase is the same as that of the known granule enzymes up to 10(-9) M FMLP. At this concentration, the release of the known granule enzymes reaches a maximum, but that of phospholipase A2 does not until 10(-8) M FMLP. The amount of enzyme activity released plus the amount of enzyme activity remaining in the pellet is distinctly greater than the total enzyme activity extractable from the cell before release. The phospholipase secreted is active in the neutral to alkaline range, requires Ca2+, is inhibited by low levels of detergent, and is of A2 specificity. PMID- 6624882 TI - Skin pressure measurements on various mattress surfaces in cancer patients. AB - Twenty-eight patients with histologically proven carcinoma were studied on two dynamic and six static mattress surfaces to determine which mattress surface would provide the least skin surface pressure at the sacrum, dorsal spine, trochanter and heels. Measurements were taken with an especially designed inflatable bladder, and the mean of the maximum skin surface pressures was determined for the static and dynamic surfaces in the inflated and deflated state. Using less than or equal to 32 mm Hg as the skin surface pressure at which the arteriolarcapillary blood flow is interrupted, we concluded that the mud gel bed generally tended to record the lowest skin surface pressure for all of the sites. Although some of the static surfaces recorded pressures less than or equal to 32 mm Hg at the sacrum and dorsal spine, the deflated dynamic surfaces were superior to the remaining static surfaces in reducing the skin surface pressures. PMID- 6624883 TI - Prevalence and characteristics of chronic phantom limb pain among American veterans. Results of a trial survey. AB - Twelve hundred American amputees who are military veterans were surveyed by questionnaire about their amputations, pain sensitivity, demography, treatment history, stump problems, phantom sensations, and phantom pain. Over sixty percent responded and of these 85 percent reported significant amounts of phantom pain. This is in sharp contrast to both the literature and our clinical experience which indicate that although most amputees seen in a clinical setting report some occasional minor discomfort due to their phantoms, only between one half percent and five percent experience severe phantom pain. There was no relationship between reasons for amputation, use of prosthesis, pain sensitivity, age, years since amputation, or other demographic variables and presence of severity of phantom pain. Those respondents describing phantom pain usually had either momentary episodes of intense, debilitating pain, or virtually continuous discomfort varying in intensity but reaching debilitating levels occasionally. The fairly continuous pains were all similar in description to magnified versions of comfortable phantom sensations reported by other respondents. Few of the reported treatments were of any value. PMID- 6624885 TI - Intertribal gene flow between the Ye'cuana and Yanomama: genetic analysis of an admixed village. AB - Genetic exchange with a neighboring village of Ye'cuana Indians had introduced two alleles, Dia and ACPa, into the Yanomama Indian Village of Borabuk. After several generations, these alleles had reached frequencies of 0.08 and 0.10, respectively. These frequencies are puzzling because they are higher in Borabuk than in the Ye'cuana village from which they were derived. Single allele estimates of ancestral proportions obtained from either of these traits are biologically unrealistic and suggest that admixture is not a good explanation for genetic variation in Borabuk. Nevertheless, multiallelic admixture models are seen to produce credible estimates of ancestral proportions and to explain a large amount of allele frequency variation in Borabuk. When these results are compared with expectations derived froma formal pedigree analysis, good agreement is seen. Comparison of single allele estimates of ancestral proportions obtained from alleles at 11 loci, with multiallelic estimates obtained from the same 11 loci and with the pedigree-derived estimates, demonstrates the superiority of the multiallelic approach. PMID- 6624884 TI - Marital structure and genetic heterogeneity of Ramea Island, Newfoundland. AB - The population structure of Ramea Island, Newfoundland, is described using surname, marital migration, and serological data. Results presented indicate that Ramea is an open and heterogeneous population. It is shown, however, that this contemporary characterization has a time depth of only three decades and has resulted from a rapid population response to a single historical/economic event. PMID- 6624886 TI - Transferrin subtypes in four Northwest Indian tribal populations and some remarks on the anthropological value of this new polymorphism. AB - Serum samples from four tribal Populations--Chaudhuri, Kotwalia, Vasava, Gamit living in Gujarat (Northwest India) were tested for transferrin subtypes. The results are compared with those reported for other Indian populations. Reviewing all the hitherto published Tf subtype data some interesting racial differences in the distribution of gene frequencies emerge. A possible geographical distribution pattern of the variants is explored. PMID- 6624887 TI - Fluctuating asymmetry in molar dimensions and discrete morphological traits in Pima Indians. AB - Asymmetry in mesiodistal and buccolingual crown diameters and in eight morphologic crown traits of permanent first and second molars was analyzed in a large Pima Indian sample. Analysis of antimeric differences indicates no consistent evidence for directional asymmetry in Pima molars for either dimensions or morphologic traits. Second molars show greater degrees of metric and morphologic asymmetry than first molars. There is no conclusive evidence for either sex differences in magnitude of asymmetry or relationships between tooth size and morphologic asymmetry. Nonparametric correlations computed between asymmetry in crown dimensions and morphological traits show no significant interaction except where morphological trait development affected crown measurements. The distributions of antimeric differences for dimensional and morphologic traits demonstrate significant leptokurtic deviations from normality. This indicates fluctuating asymmetry in Pima Indians may result from several different sources of developmental variation. PMID- 6624888 TI - HLA types of mummified Eskimo bodies from the 15th century. AB - In 1978 the bodies of eight Eskimos were discovered in two tombs among the rocks at Qilakitsoq in the Umanak District on the west coast of Greenland. By C14 analysis at the Danish National Museum the burial was dated around A.D. 1460. The climatic conditions have been favorable for the preservation of the bodies, which were freeze-dried by nature to almost the consistency of wood. With skin and muscle tissue from the thigh, a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) type determination was carried out by means of a microabsorption method developed in this laboratory on spleen tissue from recently deceased persons (Hansen and Gurtler, 1979, 1982). The aim of the HLA determinations of these mummies was to reveal possible family relationships, and to see whether the HLA antigens found would be typical for now living Eskimo populations. The results indicate that two families were buried, one in each of the two tombs. PMID- 6624889 TI - Cytogenetic comparison and phylogeny of three species of Hylobatidae. AB - Representatives of three subgenera of Hylobatidae, Hylobates (Symphalangus) syndactylus, H. (Nomascus) concolor and H. (Hylobates) agilis were compared karyotypically by G-banding, and silver staining. A greater degree of similarity (30-55%) was found among these groups than previous reports suggest; however, these figures are still considerably lower than chromosome similarities characteristic of all other catarrhine groups. Inversion, translocation, fission, and fusion have all played a role in restructuring hylobatid chromosomes since a common hominoid ancestor. H. syndactylus and H. concolor show the greatest G-band correspondence, and in addition share an unusual C-band distribution and an extremely rare nucleolar organizing region placement (on the Y chromosome). The latter two are probably shared derived traits, suggesting that these two species shared a common ancestor not shared by other hylobatids. These data suggest a branching order for these three hylobatid groups different from those derived by other morphological and biochemical methods. PMID- 6624890 TI - Formation of the permanent dentition in Arikara Indians: timing differences that affect dental age assessments. AB - This report concerns one problem encountered with application of American white dental formation standards to age assessment of sub-adults of archaeological context. Dental ages for eight mandibular permanent teeth and maxillary central and lateral incisors of Arikara Indian immature skeletons were determined according to degree of crown or root mineralization. Ages assigned to the various teeth of the same individual were compared. They showed similarities as well as patterned differences. First premolar, second premolar, and mandibular incisor ages closely approximated one another. In relation to this complex, dental ages for maxillary incisors and mandibular second molars were older by 0.5 to 1.1 years. Developmental ages assigned to individuals on the basis of third molars showed relative advancement by more than 2 years. The systematic occurrence of these observations reflects more than just individual variability; it shows the presence of population differences in tooth-formation timing. Timing differences complicate assessment of dental ages needed for growth or demographic studies. PMID- 6624891 TI - Airport noise exposure and the postnatal growth of children. AB - To determine whether chronic exposure to airport noise affects children, a study was conducted of the physical growth of children, aged 5-13 years, from two communities, one exposed to airport noise (n = 148) and another, not exposed (n = 102). Ten standard anthropometric measurements were made according to U.S. Health Examination Survey guidelines, and information on the social and biological characteristics of each family was collected in interviews. Hotelling's T2-tests were performed comparing the noise-exposed and nonnoise-exposed samples. There was no significant difference between the sample for measurements of social and biological characteristics of the families (including socioeconomic status and maternal reproductive history). Parental anthropometrics differed significantly (T2 = 24.32, P = 0.0001) as did child anthropometrics (T2 = 21.01, P = 0.032). For the child anthropometrics, noise-exposed children's slightly smaller measures of body bulk, together with their larger facial breadths, contributed to the significant T2. When the entire sample (n = 250) was analyzed by multiple linear regression, noise exposure was a significant predictor only of male triceps and subscapular skinfolds. For these two variables, and most other anthropometrics, however, the beta coefficients were negative for both sexes. In order to include information on the covariance structure among all variables, a canonical correlation analysis was performed. Noise exposure loaded negatively on the third canonical variate and was paired with positively loaded measures of body bulk. Taken together, the three analyses suggest that while there is some evidence for a slight effect of airport noise on measures of body bulk for males in this sample, most measures of postnatal growth for both males and females were unaffected by the noise levels experienced. PMID- 6624892 TI - Aging in the musculoskeletal system of rhesus monkeys: I. Passive joint excursion. AB - In order to describe ontogenetic change in the musculoskeletal system of rhesus monkeys, 126 Macaca mulatta from Cayo Santiago, ranging in age from 7 months to 21 years, were examined under anesthesia. Passive joint excursions were measured at the wrist, elbow, shoulder, hip, and knee. Mean ranges of excursion at these joints differed significantly between age groups and by sex. The potential for most movements appeared to decrease approximately 25 degrees over the first two decades of the macaque life span, and males generally showed less potential for movement than females in all age groups. These results are similar to those obtained for humans and are consistent with patterns of positional behavior, trauma, and osteoarthritis observed in this rhesus monkey population. Thus, to fully describe the locomotor strategy of rhesus monkeys, age- and sex-related variation in locomotor anatomy and functional capacity must be considered. PMID- 6624894 TI - Genetics, evolution, and disease. A collection of papers from symposia from the fifty-first annual meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists. Eugene, Oregon, April 1-3, 1982. PMID- 6624893 TI - Dental morphology and odontometry of the Tibetan immigrants. AB - Dental features such as size, shape, cusp number and groove pattern, deflecting wrinkle, protostylid, form and size of dental arch and occlusion pattern, as well as crown diameters of maxillary and mandibular dentition of the Tibetan immigrants in India are described. Sex differences in various measurements are also noted. Overall reduction in size, presence of hypodontia of the third molar, and absence of Carabelli's trait are a distinct progressive/evolutionary trend in the Tibetan dentition, while presence of a shovel-shaped lingual surface of central and lateral incisors is a retrogressive/primitive condition. In some of the dental features Tibetans resemble Caucasoid and modern populations, in certain others they resemble other Mongoloid populations, and in still other features they resemble aboriginal populations and fossil hominids. PMID- 6624895 TI - Diabetes mellitus in the Pima Indians: genetic and evolutionary considerations. AB - Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is a common disease in the Pima Indians. It is familial and strongly related to obesity. Neel (1962) suggested that the introduction of a steady food supply to people who have evolved a "thrifty genotype" leads to obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. Our findings in the Pimas of differences in insulin sensitivity in different metabolic pathways suggest that the thrifty genotype involves the ability of insulin to maintain fat stores despite resistance to glucose disposal. The recent increase in diabetes incidence following the availability of an abundant food supply suggests that the ability to store energy efficiently during cycles of feast and famine may now lead to obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. PMID- 6624896 TI - Cerumen phenotype and epithelial dysplasia in nipple aspirates of breast fluid. AB - The relationship between presence of dysplastic epithelial cells in nipple aspirates of breast fluid and wet or dry cerumen phenotype was studied in 1,150 white and Asian American women. A statistically significant greater proportion of premenopausal white women of wet cerumen phenotype, compared to women of the dry cerumen type, was found to have cytologic dysplasia (relative risk 6.5 [1.8- 22.3]). The effect was not observed in postmenopausal women. The finding offers new support for our hypothesis that an apocrine genetic factor affecting breast gland secretion may influence exposure of the breast epithelium to potential carcinogenic substances of exogenous or endogenous origin. PMID- 6624897 TI - Genetic and anthropologic factors in gluten-sensitive enteropathy. PMID- 6624898 TI - Patterns of cancer in geographic and endogamous subdivisions of the Hutterite Brethren of Canada. AB - The Hutterite Brethren comprise a religious isolate and live on communal agricultural farms (colonies) in North America. In 1976 there were approximately 15,000 Canadian Brethren living in 179 colonies of the three endogamous subdivisions, the Dariusleut, Lehrerleut, and Schmiedeleut. Dariusleut and Lehrerleut colonies are located in both Alberta and Saskatchewan, and the Schmiedeleut are in Manitoba. Brethren were identified on population-based cancer registries of the three Prairie Provinces and among death registrations in the vital statistics of Alberta and Saskatchewan. The method of ascertainment was by a search for the 15 contemporary surnames and verification by address. 89 male and 91 female Brethren were identified who had cancer during the period, 1956- 1975. The numbers of observed cancers were less than expected from provincial incidence rates for males and females in each province. The largest deficits were for female Brethren in Manitoba and Saskatchewan. There is a marked deficiency of cancer of the uterine cervix among female Brethren. In males there is a significant deficit of lung cancer. The Hutterite way of life contributes to a low risk for cancers of smoking-associated sites. However, there is evidence that male Brethren in Alberta may be at relatively increased risk for stomach cancer and leukemias. The site distribution patterns of cancers among the three endogamous leut are similar. PMID- 6624899 TI - Cultural and biological inheritance of plasma lipids. AB - A path analytic model for the analysis of nuclear family data is described and used to analyze the results of two major studies of cholesterol (CH) and triglyceride (TG), the Honolulu Heart Study (HHS) of Japanese-Americans and the Cincinnati Lipid Research Clinic (LRC) study of Caucasians. The studies were first analyzed separately to assess evidence for genetic and cultural transmission, marital resemblance, and maternal environmental effects for the two plasma lipids, and then simultaneously to identify the nature and sources of any between-study-heterogeneity. There were significant sources of heterogeneity between the two studies for CH (only marital environmental resemblance and non transmitted sibling environmental resemblance) and for TG (only non-transmitted sibling environmental resemblance). The two studies were homogeneous with respect to the magnitude of genetic and cultural effects; for CH genetic heritability was estimated as h2 = .594 +/- .041 while cultural heritability was estimated as c2 = .035 +/- .008, and for TG the two heritabilities were estimated as h2 = .259 +/- .034 and c2 = .108 +/- .014. An additional bivariate analysis of the association between the two lipids revealed that all phenotypic resemblance could be explained in terms of an association of non-transmitted residual environments with little evidence for a genetic association. The relevance of these results for an understanding of the genetic epidemiology of plasma lipids is discussed. PMID- 6624900 TI - Genetic analysis of manic-depressive illness. AB - Two threshold models, a single locus model, and two combined models are fitted to data on familial incidence of bipolar affective disorder in 194 nuclear families ascertained through a bipolar proband. The relative fit of alternative transmission models is tested by a likelihood ratio chi-square with the degrees of freedom defined by the difference in the number of parameters estimated by each model. All parameters are estimated by the method of maximum likelihood. The simplest threshold model, permitting only a single background familial correlation, is found to provide a statistically poorer fit than any of the alternative models, and may be rejected as a model for the etiology of bipolar affective disorder. The four remaining models are statistically indistinguishable. It is suggested, however, that the involvement of a major locus in the etiology of this disorder deserves further scrutiny since any of the models incorporating a major locus, with or without a multifactorial background, are consistently associated with greater likelihoods than the complex threshold model. It is also noted that diagnostic criteria are critical in the analysis. In the present study, relatives of probands are considered affected if a diagnosis of bipolar or unipolar affective disorder is present. When only bipolar relatives are considered affected, none of the transmission models may be rejected. Finally, the results of these analyses are found to be independent of the ascertainment parameter. PMID- 6624901 TI - Genetic epidemiology. AB - From the papers in this symposium, an attempt is made to establish the scope and aim of genetic epidemiology. Specifically, its objective is seen as the elucidation of the role of genetic factors in the etiology of a disease whose distribution is related to individual genetic constitution and population genetic structure. A study of multiple sclerosis in the Orkney Islands provides an example. PMID- 6624902 TI - Genetic and evolutionary implications in peptic ulcer disease. AB - The evidence for a genetic component in peptic ulcer disease has been based on twin, family, and blood group studies. A polygenic model for the inheritance of peptic ulcers has been displaced by a genetic heterogeneity model based on several lines of evidence, some of the most powerful being recent work using subclinical markers. One marker in particular, an elevated level of serum pepsinogen I (PG I), a pepsin precursor produced by the gastric mucosa, secreted into the stomach lumen and also appearing in the bloodstream, has been found to be associated with a subgroup of duodenal ulcer patients. Segregation analysis of elevated serum PG I in duodenal ulcer sibships demonstrates familial aggregation consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance. Elevated PG I is also accompanied by gastric hyperacidity and presumably indicates those individuals with an increased mass of chief and parietal cells, and thus an increased capacity for peptic activity, an important element in the pathogenesis of ulcer disease. An evolutionary hypothesis based on selection for peptic activity and acidity is offered to explain several of the epidemiologic and genetic elements of this group of chronic diseases. PMID- 6624903 TI - The human histocompatibility system: anthropological considerations. AB - The human histocompatibility system (HLA) is a linked complex of genes on human chromosomes 6. Many of the loci in this region are highly polymorphic. This endows the system with unique differentiating powers, both in terms of the population genetics of the reconstruction of evolutionary trees to assess biological divergences (or affinities) in human populations, and in terms of detecting the genetic component of the many diseases which show an association with certain variants (alleles) of the HLA system. Different racial groups often exhibit different HLA disease associations; that is, a different allele is associated with the disease in different populations, although in some cases the same allele is associated with the disease in all populations. The classical example of this latter situation is the association of B27 with ankylosing spondylitis. This disease will be used as an example to illustrate how population observations allow inferences to be made regarding the evolutionary histories of the HLA-associated diseases, as well as the genetic mechanisms of the diseases. PMID- 6624904 TI - Genetic and sociocultural components of high blood pressure. AB - The cardiovascular diseases exert widely differing contributions to the total burden of mortality and morbidity in extant human populations. To a large extent these differences are a reflection of the variable distribution of specific antecedent risk factors. For one such risk factor, blood pressure, there is considerable variability in its distribution between different ethnic groups, especially between traditional and nontraditional societies. Intensive epidemiological studies in Western societies, together with a number of cross cultural comparisons, suggest that the major determinants of high blood pressure are likely to be a constellation of sociocultural factors, with genetic determination being limited to the interaction between genotype and environment. Studies of populations in sociocultural transition offer an unique opportunity to identify the relative influence of specific sociocultural factors on the rate of change of blood pressure. In addition, when the study of such populations is placed in a quasi-experimental context, genetic-environmental interactions may also be detected. This strategy is illustrated by a study of the changing blood pressure distribution in Tokelauan migrants. Such an approach requires the initial definition of a response variable which measures change in blood pressure as a consequence of migration. The response variable, which identifies the relative influence of concomitants such as weight, age, and obesity, can then be subjected to genetic analysis. In the Tokelau case, blood pressure response tends to be positive in migrants but negative in nonmigrants. Further statistical analysis indicates that there is a small proportion of high responders in both populations and that these cluster in families in the migrant population. However, estimates of the transmission parameter suggest that sociocultural transmission, rather than Mendelian segregation, is responsible. To date there is little evidence that genetic-environmental interactions have had any impact on the development of hypertension in this migrant population. PMID- 6624905 TI - Partition of maternal glucose production between conceptus and maternal tissues in sheep. AB - Experiments were conducted in late-gestation, conscious, pregnant ewes to measure maternal glucose production and the net glucose uptake by the uterus, fetus, uteroplacenta, and nonuterine maternal tissues. Glucose concentration in the ewes varied naturally or decreased in response to fasting. Normoglycemic ewes (63.8 +/ 8.7 mg/dl) had a glucose production rate of 178.7 +/- 44.5 mg/min compared with a rate of 76.9 +/- 20.6 mg/min for hypoglycemic ewes (34.7 +/- 7.4 mg/dl). Uterine glucose uptake (56.5 +/- 16.8 mg/min), fetal glucose uptake (15.7 +/- 5.2 mg/min), uteroplacental glucose uptake (40.8 +/- 13.4 mg/min), and nonuterine maternal glucose uptake (122.2 +/- 27.7 mg/min) in the normoglycemic ewes were significantly greater than in the hypoglycemic ewes (28.7 +/- 5.4, 7.5 +/- 4.4, 21.2 +/- 6.6, and 48.2 +/- 15.2 mg/min, respectively). The fractional distribution of maternally produced glucose among nonuterine maternal tissues, the fetus, and the uteroplacenta was not altered markedly by hypoglycemia despite a 57% reduction in maternal glucose production. PMID- 6624906 TI - Cerebral glucose metabolism during 30 minutes of moderate hypoxia and reoxygenation. AB - In 50 separate experiments, isolated canine brain preparations were subjected to 15 or 30 min of either PaO2 30 mmHg or PaO2 40 mmHg perfusion followed by up to 60 min of reoxygenation at a normal PaO2. The cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (CMRGlu) increased 70-80% after 2 min of hypoxia but then returned to nearly the normal rate by the end of the 30-min period of hypoxia. Glycolytic flux appeared to be facilitated in both groups initially but was inhibited as the hypoxic period continued. This slowing of glycolysis after 15 or 30 min of hypoxia appears to be modulated by the regulatory enzyme phosphofructokinase. Glucose equivalents metabolized, based on CMRGlu plus brain glucose and glycogen disappearance, far exceed the glucose equivalents that can be accounted for on the basis of oxygen utilization and brain lactate formation. Thus, during hypoxia, some of the glucose equivalents must be utilized for synthesis of other metabolites. The glycolytic intermediates returned to normal after reoxygenation in the PaO2 40 mmHg preparations, but the PaO2 30 mmHg preparations continued to show evidence of decreased glycolysis and a lingering lactacidosis. Although posthypoxic oxygen uptake was sufficient to oxidize all glucose entering the brain, there was no significant release of accumulated lactate into the blood. Thus, the decrease in brain tissue lactate must have been the result of lactate oxidation. A significant amount of the glucose entering the brain during the posthypoxic period appears to be used for metabolite synthesis rather than energy production. PMID- 6624907 TI - Effect of blood pH and ischemia on kinetic constants for cerebral glucose transport. AB - In 117 experiments, the isolated canine brain was subjected either to 4-min pulses with blood ranging from pH 6.8 to 7.8, 30 min of hypoxia (PaO2 30 mmHg or 40 mmHg), or 30 min of complete ischemia followed by 60 min of perfusion with normal oxygenated blood. Unidirectional and net glucose fluxes were measured under all experimental conditions, and kinetic constants were calculated for unidirectional transport at each pH and after ischemia. In brains perfused with blood having a PaO2 of 30 or 40 mmHg, we observed a 58 and a 55% increase, respectively, in the net flux; however, there was no significant change in the unidirectional flux either during hypoxia or during the recovery period. Exposure of the brains to blood with a pH of 6.8, 7.0, and 7.2 had no effect on the unidirectional flux; however, as pH was raised above 7.4 both the Km and Vmax increased, reaching a maximum of 12.06 +/- 2.34 mM and 2.38 +/- 0.28 mumol X g-1 X min-1, respectively, at pH 7.8. The V/K ratio was unchanged. After 30 min of ischemia, there was a significant change (P less than 0.05) in the Km of the unidirectional glucose transport process from a control value of 5.84 +/- 1.75 mM to 17.40 +/- 5.50. These studies suggest that unidirectional flux is impaired after ischemia due to a decrease in the carrier's affinity for glucose; however, the observed changes are apparently unrelated to a fall in tissue pH. A similar mechanism is believed to be responsible for the decrease in unidirectional glucose flux after hypoxia. PMID- 6624908 TI - Absence of hepatic extraction of pancreatic polypeptide in conscious dogs. AB - In 15 conscious dogs basal portal vein pancreatic polypeptide (PP) (306 +/- 8 pg/ml) exceeded both hepatic vein PP (255 +/- 8 pg/ml) and arterial PP (244 +/- 9 pg/ml) and increased rapidly 10 min after oral glucose administration. In contrast to oral glucose, intraportal glucose infusion decreased PP levels from 45 min until the end of the infusion. Meat ingestion rapidly and promptly increased PP. During the basal state, hepatic extraction of total immunoreactive PP was 10 +/- 4%, not significantly different from zero, of the 150 +/- 14 ng/min presented to the liver. Fractional hepatic extraction of PP did not change after oral glucose, meat ingestion, or intraportal glucose infusion. Chromatographic analysis showed at least four different components of immunoreactive PP. The first peak eluted with the void volume, the second peak between the void volume and authentic PP, and the third peak coincided with authentic PP. When present, the fourth peak eluted after authentic PP. More than half of the immunoreactive PP in the basal state eluted with authentic PP, whereas about one-third was found in the second peak. The marked alterations in PP after meat, oral glucose, or intraportal glucose and atropine reflected primarily changes in the third peak. The fractional hepatic extraction of all the components was very similar. PMID- 6624909 TI - Absence of Cl- -OH- or Cl- -HCO3- exchange in the rabbit renal proximal tubule. AB - Coupled entry of Na+ and Cl- into the cell may mediate salt and water absorption by the renal proximal tubule. Other leaky epithelia have been shown to have parallel luminal Na+-H+ and Cl- -OH- exchangers that can serve in concert as a major pathway for NaCl absorption. Experiments were designed to test whether Cl- OH- or Cl- -HCO3- exchange occurs in the isolated perfused rabbit proximal convoluted tubule and thereby whether neutral transcellular NaCl absorption could be a possible mode of active transport in this segment. The studies described here make use of a lumen-to-cell gradient for Cl- to drive OH- from cell to lumen, causing an increase in the rate of H+ disappearance from the luminal fluid. Superficial proximal convoluted tubules were perfused in vitro with acidic solutions (pH 6) that were generally free of organic solutes. The bathing solution contained organics, colloid, and less than 10% of perfusate H+ concentration. H+ disappearance was calculated from the difference in pH between perfused and collected fluid, flow rate, and buffer capacity of the perfusate. The removal of Na+ from perfusate and bath reduced H+ efflux to 68% of control, a smaller effect than that noted previously in the presence of organic solutes. When Na+-containing solutions were used, bilateral replacement of Cl- by NO3-, isethionate, or SO2-(4) failed to reduce H+ efflux, but rather resulted in a 11% increase in H+ flux.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6624911 TI - Effects of calcitonin on the renal concentrating mechanism. AB - The effects of salmon calcitonin on the renal concentrating mechanism were investigated in homozygous DI Brattleboro rats. The levels of peptide hormones believed to produce the same physiological responses as antidiuretic hormone on the thick ascending limb (glucagon, parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin) and the cortical collecting ducts (calcitonin) were reduced by acute thyroparathyroidectomy and somatostatin administration. In these hormone-deprived animals, the corticomedullary concentration gradient was almost abolished; the (F/P)osmol at the tip of the juxtamedullary nephrons was 1.19 +/- 0.05. Calcitonin administration restored the gradient [(F/P)osmol = 1.85 +/- 0.14] and simultaneously absolute and fractional water excretion fell significantly despite the concomitant rise in the glomerular filtration rate. It is concluded that 1) in the hormone-deprived animal, calcitonin administration consistently enhances the corticomedullary concentration gradient, and 2) the effects of hormone deprivation and calcitonin administration on the urinary concentrating mechanism are compatible with direct stimulation by calcitonin of electrolyte reabsorption along the thick ascending limb and/or of the water permeability of the cortical collecting ducts. PMID- 6624910 TI - Transepithelial voltage changes during prostatic secretion in the dog. AB - To define the nature of Na+, K+, and Cl- secretion by the dog prostate, the electrical potential difference between fluid in the prostatic urethra and venous blood was recorded during secretion provoked in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs by electrically stimulating the hypogastric nerves or by administering pilocarpine intravenously. The resultant prostatic fluid samples as well as plasma samples taken before and/or after secretion were analyzed for these electrolytes. During secretion provoked by either means the transepithelial electrical potential difference, which was essentially zero at rest, became lumen negative, the maximum change (which was related to gland size) being about 4 mV. The time courses of both the potential change and the secretion of fluid were very similar. The Na+ concentration in both nerve- and pilocarpine-induced prostatic fluid was equal to that in plasma, whereas the K+ and Cl- concentrations were higher than in plasma. It is concluded that Na+ may move passively from plasma into prostatic fluid, perhaps via the paracellular route, but the movement of K+ and Cl- probably involves active transcellular transport. PMID- 6624913 TI - Renal tubular calcium transport: effects of changes in filtered calcium load. AB - Micropuncture experiments were performed in thyroparathyroidectomized dogs to examine the influence of changes in filtered calcium load on segmental tubular calcium reabsorption. Filtered calcium load was changed either by reducing glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by aortic clamping (group I) or by progressive calcium infusion (group II) to increase plasma ultrafilterable calcium concentration (UFCa). The results suggest that fractional proximal calcium reabsorption responds similarly to altered filtered load, whether produced by changes in GFR or UFCa. In contrast, fractional reabsorption by the loop segment is progressively reduced as UFCa is increased but is relatively unchanged by alterations in filtered load secondary to altered GFR. These data indicate a specific parathyroid hormone-independent reciprocal effect of UFCa on calcium reabsorption in the loop segment, which may be an important determinant of urinary calcium excretion. PMID- 6624912 TI - Aldosterone response in the turtle bladder is associated with an increase in ATP. AB - Urinary bladders from freshwater turtles, mounted as sacs, were stripped of their serosa and submucosa. This did not alter conductance. They were maintained in open circuit except for brief observation of short-circuit current (SCC) every 15 min. Potential difference (PD) averaged 68 +/- 14 mV and SCC 485 +/- 100 microA. Acetazolamide 10(-3) M increased SCC by 46 +/- 27 microA. Aldosterone 10(-7) M following acetazolamide resulted in a rise in SCC that began at about 75 min and reached a plateau between 3 and 5 h. SCC rose 127 +/- 15% compared with control bladder halves. ATP measured in perchloric acid extracts 5 h after addition of aldosterone increased by 33% (P less than 0.01) and (ATP)/(ADP) X (Pi) by 81% (P less than 0.01). These results support the view that the stimulatory effects of aldosterone on active sodium transport involve an increase in ATP and (ATP)/(ADP) X (Pi). PMID- 6624914 TI - Contraction-related, low-frequency components in canine electrogastrographic signals. AB - Interdigestive gastric contraction-related phenomena were studied in four healthy conscious dogs by running-spectrum analysis of signals derived from the abdominal surface. When groups of contractions occur irregularly spaced in time, low frequencies (in the range below 0.085 Hz) show up in the power spectra of the electrogastrograms. It has been hypothesized that prolonged electrical control activity (ECA) intervals shown to coincide with irregular contractions are related in some way to these low frequencies. This hypothesis was investigated in detail. Whereas a certain degree of correlation was demonstrated between ECA interval variations, contractile activity, and the presence of low frequencies in the spectra obtained from electrogastrograms recorded during interdigestive migrating complexes, a more pronounced correlation between these phenomena was found during "minute rhythms." It was concluded that the presence of lower frequencies ranging from the normal gastric one to about 0.01 Hz in the running spectrum representation of electrogastrograms recorded in fasting dogs is indicative of strong antral contractions and that the mechanism through which this is brought about involves prolongation of ECA intervals associated with these contractions. PMID- 6624915 TI - Effect of motilin on the opossum upper gastrointestinal tract and sphincter of Oddi. AB - We studied the effect of motilin on myoelectric activity of the sphincter of Oddi (SO) and upper gastrointestinal tract in conscious opposums. In 17 animals, bipolar electrodes were implanted on the gastric antrum, SO, duodenum, and jejunum. Subsequent 8-h recordings reconfirmed our previous findings that SO spike burst rate changed with interdigestive cycles of the gastrointestinal migrating myoelectric complex (MMC), becoming maximal during passage of phase III activity through the duodenum. In eight animals, peak motilin levels were shown to occur concurrently with maximal SO spike burst rate and MMC phase III activity in the duodenum. Motilin infusion (0.3 and 0.9 micrograms X kg-1 X h-1), given for 30-60 min starting 10 min after duodenal phase III, elicited premature MMC activity that originated in the stomach. Maximal SO activity occurred coincident with passage of premature phase III activity through the duodenum. Pulse intravenous doses of motilin (25-1,600 ng/kg) generally caused an immediate increase in spike burst activity in the gastric antrum, duodenum, and SO that lasted 3-5 min and was often followed by a premature MMC, usually starting in the antrum and progressing through the duodenum and jejunum. Increases in SO spike burst rate also occurred concurrent with motilin-induced, premature duodenal phase III. Motilin given at 5-60% of the duodenal MMC cycle length elicited premature MMCs at 10-60% of the cycle, but no premature MMCs were elicited by any of the motilin doses at the 5% intervals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6624916 TI - Electrical basis of contractions in the muscle layers of the pig colon. AB - Simultaneous in vitro measurements of electrical and mechanical activities were performed, using suction electrodes and force transducers, respectively, on longitudinal and circular muscle layers of the pig proximal colon. In addition, circular muscle strips were studied with the sucrose gap technique. Spontaneous activity was present in both preparations. In the circular muscle, slow waves with superimposed spikes occurred at a variable frequency, accompanied by phasic contractions. Longitudinal muscle preparations showed a different behavior. Regular appearance of distinct slow waves as described for the circular muscle did not occur. Instead, periods of membrane potential oscillations at a frequency of 41 cycles/min and a duration of approximately 12 s were observed in this layer. Most oscillations had superimposed spikes, and each period of oscillations was associated with a contraction. Spontaneous activity in the circular layer was myogenic in nature but susceptible to innervation and stretch. In contrast, an excitatory stimulus (acetylcholine or stretch) was a prerequisite for activity in the longitudinal layer. Cholinomimetics increased and adrenergic agents decreased the frequency of the slow waves and spiking activity and frequency and force of contractions in the circular muscle. Cholinergic agents increased the activity in the longitudinal muscle into continuous electrical oscillations with spiking activity and concomitant tonic contractile activity, whereas adrenergic agents abolished electrical and mechanical activity. Spontaneous release of acetylcholine occurred, partly due to regenerative activity of myenteric cholinergic nerves. In addition, tonic activity in the noncholinergic nonadrenergic inhibitory neurons decreased circular muscle tone. PMID- 6624917 TI - A transcellular route for Na-coupled Cl transport in secreting pancreatic acinar cells. AB - Ion-selective microelectrodes were employed to determine the electrochemical driving forces involved in the transepithelial transport of Na+ and Cl- during acetylcholine (ACh) stimulation of pancreatic acinar cells. In HCO-3-free Ringer solution, the mean values of intracellular Cl and Na activities (aiCl and aiNa) were 68.9 +/- 1.1 and 8.3 +/- 0.3 mM, respectively. The mean value of aiCl is above the calculated equilibrium value, indicating that Cl entry into the cell is an energy-requiring process. Continuous measurement of intracellular electrode potentials during stimulation of the cells with concentrations of ACh ranging from 10(-7) to 10(-5) M demonstrated the neurotransmitter's influence on transmembrane Na+ and Cl- movement in secreting cells. The mean values of the induced changes in aiCl and aiNa at every concentration of ACh measured were not significantly different (P greater than 0.5), although the mean changes in either aiNa or aiCl determined with every decade change in ACh concentration were significant (P less than 0.05). The transmembrane Na+ electrochemical gradient dissipated with the induced increases in aiCl. These results suggest that, during stimulus-secretion coupling of pancreatic acinar cells, there is a transcellular route for NaCl secretion, and the energy for NaCl entry into the cell may be derived from the Na+ electrochemical gradient that exists across the basolateral epithelial membrane. They also suggest that the ACh-induced changes in ionic permeability of the plasma membrane may be the coupling mechanism by which the simultaneous events enzyme release and electrolyte secretion are controlled in stimulated cells. PMID- 6624918 TI - Sodium and chloride transport across rabbit ileal brush border. I. Evidence for Na-H exchange. AB - A series of experiments were performed to demonstrate the presence of and characterize the Na-H exchanger on rabbit ileal brush border with a vesicle preparation. An outwardly directed proton gradient (pH 5.5 inside, pH 7.5 outside) stimulated Na uptake, and a fourfold "overshoot" was observed. Conversely, an inwardly directed proton gradient (pH 7.5 inside, pH 5.5 outside) inhibited Na uptake. This stimulation/inhibition of Na uptake could not be accounted for by a proton diffusion potential, because Na uptake was found to be potential insensitive. Amiloride and harmaline inhibited pH-stimulated Na uptake, but other transport inhibitors (acetazolamide, DIDS, SITS, furosemide, and bumetanide) had no effect. Amiloride also inhibited Na efflux in the presence and absence of a pH gradient. Proton gradient-stimulated Na uptake was saturable with a Km of 16.2 mM and a Vmax of 129 nmol X min-1 X mg protein-1. Tetramethylammonium did not affect pH-stimulated Na uptake, but other cations tested inhibited Na uptake, with NH4+ and Li+ causing greater inhibition than K+ or Cs+. Using the fluorescent probe acridine orange, an inwardly directed Na gradient was shown to stimulate proton efflux from the vesicles and an outwardly directed Na gradient stimulated proton influx. PMID- 6624919 TI - Response of rat jejunum to angiotensin III: pharmacology and mechanism of action. AB - At low doses angiotensin III (A III) stimulates jejunal fluid absorption in the pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized rat. In contrast, at high doses the hormone inhibits absorption and/or stimulates secretory processes. The stimulation of jejunal absorption in response to A III can be blocked by guanethidine, phentolamine, and prazosin but not by propranolol or yohimbine, suggesting that A III-increased intestinal absorption is secondary to the release of norepinephrine from sympathetic nerves in the jejunum and activation of postsynaptic alpha 1 adrenergic receptors. The A III inhibition of water absorption is not affected by adrenergic antagonists but can be reversed to a net stimulation of transfer after pretreatment of the animals with indomethacin. This suggests that at high doses A III stimulates intestinal prostaglandin biosynthesis. The A III analogue [Ile7]A III is devoid of agonist activity over a wide dose range and behaves as a potent antagonist of both the stimulatory and the inhibitory effects of the parent peptide on jejunal absorption. [Ile7]A III will be a useful tool for investigating the physiological role of angiotensin peptides in the control of intestinal absorption. PMID- 6624920 TI - Prostaglandins and alkaline secretion from oxyntic, antral, and duodenal mucosa of the dog. AB - Alkaline secretion (AS) measured under basal conditions in oxyntic and antral pouches of conscious dogs averaged about 20 mumol/30 min and was about three times lower than that from the duodenal pouch. Natural prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2 alpha, but not prostaglandin I2, were effective stimulants of AS, mainly when given topically. Stable analogues such as 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin I2 were relatively more potent stimulants than their parent prostaglandins (PGs), particularly when applied topically. The highest alkaline response of the oxyntic pouch to PG was about 5% of the maximal acid response of this pouch to histamine. Indomethacin reduced markedly AS from the duodenal but not from the oxyntic or antral pouch. AS from the duodenal pouch was relatively more sensitive than that from gastric pouches to the stimulation by PGs, which were effective also after pretreatment with indomethacin. This study shows that the oxyntic, antral, and duodenal mucosa of conscious dogs is capable of secreting bicarbonate, and this secretion, particularly from the duodenal mucosa, is highly sensitive to the stimulation with certain PGs, mainly of the E and F type and their analogues, and to suppression by indomethacin, a potent inhibitor of PG biosynthesis, suggesting that endogenous PGs are involved in the mechanism of AS. PMID- 6624921 TI - Effect of rabbit antimotilin serum on myoelectric activity and plasma motilin concentration in fasting dog. AB - It is known that a cyclic increase in plasma motilin concentration occurs during the interdigestive state of dog and the increase coincides with migrating myoelectric complexes (MMCs) of the antrum as well as proximal duodenum. The purpose of the present study is to determine the role of endogenous motilin in the occurrence of MMCs in 10 dogs prepared with a gastric cannula and platinum monopolar electrodes in the gastric antrum, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. After recording at least two consecutive cycles of MMCs from the proximal duodenum, each dog received an intravenous infusion of highly specific rabbit antimotilin sera in varying doses ranging from 3.5 to 15 ml for a period of 60 or 90 min. During the motility recording period ranging from 6 to 30 h following the administration of the antimotilin serum, several changes in the motility were observed. 1) The occurrence of MMCs in the antrum, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum was temporarily interrupted for varying periods depending on the individual dog studied and the amount of antiserum administered. When the higher dose of antimotilin was administered, a more profound and prolonged inhibition occurred. 2) Phase I activity rarely occurred. Instead, a phase II-like activity continued throughout the recording period. 3) MMCs in the jejunum or ileum occurred at irregular intervals without aboral propagation of MMCs from the duodenum or jejunum. 4) The plasma motilin concentration decreased to levels lower than that observed during phase I of the duodenum and exhibited no cyclic increase until the MMCs reappeared in the proximal duodenum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6624922 TI - Methylprednisolone increases absorptive capacity of rabbit ileum in vitro. AB - The effect of glucocorticoids on intestinal ion transport was studied in ileum in vitro from control and methylprednisolone (MP)-treated (40 mg im for 2 days) rabbits under the following conditions: a) basal rates of Na and Cl transport, b) the response to an individual absorptive stimulus (alanine, glucose, or epinephrine), and c) the response to a combination of the three absorptive stimuli. The results indicate that MP 1) increases basal absorption of Na and Cl and secretion of bicarbonate (as measured by residual ion flux), 2) does not alter the specific transport pathways stimulated by maximal doses of alanine, glucose, or epinephrine, but 3) significantly increases the absorptive capacity of ileum. After addition of combined alanine, glucose, and epinephrine, MP treated ileum absorbed 15.8 mueq X cm-2 X h-1 Na (vs. 6.6 in controls, P less than 0.001) and 9.5 mueq X cm-2 X h-1 Cl (vs. 4.1 in controls, P less than 0.005). Additionally MP did not alter the Na dependence of either the short circuit current or Cl absorption found in controls, although there appears to be a portion of residual ion flux insensitive to epinephrine inhibition. These data suggest that the MP-induced increase in absorptive capacity is due to an increase in a postapical transport step, most probably the Na pump. PMID- 6624923 TI - Neurohumoral control of colonic motility in the rabbit. AB - Colonic motility was examined in the proximal (taeniated) and distal (nontaeniated) colon of New Zealand White rabbits. Colonic myoelectric and contractile activities were recorded by bipolar electrodes and extraluminal strain gauges sewn on the antimesenteric serosal surface of the proximal and distal colon. Slow-wave frequency consistently was slower in the proximal colon (13.2 +/- 0.9) compared with the distal colon (15.8 +/- 1.2) (P less than 0.05). During the control period 81.8 +/- 5.2% of slow waves have superimposed spike potentials in the proximal colon. The distal colon had similar amounts of spike activity. The distal colon had increased base-line contractility (P less than 0.02). Atropine inhibited spike and contractile activity on both sides of the colon, but the distal colon still had more contractile activity than the proximal colon (P less than 0.02). The alpha-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine and antagonist phentolamine had no effect on colonic motility. Isoproterenol inhibited colonic smooth muscle spike and contractile activity. This effect was blocked by propranolol. Administration of trimethaphan camsylate caused an increase in spike and contractile activity only in the distal colon. The effect of trimethaphan on the distal colon was inhibited by atropine. These studies show that 1) tonic cholinergic stimulation exists both in the proximal and in the distal colon, 2) circulating catecholamines have minimal effect on base-line colonic motility, and 3) tonic nonadrenergic inhibition of the distal colon modulates the tonic cholinergic stimulation. PMID- 6624925 TI - Allometric relations of cardiovascular function in birds. AB - The avian cardiovascular system is interesting because birds have larger hearts and lower heart rates than mammals of the same size. This study defines how cardiovascular function is related to body size in nine species of birds encompassing a 1,000-fold size range. Heart mass (HM, g) was related to body mass (M, kg) by the following equation: HM = 8.76 M0.92, and the heart rate (HR, beats X min-1) to body mass by HR = 178.5 M-0.282. Cardiac output (Q, ml X min-1) was related to body mass as Q = 290.7 M0.69. Birds also had a greater cardiac output for a given body mass than mammals. Cardiac output was directly proportional to the rate of O2 consumption (VO2, ml X min-1): Q = 17.5 VO2(1.04), with birds having a greater cardiac output for a given VO2 than mammals. (Variables are considered directly proportional if the exponent does not differ significantly from one). As in mammals, stroke volume (SV, ml) was also directly proportional to body mass: SV = 1.72 M0.97, but for a given body size stroke volume was larger in birds than in mammals. However, as bird hearts are disproportionately large in comparison with body size, when stroke volume is expressed per gram of heart (SV = 0.177 HM1.05) birds have a significantly lower stroke volume-to-heart weight ratio than mammals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6624924 TI - Modification of lymph during passage through the lymph node: effect of histamine. AB - The possibility that histamine may cause the fluid and protein content of lymph to be altered during passage through the lymph node was evaluated using the canine perfused popliteal lymph node preparation. This preparation enables nodal perfusion via an afferent lymphatic (all other afferents are ligated) with artificial lymph of known composition and collection of the total efferent effluent for analysis of potential changes in volume and composition. In 11 dogs, the node was perfused at an average flow rate of 0.229 ml/min with artificial lymph containing 3.71 g/100 ml albumin. Under base-line conditions, there was no significant modification of the lymph as it passed through the node. The addition of histamine to the infusate (2-4 micrograms base/ml) caused the efferent lymph flow to increase to 0.295 ml/min (35.3% increases, P less than 0.05), the efferent protein concentration to increase to 4.32 g/100 ml (15.2% increases, P less than 0.05), and the efferent protein flux to increase from 8.40 to 12.86 mg/min (58.0% increases, P less than 0.05). The appearance of Evans blue dye tagged protein and plasma protein fractions, not originally present in the lymph, in the efferent lymph at this time further indicated that the source of the added fluid and protein was the nodal vasculature. Mass balance calculations indicated that the addition of a fluid with a protein concentration of approximately 90% that of plasma to the lymph could account for the observed increases in efferent lymph flow and protein concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6624926 TI - Effect of caval occlusion on the magnitude of unipolar atrial electrograms in dogs. AB - Studies were done on eight mongrel dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium to assess the effects of acute changes in heart volume on the magnitude of electrocardiographic potentials recorded from the right atrium. Following midsternotomy, acute changes in heart volume were produced by occlusion of the superior vena cava (SVC), inferior vena cava (IVC), or both vena cavae while heart rate was controlled by pacing the right atrium. P-wave area, defined by integrating absolute value of the P wave over time, increased by 8.2 +/- 7.4% during SVC occlusion, 13.3 +/- 8.5% during IVC occlusion, and 23.6 +/- 16.2% during occlusion of both vena cavae. Areas of ventricular complexes appearing in atrial electrograms decreased by 6.6 +/- 6.2% during SVC occlusion, 11.1 +/- 6.7% during IVC occlusion, and 15.2 +/- 9.2% during occlusion of both vena cavae. These results are compatible with predominately tangential activation of the atrium and radial excitation of the ventricle and provide experimental confirmation of the "Brody effect." PMID- 6624927 TI - Secondary AV conduction responses during tonic vagal stimulation. AB - We gave trains of supramaximal stimuli at frequencies of 2, 4, or 8 Hz to both vagi of anesthetized, open-chest dogs and studied the AV conduction and atrial contractility responses while the atria were paced at different frequencies. The vagal stimulation quickly induced a maximum negative inotropic effect on the atrium. This "initial" response was followed by a "secondary" fading back toward the control level. The negative dromotropic responses to vagal stimulation also rapidly reached an initial value. When this initial response was large, there was then a secondary, relatively rapid fading back toward control. However, when the initial dromotropic response was small, the secondary response instead consisted of a gradual increase in conduction time. At intermediate levels of the initial dromotropic response, there was no appreciable secondary change in AV response. We hypothesize that two opposing mechanisms account for the variable secondary changes in AV conduction time and that the stimulus intensity determines which mechanism will be prepotent. The mechanism responsible for the secondary decline appears to be related to that which causes the fade of the inotropic response; muscarinic receptor desensitization probably plays an important role. The secondary augmentation of the dromotropic response may be related either to a slow diffusion of acetylcholine from the surrounding tissue or to a slow cumulative change in AV nodal refractoriness. PMID- 6624928 TI - Differences in K+-induced relaxation of canine femoral and renal arteries. AB - The extent and initial rate of potassium-induced relaxation of canine femoral and renal arteries were measured as a function of potassium concentration [K+]. Both parameters were greater in the renal artery at low [K+]; the dissociation constant for potassium of the femoral artery was greater than that of the renal artery. If potassium-induced relaxation reflects sodium pump activity, then these data indicate that the sodium pumps of the two arteries are different. When we repeated the above experiments in a lowered sodium medium, the rate and extent of potassium-induced relaxation and the apparent affinity for potassium increased in the femoral artery as predicted by kinetic models based on both isolated Na+-K+ ATPase and intact tissue. The same parameters in the renal artery, however, were unaffected by lowered sodium. These results and those presented in the companion paper [Am. J. Physiol. 245 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 14): H604-H609, 1983] can be interpreted to mean that potassium-induced relaxation does not accurately reflect sodium pump function in canine renal arteries. PMID- 6624929 TI - Onset of relaxation in cardiac muscle segments. AB - The onset of relaxation has been studied in undamaged central segments of isolated ferret papillary muscles at 27 degrees C, 12 beats/min. A technique that provides a signal proportional to the length of a chosen segment was used to assess segment velocity and length. Feedback control was employed to obtain segment isometric contractions. At a variety of times during segment isometric twitches, rapid load clamps were imposed using a range of loads from resting force to greater than half peak developed force. For the purposes of this study, the onset of relaxation was defined as occurring when active segment shortening ceased and elongation began (i.e., Vseg = 0). Early load clamps to low loads resulted in V = 0 at comparatively short segment lengths and early times. Later load clamps caused zero velocity to occur at longer segment lengths and later times. The V = 0 points in fact formed a line in the segment length-time plane. Contractions clamped to higher loads exhibited reduced shortening and a prolonged time course so that the V = 0 points showed the same dependence on length and time. Remarkably, all the variations of load-clamp load, time, and initial length yielded V = 0 points that were intermixed along a single line. Increasing or decreasing extracellular Ca2+ caused the V equal to O points to shift to later times and shorter segment lengths or earlier times and longer segment lengths, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6624931 TI - Rabbit aortic medial thickness under relaxed and specified simulated in vivo conditions. AB - A method is presented for measuring the thickness of the intima-media layer of the normal rabbit descending thoracic aortic wall under both relaxed (excised) and specified simulated in vivo conditions. The in vivo conditions were simulated by maintaining the aorta in situ at its normal longitudinal extension while perfusing its lumen at the normal mean arterial pressure with a mixture of liquid silicone polymer and a catalyst, thus providing physiological radial distension. After the rubber cured, both relaxed and extended-distended tissue segments were obtained from adjacent sites on the same aorta. These tissue segments were fixed and further processed for measurement of their medial thicknesses by light microscopy. This data was used to estimate the ratio of the medial thickness of the relaxed, excised aorta to that under in vivo conditions, 1.72 +/- 0.15. This information is required for quantitative analysis of data obtained from previous studies of in vivo macromolecular transport across the rabbit thoracic aortic wall. PMID- 6624932 TI - Avian renal portal valve: a reexamination of its innervation. AB - The renal portal circulation of the avian kidney contains a unique smooth muscle valve that can direct blood flow from the posterior extremities to the central circulation or through the kidney. The neural control of the valve and adjacent venous tissue from Rhode Island Red roosters was characterized by measuring the isometric force developed following transmural nerve stimulation (TNS). During TNS, the valve relaxed while the iliac vein contracted. In the valve, a poststimulus contraction followed the relaxation. Propranolol and guanethidine abolished the TNS-induced relaxation of the valve, leaving a contraction that was increased by physostigmine and partially blocked by atropine or prazosin. In contrast, the TNS-induced contraction of the vein was blocked by guanethidine or prazosin. Measurement of choline acetyltransferase activity and norepinephrine content confirms that the valve is densely innervated with both cholinergic and adrenergic nerves. Thus the vein shows a predominantly adrenergic contractile response typical of most vascular smooth muscle, but the valve demonstrates a dual control, i.e., adrenergic nerves producing relaxation and cholinergic nerves causing contraction. Knowledge of the nature of neuronal control of the valve should aid in the design of experiments to determine its functional role. PMID- 6624930 TI - Modification of lymph by lymph nodes. II. Effect of increased lymph node venous blood pressure. AB - A previous study from this laboratory demonstrated that lymph nodes can change the protein concentration and colloid osmotic pressure of lymph by transfer of protein-free fluid between the blood and lymph compartments. In that study a Starling force disequilibrium across the blood-lymph barrier caused fluid to transfer through the barrier in the direction required to establish equilibrium of Starling forces. In the present study we examined the effect of increased lymph node venous blood pressure on efferent lymph protein concentration and efferent lymph flow. We utilized an isolated dog popliteal lymph node preparation in which afferent lymph having various protein concentrations was perfused into the node at an average flow rate of 19.1 +/- 0.3 (SD) microliter/min. We compared steady-state values of prenodal and postnodal lymph flows and protein concentrations during various steady-state levels of lymph node venous blood pressure. When venous pressure was increased, the protein concentration of the efferent lymph invariably decreased and the efferent flow rate invariably increased. Measurements showed that an average of 96% of the change in lymph protein concentration was caused by transfer of protein-free fluid through the lymph node blood-lymph barrier. The results of this study indicate again that the lymph node functions as a fluid exchange chamber in which fluid is transferred between the blood and lymph compartments in the direction required to establish equilibrium of the Starling forces across the blood-lymph barrier. PMID- 6624933 TI - Release of norepinephrine from sympathetic nerve efferents by bilateral carotid occlusion. AB - To investigate the response of the efferent sympathetic nervous system to carotid sinus hypotension, norepinephrine and epinephrine were measured in the dog during control and following bilateral carotid occlusion in arterial, coronary sinus, renal vein, hepatic vein, femoral vein, and pulmonary artery plasma. Mean arterial pressure increased from 109 mmHg during control to 144 and 143 at 1 and 5 min after carotid occlusion, respectively (P less than 0.01). This was associated with an increase in arterial norepinephrine, which could be prevented by the ganglionic blocking agent mecamylamine. While the concentration of norepinephrine rose in all venous effluents, the venous minus arterial norepinephrine difference increased only in the coronary and renal circulations. The results indicate that bilateral carotid occlusion increases the arterial norepinephrine concentration and the overflow of this neurotransmitter from the heart and kidney. The data thus suggest that norepinephrine release from sympathetic axon terminals in the heart and kidney is increased by carotid sinus hypotension. The magnitude of the increase in sympathetic activity evoked by carotid occlusion may have little effect on renal hemodynamics but may have a significant influence on cardiac contractility and coronary blood flow. PMID- 6624934 TI - Elevated sympathetic response of epicardium proximal to healed myocardial infarction. AB - Sympathetic nerve interaction with cardiac electrophysiology was evaluated in healed myocardial infarction by monitoring the effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation on local epicardial refractoriness in cats. Single-stage distal coronary artery ligation was used to induce myocardial infarction. Regions overlying and surrounding infarcts 3 mo after healing and comparable regions in sham-operated and normal unoperated hearts were studied. Local ventricular muscle refractory periods were measured by the extrastimulus technique from 1) the epicardium overlying the infarct, 2) the area bordering the infarct, and 3) a normal area proximal to the infarct on the anterior free wall of the left ventricle. Bilateral stimulation of the ansa subclavia induced significant and disparate refractory period shortening (P less than or equal to 0.01) in hearts with healed myocardial infarction. Shortening was greatest in the normal area [ 26 +/- 8 (+/-SD) ms], less in the border area (-15 +/- 6), and least in the infarct area (-7 +/- 2). In contrast, refractory periods measured in noninfarcted hearts shortened significantly (P less than or equal to 0.01) but uniformly and to a lesser extent during sympathetic stimulation. We conclude 1) the effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation are more pronounced in the areas proximal to healed infarction than in similar areas of noninfarcted hearts and 2) a marked disparity in sympathetic responsiveness occurs in hearts with healed myocardial infarction. PMID- 6624935 TI - Effects of calcium channel blockers on isolated carotid baroreceptors and baroreflex. AB - Our study determined the effects of the calcium antagonists, nifedipine and verapamil, on the carotid sinus baroreceptors and baroreflex. The left carotid sinus region in dogs was vascularly isolated and filled with oxygenated physiological salt solution. Steady-state multiunit activity was recorded from the carotid sinus nerve for sinus pressures of 50-200 mmHg after bathing the carotid sinus region in a solution containing no drug, 10 micrograms/ml nifedipine (n = 6), or 5 micrograms/ml verapamil (n = 5). The slopes of the curves relating carotid sinus nerve activity (% of maximum control) to carotid sinus pressure were control, 0.81 +/- 0.06; nifedipine, 1.29 +/- 0.14; and verapamil, 0.48 +/- 0.06%/mmHg, indicating that nifedipine increased and verapamil decreased the sensitivity of the carotid sinus baroreceptors. Additional studies with bilateral carotid sinus isolation (carotid sinus nerves intact) indicated that nifedipine enhanced and verapamil attenuated carotid baroreflex control of renal sympathetic nerve activity. Pressure-volume curves generated in the isolated carotid sinus showed that effects on smooth muscle do not account for the opposing effects of the two Ca2+ antagonists. Omitting Ca2+ from the physiological solution resulted in increased carotid sinus nerve activity, an effect blocked by verapamil but not nifedipine. Verapamil, but not nifedipine, inhibited veratrine-induced (Na+-dependent) excitation of carotid baroreceptors. Thus the excitatory effects of nifedipine on the carotid sinus baroreceptors are dependent on Ca2+ mechanisms, whereas the inhibitory effects of verapamil may be due mainly to interference with the inward Na+ current. PMID- 6624936 TI - Angiotensin causes vasoconstriction during hemorrhage in baroreceptor-denervated dogs. AB - The participation of angiotensin II (ANG II) in the maintenance of arterial blood pressure during hypotensive hemorrhage was examined in unanesthetized, baroreceptor-denervated dogs. When mean aortic blood pressure was reduced to 69.0 +/- 2.2 mmHg, plasma renin activity increased from 0.6 +/- 0.3 ng ANG I X ml-1 X h-1 during the prehemorrhage control period to 4.5 +/- 1.6. Twenty minutes after the hemorrhage, mean aortic blood pressure rose to 78.9 +/- 3.1 mmHg. Subsequent infusion of the angiotensin II antagonist saralasin (5.2-14.0 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1) decreased mean aortic pressure to 59.6 +/- 3.3 mmHg. When 5% dextrose was infused in place of saralasin, mean aortic pressure was 79.3 +/- 4.3 mmHg. The lower aortic blood pressure caused by saralasin infusion was the result of a significant decrease in total peripheral resistance. Resistance was 10.3 +/- 3.2 mmHg X l-1 X min lower during saralasin infusion than during dextrose infusion. We conclude that baroreceptor reflexes are not essential for the elevation of plasma renin activity during hemorrhage. In baroreceptor-denervated dogs subjected to hypotensive hemorrhage, the increased formation of ANG II has a vasoconstrictor action that contributes to the maintenance of arterial blood pressure. PMID- 6624937 TI - Developmental changes in oxygenation and circulatory responses to hypoxemia in lambs. AB - We studied moderate [fractional inspired O2 (FIO2) 0.09] and severe (FIO2 0.06) hypoxemia in 21 lambs (group 1, 1 wk old; group 2, 3-4 wk old; group 3, 5-7 wk). With moderate hypoxemia, all groups increased heart rate, cardiac output, and pulmonary arterial pressure and decreased systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance; cardiac output and pulmonary arterial pressure increases were less in group 1, because of higher resting values. With severe hypoxemia, heart rate increased similarly, cardiac output was unchanged, and aortic pressure fell associated with severe metabolic acidosis or arrhythmias. Regional blood flow changed similarly in all groups; heart and brain flow increased, carcass flow was unchanged, and skin, GI tract, and kidney flow fell. O2 consumption (VO2) and mixed venous PO2 decreased, though O2 saturation was higher in group 1 due to the lower O2 half-saturation pressure of hemoglobin. With a given decreased VO2 there was more metabolic acidosis in older lambs and an increased VO2 after termination of hypoxemia, suggesting greater O2 debt. As in the fetus, young lambs are better able to tolerate a decreased VO2 than older lambs. PMID- 6624938 TI - Prevention of two-kidney, one-clip renal hypertension in rat by ablation of AV3V tissue. AB - This study examined the role of the anteroventral third ventricle (AV3V) in the renin-dependent two-kidney, one-clip model of renal hypertension. AV3V lesion and sham lesion rats were subjected to the placement of a clip on one renal artery or a sham operation. The sham lesion-renal artery clip rats experienced an increase in systolic blood pressure; however, AV3V lesioned animals experienced only a transient rise in arterial pressure during the 1st wk after clip. Body fluid regulation studies during the course of the hypertension revealed that there were no differences in water intake and urine volume between the lesion- and sham lesion-renal artery clip animals. Although significantly greater plasma and blood volumes were demonstrated in the AV3V lesion-sham clip rats compared with sham lesion animals, no differences in vascular volumes were detected in the renal artery clip rats. Finally, the rats were water deprived for 3 days to maximally stimulate vasopressin release. Urine osmolality increased significantly in all groups of rats except the AV3V lesion-renal artery clip animals protected against the hypertension. PMID- 6624939 TI - Thermodilution method overestimates low cardiac output in humans. AB - We compared 57 cardiac output measurements by the thermodilution and Fick methods in 26 patients and found that thermodilution values were higher in all 16 cases in which Fick outputs were less than 3.5 l/min. In 10 cases where Fick values were less than or equal to 2.5 l/min, thermodilution and Fick measurements differed by an average of 35%. When combined with the results of previous studies comparing the thermodilution, dye dilution, and Fick techniques, these findings suggest that the thermodilution method overestimates true cardiac output in the low output range. This overestimation probably is due to heat loss under conditions of low flow. Because the thermodilution method is used widely in patients with low output states, these findings have potentially important clinical implications. PMID- 6624940 TI - In vivo esterification of a synthetic 125I-labeled fatty acid into cardiac glycerolipids. AB - Recent studies have demonstrated that fatty acids can be successfully utilized as myocardial imaging agents. 125I-paraphenylpentadecanoic acid (IPPA), a synthetic fatty acid, accumulates within the myocardium and can be visualized by conventional gamma scintigraphy. To determine if IPPA was incorporated into cardiac lipids in a pattern similar to palmitate, IPPA was purified by liquid chromatography, bound to fat-free albumin, and administered by intravenous injection to male Sprague-Dawley rats. After 2.5, 5, 10, and 30 min, the hearts were excised and the lipids were extracted in chloroform-methanol. The uptake of IPPA into the myocardium reached a maximal value after 2.5 min, and 95% of the 125I was found in the cardiac lipid fraction after chromatographic separation. Over 65% of the IPPA was found in cardiac triglycerides, whereas approximately 10% was present in membrane phospholipids (predominantly phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine). This pattern of IPPA incorporation is similar to that reported for intravenously administered [3H]palmitate. The rate of turnover of IPPA present in the triglyceride fraction was threefold faster than the rate of the IPPA which was incorporated into membrane lipids. At all time periods examined, the methanol-water soluble end products of IPPA oxidation did not account for more than 5% of the total IPPA present within the myocardium. The present study indicates that IPPA is incorporated primarily into triglycerides and other cardiac lipids in a pattern similar to palmitate. PMID- 6624941 TI - Both protein and blood cells reduce coronary microvascular permeability to macromolecules. AB - A number of studies report that isolated Krebs-perfused hearts deteriorate with time, develop edema, and demonstrate a progressive increase in coronary vascular resistance. However, hearts perfused with filtered blood are more stable with regard to cardiac function and coronary resistance. The changes observed in the Krebs hearts may be due to a "permeability"-type edema. The purpose of this study was to systematically determine whether adding protein and blood cells to a Krebs perfusate affected coronary microvascular permeability to macromolecules. The rat heart preparation employed allowed direct visualization and quantification of transcoronary macromolecular leakage. We observed severe transcoronary leakage of fluorescent albumin (FITC-BSA) when FITC-BSA was later added after 20 min of perfusion with Krebs. Leakage was decreased by including 2 g/100 ml albumin (BSA) in the initial perfusate but was not further reduced by increasing the BSA concentration to 5 g/100 ml. However, adding washed blood cells to the initial perfusate did further reduce FITC-BSA leakage. The index of FITC-BSA exchange, the O/I ratio, was 0.70 +/- 0.02 (+/- SE) for Krebs perfusate, 0.55 +/- 0.03 for Krebs-BSA, and 0.45 +/- 0.02 for Krebs-BSA-blood cells, indicating significant effects for both protein and blood cells (P less than 0.05). The results suggest that both protein and blood cells are necessary to maintain the semipermeable characteristics of the coronary exchange vessels. PMID- 6624943 TI - Nonlinearities in brain function. Papers presented at a symposium, Santa Ynez, California, March 1-5, 1982. PMID- 6624944 TI - A mathematics for physiology. AB - Nonlinear dynamics gives us a language within which to express the basic concepts of physiology. Form, qualitative change, oscillation, stability, and other biologically important notions find natural expressions in this new mathematical approach. An introduction to qualitative dynamics is sketched, its relevance to physiology is argued, and several examples of its usefulness in providing models and metaphors for describing brain activity are offered. PMID- 6624942 TI - Plasma-soluble marker for intraorgan regional flows. AB - Measurement of regional plasma flow is needed to quantitate the delivery of substrates and drugs to cells. For estimating regional plasma flows an ideal deposition marker should be 100% extracted during transorgan passage and retained until local tissue concentrations can be measured. To escape quickly, the tracer must penetrate capillary endothelial cells rapidly. To be retained, it must bind or be transformed or accumulated by cells. Desmethylimipramine (DMI, mol wt 266.3), a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is suitable. On injection of [3H]DMI and 131I-albumin simultaneously into the coronary artery inflow of isolated Ringer-perfused rabbit hearts at 37 degrees C, extractions were greater than 99% at plasma flows (Fs) up to 2.3 ml X g-1 X min-1 and greater than 94% with Fs up to 5.1. Retention at Fs less than 2.3 averaged 99.0 +/- 0.55% (SD, n = 6) at 0.5 min, 98.4 +/- 0.5% at 1 min, and 96.6 +/- 1.1% or greater than 95% at 3 min. Retentions were similar in two dog hearts in situ. With Fs greater than 3 ml X g 1 X min-1, there was greater escape, 4.2 +/- 2.7% at 1 min and 6.8 +/- 4.2% at 3 min. The fractional escape rates of loss at 2 min or more were about 1%/min at all flows, suggesting that the spatial profiles of deposition did not change thereafter. Thus DMI is nearly ideal as a "molecular microsphere." PMID- 6624946 TI - Impact of a circadian clock on the timing of human sleep. AB - This paper redescribes some recordings of human sleep and waking made in several laboratories during the past decade under conditions of temporal isolation. Since 1972 it has been noticed that sleep duration depends mainly on the timing of prior sleep onset relative to a rhythm of 24- to 25-h duration. The present paper emphasizes four additional points: 1) that the dependence sometimes includes a remarkable discontinuity, 2) that such dependence is characteristic of a rhythmically modulated threshold process; 3) that the rhythm's period gradually changes in some experiments; and 4) that no comparable regularity has been detected in the timing of sleep onset. This last impugns the reliability of models that treat sleep onset and wake onset as complementary but comparable processes. PMID- 6624945 TI - From intermittency to transitivity in neuropsychobiological flows. AB - Nonlinear dynamics offers a language for describing many aspects of brain function. Intermittency, alternating periods of periodic and chaotic behavior, and transitivity, the indecomposability of a flow, are discussed here in detail. Applications are suggested to neuropsychobiological phenomena, such as the effects of drugs and other agents. PMID- 6624947 TI - Lateralization of function in rats. AB - Research findings during the past several years have shown that the rat's brain is lateralized for a number of behavioral functions. Neurochemical and anatomical asymmetries have also been found and, in some instances, have been associated with the behavioral asymmetries. It has also been found that extra stimulation in early life can enhance existing asymmetries or can induce asymmetries where none previously existed. PMID- 6624948 TI - Toward a physical approach to integrative physiology. I. Brain dynamics and physical causality. AB - This report treats the fundamental question raised by Yates [Am. J. Physiol. 238 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 7): R277-R290, 1980.]: "Why should neuroscience look to physics for its theories?" This is the viewpoint of an experimentalist who needs a physical approach to brain theories to interpret the results of physically oriented experiments on electroencephalogram and evoked potentials. The fundamental physical theories are briefly outlined; the phenomena of enhancement of brain potentials, frequency stabilization effects, and phase resetting phenomena of populations of neurons in the brain are explained. The results of experiments are interpreted in the light of a variety of physical theories: coupled oscillators, induced magnetization, laser physics, and synergetics. Further, analogies with nonlinear mechanics, theory of dissipative structures, and the S-matrix formalism of quantum mechanics are provided to predict the brain's excitability. The homeokinetic approach of Iberall, the electromagnetic theory of Adey, and the quantumlike theories of Walter are discussed. It is concluded that brain scientists need an ensemble of physical approaches and concepts to understand various brain mechanisms. PMID- 6624949 TI - Transient solutions of equations for countercurrent capillary exchange. AB - A model for passive countercurrent capillary exchange is presented, and solutions for transient responses are obtained. The model is applied to an analysis of hydrogen gas exchange in the renal medulla. Estimates of medullary flow per gram tissue are in reasonable agreement with estimates obtained with vascular tracers and similar to the values for whole kidney. Semilog plots of tissue washout curves appear nearly linear but will overestimate flow if the countercurrent process is inefficient and will underestimate flow if the countercurrent exchange is efficient. Analysis of the countercurrent process also provides some insights into the importance of tracer exchange between capillaries in vascular beds not arranged in orderly countercurrent networks. Capillaries in other vascular beds that are close enough together to permit considerable exchange of inert gas tracers may simulate countercurrent effects if some of the adjacent capillaries are in countercurrent or staggered cocurrent arrangements. PMID- 6624950 TI - Vasopressin in blood and third ventricle CSF of dogs in chronic experiments. AB - A device for chronic implantation was developed that allowed sampling of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the anterior part of the third cerebral ventricle (A3V) of dogs in repeated experiments for up to 4 mo. Osmolalities, electrolyte concentrations, and concentrations of arginine vasopressin (AVP) measured with a radioimmunoassay were determined in repeated experiments on the chronically prepared animals under conditions of normal hydration, both in the conscious state and during inhalation anesthesia. In conscious dogs, AVP concentrations in plasma and CSF were 3.3 +/- 0.4 and 21.8 +/- 2.5 pg X ml-1, respectively. During anesthesia without surgical interference, the AVP concentrations in plasma and CSF were increased twofold above the levels obtained in conscious dogs. During the time of observation (180 min) all measured parameters remained constant. The AVP concentrations in plasma and CSF samples collected during the surgical procedure of device implantation were about 10-fold higher than in the samples collected during the conscious state. Thus, in each experimental condition, AVP concentration in the CSF collected from the A3V was consistently higher than that in the simultaneously collected blood samples. PMID- 6624951 TI - Vasopressin in blood and third ventricle CSF during dehydration, thirst, and hemorrhage. AB - Samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were collected from the anterior part of the third cerebral ventricle of mongrel dogs with a chronically implanted device. Repeated experiments with simultaneous sampling of CSF and venous blood in 60- to 90-min intervals were performed in conscious dogs after 24-h water deprivation and during subsequent rehydration by drinking, during thirst stimulation by intravenous infusion of 5% saline, and during blood removal (12 ml X kg body wt 1). The CSF and plasma samples were analyzed for osmolality and arginine vasopressin (AVP) with a radioimmunoassay. Compared with normally hydrated dogs, 24-h water deprivation caused plasma AVP to rise significantly from 2.5 to 7.7 pg X ml-1 and CSF AVP from 24.2 to 31.3 pg X ml-1. Subsequent drinking significantly reduced plasma and CSF AVP. Thirst stimulation by hypertonic infusions was associated with rises of plasma and CSF AVP. Modest reduction of blood volume also increased both plasma and CSF AVP. Plasma AVP in each of the described physiological disturbances of salt or fluid balance was positively correlated with CSF AVP. PMID- 6624952 TI - Kinetics of endogenously labeled plasma fibronectin: incorporation into tissues. AB - Fibronectin exists in a soluble form in plasma and lymph as well as in a relatively insoluble form in tissues. The disappearance of endogenously labeled fibronectin from plasma and its subsequent extravascular localization was studied over a 38-h period in normal rats (350-400 g) utilizing plasma fibronectin labeled in vivo with 75Se-selenomethionine. For comparative analysis, 125I albumin was utilized in these dual isotopic experiments. After the simultaneous injection of 75Se plasma fibronectin (20 nCi) and 125I-albumin (2 microCi), all measured tissues demonstrated accumulation of both radiolabeled proteins in extravascular sites. Plasma fibronectin demonstrated a rather specific and high affinity for liver and spleen, which are enriched with reticuloendothelial cells. Albumin manifested the expected washout from extravascular sites, whereas fibronectin primarily displayed retention in tissues. The plasma disappearance of 75Se-labeled fibronectin was well described by two exponentials: an early phase with a half time of 0.52 h and a later phase with a half time of 21 h. To account for tissue retention of labeled fibronectin, a two-compartment kinetics model was required that included loss from the extravascular exchangeable compartment. Analysis of the disappearance kinetics and fibronectin distribution allowed estimation of the fractional turnover rate, pool size, and mean residence time. Accordingly the total rate of loss for plasma fibronectin was 0.51-0.54 mg/h. The calculated pool size of the soluble form of fibronectin was 15.5-16.3 mg. The mean residence time for exchangeable fibronectin was 29.6-29.9 h. These findings suggest that plasma fibronectin can be incorporated within the insoluble pool of fibronectin in tissues. PMID- 6624953 TI - Cardiovascular responses to noxious radiant heat in anesthetized cats. AB - The responses of heart rate and blood pressure to noxious radiant heat were studied in seven pentobarbital-anesthetized cats. Afferent activity recorded from the tibial nerve, systemic blood pressure, and heart rate were monitored as skin temperature of the hind footpad was raised to 53 degrees C for 20 s using radiant heat. The averaged tibial afferent nerve activity increased markedly as skin temperature approached 52 degrees C. Within 2-3 s of the onset of increased tibial nerve activity, systolic blood pressure increased an average of 32 mmHg and heart rate increased an average of 16 beats/min in the seven animals that were studied. The results of this study provide evidence for a somatosympathetic reflex that is initiated by cutaneous nociceptors. Under pentobarbital anesthesia, an increase in heart rate and blood pressure appears to be a reliable indicator of nociceptor activation. PMID- 6624954 TI - Renal ammonia excretion and production in goldfish, Carassius auratus, at low environmental pH. AB - Renal ammonia excretion and production were investigated in normal and acidotic goldfish (Carassius auratus). Goldfish were made acidotic by exposure to a low pH environment (pH 4.0), which caused a lowering of blood pH from 7.88 to 7.61. Environmental acidification resulted in an increase in total renal ammonia excretion (from 0.43 to 1.00 mueq X 100 g-1 X h-1) and urinary concentration (from 0.58 to 0.76 mM), as well as a rise in renal titratable acid output (from 0.57 to +0.62 mueq X 100 g-1 X h-1). The acidotic fish showed a rise in urine flow that was due to an increased glomerular filtration rate. In vitro studies demonstrated the capacity for renal ammonia formation from aspartate, alanine, glutamine, glutamate, and glycine. The relatively high level of glutamate in the renal tissue suggested that the generation of ammonia from these amino acids occurs via the formation of glutamate, either by deamidation of glutamine or transdeamination of aspartate and alanine. Both ammonia production by isolated renal tubules and individual enzyme assays in kidney homogenates indicated that aspartate has the greatest potential as a renal ammonia precursor in vitro. The purine nucleotide cycle, investigated with the use of the inhibitor coformycin, does not appear to contribute to ammonia production in the kidney of this species. PMID- 6624955 TI - Characteristics of afferent fiber innervation on acupuncture points zusanli. AB - Acupoint zusanli is one of the most effective points in traditional Chinese medicine. Needling point zusanli has a significant suppressive effect on jaw movement response (JMR) and electromyogram of digastric muscle (dEMG) induced by peroneal nerve stimulation. This effect is weakened or abolished by sectioning the peroneal nerve and blocking A-beta- and some A-delta-fibers in the nerve. When the point zusanli is stimulated electrically a larger-than-normal proportion of A-beta-fibers is activated. Local afferent fiber composition at this point contains more myelinated fibers, more large-sized fibers, and more A-beta-fibers than nonacupoints. This predominance of large afferent fibers in the composition and activity of point zusanli is thought to be one of the fundamental characteristics of the point in regard to its structure and function and contributes to its powerful acupuncture effect. PMID- 6624956 TI - Naturalistic studies of human light exposure. AB - For 24 h, 10 volunteers wore an apparatus that recorded their exposure to light at eye level and at the wrist. Activity was also recorded from the head, both wrists, and an ankle. Most of the subjects were exposed to daylight illumination intensities for only brief and scattered episodes during the 24 h. Some experienced the brightest illumination in the morning and others in the evening. Illuminations at eye level and at the wrist were correlated 0.76, while eye-level illumination was correlated 0.25, 0.44, 0.39, and 0.44 with head, wrists, and ankle activity, respectively. Because human biologic rhythms are probably well synchronized only by illumination approaching daylight intensities, inadequate illumination could be a source of sleep disturbance, chronobiologic disorders, or depression. PMID- 6624957 TI - Treatment of divorcing fathers: social and psychotherapeutic considerations. AB - The author summarizes the psychotherapeutic issues most frequently encountered in his crisis treatment of 16 divorcing fathers for whom divorce was fundamentally a child-centered crisis. Fear and guilt over separation from children and wife, outrage and disappointment with the legal system, anxiety about the social and sexual readjustment to single life, and the need to develop strategies for continued child contact were most prevalent. The author's suggestions for the management of these issues include the therapist's familiarization with divorce as it affects and is influenced by intrapsychic, interpersonal, familial, and legal systems. PMID- 6624958 TI - Differences in repeated psychiatric examinations of litigants to a lawsuit. AB - Repeated psychiatric examinations of 42 litigants were compared to determine reasons for differences in findings by experts hired by the defendant and by the plaintiffs. The lawsuit resulted from the collapse of a coal slag heap in Buffalo Creek, W. Va., in 1972. All psychiatric reports prepared for the trial were screened. Experts for the two sides differed systematically over the extent of recovery from psychiatric symptoms and in other areas. Changes in the plaintiffs' mental statuses over time are shown not to be the cause. Extraneous factors, such as "forensic identification," the subtle influence of adversarial proceedings on initially neutral witnesses, are shown to play a part. PMID- 6624959 TI - Alexithymia: examining the development of a psychological concept. AB - Alexithymia is a clinically derived concept that refers to difficulty patients have with verbal expression of emotions and with fantasy elaborations. Since its recent introduction into the literature, it has been discussed in various contexts and has been considered by some to be a useful concept in integrating data from a variety of disciplines. The authors contend that many of the speculations about alexithymia are based on an inadequately researched data base and that its application in some areas is premature. They recommend careful investigation of any newly introduced psychological concept to avoid either its premature rejection or its reification. PMID- 6624961 TI - Reexamining the concept of adolescence: differences between adolescent boys and girls in the context of their families. AB - As part of a larger study on family functioning, the authors administered a questionnaire on individual attitudes toward family values to 158 Japanese American and Caucasian families. Differences between the generations on questions of authority and responsibility were predictable; few differences were found between ethnic groups. However, differences were striking between adolescent boys and girls, regardless of ethnicity: Girls valued family affiliation, closeness, and emotional expression significantly more highly than did boys. The authors emphasize the need for families to value girls' needs for closeness and emotional expression as highly as boys' needs for independence and self-differentiation. They suggest that the concept of separation-individuation as the major goal of adolescence be reexamined. PMID- 6624963 TI - Recommendations for scientific reports on depression. PMID- 6624960 TI - Different definitions of alcoholism, II: A pilot study of 10 definitions in a treatment setting. AB - The authors have developed the Alcohol Poly-Diagnostic Interview, which permits the operationalization of the 10 leading definitions of alcoholism used in the United States and Europe. In a pilot study of 23 patients in an outpatient alcohol treatment facility, all patients were identified as alcoholic by seven of the diagnostic schemes; the other three diagnostic schemes identified at least 78% of the patients as alcoholic. The authors also found that the Diagnostic Interview Schedule was sensitive to the diagnosis of alcoholism among treated patients. This approach should facilitate further research into the relationship among various definitions of alcoholism and studies of their validity. PMID- 6624962 TI - Psychiatric symptoms and cerebellar pathology. AB - The authors describe three patients hospitalized for psychiatric disorders, all of whom had cerebellar lesions. Referring to recent research on nonmotor cerebellar functions, the authors suggest that patients with cerebellar lesions may develop an organic brain syndrome that closely resembles the organic brain syndrome associated with cerebral cortical lesions. PMID- 6624964 TI - Consensus development conferences: assessing and communicating advances in mental health. PMID- 6624966 TI - A study of therapists' choice of a therapist. AB - Twenty-three psychotherapists discussed the criteria that they used when seeking a therapist for themselves. Most of the subjects had had more than one experience with psychotherapy. They sought a therapist who had a reputation for competence, whom they would not encounter frequently outside of therapy sessions, whom they experienced as warm and caring, and who talked rather than remaining silent during the sessions. The significance of these findings for conducting psychotherapy is discussed. PMID- 6624965 TI - Plasma levels of imipramine and adverse effects in children. AB - In 22 prepubertal depressed children, the total plasma concentration of imipramine and its major metabolite, desipramine, varied by more than sevenfold. The plasma drug concentrations correlated with slowing of intracardiac conduction, elevation of diastolic blood pressure, and increase in heart rate. These drug-induced changes were uniformly observed when the total tricyclic level exceeded 225 ng/ml. However, subjective reporting of nuisance side effects was not related to plasma drug concentration. These findings suggest that children can be safely treated when their plasma levels are below 225 ng/ml. If higher plasma levels are attained, closer monitoring is warranted. PMID- 6624967 TI - Altered lateralization of cognitive processes in depressed women. AB - Eighteen normal men and women had a left hemisphere advantage for processing a verbal task, but depressed women showed a trend toward right hemisphere superiority. In depression the right hemisphere may share functions performed exclusively by the left hemisphere in normal subjects. Altered laterality may be a trait of depression-prone people or a change related to depressive episodes themselves. In the latter case, the right hemisphere may be compensating for relative deactivation of the dominant left hemisphere. PMID- 6624969 TI - Educational objectives in psychiatric residency training: a survey of training directors and residents. AB - The authors surveyed 200 physicians completing their psychiatric residencies on the importance and achievement of 124 core training objectives. One hundred thirty (65%) of the residents and all 23 of the training directors of the programs selected responded. As a group, residents viewed a substantial number of the objectives as less important, and less well accomplished, than did their training directors. The discordantly rated objectives fell in several basic areas of psychiatric competence, such as the management of schizophrenia and drug side effects. Certain objectives were rated at a lower level of accomplishment by residents from smaller programs. Possible factors accounting for these differences are briefly considered. PMID- 6624968 TI - Efficacy of amoxapine in psychotic depression. AB - Psychotic depression is a distinct clinical entity in that its response to tricyclic antidepressants is poor but its response to tricyclic antidepressant antipsychotics is better. The authors report the favorable outcome of four patients with psychotic depression treated with amoxapine, a derivative of the antipsychotic loxapine. The elevation of serum prolactin during treatment in three patients suggests that postsynaptic dopamine blockade occurs with amoxapine treatment. This might account for the efficacy of amoxapine in psychotic depression. PMID- 6624970 TI - Use of propranolol for provoked and unprovoked episodes of rage. AB - The use of propranolol to treat unprovoked rage episodes in brain-damaged patients has recently been reported. The authors report three cases that indicate a role for its use in the treatment of overall aggressiveness in brain-damaged or mentally retarded patients. PMID- 6624971 TI - Case report of withdrawal dyskinesia associated with amoxapine. AB - The antidepressant amoxapine is structurally related to the neuroleptic loxapine and can cause side effects related to hypothesized dopamine receptor blockade. This case of withdrawal dyskinesia after amoxapine discontinuation further demonstrates its potential for causing side effects associated with neuroleptics. PMID- 6624972 TI - A case of subdural hematoma mimicking severe depression with conversion-like symptoms. AB - The authors describe an alcoholic patient in whom severe depressive symptoms and conversion-like features masked the diagnosis of subdural hematoma. An underlying, treatable organic basis for any psychiatric syndrome, especially if atypical, must be considered in alcoholic patients. PMID- 6624973 TI - Trazodone and priapism. AB - Trazodone, an antidepressant with antianxiety effects, has been available in the United States since March 1982. Since then 11 cases of priapism, five requiring surgical procedures, have been reported. The authors present one of the latter cases. PMID- 6624975 TI - Methylphenidate in the treatment of aggression in two patients with antisocial personality disorder. AB - Two hospitalized patients with antisocial personality disorder (by DSM-III) and histories of childhood attention deficit disorder became less aggressive during trials of methylphenidate. The authors suggest a link between the childhood disorder and one subgroup of antisocial personality disorder. PMID- 6624974 TI - Is carbamazepine helpful in paroxysmal behavior disorders? AB - Carbamazepine was used to treat two patients with paroxysmal behavioral episodes and preexisting psychiatric disease. Carbamazepine abolished the paroxysmal episodes. Its effects on the preexisting disease were less clear. These data suggest carbamazepine treatment for paroxysmal behavior. PMID- 6624976 TI - Postictal excitement following bilateral and right-unilateral ECT. AB - Postictal excitement was observed in two patients following bilateral and/or right-unilateral ECT but not following left-unilateral ECT. The findings agree with reports associating a similar syndrome with right-side brain insult. PMID- 6624977 TI - Acute psychotic behavior associated with atenolol. PMID- 6624978 TI - Trazodone cardiotoxicity. PMID- 6624979 TI - Psychoses following trazodone administration. PMID- 6624981 TI - A revision of axis V of DSM-III. PMID- 6624980 TI - Combined tricyclic and MAOI treatment of depressed patients. PMID- 6624982 TI - Dexamethasone suppression test in children. PMID- 6624983 TI - Early onset of severe dyskinesia following lithium-haloperidol treatment. PMID- 6624984 TI - Depression, dementia, and the dexamethasone suppression test. PMID- 6624985 TI - Mania leading to self-induced subcutaneous emphysema. PMID- 6624986 TI - Serendipitous relief with disopyramide of phobia for flying. PMID- 6624988 TI - Familial relatedness of schizophrenia and schizotypal states. AB - The types and expectancy of mental disorders in the siblings of 74 probands with chronic schizophrenia were examined. The siblings were classified according to whether 1) both parents had schizotypal personality disorder, 2) one parent had the disorder and one was normal, or 3) both parents were normal. Siblings whose parents both had the disorder were at significantly greater risk for schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder than siblings with at least one normal parent. Similarly, the expectancy of schizotypal personality disorder alone and combined with schizophrenia was higher among siblings with one parent with the disorder than in siblings with two normal parents. The data suggest that schizotypal traits may be genetically related to schizophrenia. PMID- 6624987 TI - Transient cognitive disorders (delirium, acute confusional states) in the elderly. AB - Transient cognitive disorders (delirium and pseudodelirium) are highly prevalent among the elderly, especially those with brain damage. Delirium is a common feature of physical illness or drug intoxication in elderly patients and requires prompt medical attention. While potentially reversible, delirium may herald death. Pseudodelirium may be induced by psychosocial stress or accompany a functional mental disorder. Transient cognitive disorders must not be confused with dementia, a chronic syndrome. The author discusses clinical features, etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of delirium and related transient disorders of cognition in the elderly. PMID- 6624989 TI - Correlates of self-reported and objectively determined exposure to Agent Orange. AB - The authors examined the relationship between 100 Viet Nam veterans' self reported and objectively determined exposure to the herbicide Agent Orange and the relationship between self- or objective ratings and self-reported psychological and medical problems. Veterans who believed they had been exposed reported more psychological and medical problems than the other veterans but did not differ on "success at living" indices; the medical problems many reported suggested psychosomatic etiologies. Grouped according to objective ratings of herbicide exposure, the veterans did not show such differences in psychological or medical problems. No differences on neuropsychological testing appeared, no matter how the subjects were grouped. PMID- 6624990 TI - Psychopathological effects of solitary confinement. AB - Psychopathological reactions to solitary confinement were extensively described by nineteenth-century German clinicians. In the United States there have been several legal challenges to the use of solitary confinement, based on allegations that it may have serious psychiatric consequences. The recent medical literature on this subject has been scarce. The author describes psychiatric symptoms that appeared in 14 inmates exposed to periods of increased social isolation and sensory restriction in solitary confinement and asserts that these symptoms form a major, clinically distinguishable psychiatric syndrome. PMID- 6624991 TI - Psychiatry in Saudi Arabia. AB - The author draws on personal experience and a review of the literature to summarize the current state of psychiatric practice and education in Saudi Arabia and its relationship to other medical specialties. Although psychiatry is not accorded the status that it has in the West and there is a drastic undersupply of psychiatrists, the specialist practicing in Saudi Arabia has a unique opportunity to integrate ancient beliefs, customs, and laws with modern knowledge and technology in a county where the emphasis is on a stable transition from being governed almost entirely by religious precepts to being a new world power. PMID- 6624992 TI - Patients' perspectives on community alternatives to hospitalization: a follow-up study. AB - Few studies of deinstitutionalized patients in the community have focused on the quality of the patients' lives. The authors interviewed 31 patients discharged from a state hospital to community residences and 10 patients who remained in the hospital. Patients were evaluated at three time intervals on eight outcome indexes. Eight months after the patients left the hospital they reported significant positive changes in the quality of their lives. None of the patients were rehospitalized during the study period. PMID- 6624993 TI - Divorced fathers: predictors of continued paternal involvement. AB - The author investigated factors associated with continued involvement 3 years after divorce of fathers who did not have custody of their children. Feeling competent in the role of father, degree of involvement in child rearing 1 year after divorce, and the ease with which they were able to see their children were associated with fathers' greater participation 3 years after divorce. There was no relationship between how often a divorced father saw his children and how involved he felt in child rearing. All fathers were struggling with a sense of confusion and difficulty about their status as parents. PMID- 6624994 TI - The WHO collaborative study on strategies for extending mental health care, I: The genesis of the study. AB - In 1975 the World Health Organization began a multinational collaborative study of the feasibility and effectiveness of offering community-based mental health care in developing countries. Services were to be offered by primary health care workers in pilot study areas in seven countries. The authors discuss the philosophic and epidemiologic underpinnings of the study, the factors that helped the collaborative effort develop, and some of the issues that emerged. Areas for future study are outlined. PMID- 6624995 TI - The WHO collaborative study on strategies for extending mental health care, II: The development of new research methods. AB - Teams in seven developing countries under sponsorship of the World Health Organization have been carrying out collaborative operational research on providing mental health care through primary health care services. New techniques of identifying mental disorders in children and adults have been developed and tested. Methods of assessing the skills and attitudes of health workers toward mental health work and of gauging community attitudes toward mental illness have also been developed. Results have been directly applied in planning better mental health care. The authors conclude that cross-cultural collaborative research is effective in improving mental health care for those in greatest need. PMID- 6624996 TI - The WHO collaborative study on strategies for extending mental health care, III: Evaluative design and illustrative results. AB - Teams in seven developing countries have adopted a common research design to evaluate new community mental health care services. The nature of the intervention programs varied considerably according to the characteristics of each area. Observations made before the intervention and 18 to 24 months after showed significant changes in the attitudes, knowledge, and diagnostic accuracy of health staff and in community attitudes and reactions. A considerable number of individuals with serious mental disorders received effective care for the first time. PMID- 6624997 TI - The WHO collaborative study on strategies for extending mental health care, IV: A training approach to enhancing the availability of mental health manpower in a developing country. AB - Part of the WHO collaborative study is the training of general health workers to provide mental health services. The authors describe the training program used in Raipur Rani, chandigarh, India, to train medical ancillaries (called peripheral health workers). Training methods used were based on evaluation of 1) Workers' existing knowledge of and attitudes toward mental health problems, 2) existing training materials, 3) the need for new training materials, and 4) the support and supervision workers needed to carry out their duties. Use of the workers has greatly increased the availability of mental health services. PMID- 6624998 TI - Community mental health care in developing countries. PMID- 6624999 TI - Psychiatry in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. PMID- 6625000 TI - Psychiatric diagnosis of chronic pain patients. AB - Using DSM-III, the authors reviewed the psychiatric diagnoses of 43 patients evaluated over a 1-year period by a university medical center pain board and found that 98% of the patients had an axis I disorder and 37% had an axis II disorder. The findings are discussed in relationship to earlier findings and treatment implications. PMID- 6625001 TI - Depressive episodes in patients with multiple sclerosis. AB - Thirty multiple sclerosis patients were assessed: 15 with predominantly cerebral involvement of their demyelinating disease and 15 with predominantly spinal cord and cerebellar involvement. The groups were matched with regard to age, duration of illness, and Kurtzke disability scores. Assessment included neuropsychological testing, the Beck Depression Inventory, and a psychiatric interview patterned after the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. A group of normal volunteers served as controls for the neuropsychological testing. There were significantly more major depressive episodes in the cerebral group, as assessed by the patients' histories and by interview, and there was a trend toward more depressive symptoms in this group, as measured by the Beck inventory. PMID- 6625002 TI - Platelet MAO activity in alcoholic patients and their first-degree relatives. AB - The authors studied 49 alcoholic in patients in remission, 18 first-degree relatives of 10 of these alcoholics, and 25 normal control subjects. Alcoholic patients had significantly lower platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity than control subjects. There was an inverse relationship between platelet MAO levels in the alcoholic patients and prevalence of reported alcoholism in their first degree relatives. First-degree relatives of alcoholics had lower platelet MAO activity than control subjects. The data suggest a relationship between low platelet MAO activity and predisposition to familial alcoholism. PMID- 6625003 TI - Six-year follow-up of patients with carefully diagnosed good- and poor-prognosis schizophrenia. AB - Forty-nine probands, diagnosed according to objective diagnostic criteria as having good- or poor-prognosis schizophrenia, were interviewed 6 years after being diagnosed to assess outcome measured by the Strauss-Carpenter outcome scale, global ratings made by experienced clinicians, and Feighner criteria. The majority of poor-prognosis probands were doing poorly, had a higher than expected number of suicides or probable suicides, and had evidence of organic impairment. The authors conclude that poor prognosis can be accurately predicted when longitudinal factors are embedded in the diagnostic criteria and that clinicians should be aware of the substantial risk of suicide and organic impairment with schizophrenia. PMID- 6625004 TI - Case report of acute disulfiram overdose. AB - The authors describe the clinical symptoms of a disulfiram overdose in a male patient and present the plasma concentrations of disulfiram and its metabolites 4 and 7 days after the overdose. PMID- 6625005 TI - Case report of withdrawal dyskinesia associated with amoxapine. AB - The authors describe a case of oral-facial dyskinesia that occurred after discontinuation of amoxapine, and antidepressant which may also have neuroleptic effects. Occurrence of withdrawal dyskinesia indicates that the neuroleptic effects of amoxapine may be clinically significant. PMID- 6625006 TI - Case report of tricyclic-induced delirium at a therapeutic drug concentration. AB - A patient receiving a standard dose of imipramine developed a drug-induced delirium. Her plasma antidepressant level was in the low therapeutic range. Thus, tricyclic-induced delirium may in some cases be an idiosyncratic phenomenon unrelated to plasma drug concentration. PMID- 6625008 TI - Age at onset and number of psychotic symptoms in bipolar I and schizoaffective disorder. AB - The authors rated 71 bipolar I patients on the basis of the number of different psychotic symptoms experienced during the course of their illness. Patients who became ill at a young age had significantly higher scores than patients with a later onset. PMID- 6625007 TI - The dexamethasone suppression test in psychotic disorders. AB - Dexamethasone suppression tests were given to 69 consecutively admitted psychiatric patients. Nonsuppression rates for depression with or without melancholia and for schizophrenia were similar to those previously reported, but for mania and other psychoses the frequencies were higher than expected. PMID- 6625009 TI - Desipramine in the treatment of hypersomnolence following abrupt cessation of cocaine use. AB - Two heavy abusers of cocaine experienced dysphoric hypersomnolent withdrawal following abrupt cessation of use. Desipramine quickly reversed the withdrawal symptoms in both patients, although it did not prevent their future use of cocaine. PMID- 6625010 TI - The role of labeling processes in diagnosing borderline personality disorder. AB - Normal men exhibited more characteristics of borderline personality disorder than did normal women on a questionnaire. In light of that finding, the authors suggest that labeling processes may be a contributing factor in the overrepresentation of women among patients diagnosed as borderline. PMID- 6625011 TI - On accepting the costs of pregnancy. PMID- 6625012 TI - Talking about nuclear arms in the Journal. PMID- 6625013 TI - Affective disorders in the mentally retarded. PMID- 6625014 TI - The DST in borderline patients. PMID- 6625016 TI - The growing abundance of psychiatric and psychologic specialty clinics--caveat actor! Caveat emptor! PMID- 6625015 TI - A suggestion for dealing with allegations of sexual misconduct. PMID- 6625017 TI - DSM-III and the diagnosis of borderline. AB - In order to achieve more understanding of the diagnosis of borderline personality, particularly as it relates to DSM-III, a historical review of influential diagnostic approaches is undertaken. DSM-III defines the borderline personality disorder in a simple way, enhancing reliability and research value. In comparison to other influential approaches, however, there is an overemphasis on affective disturbance, plus an obvious omission amongst the diagnostic criteria of the vulnerability to brief psychotic regressions under stress. The checklist approach of DSM-III greatly takes away from dynamic understanding and makes potentially valuable items such as defensive organization difficult to include. The DSM-III concept of the borderline personality as one of many distinct personality disorders seems unfounded. The concept of the borderline as a superordinate diagnosis under which more specific personality disorders would fall, appears more reasonable. PMID- 6625018 TI - Intervention with children who set fires. AB - A technique to interrupt firesetting behavior in children has been described. This technique sequentially correlates events, feelings, and behavior on a line graph. This is done in full view of the patient and his family. The most important function of this procedure is to help the patient become aware of the cause-effect relationship between feelings and behavior. The initial feeling is utilized as a signal that he is at risk to set a fire. This awareness lets him substitute an acceptable behavior. Twenty-nine patients have been treated thus far and only two have set subsequent fires. Follow-up periods varied from six months to eight years with an average duration of two-and-a-half years. PMID- 6625019 TI - The conception of the alternative and the decision to divorce. AB - Despite soaring divorce rates and the effect of divorce on the individual, family, and society, professional scientific literature examining the factors governing the decision to divorce has been scant. The author suggests that the key variable affecting the decision to divorce can best be understood through an exploration of the individual's conception of the alternative. The factors that comprise the conception of the alternative are discussed and the problems inherent in its valid construction by the patient are examined. The therapeutic implementation of this conception is outlined. PMID- 6625020 TI - The interlude between short- and long-term psychotherapy. AB - The interlude between short- and long-term psychotherapy is a critical period, fraught with possible pitfalls as well as therapeutic opportunities. During this transitional phase certain discernible shifts may take place in the therapeutic process. Among these changes are: (1) an increasing vagueness with respect to formerly circumscribed goals and outcomes, (2) the assumption on the part of the therapist of a less active role in the treatment process, and (3) the growing centrality and significance of the transference relationship to the therapeutic process. Each of these shifts will very likely evoke strong and sometimes frightening reactions in the patient. These reactions can often be effectively broached and resolved through discussion and interpretation of their earlier origins. An effective auxiliary approach, however, is the willingness of the therapist to impart to the confused or frightened patient his rationales for being less definitive regarding therapeutic goals, less active in pursuing those goals, and more explicitly interested in the patient's attitudes towards him. PMID- 6625021 TI - Focal psychotherapy--terminable and interminable. AB - Despite evidence that many patients use psychotherapy intermittently at times of need, most treatment is structured as though it had a clear beginning, middle, and end. The aim is to treat an identified area of psychopathology. This article presents an alternative model, in which the patient is seen as evolving, receptive to and needing different interventions at different times. Treatment consists of episodes of focal therapy within the framework of an enduring helping relationship, akin to the practice of primary medical care. Since he can call upon the therapist repeatedly if necessary, it is the patient who determines, empirically, the ultimate pattern of care. The person of the therapist serves to bridge the discontinuous contacts, allowing some patients who require the presence of a therapist in their lives over an extended period of time (a transitional phase or longer) to assure this advantage without incurring the risks or costs of uninterrupted extended treatment. PMID- 6625022 TI - Cognitive and affective features in childhood psychosis. AB - This paper has explored the relationship between affect and cognition in normal, borderline, and psychotic child cases. In contrast to the normal child, an orderly unfolding of cognitive structures appears to be absent, or present only in part for the more severely disturbed child population. The aberrant delays presented by these children reveal a structure of cognition in which heterogeneous levels of thought coexist without reorganization into any known structure of totality. We hypothesize that an interactive relationship exists between these cognitive deficits, and the children's failure to achieve an integrated and differentiated self. We further speculate as a point of dysjunction the failure to coordinate the secondary schemata. This cognitive integration is coincident with the affective shift from passive to active, and a significant moment in the child's emerging individuation. In this latter process, active imitations of the mother play an extremely important role. As the beginning coordination of states and their transformations seemingly do not occur, active limitations do not function in usually expected ways, nor do they prepare the way for the later transition to partial identifications. It is these later internalizations which enable the child to sustain both more separate functioning and a sense of his own identity. The psychotic child appears to be enmeshed at the level of whole, merging identifications; that is, imitation of the other persists, and with it the fantasy of either being the other or not being. PMID- 6625023 TI - A systemic approach to resistance: theoretical and technical considerations. AB - A systemic approach to resistance allows the individual therapist to appreciate the adaptive, protective, systems-maintaining aspects of "help-rejecting" behaviors which might otherwise elicit negatively toned interventions that serve to heighten or rigidify a resistant impasse. This article illustrates how a systemic perspective assists the psychodynamically oriented psychotherapist in adopting a neutral and respectful attitude toward a patient's resistant posture, and also explores implications for the theoretical understanding and technical management of resistance. PMID- 6625024 TI - Outcome of eclectic psychotherapy in private psychological practice. AB - The outcome of eclectic psychotherapy in a private psychological practice was examined in 69 clients. Target symptoms, life-adjustment ratings, social adjustment ratings, and therapy expectancy were obtained before and after four months of psychotherapy from clients, therapists, and independent clinical raters. Results indicated that significant change had occurred after four months of psychotherapy for 6 of 10 categories of target complaints, in 9 of 11 areas of life adjustment and in 14 of 22 areas of social adjustment. Overall, 70 percent of clients showed improvement in their symptoms; 14 percent were unchanged and 17 percent deteriorated. The major value of the study is an exploration of psychotherapy outcome under naturalistic conditions in a growing but rarely studied treatment setting. PMID- 6625025 TI - The Capgras delusion: a critique of its psychodynamic theories. AB - The psychodynamic explanations for the Capgras delusion are reviewed. A critique is offered, showing how these theories fail to account for several important clinical phenomena found in patients with the Capgras delusion. A new psychodynamic theory is suggested that attempts to encompass all of the significant clinical phenomena. This hypothesis is based on findings in a series of fourteen schizophrenic patients with the typical delusion. The focus is on the patient's loss of a stable sense of identity. By the process of projection the patient ascribes his identity diffusion to those around him who are then seen as unreal impostors. PMID- 6625026 TI - The National Death Index. PMID- 6625027 TI - Measurement of family progress in coping with health problems. PMID- 6625028 TI - Taking stock: our chances of making a difference. 1982 Presidential Address. PMID- 6625029 TI - On the feasibility of linking census samples to the National Death Index for epidemiologic studies: a progress report. AB - To test the feasibility of using large national probability samples provided by the US Census Bureau, a pilot project was initiated to link 230,000 Census-type records to the National Death Index (NDI). Using strict precautions to maintain the complete confidentiality of individual records, the Current Population Survey files of one month in 1973 and one month in 1978 were matched by computer to the 1979 NDI file. The basic question to be addressed was whether deaths so obtained are seriously underestimated when there is no Social Security Number (SSN) in the Census record. The search of the NDI file resulted in 5,542 matches of which about 1,800 appear to be "true positives" representing deaths, the remainder are "false positives." Of the deaths, 80 per cent would still have been detected without SSN in the Census record. The main reasons for missing deaths (false negatives) were discrepancies in the year of birth and in the given name. Assuming certain changes in the NDI matching algorithm, the 80 per cent figure could increase to 85 per cent or higher; however, this could also cause significant increases in the number of false positives. The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and Census Bureau staff are currently developing a probabilistic method to eliminate false positives from the NDI output tape. The results of the pilot study indicate that a larger research project is clearly feasible. PMID- 6625030 TI - An evaluation of the Social Security Administration master beneficiary record file and the National Death Index in the ascertainment of vital status. AB - To evaluate the relative utility of the Social Security Administration and National Death Index as sources of mortality data, the vital status of 12,866 participants in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial was identified from these sources and compared to the known mortality experience. The SSA correctly identified 87.8 per cent of the 409 deaths that occurred between 1974 and 1980. Underreporting of deaths by the SSA occurred for participants with certain demographic characteristics, especially marital status. For the years 1979 and 1980, the period for which the SSA and NDI have comparable data, the SSA correctly identified 93.2 per cent and the NDI correctly identified 98.4 per cent of the 191 known deaths. The NDI matching process resulted in a large number of false positive matches. PMID- 6625031 TI - Health-specific family coping index for noninstitutional care. AB - We report on attempts to improve the Richmond/Hopkins Family Coping Index. Factor analysis showed that revised operational guidelines for using the index probably contributed to a significantly higher per cent of variance explained by the index (83 per cent versus 59 per cent). Interrater reliability was high (greater than or equal to .97). Correlation between this index and another coping index was also high (.94). Results support the continued use of the Family Coping Index- with new instructions--to assess patient/family coping. PMID- 6625032 TI - Fatality rates and regulatory policies in bituminous coal mining, United States, 1959-1981. AB - In the eleven years prior to the passage of the Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969, fatality rates changed little for underground miners and were increasing for surface miners. Following implementation of the 1969 Act, both rates decreased. Beginning in 1979, and continuing into the first six months of 1982, both rates increased. These associations suggest that current relaxation of regulations and policies for coal mine safety are unwarranted. PMID- 6625033 TI - Prevalence of self-reported depressive symptoms in young adolescents. AB - To investigate the significance and measurement of depressive symptoms in young adolescents, 624 junior high school students were asked to complete the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) during home interviews. In 384 usable symptom scales, item-scale correlations (most were above .50), inter-item correlations, coefficient alpha (.85), and patterns of reported symptoms were reasonable. Persistent symptoms were reported more often by Blacks, especially Black males. Prevalence of persistent symptoms in Whites was quite close to reported figures for adults, ranging from 1 per cent to 15 per cent in adolescent males and 2 per cent to 13 per cent in adolescent females. Adolescents reported persistent vegetative symptoms less often and psychosocial symptoms more often. Reports of symptoms without regard to duration were much more frequent in the adolescents, ranging from 18 per cent to 76 per cent in White males, 34 per cent to 76 per cent in White and Black females, and 41 per cent to 85 per cent in Black males. The results support the feasibility of using a self-report symptom scale to measure depressive symptoms in young adolescents. Transient symptoms reported by adolescents probably reflect their stage of development, but persistent symptoms are likely to have social psychiatric importance. PMID- 6625034 TI - Smoking habits in a hospitalized population: 1970-1980. AB - The smoking habits of 23,953 hospitalized men and women aged 20 to 80, interviewed in nine United States cities between 1970 and 1980, were examined. Comparisons were made of age-adjusted smoking rates in 1970-1975 vs 1976-1980, stratified by sex, race, and educational level. An overall decrease in smoking exposure between the time periods studied was observed: a decline in rates of current cigarette smokers and an increase in use of cigarettes containing less than or equal to 12 mg tar. Nevertheless, among current smokers, there was no reduction in the proportions of those who smoke 31+ cigarettes daily. An enhancing effect of higher education on rates of smoking cessation and use of cigarettes containing less than or equal to 12 mg tar was observed. In both time periods, proportionately more Black than White men were smokers, although the difference was smaller in college educated groups. These findings point up the limited effectiveness of public health education about smoking in lower socioeconomic groups, and suggest that in the future, lung cancer and other diseases for which smoking is a major factor will be increasingly social class related diseases. PMID- 6625035 TI - The organization and evaluation of a computer-assisted, centralized immunization registry. AB - The rationale for, and establishment of, a computer-assisted, centralized immunization registry are described. This registry was created to improve the quality and quantity of information regarding immunization status for a defined population receiving primary care from a variety of providers, principally public clinics and private practitioners. An evaluation of the feasibility of the registry after one year's function shows that 93 per cent of eligible providers initially agreed to participate and 73 per cent continue to do so. Their reports have resulted in the creation of 17,500 individual patient files. Of a prospective cohort of newborns, 23 per cent were identified as "high-risk" for overdue immunizations. After one year, the immunization rates in audited groups improved significantly. The direct cost of this registry is less than 65 cents per currently registered child per year. PMID- 6625036 TI - The 'Right-to-Know' movement. PMID- 6625037 TI - Does smoking cessation lead to weight gain? The experience of asbestos-exposed shipyard workers. AB - We examined the relationship between smoking cessation and weight change in a sample of 373 asbestos-exposed workers who had participated in a smoking cessation program. Those who quit smoking for one year and those who quit for shorter periods gained significantly more weight than those who continued to smoke. Those with initially poorer health and those who quit to avoid illness gained less weight. PMID- 6625038 TI - Differences in dental experiences, practices, and beliefs of inner-city and suburban adolescents. AB - Inner-city and suburban students' dental experiences, current practices, beliefs, and compliance with two school-based preventive programs were examined. Striking differences were found in the students' dental experiences, practices, and beliefs, but few in their compliance. These findings challenge the notion that inner-city students are poor compliers and suggest ways in which practitioners and public health officials might utilize the differing practices of these populations to plan preventive programs for adolescents. PMID- 6625039 TI - CPR skills: achievement and retention under stringent and relaxed criteria. AB - The ability to deliver proper basic cardiac life support was evaluated in 33 health professional students immediately and three months post CPR training, the latter assessment unsuspected. Statistically significant declines were noted in psychomotor skills. Performance using American Heart Association (AHA) standards was compared to performance under "relaxed" criteria. Results imply that current lengths of training sessions, duration of recertification, and application of established AHA standards may require re-evaluation. PMID- 6625040 TI - Alcohol consumption and diabetes mellitus mortality in different countries. AB - Alcohol consumption on a per capita country basis is associated with diabetes mortality rates for men. The relation is also positive for women, but not statistically significant. Countries that consume primarily beer have higher diabetes mortality rates than countries that consume primarily spirits or wine. PMID- 6625041 TI - Inadequate transfer of breast cancer self-detection technology. AB - Results of a telephone interview of 290 New Orleans women indicate that, at best, only about 10 per cent of them efficaciously applied breast cancer self-detection technology. These findings suggest that research to date regarding breast self examination efficacy in early tumor detection actually is problematic since few controls have been provided for the degree to which research subjects possess the knowledge to perform the examination correctly. PMID- 6625042 TI - Breast self-examination competency: an analysis of self-reported practice and associated characteristics. AB - Of 308 Baltimore, Maryland women surveyed by telephone, 76.3 per cent reported having performed breast self-examination (BSE) during the last year, with only 35 per cent reporting monthly BSE. Four BSE ability scores showed that most women had little knowledge of the proper BSE technique. Utilization factors, socioeconomic status, and knowledge/attitude about cancer were not related to BSE competency. Higher BSE competency scores were related to performing BSE at the recommended interval, having been taught the procedure by a health professional, and perceived confidence in BSE practice were also related to proper performance. PMID- 6625043 TI - Nuclear power: psychology and statistics. PMID- 6625044 TI - Jurisdictional limitations on access to mortality data. PMID- 6625045 TI - Follow-up study: protective immunization in the elderly. PMID- 6625046 TI - Pretesting of questions in visual acuity surveys. PMID- 6625047 TI - The hazards of exercise. PMID- 6625048 TI - Gastric stromal tumors. Reappraisal of histogenesis. AB - Twenty-eight gastric wall tumors classified by light microscopy as leiomyomas or leiomyosarcomas were reevaluated for histogenesis. Each case was analyzed for the presence of S-100 protein, a marker for cells derived from neuroectoderm, by the immunoperoxidase technique. Eight tumors contained cells with positive immunostaining for S-100 protein. Usually this staining was focal, but in one case staining was diffuse. In three additional cases the immunostaining outlined a nerve within the tumor. In contrast, two esophageal and 10 uterine leiomyomas, as well as normal gastric smooth muscle, gave negative reactions for S-100 protein. Twelve cases had tissue processed for electron microscopy. Only two of the tumors, one leiomyoma and one leiomyosarcoma, contained cytoplasmic myofilaments with densities expected in cells derived from smooth muscle; neither of these tumors stained for S-100 protein. In one case, the tumor with diffuse staining for S-100 protein, the cells resembled Schwann cells ultrastructurally. The remaining nine cases had neither smooth muscle nor Schwann cell features. They did contain interposed cell processes, primitive junctions, and large cytoplasmic vacuoles. The results of this study indicate that many gastric wall tumors are not derived from smooth muscle. The presence of S-100 protein suggests a nerve sheath origin in some cases. While the ultrastructure of many gastric tumors does not resemble nerve sheath cells in most peripheral nerves, the myenteric nervous system is a possible source for perineurial or mesenchymal nerve sheath cells with distinctive fine structure. Further study is needed to refine our knowledge of the histogenesis of gastric stromal tumors. PMID- 6625049 TI - Neuromuscular choristoma. A clinicopathologic study of two cases. AB - Neuromuscular choristoma, also known as benign "triton" tumor, is an uncommon peripheral nerve tumor usually occurring in early childhood. We report two cases, a 6-year-old girl with a solitary tumor of the supraclavicular fossa, and a 14 year-old girl with multiple small neuromuscular choristomas surrounding a recurrent massive musculoaponeurotic fibromatosis of the right axilla. These choristomas were bound firmly to the involved nerves, and consisted histologically of bundles of mature striated muscle fibers intermingled with myelinated nerve fibers. Our review of the literature indicates that these tumors are benign, regress with time, do not recur, and are usually not accompanied by functional impairment of the affected nerves before biopsy, so that wide or complete excision should not be attempted. Histogenetically, the striated muscle fibers in the nerves probably derive from nondifferentiated ectomesenchymal cells. PMID- 6625050 TI - Omental-mesenteric myxoid hamartomas. Infantile lesions simulating malignant tumors. AB - Three infants presented with multiple nodular tumors of the omentum and mesentery characterized histologically by plump mesenchymal cells in a myxoid, well vascularized stroma. Electron microscopy of one tumor revealed reticulated inclusions in dilated cisterna of endoplasmic reticulum. Diagnoses by the original pathologist, or by consultants from referral centers in the United States included liposarcoma, primitive sarcoma, possible leiomyosarcoma, and fibromatosis, but the subsequent evolution of the patients questions the validity of such diagnoses. Two patients received what was deemed ineffective therapy, yet survived with no evidence of disease for over a decade of close follow-up. Another patient received no therapy other than the initial surgery, and has been well for more than a year. Infantile lesions may show deceptive features of immaturity and high cellularity that are apt to be confused with a true malignancy. Omentalmesenteric "myxoid" lesions are probably hamartomatous in origin. PMID- 6625051 TI - Lymphoid papillary hyperplasia of the palatine tonsils. AB - A rare case of papillary hyperplasia of the palatine tonsils is reported in a 9 year-old girl who presented with pharyngeal obstruction. The obstruction was due to the bilateral enlargement of the palatine tonsils with a papillary surface configuration so atypical that a diagnosis of malignant neoplasm was clinically considered. Histopathological study showed a peculiar form of lymphoid hyperplasia. No other members of the family were affected. As far as we know, this is the only case reported in recent years in an Occidental patient although a few similar cases have been reported from Japan. The importance of recognizing this peculiar abnormality rests in the fact that in spite of the clinical features simulating a cancer or multiple epithelial papillomas, the process is benign, probably non-neoplastic, and easily cured by bilateral tonsillectomy. PMID- 6625052 TI - Intravenous leiomyoblastoma. AB - A unique case of leiomyoblastoma involving the veins and venules of the skin and subcutaneous space is reported. There was no evidence of recurrence or metastasis 1 1/2 years after excision. PMID- 6625053 TI - Hamartoma. PMID- 6625054 TI - Assessment of Leptoconops bequaerti as a potential vector of Mansonella ozzardi in Haiti. AB - Experimental studies in Bayeux, Haiti showed that the biting midge, Leptoconops bequaerti, is capable of supporting the complete development of Mansonella ozzardi but only on a very limited scale. This suggests that the species may not be involved in the natural transmission cycle despite its abundance and pestiferous nature in certain areas of Haiti. A midge-holding container is described which markedly enhanced the survival of engorged L. bequaerti in the laboratory. PMID- 6625055 TI - Acanthocephalan, probably Bolbosoma, from the peritoneal cavity of man in Japan. AB - An immature female acanthocephalan in a tumor on the serosa over the ileum of a 16-year-old boy in Kagoshima, Japan, was identified as probably a species of Bolbosoma. This is the second such case to be reported. PMID- 6625056 TI - Human infection with the pancreas fluke, Eurytrema pancreaticum. AB - A 70-year-old Japanese woman with gastric cancer in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan, was found at autopsy to have about 15 adult flukes, Eurytrema pancreaticum, in the dilated pancreatic ducts. The number of eosinophils in the blood was within normal limits. The two worms which were least damaged when removed from the gland were used for stained specimens, and another two were macerated to collect the eggs. The parasites (10 X 5, 11 X 7 mm in size) were broad, flattened, oval to fusiform. The suckers were large, the oral (2.1 X 2.0, 2.0 X 1.9 mm) being larger than the ventral (1.6 X 1.6, 1.4 X 1.5 mm). The eggs (47.06 +/- 3.88 X 30.35 +/- 2.74 microns) were embryonated in the uterus. These findings led to the identification of E. pancreaticum. This is the second documented case of eurytremiasis in man. PMID- 6625057 TI - Studies on schistosomiasis in Taiz Province, Yemen Arab Republic. AB - Infection with both urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis is prevalent with patchy distribution in Taiz Province, southwest Yemen Arab Republic. Schistosoma haematobium with a prevalence as high as 90% was found in the western, southern, and northern parts of the province. Among school children the overall prevalence was 37%. Infection rates did not differ significantly among various age and sex groups. Three species of Bulinus--B. beccarii, B. truncatus, and B. wrighti--have been found in the province, B. beccarii having the widest distribution and highest density. S. mansoni was found in most parts of the province. A 100% prevalence was found in some schools. The overall prevalence was 64% among school children and 68% among inhabitants of villages surveyed. Highest prevalence was found in the age group 10-20 years. Hepatosplenomegaly was prevalent among children in highly endemic areas. Biomphalaria pfeifferi, the intermediate host of S. mansoni, was found in most valleys. PMID- 6625058 TI - Control of schistosomiasis in large irrigation schemes by use of niclosamide. A ten-year study in Zimbabwe. AB - The development of chemical control strategies, and regular assessments of snail populations over a 10-year period, has resulted in reduced incidence of disease and the efficient use of niclosamide by competent administrators. Full knowledge of all water-bodies, strict surveillance programs, and timing of dam treatments have minimized the chances of snails becoming infected within a 380-km2 area. The scheme is now entirely estate-run and administered. In spite of soaring prices, particularly those of chemicals, control costs have changed minimally and are less than, or comparable with, those of schemes Puerto Rico, Brazil, St. Lucia, Iran, and Tanzania. Total cost for a 9-year period was US $696,000 and was $249/km2 in 1979-1980. Estimated cost for 10 years was US $800,000. The population of between 75,000 and 100,000 was largely unstable, and cost per capita was $0.95 to $1.21. PMID- 6625059 TI - Survival of Schistosoma mansoni in the human host: estimates from a community based prospective study in Puerto Rico. AB - Changes over time in the prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma mansoni infection were measured by serial quantitative stool examinations using the modified Ritchie concentration technique in a 9-year prospective study of an endemic Puerto Rican community with a population of about 1,000 persons. The complete interruption of transmission was achieved by snail control during the 2nd year of the study, in February 1973. Annual stool specimens were obtained from all willing community residents. In addition, from 27 of these residents 10 consecutive stools were collected in each of 3 years: 1973, 1976, 1977. After a chemotherapy campaign with oxamniquine in 1980, only eight of these 27 persons remained untreated. Ten consecutive stools were collected from seven of these untreated individuals in 1981. We calculated the rate of decline (beta) in geometric mean egg count in the cohort of 27 over 5 years and in the subcohort of seven over 9 years. Similarly, beta was calculated from the change in the single annual stool counts in 528 persons providing data for all of the first 6 years of the study. Estimates of the average life-span (-1/beta, in a model assuming constant rate of death) of the adult S. mansoni with 95% confidence intervals are for the cohort of 27, 5.5 years (4.0 to 9.1), for the cohort of seven, 37 years (8.0 to infinity), and and for the cohort of 528, 35 years (16 to infinity).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6625060 TI - Effect of chemotherapy on experimental pulmonary schistosomiasis. AB - Mice with portal hypertension caused by portal vein ligation reproduced the model of severe pulmonary schistosomiasis when infected for 10 weeks with 30 cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni. Curative treatment promoted reversion, without fibrosis, of the periovular granulomatous lesions formed in the alveolar tissue. However, the arterial and arteriolar lesions were defectively repaired, with segmental vascular fibrosis, narrowing, and angiomatoid changes remaining for up to 120 days after treatment. There was also evidence that eggs are destroyed more rapidly and more completely in the lungs than in the liver. PMID- 6625061 TI - Efficacy of amoscanate against experimental schistosomal infections in monkeys. AB - The antischistosomal activity of oral doses of amoscanate (4-isothiocyanato-4' nitrodiphenylamine) was determined in infected Cebus apella (capuchin monkeys) and Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkeys). In C. apella infected with Schistosoma japonicum or S. mansoni an initial dose of 10 mg/kg body weight did not alter fecal egg counts, but a subsequent dose of 25 mg/kg markedly reduced both egg counts and worm burdens; in animals infected with S. haematobium, a single dose of 25 mg/kg of amoscanate was similarly effective. Comparable schistosomicidal effects were also produced in S. japonicum- and S. mansoni-infected M. mulatta by single oral doses of 20 and 35 mg/kg, respectively. In both C. apella and M. mulatta the coadministration of single oral doses of 50 or 75 mg/kg of erythromycin attenuated the appearance of mutagenic metabolites of amoscanate in the urine but did not interfere with the antischistosomal action of amoscanate. In non-infected monkeys single oral doses of 75 mg/kg of amoscanate with or without erythromycin (50 mg/kg in C. apella or 75 mg/kg in M. mulatta) did not cause any major organ toxicity as revealed by gross and histopathologic examination, hematology, blood chemistry, electrocardiograms and urinalysis. The data indicate that in C. apella and M. mulatta, amoscanate is a relatively non toxic antischistosomal agent effective orally against a broad spectrum of schistosome species. PMID- 6625062 TI - Observations on cattle schistosomiasis in the Sudan, a study in comparative medicine. IV. Preliminary observations on the mechanism of naturally acquired resistance. AB - Suppression of egg production is the main parasitological manifestation of naturally acquired resistance to Schistosoma bovis in Sudanese cattle. In preliminary investigations on the mechanisms involved, 700-4,000 "suppressed" adult worms were surgically transplanted from six "resistant" donor cattle with very low fecal egg counts (0-8 eggs/g, epg) into six normal recipients. After transplantation, large numbers of eggs were excreted in the feces of the recipient cattle, beginning at between 5 and 16 days after operation, and reaching counts of 55-405 epg at between 6 and 20 days post transplantation. In the cattle with the highest egg counts, egg counts soon fell sharply from peak levels, whereas in cattle with lower peak counts, more steady counts were maintained. All the recipients were perfused at days 46-56, when between 0.1% and 78.5% of the transplanted worms were recovered. In the second experiment, 1,000 ml quantities of pooled sera from "resistant" donors were injected intraperitoneally into each of four normal recipient calves, while another four were injected with pooled sera from uninfected cattle. All the calves were challenged percutaneously the next day with 7,500 cercariae each, and the course of infection was followed by parasitological and clinical measurements until perfusion 18 weeks later. The results showed that the "immune" sera had a negligible effect on the numbers of worms which developed, and had no significant effect on the fecal egg counts or clinical parameters studied. There was, however, some evidence from the tissue egg counts of a reduction in the fecundity of the worms in calves injected with "immune" sera.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6625064 TI - Hydatid disease in Greek children. AB - The surgical incidence of hydatidosis in the Greek population aged 0-18 years was investigated. Discharge and operating room records from 1 January 1969 through 31 December 1975 in all hospitals of the country were reviewed. Data were statistically analyzed according to geographical and annual distribution of the disease, age, sex, and organ affected. Of a total of 4,566 patients with hydatidosis, 534 (11.7%) were 0-18 years old. By extrapolation, operations in this age group were performed at a rate of 2.7/100,000 population per year. Surgical incidence of hydatidosis varies among different geographical areas in Greece; its percentage is highest in rural areas. The disease is more frequent in boys than in girls (P less than 0.01). Lungs and liver are the most commonly involved organs (94.2%). Lung involvement is more frequent in boys (73.0%) than in girls (50.5%) (P less than 0.001). PMID- 6625063 TI - Mebendazole treatment of Echinococcus granulosus infection. Report of a case. AB - A patient with an Echinococcus granulosus cyst of the liver was treated with mebendazole for 94 days before operation. The serum levels of mebendazole varied from 39.4-274 ng/ml. After operation, cyst materials were inoculated into mice which developed hydatid cysts 10 months later. Intestinal absorption of mebendazole is poor and variable, and determination of serum concentrations is necessary during treatment. No apparently successful cases of drug treatment of E. granulosus infection have been verified by animal inoculation of cyst material; therefore, surgery must still be considered the treatment of choice. It is recommended that mebendazole be given prophylactically to prevent spread of the disease at operation. PMID- 6625065 TI - Antibiotic treatment of louse-borne relapsing fever in Ethiopia: a report of 377 cases. AB - Single-dose non-random, antibiotic treatment was evaluated in 377 Ethiopians with louse-borne relapsing fever. Oral doses of tetracycline hydrochloride 500 mg, doxycycline 100 mg, erythromycin base 500 mg, chloramphenicol 500 mg, or a single intramuscular injection of 1,200,000 units of penicillin aluminum monostearate (PAM) were equally effective treatments. All drugs induced a Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction, which was clinically less severe in patients given PAM. The duration of spirochetemia after treatment was much longer after PAM treatment, however. Three critically ill patients died shortly after receiving antibiotic treatment, from complications of LBRF that were present on admission to hospital. PMID- 6625066 TI - Transovarial transmission of dengue viruses by mosquitoes: Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti. AB - Transovarial transmission of all four dengue serotypes was demonstrated in Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. The rates of such transmission varied with the serotype and strain of virus. In general, the highest rates were observed with strains of dengue type 1 and the lowest with dengue type 3. Surprisingly, despite the use of viral strains of the four dengue serotypes which gave the highest rates with Ae. albopictus, transovarial transmission was observed in Aedes aegypti only with dengue type 1, and then only at a relatively low rate. Five different strains of Ae. aegypti were employed, including one that was known to be relatively susceptible to oral infection with dengue viruses. The findings support the view that Ae. aegypti, while of major importance from the point of view of transmission of dengue to man, may be relatively unimportant in the overall natural history of dengue viruses. PMID- 6625067 TI - Effect of temperature of extrinsic incubation on the vector competence of Culex tarsalis for western equine encephalomyelitis virus. AB - Culex tarsalis was a less competent vector of western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) virus after 2-3 weeks' extrinsic incubation at 32 degrees C than after incubation at 18 degrees or 25 degrees C. The high temperature itself was not directly detrimental to mosquito infection as all mosquitoes were initially infected, but subsequently some females were able to limit viral multiplication and/or dissemination. Elevated maintenance temperatures enhanced the expression of modulation, and elevated larval rearing temperatures selected for those females with this trait. This is the first report of an inverse relationship between temperature of extrinsic incubation within the range of 25 degrees-32 degrees C and vector competence of a mosquito for an arbovirus. PMID- 6625068 TI - Quantitation of La Crosse virus in venereally infected Aedes triseriatus. AB - The replication of two strains of La Crosse (LAC) virus, prototype and an unpassaged field isolate, was followed in intrathoracically inoculated male and venereally infected female Aedes triseriatus mosquitoes. The venereal infection rate following induced mating was 13.6% of 44 females inseminated by males inoculated with prototype virus, and 26.3% of 38 females inseminated by males inoculated with an unpassaged field strain. The males consistently contained concentrations of virus in reproductive tracts equal to or greater than those in salivary glands (SG). In contrast, venereally infected females generally contained the highest concentrations of virus in SG. Prototype LAC virus was demonstrable in nearly all organs of the infected females by 10 days following mating; the unpassaged field strain was detectable in all organ systems tested by day 6. There appeared to be no significant differences in replication between the prototype and field isolate viruses. PMID- 6625069 TI - Experimental infection of chipmunks and snowshoe hares with La Crosse and snowshoe hare viruses and four of their reassortants. AB - The infection of chipmunks (Tamias striatus), the vertebrate host of La Crosse (LAC) arbovirus, or snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus), the host of snowshoe hare (SSH) virus, was analyzed following subcutaneous inoculation with either LAC or SSH or certain LAC-SSH reassortant viruses. After inoculation, no adult hares or chipmunks developed signs of illness. Another reassortant, genotype LAC/LAC/SSH, has exhibited a marked inability to infect chipmunks and was avirulent for mice, probably because of a mutation in its L RNA segment. In chipmunks inoculated with reassortant viruses, neither the durations of viremias nor the maximum titers attained were demonstrably different from those found after inoculation with the parent LAC or SSH viruses. However, viruses with a SSH M RNA induced a higher viremia in snowshoe hares than viruses with a LAC M RNA. Also, the amount of virus needed to produce a detectable infection of chipmunks or hares was lower for viruses in which the M RNA came from the SSH parent than for those viruses having a LAC M RNA. Convalescent phase chipmunk and hare sera from animals infected with SSH virus or reassortant viruses having a SSH M RNA, neutralized parental SSH virus more effectively than did LAC virus. Conversely, the sera of animals infected with LAC virus or reassortants having a LAC M RNA, neutralized LAC virus more efficiently than did SSH virus. PMID- 6625070 TI - The effect of laboratory colonization on the vector-pathogen interactions of Egyptian Culex pipiens and Rift Valley fever virus. AB - Field and laboratory findings implicated Culex pipiens as a vector of Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus during the 1977-1978 epizootics/epidemics in Egypt. This study evaluated changes in infection and transmission rates, and viral titers in F1 through F16 generation Cx. pipiens mosquitoes orally infected with RVF virus. Infection and transmission rates of RVF virus by this species changed significantly during the colonization process. However, the ultimate viral titers of either the transmitting or the infected nontransmitting mosquitoes were not affected by the colonization process. Following ingestion of virus, Cx. pipiens could be separated into three distinct subpopulations, an uninfected group and two types of infected mosquitoes--transmitters and nontransmitters. Transmitters contained significantly more virus (approximately 100-fold) than nontransmitters. These results demonstrated that not every infected female mosquito should be considered a competent vector, even if the species (population) is known to be a primary vector. Transmission was also accomplished by probing mosquitoes which were unsuccessful in obtaining a blood meal. These data document the long-held suspicion that vector competence studies based upon laboratory-colonized specimens may not represent the field situation. PMID- 6625071 TI - Cambendazole in the treatment of human strongyloidiasis. AB - Cambendazole was used for the treatment of strongyloidiasis in 40 hospitalized patients, given in a single dose of 5 mg/kg body weight. According to the criteria adopted, parasitological cure was obtained in 100% of cases. Side effects were negligible, and did not require interruption of treatment. We therefore conclude that cambendazole is at present the most effective agent for the therapy of human strongyloidiasis. PMID- 6625072 TI - Human pulmonary granulomas caused by Chrysosporium parvum var. crescens (Emmonsia crescens). AB - Multiple lung nodules were found at autopsy of a 56-year-old man who died of unrelated cause. The nodules contained adiaspores which were identified as those of Chrysosporium parvum var. crescens. PMID- 6625073 TI - Rotavirus infection in Brazilian children with acute enteritis: a seasonal variation study. AB - Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and electron microscopy (EM) were utilized to investigate the presence of rotavirus in feces of 388 children with acute enteritis hospitalized at the Hospital Santa Casa de Misericordia in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The survey covered 12 months, beginning in July 1981. There were 162 rotavirus-positive cases (41.8%). During the period of the study rotavirus was detected throughout the year, but there was a striking seasonal variation (78.1% of cases) during January 1982. PMID- 6625074 TI - Cryptosporidiosis in hospital patients with gastroenteritis. AB - Among 884 hospital patients with gastroenteritis, 36 (4.1%) were excreting Cryptosporidium oocysts in their stools; only 5 of the 36 patients were also excreting other enteropathogens, while none of 320 hospital patients without gastroenteritis were excreting Cryptosporidium oocysts. Children were more commonly infected with Cryptosporidium (4.8%) than were adults (1.6%). The prevalence of infection was higher (7%) during the summer period of February-May 1981 than in the remainder of the observation period to the beginning of June 1982 (1.9%). The most common clinical manifestation of gastroenteritis in Cryptosporidium-infected patients was diarrhea, lasting from 3 to over 14 days, accompanied by vomiting, anorexia, and abdominal pain. The results show that a small proportion of patients with gastroenteritis are infected with Cryptosporidium, and the importance of the infection needs to be examined. PMID- 6625075 TI - Seroepidemiological survey of toxoplasmosis in La Guadeloupe, French West Indies. AB - A random survey of 1% of the total population of La Guadeloupe, French West Indies, for toxoplasmosis was carried out. Blood specimens from 3,238 individuals were collected on filter paper strips and tested for Toxoplasma antibodies by the fluorescent antibody technique. Sixty percent were positive. A gradual increase in positivity with increasing age, and high prevalence in children (50% in the 6- to 10-year age group) were observed. No differences were found among the different ethnic groups, nor among persons in different occupations. Economic status showed a highly negative correlation with antibody prevalence rates. The infection rate was not higher in individuals who consumed raw or undercooked meat, and no differences in antibody prevalence related to the sources of meat were observed. The seropositivity rates varied over a wide range (40-76%) according to the locality; higher Toxoplasma antibody rates were found in areas with higher rainfall, and toxoplasmosis prevalence rates correlated positively with mean annual rainfall but not with altitude or with rural or urban residence. A significant difference was observed between seropositivity rates when people living in houses with or without cats were compared. A higher prevalence of hookworm and Strongyloides infections--considered as evidence of closer contact with moist soil--were found in children with Toxoplasma antibodies than in age adjusted control children without such antibodies. These results provide evidence that meat plays a negligible role in the transmission of Toxoplasma to man, and support the hypothesis that oocysts shed in cat feces are the almost exclusive mode of human infection in Guadeloupe. PMID- 6625076 TI - Infection and replication of Leishmania tropica in mouse peritoneal macrophages elicited by sterile inflammatory agents and BCG. AB - C3HeB/FeJ peritoneal exudate macrophages elicited with a variety of sterile inflammatory agents or with Mycobacterium bovis strain BCG were exposed to Leishmania tropica amastigotes in vitro. The percentages of L. tropica-infected macrophages were similar in resident and inflammatory macrophage populations over 72 hours in culture. Inflammatory macrophages supported intracellular replication of L. tropica in excess of that by resident macrophages. These macrophages also failed to demonstrate cytotoxicity to tumor cells in vitro, a defined nonspecific effector function of activated macrophages. However, macrophages from BCG-treated mice were significantly more resistant to initial infection with L. tropica, killed intracellular amastigotes by 72 hours in culture and were cytotoxic to tumor cells, indicating full immunologic activation. The inability of inflammatory macrophages to kill L. tropica parasites suggests that inflammation may actually contribute to the pathogenesis of leishmaniasis. PMID- 6625077 TI - Treatment of trichinosis with mebendazole. AB - Prolonged oral high-dose mebendazole therapy provided an effective anthelmintic regimen for trichinosis unresponsive to steroid therapy in one patient. Side effects were limited to a Herxheimer-like reaction. Serum mebendazole levels documented gastrointestinal absorption. Repeat muscle biopsies and fluorescein angiography substantiated objective improvement. PMID- 6625078 TI - Albendazole, an effective single dose, broad spectrum anthelmintic drug. AB - Albendazole, a new anthelmintic drug was evaluated in Malaysia in 91 patients, with single or mixed infections of Ascaris, Trichuris, and hookworm. Albendazole was administered as a single dose of 400 mg, 600 mg, or 800 mg. The cure rate for Ascaris at all three doses was 100% at days 14 and 21 post-treatment; for hookworm it was 98.8%, 100% and 98%, respectively, at day 14 and 68.8%, 100% and 84%, respectively, at day 21; for Trichuris it was 31.2%, 57.1% and 42.3%, respectively, at day 14 and 27.3%, 60.9% and 48.0%, respectively, at day 21. The egg reduction rate at day 21 was 100% at all three doses for Ascaris, 94.5%, 100% and 96.1%, respectively, for hookworm; and 39.2%, 85.1% and 72.8%, respectively, for Trichuris. There were no side effects, and biochemical examination of blood and urine did not indicate any unfavourable changes. Based on this trial, the recommended dosage for Ascaris and hookworm is a 400 mg single dose, and for Trichuris is a 600 mg single dose. Albendazole appears to be more effective than other available anthelmintic drugs. PMID- 6625079 TI - Cellular responses in human strongyloidiasis. AB - Peripheral lymphocytes from 16 patients with chronic uncomplicated strongyloidiasis and 15 non-infected controls were stimulated in vitro with Strongyloides stercoralis larval antigens, other non-parasite antigens and the T cell mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA). In the presence of autologous plasma the patients' responses to Strongyloides antigens were similar to those of controls. When lymphocytes from nine patients were cultured in the presence of normal human serum, responses to parasite antigens were enhanced, while responses to other antigens and to PHA were unaffected. Lymphoproliferative responses to PHA were significantly lower in the patients' group than in the controls. These findings suggest that in chronic strongyloidiasis, in addition to a depression of T cell activity, factors are present in the patients' serum that inhibit parasite specific cellular responses in vitro. PMID- 6625080 TI - Mammomonogamus infection in a human. Report of a case. AB - Infection of humans by Mammomonogamus is rare, with approximately 80 cases reported in the literature. When present in man, the worms cause violent coughing until their removal. The diagnosis of Mammomonogamus infection in the past has been based on morphologic characteristics of intact adults. We report a case diagnosed by features of the worms in histologic section. PMID- 6625081 TI - Pinworm prevalence in California elementary school children, and diagnostic methods. AB - The pinworm prevalence among 302 children tested in 1980 in five Southern California elementary schools was determined to be 11.6%. The range was 7.3 15.4%. In a 1982 study involving 158 children in six schools, the prevalence was 21.6% (range 11.1-38.9%). The results of these studies are compared with those of a similar prevalence study done in the same area and in some of the same schools during the 5-year period 1960-1964. The prevalence for the earlier period, involving 700 children in six schools, was 34.6%, and ranged from 29.2-43.0%. A new, flexible, plastic pinworm slide was used in the 1980 and the 1982 studies. In the 1982 study, this diagnostic method was evaluated and compared for efficiency and use against the standard cellulose tape/glass slide. The two are equally effective in picking up eggs, and in reading quality. The plastic slide is easier to use and does not break. PMID- 6625083 TI - Papers of the Society of Head and Neck Surgeons. 29th annual meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana, May 4-7, 1983. PMID- 6625082 TI - Constitution and By-Laws of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. PMID- 6625084 TI - Head and neck cancer: the ideal stalking-horse for solid tumors. PMID- 6625085 TI - Changes in head and neck surgery. PMID- 6625086 TI - Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: results of treatment over a 27 year period, 1950 through 1977. AB - In a retrospective study, 107 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx were reviewed. One hundred six patients were treated primarily by radiation therapy and only one by surgery. The overall 5 year survival rate free of disease was 29 percent. Possible prognostic factors of age, sex, cancer stage, histopathology, and treatment were studied. The younger patients did significantly better. Patient's sex and clinical stage were not significant factors in this study. The patients with lymphoepitheliomas, anaplastic carcinomas, and those with poorly differentiated cell types did significantly better than those with more differentiated lesions. Fifty-five patients received irradiation therapy of 6,000 rads by external ports alone, and 51 patients received radiation therapy of 6,000 rads by external ports supplemented by 1,500 rads using an intracavitary radium applicator. The higher survival rate with the use of the supplementary dosage was only suggestively significant. PMID- 6625087 TI - Value of contralateral supraomohyoid neck dissections. AB - This study was carried out to determine the merit of contralateral supraomohyoid neck dissection in the clinically negative neck. When performed in conjunction with a standard radical neck dissection on the ipsilateral side, a yield of 2.8 percent pathologically positive nodes (5 of 177) was obtained in the contralateral neck. Little difference was noted in the yield of midline lesions versus unilateral lesions which approached the midline (3 and 2.6 percent, respectively). Similarly, the yield with preoperative radiation was close to that of the nonradiated group (3 and 2.7 percent, respectively). Additionally, in 1.7 percent of patients (3 of 177) with both clinically and pathologically negative nodes, metastases later developed in the contralateral neck, which indicates that the dissection is not necessarily effective in preventing future disease. The contralateral supraomohyoid neck dissection in the treatment of malignancies of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx does not appear to be of significant therapeutic value. PMID- 6625088 TI - Cervical node metastasis of occult origin. AB - This study reviewed a 12 year experience with 132 patients who were treated for metastatic carcinoma of the cervical lymph nodes with no apparent primary tumor. Using radical neck dissection as the main treatment modality, a 5 year survival of 50 percent was achieved in 79 patients with epidermoid carcinoma. Survival varied significantly depending on the extent of the tumor in the neck. It was 74 percent in those with stage N1 disease compared with 41 percent in patients with N2 or N3 disease. Recurrence in the neck, the major reason for treatment failure, can probably be reduced by more aggressive use of adjunctive radiotherapy. Primary tumors were identified after therapy in only 15 percent of these patients, and this appeared to have relatively little impact on the outcome. Irradiation and chemotherapy were the preferred treatment modalities in 29 patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of occult origin. All but one patient died within 29 months. A 53 percent 5 year survival was achieved in 13 patients with anaplastic or undifferentiated carcinoma. Radical neck dissection was employed in 11 patients with melanoma. No primary tumor was ever identified in this group and only one patient remained alive and well after 5 years. PMID- 6625089 TI - Squamous carcinoma of the external ear. AB - The medical records of 486 patients with pathologically proved squamous carcinoma of the skin of the external ear were analyzed. It is a disease of elderly white men, and the helix is the most common site of origin. Well-differentiated squamous carcinoma is the most frequent histologic variant. Ninety-five percent of our patients were treated surgically with above-clavical control in 87 percent and 28 percent survival. The low survival rate was related to the old age of the patients who frequently died of intercurrent disease and second cancers. A 12 percent incidence of nodal metastases is comparable with the incidence reported in other series. Aggressive surgical ablation and the selected use of adjunctive postoperative irradiation appear justified in those patients with locally invasive tumors, multiple nodal metastases, and extracapsular invasion. PMID- 6625090 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: a comparison of the anterior two thirds of the tongue with its base. AB - A retrospective analysis of 176 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue has been reported. The tongue base and mobile tongue, believed to behave as two clinically distinct anatomic areas, have been compared and contrasted. Women comprised 25 percent of the patients with tumors of the base of the tongue and 45 percent of those with mobile tongue lesions, an increase over previous reports for both locations. The majority of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue base (77 percent) presented with advanced (stage III or IV) lesions at time of initial clinical and diagnostic staging, compared with only 33 percent of those with cancer of the mobile tongue. There was no significant difference in survival between the two locations when survival rates were compared stage by stage. The decreased overall survival frequently reported for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue base compared with the survival for patients with tumors of the mobile tongue may be due to the disproportionately high number of patients with cancer of the tongue base who present with advanced disease. Survival rates have not significantly improved when compared with other retrospective series reported in the past 40 years. We strongly urge the development of intercenter, multidisciplinary, cooperative, prospective, protocols to assess combinations of currently accepted therapeutic modalities in the hope of improving treatment of this devastating disease. PMID- 6625091 TI - Mandibular reconstruction in irradiated patients utilizing myosseous-cutaneous flaps. AB - Myosseous-cutaneous flaps were used for mandibular reconstruction in 16 irradiated patients. Three of six sternomastoid-clavicle flaps failed (all in conjunction with a neck dissection), as did one of 10 pectoralis major-anterior fifth rib flaps. One trapezius-scapular flap was used and it succeeded. We found the blood supply of the sternomastoid-clavicle flap too tenuous for use in conjunction with a neck dissection. The trapezius-scapular flap had too short an arc of rotation to be used for defects other than those in the horizontal ramus. In addition, this flap required a change of position and created an undesirable functional deformity. The pectoralis major-fifth rib flap, in contrast, could be used for a variety of defects, in conjunction with a neck dissection, and did not require a change of position during operation. We found it to be the most versatile and dependable of the flaps employed in this series. PMID- 6625092 TI - The pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in head and neck reconstruction. Analysis of complications. AB - Sixty-seven patients underwent 73 pectoralis major myocutaneous flap procedures for the immediate reconstruction of defects after resection of head and neck cancers. Thirty-six patients experienced a total of 50 complications for an overall complication rate of 54 percent. There were 3 instances of total flap necrosis, 9 of partial flap necrosis, 12 orocutaneous fistulas, 9 suture line separations, 8 neck wound complications, 1 donor site complication, and 8 mandibular replacement complications. Most complications were minor and did not require a second procedure for correction; however, 36 percent did require a second operation. Eight of 10 patients in whom a metal appliance was placed to restore mandibular continuity required the removal of that appliance due to either flap necrosis, fistula formation, or exposure. Based on our experience, we conclude that attention to flap design, operative technique, and post-operative management were useful in reducing the incidence of complications. We also conclude that a metal appliance was an unsatisfactory means of restoring mandibular continuity when utilized beneath a pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. Although the overall incidence of complications was high, the actual incidence of flaps failing to accomplish their intended purpose and requiring secondary repair was acceptable. The pectoralis major myocutaneous flap was reliable in the reconstruction of defects in the head and neck region. PMID- 6625093 TI - Reconstruction after total or subtotal glossectomy. AB - Total or subtotal resection of the tongue for malignant lesions creates difficult reconstructive problems. Though the introduction of myocutaneous flaps revolutionized the reconstruction of the oral cavity, most patients with total and subtotal (more than 75 percent) glossectomy require laryngectomy as a concommittant or subsequent procedure to prevent persistant aspiration. Two groups of patients have been compared in this study. Group I consisted of 10 patients in whom an attempt was made to preserve voice with a total (4 patients) or subtotal (6 patients) glossectomy without laryngectomy. To decrease the chance of aspiration, the tip of the epiglottis was sutured to the posterior pharyngeal wall (epiglottopexy). This additional surgical step allowed swallowing without aspiration by blocking the glottic entrance. Group II consisted of six patients who underwent total glossectomy and laryngectomy. They had reconstruction with a pectoralis myocutaneous flap in one stage. These patients were rehabilitated without any major morbidity and they resumed an oral diet within 3 weeks after surgery. The muscle bulk of the flap and the additional protection of the airway by epiglottopexy in Group I were the keys to successful reconstruction. PMID- 6625094 TI - The facial nerve in parotid malignancy. AB - A retrospective study of patients with parotid malignancies who received their primary definitive treatment at the Mayo Clinic was carried out with respect to the effect of sparing the facial nerve. On the basis of this study, it appears that sparing the facial nerve in malignant tumors is reasonable when the tumors are less than 3 cm in size, the exception being when the nerve penetrates the tumor. A more radical approach is necessary for larger tumors. The place of adjunctive radiation therapy is unclear at the present time. PMID- 6625095 TI - Nonrecurrent inferior laryngeal nerves and their association with a recurrent branch. AB - Seven cases of nonrecurrent inferior laryngeal nerves have been presented from a review of 1,000 consecutive thyroidectomies over a 20 year period. In two of these seven cases, both a nonrecurrent nerve and an additional recurrent branch were present on the right side. This double nerve presentation has not been described before. Unless one is aware of this possibility, one might inadvertently injure the major nonrecurrent trunk, having identified only a small recurrent branch. We emphasize the need for a complete nerve identification technique. PMID- 6625096 TI - Changing the operative strategy for thyroid cancer by node sampling. AB - One hundred fifty patients underwent thyroid surgery from 1979 to 1981, of whom 48 showed cancer for a 32 percent rate. In eight patients (16 percent), obvious clinical nodal disease was treated with modified neck dissection. Of the remaining 40 patients, internal jugular node sampling was carried out in 33, and revealed microscopic metastatic cancer in 12 patients who then underwent appropriate neck dissection. Node sampling increased our yield of nodal metastases from 16 to 42 percent, permitted one-hospitalization treatment, and afforded our patients the possibility of complete cancer control and prevention of the emergence of future recurrent disease. It is recommended that node sampling be incorporated into the operative strategy for thyroid cancer to permit intelligent selection of patients for modified neck dissection. PMID- 6625097 TI - Total glossectomy. AB - Forty-five patients had a "total" glossectomy for initial advanced tongue carcinoma or for recurrent carcinoma. Forty percent of the patients (18) had a total laryngectomy at the time of glossectomy. Forty-nine percent of the patients (22) had either a lateral or anterior mandibulectomy at the time of glossectomy. Seventy-one percent of the patients (15 of 21) who had an intact larynx and 12.5 percent who had laryngectomy (3 of 24) had some degree of useful speech. Thirty one percent of the patients (14 of 45) had no problems in deglutition whereas 53 percent of the patients (24) needed a nasogastric tube, 4 patients inserted the feeding tube themselves, 2 had a cervical esophagostomy, and 1 had a special prosthesis for feeding purposes. Thirty-seven percent of the patients (10 of 27) had considerable aspiration problems. Twenty-two percent (6 patients) needed a laryngectomy, and 7.5 percent (2 patients) needed a cervical esophagostomy to prevent further problems. Seven and one-half percent of the patients (2) succumbed to serious pulmonary infection. In this study, total glossectomy had a salvage rate of 65 percent at 6 months postoperatively, 27.5 percent at 1 year, 25 percent at 2 years, 25 percent at 3 years, 20 percent at 5 years, and 10 percent at 10 years. PMID- 6625099 TI - Functional evaluation of the spinal accessory nerve after neck dissection. AB - The pain and dysfunction associated with a loss of innervation by the spinal accessory nerve has motivated surgeons to modify the classic radical neck dissection. A prospective study of 109 patients who underwent either a radical neck dissection or a modification of it with preservation of the spinal accessory nerve revealed that those patients in whom the nerve, muscle, and vein were preserved had less dysfunction (30 percent) than those with nerve preservation only (50 percent) or classic radical neck dissection (60 percent). In addition, even when the functional disability was the same, there was less associated pain with nerve-sparing procedures. Furthermore, a large group of patients (40 percent) who underwent classic radical neck dissection had minimal disability. Given these results, a prospective study of recurrence data in these patients is indicated. PMID- 6625098 TI - Natural history and management of keratosis, atypia, carcinoma-in situ, and microinvasive cancer of the larynx. AB - Keratosis, atypia, carcinoma in situ, and microinvasive cancer occurring as white or red patches on the vocal cords are part of the diathesis of cancer of the aerodigestive tract and represented a sequential continuum. Excisional biopsy is the preferred treatment for identification and potential cure of the lesion. If the margins of excision are inadequate, further treatment options are either reexcision or radiotherapy. Radiotherapy should be used only when the need for voice conservation prevails. Cessation of smoking does not remove the potential for progression of the disease, therefore, all patients must be followed indefinitely. Excisional biopsy of keratosis, carcinoma in situ, and microinvasive cancer of the larynx offers an excellent prognosis for voice preservation and survival. PMID- 6625100 TI - Major complications of radiotherapy in cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx. A 10 year retrospective study. AB - In an attempt to determine the late effects and associated morbidity of radiotherapy on normal tissue, patients with squamous carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx were retrospectively reviewed. Between 1964 and 1975, 569 patients with cancer of the floor of the mouth, oral tongue, tonsil, and retromolar trigone region of the anterior faucial pillar had their primary lesions treated by radiotherapy alone for cure. One hundred twenty-eight of the patients were evaluable for this study. Bone and soft tissue morbidity were graded according to the late radiation scoring scheme of the radiation therapy oncology group of the European Organization on Research and Treatment of Cancer, tallying only grade 4 changes. Patients were further classified according to site of tumor, age, sex, tumor stage, histologic grade, and dental status--none of which had a positive correlation with complications. Of 31 evaluable patients with cancer of the floor of the mouth (median follow-up 136 months), 71 percent (22 of 31 patients) had at least one complication involving bone (osteonecrosis, pathologic fracture) or mucus membrane (ulcer). Sixty-one percent (25 of 41 patients) with primary cancer of the oral tongue had grade 4 sequelae (median follow-up 112 months). In 26 patients with cancer of the tonsil, 13 (50 percent) had grade 4 sequelae (median follow-up 113 months). This included 11 patients with clinical and radiographic evidence of osteonecrosis, 6 of whom required mandibulectomy. Patients with cancer of the retromolar trigone region of the anterior faucial pillar fared the best (median follow-up 122 months). Late sequelae were noted in 40 percent (12 of 30 patients). The morbidity attendant to cure by radiotherapy included at least one significant complication of bone or soft tissue in 40 to 70 percent of the patients, depending on the location of the primary tumor. There was also a positive correlation with dose of radiation received. PMID- 6625101 TI - Clinical problems in chemosensory disturbances. AB - The clinical evaluation of patients with disorders of smell and taste has been hampered by difficulties in stimulus control and response measurement. These senses play a crucial role in food selection and enjoyment and in avoidance of danger, and they deserve the attention of the otolaryngologist as much as audition and vestibular function do. The definition of the degree of disability should be based on psychophysical measures rather than the patient's complaint. An anatomic diagnosis may facilitate the etiologic diagnosis, and it is important to attempt to differentiate transport abnormalities from sensorineural deficits, and receptor deficits from neural deficits. The common causes of smell and taste abnormalities are listed. Selected current work in the field with immediate clinical relevance is reviewed, and opportunities for basic studies that may provide needed data to improve the diagnostic evaluation of patients and to suggest therapeutic strategies for clinical trials are briefly discussed. These areas of study can be pursued with currently available technology. PMID- 6625102 TI - The human uses of olfaction. AB - The sense of smell may be important as an arousal system that calls attention to significant environmental events, air quality, and food. Humans share with animals an ability to store odor memories. The consequences of these memories include odor preferences and food aversions. Olfactory pheromones involved in sexual behavior have been observed in animals, but their existence in humans has not been proved. PMID- 6625103 TI - Clinical evaluation of olfaction. AB - An odor identification test and an odor threshold test offered satisfactory quantitative information on olfactory function in patients with chemosensory complaints. The threshold test used various concentrations of butanol presented in an ascending sequence. On each trial, the participant had to choose between stimulus and blank (two-alternative forced-choice procedure). The identification test used common odorous items (e.g., baby powder and ground coffee) and pungent items (e.g., ammonia) to test trigeminal function. A list of odor names and use of corrective feedback during testing overcame word-finding difficulty in odor identification. Each test readily distinguished between patients and control subjects. At present, a score that reflects the combined outcome of the tests is used to indicate five categories of functioning: normal osmesis, mild hyposmia, moderate hyposmia, severe hyposmia, and anosmia. PMID- 6625104 TI - Clinical evaluation of taste. AB - Partial loss of taste function can take a variety of forms. Losses can be specific to one taste quality or to one tongue locus. In addition, the shapes of psychophysical functions can be altered so that taste intensity no longer grows normally with concentration. Magnitude matching, an efficient psychophysical scaling method (based on magnitude estimation of stimuli from two sensory continua), can provide a relatively quick assessment of a patient's ability to taste the four taste qualities--sweet, salty, sour, and bitter. When taste intensity and loudness are scaled in the same session, a person with normal hearing who has taste loss will match taste intensities to abnormally weak sounds. Spatial losses are detected by placing pieces of filter paper soaked in taste solutions on specific tongue loci. Dysgeusia, the presence of a chronic taste in the mouth, can result from abnormal substances in the mouth (e.g., via saliva or from poor oral hygiene) or can reflect disorders of the central nervous system. PMID- 6625106 TI - Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy: remission with chemotherapy. AB - A case of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML) is reported, in which the patient had severe life-threatening complications resulting from SHML. The disease process was extensive involving the respiratory tract, skeleton, integument, orbit and eyelid, uveal tract, and the lymphatic system. Treatment with cytotoxic agents (chlorambucil, prednisone) resulted in resolution of the airway obstruction and was effective in managing these severe complications with minimal observed toxicity. PMID- 6625105 TI - Transmission of cerebrospinal fluid pressure via the cochlear aqueduct and endolymphatic sac. AB - The concept of perilymphatic and endolymphatic pressure balance is generally linked to the theory that the endolymphatic sac transmits cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure changes to the endolymph to equalize CSF pressure changes transmitted to the perilymph via the cochlear aqueduct. This theory, and the significance of other mechanisms of CSF pressure influence on the labyrinth, were evaluated experimentally. Continuous measurements of perilymphatic, CSF, venous, and arterial pressures were performed on cats with the cochlear aqueduct patent or obstructed and the inferior cochlear vein intact or occluded. Intracranial pressure changes were induced by subarachnoid infusion of artificial CSF in live and dead animals. With the cochlear aqueduct patent, CSF pressure changes were transmitted to the perilymph without any significant dampening or time lag. With the cochlear aqueduct obstructed, CSF pressure changes induced significantly lower and delayed changes in perilymphatic pressure. Similar results were obtained whether the animals were alive or dead and the cochlear vein intact or blocked. This indicated a passive mechanism not induced by changes in labyrinthine fluid production or blood flow. Long-standing, stable elevation of CSF pressure with the cochlear aqueduct blocked induced a slowly increasing perilymphatic pressure, always stabilizing at a pressure rise significantly less than that of CSF. The results do not suggest any major pressure transfer via perineural or perivascular routes. The endolymphatic sac is postulated to mediate a reduced and delayed transfer of increased intracranial pressure to the labyrinth. PMID- 6625108 TI - Sickle Lepore hemoglobin identified in a black American infant. AB - An integrated newborn infant screening, follow-up testing, and counseling service for hemoglobinopathies creates opportunity for early medical management of disease processes, assistance to parents in developing coping strategies, and educational counseling about recurrence risks in subsequent pregnancies. These objectives were operative in a case of sickle Lepore hemoglobin identified through a newborn infant screening service. The initial screening test was reported as Hb AS. Follow-up electrophoresis on cellulose acetate was compatible with Hb SS, but in citrate acid agar gel there were major and minor zones of S and A mobility, respectively. This and other hematologic parameters in both the child and his father were compatible with a sickle Lepore phenotype. This was supported by a tryptic peptide map of the purified variant hemoglobin from the father. Without a follow-up testing and counseling service, this case would probably have been missed until manifestation of clinical phenotype. PMID- 6625107 TI - Patterns of Hodgkin's disease at diagnosis in young children. AB - A retrospective analysis of 125 consecutive cases of Hodgkin's disease, seen at a pediatric institution, was conducted and 28 patients under the age of 7 years (young children) were selected for comparison with a control population, aged 7 or more years. Male to female ratios were: young children, 4.6:1 vs. 1.2:1 for the controls. Symptoms at diagnosis were present in 20% of patients under age 7 and in 42% of the others. Limited Hodgkin's disease (stages I and IIA) was found in 57% of young children and in 33% of the controls, while advanced disease (stages IIIB and IV) was diagnosed in 12% of young children and in 38% of the others. Histologic types differed as follows: the young group--lymphocyte predominance (LP) 21%, nodular sclerosis (NS) 50%, mixed cellularity (MC) 29%, and lymphocyte depletion (LD) 5%, vs. the controls--LP 5%, NS 73%, MC 17%, and LD 5%. Hodgkin's disease in the young child differs from that in older populations and appears to have a favorable distribution of prognostic criteria. PMID- 6625109 TI - Late recurrence of neuroblastoma: a reason for prolonged follow-up? PMID- 6625110 TI - Splenectomy for trauma in children: risks and alternatives. AB - The problem of postsplenectomy sepsis in children who have had splenectomy secondary to trauma is reviewed. Alternatives to splenectomy should be considered when appropriate. Pneumococcal vaccination and the use of prophylactic antibiotics are necessary if splenectomy is unavoidable. PMID- 6625111 TI - Lung nodules after whole lung radiation. AB - It is essential to recognize radiation pneumonitis after whole lung irradiation, or nodular changes in response to chemotherapy, so that such conditions are not mistaken for tumor metastases, causing grave error in patient management and the possibility of further lung damage. PMID- 6625112 TI - Thyroid neoplasm after high-dose radiotherapy. AB - A female patient is described who developed papillary-follicular carcinoma of the thyroid 8 years after receiving high-dose external radiotherapy to the head and neck. This malignant neoplasm developed while she was taking suppressive doses of thyroid medication. Although it has long been thought that high-dose radiotherapy is not associated with the occurrence of thyroid tumor, it is becoming increasingly apparent that this concept is not necessarily true. Clinicians should be aware of the possible sequelae of neoplastic thyroid disease after any amount of external radiotherapy to the head and neck. Careful periodic follow-up of patients who have received such treatment is strongly advised. PMID- 6625113 TI - Shave biopsies: the good and right, the bad and wrong. PMID- 6625114 TI - Impetigo herpetiformis and pustular psoriasis during pregnancy. AB - Impetigo herpetiformis and pustular psoriasis during pregnancy are distinct diseases. Pustular psoriasis during pregnancy is indistinguishable clinically, genetically, and histologically from pustular psoriasis in women who are not pregnant. Impetigo herpetiformis is not a heritable disorder and is not found particularly in persons with a personal or family history of psoriasis. Histologically in impetigo herpetiformis there are many large mononuclear cells in the dermis and in epidermal pustules. Proliferation of these mononuclear cells in the dermis is intense. PMID- 6625116 TI - Collagenous papules on the aural conchae. AB - Four cases of a new entity characterized by papules that are smooth in surface and unchanged in color on the aural conchae are reported. Histologically they are characterized by sclerotic and hyalinized masses within thickened dermis and by special stains and electron microscopy are revealed to consist of altered collagen. PMID- 6625115 TI - Aggressive basal cell epithelioma on sunlight-protected skin. Report of eight cases, one with pulmonary and bone metastases. AB - This report concerns a series of eight patients with large basal cell epitheliomas that occurred on sunlight-protected areas of the trunk. Histologically, the neoplasms exhibited highly "invasive" features and were complicated by recurrences. Five years after removal of one of the neoplasms by surgical excision, regional lymphatic metastasis occurred. This was followed by distant metastases to the lung and pelvic bone. PMID- 6625117 TI - The "oil drop" sign of psoriatic nails. A clinical finding specific for psoriasis. PMID- 6625118 TI - Fatal, penicillin-induced, generalized, postinflammatory elastolysis (cutis laxa). AB - A 13-year-old boy received penicillin for influenza and otitis media. Within days of taking this medication, he developed recurrent edema of the face and a generalized urticarial eruption which waxed and waned. The salient and unusual features of this person's disease were: 1) A senile appearance of his face with flaccid folds and sagging of the skin. Histopathologic findings were dense dermal inflammatory-cell infiltrates with numerous eosinophils and destruction of elastic fibers. Findings by electron microscopy were fragmentation and clumping of elastic fibers and accumulation of granular material in the dermis. 2) Dermatitis herpetiformis-like cutaneous lesions and gluten-sensitive enteropathy. 3) Elastolysis increased in time and led to further deterioration of the patient's physical appearance. Six years later, the patient developed severe internal manifestations and died. We assume that the inflammatory-cell infiltrates and prolonged edema following therapy with penicillin caused the dissolution of elastic tissue and resultant systemic elastolysis. PMID- 6625119 TI - Coexistence of Castleman's disease and Kaposi's sarcoma. Report of a case and a speculation. AB - A case report of multicentric Castleman's disease associated with Kaposi's sarcoma is presented. Histologic examinations of cutaneous lesions and of an axillary lymph node were made. The cutaneous lesions showed Kaposi's sarcoma and a lymph node revealed Castleman's disease and foci of spindle cells characteristic of Kaposi's sarcoma. The association of Castleman's disease and Kaposi's sarcoma appears too frequently to be due to chance alone. We speculate that these two entities may reflect different tissue reactions to the same causative agent. PMID- 6625120 TI - Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet's syndrome) in a patient with hairy cell leukemia. AB - A case of hairy-cell leukemia that started with cutaneous lesions similar to those of acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet's syndrome) is reported. The patient had leukopenia and a recurrent eruption for a year prior to the diagnosis of the hematologic disorder. Bone marrow examination eventually demonstrated characteristic "hairy" cells with tartrate-resistant, acid phosphatase activity. Biopsy of a cutaneous lesion suggested an abscess showing a dense neutrophilic dermal infiltrate with perivascular predilection. The findings of IgA, IgM, C3, and fibrinogen in vessel walls by immunofluorescence and vascular disruption by electron microscopy contribute additional evidence for an immunologic determinant in this instance of Sweet's syndrome. It is known that neutrophilic infiltrates of Sweet's syndrome may have a variety of clinical presentations. This is the second case of hairy-cell leukemia with which Sweet's syndrome was associated. PMID- 6625121 TI - Congenital multiple fibromatosis. AB - We present a case of congenital multiple fibromatosis to illustrate its characteristic clinical and histopathologic features. The importance of recognizing this disorder is emphasized because of its special clinical behavior and prognosis. PMID- 6625122 TI - Calling malignant melanoma in situ what it is. Finding from a recent survey may make this possible. PMID- 6625123 TI - Does follicular spongiosis result from scratching? PMID- 6625124 TI - A clinical and immunological study of allergy to hen's egg white. VI. Occurrence of proteins cross-reacting with allergens in hen's egg white as studied in egg white from turkey, duck, goose, seagull, and in hen egg yolk, and hen and chicken sera and flesh. AB - The occurrence of proteins cross-reacting with allergens in hen's egg white was studied in turkey, duck, goose and seagull egg whites, in hen egg yolk, and in hen and chicken sera and flesh. The study was based upon quantitative immunoelectrophoretic techniques. The different egg whites were all found to contain proteins cross-reacting with most of the allergens in hen's egg white, but the degree of cross-reactivity varied considerably among the various egg whites. All egg whites contained proteins able to bind human IgE-antibody in the sera of patients with allergy to hen's egg white. Several proteins cross-reacting with allergens in hen's egg white were also detected in egg yolk and in hen and chicken sera and flesh. Clinical implications of the results are discussed. PMID- 6625126 TI - [Facial malignant midline granuloma]. PMID- 6625125 TI - Leukotriene D4 induces bronchoconstriction in man. AB - The effect of leukotriene D4 (LTD4) on lung function was investigated in a controlled study on four normal subjects. A pronounced decrease in airflow was found after inhalation of less than 0.5 nmol, and was most pronounced in the variables generally accepted as indicators of the function of the small airways. No subjective symptoms were experienced. PMID- 6625127 TI - [Comments on abbreviations in otorhinolaryngology]. PMID- 6625128 TI - [Evaluation of impedance tube tests in the closed tympanum]. PMID- 6625129 TI - [Malignant melanoma of the nasal cavities]. PMID- 6625130 TI - [The ossicular chain in otorrheas and their sequelae]. PMID- 6625131 TI - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: new methods or improved training? PMID- 6625132 TI - Anaesthesia in the morbidly obese. A comparison of anaesthetic and analgesic regimens for upper abdominal surgery. AB - Seventy morbidly obese patients presented for upper abdominal surgery; 17% had pre-existing cardiovascular disease and 23% pre-existing respiratory disease. Twenty-eight patients received general anaesthesia, plus narcotic analgesia postoperatively, and 42 general anaesthesia plus thoracic epidural analgesia intra- and postoperatively. Aspects of anaesthetic management are discussed and compared with previous similar reports. Doses of local anaesthetic for induction of epidural analgesia were less than those for the non-obese but doses of local anaesthetic for maintenance of epidural analgesia were similar to those in non obese patients. Patients who had thoracic epidural analgesia required less volatile anaesthesia than the group who had general anaesthesia and narcotic analgesics. Postoperative respiratory complications were more common in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular and respiratory disease, and occurred less frequently in patients who had thoracic epidural analgesia. PMID- 6625133 TI - Penile block for circumcision? A comparison with caudal blockade. AB - A prospective blind trial was conducted comparing the analgesia and adverse effects produced by caudal extradural blockade (caudal block) with blockade of the dorsal nerves of the penis (penile block) in 38 boys undergoing elective circumcision. Analgesia was assessed by senior nurses using a linear analogue scale and by the response to direct questioning over the first 7 hours after surgery. The degree and duration of postoperative analgesia was similar in the two groups. However, the caudal block group had a higher incidence of motor blockade (p = less than 0.01). One technical failure occurred in the penile block group. It is concluded that a penile block is a satisfactory alternative to caudal blockade with regard to postoperative analgesia and offers several specific advantages. PMID- 6625134 TI - Lignocaine pretreatment for suxamethonium. A clinicobiochemical study. AB - Lignocaine pretreatment (2 mg/kg) significantly restricted the increase in serum potassium and decrease in serum calcium caused by suxamethonium. Suxamethonium muscle pains occurred in only 8% of patients who received lignocaine just before induction of anaesthesia. The incidence of muscle pains was 45% in those patients who were not given lignocaine. PMID- 6625135 TI - Grading of pain and anxiety. Comparison between a linear analogue and a computerised audiovisual analogue scale. AB - Comparison of a linear analogue scale on paper and a computerised audiovisual analogue scale presented on a visual display unit is described. Pain was assessed postoperatively in 109 patients and anxiety pre-operatively in 146 patients. Results show a strong correlation between gradings obtained using the two methods, indicating the computerised method is as reliable as the conventional one. PMID- 6625136 TI - Quantitative effects of respired helium and oxygen mixtures on gas flow using conventional oxygen masks. AB - A model lung system with a variable artificial constriction was used to quantify the changes in flow produced by the addition of helium to the gas mixture in the system. The tracheal concentration of helium obtained when administering 79% helium/21% oxygen to the system via conventional, disposable face masks was determined using a resuscitation dummy. The greatest proportion of the increase in flow through the orifice occurred at concentrations of helium up to 40%. A tracheal concentration of 40% helium could be obtained with all oxygen masks at fresh gas flow rates greater than 8 litres/minute. These findings will help to rationalise the administration of 79% helium/21% oxygen to patients with upper respiratory tract obstruction. PMID- 6625137 TI - Oculocardiac reflex from the empty orbit. AB - Two cases of profound bradycardia (one progressing to asystole) during orbital surgery where the relevant eye had been removed years earlier are reported. Cessation of stimulation was followed by recovery of heart rate. Intravenous atropine prevented further bradycardia. PMID- 6625138 TI - Phantom limb pain during spinal anaesthesia. Recurrence in amputees. AB - Phantom limb pain following amputation is a well known but comparatively rare phenomenon. Spinal anaesthesia in amputees may cause reappearance of phantom pain in previously pain-free patients despite complete sensory analgesia. Two such cases are described. PMID- 6625139 TI - Cardiomyopathy and phaeochromocytoma. AB - A case is presented of phaeochromocytoma with catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy. The difficulties in the management when left ventricular failure occurred are reported and the importance of monitoring pulmonary artery pressure during the anaesthetic procedure is stressed. PMID- 6625140 TI - Oesophageal multipurpose monitoring probe. AB - An oesophageal probe which incorporates facilities for pressure, temperature, electrocardiographic and stethoscopic monitoring is described. Actual and potential uses are outlined. PMID- 6625141 TI - Techniques of tracheostomy for intensive care unit patients. AB - The author and his colleagues believe that the surgical technique used constructing a tracheostomy can have a profound effect on the safety and care of patients in the intensive care unit particularly in the first few days after the operation. The Bjork procedure is commended to the surgeons. PMID- 6625142 TI - Total intravenous anaesthesia. PMID- 6625143 TI - Coughing on induction with Althesin. PMID- 6625144 TI - Empirical protamine dosage. PMID- 6625146 TI - Anaesthesia for trigeminal thermocoagulation. PMID- 6625145 TI - Torsade de pointes. PMID- 6625147 TI - [Renin-angiotensin system under extracorporeal circulation during heart valve surgery]. AB - Angiotensin I (A I), angiotensin II (A II) and the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) were measured in 15 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass for mitral or aortic valve replacement. During cardiopulmonary bypass A I, A II, A I/II ratio and arteriovenous A II--difference decreased markedly, whereas the activity of ACE fell only during a small 15 min period after start of extracorporeal circulation. Possible reasons for these effects are discussed. PMID- 6625148 TI - [Effect of diazepam and barbiturates on the in vivo metabolism of halothane and enflurane in rats]. AB - The effect of pretreatment with barbiturates or diazepam on the in vivo metabolism of halothane or enflurane (92 ppm) was investigated upon application by inhalation. In male rats exposed to halothane the elimination half-life from the atmosphere of the closed exposure system amounted to 0.64 h; pretreatment with thiopental or methohexital (40 mg/kg i.p.) caused a small, but significant prolongation of the half-life (1.3 or 1.4-fold), whereas hexobarbital (75 or 100 mg/kg i.p.) had no effect in this respect. Much stronger and dose-dependent effects were seen in rats pretreated with pentobarbital (25 or 50 mg/kg i.p.; 2 or 3-fold) or diazepam (5 or 10 mg/kg i.p.; 3 or 5-fold increase). In control rats exposed to enflurane the elimination half-life was 4.77 h; pretreatment with hexobarbital, thiopental or methohexital at the above doses did not alter this value, whereas pentobarbital and diazepam again exerted marked and dose-dependent effects: a 1.5 or 1.7-fold prolongation of the half-life was observed after pentobarbital (25 or 50 mg/kg i.p.) and a 1.9 or 3.3-fold prolongation after diazepam (5 or 10 mg/kg i.p.), respectively. These different effects of the pretreatment drugs seems to correlate with their own pathways and rates of metabolism. PMID- 6625149 TI - [Problems of anesthesia for cesarean section in myasthenia gravis]. AB - The case of a 27 year old female, being pregnant the second time and suffering from myasthenia gravis since 1974 is reported. The patient was admitted to the hospital for repeat caesarian section. Anaesthesia of the preoxygenated patient during caesarian section was induced with 0.5% halothane and ketamine (2 mg/kg b.w.) intravenously. Muscle relaxing drugs (competitive and depolarizing inhibitors) as well as morphine derivates (e.g. fentanyl) and barbiturates are contraindicated. Therefore anaesthesia was maintained with 0.2:N2O = 1:1 combined with 0.5% halothane up to the point of ligation of the umbilical cord, and up to 1.5% halothane thereafter. Intubation was performed without muscle relaxation. The postoperative somnolence frequently seen after the combined use of ketamine and halothane was antagonized with physostigmine salicylate. The newborn showed all signs of neonatal myasthenia. PMID- 6625150 TI - [Does a stomach tube enhance regurgitation during general anaesthesia?]. AB - The effect of a gastric tube on the competence of the lower esophageal sphincter was studied in 7 patients who underwent gastric resection. In 6 patients the maximal gastric volume until occurrence of regurgitation was lower in the presence of a gastric tube compared with the measurement without a tube. This shows the necessity to remove a gastric tube prior to induction of anaesthesia. PMID- 6625151 TI - Use of chlortetracycline to monitor calcium mobilization during histamine secretion from the mast cell: a cautionary note. AB - Purified rat peritoneal mast cells incubated with chlortetracycline showed a fluorescence emission spectrum characteristic of the membrane-bound complex with calcium ions. Treatment of the cells with chelating agents, which are thought to deplete the mast cell of sequestered calcium, led to a marked reduction in fluorescence. Activation of the cells with a number of secretagogues produced an abrupt fall in fluorescence emission, indicative of the release of bound calcium, and an accompanying liberation of histamine. These changes were, however, blocked by metabolic inhibitors and anti-anaphylactic agents, suggesting that they occurred subsequently to the exocytotic process. The significance of these findings in the application of the method to other systems is discussed. PMID- 6625152 TI - Application of trans and cis isomers of p-nitrophenyl-(1R, S)-3-(2,2 dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate to the assay of pyrethroid hydrolyzing esterases. AB - A continuous-rate assay for the detection of esterases which hydrolyze synthetic pyrethroids is described. The assay is based on the release of p-nitrophenolate ion upon hydrolysis of the pyrethroid-like compound, trans- or cis-p-nitrophenyl (1R,S)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2, 2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate, at pH 7.4 where spontaneous hydrolysis is not detected. The reagent is solubilized by 0.02% Triton X-100 in the presence of 1.0% ethanol. A simple procedure for the synthesis and separation of the isomers is described. The application of the reagent to the assay of esterases which detoxify synthetic pyrethroids in the cattle tick Boophilus microplus is reported. PMID- 6625153 TI - Analysis of modified bases in DNA by stable isotope dilution gas chromatography mass spectrometry: 5-methylcytosine. AB - A sensitive assay for 5-methylcytosine in DNA has been developed based on stable isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring. 5-[( 2H3]-Methyl)cytosine and [methyl-2H3]thymine have been synthesized as internal standards for analysis of DNA following acid digestion, conversion of pyrimidines to volatile t-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives, and separation in 3 min by gas chromatography. Submicrogram amounts of DNA have been analyzed for 5-methylcytosine content in the range 0.02-1.5 mol%. The estimated limit of quantitative measurement is 0.3 pmol of methylated base in a DNA hydrolysate. The method is compared with other techniques for quantitative measurement of methylated bases in DNA, and 5-methylcytosine levels and precision of analysis for calf thymus, pBR322, and phi X-174 DNAs are reported and compared with literature values. The method can readily be adapted to the accurate high sensitivity analysis of other methylated bases in DNA. PMID- 6625154 TI - An inexpensive, microcomputer-based, video densitometer for quantitating thin layer chromatographic spots. AB - An inexpensive video densitometer based on an Apple II microcomputer using commercially available components was developed. The device was used to quantitate charred lipid and colored spots on thin-layer chromatography plates. The method is useful for lipid samples weighing 0.1 to 4 micrograms on high performance plates and 1 to 20 micrograms on ordinary plates. The software automatically corrects for baseline drift due to dirt or nonuniformity in the plate. PMID- 6625155 TI - A method for measuring free-nucleotide pool sizes and incorporation of labeled precursors: its application in studying myocardial pyrimidine nucleotides. AB - A procedure for a rapid and accurate determination of nucleotide pool sizes in heart muscle is described. The method involves an enzymatic cleavage of all nucleotides by phosphodiesterase to nucleoside 5'-monophosphates and an HPLC separation (Partisil 10 SAX) by isocratic or two-step elution. This method permits reproducible measurements of the pools of pyrimidine nucleotides which are particularly small in cardiac tissue. Moreover, this technique may be conveniently applied in studies on the incorporation of labeled precursors into free nucleotides. Experimental evidence is presented showing the accuracy of the method. PMID- 6625156 TI - Determination of N-acetylneuraminic acid by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with a stable isotope as internal standard. AB - N-Acetylneuraminic acid was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using selected ion-monitoring technique with N-[2H3]acetylneuraminic acid as an internal standard. M-COOTMS fragments at m/z 624 of trimethylsilyl derivatives of N-acetylneuraminic acid and at m/z 627 of that of the internal standard were used as monitoring ions. The standard curve obtained was linear in the range of over 10(3), and the lower limit for quantitation was estimated to be a few hundred picograms. This method was used to measure total N-acetylneuraminic acid in the plasma of healthy humans and patients with lung cancer. The total N acetylneuraminic acid level in the plasma was two to three times higher in the patients than in controls. A few hundred nanoliters of plasma was sufficient for the analysis. The mass fragmentogram of plasma gave a good signal/noise ratio, and measurements were very specific, accurate, and reproducible. PMID- 6625157 TI - Measurement of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol in human plasma with high performance liquid chromatography using electrochemical detection. AB - A new method utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection for the determination of unconjugated 3-methoxy-4 hydroxyphenylglycol, a major metabolite of norepinephrine, in human plasma is described. A novel internal standard, 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, was used to correct for variations in extraction efficiency and detector sensitivity. Separation of sample components was achieved isocratically in 20 min per sample in a reversed-phase system. Column temperature had to be carefully regulated. The sensitivity of the assay is suitable for clinical studies, with a limit of detection of 2 pmol/ml. Intra- and interassay precision was good, with observed coefficients of variation of 7.5 and 8.8%, respectively. Accuracy was tested by comparing the results of the present HPLC method to those found with a specific gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric assay. A satisfactory correlation of 0.96 was obtained, with no significant bias between the two methods. PMID- 6625158 TI - On the validity of free hormone measurements. AB - The influence of equilibrium perturbation on the measurement of free or non protein-bound hormones in serum or plasma is described. The free analyte concentration in the sample will alter after dilution or addition of binding reagents. The extent of this perturbation is not constant. It depends on the binding properties of the endogenous carrier proteins which vary from sample to sample and from sample to reference standard. As examples, the different changes of the free thyroxine and free cortisol concentrations after dilution are demonstrated both experimentally and by theoretical modeling of the hormone protein distribution. It is shown how this systematical error can be minimized in the design of free hormone assays. PMID- 6625159 TI - High yield purification of protein 4.1 from human erythrocyte membranes. AB - Protein 4.1 has been purified from human erythrocyte membranes by a simple method employing the nonionic detergent Tween 20 and anion exchange chromatography. The procedure results in the production of large quantities of protein 4.1, which retains immunoreactivity and the functional properties of binding to spectrin and enhancing the interaction of spectrin and actin. PMID- 6625160 TI - A continuous-flow detector for cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome P-420. AB - A spectrophotometric detector for automatically monitoring levels of cytochrome P 450 and cytochrome P-420 in chromatographic column effluents is described. Levels of cytochrome P-450 and P-420 as low as 30 pmol/ml can be detected above an absorbance background noise equivalent to 10 pmol/ml of these heme proteins. Spectra and the concentrations of cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome P-420 are determined every 5 sec. The automatic flow reactor and detector offer the following advantages over existing manual methods: (i) greatly reduced analysis time, (ii) measurement of a larger number of independent samples than is practical manually, (iii) simultaneous measurement of cytochrome P-450 and its degradation product cytochrome P-420 immediately after elution from the column, thus avoiding further sample degradation, and (iv) greatly increased accuracy and threshold resolution due to highly reproducible reaction conditions and constant optics. PMID- 6625161 TI - Purification of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide by ion-exchange and high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Combining ion-exchange (AG MP-1) and reversed-phase (C-18) partition chromatography accomplishes a higher degree of purification of NADH than either method can provide alone. Final elution in 95% ethanol, dehydration with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and storage in dry 1,2-propanediol over molecular sieves prevents hydrolysis of the purified dinucleotide. PMID- 6625162 TI - Hydroxylamine cleavage of proteins in polyacrylamide gels. AB - A modification of the hydroxylamine cleavage of proteins is presented in which proteins were cleaved while immobilized in the matrix of a polyacrylamide gel. The reaction under these conditions retains its high specificity for Asn-Gly bonds and has the advantage that the gel matrix, acting as a carrier, facilitates simultaneous treatment of many samples, and contributes to a high recovery efficiency (60-90%) of the cleavage products. The cleavage is performed with individual protein bands excised from dried slab gels after detection by staining, autoradiography, or fluorography. The procedure can be easily combined with other techniques to further characterize the cleavage fragments. Also a two dimensional version of the cleavage method was developed, which allows rapid recognition of interrelationships between proteins in a complicated mixture. The versatility of the procedure is demonstrated in a number of applications. Highly related strains of murine leukemia viruses were easily distinguished from one another by the unique cleavage patterns of their gag- and env-precursor polypeptides. Comparing the env-precursor gPr82env synthesized in the presence or absence of tunicamycin with its cell-free synthesized counterpart, revealed the presence of an amino-terminal signal sequence. Cleavage patterns of pro opiomelanocortin (POMC) from three different species revealed a high degree of homology between rat and mouse POMC, whereas Xenopus POMC was very different. Regions to which carbohydrates are attached could be identified by comparing glycosylated and unglycosylated forms of POMC. Combining the hydroxylamine cleavage procedure with immunological characterization of the fragments showed a small but significant difference between the amino-terminal sequences of the recombinant transforming protein P120 of Abelson murine leukemia virus and of its parent molecule Pr65gag of Moloney murine leukemia virus. PMID- 6625163 TI - A hydrogen ion-selective liquid-membrane microelectrode for measurement of vacuolar pH of plant cells in suspension culture. PMID- 6625164 TI - Use of benzyldimethyl-n-hexadecylammonium chloride ("16-BAC"), a cationic detergent, in an acidic polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system to detect base labile protein methylation in intact cells. AB - A discontinuous polyacrylamide gel system operating at pH 4.0-1.5 which resolves proteins bearing base labile groups extracted from intact cells is described. It uses potassium phosphate buffer in the running and stacking gel and glycine as the trailing ion component. Proteins are solubilized with urea and benzyldimethyl n-hexadecylammonium chloride, a cationic detergent. The utility of the system is illustrated by fluorographs of the pattern of protein methylation in blood platelets and the HL60 promyelocyte cell line. PMID- 6625165 TI - Linear one-step assay for the determination of orthophosphate. AB - A rapid one-step spectrophotometric assay for orthophosphate that requires a single stable reagent solution is presented. The reagent solution, an aqueous mixture of ammonium molybdate and zinc acetate at pH 5.0, produces a stable complex with orthophosphate that absorbs strongly in the near-visible region of the light spectrum. Response to concentration of phosphate was linear up to 300 microM phosphate with a molar absorptivity of 7200 M-1 cm-1 at 350 nm. The mild conditions for phosphate determination employed in this method are unique, making it particularly suitable for the assay of orthophosphate in the presence of labile organophosphates. PMID- 6625166 TI - Quantitative determination of starch, amylose, and amylopectin in plant tissues using glass fiber paper. AB - Methods for accurate and rapid determination of starch, amylose, and amylopectin in plant tissues are described. They are based on simplified extraction of starch with 32% perchloric acid and selective retention of the starch-iodine complex on a glass fiber disk (Whatman GF/A). The starch on the disk is dissolved in 0.75 M sulfuric acid and estimated with phenol. For amylose and amylopectin determination the starch on the disk is dissolved in perchloric acid, precipitated with ethanol, and retained on a 10-cm glass fiber strip. Both polysaccharides are separated by a chromatographic procedure involving development of the strip in a mixture of ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide and in dimethyl sulfoxide. The strip is washed in ethanol and stained with iodine or used for polysaccharide quantitation. As little as 5 micrograms of starch or its components present in different amounts of plant material can be estimated. PMID- 6625167 TI - Fluorometric determination of carbodiimides with trans-aconitic acid. AB - A new fluorometric method for the determination of carbodiimides with trans aconitic acid as a reagent has been developed. With the present method, as little as 50 pmol of carbodiimides can be determined. The relative standard deviations obtained with 25 nmol of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC), and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide HCl (EDC) were 1.35, 1.41, and 2.72% (n = 10), respectively. PMID- 6625168 TI - Computer-assisted analysis of photoacoustic spectra of solid and solution state cyanide methemoglobin. AB - A computer-assisted method for analyzing photoacoustic spectra has been developed. Using this analysis, the relative absorption spectrum and either the chromophore concentration or thermal diffusivity characteristic of a sample can be derived from its photoacoustic spectrum. We have demonstrated the accuracy of the method by analyzing photoacoustic spectra of solution and crystalline-phase bovine cyanide methemoglobin. BASIC and FORTRAN routines used to collect and to analyze photoacoustic spectra are described. Photoacoustic spectroscopy can be used in conjunction with the analytical method presented here to obtain accurate absorption spectra from a variety of solid, opaque, and/or turbid samples. PMID- 6625169 TI - Extraction of detergents from hydrophobic proteins with isopentanol: application to electrophoretic analysis of photosynthetic bacterial hydrophobic proteins. AB - The method for extracting Triton X-100 used by I. H. Mather and C. B. Tampling [Anal. Biochem. 93, 139-142 (1979)], has been extended to other detergents of different charge and chemical nature. All the detergents tested can be extracted with isopentanol in conditions in which not more than 8% of hydrophobic or hydrophilic protein is lost from the water phase. The removal of detergent from reaction centers and light harvesting protein-pigment complexes of photosynthetic bacteria, eliminates the artifacts of oligomers when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis. PMID- 6625170 TI - Correction for light absorption in fluorescence studies of protein-ligand interactions. AB - It is shown that absorption of the excitation light can lead to substantial systematic errors in fluorescence measurements of equilibrium constants for formation of protein-ligand complexes. The assumptions about the optical arrangement of the fluorescence spectrometer involved in the calculation of the correction of this absorption are discussed. A general semiempirical correction procedure which can be used for (calculated) absorbance values as high as 5 is described. The importance of choosing the excitation wavelength so as to minimize the necessity for these corrections is emphasized. PMID- 6625171 TI - Target size analysis by radiation inactivation: a large capacity tube rack for irradiation in a Gammacell 220. AB - Target size analysis by radiation inactivation is now a well-established method to study structure-function relationships in biologically active macromolecules without prior purification or even solubilization. Recently, it was reported that a relatively low-dose-rate but commonly available gamma source such as the Gammacell 220 (Atomic Energy of Canada, Ltd.) can be used to carry out radiation inactivation experiments providing it is appropriately calibrated with enzymes of known radiation sensitivities (G. Beauregard and M. Potier (1982) Anal. Biochem. 122, 379-384). In this report, a tube rack designed to fit into the irradiation chamber of the Gammacell 220 which allows five experiments (at 30 tubes per experiment) to be carried out simultaneously with both standard and unknown samples is described. The dose rates delivered at different positions in the rack were determined by irradiating rat liver cytosolic neuraminidase, an enzyme of known radiation sensitivity. A better than 2.7% agreement was obtained between experimental dose rate and computed values from isodose curves previously published by other authors (O. A. Curzio and H. O. Quaranta (1982) Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 33, 1-3). PMID- 6625172 TI - Thin-layer chromatography-densitometry of minor acidic phospholipids: application to lipids from erythrocytes, liver, and kidney. AB - A method for quantitative determination of acidic phospholipids by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) followed by densitometry is described. The total lipids were separated into neutral and acidic fractions by DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography. A clear-cut separation of acidic phospholipids was achieved by high-performance TLC with a solvent system of chloroform/acetone/acetic acid/formic acid/water (60/60/4/10/3). Each phospholipid band was quantitated by densitometry with the use of an internal standard. The lipid compositions of sheep and mouse erythrocytes and of rat liver and kidney were determined by the present method. PMID- 6625173 TI - Determination of catecholamine sulfoconjugate isomers in normal human urine by use of high-performance liquid chromatography with a photochemical detector. AB - A method for the determination of catecholamine sulfoconjugate isomers (CA-S) in urine was developed. The photo-induced fluorogenic reaction of CA-S with ethylenediamine reported previously was applied to the postcolumn labeling of HPLC for sensitive and selective detection. Special equipment for the reaction was made with a uv-irradiation lamp and a reaction coil of Teflon tubing inside a temperature-controlled reaction box. Lower determination limits of this system were 1 to 2 pmol. Urine samples pretreated with small ion-exchange resin columns were subjected to HPLC. Peaks corresponding to CA-S were identified quantitatively by two different separation methods. Thus, all six CA-S were first detected in the urine of normal individuals. The excretion rates of dopamine 3 sulfate, dopamine 4-sulfate, norepinephrine 3-sulfate, norepinephrine 4-sulfate, epinephrine 3-sulfate, and epinephrine 4-sulfate were 420 +/- 240, 98 +/- 55, 86 +/- 95, 15 +/- 14, 18 +/- 7, and 3 +/- 1 ng/min (+/- SD), respectively (n = 5). PMID- 6625174 TI - Separation and analysis of 4'-epimeric UDP-sugars by borate high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Separation of UDP-glucose from UDP-galactose, of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine from UDP N-acetylgalactosamine, of UDP-glucuronate from UDP-galacturonate, or of UDP glucosamine from UDP-galactosamine was achieved within 10-45 min by isocratic anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a flow rate of 2 ml/min. The eluants were composed of borate as complex-forming and eluting agent and of glycerol for protection of the alkali-labile silica packing of the column. This borate HPLC was suitable for the analysis of 4'-epimeric UDP-sugars in the range of 2 to 100 nmol. The applicability of this technique was demonstrated by determination of the relative amounts of 4'-epimeric UDP-amino sugars formed in rat liver after administration of D-galactosamine. Since a high salt content of UDP-sugar samples can interfere with borate HPLC, desalting was performed on a 1-ml C18 cartridge using triethylammonium hydrogen carbonate buffer. This procedure enabled the complete separation of various nucleotides from salts within 10 min prior to HPLC. PMID- 6625175 TI - A potentiometric method for the determination of the iodine-binding capacity of glycogen. AB - The experimental conditions in the potentiometric method for the determination of the iodine-binding capacity (Ib) of starch and amylose [R. L. Bates, D. French, and R. E. Rundle (1943) J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 65, 142-148] were not suitable for glycogen because of the much lower affinity for iodine of the latter. This difficulty was overcome by titration of small volume with both the iodine and glycogen at high concentration. Using the concentration cell circuit Pt electrode blank-bridge-glycogen-Pt electrode, small increments of standard iodine solution were added to the blank solution and each was titrated to null by adding iodine to the glucogen solution [G. A. Gilbert and J. V. R. Marriott (1948) Trans. Faraday Soc. 44, 84-93]. Glycogen was determined by an anthrone-sulfuric acid method [F. W. Fales (1951) J. Biol. Chem. 193, 113-124]. Glycogens with Ib's ranging from 1.8 to 5.3% were observed. PMID- 6625176 TI - Intracellular free Ca and Mg of human red blood cell ghosts measured with entrapped arsenazo III. AB - Arsenazo III in human red cell ghosts is calibrated to measure intracellular concentrations of free Ca and free Mg. This calibration was established by comparing the absorbance of arsenazo III in ghosts to its absorption in solution at 600, 630, and 655 nm as a function of buffered free Ca (0.4 microM to 70 microM), free Mg (0.05 to 5 mM), and free Ca (4 to 50 microM) at constant free Mg (1.2 mM) at three concentrations of total dye (1.09, 10.9, and 109 microM). In both ghosts and in solution the absorbance of the dye at all three wavelengths could be predicted from dissociation constants and molar extinction coefficients determined for a 1:1 complex with the dye and Mg, another with Ca, and a third complex consisting of two molecules of Ca and two of dye. The absorbance of the dye in ghosts at the same concentrations of free Ca, free Mg, and total dye is equal to that in solution multiplied by the percentage hematocrit and divided by 100, which demonstrates that arsenazo III responds the same inside ghosts as it does free in solution. The results of this paper show that arsenazo III can be used to measure quantitatively and to monitor continuously the concentration of intracellular Ca and Mg in red cell ghosts. Use of this method should facilitate the study of Ca-dependent mechanisms of red blood cells. PMID- 6625177 TI - Preparation of 9-diazomethylanthracene. PMID- 6625178 TI - Fitting enzyme-kinetic data to V/K. AB - Kinetic data from enzyme-catalyzed reactions have been analyzed traditionally in terms of the Michaelis-Menten equation, which assumes that the maximal velocity (V) and the Michaelis constant (K) are the primary kinetic constants. But what is needed from most kinetic studies today is V/K. A new form of the equation is proposed which assumes that V and V/K are the primary kinetic constants: v = (V . S . V/K)/(V + S . V/K). Computer fittings of both experimental and simulated velocity data to both equations give results favoring the new equation. PMID- 6625179 TI - A simple and rapid dot-immunobinding assay for zein and other prolamins. AB - A simple method for the immunochemical assay of zein and other prolamins is described. Alcohol-solubilized zein is spotted onto chromatography paper disks or strips, incubated with antiserum (30-60 min), washed with several changes of Tris buffered saline (10 min), incubated with protein A-peroxidase (30 min), and washed with several changes of Tris-buffered saline (10 min). the binding of zein specific antibody is visualized by peroxidase-catalyzed color production from 4 chloro-1-naphthol. The method is simple, inexpensive, and rapid (2 h total time) and has potential application to other insoluble antigens. PMID- 6625180 TI - Picomole analyses of tryptophan by derivatization to 9-hydroxymethyl-beta carboline. AB - A new method specific for the determination of subpicomole quantities of tryptophan has been developed by elaboration of the Pictet-Spengler reaction. It permitted reproducible quantitation of tryptophan in less than 1 microliter of plasma ultrafiltrate or 1 mg of brain tissue. Samples deproteinized by trichloroacetic acid were boiled for 15 min with formaldehyde and potassium ferricyanide at controlled acidity, where tryptophan was converted to a single new product identified as 9-hydroxymethyl-beta-carboline. It was quantitated by either direct spectrofluorometry or a reversed-phase HPLC system developed for beta-carbolines. Under our conditions, peptides containing N-terminal tryptophan such as Trp-Leu and delta sleep-inducing peptide gave N-(9-hydroxymethyl-beta carboline-3-carbonyl) peptides which retained all amino acid residues except tryptophan. PMID- 6625181 TI - [Postnatal development of the pterygoid process]. AB - The postnatal increase of the paramedian distances of the medial and lateral plate of the pterygoid process, its elongation and also the position of the plates to the median sagittal plane were investigated. Moreover the development of height and width of the pyramidal process and the scaphoid fossa were surveyed. PMID- 6625182 TI - Anatomical observations on the intermediate ganglion of the cervical sympathetic trunk (based on 232 specimens). AB - In a series of 116 adult dissecting-room human cadavers, the frequency, location and branches of the intermediate ganglion of the cervical sympathetic trunk were studied, bilaterally, i.e. in 232 specimens. The frequency of the ganglion was found 24.14%, of which in 12.93% a middle cervical ganglion was also present. The intermediate ganglion, lying usually anterior to the transverse process of the seventh cervical vertebra (41.2%) or to that of the sixth (35.3%), gives off splachnic and vascular branches and rami communicantes to the 6th and 7th cervical nerves. Its rami internodiales contribute to the prevertebral and subclavian ansae. Because of its independent preganglionic fibers the knowledge of its frequency and surgical anatomy is of significance in gangliectomies. PMID- 6625183 TI - About a case of absence of the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle. AB - An uncommon case of absence of the muscular part of the superior belly of the left omohyoid muscle was found in a cadaver of a 65 year old man. The inferior belly of the muscle in question is continuous with tendon 2.5 mm broad, which extends its self unto the upper insertion of the sternohyoid muscle, where it inserts. PMID- 6625184 TI - [Relation between the brain and the endocrine system in their chronobiological aspects. I. The brain, hypothalamus and pineal body]. AB - In this communication are interactions between the cerebrum, especially the hypothalamus and the pineal under chronobiological aspects described. The level of biogenic amines (noradrenaline, serotonin and histamine) provoced biorhythms. This biorhythms influence endocrine organs in their activity. PMID- 6625185 TI - Autonomic innervation of rat portal vein. AB - The innervation of the rat portal vein was studied using the catecholamine fluorescence, cholinesterase and quinacrine histochemical methods. The rat portal vein, while provided with an adrenergic and cholinergic innervation, do not shows nerve fibers like structures with a selective affinity for quinacrine. A knowledge of the pattern of innervation of portal vein in various mammalian species may provide useful information to evaluate data obtained by the use of physiological and pharmacological methods. PMID- 6625186 TI - Study of the cellular turnover in the small intestine of the lactent Didelphis albiventris. AB - A 1% trypan blue aqueous solution, buffered to pH 7.3, orally administrated was used as a tracer in an attempt to establish the cellular turnover in the small intestine epithelium of the lactent marsupial Didelphis albiventris. The complex trypan blue-milk albumin was captured by the cells lining the proximal, medium and distal segment of small intestine, differing from the rodents which are unable to absorb the dye by endocytosis at the level of the proximal small intestine. A complete cellular turnover was observed in the proximal small intestine 7 d after treatment, whilst in the medium and distal segments 8 d were required for the turnover to be completed. PMID- 6625187 TI - [Development of fiber type composition and fiber diameter in the longissimus muscle of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus)]. AB - The development of fiber types composition and fiber diameter in porcine longissimus muscle from birth to the age of 5 years was examined by means of cross-sectional study. The fiber types were classified in the following manner: FTG = fast-twitch-glycolytic, FTO = fast-twitch-oxidative and STO = slow-twitch oxidative. The percentage on the oxidative fibers decrease from 60.8% on the 1st d to 39.1% on the 100th d of life. On the 1800th d only 26.5% oxidative fibers are present. The average diameters of fiber types increase during the whole examination period, especially to the 100th d of life. The initial gradation of fiber diameter FTG = 63 micron, FTO = 62 micron, STO = 56 micron converts during growth into STO = 112 micron, FTO = 108 micron, FTG = 104 micron. A common representation of muscle fiber diameter growth curve and rump length growth curve demonstrates different growth modes of muscle and skeleton. PMID- 6625188 TI - [Formulation on the growth of the human tibia based on Gindhart's data (1976)]. AB - Length data for the tibia as gained at the Fels Research Institute for the Study of Human Development and published by Gindhart (1976) are used for mathematical formulation following the method set up by the author for the representation of human length growth and recently applied to the radius development. The data for the tibia leave smaller room for the validity of the short term power function characteristic for younger age. Difficulties were encountered but overcome for the growth function proper (Sager 1981 a), whilst some uncertainties remain for the growth spurt of the female due to irregularities in the basic material. PMID- 6625189 TI - Serotonergic innervation on the motoneurons in the mammalian brainstem. Light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry. AB - A comparative study of serotonergic innervation on motoneurons in the brainstem of various mammals (mouse, rat, guinea pig, dog, cat and monkey) was carried out using a sensitive immunohistochemical method. Except for the extraocular muscle nuclei, the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves received rich inputs from serotonin neurons, in all species examined--rodent, carnivore and primate. The motoneurons of the monkey were innervated by varicose serotonin fibers, in a manner different from that of other species, i.e. their cell bodies and proximal dendrites were tightly encircled by a large number of serotonin-containing varicose fibers. At the ultrastructural level, a predominant population of axosomatic contacts was confirmed in the cranial motor nuclei of the monkey, particularly in the nucleus ambiguus. PMID- 6625190 TI - Multiplication and differentiation of glial cells in the optic nerve of the postnatal rat. A reassessment. AB - In order to establish a firm basis for our studies on cell reactivity during Wallerian degeneration in the optic nerve of the rat, gliogenesis in this fiber tract was reassessed. Rats aged 2, 5, 8 and 20 days (key-stages) received a single injection of tritiated thymidine and were sacrificed after a survival period of 1, 3, 5, 10 and 20 days. Before the 5th postnatal day, glioblasts and astrocytes are the only cell types identifiable in the optic nerve. Most of astrocytes undergo their last mitosis during this period. Oligodendrocytes are first seen after the 5th postnatal day, and their maturation proceeds through a regular sequence of light, medium and dark cells. Detailed analysis of this time course reveals that those precursors of oligodendrocytes that undergo last mitosis at the 5th postnatal day are retarded in their differentiation as compared with those undergoing their last mitosis during the 6-8 days period. When considering glio-axonal interactions, the onset of oligodendrocyte differentiation could proceed in two phases, especially at the 5 day key-stage, with an initial signal triggering the cessation of mitosis of glioblasts and a second signal inducing their maturation, conditioned by the type of surrounding tissue. PMID- 6625192 TI - A few observations about Meckel's cartilage in the human. AB - In the human embryo, fusion of Meckel's cartilages takes place during mandibular development. It seems to be independent of the endochondral ossification with respect to the developmental sequence. PMID- 6625191 TI - Developmental gradient of cell cycle in the telencephalic roof of the fetal NMRI mouse. AB - An analysis of cellular kinetics in the NMRI-mouse after 12, 13, 15, and 17 days of gestation was obtained by means of tritiated thymidine autoradiography. After 12 and 13 days there is no significant difference in generation time between the lateral and the medial districts of the telencephalic roof. From 15 days of gestation onwards, the generation time in the lateral parts is significantly greater than in the medial wall regions. Simultaneously, on day 17 the growth fraction is drastically decreased in the lateral parts, while it remains close to 1 in the medial parts. Lengthening of the generation time during differentiation of the lateral wall is mainly due to an extension of the G1-phase and to a lesser degree also of the S-phase. Another significant contribution comes from the increasing length of the mitotic phase. PMID- 6625193 TI - Gap junctions in the liver of parasitic adult lampreys, Petromyzon marinus L. AB - Thin-section and freeze-fracture observations of the plasma membranes of hepatocytes from parasitic adult lampreys, Petromyzon marinus, reveal large (250 nm - 4.5 micrometers diameter) gap junctions of highly irregular configuration. The multiformity of these junctions is partially due to the fact that they follow the contours of the undulating cell surface of the irregularly shaped hepatocytes. In addition, junctional membrane is characterized by a slight "rippling" which is not seen on adjacent non-junctional membrane. Although some annular-shaped junctions are associated to non-junctional membrane, others seem completely internalized and they surround portions of the cytoplasm. In P-face replicas the gap junctions are seen to be composed of closely packed particles of 6.0-6.5 nm diameter. E-face replicas of junctional membrane are relatively smooth, a fact which may be related to the small size of the intramembranous particles. Differences in size and shape of gap junctions in hepatocytes of larval (Peck et al. 1979) and adult lampreys may reflect the absence of bile canaliculi and bile ducts in the adult liver and an increased role of these junctions in co-ordination of an endocrine secretory mechanism. PMID- 6625194 TI - The formation and growth of the cortical layers in the cerebellum of the opossum. AB - The development of the cerebellar cortex in the opossum was analyzed in Nissl stained sections using qualitative and quantitative methods. The young of the opossum are born 12-13 days after conception and mature for approximately 85 days in an external pouch providing an excellent model for embryological studies. Qualitative observations of cerebellar growth were made from birth to postnatal day (PN) 19. At birth the opossum cerebellar anlage can be divided into two layers, a ventricular layer and an intermediate layer; histologically his is comparable to the rat cerebellar anlage at embryonic day 13 (Altman and Bayer 1978) and the human cerebellar anlage prior to the seventh embryonic week (Rakic and Sidman 1970). By PN 3 the cerebellar anlage consists of five layers: the ventricular layer, the ventral intermediate layer, the acellular layer, the dorsal intermediate layer and the marginal layer. The external granular layer begins migrating over the dorsal surface of the cerebellum at PN 5. The immature Purkinje cell layer is first seen at PN 12 and is subsequently arranged as four clusters between PN 12 and PN 22. At PN 19 the opossum cerebellum is comparable to the rat cerebellum at birth (Korneliussen 1968c). A quantitative analysis of cerebellar growth was performed between PN 17 and PN 77 using vermal sections. The area and thickness of each of the cortical layers was determined from five vermal sagittal sections using two methods; a Zeiss Videoplan and a point counting system. The external granular layer increases in area from PN 17 to PN 75, however its maximal width is achieved between PN 19 and PN 33. The persistence of the EGL until after PN 105 suggests that synaptic contacts between granule cell axons and Purkinje cells may continue to form after PN 77 when the Purkinje cell is mature based on Golgi and fine structural features (Laxson and King 1983). Between PN 17 and PN 77 the area of the molecular layer and the area of the internal granular layer increase at a more rapid rate than the other cerebellar layers. The maturation of the cerebellum in the opossum is a lengthy process lasting approximately 77 days in comparison to rodent cerebellar growth which requires about 25 days (Korneliussen 1968c). Also, the entire process of cortical lamination occurs after birth while the opossum is maturing in an external pouch. PMID- 6625195 TI - Bulbar catecholaminergic neurons projecting to the thoracic spinal cord of the chicken. Evans Blue labeling study in combination with catecholamine histofluorescence. AB - This study was undertaken to map the location of cell groups in the chicken brain stem that project to the thoracic spinal cord by retrogradely transported Evans Blue (EB). The majority of EB-labeled neurons are located in an area between the nucleus vagus motorius (NVMD) and hypoglossus ventralis dorsomedialis, the nucleus raphis, the nucleus vestibularis ventrolateralis, the nucleus tegmentalis dorsalis (NTD) and the reticular formation. However, this procedure demonstrates that no cell bodies within the nucleus tractus solitarii project to the spinal cord, unlike those of mammals. It is possible that this difference may be involved in the existence of the diaphragma. Additionally, catecholamine (CA) containing cells in the brain stem projecting to the thoracic spinal cord were investigated with the aid of a technique demonstrating both CA and EB fluorescence in the same neuron. The doubly labeled cells are constantly found to be located within such areas as the lateral reticular formation at the level of the NVMD, the ventrolateral reticular formation at the level of the nucleus abducens major, the NTD and the ventrolateral reticular formation at the level of the NTD. The doubly labeled neurons are most numerous in the medial part of the NTD in transverse section, reflecting a similar tendency in the mammalian locus coeruleus. PMID- 6625196 TI - Afferent projections of the rat major occipital nerve studied by transganglionic transport of HRP. AB - The central projection fields of cutaneous neurons of the rat's major occipital nerve have been investigated using the method of transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), with tetramethylbenzidine according to Mesulam (1978) as the chromogen. Furthermore, the course of the nerve, diameter distribution of myelinated axons, and diameter distribution of HRP-labeled perikarya of spinal ganglion cells belonging to this nerve, diameter distribution of myelinated axons, and diameter distribution of HRP-labeled perikarya of spinal ganglion cells belonging to this nerve have been studied. Following HRP application to the proximal stump of the cut nerve, labeled structures were found ipsilaterally in the cervical spinal cord and in the medulla oblongata. In the spinal cord, reaction product was mainly concentrated in the lateral parts of laminae I-III of the dorsal horn in segments C2 and C3. In C1, primary afferent terminals were more sparsely distributed and restricted to laminae I and II. Reaction product was also seen in the tract of Lissauer in segments C1-C4. In the medulla oblongata HRP labeled structures were observed in the medial cuneate nucleus, in the rostral part of the external cuneate nucleus, and in the nucleus of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve. A possible somatotopic arrangement of central terminals of cutaneous neurons within the cervical dorsal horn, as well as differences between the projection fields of muscle and skin afferents within the upper cervical cord and caudal medulla are discussed. PMID- 6625198 TI - The cerebellar corticonuclear and nucleocortical projections in the cat as studied with anterograde and retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. V. The posterior lobe vermis and the flocculo-nodular lobe. AB - The cerebellar corticonuclear and nucleocortical connections of the posterior lobe vermis and the flocculonodular lobe were studied in the cat by means of anterograde and retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. The main terminal area for corticonuclear fibres from the posterior lobe vermis is the ipsilateral fastigial nucleus. A mediolateral topography is indicated: midvermal regions project to the medial part of the fastigial nucleus, more lateral regions project to the lateral part of the fastigial nucleus. A rostrocaudal arrangement is also present, the anterior folia of the posterior lobe vermis projecting to the caudalmost part of the fastigial nucleus while more posterior folia project slightly more rostroventrally. Corticonuclear fibres from the flocculus terminate in an almost continuous band extending through the ipsilateral dentate nucleus and into the posterior interposed nucleus (through the nuclear regions previously designated cerebellar zones D2, D1 and C2). With few exceptions the nucleocortical connection shows the same arrangement as the corticonuclear, giving further evidence for a corticonuclear-nucleocortical reciprocal relationship. These and other observations are discussed and related to previous observations on the corticonuclear and nucleocortical cerebellar projections. PMID- 6625197 TI - Cell degeneration in early development of the forebrain and cerebellum. AB - The hippocampus, dentate gyrus, cerebellum, amygdala and caudate were examined for degenerating cells in normal neonatal hamsters. Each structure was studied from postnatal day 5 (P5) to P 10. The cerebellum was also studied on P 12. This time span was chosen to coincide with cessation of migration and establishment of connectivity in these structures. Substantial numbers of pycnotic cells were found in all structures except the dentate gyrus. The timing and amount of cell death varied between structures. Both the caudate nucleus and the amygdala showed greater cell losses in their peripheral margins than in their centers. The deep half of the internal granule cell layer of the cerebellum showed greater cell loss than the superficial half on all postnatal days studied. PMID- 6625199 TI - In vitro transformation of chondroprogenitor cells into osteoblasts and the formation of new membrane bone. AB - Mandibular condyles of fetal mice 19 to 20 days in utero were kept in an organ culture system for up to 10 days. After 2 days in culture the cartilage of the mandibular condyle appeared to have maintained all its inherent structural characteristics, including its various cell layers: chondroprogenitor, chondroblastic, and hypertrophic. After 5 days in culture no chondroblasts could be seen and, instead, the entire cartilage was occupied by hypertrophic chondrocytes. At the same time, the mesenchymal cells at the chondroprogenitor zone differentiated with osteoblasts which produced osteoid. Light microscopic examinations showed that the newly formed osteoid did not stain with acidic toluidine blue or with alcian blue, but stained intensively with the van Gieson stain and with Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). The osteoid reacted with antibodies against type I collagen but not with antibodies against type II collagen. Electron microscopic examinations showed that the mineralization appeared to be associated with collagen fibers in bone rather than with matrix vesicles in the cartilage. The process of bone formation progressed with time and by the 10th day new bone replaced almost the entire cartilage, thus forming an expanded layer of membrane bone. This in vitro system represents an experimental model whereby undifferentiated precursor cells transform into osteoblasts with the subsequent formation of a typical membrane bone. PMID- 6625200 TI - Hepatic sinusoidal endothelium in sheep: an ultrastructural reinvestigation. AB - Following perfusion fixation of livers from fetal, neonatal, and adult sheep, the ultrastructure of the fenestrated sinusoidal endothelium was examined. In contrast to an earlier report which utilized immersion fixation, we found the fenestrae to be unoccluded by diaphragms or basal lamina, thus offering only a discontinuous barrier between the blood and the space of Disse and hepatocytes. This observation was confirmed by perfusing the liver with marker particles. The fenestrae appear, therefore, to have a sieving function, regulating the metabolism of particulate matter such as lipoproteins in sheep in a similar manner to that which has been shown to occur in rats. PMID- 6625201 TI - Blood vessels of the Peyer's patch in the mouse: I. Topographic studies. AB - The topographic distribution of blood vessels in Peyer's patches of mice was studied by light and scanning electron microscopy with whole mounts of flattened gut segments and vascular corrosion casts. Peyer's patches are imbedded in the intestinal wall and share its blood supply. Two to four mural trunks may contribute to the area of the patch. In and around the lymphoid nodules the microcirculation is highly specialized. The nodule is permeated by a meshwork of fine capillaries that is supplied by arterioles entering on the serosal and lateral surfaces. Blood flow to the lymphoid nodule appears to be monitored by arterial sphincters; the dense lymphatic tissue can also be bypassed by arteriovenous communications. An extensive venous network encircles the nodule. Most of these venules are lined by high endothelium which is penetrated by lymphocytes. The geometry of these vessels suggests a slow and turbulent flow in these vascular segments that may aid margination of lymphocytes. A planar capillary plexus lies subjacent to the mucosal epithelium in the dome area. PMID- 6625202 TI - Morphological evidence of the shedding of chondrocytes from the articular surface in neonatal rats: relationship to the interlacunar network. AB - The superficial zone of the femoral head articular cartilage of 5- to 15-day old rats was examined by light and electron microscopy for evidence of shedding into the joint space. Chondrocytes deepest in the superficial zone were round, surrounded by a capsule, and connected to adjacent chondrocytes by the interlacunar network, whereas cells in the middle of the zone appeared similar but with less cytoplasm. At the circular surface, chondrocytes were small, with pyknotic nuclei and poorly defined organelles. These cells occasionally protruded from the articular surface but maintained at least partial connection with the network and their capsule. Depressions in the articular surface were lined with material similar to that of the network and were the only locations found where the network did not terminate at a cell surface. This static evidence suggested at least two hypotheses: 1) Degenerating chondrocytes moved up through the superficial zone to the articular surface and were shed into the joint space. This movement may be facilitated by the network as part of neonatal cartilage development. 2) During joint formation, the surface of the articular cartilage was eroded down to the chondrocytes, which were exposed to the joint fluid, causing cell degeneration, death, and shedding. Evidence of cell shedding was rarely seen after 2 weeks of age. Likewise, the interlacunar network disappeared from the superficial zone during this period. A physiological as well as structural relationship may exist between the chondrocytes and interlacunar network. PMID- 6625203 TI - The soleal line. AB - The soleal line in 167 left and 163 right tibiae has been studied. The line often does not follow the textbook description. It commences well below the fibular facet and ends well down nearer the middle of the bone on the medial border. It generally shows mixed characters of a line, a wide line, a ridge, or a groove. The line is frequently absent in the upper third. In the middle third, it is seen as a wide or as a ridge varying from 1 to 2 mm in height. In the lower third the line presents itself as a ridge. In the middle and lower thirds, the line is often seen as a depression varying from 1 to 2 mm in depth. The line shows a left sided dominance. PMID- 6625204 TI - Intracranial and hemodynamic changes after succinylcholine administration in cats. AB - Bolus injections of succinylcholine (1.5 mg/kg) significantly increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in cats under normal conditions from control levels of 8 +/- 1 mm Hg to 16 +/- 3 mm Hg (+/- SEM, P less than 0.01), and in the presence of artificially increased ICP from control levels of 27 +/- 1 mm Hg to 47 +/- 4 mm Hg (P less than 0.01). These approximately 100% increases in ICP were accompanied by a transitory decrease in mean arterial pressure (approximately 10 sec), followed by a 15-20% increase (P less than 0.05). Pulmonary arterial pressure increased 20-30% (P less than 0.05). These results, when considered in conjunction with results previously obtained in humans, suggest that succinylcholine may be contraindicated in neurosurgical patients. PMID- 6625205 TI - Dissociation constants of local anesthetics and their temperature dependence. PMID- 6625206 TI - Catheter thrombus artifactually decreases thermodilution cardiac output measurements. PMID- 6625207 TI - Perioperative hypoglycemia in a child treated with propranolol. PMID- 6625208 TI - Aphasia and hemiparesis following stellate ganglion block. PMID- 6625209 TI - Laryngotracheoesophageal cleft--a problem of airway management. PMID- 6625210 TI - Acute hyperkalemia associated with massive blood replacement. PMID- 6625211 TI - Hazards of ketamine in ischemic heart disease. PMID- 6625212 TI - Interpretation of negative results. PMID- 6625213 TI - Introducers for 25-gauge spinal needles. PMID- 6625214 TI - Succinylcholine in obstetrics. PMID- 6625215 TI - Gas loss from Ohio Modulus Vaporizer Selector-Interlock Valve. PMID- 6625216 TI - Inotropic and anesthetic potencies of etomidate and thiopental in dogs. AB - The effects of etomidate and thiopental on myocardial contractility were compared in 10 experiments on isolated papillary muscle preparation perfused by a conscious donor dog. Equianesthetic doses of etomidate (1.4 mg/kg) and thiopental (15.5 mg/kg) were determined separately in conscious dogs. Tension developed by the papillary muscle decreased significantly less after etomidate (17 +/- 2%) than after thiopental (33 +/- 3%) (P less than 0.002) when injected intravenously in equianesthetic doses in donor dogs. When added to arterial blood perfusing the papillary muscle, etomidate had 4-5 times more negative inotropic effect than thiopental. At the same time, the anesthetic potency of etomidate was approximately 11 times greater than that of thiopental. We conclude that both etomidate and thiopental produce a dose-dependent direct negative inotropic effect but that in equianesthetic doses, etomidate causes less pronounced depression of myocardial contractility than thiopental. PMID- 6625217 TI - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and respiratory complications. AB - Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (N = 148) underwent general anesthesia with halothane (H) or isoflurane (I) each administered randomly to 74 patients. One hundred and ten pre-, intra-, and postoperative variables were analyzed, including outcome variables, which included intra- and postoperative respiratory complications. Univariate computer analyses demonstrated no differences between H and I groups with respect to all variables, the exception being tachycardia, which occurred significantly more frequently in patients given I. Log-linear analyses revealed that no interactions existed between H or I groups, the non-outcome variables, and the complications. We conclude that patients with COPD respond similarly to H and I and that these anesthetics are associated with similar incidences of respiratory complications. PMID- 6625218 TI - Cardiovascular responses to asphyxial challenge in chronically hypokalemic dogs. AB - To study the physiological tolerance to asphyxia and hypokalemia during anesthesia, the cardiovascular responses to clamping of the endotracheal tube during mechanical ventilation were evaluated in ten anesthetized mongrel dogs before and after they had been made hypokalemic by administration of furosemide, 10 mg X kg-1 X day-1 for 3-4 weeks. Furosemide reduced the serum potassium to 2.93 +/- 0.03 from 4.16 +/- 0.07 mEq/L. The animals were anesthetized with halothane in N2O-O2 (60/40) and mechanically ventilated to a PaCO2 of approximately 30 torr during continuous monitoring of heart rate, mean arterial pressure, ECG, and periodic determinations of serum electrolyte levels and arterial blood-gas tensions. The endpoint for unclamping of the endotracheal tube and reestablishing ventilation of the lungs was when mean arterial pressure decreased to levels present before clamping the trachea, approximately 100 torr, after an initial response of hypertension and tachycardia. The duration of clamping was not significantly different in normokalemic (8.41 +/- 1.47 min) and hypokalemic (9.01 +/- 0.47 min) dogs, but the time required to regain circulatory stability and normal ECG rhythm was longer for the hypokalemic group (2.95 +/- 0.44 min vs 2.17 +/- 0.47). In addition, while all normokalemic dogs survived, three of the hypokalemic dogs could not be resuscitated. The results suggest that chronic hypokalemia reduces the tolerance of the cardiovascular system to severe physiologic trespass. PMID- 6625219 TI - Comparison of neural blockade and pharmacokinetics after subarachnoid lidocaine in the rhesus monkey. II: Effects of volume, osmolality, and baricity. AB - The effects of volume, osmolality, and baricity on lidocaine spinal anesthesia in the rhesus monkey were studied. Changes in neural blockade, physical properties of cerebrospinal fluid, and arterial pharmacokinetics associated with variations in injectate composition were assessed. Wide ranges of volume, baricity, and osmolality were studied using 1, 2, and 5% lidocaine prepared in either sterile water or 7.5% dextrose. Minimal changes in neural blockade were found in the ranges of osmolality and baricity studied, although 5% lidocaine in sterile water resulted in significantly shorter complete recovery times for both sensory and motor block when compared to other solutions. Samples of cerebrospinal fluid obtained after injection of lidocaine showed increases or decreases in specific gravity and osmolality depending on the physical properties of the solution injected. No differences in elimination phase pharmacokinetics were found with any of the lidocaine solutions. Rates of systemic absorption increased with decreasing osmolality. Osmotic potentiation of lidocaine spinal anesthesia could not be demonstrated. PMID- 6625220 TI - The underlying problems resulting in controversies in the clinical management of transient ischemic attacks: an overview. AB - Of all the controversial topics in the management of cerebrovascular diseases the subject of transient ischemic attacks is perhaps the most controversial. A preponderance of literature related to the subject, reflecting a remarkable degree of interest in the topic, is a result of this controversy. Each conclusion serves to stimulate more interest, more evaluation, and more controversy. We will attempt to give an overview of the controversies in the management of transient ischemic attacks. PMID- 6625222 TI - Fibrinolytic therapy urokinase for myocardial infarction. PMID- 6625221 TI - Pulmonary vascular disease--overview. AB - Some intriguing advances in the diagnosis of pulmonary vascular diseases have been made in the past decade. Moreover, developments in treatment of recurrent thromboembolic disease have come to the forefront, with a considerable reduction in morbidity and mortality rates in the past few years. PMID- 6625223 TI - The use of common carotid waveform analysis in the diagnosis of carotid occlusive disease. AB - Duplex scanning with spectral analysis of the pulsed Doppler signal are currently used to detect and classify disease at the carotid bifurcation. Although the sensitivity of the test exceeds 90%, the method has a lower specificity which ranges between 8 and 50%. The poor specificity is due to the difficulty in distinguishing flow disturbances normally present at the carotid bifurcation from those produced by minimal amount of disease. In order to improve the ability of the method to predict normalcy, new features measured from the low common carotid waveform are evaluated on 150 sides. The difference of frequency from the systolic peak (a) to the point of first zero slope after peak systole (b) was used to define the ratio (a-b)/a. A ratio greater than 0.5 was associated with 76% of the normal sides and only 7% of the diseased sides. A ratio below 0.5 was associated with 83% of the diseased sides. This ratio, when used alone, can improve the specificity of the method to 76%. PMID- 6625224 TI - Barlow's syndrome associated with coronary fistula. AB - In an asymptomatic patient, the first reference to the association of mitral valve prolapse and coronary fistula is described and a pathogenic connection discussed. PMID- 6625225 TI - Case review: eleven-year-old female with cough, progressive dyspnea and profound weight loss. Part one. PMID- 6625226 TI - Relation between positive small air ions, weather fronts and pulmonary function in patients with bronchial asthma. AB - Some patients with bronchial asthma report increased symptoms in association with weather fronts. It has been reported that a rise in positive small air ions occurs several hours before other evidence of a storm front, and it has been suggested that the increase in these ions might be responsible for the changes in clinical status reported by such patients. Twelve patients were selected on the basis of a history of weather-induced worsening of asthma. They measured pulmonary functions four times daily at the same time that measurements of small air ions and other meteorologic parameters were obtained. Two episodes of inclement weather were monitored during the study period. The mean peak flow rates in this group of patients did not vary significantly with the changes in ion levels or other meteorologic factors which resulted from the passage of these weather fronts. PMID- 6625228 TI - Case review: 11-year-old female with cough, progressive dyspnea and profound weight loss. Part two. PMID- 6625227 TI - Allergens in hymenoptera venoms. X. Vespid venoms versus venom sac extracts: comparison by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB - Vespid venoms were compared to venom sac extracts by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using non-equilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis in the first dimension and sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis in the second. The gels were stained with silver. Fresh venoms from four species, Vespula maculifrons, Polistes fuscatus fuscatus, P. metricus and P. exclamans, were compared with commercially available venom sac extracts from the same species. In each case the venom sac extract contained all of the proteins detected in the fresh venom plus numerous additional proteins which are probably sac components. Yellow jacket and bee (Apis mellifera) proteins were extracted from the gels and tested for IgE binding activity using pooled sera from RAST positive individuals. Significant IgE binding activity was found for the five known bee allergens and for the major yellow jacket venom proteins. Fresh pure vespid venoms contain a relatively small number of major protein subunits. Venom sac extracts contain the same components plus many other proteins not found in the pure venoms. PMID- 6625229 TI - Venom immunotherapy--a critical evaluation of in vitro techniques. PMID- 6625230 TI - Deviated nasal septum as a diagnosis. PMID- 6625231 TI - [Study of spontaneous crystalluria using infrared spectroscopy. Research on correlations between crystals, calculi, bacteria and the sex of the patients]. AB - 6 100 specimens of urine were examined according to classical cytobacteriological techniques for the presence of crystals and the possible correlations with the bacteria identified and the sex of the patients. When crystals were present, the urine was centrifuged and the deposit was dried in a filter with low porosity, scraped away and incorporated in a tablet of potassium bromide and then examined by infra-red spectrophotometry. Positive crystalluria was found in 6.4% of urines from patients without lithiasis and in 59% of cases with lithiasis. Only 50% of cases had a pure mineral type. Struvite was the most common (34.3%), then weddellite (33.1%), carbapatite (23.1%), amorphous calcium phosphate (22.7%) and ammonium urate (18.3%). Any of these compounds could be found pure or in combination with others. The other constituents were appreciably less common. All in all, 76 types of crystalluria were demonstrated. Important differences in crystallurias and the bacteria identified were detected as a function of the sex of the patients. Positive correlations were found between a number of bacteria and the crystals with which they are associated. The distribution and the composition of the cases of crystalluria were compared with those of urinary calculi. PMID- 6625232 TI - [Assay of 3-methyl histidine in the urine by gas-phase chromatography: significance of the normal values in adults]. AB - The authors present a method for the assay of urinary 3-methyl histidine (3-MH) by gas phase chromatography. The reference values are established in adult men and women during a free diet and during a non-meat diet. The results, expressed in 3-MH/d and 3-MH/creatinine are discussed in relation to sex and to diet. PMID- 6625234 TI - [Cystine aminopeptidase activity is not a marker of ovarian adenocarcinoma]. PMID- 6625233 TI - [Assessment of fetal maturity by measurement of the phospholipids in the amniotic fluid. Comparison of the results with the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio]. AB - The authors explored the possibility of assessing fetal lung maturity by measuring the phospholipids in the amniotic fluid by the enzymatic technique of Takayama et al. [8]. The study was conducted on 41 pregnancies. The results obtained were evaluated comparatively with the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio (L/S). The authors found that the L/S ratio can be used to determine fetal lung maturity in 93% of cases with 2/14 false maturities and 1/27 false immaturities. The assay of the phospholipids containing choline by the method of Takayama et al. [8] gives a much less precise assessment of fetal lung maturity: only 68% of the results were concordant; 5/14 false maturities and 8/27 false immaturities. These differences can be explained by the fact that the method of Takayama et al. [8] takes into account substances which are not related to process of fetal lung maturation. PMID- 6625235 TI - [The International System of Units]. PMID- 6625236 TI - [Study of allergy to general anesthetics and muscle relaxants using the lymphoblast transformation test]. AB - This study aims to test the lymphocyte response in normal subjects and patients who presented an anaphylactoid shock to various anaesthetic and muscle relaxant drugs, by using the lymphoblast transformation test (LTT). The results show that, although the LTT is a specific test, which can be carried out in vitro, it is badly adapted to the biological diagnosis of anaphylactic drug accidents on the whole, because of a possible non specific lymphoblastic transformation in controls or, on the contrary, of false negative results in anaphylaxis. As a consequence of this, and some comparative studies, the diagnosis of drug induced anaphylaxis must rely on skin tests, human basophil degranulation test (HBDT) and the Prausnitz-Kustner test. PMID- 6625237 TI - [Acute gangrenous acalculous cholecystitis disclosed by postoperative septic shock]. AB - Three cases of acute gangrenous acalculous cholecystitis, revealed by a postoperative septic shock, are reported. Clinical examination was negative and the surgery gave the diagnosis. Infection with biliary stasis and ischaemia accounts for this pathological entity. The very serious prognosis of this condition can only be reversed by cholecystectomy. PMID- 6625238 TI - [Delayed extradural hematoma during continuous monitoring of intracranial pressure]. PMID- 6625239 TI - [Iatrogenic acute pulmonary edema during gastric lavage]. PMID- 6625241 TI - [Severe poisoning by antihypertensive drugs, treated with hemoperfusion]. PMID- 6625240 TI - [Withdrawal syndrome after stopping fentanyl sedation in neurological intensive care]. PMID- 6625243 TI - [Quantitative study of pain in man. Validity of a simple instrument]. AB - A generator producing painful stimuli every 20 ms by way of 2 ms square wave electrical impulses was used to study pain quantitatively, and the reliability of the measurements carried out on 24 healthy volunteers. The parameters measured were the levels of detection, pain and tolerance. The results showed that these levels were both stable and reproducible. However, there were very important individual differences. PMID- 6625242 TI - [Studying pulmonary mechanics in intensive care]. AB - Assessing pulmonary function in critically ill patients is difficult, mainly because of lack of cooperation, artificial ventilation and jeopardized vital functions. We describe bedside methods and mobile equipment used to measure lung volumes, static pulmonary and thoracic compliance. The analysis of single and multiple-breath nitrogen washout curves allows an estimation of closing volume and an assessment of the inhomogeneity of ventilation. The use of a microcomputer facilitates recording, calculation, reproduction and classification of the data; it also permits the collection of more information in a shorter time, allowing the adjustment of mechanical ventilation to the underlying pulmonary disease. PMID- 6625244 TI - [Plexus block by the axillary route]. PMID- 6625245 TI - [Sodium nitroprusside and coronary surgery]. AB - The anti-hypertensive properties of sodium nitroprusside have been tested in 20 patients undergoing coronary arterial surgery. Were measured the arterial pressure, heart rate, mean right atrial pressure and mean left atrial pressure. The cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance and left ventricular stroke work index were deduced. A dose of 0.8 to 3 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1 sodium nitroprusside was given at the start of surgery, and immediately afterwards. The results showed a decrease of the systemic vascular resistance, a significant drop of arterial pressure, and a significant increase of heart rate as well as a tendency for the cardiac output to fall, probably because of insufficient vascular filing. When the mean left atrial pressure was kept at 14.8 +/- 3 mmHg (1.97 +/- 0.40 kPa), and left ventricular stroke work index fell, whilst cardiac output increased. Sodium nitroprusside seemed to be useful in coronary arterial surgery if used with care. PMID- 6625246 TI - [Electroencephalographic study of pediatric anesthesia with intramuscular methohexital]. AB - Intramuscular methohexital was used in pediatric anesthesia to carry out special investigations. There seemed to be few side effects but twitches or seizures have been reported. An electroencephalographic study was performed in normal children. The electroencephalogram showed periods of increased amplitude. The authors discussed the problem of side effects following the intramuscular administration of methohexital in the normal child, and prescribed its use in the epileptic. PMID- 6625247 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of flunitrazepam in cardiac patients during anesthetic induction]. AB - The hemodynamic effects of flunitrazepam were studied in eight coronary patients (group I) and in six patients with compensated cardiac failure (group II) during the induction of anesthesia with droperidol 5 mg and fentanyl 4 micrograms . kg 1. A right sided cardiac catheterization was performed to measure cardiac output by thermodilution. In coronary patients, the hemodynamic parameters were only slightly modified (NS). Cardiac output (-12.7%) and oxygen consumption (-20.4%) decreased; Pvo2 increased from 6.4 +/- 0.1 to 7.3 +/- 0.3 kPa. In patients with cardiac failure, significant cardiovascular changes were not observed. Arterial pressure (-13%), cardiac output (-2.6%), oxygen consumption (-6%) and systemic vascular resistance (-13.4%) decreased; Pvo2 increased from 6.4 +/- 0.5 to 6.8 +/ 0.7 kPa. In both groups, heart rate and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure were unchanged. There was only a significant difference (p less than 0.05) between the decrease in systemic resistance in group II and in the absence of change in systemic resistance in group I. Decrease in oxygen consumption be decrease in oxygen demand could explain the slight decrease in cardiac output. Flunitrazepam was a good hypnotic for the induction of anesthesia in normovolaemic coronary patients and in patients with compensated cardiac failure. PMID- 6625248 TI - [Comparison of the hemodynamic effects of midazolam-fentanyl and thiopental fentanyl combinations in the induction of general anesthesia]. AB - The hemodynamic changes during anesthetic induction for elective abdominal aortic surgery were studied in two groups of patients. Group M (9 patients) received midazolam 0.3 mg . kg-1 and fentanyl 6 micrograms . kg-1. Group T (10 patients) received thiopentone 6 mg . kg-1 and fentanyl 5 micrograms . kg-1. The radial and pulmonary arteries were catheterized under local anesthesia. An intravenous infusion was administered in order to normalize pulmonary wedge pressure. Systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures, pulmonary wedge pressure, cardiac output and heart rate were measured after the infusion and 5 min after intubation. Mean arterial pressure showed a statistically significant reduction in both groups. Cardiac index remained unchanged in group M, but was significantly diminished in group T. There was no significant reduction in the systemic vascular resistance index for group M, but group T showed a statistically significant increase. This study confirmed the good hemodynamic tolerance of the midazolam induction technique, even with a high dose of 0.3 mg . kg-1. PMID- 6625249 TI - [Acid-base equilibrium and vascular exclusion of the liver: study of 30 extensive hepatectomies]. AB - The acid-base disorders after hepatic vascular exclusion (HVE) were studied in 30 major liver resections. HVE included portal triad clamping and occlusion of the inferior vena cava below and above the liver, without venous shunt nor cooling. Clamping of the supra-coeliac abdominal aorta (AoC) was associated with HVE in 12 patients. HVE lasted 18 to 65 min (mean 37 min). Liver ischemia and splanchnic blood pooling resulted in metabolic acidosis and hyperlactatemia. In order to prevent his acidosis, prophylactic administration of NaHCO23 was used during the first 19 cases. This induced significant metabolic alkalosis during HVE and the early postoperative period; increasing experience made us reduce the amount of NaHCO3. After the release of the clamps, Paco2 increased 25% following HVE without AoC (p less than 0.001) and 53% following HVE with AoC (p less than 0.001). In an attempt to distinguish between the effects of the metabolic acidosis and the rise of Paco2 in the fall of pH which occurred after removal of the clamps, NAaHCO3 was deliberately not given in the last 11 patients. Acidosis appeared to be greater with AoC than without and mainly related to the rise of Paco2. A fall of Paco2 to its initial value was always followed by the return of pH to the normal range. This study demonstrated the human ability to correct spontaneously the acidosis which followed HVE. The need for NaHCO3 after HVE reflected a poor hemodynamic state after major liver resection rather than a metabolic consequence of hepatic ischaemia. PMID- 6625250 TI - [Postpartum cardiomyopathy attributed to the use of beta-mimetics]. AB - A case of post-partum cardiomyopathy probably due to salbutamol is described. The patient was a young primipara without any cardiovascular disease. She presented a sudden left ventricular failure after Caesarean section for twins: salbutamol had not been given for a week. After 10 days' treatment with diuretics and vasodilators, the patient was cured, no sequellae remaining. It seemed the mechanism was multifactorial: direct myocardial injury, a reduction in the number of receptors, peripheral haemodynamic changes. PMID- 6625251 TI - [Acute Actinobacillus actinomycetem comitans aortic endocarditis]. AB - A 55 year old man presented an acute massive primary aortic endocarditis, with blood cultures showing the presence of Actinobacillus actinomycetem comitans. The rapidly worsening character of this endocarditis, which required an emergency valve replacement, was the hallmark of this case. The clinical and haemodynamic signs of the often missed massive acute aortic incompetence are recalled. PMID- 6625252 TI - [Fulminant infectious syndrome after post-traumatic splenectomy]. AB - A 49 year old woman presented a very serious infectious state with respiratory failure, on the third postoperative day following splenectomy for a traumatic ruptured spleen. Despite massive antibiotic treatment and treatment of the respiratory failure, the patient died. The responsibility of the splenectomy in this infection with many different organisms and the failure of antibiotics is discussed. PMID- 6625253 TI - [Severe confusion following a theophylline-cimetidine combination]. AB - Cimetidine and theophylline were given together to a 67 year old chronic bronchitic post-operatively: the patient became very confused, shook of all his limbs, vomited, and presented a tachycardia. The greater than normal blood levels of theophylline (27.8 mg . 1(-1) confirmed its involvement in this clinical state. But, as there was no real overdose, the simultaneous administration of cimetidine was probably responsible for inducing this state. Three days after stopping this treatment, the disorder had completely disappeared. PMID- 6625254 TI - [Voluntary poisoning by intravenous injection of caustic soda]. AB - A voluntary intoxication by injection in the left basilic vein of 10 ml of concentrated caustic soda is reported. The main effects were, besides local necrosis, haemolysis, acute renal failure with initial anuresis, intravascular coagulation and cyanosis with a normal Pao2 due to methaemalbuminaemia. This was confirmed by using the usual spectrophotometric methods as well as electrophoretic methods. PMID- 6625255 TI - [29th French Congress of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, 4th Franco-Quebec Seminar, International Meeting of French-Speaking Anesthesists and Intensive Care Physicians. Lille, 22-24 September 1983]. PMID- 6625256 TI - Steady-state analysis and evaluation of a new thermal sensor for surface measurements of tissue perfusion. AB - The steady-state response and operating characteristics of a new thermal sensor for surface measurements of local tissue perfusion have been analyzed theoretically and evaluated in vivo. The flow measurement system incorporates an electrically isolated thin-film thermal sensor, which is maintained at a fixed temperature by high frequency response electronic circuitry. The sensor rests on the tissue surface, and the power required to maintain a fixed probe to tissue temperature elevation is measured and related to tissue blood flow. A theoretical analysis of the steady-state probe response to flow changes was carried out employing the bio-heat-transfer equation and a solution based on Fourier series to describe the temperature distribution within the tissue domain. A comparison of steady-state theory to results obtained from initial experimental tests on the surface of the dog heart, over a perfusion range 0.51 to 2,00 ml/min/g, shows close agreement. The probe demonstrates good sensitivity to flow changes, provides stable and continuous measurements, and appears promising for both research and clinical applications. PMID- 6625257 TI - An improved method for water vapor detection. AB - We describe improvements in and details for the construction, calibration and use of a device using a thermal conductivity cell for the measurement of low-level rates of water evaporation (E) from a small surface area. E is measured from 0.0 to 1.0 mg . min-1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 between measured and independently verified rates and amounts of water evaporation. Data are available as a recordable analog d.c. voltage as well as in digital display for E and for the amount of water evaporated during an operator defined time period. The device we describe is noninvasive and it is designed to be constructed of conventional components. It is useful not only for measuring transcutaneous water diffusion in normal and diseased skin, but also it is adequately sensitive and rapidly responding to follow thermoregulatory and psychogenic sweating in small (nom. 1.0 cm2) skin areas. It can also be used to measure accurately and precisely the rates at which water is adsorbed by and removed from inanimate materials, as well as to determine how much water they store. PMID- 6625259 TI - Chest roentgenographic findings in 26 patients with traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta. AB - The initial 100-cm anteroposterior (AP) supine chest roentgenograms of 26 patients with proven traumatic aortic rupture were reviewed. The 20 male patients and six female patients ranged in age from 12 to 75 years. Distortion of normal aortic contour or blurring of the aortic outline occurred in 23 cases. Opacification of the radiolucent space between the aorta and pulmonary artery was seen in 22 instances. The mean mediastinal width, measured at the superior border of the anterior fourth rib, was 9.4 cm. Obliteration of the medial aspect of the left upper lung field was observed on 13 films. Obliteration of the shadow of the descending aorta, hemopneumothorax, and tracheal shift to the right each occurred in 17, 14, and 12 cases, respectively. This study illustrates that distortion or blurring of the aortic arch contour, opacification of the clear space between the aorta and pulmonary artery, and increased mediastinal width (mean = 9.4 cm) are the most frequently occurring abnormalities on the initial AP supine chest films of patients with traumatic aortic rupture. Such findings should arouse the suspicion of aortic rupture, and warrant aortography. PMID- 6625258 TI - Measurement of sweating rate with capacitance sensors. AB - A new forced-evaporation type skin capsule for measuring local sweat gland activity in humans is described and details of its construction and problems of calibration are presented. The capsule is self-contained, portable, and inexpensive making it well suited for use in arrays to make multiple simultaneous determinations on adjacent skin areas. Sweat is evaporated from the skin surface by a stream of dry nitrogen gas; subsequent changes in capsule relative humidity and temperature are measured by a commercially available thin-film capacitance sensor and a solid-state current regulating device, respectively. These changes are measured within the capsule itself so no external water vapor analyzer is needed. Data acquisition and evaporation rate calculations are handled by an on line microcomputer. PMID- 6625260 TI - The Hyatt Regency skywalk collapse: an EMS-based disaster response. AB - The Hyatt Regency skywalk collapse (July 17, 1981) provided the emergency medical services system of Kansas City, Missouri, with its greatest challenge ever. Utilizing an EMS-based, centralized, city-wide disaster plan, the rescue operation encountered 113 dead and 188 multiply traumatized patients. The rescue operation could be divided into three areas: initial response, onset triage, and delayed extrication. Success of the operation was credited to several factors, including the centralized urban location of the collapse, short patient transport times, centralized ambulance dispatch, availability of ALS vehicles and personnel to the scene, and mutual aid response. Short-comings of the rescue that became apparent on critical review of the response included poor communications at the scene, lack of physician bystander control, and the need for identification of key personnel at the site. Success in responding to the health care needs of a disaster included a flexible and well-organized disaster response plan as well as the support of a health care system capable of picking up the pieces of the psychological aftermath. PMID- 6625261 TI - Catheter introducers for rapid fluid resuscitation. AB - Catheter introducer sets developed for placement of Swan-Ganz catheters are useful as temporary large-diameter lines in hypovolemic patients. The internal diameters of 8 F introducers exceed the diameter of standard intravenous tubing. We compared an 8 F introducer to other catheters and found the introducer had a significantly faster flow rate than did a 14-gauge cannula (P less than .05). Introducers were placed successfully, without any serious complications, in 42 of 47 severely ill patients. Because catheter introducers may be inserted percutaneously into any large vein above or below the diaphragm, they are ideal for rapid fluid resuscitation. PMID- 6625263 TI - Disaster medicine training in France. AB - We describe the disaster medicine training program that has been developed in France by the anesthesia-reanimation specialists who provide emergency medical services. The diploma course is presented twice yearly over a two-week period to physicians of all disciplines. The 71-hour didactic program covers the background of disasters, various plans and strategies, tactics and logistics, techniques, and victim assessment and treatment. This is followed by a field exercise. Graduates then participate in a full-scale mock disaster exercise that lasts two days to one week. The development of such a course illustrates the attention that nations worldwide are giving to specialized physician training in disaster preparedness. PMID- 6625262 TI - Evaluating the medical literature. Part II: Statistical analysis. AB - We have attempted to provide sufficient information to enable the reader to verify that the investigator has used an appropriate statistical test for the evaluation of his study data. We have not discussed the actual calculation of the tests presented. With the wide availability of computers and programmable calculators, it is safe to assume that the investigator has performed the necessary mathematics accurately. Instead of assessing the accuracy of these calculations, the reader should verify that the correct statistical test was chosen in the first place. The astute reader may be surprised at how frequently an incorrect test is used. Merely achieving statistical significance does not characterize the author's data as clinically important. Neither does it, in and of itself, prove one agent superior to another nor prove a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables. When appropriately interpreted, however, statistical analysis can be a very useful and powerful tool in helping to arrive at the "truth." PMID- 6625264 TI - Venomous snakebite in a patient allergic to horse serum. AB - The management of snake envenomation is a clinical challenge. The definitive therapy, antivenin, is potentially harmful and should not be used indiscriminately. However, the morbidity and mortality from the envenomation usually outweigh any adverse reactions to the antivenin therapy. Most reactions can be divided into two general categories: type I (immediate hypersensitivity) reaction, which may be life-threatening, and the more common type III (immune complex) reaction characterized by serum sickness. It is vital to evaluate the patient's potential for developing adverse reactions from antivenin and to be prepared to provide appropriate therapy. The administration of epinephrine and antihistamines can be lifesaving in type I reactions, while steroids and antihistamines can ameliorate type III reactions. PMID- 6625265 TI - Inhalation of products of combustion. AB - The atmosphere of a fire is deadly to breathe. Firefighters or building occupants may be victims of the heat, irritating smoke, depleted oxygen, carbon monoxide, and such other toxic gases as cyanide, hydrogen chloride, and acrolein. Increasing numbers of homes and public buildings are being built and furnished with highly flammable synthetic materials that give off copious smoke and toxic gases when burned. Whether or not there are cutaneous burns, the possibility of inhalation injury must be considered in any fire victim. All victims of a fire environment should be presumed to have CO intoxication and should be treated with 100% oxygen until the HbCO level is within normal limits. In an extreme situation, cyanide intoxication should be suspected and administration of sodium thiosulfate may be lifesaving. Upper airway occlusion may result from thermal damage or edema secondary to burns from soluble toxic gases. Chemical injury to the lower airway and alveoli may result from inhalation of insoluble irritant gases and toxic gases adsorbed on carbon particles. Upper respiratory tract obstruction may be suggested by the clinical presentation (eg, pharyngeal burns, stridor, hoarseness, dysphagia), but only by means of fiberoptic bronchoscopy can it be recognized or excluded with certainty. Intubation may be necessary. Lower respiratory tract injury may be manifest clinically by dyspneas, wheezing and chest tightness, as well as by hypoxemia and reduced FEV1 and FVC. Treatment is symptomatic, but close observation for progressive respiratory insufficiency is necessary. PMID- 6625266 TI - Optimal prehospital advanced life support skills, medications, and equipment. PMID- 6625267 TI - Nuclear war and emergency health care. PMID- 6625268 TI - Cobra envenomation: an uncommon emergency. AB - An unusual case involving a cobra snake envenomation is presented. The patient developed transient neurological sequelae during air evacuation to a regional trauma center and required endotracheal intubation. He developed a hypersensitivity reaction to cobra antivenin which responded to diphenhydramine. The bite wound became edematous and necrotic, but responded to conservative therapy. He was discharged on the fifth hospital day and did well. PMID- 6625269 TI - Microwave radiation injury. AB - A case of momentary exposure of the right hand to irradiation from a microwave oven is described. Transient paresthesias and a cold, pale hand resulted but resolved spontaneously in 60 minutes without treatment. Even momentary exposure can result in severe coagulation necrosis, with eventual loss of the exposed extremity. PMID- 6625270 TI - The "Locked-In" syndrome following chiropractic manipulation of the cervical spine. AB - Reported is a case of a 34-year-old man, previously in good health, who underwent chiropractic manipulation of the cervical spine for treatment of a recent whiplash injury. Immediately following manipulation, the patient became unresponsive and was found to have sustained a brain stem infarction resulting in the "Locked-In" syndrome. Ten months following the initial insult, he remained tetraplegic and mute but able to communicate by eye blinking and vertical eye movements. PMID- 6625271 TI - The skywalk collapse: a personal response. PMID- 6625272 TI - Snakebite in the United States. PMID- 6625273 TI - Weekend closing of emergency services. PMID- 6625274 TI - Hyperkalemia with succinylcholine. PMID- 6625275 TI - Management of cocaine poisoning. PMID- 6625276 TI - Evaluation of experimental blunt and penetrating hepatobiliary trauma by sequential peritoneal lavage. AB - Peritoneal lavage, when used in the standard way to detect hemoperitoneum, gives no information regarding site or nature of injury. We think that it would be useful for the surgeon to be more able to characterize intraabdominal injuries preoperatively, and that this may be possible by extending the scope and duration of the technique of peritoneal lavage. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the use of sequential peritoneal lavage with extended chemical analysis to precisely define the nature and extent of hepatobiliary trauma in an animal model. Thirty-six dogs were divided randomly among one control and four experimental groups in which sham laparotomy, blunt thoracoabdominal trauma, direct laceration of the liver, liver laceration plus bowel perforation, and gallbladder perforation were carried out. Sequential peritoneal lavage was performed over a six-hour experimental period with simultaneous serum and lavage samples analyzed for red and white blood cells, bile, and enzyme activity (GOT, GPT, and alkaline phosphatase) at four test intervals up to six hours post injury. Our results demonstrate that enzyme activity is easily detectable in lavage effluent after blunt hepatic injury but not after penetrating trauma, and seems to correlate with the extent of hepatocellular disruption. Lavage white cell counts in excess of those anticipated for hemorrhage alone are present only in association with an inflammatory stimulus other than blood or bile. A lavage to-serum-bilirubin ratio of one or more can be expected after gallbladder or extrahepatic biliary perforation. This information may be valuable in the emergency assessment of the trauma patient. PMID- 6625277 TI - Clinical evaluation of the antishock trouser: prospective study of low-pressure inflation. AB - We designed a prospective study to address the question of the adequacy of low pressure (20 to 30 mm Hg) inflation of pneumatic anti-shock trousers when in use on hypotensive patients in the prehospital and emergency department settings. For an eight-month period, all patients who were candidates for pneumatic trousers received a two-stage inflation process. Of 120 patients who received trousers, 91 survived more than 24 hours, and their response to low-pressure inflation was analyzed. The majority (70%) did not respond at low pressure. Those patients who did respond were characterized by a higher initial systolic pressure (P less than .05), indicating that their degree of shock was relatively mild. In responding patients, the response varied, affirming the importance of full clinical assessment. Gauges showing intrasuit pressure are not necessary to evaluate patient condition. PMID- 6625278 TI - Antishock trouser inflation and pulmonary vital capacity. AB - Two models of antishock trousers were studied for the effect of their inflation on the pulmonary function of 20 healthy men. Vital capacity was measured for each model at pressures of 0, 30, 60, and 100 mm Hg. The antishock suit with the abdominal compartment extending over the entire abdomen decreased the vital capacity 13.8% with inflation to a pressure of 100 mm Hg. The antishock suit with a smaller abdominal compartment, considered the standard model, decreased vital capacity only 5% at the same pressure. PMID- 6625279 TI - Outcome of pediatric resuscitation. AB - A one-year prospective study of 105 resuscitations in 74 children was done at Milwaukee Children's Hospital. Resuscitation outcome was correlated to location of arrest, level of monitoring at time of arrest, and type of arrest. Type of arrest was the only analyzed variable that influenced outcome. This study indicates that outcome for children requiring resuscitation for respiratory arrest without cardiac arrest is reasonably good (25% mortality). However, the outcome for children requiring resuscitation for cardiac or cardiorespiratory arrest is poor (87% to 89% mortality or severe morbidity). Children who suffered a respiratory arrest without cardiac arrest had a better outcome than did adults. However, children who had a cardiac or cardiopulmonary arrest had the same poor outcome as did adults. PMID- 6625280 TI - Crisis intervention in an emergency setting. AB - The situational crisis is a period of acute disorganization of affective cognitive and behavioral function precipitated by a traumatic life experience. We review the clinical features of a situational crisis and the four phases of the crisis sequence. Special emphasis is placed on the practical principles of treatment. Recognition of a situational crisis in a patient presenting to the emergency department provides an opportunity for using the initial evaluation as the first step in crisis intervention therapy. This approach often obviates the need for acute hospitalization. PMID- 6625281 TI - Isoniazid overdose treated with high-dose pyridoxine. AB - Large doses of pyridoxine recently have been shown to prevent the seizures and acidosis caused by ingestion of more than two to three grams of isoniazid. We present three cases of massive isoniazid ingestion, producing seizures and acidosis, that were treated successfully by administration of one gram of pyridoxine intravenously for each gram of isoniazid ingested. PMID- 6625282 TI - Severe iron poisoning treated with enteral and intravenous deferoxamine. AB - An 18-month-old boy ingested approximately 18 g FeSO4, equivalent to 336 mg/kg elemental Fe. He rapidly developed severe gastroenteric symptoms, obtundation, and transient hypotension. The serum iron level two hours after ingestion was 6,798 micrograms/dL. He was treated with deferoxamine intravenously, enterally, and as a lavage solution. His hospital course was notable for lack of severe neurologic, hepatic, metabolic, or cardiovascular complications acutely with apparent complete recovery, although he returned six weeks after ingestion with intestinal obstruction due to a jejunal stricture. PMID- 6625283 TI - Delirium with phenytoin and disulfiram administration. AB - The case of a 54-year-old man with delirium secondary to phenytoin and disulfiram administration is presented. The pharmacology, interaction, and resulting toxicity of these two drugs are explored. The patient made an uneventful recovery when the medications were withheld. PMID- 6625284 TI - Hypoparathyroidism: an unusual cause of seizures. AB - A 73-year-old woman with hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcemic seizures was treated successfully with intravenous calcium. These symptoms developed 19 years after thyroid surgery. Prior to this admission, there had been many opportunities to make the diagnosis, had it been considered. Chronic hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism may present with varying signs and symptoms. PMID- 6625285 TI - Assessment of allergy to local anesthetic. AB - A 57-year-old woman with a history of allergy to local anesthetics was referred to us to be admitted for a general anesthetic for removal of a sliver from her finger. Because allergic reaction to local anesthetics often is caused by an anesthetic other than lidocaine, or is due to the carrier vehicle in the diluent, a skin test with pure lidocaine was performed. After showing no reaction, the patient was given the standard dose of lidocaine and the sliver was removed in the emergency department. The patient was discharged home with no sequelae. PMID- 6625286 TI - Testicular torsion in the older patient. AB - A 40-year-old man presented with severe right-sided scrotal pain and was proven to have a 720-degree right testicular torsion. Fewer than 50 documented cases of testicular torsion have been reported in men over the age of thirty. The anatomical predisposition for torsion generally selects these individuals early in life. Rapid diagnosis allowed for surgical correction and testicular salvage. We outline an expedient diagnostic approach for these difficult cases with use of the Doppler ultrasound and the technetium (99mTc) testicular scan. PMID- 6625287 TI - Treatment for alcohol withdrawal syndrome. PMID- 6625288 TI - Lidocaine levels in CPR. PMID- 6625289 TI - The "sniffing bar". PMID- 6625290 TI - Complications of TAC. PMID- 6625291 TI - Phenylbutazone toxicosis in the foal. PMID- 6625292 TI - Sensory nerve conduction velocities in forelimb of ponies. AB - Normal nerve conduction velocity values in 10 ponies were determined for sensory nerve fibers in the median and ulnar nerves. A percutaneous signal-averaging technique was developed and used. Medial and lateral palmar digital nerves on the abaxial surface of the proximal sesamoid bones were used as the sites for percutaneous stimulation, whereas recording sites included the medial and lateral palmar nerves just distal to the carpus and the median and ulnar nerves in the middle of the radius. Sensory nerve conduction velocities can be evaluated simply and clinically in the limbs of horses, using percutaneous signal-averaging techniques. PMID- 6625293 TI - Using red blood cell creatine concentration to evaluate the equine erythropoietic response. AB - Red blood cell creatine concentration was examined to determine its association with the equine erythropoietic response. Studies were conducted on 9 healthy horses, 4 healthy ponies, 24 anemia horses, and 2 horses in which anemia was experimentally induced. A modified Jaffe reaction was used to measure RBC creatine concentration. The mean RBC creatine concentration of the 9 healthy horses was 5.72 +/- 0.42 mg/dl, and that of the 4 healthy ponies was 2.59 +/- 0.31 mg/dl. Density-separation of erythrocytes from the healthy horses revealed significantly higher (P less than 0.001) creatine content (7.72 +/- 0.57 mg/dl) in the young RBC populations than in the old RBC populations (4.03 +/- 0.27 mg/dl). The RBC creatine content was assayed in 19 hot-blooded horses which were anemic due to a variety of causes. Of these anemic horses, 12 with PCV between 25% and 30% had a mean RBC creatine concentration of 6.12 +/- 0.46 mg/dl. The 7 other anemic horses with PCV less than 25% had a mean RBC creatine value of 6.07 +/- 0.12 mg/dl. Bone marrow films were examined from 5 anemic horses and in the 2 horses in which anemia was experimentally induced. The RBC creatine concentration correlated positively (P less than 0.001) with the reticulocyte count in the bone marrow and negatively with the myeloid-erythroid ratio (P less than 0.001). PMID- 6625294 TI - Cytologic observations of the bovine teat end. AB - Cells infiltrating from the vasculature and histologic components of internal tissues of teats (mammary papilla) from noninfected udder quarters were studied, using light and electron microscopy. Morphometric analysis demonstrated a progressive increase in number of infiltrating cells from the distal teat cistern (sinus papillaris) to the junction of the Furstenberg's rosette (distal termination and convergence of mucosal folds lining the teat cistern) and the streak canal (ductus papillaris). Plasma cells contributed to cellular increases in subepithelial connective tissue and were the most prevalent infiltrating cell type. Plasma cells also penetrated the basal epithelial lining of the rosette area and occasionally migrated to the luminal surface near the squamocolumnar junction. Neutrophils and monocytes contributed to the increase in cells infiltrating the epithelial lining. Few infiltrating cells were observed in epithelium and underlying stroma of the streak canal. Cytologic comparison demonstrated a reduction in all cell types from lactating to involuting phases of lactation. Greater numbers of plasma cells, lymphocytes, and monocytes were observed in teat end tissues from quarters previously infected with Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 6625295 TI - Role of predominant rumen bacteria in the cause of polioencephalomalacia (cerebrocortical necrosis) in cattle. AB - Rumen contents of 2 heifers with acute polioencephalomalacia (cerebrocortical necrosis) were compared with rumen contents from a healthy steer fed a fibrous diet. Also examined were (i) the quantitative nature of the predominant rumen microflora, (ii) the distribution of morphologic types of bacteria in the rumen contents, (iii) the extent that morphologic groups produced or degraded thiamine, and (iv) the cumulative effects of metabolic activities of the predominant rumen bacteria concerning the net production or degradation of thiamine. The differences in the frequency of occurrence of particular bacterial morphologic groups, the extent of growth, and the amount of thiamine metabolism in relationship to growth were also evaluated. The cumulative thiamine metabolism of the predominant bacteria associated with the rumen of polioencephalomalacia affected heifers led to substantial net thiamine destruction, whereas metabolism associated with the rumen of a normal steer led to thiamine production. Polioencephalomalacia may occur as a consequence of alteration of the metabolic activities of the predominant resident ruminal bacteria associated with diseased cattle. PMID- 6625297 TI - Clinical, clinicopathologic, and pathologic alterations of monensin toxicosis in swine. PMID- 6625296 TI - Acute monensin toxicosis in swine: effect of graded doses of monensin and protection of swine by pretreatment with selenium-vitamin E. PMID- 6625299 TI - Hydralazine pharmacodynamics in the dog. AB - The pharmacodynamics of hydralazine, an arteriolar dilator, were studied in dogs with induced heart failure. The dogs were studied 5 days after heart failure was induced by injecting microspheres into the left circumflex coronary artery. All dogs had a stroke volume index less than 25 ml/beat/m2 of body surface and a left ventricular filling pressure greater than or equal to 16 mm of Hg. Approximately 1 mg of hydralazine/kg of body weight was administered orally each hour until the total systemic resistance index decreased below 1,700 dynes . s X cm-5 X m2. The drug effect was monitored hemodynamically until it dissipated. Hydralazine increased the cardiac index from 3.06 +/- 0.47 (+/- SD) to 6.81 +/- 0.87 L/min/m2 (P less than 0.01), stroke volume index from 20.9 +/- 1.6 to 36.8 +/- 9.3 ml/beat/m2 (P less than 0.01), and heart rate from 146.2 +/- 17.2 to 187.8 +/- 42.8 beats/min (P less than 0.05). It decreased mean arterial pressure from 111.5 +/- 20.4 to 83.8 +/- 4.7 mm of Hg (P less than 0.05) and total systemic resistance index from 2,903 +/- 149 to 992 +/- 83 dynes . s X cm-5 X m2 (P less than 0.001). It did not affect left ventricular filling pressure or contractility. Peak drug effect occurred at 3 to 5 hours after drug administration and duration of effect was 11 to 13 hours. Recurrence of ventricular dysrhythmias occurred in 2 dogs and 1 dog died during a recurrence. Hydralazine improved cardiac performance in the dog with left ventricular failure. PMID- 6625298 TI - Subcellular biochemical studies of a naturally occurring enteropathy in the dog resembling chronic tropical sprue in human beings. AB - Subcellular biochemical features of a naturally occurring enteropathy in the dog resembling chronic tropical sprue in human beings were examined. Affected dogs had reduced xylose absorption and low concentrations of serum folate, RBC folate, and serum vitamin B12. Histologic examination of peroral jejunal biopsy specimens revealed villous atrophy and a variable infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells in the lamina propria. Biochemical assessment of the principal subcellular organelles was achieved by the assay of specific marker enzymes in homogenized jejunal biopsy specimens and in the gradient fractions after isopyknic centrifugation on continuous sucrose-density gradients. Activities of brush border marker enzymes were reduced. However, there was no change in the equilibrium density of this organelle, indicating that these quantitative brush border changes were not accompanied by an alteration in the composition of the microvillous membrane. Activities of lysosomal enzymes were increased, and there was evidence of enhanced lysosomal fragility and a proliferation of the endoplasmic reticulum. These findings were consistent with an impairment of the functional capacity of the small intestinal mucosa and implicated lysosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum in the disease process. PMID- 6625300 TI - Radiographic diagnosis of canine pregnancy: onset of fetal skeletal radiopacity in relation to times of breeding, preovulatory luteinizing hormone release, and parturition. AB - The onset and progression of canine fetal skeletal radiopacity were studied in relation to the times of mating, the preovulatory peak in serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, and parturition for each of 6 pregnancies. Lateral radiographs were obtained at 2- to 3-day intervals 30 days after mating and at 1- to 2-day intervals during the period fetal skeletons became radiopaque. Radiographs were assessed as to whether fetal elements were absent, barely discernible, distinct, or obvious. Fetal skeletal elements were 1st detected 20 to 21 days before parturition (42 to 52 days after mating and 44 to 47 days after the LH peak). Radiographs of fetal skeletons, sufficiently distinct for an unequivocal diagnosis of pregnancy, were obtained 17 to 20 days before parturition (43 to 54 days after mating and 46 to 49 days after the LH peak). PMID- 6625301 TI - Hemodynamics during experimental gastric dilatation-volvulus in dogs. AB - Gastric dilatation-volvulus (at 30 mm of Hg of gastric pressure) was experimentally induced in 8 dogs under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia. Hemodynamic indices including cardiac output, mean aortic pressure, left ventricular end diastolic pressure, heart rate, total peripheral resistance, and dp/dtmax were measured during a 180-minute period of gastric dilatation-volvulus and for 120 minutes after gastric decompression. Experimental gastric dilatation volvulus resulted in significant (P less than 0.05) decreases in cardiac output (64%), mean aortic pressure (48%), left ventricular end diastolic pressure (68%), and ventricular dp/dtmax (32%) compared to 4 control dogs. Hemodynamic indices returned toward control values after gastric decompression. It was concluded that gastric dilatation-volvulus in the present experiment was capable of inducing hemodynamic alterations of a magnitude similar to those reported in gastric dilatation studies, using higher gastric pressures. PMID- 6625302 TI - Isovolumetric indices and humoral cardioactive substance bioassay during clinical and experimentally induced gastric dilatation-volvulus in dogs. AB - Plasma collected from 6 experimentally induced and 29 clinical cases of gastric dilatation-volvulus was assayed for cardioactive substances utilizing isolated canine papillary muscles. The results were correlated with in vivo isovolumetric indices of myocardial contractility observed during experimental gastric dilatation-volvulus in the dog. Cardioactive substances were not detected during experimental gastric dilatation-volvulus. Two experimental dogs showed a cardiostimulatory response and 4 experimental dogs showed a cardiodepressant response following gastric decompression. Cardioactive substance bioassays correlated well with isovolumetric indices in experimental dogs. The variable response in cardioactive substance bioassay observed in experimental dogs was consistent with clinical gastric dilatation-volvulus bioassays which produced a widely variable response ranging from strongly cardiostimulatory to strongly cardiodepressant. PMID- 6625303 TI - Scanning electron microscopic studies of adverse effects of ammonia on tracheal tissues of turkeys. AB - Effects of 10 and 40 microliter of NH3/L of air (10 and 40 ppm) on the tracheal tissues of turkeys were examined under the scanning electron microscope. Turkeys maintained in the presence of either level of NH3 had deterioration of their normal mucociliary apparatus after prolonged exposure. Excessive mucous production, matted cilia, and areas of deciliation in the tracheal tissues were detected in birds exposed to NH3 concentrations as low as 10 microliters/L. The tracheal tissues of birds not exposed to NH3 appeared normal. The implications of respiratory tract damage caused by NH3 are discussed. PMID- 6625304 TI - Motor nerve conduction velocity in normal chickens. AB - Muscle potentials evoked by proximal and distal tibial nerve stimulation were evaluated and used to calculate motor nerve conduction velocity in 65 chickens. Two potentials analogous to the M and F waves recorded in persons consistently were evoked. The mean tibial motor nerve conduction velocity +/- SD of the birds was 32.3 +/- 4.0 m/s. This value varied significantly (P less than 0.05) with both age and cloacal temperature. PMID- 6625305 TI - Marek's disease virus-induced transient paralysis: clinical and electrophysiologic findings in susceptible and resistant lines of chickens. AB - Results of neurologic examination, EEG, and motor nerve conduction velocity quantitation were analyzed in a line of chickens susceptible to Marek's disease virus-induced transient paralysis and compared with findings in a resistant line. Both lines were evaluated on the day before virus inoculation (day 1; base line) and on days 12 and 19. The susceptible birds frequently became depressed and paretic on day 11 or 12 and then recovered, and the resistant line rarely was affected clinically. The EEG of clinically affected birds from the susceptible line correlated well with the clinical course of the disease. Electroencephalographic abnormalities were absent in these birds at base line, evident at 12 days, and had remitted when they were reevaluated on day 19. The pattern in these clinically affected birds was predominantly low voltage-fast activity with frequent spikes. In contrast, the EEG recorded in resistant birds remained essentially the same throughout the study. Mean motor nerve conduction velocity values for the 2 lines of birds did not differ significantly when compared either between or within groups. These findings indicate that Marek's disease virus-induced transient paralysis may be an inflammatory encephalopathy. PMID- 6625306 TI - Antibiotic-associated colitis due to Clostridium difficile in a Kodiak bear. AB - Clostridium difficile and its toxins usually are present in feces of laboratory animals and persons with antibiotic-associated colitis. We report antibiotic associated colitis in a captive Kodiak bear (Alaskan brown bear, Ursus arctos) in which C difficile and its cytotoxin were found in feces. This indicates that the colitis associated with C difficile and its toxins can occur in nonlaboratory large animals and that this organism may be the causative agent in certain cases of idiopathic colitis in animals. This case also indicates that nonlaboratory animals may be a source of the organism. PMID- 6625307 TI - Ultrastructure of the equine hoof wall secondary epidermal lamellae. AB - The ultrastructure of cells of the secondary epidermal lamellae from the hoof wall of 8 adult horses was described. Stages of progressive keratinization were not observed in this cell population. The morphologic features of cells of the secondary epidermal lamellae indicated that these lamellae were composed of nonmobile populations of cells and that primary epidermal lamellae moved past the secondary lamellae by breaking of the desmosomes connecting these 2 cell populations. Seemingly, debris present in the intercellular space between primary and secondary lamellae was a by-product of this remodeling. PMID- 6625308 TI - Composition of sweat of the horse during prolonged epinephrine (adrenaline) infusion, heat exposure, and exercise. AB - Temporal changes in sweat composition were studied in 4 horses during epinephrine (adrenaline) infusion (0.13 to 0.31 micrograms/kg/min for 3 hours), heat exposure (41 C, [33 C wet bulb] for 5 to 6 hours), and exercise (16 to 18 km/hr for 58 to 80 km). Four ponies also were studied during heat exposure. Sweat produced by each of the stimuli was hypertonic for Na+, K+, and Cl-. These electrolyte concentrations remained constant during the central period of the experiments, with changes occurring near the beginning and toward the end. The Na+ was significantly higher and K+ significantly lower in epinephrine-induced sweat than in heat-induced sweat, and the pattern of change in sweat Na/K ratio varied among the 3 stimuli. The Ca2+ concentration decreased with time and was hypotonic after 15 minutes of epinephrine-induced sweating. Concentrations of Mg2+ and protein decreased exponentially with time. There was a high correlation between them, although the Mg2+ was not protein-bound. Sweat urea concentration was directly related to plasma urea concentration. When plasma glucose concentration became greater than 10 to 12 mmole/L during epinephrine infusion, glucose appeared in the sweat and its concentration rose to 8 to 12 mmole/L of sweat when plasma glucose was more than 20 mmole/L. PMID- 6625309 TI - Procaine in the urine of racing Greyhounds: possible sources. AB - Greyhounds (n = 25) were given procaine in the form of procaine HCl or procaine penicillin G or were fed meat prepared from a heifer given procaine penicillin G on 3 consecutive days before slaughter. Dogs given procaine HCl or procaine penicillin G were given daily doses equivalent to 9 mg of procaine/kg. Urine samples were collected from the dogs twice daily before dosing, during the dosing period, and for 4 days after final dose administration. All dogs excreted detectable concentrations of procaine in the urine, regardless of the dose form or route of administration. Blood plasma samples were prepared from 10 Greyhounds to determine procaine esterase activity. Hydrolysis of procaine by plasma esterases did not occur. Low plasma procaine esterase activity, coupled with rapid oral absorption of procaine, resulted in high urinary concentrations of the parent drug in dogs given procaine HCl or procaine penicillin G (9 mg/kg). Even in the dogs given relatively small doses (0.85 mg/kg) of procaine in the form of meat residues, urinary procaine concentrations were found. The results of these studies indicate that procaine is rapidly absorbed following oral administration and that meat from livestock given procaine penicillin before slaughter may serve as a source of urinary procaine in Greyhounds consuming the meat. PMID- 6625310 TI - Orthovoltage radiation of normal canine nasal passages: assessment of depth dose. AB - Frozen heads of 9 clinically normal dogs were irradiated with orthovoltage x rays. Surface doses and nasal cavity depth doses were measured, and the percentage of surface dose (depth dose) was calculated at random depths from the dorsal cutaneous surface in transverse planes through the medial and lateral canthi. Depth dose of 2 orthovoltage x-ray beams having half-value layers of 1.5 mm of Cu (96 keV) and 2.6 mm of Cu (134 keV) were compared with and found to resemble that reported in depth dose tables based on soft tissue equivalent material. Any differences (identified graphically) in depth dose, compared with that described using a uniform (soft tissue equivalent) phantom, were explained by the variations in tissue composition and the presence of air within the normal nasal and paranasal cavities. PMID- 6625312 TI - Inhibitory and lethal activities of rosaramicin, erythromycin, and clindamycin against Campylobacter fetus subsp jejuni and intestinalis. AB - In a comparative study of the inhibitory and lethal effects of rosaramicin, erythromycin, and clindamycin on strains of Campylobacter fetus subsp jejuni and C intestinalis, C jejuni was more readily killed by rosaramicin and clindamycin than was C intestinalis. Erythromycin exhibited an equally lethal effect against both subspecies. However, it was the least active of the macrolides tested against both C jejuni and C intestinalis. PMID- 6625311 TI - Resistance of Rowett athymic (nude) rats to casein-induced amyloidosis. AB - Rowett athymic (nude) rats (n = 18) were injected subcutaneously (36 to 86 injections) or intraperitoneally (10 to 56 injections) with 10% casein solution to attempt to induce amyloidosis. Neither the injected nor the control rats had gross or microscopic evidence of amyloid deposition. Serum beta- and gamma globulin concentrations were significantly higher in the injected rats than in the control rats. There were no significant changes in blood urea nitrogen or serum alanine aminotransferase values of the experimental groups compared to the control groups. The relationship of amyloidosis to deficient cell-mediated immunity and the use of the nude rat for the study of the pathogenesis of amyloidosis are discussed. PMID- 6625313 TI - Brucella antibody identification. PMID- 6625314 TI - Development of colonies of Anaplasma marginale in the gut of incubated Dermacentor andersoni. PMID- 6625315 TI - Influence of mycoplasma preinfection on the expression of Moraxella bovis pathogenicity. PMID- 6625316 TI - Ultrastructural myocardial alterations in monensin toxicosis of cattle. PMID- 6625317 TI - Zinc concentrations in skimmed milk and whole milk samples from healthy and mastitic cows. AB - Zinc concentrations were determined in skimmed milk and whole milk samples from healthy and mastitic cows. During spontaneous and induced mastitis, a marked decrease of Zn concentration in skimmed milk from the mastitic quarters was observed. Seemingly, there are 2 mechanisms involved in the lowering of Zn concentration in skimmed milk from mastitic quarters: a decline in Zn probably as a consequence of decreases in plasma Zn concentrations and an abrupt redistribution of Zn in the inflamed quarters. PMID- 6625318 TI - Respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in young calves: clinical and pathologic findings. AB - Nine young calves given respiratory syncytial virus by a combined intranasal and intratracheal route developed a severe respiratory tract disease in which coughing, tachypnea, and hyperpnea were prominent clinical features. Calves were euthanatized on postinoculation (initial) days (PID) 1 to 13. At necropsy, large areas of consolidation were present in the cranial, middle, accessory, and cranial parts of the caudal lung lobes of calves killed between PID 4 and 13. Histopathologic examination revealed widespread and severe lesions in small bronchi, bronchioli, and alveoli. Multinucleate epithelial syncytia on bronchiolar and alveolar walls, many containing eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, were present in the lungs of calves killed on PID 4, 5, and 6. Necrosis and epithelial loss, hyperplasia, and metaplasia were also observed in the epithelium of small bronchi and bronchioli. The lumina of these airways were occluded to varying degrees with exudate. Exudate was present within alveoli, and interalveolar septa were markedly thickened. Collapse of the thickened septa produced large areas where alveolar air spaces were totally obliterated. Repair was evident in the lungs of calves killed at PID 10 and 13 with reepithelialization of damaged bronchiolar mucosa, organization of bronchiolar exudate leading to bronchiolitis obliterans, and peribronchial and peribronchiolar fibrosis. Inoculation of 3 calves by an intranasal route alone produced a less severe clinical disease with only minimal lesions present at necropsy. PMID- 6625319 TI - Radiographic assessment of epiglottic length and pharyngeal and laryngeal diameters in the Thoroughbred. AB - A lateral radiograph of the pharyngeal region provides a technique for identifying pharyngeal disorders, including entrapment of the epiglottic cartilage and dorsal displacement of the soft palate. Epiglottic cartilage length, predicted from radiographs by measurement from the body of the thyroid cartilage to the tip of the epiglottis (thyroepiglottic length), was well correlated to actual length at postmortem examination (r2 = 0.98). Thyroepiglottic length, corrected for magnification, was 8.76 +/- 0.44 cm in 24 healthy Thoroughbreds. Nine Thoroughbreds with entrapment of the epiglottic cartilage and 6 with dorsal displacement of the soft palate had significantly short thyroepiglottic lengths--6.59 +/- 0.33 cm and 6.43 +/- 0.40 cm, respectively. The nasopharyngeal diameter of the Thoroughbreds with dorsal displacement of the soft palate was significantly less than the nasopharyngeal diameter of healthy Thoroughbreds. There was no significant difference between healthy and abnormal Thoroughbreds for pharyngoepiglottic, laryngeal, or tracheal measurements as determined from the lateral radiographs. The head should be placed in a normal resting position to obtain the pharyngeal radiograph. Maximum dorsiflexion of the head significantly increased the pharyngoepiglottic distance, whereas maximum ventriflexion significantly decreased this distance. The nasopharyngeal diameter during dorsiflexion was significantly greater than during ventriflexion. This investigation documented that a lateral pharyngeal radiograph provides important diagnostic information for evaluating suspected pharyngeal disorders in Thoroughbreds with airway obstruction of the cranial part of the respiratory tract. PMID- 6625320 TI - A new analgesic drug combination in the horse. AB - A xylazine and butorphanol drug combination produced minimal and transient hemodynamic effects and no significant respiratory depression when administered to 6 healthy horses. Combining xylazine and butorphanol produced a synergistic analgesic effect and provided good chemical restraint for a standing surgical procedure. PMID- 6625321 TI - Transmission and control of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus. AB - Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus was isolated from goat milk and transmitted most efficiently to kids through both milk and colostrum. In addition, it appeared that transmissions through other secretions of the doe occurred, but were less important than transmission in milk and colostrum. Intrauterine infection may have occurred in 2 of 32 cesarean-derived goats, but postpartum horizontal transmission could not be ruled out. Transmission by the aerosol route was not demonstrated, and even short-term direct contact between virus-infected bucks and virus-free does during breeding did not result in transmission. Prolonged direct contact for over 12 months between weaned cesarean-derived goats and virus-infected goats was necessary before horizontal transmission could be demonstrated under nondairy conditions. However, when uninfected does were milked with infected does, a high percentage became infected in less than 10 months. Heat inactivation (56 C) reduced approximately 10(5) median tissue culture infective doses of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus to below titratable levels, and virus was not transmitted to kids fed virus-infected colostrum that had been heated at 56 C for 1 hour. A program of eradication is discussed in which kids are removed from their dams at birth, fed safe sources of colostrum and milk, and isolated from other goats until weaning. PMID- 6625323 TI - Gross and light microscopic lesions in neonatal gnotobiotic dogs inoculated with a canine rotavirus. AB - Gross, light microscopic, and morphometric changes were observed in the small intestines of 11 neonatal gnotobiotic dogs after oral inoculation with a canine rotavirus. Starting in pups killed at postinoculation hour (PIH) 24, gross changes consisted of moderate dilatation and thinning of the walls of the small intestine, hyperemia, and a moderate amount of semiliquid-to-liquid greenish yellow intestinal contents. In the jejunum and ileum of inoculated pups killed from PIH 18 to 48, columnar villus epithelial cells on the upper one-third of the villus were necrotic, and foci denude of epithelium were seen on the upper regions of villi. Inoculated pups killed from PIH 24 to 72 had mild-to-moderate villus atrophy in the jejunum and ileum, villi covered with cuboidal-to-flat squamous-like epithelial cells, and absence of large, clear vacuoles in the jejunal and ileal villus epithelial cells similar to those seen in villus epithelial cells of 9 control pups. Microscopic sections of the jejunum and ileum from inoculated pups killed from PIH 72 to 154 showed slight-to-moderate villus atrophy, and the villi were covered with cuboidal-to-low columnar epithelial cells. Morphometric results indicated lower mean villus-crypt ratios in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of inoculated pups. In addition, the morphometry of the small intestine indicated that crypt cell hyperplasia occurred in the duodenum early during infection without obvious villus atrophy, and hyperplasia of the crypt cells in the jejunum and ileum was observed later during the infection. PMID- 6625322 TI - Inoculation of neonatal gnotobiotic dogs with a canine rotavirus. AB - Neonatal gnotobiotic dogs were inoculated orally with a rotavirus isolated from a pup with fatal diarrhea, and in the gnotobiotic dogs, diarrhea was observed between postinoculation hours (PIH) 20 and 24. The diarrhea persisted through PIH 154, and inoculated pups had clinical signs of dehydration after PIH 24. Negative contrast electron microscopy of the feces from inoculated pups revealed rotavirus particles from PIH 12 through 154. Using an indirect-fluorescent antibody test, serum rotavirus antibody was detected in inoculated pups by PIH 96. In the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of inoculated pups, group-specific rotaviral antigen was observed within absorptive villus epithelial cells and mononuclear cells in the villus lamina propria with an indirect-fluorescent antibody test. Fluorescence was seen in the small intestine of inoculated pups killed by PIH 12 and was present in intestines of pups killed through PIH 154. Rotaviral antigen was also seen in the mesenteric lymph nodes of a few inoculated pups killed at PIH 48. PMID- 6625324 TI - Influence of modified protein diets on the nutritional status of dogs with induced chronic renal failure. AB - The influence of a canine maintenance diet containing 44.4% protein (dry weight) and 2 reduced-protein renal-failure diets containing 8.2% or 17.2% protein (dry weight) on the nutritional status of dogs with induced chronic renal failure was evaluated for 40 weeks. Nutritional status was assessed by changes in serially determined body weights, hindlimb circumferences, serum protein concentrations, complete blood cell counts, serum cholesterol concentrations, glucose tolerance tests, and blood glucose concentrations. Evidence of suboptimum nutritional status was observed in dogs fed the 8.2% or 44.4% protein diets, but not in dogs fed the 17.2% protein diet. Only a small reduction in hindlimb circumference developed in dogs fed the 17.2% protein diet. Reduced body weight and hindlimb circumference and normocytic normochromic anemia developed in dogs fed the 44.4% protein diet. Reduced body weight and hindlimb circumference, hypoalbuminemia, hypoproteinemia, hypercholesterolemia, and normocytic normochromic anemia developed in dogs fed the 8.2% protein diet. A beneficial effect of moderate dietary protein restriction (17.2% protein) on the nutritional status of the dogs was observed. In contrast, excessive intake or restriction of dietary protein was associated with detrimental effects. PMID- 6625325 TI - Pharmacokinetics of chlortetracycline potentiation with citric acid in the chicken. AB - Serum concentrations of chlortetracycline (CTC) in healthy chickens were determined for the 24-hour period after they were given CTC (with and without citric acid) as an oral (25 mg/kg) or IV (0.9 mg/kg) dose. The oral time-course drug data were fitted adequately by a 2-compartment pharmacokinetic model with absorption. The resulting absorption rate constant (Ka) for the birds orally given CTC with citric acid was nearly equal to that for the birds given CTC alone. Although the uptake of orally administered CTC was rapid, only a small fraction of the dose was absorbed. The administration of citric acid-CTC significantly increased the mean serum concentration of CTC and the fraction of the dose absorbed. The citric acid-CTC mixture also produced significantly higher elimination (Kel) and distribution (K12) rate constants for CTC. PMID- 6625326 TI - Cyclic nucleotides in hamster retina. AB - The concentrations of cyclic 3':5'-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and cyclic 3':5'-guanosine monophosphate (cyclic GMP) were determined in white light- and dim red light-adapted golden Syrian hamster retinas. Retinas from animals in dim red light had cyclic AMP concentrations of 9.29 +/- 2.94 pmol/mg of protein and cyclic GMP concentrations of 110.62 +/- 32.98 pmol/mg of protein. After white light adaptation, retinal cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP concentrations were reduced to 74% and 45% of the previous values, respectively. In another experiment with white light-adapted animals, the sex or method of immobilization of the animals (cervical dislocation vs sodium pentobarbital) had no significant effect on cyclic nucleotide values. PMID- 6625327 TI - Effect of age on anion gap in clinically normal Quarter Horses. AB - Anion gap [AG = (Na + K) - (Cl + HCO3)] was determined in Quarter Horses: 10 clinically normal foals 0.5 to 3 days, 2 to 3 weeks, and 5 to 7 weeks of age; 10 yearlings; and ten 2-year-olds. Mean AG (+/- 1 SD) were 12.8 +/- 3.3, 15.2 +/- 2.9, 14.0 +/- 1.6, 12.3 +/- 1.8, and 10.4 +/- 1.2 mEq/L, respectively. The 4 to 5 mEq/L higher AG in 2- to 7-week-old foals, when compared with that in 2-year-old horses, can be explained in part by hyperphosphatemia (2 mEq/L) and lower calcium values (0.4 mEq/L). Decreased globulin concentrations may also contribute to the higher AG. The AG can be useful in the diagnosis and prognosis of metabolic imbalances in the horse. The age of the animal was important in the interpretation of AG. Age adjustment of reference intervals will increase the usefulness of AG in foals. PMID- 6625328 TI - Fate of aflatoxins in tissues, fluids, and excrements from cows dosed orally with aflatoxin B1. AB - A study was conducted to determine aflatoxins in tissues and non-tissues of 2 Holstein cows given oral doses of 0.35 mg of purified aflatoxin B1/kg of body weight/day for 3 consecutive days. Cow 1 was slaughtered 24 hours after the 3rd dose, and cow 2, after day 3, was fed aflatoxin-free rations for 7 additional days before slaughter. Tissue samples of brain, gallbladder and bile, heart, intestine, kidney, liver, lung, mammary gland, skeletal muscle, spleen, supramammary lymph nodes, thymus, and tongue, and nontissue samples of blood, feces, milk, rumen content, and urine were examined. Aflatoxins B1 and M1 were found in all samples of cow 1, except the thymus. Kidney, liver, and mammary gland had the highest concentrations of total aflatoxins (57.9, 13.2, and 25.1 ng/g, respectively), with the aflatoxin M1 concentration 40 times more than the aflatoxin B1 level in kidney. Aflatoxin residues were present (0.02 to 0.11 ng/g) only in kidney, liver, and intestine of the tissues from cow 2 (fed aflatoxin free feed for 7 additional days). Aflatoxin B1 was not present in nontissue samples, but aflatoxin M1 (0.10 and 1.5 ng/ml) was found in the last milk and urine samples from the same cow. Urine assays are a possible way to monitor the presence of aflatoxin residues in meat tissues. PMID- 6625329 TI - Effects of T-2 mycotoxin on bovine serum proteins. AB - Mycotoxin T-2 (0.5 mg/kg of body weight) was administered orally to mixed-breed beef calves. Serum protein fractions, immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgM, and several complement protein concentrations were studied in control and toxin-treated calves. Total protein, albumin, and globulin concentrations all decreased in toxin-treated calves as compared with that in controls. Similarly, the concentrations of alpha-, beta 1-, and beta 2-globulin fractions were reduced in the toxin-treated calves more than those in controls. The IgG and IgM values were lower in toxin-treated calves than those in the controls. Complement proteins Bbov (of the alternate pathway) and the 3rd component of complement were lower in the toxin-treated calves. The fragment of Bbov activation, B gamma 2, was increased after toxin treatment, indicating that activation of the alternate complement pathway was responsible for at least some of the reduction of the 3rd component of complement. PMID- 6625330 TI - Further tests of activity of levamisole on Ostertagia ostertagi in dairy calves with notes on overwinter survival of gastrointestinal helminths on pasture. AB - Two controlled tests were conducted in 1981 and 1982 in dairy calves on the University of Kentucky research farm to determine activity of the bolus formulation of levamisole given at the dose rate of 8 mg/kg against naturally occurring infections of Ostertagia ostertagi. Removal efficacies of mature O ostertagi were 98% in the 1981 test (3 treated and 3 nontreated calves) and 94% in the 1982 test (7 treated and 8 nontreated calves). Against immature Ostertagia spp, removal efficacies were 100% and 65% for the 1st and 2nd tests, respectively. The calves were grazed on the same pasture as dairy calves in previous controlled tests in 1979 and 1980 where activity of levamisole against mature O ostertagi (data recently published) was much less than in the present tests. It does not appear that the poor performance in the early tests can be attributed to the drug resistance phenomenon. Data on overwinter survival (119 days) of free-living stages of gastrointestinal parasites on pasture were derived from the nontreated calves in the 1982 controlled test. The calves, raised helminth-free, were placed on the pasture on Apr 5, 1982. Helminths recovered at necropsy of the calves, besides O ostertagi, included Trichostrongylus axei, Nematodirus helvetianus, Nematodirus spp, Cooperia oncophora, Trichuris spp, and Moniezia spp. The lung-worm, Dictyocaulus viviparus, previously found in cattle on the farm, was not found in these calves. PMID- 6625331 TI - Serologic survey for leptospirosis in Arizona beef cattle in 1981. AB - Sera from 1,215 beef cattle in Arizona were evaluated by leptospiral microscopic agglutination test in 1981. Over 25% had agglutinins to greater than or equal to 1 of 5 serovars of Leptospira interrogans used as antigens (canicola, grippotyphosa, hardjo, icterohaemorrhagiae, and pomona) at a titer of greater than or equal to 1:100, and 8.2% had titers of greater than or equal to 1:400 to greater than or equal to 1 serovars. The most common serovar to which reactions were detected was hardjo; agglutinins were detected at titers of greater than or equal to 1:100 in 14.3% and of greater than or equal to 1:400 in 5.5%. Cross reactions were rare at serum dilutions greater than or equal to 1:100 (2%) and extremely rare at greater than or equal to 1:400 (0.7%). Because vaccination with leptospiral bacterins is seldom practiced in Arizona beef cattle, a titer of greater than or equal to 1:100 may be useful in estimating incidence and prevalence of the disease and as an aid to diagnosis of leptospirosis. PMID- 6625332 TI - Simultaneous cystometry and uroflowmetry (micturition study) for evaluation of the caudal part of the urinary tract in dogs: studies of the technique. AB - A procedure similar to one used for urodynamic evaluation of persons was adapted for simultaneous cystometry and uroflowmetry in dogs. Percutaneous transabdominal urinary bladder catheterizations were used for bladder infusion and cystometry, so that urine flow during voiding would not be altered by urethra instrumentation. The technique was evaluated twice in each of 12 healthy dogs (6 males and 6 females). Studies of individual dogs were performed 1 week apart. Comparisons were made between xylazine and oxymorphone for sedation to accomplish the procedure. Although the 2 drugs provided adequate sedation, oxymorphone was unsatisfactory because it interfered with micturition, whereas xylazine generally did not. Adverse consequences of the procedure occurred infrequently and were minor. According to results of urinalyses, hematuria or pyuria, or both, appeared during the week after the procedure was done in a few dogs, and staphylococcal bacteriuria was induced in 4 dogs. Fluid leakage from urinary bladders was not demonstrated by abdominal paracentesis immediately after each procedure or by contrast radiography performed the day after the 2nd study for each animal. Micturition studies were concluded to be reasonably safe to do, especially when performed by experienced individuals. The studies were judged to have considerable potential value as a means to evaluate lower urinary tract function in dogs. PMID- 6625333 TI - Simultaneous cystometry and uroflowmetry (micturition study) for evaluation of the caudal part of the urinary tract in dogs: reference values for healthy animals sedated with xylazine. AB - Micturition studies were performed in 12 healthy dogs (6 females and 6 males). The animals were sedated with xylazine given either IV (1.1 mg/kg) or IM (2.2 mg/kg). Separate antepubic catheters were used to perform bladder infusions and record intravesical pressures. Instantaneous urine flow measurements were obtained, using an apparatus specially designed and constructed for small animals. A total of 45 simultaneous cystometric and uroflowmetric recordings were obtained, and numerical values for 16 different micturition variables were tabulated. The variables were analyzed separately on the basis of sex of the animal, route of administration of the sedative, and the fact of having had a previous bladder instrumentation-micturition study performed. Significant differences within individual dogs were not seen in these analyses. Intravesical pressures, urine flow rates, compliances, and urethral resistance were significantly different (P less than 0.05) between male and female dogs. The micturition study was a simple and reliable urodynamic testing method that could be clinically useful in dogs. In contrast to urodynamic tests previously described in veterinary medicine, this method provided evaluation of the bladder and urethra as a functional unit during both the filling and the emptying phases of micturition. A micturition study should not be regarded as an absolute measure of the physiologic activity of the caudal part of the urinary tract. However, it can provide important additional information for clinical assessment when the lower part of the urinary tract is affected by disease, injury, or drugs. PMID- 6625334 TI - Rhesus macaque red blood cells frozen with 40% glycerol and stored at -80 C. AB - Red blood cells of rhesus macaques cryopreserved with 40% (w/v) glycerol and stored at -80 C had freeze-thaw-wash recovery values of 87%, 24-hour posttransfusion survival values of 85%, and life-span values of 13 days. Liquid and freezing methods of preserving RBC were studied in the macaques. PMID- 6625335 TI - Comparative biological features of a rat liver abscess model induced with three Fusobacterium necrophorum strains. AB - Several biological features were compared in a rat liver abscess model, using intraportal inoculations with 3 bovine strains of Fusobacterium necrophorum which varied in virulence. Serum alanine aminotransferase activities were increased significantly (P less than 0.05) in rats inoculated with F necrophorum 2101 by postinoculation hours 6, 12, and 24. Thereafter, alanine aminotransferase values returned to base line for the remainder of the experiment. Also, rats inoculated with F necrophorum 2101 had a significantly greater (P less than 0.05) weight loss than did the control rats during the first 5 postinoculation days and developed leukocytosis characterized by a neutrophilia with a left shift. The duration of the bacteremia was related directly to the virulence of the F necrophorum strain. Fusobacterium necrophorum 2101, a biotype A which was the most virulent, induced the most persistent bacteremia; F necrophorum 2035, a biotype B which was the least virulent, produced the shortest bacteremia; and F necrophorum 2030, a biotype AB which was of intermediate virulence, led to bacteremia of intermediate duration. Plasma endotoxin was demonstrated intermittently during the first 24 hours, but did not correlate with the bacteremia. PMID- 6625336 TI - Genetic relatedness of Haemophilus somnus to select genera of bacteria. AB - The degree of DNA homology from Haemophilus somnus and DNA from select members of the genera Haemophilus, Actinobacillus, Pasteurella, Escherichia, and Micrococcus was determined. Hybridization tests indicated that H somnus DNA has a 46%, 58%, and 43% homology with the DNA from H influenzae, H parainfluenzae, and A lignieresii, respectively. These percentages of homology values indicate that H somnus was moderately related to 2 members of the genus Haemophilus and 1 member of the genus Actinobacillus. Haemophilus somnus DNA did not show any hybridization with DNA from the genera of Escherichia, Micrococcus, or Pasteurella. PMID- 6625337 TI - Effects of selection in a prospective study of forced expiratory volume in Vermont granite workers. AB - Granite workers lost to follow-up during a 5-yr study of pulmonary function were examined. We found that in workers who had left the industry for other employment, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) values declined at a faster rate than in those who remained employed or retired during the study period. We investigated the application of a currently recommended repeatability criterion for pulmonary function tests by looking at different patterns of failing to satisfy the criterion (PFT-failure) over multiple testing sessions. Workers with persistent PFT-failure were found to have faster rates of FEV1 decline than did subjects with none or only intermittent failures. In a regression analysis, job termination was found to be more strongly associated with a steep FEV1 slope when it had been preceded by a pattern of persistent PFT failure. PMID- 6625338 TI - Chest wall configurational changes before and during acute obstructive episodes in asthma. AB - We induced bronchial obstruction in 7 otherwise healthy asthmatic subjects and then measured the degree of airway obstruction and the dimensions of the chest wall including the anteroposterior (AP) diameters of the upper and lower rib cage and the abdomen and the transverse diameter of the lower rib cage. Airway obstruction was accompanied by a pronounced increase in the end-expiratory AP diameter of the upper rib cage in all 7 subjects and of the low lateral rib cage in 3 of the 4 subjects in whom this was measured. Other end-expiratory dimensions showed variable changes. In 6 of 7 subjects, obstruction caused the lower rib cage to become more elliptical in cross section during inspiration; transient inward motion of the lower anterior rib cage during early inspiration was noted. This latter motion coupled with the continuous outward motion of the upper anterior rib cage produced a pronounced rocking motion of the sternum during inspiration. These distortions of the chest cage were maximal when obstruction was most severe and gradually diminished as obstruction resolved. These inspiratory changes in chest cage cross-sectional configuration are similar to those seen in normal subjects who attempt to overcome external resistive loading by the increased use of inspiratory muscles; the end-expiratory configuration in asthma indicates an increase in functional residual capacity, which is actively maintained. Multiple degrees of freedom of motion of the chest cage exist during obstructive episodes. Estimates of volume change from measurements of rib cage cross-sectional area and abdominal diameter should be made with caution. PMID- 6625339 TI - Does the vesicular lung sound come only from the lungs? AB - Considerable confusion exists regarding the frequency spectrum of the normal lung sound, especially the components in the lower frequency range. Frequencies of peak intensity varying from 10 to 200 Hz have been reported by different laboratories. A component of musculoskeletal sound could contribute to the inspiratory lung sound, but this has never been assessed. This study attempted to separate the sound made by the lung from that of muscular contraction by frequency analysis of the sounds occurring during inspiration and preinspiration and postinspiration open-glottis breath-holds in 4 normal subjects. The data showed that at frequencies below 200 Hz, the musculoskeletal component increased as the lung sound component decreased. At 50 Hz and below, the sounds of inspiration and postinspiratory breath-holding were almost indistinguishable. It is concluded that musculoskeletal noise seriously contaminates what is usually considered to be lung sound. PMID- 6625340 TI - Ventilatory control after pulmonary resection. AB - Because pulmonary resection decreases pulmonary compliance, the effects of resection on ventilation might be similar to the known effects of elastic loading. We evaluated the breathing pattern and ventilatory drive in 12 patients before and after pulmonary resection with mean tissue loss of 4 segments. During resting ventilation, the only significant change after resection was a decrease in inspiratory time (Tl). At a higher level of minute ventilation (VE), induced by CO2 rebreathing, significant changes included increased respiratory frequency, decreased tidal volume and Tl, and increased occlusion pressure (P0.1). Both ventilation and occlusion pressure responses to CO2 (delta VE/delta PACO2, delta P0.1/delta PACO2) were unchanged after resection. We conclude that increased ventilation induced by CO2 rebreathing unmasks a breathing pattern after pulmonary resection which is similar to that seen with breathing against an external elastic load. PMID- 6625341 TI - Indomethacin potentiates the pulmonary response to aerosol leukotriene C4 in the guinea pig. AB - Aerosol administration of leukotriene (LT) C4 to anesthetized, mechanically ventilated guinea pigs results in significant dose-dependent decrements in dynamic compliance (Cdyn) and pulmonary conductance (GL) when the concentration of LTC4 in the nebulizer is in the range of 0.5 to 5 micrograms/ml. Pretreatment with indomethacin, 30 mg/kg given intraperitoneally, significantly potentiates the decrements in Cdyn and GL elicited by aerosol LTC4 at 1 microgram/ml. Potentiation of the pulmonary response is seen even with an aerosol LTC4 concentration of 0.3 micrograms/ml, which alone produces only minimal changes in pulmonary mechanics in control animals. These findings suggest that bronchodilator prostaglandins are important inhibitory modulators of this pulmonary response and that secondary thromboxane release probably does not contribute to the response to inhaled LTC4. The effect of indomethacin pretreatment in augmenting the pulmonary response to aerosol LTC4 in the guinea pig may have relevance for the phenomenon of asthma induced in humans by ingestion of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. PMID- 6625342 TI - Changes in connective tissue composition of the lung in starvation and refeeding. AB - Adult male rats were starved by allowing them one fifth of their measured daily food consumption until they lost 40% of their initial body weights. Some of these rats were then refed until their initial body weights were reached. We measured the total content of the following in the lung tissue of fed, starved, and refed animals: (1) elastin, (2) hydroxyproline, and (3) protein. Body weight and lung dry and wet weights were significantly reduced in starved and similar in refed rats compared with fed animals. Total contents of crude connective tissue, hydroxyproline, elastin, and protein were significantly lower in starved than in fed rat lungs. After refeeding, hydroxyproline content returned completely to levels found in fed rats, but other components only partially returned to normal values. These results provide a biochemical counterpart for our previous observations on the effects of starvation and refeeding on lung mechanics and morphologic aspects. It appears that the emphysema like changes in the lungs of starved rats are at least partly related to the loss of connective tissue elements. PMID- 6625344 TI - Legionella pneumophila contamination of a hospital humidifier. Demonstration of aerosol transmission and subsequent subclinical infection in exposed guinea pigs. AB - Water from a humidifier located in the hospital was found to be contaminated with Legionella pneumophila, serogroup 1. The source of water for the humidifier was the hospital potable water system. Exposure of culture mediums to the humidifier aerosols yielded L. pneumophila, serogroup 1. Exposure of guinea pigs to humidifier aerosols produced a subclinical infection as demonstrated by seroconversion to L. pneumophila. Seroconversion rate of guinea pigs to L. pneumophila was higher when greater quantities of L. pneumophila were present in the water; a corresponding increase in recovery of the organism from culture mediums exposed to aerosols was also seen. This report shows that mechanically created aerosols of Legionella-contaminated potable water might be the vehicle of transmission of Legionnaires' disease, especially in the hospital setting. PMID- 6625343 TI - Potentiation of butylated-hydroxytoluene-induced acute lung damage by oxygen. Effects of prednisolone and indomethacin. AB - We have previously shown that administration of the antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) to mice produces lung damage that can be markedly potentiated by hyperoxia resulting in pulmonary fibrosis. In the present studies using this model, we show that: (1) in animals treated with BHT-O2, prednisolone given for 12 successive days does prevent excessive collagen accumulation provided lung collagen is measured immediately after terminating steroid therapy, whereas a rebound effect occurs later on; (2) limitation of steroid treatment to the first 6 days after acute lung injury enhances accumulation of collagen, whereas steroids given later, on Days 7 through 12, have an alleviating effect; (3) indomethacin under the conditions described is not an effective treatment. PMID- 6625345 TI - Enhanced release of a chemoattractant for alveolar macrophages after asbestos inhalation. AB - Alveolar macrophage supernatants from 2 groups of asbestos-exposed rats and a group of sham-exposed rats were tested for chemoattractant activity towards rat alveolar macrophages. Enhanced chemotaxin release was observed in culture supernatants from both crocidolite and chrysotile asbestos-exposed rats when compared with supernatants from sham-exposed rats. These between-group differences persisted for as long as 15 months after exposure had ceased. Chemotactic factor release was maximal after 24 h of culture in all animal groups. Partial characterization of the chemoattractant from each of the 3 rat groups revealed that it was thermolabile, nondialyzable, and trypsin-sensitive. Separation on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed 3 major peaks of activity. The production of the chemotaxin in supernatants from asbestos-exposed rats was partially inhibited by both actinomycin D and puromycin. These agents had no appreciable effect on the production of chemoattractant in cultures from sham-exposed animals. The enhanced release of an alveolar macrophage chemoattractant after asbestos inhalation may explain why macrophages accumulate at sites of asbestos deposition in the lungs. PMID- 6625346 TI - The structure and function of the pulmonary vasculature in mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The effect of oxygen and exercise. AB - The structure and function of the pulmonary circulation was investigated in 17 patients requiring pulmonary resection. All 17 performed pulmonary function tests and 13 underwent right heart catheterization preoperatively. The surgical specimens of the lung were analyzed with respect to the severity of the emphysema, the severity of the airways disease, and the hypertensive changes in the small pulmonary arteries and arterioles. The data show that pulmonary artery (Ppa) and pulmonary artery wedge (Ppaw) pressures and cardiac output were normal at rest. However, patients with more severe disease showed greater increases in Ppa and Ppaw with exercise than did patients with minimal or no disease. Oxygen breathing had no effect at rest but lowered Ppa and Ppaw during exercise in the patients with more severe disease. Histologic studies showed that greater degrees of emphysema and small airways disease were associated with hypertensive changes in the pulmonary vasculature. We conclude that patients with moderate obstructive lung disease have elevated pulmonary vascular pressures during exercise and structural changes in the pulmonary arteries consistent with pulmonary hypertension when compared with patients with minimal or no disease. Although there are several possible explanations for the increased vascular pressures seen with exercise, we favor gas trapping leading to increased alveolar and pleural pressures, with oxygen breathing preventing this response by shortening the time constants of the peripheral lung units. PMID- 6625347 TI - Flow-volume curves reflect pharyngeal airway abnormalities in sleep apnea syndrome. AB - Twenty-nine patients with disorders of excessive somnolence were evaluated with standard nocturnal polysomnography, fiberoptic laryngoscopy, and flow-volume curves. Twenty-two had evidence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) by polysomnography and most had abnormal flow-volume curves, supporting earlier observations. Three of 7 patients without obstructive sleep apnea also had abnormal curves. Fiberoptic nasopharyngoscopy was performed in the OSA group while awake to evaluate the upper airway. Sixteen patients of the OSA group demonstrated pharyngeal obstruction; 14 of those with visualized airway obstruction had flow-volume abnormalities. In the 6 patients of the OSA group with no significant visual obstruction, 5 had normal curves. The flow-volume curve appears to correlate with direct visual assessment of upper airway patency during wakefulness in those patients demonstrating obstruction during sleep. PMID- 6625348 TI - Absence of nasal air flow during pursed lips breathing. The soft palate mechanisms. AB - During pursed-lips (PL) breathing, even though expiratory air-flow resistance is probably higher than during nasal breathing, there is no air flow through the nose. This should imply an active mechanism that prevents air from escaping through the nares. In 6 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (FEV1/FVC 34.5 +/- 11.8%; mean +/- 1 SD), nasal resistance averaged 2.6 +/- 0.5 cm H2O.L 1.s-1, whereas translabial resistance (during PL expiration) was 5.7 +/- 0.7 cm H2O.L-1.s-1 (p less than 0.005 by paired t test). Nasal air flow during PL expiration was zero. In all patients, cineradiographic studies showed during the expiratory phase of PL breathing that the soft palate rose to closely contact the posterior pharyngeal wall, completely occluding the entrance to the nasopharynx. This upward movement of the soft palate was of active nature. The palate muscles should be considered as accessory respiratory muscles. PMID- 6625349 TI - Changes in the glottic aperture during bronchial asthma. AB - We measured the cross-sectional area of the glottis in 12 asymptomatic asthmatic subjects before and after bronchoconstriction (BC) induced by histamine or ultrasonically nebulized water aerosol. The glottis was visualized using a fiberoptic bronchoscope attached to a video camera and tape recorder onto which flow and volume were simultaneously recorded. During induced asthma, measurements of forced expiratory flow fell to 36 +/- 3% (mean +/- SE) of control. Glottic area at mid-expiration (Age) fell from 75 +/- 14 mm2 by 45 +/- 8% (p less than 0.005). In some subjects, expiratory constriction of the supraglottic portion of the larynx and pharynx was also noted. Five subjects showed mild constriction (13 to 32%) of the glottis during inspiration. The administration of 10 cm H2O of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during the induced asthma temporarily abolished expiratory constriction of the glottis and supraglottic structures; Age increased from 45 +/- 15 to 79 +/- 11 mm2 (p less than 0.01). The constriction returned when CPAP was stopped. After reversal of BC by salbutamol Age returned to values similar to those before BC. Although the mechanism for the expiratory glottic constriction is not known, it may be related to the different pattern of respiratory muscle activity seen in asthma. We speculate that the glottic constriction may contribute to hyperinflation by slowing expiratory flow and/or allowing a reduction in the persistent inspiratory muscle activity during expiration. PMID- 6625350 TI - Deposition pattern of inorganic particles at the alveolar level in the lungs of rats and mice. AB - The early pathogenesis of particle-induced lung disease is likely to be determined in large part by the initial pattern of dust deposition at the alveolar level. We have studied the deposition pattern of 5 aerosolized dusts (chrysotile and crocidolite asbestos, fiber glass, alpha-quartz, and ash from Mt. St. Helens) in the lungs of rats. Mice were exposed to chrysotile asbestos. Quantitative electron microscopy was carried out on tissues fixed by vascular perfusion. Immediately after a brief exposure, significantly (p less than or equal to 0.01) greater numbers of particulates had deposited on alveolar duct bifurcations when compared with the number of particles on duct surfaces adjacent to the bifurcations. Few particles were counted at midpoints between bifurcations, and particles rarely were observed within alveoli. Our data show that regardless of mineral nature, shape, or concentration, inhaled particulates small enough to pass through the conducting airways are deposited primarily at alveolar duct bifurcations. We proposed that the alveolar deposition patterns observed are the result of air-flow characteristics that cause enhanced deposition of particles at alveolar duct bifurcations intersecting the flow. This is similar to deposition patterns that occur at bifurcations of conducting airways. PMID- 6625351 TI - Alveolitis induced by influenza virus. AB - Previous studies of influenza virus infections have focused on the acute pathologic manifestations associated with the virus pneumonia; however, there is evidence suggestive of persistent pathologic processes with possible long-term consequences. Herein we have examined the long-term outcome of virus pneumonia in mice infected by aerosol inhalation of a sublethal dose of influenza A/PR8/34 virus. At 3, 5, 7, 9, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 days, and a year thereafter, the lavageable lung cell populations and differential counts were quantitated. Consistent with previous studies we demonstrated an inflammatory cellular response during the acute phase of the infection. However, this inflammatory response did not completely resolve, the pulmonary leukocytosis remaining stable from Day 30 through a year after virus infection. For example, on Day 30, virus infected lungs yielded 12.4 +/- 0.9 X 10(5) cells per lavage of which 15 +/- 3% were polymorphonuclear leukocytes, 18 +/- 4% were lymphocytes, and 67 +/- 5% were alveolar macrophages. In contrast, 7.2 +/- 0.5 X 10(5) cells per lavage were obtained from uninfected lungs of which more than 98% were alveolar macrophages. Histopathologic examination of virus-infected lungs showed an ongoing inflammatory response resulting in patchy mononuclear interstitial pneumonia, deposition of collagen in the affected areas, and marked hyperplasia of bronchial associated lymphoid tissue. Infectious virus could not be recovered after Day 9. However, in contrast to loss of infectivity, viral antigen persisted at high concentrations in the lung. We conclude that influenza virus infection induced a long-term alveolitis that is associated with persistence of viral antigen. These data open the possibility that influenza virus infections may play a role in interstitial lung disease. PMID- 6625353 TI - Screening for adult respiratory disease. Official American Thoracic Society statement March 1983. PMID- 6625352 TI - Abnormal breathholding in association with carotid body dysfunction mimicking sleep apnea. AB - Apneic episodes lasting as long as 126 s were observed in a previously well 22-yr old woman and were felt to result from voluntary breathholding superimposed on a blunt hypoxic ventilatory drive secondary to carotid body dysfunction. Distinguishing features between this life-threatening voluntary apnea, sleep apnea, and nonconvulsive epilepsy are discussed as well as a theoretical review of breathholding per se. PMID- 6625354 TI - Single breath diffusing capacity in a representative sample of the population of Michigan, a large industrial state. PMID- 6625356 TI - Pulmonary function loss in Vermont granite workers. PMID- 6625355 TI - BCG vaccination against tuberculosis. PMID- 6625357 TI - The U.S. M-16 rifle versus the Russian AK-47 rifle. A comparison of terminal ballistics. AB - The standard U.S. military rifle (M-16) is substantially more destructive than its Russian counterpart (AK-47) when fired at short range into clay blocks, despite the fact that the AK-47 is of larger caliber and fires a much heavier bullet with a kinetic energy (muzzle) 25% greater when compared to the M-16. The decisive factor is the 40% greater muzzle velocity of the M-16. PMID- 6625358 TI - Primary parotid cancer: factors influencing recurrence. AB - Recurrent disease was evaluated in 82 patients with primary parotid cancer as a function of multiple parameters including cell type, stage of disease, and extent of surgery. Stage III disease had the highest rate of recurrence (89%). Recurrence in Stage III disease appeared independent of extent of primary surgical management. The poor prognosis, 12 per cent survival at five years, associated with recurrence suggests adjuvant modalities should be utilized in the initial treatment of Stage III disease. In Stage I disease, the extent of surgery becomes more critical. In patients with Stage I disease and low-grade malignancies, superficial parotidectomy is an acceptable method of treatment. This is valid provided surgical margins are free of disease. However, patients with high-grade malignancies and Stage I disease undergoing superficial parotidectomy have a high rate of recurrence, 45 per cent of our cases. The results suggest that more extensive surgery and/or adjuvant radiation should be utilized in this subgroup of patients. PMID- 6625359 TI - Carotid body tumors. AB - A review of seven carotid body tumors less than 5 cm in diameter confirms the thesis of other recent reports that such tumors can be resected with minimal morbidity. In two of our cases, initial exploration and biopsy were performed not suspecting the nature of the neck mass; in one of these, hypoglossal and facial nerve deficits resulted. Angiography was diagnostic in six of our seven cases and should be used to establish the diagnosis preoperatively in any neck mass of doubtful origin where carotid body tumor is a part of the differential diagnosis. PMID- 6625360 TI - Associated lung lesions in patients with primary head and neck carcinoma. AB - From a 9-year Veterans Administration Medical Center experience, 34 patients were identified who had synchronous or metachronous pulmonary lesions in association with primary head-neck carcinoma. Evaluation of the pulmonary lesions included bronchoscopy, mediastinoscopy, and thoracotomy. Lung lesions were felt to be metastatic lesions from head and neck primary in 12 patients, primary lung carcinoma in 20 patients, and metastases from subdiaphragmatic primary neoplasms in two patients. This study demonstrates that head-neck carcinoma may spread to the lung but that associated lung lesions are most commonly second primary neoplasms. PMID- 6625361 TI - Indirect calorimetry in postoperative patients with acute renal failure. AB - Oxygen consumption was measured and caloric expenditure calculated (indirect calorimetry) in ten adult patients with acute renal failure (ARF) following surgery. Eight patients recovered from ARF and six were discharged from the hospital. Caloric expenditure averaged 47 Kcal/kg/24 hours during the period of AFR. Attempts were made to match caloric replacement with expenditure based on indirect calorimetry, but was achieved in only one patient. Indirect calorimetry appears to be a practical method for guiding caloric replacement in these patients. Postoperative patients in ARF must undergo healing of incisions and bowel anastomoses, and contain infection. Since these patients are severely catabolic, it seems reasonable to treat them with adequate protein and calories and to use dialysis to control azotemia and water metabolism. PMID- 6625362 TI - How I do it. Improved technique of profundaplasty. PMID- 6625363 TI - Accurate intraoperative identification of the ureters with the use of ureteral illumination. PMID- 6625364 TI - The drain-tract sinogram. Guide to the removal of drains and the diagnosis of postoperative abdominal sepsis. AB - Sinography via previously established abdominal drains or tracts from which drains had been removed may be useful in the diagnosis of postoperative intra abdominal sepsis. Six cases are presented in which drain tract sinograms with water-soluble contrast facilitated the diagnosis of otherwise cryptic intra abdominal abscesses, retroperitoneal abscesses, or enteric leaks. In addition, repeated drain tract sinograms can be used to determine the proper timing of intra-abdominal drain removal and may avoid the septic complication of drain removal in cases of residual intra-abdominal sepsis or undiagnosed enterocutaneous fistula. PMID- 6625365 TI - [The value of C-reactive protein in the diagnosis of acute pneumopathies in children]. AB - We have studied 164 children with pneumopathy, ranging from one month to 8 years old. They were classified in two groups according as clinical, biological and radiological criteria. Group I (probable bacterial etiology), 65 children; group II (presumable nonbacterial cause), 35 patients. An indeterminate pattern, 64 infants. The CRP was quantified by radial immunodiffusion method. In the group II, lowest CRP values (less than 30 micrograms/ml) were detected in 86% of the patients. In the group I, 88% of the cases offered values over 30 micrograms/ml. The CRP was a sensitive indicator of diagnosis of pneumopathies in children. High CRP values (greater than 30 micrograms/ml) are suggestive of a bacterial etiology, with statistical significance (p less than 0,001). PMID- 6625366 TI - [Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve. Study of 13 cases in childhood]. AB - We describe 13 cases of Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve. Seventy percent of there cases were detected at one month of age. Ten patients died and 9 presented associated cardiac anomalies. Signs of right heart failure were the clinical date that made possible the diagnosis of the disease in the most severe cases in the neonatal period. Only two patients had alteration of the cardiac rhythm: One had tachycardia that ended with ventricular fibrillation and the other had a 2:1 heart block. Echocardiography was very useful to establish the diagnosis: one hundred percent of the patients showed a delay in closing of the tricuspid in relation to the mitral valve, with a range of 0,03 to 0,06 seconds. Angiocardiographic studies revealed a tricuspid valve displacement in 8 cases, and double contour image in 6. The septal and posterior leaflets were hypoplasic in the 10 anatomic cases and in 80 percent of them it was possible to differentiate the cords from the papillary muscles. PMID- 6625367 TI - [Clinical evolution of rheumatic carditis treated with aspirin]. AB - We have analyzed the clinical, laboratory, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings of six patients with rheumatic carditis whose antiinflammatory treatment was aspirin. We include one case who was initially treated with steroids. She relapsed when the steroid treatment was discontinued and she was then treated with aspirin. There were 2 males and four females. The age range was 9 to 14 years. This was the first rheumatic attack for all the patients. They were also treated with penicillin G during ten days. The prophylaxis was accomplished with benzatine penicillin 1.200.000 IU at 28 days intervals. The aspirin was given at doses ranging from 60 to 100 mg/Kg/day for eight to twelve weeks. All the patients had auscultatory findings consistent with mitral insufficiency accompanied in two cases with findings of aortic regurgitation. In three cases, there was a transient mild diastolic murmur during the first five days. In one case the rheumatic carditis was complicated with acute renal failure due to acute rheumatic nephritis that required peritoneal dialysis. The follow-up period ranged from nine to twenty six months. There have been no relapses. All the patients remain asymptomatic and leading a normal life. At the last visit three patients had mild mitral insufficiency and in three patients the clinical findings, electrocardiogram and echocardiogram were normal. If we accept that most of the cases of rheumatic carditis are mild or moderate, is our believe that the aspirin is the antiinflammatory treatment of choice at the present time. PMID- 6625368 TI - [Benign infantile epilepsy]. PMID- 6625369 TI - [Pharmacologic treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants]. AB - Sixty-one preterm infants (birthweight, 1.529 +/- 450g; gestational age, 31,9 +/- 2,4 weeks) developed a large DAP. Seventy-eight per cent required mechanical ventilation and 75,5% had hyaline membrane disease. Pharmacological closure of the DAP with oral indomethacin was attempted on 31. A steady improvement was achieved in 64,5%. The postnatal age of responders was lower than that of non responders. Neonatal survival was over 90% but long-term survival dropped to 64,5% linked to a high incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia had received indomethacin later than the others. It was found that postnatal age at the time of indomethacin administration correlated with the days of mechanical ventilation later required by the survivors. PMID- 6625370 TI - [Splenic conservative surgery in infants]. AB - We emphasize the present change of surgical attitude towards splenic injuries from radical surgery to conservative techniques. The research results from experimenting upon 12 dogs with splenorrhaphies, segmentary resections and partial heterotopic autotransplantations are presented. Splenorrhaphy clinical application was tried in 12 children followed by satisfactory results, without morbi-mortality. We considered scintigraphy with 99m technetium-sulfide colloid to be the best method known for early diagnosis of spleen injury. Likewise, we suggest the possibility of partial heterotopic autotransplantation in cases with necessary splenectomy. PMID- 6625372 TI - [Idiopathic transient hyperphosphatemia in an infant. Apropos of 2 observations]. PMID- 6625371 TI - [Hepatic hemangioendothelioma with interauricular communication]. AB - A case of hepatic hemangioendothelioma in an infant of 2 1/2 months of age is presented. This case showed clinical features of this malformation: cardiac failure, severe hepatomegaly and cutaneous hemangiomata. The cardiac failure was complicated by the presence of an atrial septal defect. This symptomatology persisted after the surgical closure of the cardiac defect. The control of cardiac failure was only possible by using high doses of metil-prednisolone (2 mg/kg/day). The scheme of management in the treatment with steroids was revised, and the good results obtained in this case and in other series recorded. The use of surgical techniques (hepatic artery ligation or lobectomy), and radiotherapy, is relegated to a secondary plane by these findings. PMID- 6625373 TI - [Goiter associated with deaf-mutism. Pendred syndrome]. PMID- 6625375 TI - Early left ventricular dysfunction and chelation therapy in thalassemia major. AB - Exercise radionuclide angiography was used to assess the incidence of subclinical abnormalities of left ventricular function in 23 asymptomatic patients with thalassemia major. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at rest was normal in 18 patients and abnormal in 5. A normal LVEF response during exercise was shown in only 5 of the patients with normal resting left ventricular function. A normal response during exercise occurred more often in those patients who had received a smaller transfusional iron load and had a lower serum ferritin level (p less than 0.05). Twelve of the twenty-three patients were receiving chelation therapy with subcutaneous deferoxamine. Ejection fraction at rest was normal in 11 of these patients. During exercise a normal ventricular response was shown in 4 patients. After 1 year of intensive chelation therapy in these 12 patients, left ventricular function was reassessed. A normal exercise response was seen in an additional 4 patients; 3 of these showed an increase in peak exercise LVEF, and in the remaining patient no change of peak exercise LVEF was shown. The response during exercise was unchanged in 3 patients and had deteriorated in 1 patient. PMID- 6625374 TI - Treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension with nifedipine. A hemodynamic and scintigraphic evaluation. AB - To evaluate the potential value of nifedipine treatment for primary pulmonary hypertension, hemodynamic and scintigraphic measurements were made before and 15 to 30 minutes after nifedipine, 10 to 20 mg, was given sublingually to nine patients. Nifedipine treatment increased cardiac output (mean +/- SD, 3.6 +/- 1.7 to 5.3 +/- 2.8 L/min, p less than 0.001) and decreased mean aortic pressure (99 +/- 19 to 85 +/- 12 mm Hg, p less than 0.001) and total pulmonary and total systemic resistances (1605 +/- 787 to 1025 +/- 540 dyn X s X cm-5 and 2761 +/- 1557 to 1591 +/- 823 dyn X s X cm-5, respectively; p less than 0.005). Heart rate and mean pulmonary arterial pressure did not change significantly. Right ventricular end-diastolic volume decreased 10% (p = 0.01), end-systolic volume decreased 15% (p less than 0.01), and right ventricular ejection fraction increased 18% (p less than 0.05) in eight patients. After 4 to 14 months (mean, 7.3 +/- 3.8) of treatment with nifedipine, 40 to 120 mg/d, in six patients, cardiac output increased (3.6 +/- 2.0 to 5.0 +/- 1.8 L/min, p less than 0.01) and total pulmonary resistance decreased (1572 +/- 730 to 987 +/- 586 dyn X s X cm-5, p = 0.025), whereas pulmonary arterial pressure remained unchanged (59 +/- 23.2 to 55 +/- 28.6 mm Hg, p greater than 0.05) compared with baseline values. We conclude that nifedipine therapy may be useful in the chronic management of patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 6625376 TI - Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration in the critically ill patient. Clinical use and operational characteristics. AB - Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration is an extracorporeal technique for the treatment of fluid overload and electrolyte disturbances and for the removal of urea nitrogen. This technique is especially applicable in critically ill patients with hemodynamic instability. A special filter and modified hemodialysis blood lines can easily and rapidly be attached to a patient. No special blood access is needed. Fluids and solutes are removed from the patient by ultrafiltration. A net filtration pressure inside the filter causes an ultrafiltrate to form. The extracorporeal circuit can be kept in place for hours or days. PMID- 6625377 TI - Concomitant hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody in thirteen patients. AB - Both hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and its antibody (anti-HBs) were found in 13 patients. Nine patients had HBsAg subtype ad, and 7 had anti-HBs monotypic subtype anti-y. Nine patients had HBsAg before detectable levels of anti-HBs were present. Of the 6 patients whose serum contained subtypes of both HBsAg and anti HBs, 4 had HBsAg before development of the monotypic antibody. All patients have remained positive for HBsAg and anti-HBs (mean duration, 55.5 weeks). Nine patients were positive for HBeAg, and 7 had renal disease. Six of these seven patients are on hemodialysis. Because of the differing subtype specificities of the circulating HBsAg and anti-HBs, we conclude that HBsAg and anti-HBs occur concomitantly. The presence of HBeAg, which indicates infectivity, is common in our study group, suggesting that these patients are a reservoir for transmission of hepatitis-B-virus infection. Therefore, the presence of anti-HBs alone does not indicate a noninfectious serum. Concomitant HBsAg and anti-HBs seems to be particularly common in patients with renal disease who are on hemodialysis. PMID- 6625378 TI - Spectrum of Vibrio infections in a Gulf Coast community. AB - Infection with Vibrio species was diagnosed in 23 patients over a 10-year period in a Gulf Coast community. Species isolated were Vibrio vulnificus, V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. alginolyticus. Clinical presentations included diarrhea, wound infection, and bacteremia. Gastrointestinal tract infection was infrequently diagnosed, despite the routine use of stool culture media appropriate for vibrio isolation. Bacteremic infections were severe and occurred only in patients with underlying diseases. Wound infections were complicated by tissue necrosis and required surgical debridement. In patients with underlying diseases, soft tissue infections often progressed to fatal septicemias. PMID- 6625379 TI - Immune thrombocytopenia associated with carcinoma. AB - Both platelet-associated IgG and IgM were quantitatively determined before and after therapy for immune thrombocytopenia in three patients with a recent diagnosis of carcinoma. In one patient, the platelet-associated IgG normalized and the platelet-associated IgM improved after the thrombocytopenia resolved after treatment with steroids, a splenectomy, and a brief course of chemotherapy. In the second patient, the thrombocytopenia improved during treatment with steroids; after further treatment with steroids and chemotherapy, the platelet associated IgG and IgM decreased. In a third patient who received no specific therapy, the platelet-associated IgG and IgM increased as the tumor progressed. Quantitation of platelet-associated IgG and IgM appears useful in determining which patients with thrombocytopenia and cancer may respond to therapy for immune thrombocytopenia. Patients who respond may then benefit from specific therapy against the primary malignancy. PMID- 6625380 TI - Bacteremia caused by a previously unidentified species of rapidly growing Mycobacterium successfully treated with vancomycin. AB - Bacteremia caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria are usually due to Mycobacterium fortuitum or M. chelonei. Other rapidly growing mycobacteria generally are considered to be nonpathogenic. We report the case of a patient with bacteremia due to an unidentified, rapidly growing, scotochromogenic mycobacteria that was detected by a radiometric blood culture system. Results of in-vitro susceptibility testing indicated that the organism was susceptible to vancomycin and other antimicrobial agents, and the patient was successfully treated with vancomycin. We believe that this is the first report of successful use of vancomycin therapy for a mycobacterial infection. PMID- 6625381 TI - Pheochromocytoma and prazosin. AB - Prazosin was used to control the signs and symptoms of excessive alpha-adrenergic activity in four patients with pheochromocytomas. Long-term dosage requirements were predicted by the blood pressure response to a single 1-mg oral dose. However, surgical management of the pheochromocytomas was inadequate with prazosin alone, and intravenous phentolamine was required to suppress the pressor surges generated by the tumor during surgical manipulation and excision. PMID- 6625382 TI - Hairy cell leukemia: a five-year update on seventy-one patients. AB - An updated analysis was done of 71 patients with hairy cell leukemia originally reported in 1978; 36 patients (51%) had died, 28 (39%) were still alive, and 7 (10%) were lost to follow-up. The median actuarial survival time for the entire group from the onset of symptoms was 70 months. Of the 28 known living patients, 8 had been followed for 12 years or more; the longest survivor has remained alive 289 months after the onset of symptoms. Eleven of the original 71 patients required no therapy; 5 remained alive 5 years or more. Causes of death included progressive disease in 4 patients, infections in 20, hemorrhage in 1, unknown causes in 4, and nonhematologic causes in 7. PMID- 6625383 TI - Amyloidosis (AA type) associated with nodular nonsuppurative panniculitis. AB - A 42-year-old man had a 9-year history of idiopathic, nodular nonsuppurative panniculitis that was complicated by generalized AA-type amyloidosis. We believe that this is the first report of this association. PMID- 6625384 TI - Drugs five years later. Dobutamine. AB - Dobutamine is a synthetic catecholamine developed as a relatively selective positive inotropic drug for short-term parenteral administration. Dobutamine's effects are mediated by strong beta 1 adrenergic receptor stimulation and mild stimulation of beta 2 and alpha 1 receptors. Dobutamine should be used to improve ventricular function and cardiac performance in patients in whom ventricular dysfunction has caused a reduced stroke volume and cardiac output, a mild to moderate drop in systemic blood pressure, diminished organ and tissue perfusion, and elevated ventricular filling pressures. When guidelines for patient selection and dosing are adhered to, ventricular dysfunction and cardiac decompensation secondary to atherosclerotic occlusive coronary artery disease can be improved without adversely affecting the myocardial oxygen supply and demand balance. Dobutamine has less vasopressor activity than norepinephrine and dopamine, and should not be the primary treatment in conditions characterized by marked hypotension and shock. PMID- 6625385 TI - Influenza vaccines 1983-1984. Recommendation of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee. AB - This revision of the influenza vaccine recommendations updates information on influenza activity in the United States for the 1982-1983 influenza season and provides information on the vaccine available for the 1983-1984 influenza season. PMID- 6625386 TI - Barriers to informed consent. AB - The law of informed consent seeks to actively involve patients in decision making. Most authorities agree that this involvement has not occurred but disagree about why. Some suggest that patients are incapable of understanding medical issues and others that physicians have not explained issues clearly or extensively enough. We observed decision making in several hospital settings and found other significant barriers to patient participation. These barriers include the fact that treatment decisions take place over a long period; there are often many decisions to be made; although patients want information about treatment, they typically believe that decision making is the physician's task; physicians do not understand the rationale for the patient's role in decisions; and the medical decision-making process often involves so many people that the patient does not know who is responsible. PMID- 6625387 TI - An additional basic science for clinical medicine: II. The limitations of randomized trials. AB - Although highly successful in investigating remedial therapy, randomized clinical trials have sometimes created rather than clarified controversy when the treatments were given for the complex problems involved in studying either the primary prevention of disease or the secondary prevention of adverse progression for an established disease. Another source of difficulty has been the inevitable conflicts created by two legitimate and justifiable but opposing policies regarding the fastidious or pragmatic goals of the trials. These problems limit the scope of clinical questions that can be answered successfully by randomized trials, but other limitations are produced by problems in logistics or ethics. Randomized trials are unfeasible for studying multiple therapeutic candidates, minor changes in therapy, "instabilities" due to rapid technologic improvements in available treatment, long-term adverse effects, studies of etiologic or other suspected "noxious" agents, and the diverse clinical roles of diagnostic technology. Consequently, despite the magnificent scientific achievements of randomized clinical trials, the foundation for a basic science of patient care will also require major attention to the events and observations that occur in the ordinary circumstances of clinical practice. PMID- 6625388 TI - Vibrios on the half shell: what the walrus and the carpenter didn't know. AB - At least nine Vibrio species have been associated with disease in the United States. Vibrio fluvialis, V. hollisae, V. mimicus, and V. parahaemolyticus cause diarrheal diseases, but may also be encountered in extraintestinal infections such as wound and ear infections, septicemia, and cholecystitis. Vibrio alginolyticus, V. damsela, V. metschnikovii, and V. vulnificus primarily cause extraintestinal disease. Toxigenic V. cholerae O1 is the cause of epidemic cholera, whereas nontoxigenic V. cholerae O1 and non-O1 V. cholerae have been associated with both diarrheal and extraintestinal diseases. Most reports of vibrio infections have come from states along the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico and from Hawaii, and most of the infections have occurred during summer and fall. Wound and ear infections have occurred after exposure to salty or brackish water or to drippings from raw seafoods. Foodborne vibrio infections are almost all caused by seafoods, especially oysters eaten raw. Thorough cooking and careful handling will render seafoods safe for consumption. PMID- 6625389 TI - Medical journals and urgent medical news. AB - The Director of the Office of Health Policy Information in the Harvard School of Public Health, concerned with public anxieties about the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, has urged scientific journals to take various steps to speed scientific information along, both to the news media and to print in the journals themselves. The Annals has for some years used one of these steps, accelerated peer review and revision of accepted papers. This journal also puts no constraints on authors discussing their research with the news media before publication of their papers. The journal, with authors' permissions, sends pre publication copies of important papers to the Federal agencies with responsibilities related to those papers. The Department of Health and Human Services should consider setting up a clearinghouse that could receive such pre publication copies and direct them to appropriate agencies. But none of these steps should by-pass peer review. PMID- 6625390 TI - Advanced diabetic retinopathy: surgical treatment of complications. AB - Visual loss from the complications of advanced diabetic retinopathy now can be managed more effectively by surgical vitrectomy with a significant reduction in operative and postoperative ocular morbidity. Ocular structures are now maintained in a more normal physiologic state, leaving the patient's lens in place, helping to reduce postoperative glaucoma. PMID- 6625391 TI - The Chinese hospital. AB - The Chinese hospital serves three separate but overlapping functions. Like Western hospitals, the Chinese hospital provides patient care in a wide range of settings and with various levels of facilities. The Chinese hospital is also a danwei or work unit, that employs not only health care personnel, but also day care teachers, builders, drivers, repairmen, and other auxiliary personnel. The third function is political and organizational. Hospital leaders act as local representatives of the Chinese Communist Party and the state, with jurisdiction over personal, professional, legal, and political activities of the workers in the hospital. PMID- 6625392 TI - Haiti and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. PMID- 6625393 TI - Nutrition and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. PMID- 6625394 TI - Hepatitis vaccine and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. PMID- 6625395 TI - Intravenous acyclovir and neurologic effects. PMID- 6625396 TI - Blood volume changes after weight reduction. PMID- 6625397 TI - Angiitis and photocopier fumes. PMID- 6625398 TI - Clonidine and hyperhidrosis. PMID- 6625399 TI - Pac-Man tendinitis. PMID- 6625400 TI - Wegener's granulomatosis and gangrene in the feet. PMID- 6625401 TI - Diagnostic strategy for obstructive jaundice. PMID- 6625402 TI - Trazodone and intrahepatic cholestasis. PMID- 6625403 TI - Scopolamine skin-disks and anisocoria. PMID- 6625404 TI - Ampicillin and hematologic effects. PMID- 6625405 TI - Amyloidosis and hyposplenism with leukocytosis and thrombocytosis. PMID- 6625406 TI - Correction: article on diagnosis in jaundice. PMID- 6625407 TI - Correction: article on inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and advanced age. PMID- 6625409 TI - Rectal examination in adolescent males. PMID- 6625408 TI - Correction: praziquantel and schistosomiasis treatment. PMID- 6625411 TI - [Hypertension and Cushing's disease]. AB - Over two thirds of patients with Cushing's disease suffer from hypertension. An analysis of 155 patients with Cushing's syndrome was undertaken to study its incidence and effects, and the biological profile and prognosis of the patients. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system was given particular attention in 5 patients. Serum angiotensin was raised and a positive correlation was observed with the serum cortisol. Serum aldosterone did not respond as normal to the usual stimuli and the normal plasma renin activity did not vary during the 24 hour period. The physiopathogenesis of hypertension in Cushing's disease is still not fully understood, especially with regard to the mode of action of the hypercortisolism, the essential factor. A mineralocorticoid type of behaviour, especially in the severe forms, may be associated with that of the ACTH-dependent precursors, a permissive action on certain pressor substances, the increase in secretion of angiotensin in parallel to that of the cortisol and finally, the increase in the risk factors probably play a role. The outcome of the hypertension after specific treatment of Cushing's disease is usually favourable. However, hypertension persists in a third of cases. PMID- 6625410 TI - [Hypertension in malignant tumors of the adrenal cortex. A review of clinical, biological and hormonal features]. AB - Hypertension may be a prominent and sometimes the dominant expression of tumours of the adrenal cortex as demonstrated in a personal series of 9 cases and in comparable series in the literature. It is therefore important, despite their relatively low incidence, to recognise adrenal cortical tumours as the cause of hypertension. The present study was undertaken to show that this diagnosis is relatively easy. The simplest indicators are:--the change in body electrolytes with hypokalaemia and hyper-kaliuria is practically constant and should prompt a hormonal investigation to demonstrate increases adrenal secretion of mineralocorticoids;--there is also a high incidence, despite the variable profiles of plasma and urinary corticosteroids, of paradoxical lowering of plasma aldosterone in parallel with normal or low PRA which does not react to orthostatism. These two preliminary investigations are the prelude and invitation to the measurement of other mineralocorticoids, especially desoxycorticosterone secondary to a relative block of 11-betahydroxylation from what other in vivo and in vitro studies have shown. Repeated monitoring of the preceding investigations is important for the post-operative follow-up and diagnosis of recurrences or metastases. PMID- 6625413 TI - [Tomodensitometry in pheochromocytomas]. AB - An atlas of the various appearances of pheochromocytoma on CAT scanning demonstrates the value of this method. Most diagnostic problems can be resolved whatever the presenting signs. This investigation locates the tumour(s) and determines their extension, so constituting an essential part of the preoperative work-up. PMID- 6625412 TI - [Current clinical problems of pheochromocytoma]. AB - The diagnostic problem of pheochromocytomas raises two questions: should all hypertensives be routinely investigated for this condition, and what is the best diagnostic method? As this is a rare condition, systematic screening gives a low return; considering the large number of hypertensive patients, it is also costly. On the other hand, as systematic autopsy studies have shown, the missed diagnosis can be serious (especially during pregnancy or surgery). Screening for this condition is proposed when the clinical features are suggestive, in pregnancy, when surgery is undertaken in a hypertensive patient and in all cases of method is still a matter of controversy: urinary hormonal levels (especially metanephrine levels) are supported by some workers, whilst serum catecholamine levels are supported by others. In any case, pharmacodynamic tests should only be used when these two methods are inconclusive. The long term prognosis of operated pheochromocytoma is less favourable then used to be thought: a certain number have persistent benign hypertension which may require treatment and which may become malignant at a later date. Adrenal medullary hyperplasia is a clinical entity which should be recognised. PMID- 6625414 TI - [Study of angiotensin II]. AB - Radioisotopic competition of angiotensin II (A II) together with the use of structural analogues of this peptide are the two main methods of investigating the physiopathology of this hormone. Of great theoretical interest, the results of radioimmunological assay of plasma A II should be interpreted with caution because of the methodological difficulties related to its measurement and to the metabolic situation of A II. The values of the plasma A II alone do not provide additional information compared to PRA and are not representative of the pressor and biological effects of the hormone. The inhibitors of A II, although they too have a certain agonist activity, represent a method of precise investigation of the peripheral role of the hormone. PMID- 6625415 TI - [Aldosterone in primary hyperaldosteronism]. AB - The conditions which must be respected to ensure the validity of the biochemical diagnostic criteria of primary hyperaldosteronism, conditions of blood sampling, timing posture and age of the patient, sodium intake and intercurrent drug therapy. As none of the tests is 100 p. 100 specific in distinguishing adrenal adenoma from hyperplasia, an association of several investigations has to be used. In cases of adenoma, the authors recommend the investigations which demonstrate the autonomy of secretion and the prevalence of circadian rhythm over the influence of change in posture. The measurement of aldosterone levels may be completed by that of its precursor, 18-hydroxy-corticosterone (18 OH CS). PMID- 6625416 TI - [Catecholamines and their derivatives in the study of pheochromocytoma]. AB - The biochemical diagnosis of pheochromocytoma is essentially based on the plasma and urinary levels of catecholamines and their derivatives, the metanephrines and vanyl-mandelic acid. The advantages and disadvantages of these investigations are reviewed, especially as regards the specificity and sensitivity of each test. The measurement of urinary metanephrine is the best test as its excretion is relatively higher, and it is rarely normal. The measurement of plasma catecholamines is more difficult but gives satisfactory results, but experience so far is limited. PMID- 6625417 TI - [Metabolism of catecholamines in the clinical biochemistry of hypertension]. AB - The object of this study was to review the state of methods of investigating the mmetabolism of catecholamines in the biochemical study of hypertension. A comparison between blood and urinary parameters would seem to show urinary metanephrine levels to be the most discriminating biochemical indicator of pheochromocytoma: this parameter is particularly valuable when pheochromocytoma is associated with normal blood pressure, a situation in which the circulating catecholamine levels are usually unchanged. Three recent aspects of this diagnosis, the development of which may provide new information, are discussed: differentiation between free and conjugated catecholamines, evaluation of platelet amines, the clonidine test. The study of the metabolism of catecholamines in non-tumoral hypertension is also considered but the problems in performing and interpreting these tests are much more difficult. PMID- 6625418 TI - [Strategy for the biochemical study of pheochromocytoma]. AB - The measurement of urinary methoxyamines (metadrenaline and normetadrenaline) by a method as selective as possible, is the best test for the biochemical diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. Its diagnostic reliability (99,5 p. 100) is much higher than that of urinary catecholamines (59 p. 100) or VMA (38 p. 100) or plasma catecholamine measurement. Drug interference is reduced. Two or three tests on consecutive days are adequate to establish the diagnostic, even in intermittent secreting tumours. PMID- 6625419 TI - [Strategy for studying mineralocorticoids other than aldosterone in arterial hypertension of hormonal origin]. AB - Deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and corticosterone (B) are two mineralocorticoid hormones, which are both secretory products of the zona fasciculata and precursors of aldosterone in the zona glomerulosa. Hyperproduction of these compounds plays certainly a role in the pathogenesis of Cushing syndrome hypertension. Their levels in plasma are moderately elevated in half cases of tumour or hyperplasia. In some tumors, the ratio B/DOC is lowered and this might be helpful in diagnosing the malignancy. Moreover, certain tumors secrete exclusively corticosterone and/or DOC. The same mineralocorticoids are responsible for the hypertension in congenital 11-beta-hydroxylase defects (where virilism is present) and congenital 17-alpha-hydroxylase defects (where impuberism is present). Thus, measurements of DOC and corticosterone levels are needed in any case of vascular hypertension associated with hypokalemia and non elevated renin activity, when routine investigations do not provide immediately the right diagnosis. PMID- 6625420 TI - [Strategy for hormonal study in the arterial hypertension of acromegaly]. AB - High blood pressure occurs in about 25 p. 100 of acromegalic patients. The mechanisms involved are unknown but an unusual incidence of Conn's syndrome has been reported in acromegaly. The development of hypertension may be favored by the chronic hydro-saline inflation dependent upon the growth hormone excess. Sodium inflation is likely to be responsible for abnormal responses to angiotensin II and its antagonists in normotensive acromegalics, which make the use of these agents inappropriate for the study of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system. The latter can be profitably explored by the measurement of hormonal blood levels which increase normally in response to Na deprivation and orthostatism. In cases of associated Conn syndrome, the urinary level of tetrahydro-aldosterone may be normal, aldosterone being metabolized through other pathways. This appears to be independent to growth hormone hypersecretion. PMID- 6625422 TI - [Therapeutic strategy in the hypertension of Cushing's disease]. AB - The hypertension of Cushing's disease regresses in about two thirds of cases after specific treatment of this condition. The therapeutic possibilities available at present include the synthetic anticortisol drugs (OP'DDD, aminoglutethimide) adenomectomy and hypophyseal radiotherapy and, finally, bilateral adrenalectomy. The indications of one or the other forms of treatment depend on the presence of a patent hypophyseal tumour, the age of the patient and the stage of the disease. The hypertension requires treatment either because of its severity from the outset or its persistence after treatment of the Cushing's disease. Betablockers or central sympatholytic drugs like clonidine, are then used in monotherapy of first intention. Diuretics should be avoided whenever possible because of the risk of adrenal insufficiency after reduction of the hypercorticism. PMID- 6625421 TI - [Role of hypothalamic dopamine in blood pressure regulation]. AB - Central dopamine is involved in the control of endocrine and autonomic nervous function. Dopamine has a central hypotensive effect which can be reproduced by the administration of dopaminergic agonists which cross the blood-brain barrier. These compounds could be useful in the treatment of hypertension as hypothalamic dopaminergic dysfunction has recently been suggested in these patients. PMID- 6625423 TI - [Medical treatment of pheochromocytoma]. AB - Medical treatment of pheochromocytoma is only conceivable in the context of preparing the patient for surgery or in the rare cases of inoperable tumour. Only peripheral catecholamine inhibitors should be used (alpha- or betablockers). Treatment should always start with alphablockers. The results obtained are difficult to analyse and it is not possible to lay down systematic doctrine, the indication being considered case by case. PMID- 6625424 TI - [Treatment of pheochromocytoma]. AB - Apart from the problems of preparation for surgery, the difficulties lie mainly in general anaesthesia. Blood pressure variations and cardiac arrhythmias must be prevented. Anaesthesia must be given with a lot of care and must be deep, and some stages are particularly dangerous: induction, intubation (it is best to give a local anaesthetic with lignocaine), manipulation during dissection which should be very gentle, ablation of the tumour or clamping the draining veins. Treatment of the arrhythmias detected on ECG monitoring is based mainly on the use of lignocaine. Continuous monitoring of intra-arterial pressure is used to detect any variation. Only the severe bouts of hypertension need correction with phentolamine or nitroprussiate. In cases of shock, the essential point of management is to reestablish an adequate circulating volume: intravenous fluids are best given with control of pulmonary pressures which allows dangerous overload to be avoided. The specific problem of malignant pheochromocytoma is two fold: treatment of the hypertension, at best with alpha-methyl-tyrosine or otherwise, with labetolol or prazosine, and treatment of the tumour, which has still not been resolved, and for which trials of chemotherapy are in progress. PMID- 6625426 TI - [Epithelioma of the lacrimal sac. Review of the literature and analysis of 8 cases]. AB - Eight patients with lacrimal sac epitheliomas are reported and the published literature reviewed. Clinical signs of these very particular type of tumor are described, as well as their method of extension to the upper facial region which has now been perfectly documented by computed tomography images. Papillomatous forms are relatively frequent, progression of the tumors is slow, and the prognosis for recurrences is fairly good if extensive surgery has been applied. PMID- 6625425 TI - [Anatomo-clinical conference, pitie-Salpetriere Hospital. Case No. 3--1983. Walking difficulties in an Algerian woman]. PMID- 6625427 TI - [Agenesis of the ear: analytical study. Apropos of 150 cases]. AB - Congenital malformations and agenesis of the ear can affect the external and middle ears, while internal ear structures are generally spared. The malformations may be of different degrees but two stages are usually distinguished. Major agenesis involves malformations of the pinna with absence of the canal and severe middle ear lesions, while in minor agenesis the external ear is only slightly affected or is normal, but is associated with malformations of the auditory ossicula and the walls of the tympanic cavity. The difficulty in deciding on therapy and the extreme variability of results from one case to another explains the wide divergence of opinions of different authors. Three factors are of importance to ensure effective treatment : as early as possible detection, determination of suitability for operation by a complete investigation, and language teaching, a major problem in bilateral agenesis, by means of a hearing-aid initially, followed by surgery. PMID- 6625428 TI - [Value of the study of cochlear microphonic recordings in deep and severe deafness]. AB - A study was conducted to assess the contribution of cochlear microphonic potential recordings during electrophysiologic audiometry examinations. Amplitude of microphonic recordings were correlated with the degree of deafness, its etiology, and the prosthetic prognosis in 38 electrocochleographic examinations. Preliminary results are analyzed. PMID- 6625429 TI - [Ewing's inverted nasosinal papilloma. Critical study of therapeutic indications. Apropos of 14 cases]. AB - Fourteen cases of Ewing's inversed papilloma of the nose and sinuses were treated as primary lesions or after recurrence. Clinical and paraclinical, mainly radiologic, endoscopic, and biologic investigations are of fundamental importance and should be as extensive for primary as for recurrent lesions. Treatment is largely dependent on the results of these examinations, is essentially surgical, and should respond to two imperatives. First, it should lead to total excision under the best possible conditions, and second, it should involve a minimum of sequelae, particular esthetic complications. Techniques for excision through the natural pathways are described, followed by those using an external approach (canine fossa or para-lateronasal approaches), as well as their advantages and inconveniences. The preferred procedure is through an open, wide, para lateronasal approach, enabling the most effective excision to be performed, this technique appearing to be essential for recurrent lesions. PMID- 6625430 TI - [Solitary chondromas and osteochondromas of the spine with myeloradicular compressive manifestations. Apropos of 6 surgically-treated cases]. AB - 3 spinal chondromas and 3 spinal osteochondromas are described and the relevant literature is reviewed. These oncotypes may remain symptomless or may present as a hard paravertebral swelling or with pain or, more rarely, with a slowly developing neurological syndrome. Chondromas may appear at any age whereas osteochondromas are more likely to occur during the age of skeletal growth. Both have a predilection for males. Standard Xrays may be diagnostic in osteochondromas but do not always visualise chondromas, which may simulate malignant osteolytic lesions or giant cell tumors and their variants. Computed tomography is indispensable for defining the size of the lesion and its relationships with surrounding structures, for planning surgical treatment, and for following-up its evolution. For both oncotypes treatment is surgical. Recurrence is very rare even after subtotal removal. Malignant degeneration is likewise rare. Operative mortality is nil and neurological recovery is the rule. PMID- 6625431 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus]. AB - Two rare (as they were cervical) cases of so-called spontaneous rupture of the esophagus are reported, and similar cases treated in the C.H.U. Rennes, over the last 8 years reviewed. The historical background and pathogenic mechanism of this affection are recalled, and its difficult diagnosis emphasized, the latter being the result of the almost total lack of precise symptoms, which associate thoracic, abdominal, and cervical features to varying degrees. Therapy is difficult and the prognosis poor. PMID- 6625432 TI - [Comparative survey concerning methods of vestibular exploration used in 10 Western European countries]. AB - For the first time, a survey was conducted in 10 western European countries to compare methods used for vestibular exploration. Statistical analysis of findings showed that apart from spontaneous tests there was a tendency for aqueous, gaseous, rotatory, pendular instrumental tests to be used with increasing frequency, with more widespread application of electronystagmography. Finally, there appears to be marked similarities between and even standardization of the methods used in the different countries. PMID- 6625433 TI - [Critical study of corrective technics for protuding ears]. PMID- 6625434 TI - [Post-traumatic optochiasmatic syndrome]. AB - A case of post-traumatic opto-chiasmatic syndrome is described, and the principal characteristics of the affection outlines. This rare syndrome complicates severe cranial injuries, and is simple to diagnose when confronted with a patient with bitemporal hemianopsia frequently associated with diabetes insipidus or paralysis of certain cranial nerves. Suggested mechanisms for the lesion include sagittal stretching of the chiasma or an ischemic focus. PMID- 6625435 TI - [Isolated ethmoid meningioma. Apropos of a case]. AB - A case of meningioma confined to the ethmoid region is reported. After emphasizing the rare nature of these primary localizations, and their clinical latency, a brief summary is given of the embryologic origin of these tumors. Comparison of the long-term course of double-sac meningiomas and those developing primarily in the ethmoid region showed improved prognosis for the latter, following total surgical excision, the former having a very marked tendency to recur. PMID- 6625436 TI - Glottographic measurement of vocal dysfunction. A preliminary report. AB - Objective measurement of vocal function is important in evaluating phonatory disorders, planning treatment, and documenting the effects of therapy. Glottographic measurement, ie, measures that describe glottal movement, can be performed and analyzed relatively easily, and can be related to the pathophysiology of vocal dysfunction. In our clinic, simultaneous recording of acoustic, photoglottographic and electroglottographic signals is being used in the evaluation of patients with voice disorders associated with neurologic impairments. Our experience with these measures indicates that they may provide detailed information about the vibratory patterns of the vocal folds, which appears to differentiate some phonatory characteristics among patients with differing types of disorders. PMID- 6625437 TI - Quantitative and objective evaluation of vocal cord function. AB - Objective and quantitative evaluation of vocal cord function is a goal that has been difficult for voice clinicians to obtain. To be useful as a clinical screening tool it must be easy to perform, it must produce numerical storable data, it must have a high degree of accuracy, and it must be cost-effective. The results of this study have shown that using the perturbation factor and the equipment described, a successful rate of greater than 93% can be obtained in evaluating vocal cord dysfunction. The results further indicate that this equipment can be used much in the same way as an audiogram to follow-up and clinically evaluate on an objective basis the function of the vocal cords. PMID- 6625438 TI - Three-dimensional computer reconstruction of the distribution of neuromuscular junctions in the thyroarytenoid muscle. AB - Microinjections of botulinum toxin have recently been shown to be effective in the treatment of strabismus, and it has also been suggested that microinjections of this myoneural blocking agent might be of value in the treatment of spastic dysphonia. The success of such a microinjection technique would rely on a precise knowledge of the distribution of myoneural junctions in the thyroarytenoid muscle. In view of this potential application as well as the need for such information in reinnervation procedures, we have used computer graphics to reconstruct the three-dimensional distribution of motor end-plates in the thyroarytenoid muscle. Three cat and one human (fresh autopsy specimen) larynges were frozen and sectioned on a cryostat. Serial sections were then processed for the histochemical localization of acetylcholinesterase activity to demarcate the neuromuscular junctions. An X-Y digitizer was used to reference the position of the motor end-plates in each serial section, and the three-dimensional distribution of the neuromuscular junctions was reconstructed on a computer graphics terminal. The results are discussed in regard to their applicability to clinical treatment of spastic dysphonia and other disorders of phonation. PMID- 6625439 TI - Videolaryngoscopy. A comparison of fiberscopic and telescopic documentation. AB - Videolaryngoscopy is a most useful and effective method of evaluation and documentation of physiological and pathological conditions of the larynx. It is of great value for making accurate diagnosis and planning proper treatment. It permits instant and simultaneous voice and video recording and later analysis. Videolaryngoscopy can be accomplished with either a flexible fiberscope or a rigid right-angled telescope. Fiberscopic videolaryngoscopy is more useful for voice analysis of speech disorders and evaluation of such functions of the larynx as phonation, singing, and swallowing. Telescopic videolaryngoscopy is superior for critical evaluation of anatomical and pathological changes of the laryngeal structures as well as close-up examination of vocal cord function. While fiberscopic laryngoscopy is technically easy, fiberscopic video documentation is much more difficult than telescopic video documentation. Telescopic videolaryngoscopy provides clearer and sharper images of the larynx. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed. PMID- 6625440 TI - Voice change in the pediatric patient. A differential diagnosis. AB - This paper reviews the causes of voice change in the infant and child. Symptoms of dysphonia can be very early evidence of a serious problem, either within the larynx or resulting from a systemic disease. The need to investigate the cause of voice disturbances is stressed. The large number of diseases in which voice change occurs makes a complete examination of the child, both local and systemic, absolutely necessary in order to arrive at a specific diagnosis. The mechanism of voice change is described in each category of the numerous causes of dysphonia. PMID- 6625441 TI - Quantification of intralaryngeal pressure exerted by endotracheal tubes. AB - Prolonged endotracheal intubation in critically ill patients has become an accepted routine. One notable consequence of this form of management is injury to the posterior aspect of the glottis, apparently an injury caused by the presence of an endotracheal tube. Utilizing two types of sensing devices, the pressure exerted by endotracheal tubes was measured in the canine larynx via a laryngofissure approach. Pressure in excess of 200 mm Hg was consistently noted in the region of the arytenoid cartilage. A variety of tubes were tested with similar results. PMID- 6625442 TI - Congenital laryngeal hemangioma. AB - Congenital subglottic hemangioma consistently occurs in a site below the vocal cord. It is a distinct clinical entity with typical clinical features. However, congenital hemangioma in other sites can cause airway obstruction. An anatomical classification is proposed on the basis of review of 23 consecutive cases. It is important to accurately identify the site and distribution of the lesion before commencing treatment. Radiation has been an acknowledged form of treatment, and in our hospital we have confirmed that radiation therapy, either by external beam, or by insertion of a radioactive gold grain, gives good results. The theoretical possibility of radiation-induced malignancy in the thyroid gland is reduced to an absolute minimum by use of a radioactive grain for localized tumor dose with minimum radiation of surrounding tissue. PMID- 6625443 TI - Training singing children during the phases of voice mutation. AB - Development of singing ability in children is well documented and frequently fraught with admonitions to postpone formal training until the age of 17 or 18 years for boys and 16 years for girls, when voice change is usually complete and the risk for damaging developing structures is minimal. The author contends that the interval of voice mutation, a time of rapid physical change, is precisely the period when the young singer should pursue human musical instrument training under tutelage of singing teachers knowledgeable and experienced in the training techniques described herein and with the guidance of an otorhinolaryngologist to evaluate and monitor fitness. Voice mutation is viewed as a natural process of maturation, which can be enhanced by a formal training program. PMID- 6625444 TI - Laryngeal nerve crush for spastic dysphonia. AB - Twenty-two patients with a diagnosis of spastic dysphonia were treated by laryngeal nerve crush. All patients had initial improvement. Success at 3-year follow-up was 13%. Laryngeal nerve crush is no longer advocated as treatment for spastic dysphonia. PMID- 6625445 TI - Teflon injection of the vocal cord: complications, errors, and precautions. AB - An effort is made to summarize errors and complications in Teflon vocal cord surgery. This represents accumulated experience from 240 cases. Concentrated advice and precautions are given to improve results and expectations of the surgery. PMID- 6625447 TI - Muscle transposition in the rehabilitation of the paralyzed larynx. AB - Muscle transposition of the innervated omohyoid muscle into the tendon of the paralyzed posterior cricoarytenoid muscle was studied in a small series of subhuman primates. A similar procedure was described previously by King for treatment of bilateral recurrent nerve injuries. Our studies confirm that this procedure adequately enlarges the airway to allow normal activity without a tracheostomy. Histologic studies appear to show nerve ingrowth occurring at 6 months as in other neuromuscular pedicle procedures. The procedure is easily performed and causes no other muscle denervation. PMID- 6625446 TI - Early experiences with vocal ligament tightening. AB - Loss of tension of the thyroarytenoid ligament is seen in elderly patients, in patients with chronic voice strain, and in patients who have had intubation trauma or laryngeal crush trauma. A tightening of the ligament by mobilizing a midline strip of the thyroid cartilage and advancing the upper end of this strip is described. The early results are encouraging; long-term results in older patients are not really known at this time. PMID- 6625448 TI - Intralaryngeal release for tracheal anastomosis. AB - An operation for obtaining additional length in order to achieve end-to-end anastomosis of the trachea without significant suture-line tension is described. The intralaryngeal procedure lengthens the larynx approximately 1 to 2 cm without restricting its function. It is an expedient, effective technique when used primarily, or adjunctively, with a suprahyoid or mediastinal release. PMID- 6625449 TI - Preoperative irradiation and surgery for carcinoma of the base of the tongue. AB - From 1960 through 1978, 101 patients with histologically proven epidermoid carcinoma of the base of the tongue were treated with preoperative irradiation and surgery at Washington University School of Medicine. Local and regional control at 3 years was achieved in 65% of the patients, and at 5 years in 57%. Sixteen percent of patients who suffered local or regional failure were salvaged by further surgery. Distant metastases developed in approximately 18% of patients and second malignancies developed in 20%. It appears that the combination of preoperative irradiation plus surgery provides substantial local control rates and survival for patients with base of tongue cancer in both early and moderately advanced stages. PMID- 6625451 TI - Evaluation of the adult with sleep apnea. AB - Twenty-seven cases of adult sleep apnea are reported. The patients were studied with all-night polysomnography. Seven (26%) had predominately obstructive sleep apnea, while another seven (26%) had predominantly central sleep apnea. Thirteen patients (48%) were found to have a mixed pattern. Obesity was not a reliable guideline for predicting differential etiology. We conclude that sleep studies with specific monitoring are essential in the evaluation of the adult with sleep apnea prior to therapeutic intervention. PMID- 6625450 TI - Management of congenital ear malformations. AB - In spite of modern diagnostic and surgical techniques, the results of congenital ear malformation surgery are often disappointing. Not only are hearing results less than expected, but also postoperative canal stenosis is a significant problem. This paper reviews the historical development of atresia surgery, the various classification systems, and the management of congenital ear malformations at The Otology Group. The authors' surgical technique is described and the postoperative results of 33 ear operations are discussed. Twenty-two of 33 cases showed some improvement in hearing. Postoperative stenosis occurred in 42% of atresia cases. PMID- 6625453 TI - Osteomyelitis of the clavicle. AB - Osteomyelitis of the clavicle is rare; however, it may occur following head and neck surgery. Risk factors include radiation, long-standing tracheitis, disruption of the periosteum or the cortical bone with interruption of the blood supply to the clavicle. Proper management includes early diagnosis, surgical debridement of soft tissue and bone, appropriate antimicrobial therapy, and coverage of the defect with a myocutaneous flap to protect the great vessels of the upper mediastinum. PMID- 6625452 TI - Solitary lateral cervical cyst: presenting symptom of papillary thyroid adenocarcinoma. AB - Four cases of lateral cervical cysts in young women are presented. At least three of them proved to be the result of cystic degeneration of cervical lymph nodes containing metastatic papillary adenocarcinoma from the primary neoplasm in the thyroid gland. In each case, these cystic structures were the sole presenting sign of the disease. The significance of cystic metastases from papillary thyroid adenocarcinoma and their relationship to the primary tumor is discussed. The pathogenesis of these cystic metastases, their clinical setting, and differentiation from congenital cysts are emphasized. PMID- 6625455 TI - An ectopic salivary calculus. PMID- 6625454 TI - Irrigation of the maxillary sinus by canine fossa puncture. Experience with 202 patients. AB - Maxillary sinus lavage through the canine fossa was performed on 202 patients. This procedure is relatively safe, easily learned and quickly performed, has minimal side effects and a very low percentage of failures, and is more acceptable to most patients. It should be used by otolaryngologists, at least as a useful alternative to the classical method. PMID- 6625456 TI - Ameloblastoma of the maxilla and peripheral ameloblastomas. AB - Ameloblastomas arising in the supraperiosteal soft tissues (peripheral ameloblastoma) and those taking origin in the maxilla have distinctively different biologic behaviors. The peripheral ameloblastoma can be successfully treated by conservative excision while en bloc resection is warranted for the maxillary ameloblastoma. The effectiveness of primary surgical treatment of an ameloblastoma of the maxilla is the key to reduce morbidity and mortality from the lesion. Anatomic differences between the maxilla and mandible and an apparent more aggressive behavior of maxillary tumors also play a role in establishing the ameloblastoma of the maxilla as the most dangerous of the ameloblastomas. PMID- 6625457 TI - [Human gnathostomiasis. The first evidence of the parasite in South America]. AB - Reporting 4 cases of gnathostomiasis, a clinical review of this disease is given by the authors. In one of these cases the diagnosis could be established by evidencing the parasite. The name: nodular migratory eosinophilic panniculitis is suggested for this disease. PMID- 6625458 TI - [Erythema gyratum repens and primary bronchial cancer. Disappearance of the dermatosis under general corticoid therapy]. AB - A case of Erythema Gyratum Repens in a 76 year old man with bronchiolar carcinoma is reported. The onset of the dermatosis preceded the discovery of the neoplasm. Oral corticosteroids induced the disappearance of the skin lesions. No recurrence was observed after discontinuation of the treatment. The patient died 7 months after the onset of the dermatosis. PMID- 6625459 TI - [Goldenhar syndrome. Oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia. 2 new pediatric cases]. AB - The authors report two new cases of Goldenhar's syndrome, as they are described in Gorlin's scheme of oculo-auriculo-vertebral dysplasia. Therapeutical problems (plastic and orthopedic surgery, ocular prothesis and hearing aid) due to Goldenhar's syndrome are very acutely pointed out in these cases. Generalized convulsions, not yet described in the medical literature, are found in these two cases. These congenital malformations are caused by branchial arches organogenesis anomalies. The authors consider that accurate and early dermatologic diagnosis is important for the correct management of children with oculo-auriculo-dysplasia. PMID- 6625461 TI - [Accidental leukomelanoderma induced by topical depigmenting agents]. PMID- 6625460 TI - [Major hypertrichosis in an adult female secondary to porphyria cutanea tarda. Its evolution with chloroquine]. PMID- 6625462 TI - [Trichothiodystrophy: a morphological and biochemical study]. AB - Trichothiodystrophy is a pilar dysplasia which is characterized by the existence of brittle hair with trichoschisis, a typical pattern of transmission of polarized light and decreased levels of sulfur containing amino acids. In this report we show various aspects of the hair dysplasia and of the hair bulbs by light and scanning electron microscopy. Normal levels of cystin in the peripheral blood were associated with decreased levels of this amino acid in the hair shafts. Incorporation of radio-labelled cystine in hair follicles seemed however normal. Our results do not support the generally accepted hypothesis of a defective transport mechanism in the hair follicle. As a similar defect in other tissues (e. g. nervous system, spermatozoids...) is also thought to be responsible for the associated symptoms (e. g. nervous impairment, sterility in males...) we think it is important to lead further research in this field in order to elucidate the metabolic pathways underlying these rare clinical syndromes. PMID- 6625463 TI - [Erythema nodosum and Campylobacter fetus infection]. PMID- 6625464 TI - [Effects of hyperinfestations by Echinostoma togoensis Jourdane and Kulo, 1981 on growth and survival of Biomphalaria pfeifferi snails]. AB - A study of larval development of Echinostoma togoensis in Biomphalaria pfeifferi under hyperinfestation conditions (number of miradia equal to or greater than 10) showed the following characteristics: --Exposure to E. togoensis resulted in considerably increased growth in relation to the miracidial exposure dose; - Exposure to E. togoensis resulted in considerably increased mortality of B. pfeifferi. A population of Planorbs infested with 20 miracidia is completely eliminated 6 weeks after exposure. This last character, discovered for the first time in an Echinostome species, which is also a sterilizing species for the Planorb and a dominant competitor over Schistosoma mansoni, emphasizes the choice of E. togoensis as a biological control agent of intestinal schistosomiasis in Africa. PMID- 6625465 TI - [The structural changes of the kidney in Lymnaea truncatula Muller infected by Fasciola hepatica L]. AB - The kidney of Lymnaea truncatula showed structural changes when infected by Fasciola hepatica. These changes first occurred at day 21 postexposure at 20 degrees C and concerned a destruction of renal epithelial cells followed by an epithelial hyperplasia. These hyperplasied epithelial cells again showed a destruction at days 49 and 70 post-exposure. The significance of these results is discussed. PMID- 6625466 TI - [Populations or species? Research on the significance of the transmission of Trematoda Lepocreadiinae (T. Odhner, 1905) in 2 marine ecosystems]. AB - Two ophthalmotrichocercous cercariae, very similar as concerns their morphological and anatomical characteristic, parasitize two distinct species of marine Prosobranches: Sphaeronassa mutabilis and Amyclina corniculum. The development of these two cercariae has been followed through the corresponding adult stages. The life cycles of these two lines of Trematodes were shown to be different not only for the first intermediate host but also for the second hosts (Pelecypods); only the final hosts are shared (Sparus auratus, Pagellus erythrinus and P. mormyrus). Additionally the endemiotops (where the life cycle develops) are fundamentally different. Beaches of fine sand with a depth of 0 to 10 m are the endemiotop of the line arising from S. mutabilis whereas hydrodynamically calm muddy biotops (depth between 0 and 10 cm) found at the periphery of prairies of Cymodocea nodosa are the endemiotop of the line arising from A. corniculum. A biometrical study of every larval stage shows significant differences between those two lines. In spite of these differences, the most part of morphological, anatomical and biological characteristics are the same among the various stages of the two lines. So we think the two lines could be, in fact, two populations of the same species, Lepocreadium pegorchis M. Stossich, 1900 which are found together into the definitive hosts, because these fishes are living into the ecosystems characteristic of the two lines. If so, we should be faced to a noteworthly example of ecological vicariance. PMID- 6625467 TI - [Spilotylenchus arthuri, gen. n., sp. n. (Nematodea, Tylenchida: Allantonematidae), parasite of Spilopsyllus cuniculi (Dale, 1878) (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae)]. AB - Spilotylenchus arthuri gen. n., sp. n. (Nematodea, Tylenchida: Allantonematidae) parasite of the European rabbit flea Spilopsyllus cuniculi (Dale, 1878) is described from a material including parasitic females so as freeliving adults, male and female. Neoparasitylenchus megabothridis Laumond et Beaucournu, 1977 and N. laplandicus Rubtzov et Darskaya, 1981, are held to belong to this new genus. S. arthuri produce a locking of the oogenesis in female fleas. PMID- 6625468 TI - [Larval biology of Cyrnea (Cyrnea) eurycerca Seurat, 1914, a habronemid nematode parasite of the francolin in Togo]. AB - Larval biology of the habronemid nematode Cyrnea (Cyrnea) eurycerca Seurat, 1914, parasite of the Double-spurred Francolin Francolinus bicalcaratus, in Togo, is experimentally studied with the orthopteran Acrididae Tylotropidius patagiatus Karsch as intermediate host. The first three larval stages are described and illustrated. Infective larvae, which occur after two weeks of development at 30 degrees C, are unusually large (3 mm). The biology of this habronemid nematode is compared with the biology of the other Spirurids. It differs by: --an asynchronous penetration of the first stage larvae in the insect adipose tissue, -a short stay in this tissue (about 5 days) with a cell reaction of encapsulation, followed by an active escape of second stage larvae out of their capsule, --free and movable infective larvae in the hemocoele of the insect. PMID- 6625469 TI - [Biological cycle of Cyrnea (Procyrnea) mansoni Seurat, 1914, a habronemid nematode parasite of birds of prey in Togo]. AB - A habronemid nematode in birds of prey, Milvus migrans Bonaparti and Accipiter badius Linne, in Togo, is identified as Cyrnea (Procyrnea) mansioni (Seurat, 1914). Larval development is experimentally studied in the orthopteran Acrididae Tylotropidius patagiatus Karsch. The first three larval stages are described and illustrated. The biology of this spiruroid nematode is distinguished by the unusual rapidity of larval development (infective larvae at 10 days). Comparison of the life cycle of C. mansioni with life cycles of other Habronemid Nematodes parasitizing birds, points out an evolution of larvae from primitive forms of large size and slow development to evolved forms of small size and rapid development. Observations concerning the encapsulation of infective larvae in the intermediate host confirm this larval evolution. PMID- 6625470 TI - [Description of a new genus of Benthimermithidae (Nematoda) presenting with a uterus with attached glands]. AB - Juvenile females belonging to a new genus and new species of Benthimermithidae, Adenodelphis eurythenes n. gen., n. sp., parasites of the amphipod Eurythenes gryllus in abyssal sediments from the Norway Sea are described. The genus is characterized mainly by the presence of uterine glands scattered along the proximal third of the uterus. PMID- 6625471 TI - [Edesonfilaria cynocephali n. sp., a filarial parasite of Dermoptera in Malaysia]. AB - Edesonfilaria cynocephali n. sp., a parasite of Cynocephalus variegatus taylori (Thomas) in Malaysia, is described. Makifilaria Krishnasamy et coll., 1981 is placed in synonymy with Edesonfilaria and the new combination E. inderi (Krishnasamy et coll., 1981) n. comb. is proposed. Edesonfilaria and the closely related genus Macacanema constitute a small evolutionary line of Filariae with a hyperspecialized oesophagus (the glandular portion lacks lumen); the line is restricted to the Indo-Malaysian region and occurs in arboreal Dermopterans, Chiropterans and Primates. PMID- 6625472 TI - [Rhadinopsylla (Rhadinopsylla) eivissensis Beaucournu and Alcover stat. nov.: complement of description and discussion of the status of related species (Siphonaptera, Hystrichopsyllidae)]. AB - Rhadinopsylla (R.) eivissensis B. and A. of Eivissa, Balearic Isles (Spain) belongs to the masculana complex, which is defined by the authors. This species is easily characterized in the male with the characters of the sternum VII, of the tergum IX, and the phallosome. The female is closely related to that of the R. masculana. The masculana complex includes actually, in addition to R. masculana Jordan and Rothschild from North Africa, R. eivissensis and R. beillardae Beaucournu and Launay (stat. nov.) from Spain. The biogeographical interest of this complex, primitively bound to the Gerbillidae, is stressed. PMID- 6625473 TI - [A new shear-cell adapted to pharmaceutical problems]. PMID- 6625474 TI - [Effects of gamma rays on the raw materials or compounded perfumes]. PMID- 6625475 TI - [Lipoproteins rich in apoprotein B and Stuart factor: demonstration of molecular interactions]. PMID- 6625476 TI - [Technique for the assay of bamifylline and some of its metabolites in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography]. PMID- 6625477 TI - [Pyrazolidinediones. III. O-Acetyl and N-acetyl derivatives. Synthesis and structural study]. PMID- 6625478 TI - [Some 4-phenylthiopyridine-3-sulfonamides with hypolipemic properties]. PMID- 6625479 TI - [Preparation and protozoocidal properties of heterocyclic sulfides and sulfones]. PMID- 6625480 TI - [Diagnosis and anthelminthic action of Alsidium helminthocorton Kutzing (Corsican moss), of Jania rubens Lamour and of Corallina officinalis L]. PMID- 6625481 TI - [Comparison of the venoms of two viperides, Lachesis mutus and Crotalus horridus by electrofocusing]. PMID- 6625482 TI - Surgery for the bulbous nasal tip. AB - Correction of the bulbous nasal tip is difficult. Numerous techniques for tip rhinoplasty have been described, but many differ in their treatment of the wide intercrural angle and the flared lateral crus, which are characteristics of the bulbous tip. The technique described in this article has been used successfully on 44 patients over the last two years. The technique is as follows: if the skin is thick and there is adequate projection of the tip, the rim should be transected just lateral to the genu. If there is too much projection, a piece of the rim should be removed. If the skin is thick and there is adequate projection of the nose but a bulbous appearance because of the flared arch, a portion of the arch should be resected without removal of the lining. If there is unilateral or asymmetrical deformity, the individual segments can be resected. PMID- 6625483 TI - Diamond burr otoplasty. AB - We present a technique for the treatment of prominent ears using a diamond burr to produce a very natural and stable antihelical fold. Our experience in the treatment of over 43 ears over a ten-year period has been very satisfactory for both patient and surgeon. This procedure overcomes many of the shortcomings of more traditional techniques of otoplasty, including suture pull-through, widened antihelical fold, and an unpredictable, unstable result. PMID- 6625484 TI - Facial fractures in trauma victims: the influence of treatment delay on ultimate outcome. AB - To obtain objective data on the consequences of delayed treatment of facial fractures we reviewed the records of 220 patients who had suffered facial fractures concomitantly with extrafacial trauma severe enough in its own right to warrant hospital admission. Fractures studied were those of the mandible, maxilla, zygoma, and frontal sinus. Seventy-three patients fit inclusion criteria. Most injuries occurred in motor vehicle accidents. Associated extrafacial injuries were common and frequently multiple, the more serious of which generally took priority over the facial injuries in the triage system. The two most common reasons for delay were instability of the patient's neurological status, or initial non-recognition or poor definition of the facial fracture. Delays in treatment ranged from 0 to 24 days. In patients with mandible fracture only, delay of up to 24 days in definitive treatment led to no noticeable increase in morbidity due to malocclusion, infection, or nonunion. In no other facial fracture did treatment delay lead to an increased incidence of complications. Retrospective analysis of the patients who did suffer complications almost always revealed predisposing conditions that placed these patients at higher risk for poor results. PMID- 6625485 TI - The rhomboid-to-W flap. AB - Further applications of the rhomboid-to-W principle are discussed. The use of the flap in areas where other local flaps have not been successful is shown, together with an in-depth discussion of the planning and design of this flap. PMID- 6625486 TI - An interview with John C. Mustarde, F.R.C.S. conducted by Lars M. Vistnes, M.D., F.R.C.S. PMID- 6625487 TI - Reconstruction of eyelids. PMID- 6625488 TI - Progress in organ transplantation: report of 1982 Eurotransplant Foundation Meeting, Leiden, Netherlands. PMID- 6625489 TI - Suction lipectomy--a review of 200 patients over a six-year period and a study of the technique in cadavers. AB - Suction lipectomy is designed to reduce subcutaneous fat. It is strictly a procedure for the removal of localized fat and body contouring in selected patients and is not a substitute for weight reduction. The technique and the complications associated with the procedure were reviewed in more than 200 patients. Suction lipectomy was performed on fresh cadavers to study the nature of the fibrous tissue and to better understand why the procedure has proved safe. PMID- 6625490 TI - The vascular supply to the skin: an anatomical and physiological reappraisal- Part I. AB - We present a new concept of vascular anatomy, proposing that a complex subcutaneous vascular network, located between the dense and loose adipose tissue, connects the larger subcutaneous vessels, the vertical perforators, and the subdermal plexus. Knowledge of the location of these vessels helps determine optimal flap design and level of elevation. In this first of two articles, we describe the experimental portions of our study. The sequel describes the human experience and clinical implications. PMID- 6625491 TI - [Emergency radiology of acute traumatic ruptures of the thoracic aorta. Detection of atypical forms. Apropos of 52 cases]. PMID- 6625492 TI - [Anomalies of emergence of lumbosacral nerve roots: myelographic diagnosis and surgical correlations]. PMID- 6625493 TI - [Correlations between non-invasive methods and angiography for diagnosing stenoses and obliterations of supra-aortic trunks]. PMID- 6625494 TI - [Equalization of densities in digital angiography]. PMID- 6625495 TI - [Probe for double-contrast enema in the aged and very young children]. PMID- 6625496 TI - [Recurrence of a coronary fistula after surgical treatment]. PMID- 6625497 TI - [Pheochromocytoma of the organ of Zuckerkandl. Value of angiographic exploration. Apropos of 1 case]. PMID- 6625499 TI - [Value of endorectal echography in rectal surgery]. PMID- 6625498 TI - [Prevention of early thromboses after arterial surgery by intraoperative Doppler flow measurement]. PMID- 6625500 TI - [Pheochromocytomas: diagnosis, anesthesia and treatment. Apropos of 17 recent cases]. PMID- 6625501 TI - [Hartmann's intervention in emergencies. Reflections apropos of 50 cases]. PMID- 6625502 TI - [Digestive tract metastases of breast cancers]. PMID- 6625503 TI - [Venous thromboses caused by central catheters. Phlebographic study of 41 cases]. PMID- 6625505 TI - [Mobilization of the knee under anesthesia in traumatology]. PMID- 6625504 TI - [Thromboembolic complications following hip arthroplasty. Role of systematic heparin therapy (130 cases)]. PMID- 6625506 TI - [Closed injuries of the duodenum. Apropos of a series of 10 cases]. PMID- 6625507 TI - [Proximal vagotomy: importance of extensive denervation of the esophagus]. PMID- 6625509 TI - Surgical treatment of thyroid carcinoma. PMID- 6625508 TI - [Late complications of a cholecystotomy]. PMID- 6625510 TI - Results of surgical and medical treatment in primary hyperparathyroidism. AB - The success rate of surgical treatment in large series of p-HPT is about 95%. The usual reasons for failure are insufficient exploration of the neck and unrecognized multiple gland involvement. Such failures might be avoidable. Persistent HPT after an adequate neck dissection may be due to a diseased gland in the anterior mediastinum or within the parenchyma of the thyroid. There are also a few cases with true recurrent disease. If a reoperation is required localization studies can be helpful. The success rate in the present reoperative series was 94% showing that most patients with p-HPT can be cured by surgery. The rate of hypoparathyroidism after reoperative surgery can be minimized by autotransplantation of diseased parathyroid tissue. There are no current medical substitutes for the surgical management of p-HPT. PMID- 6625512 TI - Postoperative hypocalcemia - its relation to operative techniques. AB - The relationship between the type of operation for primary hyperparathyroidism and the incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia has not been completely elucidated. The pre- and postoperative serum calcium concentrations in 107 patients with this disease who were operated upon for the first time utilizing several different procedures were evaluated. Group 1. Prior to 1978, our aim was the excision of an adenoma, if present, and any other questionably enlarged parathyroid glands. All other appearing glands that could be found were biopsied. If parathyroid normal hyperplasia was present clinically, three and one-half glands were removed. Group 2. (1980 through 1981). A bilateral neck exploration was performed. If an adenoma was present, this was removed. However, only one or two other parathyroid glands were biopsied. The last normal appearing gland was intentionally left undisturbed. If hyperplasia was present, 2 glands were resected and remnants of two other glands were left in situ. Following their initial neck exploration, 52 of 57 (91%) Group 1 patients were cured. During the first 4 postoperative days, 48% had one or more serum calcium values of 7.9 mg/dl or lower (our criterion for significant postoperative hypocalcemia). None had permanent hypoparathyroidism, however. Their serum calcium concentrations fell to the same level whether one, two or three glands were excised. All 50 patients in Group 2 were cured by their initial neck exploration. Only 26% developed serum calcium values of 7.9 mg/dl or lower (p less than 0.05. when compared to Group 1). However, one patient who had the removal of a large substernal goiter and a parathyroid adenoma has manifested prolonged hypocalcemia. Our data demonstrate that by performing a more conservative operation, transient postoperative hypocalcemia can be lessened. Furthermore, it is quite suggestive that excessive parathyroid biopsy may be deleterious and should be avoided. PMID- 6625513 TI - Indications for adrenal surgery in Cushing's syndrome. PMID- 6625511 TI - Hyperparathyroidism in the old age. AB - In a well-defined geriatric population the prevalence of primary hyperparathyroidism was 1.5%. From a clinical material consisting of 400 patients treated surgically for primary hyperparathyroidism during a 10-year period 158 patients (38%) above the age of 64 were studied. Neuromuscular symptoms were present in 80%, renal insufficiency or kidney stones in each 16%, constipation and/or anorexia in 38%. 10% were considered clinically asymptomatic. In 80% the primary hyperparathyroidism was caused by a solitary adenoma. Normocalcaemia was achieved in 94%. Hypocalcaemia requiring vitamin D treatment occurred in 3%, and in 2% hypercalcaemia persisted or recurred. All of these had multiglandular parathyroid disease. The therapeutic effect of the surgical treatment was considered good or fair in most of the cases. No mortality occurred. Primary hyperparathyroidism occurs with a high prevalence in the elderly. It can be treated successfully by surgical therapy with a low cost of morbidity, mortality and medical care. PMID- 6625514 TI - Current therapy of pituitary Cushing's disease. AB - The current methods of treatment of Cushing's disease are reviewed. Therapeutic measures can be directed to all levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulating cortisol secretion. The excessive production of cortisol can be suppressed by adrenal surgery, adrenal blocking and adrenolytic agents. The modern trend, however, is to treat the cause of the disease by pituitary surgery, radiotherapy and neuropharmacological means. The most important progress has been made in the field of transsphenoidal microsurgery which has to great extent replaced the traditional bilateral adrenalectomy. PMID- 6625515 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of phaeochromocytoma. AB - Hypertension due to a phaeochromocytoma is a rare but curable disease. The yearly incidence of phaeochromocytoma is about 5 per million inhabitants. Diagnosis can be based on urinary catecholamines in most patients but plasma catecholamines are sometimes helpful. Localization of the tumour is usually obtained by computerised tomography. Invasive investigations and operation are not undertaken before alpha receptor blockade has been instituted. An extraperitoneal approach to the adrenals is preferred. More than 90% of patients are cured. PMID- 6625516 TI - Surgical treatment of primary aldosteronism. AB - An aldosterone-producing adenoma is the cause of primary aldosteronism in about 85%. Unilateral adrenalectomy cures the potassium wasting and normalizes the blood-pressure in more than 70%, independently of the severity or duration of the hypertension. The location of an aldosteronoma is best obtained by computerized tomography and selective venous catheterization with determination of the aldosterone/cortisol ratio. When the biochemical studies suggest hyperplasia, medical treatment is recommended. It is, however, our policy to remove an adrenal gland with hyperplasia, when catheterization demonstrates unilateral hyperfunction. At operation a posterior or a flank approach is preferably used. PMID- 6625517 TI - Cytological diagnosis of thyroid disease. AB - Fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology (ABC) is a morphological method, which may be used as an "office" procedure for all palpable lesions. Hyperplastic and inflammatory conditions of the thyroid and various types of neoplasms produce readily recognizable features in cytological smears. About 90% of all thyroid cancers may be diagnosed by aspiration cytology. The method bridges the diagnostic gap between initial palpatory examination and histological diagnosis and can greatly reduce the need for diagnostic surgery. The accuracy of the method has been shown to be superior to that of other non-invasive clinical methods. ABC enables the surgeon not only to better select patients with thyroid nodules who might benefit from surgery, but also to plan a definite operative strategy in papillar medullary and anaplastic cancer. In follicular neoplasms the method can not distinguish with certainty between adenoma and carcinoma. Fine needle aspiration requires no anesthesia. It has no complications and there is good patient acceptance and biopsies can therefore be repeated whenever needed. PMID- 6625518 TI - Centripetal rotation-advancement for bilateral cleft lip nasal deformities. AB - One of the most difficult sequelae of the cleft lip syndrome is the post operative nasal deformity. In this presentation we define that deformity according to its components, review the groups of procedures which are available for its correction and suggest a more aggressive approach with the use of additional skeletal support, emphasizing the adequate correction of the nasal tip to obtain more "thrust". A number of long term cases with illustrated follow-ups are shown. PMID- 6625519 TI - Radical muscle mobilisation in surgery for a unilateral cleft lip. AB - The embryological basis of a unilateral cleft lip is briefly outlined. The abnormal configuration of the orbicularis oris in a unilateral cleft lip is viewed on a model. The effect of freeing this muscle from its abnormal attachments and radically mobilising it, is theoretically discussed. The actual effects of such a mobilisation in clinical practice are shown. Post operative results of 16 unilateral cleft lips treated by radical muscle mobilisation are presented and discussed. The need for a longer follow up is recognised. PMID- 6625520 TI - Results of the Widmaier-Perko palatoplasty in clefts of secondary palate. AB - The Widmaier-Perko palatoplasty was evaluated in post alveolar clefts. The speech results of 42 Chinese patients revealed 78.5% as having acceptable speech. In post alveolar clefts of the soft palate only 80% had acceptable speech compared to 76% acceptable speech for clefts of the soft and hard palate. This compared favourably with other similar reported studies. No dental occlusal or growth disturbances were noted. There was significant middle ear disease in the patients examined. This type of palatoplasty does not disturb the palatine bone periosteum and may be helpful in preventing growth disturbances. PMID- 6625521 TI - Congenital cleft lip and palate in Singapore. AB - Cleft lip and palate is the most common congenital abnormality seen in the Department of Plastic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital. A total of 461 operative cases seen over a period of 5 years (1977 to 1981) is analysed. There is a relatively high incidence in the Singapore population of 2.0 per 1000 live births. In both cleft lip and cleft palate deformities, there is no significant difference in the sex distribution. The cleft patterns show that 78% of the cases are unilateral clefts, 53% are left sided, 25% are right sided and 22% of the cases are bilateral clefts. PMID- 6625522 TI - One stage repair of hypospadias. AB - The surgical repair of hypospadias has evolved from the multi-staged procedures of the previous decade to single stage urethroplasty. A number of techniques have been described and this report is a study of the experience in 44 cases using 4 different types of repair. All patients were Chinese and their ages ranged from 1 year to 23 years, with about half the cases below 5 years of age. The most commonly used method of repair was the transverse preputial flap technique of Duckett (25 out of 44 cases). The overall results indicate a fistula rate of 20%. The detail correlation of complications with age, type of hypospadias and type of repair illustrate the general principle that while age is not a significant factor, with the more severe types of hypospadias, the complication rate is definitely increased. PMID- 6625523 TI - Problems in toe-to-hand transfers. AB - The problems encountered by the author in 70 cases of toe-to-hand transfers are considered under three main headings: (1) operative problems (2) post-operative problems and (3) functional problems. The operative problem of preserving the integrity of the donor vessels is related to the varying patterns of vasculature of the foot. Bony fixation of the donor toe to the recipient site and the selection of veins of the right size and length are the other main operative problems. The post-operative problems are concerned with the problem of survival of the transplanted toe and these include venous congestion, diminished arterial blood flow due to thrombosis or spasm, bleeding and delayed healing, especially at the donor site. In thumb reconstructions, both motor and sensory functional recovery were good when reconstruction was done at the M-P joint level, but less satisfactory if done at a more proximal level. Similarly, the functional problem in finger reconstructions resembled those of thumb reconstruction. At the donor site, the main foot functions were maintained, though delayed healing and scarring may prove troublesome in a few cases. PMID- 6625524 TI - A new fascial flap for use in craniofacial surgery. AB - A galea fascial flap is described based on the superficial temporal and posterior auricular vessels. This has been used by the author in 14 cases of craniofacial abnormalities including 3 cases of Treacher Collins Syndrome. The galea flap can be used for soft tissue augmentation of the face and also for protection of bone grafts. The technique of raising the galea flap is described in detail and its use in cases of craniofacial defects are illustrated. PMID- 6625525 TI - Pattern of burn injuries in Thailand. AB - This paper presents a review of the current status of burn injuries in Thailand with respect to incidence, causes, mortality and identification of management problems. This study analyses the treatment of 1078 burns patients seen over a period of 13 years from 1968 to 1980 at Chulalongkorn Hospital, Bangkok, combined with information made available through personal communication with surgeons at major hospitals in the Bangkok Metropolitan area. It needs to be emphasized that this study does not represent the complete and correct status of burn injuries for the whole country. However, it will demonstrate some aspects of burns and its problems in Thailand. The medical facilities in the Bangkok Metropolitan hospitals serve a population of about 10 million from Bangkok and nearby cities and this figure represents one fifth of the total population of Thailand. PMID- 6625526 TI - Pressure garments in the prevention and treatment of keloids. AB - Hypertrophic scarring and keloids are frequent sequelae following trauma. Continuous and controlled pressure through the use of pressure garments can yield a high degree of non-surgical control of both hypertrophic scar formation and scar contracture resulting in soft, pliable scars with relief from itch and pain. This paper is a study of 280 patients, carried out in the Department of Plastic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, over a period of 3 years. Not only are the results highly encouraging but the garments themselves are readily and simply constructed from locally available materials, using basic sewing skills. PMID- 6625527 TI - Management of severe maxillo-facial injuries. AB - Maxillo-facial injuries have increased in incidence in Singapore due mainly to road traffic accidents. Approximately 450 cases are seen annually in the Singapore General Hospital. A review of 50 consecutive cases of severe maxillo facial injuries seen in the Department of Plastic Surgery showed that the majority were Lefort II type fractures (64%) followed by Lefort I fractures (14%) and Lefort III fractures (8%). There were seven cases which had a combination of multiple facial fractures. The significant associated injuries occurred in the limbs (32%), the head (30%) and in the chest (8%). The emergency management of maxillo-facial trauma is discussed in some detail and some of the problems in the treatment of severe or multiple facial fractures are also highlighted in this paper. PMID- 6625528 TI - Mastopexy and breast reduction in Asians. AB - The author describes a method of correcting the ptotic breast in Asians which was first popularised by Dufourmental and Mouly in 1968. This mastopexy by the lateral approach leaves an acceptable scar in the lateral quadrant of the breast. The technique is simple and gives rise to satisfactory results. The author has also employed the same procedure for reduction of moderat breast hypertrophy with or without ptosis. PMID- 6625529 TI - Hematologic findings in Southeast Asian immigrants with particular reference to hemoglobin E. AB - Recent immigrants from Southeast Asia were screened for hematologic abnormalities using a multichannel cell counter (Coulter S), peripheral smear, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP), isoelectric focusing, and a qualitative screen for glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Hematologic abnormalities were further defined by hemoglobin electrophoresis, globin electrophoresis, HbA2 levels, and HbF levels. Of the 189 adults studied, 68 (36 percent) were hematologically abnormal, including 28 hemoglobin E (HbE) heterozygotes, six HbE homozygotes, 14 with alpha-thalassemia minor, and 10 with presumptive iron deficiency. Of the 54 people with microcytic (MCV less than 80fl) red blood cells (RBC), 52 had evidence of HbE or thalassemia and two had iron deficiency alone; five had both iron deficiency and a hemoglobinopathy. Homozygosity for HbE results in an asymptomatic condition similar to thalassemia minor with microcytic RBC, large numbers of target cells, normal or slightly reduced hematocrit and greater than 90 percent HbE. People heterozygous for HbE are asymptomatic and have hematologic findings similar to thalassemia minor with slightly reduced or low normal MCV and 25 to 35 percent HbE. PMID- 6625530 TI - Stability of cryopreserved and stored peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - The determination of the T and B subpopulation percentages and lymphocyte blastogenic response functions are useful tools to evaluate and monitor disorders associated with immunodeficiencies, lymphoproliferations, malignancies, infections, inflammations, and autoimmune diseases. Comparative studies of cryopreserved lymphocytes frozen at - 190 degrees C over a period of one year obtained by lymphocytapheresis of normal donors and fresh lymphocytes found no significant changes of lymphocyte subpopulations or blastogenic response functions. These cryopreserved lymphocytes can therefore be used as a reproducible quality control reagent. Comparisons of the stability of T and B populations of fresh, one, two, three, four, and five day old culture medium (RPMI 1640) stored separated peripheral blood lymphocytes and culture medium (RPMI 1640) stored one, two, three, four, and five day old whole peripheral blood revealed that culture medium prolonged the viability to approximately three days. It seems feasible for smaller clinics and hospitals that lack the facilities to run tests on lymphocytes to mix their heparinized blood with culture medium and then transport it to laboratories where the tests can be performed. PMID- 6625531 TI - Specific IgE antibodies to Leishmania braziliensis in patients with mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. AB - A total of 116 sera of patients suffering from South American mucocutaneous leishmaniasis were analysed using the RAST (L. braziliensis-specific) and RIST techniques. Results of total and specific IgE levels were correlated with different clinical stages of the disease. The level of total and specific IgE appeared to be higher among patients with cutaneous ulcers than among those presenting mucocutaneous lesions, i.e. espundia. Furthermore, non-treated patients presented higher concentrations of total and specific IgE than did treated ones. PMID- 6625532 TI - Idiotypic/antiidiotypic interactions in systemic lupus erythematosus: demonstration of oscillating levels of anti-DNA autoantibodies and reciprocal antiidiotypic activity in a single patient. AB - This work was designed to investigate the occurrence and evolution of autoantiidiotypic antibodies to double-stranded DNA in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Serum samples from a patient with SLE who was submitted to repeated therapeutic plasmapheresis for 57 weeks were examined for the presence of autoantiidiotypic antibodies to DNA. Anti-DNA antibodies were affinity purified from a serum sample obtained at the beginning of the observation period. Anti-anti-DNA activity, directed toward structures within the binding site of anti-DNA autoantibodies but not antibodies of another specificity, was detected in the serum of the patient. In addition, the decrease in the levels of anti-DNA antibodies took place concomitantly with a reciprocal increase in the autologous anti-idiotype. These results indicate that anti-DNA and anti-anti-DNA antibodies coexist in the serum of this patient, and suggest that antiidiotypic interactions may play a role in the modulation of idiotypic expression in SLE. PMID- 6625533 TI - [Polyacrylamide-induced subcutaneous inflammation in mice]. AB - The subcutaneous injection of polyacrylamide beads into mice induced an inflammation which allowed counting and characterization of inflammatory cells and substances contained within the granuloma. The cellular and protein content of the inflamed site was followed up for seven days. One day after injection of the beads, a large concentration of macrophages was found with a low content of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. No lymphocytes were observed. The increased protein concentration of the inflammatory exudate was accompanied by the appearance in the plasma of a protein with a pHi of 4.1 +/- 0.2. This protein, absent in normal plasma, was found 6 h after induction of the inflammatory reaction, with its concentration increasing up to the 4th day. PMID- 6625534 TI - Brainstem glioma: clinical manifestations of meningeal gliomatosis. AB - Brainstem gliomas of children are variably malignant tumors that rarely have been reported to produce subarachnoid dissemination. Nevertheless, during a two-year period, 5 of 15 such patients treated by us developed symptoms of leptomeningeal metastases. The diagnosis of an anaplastic astrocytoma with meningeal gliomatosis was confirmed postmortem in all 5. In 3 children, meningeal symptoms preceded other signs of posterior fossa recurrence. Symptoms of meningeal gliomatosis included local or radiating back pain (5 patients), segmental weakness (3), paresthesia (2), and incontinence (2). Myelography, performed in 4 patients, was the most useful diagnostic technique, disclosing multiple intradural filling defects or a high degree of block in 3 patients. Although the cerebrospinal fluid was abnormal in all 4 examined patients, in only 1 were malignant cells detected. Prolonged survival, which appears to predispose to dissemination of adult malignant gliomas, was not an apparent factor in our patients. PMID- 6625535 TI - Multiple malignant astrocytomas in a patient with spontaneous progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. AB - A 67-year-old man with a four-year history of horizontal and vertical nystagmus and progressive cerebellar dysfunction later developed profound dementia and died of bronchopneumonia. Neuropathological examination revealed numerous active and inactive progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) lesions in the cerebrum and cerebellum. Active lesions showed marked perivascular lymphocytic cuffing. Papovaviruses were identified ultrastructurally in both oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. Multiple malignant astrocytomas were documented, originating from PML lesions. No viruses could be demonstrated in neoplastic astrocytes. An immune deficient state was not revealed clinically or at postmortem examination. PMID- 6625536 TI - Regional blood flow in ethylnitrosourea-induced brain tumors. AB - Regional blood flow was measured in experimental brain tumors using iodoantipyrine labeled with carbon 14 and quantitative autoradiography. A total of fifteen oligodendrogliomas, sixteen mixed gliomas, one astrocytoma, one ependymoma, and three malignant schwannomas were studied in 9 rats. The mean tumor blood flows for all glioma classifications were similar, averaging 45 +/- 3 (standard error of the mean) ml . hg-1 . min-1. Flow was fairly uniform within individual oligodendrogliomas and there was no apparent correlation between blood flow and tumor size or location. The mixed gliomas were larger than the oligodendrogliomas and had a wider range of blood flow. Small focal areas of necrosis were observed in 7 mixed gliomas, and low flows were usually measured in these regions; these flows were not always the lowest regional values measured within the mixed gliomas or total group of tumors, however. Small tumor regions with increased vascularity, frequently with endothelial cell proliferation, were observed in oligodendrogliomas and to a greater extent in mixed gliomas; these regions were correlated with small elevations in blood flow (10 to 15 ml . hg-1 . min-1) in comparison with surrounding tumor tissue. Brain adjacent to tumor usually had higher blood flows than that in tumor periphery. Hemispheric differences in blood flow related to the site of primary tumor growth were not observed. PMID- 6625537 TI - Regional blood-to-tissue transport in ethylnitrosourea-induced brain tumors. AB - Regional blood-to-tissue transport, expressed as a unidirectional transfer rate constant (K), was measured in experimental brain tumors using alpha aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) labeled with carbon 14 and quantitative autoradiography. A total of sixteen oligodendrogliomas, four mixed gliomas, three astrocytomas, two diffuse gliomatosis, one anaplastic astrocytoma, one ependymoma and four malignant schwannomas were studied in 9 rats. The mean Ks for all glioma classifications were similar, averaging 2.6 +/- 0.4 (standard error of the mean) ml . kg-1 . min-1, and were only slightly higher than those for nontumorous parietal cortex (2.1 ml . kg-1 . min-1), corpus callosum (0.9 ml . kg-1 . min-1), and a comparable region of brain tissue in the contralateral hemisphere (1.3 ml . kg-1 . min-1). Values of K varied minimally in the intracerebral gliomas and were marginally correlated with tumor cell morphology in only two tumors. In some (but not all) of the larger gliomas, increased vascularity, with or without endothelial proliferation, was associated with a 3- to 15-fold increase in K. Regional K values in malignant schwannomas were highly variable (4 to 207 ml . kg 1 . min-1) and generally were not correlated with specific histological features of the tumor, except in some regions with increased vascularity. Estimates of the average fractional extraction of AIB by the intracranial gliomas and malignant schwannomas were 0.01 and 0.2, respectively; average fractional extractions for nontumorous brain were approximately 0.003. PMID- 6625538 TI - Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker's disease. AB - Findings are reported in three members of a Japanese family with a chronic familial disease characterized by signs of marked cerebellar dysfunction, mild pyramidal and extrapyramidal dysfunction, and loss or decrease of the knee and ankle jerks. Although the clinical features suggested olivopontocerebellar atrophy, postmortem study of one patient with obvious dementia revealed massive multiform plaques of Kuru type as well as multicentric, senile, and primitive types throughout the central nervous system, most prominent in the cerebellar and cerebral cortices and caudate nucleus. There was degeneration of the spinocerebellar and pyramidal tracts, posterior columns, superior cerebellar peduncles, cerebellar cortex, dentate nucleus, and vestibular nuclei as well as gliosis of the inferior colliculus and cerebellar foliar white matter. There were no cerebral spongiform changes, although slight spongy alteration without glial reaction was present. The clinical and neuropathological characteristics were consistent with those reported as Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker's disease in an Austrian family. PMID- 6625539 TI - Congenic autoimmune murine models of central nervous system disease in connective tissue disorders. AB - Congenic mice of the MRL/Mp strain spontaneously develop an autoimmune connective tissue disease that shares immunological and histopathological features with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjogren's syndrome. The autoimmune disorder in these mice is accelerated markedly by the recessive gene lpr. By 6 months of age, MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice developed prominent mononuclear cell infiltrates restricted to the choroid plexus and meninges, whereas congeneric MRL/Mp- +/+ mice (which lack the lpr gene) showed delayed but widespread inflammatory infiltrates involving cerebral vessels and meninges, with sparing of the choroid plexus. These distinctive patterns of cerebral inflammation, which are comparable in many respects to those seen in human connective tissue disease, provide some of the first animal models of relevant central nervous system histopathological processes associated with underlying connective tissue disease. PMID- 6625540 TI - Limitations of ultrasound in detecting cerebral ischemic lesions in the neonate. AB - Ultrasound scans of three newborn infants with cerebral ischemic lesions demonstrated on computed tomographic scan showed unexpected changes in echogenicity of brain parenchyma in addition to lateralized mass effect. Areas of increased echogenicity were present adjacent to regions of infarction identified on computed tomographic scan. The findings suggest that caution should be exercised in the interpretation of echo-dense areas in unusual locations for hemorrhage in infants at risk for cerebral ischemic lesions. PMID- 6625541 TI - Intravenous lisuride infusion for Parkinson's disease. PMID- 6625542 TI - Progression of carotid disease after endarterectomy. PMID- 6625543 TI - [Sporulation in Bacillus licheniformis during altered bacitracin synthesis]. AB - Sporulation in different strains of Bacillus licheniformis, 10716 and 1001 in connection with changes in synthesis of bacitracin was studied. It was shown that the sporulation efficiency did not depend on the synthesis of the antibiotic: in some strains with low potency for the antibiotic production, the sporulation level was lowered, while in the others, it was not lowered. Moreover, normal sporulation was also observed, when the synthesis of bacitracin was inhibited. Therefore, it is suggested that there is no correlation between the sporulation and antibiotic production. PMID- 6625544 TI - [Oxidative destruction of the heptaene antibiotic levorin]. AB - Levorin destruction in oxygen, argon or air at various temperature levels was studied. It was found that destruction of the antibiotic molecule was mainly due to its interaction with oxygen. As a result the heptaenic chromophore was oxidized and triene and tetraene formed. Oxidation of levorin was accompanied by splitting out of paraaminoacetophenone. Destruction of levorin in the absence of oxygen was retarded. PMID- 6625545 TI - [Dimethyl sulfoxide extraction of nystatin from mycelium]. AB - Solubility of nystatin in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and its water solutions was studied. It was found that the capacity of DMSO with respect to nystatin was at least 40 times higher than that of the known extracting agents. DMSO is recommended for extraction of nystatin from dry mycelium. The optimal conditions for extraction of nystatin and its recovery from the extract phases were determined. Nystatin isolated with this method meets the specification requirements. PMID- 6625547 TI - [Stability of rifamycin B in aqueous solutions]. AB - Stability of rifamycin B in aqueous solutions at various values of pH and temperature was studied. It was shown that inactivation of the antibiotic in neutral and alkaline solutions proceeded according to the first order equation. In acid solutions rifamycin B was oxidized with air oxygen to form rifamycin O. PMID- 6625546 TI - [Effect of prodigiozan, levamisole and methyluracil on delayed hypersensitivity against a background of immunosuppressor use]. AB - Immunostimulants, such as prodigiosan, levamisol and methyluracil, as well as their combinations with imuran, prednisolone or cyclophosphamide were studied for their effect on the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) induced by dinitrofluorobenzene alcohol solutions applied in challenge doses to the floor of the auricle of mice. It was shown that the immunostimulants did not affect the DTH in intact mice. In mice treated with imuran the DTH was significantly increased only by prodigiosan. Prednisolone used for a prolonged period before and after the sensitization and cyclophosphamide administered 24 hours before the sensitization increased the DTH. According to the literature data it was connected with T-suppressor inhibition. With the use of cyclophosphamide it was also connected with B-suppressor inhibition. Under such conditions the DTH was decreased to the control level by prodigiosan after the use of prednisolone or by levamisol after the use of cyclophosphamide. This was probably associated with increasing of the suppressor effect of the macrophages and activation of the T suppressor effect by levamisol. Methyluracil had no effect on the DTH. PMID- 6625548 TI - [Standardization of the index of biological activity of the multi-component antibiotic neomycin]. AB - The characteristic features of determination of the biological activity of neomycin and its separate components A, B and C were studied. Different sensitivity of 5 test microbes to neomycins A, B and C was observed. Bac. subtilis ATCC 6633 and Bac. cereus, var. myc. 537 were the most sensitive to neomycin A. Sar. lutea were not sensitive to neomycins A and C. The diffusion capacity of neomycin A was shown to be different from that of neomycins B and C. Even minute admixtures of neomycin A in the preparations of neomycin significantly changes the dose-response curves and affected the results of the biological activity determination. PMID- 6625549 TI - [Effect of biologically active compounds of divalent platinum on the properties of the liquid crystal "microphase" of DNA]. AB - The optical properties of the "microphases" modeling the state of the DNA molecule in the cell and formed of both the low molecular DNA and the DNA complexes with cis- and trans-isomers of dichlorodiamine platininum (II) were studied. It was shown that the intensive band characteristic of the circular dichroism spectrum of the initial DNA "microphase" was decreasing with binding of DNA to cis-Pt (II) or trans-Pt (II). The effect of cis-Pt (II) on the "microphase" optical properties was more significant than that of trans-Pt (II). The effect correlated with the biological activity of the cis- and trans compounds of platinum. Possible causes of the decrease in the optical activity of the DNA "microphase" are discussed. PMID- 6625550 TI - [Use of antibiotics for the prevention of postoperative suppurative complications in planned surgery]. AB - Two methods for antibiotic prophylaxis in scheduled surgical treatment were studied comparatively. In the main group antibiotic prophylaxis with respect to 621 operations was started simultaneously with premedication, the duration of the course being defined by the operation type. With respect to 252 pure operations antibiotics were not used in 69.8 per cent of the cases or used for 2-3 days in 27.8 per cent of the cases. With respect to 253 conditionally pure operations shorter courses of antibiotic prophylaxis, i.e. for 2-3 days were used in 50.2 per cent of the cases. In the control group the antibiotics were used after operations in mean therapeutic doses, the duration of the course being defined by the clinical findings. The number of purulent complications in the main group decreased, while the amounts of the antibiotics used were much lower. PMID- 6625551 TI - Bactericidal activities of new beta-lactam antibiotics against Bacteroides fragilis. AB - The bactericidal activities of cefoxitin, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, moxalactam, mezlocillin, and piperacillin were determined in duplicate against low and high inocula of each of 10 Bacteroides fragilis strains. Antibiotic concentrations resulting in 99.9% killing were established by quantitation of the inocula just before anaerobic incubation of tests and by subcultures of volumes sufficient to accurately determine less than or equal to 0.1% survivors. Inoculum effects on inhibitory and bactericidal activities were least for cefoxitin and greatest for cefoperazone and cefotaxime. Bactericidal-to-inhibitory concentration ratios of greater than or equal to 8 occurred most frequently with mezlocillin and piperacillin, regardless of inoculum size; however, 55% of the strains tested at the low inoculum size and 38% of those tested at the high inoculum size against the six antibiotics had bactericidal-to-inhibitory concentration ratios of greater than or equal to 4. PMID- 6625552 TI - Minimal inhibitory concentrations of lucknomycin, a new polyenic derivative, for Candida and Aspergillus spp. AB - The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of lucknomycin, a new polyenic derivative, were determined for 101 clinical isolates of Candida, 38 clinical or environmental strains of Aspergillus fumigatus, and 30 isolates of A. niger. The most susceptible species were Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis (mean MIC, 0.4 micrograms/ml). Aspergillus spp. were less susceptible, with mean MICs of 0.60 micrograms/ml for Aspergillus niger and 9.2 micrograms/ml for Aspergillus fumigatus. PMID- 6625553 TI - Moxalactam concentrations in human prostatic tissue. AB - The concentrations of moxalactam in human prostatic tissue, obtained by enucleation or transurethral resection, were measured in 10 patients after the intramuscular administration of two 500-mg doses. The average concentrations of moxalactam in prostatic tissue in the enucleated and transurethral resection specimens were 4.0 micrograms/g and 5.2 micrograms/ml, and the ratios of the moxalactam concentrations in prostate to those in plasma were 0.24 and 0.31, respectively. The concentrations of moxalactam achieved in prostatic tissue after the administration of relatively low doses were greater than the minimum inhibitory concentrations of moxalactam for most common gram-negative pathogens. Concentrations of moxalactam in carefully obtained transurethral resection specimens were similar to those found in the enucleated specimens. PMID- 6625554 TI - In vitro evaluation of Augmentin by broth microdilution and disk diffusion susceptibility testing: regression analysis, tentative interpretive criteria, and quality control limits. AB - Augmentin (Beecham Laboratories, Bristol, Tenn.), a combination drug consisting of two parts amoxicillin to one part clavulanic acid and a potent beta-lactamase inhibitor, was evaluated in vitro in comparison with ampicillin or amoxicillin or both for its inhibitory and bactericidal activities against selected clinical isolates. Regression analysis was performed and tentative disk diffusion susceptibility breakpoints were determined. A multicenter performance study of the disk diffusion test was conducted with three quality control organisms to determine tentative quality control limits. All methicillin-susceptible staphylococci and Haemophilus influenzae isolates were susceptible to Augmentin, although the minimal inhibitory concentrations for beta-lactamase-producing strains of both groups were, on the average, fourfold higher than those for enzyme-negative strains. Among the Enterobacteriaceae, Augmentin exhibited significantly greater activity than did ampicillin against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter diversus, Proteus vulgaris, and about one-third of the Escherichia coli strains tested. Bactericidal activity usually occurred at the minimal inhibitory concentration. There was a slight inoculum concentration effect on the Augmentin minimal inhibitory concentrations. On the basis of regression and error rate-bounded analyses, the suggested interpretive disk diffusion susceptibility breakpoints for Augmentin are: susceptible, greater than or equal to 18 mm; resistant, less than or equal to 13 mm (gram-negative bacilli); and susceptible, greater than or equal to 20 mm (staphylococci and H. influenzae). The use of a beta-lactamase-producing organism, such as E. coli Beecham 1532, is recommended for quality assurance of Augmentin susceptibility testing. PMID- 6625556 TI - Metabolic fate of [14C]SM-1652, a new antipseudomonal cephalosporin, after parenteral administration to rats. AB - A study of the metabolic fate of [14C]SM-1652 after intravenous or intramuscular injection into rats showed that: (i) the elimination of the labeled compound from the blood was the same after intravenous and intramuscular injections; (ii) the radiolabeled drug was distributed rapidly and widely after intravenous administration with the highest concentration in the kidney and the lowest in the brain; (iii) placental transmission was slight, as it was passed into the milk, where the concentration was about 14% that of plasma; (iv) 33 and 67% of the administered radioactivity was excreted in urine and feces, respectively; (v) radioactivity in both urine and bile was ascribable to unaltered SM-1652; and (vi) upon repeated intramuscular injections twice daily, levels of labeled SM 1652 in tissue increased gradually, reaching a plateau at the 11th injection. PMID- 6625555 TI - Peritoneal absorption of moxalactam. AB - We evaluated the rate and extent of the systemic absorption of moxalactam given intraperitoneally to patients with peritonitis and end-stage renal disease who were being maintained on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Moxalactam was administered at a concentration of 200 mg per 2-liter dialysate for the first dose, followed by 60 mg per 2-liter exchange for 23 1-h exchanges. Moxalactam concentrations in serum (mean +/- standard deviation) were 2.5 +/- 0.9 mg/liter after the first hourly dialysis, increasing to 10.3 +/- 4.8 mg/liter after 24 h of drug administration. Moxalactam levels in serum at 1 h were above the minimal inhibitory concentrations for most gram-negative organisms except Pseudomonas aeruginosa. No adverse effects of the drug were observed. PMID- 6625557 TI - Self-transmissible plasmids in staphylococci that encode resistance to aminoglycosides. AB - High-level resistance to gentamicin, tobramycin, and kanamycin was transferred between staphylococci of the same and different species by filter mating. Resistance and transfer proficiency were mediated by plasmids ranging from 38 to 54 kilobases in size. All of the plasmids encoded intermediate resistance to amikacin and netilmicin and resistance to ethidium bromide; some encoded beta lactamase production. None of these plasmids carried resistance to other antibiotics or heavy metals. Transfer of antibiotic resistance occurred by a mechanism similar to that of conjugation, because it was DNase resistant, required cell-to-cell contact, and did not appear to involve phage. The participation of phage in transfer appeared to be unlikely because mijtomicin C induced lysates of donor isolates did not mediate transfer, filter mating transfer proceeded at high frequency between nonlysogenic donor and recipient cells, and transfer of the aminoglycoside resistance plasmid mobilized the transfer of as many as five additional plasmids. All 17 gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and all 6 Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates obtained from an outbreak of staphylococcal infections in a newborn nursery contained conjugative plasmids, as did all 6 gentamicin-resistant S. aureus isolates from bacteremic adults. However, only 3 of 10 gentamicin-resistant S. epidermidis isolates from colonized cardiac surgery patients and 1 of 2 S. epidermidis isolates from patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis transferred gentamicin resistance by filter mating. The recent increase in nosocomial infections caused by gentamicin-resistant staphylococci may be partially explained by the evolution of self-transmissible plasmids in these isolates. PMID- 6625558 TI - Comparative metabolism of chloramphenicol in germfree and conventional rats. AB - The action of gut microflora on the metabolism of chloramphenicol (CP) was studied in germfree (GF) and conventional (CV) rats after administration of single oral doses of tritiated CP. There were similarities in the metabolic pathways of CP in the GF and CV animals, i.e., rapid absorption, hepatic glucuroconjugation, and biliary excretion of the CP conjugate. CP, CP-oxamic acid, CP-alcohol, and CP-base were present in similar proportions in the urine of both GF and CV rats. Differences observed included the slow elimination of total radioactivity and a reduced proportion of the urinary excretion versus the fecal excretion in the GF Reduction products which were present in much greater quantities in the urine and feces of CV rats are compatible with the generally described hydrolysis of the CP-glucuronide, followed by a nitroreduction of the CP by the gut microflora and the reabsorption of a part of the products formed. In GF rats, CP-glucuronide was the major fecal metabolite, a portion of it having been reabsorbed and excreted in the urine. Although in lesser amounts, reduction products were still present as urinary metabolites in GF rats. Such a reduction in the tissues might produce active intermediate that could be related to CP toxicity. PMID- 6625560 TI - Inhibitory effect of Distamycin-A and a pyrazino-pyrazine derivative on tomato spotted wilt virus. AB - Distamycin-A hydrochloride, a synthetic antibiotic, and 2,3-dihydroxy-6-bromo pyrazino (2,3-beta) pyrazine derivative, were used against tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in tobacco plants. The drugs were applied to the leaves at concentrations of 200 and 400 mg/l. The results showed that both drugs delayed virus spread within the plant, retarding the appearance of systemic symptoms. A virus recovery test, carried out on primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Manteiga, showed that TSWV replication was markedly inhibited by the pyrazino pyrazine derivative at concentrations of 200 and 400 mg/l and, to a lower extent, by Dystamycin-A at 400 mg/l. PMID- 6625559 TI - Therapeutic activities of 1-(2-fluoro-2-deoxy-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5 iodocytosine and -thymine alone and in combination with acyclovir and vidarabine in mice infected intracerebrally with herpes simplex virus. AB - The therapeutic effectiveness of two new antiviral agents, 1-(2-fluoro-2-deoxy beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine and 1-(2-fluoro-2-deoxy-beta-D arabinofuranosyl)thymine, was compared with that of acyclovir and vidarabine. In mice inoculated intracerebrally with high 50% lethal doses of herpes simplex virus type 2, nontoxic intraperitoneal or oral treatments with the two new fluorinated antiviral agents were highly effective in reducing mortality. The two drugs were also effective when treatment was begun as late as 48 h after virus inoculation. The relative order of potencies of the drugs when compared on a molar basis or in terms of therapeutic index was 1-(2-fluoro-2-deoxy-beta-D arabinofuranosyl)thymine much greater than 1-(2-fluoro-2-deoxy-beta-D arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine greater than vidarabine approximately to acyclovir. The new pyrimidine analogs were also found to lack immunosuppressive activity in mice. The combination of 1-(2-fluoro-2-deoxy-beta-=D arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine and vidarabine was the most effective; significantly greater reduction in mortality was achieved with this combination than with either drug alone. Thirty minutes after intraperitoneal treatment with the fluorinated analogs, the drugs (or their metabolites) were transported to the brains of virus-inoculated and normal mice at levels about one-third to two thirds those in the blood. The levels of 1-(2-fluoro-2-deoxy-beta-D arabinofuranosyl)thymine in the blood or brain were consistently higher than those found with equivalent intraperitoneal doses of the 5-iodocytosine analog. PMID- 6625561 TI - In vitro antiviral effect of 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl) guanine on the fish herpesvirus, Oncorhynchus masou virus (OMV). AB - The antiviral activity of 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl) guanine (Acyclovir, ACV) on the salmon herpesvirus, Oncorhynchus masou virus (OMV), was studied in vitro. ACV showed high efficacy against the fish herpesvirus OMV, Herpesvirus salmonis and channel catfish virus (CCV). Cytopathic effect (CPE) induced by 100 TCID50/ml of OMV in rainbow trout gonad (RTG-2) cells was inhibited by 2.5 micrograms/ml of ACV. ACV was more effective than other compounds such as 9-beta-D arabinofuranosyladenine (Ara-A), 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IUdR) and phosphonoacetate (PA). Growth of RTG-2 cells was considerably inhibited by ACV at 25 microgram/ml, but no morphological changes were observed in the cells. Replication of OMV in RTG-2 cells inoculated with 100 TCID50/ml was completely suppressed by 2.5 microgram/ml of ACV. Addition of ACV within 4 days post infection was effective in reducing OMV replication. In order to be effective, ACV had to be present continuously. PMID- 6625562 TI - Protein and carbohydrate self-selection: modification of the effects of fenfluramine and amphetamine by age and feeding regimen. AB - Age and daily restricted feeding are two frequently manipulated procedural variables that have been shown to alter dietary self-selection of protein and carbohydrate in rats. This study examined whether age and restricted feeding could further interact with drugs such as fenfluramine and amphetamine that are used to manipulate dietary self-selection. At the time of peak blood levels, fenfluramine spared relative intake of protein (as reflected in an increase in %P E ratio of protein to total energy consumed). This effect, however, was significant at only some doses of fenfluramine and in some groups. At the times of peak blood levels of amphetamine, sparing of protein intake was never observed. In contrast, amphetamine tended to suppress protein intake (decrease in %P-E). This effect was dose-related (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg) in the adult, free feeding rats, but not apparent in food-restricted rats. Consequently the effect of drugs on the self-selection of protein and carbohydrate diets is influenced by both age and feeding regimen. These results have implications for proposed neurochemical and hormonal hypotheses of protein and carbohydrate regulation as well as the design and interpretation of self-selection experiments. PMID- 6625563 TI - "De-satiation": the reinstatement of feeding in glucose-satiated rats. AB - In rats "satiated" for glucose in solution, feeding can be reinstated by presentation of the same commodity (glucose) in powdered form. The effect is not reciprocal, so it is not a response to change or variety per se; and it does not reflect a greater palatability of the powder, which is rejected in favor of the solution in choice tests. Sucrose powder leads to an even larger "second meal" than glucose powder, showing that intake in the solution-sated rat remains sensitive to the stimulus properties of the diet. We conclude that the postingestive conditions necessary for satiety must be set by the stimulus properties of the diet--including, but not limited to, the properties that specify a diet's nutrient composition. PMID- 6625564 TI - Another look at the control of behaviour by internal and external factors. AB - Toates (1981) claims that internal and external factors interact in the control of behaviour. This leads him to criticise the framework developed by McFarland and Sibly (1975) on the grounds that they assume that causal factors are independent. This paper argues that "independence" as used by McFarland and Sibly does not preclude the possibility of interactions as envisaged by Toates. It is then argued that it may be possible to represent the apparent examples of interactions by non-interacting causal factors. PMID- 6625565 TI - Acquired preferences for piquant foods by chimpanzees. AB - Humans frequently develop likings for innately unpalatable substances, while this occurs very rarely in non-humans. In this study, we establish a preference for crackers seasoned with chili pepper in two domesticated chimpanzees. Chimps were offered a series of increasingly piquant crackers by their caretaker, and gradually came to prefer these crackers to unseasoned crackers. The preferences were stable over months, and generalized to a different piquant cracker. Available evidence suggests that these are acquired likes rather than preferences maintained because of positive consequences that follow ingestion. We note that all existing instances of acquired likings for innately aversive foods in animals (including some informal results from dogs presented in this paper) involve animals with a close personal relationship with humans, suggesting an important role for social-affective factors in the reversal of innate aversions. PMID- 6625566 TI - Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis to adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. AB - Adult female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were killed by the parasporal crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (ONR-60A) when the crystals were introduced into the insect midgut as an enema. The 50% lethal dose for intact parasporal crystals was 0.21 microgram/mg of mosquito (wet weight), and for solubilized crystals the 50% lethal dose was 0.04 microgram/mg. These values were compared with 50% lethal concentrations in a free-feeding larval mosquito bioassay of 0.018 and 1.28 microgram/ml for intact and solubilized crystals, respectively. Preparations from B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki were ineffective against both adult and larval mosquitoes. An adult mosquito bioassay is suggested as a direct means of screening potential mosquito control agents. PMID- 6625567 TI - Microbial growth associated with granular activated carbon in a pilot water treatment facility. AB - The microbial dynamics associated with granular activated carbon (GAC) in a pilot water treatment plant were investigated over a period of 16 months. Microbial populations were monitored in the influent and effluent waters and on the GAC particles by means of total plate counts and ATP assays. Microbial populations between the influent and effluent waters of the GAC columns generally increased, indicating microbial growth. The dominant genera of microorganisms isolated from interstitial waters and GAC particles were Achromobacter, Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Alcaligenes, Bacillus, Chromobacterium, Corynebacterium, Micrococcus, Microcyclus, Paracoccus, and Pseudomonas. Coliform bacteria were found in small numbers in the effluents from some of the GAC columns in the later months of the study. Oxidation of influent waters with ozone and maintenance of aerobic conditions on the GAC columns failed to appreciably enhance the microbial growth on GAC. PMID- 6625568 TI - Comparison of media for isolation of poultry intestinal bacteria. AB - The effects of medium composition, incubation temperature, and length of incubation were determined for recovery of the predominant intestinal bacteria from turkey poults. Incubation of recovery media at 41 degrees C resulted in significantly higher counts than at 37 degrees C. In 2- and 3-week-old turkey poults. RGCAP-30, RGCAP-10, and RGCA-30 gave the highest recoveries of cecal bacteria. M98-5 was less effective and brain heart infusion agar was definitely inadequate. However, there was no significant difference between RGCAP-30 and brain heart infusion agar for recovery of duodenal bacteria. In older birds (6 weeks of age), M98-5 was equal or superior to the RGCA-based media. The choice of a primary isolation medium is thus dependent on the site to be sampled and the age of the bird. PMID- 6625569 TI - Broth medium for enrichment of Vibrio fluvialis from the environment. AB - A medium was designed for the enrichment and enumeration of Vibrio fluvialis from environmental samples. The medium contains 1% peptone plus 4% sodium chloride and 5 micrograms of novobiocin per ml, pH 8.5. This V. fluvialis enrichment medium (FEM) was tested, in comparison with alkaline peptone (AP), in field samplings. A total of 177 samples (estuarine waters and sediment, sewage, and crabs) collected over a 14-month period were examined with FEM and with AP broth. Results showed that FEM was more effective than AP in detecting V. fluvialis, particularly from water and sewage samples with low salinities (less than 6%). The best recovery of V. fluvialis occurred when both enrichment media were used simultaneously. PMID- 6625570 TI - Isolation of Campylobacter jejuni from raw milk. AB - Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from raw milk by a method that can routinely detect less than or equal to 1 organism per ml. This procedure was used in a survey of 195 separate farms and showed a 1.5% incidence of C. jejuni in milk from bulk tanks. PMID- 6625571 TI - Fungus invasion of legs of the tanner crab, Chionoecetes bairdi. AB - Histological examination of tissues from the legs of tanner crabs, Chionoecetes bairdi, infected with black mat fungus, Trichomaris invadens, showed that hyphae penetrated the cuticle of the crab, extensively invaded the epidermis, and extended into the muscle tissue. PMID- 6625572 TI - Prevention of Staphylococcus aureus lysis. AB - Staphylococcus aureus S-6 cells grown in chemically defined media often lysed after exponential growth. Lysis could be prevented by the addition of alanine or proline before the culture reached stationary phase. PMID- 6625573 TI - Nasal airway patency measurement in the assessment of rhinitis therapy. PMID- 6625574 TI - The diagnosis of infectious allergy by neutrophile reaction. The neutrophile damage index test. PMID- 6625575 TI - Regulatory control and standardization of allergenic extracts. Immunochemical methods for source materials. PMID- 6625576 TI - Stability of allergenic extracts. PMID- 6625577 TI - Regulatory control and standardization of allergenic extracts. The value of single result potency estimations in stability assessments. PMID- 6625578 TI - Regulatory control and standardization of allergenic extracts. Consequences of the introduction of arbitrary units. PMID- 6625579 TI - Toxicity studies with allergens - requirements, guidelines. PMID- 6625581 TI - Regulatory control and standardization of allergenic extracts. New product forms introduction. PMID- 6625580 TI - Evaluation of endotoxin in allergenic extracts. PMID- 6625582 TI - Some biological properties of grass Conjuvac. PMID- 6625583 TI - Progress in common Nordic Guidelines for the Registration of Allergen Preparations. PMID- 6625584 TI - Regulatory control and standardization of allergenic extracts. Progress and results following the resolutions of the First International Paul Ehrlich Seminar. PMID- 6625585 TI - Report on behalf of the International Union of Immunological Societies (I.U.I.S.) Allergen Standardization Subcommittee. PMID- 6625587 TI - Regulatory control and standardization of allergenic extracts. Leading motive: thesis and antithesis. PMID- 6625586 TI - Regulatory control and standardization of allergenic extracts. Clinical methods of evaluation of extracts. PMID- 6625588 TI - Regulatory control and standardization of allergenic extracts. Standardized extracts in prick testing. PMID- 6625589 TI - Biological standardization of allergen extracts/preparations. PMID- 6625590 TI - Regulatory control and standardization of allergenic extracts. Standardized extracts in therapy. PMID- 6625591 TI - Monitoring of different forms of immunotherapy by measuring of grass pollen specific "blocking antibodies". PMID- 6625592 TI - Specific polyclonal antibodies to the carboxyl terminus of [Met]enkephalin-Arg6 Gly7-Leu8. AB - The octapeptide Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Arg-Gly-Leu was recently isolated from bovine adrenal chromaffin granules and serves as a marker for proenkephalin from which it is derived. Polyclonal antisera which are highly specific for the carboxyl terminus have been raised against the synthetic peptide. The only significant cross-reactivity was with the 18.2-k Da and 5.3-k Da enkephalin-containing peptides (EC peptides) which contain the octapeptide at their carboxyl termini and the [des-Tyr] and [des-Tyr-Gly] congeners of the octapeptide. Extracts of bovine adrenal medulla and rat spinal cord were shown to contain significant amounts of the octapeptide, the two larger EC peptides, and the two smaller congeners. PMID- 6625593 TI - Analysis of the neurohypophyseal components accumulating in the supraoptic nucleus of the rat after injection of colchicine. AB - [35S]Cysteine has been injected into the supraoptic nuclei of normal rats and of animals given 7 micrograms colchicine into the cerebrospinal fluid to inhibit transport of neurosecretory granules. Analysis of extracts of the supraoptic nuclei 20 min or 6 h after isotope injections showed that (i) colchicine does not affect biosynthesis, i.e., incorporation of tracer into the common precursors of neurohypophyseal hormones and their associated neurophysins, and (ii) processing of precursors inside the arrested granules proceeds normally. PMID- 6625594 TI - Glucose transport in developing Ehrlich ascites tumor cells: parallel changes in the rate of glucose uptake and cytochalasin B binding activity during tumor development and methotrexate treatment. AB - The ability of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells to take up glucose increased progressively during the course of tumor development. Simultaneously as the rate of uptake rose, the density of a class of glucose-reversible binding sites for cytochalasin B on the cell surface also increased. In its stereospecificity requirement toward competing sugars and in its sensitivity to phloretin and diethylstilbestrol, this class of binding sites resembled the putative glucose carriers identified in various other cell systems and may represent the glucose transporter in Ehrlich ascites cells. Work with methotrexate (MTX) substantiated this view. Methotrexate arrested tumor growth, inhibited glucose uptake, and reduced the number of cytochalasin B binding sites. In both MTX-treated and untreated cells, the magnitude of changes in number of cytochalasin B binding sites closely paralleled and sufficiently accounted for the magnitude of changes in glucose uptake. Qualitative changes in the turnover and affinity for substrate of the putative glucose carrier need not be invoked. PMID- 6625595 TI - Head group and structure specific interactions of enkephalins and dynorphin with liposomes: investigation by hydrophobic photolabeling. AB - The interaction of the opioid enkephalins and endorphins with lipid bilayers is largely unknown. Such interactions might, however, be important for understanding the molecular mechanisms of biological action. We have therefore studied the interaction of several enkephalins and of dynorphin-(1-13)-tridecapeptide (dynorphin1-13) with model membrane systems, using the extremely hydrophobic photolabel of J. Brunner and G. Semenza, (Biochemistry 20, 7174-7182 (1981)) 3 trifluoromethyl-3-(m[125I]iodophenyl)diazirine. By observing several limitations of the method, it was possible to characterize hydrophobic interactions of opioid peptides with liposomes prepared from egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (PC) plus dipalmitoylphosphatidic acid (PA), from brain phosphatidylserine (PS) alone, and from brain cerebroside sulfate (CS) alone, Dynorphine1-13 exhibited strong hydrophobic interactions through its N-terminal "message" segment which were potentiated by the "address" that itself remained in the aqueous phase. This behavior was consistent with the reported pharmacological potentiation. The enkephalins were generally weakly labeled in the PC/PA and PS systems. However, in the CS systems the preferentially mu agonists were labeled very strongly whereas the preferentially delta agonists were labeled more weakly yet. The kappa agonist, dynorphin1-13, was strongly, but more equally labeled in the three systems. Thus, there was a head group specificity that, in our series of compounds, correlated with opiate receptor sub-type specificity. The results were consistent with the behavior of the mu agonist, morphine. PMID- 6625596 TI - Conformational comparison of stored and secreted ovine pituitary prolactin. AB - Highly purified samples of stored and secreted ovine pituitary prolactin have been compared with regard to those conformational properties evidenced by ultraviolet absorption and circular dichroism measurements. No significant differences were found in any of the optical properties measured. The previously reported absence of tryptophanyl circular dichroism in the secreted forms of rat and mouse prolactins may be typical only of rodent hormones and not a general phenomenon. PMID- 6625597 TI - Phencyclidine inhibition of the acetylcholine receptor: measurement of cation flux in a sympathetic neuronal cell line using 22Na+ and spectroscopic detection of Cs+. AB - The site of action of phencyclidine, a powerful and increasingly abused drug, in sympathetic nerve cells has not previously been identified. Here it is demonstrated that phencyclidine is a powerful, noncompetitive inhibitor of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in a sympathetic nerve cell line, PC-12. In the presence of 1 mM carbamoylcholine the rate of the receptor-controlled influx of 22Na+ is reduced by a factor of 2 by 0.7 microM phencyclidine. Increasing concentrations of carbamoylcholine cannot reverse the inhibitory effect of the drug. Both the transmission of electrical signals between nerve cells and the secretion of catecholamines in the PC-12 cell line depend on the receptor controlled ion flux. Thus phencyclidine interferes with at least two specific, physiologically important functions of these nerve cells. A new spectroscopic method has been developed to measure cation flux in cells. It is shown that this method can replace measurements of tracer ion flux. PMID- 6625598 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatographic separation of a mixture of corticosteroids, androgens, and progestins. AB - Fifteen steroids including corticosteroids, androgens, progestins, and their derivatives were completely separated by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography on a ChemcoPak 7 ODS-H column in 50 min. The elution procedures were first with water:methanol:acetonitrile:isopropanol 55:32:6.5:7.5 (v/v) for 15 min and followed with a linear gradient elution for 35 min from 0 to 80% of water:methanol:n-butanol 40:40:20 (v/v). The applicability of this method was successfully demonstrated in the analyses of the biological samples of carp plasma, testis, and head kidney. PMID- 6625599 TI - Synthesis of adrenal peptide E and some of its biological activities. AB - A synthesis of peptide E, a highly potent, 25-amino acid adrenal opioid peptide containing both a [Met]enkephalin at the NH2-terminus and [Leu]enkephalin sequence at the COOH-terminus, originally isolated from bovine adrenal medulla [D. L. Kilpatrick, T. Taniguchi, B. N. Jones, A. S. Stern, J. E. Shively, J. Hullihan, S. Kimura, S. Stein, and S. Udenfriend (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78, 3265-3268], is reported. The synthesis was accomplished by the solid phase method employing the 4-(aminoacyloxymethyl)phenylacetamidomethyl(Pam) copoly(styrene-1% divinylbenzene) resin. Two synthetic strategies (N-indole formyl protected vs unprotected tryptophan) were followed and results compared and evaluated. It was determined that peptide E prepared with protection of tryptophan (residues 13 and 14) was preferred and gave final product that was readily purified by HPLC. The biological activity of the synthetic material was found to be equivalent to the reported activity of the natural compound. PMID- 6625600 TI - Isolation and NH2-terminal sequence of a highly conserved human and porcine pituitary protein belonging to a new superfamily. Immunocytochemical localization in pars distalis and pars nervosa of the pituitary and in the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus. AB - The isolation and purification of a 21,000-Da (pI 4.9) novel protein from porcine anterior pituitary and whole human pituitary is described. Comparison of the NH2 terminal sequence of the first 77 and 81 residues of the human and porcine homologs shows only one conservative substitution at residue 12, namely an Ala for a Thr between these two species. Such high sequence homology is also reflected in their amino acid composition. A computer data-bank search using a mutation data matrix and comparison with 338,327 segments of proteins revealed that this substance should be classified as belonging to a new protein superfamily. Immunocytochemical staining, using an antibody produced against a synthetic fragment, revealed the presence of immunostainable material in the anterior and posterior lobe of the pituitary and in the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus. No staining was observed in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary. Furthermore, purified neurointermediate lobe secretory granule preparations were also shown to contain this novel polypeptide. PMID- 6625601 TI - Reductive oxygenation of carbon tetrachloride: trichloromethylperoxyl radical as a possible intermediate in the conversion of carbon tetrachloride to electrophilic chlorine. AB - Under aerobic conditions, rat liver microsomes convert carbon tetrachloride to an electrophilic form of chlorine that is trapped with 2,6-dimethylphenol to form 4 chloro-2,6-dimethylphenol. The mechanism of cytochrome P-450-catalyzed electrophilic chlorine formation from carbon tetrachloride was examined with structure-activity studies of electrophilic halogen formation and chemical and in vitro microsomal studies. 4-Chloro-2,6-dimethylphenol is not formed as a consequence of a reaction of 2,6-dimethylphenoxyl radical with carbon tetrachloride or carbon tetrachloride-induced lipid peroxyl radical formation. Only tetrahalomethanes were found to yield electrophilic halogens. The chemical oxidants hydrogen peroxide, cumene hydropheroxide, sodium periodate, and iodobenzene diacetate did not support electrophilic halogen formation from carbon tetrachloride, carbon tetrabromide, or hexachloroethane in microsomal studies. The addition of superoxide dismutase, catalase, sodium azide, or glutathione to microsomal incubations did not affect the rate of electrophilic chlorine formation, whereas Paraquat completely inhibited the reaction. The radical spin trap phenyl t-butyl nitrone (14 mM) completely inhibited electrophilic chlorine formation. The rate of electrophilic chlorine formation was highest at 2-5% atmospheric oxygen, whereas anaerobiosis completely inhibited electrophilic chlorine formation, and high oxygen tension impaired electrophilic chlorine formation. These results preclude direct oxidation of carbon tetrachloride or a reaction of superoxide anion radical with carbon tetrachloride as the initial step in electrophilic chlorine formation and suggest that the likely initial step is reductive dehalogenation of carbon tetrachloride to trichloromethyl radical which then traps oxygen to form trichloromethylperoxyl radical. Subsequent reaction of trichloromethyl peroxyl radical leads to electrophilic chlorine. These findings may have important implications concerning carbon tetrachloride induced lipid peroxidation and carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity. PMID- 6625602 TI - The lability of an intermediate of the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase reaction. AB - Interruption of the catalytic cycle of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase by acid denaturation liberated an intermediate with a labile phosphate ester. Addition of fresh, buffered carboxylase enzyme to the acidified carboxylase reaction after 5 s inhibited phosphate release from the intermediate. Therefore, the species with a labile phosphate ester was stable for 5 s in acid and was apparently a substrate for the enzymatic reaction, since the labile intermediate was converted to a stable form by the protein. After acid denaturation, the carboxylated intermediate could be stabilized by reduction after 5 s in acid, but after 1 h no carboxylated intermediate remained. The stoichiometries of phosphate released to enzyme active sites and the carboxylated intermediate trapped to enzyme active sites were approximately 0.04. It was concluded that the labile phosphate species is probably the carboxylated intermediate rather than the enediol(ate) intermediate. The carboxylase and oxygenase reactions were probed for intermediates by the ability of the enzymatic reaction to reduce hexacyanoferrate(III), dichlorophenolindophenol, or nitroblue tetrazolium. Reduction of these reagents and hexacyanoferrate(III)-dependent paracatalytic inactivation were not observed. The copper chelate of lysine, a superoxide dismutase active species, did not selectively inhibit ribulose-bisphosphate oxygenase. PMID- 6625603 TI - Human liver cytosolic malate dehydrogenase: purification, kinetic properties, and role in ethanol metabolism. AB - Cytosolic malate dehydrogenase from human liver was isolated and its physical and kinetic properties were determined. The enzyme had a molecular weight of 72,000 +/- 2000 and an amino acid composition similar to those of malate dehydrogenases from other species. The kinetic behaviour of the enzyme was consistent with an Ordered Bi Bi mechanism. The following values (microM) of the kinetic parameters were obtained at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C: Ka, 17; Kia, 3.6; Kb, 51; Kib, 68; Kp, 770; Kip, 10,700; Kq, 42; Kiq, 500, where a, b, p, and q refer to NADH, oxalacetate, malate, and NAD+, respectively. The maximum velocity of the enzyme in human liver homogenates was 102 mumol/min/g wet wt of liver for oxalacetate reduction and 11.2 mumol/min/g liver for malate oxidation at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C. Calculations using these parameters showed that, under conditions in vivo, the rate of NADH oxidation by the enzyme would be much less than the maximum velocity and could be comparable to the rate of NADH production during ethanol oxidation in human liver. The rate of NADH oxidation would be sensitive to the concentrations of NADH and oxalacetate; this sensitivity can explain the change in cytosolic NAD+/NADH redox state during ethanol metabolism in human liver. PMID- 6625604 TI - Positive correlation between superoxide dismutase and resistance to paraquat toxicity in the green alga Chlorella sorokiniana. AB - Paraquat (10-30 microM) exerted a dose-dependent and light-dependent toxicity on Chlorella sorokiniana. Paraquat was also seen to increase the superoxide dismutase content of these cells and to cause the appearance of a new electrophoretically distinct isozyme. Cells grown in the absence of paraquat contained one manganese-superoxide dismutase and two iron-superoxide dismutases, while the paraquat-grown cells contained an additional manganese-superoxide dismutase. Cells which were grown in the presence of 25 microM Paraquat, and which therefore possessed elevated levels of superoxide dismutase, were resistant to 30 microM Paraquat, whereas control cells were bleached and killed by this level of Paraquat. Electron micrography and chemical analysis revealed that Paraquat decreased the starch content of the cells and caused a failure of dividing cells to separate. It appears that Paraquat increases the photoproduction of O2- in C. sorokiniana and that an increase in the cell content of superoxide dismutase is an adaptive response which provides protection against this herbicide. PMID- 6625605 TI - Rat uterine progesterone receptor: stabilization of hormone-binding components for biochemical analyses. AB - A method was developed for quantitative recovery of the labile rat uterine progesterone receptor hormone-binding components. Initial conditions were established by the sucrose gradient procedure. Upon centrifugation through low salt 5-20% sucrose gradients prepared in 10% glycerol, the well-known 6-8 S progesterone receptor components were observed either when cytosol was prelabeled with [3H]17,21-dimethyl-19-nor-4,9-pregnadiene-3,20-dione [( 3H]R5020) or when prelabeled with [3H]progesterone followed by postlabeling the fractions collected after centrifugation with either [3H]progesterone or [3H]R5020. Recovery of progesterone receptor binding was improved by prelabeling with [3H]R5020, by adding 1.5 mM ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethylether)N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) to all buffers, and at high tissue concentrations. Under these conditions quantitative conversion of the receptor to specific [3H]R5020-binding 4S components was achieved with 150 or 400 mM KCl. Similar conditions proved unsuitable for receptor analysis by gel filtration (Bio-Rad agarose A0.5M or A1.5M), apparently due to [3H]R5020 dissociation from the receptor in the large volume of elution buffer. However, excellent receptor recovery (97.2 +/- 6.7%) was achieved by including 10 nM unlabeled progesterone in all preparation and elution buffers. Receptors were then detected by the addition of 5 nM [3H]R5020 to the column fractions, exchange incubation for 3-6 h at 4 degrees C, and subsequent separation of bound and free steroid by the hydroxyapatite assay. This method resulted in a consistent elution pattern suggestive of receptor heterogeneity. Identity of the peak(s) as progesterone receptor components(s) was confirmed by the lack of competition by 2 microM cortisol when added either to cytosol or during the postlabeling-exchange process. Neither the qualitative nor quantitative results of the column profiles were changed substantially in the presence of 20 mM molybdate. Although the receptor structure has yet to be established, both statistical analysis of the column profiles by computer curve fitting procedures and rechromatography of peak fractions suggested that the rat uterine progesterone receptor may be composed of multiple components. This ligand stabilization/postlabeling-exchange procedure provides a method for further studies of progesterone receptor biochemistry in mammalian systems. Additionally, similar procedures may stabilize other labile ligand-binding proteins for biochemical analyses and/or purification. PMID- 6625606 TI - Myosin light chain phosphorylation during contraction of chicken fast and slow skeletal muscles. AB - A modified automatic freezing apparatus (K. M. Kretzschmar and D. R. Wilkie, 1962, J. Physiol. (London) 202, 66-67) was used for studying light chain phosphorylation during the early phase of contraction of the fast, posterior latissimus dorsi, and slow, anterior latissimus dorsi, muscles of chicken at 37 degrees C. The frozen muscles were worked up under conditions which avoid artifacts in quantitating the level of light chain phosphorylation in contracting and resting muscles. The posterior latissimus dorsi muscle reached 80% of its maximal isometric tension at 0.1 s of tetanic stimulation. At the same time, light chain phosphorylation increased by 60% of its maximal extent. The peak tension of the posterior muscle at 0.2 s of stimulation was accompanied by maximal light chain phosphorylation. In case of the slow anterior latissimus dorsi muscle, maximal tetanic tension was developed in 2.5-5 s and light chain phosphorylation also proceeded at a much slower rate than in the fast posterior muscle. When contralateral posterior latissimus dorsi muscles were stimulated for 0.2 s and one muscle was frozen at the height of tetanus while the other muscle was allowed to relax and frozen 0.4 s after terminating the stimulation, both contracted and relaxed muscles exhibited maximal light chain phosphorylation. However, when the muscle was allowed to relax for 0.8 s before freezing, half of the phosphorylated light chain became dephosphorylated. The resting level of phosphate content of the light chain was restored in both the posterior and anterior muscles during a longer time after relaxation. PMID- 6625607 TI - Inhibition of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases by p-chloroamphetamine and its role in protein synthesis inhibition. AB - p-Chloroamphetamine inhibited to some degree all amino acid-dependent pyrophosphate-exchange activities which could be detected in a rabbit reticulocyte extract. A detailed kinetic analysis of the reaction catalyzed by reticulocyte leucyl-tRNA synthetase demonstrated that the inhibitor affected only amino acid binding. Less rigorous studies of other synthetases from both rabbit reticulocyte and Escherichia coli could be similarly interpreted, suggesting that this compound interacts in a common manner with these several enzymes. The contribution of such effects to the inhibition of protein synthesis by the drug was investigated using cell-free translation systems in which rates of amino acid incorporation were limited to varying degrees by the synthesis and availability of aminoacyl-tRNA. In a wheat germ system programmed with globin mRNA, in which levels of amino acids and aminoacyl-tRNAs were shown to limit the rate of protein synthesis, the inhibition produced by p-chloroamphetamine could be partially reversed by increasing the concentration of the limiting amino acid. In a reticulocyte lysate, in which amino acid concentrations were not limiting, inhibition failed to show an amino acid-reversible component. Thus, while the inhibition of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases by amphetamines can be shown in some cases to play a role in the effects of these compounds on in vitro protein synthesis, other sites of interference with initiation and/or elongation reactions may predominate, depending on the construction of the system under study. PMID- 6625608 TI - Is the onset of actin histidine methylation under development control in the chick embryo. AB - It had previously been reported (B. Krzysik, J. P. Vergnes, and I. R. McManus (1971) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 146, 34-45) that prior to day 11 of embryonic life chick skeletal muscle actin contained little or no 3-methylhistidine, and that between Day 11 and 18, the degree of actin histidine methylation increased until it leveled off at 1 mol of 3-methylhistidine/mol actin. This is the value seen in adult muscle and nonmuscle actins so far analyzed. To determine whether this delayed onset of actin methylation occurred simultaneously throughout the organism or differed from tissue to tissue, the 3-methylhistidine content of cardiac muscle actin from Day 2 of embryonic life to hatching and of brain actin at Days 9, 11, and 14 were analyzed. These results, obtained by analyzing unlabeled actin samples as well as samples labeled in vivo with [3H]histidine, showed that at all stages, 1 mol of 3-methylhistidine was present per mol of actin. When skeletal muscle samples obtained from Day 11 to 18 embryos were analyzed 1 mol of 3-methylhistidine/mol of actin was observed. Thus, in the chick embryo, contrary to those reports published earlier, it was found that actin histidine methylation is not under developmental control. PMID- 6625609 TI - Resolution of the effects of sulfhydryl-blocking reagents on hormone- and DNA binding activities of the chick oviduct progesterone receptor. AB - The differential effects of sulfhydryl (SH)-blocking agents on hormone and DNA binding by the chick oviduct progesterone receptor were investigated. Previous studies have demonstrated inhibition of steroid-receptor interaction by SH blocking agents and protection against inhibition by bound hormone. The present results indicate that the SH group required for steroid binding is within or near the hormone-binding site itself, and that a second SH group (or groups) is involved in the binding of receptor to DNA. Three findings relate to the site of action of SH-blocking agents on hormone binding. First, glycerol decreased the rate of hormone dissociation and the rate of hormone displacement by mercurial reagents by 75 to 90%. Second, mercurial reagents displaced [3H]progesterone bound to the mero-receptor, a Mr 23,000 proteolytic fragment containing the hormone-binding site, but not the site of interaction with DNA. Third, hormone displacement was still present after a 10,000-fold purification of the progesterone receptor. Mercurial reagents also inhibited binding of progesterone receptor to DNA, whereas the SH-alkylating agents N-ethylmaleimide and iodoacetamide had no effect. It is likely that distinct sulfhydryl groups are required for steroid receptor interaction with hormone and with DNA, since brief treatment with mercurial reagents blocked DNA binding, but caused only a slight displacement of bound hormone. The SH group required for hormone binding probably lies within or near the hormone-binding site, is sensitive to mercurials, alkylating agents, and 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate) (DTNB), and is protected by bound hormone. The SH group required for DNA binding, in contrast, is sensitive to mercurials but not to alkylating agents, is only partially sensitive to DTNB, and is not protected by bound hormone. PMID- 6625610 TI - The isolation and characterization of specific 3-methylcholanthrene-binding proteins from rat liver cytosol. AB - The major proteins to which 3-methylcholanthrene specifically binds have been purified over 480-fold with a 45% yield compared to a rat liver 100,000g supernate. The procedure involved a batch ion-exchange technique together with hydrophobic gel filtration and chromatofocusing chromatography. The multiple, specific 3-methylcholanthrene-binding proteins obtained from this protocol had apparent isoelectric points of pH 6.3, 6.0, 5.7, and 5.5 on elution from a chromatofocusing column. They all shared a common sedimentation coefficient as determined by sucrose gradient analysis of 4.4 S. Gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 gave a common Stokes radius of 27 A. An analysis of these chromatofocusing peaks by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed those which eluted at pH 6.3 and 6.0 to contain two major protein bands of Mr 32,000 and 34,000, together with several contaminating proteins. In contrast, the peaks from chromatofocusing which eluted at pH 5.7 and 5.5 contained three major proteins of Mr 40,000, 25,000, and 14,000. The specific binding capability of these chromatofocusing peaks was found to be unstable to temperatures of -30 degrees C and below. Competition studies showed that these proteins were not steroid receptors, and that only polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which could induce cytochrome P-450c were able to displace 3-methylcholanthrene from the binding site. A marked preference was noted for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with four to five benzene rings arranged in a nonlinear fashion, suggesting the stereochemical requirements of the protein binding site. The stability of the noncovalent interaction between the proteins and 3-methylcholanthrene was in the range of pH 7 to 9. PMID- 6625611 TI - Changes in the electron transport chain of pea leaf mitochondria metabolizing malate. AB - Pea leaf mitochondria showed complex kinetics for malate metabolism. O2 uptake increased as malate concentration increased from 0 to 10 mM, reached a plateau between 10 and 20 mM malate, and then increased again up to 40 mM malate. Analysis of the products of malate oxidation by high-performance liquid chromatography revealed that the first phase of O2 uptake coincided with the synthesis of both pyruvate and oxalacetate (OAA) while the second phase of O2 uptake at higher malate levels usually occurred with a large increase in OAA formation. The biphasic response in O2 uptake and the changing ratios of pyruvate and OAA synthesis did not appear to be the direct result of the differing Km values of malate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme. Rather, they resulted from thermodynamic properties of these two malate oxidases and the kinetics of the two NADH dehydrogenases found in plant mitochondria. At low malate concentrations the rotenone-sensitive NADH dehydrogenase was active and could accept electrons from both malate oxidases. This NADH dehydrogenase became saturated at about 10 mM malate. At higher malate concentrations the rotenone-insensitive NADH dehydrogenase was increasingly important and its increased electron transport capacity was best exploited by malate dehydrogenase. At the higher malate concentrations an increasing portion of the electrons from malate reduce O2 through the alternative oxidase. Although this coincided with the second phase of malate-dependent O2 uptake it was not required for this phase to be seen. PMID- 6625612 TI - Reductive methylation as a probe of the heat-labile alpha-bungarotoxin acetylcholine receptor membrane complex: evidence for surface interactions. AB - alpha-Bungarotoxin (alpha-Bgt) is a potent postsynaptic neurotoxin which blocks neurotransmission by binding very tightly to the acetylcholine-receptor (AcChR) protein. We have previously shown (P. Calvo-Fernandez, and M. Martinez-Carrion (1981) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 208, 154-159) that alpha-Bgt free in its native solution conformation incorporates 12 methyl groups when reductively methylated using formaldehyde and sodium cyanoborohydride. We now show that when the alpha Bgt molecule is bound to the AcChR contained in native membranes prepared from Torpedo californica electroplax, the number of accessible methylation sites is significantly reduced. This favors a model of alpha-Bgt-AcChR interaction involving significant numbers of lysyl moieties distributed over a reasonably large surface of the toxin molecule. In addition, this paper presents a novel procedure for the rapid and nondestructive dissociation of the toxin-AcChR membrane complex which takes advantage of the thermal instability of the complex. PMID- 6625613 TI - Human testis-specific histone TH2B: fractionation and peptide mapping. AB - The presence of the nonionic detergent Triton X-100 was shown to improve the resolution of the human TH2B on gel electrophoresis and on gel filtration. Total histones of human testis, including TH2B, were resolved by electrophoresis in 15% polyacrylamide gels containing 0.4% Triton X-100, 1.5 M urea, and 0.9 N acetic acid. Gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-200 in 0.4% Triton X-100, 5.0 M urea, and 0.01 N HCl permitted the purification of human TH2B from human testis and sperm in preparative amounts. The structure of human TH2B so prepared was compared to that of rat TH2B, human H2B, and rat H2B by tryptic peptide mapping. The results showed some similarities between all four proteins, but closer similarity was observed within the germ cell histone (TH2B) group and within the somatic histone (H2B) group than between histones of the same species. In addition, human TH2B and rat TH2B each contained one unique peptide absent from other histones. PMID- 6625614 TI - Comparison of pyridoxal phosphate and 0.4 M KCl-extracted nuclear glucocorticoid receptors in HeLa S3 cells. AB - A comparison of the physicochemical properties between pyridoxal 5'-phosphate- and 0.4 M KCl-extracted nuclear glucocorticoid receptors has been made utilizing HeLa S3 cells as a source of receptor. Both pyridoxal 5'-phosphate/NaBH4-reduced and 0.4 M KCl-extracted receptors sedimented as approximately 3.5-4.5 S species in 5-20% sucrose gradients containing 0, 0.15, and 0.4 M KCl. Under low-ionic strength buffer conditions, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-extracted receptor elutes close to the void volume of a Sephacryl S-300 gel-exclusion column. Increasing the [KCl] of the column to 0.4 M resulted in the elution of receptor with a Stokes radius of 58 A and calculated Mr = 96,000. Nuclear receptors extracted with 0.4 M KCl also formed a large-molecular-weight complex which eluted close to the void volume of the gel-exclusion column. Increasing the [KCl] to 0.4 M had the effect of shifting this receptor form to a species which had a Stokes radius of 62 A and calculated Mr = 89,700. Ion-exchange analysis of nuclear-extracted receptors revealed that 0.4 M KCl-extracted receptors exhibited considerable charge heterogeneity, whereas pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-extracted receptors did not. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-extracted receptors (approximately 86%) eluted from DEAE cellulose at a [KCl] greater than 0.15 M; approximately 14% of the receptors had little affinity for DEAE-cellulose. Pyridoxal phosphate-treated receptors had little affinity for hydroxylapatite, phosphocellulose, and DNA-cellulose. The predominant form of 0.4 M KCl-extracted nuclear receptors (approximately 78%) eluted from DEAE-cellulose between 0.05 and 0.15 M KCl, a position coincident with "activated" glucocorticoid receptors. The remaining receptor fraction (approximately 22%) eluted from DEAE-cellulose at a [KCl] greater than 0.15 M, a position coincident with "unactivated" glucocorticoid receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6625616 TI - Effect of pH, salt, and coupling state on the interaction of ferredoxin with the chloroplast membrane. AB - To determine if the interaction between ferredoxin and ferredoxin:NADP reductase is similar to the interaction between the purified proteins when the ferrodoxin:NADP reductase is membrane bound, the effect of pH, salt, and coupling state on the Km for ferredoxin in NADP reduction by chloroplast membranes has been examined. Increasing pH and salt concentrations as well as uncouplers all resulted in increases in the Km for ferredoxin. The pH and salt effects on the Km are similar to effects observed by others (C. Batie and H. Kamin (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 7756-7763) on the dissociation constant for a complex between the two purified proteins, although the salt effect on the Km appears to be affected by the surface potential of the chloroplast membrane. These results suggest that the interaction between ferredoxin and the membrane-bound ferredoxin:NADP reductase is not greatly different from the interaction which has been characterized between the two purified proteins. PMID- 6625615 TI - The enzymatic defluorination of fluoroacetate in mouse liver cytosol: the separation of defluorination activity from several glutathione S-transferases of mouse liver. AB - The liberation of free fluoride ion from fluoroacetate (FAc) proceeds as an enzyme-catalyzed dehalogenation reaction in the soluble fractions of several organs of the CFW Swiss mouse. Liver contained the highest FAc defluorinating activity. The enzyme activity in other organs decreased in the order kidney greater than lung greater than heart greater than testes. No activity was detected in the brain. Experiments were designed to characterize and identify the enzyme species responsible for FAc metabolism in liver. Enzyme activity was dependent on the concentration of glutathione (GSH) in the assay mixture, with maximal activity occurring above 5 mM. The dehalogenation of FAc had an apparent Km of 7.0 mM when measured in the presence of a saturating concentration of GSH. An increase in the pH of the assay mixture enhanced fluoride release in both phosphate and borate buffer. The defluorination activity was reduced to negligible levels when stored for 24 h at 4 degrees C. The addition of either GSH, dithiothreitol, or 2-mercaptoethanol increased stability, with the latter providing protection for greater than 150 h at a concentration of 15 mM. DEAE anion-exchange chromatography separated the defluorinating activity from 90% of the soluble GSH S-transferase activity measured with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. FAc defluorination activity did not bind to a GSH affinity column which selectively separates it from a group of anionic GSH S-transferases. The GSH dependent enzyme which dehalogenates FAc has unique properties and can be separated from the liver GSH S-transferases previously described in the literature. PMID- 6625617 TI - Biosynthesis of proteoglycans by isolated rabbit glomeruli. AB - Isolated rabbit glomeruli were incubated in vitro with 35SO4 in order to analyze the proteoglycans synthesized. Proteoglycans extracted with 4 M guanidine HCl from whole isolated glomeruli and from purified glomerular basement membrane (GBM) were analyzed by gel filtration chromatography. Two types of sulfated proteoglycans were found to be synthesized by rabbit glomeruli and these contained either heparan sulfate or chondroitin/dermatan sulfate glycosaminoglycan chains. These glycosaminoglycans were characterized by their sensitivity to selective degradation by nitrous acid or chondroitinase ABC, respectively. The major proteoglycan extracted from the whole glomeruli was a chondroitin/dermatan sulfate species (75%), while purified GBM contained mostly heparan sulfate (70%). The glycosaminoglycan chains were estimated to be about 12,000 molecular weight which is consistent with previous estimates for similar molecules extracted from the rat GBM. PMID- 6625618 TI - Calcium inhibits the heparin-catalyzed antithrombin III/thrombin reaction by decreasing the apparent binding affinity of heparin for thrombin. AB - The present study has shown that calcium inhibits the heparin-catalyzed antithrombin III/thrombin reaction. The initial rate of thrombin (4.0 nM) inhibition by antithrombin III (200 nM) in the presence of heparin (2.5 ng/ml) decreased from 3.6 nM/min (in the absence of calcium) to 0.12 nM/min in the presence of 10 mM calcium. In the absence of heparin, the initial rate of thrombin inhibition by antithrombin III was not affected by calcium. The heparin catalyzed antithrombin III/thrombin reaction is described by the general rate equation for a random-order, bireactant, enzyme-catalyzed reaction (M. J. Griffith (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 13899-13902). As such, the reaction is saturable with respect to both thrombin and antithrombin III. The apparent kinetic parameters for the heparin-catalyzed antithrombin III/thrombin reaction were determined in the presence and absence of calcium. The apparent heparin/antithrombin III dissociation constant values were not measurably different in the presence of 0, 1.0, and 3.0 mM calcium. The apparent heparin/thrombin dissociation constant value increased from 7.0 nM, in the absence of calcium, to 10 and 30 nM in the presence of 1.0 and 3.0 mM calcium, respectively. The maximum reaction velocity, at saturation with respect to both proteins, was not affected by calcium. It is concluded that calcium binds to functional groups within the heparin molecule which are required for thrombin binding. PMID- 6625619 TI - Requirement of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase kinase for coenzyme A. AB - Phosphorylation and inactivation of acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase by acetyl CoA carboxylase kinase in the presence of ATP and Mg2+ requires coenzyme A. Coenzyme A did not enhance the phosphorylation of alternative substrates of the carboxylase kinase such as protamine or histones. Analogs of coenzyme A were also effective in stimulating the inactivation of carboxylase. The KA of CoA for stimulated carboxylase inactivation was 25 microM. The presence of coenzyme A did not alter the Km of the carboxylase kinase for its substrates, ATP and acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Fluorescence binding studies showed that CoA binds to carboxylase but not to the kinase. The KD of CoA binding to carboxylase is 27 microM. These results indicate that coenzyme A, acting on acetyl-CoA carboxylase, may play an important role in the regulation of the covalent modification mechanism for acetyl-CoA carboxylase. PMID- 6625620 TI - The 1 alpha-hydroxylation of 24-hydroxyvitamin D3 by chick kidney homogenates. AB - Tritium-labeled 24(R)-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 24(S)-hydroxyvitamin D3 were chemically synthesized and the 1 alpha-hydroxylation of these compounds by chick kidney homogenates was studied. A marked stereospecific preference with regard to the orientation of the hydroxyl functionality on carbon-24 was noted: while the 24(R)-epimer could be 1 alpha-hydroxylated in readily detectable amounts, the 24(S)-epimer was not hydroxylated. Thus, 1.2 micrograms of 1 alpha,24(R) dihydroxyvitamin D3 was isolated and its structure confirmed by mass spectrometry. The relative rate of 1 alpha-hydroxylation of 125 nM substrate tritiated 24(R)-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (the presumed natural substrate for the renal 1 alpha-hydroxylase) was 1:6.7. PMID- 6625621 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of renal cell carcinoma]. AB - Renal cell carcinoma is one of the most difficult malignant tumors for early diagnosis. It is rare that the classic symptoms such as hematuria, a renal mass and flank pain appear simultaneously. Only in about 7% of renal cell carcinoma patients these symptoms occurred simultaneously. Hematuria is an important symptom, and in our series 46% of the patients with renal cell carcinomas were conscious of macrohematuria as an initial symptom. As an initial symptom, a mass was palpable in 8% and flank pain was felt in 13% of the patients with renal cell carcinomas. Nonurologic symptoms were observed as initial symptoms in 33% cases, suggesting physician's particular attention on these symptoms. Initial diagnosis of renal cell carcinomas begins with urinary tract x-ray examination, which is followed by ultrasonography, CT scan, and if necessary, angiography. These procedures make definite diagnosis possible and define clinical staging. The most basic and reliable treatment method established for renal cell carcinomas is surgery--radical nephrectomy. Much cannot be expected from chemotherapy or radiotherapy as an adjuvant modality. To what extent lymphoadenectomy should be performed at the time of radical surgery is a question still to be definitely answered, but the lymph node of the renal pedicle should be removed completely. While any chemotherapeutic drug or method has not yet been established, an increasing number of useful agents have been studied. Radiotherapy is now used exclusively as adjuvant therapy for metastatic tumors. In order to improve clinical results, it is necessary to establish an appropriate approach according to clinical stage. In particular, establishment of approach to progressive carcinomas is imperative. PMID- 6625622 TI - [Benign tumors of the kidney]. AB - Benign tumors of the kidney were rare entities in the incidence. But, recently, the cases with benign tumors of the kidney which were discovered incidentally have increased by popularization of ultrasonography and computed tomography. It is easy to distinguish a mass on clinical examination, but it is difficult to differentiate definitely either benign tumor or malignant one clinically. Besides, it has been pointed out that cases of renal oncocytoma had fairly been included among the nephrectomized cases because of the diagnosis as renal cell carcinoma. Consequently, we need sufficient knowledge about benign tumors of the kidney. Author discussed an outline of the representative benign tumors of the kidney. PMID- 6625623 TI - [Clinical significance of measurement of immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) in lung cancer]. AB - Immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) was investigated in 37 patients with lung cancer. A positive rate of IAP in patients was 62.2% and it was higher than that in pulmonary benign diseases except infectious cases. Serum IAP levels increased in accordance with the progress of disease, but no relationship with histological findings was observed. No significant correlation was found between serum IAP levels and in vivo PPD skin test. However, in patients with more than 1000 micrograms/ml of serum IAP levels, higher proportion of patients with negative PPD skin test was observed, indicating the depressed immunity of these patients. From these results, it was suggested that the effects of treatment and prognosis could be predicted by pre-and post-operative IAP levels. PMID- 6625624 TI - [Enhancement of in vitro lymphocyte proliferative response by vitamin B compounds]. AB - The effects of Vitamin B compounds consisting of B1, B6 and B12 on the in vitro lymphocyte proliferative (LP) response were investigated. Vitamin B compounds failed to enhance the LP response of healthy controls but did enhance that of cancer patients, suggesting the recovery of depressed LP response to normal level by the treatment employing the compounds. The addition of Vitamin B compounds in the generation phase of Concanavalin-A induced suppressor cells significantly abrogated the activities. However, Vitamin B compounds produced no effect to neutralize the inhibitory effect of cancer sera on LP response. PMID- 6625625 TI - Aetiology of Reye's syndrome. PMID- 6625626 TI - Over heating in infancy. PMID- 6625627 TI - Detection and management of squint. PMID- 6625628 TI - Continuous wave Doppler ultrasound in evaluation of cerebral blood flow in neonates. AB - The cerebral circulation of 25 normal term infants was investigated using continuous wave Doppler ultrasound. Serial blood flow velocity signals were obtained from the common carotid and anterior cerebral arteries during the first week of life. The records were processed using a frequency spectrum analyser to provide cerebral blood velocity waveforms. The pulsatility index (PI), A/B ratio, and rise and fall slope of the waveforms were calculated. The results indicated that cerebrovascular resistance was raised appreciably on day 1 of life compared with later in the first week. In 18 of 25 infants (72%) there was no continuous carotid blood flow in the first hours of life. We suggest that the human cerebral circulation adapts to the process of birth in a similar fashion to that of animal models. PMID- 6625629 TI - Pulse wave patterns in patent ductus arteriosus. AB - Pulse wave patterns were analysed in 10 term and 10 preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and in 2 matched control groups. A non-invasive technique was used to record the pulse waves from the axillary artery. The pulsatile ratio was calculated as the quotient between the amplitude of the incisural notch and the peak of the pulse wave above the end diastolic baseline. The pulsatile ratio was considerably lower in preterm and term infants with PDA compared with the ratio after closure of the ductus and the ratio in control infants. A pulsatile ratio less than 0.50 indicates the presence of a large PDA whereas a ratio over 0.55 is normal. The technique may be used to document and evaluate arterial pulse wave patterns and may be a useful diagnostic tool. PMID- 6625630 TI - An assessment of the diabetic knowledge of school teachers. AB - Ninety seven teachers of diabetic pupils in Liverpool completed a questionnaire designed to assess their knowledge of diabetes mellitus and the sources from which they had obtained information. The survey aimed to evaluate their understanding and to aid in planning an alternative policy of teacher education. Only 24 teachers (25%) seemed to have adequate understanding of diabetes and there was little knowledge of recognition and treatment of emergency diabetic problems and aspects of diet. Most information had been obtained from either diabetic pupils or their parents and not from medical or nursing personnel. PMID- 6625632 TI - Congenital lobar emphysema: problems in diagnosis and management. AB - A retrospective study was made of 9 patients with congenital lobar emphysema who presented over the past 13 years. The ages of the patients at diagnosis ranged from 2 weeks to 10 years. The earlier the presentation, the more severe were the symptoms. Two patients were misdiagnosed initially at the referring hospitals with near disastrous results. Pitfalls in diagnosis are outlined and the various investigative procedures discussed. A flow chart for the diagnostic approach is presented. Treatment was usually by lobectomy but 2 older children presenting late with mild symptoms were managed conservatively with satisfactory results. PMID- 6625631 TI - Goodpasture's syndrome: treatment with plasmapheresis, immunosuppression, and anticoagulation. AB - We report 3 children with Goodpasture's syndrome. In 2 children the diagnosis was delayed, treatment began late, and they did not recover renal function. In the third child early diagnosis and intensive treatment with plasmapheresis, immunosuppression, and anticoagulation resulted in an initial return of renal function after a prolonged period of anuria. In this child, however, although there was no evidence of disease activity, further deterioration of renal function subsequently occurred. PMID- 6625633 TI - Respiratory problems 2 years after acute bronchiolitis in infancy. AB - We assessed the clinical progress of 55 children 2 years after admission to hospital with acute bronchiolitis and performed lung function tests on 40. During the 2 year follow up period 75% of the children had wheezed, 36% had 2 or more lower respiratory symptoms lasting more than 2 weeks, 33% had more than 100 days of lower respiratory symptoms, and 13% were readmitted to hospital with acute respiratory disease. In addition 60% of the children were hyperinflated on lung function tests. Many of the children with hyperinflation at the 2 year assessment had not been hyperinflated 1 year earlier, suggesting variable airways obstruction. Reversibility of airways obstruction was also assessed by response to nebulised salbutamol. Nine children had a fall greater than 15% in airways resistance after salbutamol and these children had the highest baseline airways resistances. Airways resistance was higher in the children with a family history of atopy. PMID- 6625634 TI - Early and late neonatal septicaemia. AB - Between 1979 and 1982 we reviewed 1000 consecutive admissions to the neonatal intensive care unit of this hospital. Sixty five infants had positive blood cultures. Mortality was 70% among 17 infants who had septicaemia in the first 48 hours of life and for whom appropriate treatment may have been too late because of difficulties of early diagnosis. In the remaining 48 infants mortality was 12%, septicaemia occurred later, and was associated with Staphylococcus epidermidis (56%) and with the presence of an intravascular catheter (50%). PMID- 6625635 TI - Computerised nutritional data management in neonatal intensive care. AB - We report a minicomputer based recording, reporting, and research system for patient data management in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). It is moderately priced, transportable, and independent of a central computer. It requires only a desk top and standard power supply, and successfully meets the medical documentation, communication, and research needs of the NICU. The first phase of programme development has enabled us to process growth and nutritional data from infants on complex parenteral and enteral nutrition. The system is well suited to medical users and provides a practical interactive data management system with many potential applications in the NICU. PMID- 6625636 TI - Chronic boric acid poisoning in infants. AB - We report 7 infants suffering from seizures induced by chronic boric acid ingestion. The boric acid was given by dipping a soother in a proprietary borax and honey mixture. The babies have remained well since the mixture was withheld. PMID- 6625637 TI - Influence of pre-eclampsia on concentrations of haemostatic factors in mothers and infants. AB - The effect of pre-eclampsia on selected maternal and neonatal coagulation factors was studied by comparing plasma concentrations in 5 severely pre-eclamptic and 5 normal pregnancies. Pre-eclampsia was associated with appreciably lower maternal values of antithrombin III, plasminogen, and platelet count in late pregnancy but umbilical cord blood values showed no notable differences from normal pregnancy. PMID- 6625638 TI - Expiration induced femoral flow in neonatal coarctation of aorta. AB - In a 3 day old infant with coarctation of the aorta a loud Doppler signal synchronous with expiration was present for some hours in the femoral vessels, with only barely audible signals synchronous with cardiac systole. It is suggested that in the presence of severe aortic constriction and temporary ductal closure, blood was pumped through the infradiaphragmatic arteries by increased intrathoracic expiratory pressure. PMID- 6625639 TI - Serum thyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone values in unreferred children with short stature. AB - Of 449 children aged 6-9 years with heights below the first centile in a total population of 48 221, only 1 had previously undiagnosed hypothyroidism. In a community with well developed health services hypothyroidism is unlikely to be the cause of short stature among primary school children. PMID- 6625640 TI - Human chorionic gonadotrophin secreting pineal germinoma and precocious puberty. AB - A 10 1/2 year old boy presented with raised intracranial pressure and precocious puberty caused by a human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) secreting pineal germinoma. After craniospinal irradiation he improved clinically and his HCG concentration fell to an undetectable value. Two years later he remains well. Pineal germinomas are highly radiosensitive obviating the need for difficult surgery associated with high mortality. PMID- 6625641 TI - Psychogenic cough. AB - Psychogenic cough is croupy and explosive, never occurs during sleep, and is not affected by antitussive drugs. Physical and radiographic examinations of the respiratory tract and microbiological investigations are normal. Bronchial asthma manifested as chronic cough should be excluded in each patient by lung function testing. PMID- 6625642 TI - Cardiovascular anomalies with imperforate anus. AB - In 68 patients with anorectal malformations cardiovascular anomalies (CVA) were seen in 15 and genitourinary (GU) anomalies in 30. CVA were more frequent (33%) whenever there was a GU anomaly. Ventricular septal defect was the most frequent lesion. All but 1 CVA occurred with type III anorectal malformation. The complexity of the cardiac lesion did not parallel that of the GU anomaly. PMID- 6625643 TI - Estimation of glomerular filtration rate from height/plasma creatinine ratio. PMID- 6625644 TI - Microdisc-electrophoretic study of deoxyribonucleases in cow snout epidermis. AB - Acid and neutral deoxyribonucleases (DNases) of the cow snout epidermis were investigated by the microdisc-electrophoresis of polyacrylamide gels containing highly polymerized DNA and by isoelectric focusing techniques. The nucleases were characterized with respect to their pH optimum. An acid DNase at pH 5.0 was detected as a single distinct band after the electrophoretic separation. After isoelectric focussing also, only one acid DNase activity with an isoelectric point (IP) of 6.2 was detectable. Neutral DNases at pH 7.4 were demonstrated as major and minor bands by their different electrophoretic mobilities. In the isoelectric focusing system also, two neutral DNases, a major one (IP, 4.6) and a minor one (IP, 6.4), were found. Characterization with respect to their histologic location showed acid and neutral DNases across the epidermal layers with the highest activities in the upper layers, where DNA concentration had been shown to be lowest. In correlation with their subcellular distribution, the highest activities of both acid and neutral DNase were found in the 105,00 X g supernatant of the subcellular fractions. PMID- 6625646 TI - Skin vessel leakage of plasma proteins after PUVA therapy. AB - In eight healthy volunteers the effect of PUVA therapy on skin vessel leakiness was examined (a quadrant on one side of the abdominal skin was shielded during the UVA irradiation). The relative concentration of intravenously injected labeled albumin in suction blister fluid from irradiated skin was only slightly elevated 2 days after PUVA treatment, whereas a significant elevation (P less than 0.01) was observed on non-irradiated skin. No significant changes were observed in the concentrations of four endogenous plasma proteins in serum and blister fluid. It is concluded that PUVA therapy can induce an increased vascular leakage of albumin from the skin vessels due to humoral factors. In exposed--in contrast to non-exposed--skin, the findings are influenced by an interstitial oedema. PMID- 6625645 TI - Polyamine levels in normal human skin. A comparative study of pure epidermis, pure dermis, and suction blister fluid. AB - The polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine were detected and measured in both free and total forms in man in pure epidermis, pure dermis, suction blister fluid, blood, and 24-h urines. The technique employed for polyamine measurement consisted in liquid chromatography by ion exchange using an automatic amino acid analyzer and a fluorescence detection system. Polyamine concentrations were found to vary significantly between the dermis and the epidermis, both quantitatively and qualitatively: spermidine and spermine levels were much higher in the epidermis than in the dermis, and putrescine&spermidine and spermidine/spermine ratios were much lower in the epidermis. These differences reflect the known differences in cellularity, proliferative activity, and differentiation between these two cutaneous regions. The high spermidine and spermine concentrations in the epidermis suggest that these substances play a special role in this tissue. PMID- 6625647 TI - Is chemotactic activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes increased in psoriasis? AB - Chemotactic activity of PMNs of 44 patients with common psoriasis and 20 healthy individuals was studied by modified Boyden chamber assay and casein as a chemoattractant. The patients were classified according to the activity of the disease, extent of skin lesions, and duration of the disease and of the last relapse. There was a high statistically significant increase in chemotactic response of the PMNs of psoriatics as compared with controls. The increase in chemotactic activity correlated positively with the activity of the disease but not with the extent of skin lesions. Very low values in some patients with longlasting and/or extensive lesions could depend upon the presence of inhibitory factors in plasma. The possible explanation for divergent results obtained by other authors could be due to the fact that various clinical parameters were not taken into account. PMID- 6625649 TI - First experiences with a high-resolution ultrasonic scanner in the diagnosis of malignant melanomas. AB - The use of high-resolution ultrasonic instruments with transducer frequencies above 8 MHz makes it possible to visualize malignant melanomas of a thickness of more than 0.7 mm. While the sonolucent structure has not permitted the dignity of a lesion to be judged to date, it is easy to determine the maximal tumor thickness as well as infiltration of the subcutis. Thus "low-risk" and "high risk" melanomas may be differentiated preoperatively according to these parameters. The results are of great use for the operator to plan the extent of his intervention, as well as to select patients for prophylactic regional lymphonodectomy. PMID- 6625648 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis to garlic (Allium sativum L.). Identification of the allergens: the role of mono-, di-, and trisulfides present in garlic. A comparative study in man and animal (guinea-pig). AB - Garlic (Allium sativum L.) water- and ethanol-soluble extracts were prepared and purified by column chromatography. They were tested on garlic-sensitive patients and showed that the allergenic fraction was well located in a few column chromatography fractions. Guinea-pigs were sensitized with garlic water-soluble extracts and tested (open epicutaneous tests) with several fractions. The presence of diallyldisulfide was detected in the sensitizing chromatographic fractions. Guinea-pigs were successfully sensitized to this product and cross reacted to garlic; animals sensitized to garlic extracts cross-reacted to diallyldisulfide. Both groups reacted to allicin, an oxidized derivative of diallyldisulfide present in garlic. Garlic-sensitive patients showed positive tests to diallyldisulfide, allylpropyldisulfide, allylmercaptan and allicin. PMID- 6625650 TI - Percutaneous penetration of hydrocortisone in humans following skin delipidization by 1:1:1 trichloroethane. AB - The effect of skin delipidization in humans on the percutaneous penetration of hydrocortisone was investigated in a cross-over trial. The delipidizing agent was 1:1:1 trichloroethane, a common industrial organic solvent. The findings do not show any significant difference in the topical absorption of hydrocortisone with and without skin delipidization. It was postulated that the natural skin barrier was reestablished by the metabolic cutaneous lipid regeneration concomitant with the absorption of the fatty ingredients from the cream. PMID- 6625651 TI - Adherence of Pityrosporum orbiculare to human stratum corneum cells. AB - This investigation demonstrates the capacity of Pityrosporum orbiculare to adhere to human stratum corneum cells in vitro; this may be an important initial step in its colonization of stratum corneum. Adherence was significantly higher when incubation for 120 min (mean 9.4 adherent yeasts) was compared to 60 min (mean 3.5 adherent yeasts, P less than 0.001), but not to 90 min (mean 8.6 adherent yeasts, P greater than 0.05). Adherence was higher at an incubation temperature of 37 degrees C (mean 10.0 adherent yeasts) as compared with 25 degrees C (mean 4.0, P less than 0.001), but not at 32 degrees C (mean 8.0, P greater than 0.1). There was no significant difference in adherence related to the anatomic area (forearm, back, and chest) from which the stratum corneum cells have been collected. No difference was seen in adherence between different Pityrosporum strains, but it increased significantly with inoculum size of P. orbiculare, being optimal at 10(7) cells ml-1. The adherence of P. orbiculare and Staphylococcus epidermidis to stratum corneum cells was not influenced by incubation of the organisms together or alone. This model opens possibilities to study the influence of: stratum corneum cells from diseased skin compared with controls; antibodies; and types of surface receptors and antimycotics on P. orbiculare adherence to stratum corneum cells. PMID- 6625652 TI - Effect of occlusion on resident flora, skin-moisture and skin-pH. AB - The effects of a 3-day test of an occlusion dressing of the forearm on the resident flora of the skin, relative skin-moisture and skin-pH were studied in 26 male and female volunteers. The geometrical mean values of coagulase-negative Staphylococci and Corynebacterium species increased five and four logs and decreased 1 day post occlusion only two logs. Relative skin-moisture increased from 20% to 75% under occlusion and decreased to 5% 24h after removal. Skin-pH increased from 4.9 to 7.1 and decreased to pH 5.2. Investigations of the resident flora should be made, if the influence of external, not antimicrobial active agents, is to be examined, because changes in the substrate can cause secondary changes in the resident flora. PMID- 6625653 TI - A proposal for staging malignant melanoma. PMID- 6625654 TI - Therapeutic effect of arotinoid Ro 13-6298 in psoriasis. PMID- 6625655 TI - Etretinate therapy and immune reactivity. PMID- 6625656 TI - The effect of PUVA or UVB treatment on the PHA responsiveness of peripheral lymphocytes in vivo. PMID- 6625657 TI - Selenite toxicity and mercury-selenium interactions in juvenile fish. PMID- 6625658 TI - Joint toxicity of mercury and selenium in salmonid eggs. PMID- 6625659 TI - Effects of suspended clay on bioconcentration of Kelthane in fathead minnows. PMID- 6625660 TI - Accumulation, sublethal effects, and safe concentration of a refined oil as evaluated with cutthroat trout. PMID- 6625661 TI - Cholinesterase inhibition of birds inhabiting wheat fields treated with methyl parathion and toxaphene. PMID- 6625662 TI - Exposure of spray applicators and mixer-loaders to chlorobenzilate miticide in Florida citrus groves. PMID- 6625663 TI - The acute toxicity of 1-methylaminoanthraquinone in dogs and rabbits and its metabolism in sheep. PMID- 6625664 TI - In vitro inhibition of rat oocyte meiosis by human follicular fluid fractions. AB - We studied the effect of low molecular weight fractions of human follicular fluid (FF1) on rat oocyte meiosis and progesterone secretion by the granulosa cells. Steroid-free FF1 extracts were filtered through Sephadex G50 gel. One highly retarded fraction was obtained (GF-3), which was either used for testing or further purified by filtration on Sephadex G10, the G10-3 fraction of which was used for experiments. The GF-3 and G10-3 fractions of FF1 inhibited (in a dose dependent and reversible manner) meiosis of isolated rat oocytes during a 4-h culture. Similarly treated fractions of serum had no effect. The inhibition was not abolished by ether extraction, trypsin treatment, heating to 56 degrees C for 1 h or boiling for 5 min, whereas heating to 105 degrees C for 18 h decreased the effect. Gonadotropin-stimulated progesterone secretion by cumulus and mural granulosa cells was also dose-dependently and reversibly inhibited by the GF-3 fractions. Our results confirm those obtained in earlier studies on porcine oocyte maturation inhibitor (OMI). PMID- 6625665 TI - A study of the treatment of ovarian carcinoma. AB - Between 1970 and early 1980, 213 patients were treated for ovarian carcinoma (stages Ib-IV) at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graz University Medical School. Until mid 1976 patients were given postoperative radiotherapy; after that they were given combination chemotherapy (adriamycin and cyclophosphamide) according to Lloyd or Parker [18, 20, 21]. An analysis of the results led to the following conclusions: The operability at primary surgery is of prime importance, the best survival rates (regardless of postoperative management) being obtained in those patients in whom it is possible to do a pelvic clearance (removal of uterus, tubes and ovaries) with omentectomy. In patients who were operable postoperative chemotherapy was markedly superior to radiotherapy in terms of 1 year survival. But only slightly superior at 2 and 5 years. On the other hand, in patients who had palliative surgery postoperative radiotherapy seemed to give slightly better survival figures. Patients with early carcinoma (up to stage IIa) survived longer than those with late stages of carcinoma (IIb-IV) whether operable or not). The histology of the tumour had no discernible influence on the result both of chemotherapy and of radiotherapy. The patients with endometrioid and mucinous carcinomas had the highest survival rates irrespective of the postoperative treatment. However, the patients with serous cystadenocarcinomas survived longer than those with immature solid carcinomas. Patients who had no tumour at a second-look operation lived longer than those who had tumour at this time. Patients whose tumour recurred after the completion of postoperative radiotherapy and who were then given chemotherapy had the highest survival rates regardless of whether nor not the carcinoma was originally operable. It is felt that radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy should be used routinely especially in patients with late stages of ovarian carcinoma. PMID- 6625666 TI - Sulprostone for preoperative cervical dilatation in primigravidae scheduled for late first trimester termination of pregnancy. AB - The cervix was primed with intracervical (intramural), i.m. or s.c. injections of Sulprostone in varying doses at various times before termination of late first trimester pregnancy in 170 primigravidae. Intracervical administration of Sulprostone (25-100 micrograms) 14-16 h before surgery required the lowest dosage and had no side effects. However, the highest dose of Sulprostone (100 micrograms) achieved a cervical dilatation to Hegar 7 or more in only 40% of patients. A cervical dilatation of Hegar 7 or more was achieved in 90% of the cases when 350 micrograms of Sulprostone was given i.m. 3-4 h preoperatively. PMID- 6625667 TI - Quantification of corticosteroid binding globulin by electroimmunoassay during human pregnancy. AB - Corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) was purified by one step positive immunospecific affinity chromatography and antibody to human CBG produced in goats. The goat anti-human CBG was used in the development of a precise rocket immunoelectrophoresis for CBG quantification. CBG levels measured by this assay were found to increase from 30 AU/ml to 100 AU/ml during pregnancy. There was no statistically significant association observed between levels of CBG, or circulating estriol, or pregnancy zone protein. Circulating CBG was estimated in 32 women with pregnancy associated hypertension, the levels were all within the normal range, and not significantly different from those seen in matched controls. PMID- 6625668 TI - Experience with an industrially manufactured gel PGE2 for cervical priming. AB - An industrially manufactured ready-to-use PGE2 gel for cervical ripening was clinically evaluated. The study included 42 primiparous and eight multiparous women with an unfavourable cervix (Bishop score less than or equal to 5) admitted to hospital for induction of labour on medical grounds. PGE2, 0.5 mg, in 2 ml triacetin gel was instilled into the cervical canal. In nine patients (18%) the gel induced labour and subsequent delivery. In the remaining women the mean Bishop score increased from 3.0 to 7.7 during a 24-h period and labour was induced by either i.v. oxytocin or PGF2 alpha. None of the 50 patients experienced gastrointestinal side effects during pretreatment with PGE2. In 50% of the patients slight uterine contractility was noticed. All patients went into labour. The incidence of Cesarean section was 10%. Except for two patients treated because of intrauterine fetal death there was no perinatal mortality. The 5-min Apgar score was 8 or more in all newborn but 1. The main advantage of the new gel is that it is ready to use without any mixing procedure. Moreover, the stability of PGE2 is sufficient to allow routine clinical use. PMID- 6625669 TI - [Agranulocytosis in the Barcelona area. Results of 2 years' follow-up]. PMID- 6625670 TI - [Drug information sources used by doctors and pharmacists]. PMID- 6625671 TI - [Bone marrow aplasia in the Barcelona area. Result of the 1st 2 years of follow up]. PMID- 6625672 TI - [Rifampicin levels in cerebrospinal fluid in meningeal inflammation]. PMID- 6625673 TI - [The in vitro interaction between human albumin and cephazolin]. PMID- 6625675 TI - [Statistical evaluation of the toxic effect of p,p'-DDT in NMRI mice]. PMID- 6625674 TI - Changes in clonidine effect on longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus strip preparation by morphine treatments. PMID- 6625676 TI - [Kinetics of mexiletine distribution in the rat]. PMID- 6625677 TI - [Monitoring of anticoagulant treatment in patients with cardiac valvular prostheses]. PMID- 6625678 TI - [The nature of drug consumption in Spain in the last 10 years]. PMID- 6625680 TI - [Selection of essential medication--an alternative for developed nations?]. PMID- 6625679 TI - [Monitoring of plasma theophylline levels in asthmatic patients treated with oxtriphylline]. PMID- 6625681 TI - [Ultrasonography and bladder neoplasms: our experience]. PMID- 6625682 TI - [A calcium sulfate calculus of renal origin. A verifiable observation?]. PMID- 6625683 TI - [Ion-exchange substances in the prevention of recurrence of calcium kidney stones]. PMID- 6625684 TI - [Results of a new technic and a new catheter for locating the origin of idiopathic microscopic hematuria]. PMID- 6625685 TI - [Diagnosis of bilateral agenesis of the vas deferens]. PMID- 6625686 TI - [Non-functioning adrenal myelolipoma in a hypertensive patient with renal artery stenosis]. PMID- 6625687 TI - [Calcified papillary necrosis as the nucleus for a calculus]. PMID- 6625689 TI - [Primary retroperitoneal tumors. Apropos of 11 cases]. PMID- 6625688 TI - [Interstitial infiltration in the kidney (pyelo-interstitial reflux)]. PMID- 6625690 TI - [Blind cranial bifid ureter: 5 new cases]. PMID- 6625691 TI - [Apropos of 3 cases of scrotal gangrene]. PMID- 6625692 TI - [Bladder adenocarcinoma]. PMID- 6625694 TI - [Varicocele and infertility: surgical indications]. PMID- 6625693 TI - [Testicular biopsy in scrotal varicocele]. PMID- 6625695 TI - [Unilateral multicystic renal dysplasia, Potter's type IIA]. PMID- 6625696 TI - [Renogluteal fistula caused by calculous pyonephrosis: surgical procedure]. PMID- 6625697 TI - [Cutaneous metastasis of prostatic cancer]. PMID- 6625698 TI - Children with juvenile chronic arthritis: their beliefs about their illness and therapy. AB - Seventy-five patients aged 7 to 17 with juvenile chronic arthritis were interviewed to identify their beliefs about the physical nature of their illness and the relevance and modes of action of their clinical treatment. Children in the 7-11 age group were found to perceive their arthritis largely in terms of its immediately manifestations, to have little conception of internal pathology, and to be less aware of the value of their medical therapy. Children in the 12-17 age group showed a greater tendency to recognize arthritis as a condition of internal pathology, to experience distressing fantasies about the internal appearance of their affected joints, and to appreciate the purpose of their therapy. PMID- 6625700 TI - Arthritis and angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. AB - We report 2 contrasting cases of a seronegative polyarthritis associated with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILD). Both cases were nonerosive, with symmetrical involvement of the elbows, wrists, knees, and ankles. In one the arthritis appeared concurrently with the main systemic manifestations of AILD. The second presented with polyarthritis 18 months before the onset of AILD. This patient received azathioprine for 11 months before developing AILD, which raises the possibility of this drug being the causative agent. PMID- 6625701 TI - Musculoskeletal disorders in patients with hyperlipidaemia. AB - We have assessed the nature and significance of musculoskeletal disorders in 166 patients with the commonly encountered forms of hyperlipidaemia attending a lipid clinic. The incidence of musculoskeletal disorders was determined by questionnaire to the patients, inquiries to general practitioners, and a review of hospital records. To ensure the sensitivity of these methods a series of negatively responding cases were seen and examined; none had identifiable musculoskeletal disease. Eight males with type IV hyperlipidaemia had recurrent acute attacks of gout. The only other musculoskeletal disorder possibly attributable to an association with hyperlipidaemia was a transient polyarthritis in 3 patients. This was inflammatory, recurrent, but nondeforming, and involved the small joints of the hand. It did not require any specific therapy or lead to disability. We suggest that, while we have confirmed the association of type IV hyperlipidaemia and gout, there is little evidence for clinically significant arthritis being associated with other commonly presenting forms of hyperlipidaemia, although we accept that the rarely met homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia may also be complicated by a crystal arthropathy due to the presence of crystalline cholesterol in joints. PMID- 6625699 TI - The arthritis of Behcet's disease: a prospective study. AB - A prospective study of arthritis was performed in 47 patients with Behcet's disease followed up over a 47-month period (mean 19.25 months, SD 14.09). These patients had a total of 80 episodes of arthritis, which were analysed for joint distribution and symmetry, in 56 of which the duration could also be determined. Attacks were oligoarticular, affecting up to 4 joints per patient, 54 (68%) being monoarticular. Knees, ankles, and wrists were the most commonly involved joints. Involvement of spinal, shoulder, hip, and sacroiliac joints was rare. The arthritis was usually not deforming and subacute; 82% (46/56) of the attacks lasted for 2 months or less and 18% (10/56) for between 3 months and 4 years. The ESR was moderately elevated during the attacks. In 32 specimens the synovial fluid was inflammatory (cell count 14.7 +/- 10.1 x 10(9)/l), but in 19 (59%) a good mucin clot formed. Synovial biopsy in 12 patients revealed superficial ulceration, paucity of plasma cells, and in 5 instances lymphoid follicle formation. PMID- 6625702 TI - Ethnic difference in the prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - A retrospective study of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was carried out in Auckland, New Zealand, for the years 1975 to 1980 inclusive. One hundred and fifty-one patients were found of which 106 fulfilled the American Rheumatism Association criteria. There were 15 deaths. Age-adjusted prevalence rates per 100 000 were estimated for all cases at the end of 1980 as follows: white 14.6, Polynesian 50.63, and other 19.11. There was a preponderance of females in each ethnic group, average 87% of all cases. Age-adjustment mortality rates per million patient years were: white 2.5 and Polynesians 13.0. Survival curves for both ethnic groups were similar. The prevalence rate in New Zealand Polynesian is significantly higher than in white counterparts which confirms the observation that the disease is commoner in the pigmented races. PMID- 6625703 TI - Jejuno-ileal bypass arthropathy: its clinical features and associations. AB - Postoperative arthropathy has been reported in patients undergoing jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity. The true frequency of this complication, and its independence from preexisting joint disease and from osteomalacia have not been clearly established. Of 107 patients who had undergone jejunoileal bypass, and in whom osteomalacia had been excluded, 38 developed a distinctive arthropathy. This consisted of episodic polyarthralgia, and occasionally arthritis, affecting both large and small joints. The articular symptom complex was independent of other major postoperative complications and unrelated to metabolic disturbances consequent upon rapid weight reduction. Preoperative joint symptoms had a similar incidence in those who did and in those who did not subsequently develop the postoperative arthropathy. Reversal of the intestinal bypass was always associated with an immediate, complete, and permanent remission of arthropathic symptoms. PMID- 6625705 TI - Ultrasound has no anti-inflammatory effect. AB - The use of therapeutic ultrasound within the Health Service is widespread and growing. The most common indication is to reduce inflammation. We have tested the influence of ultrasound on a model of acute inflammation in the rat, and we have found a complete absence of any anti-inflammatory action. PMID- 6625704 TI - Leucocyte superoxide dismutase in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was measured in polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNLs) and mononuclear cells (MNCs) from 60 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in 15 controls. In all patients and controls SOD activity (U/mg protein) in MNCs was twice that in PMNLs. SOD activity in PMNLs and in MNCs from patients with RA was significantly higher than that in controls. SOD activity in PMNLs (but not in MNCs) from patients treated with corticosteroids was significantly higher than that from patients treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. There was no relation between SOD activity in both PMNLs and MNCs and either the patients' age, sex, duration of disease, serum immunoglobulin concentration, IgM rheumatoid factor, and copper level, or the degree of disease activity. PMID- 6625706 TI - Mode of formation of synovial villi. AB - Synovial tissue from 6 normal pigs and from 16 patients undergoing arthrotomy for joint disease was examined by dissecting microscopy. Scale models were constructed of 3 human synovial specimens from photographic magnifications of serial sections. Surface bridging and subintimal cavitation were observed, particularly in tissue from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. These features suggest that synovial surface projections (villi) do not form simply by outgrowth. Reference to original haematoxylin and eosin stained sections suggested that tissue splitting contributes to the formation of villi. PMID- 6625707 TI - Acute synovial rupture in Behcet's syndrome. AB - A patient with Behcet's disease presented with an acute synovial rupture of the knee that was initially diagnosed as a deep venous thrombosis. PMID- 6625708 TI - Osteonecrosis of the humerus related to pregnancy. AB - A case of osteonecrosis of the head of the humerus is described in which the only likely precipitant was pregnancy. The association of pregnancy and osteonecrosis is reviewed. This is the first reported case of osteonecrosis of the humerus alone associated with pregnancy. PMID- 6625709 TI - Wegener's granulomatosis complicated by diabetes insipidus. AB - We report a case of Wegener's granulomatosis complicated by cranial diabetes insipidus in which no evidence of local sinus erosion or intracranial granuloma was found. Unlike previously reported cases, the diabetes insipidus has not resolved despite successful treatment of the vasculitis. The patient is also unusual in that she had a prolonged 9-month prodromal period of seronegative polyarthritis before the appearance of typical systemic vasculitis and granuloma formation. PMID- 6625710 TI - HLA B5 and Behcet's disease. PMID- 6625711 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6625712 TI - Stab wounds of the anterior abdomen. Analysis of a management plan using local wound exploration and quantitative peritoneal lavage. AB - A management plan for stab wounds to the anterior abdomen incorporating local wound exploration and quantitative peritoneal lavage was applied to 572 patients. One hundred eighty-five of these patients presented with shock, peritonitis, or evisceration and underwent immediate exploratory laparotomy with the finding of an intraperitoneal organ injury in 183 (99%). The remaining 387 patients with a negative physical examination underwent exploration of the stab wound to determine fascial penetration. Wound exploration was negative in 151 of these patients and they were discharged from the emergency room. Two hundred thirty-six additional patients had penetration of the fascia and underwent peritoneal lavage. Ninety-two per cent of patients with lavage counts greater than 50,000 had an intraperitoneal organ injury. No patients with lavage counts less than 1,000 red cells had an organ injury. Forty-three per cent of patients in the intermediate group (1,000-50,000 RBCs/mm3) had an organ injury and 59% included penetration of a hollow viscus. An approach incorporating local wound exploration and quantitative peritoneal lavage followed by exploratory laparotomy for red blood cell counts greater than 1,000 should result in less than 10% negative laparotomies and no missed injuries. PMID- 6625713 TI - Coverage of the infected wound. AB - Fifty-four consecutive patients with chronic wounds were identified by the following criteria: (1) established infection for 6 months, (2) exposure of bone, mediastinum, or other vital structure, (3) mechanical and/or vascular limitations to delayed closure techniques, (4) no response to wound debridement in prolonged antibiotic therapy. These wounds were divided into four groups: osteomyelitis (21), pressure sore (17), soft tissue wound (10), and osteoradionecrosis (6). Wound treatment in all patients included debridement, muscle flap closure, and culture specific antibiotic therapy. These consecutively treated patients over a 4-year period presented with an average duration of chronic infection of 2.9 years. Ninety-three per cent of these patients after treatment have demonstrated stable coverage without recurrent infection with a minimum of 1 year and a maximum of 4.6 years follow-up. The results demonstrate safe, effective coverage (93% of patients) of chronic infected wounds associated with long bone and pelvic osteomyelitis as well as chronic perineal sinuses following proctocolectomy and osteoradionecrosis. Debridement with short-term (average 12 days) antibiotic therapy has been effective when muscle flap coverage is provided. PMID- 6625714 TI - Experience with latrogenic pediatric vascular injuries. Incidence, etiology, management, and results. AB - During a 32-month period, 79 extremities in 76 children (age 1 day-13 years, mean = 31 months) were evaluated with regard to iatrogenic vascular injuries. Prospectively, 42 children were studied pre- and post-cardiac catheterization. Ten of these children sustained vascular injuries (incidence = 24%). Thirty-four additional children were referred because of 35 iatrogenic vascular injuries as a result of transfemoral cardiac catheterization (n = 20), umbilical artery catheterization (n = 10), or recent surgery (n = 5). All 45 injuries were evaluated by lower extremity segmental Doppler pressure measurements in addition to routine physical examination at the time of injury and at frequent follow-up. An ankle/brachial pressure index (ABI) less than 0.9 was considered abnormal. Selected children (ABI less than 0.9 for greater than 30 days) underwent orthoroentgenograms to assess limb growth. The average ABI immediately following injury was 0.34 +/- 0.33. Thirty-four injuries were treated nonoperatively. Twelve injuries were excluded from further study due to death (n = 7) or being lost to follow-yp (n = 5). A return of ABI to normal was seen from 1 day to 2 years in 93% of children treated with heparin (n = 14) compared to 63% of children who were simply observed (n = 8) (p less than 0.10). The initial severity of ischemia did not correlate with the subsequent rate of improvement. Only patients with absent femoral pulses were selected for operative intervention, which consisted of aortic thrombectomy (n = 2), femorofemoral bypass (n = 2), femoral artery patch angioplasty (n = 1), or femoral artery thrombectomy (n = 7) with no mortality. Nine patients had immediate return of a normal ABI after surgery. A delayed return of ABI to normal occurred in the other two. Nine per cent of surgically treated children and 23% of nonsurgically treated children developed leg length discrepancies (0.5-3.0 cm) as a result of ischemia lasting greater than 30 days. Overall, 91% of the children in this series eventually regained normal circulation following injury and no child lost a limb. This study indicates that iatrogenic pediatric vascular injuries are common and can result in significant limb growth impairment. Immediate operative intervention is highly successful when the injury is proximal to the common femoral artery bifurcation and avoids the prolonged ischemia seen with nonoperative therapy. For more distal occlusions, heparin therapy provides better results than simple observation. Although therapeutic intervention for these injuries is generally successful, a limb length discrepancy rate of 14% mandates that indications for invasive vascular monitoring and diagnostic procedures be strict. PMID- 6625715 TI - The cause and treatment of pancreatitis associated with pancreas divisum. AB - Recurrent pancreatitis is more prevalent in the 4% of people with pancreas divisum (nonfused dorsal and ventral ducts), and it has been proposed that the pancreatitis is caused by stenosis at the orifice of the dorsal duct. We have treated 40 patients with pancreas divisum and proven or probable pancreatitis. The diagnoses were made by endoscopic pancreatography showing a foreshortened (less than 6 cm) ventral duct (Wirsung) and confirmed by postoperative pancreatograms showing the separate main duct (Santorini) emptying via the accessory papilla. Of these, 32 patients (25 men, 7 women, median age 30) had recurrent acute pancreatitis (22) or persistent pain (10) without chronic inflammation or fibrosis. Twenty-nine have been treated by transduodenal sphincteroplasty of the accessory papilla; 22 were stenotic (0.75 mm or less) and 7 nonstenotic. Among 25 patients observed for longer than 6 months after surgery, the relief of pain and pancreatitis has been good in 17, fair in 1, and poor in 7. There was no difference between accessory papillotomy alone (10-0-3) v papillotomies of both accessory and major papillae (7-1-4). Patients with stenosis (16-1-1) fared better (p less than 0.001) than those without stenosis (1 0-6). Those presenting with discrete attacks (12-1-2) also fared better (p less than 0.05) than those presenting with chronic pain (5-0-5). The other eight patients (two women, six men, median age 28) had chronic pancreatitis proven by pancreatography and surgical biopsy. In this group, treatment by sphincteroplasty of the accessory papilla failed, and seven patients eventually required a pancreaticojejunostomy (3), distal pancreatectomy (2), or total pancreatectomy (2). In pancreas divisum, pancreatitis is caused by stenosis at the accessory papilla of Santorini. There may be progression from recurrent acute pancreatitis to irreversible fibrosis in some cases. Sphincteroplasty is effective for recurrent acute pancreatitis, but ductal drainage or resection becomes necessary once chronic pancreatitis is established. A preoperative test for stenosis of the accessory papilla is needed to identify patients whose symptoms are genuinely caused by their pancreas divisum. PMID- 6625716 TI - Transduodenal sphincteroplasty. 5-25 year follow-up of 89 patients. AB - Between 1957 and 1977, 95 patients underwent transduodenal pancreatic sphincteroplasty (TPS) for a diagnosis of recurrent pancreatitis. Five to twenty five year follow-up was obtained for 89 patients (94%) and was analyzed by life table method. Short-term successful outcome was defined as relief of symptoms (e.g., pain) for one to three years; long-term successful outcome was defined as those patients who remained symptom-free at time of last follow-up. Operative mortality was 4.2% (4 patients). Fifty-six patients (66%) had a successful short term outcome. Of these, 13 patients had recurrence of symptoms: 7 occurred at 4 years, 5 at 5 years and 1 at 6 years. Preoperative factors associated with poor short-term outcome were previous upper abdominal surgery (X2 = 5.67, p less than 0.05) and frequent diarrhea (X2 = 6.18, p less than 0.05). Preoperative factors associated with poor long-term outcome were previous upper abdominal surgery (X2 = 7.82, p less than 0.01), heavy alcohol intake (X2 = 4.71, p less than 0.05), narcotic use (X2 = 5.68, p less than 0.05) and frequent diarrhea (X2 = 4.8, p less than 0.05). Morphine Prostigmin Test (MPT) was performed preoperatively in 78 patients (82%). A significantly greater proportion of patients with a rise in serum pancreatic enzymes secondary to MPT (MPT+) had a successful long-term outcome compared with those without such a rise (MPT-) (61% v 41%, X2 = 5.13, p less than 0.05). Furthermore, of the patients with a successful short-term outcome, 88% with MPT+ remained long-term symptom-free compared to 38.5% with MPT (X2 = 8.36, p less than 0.01). We conclude that TPS can be a successful operation for acute recurrent pancreatitis. Previous upper abdominal operations, signs of more advanced pancreatic disease, preoperative narcotic use and alcohol abuse, were associated with a worse outcome and probably associated with chronic recurrent pancreatitis. Preoperative use of MPT, coupled with accurate clinical history, defined groups with different short- and long-term prognosis after TPS. PMID- 6625717 TI - A clinico-physiological comparison of ileal pouch-anal and straight ileoanal anastomoses. AB - The ileal pouch-anal anastomosis improves clinical results after colectomy and mucosal proctectomy compared to the straight ileoanal anastomosis. The question was what physiologic changes brought about by the pouch led to the improvement. Among 124 patients who had had ileoanal anastomosis, 25 volunteered for a detailed clinicophysiologic evaluation. Fourteen had had the ileal pouch-anal operation a mean of 8 months previously, and 11 had the straight ileoanal operation a mean of 25 months previously. Both groups of patients had satisfactory anal sphincter resting pressures (mean +/- SEM, pouch = 68 +/- 8 cm H2O, straight = 65 +/- 9 cm H2O, p greater than 0.05) and neorectal capacities (pouch = 278 +/- 26 ml, straight = 233 +/- 36 ml, p less than 0.05), and all could evacuate spontaneously. However, the pouch patients had a more distensible neorectum (delta V/delta P pouch = 9.5 +/- 1.3 ml/cm H2O, straight = 4.9 +/- 0.9 ml/cm H2O, p less than 0.05) and smaller amplitude neorectal contractions (pouch = 36 +/- 5 cm H2O, straight = 90 +/- 13 cm H2O; p less than 0.05). We concluded that the pouch-anal anastomosis increased the distensibility of the neorectum and decreased its propulsive drive, and so improved clinical results. PMID- 6625718 TI - Survival and complications following ventricular assist pumping for cardiogenic shock. AB - Thirty patients (pts) have undergone ventricular assist pumping for up to 25.4 days (mean 6.8 days). Twenty-eight pts could not be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) after open heart operations and two pts sustained myocardial infarctions (MI), with cardiogenic shock unresponsive to medical therapy previous to surgery. Twenty-two pts required left ventricular assistance (LVA); 55% (12/22) were weaned from the pump and 32% (7/22) survived. Two pts required right ventricular assistance (RVA); both were weaned from the pump and survived. Six pts required right and left ventricular assistance (BVA) and none survived. Postoperative survival for program years 1976 through 1979 (14 pts) was 14% (2/14). Postoperative survival for program years 1980 through 1982 (16 pts) was 44% (7/16), reflecting improved pump insertion techniques (left atrial cannulation) and pt management. Since 1980, 12 pts have required LVA, nine have been weaned from the pump, and six pts have survived (50%). One pt has required RVA and has survived, and three pts requiring BVA did not survive. Seven pts have been alive and well 5, 9, 14, 19, 24, 30 and 36 months after surgery. Five are NYHA functional Class I status and two pts are NYHA Class II status. Current data indicates that single ventricular assistance in pts who cannot be weaned from CPB is "reasonable and therapeutic treatment to extend life." PMID- 6625719 TI - Operative therapy of malignant ventricular rhythm disturbances. AB - Pre- and postoperative electrophysiologic study (EPS), intraoperative cardiac mapping, and extended endocardial resection of scar (EER) has enabled us to identify subgroups among 94 patients who have had operation to control or prevent malignant ventricular arrhythmia. Operative mortality was 8.5% and cure or prevention of ventricular arrhythmia was accomplished in 92% of survivors. Group 1: 13 patients were resuscitated from "sudden death" due to ventricular fibrillation (VF). All had exercise-induced VF and/or ventricular tachycardia (VT). Preoperative EPS revealed no inducible VT/VF. All had coronary artery disease, without evidence of myocardial infarction (MI) or ventricular wall motion abnormality; all were cured with conventional myocardial revascularization. Group 2: 65 patients had MI with residual left ventricular wall motion abnormality, usually aneurysm. The malignant arrhythmia, either sustained VT (38 patients) or VF (27 patients), was inducible by EPS but not usually by exercise, and all were refractory to medical therapy. Treatment was operative mapping, aneurysmectomy, EER, and coronary revascularization. Operative mortality was 11.9%; 90% of survivors are arrhythmia free, off drugs; 10% are now drug responsive. Group 3: 3 patients without coronary disease had VT or VF caused by endocardial sarcoidosis or operative scar from a previous congenital heart operation. Treatment was EPS, operative mapping, and excision of abnormal endocardial scar with no operative mortality. Group 4: 13 patients underwent aneurysmectomy for indication other than arrhythmia, but had preoperative ventricular irritability which was not life-threatening. Operation was aneurysmectomy, prophylactic EER, and revascularization with no mortality and no postoperative arrhythmic events. After many years of unpredictable and unsatisfactory results from various empirical surgical approaches, the operative treatment of malignant ventricular arrhythmia is now based on sound electrophysiologic principles. PMID- 6625721 TI - Alterations in gastrointestinal emptying of 99m-technetium-labeled solids following sequential antrectomy, truncal vagotomy and Roux-Y gastroenterostomy. AB - Recent reviews have documented significant delayed gastric emptying following Roux-Y biliary diversion for alkaline gastritis. This study establishes the use of radionuclide imaging in the experimental model and evaluates the following: (1) gastric emptying following antrectomy with and without vagal denervation; (2) the effect of Roux-Y diversion on gastric and upper gastrointestinal emptying using animals as their own controls; and (3) the role of truncal vagotomy in the "Roux-Y delayed emptying syndrome." Upper gastrointestinal emptying was evaluated in 8 dogs using the radionuclide technetium 99 labeled egg white method with continuous visualization by gamma camera. Eight dogs underwent B-II antrectomy without vagotomy and were divided into two groups. Four underwent vagotomy, re evaluation, and Roux-Y diversion. Four underwent Roux-Y diversion first, re evaluation, then truncal vagotomy. Control dogs retained 65% +/- 4% (SEM) and 45% +/- 6% of ingested food at 2 and 4 hours, respectively. Following antrectomy only, rapid gastric emptying of radionuclide solid is observed with 35% +/- 7%, 16% +/- 4% and 7% +/- 4% retention and 2, 3, and 4 hours, respectively. Roux-Y antrectomy without vagotomy results in similar rapid gastric emptying. Truncal vagotomy following B-II antrectomy delays gastric emptying compared to antrectomy only. Truncal vagotomy and Roux diversion results in varied patterns of gastrointestinal emptying. Significant gastric retention and gastric and Roux limb retention are observed in 25% of trials. Significant Roux limb retention is observed in 45% of the group. Prior to vagotomy there is no retention or altered transit in the Roux limb. In general, no delay in gastrointestinal emptying is observed in the absence of vagal denervation. These data corroborate our clinical experience in observing both Roux and gastric retention following radionuclide evaluation in Roux-Y patients. PMID- 6625720 TI - Marfan's syndrome. Broad spectral surgical treatment cardiovascular manifestations. AB - Most patients with Marfan's syndrome have cardiovascular manifestations and complications of these abnormalities lead to death in 50% of patients by the age of 32. This report is concerned with the performance of 79 operations to control these problems in 41 patients during a 16-year period. There were 3 early deaths and 11 late deaths, with survival at 15 years in 62%. The cardiovascular manifestations assumed eight patterns of involvement, in brief, consisting of aneurysms of ascending aorta, mitral valve insufficiency, aortic dissection and dissecting aortic aneurysm, and degenerative distal fusiform aortic aneurysm. These lesions occurred in isolated form or in association with others, hence the larger number of patterns of involvement. Various methods were employed in treatment of aneurysms of the ascending aorta, which was associated with aortic valvular insufficiency in most. The most reliable method of controlling disease at this level was composite valve graft replacement of fusiform aneurysms and separate valve graft operation for dissections occurring in the previously uninvolved aorta. Isolated mitral valve insufficiency was relieved by standard mitral valve replacement and this operation could be safely combined with composite valve graft replacement of the ascending aorta. More distant aneurysms of the aorta, either degenerative or chronic dissections, were susceptible to reconstruction as employed in the nonMarfan patient. Treatment of multiple lesions was staged, treating the more symptomatic condition first. Regular follow up examination is important in these patients to detect new lesions and to evaluate known lesions. An aggressive approach is suggested in their treatment because 63% of the 11 late deaths in this series were due to lesions that could be successfully treated by presently available methods. PMID- 6625722 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance for the differentiation of benign and malignant breast tissues and axillary lymph nodes. AB - We have utilized proton T1 (spin-lattice relaxation time) values of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance to study 110 tissue samples obtained from 11 mastectomy specimens. Samples of 1 cm3 from primary tumor sites, nipples, and other breast quadrants, as well as intact lymph nodes were studied and then histologically scored for the presence or absence of carcinoma and, if present, whether it was an isolated microscopic focus (micro). Of 54 samples of breast tissue, 12 contained carcinoma, 5 micro: of 45 lymph nodes, 15 contained metastatic carcinoma, 2 micro; of the 11 nipples, 2 had carcinoma, both micro. For the malignant samples (excluding micro) mean T1 value was 0.47 +/- 0.07 sec, (range 0.39-0.79 sec). For the 72 benign samples (excluding nipple) mean T1 value was 0.26 +/- 0.03 sec (range 0.14-0.36 sec). The 13 tumor-bearing nodes had a mean T1 value of 0.47 +/- 0.03 sec (range 0.40-0.63 sec); mean for the benign nodes was 0.26 +/- 0.007 sec (range 0.19-0.35 sec). The differences were highly significant in each case (p less than 0.001). For micro examples, T1 values were at malignancy threshold levels or just below, except for nipple tissues, where discrimination was poor. For the 20 other malignant samples, there was no correlation between T1 value and the per cent of sample containing malignancy. PMID- 6625724 TI - The blood schizontocidal action of erythromycin against Plasmodium knowlesi infections in Macaca mulatta. AB - Chloroquine-induced pigment clumping (CIPC) in vitro in Plasmodium knowlesi is inhibited by 7.3 micrograms ml-1 erythromycin. P. knowlesi infections in rhesus monkeys were controlled by doses of erythromycin which gave similar serum levels of the antibiotic. The antimalarial effect was complete but temporary, and recrudescences were noted. PMID- 6625725 TI - An outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Guyana: epidemiology, clinical and laboratory aspects. AB - An outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis reached epidemic proportions among military personnel in Guyana during the period from November, 1977 to March, 1980. As the patients presented from widely separated areas of the hinterland it is likely that cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic throughout the virgin tropical rain forest of Guyana, although infection is normally sporadic. A striking clinical feature was the 'spirotrichoid' involvement of the draining lymphatics and nodes in half the cases, which histologically all came from the middle region of the spectrum (groups II, III or IV of Ridley's 1980 classification). All the cases tested were serologically positive to a Leishmania braziliensis antigen. One hundred and ten patients were successfully treated with pentamidine, with minimal side-effects, but some required a second course. Four relapsed patients all belonged to the same histological group. PMID- 6625723 TI - Barrett's esophagus. Comparison of benign and malignant cases. AB - Using strict criteria for diagnosis, 23 patients having benign Barrett's esophagus, and 20 patients with adenocarcinoma arising in this epithelium have been analyzed. Evidence supports severe gastroesophageal reflux as a cause of Barrett's esophagus. Successful antireflux surgery leads to stabilization and possibly regression of the dysplasia in Barrett's epithelium, and can be followed by squamous epithelial regeneration in some. Antireflux surgery is advocated in all patients with Barrett's esophagus demonstrated to have abnormal reflux regardless of symptoms. The malignant potential of the columnar epithelium is higher in men who smoke, in patients with intestinal-type metaplasia who continue to have severe reflux, and in patients who develop dysplasia. In those with high grade dysplasia, the probability of carcinoma is high and esophagectomy should be seriously considered in the hopes that the pathological stage of the neoplasm is still favorable. PMID- 6625726 TI - The effect of congenital and adult-acquired Toxoplasma infections on the motor performance of mice. AB - Motor performance was assessed in three groups of mice infected with Toxoplasma. One group was infected when adult. Two groups were infected congenitally: the first was born to dams infected during gestation and the second to dams which were chronically infected prior to mating. All mice were placed individually on a rotating cylinder and the number of falls from it noted over a two-minute period. Infected mice fell significantly more often than uninfected controls. The difference was independent of emotionality (as measured by defaecation) and general body health (as measured by body weight and a subjectively assessed health rating). There was no significant difference in motor performance between the two congenitally infected groups. However, the offspring of mice infected during pregnancy fell significantly more often than mice infected when adult. There were no significant correlations between motor performance and the actual number of Toxoplasma tissue cysts in the brains (or in separate defined sectors of the brains) of infected mice. We suggest that differences between infected and uninfected mice result from pathological changes caused by proliferating toxoplasms in the brains of infected mice. An immunopathological reaction due to the presence of the tissue cysts may also be involved. Other possible factors contributing to observed deficits in motor performance of infected mice are discussed. We suggest that such interference with the motor performance of Toxoplasma infected mice may render them more susceptible to predation by the domestic cat, the definitive host of Toxoplasma. PMID- 6625727 TI - Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in a tropical environment. AB - Electron microscopy of renal biopsy material from 50 patients with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis treated in a southern Indian hospital, showed a low prevalence of type 2 (dense deposit) disease. Eosinophilia was seen in more than one-third of the 41 patients with type 1 disease. Associated diseases and possible sources of chronic antigenaemia found in some patients included: streptococcal infection, Bancroftian filariasis, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, hepatitis B surface antigenaemia and lepromatous leprosy. PMID- 6625728 TI - Amoebic liver abscess: serum immunoglobulins and complement in Northern Nigerian patients. AB - Immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM and IgD) and complement components of both the classical and alternative pathways (C1q, C3 and C4, and factor B) were measured in the sera of 15 Nigerian patients with proven amoebic liver abscess and compared with 30 age-matched controls. IgA, C3 and factor B were significantly higher in amoebic liver abscess patients. The differences in IgG, IgM, IgD, C1q and C4 levels between patients and controls were not significant. PMID- 6625729 TI - A field trial using praziquantel (BiltricideR) to treat Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium infection in Gezira, Sudan. AB - A field trial was conducted in the Gezira, Sudan, to evaluate the acceptability and efficacy of praziquantel, a new schistosomicide. In one Arab village 350 patients with Schistosoma mansoni were randomly assigned to two treatment groups and given 1 X 40 mg kg-1 (Group A) or 2 X 20 mg kg-1 given four to six hours apart (Group B). In two small settlements (camps) 2 km distant from the Arab village 38 patients with S. mansoni and 43 with concurrent S. mansoni and S. haematobium infections were given 1 X 40 mg kg-1. Side effects were mild and limited to the first 24 hours after treatment. The main complaints were abdominal pain, diarrhoea, urticaria and/or vomiting and were most common in the camp residents (79%) with 60% of Group A and 45% of Group B having one or more side effects. One month after treatment 'cure' rates were: Camps 63%, Group A 84% and Group B 96%, and the reduction in egg output was over 95%. After 12 months re infection was greater in the camps. As there was no significant difference in the egg output reduction between the two treatment regimes, praziquantel is recommended for mass chemotherapy in Gezira at the logistically simpler regimen of 1 X 40 mg kg-1. PMID- 6625730 TI - Necator americanus infection: a longitudinal study of an urban area in Nigeria. AB - A longitudinal study was carried out in Owerri, capital of Imo State, Nigeria, to assess the pattern of Necator americanus infection during a 27-month period. The mean annual prevalence fell from 59.0% in 1978, to 55.5% in 1979 and 51.1% in 1980. The egg count (apparent intensity of infection) fell in a similar pattern. Maximum and minimum conversion rates were 55.2 and 13.7%, respectively, and conversion rates fell by approximately 20% between 1979 and 1980. The highest reversion rate was 55.0% between 1979 and 1980. The population density of available third-stage larvae fluctuated seasonally and this was significant in determining the pattern of infection. PMID- 6625731 TI - Protective effect of snake venom antibodies in sera of previous snake bite victims. AB - Three out of seven serum samples from Ecuadorian Indians had very high antibody levels against Bothrops nasutus venom, and IgG concentrates of these sera effectively neutralized this venom when subsequently injected into mice. It is concluded that the high mortality rate among these Indians would be even higher if there were not such natural protection. Further research into active immunization of humans should be encouraged. PMID- 6625732 TI - Vector--parasite relationships: the effect of Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense on Glossina pallidipes. AB - An electron microscope study was made on the infection by Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense of the tsetse fly Glossina pallidipes. Infected flies showed many clear abnormalities in their gut cells and peritrophic membrane. These features are described and illustrated. PMID- 6625733 TI - Hydatid disease in children and youths in Mosul, Iraq. PMID- 6625734 TI - Inadequacy of the dissection method of estimating trypanosome infection rates. PMID- 6625735 TI - Combined approach to "dumbbell" intrathoracic and intraspinal neurogenic tumors. AB - The unexpected finding of an extension of a neurogenic tumor from the thorax through the spinal foramen into the neural canal complicates its removal. Serious neurological complications may result from a two-stage approach, whether done first through the thorax or neural canal. Vertebral tomography or computed tomographic scanning reveals enlargement of a spinal foramen in advance of operation. Myelography confirms the probable presence of an intraspinal component. Four patients have been operated on using an approach designed to allow wide posterolateral thoracotomy and concomitant laminectomy for single stage removal of the entire tumor. In 3 patients the diagnosis was schwannoma and in 1, neurofibroma. All had good results. PMID- 6625736 TI - The human tumor clonogenic assay in the treatment of patients with lung cancer. AB - The human tumor clonogenic assay has allowed the growth of human tumor cells and their testing to chemotherapeutic agents in vitro in a manner much like bacterial antibiotic sensitivities. This report deals with the in vitro test results compared with the in vivo therapeutic sensitivities of human lung cancer. Three hundred twenty-six lung tumor specimens from either primary or metastatic disease were plated using a two-layer technique. Of these, 68% (223) were grown and 41% (133) were applicable to chemosensitivity testing. Only 28 patients were considered for a retrospective analysis of in vitro tumor sensitivity versus in vivo tumor response to chemotherapeutic agents. Among them the percentage of true positives for the assay was 60%, while the percentage of true negatives was 91%. This technique has been encouraging in its initial stages and, with further development, may have an expanding role in the treatment of patients with lung cancer. PMID- 6625737 TI - Experimental and clinical assessment of the adequacy of partial bypass in maintenance of spinal cord blood flow during operations on the thoracic aorta. AB - We studied both experimentally and clinically the efficacy of partial bypass techniques in maintaining spinal cord blood flow and physiological function during surgical procedures on the thoracoabdominal aorta. We attempted to define the level of distal aortic pressure required to safely ensure normal neurological function in the absence of critical intercostal occlusion. Six dogs underwent left thoracotomy with baseline measurements of spinal cord blood flow and spinal cord impulse conduction (somatosensory evoked potentials). Following exclusion of the entire descending thoracic aorta from the left subclavian artery to the T-13 level, partial left atrium-femoral artery bypass was instituted, and baseline levels of proximal and distal aortic pressure were maintained during a 30-minute stabilization period. Mean distal aortic pressure then was progressively altered at 30-minute intervals to 100, 70, and 40 mm Hg. Measurements of spinal cord blood flow and somatosensory evoked potential were repeated at the end of each interval for comparison with baseline. No significant changes in spinal cord blood flow or somatosensory evoked potential were observed in any animal with a distal aortic pressure greater than or equal to 70 mm Hg. With a pressure of 40 mm Hg, normal flow and somatosensory evoked potentials were maintained in 5 of the 6 dogs. Loss of somatosensory evoked potential, with simultaneous loss of spinal cord blood flow at the T-6 level, occurred in 1 dog. Restoration of distal aortic pressure to 70 mm Hg in all animals resulted in immediate return of somatosensory evoked potential. Loss of somatosensory evoked potential routinely occurred in animals with a distal aortic pressure less than 40 mm Hg. Clinically, 9 patients have undergone operation for lesions of the thoracoabdominal aorta using shunt or bypass techniques. Normal somatosensory evoked potentials were preserved in 7 patients with maintenance of adequate distal aortic pressure (greater than or equal to 60 mm Hg) without evidence of postoperative neurological deficit. Two patients showed hypotensive somatosensory evoked potential loss (distal aortic pressure less than 40 mm Hg). Prolonged distal hypotension (85 minutes of aortic cross-clamping) in the latter resulted in paraplegia. We conclude that maintenance of a distal aortic pressure greater than 60 to 70 mm Hg will uniformly preserve spinal cord blood flow in the absence of critical intercostal exclusion. Should distal aortic pressure be inadequate, early reversible changes in the somatosensory evoked potential will alert the surgeon. Failure to institute measures to reverse these changes may result in paraplegia. PMID- 6625739 TI - Intracardiac surgery in pregnant women. AB - A survey of members of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons was undertaken to obtain information on experiences with cardiac operations in pregnant women. The experiences reported were highly successful, with only 1 maternal death in 68 procedures utilizing cardiopulmonary bypass and more than 80% survival of fetuses. Cardiac operations in pregnant patients probably can be made safer by avoidance of perfusion hypothermia and by use of fetal heart and uterine monitoring. When valve replacement is necessary, use of biological valves is recommended to avoid the necessity for anticoagulation. PMID- 6625738 TI - The effectiveness of venoarterial perfusion in treatment of arterial air embolism during cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - In an experimental study using 6 pigs, the clinical situation of accidental air embolism was mimicked by introducing a known amount of pure nitrogen into the aortic perfusion line during standard hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. The treatment after embolization consisted of 15 minutes of perfusion flow reversal. A special device was built to enable quantitative assessment of the amount of gas that escaped through the aortic cannula during venoarterial perfusion. This showed that only 47% of the injected gas bolus could be removed from the circulation. However, microscopic and histological examinations of the brain of each pig one week post-operatively did not reveal trapped gas or ischemic tissue damage. It is concluded that hyperbaric treatment after a clinical accident involving air embolism should be used if the embolus has reached the periphery before flow reversal can be effected. Since over 50% of the amount of gas introduced into the vasculature may remain behind even after prolonged venoarterial perfusion, ischemic damage of organs is still possible. PMID- 6625740 TI - Pregnancy and mechanical valve prostheses: a high-risk situation for the mother and the fetus. AB - Thirty-eight women with mechanical valve prostheses had a total of 47 pregnancies. All patients were on oral anticoagulants before pregnancy. A high incidence of complications was seen in both the mothers and the fetuses. The rate of spontaneous abortion was 23.4% (11/47), and 2 of the 36 newborns had chondrodysplasia punctata. Three of the women (7.9%) had acute valvular thrombosis; 1 died after replacement of the thrombosed valve. Thus, the overall mortality for the series was 2.6%. More complications were observed in the fetuses and infants of women treated with oral anticoagulants during pregnancy than in women treated with heparin. However, the mothers had more complications with heparin anticoagulation. Neither heparin nor oral anticoagulants clearly proved superior as the anticoagulation regimen of choice for pregnant women with mechanical valves. Counseling before conception occurs and avoidance of pregnancy are recommended for women with mechanical valve prostheses because of the high risk of serious or fatal complications in the mother and fetus. Use of tissue valves in women of childbearing age who desire to have children also seems advisable, even with the possibility of having to undergo another operation as a result of degeneration of the valve tissue. PMID- 6625742 TI - Surgical treatment of absent pulmonary valve syndrome in infants: relief of bronchial obstruction. AB - Congenital absence of the pulmonary valve is usually associated with a malalignment type of ventricular septal defect as well as right ventricular outflow obstruction and aneurysmal dilatation of the pulmonary arteries. Symptomatic infants primarily have severe tracheobronchial obstruction caused by aneurysmal dilatation of the proximal pulmonary arteries; pulmonic and systemic blood flow are usually balanced. Surgical intervention to relieve the obstruction by plicating the pulmonary artery and its branches under deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest, together with patch closure of the ventricular septal defect, is advocated. PMID- 6625741 TI - Neonatal lung abscess: resection using one-lung anesthesia. AB - Three neonates with lung abscess unresponsive to antibiotic therapy underwent successful resection of infected lobes with the aid of one-lung anesthesia. This was accomplished by selective endobronchial intubation of the opposite lung and obstruction of the ipsilateral main bronchus with a Fogarty balloon-tipped catheter. This valuable technique provides protection against tracheobronchial spillage of purulent material and results in the rapid recovery of these seriously ill neonates. PMID- 6625743 TI - Multipurpose pulmonary artery catheter. PMID- 6625745 TI - Chylopericardium. PMID- 6625744 TI - Pulse-transit sonomicrometry. PMID- 6625746 TI - Comparative silver staining patterns of water buffalo, goat, and pig spermatozoa. AB - Spermatozoa from river and swamp water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), goat, and pig were stained using a silver nitrate procedure and examined under bright field optics. The silver nitrate differentiated many detailed morphologic features of the head, midpiece, and tail of spermatozoa between the species studied. Acrosomal integrity due to sperm injury or aging and various sperm abnormalities were also clearly identified by silver nitrate. Silver staining patterns revealed species-specific and strain-specific differences, particularly of the sperm head. The biochemical basis of silver staining has been attributed to the presence of sulphydryl and disulphide-rich proteins. The technique is relatively inexpensive, rapid, and repeatable and may be useful for biological research and evaluation of semen for artificial insemination. PMID- 6625747 TI - Thyroid gland and epididymal function in rats. II. Sperm motile efficiency. AB - The epididymis is controlled by the endocrine system and plays an active role in the process of spermatic maturation. In order to extend these studies, our investigations were focused on the relationship between the hypofunction of the thyroid gland and the motility of the caput, corpus, and cauda epididymal spermatozoa. The hypofunction was associated with decreasing sperm motility efficiency. In thyroidectomized rats injected with T-3, no sperm motility changes were observed. PMID- 6625748 TI - Treatment of asthenozoospermia by intratesticular testosterone therapy. AB - A single intratesticular injection of 0.5 cc of 50 mg/ml of an aqueous testosterone suspension was administered to 14 patients with asthenozoospermia. In 7 cases, injection was combined with ultrasound of 0.5 w/cm2 for 2 min weekly for 4 weeks. In another 4 cases, only ultrasound was applied. Intratesticular injection with or without ultrasound caused a significant increase of motility percentage. Sperm density improved in cases that were associated with oligozoospermia (less than 20 million/ml). Ultrasound therapy (0.5 w/cm2 for 2 min) used alone had no effect on semen parameters. Associated hormonal changes in blood plasma were evaluated. PMID- 6625749 TI - Vasectomy in langur monkeys (Presbytis entellus entellus dufresne). AB - The sex accessory gland functions were studied in 1-12 months vasectomized langur monkeys. Seminal plasma fructose did not change. Semen volume, magnesium, and citric acid decreased transitionally up to 6 months. A significant decrease in LDH and transaminases (GOT, GPT) following vasectomy indicated an altered secretory activity of the accessory sex organs. PMID- 6625750 TI - [Fibrinolysis. A method for protecting the ischemic myocardium]. PMID- 6625751 TI - [Radiologic indices and measurements in the evaluation of pulmonary artery hypertension in chronic obstructive lung disease]. AB - Radiologic indexes proposed as useful in the non-invasive evaluation of pulmonary arterial hypertension (HAP) were analyzed in a group of 35 patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (NOC) and secondary HAP (mean pulmonary artery pressure = 29 +/- 2 mmHg). Indices included the PL/T (L = point of union of the external border of the upper lobe artery with the pars interlobaris; PL = the sum of horizontal distances of the right and left L's to the midline: T = transverse diameter of the thorax), the width of the right pulmonary artery at the pars interlobaris (R) and the relation between R and the transverse diameter of the hemithorax (R/H). Our results were as follows: R index was abnormal (greater than 17 mm) in 25 out of 35 patients (71%). PL/T was found abnormal (greater than 38%) in 16 of the patients (45.7%). R/H was abnormal in 10 of the patients (28%). There was no correlation between any of the indexes, and the levels of HAP or pulmonary arteriolar vascular resistance nor the magnitude of lung over inflation or bronchial obstruction. We conclude that the proposed indexes are also of value in NOC with HAP. The width of the right pulmonary artery (R) will be abnormal in two-thirds of the cases with HAP and NOC. PMID- 6625752 TI - [The electrocardiogram in the univentricular heart]. PMID- 6625753 TI - [Pulmonary atresia with interventricular communication. Review of concepts]. AB - The purpose of this paper is to clarify the definition and anatomic characteristics of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect. This complex congenital cardiac malformation produces great controversy in the literature. We analyze some embryological aspects, the right ventricular outflow tract anatomy and pulmonary arterial pattern with the various patterns of collateral blood supply. A good understanding of these anatomic characteristics is of great importance in the hemodynamic and angiographic diagnostic procedures and in the planning of surgical correction. The differential diagnosis with other congenital heart diseases with single outlet from the heart is discussed. PMID- 6625754 TI - [Axial angiography in tetralogy of Fallot]. AB - We studied 15 patients with the diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot by means of conventional and axial angiocardiography. Axial studies were performed in the four chamber view (vertical and horizontal X-ray beams) and in the sitting-up view (vertical X-ray beam). With the right ventriculogram we analyzed the anatomic characteristics of this chamber, infundibular stenosis and the pulmonary branches. Left ventriculograms were performed in order to rule out other less common associated defects. In the sitting-up view we analyzed the characteristics of the right ventricular infundibulum and the pulmonary valve, artery and branches. None of our patients underwent aortography or coronary artery angiography. We conclude that utilization of axial angiocardiography is useful in tetralogy of Fallot because it permits a better appreciation of the anatomy of this malformation, the presence or absence of stenosis of the pulmonary branches and other less frequent associated defects. Aortography or coronary artery angiography must be performed in children in which the anatomy of the coronary arteries cannot be determined by either left or right ventriculograms. PMID- 6625755 TI - [Use of echocardiography in the diagnosis of atrial myxoma]. AB - The experience at the National Institute of Cardiology with atrial myxoma from 1944 to 1980 is presented; twelve patients were diagnosed, 8 females and 4 males, their age varied from 14 to 66 years. The tumor was inside the left atrium (LA) in 10 patients and in the right atrium (RA) in two. The diagnosis was confirmed by surgery or postmortem study. The symptoms and physical examination simulated mitral stenosis in the cases with myxoma of the LA, and pulmonary stenosis and Ebstein's anomaly in the two cases with RA myxoma. Symptoms of atrioventricular occlusion or embolic accident occurred by 5 patients and 3 of them died. The tumor was a postmortem discovery in the first cases, the next ones were an operatory surprise and the last ones were diagnosed by echocardiography. The advent of this technic has been definitive, all 7 patients studied by this method were diagnosed; in one the catheterism was interpreted as mitral stenosis and in other, during this procedure, cardiac arrest developed. The surgical removal of the tumor was successful in the nine patients that were operated. A correct and early diagnosis as well as an urgent surgical approach are necessary. With echocardiographic demonstration of the tumor, one patient died while he was waiting for surgical treatment. PMID- 6625756 TI - [Cardiopulmonary involvement in rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6625757 TI - [Cardiopathies and cardiomyopathies: conceptual confusion. Their classification and syndromatic, physiopathological and clinical expression]. PMID- 6625758 TI - Covalent modifications of chromosomal proteins during aging. AB - Covalent modifications of proteins introduce negative or positive charges into the molecules and thereby cause alterations in the ionic interactions of protein protein or DNA-protein complexes. Whereas modifications of histones largely affect the organization of chromatin, those of non-histone proteins are believed to be involved in the expression of genes. These modifications during aging have been reviewed here. The available data suggest that the extent of covalent modifications of histones and non-histone chromosomal (NHC) proteins change during aging and such modifications may have an important role in the differential expression of genes at different phases of life span of an organism. PMID- 6625759 TI - Mental disorders among the elderly. True prevalence and use of medical services. AB - 295 subjects aged 65 and older, chosen at random from three small-town rural communities in Upper Bavaria were questioned by psychiatrically trained physicians. At 9.2% the rate of the refusal was relatively low. Case identification was reached with the aid of the German version of the Clinical Psychiatric Interview developed by Goldberg et al. (1970) at the Institute of Psychiatry in London. In classifying the psychiatric diagnosis we used the ICD (8th revision). The true prevalence of those over 65 was 23.1%, whereby 8.8% suffered from organic mental diseases, 3.4% from functional psychoses and 10.9% from neuroses and personality disorders. 21.5% of those aged 65-74 and 29.0% of those over 75 showed mental disorders requiring treatment. The psychiatric morbidity for women, single, widowed and divorced persons was higher than average. Members of the lower social classes were not overrepresented. Most of the interviewers were under the care of a family physician, usually a general practitioner. We were able to obtain additional information for 269 subjects (91.2%) from this source. The case rate as determined by the general practitioners was slightly lower than that of the interviewers. However, there is a large number of cases who were not detected by either the interviewer or the general practitioner. Due to the multimorbidity among the elderly, the average annual use of private physicians is very high in comparison to the younger age groups. It was demonstrated that out-patient psychiatric services are greatly under-utilized by those over 65. A major reason for the low consultation rate of private psychiatrists among the elderly is the distance from the patient's home to the out-patient treatment facility. PMID- 6625760 TI - Halstead's studies in the neuropsychology of aging. PMID- 6625761 TI - Effect of parathyroidectomy on Sodium metabolism in DOCA-NaCl treated and spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Parathyroidectomy (PTX) lessens hypertension if performed on young SHR, and on Sprague-Dawley rats, one week before DOCA + NaCl treatment. PTX also increases diuresis and possibly sodium excretion. In this work, sodium balance was investigated during the onset of hypertension, since in SHR and DOCA + NaCl rats, sodium metabolism is related to the level of hypertension. Results show that sodium excretion is enhanced in PTX-DOCA rats immediately after DOCA treatment but lowered in PTX-SHR for 11 weeks. Nevertheless after PTX, sodium balance remains unchanged throughout the experiment. It appears that PTX does not lessen hypertensive development in both models via a decreased sodium balance. PMID- 6625763 TI - Effect of pretreatment with exogenous organic anions on biliary excretion in rats. AB - The effect of pretreatment with exogenous organic anions (rose bengal, amaranth, eosine, bromsulphthalein) on biliary excretion has been investigated in rats. Pretreatment with exogenous nonmetabolized organic anions (rose bengal, amaranth, eosine) had no significant influence on the biliary excretion of rose bengal, amaranth, eosine, bromsulphthalein and bromsulphthalein-glutathione conjugate. Pretreatment with bromsulphthalein, which is metabolized in the liver, significantly enhanced the biliary excretion of total bromsulphthalein due to stimulation of the conjugation of BSP with glutathione. Both the activity of glutathione S-transferase and the glutathione content in the liver were increased following BSP pretreatment. Pretreatment with rose bengal and eosine influenced neither the conjugation of bromsulphthalein with glutathione, nor the biliary excretion of total bromsulphthalein. These results indicate that the biliary excretion rate of exogenous organic anions cannot be increased by pretreatment with substrates of the hepatic transport system. The enhanced biliary output of total bromsulphthalein after bromsulphthalein pretreatment can be explained solely by stimulation of its conjugation with glutathione. PMID- 6625762 TI - The effects of gentamicin on tension responses to norepinephrine and KCl and Ca++ binding and fluxes in canine renal vein. AB - The relaxant and inhibitory actions of gentamicin (Gent) on norepinephrine (NE)- and KCl-induced maximal contractions were delineated in canine renal vein, and subsequently correlated with Gent-induced effects on 45Ca uptake and efflux. Gent is a more potent inhibitor than a relaxant of KCl-induced contractions, whereas the opposite relationship exists for NE-induced contractions. Gent extensively inhibits (100%) or relaxes (82%) KCl-induced contractions. Prior exposure to Gent depresses NE-induced contractions by 68% and changes the response from a maintained to a phasic one. The initial, rapid upstroke is decreased in rat and magnitude. Maximum NE-induced contractions are rapidly relaxed (78%) by Gent. Gent is rinsed out more rapidly than NE, resulting in a secondary, transient contraction, which is concentration-dependent and only partially inhibited by D 600. Gent increases efflux into a 0 Ca++ solution in a maintained manner. Ca++ binding at La+++-sensitive and La+++-insensitive sites exhibiting high or low affinity characteristics are decreased appreciably (30-49%) by Gent. The high degree of sensitivity of canine renal vein to Gent results from Gent-induced effects on superficial membrane Ca++ binding sites, which are of significant importance in excitation/contraction (relaxation) coupling in venous smooth muscle. PMID- 6625764 TI - Depressor effects, drug concentration and cholinesterase activities in the brain after administration of paraoxon in the cat. AB - After simultaneous administration of paraoxon into both the left and right vertebral artery (4-8 micrograms) or into a femoral vein (150-550 micrograms.kg 1) of the anaesthetized cat, dose-dependent drug concentrations are measured in various brain regions. These amounts induce inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase activity and dose-dependent depressor effects. Although paraoxon is rapidly eliminated from the CNS, enzyme activity remains at a low level. After central application of paraoxon into both vertebral arteries no detectable amounts are found in the hypothalamus and acetylcholinesterase activity in that brain region is not or only slightly affected. Curves representing the relationship between the decrease in blood pressure and the concentration of paraoxon or enzyme inhibition in the medulla oblongata are steep. Also, a steep dose-response curve for the depressor response to paraoxon is found. A reduction of brain enzyme activity to about 35% has no influence on blood pressure. However, inhibition by 65-100% induces dose-dependent depressor effects. The results support earlier findings that the depressor response to paraoxon is mediated by a central mechanism. This site of action is probably located within the medulla oblongata region. PMID- 6625766 TI - Tissue blood flow changes induced by propranolol infusion in conscious normotensive and renal hypertensive rabbits. AB - Using electromagnetic flowmetry and the radioactive microsphere method, systemic and regional haemodynamic variables in conscious normotensive and hypertensive rabbits were measured. Rabbits were made hypertensive by unilateral nephrectomy combined with cellophane wrapping of the remaining kidney. Systemic and regional haemodynamic effects of propranolol infusions (67 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 for 1 hr, equivalent to a total of 4 mg.kg-1) were compared in the two groups of animals. Propranolol reduced heart rate and cardiac output in both groups of animals studied. The drug only marginally decreased arterial pressure in the normotensive animals but did so more effectively in the hypertensive animals. The difference in the two groups was due to the fact that total peripheral resistance increased significantly in the normotensive but not in the hypertensive rabbits. Regional haemodynamic studies revealed that, in normotensive animals, propranolol decreased blood flow to, and increased vascular resistance in a number of tissues (heart, brain, stomach, mesentery). PMID- 6625765 TI - Investigation into the combined hepatotoxicity of rolitetracycline and ethinyloestradiol. AB - The effect of rolitetracycline (50 micrograms/g i.v.) alone or in combination with ethinylestradiol (0.1 and 1.0 micrograms/g s.c. once daily for 4 days) on liver function (BSP retention, serum GPT and SDH) and histomorphology was investigated in mice. Rolitetracycline alone increased liver weight, BSP retention and serum GPT levels. Ethinylestradiol at the lower dose tended to enhance the BSP retention and the morphological changes of the liver produced by rolitetracycline but had no additional effect on the serum GPT and on liver weight. In contrast, hepatotoxic effects of the higher dose of ethinylestradiol were not further enhanced by rolitetracycline. PMID- 6625767 TI - Variations in clinical practice patterns. PMID- 6625768 TI - Use of diagnostic resources in health maintenance organizations and fee-for service practice settings. PMID- 6625770 TI - Editorial reviewers: what is their function? PMID- 6625769 TI - Does chronic hypoxemia cause brain injury? PMID- 6625771 TI - Clinical implications of large vegetations in infectious endocarditis. AB - Thirty-four patients with clinical infectious endocarditis were examined by M mode and two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography. Vegetations were identified in 16 patients (47%) by M-mode and in 27 patients (87%) by 2D echocardiography. Vegetations identified by 2D echocardiography were categorized as small (less than 5 mm), medium (5 to 9 mm), or large (greater than or equal to 10 mm). Large vegetations were caused by a variety of organisms, had a higher incidence of surgery (44% v 0%), and had no increased incidence of stroke or death. The larger the vegetation, the more detectable it was by M-mode. Aortic valve vegetations were associated with a higher incidence of congestive heart failure (CHF) (67% v 14%) and stroke (44% v 9%). Four patients with large aortic valve vegetations had the highest complication rate; CHF developed in all four, two had valve replacement, one had a stroke, and two died. PMID- 6625772 TI - The role of alcohol in new-onset atrial fibrillation. AB - Forty cases of new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) were reviewed to establish the frequency of various causes. Alcohol intoxication caused or contributed to 14 cases (35%). Coronary artery disease (22.5%) and pulmonary disease (22.5%) were also common causes of acute AF. Among patients less than 65 years old, alcohol caused or contributed to approximately two thirds (63%) of the cases of AF. Thyrotoxicosis was uncommon (one case in 40); no patient had a diagnosis of mitral stenosis, pulmonary embolism, or pericarditis. There were no complications of AF in alcoholic patients; the majority (88.9%) converted spontaneously to a normal sinus rhythm within 24 hours. Alcohol intoxication should be considered early in the differential diagnosis of new-onset AF in young patients. Many patients may not require admission to an intensive care unit or a costly battery of diagnostic tests. PMID- 6625773 TI - Diagnostic test use in different practice settings. A controlled comparison. AB - Health maintenance organizations (HMOs) have lower than average medical care costs, but the reasons remain controversial. The diagnostic practices of cardiologists from an HMO, a university, and a community were therefore surveyed. First, cardiologists defined indications for coronary bypass surgery and then evaluated randomly selected case summaries of patients with chest pain. After review, the cardiologist rated the need for an exercise thallium scintiscan and for a coronary angiogram in each case. Community cardiologists had the broadest indications for bypass surgery. The HMO cardiologists chose thallium scintigraphy significantly less often than the other two types of cardiologists did. The HMO and university cardiologists both rated the need for coronary angiography significantly lower than did community cardiologists. Physicians in different practice settings therefore recommend costly diagnostic and therapeutic methods differently, even for identical patients. PMID- 6625775 TI - Analgesic nephropathy. An uncommon cause of end-stage renal disease. AB - The frequency of analgesic nephropathy as a cause of end-stage renal disease varies considerably, not only between countries but also between different areas in the same country. We questioned 277 hemodialysis patients in the Washington, DC, area regarding the consumption of analgesic preparations. Only eight (2.8%) of the patients consumed excessive quantities of analgesic compounds prior to institution of hemodialysis. In addition, three of the eight patients had other causes for their end-stage renal disease. We conclude that analgesic nephropathy is an unusual cause of end-stage renal disease in the greater Washington, DC, area. PMID- 6625774 TI - Thyroid disease in hemochromatosis. Increased incidence in homozygous men. AB - The thyroid function of 49 patients homozygous for the hemochromatosis allele was studied by measurement of serum thyroxine and thyrotropin concentrations. Of 34 homozygous men, three were found to be hypothyroid (thyroxine, less than 3.0 micrograms/dL and thyrotropin, greater than 40 ImU/mL) and one was hyperthyroid (thyroxine, 24 micrograms/dL). All 15 homozygous women had normal thyroid function. The hypothyroid patients had elevated titers of antithyroid antibodies. Histologic examination of the thyroid at autopsy of one hypothyroid patient showed notable iron accumulation and fibrosis with modest lymphocytic infiltration. The causative importance of iron deposition in thyroid diseases associated with hemochromatosis was suggested by the reversal of the usual sex ratio of thyroid dysfunction. Men with hemochromatosis had a much greater iron load than women, and they also had a surprisingly higher incidence of thyroid disease. Iron may have caused injury to the thyroid, followed by the development of antithyroid antibodies and hypothyroidism. The frequency of thyroid disorders in men with hemochromatosis is about 80 times that of men in the general population. PMID- 6625776 TI - Blood and extracellular fluid volume in patients with Bartter's syndrome. AB - Blood and extracellular fluid volumes were measured in four adult patients with Bartter's syndrome and compared with those of 21 healthy control subjects. Extracellular fluid volumes were significantly lower than in the control group ( 7%), whereas blood volumes were within the normal range. Consequently, the ratio of blood volume to interstitial fluid volume was significantly elevated (0.42 v normal 0.35). The results are consistent with the concept that a tubular reabsorption defect is present in Bartter's syndrome. PMID- 6625777 TI - Pseudomonas stutzeri bacteremia associated with hemodialysis. AB - Pseudomonas stutzeri bacteremia developed in six patients undergoing hemodialysis. Fever, shaking chills, nausea, and vomiting were observed. All patients recovered, although only two received specific antibiotic therapy. The infections occurred sporadically over a period of nine months. Pseudomonas stutzeri was subsequently isolated from the dialysate that circulates within the hemodialysis machine. The ultimate source was the deionized water that is combined with the liquid concentrate to form the dialysate. Pseudomonas stutzeri could be localized to the top cannister of the dialysis machine but was also isolated throughout the machine, including the bottom reservoir and the recirculating pump. The emphasis on handwashing, strict compliance with disinfection procedures, and elimination of prolonged sitting times for the filled machine after disinfection resulted in no further cases of P stutzeri infection. PMID- 6625779 TI - Total, dialyzable, and nondialyzable postabsorptive hydroxyproline. Values in patients with cancer. AB - The postabsorptive urinary total (T), dialyzable (D), and nondialyzable (ND) hydroxyproline (HYPRO) tests were evaluated to determine whether the patterns of excretion varied according to the predominance of osteoblastic v osteolytic bone involvement in 58 patients with neoplastic disease. In patients with osteolytic lesions from multiple myeloma, elevated T and D levels with normal ND HYPRO values were observed, along with elevated D/ND ratios. In prostate cancer, the T, D, and ND values were all elevated and the D/ND ratio was normal. Patients with Hodgkin's disease had elevated T, D, and ND HYPRO levels, and the D/ND ratio was in the range of patients with prostate cancer. The data suggest that these collagen markers may be useful in the long-term evaluation of these neoplasms in patients. PMID- 6625780 TI - Preliminary immunologic studies of ciguatera poisoning. AB - Preliminary immunologic studies of ciguatera poisoning were performed with serum samples from patients and extracts from both toxic and nontoxic fish. Counterimmunoelectrophoresis disclosed precipitin lines with toxic fish extracts and effectively discriminated between samples established as toxic or nontoxic on the basis of human toxic reactions and by an in vivo mouse bioassay. However, it is not currently possible to conclude that affected individuals had specific antibody to ciguatoxin, since putative immune and nonimmune serum samples gave equally clear precipitin reactions with toxic extracts. PMID- 6625778 TI - Antibodies to herpes simplex type 1 in patients with active duodenal ulcer. AB - One hundred seventy-two patients requiring upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy were examined prospectively for evidence of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection. No viruses were recovered from active ulcers (11 with duodenal and eight with gastric ulcers). Using both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and standard complement fixation methods, patients with endoscopically proved active duodenal ulcer had significantly higher mean serum antibody levels to HSV 1 (but not to cytomegalovirus) than those without evidence of peptic ulcer. Neither patients with a history of or evidence of past peptic ulcer nor those with active gastric ulcer had higher serum antibody levels to HSV-1 compared with subjects without ulcers. These data provide support for an association between active duodenal ulcer and HSV-1 infection, the nature of which is not defined by these studies. PMID- 6625781 TI - Psychologic effects of continuous and nocturnal oxygen therapy in hypoxemic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - The Nocturnal Oxygen Therapy Trial (NOTT) showed previously that patients with hypoxemic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) frequently suffered from neuropsychologic deficit and experienced disturbed mood, personality, and life quality. The present study has followed up 150 NOTT patients six months after they were randomized to continuous oxygen treatment (COT) or nocturnal oxygen treatment (NOT). Tested off oxygen, 42% showed modest neuropsychologic improvement after six months of therapy, and the rates for COT and NOT were comparable. A subsample (n = 37) was examined a third time, after 12 months of treatment. At this point patients receiving COT registered better neuropsychologic performance than those receiving NOT. Concurrently, the COT group began showing improved survival. Despite mild neuropsychologic improvement, patients reported little change in emotional status or life quality. It is concluded that prolonged oxygen treatment is associated with small but definite improvement in brain functioning among patients with hypoxemic COPD, and that COT might have some advantage over NOT in enhancing neuropsychologic functioning as well as survival. PMID- 6625782 TI - Present status of prosthetic cardiac valves. AB - Cardiac prosthetic valves have not yet reached the point of reliability and durability to be used for other than remedial purposes. In mitral valve disease, the prime targets are patients in whom medical treatment could not successfully reverse progressive clinical disability, or in whom less drastic mitral valve operations have failed. In aortic stenosis, the prime targets are patients with substantial cardiac symptoms. In aortic regurgitation, earliest indications of disability provide the timing for valve replacement. In this lesion, prophylactic operations in the absence of symptoms are often proposed. Such operations should be given the most cautious considerations. PMID- 6625783 TI - Problems in the handling of clinical and research evidence by medical practitioners. AB - There are important problems in the accuracy with which we collect, interpret, communicate, and apply clinical and relevant research evidence in the care of our patients. Many of these problems can be avoided or ameliorated by applying some specific measurement principles and information tools. The collection of clinical evidence can be improved by adhering to strategies that reduce observer error. The interpretation of clinical and paraclinical information can be improved by harnessing the predictive value of this information to estimates of the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic responsiveness of patients. Communication can be improved by replacing the ambiguous argot of clinical equivocation with a more precise terminology. The detection of both valid and useful new knowledge can be facilitated by applying some straightforward guidelines to the rapid critical appraisal of the medical literature. Finally, we can look to advances in information technology to help us become more consistent in providing the best possible care for our patients. PMID- 6625784 TI - Evaluating the conditions of patients with congestive heart failure by exercise testing. AB - To evaluate the conditions of patients with congestive heart failure and to follow up their response to therapy, investigators have used standard clinical classification systems and roentgenographic, ultrasonic, and scintigraphic evaluations of left ventricular function and volumes. While useful in the initial characterization of the patient's condition, many of these measurements are imprecise or detect only small changes after therapy. The functional capacity or cardiac reserve is best evaluated by measuring maximal oxygen consumption during a standard exercise protocol. Potential limitations of exercise testing in following up therapy include the effects of placebo, training, and posture, and the choice of submaximal or maximal testing. The efficacy of investigational inotropic or vasodilator therapy on the patient's central or peripheral circulations should also be measured by hemodynamic monitoring at rest and during exercise to determine the optimal therapy for a particular patient with heart failure. PMID- 6625785 TI - Pericardial tamponade in a patient with treated myxedema. AB - Pericardial tamponade developed in a patient with hypothyroidism and a pericardial effusion after she had been successfully treated with levothyroxine sodium. Refractory pericardial effusion is an unusual complication of treated myxedema. A possible mechanism for its occurrence is presented. PMID- 6625786 TI - Sweet's syndrome associated with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A case of Sweet's syndrome (acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis) is reported in a patient with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis. Although Sweet's syndrome has been described in association with leukemias, other malignancies, and a variety of inflammatory disorders, it has not been associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Sweet's syndrome is reviewed with regard to pathogenesis and associated diseases. PMID- 6625787 TI - Corynebacterium xerosis endocarditis. AB - Bacterial endocarditis due to Corynebacterium xerosis developed in a previously healthy person. Diphtheroid infection is a rare cause of endocarditis and, when present, it usually affects immunocompromised hosts or prosthetic valves. There are few reports of diphtheroid endocarditis on intact valves, and, to our knowledge, this is the first case in which the offending organism was identified as C xerosis. We call attention to the virulence of C xerosis in a person with no previous valvular disease. PMID- 6625788 TI - Lipid pneumonia with atypical mycobacterial colonization. Association with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. AB - Exogenous lipid pneumonia following bronchography occurred in a woman with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) whose bronchi had been colonized with Mycobacterium chelonei chelonei for the previous year. The lung biopsy specimen disclosed organisms within lipid vacuoles in the areas of lipid pneumonia, while caseating granulomas, the usual tissue reaction to pathogenic mycobacteria, were absent. These pathologic findings suggested that the infection with M chelonei was noninvasive, and we were able to continue the corticosteroid therapy that was necessary for control of the underlying ABPA. PMID- 6625789 TI - Aeromonas hydrophila myonecrosis and gas gangrene in a nonimmunocompromised host. AB - Aeromonas hydrophila myonecrosis with gas gangrene and bacteremia developed in an elderly patient after minor trauma from a fishbone. Despite aggressive medical and surgical therapy, she experienced a rapidly fatal outcome. Literature on Aeromonas muscle infection is reviewed and implications for therapy are discussed. PMID- 6625790 TI - Pulmonary infiltrates following butane 'fire-breathing'. AB - Rapidly progressive bilateral pulmonary infiltrates occurred in a 19-year-old man following an unusual hydrocarbon abuse. The acute illness was the result of a "trick" known as "fire-breathing." Fire-breathing involves filling the oral cavity with butane gas, from an ordinary butane cigarette/cigar lighter, and exhalation of the volatile vapors over an open flame producing a flame-throwing effect. Because of the pulmonary toxic reaction, this activity could have a serious or even fatal outcome. PMID- 6625791 TI - Factor V deficiency and its reversal with gluten restriction. In a patient with celiac disease. AB - Hemorrhagic manifestations in patients with celiac disease are uncommon and, when present, are usually due to a deficiency of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. A patient with celiac disease was seen with a severe bleeding diathesis associated with deficiencies of factor V. The deficiencies of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors were rapidly reversed with parenteral administration of phytonadione. Factor V levels returned to normal levels only after gluten restriction. PMID- 6625792 TI - Unusual pericardial calcification in Gaucher's disease. AB - Gaucher's disease is a hereditary metabolic disorder characterized by the abnormal accumulation of glucocerebrosides in reticuloendothelial cells. A 58 year-old man had Gaucher's disease and suffered from hypersplenism, cirrhosis of the liver, and free-floating calcifications in the pericardial space. The literature of the pericardial involvement in Gaucher's disease is reviewed. PMID- 6625794 TI - Abbreviations: an unnecessary hardship? PMID- 6625795 TI - Medical testing. PMID- 6625793 TI - Diabetic neuropathic cachexia. Report of a woman with this syndrome and review of the literature. AB - A 64-year-old woman was admitted to the neurology service complaining of lower extremity weakness and pain. She was found to have lost more than 180 kg in a 2 1/2-year period. In addition, she had mild diabetes. A diagnosis of diabetic neuropathic cachexia was made. Not only is this case remarkable for the massive weight loss, but, to our knowledge, this is the first report of this syndrome in a woman. PMID- 6625796 TI - Prazosin-induced bradycardia in acute treatment of hypertension. PMID- 6625797 TI - BP and hypertension. PMID- 6625798 TI - Lactate dehydrogenase isozyme 1. PMID- 6625799 TI - Histoplasmosis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): diagnosis by bone marrow examination. PMID- 6625800 TI - Nifedipine in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 6625801 TI - Sequestered substernal goiter. PMID- 6625802 TI - [The first phase of development of the choroid plexus in the fourth ventricle of the chick embryo]. PMID- 6625803 TI - [The vocal muscle]. PMID- 6625804 TI - [Ultrastructural characteristics of the ileum and colon tunica muscularis in the rat. A: Inner portion of the stratum circulare]. PMID- 6625805 TI - The mastocytes in the lymphatic organs of the rat. PMID- 6625806 TI - [The Endocrine cells of chick intestines during pre- and postnatal development. Histochemical research]. PMID- 6625807 TI - [Morphological data on the esophagus and stomach of amphibia]. PMID- 6625808 TI - [Acute postoperative lesions of the gastric mucosa]. PMID- 6625809 TI - Clinical experience of the upper midline abdominal incision with the sternum splitting transmediastinal incision. PMID- 6625810 TI - The role of trace elements in gallstone formation. PMID- 6625811 TI - Glucose intolerance after major hepatic resection: its mechanism and clinical meanings. PMID- 6625812 TI - Ultramicrostructural study of intravenous fat emulsion using a new fixation method. (I). A comparative study on the effect of fat emulsion to red blood cells between short time infusion of intravenous fat emulsion and the one-pack infusion method. PMID- 6625813 TI - Ultramicrostructural study of intravenous fat emulsion using a new fixation method. (II). A comparative study on the effect of fat emulsion to the spleen between short time infusion of intravenous fat emulsion and the one-pack infusion method. PMID- 6625814 TI - [Sequential histological changes of the brain tissue around the experimental intracerebral hematoma]. PMID- 6625815 TI - [A study on the spinal deformity in cerebral palsy]. PMID- 6625816 TI - [Clinical studies of ankylosing hyperostosis of the spine in spinal cord injured patients: heterotopic ossification and initial findings]. PMID- 6625817 TI - [Pioneer in surgery of the esophagus]. PMID- 6625818 TI - A new technique of microsurgical adult thymectomy in mice. PMID- 6625819 TI - The pathogenesis of the postoperative ascites accumulation after transthoracic esophageal transection for esophageal varices, especially the relationship between the vagus nerve and ascites accumulation. PMID- 6625820 TI - Specific adoptive immunotherapy by local transfer of cultured syngeneic spleen cells for mammary carcinoma in mice. PMID- 6625821 TI - [Effect of intravenous administration of Cinepazide on cerebral blood flow and evoked potentials]. PMID- 6625822 TI - [CEA like substance in cystic fluid of craniopharyngioma]. PMID- 6625824 TI - Surgical correction of total anomalous systemic venous drainage with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis--report of a case. PMID- 6625823 TI - [Fibroadenoma, mastopathy, intraductal papilloma: relationship to carcinoma--a case report of carcinoma of the breast arising in fibroadenoma]. PMID- 6625825 TI - [Aggressive infantile fibromatosis: case report]. PMID- 6625826 TI - [2 forgotten crops of agroindustrial importance: amaranth and quinoa]. PMID- 6625827 TI - Infant feeding practices and beliefs in one community in the Sierra of rural Ecuador: a prevalence study. AB - Infant feeding practices and beliefs of 54 women in one rural community in the Sierra of Ecuador are described. Breastfeeding was nearly universal, with a mean duration of 16.9 months: males were weaned gradually, which was significantly different from the sudden weaning of females. Infants' diets were supplemented at a mean 9.7 months; first food included soup, meat broth, oats, and grains. Males' diets were supplemented significantly earlier than females. Mothers reported 16 months as the best weaning age. The best age to begin supplementing breast or bottle was 8.8 months. Milk, soup, meat, oats, "all foods," and vitamins were believed to help produce breastmilk. Most mothers said they would give a bottle if they were unable to produce breastmilk. PMID- 6625828 TI - Dietary supplementation and improvement in physical work performance of agricultural migrant workers of southern Brazil. AB - A three-month trial was carried out on 14 agricultural migrant workers (Boias Frias) residing on the periphery of Ribeirao Preto, an agricultural and industrial town in the interior of the State of Sao Paulo in southern Brazil. This group can be considered as marginally malnourished. Their nutritional status and physical work performance was measured before and after receiving a supplemented lunch over a three-month period. The main change in their nutritional status during this period was an increase in body weight. Their physical work performance, as measured by a bicycle ergometer test, improved significantly after the supplementation of their traditional diet. PMID- 6625829 TI - [Deficiencies of essential microelements in Hispanic-American diets]. AB - The Spanish-American diets are classified in four types, according to the prevailing cereal in each of them. The content of the most important microelements in agreement with analytical data and food composition tables was determined in each type. Regional deficiencies were determined and references are made specially to Peru. Solutions based on modern pharmaceutical resources are proposed. PMID- 6625831 TI - [Comparative study of vitamin C of cabbage cultivars (Brassica oleraceae L., var. capitata L.), before and after their processing in sauerkraut]. AB - Determination of vitamin C was carried out in 23 cabbage cultivars before and after processing as sauerkraut under natural lactic acid fermentation Ascorbic acid was determined by Tillmans colorimetric method. It was verified that vitamin C content in cabbages ranged from 12.0 to 112.5 mg/100g. In sauerkrauts, levels ranged from 5.8 to 52.0 mg/100g, and in sauerkraut juices, ascorbic acid ranged from 2.1 to 48.8 mg/100g. Vitamin C retention percentage in sauerkraut and in sauerkraut juice, ranged between 61.9% and 100.0%. Early cabbage cultivars presented the highest vitamin C contents. In sauerkrauts and brines, ascorbic acid was in direct relation with its contents in the raw material. Ascorbic acid retention percentage in the final products did not show any relationship with its content in raw material. PMID- 6625830 TI - Nutritional significance of interactions between iron and food components. AB - Most food iron in the gut enters into two "common pools" that behave quite differently in terms of absorption. Heme iron present in hemoglobin and myoglobin, is well absorbed and is relatively unaffected by diet composition. Non heme iron, the form of iron present in vegetables and in man's staples, generally is poorly absorbed and is greatly affected by enhancing or inhibiting substances in the diet. In experiments employing intrinsically-labeled hemoglobin as a tracer, absorption of a dry hemoglobin concentrate added to milk, a rice cereal and wheat cookies, was uniformly good, relatively constant and quite independent from the type of food. In contrast, absorption of iron salts decreases markedly when given with food. The presence or absence of inhibiting or enhancing factors of non-heme iron absorption is determinant in the possibility of obtaining required iron for most people in the world whose diet contains little heme iron. Meat and ascorbic acid are the main enhancers of non-heme food iron absorption. Common inhibitors include carbonates, oxalates, phytate, bran, tea and egg yolk. The enhancing effect of ascorbic acid on the absorption of fortification iron in milk and the effect of tea, eggs or meat on the absorption of bread iron from common Chilean meals are discussed as examples of interactions of food components with non-heme iron. PMID- 6625832 TI - [Sensory evaluation of bread with potato flour]. AB - A sensory evaluation test was conducted in breads containing 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% potato flour. The samples were sliced into equally sized pieces and served as coded randomized duplicates. All-wheat bread was used as a standard. The comparative preferences were rated on a 7-point hedonic scale (7 = very good, 1 = very bad) for appearance, flavor, texture and overall quality. The scores were statistically analyzed by the analysis of variance and the Chi square test. No significant differences were found in regard to flavor between the standard bread and bread containing from 2-10% potato flour. In the test of organoleptic quality, the bread containing 8% potato flour was rated as "good", as compared to "very good" for the all-wheat bread. However, this difference was not statistically significant. The values obtained in this study show that the incorporation of 6-8% potato flour in bread is perfectly feasible. This was obtained from a local food industry that in manufacturing the flour, used the Spartan variety potato produced in the southern region of Chile. PMID- 6625833 TI - [Wheat: effects of mixing in breadmaking]. AB - The purpose of this work was to investigate the effects of mixing especially of unmixing, in the breadmaking process. The three wheat cultivars selected for the study were Glenlea, Neepawa and Fredrick. To increase the mixing strength of Fredrick, a blend of equal parts of Fredrick and Neepawa flours (Fr/Np, 50/50) was prepared. The wheat doughs under study required widely different times and energy inputs for mixing. Glenlea, Neepawa and Fr/Np needed 14.3, 3.0 and 2.8 Wh/kg of dough, respectively, to reach the first development peak. The unmixed doughs showed a marked deterioration of bread quality in relation to those mixed to the first development peak. Increases of unmixing times produced remarkable decreases of bread quality. At 16 min of unmixing the reduction of loaf volume, in relation to the optimum development stage, ranged from 34 to 62%. After unmixing, remixing the dough to a second development peak caused a high improvement in the quality of the final product. The breadmaking tests demonstrated that the unmixing effects were stronger for the stronger flours. PMID- 6625834 TI - [Effect of the infestation by Prostephanus truncatus Horn, Sitophilus zeamais Mots, or Sitotroga cerealella Oliver, on the concentration of amino acids in corn proteins]. AB - The amino acid concentration in the protein of batches of corn kernel subjected to infestation by P. truncatus, S. zeamais or S. cerealella was measured. For each insect species three development stages were studied, larvae, at the emergence of the first generation, and longer. Differences between the control and each of the nine infested batches were observed for most of the amino acids. The only pattern of differences consistent in magnitude, significance and sign, was a fall in leucine and isoleucine and a raise in tryptophan concentration. The chemical scores of all samples were similar to the control, except in the case of infestation by larvae of S. cerealella in which it decreased 15%. PMID- 6625835 TI - [Radiograms of the paranasal sinuses as a principle of identifying catastrophe victims and unknown skeletons]. AB - The paper is devoted to the identification on the base of X-ray of frontal sinuses. These sinuses, developed in puberty doesn't change its shape during aging. Differentiation of the size and shape of sinuses is remarkable and probably is one of the individual features of the man. The system of classification of sinuses is proposed, basing on the area size, shape and symmetry. In the current everyday practice all X-ray radiograms are destroyed after five years of storage in Poland. For identification purpose all radiograms of sinuses and A-P punctures of skull should be stored in radiology departments, and arranged according to proposed classification system. The case is presented, in which the pictures of skull were the base of successful identification of skeleton. PMID- 6625836 TI - [An unusual cyanide murder]. PMID- 6625837 TI - [An unusual suicide--self explosion in the automobile]. PMID- 6625838 TI - [Injuries of the larynx and hyoid bone in strangulation and throttling]. PMID- 6625839 TI - [A new computer-assisted possibility for evaluating the evidence value of textile fiber traces]. AB - This paper deals with the possibility of coding synthetic textile fibers. Using a small data bank the efficiency of a computer aided data search is demonstrated. It is intended to build up a large collection of textile fibers and to determine at least approximately the frequency of a certain fiber type. If this can be achieved the forensic scientist who has to examine textile fibers in case work will be able for the first time to answer the question about the frequency of an incriminating fiber, a question which is often asked in court. PMID- 6625841 TI - [Zoo specific crimes]. PMID- 6625840 TI - [Mass spectrometric data on some drugs, their biotransformation products and intermediate products of illegal synthesized narcotics]. AB - Additional mass spectral data of some rather unusual drugs and their biotransformation-products are presented updating the three large and authoritative mass spectra data collections for forensic/clinical toxicological purposes published by Finkle, Foltz and Saferstein et al. Furthermore mass spectra data of chemicals, intermediates, by-products and final products of illegal drug syntheses are summarized in one chapter. PMID- 6625842 TI - [Perinatology and social pediatrics]. PMID- 6625843 TI - [Nonesterified fatty acids and the titrable acidity of breast milk. Consequences for collection conditions in milk bans]. AB - The study of breast-milk samples, fresh or after storage, shows that the titrable acidity (expressed in degrees Dornic) is directly correlated with their nonesterified fatty acid concentration. Those fresh samples which contain a high activity of lipoprotein lipase can develop in situ lipolysis. The resulting elevated titrable acidity may lead to consider these samples as unsuitable for infant nutrition. These results suggest that collection and storage of breast milk have to be reassessed in order to avoid in situ lipolysis. PMID- 6625844 TI - [Pulmonary and systemic vascular abnormalities of the right lung in children]. AB - Three children presenting with vascular abnormalities of the right lungs are reported. Clinical symptoms were not specific. Total lack of perfusion associated with normal ventilation at pulmonary scintiscanning was highly suggestive. Diagnosis was confirmed by pulmonary catheterism and angiography. The congenital or acquired nature of these abnormalities is not established. Development of pulmonary arterial hypertension during follow-up may need pneumonectomy. PMID- 6625846 TI - [Iron chelate treatment of hereditary sideroblastic anemia complicated by hemochromatosis]. AB - In a child with sideroblastic anemia complicated with hemochromatosis, iron overload was successfully treated with slow subcutaneous perfusion of deferoxamine. A 28 month-treatment resulted in the inversion of iron balance, which became negative, and the normalization of serum ferritin and abdominal CT scan. These results indicate that deferoxamine perfusion 12/24 hrs is able to restrict or even to remove the iron overload, previously responsible for hemochromatosis, a factor of mortality in this disease. PMID- 6625845 TI - [Liebow's desquamative interstitial pneumonia. Apropos of a case in an infant]. AB - Case report of a Liebow's desquamative interstitial pneumonia in a 3 week-old infant. The disease resulted in permanent respiratory failure. Steroid therapy had no durable effect and death occurred at 4 1/2 months of age. PMID- 6625847 TI - [Anomalous aortic origin of the left coronary artery. Apropos of sudden death in an adolescent]. AB - A 16 year-old adolescent boy died suddenly after an effort. Autopsy showed an anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the right sinus of Valsalva. During the 3 years preceding his death, this patient presented symptoms that were apparently induced by physical efforts: digestive troubles, chest pain and syncopes. The latter resulted in the erroneous diagnoses of epilepsy, then hypervagotonia. The incidence of this kind of malformation, the mechanism of death and the necessary investigations are discussed. Thorough autopsy should always be performed in order to elucidate the cause of sudden death in young patients. PMID- 6625848 TI - [Recessive autosomal spastic ataxia]. AB - The authors report the case of a 12 year-old child who presented with a syndrome, isolated in Quebec, including spasticity, ataxia, distal muscle wasting, pes cavus, retinal striation, and the frequent presence of a prolapse of the mitral valve. This autosomal recessive disease is similar to Friedreich disease. PMID- 6625849 TI - [Use of diazepam in the preventive home treatment of recurrent febrile convulsions]. AB - Parents with children who had presented with a simple febrile convulsion were advised to give their children rectal diazepam, in case of fever. The results (21 families with an average follow-up of 2 years) were compared with those in two groups of controls. The efficacy and inocuousness of prophylactic treatment are remarkable. However, its indication should be more precisely stated, after a better information of families and practitioners, since the expected effect on familial apprehension was not satisfactorily obtained. PMID- 6625850 TI - [Longitudinal study of puberty in Dakar]. AB - A longitudinal survey of some characteristics of puberty was performed on a group of Dakarese adolescents, who had previously been followed up from birth to 6 years of age. The collected data were used to determine (1) the dispersion of ages when these characteristics began to appear, and the relationships between various aspects of puberty; (2) the relationships between some pubertal criteria and the end of the growth process and (3) those existing between nutritional status in early childhood and puberty itself. Some comparisons have been made with the results of a longitudinal survey concerning Londonian adolescents. PMID- 6625851 TI - [Fluoride requirements and prevention of dental caries in children]. PMID- 6625852 TI - [Infant mortality throughout the world]. PMID- 6625853 TI - Panic disorder and major depression. Increased risk of depression, alcoholism, panic, and phobic disorders in families of depressed probands with panic disorder. AB - In a large, case-control family study of depression, 77 (58%) of 133 depressed probands displayed anxiety symptoms that met DSM-III criteria for agoraphobia, panic disorder, or generalized anxiety disorder. In two thirds of these 77 cases, these symptoms were associated with depressive episodes. In a previous study, the lifetime rate of major depression and anxiety disorders among first-degree family members of probands with major depression plus an anxiety disorder was found to be significantly increased regardless of when the anxiety symptoms occurred. In this study we analyzed our data according to the specific anxiety disorders observed. Major depression plus panic disorder in probands was associated with a marked increase in risk in relatives for a number of psychiatric disorders; relatives were more than twice as likely to have major depression, panic disorder, phobia, and/or alcoholism than the relatives of probands with major depression without any anxiety disorder. These results indicate that the relationship between major depression and anxiety disorders requires further study. PMID- 6625854 TI - Family study of agoraphobia. Report of a pilot study. AB - A family study of agoraphobia (n = 20), panic disorder (n = 20), and nonanxious controls (n = 20) showed the morbidity risk for all anxiety disorders to be 32% among first-degree relatives of agoraphobics, 33% among relatives of patients with panic disorder and 15% among relatives of controls. Relatives of agoraphobics were also shown to be at higher risk for alcohol disorders. Female relatives were found to be at greater risk for anxiety disorders, reflecting their increased susceptibility to these illnesses, and male relatives were at greater risk for alcohol disorders. The increased risk for anxiety disorders in the relatives of agoraphobics was not specific for agoraphobia but included panic disorder and other phobias as well. The findings indicate that agoraphobia is a familial disorder and that family data may help to determine whether agoraphobia is separate from other anxiety and phobic disorders. PMID- 6625855 TI - A family study of panic disorder. AB - In a family study of panic disorder, we collected data on 278 first-degree relatives of 41 probands with panic disorder and 262 relatives of 41 control probands. The morbidity risk for panic disorder was 17.3% in the first group, and an additional 7.4% were categorized as having probable panic disorder. Both rates were significantly higher than the respective rates in the control relatives, 1.8% and 0.4%. The risk of panic disorder in female subjects was twice that in male subjects. The rate of generalized anxiety disorder was the same in both groups of families. No other psychiatric disorders were increased in the families of patients with panic disorder. In a preliminary genetic analysis, we tested the single major locus and the multifactorial polygenic transmission models. Neither model was excluded by the data. We conclude that panic disorder is a familial disease that affects women twice as frequently as men and is not associated with an increased familial risk of other psychiatric conditions. Its method of transmission remains uncertain. PMID- 6625856 TI - Reliability of DSM-III anxiety disorder categories using a new structured interview. AB - The reliability of DSM-III anxiety disorder diagnoses was determined using a new structured interview, the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule (ADIS). Two interviewers examined 60 consecutive outpatients at an anxiety disorders clinic and assigned primary and secondary diagnoses based on the ADIS. The kappa statistic, calculated on the basis of perfect matches on primary diagnoses, indicated good agreement for anxiety, affective, and adjustment disorders, as well as for the specific anxiety disorder categories of agoraphobia, panic, social phobia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, but not for generalized anxiety disorder. We evaluated the causes for diagnostic disagreement, particularly in relation to the difficult differentiation between generalized anxiety disorder and other anxiety disorders. PMID- 6625857 TI - Genetic factors in anxiety disorders. AB - We investigated genetic factors in the determination of anxiety disorders in a study of 32 monozygotic (MZ) and 53 dizygotic (DZ) adult same-sexed twins. The frequency of anxiety disorders was twice as high in MZ as in DZ co-twins of the total proband group, alike in the MZ and DZ co-twins of the generalized anxiety disorder proband group, and three times as high in MZ as in DZ co-twins of the other proband groups. Anxiety disorders with panic attacks were more than five times as frequent in MZ as in DZ co-twins in a combined group of probands with panic disorders and agoraphobia with panic attacks. For generalized anxiety disorder, genetic factors were not apparent, while genetic factors were not apparent, while genetic factors appear to influence the development of the other anxiety disorders, especially panic disorder and agoraphobia with panic attacks. PMID- 6625858 TI - Impairment of memory function by antihypertensive medication. AB - This study describes a specific memory impairment in subjects taking either of two kinds of centrally active anti-hypertensive agents. Verbal memory impairment was present in hypertensive and normotensive patients taking methyldopa or propranolol hydrochloride, while hypertensive patients receiving only a diuretic did not show this deficit. Visual memory impairment was not seen in any of the groups tested. The majority of the subjects were unaware of their memory deficit, even when test results clearly revealed impairment. An earlier pilot study of 12 hypertensive patients receiving methyldopa or propranolol used a broad range of cognitive tests and also demonstrated impairment in verbal memory only, while other cognitive measures remained relatively unaffected. PMID- 6625859 TI - Judging change in psychotherapy. Reliability of clinical formulations. AB - Careful clinical formulation describing the dimensions of core neurotic conflicts is integral to the practice of psychodynamic psychotherapy. Therefore, a method for reliable and valid formulation is a necessary precursor for the empirical investigation of the impact of such therapy. Our study evaluated a method of outcome assessment based on clinical formulations. Results from 18 patients indicate that independently derived formulations of a central conflict do not agree and that these disagreements in formulation are reflected in disagreements in the change ratings that are based on them. Additional analyses suggested that symptomatic change represents the major component in outcome rating. PMID- 6625860 TI - Evaluating the clinical skills of psychotherapists. A comparison of techniques. AB - This study evaluates different methods of assessing psychotherapy skills. Nine therapists were evaluated in the following ways: (1) didactic examination, (2) global ratings by trainers, (3) supervisor's ratings based on therapist's retrospective report of therapy sessions in supervision, (4) therapists' self ratings, and (5) independent evaluators' ratings of videotaped psychotherapy sessions. Results show poor agreement among assessments of therapists' skills based on different data sources. Most important, ratings based on review of videotaped sessions were uncorrelated with those based on supervisor's discussion of process material with the therapist. Of the five types of ratings of psychotherapist skill, only the supervisor's ratings were correlated with patient outcome. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of therapist assessment procedures used in clinical training programs. PMID- 6625861 TI - Differences among clinicians in the decision to admit. AB - Despite considerable efforts by researchers and clinicians to elucidate the nature of the decision to admit patients for psychiatric treatment, they disagree about the criteria for hospitalization and have made little progress understanding the decision-making process. This study further investigated factors influencing the decision to admit by incorporating two unusual (for this area) features: (1) use of a multivariate analysis and (2) examination of individual differences among clinicians. The results showed both strong similarities and differences in the criteria used by individual clinicians. For each caretaker, a relatively small list of criteria was developed. Taken together, these criteria correctly classified 90% of the patients (96% of nonhospitalized and 60% of hospitalized patients) in a large, urban, general hospital emergency room. PMID- 6625862 TI - Self-control in psychotic disorders. AB - Our follow-up study of 20 psychiatric patients and a review of the relevant literature support the idea that some persons may be able to exert control over their own psychiatric symptoms. This self-regulation process consists of three phases: In the first phase, persons become aware of the existence of psychotic or prepsychotic behavior by self-monitoring. In the second phase, self-evaluation, the person recognizes the implications of these behaviors as a signal of disorder. In these phases, detecting early affective signals that may herald the onset of psychotic symptoms and noting the sequences of events often followed by symptoms are particularly important. Once these symptoms or their precursors are detected, phase 3 occurs in which mechanisms of self-control are employed. Three such mechanisms are particularly common: self-instruction, reduced involvement in activity, and increased involvement in activity. PMID- 6625863 TI - Panic and anxiety. PMID- 6625864 TI - Phobia study criteria. PMID- 6625865 TI - Panic attacks in phobia treatment studies. PMID- 6625866 TI - Misuse of the symptom checklist 90. PMID- 6625867 TI - The carcinogenicity of 1-methyl-3(p-bromophenyl)-1-nitrosourea (Br-MPNU). AB - In long-term experiments with Hooded rats the carcinogenic potential of 1-methyl 3(p-bromophenyl)-1-nitrosourea (Br-MPNU) could be demonstrated for the first time. Br-MPNU is formed also endogenously after combined administration of 1 methyl-3(p-bromophenyl)-urea (Br-MPU) and sodium nitrite. After repeated intragastric administration of 0.33 mmol Br-MPU and 0.73 mmol NaNO2 per kg b.w. papillomas and carcinomas of the forestomach developed in 83%. After repeated administration of 0.28 mmol Br-MPNU per kg b.w. these neoplasms were observed in 88%. The comparison of results obtained in similar experiments with 1-methyl-3 phenyl-1-nitrosourea shows that bromine substitution led to a reduction of the carcinogenic activity. The present paper is part of a complex program studying the interrelationships between structure, physico-chemical properties, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of nitrosoureas. PMID- 6625868 TI - Enhancement of hyperthermia lethality by Lanthanum. AB - The authors have studied the effects of La3+ during hyperthermia on tumor cells, Trypan blue exclusion and 86Rb release from previously labeled Ehrlich and DS carcinosarcoma ascites cells, indicate an increase of plasma membrane permeability by La3+ as a function of the hyperthermic level. The enhancement of hyperthermia lethality by concentration of Lanthanum over 0.5 mM after 2 hours at 44 degrees C has been demonstrated on HeLa S3 cells using a well known cloning technique. In vivo experiments have been performed on Rhabdomyosarcoma C3H bearing mice using an ultrasound heating technique at 44-46 degrees C. The preliminary in vivo results show a remarkable tumor growth inhibition and a significant increase of the survival time after only one hyperthermia treatment of 30 minutes combined with one intratumoral injection of 1 mM lanthanum. The control animal groups treated by hyperthermia alone or by lanthanum alone don't show any differences of the tumor volume evolution in comparison with untreated animal groups. PMID- 6625869 TI - [Parietal cell antibodies and stomach cancer]. AB - Sera of 101 patients with histologically confirmed gastric cancers were investigated for parietal cell antibodies, which are the serological markers of chronic atrophic gastritis type A. These autoantibodies were more often found in patients with early than with advanced gastric cancers. They were more frequent in intestinal than in diffuse gastric cancers. It is discussed that in advanced cancers the frequency of parietal cell antibody is diminishing because of loss of antigene or binding of antibodies in immune complexes. Early gastric cancers therefore seem to be more suitable than advanced cancers to study the relation between gastric cancer and gastritis type. PMID- 6625870 TI - [Diagnostic value of whole-body computerized tomography in tumors in children]. AB - First experience is reported in the application of computerized tomography to tumorous diseases in childhood, being localized in the mediastinum, lungs, abdomen, bones and soft tissue. In the majority of cases the indication for CT was to identify or exclude tumors. In a little part the method served to determine the extent of the tumor for therapy planing. Despite the known difficulties in abdominal diagnosis encountered with computerized tomography a satisfactory result has been achieved by means of appropriate programs. There were difficulties in diagnosis of tumors in the small pelvic starting from the ovariens or the uterus and in diagnosis of recidivtumors. Using special possibilities of computerized tomography, e.g. measuring absorption values, the kind of disease can be diagnosed in some cases and specific therapeutical measures be planned. The limitations of this technic will be pointed out too. PMID- 6625871 TI - [Bronchial carcinoma in Berlin, capital of East Germany 1975 to 1979]. AB - Some important data characterizing the situation in lung cancer control were analyzed in Berlin, capital of the German Democratic Republic, during the period 1975-1979. The incidence rates amounted to 91.9/100 000 in men and 20.5/100 000 in women. The incidence is higher in the capital Berlin than in the GDR as a whole. Lung cancer patients were mostly treated by radiation therapy (19.7%) or surgery alone (16.6%). The cumulative relative 5-year-survival rate of patients treated in 1975/76 amounted to 10.3%. Primary prevention by consequent reduction of tobacco consumption rates, especially in younger people, would be the most important contribution to reduce lung cancer risk and seems to be more effective than secondary prevention. The reduction of exposition against cancerogenic factors, the control of exposed people and chest X-ray examinations of persons at high risk are further contributions to improve lung cancer control. PMID- 6625872 TI - Ethnic differences in cancer frequency. AB - Ethnic and racial differences in cancer incidence, mortality and survival are well documented for many tumor sites. For skin cancer and probably for some other sites such differences have their foundation in biological characteristics that presumably reflect genetically determined differences. In other cases, apparent racial differences in fact reflect and must be distinguished from, associated co- variables including socio--economic and cultural factors. PMID- 6625873 TI - [Gamma-oxosulfones as aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors]. PMID- 6625874 TI - [Structure- and conformation-activity relationships of heterocyclic acetylcholine analogs, 18. Synthesis and muscarine-type activity of sulfoarecaidine and sulfoisoarecaidine esters]. PMID- 6625875 TI - Some new piperazino derivatives as antiparkinson and anticonvulsant agents. PMID- 6625876 TI - Biotransformation of 2-alkylbenzotriazoles to potential carcinogens. PMID- 6625877 TI - Knee joint angle: its relationship to quadriceps femoris activity in normal and postarthrotomy limbs. AB - The relationship of knee joint angle to maximum effort quadriceps femoris activity, as measured by smoothed and rectified EMG, was systematically examined in 30 normal and 18 post-meniscectomy limbs. Our results show that motor unit activity depends not only upon joint angle, but also upon peripheral receptor feedback, which is altered in the post-arthrotomy limbs, producing the characteristic "extensor lag" or inability to maintain the knee at 0 degrees while flexing the hip. The significant interaction of joint position and limb condition must therefore be taken into account when evaluating or rehabilitating pathologic joint conditions. Current motor control theory does not account for the findings presented; an alternative model, proposing integration of the central motor program and peripheral receptor feedback, is presented, which may explain the "extensor lag." PMID- 6625878 TI - Learning goals during initial rehabilitation hospitalization. AB - While learning theory and various clinical applications play an increasingly significant role in the design and delivery of rehabilitation services, data to determine the extent that teaching/learning are integral to rehabilitation goals are lacking. Medical records of 20 first admission spinal cord injured patients were analyzed for the proportion of teaching/learning goals, plans, and activities entered by professional disciplines on the rehabilitation team. A classification system for medical chart entries was devised for this purpose. Results indicated that 65% of the total chart entries reflected teaching/learning or attempts to accelerate or decelerate specific behaviors. Across professional disciplines nursing showed the highest proportion of chart entries focused on patient teaching/learning. Present findings support recent trends toward systematic and more sophisticated application of learning theory and technology, and suggest that professional preparation of rehabilitation personnel should include training in how to teach and how to facilitate skill acquisition. PMID- 6625880 TI - Visual imperception in brain-injured adults: multifaceted measures. AB - Visual imperception denotes the disorders of perceptual functioning commonly associated with unilateral brain injury. Typically the same half of the visual fields of both eyes are affected on the side opposite to that of the brain injury. The disorder may have a sensory or an attentional basis or both, moreover, the patient is often not aware of the problem. The condition interferes with daily activities including reading and navigating abilities, and it increases the likelihood that a person will have accidents. Thus, it becomes an obstacle to rehabilitation. Two comprehensive tests for visual imperception, Search-A-Word (SAW) and Speeded Reading of Word Lists (SRWL), were administered to a large sample of brain-injured and nonbrain-injured adult rehabilitation patients. Measures included: search times for left- and right-side targets, words missed at either margin, completion rates, errors on displaced words, and within span errors. Right hemisphere brain injury was reliably associated with errors on the left side; left hemisphere brain injury was associated with overall poor performance. A factor analysis of performance measures revealed three major independent factors: (1) left spatial hemi-imperception, (2) lateral scanning dysfunction, and (3) left foveal hemi-imperception. These findings support a neurosensory-based view of imperception, especially in brain-injured persons. Finally, differential assessment of these problems is essential for comprehensive rehabilitation. PMID- 6625879 TI - Myoelectric training for preschool children. AB - Sixteen normal preschool children were taught to control myoelectric signals with conventional trainers used by adult amputees and specially adapted, myoelectrically controlled toys. The children were divided into four groups, according to whether they were first taught to control trainers or toys and whether 1-site or 2-site control systems were used. Most (15) of the children performed better with the toys than with the trainers (p less than 0.0005); the different control systems and different training sequences did not produce statistically significant differences in the scores. PMID- 6625881 TI - Handwriting movement quality in prekindergarten and kindergarten children. AB - A Handwriting Movement Rating Scale (HMRS) was devised to help evaluate children's kinetic ability during the early stages of acquiring this skill. Test subjects were 72 children, divided into four groups according to age and scholastic ability. Normal kindergarten-age children scored significantly better than those in the prekindergarten category, supporting the general observation that handwriting movement improves with maturation and experience. Kindergarten children identified as being at risk for future learning problems performed significantly lower on the HMRS than the normal kindergarten group. There was no significant difference between the scores of at-risk and retained (held-over) kindergarten children. In a second experimental sampling of 57 normal kindergarten children, 35% achieved perfect scores. The HMRS appears to be a useful adjunct in the assessment of handwriting problems. PMID- 6625882 TI - Physical work capacity in adolescent patients with mild idiopathic scoliosis. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the physical work capacity of adolescent patients with mild idiopathic scoliosis (less than 60 degrees). Fourteen subjects, who were being treated with a Milwaukee brace, were given a progressive exercise stress test. Ventilatory volume, frequency of breathing, end tidal PCO2, heart rate, and blood pressure were continuously monitored and oxygen consumption (VO2) was computed for each work load. Results indicated that the majority of subjects were 1 to 4 standard deviations above the mean for nonhandicapped peers in expired ventilation, and all of the subjects were 2 standard deviations or more below the mean for their nonhandicapped peers in VO2max. The low work capacity was similar to that reported in individuals with much larger curves. Reduced work capacity was not apparently limited by maximal attainable ventilation or ventilatory pattern (frequency). Reduced aerobic fitness cannot be ruled out. PMID- 6625883 TI - Encephalitis herpes simplex: aural rehabilitation following bilateral deafness. AB - Aural rehabilitation is a critical and often neglected aspect of a hearing impaired patient's total rehabilitation. This case description illustrates the need for implementation of aural rehabilitation services. A 59-year-old woman exhibited bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss following the onset of encephalitis herpes simplex. Auditory amplification attempts were unsuccessful. Aural rehabilitation was initiated immediately, and she was seen for lipreading and vibrotactile stimulation training. Goals progressed from identification of single words within a category to phonemic recognition. Vibrotactile stimulation was used to facilitate environmental awareness. Therapy goals reflected the patient's increased motivation to communicate within her environment. This patient's communicative status is viewed on a continuum: from success in individual treatment goals, extending to successful communication within the structure of the entire rehabilitation setting, and finally to functional communication within her home environment. PMID- 6625884 TI - Separation and sugar component analysis of the oligosaccharides in the surface glycoproteins of Newcastle disease virus. AB - The precursor glycoproteins HN0 and F0 in the surface spikes of Newcastle Disease Virus strain Ulster as produced by MDBK cells, were found to contain 10.4 and 11.9 weight per cent, respectively, of the sugars typical for N-glycosidically linked glycoprotein glycans. A molar ratio of D-mannose:D-galactose: L-fucose:N acetyl-D-glucosamine approaching 1.0:1.1:0.5:1.0 was found for HN0, and of 1.0:0.7:0.3:0.6 for F0. By a sequence of degradation (with pronase, with endo beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H [endo H], and by hydrazinolysis) and separation procedures (Concanavalin A-affinity and Biogel P-4 chromatography), the radiolabelled carbohydrate moieties of NDV HN0 and F0 (as oligosaccharitols) were separated into (at least) ten and eight fractions, respectively. Separate in vivo labelling with tritiated derivatives of the four sugars showed that both glycoproteins contain oligosaccharides of the oligomannosidic ("high mannose"), of the N-acetyllactosaminic ("complex"), as well as of the "mixed" type. The majority of the oligosaccharides in F0, but not of those in HN0, was found to be endo H-sensitive. PMID- 6625885 TI - Activation of a type C virus particle in cells from the inbred mouse strain 129/J: antigenic relationship with the horizontally transmitted type C viruses of primates. Brief report. AB - We have activated a thymus-derived fibroblast cell line from 129/J mice for production of noninfectious type C viral particles. Retroviral particles were produced continuously after cells were treated with ethylnitrosourea, a powerful mutagen and carcinogen. Antigenic analysis of the major structural protein of these particles showed a close relationship with an infectious virus from Mus caroli, a potential progenitor of the horizontally transmitted primate type C viruses. This finding demonstrates the potential of cells from inbred strains of Mus musculus to express upon mutagenesis antigens of the Mus caroli class of endogenous MuLV. PMID- 6625886 TI - Properties of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus interfering particles. AB - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCM virus) interfering particles (IP) were generated in cultivated cells and their properties determined. Unlike true defective interfering (DI) particles, LCM virus IP did not show the phenomenon of enrichment and, consequently, passaging the virus undiluted did not result in their accumulation; in fact, more IP were produced during dilute passages. Furthermore, the progeny of each of 20 plaques contained high numbers of IP. On the basis of these and previous observations, we consider LCM virus IP not deletion mutants but by-products of virus synthesis. PMID- 6625887 TI - Effect of rifamycin derivatives and coumermycin A1 on in vitro RNA synthesis by African swine fever virus. Brief report. AB - Several rifamycin derivatives inhibited the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of African swine fever (ASF) virus particles. The inhibition was similar to that found with vaccinia virus RNA polymerase. Coumermycin A1, an inhibitor of type II DNA topoisomerases, inhibited strongly RNA synthesis in vitro by ASF virus particles. This suggests that transcription of ASF virus DNA requires a DNA topoisomerase. PMID- 6625888 TI - Some characteristics of mycoplasma virus Hr 1, isolated from and infecting Mycoplasma hyorhinis. Brief report. AB - Mycoplasma virus Hr 1 is a short tailed bacteriophage with a polyhedral head about 34 nm across and a tail about 14 nm long. It produces plaques on some strains of Mycoplasma hyorhinis. PMID- 6625889 TI - Glycopolypeptides of rubella virus. Brief report. AB - Purified rubella virus particles contain two glycopolypeptides (62K and 44K to 51K) and one nonglycosylated polypeptide (35K). Glycoproteins can be labeled with tritiated sodiumborohydride after oxidation with galactose oxidase indicating that galactose is the terminal carbohydrate unit. The other carbohydrate components are N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and mannose. PMID- 6625890 TI - [Case of occupational asthma in a lumber worker caused by lumber commonly called "nara" imported from the Philippines]. PMID- 6625891 TI - [Clinical epidemiology of asthma in children. 1. Survey on allergic diseases at Oshima]. PMID- 6625892 TI - [Analysis of anti-pigeon antibody in the sera of residents of an area inhabited by pigeons]. PMID- 6625893 TI - [5-10 year follow-up of children who have recovered from bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6625894 TI - [Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (K-cell population) of peripheral lymphocytes in Kawasaki disease and allergic conditions. 1. Relation between K cell population and the blood immune complex content in Kawasaki disease]. PMID- 6625895 TI - [Mechanism of increase in the serum uric acid level caused by theophylline]. PMID- 6625896 TI - Effect of Chinese blended medicine, Saiboku-to, on type IV allergic reaction. PMID- 6625898 TI - [Atmospheric pollen survey in Sakado City, Saitama Prefecture, with special reference to chestnut pollen dispersal]. PMID- 6625897 TI - [Helium flow-volume curve in asthmatic children. Part II. A study on helium flow volume curve during attacks and during attack-free periods]. PMID- 6625899 TI - [Fluctuations in the plasma heparin concentration in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6625900 TI - [Structure of the palisade nerve fibers of the sinuous hair after cutting the infraorbital nerve]. AB - The state of the palisade neural fibers (PNF) in the connective tissue of the internal follicle of the cat sinuous hair has been studied after the infraorbital nerve had been cut. Denervation of the sinuous hair is demonstrated to result in certain destructive changes in the PNF. Two days after the operation, cytoplasm becomes more dense, mitochondria undergo destruction, large vacuoles appear in the neural terminals. In the receptory specialized cells, as well as in the neural fiber lemmocytes, the number of the large vacuoles increases, electron opaque bodies appear. On the 7th day after the operation maximal destructive changes are noted. In 30 days after cutting the nerve, regeneration of the neural fibers, the PNF including, begins. In this connection the fate of the specialized cells after destruction of the receptor and their participation in the regenerative process is discussed. The data obtained demonstrate that there are some important functional connections between the axons and the specialized PNF cells. This is necessary to maintain the differentiated state of the receptor in question. PMID- 6625901 TI - [Enzymo-chemical organization of the receptors of the aortic reflexogenic zone in dog ontogenesis]. AB - By means of some histochemical methods in the aortal reflexogenic zone receptors succinate dehydrogenase (SDG), monoaminoxidase (MAO) and cholinesterase (ChE) activity has been studied during canine ontogenesis. Differentiation of the compact receptors is accompanied with certain changes of their enzymochemical characteristics. By the end of the first week of the intrauterine life, in the structures of the canine compact receptors certain SDG and ChE activity is detected. In 15-day-old puppies the aortal compact receptors do not differ by their enzymatic activity from similar sensitive terminals in mature animals. The topography of the enzymatic activity corresponds to the definitive one at the age of 2-3 months. PMID- 6625902 TI - [Changes in the blood flow in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus during exertion]. AB - As demonstrate chronic experiments performed in 36 rabbits after application of physical loadings having different intensity and duration, during the process of adaptation and deadaptation, there is a close interconnection between the changes in morphological signs and the physiological data. The most profound morphological changes appear in nontrained animals under a maximal loading up to "capacity" (especially in the hemisphere cortex). The dynamics of the adaptive reactions in the hemisphere cortex and in the hippocamp are not the same: the most profound adaptive rearrangements are observed in the cerebral hemisphere cortex. During the deadaptation, the morphological changes increase. PMID- 6625903 TI - [Ultrastructure of the vascular plexus villi in the lateral cerebral ventricle of the cat]. AB - As demonstrates a light and electron microscopic investigation of the villi in the vascular plexuses of the cat cerebral lateral ventricles, the cells of the unilayer epithelium covering their surface differ from the cells covering the cerebral meningitis and from the ependymocytes. The electron microscopic investigation has demonstrated that epithelium covering the villi of the vascular plexuses is not homogenous: 3 main types of the cells are revealed in it. Ultrastructure of the connective tissue stroma of the vascular plexuses, their microcirculatory bed are also not identical to the corresponding parts of the ependyma and the cerebral menings. A conclusion is made that not only the function, but also the structure of the vascular plexuses in the brain have a number of peculiarities that differ them from other intracranial organs. PMID- 6625904 TI - [Structural mechanisms of regulation of the lympho-microcirculatory system]. AB - The lymphatic vessels in total macro-microscopical preparations of various human organs and those in some laboratory animals have been injected with silver nitrate solution. There are various morphological structures that are capable to regulate the lymph flow and outflow rate in the microcirculatory lymphatic bed. A peculiar role belongs to the lymphatic postcapillaries (V. V. Kuprianov) that possess valve-sluices. The structural mechanism of the microcirculatory lymphatic bed circulation are in many respects similar to those of the hemomicrocirculatory bed. A model demonstrating a morphofunctional unit in the microcirculatory lymphatic bed is proposed. It is an integrate part of the hemomicrocirculatory bed module. PMID- 6625905 TI - [Embryonal hematopoiesis in the intact human liver and in its organ culture]. AB - Hepatic tissues in 58 human embryos, 5-12 week-old have been investigated. At that time hemopoiesis is mainly presented by erythropoiesis. Ultrastructure of the hepatic parenchymal cells and that of the hemopoietic cellular elements have been studied. The cultural system used makes it possible to maintain hemopoiesis in the explants for 3.5 weeks. Under the conditions of cultivation in the organic culture, certain changes in architectonics of the explants are observed. As the time of the cultivation increases, the ultrastructure of the hepatic parenchymal cells, which make the hemopoiesis-inducing microenvironment, undergo further changes. A gradual substitution of erythropoiesis for granulomonocytopoiesis takes place. PMID- 6625906 TI - [Dynamics of morphological changes in the adrenal glands and lymphoid organs during immobilization stress in rats]. AB - A comparative morphological and histochemical investigation has been performed on changes in the female rat adrenals, thymus and spleen under a 5 hours' immobilization and after its termination. During the first 24 h after the 5 hours' immobilization in the adrenals and in the lymphoid organs changes specific for an acute stress reaction develop. These changes reach their maximum at different time in the lymphoid organs and in the adrenals, and there is not any definite time correlation between morphological manifestations of the acute stress reaction--delipoidization and hypertrophy of the adrenals and the destructive changes in the target-organs (thymus, spleen). As a rule, the destructive changes in the thymus appear earlier than those of the widespread delipoidization and hypertrophy of the adrenals and are much earlier morphological signs of an acute stress reaction. As a whole, the stress changes in the female rat lymphoid organs develop more quickly than in the male rats. A rapid rise of the acid phosphatase activity in the spleen macrophagal elements under the stress is an early sign demonstrating the development of an early stressory reaction and can be used for its histochemical indication. PMID- 6625907 TI - [Hormone-mediated reactions in the endosalpinx epithelium]. AB - The epithelium of normal uterine tubes resected in 38 young women of the child bearing age during the periods of the maximal physiological fluctuations of the ovarian steroid hormones levels has been studied. The correlative dependence between the morphometrical data and the results of quanitative biochemical analysis of the estrogen excretion has been investigated. The morphometric method reliably reflects the hormone-dependent variabilities of the oviduct epithelium and makes it possible to perform an objective morphological evaluation of the ovarian functional activity. The height and specific density of cells in the epithelial layer, portion of the aciliary cells and nuclear volume of the ciliary cells are the most important for diagnosis as compared to the excretory level of the estrogenic hormones. PMID- 6625908 TI - [Structure of the dog frontal sinus]. AB - The investigation performed in 30 dogs has demonstrated that the frontal bone has an additional "small" frontal sinus. It situates more distally to the known "large" frontal sinus, in the anterior part of the frontal bone. The "small" frontal sinuses on both sides are also separated with a longitudinal septum and communicate with the nasal cavity by means of independent frontonasal canals. PMID- 6625909 TI - [Specific choice of the working wave length during analysis of somatic muscle fibers using a biwave photometry method]. PMID- 6625911 TI - [Microscope attachment for supravital measurement and recording of the diameter of microvessels]. PMID- 6625910 TI - [Use of low-molecular weight rubber SKTN-Med for vessel injections]. PMID- 6625912 TI - Atrial septal defect. PMID- 6625913 TI - Genetics and cancer: chromosomes and oncogenes. PMID- 6625914 TI - Solar ultraviolet radiation and skin cancer. A public education program. PMID- 6625915 TI - The nourishment of the mind. Part 3--Pathos. PMID- 6625916 TI - Radiology case of the month No. 66: cardiac herniation with volvulus. PMID- 6625917 TI - Mineralocorticoid deficiency associated with aminoglutethimide therapy. PMID- 6625918 TI - First-trimester prenatal diagnosis by trophoblast biopsy. PMID- 6625919 TI - Nervous system complications of hemophilia. PMID- 6625920 TI - Case of the month No. 67. Watch battery ingestion. PMID- 6625921 TI - Surgical treatment of vertigo. PMID- 6625922 TI - Rheumatology in China. PMID- 6625923 TI - Decade of the 80's. What can physicians expect? PMID- 6625924 TI - Who's your doctor. PMID- 6625925 TI - American medicine is the best in the world because it has remained private. PMID- 6625926 TI - [Morphogenesis of early pre-lipid stages of atherosclerosis]. AB - Investigation of early changes in the aortal wall (focal edema of the intima, rhythmic structures, and primary fibrous plaques) in children and young subjects showed the possibility of nonlipidogenic mode of the development of atherosclerotic plaques. The data suggest that an important role in the genesis of atherosclerotic changes in man is played by local alterations of the arterial wall not associated with disorders in the general lipid metabolism. The local damage of the endothelial lining of the arteries in these sites may be very important in their genesis. PMID- 6625927 TI - [Differential diagnosis of basalioma and metatypical skin cancer]. AB - The WHO histological classification of skin tumors (Geneva, 1980) has first distinguished a new nosologic variety of skin carcinoma, metatypic carcinoma (MTC) being intermediate between basalioma and squamous cell carcinoma. Separation of MTC from the group of basaliomas is important prognostically because this tumor is capable of metastasizing, whereas MTC diagnosis is difficult because it simulates basalioma clinically and morphologically. The study of the mitotic regimen in 13 cases of MTC and 20 cases of basalioma showed this method to be adequate for differential diagnosis of these tumors. The values of the mitotic regimen in MTC always differed from similar values in basalioma: the mitotic activity, the specific content of dividing cells at the stage of metaphase, and the rate of pathologic mitoses increased considerably, there appeared multipolar and monocentric mitoses, bridges, three-phase metaphases. PMID- 6625928 TI - [Biological essence of the squamous-cell structures in 2-component endometrial cancer]. AB - Combined comparative study of anatomo-histological features, proliferative activity, content of X-chromatin, and ploidy of the nuclei of epithelial structures of 7 adenoacanthomas, 8 glandular-squamous cell carcinomas, and 7 adenocarcinomas (control group) of the endometrium was carried out. Microspectrophotometry of DNA revealed heterogeneity in DNA content and polyploidy typical of malignant growth in all cell populations, including squamous cell component of adenoacanthomas. The correlation between reduced degree of histological differentiation, depth of invasion, and decreased number of nuclei containing X-chromatin bodies as well as the occurrence of histological transitions suggest that adenoacanthomas and glandular-squamous cell carcinomas should be regarded as one group of two-component endometrial tumors and the terms used for their designations as synonyms. Within this group, highly and poorly differentiated variants may be distinguished which is of prognostic importance. PMID- 6625929 TI - [Differential diagnosis of adenoma of the parathyroid glands and their nodular and diffuse hyperplasia]. AB - On the basis of the results of histological, histochemical, and electron microscopic studies of pathologically altered parathyroid glands (PTG) in primary and secondary (chronic renal insufficiency) hyperparathyrosis a classification of tumors of this organ is suggested. It takes into account the fact that PTG tumors have a complex histological structure and heterogeneous cellular composition: chief dark, chief clear, transitional oxiphilic, exiphilic, small (round), spindle cells, and C-cells with different structural and functional orientation. Staining with Sudan-III of frozen sections of PTG tissue in primary hyperparathyrosis may be recommended as an additional test for differential diagnosis between adenoma and hyperplasia taking into account that the cytoplasm of chief cells of adenoma contains Sudanophilic bodies, while the cytoplasm of small cells of adenoma and chief (dark and clear) cells of hyperplasid PTG does not. The appearance of C-cells in the thymus, thyroid glands and adenomatous PTG in primary hyperparathyrosis may be considered to be a compensatory-adaptative response to hypercalciemia. Formation of C-cell adenomatosis in a normal PTG combined with PTG adenoma indicates the activity of these glands. PMID- 6625930 TI - [Clinico-morphological characteristics of status thymicolymphaticus in adolescents and adults]. AB - Analysis of 18 autopsy observations of status thymicolymphaticus (STL) in patients aged from 14 to 44 years is presented. The clinical diagnosis of STL in adults was shown to be unsatisfactory because physicians are not properly acquainted with its clinical manifestations. The latter are in some cases conditioned by predominant involvement of the endocrine system, in others by incompetence of immunogenesis. Fatal complications developing in some cases of STL are associated with congenital abnormalities in the cardiovascular system. Morphological signs of STL include hyperplasia of the thymus and lymphoid tissue in combination with adrenal hypoplasia and, in most cases, with cardiovascular abnormalities. This analysis suggests that STL is a congenital syndrome of immunoendocrine insufficiency combined in the great majority of cases with other malformations. PMID- 6625931 TI - [Effect of sodium thiosulfate on morphological manifestations of experimental tuberculosis]. AB - The effect of an antioxidant, sodium thiosulphate (in doses of 100 and 150 mg/kg), on morphological manifestations of experimental tuberculosis was studied in 35 white rats. Sodium thiosulphate exerted a marked antiinflammatory and antisclerogenic effect. Changes in morphology (rearrangement of fibrous connective tissue into loose shapeless tissue with increased number of cell elements, mainly lymphocytes, and changes in the structure of collagen fibers down to granular degeneration) and typical properties of the connective tissues (decreased fuxinophilia, decreased content of proteoglycans and glycoproteins, appearance of picrinophilia) were observed in different periods of tuberculosis development which led to a conclusion that sodium thiosulphate not only partially prevented the crude fibrosis formation but also affected the already formed fibrous tissue by its resorption. PMID- 6625932 TI - [Different variants of kidney lesions in gout]. AB - Two observations of gout with typical articular changes but different variants of renal involvement are presented. One of the cases had typical gouty kidneys, the other had moderate changes typical of gout but with the prevalence of membranous and proliferative processes in the glomeruli with glomerulosclerosis as the end point. Examination of materials from this case in polarized light showed the presence of urate crystals not only in tubules but also in glomeruli. PMID- 6625933 TI - [Pathomorphological changes in the kidneys in acute intestinal infections in children]. AB - Morphological lesions of the kidneys in 59 autopsy observations of acute intestinal infections in children were studied. The greatest disorders were found in patients with the toxico-septic form of intestinal infections complicated by the development of bacterial shock. Impairments of the microcirculatory hemodynamics accompanied by dystrophic and necrotic changes in the epithelium of the tubules underlie renal lesions. These changes directly depend on the duration of bacterial shock. With a protracted course of bacterial shock acute renal insufficiency develops. In other forms of the disease renal lesions are insignificant and do not constitute a serious part of tanatogenesis. PMID- 6625934 TI - [Prognostic role of morphological characteristics of the immune response in uveal melanoblastomas of various cellular types]. AB - Histological examinations of 508 uveal melanoblastomas revealed morphological features of cell-mediated immune response and signs of degeneration and necrosis in a large number of tumors. Both histochemical and ultrastructural studies indicated a high functional activity of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages infiltrating the tumors. The intensity of lymphocyte-plasma cell infiltration of melanoblastomas was found to depend on the cell type of the tumor, its size, and relation to the surrounding tissues. The results of the study suggest that spindle-cell type A melanoblastomas are the least immunogenic and mixed and epithelioid melanoblastomas are the most immunogenic. It has first been shown that the presence of lymphocyte-plasma cell infiltration in spindle cell type B, mixed, and epithelioid melanoblastomas is an unfavourable prognostic sign. PMID- 6625935 TI - [Changes in the skeletal muscles during experimental ischemia of the extremity]. AB - Histochemical and morphological changes in the tibial and calf muscles of the forelimbs were studied in dogs 3 months after experimentally induced ischemia of varying severity. In moderate ischemia, the activity of oxidation-reduction enzymes increases, that of adenozine triphosphatase decreases. The diameter of muscle fibers increases. These changes are considered to be compensatory. Severe ischemia is accompanied by suppressed activity of succinate dehydrogenase, myofibril damage, and formation of centres of ischemic dystrophy. PMID- 6625936 TI - [Mechanisms of reversibility of fatty degeneration]. AB - Carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT) was determined electron microscopically and histochemically in hepatocytes of patients with cholecystitis and in hepatocytes of fasting rats. In the latter, tests for this enzyme were also done in subcutaneous tissue. Glycogen was determined histochemically in thin sections of hepatocytes from intact rats. CAT was found in mitochondria, microbodies, lysosomes, and degenerating fat inclusions in hepatocytes and cytomembranes of adipocytes. Glycogen accumulations were found in fat inclusions. It was concluded that CAT played a role in resorption of excessive fat from which intracellular glycogen was formed. The myelin-like membrane structures remaining after utilization of fat from fat inclusions were eliminated from the cells and could penetrate into the adjacent capillaries. PMID- 6625937 TI - [Mesenchymal liver hamartoma]. AB - Mesenchymal hepatic hamartoma in 4 children aged 7 months, 13 months, 16 months and 8 years is described on the basis of histological, histochemical, and electron microscopic studies. It is suggested that hepatic hamartoma is a malformation consisting of excessive outgrowth of large intrahepatic bile ducts and their tubular-alveolar glands together with the surrounding connective tissue sheath. PMID- 6625938 TI - [Ultrastructure of the esophageal mucus glands in normal conditions and in esophageal cancer]. AB - The ultrastructure of the glandular apparatus and epithelium of the excretory ducts of esophageal mucous glands proper normally and in esophageal carcinoma was studied electron microscopically. Acinar cells were represented by two kinds, "Dark" and "clear" cells reflecting alternating activity of the secretory cells. The ultrastructural features of the reserve cells of excretory ducts such as hypertrophy of the nucleus, scalloped nuclear membrane, high electron density of the nucleus and cytoplasm, abundance of ribosomes and polysomes allow them to be considered as low differentiated highly active cambial elements. In esophageal carcinoma, reserve cell proliferates of the excretory ducts were found to have granule-containing cells possibly related to the system of serotoninocytes. The reserve cells showed ultrastructural changes with signs of dysplasia. PMID- 6625939 TI - [Morphometric characteristics of squamous cell lung carcinoma (light and electron microscopy studies)]. AB - Combined study of pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma of different degree of cataplasia was carried out at the tissue, cellular, and subcellular levels using a quantitative method of evaluation of different morphological criteria. Most informative criteria reflecting the degree of tumor cataplasia were distinguished: at the histological level--the degree of keratinization and intensity of stratification; at the cytological level--nucleus-cytoplasm ratio; at the electron microscopic level--volume of keratohyalin fraction and the degree of functional activity of polyribosomal apparatus. A definite correlation between these parameters with a high level of significance was established. PMID- 6625940 TI - [Combined histochemical and histostereometric evaluation of the morphogenesis of human aortic atherosclerotic plaques]. AB - Histochemical examinations of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates in aortal preparations from necropsy cases (54 males and 66 females) were combined with histostereometric examinations of the principal structural components of plaques. The lipid portion in the plaques was shown to decrease from 85.6 +/- +/- 4.9% in the stage of lipoidosis to 8.2 +/- 0.9% in the stage of ulceration. The portion of fibrous tissue is the highest in liposclerosis and atheromatosis of plaques (42.0 +/- 3.1 and 46.2 +/- +/- 1.2%, respectively) and that of necrotic and calcified tissues in the stage of ulceration (47.4 +/- 5.2 and 21.4 +/- 17%, respectively). Cellular infiltrations decrease markedly during plaque disintegration only. Such assessment is recommended for comparative studies in atherosclerosis. PMID- 6625941 TI - [Quantitative characteristics of blood redistribution after death by radioactive indication]. AB - The methods of radioactive detection and external radiometry were used to study the distribution of blood in cats and rats during 24 hours after heart arrest. Labeled albumins (131I) and erythrocytes (51Cr) were used as blood indicators. The animals after death were stored in a horizontal or, in some tests, in vertical position at room temperature. The activity was measured in the horizontal and sagittal planes in strictly defined sites (30 altogether) or by scanning of the entire body within 3-5 min after circulation arrest as well as at 5 and 24 hours. No significant changes in distribution of plasma and erythrocytes during 24 hours postmortem in the horizontal position were shown to occur, while in the vertical position there was an insignificant increase of the blood content in the lower part of the body. PMID- 6625942 TI - [Cardiorespiratory evaluation in sedentary subjects during a physical conditioning program]. PMID- 6625943 TI - [Arterial blood pressure and social groups. Epidemiological study]. PMID- 6625944 TI - [Obstruction of the left coronary artery. Report of 7 cases]. PMID- 6625945 TI - [Hemangiomatous tumor of the coronary artery. Report of a case]. PMID- 6625946 TI - [Ebstein's anomaly]. PMID- 6625947 TI - [Writing a scientific paper. III. Tables]. PMID- 6625948 TI - [Ejection fraction of the left ventricle obtained by radioisotopic angiocardiography. Correlation with values provided by conventional ventriculography]. PMID- 6625949 TI - [Influence of the degree of volume overload on the functional class and on the hemodynamics of chronic regurgitant mitral lesions]. PMID- 6625950 TI - [The sinus node in chronic Chagas cardiopathy]. PMID- 6625951 TI - [Physical capacity of migrant workers before and after a balanced diet. Analysis by cycloergometry]. PMID- 6625952 TI - [Crohn disease associated with Turner's syndrome (a possible physiopathological mechanism)]. AB - We describe a patient with Turner's syndrome who has developed chronic diarrhea, anal fissures, rectovaginal and perianal fistulas. Radiological study of the ileum and rectal mucosa biopsy have confirmed the diagnosis of Crohn's disease. Like the majority of patients previously described with similar pathological association, the intestinal disease in our patient starts at the time wherein the pubertal pituitary crisis happens. The lack of gonadal counter-regulation following the pubertal pituitary crisis leads to an hormonal imbalance with elevated FSH and LH levels. We suppose that this hormonal imbalance can activate immunopathogenic mechanisms related to Crohn's disease. PMID- 6625953 TI - [Across gastroenterologic lexicology]. AB - Based on the actual misuse of biomedical words in the literature, the author tries, through some illustrative examples of gastroenterologic lexicology, to establish criteria to a better use of medical terms considering among other factors, its ethymological basis, definition, and polyglottic equivalents in different idioms. PMID- 6625956 TI - Schizophrenia therapy in perspective. PMID- 6625955 TI - Gastric emptying of lactose and glucose-galactose in patients with low intestinal lactase activity. AB - To test the hypothesis that in subjects with low intestinal lactase activity (LLA) lactose solutions leaves the stomach at an abnormally fast rate, we have measured the gastric emptying rate of solutions of lactose and glucose-galactose in patients with LLA (n = 9) and in control subjects with high intestinal lactase levels (n = 7) as proved by the assay of disaccharidases in specimens of intestinal mucosa. The volume of the test meals was 300 ml. Lactose solutions contain 50 g of disaccharide and glucose-galactose solutions contain 25 g of each monosaccharide. The volumes remaining in the stomach at different times after the intragastric instillation of the test meals were estimated by the double sampling test meal. In the control group, minor differences between lactose and glucose galactose gastric emptying rates was found. By contrast, in LLA patients, the lactose meal left the stomach at a significantly faster rate than the glucose galactose test meal. These findings support previous evidence obtained in patients with putatively low intestinal lactase activity and are consistent with the view that duodenal osmoreceptors, whose excitation results in inhibition of gastric emptying, lie deeper than the disaccharidases in intestinal mucosa. Thus, incomplete hydrolysis of lactose results in a faster than normal gastric emptying rate of the sugar and this may contribute to the symptoms found in LLA patients after milk ingestion. PMID- 6625954 TI - [Effect of various therapeutic schedules of antacids on the pH of gastric contents in patients with duodenal ulcer]. AB - Ten patients with uncomplicated duodenal ulcer were given three different therapeutic regimens of antacid experiments II, III and IV, and a control regimen, without antacid, named experiment I. Experiment I consisted of a normal diet with three meals a day; experiment II, III and IV consisted of a diet as in experiment I plus 132,06 mEq, 265,92 mEq or 396,88 mEq respectively of antacid divided in six equal doses given one and three hours after breakfast, lunch and dinner. Having been carefully instructed, the patients were intubated with a gastric tube, which was kept in for five days, receiving in each day one of the aforementioned regimens, in a sequential order. The fifth day was reserved for the augmented Histalog test. Each hour from 8 a.m. to 10 p.m., in the first four days, a sample of the gastric juice was aspirated for pH measurement. The statistical evaluation of the acidity of the samples at different times showed that experiment III (265,92 mEq antacid/day) was able to keep the pH over 3 for longer periods of time when compared with experiments I and II and not different from experiment IV. The present investigation emphasize the necessity of clinical trials comparing therapeutic regimens of antacid with different neutralizing capacity, in order to find the most effective dose in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. PMID- 6625957 TI - Dialysis for schizophrenia. PMID- 6625958 TI - Effectiveness of hemodialysis in chronic schizophrenic patients: a double-blind study. AB - Twenty-four chronic schizophrenic patients were treated with active or sham hemodialysis in a double-blind, randomized-group design. Treatment outcomes, as measured by the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (version PD), are presented. Patients in both active and sham conditions responded to the dialysis process. The research design may have prevented the separation of these groups of responders. Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of hemodialysis on a selected group of schizophrenic patients. PMID- 6625959 TI - Detoxification treatment for chronic schizophrenic patients: experimental results and data from a survey. AB - Blood detoxification as a treatment of schizophrenia has been studied intensively since 1977 by a number of research centers. Results of an open study on 10 chronic schizophrenic patients--two showing improvement--were less favorable than those reported in the initial publications. In order to possibly identify a subgroup of responders to this treatment, a survey was undertaken in which 95 centers were invited to participate. Of the 95 centers which originally treated schizophrenic patients with detoxification and which were asked to send data on these patients to the Registry of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association, 39 centers replied (35 from Europe and four from the United States). From the 100 patients reported on in Europe, 17 were reported to be very much improved and 22 to be improved. Of the patients from the United States, 86% were reported as improved. No subgroup of responders could be identified, and differences between centers concerning nosological subgroups, treatment methods, and results were so great that no real comparison was possible. Although data from this survey are not totally conclusive, in connection with the updated literature they do not encourage further research in this treatment of schizophrenia. PMID- 6625960 TI - Double-blind evaluation of plasmapheresis in schizophrenic patients: a pilot study. AB - Interest in the effects and possible mechanisms of hemodialysis on schizophrenic patients has led to a double-blind evaluation of the effects of plasmapheresis on symptoms of schizophrenia. Also, plasmapheresis was felt to be an invaluable tool for investigating the autoimmune theory of schizophrenia. Patients (n = 10) in the study fulfilled Research Diagnostic Criteria for schizophrenia and were randomly assigned to either sham or active plasmapheresis. They were blindly assessed by staff psychiatrists and nurses. Evaluation of the behavioral ratings revealed no significant decrease in psychosis for either the active or sham group. Also, no individual responding patient was identified. This finding complements our group's early negative results of a hemodialysis experiment and casts doubt on a simple autoimmune hypothesis of schizophrenia. PMID- 6625961 TI - Five-year trial of dialytic treatment for schizophrenia. AB - Thirty schizophrenic patients were treated with hemodialysis for 4-36 months. The clinical results were evaluated using two psychiatric scales: the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the Inpatient Multidimensional Psychiatric Scale. In 13 schizophrenic patients psychiatric symptoms disappeared completely, and complete social reintegration followed. Eight patients showed no significant modification of schizophrenic disease after more than 30 dialysis sessions. Nine patients were not considered because their treatment was interrupted during the first month. Dialysis improved the psychotic attitude in one group of schizophrenic patients. The best results were obtained using polyacrylonitrile membranes. PMID- 6625962 TI - Hemodialysis in the treatment of chronic schizophrenic patients: a double-blind crossover study. AB - In order to examine the reported beneficial effects of hemodialysis in chronic schizophrenic patients, a double-blind crossover study was carried out. Of the 47 patients considered for treatment, 10 diagnosed as chronic schizophrenics according to the Feighner and DSM-III criteria were accepted to the study. Seven of these patients completed the full program, four of whom belonged to a large family with a high incidence of schizophrenia. All patients were on antipsychotic medication throughout the study. Psychopathological evaluations were performed regularly in a blind fashion using the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS) and the Nurse Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation (NOSIE-30). Samples of blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and dialysate were obtained for examination. Three patients improved during active dialysis and two patients improved during sham treatment. Improvement in the five patients took place during the first treatment period. This study failed to demonstrate a therapeutic effect of hemodialysis superior to the sham procedures. PMID- 6625963 TI - Influence of hemodialysis on monoamine oxidase kinetics in platelets from chronic schizophrenic patients. AB - Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in seven chronic schizophrenic patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment was studied. The treatment was performed in a double-blind crossover design. A significant increase in MAO activity was observed after 5 h of active dialysis, whereas inactive dialysis did not significantly alter the enzyme activity. The increase in MAO activity could be explained by the observed significant decrease in apparent Km values for the amine (phenethylamine) studied. During a treatment period of 8 weeks, the MAO activity was not significantly altered with either active or sham dialysis. No relation between clinical ratings and platelet MAO activity was observed. Plasma from the seven patients was collected before and after 5 h of active or inactive dialysis and incubated with rat brain mitochondrial MAO (RBM-MAO). No difference was noted in the RBM-MAO-activity-regulating properties of the plasma sampled during either sham or active dialysis. PMID- 6625965 TI - Chromatographic analysis of urine and dialysate from schizophrenic patients undergoing hemodialysis. AB - Maladjustments in the central nervous system may result in altered concentrations of neuropeptides in cerebrospinal fluid and urine. Urinary protein-peptide precipitates from psychiatric patients have previously been observed to have different chromatographic profiles with regard to the ultraviolet absorbancy at 280 nm. Hemodialysis has previously been reported to improve some schizophrenic patients and has been recommended in treatment trials. Seven chronic schizophrenic patients were selected for hemodialysis in a double-blind crossover study. Specimens of 24-h urine collections were obtained the day before, the day of, and the day after active and sham dialysis. The chromatographic profiles obtained on Sephadex G-25 gel columns did not change with active dialysis. Materials with ultraviolet absorbancy at 280 nm also precipitated from dialysates and showed the same pattern following active and inactive dialysis. Thus, no biochemical evidence for removal of any pathogenetic humoral substance during hemodialysis could be provided. PMID- 6625964 TI - Levomepromazine elimination in patients during active and sham hemodialysis. AB - The effect of active and sham dialysis on the plasma concentration of levomepromazine was studied in seven schizophrenic patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment in a double-blind crossover study. Samples of blood were collected before, after 2 h and 5 h of treatment, and once a week during the treatment program. The plasma concentrations decreased during both active and sham dialysis. The data indicate that there was no significant difference in the elimination of the drug between active and sham hemodialysis. PMID- 6625966 TI - Schizophrenia and dialysis. AB - Open-trial reports of substantial clinical improvement in most schizophrenic patients on hemodialysis for their psychiatric condition prompted the present study to determine the efficacy of hemodialysis under double-blind, controlled conditions. Fifteen schizophrenic outpatients were randomly assigned to either a real-sham or sham-real dialysis treatment sequence. Presented in detailed, graphic form, results of repeated measurement and other analyses of symptom and behavioral data collected initially, at crossover, and at the end of treatment revealed no differential effects between real and sham dialysis. These results provide important experimental evidence of the lack of therapeutic efficacy of hemodialysis in schizophrenia. PMID- 6625967 TI - Unipuncture membrane plasmapheresis. AB - A simple method of plasma exchange is presented that uses a hollow-fiber plasma filter together with conventional unipuncture dialysis equipment. The procedure was well tolerated for eight biweekly sessions in a patient with metastatic breast cancer. PMID- 6625968 TI - Intravenous balloon pumping for acute right ventricular failure. AB - A patient with acute right ventricular failure and severe hemodynamic instability following coronary artery revascularization was treated with intra-aortic and intravenous balloon pumping. The intravenous balloon was timed to inflate during diastole and deflate during systole as did the intra-aortic balloon; in fact, the two were connected to the same system through a Y-connector. The intravenous balloon acted as an artificial atrium, which allowed approximately 20% improvement in the cardiac output when this intravenous balloon was functioning. Hemodynamic stability was achieved with this system. Intravenous balloon pumping should be considered for patients with unstable hemodynamics secondary to acute right ventricular failure. PMID- 6625969 TI - Long-term support of hepatic excretory function by perfusion of plasma and blood through synthetic resin. AB - In a patient with advanced primary biliary cirrhosis, 55 resin perfusions were performed which were accompanied by marked improvement in the patient's condition and laboratory findings. PMID- 6625970 TI - Hollow-fiber oxygenators. PMID- 6625971 TI - Comparison of hollow-fiber dialyzers. PMID- 6625972 TI - Polyurethanes in medical-technics. PMID- 6625973 TI - Multiple sclerosis. Proceedings of the International Conference on Therapeutic Trials in Multiple Sclerosis. Grand Island, NY, April 23-24, 1982. PMID- 6625974 TI - Scoring techniques and problems in the evaluation of change in patients. PMID- 6625975 TI - Common problems in designing therapeutic trials in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6625976 TI - Choice of therapeutic agents for trial. PMID- 6625977 TI - Financing of clinical trials. PMID- 6625978 TI - Development of simple trial protocols. PMID- 6625979 TI - Patient selection and criteria. PMID- 6625980 TI - Ethical and legal aspects of clinical trials. PMID- 6625981 TI - A working protocol to be used as a guideline for trials in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6625982 TI - Quantitative computed tomographic analysis in the diagnosis of dementia. AB - We compared the computed tomographic (CT) scans of 46 patients with dementia with those of 46 normal subjects matched for age and sex. We measured the areas subtended by the third ventricle, frontal horns, bodies of the lateral ventricles, and interhemispheric fissure as depicted in CT sections, then determined the ratio between each of those areas and the entire brain at each level. Patients with dementia had significantly larger ratios on all measures. A multivariate classification procedure showed that a composite formula of two measures, the bodies of the lateral ventricles and the interhemispheric fissure, predicted clinical status in 84% of the cases. Findings indicated that some CT measurements reflected cerebral changes associated with dementia. If appreciated in a suitable probabilistic framework, these data may be clinically useful in supporting or weakening the diagnostic hypothesis of dementia in the many cases in which diagnosis is unclear. PMID- 6625984 TI - Language in the nondominant right hemisphere. AB - Language function was evaluated in the right nondominant hemisphere in three patients undergoing cortical resection for intractable seizures. Three linguistic tests were given during electrical stimulation of the cortex. They represented three different levels of language complexity from lowest to highest as follows: task 1, object naming; task 2, sentence completion; and task 3, responsive naming. The greatest number of linguistic errors occurred with sentence completion. No linguistic errors were made on the most complex task. Wada's test in the right nondominant hemisphere did not impair function, whereas in the left dominant hemisphere it did. To make these seemingly incompatible observations acceptable, we speculate that there is a right nondominant language system that is anatomically and functionally tied to the left dominant system. Under normal conditions it is passively involved and its integrity is not essential to the function of the left dominant language system. PMID- 6625983 TI - Aphemia. Clinical-anatomic correlations. AB - A syndrome of dysarthria following the appearance of small left frontal-lobe lesions has been recognized for many years but identified by numerous labels. Varied terminology has led to confusion in the literature and inadequate recognition of this syndrome as a distinctive clinical entity. We gathered clinical and anatomic (computed tomographic) data on four patients with this dysarthric syndrome and reviewed cases from the literature that contained sufficient clinical and anatomic data for comparison. These patients had a distinctive syndrome of dysarthria without aphasia, caused by small lesions of the motor system for articulation: pars opercularis, inferior prerolandic gyrus, or white matter deep to those regions. This syndrome should be distinguished from Broca's aphasia, Broca's area aphasia, transcortical aphasia, and subcortical aphasia. Aphemia is not mild Broca's aphasia; it is severe dysarthria, at times in the setting of transient Broca's aphasia. PMID- 6625986 TI - Visual neglect in Parkinson's disease. AB - Recent studies have documented the presence of neglect in patients with subcortical lesions. In this study, we gave 31 patients with Parkinson's disease (14 bilateral, seven right sided and ten left sided) a visual cancellation test. Visual neglect was found only in the bilateral and left-sided parkinsonian patients. These data support the hypothesis that subcortical structures are involved in attentional mechanisms and indicate the dominance of the right hemisphere for these mechanisms. PMID- 6625985 TI - Aprosodia in Chinese patients with right cerebral hemisphere lesions. AB - Recent publications, all involving native speakers of English, have established that lesions in the right cerebral hemisphere produce a deficit in the comprehension and execution of tonal change in language related to the affective component of prosody. We tested 12 Chinese patients with right-hemisphere lesions and seven controls for comprehension, discrimination, repetition, and expression of prosody and gesture. In 11 of the 12 patients, aprosodia was identified. The subjects were also tested for their ability to detect semantic tonal difference in Chinese. Only five of the 12 showed a mild deficit in this task, suggesting that the left cerebral hemisphere is more dominant for comprehension of tone essential to word meaning. PMID- 6625987 TI - Gait disorders among elderly patients. A survey study of 50 patients. AB - A series of 50 patients (mean age, 79.5 years) were examined for undiagnosed gait disorders. A single causal diagnosis was made in 56% (28) of the patients. Myelopathy from cervical spine disease was a common cause in 16% (eight patients). Eighteen percent (nine patients) had multiple sensory disorders. Sixteen percent (eight patients) had an idiopathic senile gait disorder, as defined by failure to establish other causes. Twenty-four percent (12 patients) had disorders for which effective primary therapy was available. As a group, patients with gait disorders had ventricular enlargement by computed tomography, when compared with age-matched controls. PMID- 6625988 TI - The diagnostic assessment of single seizures. Is cranial computed tomography necessary? AB - To determine the usefulness of cranial computed tomography (CCT) in adults with a single seizure, we prospectively examined 62 such patients who were initially seen within 24 hours of the event. Age range was 16 to 86 years. Seizure was partial in ten patients and generalized in 52. Neurologic examination results were abnormal in 28 and normal in 34. Laboratory studies, including EEG and CCT, were completed within the subsequent 24 hours. In 29 patients, CCT was abnormal. Only nine of them had normal neurologic examination results, and only four also had a normal EEG. In these, generalized atrophy was the only CCT abnormality. None of the nine occurred in patients aged 16 to 30 years. We concluded that CCT is not essential for patients aged 16 to 30 years who have normal examination results. In patients aged 31 years or older with normal examination results and normal EEG, CCT may be abnormal but is unlikely to provide essential information. Irrespective of age or seizure type, CCT is useful and essential in patients with abnormal neurologic examination results. PMID- 6625989 TI - Persisting neurologic sequelae of lithium carbonate therapy. AB - Persisting neurologic damage rarely follows lithium salt therapy. We encountered two cases and found 15 others in the literature. There are usually signs of damage at multiple sites in the nervous system, but cerebellar features tend to be most prominent. The patient's sex and age, the lithium ion dosage, and the maximum blood levels of lithium ion do not correlate well with the persistence of damage. Individual susceptibility may be important. Severe lithium ion intoxication may occur in the first one or two months after the drug is introduced but can arise even after several years of satisfactory maintenance therapy at a constant dosage. Infection, dehydration, deteriorating renal function, or the addition of other drugs to the regimen may precipitate acute toxicity. Neurologic damage can occur despite low plasma levels of lithium ion. The patient's clinical state may be the best indication of intoxication. PMID- 6625990 TI - Plasmapheresis with immunosuppression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. AB - Four patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and one with progressive muscular atrophy were treated with large-volume plasmapheresis combined with immunosuppression. Assessment of muscle strength and functional ability was performed during a period of time ranging from 6.2 to 13 months. Patients were compared with a clinically matched control group. Both treated and untreated patients continued to show similar deterioration. The results of this study failed to show any therapeutic benefit of plasmapheresis with immunosuppression in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PMID- 6625992 TI - Monocular polyopia. AB - A patient with monocular polyopia underwent extensive neurologic investigation over a two-year period. Ocular examination disclosed a corneal degenerative change as the cause, and symptomatic relief was obtained with pilocarpine hydrochloride drops. PMID- 6625991 TI - Downbeat nystagmus. Long-term therapy with moderate-dose lithium carbonate. AB - Downbeat nystagmus developed in a 67-year-old hypomagnesemic woman while she was receiving lithium carbonate for depression. This nystagmus abated each time lithium carbonate therapy was withdrawn, and no alternative causes of nystagmus were demonstrated. However, this nystagmus occurred despite serum lithium carbonate levels in the nontoxic range. Total-body magnesium deficiency may have enhanced the toxic effect of lithium carbonate on cerebellomedullary connections. PMID- 6625993 TI - Syringomesencephalia. Report of a case. AB - A woman had progressive neurologic deterioration attributed to multiple sclerosis. Ophthalmologic findings were consistent with a unilateral lesion of the medial longitudinal fasciculus. Autopsy disclosed a mesencephalic syrinx and cerebellar atrophy secondary to alcoholism. Syringomesencephalia is distinctly uncommon; this is the third known case to our knowledge. PMID- 6625994 TI - Acute cerebellar ataxia and hearing loss as initial symptoms of infectious mononucleosis. AB - A 16-year-old boy had symptoms and signs of cerebellar ataxia and hearing loss. He had no systemic manifestations of infectious mononucleosis and no lymphocytosis. Results of a test for infectious mononucleosis were positive and there was a fourfold rise of serum antibody titer to Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen. The patient recovered from ataxia but the hearing loss persisted. We reviewed the English literature and 15 cases of cerebellar ataxia associated with infectious mononucleosis were collected. In four of these cases, cerebellar ataxia was the sole manifestation of infectious mononucleosis but no patient had a hearing loss. All patients recovered from ataxia. PMID- 6625995 TI - Aberrant regeneration of the third nerve following orbital trauma. Synkinesis of the iris sphincter. AB - A patient had aberrant regeneration of the inferior branch of the third nerve following penetrating orbital trauma. Examination of the right eye showed no light perception and a pupil that was nonreactive to accommodation, direct, and consensual light stimuli. However, on downgaze, there was marked constriction of the pupil in the blind eye. The phenomenon of oculomotor misdirection is discussed with respect to aberrant regeneration, ephaptic transmission, chromatolysis-induced nuclear reorganization, and recent neurophysiologic studies. Our case provides strong support for the concept of peripheral aberrant regeneration as the mechanism underlying some instances of oculomotor misdirection after third-nerve palsy. PMID- 6625996 TI - Achondroplasia associated with obstructive sleep apnea. PMID- 6625998 TI - Lightning pains in ankylosing spondylitis: response to carbamazepine. PMID- 6625997 TI - Auditory evoked potentials in gliomas of the brain stem. PMID- 6625999 TI - Prevalence of psychosis in temporal lobe epilepsy. PMID- 6626000 TI - Retinoma, retinocytoma, and the retinoblastoma gene. PMID- 6626001 TI - Retinocytoma. A benign variant of retinoblastoma. AB - Six examples of a distinctive benign retinal tumor, occurring in five children and treated only by enucleation, were studied by light and electron microscopy and tested for S-100 protein, a glial-cell tissue marker. The small placoid, noninvasive lesions were composed entirely of benign-appearing cells with numerous fleurettes. These tumors showed no necrosis or mitotic activity. Ultrastructurally, they were composed predominantly of neuronal cells exhibiting photoreceptor differentiation. Some tumor cells had cytologic features of Muller's fibers and other glial cells that in one lesion stained positively for S 100 protein. In two patients there was a family history of retinoblastoma. All children were alive and well at follow-up examinations conducted three to 14 years after enucleation. To expand our concept of retinoblastoma to include this benign variant, we propose the term "retinocytoma." Although clinically and morphologically distinct from retinoblastoma, retinocytoma should carry the same genetic implication as its malignant counterpart. PMID- 6626002 TI - Autosomal dominant exudative vitreoretinopathy. AB - Eight family members had familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. They exhibited a variety of clinical stages of the disease process. Some clinical findings included retinal detachment, fibrovascular masses with dragged disc and macula, neovascular fronds and intraretinal deposits. The fundus and angiographic findings were found to be similar to those in cases reported previously. Electroretinograms were normal. Of particular interest in this pedigree was the sole clinical finding of isolated intraretinal deposits in four family members. This characteristic may represent a mild expression of the disease and warrant appropriate genetic counseling. Our study confirms the variable clinical expression of the disease. PMID- 6626003 TI - Prophylactic laser photocoagulation in hereditary snowflake vitreoretinal degeneration. A family report. AB - Examination of 37 members of a family revealed that 17 had snowflake vitreoretinal degeneration. All those affected showed some evidence of vitreous degeneration and 13 had retinal changes with differing degrees of severity. Vitreal changes may thus present as an early stage when hardly any retinal pathology is apparent. Peripheral retinal neovascularization was seen in four patients. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment developed in two eyes and retinal breaks in six additional eyes. Because of the poor surgical prognosis in such cases, prophylactic treatment with argon laser photocoagulation is recommended for any type of retinal break. PMID- 6626004 TI - Preliminary visual results of pediatric epikeratophakia. AB - Although cataract surgery is feasible in children with unilateral cataracts, visual rehabilitation depends on optical correction and conscientiously maintained amblyopia therapy. Epikeratophakia for the correction of aphakia was performed in 47 children (50 grafts). Postoperative keratometry readings showed an average increase of 12.68 diopters in early patients. With new tissue-handling techniques, the last eight patients showed an average increase of +16.80 D, with 0.64-D overrefraction for emmetropia. Visual results indicate that epikeratophakia is an effective primary procedure for patients with unilateral traumatic cataracts and that it is superior to leaving vision uncorrected in children who have had unilateral congenital cataracts removed and are contact lens intolerant. Further studies with younger patients will be necessary to define its role in neonates; however, individual results demonstrate that good vision is obtainable with epikeratophakia. PMID- 6626005 TI - Demographic and predisposing factors in corneal ulceration. AB - We identified 224 patients hospitalized with corneal ulcerations at the University of Michigan Hospitals, Ann Arbor, between May 1975 and September 1981, and performed a chart review on a random sample of these cases. Bimodality in the patients' age distribution was attributed to nonsurgical ocular trauma in the younger group, and predisposing keratitis, surgical trauma, bullous keratopathy, and entropion in the older group. Bacterial and postherpetic causes accounted for 52 (52%) of the sampled cases. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were the major isolates. Important predisposing factors included nonsurgical and surgical trauma, herpetic keratitis, contact lens wear, corticosteroid therapy, and bullous keratopathy. Both age and visual acuity on admission had prognostic implications for improvement in visual acuity after treatment. PMID- 6626006 TI - Pseudomonas corneal ulcer with extended-wear soft contact lenses for myopia. AB - Extended-wear soft contact lenses for myopic correction are becoming a more frequent alternative to spectacles. The risk of corneal ulceration with their use exists. In our patient, a 29-year-old woman, a severe Pseudomonas aeruginosa corneal ulcer developed after the use of extended-wear contact lenses for myopia. PMID- 6626007 TI - Dendritic corneal lesions associated with soft contact lens wear. AB - Two cases of dendritic lesions associated with soft contact lens wear occurred that were referred as cases of herpes simplex keratitis. Lesions resolved after temporary discontinuation of soft lens wear and conversion to thermal sterilization. The pseudodendrite is presumed to result from a toxic or hypersensitivity reaction to contact lens material or to components of chemical sterilization systems. Several dendritic lesions may be confused with herpes simplex. The soft contact lens associated pseudodendrite is added to this list. Accurate diagnosis can be made by careful attention to the clinical history and the morphologic features of the dendrite in most cases. PMID- 6626008 TI - Amiodarone-induced lens opacities. AB - Amiodarone hydrochloride is a benzofurane derivative used for cardiac abnormalities. Its use is commonly associated with an asymptomatic keratopathy. Although lipid deposits have been observed with the electron microscope in the lens epithelium of one patient with a history of amiodarone therapy, lens opacities have not been reported in patients using this drug. Visually inconsequential, anterior subcapsular lens opacities in seven of 14 patients using moderate to high doses of amiodarone who were examined at the Veterans Administration Hospital in San Francisco are reviewed. PMID- 6626009 TI - Postradiation leiomyosarcoma of the orbit complicating bilateral retinoblastoma. AB - A 31-year-old woman had bilateral retinoblastoma diagnosed in early childhood. The right eye was enucleated at the age of 1 year, and the left eye was treated with radiation therapy (a total dose of 16,000 rad). Twenty-three years later, in 1975, a subcutaneous mass was noted in the left periorbital region. A biopsy specimen of the mass was taken and a diagnosis of pleomorphic postradiation sarcoma was made. Electron microscopic studies of the periorbital mass confirmed the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma. After additional radiation therapy, the residual mass was surgically excised. Five years later, a right renal mass, which histologically proved to be a renal cell carcinoma, was discovered. She was treated with nephrectomy, radiation, and chemotherapy. A recent follow-up examination disclosed that the patient is alive and apparently without any evidence of metastatic disease, 30 years after the diagnosis of bilateral retinoblastoma was made. The literature is reviewed regarding postradiation sarcomas and the occurrence of second malignant neoplasms in patients with retinoblastoma. PMID- 6626010 TI - Orbital leiomyosarcoma after radiation therapy for bilateral retinoblastoma. AB - Leiomyosarcoma rarely occurs in the orbit and is seldom encountered as a postirradiation sarcoma in any anatomic location. Three patients with bilateral retinoblastoma who had received radiation therapy are known to have orbital leiomyosarcoma develop in their third decade of life. The clinical and pathological data pertaining to two of these patients are given and discussed herein. PMID- 6626011 TI - Orbital leiomyosarcoma. AB - A 36-year-old man had a six-month history of painless swelling in the medial orbit. Surgical exploration of this mass revealed a leiomyosarcoma. The tumor was entirely removed, as was all local surrounding tissue. PMID- 6626012 TI - Cartilage choristoma of the eye. AB - A young girl had a rigid, white tumor that penetrated the sclera. It was partially resected, and histopathologic study demonstrated choristoma of elastic cartilage. PMID- 6626013 TI - Mucoepidermoid carcinomas of the lacrimal sac. AB - Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a malignant tumor containing both neoplastic mucin producing cells and epidermoid cells. To the only reported case arising in the lacrimal sac, we add three additional cases. All three were locally aggressive and required orbital exenterations. No deaths from metastatic disease occurred. PMID- 6626014 TI - Elastofibroma oculi. AB - A 69-year-old woman had a placoid lesion extending from the temporal limbus with a ptyergioid head to involve extensively the temporal epibulbar conjunctiva, the superolateral and inferolateral fornices, and the lateral canthus. It was composed of thickened bundles of collagen, scattered islands of adipose tissue, and abundant refractile linear elastinophilic structures. Electron microscopy confirmed that the elastinophilic structures were mature elastic fibers embedded within markedly thickened bundles of collagen. This lesion resembles elastofibromas that occur in a subscapular location. Elastofibroma oculi is distinguishable from the more common pterygium and pinguecula by the sparing of the immediate subepithelial zone of the conjunctiva, which is preferentially involved by these other lesions, and by failure to exhibit ultrastructurally microfibrillar aggregates and dystrophic elastic fibers. Both the elastic fibers and thickened bundles of collagen in the elastofibroma are presumed to have arisen from activated fibroblasts. PMID- 6626015 TI - Heredofamilial retinal dystrophy in Guinea baboons. I. A histopathologic study. AB - We performed a histopathologic study of a heredofamilial retinal dystrophy in a colony of Guinea baboons. A bull's-eye appearance was noted in the maculas of six baboons of three generations. Histologic examination of 13 eyes from this colony showed primary degeneration of both rod and cone cells initially in the parafoveal region, which subsequently involved the photoreceptor cells of the equator and periphery of the retina. The retinal pigment epithelium and choriocapillaris showed mild changes in the early stages. This disease in baboons was compared with various human retinomaculopathies. PMID- 6626016 TI - Choroidal blood flow. III. Reflexive control in human eyes. AB - Choroidal blood flow helps maintain a stable temperature environment for the outer retinal layers, especially in the macular area. Recent studies in monkeys have demonstrated a centrally mediated reflexive mechanism that increases choroidal blood flow in response to light or light-generated heat. This increase in choroidal blood flow can be detected as an elevation in ocular surface temperature. With the use of ocular surface temperature as a semiquantitative index of alterations in choroidal blood flow, the existence of a similar reflex was demonstrated in normal human volunteers. PMID- 6626017 TI - Ultrastructural effects of topical timolol on the rabbit cornea. Outcome alone and in conjunction with a gas permeable contact lens. AB - Corneal epithelial erosions developed in two patients wearing gas permeable contact lenses (Boston) soon after commencing topical timolol maleate therapy. This prompted the following investigation. Forty rabbit corneas were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy after treatment for one month with one of the following: timolol ophthalmic solution, preservative-free timolol, contact lens, contact lens and timolol, contact lens and preservative-free timolol, contact lens and saline, or no treatment. Corneas treated with either timolol or contact lens alone showed mild to moderate edema or degeneration of epithelial and endothelial cells. However, the combined use of a contact lens and timolol produced marked alterations in both the corneal epithelium and endothelium. PMID- 6626018 TI - Aqueous penetration of oral and topical indomethacin in humans. AB - Aqueous humor and serum indomethacin levels were determined following administration of the drug orally, as a topical 1% aqueous suspension and as a topical 1% oil suspension. Patients receiving indomethacin orally had a mean aqueous humor level below the lower limit of sensitivity of the assay, which is also below the level known to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis in vitro and a mean serum level of 642 ng/mL. Patients receiving the topical 1% aqueous suspension had a mean aqueous level of 198 ng/mL and no detectable serum level. Patients receiving the topical 1% oil suspension had a mean aqueous level of 429 ng/mL, which was significantly higher than that of the aqueous suspension. Both topical suspensions yield levels that are able to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. Higher aqueous levels with no detectable blood levels (and thus negligible potential for systemic toxic effects) make the topical route of administration preferable to the oral route. PMID- 6626019 TI - Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis. PMID- 6626020 TI - Lens destruction following capsule perforations. PMID- 6626021 TI - Retinoblastoma. PMID- 6626022 TI - Metastatic colon adenocarcinoma of the middle ear. AB - Malignant tumors of the middle ear and metastases to this region are rare. A case report of metastasis of a colon adenocarcinoma to the middle ear is described. The different routes by which tumor cells reach the middle ear are mentioned and the cases reported in the literature are reviewed. PMID- 6626023 TI - Tracheostomal recurrences after laryngectomy. AB - A clinicopathologic study of 681 laryngectomies performed at the Otorhinolaryngology Clinic of the University of Ferrara forms the basis here of a discussion of the etiopathogenesis of the postsurgical tracheostomal recurrence. Special attention is paid to the much debated etiopathogenetic role of preoperative tracheotomy. In all classes of material analyzed, tracheostomal recurrence was more frequent in patients with preoperative tracheotomy, though the percentages varied depending on the class. Morphological analysis of original tumor specimens from preoperatively trachetomized patients who later had tracheostomal recurrence, revealed tumors in 4 out of the 11 usable specimens. Of these, two had submucosal infiltration in a peripheral digitation of the tumor; in the other two cases, no contact was observed between the neoplastic infiltration and the outer border of the original tumor. The authors also reviewed the case histories of patients in whom conservative surgery was followed by total laryngectomy because of endolaryngeal recurrence. The high rate of tracheostomal recurrence in this category of patients suggests that the pathogenetic mechanism may be analogous in the two situations: preoperative tracheotomy/tracheostomal recurrence and inadequate conservative surgery/tracheostomal recurrence. PMID- 6626024 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of arteriovenous anastomosis in nasal respiratory mucosa. AB - Arteriovenous anastomosis (AVA) in nasal respiratory mucosa of humans and guinea pigs were studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after removal of extracellular connective tissues by tryptic digestion and HCl hydrolysis. The shape of AVA in humans is different from that in guinea pigs. In guinea pigs, it is simple with no specific structure observed on the vessels. In humans, it is characterized by a spherical swelling at the intermediate segment. The Tunica media of the spherical body is formed by the aggregation of spindle-shaped cells and receives a rich nerve supply. These findings suggest powerful contractility of human AVA compared with guinea pigs. Arteriovenous anastomosis in human nasal respiratory mucosa may strongly influence arterial blood flow into the cavernosus sinusoid and determine the characteristic microcirculatory pattern in human nasal mucosa. PMID- 6626025 TI - Cathepsin-B activity in otosclerosis. AB - Cathepsin-B activity was determined fluorimetrically in the otosclerotic stapes footplate, the stapes superstructure, normal temporal cortical bone, and os frontale osteoma. Measurements with a synthetic substrate made determinations in individual samples possible. The cathepsin-B activity in the otosclerotic stapes footplate was one order of magnitude higher than that of the superstructure, which was not affected by the disease. The cortical bone and the superstructure displayed similar activities, as did os frontale osteoma and otosclerosis. The high lysosomal proteinase activity appears to be closely connected to the otosclerotic bone resorption process. PMID- 6626027 TI - The progression of hearing loss in the early stages of sudden deafness. AB - The pathogenesis of sudden deafness is still not known. Therefore, to clarify its pathophysiology, it is important to know whether the progression of hearing loss occurs in the early stage of sudden deafness. The subjects were 11 patients with sudden deafness showing the progression of hearing loss by pure tone audiometry after the onset of the initial attack of hearing loss. The progression of hearing loss was mostly observed within 4-7 days after the onset of the initial attack. Average hearing loss in initial audiometry was severe and the recovery was poor in the majority of cases. An exploratory tympanotomy was performed in five cases and revealed one case of perilymphatic leak from the round window and another case of suspected round-window membrane rupture. As far as the causes of the progression of hearing loss in the early stage of sudden deafness are concerned, the following could be considered (1) aggravation of viral labyrinthitis, (2) aggravation of the vascular lesion of the inner ear, and (3) rupture of the membranous labyrinth of window(s). PMID- 6626026 TI - TSH-secreting pituitary tumor. A case report. AB - A pituitary tumor secreting thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) only was diagnosed in a 43-year-old man who originally showed signs and symptoms of thyrotoxicosis which recurred twice. Despite normal serum levels of T3 and T4, increased levels of TSH were diagnosed. The pituitary tumor was operated by the transsphenoidal approach. Morphological analysis of tumor tissue showed cellular pleomorphism and regressive changes. Nuclear DNA analysis showed that the tumor had only one cell line and an aneuploid DNA pattern. In vitro culture of tumor tissue confirmed that the tumor secreted TSH only. PMID- 6626028 TI - Compensatory eye movement and gaze fixation upon passive head- and body rotation and active head rotation. AB - To detect differences in compensatory eye movement and gaze fixation, normal subjects and patients with bilateral loss of labyrinthine functions were subjected to passive head-and-body rotation and performed active head rotation. In normal subjects, there was no difference between passive and active rotation with respect to compensatory eye movement in the dark and spatial gaze fixation; on the other hand, the ability to gaze fixedly on a head-fixed target was better during passive than active rotation. In our patients, the findings obtained upon passive rotation resembled those already reported for active rotation, indicating that observing compensatory eye movements and gaze fixation during passive rotation is useful in the detection of disorders of the vestibulo-ocular reflex. PMID- 6626029 TI - Adrenergic and cholinergic receptors in human nasal mucosa in cases of nasal allergy. AB - We have demonstrated for the first time alpha-1 adrenergic, beta-adrenergic, and muscarinic cholinergic receptors in human nasal mucosa obtained from patients with nasal allergy or sinusitis. Using the radioligand 3H-prazosin, 3H dihydroalprenolol (3H-DHA) and 3H-quinaclidinyl benzilate (3H-QNB), we determined the receptor densities (Bmax) and affinities (KD) of alpha-1, beta, and muscarinic receptors. There was an increased number of muscarinic receptors and a decreased number of alpha-1, beta receptors in patients with nasal allergy but not in those with sinusitis. Binding affinities (KD) of alpha-1, beta, and muscarinic receptors were unchanged in all patients with nasal allergy and sinusitis. Disorders of the autonomic nerve receptors appear to play a definite role in pathology of nasal allergy. PMID- 6626030 TI - Age-dependent changes of the compound action potential in the guinea pig. AB - As a measure of age-related changes in the most peripheral neural part of the auditory pathway, the compound action potential of the guinea pig was analyzed. In addition to a marked threshold elevation, there was a significantly lower potential amplitude in old animals. By contrast, the latency of the compound action potential was unchanged. In view of the fact that the relative amplitude increase in the intensity range tested was the same in old as in young animals, the implication is that the auditory-nerve neurons that are still excited do not exhibit functional deterioration with aging. PMID- 6626031 TI - Registration of spontaneous cochlear emissions by means of Fourier transformation. AB - Fourier transformation is a suitable procedure for the detection of spontaneous cochlear emissions. In the setup used, the microphone lies unsupported at the entrance to the external auditory canal; after amplification and optional filtering, the signal is processed digitally. The frequency distribution of the emissions is considerably narrow and shows alterations in frequency and intensity. Emissions seem to occur in slightly damaged cochleas. PMID- 6626032 TI - Hemodilution in sudden deafness: first results. AB - The technique of hemodilution was assessed in 12 cases of sudden hearing loss as it is known to improve peripheral circulation. Good results were obtained in nine patients. The immediacy of the effects suggests the real efficacy of hemodilution as opposed to spontaneous recovery. Hemodilution is supposed to improve oxygenation in the cochlea. This technique is very simple and quick to perform. PMID- 6626033 TI - Uptake and degradation of human chylomicrons by macrophages in culture. Role of lipoprotein lipase. AB - Because macrophages secrete lipoprotein lipase (LPL), we sought to determine if LPL activity would influence the metabolism of chylomicrons by macrophages. In initial studies, we showed that normal chylomicrons were a substrate for the macrophage's LPL activity. Uptake of normal chylomicrons occurred in a saturable fashion and was effectively competed for by human chylomicrons, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and rabbit beta-VLDL, but not by acetyl-low density lipoprotein (LDL), and only modestly by native LDL. When apoprotein C-II deficient chylomicrons were incubated with macrophages, no hydrolysis of triglyceride occurred, yet saturable uptake of chylomicron protein and lipid occurred, demonstrating that LPL activity is not a prerequisite for saturable uptake. However, addition of apo C-II led to marked hydrolysis and enhanced uptake of protein and lipid moieties. When albumin was present in the medium, there was approximately equal enhancement of cellular content of triglyceride and cholesteryl ester, despite the fact that chylomicrons are triglyceride-rich. This was due to uptake of a triglyceride-depleted particle produced by LPL, as well as a preferential re-release of triglyceride. These studies suggest potential pathways by which triglyceride-rich lipoproteins could contribute to accumulation of cholesteryl esters in macrophages, even while only small amounts of triglyceride accumulate. PMID- 6626034 TI - Morphometry of air-drying-induced arteriosclerosis in rat carotid artery. Effect of air-flow rate. AB - Arteriosclerosis in the Wistar rat carotid artery was induced by air drying of the endothelium, a procedure that caused media necrosis. We describe a number of technical modifications that facilitate the procedure and minimize damage to the vessel wall (i.e., media necrosis). A morphometric study of vessel wall changes induced by endothelial denudation at various air-flow rates showed that necrosis of the inner medial layer and lesion size and position were constant at all flow rates used (greater than or equal to 28 ml/min). The extent of necrosis of the outer medial layers, the endothelial repair, and the shape of the lesions varied with the air-flow rate used. Since at an air-flow rate of 28 ml/min medial necrosis was minimal and myointimal lesion development was as extensive as at higher flow rates, we consider this air-flow rate to be optimal for this model of experimental arteriosclerosis. We hypothesize that the shape of the myointimal lesion is determined by the timespan of endothelial denudation and by the availability of smooth muscle cells in necrotic and normal media. Furthermore, the proliferation of the smooth muscle cells and their migration into the intima is probably dominant over the repopulation of the media by these cells. PMID- 6626036 TI - Changing technology in diagnosis. PMID- 6626037 TI - Emergency treatment of head injuries. PMID- 6626035 TI - Workshop on apolipoprotein quantification. PMID- 6626038 TI - Technical advances in obstetrics. PMID- 6626039 TI - Technical advances in treatment of gynaecological malignancy. PMID- 6626040 TI - Technical advances in the investigation of the cardiac patient. AB - Patients who never have experienced symptoms of heart failure or ischaemia but who demonstrate abnormalities have a much better prognosis than their symptomatic counterparts. At present the significance of some detected abnormalities is unknown: caution in interpreting these is advised and whenever possible an optimistic outlook should be given to the patient. PMID- 6626042 TI - Cautionary tales. An impossible hole in the head. PMID- 6626041 TI - Technical advances in the investigation of gastroenterological problems. PMID- 6626044 TI - Personal health records (PHR). PMID- 6626043 TI - Why is epilepsy regarded as a form of deviance? PMID- 6626045 TI - Carbohydrates of the milk of the platypus. AB - Twelve samples of milk of the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus, had a mean content of 3 X 3% hexose. Of this, almost half was L-fucose. Of the total monosaccharides present in acid hydrolysates of the water-soluble carbohydrates, L-fucose constituted 33%, D-galactose 29%, glucosamine 20%, D-glucose 11% and sialic acid 7%. Free lactose was found in only trace amounts. In all samples, the major oligosaccharide was difucosyllactose, which represented 39-52% of the total hexose. Five higher neutral oligosaccharides (from penta- to nonasaccharides) were isolated and their monosaccharide compositions determined. Each contained one or more residues of fucose, glucosamine and galactose and one residue of glucose. The presence in the milk of 4-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminlactose was detected by thin-layer chromatography. All milk samples examined contained protein material (probably glycoprotein), which was not precipitated by chloroform-methanol extraction. No evidence was obtained for quantitative or qualitative changes in carbohydrates during the course of the lactation season except for a small decline in total hexose towards the end of the season. PMID- 6626046 TI - Note on the paper 'Effects of scopolamine hydrobromide on the development of the chick and rabbit embryo' by W. G. McBride, P. H. Vardy and J. French. PMID- 6626047 TI - Perinatal changes in plasma oestradiol-17 beta, cortisol and progesterone and the initiation of lactation in sows. PMID- 6626049 TI - Comparison of mammary gland function during the ovulatory menstrual cycle and acute breast inflammation in women. PMID- 6626048 TI - Saliva and breast milk composition during the menstrual cycle of women. AB - Two acute changes in breast milk composition occur during the ovulatory menstrual cycle of women. To determine whether these changes were peculiar to the mammary gland, the composition of unstimulated whole saliva was followed during the menstrual cycle of women. This investigation showed acute, 3-9-fold increases in the concentration of glucose in saliva during the ovulatory menstrual cycle of lactating women. These changes were synchronous with changes in the concentrations of Na and K in breast milk. In contrast to salivary glucose, milk glucose decreased at these times. Milk glucose values were 1.3-fold lower on these days than on the days preceding and following the decrease. Similar acute increases were observed in salivary glucose of non-lactating women. The total duration of the changes in milk and saliva composition was 12-32 h. No cyclic changes in the concentration of glucose were observed in the saliva from women taking oral contraceptives. Since two different epithelial glands are affected simultaneously during the menstrual cycle, it is likely that a hormonal mechanism is involved. Moreover, since the acute increases in salivary glucose also occurred in non-lactating women, we suggest that the factors causing the changes in milk composition are not just a consequence of lactation and are probably closely associated with the hormones controlling the menstrual cycle in all women. PMID- 6626050 TI - Plasma clearance and distribution of 125I-ovine placental lactogen in sheep. AB - The plasma clearance of 125I-ovine placental lactogen (125I-oPL) in pregnant, non pregnant and foetal sheep followed a biphasic exponential curve. The initial half life (t1(1/2)) of the hormone ranged from 5.7-12.7 min. The molecular identity of 125I-oPL in plasma samples was examined by gel filtration chromatography. At the end of blood sampling, the high concentrations of radioactivity in the thyroid, kidney and urine were largely non-protein-bound. A similar pattern was obtained for the low concentration of radioactivity in amniotic fluid. The maternal-foetal compartments showed negligible bi-directional transfer of radioactivity. The plasma t1(1/2) of 125I-oPL determined here provides evidence that the hormone has a short biological half-life in sheep. The virtual lack of placental passage of the hormone implies discrete mechanisms for unidirectional secretion of oPL into the two circulatory systems. Our data also suggest the importance of the kidneys in the metabolism of the hormone. PMID- 6626051 TI - Inhibition by lanthanum of the calcium paradox phenomenon in rat heart. AB - Injury is sustained by isolated hearts on repletion with calcium after a short period of perfusion with calcium-free medium at 37 degrees. A possible mechanism for the 'calcium paradox' is that exposure to a calcium-fre medium removes extracellular calcium rendering the sarcolemma more permeable to calcium. On calcium repletion, cell injury is triggered by calcium influx. Since lanthanum is known to displace calcium from extracellular pools in heart, it was used in an attempt to modulate the injury of the calcium paradox. The presence of 10 microM lanthanum in the calcium-free perfusion fluid was found to inhibit totally protein release normally produced by subsequent calcium exposure. When lanthanum was added after the calcium-free period and before calcium repletion, protein release was only partly prevented. This shows that a change in membrane properties occurred during the calcium-free perfusion period which could be prevented, but not reversed, by the addition of lanthanum. PMID- 6626052 TI - Limitations of standard filtration techniques in measuring specific binding of transported substrates to renal plasma membranes. AB - Under equilibrium conditions, the specific binding of 14C-alpha-methyl-D glucoside and 14C-p-aminohippurate to brushborder and basolateral membranes of rabbit kidney cortex could not be quantitated using standard filtration techniques. It was concluded that the low receptor affinities of these transported solutes and the masking of bound isotopic counts by vesicular uptake prevented accurate measurement of specific binding activities. PMID- 6626053 TI - Investigation with dexamethasone of the processes which moderate immunity against the nematode, Haemonchus contortus, in sheep. AB - Treatment of sheep with the corticosteroid, dexamethasone, was used to investigate some properties of the immunoregulatory process which dampens the expression of protective responses against the abomasal nematode, Haemonchus contortus, and which may occur as an adaptation for evasion of host immunity by this parasite. The protective responses released by giving dexamethasone early in infection operated during a series of superimposed infections. Accordingly, they may also operate during field exposure to the parasite. Dexamethasone-released protective responses acted earlier than 7 days after infection. Accordingly, there is no reason to suggest that they are distinct from the responses which usually produce refractoriness to infection. Results from two consecutive but not superimposed infections show that activity of the immunoregulatory process identified by dexamethasone treatment can persist for a month. This implies that there is memory for immunoregulation in infection by H. contortus. PMID- 6626054 TI - Effects of cobalt-chrome alloy wear particles on the morphology, viability and phagocytic activity of murine macrophages in vitro. AB - Metallic wear particles were prepared from orthopaedic cobalt-chrome alloy by milling in medium supplemented with 20% foetal calf serum to maintain particle dispersion. The size distribution of particles was determined by sedimentation and centrifugation and particle concentration was assessed using light extinction. Monolayers of mouse peritoneal macrophages were exposed to metal particles at different concentrations for varying periods. After 4 h of exposure to particle concentrations exceeding 30 micrograms/ml there was a progressive decline in cell viability, and light and electron microscopy showed that surviving cells had assumed remarkably smooth profiles and contained abundant endocytosed metal. Phagocytic uptake of polystyrene spherules was inhibited markedly by exposure to metal particles even at concentrations at which macrophages remained 100% viable, and preceded the reduction of viability at higher concentrations. The findings are consistent with a pathological role for the metallic wear particles observed frequently within macrophages in the synovial tissues around loose artificial joints in humans. PMID- 6626055 TI - Cardiovascular manifestations of Kawasaki disease Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, experience 1974-1981. AB - A review was undertaken of all patients with Kawasaki disease admitted to the Royal Children's Hospital. Their cardiovascular manifestations were reviewed and found to be similar to those reported overseas. The series totalled 21 patients, including five who developed cardiac failure. There were three deaths. Treatment varied but was mainly supportive though low dose aspirin has increasingly been used. PMID- 6626056 TI - Ear anomalies, deafness and facial nerve palsy in infants of diabetic mothers. AB - Two children with an unusual combination of ear anomalies, deafness and facial nerve palsy are described. They are both children of insulin dependent diabetic mothers. There is no other family history of genetic deafness or congenital anomaly. The defects in both children may be accounted for by abnormal embryological development of the petrous temporal bone. It is postulated that poor metabolic control of the diabetes has led to these malformations. PMID- 6626057 TI - Ventricular tachycardia in a neonate secondary to hyperkalaemia. AB - We report a preterm infant with ventricular arrhythmias secondary to hyperkalaemia in the first 48 hours of life. The arrhythmias were life threatening and required pharmacological and electrical cardioversion. Aspects of neonatal hyperkalaemia and related arrhythmias are discussed. PMID- 6626058 TI - Management and Prognosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 6626059 TI - Nutrition in the first year of life in a multi-ethnic poor socio-economic municipality in Melbourne. AB - In a longitudinal epidemiological study of 304 consecutively born infants in a poor socio-economic multi-ethnic municipality (Brunswick) nutrition was suboptimal in approximately 50%. This was mainly due to a high failure rate in establishing effective lactation in the 82% of mothers who commenced breast feeding, but also to the early and frequent feeding of solids, usually refined carbohydrates, and minimal use of fresh fruit and vegetables. The low rate of breast feeding to 6 months in Brunswick (16% compared with the State of Victoria average of 27%) was associated with demographic changes due to immigration. Of the 304 mothers, 62% were born overseas, most had limited schooling, no working skills, and 50% were unable to speak English. Successful breast feeding was positively correlated with better education and working skills while early introduction of solids and canned food was negatively correlated. Professional advice and influence in infant feeding was very limited as most mothers decided their feeding methods on their own preferences or their experience with other children, or on advice from their own mothers or relatives. These findings indicate that it will be a slow and complex task to change attitudes and teach poorly educated mothers, especially immigrants with limited English, the importance of optimum nutrition. PMID- 6626060 TI - When does reflux oesophagitis occur with gastro-oesophageal reflux in infants? A clinical and endoscopic study, and correlation with outcome. PMID- 6626061 TI - Inhaled Fenoterol powder in asthma: a long term study. AB - A study was designed to assess the long term efficacy of Fenoterol powder in asthmatic children. The design included an initial assessment period and a further evaluation after six months, in which Fenoterol or placebo treatments were administered on consecutive days. Objective measurements were obtained from PEFR and FEV1. A diary record was kept to monitor compliance and side effects. A minimum dose of 200 mcg Fenoterol powder was prescribed three times per day. The bronchodilator action of Fenoterol was sustained after a period of six months, in the absence of significant side effects. PMID- 6626062 TI - The pattern of endemic parvovirus infection in four pig herds. AB - Serological surveys were conducted on the gilts and adult sows in 4 herds endemically infected with porcine parvovirus. The study assessed the influence of the type of management of breeders on the spread of virus infection and the influence of endemic parvovirus infection on reproductive parameters of the herd. The practice of holding gilts and sows in groups did not reliably promote infection or maintain a 100% level of active immunity amongst adult sows in 2 of 3 group husbandry herds. In the 4 herds, the prevalence of adult sows (greater than 12 months) with active immune haemagglutination inhibition titres (greater than or equal to 256) ranged between 44% and 100%, while between 0% and 100% of gilts (6 to 12 months of age) had active immune titres. Fully susceptible gilts older than 9 months of age held in groups, failed to become infected by 12 months of age on farms endemically infected with PPV. In 2 herds a continued low infection rate of gilts resulted in increasing the potential of breeding animals becoming susceptible to parvovirus infection as infected sows were replaced by noninfected gilts. In both herds, epidemics of parvovirus infection followed, which were characterised by an increase in reproductive failure. Parvovirus infection during the first 70 days of pregnancy reduced the average number of piglets born alive per litter by 1.6 piglets (p less than 0.05). This was due to the combined effect of more piglets being born dead per litter and an overall reduction in litter size. PMID- 6626063 TI - Vaccination of cattle against brucellosis using either a reduced dose of strain 19 or one or two doses of 45/20 vaccine. AB - Three groups, each of 14 mature Jersey heifers, were vaccinated. They were mated about 2 months later and those that became pregnant were challenged at about 6.5 months of pregnancy by the conjunctival application of virulent Brucella abortus. Group 1 heifers received 2 doses of B. abortus 45/20 vaccine 2 months apart. Only 5 of the 14 heifers became pregnant, and of these 5 only one resisted challenge. Group 2 heifers received only one dose of 45/20 vaccine, 5 of the 10 challenged resisted infection. Group 3 heifers received 3 x 10(8) cfu of strain 19. Six of the 10 heifers challenged resisted infection. All of 5 non-vaccinated control cattle became infected. It appeared advantageous to give only one dose of 45/20 rather than 2 as presently recommended. A single dose of 45/20 vaccine induced resistance to virulent B. abortus approximately equal to that given by the reduced dose of strain 19. One dose of 45/20 vaccine stimulated transient serological positivity in 2 of 28 heifers whereas the reduced dose of strain 19 gave rise to persistent titres in 2 of 14 vaccinated heifers. PMID- 6626064 TI - Immunisation of bulls against trichomoniasis. AB - Studies into the immunisation of bulls against infection with Tritrichomonas foetus showed that subcutaneous administration of vaccines containing killed cells of T foetus in a mineral oil adjuvant prevented the eliminated genital infection in most bulls up to the age of 5 years. Immunisation did not effectively prevent or cure infection in bulls older than 5.5 years. PMID- 6626065 TI - Evaluation of clinical and luteolytic effects of a novel prostaglandin analogue in normal and problem mares. AB - Alfaprostal (K 11941), a novel prostaglandin F2 alpha analogue was clinically tested in 24 dioestrous mares, 40 anoestrous mares and 31 postpartum mares, all being given 2 or 3 mg intramuscularly. Blood samples were taken for the determination of plasma progesterone levels and the objective confirmation of luteolytic drug effects. Two hundred and thirty-six mares at the same location were used for comparisons of the rates of pregnancy, early embryonic loss and foaling. Alfaprostol was found to act as a potent luteolytic agent with good oestrus induction, follicular development and normal conception (72.6%) and foaling rate (65.3%). No side effects were observed. Treatments commenced early in the season (October), when only 35% of the anoestrous mares showed elevated progesterone levels, but in 80% of anoestrous mares with baseline progesterone levels, alfaprostol initiated heat and ovulation followed by normal fertility. PMID- 6626066 TI - Outbreaks of photosensitisation and deaths in cattle due to Myoporum aff. Insulare R. Br. toxicity. AB - Outbreaks of photosensitisation and deaths in cattle on 5 farms in Victoria occurred following access to Myoporum affinity insulare. Signs were observed 2 to 6 days after access to myoporum trees or pruned branches and included depression, anorexia, photosensitisation, constipation, agalactia, jaundice, and mucosal petechiation. Serum gamma glutamyl transferase and aspartate amino transferase levels were elevated in all cases. Gross findings in fatally intoxicated cows consisted of widespread haemorrhages and pale yellow mottling of the liver. Distinctive histological lesions of periportal hepatic necrosis and bile duct proliferation were seen in all cases. An 8-month-old heifer given 30 g/kg fresh minced leaves by stomach tube died approximately 70 h after initial dosing. Post mortem findings of widespread haemorrhage and hepatic periportal necrosis and bile duct proliferation were identical to those of field cases. PMID- 6626067 TI - Haemophilus parasuis septicaemia in pigs. PMID- 6626068 TI - Hepatopathy in sheep associated with Tribulus terrestris. PMID- 6626069 TI - Isolation of Mycoplasma alkalescens from cases of polyarthritis in embryo transplant calves. PMID- 6626070 TI - Sudden death syndrome in broiler breeders. PMID- 6626071 TI - Oxfendazole treatment of horses. PMID- 6626072 TI - Sunscreen effectiveness: theoretical and practical considerations. PMID- 6626073 TI - Langerhans cell and melanocyte distribution in "normal" human epidermis. Preliminary report. PMID- 6626074 TI - Salicylate pharmacokinetics in the dog at 6 ATA in air and at 2.8 ATA in 100% oxygen. AB - Hyperbaric air and hyperbaric hyperoxia, which have been shown to decrease both liver plasma flow and plasma volume in dogs, may potentially affect the disposition of drugs whose distribution and/or elimination are dependent upon those actions. This study examined the effects of those conditions on the disposition of salicylic acid, using the dog as a model. The drug was administered to six mixed-breed dogs as a 10 mg sodium salicylate/kg i.v. bolus at 1 ATA breathing air (control), at 2.8 ATA breathing 100% O2, and at 6 ATA breathing air, followed by serial blood sampling for 8 h. Statistical analysis showed a significant increase (p less than 0.05) in salicylate clearance at 2.8 ATA compared to control with a subsequent, although not statistically significant, increase in elimination half-life. There were no significant differences between the values observed at 6 ATA and either control or 2.8 ATA. As 100% O2 at 2.8 ATA is used during hyperbaric oxygen medical therapy and during decompression, this change in disposition of this commonly used agent may have implications in man. Studies in man must be conducted, however, to determine if the same conclusions apply. PMID- 6626075 TI - Heart rate variability, cardiac mechanics, and subjectively evaluated stress during simulator flight. AB - The effects of a simulator flight task on the heart rate variation (HRV) and hemodynamic variables were studied in nine pilots with instrument flight ratings. An electrocardiogram (ECG), phonocardiogram (PCG), and impedance cardiogram (ICG) were recorded continuously during three successive flights. Indices of HRV, power spectra, and autocorrelograms were computed from the R-R interval signal. Stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and systolic time intervals (STI) were determined by means of the ECG, PCG, and ICG. A scaling method for a subjective evaluation of tiredness, effort, and success during the flight was used. The repeats of the flight task decreased the heart rate (HR), CO, and cardiac index (CI). The different phases of the flight altered the HR (mean 97 min-1, S.E.M. 4 min-1), total HRV (RMSM) (mean 33 ms, S.E.M. 5 ms), and the periodic HRV. Subjectively, the pilots felt only moderate stress. The subjectively evaluated tiredness was significantly associated with the STI. Moderate informative stress in the flight simulator affected the chronotropic parameters of the heart. The inotropic state of the heart was not affected by the different phases of the flight but possibly by the diminishing sympathetic drive with accommodation during the repeats. PMID- 6626076 TI - Effects of strength training on G tolerance. AB - The G tolerance of pilots flying modern, high-performance fighter aircraft is crucial. Therefore, methods to increase G tolerance are of vital importance. In this study, G tolerance was studied in a human centrifuge using simulated aerial combat maneuvers (ACM)--consisting of 15-s periods of 4.5 and 7 G until exhaustion--before and after 11 weeks of muscle strength training. The ACM-time in 11 fighter pilots was increased after this training by 39%. Gains were observed in knee extensor muscle strength during slow contractions by 17% and in anaerobic power by 14%. Aerobic performance and various muscle histochemical indices, as assessed from muscle biopsy samples obtained from m. vastus lateralis, were unchanged. Neuromuscular adaptation seems to be responsible for the increased muscle strength, as well as for the improved performance of the M-1 straining maneuver. This might explain the enhanced G tolerance. PMID- 6626077 TI - Handgrip and general muscular strength and endurance during prolonged bedrest with isometric and isotonic leg exercise training. PMID- 6626078 TI - Hemodynamic effects of lactated Ringer's solution on hemorrhagic shock during exposure to hyperbaric air and hyperbaric hyperoxia. AB - Three groups of six dogs each were instrumented with an electromagnetic flow meter around the pulmonary artery, and indwelling silastic cannulas in the pulmonary artery, the left ventricle, the ascending aorta and the right atrium. After allowing 5-7 d for recovery the dogs were studied under normobaric conditions, breathing air, at 2.8 atmospheres absolute (ATA) breathing 100% oxygen (PO2 approximately equal to 2128 mm Hg) and at 6 ATA breathing air (PO2 approximately equal to 960 mm Hg). Baseline recordings were made at 1 ATA and repeated after arrival at depth. The dogs were hemorrhaged until the mean aortic pressure fell to 40 mm Hg. Mean aortic pressure was maintained between 40-50 mm Hg for 30 min. Enough lactated Ringer's solution was then infused to stabilize the aortic pressure to within 90% of its original 1 ATA baseline value. Hemodynamic parameters were measured or calculated at eight different times. There were statistically significant differences in some of the measured parameters due to the effects of hemorrhage but no differences between the three groups attributable to either of the hyperbaric conditions or the effects of lactated Ringer's solution. PMID- 6626079 TI - Cognitive performance during a heat acclimatization regimen. AB - The cognitive performance of six male Marines undergoing a 10-d heat acclimatization regimen was assessed using repeated acquisition and time estimation tasks. Subjects performed controlled treadmill exercise in a heat acclimatization chamber at 33.3 degrees C dry bulb, 29.4 degrees C wet bulb temperature. Multiple performance assessments were conducted during each daily heat exposure of 155 min. On the first day of heat exposure, time estimates decreased from preacclimatization baseline values recorded at moderate temperatures while performance on the repeated acquisition tasks yielded slight decrements. By the 10th day of heat exposure, all subjects demonstrated significant heat acclimatization. However, mean performance on the repeated acquisition task was still impaired and time estimates were higher than during the first heat exposure. These results suggest that tasks requiring the acquisition of new behaviors may be difficult to perform in a hot environment, even by partially acclimatized individuals. PMID- 6626080 TI - Carbon monoxide and human performance in a single and dual task methodology. AB - Does carbon monoxide (CO) exposure limit man's ability to time share two concurrent tasks? In our study 15 subjects underwent two different 2.5-h exposures to either filtered air or to 100 ppm CO. They performed two tasks singly and in combination. The central task was a compensatory tracking task with three levels of difficulty, whereas the peripheral task was a signal detection task with three probabilities of signal occurrence. When HbCO levels reached 5% (during the last half hour of the exposure) performance on the peripheral signal detection task was altered. This was demonstrated by a 6% decline in signals detected correctly (p less than 0.05). This decline in signals detected was found when the signal detection task was performed alone. These results suggested that exposure to CO decreased arousal and interacted with fatigue to produce decreases in performance. PMID- 6626082 TI - The evolution and present status of mental health standards for selection of USAF candidates for space missions. AB - The mental health evaluation of the original Mercury astronauts was a prolonged, meticulous, research-oriented process involving testing and interviews to determine who was best qualified for space flight. The trend since then has been to simplify this evaluation, making it more subjective and clinically oriented. The goal is to identify candidates who are fully qualified, free of psychopathology, and who have a healthy motivation for space flight. The selection of nonpilots for duty as payload specialists introduces new factors- lack of previous exposure to dangerous situations, possible impact of new stresses on the family situation, and interrelationships between crew members. These factors can be included in determinations of individual candidates as being "fully qualified," rather than returning to the original "best qualified" standards, and affirmative qualities may be identified which mark candidates as "exceptionally well qualified." Validation of these evaluation procedures and criteria depends upon assessment of space crew members' performance on actual mission. PMID- 6626081 TI - Modification by sulpiride, pimozide, or domperidone of apomorphine's effects on learning in hypoxic rats. AB - The study of apomorphine's interaction with three dopaminergic antagonists (domperidone, sulpiride and pimozide) is an attempt to characterize the dopaminergic receptors involved in the dopaminergic agonist-induced protection against hypobaric hypoxia. Apomorphine (1 mg X kg-1 but not 0.01 mg X kg-1) reduced total performance (avoidance + escape responses); this effect was antagonised by domperidone and pimozide--not by sulpiride--and appeared to have a peripheral origin. Apomorphine (0.01 and 1 mg X kg-1) increased the avoidance performance during hypoxia. This antihypoxic protection was not suppressed by domperidone, confirming its central origin, but was antagonised both by sulpiride and pimozide. The receptors involved in the anti-hypoxic protective effect appear therefore to be cerebral D4 receptors, according to the classification of Seeman. PMID- 6626083 TI - Smoke/fumes in the cockpit. AB - During the period 1970-80, there were reported in USAF 89 incidents of smoke/fumes in the cockpit during flight. The origin of the fumes in most cases was organic petroleum derivatives, which caused a multitude of symptoms including CNS dysfunction and mucous membrane irritation. Flight surgeons should be well read in aerospace toxicology because of the threat to flying safety posed by the many fluids and substances necessary for the operation of today's modern aircraft. PMID- 6626084 TI - A method for monitoring arterial blood gas and acid/base state during prolonged environmental studies. AB - The use of ear lobe arterialized capillary blood for monitoring blood gas tension and acid-base state is described. The method was validated against simultaneously taken arterial blood samples and separately against nasal end-tidal (ET) PCO2 and found to be an effective alternative to arterial puncture. Incidental observations showed that breathing through a mouthpiece caused the subjects to hypoventilate, as did the act of blood sampling with most subjects. Nasal ET gas monitoring was found to have less effect on a subject's breathing pattern and was used as the standard against which the effects of the other techniques were judged. PMID- 6626085 TI - The acquisition and validation of the surface electromyogram signal for evaluating muscle fatigue. AB - The advent of new USAF aircraft control concepts necessitates the investigation of muscle fatigue in complex dynamic environments. The Acceleration Effects Branch of the Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base had undertaken such a study for evaluation of fatigue in lateral G environments. Investigation of the literature indicates that the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the electromyogram (EMG) signal samples could be used to determine fatigue by analysis of the center frequencies and amplitudes of the sampled power spectra. Reproducibility of data, especially in a dynamic environment, proved to be a challenge. However, acquisition and processing of the EMG signal have been optimized to give consistently reproducible and useable data. The method of sampling data and its processing are discussed. PMID- 6626086 TI - Maternal pheromone in Rattus norvegicus. AB - A replication was undertaken of the finding that rat pups between 14 and 28 days of age will approach an attractant (maternal pheromone) contained in the excrement of lactating female rats. Preweaning pups from three strains of Rattus norvegicus (hooded PVG/C, Wistar, and Sprague-Dawley) were tested under different apparatus conditions, with different stimuli, and with different pretest experience. Despite attempts to maximize the attractant olfactory properties of stimulus material no clear evidence of maternal pheromone could be demonstrated. The use of olfactory cues, and an ability of rat pups to discriminate maternal odor, were shown. But such behavior falls short of that which would merit the use of the term pheromone. PMID- 6626087 TI - Probable independence between the genetic determinants of approach and escape responses induced by lateral hypothalamic stimulation in the mouse. PMID- 6626088 TI - Hormonal regulation of sandbathing in male kangaroo rats (Dipodomys merriami). AB - Detection of reproductive status from chemical signals at sandbathing loci was examined in Merriam's kangaroo rat. Castrated and intact males were attracted similarly to the sandbathing loci of four classes of scent donors: intact males, castrated males, estrous females, and nonestrous females. This suggested that reproductive status was not communicated to males at sandbathing loci. In a control test, castrated males were attracted to disturbed sand that contained no olfactory cues whereas intact males were not. Castration caused a significant decrease in the size of a specialized sebaceous gland on the dorsum. Castration did not affect total pelage lipids, however, indicating that lipid-producing cells have a baseline level of secretion that is necessary for pelage maintenance. PMID- 6626089 TI - Retention deficit after d-amphetamine treatment: memory defect or performance change? AB - Retention deficits in discrete trial delayed alternation and delayed matching to sample tasks following administration of d-amphetamine have been interpreted to support the view that arousal facilitates the decay of information from shortterm memory (STM) (Kesner, 1973). But since amphetamine causes numerous changes in performance, alternative explanations of the deficit are also plausible. In an attempt to separate drug effects on memory from those on performance, the effects of d-amphetamine on spatial memory in the radial maze were studied in rats. The unusually long span of accurate working memory in this setting permits drug administration within the retention interval as well as prior to the to-be remembered event (TBRE). In rats tested at a 5-hr retention interval d amphetamine (2 mg/kg) disrupted retention when given 0.5 hr before or 4.5 hr after the TBRE, but the same treatment 0 or 2 hr after the TBRE or 3 hr before the TBRE was without effect. At a 5-hr retention interval 3 mg/kg d-amphetamine impaired performance if given 2 hr after the TBRE, but not when given 0 hr after the TBRE or 3 hr before the TBRE. However, when the retention interval was lengthened to 7 hr, administering 3 mg/kg d-amphetamine 2 hr after the TBRE did not disrupt performance. The effects of d-amphetamine on spatial memory are best explained in terms of the well established effects of the drug on motor activity and appetite. Similar changes in performance may account for the "memory" impairments observed after amphetamine treatment in other tasks. PMID- 6626090 TI - Autotomy after nerve injury and its relation to spontaneous discharge originating in nerve-end neuromas. AB - Following transection and ligation of the sciatic and saphenous nerves, rodents frequently scratch and bite their anesthetic foot (autotomy). Many authors have suggested that autotomy is related to uncomfortable paresthesias induced by abnormal afferent discharge known to be generated in myelinated afferents in nerve-end neuromas. We report that preventing the development of ectopic neuroma discharge in rats by treating the severed nerves with colchicine or vinblastine does not prevent, or even detectably reduce, autotomy directed toward the denervated hindlimb. We conclude that abnormal discharge in myelinated afferents is not necessary for the expression of autotomy following nerve injury in rats. PMID- 6626091 TI - Odor-aversion learning in neonate rat pups: the role of duration of exposure to an odor. AB - Five experiments employed 2- and 10-day-old rat pups to examine the ontogeny of odor-aversion learning. When duration of exposure to the to-be-conditioned odor stimulus (CS) was long, Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrated substantial and similar aversions across the two ages regardless of whether the toxin unconditioned stimulus (US) occurred simultaneously with, immediately before, immediately after, or some time after the CS. These experiments, therefore, did not support the claim of Rudy and Cheatle (Ontogeny of Learning and Memory. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum (1979) ) that the 2-day old pup suffers a deficit in its learning about the relation between successively presented events. The remaining experiments showed, however, that the 2-day-old pups did not acquire an aversion to a briefly presented CS, that the failure to condition this CS was not due to its overshadowing by contextual cues, and that the 10-day-old pup did acquire an aversion to that CS. The experiments have revealed, therefore, that there are age related differences in the rat pup's ability to learn about the relation between a briefly-presented CS and the effects of a US. PMID- 6626092 TI - Cortical spreading depression and conditioned taste aversion: an attempt to resolve a controversy. AB - The claim (Winn, Todd, & Elias, Behav. Biol. 19, 55-63 (1977) ) that cortical spreading depression (CSD) can serve as US in the conditioned taste-aversion (CTA) paradigm was experimentally examined. Rats given 15-min access to novel 0.1% sodium saccharin (CS) followed by ip NaCl and bilateral or unilateral CSD (US) displayed similar saccharin preference (54%) as the sham-CSD-treated controls in a multiple-bottle retention test. Rats receiving ip LiCl (0.15 M, 2% body weight) and sham CSD as the US showed marked saccharin aversion. It is concluded that CSD does not elicit CTA and that some claims to the contrary can perhaps be ascribed to CSD-induced disruption of attenuation of neophobia. PMID- 6626093 TI - Chlordiazepoxide-induced discrimination impairment. AB - Chlordiazepoxide (5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg but not 2.5 mg/kg) administered on 10 successive sessions, significantly impaired the reinforcement-cued discrimination performance of male Sprague-Dawley rats. On three postdrug (saline) recovery sessions, groups previously treated with the drug demonstrated good recovery in discrimination performance. An analysis of response components indicated that the discrimination impairment was due to less inhibition of responding during "no-go" phases of the task by the drugged than control animals. While changes in responding during reinforcement phases may also contribute to the performance of drugged animals, no clear pattern emerges from the present study. PMID- 6626094 TI - Paradoxical sleep in the dark period of the rat: a dissociation between electrophysiological and behavioral characteristics. AB - Paradoxical sleep (PS) occurring in the dark period of the illumination cycle is studied in adult, male, Wistar rats. In contrast to the light period, behaviorally the rats give the impression of being awake at the onset of PS. This is caused by the fact that PS in the dark starts from a short-lasting state characterized by dissociating criteria: behavioral characteristics such as open eyes and body posture phenomena indicating quiet wakefulness along with full blown hippocampal EEG waves implying slow wave sleep (SWS). These behavioral characteristics continue at the onset of PS, suggesting that PS in the dark differs from that in the light period. The intrinsic characteristics of PS, as the hippocampal theta rhythm, the suppression of the neck muscle EMG and the phasic activities, however, indicate that PS is the same phenomenon in both illumination periods. The implication of this finding with respect to the triggering of PS and its relationship with SWS is discussed. PMID- 6626095 TI - Circadian organization of locomotor activity in the Turkish hamster (Mesocricetus brandti). AB - The circadian organization of locomotor activity was examined in Turkish hamsters while exposed to a light-dark (LD) cycle, constant illumination (LL), and following blinding and gonadectomy. Under LD 16:8 the activity rhythm of all hamsters became well entrained with activity beginning approximately 30 min after dark onset. In contrast, when activity rhythms free-ran as the result of exposure to LL or blinding, a variety of spontaneous perturbations in the period and/or phase of the activity rhythm were observed. PMID- 6626096 TI - Ontogeny and adult behavior of mice with congenital neural tube defects. AB - Effects of abnormal neural tube development were studied in immature and adult mice. The behavior of affected adult mice was found to resemble that of mice that exhibit the "waltzer syndrome." Behavioral ontogenetic studies indicate that effected mice are deficient in labyrinthine responses as shown by the late development or lack of negative geotaxic behaviors and the delayed loss of pivoting behavior. Retarded maturation of neural responses was indicated by a delay in the appearance of the startle response. Evidence that circling behavior in adult mice of the "waltzer syndrome" may be a result of central nervous system disorders alone, or in concert with abnormalities of the inner ear, was provided by the fact that open field activity was increased in affected mice that exhibit circling behavior as adults. PMID- 6626097 TI - Strain-dependent modulation of memory by stress in mice. AB - The effects of immobilization stress were investigated in Swiss Webster (Swiss), DBA/2 (DBA), and C57BL/6 (C57) mice, tested in a passive avoidance situation. Retention performance was impaired in Swiss and DBA mice, and improved in C57 mice, immobilized immediately, but not 2 hr, after training. These effects lasted for less than 7 days in DBA and Swiss mice, while they were still present, in the C57 strain, 14 days after training. The naloxone antagonism of the effects observed was also demonstrated. The results are discussed in terms of the possible role of endogenous opioids, stress hormones, and genetic makeup in the stress-induced modulation of memory processes in the mouse. PMID- 6626098 TI - Discrimination by olfactory cues in albino rats reflecting familiarity and relatedness among conspecifics. AB - The present investigation sought to determine whether albino rat pups could discriminate among familiar siblings, nonfamiliar siblings, familiar nonsiblings (foster littermates), and nonfamiliar nonsiblings (unrelated agemates) using only olfactory cues. Pairing all possible combinations of familiarity and kinship variables (six), the odors were presented in paired combinations to each of twelve experimental subjects. Results from dependent t tests indicated that the albino rat pups could discriminate between the following pairs of odors using only the olfactory sensory modality: (a) familial siblings and nonfamiliar siblings, (t = 3.41, p = .006); (b) familiar siblings and nonfamiliar nonsiblings, (t = 9.62, p = .001); (c) nonfamiliar siblings and nonfamiliar nonsiblings, (t = 3.15, p = .009); and (d) familiar nonsiblings and nonfamiliar nonsiblings (t = 2.58, p = .026). PMID- 6626099 TI - Male mouse (Mus musculus) ultrasonic vocalizations to female urine: why is heterosexual experience necessary? AB - Previous research was consistent with the hypothesis that urinary chemosignals from female mice (Mus musculus) serve as a conditioned stimulus (CS) for the elicitation of male ultrasonic courtship vocalizations while some other unknown aspect of the female serves as an unconditioned stimulus (US). According to this hypothesis adult heterosexual experience is necessary for males to pair the urinary CS with the US. Three experiments further examined this hypothesis. Experiment 1 demonstrated that the hypothesized US was not female behavior. Experience with anesthesized males and females was just as effective as experience with awake conspecifics. Experiments 2 and 3, however, question the primacy of the Classical Conditioning hypothesis. In both experiments sexually naive males were allowed contact with either normal females or female surrogates. The female surrogates were neonatally castrated males (Experiment 2) or hypophysectomized females (Experiment 3), both of which appeared to possess the hypothesized US but not the urinary CS on the basis of previous research. While exposure to normal females caused the highest level of vocalization to urine from normal females, exposure to the two classes of female surrogates also resulted in vocalizations to the urine of normal females. Thus under some circumstances, males do not require experience with a normal female to emit ultrasounds to urine from normal females. Factors in addition to Classical Conditioning must be operating to account fully for the role of adult heterosexual experience in causing female urine to come to elicit male courtship vocalization. PMID- 6626100 TI - Changes in open-field behaviors following septal lesions in rats. AB - Sixteen rats were tested for 10 min in an open field on postoperative Days 6--7, 11--12, 19--20, and 38--39, under two conditions of illumination. Septal lesions produced alterations in activity, rearing, and grooming that changed over the repeated tests. Septal rats initially had low activity scores that increased over testing to a level higher than that of controls, low rearing behavior that increased over sessions but always remained below control levels, and low grooming scores that became equivalent to controls by postoperative Days 38--39. These findings indicated that repeated testing given only postoperatively in an open field resulted in hyperactivity, decreased rearing, but no differential effect in grooming. The time course of change in these three behaviors was not identical. PMID- 6626101 TI - Behavioral changes in aging Aplysia: a model system for studying the cellular basis of age-impaired learning, memory, and arousal. AB - The marine mollusc Aplysia californica was used to examine the effects of age on simple forms of learning, memory, and arousal. We have found that aging impairs the long-term retention of habituation and prevents the acquisition of sensitization in the siphon withdrawal reflex. In addition, aging reduces arousal as evident in the heart rate component of the response to food stimuli. Our results are similar to the age-dependent alterations in the capacity for behavioral plasticity that have been reported in a variety of vertebrates, including man. These similarities suggest that the mechanisms underlying the effects of age on behavior and its modification may share common features across phyla and therefore might be studied to advantage in Aplysia whose central nervous system is especially accessible to cell biological approaches. PMID- 6626102 TI - Area postrema lesions in rats enhance the magnitude of body rotation-induced conditioned taste aversions. AB - The role of the area postrema, a circumventricular organ located on the dorsal medulla in the fourth ventricle, in body rotation-induced conditioned taste aversions was examined in male hooded rats. One group of rats received lesions of the area postrema, another group was given sham lesions, and two other groups received no surgery. Three groups of rats, those with area postrema lesions, those with sham lesions, and one unoperated group, were given pairings of 1-hr access to a 0.1% sodium saccharin solution with 30 min of body rotation at 70 rpm (on a schedule of 15-sec on--5-sec off). A fourth group of unoperated rats was given pairings of access to the saccharin solution with 30 min of sham rotation. The three rotated groups all developed a taste aversion to the saccharin solution whereas the sham-rotated group did not. The group with lesions of the area postrema exhibited a greater aversion to the saccharin taste than the other two rotated groups. In a second phase of the experiment all rats were given pairing of 1-hr access to chocolate milk with injections of scopolamine methyl nitrate (1 mg/kg). The area postrema-lesioned group failed to exhibit a taste aversion to the chocolate milk whereas the other groups all showed very strong aversions. It was concluded that area postrema lesions abolish taste aversions induced by blood borne toxins such as scopolamine methyl nitrate, but enhance taste aversions induced by motion sickness. Some speculations concerning the enhanced taste aversions induced by motion sickness in area postrema lesioned rats, are provided. PMID- 6626103 TI - An attempt to account for controversial estimates of working memory persistence in the radial maze. AB - Factors affecting performance in the radial maze were examined to explain widely differing estimates of the persistence of spatial working memory. In Experiment 1, two groups of 10 rats each, trained in the 8-arm elevated maze (EM) or two level maze (TLM), showed after 30 trials 0.66 and 0.34 errors per eight choices, respectively. In Experiment 2 insertion of a delay between choices 4 and 5 increased error incidence in choices 5 to 8 from 0.8 and 1.0 at 2-min delay to 1.8 and 1.9 at the 1-hr delay in the EM and TLM, respectively. (Chance level is 2.0 errors in choices 5 to 8). In Experiment 3, omission of the masking food odor sources improved performance in the EM at the 1-hr (1.1 error) but not at the 4 hr delay (1.85 error). In Experiment 4, elimination of trail marking by replacement of maze A, used in choices 1 to 4, by maze B in choices 5 to 8 caused a significant deterioration of delayed performance in the TLM but not in the EM. In Experiment 5, a continuous series of 15 trials with the 40-min delay improved performance in the EM from 1.60 to 1.35 errors in choices 5 to 8. High error incidence (0.41) on choice 5 was due to rat's preference for channels visited on choices 1 and 2. Significant decrease of errors on choice 6 (to 0.25) indicates that the rats responded to incorrect choice 5 by activation of an error correcting strategy. Examples of such strategies are given which increase delayed performance well above chance level even in the absence of working memory. Error induced change of response pattern is indicated by the observation that the interchoice distances 1--2 and 5--6 are the same after correct, but differ by 0.83 channel after incorrect choice 5. Possible reasons for the failure to confirm the long persistence (more than 4 hr) of spatial working memory reported by Beatty and Shavalia (Behavioral and Neural Biology, 28, 454--462, 1980) are discussed. It is argued that longevity of the working memory record gives the rat no advantage in foraging and must be, therefore, carefully checked against possible alternative explanations. PMID- 6626104 TI - Development of a rating scale to measure social skills in children: the Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters (MESSY). PMID- 6626105 TI - Spouse involvement in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive patients. PMID- 6626106 TI - Towards a comprehensive treatment for obsessional thoughts. PMID- 6626107 TI - Cognitive deficits in compulsive checkers: an exploratory study. PMID- 6626108 TI - Alcohol intoxication and deviant sexual arousal in male social drinkers. PMID- 6626109 TI - The social validity of treatments for agoraphobia. PMID- 6626110 TI - Outline of a Fear-Avoidance Model of exaggerated pain perception--I. PMID- 6626111 TI - The Fear-Avoidance Model of exaggerated pain perception--II. PMID- 6626112 TI - Smoking cessation with behaviour therapy of acupuncture--a controlled study. PMID- 6626113 TI - Prolonging the effects of deposit contracts with smokers. PMID- 6626114 TI - Cue exposure and response prevention with alcoholics: a controlled trial. PMID- 6626115 TI - Reliability of psychophysiological assessment. PMID- 6626116 TI - The effects of intracoronary Renografin injection on coronary flow and distribution in dogs following coronary occlusion. AB - To study the effects of a contrast agent commonly used in coronary angiography (Renografin) on myocardial flow distribution, the main left coronary arteries of 9 dogs were cannulated and perfused from the carotid arteries. The left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was ligated and cannulated to monitor peripheral coronary pressure (PCP). Myocardial blood flow and distribution were determined with radioactive microspheres before Renografin administration and after resolution of the brief period of hypotension following injection of 2-3.5 cm3 of the contrast agent directly into the coronary perfusion tubing. Renografin significantly increased blood flow to normal myocardial regions (0.90 to 1.51 cm3 . g-1 . min-1, p less than 0.001). Despite this flow augmentation and normal aortic and coronary perfusion pressures. PCP decreased from 28.0 +/- 3.4 to 24.4 +/- 2.8 mm Hg (p less than 0.001), and myocardial blood flow to the central ischemic LAD area halved from 0.17 +/- 0.04 to 0.09 +/- 0.03 cm3 . g-1 . min-1 (p less than 0.025). The inner/outer left ventricular wall blood flow ratio in the central ischemic region increased from 0.28 to 0.39 (p less than 0.05). Thus the contrast agent causes a coronary steal or redistribution of coronary flow away from already ischemic regions, and the endocardium appears to be less affected than the epicardium. PMID- 6626117 TI - Reduced resistances of septal artery collateral channels after cardiac sympathectomy. AB - We have shown that chronic cardiac sympathectomy reduces coronary collateral resistances. The present experiments in isolated dog hearts delineated the role of intramyocardial collateral channels from the septal (SEP) to the circumflex (CIRC), left anterior descending (LAD), and right (RT) coronary arteries in this phenomenon. In 11 controls and 8 2-wk sympathectomized hearts, a retrograde flow technique was used to determine collateral resistances between the epicardial arteries (CIRC, LAD, RT). Collateral resistances between the CIRC and LAD and between the LAD and RT were 42-68% less in sympathectomized hearts (P less than 0.05). Collateral resistances from the SEP to each epicardial artery were determined from retrograde flows simultaneously collected on each epicardial artery when the SEP was the only vessel perfused. Collateral resistances from the SEP to the CIRC and LAD were 51-59% less in the sympathectomized hearts (P less than 0.05). Thus, intramyocardial channels from the SEP to the left coronary arteries show reduced resistances after sympathectomy and can provide a substantial portion of the increased collateral flow to these vessels. PMID- 6626118 TI - Application of an end-systolic pressure-segment length relationship for measuring regional contractility. AB - A method for estimating regional contractility is described using the end systolic relationship between left ventricular pressure and myocardial segment lengths in rapidly volume-loaded beats. The approach was based on the success of previously developed end-systolic relationships between left ventricular pressure and volume and between variable ejection force and fiber length used to describe global contractility in beating hearts. The regional end-systolic relationship was more complicated than its global counterpart, which was load independent, and appeared curvilinear to rapid volume loading. As an approximation of this relationship, a linear slope was constructed between maximum and minimum (pre ejection) loaded beats of equal cycle length. Because of its load dependency and in order to compare slope relationships between interventions, slope functions were derived only from similarly loaded beats either within or between interventions. Slopes generated by this technique had a reasonable constancy at control conditions and coronary flows with an average SEM of 9.1% of the slope means. End-systolic slopes also appeared sensitive to changes in contractile state, increasing appropriately following treatments with dobutamine and decreasing after propranolol. Following shifts in the end-systolic slopes were unreliable, however, in describing the regional changes in contractility with ischemia. At milder levels of flow restriction, the slopes declined as expected. At moderate levels of flow restriction, the pressure-segment loops shifted markedly rightward and the slope increased. At advanced levels of ischemia, the loops were so distorted, that end-systole could not be identified accurately and the loops essentially described the diastolic compliance characteristics of the left ventricle. Thus the slope estimates of regional contractility as described in this report provided a reliable assessment of inotropic background during modifications with positive and negative inotropic drugs but became invalid as systolic shortening was replaced by aneurysmal bulging during high-grade ischemia. PMID- 6626119 TI - Sodium-calcium exchange in Purkinje fibers: electrical and mechanical effects. AB - The role of Na and Ca in the modulation of electrical and mechanical events was studied in canine cardiac Purkinje fibers perfused in vitro. The results show that: 1) A low Na-Ca solution (Na 80.8 mM, Ca 1.08) increased contractile force and shortened the action potential transiently; during the recovery, the force decreased below and increased transiently above control; the action potential lengthened transiently. 2) A low Na solution increased force and transiently shortened the action potential; during the recovery, the force transiently decreased and the action potential lengthened again. 3) A low Ca solution decreased force and prolonged the action potential; during the recovery, the force increased transiently and the action potential shortened. 4) In low Na-Ca solution, verapamil, manganese or a fast driving rate did not prevent the transient increase in force but in the steady state the force was lower. 5) If the low Na-Ca solution was begun during quiescence, resuming activity after one minute already resulted in a higher force. 6) Caffeine and high K decreased force but only caffeine markedly decreased the inotropic effects of low Na. 7) The initial increase in force was reversed in calcium-overloaded fibers. And 8) The Na-Ca ratio necessary to maintain force is smaller for Purkinje than myocardial fibers. It is concluded that a low Na-Ca solution increases force by increasing cellular calcium stores probably in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, that the maintenance of force is critically dependent on a smaller slow inward current, and that there are substantial differences between Purkinje and ventricular muscle fibers. PMID- 6626120 TI - Effects of vasoactive stimuli on coronary vascular resistance in isolated perfused rabbit hearts: no vasospastic response to ergonovine with or without atherogenic diet. AB - The mechanism of ergonovine-provoked coronary vasospasm is poorly understood. We tested the effect of ergonovine in perfused hearts from normal and cholesterol fed (18 weeks, 2% cholesterol diet) rabbits in a constant-flow Langendorff perfusion. Aortic perfusion pressure was monitored to measure coronary vascular resistance, and left ventricular pressure was measured with an isovolumetric balloon in the left ventricle. Control coronary vascular resistance was 1.12 +/- 0.11 mm Hg/ml/min in hearts from normal rabbits and 1.53 +/- 0.16 mm Hg/ml/min in hearts from cholesterol-fed rabbits (n = 9 each, mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.05). The cholesterol content of aortae from cholesterol-fed rabbits was markedly increased (432 +/- 85 mg/g protein vs. 14.9 +/- 8.2 in controls, p less than 0.001; for coronaries: 396 +/- 136 mg/g protein vs. 125 +/- 25, p less than 0.05). In both groups, increases in coronary vascular resistance were observed with vasopressin (40 IU/l) and phenylephrine (30 microM) and decreases with adenosine (10 microM), isoprenaline (0.1 microM) and 30 sec stop-flow (all p less than 0.05). Ergonovine maleate (10 microM) and serotonin (10 microM) did not increase coronary vascular resistance. Although in whole heart perfusion small changes in the caliber of epicardial vessels may not be detectable, changes severe enough to produce measurable changes in total coronary resistance were not found. Therefore the absence in our model of an increase in coronary vascular resistance after ergonovine is not compatible with a local direct mechanism in epicardial arterial wall, even when sensitized by a high cholesterol diet. PMID- 6626123 TI - [The value of osteosynthesis in hand injuries]. PMID- 6626121 TI - Morphology and mitochondrial function of the surviving myocardium following myocardial infarction in the cat. AB - The surviving myocardium of the cat was studied 7 days and 6 weeks following experimental infarction. Seven days after infarction, ultrastructural alterations of the mitochondria indicative of slight hypoxic injury--clearing of the matrix and loss of dense matrix granules--were found. Together with intracellular edema and glycogen depletion this result was considered as a sign of relative hypoxia in the surviving myocardium 7 days after infarction. At the same time beta glucuronidase activity of tissue homogenates was found to be elevated. Focal ischemic lesions in remote myocardium which have been described by other authors (5, 6, 23) were not detected in our experiments. Six weeks after infarction, the fractional volume occupied by myofibrils had increased whereas the fractional volume of mitochondria had remained unchanged (left ventricle) resp. had decreased (right ventricle). There were no qualitative changes detectable at the ultrastructural level. Based on the morphometric investigation of Anversa (1, 2), our results were regarded indicative of mild compensatory hypertrophy of the surviving myocardium. Glutamate dehydrogenase activity of tissue homogenates was shown to be increased when compared to control values. Furthermore our morphometric results showed that the unit mass of mitochondria has to render an enhanced amount of energy six weeks after infarction which might leave the surviving myocardium with a higher susceptibility to future hypoxic injury. PMID- 6626122 TI - On the inability of ketone bodies to serve as the only energy providing substrate for rat heart at physiological work load. AB - The aim of this work was to establish the reasons why ketone bodies, although readily oxidized, do not sustain a physiological work output of the isolated rat heart for more than 30 to 45 min (Taegtmeyer, H., et al., Biochem. J. 186, 701 711 (1980)). First, it was found that the addition of glucose or of asparagine increased the rate of acetoacetate removal by 52 and 77% respectively, and availability of oxaloacetate was one factor limiting the oxidation of acetoacetate. Second, in freeze clamped hearts perfusion with acetoacetate alone caused an increase in the tissue content of acetyl-CoA, citrate, 2-oxoglutarate and glutamate but no change in malate and a decrease in aspartate when compared with glucose as substrate. The changes of aspartate and glutamate exceeded those of 2-oxoglutarate forty times. This means that oxaloacetate formed from aspartate must have passed through the stages of the citric acid cycle to form glutamate and that there was an inhibition of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase reaction. Third, in hearts perfused with acetoacetate and propionate the accumulation of glutamate and 2-oxoglutarate as well as the decrease in aspartate were associated with a sharp drop in CoASH from 0.258 to 0.093 mumol/g dry wt. This indicates that the accumulation of CoA thioesters left insufficient mitochondrial CoASH for the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase reaction. Fourth, in contrast to acetoacetate cardiac function was unimpaired with acetate plus glucose. With these substrates citrate, 2-oxoglutarate, malate and aspartate all accumulated, either due to formation of oxaloacetate by pyruvate carboxylase or transamination of glutamate with pyruvate. It appears that the changes in cardiac performance and metabolism caused by acetoacetate can be explained by a relative inhibition of the citric acid cycle at the level of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase. The hypothesis is advanced that this might be due to a shortage of intramitochondrial free [CoASH], but the exact mechanism of this inhibition awaits further elucidation. PMID- 6626124 TI - [Factors determining mortality in elderly patients with femoral fractures at the hip]. PMID- 6626125 TI - [A surgical method for the treatment of permanent patella luxations]. PMID- 6626126 TI - [Motor replacement operation in irreparable radial nerve palsy]. PMID- 6626127 TI - [Can radium 224 (thorium X) effect the progression of Bechterew's disease?]. PMID- 6626128 TI - [Gout screening in orthopedics]. PMID- 6626129 TI - Livestock production on Masai group ranches. 2. Growth and liveweight in goats and sheep at Elangata Wuas and the factors influencing them. AB - In 1101 goats and 547 sheep kept under ranch conditions the liveweight development was measured and compared between their 10th and 550th day of life. Consideration was given to factors such as sex, parity, birth type, season of birth, and flock. Post-partum weights of the dams are given and analysed for the same variables. Management of the flocks is the proximate factor in growth rates and liveweight, but almost all other variables also have significant effects on the weight-for-age. Management is also responsible for the biggest differences in weights in post-partum females, while season had a greater effect on this factor in sheep than in goats. PMID- 6626130 TI - Growth and reproductive performance of Shorthorn crosses and native cattle as affected by two levels of feeding. AB - 6 male and 5 female calves each of Shorthorn X Domiatti crosses and 3 female calves each of the Domiatti breed were fed either the norm (100% allowance) or a lower ratio (80% allowance) between their 28th and 72nd weeks of age. The growth of all animals differed significantly with regard to the different allowance levels but not with regard to the breeds. In the female animals no differences were found in the age and live weight at puberty, the first conception, and calving between the two feeding levels. In the male animals there were no differences in the age at puberty with both feeding levels, though there were significant differences in the live weight at puberty. The semen volume, sperm motion, and sperm concentration were not significantly affected. PMID- 6626131 TI - Genetic and phenotypic correlations between duration of fertility and certain traits in Alexandria and Fayoumi chickens. AB - Two Alexandria lines selected for a high (HL) or low (LL) eight-week body weight, and an unselected Fayoumi line were used to study the duration of fertility, fertility percentage, fertility percentage duration, age at sexual maturity, egg number in the first ninety days of laying, egg weight, eight-week body weight, and body weight at sexual maturity. The fertility could be improved through selection for duration of fertility. Within the lines, early mature pullets had a longer duration of fertility than those matured later. The duration of fertility within the lines is a rather good indicator of eight-week body weight. Within the lines, the duration of fertility increases with the increase in body weight at the age of sexual maturity. PMID- 6626132 TI - Flushing treatments of subtropical ewes bred three times each within two years. AB - 389 Ossimi ewes were given 45 days of flushing treatment with different protein levels (100%, 125%, and 150%) and different sources of protein (plant protein, fish meal, and urea) during a period of two years three weeks each before a mating season and with three breedings during that time. At high protein levels and application of plant protein higher live weight increases were achieved during the flushing period. The reproduction performance was not influenced. The conception rate improved with increasing protein treatments. Plant protein treatments gave better results in the conception rate, twinnings and lambings. September proved a better month for mating than did January and May. There was no significant influence of the age and the live weight of the ewes on the daily body weight gain and the reproductive performance of the ewes. Only the rate of twinning increased significantly with increasing live weight. PMID- 6626133 TI - Haemoglobin values and some biochemical parameters of different breeds and sexes of pigs in a tropical humid environment. AB - The serum values were determined of haemoglobin (Hb), total protein, uric acid, citrulline, and transaminases (SGOT and SGPT) in 47 boars and non-pregnant gilts of six breeds: eight pure Large Whites (LW), seven pure Durocs (DR), eight Landraces (LR), eight indigenous (IND), eight three-way crosses (LW X DR X Hampshire), and eight two-way crosses (LW X DR). The urea values of the serum were influenced significantly (P less than 0.01) by the breed and sex, the levels of Hb and SGOT were only affected by the breed. Besides, a significant (P less than 0.01) influence was found of the sex on the uric acid values. The total serum protein and the SGPT activities were not significantly affected by either breed or sex. PMID- 6626134 TI - Cultural control of the root nematodes Pratylenchus indicus in rice through crop rotations. AB - Pratylenchus indicus nematodes cause damage to the roots of rice plants, which may lead to considerable yield reductions. In field trials with six different rice-based rotations it was tested whether the inclusion of other crops into the rotation can influence the population of Pratylenchus indicus. Investigation of soil samples and roots showed that rice, safflower, and tobacco increased the nematodes, whereas fallowing or growing Phaseolus radiatus L. decreased them. PMID- 6626135 TI - [Drug legislation: preventive measures for man, animals and the environment]. PMID- 6626136 TI - [Comparative studies of psittacosis control based on drugs. 1. Blood level reached in Amazona species following oral administration of various medicated foods and parenteral administration of doxycycline at an import station]. PMID- 6626137 TI - Neutralizing antibody responses to Japanese encephalitis vaccine in children. AB - Two shots of the current Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine were given to children and their immune responses to the Nakayama strain (the vaccine strain) and two wild strains (JaGAr-01 and E-50) of JE virus were examined by neutralizing (N) antibody titrations. Seventy vaccinees had no N antibody to JE virus before the first vaccination and were bled one month after the second vaccination. The N antibody responses to the JaGAr-01 and E-50 strains were found to be similar and to be less than that to the Nakayama strain after the second vaccination: the geometric mean titers (GMT) of N antibodies to the JaGAr-01 and E-50 strains (as logarithms) were 1.87 and 1.75, respectively, while the GMT to the Nakayama strain was 2.89. The seroconversion rates to the Nakayama, JaGAr-01 and E-50 strains were 70/70 (100%), 69/70 (99%) and 68/70 (97%), respectively, after the second vaccination. Twenty-seven of the 70 vacciness were also bled before the second vaccination. Most of them showed a considerably high N antibody response against the Nakayama strain and only one vaccinee failed to show seroconversion after the first vaccination. However, the antibody response to the E-50 strain appeared to be rather low and 9 of 25 vaccinees did not show any seroconversion. Similarly 3 of 25 failed to show any seroconversion against the JaGAr-01 strain. These results indicate that at the initial immunization two shots, at least, of the current JE vaccine are necessary to stimulate effective immune responses to wild strains of JE virus. PMID- 6626138 TI - Genetics of alkaline phosphatase of the small intestine of the house mouser (Mus musculus). AB - Four inbred strains of mice exhibited either slow (PL/J), intermediate (DBA/2J, LP/J), or fast (SWR/J) rates of migration of duodenal alkaline phosphatase on cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Hybrids of these strains also had intermediate rates of migration regardless of the combination of strains used as parents. Strain differences were present in all regions of the small but not the large intestine. Crosses of the PL/J strain to hybrids between this strain and the other three strains gave a 1:1 segregation of the slow and intermediate patterns. The symbol Akp-3 is proposed for the locus responsible for the slower migration of the enzyme in this strain. Data from the LP/J X PL/J hybrid crossed with the PL/J strain showed linkage with two loci on chromosome 1 as follows: centromere- Idh-1--13.8 cM--Akp-3--8.9 +/- 2.6 cM--Pep-3. The available data do not reveal the genetic basis for the faster migration rate of the enzyme from the SWR/J strain, but a different response to neuraminidase and apparent nonlinkage to the Pep-3 locus suggest that a locus other than Akp-3 is responsible. PMID- 6626139 TI - Genetic mapping and characterization of aldehyde oxidase of Anopheles albimanus (Diptera: Culicidae). AB - Aldehyde oxidase (Ao) of Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann was mapped on chromosome 3. The sequence is hexokinase-1--19.2 +/- 1.8--stripe--28.3 +/- 2.2--beta-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase--3.6 +/- 0.3--aldehyde oxidase--2.6 +/- 0.4--esterase-8--6.1 +/- 1.9--esterase-4--?--esterase-6 (phosphoglucomutase). Aldehyde oxidase is 26.1 +/- 2.5 from phosphoglucomutase and 27.2 +/- 1.6 from esterase-6. The one-band electromorph of Ao in homozygotes and the three-band type in heterozygotes suggest that the enzyme is a dimer. The isoelectric points of slow and fast allozymes are 5.5 and 4.8, respectively. A variety of electrophoretic techniques was used to determine if the allozymes of Ao can be differentiated on a basis other than mobility. The slow, fast, and hybrid genotypes were analyzed for differences in thermostability, reactivity to thiol reagent, susceptibility to urea denaturation, substrate specificities, and response to chelating agents. The relative effect of p]H on allozymes was tested by varying the pH of the staining buffer over a range of 4-12. No significant differences were detected among allozymes and no additional allelic variations were observed. PMID- 6626140 TI - Linkage relationships among the malic enzyme, hexokinase-1, and red loci on the X chromosome of Tribolium confusum. AB - Linkage data for the sex-linked malic enzyme (Me) and hexokinase-1 (Hk-1) loci in the flour beetle, Tribolium confusum, were obtained from a three-point experiment involving the red locus. The order of the three loci was determined to be red--Hk 1-Me, with map distances of 12.4 +/- 1.8 for red to Hk-1 and 7.0 +/- 1.3 for Hk-1 to Me. PMID- 6626142 TI - Genetics of insect hemolymph alpha-mannosidase in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. AB - The genetics of hemolymph alpha-mannosidase was investigated in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. By selecting individuals showing either high or low enzyme activities, homozygotes were separated, with activities varying about five-fold. No differences in the activities of beta-galactosidase and beta-N acetylglucosaminidase were observed. Thus, it seems that high- and low-enzyme silkworms (High and Low Lines) share the same genetic background except for the gene concerning the activity of alpha-mannosidase. The synthesis of the enzyme is controlled by an autosomal allele. Furthermore, expression of the gene varies from tissue to tissue, and there is no correlation between enzyme activity and growth rate. The difference in activity between High and Low lines is due to the amount of active enzyme, not to an endogeneous activator or inhibitor. There was no isozymic difference in alpha-mannosidase. PMID- 6626141 TI - Postnatal changes in canine erythrocyte pyruvate kinase isozymes. AB - The isozyme pattern of pyruvate kinase in canine erythrocytes changes following birth. These changes have been followed by electrophoretic, immunologic, and kinetic measurements of the isozymes. At birth, a mixture of isozymes is present consisting of the M2 isozyme and hybrid molecules containing M2 and R subunits. With increasing animal age, the content of M2 subunits decreases and the content of R subunits increases. At 6 months of age, the isozyme pattern is indistinguishable from that of adult erythrocytes which contain only the R tetramer. We conclude that there is a switch in erythrocyte pyruvate kinase gene expression during the first 6 months of postnatural life. The existence of hybrid molecules during the switch indicates that both M2 and R genes are expressed within each erythroid precursor cell. The developmental changes in erythrocyte pyruvate kinase are consistent with the role of this enzyme in the regulation of the oxygen-transport function of canine hemoglobin by 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in the postnatal period. PMID- 6626144 TI - Purification and properties of genetic variants of mouse trypsinogen. AB - The presence of three trypsinogens (Try-III, Try-I, and Try-II) in the mouse is demonstrated by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. Two genetic variants of Try I are detected, because the activity of Try-I is different between the Mol-A strain and seven other strains. The Prt-3 locus controls the activity of Try-I. The Prt-3a gene exists in CFO, BS, KR, BALB/cJ, C57BL/6J, CBA/J, and 129/Sv-S1-CP strains, whereas the Prt-3b gene is present only in the Mol-A strain. Each Try-I from the CFO or Mol-A strain was purified. The fact that Try-I activity of the Mol-A strain is much higher than those of other strains is because of a difference in the specific activity; the ratio of the Kcat (sec-1) value with Tos Arg-OMe to that with Bz-Arg-OEt is different between the variants from the CFO and those from the Mol-A strains, being much higher in the Mol-A strain. Also, chicken ovomucoid inhibited Try-I activity of the CFO strain at a molar ratio of one ovomucoid to two trypsins; Try-I activity of the Mol-A strain was only 50% inhibited even with an excess of ovomucoid. There was no difference between genetic variants of Try-I in molecular weight, Km values with Bz-Arg-OEt or Tos Arg-OMe, pH optimum profile, or inhibition by soybean trypsin inhibitor. PMID- 6626143 TI - Implication of Triticum searsii as the B-genome donor to wheat using DNA hybridizations. AB - In vitro DNA:DNA hybridizations and hydroxyapatite thermal chromatography were employed to help identify the species ancestral to the B genome of the polyploid wheats. We hybridized 3H-Triticum aestivum DNA to the unlabeled DNAs of T. urartu, T. speltoides, T. sharonensis, T. bicorne, T. longissimum, and T. searsii, 3H-Labeled DNA of T. urartu was hybridized with the DNA of a synthetic tetraploid. AADD. The heteroduplex thermal stabilities indicated that T. searsii was most closely related to T. aestivum (ABD) and that the genome of T. urartu was more closely related to the A genome than the B genome. The degree of reassociation which may have occurred between the six diploid species and the D genome of T. aestivum was evaluated by hybridizing 3H-T. tauschii DNA with the DNAs of the diploids. The results indicated that T. urartu had the least sequence homology to T. tauschii, the D-genome donor lending additional support to the conclusion that T. urartu is related to the A genome. Thus, it is highly probable that T. searsii is the B-genome donor to the polyploid wheats or a major chromosome donor if the B genome is, in fact, polyphyletic in origin. PMID- 6626145 TI - Genetics of two tissue esterase polymorphisms (Est-4 and Est-5) in the rabbit. AB - Two polymorphic esterase systems were found after electrophoresis of rabbit tissue homogenates. Each of these systems is controlled by an autosomal locus with two alleles. Est-4 determines the absence (Est-4a) or presence (Est-4b) of two bands of esterase activity with intermediate anodcal mobility and broad substrate specificity. This polymorphism was found to be present in liver, small intestine, and spleen but not in kidney, heart, and testis. Est-5 is coding for cathodally migrating esterases which differ in mobility (Est-5a and Est-5b). This polymorphism was found only in kidney and testis homogenates. Est-5 esterases are more active against alpha-naphthyl acetate than against beta-naphthyl acetate and have no activity against alpha-naphthyl butyrate. Linkage analysis indicated that Est-4 is localized on rabbit LG VI as part of a cluster of esterase loci, whereas Est-5 segregates independently, Rabbits from two inbred and nine partly inbred strains were tested for these polymorphisms. PMID- 6626147 TI - Hemoglobin Bali (bovine): beta A 18(Bl)Lys leads to His: one of the "missing links" between beta A and beta B of domestic cattle exists in the Bali cattle (Bovinae, Box banteng). AB - The structure of the beta chain of adult bovine hemoglobin Bali of the Bali cattle was determined and compared to those of beta A, beta B, and other beta chain variants of domestic cattle reported previously. The lysine residue at beta A18 was substituted by histidine in beta Bali18. This change requires two base substitutions at the codon and is also found in beta B18. The beta B chain differs from the beta A chain at residue Nos. 15, 18, and 119. It was concluded that a common ancestor of the beta B and beta Bali first diverged from the beta A chain through the Lys leads to His substitution. This fact indicates that the high degree of dimorphism of the beta A and beta B chains in Indian humped cattle is a result of its hybrid origin. An evolutionary tree for the bovine hemoglobin beta-chain variants was constructed based on parsimonious evolution and homology with related species. PMID- 6626146 TI - The phosphorylase kinase activity of hearts from phosphorylase kinase-deficient mice. AB - In an assay measuring radioactive incorporation from gamma--P32P]ATP into phosphorylase b, cardiac muscle extracts from mice with the phosphorylase kinase deficiency mutation showed significant, calcium-dependent phosphorylase kinase activity that was 10 to 15% of that of Swiss mice, the control strain. Isoproterenol stimulated significant phosphorylase a accumulation in both isolated atria and right ventricular strips of phosphorylase kinase-deficient mice, and the drug-stimulated increases in phosphorylase a activity the the contractile responses of right ventricular strips were similar in Swiss and phosphorylase kinase/deficient mice. PMID- 6626148 TI - Syp-3, a third polymorphic locus for mouse seminal vesicle proteins. AB - The B10.AKM/Sn congenic strain displays a particular phenotype of mouse seminal vesicle proteins representing the third polymorphic locus of this system. The Svp 3 symbol was assigned to this locus with two codominant alleles, Svp-3a found in the B10.AKM/Sn strain and Svp-3b expressed by all the other strains so far tested. The Svp-3 locus appears tightly linked to Svp-1 on chromosome 2. PMID- 6626149 TI - Linkage relationships of peptidase-7, Pep-7, in the mouse. AB - An electrophoretically detectable variant of peptidase-7 in Mus musculus has been found and used to locate the structural gene, Pep-7, on chromosome 5. Gene order and recombination frequencies are estimated as Pep-7, 3.5 +/- 2.0 Rw 8.8 +/- 2.2 go 20.0 +/- 4.6 bf. PMID- 6626150 TI - Linkage analyses and biochemical genetics of sorbitol dehydrogenase-1 (Sdh-1) in the mouse. AB - Electrophoretic variation of sorbitol dehydrogenase has been found in Mus musculus; the SDH-1 A phenotype migrates further toward the cathode under the conditions used than the SDH-1B phenotype. Mice with the SDH-1B phenotype have enzyme activity reduced to 25% of that found in mice with the SDH-1A phenotype, but no differences in heat stability, pH profile, or Km for fructose were found. The gene Sdh-1 is inherited as an autosomal condominant located on chromosome 2, and the gene order obtained, with genetic distance calculated as percentage recombination +/- SE was Sdh-1--1.9 +/- 1.4--pa--16.4 +/- 3.6--a--3.9 +/- 1.9- bp. PMID- 6626152 TI - Importance of sites of tracer administration and blood sampling in relation to leucine metabolism. Practical considerations. AB - For the same infusion site of L-[1-14C]leucine, sampling downstream of arterial blood underestimates leucine turnover, whereas sampling of venous blood overestimates turnover. Further, the lungs release a small but consistent amount of leucine into the blood. Unlabelled leucine also is produced by the portal drained viscera, and some is removed immediately by the liver. These sources of leucine should thus be considered in turnover calculations. PMID- 6626151 TI - Hidden breaks in ribosomal RNA of phylogenetically tetraploid fish and their possible role in the diploidization process. AB - Hidden breaks occur in the ribosomal RNA of tetraploid Cyprinid fish such that the large ribosomal RNA (28 S) yields upon denaturation two RNA fragments of 8.7 X 10(5) and 5.0 X 10(5) daltons, whereas the small rRNA (18 S) yields fragments of 3.2 X 10(5) to 5.0 X 10(4) daltons. In tetraploid Cyprinids hidden breaks occur only in the rRNA of somatic tissue and not in oocytes and sperm cells. Hidden breaks can be detected only slightly in diploid Cyprinid species. Ribosomes purified from somatic tissue of tetraploid Cyprinids show a reduced efficiency in protein synthesis in vitro. The ribosomal proteins from diploid and tetraploid Cyprinid fish show considerable electrophoretic differences. This is discussed in light of a possible functional role of hidden breaks in rRNA in the process of diploidization of gene expression in tetraploid Cyprinid species. PMID- 6626153 TI - Reversible sensitization and desensitization of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I to inhibition by malonyl-CoA in isolated rat liver mitochondria. Significance for the mechanism of malonyl-CoA-induced sensitization. AB - Preincubation of rat liver mitochondria with 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (Nbs2) followed by removal of excess reagent by washing the mitochondria with 0.5 mM-reduced glutathione resulted in a desensitization of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) I activity to malonyl-CoA inhibition. The effect was not observed if mitochondria were washed with 0.5 mM-dithiothreitol. The desensitization effect of Nbs2 could be reversed by a second incubation in the presence of 8 microM-malonyl-CoA. In addition, malonyl-CoA, when present simultaneously with Nbs2, protected CPT I activity against the desensitization effect of the thiol-group reagent. These results suggest that malonyl-CoA exerts an effect on one or more thiol groups of the enzyme, and that this effect is related to the ability of the metabolite to sensitize CPT I to malonyl-CoA inhibition. PMID- 6626154 TI - Interactions between retinyl phosphate and bivalent cations. AB - In the presence of Mn(II) ions, the u.v. absorption spectrum of retinyl phosphate (Ret-P) solubilized in Triton X-100 micelles, phosphatidylcholine liposomes or rat liver microsomes exhibited a shift from the maximum of 330 nm to 287 nm. The effect of Mn(II) was reversed by adding EDTA or phosphate buffer. The same spectral change was found in the presence of poly-L-lysine in place of Mn(II) ions. The e.s.r. spectrum of Mn(II) in the presence or in the absence of Ret-P clearly showed that approx. 75% of the initial concentration of Mn(II) ions is bound to Ret-P when the molar ratio of Ret-P to Mn(II) ions is 4:1; no such binding occurred in the presence of retinol or retinoic acid. The appearance of two isosbestic points at 303 and 368 nm, in the presence of Mn(II) ions, suggests the existence of an equilibrium between an Mn(II)-bound monomer and an Mn(II) bound dimer of Ret-P in Triton X-100 micelles. The same effect on the u.v. absorption spectrum of Ret-P was also induced by Co(II), Cr(II), Zn(II) and Fe(II), but not by Mg2+ or Cu(II). The formation of the 'metachromatic complex' between Ret-P and Mn(II) or Co(II) inhibited the synthesis of retinyl phosphate mannose (Ret-P-Man) from exogenous and endogenous Ret-P and guanosine diphosphate [14C]mannose when bovine serum albumin was added after the metal ion. However, the order of addition did not influence Ret-P-Man synthesis in incubations containing MgCl2, which does not form the metachromatic complex with Ret-P. These results suggest that the bioavailability of proteins, polyamines and metal ions may control the extent to which Ret-P can be mannosylated in the intact membrane. PMID- 6626155 TI - Microsomal electron-transport reductase activities and fatty acid elongation in rat brain. Developmental changes, regional distribution and comparison with liver activity. AB - Gestational and postnatal changes of microsomal NADH:cytochrome b5 reductase and NADPH:cytochrome c reductase activities were examined in rat brain. The specific activity of NADH:cytochrome b5 reductase was high at 18-19 days of gestational age, decreased to a minimum at 4 to 6 days after birth and increased thereafter. An essentially similar developmental pattern was observed for the specific activity of NADPH:cytochrome c reductase. In contrast, the specific activities of these reductases in liver microsomes were low, did not display a peak during gestation and increased steadily to a maximum at 40-50 days after birth. The rate of incorporation of [2-14C]malonyl-CoA into palmitoyl-CoA in brain microsomes was found to be high in the foetus, sharply decreased to a minimum at the time of birth and increased thereafter. The activity of fatty acid elongation in liver microsomes was much less than that in brain during gestation and increased rapidly after birth to values at 50-60 days 20-fold greater than the foetal activity. NADH and NADPH were equally effective for brain microsomal fatty acid elongation. Regional distribution of cytochrome reductase activities and the activity of fatty acid elongation showed the lowest specific activity in cerebellum. These results suggest that brain microsomal electron transport may be correlated with the developmental alteration in fatty acid elongation. PMID- 6626156 TI - Non-collagenous proteins of predentine from dentinogenically active bovine teeth. AB - Predentin(e) was dissected out from unerupted permanent bovine teeth. The non collagenous proteins were extracted at -13 degrees C by 4 M-guanidinium chloride containing proteinase inhibitors and separated by DEAE-Sepharose and Sephadex G 100 chromatography. In addition to a few minor constituents, the only major non collagenous components that could be demonstrated were albumin and proteoglycan. The localization of the former, demonstrated by optical-microscopical immunochemistry, was such that it was concluded that albumin is not a constituent of predentin matrix. Very low amounts of phosphoprotein were found in predentin matrix. This was of two types, high- and low-phosphorylated. Larger amounts of phosphoprotein were not present until the dissection was carried deeper into newly formed dentin(e). On the basis of the present results and previously obtained morphological data the conclusion was drawn that predentin matrix, containing virtually only collagen type I and proteoglycan, is similar in composition to that of loose connective tissue and primarily aimed at the production and maturation of collagen fibres. Only immediately before the mineralization front are the non-collagenous protein components secreted that initiate and govern calcium-phosphate mineral formation. PMID- 6626157 TI - Specific interaction between cartilage proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid at the chondrocyte cell surface. AB - Binding of exogenous [35S]sulphate-labelled cartilage proteoglycans to cells was studied with suspension cultures of calf articular-cartilage chondrocytes. Proteoglycans interact with hyaluronic acid at the cell surface via their hyaluronic acid-binding region. The binding is time-dependent and saturable, but does not appear to be freely reversible. The bound 35S-labelled proteoglycans are located at the cell surface, and only small proportions of the proteoglycans are internalized. PMID- 6626158 TI - The fate of homologous 125I-labelled immunoglobulin G within rat visceral yolk sacs incubated in vitro. AB - When 125I-labelled rat IgG (immunoglobulin G) is incubated in vitro with visceral yolk sacs from 17.5-day-pregnant rats, the protein is readily degraded. The major radioactive digestion product that accumulates in the medium is [125I]iodo-L tyrosine. When rotenone (10 microM) is also present in the incubation medium, the rate of digestion of IgG is inhibited to the same extent as the rate of pinocytosis of 125I-labelled polyvinylpyrrolidone. Proteolysis is likewise inhibited when either NH4Cl (30 mM) or leupeptin (30 micrograms/ml) is present in the medium. The above findings strongly suggest that the observed proteolysis occurs within lysosomes. Normally, yolk sacs that have been exposed in vitro to radiolabelled substrates release radioactivity slowly when the tissue is re incubated, unless the substrate can be degraded within lysosomes and released in the form of low-molecular-weight hydrolysis products. However, in such experiments 125I-labelled rat IgG shows quite exceptional behaviour in being rapidly released in an apparently intact form (as well as being degraded). If an agent that inhibits pinocytosis (e.g. rotenone or 2,4-dinitrophenol) is present in the incubation medium during exposure of the tissue to 125I-labelled rat IgG, it abolishes release of macromolecular radioactivity on re-incubation of the tissue. Enhanced tissue accumulation of 125I-labelled rat IgG, induced by the presence of leupeptin in the medium during the uptake phase, resulted in no concomitant increase in the amount of 125I-labelled IgG released in macromolecular form on re-incubation of the tissue. These findings indicate that the observed rapid release of 125I-labelled IgG is unlikely to represent release from lysosomes and is more compatible with release from a separate class of vesicle that does not fuse with lysosomes. PMID- 6626159 TI - Preparation of a low-density species of endocytic vesicle containing immunoglobulin A. AB - Immunoglobulin A is transported across hepatocytes in specialized vesicles. A population of endocytic vesicles of approx. 140 nm diameter, containing immunoglobulin A, has now been separated from all other major cytoplasmic organelles, including plasma membrane and lysosomes, by sequential centrifugation on Ficoll/sucrose and Metrizamide gradients. PMID- 6626160 TI - Proteoglycan aggregate formation by articular chondrocytes. Decrease in link protein synthesis during culture. AB - The synthesis of link-stabilized proteoglycan aggregates by rabbit articular chondrocytes was investigated by [35S]sulphate labelling of primary monolayer cultures maintained for up to 21 days. (1) At all culture times the cells secreted a high-molecular-weight cartilage-type proteoglycan monomer of which 75% 80% formed aggregates with hyaluronic acid. (2) At 2 days of culture all of the aggregates were in link-stabilized form, but by 21 days only 5% were link stabilized, as shown by displacement of monomers from the aggregate by hyaluronic acid oligosaccharides. (3) The addition of purified link protein to 21-day culture medium increased the proportion of link-stable aggregate from 5% to 70%. (4) Analysis of [3H]serine-labelled proteoglycan aggregates in the medium showed a marked decrease with culture time in the ratio of 3H-labelled link protein to 3H-labelled core protein present. The results suggest that the secretion of proteoglycan monomers and link protein by articular chondrocytes changes independently during prolonged monolayer culture. PMID- 6626161 TI - Reversible alteration of hepatic messenger RNA species for peroxisomal and non peroxisomal proteins induced by the hypolipidaemic drug Wy-14,643. AB - Extensive peroxisomal proliferation in the hepatic parenchymal cells was observed when male rats were given a diet containing 0.1% Wy-14,643 [( 4-chloro-6-(2,3 xylidino)-2-pyrimidinylthio]acetic acid), a potent lipid-decreasing drug. This drug also caused a marked increase in the concentrations of the mRNA species coding for four proteins with Mr 77000, 61000, 43000 and 31000, and a similar decrease in the concentrations of three mRNA species coding for proteins of Mr 25000, 24000 and 19000. Specific immunoprecipitation studies identified the proteins of Mr 19000, 43000 and 77000 as alpha 2u-globulin, 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (EC 2.3.1.16) and enoyl-CoA hydratase (EC 4.2.1.17) respectively. Comparisons of the Mr values suggest that the 61000- and 31000-Mr proteins may be equivalent to two additional peroxisomal enzymes, namely catalase (Mr 61000) and uricase (Mr 31000). The identity of the mRNA species coding for the 25000- and 24000-Mr proteins is at present unknown. PMID- 6626162 TI - Synergism of iron and hexachlorobenzene inhibits hepatic uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase in inbred mice. AB - The combination of a single subcutaneous dose of iron (12.5 mg/mouse) and subsequent treatment with hexachlorobenzene (0.02% of the diet) caused a progressive inhibition of hepatic uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase in male C57BL/10 mice leading to the accumulation of uroporphyrin in 4-6 weeks. There was only a slight inhibition of the enzyme in the absence of iron and none without hexachlorobenzene. Females were less sensitive than males. In addition, comparisons between the C57BL/10, BALB/c, AKR and DBA/2 strains indicated that the susceptibilities of mice to induction of porphyria did not completely correlate with their classification as Ah-responsive or Ah-non-responsive. PMID- 6626163 TI - The role of conjugation reactions in enhancing biliary secretion of bile acids. AB - Shortening the five-carbon carboxylic acid side chain of cholic acid by one methylene group gave rise to a bile acid (norcholate) that was not a substrate for the bile acid-conjugating enzymes. The metabolism and biliary secretion of norcholate in intact liver was examined in the isolated perfused rat liver system. When rat livers were perfused with 14-20 microM solutions of norcholate for 10 min, norcholate was found in the unconjugated form in liver, venous effluent and bile. Neither tauronorcholate nor glyconorcholate was detectable by high-pressure liquid chromatography or fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry. The kinetics of hepatic uptake and biliary secretion of norcholate was compared with that for cholate, taurocholate and chemically synthesized tauronorcholate. The latter three bile acids were completely cleared from the perfusate and efficiently secreted into the bile. However, norcholate was incompletely extracted from the perfusate, and this was shown to be at least partially due to its relatively lower rate of hepatic uptake. Furthermore, the rate of norcholate secretion into bile was greatly reduced relative to the secretion of cholate or chemically synthesized tauronorcholate, even though the concentration of norcholate in the liver was comparatively high. These data demonstrate that the conjugation of bile acids greatly facilitates their secretion into bile. PMID- 6626164 TI - Development and regulation of ketogenesis in hepatocytes isolated from newborn rats. AB - The development of fatty acid metabolism was studied in isolated hepatocytes from newborn rats. Ketone-body production from oleate is increased 6-fold between 0 and 16 h after birth. This increase is related to an enhanced beta-oxidation rather than to a channeling of acetyl-CoA from the tricarboxylic acid cycle to ketone-body synthesis. The increase in oleate oxidation is not related to a decreased esterification rate, as the latter is already low at birth and does not decrease further. At birth, lipogenic rate is 2-3-fold lower than in fed adult rats and it decreases to undetectable values in 16 h-old rats. A 90% inhibition of lipogenesis in hepatocytes of newborn rats (0 h) by glucagon and 5 (tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid does not lead to an increased oxidation of non esterified fatty acids. This suggests that the inverse relationship between lipogenesis and ketogenesis in the starved newborn rat is not responsible for the switch-on of fatty acid oxidation at birth. Moreover, ketogenesis from octanoate, a medium-chain fatty acid the oxidation of which is independent of carnitine acyltransferase, follows the same developmental pattern at birth as that from oleate. PMID- 6626165 TI - Phytoferritin is synthesized in vitro as a high-molecular-weight precursor. Studies on the synthesis and the uptake in vitro of the precursors of ferritin and ferredoxin by intact chloroplasts. AB - Evidence is presented that French-bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seed ferritin is composed of one type of subunit with an apparent Mr of 26500. In normal and iron loaded leaf tissues it is detected immunologically with an antiserum raised against purified bean seed ferritin and migrates in SDS (sodium dodecyl sulphate)/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis with the same mobility as the bean seed ferritin subunit. The biosynthetic pathway of ferritin in normal and iron loaded leaves was investigated. RNA was extracted, fractionated into polyadenylated RNA and translated in a cell-free rabbit reticulocyte lysate and a wheat-germ-extract system. The products were identified by SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis after indirect immunoprecipitation. In all cases the ferritin product had an Mr 5000 higher than that of the native subunit. Uptake and processing of the precursor form of ferritin from iron-loaded leaves by intact chloroplasts was demonstrated. This indicates that, in iron-loaded leaves, ferritin acts as a chloroplast protein. We propose that the ferritin precursor in normal leaves follows the same biosynthetic pathway. This suggests that the iron buffering function of ferritin in plants takes place in the chloroplast and that non-functional cellular iron will accumulate in this cell organelle. PMID- 6626166 TI - A critical appraisal of the effect of oxidized glutathione on hepatic glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase activity. AB - Experiments were undertaken to elucidate the mechanism of the reversal of NADPH inhibition of rat liver glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase by oxidized gluthathione alone and in combination with a putative cofactor described by Eggleston & Krebs [(1974) Biochem. J. 138, 425-435]. Evidence is presented that this reversal is largely an artifact, caused by the incorrect application of a control assay procedure and a spurious effect of Zn2+ (added in order to inhibit glutathione reductase) in crude enzyme solutions. When the proper assay procedure is used and glutathione reductase is inhibited with low concentrations of Hg2+, glutathione addition has no effect on NADPH inhibition of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. No evidence was found for the existence of a cofactor that mediates an effect of glutathione on glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. PMID- 6626167 TI - Biogenesis of mitochondrial proteins. Regulation of production of delta aminolaevulinate synthase by haemin in embryonic-chick liver. AB - The effect of haemin on the biogenesis of delta-aminolaevulinate synthase (ALA synthase) was investigated in primary cultures of embryonic-chick liver. The activity of the enzyme and the amount of the enzyme detected by 'immune-blotting' were determined in hepatocytes incubated with the porphyrogenic agent allylisopropylacetamide. The results of these studies indicated that the loss in ALA synthase activity in cells incubated in the presence of haemin (10 microM) was roughly proportional to a loss in the immune-reactive mass of the enzyme. Haemin was as effective as cycloheximide in causing depletion of ALA synthase in hepatocytes. We had previously established that haemin blocked the maturation of the precursor of ALA synthase [Ades (1983) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 110, 42 47]. From results reported in the present paper on analyses of immune precipitated ALA synthase after pulse-labelling with [35S]methionine in the presence and in the absence of haemin, we determined that the inhibition of processing of pre-ALA synthase in cells by haemin was concentration-dependent. A concentration of 2 microM in the culture medium blocked the processing of pre-ALA synthase by 50% in hepatocytes. We also determined that, after inhibition of its maturation by haemin, pre-ALA synthase turned-over with a half-time of 30 min; on the other hand, mature ALA synthase turned-over with a half-time of 120 min. PMID- 6626168 TI - An intermediary role for the tremorgenic mycotoxin TR-2 in the biosynthesis of verruculogen. AB - 14C-Labelled compound TR-2, a tremorgenic mycotoxin, was administered to Penicillium raistrickii in submerged fermentation. Half of the added radiolabel was taken up by the fungus during the 60 h incubation period and the secondary metabolites subsequently isolated, principally verruculogen but also fumitremorgin B, were found to be radiolabelled. The efficiency of biosynthetic incorporation of TR-2 into verruculogen within the mycelium was at least 35%, demonstrating for the first time an intermediary role for TR-2. Fumitremorgin B was also TR-2-derived but may not be an important intermediate in verruculogen biosynthesis. PMID- 6626169 TI - Specific association of iduronic acid-rich dermatan sulphate with the extracellular matrix of human skin fibroblasts cultured on collagen gels. AB - Human skin fibroblasts cultured on collagen gels produced two dermatan sulphate species, one, enriched in iduronic acid residues, that bound specifically to the collagenous fibres of the gel, the other, enriched in glucuronic acid, that accumulated in the culture medium. Collagen-binding and collagen-non-binding dermatan sulphates were also produced by cells grown on plastic surfaces, but in these cultures each constituent was released into the growth medium. Net synthesis of dermatan sulphate was 3-fold higher in cells maintained on collagen gels. In contrast, heparan sulphate synthesis was not influenced by the nature of the culture surface. The concentration of heparan sulphate in surface-membrane extracts was similar for cells grown on plastic and on collagen gels, but cells cultured on collagen showed a notable increase in the content of surface-membrane dermatan sulphate. The patterns of synthesis and distribution of sulphated glycosaminoglycans observed in skin fibroblasts maintained on collagen gels may reflect differentiated cellular functions. PMID- 6626170 TI - Haem disorder in modified myoglobins. Effect of reconstitution procedures. AB - Apomyoglobin was reconstituted with deuterohaem derivatives under various conditions. The fraction of disordered component, which is characterized by a 180 degree rotation of the haem group, for the various preparations was determined by n.m.r. spectroscopy. By using the procedures described, it was shown that the fraction of disordered component is minimized if the reconstitution is carried out with high-spin ferric haem derivatives within an experimentally determined optimum pH range of 8-9.5. Use of low-spin derivatives in either the ferrous or ferric forms leads to substantial increases in the fraction of disordered form. Attempted removal of the disordered form by selective oxidation and chromatographic purification was not effective. PMID- 6626171 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of a lectin from Euphorbia heterophylla seeds. AB - An N-acetylgalactosamine-specific lectin was isolated from Euphorbia heterophylla seeds by affinity chromatography on cross-linked arabinogalactan. It is a dimeric protein of two identical subunits of Mr 32 000, and differs structurally from all previously known Euphorbiaceae lectins. Its distribution over the seed is typical in that it is merely confined to the primary axes. PMID- 6626172 TI - Cross-linking of collagen. Isolation, structural characterization and glycosylation of pyridinoline. AB - A method for the isolation and purification of pyridinoline from bone collagen was developed, with the use of sulphonated polystyrene resins. The analytical techniques were used to quantify pyridinoline, for which hydroxyallysine is a known precursor, in a wide range of tissues. The structure of pyridinoline proposed by Fujimoto, Moriguchi, Ishida & Hayashi [(1978) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 84, 52-57] was confirmed by 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy and fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry. At concentrations greater than about 0.1 mM, pyridinoline exhibited altered fluorescence properties that were consistent with excimer formation. From alkali hydrolysates of several different tissues, a fluorescent compound was purified by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography and was shown to be galactosylpyridinoline. This derivative was very labile to acid treatment compared with the bifunctional cross-link analogues, and was completely converted into free pyridinoline by heating at 108 degrees C for 8 h in 0.1 M-HCl. Galactosylpyridinoline was also partially converted into free pyridinoline by prolonged alkali hydrolysis. This lability, which could also apply to other multifunctional cross-link derivatives, may explain the fact that no disaccharide derivatives of pyridinoline were isolated. PMID- 6626173 TI - Cross-linking of collagen. Location of pyridinoline in bovine articular cartilage at two sites of the molecule. AB - The location of pyridinoline in 18-month-old bovine articular cartilage was investigated by fractionation of CNBr-derived peptides by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Two peptides, PCP1 and PCP2, were isolated and were shown to contain stoichiometric amounts of pyridinoline. From its amino acid composition and sequence studies, peptide PCP1 was shown to comprise two C terminal non-helical chains (CB14) linked through pyridinoline to the alpha 1(II) CB12 portion of the helix. The CB14 chains appeared to be labile at their C terminal ends, resulting in lower-than-expected amounts of homoserine, and only the N-terminal portion of the peptide was sequenced. Similar studies of peptide PCP2 showed that it contained two N-terminal non-helical chains (CB4) linked to the alpha 1(II)-CB9,7 portion of the helix. The isolated peptides therefore confirmed the function of pyridinoline in stabilizing the 4D stagger of adjacent molecules. The possibility that the cross-link could act both as an intra- and an inter-microfibrillar cross-link was considered. A mechanism of formation of pyridinoline was postulated that, together with other evidence, appears to support the view that, in cartilage, pyridinoline acts primarily as an intramicrofibrillar cross-link and does not contribute to increased stability during maturation through lateral aggregation and bonding of filaments. PMID- 6626174 TI - On the mechanism of the modulation in vitro of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase by progesterone. AB - The assay of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) in the presence of progesterone resulted in a lower enzyme activity and this inhibition was dependent on the concentration of steroid in the assay mixture. The incubation at 37 degrees C of rat liver microsomal fraction followed by the re-isolation of treated microsomal vesicles and the assay of ACAT resulted in a pre-incubation time-dependent increase in the activity of the enzyme. This rate of increase was inhibited by the presence of progesterone in the pre-incubation mixture. The incubation of the microsomal fraction in the presence of cholesterol/phosphatidylcholine liposomes, followed by the re-isolation of the treated microsomal vesicles and assay of ACAT, resulted in time-dependent and liposomal cholesterol-concentration-dependent transfer of cholesterol to microsomal vesicles and in an increase in the activity of ACAT. The presence of progesterone during pre-incubation had no effect on the rate of transfer of liposomal cholesterol to the microsomal vesicles. However, progesterone decreased the rate of change in ACAT activity. This effect can be attributed to progesterone associated with treated microsomal vesicles and present during the enzyme assay. Consistent with this, the presence of progesterone has no effect on the size of the non-esterified cholesterol pool that acts as substrate for ACAT. The size of the ACAT substrate pool was modulated in vitro or in vivo and ACAT activity was assayed in the presence of various concentrations of progesterone. The data suggest that the interaction of the steroid with ACAT is at a site other than the catalytic site and that changes in the size of the substrate pool are associated with an increase in ACAT activity, but do not result in changes in the conformation of the enzyme or in co-operative transitions of the enzyme. PMID- 6626175 TI - Neural 16S acetylcholinesterase is solubilized by heparin. AB - The effect of heparin, a sulphated glycosaminoglycan, on the solubilization of rat sciatic-nerve acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine acetylhydrolase; AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) was studied. It was found that heparin solubilized esterase activity from ligated nerves. Sedimentation analysis revealed this activity to be mainly the 16S form. Chondroitin sulphate did not solubilize AChE activity, and protamine eliminated the solubilizing effect. Our results suggest the involvement of sulphated glycosaminoglycans in the intra-axonal localization and transport of 16S AChE. PMID- 6626176 TI - Characterization of sea-urchin fibronectin. AB - Sea-urchin fibronectin from the ovary of the sea urchin Pseudocentrotus depressus bound to gelatin, fibrin and fibrinogen. After mild digestion of the protein labelled with 125I, a 195 000 Da domain was observed. Sea-urchin fibronectin was aggregated by spermine (1 mM) at neutral pH. When the concentration of spermine was decreased or increased, the aggregation was diminished. The addition of 1 M NaCl or 4 M-urea inhibited the spermine-induced aggregation. Sea-urchin fibronectin mediated the spreading of baby-hamster kidney cells on the plastic surface. PMID- 6626177 TI - Electron--nuclear-double-resonance studies of spinach plastocyanin. AB - Electron--nuclear-double-resonance (ENDOR) studies of spinach plastocyanin revealed that 14N-hyperfine couplings from its two co-ordinated imidazole groups are characteristically small in anisotropy and relatively high in ENDOR frequencies and that the two imidazole groups are magnetically equivalent. The relatively strong copper-imidazole co-ordinate bonds of plastocyanin are interpreted to be a result of the coexistence of a strong copper--thiol co ordinate bond. PMID- 6626178 TI - Erythrocyte glutathione S-transferase. Electrophoretic identification of two enzyme forms. AB - Starch-gel electrophoresis was used to demonstrate two forms of glutathione S transferase in human erythrocytes. Whereas considerable inter-individual differences in enzyme activity and electrophoretic patterns were detected, intra individual differences were small. PMID- 6626179 TI - Pro-(carboxypeptidases A) from whole pig pancreas. Their mass, size, shape and solvation. AB - Sedimentation analysis and light-scattering measurements were made with the two forms of pig pancreas pro-(carboxypeptidase A), in order to determine some of their physical properties. The following values were found (the first value applies to the binary complex and the second one to the monomer). The A 1%/280.1 cm values were 19.9 +/- 0.3 and 16.3 +/- 0.3. The partial specific volumes v -0 were 0.707 +/- 0.016 cm3/g and 0.714 +/- 0.015 cm3/g. The sedimentation coefficients S 0/20,w were 4.90 +/- 0.15S and 3.75 +/- 0.15 S. The diffusion coefficients D 0/20,w were (5.8 +/- 0.1) X 10(-7) cm2/s and (6.95 +/- 0.15) X 10( 7) cm2/s. From these data the following values were calculated. Relative molecular masses Mr were 71 000 +/- 4000 and 46 000 +/- 3000. The frictional ratios f/fmin. were 1.37 +/- 0.06 and 1.31 +/- 0.07; assuming a value for the solvation of the molecules (delta = 0.5 g/g) the asymmetry values range from 3 to 5 for the binary complex and from 2 to 4 for the monomer. The Mr values found in the present work coincide with those found by means of polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate [Martinez, Aviles, SanSegundo & Cuchillo (1981) Biochem. J. 197, 141-147]. Therefore the low values obtained by those authors when using gel-filtration chromatography must be the result of the interaction of the zymogens with the gel matrix, as the asymmetry is too small to justify the large discrepancies found. PMID- 6626180 TI - Direct deamination of AMP, ADP, ATP and NADH by non-specific adenylate deaminase in the foot muscle of the snail Helix pomatia. AB - Homogeneous adenylate deaminase from snail foot muscle deaminated 5'-AMP, 5'-ADP, 5'-ATP and NADH with similar velocity and affinity to all substrates. At millimolar concentration NAD+ was also deaminated to a comparable extent, but NADP+, NADPH and FAD were not substrates for the snail enzyme. The amount of deaminase activity per g of fresh tissue is 5-10 times greater than in the muscle of any other species studied. The activity of the snail deaminase is regulated by pH, KCl and buffer concentrations, and Pi; however, regulation seems to be very poor in comparison with that of muscle deaminases from other species, specific to 5'-AMP. Snail enzyme appears as the first animal deaminase so far described that has such characteristics. It offers also some opportunities as an analytical tool as a consequence of its very high affinity toward adenylates. PMID- 6626181 TI - Purification of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase from human erythrocytes. Immunochemical evidence for a single protein with decarboxylase activity in human erythrocytes and liver. AB - Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.37) has been purified 4419-fold to a specific activity of 58.3 nmol of coproporphyrinogen III formed/min per mg of protein (with pentacarboxyporphyrinogen III as substrate) from human erythrocytes by adsorption to DEAE-cellulose, (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, gel filtration, phenyl Sepharose chromatography and polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Progressive loss of activity towards uroporphyrinogens I and III occurred during purification. Experiments employing immunoprecipitation, immunoelectrophoresis and titration with solid-phase antibody indicated that all the uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity of human erythrocytes resides in one protein, and that the substrate specificity of this protein had changed during purification. The purified enzyme had a minimum mol.wt. of 39 500 on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Gel filtration gave a mol.wt. of 58 000 for the native enzyme. Isoelectric focusing showed a single band with a pI of 4.60. Reaction with N ethylmaleimide abolished both catalytic activity and immunoreactivity. Incubation with substrates or porphyrins prevented inactivation by N-ethylmaleimide. An antiserum raised against purified erythrocyte enzyme precipitated more than 90% of the uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity from human liver. Quantitative immunoprecipitation and crossed immunoelectrophoresis showed that the erythrocyte and liver enzymes are very similar but not identical. The differences observed may reflect secondary modification of enzyme structure by proteolysis or oxidation of thiol groups, rather than a difference in primary structure. PMID- 6626183 TI - Plasma lipoprotein separation by discontinuous density gradient ultracentrifugation in hyperlipoproteinemic patients. AB - Quantitative plasma lipoprotein separation is usually performed by sequential ultracentrifugation which because of the necessity of repeated ultracentrifugation is extremely time consuming and results in changes in lipoprotein composition. We describe a simple, reliable, and rapid method for quantitative plasma lipoprotein separation which is based on ultracentrifugation of the plasma in a discontinuous density gradient media consisting of a saline solution of different densities placed over a plasma solution of 1.250 g/ml (with potassium bromide). After 48 hr of ultra-centrifugation in a swinging bucket rotor excellent lipoprotein separation was demonstrated. The lipoproteins were pure and there was significantly less loss of high density lipoprotein protein to the lipoprotein deficient plasma (d greater than 1.210 g/ml) when compared to the losses incurred during the sequential flotation method. The results of separating the plasma lipoproteins from subjects with dyslipoproteinemias by this method were demonstrated. We conclude that discontinuous density gradient ultra centrifugation is the method of choice for quantitative plasma lipoprotein separation for both clinical and research use. PMID- 6626182 TI - The identification and characterization of two separate carboxylesterases in guinea-pig serum. AB - The esterase activity of guinea-pig serum was investigated. A 3-fold purification was achieved by removing the serum albumin by Blue Sepharose CL-6B affinity chromatography. The partially purified enzyme preparation had carboxylesterase and cholinesterase activities of 1.0 and 0.22 mumol of substrate/min per mg of protein respectively. The esterases were labelled with [3H]di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DiPF) and separated electrophoretically on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gels. Two main labelled bands were detected: band I had Mr 80 000 and bound 18-19 pmol of [3H]DiPF/mg of protein, and band II had Mr 58 000 and bound 7 pmol of [3H]DiPF/mg of protein. Bis-p-nitrophenyl phosphate (a selective inhibitor of carboxylesterase) inhibited most of the labelling of bands I and II. The residual labelling (8%) of band I but not band II (4%) was removed by preincubation of partially purified enzyme preparation with neostigmine (a selective inhibitor of cholinesterase). Paraoxon totally prevented the [3H]DiPF labelling of the partially purified enzyme preparation. Isoelectrofocusing of [3H]DiPF-labelled and uninhibited partially purified enzyme preparation revealed that there were at least two separate carboxylesterases, which had pI3.9 and pI6.2, a cholinesterase enzyme (pI4.3) and an unidentified protein that reacts with [3H]DiPF and has a pI5.0. Sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of these enzymes showed that the carboxylesterase enzymes at pI3.9 and pI6.2 corresponded to the 80 000-Mr subunit (band I) and 58 000-Mr subunit (band II). The cholinesterase enzyme was also composed of 80 000-Mr subunits (i.e. the residual labelling in band I after bis-p-nitrophenyl phosphate treatment). The unidentified protein at pI5.0 corresponded to the residual labelling in band II (Mr 58 000), which was insensitive to neostigmine and bis-p nitrophenyl phosphate. These studies show that the carboxylesterase activity of guinea-pig serum is the result of at least two separate and distinct enzymes. PMID- 6626184 TI - Decreased plasma taurine levels in retinitis pigmentosa. PMID- 6626185 TI - Growth enhancement induced by prolonged L-dopa administration in rats. AB - To follow growth of rats, in which growth hormone secretion has been chronically stimulated, L-Dopa (5 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously twice daily for 70 days to growing rats. A control group, matched for sex and sibship, pair fed with the treatment group was given saline injections. At 10-day intervals, the rats were weighed and measured. At 90 days of age the rats were ether anesthesized, bled for growth hormone determination, and internal viscera weighed. Weight gain and length in the L-Dopa-treated group was found to be significantly greater. A mean weight gain of 6% and 12% in the male and female rats, respectively, and a mean length gain of 5% in both male and female rats was observed at 90 days of age. The thymus, thyroid, adrenals, uterus, and gonads all tended to be heavier in the L-Dopa-treated group. Significantly heavier kidneys were found in the L-Dopa group. Serum growth hormone was found to be 8.44 +/- 1.4(SE) ng/ml in the L-Dopa group and 4.6 +/- 0.9 ng/ml in the control group. It is concluded that the continuous administration of L-Dopa produces an increase of circulating serum growth hormone levels, and this in turn enhances growth. PMID- 6626186 TI - Whole-body protein turnover in metabolically stressed patients and patients with cancer as measured with [15N] glycine. AB - The whole-body protein synthesis rate (PSR) was measured in 5 control patients (group I) and 38 patients in various clinical states (group II). A single pulse of [15N]glycine was given and the PSR calculated from the 15N enrichment in the urinary ammonia excreted over the next 10 hr. The patients' results fell into three separate groups: group IIa patients were nonstressed and had uneventful recoveries (3.1 +/- 0.6 g prot./kg/day), their PSRs were the same as the control group I, (3.1 +/- 1.0 g prot./kg/day); group IIb patients were stressed, had higher PSRs (6.3 +/- 0.9 g prot./kg/day), one of whom died, and the rest had more complications than group IIa; group IIc patients had very high PSRs (15.4 +/- 6.1 g prot./kg/day), all of whom were seriously ill, and 8 out 12 died; Data are +/- 1 SD. The PSR correlated with the serum glutamate oxaloacetate transferase (SGOT, P less than 0.01). We concluded: (i) [15N]glycine cannot be used to measure the PSR in patients with evidence of liver disease; the results are best interpreted in terms of glycine metabolism; (ii) the "apparent" PSR correlated with clinical status; and (iii) an elevated PSR in a patient with a malignancy is not necessarily due to protein metabolism by the tumor. PMID- 6626187 TI - A new reagent for the rapid determination of total hemoglobin as hemiglobincyanide in blood containing carboxyhemoglobin. AB - Kinetics of conversion of HbCO to HiCN with various K3Fe(CN)6-KCN reagents was examined photometrically. Complete conversion of HbCO to HiCN required about 8 hr, 150 min, and 50 min with Drabkin's reagent, that of van Kampen and Zijlstra, and that of Taylor and Miller, respectively. The absorbance at 540 nm was stabilized practically in 5 min even in CO-saturated blood when a reagent containing a 1600-fold excess of K3Fe(CN)6 to Hb iron was used. A slight increase in the absorbance was observed around 504 nm in the HiCN solution produced with the reagent. The absorbance at 540 nm in the solution, however, was stable until at least 120 min after mixing. From these findings, a reagent containing a 1600 fold excess of K3Fe(CN)6 to Hb iron and an incubation time of 5 min were used for the complete conversion of HbCO to HiCN. The stabilization of the absorbance at 540 nm was often prolonged to 10 min when the reagent was stored over 2 weeks. The reagent was compared with two other reagents, using 20 blood samples containing various amounts of HbCO, and proved to be suitable for the determination of total Hb in blood containing elevated HbCO as well as in ordinary blood. PMID- 6626188 TI - Studies on sodium-borohydride-reducible hexose in glucosyl-albumin. AB - Glucosylated albumin of human serum isolated by dye-ligand chromatography on blue Sepharose, was not found to be completely reducible by sodium borohydride. The percentage reducible hexose as judged by phenol-sulphuric acid reaction was in the range of 49.7 +/- 12.8 in control subjects (n = 24) and 53.8 +/- 14.2 in diabetics (n = 50). Increase in the level of total hexose bound to albumin and reducible hexose were equally significant in diabetes (P less than 0.001). Sodium chloride gradient elution during chromatography on blue Sepharose showed that glucosylated albumin had lesser affinity than the native protein to the matrix. It is proposed that an addition product between hexose and albumin is formed during nonenzymatic reaction and this adduct is fairly stable and is not reducible by sodium borohydride. PMID- 6626189 TI - Heat production of pig platelets in relation with glycolysis and respiration. AB - Heat production of pig platelets was measured on a flow microcalorimeter with simultaneous measurements of the oxygen consumption and metabolite change of the suspension. The heat production associated with the glycolytic reaction was estimated from the decrease in the heat production caused by the addition of sodium fluoride. The glycolytic heat production was about -75 kJ per mol of lactate formed, which is the sum of the enthalpy values for the conversion of glucose to lactic acid and that for the neutralization of the acid. The heat production due to the respiration was estimated from the heat production of the cells at various pH. The respiratory heat production was about -475 kJ per mol oxygen consumed, which agrees with the enthalpy change for the non phosphorylating respiration of mitochondria or for the complete oxidation of glucose or fatty acids. The heat production of the cells increased by the alkalinization of the medium, and the increase of the heat production was parallel with the increase in the lactate formation. PMID- 6626190 TI - An improved modification of the biuret method for the determination of protein in turbid materials with high lipid and hemoglobin content. AB - The quantitative determination of protein by means of the biuret method frequently yields erroneous values, especially when applied to turbid, lipid- and hemoglobin-containing materials. These errors can only partially be abolished either by the addition of detergents or by destroying the Cu-protein complex by KCN addition. It was found that most disturbances were almost completely eliminated after prior precipitation of protein by the addition of Triton X-100 to the solubilizing biuret reagent and absorbance measurements being performed at a wavelength of 572 nm before and after the addition of KCN. Values of protein determinations according to the proposed assay and protein concentrations calculated from Kjeldahl nitrogen determinations have been shown to agree fairly satisfactory. The proposed assay represents a relatively simple and versatile approach for the evaluation of protein concentrations in a variety of materials containing lipids, hemoglobin and of some other turbidities as well. PMID- 6626191 TI - Unique applications of fenfluramine or p-chloramphetamine in the early postnatal period influence the formation of conditioned avoidance responses in adult rats. PMID- 6626192 TI - Red cell creatine in term and preterm, adequate and small for gestational age newborns after normal pregnancy or risk conditions. I. Statistical analysis of creatine in various groups of newborns. AB - The red cell creatine concentration was determined in 174 newborns (cord blood) and in 50 healthy adults. Normal values for term adequate for gestational age newborns without intrauterine and perinatal risk (n = 53) were established to lie significantly above those for adults. Newborns after risk pregnancies had higher mean creatine concentrations than those born after uneventful gestation. Small for gestational age (SGA) infants proved to have the lowest creatine concentration of all newborn groups. The creatine values of our SGA children suggested that not more than 20% of them had chronic intrauterine hypoxia. It is concluded that red cell creatine at birth may serve to characterize in retrospect erythropoietic dynamics in cases of intrauterine growth retardation and intrauterine risk. PMID- 6626193 TI - Red cell creatine in term and preterm, adequate and small for gestational age newborns after normal pregnancy or risk conditions. II. Mathematical analysis of 12 risk conditions in relation to the creatine level at birth. AB - Univariate and multivariate analysis of variance and discriminant analysis were performed on newborns with respect to the level of red cell creatine at birth (cord blood) and 12 risk conditions occurring during the last trimester of gestation and birth. 111 of the 174 newborns studied had been at risk. The factor "small for gestational age" (SGA) showed to have a negative coefficient of discriminant function, i.e. it contributes to lower creatine values at birth. Other risks are shown to raise the creatine level. For "adequate for gestational age" (AGA) newborns "Rh-incompatibility", "toxoplasmosis", "premature and/or prolonged rupture of the membranes", "complications of the umbilical cord" and - to a minor degree - "pyelonephritis of the mother", "threatened premature labour", and "toxemia of pregnancy" were shown to be significant risks leading towards high red cell creatine concentrations in cord blood. For the SGA infants "preterm birth", "threatened premature labour", "green amniotic fluid" and "toxemia of pregnancy" were the most important risks relating to high creatine levels of red cells at birth. PMID- 6626194 TI - [Chronotropic effects of carnitine derivatives in isolated rabbit atria at defined transmural pressures]. AB - Acetylcarnitine isomers and gamma-betaine methylesters are closely structure related to cholinergic agonists. With continuous perfusion at defined transmural pressures of 0.1 and 0.5 kPa their effects on the chronotropic autoregulation of isolated spontaneously beating atria were examined in comparison with acetylcholine. Independent of the transmural pressure, the two isomers of acetylcarnitine had no effects on the heart rate up to a concentration of 10(-3) mol/l. Among the carboxylesters of gamma-betaines, the crotonobetaine methylester was up to 100 fold more effective than acetylcholine. Hydrogenation of the double bond decreased the negative chronotropic response 10 times. The L(-)-carnitine methylester did not influence the spontaneous heart rate up to 3 X 10(-3) mol/l, but the D-isomer inhibited it significantly. Increase of the transmural pressure caused the same level of heart rate in both controls and atria under free betaines. At transmural pressure of 0.5 kPa, in comparison with 0.1 kPa, a significantly greater impairment of heart rate, released by crotonobetaine methylester, was observed. Atropine blocked the interactions of the gamma-betaine methylesters with the muscarinic cholinergic receptors of the pacemaker cells. PMID- 6626195 TI - [Effect of desipramine and social isolation on neuronal activity in rat hippocampus]. AB - Chronic treatment of rats with desipramine leads to an increase of hippocampal neurons with low spontaneous activity. After an isolation rearing period of three months an increased spontaneous activity is seen in the hippocampus of rats. Furthermore the hippocampal spontaneous activity is related to age. Opposite alterations of spontaneous activity in desipramine treated and socially isolated rats, respectively, as well as their relations to noradrenergic transmission processes are discussed. The isolation syndrome as a model to test substances with antidepressive properties is also reviewed. PMID- 6626196 TI - Effect of long-term marginal vitamin C deficiency on plasma triglyceride kinetics in guinea-pigs. AB - A multicompartmental analysis of the plasma triglyceride kinetics after [3H]glycerol administration revealed that hypertriglyceridemia in vitamin c deficient guinea-pigs was caused by a slowed triglyceride removal from the plasma compartment. PMID- 6626197 TI - [Problems of non-acclimatized maintenance of laboratory animals]. PMID- 6626198 TI - Heterogeneous distribution of enkephalin-degrading peptidases between neuronal and glial cells. AB - Cultured neurones, astroblasts and astrocytes from murine brain have been screened with specific tests for the presence of peptidases capable of degrading enkephalin. Bestatin-sensitive aminopeptidases represent the major enkephalin degrading activity in all cases. The dipeptidylaminopeptidasic activity is much higher in the neuronal than the glial cultures, whereas the opposite is true for the metallopeptidase called "enkephalinase". Only trace amounts of the dipeptidylcarboxypeptidase "angiotensin-converting enzyme" have been found. We conclude that bestatin-sensitive aminopeptidases on nerve cells are probable candidates for enkephalin-inactivating enzymes, whereas the "enkephalinase" on glial cells more likely serves a scavenger function. PMID- 6626199 TI - Ca2+ release from energetically coupled tumor mitochondria. AB - A Na+/Ca2+ exchange activity for Ca2+ efflux has been identified in isolated Ehrlich ascites tumor mitochondria. Further, under conditions favoring cycling of Ca2+ across the mitochondrial inner membrane, extramitochondrial [Ca2+] also was shown to be Na+-dependent. The Na+/Ca2+ exchange showed sigmoidal kinetics with a mean (+/-SD) [Na+] required for half maximal stimulation of Ca2+ efflux of 8.4 +/ 3.8 mM and a Hill coefficient of 1.6. Na+/Ca2+ exchange was very sensitive to inhibition by the Ca2+ antagonist diltiazem (56% inhibition at 7.5 nmoles X mg protein-1) whereas a number of other compounds, including verapamil, nupercaine, and trifluoperazine were less effective in inhibiting Ca2+ efflux. These data demonstrate for the first time the presence of a pathway in tumor mitochondria for unidirectional Ca2+ efflux induced by Na+, and provide a mechanism for regulation of tumor intra- and extramitochondrial [Ca2+]. Results of the present study support the need for further study of intracellular Na+ and its role in regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis in tumor cells. PMID- 6626200 TI - Variable amounts of translatable ferritin mRNA in bean leaves with various iron contents. AB - RNA was isolated from bean leaves with various iron and ferritin contents. The amount of translatable ferritin mRNA in these RNAs was determined by wheat-germ cell-free translation and immunoprecipitation with anti-bean seed ferritin serum. The levels of ferritin mRNA present in total RNA of the leaves are reflected by the in vivo levels of ferritin in the corresponding leaf tissues. This implies that the iron-dependent regulation of phytoferritin synthesis, in contrast with the regulation of animal ferritin synthesis, occurs at the level of transcription. PMID- 6626201 TI - Changes of the pattern of biliary bile acids during isolated rat liver perfusion. AB - In spite of the extensive use of isolated perfused liver systems for bile acid related studies, the composition of biliary bile acids during liver perfusion is not well known. Using recently developed bioluminescence assays for 3 alpha-OH-, 7 alpha-OH-, and 12 alpha-OH- bile acids we studied the hydroxylation pattern of bile acids in bile during 90 minutes perfusion of isolated rat liver without added bile acid load. At the beginning 7 alpha-hydroxylated bile acids comprised more than 50% of total bile acids from male livers and more than 90% from female livers, this percentage declined rapidly during the first 40-50 minutes of perfusion to values between 10 and 20%. 12 alpha-hydroxylated bile acids comprised between 15 and 30% of the total at beginning of the perfusion and decreased to about 10% after 40 minutes. Sex differences as well as the influence of the duration of perfusion should be considered when the isolated perfused rat liver is used for bile acid related studies. PMID- 6626202 TI - Bicyclic ring formation is not necessary for the (auto)oxidation of ascorbic acid. AB - The oxidation rates of ascorbic acid and several of its derivatives have been examined in order to delineate the role of bicyclic ring formation in the autooxidation of ascorbic acid. The compounds evaluated and their respective oxidation rates at pH 7.4 are in uM X min-1: ascorbate, 0.70; 5 methyl 3,4 dihydroxytetrone, 0.65; D-iso ascorbate, 0.73; and ascorbyl palmitate, 0.64. These data do not support the contention that bicyclic ring formation is required for the oxidation of ascorbic acid because both 5 methyl 3,4 dihydroxytetrone and ascorbyl palmitate, neither of which can form the bicyclic intermediate, have oxidation rates similar to that of ascorbate. Furthermore, evidence is presented which suggests that ionization of the oxygen on C3 of ascorbic acid is an obligatory initial step in ascorbic acid autooxidation. PMID- 6626203 TI - Identification of a receptor for senescent erythrocytes on liver macrophages. AB - Isolated rat liver macrophages adherent to culture dishes phagocytize selectively senescent rat erythrocytes as well as in vitro aged rat erythrocytes but not young or freshly isolated erythrocytes. Since in vitro aged erythrocytes lack cell bound antibodies and phagocytosis occurs in serum free medium, antibodies do not appear to play a role. Phagocytosis as well as binding of old erythrocytes to liver macrophages is inhibited by N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and related monosaccharides (1-25 mM range) and by corresponding synthetic glycoproteins (10( 6)-10(-10) M range) but not by D-mannose or N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. We conclude that recognition and phagocytosis of senescent and in vitro aged erythrocytes is mediated by the galactose particle receptor on rat liver macrophages. PMID- 6626204 TI - Protein kinase activity of the insulin receptor in human circulating and cultured mononuclear cells. AB - In lectin-purified receptor preparations from human monocyte-like cell (U-937), insulin (10(-7)M) stimulated phosphorylation of the 95,000 dalton subunit of its own receptor. In addition, insulin stimulated phosphorylation of exogenously added substrates like casein, (T,G)-A--L, and histones. Phosphorylation of the synthetic peptide (T,G)-A--L indicates the presence of at least one insulin dependent tyrosine kinase in these cell extracts. Insulin receptor preparations from freshly isolated human mononuclear blood cells were also shown to possess insulin-dependent casein and (T,G)-A--L kinase activity. Phosphorylations in these systems are specific for insulin and dependent on insulin concentration. A simple and rapid method is described that is relevant for clinical investigations of early postbinding events. PMID- 6626205 TI - Association of adenylate cyclase inhibition by NaF with loss of a factor in rat heart sarcolemma. AB - Heart sarcolemma from different animals was isolated for studying the effect of NaF on membrane-bound adenylate cyclase activity. Unlike dog and rabbit heart, a depression of adenylate cyclase by NaF was observed in sarcolemma from rat heart. There was a progressive attenuation of the NaF ability to stimulate the enzyme at different steps of the sarcolemmal isolation procedure. The activation by epinephrine in the presence of Gpp(NH)p also decreased progressively but unlike NaF, this agent did not show an inhibition of the enzyme. The inhibitory action of NaF was not reversed upon the treatment of heart membranes with deoxycholate or by Ca2+. Lubrol extract (supernatant) of a particulate fraction from rat heart, which showed NaF activation, returned the stimulatory response of the sarcolemmal adenylate cyclase to NaF. These results suggest that some regulatory factor is required for the stimulation of adenylate cyclase by NaF in myocardium and rat heart is susceptible for the loss of such a factor during the sarcolemmal isolation by the hypotonic shock-LiBr treatment method. PMID- 6626206 TI - Direct influence of dexamethasone in vivo on rat testicular lipogenic enzymes involved in pyruvate-malate pathway. AB - The changes in specific activities of NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase, ATP-citrate lyase, Malate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme were studied in adrenalectomised and dexamethasone injected pubertal rats. One month after adrenalectomy the specific activity of NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase increased but the specific activities of the other three enzymes decreased. An opposite effect was seen after dexamethasone administration to intact animals. The changes observed in the specific activities of enzymes of adrenalectomised and dexamethasone treated animals reverted back to normal after dexamethasone replacement and withdrawal, respectively. PMID- 6626207 TI - Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of malic acid analogues of angiotensin II. AB - Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of underivatized L-malic acid analogues of angiotensin II yield spectra which provide confirmation of molecular weight and amino acid sequence. The characteristics of the spectra are discussed and compared with the spectra of natural Angiotensin II. PMID- 6626208 TI - Mode of organization of galactolipids: a conformational analysis. AB - Despite the fact that photosynthetic membranes show the conventional bilayer structure, their major lipid component monogalactosyldiacylglycerol does not form lamellar structure but takes up an hexagonal-II structure when dispersed alone in water and forms inverted lipids micelle structures when dispersed together with other lipid components of the photosynthetic membrane. We present here evidence that the mode of organization of these lipids can be predicted from a conformational approach allowing to describe the configuration of assembled amphiphilic molecules. The minimal conformational energy is calculated as the sum of the contributions resulting from the Van der Waals interactions, the torsional potentials, the electrostatic interaction and the transfer energy. Because of its calculated "cone shaped" structure monogalactosyldiacylglycerol forms inverted lipid structure with the hydrophilic groups pointing inward; for digalactosyldiacylglycerol, an other essential lipid constituent of photosynthetic membrane, its calculated cylindrical shape induces an organization in bilayer structures. PMID- 6626209 TI - Two classes of estrogen receptors which differ in their activation mechanisms. AB - Studies on the mechanism of activation of estrogen receptor (ER) have led us to identify two classes of receptors. Effect of molybdate on the activation of ER was determined by their affinity for nuclei or DNA-cellulose. Molybdate caused inhibition of nuclear binding with rat uterine ER, but an increase in the binding was observed with rabbit uterine ER. Similar results were observed when DNA cellulose was used instead of nuclei. To further test the diversity in ER activation, DNA-cellulose binding of ER from 10 primary breast cancer tissues was determined in the presence or absence of molybdate. ER from 8 tissues showed inhibition of binding, one showed an increase, and one was not affected by molybdate. These results indicate the presence of two classes of ER, one whose activation is inhibited by molybdate and another whose activation is either unaffected or stimulated by molybdate. Other differences between rat and rabbit uterine ER are also discussed. PMID- 6626210 TI - Induction of benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase in Aspergillus ochraceus TS: evidences of multiple forms of cytochrome P-450. AB - The filamentous fungus Aspergillus ochraceus TS produces an inducible microsomal cytochrome P-450 linked monooxygenase which is capable of hydroxylating benzo(a)pyrene in presence of O2 and NADPH. The addition of Benzo(a)pyrene, 3 Methyl cholanthrene, beta-Naphthoflavone and other aryl hydrocarbons during the induction period causes dramatic improvement in the kinetics of benzo(a) pyrene hydroxylation as was evidenced by large decrease in Km and increase in Vmax values. On the other hand, treatment with Phenobarbital, Polychlorinated biphenyl and Progesterone has no significant effect on the kinetics of benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylation although a significant induction of NADPH-Cyt C reductase activity was observed in all the three cases. Again, both Phenobarbital and 3-Methyl cholanthrene induced microsomes exhibit the characteristic reduced metyrapone difference spectra. These findings together with the results obtained with flavone on the metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene by various microsomal preparations suggest a parallel induction of multiple forms of cytochrome P-450 as observed in mammalian liver under identical condition. PMID- 6626212 TI - Cytolethal sensitivity of human lymphoid cells to glucocorticoids and oxidised polyamines. AB - A series of clonally-derived glucocorticoid-sensitive and -resistant human lymphoid cell lines was used to investigate the relationship between sensitivity to the effects of oxidised polyamines and initiation of glucocorticoid-induced cytostatic and cytolethal responses. Whilst the exogenous polyamines were found to exert no effect by themselves, incubation of cells for 48 h with 10(-4)M spermine or spermidine in the presence of serum polyamine oxidase produced severe lethal responses in all clones tested. By contrast 10(-5)M exogenous polyamines in the presence of polyamine oxidase produced lethal effects only in glucocorticoid-sensitive clones. Spermine was more potent than spermidine. The significance of these observations is discussed. PMID- 6626211 TI - Inhibition by hemin of in vitro translocation of chicken liver delta aminolevulinate synthase into mitochondria. AB - The precursor form of chicken liver delta-aminolevulinate synthase was synthesized in a reticulocyte lysate cell-free translation system and then incubated with the homologous liver mitochondria. The precursor enzyme was incorporated into the mitochondria with an attendant processing to the mature enzyme. In this in vitro experimental system, both the transport and processing of the enzyme were significantly inhibited by the addition of hemin as low as about 3 microM. This provides further support to the view, which had been derived from the studies in vivo, that inhibition by hemin of the translocation of delta aminolevulinate synthase into mitochondria could be one of the regulatory mechanisms for heme biosynthesis in the liver cells. PMID- 6626213 TI - On the mechanism of citrate and isocitrate protective action on rat liver mitochondria. AB - Both citrate and isocitrate prevent the damage (efflux of endogenous Mg2+ and pyridine nucleotides, decay of delta psi and release of accumulated Ca2+) induced in rat liver mitochondria by Ca2+ and phosphate fluxes. Addition of fluorocitrate suppresses the action of isocitrate, but not that of citrate. The same results have been obtained with mitochondria isolated from animals treated with fluoroacetate. It is suggested that citrate directly and isocitrate by prior conversion into citrate exert the protective action by chelating and retaining Mg2+ within the mitochondria. PMID- 6626214 TI - Regulation of uteroglobin synthesis and conservation of progesterone and estrogen receptors in immature rabbit uterus during prolonged progesterone treatment. AB - Daily progesterone administration (1.33 mg/kg body weight) to immature rabbits brought about an initial increase in the uterine content of uteroglobin which, however, subsided when progesterone treatment was continued for 10 days. During this treatment period progesterone did not lose its own uterine receptors nor did it lose its inhibitory effect on the accumulation of occupied nuclear estrogen receptors. Since immature rabbits were used, the decrease of uteroglobin concentration cannot be explained by inhibitory effects of endogenous estrogens. The results suggest that termination of uteroglobin secretion may be a selective and inherent effect of progesterone itself. PMID- 6626215 TI - On the mechanism of hepatic glycogenolysis induced by anoxia or cyanide. AB - Addition of glucagon to isolated hepatocytes increased glycogenolysis and phosphorylase a in a proportional manner. KCN caused slightly more glycogenolysis at considerably lower levels of phosphorylase a; the discrepancy was most pronounced after pretreatment of the hepatocytes with EGTA. When incubated with tagatose, the hepatocytes accumulated tagatose 1-phosphate, a presumed inhibitor of phosphorylase a. In these conditions the glucagon-induced glycogenolysis was blocked, but the glycogen loss caused by KCN or anoxia was not affected. Cyanide and anoxia may allow phosphorylase b and a to become equally active, or they may trigger a non-phosphorolytic glycogenolysis. PMID- 6626216 TI - Absolute configuration of a chiral CHD group via neutron diffraction: confirmation of the absolute stereochemistry of the enzymatic formation of malic acid. AB - Neutron diffraction has been used to monitor the absolute stereochemistry of an enzymatic reaction. (-)(2S)malic-3-d acid was prepared by the action of fumarase on fumaric acid in D2O. After a large number of cations were screened, it was found that (+)(R) alpha-phenylethylamine forms the large crystals necessary for a neutron diffraction analysis. The subsequent structure determination showed that (+)(R) alpha-phenylethylammonium (-)(2S)malate-3-d has an absolute configuration of R at the CHD site (i.e., the C3 carbon of malate). This result confirms the absolute stereochemistry of fumarate-to-malate transformation as catalyzed by the enzyme fumarase. PMID- 6626218 TI - Exposure of acetylcholine receptor to the lipid bilayer. AB - All four subunits of the acetylcholine receptor in membrane fragments isolated from T. californica have been labeled with a photolabile hydrophobic probe, [3H]adamantanediazirine, which selectively labels regions of integral membrane proteins in contact with the hydrocarbon core of the lipid bilayer. As all of the homologous subunits are exposed to the lipid bilayer, it is probable that they each interact with the surrounding membrane in a similar fashion. PMID- 6626220 TI - Altered distribution of hexokinase and glucokinase between parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells of rat liver after methapyrilene intoxication. AB - The cell number as well as the hexokinase and glucokinase activity of liver parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells were studied in methapyrilene treated rats. The number of nonparenchymal cells was doubled after treatment with methapyrilene for two weeks while that of hepatocytes remained constant. The hexokinase activity was increased fourfold in the nonparenchymal cell fraction while it was unchanged in the parenchymal cells. The glucokinase activity was decreased in the hepatocytes to one third. Hence, the increased hexokinase activity was due to a proliferation of nonparenchymal cells rather than to a toxic dedifferentiation of hepatocytes. PMID- 6626219 TI - Synthesis of lysosomal alpha-mannosidase in normal and mannosidosis fibroblasts. AB - The biosynthesis and secretion of lysosomal alpha-mannosidase was studied in metabolically labelled fibroblasts from controls and two patients with mannosidosis. Normal fibroblasts secrete alpha-mannosidase as a 110kDa polypeptide. Intracellularly alpha-mannosidase is represented by several polypeptides with apparent Mrs ranging from 40 to 67kDa. In two mannosidosis cell lines none of intra- and extracellular polypeptides of alpha-mannosidase were detectable. The mannosidosis fibroblasts secreted acid alpha-mannosidase activity at one third of the normal rate. In contrast to normal cells the secretion was not enhanced by NH4C1 and the secreted activity was not immunoprecipitable, indicating that the acid alpha-mannosidase activity secreted by mannosidosis fibroblasts is not related to the lysosomal alpha-mannosidase. PMID- 6626217 TI - Dependence on cations for the binding activity of lectins as determined by affinity electrophoresis. AB - The metal ion content of eighteen different lectins was determined. The lectins were demetallized and the binding activity of native and demetallized forms were investigated using non-denaturing polyacrylamide affinity gel electrophoresis. The binding activities of all lectins were dependent on their metal ion content; when the cations were removed the lectins lost their carbohydrate binding activity. There was a marked difference in the strength with which lectins bind divalent cations. PMID- 6626221 TI - Difference in hydrophobicity between mitochondria-bindable and non-bindable forms of hexokinase purified from rat brain. AB - Hexokinase able to bind to mitochondria was purified to homogeneity from rat brain by two successive DEAE-cellulose chromatographic steps. The enzyme lost only the binding ability with almost undetectable change in molecular weight on mild chymotrypsin digestion. The bindable hexokinase was adsorbed to a Phenyl Sepharose column and eluted with a Lubrol PX gradient, whereas non-bindable hexokinase and yeast hexokinase were not adsorbed under the similar conditions. These results suggest that mitochondria-bindable hexokinase has a hydrophobic region on its surface, which is responsible for the specific interaction with mitochondria. PMID- 6626222 TI - Increased phospholipid synthesis in the stimulated rat and human pancreas. AB - Stimulation of the exocrine pancreas is associated with marked changes in pancreatic phospholipid metabolism. It has been previously established that de novo synthesis of phospholipids constitutes part of this "phospholipid effect". This study has demonstrated that in vitro stimulation of the rat pancreas utilising bethanecol and pancreozymin results in increased incorporation of labelled glucose into phosphatidyl inositol and, to a lesser extent, other phospholipids, suggesting increased de novo synthesis of these compounds. However, secretin which is believed to act via a different intracellular pathway, did not exert such an effect. The relevance of this animal model is indicated by the demonstration of increased incorporation of labelled glucose into phospholipids of human pancreas stimulated in vitro by bethanecol or sincalide (the active carboxy terminal octapeptide of pancreozymin). PMID- 6626223 TI - Tetanus toxin blocks Ca spikes in neuroblastoma clone N1E-115 cells. AB - The effect of tetanus toxin on the Ca spike of the action potential evoked in neuroblastoma clone N1E-115 cells by constant current stimulation in Na+-free medium containing various concentrations of Ca2+(1.8-80 mM) was examined by intracellular recordings. Tetanus toxin (more than 140 ng/ml) blocked the Ca spikes. The resting membrane potentials and membrane input resistances of tetanus toxin-treated cells were similar to those of untreated cells. The blocking effect of tetanus toxin was evident in medium containing Ca2+ at concentrations of more than 30 mM. The difference between the peak levels of the action potentials of toxin-treated and untreated cells was statistically significant at Ca2+ concentrations of 7.2 mM and more. PMID- 6626224 TI - Purification and structural studies of rabbit erythrocyte cytochrome b5. AB - A single form of cytochrome b5 has been isolated in highly purified form from the cytosolic fraction of rabbit erythrocytes by sequential chromatography on DE-52 cellulose, Sephadex G-75, and DEAE-Sephadex A50. The cytochrome is structurally similar to the N-terminal, heme-binding domain of rabbit liver microsomal cytochrome b5. Like the liver protein, it is blocked at the amino terminus. Its amino acid composition is similar to that of residues 1-97 of the microsomal protein. With one exception, tryptic peptides derived from apo-cytochrome b5 of rabbit erythrocytes co-elute with the tryptic peptides obtained from a soluble hemepeptide fragment of microsomal cytochrome b5. These findings, together with amino acid sequence analysis of the carboxyl terminal tryptic peptides, identify the erythrocyte cytochrome b5 as a 97-residue peptide. PMID- 6626225 TI - The glycoprotein nature of solubilized muscarinic acetylcholine receptors from bovine cerebral cortex. AB - Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors were solubilized from bovine cerebral cortex with 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammonio]-1-propane sulfonate. The so-obtained receptors could be precipitated by Wheat Germ (73%), Concanavalin A (55%), Lens Culinaris (36%) and Ricinus Communis (26%), but not by Peanut, Dolichus Biflorus and Ulex Europaeus. On Wheat Germ- and Concanavalin A-affinity chromatography, the solubilized muscarinic receptors were retained on both columns and subsequently eluted with N-acetylglucosamine and alpha-methyl-D-mannoside, respectively. A high concentration (100 micrograms/ml) of Wheat Germ or Concanavalin A did not interfere with Z-[3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding, thereby suggesting that the lectin binding sites are not directly involved in the receptor binding function. These solubilized muscarinic receptors are postulated to contain carbohydrate residues, N-acetyl-glucosamine, mannose and galactose, as glycoprotein. PMID- 6626226 TI - Growth hormone acts at a pretranslational level in hepatocyte cultures. AB - We have examined the effects of ovine growth hormone and recombinant DNA synthesized human growth hormone on hepatocytes maintained in serum free cultures. Both growth hormone preparations augmented or attenuated 3 specific mRNA sequences as revealed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of [35S] methionine labeled products synthesized in vitro in an mRNA dependent rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. The results clearly indicate that growth hormone, free of potential pituitary contaminants, acts directly on hepatocytes at a pretranslational level. PMID- 6626227 TI - Role of singlet oxygen in the degradation of hyaluronic acid. AB - To investigate the effect of singlet oxygen on the molecular properties of hyaluronic acid, the polymer was irradiated in the presence of a dye sensitizer for singlet oxygen. Viscosity and circular dichroism techniques were used to monitor these changes. The relative viscosity of the polymer solution decreased steadily with increasing duration of irradiation, indicating an apparent decrease in molecular weight of hyaluronic acid. Circular dichroism measurements of the irradiated sample, however, did not show any appreciable change in the secondary structure, but do suggest that the generated singlet oxygen changes the tertiary structure and that this change is followed by a minor depolymerization. PMID- 6626228 TI - Amino acid sequence of rat liver thiol proteinase inhibitor. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of rat liver thiol proteinase inhibitor is presented. Its unique 98 residue sequence was derived mostly from analyses of a limited proteolysis product generated during the isolation of the protein with an active papain affinity column and of fragments produced by cleavage at arginyl bonds. The intact protein prepared with a tetrathionate inactivated ficin column has a unique amino-terminal sequence (Ac-Met-Met-Cys-). The inhibitor has no sequence homology with any proteinase inhibitor of known structure. PMID- 6626229 TI - A specific endonuclease which co-purifies with calf thymus terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. AB - An endonuclease which introduces single nicks in superhelical DNA co-purifies with the enzyme, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. This activity is found in all homogeneous preparations of terminal transferase tested, and remains associated with the polymerase activity during additional fractionation methods. Kinetic data suggest that the nuclease and polymerase occupy distinct active sites, although multifunctionality has not been proven. However, the ability of the polymerase to synthesize oligodeoxynucleotide products on endonuclease generated singly-nicked circular duplex DNA may represent an important biological function or signal in lymphoid cells. PMID- 6626230 TI - Separation of dolichol and dolichyl-P in microsomal and lysosomal compartments of hepatocytes. AB - The distribution, labeling and interrelationship of microsomal and lysosomal dolichol and dolichyl-P in rat liver was investigated. After membrane induction with phenobarbital, N-nitrosodiethylamine and diethylhexylphthalate, the amount of microsomal and lysosomal dolichols are modulated independently. Liposomal labeled dolichol injected into the portal vein appears only in lysosomes and even after 8 days is still limited to the lysosomes. After in vivo labeling with [3H]mevalonate, high initial labeling of dolichol and dolichyl-P is present in microsomes and the labeling in microsomes is greater than that in lysosomes even after 8 h. The results demonstrate compartmentalization of the intracellular dolichols in hepatocytes. These lipids may have independent roles at different membrane locations. PMID- 6626231 TI - Locust adipokinetic hormone stimulates lipid mobilization in Manduca sexta. AB - Adipokinetic hormone, a decapeptide isolated from the locust, stimulates mobilization of diacylglycerols from the locust fat body and loading of the lipid transport protein, lipophorin. Injection of the synthetic locust adipokinetic hormone into a sphinx moth, Manduca sexta, causes lipid loading of lipophorin. The lipophorin decreases in density from 1.11 to 1.06 g/ml, and a soluble protein from the hemolymph (apolipophorin III) associates with the lipophorin particle. Administration of intermediate doses of hormone indicates that lipophorin is converted directly to the low density form; no appreciable amounts of intermediate density particles are formed. PMID- 6626232 TI - ADP-ribosylation of nonhistone proteins during the HeLa cell cycle. AB - ADP-ribosylation of nonhistone proteins during the HeLa cell cycle was investigated. Proteins were radiolabeled by incubating interphase nuclei and mitotic cells with the specific precursor, [32P]NAD. Autoradiograms of two dimensional gels of total nuclear nonhistone proteins showed a large number of modified species (more than 140). A complex pattern was also found for interphase chromatin. Nuclear scaffolds showed a simpler pattern of four major groups of modified species, which appeared to be the lamins and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. The labeling pattern for nonhistones of metaphase chromosomes was fundamentally different than with interphase nuclei. Autoradiograms were dominated by the incorporation of label into poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. PMID- 6626233 TI - Calmodulin-NADH semidehydroascorbate oxidoreductase interactions of clathrin coated vesicles. AB - NADH semidehydroascorbate oxidoreductase activity is present in clathrin coated vesicles isolated from rat liver. The activity of the enzyme on the coated vesicles and Golgi apparatus but not that of endoplasmic reticulum is stimulated by calmodulin and is inhibited by three different drugs which are known inhibitors of calmodulin function including trifluoperizine, pimozide and R24571. Extraction of clathrin from the vesicles causes a decrease in activity which can be partially restored when the extracted clathrin is added back. Added calmodulin also restores much of the activity which is lost when the clathrin is removed and the specific activity of added pure calmodulin is similar to that of the crude clathrin on a protein basis. There is a decrease in enzyme activity if coated vesicles or Golgi apparatus are treated with a calcium antagonist (8-[N,N diethylamino]-octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate) (TMB-8). However, the enzyme activity can be recovered to that of the untreated control if calcium (6.0 mM) is added. An additive stimulatory effect on enzyme activity is also observed when both calcium (1.0 mM) and calmodulin (40 micrograms/ml) are present in the vesicles simultaneously. The results show that the NADH-semidehydroascorbate oxidoreductase of coated vesicles and Golgi apparatus have regulatory properties different from those of the microsomal electron transport system. Calmodulin calcium control mediated through the semidehydroascorbate reductase, may be among the components that regulate Golgi apparatus secretion. PMID- 6626235 TI - Characterization of uterine estrogen receptors by size-exclusion and ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - This report presents the first application of ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography in the study of ER from the rabbit uterus. In the presence of sodium molybdate (20 mM), native ER was eluted as a sharp peak at 0.29 M NaCl by a linear salt gradient, but without molybdate, it resolved into 4 major peaks. Molybdate-stabilized ER from the DEAE column, similar to ER from crude cytosol, sedimented at the 6-8S region in low salt and 4S region in high salt linear sucrose gradients, and was excluded from size-exclusion HPLC. In contrast, dissociated ER subunits from DEAE eluates ranged from 3.5 to 4.5S, and showed differences in molecular weights in a size-exclusion column. These results show that the native ER is a large molecule which dissociates into smaller subunits in the absence of molybdate; each of the steroid-bound moieties differs in molecular weight and surface charge from the native molecule. PMID- 6626234 TI - Regulation by glucocorticoids of rat-liver phenylalanine hydroxylase in vivo. AB - Phenylalanine hydroxylase, a liver-associated enzyme, is induced markedly by glucocorticoids in two permanent rat-hepatoma cell lines. In order to gain evidence that this phenomenon also occurs in vivo, we examined the effect of adrenalectomy and/or hormone supplementation on the levels of phenylalanine hydroxylase in the livers of adult rats: glucocorticoid administration increases, and adrenal ablation reduces, the activity of the hepatic enzyme, and the diminution occurring in the latter instance is entirely prevented by concurrent hormone replacement. These results thus corroborate earlier findings from a single experiment and are consistent with the hypothesis that adrenal corticosteroid hormones participate in modulating phenylalanine-hydroxylase levels within the diploid hepatocyte. PMID- 6626236 TI - The site of inhibition of porphyrin biosynthesis by an isomer of diazinon in rats. AB - 2-Isopropyl-6-methyl-4-S-pyrimidinyl diethyl thiophosphate (isodiazinon) has been synthesized by an unambiguous route. Rats treated with isodiazinon over a 100-day period show decreased levels of liver ferrochelatase. Rats treated with diazinon and isodiazinon in combination over the same period show a more marked decrease in liver ferrochelatase activity as well as a decrease in the activity of coproporphyrinogen oxidase. Treatment of rats with stabilised diazinon over the same period is not associated with a decrease in the activity of either enzyme. Neither diazinon nor isodiazinon causes a decrease in the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase or kynurenine hydroxylase, suggesting that the effect is specific to the porphyrin biosynthesis pathway and not due to mitochondrial damage. PMID- 6626237 TI - Studies on gentamicin-induced labilization of rat kidney lysosomes in vitro. Possible protection by selenium. AB - The labilizing effect of gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, on isolated rat kidney lysosomes was investigated. The light-scattering behavior of lysosomal suspensions and the release of lysosomal acid hydrolase enzymes (acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and muramidase) from incubated lysosomal suspensions, in the presence of gentamicin, were used as indices of lysosomal membrane labilization. Gentamicin was found to cause a decrease in light absorbance and a release of lysosomal acid hydrolases, which indicate lysosomal membrane swelling. In the presence of selenium, in the form of potassium selenate, the decrease in light absorbance of lysosomal suspensions and the release of lysosomal acid hydrolases from isolated lysosome particles were reduced markedly. This suggests that selenium protects against gentamicin-induced lysosomal membrane labilization. The possible mechanisms of protection by selenium are discussed. PMID- 6626238 TI - Graphical analysis of competitive binding of comparable concentrations of ligand, inhibitor and protein. Ligand binding to serum albumin. AB - In contrast to analysis for competitive binding in enzyme kinetics, no linear plot for analysing competitive binding of two ligands to a protein, where the concentrations of the three reactants are comparable, seems to exist. In the present communication it is shown that in this situation a linear plot can be obtained by the use of the simple equation VA/VB = KA/KB X [Af]/[Bf], where VA and VB are the average number of moles of ligand A and ligand B bound per mole of protein, respectively; [Af] and [Bf] are the concentrations of free ligand A and free ligand B, respectively; and KA and KB are the corresponding association constants. The plot is commented on both theoretically and experimentally using ligand binding to human serum albumin as an example. PMID- 6626239 TI - Chlorphentermine-induced alterations in pulmonary phospholipid content in rats. AB - Daily, intraperitoneal administration of the anorectic drug chlorphentermine (30 mg/kg) for 5 days to rats significantly increased phosphatidylcholine and total phospholipid content after 1 week and reached a maximal level 4 weeks after treatment in whole lung tissue (unlavaged lungs) and in sessile tissue in which alveolar lipids and macrophages were removed by pulmonary lavage (lavaged lungs). In lavaged lung, a significant rise in the content of sphingomyelin, phosphatidylserine plus phosphatidylinositol component, and phosphatidylethanolamine plus phosphatidylglycerol fraction occurred after 2 weeks, remained at this increased level for 4 weeks, and was followed by a return to control amounts after 5 weeks. In unlavaged lung, the chlorphentermine-induced elevation in sphingomyelin content seen after 1 week persisted at this same significant level even 5 weeks after treatment. Regardless of experimental duration, pulmonary glycogen levels were not altered markedly by chlorphentermine in unlavaged or lavaged tissue. Phenobarbital (30 mg/kg) did not markedly alter pulmonary glycogen and phospholipid component levels. Simultaneous phenobarbital and anorectic drug administration prevented the chlorphentermine-induced rise in total phospholipid, sphingomyelin, and phosphatidylcholine in unlavaged lung without a change in glycogen. A 7-day withdrawal from chlorphentermine treatment in rats previously injected with drug for 2 weeks resulted in a return to control in the levels of sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, and total phospholipid in unlavaged lung. Extension of withdrawal from treatment for 2 weeks produced a significant decrease in all phospholipid components below control values, suggesting that a possible imbalance in synthetic and catabolic activity may persist after drug removal. The concentration of lung glycogen was not altered significantly by chlorphentermine treatment or withdrawal from drug administration. Our results indicate that the chlorphentermine-induced rise in phospholipid components was time-dependent in lavaged and unlavaged lungs, and the increase in phosphatidylcholine occurred independently of a change in glycogen. In addition, the present study shows that the chlorphentermine-induced changes in phospholipid levels are reversible and almost completely prevented by phenobarbital. PMID- 6626240 TI - Differences in the biochemical properties of aldrin epoxidase, a cytochrome P-450 dependent monooxygenase, in various tissues. AB - Aldrin epoxidase, a cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase, was studied in the lung and kidney of male rats. The sensitivity of the liver enzyme activity to different chemicals in vitro was influenced by the treatment of the animals with phenobarbital or methylcholanthrene. These results confirm that more than one form of cytochrome P-450 supports aldrin epoxidase in the liver. The lung and kidney aldrin epoxidase activity was not modified by the administration of chemical inducers to the rats. In vitro, the lung and kidney aldrin epoxidase activities were activated by tetrahydrofurane and progesterone, respectively. The results obtained from the lung and kidney indicate that one single species of cytochrome P-450, associated with aldrin epoxidase, exists in these organs, but it may be a different type, or regulated in a different manner in these tissues. PMID- 6626241 TI - Inhibition of some spontaneous secretory processes in macrophages and fibroblasts by ammonium chloride. AB - Ammonium chloride inhibits the spontaneous secretion of lysozyme by mouse macrophages and the murine macrophage-like cell line P388D1 and the spontaneous secretion of lysosomal enzymes by P388D1 cells, normal human fibroblasts and the hypersecretory mucolipidosis II (I-cell) fibroblasts. NH4Cl can also inhibit protein synthesis, but this is shown to occur mainly at higher concentrations, or after longer periods of exposure, than are needed for the inhibition of the spontaneous secretory processes. It is confirmed that this amine can also interfere with the continuous endocytosis of fluid in the murine cell types. The nature of the inhibitions is discussed. PMID- 6626242 TI - Effects of verapamil and manganese on the vasoconstrictor responses to noradrenaline, serotonin and potassium in human and goat cerebral arteries. AB - The effects of verapamil and manganese (Mn2+) on the noradrenaline (NA), serotonin (5-HT) and potassium (K+)-induced contractions were studied in human and goat cerebral arteries. Verapamil and Mn2+ relaxed both kinds of cerebral vessels previously contracted with 10(-5) M NA, 10(-5) M 5-HT and 75 mM K+. The ID50 (50% inhibition of maximum contraction) was around 10(-7) M for the organic antagonist and 10(-3) M for the inorganic one. The ID50 for the Ca2+ antagonists in K+-induced contractions was smaller than that for NA and 5-HT-evoked contractions. Preincubation of segments with verapamil (10(-6) M) or Mn2+ (2 X 10(-3) or 5 X 10(-3) M) caused inhibition of the contractions evoked by the three agents that was greater in the case of K+. The inhibitory effects of verapamil were reversed by adding Ca2+ to the bath. The removal of Ca2+ from the extracellular medium reduced the contractions elicited by the three vasoconstrictor agents in both cerebral blood vessels. This reduction was greater for K+ than for the other two. These results indicate that both cerebral vessels are very susceptible to Ca2+ omission and to Ca2+ entry blockers such as verapamil and Mn2+, which could be of interest to treat cerebral vasospasm. PMID- 6626243 TI - Heterogeneity of rat hepatocytes in transport and hepatic binding of asialoalkaline phosphatase studied after induction of selective acinar damage by N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene and carbon tetrachloride. AB - In order to investigate rat hepatocyte heterogeneity in asialoglycoprotein transport, rats were pretreated with N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-OH-AAF, 90 mumol/kg, i.v.) to damage zone 1 hepatocytes, or with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4, 2.1 mmole/kg, p.o.) to damage zone 3 hepatocytes. Twenty-four hours after pretreatment, the asialoglycoprotein dog intestinal alkaline phosphatase (As ALPase) was injected and plasma disappearance and biliary excretion were measured. In addition, the acinar distribution of the hepatic binding of As ALPase 10 min after injection in vivo, or after incubation of fixed liver sections with As-ALPase in vitro, was determined by enzyme histochemistry. In control rats, a rapid biexponential plasma disappearance was observed and 6.4 +/- 1.5% of the dose was excreted into bile after 60 min. Hepatocyte binding occurred predominantly in zone 3, both after administration in vivo and after incubation with liver sections in vitro. In rats with zone 1 liver damage, both the half lives of the first and of the second phase were strongly increased, but biliary excretion did not change significantly. Both in vivo and in vitro the relatively weak binding of As-ALPase in zone 1 of the liver was abolished, whereas binding to zone 3 cells was normal or only slightly decreased. After CCl4-pretreatment histochemically detectable binding to zone 3 cells was completely abolished, leaving only the relatively weak binding in zone 1. Unexpectedly, a normal plasma disappearance and biliary excretion rate were found in these rats. The discrepancy between the pharmacokinetic results, which point to a predominant involvement of zone 1 cells in As-ALPase transport, and the enzyme histochemical studies, which show preferential binding of As-ALPase in zone 3, is discussed. PMID- 6626244 TI - Immune responses to chlorpromazine in rats. Detection and relation to hepatotoxicity. AB - It has frequently been suggested that the jaundice which occurs in a small percentage of human patients following treatment with chlorpromazine is due to a hypersensitivity reaction. It has, however, proved impossible to obtain an animal model for this condition. We now show that oral administration of chlorpromazine at 25 mg/kg per day to Wistar albino rats results in formation of both humoral and secretory antibodies to chlorpromazine. We also demonstrate that the severity of the hepatic changes observed in chlorpromazine-fed animals (periportal glycogen loss and centrilobular fatty change) is enhanced by preimmunization of the rats via the gut-associated lymphoid tissue with a chlorpramizine-protein conjugate. There was, however, no correlation between the titre of either serum or biliary antibodies in individual animals and the degree of liver damage. Our results therefore suggest than an immune mechanism is indeed implicated in chlorpromazine toxicity but show clearly that toxic symptoms are not a simple consequence of the formation of anti-chlorpromazine antibodies. PMID- 6626245 TI - Nature of Na+-independent stimulation of renal transport of p-aminohippurate by exogenous metabolites. AB - The relationship between p-aminohippurate (PAH) and Na+ transport in rabbit kidney cortical slices was examined under optimal metabolic conditions. Addition of lactate, pyruvate and acetate to the incubation medium stimulated PAH transport and accumulation, but had no effect on active Na+ efflux from the slices. Conversely, small concentration of F-, in the presence of acetate, decreased PAH transport and accumulation, but had no effect on Na+ efflux. These observations constitute evidence that, in addition to Na+ cotransport [M. I. Sheikh and J. V. Moller Biochem. J. 208, 243 (1982)], PAH uptake is metabolically stimulated by a Na+-independent pathway. This could occur either by a direct metabolic effect on the PAH carrier, or by exchange with intracellular anions that are generated in the presence of exogenous substrate. In support of the latter possibility the PAH carrier is demonstrated to function as an anion exchanger of PAH and fumurate after preloading of the slices with fumurate under anaerobic conditions. PMID- 6626246 TI - Effect of heavy metals on human rheumatoid synovial cell proliferation and collagen synthesis. AB - The dose-dependent effects of heavy metals on cell proliferation, collagen synthesis, and non-collagen protein synthesis were studied in early passage cultures of human synovial cells exposed to 1-100 microM concentration of gold, silver, mercury, cadmium or lead for 5 days. The incorporation of [3H]thymidine into trichloroacetic acid insoluble material was inhibited 50% by each of the heavy metals at concentrations between 1 and 10 microM. Gold, lead and mercury (10 microM) decreased the DNA content of the cultures by less than 15%; silver (10 microM) and cadmium (10 microM) resulted in decreased DNA content, which was attributed to cytotoxicity. A dose-dependent inhibition of [3H]proline incorporation into bacterial collagenase resistant (non-collagen) protein was observed after incubation with 10 microM mercury, lead and silver. During incubations with 10 microM gold and cadmium, collagenase resistant protein accumulation increased. All the heavy metals except for gold inhibited collagen accumulation to a greater extent than non-collagen protein accumulation. Gold (10 microM) stimulated the amount of collagen produced per cell, and the percentage of collagen to total protein was increased 50%. The rate of collagen accumulation in medium decreased during incubation with 10 microM silver, mercury, cadmium and lead. The stimulation of collagen synthesis may be a unique property of gold related to the therapeutic indices of gold, compared to other heavy metals, in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6626247 TI - Hypolipidemia and peroxisome proliferation induced by phenoxyacetic acid herbicides in rats. AB - Male Wistar rats were treated daily by gavage with two phenoxy herbicides, 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)(100-200 mg/kg body wt) and 4-chloro-2 methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) (100-200 mg/kg body wt), and with the chemically different glyphosate N-phosphonomethyl glycine (300 mg/kg body wt) 5 days per week for 2 weeks. A hypolipidemic drug, clofibrate [ethyl-2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2 methylpropionate], which is structurally related to phenoxy acids, was used as a positive control (200 mg/kg body wt). 2,4-D and MCPA had several effects similar to those of clofibrate: all three compounds induced proliferation of hepatic peroxisomes, decreased serum lipid levels, and increased hepatic carnitine acetyltransferase and catalase activities. 2,4-D and MCPA, but not clofibrate, decreased lipoprotein lipase activity in the adipose tissue to about a third of the control value but did not change the lipoprotein lipase activity in the heart muscle. The data suggest that these compounds cause hypolipidemia not by enhancing the storage of peripheral lipids in adipose tissue but by preferentially increasing lipid utilization in the liver. Glyphosate caused no peroxisome proliferation or hypolipidemia, suggesting that these effects are associated with the structural similarity between phenoxy acid herbicides and clofibrate. PMID- 6626248 TI - Dog liver N-methyltransferase. A drug-metabolizing enzyme. AB - A non-specific N-methyltransferase was demonstrated in dog liver. This enzyme is different from other N-methylating systems, especially in terms of substrate and species specificity. The enzyme catalyzes the methylation of a variety of endogenous and exogenous amines; of the compounds studied, SK&F 64139 (7,8 dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline) was found to be the best substrate. The enzyme utilized S-adenosylmethionine but not 5-methyltetrahydrofolate as a methyl donor, and it had a pH optimum at 8.0. Study of SK&F 64139 with the partially purified enzyme indicated that this dog liver N-methyltransferase had very low Km and high Vmax values for SK&F 64139. Methylation of SK&F 64139 was not observed with the monkey or rat liver enzyme preparation. This finding is in accordance with the fact that SK&F 64139 is methylated extensively in the dog, but not in other species. The ability of this enzyme to methylate a number of arylalkylamines suggests its possible importance in drug biotransformation. PMID- 6626249 TI - Drug-protein conjugates--V. Sex-linked differences in the metabolism and irreversible binding of 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol in the rat. AB - Sex-linked differences in the disposition, biotransformation, excretion and irreversible binding of [6, 7-3H]17 alpha-ethinylestradiol [( 3H]EE2) in Wistar rats have been observed. Three hours after i.v. administration of [3H]EE2 (5 micrograms/kg) the livers of males contained twice as much 3H-labelled material as those of females. The biliary metabolites were largely glucuronides in both sexes, but males also excreted arylsulphates. The principal metabolites liberated from biliary conjugates by enzymes were 2-hydroxyEE2 and 2-methoxyEE2 in females and males, respectively. Biliary elimination of 3H over 3 hr was slightly greater in males (P less than 0.05). Radiolabelled material was irreversibly bound to hepatic microsomal and soluble protein. The material bound to microsomes represented 0.24 +/- 0.07% (mean +/- S.D.) of the dose in males and 0.56 +/- 0.10% in females (P less than 0.001). Oxygenation of the steroid D-ring was not indicated, and 2-hydroxyEE2 appears to be the precursor of the reactive metabolite. The metabolic basis of the sex-linked difference in irreversible binding is discussed. PMID- 6626250 TI - Experimental and computer graphics simulation analyses of the DNA interaction of 1,8-bis-(2-diethylaminoethylamino)-anthracene-9,10-dione, a compound modelled on doxorubicin. AB - The crystal structure of the anthraquinone derivative 1,8-bis-(2 diethylaminoethylamino)-anthracene-9,10-dione has been established. This compound was prepared as a potential DNA-intercalating agent based on the proven intercalators doxorubicin and mitoxantrone. Its DNA-binding properties have been examined experimentally by spectroscopic, thermal denaturation and ccc-DNA unwinding techniques: the results are consistent with an intercalative mode of binding to DNA. Computer graphics stimulation of the intercalative docking of this compound into the self-complementary dimer of d(CpG) has provided a minimum energy geometrical arrangement for the bound drug in the intercalation site comparable to that for proflavine when intercalated into the same d(CpG) model system. Entry of the compound into the site can only occur via the major groove. PMID- 6626251 TI - Induction of mouse liver glutathione S-transferase by ethanol. AB - The induction of hepatic glutathione S-transferase by ethanol was investigated in male Swiss-Webster mice using a liquid diet. After a 7-day feeding period, mice that received 18, 27 or 36% of their calories as ethanol exhibited significant increases in the specific activity of glutathione S-transferase when 1,2-dichloro 4-nitrobenzene (DCNB), p-nitrobenzylchloride (NBC) and 1,2-epoxy-3-(p nitrophenoxy)propane (ENP) were used as substrates. The observed increases in activity appeared to be related to the concentration of ethanol in the diet. Thus, mice fed a diet with 36% of the calories as ethanol exhibited the greatest increase in specific activity (DCNB, 75%; NBC, 60%, ENP, 34%). Pair-fed mice demonstrated similar changes in enzymatic activity. A time-course study indicated a 4-day feeding period was not sufficient to elicit significant induction, but a significant increase was apparent by day 7. This increase was maintained or increased through day 14. By comparison, 0.5 mg of phenobarbital/ml of diet produced a greater increase in enzymatic activity (DCNB, 449%; NBC, 227%; ENP, 219%). These results suggest that ethanol does induce glutathione S-transferase, but it is a relatively poor inducer of this enzyme. PMID- 6626252 TI - The different inhibitory effects of phenylbutazone on soluble and particle stimulation of human neutrophil oxidative burst. PMID- 6626254 TI - Uptake and metabolism of doxorubicin in isolated perfused rat lung. PMID- 6626253 TI - Ethanol-induced alterations in rat hepatic ammonia metabolism. PMID- 6626255 TI - Inhibition of gentamicin uptake into rat renal cortex by aminoglycoside antibiotics in vitro. PMID- 6626256 TI - Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and cholinesterase by ellipticine derivatives. PMID- 6626257 TI - Protective effect of timolol as assessed by energy charge during myocardial ischaemia. PMID- 6626258 TI - Effect of steroid hormone treatment on aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in the Syrian hamster kidney. AB - Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity was determined in castrate and intact male Syrian hamster kidney and liver microsomes following in vivo treatment with either diethylstilbestrol (DES) or 17 beta-estradiol as well as other steroid hormones. After 1 month of estrogen treatment, there was a 5-fold decline in AHH activity in castrated hamster kidneys compared with untreated castrate levels. The amount of AHH activity in the kidney was depressed more than 75% of untreated castrate levels even after the estrogen had been withdrawn for 6 days. Consistent with a nearly 2.5-fold higher renal AHH activity observed in intact male hamsters compared to castrates was the finding of a 1.7-fold elevation in the activity of this enzyme after treatment of castrated animals with androgen[5 alpha dihydrotestosterone (5 alpha-DHT)] for 1 month. Moreover, following withdrawal of estrogen from intact hamsters, the increase in AHH activity in the kidney essentially paralleled the rise in serum testosterone levels. In castrated animals, the depression of AHH activity by estrogen was partially reversed by concomitant 5 alpha-DHT treatment. However, no appreciable changes were seen in liver AHH activity with androgen treatment in the presence or absence of estrogen. Similarly, the level of AHH activity, which was nearly 7- and 14-fold higher than intact and castrate kidney levels, respectively, was not altered by estrogen treatment. Neither progesterone nor cortisone had any effect on the levels of AHH activity in either the kidney or liver. Therefore, AHH activity in the male hamster kidney, but not the liver, is responsive to both estrogens and androgenic hormone. PMID- 6626259 TI - Differential interactions of phencyclidine with tetrabenazine and reserpine affecting intraneuronal dopamine. AB - This study has examined the effects on synaptosomal (P2) dopamine of interactions of phencyclidine and some other stimulants with tetrabenazine and reserpine. Tetrabenazine and reserpine both enhanced the spontaneous synaptosomal release of [14C]dopamine and inhibited its formation from [14C]phenylalanine. The [14C]dopamine formation increases induced by phencyclidine and amfonelic acid, however, were affected differentially by coadditions of tetrabenazine and reserpine. At the lower concentrations, tetrabenazine either did not affect or augmented the dopamine formation enhancements by the stimulants. Reserpine at all levels blocked the synthesis enhancements and revealed inhibitory effects of phencyclidine and amfonelic acid upon dopamine formation; only at the highest concentration did the action of tetrabenazine mimick that of reserpine. Amphetamine stimulation of dopamine formation was affected by tetrabenazine and reserpine alike; the stimulation was either maintained or enhanced. Ketamine did not affect dopamine formation either by itself, with tetrabenazine, or with reserpine. In summary, tetrabenazine and reserpine affected synaptosomal dopamine formation and release in a comparable manner, but intraneuronal dopaminergic actions of phencyclidine and also of amfonelic acid may be influenced differentially by these two releasing agents. PMID- 6626260 TI - Pharmacology of high-affinity binding of [3H](+/-)2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4 tetrahydronaphthalene (ADTN) to bovine caudate nucleus tissue. AB - High-affinity binding of [3H](+/-)2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4 tetrahydronaphthalene [( 3H]-ADTN) was improved by use of a subcellular fraction (P4) of tissue obtained from calf brain. The highest concentration of binding sites was found in caudate nucleus which was evaluated extensively. Binding of 0.5 nM [3H]-ADTN was optimal at 25 degrees and pH 7.5 to 8.0 when a cation-free medium containing antioxidants was used and was 82-87% displaceable ("specific"). The T1/2 for association was 20 min, and for dissociation 38 min, under these conditions. Analysis of association-dissociation kinetics and of ligand saturation isotherms revealed an apparent affinity (Kd) of 1-2 nM and a binding maximum (Bmax) of 422 fmoles/mg protein. The process proved to be reversible by, and monophasically competitive with, several potent dopamine agonists, with Hill constants close to unity. Stereoselectivity was found with eight isomer-pairs. Binding of [3H]-ADTN was selective for 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamines and 10,11 dihydroxyaporphines with potent dopamine-agonist actions, but not for adrenergic catecholamines or other catechols, or blockers of dopamine uptake. Dopamine antagonists competed more weakly and in poor correspondence with their in vivo activities. There was a close correspondence between IC50 values obtained for fifty of the agents tested with both [3H]-ADTN and [3H]-(-)apomorphine (r and slope greater than 0.9), supporting impressions of the structure-activity characteristics of dopamine agonist binding sites based on prior studies with [3H]-apomorphine. PMID- 6626261 TI - Effects of physiologic concentrations of lactate, pyruvate and ascorbate on glucose metabolism in unstressed and oxidatively stressed human red blood cells. AB - Glucose metabolism was studied in human red blood cells incubated in the presence of physiologic concentrations of ascorbate (0.1 mM) and/or lactate (2 mM) plus pyruvate (0.1 mM). The total flux through glycolysis, as measured by 14C-labeling of glycolytic intermediates, was increased about 15% by ascorbate, 30% by lactate plus pyruvate, and 40% by ascorbate plus lactate plus pyruvate. We found, however, that physiologic concentrations of ascorbate and/or lactate plus pyruvate had no effect on flux of glucose or recycling of pentoses through the hexose monophosphate shunt. Increased formation of lactate accounted for most of the observed increase in glycolysis with little change in pyruvate formation, indicating that the increased flux of reducing equivalents from glucose was stored as lactate rather than being consumed by red cell metabolism. In all experiments, there was a net increase with time in the absolute amount of both lactate and pyruvate in red cell suspensions, indicating that lactate or pyruvate present at zero time did not function as a stoichiometric source or sink for reducing equivalents. There was little effect on steady-state levels of ATP or 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. Equilibration of ascorbate between red cells and the medium was complete before the addition of 14C-labeled glucose to the medium. Glucose metabolism prevented net oxidation of ascorbate in the incubation medium. Physiologic concentrations of ascorbate, lactate and pyruvate appear to increase flux through glycolysis by increasing the turnover of ATP and/or 2,3 diphosphoglycerate. Red cells were exposed to mild oxidative stress by incubation with 0.27 mM 6-hydroxydopamine, 0.27 mM 6-aminodopamine, 0.13 mM 1,4 naphthoquinone-2-sulfonic acid or 0.27 mM phenylhydrazine. The metabolic response to oxidative stress was determined by measuring the formation of methemoglobin, pyruvate, lactate and CO2 in the presence and absence of physiologic concentrations of lactate, pyruvate and ascorbate. Lactate, pyruvate and ascorbate had no effect on the net methemoglobin accumulation but rather on the distribution of the metabolic sources of reducing equivalents and on the flux of reducing equivalents to oxygen. Physiologic lactate and pyruvate allowed increased flow of reducing equivalents from glycolysis to methemoglobin and ultimately oxygen without the necessity of increased flux through glycolysis. This was accomplished by a decrease in the ratio of newly formed lactate to newly formed pyruvate with no increase in total lactate plus pyruvate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6626262 TI - Binding of clometacin to human serum albumin. Interactions with clofibrate, indomethacin, salicylic acid and warfarin. AB - The binding of clometacin to human serum albumin (HSA) was studied in vitro by equilibrium dialysis. Our results show that binding to HSA is 99% at therapeutic levels. Binding is characterized by several numbers of binding sites (n = 8) with a moderate association constant (K = 2.7 X 10(4) M-1) and by another non saturable phenomenon (nK = 4200 M-1). Moreover, interactions were studied with many drugs. Clometacin binding was altered by indomethacin, warfarin, chlorophenoxyisobutyrate (CPIB) and salicylic acid (SA). Conversely, clometacin inhibited the binding of these drugs. Finally, all these results were compared with those previously obtained with indomethacin, a positional isomer of clometacin. PMID- 6626263 TI - Methionine synthesis from 5'-methylthioadenosine by tumour cells. AB - Incubation of cytosolic fractions of some tumour and normal cell lines with 5' methylthioadenosine (5'-MTA) resulted in the formation of methionine. Methionine formation only occurred in those cell lines possessing 5'-MTA phosphorylase. The kinetics of product formation indicated that 5'-MTA was first rapidly converted into 5-methylthioribose-1-phosphate, followed by its slower conversion into methionine. Methionine synthesis from 5'-MTA was increased in cells previously incubated in methionine-depleted medium supplemented with 0.1 mM L-homocysteine for 24 hr. For most cell lines methionine synthesis from 5'-MTA was linear for only a short time period, and was followed by a first order decrease in the rate of methionine synthesis. Methionine synthesized from 5'-MTA was extensively incorporated into cellular macromolecules suggesting that 5'-MTA may substitute for methionine as a one-carbon source. This was confirmed by growth experiments which showed that low concentrations of 5'-MTA could partially substitute for methionine for some, but not all, cell lines. Higher concentrations of 5'-MTA were growth inhibitory. It may be possible to use 5'-MTA to selectively 'rescue' cells from methionine deprivation produced by the enzyme L-methioninase. PMID- 6626264 TI - Metabolism of clomiphene in the rat. Estrogen receptor affinity and antiestrogenic activity of clomiphene metabolites. AB - Incubation of the nonsteroidal antiestrogen clomiphene with rat liver microsomes resulted in the formation of the 4-hydroxy-, N-desethyl-, and N-oxide metabolites, in qualitative contrast to results previously obtained analogously with rabbit microsomes, with which only the first two metabolites were detected. Metabolites were characterized by thin-layer chromatography in comparison with synthetic standards. They were similarly compared using low resolution electron ionization mass spectrometry, except for the N-oxide which was best characterized by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. Oral administration of clomiphene resulted in no detectable urinary elimination of the drug or its metabolites; 4 hydroxyclomiphene was the sole detectable elimination product in fecal extracts. The relative uterine cytosol estrogen receptor binding affinities, at 4 degrees, of 4-hydroxyclomiphene and the E-isomers of clomiphene, desethylclomiphene, and clomiphene N-oxide were, in turn, 331, 0.71, 0.62, and 0.88 (estradiol = 100). In the 3-day immature rat uterotropic assay, 4-hydroxyclomiphene had no significant uterotropic effect at doses up to 50 micrograms/day, but substantially inhibited that of estradiol (0.5 micrograms/day) at doses of 2 micrograms/day. PMID- 6626265 TI - Accelerated development of riboflavin deficiency by treatment with chlorpromazine. AB - The present study was undertaken to determine whether treatment with chlorpromazine accelerates the depletion of tissue stores of flavin adenine dinucleotide during dietary riboflavin deficiency. These investigations derived their impetus from earlier findings that low doses of chlorpromazine in rats fed abundant riboflavin increase urinary riboflavin excretion and reduce hepatic flavin stores. From 6 to 10 days after beginning to feed on a riboflavin deficient diet, rats treated with chlorpromazine, 2 mg/kg body weight twice daily, had approximately twice the urinary riboflavin excretion of that of pair fed saline-treated controls. When the riboflavin-deficient diets and chlorpromazine treatments were extended for 3 weeks and the animals killed, FAD levels in liver, kidney, and heart were markedly lower in drug-treated than in saline-treated animals. When studies were extended for 7 weeks, tissue FAD levels in saline-treated animals declined further and were equal to those of chlorpromazine-treated rats after only 3 weeks of dietary deficiency. Thus, chlorpromazine treatment accelerated urinary riboflavin loss and accelerated tissue depletion of FAD levels during dietary riboflavin deficiency. Brain levels of FAD by contrast were relatively resistant to both dietary riboflavin withdrawal and treatment with chlorpromazine. Subsequent studies showed that urinary riboflavin excretion began to increase within 6 hr of treatment with chlorpromazine. It is concluded that significant riboflavin depletion occurs following treatment with low doses of chlorpromazine, both in animals fed a normal diet and in animals fed a riboflavin-deficient diet, particularly during the early stages of deficiency. PMID- 6626266 TI - Effects of chloroquine on lysosomal enzymes, NADPH-induced lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzymes of rat retina. AB - Chloroquine (1, 5 and 10 mg/kg), given in acute and in chronic (7 and 15 days) treatment schedules, caused characteristic alterations in the lysosomal enzyme system, antioxidant enzymes, NADPH-induced lipid peroxidation, and glutathione content in the retina of the rat. One-half hour and four hours after chloroquine administration, increased free activities of lysosomal enzymes and NADPH-induced lipid peroxidation were observed, associated with a decrease in tissue glutathione content. In contrast to the acute effect, chloroquine, given in 7- and 15-day treatment schedules, had no significant effect on the lysosomal enzyme system, while at the same time a normalization or a decrease in NADPH-induced lipid peroxidation, associated with a significant increase in tissue glutathione content, was noted. Catalase and peroxidase activities were decreased after both the acute and the daily treatment schedules. Superoxide dismutase activity, although increased in the high dose acute study, appeared otherwise little affected by chloroquine treatment. PMID- 6626267 TI - Turnover of specific [3H]spiperone and [3H]N,n-propylnorapomorphine binding sites in rat striatum following phenoxybenzamine administration. AB - Inclusion of phenoxybenzamine into incubates containing rat striatal preparations equipotently displaced specific striatal [3H]spiperone and [3H]NPA binding. Pre incubation of striatal membranes with phenoxybenzamine followed by extensive washing equipotently inhibited the subsequent specific [3H]spiperone or [3H]NPA binding. In both displacement and pre-incubation experiments phenoxybenzamine caused complete inhibition of specific [3H]spiperone binding to rat striatal membranes, but only partially inhibited specific [3H]NPA binding. Following parenteral administration to rats, phenoxybenzamine caused a marked inhibition of ex vivo specific [3H]spiperone binding in striatal tissue preparations from these animals which lasted approximately 24 hr following in vivo drug administration. In contrast, administration of phenoxybenzamine caused only a transient change in ex vivo specific [3H]NPA binding. Phenoxybenzamine causes irreversible inhibition of [3H]spiperone and [3H]NPA binding in vitro. In vivo administration of phenoxybenzamine discriminates between [3H]spiperone and [3H]NPA in ex vivo studies suggesting that these binding sites have different turnover rates. PMID- 6626268 TI - Antimuscarinic activity of aprophen. PMID- 6626269 TI - Developmental differences in basal and induced aryl hydrocarbon (benzo[a]pyrene) hydroxylase activity in chick embryo liver and lung in ovo. PMID- 6626270 TI - Mediation by the corticostriatal input of the in vivo increase in rat striatal acetylcholine content induced by 2-chloroadenosine. PMID- 6626271 TI - Microwave effects on immobilized peroxidase chemiluminescence. AB - Protein gels formed by crosslinking bovine serum albumin and horseradish peroxidase with glutaraldehyde were used to measure effects on peroxidase activity of 400-MHz (CW) radiofrequency radiation (RFR) at an average specific absorption rate (SAR) of 1.45 W/kg. The enzyme activity was measured by luminol chemiluminescence recorded on photographic film after hydrogen peroxide activation. Activity was measured during RFR exposure of gels or after exposure of gels polymerized in the RFR field. During exposure, a significant (P less than .05) reversible increase occurred in overall mean peroxidase activity of gels activated with 0.88 M H2O2 but not in those activated with 8.8 M H2O2. Gels containing solubilized luminol and formed in the field showed no overall mean increase in peroxidase activity, but did display a highly significant (P less than .001) alteration in the distribution of local activities when compared to unexposed gels. These results are apparently due to changes in the rate of diffusion (concentration equilibration) of hydrogen peroxide in the gel. PMID- 6626272 TI - Psychoactive-drug response is affected by acute low-level microwave irradiation. AB - The effects of various psychoactive drugs were studied in rats exposed for 45 min in a circularly polarized, pulsed microwave field (2450 MHz; SAR 0.6 W/kg; 2 microseconds pulses, 500 pps). Apomorphine-induced hypothermia and stereotypy were enhanced by irradiation. Amphetamine-induced hyperthermia was attenuated while stereotypy was unaffected. Morphine-induced catalepsy and lethality were enhanced by irradiation at certain dosages of the drug. Since these drugs have different modes of action on central neural mechanisms and the effects of microwaves depend on the particular drug studied, these results show the complex nature of the effect of microwave irradiation on brain functions. PMID- 6626273 TI - Behavioral detection of 60-Hz electric fields by rats. AB - Rats partially deprived of food were trained individually to press a lever in the presence of a vertical, 60-Hz electric field and not to press in its absence. Correct detections that occurred during brief, 3- or 4-s trials occasionally produced a food pellet. The probability of detecting the field was found to increase as field strength increased. The threshold of detection, ie, the field strength required for detections at a probability of 0.5 after correction for errors, was generally between 4 and 10 kV/m. The range of field strengths between almost zero and almost 100% correctness of detection was approximately 8 kV/m. A logistic function provided a good description of the increase in the detection probability with increasing field strength. These performances occurred reliably in 19 rats, some of which were studied for 2 years. Control procedures showed that the behavior required that the rat be in the electric field; the behavior was not controlled by any of several potentially confounding variables. PMID- 6626274 TI - Teratogenicity of 27.12-MHz radiation in rats is related to duration of hyperthermic exposure. AB - Five groups of pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were either sham exposed or were irradiated in a 27.12-MHz radiofrequency (RF) field at 55 A/m and 300 V/m on gestation day 9. The absorbed power (approximately 11 W/kg) caused a relatively rapid increase in the rat's colonic temperature. Rats in group I were sham irradiated for 2.5 h at 0 A/m, 0 V/m. In group II RF irradiation was terminated after the rat's colonic temperature reached 41.0 degrees C. In group III the 41.0 degrees C temperature was maintained an additional 2 h by manually varying the incident field strength. In group IV irradiation was terminated after the rat's colonic temperature reached 42.0 degrees C. In group V the 42.0- degrees C temperature was maintained an additional 15 min by varying the field strength. At both temperatures the teratogenic and embryotoxic effects of the RF-induced hyperthermia increased as the exposure duration increased, but the increase was especially noticeable at 42.0 degrees C. The results indicate that the teratogenic and embryotoxic effects of RF-induced hyperthermia are related to both the temperature of the dam during exposure and the length of time the dam's temperature remains elevated. PMID- 6626275 TI - Electrical discontinuity of tissue substitute models at 27.12 MHz. AB - Tissue-substitute models consisting of layers of synthetic, electrically equivalent subcutaneous fat, muscle, and bone shaped in conformation with the normal anatomy are used for rapid determination of distribution of temperature and specific absorption rate throughout the tissues when exposed to electromagnetic radiation. The surfaces of the bisected models are approximated during a short exposure period, then separated and scanned with a thermograph. A method was developed to eliminate the electrical discontinuity at the bisected surfaces while allowing separation and subsequent thermographic scanning. A thin layer of silk screen wetted with propylene glycol saturated with sodium chloride was used at the fat interface and a 0.9% sodium chloride solution was used to wet the screen at the muscle interface to eliminate electrical discontinuity during exposure to 27.12-MHz diathermy. Tests showed that in the presence of an electrical discontinuity the heating pattern was grossly distorted. With the method used, the electrical discontinuity is minimized and the subsequent thermographic scanning reveals that the heating pattern is equivalent to that of an intact model. PMID- 6626277 TI - The significance of thrombocytopenia in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The significance of thrombocytopenia in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is unclear. Some researchers have found it associated with severe disease, others with mild disease. Thrombocytopenia (platelets less than 100,000) occurred in 21 patients seen at an SLE clinic over 18 months. Prospective assessment of 19 (non SLE causes excluded) revealed 2 distinct subgroups. Seven were thrombocytopenic only during severe multisystem flares. Twelve had chronic thrombocytopenia with intermittent mild flares in other systems. Serious bleeding was rare in both subgroups. It was concluded that thrombocytopenia clearly is not a prognostic indicator. PMID- 6626276 TI - Nifedipine as a therapeutic modality for Raynaud's phenomenon. AB - Eight patients with Raynaud's phenomenon were entered into a double-blind crossover study of nifedipine versus placebo, with 7 patients undergoing finger plethysmography before and after sublingual nifedipine administration. While receiving nifedipine, all patients reported decreased frequency and severity of attacks, and 4 of 5 had digital ulcer healing. Total finger blood flow increased 5 of 6 patients after treatment with sublingual nifedipine. This preliminary study indicates that nifedipine may be a useful agent for treatment of digital vasospasm. PMID- 6626278 TI - The epidemiology of juvenile arthritis in Rochester, Minnesota 1960-1979. AB - A 20-year community-based study of the epidemiology of juvenile arthritis in Rochester, Minnesota from January 1, 1960 to January 1, 1980 is described. Cases were identified using the 1977 revised American Rheumatism Association criteria for juvenile arthritis. Higher incidence and prevalence rates and a greater predominance of pauciarticular disease were observed than previously reported. Lower rates were observed when a minimum of 3 months' disease duration was used to identify incidence. PMID- 6626279 TI - The epidemiology of giant cell arteritis. Report of a ten-year study in Shelby County, Tennessee. AB - We have studied the epidemiology of giant cell arteritis (GCA) in an urban population in south central United States. The incidence of GCA in Shelby County, Tennessee for the years 1971 through 1980 was determined for the total population and for age-, sex-, and race-specific groups. Over this period 26 cases were identified. The average annual incidence was 0.35/100,000. This was increased to 1.58/100,000 for those over the age of 50. The incidence was 7 times greater in whites than in blacks and 7 times greater in females than in males. Clinical and laboratory features of the patients were reviewed and found to be similar to those in other populations. GCA is considerably less frequent in Shelby County, Tennessee than in other areas where similar epidemiologic studies have been performed. This difference can be accounted for only in part by racial distributions. Similar studies in southern geographic areas are needed to place our findings in perspective and point to specific factors which may have etiologic significance in GCA. PMID- 6626280 TI - Crystal populations in human synovial fluid. Identification of apatite, octacalcium phosphate, and tricalcium phosphate. AB - Defatted joint fluid pellets from 4 patients with the "Milwaukee shoulder" syndrome, an aspirate of milky fluid from subcutaneous tissue of a girl with dermatomyositis/calcinosis, and 2 rabbit synovial membranes calcified by calciphylaxis were studied by Fourier transform infrared analysis. This method permits sequential electronic subtraction ("stripping") of known patterns of highly characterized reference compounds from an unknown sample pattern. Collagen and hydroxyapatite, with carbonate partially (1-3%) substituted for phosphate, and to a lesser extent hydroxyl, were found in all samples. Octacalcium phosphate (OCP) was found in all samples except that from a patient with synovial chondromatosis which contained tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Sulfate was found in 2 of the shoulder joint fluid specimens. An unidentified organic phase was present in all samples. This study confirms recent observations by others that pathologic calcifications contain several mineral phases. These data raise the possibility that hydroxyapatite nucleation may be controlled by hydrolytic alteration of precursor calcium phosphate phases such as OCP or TCP. Studies of the biologic effects of synthetic calcium phosphate crystals must take into account the existence of several crystalline phases in natural pathologic calcifications. PMID- 6626281 TI - Comparative rates of proteoglycan synthesis and size of proteoglycans in normal and osteoarthritic chondrocytes. AB - Normal human and osteoarthritic cells were isolated from cartilage with clostridial collagenase. The cells were grown in media as a suspension culture in the presence of 35SO4. Osteoarthritic cartilage of moderate histologic grade (4 8) yielded chondrocytes which incorporated 35SO4 at a rate 3-4 times greater than did normal chondrocytes. The rate of incorporation, however, decreased to normal levels with chondrocytes isolated from mild (grade 0-3) or more advanced (grade 9 13) stages of the disease. These results corroborate those obtained in earlier studies using organ cultures and show that when osteoarthritic cells are isolated from their matrix environment, they continue to synthesize macromolecules at an increased rate. Analysis of the material synthesized by the isolated cells on sizing column demonstrated an inverse relationship between the size of the 35SO4 containing molecules and the severity of the disease. PMID- 6626282 TI - AspIrin causes in vivo synthesis of type i collagen by atrophic articular cartilage. PMID- 6626283 TI - Serum transfer of collagen-induced arthritis. II. Identification and localization of autoantibody to type II collagen in donor and recipient rats. AB - Collagen-induced arthritis can be transferred from immunized arthritic rats to unimmunized recipients by intravenous injection of an immunoglobulin concentrate of sera. This study identifies antibodies in the transfer concentrate which localize to the articular surface of cartilage in joints of recipients. Immunoglobulin can also be demonstrated in the same location in arthritic joints from rats after immunization. Antibody capable of transferring arthritis is present in donor rats over a period of at least 3 weeks and can be absorbed using homologous type II collagen. In addition, anti-type II collagen antibodies can be eluted from arthritic joints of rats with early disease. PMID- 6626284 TI - Type II collagen-induced arthritis. A morphologic and biochemical study of articular cartilage. AB - Articular cartilage was obtained from type II collagen-induced arthritic rat joints. Transmission electron microscopy showed a gradual degeneration of chondrocytes, disorganization of the collagenous extracellular matrix, and formation of microscars. Biochemical analyses indicated that type II collagen was the only collagen present and that it was normal in regard to hydroxylation of lysine and glycosylation of hydroxylysine. Analyses of the proteoglycan in the extracellular matrix revealed a 50% loss of chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate. PMID- 6626285 TI - Acute lung disease associated with low-dose pulse methotrexate therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6626286 TI - Methotrexate pneumonitis after low-dose therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6626287 TI - FDA Arthritis Advisory Committee Meeting. PMID- 6626288 TI - Mediastinal fibrosis. PMID- 6626289 TI - Arthritis in beta-thalassemia minor. PMID- 6626290 TI - Cyclophosphamide therapy in murine lupus: effect of combining multiple subsets into a single randomized study. PMID- 6626291 TI - Repeat skin biopsies of nonlesional skin in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6626292 TI - Secondary amyloidosis: diagnosis from an endometrial biopsy. PMID- 6626293 TI - Beyond the boundaries. PMID- 6626294 TI - Factors related to state service levels. PMID- 6626295 TI - Identification of elderly people with hearing problems. PMID- 6626296 TI - Elderhostel for the hearing impaired. PMID- 6626297 TI - Speech and language research support in the U.S. PMID- 6626298 TI - [Chronic atrophic gastritis with carcinoid tumor and microcarcinoidosis. Report of a case with immunohistochemistry and ultrastructure study]. AB - Gastric endoscopy of a 40 year old woman suffering from ill-defined epigastralgy revealed a carcinoid tumor apparently located at the mucous membrane. The tumor was neither argyrophil nor argentaffin. Immunohistochemical tests for VIP, gastrin and serotonin were negative. Biological examinations indicated hypochrome anemia and hypergastrinemia (greater than 800 pg/ml). The excision was completed by a gastrectomy of 2/3 with a Pean anastomosis. No residual tumor was detected but the fundic mucous membrane showed considerable atrophic gastritis together with a marked hyperplasia of endocrine cells giving an aspect of microcarcinoidosis. Immunohistochemical studies showed that most of the cells produced serotonin while a few cells produced gastrin or VIP. Control biopsies of the stump showed similar hyperplasia of the endocrine cells and ultrastructural studies confirmed the polymorphism of the islets. The present observation is compared to analogous cases cited in the literature. The pathogenic mechanism possibly linked to the capacity of gastrin in stimulating endocrine cells is discussed. The prognosis in these carcinoid tumors appears to be the same as in other gastric carcinoid tumors. In particular, a recent observation (Goldman et al., 1981) illustrated their aptitude to lead to metastases. PMID- 6626299 TI - [Total villous atrophy, mesenteric lymph-node cavitation, splenic atrophy. An unusual form of celiac disease in adults, apropos of a new case]. AB - The authors report a new case concerning the syndrome "total villous atrophy, mesenteric lymph-node cavity formation and splenic atrophy" in a 41 year old woman. This pathologic association is characterized by: a) a clinical and biological malabsorption syndrome; b) proximal small bowel alterations as observed in coeliac disease, with, especially subtotal or total villous atrophy, abnormal enterocytic epithelium, hyperplastic crypts and lymph-plasmacytic infiltrate in the lamina propria; c) lymph node mesenteric cavity formation with an heterogeneous necrotic, sometimes liquefied, substance, without germ or parasite. Rare cortical lymphoid follicles are still persistent; 3) a splenic atrophy. A temporary improvement with gluten-diet (G.F.D.) was followed by a one year period of total resistance. A treatment including corticotherapy was then successful and since the 14 past months her health remained satisfactory. Clinical, pathological data and the evolution about this patient are compared with those of the six published cases. The aetiology of this syndrome only observed in adults at the present time is unknown; the fact that patient's child presents with a coeliac disease, allows to authenticate, for the first time, this syndrome as a special form of adult coeliac disease. PMID- 6626300 TI - [Oral leukoplakia: clinical or histologic entity?]. AB - The term leukoplakia was coined by the Hungarian Schwimmer to describe the clinical aspect of white lesions appearing on the mucosae. Unfortunately, the use of leukoplakia for diagnostic purposes in oral pathology has led to so much confusion that diagnosis of leukoplakia has been established, using strict histological criteria, for lesions that did not appear as white patches. Moreover, it is known that what has previously been termed leukoplakia is now shown to consist of several distinct entities. The current clinical concept was established by W.H.O. Leukoplakia: a white patch or plaque that cannot be characterized clinically or pathologically as any other disease. Analysis of histological criteria and classification appearing in the literature and review of the cell and tissue abnormalities reveal that many conditions from hyperkeratosis to epidermoid carcinoma can occur within clinical leukoplakia. Orthokeratosis or hyperorthokeratosis is often found in leukoplakia simplex and leukoplakia verrucosa while parakeratosis or hyperparakeratosis is mainly observed in cases of erosive or speckled leukoplakia. Speckled leukoplakia (nodular white excrescences on an erythematous base) is the clinical type involving the more frequently severe dysplasia and carcinoma. This study demonstrate that the term leukoplakia only describes clinical conditions and does not carry any histological connotation PMID- 6626301 TI - Neonatal food restriction: its effects on the sleep cycles and vigil behavior of adult rats. PMID- 6626302 TI - Direct relationship between arsenate active transport and phospholipid turnover in yeasts. PMID- 6626304 TI - [The use of algorithms in medical practice]. PMID- 6626303 TI - Intentionality and seriousness of suicide attempts in relation to depression. PMID- 6626305 TI - [Progress in neonatology]. PMID- 6626306 TI - [Somatometric profile of female patients with Turner's syndrome and male and female patients with Noonan's syndrome]. PMID- 6626307 TI - [Intestinal giardiasis. Study of 100 cases and subject review]. PMID- 6626308 TI - [Neonatal tetanus: report of 5 cases and discussion of its current management]. PMID- 6626309 TI - [Chondroectodermic dysplasia (Ellis-van Creveld syndrome). Report of 4 cases]. PMID- 6626310 TI - [Orthodontic and surgical treatment of antero-posterior problems of malocclusion in stomatology]. PMID- 6626311 TI - [Television and children]. PMID- 6626312 TI - [Extrahospital death]. PMID- 6626313 TI - [Severe neurological complications in typhoid fever]. PMID- 6626314 TI - [Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis]. PMID- 6626315 TI - [Multiple-choice examinations in health institutions]. PMID- 6626316 TI - [Vulvovaginitis in childhood]. PMID- 6626317 TI - [Pheochromocytoma in children. Management of a case]. PMID- 6626318 TI - [Possible applications of living BCG and the BCG cell wall in immunotherapy]. AB - BCG, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, has an immunostimulant capacity and antitumor activity against both experimental and human tumors. Its mechanism of action has not yet been well clarified; maybe it involves one or more immune cell populations: in fact BCG has been reported to loose its activity in immunosuppressed animals. A limiting factor for systemic use of living BCG is its high toxicity: therefore BCG-derivatives have been introduced in both the experimental and the clinical fields. For experimental use one of the most interesting of these products is BCG-cell wall: when used in laboratory animals it demonstrated an efficient dose-dependent antitumor activity and lack of toxicity. On the contrary living BCG was notably toxic and ineffective when used in high doses. An interesting approach in antineoplastic therapy is the use of BCG with tumor cells as a vaccine against micrometastases remaining after surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy. A vaccine containing BCG-cell wall and tumor cells (either living or x-irradiated) gave very encouraging experimental results for a possible clinical use in the treatment of tumor metastases. PMID- 6626319 TI - [Neutralizing and inhibiting activity of hemagglutination of serum antibodies after natural infection and after vaccination with influenza virus A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1) strain]. AB - Sera with different content of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody (h.i.a.) collected from healthy subjects in late summer 1978, from influenza cases which occurred in winters 1977-78 and 1978-79 and from vaccinees in autumn 1978 were checked for neutralizing antibodies (n.a.) to A/USSR/90/77 influenza virus strain. Neutralizing activity (Geometric mean titer of n.a.) of h.i.a. was found dependent chiefly on the previous antigenic experience of the subjects. This because, given the same h.i.a. level, geometric mean titers of n.a. were lower in children and adolescents than in adults more than 24-year-old. For the age of the subjects and for time of collection of sera, the presence of antibodies in the former group is very likely due to the first antigenic stimulus. Moreover among the vaccinated adults the Geometric mean titers of n.a. in sera with the same h.i.a. content were higher in the age group 25-40 years. With any probability this is the cohort with an original antigenic sin due to H1N1 variants. The results have been also discussed in relation to the epidemiological behaviour of H1N1 strains in the first years of the second prevalence era. The above observations suggest caution in adopting the only hemagglutination-inhibition test for evaluating the immune status of populations and the immunizing efficacy of influenza virus vaccines. PMID- 6626321 TI - Hyperendemicity of viral hepatitis in the Neapolitan area: an epidemiological study. AB - An epidemiological study was performed in order to evaluate the diffusion pattern and risk factors in an area of hyperendemicity of viral hepatitis in the Neapolitan hinterland. Eight hundred-fifty seven asymptomatic subjects, aged 10 to 65 years, who consecutively went to the public health office of the city of Afragola to ask for a health certificate, were studied. They were interviewed with an epidemiological questionnaire and tested for a basic liver profile and serological markers of both hepatitis A and B viruses. Ninety-five percent of the studied population, had anti-HAV with a prevalence of 73% in the class 10-14 years, and of 98% in the class 45-65 years; 78% had either HBsAg or antibodies anti-HBV (60% in the class 10-14 years and 96% in the class 45-65 years). Healthy carriers state was found in 11.4% of the population and acute asymptomatic type B hepatitis in 3%. For HBV infection the interhuman contact in the family setting appeared to play a major role in viral diffusion. Other favouring factors appeared to be the ingestion of raw shellfish and parenteral therapies with glass syringes not properly sterilized. The data suggest that strategies of prevention of hepatitis diffusion in the Neapolitan area should be based on both reinforcing hygienic measures and the educational level of population and active prophylaxis addressed to people in the very young age. PMID- 6626320 TI - HBsAg/IgM complexes in serum of HBsAg carriers: partial characterization and clinical significance. AB - HBsAg bound to IgM was detected in serum of HBsAg carriers with a radioimmunoassay based on selective absorption of the immunoglobulin on a solid phase coated with antiserum to human IgM. High titers of HBsAg/IgM were found in sera with the highest HBsAg binding capacity of polymerized human serum albumin (poly-HSA) and of C1q. These findings and the inhibition of HBsAg/IgM reaction by addition of purified poly-HSA suggest that the IgM component of the complex might bind to poly-HSA fixed on to HBsAg particles and possibly represent antibody to the modified plasma protein. HBsAg/IgM was detected in 95 (87%) patients with acute HBsAg positive hepatitis during the acute phase of infection and persisted after the fourth week only in patients who developed chronic liver disease. HBsAg/IgM were detected in one out of 15 carriers of the HBsAg with superimposed Non B hepatitis. HBsAg/IgM were also present in 76% to 100% of sera from chronic carriers without any relation to the extent of viral replication and to presence of severity of liver disease. Persistence of HBsAg/IgM in patients with acute hepatitis B may provide a useful tool to predict transition of HBV infection to chronicity. PMID- 6626322 TI - [Comparative analysis of the inhibiting activity of various antibiotics on anaerobic microorganisms]. AB - The antibiotic sensitivity of the microorganisms most commonly isolated from suppurative surgical wounds has been determined. The activity of the assayed antibiotics on both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria decreased from the highest values found with metronidazole (97.14%) to the lowest ones found with penicillin G (50.47%). PMID- 6626324 TI - Report on an intrafamiliar outbreak of Campylobacter enteritis. AB - An intrafamiliar campylobacter enteritis outbreak is described. From stools of three adults and two children, 5 Campylobacter jejuni strains resistant to erythromycin, lincomycin, and tetracycline, were isolated. From the sixth member of the family, a boy, a susceptible strain was isolated. Serological responses, measured using a serum bactericidal assay, against autologous and heterologous campylobacters have shown that one strain only, the resistant one, caused the outbreak. The source of infection was unknown. PMID- 6626323 TI - [Protocols for the diagnostic verification of lymph node toxoplasmosis]. AB - The protocol we have fixed for the diagnosis of lymphonodal toxoplasmosis includes a precise succession of tests: 1) specific repeated serological tests (I.H.A.T., I.F.A.T., IgM--I.F.A.T. on total serum and on pure IgM fraction); 2) lymphonodal biopsy for histological examination and biological test (isolation procedure in mouse). We have evaluated the effectiveness of our protocol in 20 cases that we observed during 1980. PMID- 6626325 TI - [Cholinergic enzymes in the ciliary ganglia of the chicken and pigeon]. AB - In the present paper we have comparatively analyzed acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and cholinacetyltransferase (ChAT) activity in chick and pigeon ciliary ganglion. AChE specific activity in the pigeon ciliary ganglion is remarkably higher than the one occurring in the chick; conversely the ChAT specific activity is similar in the chick as well as in the pigeon. Higher AChE activity found in the pigeon ciliary ganglion can be partially attributed to a selective accumulation of the enzyme in already described membrane-limited formations typical of the choroid neurons. After post-ganglionic axotomy such formations undergo a progressive disappearance which parallels the decrease of AChE activity. The present data suggest the hypothesis that the structures under investigation as well as ganglionic AChE are possibly controlled through a retrograde mechanism by their target organ. PMID- 6626326 TI - [Location of acetylcholinesterase in axotomized ciliary ganglia]. AB - In the present note we have investigated the cytochemical localization of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the chick ciliary ganglion (CG) after post ganglionic axotomy obtained by ablation of the eyeball. Preliminary results show at quite early stages after axotomy a remarkable reduction of cytoplasmic AChE, the residual one being localized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. On the contrary synaptic areas, in particular those concerning the calyciform synapses, still show a marked AchE activity, similarly to what observed in physiological conditions. The decrease of cytoplasmic AChe in axotomized CG does suggest the possibility that such AChE undergoes to a topographical rearrangement moving towards the synaptic areas of ganglionic neurons. PMID- 6626327 TI - [Effect of topical exhedrine hydrochloride on muco-ciliary transport]. AB - The time of nasal M.C.T. (Mucus Ciliar Transport) was studied by the indirect objective method of bleu-sky in 30 healthy subjects before and after the application of efedrina hydrochloride in water solution associated with timolo, eucaliptolo, mentolo essence of canfora monobramata and clorbutamolo. The time of nasal M.C.T., regular in the 87% of the subjects during the first determination was found extended in almost all of the cases after the application of vasoconstrictor (85%). This experimental data may be caused both by a direct effect of efedrina hydrochloride and by the substances associated in the solution and their physical characteristics. PMID- 6626328 TI - [Evaluation of nasal mucociliary activity in laryngectomized patients]. AB - The mucus-ciliar transport (M.C.T.) was studied by the indirect objective method of bleu of metilene in 30 patients undergone (at least since one year) on operation of total laryngectomy. The M.C.T. was absent in 1/3 of the patients and extended in almost all the others this kind of response may be explained as a consequence both of constitutional features and relative inertness of nasal mucous membrane following the absence of ventilation. PMID- 6626329 TI - Duchenne muscular dystrophy: alterations in lymphocyte fluidity. AB - We have studied lymphocyte membrane from 7 patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) and 8 normal controls using fluorescence polarization of 1,6 diphenyl-hexatriene (DPH). The microviscosity of lymphocytes membrane is significatively higher in DMD patients than in normal controls. Our results support the hypothesis of a generalized membrane defect in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. PMID- 6626330 TI - [Preliminary report on a method for establishing the relation between the surface of a plantar load and the total projective surface of the foot: index of plantar load (IPL)]. AB - The creation of a Plantar Load Index (PLI) is proposed, with a view to studying the plantar surface of the foot from a morphofunctional standpoint. This Index would provide information on the centesimal relationship between the surface load values and the total projective values of the foot, expressed in cm2. The measurements in question are homogeneous in nature and may, therefore, be easily related to one another. To obtain these values, the two surfaces are visualized, photographed together in a single photogram and analyzed by means of the computerized visual system (Zeiss Videoplan). Visualization is obtained by means of a thermochromatic variation plate which is placed on the stand of a reflexion podoscope and which is sensitive to the heat of the plantar skin and the suitably emitted infra-red rays. The heat of the skin in contact with the plate shows the load surface. The intra-red rays suitably emitted from above onto the plate and onto the back of the foot produce the general chromatic variation of the plate, also showing the perimetrical outline of the foot. The picture to be photographed will, then, be as follows: a continuous black edge formed from the outside by the colouring of the plate produced by the infra-red rays (the perimeter of the foot); more black, extending inwards, in varying degrees, when the skin is not touching the plate (the archer and furrows in the skin); coloured areas inside of the perimeter, showing the load surface.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6626331 TI - [Readjustment of peripheral factors during the unsteady-state phase of dynamic muscular exercise]. AB - The behaviour of the ratio: oxygen extraction (total peripheral resistance (DAV/TPR) in a group of untrained healthy young male students has been bloodless investigated during the unsteady-state phase of the dynamic muscular exercise (2.5 watt/Kg). The results obtained have shown that the kinetics of the ratio, from a resting value of 3.40 ml O2 . min-1 . mmHg-1 to a figure of 17.62 (steady state) doesn't follow a step function. During the first 30 seconds the percentual increase of the ratio falls to 0.45, becomes 1.5 thirty seconds later and there this exponentially drops down to a value of 1. The observed behaviour agrees with experimental findings of other authors. PMID- 6626332 TI - [Effects of flunarizine on positional nystagmus]. AB - The anti-vertigo activity of the flunarizine on the positional nystagmus has been evaluated in 30 subjects suffering from central or peripheral labyrinthine disorders. The medication was given only once at the dose of 10 mg and its activity was evaluated by means of electronystagmographic recording six hours after drug intake. In 9 cases the positional nystagmus, classified according to Nylen was the first type, in 13 subjects it was the second type and 8 cases had the third type. The drug determined the inhibition of the positional nystagmus in 53% of the subjects and an evident reduction in 27% of the cases. These effects were most evident both in the central lesions and in the I and III type of the positional nystagmus. In the remaining cases (20%) the differences between the nystagmus recorded before and after treatment with flunarizine were not significant. PMID- 6626333 TI - [The presence of purinergic, quinacrine-positive neurons in the rabbit stomach]. AB - Inhibitory non-adrenergic non-cholinergic efferent nerves are activated in the stomach of the rabbit by electrical vagal stimulation (1). Aim of the present research is to ascertain, in the rabbit stomach, by means of quinacrine fluorescence technique (6) the presence of quinacrine-positive cells and nerve fibers which are thought to be non-adrenergic non-cholinergic inhibitory nerves of gastric motility. A population of neurons showing a high affinity for quinacrine was revealed by fluorescence microscopy in the myenteric plexus of the rabbit stomach. PMID- 6626334 TI - [Influence of age and sex on the urinary excretion of total and non-dializable hydroxyproline]. AB - Urinary excretion of total OHPr, an index of bone resorption, was evaluated in 68 normal subjects (25 males and 43 females) aged 19-83 years. In 49 of them non dialyzable OHPr(ndOHPr), which reflects bone matrix formation, was also determined. Total urinary OHPr, expressed as mg/24 h, significantly decreased with advancing age in both sexes: however by means of multiple regression analysis no correlation was found after correction of OHPr behaviour for changes in creatinine clearance. On the contrary ndOHPr was inversely correlated with age (r = -0,56, p less than 0,001) even when creatinine clearance was held constant (p less than 0,05). The findings obtained seem to show that a decrease in osteogenetic activity is also responsible for the physiological ageing bone loss. PMID- 6626335 TI - [Changes induced by parturition in serum cholesterol and triglycerides in obese and normal weight women]. AB - It is shown that total cholesterol levels in the blood before and immediately after delivery in obese and normal weighing women remain within normal values. Conversely blood triglycerides levels, higher than normal prior to delivery, are shown to drop back to normal values within three days (p 0.001). This is not thought to be attributable to labor stress. PMID- 6626336 TI - [Effect of parturition on serum glycerol and non-esterified fatty acids in obese and normal weight women]. AB - Serum glycerol and NEFA content variations are examined before and after labor in obese and normal weighing women (35 subjects). Blood glycerol and NEFA are shown to increase before delivery. Glycerol values are shown to drop to normal immediately after delivery, while NEFA values diminish to a lesser extent. Statistical analysis shown that blood glycerol increase could be pregnancy dependent in both normal weighing and obese women, but that NEFA increase could be pregnancy-dependent in normal weighing women only. Obesity increases blood glycerol and NEFA concentration considerably, thus masking the effects of pregnancy. PMID- 6626337 TI - [Evaluation of free and IgG-bound components of e antigen (HBeAg) in acute virus B hepatitis]. AB - Soluble (free) and insoluble (IgG-bound) hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) activities in 1,33 M ammonium sulfate solution was evaluated serially in sera from 12 patients with acute type B hepatitis followed up to 60 days. In three cases preclinical sera were available. In patients who showed clinical and biochemical resolution of hepatitis within 60 days, HBeAg free was the prevalent form of circulating HBeAg during the incubation period of disease, then gradually shifting to the IgG-bound form at the onset of jaundice. Finally HBeAg-bound was no longer demonstrable, followed by detection of anti-HBe antibody. On the contrary, in all patients with unresolved hepatitis both HBeAg-free and HBeAg bound were detected with prevalence of HBeAg-free ratio. These data suggest a striking correlation between synthesis of HBeAg and HBV replication and may indicate that HBeAg-free and IgG-bound ratio reflects the stage and prognosis of acute HBV infection. PMID- 6626338 TI - [Comparison of different methods for the identification of groups of streptococci]. AB - The Streptococci, isolated from 500 mucus-pharyngeal tampons, have been tested, for a group identification, by means of four different techniques in order to value the specificity and reliability in comparison with more traditional and, sometimes, more complex tests; such as Maxted and Lancefield. The most suitable method for routine researchers of microbiology laboratories is the one based on the extraction, by means of enzyme obtained from Streptomyces Griseus, of streptococci antigens before starting their serum identification, possible for A B-C-D-F-G groups (Streptex). On the contrary, the method based on the links of group-specific antibodies with the A protein of the surface of Staphylococci Cowan I, has resulted more defective because Streptococci D and F cannot be grouped, and less specific because of frequent co-agglutinations. PMID- 6626339 TI - Effect of subtoxic amounts of furan, acetylfuran and methylene chloride on some serum enzymes of rat. AB - Serum transaminases (GOT and GPT) and ornithincarbamyltransferase (OCT) were determined in rats treated with subtoxic doses of furan, acetylfuran, and methylene chloride. Significant increases of all enzymes were observed in methylene chloride treated rats, while only GOT increased in rats treated with acetylfuran and with furan + methylene chloride. Calculation of the GOT/GPT ratios indicated a pattern of toxic hepatitis only for rats treated with acetylfuran and furan + methylene chloride. PMID- 6626340 TI - [Plasma and platelet serotonin in children with essential headache]. AB - We examined the haematic concentration of 5 HT in idiopathic headache in children. We observed plasma and platelet 5 HT concentration in 18 migrainous patients free from painful crisis, and we compared the results with a control group of 20 clinically healthy children. No significant variation was noted in plasma 5 HT concentration between the two groups. The data are more difficult to interpret on the platelet because of the slight statistical difference (0.1 greater than p greater than 0.05). However we think suggestive the possible existence of persisting platelet anomalies in migrainous children and this hypothesis can be verified in a larger number of children free from painful crisis. PMID- 6626341 TI - [Effect of a flavinoid (4-methylesculetin) on the response of isolated calf coronary arteries to histamine in the presence of indomethacin]. AB - The aim of this work is to study the mechanism by which 4-methylesculetin (4-Me) cause the relaxation or inhibit the histamine induced contraction in the smooth muscle. The effect of 4-Me, alone or associated with ascorbic-acid, on basal tone and histamine induced contraction of isolated coronary strips have been studied. Experiments have been carried out in the presence of indomethacin (IN), specific inhibitor of prostaglandin synthetase. IN-decreased, but did not abolished, the 4 Me induced relaxation and reduced or suppressed the depressive effect of 4-Me on the histamine dependent contraction. Therefore, it seems reasonable to conclude that the 4-Me influence could be mediated by prostaglandins release in the smooth muscle. PMID- 6626342 TI - [Response of isolated coronary artery segments to serotonin in the presence of a flavinoid, indomethacin and acetylsalicylate]. AB - The aim of this work is to study the mechanism by which 4-metilesculetin (4-Me) cause the relaxation or inhibit the serotonin induced contraction in the smooth muscle. The effect of 4-Me, alone or associated with ascorbic-acid, on basal tone and serotonin induced contraction of isolated coronary strips have been studied. Experiments have been carried out in the presence of indomethacin (IN), specific inhibitor of prostaglandin synthetase. IN-decreased, but did not abolished, the 4 Me induced relaxation and reduced or suppressed the depressive effect of 4-Me on the serotonin dependent contraction. Therefore, it seems reasonable to conclude that the 4-Me influence could be mediated by prostaglandins release in the smooth muscle. PMID- 6626343 TI - [Circadian rhythm of ventilatory parameters of intrinsic asthma in clinical remission]. AB - In six subjects with intrinsic asthma in clinical remission, time-structure of ventilatory parameters has been evaluated in order to evaluate: 1) which indexes present statistically significant circadian fluctuations; 2) if phase-shifts occur in comparison with normal subjects. After a period of synchronization of 7 days (L/D: 07.30-23.00; meal timing at 08.00, 13.00 and 20.30) all subjects have been studied by spirometry, flow-volume loop and Raw determination 6 times in a 24-hr period at constant intervals of 4 hrs. The results have been evaluated by macroscopic and microscopic analysis statistical significant fluctuations have been shown in these functional indexes: MEF50, Raw, SRaw, SGaw, FRC and RV; no phase-shifts occurred in comparison with normal subjects. On the contrary a circadian rhythm has not been shown in FVC, FEV1, and PEF. Therefore only the effort-independent test should be used to study correctly the bronchial tone. PMID- 6626344 TI - Bone marrow cryopreservation: biological aspects. AB - Ten bone marrow suspensions have been cryopreserved by a Programmed Freezer Planer R 201. Total cellularity, viability, differential myelograms, cytochemical pattern and CFU-GM growth "in vitro", have been evaluated on the cellular suspensions both before and after 1 and 18 months of storage in liquid nitrogen. Total cellular recovery and viable cell recovery were satisfactory, cellular loss being due, almost entirely to death of the more mature cells. NASDA reaction did not vary after freezing, on the contrary peroxidase reaction and overall PAS reaction showed respectively a slight and an almost complete disappearance. LAP reaction was not valuable, after freezing, because of the more mature myeloid cell loss. CFU-GM recovery was satisfactory and clusters and colonies growth in methylcellulose appeared quite similar before and after 1 and 18 months of storage at very low temperature. Our cryopreservation technique cannot prevent some cellular loss or some qualitative cellular damage, but colonizing ability is almost completely preserved. PMID- 6626345 TI - The influence of aging on the normal oral glucose tolerance. AB - 381 glucose intake normal curves were studied according to the Diabetes Data Group new classification in healthy persons between 10 and 80 years in order to assess the influence of the age upon the normal glucose tolerance. Such an influence, which was evident in all the subjects, turned out to be more important in women with respect to me. In fact, males showed an increase, per decade, of about 1 mg/dl in fasting glycemic levels, of about 6 mg/dl at 60', of 4 mg/dl at 120', while in females there was an increase of about 2 mg/dl in fasting glicemic values, of about 6 mg/dl at 60' and of about 5 mg/dl at 120'. No meaningful correlation between age and insulinemic values was found at all considered points, either in males or in females. The reasons of the decreased glucose tolerance with aging and of its different behavior in the two sexes are discussed. PMID- 6626346 TI - [Functional evaluation of cystic thyroid nodules]. AB - 7 patients (age between 22 and 52 years, mean 38.2 +/- 10.6 SD) with cystic nodules have been subjected to the same diagnostic screening (scintiscanning and echography, needle aspiration); in every subject hormonal pattern has been studied at the cyst and periphery level. The Authors found very high TG levels in the cyst's fluid, perhaps due to an increased sensitiviness to the thyrotropic hormone, and an rT3/T4 increased at periphery level, probably because an enhancement of mechanisms connected to the reuptake of iodine. These reports outline the great importance in the induction and development of cystic nodules of changes related to the enzymatic steps of iodination and coupling. PMID- 6626347 TI - [Intraoperative functional study of unilateral cold thyroid nodules]. AB - The authors studied 7 patients (age between 22 and 52 years, mean 40.2 +/- 6.55 S.D.) with single or multiple solid nodules, localized in the same thyroid lobe. All subjects performed scintiscanning and echography for evaluating the nature of nodules. During the thyroidectomy the hormonal pattern has been studied in the venous blood of both lobes (inferior thyroid and jugular veins, homo and heterolateral). The authors found a significant decrease of T3 and T4 values with increased T3/T4 ratio at the nodular level. This report could be related to an hypothetical alteration of iodination mechanisms, maybe due to an intrinsic defect of oxidative mitochondrial systems. PMID- 6626348 TI - [Glycosylated hemoglobin in experimental streptozotocin diabetes]. AB - Streptozotocin (Stz) diabetes was induced in rats to study the changes in glycosylated hemoglobin. An increase of glycosylated hemoglobin had been found since the first days of the experiment. These results suggest that such a model may be used for the study of changes of glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetes. PMID- 6626349 TI - [Glycosylated hemoglobin and raubasine in experimental streptozotocin diabetes]. AB - Streptozotocin (Stz) diabetes was induced to study the changes of glycosylated hemoglobin in rats treated with raubasina (R), drug widely used in the vascular compliance of natural human diabetes. Raubasina reduced significantly the increase of glycosylated hemoglobin found in streptozotocin induced diabetes. These results support data obtained in clinical trials. PMID- 6626351 TI - [Inflammatory reaction to polyester material in the guinea pig. IV. Production and liberation of beta glucuronidase and lactate dehydrogenase by peritoneal macrophages in culture]. AB - Peritoneal macrophages obtained from guinea pigs intraperitoneally injected with minced polyester threads with saline, and from control animals were cultivated and the activities of the lysosomal enzyme beta-glucuronidase and of the cytoplasmic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase were determined in the cells and in the culture media. The production and particularly the release into the medium of beta-glucuronidase increased in the cultures from the treated animals; the LDH production was also markedly increased, and the enzyme was partly lost into the medium, suggesting that the injection of Mersilene into the guinea pigs markedly induces these enzymes in the phagocytes and at the same time probably increases the leakiness of their cell membrane. PMID- 6626350 TI - [Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase in metastatic cells of Lewis lung carcinoma]. AB - By the experimental model of the Lewis lung carcinoma we studied the activity of glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenesis (G6PDH) and succinic-dehydrogenesis (SDH) in the carcinoma itself, the lung metastases, the peripheral blood. A set of carcinoma, lung sections, peripheral blood smears were studied by histochemical techniques day by day since the 3rd day to the 15th one after the carcinoma grafting. The reported results allow us to conclude that G6PDH looks like a determinant of metastatic cell survival and growth and can be regarded as a marker of metastatic cells in the present model. PMID- 6626352 TI - [Inflammatory reaction to polyester material in the guinea pig. V. Semiautomatic determination of peritoneal cell volume]. AB - The volume of the peritoneal cells of guinea pigs treated with injections of 1) minced polyester threads (Mersilene), 2) saline, and of untreated animals, has been determined utilizing a Coulter Counter coupled with a pulse height analyzer. The volumetric test on the whole cell population has emphasized a distinctly bimodal distribution, due to the presence of two cellular types picked out as first peak (P 1 degrees) and second peak (P 2 degrees), while the non-adherent cells (CNA) have shown an unimodal distribution. Statistically significant difference in the mean volumes have been found between the P 1 degrees and P 2 degrees cells and between the CNA and P 1 degrees cells. The percentage of CNA in the whole cell population significantly decreases in "Mersilene"-treated guinea pigs. PMID- 6626353 TI - The chiromorphoergometry and the chirophotogrammetry. AB - The authors suggest a suitable method for "measuring" morpho-functional involvement of hands (and wrists). This method analyzes four tests: three postural tests and a photogrammetric test. The three positions are: - "Praying hands" (fig. 1) - "Dorsum of the hands opposed" (fig. 2) - "Phalanges opposed (by their dorsum)" (fig. 3) These positions (1-2-3) define three angles alpha 1, alpha 2, alpha 3. The corresponding indices I1, I2, I3 are synthetized by the following mathematical formula: Ii = 1 - alpha i/90 Patients, in the photogrammetric (or surface) test, lean their hands on a Chigot's plantiscope. The illuminated area provides the fourth index expressed by this formula: I4 = 2,5 Sc/St - 0,25 It is possible to calculate a general index It with the following formula: (formula; see text) Angles and surfaces are documented photographically. The method may be very helpful in evaluating the clinical course and therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6626354 TI - [Effect of high intensity (50Hz) electric stimulation on various cardiovascular parameters in the rabbit]. AB - The effect of AC (50 Hz) electric field (EL) of 80 kV/m on ECG, cardiac output (Q) and arterial pressure (AP) has been studied on 15 rabbits after 60 days of exposure for 8 hr a day and in an equal number of controls (C). Average heart rate value was 272 +/- 27.1 (+/- SD) b/min in C and 266 +/- 23.7 b/min in exposed animals. No alterations of ECG waves was found. Q (thermodilution method) was 234 +/- 22.4 ml/min X kg b.w. in C and 245 +/- 13.9 ml/min X kg in exp. respectively. Mean AP (direct measurement) was 102 +/- 3.5 mmHg and 104 +/- 5.1 mmHg in C and exp. respectively. The difference in the variables studied between the two groups is not statistically significant. In conclusion, chronic exposure at high intensity EL does not seem to affect the cardiovascular variables investigated. PMID- 6626356 TI - [Sleep and the circadian rhythm of cortisol in transsexuals]. AB - Polygraphic recordings of nocturnal sleep and hormonal behavior were studied in three male and two female transexual subjects, aged 17 to 26 years, who had required a surgical sex reassignment. The transexual state was assayed by psychological investigations according to the law. All subjects appeared healthy at physical examination and no abnormalities were revealed by basal laboratory data. Chromosomal picture was in accordance with sexual characteristics. Pituitary sella enlargements were excluded by radiographic examination. In each patient two adjustment days were followed by polygraphic recording (EEG,EOG,EMG of chin muscles) of nocturnal sleep and blood drawing for cortisol assay. Blood samples were drawn at 30 minutes intervals for 24 hours, starting from the bedding-time. Hormonal blood concentration were determined by radioimmunoassay. Cosinor method was employed in the analysis of circadian rhythm. In transexual subjects the percentage of sleep intermediate phase, or ambiguous sleep, with reference to total sleep time, was significantly higher than in matched controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6626355 TI - [Effect of a bioflavinoid (4-methylesculetin) on the response of calf hepatic arteries to serotonin in the presence of indomethacin]. AB - The aim of this work is to study the mechanism by which 4-methylsculetin (4-Me) inhibits the serotonin induced contraction in smooth muscle. The effect of 4-Me, alone or associated with ascorbic acid, on basal tone and serotonin induced contraction of isolated hepatic artery strips have been studied. Experiments have been carried out in the presence of indomethacin (IN), specific inhibitor of prostaglandin-synthetase. IN suppressed the depressive effect of 4-Me on the serotonin dependent contraction. Therefore, it seems reasonable to conclude that the 4-Me influence could be mediated by prostaglandins release smooth muscle. PMID- 6626357 TI - [Histomorphogenesis of spinal ganglia developing on the chorioallantoic membrane]. AB - The aim of the present research is to study the development of spinal ganglia implanted onto chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM), where they are supplied by 'foreign', extraembryonic vessels. Small blocks including a segment of the neural tube and 4 pairs of somites were isolated from the brachial or thoracic or lumbar region (neuromeres C13 - T1 or T3 - T6 or L1 - L4) of thirty 3-day donor chick embryos and grafted on the CAM of as many 10-day host chick embryos. At regular time intervals after grafting, the implants were fixed, embedded in paraffin, serially cross-sectioned and stained. The preliminary results are similar for the ganglia from the 3 regions: they seem to indicate that in the spinal ganglia grafted on the CAM the developing blood vessels do not exert any morphogenetic influence on the substratum; this corroborates results from previous researches (2) on the normally 'in situ' developing ganglia. It is now the author purpose to submit to a careful analysis a datum from the present research: namely, the earlier appearance of the endoganglionic vessels in the brachial and lumbar grafted ganglia than in the thoracic ones. PMID- 6626358 TI - Effects of bicuculline and lormetazepam on conditioning avoidance in the rat. PMID- 6626359 TI - [Pharmacology of lycorine. 1) Effect on biliary secretion in the rat]. AB - The Authors study pharmacological actions of lycorine, alkaloid of Lycoris radiata. On the basis that anti-inflammatory substances have a choleretic effect, the activity of lycorine on biliary secretion of rats has been investigated. Lycorine, at a dose of 1 mg/kg induces, in rats anaesthetized with urethane (1,2 g/kg i.m.), a marked choleretic effect. This experiment do not define the mechanism responsible for the observed choleresis. PMID- 6626361 TI - [Effects of isometheptene on gallbladder contraction]. AB - In order to verify the influence of the adrenergic system on the gallbladder contraction the Authors studied the effect of isometeptene, a sympathomimetic drug active on beta receptors, on gallbladder emptying. The gallbladder was studied on 6 subjects using a real-time (linear array) equipment with a 3,5 MHz transducer. In fasting subjects the gallbladder emptying was obtained by a fatty meal. In the next day the fatty meal stimulation was associated with the administration of isometeptene. The mean values +/- S.D. of the follow parameters were evaluated: -gallbladder basal volume -gallbladder residual volume both after fatty meal and after the association with isometeptene -gallbladder maximum emptying percentage in two experiences. The results show that the isometeptene doesn't inhibit significantly the gallbladder emptying induced by a fatty meal. PMID- 6626360 TI - [Essential headache as an equivalent to a withdrawal syndrome: experience with naloxone]. AB - The Authors, starting with the hypothesis that could exist a correlation between the opiate withdrawal and the migraine crisis, used the naloxone, opiate pure antagonist, in order to induced the migraine crisis. 30 patients affected by migraine were studied; naloxone was administered acutely (2 mg e.v.) during the asintomatic period. The naloxone administration never caused the migraine crisis. The patients didn't complain variations regarding the psycho-physical status or the monitored clinical parameters. PMID- 6626362 TI - Effect of the arrangement and the distance of the electrodes on detecting the human colon electrical activity in vivo. PMID- 6626363 TI - In situ observations of the transverse colon electrical activity. PMID- 6626364 TI - [Adherent capacity of human macrophages in short-term cultures. Activity in an aged population]. AB - We studied the morphological modifications that the adherent human cells of aged subjects show in short term cultures in an atmosphere containing 5% CO2, in comparison with young controls. The sequential variations in the morphological aspect are nearly the same of the young subject, but they seem to occur late, during the observations at 2,4,8,20 hours. PMID- 6626365 TI - Preliminary observation on human tubal electrical activity in vivo. AB - The authors have set up a new technique for recording the human tubal electrical activity in vivo. A polyethylene catheter was used with six couples of electrodes placed on the tube of 5 women during simple laparohysterectomy. The slow electrical activity was recorded by means of a 8-channel paper amplifying recorder for 3-5 days from surgery. The fimbria showed frequencies between 1.25 and 3.3 c/min, the ampulla showed higher frequencies (1-5 c/min), the isthmus showed little electrical activity. The propagation signal velocity ranges between 0.25 and 0.5 cm/sec. The amplitude ranges between 50 and 200 V. The propagation occurs mainly in the distal-proximal direction. PMID- 6626366 TI - [Fluorometric method for the assay of IgG produced in lymphocyte cultures]. AB - We have studied the IgG secreted in a system of CML. Microquantity of IgG (30 3000 micrograms/ml) of culture was determined using a fluorometric method based on the determination of the fluorescence derived by immune-complex IgG-FITC labeled goat Anti-human antibody to IgG covalently coupled to hydrophilic beads. This techniques has showed a good sensibility and accuracy. PMID- 6626367 TI - [Importance of sucking stimulation in lactation: histological aspects of the mammary gland in the rat]. AB - The Authors refer the results of a study concerning the mammary gland of lactating rats subjected to suctional stimuli of different intensities. We made used of Wistar rats subdivided in 3 groups: Group A: each lactating 8 pups; Group B: 8 days before the birth we provided to hide the nipples of a half of the breasts with sutures like tobacco-pouch. The animals were anesthetized with ether. Each rat lactates 4 pups. Group C: They do not lactate. In the 6th day of suckling we took away the newborn from theirs mothers for 8 Hours and then we put them to lactate for other 4 hours. After this period we removed the mammary glands. We prepared this material as the routine methods for optical microscopy and after wards we stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin. Direct relationship is demonstrated between the intensity of suctional stimulus and morphologically evaluated synthetic activity. PMID- 6626368 TI - [Importance of sucking stimulation in lactation: ultrastructural aspects of mammary glands in the rat]. AB - The Authors refer the results of a study concerning the mammary glands of lactating rats. We made use of rats Wistar subdivided in three groups. Group A: each rat lactates 8 pups. Group B: each rat lactates 4 pups. 8 days before delivery we provided to hide the nipples of a half of breasts with sutures. Group C: They do not lactate. In the 6th day of suckling, after a period of intense suction, we removed the mammary glands. This material was processed for electronic microscopy. Morphological aspects obtained show a difference in development of cytoplasmatic organs specially manifest in R.E.R. and Golgian apparatus. PMID- 6626369 TI - [Parameters of somatosensory evoked potentials in normal subjects in relation to age and height]. AB - Cortical SEPs by stimulation of median nerve at wrist (159 measurements; 144 subjects, 63 M - 81 F; mean age 39.7, range 11-70; mean height 162.5, range 134 190) and cortical SEPs by stimulation of posterior tibial nerve at ankle (100 measurements; 81 subjects, 37 M - 44 F; mean age 34.7, range 11-60; mean height 161.1, range 134-180 cm) have been performed. The latencies of N1 of median SEPs and of N1 and P1 of tibial SEPs significantly increase with the height of subjects. The statistical evaluation of latency values of each subject normalized at a height of 165 cm show a little increase of latency according to the age of the subjects; this increase is quite evident for the latency of P1 of tibial SEP. PMID- 6626370 TI - [Electroencephalographic characteristics of sleep in subjects with paleo and neocerebellar lesions]. AB - The research was performed in order to study: 1) paleo and neocerebellar contributions in the sleep organization and 2) the electrical sleep activities at different time intervals during the functional compensation which follows the cerebellar lesion. Polygraphic sleep records (EEG, EMG, EOG) were performed on four subjects with surgical lesions more than 6 months old in cerebellar cortex (two subjects in paleo and two in neocerebellum). Another subject was studied before a surgical paleocerebellar lesion and at different time intervals after that (8th, 30th, 60th, and 90th day). Paleo and neocerebellar lesions showed different sleep abnormalities. The former induced both quantitative and qualitative alterations in the cyclic sleep organization, the latter did not show significant alterations in this organization but rather in transition between sleeping and waking and in sleep maintenance. The acute paleocerebellar lesion showed at the 8th and 30th day a strong reduction of the synchronized sleep (SS) and an increase of the desynchronized one (DS). In the successive records, 30th and 90th day, the SS/DS ratio increased to the values observed in the chronic paleocerebellar lesioned subjects. PMID- 6626371 TI - [Spindle activity during sleep in subjects with a deficit in pallesthetic sensibility]. AB - Sleep spindle activity was studied on four subjects affected by pallesthesic deficit due to injury the posterior funiculi of the cord. The spindle activity was studied as density (number of spindles min.), duration and percent of sleep time utilized in spindle activity. The polygraph sleep records included EOG, EMG and 6 monopolar EEG recordings, 3 for each side, on the frontal, parietal and occipital regions. The records showed a spindle activity which was similar in different subjects and that was significantly higher than the physiological values. In fact, the spindle density was about 250%, the duration was about 130% and the spindle percent was about 280%, with respect to the physiological values assumed to be 100%. PMID- 6626372 TI - [Ponto-medullary projections to the spinal cord: a quantitative study in the cat]. AB - The purpose of this research has been to study quantitatively the ponto-medullary projections to the lateral and ventral funiculi in both cervical (C3) and thoracic (Th8) levels. The method consisted in the partial interruption of the spinal cord, sparing one funiculus in which 5-30 microliter of HRP 30% solution was injected at about 1 cm caudally. 19 cats were utilized, 12 for cervical (6 for lateral and 6 for ventral funiculus) and 7 for lumbar injection (3 for lateral and 4 for ventral funiculus). The structures which project to both funiculi of spinal cord (RM, RL, Poo, PR at Th8 level; RM, RL, Poo at C3 level) could exert integrative effects on the proximal and distal segments of the limbs. The structures which project only to FV (VL and Poc at Th8 level; VL, VIN and Poc at C3 level) or to FL (LSC at Th8; PR at C3) could be implied in motor control of only the proximal or distal regions. PMID- 6626373 TI - [Polygraphic findings in bird-like face syndrome with favorable spontaneous evolution]. AB - The syndrome characterized by acquired micrognathia, hypersomnia and periodic apneas during sleep is a rare consequence of mandibular underdevelopment. The pathogenesis is ascribed to incomplete obstruction of the upper airways associated with a hypoexcitability of the respiratory center. Tracheostomy, with the placement of a permanent tracheal cannula, has proved to be the only treatment producing clinical remission of the syndrome. Polygraphic findings were described in a case spontaneously recovered of hypersomnia and periodic apneas with acquired micrognathia due to a bilateral mastoiditis occurring in early childhood. In this patient three polygraphic recordings were carried out during diurnal and nocturnal sleep; another night sleep was recorded after a spontaneous improvement. In the early three recordings there is a prevalence of light sleep over slow-waves sleep and REM sleep is reduced in nocturnal sleep. There is a lot of periodic apneas during sleep stages. During apneas we observe an increase of heart frequency in NonREM sleep and a decrease in REM sleep. In the recording after clinical recovery we observe an improvement of sleep parameters and a disappearing of apneas in NonREM sleep. A temporary hyposensibility of respiratory centers is considered to be a possible interpretation of clinical and polygraphic improvement. PMID- 6626374 TI - Spindling index in chronic chorea. PMID- 6626375 TI - [CT scan and histology of experimental cerebral infarction--blood-brain barrier, microcirculation and mechanism of contrast enhancement]. PMID- 6626376 TI - [Adrenoleukodystrophy with degeneration of gray matter and demyelination of gracile tracts]. PMID- 6626377 TI - [A prognostic appraisal in acute stage of severe head injury--with repeat CT examination and sequential evaluation of Glasgow coma scale]. PMID- 6626378 TI - [Improvement of CBF by glycerol administration in hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage]. PMID- 6626379 TI - [A case of conduction aphasia after cerebral infarction in the left anterior parietal lobe]. PMID- 6626380 TI - [A study of incidence and symptoms in 71 patients with cavum septi pellucidi]. AB - Seventy one patients with cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) were found among 2722 patients who had received computerized tomographic scanning. A clinical evaluation of these patients was made to examine incidence, clinical symptoms and neurological signs of CSP. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Incidence of CSP was 2.6% of the patients who visited outpatient clinic of a mental hospital. Sex ratio was M:F 1.9:1.0. 2) Age of onset of chief complaints mainly ranged from 10 to 30 years in male, and 10 to 60 years in female. 3) Complications of epileptic attacks and mental retardation were 22.5% and 9.9% of the patients with CSP, respectively. Frequency of these complications was significantly higher, as compared with the patients without CSP. 4) Chief complaints of the patients with CSP were; headache (43.1%), nausea and/or vomiting (23.8%), epileptic attacks (22.5%), dizziness (19.7%) and emotional instability (19.7%). 5) No neurological signs specific to CSP was found in this study. 6) EEG abnormality was found in 22 of 71 patients with CSP. PMID- 6626381 TI - [Tomographic analysis of CBF in cerebral infarction]. AB - Cerebral perfusion was examined in various types of occlusive disease by computed tomographic CBF method. The method utilized has several advantages over conventional studies using isotope, providing high resolution images in a direct relation to CT anatomy. Ten representative cases were presented from 25 consecutive cases of occlusive disease studied by this method. The method included inhalation of 40 to 60% xenon with serial CT scanning for 25 min. K (build-up rate), lambda (partition coefficient) and CBF values were calculated from HU for each pixel and Xe in expired air, based on Fick's principle, and displayed on CRT as K-, lambda- and CBF-map separately. CBF for gray matter of normal control was 82 +/- 11 ml/100 gm/min and that for white matter was 24 +/- 5 ml/100 gm/min. The ischemic threshold for gray matter appeared to be approximately 20 ml/100 gm/min, as blood flow in focus of complete infarction was below this level. Blood flow between 20-30 ml/100 gm/min caused some change on CT, such as localized atrophy, cortical thinning, loss of distinction between gray and white matter and decreased or increased density, which were considered to be compatible with pathological changes of laminar necrosis or gliosis with neuronal loss. In a case with occlusion of middle cerebral artery with subsequent recanalization, causing hemorrhagic infarct, hyperemia was observed in the infarcted cortex that was enhanced by iodine. Periventricular lucency observed in two cases, where blood flow was decreased below threshold, could be classified as "watershed infarction" mainly involving white matter. In moyamoya disease, blood flow in the anterior circulation was decreased near ischemic level, whereas that in basal ganglia and territory of posterior cerebral artery was fairly preserved, which was compatible with general angiographic finding of this disease. PMID- 6626382 TI - [In vivo 31P NMR studies on cerebral infarction using topical magnetic resonance (TMR)--time course of high energy phosphorus compounds content in ischemic and recirculated brain]. PMID- 6626383 TI - [Perception of musical stimuli by the dichotic listening test--studies on primary school girls of the chorus group]. PMID- 6626385 TI - [Effects of methylprednisolone on tumor-induced brain edema]. AB - Local cerebral blood flow (LCBF), local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) and capillary permeability were studied in rats with tumor-induced brain edema. Moreover, effects of methylprednisolone on these physiological parameters were studied to analyse a possible role of steroid on treatment of peritumoral brain edema. A cubic millimeter pellet of Walker 256 tumor was transplanted to the left sensorimotor cortex of the rat brain. Animals were randomly divided into two groups. One group was treated with methylprednisolone (15 mg/kg/day) for 5 days starting at 5 days after tumor inoculation, and the other group received no treatment. These rats were used for autoradiographic study at 10 days after tumor inoculation. Local CBF, LCGU and capillary permeability were measured with 14C iodoantipyrine, 14C-deoxyglucose and 14C-alphaaminoisobutyric acid, respectively. In the untreated group, LCBF and LCGU were widely depressed in the cortex and deep structures of the hemisphere ipsilateral to the tumor. Of the methylprednisolone treated animals LCBF and LCGU were significantly better than that of untreated animals. Capillary permeability of the untreated animals were highly increased in the viable part of the tumor. Some increase was also noted in the peripheral edge of the tumor and adjacent brain. In the methylprednisolone treated groups, capillary permeability was significantly lower than that in untreated group. The data suggest that methylprednisolone decreases capillary permeability in the viable part of the tumor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6626384 TI - [Stereotaxic vascular morphology in experimental gliomas and its relationship with normal vascularization in the developmental stage]. AB - Three-dimensional vascular architecture of the experimental gliomas produced in adult nude mice by intracerebral inoculation of rat glioma C-6 cells (Benda et al., 1968) was studied through a scanning electron-microscope using the vascular casting method (Yoshida & Ikuta, 1981), and compared with that of developing rat cerebellums. It was observed that smoothly running blood vessels of identical diameter in the surrounding non-neoplastic nervous tissue were connected with extremely dilated and tortuous ones at the border of the neoplasm. In addition to the increased number of these branches, the vascular architecture in the glioma demonstrated characteristic nodular protrusions, or small ring-like anastomoses. Within the lumina, septum-like formations were formed. On the other hand, it was found that surprisingly similar vascular features were observed in the subarachnoid space of the developing external granular cell layer from birth until approximately 2 day after birth in the rat cerebellum. Then, after 4 days from birth, these features disappeared and resulted in numerous small vascular proliferations. The present study strongly suggests that the newly formed vessels in the gliomas are definitely "abnormal" compared with the vessels of normal adult animals, but that the process of vascularization in the glioma is based on the way of vascularization noticed in normal developing fetal and newborn brains. PMID- 6626386 TI - [Cerebral glucose metabolism studied with (14C)-deoxyglucose method in experimental hydrocephalus]. AB - Hydrocephalus is known to produce progressive mental deterioration and other peculiar neurological symptoms and signs, such as gait disturbance, pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs and urinary incontinence. Alteration of energy metabolism in various cerebral regions in association with hydrocephalus, however, has not been fully understood. The quantitative carbon 14 deoxyglucose autoradiographic method was employed in kaolin induced hydrocephalus of rats. The hydrocephalic rats developed marked emaciation with normal physiological parameters. They showed reduced motor activity and muscle tone and sluggish reflexes. The animals remained conscious and displayed no seizure activity. The rates of local cerebral glucose utilization in the cortical areas and the thalamus were significantly lower than those of the control animals. In the limbic system, the hypothalamus, and basal ganglia, the values showed considerable variation, however, the degrees of reduction were relatively mild. The values in the brain stem were either lower or higher than those of the control animals. The lower values were seen in the sensory system and higher values in the nucleus raphe and locus ceruleus. Decrease of the glucose utilization rate in the cerebellum was moderate and uniform in all the cerebellar structures. Reductions of the metabolic rates in the white matter structures were relatively uniform throughout the brain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6626387 TI - [2 cases simulating Tolosa-Hunt syndrome]. AB - The Tolosa-Hunt syndrome is characterized by recurrent unilateral painful ophthalmoplegia which responds to systemic steroid therapy dramatically. The etiology appears to be a non-specific inflammation in the cavernous sinus and the superior orbital fissure. Two interesting cases similar to this syndrome are described. One is a 54-year-old man with moderate left exophthalmos who had no complaint of retro-orbital pain. CT scan demonstrated the left orbital tumor, and the orbital decompression surgery was performed. The white-yellowish tumor was found extending the orbit through the superior orbital fissure into the cavernous sinus. Histological examination revealed non-specific inflammatory granuloma. Despite the unusual clinical symptoms, the etiology of this case appeared to be identical with the Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. The other case is a 16-year-old girl who had a 2 years' history of recurrent left retro-orbital pain and the complete IIIrd nerve palsy. CT scan demonstrated a small enhancing lesion in the cavernous sinus. Corticosteroid treatment improved her IIIrd nerve palsy within 2 days, however the CT scan after the treatment revealed no change of the lesion size. Left frontotemporal craniotomy was performed and the whitish tumor in the cavernous sinus was partially removed. Histological examination revealed that the tumor was typical meningioma with whorl-formation. The anatomical structure of the cavernous sinus is so complicated that the diseases arising from this area show quite different appearances. For the differential diagnosis of these lesions, the carotid angiography and the cavernous sinus venography were said to be useful.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6626388 TI - [Cerebellar cyst associated with cytoarchitectonic abnormalities in the cerebellar cortex]. AB - The patient, 64-year-old female, had episode of sudden attack of severe vertigo, headache, nausea, and vomiting which lasted for about twenty minutes on May 20th in 1980. She had hypertension, polyp of stomach, diverticuli of duodenum in her past history. Neurological examination on her admission revealed fine horizontal nystagmus on bilateral gaze and slight clumsy movement on left F-N test. On plain skull and cervical X-P, atlanto-occipital fusion and Klippel-Feil syndrome (C2-C3 fusion) were seen. Plain CT scanning revealed a large cystic lesion which extended from the vermis to the left cerebellar hemisphere. No enhanced area was seen. The forth ventricle was seemed to be enlarged. And the left-sided dorsal part of the forth ventricle attached to the cyst. Metrizamide CT cisternogram showed there was no direct communication between them. Angiographically, the vertebrobasilar arteries were noted sclerotic changes and poor vascularities in the left cerebellar hemisphere was noted. On opening the dura during surgery, the left cerebellar hemisphere appeared bulging state and the bilateral cerebellar tonsils were hypoplastic. Outer thin membrane of the cyst was removed. The cyst has no communication with the subarachnoid space as well as with the forth ventricle. The cystic fluid was slightly yellowish, but had no Froin's sign. Reddish-gray color nodular area, which seemed to be similar to mural nodule macroscopically, was noted in the area of inner surface of the cyst. This part was removed. Histological findings of this area showed abnormal architecture with malarranged layer of cerebellar cortex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6626389 TI - Aberration: seventy five years after Sir Thomas Lewis. PMID- 6626390 TI - Myocarditis--a case of mistaken identity? PMID- 6626391 TI - Chordal rupture. I: aetiology and natural history. AB - Between 1970 and 1981, 12% of patients undergoing mitral valve surgery were found to have chordal rupture. Spontaneous or primary rupture accounted for 74.6% of patients (primary group); in the remainder (secondary group) chordal rupture complicated chronic rheumatic valvular disease (8.9%), bacterial endocarditis on both normal (8.5%) and rheumatic valves (4.7%), ischaemic heart disease (2.3%), acute rheumatic fever (0.5%), and osteogenesis imperfecta (0.5%). Isolated posterior rupture was seen most frequently (54%), with anterior rupture in 36% and rupture of both mitral cusps in 10% of patients. A short symptomatic history of acute mitral regurgitation was rare, occurring in only 4% of patients in either the primary or secondary groups, suggesting that mitral regurgitation due to ruptured chordae is a progressive disease. In contrast to previous reports the clinical presentation did not help to differentiate the aetiology of the chordal rupture. PMID- 6626392 TI - Chordal rupture. II: comparison between repair and replacement. AB - During the period 1970-81, 183 patients underwent mitral valve surgery for chordal rupture. Of these, 82 (45%) patients were treated by mitral valve repair and 101 (55%) by mitral valve replacement. Mean age at surgery was 57 years. The early mortality was nine of 183 (4.9%) patients, of whom five had undergone replacement and four repair. During the follow up period (mean 3.6 years, range 0.8-12.2 years) a further 27 patients died; 23 of these had undergone mitral valve replacement and four mitral valve repair. Cerebrovascular events accounted for 35% of the deaths after mitral valve replacement and none of those after mitral valve repair. In 11 patients repair was technically unsatisfactory, and mitral valve replacement was undertaken at the same operation; a further five patients required late replacement (mean 1.4 years) for pronounced mitral regurgitation. Actuarial curves predict a six year survival of 68 +/- 5.7% (mean +/- SD) for all patients after mitral valve replacement compared with 88 +/- 6.9% (mean +/- SD) after repair (p less than 0.01). Actuarial survival curves favour mitral valve repair as the procedure choice for chordal rupture, and in isolated posterior cusp repair breakdown of the repair is a rare occurrence. PMID- 6626393 TI - Long term transvenous ventricular pacing in adults with congenital abnormalities of the heart and great arteries. AB - Improved techniques of transvenous pacing have made it possible to use this approach in various congenital cardiac abnormalities. Transvenous active fixation pacing leads were implanted in seven patients aged 15 to 81 years with abnormal venous, atrioventricular, or ventriculoarterial connections with successful ventricular pacing. PMID- 6626394 TI - Enlargement of the narrow aortic root and oblique insertion of a St Jude prosthesis. AB - The aortic root was enlarged and a St Jude Medical valve obliquely inserted in 11 patients. Prosthetic valve sizes at least one, but often two, sizes larger than that which would normally be accommodated by the dimensions of the host aortic annulus were used. Closure of the valve was not affected by obliquity. This simple technique is recommended whenever the host aortic annulus does not allow the insertion of a substitute valve of an appropriate size. PMID- 6626395 TI - Independence of mitral valve prolapse and neurosis. AB - An association has been claimed between mitral valve prolapse and the neuroses, especially the anxiety states, panic disorders, and agoraphobia. In this study 103 patients with echocardiographically confirmed mitral valve prolapse were tested with the Eysenck Personality Inventory for neuroticism and with the General Health Questionnaire for the presence of neurotic symptoms. The scores for neuroticism and neurotic symptoms were not significantly different from those of patients with other cardiac diseases or from those of patients presenting in primary care. In addition 50 patients with agoraphobia were screened by echocardiography for mitral valve prolapse, but no cases were detected. It appears that some of the earlier evidence for an association between mitral valve prolapse and neurosis may have been based on groups which were incorrectly diagnosed. It is concluded that mitral valve prolapse and neurosis are independent conditions. PMID- 6626396 TI - Evaluation of systolic murmurs by Doppler ultrasonography. AB - Non-invasive continuous and pulsed wave Doppler ultrasonography was performed in 102 consecutive patients with clinically ill defined systolic murmurs to differentiate between flow murmurs, mitral regurgitation, aortic stenosis, and ventricular septal defect, as well as to assess the severity of aortic stenosis. Diagnoses with the Doppler method were based on velocity, direction, and duration of flow signals and were subsequently verified by cardiac catheterisation in all patients. Multiple evaluations were made in 31 patients. Sensitivity and specificity were 0.87 and 0.77 in mitral regurgitation, 0.9 and 1.0 in aortic stenosis, and 1.0 and 1.0 in ventricular septal defect. In 67 patients the estimation of severity of aortic stenosis using the Doppler technique to calculate aortic pressure gradients from maximum flow velocity was significantly correlated with that determined at catheterisation. It is concluded that Doppler ultrasonography is a highly useful technique for the non-invasive evaluation of clinically ill defined systolic murmurs. PMID- 6626397 TI - Isolated ventricular septal defect in adults. Clinical and haemodynamic findings. AB - Clinical and haemodynamic findings were reviewed in 109 consecutive patients in whom an isolated ventricular septal defect was diagnosed after the age of 15 years (range 15-65 years). Most patients had no or minor cardiac symptoms. Based on the left to right shunt size and pulmonary pressure, 32 (29%) patients had large and 75 (69%) small ventricular septal defects, whereas in two (2%) patients data were insufficiently complete for determining the size. The anatomical location was membranous in 92% and muscular in 8% of the 51 patients in whom this could be assessed from a left ventricular angiogram or the surgeon's report of a subsequent operation, or both. Nine (8%) patients had developed the Eisenmenger syndrome, 12 had aortic regurgitation, and 16 (15%) had bacterial endocarditis, the incidence of the latter being 5.7 per 1000 patient years. Of the 34 (31%) patients who underwent surgery, five (15%) died while in hospital. In contrast with reports from paediatric series our study in adults showed a predominance of small ventricular septal defects and a high frequency of irreversible pulmonary hypertension and serious complications, such as aortic regurgitation and bacterial endocarditis. Thus ventricular septal defects in adults should- regardless of symptoms--be looked on as potentially serious. PMID- 6626398 TI - Cross-sectional echocardiographic assessment of coarctation in the sick neonate and infant. AB - To establish an integrated non-invasive method for diagnosing coarctation, cross sectional echocardiographic appearances of 48 neonates and infants with coarctation were combined with clinical information on the peripheral pulses. Measurements of the ascending aorta, aortic arch, and isthmus were made and compared with those from controls matched for weight and age. Confirmation of the coarctation was available in all cases. Angiocardiographic measurements were performed in 15 patients from either the group with coarctation or the controls. After the aortic arch had been analysed segment by segment 40 patients were found to have preductal coarctation, five juxtaductal coarctation, and three postductal coarctation. In one of the patients in the latter group the obstruction was situated in the abdominal aorta. Specific echocardiographic features were present in each subgroup. Echocardiographic measurements were about two thirds of those obtained by angiocardiography. By combining information on the peripheral pulses, isthmic size, and the presence of a discrete shelf in the aorta it was retrospectively possible to predict correctly the presence of coarctation in 45 out of 48 cases. Since the beginning of this study 29 patients have undergone surgery without prior invasive investigation. A combination of clinical assessment and cross-sectional echocardiographic features allows a reliable diagnosis of coarctation to be made in most cases. PMID- 6626399 TI - Mechanisms of reduced left ventricular filling rate in coronary artery disease. AB - To identify mechanisms underlying slow left ventricular filling in coronary artery disease, left ventriculograms from 93 patients and 18 normal subjects were digitised frame by frame and global and regional function analysed. In 54 patients peak normalised filling rates were above the lower 95% confidence limit of normal (2 X 9s-1) and in 39 they were below. Patients with slow filling had a lower ejection fraction, a higher end systolic volume, and less overall shape index change, although a larger percentage occurred during isovolumic relaxation owing to asynchronous relaxation. Stroke volume was not significantly different. Slow outward wall motion was associated with increased cavity volume and systolic hypokinesis. Wall motion was also appreciably asynchronous, with wide spreads in the times of peak outward velocity and termination of rapid outward movement between regions. Early outward movement usually started in the anterior region, with peak velocity occurring before mitral valve opening, and significantly earlier than that in the apex or the inferior region. Ventricular oscillations occurred during filling in 23 patients. This asynchronous wall movement was unrelated to the distribution of coronary artery disease, systolic hypokinesis, or Q waves on electrocardiograms but was similar to that occurring in mitral stenosis. The main causes of slow left ventricular filling in patients with coronary artery disease appear to be (a) failure to achieve a normal low end systolic volume, with associated loss of physiological changes in left ventricular cavity shape, and (b) incoordinate wall motion during isovolumic relaxation which dissipates energy normally coupled to rapid ventricular filling. The resulting slow and asynchronous wall motion may have clinical implications especially when the time available for left ventricular filling is short. PMID- 6626400 TI - Ambulatory electrocardiography in squash players. AB - Ambulatory electrocardiography was carried out in 21 healthy, fit, male squash players (aged 23-43 years) before, during, and after match play. Resulting electrocardiograms were analysed with respect to heart rate and changes in rhythm. The results indicate that squash increases the heart rate to 80% of an individual's predicted maximum heart rate for the duration of a game. Ventricular arrhythmias were detected in seven of the subjects during play and in seven in the immediate post-exercise period, an incidence which was not reproduced on subsequent maximal treadmill exercise testing. This study indicates that squash is a physiologically demanding sport which places a severe strain on the myocardium for considerable periods of time and is capable of generating cardiac arrhythmias. These findings are particularly important for an individual already at risk of sudden death from coronary artery disease or structural cardiovascular abnormalities. Medical advice before participation in the game will identify those at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Subjects in this study who developed arrhythmias were not, however, identified by history, examination, or exercise electrocardiography. Thus, it seems unwise to begin playing squash after the age of 40 years. Whether subjects in this age group already participating in the game should continue to play remains a matter for individual judgment. PMID- 6626402 TI - Effects of the argon laser on anaesthetic gases and endotracheal tubes. AB - The effects of argon laser light on endotracheal tubes and gas mixtures have been studied. In recommended use accidental exposure to red rubber and PVC tubes caused minimal damage. Prolonged exposure of PVC tubing and a 2:1 nitrous oxide:oxygen mixture produced a minimal increase in temperature and no detectable increase in the concentration of higher oxides of nitrogen. Transparent endotracheal tubes are recommended if the argon laser is being used in the management of cutaneous lesions of the head and neck. PMID- 6626401 TI - U wave inversion during attacks of variant angina. AB - Sequential 12 lead electrocardiograms were recorded during angina pectoris induced by ergonovine maleate in 38 patients with variant angina. Transient U wave inversion was observed in 17 patients with ST segment elevation in anterior chest leads, but in only three of 21 patients with ST segment elevation in the inferior leads associated with right coronary artery spasm. In the 17, all of whom had spasm of the left anterior descending coronary artery, the sensitivity of ST segment elevation in V5 was only 41%, and that of U wave inversion 71%. U wave inversion without ST segment elevation occurred during attacks in 35% of patients. During the recovery phase, the sensitivity of U wave inversion was 82% in V4 and 65% in V5, though ST segment elevation was absent in both V4 and V5. Thus, inverted U waves without ST segment elevation often appear in marginal ischaemic zones or during the time of recovery from temporary ischaemia. Detection of inverted U waves should aid in the diagnosis of variant angina when only lead V5 is used as a monitor and when electrocardiograms are recorded only during the recovery phase. PMID- 6626403 TI - Effects of carrier gas composition on the output of six anaesthetic vaporizers. AB - The effect of carrier gas composition on the output of six anaesthetic vaporizers was studied using oxygen, nitrous oxide, helium and argon as the carrier gases. Vaporizer output was measured with an MGA 200 mass spectrometer and a Riken refractometer and, in addition, the pressure decrease across each vaporizer was determined simultaneously. A change in carrier gas composition produced both a transient and a steady state change in vaporizer output. The possible reasons for the changes in steady state output are discussed in relation to the construction of each vaporizer. The addition of nitrous oxide to the carrier gas produced changes of clinical significance only when the vaporizers were used at extreme dial settings and flow rates. PMID- 6626404 TI - Fresh gas flows. PMID- 6626405 TI - Failed intubation in obstetric anesthesia. PMID- 6626406 TI - Electrical and mechanical activity of the rat duodenum. PMID- 6626407 TI - The subdural space. PMID- 6626408 TI - Chest wall movements. PMID- 6626409 TI - Influence of premedication on the sympathetic and endocrine responses and cardiac arrhythmias during halothane anaesthesia in children undergoing adenoidectomy. AB - The occurrence of cardiac arrhythmia was investigated in 80 children during halothane anaesthesia for adenoidectomy. Two different premedications were studied. Forty children (group A) were premedicated with diazepam 5 mg rectally and atropine 0.3-0.4 mg sublingually and 40 (group B) received a rectal solution including diazepam 0.5 mg kg-1, morphine 0.15 mg kg-1 and hyoscine 0.01 mg kg-1. In 17 of these children (nine in group A and eight in group B) plasma concentrations of catecholamines, ACTH and corticosteroids were measured. In group A the mean plasma concentration of catecholamines increased more than 300% during surgery, while it was virtually unchanged in group B (P less than 0.01). Plasma concentrations of ACTH, cortisol and 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone were also greater in group A than in group B. The occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias in group A was significantly more frequent (20.0%) than in group B (2.5%) (P less than 0.05). It was concluded that in these two comparable groups of patients ventricular arrhythmia during halothane anaesthesia was almost eliminated by the use of more effective premedication, as a result of decreases in the sympathetic and endocrine responses to surgery. PMID- 6626410 TI - High frequency jet ventilation v. manual jet ventilation during bronchoscopy in patients with tracheo-bronchial stenosis. AB - Six patients with airway stenosis were submitted to bronchoscopy under general anaesthesia. Each was ventilated with a gas mixture of 50% oxygen and nitrogen using successively manual jet insufflation (JV) using the Sanders technique at 20 b.p.m., and high frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) at rates of 150, 300 and 500 b.p.m. The effects on alveolar ventilation were assessed by blood-gas analysis and the transcutaneous monitoring of carbon dioxide tension. It is concluded that HFJV achieves satisfactory operating conditions, and provides adequate gas exchanges up to a rate of 300 b.p.m. At the faster rate some degree of hypoxaemia and hypercarbia were noted. The correlation between PaCO2 and transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension was satisfactory. PMID- 6626411 TI - Manual jet ventilation v. high frequency jet ventilation during laser resection of tracheo-bronchial stenosis. AB - Manual jet ventilation (20 b.p.m.) and high frequency jet ventilation (300 b.p.m.) were compared during laser resection of tracheo-bronchial stenosis under general anaesthesia. Both methods provided similar blood-gas tensions at the 10th min of surgery in patients with tracheal stenosis. In patients with bronchial stenosis high frequency jet ventilation resulted in modest hypercarbia and manual jet ventilation appeared to be the preferred method in these particular patients. PMID- 6626412 TI - Ventilatory effects produced by the i.v. administration of incremental doses of thiopentone in the dog. AB - Ventilation, ventilatory pattern and ventilatory drive were studied in five dogs during the administration of increasing blood concentrations of thiopentone. Ventilation (VE, RR, VT) and blood-gas tensions (pHa, PaCO2, PaO2,) were measured. Ventilatory pattern (VT, TI, TE, Ttot) and ventilatory drive (VT/TI) and occlusion pressure) were analysed. Occlusions of the airway were performed at end-inspiration and at end-expiration. Thiopentone produced a biphasic action on respiratory rate, ranging from tachypnoea during light anaesthesia to a progressive slowing of respiration with deepening anaesthesia. The Hering-Breuer reflex did not seem to be modified by the level of anaesthesia, whereas the central mechanisms which modulate the duration of inspiration and of expiration, were perturbed. PMID- 6626413 TI - In vitro quantitation of benzodiazepine lipophilicity: relation to in vivo distribution. AB - In vitro lipophilicity of a series of benzodiazepines was evaluated by octanol: buffer partition ratio at physiological pH, and by retention time on a reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) system with a neutral-pH mobile phase. Both approaches ranked diazepam as highly lipophilic, but overall the two indices were poorly correlated (r = 0.23). For seven of the benzodiazepines, the in vivo volume of distribution (Vd) was determined in pharmacokinetic studies. After correlation for individual values of protein binding, Vd for unbound drug was significantly correlated with octanol: buffer partition ratio (r = 0.74), and to a greater extent with HPLC retention (r = 0.81). Thus, lipid solubility at least partly determines the extent of benzodiazepine distribution in vivo, which in turn is a major determinant of the duration of clinical action after single doses. PMID- 6626414 TI - Drug binding in sera deficient in lipoproteins, albumin or orosomucoid. AB - The relative role of lipoproteins, albumin and orosomucoid in the serum binding variation of various drugs was examined by separate removal of these proteins. Lipoproteins were removed from serum by ultracentrifugation, albumin by affinity chromatography and orosomucoid by immunoprecipitation. Removal of the lipoproteins did not affect the serum binding of the acidic (phenytoin) and neutral (digitoxin) drugs tested, nor the basic drugs disopyramide, quinidine or propranolol. A reduction in binding of amitryptyline, nortriptyline, doxepin and desmethyldoxepin was observed. Removal of albumin did, with some exception for nortriptyline, not affect the serum binding of the basic drugs tested. A pronounced reduction in the binding of phenytoin and digitoxin was observed. Removal of orosomucoid did not affect the binding of the acidic and neutral drugs tested. A reduction in the binding of all the basic drugs tested was observed, especially for disopyramide whose binding almost disappeared. Quinidine, propranolol, phenytoin and digitoxin all bound to isolated lipoproteins, but the removal of lipoproteins had no effect on the total serum binding for these drugs. Hence, the use of deficient sera provides valuable information as to the quantitative role of the various proteins in drug binding, whereas studies using purified proteins are often necessary to examine the mechanisms of the drug protein interactions. PMID- 6626415 TI - The effects of chronic renal insufficiency on the pharmacokinetics of doxycycline in man. AB - The pharmacokinetics as well as erythrocyte and plasma protein binding of doxycycline were studied in fifteen patients with various renal function impairments after oral doxycycline polyphosphate single administration. Plasma half-life (t 1/2), area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), urinary excretion, renal clearance, erythrocyte and plasma protein binding (%) were regressed vs creatinine clearance. No significant correlations were observed between t 1/2 or AUC and renal function nor plasma protein binding and plasma albumin concentrations. Significant correlations were obtained between urinary excretion, renal clearance, erythrocyte binding, plasma protein binding and creatinine clearance. Significant correlation was obtained between haematocrit and erythrocyte binding. Constancy of overall elimination parameters in renal failure is due to parallel increase in plasma free fraction of doxycycline. PMID- 6626416 TI - Acebutolol pharmacokinetics in renal failure. AB - Acebutolol was administered orally in a single dose of 200 mg to 17 individuals whose renal function varied markedly. The plasma half-life and elimination rate constant for acebutolol showed a four-fold variation but these did not correlate with the degree of renal impairment. However, there was a good correlation between the renal clearance of creatinine and that of acebutolol (P less than 0.001). The half-life and elimination rate of the acetyl metabolite, diacetolol, were subject to 10-fold inter-individual variability which correlated significantly with the creatinine clearance and serum creatinine concentration. The AUC for the acetyl metabolite showed a 40-fold individual variation which also correlated with renal function. It is concluded that renal elimination is the principal route of excretion for diacetolol but not the parent compound, acebutolol. PMID- 6626417 TI - Plasma concentrations and central nervous system effects of the new hypnotic agent zopiclone in patients with chronic liver disease. AB - Eight healthy individuals and seven cirrhotic patients received 7.5 mg zopiclone orally. Two further cirrhotics received 3.75 mg. Plasma concentrations of zopiclone and psychometric tests including reaction time and critical flicker fusion threshold and electroencephalographic tracings were performed at regular intervals after drug administration. Peak plasma levels of zopiclone were similar in the two groups but the time to peak was delayed in the cirrhotics. Plasma zopiclone half-life was 8.53 +/- 0.83 h in the cirrhotics and 3.50 +/- 0.33 h in the healthy individuals. In the group of cirrhotics there was a negative correlation between zopiclone half-life and serum albumin concentration (r = 0.87). Zopiclone caused sedation in both groups. Reaction time was prolonged and critical flicker fusion threshold reduced in both groups. Recovery was delayed in the cirrhotics compared to the healthy subjects but was complete by 8 h. The size of the changes was somewhat greater in the cirrhotics but baseline observations differed between the groups. The mean dominant frequency was lower in the cirrhotics and fell slightly in that group after zopiclone administration. The response to zopiclone is delayed and exaggerated in cirrhosis. Precautions are therefore required when using this drug in patients with chronic liver disease. PMID- 6626418 TI - The effect of diet upon serum concentrations of theophylline. AB - Eight patients with airways obstruction were investigated to determine if dietary components had any significant effect upon serum concentrations of theophylline when taking a slow release formulation. A high carbohydrate, low protein diet, given for 1 week, resulted in the area under the concentration time curve for 12 h being 33.3% greater than a high protein low carbohydrate diet given under the same conditions. In contrast to two previous studies no significant effect upon the elimination half-life was detected after changing from one diet to the other and an effect of dietary components upon absorption and/or distribution needs to be considered. Morning and afternoon trough levels were significantly different from each other on both diets suggesting that theophylline kinetics are different at night. Individualising of theophylline dosing is particularly needed when treating patients on a varied dietary intake. PMID- 6626420 TI - Mexiletine disposition: individual variation in response to urine acidification and alkalinisation. AB - The disposition of mexiletine has been studied in five subjects on two occasions with urine pH controlled at 5.0 and at 8.0. With acid urine total plasma clearance was similar in all subjects (462 to 497 ml min-1) and the plasma half life ranged from 3.8 to 9.2 h (mean 6.7 h). With alkaline urine the total plasma clearance varied considerably (239 to 441 ml min-1); the mean half-life, 9.7 h, (range 7.6 to 12.7 h) was not significantly different from that in the acid urine study. Renal clearance fell greatly in every subject on alkalinisation of the urine. The total plasma clearance fell by a similar amount in two. In the remaining three the fall in total clearance was much smaller because of an increase in non-renal clearance. The reduction in total plasma clearance only just achieved statistical significance. The increase in predicted steady-state plasma mexiletine concentrations during infusion with change in urine pH from 5 to 8 varied between +5% and +95% (mean +39%). Changes in urine pH have a predictable effect upon renal clearance of mexiletine. However, disposition is changed in an unpredictable manner and inter-subject variation in distribution volume and non-renal clearance are important factors. PMID- 6626419 TI - Effects of tobacco smoking and oral contraceptive use on theophylline disposition. AB - The independent as well as interactive effects of chronic (greater than 6 months) oral contraceptive (OC) use and cigarette smoking on single-dose (4 mg/kg) theophylline disposition were assessed in 49 young, healthy women. Significant elevations (40%) in theophylline plasma clearance were found in women who smoked. OC use resulted in decreases in clearance of a similar magnitude (28%). These factors do not appear to interact with respect to theophylline disposition. The combination of main effects tended to cancel one another (clearance of 49.1 ml h 1 kg-1 ideal body weight for OC non-user, non-smoker, vs 49.7 ml h-1 kg-1 for OC user-smoker). Single dose exposure to OC in non-users did not significantly alter theophylline pharmacokinetics for the group as a whole. However, in the subgroup of smoking subjects, significant decreases in clearance were evident (P less than 0.05). Analogous results were found for half-life. Volume of distribution was slightly diminished in smokers, but was unaffected in OC users. Areas under the serum concentration-time (AUC) profiles of norgestrel and ethinyloestradiol were examined in 27 women as indices of OC exposure. The smallest values of theophylline clearance were found in the subjects with largest AUC of both OC steroids. Appropriate statistical analyses of data which are influenced by multiple factors are discussed. Special concern is needed when the factor partitioning process yields subgroups of unequal sizes. PMID- 6626422 TI - Drug utilization studies: a tool for determining the effectiveness of drug use. AB - To evaluate the quality of the consumption of medicines in Spain, its potential efficacy, and its evolution during the last years, an assessment of the 'intrinsic value' of the most sold pharmaceutical specialities (amounting to more than 50% of total pharmaceutical market) was carried out. A panel of five clinical pharmacologist classified medicines, according to their intrinsic value, in four groups: (i) 'high value' (41% of analyzed medicines in 1980); (ii) 'relative value' (12% in 1980); (iii) 'doubtful value' (3%); (iv) 'no value' (23%), and (v) 'unacceptable value' (21%). Drugs were also classified according to their expected potential of use; and three groups were formed: (i) 'high' (32%); (ii) 'relatively high' (14%), and (iii) 'reduced' (10%). A fourth group of 'not applicable' (44%) in this classification was formed with pharmaceuticals considered unvaluable or unacceptable in the first classification. The results of this study suggest that this kind of analysis may be a useful tool to evaluate the efficacy of drugs in the community, and to identify priorities and guidelines in the selection of drugs in each country. PMID- 6626421 TI - Acute effects of intravenous phenytoin on the frequency of inter-ictal spikes in man. AB - Phenytoin was administered intravenously to six adult epileptic patients in doses ranging from 500--1000 mg (equivalent to 5.6 mg/kg--20 mg/kg body weight). A significant decrease in the frequency of inter-ictal spikes in the EEG was seen and this effect was most marked 10--20 min after the infusion, when the mean spike count was reduced to 27% (s.d. 17%) of the control (P less than 0.05). In one subject the decrease in inter-ictal spikes coincided with a decrease in fit frequency. Adverse reactions affecting the vestibular system occurred in three patients at doses of 15--20 mg/kg. No cardiovascular complications were observed in any subject. The overall results suggest that doses of 7.5--10 mg/kg would be sufficient to significantly reduce the frequency of inter-ictal spikes in the EEG. PMID- 6626423 TI - The effect of a 5-HT antagonist, ketanserin, on blood pressure, the renin angiotensin system and sympathoadrenal function in normal man. AB - The role of endogenous 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the control of blood pressure, the renin-angiotensin system and sympatho-adrenal function was investigated in normal man. Ketanserin (a specific 5-HT2 antagonist) administered intravenously caused a small decrease in blood pressure in salt-depleted recumbent subjects. A more marked postural fall in pressure occurred in both sodium-depleted and repleted normal subjects. Plasma active renin concentration and angiotensin II increased after administration of ketanserin, but plasma aldosterone, cortisol and noradrenaline were unchanged. 5-HT may be important in the control of blood pressure in man and specific 5-HT2 receptor antagonists could be a useful new class of antihypertensive agents. PMID- 6626424 TI - The effective plasma concentrations of sulmazol (AR-L 115 BS) on haemodynamics in chronic heart failure. AB - Sulmazol (AR-L 115 BS) is a new inotropic drug which has arterial and venous vasodilating properties. We used it in seven patients with severe refractory heart failure to determine the effective plasma concentration levels and the most effective bolus dose on haemodynamics. The haemodynamic monitoring included a Swan-Ganz catheter in the pulmonary artery and a radial catheter. Haemodynamic measurements and plasma concentration determinations were performed before sulmazol injection and at 5, 10 and 30 min after a bolus 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 mg/kg. We observed a gradual increase in cardiac index and decrease in pulmonary wedge pressure when plasma concentration levels rose but the beneficial effects were mainly observed for sulmazol plasma concentrations above 1 microgram/ml. A bolus injection of 0.75 mg/kg was effective in all cases: a significant increase of cardiac index (1.9 to 2.5 1 min-1 m-2; P less than 0.001) and a significant decrease in pulmonary wedge pressure (30 to 25 mm Hg; P less than 0.005) and right atrial pressure (13 to 10 mm Hg, P less than 0.01) were observed. In these patients sulmazol improved the severely deteriorated left ventricular function without affecting heart rate and blood pressure. PMID- 6626425 TI - Effect of treatment with chlorthalidone and atenolol on response to dilator agents in the forearm resistance vessels of men with primary hypertension. AB - The forearm resistance vessels of men with primary hypertension respond to verapamil with a greater than normal dilatation relative to that induced by sodium nitroprusside. We have examined the effect on this functional abnormality of treatment with chlorthalidone (50 mg daily in 16 patients) and atenolol (100 mg daily in eight patients and 200 mg daily in two). The responsiveness of the forearm resistance vessels to local intra-arterial infusion of verapamil and sodium nitroprusside was assessed before treatment and again after a minimum of 1 month of drug therapy. Forearm blood flow was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. Chlorthalidone induced significant reductions in calculated mean arterial pressure, which fell from 135 +/- 4 to 117 +/- 4 mm Hg, and the dilator response to verapamil at 5 micrograms/min, which was reduced from 2.4 +/- 0.2 to 1.5 +/- 0.2 ml min-1 100 ml-1 forearm; the response to sodium nitroprusside at 3.2 micrograms/min was not significantly changed. Atenolol induced significant reductions in mean arterial pressure, which fell from 134 +/- 6 to 123 +/- 6 mm Hg, heart rate which fell from 72 +/- 3 to 55 +/- 2 beats/min, and response to verapamil at 5 micrograms/min which fell from 2.7 +/- 0.2 to 2.1 +/- 0.2 ml min-1 100 ml-1 forearm; the response to sodium nitroprusside was not significantly changed. Both drugs caused reversion towards normal of the relative enhancement of responsiveness to verapamil that was present before treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6626426 TI - Preliminary evaluation of pinacidil in hypertension. AB - In a balanced single-blind placebo controlled study in six hypertensive patients treated with diuretic and beta-adrenoceptor blocker, a single oral dose of 10 mg pinacidil lowered blood pressure significantly, by a maximum of 26/13 mm Hg lying and 15/12 mm Hg standing at 3 h. The duration of action was less than 6 h. Chronic treatment of four patients (mean dose 20 mg twice daily for 3--7 weeks) lowered blood pressure by only 15/7 mm Hg. All four patients experienced side effects of the type often observed during treatment with potent vasodilators. In the formulation studied pinacidil is unlikely to offer any advantage over the antihypertensive drugs currently available. PMID- 6626427 TI - Effect of nifedipine on the contractile responses of human colonic muscle. PMID- 6626428 TI - High dose metoclopramide-preliminary pharmacokinetic studies. PMID- 6626429 TI - Nifedipine does not influence adrenaline induced hypokalaemia in man. PMID- 6626430 TI - Effect of age and plasma concentrations of albumin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein on protein binding of disopyramide. PMID- 6626431 TI - Drug epidemiology and clinical pharmacology: their contribution to patient care. PMID- 6626432 TI - Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of trazodone in the elderly. AB - The pharmacokinetic and some pharmacodynamic characteristics of a single oral dose of 100 mg trazodone were compared in young and elderly volunteers. The maximum plasma concentration of trazodone was similar in both age groups. The time to maximum concentration was apparently prolonged in four subjects who swallowed the capsule with a minimal volume of fluid. This may have been due to the capsule being retained in the oesophagus. The terminal phase half-life of trazodone was significantly prolonged (P less than 0.05) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve was significantly larger (P less than 0.01) in the elderly. Apparent oral clearance was significantly reduced (P less than 0.01) in the elderly. Measurement of critical flicker fusion threshold and subjective assessment of alertness using a visual analogue scale, confirmed the sedative effect of trazodone in both age groups. The elderly subjects were less alert for a longer period following drug administration than the young. The differing pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of trazodone in the young and elderly may be due to an age-related reduction in hepatic drug-metabolising activity, a difference in regional distribution or a change in CNS sensitivity to the drug. PMID- 6626433 TI - The pharmacokinetics of frusemide are influenced by age. AB - After a 24 h control period 80 mg frusemide was given intravenously over 2 min to a group of young and a group of elderly healthy male volunteers. The serum concentration of frusemide and the excretion in urine of the drug and a glucuronidated metabolite were followed for 24 h. The elimination of the drug from serum was described by an open two compartment model. The serum clearance (CLs) was 170 +/- 19 ml min-1 in the young and 129 +/- 11 ml min-1 in the elderly (P less than 0.01) and the average renal clearance (CLr) was 67% of CLs in the young and 58% of CLs in the elderly (NS). The average amount of unchanged frusemide in the urine during the first 30 min was 30 +/- 6 mg in the young but only 20 +/- 4 mg in the elderly (P less than 0.01). The albumin concentration in serum was 15% lower in the elderly but on the average the protein bound fraction of frusemide was 98.6% in both groups. The Vd ss did not differ between the two age groups (0.130 1 kg-1) but the elimination half-life was 70 +/- 20 min in the young and 102 +/- 33 min in the elderly (P less than 0.05). In the young 11.4 +/- 5.0 mg frusemide was excreted as a glucuronidated compound whereas this figure was only 5.4 +/- 2.9 mg in the elderly (P less than 0.01). It is concluded that the age-related changes in the fate of unchanged frusemide in the organism mainly can be explained by a reduction in the tubular secretion of the drug which in turn may be caused by a reduction in renal plasma flow. PMID- 6626434 TI - Quinine disposition kinetics. AB - Intravenous quinine dihydrochloride (5 mg kg-1 over 5 min) was given to seven healthy male volunteers. There were minor subjective symptoms in all subjects but no significant changes in pulse or blood pressure. There was significant prolongation of the electrocardiographic QRS and rate corrected QT intervals which was greatest between 1 and 4 min after completion of the quinine infusion. Values then returned towards baseline. Plasma concentrations of quinine were measured spectrophotofluorimetrically after benzene extraction. Peak plasma concentrations (mean +/- 1 s.d.) after the infusion were 5.1 +/- 1.3 mg 1(-1). Pharmacokinetic analysis fitted a two compartment open model in each case; distribution half-time (t 1/2, lambda 1) was 1.89 +/- 0.54 min (mean +/- 1 s.d.), elimination half-time (t 1/2, z) 11.1 +/- 2.1 h, apparent volume of the central compartment (V1) 0.57 +/- 0.32 1 kg-1, total apparent volume of distribution 1.80 +/- 0.37 1 kg-1 and total clearance 1.92 +/- 0.45 ml min-1 kg-1. PMID- 6626435 TI - Dipyridamole increases red cell deformability. AB - The effects of dipyridamole on red cell filterability both in vitro and ex vivo were measured. In a balanced, randomised and double-blind trial, six healthy male and female volunteers (22-37 years) were given dipyridamole 400 mg/day or matching placebo in four divided doses for 3 days, and heparinised venous blood samples were taken 1 h after the ingestion of the last dose. Filterability of red cells was increased significantly (P less than 0.05 paired t-test) when the subjects were on dipyridamole compared with placebo. In separate experiments, 15 min incubation with 2 or 20 micrograms/ml dipyridamole in vitro was found to have no effect on the filterability of freshly prepared red cell suspensions. After 24 h storage at 4 degrees C, the filterability of red cells was significantly decreased (P less than 0.01) and this could be partially prevented by adding dipyridamole to the stored cells (P less than 0.05). These results suggest that dipyridamole has an effect on the behaviour of the red cell membrane to increase the deformability of the cells. This may contribute to its therapeutic effect. PMID- 6626436 TI - A comparison of diclofensine and desmethylimipramine using tyramine pressor tests in normal subjects. AB - Eight male volunteers received placebo, diclofensine 25 mg, diclofensine 50 mg and desmethylimipramine (DMI) 50 mg at least a week apart. Using tyramine pressor tests, no statistically significant differences between the noradrenaline reuptake blocking effects of the three active treatments could be demonstrated. Visual analogue rating scales showed an increase in dryness of the mouth at 3 h after DMI but no similar effect after either dose of diclofensine. PMID- 6626437 TI - Pharmacokinetic observations on piroxicam in young adult, middle-aged and elderly patients. AB - Nineteen out of 21 patients with painful conditions of the locomotor system aged between 27 and 94 years completed a study in which they received 20 mg piroxicam daily for 14 days. Plasma piroxicam concentrations were estimated by high performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the data showed the half-life and systemic clearance of piroxicam to be unaffected by age. The apparent volume of distribution in older patients was higher than that of younger subjects. Multiple regression analysis showed that creatinine clearance and plasma albumin concentration had insignificant effects on the systemic piroxicam clearance. Although improvement in joint pain and stiffness occurred during the 2 week study period, this could not be correlated with plasma piroxicam concentration. PMID- 6626438 TI - The effect of cimetidine on tolbutamide kinetics. AB - Although possible on theoretical grounds, no interaction between cimetidine and tolbutamide could be demonstrated in ten healthy volunteers. The plasma tolbutamide concentrations over 12 h following 0.5 g orally were essentially the same before and after 1 and 7 days cimetidine (400 mg twice daily). PMID- 6626439 TI - Oxazepam pharmacokinetics in patients with epilepsy treated long-term with phenytoin alone or in combination with phenobarbitone. AB - The pharmacokinetics and serum protein binding of oxazepam, a drug mainly eliminated by a single step glucuronidation reaction, were studied in nine epileptic patients treated long-term with phenytoin or phenytoin with phenobarbitone, and in nine healthy control subjects. Oxazepam elimination half life was shorter and apparent oral clearance higher in treated patients than in age and sex matched control subjects. Serum bilirubin concentration was lower in treated patients. There was no significant correlation between serum bilirubin concentrations and oxazepam elimination. Serum alpha 1-acid glycoprotein concentration was higher in the treated patients than in the control group. Oxazepam was more than 93% bound to serum proteins, but the extent of binding was not significantly different between the two groups. These results show that oxazepam glucuronyl transferase activity is increased by treatment with phenytoin alone or in combination with phenobarbitone in epileptic patients. PMID- 6626440 TI - Plasma digoxin: assay anomalies in Fab-treated patients. AB - Using a variety of radioimmunoassay methods, plasma digoxin concentrations were measured in two patients before and after the administration of ovine Fab antibody fragments to remove the effects of digoxin. Gross method-dependent anomalies in the results due to in vitro drug interaction were observed. More widespread use of immunotherapy may invalidate data obtained by direct immunoassay techniques. PMID- 6626441 TI - An assessment of the contribution of clonidine metabolised from alinidine to the cardiovascular effects of alinidine. AB - Five healthy volunteers (mean age 20.6 years, mean weight 71 kg) received in random order on day 1 and day 8 a single dose of alinidine 40 mg, clonidine 0.1 mg or placebo and on days 2-7 alinidine 40 mg, clonidine 0.1 mg or placebo given three times a day with 1 week between treatment periods. Blood samples were taken for measurement of concentrations of alinidine and clonidine during alinidine administration and of clonidine during clonidine dosing. Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded in supine and standing positions and heart rate after 3 min exercise. Plasma concentrations of alinidine reached a maximum of 163.6 +/- 10.0 ng/ml 2 h after alinidine administration on day 1 and during chronic administration similar concentrations were achieved. Clonidine plasma concentrations reached 0.3 +/- 0.11 ng/ml 6 h after alinidine 40 mg on day 1, and during chronic administration of alinidine, increased to a steady state on day 5 with trough and 2 h values of 0.73 +/- 0.15 and 0.86 +/- 0.14 ng/ml respectively. After the first dose of clonidine on day 1, the maximum plasma concentration of clonidine was 0.32 +/- 0.1 ng/ml at 4 h, during chronic administration clonidine plasma concentration rose to 1.04 +/- 0.14 ng/ml 2 h after a dose on day 5. Alinidine produced a greater reduction in the exercise tachycardia than clonidine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6626442 TI - The effect of glucagon on the swallowing of capsules. AB - Glucagon (0.3 mg) given intravenously to 45 patients with normal oesophageal motility significantly reduced oesophageal transit of hard gelatin capsules when swallowed in the supine position with 15 ml water, compared to an age/sex matched group. This is taken to represent an effect on oesophageal peristalsis which has not previously been recognised. PMID- 6626443 TI - The effect of fenfluramine on collagen-induced platelet aggregation in vitro. PMID- 6626444 TI - Sulphaphenazole and drug oxidation in man. PMID- 6626445 TI - Cows milk intolerance in Isle of Wight infants. PMID- 6626446 TI - Congenital dislocation of the hip. The high incidence of familial aetiology--a study of 130 cases. PMID- 6626447 TI - Loch Fyne fever--a new diagnosis? PMID- 6626448 TI - Bones or stones? An unusual presentation of gallstone ileus. PMID- 6626449 TI - Adaptation and carcinogenesis in defunctioned rat colon: divergent effects of faeces and bile acids. AB - Because the composition of faeces modulates colorectal carcinogenesis, promotional effects of the secondary bile salt sodium deoxycholate (SDC) were compared with those of dilute homogenised faeces (12.5% w/v) or saline alone in rat colon isolated from the faecal stream as a Thiry-Vella fistula (TVF). Each fluid was used to irrigate a group of TVFs 3 times per week for 12 weeks. Other rats had TVF without irrigation or colonic transection and reanastomosis (sham TVF). Operations followed a 6-week course of azoxymethane injections. At sacrifice 15 weeks postoperatively crypt depth and tumour yield were reduced to the same extent in both the non-irrigated TVFs and the SDC-irrigated TVFs, when compared to shams. Irrigation with faeces and saline completely restored crypt depth and partly restored tumour yields to the levels in shams. Tumours were smaller in the SDC group than in the other 4 groups. While tumours developed mainly in the left colon of shams, there was significantly more even distribution in the TVFs. Exclusion of the colon from the faecal stream leads to mucosal hypoplasia and impaired carcinogenesis. Irrigation with faeces or saline partly reverses these changes. Deoxycholate has no such effect and clearly is not co carcinogenic in this model. PMID- 6626450 TI - Enzymic retrodifferentiation during hepatocarcinogenesis and liver regeneration in rats in vivo. AB - The work presented here has concerned the study of early, as well as late, enzymic changes occurring during diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis and liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in comparison with normal liver differentiation. Rank correlation analysis of the enzyme data suggested a step wise retrodifferentiation i.e. that the liver during carcinogenesis first assumed a neonatal enzymic pattern before attaining a foetal enzymic state. Similar enzymic changes were observed in regenerating liver after partial hepatectomy; again there was a step-wise retrodifferentiation of enzymic pattern and at 3 days post hepatectomy the liver had an enzymic pattern similar to both foetal and neoplastic liver. However, in contrast to liver undergoing neoplastic change, the regenerating liver retained the capacity to undergo redifferentiation towards a normal adult biochemical pattern. PMID- 6626451 TI - Treatment of fresh human leukaemia cells with actinomycin D enhances their lysability by natural killer cells. AB - Human leukaemia cells isolated from peripheral blood were employed as targets for natural killer (NK) cells obtained from healthy donors and the effect of pretreatment of leukaemia cells with Actinomycin D on lysability was analysed in a chromium release assay. In 8/14 leukaemia cell samples a substantial enhancement of specific release could be repeatedly obtained by exposure of leukaemia targets to Actinomycin D for 4 h. The phenomenon was seen both with interferon-treated and untreated NK cells and could be demonstrated with fresh, as well as, liquid nitrogen stored leukaemia cells. In contrast, lysis of two leukaemia cell lines could not be further enhanced and no release was seen from normal lymphocyte targets or mitogen-induced blasts. Cold target inhibition studies indicate that enhanced killing is mediated by the same kind of natural killer cell, which is active against the Molt4 and K562 leukaemia cell lines. PMID- 6626453 TI - Epithelial membrane antigen: partial purification, assay and properties. AB - The Epithelial Membrane Antigen (EMA) has until now only been described in immunological terms and has been shown immunohistochemically to be present on a variety of human non-squamous epithelial surfaces. It is a valuable marker in diagnostic tumour pathology and enables the detection of small deposits of malignant cells in organs such as liver and bone marrow. Its discovery in soluble form in human milk has enabled a purification of the antigen from this source. The antigenic activity in the milk is spread over a wide range of mol. wts and although purification causes a general reduction in size, the antigen remains heterogeneous. Carbohydrate forms the major component of the antigen with galactose and N-acetylglucosamine as the two major sugars. The protein content of EMA is low and shows considerable variation in amino acid composition from one sample to another. A high content of inorganic material has also been found in EMA but is not due to high sulphate or phosphate levels. PMID- 6626452 TI - Effect of a streptococcal preparation (OK432) on natural killer activity of tumour-associated lymphoid cells in human ovarian carcinoma and on lysis of fresh ovarian tumour cells. AB - The streptococcal preparation OK432 was studied for its effects on natural killer (NK) activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from normal donors and from ovarian cancer patients, and of tumour-associated lymphocytes (TAL) from peritoneal effusions. OK432 augmented NK activity against the susceptible K562 line and induced killing of the relatively resistant Raji line. Freshly isolated ovarian carcinoma cells were relatively resistant to killing by unstimulated PBL and TAL. OK432 induced significant, though low, levels of cytotoxicity against 51Cr-labelled ovarian carcinoma cells. Augmentation of killing of fresh tumour cells by OK432 was best observed in a 20 h assay and both autologous and allogeneic targets were lysed. PBL were separated on discontinuous Percoll gradients. Unstimulated and OK432-boosted activity were enriched in the lower density fractions where large granular lymphocytes (LGL) and activity against K562 were found. Thus, OK432 augments NK activity of PBL and TAL in human ovarian carcinomas and induces low, but significant, levels of killing of fresh tumour cells. Effector cells involved in killing of fresh ovarian tumours copurify with LGL on discontinuous gradients of Percoll. PMID- 6626454 TI - The role of dexamethasone in the modification of misonidazole pharmacokinetics. AB - A review of misonidazole pharmacokinetics in 83 consecutive patients treated for tumours other than glioma has shown that among patients not receiving enzyme inducing agents the plasma elimination half life is lower in patients taking steroids. Such a difference is not seen if patients already taking enzyme inducers are given steroids. Five further patients with carcinoma of the lung, treated with radiation over a period of 3 weeks, have been studied in greater detail. Misonidazole, in oral dose of 1 gm-2, was given in conjunction with the first and last radiotherapy fractions, and dexamethasone, in a divided daily dose of 8 mg, was given throughout the radiation treatment, commencing after the first treatment. Misonidazole pharmacokinetics were studied at each administration. Following the dexamethasone treatment period there was a 25% reduction in misonidazole plasma elimination half life, a 24% reduction in plasma AUC0-00, and a 38% increase in 24 h urinary excretion (all changes being statistically significant--P less than 0.005). No changes were observed in the plasma AUC0-24 and urinary excretion of the major metabolite desmethylmisonidazole. Glomerular filtration rates in one patient, before and after treatment with dexamethasone, remained unchanged. These results suggest that the effect of dexamethasone on misonidazole kinetics is not related to an enhancement of demethylation. PMID- 6626455 TI - Effect of enzymic removal of cell surface constituents on metastatic colonisation potential of mouse mammary tumour cells. AB - Trypsin treatment of viable cells from 24 spontaneous murine mammary carcinomas resulted in a mild but reproducible diminution in their capability to colonise the lung after i.v. reinoculation but did not alter the distribution of deposits formed. The effects were similar on tumours of high and of low colonisation potentials. Neuraminidase and hyaluronidase did not exert any effect on metastatic colonisation potential, although all 3 enzymes were shown to be active and specific in cleaving their purified substrates, under the conditions in which they were used on the cells. Trypsin and neuraminidase were also shown to release characteristic components from the surfaces of living tumour cells, although hyaluronidase did not release detectable quantities of N-acetyl glucosamine indicating that there is little hyaluronic acid-related mucopolysaccharide on the surface of these mammary tumour cells. The results provide direct evidence suggesting that surface protein composition exerts an effect on the metastatic colonisation capability of mammary tumour cells. PMID- 6626456 TI - Simultaneous micro measurement of steroid receptors in breast cancer. AB - The oestradiol (RE) and progesterone (RP) receptor levels were analyzed in 26 tumour fragments (200-500 mg) from breast cancer patients. After pulverization of tissue, one part was analyzed by the routine dextran-coated charcoal (DCC) method and the other by a micromethod as follows: (i) cytosol incubation using the DCC method but in the simultaneous presence of [3H]oestradiol and [3H]R5020 (ii) extraction of the steroids bound to the receptor by precipitation with ethanol/TCA (iii) high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a modular system, with a C185 microns column and an elution by gradient mixture methanol/water. The fractions were collected and the radioactivity counted. The separation of oestradiol from R 5020 was rapid and complete. In addition dexamethasone was separated by this system making possible triple measures of RE, RP and glucocorticoid receptors. A highly significant correlation was obtained between the 2 methods: RE = 0.996, P less than 0.001; RP r = 0.975, P less than 0.001, implying that the thresholds of positivity, i.e. for therapeutic decisions, remain unchanged. Simultaneous measurement of RE and RP in a single needle biopsy is possible with this micromethod. PMID- 6626457 TI - Hutchinson's melanotic freckle melanoma associated with non-permanent hair dyes. PMID- 6626459 TI - Speech changes following orthodontic treatment with the functional regulator. PMID- 6626458 TI - The histopathology of gastric cancer in rural and urban areas of North Wales. PMID- 6626460 TI - The language development of pre-preschool hearing children of deaf parents. PMID- 6626461 TI - The internal representation of word-final phonemes in phonologically disordered children. PMID- 6626462 TI - The treatment of stammering: a multi-modal approach in an in-patient setting. PMID- 6626463 TI - The unit area trichogram in the assessment of androgen-dependent alopecia. AB - The unit area trichogram was defined in the frontal and occipital areas of ten normal men and ten normal women and the results compared with the findings in ten male and fifteen female patients with androgenic alopecia. The epilation technique provided accurate data of normal hair density (higher than previously reported) and the phases of hair growth. The measurement of hair diameter showed that of 7603 hairs, 1241 were less than 40 microns in diameter, of which only 21 were more than 80 mm in length. Variation in the diameter of individual hair fibres was recorded. The number of hairs less than 40 microns diameter per cm2 of scalp was increased in both men and women with androgenic alopecia. It was concluded that the number of hairs greater than 40 microns in diameter per cm2 (meaningful density) reflected most closely the amount of hair usefully contributing to an individual's clinical appearance. PMID- 6626464 TI - Cryoglobulinaemia and angiomatosis. AB - A 61-year-old woman is presented with essential cryoglobulinaemia and a 25-year history of recurrent ulceration of the lower legs. She developed multiple benign angiomatous nodules on the face, earlobes and neck. Histologically, they simulated an angiosarcoma and are therefore of considerable diagnostic importance. PMID- 6626465 TI - Persistent vegetating and keratotic lesions in patients with pemphigus vulgaris during immunosuppressive therapy. AB - We describe three patients with pemphigus vulgaris, who during treatment with low doses of immunosuppressive drugs developed persistent keratotic or vegetating skin lesions. Direct immunofluorescence (IF) examination of these lesions showed the typical findings of pemphigus. PMID- 6626466 TI - Cryosurgery in cutaneous leishmaniasis. PMID- 6626467 TI - Tobacco consumption and asbestos exposure in patients with lung cancer: a three year prospective study. AB - During the three years 1979-81, all patients with bronchial carcinoma of World Health Organisation types I to IV were given a questionnaire to determine occupation, smoking habits, and exposure to asbestos. Chest x rays were screened for the presence of pleural plaques. Of the men, 96.2% were current or ex smokers, as were 71% of the women. In those who had never smoked 70% had an adenocarcinoma. In smokers the risk of getting other types was greater, but the risk of getting an adenocarcinoma was also considerably increased compared with the normal population. Of the men, 35.8% were occupationally exposed to asbestos and 15.6% were carriers of radiological plaques, a frequency five to six times greater than expected. Practically all asbestos exposed patients with lung tumours were smokers or ex-smokers and their total tobacco consumption was as high as that of non-exposed patients. The average latency from first exposure to asbestos to diagnosis of the lung tumour was 37 years. Even if strict regulations are warranted for the use of asbestos, this cannot prevent future asbestos cancers resulting from exposure that has already occurred. Elimination of smoking seems the only way to reduce such tumours. PMID- 6626469 TI - Effect of occupational exposure to elemental mercury on short term memory. AB - Previous studies have indicated that exposure to elemental mercury is associated with increased short term memory scanning time. In an effort to provide converging evidence that short term memory is one locus of the neurotoxic effect of mercury, two measures of short term memory capacity were used in this study. The first measure, the Wechsler digit span forward, was too imprecise and unreliable to detect any adverse effects. The second measure, an estimate of the worker's 50% threshold for correct serial recall, was more satisfactory and provided evidence of a statistically significant decrease in short term memory capacity associated with increasing exposure to elemental mercury (based on a group of 26 workers, urinary mercury average 0.20 mg/l, range 0.0-0.51 mg/l). A replication study of another group of 60 workers was performed to confirm this apparent mercury related effect. Despite lower urinary mercury concentrations in this second group (0.11 mg/l average), a statistical association was again observed relating urine mercury to reduced short term memory capacity. PMID- 6626468 TI - Effects of lead exposure on peripheral nerve in the cynomolgus monkey. AB - The relationship between blood lead concentration and nerve conduction velocity has been examined, using the cynomolgus monkey as a model for human lead poisoning, with lead dose and blood lead concentration maintained under controlled conditions, to determine whether nerve conduction velocity could be used as an objective measure of the effects of lead on the nervous system at subclinical concentrations. Five cynomolgus monkeys were maintained at a blood lead concentration of 90-100 micrograms Pb/100 ml for nine months by daily oral dosing with lead acetate (12-15 mg Pb/kg body weight). Motor nerve conduction velocity in the ulnar nerve was measured, together with blood lead concentrations. Blood lead concentrations were proportional to lead intake, reaching a stable level within one to two weeks. Lead did not accumulate in the blood, and blood lead concentrations were found to decrease to a maintained plateau from initial high concentrations during the first seven days of dosing. The animals showed no clinical or behavioural evidence of lead poisoning at any time during the study, although there was a progressive decrease in blood packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration, and erythrocyte concentration. The maximal motor nerve conduction velocity of the ulnar nerve remained constant throughout the study, although changes were observed in the conduction velocity of slowly conducting nerve fibres. At termination, intranuclear inclusions were found in the renal tubular cells of all animals as were focal areas of myelin degeneration in the ulnar and sciatic nerves. PMID- 6626470 TI - Cadmium in blood and urine related to present and past exposure. A study of workers in an alkaline battery factory. AB - Blood and urinary cadmium concentrations together with cadmium in air concentrations from the breathing zone of 18 male workers in an alkaline battery factory were determined at regular intervals for 11 consecutive weeks. Nine of the workers examined were smokers and nine non-smokers. Smokers and non-smokers did not differ in age or years of employment. Cadmium in air concentrations varied, but no definite trend was observed. The concentrations of cadmium in the blood and urine were found to be stable. Exposure to airborne cadmium was identical for smokers and non-smokers but average cadmium concentrations in the blood and urine of smokers were approximately twice as high as those in non smokers. For the whole group, urinary cadmium was significantly correlated with years of employment, but no correlation was found between blood cadmium concentrations and exposure. For non-smokers, the correlation between cadmium in blood and years of employment was statistically significant (p less than 0.001). This finding indicated that blood concentrations of cadmium reflect body burden in non-smokers at current low exposure levels. PMID- 6626471 TI - Vibration syndrome and vibration in pedestal grinding. AB - At one Finnish foundry all the workers had typical symptoms of vibration induced white finger (VWF) after they began using a new type of pedestal grinding machine. The objectives of this study were to establish the severity of the symptoms and the difference in vibration exposure between the new and the old machines. Vibration detection thresholds and grip forces were measured, as well as the vibration in the casting and in the wrist simultaneously. The mean latency for VWF among the grinders was 10.3 months after the change of pedestal grinding machines. All the grinders had numbness in their hands. The vibration detection threshold was significantly higher for the grinders than for their referents. At the same circle speed, the new wheels caused vibration levels up to 12 dB more than the old wheels. The circle speed had a slight influence on the vibration. The vibration levels of light (0.5 kg) casting were up to 25 dB higher than the heavy (5 kg) casting. The use of a pneumatic pressing device decreased the vibration levels in the wrist by 5-10 dB. The increase in vibration, which occurred when the new wheels were taken into use, was too small to explain such a dramatic outbreak of VWF. This led to the conclusion that some other feature such as the impulse character of the vibration also contributed to the effects of vibration. PMID- 6626473 TI - Allergy to laboratory animals: a retrospective and a prospective study. AB - Twenty four volunteers who had been allergic to laboratory animals for some years were examined by means of a questionnaire paying particular attention to symptoms associated with rats and by serological and skin tests with extracts of rat urine (retrospective study). Nasal and eye symptoms were reported by 21 and 16 individuals respectively: 13 had asthma. Positive skin tests and high levels of specific IgE antibody to rat urine extract were found in 17 of the more severely affected individuals and this group included 12 of those with asthma. Latent periods of work with animals before symptoms appeared varied from 0.5 to 12 years. Also 148 individuals were studied during their first year of work with animals (prospective study). Symptoms developing during the year were reported by 15%, asthma by 2%. IgE antibody levels to rat urine were raised in 40% of affected and 6% of the unaffected individuals but there was no significant correlation between symptoms and either antibody levels or positive skin tests. Allergic symptoms developing during the first year of postemployment were, on the whole, much milder than those seen in the retrospective study. A tentative conclusion is that most individuals who become allergic to laboratory animals develop the condition in a mild form during their first year of employment but it appears probable that atopic individuals, although having an equal chance of developing allergy as compared with non-atopic individuals, may eventually progress to a more severe form of the disease. PMID- 6626472 TI - Blood pressure, flow, and peripheral resistance of digital arteries in vibration syndrome. AB - The peripheral circulation was studied in 19 lumberjacks and in 12 control subjects. Twelve of the lumberjacks were free from vascular symptoms and seven had vibration induced white finger (VWF). Using the strain-gauge plethysmographic technique, the digital circulation was examined at rest, during cooling of the upper body, and during heating of the upper body. At rest and during vasodilatation no significant differences were found between the lumberjacks and the controls. During reflexive vasoconstriction, digital blood flow in the upper body was more reduced in lumberjacks with VWF than in control subjects. Furthermore, digital blood pressure of the lumberjacks with VWF fell more than in the control group. The peripheral resistance also increased more, but this difference was not statistically significant. There was no evidence that the exaggerated vasoconstriction of VWF resulted from a narrowing of the lumen of arterioles due to hypertrophy of the vessel wall. The present findings suggest that VWF is produced by the highly sensitive responsiveness of the affected vessel to normal vasoconstrictor stimuli. PMID- 6626474 TI - Industrial gassing poisonings due to trichlorethylene, perchlorethylene, and 1-1 1 trichloroethane, 1961-80. AB - During the period 1961-80, 384 cases of industrial gassing poisonings by trichlorethylene, perchlorethylene, and 1-1-1 trichloroethane (methylchloroform) were reported to HM Factory Inspectorate. A study of these data, which have been collated and analysed with particular reference to sex, age, clinical manifestations, and circumstances of the incident, is presented. Possible bias of the data owing to its source and method of extraction is discussed. The study shows the hazards inherent in the use of these narcotic solvents and discusses the circumstances that appear most likely to produce problems. The vulnerability of the younger worker is shown. Toxic effects were most commonly exerted on the central nervous system but no good evidence of cardiac or hepatic toxicity was found. In nine cases evidence of deliberate sniffing of solvent was reported. The problem of solvent abuse in an industrial context is discussed. PMID- 6626475 TI - Reversibility of skeletal fluorosis. AB - At two x ray examinations in 1957 and 1967, 17 cases of skeletal fluorosis were identified among long term cryolite workers in Copenhagen. In 1982 four of these patients were alive, eight to 15 years after exposure had ended. Radiographs were obtained, and the urinary fluoride excretion was measured. A similar picture emerged in all four cases: extensive fading of the sclerosis of trabecular bone in ribs, vertebral bodies, and pelvis, whereas cortical bone thickening and calcification of muscle insertions and ligaments remained virtually unchanged. The fluoride excretion was increased in three cases (with the shortest exposure free period). These findings indicate that with continuous remodelling of bone tissue trabecular sclerosis is slowly reversible and the excess fluoride is excreted in the urine. PMID- 6626476 TI - Interference with the pacemakers of two workers at electricity substations. AB - Pacemaker function was tested in two electricity substation workers exposed to high tension electric fields. High intensity electric fields induced reversion to the interference mode, producing in one case competitive rhythm and in the other inappropriately slow pacing which resulted in asymptomatic pauses of up to 2.5 s. A suit designed to shield the body from the effects of high intensity electric fields was tried and proved to be effective in protecting the pacemaker, allowing it to function normally in the substations. PMID- 6626477 TI - Antipyrine clearance during experimental and occupational exposure to toluene. AB - Exposure to toluene vapour enhances hepatic microsomal enzyme function in animals as assessed by the metabolism of the test drug antipyrine. Thirty six printing trade workers with long term occupational exposure to a mixture of organic solvents and 39 matched controls were randomly allocated into four groups. Eighteen printers and 21 controls were exposed to 100 ppm of toluene during 6.5 hours in an exposure chamber. The remaining 18 printers and 18 controls were exposed to 0 ppm of toluene under similar conditions. The salivary clearance of antipyrine was measured immediately after the stay in the exposure chamber to investigate a possible acute change in liver function and was repeated two weeks later, shortly before the summer vacation. Antipyrine clearance was measured again at the end of the summer vacation-four weeks after exposure. To study a possible effect of chronic exposure on antipyrine clearance 12 printing trade workers with 17 years (median) of occupational exposure to toluene vapour at concentrations of about 100 ppm were investigated before and four weeks after cessation of exposure. No difference in antipyrine clearance was found either within the groups or between the groups at any of the measurements. PMID- 6626478 TI - Urinary hippuric acid and orthocresol excretion in man during experimental exposure to toluene. AB - It is not known whether urinary excretion of hippuric acid (HA) or orthocresol (O Cr) is to be preferred for the biological monitoring of workers with occupational exposure to toluene. To study this, 42 printing trade workers with more than 10 years' exposure to a mixture of organic solvents including toluene (0-20 ppm) and 43 control subjects matched by age, smoking habits, and living accommodation were investigated. Each matched pair was randomised to an experimental exposure of either 100 ppm or 0 ppm toluene for 6.5 hours under controlled conditions in an exposure chamber. Urinary excretion of HA and O-Cr was determined by high pressure liquid chromatography from samples obtained before exposure, during the first three hours, and during the last 3.5 hours of exposure. No difference in HA and O-Cr excretion was found between printing trade workers and controls. The median O-Cr excretion increased 29 times during exposure, whereas the HA excretion increased only five times. Thus only 3% of the O-Cr excretion originated from other sources than toluene whereas the corresponding value for HA was 19%. Standardisation of the concentrations of HA and O-Cr in relation to urinary creatinine reduced the relative variation by 29% and 56% respectively. This was not reduced further by expressing the excretions as average excretion rates based on total volume of urine collected. Background urinary O-Cr excretion was three to four times higher among smokers than non-smokers, probably due to the content of O-Cr in cigarettes. The O-Cr excretion in unexposed smokers was, however, 10 times lower that that of the non-smokers during the end of the experimental exposure to 100 ppm toluene. PMID- 6626479 TI - Selection and outcome in in-patient psychotherapy. AB - In a retrospective study of 28 successive admissions for in-patient psychotherapy, the following characteristics have been identified as predictors of favourable outcome: a diagnosis of neurotic psychopathology; superior intelligence; considerable depression; and minimal previous out-patient treatment. Two alternative sets of decision rules are presented which might be used as a guide in deciding whether to admit patients. More rigorous selection criteria are suggested in the common situation where the demand for treatment greatly exceeds the supply of facilities, but such criteria would result in the exclusion of a small proportion of borderline patients who might respond to in patient psychotherapy and might otherwise prove untreatable. PMID- 6626480 TI - Changes in personal construing in three psychotherapy groups and a control group. AB - Two repertory grids were administered at four-weekly intervals to members of three psychotherapy groups and one waiting-list control group. Individualized and general predictions of possible therapeutic change were made. More individualized than general predictions were confirmed, adding further support to the use of client-centred outcome measures. The outcome data indicated significant improvement in each therapy group. Process results were consonant with Yalom's (1970) curative factors of universality, modelling and family re-enactment and Malan's (1979) resolution of triangle of person. Finally, a model for further evaluation of group psychotherapy is outlined developing personal construct methodology within a group setting. PMID- 6626481 TI - The representation of transference through serial grids: a methodological study. AB - During a patient's psychotherapy serial grids were collected so that aspects of 'transference' defined as the interrelationships of dyadic elements such as 'me now with the therapist', 'me with father when I was a child' could be measured. By forming composite grids of the same two elements from each testing occasion, changes could be traced over time. Content analysis of tape-recordings of the sessions showed that changes on the grid measures could be related to the therapist's interventions. The correlations obtained suggest a process of delayed reconceptualization by the subject. PMID- 6626482 TI - Equivalence of grid forms: a case report. PMID- 6626484 TI - Religious patients in psychotherapy: comments on Mester & Klein (1981) 'The young Jewish revivalist'. PMID- 6626483 TI - Locus of control and cognitive behaviour therapy with mastectomy patients: a pilot study. AB - A cognitive behaviour therapy programme was designed for use with mastectomy patients, and a pilot study performed to test the efficacy of the programme. This article reports the locus of control data collected during the pilot study and the relationship between these data and the clinical assessment measures. Lower chance scores at pre-treatment are associated with greater clinical improvement as predicted. Surprisingly, however, there is an increase in chance scores over treatment although this disappears at follow-up. Patients who also received medication scored higher on internal control than those who did not. These results are discussed and it was concluded that antidepressant medication may assist the cognitive therapy programme. PMID- 6626485 TI - Methodological chauvinism in the philosophy of science. PMID- 6626486 TI - Recurrent abortion--a review. PMID- 6626487 TI - The prediction of preterm labour by recording spontaneous antenatal uterine activity. AB - The recording of spontaneous antenatal uterine activity was assessed as a predictor of preterm labour in a group of patients considered at high risk on the basis of a past history of preterm delivery. The recording of individual uterine contractions greater than or equal to 15 mmHg between 20 and 28 weeks gestation was found to be useful for the prediction of preterm labour in this high risk group. PMID- 6626488 TI - Antenatal oestradiol and progesterone concentrations in patients subsequently having preterm labour. AB - Plasma levels of oestradiol and progesterone were measured in patients with a history of preterm labour but otherwise uncomplicated pregnancies who subsequently had a preterm labour. The plasma hormone levels were found to lie within the normal range, suggesting that the peripheral levels of these hormones do not play a role in the onset of labour before term. PMID- 6626489 TI - Obstetric characteristics in different racial groups. AB - A detailed analysis of 2632 consecutive pregnancies in white, black and Asian women, who were delivered during the period 1978 to 1980, found significant differences between the three ethnic groups. Asian primiparae had the longest first and second stages of labour, with the highest incidence of prolonged latent phase (14%) and primary dysfunctional labour (30%). Black primiparae and multiparae had the highest incidence of secondary arrest in the first stage of labour (10% and 4% respectively) and of primary dysfunctional labour, with the greatest recourse to emergency caesarean section (13% and 4% respectively). The mean birthweight for singletons born between 37 and 42 weeks was 3.37 kg for white babies, 3.25 kg for black babies and 3.14 kg for Asian babies. There was no racial difference in perinatal mortality or morbidity in this survey. PMID- 6626490 TI - Non-consummation of marriage treated by members of the Institute of Psychosexual Medicine: a prospective study. AB - A prospective study of the treatment of unconsummated marriage was carried out by 16 doctors trained by the Institute of Psychosexual Medicine. This training stresses the development of skills in using the doctor/patient interaction therapeutically, rather than in the acquisition of knowledge. The 159 couples admitted to the study had a mean duration of symptoms of 4.2 years; 60% of them had consummated by 6 months and 72% by 24 months. Other improvements in sexual function occurred even among those failing to consummate; 135 couples had previously consulted 253 other agents. The average cumulative length of treatment at the 6-month review was 3 h. Partners attending alone did as well as couples who attended together. PMID- 6626491 TI - Cardiotocographic changes after external cephalic version. AB - Cardiotocographic tracings before and after 53 attempts at external cephalic version (ECV) in 52 patients were analysed. Hexoprenaline (Ipradol) was used to facilitate ECV in 25 of the 53 attempts. There was a significant decrease in fetal movements and fetal heart rate (FHR) variability and reactivity after external cephalic version; temporary baseline bradycardia occurred in five patients. The most likely explanation for the changes observed is that they represent the fetal response to a period of stress caused by decreased uteroplacental blood flow during the procedure. PMID- 6626492 TI - Increased decidual prostaglandin E concentration in human abortion. AB - Prostaglandin E (PGE) concentration was measured in decidual tissue after spontaneous and missed abortion and compared with that obtained from induced abortion. Tissues were obtained by curettage from groups of 10 patients each and PGE was estimated by radioimmunoassay. After spontaneous and missed abortions decidual tissue contained significantly higher mean concentrations of PGE, (486.3 and 66.7 ng/g wet tissue respectively) than after induced abortion (18.6 ng PGE/g wet tissue). It is suggested that an increased rate of PGE biosynthesis or reduced breakdown, or both, may play a role in the mechanism of human abortion. PMID- 6626493 TI - Excretion of oxprenolol and timolol in breast milk. AB - The excretion of oxprenolol and timolol in breast milk was examined by comparing their concentrations in milk with those in plasma. The mean milk to plasma ratio of oxprenolol was 0.29 (SD 0.14; that for timolol was 0.80 (SD 0.21). The total quantity of either drug ingested by a fully breast-fed infant is unlikely to be therapeutically significant. PMID- 6626494 TI - Left ventricular aneurysm complicating acute myocardial infarction occurring during pregnancy. Case report. PMID- 6626495 TI - Vitamin D metabolism in normal and hypoparathyroid pregnancy and lactation. Case report. AB - Plasma concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in 17 non-pregnant women, 22 pregnant women at delivery, and in eight lactating women 3 and 16 days after delivery, were compared with those in a postpartum hypoparathyroid patient treated with 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D (1 alpha-OHD). The mean concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2 D] was 203 (SD 61) pmol/l in the pregnant, and 86 (SD 27) pmol/l in the non-pregnant women (P less than 0.0005). The levels 3 and 16 days after delivery were similar [57 (11) compared with 62 (19) pmol/l], and lower than the non-pregnant value (P less than 0.01). The 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) concentration remained unchanged between the 3rd and 16th days after delivery, whereas the 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25-(OH)2D] level increased from 2.7 (SD 1.8) to 3.7 (SD 2.3) nmol/l (P less than 0.025). The patient temporarily required an increased supplement of l alpha-OHD during pregnancy, but a dose which was appropriate before pregnancy resulted in marked hypercalcaemia and a rise of 1,25-(OH)2D concentration within 16 days of delivery despite lactation. The results suggest that the metabolic need for the active vitamin D metabolite 1,25-(OH)2D is increased during pregnancy and rapidly reduced during early lactation in healthy and hypoparathyroid women. PMID- 6626496 TI - Severe ovarian hyperstimulation after clomiphene citrate in a hypothyroid patient. Case report. PMID- 6626497 TI - Vasopressin: mediator of the clinical signs of fetal distress. PMID- 6626498 TI - Oxytocin deficiency at delivery with epidural analgesia. PMID- 6626499 TI - Unfolding pathway of myoglobin. Evidence for a multistate process. AB - The free energy of unfolding of horse myoglobin has been calculated from the denaturation pattern induced by guanidine hydrochloride as well as by acid. The delta GH2O, i.e., the value in the absence of denaturant obtained by using the two-state transition model, was found to be 25% lower than that determined from the acid denaturation pattern, i.e., 12.0 kcal/mol, although the extent of protein denaturation produced by acid was much lower. The amount of helical structure surviving the acid-induced conformational change was estimated to be 50% of that present in the native protein, and it could be destroyed only after exposure of myoglobin samples kept at pH 3.0 to concentrated guanidine. From the guanidine denaturation pattern at acidic pH, a further variation of free energy of unfolding of 5.5 kcal/mol could be calculated, thus indicating that the overall free energy of unfolding determined from the two consecutive processes corresponds to 17.5 kcal/mol. The discrepancy between the two sets of data, i.e., guanidine unfolding at neutral pH and acid unfolding followed by addition of denaturant, has been considered to depend on the general assumption that the guanidine unfolding of myoglobin is a two-state process in the transition region. According to the recent experimental evidence showing the occurrence of at least two molecular events during the guanidine unfolding of apomyoglobin [Colonna, G., Balestrieri, C., Bismuto, E., Servillo, L., & Irace, G. (1982) Biochemistry 21, 212-215], the guanidine denaturation pattern of myoglobin was analyzed in terms of two independent steps.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6626500 TI - Mechanism of action of thrombin on fibrinogen. Kinetic evidence for involvement of aspartic acid at position P10. AB - The following peptide was synthesized by classical methods in solution: Ac-Asp Phe-Leu-Ala-Glu-Gly-Gly-Gly-Val-Arg-Gly-Pro-Arg-Val-NHCH3 (F-8). The Michaelis Menten parameters for the hydrolysis of the Arg-Gly bond in F-8 by thrombin were determined to be Kcat = 31 X 10(-11) M [(NIH unit/L) s]-1 and KM = 310 X 10(-6) M. Comparison of these values with those determined previously for native fibrinogen and for a series of similar synthetic peptides, together with information about the amino acid sequences of this portion of the A alpha chain of abnormal fibrinogens, suggests an important role for Asp at position P10. Differences in the Michaelis-Menten parameters between F-8 and the 51-residue N terminal CNBr fragment of the A alpha chain of fibrinogen correspond to only 1-2 kcal/mol in binding affinity. PMID- 6626501 TI - Urea--DNA glycosylase in mammalian cells. AB - Urea-DNA glycosylase, an enzyme presumed to be active in the repair of DNA damage caused by oxidizing agents, has been identified previously in Escherichia coli. This enzyme has now been shown to be present in cell extracts of calf thymus and human fibroblasts. It catalyzes the release of free urea from a double-stranded polydeoxyribonucleotide containing thymine residues fragmented by KMnO4 and NaOH treatment. The calf thymus enzyme has been 400-fold purified and largely separated from previously identified mammalian DNA glycosylases. It has a molecular weight of about 25 000 and requires no cofactors. The identity of the enzymatically released product as unsubstituted urea has been verified by its susceptibility to urease. PMID- 6626502 TI - Equilibrium studies on the interaction of daunomycin with deoxypolynucleotides. AB - Fluorescence and absorbance methods were used to study the interaction of daunomycin with four deoxypolynucleotides. The binding may be described by the neighbor-exclusion model for binding ratios greater than 0.05, with intrinsic binding constants decreasing in the order poly[d(A-T)] X poly[d(A-T)] greater than poly[d(G-C)] X poly[d(G-C)] greater than poly(dG) X poly(dC) greater than poly(dA) X poly(dT). The exclusion parameter was found to be approximately 2 for the A-T-containing polynucleotides, 4 for the alternating G-C polymer, and nearly 10 for poly(dG) X poly(dC). Poly(dA) X poly(dT) showed positive cooperativity at low binding ratios. Thermal denaturation studies provided quantitative support for the measured binding parameters; the delta Tm values measured may be correlated primarily with the differences seen in the exclusion parameter. Sedimentation velocity experiments on daunomycin-deoxypolynucleotide complexes show an unusual nonlinear dependence of Sapp on the binding ratio for poly[d(A T)] X poly[d(A-T)], poly[d(G-C)] X poly[d(G-C)], and poly(dA) X poly(dT), indicative of either a nonstandard conformational change accompanying intercalation or cooperative drug binding. PMID- 6626503 TI - Poly(8-methyladenylic acid): a single-stranded regular structure with alternating syn-anti conformations. AB - Poly(8-methyladenylic acid) has been prepared by chemical synthesis of 8 methyladenosine 5'-diphosphate and enzymatic polymerization with polynucleotide phosphorylase. The polymer exhibits a large hypochromism and cooperative melting in neutral solution. The transition temperature is independent of salt concentration at moderate ionic strength and decreases slightly at high salt. The adenine ring vibration at 1626 cm-1 is independent of temperature. A high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum is observed near the bottom of the melting range. The chemical shift of the H2 proton exhibits a large upfield shift in the ordered form, and the temperature profile of H2 is cooperative and congruent with the UV melting curve. The CH3 proton signal, in striking contrast to H2, is independent of temperature. These results support a regular, single stranded helix in the ordered form, in contrast to both poly(adenylic acid) and poly(8-bromoadenylic acid). We suggest that the contrasting temperature dependence of the H2 and CH3 proton signals can be accounted for by regularly alternating syn and anti conformations of the 8-methyladenylic acid residues. PMID- 6626504 TI - Kinetics of fibrin oligomer formation observed by electron microscopy. AB - Fibrin oligomers, obtained by interrupting the polymerization of fibrinogen at early stages with a thrombin inhibitor, were examined by electron microscopy. The lengths of the various oligomers were determined and histograms were constructed to show their distribution. The length distribution agreed with a theory based on the assumption that thrombin releases the second A peptide more rapidly than the first, with a ratio of the release rates for the two peptides which is qualitatively in agreement with that deduced from oligomer size distributions obtained by agarose gel electrophoresis. PMID- 6626505 TI - Characterization of a homogeneous complex of arginyl- and lysyl-tRNA synthetase: zinc and adenosine 5'-phosphate dependent synthesis of diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P4 tetraphosphate. AB - Zinc, adenosine 5'-phosphate (AMP), and pyrophosphatase greatly stimulate the synthesis of diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (Ap4A) by rat liver lysyl tRNA synthetase. The synthesis of Ap4A does not require lysine; thus the lysyl adenylate complex is not required. The substrates have been determined to be adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and AMP with apparent Km values of 2.1 mM and 1.5 mM, respectively. A zinc-dependent hydrolysis of ATP and AMP has been shown to be associated with the synthetase. In the presence of zinc there is a direct correlation between both the amount of AMP formed and the amount of Ap4A synthesized by lysyl-tRNA synthetase. Ap4A acts as a competitive inhibitor for ATP in the aminoacylation reaction of lysyl-tRNA synthetase with a KI of 2.5 microM. Concentrations of Ap4A up to 12.5 microM do not inhibit the synthesis of Ap4A by lysyl-tRNA synthetase. This suggests that there may be more than one binding site for ATP on the enzyme. PMID- 6626506 TI - Use of lanthanide-induced nuclear magnetic resonance shifts for determination of protein structure in solution: EF calcium binding site of carp parvalbumin. AB - The binding of the paramagnetic lanthanide ion ytterbium to the calcium binding protein carp parvalbumin results in a series of 1H NMR resonances which are shifted far outside the envelope of the 1H NMR spectrum of the diamagnetic form of the protein; bound Yb3+ also induces shifts in the 13C NMR spectrum of parvalbumin and in the 113Cd NMR spectrum of cadmium-substituted parvalbumin. The interpretation of these lanthanide-shifted resonances in terms of the structure of the protein surrounding the metal binding site requires the determination of the orientation and principal elements of the magnetic susceptibility tensor of the protein-bound Yb3+ ion. A previous comparison [Lee, L., & Sykes, B. D. (1982) Biomolecular Structure Determination by NMR (Bothner-By, A. A., Glickson, J. D., & Sykes, B. D., Eds.) pp 169-188, Marcel Dekker, New York] of the observed Yb3+ shifted 1H NMR spectrum of parvalbumin with a calculated spectrum, based upon the X-ray structure and an initial determination of the magnetic susceptibility tensor, led to the conclusion that there were significant differences between the solution and X-ray structures. In this paper, the magnetic susceptibility tensor has been reevaluated with the aid of newly assigned 13C and 113Cd NMR resonances. The agreement between the calculated and observed spectra is now close overall. PMID- 6626507 TI - Resonance Raman studies of carbon monoxide binding to iron "picket fence" porphyrin with unhindered and hindered axial bases. An inverse relationship between binding affinity and the strength of iron-carbon bond. AB - The stretching frequency of the iron-carbon bond, v(Fe-CO), is a direct measure of the iron-carbon bond strength when there is no change in the Fe-C-O geometry. Here we report resonance Raman detection of v(Fe-CO) frequencies in the CO complexes of iron (II) alpha, alpha, alpha, alpha-mesotetrakis(o pivalamidophenyl)porphyrin, FeII(TpivPP), with trans ligands of varying strength: N-methylimidazole (N-MeIm), 1,2-dimethylimidazole (1,2-Me2Im), pyridine (py), and tetrahydrofuran (THF). It was found that the weaker the iron-trans ligand bond, the stronger the iron-carbon bond. Comparisons of sterically hindered (1,2-Me2Im) and unhindered (N-MeIm) bases are of particular interest because of their implication in the phenomenon of hemoglobin cooperativity and the mechanisms of protein control of heme reactivity. While the CO binding affinity of FeII(TpivPP)(1,2-MeIm) is approximately 400 times lower than that of FeII(TpivPP)(N-MeIm), the v(Fe-CO) frequency for the former (at 496 cm-1) is higher than that for the latter (at 489 cm-1). This example shows that the CO binding affinity cannot be directly correlated with the strength of the iron carbon bond. Comparison of the CO binding to FeII(TpivPP)(THF) and FeII(TpivPP)(N MeIm) reveals a similar relationship; the v(Fe-CO) frequency (at 527 cm-1) in FeII(TpivPP)(THF)(CO) is 38 cm-1 higher than that in FeII(TpivPP)(N-MeIm)(CO), but the CO binding affinity is lower for the THF complex. PMID- 6626508 TI - Effects of 2-hydroxy-3-undecyl-1,4-naphthoquinone on respiration of electron transport particles and mitochondria: topographical location of the Rieske iron sulfur protein and the quinone binding site. AB - 2-Hydroxy-3-undecyl-1,4-naphthoquinone is a quinone analogue that inhibits mitochondrial respiration in the cytochrome b-c1 region with an apparent Ki of 2.5 X 10(-7) M. In electron transport particles, it prevents the reduction of cytochrome c1 by succinate but not its oxidation by oxygen and prevents oxidation of cytochrome b but not its reduction by succinate. The analogue increases the amount of steady-state cytochrome b reduction in actively respiring particles. It inhibits oxidant-induced reduction of cytochrome b in the presence of antimycin. Inhibition of succinate oxidase activity in electron transport particles is independent of the pH of the suspending medium while at pH values above 8 with mitochondria, inhibition decreases. Since the apparent pK of the bound quinone is pH 6.6, the pH dependency of the inhibition is likely due to the pK of the Rieske iron-sulfur center (pH 8). The Rieske center and thus the quinone binding site are located on the cytoplasmic face of the inner membrane. PMID- 6626509 TI - Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase from rabbit muscle. Kinetic resolution of the enamine phosphate from the enamine-aldehyde intermediate at low temperature. AB - At or below -12 degrees C and in the presence of 40% ethylene glycol, only two out of the four dihydroxyacetone phosphate binding sites of aldolase are catalytically active. At these same temperatures and at pH* 8.3, the equilibrium between the pre-enamine and the enamine plus the post-enamine intermediates is largely shifted in favor of the latter. The enamine phosphate and the enamine aldehyde phosphate intermediates have been resolved by studying the rate of their formation at -13 degrees C and pH* 5.28 and the trapping by DL-glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate at -24 degrees C and pH* 5.24. PMID- 6626510 TI - Applicability of the induced-fit model to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from sturgeon muscle. Study of the binding of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide 8-bromoadenine dinucleotide. AB - A new method of calculation, based on a direct fitting of the protein fluorescence intensity observed upon coenzyme binding (H.-P. Lutz, unpublished results), is used to study the negative cooperative behavior of glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase from sturgeon muscle. The calculation procedure simultaneously elaborates data obtained for four different protein concentrations, and it is able to compare different models by computing the minimal and critical sum of squares. Using this approach, it is shown that the induced-fit model [Koshland, D. E., Jr., Nemethy, G., & Filmer, D. (1966) Biochemistry 5,365] and the dimer of dimer model [Malhotra, O. P., & Bernhard, S. A. (1968) J. Biol. Chem. 243, 1243-1252] can both be applied for explaining the negative cooperativity observed upon coenzyme binding to sturgeon glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. In addition to the progressive modification of the binding affinity during ligand binding, different maximal fluorescence quenchings for the binding steps must be postulated; and furthermore, the binding capability decreases by decreasing the protein concentration. The fact that the induced-fit model can also be applied is rather in contradiction with the view generally accepted of a dimer of dimer structure of sturgeon glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. By use of the same approach, nicotinamide 8-bromoadenine dinucleotide is shown to bind to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from sturgeon in a negative cooperative manner. PMID- 6626511 TI - Redox potentials of the flavoprotein lactate oxidase. AB - The redox potentials for both electron transfers for the enzyme lactate oxidase have been measured at pH 7.0 in 0.01 M imidazole buffer at 25 degrees C. Methylviologen is the electrochemically generated reducing agent capable of transferring both electrons to the enzyme in this spectroelectrochemical experiment. The E0' values are as follows: for EFlox + e- = EFl-., E0'1 = -0.067 +/- 0.006 V; for EFl-. + e- + H+ = EFlredH-, E0'2 = -0.231 +/- 0.004 V. All potentials are reported vs. the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE). Both electron transfers are reversible. Consistent with the 164-mV potential separation, 95% of the enzyme anion radical is thermodynamically stabilized at half-reduction in all experiments. PMID- 6626512 TI - Chemical inducers of differentiation cause conformational changes in the chromatin and deoxyribonucleic acid of murine erythroleukemia cells. AB - The chemical inducers of murine erythroleukemia cell differentiation, dimethyl sulfoxide, sodium butyrate, and ethionine, elicited conformational changes in the DNA and chromatin of treated cells. The chromatin from dimethyl sulfoxide treated and butyrate-treated cells exhibited circular dichroic spectra different from that of the noninduced control. The molar ellipticity [theta]282.5 in isotonic saline decreased from 4900 deg X cm2 X dmol-1 for control chromatin to 3800 and 3600 deg X cm2 X dmol-1 for dimethyl sulfoxide treated and butyrate-treated chromatin, respectively, while that from ethionine-treated chromatin remained virtually unchanged (5400 deg X cm2 X dmol-1). Increasing the ionic strength to 2.5 or 5 M with NaCl resulted in a substantial, uniform, decrease in molar ellipticity. Thermal denaturation profiles of high molecular weight DNA prepared from each of the inducer-treated cells showed a pronounced hyperchromic shift but no change in Tm when compared to control DNA. Circular dichroic spectra of the DNA indicated a decrease in ellipticity [theta]277 from 9600 deg X cm2 X dmol-1 to 8900, 8300, and 8800 deg X cm2 X dmol-1 for ethionine, dimethyl sulfoxide, and butyrate treated cells, respectively. Treatment of the DNA with 3 M NaCl canceled the UV and CD differences. These measurements indicate an increased stacking of bases or an increased compactness of the DNA from induced cells. Concomitant with specific modifications such as hypomethylation of DNA, the data can be interpreted in terms of conformational changes in chromatin resulting from core histone acetylation. PMID- 6626513 TI - Resonance Raman detection of Fe-CO stretching and Fe-C-O bending vibrations in sterically hindered carbonmonoxy "strapped hemes". A structural probe of Fe-C-O distortion. AB - We report resonance Raman studies of the Fe-C-O distortion in sterically hindered heme-CO complexes. The steric hindrance is provided by a hydrocarbon chain strapped across one face of the heme. Increasing the steric hindrance (by decreasing the chain length), which reduces the CO binding affinity, is found to increase the Fe-CO stretching frequencies: heme 5 (unstrapped), 495 cm-1; FeSP 15, 509 cm-1; FeSP-14, 512 cm-1; FeSP-13, 514 cm-1. This is interpreted in terms of a decrease in the CO effective mass and increased interactions between the C atom of CO and the N atom(s) of the pyrrole ring(s). Resonance Raman enhancement of the Fe-C-O bending mode upon Soret excitation may be correlated with the overlap between the porphyrin (pi*) and CO (pi*) orbitals when the CO ligand is tilted. Its intensity relative to that of the Fe-CO stretching mode increases with increasing steric hindrance in these "strapped hemes". In addition, we have estimated the Fe-C-O angles from isotope data in various heme-CO complexes. It is inferred that the angles are 167 +/- 5 degrees (FeSP-15) and 175 +/- 5 degrees (FeSP-14, FeSP-13, Mb X CO, and Hb X CO). PMID- 6626514 TI - Differentiation of enzyme and substrate binding in the prothrombinase complex. AB - The Ca2+ dependence of factor Xa binding to phospholipid vesicles was measured in the presence and absence of factor Va. The increase in polarization of a fluorescently labeled derivative of factor Xa, [5-(dimethylamino)-1 naphthalenesulfonyl] glutamylglycylarginyl factor Xa (Dns-EGR-Xa), was used as a probe to measure the interaction of factor Xa with phospholipid. The Ca2+ concentration required for half-maximal binding of Dns-EGR-Xa to phospholipid vesicles was 3.5 X 10(-4) M in the presence of factor Va and 9.5 X 10(-4) M in the absence of factor Va. At a Ca2+ concentration of 5 X 10(-4) M, the binding of Dns-EGR-Xa to phospholipid-bound factor Va was near maximal, whereas there was no detectable interaction of Dns-EGR-Xa with phospholipid alone at this Ca2+ concentration as detected by fluorescence polarization. These results were qualitatively confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The rate of hydrolysis of the factor Xa synthetic substrate, benzoylisoleucylglutamylglycylarginine p-nitroanilide, by factor Xa in the presence of factor Va and phospholipid decreased in a Ca2+-dependent manner. These data were analyzed as fraction of factor Xa bound to the phospholipid. A Ca2+ concentration of 2.7 X 10(-4) M resulted in half-maximal binding by this technique. The relationship observed between rates of prothrombin activation and Ca2+ concentration could be predicted quantitatively from calculations of local enzyme and substrate concentrations. PMID- 6626515 TI - Physical properties and function of phallolysin. AB - Phallolysin, a mixture of two to three cytolytic proteins (all of Mr 34 000), has been isolated from Amanita phalloides mushrooms and purified to homogeneity (specific activity 24 000 hemolytic units/mg of protein). After separation by isoelectric focusing, the amino acid composition of two of these proteins has been determined. They are rich in water-soluble amino acids and contain one tryptophan residue each, but no cysteine or methionine. Mr was determined to be 34 000 in the native form as well as under denaturing conditions, indicating that the native proteins exist as monomers. Many of the physical properties of phallolysin are strikingly similar to those of staphylococcal alpha-toxin, e.g., molecular weight, existence of multiple forms, pI values, amino acid composition, and thermolability (60 degrees C). Pure phallolysin allowed us to prepare a radioactively labeled toxin. Labeling was achieved by reaction with formaldehyde, followed by reduction with sodium [3H]borohydride. With the labeled toxin (specific activity 7-14 Ci/mmol, ca. 60% biological activity), we investigated its binding to human A2 erythrocytes. We determined the number of receptors on these cells (2 X 10(4) per cell) as well as their affinity to the toxin (KD = 4 X 10(-9) M). In studies on the mechanism of cytolytic activity, we were able to distinguish at least three sequential events: binding of the toxin to human erythrocytes, K+ release, and membrane rupture (hemoglobulin release). These steps could be characterized by different kinetics as well as by different temperature dependencies. Again, the kinetic data for phallolysin are very closely related to those obtained for staphylococcal alpha-toxin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6626516 TI - Chain length dependent modification of lipid organization by low levels of 25 hydroxycholesterol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. A laser Raman study. AB - We have used Raman spectroscopy to investigate the thermal transitions of multibilayered liposomes composed of lecithins, i.e., dilauroyllecithin, dimyristoyllecithin, dipalmitoyllecithin, distearoyllecithin, or egg lecithin, plus 5-cholesten-3,25-diol (25-hydroxycholesterol), 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, and vitamin D3. We recorded the CH-stretching (2800-3000-cm-1) regions of the Raman spectra at various temperatures and employed plots of temperature vs. the intensity of the 2880- or 2930-cm-1 bands relative to that of the 2850-cm-1 feature, i.e., the ratios I2880/I2850 and I2930/I2850, to estimate thermal transitions. These plots show multiple discontinuities, each of which may be ascribed to a state change of a separate phase with distinctive proportions of lecithins and cholesterol derivatives. Low concentrations of 25 hydroxycholesterol and 25-OH-D3 (greater than or equal to 0.2 mol%) abolish the pretransition and split the main transitions of dilauroyllecithin (4 degrees C) and dimyristoyllecithin (23 degrees C) into two. The midpoint of the new small transition centers at about 3-4 degrees C lower than those of the respective main transitions of dilauroyllecithin and dimyristoyllecithin. A further increase in the molar ratio of 25-hydroxycholesterol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol decreases the amplitudes of the new and the main transitions (dilauroyl- and dimyristoyllecithin). The transitions of dipalmitoyllecithin and distearoyllecithin at 2 mol % concentrations of either sterol remain unaffected. There was no splitting in the main transition of either dipalmitoyllecithin or distearoyllecithin in the presence of these sterols. The perturbing effect of the 25-hydroxysterols follows the order dilauroyllecithin greater than dimyristoyllecithin greater than dipalmitoyllecithin greater than distearoyllecithin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6626517 TI - In vitro reconstitution of 35S ribonucleoprotein complexes. AB - Ribonucleoprotein complexes (hnRNP) sedimenting at 30-40 S and containing fragments of heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) have been extracted from HeLa cell nuclei. Besides hnRNA fragments (8-12 S), the complexes contain eight mostly basic core proteins of Mr 31 000-41 000 as shown by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Other proteins (mostly of higher molecular weight) seem to be peripherally associated since they are lost after pelleting and recentrifugation of the hnRNP complexes. The particle dissociates into its protein components after digestion of the endogenous hnRNA fragments by micrococcal nuclease. After inactivation of the nuclease and addition of a wide variety of exogenous RNAs [MS2 phage RNA, poly(U), poly(C), poly(A), and poly(A,U)], a RNP particle is re formed which resembles the native hnRNP complex according to its sedimentation value (35 S), its appearance in the electron microscope, its density in metrizamide, and its protein composition. No particles are formed on double stranded RNA [poly(A) . poly(U)] or native DNA whereas denatured DNA allows complex formation. On MS2 RNA (3569 nucleotides), the formation of tri- and tetrameric complexes is observed. This indicates the presence of 900-1200 nucleotides per particle. In vivo, 40S hnRNP particles are a unit component of larger RNP structures. Hence, we conclude from our results that the hnRNP core proteins have the intrinsic capability to associate with nascent single-stranded hnRNA regions to form these RNP complexes. Because of the lack of any sequence specificity, the complexes may function in packaging of the hnRNA and in connection with other nuclear components may provide a scaffold for subsequent processing reactions. PMID- 6626518 TI - Copolymerization of tubulin-colchicine complex and unliganded tubulin in a nonmicrotubular polymer. AB - We have shown previously [Saltarelli, D., & Pantaloni, D. (1982) Biochemistry 21, 2996-3006] that the tubulin-colchicine complex is able to polymerize in vitro into peculiar "curly" polymers, under the solution conditions permitting polymerization of unliganded tubulin into microtubules. Here it is further demonstrated that unliganded tubulin can be incorporated into these "curly" polymers. The partial critical concentration of tubulin-colchicine is decreased upon incorporation of unliganded tubulin into the copolymer. GTP hydrolysis occurs on unliganded tubulin upon incorporation in the copolymer. Tubulin podophyllotoxin does not copolymerize with tubulin-colchicine to form a large polymer but interacts with it, preventing tubulin-colchicine polymerization. The data have been analyzed within a model of random copolymerization of unliganded tubulin and tubulin-colchicine into "curly" polymers. A corollary is that unliganded tubulin is virtually able to self-assemble into curly polymers with a critical concentration 10-fold higher than the critical concentration found for microtubule assembly. Consequently, these peculiar tubulin homopolymers cannot be observed except as transients at high concentrations, or when microtubule assembly is inhibited. Kinetic measurements of the T-TC copolymerization process and associated GTP hydrolysis at different T/TC ratios provide supplementary information about some privileged interactions between tubulin and tubulin colchicine molecules. A comprehensive phase diagram of the various possible polymers formed in the presence of tubulin and tubulin-colchicine is presented. PMID- 6626519 TI - Phosphonamidates as transition-state analogue inhibitors of thermolysin. AB - Six phosphorus-containing peptide analogues of the form Cbz-NHCH2PO2--L-Leu-Y (Y = D-Ala, NH2, Gly, L-Phe, L-Ala, L-Leu) have been prepared and evaluated as inhibitors of thermolysin. The Ki values for these compounds range from 1.7 microM to 9.1 nM and correlate well with the Km/kcat values for the corresponding peptide substrates [Morihara, K., & Tsuzuki, H. (1970) Eur. J. Biochem. 15, 374 380] but not with the Km values alone. The correlation noted between inhibitor Ki and substrate Km/kcat is the most extensive one of this type, providing strong evidence that the phosphonamidates are transition-state analogues and not simply multisubstrate ground-state analogues. Cbz-NH2CH2PO2--L-Leu-L-Leu (Ki = 9.1 nM) is the most potent inhibitor yet reported for thermolysin. PMID- 6626520 TI - Rate-limiting step: a quantitative definition. Application to steady-state enzymic reactions. AB - The generality of the concept of a rate-limiting step in enzymic reactions recently has been questioned [Northrop, D. B. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 4056-4061] because, in simulated isotopic experiments, alterations of the step identified as rate limiting by current definitions do not consistently affect Vmax in the expected manner. In this paper a definition for a rate-limiting step is posed that eliminates such inconsistencies while the thrust of the original concept is retained. Thus, for any steady-state process involving a linear reaction sequence the rate-limiting step is taken as the "most sensitive" step, or the step which, if perturbed, causes the largest change in overall velocity, v. In both V and V/K enzymic systems the most sensitive step is identified by the relative magnitude of the sensitivity function, SFj, for the various forward steps. If forward steps are identified by kj, SFj is equal to delta(1/v)/[delta(1/kj)/(1/kj)], when the equilibrium constant for the step involving kj is maintained constant. The corresponding sensitivity index, SIj, is a normalized function of SFj (the normalizing factor is v) such that the sum of the values for SIj is equal to 1. In addition, there is an exact relationship between the sensitivity index for the isotopic step and the fraction of the intrinsic isotopic effect that is expressed in the overall rate of the reaction (when the intrinsic effect is taken as the fractional difference in reciprocal rate constant produced by the isotope). A procedure is described for approximating the sensitivity function for the various steps in a reaction sequence on the basis of the Gibbs energy profile for that reaction and thus identifying the most sensitive step. This approach also is used to consider the general question of whether a rate-limiting step should be specified for a multistep enzymic reaction. Identifying the rate-limiting step as the most sensitive step in a reaction sequence means that no aspect of the concept of minimal rate should be automatically considered as a property of a rate-limiting step. PMID- 6626521 TI - Kinetic mechanism of the reaction catalyzed by nuclear histone acetyltransferase from calf thymus. AB - The kinetic mechanism for calf thymus histone acetyltransferase A has been determined from the initial velocity studies. The kinetic patterns at low substrate concentrations suggest that the reaction proceeds via two half reactions as in a ping-pong pathway with the formation of an acetyl-enzyme intermediate. Such acetyl-enzyme has been isolated and found to be chemically competent. In addition, product inhibition patterns by coenzyme A are consistent with a hybrid ping-pong mechanism. These findings indicate that the acetyltransferase A from calf thymus has two separate and independent binding sites, one for each of the two substrates. Consequently, the mechanism constructed for the acetyltransferase A catalyzed reaction may be described as a double-displacement, two-site ping-pong mechanism. PMID- 6626522 TI - Purification and characterization of bovine hepatic uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase. AB - Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.37) has been purified to homogeneity from bovine liver by using isoelectric and salt precipitations, followed by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, phenyl-Sepharose, hydroxylapatite, and Sephacryl S-200. The purified enzyme is a monomer with an Mr approximately 57 000 and an isoelectric point at pH 4.6. Enzyme activity is optimal in buffers having an ionic strength of approximately 0.1 M and a pH of 6.8. The purified enzyme has a specific activity (expressed as the disappearance of uroporphyrinogen I) of 936 nmol X h-1 X (mg of protein)-1. The purified enzyme catalyzes all four decarboxylation reactions in the conversion of uroporphyrinogen I or III to the corresponding coproporphyrinogen. The rate-limiting step in the physiologically significant conversion of uroporphyrinogen III to coproporphyrinogen III is the decarboxylation of heptacarboxylate III. Kinetic data suggest that the enzyme has at least two noninteracting active sites. At least one sulfhydryl group is required for catalytic activity. The enzyme is inhibited by sulfhydryl-specific reagents and by divalent metal ions including Fe2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Pb2+. The pattern of accumulation of intermediate (hepta-, hexa-, and pentacarboxylate porphyrinogens) and final (coproporphyrinogen) decarboxylation products is affected by the ratio of substrate (uroporphyrinogen I or III) concentration to enzyme concentration. Under physiologic conditions where the uroporphyrinogen to enzyme ratio is low, the substrate is nearly quantitatively decarboxylated, and the major product is coproporphyrinogen. If the ratio of uroporphyrinogen to enzyme is high, intermediates accumulate, and heptacarboxylate porphyrinogen becomes the major decarboxylation product.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6626523 TI - Mechanism of folding of ribonuclease A. Slow refolding is a sequential reaction via structural intermediates. AB - Two models have been proposed to explain the observed folding kinetics of small proteins. The sequential model assumes that folding proceeds on an ordered pathway via structural folding intermediates, whereas the simple model of folding involves only multiple unfolded forms of the protein and a single native state. In the latter model, refolding is limited by interconversion reactions in the unfolded protein; accumulation of structural intermediates during folding is excluded. Here, two experimental tests are presented to discriminate between these models for the major slow folding species of ribonuclease A. The first test shows that a nativelike intermediate accumulates during folding, which unfolds rapidly compared to native ribonuclease A, and the second test demonstrates that refolding is a sequential reaction, resulting in the transient accumulation of an intermediate and in a lag in the formation of fully native protein. Both results rule out the simple model of folding and agree with the sequential model via structural intermediates. The nativelike intermediate is stable toward unfolding and is on the pathway of refolding for denaturant concentrations up to 2 M guanidine hydrochloride at pH 6 and 10 degrees C. PMID- 6626524 TI - Forster energy transfer measurements of thiol 1 to thiol 2 distances in myosin subfragment 1. AB - Forster energy transfer was used to measure the distance between reporter groups on the two reactive thiols of myosin, SH1 and SH2, and to detect changes in this distance upon binding of nucleotide. SH1 was labeled with the fluorophore 5-[[2 [(iodoacetyl)amino]ethyl]amino]naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (1,5-IAEDANS) and SH2 with the chromophoric acceptor N-[4-(dimethylamino)-3,5-dinitrophenyl]-maleimide (DDPM). Peptide studies verified that [3H]-1,5-IAEDANS reacted specifically with SH1, while [14C]DDPM labeled both SH2 and the alkali light chains. The [14C]-DDPM modified alkali light chains were replaced with unmodified light chains by the exchange procedure of Wagner and Weeds [Wagner, P.D., & Weeds, A. G. (1977) J. Mol. Biol. 109, 455-473]. Subfragment 1 labeled with 1,5-IAEDANS and then with DDPM exhibited two fluorescence lifetimes, 20.6 (AEDANS-SF1, unquenched) and 9.3 ns (AEDANS-SF1, quenched by DDPM). The latter lifetime decreased to an average of 2.85 ns after the addition of MgAMP-PNP, MgADP, or MgPPi (no change with MgAMP), indicating that the distance between the donor and acceptor decreased. An R0 of 29 A was calculated for the AEDANS/DDPM system assuming random orientation of the donor/acceptor pair. The decrease in the observed lifetimes upon the addition of Mg nucleotide corresponds to a change in the donor-acceptor distance from 28 to 21-22 A. This observation is consistent with the proposal that nucleotide binding juxtaposes SH1 and SH2 to enhance their cross-linking with various bifunctional reagents [Burke, M., & Reisler, E. (1977) Biochemistry 16, 5559-5563; Wells, J. A., & Yount, R.G. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76, 4966-4970]. PMID- 6626525 TI - Assembly and calcium-induced cooperativity of Limulus IV hemocyanin: a model system for analysis of structure-function relationships in the absence of subunit heterogeneity. AB - Hemocyanins, the high molecular weight copper proteins which serve as oxygen carriers in many arthropods and molluscs, are representative of multisubunit complexes which are capable of reversible dissociation and assembly. Although reversible, in many hemocyanins these processes are not in true thermodynamic equilibria, and it has been suggested that there is "microheterogeneity" among the molecules in solution. An alternative explanation is that their complex behavior is due to the existence of quaternary interactions between structurally distinct types of subunits within the native molecule which have varying pH and ionic strength sensitivity. Limulus IV hemocyanin was used as a model system to examine structure-function relationships in the absence of subunit heterogeneity. Purified subunit IV of Limulus polyphemus hemocyanin is homogeneous by a number of electrophoretic and immunological criteria and is capable of undergoing pH dependent self-assembly into hexamers. The monomer-hexamer transition was found to be an equilibrium whose rate is dependent on the presence or absence of calcium ions. The observation that the assembly of this homopolymer behaves as a true equilibrium suggests that the nonequilibrium dissociation profiles observed for native Limulus hemocyanin are related to the extensive subunit heterogeneity of the native protein. In calcium-containing buffers, the monomer-hexamer transitions of Limulus IV hemocyanin can be described by a cooperative mechanism with approximately six protons per hexamer lost on assembly from acid pH and three protons gained on assembly from alkaline pH. Increased ionic strength or increased temperature favors dissociation. Like the native molecule, Limulus IV hemocyanin behaves as an allosteric protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6626526 TI - Metal ion interactions with Limulus polyphemus and Callinectes sapidus hemocyanins: stoichiometry and structural and functional consequences of calcium(II), cadmium(II), zinc(II), and mercury(II) binding. AB - Hemocyanins are oligomeric metalloproteins containing binuclear copper centers that reversibly combine with oxygen molecules. The structural stability and functional properties of these proteins are modified by divalent cations. Equilibrium dialysis was used to study the reversible interaction of Callinectes sapidus and Limulus polyphemus hemocyanins with the divalent cations calcium, cadmium, zinc, copper, and mercury. The number of binding sites and association constants for each cation were obtained from an analysis of the binding data by a nonlinear least-squares minimization procedure. Spectral analysis showed Limulus hemocyanin to possess two mercury-reactive sulfhydryl groups per subunit (Kassoc = 2.02 X 10(45) M-1). Callinectes hemocyanin contains only one such group (Kassoc = 2.29 X 10(34) M-1). Cadmium and zinc are shown to substitute for calcium ions. Oxygen binding studies with Limulus hemocyanin showed that all five divalent metal ions increase its oxygen affinity. Calcium ions increase cooperativity of oxygen binding, while heavy-metal ions have an opposite effect. Binding of two mercuric ions per Limulus hemocyanin subunit irreversibly fixes the 48 subunit aggregate in a high-affinity noncooperative conformational state. These results offer a striking contrast to the functional consequences of heavy-metal ion interactions with Callinectes hemocyanin [Brouwer, M., Bonaventura, C., & Bonaventura, J. (1982) Biochemistry 21, 2529-2538]. The functional alterations associated with metal ion interactions are discussed within the context of an extension of the two-state model for allosteric transitions of Monod et al. [Monod, J., Wyman, J., & Changeux, J.P. (1965) J. Mol. Biol. 12, 88-118]. Incubation of Limulus oxy- or deoxyhemocyanin with mercuric chloride results in the conversion of 60% of the binuclear copper sites to stable half-apo sites. The remaining active sites are stable with respect to mercury-induced copper displacement when oxygen is bridging both coppers. In the absence of oxygen these sites will eventually lose both copper atoms. Under the same conditions 50% of the binuclear copper sites of Callinectes deoxyhemocyanin are converted to half apo sites. In this case oxygen completely protects against copper displacement [Brouwer, M., Bonaventura, C., & Bonaventura, J. (1982) Biochemistry 21, 2529 2538]. The binuclear copper center of Busycon carica is not affected at all, demonstrating profound differences between the active sites of hemocyanins of a chelicerate arthropod (Limulus), a crustacean arthropod (Callinectes), and a gastropod mollusc (Busycon). PMID- 6626527 TI - Interaction of R17 coat protein with synthetic variants of its ribonucleic acid binding site. AB - The specificity of the interaction between R17 coat protein and its site of translational repression on R17 RNA was studied by enzymatically synthesizing 23 sequence variants of the RNA binding site and measuring their affinity to the coat protein by a nitrocellulose filter binding assay. Experiments using oligomers truncated on the 3' and 5' termini allowed precise determination of the edges of the binding domain. Several oligomers which disrupted one or more of the base pairs in the binding site failed to bind coat protein, establishing the importance of RNA secondary structure for the interaction. Substitution at two single-stranded positions with each of the common bases affected Ka very differently. In one case, Ka was reduced substantially no matter which base was substituted for an adenine. At the other position, when a uracil was substituted with a purine, Ka decreased 10-100-fold, whereas when it was substituted by a cytosine, Ka increased about 5-fold. These studies indicate that the protein and the RNA hairpin loop interact over an extensive area and that several different types of contacts form to stabilize the complex. PMID- 6626528 TI - On the determination of deoxyribonucleic acid-protein interaction parameters using the nitrocellulose filter-binding assay. AB - We examine the effects of filter efficiency on DNA-protein binding data obtained by the popular nitrocellulose filter-binding assay. Graphical procedures for determining the efficiency parameter epsilon (for the efficiency of retention of DNA on the filter, per bound protein molecule) are established. Filter efficiency modified formulas for determining thermodynamic binding parameters are derived for four simple prototypes of DNA-protein binding systems. The effects of experimental error on discrimination between models are considered. Finally, we discuss conceptual errors often made in calculating binding stoichiometry from filter-binding experiments and suggest a general protocol for the analysis of filter-binding data. PMID- 6626529 TI - Conformational characteristics of deoxyribonucleic acid-butylamine complexes with C-type circular dichroism spectra. 1. An X-ray fiber diffraction study. AB - A set of complexes of calf thymus DNA and n-butylamine, covalently cross-linked to the DNA bases with CH2O, has been examined by X-ray diffraction. The attachment of this amine to DNA has been previously shown to result in a profound reduction of the rotational strength of the positive band above 260 nm in the circular dichroism (CD) spectrum in 20 mM NaCl, pH 7, without changing any of the properties which are characteristic of a native base-stacked duplex [Chen, C., Kilkuskie, R., & Hanlon, S. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 4987]. In 20 mM NaCl, pH 7, substitution levels of 0-0.15 mol of amine/mol of nucleotide are sufficient to produce a family of CD spectra which range from the conservative one normally seen for protein-free DNA in this solvent to the nonconservative one ascribed to the C form of DNA [Hanlon, S., Brudno, S., Wu, T. T., & Wolf, B. (1975) Biochemistry 14, 1648-1660]. Fibers of the DNA X amine complexes at 79% relative humidity (rh) and 33% rh do indeed show C-type X-ray patterns whereas the controls exhibit A forms under the same conditions. The same preparations, however, exhibit only B patterns when the fibers are examined at 98% rh and in the wet fiber form. Although we cannot rule out the possibility that molecular interactions in the fiber have imposed conformational restraints on the DNA structure that are not present in solution, these present results suggest that the conformation of DNA giving rise to the "C" CD spectrum is a variant of the B form. PMID- 6626530 TI - Conformational characteristics of deoxyribonucleic acid-butylamine complexes with C-type circular dichroism spectra. 2. A Raman spectroscopic study. AB - The derivatives of calf thymus DNA in which n-butylamine is covalently attached as described in the preceding paper in this series [Chen, C. Y., Pheiffer, B. H., Zimmerman, S. B., & Hanlon, S. (1983) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)] were examined by Raman spectroscopy. As previously mentioned, these complexes exhibit profoundly decreased rotational strengths of the positive band of the circular dichroism (CD) spectrum above 260 nm, with the most heavily substituted (ca. 0.12 mol of amine/mol of nucleotide) resembling that of DNA in 11 m LiCl. Raman spectra of all complexes and their controls in the form of either fibers at 98% relative humidity or gels at 40 mg/mL in 20 mM NaCl, pH 7, show typical B-type spectra with no evidence of significant amounts of C, A, Z, or disordered forms. We have thus concluded that the assignment of the nonconservative CD spectrum of DNA typically observed in concentrated electrolyte solutions to a C form is in error. Both these Raman data and the X-ray results reported in the previous paper indicate that the structure giving rise to the C CD spectrum has B-form backbone geometry. PMID- 6626531 TI - Effects of physical states of phospholipids on the incorporation and cytochalasin B binding activity of human erythrocyte membrane proteins in reconstituted vesicles. AB - Proteoliposomes were reconstituted from a Triton extract of human erythrocyte membrane proteins and a mixture of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) of varying ratios. With mixtures of egg PC and soybean PE, the protein/lipid ratio of the reconstituted vesicles was maximal at 25% PC and 75% PE, the composition which is known to have a maximum bilayer disruption (highest occurrence of lipidic particles seen by freeze-fracture electron microscopy). With mixtures of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-PC and dilinoleoyl PE, which gave vesicles with few isolated lipidic particles at room temperature, the effect was less pronounced. The specific activity of the cytochalasin B (CB) binding protein in the reconstituted vesicles, on the other hand, was increased monotonically up to severalfold as the PC content was increased in the egg PC/soybean PE mixture. A similar increase was observed when soybean PE was partially substituted by dimyristoyl-PC, cholesterol, or transphosphatidylated PE from egg PC. These findings indicate that preexisting defects in the lipid bilayer promote protein incorporation into the bilayer during reconstitution whereas reduction of the bilayer fluidity facilitates the CB binding activity in the reconstituted vesicles. PMID- 6626532 TI - Vesiculation of unsonicated phospholipid dispersions containing phosphatidic acid by pH adjustment: physicochemical properties of the resulting unilamellar vesicles. AB - Aqueous dispersions of phosphatidic acid and mixtures of phosphatidic acid with other phospholipids vesiculate when the pH is transiently increased to a pH near or above the second pK of the phosphatidic acid. Both small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) of a narrow size distribution (average diameter 25-30 nm) and large unilamellar vesicles (LUV) of a wide size distribution are formed. The fraction of SUV increases linearly with increasing pH from 6 to 12 and was also increased by increasing the rate of the pH change from 2 min to 1 s. For mixed phospholipid dispersions, the fraction of SUV appears to be linearly related to the phosphatidic acid content. Unilamellar vesicles formed by the transient pH increase are subsequently relatively stable to changes in pH and ionic strength. If, after vesiculation is induced, the dispersion (pH 7-8) is acidified to pH 3, the fraction of SUV decreases. However, the multilamellar structures present in the original dispersion do not re-form, and most of the reduction in the SUV fraction is reversible when the pH is returned to 7-8. The addition of NaCl to the dispersion after vesiculation has no effect on the fraction of SUV up to physiological NaCl concentrations. Subsequent addition of NaCl to a concentration in excess of 0.2 M reduces the SUV fraction; this disappears above 1 M NaCl due to aggregation or fusion. SUV of phosphatidic acid or mixed phospholipids containing phosphatidic acid can be stored at 4 degrees C for 14 days without detectable aggregation and/or fusion. PMID- 6626533 TI - Conformational states of N-acylglycine dithioesters in solution: resonance Raman studies of isotopically substituted models for enzyme-substrate complexes. AB - Resonance Raman (RR) and FTIR spectroscopic studies, taken with X-ray crystallographic data, are used to define the three major conformational states of N-acylglycine dithioesters in solution and to set up spectra-structure correlations. Importantly, each conformer has a characteristic RR signature, and thus the RR spectrum can be used to follow conformational events within dithioester enzyme-substrate intermediates. The signatures are further defined in the present work by the synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of 13C and 15N derivatives of N-benzoylglycine ethyl dithioester and N-(beta phenylpropionyl)glycine ethyl dithioester. The observed isotope shifts offer insight into the normal mode character of the RR bands and provide standards with which to compare the shifts in the corresponding enzyme-substrate intermediates. PMID- 6626534 TI - Relaxed and perturbed substrate conformations in enzyme active sites: evidence from multichannel resonance raman spectra. AB - A diode array based multichannel Raman spectrometer has made it possible to record complete, high quality, resonance Raman (RR) spectra of enzyme-substrate intermediates. The intermediates are dithioacylpapains in which the acyl group is either N-benzoylglycine or N-(beta-phenylpropionyl)glycine. RR data are reported for the unlabeled dithioacylpapains as well as for the intermediates labeled separately with ND, 15N, and 13C = S in the glycine residue. Comparison of the results for the dithioacylpapains with that of the corresponding labeled glycine ethyl dithioesters [Lee, H., Storer, A. C., & Carey, P. R. (1983) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)] leads to the conclusion that for both substrates in the active site the dihedral angles in the glycine NH-C-C(= S) linkages assume an essentially relaxed type B conformation. Similarly, there is no evidence for distortion about the C(= O)-NH peptide bond which links the P1 and P2 sites on the substrate. However, for the N-benzoylglycine case there is evidence for some conformational distortion in the -S-C-C cysteine linkages. The present data favor a single homogeneous conformational population about the substrates' NH-C-C(= S) bonds in the native dithioacylpapains. However, below pH 3.0 the dithioacyl enzymes denature and the RR spectra of the 13C = S substituted species confirm that the conformational population reverts to the mixture of conformers A and B found for the corresponding ethyl dithioesters in solution. PMID- 6626535 TI - Dimensions in solution of pyridoxylated apohemoglobin. AB - Human apohemoglobin was labeled at Val-beta 1 with pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate. Correlation times were evaluated from steady-state fluorescence anisotropy and lifetime measurements upon quenching with KI. Multiple correlation times were present in the system with a major component of 23.3 ns and a minor component of less than 0.1 ns. The initial depolarization produced by these fast motions occurred in a cone with a semiangle near 33 degrees. The sedimentation velocity and circular dichroism spectra of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate labeled apohemoglobin were very similar to those of unlabeled apohemoglobin. Addition of 8-anilino-1 naphthalenesulfonate did not modify these parameters. Energy transfer of fluorescence was measured between the label, pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate, positioned at Val-beta 1, as donor, and 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate, bound inside the heme pocket, as acceptor. A quantum yield of 0.21 was measured for labeled apohemoglobin with a standard of pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate. Quenching of the lifetime and of the emission of the donor in the presence of acceptor was measured at 390 nm upon excitation at 313 nm. From these parameters, and on assumption of a random orientation of the fluorophores, an average distance of about 25 A was estimated between the two probes. Numerical correction for 85% saturation of the donor with acceptor produced distances near 23 A for the quenching of emission intensity and near 19 A for the quenching of lifetimes. In the tridimensional model of deoxyhemoglobin, the distance between Val-beta 1 and the nearest iron is about 22 A. Transfer to acceptors positioned in the alpha subunits was negligible. Taking into account the dimensions of the probes, it appears that removal of heme and the consequent loss of helical structure of the system did not produce an expansion of the beta subunits. PMID- 6626537 TI - Triphenyltetrazolium and its derivatives are anisotropic inhibitors of energy transduction in oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria. AB - Triphenyltetrazolium and its derivatives inhibited energy transduction in mitochondria but not in submitochondrial particles, which are inside-out relative to the membranes of mitochondria. Triphenyltetrazolium incorporated into the inside of submitochondrial particles inhibited ATP synthesis in the particles. Triphenyltetrazolium also inhibited the reduction of NAD by succinate coupled with oxidation of succinate by O2 and hydrolysis of ATP. Energization of mitochondrial inner membranes with succinate and with ATP induced sites on the membranes for triphenyltetrazolium and its derivatives. The maximum amounts of energy-dependent binding sites for triphenyltetrazolium on membranes energized with succinate and ATP, respectively, were 14 and 4 nmol/mg protein. Triphenyltetrazolium also induced H+ ejection from the energized membranes. The maximum amounts of H+ ejection from membranes energized with succinate and ATP, respectively, were 4 and 2.4 nmol/mg protein. Triphenyltetrazolium also decreased the membrane potential up to about half the control value and caused shrinkage of mitochondria in an energy-dependent fashion. Comparison of the Hammett's sigma constants of triphenyltetrazolium derivatives with various substituents on the 3 benzene ring showed that lower concentrations of triphenyltetrazolium derivatives with a stronger positive charge were required for inhibition of energy transduction. The present findings show that triphenyltetrazolium and its derivatives act as anisotropic inhibitors of energy transduction by binding to negative charges created on the outer side (C-side) of energized mitochondria, and that the positive charge of these inhibitors is one of important factors for their inhibitory activity. These negative charges may be an essential part of the H+ pump. PMID- 6626538 TI - Proton electrochemical potential of the inner mitochondrial membrane in isolated perfused rat hearts, as measured by exogenous probes. AB - The membrane potential (delta psi) and delta pH of the inner mitochondrial membrane were studied in isolated perfused rat hearts using exogenous labelled probes and tissue fractionation in non-aqueous media. The mitochondrial delta psi, measured by means of the subcellular distribution of [3H]triphenylmethylphosphonium (TPMP+), was 125 +/- 7 mV (negative inside) in hearts beating at 5 Hz and 150 +/- 3 mV (negative inside) in hearts beating at 1.5 Hz. The mitochondrial membrane delta pH, measured by means of the subcellular distribution of low concentrations of [1-14C]propionate, was 0.63 +/- 0.06 pH units (alkaline inside) in hearts beating at 5 Hz and 0.53 +/- 0.12 pH units (alkaline inside) in hearts beating at 1.5 Hz. The implication of proton and electron gradients in the regulation of cellular respiration is discussed. In combination with previous evidence on adenylate distribution in the isolated perfused rat heart, the results indicate that the mitochondrial electrogenic adenylate translocator is in near equilibrium with delta psi. PMID- 6626536 TI - Cytochrome P-450 isozyme 1 from phenobarbital-induced rat liver: purification, characterization, and interactions with metyrapone and cytochrome b5. AB - Cytochrome P-450 isozyme 1 (PB-1) (Mr congruent to 53 000) was purified to apparent homogeneity from phenobarbital (PB)-induced rat liver microsomes, and its spectral, structural, immunochemical, and catalytic properties were determined. PB-1, present in significant amounts in uninduced rat liver microsomes, is induced approximately 2-4-fold by phenobarbital, as compared to the greater than 30-fold induction typical of the major PB isozymes characterized previously. PB-1 was distinguished from the major PB-induced isozymes PB-4 and PB 5 [Waxman, D. J., & Walsh, C. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 10446-10457] by the absence of a Fe2+-metyrapone P446 complex, by its unique NH2-terminal sequence and distinct peptide maps, by the lack of immuno-cross-reactivity to PB-4, and by its characteristic substrate-specificity profile. Metyrapone effected a saturable enhancement of several PB-1-catalyzed reactions in the reconstituted system [Km(metyrapone) congruent to 200 microM], which varied in magnitude with the substrate, with a maximal stimulation of 5-8-fold in the case of acetanilide 4 hydroxylation. That metyrapone enhanced the corresponding microsomal activities only in cases where the metyrapone-sensitive PB-4 did not catalyze the same reaction at significant rates suggested that PB-1 is probably responsible for the substrate-dependent stimulatory effects of metyrapone on microsomal monooxygenations. In contrast to PB-4 and PB-5, PB-1 was characterized by a marked, but not absolute, dependence on cytochrome b5 (b5) for catalytic activity, with 4-7-fold stimulations typically effected by inclusion of stoichiometric b5 in the reconstituted system. That these b5-stimulations were lipid dependent and were abolished with specific proteolytic fragments lacking b5's COOH-terminal membranous segment evidenced the importance of this segment for efficient, b5-mediated electron transfer to P-450 PB-1 in the reconstituted monooxygenase system. PMID- 6626539 TI - Structural properties of the proteoliposomes catalyzing electron transport from formate to fumarate. AB - The electron-transport chain catalyzing fumarate reduction by formate has recently been reconstituted from the formate dehydrogenase complex and the fumarate reductase complex from Vibrio succinogenes, in a liposomal preparation containing vitamin K-1 (Unden, G. and Kroger, A. (1982) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 682, 258-263). We have now investigated the structural properties of this preparation. The preparation was found to consist of a homogeneous population of unilamellar proteoliposomes with an average diameter of about 100 nm and an internal volume of 2-4 ml/g phospholipid. The buoyant density (1.07 g/ml) was consistent with the protein/phospholipid ratio (0.2 g/g) of the preparation. Leakage of glucose from the internal spaces of the proteoliposomes was negligibly slow. Proteoliposomes prepared with either of the enzyme complexes showed peripheral projections mainly on the outer surface, when examined by electron microscopy after negative staining. The size, orientation and surface density of the projections were consistent with those of the enzymes. Most of the substrate and dye-reactive sites (70-90%) of the enzymes in the proteoliposomes were accessible to external non-permeant substrates. The proteoliposomes catalyzing electron transport were formed by freeze-thawing a mixture of liposomes and protein-phospholipid complexes which did not perform electron transport from formate to fumarate. Nearly the entire amount of the enzymes supplied (0.2 g protein/g phospholipid) was incorporated into the liposomes by this procedure. The transformation of liposomes into proteoliposomes was accompanied by exchange of the internal solutes with the external medium. PMID- 6626540 TI - The stimulation of hepatic oxidative phosphorylation following dexamethasone treatment of rats. AB - The effect of short-term treatment of rats with the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation has been examined. Treatment of rats for 3 h increased the oxidative capacity of the subsequently isolated mitochondria such that they displayed increased uncoupled and State 3 rates of respiration with NAD-linked substrates, succinate or durohydroquinone. The oxidation of ascorbate plus N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine was unaffected. No change was apparent in the activity of a variety of dehydrogenase enzymes nor was there any increase in the mitochondrial content of cytochromes a, b, c1 or c. The uncoupler-dependent ATPase activity of the mitochondria was slightly enhanced following hormone treatment, but not the basal or the total ATPase activity measured in the presence of Triton X-100 plus Mg2+. The mitochondria prepared from dexamethasone-treated rats also displayed increased intramitochondrial concentrations of Mg2+, K+ and exchangeable adenine nucleotides but not Ca2+. It is suggested that the effect of glucocorticoids on mitochondrial respiration may be both the result of a direct activation of the respiratory chain within Complex III and an elevated intramitochondrial adenine nucleotide concentration. The evidence for the de novo synthesis of mitochondrial proteins which mediate the response remains inconclusive. PMID- 6626541 TI - Isolation of basolateral membranes from columnar cells of the proximal colon of the guinea pig. AB - A method for an analytical isolation of plasma membranes from columnar cells (colonocytes) of the proximal colon of the guinea pig is described. Isolation of the colonocytes was performed by a mild EDTA-chelation method. After homogenization, two subsequent sucrose gradient centrifugations (isokinetic and isopycnic) yielded a plasma-membrane fraction which was enriched 12-fold in (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity and 8-fold in adenylate cyclase activity. It is suggested that the purified membrane fraction consists mainly of basolateral membranes of the colonocytes. Due to the lack of suitable marker enzymes, no evidence for enrichment of the brush-border membranes was obtained. Histochemical studies demonstrated that alkaline phosphatase is absent from the luminal membrane of the surface epithelial cells of the proximal colon of the guinea pig. PMID- 6626542 TI - Alteration of rheological properties of human erythrocytes by crosslinking of membrane proteins. AB - The crosslinking of membrane proteins of human erythrocytes by diamide (diazene dicarboxylic acid bis(N,N-dimethylamide) ) was quantified by 4% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate. The relation between the crosslinking of membrane proteins and erythrocyte functions (rheological and oxygen transporting) was quantitatively examined. (i) The crosslinking of membrane protein was induced by diamide, without changing the shape and the contents of intracellular organic phosphates (adenylates and 2,3 diphosphoglycerate). The intensity of spectrin 2 in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis decreased proportionally to diamide concentration. The percentage decrease in spectrin 2 (using band 3 as an internal standard) was the most appropriate indicator for crosslinking ("% crosslinking'). (ii) The suspension viscosity of erythrocytes increased in proportion to the percentage of crosslinking, in the range of applied shear rates of 3.76-752 s-1. (iii) Erythrocyte deformability (measured by a high-shear rheoscope) was reduced by the crosslinking. The change was detectable even at 5% crosslinking. (iv) Rouleaux formation (measured by a television image analyzer combined with a low-shear rheoscope) was inhibited by the crosslinking. The inhibition was also sensitively detected at more than 5% crosslinking. (v) Hemoglobin in erythrocytes was chemically modified by higher dose of diamide (probably by the binding of diamide with sulfhydryl groups). Also the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin increased and the heme-heme interaction decreased. (vi) The reduction of the crosslinking of membrane proteins by dithiothreitol apparently reversed the intensity of spectrin bands in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the erythrocyte functions (the suspension viscosity and the deformability), though not completely. PMID- 6626543 TI - Theoretical conformational analysis of phospholipids. I. Study of the interactions between phospholipid molecules by use of semi-empirical methods with the explicit introduction of polar headgroup interactions. AB - We present a theoretical conformational analysis of a system composed of seven dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine molecules in interaction. The combined use of classical semi-empirical methods for the polar headgroup region with mechanical statistical calculations for the aliphatic chains permits the evaluation of the free energy for a phospholipids molecule. The free energy variation in function of the mean intermolecular interchain distance gives information about the main lipid bilayer phase transition. It appears, however, necessary to take into account the hydration of the polar headgroups. PMID- 6626544 TI - Irreversible inhibitors of methotrexate transport in L1210 cells. Characteristics of inhibition by an N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of methotrexate. AB - Methotrexate, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide and N hydroxysuccinimide react to form an activated ester of methotrexate which is a potent irreversible inhibitor of methotrexate transport in L1210 cells. In cells treated with the reagent at 37 degrees C, inhibition was rapid (t1/2 less than 1 min), optimal at pH 6.8, half-maximal at an inhibitor concentration of 20 nM, and complete at high levels of the reagent. Specificity was indicated by the fact that excess methotrexate added during the pretreatment step protected the transport system against inactivation. Irreversible inhibition was also observed in cells exposed to the reagent at 4 degrees C. Inactivation in this case was qualitatively similar to the corresponding process at 37 degrees C; it appeared rapidly, was half-maximal at 20 nM, and could be prevented by the addition of high concentrations of the substrate. The extent of the inhibition, however, reached a maximum of only 75%, even in samples containing excess or multiple additions of reagent. The latter findings suggest that at 4 degrees C the transport protein exists in two forms, one (75% of the total) containing binding sites which are accessible to the active ester, and the other (25% of the total) with inaccessible sites. The identity of these sites is suggested to be transport proteins which have outward and inward orientations, respectively. PMID- 6626545 TI - Binding of monovalent cations to phosphatidylserine and modulation of Ca2+- and Mg2+-induced vesicle fusion. AB - The effect of several monovalent cations on the Ca2+-induced aggregation and fusion of sonicated phosphatidylserine (PS) vesicles is studied by monitoring the mixing of internal compartments of the fusing vesicles using the Tb/dipicolinic acid assay. The dissociation of the fluorescent Tb-dipicolinate complex which accompanies Ca2+-induced vesicle fusion is determined directly and is due to leakage of contents and entry of medium into vesicles. PS vesicles do not fuse when the medium contains only monovalent cations (at pH 7.4), regardless of the cation concentration or whether there is aggregation of the vesicles. A mass action kinetic analysis of the data provides estimates for the rate of aggregation, C11, and for the rate of fusion per se, f11. Values of f11 increase dramatically with reduction in monovalent cation concentration and are primarily determined by binding ratios of Ca2+ or Mg2+ per PS. With 300 mM of monovalent cations, the fusion per se is essentially rate-limiting to the overall fusion process and values of f11 are significantly larger with the monovalent cations which bind the least, i.e., according to the sequence tetramethylammonium greater than K+ greater than Na+ greater than Li+. With monovalent cations in concentrations of 100 mM or less, the aggregation is rate-limiting to the fusion and the overall initial fusion rates are determined by an interplay between aggregation and fusion rates. Under conditions of fast aggregation, the Ca2+ induced fusion of small PS vesicles can occur within milliseconds or less. PMID- 6626546 TI - Comparison of two liposome fusion assays monitoring the intermixing of aqueous contents and of membrane components. AB - Divalent cation-induced fusion of large unilamellar vesicles (approx. 0.1 micron diameter) made of phosphatidylserine (PS) or phosphatidylglycerol (PG) has been studied. Intermixing of aqueous contents during fusion was followed by the Tb/dipicolinic acid fluorescence assay, and intermixing of membrane components by resonance energy transfer between fluorescent lipid probes. Both assays gave identical threshold concentrations for Ca2+, which were 2 mM for PS and 15 mM for PG. The dependencies of the initial rate of fusion on the concentration of PG vesicles determined by either assay were identical, the order of this dependence being 1.2 in the concentration range of 5-200 microM lipid. For PS liposomes, this order was found to be 1.5 in the fluorescent lipid assay. No leakage of contents was detected during the fusion of PG vesicles. Mg2+ inhibited the Ca2+ induced fusion of PS vesicles, but did not cause any fusion by itself, consistent with previous results with the Tb/dipicolinic acid assay. PMID- 6626547 TI - Cadmium and thallous ion permeabilities through lipid bilayer membranes. AB - Cadmium (Cd2+) and thallous ion (Tl+) permeabilities were measured in planar (Mueller-Rudin) lipid bilayer membranes made from diphytanoylphosphatidylcholine in decane. Permeabilities of the electroneutral Cl- complexes, measured with tracers (109Cd and 204Tl), were about 10(-8) cm X s-1 for CdCl2 and 10(-6) cm X s 1 for TlCl. Electrical conductance measurements showed that permeabilities to Cd2+ and Tl+ were approx. 10(-11) cm X s-1, similar to the Na+ permeability. The low permeabilities to both Cd2+ and CdCl2 are consistent with biological studies which suggest that Cd transport and toxicity are protein mediated and correlated with Cd2+, not CdCl2, concentration. However, the low bilayer permeability to Tl+ raises questions about recent reports that Tl+ is a lipid permeable cation in biological membranes and liposomes. An alternative explanation for the lipid permeable behavior of Tl+ is presented, based on the diffusion of TlCl and other complexes of Tl+ with inorganic and organic anions. PMID- 6626548 TI - Magnetoliposomes: another principle of cell sorting. AB - Liposomes bearing anti-fibronectin antibodies and associated with ferromagnetic particles bound firmly to the surface of mouse embryo fibroblasts. Upon binding magnetoliposomes, the cells could be sorted in a magnetic field. PMID- 6626549 TI - Theoretical conformational analysis of phospholipids. II. Role of hydration in the gel to liquid crystal transition of phospholipids. AB - To obtain a satisfactory agreement between computed transition temperatures and those determined experimentally, we introduce explicitly water molecules which hydrate the polar headgroup of dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine molecules. The calculated free energy curves as a function of the intermolecular interchain distance and the degree of hydration of the polar groups permit the determination of the transition of the phospholipid system from the gel to the liquid crystalline phase. The detailed structure of the hydration shell is defined using the supermolecular approach. PMID- 6626550 TI - Effect of N-ethylmaleimide on leucine transport in the Chang liver cell. II. Effect on the kinetics of Na+-independent transport. AB - The Na+-independent leucine transport system is resolved into two components by their different affinity (Km about 44 microM and 8.0 mM) for leucine in the Chang liver cell. Treatment of the cells with N-ethylmaleimide (1 mM) specifically stimulates the high-affinity component of the Na+-independent system by greatly increasing its Vmax value, whereas the Vmax value of the low-affinity component is markedly lowered. The stimulatory effect of N-ethylmaleimide on leucine transport is reduced by prior treatment of the cells with 2,4-dinitrophenol, but this phenomenon seems to be irrelevant to the ATP-depleting action of the uncoupler. The treatment with 2,4-dinitrophenol has been found not to be inhibitory on the subsequent Na+-independent leucine uptake itself. Treatment with dibucaine, a phospholipid-interacting drug, also reduces to varying degrees (depending on its concentration) the stimulatory effect of N-ethylmaleimide on the subsequent leucine uptake, although pretreatment with dibucaine can stimulate the Na+-independent leucine uptake itself. We conclude that the stimulatory effect of N-ethylmaleimide on leucine transport is not correlated with the energy level of cell, but involves the perturbation of the membrane bilayer structures. PMID- 6626551 TI - Excitation energy transfer from tryptophan residues of peptides and intrinsic proteins to diphenylhexatriene in phospholipid vesicles and biological membranes. AB - An efficient excitation energy transfer from tryptophan residues of intrinsic membrane proteins to an extrinsic fluorescent probe (diphenylhexatriene) has been demonstrated in rat erythrocyte ghosts. To correlate this transfer with the localization of the probe, a model system has been investigated. It consists of peptides containing lysine and tryptophan residues bound to negatively charged phosphatidylserine vesicles. Absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies were used to follow peptide binding and diphenylhexatriene incorporation. Peptide binding is accompanied by a blue shift of the tryptophan fluorescence together with an increase of the quantum yield and of the fluorescence decay time. An experimental Foster critical distance value of 4.0 nm was found for energy transfer from tryptophan residues of peptides to diphenylhexatriene which approaches the range of calculated values (3.1-3.7 nm) using a two-dimensional model. These results demonstrate that efficient energy transfer can occur from tryptophan residues of intrinsic proteins to diphenylhexatriene without any interaction between diphenylhexatriene and proteins in biological membranes. PMID- 6626553 TI - Aggregation behavior of the bovine beta-crystallin Bp chain studied by limited proteolysis. AB - The bovine beta-crystallin Bp chain is organized into two very similar domains, with short extensions at both N- and C-termini, and two alternative models for the beta Bp dimer have been proposed (Wistow, G., Slingsby, C., Blundell, T., Driessen, H.P.C., De Jong, W.W. and Bloemendal, H. (1981) FEBS Lett. 133, 9-16). By limited proteolysis the C-terminal arms can be cleaved off rapidly from the beta Bp dimer, while the N-terminal arms are more difficult to remove. Trypsin divides the beta Bp chain into two fragments which approximately correspond to the two structural domains. Dissociation and reassociation of the different products of limited proteolysis indicated that: the C-terminal arm extends freely from the surface and is not involved in subunit-contact; at least one N-terminal arm seems required for dimer formation; the N-terminal domains have a greater tendency to associate than the C-terminal domains and, when mixed, the purified domains reassociate partially to a Mr 50 000 structure like native beta Bp. These findings support the more extended dimer model of beta Bp. PMID- 6626554 TI - A re-investigation of actin monomer conformation under polymerizing conditions based on rates of enzymatic digestion and ultraviolet difference spectroscopy. AB - There have been several reports which describe a conformational change of G-actin monomer in the presence of 0.1 M KCl. This altered monomer has been variously named, depending on whether the authors believed that it resembles G-actin, F actin or has a conformation of its own. In this report we re-examine the experimental evidence for these proposals. The techniques include measurements of the rates of proteolytic digestion as well as near and far ultraviolet difference spectroscopy of actin in the presence and absence of KCl. We conclude that there is no compelling evidence for proposing a novel form of actin monomer. PMID- 6626552 TI - Hydration of N-palmitoylgalactosylsphingosine compared to monosaccharide hydration. AB - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies of the ice-water transition of N palmitoylgalactosylsphingosine (NPGS) (cerebroside)/water mixtures indicate 4 +/- 1 non-freezable water molecules per molecule NPGS. This hydration level, representing strongly bound water, is identical to that observed previously for human glucocerebroside (Bach, D., Sela, B. and Miller, I.R. (1982) Chem. Phys. Lipids 31, 381). Comparison of gluco- and galacto-cerebroside hydration with hydration measurements on simple monosaccharides suggests a favored orientation of the glycosyl polar group at the cerebroside-water interface. PMID- 6626555 TI - Actin monomer conformation under polymerizing conditions studied by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and circular dichroism spectroscopy. AB - Skeletal muscle actin above a critical concentration polymerizes in physiological concentrations of KCl. Earlier studies have concluded that evidence exists for a monomeric species of actin with a conformation distinct from that of G-actin. Re investigations of these earlier studies, however, have cast doubt on the concept of a new monomeric actin species. In this study we have adopted two methods, high resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance and near ultraviolet circular dichroism spectroscopy, to investigate the existence or otherwise of the putative monomer conformation variously called F-monomer, G-actin or KCl-monomer. For proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, unmodified actin maintained below its critical concentration as well as higher concentrations of two chemically modified, unpolymerizable actin samples were studied in the absence and presence of KCl. No difference was found in the environment of even a single proton within the entire actin structure. For circular dichroism we studied actin maintained below its critical polymerization concentration and found very little change in ellipticities when KCl was added to the G-actin solution. We therefore conclude that there is no species of actin monomer with a conformation distinct from that of G-actin. PMID- 6626556 TI - A thrombin-like enzyme from timber rattlesnake venom. AB - The procoagulant component has been purified from timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus horridus) venom by DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography followed by affinity chromatography on immobilized p-aminobenzamidine and a final DEAE Sepharose chromatography. As obtained, the procoagulant gave a single band of Mr 29 500 +/- 2000 on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis whether or not the sample was reduced prior to electrophoresis. Schiff's stain indicated the presence of some carbohydrate. The procoagulant showed one predominant and four minor bands on discontinuous gel electrophoresis. All caused fibrinogen solutions to clot. Treatment of the preparation with neuraminidase did not cause the minor bands to comigrate with the major band. Amino acid analysis revealed the presence of eight half-cystines, all of which were present as cystines in the intact molecule. The procoagulant has 13 tryptophans per molecule and an extinction coefficient for a 1% solution at 280 nm of 26.3. This venom procoagulant was found to induce clotting by catalyzing the hydrolysis of only the A fibrinopeptide from the A alpha-chain of fibrinogen. It was not inhibited by protein trypsin inhibitors, N-ethylmaleimide or dithiothreitol, but it was inactivated by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, indicating an active-center serine. The procoagulant catalyzed the release of negligible acid-soluble peptides from bovine serum albumin, casein and hemoglobin. PMID- 6626557 TI - Characterization of alpha alpha, beta beta, gamma gamma and alpha gamma human enolase isozymes, and preparation of hybrid enolases (alpha gamma, beta gamma and alpha beta) from homodimeric forms. AB - Four forms (alpha alpha, beta beta, gamma gamma and alpha gamma) of enolase (2 phospho-D-glycerate hydrolyase, EC 4.2.1.11) were purified from human brain and skeletal muscle. Each purified preparation showed a single band on SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, with a relative mobility corresponding to a molecular weight of about 46 000 for alpha and gamma subunits, or 44 000 for the beta subunit. The four enzymes showed similar values of specific activity (about 80 units/mg), optimal pH (pH 6.8-6.9), and Km for 2-phosphoglycerate (about 3 X 10(-5) M). Amino acid analysis, peptide mapping analysis with a limited proteolysis, and immunochemical studies of the purified enzymes revealed that the three subunits, alpha, beta and gamma, are distinct proteins. Three hybrid enolases (alpha gamma, beta gamma and alpha beta) could be prepared from a mixture of two homodimeric enolases by dissociation and reassociation procedures, followed by isolation with ion-exchange column chromatography. PMID- 6626558 TI - Assessment of secondary-structure prediction of proteins. Comparison of computerized Chou-Fasman method with others. AB - A method predicting protein secondary structure from sequence information could be assessed for its real efficiency by applying it to a number of proteins which lie completely outside a given data set. This type of test is performed for the three methods of Chou and Fasman (Adv. Enzymol. 47 (1978) 45-148), Robson and co workers (J. Mol. Biol. 120 (1978) 97-120) and Lim (J. Mol. Biol. 88 (1974) 873 894) by using data of 19 proteins for the former two methods and 11 proteins for the method of Lim. The prediction abilities of these methods turn out to be of almost the same level, but unexpectedly low: their average scores are commonly less than 55% measured by the three-state assessment (alpha, beta and coil) or less than 45% measured by the four-state assessment (alpha, beta, turn and coil). This level of accuracy is more than 20% lower than that of current expectations as summarized by Schulz and Schirmer (Principles of Protein Structure (1979) Ch. 6, Springer, New York). A joint prediction attempted with the simultaneous usage of the three prediction methods did not improve the results. Causes and implications of the unsatisfactory results are discussed. In this study, computer programs were prepared for the methods of Chou and Fasman and of Robson and co workers. While difficulties arose in the course of the computerization of the Chou-Fasman method, the prediction algorithm was arranged in a fully automatic form with optimization of the original rules as well as introduction of a modified treatment for solving the overlap among initially predicted regions of the secondary structures. Large discrepancies observed between the original results and those obtained by the computerized method are examined. PMID- 6626559 TI - Transition-state affinity chromatography of trypsin-like proteinases with dipeptidyl argininal ligands. AB - Dipeptidyl argininal (arginine aldehyde) affinity resins of general formula R-(X Y-argininal) (where R = resin matrix and X, Y = amino acids of varied structure) are synthesized in a solid-phase procedure in which the dipeptide (-X-Y-) is first attached to the resin, followed by the joining of the Y amino acid to argininal semicarbazone, and decomposition of the semicarbazone in a methanol/acetic acid/formaldehyde reagent. An R-(Gly-Gly-argininal) resin binds urokinase tightly, but does not bind thrombin. However, thrombin binds strongly to R-(Phe-Pro-argininal), whereas urokinase does not bind. Accordingly, the X-Y argininal ligands selectively bind proteinases of identical primary binding site specificity to arginine, but different secondary site specificity in -X-Y-. The selectivity is due to an amplification of peptide binding specificity caused by the transition-state analog properties of the ligands. While the affinity constants between peptide aldehyde and proteinase approach those of antibody antigen interactions, the elution with semicarbazide (aldehyde-trapping reagent) buffers easily remove tightly bound proteinases without proteinase inhibitors or denaturation. Conditions for the binding and elution of proteinases, methods of regeneration and other characteristics of the resins are described. PMID- 6626560 TI - An extracellular D(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate oligomer hydrolase from Alcaligenes faecalis. AB - A strain of Alcaligenes faecalis secretes an extracellular D(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate oligomer hydrolase, in addition to poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase, when it is grown in a medium containing poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) as the sole carbon source. The oligomer hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.22), which has been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity, has a molecular weight of 68 000, as estimated by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, and of 74 000, by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The isoelectric point of the enzyme is approx. 6.0 and the pH optimum for the enzyme reaction is 8.5. The purified oligomer hydrolase has high affinity for oligomeric esters (apparent Km for the D(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate dimer = 32.8 microM; for the dodecamer = 1.3 microM), but does not attack poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (average molecular weight, 32 500) at all. Analysis of hydrolysates of the oligomeric esters suggests that the enzyme hydrolyzes these substrates from the carboxyl terminus, releasing D(-) 3-hydroxybutyrate units one by one. PMID- 6626561 TI - Gastric lipolysis in the developing rat. Ontogeny of the lipases active in the stomach. AB - The first step in fat digestion occurs in the stomach, where 10-30% of dietary triacylglycerols are hydrolyzed to partial (di- and mono-) acylglycerols and free fatty acids. Preduodenal fat digestion is an important compensatory mechanism in the newborn because of immature pancreatic (lipase) and hepatic (bile acid synthesis) function. Since hydrolysis of fat in the stomach can be catalyzed by enzymes of lingual (Hamosh, M. (1979) Pediatr. Res. 13, 615-622) and possibly gastric origin, we have studied the developmental pattern and quantitative contribution of these two enzymes to intragastric fat digestion by measuring lipase activity in homogenates of lingual glands and gastric mucosa of rats from birth until 60 days of age. Total lipolytic activity in rat gastric mucosa was only 2-10% of that in the lingual glands throughout the entire period studied. Lingual lipase activity increased steadily from birth until day 50, whereas the activity in the gastric mucosa reached peak levels at 17-20 days and declined sharply after weaning. Throughout the period of study--suckling, weaning, and young adulthood--lingual and gastric lipase had very similar characteristics: pH optimum in the range of 5.0-6.0 and 2.5-5.0-fold higher activity on medium-chain (tri[14C]octanoin) than long-chain (tri[3H]olein) triacylglycerols. In the lingual glands, lipase activity was higher during fasting, probably because of accumulation of enzyme (without depletion during meals), whereas in the gastric mucosa lipase levels were higher after feeding, suggesting adsorption of lingual lipase (which reaches the stomach with the ingested food) onto the gastric mucosa. From birth to weaning, there was rapid and extensive hydrolysis of triacylglycerol in the stomach (decrease from 98 mol% in rat milk to 33.6-48.9 mol% in the stomach contents half an hour after feeding). The intragastric lipolysis remained almost constant from birth until day 20, in spite of a marked increase in food consumption, probably because of the continued rise of lingual lipase levels. The direct relationship between high intragastric lipolysis and high lingual lipase activity suggests that lingual lipase is the major digestive enzyme in the newborn. PMID- 6626562 TI - The effect of 3-sulphation and taurine conjugation on the uptake of chenodeoxycholic acid by rat hepatocytes. AB - The hepatic uptake of chenodeoxycholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid 3-sulphate and taurochenodeoxycholate acid 3-sulphate by isolated rat hepatocytes was examined. Taurochenodeoxycholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid 3-sulphate and chenodeoxycholic acid 3-sulphate uptake occurred by a saturable, energy-dependent process while chenodeoxycholic acid uptake was predominantly non-saturable, possibly simple diffusion. Apparent Km (mumol/l) and Vmax (nmol/mg protein per min) values (mean +/- S.D.), respectively, were: chenodeoxycholic acid (saturable component), 33 +/- 6.4 and 4.8 +/- 0.6; taurochenodeoxycholic acid, 11.1 +/- 2.0 and 3.1 +/- 0.5; chenodeoxycholic acid 3-sulphate, 6.1 +/- 0.9 and 2.3 +/- 0.4; and taurochenodeoxycholic acid 3-sulphate, 5.0 +/- 0.7 and 0.9 +/- 0.15. Both conjugation with taurine and sulphation at the 3 position resulted in a reduction in the values of Km and Vmax. Uptake of each of the bile acids taurochenodeoxycholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid 3-sulphate and chenodeoxycholic acid 3-sulphate was competitively inhibited by the other two, with taurochenodeoxycholic acid a potent inhibitor of both taurochenodeoxycholic acid 3-sulphate and chenodeoxycholic acid 3-sulphate uptake. Other bile acids also inhibited. Uptake was inhibited by albumin in the order chenodeoxycholic acid 3-sulphate greater than taurochenodeoxycholic acid 3-sulphate greater than taurochenodeoxycholic acid and was dependent on the extent of bile acid binding to albumin. PMID- 6626563 TI - Differential effects of anesthetics on phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis in hamster tissue. AB - The anesthetic effects of diethyl ether and sodium pentobarbital on phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis in hamster organs were investigated. No significant difference was observed in the livers and hearts between control and anesthesized animals. However, a 30% reduction in phosphatidylethanolamine labelling was detected in the kidney of the diethyl ether-anesthesized hamsters. Such reduction appears to be caused by an inhibition of phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the major pathway for the biosynthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine. The uptake of ethanolamine by the organs was not affected during anesthesia. PMID- 6626564 TI - Effects of peroxisome proliferators on fatty acid-binding protein in rat liver. AB - The relationship between hepatic fatty acid-binding protein and peroxisomal beta oxidation was studied. Rats were fed a diet containing p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (clofibric acid), 2,2'-(decamethylenedithio)-diethanol (tiadenol), di-(2 ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP), di-(2-ethylhexyl)-adipate (DEHA) and acetylsalicylic acid. On the administration of these peroxisome proliferators, both [1-14C]oleic acid-binding capacity and content of fatty acid-binding protein were increased, in association with an increase in peroxisomal beta-oxidation activity. The order of the increase in binding capacity and content of fatty acid binding protein was tiadenol greater than DEHP greater than or equal to clofibric acid greater than DEHA = acetylsalicylic acid. The order of the increase in peroxisomal beta-oxidation activity in liver was tiadenol greater than clofibric acid greater than or equal to DEHP greater than DEHA = acetylsalicylic acid. Linear regression analysis between the binding capacity or content of fatty acid binding protein and peroxisomal beta-oxidation activity was highly significant. PMID- 6626565 TI - An enzymatic rationale for the randomization of the positional distribution of fatty acids in phospholipids of ascites hepatoma AH 130. AB - Fatty acids present in glycerophospholipids isolated from Yoshida ascites hepatoma AH 130 are more randomly distributed among the 1- and 2-positions than are fatty acids of normal liver phospholipids. The relative abundance of unsaturated fatty acids at the 1-position was ascribed to the lower palmitate specific glycerophosphate acyltransferase activity in mitochondria of the hepatoma cells, an observation supporting the conclusion put forward for the similar randomization observed in Ehrlich ascites cells (Haldar, D., Tso, W.-W. and Pullman, M.E. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 4502-4509). The relative abundance of saturated fatty acids at the 2-position could be ascribed to the relatively lower acyl-CoA:1-acyl-glycerophosphocholine acyltransferase activity and to the change in the selectivity of the hepatoma acyl-CoA:1-acyl-glycerophosphate acyltransferase system into the lung type. The relatively lower selectivity for arachidonoyl-CoA as compared with oleoyl-CoA of the 1-acyl-glycerophosphocholine acyltransferase system is consistent with the decrease in polyenoic fatty acid content at the 2-position of the hepatoma phospholipids. PMID- 6626566 TI - Surface-active phospholipase A2 in mouse spermatozoa. AB - The partial characterization of a calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 associated with membranes of mouse sperm is described. Intact and sonicated sperm had comparable phospholipase A2 activity which was maximal at pH 8.0 using [1 14C]oleate-labeled autoclaved Escherichia coli or 1-[1-14C]stearoyl-2-acyl-3-sn glycerophosphorylethanolamine as substrates. More than 90% of the activity was sedimented when the sperm sonicate was centrifuged at 100 000 X g, indicating that the enzyme is almost totally membrane-associated. The activity is stimulated 200% during the ionophore-induced acrosome reaction and is almost equally distributed between plasma/outer acrosomal and inner acrosomal membrane fractions. The membrane-associated phospholipase A2 had an absolute requirement for low concentrations of Ca2+; Sr2+, Mg2+ and other divalent and monovalent cations would not substitute for Ca2+. In the presence of optimal Ca2+, zinc and gold ions inhibited the activity while Cu2+ and Cd2+ were without effect. Incubation of sperm sonicates with 1-[1-14C]stearoyl-2-acyl-3-sn glycerophosphorylethanolamine in the presence and absence of sodium deoxycholate demonstrated the presence of phospholipase A2 and lysophospholipase activities. No phospholipase A1 activity was detectable. Indomethacin, sodium meclofenamate and mepacrine, but not dexamethasone or aspirin, inhibited the sperm phospholipase A2 activity. Preincubation with p-bromophenacyl bromide inhibited phospholipase A2, suggesting the presence of histidine at the active site. The enzyme may play an important role in the membrane fusion events in fertilization. PMID- 6626567 TI - Secondary structure and thermal behavior of trypsin-treated low-density lipoproteins from human serum, studied by circular dichroism. AB - Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) were prepared from the serum of normolipidemic men on normal diets with or without supplemental beta-carotene. LDL were subjected to limited hydrolysis (5 h at 37 degrees C) with trypsin (enzyme:protein, 1:40 w/w), and their digested products separated by gel filtration. The trypsin-treated LDL contained about 80% of the original protein and essentially all of the original lipids of native LDL. The circular dichroic spectrum of trypsin-treated LDL below 240 nm resembled that of native LDL, except that the magnitudes of the ellipticity were smaller, corresponding to 25 and 33% helical content, respectively. The lower content of helix in trypsin-treated LDL suggests that certain helical regions in apolipoprotein B are sensitive to tryptic attack; however, a major portion of the helical structure of the apolipoprotein is resistant. The thermal stability of helix in trypsin-treated LDL resembled that of native LDL, suggesting that removal of the trypsin-accessible regions of the apolipoprotein has little or no effect on the forces stabilizing the remaining helices. Data on the induced circular dichroism of beta-carotene, an intrinsic probe of the neutral lipid core, showed a reduced transition temperature for cholesteryl esters after trypsin treatment. This finding suggests that the trypsin-accessible regions of apolipoprotein B may influence the fluidity of the core. PMID- 6626568 TI - The low-density lipoprotein pathway of cultured Leydig tumor cells. Utilization of low-density lipoprotein-derived cholesterol for steroidogenesis. AB - We have previously reported that low-density lipoprotein (LDL) enhances and prolongs steroidogenesis in human choriogonadotropin (CG)-stimulated Leydig tumor cells (MA-10). The studies described herein elucidate the mechanisms by which LDL increases human CG stimulated steroidogenesis. Our results show that the MA-10 cells express the classic LDL pathway. LDL is bound to specific surface binding sites which are regulated by the level of intracellular cholesterol. The cellular processing of bound LDL is temperature-dependent and is inhibited by blocking lysosomal function. By using an LDL derivative in which the core cholesteryl esters have been replaced with [3H]cholesteryl linoleate, we show that LDL cholesterol is rapidly utilized for steroid hormone synthesis. The utilization of LDL cholesterol quantitatively accounts for the LDL-induced augmentation of steroidogenesis. We also show that the addition of LDL to human CG-stimulated MA 10 cells maintains cellular free and esterified cholesterol levels and increases progesterone biosynthesis. The addition of LDL does not, however, affect the cellular utilization of preexisting cholesterol stores for steroidogenesis. PMID- 6626569 TI - Uptake and metabolism of radioactively labeled sphingomyelin in cultured skin fibroblasts from controls and patients with Niemann-Pick disease and other lysosomal storage diseases. AB - The metabolism of [stearoyl-1-14C]- and [choline-methyl-14C]sphingomyelin, [stearoyl-1-14C]ceramide-1-phospho-N,N-dimethylethanolamine (demethylsphingomyelin) and [choline-methyl-14C]phosphatidylcholine was measured 1, 3 and 5 days after uptake from the media of cultured skin fibroblasts. This was done to measure the relative contributions of lysosomal sphingomyelinase and plasma membrane phosphocholine transferase on the metabolism of sphingomyelin, a component of all cell membranes. By using cell lines from controls and from patients with Niemann-Pick disease and other lysosomal storage diseases, it was concluded that a significant portion (10-15%) of the observed degradation of sphingomyelin is due to exchange of the phosphocholine moiety producing phosphatidylcholine. Although cell lines from type A and B Niemann-Pick disease have only 0-2% of lysosomal sphingomyelinase activity measured in vitro, three cell lines from type B Niemann-Pick disease could metabolize 54.4% of the labeled sphingomyelin by day 3 while cell lines from type A Niemann-Pick disease could only metabolize 18.5% by day 3. This compares to 86.7% metabolized in control cells by day 3. Cells from one patient with juvenile Niemann-Pick disease and one with type D Niemann-Pick disease metabolized sphingomyelin normally while cells from two other patients with juvenile or type C Niemann-Pick disease could only metabolize 58.2% by day 3. Cells from patients with I-cell disease and 'lactosylceramidosis' also demonstrated decreased metabolism of sphingomyelin (55.1 and 54.9% by day 3, respectively). Cells from the patient with Farber disease accumulated [14C]stearic acid-labeled ceramide produced from [14C]sphingomyelin. Studies with choline-labeled sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine demonstrated that phosphocholine exchange takes place in either direction in the cells, and this is normal in Niemann-Pick disease. Studies in cells from patients with all clinical types of sphingomyelinase deficiency have led to new methods for diagnosis and prognosis and to a better understanding of sphingomyelin metabolism. PMID- 6626570 TI - An improved procedure for the quantitative determination and characterization of sulfatides in rat kidney and brain by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A significant improvement has been made in the desulfation step of our previously published HPLC determination of cerebrosides, sulfatides, and monogalactosyl diacylglycerols (Nonaka, G. and Kishimoto, Y., Biochim. Biophys. Acta 572 (1978) 423-431). Instead of the original two-phase reaction, a solution of trifluoroacetic acid in ethyl acetate is used for the solvolysis in the new method. The revised method was used to determine the levels of cerebrosides and sulfatides in rat kidney. Among four individual glycosphingolipids studied, hydroxysulfatide was present at the highest level (0.7-1.3 nmol/mg of dry tissue), followed by nonhydroxysulfatide (0.3-0.8 nmol/mg of dry tissue). Hydroxycerebroside (0.09-0.16 nmol/mg of dry tissue) and nonhydroxycerebroside (0.03-0.09 nmol/mg of dry tissue) were present in smaller quantities. There appear to be no significant differences between male and female animals of different ages (30-120 days), although the amounts decreased slightly in older animals and there was a higher concentration in female than in male kidney. Tissue size was significantly smaller in females. The homolog composition of rat kidney sulfatide was studied by reverse-phase HPLC, and was found to be significantly different from that reported in human kidney. Rat sulfatides contained fatty acids with a higher degree of saturation and longer chain length. Preliminary studies indicated that rat kidney contained unusually large quantities of C25:1 and C27:1 fatty acids and also that there was more C26:1 than C24:1 acid. In brain of the same animals the ratio of nonhydroxy to hydroxysulfatide decreased with age (1.5:1 in 30-day-old brain; 1:1 at 90 days). PMID- 6626571 TI - Alterations of renal cortex and medullary glycosaminoglycans in aging dog kidney. AB - Age-related changes in renal function have been attributed to alterations in the chemical composition of the kidney tissues. Hence, the glycosaminoglycan composition of the renal cortex and medulla at varying age intervals was investigated. Glycosaminoglycans were isolated from the tissues by means of digestion with collagenase and pronase and purified by ethanol precipitation. Subsequent separation of various polyanions was accomplished by ion exchange chromatography on a Dowex 1-X2 column, using sodium chloride buffers of increasing ionic strengths. The glycosaminoglycans in each fraction were identified and quantitated by digestion with specific enzymes, including hyaluronidase, chondroitinase AC and ABC. The enzyme resistant material was separated and further digested with nitrous acid to quantitate the proportion of heparon sulfate. The results indicate that the glycosaminoglycan content of the renal medulla was much higher than the cortex at all the age intervals studied, and age-induced reduction was mainly cortical. There was a significant reduction in the heparan sulfate content of the cortex in aging. Interestingly, the major glycosaminoglycan content of the medulla was hyaluronic acid, which showed a sharp increase during aging, whereas heparan sulfate declined. Chondroitin sulfate was not altered due to age in either tissue. The molecular weight of hyaluronic acid was determined by column chromatography. Results indicate that the size of hyaluronate in the cortex was small and did not vary with age. In the medulla of the younger age group, a considerable amount of large size hyaluronate was observed. As age increased, the size decreased. The results strongly suggest that alteration in the renal glycosaminoglycans may be partly responsible for the age related protinuria and ionic imbalance. PMID- 6626572 TI - Purification to homogeneity of the nuclear estrogen receptor from chick liver. AB - The nuclear estradiol receptor from chick liver was purified to apparent homogeneity by using a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation and affinity gel chromatography. The purified receptor migrated as a single band on an SDS polyacrylamide gel with a molecular weight of 55000 and it exhibited a sedimentation coefficient of 4 S, a dissociation constant of 1.13 nM and a steroid specificity resembling that of the receptor in crude extracts. PMID- 6626573 TI - The use of two-dimensional correlated spectroscopy to obtain new assignments in the high-resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the biantennary complex oligosaccharide isolated from human serum transferrin by hydrazinolysis. AB - The asialo biantennary complex type oligosaccharide from human serum transferrin was isolated by hydrazinolysis, a method which results in the quantitative release of the intact oligosaccharide free of all amino acids. The 1H-NMR chemical shifts of the previously assigned anomeric and H-2 protons from the peripheral residues of the glycopeptide are identical to the corresponding values for the reduced oligosaccharide. The chemical shift of GlcNAc-1 H-1 proton in the reduced oligosaccharide was assigned by selective deuteration. Proton J connectivities were determined using two-dimensional 1H-1H correlated high resolution NMR spectroscopy. Twelve new assignments were made within the central envelope of the NMR spectrum and a further six were tentatively proposed. The ability to assign proton resonances in this way should allow further conformational studies of the oligosaccharide using nuclear Overhauser effects between the relevant assigned protons on different saccharide residues (Homans, S.W., Dwek, R.A., Fernandes, D.L. and Rademacher, T.W. (1982) FEBS Lett. 150, 503 506). PMID- 6626574 TI - Heterogeneity in gastrointestinal mucins. AB - Pig digestive tract mucins have often been used as model mucins for studying mucin structure, function and metabolism. In the present study pig gastric mucin and pig colonic mucin in the subunit form have been characterised and compared. Following Sepharose 4B or 2B-CL gel chromatography, the mucin eluant fractions were assayed colorimetrically by both the periodic acid-Schiff and the Alcian blue binding assays. Subunit colonic mucin eluted as a single unimodel peak that was easily detected by both assays. In contrast, subunit gastric mucin gave a peak primarily detected by periodic acid-Schiff that was overlapped by, but partially separated from, another peak primarily detected by Alcian blue. Subunit gastric mucin was separated into two periodic acid-Schiff staining spots when electrophoresed on cellulose acetate. Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) was able to precipitate only about half the subunit gastric mucin. The CPC-precipitable subunit gastric mucin corresponded to the faster running spot on electrophoresis, and the subunit gastric mucin in the CPC supernatant (which may have more than one subunit mucin type) to the slower spot(s). The former had a higher sulphate content and stained with Alcian blue. The latter had a lower sulphate content and showed very little Alcian blue reactivity. These results indicate that subunit pig gastric mucin is heterogeneous with respect to both size and charge. The differences between the types may be important in biological and physiochemical behaviour of gastric mucin. It seems likely that different laboratories may have worked on one or other of the pig gastric mucin types or a mixture, depending on the preparation method. PMID- 6626575 TI - Polar metabolites of di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in the rat. AB - Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is an important industrial chemical widely used as a plasticizer for vinyl and other plastics. DEHP is extensively metabolized by mammals, different species showing dramatic differences in metabolite distributions. Previous studies of the metabolism in rats led to the suggestion that the enzymatic processes normally associated with omega-, omega-1, alpha-, and beta-oxidation of fatty acids could account for the known metabolites of DEHP found in the urine. Several additional metabolites of DEHP have been identified in the present study. Their formation requires that the initial hydroxylation process be less specific than fatty acid omega- and omega-1 oxidation are thought to be. Furthermore, it is necessary to postulate either that the aliphatic chain of mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate can be oxidized at two sites simultaneously, or that oxidation products can be recycled for a second hydroxylation prior to excretion. PMID- 6626576 TI - Double-stranded RNA-stimulated enzyme activities isolated from human placental extracts. AB - A (2'-5')An synthetase activity was isolated from human placental extracts by affinity chromatography on poly(rI) . poly(rC)-agarose. The oligonucleotide (2' 5')An was identified by (1) chromatography on PEI-cellulose and DEAE-cellulose, (2) inhibition of polypeptide synthesis in lysed rabbit reticulocytes (3) competition of the binding of pppA(pA)3,3'-[32P]pCp to rabbit reticulocyte lysates, and (4) alkaline phosphatase digestion. The synthetase activity in most placental preparations is activated by natural or synthetic dsRNA. However, in a few placental synthetase preparations, dsRNA is only marginally stimulatory and only becomes effective by prior treatment of the enzyme preparations with the calcium-dependent micrococcal nuclease. This suggests that there is an endogenous placental dsRNA contaminant in the enzyme preparations. In some synthetase preparations, a second dsRNA-stimulated product, tentatively identified as the nucleotide 5'-IMP, is also observed. Because the specific AMP deaminase inhibitor coformycin (10 microM) blocks the formation of IMP from ATP and causes a quantitative accumulation of AMP, and because the formation of IMp becomes independent of dsRNA when ADP or AMP is used in place of ATP, the presence of a dsRNA-stimulated ATP phosphohydrolase (ATPase) activity in human placenta is suggested. PMID- 6626577 TI - Glucuronic acid-containing glycopeptide from squid cartilage. AB - A glycopeptide fraction containing glucuronic acid as a component sugar was extracted and purified from squid cartilage to give a single band migrating much slower than hyaluronic acid in cellulose acetate electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the glycopeptide was fairly large since its Kav value in Sephadex G-200 chromatography was 0.18; however, it was soluble in 66% ethanol. This glycopeptide contained glucuronic acid, glucosamine, galactosamine, galactose, and fucose. The total amino acid content was 1.87 mumol of amino acid per mg of the glycopeptide. Threonine, serine and proline represented 80% of the amino acids. Digestion with chondroitinase ABC or reaction with nitrous acid did not result in degradation of the glycopeptide; however, it was completely degraded by reaction with 0.5 M KOH at 37 degrees C. Two hexasaccharides were separated from the alkaline degradation products, and they both contained glucuronic acid, fucose, galactosamine, and reducing terminal glucosamine in the molar ratio, 2:1:2:1. These results indicated that the glycopeptide contains glucuronic acid containing sugar chains that are distinct from any known glycosaminoglycan. PMID- 6626578 TI - Identification of Leb antigens in meconium of a phenotypically a Le(a+ b-) non secretor individual. AB - Blood group active fucolipids of human meconium have been shown to correlate to the ABH and Lewis blood groups and to the secretor status of the corresponding children. Using a monoclonal anti-Leb antibody and an antibody to chromatogram binding assay the presence of Leb antigens in meconium of a phenotypically A Le(a+ b-) non-secretor individual is here demonstrated. Phenotype was determined on cord blood and saliva obtained 2 years after birth. PMID- 6626579 TI - Cell-free synthesis and transport of precursors of mutant ornithine carbamoyltransferases into mitochondria. AB - Synthesis, mitochondrial transport and processing of ornithine carbamoyltransferase (EC 2.1.3.3) were studied in mutant mice strains (sparse fur, spf, and sparse-fur with abnormal skin and hair, spf-ash) which exhibit a deficiency in this enzyme. Spf mice have an increased amount (about 150% of control) of the enzyme with abnormal kinetic properties, whereas spf-ash mice have a decreased amount (about 10% of control) of the enzyme with apparently normal kinetic properties. Precursors of the mutant enzymes were synthesized in a reticulocyte lysate cell-free system. The hepatic level of translatable mRNA coding for the enzyme and the rate of the enzyme synthesis in liver slices of spf mice were 58 and 60% of the controls, respectively. In the case of spf-ash mice the activity of translatable mRNA for the enzyme was 10% of the controls. These results indicate that the decreased amount of ornithine carbamoyltransferase protein in spf-ash mice is due mainly to a decreased level of translatable mRNA for the enzyme, whereas the increase in the enzyme amount in spf mice is presumably the result of a decreased rate of enzyme degradation. The subunit molecular weight of the spf enzyme precursor was practically the same as that of the normal enzyme precursor (Mr 40 000). Both precursors synthesized in vitro could be taken up and processed similarly to an apparently mature form (Mr 37 000). In the case of spf-ash enzyme, two discrete in vitro products were observed on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel; one comigrated with the normal enzyme precursor and the other moved slightly slower. Both products appeared to be taken up and processed to the mature form of the enzyme. PMID- 6626580 TI - Composition and ultrastructure of calcium phosphate-citrate complexes in bovine milk systems. AB - The present studies show that the colloidal calcium phosphate of cows' milk has a (Ca + Mg)/Pi ratio of 1.67 (+/- 0.10; n = 22) and contains citrate, Mg and Zn at molar ratios to Ca averaging 0.05, 0.03 and 0.003, respectively. The composition of the natural colloidal phosphate of milk is similar to the precipitates formed by neutralization of ultrafiltrates obtained from acidified milks, and to that of the calcium phosphate-enriched fraction produced by extensive enzymic hydrolysis of the casein micelles in milk. Examination by electron microscopy of these artificial preparations of milk calcium phosphate revealed in both a very fine and uniform substructure which consisted of granules having an average, true diameter of approx. 2.5 nm. The size and shape of these tiny granules closely resemble the morphologies reported for the colloidal phosphate particles in native casein micelles, as well as for the subunits of amorphous calcium phosphate observed during calcification in other biological systems such as mitochondria and bone. PMID- 6626581 TI - Steroidogenesis despite a variant metabolism in primary cultures of pig granulosa cells. AB - Enzymic changes in primary cultures of granulosa cells over 9 days were measured and compared with changes occurring during follicular development in vivo. Characteristic of in vivo development of granulosa cells was a large increase in activities of the NADP+-dependent isocitrate, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases and malic enzyme, and smaller increases in the activities of the NAD+-dependent lactate and malate dehydrogenases. In vitro, the NAD+-dependent dehydrogenases increased in activity, while the NADP+-dependent enzymes showed transient or no changes. Despite the uncharacteristic metabolism, granulosa cells in culture could synthesize steroids. Our results suggest that the cells in vitro and in vivo use different metabolic pathways to support syntheses dependent on reducing equivalents. PMID- 6626582 TI - Changes in protein glycosylation during chick embryo development. AB - To investigate the molecular changes in cell-surface glycoproteins during chick embryo development, fibroblasts from 8- and 16-day embryos were extensively digested by pronase after (i) metabolic labeling with radioactive precursors and (ii) external labeling. Two main classes of glycopeptide pronase digestion product were distinguished by Sephadex G-50 column chromatography. The large material excluded was mostly composed of glycosaminoglycans. The small retarded glycopeptides underwent age-related modifications. Those in the 8-day cells were mainly N-linked, whereas 16-day cells contained both O- and N-linked glycopeptides. The evolution of high-mannose chains in younger cells to complex type chains in the older cells is suggested by (i) the decrease in the mannose-to galactose and mannose-to-N-acetylglucosamine ratio with embryo development, and (ii) the fact that endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H treatment released more oligomannosyls from younger than from older embryo cell glycopeptides. Small glycopeptides were also more highly sialylated in 16-day cells than in 8-day cells. The present results provide the first biochemical evidence that both quantitative and qualitative modifications occur in cell-surface glycoconjugates during the late stages of chick embryo development. PMID- 6626583 TI - Structural and physical changes in lysosomes from isolated rat hepatocytes treated with methylamine. AB - Incubation of isolated rat hepatocytes with 10 mM methylamine resulted in an inhibition of endogenous protein degradation and a microscopically visible enlargement of the lysosomes. Lysosomes from methylamine-treated cells exhibited increased buoyancy in metrizamide gradients and increased fragility as measured by the release of acid phosphatase activity in vitro, despite the fact that no methylamine remained in the gradient-isolated organelles. When methylamine was extracted from intact cells, the inhibition of protein degradation was immediately relieved, whereas the lysosomal enlargement (and to a certain extent also the increased fragility) persisted for some time. The methylamine-induced osmotic swelling of the lysosomes would thus seem to involve not merely a passive stretching of the lysosomal membrane, but rather some structural change (e.g., an increased amount of membrane material) which is relatively slowly reversible, but without effect on lysosomal function. PMID- 6626584 TI - Ionophore monensin induces Na+-dependent secretion from rabbit neutrophils. requirement for intracellular Ca2+ stores. AB - Rabbit (and human) neutrophils release the secretory enzyme beta-glucuronidase when treated with the ionophore monensin in the presence of Na+. Release of beta glucuronidase occurs without loss of the cytosol enzyme lactate dehydrogenase and a number of other features of the release process lead us to conclude that a normal exocytotic mechanism is involved. These include sensitivity to metabolic inhibition, enhancement of release induced by cytochalasin B and a requirement for internal sources of Ca2+ when the cells are stimulated with monensin in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. The release process due to monensin differs from that due to receptor directed agonists such as fMet-Leu-Phe and the Ca2+ ionophores A23187 and ionomycin in respect of a prolonged time-course which extends over 20 min; nor do monensin-stimulated neutrophils generate the superoxide anion. The results are discussed in the light of reports which indicate a role for Na+ in the activation of neutrophils by other ligands. PMID- 6626585 TI - Increased sulphation level and altered composition of glycosaminoglycans synthesized by cultured smooth muscle cells in the presence of beta-D-xylosides. AB - Cultured rat and bovine smooth muscle cells incorporated more 35SO4 into macromolecular glycosaminoglycans in the presence of beta-D-xylosides than in their absence. More than 90% of the xyloside-initiated glycosaminoglycans were secreted rapidly into the culture medium and were more highly sulphated than glycosaminoglycans polymerized on core protein. The increased extents of sulphation were associated with increased synthesis of dermatan sulphate and a decrease in that of nitrous acid-sensitive glycosaminoglycans. PMID- 6626586 TI - Effect of pyridoxine on the inhibition by dexamethasone of murine erythroleukemia cell differentiation. AB - Glucocorticoids are known to inhibit the induced differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells. I show here that the binding of glucocorticoid receptors to the intact nuclei of these cells is reduced by exogenous extracellular pyridoxine (1-4 mM). This reduction of glucocorticoid-receptor binding did not abrogate the inhibition by dexamethasone of the induced differentiation. PMID- 6626587 TI - I--isolation and electron microscope studies of a potent platelet-aggregating glycoprotein from the venom of Crotalus durissus cascavella. AB - A potent acid-soluble platelet-aggregating glycoprotein was purified from the venom of Crotalus durissus cascavella by molecular sieve chromatography on Sephadex G-75 and by adsorption onto Sepharose 4B gels at acidic pH. This new protein with an apparent Mr of 300,000 at acidic pH and containing a low amount of sugars is non-toxic for mice. Electron microscope studies showed that the platelet-aggregating glycoprotein appeared as regular rosettes of 150 A in diameter at acidic pH and underwent polymerization in rod-like particles in the presence of sodium chloride. This glycoprotein, probably hydrophobic, is dissociated into an active molecular form whose apparent Mr was 144,000; however, it is believed to still be a not totally dissociated molecule. PMID- 6626588 TI - A systems model for the pupil size effect. I. Transient data. AB - The human pupillary control system is a paradigm for linearized biological control systems. It also exhibits a series of interesting nonlinear behaviors, particularly asymmetry, "pupillary escape," and "pupillary capture." We present a nonlinear model in which a signal dependent upon pupil size is fed back internally to cause a change in system parameters related to gains and rates of light adaptation. The model was simulated on a digital computer, a variety of experimental data was well matched, and improvements over previous pupil models demonstrated. A candidate physiological mechanism for adaptive components of the model might have the form of an inverse "Henneman coded" neuronal pool. PMID- 6626589 TI - On the analysis of the cat's pattern recognition system. AB - The objective of the paper is to determine in abstract terms the algorithms used by the cat detecting simple patterns and to quantify the contributions of the visual areas 17, 18, 19 for this task. The data incorporated in the algorithm are collected from behavioral experiments where the animals had to distinguish between two patterns. The patterns were superimposed with gaussian noise and the detection probability was measured. The resulting model describes pattern recognition in two steps: first extraction of features and second classification. The test of the validity of the model system was to predict the outcome of similar experiments but with different patterns. With the help of the model it is possible to describe the effect of a lesion in parametric form. This in turn gives some hints about the functions of the visual areas 17, 18, 19 for the specific fask, tested in the experiments. PMID- 6626590 TI - Textural segmentation, second-order statistics, and textural elements. AB - Beck (1972, 1973) hypothesized that textural segmentation occurs strongly on the basis of simple properties such as brightness, color, size, and the slopes of contours and lines of the elemental descriptors of a texture or textural elements. The experiment reported supports the hypothesis that specific stimulus features, rather than second-order statistics, account for textural segmentation. The results agree with Julesz (1981a,b) who has reported evidence disproving his original conjecture of the importance of second-order statistics. Julesz (1981a,b) now hypothesizes textural segmentation to be a function of local features which he called textons. Textons are features that give textural segmentation when textures have identical second-order statistics. The two hypotheses are to date in complete agreement on the stimulus features producing textural segmentation, and the experiment reported is consistent with both. PMID- 6626591 TI - Parameter estimation of the threshold time function in the neural system. AB - An algorithm for parameter estimation is presented for the neural system model. Because of its firing mechanism analogous to that of the model based on the first time crossing problem, this problem is solved numerically for our model according to the results of Kostyukov et al. (1981). We propose the algorithm that estimates the parameters of the model considering the equivalence between the probability density function of the 1st crossing time and that of the interspike interval, which is derived from the interspike interval histogram by making use of the spline function technique. The ability of the algorithm is ensured by the application to the simulated interspike interval data. The parameter estimation is carried out also for the practical neural data recorded in the cat's optic tract fibers in both the spontaneous and the stimulated cases. These applications will show the effectiveness of the algorithm in practical cases. PMID- 6626592 TI - Effects of muscle model parameter dispersion and multi-loop segmental interaction on the neuromuscular system performance. AB - The effects of parameter dispersion among motor units on the neuromuscular system performance as well as interaction between muscle segments and spinal cord mechanisms are investigated. Elementary components of the system are modeled to simulate with simple models their input-output characteristics. A leaky SS-IPFM encoder with a time-dependent threshold simulates the motor-neuron encoding characteristics. An amplitude and time dependent nonlinear model represent the motor unit mechanical output to neuronal input relationship. The dispersion of parameters in the components of the whole muscle control model is investigated in the open loop mode. It is shown that the dispersion of parameters in the multi efferent channels converging on a common tendon provides a spatial filtration generating a smoother muscle force in addition to extending the linear dynamic range compared to a similar system having identical motor units. Muscle segmental interaction is investigated in this distributed model by closing the loop through a coupling matrix, representing afferent-motorneuron interaction on the spinal cord level. A diagonal matrix represents no segmental interaction and a uniform matrix represents a uniform interaction between segments through the muscle spindles and Golgi tendon feedback elements. The close loop simulation studied shows that (a). The type of segmental interaction has little effect on the overall system performance, i.e., range of linerity and stability, which is the result of having a muscle system with a large number of motor units. (b) There are only minor differences in results between the uniform and normal parameter distributions tested. (c) A loop gain of 4 divided by 8 in the distributed model can provide linearity through the full physiological force range. (d) Type of segmental interaction has significant effects on the individual segment. A uniform matrix provides a more stable segment due to the spatial filtration resulting from the segmental interaction, while the diagonal noninteracting matrix shows instabilities on the local segmental level despite global stability. The more realistic exponentially decaying spatial interaction matrix yields both global neuromuscular and local segmental stability with the same linear dynamic range generated with the uniform or diagonal matrices. PMID- 6626593 TI - Re-examination of a linear systems approach to the behavior of mammalian muscle spindles. AB - A model consisting of the parallel arrangement of one position-dependent and three first order velocity-dependent components is proposed in order to describe the behavior of muscle spindles. The responses of spindle receptors to ramp stretches have previously been characterized by fractional power functions; the aim of this study is to generate these functions on the basis of a simple additive linear model. A procedure is described which yields model parameters from responses to ramp and triangular displacements. Tests of the model are performed by comparing its predictions with experimental data from muscle spindles in cat and rat. PMID- 6626594 TI - Optimal control of antagonistic muscles. AB - Recently, a model for a pair of antagonistic muscles has been studied (Oguztoreli and Stein, 1982). In the present paper we formulate and investigate the minimization of the costs associated with the time to complete the movement, the oscillation about the endpoint, the energy costs to the muscles to complete the movement, the cost to the nervous system to supply the inputs, and the cost of reliability in the face of perturbing forces. To solve these optimization problems the maximum principle of Pontryagin is employed. In all of these optimization problems, except the energy optimal problem, the optimal controls (active states or nervous inputs) are of the bang-bang type. PMID- 6626595 TI - [Regulation of the number and function of mitochondria during artificial increase of their mass in fish embryos]. AB - The mechanisms of mitochondrial mass reduction were investigated by microinjection of mitochondria in developing loach embryos. This reduction can be due to the degradation of the injected mitochondria or to the triggering of regulatory mechanisms. In the latter case the decrease of mitochondrial excess should be caused by exogenous and endogenous mitochondria of the embryos. When the protein-labelled mitochondria were injected into unlabelled eggs or the unlabelled mitochondria were injected into the eggs containing labelled mitochondria, the label content in the mitochondrial protein was decreased 2-fold within 12 hours and then remained unchanged at later stages of embryogenesis. After injection of 3H-labelled mitochondria into the 14C-labelled eggs the 3H/14C ratio in the mitochondrial protein during embryogenesis remained unchanged. These data suggest that the restoration of the normal amount of the mitochondrial mass is caused by the triggering of regulatory mechanisms. Oxygen uptake in the embryos with the artificially increased amount of mitochondria is maintained at a control level or even below control, i. e. undergoes regulation. In the homogenates of these embryos the regulatory control is absent and oxygen uptake is proportional to the amount of mitochondria. PMID- 6626596 TI - [Properties of NAD binding by synaptic membranes of rat brain]. AB - The binding of [14C]NAD to rat brain synaptic membranes is reversible and depends on incubation time, temperature and protein concentration in the reaction mixture. The value of the rate constant for [14C]NAD binding to the synaptic membranes at 24 degrees C (kl) is 1.1 X 10(-6) M-1 S-1, the rate constant for dissociation of the [14C]NAD-receptor complex (k-1) is 3.3 X 10(-3) S-1. The value of the constant for the ligand dissociation from this complex (Kd) is 3.0 nmole. Treatment of the experimental results in the Scatchard plots for the equilibrium binding of [14C]NAD to the synaptic membranes demonstrated that the receptor sites with high and low affinities for the ligand (Kd1 = 3.3 nmol, Kd2 = 14.4 nmole) and with binding capacities of 44 and 77 pmole of [14C]NAD, respectively. It was found that the synaptosomal membrane components which bind the labelled NAD have a protein nature. Data from [14C]NAD and [nicotinamide 3H]NAD binding suggest that brain synaptic membranes bind NAD at the nicotinamide and adenylic moieties. PMID- 6626597 TI - [Distribution of elongation factors EF-1 and EF-2 among components of rabbit reticulocyte lysate]. AB - The distribution of activity of the elongation factors EF-1 and EF-2 among the components of rabbit reticulocyte lysate separated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation was studied. At low ionic strength (0.01 M KCl) about 30% of the EF-1 activity was found in polyribosomes. At moderate ionic strength (0.1 M KCl) the EF-1 activity was absent in the polyribosomes. An addition of RNA excess to the lysate prior to centrifugation at low ionic strength resulted in elimination of the EF-1 activity from the polyribosomes. This indicates that EF-1 is reversibly bound to the polyribosomes and that EF-1 may be retained on them due to interaction with RNA of polysomes mediated by its RNA-binding site. After dissociation of polyribosomes containing EF-1 in the presence of EDTA and subsequent fractionation of the dissociation products at low ionic strength (0.01 M KCl) the EF-1 activity was revealed in the ribosomal subparticles (predominantly in 60S). At 0.1 M KCl EF-1 mainly sedimented in the zone of distribution of polyribosomal informosomes. The elongation factor EF-2 was not revealed in polyribosomes during lysate centrifugation even at low ionic strength which corresponds to its lower affinity for RNA. PMID- 6626598 TI - [New data on the biological activity of pituitary somatotropin fragment 77-107]. AB - Some new evidence on the biological activity of somatotropin fragment 77-107 is given. This fragment was prepared from whale somatotropin by tryptic hydrolysis. Beside the previously established ability of the hormone to increase the width of the tibial epiphyseal cartilage in hypophysectomized rats ("tibia" test) two other properties of the fragment indicative of its growth-promoting activity were established. The fragment enhances DNA biosynthesis in cultured human fibroblasts and increases the somatomedin content in blood serum of hypophysectomized rats. However, the fragment unlike the native hormone does not exert any metabolic action on adipose tissue "in vitro", i. e. does not stimulate the nonesterified fatty acid release into the medium. A comparison of the biological activity spectrum of native somatotropin and of its fragment 77-107 suggests that the biochemical information required for the realization of a prolonged growth promoting effect and a relatively rapid action of the hormone on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism is contained in different parts of the polypeptide chain. PMID- 6626599 TI - [Dynamic organization of the electron transport chain in bacterial membrane by radiation inactivation]. AB - A complete cross-linking of proteins in isolated Micrococcus lysodeikticus membranes under effect of glutaric aldehyde causes 50% inhibition of the NADH oxidase activity. Using the irradiation inactivation procedure, it was demonstrated that the size of the irradiation target for NADH-oxidase coincides with that for NADH-dehydrogenase and makes up to about 50 KD. In glutaric aldehyde-treated membranes the target size for NADH-oxidase is 3 times more than that, i.e. 150 KD. It is assumed that the effective electron transfer is mediated by a carrier assembly united into a supramolecular complex with a terminal life time. Different assemblies exchange their components due to lateral diffusion of proteins in the membrane, which can account for the small size of the irradiation target for the oxidase activity. PMID- 6626600 TI - [Purification and immunochemical characteristics of a specific membrane protein from human brain]. AB - Three specific antigens, PS-1, PS-2 and PS-3 were identified by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The proteins were solubilized from adult human brain crude membrane fraction with Triton X-100 and purified by column chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose CL 4B. The PS-3 antigen was shown to be identical to protein D2. Antigen PS-2 was purified by affinity column chromatography consecutively with phenyl-Sepharose CL 4B, concanavalin Sepharose 4B, lysin-Sepharose and phytohemagglutinin-Sepharose. The tissue specificity of the protein was characterized by rocket-line immunoelectrophoresis of the extracts from various human tissues in interpose gel. Protein PS-2 was detected in fetal human brain tissue in large amounts. The fetal protein form did not absorb on phenyl Sepharose. PS-2 is an interspecies brain protein which gives a criss-cross immunochemical reaction with ox and rat brain extracts. Protein PS-2 content is 30% of the total protein content of adult human brain crude membrane fraction. PMID- 6626601 TI - [Comparative analysis of the interaction of highly purified glucocorticoid receptor complexes from rat liver with homologous and heterologous cell nuclei]. AB - The binding of glucocorticoid-receptor complexes (GRC) from rat liver purified 1000-2000-fold to homologous and heterologous cell nuclei was investigated. The purified GRC preparations were examined by gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel in the presence of Na-DS. The binding of GRC to the nuclei was characterized in terms of associate resistance to KCl. It was found that the isolated nuclei of the non homologous tissue of the same species (rat brain) or of the heterologous tissues (liver and brain) of phylogenetically different species (pigeon, frog) can bind rat liver GRC in the same degree or even more than the homologous nuclei. Some tissue- and species-dependent peculiarities of GRC binding capacity of the nuclei were revealed. The GRC binding capacity of pigeon nuclei is somewhat higher than that of rat nuclei, while the corresponding ability of frog brain nuclei is higher than that of frog liver nuclei. The GRC-nuclei associates are more resistant to KCl than the GRC--pure DNA associates. PMID- 6626603 TI - [Effect of clofibrate on the polypeptide content of a purified fraction of rat liver peroxisomes]. AB - The effects of the hypolipaemic agent clofibrate on rat liver peroxisomes and of its "ghosts" obtained by solubilization of peroxisomal matrix peptides were studied by Na-DS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Clofibrate significantly altered the amount of some peroxisomal polypeptides which is correlated with its effect on the enzyme composition of these organelles. The possibility of identification of polypeptides in gels with subunits of some peroxisomal enzymes (catalase, urate oxidase, components of fatty acid beta-oxidation chain, etc.) is discussed. PMID- 6626602 TI - [Ability of cellulases to degrade crystalline cellulose as a result of their effective adsorption on the substrate: experimental confirmation and theoretical interpretation]. AB - It was shown experimentally that the increase in the adsorption ability of cellulases leads to a sharp increase of the rate of the enzymatic degradation of crystalline cellulose. At the same time the rate of degradation of amorphous cellulose does not depend on the adsorption ability of cellulases. These effects have been explained using a model which takes into consideration the influence of the structure of the solid substrate on the surface mobility of the adsorbed molecules of the enzyme. The equations were derived which inter-relate the catalytic and the adsorptive properties of cellulases. PMID- 6626604 TI - [Inhibitors of nitrite oxidation of hemoglobin]. AB - The effects of sodium benzoate, ascorbic acid and cystein on the kinetics of oxidation of oxyhemoglobin in the presence of sodium nitrite were studied. It was shown that sodium benzoate and ascorbic acid suppress nitrite methemoglobin formation more intensively than cystein. Both compounds can also inhibit nitrite oxidation of intraerythrocyte hemoglobin. Possible mechanisms underlying the inhibiting effects of sodium benzoate, ascorbic acid and cystein are discussed. PMID- 6626605 TI - [High molecular weight protein consisting of 14 monomers from pea leaves]. AB - A new high molecular weight protein has been detected in pea leaves. Using electron microscopy it has been demonstrated that this protein consists of 14 identical monomers with a point 72 symmetry arranged in two layers, 7 monomers in each. The molecular weight of the protein as determined by gel filtration and sedimentation equilibrium method is equal to 900000 +/- 150000 and 950000 +/- 50000, respectively. The sedimentation coefficient for the protein is 24.3 +/- 1.0S. During SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the protein dissociates into identical polypeptide chains with molecular weight of 67000 +/- 3000. The circular dichroism spectra of the protein reveal that the percentage of alpha helix portions, beta-structures, beta-turns and irregular portions is 0.45 +/- 0.06, 0.31 +/- 0.03, 0.09 +/- 0.03 and 0.15 +/- 0.07, respectively. The protein possesses a weak ATPase activity. The protein content in the leaves changes in the course of development. PMID- 6626606 TI - [Differences in the action of antimycin and 2-nonyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide on oxidation-reduction of mitochondrial cytochromes b]. AB - The differences in the effects of two similar electron transfer inhibitors, antimycin and 2-nonyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide (HOQNO) on the reactions of cytochromes b are described. In the cyanide-inhibited submitochondrial particles of bovine heart, HOQNO strongly stimulates cytochrome b reduction by ascorbate in the presence of redox mediators, e. g. N,N,N',N'-tetramethylparaphenylene diamine, 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, diaminodurol and phenazine methosulfate; this effect can be reversed by antimycin. Addition of both inhibitors to the submitochondrial particles aerobically equilibrated with succinate/fumarate redox buffer at E = +54 mV in the presence of cyanide results in a similar reduction of cytochromes b, which in the case of antimycin is readily reversed by phenazine methosulfate but is resistant to this redox mediator in the presence of HOQNO. The latter causes additional reduction of cytochrome b562 in the argone atmosphere, the effect being reversed by antimycin. In the presence of HOQNO the anaerobic redox titration curve of cytochrome b562 is shifted towards a high potential region by 20-30 mV. An additional reduction of cytochromes b induced by HOQNO can be due to superposition of two effects, i. e. extra-reduction of cytochromes b566 and b562 requiring O2 and a true positive shift of E0 of cytochrome b562. PMID- 6626607 TI - [Interaction of diS-C3-(5) and ethylrhodamine with lymphocyte mitochondria]. AB - The interaction of thymocyte mitochondria with two types of dyes - potential indicators commonly used in lymphocyte studies, has been investigated. Ethylrhodamine at concentrations up to 16 microM does not influence the systems of oxidation and energy coupling in lymphocyte mitochondria. Carbocyanines-diS-C3 (5) and diO-C3-(5) inhibit oxygen uptake by the lymphocytes in the presence of glucose and pyruvate at the same low concentrations as does rotenone (40% inhibition occurs at 10 nM). DNP reduces the inhibition of respiration by carbocyanines but not by rotenone. The increase in the fluorescence of diS-C3-(5) and in the rate of oxygen uptake in the absence of diS-C3-(5) occurs at close concentrations of the uncoupler. This indicates that the changes in the fluorescence caused by FCCP reflect the membrane potential of lymphocyte mitochondria. The maintenance of the membrane potential in lymphocyte mitochondria in the presence of diS-C3-(5) provides evidence for the absence of the corresponding changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure after addition of 0.6 microM diS-C3-(5) which completely inhibits oxygen uptake. PMID- 6626608 TI - [Effect of 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol on estradiol-17 beta reception in pituitary cytosol of male and female rats]. AB - The strongest inhibiting effect of estradiol-17 beta (E2) reception in the cytosol fraction of male and female rat pituitary is exerted by 5 alpha androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol (3 beta-diol). Sucrose density linear gradient centrifugation of pituitary cytosol preincubated with [3H]E2 in the presence of 3 beta-diol demonstrated that in the pituitary cytosol of rats of both sexes 3 beta diol affects the non-specific binding of [3H]E2 around 4.5 S, when taken both at high and at low concentrations. The specific binding of [3H]E2 at 8.0-8.5 S is inhibited only by high concentrations of 3 beta-diol. It is assumed that 3 beta diol can take part in the regulation of E2 reception in male and female rat hypophyses. PMID- 6626609 TI - [Inhibition of lipid peroxidation by derivatives of o-benzoquinone in liver microsomes]. AB - It was found that o-benzquinone derivatives inhibit lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes. This is not due to the ability of these compounds to shunt electron transport pathways in microsomes. In the presence of reducing agents the o-benzquinone derivatives exist in two forms, i. e. oxidized (quinone) and reduced (diphenol) ones. It was shown that the diphenol form capable of interacting with free radicals exerts antioxidant effects. The experimental data suggest that these radicals are lipid peroxidation inducers. Unlike the free radical scavengers of a phenolic type, each o-benzquinone molecule can become involved in manyfold inhibition of lipid peroxidation. PMID- 6626610 TI - [Incorporation of some glycoconjugates into the membrane of liposomes and interaction of ganglioside-containing liposomes with rat hepatocytes in vitro]. AB - Inclusion of some glycosides, gangliosides and ceruloplasmin into large (300-400 nm in diameter) unilamellar liposomes was performed. About 100% of the gangliosides, 30-50% of ceruloplasmin and 3-5% of the glycosides were incorporated into the phospholipid vesicles under these conditions. The liposomes containing ceruloplasmin or gangliosides, in contrast to the glycoside-containing vesicles, were precipitated in the presence of agglutinin from Ricinus communis. The interaction of phospholipid vesicles containing gangliosides with rat hepatocytes "in vitro" was studied. It was found that the incorporation of gangliosides into the liposomal membrane increased the liposomal lipid uptake by 50% as can be judged from the uptake of radioactive cholesterol. Possible mechanisms of incorporation of carbohydrate-containing compounds into liposomes are discussed. It is concluded that beside the density of carbohydrates the degree of their exposure on the liposomal membrane is important for specific interactions of the vesicles with lectins. PMID- 6626611 TI - [Mitochondrial nature of newly synthesized DNA in aging coleoptiles of etiolated wheat shoots]. AB - In mature ageing coleoptiles as well as in cut-off etiolated wheat shoots exhausted by incubation in H2O nuclear DNA (nDNA) synthesis does not occur. However, the synthesis of another DNA is continued under these conditions. The parameters of this DNA (e. g. buoyant density, rho = 1.716 g/cm3, and composition - 56 mol.% GC) differs from those of nDNA (rho = 1.700 g/cm3, 44 mol.% GC). The newly synthesized DNA is non-methylated and metabolically stable. It is not sensitive to cycloheximide (20 micrograms/ml) but is markedly inhibited by ethidium bromide (2-10 micrograms/ml). The synthesis of this DNA is localized in the mitochondria, thus indicating that in ageing coleoptiles and exhausted wheat shoots all the newly synthesized DNA is of mitochondrial origin. PMID- 6626612 TI - [Mode of proteoliposome association with the planar bilayer phospholipid membrane]. AB - Proteoliposomes were reconstituted from bacteriorhodopsin sheets, azolectin and cholesterol with or without nystatin. The bacteriorhodopsin-mediated electrogenesis was monitored using proteoliposome suspension and phenyldicarbaundecaborane (PCB-) probe or proteoliposomes associated with a planar bilayer membrane. In the light PCB- was shown to be absorbed by proteoliposomes. The PCB- uptake was inhibited by nystatin added to the incubation mixture containing proteoliposomes when the latter were reconstituted in the presence of nystatin. Extraproteoliposomal nystatin had no influence when nystatin was omitted from the reconstitution system. The nystatin-containing proteoliposomes were associated with a planar bilayer azolectin membrane in the presence of Ga2+. In such a system bacteriorhodopsin generates a photocurrent which charges the proteoliposome-containing (cis-side) compartment negatively and the trans-side compartment positively. The photoresponse was shown to be increased severalfold when nystatin was added to the trans-side solution. Nystatin addition was ineffective when proteoliposomes were reconstituted without nystatin. Taking into account the fact that nystatin forms ion-permeable pores in a membrane only when present on both sides of the membrane and when this membrane is a bilayer one, one can explain the above data assuming that (i) the intraproteoliposomal solution does not mix with the extraproteoliposomal one when the proteoliposomes are attached to a planar black membrane and (ii) the attached proteoliposomes are separated from the trans-side bathing solution with a bimolecular membrane. If this is the case, nystatin in the trans-side bathing solution and inside the attached proteoliposomes can form pores across the part of the planar membrane which separates the proteoliposome interior from the trans side solution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6626613 TI - [Isolation of two forms of DNA polymerase alpha from roe of loach. Physico chemical properties of the isoenzymes]. AB - The procedures of isolation and purification of DNA polymerase alpha from mature eggs of the teleost fish Misgurnus fossilis (loach) are described. The two forms of DNA polymerase alpha were separated by chromatography on hydroxylapatite. The physical properties of the purified isoenzymes alpha 1 and alpha 2 were studied. Both forms of alpha-polymerase had the same values of the Stokes radius (63 A) and sedimentation coefficients (6.8 S). Gel filtration and sedimentation analyses revealed that the calculated values of molecular weight (M) and friction ratio (f/fo) for the isoenzymes are equal to 170 000 (M) and 1.72 (f/fo), respectively. The isoelectric point is equal to 5.7 for alpha 1-polymerase and 5.8 for alpha 2 polymerase after isoelectric focusing of the enzymes in polyacrylamide gels. It is concluded that DNA polymerase alpha from loach eggs is represented by two species of the acidic high molecular weight proteins with a prominent spatial asymmetry. PMID- 6626614 TI - [Spectra of circular dichroism of proteinase inhibitors from corn]. AB - The circular dichroism spectra of trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors from corn seeds were investigated. The spatial organization of the inhibitor molecules was shown to be different. The effects of guanidine chloride and temperature on these proteins suggest that the trypsin inhibitor from corn is much more stable towards the denaturating influences than the chymotrypsin inhibitor. PMID- 6626615 TI - [Effect of cytochrome b5 on the functional activity and conformational state of cytochrome P-450]. AB - Microsomal cytochromes P-450 and b5 were shown to form mixed complexes with the association constant of 0.24 microM in water solution. Such complex formation stabilizes cytochrome P-450 in the catalytically active conformational state characterized by increased conformational rigidity and temperature stability. This stabilization results in acceleration of the cumene hydroperoxide-dependent oxidation of p-nitroanisol catalyzed by cytochrome P-450. The thermodynamic parameters of O-demethylation of p-nitroanisol catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 and mixed haemoprotein complexes measured in water solution and in a membrane-bound state were found to be different. PMID- 6626617 TI - [Transducer of the coordinates of a biological object for the Thermogradient device]. AB - A device designed to determine the position of a biological object within the experimental field used to investigate behavioral reactions has been described. By means of light sources focusing the photodetector objective lens the square experimental field is divided into 9 equal sections. The movement of an animal in question from one section of the experimental field to another excites electric signals at the output of the corresponding photodetectors. These signals are processed and stored in the location unit made of integrated circuits. Further data processing for their convey to the pen-and-ink recorder is accomplished in the write pulse forming unite which is also made of microcircuits and discontinuous semiconductors. The device permits to document all the movement parameters of animals within the experimental field throughout the experiment. PMID- 6626616 TI - [Effect of alpha-tocopherol on superoxide dismutase and glutathione lipoperoxidase activities of mouse liver cytosol and mitochondria]. AB - The maximal radioactivity of mouse liver cytosol was observed 18 hours after intraperitoneal injection of 5-CH3-[3H] alpha-tocopherol emulsion with Tween 80. Intraperitoneal injections of Tween 80 (500 mg/kg) without alpha-tocopherol significantly decreased the glutathione lipoperoxidase and superoxide dismutase activities of liver cytosol. Vitamin E effect on the glutathione lipoperoxidase activity was weakly pronounced, while the superoxide dismutase activities of cytosol and liver mitochondria were markedly increased thereby. It was assumed that natural free radical scavengers can induce enzymatic utilization of superoxide radical anions, while synthetic free radical scavengers can trigger on enzymatic systems of lipoperoxide utilization. PMID- 6626618 TI - [Characteristics of the vascular reactions of rabbits to prolonged stimulations in experimental atherosclerosis]. AB - The constrictory reactions to long electrostimulation of renal, pulmonary femoral arteries and distal aorta segments of intact rabbits getting 200 mg/kg of holesterine during 4-12 months have been compared. It has been established that all artherosclerotic vessels exhibit higher initial amplitude of constriction using as indicator of phasic reactions. the tetanus stability increases, that expresses in longer conservation of initial constriction amplitude on relatively high level; this is evidence of vessels capacity to long tonic reactions. These changes of aorta and pulmonary vessels were more distinct. PMID- 6626619 TI - [Effect of thrombin on the arterial blood pressure level and on cardiac activity in rats]. AB - The influence of the thrombin intravenous injection on the level of the arterial pressure of nonanaesthetized rats has been studied. It has been found out that different doses of thrombin cause two phases vibration of pressure: rapid decrease and slower increase of arterial pressure. Hexenal anaesthesia does not change degree and speed of pressure decrease but reduces the restoration of the initial level and eliminates the increasing pressure phase. The effect grows with the thrombin dose increasing and sharply reduces under anaesthesia. The interrelation of the phenomena established and the adaptive significance for living organism is being discussed. PMID- 6626620 TI - [Respiratory system activity in laser irradiation of brain structures]. AB - It has been shown that the low-level laser radiation with the wave-length in the red part of spectrum changes greatly the activity of the respiratory center under the direct influence on the rats' brain structure. The influence of light may have activating or inhibitory character; sometimes symmetry in the respiratory center activity is disturbed. The difference of the effects under the radiation of the sensomotor area of the cerebral cortex hemispheres and the area of the bulbar respiratory center has been found out. It is supposed that one of the reasons of the functional state of the respiratory center variations is the metabolism change in its structures. PMID- 6626621 TI - [Dynamics of the interaction of hypothalamic, reticular and limbic structures and the neocortex as affected by corticosteroids]. AB - The neurophysiological analysis of the hypothalamo-reticulo-lambic structures and neocortex and dynamics of their relationship simultaneously with the content determination of the corticosteroids in rats and rabbits blood under the influence of hydrocortisone and 11-deoxycorticosterone has been carried out. It has been shown that the hypothalamo-reticulo-limbic system are involved under the action of adrenal hormones. Under the influence of corticosteroids the dynamics of changes of these structures ensuring the functions of hypophysal-adrenal complex are condition to transfer the neuroendocrine system into the new state forming definite behavioral reactions to support homeostasis. PMID- 6626622 TI - Conversion of choline to phosphatidylcholine in the isolated-ventilated-perfused neonatal rabbit lung. AB - The isolated-ventilated-perfused neonatal rabbit lung model was used to study pulse dosed 14C-choline incorporation into 14C-phosphatidylcholine (PC) and 14C disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DSPC). 14C-PC and 14C-DSPC synthesis were linearly dependent upon perfusion time to 30 min and upon the pulse dose of 14C choline of 20-250 nmol at both 10 and 30 min of perfusion. 2-3% of the pulse dosed choline was taken up by the lung. The water-soluble metabolites of choline found in lung after 10-30 min of perfusion were: choline, 50-60%; betaine 2.4 3.0%; phosphorylcholine, 26-41%, and CDP-choline, trace-10%. 1-day-old perfused lungs incorporated pulse-dosed 14C-choline into 14C-PC and 14C-DSPC at slightly higher rates than at 10 days old. Newborn rabbits receiving an intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 mg dexamethasone/100 g body weight 16 and 22 h prior to perfusion incorporated significantly more 14C-choline into 14C-PC and 14C-DSPC than saline-injected controls. PMID- 6626623 TI - Cardiovascular monitoring in infants with respiratory distress syndrome. AB - Heart rate, short-term heart rate variability, long-term heart rate variability (LTV), mean arterial blood pressure and R-to-pulse time were recorded in 28 infants during the acute phase of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The patients were classified by a clinical scoring system into three classes related to the severity of the disease. The LTV was initially significantly (p less than 0.01) lower in infants with severe RDS (class III) than in those with moderate or mild disease (classes II and I). Only in class III the LTV increased significantly (p less than 0.001) during recovery. Also the mean arterial blood pressure was decreased in class III during the first 24 h of life. The R-to-pulse time proved not to be related to the severity of RDS. Reasonable assistance was achieved by multiparametric circulatory monitoring: a considerably disturbed circulatory control (tendency to hypotension and attenuated chronotropic cardiac control) was observed in the most severe form of RDS. No specific circulatory therapy was applied on the basis of the findings. PMID- 6626624 TI - Plasma amino acid ratio as an index of hepatocellular maturity in the neonate. AB - A preprandial plasma amino acid molar ratio [(isoleucine + leucine + valine)/(tyrosine + phenylalanine)] has been studied in 33 neonates of mean gestation approximately 34 weeks. 19 infants were fed a formula containing 2.5 protein/dl with a high casein content (group 1), whilst 14 received milk of 1.8 g protein/dl largely derived from whey. Although total amino acid levels were significantly higher in group 1 (p less than 0.001), the amino acid molar ratio was similar in each group. This ratio correlated directly with gestational age (r = +0.76; p less than 0.001) which, on multiple regression analysis, accounted for 57% of its variability. The effects upon the ratio of infant's sex, cholestasis, and hepatic enzyme induction are also discussed. PMID- 6626625 TI - Effect of glucagon, phenylephrine, and isoproterenol on glycogenolysis and glucose release from fetal rat hepatocytes in suspension. AB - Fetal hepatocytes isolated at day 22 of gestation by trypsin digestion of rat liver retain their responsiveness to hormones. Glucagon significantly stimulates glycogenolysis and glucose release to 115 and 124%, respectively. The effect of alpha- and beta-agonists is more pronounced enhancing glycogen breakdown and glucose release to 133 and 147% (L-phenylephrine) and 183 and 202% (isoproterenol), respectively. The isolated fetal hepatocytes obtained by trypsin digestion are a useful tool for studying the hormonal control of liver metabolism during the perinatal stage without limitations met otherwise with extrahepatic factors and the effect of altered blood flow. PMID- 6626626 TI - Reduced renal mass in early postnatal development. glomerular dynamics in the guinea pig. AB - As shown previously in the neonatal guinea pig, unilateral nephrectomy at birth results in an earlier rise in superficial nephron glomerular filtration rate. To evaluate the role of glomerular dynamics in this compensatory adaptation, pressure gradients responsible for glomerular ultrafiltration in superficial nephrons were measured by micropuncture techniques in developing euvolemic guinea pigs subjected to uninephrectomy or sham operation at birth. Uninephrectomy resulted in a significant rise in mean arterial blood pressure and glomerular capillary pressure by 10 days of age. Effective filtration pressure was 30% higher in 10- and 21-day-old uninephrectomized guinea pigs compared to sham operated littermates. However, there ws no significant increase in effective filtration pressure with normal growth from 10 to 21 days of age. Augmented pressure gradients for glomerular ultrafiltration therefore contribute significantly to early compensatory renal adaptation but not to the transitional sharp increase in superficial glomerular filtration which characterizes normal renal growth from 10 to 21 days of age. The apparent acceleration of functional glomerular maturation resulting from uninephrectomy of birth may result from the summation of differing responses to the demands of somatic growth and reduced renal mass. PMID- 6626628 TI - Plasma levels of catecholamine metabolites in the newborn period. AB - Plasma levels of homovanillic acid (HVA) and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) were measured mass fragmentographically in 37 healthy preterm infants and 62 healthy infants born at term during the postnatal period. HVA and VMA levels increased after birth and declined steadily afterwards. Infants with various clinical problems showed marked elevations of HVA and VMA during episodes of clinical deterioration. The results indicate a readily functioning sympathoadrenal system in newborns. PMID- 6626629 TI - Effects of acute hemorrhage on some physiological parameters of the cardiovascular system in newborn pigs. AB - Changes in hemodynamics and blood components were studied in newly born pigs bled one-third of their measured blood volume. Decrease in heart rate accompanied the significant drop in arterial and central venous pressures after blood loss. The recovery of heart rate, arterial and venous pressures from hemorrhage during the 24 h that followed and the concomitant decrease in the hematocrit indicated that recovery was due to the replenishment of plasma volume. The pattern of plasma volume restoration was similar to that of the adult man and adult animal except that it occurred at a much faster rate with a tendency to overcompensate. The restoration of the total amount of circulating plasma proteins was completed within 14 h of the initiation of hemorrhage. The rapid influx of proteins into the circulation was primarily due to the albumin, alpha-globulin and fibrinogen fractions. The highly significant increase in the circulating reticulocytes that took place from the 12- to 24-hour period after blood loss suggests a large increase in erythropoietic activity. Data obtained from this study support the concept that the cardiovascular regulatory system is, at birth, different from the adult. They also indicate that, at least, some of the homeostatic processes involved in the restoration of blood volume and plasma proteins are functional in the neonate. PMID- 6626627 TI - Arterial cord blood hypoxanthine: a measure of intrauterine hypoxia? AB - In order to evaluate the concentration of hypoxanthine in the cord blood as an indicator of intrauterine hypoxia, hypoxanthine was determined in the arterial and venous cord blood of 49 randomly chosen newborns and in the peripheral venous blood of their mothers. In addition, 5 young, nonpregnant women were investigated. Term babies with signs of probable intrauterine hypoxia (fetal distress, scalp blood or arterial cord blood pH less than 7.19, and/or Apgar score of less than 5 at 1 min) had hypoxanthine levels (19.8 +/- 3.5 mumol/l) consistently above the mean for normals. However, there was a large variability of hypoxanthine values in normal babies (16.1 +/- 5.7 mumol/l) and in those with isolated signs of fetal distress (14.6 +/- 6.9 mumol/l). There was no general correlation between the levels of hypoxanthine in arterial cord blood and arterial cord blood pH (r = -0.15) or between the levels of hypoxanthine in arterial cord blood and the Apgar score at 1 min (r = -0.05) or between the levels of hypoxanthine in arterial cord blood and the Apgar score at 1 min (r = 0.05). At delivery, all mothers had higher levels of hypoxanthine than nonpregnant women (16.0 +/- 6.8 vs. 7.6 +/- 2.1 mumol/l; p less than 0.001). The maternal hypoxanthine values correlated closely with those of the venous cord blood (r = 0.72; p less than 0.001). Positive arterio-venous differences in the cord blood increased with progressively higher levels of hypoxanthine in arterial cord blood (r = 0.53; p less than 0.001), indicating a clearance through the placenta.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6626630 TI - Postnatal development of plasma prolactin level in premature infants with and without NaCl supplementation. AB - The role of prolactin in the adaptation of premature infants to the alterations of sodium balance was investigated by measuring plasma prolactin levels serially in 7 low birth weight, premature infants with (group I) and without (group II) NaCl supplementation. The study was performed on the 7th day and weekly thereafter until the 5th week of life. NaCl supplementation was given in a dose of 3-5 mEq/kg/day and 1.5-2.5 mEq/kg/day for 8-21 days and 22-35 days, respectively. It was demonstrated that before NaCl supplementation plasma prolactin concentration was similarly elevated in the two groups (6,490 +/- 1,291 mU/l in group I versus 7,661 +/- 1,094 mU/l in group II), and without supplementation it remained at about the same level throughout the study. When supplemental sodium was given, the plasma prolactin level declined with age at a steady rate to the mean value of 3,516 +/- 502 mU/l by the end of 5th week. In the 3rd-5th weeks it proved to be significantly higher in group II than in group I. It is concluded that physiological sodium depletion may account for the prolonged hyperprolactinemia and prolactin might have some importance in the control of sodium homeostasis in low birth weight, premature infants. PMID- 6626632 TI - Developmental pattern of DNA and proteins in brain, liver, lung and heart of rats given excess vitamin A postnatally. AB - The effect of an excessive dose of vitamin A (1,000 IU) to rat pups on 4, 6, 8 and 10 days of age was studied on growth and organ weights. The effects on the amounts of DNA and proteins and incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA and 3H leucine into proteins of brain, liver, lung and heart was studied on 11, 17 and 23 days of age. Excess vitamin A administration affected the postnatal development of DNA and protein metabolism of these organs differently. PMID- 6626631 TI - Endocrine reactivity (T3, T4, cortisol) during cold exposure in preterm and full term lambs. AB - The endocrine reactivity to a short-term cold exposure (+ 4 degrees C during 1 h 30 min) was studied in 8 full-term (FT) and 12 preterm (PT) Limousin x Romanov lambs, obtained by oestrogen injections to the ewes; 4 PT animals died (PTD) during the observation period and 8 remained alive (PTA). The plasma cortisol, T4 and T3 levels were lower in PT lambs (particularly in PTD for T4 and T3) during the first hours of life. Moreover, rectal temperature decreased sharply between birth and 30 min postpartum in the PT group; at this time, plasma T3 levels and rectal temperature were positively related. During cold exposure, the plasma cortisol levels increased in FT lambs, but did not change in the PT group. Moreover, the plasma T4 levels rose slightly in FT animals (+ 12%), increased sharply in PTA lambs (+ 137%), or showed a small decrease in the PTD group (-5%) in which a marked hypothermia occurred; the relative changes in the circulating T4 levels were positively related to the algebraic variations of rectal temperature in PT lambs. However, the changes in the plasma T3 levels did not parallel that of T4 in the three groups of animals, but a positive relationship was observed, in all lambs, between the circulating T3 levels and the rectal temperatures at the end of the cold exposure. These results suggest a reduced sensitivity of the adrenal cortex to stressful conditions in PT lambs. Moreover, they underline the importance of thyroid function for thermoregulation in the newborn lamb, particularly in PT animals. PMID- 6626633 TI - Moderately increased hemolysis in newborn infants with hyperbilirubinemia of unknown etiology. AB - Serial determinations of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels were performed in full term newborn infants during the first few days of life and their mothers. A close correlation was found between COHb in the mother and that determined in the cord blood. The correlation between COHb in the mother at delivery and that found in the neonate disappeared after 48 h of life. The determination of COHb after this period demonstrated significantly higher values of COHb levels in jaundiced neonates compared with normal infants. Determinations of erythrocyte age dependent enzyme activities carried out at birth and after 5 days of life did not demonstrate any significant difference between the mean values in jaundiced and normal infants. However, the normal infants demonstrated a decrease of glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate-kinase activities from birth to the 5th day which is not appreciable in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia of unknown etiology. The results are discussed in relation to the role of hemolysis in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. PMID- 6626634 TI - The differentiation of individual-specific, stimulus-specific, and motivation specific response patterns in activation processes: an inquiry investigating their stability and possible importance in psychophysiology. AB - The role of specific response patterns obtained by means of psychophysiological activation and their temporal stability are meeting with an increasing interest in the literature because of a low correlation between psychophysiological variables and of possible implications with regard to pathogenetic mechanisms in psychosomatic disease. Two empirical studies are presented that were conducted under similar stress conditions (mental arithmetic, free speech, cold-pressor test, blood-taking) and have been monitoring similar activation variables (seven physiological and four or five psychological variables) - one of which using a large sample of 125 students, the other one consisting of 47 students, who were tested three times week- by-week. Findings reveal that substantial proportions of variance in the three-factorial ANOVA (subjects, situations, variables) may be considered on the basis of individual-specific (23-29% for physiological variables, 6-11% for psychological variables), stimulus-specific (5-19% for physiological variables, 1-11% for psychological variables), and motivation specific (21% for physiological variables, 10% for psychological variables) response patterns. Five evaluation procedures on nominal, ordinal, and interval data levels as well as various definitions of similarity found in the reaction patterns are used in a comprehensive approach to the analysis of specificities. Estimation of variance components, global tests, and individual tests are applied. The results prove to be reliable and rather stable, at least over a period of several weeks. In total, about one fourth of the subjects show a stable individual-specific response pattern on physiological variables. The results are discussed with respect to data and sampling problems as well as to various methods of data analysis. PMID- 6626635 TI - The skin conductance orienting response as an index of attention. AB - In Experiment I 41 subjects performed one of three tasks while also hearing irrelevant tones tones. The three tasks were forewarned reaction time, vigilance and mental arithmetic and each was divided into discrete trials. The irrelevant tones either occurred during task performance (i.e., within a trial) or outside task performance (i.e., between trials). There was no difference in skin conductance OR magnitude to tones across the three tasks. Heart rate changes in contrast showed clear differences between tasks with a marked deceleration occurring during forewarned reaction time and a marked acceleration occurring during mental arithmetic. Skin conductance OR magnitude was significantly greater to tones occurring during task performance than to tones occurring outside task performance. This was interpreted as reflecting changes in the level of attention (higher during task performance) rather than direction of attention (away from tones during task performance). In Experiment II 39 subjects heard a series of irrelevant tones either while performing a forewarned reaction time task as in Experiment I or while performing no concomitant task. Rate of habituation was significantly faster for the subjects performing the concomitant task. This was interpreted as reflecting direction of attention which should be away from the tones when the subject was performing a concomitant task. Thus while rate of habituation to a class of stimuli may reflect direction of attention, short-term changes in OR amplitude probably reflect level of attention. PMID- 6626636 TI - Sequential effects on the ERP in discriminating two stimuli. AB - Two auditory stimuli differing in pitch were presented in random order and equal probability with the constant inter-stimulus interval of 1 sec. The subject's task was to count one of these stimuli. The event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to each stimulus were averaged according to the immediately preceding stimulus sequence. It was found that when a few consecutive repetitions of one stimulus occurred, the ERP to the other stimulus immediately after those repetitions included features resembling those of the ERP to the infrequent stimulus usually observed in the so called 'oddball paradigm'. These features included, among other things, the mismatch negativity usually regarded as a scalp reflection of the neuronal mismatch process with an existing neuronal model. The mismatch negativity was accompanied by an 'N2b', a sharper and later negativity. Interestingly, N2b only occurred when the not-to-be-counted stimulus succeeded (one or several) counted stimuli but not when the order was reversed. This suggests that N2b reflects template mismatch, the occurrence of a stimulus mismatching with the mental image of the target stimulus voluntarily held by the subject. PMID- 6626637 TI - Multivariate analysis of EEG coherence: stability of the metric, individual differences in patterning and response to arousal. AB - When coherence is computed among all pairs of a multichannel EEG, the resultant matrix can be de-structured with conventional multivariate analysis procedures to characterize the patterning of electrophysiologic information at each frequency band of the EEG across brain regions. Six right-handed young men had EEG data recorded from left and right frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital locations during three visits to the laboratory at one week intervals. During each session, data were recorded during a relaxation period, an alert resting period, and as loud white noise was presented. Factor analysis of coherence matrices showed a model pattern of a large posterior factor and an anterior factor, both of which were right-lateralized, plus a residual factor that was most often left lateralized. Four of the six men showed this pattern on each occasion, particularly for the delta and the theta bands. Two men showed variant patterns, which were also stable over time. A priori de-structuring of the matrix into partial multiple intrahemispheric and inter-hemispheric coherences also showed generally higher coherences on the right side, with the exception of left occipital inter-hemispheric values. Effects of arousal manipulations were not striking, but the factor patterns suggested increases in right hemisphere coherence for the alpha and beta bands during high arousal. PMID- 6626638 TI - EEG coherence and field dependence. PMID- 6626639 TI - Changes of the uterus epithelium proteins during the menstrual cycle and early pregnancy. AB - The changes in soluble cell proteins during stepped differentiation (from proliferative stage to secretory stage) of human uterus epithelium were studied. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed 21 fractions of soluble endometrial proteins in the proliferative stage and 20 fractions in the secretory stage. During the first 12 weeks of pregnancy soluble decidual proteins consist of 13 fractions. In the process of stepped differentiation of the uterus epithelium a specific fraction that was absent in the original tissue was observed. Moreover two specific fractions, D1 (light) and D2 (heavy), were detected in soluble proteins of decidual tissue. According to data from SDS electrophoresis these two fractions had molecular weights of 52,000 and 150,000, respectively. A decrease in soluble protein fractions during stepped differentiation of human uterus epithelium seems to be connected with increased specialization of this tissue. PMID- 6626640 TI - Gentamicin monitoring in low-birth-weight newborns. AB - The pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in premature newborns is influenced by many noncalculable variables. Nevertheless, and despite its narrow therapeutic range, this aminoglycoside antibiotic is usually prescribed according to a fixed schedule. Gentamicin was monitored in 22 severely sick, low-birth-weight newborns on combination therapy of various antibiotics including gentamicin. Dosage regimen of gentamicin was prescribed according to Eichenwald and McCracken [1978]. Serum gentamicin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay before infusion, 30 min after, and 3 h after infusion of the antibiotic. In 22 prematures desirable serum gentamicin concentrations with a mean elimination half life (t 1/2) of 5.3 h; in 2 prematures, levels with a mean t 1/2 of 2.3 h; in 7 prematures, possible toxic levels with a mean t 1/2 of 8.3 h; and in 2 prematures, definite toxic levels with a prolonged t 1/2 up to 17 h were observed. Most of the prematures with possible or definite toxic gentamicin levels were not older than 1 week. This is explained by the immaturity of the kidneys and the retention of aminoglycosides. A satisfactory correlation between postnatal age and gentamicin elimination half-life was found, which might be caused by postnatal maturation of the glomerular function. In prematures in the 1st postnatal week we recommend reducing the daily dose by prolonging the dosage interval, e.g., from 12 to 18 h, or reducing the single gentamicin doses. Gentamicin monitoring seems advisable for detecting toxic serum concentrations and accumulation and for revealing an insufficient dosage of this aminoglycoside antibiotic. PMID- 6626641 TI - Drug addiction during pregnancy. AB - On the basis of current literature and their own experience, the authors discuss (1) the major complications possible in pregnant drug addicts, (2) whether the complications can be attributed to deficient prenatal care or to effects of drug abuse, and (3) the best prenatal care of drug-addicted mothers. PMID- 6626643 TI - Program for the sixteenth annual meeting of the Society for the Study for Reproduction. Including a symposium on frontiers in gametogenesis. Cleveland, Ohio, August 7 - 10, 1983. Abstracts. PMID- 6626642 TI - Sulfatase deficiency in the human placenta: clinical findings. AB - Sulfatase and aromatase are the key enzymes of estrogen biosynthesis in the human placenta. A total of 76 pregnancies with sulfatase deficiency have been reported. Reduced sulfatase activity occurs in 1:2000 of 1:6000 pregnancies. It can be suspected in patients with low urinary excretion or low serum estriol levels. The sulfatase deficiency can be detected during pregnancy by a prolongation of the half-life of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) after venous DHAS loading (50 or 100 mg). Post partum the placental sulfatase deficiency can be demonstrated in vitro by nonconversion of radioactive DHAS to DHA. Only 7 of the 76 pregnancies described ended with an uncomplicated vaginal delivery after spontaneous onset of labor. A cesarian section was required in 18 cases. The other case reports mostly concern patients associated with a prolonged pregnancy, lack of cervical dilatation, or absent induction of labor. All 76 newborns were male. Sulfatase deficiency is probably a congenital, sex-specific, X-linked placental enzyme defect. A special therapy is not necessary but the antepartum diagnosis is important because this benign disorder has to be discriminated from the more serious fetal adrenal hypoplasia. PMID- 6626644 TI - Taurine, hypotaurine, epinephrine and albumin inhibit lipid peroxidation in rabbit spermatozoa and protect against loss of motility. AB - Loss of forward motility of rabbit epididymal spermatozoa in high K+ phosphate buffer is inhibited by taurine, hypotaurine, epinephrine and bovine serum albumin. Pyruvate and lactate also show this effect. The rate of lipid peroxidation in these spermatozoa, as measured by rate of formation of malondialdehyde, is also inhibited by these agents. A close linear correlation between percent inert spermatozoa and malondialdehyde was found, which was independent of the rate of peroxidation. Complete cessation of motility was observed at 0.5 nmol malondialdehyde/10(8) cells in the absence or presence of these agents, which is the same value found in other suspending media in a previous study [Alvarez and Storey (1982) Biol. Reprod. 27:1102-1108]. Albumin was the most effective agent in preventing loss of motility and inhibiting lipid peroxidation. Hypotaurine was the next most effective, followed by taurine, epinephrine, pyruvate and lactate. Hypotaurine reduces the amount of rate of superoxide production, as measured by the rate of reduction of acetylated ferricytochrome c by O(2), from rabbit sperm under these conditions and concomitantly reduces inactivation of the superoxide dismutase in these cells. Since superoxide seems to be the major inducer of lipid peroxidation in rabbit sperm, the protective effect of hypotaurine, which should be readily permeant to the plasma membrane, may be ascribed to scavenging of intracellular superoxide. The mechanism of the protective action of albumin is not known. Rabbit epididymal spermatozoa lose motility over time if Ca2+ or Mg2+ are omitted from the suspending medium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6626645 TI - Changes in noradrenergic vesicle markers of rabbit oviducts during progesterone treatment. AB - The effect of progesterone (P) on norepinephrine (NE), [3H] norepinephrine ([3H]NE) and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) in noradrenergic vesicles from rabbit oviducts was studied after daily injections of the hormone during different periods (4, 7 and 15 days). Progesterone induced a concomitant increase in NE and DBH activity and [3H]NE uptake. To study the mechanism involved in such effects, 4 tissue fractions were obtained by differential centrifugation of the oviducts of which the vesicular fraction was applied over continuous sucrose gradients (0.3-2 M). The changes induced by P in markers of tissue and gradient fractions showed an increase of the NE storage capacity which could be ascribed to an increase in the number of storage vesicles, and/or to a higher extravesicular storage capacity. The occurrence of these mechanisms during pregnancy or after P treatment could account for the (long-lasting) high levels of NE observed in such instances. PMID- 6626646 TI - Characterization and physiological variation of estrogen receptors in rabbit corpora lutea throughout pregnancy and pseudopregnancy: the effect of hysterectomy and sustained estradiol treatment. AB - Previous studies suggest that regression of the rabbit corpus luteum is associated with a uterine-induced loss of responsiveness to estradiol. To determine if this is due to loss of estrogen receptor, cytoplasmic and nuclear estrogen receptors were measured in pseudopregnant, hysterectomized pseudopregnant and pregnant rabbits throughout luteal life. Estrogen receptor levels were higher in corpora lutea than in nonluteal tissue and were generally higher in nuclei compared to cytosol. Estrogen receptor levels were low on Day 3, increased 2- to 3-fold by Day 6-8, reached peak levels by Days 8-10, and then gradually decreased in a pattern similar to the pattern of serum progesterone typical of each group. Hysterectomy was not associated with elevated cytoplasmic or nuclear estradiol receptor levels. When hysterectomized rabbits were treated with estradiol-filled Silastic implant on Day 1, nuclear estradiol receptor levels fell by Day 20 to levels seen in untreated hysterectomized rabbits. Despite substantial losses in nuclear estrogen receptor, serum progesterone remained elevated on Days 16 and 20. Thus, the ability of estradiol to maintain serum progesterone in hysterectomized rabbits did not correlate directly with the level of estrogen receptor. PMID- 6626647 TI - Precocious induction of luteal activation and termination of delayed implantation in mink with the dopamine antagonist pimozide. AB - The effects of the dopamine antagonist pimozide on the preimplantation delay phase of mink gestation were investigated in field and laboratory trials. Three doses of 0.1 mg pimozide in acetic acid administered on the 7th, 9th and 11th days after mating abbreviated gestation in Pastel kit female mink to a mean (+/- SEM) of 45.5 +/- 0.5 days, 10 days less than that observed in mink treated with vehicle only (55.6 +/- 0.6 days). In laboratory trials, four doses of 0.1 mg pimozide on the 7th, 9th, 11th and 13th day after mating resulted in embryo implantation at a mean of 25 +/- 4.3 days after mating while vehicle-treated control animals had mean preimplantation delay of 37 +/- 3.1 days. Luteal activation in the pimozide-treated group, as indicated by a rapid increase in circulating progesterone, began within 2 days after the first pimozide injection. No increase was observed in vehicle-treated mink until 6 or more days after the initiation of injections or 13 days after mating. It was concluded that pimozide, presumably by permitting endogenous secretion of prolactin, can induce precocious luteal activation and embryo implantation in the mink. PMID- 6626648 TI - Intrauterine injection of cholera toxin induces estrogen-like uterine growth. AB - Uterine growth in response to estrogen involves nuclear interaction of cytoplasmic estrogen receptors. The magnitude of the uterine growth response, however, and other observations have led to the suggestion that an additional mechanism or mechanisms of estrogen action may be at work in the uterus. This was investigated indirectly by examining estrogen-like growth responses of the uterus to the intrauterine (i.u.) injection of cholera toxin and water. Ovariectomized rats received either a subcutaneous injection of estradiol or vehicle and an i.u. injection of cholera toxin, water, or nothing. At 4 h after treatment of uterine wet weight was determined, and at 24 h the uterine protein/DNA ratio, [3H] leucine incorporation into protein, and [3H] thymidine incorporation into DNA were measured. Estradiol caused a 1.5-fold increase in the protein/DNA ratio and cholera toxin caused a 2.0-fold increase. Similarly, estradiol increased uterine wet weight 2.1-fold and cholera toxin increased it 1.9-fold. Estradiol and cholera toxin caused similar increases in the incorporation of [3H]leucine into protein: 3.3-fold and 2.3-fold, respectively. The effects of the treatments on the incorporation of [3H] thymidine into DNA were even greater, with estradiol producing a 10.3-fold increase, cholera toxin a 12.0-fold increase, and water a 3.6-fold increase. Since vascular permeability is known to be increased in the uterus by estrogen and in other systems by cholera toxin, these results support the idea of a relationship between uterine growth and increased vascular permeability. PMID- 6626649 TI - Role of the pineal and its hormone melatonin in the termination of photorefractoriness in golden hamsters. AB - Continuous exposure of male hamsters to short day lengths induces testicular regression. This is followed many weeks later by spontaneous recrudescence of the testes with reinitiation of spermatogenesis and function of the accessory sexual glands. Hamsters at this stage of the annual reproductive cycle are refractory to short photoperiods--even continuous darkness will not induce another bout of testicular regression. Animals refractory to short days are also refractory to the pineal hormone melatonin and a number of investigators attribute spontaneous recrudescence and photo and melatonin refractoriness to a developed target cell insensitivity to endogenous melatonin from the pineal. Refractoriness is terminated by exposure to long days for at least 11 weeks. The pineal gland is reported to be essential for this process. We report here the effects of pinealectomy, daily melatonin injections, and constant-release melatonin implants on the ability of male hamsters to recover from the refractory state. In the absence of the pineal gland, refractory male hamsters did not discriminate (count?) 15 weeks of long days to terminate refractoriness. Daily melatonin injections at 1900 h, but not at 1200 h (lights 0600-2000 h) during the 15 weeks of long-day exposure blocked the recovery from refractoriness. Constant-release melatonin implants abolished the animals ability to measure 12 and 15 weeks of long days to terminate refractoriness. These results demonstrate that general target tissue insensitivity to melatonin cannot account for the refractory state in hamsters, that a multiplicity of target tissues may exist for melatonin to account for its varied roles throughout the annual reproductive cycle in hamsters, and that the pineal gland is intimately involved in the animals' ability to measure a prescribed duration of long days to terminate refractoriness. PMID- 6626650 TI - Characterization of human sperm surface antigens with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Monoclonal antibodies (McAb) against human ejaculated sperm were developed from mice immunized with sperm membrane preparations. A solid-phase radioimmunoassay, with dried sperm as antigen, was employed in McAb screening. The tissue and species specificity of monoclonal antibodies HS 2, 4 and 6 were evaluated after absorption of antibody preparations with heterologous sperm, human serum or seminal plasma or cells from other human organs. The sensitivity of HS 2, 4 and 6 antigens to trypsin exposure was determined: HS 4 antigen was highly sensitive while HS 2 and 6 were not. The regional distribution of McAb 4 on intact sperm cells was determined by immunofluorescence staining. HS 4 may be a sperm-coating antigen based on its presence on sperm and in seminal plasma. This possibility led to an investigation of its role in sperm capacitation. HS 4 antibody binding was reduced when capacitated sperm were compared with noncapacitated cells. HS 4 antibody, when present during capacitation and insemination, was without effect on sperm motility or fusion with zona-free hamster eggs. Trypsin removal of as much as 60% of HS 4 antigen from the cell population also did not impact on sperm function. To identify the molecular correlate of HS 4 antigen, membrane components were extracted from washed sperm with Nonidet P-40, concentrated by acetone precipitation and analyzed electrophoretically in SDS-urea on 10% polyacrylamide slab gels. Immunoassays on protein blots with peroxidase-coupled second antibody identified a single reactive species in the molecular weight range of 130,000. Multiple reactive components were detected in blot transfers of seminal plasma. PMID- 6626651 TI - Analysis of human uterine luminal fluid proteins following radiolabeling by reductive methylation: comparison of proliferative and secretory phase samples. AB - The proteins contained in human uterine luminal washings of proliferative and secretory phase endometria were depleted of albumin by affinity chromatography and labeled with either 3H or 14C by reductive methylation. Samples of human serum from proliferative and secretory phases of the normal menstrual cycle were similarly treated and served as control material. Isotope mixing experiments were performed in which 3H-labeled fluid proteins were combined with 14C-labeled sera or fluid proteins and the mixture analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The labeled proteins were then detected by fluorography and autoradiography of the same gel. Control experiments mixing 3H- and 14C-labeled sera revealed no difference between proliferative and secretory phase samples and no isotope effect of in vitro labeling. Radiolabeled uterine luminal wash proteins, however, did show significant differences when compared to serum. Furthermore, significant differences between proliferative and secretory phase uterine fluid proteins were observed. A cluster of proteins in the pI range of 5.9 to 6.4 pH and in the molecular weight range of 60,000 -- 67,000 daltons appeared to originate from the endometrium. Among these uterine proteins, several seemed to be found only in the secretory phase of the normal menstrual cycle. The data provided evidence to support the hypothesis that the human endometrium secretes proteins that are dependent on the hormones of the menstrual cycle. PMID- 6626652 TI - Thromboxane production in the pregnant rat: differential recovery by platelets and uterus following aspirin administration. AB - Radioimmunologic data provide evidence that the pregnant rat uterus produces thromboxane B2 (TXB2). To provide further evidence that this radioimmunologic compound is TXB2, an extract of media incubated with uteri from 21-day pregnant rats was passed through a silicic acid column and each 1-ml eluate was tested for its ability to displace tritiated TXB2 from antibody. One peak was found and it corresponded to that of authentic TXB2 eluted through an identical column. Rechromatographing the peak on a thin-layer plate, the radioimmunologic peak again corresponded with the TXB2 standard. Since blood platelets are a major source of thromboxane, their presence in the vasculature of tissues makes them a possible contaminating factor. Following aspirin (300 mg) intubation into rats on either gestational Day 18, 19 or 20, in vitro production of the TXB2 by isolated uteri and washed platelets was determined and compared to the same tissues from untreated rats. When aspirin was administered 1 day prior to autopsy, TXB2 production by uterine tissue was 32% of the control uterus. Platelet TXB2 production was 25% of control platelets. When aspirin was administered 2 days prior to autopsy, uterine TXB2 production increased to 60% of the control, while platelet TXB2 was 43% of the control. When aspirin was administered 3 days prior to autopsy, uterine TXB2 production was higher than that of control, while platelet TXB2 production was 54% of the control. The more rapid recovery of TXB2 by uterine tissue compared to platelets suggest that the TXB2 produced by uterine tissue is not due solely to platelet contamination. PMID- 6626653 TI - Secretion of mucin by explants of rabbit and human cervix in organ culture. AB - Small explants (2-3 mm3) of endocervix from virgin, estrous rabbits, and from hospitalized patients undergoing hysterectomy for nonneoplastic disease, were placed in organ culture and maintained in serum-free media for 4 days at 35 degrees C in a humid environment of 95% air/5% CO2. Waymouth's MB 752/1 with 10-5 M hydrocortisone succinate, 10-7 M retinyl acetate, and 1 microgram/ml insulin proved to be an excellent medium for maintaining these tissues, as judged by examination with light and scanning electron microscopy after incubation for 5 days. The explants incorporated the radiolabeled glycoprotein precursor, tritiated glucosamine, and secreted labeled mucin glycoproteins in vitro. Mucin released into the culture medium contained sialic acid and hexosamine in a molar ratio of approximately 0.5-0.8:1.0. Although some alterations occur in the morphology of secretory cells and their products after maintenance in culture for several days, the system can be utilized for studying various aspects of the cell biology of cervical mucin secretion. PMID- 6626655 TI - Granulosa cell differentiation and estrogen synthesis in the fetal rabbit ovary. AB - Morphologic development of the granulosa cell and the capacity for estrogen biosynthesis were evaluated in ovaries from New Zealand white rabbit fetuses at 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 24 and 28 days of gestation. By light microscopy, granulosa cells within the developing cortical cords showed extensive accumulation of lipid material in their cytoplasm at Days 18, 19 and 20. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of abundant lipid in granulosa cells at these times and showed that lipid is present in cytoplasmic droplets, often in coalescent aggregates. Quantitative morphometric examination demonstrated a sixfold increase in lipid between Days 16 and 19 and a subsequent decrease to earlier values by Day 24. In parallel studies, estrogen formation from [1 beta-3H]testosterone was low in Days 17 and 18 ovaries, increased approximately sixfold by Day 20 and fell by Day 24. Thus, the capacity of granulosa cells of the fetal ovary to form estradiol correlates with their cytoplasmic lipid content. PMID- 6626654 TI - Surface glycoprotein changes in ram spermatozoa during epididymal maturation. AB - Three radiolabeling procedures were applied to ram spermatozoa obtained at three different stages of posttesticular development: on leaving the testis (testicular sperm); after epididymal transit (cauda epididymal sperm); and after exposure to accessory sex gland secretions (ejaculated sperm). The washed spermatozoa were subjected to three radiolabeling treatments: 1) galactose oxidase and sodium boro [3H]hydride (galactosyl and galactosaminyl residues); 2) sodium metaperiodate and NaBH4 (sialyl residues); and 3) chloroglycoluril and Na125 I (tyrosyl residues). High resolution sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of the surface radiolabeling patterns confirms earlier studies in demonstrating an overall shift in the predominant labeled glycoproteins from the zone 78-115 kd in testicular spermatozoa to relatively low molecular weights of between 15 and 95 kd in cauda epididymal or ejaculated spermatozoa. Labeling procedures specific for glycoproteins and sialoglycoproteins revealed additional complexities in the surface transformation patterns of ram spermatozoa and suggest that cauda epididymal spermatozoa exposed to accessory sex gland secretions adsorb or produce a component of high molecular weight (approx. 350 kd). PMID- 6626656 TI - [Frictional corrosion in special multiple-component endoprostheses with regard to the combination of materials]. PMID- 6626657 TI - [Muscle function test device for measuring forces in the region of the ankle joint]. PMID- 6626659 TI - The estimation of age, period and cohort effects for vital rates. AB - In models for vital rates which include effects due to age, period and cohort, there is aliasing due to a linear dependence among these three factors. This dependence arises both when age and period intervals are equal and when they are not. One solution to the dependence is to set an arbitrary constraint on the parameters. Estimable functions of the parameters are invariant to the particular constraint applied. For evenly spaced intervals, deviations from linearity are estimable but only a linear function of the three slopes is estimable. When age and period intervals have different widths, further aliasing occurs. It is assumed that the number of deaths in the numerator of the rate equation has a Poisson distribution. The calculations are illustrated with data on mortality from prostate cancer among nonwhites in the U.S. PMID- 6626658 TI - [Gold 195m: new diagnostic possibilities in nuclear medicine with an ultrashort lived radionuclide]. PMID- 6626660 TI - Confidence interval estimation for the ratio of simple and standardized rates in cohort studies. AB - Computer simulation has been used to compare four methods for calculating confidence intervals for simple rate ratios estimated from cohort studies. The method proposed by Cornfield (1956. In Proceedings of the Third Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability. Vol. IV, 135-148) for interval estimation for the odds ratio in a 2 X 2 table (adapted to the ratio of two Poisson variables) gives reasonable and conservative results, and is recommended in view of its relative computational simplicity. Three methods are compared for interval estimation for the ratio of standardized rates, such as the standardized morbidity or mortality ratio, when the data are stratified by some confounding factor. The adapted Cornfield method again is the recommended procedure. An examination of the use of a summary chi square test with and without continuity correction indicates that the test size closest to the nominal is given by excluding such a correction when the test statistic is computed. PMID- 6626662 TI - Multiple regression in geographical mortality studies, with allowance for spatially correlated errors. AB - In order to provide clues to the aetiology of a disease, mortality indices for different areas are often related to explanatory variables by using multiple regression. However, mortality in nearby areas may be similar for reasons not attributable to the covariates, so the errors will not be independent. This paper suggests a way of finding a parameterized form for the correlated error structure by examining the residuals from an ordinary least squares regression. Such a model is then fitted by using maximum likelihood. An example based on cardiovascular mortality in British towns is used to illustrate the problem and our solution. PMID- 6626663 TI - A general statistical model for clone--tissue studies, using X-chromosome inactivation data. AB - It is shown that certain simply defined probabilities, which involve the joint classification of two random cells by tissue and postinactivation clone, play a key role in the analysis of X-chromosome inactivation data and can be used to define tissue-specific and composite indices of 'incoherence', or lack of association, between clones and tissues. The experimental estimation of these probabilities is developed, with numerical illustration, for a general model of assay errors that embraces a spectrum of different assay techniques. Three estimation techniques are considered: the first, unconstrained by the requirements of any specific model for clone--tissue association; the second, constrained by a condition of dominated off-diagonal equality (DODE) that delineates a general class of models of the type used by Nesbitt (1971, Developmental Biology 26, 252-263); the third, additionally constrained by a condition of on- and off-diagonal equality (OODE) that holds for an 'equisampling' specialization of the Nesbitt model. The effects of natural relaxations of the assumptions implicit in the latter type of model are analysed within the framework constructed here. PMID- 6626661 TI - A comparison of test statistics for assessing the effects of concomitant variables in survival analysis. AB - In data analysis involving the proportional-hazards regression model due to Cox (1972, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 34, 187-220), the test criteria commonly used for assessing the partial contribution to survival of subsets of concomitant variables are the classical likelihood ratio (LR) and Wald statistics. This paper presents an investigation of three other test criteria with potentially major computational advantages over the classical tests, especially for stepwise variable selection in moderate to large data sets. The alternative criteria considered are Rao's efficient score statistic and two other score statistics. Under the Cox model, the performance of these tests is examined empirically and compared with the performance of the LR and Wald statistics. Rao's test performs comparably to the LR test in all the cases considered. The performance of the other criteria is competitive in many cases. The use of these statistics is illustrated in a study of coronary artery disease. PMID- 6626664 TI - Statistical analysis of arch shape with conic sections. AB - Arcs of conic sections are used to model the shapes of human dental arches and to provide a basis for the statistical and graphical analysis of a population of shapes. The Bingham distribution, an elliptical distribution on a hypersphere, is applied in order to model the coefficients of the conic arcs. It provides a definition of an 'average shape' and it quantifies variation in shape. Geometric envelopes of families of conic arcs whose coefficients satisfy a quadratic constraint are used to depict the distribution of shapes in the plane and to make graphical inferences about the average shape. The methods are demonstrated with conic arcs fitted to a sample of 66 maxillary dental arches. PMID- 6626665 TI - Heritability: one word, three concepts. AB - The term 'heritability', which evokes the image of transmission from parents to children, is used in biology to characterize the resemblance of related individuals in terms of a given characteristic, and to analyse the genetic and environmental causes of this resemblance. In fact, there are three definitions of heritability and it is important to distinguish among these carefully in order to avoid misinterpretations. Various techniques for measuring associated parameters are linked to these definitions. A rigorous analysis of the assumptions which permit the interpretation of parameter estimates is necessary to avoid false conclusions. PMID- 6626666 TI - A model for cancer mortality rates. PMID- 6626667 TI - Fluorinated alpha-methylamino acids as 19F NMR indicators of intracellular pH. AB - A series of nontoxic, fluorinated amino acids and their methyl esters have been used to measure intracellular pH in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by 19F NMR. Mono-, di-, and trifluoro alpha-methylalanines and their methyl esters have been characterized with respect to their spectra, the pH dependence of their fluorine resonances, and the effects of temperature and cations on the NH2pKa values. These pH indicators can be used singly or in combination to determine intracellular vs. extracellular pH profiles over a wide range (greater than 2 pH units) of extracellular pH. PMID- 6626668 TI - Picosecond kinetic absorption and fluorescence studies of bovine rhodopsin with a fixed 11-ene. AB - A synthetic retinal having a fixed 11-cis geometry has been used to prepare a nonbleachable analogue of bovine rhodopsin. Marked differences in the picosecond absorption and fluorescence behavior of this analogue at room temperature, compared with that of natural rhodopsin, were observed. This not only indicates that the 11-cis to trans isomerization of the retinal moiety is the crucial primary event in the photolysis of rhodopsin, but also it establishes that this isomerization must occur on the picosecond time scale or faster. PMID- 6626669 TI - Neutron diffraction analysis of cytochrome b5 reconstituted in deuterated lipid multilayers. AB - Cytochrome b5 was reconstituted with a highly deuterated phospholipid to form ordered multilayers consisting of repeated centrosymmetric pairs of asymmetric lipid-protein bilayers. Lamellar neutron diffraction data were collected to approximately 29 A resolution, and have been interpreted using models for the interaction of the membrane-binding domain of cytochrome b5 with the lipid bilayer. A range of different models was examined, and those in which the protein penetrates well into the bilayer, possibly spanning it, are favored. PMID- 6626670 TI - Fluctuation and linear analysis of Na-current kinetics in squid axon. AB - The power spectrum of current fluctuations and the complex admittance of squid axon were determined in the frequency range 12.5 to 5,000 Hx during membrane voltage clamps to the same potentials in the same axon during internal perfusion with cesium. The complex admittance was determined rapidly and with high resolution by a fast Fourier transform computation of the current response, acquired after a steady state was attained, to a synthesized signal with predetermined spectral characteristics superposed as a continuous, repetitive, small perturbation on step voltage clamps. Linear conduction parameters were estimated directly from admittance data by fitting an admittance model, derived from the linearized Hodgkin-Huxley equations modified by replacing the membrane capacitance with a "constant-phase-angle" capacitance, to the data. The constant phase angle obtained was approximately 80 degrees. At depolarizations the phase of the admittance was 180 degrees, and the real part of the impedance locus was in the left-half complex plane for frequencies below 1 kHz, which indicates a steady-state negative Na conductance. The fits also yielded estimates of the natural frequencies of Na "activation" and "inactivation" processes. By fitting Na-current noise spectra with a double Lorentzian function, a lower and an upper corner frequency were obtained; these were compared with the two natural frequencies determined from admittance analysis at the corresponding potentials. The frequencies from fluctuation analyses ranged from 1.0 to 10.3 times higher than those from linear (admittance) analysis. This discrepancy is consistent with the concept that the fluctuations reflect a nonlinear rate process that cannot be fully characterized by linear perturbation analysis. Comparison of the real part of the admittance and the current noise spectrum shows that the Nyquist relation, which generally applies to equilibrium conductors, does not hold for the Na process in squid axon. The Na-channel conductance, gamma Na, was found to increase monotonically from 0.1 to 4.8 pS for depolarizations up to 50 mV from a holding potential of -60 mV, with no indication of a maximum value. PMID- 6626671 TI - Diffusion in lipid bilayers containing barriers. AB - In epithelial cells, a barrier or tight junction restricts the diffusion of lipid probes from the apical to the basolateral side of the outer membrane bilayer. This phenomenon is studied theoretically with the diffusion equation on planar and spherical surfaces. Two models for the tight junction are considered: a penetrable barrier embedded in a monolayer and an impenetrable obstacle in the outer membrane of a bilayer than must be bypassed by flip-flopping between inner and outer membranes. The rate of passing from one side of the cell to the other is calculated for each of these models under steady state conditions. The results are compared with recent fluorescent photobleaching recovery experiments. The theoretical interpretation indicates that it would be difficult to distinguish experimentally between the flip-flop case and the barrier crossing case. Assuming a flip-flop model, large differences in the magnitude of the flip-flop rates of probes are necessary to explain the experimental results as suggested by Dragsten et al. (Dragsten, P. R., R. Blumenthal, and J. S. Handler, 1981, Nature [Lond.], 294:718--722). PMID- 6626672 TI - Photon and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and light scattering of eye-lens proteins at moderate concentrations. AB - The bovine eye-lens protein, alpha L-crystallin, has been studied with photon correlation spectroscopy to obtain the mutual diffusion coefficient, Dm, with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to determine the tracer diffusion coefficient, DT, and with light scattering to get the isothermal osmotic compressibility (delta pi/delta c) P,T. The concentration dependence of Dm, DT, and (delta pi/delta c) P,T up to a volume fraction phi of the protein of 2.5 x 10(-2) has been interpreted on the basis of four different interaction potentials: (a) an extended hard-sphere potential; (b) a shielded Coulomb potential; (c) a shielded Coulomb interaction where the effect of counterions is included; (d) a simple mixed potential. The three parameters Dm, DT, and (delta pi/delta c) P,T have also been combined in the generalized Stokes-Einstein equation, Dm = [(delta pi/delta c)P,T . (1--phi) . (DT)]/(kappa B . T). Our results indicate that, in the case that photon correlation spectroscopy gives the mutual diffusion coefficient Dm, the applicability of the Stokes-Einstein equation can be questioned; or that, when one assumes the Stokes-Einstein equation to be valid, there is significant discrepancy between the result of photon correlation spectroscopy and Dm. PMID- 6626673 TI - Stoichiometries of arsenazo III-Ca complexes. AB - The equilibrium interactions of the metallochromic indicator arsenazo III with calcium at physiological ionic strength and pH were investigated spectrophotometrically and with the aid of a calcium electrode. Evidence suggests the formation of more than one dye-calcium complex. The analysis of data obtained over a 10,000-fold range of dye concentrations concludes that at the concentrations used for in vitro biochemical studies (10--100 microM), arsenazo III absorbance changes in response to calcium binding primarily involve the formation of a complex involving two dye molecules and two calcium ions. At millimolar dye concentrations, typical of physiological calcium transient determinations in situ, a second complex involving two arsenazo III molecules and one calcium ion is additionally formed. A third complex, involving one arsenazo III molecule and one calcium ion, is formed at very low dye concentrations. The results reported here suggest that equilibrium calibration of the dye with calcium cannot be used directly to satisfactorily relate transient absorbance changes in physiological preparations to calcium concentration changes since several stoichiometrically distinct complexes with different absorbances could be formed at different rates. The results of this study do not permit the elucidation of a unique kinetic scheme of arsenazo III complexation with calcium; for this, in vitro kinetic analysis is required. Results of similar analysis of the dye interaction with magnesium are also reported, and these appear compatible with a much simpler model of complexation. PMID- 6626674 TI - Experimental study of the conducted action potential in cardiac Purkinje strands. AB - Conduction velocity is a complex physiological process that integrates the active and passive properties of the excitable cell. The relations between these properties in determining the conduction velocity are not intuitively obvious, and models have been used frequently to illustrate important relationships. To study the relationships of important parameters and to evaluate commonly used models, we changed conduction velocity experimentally in sheep cardiac Purkinje strands by reducing extracellular Na systematically. Cable analyses were also performed to obtain passive membrane and cable properties. Resting membrane resistance and capacitance did not change, nor did core resistance. Active properties measured in addition to conduction velocity included maximal upstroke velocity, action potential height, time constant of the foot, peak inward current, and upstroke power. With reduction in extracellular Na, all of these parameters of the action potential changed nonlinearly and not in direct proportion to the change in conduction velocity. The only simple relation found was a linear relationship between maximal upstroke velocity and peak inward current, normalized by the capacity of the foot. Models based on the cable equation and the wave equation offer a basis for quantitative analysis of conduction, and these data can be used to test the models. PMID- 6626676 TI - Squid retinochrome. Configurational changes of the retinal chromophore. AB - The configurations of the retinal chromophore in light and dark reactions of squid retinochrome were investigated by means of high-performance liquid chromatography. Orange light isomerized the chromophore of retinochrome, all trans-retinal, mainly to the 11-cis configuration in metaretinochrome. Irradiation with shorter-wavelength lights not only accelerates the photoreversal of metaretinochrome to retinochrome but also leads to a slight production of isoretinochrome (13-cis-retinochrome), yielding a photoequilibrium mixture of three kinds of retinochrome. 13-cis- and 9-cis-retinochromes are photosensitive, and are converted into metaretinochrome upon irradiation with orange light. When steadily exposed to orange light in the presence of a trace of retinochrome protein, all of the all-trans-, 13-cis-, and 9-cis-retinals are catalytically isomerized only to the 11-cis form, although the reaction rate is reduced in the order of the retinals listed above. In the dark, 9-cis-retinochrome, like retinochrome, remains unchanged, but both meta- and 13-cis-retinochromes slowly change to retinochrome. The chromophore of 13-cis-retinochrome changes directly to the all-trans form, whereas the 11-cis chromophore of metaretinochrome goes to all-trans mainly through the 13-cis form. The direct isomerization from 11-cis to all-trans hardly occurs at temperatures as low as 20 degrees C, and shows high values of the activation enthalpy and entropy changes. Based upon these findings, the role of retinochrome in the photoreception of the visual cells is discussed. PMID- 6626675 TI - Evaluation and propagation of confidence intervals in nonlinear, asymmetrical variance spaces. Analysis of ligand-binding data. AB - Two problems that are often overlooked in studies employing nonlinear least squares techniques for parameter estimation are confidence-interval estimation and propagation. When the parameters are correlated, the variance space and consequently the confidence intervals are nonlinear and asymmetrical. The presented mathematical method for the evaluation of confidence intervals and error propagation addresses these problems. The examples employed to demonstrate these methods include linear least-squares and the nonlinear least-squares analysis of ligand-binding problems, such as hormone receptor interactions and oxygen binding to human hemoglobin. The mathematical procedures have proven very useful for analyzing the molecular mechanism of cooperativity in human hemoglobin (Johnson, M. L., and G. K. Ackers, 1982. Biochemistry 21:201-211). PMID- 6626677 TI - Extension of the performance of Laplace deconvolution in the analysis of fluorescence decay curves. AB - The original Laplace deconvolution of luminescence data, obtained with pulsed systems, is reviewed. The system of equations from which the luminescence parameters can be determined is generalized for the case that describes the relaxation by a sum of exponentials. Artifacts such as scatter and time-shift can be taken into account. A modification of the original method that eliminates the iterative procedure in the estimation of the cut-off correction is suggested. This modified Laplace method is no longer restricted to the cases where the cut off error is rather small and the exciting flash has a low tail. The possibility of the combination of several discrete experiments in a single Laplace deconvolution, without introducing new parameters or normalization factors, is shown. The merits of this combination method are demonstrated on a time-resolved depolarization experiment. PMID- 6626678 TI - Pressure effects on alamethicin conductance in bilayer membranes. AB - We report here the first observations of the effects of elevated hydrostatic pressure on the kinetics of bilayer membrane conductance induced by the pore forming antibiotic, alamethicin. Bacterial phosphatidylethanolamine-squalene bilayer membranes were formed by the apposition of lipid monolayers in a vessel capable of sustaining hydrostatic pressures in the range, 0.1-100 MPa (1-1,000 atm). Principal observations were (a) the lifetimes of discrete conductance states were lengthened with increasing pressure, (b) both the onset and decay of alamethicin conductance accompanying application and removal of supra-threshold voltage pulses were slowed with increasing pressure, (c) the onset of alamethicin conductance at elevated pressure became distinctly sigmoidal, suggesting an electrically silent intermediate state of channel assembly, (d) the magnitudes of the discrete conductance levels observed did not change with pressure, and, (e) the voltage threshold for the onset of alamethicin conductance was not altered by pressure. Apparent activation volumes for both the formation and decay of conducting states were positive and of comparable magnitude, namely, approximately 100 A3/event. Observation d indicates that channel geometry and the kinetics of ion transport through open channels were not affected by pressure in the range employed. The remaining observations indicate that, while the relative positions of free-energy minima characterizing individual conducting states at a given voltage were not modified by pressure, the heights of intervening potential maxima were increased by its application. PMID- 6626679 TI - Photochemistry of two rhodopsinlike pigments in bacteriorhodopsin-free mutant of Halobacterium halobium. AB - Two photocycles due to two different pigments were found in membrane vesicles of a bacteriorhodopsin-free mutant of Halobacterium halobium. A pigment absorbing approximately 590 nm halorhodopsin (HR) underwent a faster photocycle with a phototransient at approximately 490 nm (half-time of decay, tau 1/2 = 10 ms). Another third rhodopsinlike pigment (TR) absorbing approximately 580 nm underwent a slower photocycle accompanying a phototransient absorbing below 410 nm (tau 1/2 = 0.8s). The photocycles were measured under various conditions of temperature, NaCl concentration, pH, and in the presence of cholate. All results obtained support the notion that the two photocycles are independent of each other, and the fast or the slow cycle can be abolished after these treatments. At alkaline pH, the wavelength of maximum absorbance of both pigments shifted to blue, but the magnitude of the shift of the pigment undergoing the slow photocycle was much greater than the other. The ratio of the content of the two pigments varies among bacteriorhodopsin-free mutants. PMID- 6626680 TI - A master equation theory of fluorescence induction, photochemical yield, and singlet-triplet exciton quenching in photosynthetic systems. AB - A master equation theory is formulated to describe the dependence of the fluorescence yield (phi) in photosynthetic systems on the number of photons (Y) absorbed per photosynthetic unit (or domain). This theory is applied to the calculation of the dependence of the fluorescence yield on Y in (a) fluorescence induction, and (b) singlet exciton-triplet excited-state quenching experiments. In both cases, the fluorescence yield depends on the number of previously absorbed photons per domain, and thus evolves in a nonlinear manner with increasing Y. In case a, excitons transform the photosynthetic reaction centers from a quenching state to a nonquenching state, or a lower efficiency of quenching state; subsequently, absorbed photons have a higher probability of decaying by radiative pathways and phi increases as Y increases. In case b, ground-state carotenoid molecules are converted to long-lived triplet excited state quenchers, and phi decreases as Y increases. It is shown that both types of processes are formally described by the same theoretical equations that relate phi to Y. The calculated phi (Y) curves depend on two parameters m and R, where m is the number of reaction centers (or ground-state carotenoid molecules that can be converted to triplets), and R is the ratio phi (Y leads to infinity)/(Y leads to 0). The finiteness of the photosynthetic units is thus taken into account. The m = 1 case corresponds to the "puddle" model, and m leads to infinity to the "lake," or matrix, model. It is shown that the experimental phi (Y) curves for both fluorescence induction and singlet-triplet exciton quenching experiments are better described by the m leads to infinity cases than the m = 1 case. PMID- 6626681 TI - Solute concentration effect on osmotic reflection coefficient. AB - A theory for the effect of concentration on osmotic reflection coefficient, correct to first order, was developed at the molecular level by considering the effect of solute-solute interactions on solute concentration and the fluid stress tensor within a solvent-filled pore. The solvent was modeled as a continuous fluid and potential energies between solute molecules and the pore wall were assumed to be pairwise additive. Although the theory is more general, calculations are presented only for excluded volume effects (hard-sphere for solute, hard-wall for pore). The relationship between the first-order concentration effect and the infinite dilution value of reflection coefficient appears to be geometry independent. The theory is discussed in light of experimental studies of osmotic flow that have recently appeared in the literature. PMID- 6626682 TI - The conducted action potential. Models and comparison to experiments. AB - Propagation of the action potential is a complex process, and the relationships among the various factors involved in conduction have not been clear. We use three mathematical models of uniform conduction in a cable to clarify some of these relationships. One model is newly derived here, and two have been previously derived by Hunter et al. (1975, Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol., 30:99-144). These models were able to simulate individual experimental action potential upstrokes previously obtained (Walton and Fozzard, 1983, Biophys. J., 44:1-8). The models were then utilized to provide relationships between measures of conduction. Among these were that maximal upstroke velocity (Vmax) is directly proportional to peak inward ionic current normalized by capacitance that is filled during the upstroke (I/Cf), and that conduction velocity was directly related to the square root of either Vmax or I/Cf. These relationships were shown to be model independent and to predict the experimental results, thus providing validated quantitative relationships that were not discernible through use of experimental data alone. The concept of safety factor was considered and a parameter was proposed that may be related to safety factor. PMID- 6626683 TI - Frequency domain analysis of electrotonic coupling between leech Retzius cells. AB - Transfer functions of the input impedance Z(f) and coupling ratio H(f) were measured from the paired Retzius cells of leech segmental ganglia, using sinusoidal and pseudorandom test test currents. The data were compared with two classes of linear electric circuit models of electrotonic coupling, one with a purely resistive junction, and the other with a finite equivalent cable coupling the two somata. Model simulations suggested the phase behavior of the coupling ratio as a sensitive discriminator between these two cases. For resistive coupling, the phase of the coupling ratio asymptotically approaches -90 degrees at high frequencies, while for a cable segment, at least 0.5 length constants in length, it crosses -90 degrees with a definite negative slope and continues to more negative values. Measured phase lags of the coupling ratio in Retzius cell preparations consistently exceeded -90 degrees at frequencies above 50 Hz, and phase plots crossed -90 degrees with significantly negative slopes. We conclude therefore that a significant cable segment contributes to the coupling between Retzius cell somata. PMID- 6626684 TI - Flux response coefficients of linear energy converters. AB - An isomorphism was found to exist between the flux response coefficients and the thermodynamic quantities, degree of coupling and force ratio, of a linear symmetric energy converter. From the description of this energy converter in terms of nonequilibrium thermodynamics several constraints were obtained for the possible values of the flux response coefficients. Conversely, the control theoretical description of the system gave insight into the flux response characteristics of the energy converter operating at different steady states. This information could not have been obtained from a thermodynamic description alone. PMID- 6626685 TI - Diffusion-controlled reactions of enzymes. An approximate analytic solution of Chou's model. AB - Based on Chou's model, a criterion was derived, by which one can judge whether or not the physical picture of the critical spherical shell described by Chou for an enzyme-substrate fast reaction system can emerge. Furthermore, for those reaction systems with such a physical picture, an approximate analytical solution was presented, which can be easily handled to calculate the upper limit of the diffusion-controlled reaction and the corresponding concentration distribution of substrate molecules on the surface of the major protein outside the active site. The results thus obtained are in good agreement with those computed by Chou et al. through the approach of numerical solution. Furthermore, the physical significance of the criterion and its relation to the critical spherical shell are substantiated during the process of derivation, which is very helpful for gaining an insight into this kind of biomolecular system with surprisingly high reaction rates. PMID- 6626686 TI - Kinetic analysis of biphasic protein modification reactions. Cooperative effects. AB - A mathematical treatment of protein modification reactions is presented, and it is shown that in these cases protein modification is described by a summation of exponential functions of reaction time, the number of exponentials being equal to the number of modified protein species. It is shown that, in cases of protein modification cooperativity, there is a strict dependence of the coefficients of the multiexponential modification equation on the constants of the same equation. The conditions necessary for a reduction of a multiexponential protein modification equation to one of a summation of two exponentials only are examined. The possible formulae for the coefficients of a two-exponential summation equation, used to describe the modification of protein models with two, three or four modifiable residues (as well as some aspects of models with five and six modifiable residues) per protein molecule are derived. It is seen that the number of such coefficients is severely limited. The most frequently obtained formula for the lower stoichiometric coefficient of a two-exponential-summation equation Is Aka/(ka-kb), where ka and kb are the constants of the two exponentials of the equation, and A is a constant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6626687 TI - Thermodynamic nonideality and the dependence of partition coefficient upon solute concentration in exclusion chromatography. II. An improved theory of equilibrium partitioning of concentrated protein solutions. Application to hemoglobin. AB - An improved theory for the partitioning of protein between concentrated bulk solution and solution sequestered in a porous medium is presented. The theory is based upon the assumption that the sequestered solution may be formally represented as a sum of three compartments: (1) a compartment which Is inaccessible to protein, but accessible to solvent and small molecule solutes; (2) a surface layer immediately adjacent to the pore boundary, within which protein molecules are constrained to quasi-two-dimensional motion; and (3) the remaining volume accessible to protein, within which the protein molecules behave as if in bulk solution. The dependence of the partition coefficient of hemoglobin upon protein concentration over the range 10-225 g/l, calculated using the theory presented, is found to agree quantitatively with experimental data presented previously (R.J. Siezen, L.W. Nichol and D.J. Winzor, Biophys. Chem. 14 (1981) 221) without invoking self-association of hemoglobin molecules. PMID- 6626688 TI - Simplifying principles for chemical and enzyme reaction kinetics. AB - Tihonov's Theorems for systems of first-order ordinary differential equations containing small parameters in the derivatives, which form the mathematical foundation of the steady-state approximation, are restated. A general procedure for simplifying chemical and enzyme reaction kinetics, based on the difference of characteristic time scales, Is presented. Korzuhin's Theorem, which makes it possible to approximate any kinetic system by a closed chemical system, is also reported. The notions and theorems are illustrated with examples of Michaelis Menten enzyme kinetics and of a simple autocatalytic system. Another example illustrates how the differences in the rate constants of different elementary reactions may be exploited to simplify reaction kinetics by using Tihonov's Theorem. All necessary mathematical notions are explained in the appendices. The most simple formulation of Tihonov's 1st Theorem 'for beginners' is also given. PMID- 6626689 TI - Polymerization of fibrin: analysis of light-scattering data and relation to a peptide release. PMID- 6626690 TI - Interaction of poly(X) with poly(U): alkali metal ion specificity suggests a four stranded helix. PMID- 6626691 TI - Possible observation of a defect resonance in DNA. PMID- 6626692 TI - Infrared spectroscopic study of C7 intramolecular hydrogen bonds in peptides. PMID- 6626693 TI - Comparative study of GuHCl denaturation of globular proteins. II. A phenomenological classification of denaturation profiles of 17 proteins. PMID- 6626694 TI - Stereochemistry of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid peptides in solution: helical conformations of protected decapeptides with repeating Aib-L-Ala and Aib-L-Val sequences. PMID- 6626695 TI - Hydrodynamic properties of mucous glycoproteins. PMID- 6626696 TI - The heminucleotide scheme: an effective probe in the analysis and description of ordered polynucleotide structures. PMID- 6626697 TI - Absorption and disposition characteristics of nitrofurantoin in dogs. AB - This study reports the disposition kinetic properties of nitrofurantoin in dogs following single intravenous and oral administration of various formulations of nitrofurantoin. Also reported here is the effect of delaying gastric emptying by food and atropine on the absorption characteristics of nitrofurantoin. The drug absorption parameters calculated using a deconvolution computer program indicate that the rate and extent of enterohepatic recycling affects the elimination and absorption rate constants and thus confound the bioavailability calculations of nitrofurantoin, heretofore unrecognized in the literature. The plasma half-life following intravenous administration was 31 min (monoexponential equation) with little effect of enterohepatic recycling noted. Following oral administration, a biexponential equation with lag-time was used to fit the blood levels. The absorption half-lives were higher when nitrofurantoin was administered as a solid dosage form compared to a solution. The absorption half-lives following tablet administration ranged from 30 to 72 min and were not affected by food or atropine. The elimination half-lives following oral administration ranged from 19 to 87 min with significantly prolonged elimination when solid dosage forms were administered compared to solution. The extent of absorption ranged from 38 to 120 per cent. A direct correlation between the absorption and elimination half-life was established, indicating that increased biliary recycling direct affects the apparent disposition half-life. The three brands of nitrofurantoin tested for bioavailability showed that the use of blood levels without appropriate corrections for biliary recycling are not suitable for bioavailability testing of nitrofurantoin. The use of urinary excretion data in evaluating nitrofurantoin bioavailability is also questioned in the study. PMID- 6626698 TI - Pharmacokinetics of urea: development of a kinetic model for correlating dietary nitrogen intake and urea metabolism in chronic renal failure. AB - A simple urea pharmacokinetic model is developed to define the multiple correlations among dietary nitrogen intake, urea generation rate, and serum urea nitrogen. Model-based patient data are simulated during and between dialysis for serum urea nitrogen. Application of the kinetic model is demonstrated by retrospective fitting of serum urea nitrogen to the simultaneous equations which pertain to the model. The pharmacokinetic parameters obtained through the computer fitting can be integrated according to the mass balance equation to yield a quantitative solution to achieving the regulation of protein nitrogen intake. The kinetic approach is potentially advantageous over the conventional nitrogen balance method by virtue of its simplicity. Further validation of the pharmacokinetic model is required before its clinical application. PMID- 6626699 TI - Systemic bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of methylprednisolone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis following 'high-dose' pulse administration. AB - The absolute and relative bioavailability of two methylprednisolone formulations (capsules and suspension) was determined along with its pharmacokinetics in four arthritic female patients, following an unconventional high-dose pulse of 1 g. Plasma concentrations of the drug were measured by a sensitive and specific high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure. The disposition of methylprednisolone from plasma following intravenous (i.v.) infusion of its succinate ester appeared monoexponential with a mean half-life of 2.4 h and an apparent volume of distribution (Vd) of 50 l (0.87 l/kg). The total body clearance (Cl) averaged 15.12 l/h. Absolute bioavailability was assessed by comparing the areas under the plasma concentration time curves (normalized to dose) following oral administration of capsule or suspension with those of intravenous administration. No significant difference (p greater than 0.2) was observed when systemic availability (f, expressed in per cent) following administration of drug in capsule (f = 49.35 per cent) was compared with that obtained following the administration of drug in a suspension (f = 58.26 per cent). The difference in the observed and predicted f may be due to incomplete absorption, hepatic and/or extrahepatic metabolism of methylprednisolone. Subjective evaluation showed no side effects of this high-dose pulse therapy in any of the patients. PMID- 6626700 TI - Pharmacokinetic studies with atenolol in the dog. AB - The pharmacokinetics of the cardioselective beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agent atenolol have been determined following intravenous and oral dosing to the dog. After intravenous administration at 200 mg the blood levels of parent drug were found to decay tri-exponentially with a final elimination phase half-life of about 4.5 h. The volume of distribution for the central compartment was 40 per cent body weight and the whole body volume of distribution was 160 per cent body weight. The percentage urinary recovery of parent drug was 83 per cent. Following oral dosing at 400 mg (as a solution and as a clinical trial tablet) the percentage urinary recovery was 65 per cent and the half-life extended slightly to between 5 and 6 h. The peak blood levels were however very similar for the two formulations (17 and 15 micrograms/ml for the solution and tablet respectively) and occurred at the same time (1-2 h after dosing). The total ares under the blood concentration time curves were similar and the values (100 and 104 micrograms/ml-1 h respectively) agreed well with that anticipated on the basis of the intravenous data. It was concluded that the two formulations were bioequivalent and that following oral dosing atenolol was almost completely absorbed with little metabolism or biliary excretion. Following chronic oral dosing at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day the systemic blood levels were found to increase with dose at all time points throughout the study. There was no sex or dose dependency of the half-life and its value on chronic dosing was very similar to that on acute dosing. The dose dependency of the area under the blood concentration time curves was reflected in the plateau blood levels and there was very good agreement between the experimental values and the theoretical relationship based on the acute pharmacokinetic data. In accordance with the half life there was no accumulation at any of the dose levels studied. Thus it can be concluded that atenolol obeys linear pharmacokinetics over the dose range studied. PMID- 6626701 TI - Significance of ratios of different volumes of distribution in pharmacokinetics. AB - Multicompartmental pharmacokinetics involves the four volumes: Vc = volume of the central compartment; Vss = volume of distribution steady-state; V beta = volume of distribution beta; and Vext = the extrapolated volume of distribution. The ratio Vc/Vext is indicative of the degree of multicompartmental character of a set of data. The quantity (Vext/V beta)--1 is the fractional error in the total clearance when one assumes a monoexponential rather than a polyexponential equation for disposition of a drug. The ratio Vss/V beta indicates how well the one-compartment body model predicts average amounts of drug in the body when a multicompartmental model is actually operative. The quantity (Vss/Vc)--1 is equal to either k12/k21 or k12/k21 + k13/k31 of the two- and three-compartmental mammillary models. Examples from the literature are reported and discussed. PMID- 6626703 TI - Systemic bioavailability of acebutolol in man. PMID- 6626702 TI - Pharmacokinetics, acetylation-deacetylation, renal clearance, and protein binding of sulphamerazine, N4-acetylsulphamerazine, and N4-trideuteroacetylsulphamerazine in 'fast' and 'slow' acetylators. AB - Sulphamerazine shows a clear acetylator phenotype. The half-life of elimination of sulphamerazine is 12 h in 'fast' and 24 h in 'slow' acetylators. N4 Acetylsulphamerazine is eliminated biphasically, characterized by half-lives of 5 and 12 h in 'fast' and 5 and 24 h in 'slow' acetylators. Protein binding of sulphamerazine (86 per cent) and N4-acetylsulphamerazine (92 per cent) is independent of acetylator phenotype or the origin of the compound, whether it is present in the body as parent compound or metabolite. The renal clearance of sulphamerazine (20 ml min-1) and N4-acetylsulphamerazine (300-500) ml min-1) is independent of the acetylator type and the origin of the compound. The existence of an acetylation-deacetylation equilibrium in the metabolism of sulphamerazine has been demonstrated with the test drug N4-trideuteroacetylsulphamerazine, which inhibits the renal excretion and clearance of N4-acetylsulphamerazine. PMID- 6626706 TI - Possible interrelationship between gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis in the liver. AB - Effects of various ketogenic substrates on gluconeogenesis from lactate were examined. D,L-3-Hydroxybutyrate (5 mM) stimulated gluconeogenesis by 41%, the effect being the same as that of 5 mM acetate (49%). No stimulating effect of acetoacetate was observed; conversely, acetoacetate (up to 40 mM) partially or completely abolished the observed stimulating effects of acetate, oleate, and 3 hydroxybutyrate. The results suggest that, in intact liver cells, pyruvate is transported into mitochondria in exchange for acetoacetate and that an interrelationship between gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis at the level of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier may exist in the liver. PMID- 6626704 TI - Levels of the beta-blockers atenolol and propranolol in the breast milk of women treated for hypertension in pregnancy. PMID- 6626705 TI - Lipid peroxidation of skeletal muscle: an in vitro study. AB - The process of lipid peroxidation of skeletal muscle has been examined in vitro by monitoring the autoxidation of skeletal-muscle homogenates. Skeletal-muscle tissue has been shown to have considerable capacity for autoxidation and the process has been found to be initiated by a free-radical-mediated mechanism, critically dependent on the presence of free iron in the homogenate. The initiating radicals have not been firmly identified, but the results suggest that neither superoxide or hydroxyl radicals are involved. An in vitro technique for assessment of the antioxidant capacity of muscle tissue has also been developed which is capable of demonstrating differences between muscle tissues with differing vitamin E contents. PMID- 6626708 TI - Ca2+-sensitive permeability changes caused by influenza virus. AB - Influenza virus added to Lettre cells at pH 5.3 induces a permeability change similar to that elicited by Sendai virus at pH 7.4: K+ and Na+ equilibrate across the plasma membrane and low-molecular-weight phosphorylated compounds leak out of cells, which remain impermeable to trypan blue. PMID- 6626707 TI - Analysis of the temperature-dependent temporal pattern of heat-shock-protein synthesis in fish cells. AB - Continuous exposure of Chinook salmon embryo cells to an elevated incubation temperature of 24 degrees C induces the transient expression of a set of heat shock or stress proteins whereas maintenance of the cells at a higher incubation temperature of 28 degrees C produces a continuous synthesis of these stress proteins. In vitro translation studies suggest that the temperature-dependent temporal pattern of stress-protein synthesis is correlated with the levels of stress-protein mRNA. This was verified using a recombinant-DNA probe complementary to the 70K heat-shock-protein mRNA. A transient increase in the level of the fish heat-shock 70K mRNA was observed in RNA samples isolated from cells continuously exposed at 24 degrees C. However, a constant increase in the level of this specific mRNA was found in RNA preparations obtained from cells maintained at 28 degrees C. Therefore, the temperature-dependent pattern of fish heat-shock-protein synthesis appears to be directly related to the level of heat shock-protein mRNA. PMID- 6626710 TI - Mitochondria of adult human brown adipose tissue contain a 32 000-Mr uncoupling protein. AB - Using both immunohistological study and photoaffinity labelling with radioactive azido-ATP, evidence is presented that the mitochondrial membranes of the brown adipose tissue of the human adult contain a 32 000-Mr uncoupling protein, which is probably similar to the uncoupling protein of BAT of rodents. PMID- 6626711 TI - Turnover of ribosomal 28S and 18S rRNA during rat liver regeneration. AB - The turnover of 28S and 18S rRNA was studied in the course of 12 d after partial hepatectomy, including the proliferative (1st to 5th d) and post-proliferative (6th to 12th d) phases of liver regeneration. Turnover data, as the day-to-day rates of synthesis and degradation of 28S and 18S rRNA, were obtained by employing a suitable experimental procedure for the estimation of the increase of the amount of rRNA in the regenerating liver. It was found that 28S and 18S rRNA are accumulated into the cytoplasm and degraded at identical rates both in the proliferative and post-proliferative phases. The turnover of both rRNA moieties is markedly slower during the first 3 d of liver regeneration. PMID- 6626709 TI - Oligomeric forms of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV) and of its complementary RNA are present in nuclei isolated from viroid-infected potato cells. AB - Different oligomeric forms of PSTV are detected in nuclei isolated from PSTV infected potato cells by means of molecular hybridization, using as probes synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides with sequence specificity for (+)PSTV and for (-)PSTV. In addition to several species of longer-than-unit-length (-)PSTV molecules, two oligomeric forms of (+)PSTV are detected, which correspond in size to RNA strands of approximately two and three times viroid unit-length. They must be considered as the precursors of the circular and linear (+)PSTV monomers accumulating in the cell nucleus. PMID- 6626712 TI - Mathematical model of the velocity field external to a tank-treading red cell. AB - The velocity field external to a stationary ellipsoidal particle with continuously rotating surface motion driven by a surrounding shear flow is calculated. The configuration is intended to model the so-called "tank-treading" behavior of mammalian erythrocytes (red cells) when suspended in shear flow. The boundary-value problem posed is based on the model developed by Keller & Skalak (7) and is solved by adapting Jeffrey's general solution (9) for the Stokes flow about a rigid, freely rotating ellipsoid immersed in an unbounded viscous flow. Streamlines and velocity profiles in the plane of symmetry are obtained by numerical computations. The flow pattern reveals two free stagnation points near the ends of the particle and the streamlines branching from these points delineate a region of closed streamlines surrounding the particle and two recirculating wakes extending to infinity both upstream and downstream of the particle. The presence of the wakes suggests a mechanism for enhanced diffusion of smaller solute particles in the surrounding fluid. PMID- 6626713 TI - The motion of close-packed red blood cells in shear flow. AB - Experimental and theoretical results are presented concerning the motion of close packed red blood cell suspensions subjected to steady simple shear flow. The behavior of the suspension was observed microscopically using a cone-and-plate rheoscope. At moderate and high shear rates the cells show a fairly orderly arrangement, each appearing polygonal in the field of view. An idealized theoretical model for the suspension is developed, in which each cell is a 14 sided polyhedron of varying shape, but with constant surface area and volume. Tank-treading motion of the membrane is predicted, and an approximation to the motion is calculated which is consistent with the known mechanical properties of the membrane. It is shown that considerably more energy is dissipated in the membrane than in the cytoplasm during tank-treading. PMID- 6626714 TI - The bulk rheology of close-packed red blood cells in shear flow. AB - A theoretical analysis is made of the dynamical behavior and bulk rheology of close-packed red blood cell suspensions subjected to simple shear flow. The model for the polyhedral cell shapes and tank-treading membrane motion developed in the companion paper (1) is used. The flow in the thin lubricating plasma layers between cells is analyzed taking into account the mechanical properties of the membrane at the corner regions of sharp membrane curvature. This leads to predictions for the apparent viscosity as a function of hematocrit and shear rate. Good agreement with experimental results is obtained at moderate and high shear rates (above 20 s-1). At lower shear rates, a rapid rise in apparent viscosity has been found experimentally, and the mechanisms leading to this behavior are examined. PMID- 6626716 TI - Effect of microrheology of blood on the apparent flow instability in a rotational viscometer. AB - Flow instability (formation of vortices and a concurrent increase in the apparent viscosity) was studied in the rotational rhombospheroid viscometer of 3 degrees, 5 degrees and 10 degrees gaps over a range of speeds from 10 to 300 r.p.m.. Comparisons between different blood systems were carried out mainly at 250 r.p.m. Experiments were carried out on blood samples obtained directly from human subjects, or from the Blood Bank, or from horses. Reconstituted suspensions of red cells in albumin or dextran were also used. Apparent flow instability was found to be not solely a function of blood viscosity, but a multiple function of many viscosity factors or blood subphases, including instability-decreasing factors such as haematocrit and aggregation of red cells; and instability increasing factors such as rigidity of red cells; and thus specific to and characteristic of individual blood samples. Apparent instability can be described by multiple regressions as a function, Z, of red cell rigidity, Tk, blood viscosity, napp, and aggregation of red cells, AG; for example: Z = -28.29 + 26.24 Tk + 0.109 napp (r = 0.816; P less than 0.001), or Z = 5.90 - 0.0165 AG - 0.752 napp (r = 0.573; P less than 0.05). The apparent instability can be seen only in one-third of blood samples obtained from horses, and in more than half of blood samples obtained from human donors; majority of human donors shows apparent instability below 3 per cent. PMID- 6626715 TI - Indices of filterability of red blood cell suspensions. AB - A number of different experimental techniques have been devised in recent years to use microsieving as a test of the filterability of suspensions of red blood cells. Various indices have been proposed to express the results of these tests. In the present paper a correlation is made of the intrinsic increase in resistance at the level of a single pore in the filter to the macroscopically observed pressure and flow through the entire filter. Further it is shown how a number of different tests may be used to derive the same index. The results apply only to situations in which there is no plugging of pores. PMID- 6626717 TI - Summaries and abstracts: Fifth International Congress of Biorheology, Baden Baden, F.R. Germany, 20-24 August 1983. PMID- 6626718 TI - [Stereological ultrastructural study of myocardial atrophy in hypokinesia]. AB - The myocardium of Wistar rats immobilized for 5, 15 and 30 days was examined by morphometry and stereological methods for evaluating the volumetric and surface density of myofibrils, mitochondria, T system, sarcoplasmic reticulum and for the measurement of the volumetric ratio of different ultrastructures to the density of myofibrils and the surface-volumetric ratio of the main organelles of the cardiomyocyte. Myocardial atrophy was shown to develop in the course of hypokinesia. The 30-day hypokinesia entailed changes in ultrastructural organization of cardiomyocytes, attesting to the tension of intracellular systems responsible for energy supply, of ionic membrane transport and the contractile apparatus. PMID- 6626719 TI - [Study of the microcirculatory bed in inflammation by the method of automatic image analysis]. AB - Peritonitis in rats was provoked by intraperitoneal injection of carrageenan (5 mg in 5 ml 0.9% NaCl). Twenty-four hours after injection microvessels of the intestinal mesentery were examined by intravital microscopy and automatic image analysis. Using the system of the texture analysis LEITZ-TAS the internal and external diameters of microvessels, the dilatation coefficient, the blood content index, intensity and extent of permeability disturbances of the vascular wall, and the number of mast cells per unit of the mesentery surface area were determined. During inflammation, the internal diameter of the capillaries increased from 6.6 + 2 to 7.4 + 0.2 microM and that of the venules from 15.2 + 0.9 to 18.8 + 1.1 microM. Dilatation of the arterioles was revealed by the dilatation coefficient which changed from 25 + 1.0 to 19 + 1.1%. At the same time the blood content index did not change significantly. During inflammation, the number of mast cells decreased 2.53 times as a result of degranulation. Permeability of the microvascular wall increased sharply (the intensity by 2.74 times, the extent by 15.3 times). The method applied enables one to obtain under intravital conditions a quantitative description of the microcirculatory status during inflammation. PMID- 6626720 TI - [New hematological method for detecting long-term consequences of short-term myocardial ischemia]. AB - It has been shown in chronic experiments on dogs with reversible disorders of the coronary circulation that the sequels of a 3-5-minute reversible myocardial ischemia might be identified throughout 24-120 hours by an original method suggested by the authors. The method is based on the diagnosis of latent postischemic leukocytosis and other associated hematological shifts. PMID- 6626721 TI - [Effect of parathyroidin on the course of acute myocardial ischemia in experiments on rats]. AB - Experiments were made on 187 white rats weighing 180-200 g. Acute myocardial ischemia was simulated in 137 animals. Fifty sham-operated rats served as control. Experimental acute myocardial ischemia was accompanied by an increase in blood creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase activity as well as by an elevation of serum lactate level and fall of blood plasma calcium concentration, suppression of diuresis and excretion of calcium with urine. Intraperitoneal injections of parathyroidine to rats with acute myocardial ischemia led to rapid normalization of the homeostatic parameters. Lethality of experimental animals decreased 1.8-fold. PMID- 6626722 TI - [Relation of cardiomyocyte lysosomes to indices of function, metabolism and ultrastructure of the intact rabbit heart]. AB - Twenty-eight physiological, biochemical and morphological parameters that characterize intact heart activity were studied during different seasons. The factor analysis made it possible to define two groups of the characteristics with a pronounced internal correlation. Analysis of the characteristics has demonstrated that the lysosomal apparatus of cardiomyocytes is involved in the maintenance of heart muscle contractility. PMID- 6626723 TI - [Significance of the deviation of the forced expiratory spirogram from the exponential relation]. AB - The forced expiratory curve was divided into individual parts which presented its exponential dependencies. The tau-parameter depicting the speed of exponential process was determined for each part. Variations of this parameter during the course of forced expiration reflected obstructive changes in the bronchopulmonary system of man. The method is highly sensitive to the small airway pathology. It enables the determination of the site of the action of a broncholytic and the differentiation between the obstruction of small and large airways. Moreover, it makes it possible to establish whether the expiratory speed improvement is the result of airways obstruction release or the lung restriction release. PMID- 6626724 TI - [Accumulation of gaseous products of lipid peroxidation in the expired air of human subjects during hyperbaric oxygenation]. AB - Hyperbaric oxygenation (1 atm. of pure oxygen, 60 min. exposure) resulted in a sharp increase of the endogenous lipoperoxidation level in humans which was evaluated by the pentane content in the exhaled air. That activation of endogenous lipid peroxidation was a short-term process: 2-3-fold increase of pentane content 10 min after exposure to hyperbaric oxygenation and levelling off to control values in 1 hour. It is recommended to use determination of endogenous lipid peroxidation by the pentane content in the exhaled air in order to find optimal regimens of hyperbaric oxygenation. PMID- 6626726 TI - [Effect of a vasopressin analog on the chemoreactive properties of sensorimotor cortex neurons]. AB - Subcutaneous injection of 10 micrograms desglycilargininvasopressin (DG-AVP) does not alter the mean frequency of background unit activity of sensorimotor cortical neurons. However, the pattern of impulse activity is essentially changed. At the same time the reactions of sensorimotor cortical neurons to microiontophoretic administration of acetylcholine and noradrenaline experience definite changes. It is suggested that the DG-AVP-induced changes in chemoreactive properties of neurons underlie the effect of this peptide on the learning and memory. PMID- 6626725 TI - [Effect of water-soluble antioxidants on the permeability of lysosomal membranes and on the structure of the liver in rats with thermal burns]. AB - Experiments on rats were made to study the effect of water-soluble antioxidants on the permeability of lysosomal membranes of liver cells and liver structure under burn. Antioxidants were injected intraperitoneally shortly after burn, whereas examination was performed after one day. It has been discovered that one day after burn there takes place an appreciable destabilization of lysosomal membranes with the release of a lysosomal matrix enzyme, cathepsin D to the cytoplasm. Liver structure had undergone substantial changes by that time. After administration of water-soluble antioxidants lysosomal membranes got stabilized while liver structure manifested but insignificant disorders. PMID- 6626727 TI - [Effect of neonatal sympathectomy on systemic hemodynamics and myocardial contractility in spontaneously hypertensive rats]. AB - 6-Hydroxydopamine was injected into normotensive rats (NR) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) during three weeks after birth. Cardiac output, blood pressure and heart contractility were measured in NR and SHR aged ten weeks. Sympathectomized SHR did not develop arterial hypertension. In these rats, cardiac output and heart contractility were decreased, whereas in sympathectomized NR, blood pressure was unchanged and cardiac output was increased. Possible mechanisms of the hemodynamic data are discussed. PMID- 6626728 TI - [Ion-exchange sorption of calcium and strontium from blood and its plasma]. AB - The authors explored the statics of Ca2+ and Sr2+ sorption from a saline, imitating the salt (mineral) composition of the blood plasma, and from blood plasma. As the plasma concentration was raised, there was a consistent decrease in ion sorption of KU = 2 X 8 cationite characteristic for M2+ complex formation in solution. Conventional constants for formation of complex compounds and mole proportions (%) of free (M2+) and complex forms (MLx-) metals were calculated. The time course of calcium and strontium sorption on KU = 2 X 8 ion-exchange resin from saline and blood plasma was studied. It was discovered that sorption from saline proceeded according to the externally diffusion kinetics type, whereas sorption from plasma according to the mixed type of the ion-exchange kinetics. The kinetic ratios were calculated for the indicated versions of sorption experiments. The mechanisms of sorption found in model experiments were extrapolated to dog experiments with blood decalcination, which supported the adequacy of experimental hemosorption under consideration. PMID- 6626729 TI - [Spatial organization of low density lipoproteins of the human aorta (study using fluorescent probes)]. AB - Low density lipids of the atherosclerosis-unaffected human aorta, unlike plasma lipoproteins belonging to the same class, contain lipid peroxidation products in the superficial layer. The viscosity of the lipid phase of the aorta and blood plasma is the same. In protein of aorta lipoproteins, tryptophan residues are outside the particle whereas in plasma lipoproteins, they are buried deep in the lipid phase. The data on energy transfer to the probes provide evidence in favour of the fact that in aorta lipoproteins, protein is lying on the particle surface in a thicker layer and occupies a 2-times lesser area than in plasma lipoproteins. PMID- 6626730 TI - [Spontaneous intraictal spikes in rabbits during kindling-type electrostimulation of the hippocampus]. AB - During kindling electric stimulation of the hippocamp, some rabbits demonstrate the appearance of spontaneous interictal spikes (SIS). First they appear in the stimulated hippocamp, then in the contralateral one, and later on in the neocortex. The development of the kindling syndrome depends on the relationship between SIS in the neocortex and hippocamp and the degree of their synchronism. If the amount of SIS in the hippocamp considerably exceeds that in the cortex, the kindling syndrome rapidly progresses. Alternatively, provided that the amount of SIS in the cortex significantly rises and drops at the same time in the hippocamp, the kindling syndrome disappears. PMID- 6626731 TI - [Dynamics of the distribution of labeled etimizol in brain cell structures]. AB - The time course of 14C-etimizol distribution in cell structures of the rat cerebral cortex was studied. Two minutes after intraperitoneal injection etimizol penetrates brain cells. At this time the greater portion of the drug is found in cytosol. In five minutes the maximal part of the label gets bound with cell nuclei and microsomal protein fraction extracted with 0.14 M NaCl. These two cell fractions show the highest radioactivity throughout the entire observation period (up to 7 days). Since these fractions are reported to be capable of calcium accumulation, a suggestion is made that metabolic effects of etimizol are likely to be related to calcium metabolism. PMID- 6626732 TI - [Effect of antioxidants on the release of 3H-serotonin by rat brain synaptosomes]. AB - The effects of free radical scavengers of different chemical structure (hydroxypyridines, hindered phenols, hydroxyphenothiazines) on processes of 3H hydroxytryptamine uptake and release by rat brain synaptosomes were studied. All free radical scavengers used inhibited 3T-hydroxytryptamine uptake and stimulated 3H-hydroxytryptamine release, with the efficacy being reduced in the following order: 7-hydroxyaminazine greater than butylated hydroxytoluene greater than paginol-2-methyl-6-ethyl-3-hydroxypyridine greater than alpha-tocopherol. The effects of free radical scavengers were eliminated in the presence of EGTA or after cooling to 4 degrees C. PMID- 6626734 TI - [Effect of sodium thiosulfate on viable areas of the pancreas in experimental pancreatitis]. AB - Experimental pancreatitis in white rats is marked by stromal edema, dystrophic changes of acinar cells, with intracellular edema in an intact part of the pancreas. Subsequently the acinar cells undergo intracellular regeneration and hypertrophy, which is accompanied by intensive incorporation of 14C-leucin into glandular proteins. Sodium thiosulfate prevents the development of stromal edema and intracellular edema of the acinar cells and retards the development of acinar cell hypertrophy. The drug produces an inhibitory action on 14C-leucin incorporation into pancreatic proteins. PMID- 6626733 TI - [Use of the antioxidant ionol to prevent damage to the heart from prolonged administration of antitubercular preparations]. AB - Prolonged administration of isoniazid, protionamide and rifampicin to white rats is accompanied by marked depression of myocardial contractile function determined by the distress of membranous mechanisms of calcium transport because of excessive activation of lipid peroxidation in cardiomyocyte biomembranes. Administration of ionol coupled with antituberculous drugs prevents their cardiotoxic effects. PMID- 6626735 TI - [Effect of different doses of naloxone on the course of hemorrhagic shock in rats]. AB - Experiments on 52 Wistar rats were made to induce hemorrhagic shock by exemption of 40% blood from the jugular vein, which was followed by intravenous injection of either physiological solution or naloxone in doses of 0.4 and 1 mg/kg. Naloxone in a dose of 1 mg/kg was found to improve the animals' status as compared with the control (injection of physiological solution). On the contrary, injection of naloxone in a dose of 0.4 mg/kg led to the deterioration of the animals' status. Based on these data it is suggested that different opiate receptors play an inconclusive role in the development and progress of hemorrhagic shock induced by acute hemorrhage. PMID- 6626736 TI - [Effect of naloxone in hypotension caused by acute blood loss in Papio hamadryas baboons]. AB - Naloxone or physiological solution were injected in different doses to 11 baboons (Papio hamadryas) weighing 7-8 kg after bloodletting in a volume of 40% of the total amount of the blood. Naloxone effectively raised (in all the doses) the arterial blood pressure which dropped after bloodletting. The action of naloxone injected in small doses was more pronounced and had unique time parameters. Besides, the respiratory rate was also increased. Injection of nalorphine in a dose of 1 mg/kg produced a similar but a more demonstrable action as compared with naloxone in a dose of 1 mg/kg. A conclusion is made about the possibility of using the antagonists of opioid peptides on a clinical basis for the treatment of shock conditions. An assumption of an inconclusive role played by the subtypes of opiate receptors in the formation of shock conditions is also confirmed. PMID- 6626737 TI - [Vacuum transfer of DNA to filters for detecting interindividual polymorphism by the Southern blotting hybridization method]. AB - The data are provided on the possibility of detecting interindividual polymorphism from the organization of repeated DNA sequences of the alphoid type in human genome. The data were obtained on the basis of the Sothern blotting hybridization method whose efficacy was raised by means of vacuum transfer of DNA from gel to nitrocellulose filters. PMID- 6626738 TI - [Characteristics of natural killer cells (NK cells) and features of the cytotoxic test in Syrian hamsters]. AB - The cytotoxic test in vitro with the use of xenogeneic target cells of human myeloma, strain K-562, labeled with 51Cr has demonstrated natural cytotoxicity of lymphoid cells from noninbred Syrian hamsters. This cytotoxicity occurs at the cost of non-adherent splenocytes. NK may be isolated over the gradient density of ficoll (1.078), selective for large granular lymphocytes. To detect the maximal lytic activity of NK from Syrian hamsters in the cytotoxic test in vitro, they should be brought into 10-12 hour contact with sensitive target cells K-562. In Syrian hamsters, the highest natural cytotoxicity is shown by the cells of the blood and spleen. In the bone marrow and thymus, it is little pronounced and is virtually absent from the peripheral lymph nodes. PMID- 6626739 TI - [Tumors induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in hybrid mice with the pituitary gland transplanted in the kidney]. AB - 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine (DMH) decreased the incidence of tumors in hypophyseal isografts in hybrid mice (CBA X C57BL/6)F1 and prevented the development of mammary tumors. In mice bearing hypophyseal isografts, there was a decrease in the incidence of DMH-induced hemangiomas of the ovary. The same mice showed no alterations in the incidence of DMH-induced uterine sarcomas, tumors of the large intestine, anal region and liver. PMID- 6626740 TI - [Effect of neonatal androgenization on uterine sarcomagenesis induced by 1,2 dimethylhydrazine in female CBA mice]. AB - A single injection of testosterone propionate to newborn female CBA mice provoked earlier puberty and formation of permanent estrous in the majority of animals. This led to an abrupt reduction of the latent period and the increased incidence of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced uterine sarcomas (90 versus 9% upon DMH injection to intact mice). PMID- 6626741 TI - [Parenchymal-stromal relations in the myocardium of heterothermal animals in conditions of seasonal biorhythms]. AB - The myocardium of 20 Citellus erythrogenys Br. was studied by quantitative morphology in different seasons. Morphometry and stereological methods were used to measure the cardiomyocyte diameter, volume and surface densities of the main tissue structures. The morphological criteria were derived for the seasonal features of the relations in muscular and connective tissues of the hibernating rodent myocardium. Myocardial atrophy (seasonal regression of the heart weight and the cardiomyocyte diameter) was noted during hibernation. It was accompanied by adaptive tissue reorganization. The parenchymal-stromal relations in the myocardium of both active and hibernating animals were found to be stable. In these conditions there occurred significant changes in the architectonics of the myocardium. PMID- 6626742 TI - Biologic and clinical significance of red cell ferritin. AB - Red cell ferritin was measured in normal subjects and patients with disorders of iron metabolism, inflammation, liver dysfunction, impaired hemoglobin synthesis, and increased red cell turnover by means of radioimmunoassays with antibodies to liver (basic) and heart (acidic) ferritins. The normal mean values for basic and acidic ferritin were 8.9 and 22.7 altogram (ag)/cell, respectively. The red cell ferritin content reflected changes occurring in tissues both in iron deficiency and iron overload. Basic ferritin was more closely related to the body iron status than acidic ferritin, and the acidic/basic ferritin ratio was increased in iron deficiency and decreased in iron overload. The major factor determining the red cell ferritin content appeared to be the transferrin saturation, that is, the distribution of iron between monoferric and diferric transferrin. This is in keeping with recent data indicating a competitive advantage of diferric transferrin in delivering iron to erythroid cells. In addition, the red cell ferritin content was increased in thalassemic patients with normal iron status, appearing to be inversely related to the rate of hemoglobin synthesis. The determination of red cell ferritin, based on a commercially available basic ferritin assay, can have clinical application. It can be used for evaluating the adequacy of the iron supply to the erythroid marrow, particularly in patients with increased red cell turnover. Moreover, it may be useful in evaluating the body iron status in patients with hemochromatosis and liver disease. PMID- 6626743 TI - Fibrin-associated plasminogen activation in alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor deficiency. AB - The clot formed from the plasma of a patient with congenital deficiency of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor underwent a spontaneous extensive fibrinolysis. Radiolabeled fibrinogen was added to the plasma before clotting, and the whole process of the fibrinolysis was followed by measuring the release of radiolabels. Plasminogen activation was also followed by measuring the amidolytic activity that developed. There was an initial latent period, followed by an exponential increase of fibrinolytic activity. During the latent period, there was little or no release of radiolabels and no development of amidolytic activity. During the latent period, the clot was washed thoroughly to remove unbound proteins from fibrin and was incubated in buffered saline. The washed clot still underwent fibrinolysis, similar to the original plasma clot, suggesting that the plasminogen/plasminogen activators bound to fibrin during the initial latent period are responsible for fibrinolysis. The amount of plasminogen bound to fibrin during the latent period was close to the amount of plasminogen activated during the whole process of fibrinolysis. When the amount of plasminogen bound to fibrin was decreased by epsilon aminocaproic acid, the extent of fibrinolysis was decreased in parallel with the decrease of the amount of the bound plasminogen. This suggests that the amount of plasminogen bound to fibrin is one of the determinants of the rate of the fibrinolytic process. PMID- 6626745 TI - Impaired natural killer cell function in preleukemia. PMID- 6626744 TI - Immunologic studies of human coagulation factor XI and its complex with high molecular weight kininogen. AB - Coagulation factor XI was purified from human plasma using ion-exchange chromatography and affinity chromatography on high molecular weight kininogen Sepharose. A monospecific precipitating antiserum was prepared and used to study factor XI antigen. Factor XI did not migrate during electrophoresis at pH 8.3. High molecular weight kininogen (HMWK), an alpha globulin, reversibly associates with factor XI. Complex formation between HMWK and factor XI was observed under conditions of crossed-immunoelectrophoresis. Using Laurell rocket immunoelectrophoresis, it was shown that the isolated alkylated light chain of kinin-free HMWK formed a complex with factor XI. In contrast to previous studies of prekallikrein, titrations of factor XI with increasing amounts of HMWK did not give a simple titration curve, suggesting that factor XI dissociates from the complex during electrophoresis. Prekallikrein and factor XI were shown to compete for the same HMWK molecules under the conditions of immunoelectrophoresis, and prekallikrein appeared to have a higher affinity for binding to HMWK than factor XI. Quantitative determinations of factor XI antigen in plasma by rocket immunoelectrophoresis were made. The average amount of factor XI measured in plasma samples from 20 normal individuals was 4.5 micrograms/ml (range 3-6). No factor XI antigen was detected in plasma from a patient deficient in factor XI. Normal factor XI antigen levels were detected in 3 different HMWK-deficient plasmas only if the plasmas were reconstituted with purified HMWK (2 U/ml). Addition of HMWK to normal plasma resulted in an increase of the factor XI antigen rocket. At HMWK levels of 2 U/ml, no further increase of the factor XI antigen rocket was observed. Therefore, accurate measurement of factor XI antigen by rocket immunoelectrophoresis is possible only if an excess of HMWK is present. PMID- 6626746 TI - J-5 antibody and prolymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 6626747 TI - Platelet aggregation. PMID- 6626748 TI - Pyruvate kinase isozyme (PK-Greenville) with defective allosteric activation by fructose-1,6-diphosphate: the role of F-1,6-P modulation in normal erythrocyte metabolism. AB - A child with chronic hemolytic anemia since birth was found to have erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PK) in a highly unusual form relative to other mutant isozymes when characterized by International Committee for Standardization in Hematology criteria. Most properties of the partially purified isozyme (designated PK Greenville) were altered minimally, if at all, except for nearly total insensitivity to allosteric activation by fructose-1,6-diphosphate (F-1,6-P). One parent appeared to be heterozygous for a null gene and the other for an allele governing production of the mutant isozyme. Apparent restriction of the molecular defect to ineffective activation kinetics suggests that the F-1,6-P binding site on erythrocyte PK is functionally as well as physically allosteric. The magnitude of the metabolic block at the PK step and the clinical severity indicate that allosteric modulation by F-1,6-P is a crucial property of PK in normal erythrocyte metabolism. PMID- 6626749 TI - Estrogen receptor analysis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Estrogen receptor (ER) determinations were performed on cytosol preparations of Ficoll-Hypaque density separated mononuclear cells from 11 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The presence of ER was noted in 8 of 11 specimens (73%). ER ranged from 431 fmole/mg to 4.3 fmole/mg cytosol protein. Two types of receptor subunits were observed at the 8S and 4S region of the sucrose gradient. In addition, 1 of 3 Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformed B-lymphoblastoid cell lines from healthy donors had a measurable amount of ER. Patient R.L., who was refractory to standard chemotherapy and radiation and was ER positive, experienced a minor response to Tamoxifen therapy, with subsequent loss of ER. The demonstration of ER in CLL suggests that this malignancy may have a hormone dependent subpopulation of cells. PMID- 6626750 TI - Investigation of granulocytopoietic kinetics by microdensitometric evaluation of primary granule naphthol-AS-D-chloroacetate esterase activity. AB - Using a scanning microscope photometer we determined quantitatively the enzymecytochemical reaction product for naphthol-AS-D-chloroacetate esterase in neutrophilic granulocytes and their precursors in man. Evaluation of neutrophilic cells from three healthy donors resulted in a logarithm-normal distribution. After subdivision of these cells in their morphologically defined maturational stages no statistically bimodal distribution was shown within the single cell groups. Myelocytes showed twice the amount of the polymorphonuclear neutrophil absorption values. The highest promyelocyte obsorptions were double the values of the myelocyte absorptions. The standard deviation of the absorbance obtained with promyelocytes (which encompass cells already producing granules up to cells reaching their maximal granule content) was significantly higher than the standard deviation of the myelocytes. As already known, primary granules are only synthesized at the promyelocyte stage and - according to the present knowledge - their chloracylesterase and peroxidase activities are not lost during further maturation. Consequently, our results indicate that only enzyme-rich, late promyelocytes undergo mitosis transforming into myelocytes. Correspondingly, their absorption value was halved. Since the absorbance from myelocytes to polymorphonuclears is again halved, myelocytes divide only once. Metamyelocyte absorptions in part correspond to that of myelocytes. This indicates that no distinction can be made between myelocytes with mitotic capacity and "true" if only the size and the nuclear shape are considered metamyelocytes which are not longer capable of undergoing mitosis. PMID- 6626751 TI - Impaired protein synthesis in leukemic hairy cells induced by splenectomy. AB - A case of hairy-cell leukemia in which protein synthesis by the leukemic hairy cells could be followed-up before and after splenectomy is presented. After splenectomy a remarkable reduction of initially enhanced protein synthesis was found. This observation supports the view that the splenic microenvironment has an important influence on the proliferative activity of hairy cells. PMID- 6626752 TI - Concentration and chemical species of arsenic in human tissue. PMID- 6626753 TI - Levels of organic pollution in coastal lagoons of Tabasco State, Mexico; I: petroleum hydrocarbons. PMID- 6626754 TI - A screening method for detection of aromatic amines in environmental samples based on their methemoglobin formation activities in vitro. PMID- 6626756 TI - Acute toxicity of chlorine and bromine to fathead minnows and bluegills. PMID- 6626755 TI - Effects of 3-methylcholanthrene on the hepatic microsomal enzymes in a teleost, Tilapia aurea. PMID- 6626758 TI - Sandy beach molluscs as possible bioindicators of metal pollution 1. Field survey. PMID- 6626757 TI - Acute toxicity of aminocarb in male rats and inhibition of tissue esterases. PMID- 6626759 TI - Sandy beach molluscs as possible bioindicators of metal pollution 2. Laboratory studies. PMID- 6626761 TI - Effects of selected hydrazines on the early death rates of Enterobacter cloacae. PMID- 6626760 TI - Comparative study of the effects of metals on the settlement of Crassostrea gigas. PMID- 6626762 TI - Detection and characterization of methyl parathion-resistant Chlorella protothecoides. PMID- 6626763 TI - [Physiopathology of sickle cell anemia]. PMID- 6626764 TI - [Spirometric reference values in black females]. AB - The aim of this paper is to give spirometric reference values for black females. Having eliminated those with abnormal hemoglobin, we studied 298 females aged between 10 to 70 years: 15 from bordering countries of the Ivory Coast and the others being Ivorian. That is, they are all from West Africa. It is shown that FVC and FEV1 are reduced in the black population when compared with European whites. Volume and flow values are also lower than those in Ivorian men. Correlations and linear regression equations were calculated between FVC, FEV1 and age, height, and weight. FVC and FEV1 (l BTPS) were found as a function of height H (m) and age A (years) as follows: from 10 to 25 years, FVC = 0.465 H3 + 0.01735 A + 0.58; FEV1 = 0.451 H3 + 0.0035 A + 0.61; from 25 to 70 years, FVC = 0.450 H3 - 0.02002 A + 1.54; FEV1 = 0.309 H3 - 0.02050 A + 1.44. PMID- 6626765 TI - Cardiorespiratory adjustments in chronic sickle cell anemia. AB - During the intercrisis periods, patients homozygous for sickle cell anemia (SS) show clinical symptoms of severe impairment of oxygen transport mechanisms. We have determined respiratory lung function tests, arterial and venous blood gases and cardiocirculatory parameters in 39 SS patients (mean age 22 +/- 5 yr) at distance from any vaso-occlusive crisis or blood transfusion. The patient group was compared to subjects homozygous for HbA (AA) of the same ethnic origin. Determinations were made at rest and after a 5 min mild exercise period. The main alterations in oxygen transport parameters observed in SS patients were: 1) a moderate reduction in vital capacity and maximal ventilation (pure restrictive syndrome), 2) an arterial hypoxemia which worsened the already low oxygen content of blood due to anemia, and 3) a low arterio-venous oxygen saturation difference which is very surprising in anemic patients. The normal oxygen consumption rate was thus insured by a 70% increase of the cardiac output at rest. A particular abnormality found in SS patients was the high Po2 in mixed venous blood. The decreased affinity of blood for oxygen resulting from the polymerization of HbS in the erythrocytes led to an almost normal venous blood unsaturation and thus a decreased release of oxygen from this anemic blood. These results indicate that peripheral blood flow was permanently increased in SS patients. This may be in part at the origin of the arterial hypoxemia induced by an increased pulmonary blood shunting. Sickle cell anemia is more severe than other anemias of comparable intensity as, due to the sickling process, these patients appear to be at the upper limit of physiological compensatory mechanisms usually encountered in chronic anemia. PMID- 6626766 TI - Metabolic and endocrine basis of the growth retardation in sickle cell disease. AB - Preliminary findings related to possible mechanisms causing somato-sexual growth retardation in sickle-cell disease are reported. The studies indicate that important factors are: a) negative nitrogen balance which is attributable to either poor intestinal supply of nitrogen and/or impaired utilization of nitrogen; b) inadequate circulating testosterone and human growth hormone especially during adolescence; c) increased basal metabolic rate, in the presence of normal thyroid function. Further investigation is required to elucidate the relative importance of these factors. PMID- 6626767 TI - One view of the pathogenesis of sickle cell diseases. AB - A single amino acid substitution in the beta chain of hemoglobin (beta 6 glutamic acid leads to valine) is responsible for polymerization of deoxyhemoglobin S, and the sickling of red blood cells containing that hemoglobin. Sickled cells are rigid and inflexible, causing obstruction of small blood vessels, which in turn causes obstruction of small blood vessels, which in turn causes ischemic injury. Organs most frequently damaged include the spleen, bone marrow, liver, and kidney. Sickled cells also have a shortened survival; the hemolytic anemia they produce is responsible for aplastic crises, megaloblastic anemia, ankle ulcers, gallstones and gout. "Sickle cell lung disease" is a serious problem, since distinction between infection and infarction is difficult or impossible, and impaired oxygenation of the blood makes further sickling likely. Since the entire patient, not just his blood, is affected by the disease, treatment must go beyond transfusion and drug administration. Each patient presents a new constellation of problems, and therapy must be individualized if it is to be optimal. PMID- 6626768 TI - [Short papers and abstracts on sickle cell disease. Abidjan, 4-11 February 1983]. PMID- 6626769 TI - [Round table: Epidemiology of sickle cell disease in Central and West Africa]. PMID- 6626770 TI - [Functional respiratory disorders in miners of the Lorraine coal basin at the time of their retirement]. AB - A clinical, radiological (RX) and spirographic examination and a measurement of lung transfer for CO (TCO), following the steady state method, were performed in 655 coal-miners. They had worked for an average of 30 years in the Lorraine coal mines and their mean age was 50 years. Among the non-pneumoconiotics, 20% of non smokers and 35% of smokers displayed ventilatory obstructive disturbances. In miners with simple pneumoconiosis, this percentage rose to 29 and 52.5% respectively. Abnormally low values of TCO were observed in 6% of non-smokers and in 22% of smokers without pneumoconiosis, while this was 35 and 41% respectively in pneumoconiotic workers. Finally, by using spirography and TCO simultaneously, we found respiratory troubles in at least 63% of pneumoconiotic miners and in 43% of those without such disturbances. PMID- 6626772 TI - Societas Europaea Physiologiae Clinicae Respiratoriae, Lung Function in Epidemiology Working Group: Comparison of "sensitive" and conventional lung function tests. Sonderborg, Denmark, April 21-22, 1983. PMID- 6626773 TI - Societas Europaea Physiologiae Clinicae Respiratoriae, Lung Mechanics Working Group: The mechanical limits of ventilation. Sonderborg, Denmark, April 22-23, 1983. PMID- 6626774 TI - Stochastic methods in the life sciences: general aspects and specific models. PMID- 6626771 TI - [Common respiratory infections and peripheral airway obstruction]. PMID- 6626775 TI - Stochastic models for cell kinetics. PMID- 6626776 TI - Recent views on the cell cycle structure. PMID- 6626777 TI - Controlled branching processes and their applications to normal and malignant haematopoiesis. PMID- 6626778 TI - Continuous-time Markov chains as models for animal behaviour. PMID- 6626779 TI - Tinnitus pitch: a comparison of three measurement methods. AB - The most prominent pitch of tinnitus was measured in 10 subjects with sensorineural tinnitus. The pitch was determined with three different psychophysical procedures in the ear ipsilateral to the tinnitus; an Adaptive Method (Bracketing), a Method of Limits (ascending and descending), and the Method of Adjustment. Each procedure involved equating the pitch of a pure tone to the most prominent tinnitus pitch, and was repeated seven times on each subject. Although there was no statistically significant difference for the means and standard deviations among the different methods for the group data, there were some large differences in a few individuals. Many of the subjects produced pitch matches that covered a range of 1 octave, whereas others showed better consistency. The Method of Limits took longer to perform and resulted in more octave confusions than the other two methods. The Adaptive Method was also repeated five times for each subject in the ear contralateral to the tinnitus. Two subjects produced a tinnitus pitch match that was over 1/2 octave lower in the contralateral ear. We recommend that tinnitus pitch be measured in the ipsilateral ear with either the Method of Adjustment or the Adaptive Method. Because some patients are unreliable in their pitch matching we suggest repeating the match seven to nine times. PMID- 6626781 TI - British Society of Audiology short papers meeting on experimental studies of hearing and deafness, University of Keele, 21-22 March 1983. Abstracts. PMID- 6626782 TI - Otitis media has a deleterious effect on linguistic and on academic attainment. PMID- 6626780 TI - Standardisation in evoked response measurements. PMID- 6626783 TI - Incorporation of parental suspicions in screening infants' hearing. AB - In 1978, in the course of a trial, health visitors in the North and South Nottingham Health Districts asked parents on two occasions 'Do you think your child is hearing normally?'. In that and the following year there was an abrupt increase in referrals of children under one year of age suspected of hearing impairments, which was not observed in the other Health Districts of the Nottinghamshire AHA. There was also an increase in the number of children under one year who were confirmed as having impaired hearing or needing surveillance. It is concluded that the active questioning by health visitors beneficially increased the number of referrals of deaf and other problem children. PMID- 6626784 TI - The effects of high pass filtered speech on speech discrimination. AB - This study was designed to determine the intelligibility of speech at two intensity levels using two different conditions (broad band and high pass filtered speech) and to determine the vowels and consonants most affected by the conditions imposed. The ten subjects were all stimulated with 50 words of the CID W-22 series at two levels of intensity (30 db SL and 15 dB SL) each in the filtered and broad-band (unfiltered) conditions. The results tended to indicate that the type of condition (filtered or unfiltered) did not affect the speech comprehension until the intensity of the filtered signal approached 15 dB SL. It was also determined that consonants and vowels identification were only slightly affected by filtering if the intensity of the signal is above 15 dB SL. PMID- 6626785 TI - An evaluation of high-frequency audiometry suitable for routine clinical use. AB - The evaluation of high-frequency thresholds above 8 kHz has not always been accepted as a reliable, reproducible measure in routine audiological clinics. Using standard equipment we have shown that thresholds at 10 kHz and 12 kHz can be so measured, and that 16 kHz thresholds may be determined with the same degree of reliability with only the minor addition of a signal generator and a set of high performance earphones. PMID- 6626786 TI - Audiometric zero for air conduction using manual audiometry. AB - Thresholds of hearing of 76 subjects in the age range 18-24 years were measured using manual audiometers. Particular attention was paid to the otological selection of subjects. In spite of precautions the testers introduce some variation in results, and it is suggested that tester variation might account for differences between various manual audiometry studies and automatic audiometry studies. When tester variation is included there is no significant difference between results of this manual study and that undertaken with automatic audiometers by Robinson, Shipton, and Hinchcliffe, except that our average threshold is higher at 0.5 kHz. We support their main recommendation for adjustment of standards at 0.5 and 6 kHz. PMID- 6626787 TI - Summarizing pure tone audiograms: an extension of Bamford et al. (1980). AB - This paper extends the findings of a previous report (Bamford et al., 1980) which described a principal components analysis of pure tone audiometric data. Using a similar approach to the analysis of a large number of pure tone audiograms, the present study confirms the previous work. By far the greater part of the the audiogram variance could be ascribed to two components, one associated with the degree of, and the other with the slope of, the hearing loss. Further, it is shown that the proportions of the variance attributed to the two components change in a meaningful way according to the type of hearing loss: middle-ear, inner-ear, and mixed. PMID- 6626788 TI - Electrocochleography and the glycerol dehydration test: a case study. AB - The electrocochleographic changes which occurred during glycerol dehydration in an ear affected by endolymphatic hydrops due to Meniere's disease are discussed. This single case study is reported because the recordings were large and stable, and because they clearly showed the electrocochleographic abnormality associated with endolymphatic hydrops; namely, a large summating potential (SP) in relation to the action potential (AP). After dehydration a dramatic improvement occurred in both the pure tone and speech audiogram. The electrocochleogram showed a decrease in the SP amplitude and little change in the AP amplitude so that the SP/AP waveform became almost normal. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 6626789 TI - Differential effects of induced mood on the recall of positive, negative and neutral words. AB - Previous investigations have consistently found differential effects of induced moods on the accessibility of personal memories differing in hedonic tone. Findings for effects of retrieval mood on recall of verbal material have been less consistent. This study examined the effect of induced mood on the recall of previously learned personality trait words. Trait words were presented in normal mood and recall tested in elated or depressed mood. More positive words were recalled in elated than in depressed mood. Conversely, more negative words were recalled in depressed than in elated mood. There was no effect of mood on the recall of neutral words. Subjects in whom the mood induction procedures had failed to affect mood substantially did not show differential word recall. Differential effects of retrieval mood on recall of verbal material can be shown, but the nature of the material may be important. It may be necessary for the material to have been differentially associated with mood states in the subjects's life experience. This suggestion is discussed within Bower's (1981) associative network theory of mood and memory, and the implications for models of depression are considered. PMID- 6626790 TI - Negative self-schemata in clinical depression. AB - Predictions from a negative self-schema model of depression were tested using decision speed and recall measures for self and other person-referent positive and negative adjectives. Clinical depressives, compared to non-psychiatric controls, recalled more negative than positive self-referent adjectives, although there were no differences between groups in decision speed. Depressives' negative bias in recall applied only to the self-referent conditions; in the other referent conditions they exhibited the normal tendency towards positive recall bias. The self-referent recall bias in depressives did not relate significantly to either duration or intensity of depression. The results appear to be consistent with expectations derived from a negative self-schema model of depression, but alternative explanations remain to be investigated. PMID- 6626791 TI - Why do we assess the aged? AB - The relevance of assessment to the psychological management of elderly patients is outlined. Issues raised by Kendrick (1982) and Rabbitt (1982) are discussed in this context. PMID- 6626792 TI - The effect of memory impairment on verbal recognition scores and the marking of acoustic and semantic distractors. AB - A test of verbal recognition, yielding separate scores for semantic and acoustic distractor errors as well as a simple recognition score, successfully discriminated between various groups of brain-damaged, depressive, and normal subjects in a sequence predictable from their pathology. However, the profile of distractor errors was similar for all groups tested, with a consistent tendency for subjects to make more semantic errors than acoustic errors in all cases. It was concluded that the failure to find qualitative coding differences was probably a consequence of the procedure used and did not necessarily contradict previous findings that amnesics were less effective than normal subjects in coding semantically. PMID- 6626793 TI - A psychometric investigation of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Questionnaire. AB - The validity of the alternate forms of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scale and the underlying dimensionality of the three test scales were investigated using 70 male and 77 female British university students. A classical item analysis, principal component and image component factor analysis were undertaken. The results indicated that the alternate forms could be considered parallel. However, a sex difference appeared in the factor structure of the test such that the male sample yielded only two factors while the female sample yielded the three scale factors as expected. PMID- 6626794 TI - Measuring consistency with the Grid Test. AB - It is argued that the Consistency score derived from the Grid Test of Schizophrenic Thought Disorder is not the most sensitive index of stability between the identical grid forms in identifying the pattern of relations between constructs. The SASD score is proposed as an alternative to the Consistency score. The present study indicates that the SASD score is a more valid measure of the stability between the identical grid forms. PMID- 6626795 TI - Stimulus integration in schizophrenia. AB - Twenty-four chronic institutionalized schizophrenics and 11 acute non institutionalized schizophrenics were compared with 20 controls (matched for age, sex and socio-economic status) on a task normally eliciting stimulus integration (Garner, 1974). The subjects had to classify the widths of a sequence of rectangles into one of four categories while ignoring their height. Each response was timed. Although all the patients performed the task more slowly than their appropriate control group, the results showed that schizophrenic patients integrated these simple stimuli just as do normal subjects. Thus failure of simple stimulus integration is not a feature of schizophrenia. PMID- 6626796 TI - Mea culpa? A study of the relationships among personality traits, life-events and ascribed accident causation. AB - On the basis of their own reports, accident victims attending a casualty department were independently assigned either to a causal group (n = 25), i.e. apparently culpable in causing their accident, or a non-causal group (n = 25). Comparisons were made between these two groups of patients on: (1) sociodemographic characteristics; (2) locus of control; (3) recent life-events; and (4) cognitive failures. The groups differed only in their tendency to perceive locus of control as being internal (causal group) or external (non causal group). PMID- 6626797 TI - Use study of Excerpta Medica abstract journals: to drop or not to drop? AB - The directors of the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, a medium-sized library serving the University of Virginia medical and nursing schools, were concerned over the increasing cost of periodical subscriptions and so studied the use of the printed copy of Excerpta Medica. This study had six parts: (1) availability in other campus libraries; (2) staff perceptions of in-library use; (3) results of studies performed by other libraries in the United States; (4) recorded in library use; (5) users' opinions; and (6) personal interviews with library users and with selected departments tht corresponded with the forty-four subject areas of Excerpta Medica. The user-survey parts (4 and 5) elicited few responses, but personal interviews allowed a good look at levels of use and interest. The overall results convinced staff to drop some sections and publicize those that remained. PMID- 6626798 TI - Patient education and health outcomes: implications for library service. AB - Many librarians take an active role in patient education, for practical and ethical reasons; however, it is important to examine the effect of such activities on health outcomes. Although the rationale for patient education is that increased knowledge leads to a change in attitude that in turn affects behavior, studies have shown that this is not always true. Furthermore, other studies have shown that patient education programs by themselves have no lasting influence on patient compliance with therapy that has been linked to improved health. Librarians should examine a variety of reasons for their involvement in patient education activities. For librarians who accept improved patient compliance as a goal, specific recommendations based on literature review are made to help implement effective strategies. PMID- 6626799 TI - Development of a state-wide health sciences information network: a cooperative effort. AB - A cooperative effort by a regional medical library (RML) program, a college of human medicine, a university library system, and numerous individual health care institutions to develop a network for the delivery of health sciences information within the state of Wyoming is described. This development consisted of four phases: collection building, training of library managers, consortia formation, and establishment of a state-based network management mechanism. Significant characteristics of the project include the high level of cooperation exerted by many different agencies and institutions, the participation by all acute-care institutions within the state, the initial large expenditure of funds to build resources within individual institutions, and the system development approach to the delivery of RML services that this project represents. PMID- 6626800 TI - A leap forward in medical librarianship: a glimpse of the Biomedical Information Center and Network, People's Republic of China. AB - Working with the World Health Organization, the People's Republic of China has taken a giant leap toward modernization of its medical libraries and information centers. The Biomedical Information Center and Network Project is helping to develop professional training programs, resources, new facilities, and a resource sharing and document delivery network among Chinese medical libraries. The development of MEDLARS-like data base in the network is a final goal of the project. These changes will have a significant effect on future medical librarianship in China. PMID- 6626801 TI - High technology in health sciences libraries. PMID- 6626802 TI - The library and its home computer: automation as if people mattered. AB - To provide its users with quick and easy access to the library resources, the Muriel and Philip Berman National Medical Library, Jerusalem, between 1978 and 1982 developed an integrated library system (MAIMON) on a minicomputer. Because humans are the most important element of the library system, MAIMON's performance was evaluated in terms of benefits provided to patrons, library management, and library staff. After successfully adopting the system, users' needs and expectations have grown. How the existing system will be used and expanded to meet the new information demands at the library is discussed. PMID- 6626803 TI - Integrated systems: from library to campus and beyond. AB - Integrated library systems have not yet been created, although they have been emphasized for nearly two decades. Now and in the future, the task is even more complex because the principal issue is access to information itself, wherever it is located and in whatever form it may exist. The goal becomes more feasible because of changes in library practices achieved with technological innovation. Although individual elements of a campus-wide information system may already exist, the details for implementation are yet to be articulated. PMID- 6626804 TI - Journal analytics enhance the catalog. PMID- 6626805 TI - The Valley Medical Network uses Guidelines to produce union list of serials. PMID- 6626807 TI - The problems of Aedes aegypti control in the Americas. PMID- 6626806 TI - Dengue hemorrhagic fever in Cuba, 1981: rapid diagnosis of the etiologic agent. PMID- 6626808 TI - International sources of financial cooperation for health in developing countries. PMID- 6626809 TI - The cigarette-smoking habit among preuniversity students in Havana, Cuba, in 1980. PMID- 6626810 TI - Morbidity and mortality patterns among pediatric patients in Dominica (West Indies). PMID- 6626811 TI - Use of solar energy at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Bridgetown, Barbados. PMID- 6626813 TI - World Health Day, 1983: Health for all by the year 2000: the countdown has begun. PMID- 6626812 TI - Psychological alterations in children exposed to a lead-rich home environment. PMID- 6626814 TI - Your accounts. Current topics. PMID- 6626815 TI - One view. Who witholds? PMID- 6626817 TI - Investigation of hypertension. PMID- 6626818 TI - Total reconstruction of the burned face. The Bradshaw Lecture 1958. PMID- 6626816 TI - Medicine and the media. Rewarding science. PMID- 6626819 TI - Mediastinal cutaneous fistulae arising as a complication of major cardiac surgery: the value of sinography and injection of methylene blue in their radical excision and immediate repair. AB - The management of chronic sternal wound infections is a difficult problem. Fistulography can be extremely useful in defining the extent of the infection. Staining the fistula with methylene blue aids the surgeon in the operative dissection and removal of infected material. A technique of reconstruction is described using an omental flap to fill in the retrosternal space and partially de-epithelialised pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps to cover the sternum. PMID- 6626820 TI - The anatomical vascular basis of the axillary fascio-cutaneous pedicled flap. AB - The reliability of the axillary fascio-cutaneous flap recently described in this Journal was attributed to the presence of vessels in a fascial plexus. This paper describes the findings in anatomical studies of the vasculature in this region and highlights an important directional component in the fascial plexus at this site. Comparisons are made with other regions of the posterior trunk and the implications for pedicled fascio-cutaneous flaps elsewhere are discussed. PMID- 6626821 TI - The antecubital fascio-cutaneous flap. AB - A clinical case is reported in which a fascio-cutaneous forearm pedicled flap was used. The flap was based on the previously described inferior cubital artery. Anatomical studies suggested that this vessel could be the basis for a fascio cutaneous free flap possessing an exceptionally long vascular pedicle. This flap is described and its implications discussed in relation to the radial forearm (Chinese) flap. PMID- 6626822 TI - Incidence of the Robin Anomalad (Pierre Robin syndrome). AB - Reliable estimates of the incidence of the Robin Anomalad (Pierre Robin Syndrome) are not readily available in standard texts. An analysis of admissions to the Mersey Regional Cleft Palate Unit (Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool and the Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital, Heswall) over a 23-year period suggests an incidence of 1:8500 live births. PMID- 6626823 TI - An unusual "bilateral" cleft of the lip. AB - A case is presented of a male infant who at first sight appeared to have an atypical bilateral cleft, but who, on close examination, was found to have had his initial unilateral cleft lip further cleft by a secondary and later phenomenon. PMID- 6626824 TI - Secondary correction of the unilateral cleft lip nose deformity. AB - The reverse U operation of Tajima together with a few small modifications is described. Good results have been achieved in adults and reasons are given for the proposed use of the same technique in children of pre-school age. PMID- 6626825 TI - Q-switched Ruby laser treatment of black tattoos. AB - The use of a Q-switched pulsed Ruby laser was studied in removing tattoos. The results were very satisfactory, but there are several major disadvantages which at present would probably preclude the use of this therapy on a routine basis. PMID- 6626827 TI - Evaluation of the patency of microvenous anastomoses by phlebography after intramedullary injection of contrast material. AB - Some form of objective evaluation of the quality of a microvenous anastomosis is a necessity in microsurgical training. An indirect technique of visualising the venous system of the hind leg of the rat to assess anastomoses of the common femoral vein is described. We have used this technique of intramedullary injection on 25 occasions and the results are presented. The technique does not involve the sacrifice of the experimental animal and this is a real advantage in an experimental microvascular laboratory. PMID- 6626826 TI - Effect of naftidrofuryl oxalate (Praxilene) on blood flow in the experimental saphenous flap model. AB - Intravenous administration of naftidrofuryl oxalate (Praxilene) in the dog has shown a significant increase in blood flow into an experimental saphenous flap model (64% p less than 0.05). Further study is needed to show whether a similar increase in blood flow could be produced in an ischaemic flap. PMID- 6626828 TI - The injured ear: a review of 50 cases. AB - In a retrospective review of 50 patients with wounds of the ear, simple closure was found preferable to flap repair as a method of primary treatment. Replantation of the partially or totally amputated ear as a composite graft was singularly unsuccessful in this series. PMID- 6626829 TI - Closure of a defect of the femur with a compound free forearm transfer including both the radius and the ulna. AB - We report our experience of a patient with a most unusual and unfortunate combination of injuries. We feel that this case demonstrates not only the value of vascularised bone grafts in the treatment of large defects but also the imaginative use of seemingly useless parts in surgical reconstruction. PMID- 6626830 TI - One-stage flap repair with vascularised tendon grafts in a dorsal hand injury using the "Chinese" forearm flap. AB - A one-stage flap repair is described for complicated dorsal injuries of the hand involving loss of skin and tendon based on the principle of the "Chinese" radial artery forearm flap in which vascularised tendons are transferred to reconstruct the missing extensor tendons. PMID- 6626831 TI - Latissimus dorsi myocutaneous free flap vascularised by an extra-anatomic graft in the lower limb following traumatic disruption of the popliteal artery. AB - A case is presented in which the thoracodorsal artery of a latissimus dorsi free flap was anastomosed to an autogenous reverse saphenous bypass graft. The bypass graft was used to revascularise a leg with traumatic disruption of the popliteal artery and an open comminuted fracture of the distal tibia and fibula with extensive soft tissue loss. At 2-year follow up, isotope scans showed patency of the extra-anatomic graft and a good flow into the thoracodorsal artery. PMID- 6626832 TI - The alar cartilage morseler: a new instrument. PMID- 6626833 TI - A reversed-dermis Tagliacotian flap in the reconstruction of a badly burned nose. AB - A reversed-dermis Tagliacotian type of flap was used to resurface and reconstruct the nose in a boy with very extensive burns in whom there was very little "normal" skin available. It was possible to divide the flap and inset it on the sixth day. The result, after 1 year follow-up, was gratifying to both the patient and the surgeon. PMID- 6626834 TI - The adaptation of the "crane principle" to vascularise a free lipo-dermal graft. AB - This paper describes the use of the "crane principle" to vascularise a free lipo dermal graft in the correction of a complicated post-burn contour defect of the forehead. PMID- 6626835 TI - Reconstruction of the floor of the orbit following subtotal maxillectomy by transposition of the septal wall as a local flap. AB - The use of the septal wall for restoring defects of the orbital floor following subtotal maxillectomy is described. In our experience this method provides: A viable, easily adaptable, mainly bony wall (perpendicular plate and vomer) that allows the surgeon to adjust the displaced eyeball. The possibility of re adjustment of a secondarily sunken eyeball, with loss of binocular vision, by means of a Silastic implant, the transposed septal wall offering sufficient resistance. A substantial contribution to the hygiene of the resection cavity by introducing an actively secreting mucous membrane as part of the lining. In addition a modification of the Fergusson-Weber incision is described. PMID- 6626836 TI - Mammaplasty: a technique of comprehensive correction of the ptotic breast. AB - Ptosis of the breast and the optimum position of the nipple in the non-ptotic breast have been defined. A descent of the infra-mammary fold in ptosis is demonstrated: the concept of the nipple infra-mammary distance is introduced and the optimum values are defined. The principle of relocating the infra-mammary fold in any form of mammaplasty where the nipple is elevated is introduced together with a precise method for defining the new level of the infra-mammary fold in relation to the proposed size of the reconstructed breast. Emphasis is placed on the aesthetic significance of avoiding inter- and extra-mammary scarring. PMID- 6626837 TI - Paraffinoma of the male breast: a case report. AB - A case of paraffinoma of the male breast is reported following injections of paraffin in a male transexual. PMID- 6626838 TI - A simple device to encourage the unwilling child to wear a pressure garment. AB - This brief report describes how, with commendable psychological insight, the father of a child recently treated in our burns unit adopted a very simple device to encourage his youngster to wear a pressure garment to deal with hypertrophic scarring. PMID- 6626839 TI - Mood change following bilateral hemisphere brain injury. AB - Fifteen patients with bilateral hemisphere brain injury secondary to thromboembolic stroke or trauma were evaluated for depression, cognitive impairment, and functional physical impairment. Analysis of CT scans and standardized mood scales revealed that patients with left anterior brain injury were significantly more depressed than patients without such injury. Depression severity was directly and significantly correlated with left lesion proximity to the frontal pole. Left lesion age, lesion temporal sequence, right lesion location, cognitive impairment, and functional physical impairment did not significantly correlate with depression. Depressive symptomatology previously shown to be associated with single left frontal lobe lesions appeared to dominate post-brain injury psychopathology regardless of location or temporal sequence of other brain lesions. PMID- 6626840 TI - Hypertension, multi-infarct dementia and Alzheimer's disease. AB - Retrospective review of 89 patients with pre-senile dementia followed by necropsy indicated significant differences between sub types of dementia. Patients with multi-infarct dementia (MID, 27 subjects) more often had cardiovascular abnormalities than patients with Alzheimer's disease (46 subjects). No patients with MID alone had a systolic blood pressure below 140 mm Hg, whereas 23 of 46 Alzheimer subjects and three of 16 patients with mixed features had such a systolic pressure. PMID- 6626841 TI - Dexamethasone suppression test and serum prolactin in dementia disorders. AB - The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was performed on 21 patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT), 11 patients with multi-infarct dementia (MI) and 14 healthy controls. Twelve of the DAT patients and eight of the MI patients showed abnormal lack of suppression, compared with just one member of the control group. Abnormal DST was related to dementia as such and not to age or depression, or to levels of CSF monoamine metabolites. Basal serum prolactin concentrations were not increased. PMID- 6626842 TI - Management and outcome in anorexia nervosa. A standardized prognostic study. AB - The outcome of 78 patients with anorexia nervosa treated in a special clinic is described, using a standardized follow-up technique. The findings are compared with two previous studies which utilized an identical evaluation procedure. Certain predictors of poor outcome already identified by previous studies (long duration of illness before referral, previous personality problems, difficulties in relationship between family and patient) are confirmed. The findings suggest that early intervention may be an important component of effective treatment. The possible advantages of long term continuity of outpatient care are also discussed and the need for careful scrutiny of criteria for hospital admission emphasized. It is concluded that chronic morbidity due to anorexia nervosa represents an important topic for further research. There is need for further identification of factors associated with chronicity, some of which may be secondary repercussions of the illness itself, and prospective evaluation of treatment programmes which focus on predictors of poor outcome. PMID- 6626843 TI - Cognitive vulnerability to auditory hallucination. Preferred imagery mode and spatial location of sounds. AB - Goldstone and Sarbin proposed that auditory hallucinations occur because imagery in a non-preferred sensory mode is more easily misinterpreted as having an external origin. This led to the hypothesis that auditory hallucinators would show less preference for auditory than for visual imagery. Our results suggest that this is true. We also compared the vividness of internally-generated auditory imagery with that of visual imagery, independently of preference, to see whether vividness was impaired in the nonpreferred mode in hallucinators. The evidence suggested that this was not the case, but we did find a significantly deficient capacity for creating vivid images of either kind in process patients (i.e. those with poor premorbid status) compared with reactive (good premorbid) patients, regardless of any history of hallucinations. The withdrawal of external attention which characterizes process patients might also be expected to impair their ability to confirm or disconfirm the external origin of an auditory stimulus. We predicted therefore that process hallucinators would be particularly incompetent in spatial location of sounds: our experimental results confirmed this to be the case. PMID- 6626844 TI - Alcohol and old people. PMID- 6626845 TI - Concomitant administration of mianserin and warfarin. PMID- 6626846 TI - Koro epidemic in Assam. PMID- 6626847 TI - Father-son resemblances in aggressive and antisocial behavior. PMID- 6626848 TI - Plasma and red cell lithium in affective disorders. PMID- 6626849 TI - Severe depression: a patient's thoughts. AB - A research neuroscientist in his fifties, who has recovered from endogenous depression after several years, describes the experience and makes some comments on treatment and management. He found electroconvulsive therapy, mianserin, lithium carbonate and diazepam acceptable. He considers that occupational therapy and conventional psychotherapy were counter-therapeutic. He stresses how physically ill he felt when depressed, and compares this with prolonged influenza. He hypothesizes that the underlying psychological disorder in endogenous depression is the learned extinction of optimistic thoughts, and suggests that any psychotherapy used should be aimed at restoring these. PMID- 6626850 TI - "Wind illness' or somatic depression? A case study in psychiatric anthropology. AB - A 46-year-old mother with a history of chronic headaches and other symptoms, and a clinical diagnosis (in Western terms) of depression, ascribed her condition to non-observance of Chinese postpartum ritual. The characteristic features of "wind illness' are described. Western medicine proved useless but acupuncture was beneficial. The case underlines the importance of understanding the patient's own view of his/her illness and its causes in arriving at a correct diagnosis and intervening effectively: this is particularly true when the gap between the doctor's and the patient's cultures is wide. The value of the distinction between the disease (the pathological process, which may be universal) and an episode of illness (the personal and cultural construction of disease) is emphasized. PMID- 6626851 TI - Long-term prophylactic effects of carbamazepine in affective disorder. AB - The prophylactic effects of carbamazepine (CBZP) were studied in 32 patients with affective disorder who were receiving long-term therapy with CBZP. Complete inhibition of both manic and depressive episodes was observed in four cases, reduced incidence of episodes or decreased intensity of symptoms in twenty, and no change in eight. CBZP was significantly more effective in cases with an onset before the age of 20, and subjects showing a continuous pattern of alternating episodes responded better than those with a more intermittent history of mania and depression. Where CBZP had an effect it was generally apparent soon after therapy started. These results suggest that in some cases CBZP is an agent suitable for long-term continuous prophylactic therapy in manic-depressive disorder. PMID- 6626852 TI - Cavernosal alpha-blockade: a new technique for investigating and treating erectile impotence. AB - Intravacernosal injection of phenoxybenzamine, in a dose too small to have significant general effects, caused full erection lasting between half an hour and 30 hours in 30 of 4 potent men (2 normal, 2 anorgasmic) and in 6 of 11 impotent men. In the remaining potent man and 3 of the remaining eleven impotent men have had sexual intercourse, for the first time for months or years, while under the drug. The practical implications of this new discovery are discussed. PMID- 6626853 TI - Pharmacological treatment of agoraphobia: imipramine versus imipramine with programmed practice. AB - Eighteen agoraphobic patients with randomly assigned to 12 week treatment with imipramine (I) or imipramine and programmed in-vivo exposure practice (I+BT) to investigate the contribution of behavioural instructions to the clinical effects of pharmacotherapy. Significantly greater improvement on phobic measures was found in the I+BT group compared to the I group. Differences were less marked on measures of panic and anxiety. The results suggest that imipramine possesses an antiphobic effect which can be substantially enhanced with programmed practice. Controlled large-scale investigations of the pharmacological and instructional effects of the phamacotherapy of agoraphobia are needed for a definitive evaluation of the specific antiphobic effect of antidepressant drugs. PMID- 6626854 TI - A comparison of subliminal, supraliminal and faded phobic cine-films in the treatment of agoraphobia. AB - Thirty-two agoraphobic patients were randomly allocated to four groups and treated by repeated exposure to cine-films at twice weekly intervals for three weeks. Three of the groups saw the same cine-film, comprising a range of agoraphobic scenes, and a control group saw a potter working on his wheel. The three groups seeing the phobic cine-film included one who viewed it at an illumination level below the visual threshold (subliminal group), one seeing it under normal conditions (supraliminal group) and one which underwent graduated exposure from subliminal to supraliminal viewing levels as the study proceeded (faded group). The faded group showed significantly greater improvement than the control and supraliminal groups and this improvement was maintained over twelve weeks. PMID- 6626855 TI - A survey of the criminal careers of hospital order patients. AB - All men receiving hospital orders (Section 60) in the UK in the year 1963-64 (excluding those receiving restriction orders (Section 60/65)) were followed up over 15 years with regard to (1) subsequent offences and convictions, (2) hospital admissions, and (3) death. Nine per cent of the patients involved could not be traced. Sixteen per cent had died by 1978, a quarter of them by suicide. Of the mentally ill only 4 per cent subsequently committed serious offences (manslaughter, wounding, GBH, robbery, rape or arson), although a further 4 per cent committed assaults repeatedly. Sex crimes were uncommon. Among the mentally subnormal, 7 per cent committed serious sex crimes subsequent to committal. A further 9 per cent were considered to be persistent sex offenders and another 9 per cent were judged to be persistently violent. In general the mentally subnormal were much younger and were detained for much longer than the mentally ill. Since 1964 the use of hospital orders for the detention of such people has become much less frequent. The best predictor of subsequent offences was found by multiple regression analysis to be the number of previous offences: this was especially true for acquisitive offences committed by the young. The mentally ill were less often reconvicted than the mentally subnormal. PMID- 6626856 TI - A survey of the criminal careers of restriction order patients. AB - The offenders committed to local hospitals in 1962 and 1964 under a hospital order with restriction of discharge were followed up for 15 years with regard to subsequent court appearances, hospital admissions, and death. One hundred and forty-six were traced. Of these, 49 per cent had been diagnosed as mentally ill: most of this group were committed for violent offences. Thirty-five per cent were mentally subnormal: they were frequently committed for sexual offences, arson and property offences. Twelve per cent were diagnosed psychopathic: this group had a wide variety of committal offences. Fourteen per cent of the mentally ill and 17 per cent of the mentally subnormal were still in hospital after 15 years, but 51 per cent of the mentally ill and 36 per cent of the psychopaths were released within two years. Few of the subsequent offences were serious in any of the diagnostic groups. Since 1973 there has been a dramatic fall in restriction orders, especially for mentally subnormal patients. PMID- 6626857 TI - The sexual adjustment of chronic schizophrenics: a preliminary study. AB - A comparison of a group of chronic schizophrenics with controls showed that: the patients had significantly less interest in sex, frequency of intercourse, and satisfaction from sex; the percentage of individuals with sexual dreams and sexual fantasies did not differ between the two groups; the severity of psychopathology influenced frequency of intercourse and satisfaction from sex, and the length of institutionalization influenced interest in sex; the schizophrenics had a variety of sexual disorders, but there was a significant difference between the sexes in disturbances of thought and perception; and, significantly more male schizophrenics, in comparison with females, had sexual dysfunction associated with pharmacotherapy, but feminization in the males was far from predominant. The patients' sexual disorders are not disturbing to the social life of the open mental hospital or the community surrounding it. PMID- 6626858 TI - The interaction of seasonality, place of birth, genetic risk and subsequent schizophrenia in a high risk sample. AB - Birth occurring in winter months, which are high viral infection months, have been repeatedly shown to produce a slight excess of later-diagnosed schizophrenics. As a result, some researchers have speculated on the possible aetiological effect of viral infections on some forms of schizophrenia. The implications of the viral hypothesis were indirectly tested in the context of an ongoing prospective study of Danish children at high-risk (HR) for schizophrenia. A third-order analysis of variance interaction was hypothesized. Genetically vulnerable individuals, born in winter, in an urban environment (which increases the likelihood of the presence and transmission of viruses) would be more likely, as foetuses or neonates, to have suffered some CNS damage due to the infection; thus they would show higher rates of schizophrenia in the HR-urban-winter birth condition reached 23.3 per cent, considerably above population base rates (1 per cent) or rates for the HR subjects (8.9 per cent). Alternative explanations for the results were explored. PMID- 6626859 TI - Risk factors in schizophrenia: season birth in Maryland, USA. AB - The association between the risk for schizophrenia and season of birth was studied using a standard actuarial life table method. This method of analysis eliminates the possibility of the previously described statistical artifacts from the data. An increased risk for schizophrenia for winter born individuals was demonstrated. The analysis also supported the hypothesis that season of birth is associated with an increased risk for a subtype of schizophrenia. PMID- 6626860 TI - The aetiological importance of stressful life events. AB - Despite a large research effort, there is still some doubt whether life events can increase the rate of psychiatric morbidity. It is argued that this doubt arises from a confusion between measures of goodness of fit and measures of causal importance. The distinction between these types of measures is discussed. Epidemiological studies of life events and psychiatric cases are reviewed. It is argued that, in general, 32 per cent of psychiatric cases can be attributed to stressful life events. Within female samples, approximately 41 per cent of psychiatric cases can be attributed to life events. It is suggested that the effect of specific types of events on specific psychiatric disorders may be of even greater importance. PMID- 6626862 TI - Corpus callosum dysfunction in schizophrenia. PMID- 6626861 TI - The use of ECT for mania in childhood bipolar disorder. AB - A case of childhood bipolar disorder, manic type, is presented in which electroconvulsive therapy was used for the acute manic episode. The pharmacological complications which led to this choice of treatment and the computerized tomography finding of ventricular enlargement, are discussed. PMID- 6626863 TI - Rate of depression in the puerperium. PMID- 6626864 TI - Anti-cholinergic drugs and memory. PMID- 6626865 TI - One year follow-up of tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 6626866 TI - Learned helplessness: the role of individual differences in learned resourcefulness. AB - The term 'learned resourcefulness' refers to an acquired repertoire of behaviours and skills by which a person self-regulates internal events (such as emotions, pain, and cognitions) that interfere with the smooth execution of a target behaviour. Sixty undergraduate students were rated as either high resourceful (HR) or low resourceful (LR) according to their scores on Rosenbaum's Self Control Schedule. Subjects were then pre-treated with inescapable, escapable or control aversive tone followed by anagram solution testing. As hypothesized the learned helplessness phenomenon, the interference with new learning following inescapable aversive events, appeared only in LR subjects and not in HR subjects. No relationship was found between subjects' causal attributions for their performance on the noise task and their subsequent performance on the anagrams as would be predicted from the attributional part of the recent reformulation of the learned helplessness model. It was concluded that subjects' general repertoire of self-control skills, and their general expectations for self-efficacy, might be at least as important in explaining the generalization of helplessness from the training task to the test task as the kinds of causal attributions subjects make for their performance on the training task. PMID- 6626867 TI - Report of a visit to Professor J. Papillon, centre Leon Berard, Lyon, France. May 10-19 1983. PMID- 6626868 TI - Neonatal intracranial haemorrhage: the cause of the ultrasound appearances. AB - We report experimental studies showing the relationship of the reflectivity of blood clot to both the red cell mass and the fibrin mesh. The highest amplitude echoes are returned by the fibrin mesh. These studies are compared with clinical examples of the different types of neonatal intracranial haemorrhage, as demonstrated by ultrasound. We conclude that the typical high-amplitude echoes characteristic of intracerebral haemorrhage are primarily due to the amount of fibrin mesh present, and not to the intact red cell mass, as has been previously suggested. PMID- 6626869 TI - Ultrasonography of hepatic cavernous haemangiomas. AB - Cavernous haemangiomas, the most frequent benign tumours of the liver, are discussed by the authors in connection with 50 personal cases and surveillance of 35 solitary hyperechoic nodules less than 3 cm diam. without clinical or biological abnormalities. All the diagnostic images are reviewed but attention is focussed on ultrasound. All US patterns may be observed, but if the lesion is less than 3 cm, the echostructure is often hyperechoic and homogeneous. In view of their asymptomatic nature and the absence of risk of evolution for these small hyperechoic lesions, it appears legitimate to propose surveillance merely by US if there are no clinical symptoms and if liver function tests are normal. PMID- 6626870 TI - Postoperative evaluation of composite aortic grafts: comparison of angiography and CT. AB - Postoperative angiography and computerised tomography were performed in 10 patients 8 to 57 months after surgical repair (nine composite, one distal graft) of aneurysms of the thoracic aorta (six dissecting, four true aneurysms). Angiography and angio-CT showed chronic dissection of the distal aorta in five of six patients with dissecting aneurysms and detected a pseudoaneurysm originating from the distal suture line in another patient. CT may serve as an initial procedure for postoperative examinations after surgery of aortic aneurysms to demonstrate the state of the false lumen and the formation of pseudoaneurysms. The coronary arteries and aortic valve function have to be evaluated by angiography. PMID- 6626871 TI - Video urodynamic studies and clinical outcome. AB - We have reviewed the clinical outcome in 64 patients having combined structural and functional lower urinary tract studies (video urodynamics). The results represent two years' experience of a unit encouraging referral only of those complex patients thought to need the combined study, rather than simple urodynamic measurements. The test's accuracy and its influence on management were not in question, and most patients (58%) were improved. The results suggest that the test is decisively useful in patients with obstruction, whether complicated by bladder instability or not. A poor stream or a neuropathic bladder were the important clinical pointers to this group. The great majority of patients suffering from stress incontinence were improved on review, whilst most of those with frequency and urgency of micturition were no better. The combined test may have given diagnostic confirmation here, but it did not bear importantly on outcome. Diagnostic certainty in these groups was therefore of doubtful, value, and dearly bought. PMID- 6626872 TI - Reduction of fluoroscopic exposure for the air-contrast barium enema. AB - In a fluoroscopic imaging system, image quality and patient dose are both affected by the optical system linking the image intensifier with the video camera. The effect on patient exposure of increasing the optical iris aperture size over that required for other procedures performed on the same imaging system was investigated for the air-contrast barium enema examination. Using a large area transmission ionisation chamber to monitor the Roentgen-area-product of entrance exposure, a decrease in fluoroscopic radiation of greater than 50% was clinically documented for a fluoroscopic system utilising kVp and mA variable automatic brightness control. For this iris change, the video image was of acceptable quality for positioning and monitoring the patient, and no deleterious effect was detected in the conduct of the air-contrast exam. The availability of a variable-sized operator-selectable iris diaphragm would permit this dose reduction approach to be extended to other fluoroscopic procedures. PMID- 6626873 TI - Dual photon absorptiometry of the spine with a low activity source of gadolinium 153. AB - Apparatus and data-processing techniques were developed to measure the bone mineral content (BMC) of the lumbar spine. 153Gd was used as the dual photon source with an activity down to 7 GBq, lower than that adopted by other workers. The compromise between resolution and sensitivity was optimised. A reproducibility in normal subjects of 1.5% (coefficient of variation) was obtained. Normalisation procedures using parameters of the scan image and other indicators of body size such as span were developed, and reduced the coefficient of variation between normal subjects to 10% for men and 8% for pre-menopausal women. The absolute values of BMC are similar to those reported by others. Cross sectional studies in women demonstrated an accelerated loss of BMC after the menopause. PMID- 6626874 TI - A review of radiation accidents involving whole body exposure and the relevance to the LD50/60 for man. AB - The absorbed dose of low LET radiation that would be lethal (due to bone marrow failure) to 50% of an exposed human population is a matter for concern in planning for the consequences of an accident to a nuclear reactor and in the event of nuclear war. Since accidents with radiation-generating equipment or in the nuclear fuel processing industry might provide relevant human data, published accounts of these are reviewed. Two accidents, one in the USA, the other in Yugoslavia, both involving exposure to neutrons as well as gamma-rays, are identified as possibly satisfying the criteria of uniformity of dose, magnitude of dose and dose rate necessary to provide useful information on the value of LD50/60 for man. The symptomatology of the exposed individuals is discussed in terms of the published doses. Detailed examination of the dosimetry for these two accidents revealed possible ambiguities and a thorough re-examination has been carried out, the results of which are reported in detail in the Appendix. This indicates considerable and largely unresolvable uncertainty in the magnitude of the dose to exposed individuals when expressed as the low LET equivalent dose in bone marrow. It is also shown that the relationship between severity of effects and dose to exposed individuals is not the same for both accidents and it is argued that the experience from the Yugoslavian accident is more relevant to the determination of the sensitivity to radiation of an exposed human population. Given the uncertain nature of the accident data and the small amount of other relevant human data at present available, the uncertainty of current knowledge of man's sensitivity to the acute effects of exposure to ionising radiation is discussed. PMID- 6626875 TI - Appendix: a re-evaluation of the dosimetry for the accidents at Y12 and Vinca. PMID- 6626876 TI - The incidence and management of osteoradionecrosis of the jaws following head and neck radiotherapy. AB - Only 22 cases of osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the jaws so severe as to require resection have been reported in 2,853 cases of head and neck tumours receiving radiation in doses capable of causing ORN between 1.1.1970 and 31.12.1981. But for surgical interference, including dental extractions both pre- and post therapy, the incidence would have been even lower. The management of the irradiated patient and of established necrosis is discussed. PMID- 6626877 TI - The penetration of misonidazole and desmethylmisonidazole into brain tumours and other central nervous system tissues in man. AB - The concentration of drug after oral administration of 1 g misonidazole to patients undergoing neurosurgery has been studied in samples taken from intracerebral tumours, normal brain, cerebrospinal fluid and brain tumour cyst fluid. A total of 31 patients yielded samples at various times 2-8 h after drug administration. Results show a considerable range of tumour/plasma percentages but from about 2-5 h after drug administration this averaged between 65-80%. Normal brain and CSF showed similar good penetration but drug entry into cyst fluid was lower (30-50%). A further study with desmethylmisonidazole given to 11 additional patients showed a similar range of tumour penetration but lower concentrations in CSF and cyst fluid (10-20%). Low values were also seen in some but not all of the normal brain tissue samples. Necrotic tumour also had much lower concentrations than macroscopically viable tissue. These results are discussed in terms of their clinical relevance to sensitiser studies on patients with brain tumours with drugs of different lipophilicities. PMID- 6626879 TI - Radiosensitisation of cells in vitro with misonidazole: dependence on endogenous sulphydryl. AB - The radiosensitisation conferred upon hypoxic mammalian cells by misonidazole can be reduced by the addition of exogenous sulphydryl compounds and enhanced by the diminution of endogenous non-protein sulphydryl compounds (NPSH). A similar enhancement of the effect of misonidazole has been demonstrated in bacteria which are genetically low in NPSH. In the experiments reported here, the radiosensitising ability of various concentrations of misonidazole on anoxic populations of a single strain of mammalian cells, containing different amounts of NPSH, has been measured. At misonidazole concentrations of 3mM and less, about twice as much misonidazole was required to confer the same degree of radiosensitisation on the cells which contained a high concentration of NPSH as was needed for cells which contained half the amount of NPSH. At these concentrations, misonidazole did not deplete endogenous NPSH. 5mM misonidazole conferred the same enhancement of sensitivity in both high- and low-NPSH containing cells. The oxygen enhancement ratio, and extrapolation number of the survival curves, for cells irradiated without misonidazole were not affected by the variation in NPSH. PMID- 6626878 TI - The role of microsomal enzyme inducers in the reduction of misonidazole neurotoxicity. AB - In a series of studies, we have shown that phenytoin, 300 mg daily for one week, produces consistent hepatic microsomal enzyme induction, resulting in a decrease of 25% in misonidazole half-life, without causing any toxicity per se. A longer period of administration gives only a slightly greater induction. Phenobarbitone in a daily dose of 90 mg causes a reduction of 18% and 23% in misonidazole half life after 1 and 2 weeks' pre-treatment respectively, but is less suitable clinically because of its sedative effect. A further series of studies using phenytoin as the inducing agent has shown that, despite adequate enzyme induction and increased misonidazole metabolism, it is impossible to increase the total dose of misonidazole beyond the usually accepted value of 12 g/m2 because of unacceptable neuropathy (a rate of 50% at a dose of 14 g/m2 over three weeks). In single doses of above 3.0-4.0 g of misonidazole, severe nausea and vomiting are prominent, so that this side effect is a determining factor in the treatment fractionation. Audiometric studies show no correlation between the incidence of peripheral neuropathy and abnormal audiograms, and have no value in the early prediction of neurotoxicity. It seems that despite causing increased metabolism, enzyme induction does not protect against neurotoxicity and thus will not permit the use of higher doses of misonidazole for increased radiosensitisation. PMID- 6626880 TI - Uteroenteric fistula due to ruptured ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 6626881 TI - Subcutaneous seeding of pancreatic carcinoma along a transhepatic biliary catheter tract. PMID- 6626883 TI - Hepatic amoebic abscess communicating with the biliary tree. PMID- 6626884 TI - The evaluation of an RBE for iodine 125 relative to iridium 192 from a human erythematous skin reaction using a new approach to skin scoring. PMID- 6626882 TI - Percutaneous double-pigtail stent placement in a case of recurrent bilateral urothelial tumours. PMID- 6626885 TI - Histology as a method of detecting biological heat damage in tumours. PMID- 6626886 TI - Preparation equivalent to "Umbradil Viscous". PMID- 6626887 TI - Should a benign renal cyst be treated? AB - Between 1964 and 1980 we reviewed 103 patients with benign renal cysts. Their treatment ranged from nephrectomy to observation and follow-up only. It was concluded that the best form of therapy for this condition is regular follow-up. PMID- 6626888 TI - Is the solitary kidney a privileged kidney? AB - In rabbits the renal function of solitary kidneys subjected to ischaemic damage was compared with that of kidneys damaged identically in the presence of a normal contralateral organ. In spite of compensatory hypertrophy of the solitary kidney, no improvement in its tolerance to ischaemia was observed. The solitary kidney is thus not a privileged kidney. PMID- 6626889 TI - Mineral composition of 103 stones from Iran. AB - The mineral composition of 103 stones from Iran was determined by a polarisation microscope and infrared spectroscopy. The commonest components were whewellite (81.5%), weddellite (40.7%), apatite (69%) and ammonium acid urate (24.4%). Ectopic cossification in the nuclei was found in three renal calculi (2.9%). Twenty-five stones were from children, where one of the most frequent patterns was formed by both ammonium acid urate and calcium oxalate. This suggests that a high proportion of the children from Iran with urolithiasis have nutritional disorders. PMID- 6626890 TI - Perinatal ultrasound monitoring: early detection and treatment of congenital uropathy. AB - In childhood, delay in the diagnosis of congenital obstructive or refluxing urinary tract pathology can contribute to progressive renal failure. Ultrasound examination is a safe and reliable means of investigating the urinary system pre- and post-natally. We describe 13 children investigated with ultrasound during the perinatal period. In 10, pathology was identified in utero, confirmed after birth and treated surgically within 1 month. This indicates that perinatal ultrasonography is a valuable technique. PMID- 6626891 TI - Prognostic validity of the specific red cell adherence test in upper urothelial tumours. AB - The specific red cell adherence (SRCA) test for blood group antigens was used in 32 patients with upper urinary tract tumours to determine whether their survival could be predicted by this test. The SRCA results correlated well with survival in each grade and stage of the tumours. Overall, patients with positive tests showed a significantly higher 5-year survival rate than those with negative tests (87.2% vs. 24.6%). These findings add support to the prognostic importance of this test in upper urinary tract tumours. PMID- 6626892 TI - Bilharzial strictures of the lower third of the ureter: a critical review of 560 strictures. AB - In a series of 329 patients with urinary bilharziasis, 560 strictures occurred in the lower third of the ureter. Bilateral ureteric involvement was seen in 231 patients (70.2%). Two hundred and fifty-two strictures (45%) were juxtavesical, 210 (37.5%) intramural, 50 (8.9%) were combined juxtavesical and intramural, 43 (7.7%) were pelvic and 5 (0.9%) were ureteric meatal strictures. The main operative procedures were pull-through ureteroneocystostomy (47.1%), ureteric reimplantation into the dome of the bladder (28.8%) and nipple ureteroneocystostomy (20.3%). Post-operative complications occurred in 17 patients (5.2%) and the operative mortality was nil. It is concluded that the best results are achieved through selection of the appropriate operative procedure and prevention of reinfestation. PMID- 6626893 TI - Vesicoureteric reflux in patients with bladder tumours. AB - In the course of treatment of 224 patients with bladder neoplasms over an 18-year period, 44 patients were noted to have associated vesicoureteric reflux, bilateral in 12 and unilateral in 32. Reflux was suspected in 8 patients because of associated ureterotrigonal abnormalities such as paraureteric diverticulum, complete duplication of the ureter and gaping ureteric orifice, and it was diagnosed by micturating cystography obtained before the bladder tumour was treated. In the remaining 36 patients reflux developed after treatment of the bladder tumours. In most patients with reflux the clinical course was benign, but it caused recurrent pyelonephritis in 9 cases and secondary struvite calculi in 2. Five patients had antirefluxing ureteric reimplantation to control episodes of recurrent pyelonephritis. The pathogenesis and implications of vesicoureteric reflux in association with bladder tumours are discussed. PMID- 6626894 TI - Permeability and ultrastructure of human bladder epithelium. AB - Leakage of tight junctions as observed with electron microscopy and demonstration of solute transport across bladder epithelium was investigated in 13 patients with different bladder diseases: urinary retention and infection, bladder tumours and interstitial cystitis. The latter group showed consistent leakage of solutes through the urothelium. Electron microscopy revealed leaky tight junctions. This finding might be helpful in establishing the histological criteria and explain the pathogenesis of interstitial cystitis. PMID- 6626895 TI - Histamine content and mast cell count of detrusor muscle in patients with interstitial cystitis and other types of chronic cystitis. AB - The quantitative mast cell count in the detrusor muscle, the histamine content and the degree of collagen staining material in the bladder wall have been evaluated in order to elucidate their value in distinguishing between patients with interstitial cystitis and other types of chronic cystitis. The number of mast cells in the detrusor muscle was statistically significantly increased in patients with interstitial cystitis compared with the control group (P less than 0.0001). With a proposed level of greater than 20 mast cells/sq mm of muscle tissue the diagnostic specificity was 88% and the diagnostic sensitivity 95%. The histamine content in the bladder wall was significantly increased in patients with interstitial cystitis (P less than 0.05) but not useful as a diagnostic test. The amount of collagen staining material was significantly increased in the intra- and inter-fascicular muscle tissue of the bladder in patients with interstitial cystitis (P less than 0.0005, P less than 0.001) and might be used as a support for the histological diagnosis, even in patients with uncontracted bladders. PMID- 6626897 TI - Posterior urethral valve masquerading as the prune belly syndrome. AB - Four infants are presented who in addition to having a posterior urethral valve showed striking clinical and radiological features usually associated with the prune belly syndrome. Evidence is presented which suggests that these two conditions may coexist. PMID- 6626896 TI - Urinary carcinoembryogenic antigen (CEA) in the diagnosis and follow-up of bladder carcinoma. AB - The level of urinary carcinoembryogenic antigen (CEA) was evaluated in the diagnosis and follow-up of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Urinary CEA concentration, cystoscopic findings and the histopathology of an eventually resected bladder tumour were correlated in 177 cases. The sensitivity proved to be 34%, the specificity 82%. Possible correlations with sex, infection, primary tumour or recurrence, differentiation and invasion of an eventually resected tumour and influence of adjuvant therapy were also evaluated. A comparison was made with the results of other authors and different factors which may influence urinary CEA levels are discussed. PMID- 6626898 TI - Chronic bacterial and non-bacterial prostatitis. AB - Chronic prostatitis is ill-understood, difficult to diagnose and often unresponsive to treatment. To clarify some of the diagnostic difficulties 135 patients and 28 control subjects were prospectively studied. Patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis, chronic non-bacterial prostatitis and recurrent non-specific urethritis (NSU) without prostatitis resembled each other in demographic characteristics. Patients with prostatodynia were more often married and born abroad. Symptoms were more common in prostatodynia but diagnosis of prostatitis and prostatodynia depended on examination of the expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) for leucocytes and microorganisms. An inflammatory response in the EPS was found in both forms of prostatitis but not in the other conditions. Leucocyte counts of the EPS appeared to be more sensitive than simple microscopic estimation. The EPS leucocyte figures support a previous finding that the upper limit of normal for the EPS count is around 500 cells per mm3 by the method used. The pathogenic micro-organisms cultured from the EPS of the patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis were the usual urinary pathogens reported by others. For reasons which are not clear, saprophytic organisms were more common in chronic non-bacterial prostatitis than in the other groups. While the demographic differences and increased symptoms in patients with prostatodynia will not help in diagnosis, there may be a relationship with emotional stress and this should be considered in the management of these patients. PMID- 6626899 TI - Age and survival in prostatic carcinoma. AB - Several studies of patients with prostatic carcinoma have reported worse survival rates for younger patients (less than 60 years) than for older and have concluded that this disease takes a more aggressive form in younger patients. We have retrospectively analysed data on 597 patients in East Anglia between 1973 and 1977 and have shown that in this region younger patients have a much better prognosis when compared with older groups with the same disease. When age correction is applied, their prognosis still appears no worse than in older patients. This has implications in the management of patients with this common cancer. PMID- 6626900 TI - Bone marrow aspiration biopsy and bone scanning in the staging of prostatic cancer. AB - Random bone marrow aspiration biopsies of iliac crests and bone scans/skeletal X rays were evaluated in 163 new cases of carcinoma of the prostate in order to assess the incidence of bone metastases and to compare the sensitivity of these two methods. Bone marrow biopsy revealed cancer cells in 18.4% of all cases. The detection rate of skeletal metastases of bone scan/skeletal X-ray was 32.5%. In this series all patients with positive biopsies had also positive scans. The superior sensitivity of bone scans compared with bone marrow biopsies in detecting metastatic spread of prostatic cancer is shown. PMID- 6626902 TI - Incomplete obstruction of the male genital tract: a cause of oligozoospermia. AB - Of 71 patients with obstructive azoospermia, 8 gave a history and/or had documentary evidence of oligozoospermia in the past and 2 gave a history of paternity. Thus a period of oligozoospermia preceded their azoospermia. "Partial obstruction" is therefore postulated as a cause of oligozoospermia. PMID- 6626901 TI - Combined bipedal lymphangiography, CT scanning and transabdominal lymph node aspiration cytology for node staging in carcinoma of the prostate. AB - Forty-two patients with carcinoma of the prostate have been studied by bipedal lymphangiography, abdominal CT scanning and percutaneous transabdominal lymph node aspiration cytology to try to increase the accuracy of lymph node staging. The use of two independent radiologists to report the lymphangiograms did not improve the accuracy of reporting. CT scanning was of value only in patients in whom the lymph nodes were not opacified on lymphangiography. Aspiration cytology was positive in 8 of the 40 patients who were studied. There was no morbidity. Six of these 8 patients had MO disease, three had TO tumours and were not on treatment. A poor correlation was found between the presence of lymph node metastases and the Gleason score. Percutaneous transabdominal lymph node aspiration cytology is a safe procedure. When positive, it avoids the need for a staging lymphadenectomy and so helps to identify those patients for whom local treatment is not applicable. PMID- 6626903 TI - Wound infection following vasectomy. AB - Ninety-four patients undergoing vasectomy as day cases were studied prospectively. An overall infection rate of 32.9% was recorded and, apart from haematoma formation and the nasal carriage of organisms, no factors were found that increased the risk of infection. A preoperative hibiscrub shower did not affect the infection rate, even though it was responsible for a significant reduction in skin flora. This raises the possibility of infection following vasectomy being secondary, not occurring at the time of surgery. PMID- 6626905 TI - The bladder during physical activity: further views on natural-filling urodynamic investigations. PMID- 6626906 TI - Lipoma of the spermatic cord in childhood. PMID- 6626904 TI - Antibiotic prophylaxis after instrumentation for urodynamic testing. AB - This study of 96 women shows that there is doubtful value in routine antibiotic prophylaxis after urodynamic investigation. An unexpectedly high number of women harboured unsuspected infections at the time of evaluation despite prior screening, which suggests prophylaxis would be more useful if given before the tests. PMID- 6626907 TI - Transitional cell papilloma of the ureter causing hydronephrosis in a child. PMID- 6626908 TI - Multiple urethral calculi--an unusual cause of acute retention of urine. PMID- 6626909 TI - An unusual case of spontaneous rupture of the ureter presenting as an acute abdomen. PMID- 6626910 TI - Pedunculated polyp of posterior urethra in a child. PMID- 6626911 TI - Congenital urethral polyp in an adult. PMID- 6626912 TI - Epidermoid carcinoma of the renal pelvis with a large renal stone. PMID- 6626913 TI - Cor pulmonale in disseminated prostatic carcinoma. PMID- 6626914 TI - Teratoma of the testis in the prune belly syndrome. PMID- 6626915 TI - Use of a guide-wire for replacement of a ureteric stent. PMID- 6626916 TI - The value of operative pancreatography. AB - Between 1978 and 1982 operative pancreatography was undertaken in 39 patients (mean age 47 years) using 1 of 4 different techniques. Final diagnoses were chronic pancreatitis (15), isolated dorsal pancreas (10), carcinoma head of pancreas (3), acute pancreatitis (3) and miscellaneous pancreatic conditions (8). Retrograde (transduodenal) pancreatograms were successfully obtained in 10 of 12 patients, including 3 via the minor papilla. Prograde cannulation was achieved after distal pancreatectomy in 15 of 16 patients, 10 of whom had an isolated dorsal pancreas. 'Ambigrade' pancreatography was performed after direct puncture of a palpable duct in 6 patients and cystography in another 5 patients with pseudocysts. No complications of pancreatography were seen and the radiological findings modified the operative procedure in 16 patients (41 per cent). PMID- 6626917 TI - Management of malignant obstructive jaundice at The Middlesex Hospital. AB - A total of 180 patients with malignant obstructive jaundice have been treated by 5 different methods: surgical resection; surgical by-pass; percutaneous prosthesis; endoscopic prosthesis; and endoscopic sphincterotomy (for papillary tumours). The spectrum of patients is unusual, because many elderly and ill patients were referred for nonoperative management. Operative by-pass, percutaneous and endoscopic prostheses gave similar overall results, with a mean survival of about 6 months. Patients with tumours of the papilla of Vater treated by endoscopy or surgery fared well; 11 of 18 were alive at follow-up. Median survival after resection of other tumours was 17 months. These results underline the need for randomized clinical trials, which are now in progress. PMID- 6626918 TI - Should surgeons operate on the evidence of ultrasound alone in jaundiced patients? AB - The biliary ultrasound scans of 132 patients having a laparotomy for jaundice have been reviewed to assess the role of ultrasound in the selection of patients for surgery. When scans were technically satisfactory the finding of a dilated extrahepatic duct (EHD) indicated obstructive jaundice in all cases, but the obstructing lesion in 5 per cent of such cases was too proximal for jaundice to be relieved by direct surgical decompression. Scans were further classified on the basis of abnormalities detected in the gallbladder. When EHD dilation was associated with gall bladder findings 'typical' of distal common bile duct (CBD) obstruction due to gall stones (small gallbladder with multiple gallstones) or tumour (dilated gallbladder without gallstones), surgically remediable obstruction was always present. Although ultrasound identified the obstructing lesion itself in a minority of cases, the cause of obstruction could be correctly inferred in 95 per cent of 'typical' scans. These results suggest that it is safe to proceed directly to surgery only when an experienced ultrasonographer demonstrates findings 'typical' of distal CBD obstruction due to gallstones or tumour. PMID- 6626919 TI - Prevention of postoperative renal failure in patients with obstructive jaundice- the role of bile salts. AB - Preoperative administration of the simple bile salt sodium deoxycholate has been shown in this study to prevent postoperative endotoxaemia and renal failure in patients with obstructive jaundice. Fifty-four per cent of jaundiced patients not given the salt were found to have systemic endotoxaemia, associated with renal impairment in two-thirds of the cases. No patient given sodium deoxycholate 500 mg 8 hourly for 48 hours before operation had portal or systemic endotoxaemia, and none had evidence of renal impairment (P less than 0 X 02, X2 with Yates' correction). The incidence of endotoxaemia in untreated jaundiced patients was very significantly greater than in non-jaundiced patients undergoing elective upper abdominal surgery (P less than 0 X 005), but this difference is abolished by the prophylactic administration of the oral bile salt. The mechanism of action of bile salts in preventing endotoxin absorption from the small bowel has been investigated, and the lack of any significant alteration in the small bowel microbial flora in obstructive jaundice suggests that a direct effect on the endotoxin molecule is involved. Nearly 20 per cent of patients with obstructive jaundice still develop postoperative renal insufficiency, but preoperative prophylactic use of sodium deoxycholate should reduce this very significantly. PMID- 6626920 TI - Hepatic metastases--a physiological approach to treatment. AB - Hepatic metastases derived from primary malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract have a grave prognosis, with median survival rates varying from 3 to 11 months. Surgery for isolated metastases and intrahepatic artery chemotherapy are the most effective treatment options currently available. We have explored the potential use of radioactive microspheres delivered into the liver by the hepatic artery as a form of internally irradiating metastatic liver cancer. Microspheres containing radioactive Yttrium injected into the hepatic artery concentrate in the metastases rather than normal liver parenchyma, due to the fact that the blood supply of metastases is derived preferentially from the hepatic artery. Using a rabbit tumour model, radioactive microspheres delivered into the hepatic artery have been shown to lodge preferentially in tumour tissue. The therapeutic application of this phenomenon is that metastases may receive many times the radiation dose delivered to normal liver parenchyma when radioactive microspheres are delivered into the hepatic artery. This would mean that a mean dose of 30 Gy delivered to normal liver tissue would result in greater than 150 Gy being delivered to tumour tissue. Current results in experiments suggest that this form of treatment may have considerable potential for prolonging survival of patients with hepatic metastases. PMID- 6626921 TI - Early return to work after repair of a unilateral inguinal hernia. AB - Ninety-seven Royal Naval and Royal Marine officers and ratings undergoing repair of a unilateral inguinal hernia were randomized postoperatively into two groups: A, those who returned to full working duties 21 days after operation; B, those who returned to light duties 21 days after operation and to full duties at 3 months. Patients were reviewed at 3 and 12 months. One patient was withdrawn because of the development of late sepsis. Two patients in group B developed a recurrence of hernia within 1 year. No patient who returned to full duties at 21 days was unable to do any duty assigned to him. In a concurrent trial 119 male civilian patients were treated in the same hospital under identical conditions. All patients were reviewed 21 days after operation and were randomized into two groups: C, those advised to return to work immediately; D, those given no advice. Patients in group C returned to work in a mean of 38 days (range 14-96 days), whereas those in group D returned in a mean of 71 days (range 14-280 days). There was no recurrence of hernia in either group within the review period. It is concluded that there is no contraindication to resuming physical work 3 weeks after the uncomplicated repair of a unilateral inguinal hernia, and that active encouragement shortens the interval before return to work. PMID- 6626922 TI - The morphological basis of human breast cyst populations. AB - Forty human cysts have been examined to determine the relationship between the epithelial lining and the content of sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) in the cyst fluid. The ratios of Na+ to K+ for cysts lined by flattened epithelium were higher in all cases than the values obtained for cysts lined by apocrine epithelium. These findings suggest a morphological basis for the two populations of human breast cyst fluids which can be defined on cationic content. PMID- 6626923 TI - Localization and excision of occult breast lesions. AB - Between 1976 and 1982, 190 non-palpable mammographic abnormalities considered to be suspicious of malignancy were excised using a needle localization technique. The indications for biopsy, technique for localization, method for confirmation of excision and histopathological preparation are presented. The histopathological diagnosis of these lesions were 150 benign and 40 malignant. There was no clear correlation between the mammographic appearances and the occurrence of cancer. Compared with 100 consecutive women with palpable breast cancer the impalpable and mammographically detected tumours were smaller, more often non-invasive and associated with negative axillary nodes. PMID- 6626924 TI - The effective management of venous ulceration. AB - The importance of the direct perforating veins of the lower leg in the aetiology of venous ulceration is supported by the results of a 6-year study of 77 patients with 109 ulcerated legs. Incompetent perforating veins were demonstrated by examination and Doppler ultrasound, and confirmed at operation, in 108 legs. Subfascial ligation of these veins, with stripping of incompetent saphenous veins when necessary, was followed by elastic compression stockings in 44 legs (40 per cent) in which deep vein incompetence was demonstrated by non-invasive methods and phlebography. Some 91 ulcers (84.3 per cent) remain healed (76 per cent greater than 3-year follow up). Eight patients with rheumatoid arthritis in addition to venous incompetence had a 75 per cent failure rate. If these patients are excluded, 88 (92 per cent) of 96 ulcerated legs remain healed. It is submitted that these results support the argument for the importance of perforating vein incompetence in the aetiology of venous ulceration. They also suggest that a more optimistic attitude towards treatment is justified. PMID- 6626925 TI - The detection and progression of asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease. PMID- 6626926 TI - Long term results of 66 femoral-to-femoral by-pass grafts: a 9-year follow-up. AB - Over an 8-year period, 66 femoral-to-femoral grafts were performed for unilateral iliac artery disease. The grafts were inserted retropubically with an operative mortality of 4.5 per cent. The minimum follow-up has been 12 months and cumulative patency 80 per cent at 6 years. Sixteen patients had critical ischaemia (preoperative Doppler ankle pressure less than 40 mmHg) and 50 patients had severe ischaemia (preoperative ankle pressure greater than 40 mmHg). The graft significantly improved initial ankle pressures and this improvement was maintained at late follow-up (average 45 months). There was no evidence of a detrimental effect on the donor limb. Long term patency was adversely affected if there was preoperative critical ischaemia, a woven Dacron prosthesis was used or the patient continued to smoke. PMID- 6626927 TI - Management of acute brachial artery occlusion due to trauma or emboli. AB - Out of 37 patients requiring emergency surgery for upper limb ischaemia, 9 were due to spontaneous embolus, 7 to arterial laceration and 21 followed cardiac catheterization. Eleven of the initial operations (30 per cent) failed to relieve ischaemic symptoms though 6 were corrected by further operations. Success at the initial operation was associated with (i) repair with end-to-end anastomosis after resection, saphenous vein bypass or interposition graft, or generous vein patch, (ii) exposure of the radial/ulnar bifurcation, (iii) instillation of heparinized saline locally or (iv) restoration of the radial pulse at the end of the operation. In the cases studied in whom all the above recommendations were followed, the operation was entirely successful and all patients have a radial pulse and are currently symptom free. PMID- 6626928 TI - The incidence of salmonella infection in sheep in England and Wales, 1975 to 1981. PMID- 6626929 TI - Experimental infection of pregnant gilts with leptospires isolated from British wildlife. I. Serological response to infection. PMID- 6626931 TI - A comparison of disease in calves. I. A method of disease recording and its use under different systems of feeding. PMID- 6626932 TI - A comparison of disease in calves. II. Effect of different management and feeding systems on one farm. PMID- 6626930 TI - Experimental infection of pregnant gilts with leptospires isolated from British wildlife. II. Clinical, bacteriological and pathological aspects of infection. PMID- 6626934 TI - Factors influencing the airborne spread of Newcastle disease. PMID- 6626933 TI - Synchronization of oestrus with cloprostenol and subsequent calving rates in artificially inseminated Zebu heifers. PMID- 6626935 TI - The use of allergic test in the diagnosis of Brucella melitensis infection in sheep. PMID- 6626936 TI - Subclinical ketosis and serum beta-hydroxybutyrate levels in dairy cattle. PMID- 6626937 TI - Effect of hemispherectomy in infantile hemiplegics. AB - Four patients with infantile hemiplegia who had undergone hemispherectomy were examined. both left (LH) and right (RH) hemidecorticates obtained borderline defective scores on IQ tests. Patients with isolated right hemispheres were found not to be aphasic or apraxic. Visuospatial and constructional capacities were compromised in all patients. Individuals with an isolated right hemisphere smiled and gestured more than did those with an isolated right hemisphere. EEG and CT scan data showed that the remaining hemisphere was not normal in these patients. Therefore, inferences regarding the functional plasticity of the remaining hemisphere must be made with caution. PMID- 6626938 TI - Imageability does not interact with visual field in lateral word recognition with oral report. AB - Four lateral tachistoscopic experiments are reported which tested the hypothesis that the right hemisphere has a selective ability to process highly imageable words (the RH imageability hypothesis). The prediction that performance asymmetry would vary as a function of word imageability, in a lateral recognition task with oral report, was not fulfilled. Results suggested that several previously published studies which hitherto have been regarded as supporting the RH imageability hypothesis may be discounted on artifactual grounds. The implications of these findings for the overall status of the hypothesis were discussed. PMID- 6626940 TI - A note on the "word-order problem" in agrammatism. AB - This brief note has two parts. First, it presents an analysis of the ability of English agrammatic patients to assign the thematic roles of agent, instrument, theme, and locative to noun phrases in active and passive sentences and prepositional phrases. Data regarding this ability have been presented by Schwartz, Saffran, and Marin (Brain and Language, 10, 149-262 (1980) regarding comprehension, and by Saffran, Schwartz, and Marin (Brain and Language, 10, 263 280 (1980) regarding production. These authors claim their data show that English agrammatic aphasics do not map "word order" onto thematic information. However, a very simple set of principles accounts for all their results, including results which are discrepant in their treatment, but requires that English agrammatics assign thematic roles to NPs in part by virtue of the position of an NP in a sentence or a phrase. In the second part of this note, several issues raised by this re-analysis are briefly discussed. PMID- 6626939 TI - Finger localization and reading ability in three groups of children ages three through twelve. AB - Developmental norms for eight finger-localization (FL) tasks similar to those used by Lindgren are extended to include 140 children ages 3 through 12. The strength of the relationship between these scores and two specific reading tasks is explored. Regression analyses reveal statistically significant correlations between FL ability and the ability to match spoken with printed words, as well as between FL scores and scores for silent reading and retelling of a paragraph. Three groups of children are used: children with normal language, those with dysphasia, and those with language impairments other than dysphasia. Performance scores of these three groups on other language tasks are compared. PMID- 6626941 TI - Comments on the interpretation of lateral asymmetries in the naming of words and line drawings. AB - Young, Bion, and Ellis (Brain and Language, 11, 54-65, 1980) found no visual hemifield differences for right-handed subjects' first reports of bilaterally presented picturable nouns and line drawings, and small RVF superiorities for second reports of these stimuli. Levine and Banich (1982), however, found no visual hemifield differences for line drawings, and a substantial RVF superiority for picturable words. Two procedural factors are identified as responsible for this difference in results; namely the lack of control of order of report in Levine and Banich's (1982) study, and their use of vertically aligned words. Levine and Banich's (1982) attempt to explain findings of side of presentation X report interactions in terms of directional scanning and reporting preferences is shown to be untenable. Explanations in terms of cerebral asymmetries are more convincing, but they must be related to explicit theoretical models. PMID- 6626942 TI - Lexical creativity during instances of word-finding difficulty: Broca's vs. Wernicke's aphasia. AB - Lexical innovation--the creation of a word by combining existing morphemes in a novel way (e.g. "map ball" for "globe")--was evaluated as a method for circumventing word-finding difficulty in Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia. Aphasic groups were matched for naming performance and compared to a control group of normal adults matched for age and education. Lexical innovations were collected during the administration of a confrontation naming test, and were then analyzed in terms of the correctness of morpheme combination, semantic accuracy, novelty, and communicative effectiveness. An innovation was considered to be communicatively effective when its intended referent was understood by a naive judge. The lexical innovations of the two aphasic groups were diametrically opposed: as compared to both Broca's aphasics and normal adults, Wernicke's aphasics innovated significantly less often, and their innovations were significantly inferior in terms of: semantic precision, the proper construction of morpheme combination, and communicative effectiveness. This pattern suggests that lack of verbal fluency may be compatible with lexical creativity, while empty logorrheic speech may be an impediment to lexical creativity. Similarly, we conclude that the agrammatism of Broca's asphasia does not interfere with lexical innovation, while the paragrammatism of Wernicke's aphasia does interfere with lexical innovation, thus suggesting that paragrammatism affects morpheme combination at the word level as well as the sentence level. PMID- 6626943 TI - Hemifield independence in the left handed. AB - Tachistoscopically presented arrays containing either a single word or two words in different configurations were given to left- and right-handed subjects. Several measures indicated hemifield, and by implication, hemispheric independence for word recognition was more likely to be found among left- than right-handers. Differences within the left-handed group associated with the presence of family sinistrality and writing posture were also found. Results were discussed with respect to the view that bilateral representation of language frequently occurs in left-handed adults. PMID- 6626944 TI - Central auditory processing. V. Ear advantages for acoustic stimuli in baboons. AB - Four baboons (Papio cynocephalus) were tested using food as reward for ear advantages in the monaural discrimination of pure tones, three-tone musical chords, synthetically constructed consonant-vowels, and vowels. All four animals showed highly significant and reproducible ear advantages for each class of acoustic stimulus with marked individual differences in the direction of their ear asymmetry. The results obtained in these experiments represent the first evidence of ear asymmetries for different classes of acoustic stimuli in a nonhuman species. Further, the ear advantages found in these animals under monaural conditions resemble those obtained with dichotic presentation in human subjects and thus suggest that the baboon may be a valuable model of central auditory processing of various types of acoustic stimuli in man. PMID- 6626945 TI - Central auditory processing. VI. Detecting ear dominance by evoked potentials. AB - An electrophysiological method is described for measuring the direction and strength of a subject's ear dominance for pitch using the P3 component of event related potentials. Results of these experiments reveal that the P3 can be used effectively for these measures in man. PMID- 6626946 TI - Do concurrent verbal memory loads influence the verbal laterality pattern in the bilateral task? AB - This study examined the effects of different concurrent verbal memory loads on a recognition accuracy task using bilaterally presented nouns. Four different memory load conditions were examined. They varied along a size dimension of either three or six words and along a complexity dimension of either easy concrete nouns or difficult highly abstract nouns. In each of the above conditions and in one control group, order or word report was controlled and in a second control group subjects were free to report the lateralized words in any order they wished. There were 20 subjects in each of the six groups. As expected, a significant right visual field superiority for verbal processing was obtained. there were no main effects of size of memory load nor complexity of m emory load on the laterality patterns. More subtle fluctuations in the patterns were found in the form of significant interactions between memory load, order of word report, and visual field. These interaction effects suggest that words reported second in the bilateral task, are more susceptible to the interfering effects of either larger or more complex memory loads. This is particularly true for right visual field words. While these data generally support a structural model of hemispheric organization, the interaction effects suggest that modifications must be made to the basic model to account for such factors as hemispheric capacity limits and order of report in the bilateral task. PMID- 6626947 TI - What do we mean by "aphasic syndromes?" A neurologist's view. PMID- 6626948 TI - Phonetic disintegration in aphasia: acoustic analysis of spectral characteristics for place of articulation. AB - In this study, we attempted to determine whether phonetic disintegration of speech in Broca's aphasia affects the spectral characteristics of speech sounds as has been shown for the temporal characteristics of speech. To this end, we investigated the production of place of articulation in Broca's aphasics. Acoustic analysis of the spectral characteristics for stop consonants were conducted. Results indicated that the static aspects of speech production were preserved, as Broca's aphasics seemed to be able to reach the articulatory configuration for the appropriate place of articulation. However, the dynamic aspects of speech production seemed to be impaired, as their productions reflected problems with the source characteristics of speech sounds and with the integration of articulatory movements in the vocal tract. Listener perceptions of the aphasics' productions were compared with acoustic analyses for these same productions. The two measures were related; that is, the spectral characteristics of the utterances provided salient cues for place of articulation perception. An analysis of the occurrences of errors along the dimensions of voicing and place showed that aphasics rarely produce utterances containing both voice and place substitutions. PMID- 6626949 TI - Alterations in connections of the corpus callosum following convergent and divergent strabismus. AB - The connectivity of the corpus callosum in visual cortical areas 17 and 18 was studied in normal cats, in cats reared with unilateral convergent or divergent surgically-induced strabismus, and in a Siamese cat. The extents of the callosal cell and terminal zones were determined following multiple injections of horseradish peroxidase and tritiated amino-acids into one hemisphere. Following surgically-induced strabismus, abnormally wide callosal cell zones were seen in both the left and the right hemisphere irrespective of the direction of eye misalignment. Abnormally wide callosal terminal zones were seen in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the deviating eye in cats reared with unilateral convergent and divergent strabismus. Abnormally wide callosal zones were seen in cats which had strabismus induced as late as postnatal day 36. In a Siamese cat with a naturally occurring convergent strabismus, callosal cells had a different distribution and were fewer in number compared to normal cats or cats with surgically induced strabismus. This implies that the abnormal callosal connectivity of Siamese cats is not a simple result of strabismus. PMID- 6626950 TI - HRP studies on thalamocortical neurons related to the cerebellocerebral projection in the monkey. AB - In monkeys (Macaca fuscata and mulatta), horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected in the cerebral cortices, areas 4 (medial and lateral parts), 5, 6 and 9 (a part just rostral to area 6), in which stimulation of cerebellar nuclei was known to elicit superficial or deep thalamocortical responses. Retrogradely labelled thalamic neurons consisted of two separate clusters of neurons, as judged by the continuity of labelled thalamic cells; lateral (VApc, VLo, VLm, VPLo, VPLc, LP) and medial (VAmc, X, Pcn, Cl, Pulo, Pulm, Pull, MD) ones. In each cluster, neurons in the medial portion tend to project on more rostral cerebral cortices than those in the lateral portion. In the lateral cluster, medially and laterally located thalamic neurons tend to project, respectively, on lateral and medial parts of a cortical area. Retrograde and anterograde labelling revealed that thalamocortical and corticothalamic projections are mostly reciprocal except CM which receives massive terminals from area 4 but projects scarcely on to the area. According to the references which have demonstrated terminations of cerebellothalamic neurons, thalamocortical neurons relaying the cerebellocerbral projection are presumed to be included in both the medial and lateral thalamic cell clusters mentioned above. The organization of cerebellothalamocortical projections appears more complicated and elaborated than that reported before. PMID- 6626951 TI - Terminal sprouting of mouse motor nerves when the post-synaptic membrane degenerates. AB - Injection of echothiophate, 4-aminopyridine and caffeine into the mouse calf produced necrosis in the endplate region of approximately 40% of soleus muscle fibres. Within two days terminal sprouting, as seen by zinc iodide/osmium tetroxide staining, had occurred at nearly a quarter of such endplates, but not at neighbouring intact ones. Almost half of these sprouts were greater than 50 microns in length. Terminal sprouting at degenerating endplates was also seen in identically treated silver-stained gluteus maximus muscles. Muscle degeneration caused by mechanical damage produced similar effects. In transverse sections of the gluteus maximus preparation, the terminals could be found within the necrotic muscle fibres, having penetrated the synaptic basal lamina. It is concluded that motor nerve terminals have an intrinsic tendency to grow, and are normally prevented from doing so by their formation of synapses with muscle fibres. Destruction of this relationship alone can cause terminal sprouting. PMID- 6626952 TI - A quantitative correlation of contour sensitivity with dendritic density in an identified visual neuron. AB - Crayfish sustaining fibers are visual interneurons that are tonically excited by increases in illumination within their receptive fields. The receptive fields of sustaining fibers (SFs) are correlated with the two-dimensional position of their dendritic fields within the central neuropil. Dendritic branching patterns and contour sensitivity maps were obtained for SF 019 in several preparations. The contour sensitivity along the dorsal-ventral visual arc (which intersects 019's receptive field) is positively correlated with the variations in the spatial frequency of 019's dendritic arbor along the dorsal ventral midline of the neuropil. We conclude that an SF's receptive field is determined by the position and extent of its dendritic field and that sensitivity variations within the receptive field are principally determined by changes in its dendritic density. PMID- 6626953 TI - Properties of cerebello-precerebellar reverberating circuits. AB - Intracellular recordings were made from neurons of the red nucleus (RN) in cats where the cerebellar cortical effects were removed by chronic ablation of the intermediate part of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum. A prolonged depolarization could be elicited by stimulating the nucleus interpositus (IP) of the cerebellum, nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (NRTP) and the nucleus reticularis paramedianus (PMRN). This prolonged depolarization was abolished after cooling the inferior and middle cerebellar peduncles and persisted after ablation of the cerebral sensorimotor cortex. The prolonged depolarization was also recorded intracellularly from IP neurons. It was concluded that the prolonged depolarization set up in RN neurons is due to the repetitive discharges of IP neurons which produces tonic bombardment onto RN cells. The mechanisms of the repetitive discharges of IP neurons are considered to be due to impulse reverberation via the IP. The dynamic properties of the reverberating circuits were characterized by regenerative behavior. Above and below threshold, there were two states, the excited state where many constituent neurons were active, and the resting state where all neurons were inactive. It was found that cats with chronically stimulated cerebral peduncle (CP), and tested in an acute experiment, showed sometimes effective for inducing the prolonged depolarization and repetitive discharges of RN neurons by stimulation of IP. The prolonged depolarization thus produced could be reversibly abolished by cooling the middle and inferior cerebellar peduncles. The possible constituent neurons of the reverberating circuits were investigated in light of previous physiological investigations of stimulating the NRTP, PMRN, nucleus reticularis lateralis (LRN), nucleus olivaris inferior (IO) and recording EPSPs in RN cells. The RN cells receive axon reflex activation from NRTP and PMRN, and disynaptic excitation from NRTP, PMRN, LRN and IO. Based on these and other available data, the components of the cerebello-precerebellar reverberating circuits are discussed. PMID- 6626954 TI - High-affinity binding of alpha-scorpion toxin: a neuronal property. AB - alpha-Scorpion toxin binding to its receptor--one component of the voltage sensitive sodium channel--was studied in an attempt to define its phenotypic specificity. To this end we investigated the ability of neuronal, glial myogenic and fibroblastic cell lines to bind alpha-toxin II, purified from venom of the scorpion Androctonus australis Hector. A single class of saturable high-affinity (Kd congruent to 1 nM) binding sites, was present only in cell lines exhibiting some of the characteristics of normal neuronal cells, such as the N18, NIE-115, NS20, BN10-10, NG108-15 and T28 cell lines. NIA-103, which is an electrically non excitable neuronal cell, gave negative results. In glial (G26-20, TR6B, C6) myogenic (T984) or fibroblastic (L) cell lines, we were unable to detect high affinity binding sites for alpha-scorpion toxin. Primary cultures of rat skeletal muscle cells were also negative. Thus specific binding in the nanomolar range seems to be selectively associated with the neuronal phenotype. alpha-Scorpion toxin binding was tested before and after induction of neurites: in N18, NIE-115, NS20 cell lines, the differentiation brought on an increase in the number of binding sites but had little effect on the dissociation constant; in the hybrids NG108-15 and T28 high affinity saturable binding sites were detectable after but not prior to morphological differentiation. PMID- 6626955 TI - Enhanced dopamine cell survival in reaggregates containing telencephalic target cells. AB - Dissociated, 14-day-old embryonic cells of the rostral mesencephalic tegmentum (RMT), including the dopamine neurons of this region, were allowed to reaggregate and develop in rotatory culture for 7 days in the presence of dissociated embryonic cells from the target areas of the dopaminergic neurons, corpus striatum (CS) or frontal cortex (FCx). Alternatively, RMT cells were allowed to reaggregate by themselves or in the presence of dissociated cells from a telencephalic area, occipital cortex (OCx), or mesencephalic area, tectum (T), which are not target areas for the dopamine neurons. Histofluorescence analysis revealed the number of dopamine neurons contained within reaggregates of any given type. Approximately 4 times as many dopamine neurons were found in RMT-CS coaggregates and 1.5 times as many in RMT-FCx coaggregates than in aggregates constituted from cells of the RMT either alone, or in coaggregates from RMT-OCx or RMT-T. Since axonal process formation and maintenance can only be observed in RMT-CS and RMT-FCx coaggregates, the enhanced dopamine neuron survival is probably due to an interaction of dopaminergic axonal processes with target cells within the reaggregates. PMID- 6626956 TI - Palmitate incorporation into different brain regions in the awake rat. AB - A quantitative method is presented to examine palmitate flux into a stable metabolic compartment in individual brain regions of awake rats. Following the i.v. injection of [14C]palmitate, brain radioactivity rose and then fell until, at 4 h, a stable concentration was reached that was maintained for up to 24 h. The flux of plasma palmitate into this 4 h compartment was calculated by dividing regional brain radioactivity at 4 h, as determined by quantitative autoradiography, by the integral of the plasma palmitate specific activity. Palmitate flux varied from 2.0 x 10(-5) mumol/g.s into the internal capsule to 9.3 x 10(-5) mumol/g.s into the arcuate nucleus, and generally was proportional to the regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose, as measured with 2-deoxy-D [1-14C]glucose. The results demonstrate that it is possible to determine unidirectional palmitate flux into a stable metabolic compartment in individual brain regions of awake rats, that flux into gray matter regions generally exceeds flux into white matter, and that palmitate flux is proportional to published values for regional brain oxidative metabolism. PMID- 6626957 TI - Lesions of the stria terminalis attenuate the amnestic effect of amygdaloid stimulation on avoidance responses. AB - The present study investigated the involvement of two amygdala pathways, the stria terminalis (ST) and the ventral amygdalofugal pathway (VAF), in the effect of post-training electrical stimulation of the amygdala on retention. Rats with implanted amygdaloid electrodes and ST lesions, VAF transections or sham pathway operations, were trained on an inhibitory avoidance task and an active avoidance task. Electrical stimulation of the amygdala was given immediately after training and retention was tested 24 h later. In rats with sham ST lesions, post-training amygdaloid stimulation impaired retention in both tasks. Lesions of the ST did not significantly affect retention in the unstimulated rats. However, the ST lesions attenuated the amnestic effect of amygdaloid stimulation. In rats with sham VAF transections, stimulation of the amygdala impaired retention in the inhibitory avoidance task but enhanced retention in the active avoidance task. Transecting the VAF impaired retention performance of the unstimulated rats in the inhibitory avoidance task. However, the VAF transections did not alter the effect of amygdaloid stimulation: in both tasks, the retention performance of stimulated rats with VAF transections did not differ from that of stimulated rats with sham transections. These findings suggest that the ST may be involved in mediating the influences of the stimulated amygdala in modulating memory storage processing in the brain. PMID- 6626958 TI - Organized projection of the goldfish saccular nerve onto the Mauthner cell lateral dendrite. AB - Application of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to the proximal end of the transected saccular nerve in the goldfish results in uptake by fibers projecting to the distal half of the Mauthner (M) cell's lateral dendrite. More discrete HRP injections reveal an organized projection from the saccular nerve onto the lateral dendrite, as small groups of stained fibers terminate there in restricted regions. The possibility that this represents a tonotopic projection onto the M cell is considered. PMID- 6626959 TI - Retrograde axoplasmic transport of toxic lectins is useful for transganglionic tracings of the peripheral nerve. AB - Wallerian degeneration in the primary afferents consequent to death of parental root ganglion cells was successfully traced up to the level of the nucleus gracilis, following intraneural injections of ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA 60 or RCA 120) into the sciatic nerve or its branches. This method serves as a novel way of tracing primary afferents in the CNS in strict concordance with their counterparts in the peripheral nerve. PMID- 6626960 TI - Myelin sheath thickness in the CNS is regulated near the axon. AB - Two myelin sheaths sharing a common outer tongue process are illustrated in a thin section electron micrograph from mouse optic nerve. Although they derive from the same outer tongue process, and therefore from the same oligodendrocyte, the two sheaths are of different thicknesses (6 and 9 turns). The example demonstrates that myelin sheath thickness is regulated independently for each axon, at a site very near the axon. PMID- 6626961 TI - A pretectofacial projection in the cat: a possible link in the visually-triggered blink reflex pathways. AB - A direct projection from the pretectum to the facial motor nucleus was shown to exist in the cat by the anterograde and retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) methods. Pretectofacial fibers arise from the olivary pretectal nucleus and end mainly in the dorsal division of the facial motor nucleus, bilaterally, with a contralateral predominance. It is known that the olivary pretectal nucleus receives retinal fibers, and that the dorsal division of the facial motor nucleus contains orbicularis oculi motoneurons. Thus, the pretectofacial fibers are assumed to cause protective lid closure with certain visual stimuli. PMID- 6626962 TI - Reorganization of cerebellorubral terminal fields following hemispherectomy in adult cats. AB - Tritiated amino acids were injected into the right nucleus interpositus of the cerebellum and the projections to the red nucleus were mapped autoradiographically in adult cats with ablation of the left cerebral hemisphere and in intact controls. In intact animals cerebellorubral terminals were found along the entire rostrocaudal extent of only the left red nucleus. The fields occupied a larger area and were apparently more dense toward the middle third of the nucleus. An outstanding change in hemispherectomized cats was a significant expansion of the terminal fields into the dorsal quadrants. Possibilities for morphological reorganization are discussed. PMID- 6626963 TI - Proprioceptive control of a muscle receptor organ in the locust leg. AB - In the locust hind leg a muscle receptor organ (MRO) consisting of a single multipolar sensory neuron and a receptor muscle spans the joint between coxa and trochanter. Several other proprioceptors of the same joint exert reflexes onto the single excitatory motoneuron specific to the receptor muscle. The resulting changes in muscular tension in turn strongly affect afferent discharge of the MRO. PMID- 6626964 TI - Cardiovascular afferent inputs to neurons in the ventrolateral medulla projecting directly to the central autonomic area of the thoracic cord in the cat. AB - Experiments were done in chloralosed, paralyzed and artificially ventilated cats to identify single units in the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) projecting directly to the central autonomic area of the thoracic cord (CA) and responding to peripheral and central inputs carrying cardiovascular information. Forty-three single units were antidromically activated in the VLM to stimulation of either ipsilateral or contralateral CA with latencies corresponding to conduction velocities of 27.5 +/- 2.0 m/s. Of these 43 units, only 14 (33%) responded orthodromically to stimulation of either the carotid sinus nerve (CSN) or of pressor sites in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) or both. These experiments have demonstrated a bilateral projection of VLM neurons to the CA and have provided evidence for their role in integrating and mediating cardiovascular information from the CSN and PVH directly to spinal sympathetic centers. PMID- 6626966 TI - The time-course of dorsal raphe discharge, PGO waves, and muscle tone averaged across multiple sleep cycles. AB - Long-term recordings of dorsal raphe (DRN) activity were obtained from cats chronically implanted with microwires. The continuous time-course of DRN discharge, PGO waves, and muscle tone was quantified across multiple sleep cycles. DRN activity profiles were inversely correlated with PGO waves, biphasically related to muscle tone, and varied with sleep cycle phase. The role of DRN as a putative regulator of behavioral state and/or specific physiological variables is discussed. PMID- 6626965 TI - Human cerebral potentials associated with REM sleep rapid eye movements: links to PGO waves and waking potentials. AB - Eye movement triggered averaging and topographic display techniques indicate the presence of parieto-occipital potentials that precede the rapid eye movements of human REM sleep. Since these potentials have strong similarities with PGO waves in animals, including lateralization according to eye movement (EM) direction, and with waking EM-antecedent potentials in man, this suggests that PGO-like activity both exists in man, and may be functionally related to EM-antecedent potentials in waking. The ability to detect such central potentials opens the possibility of studying REM sleep central physiological structure in a variety of normal and pathological conditions in humans. PMID- 6626967 TI - Neurotensin facilitates dopamine release in vitro from rat striatal slices. AB - Neurotensin, (0.1-10 microM) stimulated the release of [3H]dopamine from rat striatal slices in a calcium-dependent manner, and potentiated the K+-evoked release of [3H]dopamine and endogenous dopamine. This effect was dose-dependent, (1 nM-1 microM) with an EC50 of approximately 10 nM, and was mediated by means of a receptor of similar structure-activity profile to those described in other tissues. PMID- 6626968 TI - Physiological properties of ascending locus coeruleus axons in the squirrel monkey. AB - Discharge activity was recorded extracellularly from individual neurons of the nucleus locus coeruleus in anesthetized squirrel monkeys. These cells exhibited long-duration (2-3 ms) action potentials and discharged spontaneously in a slow (0.2-2 Hz) irregular fashion. Stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus evoked antidromic responses at latencies of 10-20 ms, indicating conduction velocities of over 1 m/s in some cases. The mean refractory period for these axons was 2.6 ms. When the rate of hypothalamic stimulation was increased from 1 to 10 Hz there was a 15-20% increase in antidromic latencies. These properties are similar to those previously observed for rat LC neurons, except that conduction velocities are higher in monkey. PMID- 6626969 TI - Catecholamines and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase in selected brain nuclei and in the pineal gland of neurogenically hypertensive rats. AB - Catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine) and the epinephrine forming enzyme, phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT, E.C. 2.1.1.28) were measured in selective brainstem and hypothalamic nuclei and in the pineal gland of acutely (3 days after operation) and chronically (2 weeks after operation) neurogenically hypertensive (sinoaortically denervated, SAD) rats. Alterations in catecholamine levels and in PNMT activity were restricted to a few brain nuclei and the pineal gland, and were dependent on the time elapsed since SAD. Our results suggest a participation of discrete hypothalamic norepinephrine and brainstem epinephrine neurons in the development and maintenance of neurogenic hypertension. PMID- 6626970 TI - Depression of activities of dorsal horn convergent neurones by propriospinal mechanisms triggered by noxious inputs; comparison with diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC). AB - The ability of heterotopic noxious stimuli to inhibit the activity of dorsal horn convergent neurones was investigated in both intact anesthetized, and spinal unanesthetized rats. Forty-four convergent neurones in lumbar dorsal horn were recognized by their ability to respond to both noxious and non-noxious natural stimuli and by their characteristic responses corresponding to A- and C-fibre activity following electrical stimulation of their cutaneous excitatory receptive fields on the ipsilateral hindpaw. The application of a sustained pinch to the excitatory receptive field resulted in an initial phasic activation of the neurone, which adapted to a stable tonic level of activity (mean 31.8 +/- 2.2 spikes/s). The levels of activity produced in this fashion were not appreciably different between the two types of preparation. In the intact anesthetized rat, the tonic activity produced by the sustained pinch could be strongly depressed by noxious conditioning stimuli applied to various parts of the body for all 10 neurones studied: heating the tail or pinching the contralateral hindpaw, the tail or a forepaw during 30 s each resulted in comparable inhibitions which had mean values in the order of 80% and which were always marked by post-effects lasting for upwards of 30 s. These inhibitory effects have been called Diffuse Noxious Inhibitory Controls (DNIC). In the spinal unanesthetized rat, the tonic activity was depressed to some extent by the same conditioning stimuli, for only 16/34 neurones studied. By comparison with the intact animals these inhibitions were weak, adapted to base-line levels within 30 s and were more marked for conditioning stimuli applied to structures proximal (tail, contralateral hindpaw) to the excitatory receptive field than for stimuli applied more distally (forepaws). The differences between the inhibitions found in the intact and spinal preparations were subsequently confirmed in a series of experiments in which single convergent neurones were studied before and after the pharmacological blocking of the cervical spinal cord in anaesthetized rats. The results in the spinal preparations provide evidence for the existence of some propriospinal modulatory processes, triggered by the onset of noxious stimulation and acting on convergent neurones. These processes appear to be different from those mediating DNIC, which have been shown to involve supraspinal structures, to concern all convergent neurones, to be very potent and associated with long lasting post-effects whether the conditioning noxious stimuli are applied to parts of the body proximal or distal to the excitatory receptive field. PMID- 6626971 TI - Lateral reticular regions and the descending control of dorsal horn neurones of the cat: selective inhibition by electrical stimulation. AB - In barbiturate-anaesthetized cats, brainstem sites were electrically stimulated while studying the synaptic responses of lumbar dorsal horn neurones. The excitation of these neurones by impulses in unmyelinated primary afferents was selectively inhibited by stimulation of the ventrolateral medulla in the region of the caudal lateral reticular nucleus. The significance of this inhibition was heightened by the finding that stimulus currents producing inhibition from this area were less effective in the raphe region and not effective at intervening or dorsal sites. Bilateral lesions of the inhibition-producing ventrolateral sites reduced tonic descending inhibition of the responses of dorsal horn neurones to impulses in C fibres. The lateral reticular regions of the medulla may thus exert a considerable control over the transmission of nociceptive information in the cat spinal cord. PMID- 6626972 TI - A reciprocal axonal connection between the subthalamic nucleus and the neostriatum in the cat. AB - Injections of wheatgerm agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) into several small regions of the head and body of the caudate nucleus and the putamen of the cat result in retrograde cell-labeling of neurons in the ipsilateral subthalamic nucleus. A mediolateral but no rostrocaudal or dorsoventral topography is apparent in the subthalamostriatal projection. Anterograde transport of WGA-HRP and autoradiography after [3H]amino acid injection of the caudate suggest also a reciprocal striatosubthalamic projection. PMID- 6626973 TI - Quantitation of synaptic vesicle antigen in rabbit superior colliculus during normal development and after neonatal visual cortical lesion. AB - Radioimmunoassay of a synaptic vesicle-associated antigen (SV Ag) using monoclonal antibodies was used to study synapse formation in the rabbit superior colliculus (SC). Normal postnatal development was compared with development following unilateral neonatal visual cortex lesion. Neonatal lesion of the visual cortex prevents the cortical innervation of the SC, which normally accounts for 35% of the total SV Ag levels in the rabbit SC. Following such lesions, a small but significant increase in SV Ag levels over that in normally innervated SC was observed. These observations suggest that competition between retinotectal and corticotectal inputs may be required for normal development of synaptic connections in the SC. PMID- 6626974 TI - Neurons in the superior colliculus of echo-locating bats respond to ultrasonic signals. AB - Using conventional electrophysiological techniques, we demonstrate that neurons in the superior colliculus of the big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) respond to ultrasonic signals. Most response properties of these neurons are very similar to neurons of the inferior colliculus in the same bat. PMID- 6626975 TI - Estrogen induction of progestin receptors in pituitary, hypothalamic and uterine cytosol of androgenized female rats. AB - Female rats treated neonatally with a single dose (1.25 mg/animal) of testosterone propionate and ovariectomized when adult did not respond to a priming dose (20 micrograms/animal) of estradiol-17 beta 3-benzoate and subsequent application of progesterone (2.5 mg/animal) 72 h later with an afternoon surge of luteinizing hormone, which could be induced by the same hormonal regimen in neonatally oil-treated long-term ovariectomized female rats. However, both treatment groups responded equally well to the estrogen stimulus with an increase in cytosolic progestin receptors in hypothalamic and pituitary, as well as uterine tissue. It therefore seems unlikely that the observed loss of sensitivity of the gonadotropin release mechanism in neonatally androgenized, estrogen-primed female rats to a progesterone stimulus can be explained by a loss of progestin receptor induction capacity of estrogen/progestin target tissues involved in gonadotropin secretion. PMID- 6626976 TI - Influence of acetylcholine on neuronal activity in monkey orbitofrontal cortex during bar press feeding task. AB - Cholinergic involvement in feeding-related neuronal activity was investigated in the orbitofrontal cortex (OBF) of the behaving monkey by means of a microiontophoretic application of acetylcholine (ACh) and atropine. The activity of ACh sensitive cells did not correlate with any particular event during the bar press feeding task. Atropine blocked the excitatory response to ACh and task events. The results suggest that the cholinergic system in the monkey OBF regulates excitatory neuronal responses in several phases of motivated behavior. PMID- 6626977 TI - Elevated glucose utilization in subfornical organ and pituitary neural lobe of the Brattleboro rat. AB - Homozygous Brattleboro rats have a genetic inability to synthesize vasopressin and therefore manifest the signs and symptoms of diabetes insipidus. Measurement of local cerebral glucose utilization in these rats has revealed increases specifically localized to the subfornical organ and pituitary neural lobe. Vasopressin replacement reverses the increased glucose utilization only in the subfornical organ. The results suggest that vasopressin regulates the rate of glucose metabolism in the subfornical organ. PMID- 6626978 TI - Naloxone pretreatment alters the local cerebral metabolic effect of gamma hydroxybutyrate in rats. AB - The effect of naloxone on gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)-induced cerebral metabolic depression was studied in rats with the 2-[14C]deoxyglucose method. Naloxone pretreatment statistically significantly antagonized the cerebral metabolic effect of GHB in 10 of 38 structures examined. These results are consistent with previous data showing reversal of the dopaminergic, electroencephalographic, and behavioral effects of GHB by naloxone and suggest that some of the neuropharmacological effects of GHB are mediated by the endogenous opiate system. PMID- 6626979 TI - In vitro measurement of cytosol and cell nuclear androgen receptors in male rat brain and pituitary. AB - An in vitro assay procedure is described for measuring androgen receptor binding in cytosol and cell nuclei of brain and pituitary tissue using [3H]R1881 as ligand. The cell nuclear assay uses the exchange method, which permits assessment of endogenous occupancy of androgen receptors in brain and pituitary. Competition and saturation analysis indicated that [3H]R1881 binding has the specificity and nanomolar affinity expected of an androgen receptor. Moreover, we demonstrated that androgen receptor binding predominated in cytosol from castrated rats and in cell nuclei of male rats treated in vivo with testosterone. Furthermore, as expected, testicular feminized male rats showed low levels of putative androgen receptors in both cytosol and cell nuclei. PMID- 6626980 TI - Proteolytic conversion of arginine-vasotocin by synaptic membranes from rat and chicken brain. AB - This paper reports studies on the biotransformation of the nonapeptide arginine vasotocin (AVT) by both rat and chicken brain synaptic membranes. The fragments which were formed during digestion of AVT1-9, were isolated by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and chemically characterized by amino acid composition, NH2-terminal amino acid residues and the presence of 14C radioactivity of the residue glycinamide-9. The major peptide fragments of AVT were: (formula; see text) Time course experiments showed the precursor-product interrelationships between these peptides. The results demonstrate that the conversion of AVT by synaptic membranes involves primarily the action of aminopeptidase activity. Comparison between membrane fractions from rat and chicken brain showed that AVT is converted by a similar proteolytic mechanism in chicken brain, but that differences in activity of the aminopeptidase exist. The results are discussed in view of the concept that AVT serves as precursor for neuropeptides with differential activities in non-mammalian vertebrates. PMID- 6626981 TI - Glucocorticoids modulate the response of ornithine decarboxylase to unilateral removal of the dorsal hippocampus. AB - The effect of unilateral removal of the dorsal hippocampus and of glucocorticoid administration was measured on the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in the remaining contralateral hippocampus lobe. Unilateral hippocampectomy (Hx) resulted in a rapid rise of ODC activity in the contralateral lobe. The effect on ODC was maximal at 6 h after surgery and lasted two days. In the absence of the adrenals the effect of Hx on the enzyme was more potent and more prolonged. Elevated ODC activity was still detectable at 5 days after surgery, but not at 10 days. Chronic replacement with dexamethasone (DEX) offered in drinking water decreased the Hx-induced ODC response of ADX rats at 3 days after surgery to the level of enzyme activity observed in the S-ADX Hx subject. The effect of the steroid seemed related to the extent of occupation of the pool of glucocorticoid receptor sites in cytosol of rat hippocampus. In contrast, a single injection of a high dose of DEX to Hx-ADX animals at 3 days after surgery increased ODC activity in addition to the lesion-induced ODC in the contralateral lobe. It is concluded that after unilateral removal of the dorsal hippocampus ODC is a biochemical marker for cellular responses taking place in the contralateral lobe. Glucocorticoids modulate the lesion-induced ODC response. PMID- 6626982 TI - Supraspinal connections of neurones in the thoracic spinal cord of the cat: ascending projections and effects of descending impulses. AB - Single unit electrical activity has been recorded extracellularly from 103 neurones in the thoracic spinal cord of decerebrate cats. The responses of these neurons to electrical stimulation of cutaneous and visceral afferent fibres, their projection through ascending sensory pathways and the effects of descending impulses on the neurones have been studied. Of the 103 neurones recorded, 45 (43.7%) responded only to activation of cutaneous afferent fibres ('Somatic' neurones). Their recording sites were located mainly in laminae II, III and IV of the dorsal horn. The remaining 58 neurones (56.3%) responded to stimulation of cutaneous and visceral afferent fibres ('Viscero-somatic' neurones). Their recording sites were located in laminae I, V, VII and VIII of the grey matter. Sixteen neurones had axons projecting through ascending pathways: 6 were post synaptic dorsal column cells (PSDC), 2 were spino-cervical tract cells (SCT), 5 projected through the contralateral ventro-lateral funiculus (VLQ) and 3 through the ipsilateral dorso-lateral funiculus (DLF). All PSDC cells were somatic and all VLQ neurones were viscero-somatic. Reversible spinalization of the animals by cold block resulted in a selective increase of the responses of viscero-somatic neurones to cutaneous and visceral C-fibre input. In some viscero-somatic neurones, cold block induced a reduction or abolition of the visceral input suggesting its mediation via supraspinal loops. Electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral DLF evoked non-specific inhibitions of all inputs to viscero-somatic neurones. These results are discussed in relation with the mechanisms of visceral sensation. PMID- 6626983 TI - Cholinergic and GABAergic forebrain projections to the habenula and nucleus interpeduncularis: surgical and kainic acid lesions. AB - The forebrain cholinergic and GABAergic projections to the habenula and nucleus interpeduncularis have been investigated by means of surgical and kainic acid lesions. Bilateral transection of the stria medullaris caused a 50% decrease of choline acetyltransferase in both the habenula and nucleus interpeduncularis, and a 65% decrease of glutamate decarboxylase in the habenula. Electrolytic lesions of the posterior septum (nucleus triangularis septi and nucleus septo-fimbrialis) accounted for at least 30-40% decrease of the cholinergic parameter in the habenula and nucleus interpeduncularis. Moreover, the choline acetyltransferase decrease in the habenula appeared restricted to the medial part of the nucleus. Kainic acid injections causing very large neuronal destruction in the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca, and more than 70% decrease of choline acetyltransferase in the dorsal hippocampus, did not affect the cholinergic parameter in either the medial or lateral habenula or nucleus interpeduncularis. Kainic acid injections in the nucleus entopeduncularis resulted in a 40% decrease of glutamate decarboxylase in the habenula. Kainic acid injections in the nucleus of the diagonal band were accompanied by a 40% decrease of glutamate decarboxylase in the medial subdivision only. The present study points at the nuclei of the posterior septum as the source of a major cholinergic projection to the habenula and nucleus interpeduncularis, and reveals a previously unsuspected GABAergic input from the nucleus of the diagonal band to the medial habenula. PMID- 6626984 TI - Variation of amount of muscle discharges during ballistic isometric voluntary contraction in man. AB - The effect of force velocity on the relation between voluntary force exertion and amount of muscle discharge was investigated. Surface e.m.g. from the adductor pollicis muscle and voluntary force curve were recorded simultaneously. Examined forces were selected from 500 to 3500 g at the peak force (about 30% of MVC) with time to peak of force curve between 60 ms and 500 ms. The amount of discharge during slow ramp contraction increased with the force increment. In ballistic contractions there was a wide variation in both the amount and rate of discharge. It is suggested that the modes of motor unit activities are different between force exertion with time to peak of less than 150 ms and force exertion with time to peak of over 150 ms. PMID- 6626986 TI - Transection of subfornical organ neural connections diminishes the pressor response to intravenously infused angiotensin II. AB - Knife-cut lesions were used to assess the participation of the subfornical organ (SFO) in the central pressor action of intravenously administered angiotensin. Knife-cuts of the ventral stalk of the SFO significantly attenuated pressor responses during infusion of 3 doses of angiotensin, although responses to bolus injections were unaffected. These results are consistent with previous work in implicating the SFO as an important mediator of the central pressor action of circulating angiotensin. PMID- 6626985 TI - Reduction of cortical dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin and their metabolites in Parkinson's disease. AB - Dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid, noradrenaline, serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations were measured in several cortical areas, hippocampus and, for comparison, in the caudate nucleus, from control subjects and parkinsonian patients. Substantial amounts of these compounds were detected in hippocampus, and entorhinal, cingulate and frontal cerebral cortices of control subjects. In patients who had discontinued L-DOPA at least 4 days before death (group I), the levels of dopamine and its metabolites were reduced in these cortical areas, although to a lesser extent than in the caudate nucleus. In patients on continuous L-DOPA treatment (i.e. having received the last dose of L-DOPA 0-24 h before death, group II), cortical dopamine levels were less reduced than in group I patients and dopamine metabolite levels were similar to those of controls. The ratio of the concentrations of homovanillic acid to dopamine was increased in the caudate nucleus and entorhinal cortex but not in the other cortical areas of group I parkinsonian patients. Cortical noradrenaline concentrations were also diminished, the decrement being similar in groups I and II. A reduction of serotonin and its metabolite in the caudate nucleus and hippocampus and a diminution of serotonin levels in the frontal cortex were observed in group I patients. In these patients, the 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid to serotonin ratio was increased in the caudate nucleus and frontal cortex but not in the other cortical areas. The results are discussed in relation to the pathophysiology of the psychiatric and cognitive disturbances observed in some parkinsonian patients. PMID- 6626987 TI - Terminal degeneration in supraoptic nucleus following subfornical organ lesions: ultrastructural observations in the rat. AB - A projection from the subfornical organ (SFO) to the supraoptic nucleus, recently identified in light microscopic studies, was examined at the ultrastructural level following lesions in SFO. After 18-36 h, axon terminal degeneration was identified in axosomatic contacts with supraoptic neurosecretory neurons, and in axodendritic contacts within and around the supraoptic nucleus. These observations confirm a monosynaptic pathway from SFO to supraoptic neurosecretory neurons that may participate in the release of vasopressin following activation of angiotensin II receptors in SFO. PMID- 6626988 TI - Normal proliferation rate of galactocerebroside positive oligodendrocytes in brain cell cultures of the hypomyelinated mouse mutant jimpy. AB - Proliferation of oligodendrocytes from the jimpy (jp) hypomyelinated mouse mutant was studied in dissociated brain cell cultures. This was done by combining anti galactocerebroside (GC) immunostaining (for identifying oligodendrocytes) with [3H]thymidine autoradiography (for identifying proliferating cells). Previously we showed that the expression of GC in culture by jp oligodendrocytes is not altered by the jp mutation. Present results show that in 7-, 14- and 21-day-old jp cultures oligodendrocytes proliferate at a rate similar to that of normal GC+ oligodendrocytes. This indicates that, in jp brain cell cultures, oligodendrocytes which are not affected by mutation in their capability to express GC are also unaffected with regard to their proliferation rate. PMID- 6626989 TI - Effect of naloxone on a quickly learned conditioned suppression in rats following cessation of chronic haloperidol treatment. AB - Rats showed marked suppression of motor activity when placed in the cage where they were previously shocked. When 14 days of consecutive administration of haloperidol was terminated, the conditioned suppression was significantly reduced. Such an effect of chronic haloperidol treatment was antagonized by pretreatment with naloxone. Thus, it is possible that the opiate-like system is involved in a part of the reduction of conditioned suppression. PMID- 6626991 TI - Short-term effects of intrahypothalamic colchicine. AB - Colchicine was injected in the vicinity of the medial forebrain bundle to cause an accumulation of catecholamines in the lateral hypothalamus proximal to the injection site. Such injections caused severe deficits in consummatory behavior and motor performance within a few hours after injection, which were accompanied by the accumulation of catecholamines in the hypothalamus. Behavioural deficits occurring within 24 h after colchicine injection cannot be attributed to reduced synaptic transmission in the striatum or to dopamine depletion because these events do not commence until 24-48 h after colchicine administration. This study demonstrates the importance of considering all neurochemical changes which accompany catecholamine depletion when assessing the role of the catecholamine containing system in the regulation of behaviour. PMID- 6626990 TI - An endogenous inhibitory factor for choline acetyltransferase. AB - Chromatography of partially purified choline acetyltransferase (CAT) over carboxymethyl cellulose may result in the loss of up to 95% of the enzyme activity. This loss of activity can be prevented by running the chromatographs at low protein concentration with a large gradient volume suggesting that interactions between CAT and other endogenous proteins are involved in the mechanism of inactivation. Further experiments showed that CM-cellulose chromatography separates an endogenous inhibitory factor(s) and an endogenous activating factor(s) which protects the enzyme from the action of the former. The inhibitory factor elutes with CAT and produces almost complete inactivation unless the protein concentration is maintained below 0.05 mg/ml. Mixing experiments demonstrated that the activating factor is capable of blocking the effect of the inhibitory factor. The low degree of temperature dependence of the inhibitory factor essentially rules out the possibility that the inhibitor is a proteolytic enzyme. The I50 was estimated to be 10(-7) M or less suggesting a possible physiological role of these factors in the regulation of CAT activity. PMID- 6626992 TI - Specificity of antisera prepared against pure bovine MAO-B. AB - Antisera have been prepared against purified bovine MAO-B that appear to react selectively with MAO-B and not MAO-A, Rabbit and mouse antisera indirectly immune precipitated [125I]bovine MAO-B using inactivated Staphylococcus aureus cells, and binding of antibodies to bovine and rat MAO-B did not inhibit enzyme activity. Two continuous rat cell lines, hepatoma line MH1C1 and glioma line C6, were used to elucidate the specificity of the antisera. MH1C1 cells, which express both MAO-A and MAO-B, showed immune-specific staining with rabbit antiserum, and staining was blocked with pure MAO-B. Further, MAO-B activity and [3H]pargyline-labeled MAO molecules could be immune precipitated from solubilized mitochondrial preparations of MH1C1 cells; and immune fixation of mitochondrial proteins following SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed staining of the MAO-B, but not of the MAO-A, flavin-containing subunit. In contrast, no immune-specific immunocytochemical staining was observed in C6 cells, which have only MAO-A activity; no MAO-A activity or [3H]pargyline-labeled MAO could be immune precipitated from solubilized mitochondrial preparations of these cells, and no stained bands were observed for mitochondrial proteins resolved by SDS-PAGE and processed for immune fixation. Further support for the selectivity of this antiserum for MAO-B comes from immunocytochemical staining of rat tissues which express varying amounts of MAO-A and MAO-B activities. Hypothalamus and liver, with high levels of MAO-A and MAO-B activities showed a large number of immunoreactive cells, whereas spleen, heart and superior cervical ganglia, with high MAO-A and low MAO-B activities showed only a few or no stained cells. Catecholamine neurons in the substantia nigra, thought to contain MAO-A, did not show immune-specific staining. Skeletal muscle cells with low MAO-A and MAO-B activities did not stain. These studies provide additional evidence that MAO-A and MAO-B are distinct molecules, differentially expressed in different cell types. PMID- 6626993 TI - Identification and localization of concanavalin A binding sites on isolated postsynaptic densities. AB - Synaptic fractions of decreasing morphological complexity were prepared by phase partitioning of synaptic membranes in an aqueous two-phase polymer system containing increasing concentrations of the neutral detergent n-octylglucoside (OG). The morphology, distribution of concanavalin A binding sites (CABS) and protein and glycoprotein composition of the resultant fractions were examined. The lowest concentration of OG employed (0.5% w/w) gave fractions enriched in relatively intact junctions retaining both pre- and postsynaptic structures. Increasing the detergent concentration resulted in the stepwise solubilization of pre- and postsynaptic structures until purified postsynaptic densities (PSDs) were obtained with 1% (w/w) OG. CABS were generally distributed on all membrane structures present in the 0.5% OG fraction, were restricted to synaptic structures in the fraction obtained with 0.75% OG, and were localized to the convex (outer) surface of purified PSDs. Gel electrophoretic analysis showed that the restriction of CABS to the region of the synapse was associated with a marked increase in the concentration of glycoproteins with apparent molecular weights of 180,000 and 130,000. These glycoproteins were retained, and further concentrated in the purified PSD fraction. PMID- 6626994 TI - Role of the otolith organs in generation of horizontal nystagmus: effects of selective labyrinthine lesions. AB - Selective labyrinthine lesions were made to study the origin of excitation in the labyrinth during off-vertical axis rotation. Plugging the semicircular canals abolishes the response to rotation about a vertical axis, but optokinetic after nystagmus (OKAN) and the sustained horizontal nystagmus induced by off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR) are maintained. After cutting the nerves of the lateral semicircular canals, neither horizontal OKAN nor the continuous horizontal nystagmus associated with off-axis rotation can be induced, although vertical OKN, OKAN and vestibular nystagmus are intact. This supports the theory that labyrinthine activity responsible for the nystagmus induced by OVAR arises in the otolith organs and couples to the oculomotor system through the velocity storage mechanism. PMID- 6626995 TI - Nystagmus generated by sinusoidal pitch while rotating. AB - Sinusoidal pitch while rotating about a vertical axis in darkness causes continuous horizontal compensatory nystagmus in the monkey which persists for the duration of stimulation. The steady-state velocity sums with post-rotatory nystagmus to reduce or cancel it, suggesting involvement of the velocity storage mechanism. Analysis of the labyrinthine excitation during pitch while rotating suggests that the vertical canals play a predominant role in generating the response. Effects of selective labyrinthine lesions are in agreement with this hypothesis. Plugging the lateral canals, leaving the vertical canals intact, blocked the initial rapid response at the onset of rotation, but did not interrupt the continuous nystagmus induced by pitch while rotating. On the other hand, plugging the vertical canals abolished the response. If the lateral canal nerves were cut so that the velocity storage mechanism was inactivated, the continuous response to pitch while rotating also disappeared. The dominant labyrinth activation responsible for the nystagmus during pitching while rotating appears to arise in the vertical semicircular canals and to couple to the oculomotor system through the velocity storage mechanism. PMID- 6626996 TI - Interactions between intraspinal Schwann cells and the cellular constituents normally occurring in the spinal cord: an ultrastructural study in the irradiated rat. AB - Relationships between intraspinal Schwann cells and neuroglia, particularly, astrocytes, were studied following X-irradiation of the spinal cord in 3-day-old rats. Initially, this exposure results in a depletion of the neuroglial population. By 10 days post-irradiation (P-I), gaps occur in the glia limitans, although the overlying basal lamina remains intact. Development of and myelination by intraspinal Schwann cells is well underway by 15 days P-I. These Schwann cell-occupied regions have a paucity of astrocyte processes, a finding which persists throughout the study (60 days P-I), and several types of Schwann cell-neuroglial interfaces are observed, including: (1) astrocyte separation of Schwann cells from oligodendrocyte-myelinated regions; (2) intermingling of Schwann cell-myelinated axons and oligodendrocyte-myelinated axons in the absence of astrocyte processes; and (3) ensheathment of unmyelinated axons by astrocyte processes which separate these axons from the Schwann cells. The gaps in the glia limitans widen as the P-I interval increases. At 45 and 60 days P-I, the basal lamina no longer forms a singular, continuous covering over the spinal cord surface, but follows instead a rather tortuous course over the disrupted glia limitans and the intraspinal Schwann cells. Although the mode of initial occurrence of Schwann cells within the spinal cord is not yet understood, the data indicate that the astrocyte population is involved in that process, as well as in limiting the further development of Schwann cells within the substance of the spinal cord. PMID- 6626997 TI - Multi-whisker stimulation and its effects on vibrissa units in rat SmI barrel cortex. AB - Ceramic piezoelectric 'bimorphs' were used to construct multiangular mechanical stimulators which are small enough to attach to separate, adjacent vibrissae on the mystacial face pad of rodents. Use of two stimulators to independently deflect pairs of whiskers revealed that the responses of SmI cortical vibrissa units are determined by the direction in which both hairs are moved, the spatial sequence of the displacements, and the particular combination of whiskers that are stimulated. The stimulators can thus serve as the basic elements in a large array of independently controllable whisker deflectors. PMID- 6626998 TI - The acetylcholinesterase abnormality in dystrophic mice is a reflection of a maturational defect. AB - Juvenile mice of the ReJ/129 strain exhibit a distribution of acetylcholinesterase molecular forms that is similar to the pattern previously observed in dystrophic mice. The change to an adult distribution of the enzyme occurs at about 3 weeks of age which is also when dystrophic signs first become evident. It is suggested that dystrophic mouse muscle fails to mature with respect to the molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase. PMID- 6626999 TI - Temporal summation in rat prefrontal pyramidal cells. Differential effects of pre and postsynaptic neurochemical manipulations. AB - The influence of both reserpine-induced depletion of catecholamines and chlorpromazine-induced blockade of dopamine receptors on integrative properties of rats prefrontal pyramidal cells was studied by evocating threshold direct cortical responses with different trains of electrical pulses. Catecholamine depletion results in increased pulse train stimulating currents for eliciting threshold cortical responses, whereas chlorpromazine blockade of dopamine receptors results in higher time constants characterizing postsynaptic temporal summation. It is suggested that the leaky-integrator neuron model may be a discriminating paradigm for detecting electrophysiologically the pre- or postsynaptic level of occurrence of some synaptic disorders. PMID- 6627000 TI - Ca2+ and pH affect the neurite formation in cultured mollusc isolated neurones. AB - Neurite formation in neurones isolated from adult molluscs in culture has been shown to depend on the total content of Ca in the cells, intracellular Ca2+ concentration, intracellular acid-alkaline balance, extracellular pH, and the capacity and composition of buffers. The neurones with a low total Ca content prior to cultivating (1.2 mmol/kg) and low buffer capacity of cytoplasm (pH artificially shifted to the acidic level) possess the most pronounced capability of neurite regeneration. Optimal media for neurite regeneration appear to contain sodium bicarbonate as a buffer either alone or with small additions of organic buffers (1.5-3 mM) at pHs increasing from 7.6 to 8.2 under equilibrium with air. In the absence of sodium bicarbonate, when only organic buffers are used (Tris HCl; HEPES-Na2CO3), at constant pH values ranging from 7.5 to 8.2, no neurites are formed. Artificial enhancement of intracellular Ca2+ concentration at the beginning of culture completely inhibits neurite outgrowth, and when applied on the third to fifth days of culture, it causes retraction of the neurites already formed. Neurones loaded with calcium (10 mmol/kg) form no neurites regardless of medium composition and concentrations of buffers used at pHs ranging from 7.5 to 8.2. The results obtained allow to suggest that neurite regeneration is controlled by Ca2+- and pH-regulating intracellular systems. PMID- 6627001 TI - The effect of carotid artery ligation on brain blood flow in newborn piglets. AB - The common carotid artery is often ligated and used to introduce a left ventricular catheter to perform blood flow studies with radioactive-labeled microspheres. In order to determine whether this procedure alters brain blood flow, 6 newborn piglets were studied. Five measures of brain blood flow were performed in each study; once before and then 4 times (at 20 min intervals) after ligation of the left common carotid artery. Ventilation was controlled using nitrous oxide and oxygen while the hematocrit was kept stable by intermittent transfusions. Brain blood flow was found to remain constant over the duration of the study. No differences in blood flow were found between the right and left sides of the brain. The data indicate that use of a common carotid artery for purposes of left ventricular catheterization do not alter the blood flow to the brain when the microsphere method is used. This facilitates surgical preparation when small animals are used for studies of brain blood flow hemodynamics. PMID- 6627002 TI - A visual pathway that mediates fear-conditioned enhancement of acoustic startle. AB - Eighty rats received 10 light-shock pairings on two successive days. Seventy-two h after the final training session, subjects received lesions directed at the primary visual areas (deep and superficial layers of the superior colliculus, dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, pretectal nuclei, visual cortex and thalamic reticular nucleus) and at the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus and reticularis pontis caudalis, proposed components of a primary acoustic startle circuit in the rat. Control animals were sham operated. One day later, all animals were tested for startle by presenting noise bursts of 3 different intensities in the presence or absence of the light conditioned stimulus. Potentiated startle (the difference between light-noise vs noise-alone trials) was significantly attenuated or eliminated by lesions directed at the dorsal nucleus of the lateral geniculate, deep layers of the superior colliculus, visual cortex, and the posteroventral region of the nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. Lesions directed at pretectal nuclei, superficial layers of the superior colliculus, thalamic reticular nucleus, nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis or dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus did not attenuate potentiated startle. The results suggest that the visual pathway that mediates potentiated startle goes from the retina to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus to visual cortex to deep layers of superior colliculus and down to the postero-ventral region of the lateral lemniscus where acoustic startle is modulated. PMID- 6627003 TI - PGO waves in rats in the non-paradoxical sleep states. AB - Experiments were conducted in rats in order to characterize further the occurrence of PGO waves recorded from the region of the locus coeruleus, which were elicited by auditory stimuli. Repeated stimulus presentations at regular interstimulus intervals resulted in a consistent, state-dependent pattern in the occurrence and amplitudes of elicited PGO waves. The probability of eliciting a PGO wave was lowest during paradoxical sleep and highest immediately afterwards. This was followed by a gradual decline in responding during the ensuing period of slow-wave sleep. These results were obtained regardless of at what point in the rats' sleep cycles presentations of the auditory stimuli began. In other experiments, a comparison of elicited PGO waves with the acoustic startle reflex revealed major differences between these 2 responses. PGO waves could be elicited with very low intensity stimuli that were below the threshold for producing a behavioral response, while much louder stimuli were required to elicit a startle. The startle reflex habituated in a linear fashion and did not display state related changes. It was concluded that elicited PGO waves are an electrophysiological sign of sensory responsiveness, and that their spontaneous appearance during and preceding paradoxical sleep reflects endogenously generated reticular activation. PMID- 6627004 TI - Superior laryngeal nerve response patterns to chemical stimulation of sheep epiglottis. AB - Responses were recorded from single fibers of the sheep superior laryngeal nerve during stimulation of the epiglottis with 0.5 M KCl, NH4Cl, NaCl and LiCl, distilled water, 0.005 M citric acid, and 0.01 N HCl. Recordings were made from both lambs and ewes. KCl elicited a response from 99% of fibers followed in order of effective stimulation by NH4Cl, HCl, distilled water, citric acid, NaCl and LiCl. Analysis of the variation in response frequency with time demonstrated differences in the response patterns for these stimuli. The pattern of frequency over time is sufficient to discriminate among the salts, between some of the salts and acids, and between some of the salts and water. Therefore the response pattern may be significant in initiating the various reflex activities that occur during chemical stimulation of the larynx. PMID- 6627005 TI - Brain metabolic responses to ischemia in the mongolian gerbil: in vivo and freeze trapped redox scanning. AB - The interrelation between the metabolic responses to ischemia and seizure propensity was studied in two groups of seizure prone (SP) and non-seizure prone (NSP) gerbils. The metabolic state was evaluated in vivo using the light guide surface fluorometry as well as in the frozen brain scanned at liquid N2 temperature for Fp/PN ratio after monitoring the brain in vivo. The results could be summarized as follows. (1) Unilateral carotid artery occlusion led to partial ischemia in the ipsilateral hemisphere while the contralateral hemisphere remained normoxic. (2) Animal variability in the degree of the ischemia insult due to unilateral occlusion was not side dependent or in correlation with seizure propensity. (3) Significant correlation was found between the NADH increase during ischemia and the redox state measurements done in the same brain after funnel freezing with liquid nitrogen. (4) In a large number of the gerbils (not depending on the origin or strain) a peculiar inter-hemispheric blood supply connection was found. A narrow band (1 mm in width) of tissue near the midline obtained its blood via the same vessels supplying the contralateral hemisphere. (5) We did not find any correlation between blood vessel anatomy to the brain and seizure propensity. PMID- 6627006 TI - Organization of spinal motor nuclei in the stingray, Dasyatis sabina. AB - The Atlantic stingray, Dasyatis sabina, has enlarged pectoral fins consisting of a series of antagonist dorsal (elevator) and ventral (depressor) muscles. Each muscle is divided into superficial and deep components. The retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used to determine the organization of motoneuron pools innervating fin and epaxial muscles. HRP applied to a single peripheral nerve labeled motoneurons within a single spinal segment. Following intramuscular injection of HRP, 3 distinct cell groups were identified in the transverse plane. Motoneurons innervating elevator muscles were lateral in the ventral horn, while motoneurons innervating depressor muscles were dorsomedial. The epaxial muscles were found to be innervated by a distinct cell column along the ventral border of the ventral horn. Separate injections of the superficial and deep bundles of the elevator muscle resulted in considerable overlap in the distribution of labeled motoneurons. Soma areas for both elevator and depressor motoneurons were unimodally distributed. The mean cell diameters were 33.6 and 31.8 micron respectively. Motoneurons innervating the superficial and deep bundles of elevator muscle also had similar size distributions. The location of motoneurons innervating elevator and depressor fin muscles in the stingray supports the hypothesis that motoneurons innervating muscle derived from the dorsal premuscle mass are located laterally in the ventral horn while motoneurons innervating muscle derived from the ventral premuscle mass are located medially. PMID- 6627007 TI - Characterization and regional distribution of serotonin S2-receptors in human brain. AB - [3H]Ketanserin binding was characterized in vitro in human brain homogenates and the regional distribution of the sites was determined. In human brain, [3H]ketanserin was found to bind on serotonin (5-HT) S2-receptors; only 5-HT antagonists competed with the labelled ligand at nanomolar concentrations; other drugs were much less active or inactive. Special attention was paid to the choice of a displacer, here methysergide, to determine the blank value (non-displaceable binding). [3H]Ketanserin binding in human brain displayed similar binding characteristics to the S2-receptor in the rat frontal cortex, high affinity (Kd 0.69 nM) and relatively slow dissociation rate. The regional distribution of serotonin S2-receptors labelled with [3H]ketanserin was studied in 30 different regions of human brain. The highest number of receptors was measured in the cortex. However, within the cortex the distribution was also inhomogeneous, a much lower number of sites being found in the pre- and post-central gyri. In the dopaminergic areas and the cerebellum the number of sites was quite low, and only few binding sites were detected in the corpus callosum, the medulla and the hypophysis. The large number of serotonin S2-receptors in the human cortex suggests that serotonin has an important role in this brain region. PMID- 6627008 TI - High histamine levels in specific hypothalamic nuclei of Brattleboro rats lacking vasopressin. AB - Histamine levels were determined in whole hypothalamus and specific hypothalamic nuclei of male 9-week-old homozygous Brattleboro rats lacking vasopressin and presenting the syndrome of diabetes insipidus (DI rats). These levels were compared to those in heterozygous Brattleboro rats with a partial deficit in vasopressin (HZ rats) and those in Long Evans control rats (LE rats). In whole hypothalamus, histamine levels in DI rats were higher than those found in HZ and LE rats. DI rats showed histamine levels higher than those present in LE rats in the nuclei supraopticus, paraventricularis and suprachiasmatis and in the area retrochiasmatica. Vasopressin replacement produced a selective decrease in histamine levels of DI rats, restricted to the area retrochiasmatica and nuclei supraopticus and paraventricularis. In contrast, vasopressin increased histamine levels in the area retrochiasmatica and eminentia mediana of HZ rats. In other areas normally rich in vasopressin such as the nucleus arcuatus and the eminentia mediana, the histamine content was not different among LE, HZ or DI rats. Our results suggest a physiological interaction between vasopressin and histamine systems in specific hypothalamic areas of the rat and support the hypothesis of a role of brain histamine on the central control of water balance. PMID- 6627009 TI - A selective decrease of cholinergic muscarinic receptors in the visual cortex of adult rats following developmental lead exposure. AB - The effects of low-level developmental lead (Pb) exposure (postnatal days 0-21) on the binding of [3H]quinuclidinylbenzilate (QNB) and on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the retina, superior colliculus, lateral geniculate nucleus and visual cortex (VC) were studied in the adult rat. Maximal blood and tissue Pb concentrations (50-60 micrograms %) were reached on day 21 and decreased to control levels (4-5 micrograms %), except in the retina (12 micrograms %) and VC (18 micrograms %; 0.87 microM), by day 90. A large decrease in [3H]QNB binding ( 38%) and AChE activity (-29%) was found only in the VC of Pb-exposed rats. Scatchard plots of saturation binding data revealed a decrease in the density (Bmax), but not in the affinity (Kd), of the muscarinic receptors. Pb (10(-4)-10( 9)M) had no effect on [3H]QNB binding or AChE activity in VC membrane preparations from control rats. The mechanism accounting for this selective decrease of cholinergic muscarinic receptors in the VC is presently unknown. These results, in combination with those from our psychophysical and pharmacological studies demonstrating a scopolamine supersensitivity in Pb exposed rats, suggest that the long-term effects of developmental Pb exposure are due to a direct action of Pb on visual cortex cholinergic neurons. PMID- 6627010 TI - Responses of monkey prefrontal neurons during a visual tracking task reinforced by substantia innominata self-stimulation. AB - The role of the substantia innominata (SI) in the generation of a behavior mediated by the prefrontal (PF) cortex was examined in two Japanese monkeys. PF neuronal activities related to a visual tracking task by wrist movement were recorded and neural responses to SI stimulation were analyzed. Sixty-six neurons showed task-related activity and were classified into 3 types. Type 1 (n = 31) showed transient activation during the movement. Type 2 (n = 26) showed gradually increasing activity before the reward presentation. Type 3 (n = 9) showed tonic activation from the GO signal to the reward presentation. Antidromic and orthodromic responses to SI stimulation were observed in every type. In Type 1, the percentage of antidromically activated neurons (26%) was similar to that of orthodromically activated ones (16%), but in Type 2, 83% of responding neurons showed antidromic responses, and 56% of Type 3 showed orthodromic responses. These results show that the different types of PF neurons have different anatomical relations to SI. Although orthodromically activated neurons were fewer than antidromically activated neurons, many orthodromically activated neurons showed movement-related activity. This suggests that ICSS at SI facilitates the generation of the behavior through the afferent pathway to PF. PMID- 6627011 TI - The neural basis of footshock analgesia: the role of specific ventral medullary nuclei. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that brief front paw shock produces opiate analgesia while brief hind paw shock produces non-opiate analgesia in rats. Additionally, front paw shock and hind paw shock can produce an opiate-mediated classically conditioned analgesia; that is, when shock is delivered to an animal, environmental cues become associated with this stimulus such that these cues become capable of producing potent opiate analgesia in the absence of shock. Investigations of the neural bases of these phenomena have revealed that front paw shock and classical conditioning lead to activation of supraspinal sites which mediate analgesia via descending pathways lying solely within the dorsolateral funiculus (DLF) of the spinal cord. Hind paw footshock induced analgesia (FSIA) is also mediated by a descending DLF pathway but is unlike front paw FSIA or classically conditioned analgesia in that it involves intraspinal pathways as well. The aim of the present series of experiments was to identify the supraspinal origin of the centrifugal DLF pathway mediating front paw (opiate) FSIA, hind paw (non-opiate) FSIA, and classically conditioned (opiate) analgesia. These studies examined the effect of electrolytic lesions of the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM), nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis (PGC), and combined lesions of these two areas (nucleus raphe alatus, NRA) on these environmentally-induced analgesias. The results of this work indicate that the NRA is the origin of the spinal cord DLF pathway mediating front paw (opiate) FSIA and classically conditioned (opiate) analgesia. Hind paw (non-opiate) FSIA is also mediated, in part, by the NRA but must involve another, yet unidentified, brainstem site(s) as well. PMID- 6627013 TI - Direct retinal projections to the lateroposterior and pulvinar nuclear complex (LP-Pul) in the cat, as revealed by the anterograde HRP method. AB - Retinal projections to the lateroposterior and pulvinar nuclear complex (LP-Pul) in the cat were studied using anterograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) tracing. After injecting HRP into the vitreous cavity of one eye, HRP-labeled presumed axon terminals were found in the LP-Pul bilaterally, with a contralateral predominance. The areas of distribution of these terminals were seen as a thin sheet at the lateral extreme of the LP-Pul, and as a few small spots within the LP-Pul, especially in the regions along the dorsomedial border of the caudal part of the LP-Pul. PMID- 6627012 TI - The neural basis of footshock analgesia: the effect of periaqueductal gray lesions and decerebration. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that brief front paw shock and brief hind paw shock produce potent opiate and non-opiate analgesia, respectively. Front paw footshock-induced analgesia (FSIA) and hind paw FSIA are similar in that each is mediated by a medullospinal pathway. A question which arises is whether these opiate and non-opiate descending pathways are activated in direct response to afferent information from the spinal cord or whether indirect activation via more rostral centers is required. The first experiment examined the effect of lesions of the rostral periaqueductal gray (PAG) and caudal PAG on front paw (opiate) FSIA and hind paw (non-opiate) FSIA. In no case did PAG lesions markedly reduce the magnitude of these pain inhibitory states. Since this result raised the possibility that rostral centers may not have any major involvement in the production of these phenomena, the second experiment examined the effect of decerebration on front paw FSIA and hind paw FSIA. Decerebration effect on hind paw FSIA and, at most, produced only a very modest decrease in front paw FSIA. The fact that potent and prolonged analgesia can still be elicited after decerebration clearly demonstrates that limbic, cortical, thalamic, and rostral midbrain structures are not critical to the production of these pain inhibitory effects. Thus this work provides the first demonstration of opiate and non-opiate analgesia systems within the caudal brainstem and spinal cord which can be activated by environmental stimuli. PMID- 6627014 TI - Interactions among convergent inputs to somatosensory cortex neurons. AB - Postsynaptic potentials (psps) produced by electrical stimulation of 4 forelimb nerves were recorded intracellularly from neurons in the primary somatosensory cortex of sodium pentobarbital anesthetized cats. Convergent inputs were found from nerves subserving different modalities and different regions of the forelimb. Psps from separate afferent sources usually did not sum linearly but rather interacted with one another. These interactions could have occurred at the cortical level or earlier in the ascending pathways and are interpreted with regards to the control of somatosensory responsiveness by multiple converging inputs. PMID- 6627015 TI - Interhemispheric and subcortical collaterals of single cortical neurons in the adult cat. AB - The results of this study demonstrate the existence of single neocortical neurons that send axon collaterals into the corpus callosum, to terminate within the contralateral hemisphere, and subcortically, to terminate within the ipsilateral superior colliculus. PMID- 6627016 TI - Transitional properties of afferents reinnervating mechanoreceptors in the human glabrous skin. AB - The technique of percutaneous microneurography was used to record in man from single mechanoreceptive afferents during the early stages of reinnervation. Although response properties were in several ways comparable to normal and to those of afferents studied long after nerve repair, two abnormalities were found: multiple receptive field innervation by single afferents (RA, SAI), and response fatigue with repeated stimulation (SAI). These abnormalities are considered transitional, disappearing when reinnervation is complete. PMID- 6627017 TI - Commissural afferents to the rat hippocampus terminate on vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactive non-pyramidal neurons. An EM immunocytochemical degeneration study. AB - In the rat hippocampus, bipolar non-pyramidal neurons in stratum radiatum and stratum oriens and multipolar neurons in stratum lacunosum-moleculare react for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) immunostaining, but pyramidal cells do not. Such bipolar VIP-like immunoreactive neurons in strata radiatum and oriens of regio superior were studied by electron microscopy for synaptic contacts with commissural afferents. The commissural fibers were identified by their anterograde degeneration induced by contralateral fimbria transections 2 days before sacrifice. Electron-dense degenerated boutons of commissural origin were found in synaptic contact with the cell bodies and dendrites of the VIP-like immunoreactive non-pyramidal cells. PMID- 6627019 TI - Time course of the changes of catecholamine levels in rat brain during swimming stress. AB - The time course of the changes in the levels of adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine was investigated in rat hypothalamus, ponsmedulla and midbrain during 4 h swimming at 35 degrees C. The adrenaline levels showed gradual decrease whereas the noradrenaline and dopamine levels were kept in almost steady-state during the swimming. These findings suggest that brainstem adrenaline levels are not so fast adaptive as the noradrenaline and dopamine levels under the stress. PMID- 6627018 TI - Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase in the rat brain: coexistence with vasopressin in small neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. AB - We demonstrated the coexistence of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) and arginine-vasopressin in neurons of the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus of Sprague-Dawley rats. Neurons that lacked monoamines but expressed immunoreactivity to the enzyme AADC occupied the rostral and caudal poles of the suprachiasmatic nucleus and mediodorsal and dorsolateral positions along the entire extent of the nucleus. AADC was also localized in similar neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of rats from other strains including the homozygous Brattleboro rat. PMID- 6627020 TI - Aminooxyacetic acid provides transient protection against seizures induced by hyperbaric oxygen. AB - In an attempt to demonstrate a protective effect against convulsions induced by hyperbaric oxygen (OHP), aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA at 2.5 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously to 60 white leghorn cockerels (aged 21-28 days) at periods of 1-72 h before exposure to OHP. A transient protection was noted 1-8 h after administration of the AOAA. This took the form of a 51-67% increase in the latent period before OHP induced convulsions began. By 12 h after injection, the protective effect had disappeared. Thereafter a phase of increased susceptibility to hyperbaric oxygen commenced. This phase lasted for at least a further 60 h. PMID- 6627021 TI - Effects of stroboscopic rearing on the response properties and laminar distribution of single units in the rabbit superior colliculus. AB - Single neurons were recorded from the superior colliculus of rabbits reared in a stroboscopically illuminated environment, and data were compared with recordings made from the superior colliculus of normally reared rabbits. Some of the consequences of strobe rearing were observed in all laminae of the superior colliculus: direction selectivity was abolished, receptive field size was increased and there was an increase in the proportion of cells responding more strongly to the offset than to the onset of light. Other consequences of strobe rearing were observed selectively in specific laminae of the superior colliculus. Among cells influenced by a stroboscopic stimulus, cells in SGSu were more often responsive to the strobe stimulus, whereas cells in SGS1 were more often strobe inhibited. In layers deep to SO, equal numbers of cells showed strobe responsivity and strobe inhibition. Inhibitory surround organization was more strongly affected by strobe rearing in the deep layers, and external inhibition was abolished in layers deep to SO. The results indicate that strobe rearing has significant effects on responsivity to stroboscopic illumination, and on several other receptive field characteristics including direction selectivity, receptive field size, surround inhibition and responsivity to light offset. The data are discussed with reference to the role of the cortico-collicular projection. PMID- 6627022 TI - Axolemmal differentiation in myelinated fibers of rat peripheral nerves. AB - In developing rat peripheral fibers, nodal specialization appears early, prior to myelin compaction, and is first detected as a junction between the axon and the overhanging Schwann cell process characterized by a uniformly wide (approximately 18 nm) intercellular gap containing a patchy dense substance and a cytoplasmic undercoating subjacent to the axolemma. The gap width is rather consistent but the axolemmal undercoating is more variable and lower in density than that found at more mature nodes of Ranvier, and it is also highly variable in length, ranging from 0.5 to 3 micron. The outermost Schwann cell layer is usually prominent with a large volume of cytoplasm and many organelles. In freeze fracture replicas, modal specializations are characterized by accumulations of large (approximately 10 nm) particles in the axolemma, especially the E face, but immature nodes generally have a lower particle concentration than mature nodes. No node-like particle aggregates have been found in axons not intimately associated with Schwann cells. Mature paranodal axon-Schwann cell junctions are usually formed first by the loops closest to the node and are characterized by a 2-3 nm gap between the apposed membranes, periodic intercellular densities (transverse bands) in the gap and cisternae flattened against the junctional Schwann cell membrane. The loops further removed from the node display a wider gap containing irregularly spaced or diffuse intercellular densities, or none. Mature junctions appear relatively late in the rat, and it is not unusual to find developing nodes with several Schwann cell loops present that do not indent the axolemma significantly and are not associated with the paracrystalline pattern characteristic of the mature junctional axolemma. In such instances, the nodal particle aggregates do not have sharply circumscribed boundaries. The majority of the developing nodes are asymmetric with one paranodal segment more mature than the other. PMID- 6627023 TI - Regeneration of three populations of olfactory axons as a function of temperature. AB - Following injury near the mucosa, 3 populations of regenerating axons have been shown to invade successively the olfactory nerve. At 21 degrees C, each of the first 2 phases (I and II) represents 3-5% of the original axonal population. Phase III corresponds to the massive arrival of new axons and contains 50-70% of an intact nerve axonal population. The influence of temperature on the elongation rates of these 3 phases of growing fibers has been followed from 10 to 35 degrees C. No regeneration occurs at 10 degrees C. Between 14 and 31 degrees C the elongation velocity of the most rapidly growing fibers (phase I) increases linearly from 1.6 to 10.3 mm/day. These values are identical to the rates of slow intra-axonal flow measured in all 3 phases of regenerating axons. In the same range of temperature, the elongation velocity of the other two populations, increases exponentially from 0.5 to 9 mm/day for phase II and from 0.3 to 6.3 mm/day for phase III. Above 33 degrees C, rates of phases II and III fibers do not reach the values predicted from the exponential functions. The 3 phases fused as a single axonal population whose elongation velocity was shown at 34 and 35 degrees C to increase linearly according to the equation defined for phase I. Since a similar rate of slow flow was measured in all 3 populations, it can be concluded that slow flow defines the upper limit of the elongation velocity of a regenerating fiber. However, other factors acting on the regenerating neuron (mainly protein synthesis), might prevent it from reaching the maximal possible elongation velocity. PMID- 6627024 TI - Selective groups of neuronal and mesodermal cells recognized early in grasshopper embryogenesis by a monoclonal antibody. AB - Our aim in generating monoclonal antibodies against the grasshopper nervous system is to identify molecules expressed early in neuronal development. A crude homogenate of the adult nervous system was used as the immunogen, and the hybridoma supernatants were screened on young grasshopper embryos. Here we report on the I-5 monoclonal antibody, which recognizes an antigen appearing in an interesting pattern of ectodermal and mesodermal cells early in the embryonic development of the grasshopper. Amongst the cells stained are the pioneer neurons in the central nervous system and the periphery, and the muscle pioneers. PMID- 6627025 TI - The pattern of sensorineural degeneration in the cochlea of the deaf shaker-1 mouse: ultrastructural observations. AB - Experiments were done to extend existing knowledge on the nature and course of postnatal sensory and neural changes in the inner ear of shaker-1 mutant mice. Mice, 3-, 6-, 10-, 12-, 18-, and 30 days old, homozygous for the sh-1 gene, were studied using transmission electron microscopy. The data indicate retarded development coupled with the early onset of progressive degeneration in Corti's organ its nerve supply, and the cells of the spiral ganglion. Especially noteworthy are the following: in 3-day-old mice both outer hair cells and spiral ganglion cells are already abnormal. The latter are especially loosely ensheathed by glial cells and are in direct contact with nerve fibers. Outer hair cells contain vacuoles and lysosomes. By 6 days of age inner hair cells come to be similarly affected. By 18 days most of the afferent nerve supply of the organ of Corti has degenerated. The behavior of efferents within the organ is complex. Efferents arrive late (day 12) at the outer hair cells, they are few in number, form only immature synapses with the cell, and they subsequently degenerate. In contrast, the efferent nerve supply of the inner hair cell appears normal, if not over-abundant. The simultaneous occurrence of organ of Corti and spiral ganglion cell anomalies is discussed in terms of the role of sensorineural interactions in the expression of genetic defects affecting the inner ear. The selective degeneration of efferents to outer hair cells is viewed as being consistent with the hypothesis that there are two independent efferent systems which innervate the two types of cochlear sensory hair cells. PMID- 6627027 TI - The postnatal metabolic development of the nucleus commissuralis and nucleus medialis of the nucleus tractus solitarius. AB - The ontogeny of the metabolic requirements in the nucleus commissuralis (NC) and nucleus medialis (NM) of the nucleus tractus solitarius was studied in the postnatal rat using the [3H]2-deoxy-D-glucose autoradiography technique. It was found that the metabolic requirements in the NC and NM are not constant between 2 and 12 weeks of age. A high level of metabolic activity at 2 and 8 weeks is contrasted by a lower level at 4 and 12 weeks. The apparent changes in metabolic requirements are not related to the changes in blood pressure of the rats or neuronal densities of the subnuclei which occur as the rats mature, or to exchange vessel densities of the subnuclei. Thus the higher energy requirements of the NC and NM at 2 and 8 weeks of age suggest that developmental and/or functional processes are more active at these stages. PMID- 6627026 TI - Expression of GFAP immunoreactivity during development of long fiber tracts in the rat CNS. AB - Astrocyte maturation in the developing corpus callosum and dorsal columns of the spinal cord was studied immunocytochemically in the rat, using antiserum to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) with a view to determining the relationships of astrocytes to the advancing axons of the corpus callosum and corticospinal tract. Between the eighteenth and nineteenth days of gestation, when the corpus callosum commences forming, most of the GFAP staining in the cerebral hemispheres is contained in radial processes, but some staining of glial cell bodies is also seen in the ventricular zone. At the region of interhemispheric fusion, where the corpus callosum will form, an accumulation of astrocytic processes demonstrable electron microscopically shows light immunocytochemical staining for GFAP. These processes do not adopt a stereotyped orientation. Rather, the overall impression as one moves towards the midline, is of radially disposed processes being disrupted and disoriented by the growing callosal axons at the fusion of the hemispheres. At no time can any orderly arrangement of GFAP-containing processes be seen which might indicate that the processes are serving to guide the growing axons across the midline. There is no immunoreactive staining of cell bodies or processes ventral to the corpus callosum, except in postnatal animals. Prior to the arrival of corticospinal axons in the spinal cord on the first postnatal day (PO)21, GFAP immunoreactivity is greatest in radial processes of the lateral funiculi and in the dorsal median septum. Oblique or vertical processes increase in the cuneate fasciculus from P0 tot P4 but do not appear in the gracile fasciculus until P4. Virtually no stained processes appear in the region to be traversed by the principal corticospinal tract, nor later in the tract itself until late in postnatal development. Only by 3 weeks postnatal is the adult pattern of GFAP staining observed in the corticospinal tract. These results also indicate that the expression of GFAP immunoreactivity is a relatively late phenomenon in astrocytes associated with advancing axons and implies that this aspect of astrocytic maturation is unrelated to any guidance that the immature astrocytes might provide for the growing axons. PMID- 6627028 TI - Influences of isoproterenol pretreatment on cerebral cortical bindings of [3H]clonidine and [3H]dihydroalprenolol in infant and adult rats. AB - Specific bindings of [3H]clonidine and [3H]dihydroalprenolol [( 3H]DHA) to crude synaptic membranes were measured after cerebral cortical slices or synaptic membranes were pre-incubated with isoproterenol, 200 microM at 37 degrees C for 40 min, in 7- and 70-day-old rats. Isoproterenol caused a significant increase of the Bmax value of [3H]clonidine binding sites at both days 7 and 70, without changing the Kd. Scatchard analysis of [3H]clonidine binding to adult synaptic membranes which was examined by using a wide range of [3H]clonidine concentration (0.05-15 nM), showed that the Bmax in only high-affinity binding sites was 4-fold increased by pretreatment of synaptic membranes with isoproterenol 200 microM. In contrast, the Bmax of [3H]DHA binding sites was significantly reduced by isoproterenol at 7 and 70 days. These results suggest that the possible interrelationship between beta- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors which exists in synaptic membranes, matures by day 7 in the cerebral cortex of rats. PMID- 6627029 TI - Diabetes-associated hypothalamic neuronal depopulation in the aging Chinese hamster. AB - Age- and diabetes-associated changes in the neuronal density and area of the ventromedial (VMH) and arcuate (ARC) nuclei of the Chinese hamster hypothalamus were analyzed morphometrically. Neuronal density peaked much sooner in diabetic animals than in matched controls, and subsequently declined at a faster rate than did aging, control animals. Nuclear area measurements were depressed in diabetic animals as compared with controls. These findings indicate that diabetes has severe effects on nuclear maturation and dynamics in the Chinese hamster, which may be causally associated with impaired hypothalamus-pituitary function. PMID- 6627030 TI - Survival of HRP-labeled spinal motoneurons of chick embryo in tissue and cell cultures. AB - Motoneurons in the lumbar spinal cord of chick embryos 6 days old, the age when their cell death starts, were labeled in vivo by retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and then cultured as cord fragments or isolated cells. In Eagle's minimum essential medium with no additives, spinal cord cells survived well, but among them, the survival of HRP-labeled motoneurons was poor. Muscle-conditioned medium and a mixture of horse serum (HS) and whole chick embryo extract (CEE) promoted motoneuron survival in both suspension culture of spinal cord fragments and monolayer culture of spinal cord cells. It appeared that multiple factors may be involved in the increased extent of motoneuron survival, because HS or CEE alone showed only weak activity in contrast with the combination of HS and CEE. PMID- 6627031 TI - A diffusible molecule may mediate glutamate neurotoxicity. AB - Purified neuronal cultures from 8-day chick embryo neural retinas were incubated in either serum-free N1 or N1 supplemented with heart extract. The addition of glutamate decreased neuronal survival only in the presence of heart extract; however, if heart extract was dialyzed, neuronal survival remained at control values. This suggests a diffusible molecule may mediate glutamate neurotoxicity Kainic acid decreased neuronal survival in all conditions tested. PMID- 6627032 TI - Anomalies of neuroepithelial cell associations in the Splotch mutant embryo. AB - Neuroepithelial development in Splotch mutant mouse embryos was examined using SEM and TEM. Unlike unaffected littermates, Sp/Sp embryos exhibited extensive neural tube closure defects, disorganization and misalignment of neuroepithelial cells in regions with open defects. Neuroepithelial cell processes often made lateral progress in these areas rather than maintaining their normal contact with the luminal surface. In addition, intercellular space was considerably increased and there were many ectopic cell processes in basal regions of affected areas. The role of altered cell-cell interactions in neurulation is considered. PMID- 6627033 TI - Infrapyramidal mossy fibers in the hippocampus of methylazoxymethanol acetate induced microcephalic rats. AB - Treatment of pregnant rats with methylazoxymethanol acetate results in the invasion of mossy fibers into the infrapyramidal region of the hippocampus in the offspring. Since such an invasion of mossy fibers has also been reported in neonatal hyperthyroidism, prenatal ethanol exposure and neonatal lesion of CA3, a common etiology for this phenomenon is proposed. PMID- 6627034 TI - A short duration GABAergic inhibition in identified neostriatal medium spiny neurons: in vitro slice study. AB - Inhibition in the neostriatum was investigated in rat in vitro slice preparation using intracellular recording and labeling technique. The initial response recorded following local stimulation is a monosynaptically activated EPSP. In 17% of the neurons tested, IPSPs were observed following EPSPs evoked by local stimulation. In paired shock experiments reduction of test EPSP amplitude or action potentials occurred over interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of 3-38 msec. In some neurons, a pulse injection of depolarizing current was used to trigger an action potential which was in a paired shock, used to condition a test monosynaptically induced EPSP. Test EPSPs were shunted over ISIs less than 45 msec. Paired shock performed on the slices perfused with the medium containing GABA antagonists (e.g., bicuculline methiodide, picrotoxin, or penicillin-G) resulted invariably in potentiation of test EPSPs. Inhibition in the neostriatum in vitro is demonstrated as reduction in test amplitude in paired shock tests, by the presence of IPSPs and by the shunting of EPSPs conditioned by an action potential triggered by direct depolarization. Neurons exhibiting these forms of inhibition were intracellularly labelled with HRP and identified as medium spiny neurons. These results indicate that striatal GABAergic medium spiny neurons which are known to have an extensive axon collateral plexus play in a role in a short lasting inhibition observed in the striatum. PMID- 6627035 TI - Inhibition of long-term memory formation in the chicken by anti chick Thy-1 antibody. AB - Anti-chick Thy-1 antibodies administered close to a single trial passive avoidance learning task in day-old chicks resulted in inhibition of long-term memory formation. The retention time course was comparable to that obtained with the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin. The amnestic effect of the anti-chick Thy-1 antibody appears to be mediated solely by immunoglobulin G, and is species specific since anti-rat Thy-1 antibodies did not produce amnesia. The results are consistent with a three stage model of memory formation, suggest a role for glycoproteins in long term memory formation, and emphasise the potential of neuroimmunological tools for investigating the neurological bases of memory formation. PMID- 6627036 TI - Intersex difference in striatal amphetamine concentration is independent of age. AB - Amphetamine sulfate (1.0 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to two groups of male and female rats, 5 and 15 weeks of age. After 30 minutes, striata were removed and analyzed for amphetamine concentrations using gas-liquid chromatography. Females were found to have significantly higher levels of amphetamine regardless of age. These results indicate that mechanisms other than drug disposition are responsible for the previously reported behavioral sex differences that occur after administration of amphetamine. PMID- 6627037 TI - Peripheral DA receptor blockade facilitates behavioural recovery from nigrostriatal damage. AB - Animals were injected via the intraperitoneal route with the peripheral dopamine receptor blocker domperidone for three days before receiving bilateral lesions of the lateral hypothalamus. Pretreatment with domperidone significantly facilitated recovery from lesion imposed deficits in consummatory behaviour and motor reflex control. The enhanced behavioural recovery achieved with domperidone pretreatment was similar to that which occurs with other dopamine receptor blockers but such recovery has been attributed to the central effects of these compounds. The results from this study demonstrate that recovery from catecholamine depleting lesions, attributed previously to the development of striatal receptor hypersensitivity, may also be due to changes in dopamine receptors outside the blood-brain barrier. PMID- 6627038 TI - Electrophysiology of taste-mediated functions in parabrachial nuclei of behaving rabbit. AB - A single-unit analysis of parabrachial (PBN) neuronal activity associated with orolingual response to auditory-cued intraoral injections of basic type tastants and water revealed 7 major functional types of neurons. Several types dealt with mechanoreceptive orosensory input from superficial and/or deep receptors and from proprioceptors (possibly joint receptors). Some were multimodal in sensitivity. In one type, thermal or gustatory input acted to inhibit movement-related excitation in activity. Three types of taste-sensitive elements were distinguished. "Movement-taste sensitive" elements showed relations to orolingual movement and hedonic properties of fluid input. These cells may contribute to motivational control of licking activity. A tentative distinction was drawn between "taste-hedonic" and "taste" elements. One type responded to water and showed a bias toward hedonic properties of tastants. The other type exhibited no response to water and smaller responses to tastants that had no hedonic relationship. Both, however, had common properties, including inhibitory modulation of activity in apparent anticipation of fluid delivery. In addition to serving as a gustatory relay, PBN act to integrate orolingual response to taste and other orosensory input, and may operate as an output mechanism in the ventral forebrain control of ingestive behavior. PMID- 6627040 TI - Neurological assessment. AB - Neurological assessment of certain movement disorders is described with emphasis on Parkinson's disease. In addition, abnormal behavior and changes in affect are given. Changes in neurological status, i.e., Bradykinesia, rigidity, gait changes, hand-writing irregularity, postural reflexes are outlined. The differential diagnosis of the disease is also indicated in addition to prognosis and to the biochemical correlates of Parkinson's disease. PMID- 6627039 TI - The central actions of glycine and strychnine on prolactin and LH secretion. AB - Unanesthetized diestrous female rats were tested for the prolactin response following an intraventricular injection of several doses of the neuroinhibitory amino acid glycine, and the antagonist strychnine. Glycine in doses of 1.0 or 0.1 mumoles increased pituitary prolactin release, significantly elevating plasma hormone levels. Direct pituitary effects for glycine were not observed. Strychnine, a glycine antagonist, was effective in blocking the prolactin release caused by glycine in doses as low as 5 nmoles. Intraventricular glycine administration did not alter pituitary LH release significantly. These studies suggest a central stimulatory role for the neuroinhibitory amino acid glycine in provoking prolactin secretion, and that this effect is strychnine sensitive. PMID- 6627041 TI - Evaluation and differential diagnosis of movement disorders: a flow chart approach. AB - This paper presents a flow-chart approach for evaluation and diagnosis of movement disorders MD. It serves as a simple guideline for physicians to evaluate and diagnose patients with MD. It consists of a master flow chart with a step-by step process for evaluation, a check list table for recording the abnormal findings, a chart for identifying the underlying medical and neurological diseases grouped under the major types of MD, and a table on the drug-induced MD. PMID- 6627042 TI - Management of extrapyramidal disease in the family medicine clinic. AB - In extrapyramidal disease there is need for continuing care by the primary family physician over the years. The patient will need medication checks, emotional support, and be educated on how to perform tasks of everyday living. There is great emotional impact on the family. The family's understanding of medication and illness is essential in order to foster independence. Care of the chronically ill will become an increasing problem as the mean age of the population rises. PMID- 6627043 TI - Clinical features of movement disorders. AB - The descriptive aspects of all types of movement disorders and their related syndromes and terminologies used in the literature are reviewed and described. This comprises the features of (a) movement disorders secondary to neurological diseases affecting the extrapyramidal motor system, such as: athetosis, chorea, dystonia, hemiballismus, myoclonus, tremor, tics and spasm, (b) drug induced movement disorders, such as: akathisia, akinesia, hyperkinesia, dyskinesias, extrapyramidal syndrome, and tardive dyskinesia, and (c) abnormal movements in psychiatric disorders, such as: mannerism, stereotyped behaviour and psychomotor retardation. It is intended to bring about a more comprehensive overview of these movement disorders from a phenomenological perspective, so that clinicians can familiarize with these features for diagnosis. Some general statements are made in regard to some of the characteristics of movement disorders. PMID- 6627044 TI - Case vignettes of movement disorders. AB - This paper reports five movement disorders cases to serve as a basis for discussion of the problems encountered in the clinical management of these cases, and the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in these disorders as presented. Case 1 is a description of the subjective experience of a patient with acute orofacial dystonia from promethazine. Case 2 is the use of clonazepam is post head injury tics. Case 3 is the complication from discontinuation of haloperidol and benztropine mesylate treatment. Case 4 is myoclonus in subacute sclerosing Panencephalitis, and Case 5 is rebound tremor from withdrawal of a beta adrenergic blocker. PMID- 6627045 TI - Alterations in CNS amine levels by acclimatization to hypobaric hypoxia. AB - Rabbits were acclimatized to simulated high altitude (SHA) (hypobaric hypoxia) at 6000 M (350 torr) on alternate days for 70 days. The norepinephrine levels of the midbrain were lower in the acclimatized animal compared to the controls (p less than 0.06) and 3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) was significantly higher (p less than 0.04) in the striatum of control than in the test animals. The mean dopamine (DA) levels in the striatum of the test animals were higher than the controls. The ratio of DOPAC/DA was 2.0 for the controls and 0.4 for the SHA brains which suggests reduced dopamine turnover in the striatum of the SHA rabbits. Rats acclimatized in the same manner did not show any difference in the NE or DA levels between the control and SHA animals, possibly the result of species differences. PMID- 6627046 TI - [Circadian rhythm of the chief gastric cells of the rat fed ad libitum under normal light conditions]. PMID- 6627047 TI - [Changes in the acetylcholinesterase activity of the blood from the cervix uteri cervical insufficiency]. PMID- 6627048 TI - [Isolation of multiresistant pneumococci from clinical material]. PMID- 6627049 TI - [Juvenile familial nephronophthisis in two siblings. Contribution to the functional examination of the kidney]. PMID- 6627050 TI - [Long-term results of microanastomosis in the network of cerebral vessels]. PMID- 6627051 TI - [Changes in vaginal biocenosis after administration of the preparation econazol nitrate]. PMID- 6627052 TI - [Dermatoglyphic findings in thyroid diseases]. PMID- 6627053 TI - [Contribution to the etiology of dysrhaphic defects of the spinal column and cord]. PMID- 6627054 TI - [Quality of radiographic pictures and their photoreproduction in professional journals and books]. PMID- 6627055 TI - [Preparation and use of monoclonal antibodies]. PMID- 6627056 TI - [Clinico-epidemiologic study of chronic bronchitis in people over 65 years of age]. PMID- 6627057 TI - [Geographic distribution of mortality from malignant tumors in Slovakia]. PMID- 6627058 TI - [The relation between serum lipids and the vitamin C levels in hyperlipemic subjects]. PMID- 6627059 TI - [Effect of atropine, hydrocortisone and propranolol on cardiorespiratory changes caused by allergic bronchoconstriction in rabbits]. PMID- 6627060 TI - [Clinical significance of the relation between the size of the left atrium and atrial tachyfibrillation]. PMID- 6627061 TI - [The Milwaukee corset--its construction and use]. PMID- 6627062 TI - [Reconstructive surgery of arteries of the lower extremities in aged patients]. PMID- 6627064 TI - [The brain in old age. Electroencephalographic and psychological aspects]. PMID- 6627063 TI - [Problems in biliary ileus]. PMID- 6627065 TI - Results of the Canadian Anaesthetists' Society opinion survey on anaesthetic equipment. AB - Design shortcomings in carbon dioxide absorber bypasses and conical connectors in breathing circuits have been implicated in a number of fatal anaesthesia mishaps. In order to obtain users' views on the risks and benefits of these devices, a questionnaire was sent to 1,950 members of the Canadian Anaesthetists' Society. This paper presents a summary of the 313 responses received. Respondents were equally divided on whether the advantages of a CO2 absorber bypass outweigh the risks of accidental misuse. However, 53 per cent felt the bypass should not be removed from the absorber and 79 per cent favoured clearer labelling of the bypass setting. Accidental disconnections of conical fittings are daily occurrences. The most frequent site is the tracheal tube connector. Sixty-eight per cent of respondents use some method of securing the connectors, in most cases by taping them. The commonest reason given for not using commercial locking devices was that they are not available. Eighty-seven per cent of respondents use disconnect alarms when ventilating a patient. PMID- 6627066 TI - The effect of halothane anaesthesia on the asphyxiated foetal lamb in utero. AB - In a previous study, we examined the effects of halothane on the normal foetal lamb in utero. The most significant finding was a 33 per cent fall in foetal mean arterial blood pressure (MABP). Cardiac output and placental blood flow were not affected. To determine if the asphyxiated foetus would respond similarly, the following study was performed. Seven pregnant ewes were surgically prepared two days prior to study with maternal and foetal indwelling arterial and venous cannulas. An inflatable occlusion loop was secured around the umbilical cord. On the day of study, a tracheostomy was performed on each ewe. Microspheres were injected into the foetal circulation during the control period. The occlusion loop was inflated to produce foetal asphyxia and microspheres were again injected. The ewe was then anesthetized with halothane; and after 15 minutes, microspheres were injected into the asphyxiated foetus and halothane levels were measured. The asphyxiated foetuses showed a significant rise in MABP, fall in heart rate and fall in cardiac output from control. Blood flow to the brain was significantly increased and flow to the placenta and gut decreased. Exposure of the asphyxiated foetus to halothane resulted in a fall of MABP to control but no significant change in cardiac output or brain blood flow. The mean halothane level in the foetus was 46.0 mg X l-1 or 0.32 vol%. Exposure of the asphyxiated foetus to halothane for 15 minutes does not produce significant further deterioration of the foetal lamb in utero. PMID- 6627067 TI - Diazepam sedation reduces functional residual capacity and alters the distribution of ventilation in man. AB - We measured ventilation and static lung volumes in five fit volunteers in the right lateral decubitus position, while they were fully awake and while sedated with diazepam. We also assessed the distributions of ventilation and perfusion in the lungs, using inhalations and intravenous injections of xenon-127. Diazepam, 0.04 mg . kg-1, was administered every three to five minutes as required to induce and maintain a state of sedation which was moderately heavy. Total doses ranged from 0.16 to 0.38 mg . kg-1. Sedation did not alter minute ventilation, but reduced tidal volume, increased breathing frequency and reduced functional residual capacity slightly. Sedation also diminished the normal gradient of ventilation from non-dependent to dependent regions of the lungs. Spontaneous episodes of very small tidal volume breathing during sedation were associated with a marked reduction or cessation of ventilation of the most dependent region of the lungs. There were no sedation-related changes in the distribution of perfusion. These effects of moderately heavy sedation may contribute to the hypoxaemia and impairment of pulmonary gas exchange often present during recovery from general anaesthesia. PMID- 6627068 TI - Analgesic properties of meperidine, amitriptyline and phenelzine in mice. AB - Sixty-three white Swiss Webster mice were divided into seven equal groups. Their tolerance to pain (heat applied to the tail by a test tube containing hot water at a temperature measured by telethermometry) was assessed before and after intraperitoneal injection of (1) physiologic saline; (2) meperidine 14 micrograms X g-1; (3) amitriptyline 6 micrograms X g-1 (4) amitriptyline 12 micrograms X g 1; (5) phenelzine 1.5 micrograms X g-1; (6) phenelzine 3 micrograms X g-1; and (7) amitriptyline 6 micrograms X g-1 plus phenelzine 1.5 micrograms X g-1. All post-injection tests were conducted 45 and 90 minutes after administration, and repeated 24 hours later. No significant difference in pain threshold was noted in any pre-injection test or in any test conducted with physiologic saline. By 90 minutes post-injection, all groups receiving drugs developed increased tolerance to pain. Mice which had received phenelzine plus amitriptyline, or either dose of phenelzine were more tolerant to pain for up to 24 hours than mice which had received physiologic saline. The most marked increases in tolerance to pain were seen with 1.5 micrograms X g-1 and 3 micrograms X g-1 of phenelzine and phenelzine plus amitriptyline. However, phenelzine was more effective and had a longer-lasting effect than either dose of amitriptyline, or meperidine. The combination of phenelzine plus amitriptyline was no more effective than phenelzine alone. PMID- 6627069 TI - The effects of intravenous anaesthetic agents on human neutrophil chemiluminescence. AB - Intact neutrophil function is essential for the defence against infection. Any alteration in neutrophil function, which decreases their ability to phagocytose and kill bacteria, might contribute to mortality and morbidity. We investigated the effects of clinical concentrations of thiopentone, Alfathesin, methohexitone, morphine, lidocaine and diazepam on the microbicidal oxidative function of human neutrophils. The oxidative activity was assessed utilizing the technique of chemiluminescence, which is a measure of free radical generation. Thiopentone and Alfathesin produced a significant dose dependent depression in chemiluminescence. There was a 27 per cent reduction in activity with thiopentone 5 micrograms X ml 1, a concentration equivalent to the free plasma concentration achieved following an anaesthetizing dose of thiopentone. There was a 55 per cent reduction in chemiluminescence at an alphaxolone concentration of 1.25 micrograms X ml-1, a concentration equivalent to the free plasma level obtained after induction of Alfathesin anaesthesia. The effect of thiopentone and Alfathesin was reversed by cell washing. Methohexitone, morphine, diazepam, and lidocaine caused no significant reduction in chemiluminescence over the dose ranges studied. These observations indicate that thiopentone and Alfathesin can adversely affect leucocyte function in vitro and, therefore, may contribute to impaired host resistance in the perioperative period and in the intensive care unit. PMID- 6627070 TI - Comparison of oral pentazocine, oral diazepam and intramuscular pentazocine for paediatric premedication. AB - Oral pentazocine-atropine, oral diazepam-atropine and IM pentazocine-atropine were compared as preoperative medication in children. Observations in 300 children ages 1-14 years included the emotional state at time of induction of anaesthesia, smoothness of induction, dryness of oral mucosa and tongue, incidence of vomiting, and emotional state and length of stay in the recovery room. The incidence of a calm state at the time of induction and smoothness of induction of anaesthesia was the same following oral and IM premedication. There was satisfactory drying of salivary secretions. The incidence of vomiting in the recovery room was the same following oral and IM premedication. However, children in age groups 1-4 and 5-9 years who received diazepam-atropine were more restless in the recovery room than those who received oral or IM pentazocine-atropine. More children in groups 1-4 and 5-9 years who received IM pentazocine-atropine stayed longer in the recovery room. We conclude that oral diazepam-atropine and oral pentazocine-atropine are comparable as to preoperative medication IM pentazocine-atropine and that they can be given as an alternate to intramuscular injection. PMID- 6627071 TI - Cell-mediated immune suppression due to alfathesin in short-term anaesthesia. AB - The immunosuppressive effects on cell-mediated immunity of alfathesin, when used as the sole agent for short-term anaesthesia, were investigated in ten women undergoing pregnancy termination. Cell-mediated immunity was evaluated by E rosette formation in peripheral blood (reflecting the percentage of T lymphocytes) and by proliferative responses to the mitogens concanavalin A and phyto-haemagglutinin in various concentrations. Measurements were made before alfathesin was administered, and again after 60 minutes, two days and seven days. Significant reductions in the percentage of E rosettes in peripheral blood and in mitogenic responses to concanavalin A were observed 60 minutes after administration of alfathesin. A model is proposed in which alfathesin binds to lymphocytic membrane receptors, thus affecting in vitro cell-mediated immune reactions. PMID- 6627073 TI - A protocol for the medico-psychosocial evaluation of patients with chronic pain. AB - A protocol is presented for the full medico-psychosocial evaluation of patients with chronic benign pain. Complete history taking is often difficult with these patients. However, this can be accomplished with a combined approach by an anaesthetist and a psychiatrist following a structured interview pattern which respects the patient's attitude towards psychological factors. The specific format of this interview is described. PMID- 6627072 TI - Repeat ketamine anaesthesia of a child for radiotherapy in the prone position. AB - Sixteen ketamine anaesthetics over an eight-week period for a course of postoperative radiotherapy following removal of a medulloblastoma in an 18-month old child are described. On each occasion the child was in the prone position with a tight fitting shell covering the head, trunk and arms. The problems of repeated anaesthetics, isolation of the child in one room from the anaesthetist in another, and psychological upset to the mother and child are discussed. Ketamine was chosen because with this agent the patient usually maintains a clear airway, even in unusual postures. It was used successfully by both the intramuscular and rectal routes, thus avoiding repeated venepuncture and intubation. Post-anaesthetic nausea was a problem, but tolerance to ketamine and psychological emergence phenomena did not occur. PMID- 6627074 TI - Succinylcholine apnoea: attempted reversal with anticholinesterases. AB - Anticholinesterases were administered in an attempt to antagonize prolonged neuromuscular blockade following the administration of succinylcholine in a patient later found to be homozygous for atypical plasma cholinesterase. Edrophonium 10 mg, given 74 min after succinylcholine, when train-of-four stimulation was characteristic of phase II block, produced partial antagonism which was not sustained. Repeated doses of edrophonium to 70 mg and neostigmine to 2.5 mg did not antagonize or augment the block. Spontaneous respiration recommenced 200 min after succinylcholine administration. It is concluded that anticholinesterases are only partially effective in restoring neuromuscular function in succinylcholine apnoea despite muscle twitch activity typical of phase II block. PMID- 6627076 TI - Selection of patients for day care surgery. PMID- 6627075 TI - Day care surgery: do we and our patients need it? PMID- 6627077 TI - General anaesthesia for day care surgery patients. PMID- 6627078 TI - Regional anaesthesia for outpatient surgery--a summary of 12 years' experience. PMID- 6627079 TI - Day care surgery for infants and children. PMID- 6627080 TI - Prophylaxis and management of post-operative problems. PMID- 6627081 TI - Mechanism of hormone action. PMID- 6627082 TI - Immunologic similarity of insulin receptors in Golgi and plasma membranes from rat liver. AB - Insulin receptor antibodies (IRA) have been shown to inhibit 125I-labeled insulin binding to plasmalemma and whole cells. An earlier study claimed that IRA was less able to inhibit 125I-labeled insulin binding to intracellular receptors than plasmalemma of rat liver. We have examined the effect of IRA serum from a patient with insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus on 125I-labeled insulin binding to plasmalemma and Golgi fractions prepared from female rat liver. Maximum inhibitions of 125I-labeled insulin binding were 44, 48, 55, and 51% for plasmalemma, Golgi light, Golgi intermediate, and Golgi heavy, respectively, and these were maintained at a serum dilution of up to 1:100. Half-maximal inhibition occurred at a serum dilution of 1:900. The IRA serum had no inhibitory effect on 125I-labeled ILAs and ovine prolactin (oPRL) binding to either plasma membrane or Golgi fractions. Analysis of the effect of the IRA serum showed that its inhibition of 125I-labeled insulin binding linearized the Scatchard plot, with abolition of the high affinity portion of the curve, and reduced the number of low affinity sites. The affinity of binding to Golgi but not plasmalemma insulin receptors was decreased. We conclude that there is immunologic similarity between intracellular and cell surface insulin receptors of rat liver. This is compatible with a fairly rapid equilibration between these two receptor populations, as expected with an active membrane recycling process. PMID- 6627083 TI - Posttranslational modification of prothyroid hormone. AB - Posttranslational processing of thyroglobulin may influence its role as the prothyroid hormone. We have examined the role of glycosylation in the subsequent export and iodination of thyroglobulin. We find that glycosylation is necessary both for the movement of thyroglobulin through the cell and for iodination. During posttranslational processing, thyroglobulin is also phosphorylated and carboxymethylated. The implications of these postsynthetic modifications are discussed. PMID- 6627084 TI - The biological activity of glucagon-phospholipid complexes. AB - Glucagon can form water-soluble complexes with phospholipids. The incorporation of glucagon into these lipoprotein particles reduces the biological activity of the hormone. The effect is observed only at temperatures below the phase transition temperature of the phospholipid and results in a decreased stimulation of the adenylate cyclase of rat liver plasma membranes by the lipoprotein complex as compared with the hormone in free solution. Two- to five-fold higher concentrations of glucagon are required for half-maximal stimulation of adenylate cyclase when the hormone is complexed with dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, or bovine brain sphingomyelin. A possible role of lipoprotein-associated hormones in the development of insulin resistance is discussed. PMID- 6627085 TI - Cholesterol metabolism in the rat adrenal cortex: acute temporal changes following stress. AB - Adrenal and serum corticosterone concentrations, cholesterol association with adrenal cortical cytochrome P-450scc (the cytochrome P-450 catalyzing the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone), and adrenal cortical activities of cholesteryl ester hydrolase, acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase, and cholesterol side-chain cleavage have been determined at various times following stress in female rats. The paramount importance of cholesterol side-chain cleavage activation in the response to stress at the low point of the circadian rhythm is confirmed. At the high point of the circadian rhythm, there is evidence that the provision of free cholesterol for the cytochrome P-450scc enzyme system may also be controlled. The data support a coordinate action of ACTH and pro gamma-melanotropin in controlling cholesterol metabolism in the adrenal cortex following stress. PMID- 6627086 TI - Evidence for the existence of a C25-sesterterpene pathway of steroidogenesis not involving cholesterol as an obligatory intermediate. AB - Previous in vitro studies had indicated the possibility of steroidogenesis through a C25-sesterterpene pathway in which squalene and cholesterol are not required as obligatory intermediates. To investigate whether such a pathway exists in vivo, the precursor role of [7-3H]23,24-dinor-5-cholene-3 beta,20-diol in the in vivo formation of cortisol by the guinea pigs was studied. The [3H]23,24-dinor-5-cholene-3 beta,20-diol was synthesized by reacting [3H]pregnenolone acetate with a Grignard reagent. The product was purified by chromatography and its radiochemical purity was established by the isotope dilution technique. In the first experiment a total of 134 X 10(6) dpm of [3H]23,24-dinor-5-cholene-3 beta,20-diol was injected subcutaneously into three guinea pigs. Urine was collected for 8 days and was pooled. Only 12% of the administered dose was excreted in the urine. The urine was extracted and a neutral extract (3 X 10(6) dpm) was obtained. From this extract 2.3 mg of cortisol containing 2.9 X 10(4) dpm was isolated. Radiochemical purity of the isolated cortisol was established by the isotope dilution technique. Radiochemical purity was further confirmed by conversion to cortisol 21-acetate and subsequently to 11 beta-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione and recrystallization to constant specific activity. The results of this experiment were confirmed by repeating the experiment with a higher specific activity [3H]23,24-dinor-5 cholene-3 beta,20-diol. These results indicate that the C25-sesterterpene pathway is a possible in vivo alternate pathway of steroidogenesis, not involving either squalene or cholesterol as obligatory intermediates. PMID- 6627087 TI - Further studies on the corticosteroid-receptor system of the nasal gland of the domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos). AB - The interaction of tritiated corticosterone with the nasal gland corticosterone receptor was investigated. Kinetic studies have shown that the association of [3H]corticosterone-receptor followed second-order reaction kinetics and the dissociation of the ligand from the receptor became "pseudo" first order in the presence of large excess of radioinert steroids at 0, 15, 25, and 35 degrees C. Similar data were obtained with an ammonium sulfate precipitate of the cytosol. Dissociation rate constants varied from 10(-5) to 10(-3) s-1 and the association rate constants varied from 0.5 X 10(4) to 3.8 X 10(5) M-1 X s-1, depending on the reaction temperature and the cytoplasmic receptor preparation. Equilibrium dissociation constants were in 10(-8)-10(-9) M range. Equilibrium dissociation constants, calculated from kinetic data (kd/ka), showed a marked temperature dependence, while those obtained by saturation analysis varied much less with the reaction temperature. Data obtained in these experiments were used to calculate some thermodynamic parameters of the binding of corticosterone to the cytoplasmic receptor. The enthalpy of dissociation was 101.5 and 79.4 kJ X mol-1 and the entropy of dissociation was 200 and 280 J X mol-1 X degree-1 for the crude cytoplasmic receptor and the ammonium sulfate precipitate, respectively. From the equilibrium dissociation constants, the enthalpy and entropy of the equilibrium binding was calculated. Polynomial fitting of Ka values versus 1/T yielded enthalpy (delta H) values from -0.9 to -88.8 kJ X mol-1, depending on the nature of the receptor preparation. Entropy values were negative for kinetically derived equilibrium association constants from the crude cytosol at all temperatures and for 0 and 15 degrees C for the precipitate. Entropy values were positive for Ka values obtained from kinetic rates at 25 and 35 degrees C and for Ka's calculated from saturation analysis. Further experiments with the precipitate confirmed our previous contention that the nasal gland cytoplasmic corticosterone receptor metabolized the bound ligand to 11-dehydrocorticosterone, though the receptor preparation was corticosterone specific. The following hydrodynamic parameters were obtained on the binding macromolecule: molecular weight, 316 000; S20W, 8.0; Stokes radius (rs), 77.3 A (1 A equal to 0.1 nm); total frictional ratio (f/f0), 1.71. The labeled receptor preparation translocated to homologous nuclear binding sites following heat activation and, at the nuclear binding sites, the ligand was almost exclusively in its oxidized form.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6627088 TI - Rat prostatic acid phosphatase: androgenic control of isoelectric focusing patterns. AB - To further characterize the androgen dependence of prostatic acid phosphatase (AP), the isoelectric focusing patterns of enzyme activity have been examined for normal and castrated adult rats and for rats receiving androgen injections. Isoelectric focusing was performed in polyacrylamide gels over the pH range 4-8. Naphthyl phosphate was used as substrate for staining. For normal rats there was a single lysosomal band (isoelectric point(pI) = 7.35 +/- 0.04), four closely migrating secretory bands (pI = 5.96-5.63), and an androgen-dependent band (pI = 6.37 +/- 0.05) which as yet has not been identified as either lysosomal or secretory. Following castration the secretory bands decreased significantly in staining intensity, the androgen-dependent band disappeared, and two new lysosomal bands (pI's = 7.13 +/- 0.03 and 7.00 +/- 0.03) appeared. With androgen replacement the latter two bands disappeared, the androgen-dependent band reappeared, and the secretory bands increased in staining intensity but with the most anodic of the four appearing before the others. This suggests that it could be a precursor to the others. The isoelectric focusing patterns of AP activity appear to be a better method of assessing the androgen status of the prostate than are the previously used parameters, namely, enzyme specific activity, degree of inhibition by tartrate, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic pattern. PMID- 6627090 TI - Estrogen-androgen interaction: selective inhibition of estrogen-induced uterine peroxidase by testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone. AB - The effect of testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on the induction of peroxidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) in the immature rat uterus by estradiol (E2) was investigated. T (0.5-12.5 mg/rat) given on 3 successive days produced a large increase in uterine weight but, in contrast to E2, did not induce peroxidase or significantly augment uterine G6PDH. However, this androgen, even at a very low dose (50 micrograms/rat three times), inhibited the induction of peroxidase without a corresponding effect on G6PDH when given concurrently with E2 and was more effective than DHT. Inhibition by androgen was also observed when diethylstilbestrol was used to stimulate uterine growth. Combined treatment with E2 (3 micrograms/rat) and T (3 mg/rat) produced a cytosolic and nuclear estrogen receptor pattern in the uterus similar to that observed with E2 alone after various time intervals. The results speak against a direct inhibitory action or T on E2-induced uterine peroxidase via the estrogen receptor and confirm the lack of aromatization of T to E2 in the immature rat. Possible mechanisms for modifying the action of estrogens by androgens are discussed, particularly in the light of E2-induced eosinophilia. It is proposed that steroid hormones can interact in several ways and that uterine peroxidase provides a useful indicator to study steroid hormone action. PMID- 6627089 TI - Effect of testicular hormones on synthesis of soluble proteins by dog prostate slices. AB - We have submitted adult mongrel dogs to various endocrine manipulations. Prostate slices from these animals were then incubated in vitro in the presence of [3H]leucine or [35S]methionine. We have analyzed the cytosolic proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In intact adult uncastrated dogs, the radioactive amino acids were incorporated into three major bands having respective molecular weights (MW) of 32 000, 16 000, and 15 000 in one dimensional gels in presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and mercaptoethanol. Two dimensional electrophoresis revealed heterogeneity of each of these bands, both in isoelectric focussing (IEF) or nonequilibrium pH gel electrophoresis (NEpHGE) conditions. The 32 000 MW proteins showed five to six major radioactive spots and the 15 000 - 16 000 MW proteins showed six to seven spots by IEF. However, the highest incorporation of radioactivity occurred in a 16 000 MW protein seen only in NEpHGE. The lower MW proteins corresponded to some of the major proteins of dog seminal plasma as observed by immunoprecipitation of prostate proteins with antibodies against whole seminal plasma. By contrast, the 32 000 MW proteins were minor proteins of prostate cytosol and seminal plasma by Coomassie blue staining. Castration for 2 weeks completely abolished the synthesis of all these proteins. When castrated animals were treated with 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha-17 beta-diol (10 mg/day for 2 weeks), the pattern of protein synthesis returned to the one observed in intact uncastrated animals. These observations show that testicular androgens control the synthesis of dog prostate major secretory proteins. PMID- 6627091 TI - Uptake of 17 beta-estradiol and its conjugates by isolated rabbit liver nuclei. AB - The present study compares the uptake and metabolism of 17 beta-estradiol, 17 beta-estradiol 3-glucoside, and 17 beta-estradiol 3-glucuronide by a highly purified preparation of rabbit liver nuclei. The uptake of the three estrogens was rapid and equilibration was reached within 60 s. The order of uptake was 17 beta-estradiol (64 fmol X mg protein -1) greater than 17 beta-estradiol 3 glucoside (10 fmol X mg protein -1) greater than 17 beta-estradiol 3-glucuronide (6.5 fmol X mg protein -1). Thin-layer chromatography of the estrogens taken up by rabbit liver nuclei indicated the presence of a beta-glucosidase activity associated with the nuclear preparation. The apparent Km value of this enzyme for 17 beta-estradiol 3-glucoside (3.5 microM) was about 10-fold higher when compared with the cytosolic enzyme. The uptake of the three estrogens was linearly proportional to the substrate concentration from 1 to 100 nM. No competition for uptake was observed among the steroids and the presence of diethylstilbestrol did not reduce the uptake of the steroids. These findings suggest that 17 beta estradiol, 17 beta-estradiol 3-glucoside, and 17 beta-estradiol 3-glucuronide are taken up by nuclei by a nonsaturable diffusion process. The effect of cytosol on the uptake of estrogens by purified nuclei was also investigated. It was observed that cytosol reduced the uptake o 17 beta-estradiol but had little effect on that of its conjugates. PMID- 6627092 TI - Isolation of tremerogens A-9291-I and A-9291-II, novel sex hormones of tremella brasiliensis. AB - Two hormones, tremerogens A-9291-I and A-9291-II, that induce conjugation tube formation in a-type cells of Tremella brasiliensis were isolated from the culture filtrate of A-type cells. Both hormones are peptides and they have similar amino acid compositions. The N-terminal amino acids of these peptides are aspartic acid or asparagine. PMID- 6627093 TI - The possible role of juvenile hormone esterase in the regulation of juvenile hormone titre in the female cockroach Diploptera punctata. AB - Juvenile hormone (JH) degradation in vitro and in vivo was studied in the viviparous cockroach Diploptera punctata. In vitro studies with juvenile hormone esterase (JHE) and "general" or l-naphthyl acetate esterase (NAcE) revealed that diethyl-p-nitrophenylphosphate (paraoxon) inhibited both JHE and NAcE activity, but the latter was more sensitive and was completely inhibited at 0.1 mM. NAcE activity was resistant to inhibition with Triton X-100, whereas JHE activity in haemolymph of adult females was inhibited 100% at Triton X-100 concentration of 0.25%. Eighty percent inhibition of JHE activity in vivo was observed following injection of 0.2 microL Triton X-100. In contrast to the previously observed dose dependant increase in JHE activity. NAcE activity did not increase following treatment of allatectomized females with the JH analogue ethyl-2E,4E-3,7,11 trimethyl-2,4-dodecadienoate (hydroprene). Hydroprene was not catabolized in haemolymph of D. punctata in vitro. The half-life of C16 JH (JH III) in the haemolymph, in vivo, was 1.65 h for day 5 females and 2 h for day 6 females. PMID- 6627094 TI - Juvenile hormone increases ouabain-binding capacity of microsomal preparations from vitellogenic follicle cells. AB - A comparison has been made of the effects of juvenile hormone (JH) on the binding characteristics for ouabain of microsomes prepared from brain and from cells of the follicular epithelium surrounding previtellogenic or vitellogenic oocytes in Rhodnius. JH has no effect on the binding of ouabain to brain microsomes and decreases the Kd, but does not alter the Bmax for previtellogenic follicle cells. For vitellogenic follicle cells. Scatchard analysis reveals a curvilinear relationship, which is interpreted as indicating that a new population of JH sensitive ouabain-binding sites develops as the follicle cell enters vitellogenesis. These results are related to earlier data obtained on the effect of JH on ATPase activity, volume changes in isolated follicle cells, and the development of spaces between the cells of the follicular epithelium. PMID- 6627095 TI - Distribution of elongation factor 2 between particulate and soluble fractions of the brine shrimp Artemia during early development. AB - The ADP-ribosylation of elongation factor 2 (EF-2) in vitro was used to quantitate EF-2 and to determine its subcellular distribution in extracts of Artemia embryos at different stages of development. In extracts from dormant cysts of Artemia 40-45% of EF-2 is complexed to macromolecules smaller than ribosomes, whereas the remainder is soluble or free in the cytosol. During early development the amount of "complexed" EF-2 decreases markedly concomitant with an increase in the pool of soluble EF-2. Complexed EF-2 was found to be associated with macromolecules which sediment at 16S-20S and 40S-50S and not with monoribosomes or polyribosomes as reported for mammalian systems. The data show that the decrease in complexed EF-2 is associated with the resumption of development in Artemia. PMID- 6627096 TI - Metabolism of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine. AB - Rat kidney contains an enzyme which hydrolyzes NG-monomethyl-L-arginine to give rise to the formation of ornithine and N-methylurea. Confirmation of formation of these reaction products is carried out colorimetrically as well as radiochemically employing NG-monomethyl-L-[ornithine-14C(U)]arginine. This pattern of reaction products suggests that the enzyme responsible is an arginase type. However, the kidney enzyme is quite distinct from the hepatic arginase; commercial bovine hepatic arginase (L-arginine amidinohydrolase, EC 3.5.3.1) is completely inactive toward NG-monomethyl-L-arginine. Among various rat tissues examined, the hydrolytic activity is the highest in kidney, followed by the activity in liver and pancreas. PMID- 6627097 TI - An optical stopped-flow and 1H and 113Cd nuclear magnetic resonance study of the kinetics and stoichiometry of the interaction of the lanthanide Yb3+ with carp parvalbumin. AB - The rate constants for the dissociation of the lanthanide Yb3+ from the CD and EF calcium-binding sites of carp parvalbumin (isoelectric point, 4.25) have been measured using optical stopped-flow and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods. The off-rate constants for Yb3+ are 1.5 X 10(-1) and 1.3 X 10(-3) s-1, respectively, at pH 6.6 and 23 degrees C. The relative displacement of Ca2+ from the two sites by Yb3+ was determined from the observed amplitude of the fast and slow kinetic phases. Yb3+-shifted 1H-NMR spectra of parvalbumin are presented as a function of pH, concentration, and H2O:D2O ratio to relate the NMR results to the kinetic and optical results. The displacement of Cd2+ from parvalbumin by Yb3+ was studied using 113Cd NMR. All of the results show the sequential displacement of Ca2+ from the CD and EF sites of parvalbumin by Yb3+. Some results are also presented for Tb3+ and Gd3+. PMID- 6627098 TI - Removal of O-acetylated sialic acids from rat colonic epithelial glycoproteins by cell-free extracts of rat faeces. AB - Sterile, cell-free, extracts of freshly defaecated Wistar rat faeces in a pH 7.0 "minimal medium" contain neuraminidase(s), capable of removing sialic acids both with and without side-chain substituents from bovine submandibular mucin and rat colonic epithelial glycoproteins, and an esterase which removes O-acetyl substituents from the side chain of sialic acid residues. Studies of the removal of sialic acids from bovine submandibular mucin and rat colonic epithelial glycoproteins indicated that (i) the faecal enzymes removed a greater proportion of the sialic acid of both the de-O-acetylated and native glycoproteins than was removed with Vibrio cholera neuraminidase, (ii) sialic acids were removed more rapidly from de-O-acetylated glycoproteins, and (iii) the resistance to removal of sialic acids was apparently dependent at least in part upon the O-acetyl sialic acid content of the substrate. PMID- 6627099 TI - Characterization of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase from human plasma. 3. Chemical properties of the enzyme. AB - The polypeptide molecular weight of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) (45000) was obtained by deducting the weight of carbohydrate moiety (25%, w/w) from the total molecular weight of 60000. LCAT was found to have a relatively high content of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, and leucine residues and four half-cystines. The carbohydrate content was found to be about 25% (w/w): hexoses, 13%; hexosamines, 6.2%; and sialic acid, 5.4%. The total number of 408 amino acid residues per mole and the mean residue weight of 110.3 were found. From fluorescence spectroscopy analysis, 6-7 mol of tryptophan were found per mole of LCAT in 10 mM phosphate (pH 7.4). However, when LCAT was digested by the mixture of chymotrypsin and pronase the tryptophan residues increased to 10-11 mol/mol of LCAT, which agrees well with data obtained previously by ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy. A partial specific volume of 0.707 mL/g was determined by compositional analysis. Human LCAT was found to have a relatively high extinction coefficient (E1%1cm) of 21 at 280 nm and neutral pH. Two residues of cysteine per mole of LCAT were estimated both in the presence or absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate by titration with 5,5'-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid. The enzyme showed a lower tendency to staining with Coomassie blue R-250 than bovine serum albumin. The enzyme was rapidly inactivated by diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), regardless of whether the free sulfhydryl were blocked or not. The enzyme was also irreversibly inhibited by cysteine above concentrations of 1 mM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6627101 TI - The triterpenoid carotenoids and related terpenoids in Staphylococcus aureus 209P. AB - The carotenoids of Staphylococcus aureus 209P have been identified as triterpenoid (C30) carotenoids. The pigments include members of a carotene dehydrogenation sequence with C30 analogs of phytoene, phytofluene, zeta carotene, and neurosporene. The major xanthophyll present under the cultural conditions used is a carotenoic acid derived from the C30 analog of neurosporene. A cis-isomer of this major xanthophyll has also been characterized, as have four other xanthophylls. Of the latter xanthophylls, two have been identified as the hydroxy and glycosyloxy derivatives of the major xanthophyll, while the remaining two xanthophylls are carotenoid esters. Squalene and menaquinone MK-8 have also been identified in the bacterium. PMID- 6627100 TI - Thermotropic mesomorphism in aqueous dispersions of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl- and 1,2 dilauroyl-phosphatidylglycerols in the presence of excess Na+ or Ca2+. AB - 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-glycerol (POPG) and 1,2-dilauroyl sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-glycerol (DLPG) have been made by the conversion of the appropriate lecithins in the presence of crude phospholipase D and excess glycerol. Aqueous dispersions of the lipids have been examined by differential scanning calorimetry and 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. When dispersed in excess Na+ at pH 7, POPG and DLPG underwent gel to liquid crystalline phase transitions at -2.0 +/- 1.3 and -3.7 +/- 1.9 degrees C, respectively. The enthalpy of transition for POPG in excess Na+ was 6.2 +/- 0.3 kcal X mol-1 (1 cal = 4.1868 J), but the value for DLPG in Na+ was variable. In the presence of excess Ca2+ at pH 7, both phospholipids displayed complex thermotropic mesomorphism. For DLPG in the presence of excess Ca2+, thermal events did not occur at the same temperatures as did those for POPG in excess Ca2+. The complexity of the observed behaviour may have arisen because of the formation of intermediate forms which slowly interconverted to more stable forms. PMID- 6627102 TI - Epithelial induction of osteogenesis in embryonic chick mandibular mesenchyme: a possible role for basal lamina. AB - The initiation of osteogenesis at 7 days in the embryonic chick mandibular mesenchyme depends on an epithelial induction in the mandible to day 4. This article reviews a series of experiments conducted to study the nature of this inductive mechanism. Transfilter tissue recombinations were used to determine whether direct tissue apposition was required for induction. Ultrastructural studies of the epithelial-mesenchymal interface were conducted to see if direct epithelial-mesenchymal cell-cell contacts occurred during the inductive stage in vivo. Epithelial cells were cultured on Millipore filters for 28 days and allowed to deposit extracellular products. These products were tested for inductive activity. Findings from these three sets of experiments were discussed with respect to the inductive mechanism. Our results indicate that the induction is not mediated by a diffusible substance and that direct apposition of the two tissues is required. The mechanism of induction, however, does not require direct epithelial-mesenchymal cell to cell contacts. This suggests that a nondiffusible component of the extracellular matrix may be involved. Epithelial extracellular products are inductively active and have the appearance of basal lamina. The active component of the extracellular product is proteinaceous, perhaps collagen, and appears to be situated in the epithelial basal lamina. The role of basal lamina in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions is discussed. PMID- 6627103 TI - Adsorption of rat plasma phosphorylcholine-binding protein to synthetic lipid emulsions in the presence of divalent cations. AB - Lipoproteinlike lipid emulsions were incubated with rat serum, plasma, or plasma derived serum. Two previous unidentified components which bound to these emulsions only in the presence of divalent cations were identified as the rat plasma phosphorylcholine-binding proteins. PMID- 6627104 TI - Heterogeneity in the collagens extracted from human embryonic calvaria. AB - Collagens were obtained from decalcified human embryonic calvaria by pepsin digestion. After removal of the type I collagen, the more soluble collagens were precipitated at 1.2 M NaCl (acid pH), followed by a selective precipitation step at neutral pH, using a NaCl concentration of 4.5 M. Analysis of this latter precipitate by polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis and ion-exchange chromatography revealed the presence of a heterogeneous group of proteins ranging in size from approximately 10 000 daltons to over 120 000 daltons. Proteolysis, as a source for these diverse components, was ruled out both by studies employing protease inhibitors and experiments employing thrombin which indicated that no helical denaturation had occurred during extraction. A comparison with standard collagen preparations suggested that the major bands present in these samples corresponded to the alpha 1-, alpha 2-, and alpha 3-chains of type V collagen. The data also showed that the major helical organization of these chains was [alpha 1(V)]2 alpha 2(V). Data suggesting that proteolysis can occur during the chromatographic separation of the individual alpha-chains are presented. This proteolysis was sensitive to inhibitors and its possible role in modifying the chain composition of type from calvaria and other tissues is discussed. Unique cyanogen bromide peptides distinguishable from those of type I and type V were present in these precipitates and suggests the presence of novel collagen types. The small amounts of these collagens precluded a determination of the exact nature of these components. PMID- 6627105 TI - The circular dichroism of ovoverdin and other carotenoproteins from the lobster Homarus americanus. AB - The circular dichroic (CD) spectra of the alpha-, beta'-, and gamma crustacyanins, ovoverdin, and the yellow lobster-shell protein were measured in the region 200-750 nm, for comparison with the CD spectrum of the free carotenoid astaxanthin. The two carotenoid chromophores of ovoverdin gave a CD spectrum with a series of bands of alternating sign and ellipticities up to 1.9 X 10(5) degree X cm2 X dmol-1, comparable to the low temperature CD spectrum of astaxanthin in the UV region. The visible region of ovoverdin also contained strong CD bands where astaxanthin itself has very weak ones. The blue (640 nm) chromophore of ovoverdin gave a broad negative CD feature quite different from the blue chromophores of the three crustacyanins. The crustacyanins have a broad positive feature between 400 and 610 nm with ellipticities up to 2 X 10(5) degree X cm2 X dmol-1, followed at higher wavelengths by a negative band with an ellipticity up to 1 X 10(5) degree X cm2 X dmol-1. Gaussian curve-fitting procedures showed the positive features to consist of a minimum of two or three CD bands. In addition to the exciton bands at the main visible absorption, the yellow lobster-shell protein had a pair of CD bands of equal but opposite ellipticity associated with an absorption band between 250 and 340 nm. The UV regions of the CD spectra of the five carotenoproteins have bands from both carotenoid and protein chromophores, and possible assignments of these bands to one or the other of the two types of chromophore are proposed. PMID- 6627106 TI - Glycoprotein biosynthesis during the acute-phase response to inflammation. AB - Inflammation results in an increase in the levels of a variety of glycoproteins in serum. The glycoproteins that respond in this way are usually referred to as acute-phase reactants. Studies on the acute-phase response of rat alpha 1-acid glycoprotein showed that there was an increase in the liver levels of this glycoprotein at 12 h after turpentine inflammation. This was followed by increased serum levels at 48-72 h after inflammation, suggesting a precursor product relationship between liver and serum alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. Incorporation studies coupled with measurements of synthesis rates of alpha 1 acid glycoprotein showed that increased synthesis was responsible for the acute phase response of this protein to inflammation. These studies also showed that albumin was a negative acute-phase reactant. The acute-phase response of alpha 1 acid glycoprotein was accompanied by increased liver pools of UDP-N acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine (UDP-GalNAc) and increased liver activities of glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase and UDP-GlcNAc 2 epimerase. Activities of galactosyl and sialyl transferases in liver were also elevated and serum sialyl transferase was increased substantially in inflammation, suggesting that it may also be an acute-phase reactant. Liver activities of beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase and beta-galactosidase declined by about 50% at 24 h after inflammation; there was evidence that serum levels of these enzymes increased at 24-72 h after inflammation, suggesting that the lysosomal glycosidases may be released from liver during inflammation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6627107 TI - The relation of three-dimensional structure to biosynthesis in the N-linked oligosaccharides. AB - The three-dimensional structures are presented for representative N-linked oligosaccharides drawn from four major structural classes. The nuclear magnetic resonance evidence leading to these structures is summarized and the conclusions are compared with those obtained from potential energy calculations and from the crystal structures of fragments. The major finding is that the Man alpha 1-3 arm structure is invariant throughout the series, whereas the Man alpha 1-6 arm has two possible orientations in some structures and a single orientation in others. Finally, the three-dimensional structures permit a rationalization of the substrate specificity of several key enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway. PMID- 6627108 TI - Fluorescence of actin-bound hydrophobic molecules. AB - 2-(N-methylanilino)naphthalene-6-sulfonic acid (MANS) binds to G-actin at a single high affinity hydrophobic site (Kd = 41 microM). Salt-induced polymerization of MANS-G-actin results in a general enhancement of sample emission intensities at all wavelengths. At 430 nm, KCl-induced polymerization yields a 2,3-fold enhancement, while MgCl2-induced polymerization gives a 2.0 fold increase. Polymerization of MANS-G-actin in the absence of agitation produces MANS-F-actin samples that have fluorescence polarization values at 430 nm of 0.33. Subsequent mixing or sonication of such MANS-F-actin samples results in a dramatic drop in fluorescence polarization values to 0.14. After cessation of mixing, the polarization values do not recover to their initial levels. Circular polarization of luminescence studies on MANS-actin demonstrate that agitation of MANS-F-actin samples drastically alters emission anisotropy values. 9-Anthroyl choline (9AC) binds to G-actin at a single hydrophobic site (Kd = 68 microM). The fluorescence of 9AC-actin is sensitive to salt-induced polymerization and depends upon the identity of the salt employed. KCl causes a drop in the fluorescence intensity at 490 nm to 70% of the value for 9AC-G-actin, while MgCl2 produces a 30% increase in intensity. Polarization experiments with 9AC-actin produced qualitatively the same results as did those with MANS-actin. Differences in the behaviours of MANS-actin and 9AC-actin in response to polymerization by KCl and MgCl2 and in response to the binding of deoxyribonuclease I suggest that the binding sites on actin for MANS and 9AC do not overlap completely.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6627109 TI - Phosphorylation of spore coat proteins of Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - Phosphorylation of cellular proteins was studied during development of Dictyostelium discoideum. In the second half of the developmental cycle, two heavily phosphorylated proteins were observed together with a limited number of minor phosphorylated proteins. The electrophoretic mobility of these two phosphoproteins corresponded to two of the major spore coat glycoproteins, with apparent molecular weights of 103 000 and 80 000. They were found to be externalized and associated with the spore coat during spore formation. Phosphoserine was the predominant phosphoamino acid in both cases. These two phosphoproteins thus serve as excellent markers for the differentiation of prespore cells in D. discoideum. PMID- 6627110 TI - Management of acquired dacryocystitis. AB - Acquired dacryocystitis that has its onset after the first year of life is due to fibrotic obstruction within the lacrimal drainage pathways that is usually secondary to trauma or infection. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen, but attempts should be made to express or aspirate material from the lacrimal sac for culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing. When the strain is resistant to penicillin or when a culture specimen is not obtainable, cloxacillin is the antibiotic of choice. The timing of application of hot compresses is important so that the swelling can be localized to the sac but perforation will not be induced. Once the inflammation has resolved, dacryocystorhinostomy may be needed to drain residual fluid. Dacryocystography is useful to indicate whether there is persistent obstruction or stenosis; if the results are normal but symptoms persist, scintiscanning may demonstrate a delay of tear flow out of the sac or may reveal a stone. PMID- 6627111 TI - Critical flicker fusion frequency in early chloroquine retinopathy. AB - Since increasing numbers of patients with connective tissue diseases are taking chloroquine and its derivatives, there is an urgent need for a simple, reasonably fast method of screening for toxic effects on the retina. Measurement of the critical flicker fusion frequency is one technique for assessing retinal function. Its screening value was assessed in a study of nine patients with bilateral visual field defects and visual acuity of 6/12 or better after various periods of chloroquine therapy and nine healthy subjects matched for age and sex who had never taken chloroquine. The control subjects' eyes consistently demonstrated the normal pattern previously described, whereas 16 of the 17 eyes tested in the patients showed one of two abnormal patterns of response. PMID- 6627112 TI - Central retinal vein obstruction associated with mitral valve prolapse. AB - Fifteen patients under age 50 years with central retinal vein obstruction (CRVO) and no obvious predisposing ocular or systemic condition underwent a comprehensive medical investigation, including platelet function studies and, in 11 cases, echocardiography. Only 1 patient was found to have a systemic disease (hyperlipoproteinemia), but 11 patients (73%) were found to have abnormalities of platelet function, usually platelet coagulant hyperactivity. Of the 11 patients who underwent echocardiography, 7 (64%) were found to have mitral valve prolapse, a condition predisposing to vascular occlusion, and 4 (60%) of the 7 had abnormalities of platelet function. These findings suggest that mitral valve prolapse contributes to platelet hyperactivity and, ultimately, CRVO. PMID- 6627113 TI - Effect of retrobulbar anesthesia on ocular tension. AB - To determine the effect of retrobulbar lidocaine, with or without epinephrine, on intraocular pressure, 50 patients admitted to hospital for cataract surgery were selected at random. By applanation tonometry the tension of each eye was measured when the patient was placed on the operating table and 4 minutes after the retrobulbar injection. The decrease in intraocular pressure 4 minutes after the injection was not significant, clinically or statistically, and probably resulted from relaxation of the extraocular muscles. PMID- 6627115 TI - Primary infantile glaucoma: influence of age at onset. AB - To determine the influence of age at onset of primary infantile glaucoma, 15 patients whose glaucoma was present at birth were compared with 24 children in whom glaucoma developed between birth and age 3 months. Of the 29 eyes investigated in the former group 60% had a corneal diameter more than 1.5 mm greater than normal at the time of diagnosis, and 50% of the 22 eyes reassessed 5 years later had a visual acuity of less than 6/60; an average of 2.0 surgical procedures had been required to control the intraocular pressure. Of the 46 eyes in the latter group only 35% had a corneal diameter more than 1.5 mm greater than normal at the time of diagnosis, and of the 45 eyes reassessed 5 years later only 20% had a visual acuity of less than 6/60; an average of 1.3 operations had been required to control the intraocular pressure. Primary infantile glaucoma should be classified as either present at birth or developing between birth and age 3 months since the prognosis is so closely related to age at onset. PMID- 6627114 TI - The pupil in stroke. AB - Pupil sizes were assessed in 100 patients admitted to an intensive care stroke unit over a 1-year period to determine if differences existed and if anisocoria might help in diagnosis. From life-size photographs the pupil diameters were measured accurately, and clinical information compiled by the neurology staff was studied. Of the 19 patients with anisocoria 13 had a final diagnosis of stroke. This incidence of anisocoria, 16%, is similar to that in a normal population (20%). The side of the mydriasis was unrelated to the site of the lesions except when the stroke was due to a brainstem infarction; then ipsilateral Horner's syndrome occurred. PMID- 6627116 TI - Senile entropion: the importance of eyelid laxity. AB - In senile entropion preoperative assessment of eyelid laxity will determine whether the condition is primarily due to increased horizontal lid laxity or to disinsertion of the retractors of the lower lid, with subsequent superior migration of the orbicularis. With increased horizontal lid laxity the lid must be surgically tightened. If such laxity is not present, an operation directed at the orbicularis or at the retractors of the lower lid is advisable. This approach had an initial success rate of 97% in a series of 75 new cases and 15 cases referred for reoperation; a second operation was successful in two of the three instances of primary failure. PMID- 6627117 TI - Further observations on the auditory brainstem response in Duane's syndrome. AB - Auditory brainstem responses were recorded in 16 patients with Duane's syndrome. There were no significant differences in the mean wave and interwave latencies between the patients and 16 neurologically and audiologically normal control subjects, although 2 patients had responses from one side that were of increased latency. A consistent relation between the auditory brainstem response and the affected eye was not found; therefore, the data from this study do not support the findings of a previous report on this subject. PMID- 6627118 TI - Effects of nitrous oxide anesthesia on intraocular air volume. AB - To study the effect of nitrous oxide on the rate of absorption of intraocular air one eye of each of 20 rabbits was injected with 4 ml of air following lensectomy and total vitrectomy. After 24 hours the eyes of the 10 rabbits anesthetized with N2O had absorbed 25% more of the air than the eyes of the 10 rabbits anesthetized without N2O. These results suggest that the use of nitrous oxide for general anesthesia when air must be injected into the eye may be inadvisable. PMID- 6627119 TI - Subhyaloid hemorrhage in osteogenesis imperfecta tarda. AB - The clinical characteristics of osteogenesis imperfecta are the result of a defect in the collagen fibrils. This paper presents a case of osteogenesis imperfecta tarda in which a large subhyaloid hemorrhage occurred. This complication, which has never before been reported in the literature, could be the result of a deficiency of collagen in and around the blood vessels of the eye. PMID- 6627120 TI - Autosomal dominant iridogoniodysgenesis. PMID- 6627121 TI - Corneal and conjunctival deposits in monoclonal gammopathy: addendum and correction. PMID- 6627122 TI - The development of the early atrioventricular conduction system in the embryonic heart. AB - Recent electrophysiological evidence indicates that periodic spontaneous depolarizations occur in the primordial heart of the bird (and presumably mammal) even before the myocardial cells can contract, and these are initiated in the primordial sinoatrial region. As contractions are generated, these then establish a peristaltic wave. From that time on, during ontogenesis, the contractile sequence follows a regular pattern of development. As chambers form they contract sequentially in the direction of blood flow, even though, in the twisted configuration, myocardial continuities suggest the possibility of short circuiting the electrical conduction pathways from atrium to bulbus. This implies that, even at these early stages, the electrical properties of the myocardium are not isotropic, and that specialized conduction pathways must exist. To the present time, electrophysiological techniques have limited the direct evidence that can be obtained on these delicate electrically specialized pathways. However, microscopical techniques have permitted studies on the morphological development of the tissue and of the cells in the various regions of the myocardium. The present paper traces the development of cell morphology in these regions, including the development of structural nodes and proximal ventricular fibre pathways, and from these observations, the manner in which the electrical conduction pathways are believed to develop is suggested. PMID- 6627123 TI - Effects of chronic mestranol and (or)norethindrone treatment on ethanol associated decreases in hepatic benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activity and increases in central vein fat accumulation in the female Wistar rat. AB - Female Wistar rats were fed a liquid diet, Sustacal, which contained ethanol (40% of calories) or isocaloric sucrose. Mestranol and norethindrone in pharmacological doses were also administered via this diet. Hepatic microsomal benzo[a]pyrene (BP) hydroxylase, epoxide hydrase, aniline hydroxylase, and aminopyrine-N-demethylase activities were measured after 3 and 6 months treatment. In addition, hepatic histology and electron microscopic studies were carried out in an attempt to monitor ethanol-associated fat accumulation in the central vein region. Mestranol or norethindrone alone for 3 months produced an elevation of BP hydroxylase activity which was no longer present after 6 months treatment. When compared with the 3-month time period, BP hydroxylase activity was significantly decreased in livers of animals which had ingested ethanol (group 10 vs. group 2), ethanol plus mestranol (group 12 vs. group 4), and ethanol plus norethindrone (group 14 vs. group 6) for 6 months. However, in the steroid-treated groups, the ethanol associated decreases were not as large as that seen without ethanol over the 3-month time period (group 11 vs. group 3; group 13 vs. group 5). No decrease was observed in the combined steroid plus ethanol-treated groups. Ethanol treatment for 6 months increased hepatic epoxide hydrase activity in both the nonsteroid and mestranol-treated group. Aniline hydroxylase was increased by ethanol in the combined steroid-treated animals. Otherwise there were no significant changes in the enzyme activities measured. Hepatic histology studies carried out on the 6-month ethanol-treated animals provided evidence of fat accumulation in the central vein region of the liver lobule, as expected. However, the steroid- plus ethanol-treated groups exhibited less apparent fat accumulation in the central vein region. These data do not support the hypothesis that mestranol and (or) norethindrone will accentuate the inhibition of liver BP hydroxylase or the central vein fat accumulation produced by chronic ethanol ingestion in the female rat. PMID- 6627124 TI - Effect of dietary vitamin A on the mixed function oxidases and the pneumotoxicity of 3-methylindole in goats. AB - To determine the effects of dietary vitamin A on the activity of the mixed function oxidase (MFO) system and on the susceptibility to 3-methylindole (3MI) induced respiratory disease, goats were fed a high (supplemented with 12 000 IU retinyl palmitate/kg) or a low (no supplementation) vitamin A diet for 14 weeks. Four animals in each dietary group were then challenged with [14C]3MI. The remaining four animals served as controls. Enzyme assays were performed and severity of the 3MI-induced lung damage was scored. Consumption of the low vitamin A diet resulted in a significant reduction in the liver and lung contents of vitamin A; however, serum concentration of vitamin A was unaffected. High vitamin A supplementation did not alter the activity of the MFO system. Clinical signs, lung - body weight ratio and wet - dry weight ratio of the lungs of 3MI infused goats were not significantly different; however, in the low vitamin A goats, the microscopic lesions such as the extent of alveolar epithelial hyperplasia were judged to be significantly more severe than those observed in the high vitamin A goats. PMID- 6627125 TI - Effects of age on muscarinic cholinergic receptors in rat myocardium. AB - Atrial and ventricular myocardium from young (3-4 months old), young adult (7-8 months old), and aged (24-25 months old) rats were used to study the influence of age on cardiac cholinergic muscarinic receptors. The density of muscarinic receptors (expressed as fmol/mg protein or pmol/g tissue), determined by the specific binding of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzylate [( 3H]QNB), was significantly greater (24-29%) in atria of aged rats compared with that in atria of young or young adult rats. The muscarinic receptor density in ventricles was found to be essentially similar in all age groups studied. Antagonist as well as agonist binding characteristics of muscarinic receptor sites were examined in atria and ventricles from young and aged rats. No significant age-related difference was observed in the dissociation constant (KD) of atrial or ventricular receptors for the antagonist ligand [3H]QNB (KD apparent (nM): 1.04 +/- 0.16 and 0.91 +/- 0.12, respectively, for young and aged atria; 0.75 +/- 0.08 and 0.76 +/- 0.10, respectively, for young and aged ventricles). Similarly, the concentrations of muscarinic antagonist atropine and agonist carbachol causing 50% inhibition of [3H]QNB binding to the receptor sites (IC50) in atria and ventricles were not altered by age. Age-related difference was also not evident in the Hill coefficients for [3H]QNB, atropine, and carbachol. These results indicate that diminished responsiveness of the aged heart to vagal stimulation and exogenously administered cholinergic agents reported in the literature cannot be attributed to an age-related reduction in the number of cardiac muscarinic receptors or their affinities toward agonist or antagonist ligands. PMID- 6627126 TI - Effects of step changes in pH on isometric tetanic tension of toad sartorius muscle. AB - The effect of a rapid change in pHe (pH of bathing solution) on the isometric tetanic tension developed by sartorius muscles of toads acclimated to 5 and 25 degrees C was measured at 5 and 25 degrees C. The pH was altered by changing the carbon dioxide concentration of a bicarbonate buffered physiological solution. Acclimation temperature did not modify the response to a rapid change in pH, but test temperature did. Following a pH decrease from 9.0 to 6.0, tetanic tension decreased at a faster rate at 5 degrees C than at 25 degrees C. A new steady state was reached in 15 min at 5 degrees C but in 40 min at 25 degrees C. Following a pH increase from 6.0 to 8.5, tetanic tension increased at a faster rate at 25 degrees C than at 5 degrees C. A new steady state was reached in 60 min at 5 degrees C but in 10 min at 25 degrees C. We conclude that the rate of carbon dioxide diffusion through the sartorius muscle is only one factor that determines how rapidly tetanic tension changes following the step change in pH, and that muscle resists pH change more effectively at higher temperatures. PMID- 6627127 TI - Tip potential of open-tip glass microelectrodes: theoretical and experimental studies. AB - A mathematical analysis of the tip potential based on the main physicochemical phenomena occurring at the tip of a glass microelectrode is presented. The factors considered in the theoretical analysis are the diffusion of ions through the open tip, the conduction in the bulk solutions, the longitudinal conduction in the double layers at the glass-electrolyte interfaces, and to some extent, in a hydrated glass layer. A graphical analysis of the mathematical expressions as a function of the resistivity of test solutions is done and the distribution of the source potentials giving rise to the tip potential is studied. The experimental results presented in the paper confirm the validity of the proposed theoretical model. Comments for an improved use of glass microelectrodes in electrophysiological experiments are given throughout the paper. PMID- 6627128 TI - Diacetylmorphine (heroin) hydrolases in human blood. AB - Human blood esterases responsible for diacetylmorphine (DAM, heroin) metabolism were examined by means of an HPLC assay system for DAM, 6-monoacetylmorphine (MAM), and morphine. Four kinetically distinct enzymes capable of hydrolyzing DAM to MAM were observed in the plasma, erythrocyte (RBC) cytosol, and RBC membrane fractions of human blood. Under physiological conditions (pH 7.4, 37 degrees C), the Km (micromolar) and Vmax (micromolar per minute) values, respectively, for these enzymes were as follows: plasma, 200 and 210; RBC cytosol, 710 and 815; RBC membranes, 2000 and 748, and 38 and 80. For DAM blood concentrations less than or equal to 100 ng/mL, RBC associated esterases are responsible for the majority (76%) of DAM hydrolysis in blood. PMID- 6627129 TI - Changes of catecholamines in central and peripheral tissues and in the urines of deoxycorticosterone--salt hypertensive rats. AB - The catecholamine concentrations in the urines and in the tissues of the kidney, heart, striatum, and hypothalamus of control rats and rats treated with deoxycorticosterone and salt for 2-week and 5-week periods were measured and compared. In 2-week-treated rats there were no changes in blood pressure and catecholamines. In 5-week-treated rats, the blood pressure increased from 117 +/- 5 to 152 +/- 5 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.13 kPa) and there was an increase of urinary dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. The kidney and heart tissues of the hypertensive rats showed a decrease of norepinephrine while in the hypothalamus all three catecholamines were increased. These data suggest that dopamine and epinephrine may also be involved in the sympathetic dysfunction in deoxycorticosterone--salt hypertension. They demonstrate for the first time an increase of dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine in the hypothalamus of deoxycorticosterone--salt hypertensive rats. PMID- 6627130 TI - Distension of the pulmonary vein - atrial junctions and plasma vasopressin in the chloralose-anaesthetized dog. AB - The effects of localized distension of the pulmonary vein - left atrial junctions on plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) have been examined in chloralose anaesthetized dogs. Pulmonary vein distension caused an increase in heart rate and a decrease in plasma AVP concentration. Cooling the vagosympathetic nerves to 10 degrees C caused an increase in arterial pressure and plasma AVP concentration and prevented the changes in heart rate and plasma AVP concentration caused by pulmonary vein distension. Cooling the vagus nerves to 16 degrees C did not change heart rate, arterial pressure, or plasma AVP concentration but significantly reduced the changes in heart rate and plasma AVP concentration caused by pulmonary vein distension. Propranolol (0.5 mg/kg) decreased heart rate and prevented the increase in heart rate associated with pulmonary vein distension but did not abolish the decrease in plasma AVP concentration. It is concluded that distension of the pulmonary vein - left atrial junctions causes a decrease in plasma AVP concentration by stimulating atrial receptors with myelinated afferent fibres. The decrease in plasma AVP concentration is not secondary to the reflex changes in heart rate caused by pulmonary vein distension. PMID- 6627131 TI - Bicarbonaturic effect of acetazolamide in the dog: the influence of graded volume expansion. AB - Studies were performed in anesthetized dogs to characterize the effect of a progressive volume expansion on the acetazolamide-induced bicarbonaturia. A closed system with urine reinfusion was used in all these experiments. In normovolemic dogs, 24% of the filtered bicarbonate was excreted into the urine while this value reached 62% when a 10% expansion was superimposed on a continuous infusion of acetazolamide. When a single dose of acetazolamide was given, fractional bicarbonate excretion increased from 21% in normovolemic dogs to 46% during 10% expansion. Without acetazolamide administration, 13% of the filtered bicarbonate was excreted during a 10% expansion. The continuous infusion of acetazolamide in normovolemic dogs increased fractional bicarbonate excretion in a progressive fashion, from 25 to 40%. This study shows that an acute volume expansion potentiates markedly the bicarbonaturic effect of acetazolamide, fractional bicarbonate excretion exceeding by far the simple additive effect of acetazolamide and expansion. We speculate that volume expansion might prevent a compensatory rise in acetazolamide-insensitive bicarbonate reabsorption in sites other than the superficial proximal convoluted tubules. PMID- 6627132 TI - A two-dimensional analysis of regional myocardial function in the dog. AB - The pattern of left ventricular contraction or relaxation is not uniform and also changes depending on hemodynamic states. Accordingly, the measurement of myocardial segment length only may have limitations for the analysis of regional myocardial function, and a two-dimensional analysis of regional myocardial function was developed and characterized by utilizing measurement of regional myocardial surface area on the epicardial surface. In eight anesthetized open chest dogs, the relationship between regional myocardial function and total cardiac function was examined. The extent of the reduction of regional myocardial surface area during the ejection phase or during the systolic phase correlated more closely with stroke volume over wide ranges of left ventricular end diastolic pressure, aortic pressure, left ventricular contractility, and heart rate (r = 0.75 - 0.96) than the shortening of myocardial segment length alone. Thus, the results demonstrated that regional myocardial function estimated by the measurement of regional myocardial surface area represents total cardiac function more accurately than myocardial segment length over wide ranges of hemodynamic states despite the changes in the left ventricular contraction and relaxation pattern. PMID- 6627134 TI - Theoretical analysis of adenosine release from cardiac tissue as influenced by transport inhibitors. AB - The release of adenosine from cardiac tissue was simulated by use of a model equation which consists of a saturable transfer term for both unidirectional influx and efflux, representing a symmetrical facilitated diffusion mechanism. This proposed model can account for positive and negative changes in adenosine release from cardiac tissue brought about by competitive transport inhibitors. PMID- 6627133 TI - Measurement of red cell sickling: a method for studying the efficacy of antisickling drugs under physiological conditions. AB - A method was developed to study sickling in vitro under physiological conditions using a small amount of blood (0.1 mL). The diluted blood suspension (2.1 mL) was placed in a flask and flushed with a gas mixture containing 5% CO2. In deoxygenation experiments, samples were withdrawn anaerobically into a microslide (optical path 0.1 mm) and red cell morphology was studied directly under a light microscope after both ends of the microslide were sealed. The blood suspension with a hematocrit value of 1% can be deoxygenated in less than 10 min, but it takes 30 min for the sickling of cells to reach a plateau. The degree of sickling increases with increasing osmolality of the medium, or with a decrease of the pH. With a citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine solution, sickle blood may be stored for this type of study for about 10 days at 4 degrees C. The blood may be stored for about 5 days with a noncitrate preservative. This method was found useful in examining the antisickling activity of various drugs. PMID- 6627136 TI - Pathogenesis of gastric erosions. PMID- 6627135 TI - FMRFamide effects on spontaneous and induced contractions of the anterior gizzard in Aplysia. AB - The effects of FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2), YGG-FMRFamide (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe Met-Arg-Phe-NH2), and Met-enkephalin (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met) on the isolated Aplysia anterior gizzard were examined. (i) FMRFamide inhibits spontaneous gut activity. While YGG-FMRFamide also inhibits spontaneous activity it is less potent than FMRFamide. Met-enkephalin does not affect spontaneous gut activity. (ii) FMRFamide inhibits the excitatory response of acetylcholine on both the anterior gizzard of Aplysia and the isolated stomach region of Navanax. (iii) Neither FMRFamide, YGG-FMRFamide, Met-enkephalin, nor acetylcholine stimulated the activity of adenylate cyclase in the Aplysia anterior gizzard. PMID- 6627137 TI - Fostering surgical science. PMID- 6627138 TI - Lymphoscintigraphy in the staging of breast cancer. PMID- 6627139 TI - Unexplained hematuria. AB - In 270 consecutive patients who presented with hematuria over a 12-month period, complete visualization of the urinary tract by urography and cystoscopy indicated a causative lesion in over 90%. Where a cause could not be found on the first presentation, the initial evaluation was repeated within 4 months, revealing the previously missed diagnoses in four patients. Of patients who bled while receiving anticoagulants, 17% were found to have an important underlying cause other than anticoagulant therapy. Despite repeated evaluation, and in many instances more elaborate investigation with angiography, computerized tomography and ultrasonography, no reasonable diagnosis could be made in 6% (12% of those with microscopic hematuria, 4% with gross hematuria). One hundred and fifty-nine patients with unexplained hematuria, seen between 1975 and 1983, were studied. The triad of "gross, total and painless" was present in 15%. Patients who bled heavily from one kidney without any apparent cause benefited from orally administered epsilon aminocaproic acid. PMID- 6627140 TI - Predicting nodal metastases in breast cancer by lymphoscintigraphy. AB - In a prospective trial, 89 women with breast lumps underwent bilateral axillary and internal mammary lymphoscintigraphy preoperatively, using technetium-99m antimony sulfide colloid. All scans were interpreted blindly by three separate observers. Breast biopsy was then performed; if the biopsy specimen showed malignant tumour, definitive therapy was performed with axillary dissection. The interpretation of the axillary and internal mammary lymphoscintigrams was subsequently compared with the histologic assessment of the axillary nodes. Of the 89 women, 54 had benign disease and 35 had cancer. The internal mammary lymphoscintigram was considered to show abnormality in only 1 of the 54 patients with benign disease. One patient with cancer was eliminated from the review. Sixteen of the remaining 34 patients had axillary node metastases. Of these, 8 had an abnormal internal mammary lymphoscintigram. Only 2 of the 18 patients with cancer but no axillary metastases had an abnormal internal mammary lymphoscintigram. One bilateral axillary lymphoscintigram in the 54 patients with benign disease was discarded for technical reasons. The axillary lymphoscintigram was accurate in 52 of the remaining 53 patients. Two such scintigrams in the 35 patients with breast cancer were discarded for technical reasons. The axillary lymphoscintigram indicated abnormalities in 12 of 16 patients with axillary nodal metastases but appeared normal in 13 of 17 patients without axillary metastases. Lymphoscintigraphy may play a valuable role in the staging of breast cancer in the future. PMID- 6627141 TI - Gracilis myocutaneous flap for reconstructing perineal defects resulting from radiation and radical surgery. AB - When high-dose radiotherapy for carcinoma of the rectum, cervix, vagina or vulva fails and subsequent surgical excision by extended abdominoperineal resection or exenteration is performed, healing is often greatly delayed, for many months, and a scarred, deformed perineum results. The introduction of myocutaneous flaps opened up a new field for reconstruction of defects in a number of areas. The authors used a gracilis myocutaneous flap in 15 patients for primary reconstruction following surgical resection for failed radiotherapy of a primary carcinoma (of the rectum in 6, the cervix in 7 and the vulva in 2) and as a secondary procedure in 2 patients, 1 with an unhealed perineum 4 months after irradiation and extended abdominal resection for carcinoma of the rectum, and the other with extensive perineal necrosis following radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The operative technique, which is relatively simple, is described and illustrated. Since all patients had received radiotherapy, the myocutaneous flap was used primarily and successfully to reduce morbidity and healing time. However, even without radiotherapy, the deformity following exenteration is unacceptable and reconstruction by the method described should probably be planned as part of this operation. Not only can primary healing be expected, but the neovagina has a relatively normal appearance with satisfactory sensation and function. PMID- 6627142 TI - Extended myocutaneous flap to cover major pelvic and craniofacial defects. AB - Experience with the extended myocutaneous flap, including distal randomly vascularized tissue, is seldom reported. This report details the use of five extended flaps--sternocleidomastoid, posterior trapezius, total rectus abdominis, tensor fascia lata and inferior gluteal. An average delay of 2 weeks was used to ensure viability. These flaps facilitated the resection of otherwise inoperable craniofacial and pelvic tumours by providing a safe primary closure. Such flaps are unique in their size and their particular application. PMID- 6627143 TI - Biliobronchial fistula following pyogenic liver abscess. AB - A 65-year-old man with malaise, chills and fever was found to have a pyogenic liver abscess. A fistula from the abscess to the bronchial tree was confirmed by bronchoscopy and thoracotomy. In spite of adequate drainage of the abscess, respiratory function deteriorated and the patient died 1 month after operation. Biliobronchial fistula resulting from a pyogenic liver abscess is rare and has not recently been reported in the English or French literature. Reports dating back to the first published case in 1857 are reviewed. Early supradiaphragmatic excision of the fistulous tract and drainage of the hepatic abscess are recommended. PMID- 6627144 TI - Technical aspects in the management of abdominal aortic aneurysms. AB - During the past decade, resection of abdominal aortic aneurysms has become common. The technical aspects of the operation are now relatively standardized and simplified. With concomitant improvements in anesthesia and intensive care, the operative mortality for elective resection of these aneurysms has declined progressively; several centres report an operative mortality of less than 5%. The author considers the following principles important in managing patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms: (a) simplicity and limited dissection are critical features of the operative technique; (b) tubular grafts should be used whenever possible; (c) selected patients should be transferred to the intensive care unit preoperatively for "fine-tuning" of the cardiovascular system; (d) patients should be monitored intraoperatively and postoperatively; (e) the surgeon should be aware of special problems such as horseshoe kidney, venous anomalies, adherent duodenum and the presence of major arteries arising from the aneurysm; (f) ruptured aneurysms should be diagnosed promptly and the patient operated upon without delay. Using these principles, the author's group achieved an operative mortality of only 1.8% in 168 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms resected electively. However, the operative mortality for their patients with ruptured aortic aneurysms was 50%, a rate that has not changed appreciably over the years. PMID- 6627145 TI - Cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas. AB - Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas are uncommon. The authors present one case each of a cystic carcinoma (possibly acinar, which is a rare variant of pancreatic carcinoma), cystadenocarcinoma arising in a mucinous cystadenoma and cystadenoma. These cases illustrate important features of the natural history and management of these lesions. The macrocystic cystadenoma is generally regarded as premalignant and merits aggressive treatment, while the microcystic type is considered benign. If the cystadenoma is removed completely, there should be no recurrence. The cystadenocarcinoma differs from duct carcinoma; usually, the tumour can be removed, and when this is possible the prognosis is excellent. Both the cystadenoma and the cystadenocarcinoma can be mistaken for a pancreatic pseudocyst. The distinction is important. PMID- 6627146 TI - Uncemented total hip replacement. AB - Between Jan. 1, 1976 and Dec. 31, 1981, 257 patients (age range from 21 to 65 years) with osteoarthritis of one or both hips were treated with ceramic hip replacement (Mittelmeier type). The cause of the osteoarthritis was variable. Hip replacement was carried out for the following conditions: rheumatoid arthritis including ankylosing spondylitis, aseptic necrosis of femoral head including post traumatic and idiopathic forms, osteoarthritis of unknown origin, osteoarthritis following dysplasia or subluxation of the hips and loosened cemented hip prosthesis. The operative technique is described. Full weight bearing is not permitted for 16 weeks postoperatively, but mobilization and isometric exercises begin 2 days after operation and isotonic exercises are introduced later. Complications included fracture of the femoral shaft during operation, fracture of the acetabulum, protrusion, dislocation and infection early after operation (within 16 weeks) and aseptic loosening and pulmonary embolism (after 16 weeks). The results with this new type of hip replacement are encouraging. Good results based on patient satisfaction were obtained in 79% and poor results in 13%. PMID- 6627147 TI - Spiral vein graft for obstruction of the superior vena cava: a case report. AB - Catheter-induced superior vena caval thrombosis is a rare complication of the placement of transvenous pacemakers. The authors report such a case in a 44-year old man. A composite spiral graft of saphenous vein was used to bypass the obstruction. It was anastomosed end to side to the innominate vein and then to the right atrial appendage. The patient improved remarkably immediately after the operation and had an uncomplicated postoperative course. The authors discuss the surgical technique involved and recommend for this rare condition an initial trial of anticoagulant therapy followed by bypass grafting, using the technique they describe, if anticoagulation fails. PMID- 6627148 TI - [Fistulas in diverticular disease of the colon: study of 29 cases]. AB - In analysing 29 patients with diverticular disease of the colon complicated by fistula, the authors encountered four types of fistula: colovesical, colovaginal, coloileal and colocutaneous. The commonest was the colovesical fistula (50%), which was diagnosed by the history and the suggestive cystoscopic findings. Colovaginal fistula was also suspected by the history and the presence of a pelvic mass in hysterectomized patients. Colocutaneous fistulas are demonstrated by fistulography whereas coloileal fistulas, which do not have clinical signs, are discovered only at operation. Surgical treatment, consisting of resection and anastomosis of the involved segment of the colon, is necessary. A one-stage procedure is usually feasible with little morbidity if the delay between the acute phase and the operation is longer than 3 months. When the operation is attempted sooner, the surgeon may have to use more than one stage with a longer period of disability and the possibility of more complications. Because the development of a fistula with diverticular disease seldom needs urgent surgical exploration, the authors recommend 3 months of conservative therapy after the acute phase to allow the local inflammatory reaction to subside so a one-stage operation can be performed. PMID- 6627149 TI - Surgery in the aged. AB - The ageing process has changed little since the days of the psalmist. The number of elderly patients, however, is increasing. Old people seem more reluctant to undergo surgery than younger patients and more concerned with quality of life. The authors conducted a survey in a small community in British Columbia to determine the attitudes of old people towards surgery. The survey confirmed that they are reluctant to undergo surgery if there is an appreciable risk that they will be physically or mentally impaired afterwards. A substantial number also do not wish to undergo complicated procedures to prolong their lives. Quality of life and conservatism should be important considerations in the surgical management of elderly patients. PMID- 6627150 TI - Isolated hematemesis in duodenal leiomyoma: a case report. AB - Duodenal leiomyomas are a very rare cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and the disorder is not always diagnosed. The author describes such a case in a 71 year-old woman. It illustrates the problems in diagnosis and describes the appropriate treatment. The pathologist may find it difficult to distinguish between a malignant and a benign tumour. Occasionally, resection is necessary because of life-threatening hemorrhage. Treatment may be especially difficult if the leiomyoma is located near the papilla of Vater. PMID- 6627151 TI - A case of post-traumatic false aneurysm of the superior gluteal artery with compression of the sciatic nerve. AB - A false aneurysm of the superior gluteal artery with compression of the sciatic nerve is reported in an 18-year-old man who was recovering from multiple injuries sustained in a bicycle accident. Rapidly increasing pain and swelling in the leg, with a rapid fall in the hemoglobin level and weakness of dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot were not compatible with the initial diagnosis of abscess. A selective iliac arteriogram revealed the true diagnosis. The gluteal artery was ligated and the false aneurysm oversewn through a posterior, extrapelvic approach. An abdominal, retroperitoneal approach would have been better but was precluded by injuries to the intrapelvic viscera and left-sided colostomy. False aneurysm of the gluteal artery is a life-threatening condition and must be diagnosed early and treated promptly to ensure a successful outcome. PMID- 6627152 TI - Doppler flow maps of the carotid artery compared with the findings on angiography. AB - One noninvasive method of evaluating the condition of the carotid arteries is by the Echoflow Doppler device, which produces colour-coded images of the flow pattern in the arteries. Normal velocities are represented in red, accelerated flow in yellow and turbulences in blue. The authors present the results of Echoflow studies in 317 patients who also underwent cerebral angiography. Of 660 normal carotid vessels, 21 showed appreciable abnormalities on Echoflow study (false positive 3.2%). Of 87 vessels with stenosis of 50% or more, the Echoflow study showed normal flow in 26 (false negative 29.9%). The Echoflow study indicated no abnormalities in 3 of 22 patients with severe stenosis (more than 80%) (false negative 13.6%). Of nine patients with carotid occlusion, the Echoflow study gave normal findings in one (false negative 11.1%). Sensitivity was 70.1%, specificity was 96.9%, with a positive predictive accuracy of 93.9%. Sources of error include misidentification of arteries, signal attenuation (acoustic shadow), hemodynamic changes and timing of the Echoflow study relative to angiography. Combined studies with B-mode ultrasonography and spectral analysis of the Doppler signal should reduce error. These studies should not be used to replace angiography, but to help select for angiography patients for whom the study might be contraindicated because of advanced age or cardiac disease. PMID- 6627153 TI - Congenital diaphragm of the duodenum in an adult: a case report. AB - Chronic duodenal obstruction related to a congenital mucosal diaphragm is a rare anomaly that is difficult to diagnose preoperatively. The authors report the case of a 22-year-old woman with this anomaly. Diagnosis was not established until a second surgical exploration, when the web was found and excised through an anterior duodenotomy. The patient had a gastric atony for 3 weeks after the operation. It was successfully corrected by administering oxytocin. PMID- 6627154 TI - Survival following complete detachment of an end-to-end aortic anastomosis. AB - A 78-year-old man had complete dehiscence of the suture line of the aorta to a prosthesis, 8 years after standard repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. For 6 months, until the aortic was reconstructed, the patient had no hemorrhage or limb ischemia because a conduit was maintained by the original aneurysm wall which had been wrapped around the prosthesis. The authors believe this is the first report of survival following such dehiscence. They advocate the use of non-absorbable sutures when anastomosing the graft to the aorta and repair rather than resection of abdominal aortic aneurysms. PMID- 6627155 TI - Humane editing. PMID- 6627156 TI - Ethics of informed consent. PMID- 6627157 TI - Virus cultures in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PMID- 6627158 TI - Administrative costs: Monique Begin responds. PMID- 6627159 TI - Erectile impotence. PMID- 6627160 TI - Rubella prevention. PMID- 6627161 TI - Diet pill psychosis: follow-up after 6 years. PMID- 6627162 TI - Suicide prevention. PMID- 6627163 TI - Infection of synovial tissue by Mycobacterium gordonae. PMID- 6627164 TI - Preventing asthma. PMID- 6627165 TI - Evacuation of smoke from laser surgery in the vagina. PMID- 6627166 TI - Routine neonatal circumcision. PMID- 6627167 TI - Bendectin: the wrong way to regulate drug availability. PMID- 6627168 TI - Interpretation of diagnostic data: 6. How to do it with more complex maths. AB - We have now shown you how to use decision analysis in making those rare, tough diagnostic decisions that are not soluble through other, easier routes. In summary, to "use more complex maths" the following steps will be useful: Create a decision tree or map of all the pertinent courses of action and their consequences. Assign probabilities to the branches of each chance node. Assign utilities to each of the potential outcomes shown on the decision tree. Combine the probabilities and utilities for each node on the decision tree. Pick the decision that leads to the highest expected utility. Test your decision for its sensitivity to clinically sensible changes in probabilities and utilities. That concludes this series of clinical epidemiology rounds. You've come a long way from "doing it with pictures" and are now able to extract most of the diagnostic information that can be provided from signs, symptoms and laboratory investigations. We would appreciate learning whether you have found this series useful and how we can do a better job of presenting these and other elements of "the science of the art of medicine". PMID- 6627169 TI - Improving appointment-keeping by patients new to a hospital medical clinic with telephone or mailed reminders. AB - A randomized trial of telephone and mailed reminders was conducted to assess their effect in reducing the rate of failure to keep appointments among patients new to a general medical clinic. Only 10% of the patients who received a telephone call and 12% of those who received a letter failed to keep their appointments compared with 20% of the control group (p less than 0.05). The most common reason given for failure to keep the appointment was lack of awareness of the appointment. Thus, telephone or mailed reminders can lower the rate of failure to keep appointments and result in greater satisfaction by patients and health care personnel. PMID- 6627170 TI - Management of flail chest. AB - This paper compares the management of two groups of patients with flail chest. The 25 patients in group 1 had a flail chest without other significant injuries or shock, whereas the 57 in group 2 had a flail chest with multiple injuries, shock or both. The group 1 patients were treated with repeated multiple intercostal nerve blocks or high segmental epidural analgesia, oxygen, intensive chest physiotherapy, fluid restriction, furosemide diuretics, methylprednisolone sodium succinate and colloid infusion in an intensive care unit. In addition to these measures, the group 2 patients underwent endotracheal intubation and assisted mechanical ventilation with a volume respirator that provided continuous positive airway pressure and positive end-expiratory pressure. Of the 57 group 2 patients 36 required prolonged ventilation, eventually through a tracheostomy, because of severe head injury, pneumonia, severe facial injury, quadriplegia, pre existing lung disease or severe sepsis. However, tracheostomy was avoided in the other 21 patients in group 2. There were no deaths in group 1, but 8 (14%) of the patients in group 2 died. These results show that avoidance of tracheostomy and ventilation in selected patients with flail chest is consistent with a low morbidity and mortality. PMID- 6627171 TI - Prevalence of antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis in healthy population groups in Manitoba. AB - The prevalence of antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis was determined in 1877 serum samples from healthy population groups of Caucasians, native Indians and recent Vietnamese immigrants in Manitoba. Testing was done with a commercially available immunofluorescence kit containing C. trachomatis antigen. The presence of antibodies was age-related; a progressive increase in prevalence was observed in children aged 1 to 15 years, and the overall prevalence was higher in female Caucasian blood donors and female Vietnamese immigrants than in males in both groups. However, there was no sex-related difference in prevalence among the subjects undergoing premarital testing or among the native Indians. Antibodies were more prevalent (p less than 0.001) in pregnant than in nonpregnant women matched for race and age, and a relatively high prevalence (66.6%) was found in the cord serum of newborns. The overall prevalence rate of antibodies in all Manitobans was 48.8% (44.9% in men, 55.9% in women and 35.3% in children. PMID- 6627173 TI - Should nurses have a greater role in primary care? PMID- 6627172 TI - Unilateral dermatomal superficial telangiectasia. AB - A new case of unilateral dermatomal superficial telangiectasia (UDST) is described, bringing the number of reported cases to 48. This case is unusual in that there was no underlying systemic disorder and no correlation between the onset of the disease and the physiologic hormonal states that have frequently been reported with the acquired type of UDST. The etiopathogenetic mechanisms of this disorder are discussed. PMID- 6627174 TI - The 1983 presidential valediction. PMID- 6627175 TI - Psychiatrists look at violence. PMID- 6627176 TI - Australia looks to Canada's Medicare. PMID- 6627177 TI - Canadian contributions to health in the developing world. PMID- 6627179 TI - Attitudes and opinions of physicians toward a coordinated home care program. PMID- 6627178 TI - The Canadian North and the Third World: is the analogy appropriate? PMID- 6627180 TI - A nutritional knowledge questionnaire for the elderly. PMID- 6627181 TI - Evaluation and control of carbon monoxide exposure in indoor skating arenas. PMID- 6627182 TI - Deafness and the hearing impaired--the perceptions of nurses and others. PMID- 6627183 TI - The detection and assessment of alcohol-related problems in health and social service agencies. PMID- 6627185 TI - Estimation of parasite prevalence based on submissions to provincial laboratories. PMID- 6627184 TI - The McMaster School Injury Study. 1: Overview of methods. PMID- 6627186 TI - Smoking and health education during pregnancy: evaluation of a program for women in prenatal classes. PMID- 6627187 TI - Public health and the law. The interface of law and ethics. PMID- 6627188 TI - Current trends in consultation-liaison psychiatry. AB - Consultation-psychiatry has grown rapidly and become a subspecialty of psychiatry in the past decade. The author reviews the history of this field at the interface of psychiatry and medicine, offers its definition, and discusses current trends pertaining to the organization of liaison services and to the teaching and research activities of liaison psychiatrists. He concludes that a liaison service has become a recognized division of a general hospital psychiatric unit for the provision of psychiatric consultation and teaching to the nonpsychiatric departments of the hospital. Consultation-liaison psychiatry (or liaison psychiatry for short) has emerged in the past decade as a subspecialty of psychiatry, one concerned with mental health problems among medical and surgical patients. Diagnosis, treatment, study and prevention of psychiatric disorders in those patients constitute the proper domain of liaison psychiatry. I will review in this article the major current trends in this field as they pertain to matters of organization, education, and research. A brief historical note and a definition of liaison psychiatry will introduce my review. PMID- 6627189 TI - Insomnia: I. Classification, assessment and pharmaceutical treatment. AB - Insomnia is a public health problem because of its high prevalence, the risk of hypnotic drug abuse, and self medication combined with alcohol and other nonprescription chemicals. Clinical experience has given rise to a descriptive classification of the insomnias many of which are secondary to medical disease. The information now available allows us to suggest a systematic approach to the assessment of insomnia emphasizing its history, events associated with sleep onset, observable behaviour and experience associated with interruptions in sleep. This paper attempts to organize the present state of knowledge in a format that can be taught to general physicians who deal with the most insomnia patients. PMID- 6627190 TI - Insomnia: II. Assessment and treatment of chronic insomnia. AB - Evidence for non-pharmacological effects of hypnotics on sleep is presented. This suggests that behavioural variables may be involved in the regulation of sleep onset in insomnia. Chronic 'true' insomnia is described in terms of precipitating events: fixed behavioural patterns which perpetuate it and the disordered timing of electrophysiological and hormonal events. Specific behavioural factors relevant to an individual patient's insomnia must be identified. The factors are: (i) the patient's expectations of the experience of going to sleep and his/her belief that he can or cannot control the onset of sleep, (ii) the patients' personal theory of the cause of the problem, (iii) what the patient says to himself privately about the problem, (iv) the presence of stimuli in the sleep setting which arouse the patients including objects, persons and behavioural rituals. Treatment requires that patients be taught special skills, individually tailored to the specific behavioural variables found to perpetuate their insomnia. Non specific 'placebo' effects are also involved as is the case with drug administration. Patients who fail to respond to treatment may have a masked disturbance of circadian rhythms. This recent observation requires the addition of new approaches to assessment and treatment. PMID- 6627191 TI - Psychological determinants of a medical career. AB - To test the hypothesis that reparation for childhood experience is a factor in the choice of a medical career, a questionnaire was given to first year students in medicine, with first year law students as a control group. When students who chose the same occupation as their parents were eliminated from the sample, male medical students were more likely to have experienced illness in the family during childhood than male law students. Both male and female law students were more likely to have experienced legal problems in the family during childhood. PMID- 6627192 TI - Reasons for involuntary commitment in Manitoba and Ontario. AB - This paper concerns itself with the question of involuntary commitment of psychiatric patients in southwestern Manitoba. The purpose was to survey the reasons given for involuntary psychiatric hospitalization by a group of Manitoba physicians in 1979, and to compare these reasons with those given by their Ontario counterparts, as described in the Page and Yates (1) and Page and Firth (2) studies. Particularly, the aim was to compare the relative emphasis given to dangerousness/self-harm reasons, in view of the fact that Manitoba's Mental Health Act makes no explicit reference to the dangerousness criterion, while Ontario's legislation has increasingly specified this factor as a necessary condition for civil commitment. PMID- 6627193 TI - Hypomania and marital conflict. AB - The author treated seven bipolar patients over seven years whose presenting problems were chronic marital conflict. The bipolar diagnosis had previously been made in only one case. Conjoint or family assessment was essential for accurate diagnosis. Lithium was the cornerstone of treatment and the best results were obtained with bipolar patients who were lithium compliant and whose marital conflict was resolved in conjoint therapy. Marital conflict clearly preceded the bipolar disorder and was not prototypical. Neither a family systems model nor a psychopharmacological model alone were sufficient for treatment. The diagnosis of bipolar disorder must be considered with chronic marital conflict. PMID- 6627194 TI - Two year follow-up study of an outreach program in geriatric psychiatry. AB - In Canada and the U.S. the percentage of elderly people is increasing and more funds are being spent on institutional programs. Yet many are not so impaired that they cannot be looked after by relatives. A number of community outreach programs are available. From an inpatient psychogeriatric unit in Hamilton Provincial Hospital an outreach program is described. A follow-up study was done during a 2 year period by contacting the referral sources. The 24% who had been admitted were compared with the 75.9% who remained in the community. While patients' relatives and referring sources were mostly pleased with the assessments, and those patients not admitted were less institutionalized, those admitted with affective disorder showed a higher recovery rate than those remaining in the community. The total number admitted to hospital showed a lower mortality rate than those not admitted, even though the latter three considered less mentally ill because of the criteria for admission to the hospital. PMID- 6627195 TI - [Unexpected effect of repetition of imaged behavior]. AB - In order to examine the efficiency of covert behavior rehearsal, 33 subjects, randomly assigned to three groups, were submitted to a task in a social condition. To reduce the stress-induced anxiety, the participants of the first group had been prepare by covert behavior rehearsal in a relaxed condition. Those of the second group received only relaxation and the third group had no preparation at all. The behavior rehearsal had no positive effect on the efficacy of the task execution. Moreover, a negative influence appeared. The results are discussed. PMID- 6627196 TI - A comparison between Australasian and Canadian candidates on common examinations in psychiatry. AB - Multiple choice examinations designed by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada were administered to candidates eligible for certification in the specialty of Psychiatry and to candidates in Australia and New Zealand who were eligible for certification by the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists. Results indicated that two national groups of candidates performed similarly on these common examinations. Comparison of the item analysis based on the two different groups of candidates revealed that most of the items were comparable in difficulty and discrimination. Because of the similar performance of the candidates, the stable cross-national statistical characteristics displayed by the items, and the confirmation of the relevance of the items by Australasian and Canadian content experts, it was concluded that the test items are suitable for testing the knowledge of both Australasian and Canadian candidates. The study recommends that the work begun by the working meetings dealing with international sharing of test materials and sponsored by the CIBA Foundation be continued. PMID- 6627197 TI - Fluspirilene neuroleptic depot injections and indurations. AB - Local reactions at injection sites have limited the use of depot fluspirilene, an otherwise effective treatment for chronic schizophrenia. Thirty-nine reports of fluspirilene-treated patients were analyzed and the patients were examined for indurations. It was found that patients with indurations were given significantly higher doses and volumes of the drug. The mean number of high volume injections (over 3ml) at each site was the most significant differentiating factor between the two groups: 19 such injections over a twelve month period for those with indurations, as compared to 3 for those without. None of the following variables were significant; age, sex, allergies, or total length of time on the drug. Previous administration of other forms of depot neuroleptics did not differentiate the two groups. Biopsy showed serous atrophy of subcutaneous fat, prominent blood vessels and hemosiderin laden macrophages. PMID- 6627198 TI - Problem behaviours encountered by families living with a schizophrenic member. AB - Attention is focused on the problem behaviours encountered by relatives of schizophrenic patients. Seventy families, members of the "Friends of Schizophrenics" association completed a questionnaire aimed at eliciting specific problem behaviours from the perspective of the relative. By far, the most frequent problems were concerned with the 'negative' symptoms of schizophrenia while the problems found most difficult to manage included those to do with insight compliance and 'positive' symptoms. PMID- 6627199 TI - Where did all the "No-Shows" go? AB - The pilot study examines the demographic profile, referral source, and presenting symptom of 40 families whose child was referred to and accepted for assessment by the Outpatient Psychiatry Department of the Hospital for Sick Children, but who ended up cancelling their initial assessment interview when an appointment time was set. These "No-Show" cases constitute a relatively small (13.6%) proportion of the total population accepted for assessment. the "No-Show" families did not differ markedly from the general intake population in terms of age, and presenting problem. However, girls, suburban residence and lower class background were more prevalent in the "No-Show" group. The length of time spent on the waiting list was given most frequently as the primary reason for cancelling the appointment. PMID- 6627201 TI - Gulliver II. PMID- 6627202 TI - Primary prevention of physician impairment at the medical student level. PMID- 6627200 TI - Enuresis: a new look at stimulant therapy. AB - A case is presented in which a hyperactive child with secondary enuresis had a dramatic response to both syndromes of methylphenidate therapy. A review of the literature reveals a paucity of controlled studies on the drug treatment of secondary enuresis. Although the deep sleep theory of enuresis is not applicable to primary enuresis, the authors consider its applicability to secondary enuresis, and point out the need for further studies on the treatment of secondary enuresis. PMID- 6627203 TI - Localized amyloidosis in basal cell carcinoma. A pathologic study. AB - Congo-red screening demonstrated intratumor deposits of amyloid in 35 of 53 unselected cases of basal cell carcinoma. Male subjects had a higher amyloid positivity rate than female subjects. The amyloid deposits were permanganate resistant and located in the stroma between clumps of tumor cells, as well as abutting the advancing front of the neoplasm. Solar elastosis was often observed in the overlying and adjacent subepidermis. The relationship between amyloid positivity and the different histological subtypes of basal cell carcinoma, tumor ulceration, and density of the lymphoplasmacytic stromal infiltrate were also studied. The possibility that amyloid originates from the tumor cells and is a result of tumor apoptosis (degeneration) is discussed. PMID- 6627204 TI - Long-term follow-up using serial serum thyroglobulin determinations in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. AB - Although thyroglobulin is generally recognized as a useful marker for metastases in cases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma, there have been few reports of the use of thyroglobulin determination for long-term follow-up. This report presents the results of long-term follow-up studies carried out for periods of up to 4 years in 18 patients, including 4 patients with local and 14 with distant metastases. After successful treatment, thyroglobulin fell to unmeasurable levels in the four patients with local metastases and in four of six patients with distant metastases. In some patients treated successfully with 131I, the thyroglobulin level remained elevated for several months before falling to within the normal range. Thyroglobulin levels correlated with tumor growth in six of eight patients with tumor progression, remained high with a slight downward trend in one patient, and declined to unmeasurable levels in another case. Only one patient in this group showed radioiodine uptake in the metastases at the end of the observation period. The lack of 131I uptake in the other patients probably reflects the low degree of differentiation of the metastases. The following conclusions regarding the use of thyroglobulin measurement for the long-term follow-up of thyroid carcinoma can be made: (1) Following 131I therapy for metastatic thyroid carcinoma, return of thyroglobulin levels to within the normal range may take several months. The trend observed in serial thyroglobulin determinations is more meaningful than the absolute values for evaluating the success of therapy. (2) Thyroglobulin levels correlate with tumor growth in most cases of tumor progression, even when changes in differentiation may have led to a loss of radioiodine uptake by the metastases. It may be concluded that serial thyroglobulin determinations are therefore useful for the detection of metastases that do not accumulate radioiodine. PMID- 6627205 TI - Morphologic patterns and diagnostic criteria of VIP-producing endocrine tumors. A histologic, histochemical, ultrastructural, and biochemical study of 32 cases. AB - Thirty-two tumors (31 pancreatic and one jejunal) all associated with severe watery diarrhea, increased VIP levels in blood and most with hypokalemia, were investigated. The VIP content of tumor tissue ranged from 23 to 15,000 pmol/g. VIP immunoreactive cells were detected histochemically in 24 of 28 tumors investigated, PP immunoreactive cells in 11 of 28 tumors, hCG (alpha chain) immunoreactive cells in 12 of 25 tumors, and neuron specific enolase (NSE) immunoreactive cells in 24 of 26 tumors (the 2 negative results were due to inadequate fixation). All cases showed light microscopic features of epithelial endocrine tumors. Electron microscopy demonstrated a prevalence of agranular, poorly granulated and a minority of well granulated cells. Most secretory granules were round, small (150+/- 30 nm diameter) and of moderate electron density, resembling those of the so-called D1 cells. By electron immunocytochemistry, PP was directly localized in a subpopulation of relatively larger granules (154 +/- 22 nm core diameter) showing closely applied membranes. VIP-storing granules, directly identified only in the jejunal tumor, appear to correspond to a subpopulation of slightly smaller P-type granules (126 +/- 37 nm core diameter) showing a narrow, clear halo. The origin, behavior, and diagnostic criteria of VIPomas are discussed. PMID- 6627206 TI - Significance of carcinoembryonic antigen levels and cytology of pure pancreatic juice in diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. AB - The diagnostic accuracies of measurement of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and analysis of the cytologic characters of pure pancreatic juice were assessed in 16 control subjects, 20 patients with pancreatitis and 22 patients with pancreatic cancer. Pure pancreatic juice was collected from the pancreatic duct by endoscopic cannulation using a duodenofiberscope after intravenous administration of secretin. The pancreatic fluid was centrifuged and the supernatant was used for CEA assay, while the cell pellet was examined cytologically. Abnormally high CEA levels in the pure pancreatic juice were significantly more frequent in patients with pancreatic cancer; an increased CEA concentration in the pancreatic juice was found in 68.2% of the patients. The location of the cancer had no influence on the CEA level of the pancreatic juice, but the level tended to be high when the tumor had distant metastases. Positive cytologic findings were obtained in specimens of pure pancreatic juice of 68.2% of the patients with pancreatic cancer. Positive cytologic results were more frequent in patients with carcinoma of the head of the pancreas than in those with carcinoma of the body or tail, and those with localized tumors had the lowest yield of positive cytologic results. For sensitive tests, it was necessary to collect pure pancreatic juice containing no contrast medium. High CEA levels and positive cytological results were significantly more frequent in pancreatic juice obtained 10 to 20 minutes after secretin stimulation than in those collected immediately after stimulation. Correct diagnosis of malignancy was made by CEA assay alone or by cytological examination alone in 68.2% of the patients examined, while a combination of these methods raised the diagnostic rate to 86.4%. PMID- 6627207 TI - Hodgkin's disease with predominant infradiaphragmatic involvement and massive invasion of the bone marrow. A necropsic study of nine cases. AB - The authors report the results obtained in the necropsic study of nine cases of the so-called acute, visceral form of Hodgkin's disease (HD). Most of the patients (six men and three women, ranging from 42 to 74 years of age) lacked peripheral lymphadenopathies and had fever, weight loss, abnormality of hepatic function, and pancytopenia. Mixed cellularity was diagnosed in two, diffuse fibrosis in four, and reticular subtype of lymphocyte depletion in three cases. Despite the predominant infradiaphragmatic involvement, supradiaphragmatic lymph nodes were involved in six and tonsils in three cases. Spleen and bone marrow were involved in eight cases and the liver was involved in seven cases. In four cases there were also lesions in other extralymphoid organs. The involvement of the bone marrow was widespread and showed concurrent myelofibrosis and/or other signs of hematopoietic disturbance. There was a close relationship between the presence of vascular invasion (seven cases) and the extent of HD spread. It is concluded that despite its peculiarity, this form of HD fits the classic model of unicentric origin, lymphogenic contiguous spread, and hematogeneous dissemination, and should not be identified with any particular histologic type of HD. PMID- 6627208 TI - Lymphomas or leukemia presenting as ovarian tumors. An analysis of 42 cases. AB - Forty cases of ovarian lymphoma and two of extramedullary leukemia were examined with emphasis on histologic types correlated with age, modes of presentation, operative findings, including frequency of bilaterality and omental spread, clinical course following therapy, and problems in differential diagnosis. Although most cases were referred with diagnoses other than lymphoma (granulosa cell tumor or dysgerminoma, occasionally anaplastic tumor, Krukenberg tumor, or metastatic breast carcinoma), utilization of sections cut at 4 mu and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, or sections stained by the methyl green pyronine (MGP), naphthol-ASD esterase (NASD) or periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) methods helped bring out the lymphoid or hematopoietic nature of the cells. Sixteen patients were under 20 years of age. They had small noncleaved cell lymphoma (undifferentiated Burkitt's and non-Burkitt's, 10 cases), diffuse immunoblastic large cell lymphoma (4 cases), or acute granulocytic leukemia (2 cases). Twenty six patients were 29 to 74 years of age and had diffuse large cell lymphoma (10 cases), diffuse immunoblastic large cell lymphoma (9 cases), follicular (nodular) lymphoma (6 cases) or small noncleaved cell lymphoma (1 case). Pain with an abdominal or pelvic mass was the most common presentation. Nine tumors were discovered during investigation of other gynecologic complaints. At laparotomy, the tumors in 55% of cases involved both ovaries, and in 64% also involved extragonadal sites (usually omentum, fallopian tubes, or lymph nodes). Seventeen patients had tumor affecting one ovary, seven of these without any evidence of extragonadal spread. Forty-two percent (15) of 37 patients with follow-up were alive after 2 years. Only nine patients survived more than 5 years; two subsequently died of lymphoma. Favorable prognostic features included: (1) FIGO stage IA; (2) unilateral ovarian involvement; (3) focal involvement of one ovary; and (4) follicular (nodular) lymphoma. PMID- 6627209 TI - Metastatic cancer to the larynx. Diagnosis and management. AB - A case of metastatic tumor in the larynx following successful treatment of a breast carcinoma and a colon carcinoma is presented. The lesion was visible by indirect laryngoscopy, and computed tomography of the larynx assisted in delineating the extent of the disease. The separation of primary adenocarcinoma of the larynx from metastases is discussed, as is the identification of the origin of a metastasis where two separate primaries have existed. Other reports of cancer metastatsizing to the larynx are reviewed. Tumor spread to the larynx may be asymptomatic or may result in hoarseness, stridor and/or airway obstruction. PMID- 6627210 TI - Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy in metastatic cancer to the lungs. AB - Seventy-eight patients with metastatic cancer to the lungs underwent flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy for diagnosis. The patients were divided into two groups by presenting radiographic pattern as: (I) diffuse linear interstitial infiltrations (55 patients); and (II) localized or multiple nodular opacities (23 patients). The diagnosis of cancer was established by bronchoscopy in both groups of patients with approximately equal frequency. In Group I, bronchoscopic biopsy results were positive in 34 patients (62%), cytology results were positive in 30 patients (55%), and 42 patients (76%) had a positive biopsy and/or cytology result. In group II, biopsy results were positive in 14 patients (61%), cytology results were positive in 8 patients (35%), and 15 (65%) patients had a positive biopsy and/or cytology result. Patients whose chest radiograph showed atelectasis, suggesting the presence of endobronchial metastases, were excluded from the study. However, endobronchial examination unexpectedly revealed metastatic endobronchial carcinoma in 9 patients, 4 in Group I and 5 in Group II. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy is a relatively simple and direct technique for the histologic diagnosis of metastatic cancer to the lungs. Endobronchial metastases are common, even when not suspected by radiographic examination. PMID- 6627211 TI - Seminoma metastasis to the terminal ileum after a 17-year disease-free interval. AB - This is a report of a metastasis of a pure seminoma to the ileum after a 17-year latent period. The patient had a previous history of stage I testicular seminoma treated with primary orchiectomy and radiotherapy. He presented clinically with ileocolic intussuseption caused by a solitary metastasis in the terminal ileum. The rarity of this event is discussed. PMID- 6627212 TI - Possible infectious etiology of six cases of Ewing's sarcoma in Western Australia. AB - Six cases of Ewing's sarcoma occurring in Western Australia during a 2-year period are reported. All six patients lived in rural habitats and reported exposure to farm animals. There was evidence of direct contact between two patients over a 3-year period preceding the diagnosis of their tumors. These features raise the possibility that Ewing's sarcoma has an infectious etiology. PMID- 6627214 TI - Preradiation chemotherapy for newly diagnosed childhood brain tumors. A modified Phase II trial. AB - A poor-risk population of children with primary malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumors, other than gliomas, can be identified by their young age, by the presence of disease dissemination at diagnosis, and possibly by subtotal resection of the primary tumor. These children require at least neuraxis radiation therapy and possibly chemotherapy for disease control. Unfortunately, once neuraxis radiation is administered, tolerance of subsequent chemotherapy is limited. The authors have explored a multimodal treatment approach in 14 poor risk patients initially consisting of a modified Phase II chemotherapy trial followed by neuraxis radiation. The diagnoses were medulloblastoma (5), pineoblastoma (3), cerebral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (3), germinoma (2), and choroid plexus carcinoma (1). Eleven patients had disseminated CNS disease, and two had bone marrow involvement at diagnosis. Nine patients received 2 courses of intravenous cyclophosphamide (80 mg/kg) alone over 8 weeks, and five others received three daily doses of intrathecal Ara-C (50 mg/m2) and oral hydroxyurea (40 mg/kg) with each course of cyclophosphamide. There were four complete responses (two dysgerminomas, one pineoblastoma, and one primitive neuroectodermal tumor), one partial response (medulloblastoma), and three mixed responses (two medulloblastomas, one pineoblastoma) to chemotherapy alone, for a response rate of 57%. Twelve patients subsequently tolerated the planned dose of neuraxis radiation. The median survival of all patients was 11 months, and seven of eight deaths were related to recurrent disease. The hematologic toxicity was appreciable, and one death resulted from gram-negative septicemia. Through the use of this type of Phase II trial, valuable information can be obtained on the response rates to specific chemotherapy agents administered prior to radiation. Although cyclophosphamide alone was an active agent in this context, these treatment regimens did not have an important affect on survival. PMID- 6627213 TI - Malignant mesothelioma. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) experience. AB - The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group has conducted a retrospective review of their experience of 96 patients with a tissue diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma treated between 1972 and 1980 on four separate sarcoma chemotherapy protocols. Thirty-two of the 96 patients were diagnosed and treated in South Africa. There were 75 males and 21 females with an age range of 27 to 78 with a median of 58.1 years. All, except for 28 patients, had some form of prior therapy. The median time from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 12 weeks; from the diagnosis to randomization was 15.1 weeks. Only 12 of the 96 patients demonstrated an objective regression. The responses were 7/51 on Adriamycin with 2 complete responses (complete responses--38 weeks and 52 weeks), 2/24 on Adriamycin combinations, 2/7 on cycloleucine, 1/3 on bleomycin, and 0/10 on non-Adriamycin combinations. Only 1/28 responded to a cross-over therapy (Adriamycin). The median survival from the start of protocol chemotherapy was 7.4 months and 7.5 months for Adriamycin treated patients. The median survival for responders was 29.9 months, compared to 6.3 months for nonresponders. The median survival for this entire series from the time of first symptoms was 15.2 months. The median survival for the 7 patients with abdominal mesothelioma was 12 weeks. There was a slight improvement in survival for the South Africans as compared to the Americans. Malignant mesothelioma in this series, was a rapidly lethal, nonresponsive disease whose treatment will require new therapies. PMID- 6627215 TI - Primary gastric lymphoma. An analysis with emphasis on prognostic factors and radiation therapy. AB - Primary gastric lymphoma, lymphoma originating in the stomach, without involvement of peripheral or mediastinal lymph nodes, viscera, or the bloodstream, is sufficiently uncommon that the indications for radiation therapy, the dose of irradiation necessary for control of lymphoma, optimum field size, and patterns of failure have never been established. The authors identified 26 patients, and reviewed their charts and pathologic material. Their overall 5-year survival was 57%. Factors significantly influencing 5-year survival were serosal penetration (32% versus 91%), regional lymph node involvement (33% versus 81%), and location on the lesser curvature (20% versus 89%). Histologic characteristics, extent of surgery, and, provided the patient was irradiated, involvement of surgical margins did not influence survival. Overall, survival was not affected by irradiation, but in patients with poor prognostic factors there appeared to be a beneficial effect. Analysis of local control in this and other series suggests that patients should receive at least 40 Gy, and that whole abdominal irradiation is not necessary. The majority of failures were distant, indicating a need for effective systemic therapy. PMID- 6627216 TI - Immunosuppressive acidic protein in patients with ovarian cancer. AB - Serum immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) was determined in 63 patients with ovarian tumors (33 benign and 30 malignant) and 79 healthy female controls, and was examined as a marker for ovarian cancer in comparison with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The mean value of serum IAP in patients with ovarian cancer (1085 +/- 474 micrograms/ml) was statistically higher than those of both benign tumors (394 +/- 93 micrograms/ml) and controls (298 +/- 92 micrograms/ml). Elevated levels of IAP and CEA were found in 93.3% and 30.0% of patients with ovarian cancer, respectively. There were three false-positive cases with IAP and two with CEA. Elevation of IAP was recognized in all cancer patients in Stage I, whereas 33.3% of these patients showed elevated CEA. The occurrence of elevated serum IAP was not affected by tumor histologic features. Serial IAP determination appeared to provide a useful follow-up marker in patients in whom CEA was low in value. The measurement of serum IAP is highly recommended as an addition to the conventional diagnostic methods. PMID- 6627217 TI - An abnormal pancreatico-choledocho-ductal junction in cases of biliary tract carcinoma. AB - A histopathologic study on how the common bile duct and main pancreatic duct open into the duodenum was performed on 72 autopsied cases of biliary tract carcinoma. Type IIIb which was considered to be an abnormal pancreatico-choledocho-ductal junction was identified in 8 of 34 cases in common bile duct carcinoma and in 4 of 24 cases in gallbladder carcinoma, while none of the control cases belonging to Type IIIb. In cases of Type IIIb, reflux of pancreatic juice may occur into the bile duct and produce the repeated inflammation on the biliary tract. Therefore, the abnormal pancreatico-choledocho-ductal junction was suggested to be one of the pathogenic factors which cause biliary tract carcinoma. PMID- 6627218 TI - Grading of oligodendrogliomas. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of histologic grading of oligodendrogliomas in a retrospective study. 323 cases with adequate clinical information and confirmatory histological material were acquired from the files of the AFIP. A grading system was devised using the following criteria: endothelial proliferation, necrosis, nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, cell density and pleomorphism. The grading system separated 23% of the cases into grade A, 49% into grade B, 22% into grade C and 6% into grade D. Statistical analysis showed that the grading system significantly correlated with survival (P less than or equal to 0.01). Median survival periods for each grade were as follows: grade A, 94 months; grade B, 51 months; grade C, 45 months; grade D, 17 months. Of the five factors comprising grade, only pleomorphism was significantly correlated with survival by itself (P less than or equal to 0.01). It is concluded that grading of this form of glioma can be an effective estimate of prognosis. PMID- 6627219 TI - Estrogen and progesterone receptor assays on breast carcinoma from mastectomy specimens. AB - To determine whether autolytic loss of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) receptors might affect results of assays performed on primary carcinoma samples taken from fresh mastectomy specimens rather than from biopsy specimens, a group of 71 cases were examined, in which both types of samples were assayed. The comparisons showed a small significant reduction in the proportion of positive ER assay results in mastectomy-primary specimens compared with biopsy specimens, although the frequency of high-binding ER results in the mastectomy-primary specimens was not reduced. The number of positive PgR assays on mastectomy primary specimens was not reduced in comparison with biopsy specimens. Correlation coefficients for ER values in the paired data were r = 0.836 for biopsy versus mastectomy, and r = 0.795 for primary tumor versus nodal metastasis. For PgR biopsy versus mastectomy r = 0.664, and for PgR primary versus node r = 0.352. The mean quantitative ER and PgR values were significantly higher in axillary lymph nodal metastases than in primary carcinomas, and the higher nodal receptor levels were explained in part by significantly higher tumor cellularity. It is concluded that while loss of ER sufficient to cause a false negative interpretation may possibly occur in a few cases during the course of mastectomy, as a general rule, significant losses do not occur. The performance of assays on axillary metastases in mastectomy specimens is advantageous because of their high cellularity. PMID- 6627220 TI - Ratios of pleural fluid to serum immunoglobulins in malignant pleural effusions. AB - Pleural fluid and serum protein electrophoresis and quantitative immunoglobulin measurements were carried out in patients with pleural effusions. The mean pleural fluid/serum ratios of IgA, IgG, and IgM were elevated in patients with malignant pleural effusions compared with patients with nonmalignant pleural effusions (P less than 0.04). The sensitivity of a pleural/serum IgA, IgG ratio P greater than 0.6 was 46%, 69%, respectively, and for IgM ratio greater than 0.5 was 28%. The specificity for these same ratios was 89%, 74%, and 100% respectively. PMID- 6627221 TI - Segmental mastectomy without radiotherapy. Short-term follow-up. AB - Short-term treatment failures following 43 segmental mastectomies without radiation therapy and 157 total mastectomies for primary operable breast cancer Stages I and II (T1-2, N0-1, M0) are compared. Although not randomized by design, the patients in the two treatment groups were of similar age and had tumors of comparable histologic type, size, grade, and stage. The overall recurrence rates in an average follow-up of 24 months (range, 6-48 months) were 5% for patients treated by standard mastectomy and 19% for those treated by segmental mastectomy. Recurrence rates in patients with the more commonly encountered carcinomas of 11 to 50 mm in size treated by surgery alone were 7.5% for total mastectomy and 28.0% for segmental mastectomy. Nearly all of this difference relates to a higher frequency of local recurrence in the segmental mastectomy group (P = less than 0.005). Recurrent disease in both groups developed at comparable intervals, averaging 17 months for segmental mastectomy and 16 months for total mastectomy. Using a serial subgross technique, which permitted detection of clinically unsuspected involvement of resection margin by microscopic foci of carcinoma, it was noted that such involvement was an important prognostic indicator for local recurrence. Five of eleven breast resections with this feature developed local recurrence, compared with only 3 of 32 without such involvement of the resection margin. PMID- 6627223 TI - Cytogenetics of childhood preleukemia. AB - Chromosome studies were done on ten children with childhood preleukemia characterized by anemia, thrombocytopenia, blasts in the circulation, and hypercellular marrow with excess blasts. The syndrome was clinically similar to adult preleukemia (myelodysplastic disorder). A chromosomally abnormal clone was found in the marrow in five patients: three with monosomy 7; one with a chromosome No. 21 replaced by two isochromosomes for 21q; and one with multiple alterations including an extra, abnormal chromosome No. 7. It was not apparent that a karyotypic change indicated a worse prognosis. The observed chromosome abnormalities appeared to overlap less with those in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia occurring de novo than is the case in adults, perhaps reflecting differing contributions of genetic and environmental factors to the pathogenesis of the disease at different ages. PMID- 6627222 TI - The predictive value of initial cytogenetic studies in 148 adults with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: a 12-year study (1970-1982). AB - When leukemic blood or marrow specimens from 148 adults with newly diagnosed acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) were studied with chromosome banding techniques, 79 were found to have clonal abnormalities. Among 130 treated patients, the 53 with initially normal karyotypes had a significantly longer survival rate than the 16 in whom no normal metaphases were observed (p = 0.02). The 55 patients with both normal and abnormal metaphase cells had an intermediate survival. Once a complete remission had been attained, however, there was no significant difference in median survival between those patients with entirely normal karyotypes and those with abnormal karyotypes. Among the various FAB morphologic subsets of ANLL, the differences in complete remission rate and overall survival between the various cytogenetic subsets were greatest in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML, M1 + M2). The presence of an abnormal clone was a more important predictor of clinical outcome (p = 0.02) than the presence of normal stem cell clones. Aneuploidy alone (hyperdiploidy or hypodiploidy) was not of predictive value, indicating that the use of banding techniques to identify structural rearrangements in pseudodiploid cells was essential. Clonal chromosomal abnormalities were nonrandom and acquired, and specific abnormalities were closely associated with specific clinical-pathologic subsets of ANLL. All 13 patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia and adequate cytogenetic specimens had t(15;17); this translocation was not found in any other subset of ANLL. Six patients with AML (M2) had t(8;21) or a variant of this rearrangement. Seven patients had inv(16)(p13q22) associated with acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMMoL, M4) and abnormal marrow eosinophils. Two patients had ins(3;3) and thrombocytosis. Four patients had a translocation involving 11q, but none of these had acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL, M5); no patient had del(11q). PMID- 6627224 TI - Chemical clastogenicity in lymphoid cell lines of chromosomal instability syndromes. AB - Long-term lymphoid cell lines (LCL) derived from normal individuals, patients with ataxia telangiectasia (A-T), xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), and Fanconi anemia (FA) were exposed to various concentrations of 11 chemical clastogens. The agents were chosen to represent a variety of suggested modes of action. In contrast to all other genotypes, the FA lines demonstrated significant rates of spontaneous chromosomal breakage and showed hypersensitivity to all of the clastogens employed. Variability among lines within a genotype suggested individual responses to specific agents. Computation of "corrected values" to address the problem of baseline disparity removed some of the significant differences between the FA and other lines. Nonetheless, following correction, the FA genotype was still delineated by clastogens which are not DNA cross-linkers. The A-T lines were specifically identified by the induction of chromosome damage by bleomycin and neocarzinostatin. PMID- 6627225 TI - Absence of heteromorphism of chromosome #2 homologues in patients with hereditary adenomatosis of the colon and rectum. AB - Measurement analysis of lymphocyte prometaphase chromosomes from three patients with hereditary adenomatosis of the colon and rectum could not confirm the heteromorphism of chromosome #2 homologues, which was suggested by Gardner et al. Instead, the analysis showed to what extent individual homologous pairs are "heteromorphic" quantitatively. PMID- 6627226 TI - The defects in all classes of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase-deficient mutant of mouse hepatoma line, Hepa-1, are restricted to activities catalyzed by cytochrome P-450. AB - The extent of phenotypic derangement was investigated in representative aryl hydroxylase-deficient mutants of Hepa-1. One mutant is dominant while the others are recessive and are mutated in 3 different genes. All the mutants lacked ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity as well as aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase. However all had normal activities of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, epoxide hydrolase and ornithine decarboxylase. They also retained 2 liver-specific functions possessed by the parental line, namely albumin secretion and transferrin secretion. The phenotypic alterations in the mutants were therefore restricted to the cytochrome P-450 activities measured. PMID- 6627227 TI - Induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis in HeLa cells by allylic compounds. AB - Thirteen allylic compounds, mostly with close structural relationship, were tested for their ability to induce unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in HeLa cells and mutations in the Ames test; 11 induced UDS in dose dependence. Allyl isothiocyanate was negative in UDS (borderline in the Ames test) and acrolein (positive in the Ames test) proved toxic to HeLa cells, therefore UDS measurement was excluded. In general, positive qualitative and quantitative correlation between UDS, Ames test and alkylating properties (as measured in the 4 nitrobenzyl-pyridine test, NBP) were found. Among structural analogs and typical allylic compounds with various leaving groups, the amount of induced DNA repair at equimolar concentrations decreased in the same order as the mutagenic and alkylating activities in the other 2 test systems: 1,3-dichloropropene (cis) greater than 1,3-dichloropropene (trans) greater than 2,3-dichloro-1-propene; 1 chloro-2-butene greater than 3-chloro-1-butene greater than 3-chloro-2-methyl-1 propene greater than allyl chloride; allyl-methane-sulfonate greater than -iodide greater than -bromide greater than -chloride. PMID- 6627228 TI - Lymphocytic infiltration of bronchioloalveolar adenomas in mice. AB - The proportion of mouse lung adenomas with associated lymphocytes was examined in relation to tumor histology, location within the lung, tumor invasiveness and surface lymphocyte markers. The highest proportion of lymphocyte positive tumors was found on the pleural surface in contact with lymphatics. Seventy eight percent of pleural Clara cell but only 16% of alveolar cell adenomas were positive for lymphocytes (P less than 0.001). The majority of tumor associated lymphocytes were Ig-positive, either IgG (53%) or IgA (45%). No correlation was found between lymphocytic infiltration and tumor invasiveness. Our data suggest that the affinity of lymphocytes for Clara cell adenomas may be determined by intrinsic differences between the two tumors rather than to biologic behavior. PMID- 6627229 TI - The metabolism of 3-methylcholanthrene by liver and lung microsomes: effect of enzyme inducing agents. AB - The metabolism of 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) by rat liver and lung microsomes was investigated. The animals were pretreated with various inducing agents to determine the effect which microsomal induction has on metabolic profile. Metabolites were separated by high pressure liquid chromatography. Major metabolism was associated with three peaks: 2-hydroxy-3-MC, 1-hydroxy-3-MC and a peak that co-chromatographs with 3-MC 11,12-oxide and probably contains phenols. Pretreatment of animals with various inducing agents caused an increase in total metabolism as well as in specific metabolites. However, lung microsomes from phenobarbital treated animals were less efficient at metabolizing 3-MC than control microsomes. Liver and lung microsomes converted 3-MC to qualitatively similar products. No metabolites were formed by lung microsomes that were not also formed by those from liver. PMID- 6627230 TI - Comparative carcinogenicity in F344 rats and Syrian golden hamsters of N' nitrosonornicotine and N'-nitrosonornicotine-1-N-oxide. AB - N'-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) or N'-nitrosonornicotine-1-N-oxide (NNN-1-N-oxide), one of its metabolites, was added to the drinking water (0.012% for 36 weeks) of groups of male and female F344 rats or to the drinking water (0.016% for 31 weeks) of groups of male and female Syrian golden hamsters. All rats treated with NNN had died after 12 months but 50% of those treated with NNN-1-N-oxide survived for 22 months. NNN induced esophageal tumors in 23/24 rats and nasal cavity tumors in 21/24 rats. NNN-1-N-oxide induced esophageal tumors in 10/24 rats and nasal cavity tumors in 18/24 rats. There was no difference in survival rates among hamsters treated with either NNN or NNN-1-N-oxide. NNN induced tracheal tumors in 2/20 hamsters and nasal cavity tumors in 4/20 hamsters. NNN-1-N-oxide did not induce respiratory tract tumors in hamsters. These results demonstrate that NNN-1-N-oxide is less carcinogenic than NNN in F344 rats and Syrian golden hamsters. PMID- 6627231 TI - Bioassay for carcinogenicity of 3,2'-dimethyl-4-nitrosobiphenyl, O nitrosotoluene, nitrosobenzene and the corresponding amines in Syrian golden hamsters. AB - 3,2'-Dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl and 3,2'-dimethyl-4-nitrosobiphenyl were administered by subcutaneous injection in peanut oil to 2 groups of 15 male and 15 female Syrian golden hamsters. The total dose of each compound was 5.6 mmol/kg. In the group treated with 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl, 24 animals had bladder tumors. In the group treated with 3,2'-dimethyl-4-nitrosobiphenyl 25 animals had subcutaneous tumors and 2 had bladder tumors. These results indicate that 3,2'-dimethyl-4-nitrosobiphenyl is a potent locally acting carcinogen. Total doses of 99 mmol/kg of aniline, o-toluidine, nitrosobenzene, or o-nitrosotoluene administered by subcutaneous injection failed to induce tumors. PMID- 6627232 TI - Is baclofen an analgesic? AB - Baclofen has been reported to be an analgesic in a wide variety of animal pain models. To study the analgesic potential of baclofen in humans, we used a postoperative dental pain model. Thirty-three patients were enrolled in a double blind study using either baclofen, acetaminophen, or placebo. There was a statistically significant difference in pain reduction at 1 and 2 h after acetaminophen ingestion, compared to that of placebo. Baclofen was not statistically superior to placebo at any one of the four hourly measurements. In contrast to the promising animal work with baclofen as an analgesic, our study in humans does not support the notion that baclofen is an analgesic. PMID- 6627233 TI - Effect of decortication on striatal dopamine turnover. AB - In rat striatum, frontal decortication did not affect the basal and the haloperidol-induced increases in dopamine (DA) turnover and the elevation in DA and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid concentrations produced by systemic administration of L-Dopa. These findings fail to support a role for the corticostriatal afferents in modulation of dopamine synthesis and release by nigrostriatal neurons. They suggest that DA receptors presumably localized on presynaptic corticostriatal terminals do not mediate the acceleration of DA turnover induced by neuroleptics. Data also indicate that corticostriatal terminals do not represent a locus for decarboxylation of exogenous L-Dopa to DA in the striatum. PMID- 6627234 TI - Symposium on cellular resistance to anticancer drugs. Introduction. PMID- 6627235 TI - Symposium on cellular resistance to anticancer drugs. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, February 25, 1983. PMID- 6627236 TI - Quantitative model for multiple levels of drug resistance in clinical tumors. AB - A mathematical model to examine the effect of cellular differentiation on phenotypic drug resistance in neoplasms is proposed. Attention is restricted to the maintenance of stem cell proliferative capacity. For fixed mutation rates, tumors in which loss of stem cell capacity occurs with high frequency will have a higher proportion of resistant stem cells than those in which such loss is infrequent. The acquisition of multiple levels of drug resistance will proceed at a disproportionately accelerated pace, which leads to greater degrees of incurability for tumors with a stem cell compartment of a given size. This model directly predicts that the phenotypic heterogeneity of slow-growing advanced clinical tumors will be very great. However, as this heterogeneity depends on both the size and the age of the tumor, there will be a period early in the development of the tumor when it should be susceptible to drug-induced cure. This potential for curability at an early stage may not be reflected in the pattern of drug responsiveness of the advanced tumor. PMID- 6627237 TI - Phase I-II study of 120-hour infused 5-FU and split-course radiation therapy in localized non-small cell lung cancer. AB - Thirty patients with locally advanced nonresectable non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma were studied for tolerance and response to 120-hour continuously infused 5-FU (IFU) combined with chest x-ray therapy. The IFU was escalated in patient groups from 20 to 35 mg/kg/24 hours. Radiation was also escalated in patient subsets from 200 to 400 rads/fraction using a split-course technique to a total dose of 5000 rads. Tolerance was exceeded by IFU doses of 35 mg/kg/day. The complete response rate was ten of 28 patients (36%); a complete response was associated with a significantly prolonged survival. Radiosensitization of lung cancer by IFU appears clinically feasible in man. PMID- 6627238 TI - Evaluation of mitolactol in women with advanced breast cancer and prior chemotherapy exposure. PMID- 6627239 TI - Ifosfamide in combination chemotherapy for sarcomas and testicular carcinomas. AB - The efficacy of ifosfamide combination chemotherapy was studied in 164 patients, 94 with advanced testicular carcinoma and 70 with metastatic sarcoma. Ifosfamide was given at 40-60 mg/kg/day i.v. on five consecutive days every 3-4 weeks together with mesna prophylaxis with 8 mg/kg i.v. being used at 0, 4 and 8 h after ifosfamide administration. Of 70 sarcoma patients 57 were evaluable for response, of whom 49 had received prior chemotherapy. The overall response rate was 46% (26/57) including 3 complete (CR) and 14 partial remissions (PR). Ninety four patients with germ cell tumours of the testis were treated. Of 16 seminoma patients 15 achieved CR or PR. Seventy-eight patients with nonseminomatous testicular cancer who had received previous chemotherapy were either treated with ifosfamide/etoposide (n = 63, remission rate: 30%) or ifosfamide/cisplatin (n = 15, CR + PR: 33%). These results indicate that ifosfamide alone or in combination is active in sarcomas, seminomas and teratomas and that further studies are warranted employing the drug in first-line regimens. PMID- 6627240 TI - Treatment of refractory malignant lymphomas with ifosfamide/etoposide combination chemotherapy. AB - Twenty patients with malignant lymphomas refractory to prior combination chemotherapy were treated with ifosfamide (40 mg/kg/day i.v. days 1-5) and etoposide (120 mg/m2/day i.v., days 1, 3, 5). Altogether, 56 courses of treatment were given with prophylaxis of urinary side effects by mesna (8 mg/kg i.v. 0, 4, 8 hours after ifosfamide). The overall response rate (min. 25% tumor reduction) was 14/20 (70%) including 5/8 partial remissions in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 2/12 partial remissions in patients with Hodgkin's disease. The lower total response rate of 7/12 in patients with Hodgkin's disease in comparison to 7/8 in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma may be related to the different sensitivity of both diseases or to differences in the extent and duration of prior chemotherapy. As combination chemotherapy with ifosfamide/etoposide proved to be effective in refractory malignant lymphomas this combination may be included in combination chemotherapy programs for the salvage therapy or the initial treatment of malignant lymphomas with the alternation of non-cross-resistant chemotherapy combinations. PMID- 6627241 TI - Treatment of refractory malignant neoplasms with ifosfamide as single agent and in combination chemotherapy. PMID- 6627242 TI - 2-Chloroacetaldehyde: a metabolite of cyclophosphamide in the rat. AB - Chloroacetaldehyde has been shown to be a urinary metabolite of cyclophosphamide in the rat. It was identified in the urine of rats given a mixture of [ring C-4, 14C]-cyclophosphamide and [chloroethyl-3H]-cyclophosphamide as its 2,4 dinitrophenyl-hydrazone derivative by its 3H label and by its co-chromatography with chemically synthesised chloroacetaldehyde. The reaction of chloroacetaldehyde with another urinary metabolite of cyclophosphamide is discussed and a nornitrogen mustard adduct postulated. The toxicity of chloroacetaldehyde is also discussed particularly in relation to the urinary bladder. PMID- 6627243 TI - Normal tissue toxicity and antitumour experiments carried out in mice using high dose cyclophosphamide. PMID- 6627244 TI - The oxazaphosphorines. PMID- 6627246 TI - Synthesis of a nona- and an undeca-saccharide that form part of the complex type of carbohydrate moiety of glycoproteins. AB - Silver trifluoromethanesulfonate-promoted condensation of 3,6-di-O-acetyl-2-deoxy 2-phthalimido-4-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D- galactopyranosyl)-beta-D glucopyranosyl bromide with benzyl 2,4,-di-O-benzyl-6-O-(3,4-di-O-benzyl-alpha-D mannopyranosyl)-3-O-(3,6-di-O- benzyl-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl)-alpha-D mannopyranoside gave nonasaccharide and undecasaccharide derivatives. The nonasaccharide 2 and the undecasaccharide 3 were obtained by removal of the protecting groups followed by N-acetylation. (formula; see text). PMID- 6627245 TI - Biosynthesis of a D-glucosyl polyisoprenyl diphosphate in particulate preparations of Micrococcus lysodeikticus. AB - Particulate fractions of Micrococcus lysodeikticus incubated with UDP-D [14C]glucose incorporated radioactivity into a chloroform - methanol-soluble, low mol. wt. compound, and into a polymer. The low-mol. wt. compound consisted of a glucolipid that was extremely labile to mild acid hydrolysis with the formation of D-[14C]glucose, and to mild alkali, yielding 14C-labeled alpha-D-glucopyranose 1,2-phosphate and D-glucose 2-phosphate. The labeled glucolipid was eluted from a DEAE-cellulose column at a salt concentration higher than that required by synthetic ficaprenyl (D-glucopyranosyl phosphate), and it migrated more slowly than the latter compound in t.l.c. Formation of the glucolipid was stimulated by exogenous ficaprenyl phosphate, but not by C55-dolichyl phosphate. These results suggest that the [14C]glucolipid has the characteristic properties of a polyisoprenyl glucosyl diphosphate. PMID- 6627247 TI - Characterization of the neutral glycopeptides containing the structure alpha-L fucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose from human neuroblastoma cells. AB - Human tumor cells of neurectoderm origin contain a high proportion of alpha-L fucosyl linkages were determined by high-resolution, 500-MHz, 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy which gave signals characteristic for alpha-L-Fucp-(1 leads to 3)-D GlcNAc residues these L-fucosyl residues. This was shown by use of a specific alpha-L-fucosidase from almond emulsin and a broad-spectrum alpha-L-fucosidase from rat testes. The exact alpha-L-fucosyl linkages were determined by high resolution, 500-MHz, 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy which gave signals characteristic for alpha-L-Fucp-(1 leads to 3)-D-GlcNAc residues linked to branches and for alpha-L Fucp-(1 leads to 6)-D-GlcNAc residues linked to the core. More than 95% of the asparagine-linked GlcNAc residues were substituted with (1 leads to 6)-alpha-L fucosyl groups. Further definition of the range of neutral glycopeptides was obtained with immobilized lectins. Binding to E-PHA-agarose suggested the presence of a beta-D-mannopyranosyl residue substituted at O-4 by a 2-acetamido-2 deoxy-D-glucopyranosyl group. alpha-L-Fucp-(1 leads to 3)-GlcNAc interfered with this binding since removal of alpha-L-fucosyl groups by almond emulsin alpha-L fucosidase increased the binding by 100%. These studies demonstrate the ability of a combination of high-resolution 1H-n.m.r., enzyme degradation, and lectin binding affinities to delineate structural elements of small amounts of oligosaccharide residues. PMID- 6627248 TI - Hybrid, sialylated N-glycans accumulate in a ricin-resistant mutant of baby hamster kidney BHK cells. AB - Glycoproteins synthesized in a ricin-resistant mutant of BHK cells, clone RICR21, were labelled by growth of the cells in radioactive D-mannose, D-glucosamine, or L-fucose. Glycopeptides obtained from disrupted cells by exhaustive digestion with Pronase were fractionated into components binding to concanavalin A Sepharose and nonbinding components. The binding components eluted with methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside were separated by gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-4 into two main subfractions: an oligomannosidic fraction that was susceptible to Jack bean alpha-D-mannosidase and a fraction that became totally degraded only in the additional presence of neuraminidase, beta-D-galactosidase, and N-acetyl-beta-D glucosaminidase. Further analysis of the latter fraction by exoglycosidase digestion together with consideration of the known pathways for the biosynthesis of asparagine-linked sugar chains of glycoproteins was consistent with a "hybrid" structure containing a NeuAc leads to Gal leads to GlcNAc sequence linked to the alpha-D-mannosyl-(1 leads to 3) residue of the core sequence, and a terminal alpha-D-mannosyl group linked to the alpha-(1 leads to 6) branch of the core sequence. The hybrid fraction was labelled after growth of the cells in radioactive L-fucose and was adsorbed to a lentil lectin-Sepharose column indicating the presence of core fucosylation. The novel structure represented about 30-35% of the total cellular glycopeptides of RICR21 cells and was not present in the glycopeptides of normal, ricin-sensitive BHK cells. Conversely, double-branched (biantennary) complex N-glycans, a prominent constituent of BHK cell glycoproteins, were absent in RICR21 cells, and analysis of the nonbinding fraction obtained from concanavalin A-Sepharose indicated that triple- and quadruple-branched (tri- and tetra-antennary), complex N-glycans present in normal BHK cell glycoproteins were also absent. PMID- 6627249 TI - Structural requirements for the binding of high-mannose-type glycopeptides to immobilized pokeweed Pa-2 lectin. AB - The structural requirements for the interaction of asparagine-linked glycopeptides with immobilized pokeweed mitogen Pa-2 were investigated. Some high mannose-type glycopeptides obtained from porcine thyroglobulin were found to have strong affinity for Pa-2-Sepharose, whereas complex- and hybrid-type glycopeptides were shown to have much weaker affinity. The elution profiles of various glycopeptides modified by glycosidase treatment and acetolysis showed that the total structure alpha-D-Manp-(1 leads to 2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1 leads to 2) alpha-D-Manp-(1 leads to 3)-beta-D-Manp-(1 leads to 4)-beta-GlcpNAc-(1 leads to 4)-beta-GlcpNAc leads to Asn was essential for the binding of glycopeptides to a Pa-2-Sepharose column. PMID- 6627251 TI - Reactivity of glycosidase-treated, blood-group M and N glycopeptides with lectins. PMID- 6627250 TI - Studies on the possible chemical, immunochemical and morphological differences at the cell surfaces of immunosensitive and immunoresistant, Moloney virus-induced, lymphoma cell-lines. AB - Comparison was made of several cell-surface parameters in the immunosensitive, Moloney virus-induced, mouse lymphoma, YAC, and its immunoresistant variant, YACIR. The characteristics of the two cell lines appeared to be similar by most of the criteria employed. The poly(acrylamide)-gel electrophoresis (with sodium dodecyl sulfate) patterns, after staining with Coomassie Brilliant Blue, of detergent-solubilized materials, appeared to be identical. After elution from a gel filtration column, no major differences were observed in the protein profiles of material cleaved from viable cells by proteolysis. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed no major differences between the YAC and YACIR cells. The concentration of the lectins, Ricinus communis agglutinin, concanavalin A, wheat-germ agglutinin, and Solanum tuberosum (potato) agglutinin, required to agglutinate viable cells of the two lines were not significantly different. Neither cell was agglutinated by the lectins from Dolichos biflorus or Vicia graminea. Significant differences were, however, observed in the concentrations of lectin from Arachis hypogaea (peanut) needed to agglutinate the two cells. Although similar amounts (184-188 micrograms/10(9) cells) of sialic acid were released from viable cells by neuraminidase (V. cholerae), striking differences were observed in the composition of this material: 48% of N glycolylneuraminic acid for YAC and 15% for YACIR. The remainder was N acetylneuraminic acid for each cell line. PMID- 6627252 TI - Synthesis and conformational properties of methyl 6,6-di-C-methyl-beta-D galactopyranoside. Probes for the combining sites of D-galactosyl-binding proteins. AB - The binding of D-galactopyranosyl groups by lectins and antibodies can involve the 5-hydroxymethyl group. In order to examine the nature of these binding reactions, it was of interest to synthesize 6,6-di-C-methyl-D-galactose which was found to exist, like D-galactose, extensively in the pyranose forms. 2,3,4,6 Tetra-O-acetyl-7-deoxy-6-C-methyl-alpha-D-galacto-heptopyranosyl bromide was prepared under standard conditions and converted into methyl 6,6-di-C methyl-beta D-galactopyranoside (6). Evidence based on 13C-n.m.r. studies indicates that the favored conformer of 6 has O-4 and O-6 in syn-axial-like relationship. General comments are presented on the nature of the binding of oligosaccharides by proteins. PMID- 6627253 TI - Isolation and characterization of a glycopeptide from human senescent erythrocytes. AB - A glycopeptide (called "senescence-factor glycopeptide", SF-G) has been isolated from a tryptic digest of human erythrocytes by specific adsorption and elution from immobilized peanut lectin. SF-G was detectable in old but not in young erythrocytes isolated from the same unit of blood. It is present in small quantities, less than 1% of the D-galactose oxidase-borotritide-labeled D galactosyl residues of erythrocytes. SF-G is free of sialic acid but is quite distinct from a similar glycopeptide isolated from completely desialylated erythrocytes. SF-G binds to spleen monocytes, and this property is abolished upon treatment of SF-G with beta-galactosidase. Some, but not all, of the oligosaccharide chains of the SF-G are of the O-glycosyl type, being released by an endo-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminidase. PMID- 6627254 TI - Lipids associated with rat small-intestinal mucus glycoprotein. AB - The lipid content and composition of rat small-intestinal mucus, and the purified mucus glycoprotein before and after Pronase digestion were investigated. The mucus, obtained by the instillation of intestine with 2M NaCl, was fractionated on Bio-Gel A-50 in the presence of 6M urea and the mucus glycoprotein free of noncovalently bound protein was isolated. A portion of the purified glycoprotein was subjected to Pronase digestion to yield glycopeptides. The native mucus, and the purified glycoprotein and glycopeptides were extracted with chloroform methanol, and the lipids contained in the extracts were analyzed. The lipids accounted for 17.6 of the dry weight of mucus, 26.4 of the mucus glycoprotein, and 25.3% of the glycopeptides. In comparison to mucus, the lipids associated with mucus glycoprotein contained 1.9 times more phospholipids and 2.1 times more glycolipids, showed a 26% increase in neutral lipids, and were virtually free of glycosphingolipids. Treatment of the purified glycoprotein with Pronase led to a moderate (22.3%) loss in neutral lipids, 4.3-fold decrease in phospholipids, and 52.3% increase in glyceroglucolipids. The results indicate that while the interaction of mucus glycoprotein with phospholipids involves its Pronase susceptible region, the interaction with glyceroglucolipids occurs in the glycosylated region of the glycoprotein that is resistant to proteolysis. PMID- 6627255 TI - Structure of a water-insoluble D-glucan isolated from a streptococcal organism. AB - The structure of the extracellular polysaccharide (water-insoluble D-glucan) from an anaerobic, Gram-positive coccus organism (Streptococcus) has been investigated. Acid hydrolysis of the methylated glucan yielded 2,3,4,6-tetra-, 2,3,4-tri-, 2,4,6-tri, and 2,4-di-O-methyl-D-glucose in the molar ratios of 1.13:3.99:1.00:1.02, indicating that the D-glucan has a branched structure containing (1 leads to 6)- and (1 leads to 3)-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds with an average repeating unit of seven sugar residues. The D-glucan-polyalcohol, derived by successive periodate oxidation and borohydride reduction, gave, on complete hydrolysis with acid, glycerol and D-glucose (molar ratio, 2.2:1.0). Methylation of the D-glucan-polyalcohol yielded, upon hydrolysis, 2,4,6-tri-, and 2,4-di-O methyl-D-glucose (molar ratio, 1.0:1.1). Methylation of the D-glucan-polyalcohol following Smith degradation (mild acid hydrolysis) gave 2,4,6-tri-O-methyl-D glucose as the principal hydrolysis product, in addition to a trace of 2,3,4,6 tetra-O-methyl-D-glucose. PMID- 6627256 TI - Fast-atom-bombardment, negative-ion mass spectrometry of the mycobacterial O methyl-D-glucose polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharides. AB - The mycobacterial O-methyl-D-glucose polysaccharide (MGP) and its acylated derivatives, the O-methyl-D-glucose lipopolysaccharides (MGLP), have been analyzed by fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry (F.a.b.m.s.). The molecular ion peaks for MGP confirmed the degree of polymerization and, in addition, revealed a slight heterogeneity in the degree of methylation. Sequence ions were observed that are consistent with all known features of MGP structure. Spectra of the MGLP isomers confirmed the general distribution of the neutral and acidic acyl groups, and provided additional information regarding the specific location of individual acyl groups. The spectra of some MGLP preparations revealed that they were contaminated by lysophosphatidylinositol dimannoside. The study further documents the utility of F.a.b.m.s. for characterization of relatively large and complex carbohydrate derivatives. PMID- 6627257 TI - Angiographic findings in homocystinuria. AB - Homocystinuria (HC) is an inborn error of amino acid metabolism characterized by ectopia lentis, mental retardation, and skeletal abnormalities. Vascular disorders may also occur in HC, although they are less common. Arteriographic studies of two sisters with HC are described. The younger woman's renal arteries showed wall irregularities and aneurysms, narrowing of the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries, and some aneurysmatic changes. In the older patient, irregular right carotid and splenic arteries were seen and a splenic aneurysm was present. PMID- 6627258 TI - Cytologic diagnosis of renal carcinoma in the presence of inferior vena cava obstruction: case report. AB - Diagnostic work-up and staging of patients with renal tumors usually includes inferior vena cavography. In this case, complete occlusion of the cava was demonstrated by cavography while catheter aspiration yielded tumor fragments diagnostic of renal adenocarcinoma. Transcatheter aspiration in the presence of caval obstruction can provide preoperative tissue diagnosis as well as accurate tumor staging information. PMID- 6627259 TI - Vascular stenosis with retroperitoneal rhabdomyosarcoma in a child: case report. AB - Discovery on angiography of arterial stenosis in an 11-month-old girl with a retroperitoneal mass led to a preoperative diagnosis of neuroblastoma. Surgery revealed a rhabdomyosarcoma. The arteriographic appearance in both tumors may be identical. PMID- 6627260 TI - Applicability of liquid radiopaque polyurethane for transcatheter embolization. AB - Polyurethane Bayer was tested as an occlusive agent for experimental embolization in postmortem and postnephrectomy kidneys which served as a tumor model. Coaxial and balloon catheters were used for the embolization. To make polyurethane radiopaque, the material was labeled with different water-soluble, oily and solid contrast agents. Best results were achieved with oily contrast materials, e.g., Pantopaque. We found that polyurethane can easily be injected during a predetermined working time of 8-10 min. The embolization results in a complete, permanent, and homogeneous occlusion of the proximal arterial branches and small peripheral vessels. PMID- 6627262 TI - Patient radiation exposure during pediatric cardiac catheterization. AB - Exposure area product (EAP) and center field entrance exposure (free-in-air) were measured in seventeen pediatric patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. Exposures were recorded separately for biplane fluoroscopy and cine angiocardiography using flat-plate ionization chambers. In the posterior-anterior (PA) projections, median EAP was 425 Roentgen-square centimeter (R-cm2), with a range of 90.5-3,882 R-cm2;29-35% of this exposure occurred during cine filming. In the lateral projection, median EAP was 276 R-cm2 (range 117-1,173); 52-59% of this exposure was due to cine filming. Median center field entrance exposure in the PA view was 7.86 Roentgens (R) with a range 2.16-73.9 of and in the lateral projection 7.39 R (range 2.64-24.6). As much as 25% of the exposure from the entire examination was contributed by manual "test" exposures to set cine radiographic kVp. We recommend use of testing circuits, which determine cine radiographic factors automatically and thus should lower levels of exposure. PMID- 6627261 TI - Occlusion of a hepatic artery to portal vein fistula with bucrylate. AB - A 49-year-old woman with cirrhosis and portal hypertension was evaluated for a portal-systemic shunt procedure following recurrent variceal hemorrhage. The preoperative visceral angiogram demonstrated a hepatic arterial to portal venous fistula, presumably a complication of a previous liver biopsy. The fistula was successfully closed using isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Bucrylate) delivered through a flow-directed, calibrated-leak balloon microcatheter. PMID- 6627263 TI - Systemic-pulmonary arteriovenous fistula of traumatic origin: a case report. AB - Arteriovenous fistulas between the systemic circulation and the pulmonary artery are extremely rare. Continuous precordial murmur is the usual clinical sign while unilateral rib notching may be the only radiologic manifestation of this condition. Selective angiographic investigation is necessary to localize the site of such an arteriovenous (AV) fistula before surgery is performed. In a review of the literature of 15 published cases, the majority were of congenital origin, with four of these systemic-pulmonary AV fistulas of traumatic origin, of which one occurred after insertion of an intercostal catheter. We describe one case of traumatic origin 9 years after percutaneous thoracic drainage for spontaneous pneumothorax, in which transcatheter embolic occlusion of the feeding arteries of an AV fistula was attempted. The advantages and the disadvantages of the nonsurgical and surgical therapeutic approaches are discussed. PMID- 6627264 TI - Laceration of the inferior vena cava of angiographic demonstration. AB - Laceration of the inferior vena cava (IVC) often presents as an acute surgical emergency requiring immediate operative intervention. We show that when the patient's clinical condition permits, angiography may delineate the site of caval laceration and active hemorrhage, and identify associated arterial injuries. Contrast extravasation from the IVC also is reported for the first time. PMID- 6627265 TI - Steady state and instantaneous pressure-flow relationships: characterisation of the canine abdominal periphery. AB - This study was performed to characterise a vascular bed in terms of pressure-flow relationships. Steady state and instantaneous relationships were obtained in the flow perfused isolated femoral beds of six mongrel dogs. The steady state pressure-flow relations were obtained by applying a series of stepwise changes of flow in random order. The relations were found to be straight and to have a zero flow pressure intercept (P0). The slope of this relation is the differential resistance (Rd). On each steady state flow level a ramp-flow was superimposed. The pressure response was measured between 1.5 and 5 s after the start of the ramp-flow, to exclude compliance effects and (auto) regulatory effects, respectively. In this way instantaneous pressure-flow relations were obtained, the slope of this relation is the instantaneous resistance (Ri). The instantaneous resistance expresses the true physical resistance value at a working point of the steady state pressure-flow relation before the bed has performed its (auto)regulatory adaptation after a change in flow. Instantaneous resistance therefore characterises the vascular state that exists at that particular working point. After this particular vascular state has been modified by (auto)-regulation the steady state pressure-flow relation is reached again. Instantaneous resistance increases with increasing flow thereby approximating the value of the differential resistance. At the same flow a vasodilator decreases and a vasoconstrictor increases instantaneous resistance. The gain (G) of the system, that characterises the (auto)regulatory capability, was calculated as G = 1--Ri/Rd and was found to decrease with increasing flow. The (partial) reflection of travelling waves depends on both the characteristic impedance (Zc) and the instantaneous resistance rather than on differential or peripheral resistance. Furthermore it is the product of the instantaneous resistance (Ri) and vascular compliance (C) that determines the time constant of a vascular bed. PMID- 6627266 TI - Relation between ST and QRS vector changes and myoglobin release in acute myocardial infarction. AB - We analysed serum time activity curves for myoglobin (MG) and changes in the ST and QRS vectors for 18 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted within 4 h of the onset of pain. The MG release was completed 16 +/- 7 (7 to 36) h after onset of symptoms, and the QRS vector changes were completed after 14 +/- 5 (4 to 23) h. the ST vector decline ceased after 11 +/- 5 h. The temporal correlation between completion of: a) ST vectors and MG release was r = 0.78 (P less than 0.001); b) QRS vectors and MG release was r = 0.85 (P less than 0.001). Stepwise release of MG and changes in ST and QRS vectors were often related. Seventeen additional ST-peaks were followed by further MG-release in 13 instances and for 10 additional changes of the QRS vector eight were associated with further MG-release. We conclude that VCG changes and MG-release show a close temporal relationship. Additional events are often simultaneously reflected by these independent markers of myocardial ischaemia and necrosis. PMID- 6627267 TI - Role of the pericardium in the regulation of myocardial blood flow and its distribution in the normal and acutely failing left ventricle of the dog. AB - The effects of the pericardium on the amount and distribution of left ventricular myocardial blood flow were studied. In 10 normal dogs, transfusion of blood from a donor dog resulted in modest increases in coronary flow and ventricular diameter that were greater with an open than a closed pericardium. The ratio of subendocardial to subepicardial flow remained normal with or without the pericardium, at low and high diastolic ventricular pressure, and before and after pharmacological vasodilation with chromonar. In 18 dogs, cardiac failure was induced by constant infusion of the metabolic inhibitor, phenformin. Modest ventricular dilatation occurred if the pericardium was open. A progressive rise in myocardial blood flow developed in those with the pericardium open (1.06 rising to 3.02 ml . g-1 . min-1). A lesser increase (0.62 to 1.75 ml . g-1 . min 1) was seen in dogs with the pericardium closed; they selectively increased subendocardial flow, producing an average subendocardial to subepicardial flow ratio of 2.25. Pharmacological vasodilatation then resulted in uniform transmural flow. The pericardium can influence myocardial flow indirectly by influencing myocardial metabolic demand, when the heart is stressed. It may have a beneficial role in preventing the increased oxygen and coronary flow requirements produced by ventricular dilatation. PMID- 6627268 TI - Changes in total and transmural coronary blood flow induced by ethanol. AB - We studied the effects of ethanol on total coronary resistance and on the resistance across the left ventricular wall in the isolated empty beating heart of the dog. The coronaries were perfused with homologous fresh blood, thermoregulated at 37 degrees C and equilibrated with a gas mixture of O2 (95%) and CO2 (5%). Coronary flow distribution was measured with radioactive microspheres. In 22 experiments in which coronary flow was kept constant, ethanol (calculated concentration in the perfusing blood, 2.9 +/- 0.2 g . litre-1) produced a significant decrease in perfusion pressure (from 14.2 +/- 0.5 to 11.9 +/- 0.5 kPa, P less than 0.005). This decrease in perfusion pressure was not caused by metabolic autoregulation since ethanol produced a decrease in the oxygen consumption of the heart (2.19 +/- 0.43 to 1.62 +/- 0.31 cm3 . min-1 . 100 g-1, P less than 0.05). It was not caused, either, by a decrease in extravascular compression since ethanol did not produce any further decrease in perfusion pressure after maximal dilatation of the coronaries with dipyridamole. In experiments performed either at constant coronary flow or at constant perfusion pressure, flow across the left ventricular wall was redistributed towards the subendocardium during the vasodilatory effect of ethanol. Since in our experimental conditions, changes in the neurohumoral, metabolic and cardiac mechanical factors that influence coronary flow were discarded, this study demonstrates a direct vasodilatory effect of ethanol on the coronary vessels with a redistribution of flow towards the subendocardium. PMID- 6627269 TI - Interaction between overdrive excitation and overdrive suppression in canine Purkinje fibres. AB - The interaction between overdrive excitation and overdrive suppression was studied in canine Purkinje fibres perfused in vitro with a solution containing noradrenaline (10(-6) mol . litre-1) and/or high calcium (8.1 mmol . litre-1). The following results were obtained: 1) in the presence of either high calcium or noradrenaline, a fast drive induced at times an acceleration of the spontaneous rhythm; 2) the simultaneous administration of high calcium and noradrenaline quite often allowed the onset of overdrive excitation that showed different patterns; 3) short (5 to 10 s) and fast (60 to 180 min) drives elicited a rhythm that was fastest immediately after overdrive, gradually slowed toward control and could be followed by suppression; 4) in other instances, overdrive caused little acceleration but failed to induce suppression; 5) drives longer than 15 s usually induced only suppression, although there could be a few beats before suppression; 6) intermittent drive led to an initial excitation and then to suppression; 7) driving at a rate slower than the spontaneous rate caused a temporary suppression of the spontaneous discharge which resumed even if the slow drive continued; 8) excitation was not induced by overdriving in low calcium, even in the presence of noradrenaline. It is concluded that many of the in vivo features of overdrive excitation can be reproduced in vitro in small strands of Purkinje fibres. The relationship between overdrive excitation and overdrive suppression involves the opposing actions of drive on the oscillatory potential and on diastolic depolarisation. PMID- 6627270 TI - Apparent pulse wave velocity in the canine superior vena cava. AB - In order to evaluate clinically recorded jugular vein pulses it is necessary to understand the transmission process of the right atrial pressure pulse through the caval veins up to the jugular veins. The transmission speed at distinct points of the venous pressure curve was studied in the superior vena cava of 20 anaesthetised dogs. Under control conditions the propagation velocities varied from 1.2 +/- 0.49 to 2.5 +/- 1.36 m . s-1. During increased preload of the heart propagation velocities rose significantly from 2.2 to 4.2 m . s-1 per kPa as a function of mean venous pressure and from 2.3 to 5.8 m . s-1 per kPa as a function of phasic pressures. Right atrial pacing (between 60 and 120 beats . min 1) did not influence the propagation velocity of the studied distinct points. It was found that the summits of the pressure pulse propagate at only a slightly higher speed than the nadirs. PMID- 6627271 TI - Lysolecithin and acute coronary ligation in the anaesthetised dog. AB - The metabolism of lysolecithin by the normal and by the ischaemic heart was examined in eight anaesthetised dogs. Relative lysolecithin concentrations (%lysolecithin) were measured in arterial, local (ischaemic) venous and coronary sinus (nonischaemic) blood samples, withdrawn before and at 2, 6, 10, 15 and 20 min after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Before ligation, 9.0 +/- 0.8% of the arterial lecithin was in the form of the lyso derivative. The heart extracted lysolecithin, as reflected by the positive arterio-venous difference of lysolecithin. Arterio-venous differences of %lysolecithin across both the ischaemic and nonischaemic myocardium tended to diminish after coronary ligation, whether or not the dogs developed ventricular fibrillation. These results do not support the view that the formation of lysolecithin during ischaemia precipitates arrhythmias, since lysolecithin levels do not reach those necessary to induce electrophysiological abnormalities in vitro. Nor will the uniform response of the ischaemic and nonischaemic tissue result in metabolic heterogeneity leading to electrophysiological heterogeneity, which is thought to be an important factor in the development of re-entry arrhythmias. PMID- 6627272 TI - Effects of hyperkalaemia on sinus nodal function in dogs: sino-ventricular conduction. AB - The effects of hyperkalaemia on electrograms recorded from the sinus node, crista terminalis, Bachmann bundle, right and left atria and His bundle were studied in anaesthetised dogs. Increasing hyperkalaemia up to about 8.5 mol X litre-1 produced: 1) a gradual prolongation of the sino-crista terminalis interval, and 2) a shift in sinus pacemaker location. Hyperkalaemia between 8.5 and 10.0 mmol X litre-1 produced arrest of most of the atria but persistence of electrical activity of the sinus node, crista terminalis, Bachmann bundle, His bundle and ventricles and sustained sino-ventricular conduction. During the course of increasing hyperkalaemia, right atrial electrograms from sites closer to the crista terminalis disappeared later than those from sites more remote from the crista terminalis. Decremental conduction through sites progressively remote from the axis of the crista terminalis (and possibly also other "preferential pathways") seemed to be the basis of hyperkalaemic atrial arrest. PMID- 6627273 TI - Differences between rabbit sinoatrial pacemakers in their response to Mg, Ca and temperature. AB - The rabbit sinoatrial node is functionally inhomogeneous with respect to its response to changes in Mg concentration (0.6 to 6.0 mmol X litre-1) and in Ca concentration (1.1 to 2.2 mmol X litre-1) and to changes in experimental temperature (30 to 38 degrees C). High Mg (6.0 mmol X litre-1) stabilises the position of the leading pacemaker. This pacemaker decelerates under high Mg, but the subsidiary ones decelerate even more. Consequently when a subsidiary pacemaker turns dominant--eg under low Ca or at low temperature--an enhanced chronotropic response to high Mg is observed. The superior (cranial) part of the rabbit sinoatrial node is more responsive to changes in Ca concentration than the inferior (caudal) part. The same holds true for changes in temperature. PMID- 6627274 TI - Observations on the biphasic nature of digitalis electrophysiological actions in the human right atrium. AB - Cardiac electrophysiological effects of a digitalis glycoside have been investigated by right atrial intracardiac stimulation and recording in 12 patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Measurements were made of atrial effective refractoriness by pacing together with programmed premature extrastimulation. Simultaneous recordings of atrial action potential duration from a site close to the sinoatrial node and from a more distal atrial site were made using an endocardial contact-injury potential technique. All subjects received methyldigoxin 10.0 micrograms X kg-1 intravenously, while half were also pretreated with atropine. A biphasic response to methyldigoxin was observed, with initial action potential prolongation, maximal at 20 min post infusion, followed by significant action potential shortening which persisted to the end of the study period at 40 min. The initial phase, that of prolongation, was associated with smaller increases in atrial effective refractoriness and increased vulnerability to atrial tachyarrhythmia initiation. During the subsequent phase of action potential shortening, the gap between the termination of effective refractoriness and completion of action potential repolarisation was narrowed, coinciding with diminished vulnerability to tachyarrhythmias. Slight but significant atrioventricular conduction delay was apparent 30 to 40 min after glycoside infusion, indicating enhanced vagal activity during the phase of action potential shortening. Prior atropinisation reduced the magnitude of both early and late components of the biphasic action potential response to digitalis, supporting the proposition that both components are mediated via cardiac muscarinic receptors. Since vagal effects on the atrioventricular junction appeared during the later phase, it is suggested that initial action potential prolongation by digitalis may have been effected via local acetylcholine release, while subsequent action potential shortening may have been caused by a combination of vagally and locally mediated activity. PMID- 6627275 TI - Autonomic nervous control of heart rate: sympathetic-parasympathetic interactions and age related differences. AB - A factorial experimental design was used to quantify the changes in heart rate produced by stimulation of the cardiac sympathetic and vagal nerves in eleven adult dogs and four puppies, and to quantify the extent of the peripheral sympathetic-vagal interactions. The chronotropic responses to autonomic stimulation were significantly less in the puppies than in the adult dogs, which suggests that autonomic regulation is functionally incomplete in the puppies. In both adult dogs and puppies, the chronotropic responses to autonomic nerve stimulation were bilaterally asymmetrical. The heart rate responses to a given level of right-sided stimulation of either the sympathetic or vagal nerves were greater than those to comparable left-sided stimulation. In both adult dogs and puppies, there were significant sympathetic-vagal interactions, such that the sympathetic enhancement of heart rate was less effective the higher the background level of vagal activity. The sympathetic-vagal interactions were prominent in the puppies as well as in the adult animals, regardless of whether the stimulated sympathetic and vagal nerves were located ipsilaterally or contralaterally to one another. Thus, the mechanisms responsible for the sympathetic-vagal interactions appear to be fully developed in puppies. Also, the cardiac sympathetic nerve endings that originate from one side of the body must lie in close apposition to the cardiac vagal nerve endings that originate from either the same side or from the opposite side of the body. PMID- 6627276 TI - Impaired coronary flow and ventricular function in hearts of hypertensive rats. AB - Hearts of rats made hypertensive (BP greater than 150 mmHg) by left renal artery clipping and sham operated controls were studied in two series of experiments. In series I, cardiac function was studied in an isolated working heart apparatus at weeks 4, 9 to 10 and 16 to 17 post-surgery. In series II, coronary flow was studied during normoxic and anoxic retrograde perfusions at days 6 to 9 and at weeks 4 and 10 post-surgery. In series I, when compared with controls, hypertensives had lower body weights at weeks 4 and 9 to 10, and higher left ventricular weights at each period. Heart function was depressed for hypertensives when compared with controls as measured by lower stroke volume, peak left ventricular systolic pressure, stroke work, ejection fraction, positive dP/dt, peak aortic flow, and maximal flow acceleration. Relaxation rate as measured by negative dP/dt was also depressed. Hearts from hypertensives had significantly lower coronary flows and MVO2, and increased percent oxygen extraction and effluent lactate/pyruvate ratios. LVEDP was significantly elevated for hypertensives, when LVEDV (ml) was similar for hypertensives and controls. Myocardial actomyosin ATPase activity was depressed for hypertensives at weeks 9 to 10 and 16 to 17 post-surgery. In series II, when hearts were perfused retrogradely, coronary flow was lower for hypertensives than for controls during normoxia at days 6 to 9 and at week 4, and during anoxia at all time periods. The findings demonstrate that impaired coronary vascular reserve develops within days of the development of hypertension in rats, and this can be associated with impaired ventricular function. PMID- 6627278 TI - [Technical reference: the oblique topogram as an adjustment aid]. AB - The article points to the possibility of producing a topogram with the gantry in oblique position. Although this yields a distorted image, it enables accurate planning of the section and also a localization of objects in slanted position, for example, the intervertebral disks of the lower lumbar vertebral column, thus saving the patient time, material and radiation exposure. PMID- 6627277 TI - Influence of vagotomy on changes in feline plasma catecholamine levels induced by occlusion of either the left or right coronary vessel. AB - The purpose of this study was two-fold: (1) to determine the effect of occlusion of the left anterior descending branch (LAD) of the left coronary artery or the right coronary (RC) artery on plasma catecholamine levels, and (2) to determine whether bilateral vagotomy has an effect on changes in plasma catecholamine levels evoked by coronary occlusion. Chloralose anaesthetised cats subjected to LAD occlusion exhibited increases in plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline at 3 min post-occlusion. The increases in noradrenaline and adrenaline were unrelated to the hypotension that occurred at this time. Bilateral vagotomy did not appear to alter the effect of LAD occlusion on catecholamine release into the circulation but did unmask a significant correlation between the degree of hypotension and the magnitude of increase in plasma catecholamines. Right coronary occlusion in animals with intact and sectioned vagus nerves evoked noradrenaline and adrenaline release that was significantly correlated with a fall in arterial pressure. Bilateral vagotomy per se caused an increase in baseline plasma catecholamine levels. Pretreatment with atropine mimicked the increase in baseline catecholamine levels seen with vagotomy. These results indicate that occlusion of the LAD and RC arteries increase the release of catecholamines into the circulation. The role of the vagus nerves in this response was observed only with LAD occlusion and consisted of altering the relationship between the degree of hypotension and the magnitude of increase in plasma catecholamines. That is, after vagotomy, the decrease in blood pressure following LAD occlusion was effective in causing release of catecholamines, presumably because of the hypotension causing a decrease in baroreceptor stimulation. Finally, it appeared that vagotomy increases the release of noradrenaline into the circulation by removing efferent vagal tone that inhibits noradrenaline release. This inhibitory action is mediated by activation of muscarinic receptors. PMID- 6627279 TI - [Value of densitometry in the computer tomographic differentiation of paracranial space-occupying lesions. Experimental phantom studies and clinical evaluation]. AB - Hardening of the beam is a major disturbing effect in densitometry close to the calotte. This phenomenon is demonstrated in a phantom, and its theoretical base is discussed. If possible sources of error are considered and reduced by means of appropriate measuring conditions, measurement of density will furnish useful additional data in CT examination. The value of CT densitometry is demonstrated via follow-up observations; after an operation of a glioma of the optic nerve, a child developed hygromas complicated by superinfection which subsequently became horny or calcified. PMID- 6627280 TI - [Computer tomography in the search for iatrogenic foreign bodies]. AB - CT enables the identification and localization of foreign bodies which cannot be visualised at all or only slightly so via conventional x-ray film, iatrogenic foreign bodies not recognisable by the usual methods were identified by us by means of CT in two cases direct and in one case indirect as a "soft part finding". Basing on these three cases the article discusses the validity of CT when searching for foreign bodies. PMID- 6627281 TI - [Correlation between CT findings and clinical course in viral and bacterial meningoencephalitis]. AB - The computed axial tomograms (CAT) of 50 patients with viral or bacterial meningoencephalitis are correlated with the clinical course, the laboratory data, and the EEG changes. The diagnostic value of CAT in the early diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis is of specific importance. Hypodense regions are demonstrated after the fifth day of illness in the temporal lobe. All other viral or bacterial meningoencephalitis cases have no specific changes on CAT examination compared with clinical or laboratory data. However, in localised encephalitis CAT may reveal hypodense regions. For follow-up studies of meningoencephalitis CAT is of important diagnostic value in demonstrating complications such as abscess or occlusive hydrocephalus. PMID- 6627282 TI - [Significance of sound beam thickness in real time sonography. In vitro and in vivo observations]. AB - In Real-time Sonography slice-thickness artifacts may lead to misinterpretation, mainly in cystic organs. With in vitro studies it was possible to show the mechanism of this artifact, which is based on beam thickness. PMID- 6627283 TI - [Current value of sonography in pancreas diagnosis]. AB - The topical value of sonography in pancreas diagnosis is examined and discussed in a retrospective study comprising 264 patients. In 80% of the cases sonography can supply clear results if conditions of examination are optimal. Sonography is of excellent value in examining the normal pancreas (88%) and in identifying a pancreatic pseudocyst (93%) and carcinoma of the pancreas (87%). The sonographically guided fine-needle puncture enables cytological verification in more than 60% of the cases of carcinoma of the pancreas by detecting the presence of malignant cells. Invasive investigation methods are used on-target. Thanks to its high power of resolution, computerized tomography is considered as the method of choice in the diagnosis of inflammatory diseases of the pancreas and in clarifying a sonographic finding which lacks clarity. Today the emphasis of ERCP is mainly on detecting ductal changes when suspecting chronic pancreatitis or carcinoma of the pancreas. PMID- 6627284 TI - Therapeutic rounds at the Milton S. Hershey Medical Center: central nervous system toxicity caused by lidocaine. PMID- 6627285 TI - Clinical experimental studies of postoperative infusion analgesia. AB - Thirty postoperative patients, after undergoing abdominal hysterectomy and standard general anesthesia, were randomly allocated to three groups and received, in the recovery ward, a continuous infusion of either pentazocine, piritramide, or ketamine. The patients rated their pain on a 15-cm visual analog scale. Patients in group 1 received pentazocine. Mean dosage was 0.12 mg/kg/hr on the day of operation, 0.1 mg/kg/hr on the first postoperative day, and only 0.07 mg/kg/hr on the second postoperative day. Pentazocine blood levels averaged 50 micrograms/L. Patients in group 2 received piritramide. Mean dosage was 0.038 mg/kg/hr on the day of operation, 0.024 mg/kg/hr on the first postoperative day, and 0.019 mg/kg/hr on the second postoperative day. Blood levels of piritramide were not determined because no satisfactory assay is available. Patients in group 3 received ketamine. Mean dosage was 0.32 mg/kg/hr on the day of operation, 0.28 mg/kg/hr on the first postoperative day, and 0.29 mg/kg/hr on the second postoperative day. Ketamine blood levels ranged between 120 and 180 micrograms/L. None of the three analgesics caused any important hemodynamic or respiratory side effects. Pentazocine and piritramide were more effective analgesics than ketamine was. Ketamine also had a higher incidence of side effects. PMID- 6627286 TI - Interaction between digoxin and the calcium antagonists nicardipine and tiapamil. AB - The investigation was designed to test whether nicardipine and tiapamil interact with digoxin, resulting in increased plasma digoxin levels. Ten patients mean age, 67 years) taking 0.13 mg to 0.25 mg of digoxin daily were given nicardipine (20 mg TID), and eight patients (mean age, 77 years) taking 0.13 mg to 0.25 of digoxin daily were given tiapamil (200 mg TID). Plasma levels of digoxin and nicardipine, heart rate, blood pressure, weight, serum electrolytes, and serum enzymes were measured and the electrocardiogram was monitored twice before, four times during, and once after the intervention with a calcium antagonist. No measurements of plasma levels of tiapamil were made. A chest roentgenogram was taken before, during, and after use of nicardipine or tiapamil. Mean plasma digoxin levels increased significantly in patients receiving tiapamil (P less than 0.01), but the values returned to normal after treatment with the experimental drug was discontinued. A wide variation of plasma nicardipine levels was observed, but there was no proportionate correlation between these levels and changes in digoxin levels. Blood pressure decreased significantly (P less than 0.01) and heart rate increased significantly (P less than 0.05) in patients receiving nicardipine. Similar changes in blood pressure and heart rate were not seen in patients receiving tiapamil. Although the use of each calcium antagonist led to an increase in plasma digoxin levels, the effect of tiapamil was greater than that of nicardipine. PMID- 6627287 TI - Clinical evaluation of cefamandole in childhood infections. AB - Cefamandole was evaluated for the initial management of bacterial infections in 60 infants and children. Infections included cellulitis (22), pneumonia (21), cervical lymphadenitis (8), arthritis or osteomyelitis (6), otitis media (2), and epiglottitis 91). Appropriate bacterial cultures and laboratory tests were performed for all patients. Cefamandole, 100 to 150 mg/kg/day divided into four doses given every six hours, was administered by the intravenous route. All bacterial isolates were sensitive to cefamandole, and all patients had good clinical and bacteriological responses. Duration of cefamandole therapy ranged between three and 30 days. Some of the patients' treatments were changed to specific narrow-spectrum antimicrobials after availability of the bacterial sensitivities. Cefamandole was tolerated well by most patients. Mild leukopenia and neutropenia developed in one patient and slight eosinophilia in four patients. These hematological abnormalities resolved spontaneously. These data suggest that cefamandole is an effective agent for the initial treatment of nonmeningitic infections in children. PMID- 6627288 TI - Transdermal clonidine for hypertensive patients. AB - Seventeen moderately hypertensive patients, whose blood pressure was previously controlled with hydrochlorothiazide and oral clonidine (blood pressure 129 +/- 8/85 +/- 5 mmHg during therapy), were treated with a transdermal system involving application of one or more clonidine-containing patches (3 mg per patch) to the skin once a week. The patients continued to take 50 mg of oral hydrochlorothiazide daily. By four to eight weeks, 15 of 17 patients using the transdermal system had achieved baseline blood pressure levels (130 +/- 10/84 +/- 6 mmHg, NS). During the maintenance phase of transdermal therapy, plasma clonidine levels measured four hours (0.78 +/- 0.43 ng/ml), four days (0.89 +/- 0.48 ng/ml), and seven days (0.78 +/- 0.41 ng/ml) after patch application did not differ significantly from one another or from trough plasma clonidine levels (0.86 +/- 0.54 ng/ml) measured during oral clonidine therapy. The results suggest that, in moderately hypertensive patients, blood pressure can be controlled with a once-weekly application of clonidine-containing skin patches as effectively as with oral clonidine. PMID- 6627289 TI - Effect of chronic atenolol therapy on the cardiovascular response to handgrip in hypertensive patients. AB - Response to sustained (three-minute) handgrip at one-third maximum contraction was studied in 75 subjects with essential hypertension. The patients responded with an increase in heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and double product. Chronic atenolol therapy (100 mg/day in a single administration) decreased the values of these measurements at rest and during exercise. The treatment did not prevent or attenuate the rise in heart rate with grip, but it partially inhibited the pressor response to handgrip. Chronic atenolol therapy may reduce the risk of vascular disease by decreasing blood pressure and its response to isometric exercise. Additionally, chronic beta-adrenergic blockade with decreased heart rate, double product, and, most likely, myocardial oxygen consumption is probably a further cardioprotective factor. PMID- 6627290 TI - Tolerance to amoxapine antidepressant effects. AB - Several patients treated with amoxapine (in dosages ranging from 50 to 300 mg/day) had excellent initial responses followed by relapse unresponsive to dose adjustment, suggesting pharmacological tolerance to its antidepressant effect. PMID- 6627291 TI - The efficacy of cefuroxime in the treatment of bacterial meningitis in infants and children. AB - Forty-eight infants and children with bacterial meningitis received daily dosages of cefuroxime ranging from 90 to 300 mg/kg during the first two to four days of treatment and 45 to 149 mg/kg during the subsequent six to eight days of treatment. Cefuroxime was clinically and bacteriologically effective in 40 (83%) of the patients. All strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Salmonella typhi were sensitive to cefuroxime. Fourteen strains of Haemophilus influenzae were sensitive, and one was moderately sensitive, to the drug. Nine strains of Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to cefuroxime, but three were resistant, as was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. No toxicity was encountered. PMID- 6627293 TI - [Surgery-linked alterations in the level of lactate and of the acid-base equilibrium at the post-operative stage]. PMID- 6627292 TI - Flunitrazepam and nitrazepam as hypnotics in psychogeriatric inpatients. AB - The efficacy and clinical effects of flunitrazepam (1 mg) and nitrazepam (5 mg) as somnifacients were studied in 37 psychogeriatric inpatients. Each drug was administered in a double-blind manner to randomized groups of patients for 14 nights. Compared with placebo, both benzodiazepines proved to be effective in inducing and maintaining sleep. Although both drugs were well tolerated, insomnia resulted when each was withdrawn. PMID- 6627294 TI - Cytochemical localization of adenylate cyclase activity in parenchymal cells of adult and fetal rat liver. PMID- 6627295 TI - Lethal dose estimation and histophysiological effects of an organosilicon compound on rat kidney, liver and testis. PMID- 6627296 TI - Distribution profiles of dehydrogenases and SH-groups in a single skeletal muscle fibre by tridensitometry. PMID- 6627297 TI - Histochemical and microanalytical location of iron salts in pea seeds (Pisum sativum L.). PMID- 6627298 TI - On the presence of granulocytes in the Bursa of Fabricius. PMID- 6627299 TI - Cytotoxic effect of tumor necrosis factor on human lymphocytes and specific binding of the factor to the target cells. PMID- 6627300 TI - Study on the multiplication of cancer cells in a pleural effusion from a woman having a breast adenocarcinoma. PMID- 6627301 TI - Effect of maternal essential fatty acid supply on brain glycoproteins in foetal rats. PMID- 6627302 TI - Destructive effects of chlorotetracycline on DNA structure by combined fluorometry with ethidium bromide. PMID- 6627303 TI - Histochemical studies on the histogenesis of rat lateral pterygoid muscle. PMID- 6627304 TI - Tridensitometric studies on mapping of succinate dehydrogenase in single gastric glands. PMID- 6627305 TI - DNA synthesis in mammalian heart cells: comparative studies of monolayer and aggregate cultures. PMID- 6627306 TI - Energy-independent calcium binding in ghosts of rat mitochondria. PMID- 6627307 TI - [Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis using an inactivated vaccine]. PMID- 6627308 TI - [The incidence of antibodies against Echinococcus, Taeniarhyncus, Toxocara, Trichinella and Toxoplasma antigens in citizens of Cuba]. PMID- 6627309 TI - [Therapy of urinary tract infections with a single dose of netilmicin]. PMID- 6627310 TI - [International Red Cross Day. Physicians and the Czechoslovak Red Cross]. PMID- 6627311 TI - [Specific and nonspecific humoral response to vaccination with the anti-rabies vaccination agents Rabivac and Vnukovo-32]. PMID- 6627312 TI - [The role of rotaviruses in the etiology of acute gastroenteritis in children hospitalized at the Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Brno]. PMID- 6627313 TI - [Contribution to surgical complications during dysentery in children]. PMID- 6627314 TI - [Varicella and acute bacterial meningitis]. PMID- 6627315 TI - [Connecting patients with chronic kidney failure to the artificial kidney. 10 years' experience at the Strahov Hemodialysis Center]. PMID- 6627316 TI - [Mechanical measurement of total coagulation time during hemodialysis]. PMID- 6627317 TI - [Hemodynamics of arteriovenous fistulas in patients on long-term hemodialysis]. PMID- 6627318 TI - [Experience with self-care therapy at the dialysis department in Strahov]. PMID- 6627319 TI - [Vitamins and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)]. PMID- 6627320 TI - [Regulation of bone metabolism]. PMID- 6627321 TI - [Neuropathy of the autonomic nervous system in preclinical and manifest diabetes]. PMID- 6627322 TI - [Pheochromoblastoma and possibilities of its pharmacologic treatment]. PMID- 6627323 TI - [The significance of hypoxemia in the detection of pulmonary hypertension in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis]. PMID- 6627325 TI - [The medical obligation of confidentiality as part of the physician's role]. PMID- 6627324 TI - [Isovaleric aciduria]. PMID- 6627326 TI - [Echocardiographic study of patients undergoing long-term dialysis. II. The left heart ventricle and its function]. PMID- 6627327 TI - [Importance of echocardiography in indications for mitral commissurotomy and in the postoperative follow-up of patients with mitral stenosis]. PMID- 6627328 TI - [Pathology of the pericarditis after acute perimyocarditis and in scleroderma. Echocardiographic study]. PMID- 6627329 TI - [Postgraduate education in urology in the Czech Socialist Republic]. PMID- 6627330 TI - [Results of the surgical treatment of hydronephrosis]. PMID- 6627331 TI - [Percutaneous puncture nephrostomy]. PMID- 6627332 TI - [Metabolic causes of urolithiasis in children and adolescents]. PMID- 6627333 TI - [Intermittent catheterization of the urinary bladder]. PMID- 6627334 TI - [Diagnosis of bone metastases]. PMID- 6627335 TI - [Puncture biopsy of the prostate]. PMID- 6627336 TI - [Treatment of urinary infection with a combination of amoxycillin and clavulanic acid]. PMID- 6627337 TI - [Personal experience with Estracyte]. PMID- 6627338 TI - [Phenacetin as a carcinogen for the urothelium]. PMID- 6627339 TI - [Vaccine against hepatitis B]. PMID- 6627340 TI - [Incidence of hepatitis B surface antigens in relation to morphological findings in liver puncture biopsies]. PMID- 6627341 TI - [Quantitative changes in serum proteins in viral hepatitis of various etiologies]. PMID- 6627342 TI - [Unexpected regression of chronic hepatitis type B after a long-term course]. PMID- 6627343 TI - [Vitamin C in the serum and leukocytes in chronic kidney failure]. PMID- 6627344 TI - Proliferation kinetics of rabbit articular chondrocytes in primary culture and at the first passage. AB - The in-vitro proliferation kinetics of young rabbit articular chondrocytes were compared in primary culture and at the first passage. The growth curves labelling and mitotic indices, percentage labelled mitosis (PLM) curves and DNA content distributions by flow-microfluorometric analysis during a 7-day growth period were determined in both cases. The length of the cell cycle and the doubling time calculated from the exponential part of the growth curve were quite similar: Tc = 19 hr and Td = 20 hr for the primary culture, Tc = 17 X 3 hr and Td = 20 hr for the first passage. However, the growth curve and the DNA distribution during the 7-day period showed some differences. The duration of the lag period studied by the growth curve was longer in the primary culture than at the first passage. This phenomenon was also observed using the FCM analysis. The growth fraction determination on the second day of culture was in accordance with the lower proliferation capacity of the cells in primary culture. These data suggest that it would be better to study growth kinetics and drug modifications in articular chondrocytes at the first passage than in primary culture. PMID- 6627345 TI - Factors modifying the synergistic toxicity of deoxycytidine in combination with thymidine plus 5-fluorouracil in HeLa cells. AB - We reported previously that deoxycytidine (CdR) enhances the cytotoxic effects of the drug combination thymidine (TdR) plus 5-fluorouracil (FUra) against HeLa S-3 cells. We have now examined the relationships between the concentration of CdR and its cytotoxic and cytokinetic effects, and have also investigated the role of certain other components of the culture medium in this phenomenon. Cell survival was determined by a colony-forming assay; cytokinetic effects were monitored by flow cytometry. In the initial experiments, cells were grown in Ham's F12 medium and exposed for 22 hr to 4 mM TdR, 0 X 025 mM FUra, and dCyd ranging from 1 microM to 4 X 0 mM. The individual drugs were at most only slightly toxic under these conditions; for TdR plus FUra, the survival decreased to 50% (in 5% FCS), and in the three-drug combination it varied from 8% at 1 microM CdR to 28% at 0 X 10 mM and back to a low of 3% at 4 X 0 mM CdR. Results from flow cytometry appeared correlated with the survival data, in that cells accumulated in the S phase to a greater extent in the region around 0 X 10 mM CdR than at higher or lower concentrations. When cells were exposed to the drugs in MEM medium in place of F12, their sensitivity to FUra and the TdR-FUra combination was enhanced, although the additional synergistic effect of CdR was reduced. We found that hypoxanthine, present in F12 but not in MEM, was the principal compound responsible for the observed differences between media. PMID- 6627346 TI - Cell loss from viable and necrotic tumour regions measured by 125I-UdR. AB - Loss of cells from vital and necrotic areas of the syngeneic mammary adenocarcinoma EO 771 in male C57 BL/6J mice may be measured by use of 125I labelled 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (125I-UdR). Later than 50 hr after an intraperitoneal injection of 20 muCi 125I-UdR the incorporated activity of the entire tumour was externally measured and found to decrease with time after injection. The injected amount was neither chemo- nor radiotoxic. By injecting the vital dye 'light green', unstained necrotic and stained viable regions were separately excised and measured for loss of activity throughout the natural development of the labelled tumour. With the appearance of necrotic regions, labelled viable cells became necrotic, and activity was slowly eliminated. With increasing proportions of necrosis during tumour growth, the rate of loss of activity of the whole tumour decreased. Loss of activity from viable tumour regions reflected cell death and exceeded the loss rates of the whole tumour by a factor of 2 to 3. The data show that loss of activity from the whole tumour results from a superposition of different elimination rates of viable and necrotic tumour regions and is not an immediate consequence of cell death in the course of undisturbed tumour development. PMID- 6627347 TI - Reparative growth in the rat thyroid. AB - This study was designed to investigate the mitotic response to wounding in the rat thyroid. The spatial distribution of mitotic activity 48 hr after incision of the thyroid isthmus, or mere exposure of the gland (sham-operation), was assessed using a stathmokinetic technique. Incision resulted in a 66-fold increase over normal in metaphase index adjacent to the wound, falling over 2 mm to a stable 13 fold elevation. Sham-operation produced a smaller response with a complete return to normal levels over 1-1 X 5 mm. The results demonstrate that there is a dramatic localized mitotic response to wounding in the thyroid together with a smaller generalized response. Further, the response to sham-operation indicates that thyroid follicular cells respond to a diffusible 'wound hormone'. We suggest that this may be a major mechanism mediating reparative growth in this gland. PMID- 6627348 TI - Distribution and morphological characteristics of the pit cells in the liver of the rat. AB - Pit cells, on which almost no further contributions have been presented since the first report by Wisse et al. (1976), are described in detail in the rat liver. These cells show several characteristic features: 1) "rod-cored vesicles", a new type of vesicular inclusion observed first in our study; 2) electron-dense granules, which we consider to arise from multivesicular bodies by the accumulation of dense material; and 3) well-developed pseudopodia. Although these features clearly differentiate pit cells from conventional lymphocytes, these two cell types display similarities (i) in a number of ultrastructural features, (ii) in the pattern of their intralobular distribution, and (iii) in their presence in the spleen and peripheral blood. PMID- 6627349 TI - Intraepithelial lymphocytes and macrophages in the human epididymis. AB - The epididymides from 7 young adults and 5 older patients with prostatic cancer were investigated by means of light and electron microscopy. The existence of lymphocytes and macrophages between epithelial cells of various segments of the ductuli efferentes and the ductus epididymidis is proven, and the distribution and morphology of these cells are described. A possible relationship between these two intraepithelial cell types, as well as their presumptive role with regard to an immunological barrier-function are discussed. PMID- 6627350 TI - A freeze-fracture study of perinatal changes of intramembranous particles in microvilli of absorptive cells in mouse small intestine. AB - Perinatal changes in the appearance of intramembranous particles (IMPs) of microvilli of enterocytes were analyzed quantitatively. In both the jejunum and the ileum, the IMP density on the P-face showed no significant changes from day 17 of gestation to day 5 of postnatal life. It increased between day 5 and day 12, reached a maximum at day 21, and thereafter decreased slightly. The IMP density on the E-face remained almost constant during the perinatal period in both intestinal parts. Measurements of particle diameters proved that neither the P-face nor the E-face membrane showed significant differences in either mean value or size distribution among different age groups. This study has revealed that the perinatal change in the IMP density on the P-face of microvilli correlates well with changes in the activity of certain enzymes found in the membranes of microvilli, e.g. disaccharidase and aminopeptidase. PMID- 6627351 TI - The vascular architecture of the developing organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) in the rat. AB - The development of the angioarchitecture of the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT) is described at the light-microscopical level in connection with the formation of the brain ventricles in rat embryos (gestational day 12 through day 21) injected with India-ink via the umbilical vessels. Initial observations from electron-microscopic investigations (in progress) are also reported. The external surface of the brain vesicle is covered by a capillary network from the earliest stage examined (day 12), serving as the anlage for the vessels of the lamina terminalis and the prospective median eminence. A characteristic vascular feature of the OVLT can be observed first on day 16. At this time the OVLT lies nearly parallel to the cranial base under the preoptic recess in front of the optic chiasma. Vascular connections to the subfornical organ, the subependymal plexus and the retrochiasmatic area are present as early as days 17 and 18. The OVLT does not change its position substantially throughout embryonic life. Preliminary electron-microscopical investigations revealed that capillaries of the OVLT invading the neural tissue are fenestrated already before day 19. PMID- 6627353 TI - Experimental evidence for the bone marrow origin of granulated metrial gland cells of the mouse uterus. AB - The clear morphological differences between the granulated metrial gland (GMG) cells which develop in the uteri of rats and mice have been used to assess the origin of GMG cells in radiation chimaeras. Lethally irradiated mice were reconstituted with either rat or mouse bone marrow cells. Control mice were ovariectomised. A schedule of steroid injections was carried out allowing deciduoma formation to be induced in the irradiated and control animals. Deciduoma formation was impaired, and there were few GMG cells in the irradiated, bone marrow-reconstituted mice in comparison with the ovariectomised controls. However, it was possible to identify, by their distinctive morphology, 1) rat GMG cells in the mice reconstituted with rat bone marrow cells, and 2) mouse GMG cells in the mice reconstituted with mouse bone marrow cells. Conversely, no typical mouse or rat GMG cells were identified in mice reconstituted, respectively, with rat or mouse bone marrow cells. The observations indicate that GMG cells differentiate from a precursor derived from bone marrow. PMID- 6627352 TI - Ciliary epithelia of the mammalian eye in cultured explants. AB - The ultrastructural characteristics of ciliary epithelium from bovine, pigmented rabbit, and fetal albino rabbit were studied in cultured explants. The tips of ciliary processes were cultured in plastic dishes with Dulbecco Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) containing 5% fetal bovine serum. More than half of the explants adhered to the plastic culture dish, and epithelial cells spread as monolayers within a few days. Initially the explant contains two layers, the outer (nonpigmented cells) and the inner (pigmented cells). Later the explant exhibits three layers: 1) outermost lightly pigmented flattened cells, 2) an outer layer of non-pigmented cells, and 3) an inner layer of densely pigmented cuboidal cells. The cells of the outermost layer are continuous with the cells of the inner layer. A narrow space lies between the outermost layer and the outer layer. The columnar cells in the outer layer contain well developed organelles but no pigment granules; they possess a basement membrane, lateral interdigitations, and junctional complexes near their apices. Numerous focal junctions and some ciliary channel-like structures were detected between the columnar cells of the outer layer and the cuboidal cells of the inner layer. The cuboidal cells of the inner layer are filled with pigment granules. These observations suggest that the columnar cells of the outer layer are nonpigmented epithelium, the cuboidal cells of the inner layer are pigmented epithelium, and the flattened cells in the outermost layer are derived from pigmented epithelium. PMID- 6627354 TI - Ultrastructural studies of neuromuscular junctions in visceral and skeletal muscles of the chaetognath Sagitta setosa. AB - The ultrastructural characteristics of the neuromuscular junctions were studied in oesophageal (visceral) muscle and in four skeletal muscles of the head and trunk in Sagitta. Three types of neuromuscular junctions were encountered. The first is made up of nerve terminals which synapse with the surface of the muscle fiber, in a deep or in a slight depression. The second is characterized by muscle fiber protrusions that cross the connective tissue and form synapses with nerve endings; in this type, numerous post-junctional membrane folds are noted. In the third type, the synaptic cleft is very large (greater than 0.2 micron) and contains bundles of connective fibers. Nerve endings are partially ensheathed in glial cells; they contain mostly clear synaptic vesicles, though some dense-cored vesicles are noted. In many muscle fibers post-junctional membrane thickenings are also observed. All observed neuromuscular junctions resemble chemical synapses. Chaetognaths thus show a great variety of neuromuscular junction ultrastructure as do for instance Arthropods. PMID- 6627356 TI - Bone morphology of weanling rats from dams subjected to fluoride. AB - Femurs of weanling rats from third-pregnancy litters of dams given 150 ppm fluoride in the drinking water were examined by light-and scanning-electron microscopy. Under the conditions of the experimental procedure, no pathological changes were seen in the femurs as a result of maternal ingestion of fluoride. These results indicate that the amount of fluoride crossing the placenta and mammary gland was insufficient to produce significant morphological changes in the bones of 3-week-old rats. PMID- 6627355 TI - Macrophages and interdigitating cells; their relationship to migrating lymphocytes in the white pulp of rat spleen. AB - The pathway of lymphocyte migration through the white pulp of rat spleen and the relationship of migrating cells to the accessory cells (marginal zone macrophages and interdigitating cells, IDCs) of the white pulp compartments were analysed. Donor lymphocytes were obtained from lymph nodes, enriched for T lymphocytes and labeled in vitro with 5-(3H)uridine. They were injected intravenously into syngeneic recipients from which samples of spleen were taken at short intervals from 3 to 300 min after injection. Autoradiographs of semithin and ultrathin sections showed that, in the internal layer of the marginal zone (MZ), lymphocytes tended to accumulate within some regions in close proximity to marginal-zone macrophages before migrating into the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS). The lymphocytes enter PALS between protrusions of the accessory cells located in the peripheral area of the sheath. During migration towards the central area of PALS, a close contact between both cell types was noted. In the central area of PALS, preferential accumulation of lymphocytes around IDCs was observed. Labeled lymphocyte distribution within PALS and the rate of cell migration through the white pulp seem to depend on lymphocyte-IDC contact. A common feature of accessory cells which may affect the migration of lymphocytes in both MZ and PALS is the presence of Birbeck granules. PMID- 6627358 TI - [Survey on paralytic sequelae of poliomyelitis]. PMID- 6627357 TI - Ultrastructural observations on the formation of follicles in the human fetal thyroid. AB - Thyroid glands from 40 human fetuses ranging from 30 to 175 mm in length were examined by electron microscopy. At the 30 mm stage, the cells are arranged in cords or clusters and contain numerous free ribosomes. The rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is poorly developed and the Golgi complex consists of saccules, smooth and coated vesicles. Mitochondria, microfilaments, glycogen particles, occasional lysosome-like structures, and single cilia are observed. At sites of incipient follicle formation, intercellular clefts containing interdigitating microvilli, delimited by junctional complexes, are evident. In addition, the apical region of some cells contains vacuoles. At the 50-mm stage, intercellular clefts are more apparent, some of them organized into small follicles through the enlargement of the lumen, the incorporation of additional cells, and the formation of a basal lamina. With increasing gestational age, more follicles are established. The lumina vary from round to clover-leaf shaped and have an electron-dense content. Cisternae of RER are dilated and contain flocculent material. The Golgi complex is more extensive, and lysosome-like structures are more numerous. By the 100-mm stage, the follicular cells appear morphologically well differentiated. The results demonstrate an extracellular origin of the follicular lumen in the human fetal thyroid. PMID- 6627360 TI - [The effect of elimination of house rodents by means of grid/plate method]. PMID- 6627361 TI - [Survey on paralytic sequelae of poliomyelitis in Guangdong Province]. PMID- 6627359 TI - [Preliminary report on isolation of pathogenic Leptospira in Ningxia Hui autonomous region]. PMID- 6627362 TI - [A survey on paralytic sequelae of poliomyelitis in Jilin Province]. PMID- 6627363 TI - [Investigation on failures in reporting infectious diseases in Congqing County in 1981]. PMID- 6627364 TI - [Survey on failures in reporting acute infectious diseases in Gulo District, Nanjing City in 1981]. PMID- 6627365 TI - [Investigation on failures in reporting infants' death in 1981 in Congqing County]. PMID- 6627366 TI - [Survey on paralytic sequelae of poliomyelitis in Heilungjiang Province]. PMID- 6627367 TI - [Survey on immune levels against measles among residents of Nanguan District, Changchun City]. PMID- 6627368 TI - [Preliminary report on long-term disease surveillance in Liaoning Province]. PMID- 6627369 TI - [Progress in disinfectants]. PMID- 6627370 TI - [Current status and prospect of brucellosis research in China]. PMID- 6627371 TI - Diffuse cystic lymphangiomatosis of the spleen: clinical and pathological features. PMID- 6627372 TI - Nutritional status, disease panorama and social background among children admitted at Mnene Hospital. PMID- 6627373 TI - Primary sclerosing cholangitis. PMID- 6627374 TI - Speech therapy, a developing profession. PMID- 6627375 TI - Ulcerative colitis in Africans. PMID- 6627376 TI - Community health status in a small urban area in Zimbabwe. PMID- 6627377 TI - Urban under-nutrition--a study in Harare and Chitungwiza. PMID- 6627378 TI - Recommendations for action in urban undernutrition. PMID- 6627379 TI - The role of Aeromonas in acute diarrhoeal diseases in Nigeria. PMID- 6627380 TI - Ergotamine pharmacokinetics in man: an editorial. PMID- 6627381 TI - Quantification of salivation, nasal secretion and tearing in man. AB - The purpose of this study has been to establish a battery of tests of autonomic functions: Quantification of submandibular/sublingual salivation, nasal secretion and tearing on both sides. The tests were performed in a control group of 20 healthy students. We used a parasympathomimetic drug, pilocarpine 0.1 mg/kg body weight, to stimulate the different secretory functions. Saliva was collected with a pair of dentistry spiral suctions. Tearing was assessed with Schirmer's test tapes. Nasal secretion was quantified using Schirmer's test tapes, too. Nasal secretion and salivation on average was fairly symmetrical, whereas there was some asymmetry in tearing (which may be artificial). In single individuals, there may be considerable asymmetry in salivation as well. This test battery will be used in the study of possible autonomic dysfunctions in patients with unilateral headache. PMID- 6627382 TI - Cluster headache: on the mechanism behind attack-related sweating. AB - Eighteen cluster headache patients were studied using body heating or exercise tests; all but two of them were also studied with a pilocarpine test (0.1 mg/kg body wt, s.c.). Evaporimeter measurements were made on both sides of the forehead under standard conditions in a thermo room. Heat- and exercise-induced sweating was clearly less pronounced on the symptomatic side than on the non-symptomatic side of the forehead, and was significantly different compared to controls. Pilocarpine on the other hand induced a clearly more pronounced response on the symptomatic side than on the non-symptomatic side, which was also statistically significantly higher than in the control group. These findings suggest a supersensitivity of the sweat glands to pilocarpine on the symptomatic side of the forehead in most cases of cluster headache. PMID- 6627383 TI - Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania. IX. On the mechanism of attack-related sweating. AB - In eight patients with chronic paroxysmal hemicrania (CPH), forehead sweating was measured after various provocation tests-body heating, exercise, and subcutaneous pilocarpine administration (0.1 mg/kg body weight). Evaporation was measured bilaterally on the forehead with an Evaporimeter (in g/m2/h). This was carried out in a thermo room under standardized conditions. There was no definite deficit in heat-induced or exercise-induced sweating on the symptomatic side of the forehead, contrary to findings in cluster headache. Neither did pilocarpine lead to any marked initial, temporary predominance of sweating on the symptomatic side, which has previously been found in cluster headache. In cluster headache there may be denervation supersensitivity of the sweat glands in the forehead of the symptomatic side. The present study does not therefore provide evidence for supersensitivity phenomena which could explain the homolateral forehead sweating increase seen during attacks in some CPH patients. The localized sweating increase in the forehead during attacks of CPH may possibly be a result of direct sympathetic stimulation. PMID- 6627385 TI - Comparison between the Gorlin formula and a simplified formula to measure the severity of pulmonic stenosis. AB - In a previous study we showed that the Gorlin formula for measuring the valve areas in patients with stenotic mitral or aortic valves can be simplified without loss of accuracy. The simplified formula states that the valve area is equal to cardiac output (liters/min) divided by the square root of the pressure gradient across the valve. In this study we compare the Gorlin formula and the simplified formula in measuring the valve areas in 12 patients with congenital pulmonic stenosis. There was an excellent correlation between the two methods (r = 0.98 y = 0.07 + 1.16 X, P less than 0.001). Therefore the simplified formula can be used in measuring the severity of pulmonic stenosis. This method is simpler and easier to memorize than the Gorlin formula. PMID- 6627384 TI - Selective coronary arteriography: a clinical comparison of two contrast agents. AB - The radiopacity and complications of meglumine iothalamate 52% and sodium iothalamate 26% (Vascoray) were compared with those of meglumine diatrizoate 66% and sodium diatrizoate 10% (Renografin -76) in 2258 patients with and without cardiac disease. There was no difference in radiopacity and the type and incidence of adverse reactions were similar, but the frequency was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) with Vascoray in patients with constrictive pericarditis, dissecting aortic aneurysm, and primary pulmonary hypertension. The difference in the frequency of hypotension, sinus bradycardia, and transient asystole in the Renografin -76 and Vascoray groups was statistically significant. Ventricular arrhythmias occurred in 6% of the patients with primary myocardial disease compared to an average of 0.7% in those without this cardiac abnormality (p less than 0.01), but there was no significant difference in the frequency in the two contrast agent groups. All reactions were treated and the studies were performed without mortality. Results of this study show that iothalamate formulation with sodium to meglumine ratio of 1:2 containing 410 mEq/L of sodium (Vascoray) is suitable and safe for clinical use for roentgenographic studies of the heart, and coronary artery circulation. PMID- 6627386 TI - An accurate and simplified method to calculate angiographic left ventricular ejection fraction. AB - An accurate and simplified method to calculate left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF0 derived from the ellipsoidal formula for LV volume calculation is described. The LV Minor axis (D) is obtained from the average of three equidistant LV diameters at end-diastole (Ded) and end-systole (Des), and the shortening fraction of D2 (% delta D2) calculated as (D2ed - D2es)/D2ed. EF is calculated as EF = [delta D2 + ([1 - delta D2] X delta L)] X 100, where delta L = the shortening fraction of the long axis. The coefficient of correlation between the EF by this method and the EF derived from measurements of LV volumes with the area-length method was 0.98, SEE = 3.57% (n = 50). No significant over- or underestimation was observed according to the regression equation Y = 0.922X + 0.82. Thus, this simplified method allows accurate LVEF calculation without the need for planimetry of LV area. PMID- 6627387 TI - Anomalous right coronary artery arising from left mainstem. AB - Various coronary artery anomalies occur in both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. We have described a unique case of an aberrant right coronary artery arising from the left mainstem, resulting in clinical myocardial infarction in the absence of coronary atherosclerosis. Though different anomalies of the right coronary artery have been described, we feel this case is unique in that the right coronary artery arises from the left mainstem, truly forming a single coronary artery. PMID- 6627388 TI - Catheter separation during coronary angiography. AB - Complete fracture and separation of a right coronary Judkins catheter during coronary angiography is presented. The possible mechanism underlying the separation and retrieval of the catheter fragment is described. PMID- 6627389 TI - Aortic catheterisation via percutaneous left ventricular puncture. AB - When retrograde catheterisation and angiography of the ascending aorta from the brachial or femoral approach is not possible, this can be accomplished by direct percutaneous left ventricular puncture. The haemodynamic and angiographic information obtained was essential to surgical correction of aortic arch anomalies as illustrated in two patients. PMID- 6627390 TI - Magnification factors from an intracardiac marker. PMID- 6627391 TI - Reversal of X-inactivation in female mouse somatic cells hybridized with murine teratocarcinoma stem cells in vitro. AB - A series of near-diploid embryonal carcinoma-like hybrid cells were obtained from polyethylene glycol mediated cell fusion between murine embryonal carcinoma cells (PSA-6TG1 or OTF9-63) having one X chromosome and thymocytes or bone marrow cells from female mice carrying Cattanach's or Searle's translocation. Prior to fusion with EC cells the somatic cells are presumed to contain only one active X chromosome. Following hybrid formation, the chronology of X chromosome replication and the expression of X-linked gene Pgk-1 indicated that all X chromosomes contributed by both parents were active in these hybrids. Experiments were performed to rule out the possibility that the hybrids were formed by fusion of EC cells with rare somatic cells in which both X chromosomes were active. Taken together the data indicate that within four days of fusion there is reactivation of the entire inactive X chromosome. PMID- 6627392 TI - Assembly in vivo of mouse muscle acetylcholine receptor: identification of an alpha subunit species that may be an assembly intermediate. AB - We have studied assembly of acetylcholine receptor in vivo using subunit-specific monoclonal antibodies and immunoprecipitation with alpha-bungarotoxin and antitoxin. We have identified three distinct forms of the alpha subunit. The newly synthesized alpha subunit species has a sedimentation coefficient of 5S and is recognized only by antibody specific for SDS-denatured alpha subunit. We have called this species alpha 61. The 5S alpha Tx species is not associated with beta subunits and is probably monomeric. alpha Tx is formed from alpha 61 with a half time of 15 min and an efficiency of approximately equal to 30%. Formation of alpha Tx involves a conformational change, and we suggest that this conformation is dependent upon or stabilized by disulfide bond formation. The assembly of alpha Tx with beta subunits (and probably gamma and delta) into a 9S complex appears to be an efficient but slow process requiring more than 90 min. Unassembled alpha 61 subunits are degraded rapidly. However, subunit degradation is a result of failure to assemble, rather than its cause. PMID- 6627393 TI - Translation of insulin-related polypeptides from messenger RNAs with tandemly reiterated copies of the ribosome binding site. AB - Plasmids have been constructed containing reiterated copies of a 66 bp fragment, loosely referred to as the ribosome binding site, that includes the AUG initiator codon of preproinsulin. The extreme test involved plasmid 255/17, which carried four tandem copies of the ribosome binding site, with all four AUG triplets in the same reading frame as the preproinsulin coding sequence downstream. Initiation at any potential start site would generate a polypeptide precipitable with anti-insulin antiserum, and its size would reveal the AUG(s) active in initiation. One insulin-related polypeptide was synthesized in cells transfected by p255/17; its size corresponded to the product initiated at the first ribosome binding site in the tandem array. Inasmuch as the three downstream AUG triplets, which are not used, occur in a sequence context identical with that around the 5' proximal AUG triplet, which is used, the position of an AUG triplet relative to the 5' end of the mRNA appears to be important in identifying it as a functional initiator codon. PMID- 6627394 TI - Spacer sequences regulate transcription of ribosomal gene plasmids injected into Xenopus embryos. AB - We have injected plasmids containing a repeating unit (spacer plus gene) of Xenopus laevis ribosomal DNA into fertilized eggs. Transcription on these plasmids begins at the same time as transcription on the endogenous ribosomal genes (late blastula stage). Previous work defined the ribosomal gene promoter as the region from -140 to +6 around the site of transcription initiation (Reeder et al., 1982; Moss, 1982; Sollner-Webb et al., submitted). We show here that the level of transcription of the injected ribosomal genes is strongly affected by spacer sequences far upstream of the promoter. Deletion of spacer sequences over 1150 bp from the initiation site reduces the transcription signal from injected plasmids by a factor of 5-10. We propose that the upstream spacer sequences act to influence the frequency of promoter activation. PMID- 6627395 TI - Ultraviolet radiation-induced metallothionein-I gene activation is associated with extensive DNA demethylation. AB - Ultraviolet irradiation (UV) of cadmium-sensitive S49 mouse cells induces a large increase in cadmium-resistant variants. About 30%-40% of these variants make metallothionein (MT)-I mRNA while S49 cells do not. S49 cells contain two copies of the MT-I gene; both alleles are heavily methylated but can be conveniently distinguished by the methylation status of a single Hpa II site. In lines expressing MT-I, one allele becomes completely demethylated at all methylation sensitive restriction sites examined over at least a 2.5 kb region spanning the MT-I gene. Activation of a quiescent gene by UV has implications for understanding the initiation of carcinogenesis. PMID- 6627396 TI - Duplication and amplification of toxin genes in Vibrio cholerae. AB - Vibrio cholerae strains of the classical biotype all contain two widely separated copies of the cholera toxin operon ctxAB. In contrast, EI Tor strains containing multiple copies of ctx have their copies arranged on large tandem repeats which are either 7 or 9.7 kb in length. The variation in size among these large tandem duplications was due to a difference in the copy number of a smaller, 2.7 kb, tandemly repeated sequence (RS1) that is located at the novel joint of these duplications, as well as upstream and downstream of ctx. Southern blot hybridization analysis indicated that amplification of a DNA region carrying ctx and flanked by direct repeats of RS1 may be responsible for the hypertoxinogenic phenotype of EI Tor variants selected by intraintestinal growth in rabbits. PMID- 6627397 TI - Different requirements for homeotic genes in the soma and germ line of Drosophila. AB - Some homeotic genes of Drosophila are active only in particular developmental compartments ("selector" genes) whereas others are active in all compartments and are responsible for regulating selector gene expression. Using pole cell transplants to generate mosaic females with mutant germ lines, we examine the extent to which genes of both classes are required during oogenesis. We find that none of four selector genes (Ultrabithorax+, Antennapedia+, Sex combs reduced+, and engrailed+) is required for the development of viable eggs, and none contributes detectable product to the fertilized zygote. Similarly, neither of two regulatory genes (Polycomb+ and extra sex combs+) are required for normal oogenesis. However, both are active in the germ line and contribute functional gene product to the embryo. These results suggest that selector genes are inactive in the germ line where they may be regulated by a different mechanism than in the soma. PMID- 6627399 TI - In vitro migration of avian hemopoietic cells to the thymus: preliminary characterization of a chemotactic mechanism. AB - Hemopoietic cells differentiating in the thymus have an extrinsic origin; it has been suggested that, in avian embryos, the thymic epithelium can recruit precursor cells at several precisely determined periods by a chemotactic mechanism. We have used a chemotactic chamber (Zigmond, S.H.: J. Cell Biol. 75, 606-616 (1977] to analyse quantitatively the behaviour of hemopoietic precursor cells confronted with thymuses. The embryonic bone marrow was found to be a rich source of precursor cells carrying thymic lymphocyte potentialities. In the Zigmond chamber, precursor cells exhibited a strong chemotactic response to a concentration gradient of substances secreted by attractive thymuses from 7 1/2 day-old chick embryos; the mesonephros from embryo of the same age had no effect. In addition 7 1/2-day-old attractive and 10-day-old refractory chick thymuses induced a net increase of adhesiveness and speed of locomotion. The chemotactic factor secreted by an attractive thymic epithelium was not retained by a 12 kdalton cut-off dialysis membrane, whereas the chemokinetic activity was associated with material of molecular weight higher than 50 kdaltons. Refractory thymuses freed of most of their homopoietic cells became attractive and produced a chemotactic factor of a molecular weight close to 1 kdalton. When introduced into the two separate compartments of the chemotactic chamber, the chemokinetic and the chemotactic activities could complement each other to produce a full response identical to that obtained with attractive thymuses. The two factors, synthesized exclusively by the thymus, were effective on basophilic precursor cells but not on granulocytes. A theoretical model for random cell migration described in the Appendix showed that the standard deviation of the chemotactic index was greatly influenced by the degree of persistence in the direction of movement, the duration and the number of cells recorded. The high values obtained for the standard deviations are fully explained by the persistence in the direction of movement of the basophilic bone marrow cells. In all cases, a clear distinction could be made between a chemokinetic and a chemotactic response. For the first time, a chemotactic mechanism has been demonstrated to control the directed migration of embryonic cells. Our data fully support the hypothesis proposed by Le Douarin (1978, in: Cold Spring Harbor Conferences on Cell Proliferation, pp. 5-31) that the homing of hemopoietic precursor cells into the thymus is controlled by a chemotactic mechanism. PMID- 6627398 TI - Revertants of a trans-dominant S49 mouse lymphoma mutant that affects expression of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. AB - Phenotypic revertants were isolated from an S49 mouse lymphoma tissue culture cell mutant that lacks cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cA-PK) activity (kin-). The mutant phenotype is trans-dominant and results from a lesion that probably lies outside the cA-PK subunit structural genes. The nature of the event that produces the kin- phenotype is unknown. However, the mechanism that is responsible for its behavior is genetically encoded because: spontaneous revertants arise at low frequency; reversion frequency is increased by mutagen treatment; mutagen specific classes of revertant phenotypes are induced; and some revertants are temperature-sensitive for expression of cA-PK subunit polypeptides. Additional evidence is provided that argues against structural lesions in cA-PK catalytic (C) subunits as explanatory of the kin- phenotype. Kin- cells do not express an immunologically detectable C polypeptide, whereas C expression is restored in revertant cells. Revertants in which phenotype and cA-PK activity levels are only partially restored to that of wild-type cells contain a commensurately reduced amount of C polypeptide. Finally, the structure of C polypeptide in partial revertants is unaltered from that of wild-type C. The evidence supports the hypothesis that the kin- lesion defines a regulatory gene responsible for setting intracellular levels of cA-PK C subunit expression. PMID- 6627400 TI - Evidence of protein secretion by cultured pachytene spermatocytes. AB - Pachytene spermatocytes isolated from immature rat testis were cultured for 6 h in the presence of [35S]methionine and the macromolecules present in the culture medium were analyzed by one-dimensional and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The electrophoretic profiles obtained showed a limited number of polypeptides, some of them consisting of families of spots with the same molecular weight but a different isoelectric point. The reproducibility of the results and the unaltered metabolic activity of the cells during culture time, indicate that the macromolecules present in the medium do not represent degradative products of the cells. Part of the detected macromolecules are considered secreted proteins since the addition of monensin to the cells induces their disappearance from the culture medium. PMID- 6627401 TI - Comparative study of the tightly bound nonhistone chromosomal proteins of rat liver and Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. AB - Nuclei from rat liver and Ehrlich ascites tumour (EAT) cells were fractionated into nuclear matrix and soluble chromatin. The tightly bound nonhistone chromosomal (NHC) proteins of the corresponding chromatin fractions were isolated and analyzed by means of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The comparison of the electrophoretic profiles revealed that these tightly bound proteins consisted of few major fractions common to both rat liver and EAT cells. PMID- 6627402 TI - The origin of the endothelium in the developing marginal vein of the chick wing bud. AB - The origin of the endothelium of the developing limb vasculature has received little attention. From early accounts of the pattern of vessel development in the limb it has been assumed that the endothelia are provided by sprouting and growth of the earliest formed vessels such as the aortae, large veins (the 'genetic' vessels). An alternative origin of the endothelium is the transformation in situ of mesenchymal cells of the limb bud. The origin of the vascular endothelium in the developing marginal vein was investigated by the creation of an enlarged avascular zone of mesenchyme at the distal tip of early chick and quail wing buds. This was achieved by grafting, heterospecifically, avascular tips of correspondingly aged wing-buds. Using the nucleolar marker of the quail cells, the newly formed vessels within the grafted tissue were shown to originate from the host wing-bud vasculature. Thus, it was concluded that the endothelium in developing vessels of the limb bud are derived from the preexisting vessels rather than by the recruitment of undifferentiated limb mesenchyme cells. PMID- 6627403 TI - A temperature-dependent block in spore differentiation is transduced intercellularly by Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - Strain HH31 of Dictyostelium discoideum is abnormal in the sense that at 27 degrees C it fails to produce spores and all or nearly all of the cells become stalk cells. In interstrain chimeras produced at the restrictive temperature, this strain shares with strains A3 or M28 the potential to control spore differentiation in neighboring cells. If HH31 is in numerical excess in slugs, then spore formation by A3 or M28 is suppressed by a factor of 20 or more. In contrast, an excess of A3 cells stimulates the formation of spores by HH31; the rescue affects fewer than one in 1000 HH31 cells though this represents a rescue coefficient of up to 2 X 10(3). The transcellular influence mediated by HH31 is rendered locally since it cannot traverse a thin membrane. It is not an artifact of unfavorable positioning of the test cells because in the slug they accumulate in the prespore region. The temperature-dependence of the self-differentiation of HH31 and its effect on A3 or M28 are altered coordinately in a spontaneous variant of HH31. We suggest that HH31 exerts, and is receptive to, a local effect on and by neighboring cells. This may be mediated by plasma membrane wheat germ agglutinin receptors, since their expression is also found to be under coordinate temperature control in HH31 and its variant. PMID- 6627404 TI - Antigen-processing cells in gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). PMID- 6627405 TI - RNA tumor virus production accompanies the transformed phenotype change induced by hydrocortisone hormone in rat glioma cells. AB - ST1, a hydrocortisone-hypersensitive variant of the C6 rat glioma cell line, produced viral particles upon treatment with this glucocorticoid hormone. The virus was identified as type C RNA tumor virus by: a) morphology; b) 3H-uridine labelling; c) banding in sucrose density gradient; d) reverse transcriptase activity. Hydrocortisone uniquely shut off ST1 cells' transformed phenotype and turned on viral particles production. PMID- 6627407 TI - Cellular motility on glass and in tissues: similarities and dissimilarities. AB - Four neoplastic cell populations, two leukaemias and two carcinomas, were compared with regard to their motile behaviour on glass, on the surface of, and within the mesentery. This natural membrane was chosen because cells with invasive capacities can penetrate into its loose connective tissue where their movements were recorded by time lapse cinematography. Scanning electron microscopy was utilized to better visualize shape and surface specializations of cells moving in the three localizations. Analysis of time lapse films have shown that two populations, the L5222 rat leukaemia and the V2 carcinoma of the rabbit, contain cells with translocative motility. The non-locomotive cells of these populations and all cells of the other two populations (the BNML rat leukaemia and the human tongue carcinoma cell line LICR-HN1) exhibited stationary (non translocative) motility. These basic patterns of cell motility remained the same irrespective of the environment. Regarding the influence of the structured elements of the loose connective tissue on overall shape and surface features, it was found that cells from the two leukaemias were the least affected. While BNML cells displayed their non-locomotive activity in a spherical configuration, the translocative L5222 cells migrated in the same shape as on glass. The anterior cytoplasmic extensions, however, were smaller and less variable. The two carcinoma cell populations were more influenced in both shape and cytoplasmic extensions. The well-spread configuration assumed by the stationary LICR-HN1 cells on glass was not maintained in the tissue. There the cells were more spherical. V2 carcinoma cells locomoting within the mesentery showed an increased ability to adapt their shape to the structured environment. The large leading lamellae, characteristic for V2 cells moving on glass, were not evident in the mesentery. They were replaced by smaller and longer cytoplasmic extensions. These observations indicate that the display of cellular locomotion as such does not depend on the environment. The latter, however, can induce adaptations of the cells' locomotive machinery which are expressed as modifications of overall shape and surface features. PMID- 6627406 TI - Changes of alanine-sodium co-transport during maturation of Xenopus laevis oocytes. AB - Maturation of full grown Xenopus oocytes is associated with a decrease of their capacity to transport amino acids and nucleosides. Nevertheless, the transport continues at a reduced rate until the time of metaphase arrest when the oocytes are ready for shedding. We have found that the L-alanine transport in unfertilized, shed oocytes is a saturable process which is Na+-dependent. The stoichiometrical ratio between sodium and alanine is 2:1. Comparison with the alanine uptake in full grown oocytes shows that during maturation Vmax is strongly reduced while Km and the stoichiometrical ratio of sodium and alanine is unaffected. Lowering the osmolarity of the shedding medium reduces the rate of uptake of alanine below the rates seen after shedding into isotonic media. The transport rates amongst the individual oocytes differ. They do not fit to a Gaussian distribution. In addition, in individual oocytes, there exists no correlation between the variations of the transport rates for amino acids and nucleosides, which are also taken up by the unfertilized, shed oocytes. PMID- 6627408 TI - Myogenesis on microcarrier cultures. AB - The capacity of embryonic chick myoblasts to grow in vitro on DEAE-cellulose microcarriers (MC) has been investigated biochemically and morphologically. The cells attached to the MC, replicated and fused to form elongated myotubes. These myotubes synthesized muscle-specific proteins, such as creatine kinase (CK) and acetylcholine receptors (AChR), and they contracted spontaneously. Some of the advantages of this technique are: a) Tridimensional development of myotubes on MC with orientation of fibers parallel to each other; b) Muscle cells can be cultured on MC for long periods (months); c) Easy harvesting of samples at any time during cultivation; d) DEAE-cellulose MC are commercially available, inexpensive and easy to handle. PMID- 6627409 TI - Wound fluids mediate granulation tissue growth phases. AB - The effects of exudates (wound fluids) from experimental granulation tissue on the synthesis of connective tissue components in fibroblast cultures were tested. The exudate from the early phase of granulation tissue (4 days after implantation) stimulated fibroblast proliferation and also the production of hyaluronic acid comparable to rat serum. On the contrary, the two later exudates (10 and 14 days after implantation) strongly inhibited fibroblast proliferation. These exudates also turned fibroblast glycosaminoglycan synthesis to more sulphate containing molecules. Collagen and protein synthesis were only slightly affected, the maximal collagen synthesis being obtained with the early phase wound fluid. The analysis of exudates and rat serum in sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the clear similarity the exudates from the later growth stages produced some new proteins, which may regulate the altered metabolism of cultured fibroblasts. PMID- 6627410 TI - A species difference in platelet aggregation induced by tumour cells. AB - Ehrlich ascites tumour cells (EATC) induced the aggregation of human platelets but not of sheep or rabbit platelets in native platelet-rich plasma. Aggregation was initiated by the interaction of EATC with a component(s) of human plasma, possibly related to the complement system, which led to the release of cellular ADP, a potent platelet aggregating agent. EATC previously incubated with human platelet-poor plasma induced immediate aggregation in platelet-rich plasma from all three species. The species difference in platelet aggregation by EATC is therefore related to the activity or availability of plasma component(s) responsible for release of cellular ADP rather than to intrinsic differences in platelet responsiveness to the tumour cells. PMID- 6627411 TI - The drug problem: a solution at hand. PMID- 6627412 TI - Vitamins, diet, and the athlete. AB - Good nutrition is necessary for good performance and optimal nutrition can make the difference in a championship performance. Optimal nutrition, however, is the result of good dietary habits and is not achieved by following a special diet for several days or by consuming a special food or supplement. Ergogenic aids can be categorized as mechanical, psychological and psychophysiologic, pharmacologic, and nutritional. The category of nutritional ergogenic aids includes special dietary regimens, special foods, and supplements. Of these, supplements, especially vitamins, pseudovitamins, and nonvitamins, are the most widely used. Supplements promoted as vitamins are more realistically described as vitamins, pseudovitamins, and nonvitamins. Pseudovitamins do have some activity related to vitamins, but at present no evidence exists for their requirement by humans. Nonvitamins are substances that may be found in naturally occurring foods but have no demonstrated nutritional value and are therefore not considered essential nutrients for humans or animals. Nutritional deficiencies can result in decreased performance. However, there is no evidence that consumption of nutrients beyond the requirements of the organism is beneficial and, in fact, some nutrients ingested at high levels for long periods of time result in toxicity. A review of the literature reveals that deterioration of physical performance resulting from prolonged vitamin deficiency is well documented. Numerous studies substantiate that once vitamin requirements are met, there appears to be no value in consuming additional amounts. Unfortunately, the literature is not as complete regarding vitamin or mineral toxicity. However, there is ample evidence to show that the possibility of toxicity is a genuine concern. Supplementation is common among athletes, with reported occurrence ranging from 54 to 84 per cent. Studies on the general public place the incidence of supplementation between 40 and 67 per cent. Although some dietary studies of athletes report the frequency of use of supplementation, few report the levels being consumed. A study currently in progress has found world-class amateur and professional athletes to use supplements at an incidence comparative to that reported in other studies of athletes. However, the levels at which supplements were taken are considered extremely high. Maintaining ideal weight and variety are the quantity and quality indexes for diet. Following sound nutritional principles will help to insure the athlete's ability to perform at his or her best. In general, a diet that provides 45 to 55 per cent of the calories from carbohydrate, 12 to 15 pr cent from protein, and 30 to 40 per cent from fat will meet the athlete's needs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6627413 TI - Shoulder pain. AB - Disabling shoulder pain is common in those who engage in athletic activities and there is a wide spectrum of causes. Some entities are secondary to an acute injury such as a shoulder subluxation or dislocation with subsequent disability. More commonly, we see pain resulting from repeated insult, such as chronic tendinitis or attritional tears of the rotator cuff. Each entity has its own distinctive characteristics, so that a thorough history, physical examination, radiograms, and, occasionally, special studies should result in the proper diagnosis. The appropriate treatment can then be instituted, minimizing the period of disability as well as preventing future morbidity. PMID- 6627414 TI - Drug and sex testing: regulations for international competition. PMID- 6627415 TI - ACute muscle and tendon injuries in athletes. PMID- 6627416 TI - Sports physiology: testing the athlete. AB - The Sports Physiology Laboratory at the Olympic Training Center has essentially three responsibilities. (1) education of the athlete and coach, (2) service to National Governing Bodies that request, on behalf of their substructure, testing or educational programs, and (3) research on specific questions of interest to an athletic group. PMID- 6627417 TI - Ankle sprains in athletes. PMID- 6627418 TI - The biomechanical aspects of Olympic sports medicine. PMID- 6627419 TI - Evaluation of isokinetic muscle performance. AB - The development and availability of isokinetic testing equipment, recording systems, and systems for computer analysis have improved the quality and quantity of information about specific skeletal muscle performance. The value of both isokinetic exercise and instrumentation designed to objectively record muscle performance characteristics is becoming more widely recognized, especially by professional members of the sports medicine community. The present demand for appropriate equipment is high and new instrumentation for this purpose is being developed. Current instrumentation continues to be modified and improved. The information gained from carefully designed testing protocols is useful and necessary for understanding the role of specific muscle groups in athletic performance and for determining the readiness of the athlete to resume training or competition following injury or deconditioning. With expanded profile data about the muscle performance characteristics of various categories of athletes, training or rehabilitation programs may be adapted to meet the strength, speed, and endurance requirements of a given sport, which may enhance the quality of participation and prevent the occurrence of injury or reinjury. PMID- 6627420 TI - Olympic sports medicine: a unifying force. PMID- 6627421 TI - Resistive training. PMID- 6627422 TI - The Amateur Sports Act of 1978--implications for sports medicine. PMID- 6627423 TI - Sports psychology and the elite athlete. PMID- 6627424 TI - [Study of the activities of leading workers in the pharmaceutical service. I. An analysis of the activity of district pharmacists and chief pharmacists in pharmacies]. PMID- 6627425 TI - [Standardization of natural drugs]. PMID- 6627426 TI - [Effectiveness of research in gynecology and obstetrics]. PMID- 6627427 TI - [Immunoglobulins and hormonal contraception]. PMID- 6627428 TI - [Dynamics of the occurrence of glycogen in vaginal epithelium and its interdependence during pregnancy, delivery and the early puerperal period]. PMID- 6627429 TI - [Care of newborn infants and mothers (rooming-in) at the Institute for Maternal and Child Care]. PMID- 6627430 TI - [Attitude of mothers to a new method of maternal and newborn infant care]. PMID- 6627432 TI - [Why do women age faster, but men die earlier? Evolutionary aspects of menopause]. PMID- 6627431 TI - [Again on postcoital contraception]. PMID- 6627433 TI - [Changes in fetal position during intrauterine development]. PMID- 6627434 TI - [Relation of serum immunoglobulins and the activity, progress and treatment of gynecologic tumors]. PMID- 6627435 TI - [Adaptation of women to illness due to gynecologic carcinoma]. PMID- 6627436 TI - [Maturation of girls and their sex life]. PMID- 6627437 TI - [Catheter for uterotubal instillation (Kanyla U-T-I). (Author's patent certification number 220611/83)]. PMID- 6627438 TI - [A rare cause of hemoperitoneum due to rupture of a blood vessel of the lesser omentum]. PMID- 6627439 TI - [Iodinated polyvinylpyrrolidone in gynecology and obstetrics]. PMID- 6627440 TI - [Contribution to the question of the homologous basis of female and male sexuality]. PMID- 6627441 TI - [Psychosomatic medicine in gynecology and obstetrics. Abstracts]. PMID- 6627442 TI - [Automatic measurement and evaluation of various time intervals with a modified TI-59 calculator]. PMID- 6627443 TI - [Portal hemodynamics in individuals without liver disease]. PMID- 6627444 TI - [Summary of reports presented at the study meeting of the Czech Commission on Tissue Culture and the Section on Tissue Culture of the Slovak Oncological Association of the J.E. Purkinje Medical Society at Pribram, 15-18 June 1982]. PMID- 6627445 TI - [Malignant glaucoma]. PMID- 6627446 TI - [Incidence and surgical treatment of orbital fractures]. PMID- 6627447 TI - [Blow-out orbital fractures]. PMID- 6627448 TI - [Orbital injuries associated with injuries of the middle third of the face]. PMID- 6627449 TI - [The epithelium of the healthy cornea in the rabbit in the microscopic and ultramicroscopic picture]. PMID- 6627450 TI - [The endothelium of the healthy cornea in the rabbit in the microscopic and electron microscopic picture]. PMID- 6627451 TI - [Computer tomography of the orbit in children]. PMID- 6627452 TI - [The importance of computed tomography in the diagnosis of deep papillary drusen]. PMID- 6627453 TI - [Fluorescein angiography of the iris after surgery of strabismus and retinal detachment]. PMID- 6627454 TI - [Persistence of the rubeola syndrome today]. PMID- 6627455 TI - [Comments on computer tomography in otolaryngology]. PMID- 6627457 TI - [Infrared thermovision in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the thyroid gland in childhood]. PMID- 6627456 TI - [Thermography in otolaryngology]. PMID- 6627458 TI - [Surgical tactics in carcinoma of the middle ear]. PMID- 6627459 TI - [Microbiological study of inflammation of the maxillary sinus]. PMID- 6627461 TI - [Problems with nasal polyps]. PMID- 6627462 TI - [Our audiometric criteria for the prevention of occupational hearing disorders]. PMID- 6627460 TI - [The role of Toxoplasma gondii in the etiology of chronic tonsillitis in children]. PMID- 6627464 TI - [A neuromuscular stimulator]. PMID- 6627463 TI - [Esthesioneuroblastoma in a 4-year-old boy]. PMID- 6627465 TI - [Report on a study stay at the ORL clinic in Hungary]. PMID- 6627466 TI - [Extramedullary hemopoiesis in the mammary gland of neonates and young infants]. AB - In a group of neonates and sucklings the development and extent of mammary haemopoiesis were studied as compared to the liver, axillary and mesogastric skin. Haemopoiesis was lacking in babies weighting round 1000 g at birth in the mammary epithelial anlage. Not until the lumina of glandular tubuli with encircling connective tissue developed, myelopoiesis and lymphopoiesis occurred associated with plasmacytes and mast cells as usual; erythropoiesis and megakaryocytes were found constantly as late as in babies weighing over 1500 g at birth. The extent of haemopoiesis was related to increasing birth weight being the biggest in babies over 2000 g. The development of mammary haemopoiesis was opposite to liver and skin haemopoiesis; Mammary haemopoiesis decreased after birth and erythropoiesis was completely lacking at the end of neonatal period; small groups of myelopoiesis and lymphopoiesis with single megakaryocytes mostly remained as late as in early suckling period. There exists a positive influence of some diseases (e. g. asphyxia. inflammation, cyanotic congenital heart disease) on the persistence and extent of mammary haemopoiesis. PMID- 6627467 TI - [Regional proliferative changes in the intestines and intestinal adenocarcinoma and lymphoma in golden hamsters with "wet tail"]. AB - A group of 637 golden hamsters [Mesocricetus auratus] was studied and 64 of them found suffering from wet tail syndrome. They had a regional epithelial proliferation of the gut often reminding of a tumour associated with unspecified bacilliform organisms in enterocytes. Three adult females showed a similar lesion lacking of microbes with intestinal adenocarcinoma instead. Its diffuse growth reaching mesentery was combined with secondaries in mesenteric lymph nodes. Nine older hamsters showed a malignant intestinal lymphoma in similar conditions. Mutual relations of the findings were discussed. Wet tail syndrome seemed to be an intestinal precancer. PMID- 6627468 TI - [Changes in the non-neoplastic thymus in myasthenia gravis]. AB - Non-neoplastic thymuses were examined in 63 patients suffering from myasthenia gravis. Germinal centres were found in 61 patients, minute capsular and septal foci consisting of histiocytes and eosinophilic leucocytes were in 27 cases. An opinion was discussed that lesion close to germinal centres could be related to immune reaction after myogenic induction in thymuses from cases of myasthenia gravis. PMID- 6627469 TI - [Contribution to the problem of acute methanol poisoning]. AB - The thanatological problem of acute methanol intoxications, similarly as the method of laboratory assessment, are urgent issues. Absolute levels of methanol concentration in blood are from the aspect of prognosis and lethal course resp. less important than the pH of blood and the value of the "base excess" [BE] on the one hand and cerebral oedema on the other hand. In 33 cases of acute methanol poisoning [including 12 fatal ones] the authors recorded survival at a maximum methanol blood concentration of 2.59 0/00 with pH values of 7.27 and BE -14, while death occurred already at a concentration of 0.70 0/00, pH 6.86 and BE 20.2. The authors consider pH values below 7.0 with BE values below -20 as critical. To concurrent administration of ethanol, even if administered on therapeutic grounds, due attention must be devoted. For detection and assessment of methanol in the blood stream and other biological fluids gas chromatography, "head space" technique, and diethyl ketone as an internal standard proved most useful. The authors demonstrate macroscopic and microscopic findings in organs of the deceased patients. PMID- 6627470 TI - [12th National Neurovascular Symposium. Banska Bystrica, 11-12 November 1982]. PMID- 6627471 TI - [Cerebrovascular problems: 12th World Neurological Congress, Kyoto, 20-25 September 1981. I]. PMID- 6627472 TI - [Supraspinal control of changes in the H-reflex during tactile stimulation in patients with hemiparesis]. PMID- 6627473 TI - [Personal experience with spontaneous epidural spinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 6627474 TI - [Cerebral multiembolism of cardiac origin]. PMID- 6627475 TI - [Abnormal EEG tracings without a clinical correlation]. PMID- 6627476 TI - [Deceptive symptomatology of hemispheric tumors in childhood]. PMID- 6627478 TI - [Larvate depression from the aspect of ambulatory care]. PMID- 6627477 TI - [Pedophilic incestuous behavior treated with lithium. II. Sexological aspects. Case report]. PMID- 6627480 TI - [New directions in the evaluation of the capacity for legal acts. I]. PMID- 6627479 TI - [Diagnosis of personality disorders in adolescence. II]. PMID- 6627481 TI - [The child behavior disorder syndrome and alcoholism in the parents]. PMID- 6627483 TI - [Paranoid symptomatology in epileptics]. PMID- 6627482 TI - [Problems with aspiration asphyxia in mental patients]. PMID- 6627484 TI - [Music therapy of imbecile inmates in a social care institution]. PMID- 6627485 TI - [Cystic fibrosis 1946-1982]. PMID- 6627486 TI - [Cardiovascular complications of cystic fibrosis]. PMID- 6627487 TI - [Effect of repeated administration of the mucolytic Mucopront on the ultrastructure of the respiratory tract epithelium]. PMID- 6627489 TI - [Interferon-producing capacity in children with respiratory tract diseases]. PMID- 6627488 TI - [Development of obstructive bronchitis in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6627490 TI - [Therapy and prognosis of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome in children]. PMID- 6627491 TI - [Classification of the enuretic bladder. Functional clinico-anatomic-radiographic correlates: diagnostic criteria]. PMID- 6627492 TI - [New possibilities of drug therapy in congenital heart defects]. PMID- 6627493 TI - [Epileptic syndrome in children at risk]. PMID- 6627494 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of theophylline in infants and toddlers with respiratory diseases]. PMID- 6627495 TI - [Changes in stretch reflexes in acute respiratory diseases in infants]. PMID- 6627497 TI - [Marxism and Leninism in the postgraduate education of physicians]. PMID- 6627496 TI - [Problems in the postgraduate training of primary care physicians in the future]. PMID- 6627498 TI - [Specific position of industrial health services in light of the health policy of the Czechoslovak Communist Party]. PMID- 6627500 TI - [Serious questions concerning continuing education of pharmacists]. PMID- 6627499 TI - [Selected questions of postgraduate education of physicians and pharmacists]. PMID- 6627502 TI - Alkylation of isolated chromatin with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and N-ethyl-N nitrosourea. AB - When isolated chromatin is incubated with the carcinogens N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MeNU) and N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (EtNU), DNA and chromosomal proteins become alkylated to increasingly greater extents as the carcinogen concentrations increase. With either MeNU or EtNU, the core and linker DNA of chromatin are alkylated to essentially identical extents. Alkylation of chromatin DNA as well as free DNA is drastically reduced at physiological ionic strengths (e.g. 0.15 M NaCl). The presence of 0.15 M NaCl, on the other hand, enhances alkylation of chromosomal proteins. While EtNU is much less reactive to DNA than MeNU, alkylation of chromosomal proteins relative to that of chromatin DNA has been found to be markedly greater with EtNU than with MeNU. Such a difference in their relative reactivities toward DNA and proteins may be related to the known difference of carcinogenic potency between these N-nitroso compounds. PMID- 6627501 TI - In vivo assay for somatic point mutations induced by genotoxic carcinogens: incorporation of [35S]methionine into a rat liver cytochrome b5 normally lacking sulphur-containing amino acids. AB - The trypsin fragments of rat liver microsomal cytochrome b5 (Tb5) lack both methionine (met) and cysteine (cys), i.e., the sulphur-containing amino acids. Tb5 should therefore contain no 35S-radioactivity after isolation from animals treated with [35S]met or [35S]cys. If, however, the nucleic acids coding for this polypeptide have been damaged by a genotoxic carcinogen, a miscoding could result in an incorporation of met or cys into the polypeptide so that Tb5 could now be 35S-radiolabelled. Two experiments are described, the first one where a toxic regimen of N-nitrosomorpholine (NNM) to rats resulted in a significant increase of 35S-radioactivity in the Tb5 of liver microsomes, and a second experiment with a non-toxic regimen of N,N-diethylnitrosamine (DENA), where no increase was observable. PMID- 6627504 TI - The toxicity of menthol in short-term bioassays. AB - The toxicity of menthol was studied on 4 different in vitro systems covering organ, cellular and subcellular levels. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) for the cellular and subcellular systems ranged from 0.32 mM to 0.76 mM. At a concentration of 0.5 mM menthol the receptor mediated respiratory stimulation of isolated brown adipocytes was markedly inhibited while the intracellular mitochondrial functions were still unaffected. However, using isolated rat liver mitochondria 0.5 mM menthol was found to cause increase in the 'state 4' respiratory rate and osmotic swelling, indicating a leakage of the mitochondrial membrane. We therefore suggest that one effect of menthol is a deterioration of biological membranes. For the determination of the cellular toxicity of foreign compounds isolated brown adipocytes represents a convenient and sensitive model, providing the possibility to localize the primary site of action in terms of mitochondrial or extramitochondrial level. PMID- 6627503 TI - The effect of tin chloride on the structure and function of DNA in human white blood cells. AB - Tin compounds are being used increasingly in the home, in industry and in medicine. There have been relatively few studies on the long term biological effects of this metal, although acute effects have been documented. In this report we describe experiments which show that tin(II), as stannous chloride, is readily taken up by human white blood cells (WBC) and can cause damage to DNA. Damage was detected in WBC after exposure to 10-50 microM tin(II) for 30 min at either 0 degree or 37 degrees C. The amount of damage observed was more extensive than that produced by exposure of cells to equimolar amounts of chromium(VI), a known carcinogen and DNA damaging agent. Additional indication of cellular damage is that exposure of human lymphocytes or mouse splenocytes to tin(II) interfered with their ability to be stimulated by the polyvalent mitogen concanavalin A (Con A). By contrast, tin(IV) was not taken up by cells, did not cause DNA damage nor did it inhibit stimulation of DNA synthesis in cells that were exposed to Con A. PMID- 6627505 TI - A method for measuring the lifetime of chemically and metabolically generated electrophilic species. AB - A method is presented for the characterization of the reaction order and rate constant for chemically and metabolically generated reactive electrophilic intermediates. The procedure employs flow kinetics and trapping of the electrophilic species. Reactive agents or metabolic intermediates are passed through a column containing a bound nucleophilic reagent. The electrophilic species reacts at a characteristic rate while moving through the column at a fixed pH, temperature and rate of flow. The alkylation products formed during this reaction are quantified in individual column segments which correspond to time intervals. This provides data for the calculation of the lifetime of the short-lived species. The method may be used for agents having half-lives of 1 s to 30 min. Metabolic intermediates need not be isolated. Data is presented for the reaction rates of 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (MNU), 1-methyl-3-nitro-1 nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and iodomethane. A metabolic activation system is described for the conversion of acetoxy-methylmethylnitrosamine (DMN-OAc) to hydroxymethylmethylnitrosamine (DMN-OH) and measurement of the stability of that intermediate. Hydroxymethylmethylnitrosamine was found to have a half-life of 28s at pH 7.4, 37 degrees C. PMID- 6627506 TI - The interaction of chromium with nucleic acids. AB - Native and denatured calf thymus DNA, and homopolyribonucleotides were compared with respect to chromium and protein binding after an in vitro incubation with rat liver microsomes, NADPH, and chromium (VI) or chromium (III). A significant amount of chromium bound to DNA when chromium (VI) was incubated with the native or the denatured form of DNA in the presence of microsomes and NADPH. For both native and denatured DNA the amount of protein bound to DNA increased with the amount of chromium bound to DNA. Denatured DNA had much higher amounts of chromium and protein bound than native DNA. There was no interaction between chromium(VI) and either form of DNA in the absence of the complete microsomal reducing system. The binding of chromium(III) to native or denatured DNA was small and relatively unaffected by the presence of microsomes and NADPH. The binding of chromium and protein to polyriboadenylic acid (poly(A], polyribocytidylic acid (poly(C], polyriboguanylic acid (poly(G] and polyribouridylic acid (poly(U] was determined after incubation with chromium(VI) in the presence of microsomes and NADPH. The magnitude of chromium and protein binding to the ribopolymers was found to be poly(G) much greater than poly(A) approximately equal to poly(C) approximately equal to poly(U). These results suggest that the metabolism of chromium(VI) is necessary in order for chromium to interact significantly with nucleic acids. The metabolically-produced chromium preferentially binds to the base guanine and results in DNA-protein cross-links. These findings are discussed with respect to the proposed scheme for the carcinogenicity of chromium(VI). PMID- 6627507 TI - Changes in potassium permeability and membrane potential of bovine red blood cells estimated by the use of a dimerizing fluorescence probe. PMID- 6627509 TI - Synthesis of the metabolites of afloqualone and related compounds. PMID- 6627508 TI - Studies on 2-oxoquinoline derivatives as blood platelet aggregation inhibitors. II. 6-[3-(1-cyclohexyl-5-tetrazolyl)propoxy]-1,2-dihydro-2-oxoquinoline and related compounds. PMID- 6627510 TI - New and selective spectrophotometric determination of streptomycin using o hydroxyhydroquinonephthalein and manganese (II). PMID- 6627511 TI - Studies on large mobile protein appearing in submandibular glands of isoproterenol-treated rats. V. Further studies on some aspects of its formation. PMID- 6627512 TI - Pharmacokinetic study on the polymorphs of (alpha-bromoisovaleryl)urea in the rat. PMID- 6627513 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of creatinine using o hydroxyhydroquinonephthalein-palladium (II) complex. PMID- 6627514 TI - Determination of propranolol and its major metabolite, naphthoxylactic acid, in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6627515 TI - In vitro release of prednisolone from oil-in-water ointment. The effect of long chain alcohols on drug release. PMID- 6627516 TI - Examination of biodegradability of poly(ethylene carbonate) and poly(propylene carbonate) in the peritoneal cavity in rats. PMID- 6627517 TI - Effect of temperature on the metabolism of aminopyrine. PMID- 6627518 TI - Effect of aluminum ingestion on lipid peroxidation in rats. PMID- 6627519 TI - Studies on the antitumor cyclic hexapeptides obtained from Rubiae radix. PMID- 6627520 TI - Antitumor activity of diterpenoids, trichorabdals A, B, and C, and the related compounds: synergism of two active sites. PMID- 6627521 TI - Selective 31P(1H) nuclear Overhauser effect study on the polar headgroup conformation of phospholipids in micelles in organic solvents. AB - The polar headgroup structure of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS) in inverted micelles in chloroform or benzene was investigated by the selective 31P(H) nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE). In the frequency dependence of the 31P(1H) NOE, PC micelles in CDCl3 showed two maxima. The larger maximum was located at the resonance of the glycerol-CH2OP protons and the smaller at the resonance of the N-methyl protons. In PC/PE mixed micelles in C6D6, both PC and PE showed three maxima which were located at the resonance of the CH2OP protons, the N-methyl protons and the amino protons in the frequency dependence of the 31P-NOE. The N-methyl protons of PC and the amino protons of PE were closely spaced to the phosphate groups of neighboring lipid molecules. The polar headgroups of PC and PE in the mixed micelles were concluded to lie in the plane perpendicular to the molecular axes. The frequency dependence of the 31P(H) NOE for PS micelles in C6D6 showed the maxima at the resonances of the amino protons and the CH2OP protons. The polar headgroups of PS molecules were not extended parallel to the molecular axes in the inverted micelles. PMID- 6627522 TI - Calcium transport by a beta-diketone in model membranes. AB - The beta-diketone 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-7,7-dimethyloctane-4,6-dione (FOD) translocates calcium from an aqueous medium into an organic phase. FOD is less efficient than but acts synergistically with A23187 in causing calcium translocation. The FOD-mediated process of calcium translocation is inhibited by NaCl, although the translocation of sodium by FOD is two to three orders of magnitude lower than that of calcium, when expressed relative to the concentration of these cations in the aqueous medium. At pH 7.4, FOD mediates calcium exchange-diffusion in fluid liposomes as efficiently as A23187. The extent of exchange-diffusion depends on the rigidity and cholesterol content of the liposomes. Conformational analysis of the complex formed by two molecules of FOD and one calcium atom at a simulated membrane interface reveals the existence of several interconvertible, asymmetrical and more-or-less planar configurations. The efficiency of FOD-mediated calcium ionophoresis thus appears to be regulated in a multifactorial manner by such factors as the concentration of calcium and monovalent cations, chemical composition and fluidity of the membrane, availability of other ionophoretic molecules and spatial configuration of the calcium complex. PMID- 6627523 TI - Esterase-type of activity possessed by human plasma apolipoprotein C-II and its synthetic fragments. AB - Human plasma apolipoproteins apo A-I, A-II, C-I, C-II and C-III (with the exception of apoE), porcine pancreatic colipase and procolipase hydrolyze 4 methylumbelliferyloleate. In all cases, liberation of 4-methylumbelliferone could be inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl-fluoride, thus suggesting the involvement of serine residues. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on the esterase activities of these peptides. Synthetic fragments of the lipoprotein lipase activator, apoC-II, prepared according to the known sequence, also possessed this esterase-type of activity. Furthermore, the esterase-type of activities of the synthetic apoC-II fragments with different chain lengths bore a relatively good correlation to the reported abilities of these peptides to produce activation of lipoprotein lipase. We propose a model for the mechanism of activation of lipoprotein lipase by apolipoprotein C-II. ApoC-II would enhance the apparent catalytic rate constant of lipoprotein lipase by functioning as a specific acyl-enzyme hydrolase. A similar catalytic mechanism is suggested for other protein co-factors of hydrolytic enzymes. PMID- 6627524 TI - A new synthesis of bis(diacylglycero)phosphate. AB - The chemical synthesis of bis(diacylglycero) phosphate previously named bisphosphatidic acid, starting with a diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid, is described. The phosphodiester bond formation is catalyzed by triisopropylbenzenesulfonylchloride. This simple approach allows the preparation of saturated as well as unsaturated bis(diacylglycero)phosphate species in one step without the use of any protecting group. The methods used until now yield only mono-acid species, or mixed-acid unsaturated species after many steps involving the introduction and the removal of protecting groups. The synthetic products have been characterized by component analysis and NMR-techniques. PMID- 6627525 TI - 1-O-alkyl-2-O-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholines: influence on aggregation and [3H]serotonin release of human thrombocytes. AB - 1-O-Alkyl-2-O-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholines (platelet activating factor, PAF) aggregate human thrombocytes in a concentration dependent fashion. After a short lag-phase, maximum aggregation is reached within 2 min. PAF releases serotonin from human thrombocytes within 1 min. Indomethacin and creatine phosphate (CP)/creatine phosphokinase (CPK) are able to inhibit the second phase of the aggregation by PAF, while xylocain reduces both the first and second phase of aggregation of human thrombocytes. Hirudine neither influences the first nor the second phase of aggregation by PAF. PMID- 6627526 TI - Unusual enthalpy changes which accompany the titration of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles with Triton X-100. AB - The enthalpy changes which accompany the titration of 0.1% and 0.25% small unilamellar and multiameller vesicle samples of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine with 2% Triton X-100 in 0.067 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 0.15 M NaCl have been determined by titration calorimetry at 21 degrees C and 28 degrees C, the enthalpy change for both type of vesicles was zero within the limits of experimental error. At 21 degrees C, the multilamellar vesicle samples exhibited an enthalpy change of 1.35 +/- 0.48 and 2.47 +/- 0.98 kcal/mol dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine which was complete at a molar ratio of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine to Triton of 3.21 +/- 0.84 and 5.77 +/- 1.05 for 0.1% and 0.25% dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine solutions, respectively. An exothermic transition of -2.39 +/- 0.30 and -2.05 +/- 0.69 kcal/mol phospholipid followed by an endothermic transition of 1.37 +/- 0.12 and 1.94 +/- 0.20 kcal/mol dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine was observed at 21 degrees C for 0.1% and 0.25% small unilamellar vesicle samples, respectively. In addition the nearly athermal association of the small unilemellar vesicle samples at 21 degrees C was observed, which may be an appropriate model for biological membrane fusion. PMID- 6627527 TI - Phosphono-platelet activating factor I. Synthesis of 1-O-hexadecyl-2-O-acetyl glyceryl-3-(2-trimethyl ammonium-methyl) phosphonate and its platelet activating potency. AB - The total synthesis of 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-3-glyceryl-(2-trimethyl ammoniummethyl) phosphonate, the phosphono analogue of 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3 phosphorylcholine, is described. The phosphonolipid shows much lower activity than the phospholipid stimulating serotonin release from rabbit platelets. PMID- 6627528 TI - Synthesis and polymorphic phase behaviour of polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines. AB - A series of phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines was synthesized containing two acyl chains of the following polyunsaturated fatty acids: linoleic acid (18:2), linolenic acid (18:3), arachidonic acid (20:4) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6). In addition two phospholipids with mixed acid composition were synthesized: 16:0/18:1c phosphatidylcholine and 16:0/18:1c phosphatidylethanolamine. The structural properties of these lipids in aqueous dispersions in the absence and in the presence of equimolar cholesterol were studied using 31P-NMR, freeze fracturing and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The phosphatidylcholines adopt a bilayer configuration above 0 degrees C. Incorporation of 50 mol% of cholesterol in polyunsaturated species induces a transition at elevated temperatures into structures with 31P-NMR characteristics typical of non-bilayer organizations. When the acyl chains contain three or more double bonds, this non-bilayer organization is most likely the hexagonal HII phase. 16:0/18:1c phosphatidylethanolamine shows a bilayer to hexagonal transition temperature of 75 degrees C. The polyunsaturated phosphatidylethanolamines exhibit a bilayer to hexagonal transition temperature below 0 degrees C which decreases with increasing unsaturation and which is lowered by approximately 10 degrees C upon incorporation of 50 mol% of cholesterol. Finally, it was found that small amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acyl chains in a phosphatidylethanolamine disproportionally lower its bilayer to hexagonal transition temperature. PMID- 6627529 TI - The nature of lipidic particles and their roles in polymorphic transitions. AB - The structural transition between bilayer (L alpha), inverted hexagonal (HII) and inverted cubic (CII) phases in mixtures of unsaturated phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and phosphatidylcholines (PC) were investigated. Freeze fracture electron micrographs of intermediate stages of phase transitions showed that CII was a stable intermediate form between the L alpha--HII transition. The electron microscopic observation was supported by X-ray diffraction and 31P-NMR results. Detailed morphology revealed that during the L alpha--CII transition, interlamellae attachment points (conical lipidic particles) connect adjacent bilayers to form arrays of entrapped water pockets (inverted micelles). These water-containing spherical units were packed in a cubic lattice. In the CII to HII transition, these spherical units were linearly connected to form tubes. During the L alpha--HII transition, a ripple pattern was observed across the otherwise smooth lamellar. The troughs of the ripples were transformed into linear connections between adjacent bilayers, thereby converting multilayer structures into parallel tubes. No lipidic particles were involved in this type of transition. We show that there are different mechanisms involved in the L alpha, HII, CII polymorphic transitions, and that different types of 'lipidic particles' representing different molecular organizations may be involved in each case. Models of these transitions are proposed. PMID- 6627530 TI - Liposomal membranes. XIV. Fusion of liposomal membranes induced by polyisoprenoids as monitored by fluorescence quenching method. AB - Fusion of the single-walled liposomes of egg phosphatidylcholine as induced by the polyisoprenoids such as solanesol, trans-ethyl decaprenoate (EDP), coenzyme Q10, and dolichol has been investigated adopting the fluorescence quenching method. Relative efficiency of the polyisoprenoids employed on the induced fusion of liposomes was a sequence of solanesol less than or equal to EDP much less than CoQ10, dolichol, which was consistent with the result previously obtained by the dye-release method. PMID- 6627531 TI - A 2H-NMR analysis of dihydrosterculoyl-containing lipids in model membranes: structural effects of a cyclopropane ring. AB - The molecular properties of lipid multilayers of 1-palmitoyl-2 [dideutero]dihydrosterculoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PDSPC) were investigated by means of 2H-NMR. The transition from the liquid-crystalline phase to a more highly ordered phase was found to take place between -10 degrees C and 15 degrees C. The temperature variation of the quadrupolar splittings of specifically dideuterated PDSPC molecules was analyzed in terms of 'segmental' and 'geometrical' order parameters: the lower half of the sn-2 chain (from the site of the cyclopropane ring to the terminal methyl group) was more conformationally disordered than the upper half. The apparently abnormal increase of the quadrupolar splitting of the pro-S deuteron at the C-2' position, with increasing temperature, was attributed to a change in the average orientation of that C-2H bond with respect to the axis of motion, resulting in an increase of the 'geometrical' order parameter, S gamma. The molecular order parameter matrix elements, Sij, of the cyclopropane ring were derived from the experimental SC-2H order parameters using similarity transformations. The matrix S was diagonalized and the molecular order parameter of the cyclopropane ring, Smol (or S*33), was determined by assuming axial symmetry for such matrices associated with molecules in a liquid-crystal medium. A value of Smol = 0.59 +/- 0.04 at 25 degrees C was thus calculated. This value represents a discontinuity in the positional dependence of the molecular order parameter for the sn-2 chain of PDSPC, indicating that the cyclopropane ring provides a rigid barrier separating the lipid bilayer into two regions: an ordered region from the bilayer surface to the site of the cyclopropane ring and a much more disordered region thereafter to the center of the bilayer. PMID- 6627532 TI - Electron spin resonance study of the role of vitamin E and vitamin C in the inhibition of fatty acid oxidation in a model membrane. AB - The neutral alpha-tocopheroxyl radicals, generated in monolayers on silica gel containing alpha-tocopherol and partly autoxidised methyl linoleate at 90 degrees C, were detected and identified by ESR spectroscopy. Addition of ascorbic acid to the monolayer resulted in the complete quenching of the alpha-tocopheroxyl radical spectrum. This lends support to the view that ascorbate transfers hydrogen to alpha-tocopheroxyl radicals thus regenerating alpha-tocopherol. PMID- 6627533 TI - [Caudal anesthesia in pediatric surgery]. AB - Caudal anaesthesia in pediatric surgery about 116 cases (children from three weeks to 18 years with 64 below 5 years) is reported. The caudal anaesthesia, at 6 mg/kg, is very usefull for surgery below T 10 because: --it can be used in day surgery, --it avoids intubation and its complications, --it allows feeding as soon as required, --it gives a post operative analgesia. In our practice, this technique is safe and is real progress compare to the general anaesthesia. PMID- 6627535 TI - [Vesico-sphincteric dysfunction in children. Apropos of 85 cases, neurologic contexts excluded]. AB - The authors have evaluated the dysfonctional patterns of low urological tract in 85 children between 3 and 14 years old, without urinary malformations or neurologic disorders. The clinic, radiologic, endoscopic and urodynamic studies identified three most common voiding patterns abnormalities: --non inhibited bladder, --detrusor-external sphincter dyssynergia during voiding, --bladder neck contracture. The three abnormalities obstructive dysfonction must be recognized before vesico-renal reflux or chronic cystitis treatment. PMID- 6627534 TI - [Location of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve during high frequency ventilation in surgery for esophageal atresia]. AB - The authors are describing a surgical technique to recognize the left recurrent laryngeal nerve during the oesophage atresia surgery. This technique uses for anatomical marks the superior line of the great azygos vein an the oeso-tracheal lateral junction. The dissection is very delicate, and the hight frequency ventilation during anesthesia gives a precious comfort to the surgeon. PMID- 6627536 TI - [Neonatal enterolithiasis (or intraluminal meconial calcifications). Apropos of 4 cases]. AB - Calcified intraluminal meconium is rarely observed in newborn. Only 27 cases are related in litterature; the authors report 4 new cases and point out the role of intestinal obstruction (principaly anorectal malformations, but also atresia, meconium ileus or Hirschsprung disease). Pathogenesis is unknown, while intestinal urinary fistula is frequently described. PMID- 6627537 TI - [Pneumoblastoma in children. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - Pulmonary blastoma is an exceedingly rare primary neoplasm in the paediatric age group. Pre-operative diagnosis is impossible because of its lack of specificity in clinical and radiological signs. The only diagnosis is the histopathological one. It is a malignant tumor capable of metastasis with a poor prognosis. The best method of treatment is still unknown but at the present time, the only survivals are the result of a complete and early surgical excision. The authors report 2 paediatric cases which have been observed at the hospital of Montpellier (France) for a 20 years period. They try to determine why children's pulmonary blastoma is slightly different from the adults one. They ask the question of histogenesis. PMID- 6627538 TI - [Epidermoid cyst of the spleen in children. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - Two cases of epidermoid cyst of the spleen are reported. A splenectomy was necessary because the topography of the lesions was not consistent with a conservative procedure for this children fourteen and ten years old. The histological criteria and pathogenic hypotheses of this infrequent lesion are analysed. Ultrasonography and eventually computerized tomography bring the best findings concerning the topography and are useful for the surgical treatment. When it is possible, the partial conservation of the spleen is to be wished. PMID- 6627539 TI - [Fractures and slipped epiphyses of the proximal humerus in children. Place and methods of surgical treatment]. AB - Fractures and Epiphyseal separations of the proximal humerus are usually non operatively treated with a generally good result. However, sometimes, a surgical treatment may be required. Twenty fractures of the proximal humerus occurring in children were treated operatively. From these 20 cases, the authors precise the indications and the ways of surgical treatment in this type of lesion. They insist upon the value of the angulation on the lateral radiograph of the shoulder which, if important, may often signify an interposition of the tendon of the long head of the biceps between the fracture fragments causing irreductibility; they propose a classification of the fractures referring to this angle. Considering surgical procedure, delto-pectoral approach is the most commonly used, although axillary way is more esthaetic. Kirschner wires and screws are the best means of synthesis. Anyway, this surgical treatment has to remain exceptional. PMID- 6627540 TI - [Fracture-avulsions of the patella in children. Apropos of 3 cases]. AB - Three cases of sleeve fractures of the patella are reported. These lesions are epiphyseal fractures. Attention is drawn to the fact that the diagnosis may be missed. Surgical treatment is necessary to attaining and maintaining reduction. The authors focus on that avascular necrosis is important in sleeve fractures and the open reduction increases this risk. PMID- 6627541 TI - [Dislocation of the superior cervical spine in the Larsen syndrome]. AB - The discovery of a dislocation of the upper cervical rachis through corporeal hypoplasia of the C3 ans listhesis of the C2 gives rise, at the age of 18 months, to a stabilization by means of surgery due to the threat of compression myelithis. A review of relevant literature brings to emphasis the ill-knowledge of spinal damage and the wide variety of its different types in cases of the Larsen syndrome. PMID- 6627542 TI - [Unilateral supra-inguinal ectopic scrotum]. AB - We describe a new case with a supra-inguinal ectopic scrotum. Of 12 cases reported in the literature with this anomaly, 8 have had significant ipsilateral upper urinary tract anomalies, whereas non of the reported patients with infra inguinal ectopic scrotum has had renal abnormalities. Our patient presents also a vas deferens agenesis. The pathogenis of this condition remains still imprecise. PMID- 6627543 TI - [The phenomenon of urbanization in tropical countries]. PMID- 6627544 TI - [Diseases transmitted by mosquitoes and urbanization. Examples of urban vectors of dengue and filariasis]. AB - Once located in time and place the beginning of urbanization process, the mechanisms of adaptation to urban ecosystem and of dissemination by human conveyances are studied for two domestic mosquitoes: Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens fatigans (= quinque-fasciatus). Then epidemiological consequences are discussed. Ae. aegypti pullulation constitutes a potential risk of urban yellow fever outbreak and the main factor of dengue haemorrhagic fever appearance; the increase of C. p. fatigans populations involves a slow rise of bancroftian filariasis. Future prospects for these diseases are discussed with regards to data concerning recent evolution of their own epidemiological features. PMID- 6627545 TI - [Urbanism and public health in the tropics]. PMID- 6627546 TI - [Improving living conditions in an urban tropical milieu]. PMID- 6627547 TI - [Diseases arising from contact with animals in an urban tropical milieu]. PMID- 6627548 TI - [Arterial hypertension, serious public health problem in black Africa]. PMID- 6627549 TI - [Small wild mammals and arboviruses in Italy]. AB - In 1980 and 1981, sera of 256 small wild mammals (rodentia, insectivora, carnivora) were collected in Piemonte and Southern Italy. They were then tested for antibody against 12 arboviruses by haemagglutination inhibition and complement fixation tests. In the North of the country, 42.8% of sera were found positive against Tahyna or Sicilian Sandfly fever viruses. In the Southern provinces, 44.3% of sera reacted with Bhanja, West Nile or other flaviviruses, Tahyna, Sicilian Sandfly fever and Arumowot viruses. These results lead to suspect the possible role of some small mammals (muridae, Clethrionomys glareolus, Talpa caeca, Talpa romana) in circulating these arboviruses in Italy. PMID- 6627550 TI - [Peritoneal cryptococcosis: discussion of clinical facts]. AB - The isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans from peritoneal fluid is a rare event. The authors present the case of a patient with a post-hepatitis cirrhosis and from whom C. neoformans was isolated from the ascitic fluid. The pathogenicity, the origin, the portal of entry of the yeast are discussed. PMID- 6627551 TI - [Immuno-electron microscopy study of Toxoplasma gondii. II. Study of IgM antibodies]. AB - This paper deals with an immunoelectron microscopic study of the localization of IgM vector on the membrane of Toxoplasma gondii using the antibody at the early period of infection. The primary antibody was IgM antibody obtained from rabbit's serum 11 days after the infection of Beverley strain of Toxoplasma gondii from which IgG was absorbed by protein A containing staphylococcus. Ferritine-labeled antibody against rabbit's IgM was used as the secondary antibody. The surface of normal tachyzoites is smooth with two layered plasma membrane. The outer layer shows a three-layer structure which is not found in the inner membrane. The inner membrane is discontinuous with partially lost portion at the head of the tachyzoites. Structure within plasma include conoid toxonems, dark staining vacuoles and nucleus. By reacting with the ferritin-labeled antibody, ferritin particles were found on all over the circumference of the tachyzoites depositing on the surface of the outer plasma membrane, but few on the inner plasma membrane and organelles. It implies that IgM receptors are localized on the membrane surface similarly with our preceding report. PMID- 6627552 TI - [Sero-immunologic diagnosis of human African trypanosomiasis: cross reactions of various parasitoses and hyperglobulinemias]. AB - The immunological test: latex agglutination, counter immuno-electrophoresis, ELISA, and immunoperoxydase test, have been applied on the serodiagnosis of african sleeping sickness, and have been compared with each other, with special reference to the cross-reactions in parasitic diseases and hyperglobulinemia. In addition to malaria and leishmaniasis well known interferences, this study gives clear indication of the importance of false positive reactions in active toxoplasma infection. Any how, the serodiagnostic can be worked out from the analysis of responses to various specific antigens, which are always more positive with the homologous antigen. PMID- 6627554 TI - [2 cases of anophthalmos]. PMID- 6627553 TI - [Incident of intestinal parasitosis in Martinique]. AB - A survey of intestinal parasitosis was conducted in Martinique by INSERM in 1978. The survey used a stratified sample of 823 households from the general population. The most prevalent parasitosis are: schistosomiasis 19%; ancylostomiasis 18%; trichuriasis 37%; ascaridiasis 7%; strongiloidiasis 3%. 70% of the 5 to 15 age group carries at least 1 parasite. The prevalence of trichuriasis, ascaridiasis and giardiasis is greatest in the 5 to 15 age group, Ancylostomiasis concerns mostly the 15 to 30 age group. Schistosomiasis, was most prevalent in adults over 30 years of age. Prevalence of parasitosis in rural regions is double that of urbanised regions. Schistosomiasis mostly occurs in the north. Ascaridiasis in the north-east. Rainfall and housing status, each influence on the rates of infestation. PMID- 6627556 TI - [Viscosurgery of implants with methylcellulose 1%]. PMID- 6627555 TI - [Aphakic patients wear it night and day and it is a hard lens]. PMID- 6627557 TI - [Recent data on the biological diagnosis of dry syndromes]. PMID- 6627558 TI - [Tomodensitometry and injuries of the eyeball]. PMID- 6627559 TI - [Visual acuity after 5 years of 160 nondrained retinal detachments]. PMID- 6627560 TI - [Diffuse retinal epitheliopathy]. PMID- 6627561 TI - [Cortisone glaucoma. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6627562 TI - [Objective attempt at an estimation of the long-term efficacy of Timolol (15 months). Study of 73 patients]. PMID- 6627563 TI - [Septic potential of tonometers and triple-mirror glasses]. PMID- 6627565 TI - [Current role of vitrectomy in the treatment of retinal detachment (reflections apropos of clinical cases)]. PMID- 6627564 TI - [Intraocular myiasis]. PMID- 6627567 TI - [A hard lens--night and day for aphakic patients]. PMID- 6627566 TI - [Choroid hemorrhage at 2 different times in Horton's disease]. PMID- 6627568 TI - [Interferon: major therapeutic contribution in ocular herpes]. PMID- 6627569 TI - [HL 02 type oculomotor stimulator. Evaluation after 6 months' use]. PMID- 6627570 TI - [Oculomotor paralysis. Myths and realities. Statistical study of 333 case reports]. PMID- 6627571 TI - [Ophthalmologic anomalies in 2 brothers presenting with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]. PMID- 6627572 TI - [Favorable effect of human spleen interferon on a case of refractory keratoconjunctivitis]. PMID- 6627573 TI - [Complications of intraocular injections of silicone oil]. PMID- 6627574 TI - [Helmets and electrodes for visual evoked potentials]. PMID- 6627575 TI - [Nasal chondromucosal graft in the treatment of entropion trichiasis]. PMID- 6627576 TI - [Explanation of the formation of organic deposits on soft lenses using scanning electron microscopy]. PMID- 6627577 TI - [The different types of ciliary circulation of the retina]. PMID- 6627578 TI - [Chronic idiopathic bilateral annular cilio-choroidal detachment. (Discussion of a case report)]. PMID- 6627579 TI - [Optic atrophy with cupping and acute hypertonia. (Pathogenetic discussion of a case)]. PMID- 6627580 TI - [Epidemiology of retinal detachment in Auvergne. Apropos of 400 cases]. PMID- 6627581 TI - [Attempted treatment of the complications of epithelial invasion using the Krupin Denver valve]. PMID- 6627582 TI - [Retinal detachment surgically treated by cryoapplication and episcleral indentation with biological material. Anatomo-clinical study after 2 years]. PMID- 6627583 TI - [Significant but transient visual recovery after methanol poisoning]. PMID- 6627584 TI - [Clinical experience with the CAM visual stimulator. Apropos of 16 cases]. PMID- 6627585 TI - [Ocular manifestations in myasthenia]. PMID- 6627587 TI - [Senile macular degenerations. Anatomo-pathological aspects]. PMID- 6627586 TI - [Angiofluorographic aspects of senile macular degenerations]. PMID- 6627588 TI - [Clinical forms of senile macular degeneration: ophthalmoscopic, biomicroscopic and functional aspects]. PMID- 6627589 TI - [Prognosis of senile macular disciform degeneration. Apropos of 350 cases]. PMID- 6627590 TI - [Green monochromatic argon laser and diabetes]. PMID- 6627591 TI - [Comparative study of various tests of stereoscopic vision (Wirt, TNO, Frisby) in 67 strabismus patients]. PMID- 6627592 TI - [Tomodensitometric exploration of the pelvis]. PMID- 6627593 TI - [Prominent ears: a simple surgical method of otoplasty using the Kaye and Stenstrom technic]. PMID- 6627594 TI - [Possible correlations of principle parameters in alcoholics: apropos of 100 cases in Luxembourg]. PMID- 6627595 TI - [Diagnosis of toxic adenoma in a cardiology service: limits of thyroid hormone levels]. PMID- 6627596 TI - [Hirsutism: diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 6627597 TI - Comparative studies of the uptake of daunorubicin in sensitive and resistant P388 cell lines by flow cytometry and biochemical extraction procedures. AB - The intracellular accumulation of daunorubicin as determined by flow cytometry correlates well with that as determined by extraction of the drug from cell homogenates. Two P388 mouse leukaemia cell lines showing differential sensitivity to the drug have been used to investigate the transport changes associated with resistance. Resistance to daunorubicin in these cell lines occurs through an alteration in the intracellular accumulation of the drug, resulting from the increased efflux of the anthracycline from the resistant cells. The effect of temperature, drug concentration, pH, and metabolic inhibitors on this process have been investigated. Uptake by a carrier-mediated process of the un-ionised form of the drug (pK = 8.25), coupled with an energy-dependent efflux process, is proposed as the mechanism of cellular accumulation in the case of the resistant cell line. PMID- 6627598 TI - The in vivo cytotoxic activity of procarbazine and procarbazine metabolites against L1210 ascites leukemia cells in CDF1 mice and the effects of pretreatment with procarbazine, phenobarbital, diphenylhydantoin, and methylprednisolone upon in vivo procarbazine activity. AB - An in vivo assay of the activity of procarbazine, N-isopropyl-alpha-(2 methylhydrazino)-p-toluamide hydrochloride, and several metabolic intermediates against IP-implanted L1210 leukemia cells in CDF1 male mice is described. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with procarbazine at doses of 300-500 mg/kg IP increased the mean lifespan of treated mice by 29%-32% relative to that of untreated animals. Procarbazine treatment with doses of 200-400 mg/kg/day given IP for 3 consecutive days increased mean lifespan by 39%-46%. The major circulating metabolite, azoprocarbazine (N-isopropyl-alpha-(2-methylazo)-p toluamide), was as active as procarbazine when administered at equivalent doses for 3 consecutive days. A 2:1 mixture of azoxyprocarbazines (N-isopropyl-alpha-(2 methyl-ONN-azoxy)-: and N-isopropyl-alpha-(2-methyl-NNO-azoxy)-p-toluamide) was more active than procarbazine, increasing mean lifespan by 76% using the 3 consecutive-day dose schedule. The effects of pretreatment with procarbazine and drugs that are often co-administered with procarbazine, i.e., phenobarbital, diphenylhydantoin, and methylprednisolone, upon procarbazine anticancer activity against L1210 ascites leukemia cells was also determined. Pretreatment of CDF1 male mice with phenobarbital and diphenylhydantoin for 7 days was found to increase the antineoplastic activity of procarbazine by 13%-24%. Pretreatment with methylprednisolone did not significantly alter procarbazine activity. The effects of pretreatment with procarbazine, which is often administered daily for a period of 2-4 weeks, on procarbazine antineoplastic activity were varied. The results of these preliminary pretreatment studies combined with the finding that procarbazine metabolites have antitumor activity that is equal to or greater than that of the parent drug suggest that current clinical protocols that use procarbazine along with agents capable of altering procarbazine metabolism may involve drug interactions that alter the efficacy of procarbazine as an anticancer agent. PMID- 6627599 TI - Selective sensitivity of malignant cells to adriamycin. AB - The relationship of Adriamycin sensitivity to oxygen utilization by the cell is unclear. We examined the oxygen uptake and Adriamycin sensitivity of seven human colon carcinoma cell lines under normal aerobic conditions. Adriamycin sensitivity was inversely related to oxygen consumption and lactate dehydrogenase specific activity. PMID- 6627600 TI - Inhibition of human breast cancer colony formation by anticalmodulin agents: trifluoperazine, W-7, and W-13. AB - The effects of anticalmodulin agents, namely trifluoperazine (TFP) and two naphthalene sulfonamide derivatives (W-7 and W-13), were tested on the growth of a human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) using a soft agar clonogenic assay. The results of this in vitro study reveal that TFP, W-7, and W-13 had the ability to inhibit the colony formation from this cell line. The inhibitory effect was greater when the cancer cells were exposed to these agents continuously than when the cells were exposed to the drugs for 1 h. The IC50 values for TFP, W-7, and W 13 in continuous exposure were about 18, 30, and 38 microM, respectively, whereas the corresponding values for 1-h exposure were 50, 53, and 70 microM, respectively. These findings suggest that anticalmodulin agents can inhibit the growth of human cancer cells at relatively low concentrations in vitro. Whether effective antitumor concentrations of these drugs can be achieved in vivo remains a subject for further study. PMID- 6627601 TI - Prevention of adriamycin toxicity. AB - Mice treated with lethal doses of adriamycin (A1) (IP) are rescued with a single IP dose of 3,5,5-trimethyl-2-morpholinon-3-yl radical dimer (TM3). The in vivo rescue is assumed to be analogous to the in vitro reaction of TM3 with A1 that produces the non-toxic 7-deoxy-adriamycinone (7dAone). TM3 prevents death if given within 60 min following A1 administration. Control A1-treated mice died by 8 days (median survival time) whereas TM3 rescued A1-treated mice had a median survival time of greater than 60 days. PMID- 6627602 TI - Delivery of therapeutic doses of doxorubicin to the mouse lung using lung accumulating liposomes proves unsuccessful. AB - Addition of solid doxorubicin or solutions to pre-formed liposomes proved to be the optimal method for incorporating the drug into liposomes whilst maintaining their size distribution and hence ability to accumulate in the lung. Liposomes prepared in this way lost doxorubicin only slowly on dialysis but dilution with an equal volume of saline at 37 degrees C resulted in the loss of 80% of the incorporated doxorubicin within 30 min. These liposomes were thus ineffective in altering doxorubicin disposition in vivo and produced no enhanced activity compared with free drug and a non-lung-accumulating carrier liposome in the EMT6 cell-Balb/c mouse model lung tumour. PMID- 6627603 TI - Glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient after ischemic renal injury in dogs. AB - Micropuncture studies of acute renal failure after ischemic renal injury suggest that glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient may remain normal in the period immediately after ischemia and decline significantly during the following 18-24 hours. The present series of in vitro experiments was designed to evaluate glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient and glomerular oncometric and rheological properties in ischemic acute renal failure in dogs. To obtain glomeruli prior to ischemia, a right nephrectomy was performed and glomeruli were isolated for studies of filtration and cell and extracellular spaces. The left renal pedicle then was occluded for 90 minutes; glomeruli isolated from biopsies of this kidney were studied at intervals up to 48 hours after ischemia. Glomeruli were isolated by sieving renal cortical fragments, and filtration was induced by an oncotic gradient. The glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient remained near control levels for the first hour after ischemia, but declined significantly at 24 and 48 hours. Specifically, glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient of glomeruli isolated from normal kidneys was 16.5 +/- 0.9 nl/min per mm Hg (n = 15). Immediately following ischemia, glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient remained essentially unchanged (15.9 +/- 1.1 nl/min per mm Hg, n = 4). At 1 hour, there was a small decrease in glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient (14.4 +/- 1.3 nl/min per mm Hg, n = 4). At 24 hours, glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient was significantly decreased (9.8 +/- 0.5 nl/min per mm Hg, n = 9, P less than 0.01) and remained at that level at 48 hours (9.5 +/- 0.5 nl/min per mm Hg, n = 8, P less than 0.001). In experimental glomeruli, the oncometric response was diminished and erythrocyte movement along glomerular capillaries was impaired. Total water and inulin spaces were measured in glomeruli from control and 48-hour postischemic periods, and glomerular morphology was studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy at the same time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6627604 TI - The effect of intracellular oxygen concentration on lactate release, pyridine nucleotide reduction, and respiration rate in the rat cardiac tissue. AB - By measuring the absorbance change due to myoglobin oxygenation in hemoglobin free isolated perfused rat hearts, we analyzed effects of perfusion pressure and heart rate upon the intracellular oxygen concentration. With Langendorff perfusion, the cardiac tissue was kept normoxic (above 50 microM O2) at aortic pressure above 50 cm H2O, but became hypoxic (8 microM O2) at 30 cm H2O. The increase in cardiac work, expressed as the product of peak systolic pressure and heart rate, increased oxygen consumption at aortic pressure of 50-200 cm H2O. The heart was kept normoxic under these conditions. Lactate release, oxygen consumption, and the oxidation-reduction state of pyridine nucleotide were measured as a function of myoglobin oxygenation under various normoxic and anoxic conditions. Pyridine nucleotide fluorescence and lactate release started to increase as the intracellular oxygen concentration decreased to 6 and 10 microM, respectively. Oxygen consumption was kept constant until the oxygen concentration decreased to 10 microM and slowed down below it. A close relationship between oxygen consumption and lactate release was observed. Infusions of epinephrine and norepinephrine under normoxic perfusion conditions increased cardiac work, oxygen consumption, and lactate release. More than 50% of myoglobin was then deoxygenated even under normoxic perfusion conditions. The increase in lactate release was ascribable to the increase in glycolytic flux caused by hypoxia. The change of pyridine nucleotide fluorescence by epinephrine was also explained by hypoxia in cardiac tissue. PMID- 6627605 TI - Vibratory ventilation decreases filtration of fluid in the lungs of newborn lambs. AB - To compare effects of vibratory and mechanical ventilation on fluid balance in the newborn lung, we measured pulmonary arterial and left atrial pressures, pleural and airway pressures, lung blood flow and lymph flow, and concentrations of protein in lymph and plasma of 19 healthy lambs, 2-4 weeks old, during a 2- to 4-hour period of spontaneous breathing, followed by 4-8 hours of mechanical ventilation at 30 breaths/min and 4-8 hours of vibratory ventilation, in which the lambs received 1650 whiffs of air/min. In 8 of 22 studies, we increased lung microvascular pressure by filling a balloon catheter in the left atrium with saline. There was no significant difference in mean airway pressure during the two types of ventilation. Despite higher lung vascular pressures, lymph flow was less and lymph protein concentration was greater during vibratory than during mechanical ventilation. These findings are consistent with reduced lung fluid filtration, possibly from reduced pulmonary blood flow and increased perimicrovascular pressure, during vibratory ventilation. In eight lambs killed after 8 hours of vibratory ventilation, extravascular lung water was normal and microscopy showed no edema. We conclude that vibratory ventilation has no adverse effect on lung fluid balance and may benefit lambs by decreasing net filtration of fluid into their lungs. PMID- 6627606 TI - Age-associated alterations in viscoelastic properties of canine aortic strips. AB - Many studies have delineated the changes in the elastic properties of arterial tissue as a function of age. Despite the fact that viscoelasticity is a prominent feature of these tissues, there is little information or characterization of age associated changes in viscoelastic properties, over a wide range of smooth muscle activation, particularly in nonhuman tissue where atherosclerosis is not a confounding factor. In the present study, using small sinusoidal length perturbations, we determined the dynamic stiffness properties across a wide range of lengths (stretch ratios from 100 to 135%) and frequencies (from 0.25 to 35 Hz) in strips excised from ascending and descending aortas from six young (2 to 4 year-old) and 12 senescent (10- to 13-year-old) beagles. Studies were performed with the smooth muscle fully activated with calcium and norepinephrine, as well as fully inactivated with cyanide, iodoacetate, and dinitrophenol. There was a cubic nonlinear dependence of stiffness modulus on length only in senescent tissue and, surprisingly, little frequency dependence in tissue of either age. Compared to the young aortas, the three-dimensional surface representing the dependence of stiffness modulus on length and frequency from both the ascending and descending regions of aged aortas was displaced higher on the stiffness axis both with the muscle fully activated and inactivated. This age difference was accentuated at longer lengths. The phase lag between force and length was greater in the young vs. the old strips only in the activated, ascending aortic tissue. We found no age differences in the content of elastin, collagen, or in the collagen/elastin ratio, to account for these mechanical property differences.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6627607 TI - Evidence that serotonin receptors mediate the cutaneous vasoconstriction produced by 5-hydroxytryptamine in canine forelimbs. AB - The effects of local intra-arterial infusions of serotonin (5 or 25 micrograms base/min) or norepinephrine (1 or 5 micrograms base/min) on cutaneous (skin) and skeletal muscle vasculatures were investigated in canine forelimbs perfused at constant flow in dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital. Norepinephrine produced dose-related constriction of the skin and skeletal muscle vasculatures. In the cutaneous vascular circuit, norepinephrine produced large artery, small vessel, and large vein constriction. The increase in cutaneous vascular resistance was primarily due to an increase in small vessel resistance. Serotonin did not increase skeletal muscle vascular resistance but produced marked cutaneous vasoconstriction subsequent to large artery and large vein constriction. The small vessels, if anything, tended to dilate. The skin and skeletal muscle vascular responses to serotonin and norepinephrine were similar in innervated and acutely denervated forelimbs. Phentolamine pretreatment completely blocked all vascular actions of norepinephrine, and largely inhibited the cutaneous vasoconstriction produced by the infusion of the low dose of serotonin. However, the cutaneous large artery and large vein constriction produced by the infusion of the high dose of serotonin was not affected by phentolamine pretreatment. Cyproheptadine pretreatment blocked or largely inhibited the cutaneous vasoconstriction produced by serotonin only in doses which also inhibited norepinephrine and vasopressin cutaneous vasoconstriction. Pretreatment with methysergide blocked or largely inhibited the cutaneous large artery and large vein constriction produced by infusions of serotonin. Norepinephrine and vasopressin produced significant vasoconstriction in the presence of methysergide. These data suggest that the cutaneous large artery and large vein constriction produced by serotonin is not due to the activation of postjunctional alpha-adrenergic receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6627608 TI - Vascular smooth muscle cell hypertrophy and hyperploidy in the Goldblatt hypertensive rat. AB - Our major objective in this study was to examine the hypothesis that the aortic smooth muscle cell hypertrophy and hyperploidy observed in previous studies of spontaneously hypertensive rats is not peculiar to that model, but also occurs in Sprague-Dawley rats made hypertensive by a Goldblatt procedure (two-kidney, one clip model). Flow microfluorometric and microdensitometric analysis of smooth muscle cell DNA content showed a significant increase in the frequency of tetraploid smooth muscle cells from 5.6 +/- 0.9% in controls to 14.6 +/- 1.94% in hypertensives 1 month after Goldblatt surgery. Neither differences in ploidy nor elevation in blood pressure were apparent 2 weeks after surgery. The frequency of polyploid smooth muscle cells increased with age, duration of hypertension, and level of blood pressure. Analysis of the interrelationship between smooth muscle cell ploidy and hypertrophy in 5-month post-surgery Goldblatts by cytospectrophotometric measurements of the protein and DNA content of individual smooth muscle cells showed that tetraploid and octaploid cells from Goldblatt rats had 64% and 129% greater protein mass, respectively, than diploid cells. In addition, the mean protein mass of smooth muscle cells from Goldblatts was approximately 100% greater than that of normotensive controls, with each of the ploidy classes in Goldblatts having a higher frequency and mass than the corresponding cells in controls. Estimates of cell number per centimeter aortic length, based on measurements of average DNA/cell and total aortic medial DNA, showed no difference between hypertensives and controls. Furthermore, the rate of accumulation of polyploid cells could account for the increased frequency of cells undergoing DNA synthesis as measured by [3H]thymidine autoradiography. Thus, smooth muscle cell hypertrophy, not hyperplasia, was responsible for the increased mass of smooth muscle in aortas of Goldblatt hypertensive rats compared with normotensive controls, and this smooth muscle cell hypertrophy was accompanied by an increase in DNA ploidy. PMID- 6627609 TI - Carotid bifurcation atherosclerosis. Quantitative correlation of plaque localization with flow velocity profiles and wall shear stress. AB - The distribution of nonstenosing, asymptomatic intimal plaques in 12 adult human carotid bifurcations obtained at autopsy was compared with the distribution of flow streamline patterns, flow velocity profiles, and shear stresses in corresponding scale models. The postmortem specimens were fixed while distended to restore normal in vivo length, diameter, and configuration. Angiograms were used to measure branch angles and diameters, and transverse histological sections were studied at five standard sampling levels. Intimal thickness was determined at 15 degrees intervals around the circumference of the vessel sections from contour tracings of images projected onto a digitizing plate. In the models, laser-Doppler anemometry was used to determine flow velocity profiles and shear stresses at levels corresponding to the standard specimen sampling sites under conditions of steady flow at Reynolds numbers of 400, 800, and 1200, and flow patterns were visualized by hydrogen bubble and dye-washout techniques. Intimal thickening was greatest and consistently eccentric in the carotid sinus. With the center of the flow divider as the 0 degree index point, mid-sinus sections showed minimum intimal thickness (0.05 +/- 0.02 mm) within 15 degrees of the index point, while maximum thickness (0.9 +/- 0.1 mm) occurred at 161 +/- 16 degrees, i.e., on the outer wall opposite the flow divider. Where the intima was thinnest, along the inner wall, flow streamlines in the model remain axially aligned and unidirectional, with velocity maxima shifted toward the flow divider apex. Wall shear stress along the inner wall ranged from 31 to 600 dynes/cm2 depending on the Reynolds number. Where the intima was thickest, along the outer wall opposite the flow divider apex, the pattern of flow was complex and included a region of separation and reversal of axial flow as well as the development of counter rotating helical trajectories. Wall shear stress along the outer wall ranged from 0 to -6 dynes/cm2. Intimal thickening at the common carotid and distal internal carotid levels of section was minimal and was distributed uniformly about the circumference. We conclude that in the human carotid bifurcation, regions of moderate to high shear stress, where flow remains unidirectional and axially aligned, are relatively spared of intimal thickening. Intimal thickening and atherosclerosis develop largely in regions of relatively low wall shear stress, flow separation, and departure from axially aligned, unidirectional flow. Similar quantitative evaluations of other atherosclerosis-prone locations and corresponding flow profile studies in geometrically accurate models may reveal which of these hemodynamic conditions are most consistently associated with the development of intimal disease. PMID- 6627610 TI - The oxygen sensitivity of hamster cheek pouch arterioles. In vitro and in situ studies. AB - We tested the hypothesis that a parenchymally derived mediator is required for arterioles to exhibit oxygen sensitivity. To that end, the parenchyma was dissected and removed from around hamster cheek pouch arterioles, and the oxygen sensitivity of these "aparenchymal arteriolar segments" was studied, either in vitro, after cannulation, or in situ. Arteriolar segments in situ with and without parenchyma had similar oxygen sensitivities (20% constriction as Po2 increased from 15 to 150 mm Hg). Arteriolar occlusion, which eliminated blood flow in the in situ aparenchymal segments, did not eliminate their oxygen sensitivity. The oxygen-induced constriction in the occluded aparenchymal segments was blunted but not eliminated by covering the segments with glass plates to prevent changes in Po2 from occurring around these vessels. We hypothesized that propagation of a portion of the oxygen response might explain the persistent response in the covered and occluded arteriolar segments. Oxygen sensitivity could be shown in only 32% of the in vitro cannulated arterioles (16% mean constriction as Po2 increased from 20 to 150 mm Hg). In contrast, 75% of aparenchymal arterioles were sensitive to changes in Po2 in situ. These data led us to reject the hypothesis that a parenchymally derived mediator is absolutely required for arterioles to exhibit oxygen sensitivity. We infer that the oxygen sensitivity of hamster cheek pouch arterioles results partially or totally from the local action of oxygen on some component of the arteriolar wall or blood, that a portion of the oxygen response may be the result of a propagated phenomenon, and that the oxygen-sensitive component is fragile and is easily lost in preparation for in vitro measurements or in cannulation. It is emphasized that the O2 sensor need not reside in vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 6627611 TI - Propagation through electrically coupled cells. Effects of regional changes in membrane properties. AB - The normal process of excitation of the heart involves propagation of action potentials through cardiac regions of different anatomy and different intrinsic membrane properties. Although our understanding of these properties is still incomplete, it is well accepted that the parameters measured from a single cell penetration in an electrical syncytium (e.g., action potential duration, rate of rise, and velocity) reflect not only the properties of that cell but also the electrotonic interactions with other cells to which the recorded cell is electrically coupled. We have used simulation techniques to predict the spatial distribution of action potential parameters resulting from discretely localized alterations in the intrinsic membrane properties of some of the cells of an electrical syncytium. We have shown that the resulting spatial distribution is markedly different for alterations in plateau and pacemaker currents vs. rising phase currents, and that other factors, such as the site of stimulation and the underlying spatial pattern of cell-cell coupling resistance, also modify the spatial distribution of action potential properties resulting from a discrete regional change in intrinsic membrane properties. PMID- 6627612 TI - Isolation and characterization of single canine cardiac purkinje cells. AB - Single cardiac Purkinje cells should permit improved control of membrane potential during voltage clamp studies. We have developed a method for isolation of single canine Purkinje cells and studied their basic electrophysiological properties using conventional single and double microelectrode techniques. The single Purkinje cells appeared free of connective tissue, had regular striations, excluded trypan blue vital stain, and remained quiescent in solutions containing 1.8 mM calcium. Electrophysiological studies at 22 degrees C showed normal resting membrane potentials, and action potentials could be elicited by extracellular or intracellular stimulation. Plot of the upstroke velocity of the action potential (Vmax) vs. the holding potential showed a sigmoid curve with the peak mean Vmax of 167 V/sec, and voltage corresponding to half-maximal Vmax was about -70 mV. Plot of the overshoot of the action potential vs. the holding potential was similar, with maximal values of about +30 mV. The mean membrane input resistance was 21 M omega and the mean membrane capacitance was 360 pF. These experiments demonstrate that single Purkinje cells have electrical properties similar to intact Purkinje fibers and that they should be useful for more detailed electrophysiological experiments. PMID- 6627613 TI - Vagal afferent inhibition of spinothalamic cell responses to sympathetic afferents and bradykinin in the monkey. AB - Effects of stimulating the left thoracic vagus nerve on the responses of spinothalamic neurons to electrical stimulation of cardiopulmonary sympathetic afferent fibers and to intracardiac injections of bradykinin were determined. Experiments were performed on 39 monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) tranquilized with ketamine and anesthetized with alpha-chloralose. The 30 spinothalamic cells studied had the following characteristics. They were excited by manipulation of their somatic receptive fields, were excited by electrical stimulation of cardiopulmonary sympathetic afferent fibers, and exhibited viscerosomatic convergence. Responses of 15 of 19 cells to sympathetic afferent test stimuli were inhibited by conditioning stimuli applied to left thoracic vagus nerve. A conditioning-test interval of 40-50 msec resulted in maximal inhibition of responses to both A delta and C fiber sympathetic afferents. A long time course of inhibition was present to at least a conditioning-test interval of 200 msec. Left thoracic vagus nerve stimulation inhibited 14 of 14 cells responding to intracardiac injection of bradykinin. Entrainment of activity of five cells to the cardiac cycle occurred in response to bradykinin. In each case, left thoracic vagus nerve stimulation, in addition to reducing frequency of cell discharge, disrupted the cardiac related pattern of cell activity. Bilateral cervical vagotomy abolished all inhibitory effects of left thoracic vagus nerve stimulation. These results demonstrate that vagal afferents may participate in processing of information related to cardiac pain. PMID- 6627614 TI - Transcapillary water and protein flux in the canine intestine with acute and chronic extrahepatic portal hypertension. AB - Intestinal transcapillary water and total protein flux were determined in dogs with chronic extrahepatic portal hypertension after construction of an aortic portal shunt combined with hilar portal vein constriction and compared to acute portal vein constriction. Measurements were made of thoracic duct lymph flow, portal venous pressure, and total protein concentration in plasma, thoracic duct lymph, intestinal and liver lymph. From these data and calculations based on the dual visceral origin of thoracic duct lymph from liver and intestine, intestinal transcapillary water flux in chronic extrahepatic portal hypertension (portal venous pressure = 21.4 +/- 2 mm Hg; mean +/- SEM), increased 5-fold (93 +/- 12 from 17 +/- 4 microliters/min/kg, P less than 0.001), while intestinal total protein flux expressed as protein clearance (intestinal transcapillary water flux X intestinal lymph/plasma total protein concentration) was unchanged (13 +/- 3 from 10 +/- 2 microliters/min per kg; P greater than 0.4), a finding supported by unaltered whole body plasma albumin "leak rate" (83 +/- 16 from 80 +/- 2 microliters/min per kg; P greater than 0.9). In acute portal vein constriction (portal venous pressure = 26 +/- 1 mm Hg) intestinal transcapillary water flux was similarly increased (58 +/- 16 from 9 +/- 2; P less than 0.014) but intestinal total protein flux was increased 3-fold (16 +/- 4 from 5 +/- 2; P less than 0.032). Calculated permeability surface area product and protein reflection coefficient (cross-point method) increased similarly in both preparations. In accord with earlier findings in patients with hepatic cirrhosis, chronic elevation in portal pressure increased intestinal transcapillary water flux but not total protein flux. PMID- 6627615 TI - Resting and exercise renal blood flows in immature ovine aortic coarctation. Impact of gradient relief. AB - The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether a neonatally induced thoracic aortic coarctation reduces renal blood flow during physiological stress (treadmill exercise), and whether relief of the gradient returned renal blood flow during exercise to normal. Two ancillary questions were also addressed: dose a coarctation after the responses of enteric and other visceral vascular beds to treadmill exercise? Eight newborn lambs that underwent sham thoracotomy with placement of left atrial lines served as controls; in seven lambs we also created a recently described form of dilatable juxtaductal coarctation. This preparation is unique in that, like human coarctation, the obstruction does not get worse as the animal grows. Rest and exercise vascular pressures and regional blood flows were determined 2-2 1/2 months after surgery. Coarctations were relieved with balloon dilation angioplasty catheters, inserted percutaneously. Postdilation rest and exercise hemodynamic studies were performed, at the same level of exercise, 24 hours after dilation. Renal blood flow did not change with exercise in the control animals. In lambs with coarctation, renal blood flow fell (-22%, P less than 0.01) during exercise. Unexpectedly, an exercise-induced fall in renal blood flow (-22%, P less than 0.001) persisted even after effective relief of the coarctation (descending aortic blood pressure fell 25% with exercise predilation, but remained unchanged with exercise postdilation). Blood flow to the terminal ileum and cecum followed a qualitatively similar pattern to that of renal blood flow in control, predilation, and postdilation lambs, and this pattern was distinct from that of other enteric and visceral organ flows. These results demonstrate an expected abnormality in the regulation of exercise renal blood flow in lambs with coarctation of the aorta; however, the persistence of this abnormality after effective gradient relief does not support the previously advanced theory that postcoarctation hypertension is largely nonrenal in origin. The apparent similarity between ileocecal and renal blood flow control under these circumstances may provide a clue to the known predilection of the terminal ileum to suffer ischemic injury. PMID- 6627616 TI - Normothermic ischemic cardiac arrest of the isolated working rat heart. Effects of time and reperfusion on myocardial ultrastructure, mitochondrial oxidative function, and mechanical recovery. AB - The ischemic state of the myocardium of the isolated working rat heart after induction of normothermic ischemic cardiac arrest was assessed by the interrelationship among changes in myocardial ultrastructure, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and tissue high energy phosphate contents. At all time intervals (10-40 minutes) studied, the ultrastructural changes were more severe in the subendocardium than in the subepicardium. After 25-40 minutes of normothermic ischemic cardiac arrest, the mitochondrial oxygen uptake (state 3) became increasingly depressed, particularly in mitochondria isolated from the subendocardium. Mitochondrial oxidative function, as measured in vitro, did not correlate well with mitochondrial ultrastructural damage. In addition, the effects of coronary reperfusion on the ability of the ischemic heart to recover in terms of ultrastructure, mechanical, and metabolic function were evaluated. Hearts subjected to 10-40 minutes of normothermic ischemic cardiac arrest showed almost complete ultrastructural recovery of the subepicardium upon reperfusion; regression of ultrastructural changes occurred to a lesser extent in the subendocardium. Reperfusion for 30 minutes did not alleviate the depression in mitochondrial oxidative function, while tissue ATP levels did not return to control, preischemic levels. After 20 minutes of normothermic ischemic cardiac arrest, the mechanical performance of the working heart during reperfusion was significantly depressed, compared with pre-ischemic control values. Normal ultrastructure of the subendocardium always accompanied mechanical recovery, while improvement of mitochondrial oxidative function was not essential. PMID- 6627617 TI - Cardiac and pulmonary norepinephrine release and removal in the dog. AB - Norepinephrine extraction and spillover rates were determined in the heart and lungs of anesthetized dogs under resting conditions, during sympathetic stimulation, and during epicardial pacing. The fractional extraction of norepinephrine across the coronary and pulmonary vascular beds was measured from the venoarterial difference in tritiated norepinephrine after infusion of a tracer dose to a steady state level. Cardiac extraction averaged 0.299 +/- 0.03 and pulmonary extraction averaged 0.215 +/- 0.014; extraction was unaffected by sympathetic stimulation or pacing. Norepinephrine spillover from sympathetic nerve terminals in the heart and lungs was measured from the venoarterial difference in endogenous norepinephrine and plasma flow after correction for the extraction component. Cardiac norepinephrine spillover increased linearly with increasing frequency of sympathetic stimulation to 7.44 times resting levels at 2 Hz. During pacing, there was no change in cardiac norepinephrine spillover despite marked changes in heart rate. Norepinephrine spillover was demonstrated under resting conditions in the lung and was greater than observed in the heart. Pulmonary norepinephrine spillover increased with sympathetic stimulation to 4.15 times resting levels at 2 Hz. It is possible to separate the contributions of norepinephrine extraction and spillover to measured venoarterial differences of norepinephrine under physiological conditions in the dog. PMID- 6627618 TI - Long-term falls in antibodies to dust mite and pollen allergens in patients with asthma or hay fever. AB - 'Spontaneous' improvement in, or alteration of, allergic symptoms is a common occurrence, and the immunological basis is of interest in attempts to develop effective specific therapy. In the present study we measured levels of serum antibodies to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in patients diagnosed as having house-dust-allergic asthma up to 40 years previously. The results show a progressive fall in both IgG and IgE antibodies to antigen P1 and RAST binding to crude D. pteronyssinus extract. By contrast changes in total serum IgE were not marked. Within each of the groups of patients diagnosed 20, 30 and 40 years previously, 70% no longer suffered severe symptoms. However, the absence of detectable IgE antibody in serum was neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for loss of symptoms. A group of patients who had spontaneously recovered from hay fever had significantly lower IgG and IgE antibody for the major grass pollen allergen Rye I and also lower total IgE than current hay fever sufferers. In neither hay fever nor asthma was there evidence to link spontaneous improvement in symptoms with an increase in IgG antibodies. PMID- 6627620 TI - Allergy to inhaled egg material. AB - The use of a spray system to coat meat rolls with egg solution resulted in the development of asthmatic type symptoms in eight of thirteen workers exposed to the spray. Symptoms were severe in five workers, less severe in two, and one worker experienced vague symptoms. Even though precipitins were present in nine of the workers there were no pyrexial episodes nor influenza-like symptoms occurring some hours after inhaling the egg material to suggest extrinsic allergic alveolitis. All sera with precipitins reacted against an antigen in egg yolk, two sera only to this antigen but no precipitins to ovalbumin were detected. Lung function, X-ray and haematology provided no evidence that the inhalation of egg had lasting detrimental effects. There was no correlation between clinical response, skin testing, IgE levels and precipitins, hence, for each individual none of these parameters is predictive. However, collectively the results show sensitization and this has been confirmed by lack of symptoms when a different method of coating the pastry was adopted. PMID- 6627619 TI - Immunological studies in asthmatic children undergoing antigen provocation in the skin, lung and nose. AB - In children with perennial asthma, dual (immediate and late) reactions in the skin to D. pteronyssinus and Timothy grass pollen were more frequent with high doses of antigen and were associated with large immediate reactions. The frequency of dual bronchial or nasal reactions was not related to the size of the immediate reaction and dual reactions were commonly elicited to the lowest antigen dose which would elicit an immediate reaction. Serum IgG, IgA, IgM or IgE concentrations, IgE or IgG antibodies to the antigens and defective yeast opsonization did not differ in children with dual or immediate only reactions in skin, nose or lung. In five patients undergoing bronchial provocation tests with D. pteronyssinus there was no fever, no fine crepitations in the lungs and no significant change in the levels of C3. PMID- 6627621 TI - Prevalence and diagnosis of laboratory animal allergy. AB - A survey of the prevalence of laboratory animal allergy to rats, mice, guinea pigs and rabbits among sixty-nine animal workers and 308 other subjects on a pharmaceutical research site revealed a 22% prevalence of laboratory animal allergy among the animal workers. The overall prevalence of atopy was 67% in persons with allergy to laboratory animals. This was significantly greater than the 31% prevalence in other animal workers. Skin-prick tests and specific IgG and IgE assays to urinary protein extracts strongly correlated with the occurrence of laboratory-animal allergy and would appear to have diagnostic value. However, a number of clinically diagnosed laboratory-animal-allergy subjects gave no evidence of immunological response to the urinary allergens and wider diagnoses may have to be applied in these cases. PMID- 6627623 TI - A comparison of the multi-test with the prick test and multi-test 2. AB - Allergy skin testing of infants and small children continues to be time-consuming and nerve-wracking. We hoped to have found the solution to these problems by using the multi-test (MT). The latter consists of an applicator with 8 heads, each head consisting of nine plastic needles on which the allergen solution rests. Thus eight allergens can be tested simultaneously. During routine control skin testing we compared MT with our usual method, the prick test (PT), amongst twenty patients. Twenty-seven per cent of the skin reactions differed by more than 1+. When we compared PT results with the previous PT, the correlation of 16% was better despite several years interval between tests, different persons carrying out the tests, and hyposensitization of patients. We adapted the MT system and produced a model, multi-test 2 (MT-2), which consists of eight sterile disposable needles on a stainless steel base. When we compared the MT-2 with PT, only 6% differed by more than 1+. Thus the MT-2 proves to be a useful alternative to the PT for those children, in whom the PT is too difficult to carry out. PMID- 6627622 TI - Precipitins to inhaled avian antigens: results of an inter-laboratory study. AB - Precipitins against avian antigens in sera from patients with extrinsic allergic alveolitis, asymptomatic pigeon and chicken breeders and from control individuals were tested with different antigen extracts in six laboratories by a variety of different methods. Eighty percent of the results coincided in identifying the positive sera from patients and 90% in identifying the controls. It seems possible therefore to exchange results among experienced laboratories with fair confidence. PMID- 6627624 TI - Experience with an elimination diet in children with atopic dermatitis. AB - In order to define possible food-provoking factors, we placed twenty-nine children with chronic atopic dermatitis on an elimination diet. The children remained on their normal diet for 2 weeks followed by 2 weeks on the elimination diet. Foods were then re-introduced at the rate of a new one every 2 days in an attempt to identify foods exacerbating eczema. Thirteen children (45%) completed the elimination diet and seven of these were improved on parental assessment of sleeplessness, itchiness and area of eczema. Five were improved on the dermatologist's assessment. Only two children were able to identify foods provoking their eczema. Sixteen children (55%) failed to complete the elimination diet. Eight felt it was too strict, while eight did not return for follow-up. From our experience, dietary manipulation in older children with chronic atopic dermatitis offers only limited long-term therapeutic gains. PMID- 6627625 TI - Recurrent idiopathic angioedema in the presence of increased capillary fragility: an unusual case presentation. AB - A case of petechiae formation associated with recurrent idiopathic angioedema is presented. The mechanism for the petechial formation appears to be related to the underlying presence of increased capillary fragility in association with elevated venous pressure caused by angioedema. The persistence of the increased capillary fragility during the long, symptom-free intervals between acute episodes of angioedema suggests that the capillary fragility is unrelated to the pathologic process responsible for the angioedema. PMID- 6627626 TI - Anaphylaxis following treatment with a corticosteroid report of one case. PMID- 6627627 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to human plasma low-density lipoproteins. I. Enhanced binding of 125I-labeled low-density lipoproteins by combined use of two monoclonal antibodies. AB - Four monoclonal antibodies (IgG2b) to human plasma low-density lipoproteins (LDL) have been characterized. The binding affinities of each monoclonal antibody to 125I-labeled LDL were moderately high, ranging from 10(8) to 10(10) L/mol at 4 degrees C, but were reduced by at least 50-70% at 37 degrees C. The maximum binding of each monoclonal antibody was unique, ranging from 20 to 95% of total 125I-labeled LDL, suggesting that LDL particles were immunochemically heterogeneous. One antibody, LP-34, had both high and low binding affinities to LDL. Another, LP-47, exhibited high affinity for isolated LDL, yet reacted poorly with native LDL in plasma, indicating that the conformation of isolated LDL differs from that of native LDL in plasma. Unlike polyclonal serum antibodies, a mixture of four monoclonal antibodies failed to precipitate LDL, but did show a drastic increase in binding to LDL. We found that only two of our monoclonal antibodies were necessary for such synergistic enhancement. We propose that one of the monoclonal antibodies may serve as a catalytic reagent, and discuss the clinical significance of this finding. PMID- 6627629 TI - Evaluation of accuracy of 20 different test kits for the enzymic determination of cholesterol. AB - We evaluated the accuracy of 20 different test kits for the enzymic determination of cholesterol. Using a selected set of standards, we found mean values differing by -9.9 to + 10.7% from values obtained by the Abell-Kendall procedure. Nine kits gave values with a relative bias of less than 2.5%. In the case of the other 11 kits, recalculation with secondary serum standards resulted in values within 5% of the reference values. Depending on the kit used, two different commercially available standard solutions produced results differing by, at most, 8.7%. We obtained indirect evidence that use of esterase of bacterial origin is associated with low values. We ascribe the high values obtained with some kits to positive interference by stabilizers or unspecified compounds in the reagents. PMID- 6627628 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to human plasma low-density lipoproteins. II. Evaluation for use in radioimmunoassay for apolipoprotein B in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - We describe the importance of the low-density lipoproteins (LDL) used in preparing radioimmunoassay standard curves and the clinical application of monoclonal antibodies to LDL. LDL isolated from five normal men produced five parallel displacement curves with conventional mouse antiserum but there was a significant difference of immunoreactivity among the LDL. None of our four monoclonal antibodies could eliminate the heterogeneous immunoreactivity of different LDL. Thus, the determination of plasma apolipoprotein (apo) B will vary depending on the selection of LDL standards, and the comparison of absolute apo B values between laboratories will be of questionable value unless they use the same LDL standard. Nonetheless, in a radioimmunoassay our monoclonal antibody, LP 22, detected a more significant (p less than 0.0001) increase of plasma apo B in patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease than did conventional antiserum (p less than 0.001). In addition, the overlap of apo B concentrations for patients with and without disease was less when monoclonal antibody LP-22 was used. We conclude that patients with coronary artery disease have a significant increase in the form of plasma apo B that is specifically recognized by LP-22 monoclonal antibody. Perhaps monoclonal antibodies will be able to sort out the various components of apo B, delineate their possible atherogenic roles, and offer us a predictive value for diagnosing such patients. PMID- 6627630 TI - Separation of bound and free ligand by ethacridine (Rivanol) in thyroxin radioimmunoassay. AB - In this simple and low-cost radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedure for thyroxin (T4), ethacridine (6,9-diamino-2-ethoxyacridine lactate; Rivanol) is used to separate antibody-bound ligand and free ligand. This acridine dye precipitates free T4 not bound to antibody. At pH 8.6, it precipitates more than 90% of 125I-labeled T4. Precipitation is rapid and is constant over the concentration range of 1 to 3 g of ethacridine per liter; time of addition and temperature are not critical. The inherent yellow color of the dye gives it the advantage of a color-coded reagent. Analysis of 65 serum samples by the proposed method and by a procedure involving polyethylene glycol gave similar results: correlation coefficient, 0.988; slope, 0.981; y-intercept, -1.42. Within- and between-assay variations (CV) were less than 5 and 6%, respectively. PMID- 6627631 TI - Spectrophotometric method for selective assay of the five isoenzymes of human lactate dehydrogenase, based on their different stabilities at alkaline pH. AB - After preincubation of human lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) isoenzymes 1 through 5 with lactate at pH 9.4, 9.8, 10.25, and 10.6 at 30 degrees C for 10 min, the reduction of NAD+ was measured at the same pH values and temperature during the interval 1-2 min after adding the coenzyme. Relative to the reference activities measured at pH 8.7 by the method of Buhl et al. (Clin Chem 23: 1289 1295, 1977), the respective activities of isoenzymes 1 through 5 thus measured were 111, 104, 96, 68, and 0% at pH 9.4; 123, 108, 88, 0, and 0% at pH 9.8; 140, 100, 0, 0, and 0% at pH 10.25; and 138, 0, 0, 0, and 0% at pH 10.6. These relations allow selective assay of the respective isoenzymes in samples containing mixtures of them. Optimal conditions for such selective assay at 37 degrees C are reported. PMID- 6627632 TI - (3-sn-Phosphatidyl)cholines (lecithins) in amniotic fluid. AB - Many currently used thin-layer chromatographic methods for phospholipid assay rely on charring the developed plate in the presence of cupric acetate. Saturated acyl phospholipids do not react. We find that substitution of cupric sulfate results in detection of both saturated and unsaturated phospholipids. By exploiting the difference with the two reagents, one can separately estimate the amounts of saturated phospholipid. The method described here is reproducible, and we illustrate its use in determinations of (3-sn-phosphatidyl)cholines (lecithins) in amniotic fluid from problem pregnancies. PMID- 6627633 TI - A radioisotopic method for fructose-1-phosphate aldolase assay that facilitates diagnosis of hereditary fructose intolerance. AB - A sensitive new method in which D-[U-14C]fructose-1-phosphate is used for fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (EC 2.1.2.13) assay is described. The radioactive fructose-1-phosphate compound was prepared from [U-14C]fructose by use of partly purified fructokinase (EC 2.7.1.4). With this method we measured normal values for aldolase in human liver (2.4-10.0 nmol/min per mg of protein), kidney (3.6 3.8), and intestine (4.2-10.0) as well as Km values for fructose-1-phosphate (approximately 1.0-2.2 mmol/L). In patients with hereditary fructose intolerance the aldolase activity in liver and intestine was less than 10% of normal values. The Lineweaver-Burk plots for data from patients with hereditary fructose intolerance were hyperbolic, indicating a structural alteration in the enzyme. PMID- 6627634 TI - Effect of short-term storage conditions on alcohol concentrations in blood from living human subjects. AB - We examined the effects of time, temperature, and a preservative (sodium fluoride) on ethanol concentrations in stored samples of whole blood from living human subjects. We measured the ethanol in the first, second, seventh, and 14th day of storage, by gas chromatography. Samples were stored at 0-3 degrees C and at 22-29 degrees C, with and without preservative. None of these showed significant gains or losses in concentration. The average differences between ethanol as measured on the day of collection and after storage were all within the range of experimental error of the method (+/- 5%). PMID- 6627635 TI - Evaluation of a radioimmunoassay for estradiol in unextracted serum. AB - We describe the performance of a commercial (Steranti/EIR) RIA reagent kit for measuring 17 beta-estradiol directly in serum. Day-to-day precision data for control sera were as follows: mean = 102.8 ng/L, CV = 6.8%, n = 20; mean = 231.1 ng/L, CV = 5.3%, n = 21; mean = 747.7 ng/L, CV = 9.4%, n = 21. Analytical recovery of added estradiol from seven different serum pools from men, to which three different concentrations of estradiol had been added, was (mean +/- SD): 98.6 +/- 7.0% at 107.5 ng/L added; 98.8 +/- 4.7% at 322.5 ng/L added; 108.2 +/- 4.8% at 645 ng/L added. Overall recovery of estradiol in these experiments (mean +/- SD for 21 determinations) averaged 101.9 +/- 7.0%. Assay of 32 serum specimens from women by both the direct (y) and an extraction method (x) gave the following linear regression statistics: y = 1.12x - 1.3, r = 0.998, Sy/x = 30.2 ng/L, mean y = 438.2 ng/L, mean x = 391.4 ng/L. Hemoglobin, bilirubin, and moderate lipemia do not interfere. Sensitivity of the direct assay was 2.6 ng/L. Compared with the extraction assay, the direct estradiol assay has advantages of speed and simplicity. PMID- 6627636 TI - Quality-control sera for routine determination of aluminum by electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy. AB - Several commercially available quality-control sera were analyzed for aluminum content by atomic absorption spectroscopy with a stabilized-temperature graphite furnace. The values obtained ranged between 4 and 1250 micrograms/L (0.148 to 46.235 mumol/L). No significant difference was detected for between-vial variation for four lots of quality-control sera (p greater than 0.05). Control sera stored in 1-mL polypropylene vials and frozen at -20 degrees C for up to six months showed no significant variation in aluminum content (p greater than 0.05), but those stored in their original glass containers had significantly increased aluminum content (p less than 0.001) over a four-week period. PMID- 6627637 TI - Seven different digoxin immunoassay kits compared with respect to interference by a digoxin-like immunoreactive substance in serum from premature and full-term infants. AB - Seven different digoxin immunoassay kits showed cross reactivity with an endogenous digoxin-like immunoreactive substance consistently present in serum of neonates, whether premature or full-term. The degree of interference, in decreasing order was: NML greater than New England Nuclear greater than Bio-Rad greater than Clinical Assays greater than Becton Dickinson greater than Serono greater than Syva (EMIT). More recently purchased NML kits showed less sensitivity to the substance, evidently reflecting lot-to-lot differences in antibody. A single baseline determination of the substance before digoxin is administered inadequately compensates for this interference, because the interferent concentrations can differ from day to day, with evidence that it may be most concentrated on the fourth to sixth postnatal day. Its concentration in the serum of neonates is unrelated to the concentration of dehydroepiandrostenedione sulfate, an indicator of fetal adrenal-cortical activity. PMID- 6627638 TI - Determination of ultrafiltrable zinc in plasma by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. AB - Ultrafiltrable zinc can be determined in small volumes of plasma by using Amicon ultrafiltration membrane cones and either flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry or 65Zn. The ultrafiltration membrane cone is made sufficiently zinc-free by acid washing, followed by rinsing with de-ionized water. Within-run CVs were 12 and 10%, respectively, for the two methods. Matrix effects are compensated for by using standards in solutions with an inorganic matrix that simulates the sample matrix. Results for ultrafiltrable zinc by the two techniques agreed, and agreed with previously published data obtained by different ultrafiltration techniques. The mean (and SD) percentage of plasma zinc that was ultrafiltrable in 12 control subjects was 1.0 (0.5) by AAS and 0.7 (0.3) by 65Zn. PMID- 6627639 TI - Assay of urinary oxalate: six methodologies compared. AB - To assess how well results by different methods for urinary oxalate determinations agree with each other in a clinical setting, we compared six different assays: Hodgkinson and Williams (Clin Chim Acta 36:127-132, 1972), enzymatic, modified Hodgkinson and Williams, gas chromatography, ion chromatography, and "high-pressure" liquid chromatography. For the entire group of samples, the mean value by each method agreed relatively closely, although the enzymatic procedure produced a somewhat higher value. All six methods had large coefficients of variation within (8-58%) and between (15-88%) assays. In addition, analytical recovery by most assays was more than 100% of the added oxalate. Analytical recovery of 10 micrograms of oxalate added per milliliter of urine specimen ranged from 86 to 237%; for 20 micrograms/mL it was 83 to 320%. Thus for the six methods evaluated, no single method appeared to be superior to the others. PMID- 6627640 TI - Time-course of cigarette smoke contamination of clinical hydrogen breath-analysis tests. AB - The time-course of the contamination of exogenous hydrogen from cigarette smoke on postprandial breath hydrogen concentration was evaluated in 10 subjects, six regular smokers and four occasional smokers. Breath hydrogen values were determined by gas chromatography 10 min, 5 min, and immediately prior to smoking a filter cigarette; during smoking from a sample of exhaled air containing smoke; and 5, 10, and 15 min after extinguishing the cigarette. A three- to 137-fold increase above basal hydrogen concentrations was produced by exhaled cigarette smoke, but most subjects had re-equilibrated to baseline values within 10 to 15 min after the cigarette. If subjects undergoing clinical hydrogen breath tests cannot refrain from smoking during the duration of the test, one should allow an interval of at least 15 min from the end of smoking to the collection of a breath sample. PMID- 6627641 TI - Preparation of F(ab')2 fragments of immunoglobulin G. AB - We describe a simple protocol for the preparation of F(ab')2 fragments of immunoglobulin G, based upon the known Fc- binding properties of protein A Sepharose. The fragment preparations of xenogeneic and allogeneic anti-IgG were noncytotoxic to intact target cells, and were able to block the cytotoxicity of intact antibody. This method should therefore be useful for functional studies not requiring biochemical homogeneity. PMID- 6627642 TI - Changes in serum iron and leukocyte count associated with open-heart surgery. AB - Rapid and pronounced changes in serum iron concentration and leukocyte count in association with open-heart surgery were observed in each of 58 patients. We examined the temporal aspects of these alterations. An initial increase in Fe concentration from a mean of 0.94 mg/L before surgery to 1.20 mg/L was observed within 6 h of the start of surgery. Decreased Fe concentration, a phenomenon previously associated with physiologically stressful events, became apparent 12 h after surgery, by which time the mean Fe concentration had declined to 0.26 mg/L. An increase in the mean leukocyte count, from 7.1 to 15.2 X 1000/mm3 was observed within 6 h of the start of surgery. An increase in ferritin concentration in serum was concurrent with decreased iron concentration. PMID- 6627643 TI - Simply diluting serum before radioimmunoassay does not prevent binding of prednisolone to protein. PMID- 6627644 TI - Heparin does not interfere with the measurement of plasma albumin by bromcresol purple. PMID- 6627645 TI - "Glycated hemoglobin," not "glycosylated" or "glucosylated". PMID- 6627646 TI - Criticism of glucose test comparison. PMID- 6627647 TI - Measuring urate in the Technicon SMAC by using unbound uricase and omitting dialysis. PMID- 6627648 TI - A new direct method for serum estradiol. PMID- 6627649 TI - Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity in plasma of patients with multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6627650 TI - Additional applications of the Fernandez-Loeb plot in radioimmunoassays. PMID- 6627652 TI - Two liquid and lyophilized control materials compared. PMID- 6627651 TI - Is there an enzymatic reversibility of nonenzymatic glycosylation of hemoglobin? PMID- 6627653 TI - Assessment of a computerized diagnostic program for serum protein electrophoresis. PMID- 6627654 TI - Interference by intravenous fluorescein with drug assays in the Abbott TDx. PMID- 6627655 TI - Enzymic determination of total cholesterol in skin tissue. PMID- 6627656 TI - Determination of creatinine in serum by using creatininase: enhancement of a commercial method. PMID- 6627657 TI - Pancreatic lipase in serum of patients with beta-thalassemia major. PMID- 6627658 TI - Long-term precision of carcinoembryonic antigen assays. PMID- 6627659 TI - Serum lactic dehydrogenase (SLDH) activity in maternal and cord blood in anemia of pregnancy and normal controls. AB - Serum lactic dehydrogenase (SLDH) activity was investigated in a group of 77 pregnant women at term with anemia of pregnancy (Hb under 10 g/dl), and in 61 cord blood samples of their newborns. 107 healthy pregnant women (Hb above 11 g/dl) and 62 cord blood samples from their newborns served as control. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups as for the SLDH activity. It is possible that the isoenzymes LDH 3 and LDH 4, which are probably of placental origin, are affected during pregnancy, but the study of these isoenzymes will make the subject of a future investigation. PMID- 6627660 TI - Desire of pregnancy and desire of motherhood. Its sociocultural evolution. AB - Nowadays pregnancy is considered a psychosomatic experience during which personal and existential factors interact with cultural and environmental ones. This very important event causes conflictual conditions. In fact as regards to become a mother a different psychological attitude corresponds to a social-cultural change (historical environment, contraception, geographical area, etc.) that has shifted the objectives and the duties giving the woman the "theoretical" possibility to decide of her nature autonomally. This problem issues from two desires: the pregnancy and the maternity ones. Taking into account this attitude in 1200 women attending the Obstetric Psychoprophylaxis classes in 1982 at the Obstetric and Gynecological Department of Padua University, the Authors have pointed out interesting aspects concerning the way the woman today considers the conception and the pregnancy. PMID- 6627661 TI - Hyperprolactinemia and pregnancy. Clinical series. AB - We report 15 cases of pregnancy in 11 patients with hyperprolactinemia. These patients initially went to our Gynecologic Endocrinology Center for various menstrual troubles. They were all treated with bromocriptine, except one whose hyperprolactinemia was diagnosed when she had already started a gonadotropin therapy, since HPRL assays performed elsewhere had given normal results. In 6 patients we diagnosed prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma. Only two patients underwent adenomectomy. All patients gave up bromocryptine as soon as their pregnancy was detected. Two patients had two subsequent pregnancies, another one had three. All pregnancies were single. The only twin pregnancy followed a gonadotropin therapy. One of the 15 pregnancies ended with abortion at the 12th week; another one (twin) with spontaneous delivery at the 37th week; 13 with term delivery. They all had physiologic courses, except for one case of threatened abortion and one case of diabetes insipidus at the 9th month. None of the 15 newborns (7 SGA and 8 AGA) showed malformations. No sign or symptom of tumour growth was detected in the patients affected by pituitary adenoma. PMID- 6627662 TI - Vulvovaginitis in children. AB - The Author reports 45 cases of vulvovaginitis in children. In agreement with the literature the reported data show a fairly high prevalence of concomitant urinary infections. Timely and correct treatment of genital and urinary inflammations can prevent relapses, new infections and reduce the incidence of more serious urinary phlogosis to a minimum. PMID- 6627663 TI - Prenatal echographic diagnosis of ovarian cyst in a female fetus. AB - The Authors have diagnosed in antenatal age, by echogram, an ovarian cyst in a female fetus. After birth the newborn was operated. After laparotomy the surgeons found a cyst of the left ovary with this size: cm 9 x cm 11, whose weight was g 400 and with a liquid content. Therefore the Authors point out the validity of the echography in case of congenital fetal abnormalities. PMID- 6627664 TI - The "group" in obstetric psychoprophylaxis. AB - In the practice of obstetric psychoprophylaxis every method employed considered always the group both from a psychological and a pedagogic point of view. Today the group of pregnant women (or couples) is considered under various aspects: - psychological: the group as a support for members with regard to maternal and parental emotional feelings; - anthropological: the group fills up an empty vital space and becomes a "rite de passage" from a state of social identity to another one; - social: the group is a significative cultural intermediary between health services and the women-patient. The knowledge of these aspects becomes an important methodological support for group conductors. We present an analysis of our experience with groups and how this has affected the Psychoprophylaxis in the last years. PMID- 6627665 TI - Evaluation of a prospective study on the urinary tract infections in pregnancy. AB - The AA. considered 58 pregnant women affected by asymptomatic bacteriuria of pregnancy and 20 pregnant women with sterile urine during the first trimester of pregnancy as control group. Despite a constant treatment suggested by antibiogram the incidence of infective relapses was high but no patients were affected by important infections as acute haemorrhagic cystitis and acute pyelonephritis. In control group only 15% of patients had an asymptomatic urinary infection. These patients received the same treatment of the first group. In AA. opinion, a constant and careful screening of asymptomatic urinary infections is necessary in all pregnant women to prevent acute pyelonephritis. PMID- 6627666 TI - Vaginal metastasis from unsuspected renal cell carcinoma. AB - The Authors report on a case of renal cell carcinoma with vaginal metastasis, which appeared on clinical examination as a primary vaginal disease without urinary symptoms. PMID- 6627667 TI - Urinary tract infection and anemia in pregnancy. AB - The Author reports 40 cases of patients affected by asymptomatic bacteriuria at the 1st trimester of pregnancy, assessing changes in their hemoglobin values, and compared them to 20 control patients with sterile urine at the 1st trimester. No major difference is found in hemoglobin changes between the two groups, probably owing to the repeated parameter controls throughout pregnancy and the continuing treatment undergone by all the affected patients. PMID- 6627668 TI - Considerations about our approach to obstetric psychoprophylaxis. AB - Usually the term "obstetric psychoprophylaxis" refers to a specific method or technique. We prefer to consider it as a procedure that involves on one side the woman, the child and its family, and on the other the services entitled to give pre- and post-natal assistance. In order to realize this, a reformation of our methodological parameters and a critical analysis of the results obtained are required. In the courses of obstetric psychoprophylaxis that are held in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the University of Padua we take into consideration the following themes: - Methodological approach - Professional training of the staff - Significance of psychosocial culture in the management of the pregnancy by the health services. PMID- 6627669 TI - Cyclical changes in the epithelium of the fallopian tube. Studies with scanner electron microscopy (SEM). AB - By means of SEM the existence of cyclical changes has been demonstrated on the surface of the tube that is of paramount importance in the biology of reproduction. The frequency of ciliary cells increases under the influence of estrogens, producing erect cilius. Under the influence of progesterone, they are frequent once again, but due to the disappearance of secretory activity of the secretory cells. The days preceding and immediately following ovulation (days 13 to 17) the maximum cellular secretion is observed by virtue of apocrine secretion, characterized by the elimination of part of the cellular cytoplasm, and merocrine secretion brought about by multiple and coarse microvilli. The fluid that is produced during these days serves as a vehicle of sperm transport and prevents the descent of the fertile egg. PMID- 6627671 TI - Uterine lipomas. Review of the literature. AB - Lipomas of the uterus are extremely rare. Clinical symptoms and physical signs are similar to those found in leiomyomas. The question of histogenesis of lipomatous lesions of the uterus is discussed and the available literature up to 1982 is reviewed. PMID- 6627670 TI - Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Improved blood glucose in pregnant diabetics. AB - The effect of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (c.s.i.i.) on the control of blood-glucose concentration and outcome of pregnancy was assessed in two pregnant diabetics (class B and class C White classification) who were poorly controlled with conventional insulin therapy. The insulin pump was carried in a holster and enabled the patients to ambulate freely. The patients were able to refill the syringe, to augment the infusion rate at mealtime and to change the implantation site of the needle weekly, and thus, were able to leave the hospital. Daily glucose profiles were assessed 1-3 times a week, and the infusion rate was readjusted accordingly. Twenty-four hours glucose profiles were obtained from both patients during inpatient conventional insulin regimens, and then, during c.s.i.i. which was maintained for 41 and 145 days, respectively. Mean 24 hours glucose concentrations were reduced from 156 to 113 mg/100 ml, mean fasting glucose from 152 to 106 mg/100 ml, and mean diurnal variation (maximal excursion) from 75 to 65 mg/100 ml. The favourable results achieved with the c.s.i.i. enabled both patients to reach the 18th week of gestation and to deliver healthy non-macrosomic infants, who had uneventful and morbid-free neonatal periods. Since the c.s.i.i. supplies insulin in a more physiological manner than twice daily regimens, better control of blood sugar and body fuel metabolism may be achieved. By extending the therapy to the early stages of pregnancy, or if possible to pre-conceptional period, reduced perinatal mortality and morbidity may be anticipated. PMID- 6627672 TI - 'True' ascorbic acid in plasma and serum: investigation of a new method. PMID- 6627673 TI - A convenient and sensitive method for the determination of serum aspartate aminotransferase isozymes after electrophoresis. PMID- 6627674 TI - Inhibition of alkaline phosphatase activity by glucose. AB - Non-enzymatic glycosylation (NEG) of alkaline phosphatase (AP) was studied after short- and long-term incubation with glucose and other carbohydrates. Glucose and amino sugars clearly inhibited the enzyme activity; this was in contrast to reducing and non-reducing disaccharides, which had an enhancing effect. After AP had been incubated with 18 nmol/l glucose for 180 minutes (short-term incubation), a subsequent extensive dialysis revealed full recovery of the enzymatic activity. This, plus the demonstration of a [3H]sodium borohydride reducible glucose-protein adduct, indicated that initially a labile aldimine (Schiff base) had been formed. Binding experiments with [14C]glucose and failure of dialysis to achieve a recovery of enzymatic activity after long-term incubation suggested that subsequently a stable ketoamine product had been formed. This was further confirmed by the thiobarbituric acid test, which revealed 0.65 nmol 5-hydroxymethylfurfural/mg protein for glycosylated AP compared to 0.11 for the non-glycosylated control. Preliminary results further suggest that NEG of AP also occurs in vivo. Streptozotocin diabetic rats had significantly lower serum AP activities than did non-diabetic controls (mean +/- SD: 153.7 +/- 28.4 vs. 760.5 +/- 95.7 U/l; p less than 0.001). Blood glucose levels and serum AP activity, which had been determined simultaneously during an oral glucose tolerance test, showed without exception an inverse relationship in each of 32 healthy children studied. The biological significance of these findings remains to be established. PMID- 6627675 TI - Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency: an inborn error of gamma aminobutyric acid metabolism. AB - Gamma-hydroxybutyric aciduria is a disorder of gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolism in which a compound of known neuropharmacologic activity accumulates. We have studied two patients in whom high levels of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid were found in blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid. A coupled assay has been developed which estimates succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity in isolated human lymphocytes. The mean activity of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase in a control and the four parents and two healthy siblings of these patients was 8.8 +/- 1.9 pmol . min-1 . mg-1 protein. In the patients the activities were 0.8 and 1.1 pmol . min-1 . mg-1 protein, approximately 9-13% of control. In the presence of saturating amounts of NAD+, lymphocyte sonicates, derived from the patients accumulated a significant amount of 14C-succinic semialdehyde from 14C-gamma aminobutyric acid, whereas none could be detected in controls. The data suggest a deficiency of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase in these patients, the first documented defect of the metabolism of gamma-aminobutyric acid in man. PMID- 6627676 TI - Trace elements in human seminal plasma and spermatozoa. AB - Methodologies for the analysis of cadmium, copper, iron, lead, selenium and zinc in human seminal plasma and spermatozoa have been developed. Analyses were made directly in a dilution of seminal plasma or nitric acid digest of lyophilized cells using Zeeman-effect atomic absorption spectroscopy. Within-run coefficients of variation (CV's) for pooled specimens ranged from 0.5% to 9%. Between-run CV's ranged from 4% to 13%. Analysis of a seminal plasma specimen at 1/2, 1, 1 1/2, 3 1/2 and 5 hours post emission indicated that no change in seminal plasma trace element concentrations occurred on standing in contact with spermatozoa. Trace element concentrations were determined in specimens from patients undergoing infertility studies. PMID- 6627677 TI - Serum secretory component: a potential marker of biliary obstruction. AB - Secretory Component (SC) was measured in serum samples from patients with a variety of disorders using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The overall precision of the method at high and low concentrations of SC was 11% (CV). Serum concentrations of SC were significantly higher in patients with several forms of liver disease (means = 82.37 mg/l +/- SD 56.9) compared with normals (means = 6.0 +/- SD 4.2), patients with diseases of mucosal surfaces (means = 7.4 mg/l +/- SD 4.2) and patients with elevated alkaline phosphatase due to causes other than overt liver disease (means = 16.4 mg/l +/- SD 7.6). Serum SC levels correlated strongly with serum alkaline phosphatase activity (rs = 0.648) in the presence of liver disease. Raised serum SC in liver disease probably reflects reflumeans of biliary SC and secretory IgA into blood due to cholestasis. Estimation of serum SC could be clinically useful as an index of biliary obstruction, especially to distinguish a raised serum alkaline phosphatase activity of liver or bone origin. PMID- 6627678 TI - Plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase -- reference values and effects of xenobiotics. AB - Plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) has been measured by an enzymatic method. We did not observe any significant sex variations, but age variations were found. In females, LCAT activities are stable up to 40 years (60 mumol . 1.1 . h-1 at the 50th centile). Also, from 50 years the median increased progressively to 76 mumol . 1-1 . h-1. In males, the activity increased from 52 to 71 mumol . 1-1 . h-1 at the 50th centile in two age groups (15-20 years and 50 years). The effect of some xenobiotics on LCAT activity was studied. We observed an increase in activity of 33% in males when the daily alcoholic beverage consumption ranged from 0 to more than 0.5 litre of wine or beer. LCAT activity increased in children who were treated with hypolipidemic drugs (fenofibrate, Lipanthyl). In boys, the mean enzyme activity increased to 35% (p less than 0.05). The increase was greater in girls (75%, p less than 0.01). Treatment with anticonvulsant drugs gave a decrease in LCAT activity of 32-46%. PMID- 6627680 TI - Correlation of bile acid composition between liver tissue and bile. AB - Bile acid composition of ten paired human livers and bile specimens were compared with gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring. The bile acid composition in liver and in bile was found to be similar but not identical. This difference seems to be a reflection of bile acid synthesis in liver tissue. It is suggested that analysis of bile acid composition in liver tissue is useful to evaluate abnormality of bile acid synthesis in several pathological states. PMID- 6627679 TI - HPLC of phospholipids in biological fluids -- application to amniotic fluid for the prediction of fetal lung maturity. AB - Because of both the advantage of speed compared with thin layer chromatography (TLC) and the dearth of high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods for phospholipid separation, it was decided to investigate the use of HPLC with a differential refractometer as detector for the separation and quantitation of amniotic fluid phospholipids required for the prediction of fetal lung maturity. A method was devised which gave results which compared well with those from TLC both in terms of quantitation and predictive value. Despite this, the method was found to lack sufficient reliability for application to the routine clinical assessment of fetal lung maturity. The method does, however, offer a good alternative to two dimensional TLC with phosphate analysis in research work involving quantitation of phosphatidyl inositol, phosphatidyl glycerol and particularly lecithin. PMID- 6627681 TI - Erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes and selenium serum levels in an Andean population. AB - A preliminary study indicated that erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities were enhanced in chronic hypoxaemic patients, in whom an increased oxidant stress could be present as a consequence of augmented haemoglobin autoxidation. We have now evaluated the behaviour of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes and of their related trace metal serum levels in conditions of chronic hypobaric hypoxia in an Andean population living at high altitude (3800 m above sea level), and in a similar ethnic group living at sea level. The results indicate a significant reduction in erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity and a low serum level of selenium in the Andean population. Thus, in contrast to what happens in chronic hypoxaemic patients, this group of Andean subjects seems to be poorly protected against oxidant stress, probably as a consequence of selenium deficiency in the diet. PMID- 6627683 TI - Development of a radioimmunoassay for 'Tamm-Horsfall-like' glycoprotein in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. AB - Affinity chromatography purification was combined with a radioimmunoassay for 'Tamm-Horsfall-like' glycoprotein. This enabled serum concentrations to be established and to demonstrate its presence in cerebrospinal fluid for the first time. This assay method used in different circumstances suggests a multifocal synthesis. Nevertheless, urinary Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein so far must be distinguished from the serum or cerebrospinal fluid Tamm-Horsfall-like glycoprotein. PMID- 6627682 TI - Relationship of plasma tartrate resistant acid phosphatase to the bone isoenzyme of serum alkaline phosphatase in hyperparathyroidism. AB - In 46 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, in 21 non-dialysed patients with advanced renal failure, and in 52 patients on hemodialysis, a significant positive correlation was found between bone isoenzyme of serum alkaline phosphatase and plasma tartrate resistant acid phosphatase. In primary hyperparathyroidism, a significant positive correlation was found between the radiological degree of osteodystrophy and the biochemical parameters of bone remodelling. After removal of the parathyroid adenoma, only the tartrate resistant acid phosphatase decreased to normal limits. Plasma tartrate resistant acid phosphatase was most significantly influenced by serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone levels. In chronic renal failure, bone isoenzyme of serum alkaline phosphatase was most significantly influenced by serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone levels, by hypocalcemia and by duration of hemodialysis. The results confirm that in hyperparathyroidism the extent of the whole-body rates of bone resorption and formation are approximately equal. The biochemical parameters can be used for serial assessment of the course of the disease but are not specific for diagnosis. PMID- 6627684 TI - A gas chromatographic method for the determination of acetone and acetoacetic acid in urine. PMID- 6627685 TI - Extra heating of TLC plates detects two lysosomal storage diseases, aspartylglucosaminuria and fucosidosis, during routine urinary amino acid screening. PMID- 6627686 TI - Brain specific proteins: creatine kinase BB isoenzyme is cochromatographed during preparation of neuron-specific enolase from human brain. PMID- 6627687 TI - Tetrathionate-blocked creatine kinase as a substrate for human plasma 'creatine kinase conversion factor'. AB - 'Creatine kinase conversion factor' has been partially purified from whole plasma. The preparation has the ability to convert slowly migrating, native CK-MM into a faster electrophoretic form through a form of intermediate mobility. These changes are accompanied by a loss in CK activity. The rates of both electrophoretic conversion and loss of enzyme activity are reduced or prevented by the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol, EDTA, or by formation of the creatine-MgADP nitrate dead-end complex. When the thiol group essential for enzyme activity found at the CK active site is first blocked by treatment with potassium tetrathionate, full activity may be retained under conditions that fully convert CK to the faster electrophoretic forms. The conversion factor activity was not inhibited by a pre-incubation with the protease inhibitor, PMSF and the converted form of CK showed no evidence of proteolytic cleavage. The molecular basis of the chemical alteration caused by the conversion is discussed. PMID- 6627688 TI - Serum creatine kinase in obese subjects before and during weight reduction. AB - Obese subjects are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease manifestations. The CK value is an important aid in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction, but may also be increased by factors such as muscle mass or breakdown of muscle tissue. We analysed CK values in 120 obese patients in our Obesity Unit and also monitored CK values during a weight reduction programme in 26 of these patients. CK values did not increase with body weight, and during weight loss in a diet programme no systematic CK changes were observed. We conclude that in the evaluation of an elevated CK value in a coronary care unit, such an increased value cannot be accounted for by the overweight per se. PMID- 6627689 TI - Cystic fibrosis-like changes in saliva of healthy persons subjected to anaerobic exercise. AB - The biochemical composition of saliva secreted by healthy persons and by heterozygotes and homozygotes of cystic fibrosis at rest and by healthy persons subjected to aerobic or anaerobic effort were compared. In the saliva from cystic fibrosis homozygotes at rest substantial increases of the activity of ribonuclease (p less than 0.001) and of the concentrations of protein (p less than 0.001), lactate (p less than 0.001), sodium (p less than 0.001), potassium (p less than 0.01) and calcium (p less than 0.05) were found in comparison with saliva from healthy persons at rest. In the saliva from cystic fibrosis heterozygotes at rest similar but less pronounced changes were seen. After anaerobic exercise these biochemical parameters were increased in the saliva of healthy persons and mimicked the values of cystic fibrosis saliva. However, after aerobic effort no changes other than a slightly increased ribonuclease activity were seen in the saliva of healthy persons. This indicates that salivary glands of cystic fibrosis patients, at rest, are in the same state of lactate acidosis and energy depletion as these glands are in healthy persons after anaerobic work. PMID- 6627690 TI - Quantitative determination of C2-C8 volatile fatty acids in human serum by vacuum distillation and gas chromatography. PMID- 6627691 TI - Primary hypothyroidism with grossly elevated plasma total thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels. AB - In an elderly patient with clinical primary hypothyroidism and a raised basal TSH, the serum free thyroxine (fT4), total thyroxine (TT4) and triiodothyronine (TT3) were consistently and paradoxically grossly elevated when measured by radioimmunoassay. In part these hormone levels were due to a high titre of endogenous IgG immunoglobulins which bound T4, T3 and reverse T3 (rT3) and thus caused gross interference in the radioimmunoassays. However, when this methodological interference was removed by using a methanolic extract of the patient's serum, the concentrations of TT4 and TT3 were still grossly elevated. It was only when basal TSH and the concentration of fT4 and fT3 were measured by equilibrium dialysis that these hormone levels were found to be consistent with primary hypothyroidism. PMID- 6627692 TI - Microheterogeneity of luteinizing hormone in pituitary glands from women of pre- and postmenopausal age. AB - Luteinizing hormone from the pituitaries of women of premenopausal (Pre-M) and postmenopausal (Post-M) age has been studied to further understand the variations in the quality of plasma LH in women of different ages. The median and range for bioactive LH was 101: 85-155 IU/mg protein and 83: 52-201 IU/mg protein for the Pre- and Post-M groups respectively. The ratios of LH bioactivity/immunoreactivity (B:I) were 1.04 +/- 0.13 (Pre-M) and 0.97 +/- 0.02 (Post-M). Broad range isoelectrophoretic profiles of the pituitary extracts revealed a heterogeneous population of coincident bioactive and immunoreactive LH peaks. Recoveries from the columns were similar in both groups and B:I values of the LH material throughout the columns were between 0.5 and 2.0 in over 90% of the fractions. Between 31.8 and 36.6% of the LH from both groups appeared between pH 7 and pH 8. The most striking difference between the two groups was that greater than 34% of the bioactive LH from the Post-M pituitaries, but less than 6% of the LH from the other group had migrated as a major discrete peak to an acidic region of pH less than 6. We conclude that although there is no difference in total LH activity in the pituitaries from the two groups, substantially more 'acidic' LH material is stored in the postmenopausal pituitaries. These observations are consistent with the recent finding of greater circulating levels of acidic LH in plasma from post-menopausal women. PMID- 6627693 TI - The clinical presentation of hypothyroid myopathy and its relationship to abnormalities in structure and function of skeletal muscle. AB - Clinical assessment for the presence of myopathy was performed in fifteen untreated hypothyroid patients. In many of these patients plasma creatine kinase (CK) activities, tests of skeletal muscle function and vastus lateralis needle biopsies were performed. Muscle symptoms were extremely common, occurring in thirteen patients. Proximal muscle weakness, preferentially affecting the legs, muscle pains or cramps and delayed tendon jerk relaxation represented the commonest features of hypothyroid myopathy. Detailed descriptions are given of patients with muscle hypertrophy, muscle atrophy and developmental failure to illustrate the wide clinical spectrum. If examination revealed signs of myopathy, in particular if there was delayed relaxation of tendon jerks, biochemically severe hypothyroidism (serum thyroxine less than 20 nmol/l) was likely (P less than 0.01). The latter was a frequent finding in six patients with serous effusions (P less than 0.01). This subgroup also had a mean plasma CK activity of 1339 IU/l compared to 679 IU/l (normal 10-120 IU/l) for the whole hypothyroid group, and all five patients in this subgroup in whom vastus lateralis needle biopsies were performed showed abnormalities. Quadriceps force measurements and ankle jerk relaxation times were more sensitive than clinical examination in detecting muscle weakness and delayed relaxation. A reduced maximum relation rate (MRR) of the quadriceps, vastus lateralis needle biopsy abnormalities, and myopathic features on electromyography were characteristic. PMID- 6627694 TI - The interaction of human endometrial and myometrial steroid receptors with danazol. AB - The affinity of danazol for oestrogen, androgen and progesterone receptors in human endometrium and myometrium was determined, to study the mechanism of action of this drug in the treatment of endometriosis. The ability of danazol to combine with each of the three types of receptor was similar in both endometrium and myometrium. The capacity of danazol to compete with oestradiol-17 beta for the oestrogen receptor was very low (1.72 +/- 0.48 X 10(-3%) cross reaction, mean +/- SEM) and danazol, at the maximum concentration used, was unable to saturate the receptor; but danazol's ability to compete with progesterone for its receptor was considerably higher (8.41 +/- 1.65% using progesterone, 1.95 +/- 0.41% using R5020) and was saturable. Danazol was also able to displace dihydrotestosterone from the cytosol androgen receptor (6.29 +/- 1.82% cross reaction). The association constant of oestradiol for the endometrial and myometrial oestrogen receptors was 2.19 X 10(9)M-1 and 7.45 X 10(9)M-1 respectively, while that of progesterone and dihydrotestosterone for their receptors was similar in endometrium and myometrium (mean 0.25 +/- 0.06 X 10(9) M-1 and 3.62 +/- 1.67 X 10(9) M-1 respectively). Using R5020, the association constant for the myometrial progesterone receptor was 2.50 +/- 0.73 X 10(9) M-1. We conclude that, in view of the high circulating levels of danazol present in patients being treated for endometriosis, it is possible that danazol may bind to, and partly saturate, endometrial and myometrial oestrogen, progesterone and androgen receptors during treatment. An explanation may thus be provided for some of the diverse actions of this drug. PMID- 6627695 TI - Dopamine blockade inhibits starvation ketosis in man. AB - The effects of dopamine blockade on the endocrine and metabolic response to starvation have been investigated by administration of metoclopramide, 30 mg daily, or placebo to five normal subjects fasted for sixty hours on two occasions. Blood glucose and alanine concentrations fell with starvation and metoclopramide had no further effect. Concentrations of the other gluconeogenic precursors, lactate and pyruvate, were also unaffected by metoclopramide. The rise in circulating ketone body concentrations with fasting was impaired by metoclopramide, significantly from 44 h onwards (blood total ketone body concentration at 60 h, 3.42 +/- 0.94 mmol/l with placebo; 2.08 +/- 0.67 mmol/l with metoclopramide, P less than 0.05). Blood glycerol and plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) levels rose with starvation, and metoclopramide had no further effect. Serum insulin concentrations remained low with fasting, while circulating glucagon and growth hormone levels rose. Similar changes were noted with both metoclopramide and placebo. Serum prolactin concentrations during starvation were elevated two to four fold by metoclopramide. The inhibitory effect of dopamine blockade on ketosis thus occurred despite hyperprolactinaemia, and did not result from measurable alterations in insulin, glucagon or growth hormone secretion. The data suggest a stimulatory role for endogenous dopamine on starvation ketonaemia in man. PMID- 6627696 TI - Serum calcium concentration in hyperthyroidism at diagnosis and after treatment. AB - In a large, mainly outpatient, series of hyperthyroid patients who attended a district general hospital the serum concentrations of calcium and albumin were measured before and in many cases after treatment. The calcium level (mean +/- SD) before treatment (2.41 +/- 0.21 mmol/l, n = 437) was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than afterwards (2.36 +/- 0.15 mmol/l, n = 232) and the albumin level rose when the patients became euthyroid (from 40.5 +/- 3.1 g/l to 44.0 +/- 2.4 g/l; P less than 0.01). After treatment neither value differed from those of an unselected group of out-patients. The usual relation between the serum concentrations of calcium and albumin did not hold in the hyperthyroid subjects but reverted to normal on treatment; the variation, probably due to an increase in ionized calcium, leads to an overestimate of the 'corrected calcium' when conventional methods are used to calculate this figure. Thus, using a conventional formula 8.5% of our hyperthyroid patients would appear to have a calcium greater than 2.65 mmol/l (normal mean plus 2 standard deviations) whereas using a correction factor specific for the hyperthyroid situation the figure is reduced to 5.7% which is only twice the expected proportion. The calcium level was significantly greater (P less than 0.001) in those patients in whom initial T3 concentration was high (greater than 7.2 nmol/l). There was no effect of T4 upon serum calcium which could not be accounted for by the action of T3. In this series of 437 patients there was no case of symptomatic hypercalcaemia. The maximum value was 2.80 mmol/l in a patient with coincident primary hyperparathyroidism. Significant hypercalcaemia is rare in hyperthyroidism. PMID- 6627697 TI - The participation of hypothalamic dopamine in morphine-induced prolactin release in man. AB - In order to assess the role of dopamine in opiate-induced prolactin secretion, morphine alone or in combination with the dopamine blocker metoclopramide, or the L-aromatic aminoacid decarboxylase inhibitor benserazide, was administered to a group of normal adult men. Morphine (10 mg) stimulated prolactin release in all subjects; however, the effect was totally abolished when 10 mag metoclopramide or 200 mg benserazide were given before the opiate agonist. The prolactin releasing effect of a sub-maximal metoclopramide dose (1 mg) was potentiated by morphine. In vitro, benserazide was totally inactive in stimulating prolactin release by isolated anterior pituitary cells. Moreover, benserazide failed to alter the inhibiting action of dopamine on prolactin release. The data suggest that opiates stimulate prolactin release in man by acting through dopaminergic mechanisms. PMID- 6627699 TI - Lack of effect of ethanol on plasma cortisol in man. AB - The effects of acute administration of ethanol were studied in a total of 18 normal male subjects. Sixteen men were given oral ethanol (2.5 ml/kg vodka or gin) and four received intravenous infusions of ethanol (1 ml/kg), at two times of day, 0900 h and 1800 h. Neither intravenous nor oral ethanol caused a specific rise in plasma cortisol, in contrast to previously reported work. There was no evidence for circadian variation in response. Since ethanol does not release plasma cortisol in normal individuals, the pathogenesis of 'alcohol-induced pseudo-Cushing's syndrome' should be re-considered. PMID- 6627698 TI - Natural history of thyroid function in diabetics with impaired thyroid reserve: a four year controlled study. AB - An attempt was made to compare the natural history of thyroid function in 80 diabetics having raised serum TSH concentrations (median 8.9 mU/l, range 5.8-46.3 mU/l) but serum T4 concentrations within the normal range (Group 1), and in 59 diabetics having normal serum TSH (median 1.9 mU/l, range 0.8-4.7 mU/l) and T4 concentrations (Group 2). Thyroid microsomal antibodies were present initially in 65% of patients in Group 1 and 15% of patients in Group 2. By 1981, 59 patients (74%) in Group 1 and 47 patients (80%) in Group 2 had been followed for a mean +/ SD duration of 4.2 +/- 1.8 and 4.2 +/- 1.5 years, respectively. Hypothyroidism developed in 9 patients in Group 1, but none from Group 2. Of patients in Group 1, hypothyroidism developed at a rate of 5% per annum in those with thyroid microsomal antibodies, but only 1% per annum in those without antibodies. Therefore, the risk of development of hypothyroidism is greatest in diabetics having both elevated serum TSH concentrations and thyroid microsomal antibodies and such patients should have regular review of thyroid function. Either risk factor alone appears to be a poor predictor of development of hypothyroidism. PMID- 6627700 TI - Correction by bromocriptine of hypothalamic dysfunction and post-prandial hypoglycaemic symptoms in a 31-year-old woman. AB - A 31-year old female presented with recurrent episodes of post-prandial hypoglycaemic symptoms. Basal serum levels of ACTH, cortisol, GH, insulin and glucagon were normal. An adrenaline test demonstrated a normal peripheral response. An exercise test failed to produce ACTH, cortisol or FFA responses. Insulin (0.1 u/kg)-induced-hypoglycaemia failed to elevate serum ACTH, cortisol or GH. Metyrapone and ACTH tests were normal, demonstrating adequate hypophyseal and adrenal function. These findings suggested that the patient suffered from hypothalamic dysfunction. Bromocriptine (Parlodel, 7.5 mg/d for 5 weeks) resulted in an improved general condition, accompanied by a decrease in sugar consumption. Following treatment, FFA, ACTH and cortisol responses to exercise test were normal, as were ACTH, cortisol and GH responses to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. It is concluded that bromocriptine may be useful in the treatment of post prandial hypoglycaemic symptoms associated with hypothalamic dysfunction. PMID- 6627701 TI - Thromboembolic complications in Cushing's syndrome. AB - Thromboembolic events are thought to occur with increased frequency in Cushing's syndrome due to the predisposing factors, obesity, hypertension, a raised haematocrit and major surgery plus a 'hypercoagulable state'. To examine this postulate further we have studied 43 patients with Cushing's syndrome retrospectively and 10 patients prospectively to determine the incidence of arterial and venous thrombosis, both spontaneous and post-operative. Arterial events were noted in four cases (9%) and deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) occurred in six cases (11%). Post-operative PTE occurred in 2.7% of all operations. These vascular complications tended to occur in the older patients with Cushing's syndrome. In our series, clinically significant thromboembolic episodes appear no more common than expected and the indications for prophylactic anticoagulation (the older and more obese patients) may not be different from other patients undergoing major surgery. An incidental finding was of a greater frequency of hypertension in Cushing's patients due to an adrenal adenoma. PMID- 6627702 TI - Acute changes in thyroid function tests following ingestion of thyroxine. AB - The timing of blood sample collection in relation to ingestion of thyroxine has been thought to be of no consequence in the assessment of patients receiving thyroxine medication. We have investigated changes in serum thyroid hormones after oral ingestion of thyroxine. Therapeutic doses of thyroxine (100-300 micrograms) were given to five normal, euthyroid subjects and eleven patients receiving long-term thyroxine-replacement medication. Blood samples were collected prior to and following ingestion of thyroxine. A significant increase in total thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine index (FTI) and free T4 (FT4) concentration was observed at all doses. No significant change was observed in 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine, 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine or thyrotrophin concentrations. Although T4, FTI and FT4 were significantly elevated 1 h after ingestion of all doses of thyroxine and remained elevated for at least 6 h, supranormal values were observed only after ingestion of the highest dose of thyroxine. The levels of T4, FTI and FT4 in patients receiving thyroxine should be interpreted in relation to the time of thyroxine administration. Standardisation of blood collection in patients receiving thyroxine replacement would be desirable. PMID- 6627704 TI - [Determination of serum thyroglobulin by RIA]. PMID- 6627705 TI - [Chemical properties of thyroglobulin in thyroid tumors]. PMID- 6627703 TI - Effect of treatment of Cushing's syndrome on skeletal muscle structure and function. AB - The time course of recovery in the myopathy of Cushing's syndrome was studied before and after removal of a pituitary adenoma at hypophysectomy in three patients and an adrenal adenoma in another. Serial measurements were performed of quadriceps force, total muscle mass/body weight, individual fibre size on needle biopsies of the lateral muscle mass of the thigh and skeletal muscle cross sectional area (CSA) and force/unit CSA on computed (CT) scans of thighs and calves. All patients were weak, and recovery was slow but substantial except in one patient who had persistent Cushing's syndrome. An accompanying increase in overall and type II mean fibre area (MFA) occurred after surgery in the patients with a pituitary adenoma, as did an increase in skeletal muscle CSA and force/unit CSA in both patients having CT scans. The only patient with pronounced muscle wasting showed severe type II fibre atrophy with a reduced total muscle mass/body weight, but muscle morphology and total muscle mass were normal in the other patients. Only in this patient was a significant increase in total muscle mass/body weight noted after surgery. These findings suggest that the increase in muscle mass which may follow hypophysectomy in Cushing's syndrome is due to an increase in individual cell size. PMID- 6627706 TI - [Immunoreactive thyroglobulin in thyroid cancer]. PMID- 6627708 TI - [Subacute thyroiditis and thyroglobulin]. PMID- 6627707 TI - [Serum thyroglobulin in thyroid neoplasms]. PMID- 6627709 TI - [Non-thyroid diseases and thyroglobulin]. PMID- 6627710 TI - [Functioning parathyroid tumor with pain in the knee joint]. PMID- 6627711 TI - [Pregnancy and delivery following surgical management of thyroid cancer and Cushing's disease]. PMID- 6627712 TI - [Cumulative result of Ellsworth-Howard test using synthetic 1-34 human parathyroid hormone]. PMID- 6627713 TI - [Thyrotropin inactivation by thyroid plasma membrane]. PMID- 6627714 TI - [Experimental and clinical evaluation of C-peptide kit "Daiichi"2]. PMID- 6627715 TI - [IMMOPHASE ferritin RIA kit: experimental and clinical studies]. PMID- 6627717 TI - Folic acid metabolism in a patient with fragile X. PMID- 6627716 TI - [IMMOPHASE F.T3 RIA kit: experimental and clinical studies]. PMID- 6627718 TI - Germinal mosaicism in achondroplasia: a family with 3 affected siblings of normal parents. AB - Three achondroplastic sisters born to normal parents are reported. This report constitutes an unique example of germinal mosaicism in the human. PMID- 6627719 TI - Genetics and linkage relationships of the C3 polymorphism: discovery of C3-Se linkage and assignment of LES-C3-DM-Se-PEPD-Lu synteny to chromosome 19. AB - The C3 complement system was examined in our Danish material of normal families, which had earlier been examined for 59 marker systems, and in a myotonic dystrophy family material. A total of 8 alleles were recognized, with allele frequencies as follows: C3*S = 0.7902, C3*F = 0.2018, C3*S rare (3 lumped together) = 0.0036, C3*F rare (2 lumped together) = 0.0024; a silent allele was recognized in three families and its frequency estimated to C3*QO = 0.002. The distribution of unrelated individuals did not deviate significantly from the Hardy-Weinberg expectation, it was not significantly different between the sexes, and for none of the mating types was there any significant deviation from the expected ratios of children. As to linkage relationships of C3 with marker systems and with myotonic dystrophy, there was evidence (most of it first presented at the 6th International Congress of Human Genetics, Jerusalem 1981) for synteny with ABH secretion (Se): C3-Se (males) z = 4.35, theta = 0.12 and with Lewis secretion (LES): C3-LES (males z = 3.63, theta = 0.04). There were indicative or suggestive lod scores for Se-PEPD (males & females z = 2.41, theta = 0.00), C3-Lu (z = 1.88, theta = 0.15), C3-DM (z = 1.69, theta = 0.06) and PEPD C3 (male z = 0.95, theta = 0.17). The most likely sequence of these 6 systems would appear to be LES-C3-DM-(Se-PEPD)-Lu and the synteny would reside on chromosome 19. PMID- 6627720 TI - The half chromatid mutation model and bidirectional mutation in incontinentia pigmenti. PMID- 6627721 TI - Replication and inactivation of an isodicentric X: presence of an inactive centromere influences the replication patterns. AB - An isodicentric X-chromosome (idic(X)(pter leads to q23::q23 leads to pter)) was found in a phenotypically normal 30-year-old female with symptoms of premature menopause. A study of DNA replication revealed that in a proportion of cells there was an asymmetric pattern of replication. The region with the inactive centromere had a tendency to replicate later than the portion with the functioning centromere. PMID- 6627722 TI - Dominant ano-rectal malformation, nephritis and nerve-deafness: a possible new entity? AB - A family is presented in which ano-rectal malformation and features common to Alport Syndrome appear to be present in three generations. The possibility of a new syndrome based on a single gene defect is discussed. PMID- 6627723 TI - Cytogenetic studies of a patient with mosaicism of isochromosome 13q and a dicentric (Y;13) translocation showing differential centromeric activity. AB - A case is presented in which both an isochromosome and a dicentric translocation with differential centromere activity are found in one individual. Three karyotypes are present: 46,XY, -13, + i(13q)/45,X, -13, + psu dic(13)t(13;Y)/45,X, -13, + psu dic(Y)t(Y;13). The isochromosome 13q is found in 23% of cells in blood and 5% in skin. The dicentric (Y;13) chromosome in all of the remaining cells displays differential centromeric activity; the ratio of cells with the active 13 centromere to the active Y centromere is about 3.5:1. The formation of the isochromosome 13q was a de novo gametic event. The translocation producing the dicentric occurred after fertilization with the breakpoints at band Yq12 and the juxta-centromeric region of the isochromosome 13. The finding of differential centromeric activity in this chromosome indicates that centromere inactivation is not always permanent in a dicentric translocation. PMID- 6627724 TI - Frontonasal dysplasia, coronal craniosynostosis, pre- and postaxial polydactyly and split nails: a new autosomal dominant mutant with reduced penetrance and variable expression? AB - A case of frontonasal dysplasia with coronal synostosis, pre- and postaxial polydactyly and longitudinally split nails is described. One relative shows a bifid thumb, and several others have a longitudinally split nail and/or mild facial dysmorphy. An autosomal dominant inheritance with widely variable expression of the mutant gene is suggested. PMID- 6627725 TI - Familial pericentric inversion of chromosome 9, INV(9)(p22q32) with recurrent duplication-deletion. PMID- 6627726 TI - Macular amyloidosis associated with familial nail dystrophy. PMID- 6627728 TI - Erythema annulare centrifugum: a review of 24 cases with special reference to its association with underlying disease. PMID- 6627727 TI - A papular plaque-like eruption of the face due to naevoid sebaceous gland hyperplasia. PMID- 6627729 TI - Scleroedema of Buschke and diabetes mellitus: a report of two cases. PMID- 6627730 TI - Monilethrix treated with the oral retinoid Ro 10-9359 (Tigason). PMID- 6627731 TI - Occurrence of lichen planus in a family. Genetic susceptibility or coincidence? PMID- 6627732 TI - Eosinophilic cellulitis as a result of onchocerciasis. PMID- 6627733 TI - Isomorphic phenomenon in erythema multiforme. PMID- 6627734 TI - Favus--a report of two cases. PMID- 6627735 TI - Isolated bullous lichen planus of the nails mimicking yellow nail syndrome. PMID- 6627736 TI - Mycosis fungoides: progression towards Sezary syndrome reversed with chlorambucil. PMID- 6627737 TI - Hypogonadism with leg ulceration. PMID- 6627738 TI - Haemodynamic effects of prenalterol in acute myocardial ischaemia in open chest pigs. AB - The haemodynamic effects of prenalterol, a new sympathomimetic agent, have been studied in anaesthetized open-chest pigs with acute myocardial ischaemia provoked by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. A group of eight animals was infused with saline and served as control (C). In both groups the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery determined a significant (P less than 0.05) reduction of aortic flow, maximum left ventricular (LV) dp/dt with no changes in heart rate. The infusion of a first dose of 30 micrograms/kg of prenalterol restored the depressed haemodynamics but increased significantly the heart rate in the prenalterol group while the saline infused group did not show any significant changes. The haemodynamic effects of prenalterol were still evident 25 min after the infusion. The subsequent administration of a second dose of 60 micrograms/kg of prenalterol resulted in a further improvement of the aortic flow, LV dp/dt and heart rate which reached values higher than in the basal condition. The positive inotropic effect was not associated with changes in stroke volume, therefore the increase in aortic flow was essentially due to an increase of the heart rate. It is concluded that prenalterol is a powerful inotropic agent in acutely infarcted animals. Its action on aortic flow appears to be related to an increase in heart rate in contrast to some previous observations. PMID- 6627739 TI - Blood pressure and its relationship to low levels of alcohol consumption. AB - The association between average weekly alcohol consumption and blood pressure was studied in relation to age, adiposity and smoking in 13 535 men and 7385 women. There was a progressive increase in blood pressure with increasing alcohol consumption, even at low levels of consumption. PMID- 6627740 TI - Elevation of blood pressure in hypertensive rats after lesioning serotonin nerves in the dorsomedial medulla oblongata. AB - The possibility that serotonin (5HT) nerve endings in the dorsomedial medulla oblongata participate in the control of blood pressure was investigated in stroke prone hypertensive rats and in normotensive rats. 5HT nerves were destroyed by injecting 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine bilaterally into the solitary tract nucleus. Immunohistochemical and biochemical examination revealed a selective loss of 5HT nerves throughout the dorsomedial medulla with little damage in adjacent regions. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate, measured at daily intervals, were similar in lesioned and sham-operated normotensive rats. However, in the hypertensive rats, blood pressure was substantially elevated at 6-9 days after the lesions compared with sham operations. There were no accompanying changes in heart rate. PMID- 6627741 TI - Erythrocyte cation fluxes in normal and hypertensive human subjects. AB - Intracellular cation concentrations ([Na]i, [K]i) and influxes of 22Na and 86Rb were determined in the erythrocytes of hypertensive and control groups of subjects. In both groups [Na]i showed a positive correlation with frusemide resistant Na influx and was inversely correlated with ouabain-sensitive Rb influx, whereas [K]i was inversely correlated with frusemide-sensitive Na influx (FSNaI). No significant differences between groups were found in [Na]i, [K]i or frusemide-resistant Na influx. FSNaI was greater in males than females. FSNaI was slightly greater (P less than 0.06) in the hypertensive group, but the significance of the difference diminished with sex-matching. Ouabain-sensitive Rb influx was increased in the hypertensive group. PMID- 6627742 TI - Endogenous vasopressin modulates the baroreflex sensitivity in rats. AB - The effect of endogenous vasopressin on the baroreceptor reflex has been examined by comparing baroreflex function in Brattleboro rats with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus (DI rat) with that in Long-Evans rats (LE rat). Baroreflex function was assessed in conscious unrestrained rats during increases in blood pressure with phenylephrine. The slope of the baroreflex function line in LE rats [(19.0, s.e.m. = 1.4) X 10(-4), n = 34] was significantly steeper than that in DI rats [(6.9, s.e.m. = 0.6) X 10(-4), n = 44, P less than 0.0001]. A subpressor infusion of arginine8-vasopressin (2 ng/kg per min for 2 h i.v.) and an equidose of DDAVP caused bradycardia and increased the baroreflex function slope significantly. Acute volume expansion in DI rat did not change the baroreflex sensitivity. A specific vasopressin vascular receptor antagonist, d(Ch2)5Tyr(Me)AVP, did not alter the baroreflex sensitivity in LE rats. These results suggest that endogenous vasopressin is an important physiological regulator of the baroreflex sensitivity in normal rats. PMID- 6627743 TI - Cardiovascular effects of stimulation of neurones within the 'defence area' of the hypothalamus and midbrain of the rabbit. AB - In anesthetized rabbits, electrical stimulation applied at many sites within the medial hypothalamus and dorsal midbrain elicited a skeletal muscle vasodilatation. Vasodilator responses were only elicited by microinjections of glutamate ions (which excite only cell bodies) into a much more restricted region: the periaqueductal grey (PAG) in the midbrain, and the ventromedial nucleus in the hypothalamus. The results suggest that cell groups within the PAG and ventromedial nucleus are capable of generating skeletal muscle vasodilatation, which is characteristic of the 'defence reaction'. At other sites within the 'defence area', the cardiovascular response to electrical stimulation arises from axons of passage. PMID- 6627745 TI - Evidence for a functional central dopaminergic insufficiency in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - Several neuroendocrine abnormalities reported in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) suggest that the function of the dopaminergic tuberoinfundibular tract is impaired in this strain. SHR were pretreated with the peripheral acting inhibitor of dopa decarboxylase, carbidopa, or vehicle. Intravenous injection of L-dopa, the precursor of dopamine, lowered blood pressure only in the carbidopa treated SHR suggesting a central dopamine action. Intracerebroventricular injection of dopamine in SHR lowered blood pressure towards normal. The data are in agreement with the hypothesis that SHR have a functional central dopaminergic insufficiency. PMID- 6627744 TI - Intense vasoconstriction and bradycardia evoked by stimulation of neurones within the midbrain ventral tegmentum of the rabbit. AB - Electrical stimulation of sites in the midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the lateral hypothalamic area of the anaesthetized rabbit elicited intense vasoconstriction and profound bradycardia. The same effects were elicited by microinjections of glutamate ions into the VTA but not the lateral hypothalamic area. Following baroreceptor denervation, the bradycardic component of the response was greatly reduced, but the vasoconstrictor component was unaffected. It is concluded that the cardiovascular response is generated by excitation of a cell group within the VTA, but within the hypothalamus the response arises from excitation of axons of passage. PMID- 6627746 TI - The quantitation of arterial elasticity from Doppler flow measurements. AB - The pattern of phasic pressure and flow in an artery is related to the components of the impedance of that artery and hence to its compliance. Phasic patterns of velocity in peripheral arteries have been recorded by using continuous wave ultrasound Doppler flowmeters coupled to high-speed spectrum analysers; this has enabled display of the stored spectral ensembles as 'sonograms'. Simultaneous recordings at proximal and distal sites in each limb of a variety of subjects were made under standard resting conditions; characteristic patterns of change in the sonogram are recognized where gross abnormalities of arterial anatomy are present. A technique is under development whereby the mean values of velocity for each 7.4 ms time slice are derived, smoothed, and the pulse described by standard Fourier transform analysis. The change of the waveform occurring during passage through the relevant arterial segment is then described by comparing the amplitude/frequency and time-delay/frequency plots at proximal and distal sites. Although results are at present preliminary, changes relating to age and known vascular abnormality are becoming apparent. Further development is in progress to determine the significance of these findings. PMID- 6627747 TI - The distribution of arteriolosclerosis along the arterioles in DOCA hypertensive rats. AB - The development of structural changes along the length of small arterioles (mean internal diameter 20-30 microns) was studied in uninephrectomized DOCA/salt hypertensive rats over a period of 10 weeks, by casting the arteriolar branchings in the ileum with Microfil (coloured silicone rubber). Along with a reduction in mean arteriolar diameter, irregular structural changes, manifested as focal narrowings along the arteriolar lengths, developed in the hypertensive animals, becoming most marked after 8-10 weeks. The severity of the changes appeared to be related to both the level and duration of the hypertension. The irregular nature of the changes is difficult to account for on the basis of any direct local pressure effect. PMID- 6627748 TI - The effect of ketanserin in essential hypertension. AB - Ketanserin, a 5HT2-receptor blocking drug was given to 17 patients with essential hypertension. Satisfactory control was achieved in 13 patients. Control was not as satisfactory when given once daily. There was no rebound effect when the drug was ceased. Side-effects were few. Ketanserin was a satisfactory drug to reduce blood pressure in patients with moderate hypertension. PMID- 6627749 TI - Prevention of structural arteriolar changes in DOCA hypertension with hydrallazine. AB - Structural changes in resistance vessels were studied by (a) hindquarter perfusion; and (b) planimetry of cross-sections of renal arterioles in uninephrectomized rats treated for 10 weeks with saline and either DOCA (deoxycorticosterone acetate), DOCA plus hydrallazine, vehicle plus hydrallazine or vehicle only. DOCA-treated rats developed hypertension and structural change. Addition of hydrallazine prevented both hypertension and the development of structural change. Structural arteriolar change in DOCA/salt hypertension is related to the high blood pressure or a closely associated factor rather than some other effect of DOCA. PMID- 6627750 TI - Capillary permeability in normal and hypertensive human pregnancy. AB - Capillary permeability (CP) is elevated in late normal pregnancy, when compared to postpartum values. In women with pregnancy associated hypertension (PAH), pregnancy CP levels are not different from postpartum and are less than in normal pregnancy. These changes in capillary permeability are not explained by alterations in serum albumin. PMID- 6627751 TI - Effect of sodium intake on intraerythrocyte sodium concentration in normotensive subjects and patients with untreated mild hypertension. AB - The effect of changing sodium intake for 2 weeks was studied. Twelve normotensive subjects and five patients with mild essential hypertension were given two different levels of sodium intake for 2 weeks. Overall there was no significant rise in blood pressure but all patients with hypertension had a rise in blood pressure as they went from a low to a high sodium intake. Plasma sodium was not altered but red cell sodium concentration was higher on the high sodium intake. This effect was observed in both normotensive and hypertensive people. Alterations observed in cell sodium concentration provide support for the hypothesis that increased dietary intake of sodium may induce hypertension by causing changes in cellular transport systems. PMID- 6627752 TI - Vasoactivity generated from platelets by immune complexes in pre-eclampsia. AB - Circulating immune complexes in excess of the equivalent of 20 micrograms/ml heat aggregated IgG were found in fourteen out of twenty patients diagnosed as having preeclampsia. Only six of the nineteen controls tested had similar levels of immune complexes. Recent studies have established that concentrations of heat aggregated IgG in excess of 20 micrograms/ml activate human platelets to release sufficient concentrations of vasoactive agents to constrict a human blood vessel in vitro. It is therefore suggested that in vivo platelet activation by circulating immune complexes may release sufficient concentrations of vasoactive agents to contribute to the hypertension in pre-eclampsia. PMID- 6627753 TI - Pressor effect of moderate alcohol consumption in man: a proposed mechanism. AB - Ingestion of alcohol was associated with a highly significant increase in systolic blood pressure and heart rate which occurred before the blood alcohol reached its peak concentration of 16.9 (s.e.m. = 1.1) mol/1. Drinking non alcoholic cold liquids caused a marked but transient fall in adrenaline and a rise in noradrenaline concentration. Alcohol prevented this fall in adrenaline and led to a sustained increase in noradrenaline concentration. These changes may be implicated in the elevation of blood pressure associated with alcohol consumption. PMID- 6627755 TI - Proceedings of the Australian Society for Medical Research. Annual meeting, 12-15 December 1982, Canberra, ACT. PMID- 6627754 TI - Pharmacokinetics of an osmotically controlled delivery indomethacin preparation in normal volunteers. AB - Indomethacin is still used commonly for the treatment of rheumatic diseases but is associated with side effects, particularly headache, in a number of patients. A controlled or sustained release formulation of indomethacin might provide lower peak plasma levels and thus reduce side effects while still maintaining adequate plasma levels to control pain and inflammation. In this single dose crossover study, normal volunteers received the new formulation of indomethacin (Indocid GITS 6/85) fasting or with a standard meal, indomethacin 75 mg with a standard meal or indomethacin 25 mg three times daily with a standard meal. Plasma concentration data showed that peak plasma levels were reduced but the area under the plasma concentration curve was not significantly different between the four treatments. PMID- 6627756 TI - Radioimmunoassay for immunoglobulin G autoantibody on the surface of mouse erythrocytes. AB - A radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the determination of autoantibody on the surface of erythrocytes from New Zealand Black (NZB) mice is described. This method was adapted to hemagglutination plates in order to facilitate the separation of bound and unbound 125I-labeled rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulin G with an automated cell harvester. Intra- and interday precision, over the useful quantitative range of the standard curve, was 3.9 and 12.9%, respectively. The RIA was five to ten times more sensitive than the direct antiglobulin test which, unlike the RIA, provided little quantitative information on a group of 20 experimental NZB mice. This is publication number 562 from the Department of Basic and Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Medical University of South Carolina. PMID- 6627757 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus in childhood: clinical manifestations and improved survival in fifty-five patients. AB - A retrospective review of 55 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (45 girls and 10 boys) under age 18 (median age of onset; 12.2 years) seen at the Children's Hospital Medical Center (Boston, Mass.) over the past 20 years was done. Clinical presentation was similar to previous series, but atypical presentation was common. Certain unusual presentations (such as isolated hematopoietic abnormalities) often occurred and delayed diagnosis for years in some cases. The frequency of ARA clinical classification of SLE was different in children as compared to adults. We observed depression of lymphocyte count in many patients and encountered elevations of hepatic enzyme levels in others. Of the 55 patients reviewed, 9 have died and 8 have been lost to follow-up. Of the rest, 21 have mild to moderate disease and 17 have inactive or minimally active SLE, after a median length of follow-up of 8.8 years. In severe cases, using either corticosteroids and/or cytotoxic agents, a favorable prognosis was obtained. Our cumulative 5- and 10-year survival of 92 and 85%, respectively, equals or exceeds that of previous reports of childhood SLE. PMID- 6627758 TI - Endogenous inhibition of autologous lymphocyte antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. AB - Previous reports have indicated that prostaglandins can inhibit certain immune mechanisms, particularly mitogen responsiveness and cell-mediated cytotoxicity of virus-infected or tumor cells. In this study an endogenous self-inhibitory mechanism for antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) with normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells is described. This inhibition could be abrogated by the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor indomethacin or by removing nylon wool-adherent cells but not platelets. ADCC inhibition was restored by adding exogenous PGE1, PGE2, or supernatant fluid from cultured plastic-adherent mononuclear cells. In contrast, supernatant fluid from adherent mononuclear cells cultured with indomethacin was not inhibitory for ADCC. These results suggest that peripheral blood mononuclear cells contain adherent cells, probably monocytes, which produce prostaglandins that inhibit the ADCC effector activity of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes. This may explain, in part, the wide variability of ADCC effector cell activity that has been reported previously. Monocyte proportions and/or activity may have profound effects on tests of ADCC effector cell activity in various disease states. PMID- 6627759 TI - Characterization of blood mononuclear cells of rheumatoid arthritis patients. II. Depressed PPD presentation by monocytes to T lymphocytes. AB - Purified blood monocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were significantly less capable of presenting purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) to autologous lymphocytes than monocytes from patients with osteoarthritis, degenerative spine diseases, or healthy controls. Since lymphocytes from RA patients exhibited a normal response to soluble PPD or concanavalin A, the lowered T-cell reactivity had to be attributed to a diminished antigen-presenting capacity of monocytes. Several reasons may be responsible for this altered monocyte function in rheumatoid arthritis: a shift of monocytes to subpopulations expressing less Ia-like antigens, an inherent monocyte disorder, or a "preactivation" of monocytes associated with a reduced antigen-presenting capacity. PMID- 6627761 TI - Passive transfer of arthritis by purified anticollagen immunoglobulin: localization of 125I-labeled antibody. AB - Intravenous administration of purified 125I-labeled anti-type II collagen immunoglobulin results in a polyarthritis in the recipient rats. Whole-animal radioautography indicates that the antibody is present in the various tissues that contain Type II collagen. However, the polyarthritic lesion is limited to the front and hind paws. These observations indicate that effector mechanisms subsequent to antibody binding are involved in the pathogenesis of Type II collagen-induced arthritis. PMID- 6627760 TI - The decreased growth rate of obese strain chicken thyroid cells provides in vitro evidence for a primary target organ abnormality in chickens susceptible to autoimmune thyroiditis. AB - The obese (OS) strain of chickens develops severe autoimmune thyroiditis, whereas its progenitor, the Cornell (CS) strain, rarely does. To detect possible developmental abnormalities in the OS thyroid, CS and OS embryonic thyroid epithelia were cultured in vitro and compared in several assays for growth and DNA metabolism. It was found that OS thyroid cells incorporated less tritiated thymidine, reached lower saturation densities, and possessed a significantly longer doubling time (26.1 hr) than CS cells (17.6 hr). The decreased growth rate of OS thyroid cells correlated with their inability to condition their own media. These abnormalities in the embryonic development of OS thyroid cells were discussed in the context of factors predisposing to autoimmune thyroiditis. PMID- 6627762 TI - Renal biopsy appearances in rheumatoid disease. AB - The renal biopsies of 30 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and clinical evidence of renal disease were reviewed; only patients in whom the intravenous pyelogram was normal were subjected to biopsy, thus excluding those with papillary necrosis and chronic pyelonephritis. Tissue was studied by light, electron and immunofluorescence microscopy. There were 13 cases of mesangial change, 9 of membranous glomerulonephritis, 4 of tubulointerstitial change, 2 cases of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, 1 case of amyloid and 1 of diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis with crescents. All 9 patients with membranous glomerulonephritis but only 6 of 13 with mesangial change had received gold or penicillamine. We found no evidence of "glomerulitis" or of a rheumatoid vasculitis. PMID- 6627763 TI - Serum uric acid in mild essential hypertension. AB - The mean serum level of urate and the incidence of hyperuricemia have been found to be normal in 85 patients with untreated essential arterial hypertension without renal failure. On the contrary, the incidence of hyperuricemia has been found to be high in 36 similar patients on a low salt diet and in 19 others who received diuretics. Uricemia decreased in 55 patients on a low salt diet who received hydrazinophthalazine (hydralazine) and in 10 other patients who changed their diet from a low salt diet to a diet supplying normal amounts of salt. These results indicate that essential arterial hypertension does not cause hyperuricemia. PMID- 6627764 TI - Acute renal failure due to continuous rifampicin. AB - We describe the clinical and pathological features of acute renal failure which occurred in a patient receiving a first course of antituberculous therapy, including daily rifampicin. Renal biopsy specimens demonstrated an interstitial nephritis. The renal lesion resolved three weeks after the cessation of rifampicin, as evidenced by improvement in renal function and the return of nuclear magnetic resonance tomographic studies to normal. This is only the fifth reported instance of renal impairment following continuous rifampicin therapy, despite widespread use of the drug in a daily dose. The possible toxic interaction of rifampicin and antituberculous drugs which are excreted predominantly by the kidneys is also described. PMID- 6627765 TI - Effect of dipyridamole on proteinuria of diabetic nephropathy. PMID- 6627766 TI - Acute renal failure and treatment with sulfinpyrazone. PMID- 6627767 TI - Value of treadmill exercise test in pre- and postoperative children with valvular aortic stenosis. AB - To determine the utility of graded treadmill exercise test (ETT) in estimating severity of obstruction in postoperative patients with aortic stenosis, we compared results to a nonoperated aortic stenosis group. Cardiac catheterization was performed in all patients. The interval between surgery and ETT in the postoperative group was 7.5 years (range 1.1-12.9). Mean and range values for postoperative versus nonoperative aortic stenosis groups respectively were: age 14.5 (7.9-20.8) versus 12.5 years (5.9-19.7); peak left ventricular pressure 150 (101-190) versus 144 mmHg (100-183); peak systolic ejection gradient (PSEG) 41 (15-75) versus 38 mmHg (14-80); left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) 13.4 (7-20) versus 13.5 mmHg (8-20); and cardiac index 3.7 (2.4-5.6) versus 3.8 liters/min/m2 (2.6-4.9) (p for each = NS). ETT in the nonoperated patients correctly identified all those with PSEG greater than or equal to 50 mmHg (sensitivity 100%), but specificity was 56%, (i.e., the proportion correctly identified with PSEG less than 50 mmHg). By contrast, sensitivity and specificity for postoperative aortic stenosis patients were 67% and 63%, respectively. Furthermore, among nonoperated aortic stenosis patients ST depression on ETT identified those with increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. For LVEDP greater than or equal to 12 mmHg, sensitivity was 75% and specificity 100%, corresponding values for postoperative aortic stenosis patients were 45% and 33%, respectively. In the nonoperated aortic stenosis group with a PSEG greater than or equal to 50 mmHg, sensitivity and specificity for ETT-induced change in systolic blood pressure of less than or equal to 30 mmHg were 100% and 56%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6627768 TI - The time course in acute myocardial infarction evaluated with precordial mapping and standard ECG. AB - Fifty-six patients with acute transmural anterior wall myocardial infarction (MI) were investigated with a 24-electrode grid and 34 patients with an acute transmural inferior wall MI were investigated with standard ECG leads II, III, and aVF in order to study the length of time after the onset of pain during which the development of Q waves and reduction of R waves progress. These ECG changes continued for 18-26 h after onset of pain but the majority appeared during the first 12 h. PMID- 6627770 TI - Left ventricular dysfunction in Rocky Mountain spotted fever. AB - Rocky Mountain spotted fever is a serious infectious disease that continues to occur with increasing incidence in various areas of the United States. A high case-fatality ratio (11%) persists in spite of availability of adequate chemotherapeutic agents, and the cardiac involvement may play an important role in the final outcome of some cases. To assess the effect of the disease on left ventricular function 13 patients underwent M-mode echocardiographic examination on admission to a children's hospital. Increased left ventricular dimension was found in 3 patients and decreased left ventricular shortening fraction in 9. Diminished mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening and increased left ventricular systolic time interval ratios were found in 8 patients and increased mitral valve E point to ventricular septal separation in 9. One patient died and biventricular dilatation with diffuse myocarditis was seen at autopsy. Repeat echo examination was available in 11 patients at follow-up (mean 5 months). Abnormal E mitral point to ventricular septal separation remained in 4 patients and decreased left ventricular shortening fraction in 2. The long-term prognosis for this group is unknown. Myocardial involvement is frequently present in Rocky Mountain spotted fever; close monitoring and aggressive therapeutic approach are essential if the high case-fatality ratio is to be reduced. PMID- 6627769 TI - Intravenous verapamil therapy in imminent myocardial infarction. AB - We studied 16 patients with small myocardial infarction who had further episodes of chest pain with ST-segment elevation, a sign of transmural myocardial ischemia and imminent infarction extension. Coronary angiography in 14 showed a critical lesion in 13. Intravenous verapamil abolished chest pain and ST-segment elevation. It caused a fall in right atrial and left ventricular end-diastolic pressures (LVEDP) and cardiac output, reflex systemic vasoconstriction, and a rise in systemic vascular resistance. There was no reflex tachycardia. Volume expansion raised LVEDP and restored a normal cardiac output. Accelerated junctional rhythm with isorhythmic A-V dissociation occurred in 5 patients. Two patients sustained a transmural infarction, 10 underwent coronary artery bypass grafting, and 4 are symptom-free with oral treatment. Intravenous treatment was an effective method of treating acute episodes of transmural myocardial ischemia and preventing their recurrence in patients with critical coronary artery narrowing. Continuous verapamil infusion stabilized the patients' condition and enabled smooth coronary angiography and induction of anesthesia for surgery. PMID- 6627771 TI - High dose intravenous streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Early recanalization of infarct-related coronary arteries has been attempted in 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and angiographically proven total occlusion by brief high dose intravenous streptokinase infusion (IVSK). In 24 patients (60%) recanalization was achieved after 48 +/- 14 min of IVSK at an infusion rate of 30,000 to 40,000 IU/min (group A), in 16 patients there was a late (greater than 2 h) or no recanalization (group B). The total dose of SK was 1.7 +/- 0.48 Mio IU in group A and 1.74 +/- 0.41 Mio IU in group B, the time from the onset of symptoms to peak myocardial enzyme of creatine phosphokinase (CKMB) 11 +/- 3 h in group A and 22 +/- 6 h in group B (p less than 0.001). Biplane left ventricular ejection fraction increased from 55 +/- 9% at the time of acute angiography to 58 +/- 10% after 14 to 24 days in group A (p less than 0.1) and decreased from 49 +/- 11 to 41 +/- 11% in group B (p less than 0.005). There were four reocclusions in group A, two could be reopened by i.v. urokinase (1 Mio IU over 30 min). During a follow-up period of 18 +/- 8 months one patient in group A died from an early ventricular rupture 2 hours after recanalization, and one patient in group B from heart failure 7 months after IVSK. There was no serious bleeding or other complication related to IVSK. We conclude that IVSK is an effective and safe means of early recanalization of coronary thrombosis in AMI, and feasible in the majority of patients with AMI. PMID- 6627772 TI - Serial ambulatory monitoring in patients with unstable angina pectoris. AB - We performed a prospective study by dual-channel ambulatory monitoring performed for 24 to 72 hours immediately after hospitalization for unstable angina. The incidence of ST-segment depression or elevation or ventricular tachycardia or complex premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) in 42 consecutive patients with unstable angina due to coronary artery disease (39 by coronary arteriography) was investigated. During ambulatory monitoring, 28 of 42 patients (67%) exhibited ST segment depression or elevation, 13 of 42 patients (31%) had ventricular tachycardia or complex PVCs, and 31 of 42 patients (74%) had either ST-segment depression or elevation, ventricular tachycardia, or complex PVCs. Ventricular tachycardia or complex PVCs occurred in 10 of 20 patients (50%) with abnormal left ventricular function and in 3 of 22 patients (14%) with normal left ventricular function (p less than 0.025). We found that 72 hours of ambulatory monitoring was not more useful than 48 hours in detecting the incidence of ST segment depression or elevation, ventricular tachycardia, or complex PVCs. Ambulatory monitoring did not help in clinically differentiating patients with left main or 3-vessel disease from 1-vessel or 2-vessel disease. In addition, ambulatory monitoring did not help in predicting which patients with unstable angina would require coronary artery surgery. PMID- 6627773 TI - Coronary artery disease in diabetic and nondiabetic patients: a clinical and angiographic comparison. AB - A comparison of data from 58 diabetic and 58 nondiabetic patients with arteriographic evidence of coronary artery disease showed that diabetic patients had a significantly greater frequency of major stenoses in the intermediate coronary artery segments but no significant differences in the proximal or distal segments. Thus, the diabetic patients did have more severe coronary disease, but the diabetic group did not have "more distal" disease as represented by the number of major or minor lesions in the distal segments. The diabetic patients had a significantly greater frequency of electrocardiographic intraventricular conduction defects and manifestations of left ventricular dysfunction. There was no significant difference in the severity of coronary artery disease between the diabetic patients with manifestations of myocardial decompensation and the diabetic patients without such manifestations, suggesting that the increased frequency of myocardial dysfunction in diabetic patients may be related to factors other than the greater severity of coronary artery disease. PMID- 6627774 TI - Congestive heart failure in valvular heart disease in pregnancies with and without valvular prostheses and anticoagulant therapy. AB - The course and complications of pregnancies in 46 patients with valvular disease and congestive heart failure with or without valve prostheses are described. In group I consisting of 33 women without valve replacement and without anticoagulant therapy one thromboembolic event was seen, emergency closed or open heart surgery was necessary five times. One still-birth happened after open heart surgery. In group II, of 13 patients with prosthetic valve replacement and anticoagulation therapy there was no thromboembolism, but 2 spontaneous abortions and 2 premature stillbirths; 2 fetuses died after delivery, 3 had congenital abnormalities. Pregnancies in patients with valvular disease and congestive heart failure can be sustained relatively safely for the mother, even if emergency heart surgery becomes necessary. Heart surgery and anticoagulation treatment carry a higher risk for the fetus. Uterine blood loss is not increased, if coumadine treatment is switched to heparin administration shortly before delivery. PMID- 6627775 TI - Massive hemorrhagic necrosis of the spinal cord in metastatic cord compression. AB - A fusiform longitudinal hemorrhagic necrosis of the spinal cord is described in a patient with spinal cord compression caused by metastases from an adenocarcinoma of the prostate. The lesion extended from the D3 down to L2 level with maximal involvement of the D7-D8 segments. The shape, location, and distribution of the lesion and its prominent hemorrhagic component corresponded to Jellinger's category of cylindrical liquefaction necrosis, probably due to venous obstruction. The multiple thrombi found in epidural veins supported such a pathogenic mechanism, which although extremely rare has been reported previously in five cases. PMID- 6627776 TI - An unusual brainstem capillary telangiectasis in a child. AB - This case report concerns a brainstem telangiectasis that mimicked a tumor causing progressive neurologic symptoms over a period of 6 years prior to death. Intravascular coagulation within the malformation leading to localized ischemia is proposed as the mechanism for the apparent growth of the lesion. PMID- 6627777 TI - Adult-onset rapidly progressive spinal muscular atrophy of shoulder girdle with gammopathy. AB - The paper reports on clinical and pathologic findings in a 51-year-old man who presented with rapidly progressive spinal muscular atrophy associated with relatively early respiratory paralysis. Clinical diagnosis was based on typical EMG, and bioptic and enzyme findings. In the CSF protein and cell content were normal, the IgG concentration was high, the IgG/Alb quotient increased, intrathecal synthesis of IgG was evident, and oligoclonal gammopathy was found. All of these findings generally appear in neuroallergic diseases. Total loss of anterior-horn cells, demyelination of fasciculus cuneatus and spinothalamic pathways, as well as round Lafora-body like inclusions, preponderantly in the white matter, were observed with light microscopy. Electron microscopic examination revealed reoviruses in the glia cells of the damaged motor zone. PMID- 6627778 TI - Fibrous long-spacing collagen in the perineurium of human sural nerve. AB - Banded structures are reported to occur in the thickened perineurium of four normal human sural nerves (material from autopsy cases: one female and three males between 64 and 90 years old; three died of secondary complications of atherosclerosis, one died from cerebral contusion after an accident). The structures were found adjacent to typical perineurial cells as well as to fibroblast-like cells, and in association with an increased amount of basement membrane material. The pathologic significance of these structures is briefly discussed. PMID- 6627779 TI - Giant cerebral lacuna due to dilatation of the perivascular space: a case report. AB - The case of an asymptomatic giant cerebral lacuna situated in the left subputamenal region is reported. This lacuna was due to a dilatation of the perivascular space surrounding the lenticulostriate arteries at their entrance into the lenticular nucleus. This giant cavity was asymptomatic; however, the patient suffered from an atheromatous polyarteriopathy involving not only the arteries of the lower limbs and the coronary arteries but also both internal carotid arteries. PMID- 6627780 TI - Pick's disease of early onset with neurologic symptomatology, rapid course, and nigral-striatal degeneration. PMID- 6627781 TI - External fixation for arthrodesis of the knee and ankle. AB - In a series of 74 knee and ankle arthrodeses the Vidal-Adrey quadrilateral mounting of the Hoffmann device was employed for arthrodesis of the knee in 50 cases. Union occurred in 80%. The union rate was highest (86.2%) when arthrodesis was attempted for infection after total knee arthroplasty. The complication rate was 24%. Most of the complications were related to pin sites. In eight patients knee arthrodesis was performed by multiplanar pin insertion and external fixation with either the Hoffmann or Fischer device; union occurred in all patients; pin site infection occurred in one. In 13 tibiotalar arthrodeses a modified quadrilateral frame was utilized, sparing the subtalar joint; union occurred in all of these cases. For tibiocalcaneal arthrodesis, attempted in five patients, a triangular mounting based on pins placed through the tibia, calcaneus, and metatarsals was necessary. Union occurred primarily in four of the five patients. This study indicates the superiority of multiplanar pin insertion for knee arthrodesis for treatment of failed total knee arthroplasty. The use of larger pins manufactured from relatively nonreactive metal alloys seems to decrease the incidence of pin site problems. PMID- 6627782 TI - Complications of external skeletal fixation. AB - External skeletal fixators (ESF) have a reputation for causing problems. Effective solutions exist for some of these problems. Delayed union can be avoided by accurate reduction, early bone grafting, and early removal of the ESF. Nerve and vessel injury can be avoided by special attention to the anatomy of the lateral arm and forearm, the upper medial thigh, and the junction of the third and fourth quarters of the leg. Pin tract infections continue to haunt ESF systems but are minimized by special attention to necrosis of tissue at the pin skin and pin-bone interfaces. Undue soft tissue or bone motion can be reduced by bulky pin wraps placed over mobile soft tissue area and by use of threaded rather than smooth pins. PMID- 6627783 TI - Open fractures of the tibia treated by the Hoffmann external fixator. AB - In a prospective study 40 consecutive patients with open tibial fractures were treated by the Hoffmann external fixator; the follow-up period was 18 months. All fractures were irrigated, debrided, and fixed rigidly with the Vidal-Adrey modification of the Hoffmann device as soon as the patients' condition allowed. The wounds were left open, to be closed secondarily with skin grafts, muscle flaps, and other plastic surgical procedures. The 40 wounds were all classified as Gustilo's Type II or III in relation to soft tissue damage; 36 injuries were due to motor vehicle accidents and four to gunshot wounds. At the 18-month follow up examination there had been five amputations and five nonunions had healed after bone grafting; in addition, five patients had persistent pin drainage. Pin site drainage (80%) was the most common problem, but most cleared after removal of the fixator and five after curettage of ring sequestra. There was a high number of associated surgical procedures (2.4% per patient) related to the open fracture. At the 18-month follow-up examination bony healing was noted in all patients. PMID- 6627784 TI - Zielke instrumentation (VDS) for the correction of spinal curvature. Analysis of results in 66 patients. AB - Sixty-six patients who underwent anterior spinal fusion with Zielke instrumentation for thoracolumbar and lumbar curvatures were reviewed. Results compared favorably with reported series in which the Dwyer instrumentation system was used. The best corrections were obtained in the idiopathic single-curve group (45% correction of upper curve, 87% correction of lower curve, and 95% correction of instrumented curve) as compared with the double-curve group (33% correction of upper curve, 53% correction of lower curve, and 62% correction of instrumental curve). Vertebral body lateral translation (subluxation) was completely corrected in 87% of the patients. Instrumentation kyphosis can be prevented by placement of anterior wedge grafts in the intervertebral spaces. Complications were frequent but usually insignificant. The use of the Zielke instrumentation system offers the advantage of improved ability to derotate the spine while obtaining significant curve correction in a short fusion area. PMID- 6627785 TI - Long-term effect of Boston brace treatment on renal function in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. AB - The long-term effects of Boston brace treatment on renal function were studied in 20 patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Renal function was tested by clearances of inulin and para-aminohippurate sodium (PAH) when the brace was first applied as well as after four and 12 months of brace treatment. Each function test was performed without and with the brace. The glomerular filtration rate decreased when the brace was first applied, was unchanged after four months, and increased after 12 months. Renal plasma flow decreased when the brace was first applied but was unchanged after four and 12 months. Urinary sodium excretion decreased to values lower than those of control subjects when the brace was first applied, but an adaptive increase was noted after four and 12 months of brace treatment. The acute effects of brace application were observed even after four and 12 months of treatment; an increase in urinary sodium excretion was found when the brace was removed. PMID- 6627786 TI - Two-stage resection and spinal stabilization for aneurysmal bone cyst. A report of two cases. AB - Two cases of aneurysmal bone cyst of the dorsal lumbar spine are presented with four- and seven-year follow-up periods. The lesion in each case involved the vertebral bodies and posterior elements and extended to contiguous bony structures. Both anterior and posterior staged procedures were required for maximal excision, rendering the spine extremely unstable at the involved levels. Anterior strut grafting with autogenous iliac bone was done during the first stage after the vertebral bodies had been curetted. Three weeks later the remaining dorsal elements and associated tumor were removed through a posterior approach, and the spine was stabilized with the Harrington compression distraction system and posterior autogenous iliac crest grafts. Both patients were neurologically normal after operation, and the spines in both were stable and solidly fused. Both have remained symptom-free and have had no evidence of recurrence. PMID- 6627787 TI - Spinal stenosis caused by a Harrington hook in neuromuscular disease. A case report. AB - In a 22-year-old woman with an unspecific congenital myopathy spinal stenosis developed 11 years after a T4-L5 spinal fusion. A slowly progressive lumbosacral lordosis developed, and the Harrington hook at L5 tilted into the canal, eroded the dura, and pressed on the nerve roots. Removal of the hook and fusion of L5-S1 relieved the symptoms. PMID- 6627788 TI - Sciatic nerve entrapment secondary to trochanteric wiring following total hip arthroplasty. A case report. AB - In an 81-year-old woman the sciatic nerve was inadvertently penetrated with the trochanteric wire and incorporated into the trochanteric wiring during trochanteric attachment in total hip arthroplasty through a transtrochanteric approach. Immediately after operation, the patient had a sciatic palsy. Exploration of the wound revealed that the nerve had been entrapped in the trochanteric wiring mechanism. Despite release of the nerve and neurolysis, symptoms persisted, and the patient had a complete sciatic palsy that has not recovered. The technical aspects of total hip arthroplasty utilizing trochanteric osteotomy should include internal rotation of the femur during insertion of trochanteric wire so that the posterior aspects of the hip joint and the femoral shaft can be fully observed. Similarly, all wire should be free of any soft tissue prior to twisting and tightening. Patients awakening with profound and immediate sciatic involvement should be explored early to determine the cause as well as to alleviate any possible impingement that might interfere with the prognosis of this very serious injury. PMID- 6627789 TI - Comparison of Charnley and T-28 total hip arthroplasty. AB - A retrospective review of a matched series of 40 Charnley and 40 T-28 total hip arthroplasties was performed. The mean follow-up period after surgery was 5 1/2 years. The clinical status and detailed radiographic appearance were carefully evaluated prior to operation, two months after operation, and at the final follow up examination. The clinical results were similar. The Charnley femoral components tended to be positioned in a more valgus orientation than the T-28 prostheses by 2.2 degrees (p less than 0.02). After operation, the patients with T-28 prostheses had larger leg-length discrepancies than the patients with Charnley prostheses (p less than 0.01). Calcar resorption was not significantly different between the two groups, nor were subsidence of the femoral components and migration of the acetabular components. A collared T-28 femoral component has little clinical advantage over a noncollared prosthesis with respect to calcar resorption and femoral component subsidence. PMID- 6627790 TI - Pedicle graft epiphysis transplantation. AB - Transfer of a graft taken from the iliac crest apophysis of 48 immature dogs was studied as a means of repairing an epiphysiodesis constituting more than 50% of the growth plate area. Four groups of dogs were studied. In Group I the graft was pedicled on the superficial circumflex iliac vessels and reimplanted in situ. In Group II the pedicled graft was transferred to the groin area as an island graft. These two control groups demonstrate the conservation of growth activity when the graft is pedicled on its epiphyseal vessels. In Group III the graft was transferred to the distal epiphyseal area of the femur after resection of the portion of the growth plate (approximately 2/3) located inside the perichondrial ring, with conservation of 80% of the outer portion of the cylinder. Microsurgical revascularization was achieved by using the saphenous vessels. In Group IV (the control group for Group III) the latter technique was used without revascularization. Roentgenography was performed for nine months after operation. The specimens were studied by tetracycline labeling and histologic and histochemical examinations. Results indicate that a well vascularized graft functions as a dynamic catalyst for regeneration of the resected portion of the growth plate and prevents the formation of bony bridges between the epiphysis and metaphysis by possible activation of the peripheral groove of Ranvier. PMID- 6627791 TI - Comparison of mechanical performance in four types of external fixators. AB - The Hoffmann-Vidal triangular apparatus for fracture fixation of the femur, the Volkov-Oganesian device with Steinmann pins in tension, the Kronner device with a plastic elliptic frame, and the Roger-Anderson apparatus (both standard and compression-distraction designs) were studied based on loading and analytic methods established previously. The results were compared with those for the standard Hoffmann-Vidal quadrilateral configuration. The Kronner device, with five connecting bars, was the stiffest under most loading modes, closely followed by the Hoffmann-Vidal quadrilateral apparatus. The standard Roger-Anderson device demonstrated average rigidity; its new design with compression-distraction capability was relatively weak. All devices showed an apparent weakness in antero posterior bending. The Volkov-Oganesian design demonstrated low overall stiffness but was the most effective apparatus in resisting anteroposterior bending. External fixators provide effective compression at the fracture site, and the amount of compression is proportional to the stiffness of the apparatus. PMID- 6627792 TI - Pathologic effects of vaccinia virus on rabbit bone and marrow. An experimental study. AB - Although viruses have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of Paget's disease and Perthes' disease, little information is available regarding bone and marrow response to the presence of a noncarcinogenic virus. Vaccinia virus was introduced into the medullary cavity of the femoral shaft of 30 New Zealand White rabbits, and an appropriate control inoculation was performed. Virus was recovered from the inoculation site in 50% of the animals at intervals to one month after inoculation. Histologic abnormalities were observed in 69% of the test femora; similar abnormalities were not observed in the control femora. These abnormalities consisted of bone and marrow necrosis, lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration, and new bone formation. Some of the newly formed bone was also necrotic. The latter observation suggests an alternative mechanism for the death of new bone, which, in Perthes' disease, has customarily been attributed to repeated ischemic insults. PMID- 6627793 TI - Healing of canine femoral osteotomies. Effects of compression plates versus Eggers' plates. AB - The effects of rigid self-compressing plates were compared with the effects of less rigid internal contact splints on the healing characteristics of osteotomized canine femora. Radiographically, the rigid fixation afforded by the compression plate produced accelerated healing as compared with the less rigid fixation obtained with splints at two to four months. At six months there was little or no difference between the two groups. Comparison of the material biomechanical properties of the healing femora suggested that the repair tissue formed early after compression plating was stronger than the callus tissue that surrounded the less rigidly fixed femora. A comparison of the structural biomechanical properties of the bones suggested, conversely, that a stronger whole bone resulted from the less rigid fixation splint. The histomorphometric data showed that some cortical bone was lost under both types of fixation plates. However, the patterns of loss were not comparable. Use of rigid internal fixation led to loss of cortical bone after four to six months, while the less rigid fixation obtained with the Eggers splint produced mild intracortical resorption only. These observations point to the desirability of rigid internal fixation early in the healing process and the possible benefit of decreasing the rigidity of the fixation device as healing proceeds. PMID- 6627794 TI - Mechanical and functional properties of implanted freeze-dried flexor tendons. AB - Tendons harvested from donor dogs were freeze-dried and implanted as free allografts in the paws of recipient experimental animals; the tendons were subsequently tested for mechanical properties, clinical function, and histologic appearance. Free tendon autografts, normal tendons in the operated experimental paw, and normal tendons in the unoperated paw were used as controls and compared with the allografts. Mechanically, the free tendon allografts and autografts were similar. The ultimate strength of the two grafts was statistically the same but significantly less, about one-third, than that of normal tendons. The implanted allografts appeared to be tolerated well by the host and to allow flexor tendon function similar to that allowed by autografts. The histologic appearance of the allograft and autograft tendons was similar at three and six months. Freeze-dried flexor tendon allografting is a satisfactory alternative to free tendon autografting. PMID- 6627795 TI - Skeletal stabilization with a multiplane external fixation device. Biomechanical evaluation and finite element model. AB - The general question of the influence of fracture stability on bone healing remains unanswered and has important bearing on fracture stabilization by external fixation. The stiffness of an external fixator is dependent on pin placement and frame orientation. These parameters are under the surgeon's control, within limits set by soft tissue injury and fixator design. Fixator configuration parameters include common fragment pin separation, common fragment pin angle, common fragment pin number, effective pin length, use of transfixing pins versus half-pins, and use of two versus three connecting rods. Each configuration parameter was varied independently under compressive, bending, and torsional load to determine the influence of that parameter on fracture stability under such loads. The interaction between these configuration parameters is complex. In general terms, fracture site stability may be increased by increasing common fragment pin separation, placing common fragment pins orthogonal to one another, increasing common fragment pin number, decreasing effective pin length, using transfixing rather than half-pins, and using as many connecting rods as possible. The difference between fracture site stability attainable with transfixing pins and with half-pins may be minimal if implementation of the other parameters combined with half-pins is optimized. PMID- 6627797 TI - Skeletal stabilization with a multiplane external fixation device. Design rationale and preliminary clinical experience. AB - A multiplane circumferential frame solves many of the technical, biomechanical, physiologic, and psychologic problems connected with external skeletal fixation. Predrilling of pins, uniplane adjustment capabilities, and titanium and aluminum alloy materials provide adaptability, adjustability, and compatibility. Preliminary clinical trials show multiplane half-pin fixation to the tibia to be adequate and uniquely applicable to complicated open fractures in severely injured limbs. PMID- 6627796 TI - External fixation of distal radial fractures. AB - Results with four different external fixation frames were analyzed in a consecutive series of 100 unstable distal radial fractures of the Colles type. Overall, the numbers of good to excellent results, range of motion, and incidence of complications were similar for each group. Quadrilateral frame fixation of unstable distal radial fractures provides effective immobilization and produces good to excellent results in 86% of patients. PMID- 6627798 TI - Open tibial shaft fractures. AB - A change in the management of open tibial shaft fractures provided an opportunity for comparative study. One series of patients was treated nearly exclusively by conservative methods and compared with another series treated by external skeletal transfixation (EST). The latter method was found to be superior. In spite of a number of pin tract infections, EST led to a significantly shorter healing time and fewer pseudarthroses. EST had no effect on the duration of hospital stay. PMID- 6627799 TI - External fixation of severe open tibial fractures with the Hoffmann frame. AB - Extensive experience with stable external fixation of open tibial fractures has confirmed the observation that this method promotes healing of skin and soft tissue damage, reduces the risk of infection, and facilitates the treatment of patients with multiple injuries. In cases of very severe open fractures the method seems to be the treatment of choice and can reduce the frequency of amputation. Recently, complete long-term follow-up results showed that healing times can be reduced if the period of rigid external fixation is reduced. Functional end results after stable external fixation compare favorably with results of internal fixation with AO plates. PMID- 6627800 TI - Use of the Hoffmann external fixator in the treatment of femoral fractures. AB - The Hoffmann external fixator has proved to be an effective means of stabilizing complex femoral fractures in patients in whom prolonged traction or internal fixation is not advisable. It provides for the prompt mobilization of multiple trauma victims and assists in the evaluation of the "floating knee." Pin tract infections and lack of stability or adaptability of the frame are not major problems. Increased risks of delayed union or nonunion are often attributed to this mode of therapy. Within the limits of the present study these difficulties could not be directly related to the use of the fixator. In four patients nonunions were not unexpected and could have occurred with any form of therapy. Improved results may be achieved by earlier recognition of situations in which healing potential is compromised so that bone grafts may be applied at an early stage for prevention of nonunion. PMID- 6627801 TI - General principles and techniques of external skeletal fixation. AB - The general techniques for using external fixators are demanding, regardless of the specific fixator selected. Attention to detail is absolutely essential if maximum advantage of the device is to be gained and potentially serious complications are to be minimized. The initial treatment of the condition for which the external fixator is chosen must be considered first: irrigation, debridement, and reduction of the severe, open fracture; drainage, debridement, and sequestrectomy of the infected fracture or nonunion; removal of the components and cement in the infected failed arthroplasty, etc. Primary treatment in these and other conditions must be appropriately administered prior to fixator application. Fixator type, frame and pin configuration and application, care of the fracture, and maintenance of the fixation appliance are discussed. PMID- 6627802 TI - Radiocolloid redistribution and multiple splenic infarcts in myelofibrosis. AB - A 66-year-old man has myelofibrosis with radiocolloid demonstrated splenomegaly and shift of activity to the sudden spleen. Four months later, he experienced sudden left-sided paid. A repeat radiocolloid study showed a marked change. The spleen was represented by only a few functional areas with several photopenic regions. Radioactivity was now principally present in the liver, with considerable uptake in the vertebral marrow and lungs. The splenic lesions were multiple acute infarcts. Sudden loss of the spleen's ability to extract radiocolloid was likely, followed by utilization of reticuloendothelial cells in the liver, bone marrow and lungs. PMID- 6627803 TI - Unusual causes for abnormal hepatobiliary scans. AB - Cholescintigraphy with Tc-99m iminodiacetic acid (IDA) agents has proved to be a convenient, non-invasive method for evaluating patients with suspected cholecystitis. (1,2) We recently examined two patients who were being evaluated for abdominal pain. The etiology of the two abnormal cholescintigrams was later proven to be due to nonhepatobiliary pathology. PMID- 6627805 TI - Loose knee prosthesis. Detection by scintigraphic arthrography. PMID- 6627804 TI - Transient loss of femoral head Tc-99m diphosphonate uptake with prolonged maintenance of femoral head architecture. AB - Nine pediatric patients presented with synovitis and suspected Legg-Perthes disease, hemarthrosis, acute slipped capital femoral epiphysis, prolonged traumatic hip dislocation, or transcervical femoral fracture. All had hip scintigraphs that showed loss of Tc-99m diphosphonate uptake in the affected femoral head. Radiographic changes associated with aseptic necrosis failed to appear during the initial follow-up period of three to 14 months. Repeat scintigraphy showed complete revascularization in six cases and partial revascularization in two. Reambulation at 1.5 to eight months after presentation was accomplished without recurrence of pain in seven cases, without development of x-ray changes in 5 cases. Three children developed x-ray changes associated with avascular necrosis after reambulation, while one child had minimal x-ray changes. Some children with loss of uptake in the femoral head do not develop x ray changes associated with aseptic necrosis. PMID- 6627807 TI - Splenic tissue simulating adrenal mass. PMID- 6627806 TI - Image correlation. Budd-Chiari Syndrome. PMID- 6627808 TI - Sequential Indium-111 leukocyte imaging in a patient with ulcerative colitis. PMID- 6627809 TI - Interindividual variations in drug disposition. Clinical implications and methods of investigation. PMID- 6627810 TI - Multiple-dose non-linear regression analysis program. Aminoglycoside dose prediction. AB - The ability of a new multiple-dose non-linear regression analysis program to predict steady-state aminoglycoside peak and trough serum concentrations was evaluated. 30 patients receiving either amikacin (7), gentamicin (10) or tobramycin (13) were studied. A standard method of prediction which requires the collection of 3 or 4 serum samples during a dosing interval and a predictive method which relies upon population-based estimates of pharmacokinetic parameters were compared with the new approach which requires the collection of 2 serum samples. There were no significant differences between the methods which utilised serum concentration data with regard to predictive precision (mean prediction error of about 10%). These methods were more precise than the population-based method (p less than 0.01, mean prediction error 29.1%). None of the methods produced biased estimates. These results indicate that when the regression program is employed, valid estimates of pharmacokinetic parameters and prediction of steady-state serum concentrations can be obtained with fewer serum samples than have been recommended. PMID- 6627811 TI - Ocular presentation of sarcoidosis in children. AB - Ocular manifestations of sarcoidosis in children are the second most common occurrence after hilar adenopathy and pulmonary abnormalities. We present the case history of a 14-year-old black boy who presented with redness of the left eye, blurred vision, and decreased visual acuity. He was subsequently diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. All patients with uveitis or ocular findings suggestive of sarcoidosis should have a through medical examination and a chest x-ray. Those suspected of or proven to have sarcoidosis should have a complete ophthalmological examination. Sarcoidosis in children appears to be more frequent than previously estimated. PMID- 6627812 TI - Incidence of acute rheumatic fever. A suburban community hospital experience during the 1970s. AB - The incidence of acute rheumatic fever has declined remarkably in the past three decades, but the disease has not been eradicated, as some physicians believe. This study documents the diagnosis of the disease in 23 middle-class children from Fairfax County, Virginia, during the 11-year-period from 1970 through 1980. This county has one of the highest median family incomes in the United States. The annual age-adjusted incidence rate of initial attacks of acute rheumatic fever per 100,000 Fairfax County children declined from 3.0 in 1970 to 0.5 in 1980. In six of the 23 children, carditis accompanied by monarticular arthritis or arthralgia was present. Another seven children had carditis plus polyarthritis. Two patients had Sydenham's chorea. None of the children had erythema marginatum or rheumatoid nodules. In two children, symptoms of acute rheumatic fever developed two weeks after they finished a 10-day course of penicillin for Group A streptococcal pharyngitis. The remaining 21 children had not been considered ill enough to be brought to medical care prior to development of symptoms of acute rheumatic fever. PMID- 6627813 TI - Where has all the rheumatic fever gone? An editorial commentary. PMID- 6627814 TI - PKU and temperament. Rating children three through seven years old in PKU families. AB - Parents of children with PKU completed behavior rating forms for their children three through seven years old. The 25 completed forms represented 79 percent of the families contacted; 16 of the children had PKU and 9 were siblings of children with PKU. Of the 16 children with PKU, 15 were on phenylalanine restricted diets at the time of the study. The children with PKU were rated as significantly more rhythmic, more intense, and less persistent than the siblings without PKU. When ratings were compared with those obtained from a private pediatrics practice, children with PKU were significantly less persistent and the siblings were significantly less rhythmic and less intense. There was a significant correlation between blood phenylalanine levels and persistence ratings, with children having higher blood levels tending to be rated as less persistent than children having lower blood levels. PMID- 6627815 TI - Tooth enamel erosion from vomiting treated with an acrylic sealant. PMID- 6627816 TI - Malignant lymphoma presenting with nonoliguric renal failure. AB - Nonoliguric renal failure was observed as a presenting complaint in a 14-year-old boy with a malignant lymphoma. The diagnosis was made by a renal biopsy, and the renal failure was treated successfully with peritoneal dialysis while the lymphoma was being treated with radiotherapy. PMID- 6627817 TI - Near-fatal Kearns-Sayre syndrome. A case report and review of clinical manifestations. AB - The Kearns-Sayre syndrome is a relatively uncommon condition which occurs in childhood and is characterized by neurologic dysfunction and abnormalities in atrioventricular (AV) conduction. The high mortality rate is directly attributable to the cardiovascular manifestations of this syndrome. We report a case, with documentation of a "near-fatal" episode, and review the pertinent clinical features of the syndrome. PMID- 6627818 TI - Influence of propranolol and 4-hydroxypropranolol on platelet aggregation and thromboxane A2 generation. AB - We examined in vitro effects of propranolol and its major metabolite, 4 hydroxypropranolol, on human platelets. Both propranolol and its 4-hydroxy metabolite had no significant direct effect on either platelet aggregation or TXA2 generation in therapeutic concentrations. Higher concentrations (greater than or equal to 10 micrograms/ml), however, reduced both parameters of platelet function. When propranolol and 4-hydroxypropranolol were incubated in combination with platelets in equal concentrations, there were synergistic effects on platelet aggregation and TXA2 generation. Neither propranolol nor 4 hydroxypropranolol inhibited platelet aggregation or TXA2 synthesis in sonicated platelets at any concentration, indicating that intact platelet membrane is necessary for their action. PMID- 6627819 TI - On the combination of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blockade in hypertension. AB - A randomized double-blind crossover trial was conducted in 20 patients with moderate to severe hypertension to compare the efficacy of labetalol, which combines alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blocking properties, with that of metoprolol alone or in combination with prazosin. After placebo for 1 wk, active medication was given in two 6-wk phases. During one phase, metoprolol (100 to 400 mg/day) was given with prazosin (2 to 4 mg/day) as an option in the last 3 wk, whereas during the other phase, labetalol (200 to 1000 mg/day) was given alone. Satisfactory control of supine blood pressure was obtained in 10 patients with metoprolol and in another four patients after the addition of prazosin. During the labetalol phase, blood pressure control was achieved in 11 of 19 patients tested. Gastrointestinal disturbances, nasal congestion, impotence, failure to ejaculate, scalp tingling, and headache were more prevalent in the labetalol phase than in the other. In four cases these occurred in patients who did not require prazosin. Supine, erect, and exercise pulse rates were reduced by both metoprolol with or without prazosin and by labetalol; the effects were less in the labetalol phase. These differences could arise from an action of labetalol on cardiac presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors. Adjunctive use of prazosin in nonresponders to metoprolol increases the response rate and avoids unnecessary deployment of alpha-adrenoceptor blockade in patients whose blood pressure can be controlled by beta-blockade alone. PMID- 6627820 TI - Cotinine disposition and effects. AB - Cotinine is the major metabolite of nicotine in man. We studied cotinine disposition kinetics in 28 healthy habitual cigarette smokers. Eight subjects received cotinine fumarate, 4 micrograms base/kg/min IV for 60 min. Mean (+/- SD) metabolic clearance was 60 +/- 12 ml/min and mean renal clearance was 12 +/- 5 ml/min, averaging 17% of total clearance. Steady-state volume of distribution was slightly greater than body weight (mean 88 +/- 17 l). Terminal t 1/2 averaged 15.8 +/- 4.0 hr in these eight subjects and 19.7 +/- 6.5 hr in another 12 subjects who abstained from smoking for 3 days. The effect of urinary acidification and alkalinization on renal clearance of cotinine during cigarette smoking was studied in another group of eight subjects. Compared with baseline (mean urinary pH 5.8, renal clearance 12.3 +/- 5.9 ml/min), renal clearance was increased about 50% by urinary acidification (pH 4.4, clearance 18.6 +/- 10 ml/min), but it was not affected by alkalinization (pH 6.7, clearance 14.0 +/- 10.4 ml/min). Infusion of cotinine to blood concentrations seen in moderately heavy smokers had no effect on heart rate, blood pressure, or skin temperature, measures that are sensitive to effects of nicotine. No spontaneous subjective effects were reported. We conclude that, at levels to which cigarette smokers are generally exposed, cotinine exerts no cardiovascular activity and weak, if any, psychologic activity. PMID- 6627821 TI - Effects of caffeine on cigarette smoking and subjective response. AB - We examined the effects of oral caffeine on cigarette smoking and subjective response in a group of six smokers who smoked cigarettes ad libitum in a naturalistic laboratory environment. A within-subject, repeated-measures design was used, and each subject received placebo, caffeine base (50 to 800 mg), or d amphetamine sulfate (25 mg) on several occasions before 90-min daily smoking sessions. There was no evidence of an increase in the number of cigarettes smoked or the amount of smoke inhaled per session after caffeine. Caffeine increased salivary caffeine concentrations, arm tremor, and self-reported measures of mood and subjective response. The major subjective effects of caffeine were increases in tension-anxiety and dysphoric-somatic effects. In contrast, d-amphetamine induced increases in the number of cigarettes smoked and in the amount of smoke inhaled per session. The major subjective effects of 25 mg of d-amphetamine were increases in measures of well-being, euphoria, and mental efficiency. Results demonstrate that caffeine and d-amphetamine have different effects on cigarette smoking behavior as well as on subjective response and suggest that the positive correlation between cigarette smoking and coffee drinking is not the result of a simple pharmacologic effect of caffeine. PMID- 6627823 TI - Vancomycin kinetics during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - To establish therapeutic guidelines for vancomycin usage in patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), we studied single-dose kinetics of vancomycin in CAPD patients. Vancomycin was studied after a 10-mg/kg dose was given intravenously (VAN-IV) or intraperitoneally (VAN-IP). VAN-IV provided a plasma concentration above 10 mg/l at 12 hr, with a t 1/2 of 81 hr. When VAN-IP was given, 65% was absorbed; peak plasma concentrations were only 6.3 mg/l, and t 1/2 was 66 hr. CAPD accounted for only 15% to 17% of total body clearance in both groups. The kinetic principle of superposition was used to predict plasma concentrations after repeated VAN-IP doses. A model with once-a-day dosing predicted that a loading dose of 30 mg/kg followed by 7 mg/kg would achieve steady-state plasma concentrations of 11 to 14.8 mg/l. Another model with vancomycin in each exchange predicted that a loading dose of 30 mg/kg followed by 1.5 mg/kg would provide plasma concentrations in excess of 10 mg/l at 180 hr. These data should be useful in vancomycin treatment of CAPD patients who have nonperitoneal gram-positive bacterial infections, as well as those who have peritonitis. PMID- 6627822 TI - Abuse potential of halazepam and of diazepam in patients recently treated for acute alcohol withdrawal. AB - Thirty men recently treated for alcohol withdrawal were enrolled in a three-way crossover double-blind study with a balanced incomplete block design. Patients received single doses of three of the following: halazepam, 320 mg; halazepam, 160 mg; diazepam, 40 mg; diazepam, 20 mg; and placebo. The doses of the drugs were approximately equivalent in anxiolytic effect. Patients rated themselves at baseline, 30 min after, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 hr after drug on the following: euphoria, sedation, "drug-liking," "feeling the drug," and drug identification. By 30 min both diazepam groups reported increases in euphoria, sedation, and feeling and liking the drug; halazepam groups reported little subjective change at 30 min, and at 1 hr subjective effects did not differ from placebo on any scale. At 2 and 3 hr, both halazepam doses induced subjective effects on several scales, but peak effects were lower than peak effects of high diazepam doses. Unlike diazepam, the higher halazepam dose did not appear to induce greater effects than the lower dose. At peak, more of the diazepam group correctly identified the drug than those in the halazepam groups. More in the halazepam groups identified it as placebo than either diazepam group. To the degree that abuse potential is related to peak intensity and to time of onset of those subjective effects described as pleasant or likable, halazepam should have a lower potential for abuse than diazepam. PMID- 6627824 TI - Intravenous cyclosporine kinetics in renal failure. AB - Kinetics of the novel immunosuppressive cyclosporine were determined in four patients with terminal renal failure. After a short intravenous infusion (2.05 to 3.5 mg/kg in 4 hr), blood and plasma concentrations were measured (HPLC and radioimmunoassay [RIA] up to 36 hr. After infusion, concentration curves of the drug were characterized by a rapid initial fall (t 1/2 alpha 0.10 +/- 0.03 hr), followed by a biphasic elimination phase with corresponding t 1/2s of 1.08 +/- 0.25 hr (t 1/2 beta) and 15.8 +/- 8.4 hr (t 1/2 gamma). The volumes of distribution, calculated from whole blood concentrations (HPLC), were 0.140 +/- 0.48 l/kg (volume of the central compartment) and 3.49 +/- 2.65 l/kg (volume of distribution at steady state), whereas systemic clearances were 0.369 +/- 0.08 l/hr/kg. Blood levels measured by RIA exceeded the HPLC values after the fourth hour by up to 100%, indicating the production of cross-reacting cyclosporine metabolites. Plasma concentrations were considerably lower than in whole blood. Elimination of unchanged cyclosporine in patients with renal failure appears to be of the same order as in those with normal kidney function. Modification of the initial dosage regimens is therefore probably not required. PMID- 6627825 TI - Netilmicin and gentamicin multidose kinetics in normal subjects. AB - Multidose netilmicin and gentamicin kinetics were studied in 20 healthy subjects who received 1.7 mg/kg gentamicin (n = 10) or netilmicin (n = 10) as a 20-min infusion every 8 hr for 10 days (28 doses) during a randomized, double-blind comparative trial designed to study adverse effects and kinetics of netilmicin and gentamicin. Multidose kinetics were of the same order for gentamicin and netilmicin with the exception of the terminal plasma t 1/2 (94 and 156 hr) and the volume of distribution at steady state (450 and 1072 ml/kg). Mean peak plasma concentrations of netilmicin were slightly lower than gentamicin. Percentage of the dose eliminated in urine did not differ for the two aminoglycosides. Aminoglycoside was detectable in plasma and continued to be eliminated in urine for at least 6 days after the final dose. The plasma concentration-time profiles for both netilmicin and gentamicin were well fitted with the sum of three exponential terms; urinary excretion rates-time plots showed biexponential decay. None of the subjects had any auditory, vestibular, or renal toxicity. Although the data confirm a deep tissue compartment, they suggest that the kinetic processes involved may be more complex than previously supposed. PMID- 6627826 TI - Oral absorption and concentration-effect relationship of tyramine with and without cimoxatone, a type-A specific inhibitor of monoamine oxidase. AB - The mechanism of increased sensitivity to oral tyramine in patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors was investigated by measurement of plasma norepinephrine and tyramine with a reversible, monoamine oxidase form A selective inhibitor, cimoxatone. In the first open study, the pressor activity of 80 mg oral tyramine after cimoxatone was of the order of that of 800 mg without the drug. In a second double-blind study, the equivalent tyramine dose was between 400 and 800 mg. Absorption of unmetabolized tyramine increased in the presence of cimoxatone. Peak plasma concentration of tyramine after an 80-mg dose was approximately three times that of placebo when given after cimoxatone. The plasma tyramine concentration required to induce a similar pressor effect averaged 130.5 ng ml-1 without pretreatment and 17.4 ng ml-1 after cimoxatone in the open study. Another plasma concentration, 16.4 ng ml-1, elicited a lower pressor effect in the double-blind study. The increased sensitivity to oral tyramine has two components: decreased presystemic clearance in the gut wall and increased sensitivity to circulating tyramine. The tyramine dose required to induce a pressor effect after cimoxatone is relatively higher than after irreversible inhibitors such as phenelzine. This may reflect the dose of cimoxatone used, the activity of monoamine oxidase form B (MAO-B) in the gut and liver or displacement of the predominantly reversible and predominantly competitive inhibitor, cimoxatone, from the enzyme by a high local tyramine concentration. PMID- 6627827 TI - Effects of size and frequency of oral doses of charcoal on theophylline clearance. AB - The effect of size and frequency of oral doses of activated charcoal on theophylline kinetics was studied. Six fasting, healthy men received intravenous infusions of aminophylline (6 mg/kg) over 1 hr, followed by either no activated charcoal as a control, 5 gm activated charcoal every 2 hr for 6 doses, 10 gm every 2 hr for 6 doses, 10 gm every hr for 12 doses, 20 gm every 2 hr for 6 doses, or 40 gm every 4 hr for 3 doses. Five grams every 2 hr decreased serum theophylline t 1/2 from the control of 9.1 +/- 0.7 to 5.6 +/- 0.4 (SE) hr and decreased the AUC from the control of 123 +/- 11 to 79 +/- 6 mg X hr/l. The regimen of 20 gm every 2 hr further decreased theophylline t 1/2 to 4.3 +/- 0.4 hr and decreased AUC to 62 +/- 6 mg X hr/l. When a 120-gm dose of activated charcoal was given as a regimen of 40 gm every 4 hr or as a regimen of 10 gm every hr, there were small differences in serum theophylline t 1/2 (5.4 +/- 0.3 and 4.3 +/- 0.2 hr) and in AUC (73 +/- 5 and 60 +/- 4 mg X hr/l). Repeated small doses of oral activated charcoal enhanced the total body clearance of theophylline, and larger doses induced a relatively small further increase. There was little difference between the effects of the same total dose every 4 hr vs every hour. PMID- 6627828 TI - Influence of uremia, hemodialysis, and nonesterified fatty acids on zomepirac plasma protein binding. AB - Zomepirac binding to plasma of uremic patients before hemodialysis and to that of healthy subjects was compared. Unbound zomepirac in plasma of uremic patients averaged 3.7% to 4.0% of the 14C-zomepirac added (0.2, 2, and 20 micrograms/ml). This was more than the percentage of unbound zomepirac observed when the same 14C zomepirac concentrations were dialyzed against plasma from healthy subjects (mean 1.3% to 1.4%). Plasma albumin from uremic patients appeared to have lower apparent binding affinity for zomepirac. Oleic, stearic, and palmitic acids, when added to plasma at concentrations of 2.0 mM, markedly reduced zomepirac free fraction, but, there were no significant differences between uremic and normal plasma in total nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations after equilibrium dialysis. Thus, plasma NEFAs do not contribute to the differences in zomepirac plasma binding between normal and uremic plasma. Hemodialysis increased zomepirac binding to plasma of uremic patients, but NEFA concentrations were also increased in hemodialyzed plasma. Enhanced zomepirac binding by NEFAs could not be differentiated from other effects of hemodialysis, such as the removal of endogenous inhibitors of drug plasma protein binding. The binding of zomepirac was not affected by its three known metabolites: zomepirac glucuronide, hydroxyzomepirac, and 4-chlorobenzoic acid. PMID- 6627829 TI - Imipramine serum protein binding in healthy subjects. AB - Imipramine serum protein binding was measured by equilibrium dialysis in healthy subjects (88 women and 57 men; age 21 to 79 yr) who were relatively evenly distributed according to age, sex, smoking habits, and oral contraceptive use. Average free fraction was 10.9 +/- 1.4%. Interindividual variation in degree of binding was less than 100%, the free fraction varying from 8% to 14.7%. Women age 30 to 39 yr had significantly lower binding than all other female age groups and lower binding than men age 30 to 39 yr. Oral contraceptive use and smoking habits did not correlate to degree of binding. Serum concentrations of 12 proteins were measured in subjects with the highest binding (n = 17) and lower binding (n = 18). The concentration of orosomucoid, complement C3c, and apolipoprotein B was higher in the high-binding group than in the low-binding group. Since covariation among concentrations of these three proteins was modest, the data indicate a separate significance of the three proteins. The binding of 3H-imipramine did not correlate with the albumin concentration. PMID- 6627830 TI - Quinidine saliva concentrations: absence of correlation with serum concentrations at steady state. AB - Serum and saliva quinidine concentrations were measured in eight subjects with cardiac arrhythmias on various dosage regimens. There was good correlation between serum and saliva quinidine concentration after a single dose, but there was no such relationship after repeated dosing. Comparison of the area under a hysteresis loop, obtained by plotting the saliva/serum quinidine concentration ratio as a function of serum quinidine concentration over a dosing interval, indicated an exponential increase with increasing mean serum quinidine concentration. Salivary quinidine concentration predictions based on the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation did not correlate with the serum quinidine concentration under the steady-state conditions. These data suggest that quinidine concentration in saliva is not a direct reflection of its serum concentration in cardiac patients on maintenance (steady-state) therapy and hence not useful for therapeutic drug monitoring. PMID- 6627832 TI - Symposium on aesthetic neck lift. PMID- 6627833 TI - Concepts of neck lift. AB - Traditional skin-tightening or neck-lifting has been and still is a satisfactory method for correcting an unsightly neck. In cases of fatty neck, prominent platysmal bands, or both, additional measures must be employed if the defects are to be corrected. Excellent techniques have been developed in the past several years to correct these defects but are not without their own problems. A more conservative approach to the platysma has been used satisfactorily, but in all cases the patient should be appraised of the anatomic problems and provide some input into the approaches used. PMID- 6627831 TI - Ibuprofen and acetaminophen kinetics when taken concurrently. AB - We evaluated kinetics of ibuprofen and acetaminophen taken concurrently by 20 healthy adults in a randomized crossover design. Steady-state blood levels of ibuprofen and acetaminophen were measured by gas-liquid chromatography and HPLC. There were no significant differences in any of the ibuprofen serum concentrations, but there were differences in acetaminophen serum concentrations in 5 of 19 sampling times. When bioavailability and kinetic parameters for both drugs were compared, there were no significant differences. Our data demonstrate that steady-state kinetics of ibuprofen and acetaminophen are not changed when taken concurrently. PMID- 6627834 TI - Neck lift. Simplified surgical technique, refinements, and clinical classification. PMID- 6627835 TI - Posterior auricular nerve preservation, double chin leveling, and earlobe reimplantation during neck lifts. PMID- 6627836 TI - Direct alternatives for neck skin redundancy in males. AB - The problem of redundancy of tissue of the neck, often called "turkey gobbler neck," can be corrected satisfactorily without performing a traditional face- neck lift (Fig. 4). This can be achieved with a vertical excision of skin, resection of fat, Z-plasty to the medial platysmal edges, and skin closure in a Z fashion. This operation is limited to males who distinctly prefer not to have a face-neck lift and is done only after description of the resulting scar which, because of its direction and location, has not been obtrusive. PMID- 6627837 TI - SMAS-platysma facelift. A bidirectional cervicofacial rhytidectomy. AB - The technique of SMAS-platysma facelift has been reviewed. The deep layer lift with the SMAS-platysma myocutaneous flap of the anterior neck and lower face facilitates correction of submental deformities without the necessity of direct approach with a submental incision. Wide superficial undermining of the upper and mid-cheek skin which is pulled laterally for correction of the nasolabial fold achieves a bidirectional facelift. The author's experience over six years with 460 patients who had a SMAS-platysma facelift indicates that the operation can be performed safely with a low incidence of complications. PMID- 6627838 TI - The platysma muscle. Anatomic considerations for aesthetic surgery of the anterior neck. AB - Our current principles for the treatment of anterior neck deformities originally evolved from cadaver dissections and clinical observations. These principles have been applied over the past seven years in nearly 100 patients. We combine as indicated submandibular lipectomy, excision of the submental fat pad, chin implantation, creation or tightening of the platysma muscular sling, and skin tightening and resection. The muscular sling is created or tightened anteriorly by approximation or imbrication of the platysma muscle in the midline. Skin is removed posteriorly, utilizing a complete or lower facelift incision. Using these techniques, we have not found posterior tightening of the platysma muscle or the creation of platysma flaps to be necessary, although we would certainly use them if other alternatives were ineffective. PMID- 6627839 TI - Superficial fascia rhytidectomy. A restoration of the SMAS with control of the cervicomental angle. AB - The surgical correction of an anatomic defect should re-establish the normal relationship of the tissues which contribute to the defect and restore or improve function. When the repair of the anatomic defect is not maintained, it may be necessary to alter the tissues to accomplish a more lasting result. Restoration of the SMAS cephalad to the cervicomental angle by superficial fascia rhytidectomy with a complete transverse resection of a segment of the platysma muscle at the level of the cervicomental angle fulfills the criteria of the young face by improving the function and contours of the face (changes that are characteristic of aging). PMID- 6627840 TI - Observations on cervical rhytidectomy-platysmaplasty. PMID- 6627841 TI - Surgical correction of aesthetic contour problems of the neck. PMID- 6627842 TI - One surgeon's experience with surgical contouring of the neck. PMID- 6627843 TI - Complications of cervicofacial rhytidectomy. PMID- 6627844 TI - Long-term study of complications of neck lift. PMID- 6627845 TI - Study of the electrophysiological effects of early or subendocardial ischaemia with intracavitary electrodes in the dog. AB - The early electrophysiological patterns of regional subendocardial ischaemia were studied by using the paced endocardial evoked response and simultaneous endocardial monophasic action potential recordings in 16 experiments in open chested dogs. Ischaemia was produced by transient (1-3 min) coronary artery occlusion. Regional subendocardial isochaemia caused asynchronous activation due to differential conduction delay and shortened repolarization as evaluated by the duration of the paced evoked response from 175 +/- (SD) 18.7 ms to 167 +/- 16 ms (P less than 0.001). These changes occurred within 60 s of occlusion and reversed rapidly after release of the occlusion. In simultaneous endocardial monophasic action potentials there was a decrease in plateau amplitude and the duration of repolarization shortened from 180 +/- (SD) 21.2 ms to 167 +/- 20.4 ms (P less than 0.001). The delay in endocardial activation after 2 min ischaemia was 5.5 ms, which is considerably shorter than the conduction delay previously reported in the subepicardial layers. The calcium-channel blocking drug verapamil (infused at 0.4 mg/kg) altered the rate at which shortening of repolarization and asynchronous activation occurred during ischaemia in six experiments. These experiments suggest that intracavitary electrodes could provide earlier and more sensitive detection of regional subendocardial ischaemia and may permit the assessment of therapy on the early electrical changes in the intact heart. PMID- 6627846 TI - General and regional haemodynamic effects of intravenous ergotamine in man. AB - The effect of intravenous ergotamine on general (blood pressure and cardiac output) and regional (splanchnic, renal and muscular) haemodynamics was studied immediately and 3 h after administration in seven male volunteers. Also plasma catecholamines were determined. An increase in blood pressure with a peak just after administration was observed. The cardiac output was unchanged and the pressor effect of ergotamine was due to an increase in total peripheral resistance. Plasma noradrenaline decreased 65% at the peak of the pressor effect whereas plasma adrenaline was unchanged. Hepatic blood flow decreased 34% just after ergotamine administration and was normal after 3 h. Renal blood flow decreased by 29 and 19%. Calf blood flow was unchanged. These results suggest that different vascular beds in man react differently to ergotamine. PMID- 6627848 TI - Sequential studies of oxalate dynamics in primary hyperoxaluria. AB - We have measured the total plasma clearance, renal clearance and equilibrium distribution volume of [14C]oxalate, and the urinary oxalate excretion rate and plasma oxalate levels at approximately 6 months intervals for up to 2.5 years in five patients with primary hyperoxaluria. The renal clearance and distribution volumes of [99mTc]DTPA (diethylenetriaminepenta-acetate) were measured simultaneously to provide estimates of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and extracellular fluid volume (ECF). The same measurements were made on each of five normal volunteers. Clearances and distribution volumes were measured with a modified single injection technique. The oxalate clearance was two to three times the simultaneously measured GFR in the patients and control subjects. The renal clearance of oxalate was less than the total plasma clearance in the patients. The oxalate distribution volume was approximately 1.5 times the ECF in both the patients and controls. Only small changes were observed over a 2.5 years period in these particular patients. The plasma oxalate concentration was derived from the urinary oxalate excretion rate and the plasma [14C]oxalate clearance. It was raised in the patients. The oxalate removal rate was derived from the total plasma clearance and the plasma oxalate concentration. PMID- 6627847 TI - Effects of free radical scavengers on renal circulation after ischaemia in the rabbit. AB - The intrarenal erythrocyte distribution, total renal blood flow and renal vascular resistance were studied before and during recirculation after 60 min of warm ischaemia in three groups of rabbits. One group was pretreated with superoxide dismutase, another with catalase and the third group was not pretreated at all. In non-pretreated ischaemic kidneys there was a significant trapping of labelled erythrocytes in the outer stripe of the medulla. This trapping was not seen in non-ischaemic control kidneys and was completely prevented by pretreatment with either superoxide dismutase or catalase. In non pretreated ischaemic kidneys there was a transient increase in total renal blood flow during the first 5 min of recirculation, after which it returned to preischaemic values. After pretreatment with catalase the postischaemic increase in blood flow was more pronounced but again the blood flow returned to preischaemic values within 30 min. Pretreatment with superoxide dismutase resulted in a rapid postischaemic increase in blood flow which remained high throughout the 30 min period studied. The renal vascular resistance decreased initially during recirculation after ischaemia in both pretreated and non pretreated kidneys. In the latter it returned to pre-ischaemic values within 10 min whereas a slower increase was observed after catalase pretreatment. After pretreatment with superoxide dismutase the resistance remained low during the 30 min recorded. PMID- 6627849 TI - Biochemical analysis of hepatic lipid in alcoholic and diabetic and control subjects. AB - Percutaneous needle biopsy specimens of liver were obtained from alcoholic, diabetic and control patients. Micro-methods of lipid separation and quantification were employed to determine the detailed nature of hepatic lipid. Triglyceride is the major accumulating liver lipid in both alcoholic and diabetic patients. Cholesteryl ester levels were raised in both alcoholic and diabetic patients but only diabetic patients had significantly increased free cholesterol and phospholipid levels. Determination of phospholipid/free cholesterol ratios revealed a significant decrease in alcoholic cirrhosis compared with controls. Fatty acid ester analysis of hepatic phospholipid and triglyceride revealed significant differences between alcoholic patients and controls but not between diabetic patients and controls. An increased ratio of non-essential/essential fatty acids was found in the patients with alcoholic liver disease whereas those of diabetic patients were similar to the controls. PMID- 6627850 TI - Influence of age on pulmonary haemodynamics at rest and during supine exercise. AB - To determine the effects of age on the pulmonary circulation at rest and on exercise we analysed the results of right heart catheterization studies performed in 125 asymptomatic subjects aged 14-68 years, who were healthy or had indispositions which did not impair cardiac or pulmonary function. Age accounted for less than 10% of total variation in resting values of right atrial, pulmonary artery and wedge pressures, and of cardiac output. The pulmonary artery-wedge pressure gradient and flow resistance at rest significantly increased with age. On exercise there were significant increases with age in right atrial, pulmonary artery and wedge pressures, pulmonary to wedge pressure gradient and flow resistance, but cardiac output was not influenced by age. Pulmonary circulation variables at rest are mainly influenced by sex and size, but during exercise significant effects of age are apparent. PMID- 6627851 TI - Extracellular release of hydrogen peroxide by human alveolar macrophages: the relationship to cigarette smoking and lower respiratory tract infections. AB - It has been suggested that oxidants from pulmonary inflammatory cells may contribute to the development of emphysema by (i) direct tissue toxicity and (ii) inhibition of alpha 1-antitrypsin, thus diminishing protection of the lung from proteolytic damage. The extracellular release of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by human alveolar macrophages (AM) has been measured. AM were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage and adherence from 24 smokers and 17 non-smokers. Smokers' AM released significantly more H2O2 (3.83 nmol h-1 micrograms-1 of DNA; SEM 0.44) than those of non-smokers' (2.33 nmol h-1 microgram-1 of DNA; SEM 0.40) (P less than 0.05). AM from donors with a recent lower respiratory tract infection released increased quantities of H2O2 (5.22 nmol h-1 microgram-1 of DNA; SEM 0.72; P less than 0.01) even when allowance was made for smoking habits. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that H2O2 of AM origin contributes to the development of emphysema in smokers. PMID- 6627852 TI - Blood pressure and immunoglobulins. AB - Serum concentrations of IgG and IgM were measured in 87 hypertensive and 87 normotensive subjects, matched for age and gender, and selected from the same general population. No significant differences between these two groups were found, in contrast to some previous reports. The reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. PMID- 6627853 TI - Effects of smoking on oral fat tolerance and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. AB - Changes in serum triglyceride and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol after a fatty meal have been studied in smokers and nonsmokers. Average serum triglyceride during the study was higher in smokers than in non-smokers. In non smokers there was a rise in the HDL2/HDL3 cholesterol ratio after oral fat, but not in smokers. These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that smoking interferes with the lipolysis of triglyceride rich lipoproteins and the conversion of HDL3 into HDL2. PMID- 6627855 TI - What is a tax shelter? PMID- 6627854 TI - What should your portfolio investment return be? PMID- 6627856 TI - The hospital medical staff--1983. PMID- 6627857 TI - Futurism in medicine--"Apocalypse now" or "brave new world?". PMID- 6627858 TI - Application software: what a small office computer can do. PMID- 6627859 TI - Non-invasive fetal monitoring using radiotelemetry. AB - A telemetry system for non-invasive monitoring of fetal heart rate and uterine contractions is described. Fetal heart information is obtained by means of Doppler ultrasound, and contractions information using an external tocodynamometer. The more important features of the device are described in detail; the full design is available from the authors. Typical recordings are presented, and the fetal heart rate traces are compared qualitatively with those obtained by direct ECG measurement, with the patient in bed, sitting and walking. The device is now in clinical use. PMID- 6627860 TI - Bladder stretch during increase in abdominal pressure. AB - The circumference of single bladder projections (CBP) was estimated from oblique and lateral cystographs obtained in the supine and erect positions during both rest and straining, with and without electric stimulation of the pelvic floor. The results obtained indicate an increase of CBP and a flattening of the bladder during an increase of abdominal pressure, and a decrease of CBP during electrical stimulation. Increase of CBP means an increase in the stretching of the bladder wall, which may produce an increase in the forces in the bladder wall and hence act to open the bladder neck. The decrease of the CBP during electrical stimulation of the pelvic floor indicates that the pelvic floor support reduces flattening of the bladder and hence limits the development of the bladder wall stretch. PMID- 6627861 TI - Cardiac electrophysiological studies: computer analysis using a digitiser and interactive visual display unit. AB - Recording of localised intracardiac electrical potentials provides useful and important information on conduction disease in man. Analysis of intracardiac recordings involves measurement of large numbers of timing intervals representing the sequence of activation of the various part of the cardiac conduction system. In this paper we describe a semi-automatic computer based analysis system tailored to the specific requirements of cardiac electrophysiological measurement. A digitising tablet is used in conjunction with a visual display oriented data handling package to input data directly to computer memory for sorting and further analysis. Particular attention is paid to providing the user with a system that is simple to learn yet is robust and flexible in use. The computer software is written entirely in the high level FORTRAN language. It is modular in design and is therefore easily adapted for the changing needs of a research oriented department. PMID- 6627862 TI - Efficient, inexpensive rapid cuff inflator for venous occlusion plethysmography. PMID- 6627863 TI - A technique for the measurement of 'sucking' in bottle fed infants. PMID- 6627864 TI - Use of metoclopramide suppositories. PMID- 6627865 TI - Concomitant systemic and local amphotericin B for fungal cystitis. PMID- 6627867 TI - Gentamicin pharmacokinetic predictions. PMID- 6627868 TI - Use of bone cement containing tobramycin sulfate. PMID- 6627866 TI - Problems with asthma studies. PMID- 6627869 TI - Delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity response in patients receiving nutritional support. AB - The sensitivity and specificity of skin-test antigens were assessed, and the prevalence of anergy was determined in a group of hospitalized patients receiving aggressive nutritional therapy. All patients referred to a nutritional support service during a nine-month period were assessed for intact cellular immunity using Candida albicans, mumps, streptokinase/streptodornase, and tetanus toxoid skin tests for delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity. Some patients were retested at two-week intervals while they were receiving nutritional support. A total of 195 patients (97 men) ranging from 15 to 92 years old were tested; 68 patients received repeat skin tests. Of the 195 patients, 181 (92.8%) reacted positively to one or more antigens when tested initially; all patients (including anergic ones) who were retested reacted positively. Candida and mumps tests produced the highest percentages of positive responses (80 and 75%, respectively); the use of these two antigens concurrently produced a 92.3% response rate. Nonresponding patients to a nonresponding antigen converted to responders to that antigen upon second testing more frequently than responders converted to nonresponders. Candida and mumps skin tests detected anergy and demonstrated that immune responses were maintained and often restored by aggressive nutritional support. PMID- 6627870 TI - Steady-state theophylline pharmacokinetics during and after short-term cimetidine administration. PMID- 6627871 TI - Effect of metronidazole on theophylline pharmacokinetics. PMID- 6627873 TI - Proper use of vancomycin. PMID- 6627872 TI - Evaluation of a method for intravenous phenytoin infusion. PMID- 6627874 TI - Pharmacokinetic and microbiologic evaluation of dosage regimens for newer cephalosporins and penicillins. AB - A retrospective pharmacokinetic analysis was performed for eight newer cephalosporins and penicillins and one aminoglycoside used in treating 10 microorganisms for which the antibiotics are considered to be primary alternatives. The pharmacokinetic indices assessed were the three components of the steady-state temporal blood concentration profile: (1) the magnitude of the peak antibiotic blood level at steady state compared with the mininum inhibitory concentration (CSSmax/MIC), (2) the number of hours that the blood level is greater than the MIC during a 72-hour treatment period, and (3) the intensity index, which is a dimensionless term that reflects the contributions of both the peak serum level of the antibiotic and duration of this level above the MIC. Substantial differences were demonstrated in pharmacokinetic indices for dosage regimens used in treating specific microorganisms for which the antibiotics are considered the primary alternative agents. Moxalactam, cefoxitin, and piperacillin demonstrated the best pharmacokinetic performances for the third generation cephalosporin, second-generation cephalosporin, and newer penicillin groups, respectively. The data suggest that some antibiotics, notably moxalactam and cefotaxime, may be effective at lower doses than commonly recommended, while others, like cefoperazone, cefamandole, and azlocillin, are probably often ineffective even at high doses. PMID- 6627875 TI - Increased serum theophylline concentrations secondary to oral verapamil. PMID- 6627876 TI - Nifedipine-quinidine interaction. PMID- 6627878 TI - [Cases of typhoid fever caused by by chloramphenicol-resistant Salmonella typhi]. PMID- 6627877 TI - Hepatic dysfunction following nafcillin and cephalothin therapy in a patient with a history of oxacillin hepatitis. PMID- 6627879 TI - [Use of erythrocyte filtration in the study of diabetic vasculopathy. Therapeutic efficacy of pentoxifylline]. PMID- 6627880 TI - [Articular manifestations in septic diseases: a therapeutic concept for infectious arthritis]. PMID- 6627881 TI - [Effects of vitamin E administration on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and on hypolipoproteinemia A2]. PMID- 6627882 TI - [Anorexia nervosa and psychotherapy: current orientation]. PMID- 6627883 TI - [Totem, taboo and indications for the radiologic examination of so-called "nocturnal enuresis"]. PMID- 6627884 TI - [Dysphonia in known hypothyroidism]. PMID- 6627885 TI - [Behavior of the fibrinogen polymerization curve in patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 6627886 TI - [Psychological aspects in the therapy of diabetes]. PMID- 6627887 TI - [Therapy of hypothyroidism, goiter, and thyroiditis]. PMID- 6627888 TI - [Use of maprotiline in primary and secondary anxio-depressive syndromes in the aged]. PMID- 6627889 TI - [Possibility of the use of cerebral gangliosides in the treatment of peripheral diabetic neuropathy]. PMID- 6627890 TI - [Evaluation of a posologic scheme for the continuous intravenous administration of aminophylline]. PMID- 6627891 TI - [Adolescent psychiatry: nosography and therapy]. PMID- 6627892 TI - [Treatment of essential arterial hypertension with nadolol and bendroflumethiazide]. PMID- 6627893 TI - [Prevailing pathology in a population sample affected by neuroses]. PMID- 6627894 TI - [Report of a case of disseminated cysticercosis]. PMID- 6627895 TI - [Possible correlation between intralymphocytic sodium and plasma aldosterone]. PMID- 6627896 TI - [Modification of venous function after pharmacologic treatment. Plethysmographic study]. PMID- 6627897 TI - [Computerized epidemiologic study of bacterial infections in the resuscitation unit of the Pordenone City Hospital]. PMID- 6627898 TI - [Rehabilitative treatment of the handicapped. Work as rescue from a situation of isolation. Experience in the community of Capodarco]. PMID- 6627899 TI - [Wounds from animals bites: therapy and anti-rabies prevention]. PMID- 6627900 TI - The diagnosis and management of gouty arthritis. PMID- 6627902 TI - The management of osteoporosis. PMID- 6627901 TI - Drug therapy in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6627903 TI - Conspectus. Shedding light on the skin. PMID- 6627904 TI - Polymyalgia rheumatica. PMID- 6627905 TI - Pharmacologic treatment of juvenile arthritis. PMID- 6627906 TI - Coordinate systems in the long-term memory representation of three-dimensional shapes. PMID- 6627907 TI - The role of attentional resources in automatic detection. PMID- 6627908 TI - A comparison of the mitogenic effects of a phorbol ester on lymphocytes from bovine spleen, lymph node and peripheral blood. AB - A comparison of the mitogenic effects of a phorbol ester on lymphocytes from bovine spleen, lymph node and peripheral blood. Bovine lymphocytes from three tissues, lymph node, spleen and peripheral blood were compared for their mitogenic responses to 12-O-tetraecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a phorbol ester tumor promoter. TPA alone was found to be either not mitogenic or caused only a weak response when compared with the mitogenic lectin phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Of the three lymphocyte preparations, blood cells showed the greatest proliferative response to TPA. However, all three, lymph node, blood and spleen cells, showed a co-mitogenic response to TPA. That is, TPA synergistically enhanced DNA synthesis in cells stimulated with a suboptimal concentration of PHA. PMID- 6627909 TI - Neutralising antibodies to lumpy skin disease virus in African wildlife. AB - A total of 3445 sera from 44 different wild species collected between 1963 and 1982 in 11 African countries south of the Sahara, were examined for neutralising antibodies to Lumpy Skin Diseases (LSD) Virus (prototype Neethling). Antibodies were demonstrated in six species but were of low prevalence. It was concluded from the generally negative results, that wildlife in Africa probably does not play a very important part in he perpetuation and spread of LSD Virus. PMID- 6627910 TI - [Thymosin-testosterone interaction in spontaneous rosette formation in the baboon monkey (Papio papio)]. AB - Thymosine fraction V was shown to exert a stimulation activity on T lymphocytes from Papio papio, as determined by E. Rosette and active E. Rosette formation. Testosterone inhibited this effect of thymosin. PMID- 6627911 TI - An occurrence of Newcastle disease in pigeons: virological and serological studies on the isolates. AB - The antigenic and pathogenetic relationship between pigeon Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates during outbreaks of 1982 in Italy and reference pathogen and non-pathogen NDV-strains were investigated. The pigeon-isolates were slow-eluters and showed a thermostability at 56 degrees C of over 30 min. They proved to be lentogenic as measured by the mean-death-time in chicken-embryos, and between lentogenic and mesogenic as measured by the Hanson test. They failed to produce plaques in chicken-embryo-fibroblasts and showed high pathogenicity for experimentally infected pigeons, low-pathogenicity for quails and were not pathogenic for chickens. They were antigenically different from the LaSota strain as measured by the cross-HI-test and induced considerable seroconversion in inoculated animals. The existence of a lentogenic neurotropic pigeon-pathogenic strain was considered. PMID- 6627912 TI - Accuracy of computer measurements of QRS duration using spatial magnitude- agreement with human readers. AB - The beginning and end of the QRS complex in the ECG are often poorly defined, leading to poor agreement between measurements of QRS duration made by computer and human readers. In the spatial magnitude tracing, on the other hand, definition of QRS onset and offset points is less ambiguous. In 50 normal subjects, 345 QRS durations were measured by computer and visually. The correlation coefficient between the two methods was 0.93; the typical discrepancy was less than 3 msec. For a series of 100 inpatients, similar results were obtained even though one of the human readers was unfamiliar with the spatial magnitude display. Although the spatial magnitude is obtained from vectorcardiographic xyz signals, it could be derived from three simultaneous ECG leads, and applied to computer programs analyzing the 12-lead ECG. PMID- 6627913 TI - Utterance and pause lengths and frequencies in oral readings by superior esophageal speakers and by normal speakers. PMID- 6627914 TI - Computer simulation of the cardiac conduction system. AB - A discrete computer model simulating the operation of the cardiac impulse transmission apparatus and the electropotential changes of the heart musculature has been developed on a NORD-100 minicomputer. The model is written in NORD FORTRAN and allows description of practically all basic pathologies of the transmission apparatus. A simulated ECG curve is produced in each case. The current version of the model is especially suited for studies of heart rhythms. Pacemaker descriptions (of most important pacemaker types) have been introduced into the model and the computer computations make it possible to assess the effects of different pacemaker modes under different pathological situations. The principles on which the model is based is described and the paper shows concisely several examples in the form of simulated ECG records. PMID- 6627915 TI - Psychiatry in the People's Republic of China. PMID- 6627916 TI - Life events and social supports in families with a two-year-old: methods and preliminary findings. PMID- 6627917 TI - Platelet MAO activity in depression. PMID- 6627918 TI - Specialization in psychiatry: what determines the medical student's choice pro or con? PMID- 6627919 TI - Suicide in depressives. PMID- 6627921 TI - The sensitizing potential of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate in the guinea pig. AB - The sensitizing potential of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate in the guinea pig could be demonstrated by Freund's Complete Adjuvant Test. This acrylate ester is a common constituent of adhesive tape. Allergic reactions to several brands of adhesive tape were not observed in 2-ethylhexyl acrylate sensitized animals. Cross reactions with other acrylic monomers were observed. PMID- 6627920 TI - Phototoxicity from furocoumarins (psoralens) of Heracleum laciniatum in a patient with vitiligo. Action spectrum studies on bergapten, pimpinellin, angelicin and sphondin. AB - Investigations on light reactions in a patient with vitiligo are presented. The minimal erythema dose (MED) in the UVB area was approximately 1/3 of that in persons of skin type II. The application of furocoumarins (psoralens) increased light tolerance by 1 MED at 300-310 nm. Action spectrum studies with furocoumarins from Heracleum laciniatum showed the following order of potency: bergapten, pimpinellin, angelicin and sphondin. The efficacy was highest at 325 350 nm, with maxima at 330-335 nm. Pimpinellin was recently found to be phototoxic, but an action spectrum of sphondin is reported for the first time. PMID- 6627922 TI - Dermatitis from a chromium dental plate. AB - Systemic absorption of metal or metallic salts from dental and orthopedic surgical implants can produce a cutaneous allergic dermatitis in susceptible individuals. Mercury, nickel and cobalt are the most common metals to elicit such systemic allergic reactions from chronic internal exposure. A case is presented of a generalized eczematoid dermatitis apparently caused by allergy to chromium liberated from a metal dental plate. PMID- 6627923 TI - Turpentine: an attempt to explain sensitization to this allergen in Spain. AB - On turpentine being removed from the standard international series, and seeing that the % of positives in Spain were high, the Spanish group decided to study chromatographically the components of turpentine in order to know which of these components is present in the highest proportion. Various samples of turpentine are studied and the results are shown. PMID- 6627924 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis from epoxy resin in nasal canulae. AB - Allergic contact dermatitis from not fully cured epoxy resin in nasal canulae is reported. Patch testing and chemical analysis utilizing the actual batch are stressed. PMID- 6627925 TI - The dermatitic properties of black bryony (Tamus communis L.). AB - The skin irritant properties of both the juice expressed from the ripe berries and the slimy mucilage present in the rhizomes of black bryony (Tamus communis L.) were investigated. The dermatitis produced on human skin after gently rubbing in either the berry juice or the rhizome mucilage was found in both cases to be a result of mechanical irritation, being produced by penetration of the skin by minute needle-like crystals of calcium oxalate. Scanning electron micrographs supporting this conclusion are presented. Chemical investigation of the rhizome mucilage confirmed the presence of histamine. The role of histamine in the production of skin irritation following contact with the rhizome mucilage is discussed. PMID- 6627926 TI - Bronopol allergic contact dermatitis. AB - Bronopol (2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1, 3-diol) is an antimicrobial compound widely used as a preservative, primarily in cosmetic formulations. Analysis of patch tests performed on our patients revealed an incidence of 12.5% relevant positive results to 0.5% and/or 0.25% bronopol. This result reflects a history of prolonged use of bronopol-containing lubricants in our referral population of patients with different types of severe, extensive dermatitis. Contact sensitization to bronopol in this population is probably facilitated by abnormal cutaneous barrier function. Our findings emphasize the need for further clinical study of the potential for bronopol to produce contact sensitivity, and suggest caution with regard to its use in patients with dermatitis. PMID- 6627927 TI - Oral challenge with metal salts. (II). Various types of eczema. AB - 299 patients with chronic dermatitis of obscure origin were challenged orally in a controlled study with 2.5 mg nickel, 2.5 mg chromium, and 1 mg cobalt given as salts of the respective metals. Flares of the dermatitis were seen in 12 of 61 patients with patch-test-negative hyperkeratotic eczema, in 9 of 32 patients with patch-test-negative perianal eczema, and in 7 of 143 patients with various other patch-test-negative eczemas. In this latter group, flares were seen only among patients with nummular eczema or hand eczema. Among 34 patients with various positive patch tests not relevant to the current dermatitis, 3 with hand eczema experienced flares. Patients who reacted to oral challenge with the metal salt to which they had a positive patch test, included 3 of 9 with nickel allergy, 2 of 5 with cobalt allergy and 6 of 15 with chromate allergy. These patients were tested openly. Low metal diets were prescribed for 33 patients who had flares after oral challenge with specific metal salts. For 23 of these, the dermatitis cleared or improved markedly after following the diet for at least 4 weeks. Responses to a questionnaire sent to the 23 patients indicated that 16 had followed the prescribed diet rigorously or intermittently for at least a year. PMID- 6627928 TI - Allergy to lanolin and "lanolin-free" creams. PMID- 6627929 TI - Contact urticaria from fish, honey and peach skin. PMID- 6627930 TI - Contact urticaria to phosphorus sesquisulphide. PMID- 6627931 TI - Allergy to castor oil. PMID- 6627932 TI - Comments on the allergenic activity of lanolin. PMID- 6627933 TI - Allergic contact sensitivity to BCG. PMID- 6627934 TI - Contact urticaria from aminophenazone. PMID- 6627935 TI - Contact dermatitis due to bufexamac. PMID- 6627936 TI - Clinical use of calcium channel blockers. PMID- 6627937 TI - Thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6627939 TI - "Better Health." A new and important concept in televised health care. PMID- 6627938 TI - Payment for physicians' services. AMA Council on medical service. PMID- 6627940 TI - The external autopsy examination revisited. PMID- 6627942 TI - Statement on the insanity defense. PMID- 6627941 TI - Ruptured iliac artery aneurysms: analysis of 56 cases. PMID- 6627943 TI - "No Code": a nurse's viewpoint. PMID- 6627944 TI - Effects of daily 30 mcg d-norgestrel on growth hormone and cortisol. AB - The effects of d-norgestrel on serum growth hormone and cortisol were determined in 9 healthy Thai women, who took 30 mcg d-norgestrel tablet daily for 12 months. Growth hormone (both fasting and during OGTT) and morning cortisol concentrations were measured before and after 6 and 12 months. It was found that growth hormone concentrations tended to decrease but were not statistically significant. Patterns of growth hormone in relation to glucose and insulin measured during OGTT were similar throughout the study. The morning cortisol values slightly increased after treatment. The limited data from this study suggested that d norgestrel, at the daily dose of 30 mcg, did not significantly alter serum growth hormone and cortisol levels in the group of Thai women after one year's time of use. PMID- 6627945 TI - Urinary concentrations of steroid glucuronides in women taking oral contraceptives. AB - The aim of this study was to use measurements of urinary steroid glucuronides to confirm the suppression of ovulation of ovulation in women taking oral contraceptives. Urinary concentrations of oestrone-3-glucuronide (E1G) and pregnanediol-3 alpha-glucuronide (Pd-3-G) were measured by radioimmunoassay in early morning urine samples from six normally-menstruating women and six women who were taking combined oral contraceptives. In the normally-menstruating women, E1G concentrations, and the E1G/Pd-3-G ratio, increased 2-3 fold before ovulation. There was no midcycle increase in either measure in women taking oral contraceptives. We suggest that measurement of these steroid metabolites provides a means of assessing the anti-ovulatory effects of oral contraceptives. PMID- 6627946 TI - Binding of the anti-progestin RU-486 to rat ovary steroid receptors. AB - RU-486 is a recently synthesized steroid with anti-progesterone and anti glucocorticoid properties. Its direct anti-progesterone action on the uterus is believed to be the basis for its ability to induce menstruation and early abortion. RU-486 likely antagonizes progesterone action on the uterus progesterone receptor. We have studied the binding of RU-486 to rat ovary steroid receptors in order to learn whether this interesting synthetic compound binds to ovary steroid receptors and thus learn if this antagonist can be used to better define the mechanism(s) of steroid actions on the ovary. Ovaries from estrogen stimulated hypophysectomized immature female rats were homogenized in buffer. The 100,000 x g supernatant was incubated with tritiated steroid agonists (R5020, dexamethasone, or testosterone) alone or with unlabeled steroids including RU 486. Receptor bound, and free steroid, were separated by Sephadex G-200 columns. The relative abilities of the various tested steroids to bind to the rat ovary progesterone receptor were: RU-486 greater than or equal to R5020 greater than progesterone. RU-486 bound to the ovary glucocorticoid receptor with an affinity equal to that of dexamethasone. The affinity of RU-486 for the rat ovary androgen receptor was only about 9% that of testosterone. Thus, RU-486 binds with very high affinity to the rat ovary progesterone and glucocorticoid receptors. This steroid receptor antagonist offers a new tool by which the mechanism(s) of action of these steroids on the ovary can be tested. PMID- 6627948 TI - Identification of three new serotypes of group E streptococci isolated from swine. AB - Evidence is presented for the recognition of 3 new serotypes of Group E Streptococci (GES). Serological and biochemical characteristics of 3 porcine isolates of GES, that could not be placed in any of the 3 established serotypes, were examined. On the basis of double-diffusion precipitin reactions, the isolates were found to be of 3 distinct, previously unreported serotypes. They were given serotype designations VI, VII, and VIII. PMID- 6627947 TI - Absence of effect of danazol on estrogen-induced luteinizing hormone release from rat hypothalamo-pituitary axis in vitro. AB - The effects of danazol on luteinizing hormone (LH) release by estradiol (E2) were examined in a sequential double chamber superfusion system by superfusing the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) and pituitary excised from normal female rats in diestrus. Administration of 3x10(-13) mole E2 caused a significant (p less than 0.05) increase of LH (80-220% above the pre-injection level) from the pituitary in series with MBH superfused with Medium 199 alone or Medium 199 containing 10( 4)M danazol. These data indicate that acute administration of danazol does not affect estrogen-induced LH release in rats. PMID- 6627949 TI - Selenium deficiency of beef cattle in Idaho and Washington and a practical means of prevention. AB - The majority of beef cattle assayed for whole blood glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px) activity in Idaho and Washington were deficient in selenium. Cattle in the more arid sections of these states tended to have higher selenium levels than those in areas with moderate and high rainfall. Animals pastured on irrigated forages had lower selenium concentrations than those grazed on dry land pasture. Cattle were supplemented by the addition of sodium selenite to a salt-mineral mixture. Ninety mg selenium per kg (ppm) salt-mineral mix fed to cattle significantly (P less than 0.001) elevated selenium (GSH-Px) levels well into normal ranges by 3 months when fed to extremely selenium deficient animals. Thirty ppm selenium was insufficient to raise GSH-Px levels into normal ranges. In addition, 20 ppm selenium was insufficient to sustain blood selenium concentrations of selenium adequate animals. Selenium given in the salt-mineral mix provided an effective, economical, and easily regulated source of dietary selenium. This supplement can be provided the entire year even under range conditions. Calves of cows placed on the 90 ppm selenium supplement had significantly (P less than 0.005) improved weaning weights (10 months) and an indication of a decreased incidence of infectious diseases. PMID- 6627950 TI - An experimental model for simultaneous chronic sampling of portal and systemic blood and gastrointestinal lymph via cannulae in conscious swine. AB - Surgical techniques are described whereby safe chronic cannulations of the portal vein, the external iliac artery and vein and the cisterna chyli of pigs were performed. The pigs tolerated the operations well and there was a short recovery period. They were unrestrained during the subsequent feeding experiments, when large sequential blood and lymph samples were withdrawn readily. The experimental periods varied from 3 to 46 days (mean : 13.4 days, SE: 2.0). All of 22 arterial cannulae remained patent (mean : 16 days, SE : 2.2), nineteen of 22 portal cannulae (mean : 15 days, SE : 1.8) and eighteen of 22 venous cannulae (mean : 14 days, SE : 1.9). The lymph cannula patency varied from 2 to 7 days, but lymph samples were easily obtained through all but one of them during the third postoperative day. PMID- 6627951 TI - Dental fluorosis in cattle. AB - Five expressions of dental fluorosis are described in cattle exposed to industrial fluoride pollution: 1. Hypercementosis with tooth ankylosis, cementum necrosis and cyst formation; 2. Delayed eruption of permanent incisor teeth; 3 Necrosis of alveolar bone with recession of bone and gingiva; 4. Oblique eruption of permanent teeth, hypoplasia of teeth with diastemata; and 5. Rapid progression of dental lesions. The five entities are not recognized in the "standard for the classification of dental fluorosis" by the National Academy of Sciences. Since this classification it too limited and superficial, adherence to this standard has left severe cases of fluoride intoxication in cattle undetected in field surveys. PMID- 6627952 TI - Anesthetic waste gases in veterinary medicine: analysis of the problem and suggested guidelines for reducing personnel exposures. AB - Anesthetic waste gases are a concern to veterinarians and their personnel. Investigations have shown that many of the anesthetic units used in veterinary medicine have leaks that contribute to operating room contamination. Many others do not have appropriate scavanging attachments to remove escaping gases. Personnel were frequently observed carelessly using equipment or handling anesthetic agents in a manner contributing to excessive exposure. Proper maintenance of equipment and careful use of gaseous anesthetic agents can significantly reduce waste gas levels and exposure of personnel. PMID- 6627953 TI - Experimental production of neonatal isoerythrolysis in the foal. AB - Serological evidence with or without clinical signs of neonatal isoerythrolysis was experimentally produced in 6 of 8 foals born to mares allo-immunized with washed erythrocytes from the stallion. Blood group antigens were determined in all mares, stallions and foals, and the incompatible antigenic factor(s) responsible for the disease were defined. In 5 of 8 foals born to alloimmunized mares, a single antigenic factor difference accounted for the erythrocyte incompatibility between mare and foal. The erythrocyte antigen suspected as the most responsible for isoerythrolysis observed was A1. Agglutinin and hemolysin titers were measured in mare serum and colostrum. Of the presuckle anti-foal erythrocyte titers, colostral and hemolysins titers were greater than serum and agglutinin titers respectively. Foals were allowed to nurse and treatment of affected foals was not attempted which allowed full expression of disease and outcome. PMID- 6627954 TI - Evaluation of a series of testing procedures to predict neonatal isoerythrolysis in the foal. AB - A series of modified (field) tests were compared to a crossmatch between mare and foal for their reliability in predicting neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI) in eight foals born to experimentally alloimmunized mares. In the field tests, mare's serum, plasma and colostrum were combined with foal erythrocytes washed by a modified procedure to determine which combination was the best predictor of impending NI. A consistent grading system for agglutination and hemolysis was employed. The field tests using mare's plasma demonstrated less agglutination and hemolysis than tests where serum was employed. Immediate assessment of agglutination failed to demonstrate agglutinin activity when compared to tests where incubation was included. Rouleaux formation posed a problem in interpretation of minor agglutination, however the grading of hemolysis was simpler, quicker, and more accurate. The field test that was most reliable when compared to the crossmatch and presuckle anti-foal erythrocyte titers in demonstrating agglutinins was the combination of mare's serum and foal's erythrocytes. The tests for hemolysin detection in serum and colostrum which incorporated rabbit sera as a complement source were also reliable. PMID- 6627955 TI - Intracranial pressure and cardiac output remain stable during high frequency oscillation. AB - In 6 anesthetized and paralyzed adult cats, intracranial pressure (ICP) and cardiovascular variables were studied during high frequency oscillation (HFO). Over 2 h of HFO, cardiac output, right heart pressures, and blood gases remained stable, and were not different from control period values. Good ventilation and oxygenation were achieved. ICP was 5.7 mm Hg during the control period, and remained within +/- 1.25 mm Hg throughout HFO. Further, respiration-induced ICP waveforms were abolished during HFO. We believe that high frequency ventilation (HFV) does not alter cardiovascular and ICP dynamics for the duration tested in healthy anesthetized animals. PMID- 6627956 TI - Amino acids and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of patients with septic encephalopathy. AB - Amino acids and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma were identified and assayed in 5 patients with septic encephalopathy. Levels of all the high molecular weight neutral amino acids (LNAAs) appeared to increase in the CSF. CSF levels of phenylalanine (PHE) and methionine (MET) increased significantly by factors of 20.9 and 9.5, respectively, and the plasma PHE level increased 7.5-fold. No significant changes in branched-chain amino acids were observed in either the CSF or plasma. The CSF/plasma ratios of valine (VAL), tyrosine (TYR), PHE, and MET significantly increased to 0.21, 0.46, 0.52, and 0.52, respectively. TBAR levels increased 4 fold in the CSF and also were slightly increased in the plasma, suggesting that lipid peroxidation in the central nervous tissues is markedly increased. We conclude that increases in LNAA levels and in lipid peroxidation in the central nervous tissues may play important roles in the development of septic encephalopathy. PMID- 6627957 TI - Radiographic findings for the adult respiratory distress syndrome in patients with peritonitis. AB - Ninety-seven consecutive patients admitted to the ICU with peritonitis were studied. Of these, 66 (68%) died and autopsies were performed on 38 (58%). Twelve of the 38 autopsied patients showed pathologic criteria of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); 26 did not. Chest x-rays of the 38 autopsied patients were examined and 9 (75%) of the 12 patients with histologic criteria of ARDS, specifically, moderate or severe fibrosis, had decreased pulmonary longitudinal diameter on serial chest x-rays. The remaining 3 (25%) patients did not have this specific finding. Of the 26 patients without pathologic criteria of ARDS, only 2 (8%) had reduction in pulmonary longitudinal diameter. We conclude that a marked reduction in the pulmonary longitudinal diameter is highly suggestive of ARDS and especially useful in differentiating ARDS from bilateral pneumonia. PMID- 6627958 TI - Spontaneous ischemic ventricular fibrillation in dogs: a new model for the study of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. AB - Most sudden cardiac deaths in man are associated with events causing myocardial ischemia and only 40-60% of these patients are successfully resuscitated. Further progress in reducing the mortality from such events will depend on a better understanding of the interventions used during CPR. Animal models currently used for the study of CPR do not involve myocardial ischemia. A new model of cardiac arrest (spontaneous ischemic ventricular fibrillation) in closed-chest dogs resembles more closely the events occurring in man. Initial controlled, randomized studies of the model demonstrate that it responds to resuscitation in a manner similar to human resuscitation. Further study of this model during CPR may lead to changes in patient care which will improve survival from episodes of sudden cardiac death. PMID- 6627959 TI - Clinical use of the arterial/alveolar oxygen tension ratio. AB - A prospective study to verify the behavior of the arterial/alveolar oxygen tension ratio (PaO2/PAO2) at different fractions of inspired oxygen (FIO2), was performed in 15 adult hypoxemic patients. This index was useful not only for predicting the arterial oxygen tension but also for choosing the necessary oxygen supplementary levels. PaO2/PAO2 was a less reliable index in patients with mild intrapulmonary shunts, probably because of changes in the distribution of alveolar ventilation/perfusion ratios. PMID- 6627960 TI - Instrumentation for the continuous measurement of gas exchange and ventilation of infants during assisted ventilation. AB - A system of instrumentation for continuous measurement of oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2) and minute ventilation (V1) in human newborns on assisted ventilation is described. VO2 and VCO2 are measured by open circuit indirect calorimetry utilizing a Servomex OA 184 differential paramagnetic oxygen analyzer and a Beckman LB 2 infrared CO2 analyzer. Minute volume is measured with a body plethysmograph. Bench performance is described, limitations of the system are defined, and sample clinical data are presented. The instrumentation can measure safely, accurately, and continuously physiologic variables in sick infants on assisted ventilation. PMID- 6627961 TI - A new device for measurement of pulmonary pressure-volume curves in patients on mechanical ventilation. AB - Measurement of total (lung plus chest wall) pulmonary compliance is routinely obtained in mechanically ventilated patients by dividing the tidal volume (VT) by the airway pressure (Paw) gradient from end-inspiration to end-expiration. In order to obtain the pressure-volume (P-V) tracing during inspiration, we developed a method using a continuous and slow (1.7 L/min) oxygen inflow. When gas flow is kept constant, changes in lung volume are proportional to time and do not require direct measurement. In 22 patients, P-V curves traced using the continuous-flow method were identical to those obtained from the syringe method. The advantages of the inflow method are simplicity, reproducibility, and better visualization of the initial part of P-V curve. PMID- 6627963 TI - Early pneumococcal sepsis after pulmonary aspiration and the adult respiratory distress syndrome. AB - Bacterial pneumonia often complicates recovery several days after aspiration of gastric and oropharyngeal contents. Two children aspirated vomitus resulting in adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and suffered life-threatening pneumonia and septicemia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae on the 2nd day after aspiration. We presume that inoculation of oropharyngeal bacteria into severely injured lung resulted in unusually rapid progression of infection. A high index of suspicion is necessary to detect this early complication because clinical signs of infection were obscured by ARDS. PMID- 6627962 TI - A national survey of hospital ethics committees. AB - A telephone survey of 602 randomly selected hospitals was conducted to identify existing ethics committees, i.e., those with the potential to become involved in the decision-making process in specific cases. Using the number of acute care beds as the criterion, hospitals were divided into 2 groups: (1) over 200 beds; n = 400; (2) 200 or fewer beds; n = 202. Chairpersons of identified committees completed detailed questionnaires. Seventeen committees were found--approximately 1% of all U.S. hospitals. A typical committee included physicians, clergymen, and other professionals. Almost all committees were advisory, not decision-making bodies, and considered very effective by their chairpersons. Ethics committees have not, however, solved current medical ethical problems; nor have they allayed the concerns of patients' rights advocates about patient representation and control. Further study is warranted. PMID- 6627964 TI - Hypophosphatemia as a reversible cause of refractory ventilatory failure. AB - An 81-yr-old male with pulmonary emphysema was hospitalized because of malnutrition and hypoglycemia. This patient developed ventilatory failure requiring mechanical assistance 12 h after initiation of iv hyperalimentation. Severe hypophosphatemia (0.1 mg/dl), mild hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypokalemia were subsequently and concomitantly documented. Repeated attempts to wean him from the respirator failed until hypophosphatemia was corrected. When difficulties are encountered in weaning patients from mechanical ventilation, attention should be directed toward detection of hypophosphatemia. This may be crucial in the presence of chronic lung disease. PMID- 6627965 TI - Thermal shock hemolysis in human red cells. I. The effects of temperature, time, and osmotic stress. AB - Thermal shock is a form of hemolysis which occurs in human red cells exposed to greater than a critical level of osmotic stress of 1.4 Osm and subsequently cooled from above about 12 degrees C to below that temperature. Higher concentrations and higher cooling rates each increase the amount of hemolysis, within limits. Incubation for varying periods in hypertonic solutions and varying temperatures of incubation affect the amount of thermal shock. The effect of cooling rate on thermal shock is independent of the period of exposure to hypertonic solutions. Thermal shock is not the cause of freezing injury in human red cells, at least above -10 degrees C. PMID- 6627966 TI - Effects of various degrees of supercooling and nucleation temperatures on fertility of frozen turkey spermatozoa. AB - The relative roles of the degree of supercooling and nucleation temperatures on turkey sperm cell survival and fertilizing capacity during a freeze-thaw cycle were investigated. Basically, the higher the degree of supercooling, which produced lower spontaneous nucleation temperatures during the freezing process, the worse the sperm cells survived, in the present study. When induced nucleation was applied, which eliminated the high degree of supercooling, an improvement in sperm cell survival was noted. During the fertility trial, it was shown that in treatment 3 (induced nucleation) the fertility was higher (P less than 0.05) than in treatment 2 (spontaneous nucleation). In general, the degree of supercooling prior to freezing is an important variable and should be considered very seriously during the overall freezing process. PMID- 6627967 TI - Improved survival after cryogenic exposure of shoot tips derived from in vitro plantlet cultures of potato. AB - In vitro plantlets were used for axillary shoot tip isolation to avoid microbial contamination which often occurred from use of greenhouse-grown plants. Periodic subculturing gave a supply of uniform plantlets necessary for obtaining shoot tips for cryogenic experiments. Previous results have shown that all cells within a shoot tip did not survive cryogenic exposure and the regrowth percentage depended upon the composition of the culture medium. A medium containing 0.5 mg/liter zeatin, 0.2 mg/liter gibberellic acid, and 0.5 mg/liter indoleacetic acid gave regeneration of a multiple-shoot mass from control and some frozen shoot tips. The two-step cooling procedure (0.2-03 degrees C/min to -35 degrees C followed by immersion in liquid nitrogen) gave high percentages of regrowth in the cultivars Norland and Red Pontiac. Shoots were obtained from treated materials in both cultivars. PMID- 6627968 TI - Cold-stage scanning electron microscope measurement of ice morphology in apple tissue as a function of freezing rate. AB - A cold-stage SEM was used to document the morphology of ice in apple tissue and a sucrose solution frozen at rates ranging from 450 to 0.03 degrees K/min. Freezing rates of 3-mm-thick apple discs were measured with a differential thermocouple technique, which gave measurement of the growth velocity and the temperature gradient through the solidified specimen as well as the cooling rate during solidification. Cold-stage SEM micrographs were used to measure the dendritic spacing of the ice structures, and these data were found to correlate linearly with the square root of the cooling rate during solidification as would be predicted by a theoretical analysis of mass transfer in the formation of dendrites. Comparison of freeze-substituted and freeze-dried apple-tissue micrographs with those from a cold-stage SEM showed that the cold-stage SEM technique was the only one which correctly represented ice morphology in apple tissue. PMID- 6627969 TI - Recovery of CFU-GM after freezing of normal human bone marrow: effect of three dilution techniques after thawing. AB - In the cryopreservation procedures intended for autotransplantation of human bone marrow a controversial point is represented by the methods of reconstruction of the cellular suspension after thawing and before infusion into the patient. To evaluate how the dilution rate after thawing affects bone marrow viability, we cryopreserved the bone marrow from 16 hematologically normal patients in DMSO at a concentration of 10%. After thawing, the cells were diluted according to three different techniques and their viability was tested by the growth of CFU-GM in methylcellulose. The average recovery of CFU-GM, in comparison with that of fresh cells, was satisfactory and not affected by the type of dilution. In conclusion, if we accept that the resistance to osmotic stress due to the cryoprotectant is similar for stem cells and CFU-GM, we can maintain that a slow, gradual dilution is not a necessary condition to assume the staminality of bone marrow designed for autotransplantation. PMID- 6627970 TI - Cellular and molecular consequences of reduced cell water content. AB - Cell volumes, viability, ultrastructure, and metabolism have been studied in mouse L cells at reduced water contents. Dehydration was achieved by addition of sorbitol to the incubation medium at concentrations of 0.15, 0.3, and 0.6 m. In 0.3 m sorbitol, cell volume was reduced to about 35% of the initial control level and cell ultrastructure was markedly altered. Nevertheless, such cells retained viability and their metabolism was much the same as that of control cells, evaluated by [U-14C]glucose. Except for a lesser volume reduction, cells in 0.15 m sorbitol behaved similarly. However, when placed in 0.6 m sorbitol the cells exhibited quantitative and qualitative differences in their metabolism compared with controls, and grew very poorly or not at all. Their ultrastructure was not obviously different from cells in 0.3 m sorbitol although cell volume was slightly reduced. These results are considered in the context of different conceptions of the properties and metabolic activities of the aqueous intracellular compartments (cytosol, nucleoplasm, and interiors of cytoplasmic membrane-bound-organelles). We interpret the data as additional evidence for the existence of extensive spatial organization of enzyme and the pathways they catalyze in the aqueous compartments. On this basis it is also suggested that at least part of the damage that occurs in severely dehydrated mammalian cells could result from the irreversible disruption of this organization and loss of metabolic control. We speculate about the evolutionary involvement of intracellular water and how it might have participated in the development of structure and function in contemporary cells. PMID- 6627971 TI - Cinnarizine in the prophylaxis of car sickness in children. AB - An open study was carried out in 79 children known to be susceptible to car sickness to assess the efficacy and tolerance of cinnarizine used prophylactically. Each child received one 15 mg cinnarizine tablet 2 hours before a long car journey and a further half-tablet every 8 hours thereafter, if required. The results of the children's assessments indicated that 81% considered the preparation either 'good' or 'excellent' and 69% of the 68 who had previously received other medication for travel sickness rated it 'better' or 'much better'. Only 4% of the children vomited and only 14% felt sleepy or drowsy. All but 3 of the 52 doctors who participated were prepared to give cinnarizine again to their charges based on the experience of this study. PMID- 6627972 TI - Bile lipid output and composition in patients fitted with external biliary drainage: activity of cicloxilic acid. AB - In 7 patients with external biliary drainage for total occlusion of the extrahepatic bile ducts the bile output was measured in 3-day periods, with and without cicloxilic acid treatment (240 mg daily, per os). The output increased markedly during treatment in all cases. In the 3 patients in whom the bile lipid composition was analyzed also, the bile salt and phospholipid concentrations increased while the cholesterol concentration was unchanged--with an consequent lowering of the biliary cholesterol saturation index--during treatment with cicloxilic acid. PMID- 6627973 TI - Diuretic withdrawal--a need for caution. AB - Diuretic therapy was withdrawn from 42 patients receiving modest drug doses for reasons other than hypertension, active heart failure and renal or hepatic oedema, with frequent assessment by clinical, biochemical and radiological methods for 12 weeks. Of 38 patients who could have completed the study, 27 (71%) did so without ill-effect. Eleven (29%) patients deteriorated clinically or radiologically, 7 within 2 weeks of discontinuing diuretics, and 1 of them died after acute pulmonary oedema and a haematemesis, despite intensive resuscitation. The outcome of drug withdrawal could be predicted in 35 of the patients using a multifactorial discriminant analysis but individual parameters had poor predictive value. The lack of demonstrable benefit in many patients and the incidence of adverse effects associated with long-term diuretic therapy suggest that withdrawal should be considered more often in this type of patient. However, there is a need for caution in this situation and withdrawal should only be attempted if close medical supervision and radiological examination of the chest are possible. PMID- 6627974 TI - Genetic counseling with the cancer patient's family. PMID- 6627975 TI - Cancer genes in man. AB - We may conclude, from all of these considerations, that the burden of cancer falls unequally upon a population of individuals. Some normal persons develop cancer as a result of bad luck; they are victims of spontaneous processes or background processes such as gene mutation or chromosomal rearrangement. Others are susceptible because they are exposed to environmental agents that increase these background rates. But there are individuals who are predisposed to cancer because they carry mutations that are already on the path to cancer or carry genes that increase the prospect that such mutation will occur, either spontaneously or in response to an environmental agent. It is even possible that most environmental cancer also involves genetic predisposition. PMID- 6627976 TI - Diagnosis and management of ischemic stroke. Part I.--Threatened stroke and its management. PMID- 6627977 TI - Use of skin barriers in preventing surgical infections during operations. PMID- 6627978 TI - Hydatid cyst of the liver ruptured into the biliary tract. PMID- 6627979 TI - Laryngeal fractures from blunt cervical trauma. PMID- 6627980 TI - Diagnostic criteria for peritoneal lavage in penetrating trauma. PMID- 6627981 TI - Correlation of hepatic surface PO2 nutrient blood flow and hepatic histology after hemodilution. PMID- 6627982 TI - A comparison of the toxicity of two agents that dissolve cholesterol stones. PMID- 6627983 TI - Acute changes in renal function: validation of a simple isotopic technique for the measurement of renal clearance. PMID- 6627984 TI - A simple method for determining splenic viability using sodium fluorescein. PMID- 6627985 TI - Waste not, want not: use of blood in elective operations--improved utilization of blood by use of blood-ordering protocols and the type and screen. PMID- 6627986 TI - Allergic reactions to the preservatives in over-the-counter hydrocortisone topical creams and lotions. PMID- 6627987 TI - Giant molluscum contagiosum of the sole. AB - Molluscum contagiosum is usually diagnosed on the basis of clinical findings. However, when this common lesion is present in an unusual location, such as the sole of the foot, diagnosis may be more difficult. The following case demonstrates that molluscum contagiosum infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lesions of the soles. PMID- 6627988 TI - Follicular dermographism. AB - Four patients who complained of an inexplicable pruritus of several weeks to several years in duration are presented. General medical studies were unremarkable and the skin was normal except for erythematous papular lesions at sites recently scratched. The skin changes could be reproduced by multiple firm strokes with the broad edge of a tongue blade. The transitory, discrete, follicular, urticarial papules so elicited have been labeled by us as follicular dermographism. It is an entity to be distinguished from cholinergic and aquagenic urticaria. We postulate that follicular dermographism occurs during periods of transient antigenemia. At such times, the frictional force of scratching or the tongue blade test releases antigen from the blood stream to trigger focal urticaria at sites of high density mast cells, namely around the hair follicle. Hydroxyzine is an effective therapy. PMID- 6627989 TI - Acrokeratoelastoidosis. AB - Acrokeratoelastoidosis is a very rare entity of unknown etiology, characterized by small, firm, yellowish, translucent papules which usually appear on the margins of the hands and feet between the junction of the dorsal and palmar/plantar skin. Histologically, the most characteristic features are hyperkeratosis, mild acanthosis, and, most strikingly, fragmentation of coarse elastic fibers within the reticular dermis. This eruption is variable in terms of its onset, may be sporadic or familial, is generally asymptomatic, and has a prolonged course. PMID- 6627990 TI - Spontaneous regression of bowenoid papulosis of the penis. AB - In the last decade, bowenoid papulosis of the genitalia has been recognized to be a distinct entity. It is distinguished from Bowen's disease, which it resembles histologically, on the basis of clinical data such as onset at an earlier average age, smaller size of lesions, and multiplicity of lesions. A 23-year-old man with bowenoid papulosis of the penis is presented. The lesions were present for two months prior to diagnosis. All of the lesions resolved without treatment within two months of diagnosis. A conservative approach to treatment of this condition is advocated. PMID- 6627991 TI - Acral lentiginous melanoma and lentigo maligna occurring in Werner's syndrome. AB - Werner's syndrome is an adult progeria that predisposes affected individuals to various cutaneous and internal malignant neoplasms. Herein we report on a patient with Werner's syndrome who developed two primary melanocytic tumors. PMID- 6627993 TI - Black dermatology. PMID- 6627992 TI - Treatment of psoriasis of the scalp with coal tar gel and shampoo preparations. AB - Psoriatic lesions on the scalp are cosmetically troublesome and present problems for therapy, particularly over a long-term period. A gel containing refined coal tar in solution (psoriGel) was effective in clearing or markedly improving psoriasis of the scalp in 83 percent of 112 patients. The study population included thirty-five patients who were unresponsive to other therapies. The treatment regimen described here used tar gel for five days, vegetable oil soaking for the sixth day, and no treatment on the seventh day. This procedure reduced considerably the tendency of tar gel to cause drying of the skin. Fifty percent of the patients remained in remission for about three months using a nontar shampoo. However, using a tar shampoo (Ionil T), the median remission time was extended to over eight months with 30 percent of the patients still in remission thirteen months later. No adverse reactions were reported. PMID- 6627994 TI - How we treat vitiligo. AB - Because the therapy of vitiligo is long and tedious, often requiring twelve to eighteen months, one must first evaluate the intensity of the patient's desire for treatment. If a decision is made to treat the patient, the physician must then decide whether oral or topical therapy is indicated. If the area to be treated occupies less than 20 percent of the skin surface, topical therapy is best. If the afflicted area is greater than this, oral treatment is used. If 50 percent or more of the skin surface is vitiliginous, then depigmentation with monobenzone should be considered. Therapies and techniques available to the patient with vitiligo are presented herein. PMID- 6627995 TI - Catalogue of chromosome aberrations in cancer. PMID- 6627996 TI - The incidence of renal artery stenosis and hypertension in patients on chronic intermittent haemodialysis. PMID- 6627997 TI - The prophylaxis of metronidazole in colorectal surgery. PMID- 6627998 TI - Resonium A-induced hypocalcaemic tetany. PMID- 6627999 TI - The clinical importance of serum myoglobin in early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6628000 TI - C-cells for differentiation between familial and sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma. PMID- 6628001 TI - Laser therapy for advanced carcinoma of the trachea and bronchus. PMID- 6628002 TI - Humidification of the airways. Adequate for function and integrity? PMID- 6628003 TI - A new classification for some mycobacteria. PMID- 6628004 TI - Computer-based quantitative analysis of gallium-67 uptake in normal and diseased lungs. AB - To study the 67Ga lung uptake as an index of inflammatory activity, we developed a computer-based method to process the data obtained from the 67Ga scan. Background radioactivity below the kidneys was subtracted from counts in all areas and given a score of 0; the maximal liver uptake was scored as 16. Radioactivity over six lung fields was scored by the computer between 0 and 16 and averaged to yield a mean 67Ga lung uptake index. This index of 67Ga lung accumulation correlates with histopathologic scores of inflammation in lung tissue and with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) levels of 67Ga radioactivity retrieval. This study reports the quantitative analysis of 67Ga lung uptake in normal subjects and patients with various pulmonary diseases. This method provides an objective index of inflammatory activity in lung tissues, and it is simple, sensitive, and discriminative. PMID- 6628005 TI - Pulmonary function in progressive systemic sclerosis. Comparison of CREST syndrome variant with diffuse scleroderma. AB - The pulmonary function and chest roentgenograms were evaluated in 88 patients with the CREST syndrome variant of progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS or scleroderma). Seventy-two percent of the patients had abnormal pulmonary function. An isolated decrease in diffusing capacity was the most common abnormality noted, followed by restrictive abnormalities and airway obstruction. Chest roentgenograms revealed interstitial infiltrates consistent with pulmonary fibrosis in 33 percent. When compared to a contemporaneous group of 77 patients with PSS and diffuse scleroderma, patients with the CREST syndrome had similar abnormalities on pulmonary function testing and chest roentgenogram. However, patients with the CREST syndrome had a lower mean diffusing capacity despite a higher mean vital capacity; this combination of findings suggests primary pulmonary vascular disease. Calcified granulomata were identified significantly more often in PSS-CREST patients, while superior rib notching occurred exclusively in patients with PSS and diffuse scleroderma. The CREST variant of PSS is associated with frequent roentgenographic and pulmonary function abnormalities similar to those seen in PSS with diffuse scleroderma. PMID- 6628006 TI - High-frequency jet ventilation. A prospective randomized evaluation. AB - Three hundred nine patients were randomly allocated to two ventilatory protocols; 157 patients were supported with a volume-cycled ventilator (VCV) (Bear Medical BEAR 1) and 152 with a high-frequency jet ventilatory (HFJV) developed at our institution. The two ventilators were compared for safety, reliability, ease of use, and efficacy in maintaining gas exchange. On VCV, end points of therapy were: fractional concentration of oxygen in the inspired gas (FIo2) less than or equal to 0.40; arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) greater than or equal to 70 mm Hg; cardiac index (CI) greater than or equal to 3.5 L/min/sq m; and spontaneous respiratory rate less than or equal to eight breaths per minute. On HFJV, end points were: FIo2 less than or equal to 0.45; arterial oxygen saturation greater than or equal to 0.90; and CI greater than or equal to 3.5 L/min/sq m. Spontaneous ventilation and pulmonary venous admixture reduction were the goals on VCV, with oxygen transport the goal on HFJV, Total duration of use of the ventilators was approximately 800 days with both types of devices; there were no technical failures, and the incidence of barotrauma was less than 5 percent. The end point of mechanical ventilation was reached by a significantly higher percentage of the patients randomized to HFJV. Patients who failed to reach the therapeutic goal within 24 hours were crossed over to the other form of support. Those crossed from VCV to HFJV improved more rapidly and in greater number than those crossed from HFJV to VCV. When survival and total duration of stay in the intensive care unit were considered, there was no difference between VCV and HFJV. Considering data on gas exchange, VCV provided a higher PaO2 at equivalent positive end-respiratory pressure than HFJV. Alveolar ventilation was slightly better on HFJV. Differences were statistically but not clinically significant. On HFJV, oxygenation and ventilation were maintained with lower peak inspiratory pressures and smaller tidal volumes than those required for VCV. This investigation proves that HFJV is a safe and reliable method to provide mechanical support which does not, at this time, offer obvious benefits over VCV. PMID- 6628007 TI - Pulmonary function in mechanically-ventilated patients during 24-hour use of a hygroscopic condensor humidifier. AB - Hygroscopic condensor humidifiers (HCH) are reportedly capable of humidifying even the driest of ventilator source gases with at least 30 mg H2O/liter of ventilation. To assess the adequacy of the HCH during mechanical ventilation, we studied 26 patients over a 72-hour period (alternating 24-hour periods of humidification by a conventional cascade and the HCH). In these patients, we found no significant difference in static lung compliance, airway resistance, PaO2, and PaCO2 on either system. Additionally, estimates of sputum volume (over a four-hour collection period) and clearance of aerosolized 99mTc labelled DTPA (in five of these patients) also showed no significant differences between the two systems. We conclude that the HCH is capable of supplying necessary heat and moisture to most mechanically-ventilated patients for at least a period of 24 hours. PMID- 6628008 TI - Control of breathing during exercise in patients with chronic airflow limitation with or without hypercapnia. AB - Twenty-four patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exercised on a bicycle with a progressive increase in load (30 W/min) until dyspnea or exhaustion occurred. Seven subjects were CO2 retainers: PaCO2 greater than or equal to 45 mm Hg at rest and/or during exercise. Fifteen normal subjects were submitted to the same protocol. To make comparison possible, all the parameters studied were calculated at 60 watts. It was concluded that CO2 retention during exercise is not secondary to a decreased respiratory drive but mainly to a lesser increase in VE and to higher VD/VT ratios. PMID- 6628009 TI - The electrocardiogram as an index of left ventricular function in coronary heart disease. AB - To determine the utility of conventional electrocardiographic criteria for the assessment of left ventricular function, we applied pre-determined criteria to the analysis of the ECGs of 171 patients with chronic coronary disease. Eighty patients had no criteria for infarction. Seventeen had a criterion for anterior, 59 a criterion for inferior, three for strict lateral, four for true posterior and eight for combined infarction. Of the 59 with inferior infarction, 25 had QaVF greater than or equal to 0.03 sec. These 25 together with the 25 with anterior or combined infarction constituted a subgroup of 50 patients which included 35 of the 44 (80 percent) of those with an ejection fraction less than 0.50. Among the remaining 121, only nine (7 percent) had a depressed ejection fraction. Thus, the ECG criteria identified correctly 147 (86 percent) patients with regard to the presence or absence of left ventricular dysfunction. PMID- 6628010 TI - Ultrastructural subtypes of pulmonary adenocarcinoma. A correlation with patient survival. AB - A retrospective study of 34 patients (33 male and one female) was conducted to evaluate a potential correlation between patient survival, propensity to metastasize and specific subtypes of pulmonary adenocarcinomas as determined by ultrastructural examination. Previous electron microscopic studies of pulmonary adenocarcinomas have demonstrated proliferations of three types of cells: mucus, Clara, and alveolar cells. Specific ultrastructural markers of these cell types were assessed in the 34 cases. All cases in this study had a light microscopic diagnosis of adenocarcinoma originating in the pulmonary parenchyma and a follow up of at least one year. Features such as patient survival time, extent of metastatic involvement, response to therapy, and overall tumor behavior were compared in reference to the cell of origin, in an effort to try to elucidate if such ultrastructural subclassification lent itself to any clinical correlations. Light microscopic growth patterns and special stains were not found to distinguish these neoplasms histogenetically, emphasizing the important role of electron microscopy for an accurate classification. PMID- 6628012 TI - Temporary muscle paralysis for accurate measurement of pulmonary artery occlusion pressure. AB - Succinylcholine, a short-acting neuromuscular blocking agent, was used to accurately measure the pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP) in eight patients requiring mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure, in whom measurement was difficult because of significant respiratory variation in PAOP. The mean decrease in PAOP after paralysis was 9.8 +/- 5.3 mm Hg, with a range of 4 to 20 mm Hg (p less than 0.01). The magnitude of change was closely correlated to the degree of respiratory variation in PAOP observed during spontaneous breathing before paralysis (r = 0.889). Accurate measurement of PAOP affected subsequent management in five of these eight patients. Temporary muscle paralysis with succinylcholine is a useful means of eliminating artifactual elevations in PAOP in patients supported by mechanical ventilation when significant respiratory variation in PAOP is present. PMID- 6628011 TI - A comparison of the respiratory health of Mexican-American and non-Mexican American white children. AB - This study compares the respiratory health of Mexican-American and non-Mexican American white school children. Using responses to questionnaires, the point prevalences of physician-confirmed asthma, attacks of shortness of breath with wheeze (without a diagnosis of asthma), and cough were compiled for each ethnic group. Using the results of yearly pulmonary function testing, initial and serial pulmonary function were also calculated. Asthma was reported by 6.5 percent of the non-Mexican-American children and 1.9 percent of the Mexican-American subjects (p less than 0.01 by chi 2). The rates of respiratory symptoms were nearly equal in the two groups. Initial and serial testing of pulmonary function showed non-Mexican-American children had significantly lower maximum expiratory flows (Vmax50%) in each year of testing. These results confirm other reports of differences in both rates of asthma and pulmonary function in Mexican-Americans and non-Mexican-Americans. Inherent differences in the size of the airways could explain these findings. PMID- 6628013 TI - Cyanotic ostium secundum atrial septal defect without pulmonary hypertension and clinical signs of heart disease. Report of two cases. AB - In two cyanotic patients without clinical signs of cardiac disease, a contrast echocardiogram revealed a right-to-left shunt at the atrial level. In cardiac catheterization an atrial septal defect with bidirectional shunt was found, in spite of normal pulmonary pressures and vascular resistance. An anatomically atypical ostium secundum atrial septal defect was found at surgery. We emphasize the usability of the contrast echocardiogram in the investigation of a cyanotic patient, regardless of a lack of signs of cardiac disease in the clinical investigation. PMID- 6628014 TI - Asbestos-associated diseases. Science, public policy, and litigation. PMID- 6628015 TI - Diffuse reticulonodular infiltrate associated with splenomegaly. PMID- 6628016 TI - Treatment of atypical mycobacterial disease. AB - The most common disease patterns produced by atypical mycobacteria are pulmonary disease, cervical lymphadenitis, and infection of soft tissue, bones, and joints. The treatment of disease due to atypical mycobacteria can be confusing unless one clearly differentiates the organisms according to clinical characteristics and response to various chemotherapeutic agents. For this reason, we have attempted to simplify the task by proposing a new classification system. The organisms that might be isolated from human material are divided into the following three classes: nonpathogens; those that are easy to treat with standard mycobacterial therapy; and finally, those that are difficult to treat with standard mycobacterial therapy and require other approaches. This new system of classification should help the clinician in dealing with these organisms. Because even the pathogens may sometimes appear as a contaminant in human material, including sputum, one must document that these organisms are associated with disease prior to instituting therapy. PMID- 6628017 TI - Fatal cardiac arrest during cardiac catheterization for angina pectoris. A marker of quadruple vessel disease. PMID- 6628018 TI - Acute renal failure secondary to myoglobinuria associated with Legionnaires' disease. AB - A case of nonfatal Legionnaires' disease was complicated by rhabdomyolysis, myoglobinuria, and acute nonoliguric renal failure. It was not determined whether the rhabdomyolysis was secondary to direct toxic effect of the organism or due to a circulating factor causing muscle necrosis. This case provides additional evidence that rhabdomyolysis with subsequent renal failure may be a serious complication of Legionnaires' disease. PMID- 6628019 TI - Bronchorrhea. A presenting feature of active endobronchial tuberculosis. AB - A 32-year-old woman presented with a one-month history of bronchorrhea (500 ml daily). She had normal findings on chest roentgenogram, and negative results for malignant cells and acid-fast bacilli in the sputum. Fiberoptic bronchoscopic examination, however, showed subtotal obliteration of left main bronchus due to active tuberculosis. The protean manifestations of endobronchial tuberculosis and its association with bronchorrhea are stressed. PMID- 6628020 TI - Eosinophilic pneumonia without radiographic pulmonary infiltrates. AB - In a 52-year-old man, chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP), suggested by clinical history and marked eosinophilia in the peripheral blood and in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, has been diagnosed on open lung biopsy. Nevertheless, chest roentgenograms never showed any infiltration during the course of the disease. Extensive etiologic examination remained negative. Steroid therapy induced a dramatic clinical response, disappearance of the eosinophilia in the peripheral blood and in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and quick normalization of pulmonary function. We suggest that a typical history and markedly eosinophilic alveolitis allows one to make the diagnosis of CEP even in the presence of normal chest film findings. PMID- 6628021 TI - Transient left posterior hemiblock during Prinzmetal's angina culminating in acute myocardial infarction. AB - A 49-year-old man had transient left posterior hemiblock during Prinzmetal's angina with inferior ST-segment elevations; subsequently, left posterior hemiblock reappeared associated with acute inferior myocardial infarction. The electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic aspects of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6628022 TI - Respiratory arrest following first dose of timolol ophthalmic solution. AB - Within 30 minutes of the administration of his first dose of timolol ophthalmic solution, a 67-year-old man with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease experienced severe dyspnea leading to respiratory arrest. He recovered after endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. Patients with bronchospastic pulmonary disease who are candidates for therapy with timolol ophthalmic solution should receive their first dose under medical supervision and should have continued close medical follow-up for as long as they receive timolol. PMID- 6628023 TI - Chest pain as a presentation of reactive hypoglycemia. AB - Reported herein is a patient with multiple hospital admissions for atypical chest pain syndrome who underwent extensive noninvasive and invasive cardiologic testing to exclude ischemic heart disease as an etiology. During one episode of chest pain, the patient was found to have hypoglycemia with a blood sugar level of 46 ml/dl. Two subsequent oral glucose tolerance tests reproduced chest pain during hypoglycemia with values of 47 ml/dl and 27 ml/dl. The patient had previously had no significant clinical response to typical antianginal medications. Following evidence of concurrent hypoglycemia, the chest pain syndrome has significantly decreased with the patient on a low carbohydrate diet. PMID- 6628024 TI - Successful repair of a transected phrenic nerve with restoration of diaphragmatic function. AB - This report describes the feasibility of restoring motor function of the diaphragm by early repair of a transected phrenic nerve, and discusses causes and consequences of phrenic nerve damage. PMID- 6628025 TI - Application of atrial pacing wires; an easy approach. PMID- 6628026 TI - Theophylline therapy in COAD. PMID- 6628027 TI - Angiography vs computed tomography in investigating abnormality of the inferior vena cava. PMID- 6628028 TI - Spontaneous pneumothorax in metastatic carcinoma of the cervix. PMID- 6628029 TI - Effects of social class and familiarity on pediatricians' responses to child abuse. AB - The results of a study of the effects of familiarity with the patient an patient socioeconomic status on pediatricians' responses to a case of apparent child abuse give insight into the bias that operates against full reporting of child abuse incidents. PMID- 6628030 TI - Assessing worker training needs: use of staff surveys and key informant interviews. PMID- 6628031 TI - Improving productivity in child welfare programs. AB - The project met its objective of finding ways to improve the efficiency of a child welfare program. The agency will continue an intensive evaluation of the program to reassess the procedures' impact on productivity. The project found that, with adaptation, work-methods techniques developed in industry can be useful to child welfare programs. Critical elements in the success of a productivity improvement project include full, visible support by the agency's policy makers and top management; early intensive involvement of affected personnel; wide implementation of recommended improvements; and continued review of their effectiveness. Although no single work-methods project can solve all problems connected with an agency's way of carrying out its work, the process developed by the Texas Department of Human Resources can be applied usefully by both public and private child welfare agencies as they seek ways to improve the efficiency of their programs. PMID- 6628032 TI - Working with families of learning disabled children. AB - The lives of learning disabled children and their parents are beset by bewildering paradoxes and misunderstandings, especially as they try to cope with educational systems. Social work professionals, as counselors and advocates, are shown to have the skills needed for early remedial intervention for the learning disabled. PMID- 6628033 TI - Medical care and learning disabilities. PMID- 6628034 TI - The family living model: five-day treatment in a rural environment. AB - The treatment model described by the author is an alternative to traditional residential care. It focuses on reducing costs, maintaining the child in his or her local culture, using community resources, and forming a network of support for the child. PMID- 6628035 TI - Legal, casework, and ethical issues in "risk adoption". AB - "Risk adoption" has received extremely little attention in the literature. The issues raised in this article must be more thoroughly researched before the method is advanced further by the service community. To proceed in the direction of use of "risk adoption" without necessary research regarding potential ramifications may invite difficulties in the future. PMID- 6628036 TI - Social work and law in a foster care/adoption program. AB - The push toward permanency planning has led to a blurring of distinctions between foster care and adoption, and consequent emotional and legal entanglements. The program described here was designed to emphasize cooperation between social workers and lawyers to safeguard the rights of all parties, and the authors discuss the pitfalls of casework with both biological and foster parents. PMID- 6628037 TI - International cooperation in the education of neurosurgeons. A plan for the future. PMID- 6628039 TI - Surgical treatment of spinal lipomas in infancy and childhood. AB - The clinical course and surgical treatment of 48 children with lipomatous lesions of spinal dysraphism are presented. Preoperative studies consisted of complete neurological examination, IVP, myelography and CT scan if indicated. The complete clinical course and surgical treatment of the children with lipomatous lesions of the lower spine is reviewed. The surgical aim was to free all intra- and extradural adhesions by dural grafting if necessary. The results of surgical treatment are dependent upon the time of treatment (as early as possible), the location and extent of the malformation and the quality of surgical treatment. PMID- 6628038 TI - Middle fossa arachnoid cyst: clinical, neuroradiological, and surgical features. AB - 16 patients and 4 adult cases of small-or medium-sized middle fossa arachnoid cyst were subjected to various neuroradiological investigations and their results were analyzed in terms of possible mechanisms of cyst expansion. Based on the results of the investigations which strongly suggested that the cyst is an expanding lesion, all cases were surgically treated by the same techniques of craniotomy, excision of the outer cyst membrane, followed by a cystoperitoneal shunt, resulting in complete disappearance of the cyst concomitant with reexpansion of the surrounding brain and marked improvement in the clinical pictures of the patients. PMID- 6628040 TI - Diastematomyelia: report of 21 cases surgically treated by a neurosurgical and orthopedic team. AB - We studied 21 cases of diastematomyelia associated with myelo-meningocele (3 cases) or congenital spine deformities (18 cases). Analysis of bone and neuraxis abnormalities with special reference to the spinal canal, related to operative findings demonstrate in all cases an embarrassed cord by localized compression or global narrowing of the malformed spinal canal (11 cases), bone spur fixation (13 cases) and tethered cord associated lesions (5 cases). Mechanisms of neural damage and prophylactic value of laminectomy before the orthopedic treatment of the curve during the same operation is discussed. PMID- 6628041 TI - Developmental outcome of very low birth weight infants requiring a ventriculo peritoneal shunt. AB - All infants of less than 1,500 g birth weight who required a ventriculo peritoneal shunt were followed for developmental problems over the 1st year of life. There were 19 infants; 2 died within the 1st postoperative week. At 1 year of age corrected for prematurity the mean Bayley Mental Developmental Index was 62 +/- 23.0, and the mean Psychomotor Developmental Index was 61 +/- 19. Only 2 infants attained scores greater than 85 on both scales, while an additional 2 infants attained a score of greater than 85 on one scale. It is concluded that ventriculo-peritoneal shunting procedures performed after progressive ventricular enlargement has taken place are not likely to result in normal development of the infant less than 1,500 g birth weight. PMID- 6628042 TI - Successful removal of an acute brain stem hematoma in a young child. AB - Several days after receiving a blow to the occipital region, a 5-year-old boy presented with acute symptoms and signs of a space-occupying-lesion in the posterior fossa. A CAT scan revealed a mass with increased density in the region of the fourth ventricle. A suboccipital craniectomy disclosed a subependymal hematoma bulging into the fourth ventricle. The hematoma was evacuated, and the child subsequently made a complete recovery. It is stressed that surgical intervention should be considered in all such cases and particularly in young patients who show progressive neurological deficits. PMID- 6628043 TI - [Consequences and economic aspects of multiple injuries]. PMID- 6628044 TI - [Spinal injuries caused by a suicidal jump from height]. PMID- 6628045 TI - [Fractures of the malleoli of the crural bones as a diagnostic and therapeutic problem]. PMID- 6628046 TI - [Comparison of the results of conservative and surgical treatment of injuries of ankle joint ligaments]. PMID- 6628047 TI - [Narrow spinal canal in the lumbosacral segment]. PMID- 6628048 TI - [Usefulness of transthoracic epiphysiodesis and posterior spinal fusion in the treatment of infantile scoliosis]. PMID- 6628049 TI - [Derotational gibbectomy in scoliosis by our method (preliminary report)]. PMID- 6628050 TI - [Effect of indirect axial traction of the tibia on cleft width of the knee joint]. PMID- 6628051 TI - [Technic of intertrochanteric osteotomy of the femur using autocompression angular plates]. PMID- 6628052 TI - [Fibrosis of the quadriceps femoris and gluteal muscles and its treatment]. PMID- 6628053 TI - [Sources of hospital infection in surgical wards]. PMID- 6628054 TI - [Restoration of thumb opposition]. PMID- 6628055 TI - [A compression plate of our design for osteosynthesis (preliminary report)]. PMID- 6628056 TI - [Surgical therapy of lymph node metastasis: neck, axilla, groin]. PMID- 6628057 TI - [Retroperitoneal lymph dissection of testicular cancer]. PMID- 6628058 TI - [Surgery of endocrine organ metastasis]. PMID- 6628059 TI - [Emergency colectomy using primary anastomosis in obstructive cancer of the left colon]. AB - From 1979-1982 a small series of 12 patients with obstruction from a carcinoma of the left colon underwent emergency abdominal colectomy with primary ileosigmoidostomy or ileorectostomy without diversion. The mortality and morbidity was favourable compared with those reported in series of similar cases treated by staged procedures or primary resection. This study could not document the more advanced state of cancers with acute obstruction. Further follow-up of this series is needed. This procedure is conceptually attractive in cases with obstructing left side carcinomas. PMID- 6628060 TI - [Left spontaneous femoral fracture in primary hyperparathyroidism and postgastrectomy bone disease following a Billroth II stomach resection]. AB - In the present case a primary hyperparathyroidism was aggravated by postgastrectomy bone disease and led to a spontaneous fracture of the left femur and to a pseudofracture of the right femur. Renal symptoms like concrements or nephrocalcinosis were based on the intestinal conditioned malabsorption of vitamin-D and calcium not evident. Radiologically there was a mixed pattern of ostitis fibrosa cystica generalisata von Recklinghausen and osteomalacia respectively osteoporosis based on postgastrectomy bone disease. Treatment was fully effective consisting of exstirpation of the adenoma and substitution of calcium and vitamin-D and ingestion of digestive enzymes and many little meals corresponding to the prescriptions of nutrition for partially gastrectomised patients. PMID- 6628061 TI - [Spontaneous perforation of the small intestine as rare cause of acute abdomen]. AB - Spontaneous perforation of the small bowel as a cause of acute abdomen are seldom observed. In our patients 4 cases of non-traumatic perforation are reported. Compared with the international literature the incidence and different pathways of the perforation are discussed. PMID- 6628062 TI - [Technic for implantation of the Oreopoulos-Zellerman catheter in peritoneal dialysis]. AB - The continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is a routine measurement under certain circumstances in nephrological units, which is preferentially performed in patients who cannot be adapted to haemodialysis. Certain risks are inherent in this method. They are dependent on the patient himself as well as on measurement used. Typical complications are canalicular infections along the catheter loop, intra- and extraabdominal dislocations of the catheter tube, abdominal wall leaking and the CAPD-peritonitis. Our own patients are analyzed according to this aspect; the value of a standardized technique of implantation of the Oreopoulos Zellermann-Catheter is described with regard to the reduction of surgical risks. PMID- 6628063 TI - [An unusual pancreas tumor: solid cystic acinar cell tumor]. PMID- 6628065 TI - [Newly developed surgical table for hand surgery]. PMID- 6628064 TI - [Suppurative mediastinitis following tooth extraction in sympathetic pericardial effusion]. PMID- 6628066 TI - [Treatment of schistosomal ureteral stenosis by uretero-ileoplasty (32 cases)]. PMID- 6628067 TI - [Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava. Role of supplementary tests, apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6628068 TI - [Surgical treatment of ruptures of the rotator cuff of the shoulder]. PMID- 6628069 TI - [Operative risk in hepatectomies. Experience with 154 hepatectomies]. PMID- 6628070 TI - [Surgical treatment of common bile duct calculi]. PMID- 6628071 TI - [Treatment of pancreatic cancer]. PMID- 6628072 TI - [Rheological variations in normotensive pregnant women]. PMID- 6628073 TI - [Evaluation of fetal maturity tests for clinical use]. PMID- 6628074 TI - [Indications and complications of cesarean section]. PMID- 6628075 TI - [Clinical experiences with 546 cases of extraperitoneal cesarean section]. PMID- 6628076 TI - [Clinical analysis of 1,553 cases of endometriosis]. PMID- 6628077 TI - [Histological study of the endometrium of the uterine cavity, ectopic sites and their response to progestins in relation to symptomatology]. PMID- 6628078 TI - [Treatment of external endometriosis]. PMID- 6628079 TI - [Histologic and ultrastructural study of ectopic ovarian endometrium]. PMID- 6628080 TI - [Serial determination of LH in the morning urine by radioimmunoassay]. PMID- 6628081 TI - [Histopathological cell types and stromal reaction for the assessment of prognosis of cervical carcinoma]. PMID- 6628082 TI - [Effect of long-term use of composite steroid contraceptives on serum lipids in women]. PMID- 6628084 TI - Chromosome and C-heterochromatin polymorphisms in the Italian newt, Triturus italicus. AB - A combined chromosome and C-heterochromatin polymorphism in pair 12 in the complement of the newt species, T. italicus is described. The C-heterochromatin polymorphism is presumably due to a loss in the proximal C-band, whereas the chromosomal polymorphism has its origin in two different independent pericentric inversions both including the centromere and the proximal C-band of chromosome 12. The double-inversion polymorphism has a wide distribution over the range and follows a clear bipolarity between a northern area where the karyotype is homomorphic for the standard type of pair 12 (ST/ST) and an opposite area where the ST type is completely replaced by variant M1 and M2 metacentric chromosomes 12. Various karyophylogenies are possible, but the simplest and the most probable presumes an ancestral karyotype of ST/ST and a mechanism of gradual replacement of the heterobrachial chromosome ST by two independent pericentric inversions. The present data are discussed in relation to existing theories on karyological evolution of Urodeles and the functional significance of telocentric chromosomes suggested by Sessions et al. (1982). PMID- 6628083 TI - Meiosis in the foetal mouse ovary. II. Oocyte development and age-related aneuploidy. Does a production line exist? AB - A systematic search for chromosome pairing defects in foetal mouse oocytes has been carried out in two different strains (Swiss and CBA/Ca) over days 15-19 of gestation and on day 1 post-partum. The aim was to seek direct cytological evidence for a "production line" of oocyte development, or the occurrence of pairing anomalies at meiotic prophase that might lead, in the adult female, to nondisjunction at anaphase I. No evidence for either was found. The data argue against the "production line" hypothesis as the basis for maternal age-related increases in aneuploidy in the mouse. Attempts to analyse chiasmata in oocytes at diplotene were unsuccessful. PMID- 6628085 TI - Evidence for chromosome number reduction and chromosomal homosequentiality in the 24-chromosome Korean frog Rana dybowskii and related species. AB - The karyotype of the Korean frog Rana dybowskii with its pattern of C-band heterochromatin distribution was numerically analyzed. There are 2n = 24 chromosomes in the karyotype representing a reduction in number from the typical 2n = 26 chromosome karyotype of Rana. The karyotype shows other evidence of reorganization relative to 26-chromosome species. The chromosomes grade smoothly in size from largest to smallest without the two size classes that are characteristic for 26-chromosome species. In contrast to many 26-chromosome species, there are few centromeric C-bands but many interstitial ones. C-bands for each homologous chromosome pair are distinctive. A prominent secondary constriction is located on one of the smallest chromosomes, chromosome 11, in a position similar to that seen in most 26-chromosome species. The karyotype of R. dybowskii is compared to those of other species of Rana known to have 2n = 24 chromosomes; it is most similar to that of R. chensinensis, less so that of R. ornativentris and less still to that of R. arvalis in terms of the positions of centromeres and secondary constrictions. C-bands as well as secondary constrictions in the karyotypes of these frogs show evidence of chromosomal homosequentiality. The process and possible consequences of chromosome number reduction from an ancestral 26-chromosome karyotype is also evident in the karyotypes of these closely allied palearctic frogs. Pericentric inversions followed by fusion of two small elements apparently produced a new chromosome, chromosome 6, occurring originally among northeast Asian populations. PMID- 6628086 TI - Electron microscopy of G-banded human mitotic chromosomes. AB - Trypsin-treated human metaphase chromosomes stained with Giemsa and uranyl acetate showed clear, reproducible band structures under the transmission electron microscope (TEM). The banding pattern observed with TEM corresponded very closely to the G-band pattern visualized by light microscopy. The TEM images were used for karyotype analyses. Trypsin-treated chromosomes stained with uranyl acetate alone also showed clear G-bands under TEM. Shadow casting in addition to uranyl acetate staining revealed more structural detail of the chromosomes. Chromosome fibers, 200 A-300 A in diameter, were observed in the interband regions. Most chromosomes showed the major G-bands under the higher TEM magnification without any trypsin treatment. PMID- 6628087 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of chronic gastritis]. PMID- 6628088 TI - [Endoscopic-pathologic findings and clinical significance of gastric dysplasia]. PMID- 6628089 TI - [Gastric mucosal barrier in chronic gastritis]. PMID- 6628090 TI - [Chronic atrophic gastritis--a clinicopathological study]. PMID- 6628091 TI - [An appraisal of the significance of parietal cell antibody (PCA) as a criterion on the classification of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG)]. PMID- 6628092 TI - [Aspergillus infection of the heart--with a presentation of 6 cases]. PMID- 6628093 TI - [One-dose regimen of praziquantel in the treatment of chronic schistosomiasis japonica]. PMID- 6628094 TI - [The study on pathogenesis of experimental nephritis caused by glomerular and tubular basement membranes]. PMID- 6628096 TI - [Ischemic colitis]. PMID- 6628095 TI - [Study on the classification of leukemia with several anti-lymphocyte sera]. PMID- 6628097 TI - [Relationship between hardness of drinking water and mortality of cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 6628098 TI - [Application of regression analysis to etiological study of diseases]. PMID- 6628099 TI - [Evaluation of the present maximum permissible exposure level of Dipterex in the air in a workshop]. PMID- 6628100 TI - [Dynamic correlation profile of physical development during childhood and adolescence]. PMID- 6628101 TI - [Relationship between air pollution and prevalence of upper respiratory tract disorders and immunity among children]. PMID- 6628102 TI - [Toxic wheat (Lolium temulentum Linn) poisoning]. PMID- 6628103 TI - [Skeletal age and menarche]. PMID- 6628104 TI - [Uplift repair procedure for cleft palate]. PMID- 6628105 TI - [Reconstruction of the anal internal sphincter using smooth muscle of the colon: report of 5 cases]. PMID- 6628106 TI - [Autogenous tissue grafting for traumatic cicatricial subglottic and tracheal stenosis]. PMID- 6628107 TI - [Operative treatment of lymphedema of the limbs]. PMID- 6628108 TI - [Reconstruction of digital flexion function with a free latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap by microneurovascular surgery]. PMID- 6628109 TI - [Free grafting of a lateral brachial skin flap]. PMID- 6628110 TI - [Evaluation of the pericardial devascularization in portal hypertension]. PMID- 6628112 TI - [Analysis of 848 cases of trauma using the injury severity score]. PMID- 6628111 TI - [Hemodynamic studies in patients with hepatic cirrhosis and portal hypertension]. PMID- 6628113 TI - [Iliopsoas hematoma: a manifestation of hemophilia]. PMID- 6628114 TI - [Iliopsoas transplantation in the treatment of paralysis of gluteus muscles]. PMID- 6628115 TI - [Adrenal autografts in the treatment of adrenal hyperplasia]. PMID- 6628116 TI - [Preoperative localization and surgical management of pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 6628117 TI - [Applied anatomy of brachial plexus block in mid-parascalene approach]. PMID- 6628118 TI - [Experience in management of aspiration pneumonitis]. PMID- 6628119 TI - [Cholesterol pleural effusion: report of 6 cases]. PMID- 6628120 TI - [Multiple hamartomas of the lung]. PMID- 6628121 TI - [Surgical treatment of contracture of the iliotibial band due to poliomyelitis]. PMID- 6628122 TI - [Surgical approach to giant nevus]. PMID- 6628123 TI - [Progress in the research of diffuse panbronchiolitis]. PMID- 6628124 TI - [Progress in the technic of mediastinoscopy]. PMID- 6628125 TI - [Identification of mycobacteria by pyrolysis gas chromatography]. PMID- 6628126 TI - [Determination of isoniazid and acetylisoniazid in the urine for phenotyping isoniazid inactivators]. PMID- 6628127 TI - [Analysis of 100 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis of the lower lobe]. PMID- 6628128 TI - [Experimental study on the correlation between impedance rheopneumography and pulmonary blood flow volume]. PMID- 6628129 TI - [Report on the survival rates of 366 patients with chronic cor pulmonale in the period of 1 to 5 years]. PMID- 6628130 TI - [Idiopathic diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis: report of 26 cases]. PMID- 6628131 TI - [Fibrobronchoscopic examination of 50 patients with lobar atelectasis]. PMID- 6628132 TI - [Cancer of the lung in youth: clinical analysis of 71 cases under 35 years of age]. PMID- 6628133 TI - [Report of 30 cases of pleural mesothelioma]. PMID- 6628134 TI - [Preliminary study of the mechanism of silicosis therapy by tetrandrine]. PMID- 6628135 TI - Centromeric index measurement by slit-scan flow cytometry. AB - We report here the application of slit-scan flow cytometry (SSFCM) in the classification of muntjac, Chinese hamster, and human chromosomes according to centromeric index (CI) and total fluorescence. Chromosomes were isolated from mitotic cells, stained with propidium iodide and processed through the SSFCM where fluorescence profiles were measured. The centromere for each profile was taken as the point of maximum difference between the measured profile and a standard profile having no centromeric dip. The areas under the profile on either side of the centromere were then calculated and the CI was calculated as the ratio of the larger area to the total area under the profile. Relative DNA contents for each chromosome were taken to be proportional to the total fluorescence. Mean CI's for muntjac chromosomes 1, 2, and X + 3 were 0.52, 0.88, and 0.73, respectively; CI's for Chinese hamster M3-1 chromosomes 1, 2, 5, 8, and M2 were 0.53, 0.55, 0.57, 0.77, and 0.86, respectively; and average CI's for chromosome groups 4 + t (X;5), 6 + 7 + Y, 9 + M1, and 10 + 11 were 0.56, 0.82, 0.58, and 0.60, respectively. These results were, on average, within 4.4% of CI measurements made by image cytometry. CI's measured for human chromosomes 9 through 12, were, on average, within 2.0% of those made by image cytometry. PMID- 6628136 TI - Isopycnic density-gradient centrifugation: a separation parameter which improves flow cytometric measurements on heterogeneous tumors. AB - The analytic and prognostic value of flow cytometric measurements can generally be improved by preseparation of cells. The present data demonstrate clearly the distinct character of bands obtained in density-gradient separation. Density gradient centrifugation in Percoll after extensive Ca2+ + Mg2+ elimination helps to resolve more detail in flow cytometric measurements (e.g., additional DNA stem lines in human tumors) and can be used in studies of tumor heterogeneity. The significance of investigations of tumor heterogeneity is demonstrated by the different reactivity of subpopulations of the experimental murine tumor S 180 to vincristine. PMID- 6628137 TI - The use of trout erythrocytes and human lymphocytes for standardization in flow cytometry. AB - A method of standardization of flow cytometric ploidy measurements using trout erythrocytes and human lymphocytes is described. The sources of errors of the ratio between the modal channel number of erythrocytes and lymphocytes were investigated. The sample standard deviation was 0.3%, and the variation between persons of the same sex was approximately 0.5%. A distinct difference (1.82%) between the two sexes indicated that small deviations of DNA content can be detected. The standardization method was applied to the analysis of biopsy specimens from bladder tumors, normal bladder mucosa, and lymphocytes from the same patients. In diploid populations the standard deviation of the DNA indices was 1.5-2% for normal bladder mucosa but approximately 2.5% for tumors. These values indicate that deviations amounting to 4-5% from the diploidy are detectable by a single analysis of one sample. PMID- 6628138 TI - Flow cytometric classification of biopsy specimens from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. AB - The distribution of single-cell DNA content was investigated in biopsy specimens from the human cervix of 121 women suspected of having intraepithelial neoplasia. Comparison of the results of the histopathological examination with the ploidy level showed that all normal specimens were diploid. Thus, no false-positive results occurred. Most of the specimens classified as mild and moderate dysplasia were diploid as well. Aneuploid cell populations occurred in 78% of the lesions classified as severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. The ploidy level distribution permitted a natural division of the aneuploid cell populations into two groups with DNA indices either above or below 1.5. The importance of the aneuploidy in carcinogenesis is discussed. PMID- 6628139 TI - Characterization of ploidy level in bladder tumors and selected site specimens by flow cytometry. AB - The histopathological grade of atypia was compared with the ploidy level in biopsy specimens from bladder tumors and six grossly normal areas (selected sites). The study included investigation of 303 specimens from 45 patients. The results demonstrated a high correlation between the grade of atypia and the occurrence of aneuploid cell populations. The selected site specimens were diploid in patients with low grade malignant tumors, while high grade malignant tumors were associated with aneuploid selected site specimens in 20% of the cases. The divergence of ploidy level in the tumor and selected site specimens found in some cases clearly demonstrated that the carcinogenic process in the bladder may lead to clonal heterogeneity. Flow cytometric analysis seems suited for mapping of the ploidy levels in different parts of the bladder. The possible importance of the additional information is discussed. PMID- 6628140 TI - Mucosal dysplasia. A major predictor of cancer following ileorectal anastomosis. AB - Fifty patients with ulcerative colitis managed by colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis had rectal biopsies performed in the period 1967 to 1972. Follow-up information was available on all patients. Thirty-nine patients were reviewed and rectal biopsies performed in the 1980 to 1982 period. Three patients had developed rectal cancer in the period 1975 to 1980, and two rectal cancers were detected in the 1980 to 1982 follow-up period. All cancers occurred in patients with a diagnosis of moderate or severe dysplasia in biopsy specimens from the 1969 to 1972 period. The probability of developing rectal cancer after a diagnosis of moderate or severe dysplasia in this series reached 42 per cent at nine years from diagnosis. PMID- 6628141 TI - Nontraumatic Clostridium septicum gangrenous myonecrosis. AB - Nontraumatic Clostridium septicum infections may present as either septicemia or as metastatic myonecrosis. Most of these infections occur in debilitated patients with diabetes who are receiving cancer chemotherapy. The majority have a hematologic abnormality or a carcinoma of the colon. Usually there is an ulcerative lesion of the gastrointestinal tract that serves as the portal of entry. While most of these patients die from overwhelming sepsis, our patient was debrided early and treated promptly with high-dose penicillin therapy as well as hyperbaric oxygen therapy. He fully recovered from C. septicum gas gangrene and underwent resection of a recurrent colonic cancer. PMID- 6628142 TI - A postmortem appraisal of a clinicopathologic staging system in large-bowel cancer. AB - The autopsy findings of 100 patients who had a resection for large-bowel cancer and who were classified by a clinicopathologic staging system were analyzed. Seventy patients had carcinoma at autopsy. The value of this method of staging was assessed by relating the stage at operation to these findings. Forty-five per cent of early stage tumors (A or B) were found to have metastases. If the detection rate of occult metastases could be improved for stage A and B tumors, this might increase the prognostic accuracy of this staging system. PMID- 6628143 TI - Conservative approach to the treatment of Bowen's disease of the anus. AB - Bowen's disease is a type of squamous carcinoma in situ with peculiar characteristics. It has a high incidence of associated internal malignancies and its progression to an invasive carcinoma has been described. We present seven patients with Bowen's disease of the perianal skin which have been treated conservatively with local excision and minimal margins of resection. No recurrences have been observed in this series up to the present time. Two patients had other associated malignancies; three patients had hypothyroidism. Local excision of the disease with minimal margins is advocated. PMID- 6628144 TI - York Mason procedure for repair of postoperative rectoprostatic urethral fistula. AB - Rectoprostatic fistula is a rare complication after transurethral resection of the prostate or prostatectomy for benign and malignant neoplasms of the prostate. Repair of these fistulas is difficult, especially when previous treatment includes radiation therapy to the prostate. Various operative approaches have been described to close these inaccessible fistulas. Because of their location near the outlet of the pelvis, access to or exposure of these fistulas is quite limited. These fistulas can be easily exposed and repaired through the posterior wall of the rectum (transsphincteric approach). Three patients with rectoprostatic urethral fistulas were repaired successfully by using this method. PMID- 6628145 TI - A simple method of anorectal manometry. AB - Anorectal manometry is usually performed with an open-tipped tube or a closed balloon system. To overcome the well known measurement problems and errors associated with fluid-filled catheter systems and balloons, a pressure tranducer was used to perform anorectal manometry. This method, performed on more than 200 individuals with different anorectal disorders, is described. This was found to be a simple, reliable and reproducible method for anorectal manometry. PMID- 6628146 TI - Flexible fiberoptic sigmoidoscopy and double-contrast barium-enema examination in the identification of adenomas and carcinoma of the colon. AB - To assess the accuracy of the flexible fiberoptic sigmoidoscope, 227 consecutive patients (mean age 61.8 +/- 13 years) requiring investigation of colonic symptoms were evaluated using rigid and flexible sigmoidoscopy (PAF and KDV) and double contrast barium enema (SSA). Patients with equivocal findings or adenomatous polyps underwent colonoscopy (TWB). Thirty-four patients had carcinoma and 50 patients had one or more adenomatous polyps (greater than 5mm). The neoplastic yield from rigid sigmoidoscopy was 12 per cent, flexible fiberoptic sigmoidoscopy 90 per cent, and double-contrast barium enema only 76 per cent. Barium enema failed to identify eight carcinomas and 13 adenomatous polyps; seven of the eight carcinomas were polypoid Dukes' Stage A lesions, and associated diverticular disease was present in 62.5 per cent of cases. Flexible fiberoptic sigmoidoscopy failed to identify seven carcinomas and one adenomatous polyp. Five of the carcinomas were beyond range of the instrument; in one patient, a stricture was seen that was caused by the carcinoma; and in the seventh patient, the examination was terminated because of angulation spasm. Double-contrast barium enema is inaccurate in detecting lesions in the sigmoid colon, with flexible sigmoidoscopy being superior. PMID- 6628147 TI - Solitary nonspecific ileal ulcer. Diagnosis by coloileoscopy in a patient with previously assumed irritable bowel syndrome. AB - We present a case of solitary nonspecific ileal ulcer found by coloileoscopy in a patient with previously assumed irritable bowel syndrome. Follow-up endoscopies two weeks after initiation of short-term prednisone therapy, and again four months later, demonstrated rapid and persistent healing. This observation raises the question of whether or not primary ileal ulcers are indeed as rare as previously assumed when only surgical and autopsy findings were taken into consideration. Also, the natural history of this clinical entity, in general, could be somewhat more benign than suggested by those ulcers in which complications make surgery necessary, since these cases may not adequately reflect the full clinical spectrum of nonspecific small-bowel ulcers. PMID- 6628148 TI - Remedial operation for the continent ileostomy. PMID- 6628149 TI - The Last of the Mohicans. Reminiscences and ideas. AB - Reminiscences and ideas of a Member (formerly Associate Fellow) of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons and especially one of the Last of the Mohicans presently (apology to James Fenimore Cooper). PMID- 6628150 TI - Effect of ethanol on morphology and total, capillary, and shunted blood flow of different anatomical layers of dog jejunum. AB - On the basis of previous studies in our laboratory we postulated that the ethanol induced alteration in jejunal morphology was the result of its effect on the microcirculation. The present study was undertaken to examine the validity of this hypothesis. Accordingly, the effects of intraluminal ethanol perfusion (3.0 and 6.0% w/v) on mucosal morphology; water, glucose, and sodium transport; and regional blood flow were examined in in vivo jejunal segments of pentobarbital anesthetized dogs. Compared to control segments, those perfused with ethanol exhibited a significant increase in the prevalence of morphological alterations of the mucosa, consisting of subepithelial fluid accumulation (bleb formation) and exfoliation. Those villi with epithelial damage exhibited villus cores significantly shorter than those with a normal, undamaged epithelium. Segments perfused with ethanol exhibited a depressed net water absorption, to the point that net secretion occurred in the segments perfused with 6% ethanol. Net absorption of glucose was similarly depressed by intraluminal perfusion with ethanol, whereas net absorption of sodium was unaffected. Regional jejunal blood flows were estimated using a dual, radiolabeled microsphere technique. Both total jejunal wall and total mucosal blood flow (in ml/min/100 g dry tissue) in the ethanol-perfused segments were significantly increased over control. Similarly, jejunal wall and mucosal capillary blood flows were increased by ethanol perfusion. Neither submucosal nor muscularis blood flows were affected by intraluminal perfusion with ethanol. Compared to control, shunting or nonentrapment of 9-micron microspheres was increased in the mucosa of the ethanol perfused segments. In contrast to this, shunting of 9-micron microspheres in the submucosa and muscularis was unaffected by intraluminal perfusion with ethanol. It therefore appears that the ethanol-induced mucosal morphological alterations are accompanied by a localized mucosal hyperemia, and an increased shunting of blood through the mucosa. Based on the results of this and other studies, a microvascular mechanism was tentatively proposed to explain the pathogenesis of the ethanol-induced morphological changes. PMID- 6628152 TI - CT-guided percutaneous catheter drainage of lymphocele complicating splenorenal anastomosis. AB - We report the successful management by CT-guided percutaneous catheter drainage of a lymphocele complicating a Warren-Zeppa distal splenorenal venous anastomosis. The early postoperative course of this 31-year-old male with homozygous alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency was complicated by chylous ascites and a large lymphocele demonstrable on CT scanning. The persistent 10.5 cm diameter lymphocele was drained percutaneously 5 weeks later by a CT-guided catheter. Drainage of lymph continued at decreasing rates for 13 days when the catheter was removed. Complete resolution of the lymphocele was confirmed at 2 1/2 months. The successful treatment of a lymphocele by percutaneous catheter drainage may obviate major surgery and has not been previously documented. PMID- 6628153 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the rectum arising in a hamartomatous polyp in a patient with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. AB - The malignant potential of the hamartomatous polyps in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome has been debated. Although this is a very rare event, these polyps can undergo carcinomatous transformation, as demonstrated by this report of a 37-year-old man with well-documented Peutz-Jeghers syndrome who developed an invasive grade 2 adenocarcinoma on the surface of a hamartomatous polyp in the rectum. PMID- 6628154 TI - Viral replication in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. PMID- 6628151 TI - Constipation with colonic inertia. A manifestation of systemic disease? AB - Transit of radiopaque markers was delayed in the ascending colon of 51 females and 3 males treated for severe idiopathic constipation. Onset of symptoms was between age 10 and 20 in more than half of the patients. Eighteen percent had previously undergone unnecessary laparotomy for large bowel pseudoobstruction. Stool frequency ranged from 1 stool every three days to 1 every 2 months. Twenty six percent suffered from fecal incontinence. In addition, 30% had orthostatic hypotension and 15% galactorrhea of idiopathic origin. Patients had a higher than normal anal pressure (P less than 0.001). They all had a rectoanal inhibitory reflex, but it was abnormal in 76%. In the upper esophageal sphincter, resting pressure was higher (P less than 0.02), and coordination poorer (P less than 0.05) than in normal control subjects. Incidence of spontaneous tertiary contractions in the body of the esophagus was greater than normal (P less than 0.03). In the lower esophageal sphincter, resting pressure was lower (P = 0.001) and gastroesophageal gradient weaker (P = 0.05). Closing pressure of the sphincter was lower (P less than 0.001) and coordination less adequate (P less than 0.02). After subcutaneous injection of 0.035 mg/kg bethanechol, urinary bladder intraluminal pressure increased by over 15 cm H2O in 31% of patients but never did in controls, and average maximal pressure was greater (P less than 0.025). Time taken to reach peak pressure was shorter (P less than 0.01). This study provides evidence that patients who suffer from constipation with colonic inertia also have abnormal function in other hollow viscera.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6628155 TI - Virus replication and liver disease in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. AB - Recent studies on the natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection have provided evidence for a close temporal relationship between the phase of active virus replication and development of liver lesions. To assess the role that virus replication plays in this phase in determining the severity of the liver disease, we studied serum levels of virus-specific DNA-polymerase activity and hepatitis Be antigen/antibody status in 48 chronic carriers of the hepatitis B surface antigen found positive for the hepatitis B core antigen in the liver. There was a remarkably evident inverse correlation between virus replication activity and liver disease activity, patients with minimal histological changes having the highest DNA-polymerase levels (mean +/- SD: 3879 +/- 2557 cpm) and those with severe chronic active hepatitis the lowest enzyme levels (419 +/- 246 cpm), while cases of chronic persistent hepatitis and of mild chronic active hepatitis had intermediate levels. Serum hepatitis Be antigen was detected in 31/32 patients with milder liver lesions and in 11/16 with severe liver lesions; the remaining five cases were anti-HBe-positive despite the presence of the core antigen in the liver. Serum levels of virus replication markers closely correlated with the distribution pattern of the core antigen in the liver. These findings indicate that in chronic hepatitis B the severity of liver disease is not directly related to levels of virus replication, thus suggesting a predominant role of host immune mechanisms. PMID- 6628156 TI - Factors XI and XII are low in subjects with liver disease. AB - We prospectively measured levels of factors XI and XII in parallel with other coagulation factors in 39 unselected patients with liver disease and in 20 control subjects. Mean levels of factors XI and XII in subjects with liver disease were significantly reduced, being 58% and 61%, respectively, compared with 100% and 94% in controls. Reductions in levels of factors XI and XII were most pronounced in those subjects with low serum albumin. The partial thromboplastin time (APTT) reflected low levels of either factor XI or XII and was most prolonged when both were low, but cause and effect was not demonstrated. Low levels of these factors may explain previous reports of poor response of APTT to infusions of prothrombin complex concentrates. Finally, these low levels strongly suggest that factors XI and XII are produced in the liver. PMID- 6628158 TI - Failure of cimetidine in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. AB - Both the pharmacokinetics and the pharmacodynamics of cimetidine were investigated in three patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, who were unresponsive to conventional dosing regimens. Doses employed in these patients ranged from 2400 to 5400 mg daily. The poor response to oral cimetidine, as measured by acid secretion and gastric pH, was associated with subtherapeutic and unreliable cimetidine serum concentrations. The response to intravenous cimetidine was only a transient suppression of gastric secretion. The failure of cimetidine to control gastric hypersecretion in these patients was attributed to both a diminished oral bioavailability and a decreased pharmacologic response to the drug. PMID- 6628157 TI - Increased incidence of hypothyroidism in primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - We examined the thyroid status of 58 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) using total serum thyroxin, thyroid hormone binding ratio, free thyroxin index, serum TSH, antithyroglobulin, and antimicrosomal antibodies. Seven patients were known to be hypothyroid prior to the diagnosis of PBC. Six additional patients were found to have biochemical evidence of hypothyroidism. The prevalence of hypothyroidism was 12% if we include only those six PBC patients with newly diagnosed hypothyroidism or 22% if we include all 13 patients. Five of the 58 patients had evidence for an elevation of thyroid hormone binding capacity. Three hypothyroid patients had normal total thyroxins with low thyroid hormone binding ratios. Two euthyroid patients had elevated total T4s with low thyroid hormone binding ratio and normal FTI. The prevalence of positive antimicrosomal antibodies was 34%, including 11 euthyroid PBC patients. The prevalence of positive antithyroglobulin antibodies was 20% including five euthyroid patients. There was no association between HLA DR3 or DR5 and the patients with hypothyroidism and/or antithyroid antibodies. Because fatigue, lethargy, and anorexia as well as hypercholesterolemia are common features of both hypothyroidism and PBC, patients with PBC should be screened for evidence of thyroid dysfunction. Thyroid disease may precede the diagnosis of PBC by several years. Therefore, the development of cholestatic liver disease in a patient with known autoimmune thyroiditis should arouse suspicion of PBC. PMID- 6628160 TI - Failure of inhibitor assay to determine isoamylase distribution. AB - Isoamylase distribution in the urine of normal individuals and patients admitted to the hospital with hyperamylasemia was determined by a wheat inhibitor mmethod and compared to results obtained by cellulose-acetate electrophoresis. We report two cases where the inhibitor ethod failed to give accurate results in urine, as well as serum, when compared to both electrophoresis and column chromatography. The discrepant results were due to the unexpected inhibition of P isoamylase. PMID- 6628159 TI - Effect of H2-receptor antagonists, cimetidine and YM-11170, on serum gastrin levels in lumen-perfused rats. AB - To determine whether cimetidine increases serum gastrin levels by elevation of intragastric pH or by other mechanisms, the effects of two different H2-receptor antagonists, cimetidine and YM-11170, on serum gastrin levels were compared in rats with controlled intragastric pH. When the intragastric pH was maintained between 4.5 and 5.5, 2-10 mumol/kg of cimetidine increased serum gastrin levels significantly, whereas no significant increase was observed after 0.02-0.1 mumol/kg of YM-11170. This occurred despite the same extent of inhibition of histamine-stimulated acid secretion as with cimetidine. When the intragastric pH was fixed at 5.5, the serum gastrin responses to cimetidine were significantly greater than to saline or YM-11170. Therefore, the increase in serum gastrin levels by cimetidine is due neither to the elevation of intragastric pH nor the result of H2-receptor blockade, but is probably due to a direct action to release gastrin. PMID- 6628161 TI - Role of luminal alkalinization in repair process of ethanol-induced mucosal damage in rat stomach. AB - Changes in transmucosal potential difference (PD) and luminal pH after intragastric application of ethanol were simultaneously determined in stomachs of anesthetized rats. When the stomachs were exposed to 5-50% ethanol for 10 min, the PD was abruptly reduced and gradually returned to the basal levels, while the luminal pH gradually increased; these responses were concentration-dependent. The reduction of PD with 10% ethanol rapidly returned to the basal level without any changes in luminal pH. The PD after 50% ethanol gradually returned to the basal level in 3 hr, during which time luminal pH was kept at around 6. In cimetidine plus atropine-treated rats, considerably greater amounts of HCO3- were evident in the perfusate. The surface mucosal cells damaged by 50% ethanol recovered in parallel with the recovery of PD. When the stomach pH was maintained at a low level by an intravenous infusion of histamine or intragastric perfusion of 0.01 N HCl, the PD remained at a reduced level and the mucosal damage was aggravated. The perfusion of 0.01 N NaHCO3 kept the luminal pH at around 8-9, but it did not affect the recovery process of PD after 50% ethanol. These results suggest that application of ethanol induces luminal alkalinization, probably by HCO3- diffusion through the broken barrier, which in turn plays a role in the recovery from damage. PMID- 6628162 TI - Chloramphenicol pharmacokinetics in the newborn. AB - We studied pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol in 9 neonates having a mean gestational age of 31.2 +/- 1.9 weeks (mean +/- SEM). The studied dose was the final dose of treatment in 8 of these and the first dose in 2 of these. 1 neonate was studied twice. Concentrations of chloramphenicol and its 3-monosuccinate and 1-monosuccinate esters were measured in serum by high performance liquid chromatography. Apparent total body clearance of chloramphenicol correlated with postnatal age (r = 0.81, p less than 0.01). Mean apparent clearance was 1.1 ml X min-1 X kg-1. Serum concentrations of succinate esters were below assay sensitivity after 6 h postdose. Factors leading to excessive chloramphenicol concentrations (greater than 25.0 mg/l) were evaluated in another 44 newborns. Instability of the patient's clinical condition was an important cause of excessive serum concentrations during ongoing therapy. PMID- 6628163 TI - Pharmacokinetics of caffeine during and after pregnancy. AB - The pharmacokinetic parameters of caffeine were measured in 9 pregnant women and 4 women 4 days post partum. The results show a significant prolongation of caffeine elimination in pregnant women. Normal pharmacokinetic parameters seem to be restored as soon as 4 days post partum. Steroids hormones (estriol, estradiol, and progesterone) were measured in both cases. PMID- 6628165 TI - Developmental changes in the interactions of amrinone and ouabain in canine ventricular muscle. AB - We studied the effects of amrinone on contractility and aftercontractions of ouabain-superfused ventricular muscle from neonatal and 3-month-old dogs. In 3 month ventricular muscle, amrinone, 5.3 X 10(-4) M, alone, increased active tension by 150%. When amrinone was superfused over ouabain-treated ventricular muscle, the increment in contraction was greatest for those muscles in which ouabain had induced a small positive inotropic effect and diminished as the positive inotropic effect of ouabain increased. Amrinone alone did not induce aftercontractions but increased the amplitude of those induced by ouabain by 92 +/- 6%. In neonatal ventricular muscle, amrinone alone was negatively inotropic and it decreased the increment in active tension induced by ouabain. PMID- 6628164 TI - Influence of perinatal nutrition on hepatic drug metabolism in the adult rat. AB - Pregnant rats were fed high-fat (HF, 35% calories) or low-fat (LF, 5% calories) diet from 18 days of gestation to the end of the suckling period. Thereafter, male progeny were fed stock diet for 6 months, then sacrificed or challenged for 3 days with HF diet. There were no immediate posttreatment effects at 30 days of age on liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 or b5, aminopyrine (AP) N-demethylase or benzo(a)pyrene (BP) hydroxylase. At 7 months, cytochrome P-450 was lower in LF fed than in HF-fed animals. High-fat challenge reduced cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b5 content in both groups, AP N-demethylase only in LF animals and BP hydroxylase only in HF animals. These differential effects of perinatal exposure to diet on the later response of microsomal mixed-function oxidases to fat challenge suggest that early dietary experience may regulate the pattern of drug metabolism in adult life. PMID- 6628166 TI - Interaction of indomethacin with adult human albumin and neonatal serum. AB - The binding of indomethacin to albumin was investigated at 37 degrees C, pH 7.4. The first stoichiometric binding constant is 2.5 X 10(5) M-1. Indomethacin utilizes both the bilirubin and diazepam binding functions equally. The effect on bilirubin binding to albumin is negligible at therapeutic indomethacin blood levels. Oleic acid does not affect indomethacin binding until the oleate/albumin molar ratio exceeds 2. A method for measuring the reserve albumin equivalent for binding indomethacin is described. Measurement of this reserve binding equivalent in 33 neonatal serum samples shows no significant correlation of the reserve binding to the albumin level. This methodology may be useful in studying the variable response of infants with patent ductus arteriosus to indomethacin. PMID- 6628167 TI - Long Q-T syndrome precipitated by atropine and hypokalemia. AB - In a small child successfully treated with atropine sulfate and other drugs because of pesticide poisoning, a prolongation of the Q-T interval, extrasystolic ventricular tachyarrhythmia complicated by ventricular fibrillation and cardiac syncope, was observed. At the time of this incident the child was hypokalemic. After compensation of hypokalemia, reduction of atropine dose and subsequent discontinuation of the drug, the changes in the patient's follow-up ECG records disappeared. Thus, the use of atropine in the presence of hypokalemia should be included in the list of factors releasing the long Q-T syndrome. PMID- 6628168 TI - [Study on the cell cycle and its synchronization of S180-V cell line. I. An analysis of the cell cycle]. PMID- 6628169 TI - [Radiobiologic effects on human esophageal carcinoma cells (Eca 109 CIII). I. Effects of X-ray on mitosis, DNA synthesis, cell proliferation and cell cycle]. PMID- 6628170 TI - [Hormone receptors of human breast cancer. I. Determination of estrogen and progesterone receptors in human breast cancer]. PMID- 6628171 TI - [Identification of uncoupling factors in the serum of the tumor-bearing rat]. PMID- 6628172 TI - [Reduction of metastasis of lung cancer by "Fufang Shengmai-compound pulse inducer"--a preliminary report on experimental, clinical and pathologic study with reference to the ultrastructure]. PMID- 6628173 TI - [The role of tumor hybrid cells in antitumor immunity. I. Immunization of mice against ascitic hepatoma by tumor hybrid cells]. PMID- 6628174 TI - [Determination of nitrosamines in drinking water from an area with a high incidence of esophageal cancer]. PMID- 6628175 TI - [Exfoliative cytology from the urinary tract of workers exposed to benzidine--a 4 year observation]. PMID- 6628176 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic study of chondrosarcoma of the bone. I. Surface configurations]. PMID- 6628177 TI - [Evaluation of intraluminal fluorouracil chemotherapy as an adjuvant to radical resection of colorectal cancers]. PMID- 6628178 TI - [Therapeutic embolization for primary liver cancer]. PMID- 6628179 TI - [Primary malignant tumor of the sphenoid sinus--a report of 7 cases]. PMID- 6628180 TI - [Segmental tumorectomy--a report of 8 cases]. PMID- 6628181 TI - [Pancreatoduodenectomy for periampullary cancer--a report of 58 cases]. PMID- 6628182 TI - [Malignant giant cell tumor of soft tissue of the nasopharynx--a report of 2 cases]. PMID- 6628183 TI - [Burkitt's lymphoma--a case report]. PMID- 6628184 TI - [Primary yolk sac tumor of the retroperitoneum--a case report and review of literature]. PMID- 6628185 TI - [Mechanism of activation of human oncogene]. PMID- 6628186 TI - [Detection of teichoic acids in cells of bacteria of the genus Arthrobacter]. PMID- 6628187 TI - [Trophic action of a peripheral nerve homogenate on the development of sensory neurons in tissue culture]. PMID- 6628188 TI - [Reorganization of the cortical visceral representation in the neuronal isolation of the cortex of 1 hemisphere]. PMID- 6628189 TI - [Comparative study of the dynamics of ultraslow oscillations per second of biopotentials (zeta waves) and of RNA-synthesizing activity of neuroblastoma and hepatoma cell cultures]. PMID- 6628190 TI - [Distribution of lipolytic activity in the reaction zones of the small intestine cavity]. PMID- 6628191 TI - [Replicating instability and ploidy of Schizosaccharomyces pombe]. PMID- 6628193 TI - [Comparative study of the radiosensitivity of the hematopoietic tissues of the clawed jird]. PMID- 6628192 TI - [Effect of single and fractionated x-ray irradiation on the corneal epithelium of the clawed jird]. PMID- 6628194 TI - [New regioselective synthesis of racemic 7,11-dimethyloctadecane--an ovipositon attractant for the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti)]. PMID- 6628195 TI - [Sexual dimorphism traits in the enzyme activity in the integument of rodents (Rodentia)]. PMID- 6628196 TI - [Doubling of the mutation rate in man]. PMID- 6628197 TI - [Defects in the secondary structure of human DNA in disorders of the DNA repair systems]. PMID- 6628198 TI - [Action of palmitate on the energy coupling in skeletal muscle and liver mitochondria]. PMID- 6628199 TI - [Isolation and characteristics of the hemagglutinin and its light and heavy chains from influenza virus A/Leningrad (H3N2)]. PMID- 6628201 TI - [Dendrite impulse activity of the cortical pyramidal neurons of the cerebral hemispheres]. PMID- 6628202 TI - [Ganglioside "shedding" by tumor cells]. PMID- 6628203 TI - [Cytogenetics of robertsonian translocations in mammals]. PMID- 6628200 TI - [Postcontractile excitation of the muscle spindle afferents evoked by direct single muscle stimulation in cats]. PMID- 6628204 TI - [Specificity of nonlinear laser scission of DNA]. PMID- 6628205 TI - [Structural characteristics of the carbohydrate component of transcortin in human retroplacental blood]. PMID- 6628206 TI - [Analysis of the resting systolic time interval in hypertensive patients]. PMID- 6628209 TI - [Surgical treatment of ruptured aneurysm of the aortic sinus in 34 cases]. PMID- 6628207 TI - [Analysis of the distribution of creatine phosphokinase and its coenzyme in human tissues]. PMID- 6628208 TI - [Late follow-up study of 117 cases of primary congestive cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6628210 TI - [Diagnosis of atrial myxoma]. PMID- 6628211 TI - [Echocardiographic diagnosis of Marfan's syndrome]. PMID- 6628212 TI - [A preliminary study on the inherited biochemical defects in families with high incidences of essential hypertension and apoplexy]. PMID- 6628213 TI - [Study on morphological changes of the aortic endothelial cells in atherogenesis in rabbits]. PMID- 6628214 TI - [Application of microfluorometry in the study of permeability of the arterial wall]. PMID- 6628215 TI - [Pathological basis of coronary thrombosis]. PMID- 6628217 TI - [The effect of hypothalamus destruction on experimental atherosclerosis]. PMID- 6628216 TI - [Ultrastructural observation on atherosclerosis of human aorta]. PMID- 6628218 TI - [Effect of tetrandrine on acute experimental myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6628219 TI - [4-year follow-up of the resting electrocardiogram in population: an application of Minnesota ECG code]. PMID- 6628220 TI - [Double blind study of the therapeutic effect of cyclovirobuxine D No. 1 on the left ventricular function in coronary heart disease]. PMID- 6628221 TI - [Significance of the erythrocyte cholesterol level in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease]. PMID- 6628223 TI - Extravasation: a hazard of intravenous therapy. AB - Tissue damage due to extravasation does not occur frequently, but the consequences can be severe. Certain factors are important in determining the likelihood of extravasation injury. These include the age, state of consciousness, and venous circulation of the patient and the type, location, and placement of the intravenous cannula. Extravasation injury is induced most frequently by drugs that have high osmolalities, vesicant properties, or the ability to induce ischemia. Treatment includes elevation of the extremity, application of heat or cold, and the administration of an appropriate antidote. Prevention of extravasation injury requires recognition of potentially hazardous drugs and good technique in administering drugs intravenously. PMID- 6628222 TI - [Plasma and erythrocyte levels of selenium and lipids in children with Keshan disease and their pathogenic significance]. PMID- 6628225 TI - Sleep apnea. AB - Sleep apnea is characterized by recurrent upper airway obstruction, resulting in periodic apneic episodes that are associated with oxygen desaturation and frequent awakenings. This leads to daytime somnolence and, possibly, pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale. Tracheostomy has been the standard treatment for severe sleep apnea with life-threatening complications. Several recent studies have reported benefits of protriptyline in obstructive sleep apnea. The drug does not completely resolve the apnea, but does improve nocturnal oxygenation and reduce daytime hypersomnolence. Protriptyline should be considered an alternative to tracheostomy in patients with benign or moderately severe obstructive sleep apnea. PMID- 6628224 TI - Effect of chlorophyllin on urinary odor in incontinent geriatric patients. AB - This randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled study involved 20 incontinent geriatric patients; all had indwelling Foley catheters. Each patient received chlorophyllin 100 mg/d for two weeks and placebo daily for two weeks, separated by a washout period of one week. For each subject, the intensity of urinary odor was measured ten times during both the treatment and placebo regimen and three times during the washout period, using a visual analog scale. A decrease in urinary odor was associated with chlorophyllin in 12 patients and with placebo in 6 patients at the end of two weeks on each regimen. Chlorophyllin treatment was associated with about a 21-percent decrease in mean urinary odor intensity, whereas placebo increased the odor by about 9 percent. The mean intensity of urinary odor was lowest during the second week of chlorophyllin treatment. Despite the decrease in urinary odor in many patients receiving chlorophyllin, its effect was not significantly greater than that of placebo. Our data suggest that chlorophyllin 100 mg/d for two weeks may not be effective in incontinent geriatric patients with mild to moderate urinary odor. PMID- 6628226 TI - Cardiac arrhythmias after phenylpropanolamine ingestion. AB - Physicians and pharmacists should be alerted to the potential adverse effects of phenylpropanolamine-containing products, which may include exaggerated hypertensive effects, arrhythmias (premature ventricular and atrial contractions together with paroxysmal ventricular or atrial tachycardia), psychotic reactions, and neurologic effects (grand mal seizures and intracerebral hemorrhage). A case of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia in a woman, after the ingestion of diet pills containing phenylpropanolamine and caffeine is reported. PMID- 6628227 TI - Spiking fever induced by isoniazid. AB - In a 48-year-old man, a consistent pattern of spiking fever occurred ten days after the initiation of therapy with isoniazid and rifampin. The fever recurred upon rechallenge with isoniazid, but not with rifampin. Isoniazid has the potential to induce fever, and this is thought to be a hypersensitivity reaction. PMID- 6628228 TI - Pharmacists' dispensing accuracy in a high-volume outpatient pharmacy service: focus on risk management. AB - A 12-day peer-review audit was performed in the outpatient pharmacy of a large teaching hospital. The audit process was not masked, that is, the pharmacists were aware of the peer-review evaluation. During the 12-day period, 9394 prescription forms and their corresponding pharmaceutical products were examined manually before being delivered to the patient. A total of 1165 (12.4 percent) dispensing errors were detected, with 141 (1.5 percent) of these considered potentially serious. Seventy-six prescriptions contained two errors and four prescriptions contained three. A linear relationship (r2 = 0.78; p less than 0.001) existed between the number of potentially serious errors and the total number of prescriptions filled. There were no statistically significant differences in the dispensing-error rate for the eight pharmacists audited. There was a trend for the number of pharmacist-hours containing at least one potentially serious dispensing error to increase as the prescription-filling rate accelerated. Outpatient pharmacies with high volumes should set a limit to the number of prescriptions filled by their pharmacists and should experiment with quality assurance systems to reduce dispensing errors and subsequent legal liabilities. PMID- 6628230 TI - The role of the clinical pharmacist: need and priority. PMID- 6628229 TI - Comparison of effects of two dosage regimens of phenylpropanolamine on blood pressure and plasma levels in normal subjects under steady-state conditions. AB - Plasma levels and blood pressure responses to two dosage regimens of phenylpropanolamine (PPA)-25-mg, immediate-release tablets three times per day and a 75-mg, controlled-release capsule once per day--were compared in 14 normal subjects. To obtain steady-state conditions, subjects were given the test materials for four-day periods, and blood pressure and plasma PPA levels were measured on day 4. The dosage forms were equally bioavailable, based on a 95 percent confidence coefficient, and neither produced hypertensive effects. The highest diastolic pressure was 96 mm Hg three hours after a 25-mg dose. Mean PPA plasma levels showed no correlation with mean blood pressure readings at any point during a 12-hour test period. These data show that, in these subjects, a daily dosage of PPA 75 mg, either in divided doses of 25 mg each or in a dependable controlled-release formula, produces no indication of pressor effects. PMID- 6628231 TI - Assassin bug toxemia. PMID- 6628232 TI - Legal issues surrounding the number of dosage units dispensed. AB - Pharmacists often are called upon to adjust the number of dosage units dispensed pursuant to a prescription. Common examples are requests to dispense half or double the amount requested by the prescriber. In some cases, reductions in quantity may be dictated by the provisions of a prescription drug insurance program, either private or governmental. A review of the literature reveals very little information on the legality of such actions by pharmacists. Focusing on both the federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act and the federal Controlled Substances Act, a review of the law in this area is presented. Some states also have provisions, either in statutes or regulations, that address the issue. Specific examples are presented and discussed, with the goal being to clarify the law in this area with which the pharmacist must deal on a daily basis. PMID- 6628233 TI - Piperacillin - another ureidopenicillin. PMID- 6628234 TI - Bezafibrate. PMID- 6628235 TI - [Skin tolerance of topical corticoids as dependent upon the pH value of the emulsions]. AB - Two new hydrocortisone esters, EMD 33 702 and EMD 33 714, each with an activity of 0.1% concentration approximately equivalent to that of 1% hydrocortisone acetate were selected for the development of new topical corticoid preparations. The stability of these steroids is dependent on the pH value of the vehicles. Thus, it was necessary to adjust the pH values in the tested creams (Cremegrundlage a, Cremegrundlage IXa) to pH 8 for EMD 33 702 and to pH 4 for EMD 33 714. In order to assess the skin tolerance of these creams the following investigations on human skin have been carried out. 1. During chamber test on normal skin (14 d) and 2. on scarified skin (3 d); 3. Test on the functions of the horny layer before and after 3 weeks treatment (alkali resistance test, nitrazin test after stripping, ammonium hydroxid blister test; n = 8). Additionally, vasoconstriction tests were carried out to assess the activity as a function of the different pH values in the cream formulations. The skin tolerance of the creams a and IX a and their steroid containing preparations was good on normal as well as on scarified skin. Differences in skin tolerance dependent on the pH value of the creams (pH 4-pH 8) could not be determined. Compared with this a cream with 10% carbamide (pH 8) was very irritating and scarified skin and a cream with 10% carbamide and 5% lactic acid showed very irritating reactions on normal and scarified skin respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6628236 TI - [Various aspects of cosmetic allergy in Strasbourg]. AB - Intending to determine the substances responsible in Strasbourg for allergies to cosmetics, we checked through all our cases from 1973 to 1980. Two main causes of the allergies were determined: Cosmetic cream and skin lotion (31.2% of cases) as well as nail enamel (20.8%). The importance of allergy to these enamels is notable compared with the extremely low figures found in the other countries (USA 1%, Sweden 6%). PMID- 6628237 TI - [The newborn infant and vitamin K]. PMID- 6628238 TI - [Angiologic and prognostic evaluation of brain stem injuries. Clinical, doppler sonographic and neuroradiological findings]. AB - Due to suspect vascular occlusion characterized by disorders of brainstem function 183 patients were investigated using Doppler sonography of the vertebrobasilary vascular system. Extracranial vascular lesions were diagnosed in 32 patients (basilary steal syndrome, vertebral artery branching stenosis), 11 patients showed bilateral vertebral artery occlusion or basilary thrombosis, nine unilateral intracranial vertebral artery occlusion and 131 patients showed no abnormal findings. The prognostically worse intracranial lesions were all confirmed by angiography. Twenty-five patients with normal Doppler findings were also controlled. Of these, three patients showed macroangiopathy presenting as megadolichobasilary artery and haemodynamically ineffective stenosis of the basilary artery (one patient). In the majority of cases neurological disorders associated with normal Doppler sonography findings were however considered as representative of cerebral microangiopathy, characterized by a favourable prognosis. PMID- 6628239 TI - [Vitamin K deficiency hemorrhages in 4 exclusively breast-fed infants 4 to 6 weeks of age]. AB - Haemorrhages were observed in four wholly breastfed infants beyond the neonatal period. These infants were observed within a period of 8 weeks and showed the following characteristics: 1. Onset of bleedings was unexpected and without prior indication. 2. They were of a serious nature and involved the CNS in two children. 3. In all cases infants between 4 and 6 weeks of life were affected. 4. All infants had been wholly breastfed. 5. All were male. 6. There was a prompt improvement after administration of vitamin K or after blood or blood derivatives. Although preliminary own investigations do not indicate general lowering of vitamin-K-dependent coagulation factors in wholly breastfed infants in the postneonatal period, these 4 cases observed within a short time confirm the necessity to consider vitamin K deficiency in haemorrhages in infants in the postneonatal period. Diagnostic steps have to be initiated immediately. PMID- 6628240 TI - [Angiomyolipoma of the kidney]. AB - Upper abdominal ultrasound imaging in a 63-year-old woman who had been hypertensive for ten years revealed a tumour at the lower pole of the left kidney. It protruded from the renal surface and gave dense echoes, suggestive more of an angiomyolipoma than a hypernephroma. The former diagnosis was reenforced by the angiographic appearance and confirmed by biopsy at the time of surgery. Nephrectomy was performed and the postoperative course was without complication. PMID- 6628242 TI - [Solutions for infusion]. PMID- 6628243 TI - [Does bromocriptine enhance the effect of drugs that reduce intraocular pressure?]. PMID- 6628241 TI - [Cardiac myxoma and myxoma recurrence]. PMID- 6628244 TI - [The knee roll: a nursing procedure as a cause of deep venous thrombosis]. PMID- 6628245 TI - [Bacterial urinary tract infections in nephropathies caused by analgesics. Clinico-pathologic correlations]. AB - The clinical findings and past history with regard to bacterial urinary infection were correlated with the morbid-anatomical findings in 51 cases of analgesic nephropathy, confirmed clinically and histologically. Light-microscopy and immunohistology indicated that clinical and morphological findings agreed in 64.7%. In 23.5% of cases there was evidence of destruction without any history of urinary tract infection, while in 11.8% there was no destruction even after urinary tract infections. Clinical findings and morphological results were thus complementary in that the incidence of bacterial urinary tract infection with renal involvement was definitely higher in analgesic nephropathy than on isolated assessment by clinical means or histology alone. PMID- 6628246 TI - [Staphylococcal spondylitis--cause of a recurrent fever for 24 years]. AB - A 72-year-old man had had recurrent fever of undetermined cause, for which he had repeated periods in hospital. There were no specific organ-related symptoms. Conventional radiology of the vertebrae, tomography, CT scan and CT-guided needle biopsy finally revealed the presence of staphylococcal spondylitis of thoracic vertebrae 11 and 12 with bilateral paravertebral abscesses. Particularly valuable diagnostically was the CT scan with demonstration of bony destruction in the axial plane and of the paravertebral soft-tissue changes, as well as the use of CT-assisted puncture of the abscess. Asymptomatic spondylitis should be thought of as a possible cause of pyrexia of unknown origin. PMID- 6628247 TI - [Controlled digitalis therapy]. PMID- 6628248 TI - [Bearing of firearms by physicians during house calls]. PMID- 6628249 TI - [Hormone therapy of euthyroid goiter]. PMID- 6628250 TI - [Allergy to rubber gloves]. PMID- 6628251 TI - [Reversible ageusia during cefacetril therapy]. PMID- 6628252 TI - [Diagnostic value of changes in the R-amplitude of the stress ECG compared to the ST-segment depression in patients with significant coronary vessel stenoses]. AB - Exercise electrocardiograms were registered in 50 patients with significant coronary artery stenosis (lumen narrowing greater than or equal to 70%) and in 20 controls without cardiac disease using automated registration (mapping). All patients had a normal ECG at rest and typical angina. ST-segment depression of more than 0.1 mV 60 ms after the J-point in three adjoining leads and in three consecutive registrations could be shown in 46 of the 50 patients (sensitivity 92%) with coronary artery disease, however in no proband of the control group. The sum of the R-amplitudes in the precardiac leads (sigma R) was calculated before and during maximal exercise and six minutes after. Diminution of R-wave amplitudes during exercise was seen in both groups. Six minutes after exercise initial values had been nearly regained. Differentiation of both groups using R wave amplitudes after exercise thus was impossible. Even using only leads with ST segment lowering during exercise, a slight increase of R-amplitudes could be measured in only one case. In all other patients R-wave amplitudes diminished also in the ischaemic area with increasing ST-segment depression. RS-inversion was shifted towards the cardiac apex. Thus an increase of R-wave amplitudes indicating coronary arterial disease does not occur in unipolar chest leads in patients with significant coronary artery stenosis and ST-segment lowering during exercise. PMID- 6628254 TI - [Fat consumption, communal meals and the use of suppositories in patients with Crohn disease]. AB - Contact with chemically modified, especially hardened, fats was found in all of 90 patients with Crohn's disease of the small or large intestine. These fats (margarine, frying or cooking fat) had been encountered before or at commencement of the disease and were used exclusively for cooking in 42 cases, additionally as bread spreads in 46 cases and as bread spread only in 2 cases. Communal meals were taken by 89 patients, in 55 of these at least once per week. 13 patients with anorectal manifestation of Crohn's disease had contact with hardened fats as rectal suppositories prior to or at commencement of the disease. These findings are compatible with the concept that chemically processed fats may play a role in the development of Crohn's disease in susceptible individuals. PMID- 6628253 TI - [Prescription habits in the long-term treatment with digitalis glycosides]. AB - The feasibility of discontinuing digitalis-glycoside treatment was tested in 200 patients with various cardiovascular diseases who, on admission to hospital, were on maintenance digitalis. Among those with the main diagnosis of hypertension digitalis administration was discontinued without ill effect in 73%; among those with peripheral arterial obstructive disease in 64%; and among those with coronary heart disease in 33%. Discontinuing digitalis was less often justified in patients with valvar defects, cardiomyopathies, myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular insufficiency. Indications for digitalis-glycoside treatment should be more rigorously applied. PMID- 6628256 TI - [The place of nitrofurantoin today]. PMID- 6628257 TI - Reactivation of VX-inhibited cholinesterase by 2-PAM and HS-6 in rats. AB - Atropinized rats intoxicated with ethyl-S-2-diisopropyl aminoethyl methyl phosphonothioate (VX), 15 mg/kg iv, were divided into three groups and were treated with normal saline, iv, 30 mg/kg of 2-PAM C1, iv, and 30 mg/kg of HS-6, iv. One hr after administration of therapy they were decapitated and cholinesterase (ChE) activity was determined on blood, brain and diaphragm tissue. Both 2-PAM C1 and HS-6 markedly reactivated VX-inhibited blood and diaphragm ChE. Brain ChE activity was not significantly reactivated by either oxime. The effectiveness of these oximes in restoration of VX-inactivated ChE in vivo offers an explanation as to why conventional atropine/oxime therapy is so effective against VX intoxication. PMID- 6628255 TI - [Etiology of Crohn disease. What speaks in favor of fats as a possible cause?]. PMID- 6628258 TI - Subchronic inhalation toxicity of 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene. AB - Male and female rats were exposed to 0, 10, 100 or 1000 mg/m3 of 1,3,5 trichlorobenzene vapors for 6 hours daily, 5 days a week, for up to 13 weeks. After 4 and 13 weeks of exposure, animals were sacrificed and examined for changes in blood, clinical chemistry, internal organs, and tissues resulting from the 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene treatment. No treatment-related effects on the blood and clinical chemistry were evident. The only effects that were considered treatment-related were a squamous metaplasia and hyperplasia in the respiratory epithelium in the nasal passages of high-dose rats and the increased incidence of dried red material on the faces of these rats during exposures compared with other groups. PMID- 6628259 TI - Acute toxicity of some silver salts of sulfonamides in mice and the efficacy of penicillamine in silver. AB - The silver salt of 2-metanilamido-5-chloropyrimidine (AgMCP) and the sodium, amminosilver and trimethylphosphite-silver salts of 3',5' dichlorobenzenesulfonanilide (NaDBS, AgNH3DBS and AgP(OCH3)3DBS were synthesized as possible antibiotic of antiparasitic drugs. All the organosilver compounds were extremely water-insoluble. For animal studies these, and other reference compounds, were given as fine suspensions in an Emulphor-safflower oil mixture. The ip LD50's in mice in mmol/kg were: 1.67 for NaDBS, 0.22 for silver acetate (AgAc), 0.15 for AgP(OCH3)3DBS, 0.13 for AgMCP and 0.10 for AgNH3DBS. When given by mouth, 15 mmol AgAc/kg produced a high mortality, but none of the organosilver compounds caused death in maximal doses (1.9 to 2.6 mmol/kg) that could be given based on considerations of total volume and stability of the suspension. All the silver compounds, including AgAc, produced a similar toxic syndrome with initial hyperexcitability, ataxia, central nervous depression, labored breathing, loss of righting reflex and death. Most deaths occurred between 12 and 24 hours after dosing. In contrast, animals given NaDBS often died within 3 hours although the major signs were very similar to those produced by the silver compounds. When given ip as a single dose 30 minutes after AgAc, D-penicillamine was effective in reducing mortality, but it had no effect on the mortality of the organosilver compounds. Histological studies revealed similar patterns of silver deposition, especially in the liver and kidneys, at 6, 18 and 24 hours after the organosilver compounds and after AgAc. We conclude that the presence of silver contributes significantly to the acute toxicity of these sulfonamides although they may dissociate free silver less readily than does AgAc. PMID- 6628260 TI - Altered atrial responses to drugs after acute exposure to nitrogen dioxide and/or ethanol. AB - The responses of atria isolated from four groups of rats: (a) control (air/H2O) and test animals treated with (b) 5 PPM nitrogen dioxide NO2 for 72 hours, (NO2/H2O), (c) 10% ethanol (ET) in water for 13 days, (air/ET), or (d) combination of NO2 and ET (NO2/ET). Isolated atria were tested with norepinephrine and dose response curves determined. The chronotropic responses among groups were not different. However, there were significant differences when tested with pilocarpine and to lesser extent to increased calcium concentration in the bathing medium. Ethanol and/or NO2 attenuates parasympathetic activity possibly by altering receptor numbers or activity. The changes in calcium activity may result from altered calcium channel activity. This data indicates that acute exposure to NO2, ET and/or the interaction between these agents can alter cardiac activity. PMID- 6628261 TI - Irreversible binding of 14C-diphenyl ether-derived radioactivity to liver microsomes in vitro and tissue proteins in vivo. AB - Following ip administration of 14C-diphenyl ether (5 mg/kg) to rats, a significant amount of radioactivity was found to bind irreversibly with tissue proteins of liver, lung and kidney, indicating the in vivo formation of reactive diphenyl ether metabolite(s). Irreversibly bound 14C-diphenyl ether-derived radioactivity to these organs peaked 2-4 h after the chemical was administered. Incubation of 14C-diphenyl ether in rat liver microsomes demonstrated that the hepatic mixed-function oxidase system mediated the formation of the chemically reactive metabolite(s) of 14C-diphenyl ether. The apparent Vmax and Km were, respectively, 23.3 pmol/mg microsomal protein/min and 1.33 x 10(-4)M. PMID- 6628262 TI - Biological conversion of N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine to 2-naphthylamine in the Sprague-Dawley rat. AB - The metabolism of a widely used plastic and rubber antioxidant, N-Phenyl-2 Naphthylamine, was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. After repeated oral administration of this compound, urine and feces were collected for several days and analyzed for the presence of metabolites. Identification techniques included a preliminary clean-up followed by thin-layer chromatography of amines and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of their hexafluoroacyl derivatives (HFBA). The compounds identified in both urine and feces were characterized as N-Phenyl-2 Naphthylamine (PBNA) and 2-Naphthylamine (BNA). Data obtained on urinary excretion of BNA seem to indicate that repeated administration of PBNA enhances its own metabolism. PMID- 6628263 TI - Mineral oil in the diet enhances fecal excretion of DDT in the rhesus monkey. AB - Seven days after dosing of two rhesus monkeys with 14C-DDT (50 mg/kg) per os, one monkey was put on a diet containing 5% mineral oil for 35 days, whereas the other animal served as control. During 5 weeks both urinary and fecal excretion of radioactivity was more than doubled in the treated as compared to the untreated animal. At the end of the treatment, concentration of DDT in adipose tissue of the mineral oil treated animal was about half of that found in the control. The data represent further support of previous reports that mineral oil reduces body burdens of refractory lipophilic chemicals. PMID- 6628264 TI - Variation of commercial diisopropyl fluorophosphate preparations in toxicological studies. AB - The variation of three diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) lots obtained from two sources was investigated. The effects of different lots of DFP on body weight, mortality, and brain acetylcholinesterase activity in rats varied significantly. The in vitro effects of these DFP preparations on brain acetylcholinesterase activity also were markedly different. It appears that different commercial preparations of DFP possess different potencies and that the same apparent doses of different DFP preparations will not produce the same effects upon any physiological system under study. PMID- 6628265 TI - Protective effect of Aucuba japonica against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats. AB - Pretreatment of rats with ethanol extract from leaves of Aucuba japonica (600 mg/kg/day, po) for two days protected against CCl4-induced depression in plasma disappearance and biliary excretion of injected sulfobromophthalein (BSP) determined 24 hr after the CCl4 challenge (0.5 ml/kg, ip). Percent recovery of BSP in bile in 60 min for control, CCl4, extract + CCl4 treated rats was 66.8 +/- 1.9, 56.2 +/- 1.4, and 68.9 +/- 2.2, respectively. Pretreatment of the extract also protected CCl4-induced increased serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity and liver necrosis as demonstrated by histological evaluations. However, pretreatment of the extract did not modify the intensity of CCl4-induced lipid peroxidation process or cytochrome P-450 destruction. The results suggest that ethanol extract of Aucuba japonica protects CCl4 hepatotoxicity at a site in the chain events leading to necrosis but not the activation step of CCl4 to X CCl3 and X C1 free radicals. PMID- 6628266 TI - Subchronic toxicology of diethystilbestrol in the mouse. AB - This study evaluated the subchronic (14-day) toxicity of selected (0.2, 1.0, and 4.0 mg/kg) daily subcutaneous injections of diethylstilbestrol (DES) in female (C57B1/6 X C3H)F1 mice. Parameters observed included body and organ weights, gross organ morphology, histopathology, clinical chemistry, and hepatic microsomal enzyme activities. The liver, bone marrow, and thymus are major target organs for DES. Liver enlargement, with associated histopathological changes consistent with mild hepatitis, centrolobular necrosis, and sinusoidal changes were observed. Supporting the histological changes were alterations in serum enzyme levels and microsomal enzyme activity. Bone marrow changes included decreases in the number of cells as well as the number of colony forming units per gram stem cells. Toxicity to the thymus was evidenced by decreased thymic weights and lymphocyte depletion. The hepatic and thymic effects were observed at the lowest (0.2 mg/kg) dose. Although all parameters were not assessed for recovery, those that were evaluated returned to control levels by thirty days after treatment. PMID- 6628267 TI - Subchronic oral toxicity study of gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane in rats. AB - The subchronic toxicity (28 days) of orally administered gamma Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTS) was studied in laboratory rats. The test material was administered daily for four weeks to groups of 10 male and 10 female Sprague-Dawley rats by gavage at dose levels of 0, 40, 400, and 1,000 mg/kg. Mortality, behavioral reactions, growth and food consumption were observed and measured along with hematology, blood biochemistry, absolute and relative organ weights. No overt signs of toxicity or behavioral abnormalities were observed in any of the test animals during the course of the study. There were no treatment related mortalities and no significant differences were observed in mean body weight, food consumption, absolute or relative organ weights of control and treated rats. Also, there were no meaningful differences in hematology, urinalysis or clinical blood chemistry values between control and treated animals. Gross and histopathologic examinations of organs or tissues from both control and GPTS treated animals did not reveal any treatment related changes. These results suggest that it is unlikely that serious injury would result from the ingestion of GPTS in amounts normally encountered incidental to its industrial use. PMID- 6628268 TI - Coccidioidomycosis and the indications for chemotherapy. PMID- 6628270 TI - Penetrating neck trauma. PMID- 6628271 TI - Nonconventional treatment of mandible fractures. PMID- 6628272 TI - Secondary facial reconstructive procedures. PMID- 6628269 TI - Amphotericin B in the treatment of coccidioidomycosis. AB - In the 25 years since its introduction, amphotericin B has demonstrated clear value in the management of coccidioidomycosis. However, its effectiveness is less certain than in diseases due to other fungal aetiological agents, even when the loci of infection and in vitro drug susceptibilities are identical. The refractoriness of coccidioidomycosis may relate to the unique ability of each Coccidioides immitis spherule to release hundreds of endospores, thus maximally challenging host defence mechanisms. Amphotericin B is most likely to be effective where there is evidence of intact cell-mediated immunity against C. immitis (i.e. positive coccidioidin or spherulin skin test; low titre of complement fixing antibody), and structural damage to tissues. When bones and joints are involved, as is frequently the case, adjunctive surgical management is generally required. Patients with structural lung disease (i.e. cysts and/or cavities) show variable, often minimal, response to treatment. Amphotericin B has transformed coccidioidal meningitis from a routinely fatal disease to one where prolonged survival is possible. However, the drug must be given by the intrathecal route, and for periods of years, before the possibility of cure can be considered. Relapses of bone, joint and meningeal coccidioidomycosis are common and should be anticipated, especially in patients with impaired immunity. PMID- 6628273 TI - Maxillofacial prosthetics for the head and neck trauma patient. PMID- 6628274 TI - Management of soft-tissue trauma. PMID- 6628275 TI - Intubation: a review of airway management. PMID- 6628276 TI - Technical and pharmacologic considerations in emergency translaryngeal intubation. PMID- 6628277 TI - Advances in endotracheal intubation. PMID- 6628278 TI - Tracheostomy. PMID- 6628279 TI - Tracheostomy in infants and children. PMID- 6628281 TI - A survey of intubation practices in critical care medicine. PMID- 6628280 TI - Cricothyroidotomy. PMID- 6628282 TI - Mental health problems in Kenya today--a review of research. PMID- 6628283 TI - A mixed ambulatory-home nutrition rehabilitation programme in a rural area in Kenya. PMID- 6628284 TI - Nutritional status, parasitic infections and health of roadworkers in 4 areas of Kenya: Part I Kwale District--coastal lowlands. PMID- 6628286 TI - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in some Kenyan ethnic groups. PMID- 6628285 TI - Some cytological observations on dysplasia and repair of the uterine cervix. PMID- 6628287 TI - An epidemiological study of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in Kenya. PMID- 6628288 TI - Neonatal morbidity and mortality among Nigerian infants in a special-care baby unit. PMID- 6628289 TI - An epidemic of typhus in Ankole, Uganda, 1975-1976. PMID- 6628290 TI - The use of HBA1c in evaluation of diabetic control in Kenya Africans. PMID- 6628291 TI - Intestinal protozoal and helminthic infections in a university community. PMID- 6628292 TI - Practical therapeutics: an approach to the management of dilated congestive cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6628293 TI - Benefit/risk comparisons in therapy. PMID- 6628294 TI - Nutritional status, parasitic infections and health of road workers in 4 areas of Kenya: Part III Kisumu District - Lake Victoria basin. PMID- 6628295 TI - Genitourinary tuberculosis at Kenyatta National Hospital 1973-1980. PMID- 6628296 TI - Surface antigens on a Kenyan strain of Leishmania donovani. PMID- 6628298 TI - Radiochemical evaluation of thyroid function in healthy and goitrous (non-toxic) Sierra Leoneans. PMID- 6628297 TI - Thiopentone infusions for neurosurgery in a developing country. PMID- 6628299 TI - Management from early labour using the partogram - a prospective study. PMID- 6628300 TI - Spontaneous occurrence of leptomonads in human bone marrow aspirate - case report. PMID- 6628301 TI - Osteomyelitis of the maxilla secondary to odontogenic maxillary sinusitis - case report. PMID- 6628302 TI - Presumed analgesic-induced agranulocytosis. PMID- 6628303 TI - [Basic principles and objectives of the Health Personnel Program of the Pan American Health Organization]. PMID- 6628304 TI - [The training of the surgeon according to an epidemiological model]. AB - The article concerns a program launched by a multidisciplinary group at del Valle University, at Cali, Colombia, to improve surgical services and extend their coverage, and to improve the care of the patients. On the basis of a study of the operations most frequently performed in Valle del Cauca department, a project has been designed for the training of surgeons in the University's area of influence. The project has a care component as well. It is now being implemented in a hospital of the region, where the new system makes it possible to conduct two operations at the same time in the same operating room, instruct patients and the families on post-operative care in the home, and evaluate the results of the arrangement. It is hoped that this exercise will make it possible to attend to more patients requiring surgery without need of more resources than those already available. PMID- 6628305 TI - [Science and art in the supervision of a thesis for a degree]. AB - The thesis required for the licenciature, master's degree and doctorate in any field of university education involves three components: the adviser, the student, and the research project that constitutes the subject matter of the thesis. In this paper the author examines in detail how each of these should be in the ideal situation and the defects they can have in real situations. Unfortunately, he observes, many institutions are neglecting--for a variety of reasons--the importance and significance of a well worked out thesis, and thus vitiating its original purpose in addition to depriving the student of an excellent opportunity for exercising his intelligence and imagination, and his adviser of one for imparting to him the cognitive, analytic and personal qualities needed to do good work. The article emphasizes that, particularly in medicine and biology, the research required for any thesis, done under a concerned and conscientious adviser, helps to produce a scientist who is truly able, studious, disciplined and, above all, humane. This, says the author, is how, from that combination of knowledge and behavior, of science and art, the student and his adviser unite to produce a thesis, a research project, the results of which can be of direct or indirect benefit to humanity. PMID- 6628306 TI - [The male nurse in his so-called "space"]. AB - In a study in which "space" is understood as the place of insertion or of social action of the male nurse, and consequently of his productivity within a determined sociohistorical situation, the following questions were asked: How are male nurses inserted in their professional space? How do they practice their profession? Within this context, the nursing profession has been looking for its action arena, aware that its limits are irregular and its frontiers are invaded by other professionals, and aware also that the male nurse surpasses these limits. Using a phenomenological method, the reality of the male nurse's "space" as it appears has been presented and judged with the aim of describing what the male nurse's space ought be in a pragmatic perspective. PMID- 6628307 TI - [Antecedents for the teaching of nutrition in the Chilean school system]. AB - This article reports that as part of the research into the Chilean population's understanding, habits, and beliefs about food and analysis was made of food and nutrition knowledge in a sample of 966 elementary and secondary school teachers and 1,050 freshmen students of different schools of the University of Chile in 1979, located in three cities in the north, center, and south of the country. Their knowledge of food and nutrition was tested using a standardized questionnaire. The results of the test were graded according to the percentage of correct answers in six categories. Only 30.6 per cent of the teachers and 17 per cent of the students scored above the acceptable minimum of 50 per cent. It is evident that food and nutrition knowledge of elementary and secondary school teachers and of freshmen students at the University of Chile is insufficient. The relationship between the knowledge variable and other variables in the study shows that this lack is mainly related to environmental factors, independent of formal education. The article offers specific suggestions to be incorporated in the nutrition education curriculum in Chile. PMID- 6628308 TI - [A new concept for the training of odontological human resources]. AB - This article describes different aspects, and particularly those of the academic administrative structure of the Dentistry Program in the Health Sciences Faculty of Universidad Catolica "Madre y Maestra," in the Dominican Republic. It presents a general account of the University's approach to the problems of health, and of the events leading up to the establishing of the Program, the basis on which this was done, the theoretical framework in which the curriculum is embedded, and the methodological principles applied. It also gives a detailed description of the curriculum, including the general and specific objectives, the structure and organization, and the modules comprised in each academic year. Finally, the teaching-learning, service, and research activities, and an account of the resources available for the conduct of the Program are reviewed in brief. PMID- 6628309 TI - [The people as agent of change in health]. PMID- 6628310 TI - [Unalterable promise before the agreed upon time]. PMID- 6628312 TI - [The nature and purposes of monographs in the field of health]. PMID- 6628311 TI - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation graduate education in developing countries. PMID- 6628313 TI - [Workshop on teaching strategic administration in courses in health administration]. PMID- 6628314 TI - Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the jejunal mucosa associated with hypogammaglobulinemia. Increased number of mast cells in the jejunal mucosa. AB - A case with nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the jejunal mucosa associated with hypo- and dysgammaglobulinemia, increased susceptibility to infections, recurrent giardia invasions, absence of plasma cells in the bone marrow and jejunal mucosal stroma and extremely increased number of mucosal mast cells has been described. The latter was supposed to be an essential morphological feature of the syndrome, that is due to a "secondary" response to repeated giardia invasions in a condition of impaired humoral but presumably normal cellular immune response. Some of the tinctorial properties of intestinal mucosal mast cells were discussed. PMID- 6628315 TI - [Basis for the use of peritoneal lavage dialysis in the therapy of acute pancreatitis]. AB - Today, as far as we know the multiple complications of different organs in connection with an acute pancreatitis are due to an enzyme intoxication and/or an endotoxinaemia. The paper reports about experimentally results which establish this view. In addition the favourable effects of the peritoneal dialysis on the course of the disease is emphasized by a prospective study. Important factors which must be considered in view of the effectiveness of the method are quoted. PMID- 6628316 TI - [Jejunogastric invagination as late complication of stomach resection]. AB - It is reported on a gastroscopically diagnosed jejunogastric invagination that has occurred in a 68-year old male patient 24 years after a Billroth's operation of class II. This distress gave rise to serious acute symptoms in the abdominal region, accompanied by gastric haemorrhage and showed the picture of an incomplete high-seated milieu of the small intestine. Surgical intervention was not necessary due to the fact that spontaneous disinvagination was considered to be the result of conservative therapy. As revealed by a follow-up gastroscopic examination, carried out at a later date, an irregularly movable afferent jejunal loop had to be stated as to be present, which most likely repeatedly led to transitory invaginations, and recurring epigastric distress was induced as a result of this. Up to now there are no established conceptions on the pathogenesis of this rare complication after a Billroth's operation. The objective symptoms, endoscopic and radiodiagnostic signs as well as the procedure of therapy are discussed. PMID- 6628317 TI - Transformation of human androgen receptors to the deoxyribonucleic acid-binding state. AB - The transformation of [3H]dihydrotestosterone-androgen receptor complexes to the nuclear binding state was studied in fibroblasts cultured from human genital skin, using binding of the androgen-receptor complex to DNA-cellulose as a measure of transformation. Transformation of cytosolic dihydrotestosterone receptor complexes proceeded slowly at 0 C, and heating to 25 C caused rapid transformation that was essentially complete within 15 min. Sodium molybdate (up to 10 mM) slowed the rate of transformation in a concentration-dependent fashion; low concentrations of molybdate (0.5-1 mM) prevented transformation at 0 C, but transformation of up to 70% of the total cytosolic hormone-receptor complexes could be achieved in the presence of high concentrations of molybdate by appropriately prolonged heating at 25 C. Molybdate appeared to exhibit a dual effect, increasing the total amount of androgen-receptor complex recoverable in cytosol and prolonging the time course of heat-induced transformation. Treatment of cytosolic dihydrotestosterone-receptor complexes with 0.5 M NaCl caused a degree of transformation similar to that seen after heat treatment but was unaffected by 10 mM molybdate. Transformation was accompanied by disappearance of the 7S form of the receptor on sucrose density gradients, but there was no reciprocal increase in a smaller size binding moiety on low ionic strength sucrose density gradients. The heat-transformed receptor could be detected, however, as a 3S binding peak on gradients containing 0.3 M NaCl, suggesting that transformation was accompanied by a structural alteration of the hormone-receptor complex. PMID- 6628318 TI - Characterization and localization of calcitonin messenger ribonucleic acid in rat thyroid. AB - DNA/RNA hybridization assays have been used to examine calcitonin (CT) RNA production in normal rat thyroids. A cloned CT cDNA which codes for the entire rat CT precursor was radiolabeled to a high specific activity and used in hybridization assays to explore 1) the sizes and relative quantities of CT RNA extractable from thyroids obtained from rats of differing ages; 2) the effect of calcium on the in vitro production of CT RNA in rat thyroid tissue slices; and 3) the localization, by hybridization histochemistry, of C cells in rat thyroid that contain CT RNA. The relative concentrations of CT RNA, per microgram of total thyroid RNA, increased remarkably with age, with 14-month-old rats having approximately 14-fold elevated concentrations of thyroidal CT RNA compared to 19 day-old rat fetuses. Of interest was the finding that a second larger species of CT RNA is only evident in thyroids obtained from 14-month-old animals. The effect of calcium on the in vitro production of CT RNA in rat thyroid tissues was studied over 3- and 6-h periods. Although previous investigations have shown that calcium causes an immediate and linear increase in CT secretion from the thyroid gland, no net increase vs. controls in the amount of CT RNA extractable from calcium-stimulated thyroid slices was observed. Finally, hybridization histochemistry, a technique that identifies in fixed tissue sections those areas that contain a specific mRNA population, was used to localize C cells in the thyroid containing CT RNA. Specific areas of rat thyroid hybridized with the CT cDNA probe and autoradiography revealed these areas to be parafollicular cells located only in the central portion of the thyroid lobes, mRNA quantities detected by hybridization histochemistry showed little variation over the central area of the thyroid, indicating the C cells in this region of the thyroid are accumulating CT RNA at approximately the same rate. PMID- 6628319 TI - Factors in the release of vasopressin by the hypoxic fetus. AB - The relative effects of 3 stimuli in the release of vasopressin (VP) by the fetus were examined in 19 chronically instrumented fetal lambs, 118-135 days gestational age. The fetus was exposed to: 1) 30-min administration of 10% O2 to the pregnant ewe, 2) 20 min of partial occlusion of the umbilical cord, or 3) 2 min of complete occlusion of the umbilical cord. Twelve studies were conducted for each of these experimental protocols. The rises (mean +/- SE) in plasma VP in the 3 groups were 29.9 +/- 8.9, 48.9 +/- 11.5, and 157.8 +/- 12.5 pg/ml, respectively; the corresponding falls in PaO2 were 9.2 +/- 0.7, 7.7 +/- 0.9, and 12.7 +/- 1.2 mm Hg. pHa did not change in the group receiving 10% O2, fell by 0.11 +/- 0.02 and 0.14 +/- 0.01 after partial and complete occlusion of the umbilical cord. The rises in mean arterial pressure were 6 +/- 2.2, 10 +/- 1.9, and 23 +/- 3.1 mm Hg, respectively, at the end of the 3 procedures. The rise in plasma osmolality ranged from 2-8 mosmol/kg in all 3 groups. Linear regression analyses showed that log VP was negatively correlated with PaO2 (r = -0.827; P less than 0.01) and pHa (r = -0.706; P less than 0.01) and positively correlated to mean arterial pressure (r = 0.607; P = 0.01), but was not significantly correlated to plasma osmolality. Our present findings suggest that hypoxemia and acidemia are associated with and may both be potent stimuli for VP release in the hypoxic fetus. Increased release together with decreased rate of metabolism by the placenta offer an explanation for the very high VP levels found in the neonate after labor and delivery. PMID- 6628320 TI - Glycosylation of thyroglobulin--its role in secretion, iodination, and stability. AB - Tunicamycin, an inhibitor of glycosylation, was incubated with ovine thyroid cells in culture to determine the role of glycosylation in the subsequent processing of thyroglobulin to form thyroid hormone. After a 6-h preincubation with tunicamycin (1 microgram/ml), mannose incorporation into glycoproteins in the cell layer was inhibited effectively (greater than 90%), whereas leucine incorporation into proteins was inhibited by less than 30%. Conversely, the quantity of radioactively labeled proteins secreted into the medium by the thyroid cells was markedly inhibited. Thyroglobulin secretion into the medium and iodination were negligible. A low mol wt fragment of thyroglobulin was found after tunicamycin treatment, indicating increased susceptibility to or contact with proteases. These data suggest that glycosylation is obligatory for the processing of thyroglobulin, including iodination and subsequent thyroid hormone production. PMID- 6628321 TI - Tissue sites of aromatization in the female rhesus monkey. AB - Nine female rhesus monkeys (four in the follicular and five in the luteal phases of their cycles) had catheters implanted and were infused iv with [7 3H]androstenedione (A) and [4-14C]estrone (E1) for 4 h. Blood samples were drawn at intervals from the hepatic, renal, jugular, uterine, and brachial veins and the femoral artery. The samples were analyzed for radioactivity as A and E1. The mean +/- SE MCRs for A and E1 were 280 +/- 40 and 270 +/- 30 liters/day, respectively. The mean extractions across the liver measured in six of the monkeys were 0.83 +/- 0.03 for A and 0.71 +/- 0.06 for E1. The percentage of A entering each tissue, which was measured as E1 leaving the tissue (pA,E1AV), was 0.20 +/- 0.10 for splanchnic, 0.21 +/- 0.11 for renal, 0.46 +/- 0.21 for jugular, 2.36 +/- 1.27 for arm, and 0.35 +/- 0.10 for uterine veins. Because of the sampling technique, the value for the uterus may be a reflection of ovarian blood admixture with uterine blood. There were no apparent differences in tissue aromatization between values in the follicular and luteal phases of the cycle. The overall mean value for the percentage of A infused and measured as E1 in arterial blood (pA,E1BB) was 1.01 +/- 0.38%. Using previously reported tissue blood flow, we calculate that the contributions to the overall aromatization rate of tissues drained by the brachial, renal, jugular, hepatic, and uterine veins are 23%, 5%, 5%, 4%, and 0.2%, respectively. Thus, the splanchnic tissue is a minor site for extraglandular aromatization of androgens in the rhesus monkey. An important site appears to be the arm, which reflects aromatization in adipose tissue, muscle, skin, and supporting structures. PMID- 6628322 TI - The effect of dexamethasone on renal potassium excretion and acute potassium tolerance. AB - In order to further characterize the kaliuretic action of dexamethasone, the effect of the hormone on renal electrolyte excretion and potassium tolerance was evaluated. In the first set of experiments, dexamethasone was administered acutely to unreplaced adrenalectomized rats, to adrenalectomized rats replaced with a single daily injection of dexamethasone (10 micrograms/100 g X day), and to intact control rats. After dexamethasone injection (10 micrograms/100 g), urinary potassium excretion increased by 105% in unreplaced adrenalectomized rats (0.99 +/- 0.13 to 2.02 +/- 0.26 mueq/min, P less than 0.005) and by 59% in rats maintained on glucocorticoid (0.87 +/- 0.10 to 1.38 +/- 0.18 mueq/min, P less than 0.05). The kaliuresis in adrenalectomized rats was associated with a significant increase in phosphate excretion and by a tendency for urinary chloride excretion to rise. In contrast, potassium excretion was unchanged by dexamethasone in control rats. These results indicate that the kaliuretic effect of dexamethasone is influenced by the degree of glucocorticoid deficiency before hormone administration. An additional study with K loading was performed in these same three groups of rats to evaluate the effect of dexamethasone replacement on potassium tolerance. Adrenalectomized rats maintained in daily dexamethasone replacement received an additional dose of hormone (50 micrograms/100 g) before study. After KCl, plasma potassium concentration rose significantly higher in unreplaced adrenalectomized rats vs. control (2.2 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.3 +/- 0.4 meq/liter, P less than 0.05) and peak renal potassium clearance was significantly blunted (577 +/- 90 vs. 1104 +/- 120 microliter/min. P less than 0.001). This impairment in potassium tolerance could not be attributed to hypotension, acidemia, diminished urinary flow, or sodium delivery in the distal nephron in unreplaced adrenalectomized rats but may be explained by decreased renal perfusion since glomerular filtration rate at the end of study was lower than in controls. Dexamethasone replacement improved potassium tolerance (peak delta Pk = 1.7 +/- 0.1 meq/liter) and renal potassium clearance (942 +/- 60 microliter/min). These data demonstrate that dexamethasone, at the high dose employed during KCl loading, improves renal potassium tolerance by enhancing renal K clearance in adrenalectomized rats. These results explain our previous report of near normal potassium excretion in glucocorticoid replaced adrenalectomized rats. PMID- 6628324 TI - Selective macropinocytosis of thyroglobulin in rat thyroid follicles. AB - We have explored the possibility that pseudopods might provide a mechanism by which newly synthesized, hormone-poor thyroglobulin recently delivered to the follicle lumen escapes immediate reuptake and degradation. The study was performed with electron microscopic autoradiography on rats pretreated with T4 for 2 days and injected with [3H]leucine or Na125I. Pseudopods were induced by the injection of TSH (100 mU) 20 min before perfusion fixation. The density of autoradiographic grains in colloid droplets located in pseudopods was compared with the grain density in different regions of the follicle lumen. In rats injected with radioleucine 1.5 or 3 h before TSH injection, the grains were distributed in a gradient in the lumen periphery. Seventy to 80% of the grains were located over the microvillus region. The grain density over colloid droplets in pseudopods was about 10% of that over the microvillus region and similar to the density at a distance 1-2 microns from the microvillus region. After injection of Na125I, 40 min before TSH, the grains were more widely spread in the lumen, but still formed a gradient in the lumen; about 30% of the grains were associated with the microvillus region. Again, the grain density over colloid droplets in pseudopods was about the same as that at a distance 1-2 microns from the microvillus region. Our observations are compatible with the idea that pseudopods collect thyroglobulin located at some distance from the apical surface. This, together with the circumstance that newly synthesized thyroglobulin is located close to the apical plasma membrane, might provide a mechanism of selective macropinocytosis by which newly synthesized thyroglobulin recently delivered to the follicle lumen is prevented from immediate reuptake. PMID- 6628323 TI - The effects of estradiol, tamoxifen, and testosterone on the weights and histology of the epididymis and accessory sex organs of sexually immature rabbits. AB - The effects of estradiol benzoate (EB), testosterone propionate (TP), and Tamoxifen, alone or in combination, on the weight and morphology of the male accessory sex glands were studied in intact and in castrated immature rabbits. TP treatments (2 mg/kg) exerted a stimulatory effect on the glands, resulting in a significant increase in the weight of the epididymis, the proprostate, and the prostate of castrated rabbits, and of the bulbourethral glands of both intact and castrated rabbits, and in marked morphological changes in all the glands. the epithelium was stimulated but retained its pseudostratified columnar appearance and resembled more the epithelium of normal mature males than that of age matched controls. The bulbourethral glands were the most responsive and the vesicular gland the least responsive to androgen treatment. The response of the glands to EB (25 micrograms/kg) was characterized by significant weight increases in all the glands of both castrated and intact rabbits, hypertrophy of the musculo fibrous components and proliferation of the basal layer of the epithelium leading to squamous metaplasia and leukocytic infiltration. Hyperplasia of the fibromuscular stroma was most evident in the cauda epididymidis and in the vesicular gland. Squamous metaplasia and leukocytic infiltration were most evident in the ejaculatory duct and in the structures adjacent to it. The antiestrogen, Tamoxifen (250 micrograms/kg), and TP (2 mg/kg) given in conjunction with EB (25 micrograms/kg) tended to reduce the weight increase caused by estrogen, but the decrease was significant in only a few instances. Tamoxifen (250 micrograms/kg) administered alone stimulated the epithelium of the accessory sex glands and induced squamous metaplasia, but did not induce hyperplasia of the fibromuscular stroma. The study demonstrates that accessory sex glands display a consistent pattern of differential sensitivity to both androgens and estrogens and that these hormones exert their action on different cell types within the organ. PMID- 6628325 TI - Estrogen and antiestrogen effects on different lymphoid cell populations in the developing fetal thymus of guinea pig. AB - Estrogen responsiveness in the developing fetal thymus of guinea pig has been investigated. One-day estradiol (E2) treatment (1 mg/kg BW) of pregnant animals selectively decreases the number of larger lymphoid cells of the outer cortex of the fetal thymus, without affecting the global number of cortical lymphocytes. E2 treatments for longer periods (from 2 until 6 days) provoke a further impairment in the pattern of outer cortical lymphocytes, selectively reducing larger lymphoid cells, and also decrease the global number of cortical lymphocytes without affecting medullary lymphocytes. Treatment with the antiestrogen tamoxifen (2 mg/kg BW . day for 6 days) results in a transfer of cytoplasmic estrogen receptor to the nuclei of fetal thymus and also affects the histology of the fetal organ, although to a lesser extent than E2. However, when tamoxifen is administered with E2 (1 mg/kg BW . day during the last 3 days of tamoxifen treatment), it antagonizes all of the effects induced by E2 alone on the fetal thymus. The 6-day E2 treatment decreases the weight of the fetal thymus in an age dependent manner; this effect is progressively more intense from 42 days of gestation at the time of treatment (mean +/- SE, 25 +/- 5% decrease) up to the end of gestation (63 +/- 7% decrease). The effect of E2 on large lymphoid cells also increases in an age-dependent manner. The extent of the estrogen responses observed is correlated with the levels of cytoplasmic estrogen receptors, which increase from 38 days to the end of gestation. The intracellular compartmentalization of estrogen receptor shows that cytoplasmic estrogen receptors are transferred to the nuclei by E2 at both younger and older ages. It is concluded that E2 has differential actions on the lymphoid cell population of the fetal thymus of guinea pig by events antagonized by the antiestrogen tamoxifen and related to the availability and development of cytoplasmic estrogen receptors. PMID- 6628326 TI - Metabolic clearance rates of catechol estrogens in rats. AB - MCRs of the catechol estrogens 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE2) and 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OHE2) and of the parent estrogen 17 beta-estradiol (E2) were determined in rats. Long term ovariectomized Wistar rats were infused with the steroids at a constant rate for 3 days via a catheter placed in the abdominal aorta. Blood samples were drawn discontinually by retroorbital puncture, and the serum concentrations of E2, 4-OHE2, and 2-OHE2 were measured by RIA. Steady state was reached within 24 h of infusion. Mean serum MCRs were calculated to be 740 +/- 117 ml/h for E2, 2700 +/- 1000 ml/h for 4-OHE2, and 8300 +/- 1700 ml/h for 2 OHE2. Thus, the MCRs of the catechol estrogens were definitely higher than the MCR of E2 resulting in an apparent ratio of 1:4:11 (E2:4-OHE2:2-OHE2). PMID- 6628327 TI - Binding and degradation of doubly radioiodinated luteinizing hormone by mouse Leydig cells. AB - Doubly radioiodinated LH (**LH) was used to examine the fate of both subunits during interaction with freshly isolated Leydig cells. Cells that had bound **LH and were then resuspended in **LH-free medium released radioactivity continuously from both subunits in acid-soluble form, but to only a limited extent in acid precipitable form. With cells from BALB/c mice, the initial rate of release of acid-soluble radioactivity was substantially greater from alpha-subunit than from beta-subunit; this difference was not apparent with cells from Swiss-Webster mice. Appearance of acid-soluble radioactivity was inhibited by leupeptin; testosterone production was not affected. Cell-associated radioactivity declined when the resuspension medium contained unlabeled LH, but assumed a steady state when cells were incubated continuously in **LH. Thus, upon binding of LH to receptor, both subunits are internalized and degraded within the lysosome. Binding and degradation can proceed simultaneously, yet independently. LH degradation has no role in acute testosterone production. PMID- 6628328 TI - Modifications of the high and low affinity pituitary domperidone-binding sites in chronic estrogenized rats. AB - The effect of chronic estrogen treatment on the anterior pituitary domperidone binding sites was studied in female rats. The rats were implanted from 1-6 months with a Silastic capsule containing 17 beta-estradiol. The Feldman analysis of [3H]domperidone binding to anterior pituitary membranes of control or estrogenized rats revealed the presence of two sites. The binding characteristics of the higher affinity site were identical for both groups (Kd of the high affinity site, 0.30-0.45 nM; maximum number of binding sites of the high affinity site, 74-95 fmol/mg protein); however, those of the lower affinity site were affected by the estrogen treatment: the Kd of the low affinity site increased from 17.4 +/- 3.2 to 41.5 +/- 9 (+/- SE) nM, and the maximum number of binding sites of the low affinity site increased from 214 +/- 22 to 343 +/- 35 fmol/mg protein. Thus, in chronic estrogenized rats, the total number of binding sites was increased by 54%. These changes, induced by chronic estrogenization, were reversible, since 2 weeks after removal of the 17 beta-estradiol pellet, the binding characteristics were no longer different from those observed in control rats. In contrast to chronic estrogen treatment, ovariectomy reduced markedly the total number of [3H]domperidone-binding sites in anterior pituitary membranes ( 70%). Feldman analysis revealed that this reduction resulted from the complete disappearance of the low affinity sites in those membranes. No significant change in the binding characteristics of the high affinity site was detected in ovariectomized rats. Since estradiol induces a decrease in the anterior pituitary content of dopamine, a denervation supersensitivity-like mechanism might be responsible for the increase in pituitary domperidone-binding sites in estrogenized rats. Conversely, a hyposensitivity mechanism could be implicated in the decrease in the total number of the pituitary domperidone-binding sites in ovariectomized rats, since pituitary dopamine levels are increased in those animals. Whether the antidopaminergic properties of estrogen are also involved in this modulation after chronic estradiol treatment requires further investigation. PMID- 6628329 TI - Aldosterone-binding sites in pregnant and lactating rat mammary glands. AB - We have identified and characterized aldosterone-binding sites in the mammary gland of pregnant and lactating rats by using the highly specific glucocorticoid RU26988 (11 beta, 17 beta-dihydroxy-17 alpha-propynyl-androsta-1,4,6-triene-3 one) to eliminate aldosterone binding to classical glucocorticoid (type II) binding sites. The hierarchy of affinity of steroids competing for aldosterone in the presence of RU26988 was similar in mammary glands of pregnant and lactating rats and kidneys of lactating rats: deoxycorticosterone greater than aldosterone greater than or equal to corticosterone greater than dexamethasone; this pattern is similar but not identical to that for the mineralocorticoid (type I) receptor of a classical mineralocorticoid target organ, the kidney of the virgin female rat, where aldosterone has a higher affinity than corticosterone. This pattern (aldosterone greater than corticosterone) was also found in renal cytosols of pregnant rats. To define these aldosterone-binding sites in terms of dissociation constant and number of sites, it was necessary to pretreat cytosols with charcoal. Without this treatment, curvilinear Scatchard plots were obtained. After pretreatment with charcoal, subsequent Scatchard analysis indicated a single class of site with low capacity (3-33 fmol/mg protein) and dissociation constants of about 1-3 nM in kidneys and mammary glands of pregnant and lactating rats. The occupancy of this site in vivo may depend on the relative tissue concentrations of aldosterone or corticosterone, which, in turn, are modulated by the levels of extravascular transcortin. PMID- 6628330 TI - The postnatal ontogeny of rat uterine ornithine decarboxylase: acquisition of a second peak of estrogen-induced enzyme activity. AB - Uterine ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity is reported to increase after estrogen administration to fetal, neonatal, immature, and adult rats, suggesting that it may be a useful marker in studies of the development of estrogen responsiveness. Standard conditions were validated for enzyme assay of uterine cytosols from 5-day-old rats, and it was demonstrated that full activity was retained after freezing cytosol in liquid N2. Maximal activity, obtained 6 h after the injection of 10 micrograms estradiol (E2) to 5-day-old rats, was also elicited by the same dose of mestranol, ethynylestradiol, diethylstilbestrol, or moxestrol. Progesterone, testosterone, and low doses of the antiestrogens clomiphene and tamoxifen failed to alter background ODC levels, while high antiestrogen doses induced small increases in enzyme activity. The glucocorticoid prednisolone lowered ODC activity. Dose-response curves established that E2 was more effective in increasing adult ODC levels (ED50 = 0.2 micrograms/kg E2) than neonatal ODC levels (ED50 = 2 micrograms/kg E2). Time-course measurements were conducted over 24 h in control and E2-injected animals on postnatal days 5, 10, 14, 20, and 28 and in 60-day-old ovariectomized adults. While an age-dependent decrease in control and 6 h E2-induced ODC levels was observed, there was an unexpected progressive development by day 28 of a second peak of E2-induced ODC at 15-18 h. The 6 h neonatal and 6 and 15-18 h adult ODC peaks had apparent Km values for ornithine near 0.2 mM. The potential origin of the second peak and its relationship to other uterine events are discussed. PMID- 6628331 TI - Estrogen-induced creatine kinase in the reproductive system of the immature female rat. AB - An increase in the biosynthetic rate of the brain-type isozyme of creatine kinase (CKBB, first described in the uterus as the "estrogen-induced protein") was found in the ovary, vagina and estrogen receptor-rich regions of the brain (preoptic area, anterior hypothalamus and median eminence), one hour after injection of 5 micrograms of estradiol-17 beta into 25-28 day-old rats. The increase in synthetic rate in the ovary, detected by 35S methionine incorporation, peaked at 1h, but still remained higher than in control ovaries at 6 h and was reflected in a longer-term increase in ovarian CK specific activity after 4 daily injections. Both ovary and vagina, similarly to brain, contained exclusively the BB isozyme of CK. These findings suggest that the entire female reproductive system can respond to estrogen by a rapid induction of CKBB. PMID- 6628333 TI - Transferrin binds specifically to pachytene spermatocytes. AB - We have examined the secretion and binding of transferrin to rat testicular cells. The only testicular cells found to secrete transferrin were the Sertoli cells (control 549 +/- 6; FSH 1020 +/- 17 ng/day X 10(6) cells, mean +/- SEM). The Sertoli cells also contained specific binding sites for transferrin with a Kd of 2.0 X 10(-9)M. Of the other testicular cells examined only fractions rich in pachytene spermatocytes possessed specific transferrin-binding sites. Late pachytene spermatocytes (97% pure) bound [125I]iodotransferrin with a similar affinity as Sertoli cells (Kd 1.7 X 10(-9)M). Fractions of early and mid pachytene spermatocytes contained transferrin-binding sites with a higher affinity (Kd 0.3 X 10(-9)M). This is the first report of a protein that has specific binding sites on germ cells. PMID- 6628332 TI - Macrophages: a source of luteotropic cybernins. AB - A macrophage homogenate contained substances which stimulated primary cultures of mouse granulosa cells to secrete more progesterone. The response to the luteotropic substances was similar to that observed when intact macrophages were co-cultured with granulosa cells. The bioactive polypeptides present in cytosolic and particulate fractions of cell homogenates were non-dialyzable, heat labile and trypsin sensitive. When the surface of intact macrophages was treated with trypsin there was a loss of activity from the particulate fraction suggesting that some luteotropic proteins reside on the plasma membrane of mononuclear phagocytes. Treatment of macrophages with Con A but not the succinyl derivative of the lectin caused a release of luteotropic proteins with apparent molecular weights of 26,000 and 41,000. These findings in conjunction with our prior observation that macrophages must contact granulosa cells to stimulate progesterone secretion suggest that aggregation of mononuclear cell surface proteins may occur when the two cells interact thus resulting in the expression of luteotropic activity. Hence, it appears that macrophages which are found within corpus luteum may be a source of ovarian cybernins. This is the first description that a cell of the immune system can communicate at the molecular level with a steroid secreting cell of the ovary. PMID- 6628334 TI - [Beta-glucuronidase in lymphocytes of patients with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6628335 TI - Physical and biological considerations militating against the use of endoscopically applied high-frequency current in the abdomen. AB - In general surgery, high-frequency current is a routine method of producing destructive heat for hemostasis. The so-called "skin effect" prohibits any electric reactions into the human nervous or muscle tissue. When using high frequency current in the closed abdominal cavity, the nature of the current forces is to go unpredictable ways. This fact provokes unforeseen damage (bowel, ureter, skin burns) which are method-induced and cannot be excluded even with extreme care in the handling of the high-frequency current during tubal sterilization or other endoscopic haemostasis procedures. All biological and physical data are presented that support the demand that high-frequency current must be excluded from pelviscopy e.g. laparoscopy, and a new technique called "endocoagulation" is described, which can replace the intraabdominal use of high frequency current during pelviscopy. PMID- 6628336 TI - The incidence of bacteremia after outpatient Hurst bougienage in the management of benign esophageal stricture. AB - Transient bacteremia occurs in a variety of gastrointestinal procedures. Of 13 patients with a benign esophageal stricture treated as out-patients by the passage of Hurst mercury bougies only one developed transient bacteremia which occurred five minutes after dilation. We do not therefore recommend routine antibiotic prophylaxis for patients undergoing this type of management. Attention should be given to the manner in which dilators are cleaned and stored. PMID- 6628337 TI - Endoscopy of lower respiratory tract scleroma. AB - Eleven cases of scleroma with lower respiratory tract affection were examined by the flexible and rigid bronchoscopes. The patterns of laryngeal, tracheal and bronchial scleroma as seen through the flexible scope are presented. In the larynx, diffuse and localized forms are found. The trachea was affected by granular or atrophic lesions. Stenosis of the main bronchi was seen in two patients. The present-day treatment of lower respiratory tract scleroma is discussed. PMID- 6628338 TI - Comparison of flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy and scalene lymph node biopsy in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. AB - The diagnostic accuracy achieved by taking bronchial mucosal and lung biopsies through flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopes was compared with scalene lymph node biopsy in 55 patients with sarcoidosis. The diagnostic yield with flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy was 62 per cent in the whole material and increased to 76 per cent in patients with stage II sarcoidosis. Scalene lymph node biopsy was positive in 80 per cent. Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy is a useful method for obtaining biopsy material in sarcoidosis, especially in stage II sarcoidosis. We consider flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy and scalene lymph node biopsy the methods of choice in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. PMID- 6628339 TI - Indications for endoscopic Nd-YAG laser surgery in the trachea and bronchus. AB - Nd-YAG laser surgery via the fiberoptic bronchoscope can vaporize lesions causing airway obstruction or stenosis located from the trachea to segmental bronchi with minimized danger of bleeding, and improve ventilatory disturbances. 35 lesions in the trachea and bronchus consisting of 27 malignant lesions and 8 benign lesions were treated with endoscopic Nd-YAG laser surgery. The procedures were performed under local anesthesia, and no significant side effects were recognized. The lesions was irradiated with 20-80 W. power. In most cases a continuous wave was used, but in cases of early stage squamous cell carcinoma intermittent irradiation of 0.5 second laser spots were used. In 21 of 35 cases effective results were obtained. The non-effective results obtained in 14 cases were considered to be due to inexact preprocedural evaluation of the extent of the lesions. Effective results were obtained in 11 of 13 lesions located in the trachea, in 3 of 5 lesions in the trachea and bronchus and in 7 of 17 lesions in the bronchus. Tumor in the trachea with severe ventilatory disturbance is a good indication for Nd-YAG laser surgery to rapidly alleviate symptoms. But in cases of lung cancer, indications even as a palliative procedure are limited to those cases in which the lung parenchyma distal to the stenotic portion is viable. However, the indications for this procedure as a curative modality are extremely limited. PMID- 6628340 TI - Transpapillary bile duct drainage with a large-caliber endoprosthesis. AB - A new method for transpapillary bile duct drainage by means of a large-caliber endoprosthesis is described. It facilitates the transpapillary introduction of endoprostheses with an internal diameter of 3.5 to 5 mm irrespective of the actual diameter of the duodenoscope instrument channel. The method has been successfully employed in 6 out of 8 patients with malignant obstructive jaundice, uncomplicated by cholangitis. It offers an acceptable alternative to palliative surgical biliodigestive anastomosis. PMID- 6628341 TI - Mechanical gallstone lithotripsy in the common bile duct--in-vitro and in-vivo experience. AB - A prototype of a mechanical gallstone lithotripter is described. In vitro 29 gallstones were crushed without difficulty. After performing stone crushing in the common bile ducts of 3 corpses, the prepared ducts were not leaky and no damage to the tissue was observed. In 8 patients 10 common bile duct stones were crushed without complications. Mechanical gallstone lithotripsy has proved to be a safe procedure. With its aid the removal of small stones by endoscopic papillary dilatation has become possible. Large stones in patients with a high papillotomy risk can be crushed before extraction. PMID- 6628342 TI - Reference electrode sites for potential difference measurements in the gastrointestinal tract. AB - Simpler alternatives to the use of an intravenous reference electrode for potential difference measurement in the gastrointestinal tract were considered. Lancet puncture of the forearm skin, and intradermal injection of 0.1 ml 154 mmol/l NaCl into the forearm were shown to effectively abolish the skin-blood potential difference, thereby rendering such sites suitable for reference electrode placement. Another acceptable method was to use an intravenous "butterfly" cannula filled with heparinized saline. The tip of the electrolyte bridge was inserted into the distal end of the cannula, thereby making indirect contact with the bloodstream. It is suggested that the use of any one of these three methods of reference electrode placement would facilitate the measurement of esophageal or gastrointestinal potential difference during a routine endoscopy without significantly altering the accuracy of the measurements. PMID- 6628343 TI - Evaluation of the new giant-biopsy forceps in the diagnosis of mucosal and submucosal gastric lesions. AB - In order to improve the diagnosis of gastric disorders on the basis of biopsy material, we devised larger biopsy forceps (5 mm X 2.5 mm in inside dimensions) which fit into the newer fibergastroscope, GIF-1T (Olympus). Samples from 116 cases yielded 276 specimens; 179 specimens (64.8%) showed the full-thickness of the mucosa with muscularis mucosae, and approximately one-third of the total specimens included a considerable amount of submucosal tissue, but none of them contained parts of muscularis propria. In 4 out of 36 gastric carcinoma cases there was inconsistency between endoscopic and histological recognition of the proximal border of carcinomatous infiltration. Differentiation between adenoma and IIa, and benign and malignant lymphoma were more feasible with our forceps. No complications apart from minor bleeding were seen. PMID- 6628344 TI - Peranal dilatation of a postsurgical colonic stenosis by means of a flexible endoscope. AB - Colonic stenosis following resection and end-to-end-anastomosis of the colon is observed in 2-5% of all patients. The authors report that a patient with repeated episodes of colonic stenosis after resection of the sigmoid was successfully treated with an Eder-Puestow dilatator by means of a flexible endoscope. PMID- 6628345 TI - Gallstone, causing bleeding and pyloric stenosis syndrome, diagnosed by urgent gastroscopy. AB - By means of urgent gastroscopy the authors, right before surgery, recognized a pyloric stenosis syndrome and a gallstone that had caused massive melena in a female patient of 73. Cholecystectomy and a Billroth II gastric resection were performed. Following surgery, a transitory duodenal fistula developed. After a month of clinical treatment the patient was sent home cured. This case draws attention to the importance of removing a gallbladder filled with stones as soon as possible in order to prevent complications, as well as to the necessity for gastroscopy in cases of unexplained abdominal complaints. PMID- 6628346 TI - A case of ovarian dermoid cyst with malignant transformation perforated into the rectosigmoid colon and small intestine. AB - A 72-year-old female was admitted to hospital with diarrhea containing hair. The abdominal plain film showed teeth-like structures in the right lower quadrant. Barium enema and endoscopic examination were performed, and the results indicated a possible dermoid cyst perforated into the rectosigmoid colon and small intestine. The operation revealed a dermoid cyst of the right ovary perforated into the rectosigmoid colon and small intestine. Histopathologically, a dermoid cyst and in part well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma invading the rectosigmoid and small intestine were demonstrated. PMID- 6628347 TI - The pleura: a combined light microscopic and scanning and transmission electron microscopic study in the sheep. II. Response to injury. AB - The effects of acid-induced injury to the full thickness of the ovine pleura were studied using light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. Thirty minutes after injury, the mesothelial layer had disappeared and necrosis extended down to the subjacent alveolar walls. This was followed by an exudative phase, with edema of the pleural interstitium and subjacent alveoli, together with a marked congestion of alveolar capillaries that peaked at 2 days. Subsequently, the edema and congestion subsided and proliferation of fibroblasts and histiocytes was seen in the pleural interstitium. The subjacent alveoli were considerably distorted by interstitial thickening and alveolar type II cell proliferation. Unlike other studies in the peritoneum, no evidence for a diffuse recolonization of the mesothelial surface was found. Our work indicates that the damaged surface is rapidly covered by a layer of fibrin. Cells from the wound edges became plump and their processes projected toward the denuded region, indicating a process of centripetal healing, with migration of cells in irregular wedges to recolonize the surface. PMID- 6628348 TI - Distribution of nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial (Clara) cells in intra- and extrapulmonary airways of the rabbit. AB - Three types of nonciliated secretory epithelial cells are thought to contribute to the mucous lining of intrapulmonary airways: mucous cells, serous cells, and Clara cells. The Clara cell is distinguished from the other two by low cuboidal shape, presence of membrane-bound electron-dense ovoid secretory granuLes, abundant apical agranular endoplasmic reticulum (AER), and its location as the lining cell of distal conducting airways (bronchioles). The present study was designed to define the distribution of the Clara cell within the trachea and intrapulmonary airway tree. We correlated airway size, generation of branching, and airway wall components with Clara cell morphology and abundance. Lungs of 6 male rabbits (8-15 weeks old) free of respiratory disease were fixed by airway infusion of glutaraldehyde/paraformaldehyde at 30 cm pressure. The trachea, primary bronchi, and airways of the right cranial lobe of each lung were exposed by microdissection. The branching pattern was recorded and numbered. One half of the dissected lung was processed for scanning electron microscopy and the other half embedded as large epoxy blocks for simultaneous transmission electron and light microscopy. The percentages of ciliated, mucous, nonciliated, and basal epithelial cells were quantitated by light microscopy. Basal cells and peribronchial cartilage were absent distal to the fourth intrapulmonary generation in both the axial airway and its first major branch. Mucous (goblet) cells were present (less than 2%) only in trachea and primary and lobar bronchi. Nonciliated cells were more abundant distally, constituting 21%-45% of the epithelium in cartilaginous airways and 35%-65% in noncartilaginous ones. In the first six airway generations including trachea, nonciliated cells were without large apical protrusions but were covered by long microvilli. Cells of more distal airways had prominent apical protrusions and lacked microvilli. Nonciliated cells in all airways had abundant apical AER, granular endoplasmic reticulum (GER), and electron-dense ovoid granules. Cells in proximal airways were columnar rather than low cuboidal and had more GER. Only nonciliated cell shape, luminal surface, and granule abundance varied with airway size and generation. We concluded that the nonciliated secretory cell lining all intrapulmonary airways in the rabbit lung is one cell type, the Clara cell. PMID- 6628349 TI - A new substrate for the measurement of N-acetyltransferase activity. AB - A sensitive colorimetric method for the measurement of N-acetyltransferase (NAT) is described. It is based on the high rate of acetylation of 2-(p aminobenzamido)pyridine by the liver enzyme and the lack of it by the blood NAT. A linear relationship was found between enzyme concentration and reaction rate. The reaction rate was also proportional to the substrate concentration. Inhibition of the reaction was observed at high substrate concentrations. The NAT levels in the liver and kidney of rat, rabbit, mouse and man were measured using this procedure. The tissues of dog failed to acetylate this substrate. The method is applicable to kinetic studies such as the analysis of inhibition reactions with o-phenanthroline and p-chloromercuribenzoate. PMID- 6628350 TI - Superoxide dismutase in mouse brain, liver and heart in the presence and absence of dietary vitamin E1. AB - Three groups of weanling mice, 8 to a group, were fed three different diets for a 12-month period. The first group was fed a basal diet deficient in vitamin E, the second group was fed the basal diet plus 30 mg/kg diet d-alpha-tocopheryl acetate and the third group, the basal diet plus 300 mg/kg diet d-alpha-tocopheryl acetate. After 12 months, superoxide dismutase activity was measured in the liver, brain and heart. The enzyme activity in the liver was found to be 10 times the activity in either the brain or the heart. Dietary alpha-tocopherol did not influence superoxide dismutase activity in any of the tissues studied. PMID- 6628351 TI - Purine de novo synthesis in liver and developing rat brain, and the effect of some inhibitors of purine nucleotide interconversion. AB - The rate of purine de novo synthesis from sodium formate in developing rat brain falls in the late gestational stages to birth, rises again in the 1st week of life and then decreases rapidly to the 3rd week, and continues declining up to 8 weeks of life (adulthood). The changes in the overall purine biosynthetic rate with respect to time are similar to those in the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme [amidophosphoribosyltransferase (phosphoribosyl diphosphate amidotransferase; EC 2.4.2.14)]. Azaserine [O-diazoacetyl-L-serine], a known inhibitor of glutamine requiring metabolic steps, inhibits purine de novo synthesis by more than 90%. This confirms that the method used to assess purine de novo synthesis in fact does so. The effects of virazole [1-beta-ribofuranosyl 1-H,1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide], an inhibitor of IMP dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.14), and of alanosine [L-2-amino-3-(hydroxynitrosamino)propanoic acid] an inhibitor of adenylosuccinate synthetase (EC 6.3.4.4), on the rate of purine de novo synthesis were investigated in liver and brain tissue. The effect of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol [4-hydroxypyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine] was also investigated in liver tissue. The biosynthesis of the purines which were extruded into the incubation medium as well as those which remained in the tissue was studied. Only inhibitory effects were observed, and these were confined to the purines remaining in the tissue. Allopurinol was completely inert from this viewpoint. The results are compared with those of other workers using lymphoid cells, and emphasize the differences in the control of de novo purine synthesis in different tissues and under different conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6628352 TI - Immobilization of S-methyltransferase. AB - S-methyltransferase was solubilized from pig liver microsomes by treatment with N dodecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-sulfonate (Zwittergent). The soluble enzyme was immobilized by covalent binding to agarose and by copolymerization with acrylamide. The specific activity for the agarose-bound enzyme towards the substrate ethane thiol was 0.87 nmol/min/mg and for the acrylamide-bound enzyme 0.55 nmol/min/mg. The specific activity of the soluble enzyme was found to vary with increasing chain length of the substrate molecules from 0.5 nmol/min/mg for methane thiol (C1) to 6.3 nmol/min/mg for n-heptane thiol (C7). After binding of the enzyme to agarose beads, the increase in specific activity towards substrates with increasing chain length was no longer detectable. Instead, a relatively constant specific activity of 1.1 nmol/min/mg was observed for the whole range of substrates tested from C1 to C7. The stability of the agarose immobilized enzyme at -20 degrees C is twice as good as the soluble enzyme. The acrylamide immobilized enzyme is less stable than the soluble enzyme. PMID- 6628353 TI - Solubilization characteristics of pig liver S-methyltransferase. AB - S-methyltransferase was solubilized from pig liver microsomes by five different types of detergents: Triton X-100, zetyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide, sodium cholate, Zwittergent, and sodium dodecylsulfate. As regards enzyme activity, stability, and critical detergent concentration, Zwittergent proved superior to the four other detergents utilized. A striking difference was found in the catalytic activity relative to the chain length of homologous substrates between the microsomal and the solubilized enzyme. The microsomal enzyme preparation showed highest activity towards C1 substrate (methane thiol) while the solubilized enzyme had its maximal activity for C7 substrate. This observation accorded with the active site affinity for the corresponding substrates. From the reaction of the enzyme to the different detergents and the distribution coefficient of substrates in membranes and cytosol, it can be deduced that the enzyme is located on the surface of microsomal membranes with the active site directed towards the cytoplasm. PMID- 6628354 TI - Medical ergonomics. PMID- 6628355 TI - Fire safety in hospitals. PMID- 6628356 TI - The peculiar problems of equipment design. PMID- 6628357 TI - The development of ergonomics data for health-building design guidance. PMID- 6628358 TI - Heart rates of surgeons in theatre. PMID- 6628359 TI - Dynamics of cruciform extrusion in supercoiled DNA: use of a synthetic inverted repeat to study conformational populations. AB - An inverted repeat has been created in a plasmid by ligation of two 13 nucleotide synthetic oligonucleotides into the cloning vector pAT153. The resulting recombinant plasmid, pIRbke8, is hypersensitive to cleavage by the single-strand specific nuclease S1, and to modification by the single-strand-selective reagent bromoacetaldehyde, when the plasmid is negatively supercoiled. The new inverted repeat is a stronger S1 site than those derived from pBR322, but, in contrast to the ColE1 and phi X174 RF inverted repeats, these repeats share a similar temperature dependence. The kinetics of EcoRI cleavage at the centre of the synthetic inverted repeat have been studied in supercoiled and linear molecules. It is found that in the supercoiled molecule this target is not refractory to EcoRI cleavage to an extent which is greater than the resolution of the experiment. We conclude that in this molecule the cruciform is in a dynamic equilibrium with the regular duplex, in which the cruciform constitutes a relatively small subpopulation of conformational species. PMID- 6628360 TI - Insect immunity. Attacins, a family of antibacterial proteins from Hyalophora cecropia. AB - Six closely related antibacterial proteins, attacins A-F, were isolated from the hemolymph of immunized pupae of the Cecropia moth, Hyalophora cecropia. Chromatofocusing separated attacins A-F, with isoelectric points between 5.7 and 8.3. Immunological experiments show that the attacins constitute antibacterially active forms of the previously isolated inducible immune protein P5. Their mol. wts., 20-23 K, are similar to that of protein P5, but significantly lower than 28 K found for preP5 synthesized in vitro (see accompanying paper). The six attacins can be divided into two groups according to their amino acid composition and amino-terminal sequences, attacins A-D constitute a basic group and attacins E and F an acidic one. Within each group the forms are very similar. The attacins efficiently killed Escherichia coli and two other Gram-negative bacteria isolated from the gut of a silk worm but they did not act on other Gram-positive and Gram negative bacteria tested. Only growing cells of E. coli were attacked; cells suspended in phosphate buffer were inert. Besides the cecropins and lysozyme, the attacins represent a third class of antibacterial proteins in the humoral immune system of H. cecropia. PMID- 6628361 TI - Insect immunity. Isolation of cDNA clones corresponding to attacins and immune protein P4 from Hyalophora cecropia. AB - Diapausing pupae of the Cecropia moth (Hyalophora cecropia) respond to an injection of live bacteria by the selective synthesis of certain types of RNA and immune proteins (designated P1-P9). The in vitro translation products of RNA from both injured and infected pupae showed specific patterns with a defined number of extra bands. Some proteins characteristic of the normal RNA were reduced in the immune RNA translation products. Antibody reaction was used to show the selective synthesis of immune proteins P4 and P5 with mRNA from pupae subjected to injury or infection. The protein synthesized in vitro, which cross-reacted with P5 antibodies, is most likely a precursor of the attacins described in the preceding paper. A cDNA clone bank was prepared and two clones were isolated and shown to contain 750 bp corresponding to P4 and 250 bp of attacin information. These clones were used to estimate the sizes of the mRNAs by Northern blotting and to estimate, by RNA/DNA hybridization, the levels of P4 and P5 mRNA. In vivo incorporation of [35S]methionine into attacins and P4 during different conditions was compared with the levels of the corresponding mRNA. PMID- 6628362 TI - Electron microscopic studies of the different topological forms of the cauliflower mosaic virus DNA: knotted encapsidated DNA and nuclear minichromosome. AB - Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) DNA exists under different topological forms in infected plants. First, the population of encapsidated CaMV DNA molecules appears heterogeneous when analysed by gel electrophoresis. The electron microscopic study reported here reveals that CaMV virion DNA contains simple and multiple topological knots. Second, a supercoiled DNA form never found in virions exists as a chromatin-like nucleoprotein complex with nucleosome subunits in the nuclei of infected leaves. The compaction ratio of the minichromosomes is compatible with the nucleosomal structure, the number of nucleosomes (41.0 +/- 2.5) is in keeping with the length of the viral genome. PMID- 6628363 TI - Three-dimensional models of the tRNA-like 3' termini of some plant viral RNAs. AB - Various plant viral RNAs possess a 3' terminus with tRNA-like properties. These viral RNAs are charged with an amino acid upon incubation with the cognate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and ATP. We have studied the structure of end-labelled 3'-terminal fragments of turnip yellow mosaic virus RNA and brome mosaic virus RNA 2 with chemical modifications of the adenosine and cytidine residues and with enzymatic digestions using RNase T1, nuclease S1 and the double-strand-specific ribonuclease from cobra venom. The data indicate that the 3' termini of these plant viral RNAs lack a cloverleaf structure as found in classical tRNA. The three-dimensional folding, however, reveals a striking resemblance with classical tRNA. The models proposed are supported by phylogenetic data. Apparently distinct three-dimensional solutions have evolved to meet the requirements for faithful recognition by tRNA-specific enzymes. The way in which the aminoacyl acceptor arms of these tRNA-like structures are constructed reveal novel features in RNA folding which may have a bearing on the secondary and tertiary structures of RNA in general. The dynamic behaviour of brome mosaic virus RNA 2 in solution presumably is illustrative of conformational transitions, which RNAs generally undergo on changing the ionic conditions. PMID- 6628365 TI - Apparent relatedness of the main component of ovine 1.714 satellite DNA to bovine 1.715 satellite DNA. AB - The nucleotide sequence of the principal component of ovine 1.714 g/cm3 satellite DNA was determined from a monomeric fragment inserted at the BamHI site of pBR322 and cloned in Escherichia coli strain RR1. The 816-bp tandemly repeated sequence contains a number of small repeated sequences dispersed within it, one group of which forms a pentameric tandem repeat of a 13-bp segment (positions 548-612). A 20-bp region (60-79) shows an 85% homology with the reverse-complement of the sequence from 455 through 474. There are two regions of 67 bp (75-141) and 59 bp (755-813) which show greater than 70% homology with regions of bovine 1.715 g/cm3 satellite DNA (1402 bp; positions 1218-1284 and 1079-1137, respectively) while a 31-bp region (ovine 62-92, bovine 133-163) shows 80% homology. Quasi-correlation coefficients (Qr) were determined using the triplet numbers of the sheep satellite versus all sequences in the National Biomedical Research Foundation and EMBL nucleotide sequence data bases. Qr equals 0.85 for ovine 1.714 g/cm3 satellite versus bovine 1.715 g/cm3 satellite. The next highest Qr for a bovine satellite segment was 0.58. Thus, the ovine 1.714 g/cm3 and bovine 1.715 g/cm3 satellite appear demonstrably related. Taking into account that sheep and cattle diverged 18-20 million years ago, this suggests that the material may be functional and that its function is related to its sequence. PMID- 6628364 TI - Identification by cross-linking of a beta-bungarotoxin binding polypeptide in chick brain membranes. AB - beta-Bungarotoxin (beta-BTX) is a snake venom neurotoxin which inhibits neurotransmitter release from different types of nerve terminals. To identify presynaptic membrane components potentially important in neurosecretion, 125I labeled beta-BTX (mol. wt. 21 000) was cross-linked to a high-affinity binding site in synaptic membrane fractions of chick brain using the photoactivable cross linker N-succinimidyl-6(4'-azido-2'-nitrophenylamino)-hexanoate. Electrophoretic analysis of the cross-linked membrane proteins under both reducing and non reducing conditions revealed a single [125I]beta-BTX-polypeptide adduct of apparent mol. wt. 116 000 (+/- 2000). The labeling of this band was prevented under conditions previously shown to inhibit the binding of [125I]beta-BTX to its high-affinity binding site. It is concluded that the cross-linking procedure identified a polypeptide of the presynaptic binding site for beta-BTX, and that this polypeptide has a mol. wt. of 95 000. PMID- 6628366 TI - Occurrence of hepatitis B surface antigen and its antibody in Ethiopian blood donors. PMID- 6628367 TI - Staphylococcus aureus isolates from a surgical department: nasal carriage, environmental contamination, and susceptibilities to antimicrobials. PMID- 6628368 TI - Hypertension amongst bank employees in urban Ethiopia. PMID- 6628369 TI - Trypanosomiasis in Gambela, western Ethiopia. PMID- 6628370 TI - Endemic elephantiasis: early signs and symptoms, and control. PMID- 6628371 TI - Human plasma resistant strain of Trypanozoon isolated from cattle in Gamo Gofa. PMID- 6628372 TI - Hepatitis B vaccination of high-risk individuals in the canton of Zurich. AB - In an effort to vaccinate as many high-risk individuals as possible against hepatitis B, 10,484 persons received a total of 27,818 injections of H-B-Vax (Merck Sharp & Dohme) or HEVAC B (Sanofi/Pasteur) between January 1982 and January 1983. They represented 1.1% of the total population of the canton of Zurich including approximately 70% of all medical and dental personnel, a great proportion of eligible high-risk patients and contacts of HBs Ag carriers, but not more than 10% of drug addicts and promiscuous homosexuals. Twelve to 17% of the vaccine injections were accompanied by side effects which were benign in nature and transitory. Six vaccinated individuals developed hepatitis B, all within 60 days after the first vaccine dose. One hundred and seventy-seven cases of hepatitis B were recorded in 1982, 109 in the first half of the year and 68 in the second half. It was concluded that the vaccination campaign provided protection for medical and dental personnel. There was still no conclusive evidence of a vaccine-related drop in the incidence of hepatitis B in other high risk groups vaccinated or - as a secondary effect - in other non-vaccinated populations. PMID- 6628373 TI - Antibiotic-induced modification of Bacteroides fragilis and its susceptibility to phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - Bacteroides fragilis grown in the presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of clindamycin was shown to be altered its degree of encapsulation and susceptibility to phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Little polysaccharide capsule could be demonstrated either by light or transmission electron microscopy when the bacteria were grown anaerobically for four hours in the presence of 1/2 MIC of clindamycin. Such clindamycin-grown cells could be opsonized by normal human serum, and although less complement was consumed in the process, were more effectively taken up by the leukocytes than bacteria grown in the absence of the drug (45% versus 24%). It was also shown that drug treatment caused significant cellular leakage in the presence of serum, the 3H-label appearing extracellularly. In addition there was greater loss of viability of the bacterial cells grown in the presence of the drug and subsequently exposed to the leukocytes for 60 min. PMID- 6628374 TI - Susceptibility of gram-positive aerobic cocci to the new cephalosporin HR 810. PMID- 6628375 TI - Legionnaires disease in northern Italy. PMID- 6628376 TI - Serotyping of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli on the basis of thermostable antigens. AB - Hippurate hydrolysis tests performed on the serotype reference strains of the serotyping scheme based on thermostable antigens under development for Campylobacter jejuni showed that 42 strains were Campylobacter jejuni and 17 were Campylobacter coli. Moreover, only four (0.2%) of 2025 hippurate positive Campylobacter jejuni isolates reacted in Campylobacter coli antisera and 12 (4.3%) of the 282 Campylobacter coli reacted in Campylobacter jejuni antisera. Evidently each species has its own array of antigenic specificities. Separate schemes for serotyping Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are advocated. PMID- 6628377 TI - Survival of Campylobacter jejuni in the presence of bisulfite and different atmospheres. AB - The effects of bisulfite, atmospheric oxygen content, and temperature on death of Campylobacter jejuni were studied to more fully define the optimum conditions for survival. Temperature was the most influential factor affecting survival, death occurring up to eight times more rapidly at 25 degrees C than at 4 degrees C. Survival was greater in an oxygen-free environment (100% N2) than in the presence of any level of oxygen, i.e. 5, 21 or 100% O2; however, factors other than oxygen concentration appeared to have a much greater influence on death of Campylobacter jejuni at 25 degrees C than at 4 degrees C. Greater survival at each temperature and oxygen concentration occurred in the presence of 0.01% sodium bisulfite than in no or 0.05% sodium bisulfite. In most instances, 0.05% sodium bisulfite was toxic to Campylobacter jejuni, as the organism died more rapidly in medium containing this level of bisulfite than no bisulfite. Results indicate that cultures to be transported and/or assayed for Campylobacter jejuni at a later date would best be suspended in a medium containing 0.01% sodium bisulfite, held in an anaerobic environment, and maintained at 4 degrees C. PMID- 6628378 TI - A restaurant associated Campylobacter outbreak. PMID- 6628379 TI - Acetylation and methylation sites in histone H4 from Physarum polycephalum. AB - Histone H4 has been isolated and purified from plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum. The four major fragments produced by hydrolysis of H4 by acetic acid were separated and the complete amino acid sequence of two of them was determined. By analogy with calf H4, these peptides are at the C-terminus and give the sequence from residue 68 to the C-terminus (residue 102). In this 35 residue sequence there are two minor differences from calf H4: (i) residue 77 is arginine in Physarum H4 and lysine in calf H4; (ii) lysine-79 is partially methylated in Physarum. Arginine occurs at position 77 in pea H4 but the occurrence of methylated lysine at position 79 has not been reported for other species. In the N-terminal region, amino acid compositions of acetic acid, tryptic and chymotryptic peptides indicate that Physarum H4 and calf H4 have identical sequences from the N-terminus to residue 47. There may be minor differences in the region from residue 46 to residue 67. The sites of acetylation were determined by Edman degradation of acetate-labelled peptide 4-17 of Physarum H4. Acetylation was observed at positions 5, 8, 12, and 16. The only other labelled peptide was the N-terminal peptide, which is not susceptible to Edman degradation and is thus probably alpha-N-acetylated as in most other organisms. The results confirm the conservation of H4 sequence and place Physarum H4 in an intermediate position between lower eukaryote H4, such as yeast or Tetrahymena H4, and higher eukaryote H4, such as mammalian H4 or pea H4. PMID- 6628380 TI - Intracellular forms of transferrin oligosaccharide chains in rat liver. AB - Glycosylation of transferrin was investigated in vivo by using antibody monospecific for rat serum transferrin. Pulse-chase experiments indicated that, after intravenous injection of [35S]methionine, labeled transferrin appeared in the rough and smooth microsomes and Golgi subfractions in rapid succession in 10 min and that an additional 10 min was required for it to be secreted. Most of the intracellular transferrin (95%) immunoprecipitated from the total microsome fraction was sensitive to endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H (endo H), whereas serum transferrin was completely resistant to it. Further fractionation of the total microsomes has revealed that the intracellular transferrin immunoprecipitated from the rough and smooth microsomes and GF3 are all endo-H sensitive and most of the endo-H-sensitive oligosaccharides were eluted at the position corresponding to Man8GlcNAc on high-resolution Bio-Gel chromatography. This finding suggests that the major form of intracellular transferrin oligosaccharide in the course of intracellular transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus is Man8GlcNAc2. Endo-H-resistant forms were first detected in the GF2 but more in GF1, most of which were sensitive to neuraminidase. Since the heavy Golgi subfraction contains mainly cis-Golgi elements, such as cisternae, and the light subfraction mainly trans-Golgi elements, such as secretory granules, it is strongly suggested that the processing of these large mannosyloligosaccharide chains and the subsequent addition of terminal sugars to them are performed successively in the trans-Golgi region just before secretion. PMID- 6628381 TI - Primary structure of protamine from the Northern pike Esox lucius. AB - The basic nuclear protein in the sperm of the Northern pike is a protamine, 32 residues long, which behaved as a single component during ion-exchange chromatography and gel electrophoresis. Amino acid analysis gave close to molar ratios for the eight different residues with no evidence of microheterogeneity. However, the presence of sequence variants was revealed following a combination of automated protein sequencing and cleavage of the protamine by CNBr, endoproteinase Lys-C and thermolysin. At position 28 there is an equal probability of having serine or glycine. At position 9 glycine is found more frequently than serine. The reciprocal nature of the substitutions results in glycine and serine contents which are close to a 4:2 ratio. Pike protamines are homologous to those of the trout but show less sequence variation between components. PMID- 6628382 TI - Coupling between fatty acid binding and sulfhydryl oxidation in bovine serum albumin. AB - Albumin with and without a free sulfhydryl group (mercapt-albumin and nonmercapt albumin) has low and high amounts of fatty acids, respectively. It was found that this difference was brought about by the following two mechanisms: (a) the binding of fatty acids increases the rate of oxidation of the sulfhydryl group, (b) the oxidation of the sulfhydryl group of the protein enhances the binding of fatty acids. The incubation of the protein with fatty acids enhanced reversibly the reaction rate of the free sulfhydryl group with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). This effect of fatty acids depends on the kind of fatty acid added. Among saturated long-chain fatty acids tested, the shortest fatty acid, lauric (dodecanoic) acid, had the strongest effect. Oleic (cis-9-octadecenoic) acid, which has a long chain but also one cis-double bond, however, was as effective as lauric acid in enhancing the reactivity of the sulfhydryl group on the protein. Analyses with palmityl-Sepharose and equilibrium partitioning of palmitic acid between heptane and aqueous protein solutions have shown that nonmercapt-albumin has higher affinity to the fatty acid than mercapt-albumin. These results imply that the binding of fatty acids and the oxidation of sulfhydryl groups of the protein are intimately coupled. PMID- 6628383 TI - Stereochemistry of the rearrangement of 2-aminoethanol by ethanolamine ammonia lyase. AB - (1R)-2-Amino[1-2H1]ethanol and (1S,2RS)-2-amino[1,2-2H2]ethanols have been synthesised by decarboxylation of (2S,3R)-[3-2H1]serine and (2S,3S)-[2,3 2H2]serine respectively. The stereochemical integrity of these labelled 2 aminoethanols has been ascertained from the 1H-NMR spectra of their N,O dicamphanoyl derivatives. This assay has also been used to confirm that samples of (2R)- and (2S)-2-amino [2-2H1]ethanols prepared from (2R)- and (2S)-[2 2H1]glycines are stereochemically pure. Ethanolamine ammonia-lyase rearranges (1R)-2-amino[1-2H1]ethanol to acetaldehyde at approximately the same rate as it rearranges unlabelled 2-aminoethanol, whilst (1S,2RS)-2-amino[1,2-2H2]ethanol is rearranged at the same rate as the (1,1-2H2)-labelled substrate. The isotope effect is approximately kH/k2H = 8. The 2H-NMR spectra of the 3,5 dinitrobenzoates of the ethanol produced by reduction in situ of the acetaldehyde formed in the rearrangements show that the 1-2H1 label migrates in (1S,2RS)-2 amino-[1,2-2H2]ethanol and 2-amino[1,1-2H2]ethanol but not in (1R)-2-amino[1 2H1]ethanol. The above results indicate that the adenosylcobalamin-dependent ethanolamine ammonia-lyase catalyses the rearrangement of 2-aminoethanol with migration of the 1-pro-S-hydrogen atom. PMID- 6628385 TI - Elementary steps in the reaction of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from pig heart. Kinetics of thiamine diphosphate binding to the complex. AB - In the progress curve of the reaction of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, a lag phase was observed when the concentration of thiamin diphosphate was lower than usual (about 0.2-1 mM) in the enzyme assay. The length of the lag phase was dependent on thiamin diphosphate concentration, ranging from 0.2 min to 2 min as the thiamin diphosphate concentration varied from 800 nM to 22 nM. The lag phase was also observed in the elementary steps catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase component. A Km value of 107 nM was found for thiamin diphosphate with respect to the steady-state reaction rate following the lag phase. The pre-steady-state kinetic data indicate that the resulting lag phase was the consequence of a slow holoenzyme formation from apoenzyme and thiamin diphosphate. The thiamin diphosphate can bind to the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in the absence of pyruvate, but the presence of 2 mM pyruvate increases the rate constant of binding from 1.4 X 10(4) M-1 S-1 to 1.3 X 10(5) M-1 S-1 and decreases the rate constant of dissociation from 2.3 X 10(-2) S-1 to 4.1 X 10(-3) S-1. On the other hand, the effect of pyruvate on the thiamin diphosphate binding revealed the existence of a thiamin-diphosphate-independent pyruvate-binding site in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Direct evidence was also obtained with fluorescence techniques for the existence of this binding site and the dissociation constant of pyruvate was found to be 0.38 mM. On the basis of these data we have proposed a random mechanism for the binding of pyruvate and thiamin diphosphate to the complex. Binding of substrates to the enzyme complex caused an increase in the fluorescence of the dansylaziridine-labelled pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, showing that binding of substrates to the complex is accompanied by structural changes. PMID- 6628384 TI - A comparison of the structure and activity of cat and trout muscle pyruvate kinases. AB - Pyruvate kinase was purified from cat and trout muscle. The enzymes had similar amino acid compositions and subunit molecular weights. In contrast to the mammalian enzyme, the trout muscle pyruvate kinase was activated by fructose 1,6 bisphosphate. However, unlike the L-type pyruvate kinase from mammalian liver it was not phosphorylated by cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase. The purified enzyme from cat muscle was carboxymethylated with iodo[2-14C]acetic acid under conditions that led to the preferential labelling of one especially reactive thiol group. The labelled enzyme was cleaved with CNBr, and the radioactive fragment purified. Amino acid sequence analysis of the reactive-thiol-containing fragment from cat muscle pyruvate kinase showed it had the following sequence: Ile-Gly-Arg-[14C]CmCys-Asn-Arg-Ala-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-Ile-CmCys-Ala-Thr-Gln- Hse. The corresponding peptide from trout pyruvate kinase had only one difference in its amino acid composition and the sequence around the reactive thiol was identical. PMID- 6628386 TI - Isolation and structural characterization of five major sialyloligosaccharides and a sialylglycopeptide from normal human urine. AB - Five major sialyloligosaccharides and a sialylglycopeptide have been isolated from normal human urine by charcoal adsorption, gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography, and paper chromatography. Structural studies including gas-liquid chromatography of monosaccharide and disaccharide derivatives, methylation analysis, glycosidase treatments, and CrO3 oxidation indicated the following structures for the compounds: 1, NeuAc(alpha 2-6)Gal(beta 1-4)Glc; 2, NeuAc(alpha 2-6)Gal(beta 1-4)GlcNAc; 3, NeuAc(alpha 2-3)Gal(beta 1-4)Glc; 4, NeuAc(alpha 2 3)Gal(beta 1-4) GlcNAc; 5, NeuAc(alpha 2-3)Gal(beta 1-3) [Neu-Ac(alpha 2 6)]GalNAc; and 6, NeuAc(alpha 2-3)Gal(beta 1-3) [NeuAc(alpha 2-6)]GalNAc (alpha 1 O)Ser. Compounds 4, 5, and 6 have not been described in a free form before. The presence of compound 5 in urine may suggest that it derives from glycoproteins through a catabolic pathway involving cleavage of the carbohydrate-peptide linkage by an endo-N-acetylgalactosaminidase. The predominating sialyloligosaccharides in urine were compounds 3 and 4. The predominance of the compounds with the sialyl(alpha 2-3) linkage is of interest in view of the recent discovery of uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains with binding specificity for sialyl(alpha 2-3)galactosides. PMID- 6628387 TI - Effect of troponin-tropomyosin complex and Ca2+ on conformational changes in F actin induced by myosin subfragment-1. AB - The interaction of regulated and unregulated actin of myosin-free ghost single fibre with myosin subfragment-1 free of 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) light chains was investigated by polarized microphotometry. The anisotropy of intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of regulated actin is Ca2+-dependent and has a maximal value at low (pCa greater than or equal to 7) and a minimal value at high (pCa less than or equal to 6) concentrations of Ca2+. The interaction of myosin subfragment-1 with actin induces cooperative changes in actin structure, which manifest themselves in a decrease in the anisotropy of tryptophan fluorescence. The cooperativity of conformational changes in actin, induced by myosin subfragment-1, is high for regulated actin in the absence of Ca2+ and low for unregulated and regulated actin in the presence of Ca2+. The data obtained suggest that the decrease of the flexibility of actin filaments, induced by tropomyosin or by Ca-unsaturated troponin-tropomyosin complex, results in increased cooperativity of conformational changes of actin induced by myosin subfragment-1. PMID- 6628389 TI - Subcellular fractionation of porcine neutrophils by nitrogen cavitation and sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation. AB - Neutrophils, isolated in large quantities from porcine blood were disrupted by nitrogen cavitation and separated by differential centrifugation into a nuclear fraction and a post-nuclear supernatant. The latter was subfractionated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation into cytosol, a fraction consisting of membrane vesicles and two granule-rich fractions. The membrane fraction accounted for 1.9% of the protein in the post-nuclear supernatant, the light granule fraction for 2.2% and the dense granule fraction for 4.2%. Catalase, lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase were largely confined to the cytosol. The dense granule fraction contained the highest quantities of the hydrolytic enzymes, although the membrane fraction was also rich in alkaline and acid phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities. Electron microscopy of the membrane fraction showed intact membrane vesicles, whereas the granular fractions consisted of electron-dense, membrane-bound granules. Two granular fractions were isolated which contained granules of differing size and density. 3H-labeled wheat germ agglutinin bound to the surface of intact neutrophils and when these were disrupted and fractionated the membrane fraction showed a specific binding activity 16-times greater than that of the cavitated sample. The membrane fraction interacted with the detergent digitonin and as a result underwent density perturbation increasing from 1.13 g X cm-3 to 1.18 g X cm-3. Dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed the membrane fraction to consist of at least 40 protein bands, with relative molecular masses ranging from 200 000-16 000. The granule fractions contained less protein bands, with a protein composition quite distinct from that of the membrane fraction. PMID- 6628388 TI - Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I. Inhibition by D-galactosamine and role of phospholipids. AB - Palmitate oxidation by liver mitochondria from rats treated with D-galactosamine (GalN) was markedly inhibited, 3 h after administration. The mitochondrial defect responsible for this inhibition was shown to be an inhibition of the activity of palmitoylcarnitine transferase I (EC 2.3.1.21). Apparent Km of the enzyme remained unchanged whereas apparent V was reduced by 30%. Addition of 10 mM GalN did not impair the activity of palmitoylcarnitine transferase I in mitochondria isolated from normal rats. Inhibition of palmitoylcarnitine biosynthesis by GalN treatment was completely reversed by phospholipid supply. At this stage of intoxication, mitochondrial phospholipid content was decreased whereas incorporation of [14C]palmitate into phospholipids in isolated hepatocytes was drastically inhibited: the phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine ratio was reduced by 33%. The results obtained from these studies show that the depletion of the phospholipid membrane content could account for the altered functional activity of palmitoylcarnitine transferase I. PMID- 6628390 TI - The function of N alpha-acetylation of the eye-lens crystallins. AB - The putative protective role of the N alpha-acetyl group of proteins has been investigated. Synthetic, non-acetylated N-terminal tetrapeptides of the alpha A2- and gamma II-crystallin chains are good substrates for leucine aminopeptidase, while the acetylated ones are completely resistant. In the native, non acetylated, gamma-crystallin the N terminus is not degraded by leucine aminopeptidase. Newly synthesized alpha A2-crystallin, in which the normally occurring N-terminal acetylation has been prevented during cell-free translation, is virtually resistant against degradation by leucine aminopeptidase. Only at extreme enzyme-substrate ratios the N-terminal methionine is removed. Although the N alpha-acetyl group by its very nature protects against this exopeptidase, we conclude that the group is not essential for this purpose in the native crystallins. PMID- 6628391 TI - Association of rabbit muscle glycolytic enzymes with filamentous actin. A counter current distribution study at high ionic strength. AB - The association between purified glycolytic enzymes and filamentous actin from rabbit muscle has been studied by counter-current distribution. The co distribution of a glycolytic enzyme and filamentous actin leads to a significant change in the counter-current distribution profile of the enzyme whereas that of actin is unaffected. The changes in the distribution profiles clearly demonstrated that all glycolytic enzymes studied, though to different extents, bind to filamentous actin. The aqueous two-phase system used for the studies contained dextran, poly(ethyleneglycol) and 150 millimolal potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0. Since the ionic strength of the two-phase system is determined mainly by the buffer, the glycolytic enzymes are evidently able to associate with filamentous actin, at least in the presence of neutral polymers, at ionic strengths comparable to or higher than those assumed to prevail in vivo. PMID- 6628393 TI - Purification, characterisation and reconstitution of glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase, a biotin-dependent sodium pump from anaerobic bacteria. AB - Glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase from Acidaminococcus fermentans is a biotin enzyme, which is integrated into membranes. It is activated by Triton X-100 and inhibited by avidin. The results obtained by a combination of both agents indicate that biotin and the substrate-binding site are located on the same side of the membrane. The decarboxylase was solubilized with Triton X-100 and purified by affinity chromatography on monomeric avidin-Sepharose. The enzyme is composed of three types of polypeptides: the group of alpha chains (Mr 120000-140000) containing the biotin, the beta chain (60000) and an apparently hydrophobic gamma chain (35000). Sodium ions specifically protected the latter chain from tryptic digestion. It was supposed, therefore, that this chain might function as the Na+ channel. The beta and gamma chains but not the alpha chain could be labelled by N ethyl-[14C]maleimide. Similar decarboxylases but with much smaller biotin peptides (Mr 15000-20000) were isolated from Peptococcus aerogenes and Clostridium symbiosum. The decarboxylases from all three organisms could be reconstituted to active sodium pumps by incubation with phospholipid vesicles and octylglucoside followed by dilution. The Na+ uptake catalysed by the enzyme from A. fermentans was completely inhibited by monensin and activated twofold by valinomycin/K+ indicating an electrogenic Na+ pump. The coupling between Na+ transport and decarboxylation was not tight. During the reaction the ratio decreased from initially 1 to 0.2. The three organisms mentioned above and Clostridium tetanomorphum without glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase are able to ferment glutamate and require 10 mM Na+ for rapid growth. There is no correlation between the concentration of monensin necessary to inhibit growth and the presence of decarboxylase in these organisms. PMID- 6628392 TI - The effect of heart and skeletal muscle troponin complexes and calmodulin on the Ca2+-dependent reactions of phosphorylase kinase isoenzymes. AB - The dephosphorylated form of phosphorylase kinase was purified 700-fold from rabbit heart extract. The purified enzyme had a pH 6.8/pH 8.2 activity ratio of 0.04-0.08 and was completely dependent on Ca2+ with an apparent Ka value for Ca2+ of 2.59 microM at pH 6.8. At free Ca2+ concentrations between 0.057 microM and 400 microM, 1.5 microM rabbit heart troponin complex had no significant effect on the reaction. However, 1.5 microM rabbit skeletal muscle troponin complex stimulated the reaction 1.5-2-fold with a concomitant decrease in the Ka value for Ca2+ to 1.40 microM. No differences in the effects of these troponin complexes were observed when heart-type and skeletal muscle-type phosphorylase b isoenzymes from either rabbit or pig were used as substrate. Similar effects of heart and skeletal muscle troponin complexes were observed on the Ca2+-dependent reaction of the dephosphorylated form of phosphorylase kinase partially purified from rabbit skeletal muscle. A saturating concentration (1.36 microM) of bovine brain calmodulin stimulated 2-5-fold the Ca2+-dependent reaction of skeletal muscle phosphorylase kinase, but not the reaction of heart phosphorylase kinase. Heart troponin complex (12 microM) suppressed 80-100% the stimulatory effect of skeletal muscle troponin complex on the reactions of phosphorylase kinase isoenzymes, but had no significant effect on the stimulation by calmodulin of skeletal muscle phosphorylase kinase reaction. PMID- 6628394 TI - Panoramic zonography in ear radiography. AB - Thirty ears in 15 patients were examined by plain film radiography and by panoramic zonography with two tracks: A cylindrical concave image layer with 26 mm. radius and a paired sagittal image layer, at 51 mm. distance from midline. The films were interpreted according to the visibility of 23 different anatomic details. On panoramic films the visualization was better in 14 details, equal in 6 and worse in 3 compared to the plain films. The result suggests that panoramic techniques can replace conventional radiography of the ear. PMID- 6628395 TI - Comparison of the visibility of the anatomical structures of the facial skeleton in panoramic zonography and linear tomography. AB - The value of cylindrical panoramic radiography (using one rotational axis), a modification of orthopantomography (using three rotational axes), in radiographic examination of maxillo-facial skeleton was estimated by evaluating the visualization of anatomical structures of the facial skeleton on cylindrical panoramic and linear tomographic radiographs of 51 patients examined with both methods. The radiographs were independently reviewed by four radiologists. The visualization of the lateral wall of the orbit and maxillary sinus, nasal septum, alveolar process and zygomatic corpus was better on cylindrical panoramic radiographs. Linear tomography visualized the media wall of orbit better. In visualizing the frontal sinus, orbital floor, medial wall of maxillary sinus and hard palate there were no significant differences between linear tomography and panoramic zonography. PMID- 6628396 TI - Calcification in the portal venous system demonstrated by computed tomography. AB - The CT appearance of calcification in the portal venous system in a patient with chronic alcoholic cirrhosis is presented. Report cases of radiologically detectable calcification in the portal system are rare, and most of them have been associated with longstanding portal hypertension. We presume that with CT this diagnosis will be made more frequently. In the presence of calcification in the portal venous system, portal vein thrombosis is highly probable. This information is of obvious importance to the surgeon contemplating a portal decompressive shunt procedure. PMID- 6628397 TI - Phase II studies in urography, cardioangiography and cerebral angiography with iohexol. An evaluation of the clinical trial program and the clinical findings. AB - The first experience in patients (phase II studies) with iohexol (Omnipaque) - a new non-ionic contrast medium - in intravenous urography (34 patients), cardioangiography (45 patients) and cerebral angiography (38 patents) is collectively reported. A non-comparative, multicentre design was used in all 3 applications. The objective was to assess the efficacy (the opacity to X-rays) and the tolerability of iohexol using routine contrast medium doses in a well defined adult population. No unexpected or severe reactions occurred in the 117 included or 9 excluded patients. Good efficacy was confirmed, and the contrast medium was well tolerated. The results warrant advancing iohexol into comparative phase III trials. The iohexol phase II studies and initial research in patients with contrast media in general are discussed. PMID- 6628398 TI - Intra-arterial digital angiography of the liver. Preliminary results. AB - The authors report the preliminary results of the intraarterial digital angiography of the liver. A series of 30 patients were examined comparing conventional and digital technique following the injection of the coeliac, splenic, hepatic and mesenteric arteries. The results obtained with the digital technique have been of good quality and sometimes even better in spite of significant dilution of the contrast medium. It is concluded that intraarterial digital angiography of the liver gives some advantages compared with the conventional technique, that is the use of a much lower concentrated contrast medium, the better visualization of the portal branches and its collaterals and the very low cost of the film material. PMID- 6628399 TI - Comparative study of ultrasound and ERCP in the diagnosis of hepatic, biliary and pancreatic diseases: a prospective study based on a continuous series of 424 patients. AB - A prospective study of the diagnostic yield of ultrasound (US) and ERCP was made on a continuous series of 424 patients. Technical failures were slightly more frequent with US (11%) than with ERCP (8%), while US proved more accurate than ERCP in the diagnosis of focal hepatic disease--94% of correct diagnosis versus 41% (n = 17). In diffuse hepatic disease (n = 63) the accuracy of both methods was the same--87% of correct diagnosis with US, 83% with ERCP. US had better performances (91%), while ERCP was more accurate in the diagnosis of common duct lithiasis or tumour (98% for ERCP, 36% for US). Although ERCP has a better diagnostic yield for pancreatic diseases (92% to 100% of correct diagnosis according to the lesions) associate complications, such as pseudo-cysts, abscess formation and extravasations are better demonstrated by US (95% of correct diagnosis versus 73%). The two methods thus prove to be complementary. PMID- 6628400 TI - Low residual diet and hydration improving double contrast examination of the colon. AB - Light food diet and low residual diet with hydration, both combined with Proctosal and Bisacodyl cleansing, were compared in 268 patients in the preparation of the colon for double contrast examination. Low residual diet with hydration resulted in significantly less residual fecal material, no flocculation of the barium coating and significantly denser mucosal coating. The examination had to be repeated more often (8.6%) after light food diet than after low residual diet with hydration (1.7%), but there was no statistically significant difference in the diagnostic accuracy. The hydration is important in avoiding patient discomforts and flocculation of the barium coating. Despite the use of laxatives, a strict diet restriction is needed to obtain consistently clean colon. PMID- 6628401 TI - Choledochal distensibility at ERCP. A review of 70 ERCP examinations after cholecystectomy. AB - The maximal width of the extrahepatic biliary duct (EBDW) at ERCP was evaluated in 70 cholecystectomized patients. In all 27 patients in whom an obstructive lesions was confirmed, the maximal corrected choledochal width was larger than 10 mm. In the remaining 43 patients no actual obstructive lesions were found but in 29 of these cases the maximum diameter of the choledochus at ERCP exceeded 15 mm as measured on the film, which corresponds to a corrected diameter larger than 10 mm. The uncorrected maximal choledochal diameter in patients without actual obstruction was not correlated with the length of the interval between cholecystectomy and the ERCP examination, but it had a possible slight correlation with the age of the patients (p less than 0.05). There was no correlation with specific complaints, but all six patients with duodenobiliary reflux had an EBDW greater than 15 mm. A marked tendency towards diminution of the choledochal diameter was noted during emptying of the ducts, the diameter after emptying being closely correlated to the diameter noted at intravenous cholangiography in 15 patients (R = .958). This distensibility of the choledochus at ERCP should be taken into consideration when pathological choledochal duct dilatation is suspected. PMID- 6628402 TI - Acoustic microscopy: a new tool for ultrasonic breast tissue characterization. PMID- 6628403 TI - The value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of hepatic haemangiomas. AB - The following ultrasonographic (U.S.) patterns were observed in 21 cases of proven hepatic haemangiomas: 1) Hyper-echoic (6 cases); 2) Hypo-echoic (4 cases); 3) Complex (11 cases). Several characteristic aspects of the echo structure (uneven appearance and fine internal parallel echoes) and the location of the lesion (para-caval or sub-diaphragmatic) may be useful for differential diagnosis with malignant neoplasia. The U.S. findings of a further 17 cases of hyperechoic focal lesion of the liver are reported. Although a definitive diagnosis was not possible in these subjects, the U.S. characteristics which remained unchanged for over 6 months, made the diagnosis of haemangioma highly likely. PMID- 6628404 TI - Milk-of-calcium renal cyst, evaluated by ultrasound and computed tomography. AB - Milk-of-calcium renal cysts, which when asymptomatic need no treatment, sometimes pose diagnostic problems by conventional radiography. Two such cases are here reported. The first case was further evaluated by ultrasonography only, the second case also by computed tomography and cyst puncture, because of an irregularity in the cyst wall. Both imaging modalities added valuable information. PMID- 6628405 TI - Digital chest radiography. AB - Experimental and early clinical experience in intravenous angiocardiography using digital image processing has shown that the method is useful to defect left-to right shunts and to calculate left ventricular volume and ejection fraction as well as to evaluate wall motion abnormalities. The resolution of the images is higher than of those obtained with other noninvasive methods such as echocardiography and scintigraphy. PMID- 6628406 TI - Lobar liver anatomy. Definition by CT. AB - A method for identifying the physiological border between the hepatic lobes on an enhanced CT scan is described. The definition is based on combined information from the gall bladder fossa--vena cava line and the middle hepatic vein line. PMID- 6628407 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging clinical experience in San Francisco. AB - NMR is a new extremely promising imaging modality that combines the advantages of X-ray computed tomography by giving high resolution tomograms, of ultrasound by allowing imaging in any desired plane without the dangers from ionizing radiation and nuclear medicine by offering information about physiology and metabolic processes. These advantages are not combined with any of the drawbacks of the other modalities, and are due to the ability of NMR to provide information from four imaging parameters: 1) H density; 2) T1--the spin lattice relaxation parameters; 3) T2--the spin-spin relaxation parameter; and 4) information about proton motion. NMR is already a useful clinical tool in the study of brain, cord, mediastinum, pelvis, and is promising in the study of heart, kidneys, adrenals, liver, pancreas, and spleen. PMID- 6628408 TI - Radiation doses during panoramic zonography, linear tomography and plain film radiography of maxillo-facial skeleton. A comparative study. AB - The radiation doses to the organs and the skin of the head and neck during plain film radiography, a-p and p-a linear tomography and panoramic zonography of the maxillo-facial skeleton were measured on a sliced anatomic Alderson skull phantom with LiF (TLD-100) thermoluminescence chips. The doses were clearly highest during the linear tomography. Also the doses during the plain film radiography were quite high. Compared to the conventional methods the doses from the panoramic Zonography were minimal. PMID- 6628409 TI - Dynamic CT of the chest. AB - Dynamic CT of the chest is superior to conventional CT and electronic radiography with contrast medium. The advantages are the high intravasal concentration of contrast medium immediately after its injection, and that the wash-out effect of it can be studied. Dynamic CT of the chest may be used in the differentiation between vessels and solid lesions and may be used to assess regional ventilation. Patency of coronary bypasses may be demonstrated. Digital subtraction angiography may eventually replace most of the role played today by dynamic CT of the chest. PMID- 6628410 TI - Digital vascular imaging in extra- and intracranial artery disease and of abdominal arteries. AB - Digital vascular imaging is a new technique for vessel investigation. This article describes the application of the method with intravenous administering of the contrast material for the intra- and extracranial arteries and for the abdominal vessels. The equipment and the conditions to obtain good images are described. The indications for investigation of the vessels are given with the preliminary results. The advantages of the technique are mentioned. PMID- 6628411 TI - Rapid medium- resolution 3-D NMR zeugmatographic imaging of the head. AB - A true three-dimensional NMR zeugmatographic image of the human head, with an isotropic spatial resolution of 3.8 mm has been obtained in a total imaging time of 10 min. using a saturation-recovery (SR) pulse sequence. The 65 X 65 X 65 point 3-D image array has been displayed as three orthogonal sets of computer generated slices: transverse, coronal and sagittal. Intensities in such an image depend not only on the concentrations of protons but also on the spin-lattice relaxation time, T1 and the spin-spin relaxation time, T2. PMID- 6628412 TI - Cardiovascular nuclear medicine current applications and the outlook for 1985. AB - There has been a rapid assimilation of nuclear imaging techniques into the armamentarium of physicians caring for cardiovascular disease patients. The most widely used tests have been thallium uptake and clearance for myocardial perfusion, and gated blood pool imaging for measurements of regional and global ventricular function. Understanding of the dynamics of the procedures has led to appreciation of the sensitivity of alterations in pulmonary distribution of those radiopharmaceuticals in predicting the presence of increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, the augmentation of thallium clearance by eating, and the complexity of the response of the ejection fraction to exercise. Applications of an ambulatory device for ventricular function testing, labeled myocardial metabolic markers, and vascular integrity agents such as labeled lipoprotein may characterize the directions taken in the last half of this decade. PMID- 6628413 TI - Studies of blood flow employing duplex, pulsed Doppler real-time sonography. AB - The physics of pulsed Doppler techniques have been recently applied to clinical evaluation of superficial blood vessels and the flow within them. Essential physical principles of pulsed Doppler ultrasound are presented, including spectrum analysis and flow measurements. Duplex instrumentation combining high resolution real-time imaging and a pulsed-Doppler system is described. Indications for duplex carotid sonography are outlined. Clinical applications are discussed and examples of normal and pathologic states are shown. Finally, the role of duplex sonography in the evaluation of carotid vascular disease is compared to traditional arteriographic and contemporary digital subtraction angiographic methods. PMID- 6628414 TI - Aspects of cardiac diagnosis using synchronized NMR imaging. AB - In vivo synchronized 3D Proton NMR zeugmatographic images of the beating heart have been obtained. The images clearly show the cardiac anatomy and changes in the anatomy accompanying the cardiac cycle. Transverse, coronal and sagittal slices are presented. PMID- 6628416 TI - New Developments in basic radiographic systems. PMID- 6628415 TI - True 3-D imaging of limbs by NMR zeugmatography with off-resonance irradiation. PMID- 6628417 TI - Indications for and comparative diagnostic value of combined ultrasound and X-ray mammography. AB - A standardised method of ultrasound mammography is described. In order to achieve the same position, form, and shape of the breast as during rontgen mammography a Lucite plate in horizontal, and vertical position is used. Ultrasound contact scanning of the whole breast is carried out in cranio-caudal as well as in medio lateral direction of the ultrasound beam. Ultrasound scanning is performed with the compression of the breast corresponding to the compression during rontgen mammography. It was found that the ultrasound breast examination combined with X ray mammography optimizes the differentiation benign and malignant masses and therefore may reduce the incidence of breast biopsy. A combined use of both examination modalities in the evaluation of the breast is advocated. PMID- 6628418 TI - Radiologically guided biopsies. AB - Radiologically guided percutaneous abdominal biopsies are useful in diagnosing various pathological conditions or excluding them. The biopsies may be useful in staging uro-genital tumors and malignant lymphomas. Biopsies can be performed on an out-patient bases. The complication rate is negligible. PMID- 6628419 TI - Closing remarks. Paradoxes in diagnostic imaging. PMID- 6628420 TI - The definition of heart failure. PMID- 6628421 TI - Ultrastructure of the human atrioventricular conduction tissues. AB - The ultrastructure of the human atrioventricular conduction tissue has been studied by obtaining material from recipient hearts at transplant operations. The hearts were dissected immediately after surgical removal in order to expose the conduction system, and tissue samples were taken directly from the atrioventricular node, the penetrating bundle, the branching bundle, and both bundle branches. Examination with the electron microscope showed that the entire atrioventricular system throughout its length was composed of a spectrum of cells which ranged widely in size and in myofibril content from slim cells resembling cardiac muscle and packed with myofibrils to wide 'empty' cells containing relatively few myofibrils. The cells were polymorphic, and many branched with the branches varying greatly in width. Transverse junctions between cells or between their branches were made by intercalated discs. Lateral connections between cells were extremely rare; they were made by desmosomes only. Nerves were present throughout the axis. The striking features of the atrioventricular conduction system as a whole were firstly that the constituent cells were so widely heterogeneous as to defy any classification into cell types, and secondly that totally dissimilar cells established direct continuity by means of intercalated discs. PMID- 6628422 TI - Does it help to undiagnose angina? AB - We reported recently the results of re-evaluating a series of 64 patients still experiencing pain originally diagnosed as angina but with normal coronary arteriograms. A musculoskeletal cause for the chest pain was established in 38 and an oesophageal cause in 17 of these patients. We here report these patients' self-assessment of their pain 2 years after this diagnostic reclassification. It is clear that the effects of a diagnosis of angina are not easily rescinded even when the non-cardiac cause of the chest pain is identified. PMID- 6628423 TI - Acute effects of alcohol, beta blockade, and their combination on left ventricular function and hemodynamics in normal man. AB - Twenty-three healthy males, aged 23 to 62 years, were examined by M-mode echocardiography and systolic time intervals for 3 h after (1) ethanol 1 g/kg by mouth taken over 60 minutes; (2) atenolol 100 mg by mouth; (3) ethanol (1 g/kg) + atenolol (100 mg). The peak mean blood ethanol (+/- s.e.) was 112 +/- 4 mg/100 ml in test 1 and 104 +/- 7 mg/100 ml in test 3. During increasing blood ethanol, heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (BP), cardiac output (CO) and echocardiographic indices of left ventricular (LV) function were significantly augmented, while total peripheral resistance (TPR) decreased. During declining blood ethanol, systolic BP, LV end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, stroke volume (SV) and circumferential wall stress were significantly reduced; echocardiographic indices of LV function were unaltered, but the pre-ejection period/LV ejection time ratio was increased. Atenolol decreased HR, systolic BP, SV, CO, and all estimates of LV function, but increased TPR. Ethanol + atenolol tended to cause smaller depressions in the indices of LV function than did atenolol alone, in spite of similar plasma atenolol concentrations (n = 6). It is concluded that ingestion of modest doses of ethanol evokes vasodilation and enhances LV function during increasing blood ethanol, and reduces LV preload and afterload during decreasing blood ethanol without impairing contractility. Social drinking and beta blockade seem not to have any harmful acute combined effects on the heart and circulation, at least in normal subjects. PMID- 6628424 TI - Prolapse of the mitral valve in secundum atrial septal defect: a functional mechanism. AB - Prolapse of the mitral valve in patients with secundum atrial septal defect has been described angiographically and by two-dimensional echocardiography. It has been suggested that prolapse of the mitral valve in these patients is due to distortion of left ventricular shape and small left ventricular volume. To test this hypothesis 10 patients with unrepaired secundum atrial septal defect and 10 patients who had undergone repair of the defect were studied by two-dimensional echocardiography. The prevalence of mitral valve prolapse was 80% in the unrepaired group and 20% in the repaired group (P less than 0.01). Short axis of the left ventricle revealed septal bulging into the left ventricle, the end diastolic ratio of minor to major axis being 0.71 in the unrepaired group and 0.93 in the repaired group (P less than 0.001). Systolic and diastolic cross sectional areas were larger in the repaired group compared with the unrepaired group (P less than 0.05). Prolapse of the mitral valve in patients with secundum atrial septal defect may be related to the distorted left ventricular shape and small left ventricular volume. PMID- 6628425 TI - The anatomical heterogeneity of hearts lacking a patent communication between the left atrium and the ventricular mass ('mitral atresia') in presence of a patent aortic valve. AB - Thirty-five hearts were studied with no patent communication between the left atrium and the ventricular mass ('mitral atresia'). In ten, an imperforate and hypoplastic membrane separated the left atrium from a hypoplastic left ventricle. The imperforate valve ranged from a tiny membrane with no evidence of tension apparatus, through a larger membrane supported by muscular columns in the ventricular inlet portion, to an aneurysmal imperforate sac attached to a single hypoplastic papillary muscle. The ventriculo-arterial connection was concordant in nine of the ten hearts and double outlet from the right ventricle in one. In one further heart, there was double inlet left ventricle with imperforate left atrioventricular valve, a rudimentary right ventricle and ventriculo-arterial discordance. In the other 24 hearts the muscular floor of the left atrium was completely separated by the atrioventricular sulcus from the ventricular mass (absent left atrioventricular connection). In 11 of these hearts, the right atrium was connected to a right ventricle and there was a posterior and left sided rudimentary left ventricular chamber which had no connection with the atrial chambers. The left ventricle supported the aorta in five of the 11 hearts, but in the other six it was simply a pouch of left ventricular morphology. In ten cases the right atrium was connected to a dominant left ventricle. An anterior rudimentary right ventricle was present in each but had no connection with the atrial chambers. It was to the left of the left ventricle in seven, directly anterior in one and to the right in two cases. The right ventricle supported the aorta in eight cases, the pulmonary trunk in one and neither great artery in the remaining case. Lastly, there were three cases in which a sole ventricular chamber of indeterminate morphology was present and gave rise to both great arteries. PMID- 6628426 TI - Prognostic significance of late ventricular potentials after acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6628427 TI - Evaluation of pulse contour methods in calculating stroke volume from pulmonary artery pressure curve (comparison with aortic pressure curve). AB - The reliability of five equations in assessing stroke volume from pulmonary artery pressure curves were critically evaluated in six dogs and in six patients. To alter stroke volume, isoproterenol, dobutamine, propranolol, lactate Ringer solution and artificial pacing were employed in the animal study and diltiazem (a calcium blocker) in the human study. A good correlation was found between the calculated and measured stroke volume (r = 0.80-0.86 in the animal study and r = 0.94-0.96 in the human study). The assessment of stroke volume from the pulmonary arterial pressure curves using equations was as good as that from the aortic pressure curves calculated simultaneously. These results suggest that the five equations may be clinically applicable for assessing stroke volume in critically ill patients. The employment of pulmonary arterial pressure curves in assessing stroke volume may be more useful clinically since its recording can be carried out more safely than recordings of aortic pressure curves. PMID- 6628428 TI - Pulmonary fibrosis--a serious side-effect of amiodarone therapy. AB - Two cases of histologically proven pulmonary fibrosis resulting from amiodarone therapy but responding to corticosteroids are reported. PMID- 6628437 TI - Myocardial perfusion imaging with 99mTc-DMPE in man. AB - Technetium-99m DMPE (99mTc-DMPE) is a newly synthesized myocardial perfusion imaging agent that shows intense myocardial accumulation in the dog. In the present study, dosimetry and potential clinical usefulness of this agent were assessed in four human subjects. Absorbed radiation doses were low, with the highest doses consisting of 200 mrad/mCi (54 microGy/MBq) to the gallbladder and 160 mrad/mCi (43 microGy/MBq) to the liver. No evidence of clinical toxicity was found. Technetium-99m DMPE did image the myocardium, but the ratio of target to nontarget activity was less favorable than that observed in the dog. Intense hepatic 99mTc-DMPE activity interfered with clinical imaging of the cardiac apex in two of the four subjects. We conclude that the prototype radiopharmaceutical, 99mTc-DMPE, is capable of myocardial perfusion imaging in man but the planar myocardial images produced are of inferior quality compared with 201Tl myocardial images. Further work is justified to develop related compounds to overcome the clinical limitations described. PMID- 6628438 TI - A computerized method of quantitative analysis of ventricular phase distributions. AB - Phase images from gated equilibrium cardiac studies, were analysed quantitatively by a computerized automatic method. The study included 17 normal subjects and 33 patients with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Phase histograms were constructed for each ventricle and their peaks were identified by a convolution algorithm for smoothing and differentiation. Intra- and interventricular phase shifts as well as the percentage of normal contracting pixels (NCP) were calculated. The results showed that the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) tends to decrease when the intraventricular phase shift increases. Interventricular phase shifts out of the normal range (+/- 10 degrees) were observed predominantly in patients with an extensive anterior or anteroseptal AMI. The closest relationship was found between LVEF and the percentage of NCP. This parameter decreases when akinetic and dyskinetic areas increase and could be considered as a quantitative index of the synchronism in myocardial contraction useful in the prognosis and follow-up of patients. PMID- 6628439 TI - A new metabolically trapped agent by brain monoamine oxidase: N-methyl labeled (14C) N-methylphenylethylamine (14C-MPEA). AB - A new type of metabolically trapped agent for measuring regional brain function was designed and evaluated. N-methylphenylethylamine (14C-MPEA) was synthesized with trifluoroacetylphenylethylamine and 14C-methyl iodide. A high concentration of 14C-MPEA accumulated in mouse brain 1 min after injection, and radioactivities in the brain remained for a long period. By radiochemical analysis, it was found 14C-MPEA was metabolized in the brain to 14C-methylamine. 14C-methylamine was trapped by the blood-brain barrier because of its cationic charge at physiological pH. When the mouse was pretreated with a MAO inhibitor (pargyline hydrochloride 100 mg/kg IP) the radioactivity was rapidly excreted from the brain with a half-life of about 45 min. These results indicate that 11C-MPEA has potential for the measurement of brain MAO activity. PMID- 6628440 TI - 99mTc-phosphonates for imaging of amyloid in C-cell carcinoma. AB - A patient with recurrent C-cell carcinoma of the thyroid is presented. Tumor masses and metastatic lymph nodes were detected by 99mTc-DPD on a preoperative bone scan. In contrast to other causes of extraosseous accumulation of bone seeking phosphonates, the high affinity of amyloid is the main factor in the case of C-cell carcinoma. Because amyloid is the typical histochemical sign of the carcinoma type, imaging with phosphonates is expected to be another specific diagnostic procedure in addition to calcitonin measurements. The role of other markers in thyroid carcinomas is discussed. PMID- 6628441 TI - Frequencies of segmental perfusion and ventilation abnormalities in lung scintigraphy. AB - The segmental ventilation-perfusion mismatch is almost invariably a sign of pulmonary embolism (PE). As ventilation scintigraphy is an expensive and time consuming procedure, it is rarely performed in patients presenting as emergencies. In such patients PE is diagnosed by the presence of a segmental perfusion defect (SPD) in combination with a normal chest X-ray. However, little is known about SPD frequencies in different groups of patients or its value in predicting a mismatch. To determine this frequency, as well as its predictive value for a mismatch (PVM), we examined 764 patients with suspected Pe (PE? group), 359 patients at low risk for PE (low risk group), and 234 patients without suspected PE but at high risk for PE (high risk group), all by perfusion and ventilation scintigraphy. Frequencies of SPD were determined in each group as a function of age. PVM was calculated for each age subgroup using Bayes' theorem. In the low risk group the frequency of segmental mismatches (SM) was about 4%, while one-third of patients at high risk had a SM. This was not age dependent in contrast to the PE? group, where the frequency decreased with age. In the youngest subgroups the PVM for a SPD was higher than 0.9 as well as in a subgroup of the PE? group with a known thrombo-embolic disease. In these subgroups a ventilation scintigraphy is not required for the scintigraphic diagnosis of PE; in all other patients an additional ventilation study is necessary.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6628442 TI - Contamination of the packing material of sodium iodide (131I) therapy capsules with an unexpected radionuclide. AB - All of the packing inside the metal transport cylinder of some sodium iodide (131I) therapy capsules, especially the filling material surrounding the lead container, was found to be contaminated with 131mXe, a daughter radionuclide of 131I. Therefore, users should open the containers only under a well-ventilated hood. PMID- 6628443 TI - Role of FeCl3 in 67Ga uptake by HeLa S3 cells in vitro. AB - The effect of FeCl3 on 67Ga uptake by HeLa S3 cells was studied in vitro. Uptake of 67Ga by HeLa S3 cells was influenced by the concentrations of serum in the medium and especially that of transferrin added to the medium. Therefore, it is assumed that a mechanism of 67Ga uptake exists mediated by transferrin. However, when 10(-2)--10(-1) mM FeCl3 was added to the medium in the same experimental system, a remarkable increase of 67Ga uptake was noted. Results of equilibrium dialysis, showed that binding of 67Ga to transferrin was inhibited by the administration of FeCl3. Moreover, the formation of a complex of 67Ga and FeCl3, which did not pass through the cellulose membrane, was observed. A correlation was found between an increase in 67Ga uptake by HeLa S3 cells and the formation of the 67Ga--Fe complex. These results indicate that another mechanism of 67Ga accumulation, namely the formation of a 67Ga--Fe complex plays a role in the uptake of 67Ga by tumor cells in the presence of iron. PMID- 6628444 TI - Heterogeneity of metatropic dysplasia. AB - Metatropic dysplasia is a neonatally manifest entity that is characterized clinically by a rapidly progressing kyphoscoliosis leading to severe shortening of the originally long trunk ("metatropism"). Major radiographic features include flattening and defective ossification of the vertebral bodies, a narrow thorax and a marked hypoplasia of the basilar portions of the ilia with crescent-shaped iliac crests. There is some evidence of genetic heterogeneity. From five personal observations and from a review of the literature we conclude that metatropic dysplasia comprises at least three genetic entities: (1) a nonlethal type with autosomal recessive transmission; (2) a nonlethal dominant type and (3) a lethal type with death before or shortly after birth and possibly autosomal recessive inheritance. A careful clinical and radiologic analysis permits their classification and differentiation from similar, not yet well-delineated disorders. Attention is also drawn to the possibility of atlanto-axial instability in metatropic dysplasia which may cause severe neurologic defects. PMID- 6628446 TI - Glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activity of platelets. AB - A low Se intake in dietetically treated patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) or maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) leads to a marked reduction of the platelet glutathione peroxidase activity (GSHPx). The mean value amounted to 2.0 U/10(11) platelets with t-butyl hydroperoxidase (t-BOOH) (2.2 U/10(11) with H2O2) in patients and 5.8 U/10(11) with t-BOOH (5.4 U/10(11) with H2O2) in the control children. After Se supplementation with yeast rich in Se (dose: 135 micrograms Se/m2) the GSHPx activities rapidly increased. They reached a plateau after 2-3 weeks and remained there during the following 15-20 weeks of supplementation. After the cessation of supplementation there was a slow decrease, the values reached a low plateau after 24 weeks. In addition platelet glutathione S transferase (GSHTf) was estimated with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. No significant difference between the values in healthy and dietetically treated patients in a low or normal Se state was observed. GSHTf did not exhibit peroxidase activity and did not show a compensatory increase when Se dependent GSHPx activity was low. The patients do not reveal clinical signs of disturbed platelet function. GSHPx may act in platelets via lipoxygenase on the prostaglandin pathway. The physiologic consequence of altered arachidonate metabolism, when GSHPx is deficient in platelets, remains to be elucidated. PMID- 6628445 TI - Influence of plasma lipids and adiposity on red blood cell tocopherol level. AB - The influence of plasma lipids and the degree of adiposity on red blood cell (RBC) tocopherol levels was investigated in children. In the first study of nonobese children with a wide range of plasma lipid values, the correlation coefficient between RBC tocopherol levels and plasma tocopherol levels was 0.39 (P less than 0.001, n = 195) but when RBC tocopherol was compared with plasma tocopherol based on plasma total lipids, the coefficient increased to 0.69. From this finding it is assumed that RBC tocopherol levels are governed by the tocopherol concentration in plasma lipids. In the second study of obese children, RBC tocopherol levels decreased in the children with 30% or more excess weight, as compared with those of control children and those with less than 30% obesity, while plasma tocopherol levels were unrelated to obesity grades. Because of no significant difference in plasma total lipid levels among these three groups of children, decreased RBC tocopherol in children with 30% or more obesity is probably attributable to their adiposity. PMID- 6628447 TI - Current clinical aspects of bacterial endocarditis in infancy, childhood, and adolescence. PMID- 6628448 TI - Intracranial arteriovenous malformations and aneurysms in childhood and adolescence. AB - Clinical data of 19 arteriovenous malformations (AVM) and 15 aneurysms (AN) are presented. Combined clinical, neurophysiological and neuroradiological follow-up studies have been carried out on the surviving patients (14 AVM and 10 AN). Two patients with multiple AN had coarctation of the aorta. Three AVM of the Vein of Galen showed typical symptoms within the 1st year of life, all other lesions became evident later than 5 years of age. In the acute phase of the disease clinical history and neurological deficits of AVM and AN tend to be very similar. Subarachnoid hemorrhage with or without intracranial hematoma is the most frequent initial symptom. A CT scan is valuable as a first orientating investigation but morphology and operability of the vascular lesion is only demonstrated by angiography. The prognosis of AVM and AN is promising as soon as the first critical period has been survived. AVM patients show significantly less severe residual neurological and psychiatric defects than AN cases. EEG-follow-up studies and CT scans are helpful for controlling residual functional and morphological cerebral damage in survivors. PMID- 6628450 TI - Hypochondrogenesis; an additional case. AB - In a case of hypochondrogenesis, abnormal fat deposits were found in the chondrocytes, by anatomopathological and by ultrastructural examination. In the cultured fibroblast we were unable to demonstrate abnormal lipid loading. Our case could be isolated from other types of lethal congenital chondrodysplasias- especially the lethal type of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita--by microscopic and ultrastructural investigations. PMID- 6628449 TI - Gluconeogenic enzymes in fibroblasts from infants dying of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). AB - The activities of mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), pyruvate carboxylase (PC), and total malic enzyme (ME) were determined in cultured fibroblasts from 74 infants diagnosed as having died from the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and 36 infants who died from known causes. In addition, the glycemic state of infants was measured by determining the 'maximum' glucose present in plasma and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) based on the following formula: glucose (maximum) = glucose + 1/2 (lactate). There were no statistical differences between SIDS and control infants in any of the three enzymatic activities measured in fibroblasts or in the estimated 'maximum' glucose values in plasma or CSF. The present results do not support the involvement of hypoglycemia as a cause of death in SIDS. PMID- 6628451 TI - Incidence of iodine contamination in neonatal transient hyperthyrotropinemia. AB - Transient hyperthyrotropinemia and/or hypothyroidism have been found in many newborn infants during thyroid screening programs. In Europe the most likely causes are iodine deficiency and iodine overload. Because of the high incidence of transient hyperthyrotropinemia in Berlin we measured iodine concentrations in casual urine samples of newborns with TSH elevations. Urine and blood samples were collected on the 5th day of life. In the prospective study 99 out of 9320 newborns (1.06%) displayed TSH concentrations ranging from 20 to 152 microU/ml. All infants had normal TSH levels during a control examination. The urinary iodine concentrations were significantly elevated in 76 out of the 99 newborns. Most of the patients were born in obstetric departments where iodine-containing antiseptic agents were routinely used for disinfection during labor. The use of iodine-containing antiseptic agents not only results in unnecessary control determinations for the thyroid screening program but also causes an undesirable metabolic situation that may be a potential hazard for the development of the central nervous system. PMID- 6628452 TI - Gaucher disease--Norrbottnian type. Neurodevelopmental, neurological, and neurophysiological aspects. AB - Neurodevelopmental, neurological and neurophysiological aspects of the Norrbottnian type of Gaucher disease (type III) were studied in 22 patients. The findings were related to clinical stages and to whether or not the patients had been splenectomized. Neurological abnormalities were mainly found in splenectomized patients who had passed the first decade of life. The EEG findings were not diagnostic for the disease, but changes were more common in the advanced stages and among splenectomized patients. The patterns of development of neurological and neurophysiological features indicate that CNS deposition of glucosylceramide increases after splenectomy, and favor a restrictive attitude towards surgery. PMID- 6628453 TI - Niemann-Pick disease (variation in the sphingomyelinase deficient group). Neurovisceral phenotype (A) with an abnormally protracted clinical course and variable expression of neurological symptomatology in three siblings. AB - We report three families with five cases of sphingomyelinase (SMase) deficiency, early neurovisceral symptomatology, and a conspicuously protracted course (7-22 years) in contrast to the characteristic acute, rapidly lethal course in classical type A cases. Most of the visceral symptoms were hepatomegaly and splenomegaly, with numerous foam cells in the bone marrow, some of them containing ceroid (sea-blue histiocytes). Histochemical and chemical biopsy studies (liver, skin, bone marrow) revealed macrophage and epithelial sphingomyelinosis and profound SMase deficiency. The dominant neurological symptoms in three of the cases included extrapyramidal involvement, marked mental deficiency, and cherry red spots in the fundus oculi of all the 5 cases. There was, however, a striking variability in the clinical signs in three siblings. The first of them, a girl, died at 7 years from purely visceral involvement with massive affection of the lungs. Despite the absence of clinically detectable, neurological symptomatology there was discrete regional neuronal storage in the brain. Her two younger brothers are still alive. The elder one (22 years) has been reduced to complete neurological invalidism while his younger brother (18 years) has no demonstrable neurological changes, and enjoys normal social integration. Symptomatologically, he is difficult to distinguish from type B, especially from its rare variants with retinal involvement. The discussion is devoted to differences between types A and B of the SMase deficiency and to the neurological symptomatology apparently independent of the gene dose in the three siblings. PMID- 6628454 TI - Measurement of the skin urocanic acid content in normal and histidinemic infants. AB - The urocanic acid content of the skin was measured photometrically in a large number of normal and histidinemic infants. A very high content was demonstrated in the normal newborn infants, followed by a rapid decrease throughout early infancy. In contrast, 36 measurements in 17 infants with histidinemia revealed a much lower content even in their newborn periods. Thus, the quantification of skin urocanic acid was considered to be simple and useful for confirming the diagnosis of histidinemia, especially in a neonatal mass-screening program. PMID- 6628455 TI - Successful treatment of neonatal Flavobacterium meningosepticum infection. AB - An 8-day-old, 2.48-kg, 35-week gestation infant developed neonatal sepsis and meningitis due to Flavobacterium meningosepticum serotype F. Treatment with a new antibiotic, azlocillin, in combination with chloramphenicol, led to complete recovery. PMID- 6628456 TI - Periodic paralysis with cardiac arrhythmia. AB - In 1963, Klein et al. first described two girls with normokalemic periodic paralysis and cardiac arrhythmia. We have observed a 15-year-old girl with cardiac arrhythmia and normokalemia but with some features of hyperkalemic, periodic paralysis. The patient showed a waddling gait and Gower's sign. She had atrophy of the proximal muscles and deep tendon reflexes were reduced. Her ECG showed bigeminy with multifocal premature ventricular contractions. At the start of an episode of muscle weakness, the serum potassium concentration rose from 3.1 to 4.4 mEq/l. Muscle weakness was not provoked by intravenous administration of 45 g glucose or of 72 g glucose followed by 10 units of regular insulin. Muscle weakness was evoked by the ingestion of 4 g potassium chloride. During the provoked muscle weakness, the ECG showed normal sinus rhythm temporarily. PMID- 6628457 TI - Dysplasia epiphysealis capitis femoris? A longitudinal observation. AB - From the age of 22 months, a boy with bilateral dysplasia of the femoral heads has been followed clinically and radiologically for over seven years. Initial ascertainment came through his mild but persistent waddling gait. The patient is of small stature with normal linear growth parallel to the third percentile. Hypothyroidism was ruled out. Fixed traction applied at 5 6/12 years for almost 3 months promptly relieved the one episode of hip pain but did not alter the favorable natural course. The hip dysplasia in this proband may differ from the type of dysplasia epiphysealis capitis femoris originally defined by Meyer. As has been recognized by others, the latter probably represents several related disorders instead of only a single nosological entity. Considerations on differential diagnosis, prognosis, and management are offered. PMID- 6628458 TI - Encephalopathy, peripheral neuropathy, dysautonomia, myasthenia gravis, malignant thymoma, and antiacetylcholine receptor antibodies in the CSF. AB - A 54-year-old man suffered from multiple neurologic disturbances (polyneuropathy, encephalopathy, dysautonomia) associated with myasthenia gravis and malignant thymoma. No morphological signs of inflammation were present in the brain and peripheral nerves. Antiacetylcholine receptor antibodies were present in the brain and peripheral nerves. Antiacetylcholine receptor antibodies were present in serum and in cerebrospinal fluid. The association of thymoma, myasthenia gravis, multiple neurologic syndromes, and antiacetylcholine receptor antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid has not been reported as yet. We suggest that this clinical picture is related to a generalized cholinergic dysfunction. PMID- 6628459 TI - Detection of circulating immune complexes associated with brain tumors. Correlation with histological differentiation and length of clinical history. AB - Sera from 30 patients with primary brain tumors were studied for the presence of circulating immune complexes by means of two different assays: the solid-phase conglutinin-binding test and the 125I-labeled Clq-binding test. Control sera were obtained from 16 healthy donors, and intra-assay control sera from 5 patients with intracerebral metastases from adenocarcinoma. The data yielded by both methods show the highest incidence of positivity in the metastases (80%), followed by poorly differentiated tumors (50%) and well-differentiated tumors (10%). The results obtained suggest that high levels of circulating immune complexes depend on the degree of histological differentiation of the tumor and on the length of the clinical history, since they were found not only in anaplastic tumors but also in tumors classified as benign but with a long clinical history. PMID- 6628460 TI - Chronic partial denervation is more widespread than is suspected clinically in paralytic poliomyelitis. Electrophysiological study. AB - Clinical evaluation, quantitative analysis of the EMG, and motor unit fiber density were carried out on 34 selected patients that suffered paralytic poliomyelitis. 50% of the subjects developed a late and slowly progressive weakness. Automatic analysis of the electromyogram showed a great increase in mean amplitude in weak muscles but also in hypertrophic ones, and in other muscles that had normal strength. Increase in mean amplitude and in motor unit fiber density was greater in the weaker muscles. The increased amplitude ad motor unit fiber density found in clinically unaffected muscles confirms that neurogenic atrophy is more widespread than is suspected clinically. Thus, the late deterioration of function developed in some of the patients always takes place in muscles which are previously damaged and partially depleted in motor units. Widespread neurogenic involvement of the muscles can play an important role in the late deterioration of these patients. PMID- 6628461 TI - Spectral analysis of all-night sleep EEG in healthy adults. AB - Power and coherence spectra were computed from all-night sleep EEG records in 6 healthy adult subjects. Derivations were from F3, F4, P3, P4, O1, O2, T3, and T4 to the vertex (Cz). Records were conventionally scored into sleep stages. Average power per sleep stage was maximal at frequencies 0.4-6 c/s in stage 4, at 6-10 c/s in either stage 3 or stage 4, at 12-14 c/s in stage 2 and at 14-30 c/s in stage 1. The average power range from highest values in the lowest frequency band to lowest values in the highest frequency band showed marked differences between sleep stages: It was lowest (12-14 dB) in stage 1, followed by stage 2 (20-22 dB), and stage 3 (16-28 dB), and largest in stage 4 (29-32 dB). REM sleep (15-16 sB) was between stage 1 and 2. The waking state showed an average power range of 11-15 dB. Alpha power at 8-10 c/s in occipital and parietal leads was remarkably constant during sleep, i.e. independent of sleep stage. Coherence showed maximal values at 2-8 c/s in REM sleep, at 8-12 c/s in stage 4, at 12-17 c/s in either stage 3 or 4, and at 17-30 c/s again in stage REM. There was significant coherence increase at 2-8 and 17-30 c/s from NREM to REM sleep, most pronounced between parietal to vertex derivations. Overall coherence between both occipital to-vertex, or between occipital and parietal-to-vertex derivations, was essentially higher than in the other derivations. The results, essentially, give a comprehensive phenomenology of the dynamic spectral structure of all-night sleep EEG. They suggest that the different brain states during sleep (e.g. stage 1 NREM vs. REM) which are associated with different functions (e.g. hypnagogic hallucinations vs. dreams) differ in EEG spectral parameters if coherence is considered. Likewise, they suggest that studies of automatic sleep staging based exclusively on EEG spectral parameters appear promising. PMID- 6628462 TI - Modifications of the erythrocyte membrane phospholipids in a family with cerebellar ataxia. AB - The phospholipid composition and the phospholipid fatty acids of the erythrocyte membrane were determined in a family affected with cerebellar ataxia. 3 adult subjects showed clear clinical signs of the disease, while 3 children were clinically healthy. The phosphatidylserine was diminished, and significant variations were seen in the composition of the fatty acids. The composition of the fatty acids of sphingomyelin was also altered. The same biochemical modifications were seen in patients as well as in their children without clinical signs of the disease. PMID- 6628463 TI - Prognosis of symptomatic intracranial obstruction of internal carotid artery. AB - 21 patients with intracranial obstruction of an internal carotid artery (ICA) (15 stenoses, 6 occlusions) were studied for angiographic, clinical and prognostic evaluation. Evidence of atheromatous changes and associated risk factors did not significantly differ from age- and sex-matched controls with extracranial ICA disease. No significant difference occurred between matched groups with extra- or intracranial ICA obstruction in functional outcome, delayed strokes, TIAs and death, suggesting that prognosis was more related to age, sex and degree of obstruction than to level of obstruction. 80% intracranial stenosis patients had the worst functional outcome, 30-60% stenosis patients the best, and occlusion patients were intermediate. This corresponded to higher risk of delayed stroke in patients with 80% stenosis. The prognosis was better in patients without evidence of proximal atheromatosis. Only 1 patient with intracranial occlusion suffered delayed homolateral TIAs in which atheromatous embolization from stenosed contralateral ICA was hypothetized. PMID- 6628464 TI - Electrophysiological investigations of the brainstem in the vertebrobasilar reversible attacks. AB - A total of 70 selected patients affected by reversible ischemic attacks in the vertebrobasilar system were studied. 50 patients presented transient ischemic attacks (TIA), while the other 20 patients suffered from 1-2 protracted transient ischemic attacks (PTIA). All patients underwent brainstem acoustic evoked potentials (BAEP) and electrooculography (EOG) 7-20 days from the last reversible ischemic attack, when all signs and symptoms completely disappeared. The combination of BAEP and EOG gave objective evidence of brainstem dysfunction in 61 out of 70 patients. BAEP resulted abnormal in 26 patients (16 TIA, 10 PTIA), EOG in 49 (36 TIA, 13 PTIA). Serial controls at 3, 6, and 12 months were conducted in 27 patients. 5 patients showed a normalization for BAEP and 7 for EOG 12 months after the first examination. PMID- 6628465 TI - Adenine metabolism in erythrocytes of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - The primarily metabolic defect in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is still unknown. In addition to the disturbance of muscle cell and erythrocyte membranes of patients with DMD an impairment of purine metabolism has been suggested on the basis of the decreased ATP content of the muscle fibers. To avoid the leakage of adenine nucleotides from cells, allopurinol has been administered to DMD patients to increase the formation of adenine nucleotides via the salvage pathway. The purpose of this study was to investigate this hypothesis of an effect of allopurinol on the formation of adenine nucleotides. Furthermore, the clinical status of allopurinol-treated DMD patients was examined. Biochemical studies were performed on erythrocytes of 19 patients with DMD, and adenine nucleotide concentrations and the incorporation of 14C-adenine into purine nucleotides were assessed before and after 6 months of allopurinol therapy. No improvement of the clinical status could be observed, although a slight increase in ATP formation was seen. PMID- 6628466 TI - The value of various methods for determining lymphatic metastases in prostatic carcinoma. AB - A series of 102 prostatic carcinoma patients was subjected to en bloc pelvic lymphadenectomy. The lymph nodes were collected in groups and examined with the help of the serial section method. An exact N determination is possible by means of the size and location of the lymph node metastases. Compared with this method, the following procedures were critically evaluated: pedal lymphography, excretory urography, clinical examination, explorative lymphadenectomy and pelvic vasography. The results of computer tomography, lymph node biopsy, prostatic lymphography and lymphoscintigraphy are indirectly evaluated. The invasiveness of en bloc lymphadenectomy is discussed. PMID- 6628467 TI - Clinical significance of routine follow-up examinations in patients with metastatic cancer of the prostate under hormone treatment. AB - The results of clinical examination, skeletal X-ray, bone scan and phosphatase determinations in serum were analyzed in 30 patients with metastatic prostatic cancer prior to and during anti-androgenic treatment. Bone scan revealed skeletal metastases in all 30 patients, whereas X-ray showed bone metastases in only 22 patients. Radiological pseudoprogression and scintigraphic flair reaction were relatively frequent findings during the first 3-8 months of effective hormone therapy. Later on progressive changes on X-ray and bone scan were well related to clinical progression of the disease and indicated a poor prognosis in the individual patient. Soft tissue metastases most often responded well to the initial hormone treatment, but regrew only rarely during later disease progression. Changes of the radioimmunologically determined prostatic acid phosphatase seemed most often to indicate the presence of advanced disease and subsequent disease progression. Second line treatment of hormone-unresponsive prostatic cancer is at best palliative and has not been proved to prolong the survival in most of the patients. In routine clinical practice, the need for such second line therapy is dependent on the patient's symptoms and not on the early detection of progressive changes on X-ray, bone scan or blood tests. Therefore it seems unnecessary to perform these examinations regularly in hormone-treated asymptomatic patients with advanced prostatic cancer unless the patient is entered into a clinical research program. PMID- 6628468 TI - Paraplegia and prostatic cancer. AB - When paraplegia occurs as a result of malignant disease, it generally means that the patient's survival is limited to a few months. The exceptions to this rule include patients with paraplegia or quadraplegia as a result of metastases from carcinoma of the prostate. This study concerns 24 men with paraplegia, 20 of whom lived for over 5 years following the onset of paralysis, 18 being rehabilitated. The prostatic cause of paralysis may not be obvious at the first, and conventional X-rays of the spine may be negative. The serum acid phosphatase was raised in several cases, confirmation of the diagnosis could either be made by biopsy of the prostate gland or, if laminectomy is performed, by examining the tissue that compresses the spinal cord. Laminectomy is recommended only in patients with rapidly advancing neurological signs. The treatment of choice is orchidectomy rather than hormonal treatment in the elderly age group, as oestrogens cause cardio-vascular complications. PMID- 6628469 TI - Prognostic significance of the symptoms associated with prostatic carcinoma. AB - This paper discusses the prognostic significance of the symptoms of prostatic carcinoma. In a series of 123 patients, 72 presented with prostatism, of which 11% died with progressive malignant disease. Of 36 patients with retention of urine, 30% died with progressive malignant disease, and of 15 patients with a combination of skeletal pain and prostatism, 53% died of progressive malignant disease. Skeletal pain is a very poor prognostic factor. PMID- 6628470 TI - Effectiveness and morbidity of secondary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection after chemotherapy in testicular tumors. AB - Addition of surgery to cytoreductive chemotherapy has increased the number of patients with complete remission after advanced testicular cancer. In this report, we present the morbidity of complete retroperitoneal lymph node dissection following aggressive chemotherapy in 10 of these patients. Although no mortality and no postoperative major complications were registered in our series, there were high morbidity rates during operation represented by single or multiple dehiscences of the inferior vena cava and/or renal vein (7 cases), aortic graft for aortic dehiscence (1 case), partial sigmoidectomy after inferior mesenteric artery division (1 case with previous retroperitoneal radiotherapy), total nephrectomy (2 cases), and suprarenalectomy (5 cases). Because the overall possible benefit of chemotherapy-surgery combination was seen in 7 of our 10 stage III-B4 patients, we believe that the combined approach is the best option for treating advanced retroperitoneal testicular cancer and its results justify the morbidity due to lymphadenectomy. PMID- 6628471 TI - Invasion of veins in renal cell carcinoma - frequency, correlation and prognosis. AB - Of 426 operatively removed renal cell carcinomas, macroscopic vein invasion was proven in 197 cases, i.e. 46.2%. The inferior vena cava contained tumor in 4.0%, the trunk of the renal vein in 24.4%, and in 18.1% only the major branches of the renal vein were found invaded. In 132 patients (31.0%) with tumor-free major renal branches, vein invasion could be demonstrated histologically. Statistically significant correlations could be found comparing renal vein invasion and other pathological parameters as histological grade, tumor diameter, local spread and lymphatic metastases. Proof of renal vein invasion affects prognosis: age corrected 5-year survival rates amounted to 33.6 +/- 8.5% in macroscopically determined vein invasion; 62.3 +/- 11.9% in histologically determined vein invasion, and 89.0 +/- 10.3% without vein invasion. Vein invasion should be subdivided into an only histological and a macroscopical group of evidence, because significantly different survival rates will result. Therefore, an exact definition of the UICC classification criteria and a standardized usage are necessary and should be kept in mind for the next issue of the UICC classifications. PMID- 6628472 TI - Calyco-ureteroplasty in the management of selected renal calculi. AB - Calyco-ureteroplasty was performed in 15 renal calculi patients with grossly deformed upper tracts. The procedure aimed to achieve total clearance of calculi, preserve renal function and check stone recurrence. At follow-up from 6 months to 7 years, there was no stone recurrence and all the patients maintained sterile urine cultures. There was both biochemical and radiological improvement in renal function. It is felt that this procedure may have a role in rehabilitating diseased renal units, preserves renal function and involves no parenchymal loss. PMID- 6628473 TI - Transcatheter embolization with autologous clot in the treatment of renal bleeding. AB - Six cases of renal bleeding which were successfully treated by transcatheter embolization with autologous clot are described and illustrated. The problems of clot lysis and consequent vessel recanalization are discussed both from an experimental and clinical point of view. It is concluded that clot embolization is suitable treatment for renal bleeding and, in selected cases, is preferable to open surgery. PMID- 6628474 TI - A plea for endoscopic treatment in diabetic papillary necrosis. AB - Long-term follow-up of 4 female diabetics, treated for acute papillary necrosis by drainage of the renal pelvis through a large ureteral catheter, proved that this is the method of choice. Later observation over years showed how dangerous nephrectomy might have been in these cases. PMID- 6628475 TI - Combined analysis of kidney stones by X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe. AB - Oxalate, apatite, struvite, uric acid and cystine stones were routinely analysed by X-ray diffraction. A second analysis was performed by electron microprobe. The substances not detected by X-ray diffraction were apatite and struvite in oxalate and cystine stones. Oxalate was not found in uric acid stones because of insufficient routine sample preparation, but could be detected in a second X-ray analysis. Conclusions concerning the exact stone composition can only be reached after X-ray diffraction has been completed in conjunction with a second procedure, such as electron microprobe analysis. For clinical routine use X-ray diffraction is sufficient if adequate sample preparation is performed. The electron microprobe analysis provides further information about mixed phase formations (single or multiple layers, diffuse distributions etc.) and about inclusions in a phase, which have some clinical consequences. PMID- 6628477 TI - 'Rotation cut technique' for avoiding damage to the external sphincter. AB - Resectional lesions of the external sphincter muscle are not only caused by inadequate identification but also by technical misadventure. This apparently overlooked hazard can probably be diminished by using rotating cuts in the apical region. In a personal series of 721 patients subsequently followed up, there was no case of permanent gravity incontinence. PMID- 6628476 TI - Urinary and plasma oxalate during ingestion of pure ascorbic acid: a re evaluation. AB - Daily ingestion of 8 g of pure ascorbic acid by 8 normal subjects for 7 days did not, in contrast to previous reports in the literature, significantly alter urinary or plasma oxalate during or after ingestion. When urine with raised ascorbate values was heated at 100 degrees C for 30 min, a significant increase in urinary oxalate concentration was observed. Plasma ascorbate reached a mean value during ingestion of 3.3 mg/100 ml. Urinary citrate excretion significantly decreased during the first 4 days of ascorbic acid ingestion; however, the urinary inhibitory activity of calcium oxalate crystal growth was not significantly altered. Urinary and serum urate as well as urinary calcium and magnesium were unaltered by ingestion of the vitamin supplement. PMID- 6628478 TI - Bilateral cystic seminal vesicles associated with unilateral renal agenesis. AB - A 50-year-old man had bilateral cystic seminal vesicles and unilateral renal agenesis. Preoperatively, the diagnosis could be suggested by rectal exploration, cystoscopy, intravenous urography and CT scan. PMID- 6628479 TI - A response to the GAO report, "disparities still exist in who gets special education". PMID- 6628480 TI - Assessment and intervention strategies for the bilingual language-disordered student. PMID- 6628481 TI - Have competencies needed by teachers of the hearing impaired changed in 25 years? PMID- 6628483 TI - Analyzing individualized education programs for vocational components: an exploratory study. PMID- 6628482 TI - Self-instructional training: cognitive behavior modification for remediating arithmetic deficits. PMID- 6628484 TI - Teachers' attitudes toward IEP's: a two-year follow-up. PMID- 6628485 TI - Nonbiased assessment of adaptive behavior: comparison of three instruments. PMID- 6628486 TI - Social-performance expectations of professionals for behaviorally disordered youth. PMID- 6628487 TI - A microanalysis of participant behavior in familiar and unfamiliar test conditions. PMID- 6628488 TI - Reliability, validity, and clinical utility of the social functioning exam in the assessment of stroke patients. AB - Social functioning is an important variable in the rehabilitation of stroke patients. We have designed a 28 item semi-structured interview to measure social functioning and have used this instrument in 103 stroke patients in whom we were investigating the occurrence of mood disorders. The social functioning exam was demonstrated to have high interrater and test-retest reliability as well as good agreement with social functioning as measured by other instruments or clinical assessment. The utility of the measurement of social functioning in the assessment of post-stroke mood disorders was demonstrated by the significant correlation between severity of depression and the degree of dysfunction in social functioning six months after the acute stroke, as well as the significant difference in mean social functioning scores between non-depressed and depressed groups. PMID- 6628489 TI - Cognitive and psychosocial differences between I and E locus of control aged persons. AB - An abbreviated version of Rotter's Locus of Control (LOC) Scale was administered to 437 elderly subjects living in a variety of settings in an urban community. The group (n = 199) which scored below the median (internal orientation) was compared with the group (n = 238) which scored at or above the median (external orientation) on an array of 37 cognitive and psychosocial variables. Significant differences, mostly favoring the internal subjects, were found on 13 of the variables, suggesting relatively better self-reported health status, cognitive, and personal-social functioning on their part. These results are in general agreement with most other reports dealing with the relationships between LOC responses of the aged and their psychosocial functioning. Step-wise multiple regression analysis of the intercorrelations among the 37 variables and LOC show only seven are significant and these account for no more than 13 percent of the variance. The overall impression is that LOC has a reliable relationship to limited aspects of cognitive and psychosocial functioning, but that the power of its predictive effectiveness is still quite limited. PMID- 6628490 TI - Behavioral comparison of aged virgin and retired breeder mice. PMID- 6628491 TI - Extraversion is not a filter, neuroticism is not an outcome: a reply to Lawton. AB - Although Lawton acknowledges that Extraversion is positively, and Neuroticism negatively, related to subjective well-being, he misinterprets the natures of these two broad personality traits. "Extraversion" refers to two quite different conceptions in personality theory, and Lawton has based his discussion on the wrong one. The mood variability and environmental sensitivity he attributes to extraverts is better seen as a result of the personality dimension of Openness to Experience. In addition, Lawton fails to distinguish between states and traits, and so concludes that Neuroticism is an outcome rather than a determinant of well being. Evidence from retest studies and experimental mood manipulation shows that Neuroticism is indeed a personality trait that may influence mood outcomes. Since measures of subjective well-being are so strongly influenced by stable personality traits, other approaches to the measurement of life quality are needed, and Lawton's identification of behavioral competence and the external environment as independent sectors of well-being is an important contribution. PMID- 6628492 TI - Nightly variation in sleep-related respiratory disturbance in older adults. AB - This study investigated variation in respiratory disturbance during sleep. Sixty six healthy elderly subjects (mean age = 67.2) underwent two consecutive nights of polysomnography. Respiratory disturbance was assessed by Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI), the number of events per hour of sleep. Results indicated an increase in RDI from Night 1 to Night 2. Fourteen subjects increased their RDI by over 2.5, and eight by over 5.0, events per hour on Night 2. The increase was not a function of increased REM on Night 2. Age was positively related to RDI on individual lab nights but unrelated to nightly variation in RDI. Subjects without complaints of insomnia were more likely to show increases in RDI, perhaps reflecting the sounder sleep of this group on the second laboratory night. This study suggests that a single night of polysomnography is likely to underestimate the absolute level of respiratory disturbance seen in a subsequent recording night. Studies placing prevalence of such disturbance in the elderly at approximately 30% are thus likely to be underestimates. Whether this "error" is important will depend ultimately upon the meaning of various absolute levels of respiratory disturbance in healthy older persons. PMID- 6628493 TI - Adults' mental rotation of spatial information: effects of age, sex and cerebral laterality. AB - The mental rotation ability of young (mean age = 25.3) and elderly adults (mean age = 65.3) was assessed. Preferred cerebral hemisphere for information processing was determined by asking subjects questions designed to elicit lateral eye movements. Subjects were classified as preferring the right hemisphere, the left hemisphere, or neither hemisphere (mixed dominance). Participants were then given a task requiring them to match rotated blocks used in the Shepard and Metzler [13] experiment. Young subjects were more accurate than elderly subjects and males were more accurate than females at both age levels. There was no difference in accuracy as a function of preferred hemisphere for information processing. It was concluded that: (1) there may be no relationship between preferred hemisphere for processing and accuracy on a mental rotation task (2) there are age-related changes in the accuracy of mental rotation, and (3) males perform more accurately than females throughout adulthood on mental rotation tasks. PMID- 6628494 TI - The effect of age on hemispheric asymmetry in visual and auditory identification. AB - On psychometric tests, spatial scores typically decline more with age than do verbal scores. Since in humans, visuo-spatial information is more efficiently processed by the right hemisphere (RH) and verbal information by the left (LH), this behavioral pattern could reflect a greater age decline in RH than in LH abilities. To test this possibility, the speed with which young and old subjects identified stimuli in their right and left visual fields was measured. Since each half field, projects to the opposite hemisphere, by presenting stimuli in one half field, RH and LH abilities can be measured relatively independently. Words were identified faster in the right field (i.e., LH), pictorial stimuli in the left (RH). This was equally true for both young and old. Similarly, a right ear advantage in the identification of dichotically presented syllables was of equal magnitude in both age groups. Thus, there was no evidence on these tasks for a selective decline with age in RH processing efficiency. PMID- 6628495 TI - Meaningfulness and problem-solving performance by younger and older adults. AB - Younger and older adults solved reasoning problems in either abstract or meaningful form. Contrary to expectation, older adults did not differ on the two versions, but younger adults were aided by meaningfulness. Results of a second task showed no age differences in the time to produce associations to problem elements or in the number of associations. There were differences in the quality of associations, and association quality was significantly related to performance on the reasoning problems for older adults. PMID- 6628496 TI - The effects of light reinforcement and noise on young and old squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). AB - In two age groups of squirrel monkeys, subjects performed an operant response for light onset in the presence or absence of white noise. Results of the study indicate that light is an effective reinforcer for both younger and older monkeys, but differentially. The study also indicates that the presence of white noise affects responding in both age groups dissimilarly. PMID- 6628497 TI - Acute hypotensive action of clonidine after intravenous infusion in hypertensive emergencies. AB - Clonidine was administered by intravenous infusion to 12 patients classified as having exaggerated arterial hypertension, their systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP) and mean (MAP) arterial pressures were significantly reduced from the third min. The maximal percentage reduction (Mean +/- SEM) reached 30.1 +/- 3.1% (SAP) and 24.7 +/- 2.9% (DAP) after 30 to 110 min of infusion. Initially there were transitory initial increases in SAP (3 patients) and DAP (1 patient). The increases in blood pressure were related to low body surface area (BSA). The dose of clonidine per m2BSA able to reduce by 10% either SAP or DAP (active dose-10), and the dose able to reduce SAP or DAP by 10 mmHg in one minute (systolic or diastolic clonidine unit) were calculated, providing indices for detecting clonidine responsiveness in patients with exaggerated hypertension. This method is advantageous when using clonidine intravenously because it diminishes the risk of overdosage. PMID- 6628499 TI - Norfenefrine: haemodynamic effects in healthy volunteers at rest and during orthostasis. AB - The haemodynamic effects of the alpha-mimetic norfenefrine 1.5-4.5 micrograms/kg/min i.v. were studied by invasive methods in six healthy male volunteers at rest and during orthostasis (90 degrees on tilt table). Norfenefrine was more effective at rest and during exercise in raising blood pressure in the pulmonary than in the systemic arterial system. It was concluded that norfenefrine should be effective in the treatment of patients with orthostatic dysregulation due to reduced venous tone. PMID- 6628498 TI - Comparative haemodynamic dose-response effects of intravenous propranolol and pindolol in patients with coronary heart disease. AB - To determine whether the depression of left ventricular pumping activity associated with beta-blockade alone could be offset by a substantial degree of partial agonist activity, the haemodynamic dose-response effects of intravenous propranolol and pindolol were compared in a randomised between-group saline controlled study in twenty patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease. The intravenous doses of propranolol (2-16 mg) and pindolol (0.2-1.6 mg) used were selected on the basis of published reports of equivalence in terms of exercise blockade of chronotropic beta-adrenoceptors. Following four intravenous boluses of each drug, administered according to a cumulative log-dosage schedule, there was a log-linear increase in the plasma concentrations of each drug. The range of plasma concentrations achieved were those which have been shown to be associated with substantial attenuation of sympathetic stimulation of cardiac beta-adrenoceptors. At rest propranolol resulted in dose-related linear reductions in heart rate and cardiac output and linear increases in left heart filling pressure and systemic vascular resistance compared with saline-controlled measurements. The only statistically significant change at rest after pindolol was a small increase in the left heart filling pressure. The calculated systemic vascular resistance was increased after propranolol but unchanged after pindolol. During supine bicycle exercise the systolic blood pressure increased less after propranolol than after saline or pindolol. The increments in all other measured haemodynamic variables during exercise were equally influenced by the two drugs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6628500 TI - Cardiocirculatory effects of moclobemide (Ro 11-1163), a new reversible, a short acting MAO-inhibitor with preferential type A inhibition, in healthy volunteers and depressive patients. AB - The benzamide-derivative moclobemide (Ro 11-1163) is a new short-acting, reversible MAO-inhibitor, preferentially affecting Type A MAO, which is, being developed as an antidepressant agent. The effect of moclobemide on heart rate, blood pressure, electrocardiographic and systolic time intervals was assessed in eight healthy volunteers and seven depressive patients. The volunteers received single doses of 100 mg, 150 mg and placebo in radomized single-blind order. Seven patients received placebo and 100 mg as single doses and five patients were also given chronic treatment with individually assessed optimal therapeutic dose (100 400 mg). No change in blood pressure, heart rate, ECG or systolic time intervals was found. The compound was well tolerated. The findings suggest that moclobemide may be a safe MAO-inhibitor as far as sympathetic responsiveness and cardiovascular effects are concerned. PMID- 6628502 TI - Fasting and postprandial absorption of digoxin from a microencapsulated formulation. AB - The absorption of digoxin from a capsule preparation containing a large number of small, enteric-coated granules of the glycoside (Preparation CR) was compared in 10 volunteers with that from a rapidly dissolving tablet (Preparation L). Plasma and urine digoxin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. In the fasting state, after a loading dose of digoxin (0.76 mg), peak plasma concentrations were significantly (p less than 0.001) lower after CR (2.0 +/- 0.5 nmol/l, mean +/- SD) than L (4.7 +/- 1.1 nmol/l). Peak concentrations after CR were significantly (p less than 0.001) delayed compared to L (3.3 +/- 0.6 h vs 1.1 +/- 0.4 h). Also, postprandial peak plasma concentrations at steady state, were significantly (p less than 0.01) lower after CR (1.0 +/- 0.3 nmol/l) than L (2.7 +/- 0.5 nmol/l), and the peak concentrations occurred later (3.9 +/- 1.7 h vs 1.4 +/- 0.9 h). The area under the plasma concentration-time curves was smaller (p less than 0.01) for CR (17.7 +/- 5.9 nmol X 1(-1) X h) than for L (22.4 +/- 4.1 nmol X 1(-1) X h), and so was the amount of drug excreted in urine (174 +/- 25 micrograms vs 190 +/- 31 micrograms; p less than 0.005). Thus, the absorption rate of digoxin from the enteric-coated formulation was markedly reduced but at the cost of a variable reduction in the amount absorbed. PMID- 6628501 TI - Influence of verapamil on the inotropism and pharmacokinetics of digoxin. AB - Verapamil has been demonstrated to inhibit the elimination of digoxin and to increase its steady state plasma level by 60-80%. Animal studies suggest that verapamil abolishes the intropic action of other drugs such as ouabain and dopamine. The clinical consequences of this drug interaction were investigated by examining the inotropic activity of single doses of digoxin (assessed from systolic time intervals), with and without coadministration of verapamil. Verapamil decreased total-body clearance of digoxin from 4.68 +/- 0.41 to 3.29 +/ 0.26 ml/min/kg (p less than 0.001) and increased the plasma half-life of the drug from 33.50 +/- 2.38 to 41.31 +/- 2.27 h (p less than 0.01). Verapamil had no influence on the base-line values of the systolic time intervals. Both in the absence and presence of verapamil, digoxin caused significant shortening of the total electromechanical systole and the left ventricular ejection time. However, compared to control conditions, the decay of these changes was slower in the presence of verapamil, in parallel with the prolongation of the plasma half-life of digoxin. A linear relationship was established between reductions in the systolic time intervals and the computer-derived concentration of digoxin in the deep compartment. These regression lines, which represent the concentration effect relationships of the inotropism of digoxin, were not affected by verapamil. Thus, verapamil per se had no measurable effect either on base-line contractile function of the heart or on digoxin-induced inotropism. The elevated plasma digoxin concentration induced by verapamil appears cardioactive in terms of inotropism. PMID- 6628503 TI - Effect of low doses of heparin on the plasma binding of phenytoin and prazosin in normal man. AB - The effect of low doses of heparin on the binding of phenytoin and prazosin to plasma proteins was evaluated in four normal subjects. Heparin activates the hydrolysis of triglycerides in plasma. The ensuing increase in non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) was more marked in vitro than in vivo and increased the free fraction (FF) of phenytoin and prazosin in plasma. The higher FF caused a change in the plasma to whole blood ratio (P/B ratio) of both drugs. The changes in FF and P/B ratio after heparin were small, but could be of significance in pharmacokinetic studies. PMID- 6628504 TI - Time course of phenobarbital and cimetidine mediated changes in hepatic drug metabolism. AB - Four healthy subjects were investigated weekly for 14 weeks by the antipyrine one sample saliva test, the 48-h urinary excretion of major antipyrine metabolites and the 2-h aminopyrine breath test before, during and after stimulation and inhibition of drug metabolism with phenobarbital and cimetidine, respectively. The phenobarbital-induced enhancement of antipyrine clearance (1.33-2.03 times) and of the aminopyrine breath test (0.94-1.19 times) occurred one week after beginning drug administration and persisted for 10 days after its cessation. The cimetidine-related inhibition of antipyrine clearance (0.62-0.85 times) and of the aminopyrine breath test (0.52-0.93 times) was observed 24 h after beginning cimetidine administration and subsided within two days after the last dose. During enhancement and inhibition the clearance of antipyrine to 3-hydroxymethyl , 4-hydroxy- and norantipyrine varied as the total antipyrine clearance. The intraindividual variation in antipyrine clearance was 6-8%, and the corresponding variation in urinary excretion of antipyrine metabolites was 10-20%. It is concluded that the influence of phenobarbital and cimetidine on hepatic microsomal enzyme activity can be monitored simply by measurement of the blood concentration of the drug. Whether this simple relationship applies to other microsomally mediated drug interactions requires further evaluation. PMID- 6628505 TI - Cimetidine disposition in patients with Laennec's cirrhosis during multiple dosing therapy. AB - The disposition of cimetidine after oral and intravenous administration during multiple dosing was studied in 11 patients with Laennec's cirrhosis. The average metabolic clearance of cimetidine in these patients was 15 l/h, similar to values reported for normal subjects. However, in 4 subjects with plasma prothrombin times above normal, the metabolic clearance was significantly decreased and ranged between 4.3 and 13.0 l/h. The renal clearance of cimetidine was proportional to the creatinine clearance in all subjects, regardless of the severity of the liver disease. The clearance of cimetidine in patients with Laennec's cirrhosis, therefore, appears to be predictable from creatinine clearance and prothrombin time. PMID- 6628506 TI - Pharmacokinetics of the new aldosterone antagonist, spirorenone, in healthy volunteers after single and repeated daily doses. AB - The plasma concentrations of spirorenone in two groups of male volunteers have been determined after single and 14 daily doses of spirorenone 10 and 40 mg. Independent of the dose and pretreatment, spirorenone was absorbed with a half life of 20-30 min, achieving maximum concentrations of about 100 ng/ml (10 mg) and 260 ng/ml (40 mg) after 1-2 h. Disposition of the parent drug was biphasic with half-lives of 50-60 min (distribution) and 5-6 h (elimination). Neither significant accumulation nor enzyme induction were observed after prolonged treatment. In one test subject given spirorenone 40 mg, the concentration of an active metabolite, 1,2-dihydrospirorenone, was measured. This compound accumulated considerably after multiple dosing and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve increased from 16 to 52% relative to that of spirorenone itself. PMID- 6628507 TI - Pharmacokinetics of triamterene after i.v. administration to man: determination of bioavailability. AB - With a new formulation, which made intravenous infusion of triamterene (TA) possible, plasma levels and urinary excretion rates of TA and its main metabolite (OH-TA-ester) were measured in a randomized, cross-over trial in 6 healthy volunteers given triamterene 10 mg i.v. and 50 mg p.o. TA and OH-TA-ester were determined by densitometric measurement of native fluorescence after thin layer chromatography. Distribution volumes of the central compartment of TA and OH-TA ester were 1.49 l/kg and 0.11 l/kg, respectively. Terminal half-lives were 255 min for TA and 188 min for OH-TA-ester after i.v. administration. For TA total plasma clearance was 4.5 l/min and renal plasma clearance 0.22 l/kg. The formation of OH-TA-ester was very rapid and the concentration of the metabolite exceeded that of TA at all times. After i.v. administration the urinary recovery of TA and OH-TA-ester was 4.4% and 50.9%, respectively. The bioavailability of TA was 52%, corresponding to absorption of 83%. TA is partly eliminated by a first pass-effect. The main metabolite of TA is OH-TA-ester, which is pharmacologically active. PMID- 6628508 TI - Pharmacokinetics of intravenous indoramin in middle-aged male and female volunteers. AB - The pharmacokinetics of indoramin (Baratol) have been studied in five male and five female healthy, middle-aged volunteers after intravenous administration (0.14 mg/kg). Elimination occurred in an apparently biexponential fashion with a mean elimination half-life of 4.0 h (+/- 0.25 SEM). The mean plasma clearance was 19.9 ml/min/kg (+/- 1.32 SEM) and the mean volume of distribution 7.4 l/kg (+/- 0.81 SEM). There were no significant differences in these parameters between male and female volunteers. Protein binding of indoramin ranged from 85.6% at 81 ng/ml to 72.2% at 129 micrograms/ml. Two classes of binding site were evident, with affinity constants of 6.85 X 10(4)M -1 and 4.30 X 10(3)M -1. PMID- 6628509 TI - CSF penetration and pharmacokinetics of midazolam. PMID- 6628510 TI - Pharmacokinetics of aspirin and salicylate in elderly subjects and in patients with alcoholic liver disease. AB - Plasma aspirin, salicylate and salicyluric acid concentrations were monitored in young, elderly and alcoholic subjects after ingestion of a single 1.2 g dose of soluble aspirin. The plasma aspirin, salicylate and unbound salicylate concentration-time profiles varied considerably between individual subjects. Most of the pharmacokinetic parameters derived from these profiles were not significantly different between young subjects, elderly subjects and subjects with alcoholic liver disease. Individual plasma albumin concentrations provided a better index of the unbound plasma salicylate clearances and salicylate plasma protein binding than the age of the subject or the presence of alcoholic liver disease. Highest unbound plasma salicylate concentrations were found in subjects with the lowest plasma albumin concentrations. PMID- 6628511 TI - Erythromycin absorption in healthy volunteers from single and multiple doses of enteric-coated pellets and tablets. AB - The absorption of erythromycin from two different enteric-coated preparations was evaluated in three groups of healthy volunteers. After a single dose, taken after an overnight fast, absorption was significantly better from enteric-coated pellets than from tablets; both the mean peak serum concentration and the peak mean level were higher (p less than 0.01) in all three groups, and the mean area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC) was at least 65% larger. Eight out of 23 subjects showed no or only a very low serum concentration after the enteric coated tablets. In a follow-up study, 250 mg doses were given 6-hourly for 3 days, and again the mean maximum serum concentration was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) after the pellets. In conclusion, enteric-coated pellets led to more regular and predictable absorption of erythromycin than did coated tablets. PMID- 6628513 TI - Excretion of verapamil in human milk. AB - The concentration of verapamil in milk and serum was determined in samples taken within the same hour 3-5 days after delivery of a 25 year old women treated with verapamil (Isoptin) 240 mg daily for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. The average concentration of verapamil in milk was found to be 23% of that in serum, and the total excretion in milk was less than 0,01% of the administered dose. PMID- 6628512 TI - Unresponsiveness of prolactin to repeated injection of sulpiride in man. AB - The prolactin (PRL) response to repeated injections of sulpiride, a dopamine antagonist, was evaluated in 18 healthy young men. Each subject received one or two injections of sulpiride 1 mg/kg i.m. The first injection was always given at 9 a.m. and the second after 2, 8, 24 or 48 h. Blood samples were taken through an indwelling venous catheter every 20 min during the first hour following the injection and then hourly for 12 h. The first sulpiride injection increased serum PRL level 10-fold the peak being reached after 20 or 40 min. The second injection up to 24 h had no effect on serum PRL, but when two sulpiride injections were given at a 48 h-interval, both caused a sharp increase in PRL. To conclude, PRL cells in man, after a sulpiride injection, may therefore be unresponsive to a second sulpiride injection for more than 24 h. PMID- 6628514 TI - Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of three dyphylline preparations. AB - The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of 3 oral dyphylline preparations, solution (S), regular (R) and sustained release (SR), were studied in 8 healthy subjects (mean age 25 years). A single dose of each preparation, 20 mg X kg-1, was given at one week intervals and multiple serum samples obtained over 24 h. Drug levels were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. No adverse effects were found. The dyphylline half-life for the solution was 2.16 +/- 0.18 h and for the tablet 2.59 +/- 0.56 h. The mean clearance rate for S was 13.6 +/- 1.7 h-1 and volume of distribution 43.0 +/- 3.91. Peak concentration (Cmax, micrograms X ml-1), time of peak (Tmax, h), area under the curve (AUC, micrograms X ml-1 X h) and relative bioavailability (RB, %), were determined for three preparations: Cmax S, 33.7 +/- 3.7; R, 27.7 +/- 4.2; SR, 10.4 +/- 1.5 Tmax: S, 0.33 +/- 0.0; R, 0.66 +/- 0.0; SR, 2.13 +/- 1.1 AUC: S, 108.4 +/- 12.1; R, 113.9 +/- 25.2; SR, 104.0 +/- 30.8 RB: Reference Product R, 105.00 +/- 16.00; SR, 100.00 +/- 25.00 The data confirm the short half-life of dyphylline, demonstrate a lack of toxicity for the 20 mg X kg-1 dose and establish bioequivalence for the products studied. PMID- 6628515 TI - Effects of prenalterol on cardiac performance and transmural myocardial perfusion in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - The acute haemodynamic effects of the beta-adrenoreceptor agonist, prenalterol, were studied in six patients with chronic end-stage renal failure. Prenalterol 0.8 mg, 1.6 mg, and 3.2 mg was administered i.v. as a bolus, and after the last dose the selective adrenergic beta-1-receptor antagonist metoprolol was administered i.v. in doses of 5 and 10 mg. The haemodynamic effects of the drugs were investigated using impedance cardiography and radionuclide angiocardiography. The main haemodynamic effects were a dose-related chronotropic effect, demonstrated by an increase in heart rate (26%; less than 0.05), and an inotropic effect, shown by an increase in stroke volume index (20%; p less than 0.05) and left ventricular ejection time (12%; p less than 0.05); the cardiac index was increased by 47% (p less than 0.05). Transmural myocardial perfusion (DPTI/SPTI ratio) was decreased by 22% (p less than 0.05) after prenalterol. It is concluded that prenalterol has positive inotropic and chronotropic effects in patients with chronic renal failure, that the improvement in left ventricular performance is at the expense of a decreased transmural myocardial perfusion, and that metoprolol is a specific antidote. PMID- 6628516 TI - Divergent effects of atenolol, practolol and propranolol on the peripheral metabolic changes induced by dynamic exercise in healthy men. AB - A study has been made of the effects of intravenous atenolol, practolol and propranolol on the changes induced by exhaustive dynamic physical exercise in blood pressure, heart rate and blood levels of lactate, glucose, insulin, free fatty acids and potassium. The mean endurance of dynamic exercise was reduced by all three beta-blockers, most markedly by propranolol. After all the beta blockers heart rate showed a similar decrease during the first 60 min of exercise; atenolol caused the smallest reduction at exhaustion. All three beta blockers lowered the systolic blood pressure during exercise; propranolol was the most active agent both during exercise and during recovery. The diastolic pressure was higher during exercise after treatment with the beta-blockers, especially propranolol. The beta-blockers did not markedly affect the elevation of blood lactate induced by exercise. The increase in blood glucose was abolished by atenolol. Plasma insulin was reduced by exercise after beta-blockade, most markedly after propranolol and practolol. All the beta-blockers were equipotent in reducing up to 60 min the exercise-induced increase in plasma free fatty acids, although at exhaustion propranolol had a significantly greater effect than atenolol or practolol. Serum potassium was higher after propranolol and atenolol than after practolol during exercise and recovery. PMID- 6628517 TI - Ketanserin in essential hypertension: effects during rest and exercise. AB - Ketanserin is a new, specific serotonin receptor blocking agent, which causes vasodilatation, presumably by an action on the vascular wall. The antihypertensive response to ketanserin 40 mg twice daily as monotherapy was assessed in 8 patients with essential hypertension. The investigation was an 8 week, double-blind, cross over study, which also included measurements during isometric (handgrip) and dynamic exercise (bicycle ergometry), as well as determination of plasma catecholamines and ketanserin. Ketanserin caused a reduction of supine and standing systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) during rest and a slight bradycardia. Although there was attenuation of the pressor response to handgrip, treatment with ketanserin did not really affect the changes in BP or heart rate during exercise, i.e. the base-line differences remained the same. There was no significant correlation between the effect on BP and the plasma level of ketanserin. The changes in BP produced by ketanserin showed little correlation with the initial levels of plasma catecholamines or with alterations in those levels. Although the results did not indicate direct interference by ketanserin with sympathetic tone, the lack of reflexogenic tachycardia, as well as the lack of increase in plasma noradrenaline during hand grip, indicates at least some modulation of autonomic function. It is concluded that ketanserin lowers BP in essential hypertension without interference with cardiovascular reflexes during standing or exercise, and that the compound may offer an alternative approach in the treatment of hypertension. PMID- 6628518 TI - Effect of acetylsalicylic acid on plasma thromboxane B2 and platelet aggregation in man. AB - The effect of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on plasma thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and platelet aggregation was studied in 12 healthy, non-smoking, male students, in a double-blind, cross-over study, after single doses and 14-days on ASA 50, 100, 250 and 1000 mg/day. Platelet production of TXA2 was assessed by measuring the thromboxane B2 (TXB2) content of clotted venous blood by RIA. Platelet aggregation induced by ADP and adrenaline was studied by the method of Born. All doses of ASA completely suppressed the production of TXB2 within 3 h, with the exception of the 50 mg dose, which effected only 61% suppression (p less than 0.001). After administration for 14 days the suppression was complete, even including the lowest dose. At that time ASA had blocked the secondary phase of adrenaline- and ADP-induced platelet aggregation. It is concluded that the maximal antithromboxane and antiaggregatory effects, which last for at least 24 h, can be achieved by continuous daily administration of ASA 50 mg. PMID- 6628519 TI - Effect of sulpiride isomers on gastric acid and gastrin secretion in healthy man. AB - The effects of the antidopaminergic drug sulpiride on gastric acid secretion and gastrin release have been evaluated in 42 healthy individuals. Basal and submaximal pentagastrin (0.5 micrograms/kg-h)-stimulated gastric acid secretion, as well as basal and meal-induced gastrin secretion, were studied after acute intramuscular administration of racemic sulpiride (100 mg) and its L-(50 mg) D (50 mg) isomers. Racemic and L-sulpiride significantly decreased stimulated serum gastrin concentration, but they did not affect fasting serum gastrin or basal and stimulated gastric acidity. D-sulpiride significantly decreased gastric acid secretion, without affecting serum gastrin levels. While the effects of racemic and L-sulpiride are analogous to those of other antidopaminergic drugs, D sulpiride mimics the action of dopamine, at least at gastric level. These data support the hypothesis that the D-isomer may possess agonist-antagonist activity at dopamine receptors. Since racemic sulpiride has been used with conflicting results in the therapy of patients with peptic ulcer, in the light of the present results it would be of interest to study separately the efficiency of the D- and L-isomers of the drug in healing peptic ulcer. PMID- 6628520 TI - Amitriptyline and ethanol: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction. AB - Amitriptyline has clinically important interactions with ethanol. Five healthy volunteers received 25 mg of amitriptyline orally, preceded by one hour and followed for eight hours by oral ethanol (or juice), dosed to achieve and maintain blood ethanol concentrations of 800 mg/l. In the presence of ethanol, amitriptyline free plasma concentrations were increased by a logarithmic mean of 204%, 186% and 127% at 1.5, 2, and 2.5 h, respectively, and amitriptyline free AUC0-8h was increased by 48% +/- 13% (means +/- SEM) (t = 5.21, p less than 0.01). Nortriptyline total AUC0-8h was increased by 26.6% +/- 12% (means +/- SEM) (t = 2.21, p less than 0.09). At the time of peak amitriptyline plasma concentrations, mean postural sway was increased over baseline by 92% with, and 2% without ethanol; likewise, mean short term memory (word recall) was decreased over baseline by 71% with, and 37% without ethanol. Ethanol increases free amitriptyline plasma concentrations most dramatically during the period of drug absorption; this is due to a decrease in amitriptyline hepatic clearance, resulting in decreased first-pass extraction. Together with the pharmacodynamic interaction, the kinetic changes provide a rationale for the toxicity of this combination and its deleterious effects on psychomotor skills. PMID- 6628522 TI - Bioavailability of metoprolol in young adults and the elderly, with additional studies on the effects of metoclopramide and probanthine. AB - The bioavailability of metoprolol was studied in eight healthy young and seven healthy elderly volunteers. Large interindividual differences in the bioavailability of metoprolol were observed in both groups. However, there was no significant difference in AUC, peak plasma concentration or elimination half-life between young and elderly, but time to peak concentration was significantly longer in the elderly. Pretreatment with metoclopramide had no effect on AUC but caused significant increases in peak concentration and decreases in time to peak concentration in both groups. Probanthine pretreatment (only to the young) resulted in a significant decrease in peak concentration of metoprolol and a significant increase in time to peak concentration but had no effect on the AUC. These results suggest that alterations in gastric emptying and gut motility due to ageing or other drugs have no effect on the overall availability of metoprolol to the systemic circulation but may have significant effects on the time to peak plasma concentration and peak concentration achieved after a single oral dose. PMID- 6628521 TI - The influence of uremia on the accessibility of phosphomycin into interstitial tissue fluid. AB - The entry and persistence of phosphomycin in interstitial tissue fluid (ITF) were studied in 9 patients with normal renal function and 8 patients with varying degrees of renal impairment, all of whom received a single i.v. dose of 30 mg/kg. ITF was obtained from skin blisters produced by suction. The antibiotic followed a two-compartment open kinetic model. In patients with normal renal function, phosphomycin is incorporated rapidly into the ITF reaching a level of 60.4 micrograms/ml 60 min after administration. There was no statistically significant difference between the elimination rates from serum and ITF. The serum half-life of the slow disposition phase was 1.75 h in patients with normal renal function. There was a linear correlation between the elimination half-life of phosphomycin in serum and ITF in subjects with differing degrees of renal impairment. PMID- 6628523 TI - Estimation of the absolute oral bioavailability of pindolol by two analytical methods. AB - The absolute oral bioavailability of pindolol has been estimated by two analytical methods, fluorimetry and GLC-ECD. The study was carried out in six healthy subjects who received either i.v. or oral pindolol in random order. The results obtained by both methods were similar and confirm the high bioavailability (about 75%) of pindolol. The present findings are compared with previous publications and emphasize the importance of undertaking bioavailability studies in the same subjects. PMID- 6628525 TI - On the pharmacokinetics of pengitoxin and its cardioactive derivative 16-acetyl gitoxin. AB - The pharmacokinetics of pengitoxin has been studied in 28 healthy subjects after intravenous and oral administration. The mean plasma concentration 24 h after 0.5 mg i.v. was 5.2 ng X ml-1. Following an open two-compartment model a mean elimination half-life of 60.5 h (24.9 to 103.5 h) and a mean volume of distribution (Vdarea) of 66.91 (31.8 to 109.61) were calculated. Absorption calculated by comparison of the AUC0-infinity-values amounted to 99%. Within 4 days, 16.7% (11.7 to 21.1%) or 27.8% (18.4 to 33.7%) (0.5 mg i.v. or 1.2 mg p.o.) was excreted in urine. After pengitoxin 0.5 mg i.v. total body clearance and renal clearance were 13.3 ml X min-1 (7.0 to 18.6 ml X min-1) and 3.0 ml X min-1 (1.9 to 3.9 ml X min-1) respectively. The elimination half-life of pengitoxin is longer than that of digoxin and distinctly shorter than that of digitoxin, whilst its distribution volume and clearance are closer to those of digitoxin than of digoxin. PMID- 6628524 TI - Urinary excretion of O-methylated catecholamines, tyramine and phenyl-ethylamine by volunteers treated with tranylcypromine and CGP 11305 A. AB - To assess the effect of the new, selective, reversible MAO A inhibitor, CGP 11305 A (4-(5-methoxy-7-bromo-benzofuranyl-2-)piperidine HCl), on MAO A and B activity in man, the daily excretion of total normetanephrine (NMN), metanephrine (MN), 3 methoxytyramine (3-MT) and beta-phenylethylamine (PEA) was measured in the urine of healthy volunteers treated with weekly increasing doses from 40 to 150 mg/d. A similar study was carried out with tranylcypromine in weekly increasing doses from 10 to 25 mg/d. Both compounds increased the excretion of NMN; with CGP 11305 A, a plateau was obtained at 50 mg/d, and tranylcypromine 20 mg was more effective than 10 mg, and was also more active than the highest dose of CGP 11305 A. Increases in MN and 3-MT produced by the latter compound were comparable to that in NMN, whereas tranylcypromine had a biphasic effect on MN excretion, and caused only a small increase in 3-MT excretion. CGP 11305 A up to 150 mg/d did not alter total tyramine excretion, whereas tranylcypromine at 20 mg caused a definite increase. Tranylcypromine led to 4-6 fold increases in PEA output at 20 and 25 mg/d, but not at 10 mg. No such effect could be demonstrated for CGP 11305 A up to 150 mg/d. These results suggest that in man MAO A was inhibited by CGP 11305 A in daily dose of 40 mg or more, whereas it did not affect MAO B at up to 150 mg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6628526 TI - Renal clearance of digoxin in man after sodium loading or furosemide treatment. AB - To evaluate the influence of different types of natriuresis on the renal clearance of digoxin (Cldig) and the Cldig/Clcr ratio, studies were performed in which sodium-depleted patients were placed on a moderately high sodium diet for 6 days. In another group natriuresis was evoked by furosemide. In the first study, in 10 patients, there was a 10-fold increase in Na excretion and a small rise in diuresis (V) and Clcr, which was accompanied by an increase in Cldig from 57.5 +/ 32, and 60.7 +/- 27.3 (duplicate measurements) to 103.9 +/- 55.4 (p less than 0.01) and 103.8 +/- 46.5 ml min-1 (p less than 0.01). Cldig/Clcr rose from 0.60 +/- 0.24 and 0.61 +/- 0.16 to 0.91 +/- 0.31 and 0.91 +/- 0.21, respectively (both p less than 0.005). Serum digoxin concentration declined from 1.24 +/- 0.35 and 1.19 +/- 0.40 to 1.02 +/- 0.35 and 0.97 +/- 0.32 micrograms/l (both p less than 0.01) during the high sodium diet. In the furosemide-induced natriuresis (6 patients), changes in Na excretion and V were a multiple of those caused by Na loading, but the Cldig/Clcr ratio was not increased. The results are in accordance with the concept of digoxin backdiffusion in the proximal tubules, which is dependent on proximal Na reabsorption. In the more distal segments of the nephron, where the action of furosemide occurs, there does not appear to be any transtubular movement of digoxin. PMID- 6628527 TI - Pharmacokinetics of fenclofenac in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Twenty eight children (age range 3-17 years) with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) received fenclofenac 10-25 mg/kg body weight daily on an open basis. Pharmacokinetic analysis was undertaken on plasma fenclofenac levels measured during the first 3 weeks of treatment. The peak concentration after the first dose was achieved in 2-8 h in non-fasting subjects and was linearly related to dose. The plasma level then decayed biexponentially, as in adults, the initial distribution phase extending to about 12 h after dosing. After treatment for 18 days, blood samples were taken during the 96 h following the last dose of the drug to define the steady state elimination profile. The elimination half-life was 25.4 +/- 7.9 h (n = 17) and did not appear to be dependent on the daily dosage. A therapeutic drug concentration of greater than or equal to 100 micrograms/ml emerged from subjective and objective estimates of the response to treatment and measurement of steady state fenclofenac concentration. Treatment response could be more accurately predicted with the aid of drug concentrations than from dosage alone, although the dose and the steady state drug concentration were positively and linearly correlated (r = 0.61, p less than 0.01). Of 16 children receiving doses in excess of 20 mg/kg/day, 3 experienced dose-related adverse effects, increased serum transaminase activity, vertigo and dyspnoea. PMID- 6628528 TI - Plasma and synovial fluid concentrations of diclofenac sodium and its major hydroxylated metabolites during long-term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Plasma and synovial fluid concentrations of diclofenac sodium and its principal hydroxylated metabolites have been measured in sixteen rheumatoid patients on chronic therapy to investigate possible reasons for the drug's extended duration of action despite its apparent short elimination half-life in plasma. Diclofenac was detected in synovial fluid 2 h after dosing but at a lower level than in plasma. Thereafter synovial fluid concentrations remained relatively constant through to 11 h post-dosing whereas plasma levels in the same period declined rapidly from an initially high peak to near the sensitivity limit of the assay. Hydroxylated metabolites (free + conjugated) were rapidly formed with measurable concentrations of the 4' and 5 mono and dihydroxy derivatives being detected in plasma 2 h after dosing; levels of the 3' hydroxy metabolite were negligible at this time. Initially plasma levels of all metabolites were higher than those in synovial fluid but after 4 h synovial fluid levels were equal to or slightly higher than those in plasma. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the drug's overall clinical effect. PMID- 6628529 TI - Pharmacokinetics of cefoxitin during haemofiltration. AB - The pharmacokinetics of cefoxitin was studied in patients with renal impairment during haemofiltration and in the intervening periods after administration of 30 and 15 mg/kg of the drug, respectively. Different pharmacokinetic patterns were established during haemofiltration and in the interim period, with average elimination half-lives of 11.85 +/- 4.3 and 3.41 +/- 0.6 h, respectively. The average fraction of the cefoxitin dose eliminated in haemofiltration was 0.62 +/- 0.11, more than that established in haemodialysis. In patients with terminal renal impairment undergoing haemofiltration every 48 h, a dose of 15 or 30 mg/kg is recommended at the start and at the end of each haemofiltration session. PMID- 6628532 TI - Pharmacokinetics of pindolol in Kenyan Africans. AB - The pharmacokinetics of pindolol was studied in 8 normal Africans following administration of a single oral 10 mg dose. The mean peak concentration was 30.2 +/- 5.0 ng X ml-1, the mean half-life (t1/2) of the elimination phase was 3.4 +/- 1.1 h, and the total body clearance was 628 +/- 13 ml X min-1. The apparent volume of distribution was 3.0 +/- 1.31 X kg-1. The values are the same as those reported in Europeans. PMID- 6628531 TI - Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral dihydrocodeine and its acid metabolites. AB - Serum concentrations of dihydrocodeine and its acid metabolites have been determined in seven human volunteers (6 male) who received the drug orally (30 mg and 60 mg) and intravenously (30 mg) on separate occasions, and in twenty-four patients (12 male) receiving 25 mg or 50 mg of the drug intravenously. The concentrations were estimated by radioimmunoassay on reconstituted extracts from serum after an extraction process which effectively separates dihydrocodeine from its polar acidic metabolites. The intravenous data show that dihydrocodeine kinetics followed a two-compartment distribution model. The concentration curves after oral administration indicated relatively rapid absorption with mean peak concentrations at 1.6 h-1.8 h. The mean half-lives varied between 3.3 h-4.5 h. From the AUC, the mean bioavailability of orally administered drug was 21% (range 12-34%). The peak levels of the acidic metabolites occurred between 1.8 h-2.0 h after oral administration and 2.2 h-2.5 h after i.v. administration, and they were significantly greater after oral administration. The low bioavailability of dihydrocodeine, together with the earlier and higher plasma levels of the acid metabolites after oral administration is suggestive of substantial first-pass metabolism. PMID- 6628530 TI - Displacement of lidocaine from serum alpha 1-acid glycoprotein binding sites by basic drugs. AB - Since little is known of the number and types of binding sites on alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) and because drug-drug protein binding interactions often fail to fit a simple model, a study of the effect of 9 known AAG binding drugs on lidocaine free fraction (LFF) was performed. Serum was obtained from 10 healthy males, pooled and various concentrations (from 0.15 to 1000 micrograms/ml) of amitriptyline, bupivacaine, chlorpromazine, disopyramide, imipramine, meperidine, nortriptyline, propranolol and quinidine were added. LFF was determined by equilibrium dialysis at an initial lidocaine concentration of 2.0 micrograms/ml. LFF increased from 0.30 +/- 0.019 (mean +/- SD) in the absence of displacing agents to maximum values ranging from 0.59 (nortriptyline) to 0.73 (bupivacaine). Plots of LFF vs. the logarithm of displacing drug concentration yielded simple sigmoidal curves in all cases. LFF was increased 50% by an initial bupivacaine concentration of 6.0 micrograms/ml with all other drugs requiring more than 10 micrograms/ml to increase LFF to that extent. Lidocaine binding in a 4.5 g/dl albumin solution was unaffected by concentrations of quinidine, meperidine, nortriptyline and bupivacaine up to 200 micrograms/ml. Addition of AAG to serum reduced LFF as expected. A plot of the reciprocal of bound drug concentration vs. the reciprocal of free drug concentration in the presence and absence of quinidine suggested a competitive binding interaction. These data indicate that the binding interactions between lidocaine and the various displacing compounds are not significantly complicated by cooperative effects and that, with the possible exception of bupivacaine, displacement of lidocaine by any of these drugs is likely to be of clinical significance. PMID- 6628534 TI - Pharmacology of dopamine neurons innervating the prefrontal, cingulate and piriform cortices. AB - The pharmacology of a number of distinct dopamine (DA) systems was studied. Those DA projections possessing autoreceptors (striatum, olfactory tubercle and piriform cortex) exhibited large changes in DA metabolism in response to systemic administration of DA agonists and antagonists. In contrast, in those DA systems which lack autoreceptors (the prefrontal and cingulate cortical innervations) little or no response to DA agonists and a diminished response to DA antagonists was seen. When DA metabolism was inhibited by administration of a MAO inhibitor, reductions in HVA were observed in all brain regions studied. DA turnover appeared faster in the prefrontal and cingulate cortices than in the DA systems possessing autoreceptors. PMID- 6628535 TI - Nociceptive assessment modifies behavioral tolerance without altering brain morphine concentration. AB - The influence of nociceptive assessment on the development of behavioral tolerance and on brain morphine concentration was examined in morphine pellet implanted rats. Tolerance was facilitated by experience with the nociceptive tail flick test procedure, whereas whole brain opiate levels, determined by radioimmunoassay, were not altered by the behavioral tests. Parallel experiments with placebo-implanted rats indicate the significance of environmental context in nociception. These results demonstrate that behavioral manipulations can significantly modify pharmacological effects without altering drug concentration in the brain. PMID- 6628533 TI - Formation of a metabolite of dibromosulfophthalein (DBSP) in man. PMID- 6628536 TI - The effect of opioid drugs on the release of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine from rat striatum following activation of nicotinic-cholinergic receptors. AB - The effect of (Met5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D-Met5)enkephalin, (Leu5)enkephalin, (D Ala2,D-Met5)enkephalin and morphine on the release of [3H]dopamine, endogenous dopamine and [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine produced by the nicotinic-cholinergic agonist, dimethylphenyl piperazinium iodide (DMPP), was examined in rat striatal slices. The DMPP-induced release of [3H]dopamine and endogenous dopamine was reduced by the presence of (Met5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D-Met5)enkephalin (1-10 microM) or morphine (10 microM) but not by (Leu5)enkephalin or (D-Ala2,D Leu5)enkephalin. The DMPP-induced release of [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine was reduced by (Leu5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)enkephalin, (Met5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D Leu5)enkephalin (1-10 microM), and morphine (10 microM). All three opioids failed to alter the release of [3H]dopamine induced by field stimulation or potassium depolarization (30 microM). The inhibitory effects of opioid peptides and morphine demonstrated in the present study appear to be due to an initial interaction with nicotinic-cholinergic receptors in the striatum. PMID- 6628537 TI - Convulxin-induced activation of intact and of thrombin-degranulated rabbit platelets: specific crossed desensitisation with collagen. AB - The aggregation of plasma-free rabbit platelets induced by convulxin (Cx), a glycoprotein extracted from the venom of Crotalus durissus cascavella was accompanied by the secretion of ATP and by the formation of thromboxane A2 (TxA2) and of 'platelet-activating factor' (PAF-acether). Thrombin-induced exhaustion of the pool of releasable ADP, or inactivation of cyclooxygenase with aspirin or with arachidonic acid failed to suppress Cx-induced activation. Electron microscopy studies showed that platelets exposed to Cx could be recovered without damage to the cytoplasmic membrane, whereas dense bodies were depleted. Convulxin treated platelets aggregated in response to ADP, to arachidonic acid and to thrombin, but failed to aggregate in response to Cx itself as well as to collagen. Crossed desensitisation between Cx and collagen was also observed when platelets were exposed to Cx in the presence of prostaglandin E1, which prevented granule depletion, demonstrating that desensitisation was not due to the inability of Cx-treated platelets to secrete ADP in response to collagen. Formation of PAF-acether by thrombin-treated platelets was impaired when thrombin was used as a second stimulus but was maintained when Cx was used as such. The formation of TxA2 by Cx-treated platelets stimulated with arachidonic acid or with thrombin was preserved of only slightly reduced whereas these platelets failed to synthesize TxA2 when stimulated with Cx or with collagen, showing that crossed desensitization between Cx and collagen was not restricted to aggregation, but extended to stimulation of arachidonate metabolism as well. Convulxin is a powerful platelet-stimulating agent which operates through mechanisms which may involve PAF-acether, and which interacts with sites related with those of collagen at an unknown level. PMID- 6628538 TI - Effects of pirenperone and ketanserin on rat prolactin secretion in vivo and in vitro. AB - Pirenperone, which is chemically related to ketanserin, has been reported to be a selective serotonin2 (5-HT2) antagonist and a specific d-LSD antagonist. We now report that pirenperone markedly stimulates prolactin (PRL) secretion in vivo at low doses and blocks the dopamine (DA)-induced inhibition of PRL release from rat pituitary glands in vitro, suggesting it acts as an antagonist at DA2 receptors in the anterior pituitary gland. Ketanserin, also a purported selective 5-HT2 receptor blocker, has no effect on rat PRL secretion in vivo or in vitro, but at high doses, it inhibits the increase in serum PRL levels produced by the two 5-HT agonists, quipazine and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyl-tryptamine (5-MeODMT). It had a weak ability to antagonize the PRL-releasing effect of the 5-HT precursor, 5 hydroxytryptophan. These results suggest that serotonergic stimulation of rat PRL secretion by quipazine and 5-MeODMT may be partially mediated by 5-HT2 receptors. The inability of ketanserin to effectively block the effect of 5-HTP suggests its mechanism of stimulating PRL secretion is more complicated than that of the direct acting agonists. PMID- 6628539 TI - Behavioural effect of adrenalectomy: reversal by glucocorticoids or [D Ala2,Met5]enkephalinamide. AB - Rats adrenalectomized 4-6 d before a 15-min swimming test showed levels of immobility indistinguishable from controls. Retested 24 h later, adrenalectomized rats showed significantly reduced (28%) immobility compared with controls (70%) or hypophysectomized rats (60%), but not hypophysectomized-adrenalectomized rats (41%). The effect of adrenalectomy was reversed by the administration (within 1 h of initial test, but not subsequently) of dexamethasone (6-20 micrograms; 65% immobility) and corticosterone (6 mg; 74%), but not by the mineralocorticoid deoxycorticosterone (6 mg; 33%). [D-Ala2,Met5]enkephalinamide (5-50 micrograms) also restored immobility (66%). We postulate that hormones from both adrenal medulla and cortex are involved in the retention of information post-stress, and that these hormones act directly on the CNS rather than via the pituitary, since the response to adrenalectomy is not dependent on the presence of the pituitary gland. PMID- 6628540 TI - Effects of propranolol on regional myocardial blood flow and function during severe coronary stenosis in dogs. AB - The effects of propranolol alone or associated with atrial pacing were studied on regional myocardial blood flows (RMBF) and regional contractility (sonocardiometry) in non-ischemic, moderately and severely ischemic areas of the canine myocardium. In non-ischemic areas, propranolol reduced both epicardial and endocardial flows, increased the endo/epi ratio and decreased regional contractility. The reductions in subendocardial flow and function were correlated. In moderately and severely ischemic areas, propranolol increased subendocardial flow, reduced subepicardial flow, increased the endo/epi ratio and preserved or even slightly improved regional contractility. There was a good correlation between the propranolol-induced protective effects on regional contractility and the drug-induced increase in subendocardial flow since under atrial pacing subendocardial flow no longer increased and regional function dropped dramatically. PMID- 6628542 TI - Dantrolene sodium: stimulatory and depressant effects on the contractility of guinea-pig uterus in vitro. AB - The effects of dantrolene sodium on the spontaneous and oxytocin-induced contraction of guinea-pig uterus were studied in vitro. Dantrolene reversibly increased the spontaneous contraction frequency of guinea-pig uterus. The effect was not dose-related and was not antagonized by atropine, methysergide or indomethacin. Dantrolene dose dependently and reversibly reduced the contractile responses of guinea-pig uterus to oxytocin. The varying effects of dantrolene on the uterus probably involve inhibition of calcium movement at more than one site of the muscle. PMID- 6628541 TI - Different antagonist potency of saralasin in acute and chronic angiotensin dependent hypertension. AB - We investigated the antagonistic properties of saralasin in acute and chronic angiotension II (ANG II)-dependent hypertension. Two models of experimental hypertension were studied: (a) Rats acutely infused i.v. with ANG II to raise the blood pressure (BP) by about 35 mmHg. (b) One-clip, two-kidney renal hypertensive rats. In both experimental models increasing doses of saralasin were infused i.v., and three parameters were evaluated at each dose level: (1) fall of BP, (2) plasma concentration of saralasin, and (3) plasma concentration of ANG II. It was found that saralasin led to a more pronounced fall of BP in malignant than in benign renal hypertension. To reduce BP by about 20 mmHg, saralasin plasma concentrations had to exceed those of ANG II about 2000-fold in renal hypertension and about 7-fold in rats infused with ANG II. It is concluded that saralasin antagonises ANG II more effectively in acute than in chronic hypertension. PMID- 6628543 TI - Autoradiographic distribution of serotonin2 receptors in rat brain. PMID- 6628544 TI - Different effects of neonatal vinblastine on peripheral and central noradrenaline neurons. AB - The systemic injection of newborn rats of the mitotic inhibitor vinblastine sulfate (0.25 microgram/s.c. 48 h after birth), produces marked and persistent changes in peripheral sympathetic neurons. Approximately half the neuronal population of the superior cervical ganglia was destroyed already at 16 days of age and this was accompanied by a partial but persistent depletion of noradrenaline (NA) from peripheral organs receiving a rich sympathetic nerve supply such as the heart, salivary glands and spleen. After the systemic injection of vinblastine to newborn rats, the content of NA in several brain regions remained unaltered at 45-60 days of age. To overcome the obstacle that the blood-brain barrier could represent to vinblastine penetration into the brain, the compound was injected directly into the brain of rat pups at 2 days of age (0.25-1.0 microgram). When these animals were killed 45-60 days later, no changes were found in the concentration of NA in the cerebral cortex, the spinal cord or the cerebellum but NA levels were increased in the brain stem. Besides producing a partial but persistent peripheral sympathectomy, vinblastine injected either systemically or intracerebrally to newborn rats, provides a useful tool for the analysis of similarities and differences between the ontogenesis of central and peripheral NA neurons. PMID- 6628545 TI - Dipyridamole inhibition of adenosine metabolism in human blood. AB - The effects of dipyridamole on the metabolism of adenosine were studied in human whole blood. The half-life for adenosine disappearance and the formation of deamination and phosphorylation products were determined by adding [3H]adenosine to blood incubating at 37 degrees C. The initial adenosine concentration was 10 nmol/ml blood. Aliquots of blood were removed at specific times following the addition of labelled adenosine. The aliquots were later assayed for adenosine and its products by reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography. The half-life for adenosine in undiluted blood was less than 10 s; therefore, to accurately evaluate the effects of dipyridamole, blood was diluted 1 : 12 in isotonic saline. At this dilution, the half-life for adenosine was 1.3 min. Dipyridamole concentrations of 1 nmol/ml blood caused 90% inhibition of adenosine metabolism. Inhibition was virtually complete, except for plasma deamination, at concentrations greater than 10 nmol/ml blood. Since these inhibitory concentrations of dipyridamole are on the same order as those achieved therapeutically in man, these data indicate that dipyridamole at therapeutic concentrations causes significant inhibition of adenosine metabolism in whole blood. PMID- 6628546 TI - Neurotensin potentiates the potassium-induced release of endogenous dopamine from rat striatal slices. AB - The effects of neurotensin on the release of endogenous dopamine (DA) from rat striatal slices were investigated. DA was extracted by the aluminium adsorption method and assayed electrochemically by high-performance liquid chromatography. Neurotensin (2-100 microM) potentiated the potassium-induced release of striatal endogenous DA in a concentration-dependent manner. This neurotensin-induced release of DA was completely abolished in calcium-free medium containing EGTA 1 mM. The presence of tetrodotoxin 2 microM did not alter the effect of neurotensin 10 microM. On the other hand, neurotensin did not affect the uptake of [3H]DA into the striatal slices. In additional experiments, we confirmed that the KCl induced release of DA in the nucleus accumbens was also potentiated b neurotensin. These results suggest that neurotensin has a direct effect on the central DA nerve terminals and releases DA in a Ca2+-dependent manner. PMID- 6628549 TI - Nucleus tractus solitarii respiratory neurons in the chemoreceptor pathway activated by almitrine. AB - In anaesthetized, paralysed and artificially ventilated dogs, activities were recorded from the phrenic nerve and from respiratory units within the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). The inspiratory neurons were classified according to their discharge pattern and their response to lung inflation. Two categories of cells with an augmenting discharge pattern were detected: the R alpha inspiratory neurons (18 units) inhibited by lung inflation and the R beta cells (10 units) activated by inflation. Prolonged stimulation of peripheral chemoreceptors by almitrine (50 micrograms/kg i.v.) induced an increase in the firing rate of R alpha and R beta inspiratory neurons. In addition almitrine stimulated R beta cells classified as expiratory-inspiratory units. Two expiratory neurons were found in the NTS and the firing rate of these cells was enhanced by almitrine. It is concluded that the NTS respiratory neurons are strongly involved in the chemoreceptor pathway activated by almitrine. PMID- 6628547 TI - Influence of lithium on biochemical manifestations of striatal dopamine target cell supersensitivity induced by prolonged haloperidol treatment. AB - The effects of prolonged treatment with dietary lithium and/or haloperidol (infused by means of osmotic minipumps) on biochemical parameters indicative of striatal dopamine target cell supersensitivity have been investigated in the rat. When given concomitantly with haloperidol, lithium failed to prevent the fall of striatal dopamine metabolites observed 2 days following withdrawal and the tolerance to the elevation of dopamine metabolites in response to challenge with the neuroleptic during withdrawal. Prolonged treatment with lithium also failed to modify the changes in nigral dihydroxyphenylacetic acid levels and in striatal acetylcholine levels which occur under chronic neuroleptic treatment. Chronic dietary lithium alone consistently elevated substance P levels in substantia nigra. The usual decrease in nigral levels of the peptide that occurs in response to chronic treatment with haloperidol was prevented in animals treated concomitantly with lithium. These data suggest that the mechanism whereby lithium stabilizes dopaminergic supersensitivity does not seem to involve an action of the compound on the neuronal mechanisms regulating the activity of the nigro striatal dopaminergic system or on striatal cholinergic neurons but may be related to the restoration of normal striato-nigral substance P ergic transmission. PMID- 6628548 TI - Ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation and the binding of [3H]dihydroalprenolol. AB - Sodium ascorbate addition caused a modest loss in the specific binding of [3H]dihydroalprenolol ([3H]DHA) in a rat cortical membrane preparation. Sodium ascorbate also caused a modest increase in lipid peroxide formation in the membrane preparation. Both the lipid peroxidation and the loss in [3H]DHA binding were greatly potentiated by the addition of low levels of iron (Fe2+). A kinetic analysis indicated that the iron/ascorbate caused a loss in the number of [3H]DHA binding sites but had no effect on the affinity of [3H]DHA for the binding site. Both the lipid peroxidation and the loss of [3H]DHA binding were prevented by iron chelating agents (e.g. EDTA) and by classical inhibitors of lipid peroxidation (e.g. propyl gallate, cobalt chloride). All of these data taken together suggest that an iron-dependent lipid peroxidation results in a loss of [3H]DHA binding sites. These and other data further suggest that lipid is critical for the binding of [3H]DHA to its receptor. PMID- 6628550 TI - Electromechanical coupling in feline basilar artery in response to serotonin. AB - This study was undertaken to define some of the cellular mechanisms of action of serotonin on cerebral vascular muscle. Application of serotonin to cat basilar artery resulted in a dose dependent depolarization and contraction beginning at 10(-8) M. The correlation coefficient relating the degree of force development with the change in membrane potential (Em) was 0.98. Excess K+ depolarized these vascular muscle cells with a slope (between 10 and 100 mM [K]0) of 54 mV/decade. When the muscle cells within this artery were depolarized by only 7 mV by addition of excess K+ there was a significant reduction in force development in response to serotonin. When the membrane was depolarized from -63 to -40 mV the mechanical response to serotonin was reduced by around 50%. Steady state current/voltage curves demonstrated a reduction in input resistance suggesting that serotonin's mechanism of depolarization is not due to a reduction in gk. These data demonstrate that serotonin contracts cat basilar artery through mechanisms involving vascular muscle cell depolarization and that factors which influence the level of Em will markedly effect the contractile response to serotonin. PMID- 6628552 TI - Effect of retinoic acid on cell-cell adhesiveness in cloned BHK21/C13 cells which form piling-up colonies. AB - The effect was studied of retinoic acid (RA) on cell-cell adhesiveness in Ag8-1 cells, which are piling-up colony-forming cells cloned from a Syrian hamster kidney fibroblastic cell line BHK21/C13. From the piled-up part of the colonies grown with RA (10 microM), many cells were dissociated by mere shaking or pipetting. The dissociated cells soon adhered to and spread on plastic surfaces in the presence of RA. The number of cells per colony increased almost at the same rate in the presence or absence of RA. The effect of RA on the appearance of cells dissociable from colonies was noticeable above 0.1 microM, prominent from 1 to 10 microM, greater when added in the earlier stages of colony formation and negligible when added just before the dissociation assay. Single cells from the monolayer culture grown with RA (10 microM) had less tendency to aggregate than did those from the control culture. Cells from the colonies grown with RA adhered to and spread on a plastic dish for bacterial use, but control cells seldom adhered. These results indicate that RA decreases the cell-cell adhesiveness or suppresses the development of it but increases cell-substratum adhesiveness. PMID- 6628551 TI - Effect of Mycoplasma pulmonis infection on protein and glycosaminoglycan synthesis of cultured connective tissue cells. AB - Human synovial cells, fetal skin fibroblasts and rat granulation tissue fibroblasts were experimentally infected with Mycoplasma pulmonis, a species identified as a contamination of cell cultures, and studied for collagen, total protein and glycosaminoglycan synthesis. Hyaluronic acid and sulfated glycosaminoglycan synthesis were stimulated in cultures where the infection reduced cell density, while they were retarded in cultures which had proliferated into higher density than the controls. An extra polypeptide with molecular weight of 20 kD was seen in [35S]methionine-labelled cells. Media of rat granulation tissue cells showed a shift of a 39-42 kD polypeptide to 33-36 kD position in [35S]methionine and [3H]proline labellings. Other minor changes were also noticed. Collagen synthesis or procollagen conversion to collagen were, however, not altered. PMID- 6628553 TI - The G1 distribution of "G1-less" V79 Chinese hamster cells. AB - The V79-8 line of Chinese hamster cells has been reported to lack a measurable G1 phase. However, using a combination of time-lapse cinemicroscopy and [3H]thymidine autoradiography, we have found these cells to have a median G1 duration ranging from 1.4 to 2.6 h in different experiments, accounting for more than 15% of the median cycle time. The youngest cell labelled (in seven experiments) was 0.73 h old at the time of fixation suggesting a minimum G1 of between 0.40 and 0.73 h (the duration of the [3H]thymidine pulse being 0.33 h). In those experiments where steady-state proliferation could be established unequivocally, variability in G1 times accounted for all of the variability in cycle times. In addition, the distribution of G1 times (and cycle times) was well described by the two-transition version of the transition probability model. Nevertheless, changes in the average duration of G1 (and hence changes in the transition probabilities) played a comparatively minor role in determining proliferation rate. Instead, the length of S + G2 was markedly influenced by the composition of the culture medium. For purposes of comparison with the 'G1-less' V79-8 line, we have also examined a revertant derived from it (G1+5c) reported to have regained a substantial G1 phase. We are able to confirm that its G1 is indeed longer, the youngest labelled cell being 2.48 h old at the time of fixation. Unlike the parent line, there appeared to be more variability in G1 times than could be explained by two random transitions alone. The proliferation rate of the G1+5c revertant was unusually sensitive to the composition of the culture medium, suggesting the possibility of a metabolic defect. PMID- 6628554 TI - Specific contact between mating structure membranes observed in conditional fusion-defective Chlamydomonas mutants. AB - Mating interactions between opposite mating type gametes in Chlamydomonas reinhardi can be conditionally manipulated by the use of mutants which control different stages in this process. Two independently isolated, sex-limited mutants (expressed only in mating type (-) (mt-] gam-10 and gam-11, have been shown to display a temperature-sensitive defect in mating. Gametes of these mutants can agglutinate, signal, and participate in a specific contact between their activated mating structures and the mating structures of wild-type mt+ gametes but are unable to fuse at the restrictive temperature. Studies of these mutants have resulted in a clear demonstration of this mating type-specific interaction between activated mating structures in this organism. This contact is trypsin sensitive and therefore appears to involve protein. Both this interaction, and the defect in mating structure fusion, can be further analysed using these mutants. PMID- 6628556 TI - Effect of mitochondrial DNA composition on the cellular properties of interspecific hybrid cells. AB - Four subclones with single species of mitochondria and three subclones with both parental mitochondria were isolated from a mouse-rat hybrid cell line H2. The effects of the coexistence of different species of mitochondria on cellular properties were examined in these clones. Growth properties were studied by comparing the plating efficiencies and doubling times. The numbers of growing colonies and the doubling times of all the subclones were found to be almost the same, indicating that these growth properties were not affected by the presence of both mouse and rat mitochondria within the cells. The correlation between the expression of chloramphenicol (CAP)-resistance and the relative contents of mtDNA of CAP-resistant (CAPr) rat and CAP-sensitive (CAPs) mouse parent cells in the subclones were also examined. The expression of CAP resistance was measured as the relative plating efficiency. Subclones with a high content of mtDNA from CAPr rat parent cells showed high relative plating efficiency. PMID- 6628555 TI - Cytoskeletal proteins in cultured secretory cells from rat pituitary. AB - Cultured cells from female rat pituitaries were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy for the presence of pituitary hormones and for cytoskeletal proteins. The cells attach well to glass coverslips and, when well-dispersed initially, develop networks of branching processes. Their cytoplasm appears granular and shows granular fluorescence when the cells are permeabilized and treated with antisera to pituitary hormones. The cultures contain fibroblasts which are morphologically distinct and much larger than the secretory cells. Consequently, they provide an internal control for cytoskeletal proteins in nonsecretory cells. Fibroblasts have relatively prominent stress fibres. By contrast, the secretory cells have a diffuse cytoplasmic distribution of all cytoskeletal proteins investigated. One cell type, the gonadotrope, which secretes luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, was examined in particular detail. PMID- 6628557 TI - Normal X chromosome induced reversion in the direction of chromosome segregation in mouse-Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids. AB - The effect of a normal mouse X chromosome on the chromosome segregation of mouse Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids was determined by (i) producing hybrids between the mouse sarcoma line CMS4 and a microcell hybrid (mfe4) of the hamster line E36, containing a mouse X chromosome from a normal cell; (ii) isolating hybrids between CMS4 and a 6-thioguanine selected (X minus) mfe4 subpopulation; (iii) comparing the direction of segregation in the two sets of hybrids. It was found that the normal X chromosome, like the X chromosomes from two MCA transformed sarcoma lines reported previously [9], has the ability to switch the chromosome segregation of mouse-Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids. We conclude that the reversal in chromosome segregation is mediated by factors located on the X chromosome. We designate these genetic elements as segregation reversal genes or sr genes. PMID- 6628558 TI - Partial elimination of G1 and G2 periods in higher plant cells by increasing the S period. AB - Meristematic cells from Allium cepa L roots can attain a steady-state of growth at both 15 and 25 degrees C in the presence of drugs, hydroxyurea and 5-amino uracil, which reduce the rate of DNA synthesis. These drugs, at used concentrations, significantly lengthen the S period without altering the cell growth rate, as indicated by the maintenance of the generation time. It has been observed that steady-state populations respond to a gradual increase in S by a reduction of G2 until a minimum value; with larger lengthening of S, both G1 and G2 are reduced. Natural synchronous populations have been used to study cell cycle parameters during transition from the physiological steady-state to the new one created by the presence of the drug. G2 (but not G1) is reduced during transition even in the presence of maximum drug concentrations that do not alter the cell growth rate. Both the S period and the division time are lengthened during transition. These observations support the concept that certain fractions of G1 and G2 are expendable, because they have no role in the DNA-division sequence of cell cycle events. We conclude that cell size regulates the length of these fractions by means of a negative correlation. PMID- 6628559 TI - Relationship between histone phosphorylation and premature chromosome condensation. AB - The relationship between histone phosphorylation and chromosome condensation was investigated by determining changes in phosphorylation levels of histones H1 and H3 following fusion between mitotic and interphase cells and subsequent premature chromosome condensation. We detected significant increases in the levels of phosphorylation of H1 and H3 from interphase chromatin in which a majority of nuclei had undergone premature chromosome condensation. In addition, we noted significant decreases in the phosphate content of the highly phosphorylated mitotic H1 and H3, presumably resulting from phosphatase activity contributed by the interphase component of mitotic/interphase fused cells. These observations further strengthen the correlation between histone phosphorylation and the changes in chromosome condensation associated with the initiation of mitosis. This study also suggests that maintenance of the mitotic chromosomes in a highly condensed state does not require the continued presence of histones in a highly phosphorylated form. PMID- 6628560 TI - The level of nerve growth factor (NGF) as a function of innervation. A correlation radio-immunoassay and bioassay study of the rat iris. AB - A two-site radio-immunoassay for beta NGF demonstrated 5-10 pg of NGF in the normal, adult rat iris. Ciliarectomy or sympathectomy did not significantly alter the amount of NGF after 10 days. However, denervation including all sensory axons (stereotactic lesion distal to the trigeminal ganglion) increased the level to about 100 pg of NGF. Total denervation resulting from homologous transplantation of the iris gave a similar increase after only 2 days. Fibre outgrowth responses evoked by corresponding iris explants in an NGF bioassay supported the results and suggested in addition that sympathetic denervation may cause a moderate transient increase in NGF after 3 days. It seems that sensory nerves in particular influence the level of NGF in a terminal field, either by a high capacity for uptake and removal of NGF or by exerting a negative feed-back on the production or processing of this growth factor. PMID- 6628561 TI - Heterogeneity of the histone-containing chromatin in sea cucumber spermatozoa. Distribution of the basic protein phi 0 and absence of non-histone proteins. AB - Nuclei of spermatozoa of the sea cucumber Holothuria tubulosa contain the five somatic-type histones plus a sperm-specific histone H1 and a unique basic protein phi 0, which is related to H1 in amino acid composition. No proteins of the High Mobility Group (HMG) type have been detected. The structure of this chromatin has been probed nuclease digestion. Its behaviour is anomalous, since two distinct fractions of chromatin are recovered from these spermatozoa, which differ either in the presence or absence of the sperm-specific proteins H1 and phi 0. This heterogeneous distribution is not found in conventional materials, such as calf thymus or chicken erythrocytes. Proteins H1 and phi 0 are not uniformly distributed and may be localized in special regions of chromatin. Fragments containing long stretches of nucleosomes lacking both proteins can be recovered. At the same time, the chromatin fractions which contain these two proteins are shown to be less soluble. When an extensive digestion of chromatin is carried out yielding only nucleosomes and small oligomers, the H1 and phi 0 proteins redistribute themselves on chromatin, the two proteins acting in a cooperative fashion in this process. Cross-linking experiments carried out in whole cells indicate a proximity of phi 0 and H1, whereas no crosslinks have been detected between phi 0 and any of the four nucleosomal histones. The phi 0 protein may thus play a role similar to histone H1 and be only loosely associated with nucleosomal histones, but contribute to the structuration of chromatin during spermiogenesis. PMID- 6628562 TI - The effects of concanavalin A and other agents on protein degradation and migration of non-histone proteins (NHP) to the nucleus in lymphocytes. AB - Concanavalin A (conA) inhibits the degradation of [3H]leucine-labeled cellular proteins of human lymphocytes. The lectin also stimulates the migration of non histone proteins (NHP) from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. The increased nuclear level of NHP is associated with increased cellular binding of [3H]actinomycin D [(3H]AD). Decreased protein breakdown and increased migration of NHP are parallel events, i.e. both changes occur as a function of the lectin concentration and display a similar time course, suggesting that these events could be related. Similar effects are observed with fluoride, chloroquine and iodoacetate: these agents simultaneously decrease proteolysis and increase the nuclear level of NHP, associated with increased cellular [3H]AD binding. Fractionation of the acidic NHP according to pH 2.5-6.5 shows that proteins with a high degree of degradation in unstimulated cells correspond to proteins with a high degree of migration in conA-stimulated cells. A similar correlation was observed in fluoride-treated lymphocytes. conA, fluoride and iodoacetate decrease cellular [3H]chloroquine [(3H]CQ) accumulation, indicating a lysosomotropic effect. These and previously reported data suggest, but do not prove that conA inhibits degradation of cellular proteins via the lysosomal pathway. Ammonium chloride, methylamine and sodium azide also inhibit proteolysis and increase cellular [3H]AD binding; however, their effects are weak. On the basis of these observations it appears that lysosomal degradation and migration of NHP to the nucleus are linked; however, the mechanism of the linkage is unknown. PMID- 6628563 TI - Physiological and mutational protein variations in the ciliary membrane of Paramecium. AB - The proteins in the ciliary membrane of wild-type and mutant Paramecium tetraurelia are examined with SDS and IEF gels. Over 80% of the proteins in the ciliary membrane belong to two groups: the immobilization antigen (I-Ag), which is a 220-280 kD surface protein, and a set of at least four integral proteins slightly over 40 kD (the 40 k), most of which focus near pH 4.0 (the acidic 40 k). Variations of the I-Ag in its apparent molecular weight appear spontaneously in different clones of the same strain and can be triggered by changing the culture temperatures. We discovered that the members of the acidic 40 k family also vary in their relative proportion. Furthermore, the variations in I-Ag and those in acidic 40 k are tightly coupled. The concerted changes suggest a co regulation in the synthesis of these proteins. The ciliary membranes of 20 mutants of 11 complementation groups known for their behavioral and electrophysiological defects are examined. Coupled variations of I-Ag and acidic 40 k among clones, similar to those of the wild type, are seen. Besides the I-Ag and the acidic 40 k, this membrane has over 60 other species of proteins, most of which are invariant. Shifts in the isoelectric points of two of these minor proteins have been correlated with two different mutations, 'fast-2' and 'paranoiac A'. No electrophoretic shifts can be correlated with the 'pawn B' mutation as found by Merkel et al. [35]. PMID- 6628564 TI - Ultrastructural effects of Clostridium difficile toxin B on smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. AB - The mechanism by which Clostridium difficile toxin B causes cells in culture to round was investigated. Cultured human lung fibroblasts and rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells were treated with partially purified or purified toxin B and monitored by light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Both preparations caused progressive cell rounding which correlated with disorganization of actin containing myofilament bundles. Thin myofilaments became fragmented and finally disappeared (after 24 h) and dense bodies became more prominent, while all other organelles appeared unaffected. PMID- 6628565 TI - Declining histone phosphorylation during myogenesis revealed by in vivo and in vitro labeling. AB - To investigate histone phosphate levels during myogenesis, proliferation (d 1), pre-fusion postmitotic (d 2) and myotube (d 3) stage cultured chicken myoblasts were phosphorylated in vivo with [32P]orthophosphate or in vitro by incubating isolated nuclei with 32P-gamma-ATP. Incorporation of radioactive phosphate into histone was assessed by SDS and acid/urea/Triton-X-100 (AUT) gel electrophoresis and radioautography. During proliferation, in vivo labeling with [32P]orthophosphate revealed that all histones except H2b were phosphorylated in the following order of decreasing modification: H1 a greater than H2a greater than H1 b greater than H3 greater than H4. In pre-fusion post-mitotic cells phosphorylation of histones H1 a, H3 and H4 declined, whereas all histones exhibited significantly decreased modification at the myotube stage. It is unlikely that these changes resulted from decreased specific radioactivity of intracellular inorganic phosphate pools, since uptake of [32P]orthophosphate by myotubes increased six-fold, compared with proliferating cells. Isolated nuclei incubated with 32P-gamma-ATP displayed similar decreases during myogenesis; however, 1 a, H1 b and H3 were the only histones modified by in vitro phosphorylation. PMID- 6628566 TI - Synthesis and secretion of proteoglycans by cultured chondrocytes. Effects of monensin, colchicine and beta-D-xyloside. AB - Chondrocytes, isolated from elastic ear cartilage of young rabbits, were grown in monolayer cultures in Ham's F-12 medium. Synthesis and secretion of macromolecules were monitored by labelling with radioactive precursors and the effect of monensin and other experimental agents was investigated. Monensin caused an inhibition of the incorporation of precursors into macromolecular material and a moderate intracellular accumulation when used in higher concentrations. The effect was more pronounced for 35SO4 than for 3H-labelled glucose or proline. p-Nitrophenyl-beta-D-xyloside alleviated this inhibition to some extent, but there was a concomitant increase in the amount of intracellular labelled material. Colchicine and monensin together caused a severe inhibition of the incorporation of 35SO4 and a marked shift of the label to the intracellular compartment. Colchicine also increased the sensitivity of the cells to monensin, lowering the minimal effective concentration about one order of magnitude. The latter results are consistent with the idea that cytoplasmic microtubules have a stabilizing function on the secretory pathways and, that their removal by colchicine, causing a 'randomizing' of the Golgi complex, makes these pathways more vulnerable to monensin. PMID- 6628567 TI - Cytological demonstration of DNA synthesis inhibition at late S by 5-amino uracil. AB - Meristematic cells of Allium cepa were treated with 5-amino-uracil (5-AU) while incorporating 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) into DNA until complete inhibition of mitosis was obtained. The pattern of BrdU substitution in interphase nuclei detected by FPG technique in the cells so treated was that known as corresponding to BrdU incorporation in only early and middle replicating DNA. In addition, when the cells were allowed to reach mitosis in the absence of BrdU after the synchronization induced by 5-AU all the metaphase chromosomes showed, likewise, the typical late-replicating pattern. These results are a cytological demonstration of a preferential inhibition of late-replicating DNA synthesis by 5 AU proposed by several authors. PMID- 6628568 TI - A fucosyl glycoprotein component with sperm receptor and sperm-activating activities from the vitelline coat of Ciona intestinalis eggs. AB - In this paper we describe a mild procedure which results in the extraction of a glycoprotein fraction from the vitelline coat (VC) of Ciona intestinalis while leaving behind the bulk of the VC components. When acting upon the spermatozoa this fraction inhibits sperm binding to the VC and fertilization and elicits sperm activation including the acrosome reaction. SDS-PAGE shows that it contains the same (fucosyl) glycoprotein components previously recognized in the total extracts of VC. It is suggested that this material contains the sperm receptors or those components of the receptors that are essential for their Chinese function. PMID- 6628569 TI - Liposomes inhibit intercellular attachment. AB - Phosphatidylcholine liposomes bound to the surface of L cells inhibit cell attachment to L-cell monolayers or to lipid films. Aggregation of L cells or of mouse embryo fibroblasts is also diminished upon treatment with liposomes. However, they neither inhibit cell attachment to glass or cellulose acetate substrata, nor diminish conA-mediated cell aggregation. It is supposed that liposome-binding sites on the cell surface described earlier are involved in cell cell attachment. PMID- 6628570 TI - Reduced ocular glucose transport and increased non-electrolyte permeability in rats with retinal degeneration (RCS). AB - The transport kinetics across the plasma-ocular barriers of labeled molecules including urea, D-glucose, 3-0-methyl-D-glucose, L-glucose, and sucrose were studied in adult RCS rats and compared to control albino Sprague-Dawleys (SD). Results indicate that substances that passively cross the plasma-aqueous and plasma-vitreous barriers (urea, sucrose, L-glucose) do so more readily in the RCS rat especially via the trans-retinal route. By contrast, D-glucose, which penetrates the ocular barriers of the control rat by a carrier-mediated mechanism was found to cross the ocular barriers of the RCS rat at a reduced rate. Thus, the ocular barriers of the RCS rat with well developed retinal degeneration demonstrate an increase in passive permeability and a reduction in ability to perform their membrane transport function (D-glucose). The permeability defect was more pronounced in the blood-vitreous barrier than in the blood-aqueous barrier. PMID- 6628571 TI - Identification of collagens isolated from bovine Descemet's membrane. AB - In this study collagens were isolated and identified from a morphologically pure preparation of bovine Descemet's membrane (DM) which was obtained by gentle scraping of the cornea, sieving and subsequent treatment with detergents. An alternative procedure of DM isolation with forceps resulted in stromal contamination of the preparation as verified by light and transmission electron microscopy, and gel electrophoresis. The amino acid profile of collagens isolated by pepsinization and salt precipitation from the pure sample was similar to the analysis of the intact bovine DM. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of this collagen under non-reducing conditions resulted in five major bands: 300 000 daltons (300 K), 200 000 daltons (200 K), 100 000 daltons (100 K) and lower molecular weight fractions (50 K1 and 50 K2). Individual collagen chains were isolated from preparative polyacrylamide gels and characterized by 125I two dimensional peptide mapping patterns. This data suggests that (1) the majority of collagen fragments seen in bovine DM pepsin supernatant are derived from a single genetically distinct collagen molecule, and (2) that type I and V collagens are not major components of bovine DM. PMID- 6628572 TI - Taurine binding by rat retinal membranes. AB - Retinal membrane preparations contain endogenous taurine which is difficult to remove. By repeatedly washing the membranes in buffer the taurine content was reduced from 11.7 +/- 2.5 to 2.5 +/- 0.5 nmol/mg protein. However, complete elimination of the endogenous taurine from the membrane preparation was not achieved. Binding of [3H]-taurine to rat retinal membrane preparations revealed both high and low affinity binding sites. A Hill coefficient of 0.71 suggested that cooperativity may be involved in the taurine binding process. Taurine binding was sodium dependent with maximum binding achieved at 118 mM. At suboptimal concentrations of sodium ions (30 mM) only one binding site was observed which appears to be the high affinity binding site. Analogues of taurine were tested for their effectiveness in displacing taurine from its binding site. Hypotaurine, beta-alanine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and guanidinoethanesulfonic acid were the most potent displacers. PMID- 6628573 TI - In vivo O2 consumption in rhesus monkeys in light and dark. AB - The rate of oxygen consumption in retinas in vitro has been measured in a great number of species, but in vitro estimates have varied partly because the rate of O2 uptake depends heavily upon the composition of the buffered solution used to maintain the retina. The in vitro experiments on frog retinas show a greater O2 consumption in dark than in light conditions, and indicate marked differences in metabolism between light and dark conditions. A method was developed to estimate retinal oxygen consumption in vivo. We evaluated the oxygen consumption of the in vivo Rhesus monkey retina with an intraocular oxygen microelectrode. The intact monkey retina consumes more oxygen in darkness than in light. PMID- 6628574 TI - Deposition of immune complexes in the mouse eye. AB - The ocular deposition of circulating immune complexes was studied in mice using passive and active immune complex models. In the passive model, immune complexes were made at different antigen-to-antibody ratios and subsequently injected intravenously. In the active model, antigen alone was injected intravenously into immune mice. Ocular localization was studied by immunofluorescence microscopy. In both experimental models a marked deposition of antigen, antibody and mouse C3 could be observed in the scleral capillary area, whereas a weaker deposition could also be observed in the ciliary body, iris and choroid. With the immune complex doses used, only a short (1-2 hr) ocular deposition was observed and no inflammatory signs were seen upon histological examination. The deposition of complexes in the episcleral capillary area could provide a suitable experimental model to analyse the role of circulating immune complexes in the pathogenesis of scleral phenomena associated with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6628575 TI - Distribution of HMW proteins and crystallins in cataractous lenses from undernourished and well-nourished subjects. AB - This paper presents results of a comparative study of the HMW proteins and crystallins from 9900 g supernatant fraction of cataractous lens homogenate between undernourished and well-nourished subjects. The proportion of HMW protein from cataractous lenses obtained from undernourished subjects was markedly reduced, the proportion of alpha-crystallin was increased and the proportions of beta- and gamma-crystallins were similar as compared to well-nourished subjects. Values of insoluble/soluble protein ratios were significantly higher in the former group compared to the latter. These results suggest that the process of lens protein insolubilization occurs earlier or faster in undernourished subjects. PMID- 6628576 TI - Iris delay, a neglected factor in aqueous humour dynamics. A study in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). AB - A method is described, intended for measuring the rate--over a short period of time--of aqueous humour outflow in non-anaesthetized primates. [125I] and [131I] o-iodohippurates were infused s.c. at an interval into the conscious Cynomolgus monkey so as to give two time-displaced plasma curves. The isotope concentrations were measured in plasma by frequent sampling over the first 1-2 hr and in aqueous humour at the end of the experiment under brief anaesthesia. The coefficient of diffusion (kdiff) between plasma and aqueous, and the coefficient of loss (kout) out of the anterior chamber were calculated by making the usual assumptions about aqueous dynamics. Topical treatment of one eye with timolol consistently reduced kout, as expected, but many control values for kout were lower than expected or (impossibly) negative. Examination of the data reveals a likely source of error emanating from the commonly made assumption that diffusion of marker substance (in our case iodohippurate) from plasma to aqueous humour is proportional to the instantaneous concentration difference between plasma and aqueous. In fact, there may be a delay of several minutes during which the substance negotiates the stroma and anterior boundary layer of the iris. Evidence is presented that variation between and within individual monkeys may stem from the highly variable anatomy of the iris and from changes in sympathetic tone operating on the blood vessels and perhaps the anterior boundary layer. PMID- 6628577 TI - Identification of peanut agglutinin receptors in the monkey retina. PMID- 6628578 TI - Retinitis pigmentosa: a preliminary report on tissue culture studies of retinal pigment epithelial cells from eight affected human eyes. PMID- 6628579 TI - The distribution of the haeme and non-haeme fractions of iron in individual regions of the erythropoietic system of intact and acutely irradiated mice. AB - In male mice of the strain C57BL/10ScSnPh, both intact and X-irradiated with a whole-body sublethal dose, the distribution of the content of total and haeme iron was studied in individual bones, the spleen, liver, plasma and erythrocytes, using an original mineralization and extraction technique. In the erythropoietic organs as a whole and in the individual bones the haeme and non-haeme iron compartments were distinguished, and within these the iron accounted for by circulating plasma and by erythrocytes and erythrocyte precursors. In the radiation-depleted marrow there were quantitative and qualitative changes in the compartments, particularly the creation of an important compartment of non circulating (fixed) erythrocytes. PMID- 6628581 TI - Acute respiratory infections in developing countries. PMID- 6628580 TI - The selective enhancing influence of hemin and products of human erythrocytes on colony formation by human multipotential (CFUGEMM) and erythroid (BFUE) progenitor cells in vitro. AB - The influence of erythrocytes, extracts of erythrocytes and hemin was assessed on colony formation in vitro by human bone marrow multipotential (CFUGEMM), erythroid (BFUE) and granulocyte-macrophage (CFUGM) progenitor cells. Colony formation by CFUGEMM and BFUE present in the low density (less than 1.077 g/cm3) fraction of bone marrow cells was enhanced in the presence of high density (greater than 1.077 g/cm3) bone marrow cells. Erythrocytes, but not leukocytes, present in the high density fraction of cells were responsible for this enhancing effect on colony formation. Extracts of erythrocytes or hemin substituted for the enhancing activity of the intact erythrocytes. This enhancing activity was not apparent on colony formation by bone marrow CFUGM. These results demonstrate a selective enhancing influence on colonies derived from CFUGEMM and BFUE. Erythrocyte products allow the detection of such colonies and may play a role in the growth stimulation of CFUGEMM and BFUE. PMID- 6628582 TI - Review of respiratory infections in a developing country. AB - Two hundred and seventy-one patients were studied, who had been admitted to the University Hospital, Kinshasa between 1975 and May 1979 with pulmonary infections including pulmonary tuberculosis. Patients' ages ranged between 0-66 years (mean 12 years). Major incidence was between 0-5 years: 90 cases (33%) between 0-1 year and 86 cases (32%) between 1-5 years. Only 95 cases (35%) ranged from 5-66 years. Principal treatment was based on pleural drainage combined with medical treatment. In complicated cases, major thoracic surgery was performed. The mortality rate of 44 cases (16%) mainly very young children, demonstrates the severity of respiratory infections in childhood. It is concluded that many cases result from the poor general physical condition of most of these patients. PMID- 6628583 TI - Pulmonary function in severe chronic asthma in children during apparent clinical remission. AB - We have studied PEF, MEFV curves and the response to breathing He/O2 in 10 children (mean age 12 years) with severe steroid dependent asthma during a two year period. Abnormalities of ventilatory function were almost invariably present, with FEV1 and V50, breathing air or He/O2, the commonest indices of abnormality. FEV1 was comparable in sensitivity to V50 in detecting airflow obstruction. Clinical criteria of severity greatly underestimated the degree of functional impairment. The absolute, but not the relative response to inhalation of He/O2 was reduced at 50% VC and 25% VC. Following the inhalation of salbutamol, FEV1 V50 and V25 increased significantly in every case. PMID- 6628585 TI - Comparison of a 750 ml spacer and a nebulizer in domiciliary treatment of severe chronic asthma with terbutaline. AB - Twelve patients with severe chronic obstructive lung disease, participated in this double-blind, cross-over study. Either terbutaline sulphate aerosol or placebo was delivered via a pressurized aerosol with a 750 ml spacer interposed between the actuator and the mouth, or by an electric compressor nebulizer. Each treatment was given for 1 week. The patients recorded PEF and the use of extra terbutaline aerosol while treating themselves at home. All patients completed the treatment periods on terbutaline. Five patients failed to complete the placebo treatment periods because their condition deteriorated. There was no significant difference in bronchodilatation with 5 mg terbutaline using the nebulizer versus 1.5 mg terbutaline using the spacer. We conclude that in the treatment of severe asthma, a pressurized aerosol with a 750 ml spacer can be used either alone, or as a supplement to, treatment with an electric compressor nebulizer. PMID- 6628584 TI - Deep-inspiration induced bronchoconstriction: a mechanism for beclomethasone aerosol intolerance. AB - We studied 17 asthmatic patients complaining of coughing attacks, with or without asthma, when inhaling beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol (Becotide). Specific airway resistance (SRaw) was measured immediately after a maximal inspiration (MI) and after Becotide inhalation. The effect of a second inhalation of Becotide was measured 10 min after inhalation of salbutamol. MI and Becotide induced large, but transient, SRaw increases in all patients; in addition, the latter induced coughing reactions. After salbutamol pretreatment, Becotide inhalation did not increase SRaw but coughing usually persisted. In 6 patients only, the increase in SRaw after Becotide was larger than that observed after MI. In those patients, placebo and Aldecine (similar to Becotide except for the metering valve) aerosols induced SRaw increases similar to that observed after Becotide. These data suggest that Becotide-induced bronchoconstriction is mainly related to the deep breath required for the inhalation. Non-specific irritation of the airways was probably responsible for the additional bronchoconstriction noticed in some patients. PMID- 6628588 TI - Eosinophilic granuloma of the skeleton with involvement of the lung: a report of three cases. AB - Three adult patients with chronic bilateral pulmonary infiltrates due to eosinophilic granuloma are described. The diagnosis was based on histologically proven antecedent or concomitant osseous eosinophilic granuloma in all cases. Electron microscopy was performed in two cases, showing abundant Lx-bodies in both. Pulmonary tissue was obtained in the same two cases, yielding eosinophilic granulomas in one and non-specific septal infiltrates in the other. In the third case the assumption of pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma was made by clinical analogy, thus, avoiding lung biopsy. The course was characterized by lasting benefit from skeletal surgery in all patients and by refractoriness of pulmonary lesions to immunodepressants given to two patients. Progression of pulmonary disease was minimal or none during the observation period of four, three, and three years, respectively. Diffuse pulmonary infiltrates may be a manifestation of a covert osseous eosinophilic granuloma. Skeletal screening by x-ray or scintigraphy should be part of the work-up of otherwise unexplained diffuse lung lesions. It may obviate the need for lung biopsy. PMID- 6628586 TI - Effects of ketotifen on cholinergic induced airway obstruction. AB - By repeated inhalant carbachol provocation tests on 13 normal and 13 asthmatic subjects, we investigated the effect of ketotifen (as compared with placebo) on the cholinergic responsiveness of the airways. In normal subjects, ketotifen reduced the slope of the linear regression lines, calculated from the airway resistance vs. the intra-pulmonary deposited amount of carbachol (reactivity). By adding a single dose of 80 mg of propranolol the bronchial reactivity was increased. Neither placebo nor ketotifen pretreatment altered the response to propranolol. In asthmatic subjects, the reactivity of the airways to carbachol was reduced after 7 days of ketotifen treatment. Propranolol increased the pre challenge airway resistance values, and ketotifen did not reduce this bronchoconstrictive action. We could not observe any influence of ketotifen on the potentiation of the carbachol-induced bronchoconstriction. We conclude that ketotifen on the potentiation of the carbachol-induced bronchoconstriction. We conclude that ketotifen reduces the bronchial reactivity as assessed by carbachol inhalation in normal and in asthmatic subjects. PMID- 6628587 TI - Incidence of lung cancer among iron miners. AB - A study has been performed using 5300 iron miners from Lorraine (France) with ages ranging from 35 to 55 years, who were working, and had a normal chest radiography. 1173 workers were chosen randomly and given the following examinations: questionnaire, clinical examination and function tests (VC, FEV1, residual volume (RV), acetylcholine test, carbon monoxide steady-state test). This group of 1173 was followed for 5 years. 40 died and the exact causes of death were known. 13 had lung cancer, which is more than three times the number expected in the French male population of the same ages. All subjects who died from lung cancer were underground miners and, at the first examination, had a higher incidence of bronchitis and more functional defects than both the 27 who died from other causes and the underground miner group as a whole. The excess mortality due to lung cancer is discussed with regard to noxious agents that were measured (radioactivity, which was rather low, total and respirable dusts, Nox, CO) and with regard to both the work environment and duration of work. PMID- 6628590 TI - Spatio-temporal recoding of rapid eye movement signals in the monkey paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF). AB - The integrity of the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF) is necessary for the generation of rapid eye movements. The main saccade-related population is of the burst type with latencies between 0 and 40 ms preceding a saccade, and they can be divided into medium- and long-lead burst neurons. Burst neurons have predominantly spatially coded movement fields in the rostral PPRF, while in the caudal PPRF they increase their burst strength in temporal coding approximately in the pulling directions of extraocular eye muscles (i.e. almost horizontal or vertical). Both neuronal populations have ipsilateral on-directions and contain long-lead burst neurons. In a quantitative analysis the firing patterns of long lead burst neurons are compared to those of medium-lead burst neurons, which form the predominant output of the saccadic pulse generator to the motoneurons. The firing patterns of temporally coded long-lead bursters are similar to those of medium-lead bursters, except for earlier on-latencies, larger statistical fluctuations, and specializations for small or large saccades in oblique directions. The spatially coded burst neurons form a motor map of saccadic vectors. The diameter of their movement field is often about the size of the saccade vector, and they encode saccadic onset and duration. These results are consistent with a model for visual saccades in eye displacement coordinates, where the spatio-temporal recording of horizontal eye movements is effected by long-lead burst neurons in the PPRF. PMID- 6628589 TI - Neuronal proliferation in the 9-month-old rodent-radioautographic study of granule cells in the hippocampus. AB - Nine-month-old rats were injected with 5 microCi 3H-thymidine (3H-Tdr) and allowed to survive for 20 days. In light-microscopic radioautographs, labeled cells were found in the granule cell layer of the hippocampus. Analysis of electron micrographs of the labeled cells, taken from re-embedded 1.5 micron radioautographic sections, clearly demonstrated their neuronal nature with synapses along their cell bodies and dendrites. Our results indicate that 0.025% of the granule neurons are heavily labeled in the dorsal hippocampus. Electron microscopy of re-embedded light-microscopic radioautographic sections confirms that granule neurons in the rodent are newly formed up until 9 months after birth. PMID- 6628592 TI - A pattern of optic axons in the normal goldfish tectum consistent with the caudal migration of optic terminals during development. AB - Optic axons were cut in the goldfish optic nerve or tectum, filled with horseradish peroxidase and traced in tectal wholemounts. Many of them ran in conspicuous fascicles which curved across the tectum. Axons from central nasal retina, which ran in the most rostral fascicles, turned abruptly as they left these fascicles; ran caudally in a diffuse, parallel array for up to half the tectal length; and passed beneath more caudal fascicles to innervate the caudal half-tectum. Axons from peripheral nasal retina ran in the most caudal fascicles and terminated near their turning-points. Axons from temporal retina entered the tectum at its rostral margin and ran caudally from their points of entry to innervate the rostral half-tectum. The resultant pattern was entirely consistent with the proposal that a slow caudal migration of optic terminals compensates during normal development for disparate modes of retinal and tectal growth. PMID- 6628591 TI - Morphology of posterior canal related secondary vestibular neurons in rabbit and cat. AB - The morphology of secondary vertical vestibular neurons was investigated by injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into cells connected to the posterior canal system in rabbits (lateral-eyed animals) and cats (frontal-eyed animals). Vestibular neurons were identified by stimulation with bipolar electrodes implanted into the ampullae of the anterior and posterior (PC) semicircular canals of pigmented rabbits; in the cat, these cells were identified by natural and electrical stimulation. Axons monosynaptically activated by PC stimulation were injected with HRP in the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF). These were later reconstructed by light microscopy after the brains had been processed with a DAB-CoCl2 method. In the rabbit the majority of the axons bifurcated after crossing the midline with one branch ascending and the other descending in the MLF. The ascending branches gave rise to collaterals that terminated in both the trochlear nucleus and the inferior rectus subdivision of the oculomotor nucleus. In addition some axons also sent collaterals into the paramedian pontine reticular formation, the periaqueductal grey and the interstitial nucleus of Cajal. The descending branches were followed to the caudal part of the medulla in the MLF and gave rise to collaterals terminating in the vestibular nuclei, the medullary reticular formation, the perihypoglossal nuclei, the abducens nucleus, and the facial nucleus. In another cell type axons crossed the midline without giving off any collaterals and proceeded caudally in the caudal MLF. The synaptic effects of the two types of cells were concluded to be excitatory and inhibitory, respectively. Cell bodies of contralaterally projecting neurons were located in either the medial or ventro-lateral vestibular nuclei. In the cat we observed two neuron classes, with contralaterally projecting axons, whose synaptic effects are presumably excitatory. Their cell somata were located in the medial vestibular nucleus. Termination patterns were similar to both the trochlear and oculomotor nuclei, but neither projected to the abducens nucleus. One class of neurons was almost identical to that found in the rabbit with the main axon bifurcating in the MLF. The second type lacked a descending branch in the MLF. Axon collaterals of the latter type crossed the midline within the oculomotor nucleus after terminating in the inferior rectus subdivision to reach a similar portion of the ipsilateral oculomotor nucleus. Collaterals of these axons also terminated bilaterally in the supraoculomotor region between trochlear and oculomotor nucleus, the interstitial nucleus of Cajal and prerubral loci (including the fields of Forel). In similarity to the rabbit, presumed inhibitory vestibular neurons were found with axons directed caudally in the MLF without brain stem collaterals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6628593 TI - The effects of cutaneous mechanoreceptor stimulation on the stretch reflex. AB - The effects of cutaneous stimulation on tonic and phasic responses to stretch were studied in the triceps surae complex of unanesthetized, decerebrate cats. The tonic response was produced by a maintained stretch of the muscle group to 80 85% of its maximum length. Stretch was applied directly to the isolated tendon at the calcaneus. Phasic responses were elicited by a ramp stretch of 1.0 to 2.0 mm superimposed on the maintained stretch. Mild, brief, electrical or mechanical stimulation of the plantar cushion caused a sequence of inhibitory and excitatory changes in the tonic EMG activity in the soleus muscle. Mild stimuli, applied 0.01 to 5 ms before the start of ramp stretch, decreased the size of the phasic response to stretch and converted it into a biphasic response. It is suggested that stimulation of cutaneous mechanoreceptors may be responsible for variations in the initial burst of EMG activity seen in the agonist muscle during the response to perturbation or fast voluntary movement in animals and man. PMID- 6628594 TI - Daily behavioral manipulation increases the total immunoreactive serum neurophysin concentrations irrespective of the duration of water deprivation in rats. AB - The daily training of rats in a two-compartment test box is sufficient to involve an increase in the total immunoreactive serum neurophysin concentrations when compared to totally undisturbed controls. Furthermore, this training is capable of masking the differences in neurophysin concentrations usually seen in unmanipulated rats after different durations of water deprivation. To interpret these high neurophysin levels, we speculatively suggest the existence of hypothalamic compensatory biosynthetic mechanisms which would induce the formation and/or the release of neurophysin pools under stress. Additionally, we propose that some subnuclei of the paraventricular nuclei are the neuroanatomical substratum of these mechanisms. PMID- 6628595 TI - Hippocampal lesions do not alter the partial punishment effect. AB - Rats were trained to run in an alley for food reward. In a 'partial punishment' condition the animals also received occasional footshock in the goalbox; controls received only food reward during training. In a test phase all animals were given both food and footshock in the goalbox on every trial. Previously partially punished animals demonstrated greater persistence in running to the goal during this test phase. This 'partial punishment effect' was unchanged by hippocampectomy whether the experiment was conducted with an inter-trial interval of a few minutes or one of 24 h. The presence of the partial punishment effect in hippocampectomised rats is in sharp contrast with the abolition of the partial reinforcement extinction effect (which is very similar to the partial punishment effect, but based upon nonreward rather than punishment) previously reported after hippocampectomy. PMID- 6628596 TI - The contributions of position, direction, and velocity to single unit activity in the hippocampus of freely-moving rats. AB - Isolated single units in rat dorsal hippocampus and fascia dentata were classified as 'Theta' or 'Complex-Spike' cells, and their firing characteristics were examined with respect to position, direction and velocity of movement during forced choice, food rewarded search behavior on a radial eight arm maze. Most spikes from CS cells occurred when the animal was located within a particular place on the maze and moving in a particular direction. Theta cells had very low spatial selectivity. Both cell categories had discharge probabilities which increased somewhat as a function of running velocity but tended to asymptote well before half-maximal velocity. The place/direction specificity of CS cells was significantly higher in CA1 than in CA3 and CA3 CS cells exhibited a striking preference for the inward radial direction. The pronounced directional selectivity of CS cells, at least in the present environment, suggests that they fire in response to complex, but specific, stimulus features in the extramaze world rather than to absolute place in a non-egocentric space. An alternative possibility is that the geometrical constraints of the maze surface have a profound influence on the shapes of the response fields of CS cells. PMID- 6628597 TI - Differential frequency of P-cells and I-cells in magnocellular and parvocellular laminae of monkey lateral geniculate nucleus. An ultrastructural study. AB - Acute retrograde ultrastructural changes resulting from complete removal of areas 17, 18 and 19 were used to develop criteria for identification of principal or projective neurons (P-cells) and local interneurons (I-cells) in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd) of monkeys. Four and six days after axotomy, marked chromatolytic alterations and diminution of rough endoplasmic reticulum were noted in 89 examined neurons of medium or large size, with rich cytoplasmic matrix, large mitochondria, and exhibiting only postsynaptic sites on the perikarya and dendrites. Seventeen other neurons showing no signs of degeneration had a pale matrix, small dense mitochondria and both postsynaptic and presynaptic sites on their perikarya and dendrites. It was concluded that the former group represented P-cells and the latter was characteristic of I-cells. The morphologic criteria derived from this study were applied to the quantitative analysis of neuronal populations in separate magnocellular and parvocellular laminae. The findings indicate that the latter contain 4.4% of I-cells whereas the former have 15.6% of this neuronal category. The dissimilarity suggests the more preeminent role of I-cells in the magnocellular laminae where they could maintain the transient responses of Y-cells which are known to be the predominant population among the P-cells of these laminae. PMID- 6628598 TI - Physiological identification of static beta axons in primate muscle. AB - Skeletofusimotor (beta) axons exerting a static action on spindle primary endings were identified in the peroneus brevis and tertius muscles of the cynomolgus monkey. In most of the identified static beta motor units, the extrafusal portion was of the fast-contracting fatiguable type. PMID- 6628599 TI - Finger movement versus toe movement-related potentials: further evidence for supplementary motor area (SMA) participation prior to voluntary action. AB - The cerebral potentials associated with voluntary, self-paced rapid flexions of (1) right fingers, (2) left fingers, (3) right toes, and (4) left toes were compared in the same experiment using 32 right- and left-handed subjects. The Bereitschaftspotential (BP) or readiness potential was, in the first half of the foreperiod, bilaterally symmetrical for both finger and toe movements of either side. In the later foreperiod there were differences: Finger movements showed two maxima, an early one at Cz and a late one, which was lateralized toward the contralateral precentral region. With toe movements, the maximum BP amplitude was always at Cz and not lateralized and was twice as large as with finger movements. The data are compatible with the view that two principal sources of different spatial and temporal characteristics are active in the foreperiod of a voluntary movement. The early generator is probably the supplementary motor area (SMA) on the mesial surface of the hemispheres; the later is the primary motor cortex (MI) which is lateralized for finger but not for toe movements. In lateral leads, rather remote from the mesial source, the BP for toe movements showed a small but significant ipsilateral preponderance, which is obviously due to the fact that dipole sources located on the mesial surface of the hemispheres point to the opposite direction as compared to those on the convexity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6628600 TI - Magnetic fields of the human brain (Bereitschaftsmagnetfeld) preceding voluntary foot and toe movements. AB - Voluntary movements are preceded by a slow electrical potential of the brain (Bereitschafts-potential, BP) or readiness potential. The BP is accompanied by a magnetic field shift of similar time characteristics (Bereitschaftsmagnetfeld, BM). The BM preceding volitional right foot or toe movements was recorded from anterior, posterior, and lateral positions of the scalp using a SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device) third-order gradiometer. Controls were implemented to reduce head movements, which were simultaneously recorded with a mechanograph. The results showed that movements of the lower extremities are also preceded by a BM. However, contrary to finger movements, BMs with field lines directed into the head were found predominantly for foot movements and exclusively for toe movements. The BM preceding foot movements was maximum over a position 2 cm left of the vertex, i.e., contralateral to the movement. Two centimeters right of the vertex it was smaller, thus exhibiting a normal contralateral preponderance and not sharing the paradoxical side preponderance of the electrical BP preceding foot or toe movements. The BM preceding toe movements was only apparent at the vertex and was smaller than the one preceding foot movement. This may suggest a source that is located still deeper in the brain than with foot movements. PMID- 6628602 TI - Inhibition and excitation of thoracic spinoreticular neurons by electrical stimulation of vagal afferent nerves. AB - Neurons in spinal segments T1-T3 of cats projecting to the region of the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis were tested for their responses to electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve. The effects of vagal efferent activity were blocked with methylatropine, thereby limiting vagal input to the effects of afferent fibers. Seventeen spinoreticular (SR) neurons were inhibited by vagal stimulation; one was excited; four were both inhibited and excited, and nine were unaffected. Half of the SR neurons were not spontaneously active; they were excited by somatic stimuli for 20- to 30-s periods in order to test for vagal inhibition. Vagal stimuli sometimes were sufficiently potent to completely suppress neuronal discharge during and just after 10-s periods of stimulation. Parameters of stimulus duration and frequency suggest activation of both A delta and C fibers in the vagus nerves. Vagal stimulation could inhibit increased firing from cardiac stimuli, such as coronary artery occlusion and injection of bradykinin into the heart. Two-thirds of the SR neurons so tested responded to bilateral sympathetic stimuli, whereas about one-half had excitatory somatic receptive fields restricted to the left foreleg and upper left side. The other half had bilateral, widespread, and complex somatic fields, including inhibitory responses. Such multiple inputs suggest an integrative role for spinoreticular neurons in sensory processing. Vagal inhibition and excitation of SR neurons probably operates via well known descending inhibitory systems from the nucleus raphe magnus and other medullary centers. The vagi are the only peripheral afferent pathway into this descending system that has been described to date. PMID- 6628601 TI - Spatial summation in the receptive field of simple cells in the cat striate cortex. AB - Spatial summation was studied quantitatively through width response curves made with an optimally oriented test slit of variable width, and by comparing the response to combined presentation of several parallel slits with the response to each slit alone. Prior to summation analysis, the cell's discharge field (DF) was mapped by presenting a test slit ON and OFF across the receptive field. Activation profiles, showing the extension of subregions where light stimulation increased (enhancement) or decreased the firing rate (suppression), were made by presenting an optimally oriented activation slit in the most responsive DF position. Against this activity the effects of a parallel test slit were determined in a series of broadside positions. Width response curves were made over the subregions of the DF and the activation profiles. Spatial summation was found in all cells, but the width of the summation region was smaller than the width of the subregions in the respective profiles. The width of the summation region was related to the degree of activation rather than to specific locations within the receptive field. The effect produced by several slits presented together deviated from the algebraic sum of the effects produced by each slit alone. Linear summation was rarely found. Accumulated response curves obtained by integration of DF or activation profiles were compared with width response curves to test linearity of summation. Linear summation throughout the whole receptive field was never found. A satisfactory fit was found only over a narrow region showing that summation was linear within a small part of the summation region. Linearity ended near response maxima or minima in the response profiles. The results indicate that the receptive field of simple cells consists of overlapping excitatory and inhibitory fields, and that the exact location and width of enhancement and suppression zones are determined by an activity-dependent balance between excitatory and inhibitory inputs. PMID- 6628604 TI - Effect of denervation at birth on the development of skeletal muscle cell types in the rat. AB - In the newborn rat all cells of soleus, extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles stained for fast troponin I. A proportion of the cells, that was much higher in the soleus, also stained for slow troponin I. Fast and slow troponin I were segregated in different cell types in all three muscles 10 to 12 days after birth. No subsequent changes in the distribution of the two forms of troponin I occurred with further growth of EDL and TA muscles. The number of type I cells in soleus steadily increased with increasing age to 24 weeks. Three weeks after denervation at birth, almost all cells in soleus muscle stained for fast troponin I but less than 5% stained significantly dark for slow troponin I. All cells stained for myosin ATPase after alkaline preincubation, but very few after acid preincubation. Three weeks after denervation of EDL and to a lesser extent with TA muscle, fast and slow troponin I were still segregated in different cells. After alkaline preincubation all cells stained equally dark for myosin ATPase but only those positive for slow troponin I stained for myosin ATPase after acid preincubation. PMID- 6628603 TI - Spinal fluid formation and glucose influx in normal and experimental hydrocephalic rats. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) turnover and glucose influx were measured in normal and kaolin-induced hydrocephalic rats. The CSF formation rate of normal rats was 2.8 microliter/min and after intracisternal kaolin it was reduced to 1.8 microliter/min. The CSF-serum glucose concentration ratio of normal rats was 0.57 and was reduced to 0.47 in hydrocephalic rats. The reduction was associated with a decrease in the net influx of glucose measured in hydrocephalic rats. The fraction of serum glucose transported from blood to CSF in normal and hydrocephalic rats decreased as serum glucose increased above 200 mg/dl. At all serum glucose concentrations studied, the influx of glucose in normal rats was always 2.6 times greater than that in hydrocephalic rats. These results suggest that because the glucose transport mechanism of both groups of rats is only quantitatively different, the number of sites available for glucose transport from blood to CSF is reduced in hydrocephalic rats. PMID- 6628605 TI - Does pyruvate prevent acrylamide neurotoxicity? Implications for disease pathogenesis. AB - We used the prototype environmental neurotoxin, acrylamide monomer, to evaluate the hypothesis that neurotoxin-induced nerve fiber degeneration results from inactivation of axonal glycolytic enzymes. Treating intoxicated rats with sodium pyruvate, we hypothesized, would bypass the putative neurotoxin-induced blockade in glycolysis, thus ameliorating neurobehavioral and morphologic measures of neurotoxicity. After establishing that pyruvate itself did not affect behavior, we examined its effects on acrylamide-intoxicated animals. Pyruvate treatment had a significant effect on only one of eight neurobehavioral measures, though others showed similar trends. A morphologic observation of lumbar dorsal root ganglion cell bodies and peripheral nerves failed to show an effect of pyruvate. Those results suggested that inactivation of glycolytic enzymes alone is not a sufficient explanation of pathogenesis. PMID- 6628606 TI - Biphasic effect of estradiol and domperidone on lingual dyskinesia in monkeys. AB - In previous work, we demonstrated in animals and humans an antidopaminergic effect of estradiol at the level of the striatum. In the present study, we tested the effect of a large dose of estradiol (0.5 mg s.c.) administered either acutely or during several days in four female ovariectomized monkeys, displaying a persistent buccolingual dyskinesia due primarily to a midbrain lesion, but which is markedly enhanced by dopaminergic agonists. One of the monkeys also displayed a lesion-induced parkinsonian-like tremor of the opposite limbs. Chronic administration of estradiol markedly reduced the apomorphine-induced potentiation of the dyskinesia but did not affect the tremor. A single dose of estradiol was followed after 24 h by a 75% reduction of the effect of apomorphine on the dyskinesia but a 50% increase in the response to apomorphine was seen after 2 weeks. The response was at the control level after 30 days. Domperidone, a peripheral dopamine agonist that does not cross the blood-brain barrier and which causes an elevation of prolactin similar to that seen after estradiol, is followed by a similar biphasic modification of the response to apomorphine. Our results suggest that estradiol may have opposite effects on the sensitivity of the striatal dopamine receptors and therefore on dyskinesia, depending on the time of observation. An elevation of prolactin appears to have similar effects. Moreover, some effects of these hormones may be delayed by several days to weeks in primates. PMID- 6628608 TI - Learning deficits after lesions of dentate gyrus granule cells. AB - The effect of destroying granule cells in the dentate gyrus on learning was examined with a behavioral testing protocol. These neurons were destroyed by microinjections of the selective neurotoxin colchicine in the hippocampal formation of rats. After a 30-day recovery period, the animals were trained in an operant chamber with an appetitive conditioning paradigm. The learning abilities of the animals with lesions were compared with two control groups--naive, unoperated rats and those with control injections of saline. The basic task required the animal to discriminate between two spatially separate visual stimuli which represented positive and negative cues. Testing and training was separated into four progressively more difficult phases with various stimulus schedules, contingencies of reinforcement, and stimulus positions. Colchicine-treated animals demonstrated significantly poorer performance than naive animals and those receiving saline control injections. None of the colchicine-treated animals achieved criterion performance in the stimulus position reversal paradigm, and half had difficulty with variable ratio schedules of reinforcement. Our experiments suggested that granule cells in the dentate gyrus played a pivotal role in certain learning tasks. PMID- 6628607 TI - Steroid suppression of axon sprouting in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of the adult rat: dose-response relationship. AB - Various doses of adrenal steroids were given to adult male rats for 8 days following unilateral ablation of the entorhinal cortex in order to test their effects on axon sprouting. Seven days after termination of the steroid treatment the brains were analyzed for changes in the outgrowth of the commissural associational fiber plexus in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Analysis of the data revealed a dose-dependent suppression of the reactive fiber growth in this region of the hippocampus. Deoxycorticosterone had no suppressive effect, indicating that suppression was not related to mineralocorticoid properties. On the other hand dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid devoid of mineralocorticoid properties, had a maximal effect. These results suggest that glucocorticoids and their anti-inflammatory effects may have a significant influence on the response of the nervous system to damage. PMID- 6628609 TI - Effects of pH on membrane resistance in normal and dystrophic mouse skeletal muscle fibers. AB - Membrane cable properties of skeletal muscle fibers of dystrophic mice (Rej-129) and their littermate controls were examined using a conventional two microelectrode recording technique. Fibers from dystrophic mice had a decreased membrane resistivity (Rm) compared with those from normal mice (517 +/- 27 vs 642 +/- 34 omega - cm2), while the internal resistivities (Ri) did not differ significantly. The increase in membrane specific conductance was due to an increased Cl- conductance (gCl) (2304 vs 1346 microseconds/cm2 for normal fibers), although the K+ conductance (gK) was actually decreased (234 vs 369 microseconds/cm2 for normal fibers). With changes in pH, membrane conductances of normal and dystrophic skeletal muscle fibers varied differently, mainly due to differences in effects on the Cl- conductance. This contrast may be due to altered regulation of internal pH in dystrophic muscle. PMID- 6628610 TI - Effects of accumulation of phosphocreatine on utilization and restoration of high energy phosphates during anoxia and recovery in thin hippocampal slices from the guinea pig. AB - Effects of accumulation of phosphocreatine (P-creatine) on utilization and restoration of high-energy phosphates during anoxia and recovery were studied using thin hippocampal slices from the guinea pig. Incubation of slices with creatine (5 to 30 mM) increased the content of tissue P-creatine, in a linear fashion, and these increases depended on the concentration of creatine and the incubation period to as long as 3 h. Concentration of ATP in the slices was not altered. A high concentration of tissue P-creatine (40 to 100 mmol/kg protein) accumulated by incubation with creatine reduced the rate of ATP exhaustion during anoxia whereas P-creatine itself was rapidly decreased. During reoxygenation after anoxia, concentrations of ATP and P-creatine rapidly recovered in slices preincubated with creatine. Concentrations of P-creatine previously exhausted during anoxia increased to 100 mmol/kg protein after 25 min of reoxygenation whereas the concentration was 35 mmol/kg in the control slice. Elevation of the concentration of P-creatine may therefore prolong the survival time of brain tissue during anoxia and facilitate recovery during reoxygenation. PMID- 6628611 TI - Generalized seizures alter the cerebral and peripheral metabolism of essential metals in mice. AB - The effects of seizures on the cerebral and peripheral metabolism of essential metals were studied in mice. Acute and chronic seizures were produced either by electroshock (ES) or by a systemic convulsant. Organ and subcellular distribution of 54Mn and 65Zn were determined prior to and at different intervals after seizure cessation. In mice shocked for 21 days, the concentrations of manganese, zinc, magnesium, and copper were determined in selected tissues. Sham-seizured mice served as controls. When 54Mn was injected after a single ES, the isotope's retention increased in the liver by 67% (P less than 0.01) and decreased in the brain and carcass by 53 and 42%, respectively (P less than 0.01). Repeated ES further augmented these effects (P less than 0.01). These changes diminished as a function of time to the animal's recovery from ES. Liver and regional brain fractionations revealed significant perturbation in the intercellular partition of 54Mn, suggesting increased metal utilization. Brain and liver 65Zn were not affected by ES. Manganese content increased in the liver by 67% (P less than 0.01) and decreased in whole brain by 16.5% (P less than 0.01), after chronic ES. Cortical manganese and hypothalamic magnesium were the principal sites of loss. Small (12 to 13%), but significant elevations of magnesium were found in liver and skeletal muscle (P less than 0.05). Copper increased in muscle by 26% (P less than 0.02). Seizures selectively altered the normal brain and extracerebral distribution of essential metals which may lead to regional metal deficiency or excess. These changes were linked to the metabolic consequences of convulsive activity and may be relevant to seizure control and electroshock therapy in man. PMID- 6628612 TI - Hippocampal lesions render SJL/J mice susceptible to audiogenic seizures. PMID- 6628613 TI - Effect of early undernutrition on reactivity of the rat parietal association area. AB - Cortical reactivity of parietal association area was studied in normal and undernourished rats. (i) The normal group was from mothers which were fed a 21.5% protein diet during lactation. (ii) The undernourished group was from mothers which were fed a 6.5% protein diet during the same period. At 21 days of age (weaning age) all animals received the same diet as that fed to the normal group. At 45 days of age, cortical chronaxie and fatigability of direct cortical responses were evaluated. The results showed that postnatal malnutrition induced alterations on cortical reactivity of that area. PMID- 6628614 TI - Rotational behavior in the cat induced by electrical stimulation of the pulvinar lateralis posterior nucleus complex: role of the cholinergic system. AB - We studied the involvement of the cholinergic system in the contralateral head eye-body turning induced in the cat through stimulation of the pulvinar-lateralis posterior nucleus complex (P-LP). In 17 cats through a cannula aimed at the P-LP, agonists and antagonists of the cholinergic system were injected. The electrical activity of the P-LP could be recorded through the same cannula or through electrodes attached to it. In addition, electrodes were implanted ipsilaterally in the dorsal hippocampus, caudate nucleus, amygdala, and superior colliculus to record through them and through one screw placed on the skull the electrical activity of those structures and of the cortical P-LP projection. Seven days after surgery, carbachol, an agonist of the cholinergic system was injected in the P-LP, and the behavior and electrical activity of the unrestrained cat (previously accustomed to a plastic cage) were recorded. A control volume of 0.9% NaCl was always injected previously. The usual drug volume injected was 1 microliter; occasionally, 2 microliter were injected. Weekly or biweekly sessions were conducted to determine (a) the threshold for cholinergic activation, (b) the threshold for turning behavior, (c) the blocking effect of local atropine sulfate injected previously, (d) the effect of haloperidol previously injected (locally or systemically), and (e) the effect of dioxolane, an exclusive muscarinic agonist. In 14 of 17 cats, contralateral turning behavior was evoked by carbachol. In two of the three cats that did not respond to carbachol, dioxolane induced turning. The effect of dioxolane was similar to that of carbachol when tried in five cats. Besides turning behavior, carbachol produced numerous symptoms due to cholinergic activation. Atropine blocked the rotational effect of carbachol in all cats, and haloperidol blocked it in 68% of them. Electrolytic coagulation of the dorsal hippocampus surrounding the P-LP did not disturb the effects induced by carbachol. These experiments show that both systems of the P LP, cholinergic and catecholaminergic, are involved in the contralateral turning. We conclude that the effect induced by carbachol is due to activation of muscarinic receptors because it is totally blocked by local atropine sulfate and is reproduced by dioxolane, an exclusive muscarinic agonist. PMID- 6628615 TI - Altered brain copper and zinc content in quaking mice. AB - Brain copper and zinc levels were determined in 21-day-old and "adult" C3HeB/FeJ quaking mice and in normal littermate controls. Expressed per gram dry weight of brain, copper was increased 84% over normal mice at 21 days after birth, but was not significantly different from normal in the adults. Zinc was increased 23 to 24% at both ages. At both ages, brains from quaking mice had a significantly reduced content of solids, indicating increased water content in the mutant brain. Our study is the first to report copper and zinc content as a measure of both wet and dry brain weights. Our results indicate abnormal copper content in the quaking mutant. The relationship between copper content and other aspects of the quaking phenotype, including its seizure behavior and myelin deficit, remain to be established. PMID- 6628616 TI - Absence of hind limb tactile placing in spinal cats and kittens. AB - Tactile placing and associated responses of the fore and hind paws to a light tactile stimulus were studied in normal young-adult cats and kittens and their spinal littermates. All spinal transections were performed at T12 on the 14th postnatal day. In the first study, responses of normal and spinal young-adult cats were compared at 9 to 10 months of age. Frequency of forelimb tactile placing (FL-TP) was similar for both groups, but hind limb tactile placing (HL TP), seldom elicited in the normal cats, was never elicited in the spinal cats. Due to the absence of HL-TP in the spinal young-adult cats, a second study was conducted. Kittens, 1 to 62 days of age, were tested to determine if tactile placing was present prior to supraspinal maturation. The initial withdrawal response to the light tactile stimulus was equally developed in forelimbs and hind limbs at birth. In normal kittens, development of FL-TP preceded that of HL TP by 2 weeks. During the first week after transection, forelimb responses of spinal kittens were more frequent than those of their normal littermates, suggesting an enhancement of motor responses proximal to the lesion, the difference decreasing thereafter. Frequency of hind limb withdrawal was not immediately altered after transection, and airstepping was easily triggered within 48 h after cordotomy. During tactile-triggered airstepping, the hind paw occasionally contacted the placing surface, but HL-TP was not observed in spinal kittens during the testing period. The absence of HL-TP in all spinal cats tested suggests that tactile placing is not a spinal reflex. PMID- 6628617 TI - Experimentally induced susceptibility to audiogenic seizure. AB - By injecting metal ions and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, we made the normal mouse prone to sound-induced epilepsy. We showed that the levels of glutamate and aspartate in its inferior colliculus were elevated and the concentration of gamma aminobutyrate was lowered. The time course of audiogenic susceptibility after the treatment was closely mirrored by changes in the concentrations of glutamate, aspartate, and gamma-aminobutyrate in the inferior colliculus. PMID- 6628618 TI - Electromyogram premotion silent period and tension development in human muscle. AB - The EMG silent period has been observed frequently just before rapid movement from a slightly sustained contraction of the muscle. Our experiments were designed to show the relation between the tension developed in an intact human muscle and the occurrence of this silent period. Tension in the knee extensor was obtained from the floor reaction force of a living subject in a squatting position on the basis of a lever ratio-joint angle diagram obtained directly from measurements on an isolated knee extensor muscle of a human cadaver. The muscle tension was calculated under the condition that the floor reaction force in the squatting position passed through the anklebone, and decreased from 8.7 to 0.8 kN with an increase in the knee joint angle from 1.13 to 2.74 rad. When the center of pressure was not assumed, the increased knee extensor muscle torque with a decrease in the knee angle was estimated biomechanically from the free body diagram. Consistently, the EMG recordings confirmed an increased muscle activity with a reduction in the joint angle. The premotion silent period for the knee extensors and their antagonist with movement from the squatting position appeared to be limited to a knee joint angle of 2.44 to 3.07 rad, where the requirement for tension in those muscles was low. This silent period could be interpreted as an electromyographic transitional phase attributable to a switching mechanism in central nervous activity. The premotion silent period was most likely to appear prior to a swift, well coordinated movement. PMID- 6628619 TI - Dynamic pupillary response controlled by the pupil size effect. AB - Pupillary escape has been described as an initial contraction followed by a slow redilatation, occurring in response to a step stimulus of low-intensity light. When the initial pupil size is small, the response to the same step stimulus is pupillary capture, a steady and sustained contraction. In this experiment a comparison was made between three modes of controlling pupil size and thereby of regulating the pupillary response: contralateral light background level, ipsilateral light background level, and accommodative level with which there is no change in retinal adaptation. All three level setting modes showed similar results in illustrating the pupil size effect. In addition, an inhibitory effect was found with both ipsilateral and contralateral light backgrounds that is independent of Weber's Law in the contralateral case. Our results lead to the formulation of a binocular model, featuring an internal parameter control whereby a signal dependent on the static pupil size regulates the gains of the parallel phasic and tonic pathways, the former responsive to transient changes of light, and the latter to background levels of light and accommodative levels. Our findings also raise interesting questions concerning the loci of these complex interactions in the simple neuroanatomy of the pupillary pathways. PMID- 6628620 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid pressure during cerebroventricular infusion of angiotensin and vasopressin. AB - Rationale exists for suspecting that angiotensin (Ang) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) given by the intracerebroventricular (IVT) route can affect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure. This hypothesis was tested in conscious, unrestrained adult male Sprague-Dawley rats with IVT and left carotid arterial catheters. The rats were infused (IVT) for 30 min with artificial CSF followed by 30 additional minutes with CSF, Ang, (0.6 micrograms/h) AVP (5 or 50 ng/h), or AVP (5 or 50 ng/h) + Ang, (0.6 micrograms/h). Angiotensin evoked a central hypertensive effect (+ 16 mm Hg) and increased CSF pressure from 10 to 16 cm H2O (P less than 0.05). Neither dose of AVP affected blood or CSF pressures. The AVP (5 ng/h) prevented Ang-induced changes in blood and CSF pressures and AVP (50 ng/h) blocked only the Ang-induced rise in CSF pressure. These results raise the possibility that angiotensin and vasopressin participate in the regulation of CSF pressure. PMID- 6628621 TI - Distal reduction of the conduction velocity of alpha-axons in tullidora (buckthorn) neuropathy. AB - Cats were given a single oral dose of ether extracts of the tullidora (Karwinskia humboldtiana) fruit. Three to five weeks later these animals developed the tullidora (buckthorn) neuropathy. Acute experiments were conducted in control cats as well as in treated cats which showed hind limb paralysis. Spinal motoneurons of the medial gastrocnemious and the soleus nerves were recorded intracellularly and their axons were electrically stimulated at two points, near the entry to the muscle and at the hip level. The conduction velocity was determined for the segment between the two stimulating electrodes [distal conduction velocity; (DCV)] and for the segment between the electrode at the hip level and the spinal cord [proximal conduction velocity (PCV)]. In untreated animals, DCV was higher than PCV so that the ratio DCV:PCV was, on the average, larger than 1. In treated animals, DCV was reduced, but PCV remained within normal limits and DCV:PCV was lower than 1. In addition, there was a relative deficit of the faster velocities suggesting that the thicker fibers were preferentially affected. These observations are in agreement with previous ones indicating that demyelination induced by tullidora is restricted to distal nerve segments. PMID- 6628622 TI - Contractile properties of rat fast-twitch skeletal muscle during reinnervation: effects of testosterone and castration. AB - The isometric contractile properties of skeletal muscle were examined after nerve crush to establish the temporal sequence of recovery during reinnervation of normal, castrated, and testosterone-treated rats. Extensor digitorum longus muscles of male rats were studied in vivo 8 to 21 days after crushing the peroneal nerve 1 cm from the muscle. The earliest signs of functional reinnervation in normal animals were observed 8 to 9 days after nerve crush when faint muscle twitches with markedly prolonged twitch contraction times were recorded. By days 10 and 11, twitch tension was 9 to 20% of control, twitch contraction time was 149 to 183% of control, and tetanic tension was 4 to 9% of control values. The optimal frequency of stimulation was 58 to 64 Hz, the twitch:tetanus ratio was three times control values, and little or no posttetanic potentiation of twitch tension was observed. During the next 9 days there was a gradual return of all experimentally measured contractile properties toward control values; the relative rate of return was twitch tension greater than twitch contraction time greater than twitch:tetanus ratio greater than tetanic tension greater than optimal frequency of stimulation greater than posttetanic potentiation. Neither testosterone nor castration significantly altered either the rate or extent of functional reinnervation 8 to 21 days after nerve crush (P greater than 0.05). During this period the twitch:tetanus ratio for any given animal was highly correlated (r = 0.83, P less than 0.001) with the extent of functional recovery of neurally evoked muscle tension and was determined to be the most reliable index of the degree of muscle reinnervation. These data provide valuable baseline information for future studies of reinnervation of skeletal muscle. PMID- 6628623 TI - Reinnervation is followed by necrosis in previously denervated skeletal muscles of dystrophic hamsters. AB - Hind leg muscles of dystrophic hamsters were continually denervated by multiple crushes of the sciatic nerve to as long as 93 days of age. In these muscles, the prevalence of centronucleated fibers which is a cumulative index of prior necrosis, remained very low. In control dystrophic muscles the prevalence of centronucleated fibers increased steadily to approximately 80% where it leveled off. By omitting further crushes in other groups of animals, previously denervated muscles became adequately reinnervated. In the reinnervated muscles the prevalence of centronucleated fibers steadily increased throughout the necrotic phase of dystrophy at a rate that was comparable to corresponding stages of the natural history of the disease. These experiments indicated that continued denervation was effective in negating skeletal muscle fiber necrosis throughout the necrotic phase and that the electromechanical activity of muscle fibers which allows muscle fiber necrosis was not a time-locked factor. PMID- 6628624 TI - Topographic organization of septal cells innervating the dorsal hippocampal formation of the rat: special reference to both the CA1 and dentate theta generators. AB - We determined the topographic organization of septal cells innervating monosynaptically the two generators of theta rhythm of the rostral hippocampal formation of the rat. Under ether anesthesia, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into the dorsal CA 1 region close to the corpus callosum, the ventral part of CA 1 region close to the hippocampal fissure, and the dentate hilus. The HRP micropipet tip was positioned in these hippocampal-dentate sites by recording the hippocampal EEG through the micropipet itself before HRP injection. The major findings were: (i) Injection of HRP in the superficial part of the dorsal CA 1 region (i.e., the septal pole) resulted in labeling of neurons situated mainly in the diagonal band of Broca, ipsilateral to the injection site. (ii) Injection of HRP in the deep part of the dorsal CA 1 region resulted in the labeling of a few cells scattered in the septal region ipsilateral to the injection site. (iii) After injection of HRP in the dentate hilus, labeled cells were selectively detected in the rostral half of the medial septal nucleus mainly ipsilateral to the injection site. A high degree of organization was revealed in the connections between the septal region and the rostral hippocampal formation of the rat, two cerebral regions critically involved in theta production. The results are relevant to the two-generator hypothesis of theta. PMID- 6628625 TI - Sympathetic sprouting and recovery of a spatial behavior. AB - After lesions of the medial septum, peripheral sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion appear in the hippocampal formation. To assess the functional significance of this neuronal rearrangement, we analyzed behavior on a spatial/memory task sensitive to hippocampal dysfunction, the radial eight-arm maze. The procedure allowed evaluation of both working and reference memory. All rats were able to master the task. Half of the rats then underwent either medial septal lesions and ganglionectomy or sham neurosurgery and ganglionectomy, and the other half underwent medial septal lesions or sham neurosurgery followed by ganglionectomy after further behavioral testing. Medial septal lesions in both groups disrupted taks performance with recovery of performance occurring with time. However, the rate of recovery was significantly enhanced in rats which had septal lesions and ganglionectomies simultaneously. Removal of the ganglion after recovery produced no effects on maze performance. Our results suggest that sympathetic ingrowth retards recovery processes. PMID- 6628626 TI - Differential effects of lysergic acid diethylamide, methysergide, and cyproheptadine on modality-specific and nonspecific sensory evoked potentials. AB - The effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), methysergide, and cyproheptadine on activity in classical primary pathways of the visual and somatosensory systems were compared with their effects on activity in sensory convergent (association) regions in alpha-chloralose-anesthetized cats. Those effects were blocked by cyproheptadine whereas methysergide potentiated the actions of LSD on visual primary activity. In contrast, LSD depressed the primary somatic pathway, at small doses (25 to 50 micrograms/kg) and facilitated the response at larger doses (200 micrograms/kg). Cyproheptadine and methysergide did not agonize these actions of LSD. The anterior marginal cortex, nucleus central median parafascicularis, nucleus lateral posterior, and the superior colliculus, all sites of heterosensory convergence, were depressed by LSD. The depression of responses at heterosensory sites by LSD was blocked by cyproheptadine. Methysergide potentiated the LSD-induced depression of visual-evoked activity but not somatosensory activity. These results suggest that LSD depresses sensory activity in regions which integrate multiple sensory modalities independently of actions on sensory-specific pathways. These effects appear to involve a cyproheptadine-sensitive system. PMID- 6628627 TI - Electrophysiologic differences between mouse extensor digitorum longus and soleus. AB - Miniature end-plate potentials (MEPPs) and indirectly elicited action potentials were recorded in vivo at 37 degrees C from surface fibers of the fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and the slow-twitch soleus (SOL) muscles of 3- to 4-month-old Bar Harbor 129 mice. The EDL MEPPs exhibited a significantly higher frequency, smaller amplitude, and shorter duration than the MEPPs of the SOL. Action potentials of EDL fibers exhibited a significantly greater amplitude and shorter duration than SOL fibers. A single stimulus elicited several action potentials from an EDL fiber but only one action potential from a SOL fiber. Fast and slow-twitch muscle fibers can thus be identified and distinguished on the basis of these electrophysiologic parameters. There was no significant difference in resting membrane potentials between EDL and SOL fibers. PMID- 6628628 TI - Quantitative analysis of the lateral geniculate nucleus in the mutant microphthalmic rat. AB - A quantitative analysis of the lateral geniculate nucleus was carried out in the mutant microphthalmic rat. In the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd) of the microphthalmic rat we found the total volume and neuronal population were reduced by 45 and 68% of normal values, respectively. The size of normal LGNd neurons was 8 to 20 microns and that of mutant LGNd cells from 6 to 16 microns. Neurons of the normal LGNd were medium-size and round or oval, and their cell bodies were filled with Nissl substance. Microphthalmic LGNd neurons, on the other hand, had narrow cytoplasmic spaces with few Nissl granules, and pale cell nuclei. In the microphthalmic rat, the lateral part of the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNvl) also showed a marked reduction in the total volume and neuronal population which were 42 and 76% of normal values, respectively. The size of normal LGNvl neurons was 8 to 20 microns and that of the microphthalmic neurons from 6 to 16 microns. These findings suggested that a marked reduction in the size of the LGNd and LGNvl in the mutant can be attributed to a decrease in neuronal population to a diminution of cell size. PMID- 6628629 TI - Early adrenalectomy stimulates subsequent growth and development of the rat brain. AB - Rats were adrenalectomized (ADX) or sham-operated (SHAM) on the 11th day of life and subsequent brain development (cerebrum and cerebellum) studied in terms of tissue weight and biochemical composition. Measured at about 65 days of age, early ADX subjects had significantly heavier brains (in terms of both wet and dry weights) than SHAMs, despite being lighter in overall body weight. Brain protein and DNA contents were elevated, as was the activity of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase (CNP), a myelin marker enzyme. Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), a glucocorticoid-regulated enzyme, was reduced in activity. Although both the cerebrum and cerebellum showed the growth-enhancing effects of early adrenalectomy, the DNA and CNP changes were most pronounced in the cerebrum. Finally, the effect of adrenal removal on myelinogenesis was confirmed by subcellular fractionation experiments demonstrating that more myelin could be recovered from the brains of ADX than from SHAM animals. These results are significant in terms of the influence of adrenal secretions on normal brain development and the role of GPDH in myelin lipid biosynthesis. PMID- 6628630 TI - Role of the amygdala in development of hippocampal kindling in the rat. AB - The influence that the amygdala may exert on the development of hippocampal kindling was investigated using three different approaches: (i) after uni- or bilateral amygdalectomy by thermocoagulation, (ii) after prestimulation of the amygdala until the appearance of masticatory movements, and (iii) after increasing the GABA concentration in the amygdala with gamma-vinyl GABA. Hippocampal kindling was not significantly modified in amygdalectomized animals. On the contrary, prestimulation of the ipsilateral amygdala facilitated the subsequent hippocampal kindling. Finally, microinjection of gamma-vinyl GABA in both amygdalae either reduced the seizures to a prekindled level or strongly delayed the appearance of the motor signs of kindling. It is suggested that hippocampal kindling may develop preferentially through the amygdala. PMID- 6628632 TI - Morphologic alterations in the Purkinje neuron of the rat induced by lysergic acid diethylamide and fixation. AB - The effect of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on the morphology of the cerebellar cortex of the rat was studied with electron microscopy. Hippocampal electrical activity was used as an objective measure of drug efficacy. At a dose of 1700 micrograms/kg, the amplitude from the hippocampus was diminished (in 2 to 5 min) and this effect lasted for about 65 to 165 min. A morphologic alteration consisting of cisternal stacks occurred in the dendrites of Purkinje neurons of rats treated with this dose of LSD, with the perfusion carried out correctly. These stacks of smooth endoplasmic reticulum were seen 2 h after injection and persisted for at least 8 h. A reduction in the volume of perfused fluid to less than 500 ml caused similar changes in the dendrites of the Purkinje neuron of untreated rats; this was one way to experimentally induce a faulty perfusion. With LSD and faulty perfusion (reduced volume) more severe changes occurred in the dendrites and small stacks of smooth endoplasmic reticulum were seen in the Purkinje soma; similar changes were also seen when the perfusion of a control animal was mismanaged during the initial 3 min. The Purkinje neuron seems to manifest morphologic alterations, generally of two types, with exposure to a variety of noxious agents. The LSD caused some perturbation of this neuron, and this was found under properly controlled conditions of fixation. The results are interpreted as indicating that LSD is causing a metabolic alteration which could disrupt the synaptic activity over several hours. PMID- 6628633 TI - Effects of acetylcholine on cochlear nucleus neurons. AB - Iontophoretic application of acetylcholine (ACh) onto neurons in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) resulted in an inhibition of the tone-evoked responses of 85% of neurons which were affected. That effect in the DCN contrasts with the predominance of excitatory effects of ACh seen in ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) neurons. The ACh-induced inhibition in the DCN had a considerably slower onset and time course of recovery than that seen with glycine-induced inhibition. The degree of ACh effects was constant with increasing intensity or attained a maximum effect at 20 to 30 dB above best-frequency threshold in contrast to glycine, which had effects that were relatively greater at low intensities. These findings suggested a modulatory role for ACh at DCN and VCN synapses. PMID- 6628631 TI - Extra- and intracellular recordings from dorsal column postsynaptic spinomedullary neurons in the cat. AB - Dorsal column postsynaptic (DCPS) spinomedullary neurons in the dorsal horn of spinal segments L6-S1 of adult cats anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital were identified by antidromic stimulation of cervical dorsal columns that were dissected free of, and electrically isolated from, the rest of the spinal cord. The neurons were categorized with respect to natural stimulation of their cutaneous receptive fields. An equal number of low-threshold mechanoreceptive and wide-dynamic-range neurons were found. No DCPS neurons could be classified as nociceptive-specific. All neurons received input from low-threshold mechanoreceptors with myelinated axons. There was no evidence that any neurons received monosynaptic input from unmyelinated, primary afferent fibers. The average conduction velocity of the antidromic responses was 45.7 m/s. Nearly half of the DCPS cells showed an antidromic spike followed by synaptically driven responses that were probably evoked by antidromic invasion into the intraspinal collaterals of A-beta primary afferent fibers that ascended the dorsal columns. Intracellularly recorded synaptic responses of DCPS neurons to dorsal column and receptive field stimulation usually consisted of an EPSP with overriding spike potentials followed by a prolonged IPSP whose amplitude decreased markedly as the stimulus frequency was increased in the range of 5 to 30 Hz. The results indicate that DCPS neurons constitute a projection system capable of signaling innocuous and tissue-damaging mechanical stimuli. The DCPS projection may play a role in the modulation of touch and pain perception. PMID- 6628635 TI - More on reproductive mortality. PMID- 6628634 TI - Cocaine and "pharmacological kindling" in the rat. AB - The concept of "pharmacological kindling" has been used to explain the behavioral sensitization to cocaine produced by repeated administration of subconvulsive doses. This idea was tested by the repeated administration of cocaine to rats followed by electrical kindling of the olfactory bulb (a site at which cocaine has prominent electrophysiologic effects). No significant effect of cocaine on kindling was found. The relationship of this finding to studies using other drugs is discussed. PMID- 6628636 TI - Postpartum and postabortion mental health in Denmark. PMID- 6628637 TI - What U.S. women think and do about contraception. PMID- 6628638 TI - Medical societies vs. nurse practitioners. PMID- 6628639 TI - Follow-up of adolescent family planning clinic users. PMID- 6628640 TI - The Family Planning Program and cuts in federal spending. 2. Initial effects on the provision of services. PMID- 6628641 TI - Anorexia nervosa: a transgenerational system perspective. AB - In this paper it is suggested that there is a link between the condition of anorexia nervosa and certain rigid and implicit family beliefs. These rigid and implicit beliefs are transmitted from one generation to the next and have a highly constraining effect on all family members. More specifically, these beliefs include role prescriptions that are applied to certain daughters. These daughters are vulnerable to the symptoms of anorexia nervosa. The goal of treatment is to challenge successfully the constraining influence of these beliefs. As such beliefs appear extraordinarily resistant to direct challenge, this is best achieved by rendering the beliefs and their specific consequences explicit to family members. An intervention procedure based on this approach is described and its application to "anorectic families" is demonstrated. The description is supported by transcripts of a family in treatment. PMID- 6628642 TI - Ibsen's truth, family secrets, and family therapy. AB - In certain Ibsen plays a character (would-be family therapist) enters during a crisis revolving around family secrets. Taking two such plays as models, this paper examines family processes and clinical issues surrounding secrets and myths. In Ghosts, Ibsen demonstrates the tragic foreclosure visited upon the Alvings' lives by a generation of secrecy. For contrast, in The Wild Duck the would-be reformer Gregers brings out the truth, to expose and correct consequences of his father's past machinations. The biographical roots of Ibsen's obsession with truth and illusion are explored. Lastly, the notion that Ibsen and early family therapist were reformers is viewed in historical perspective. PMID- 6628643 TI - Sensory experience and family process: perceptual styles tend to run in but not necessarily run families. AB - The science of family systems has begun to develop concepts and methods for objectively assessing important characteristics of families. Thus we now have ways of measuring differences among families with respect to cohesiveness, flexibility, clarity of communication, and shared views of social reality. We know practically nothing, however, about the origins of these differences among families. One possibility is that the skills or personal attributes of one or more individual members influences the characteristics of the family as a whole. This paper explores the hypothesis that the perceptual styles of individual members--the ways they organize their experience of their personal stimulus world -influence the shared perceptions the family develops of the social world in which it lives. We explored relationships between nine measures of perceptual style and problem-solving measures of the family's shared perception of its social world. The findings showed many similarities among members of the same family on several measures of perceptual style. However, perceptual style had only a few relationships with family performance in the problem-solving task. PMID- 6628645 TI - Choices among marital observation coding systems. AB - It is argued that researchers and therapists could benefit from a detailed comparison of marital observation coding systems. The five chosen for comparison are Weiss' Marital Interaction Coding System, Gottman's Couples Interaction Scoring System, Filsinger's Dyadic Interaction Scoring Code, Olson and Ryder's Marital and Family Interaction Coding System, and Raush's Coding Scheme for Interpersonal Conflict. The strengths and weaknesses of each are noted, along with recommendations for their use in clinical situations. PMID- 6628644 TI - Assessment of perceptual discrepancy: utility of the Primary Communication Inventory. AB - The Primary Communication Inventory was factor-analyzed in order to validate the subscales of this instrument. These subscales were derived by Navran (20) on the basis of face validity and were labeled verbal and nonverbal communication subscales. The analysis yielded two factors. However, they could not be labeled verbal and nonverbal. Instead, the factors were interpreted as: (a) the individual's perceptions of own communication ability, and (b) the spouse's perceptions of the individual's communication ability. The scoring of the Primary Communication Inventory was revised and used as a measure of perceptual discrepancy between husbands and wives. Interestingly, discrepancy within the marital dyad was greater for the nondistressed participants than for the distressed participants. The results illustrate the potentially adaptive nature of positive perceptual distortion within the marital dyad and the potential utility for future research of calculating perceptual discrepancy scores for each spouse using the Primary Communication Inventory. PMID- 6628646 TI - Comments on research in family therapy. AB - This comment is submitted with the intent of stimulating some exchange between researchers. Although I chose the Woodward et al. study as a vehicle for my statement, I might easily have chosen examples outside the family therapy area. PMID- 6628647 TI - Reflections on parenting: a multigenerational perspective. AB - This paper presents some of the underlying patterns of parenting that have emerged from six years of ethnographic field research into the role of the family in children's acquisition and use of reading and writing skills. The research has provided some insights into the many complex and interrelated ways that children's literate activities are mediated and affected by multigenerational family patterns and by their personal experience of everyday life both within and outside the family. Two central themes are discussed: the spirit of change, which breaks the patterns of the past and brings new interpretations into the present, and the spirit of conservation, which maintains the continuation of family patterns from one generation to the next. Also described are the important parental attitudes of social flexibility and resiliency that are frequently evident in these processes of conservation and change of multigenerational patterns. One specific family story provides the background for the theoretical issues that are explored. PMID- 6628648 TI - Family boundaries in transition: a search for alternatives. AB - This paper attempts to clarify Minuchin's concept of family boundaries and to modify the original definition to one based on social systems concepts that are neutral with respect to pathology. The authors distinguish between logical and physical conceptualizations of "boundary" and differentiate the broad metaphor of family boundaries into proximity (i.e., interpersonal boundaries) and hierarchy (i.e., generational boundaries). Assuming that the nature of a relationship is reflected by the extent of overlap or sharing of interpersonal territories, Wood (14) adapted Goffman's (2) concept of territorial preserve to encompass six types of territories family members may share to a greater or lesser extent, reflecting the family's pattern of proximity. The family's hierarchy is reflected by who is "in charge," parents or children. We explore the process of boundary reorganization in families in transition, offering a nonstatic and health oriented view of boundary permeability. Using the anthropological concept of "rite of passage," we suggest an alternative view of stressful transitional events such as marriage and divorce. We illustrate with examples the reorganization of proximity and hierarchy that occurs during periods of transition. PMID- 6628649 TI - Dealing with the abdication dynamic in the post divorce family: a context for adolescent crisis. AB - Separation and divorce can exacerbate or precipitate abdication of parental functions. This is often associated with disengagement and acting-out by the adolescent offspring. This paper describes a therapy oriented to the management of four specific processes: (a) the restoration of parental nurturing functions, which tend to collapse under the personal and interpersonal tensions of divorce, with the result that the adolescent is without sustenance or seeks it elsewhere; (b) the recovery of parental guiding and controlling functions; (c) the correction of distortions that accompany the separation process and restoration of a relatively more accurate view of family reality; and (d) the repair of parental unity. Excerpts from a case study are used to illustrate the orchestration of this therapy. PMID- 6628650 TI - Spouse-aided versus individual therapy in persisting psychiatric disorders: a systematic comparison. AB - Fifty-three married patients with a wide range of severe, persisting psychiatric disorders were randomly allocated to a form of couples therapy (spouse-aided therapy) or to individual therapy. Both were outpatient, goal-oriented therapies, with an overall mean duration of 9.5 hours. Before, during, immediately after, and three months after therapy, patients and spouses completed ratings of target and personal problems, sexual activity and attitudes, psychological symptoms, and marital satisfaction. Ratings were also conducted by independent assessors. Spouse-aided therapy proved superior to individual therapy at a statistically significant level on most outcome measures, with clinically worthwhile improvements in symptoms, problems, and marital satisfaction in both partners. Individual therapy was followed by improvement in some symptoms, but marital dissatisfaction increased and both partners were more depressed at three months follow-up than before treatment. PMID- 6628651 TI - [Effect of benzonal on the resistance of animals to the action of organophosphorus and carbamic compounds]. AB - The inductor of microsomal enzymes, benzonal (20 mg/kg) produces an overt preventive and treatment-preventive action in acute and subacute poisoning with organophosphorus (DDVP, parathion, TEPP, chlorophos) and carbamic (pirimor, sevin) compounds. As regards the efficacy benzonal is not inferior to phenobarbital (14 mg/kg). Pretreatment with benzonal averts the development of the neuromuscular blockade and normalizes spontaneous activity of the myoneural synapse of rats and cats poisoned with pirimor and parathion. PMID- 6628652 TI - [Study of the toxicity and leukocyte-stimulating activity of purine derivatives]. AB - Among newly synthesized purine compounds there are drugs that are capable to increase the leukocyte count in the peripheral blood of irradiated animals. The derivatives of xanthine and adenine under study were marked by low toxicity. PMID- 6628653 TI - [Method for carrying out experiments on laboratory animals]. AB - The author has designed a unit for the fixation of laboratory animals. The use of the unit enables free fixation of an animal, creates the conditions that approximate the natural status, provides for a necessary access and a good view. PMID- 6628654 TI - [Method for intravital photometry of surface nephrons in experimental pharmacology]. PMID- 6628655 TI - [Effect of varying the dose of haloperidol during its prolonged administration on the development of tolerance and hypersensitivity in dopamine receptors]. AB - It has been shown in experiments on male mice that prolonged administration (for 20 days) of haloperidol in doses of 0.1, 1.0, 5.0 and 10.00 mg/kg produced an increase in the tolerance to thecataleptogenic effect at the end of administration and a rise in 3H-spiroperidole binding with striatum membranes on the 5th day after discontinuation of the neuroleptic, which attests to an increase in the sensitivity of dopamine receptors. Variation of haloperidol dose every other three days during 20 days of drug administration (1.0--0.1 ... 1.0 mg/kg and 1.0--10.00 ... 1.0 mg/kg) eliminated the manifestations of tolerance and hypersensitivity of dopamine receptors. It is assumed that variation of the neuroleptic dose during prolonged administration prevents the development of extrapyramidal disorders of the hyperkinetic type. PMID- 6628656 TI - [Catecholamine absorption by stomach tissues in normal conditions and in experimental ulcer]. AB - Different topographic zones of the stomach and the duodenum differ in the intensity of accumulation of exogenous adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (NA). NA is markedly absorbed by the tissues of the greater and lesser curvatures of the stomach and is absorbed less intensely by the pylorus and duodenum. As regards A an opposite picture is observed. Experimental neurogenic ulcer is followed by decreased accumulation of exogenous NA coupled with intensification of A deposition in the tissues of individual topographic zones of the stomach. The peripheral N-cholinoblocker quateron promotes the rise of exogenous NA reservation in the tissues of the stomach and duodenum. PMID- 6628657 TI - [Anti-arrhythmia properties of pyromecaine]. AB - Antiarrhythmic activity of the local anesthetic pyromecaine has been studied. The drug has been shown to eliminate flutter of the atria provoked by electrical stimulation of the myocardium, by aconitin, strophanthine and barium chloride. It prevents ventricular fibrillation arising due to calcium chloride poisoning. The drug exhibits marked antiarrhythmic properties. It is similar to lidocaine but less toxic and has a broader therapeutic range. It does not produce any adverse action on myocardial contractility or conduction. Pyromecaine has been demonstrated to exert appreciable antiarrhythmic activity in patients. The Pharmacological Committee of the USSR Ministry of Health approved pyromecaine for use in medical practice as an antiarrhythmic drug. PMID- 6628658 TI - [Effect of obzidan and Novodrin on the phospholipid composition of the myocardium]. AB - It has been demonstrated in experiments on rats that intraperitoneal injection of novodrine (1 mg/kg) produces an increase in the concentration of phosphatidylcholines and polyglycerophosphatides in myocardial tissue. Consecutive injection of obsidan (2 mg/kg) and novodrine in the same dose leads to more significant shifts in the phospholipid spectrum of the myocardium. The characteristic feature of which is a considerable lowering of the majority of phospholipid myocardial fractions. PMID- 6628659 TI - [Effect of aggregating agents on the pentosephosphate pathway of carbohydrate metabolism in human blood platelet extracts]. AB - Thrombin inhibits the rate of glucose-6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate oxidation. ADP decreases the incorporation of ribose-5-phosphate into metabolism. The effect of adrenaline on the pentose phosphate pathway reactions was not demonstrated. Cell destruction by means of freezing, thawing and treatment with Triton X-100 decreases the rate of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction to a greater degree as compared with osmotic shock. PMID- 6628660 TI - [Soviet pharmacologists--active participants in the implementation of the USSR food program]. PMID- 6628662 TI - [Change in the anti-inflammatory activity of nonsteroidal antiphlogistics in conditions of acute hypoxic hypoxia]. AB - It has been shown on animals with experimental histamine edema under acute hypoxic hypoxia that anti-inflammatory properties of the known non-steroidal antiphlogistics and new derivatives of fumaric acid heterylamides administered in a dose of 10% of the LD50 underwent changes. At "altitudes" of 5000 and 10000 m a high enough anti-inflammatory activity was preserved by the drugs that, apart from an anti-exudative action, produced an antihypoxic one. The other non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs under study demonstrated either a lowered activity or completely lost it, depending on the "altitude". PMID- 6628661 TI - [Effect of ajmaline on kidney function]. AB - Ajmaline increases diuresis and excretion of sodium in rats (10 mg/kg subcutaneously) and in dogs (3 mg/kg intravenously) at the expense of elevation of the glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow. Ajmaline produces no direct effect on sodium potassium or water transport in renal tubules. PMID- 6628664 TI - [Electron microscopic studies of experimental staphylococcal infections in mice as chemotherapeutic models]. AB - Study of ultrastructural changes in the brain and renal tissues has shown that both intracerebral and intraperitoneal administration of staphylococcus in low infecting doses leads to the development in the brain and renal tissues of acute purulent inflammation, with a dramatic growth of infectious process and involvement of all parts of the organs under consideration. The presence in the brain tissues and in its meninges of inflammatory pyonecrotic foci might attest to the necrotic purulent encephalomeningitis, whereas the presence in the cortex and renal medullary substance of histiolymphocytic infiltration and foci of necrosis might be evidence of necrotic glomerulonephritis of bacterial etiology. PMID- 6628663 TI - [Effect of decamethoxine, decamine and levorin on the content of cholesterol, phospholipids and triglycerides in albino rat liver]. AB - It has been shown in experiments that intramuscular injection of guaternary ammonium compounds (decamethoxine and decamine) and levorin changed the content of cholesterol, phospholipids and triglycerides in the liver of white rats. Decamethoxine decreased the content of phospholipids and cholesterol and raised the concentration of triglycerides. Decamine decreased the level of phospholipids and raised the content of cholesterol and triglycerides, while levorin minimized the content of phospholipids, cholesterol and triglycerides. PMID- 6628665 TI - [Therapeutic and protective properties of dimebon in burns]. AB - It has been shown in experiments on Wistar rats and random-bred mice that dimebon does not accelerate burn wound healing but has a protective action when applied intraperitoneally and intragastrically, thereby raising the animals' survival rate in burn shock. PMID- 6628666 TI - [Effect of endolymphatic infusions of 5-fluorouracil on the course of acute experimental pancreatitis]. AB - Experiments on 12 dogs with experimental acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis were made to assess the effect of endolymphatic therapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in a dose of 5 mg/kg. The changes in the activity of pancreatic enzymes and kinins in the blood, lymph and urine were studied before and after endolymphatic administration of 5-FU. After the dogs were sacrificed the pieces of endocrine tissue from different parts of the pancreas were exposed to morphological study. Endolymphatic administration of 5-FU for experimental acute pancreatitis reduced the activity of proteo- and lipolytic enzymes. The structural manifestation of the enzymological changes included the delimitation of the areas of necrosis in acinar tissue of the pancreas, improvement of intraorgan blood and lymph circulation. PMID- 6628667 TI - The interaction between pancreatic lipase and colipase: a protein-protein interaction regulated by a lipid. AB - Pancreatic lipase readily adsorbs to a triglyceride droplet. In the intestine the triglyceride droplets are covered with bile salt and phospholipids which will prevent the adsorption of lipase. In this situation the activity of lipase is restored by colipase, another pancreatic protein. Lipase and colipase in solution form a 1:1 molar complex. I emphasize the fact that the binding and conformation of the two proteins in the complex is dependent on the type of lipids present and suggest that this lipid-determined structure of the complex is responsible for the actual function of lipase/colipase. It determines whether colipase assists lipase in binding to the bile salt-covered triglyceride droplet as is the case with tributyrin as substrate, and whether colipase in addition activates lipase as is the case with a mixed trioctanoin/lecithin monolayer substrate. In other words, lipase activity is regulated by the combined action of colipase and the lipid substrate. PMID- 6628668 TI - The nature of diene conjugation in human serum, bile and duodenal juice. AB - Diene-conjugated lipids have been located by HPLC in serum, bile and duodenal juice. Whether esterified or not the same predominant fatty acid is responsible for most of the diene conjugation in all of these biological fluids. Initial attempts to generate this fatty acid in pure lipid by classical lipid peroxidation in vitro were unsuccessful. Ultraviolet irradiation of free fatty acids in the presence of protein produced diene-conjugated lipids similar to those found in vivo. The predominant diene-conjugated fatty acid in vivo is an isomerised C18:2 compound. PMID- 6628669 TI - Inhibition of glutamate dehydrogenase activity in rabbit renal mitochondria by phosphoenolpyruvate. AB - The effect of phosphoenolpyruvate on glutamate dehydrogenase activity was studied in both intact and Triton X-100-treated rabbit renal mitochondria. The intramitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate content was modulated by application of both 3-MPA, an inhibitor of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and BTCA, which inhibits the tricarboxylate-transporting system. The data indicate that: (i) phosphoenolpyruvate is a potent inhibitor of glutamate dehydrogenase activity; and (ii) its inhibitory effect on the enzyme may be abolished by leucine and ADP, activators of glutamate dehydrogenase. PMID- 6628670 TI - Inhibition of Na+-dependent Ca2+ efflux from heart mitochondria by amiloride analogues. AB - The Na+-induced release of accumulated Ca2+ from heart mitochondria is inhibited by amiloride, benzamil and several other amiloride analogues. These drugs do not affect uptake or release of Ca2+ mediated by the ruthenium red-sensitive uniporter and their effects, like those of diltiazem and other Ca2+-antagonists, appear to be localized principally at the Na+/Ca2+ antiporter of the mitochondrion. Benzamil inhibits Na+/Ca2+ antiport non-competitively with respect to [Na+] with a Ki of 167 microM. In the presence of 1.5 mM Pi the Ki for benzamil inhibition of this reaction is decreased to 87 microM. PMID- 6628671 TI - The 5'-terminal sequence of TMV RNA. Question on the polymorphism found in vulgare strain. AB - The complete nucleotide sequence of TMV RNA (common strain) reported in [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1982) 79, 5818] its 5'-end to be represented by two variants which differed in length. We have tested that result and sequenced the 5'-terminal regions of two strains of TMV RNA (common strain OM and tomato strain L) using cloned cDNA copies. The results showed that the 5'-terminal region of the TMV genome is not polymorphic and that one of the two variants cited above represents a tomato strain but not the common strain. PMID- 6628672 TI - Characterization of hemoglobin from the lizard Uromastix hardwickii. AB - Hemoglobin from the tropic lizard Uromastix hardwickii was isolated. Chain separations were studied, and the whole carboxymethylated globin was cleaved with trypsin. Peptides were pre-fractionated by exclusion chromatography and finally purified by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Amino acid sequence analysis permitted ordering of peptides in alpha- and beta-chains by homology with known structures in other hemoglobins. Results show large structural variations (about 50% homology between Uromastix and viper alpha chains) and suggest chain heterogeneity with the presence of at least two types of both the alpha- and beta-chains in the preparations. PMID- 6628673 TI - Lamprey 48-kDa lens protein represents a novel class of crystallins. AB - SDS-PAGE revealed a major Mr 48 000 polypeptide of pI around 8 in the water soluble fraction of lamprey lenses. It occurs as a monomeric protein, and its amino acid composition and tryptic peptides show no resemblances to alpha-, beta , gamma- or delta-crystallin. Immunoblotting with antiserum against the 48-kDa protein revealed an immunologically related polypeptide of similar Mr in reptiles, several birds and a fish, but showed no cross-reactivity with any other water-soluble lens component. The 48-kDa protein is not detected in many birds and fishes, and in the investigated mammals and amphibians. PMID- 6628674 TI - Low-temperature 1H-NMR evidence of the folding of isolated ribonuclease S peptide. AB - The temperature (-7 degrees C to 45 degrees C, pH 5.4) and pH (0 degrees C) dependence of 1H chemical shifts of ribonuclease S-peptide (5 mM, 1 M NaCl) has been measured at 360 MHz. The observed variations evidence the formation of a partial helical structure, involving the fragment Thr-3-Met-13. Two salt-bridges stabilize the helix: those formed by Glu-9- ...His-12+ and Glu-2- ...Arg-10+. The structural features deduced from the 1H-NMR at low temperature for the isolated S peptide are compatible with the structure shown by the same molecule in the ribonuclease S crystal. PMID- 6628675 TI - Role of calcium in serum-stimulation of hexose transport in muscle cells. AB - Serum stimulates glucose uptake into several cells in culture. In intact muscle, an increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ has been proposed to mediate the activation of glucose uptake by hormones and other stimuli [Cell Calcium (1980) 1, 311-325]. We report that hexose (2-deoxy-D-glucose) uptake into L6 muscle cells in culture is enhanced several-fold by fetal calf serum. The increase in uptake is due to stimulation of transmembrane transport, since serum also stimulated uptake of the non-metabolizable hexose 3-O-methyl-D-glucose. The role of Ca2+ in this stimulation was assessed: (i) stimulation of transport by serum was independent of the presence of extracellular Ca2+ during the incubation with serum; (ii) the intracellular levels of free Ca2+, measured by the fluorescence of the novel Ca indicator quin-2, were identical in serum-stimulated and control cells. It is concluded that hexose transport can increase in muscle cells without concomitant changes in cytoplasmic free Ca2+. PMID- 6628676 TI - Multiple environments of fluorinated anesthetics in intact tissues observed with 19F NMR spectroscopy. AB - The incorporation of two fluorine-containing general anesthetic agents, halothane and methoxyflurane, into erythrocytes (from three different species), rabbit muscle and rabbit nerve, was followed with 19F NMR spectroscopy. Two major findings emerged from these studies: (1) multiple environments indicative of domain structure in the membrane can be observed depending on the anesthetic and the tissue type; and (2) the 19F chemical shifts of a given anesthetic were characteristic for the tissue examined. Halothane showed a single resonance in erythrocytes and multiple resonances in muscle and nerve, while methoxyflurane showed multiple resonances in both muscle and erythrocytes. The range of the 19F chemical shifts for the multiple peaks was as great as 6 ppm. PMID- 6628677 TI - Effects of phenothiazines on low density lipoprotein metabolism in cultured human fibroblasts. AB - Treatment of cultured human fibroblasts with trifluoperazine or chlorpromazine resulted in a biphasic effect on low density lipoprotein (LDL) catabolism, depending upon the dose. At up to 10(-5) M, a marked increase in LDL binding, internalization and degradation was observed. This phenomenon took place within the first hours of incubation with the drugs, suggesting a direct effect on cell membrane physical characteristics, probably related to the lipophilic properties of phenothiazines. Concentrations above 2 X 10(-5) M resulted in a relative decrease in LDL binding and internalization, and in a dramatic decrease in LDL degradation, which may be related to an inhibition of calmodulin-dependent processes. PMID- 6628678 TI - Oxidation of glutathione by free radical intermediates formed during peroxidase catalyzed N-demethylation reactions. AB - Horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed N-demethylation of aminopyrine and dimethylaniline results in generation of free radical intermediates which can interact with glutathione (GSH) to form a glutathione radical. This can either dimerize to yield glutathione disulfide or react with O2 to form oxygenated products of glutathione. Ethylmorphine is not a substrate in the peroxidase mediated reaction, and free radical intermediates which react with GSH, are not formed from aminopyrine and dimethylaniline when the horseradish peroxidase/H2O2 system is replaced by liver microsomes and NADPH. Therefore, it appears unlikely that formation of free radical intermediates can be responsible for the depletion of GSH observed during N-demethylation of several drugs in isolated liver cells. PMID- 6628679 TI - Biochemical studies on muscarinic receptors in the salamander olfactory epithelium. AB - Muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the olfactory epithelium of the salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum, were studied via binding of 3-[3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate. The receptors are present on the olfactory receptor cells in the epithelium to an amount of 0.08 pmol/mg homogenate protein. Both choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholine esterase are present in the salamander olfactory epithelium. PMID- 6628680 TI - Characterization of a scyllo-inositol-containing sialyloligosaccharide from normal human urine. AB - Three inositol-containing sialyloligosaccharides were isolated from normal human urine. Structural studies including gas-liquid chromatography of mono- and disaccharide derivatives, methylation analysis, mass spectrometry and glycosidase treatments indicated the structure NeuAc (alpha 2-3)Gal(beta 1-0)scyllo-inositol for one of the oligosaccharides isolated. This provides the first evidence for the natural occurrence of a scyllo-inositol glycoside in biological material. The two other oligosaccharides isolated were identified as two isomers of NeuAc(alpha 2-3)Gal(beta 1-0)myo-inositol, which have not been identified in normal urine before. PMID- 6628681 TI - Characterization of oligosaccharides from the urine of loco-intoxicated sheep. AB - Two major oligosaccharides were isolated by preparative HPLC from the urine of a locoweed-fed sheep. Analysis by gas-liquid chromatography and mass-spectrometry indicated compositions of (Man)4(GlcNAc)2 and (Man)5(GlcNAc)2, respectively. Structures were determined by digestion with alpha-D-mannosidase and endo-beta-N acetylglucosaminidases D and H, and comparison of the products by HPLC with synthetic standards, and oligosaccharides isolated from human mannosidosis urine. Incubation with an exo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase was without effect. PMID- 6628682 TI - Correlation between phosphorylated H1 histone and condensed chromatin in Planococcus citri. AB - Histones of the mealybug Planococcus citri have been isolated and characterised. Although no major differences were observed between the core histones of male and female insects, the pattern of H1 histones was significantly different between the sexes. A specific hyperphosphorylated H1 was found to be present only in male mealybugs, where the paternal chromosomes are condensed and transcriptionally inactive. PMID- 6628683 TI - The dimeric intermediate on the pathway of reconstitution of lactate dehydrogenase is enzymatically active. PMID- 6628684 TI - Inhibition of anion transport across the red cell membrane by dinitrophenylation of a specific lysine residue at the H2DIDS binding site of the band 3 protein. AB - The inhibition of anion transport by dinitrophenylation of the red cell membrane is brought about by the modification of a single lysine residue located on the 17 kDa segment of the band 3 protein. This residue is identical with Lys a, which is also capable of reacting with one of the two isothiocyanate groups of 4,4' diisothiocyano dihydro-stilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (H2DIDS). The rate of reaction between Lys a and 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is reduced when a second lysine residue on the 35-kDa segment of the band 3 protein becomes dinitrophenylated. This latter residue is not identical with Lys b which is known to be present on the 35-kDa segment and involved in the cross-linking of this segment with the 17 kDa segment by H2DIDS. PMID- 6628685 TI - Two-quantum selective laser scission of polyadenilic acid in the complementary complex with a dansyl derivative of oligothymidilate. AB - Nonathymidilate was synthesized containing the chromophore (dansyl) group linked to its 5'-phosphate. In the presence of this compound the polyadenilic acid molecules are split by the radiation (power density J greater than or equal to 70 MW/cm2) of a nitrogen laser, while under the same conditions poly(C) and poly(U) are hardly affected. This selective optically non-linear effect was predicted and is explained in terms of radiativeless transfer of two-quantum excitation of the chromophore which is fixed on poly(A) molecule due to the formation of the complementary complex with nonathymidilate. PMID- 6628686 TI - Amino acid sequence characterization of mammalian vimentin, the mesenchymal intermediate filament protein. AB - The amino-terminal 98 residues of porcine vimentin have been determined by amino acid sequence studies. Extensive overlap is seen with the corresponding region of the carboxyterminal 448 residues of hamster vimentin predicted from DNA sequence studies, which left the very amino-terminal region unknown. The combined data show that contrary to gel electrophoretic results, mammalian vimentin contains only about 467 residues, and that species-specific drift occurs mainly in the amino-terminal non-alpha-helical array. The results are discussed parallel to emerging concepts on intermediate filament protein diversity. PMID- 6628687 TI - Resolution of the hemes of hydroxylamine oxidoreductase by redox potentiometry and optical spectroscopy. AB - Optical spectroscopy combined with redox potentiometry has resolved the hemes of hydroxylamine oxidoreductase into 6 thermodynamically distinct classes. There are apparently 4 classes of heme c553, with Em7-values of 295 mV, 10 mV, -190 mV and 390 mV, present in a stoichiometry of 1:1:2:1; two equivalents of heme c559, Em7 O mV, and one of heme P-460, an unusual chromophore, with Em7 -260 mV. PMID- 6628688 TI - Differences in thermal stability of the fetal and adult brain myoinositol-1 phosphate synthase. Probable involvement of NAD. AB - L-myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase (EC 5.5.1.4) from mammalian fetal and adult brain differ considerably with respect to their stability towards different temperatures between 25-65 degrees C. This property has been found to be associated with the presence of the synthase co-factor, NAD, bound to the enzyme protein. The lower thermal stability of the fetal enzyme increases in presence of added NAD (0.8 mM) whereas the higher thermal stability of the adult brain enzyme declines when NAD is specifically removed from the enzyme. PMID- 6628689 TI - A mechanism for the transfer of the carboxyl-group from 1'-N-carboxybiotin to acceptor substrates by biotin-containing enzymes. AB - Previous proposals for the mechanism by which biotin-dependent enzymes catalyse the transfer of the carboxyl group from 1'-N-carboxybiotin to acceptor molecules do not appear to be consistent with all of the experimental observations now available. We propose a multi-step mechanism in which (a) substrate and then carboxybiotin bind at the second partial reaction site, (b) a base positioned adjacent to the 3'-N of the carboxybiotin abstracts a proton from the 3'-N and (c) the resulting enolate ion and the acceptor substrate undergo a concerted reaction resulting in carboxyl-group transfer. PMID- 6628691 TI - A compact three-dimensional crystal form of the large ribosomal subunit from Bacillus stearothermophilus. AB - A new form of well-ordered three-dimensional crystals of intact 50 S ribosomal subunits from Bacillus stearothermophilus have been obtained. Electron micrographs of positively stained sections of these crystals revealed that the ribosomal particles are packed closely. The cell parameters have been determined. Representative electron micrographs and their computed contoured filtered images are shown. PMID- 6628690 TI - Mutual arrangement of histone H1 molecules in extended chromatin. Chymotryptic digestion of cross-linked H1 histone dimers. AB - Mutual arrangement of histone H1 molecules in chromatin extended in low salt-EDTA buffer and additionally in the presence of urea was studied by means of reversible cross-linking combined with chymotryptic digestion. In the chromatins tested, the chymotryptic halves of H1 were cross-linked in all possible combinations; i.e., C-C, C-N and N-N. The results imply that the mutual arrangement of H1 histones is determined by the structure of extended nucleosomal chain, rather than chromatin superstructure. PMID- 6628692 TI - Proteins of the Bacillus stearothermophilus ribosome. A 5 A structure analysis of protein S5. AB - The structure of protein S5 from the small subunit of the Bacillus stearothermophilus ribosome is described to a resolution of 5 A. The molecular boundary is visible and shows the protein to be essentially compact although slightly elongated in one dimension. PMID- 6628693 TI - Evidence for phosphorylation of actin by the insulin receptor-associated protein kinase from human placenta. AB - A purified preparation of rabbit muscle actin (43-kDa protein) is phosphorylated at tyrosine residues when incubated with solubilized insulin receptor from human placenta. Phosphorylation of the 95-kDa receptor subunit and of 43-kDa protein is stimulated by insulin and vanadate, respectively; however, the mode of action of the two agents is distinguishable. PMID- 6628694 TI - The nature of the stable noncovalent dimers of band 3 protein from erythrocyte membranes in solutions of Triton X-100. AB - Stable noncovalent dimers of band 3 protein from human erythrocyte membranes, in which state the protein is thought to exist after solubilization by the nonionic detergent Triton X-100, do not occur when purified batches of the detergent are used. Instead, the protein is in a monomer/dimer/tetramer association equilibrium. The stable dimers do appear, however, when the detergent has been 'aged'. They thus seem to be artifacts. PMID- 6628695 TI - Enzymatic methylation of DNA and poly(dG-dC) X poly(dG-dC) modified by 4 acetoxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide, the ultimate carcinogen of 4-nitroquinoline-1 oxide. AB - Both the initial velocity and the overall methylation of Ac-4HAQO modified DNA by a calf brain DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase are increased as compared to native DNA. The affinity of the modified DNA for the enzyme decreases as a function of the extent of the modification. Heat-denatured, single-stranded DNA shows exactly the opposite results: the more it is modified, the less it is methylated. The poly(dG-dC) X poly(dG-dC) modified by 4NQO is as well methylated as the non-modified one. The carcinogen may induce a tertiary structure favouring the 'walking' of the enzyme along the DNA. The hypermethylation caused by this carcinogen could have a significance in gene activity and cellular differentiation. PMID- 6628696 TI - Induced mannosidosis-excretion of oligosaccharides by locoweed-intoxicated sheep. AB - Daily urine samples were collected from a locoweed-fed sheep, and the oligosaccharide content examined by thin-layer and liquid chromatography. An unusual pattern of urine oligosaccharides was observed, which appears to be characteristic of loco intoxication. Changes in the pattern could be correlated with the onset of visible disease, which occurred approximately 5 weeks after the typical urine sugars were first detected. HPLC showed that these sugars consisted of two homologous series of oligosaccharides containing one and two residues of 2 acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose, respectively. PMID- 6628697 TI - In vivo actions of angiotensin II on glomerular function. AB - Investigations in which a variety of experimental approaches were used, i.e., micropuncture techniques, analysis of intrarenal hormonal receptor, and electron microscopic analysis of renal morphology, have substantiated a major role for angiotensin II (AII) within the kidney in the regulation of vascular resistances, glomerular function, and even tubular reabsorption. It is also clear that AII exerts a significant influence on glomerular hemodynamics in a variety of altered physiological and pathophysiological states. Recent studies suggest a rather complex interaction between AII and hormonal and adrenergic effects at the glomerular level. AII may also play an important functional role in the pathogenesis of certain forms of acute renal failure. The specific mechanism whereby AII decreases the glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient, however, remains to be fully elucidated. Although in vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that the glomerular effects of AII may be associated with contraction of glomerular mesangial cells, recent in vivo quantitative evaluation has suggested that a uniform vasoconstriction of glomerular capillaries with proportional reductions in glomerular surface area is probably not the sole mechanism for the AII-induced reductions in glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient. PMID- 6628698 TI - Glomerular mesangium as an effector locus for the tubuloglomerular feedback system and renal sympathetic innervation. AB - To define the effector loci for the tubuloglomerular feedback system, the determinants of the single-nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) were assessed in Munich-Wistar rats by direct glomerular puncture during perfusion of Henle's loop with isotonic Ringer's solution at rates of 0 and 40 nl/min. At the higher flow rate, SNGFR averaged only approximately 65% that measured during the lower flow rate. Whereas mean glomerular capillary hydraulic pressure was unaffected, both glomerular plasma flow rate and ultrafiltration coefficient Kf were found to decrease significantly in response to increase in loop perfusion rate, thereby accounting for the measured reduction in SNGFR. These changes were associated with increased afferent (RA) and efferent (RE) arteriolar resistances. Based on the close anatomic contact between mesangial cells and these arterioles, a single effector mechanism channeled through mesangial contractility is suggested to account for the observed reduction in Kf and increase in RA and RE. Mesangial contractility appears to be under sympathetic nerve control. In our recent micropuncture study with Munich-Wistar rats, a marked reduction in SNGFR was observed during high-frequency stimulation (5 Hz) of the renal nerve. This reduction in SNGFR was accompanied by a marked fall in Kf and increase in RA and RE. When kidneys were perfusion-fixed during high-frequency stimulation, a marked reduction in the number of open channels was demonstrated together with marked narrowing of afferent and efferent arterioles. These observations are consistent with the view that sympathetic innervation of mesangium may modulate GFR through its ability to regulate mesangial contractility. PMID- 6628699 TI - Brain protein synthesis and memory: the use of antibiotic probes. AB - The interest in antibiotics as amnestic agents stemmed from their effects on protein synthesis. Initially they were viewed as an avenue for exploring various hypotheses concerning the role of protein synthesis in memory formation. Three classes of protein synthesis inhibitors have been widely used in memory disruption experiments: puromycin (Puro), the glutarimides such as cycloheximide (CXM) and acetoxycycloheximide, and, more recently, anisomycin (ANI). Each of these agents has been found effective in producing experimental amnesia within dose ranges that are not significantly toxic to the animal. Although a factor common to each is the ability to block protein synthesis, the biochemical mechanisms for protein synthesis inhibition differ for these drugs in a consequential manner. Each of these agents may have other biochemical effects as well. In fact, it appears that protein synthesis inhibition is not a crucial factor underlying their behavioral effects. For example, data from experiments with CXM and ANI suggest that protein synthesis may not be essential for the storage of longer-term memory in mammals, birds, or insects. Even when retention deficits are produced by protein synthesis inhibition, the effects appear to result from deficits in retrieval or access processes rather than in the storage of memory. Puro, on the other hand, appears to exert its effects on memory in a unique manner. Of all the antibiotics, it alone is effective in producing amnesia when injections are delayed until 24 h after training. PMID- 6628700 TI - Relationship of acetylator status to isoniazid toxicity, lupus erythematosus, and bladder cancer. PMID- 6628701 TI - The phenotype of dendritic cells and macrophages. AB - Several types of irregularly shaped dendritic cells have been identified, including dendritic cells and interdigitating cells in lymphoid tissues, epidermal Langerhans cells, follicular or germinal center dendritic cells, and veiled cells in lymph. All these cells exhibit phenotypic differences from monocytes and macrophages that include cytology, surface markers, endocytic activity, and capacity to adhere to tissue culture surfaces. Phenotypic differences have provided the means for separating dendritic cells from macrophages and other cell types. The precise lineage of these dendritic cells is not established. Functional studies, in which positive and negative selection procedures are used, indicated that dendritic cells are specialized stimulator cells for immune responses. PMID- 6628702 TI - Human serum acid-labile factor is an acylhydrolase that inactivates platelet activating factor. AB - Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a phospholipid that activates platelets, induces inflammation, and causes profound alteration in the cardiopulmonary system. PAF from rabbit basophils and hog leukocytes is 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn glycero-3-phosphocholine (AGEPC). Human and other mammalian serums contain an acid-labile factor (ALF) that rapidly inactivates AGEPC. ALF is associated with low-density lipoproteins but can be dissociated from the lipoproteins with detergent followed by ultracentrifugation. Delipidated ALF has an isoelectric point of approximately 7.1, its molecular weight is unknown, and it will not react with goat anti-whole human serum, antialbumin, anti-alpha- or anti-beta lipoproteins, or antiapolipoproteins A or B. ALF has the following characteristics: 1) is acid labile; 2) is Ca2+ independent; 3) has a pH optimum of 6.2; 4) can hydrolyze a four-carbon but not a six-carbon or longer chain fatty acid at the sn-2 position; 5) is independent of an ester or ether linkage at the sn-1 position; 6) is incapable of hydrolyzing sn-2 acetylphosphatidylethanolamine, which indicates the need for at least one methyl group on the choline moiety of AGEPC; 7) requires between 5 and 16 carbons at the sn-1 position to remove a three- or four-carbon fatty acid on the sn-2 position; 8) is inactivated by heating to 65 C for 30 min; 9) is pronase and trypsin sensitive but papain resistant; and 10) is a hydrophobic molecule and thus behaves like a membrane-associated enzyme. Thus, ALF is a specific phosphatide 2 acylhydrolase. PMID- 6628703 TI - A comparison of danazol and conservative surgery for the treatment of infertility due to mild or moderate endometriosis. AB - Although both medical and surgical therapy have been widely used in the treatment of infertility due to endometriosis, there is little information on the comparative success of these treatment modalities. In a group of 313 infertile women who presented to The Johns Hopkins Hospital with mild or moderate endometriosis in whom there had been no previous therapy, the results of danazol (91 patients) and conservative surgery (133 patients) were compared. It was found that the cumulative pregnancy curves of the two groups virtually coincided. There was no significant difference in the estimated proportion of patients who were "cured," i.e., who would ultimately conceive if followed for a long enough period (68.3% for surgery versus 74.0% for danazol), nor in the monthly rate of pregnancy among those cured (5.7% versus 4.0%), respectively. PMID- 6628704 TI - Long-term follow-up of hyperprolactinemic women treated with bromocriptine. AB - Seventy-five women with hyperprolactinemia and demonstrable or suspected prolactinomas were treated with bromocriptine only and followed for 5 to 9 years. Biochemical, radiologic, and clinical responses were generally maintained in the long term, once established in the short term. Underlying mass effects on neurologic and pituitary function tended to improve, and no tumor progression was noted. Hypogonadal symptoms normalized in 68 of 75 women. Bromocriptine responses in long-term follow-up do not demonstrate any cumulative problems not seen in short-term therapy. PMID- 6628706 TI - Both midluteal serum progesterone levels and late luteal endometrial histology should be assessed in all infertile women. AB - Criteria for diagnosis of luteal phase deficiency vary among specialists. Adequacy of corpus luteum function usually is based on a midluteal serum progesterone (P) concentration or a late luteal biopsy. To compare these two methods of determining luteal phase adequacy, 42 midluteal P levels were compared with late luteal endometrial biopsies from the same cycles in 34 women undergoing evaluation for infertility. Eleven cycles contained both hormonal and histologic evidence of luteal phase inadequacy; 12 contained only hormonal evidence of inadequacy; 9 contained only histologic evidence of inadequacy; and 10 contained both hormonal and histologic evidence of adequate luteal function. These data suggest that both midluteal phase P levels and late luteal endometrial biopsies should be assessed in infertile women, because neither can be used to predict the other. PMID- 6628705 TI - Incidence of the luteinized unruptured follicle phenomenon in cycling women. AB - A prospective study is presented in order to determine the frequency of the luteinized unruptured follicle (LUF) in a population of 66 regularly cycling women. They were monitored by daily ultrasound for a total of 183 cycles, and the LUF was detected in 9 cycles, giving an incidence of 4.9%. The results of daily changes of luteinizing hormone, estradiol, and progesterone provide support for the thesis that the LUF behaves steroidogenically as a corpus luteum and that the luteal phase duration is normal. Continued monitoring in 35 cycles revealed a recurrence in only one case during a fourth subsequent cycle. Thus, the findings indicate that the LUF is a sporadic and infrequent phenomenon. It is therefore an uncommon cause of infertile cycles in potentially fertile women and represents a biologic variable rather than a syndrome. Based on ultrasonic and endocrine observations, a mechanism is proposed for the resolution of the LUF. PMID- 6628708 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of human preimplantation endometrium in normal and clomiphene/human chorionic gonadotropin-stimulated cycles. AB - Embryo transfer after in vitro fertilization of oocytes obtained from unstimulated or stimulated women is usually carried out earlier than when an embryo developed in vivo reaches the womb. The possible asynchrony between the developmental stage of the embryo and that of the endometrium at transfer might reduce the prospects for implantation; so also might any secondary effect of stimulation. Preimplantation endometrium dated by plasma hormone analyses of 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone in five unstimulated and eight stimulated women was surveyed. Three features were examined, namely, the frequency, distribution, and appearance of ciliated cells, nonciliated cells, and apical protrusion. Wide regional variations were observed, but no continuous or consistent changes or differences were found from ovulation to the time for implantation in unstimulated and stimulated cycles. Therefore, from the morphologic point of view, the surface might be ready to accept a transferred embryo at any time within a range of days after ovulation. PMID- 6628707 TI - Mode of action of dl-norgestrel and ethinylestradiol combination in postcoital contraception. III. Effect of preovulatory administration following the luteinizing hormone surge on ovarian steroidogenesis. AB - A combination of 1.0 mg dl-norgestrel and 0.1 mg ethinylestradiol was administered orally at 18 hours after the detection of luteinizing hormone rise and again at 30 hours in five healthy volunteers with normal menstrual cycles. The effects on ovarian function were studied by comparing the daily serum levels of progesterone (P), 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, and estradiol (E2) measured in a control (placebo) cycle with those in two consecutive treatment cycles. Treatment did not alter the steroid levels in one subject. P was suppressed in one or both treatment cycles of four subjects. E2 was suppressed in both treatment cycles of one subject and produced widely fluctuating patterns in another. The hormonal patterns in the two consecutive treatment cycles of the same individual were similar in all but one instance, where only the P level in the second treatment cycle was diminished. These results showed that this treatment can elicit steroidogenic responses of varying degrees and duration. The contraceptive action may lie in the altered P and/or E2 level at certain points in the menstrual cycle. PMID- 6628709 TI - Screening of karyotype and semen quality in an artificial insemination program: acceptance and rejection criteria. AB - Semen quality and karyotype were screened in all men offering to be donors for an artificial insemination (AID) program. The criteria for accepting or rejecting semen have now been set with respect to this sample of the population. There was no evidence of differences between the pregnancy rates of the accepted donors. One of 172 potential donors with a clear medical history had a chromosomal abnormality, 4 had pericentric inversions of chromosome 9, and 14 had other heterochromatic variants. Of the recipients of AID, 5 of 196 women had chromosomal abnormalities, and 12 had heterochromatic variants. PMID- 6628710 TI - Selection of human spermatozoa according to their relative motility and their interaction with zona-free hamster eggs. AB - Human spermatozoa were separated according to their motility by centrifuging semen on discontinuous Percoll gradients. Fractions of the gradients were examined for sperm motility, velocity, viability, morphology, bacteria, and sperm function using the hamster ova sperm penetration assay. The percentage of motile sperm increased from 40% to 60% motile sperm in 60% Percoll to 90% to 100% Percoll. Sperm velocity increased proportionately. Staining showed that greater than 90% of sperm in the 100% Percoll were alive and had normal morphology, and that only sperm cells were found in Percoll concentrations greater than 80%. Sperm isolated in the 80% to 100% Percoll fractions penetrated hamster ova much more frequently than sperm found in the 60% to 70% fractions or than sperm that had not been separated on a Percoll gradient. PMID- 6628711 TI - Separation of human X- and Y-bearing sperm using percoll density gradient centrifugation. AB - Human X- and Y-bearing sperm, which were detected by the quinacrine mustard fluorescent staining method, were separated in density gradient centrifugation using Percoll (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals, Uppsala, Sweden). The apparent percentages of Y-bearing sperm in normo- and oligospermia were 46.7% +/- 3.4% (n = 13) and 46.6% +/- 1.2% (n = 10), respectively. The separation was observed to some extent in Ficoll Paque (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); then it was further achieved using Percoll. After centrifugation, sperm were distributed widely on various interfaces of the discontinuous Percoll density gradient (1.06 to 1.11 gm/ml). The content of Y-bearing sperm in the fraction lighter than 1.06 gm/ml was 73.1% +/- 3.3% and was reduced gradually along the density increment. Finally, it was found to be 27.4% +/- 3.4% in the sediment (more than 1.11 gm/ml). PMID- 6628713 TI - A comparative study of zinc, copper, cadmium, and lead levels in fertile and infertile men. AB - Eighty infertile men and 38 men of known fertility were studied for investigation of both the importance of zinc, copper, cadmium, and lead to fertility and the possible interrelationships between these trace elements. The infertile men had higher mean concentrations of plasma copper than those of proven fertility. The difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.01) but was of small magnitude (approximately 1.5 mumol mean difference). The concentrations of plasma zinc, erythrocyte zinc, whole blood lead and cadmium, and seminal plasma zinc and copper did not differ significantly between infertile and fertile men. There was a significant positive relationship between sperm density and seminal plasma zinc concentration in the fertile, but not in the infertile, men. The infertile men with antisperm antibodies or counts greater than 20 million/ml had significantly higher mean levels of seminal plasma zinc than infertile men with oligospermia. The higher semen zinc in these two groups may reflect an abnormal fragility of the spermatozoa, resulting in the release of zinc, but the absence of significant overall differences between fertile and infertile men suggests that measurement of the concentration of zinc in plasma or zinc and copper in seminal plasma has little value in the routine investigation of infertility. PMID- 6628712 TI - The effect of single-density bovine serum albumin columns on sperm concentration, motility, and morphology. AB - Experiments were conducted to determine whether single-density albumin columns could be used to improve sperm motility and morphology. Semen samples from 92 men seen at a fertility evaluation clinic were analyzed for count, motility, and morphology and centrifuged. An aliquot of the resuspended sample was then layered on top of 1 ml of a 7.5% solution of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Another aliquot was layered on top of a 10% BSA column. After 60 minutes, the sperm penetrating the bottom two thirds of the albumin layer were isolated and analyzed for count, motility, and morphology. The sperm count after exposure to both 7.5% and 10% BSA columns decreased to approximately 60% of the preisolation counts. Sperm motility was not altered by column separation at either albumin concentration, but sperm morphology significantly improved with both columns. The single-density albumin separation technique therefore improved morphology and had no effect on motility, and a reasonable number of sperm were retained after separation. Albumin separation techniques could be utilized to improve samples with morphology defects before use with artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization. It is uncertain whether this procedure would result in a higher pregnancy rate. PMID- 6628714 TI - The effect of testosterone on human chorionic gonadotropin-stimulated ovarian steroidogenesis in vivo in the baboon (Papio cynocephalus). AB - We have studied the effect of exogenously induced hyperandrogenism on the ovarian response to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the baboon. Normally cycling baboons were treated with increasing daily doses of hCG for 5 consecutive days from day 10 of the luteal phase (n = 5). Hyperandrogenic baboons received the same hCG regimen 1 hour after a Silastic capsule containing crystalline testosterone (T) had been implanted under the skin (n = 3). Control animals received an empty Silastic capsule (n = 8). All baboons were bled on alternate days from days 6 to 20 of the luteal phase, and daily during hCG treatment. T capsules induced immediate hyperandrogenism, with T levels several times greater than normal luteal phase levels. The use of hCG resulted in an increase in plasma progesterone within 24 hours and levels gradually declined thereafter. Estradiol increased rapidly and remained elevated during hCG treatment. In the presence of elevated T levels, hCG had a significantly reduced effect on the magnitude and duration of plasma progesterone increase. The effect of hCG on plasma estradiol levels was virtually eliminated in hyperandrogenic baboons. This study seems to demonstrate a direct inhibitory effect of T on ovarian steroidogenesis in vivo and may explain the ovarian changes that occur in hyperandrogenic women. PMID- 6628715 TI - Arrest of folliculogenesis and inhibition of ovulation in the monkey following weekly administration of progestins. AB - Studies were undertaken in the rhesus monkey to determine whether development of a dominant ovarian follicle could be repeatedly arrested by the administration of a progestin on day 7 of the menstrual cycle, and then every 7 days thereafter regardless of menstrual bleeding history. Progesterone (7.5 mg), norethisterone (1.5 mg), and 17 alpha-ethinyl-17 beta-methoxy-7 alpha-methyl-4-estren-3-one (1.0 or 1.5 mg) effectively inhibited ovulation when injected intramuscularly once a week for 8 weeks. Orally administered STS 557 (17 alpha-cyanomethyl-17 beta hydroxy-4,9-estradien-3-one, 1.0 mg) also inhibited ovulation. Two structurally related steroids (17 beta-methoxy-4-estren-3-one, 1.0 mg; and 17 beta-methoxy-7 alpha-methyl-4-estren-3-one, 1.5 mg) did not inhibit ovulation when given intramuscularly at the indicated doses. Although weekly administration of certain progestins effectively arrested follicular development and inhibited ovulation in the primate, the treatment was accompanied by disturbances in menstrual bleeding patterns. PMID- 6628716 TI - Evidence for a genetic factor in the etiology of premature ovarian failure. PMID- 6628717 TI - Vasectomy failure using an open-ended technique. PMID- 6628718 TI - Detection of plasmatic hCG following transfer of embryos conceived in vitro. PMID- 6628719 TI - Relaxin stimulation of sperm motility. PMID- 6628720 TI - Use of the cervical cup for home AIH. PMID- 6628721 TI - hCG treatment in oligoasthenospermia. PMID- 6628722 TI - Emotional support programs for in vitro fertilization. PMID- 6628723 TI - "Therapeutic donor insemination (TDI)" versus "artificial donor insemination (AID)". PMID- 6628724 TI - [Effect of destruction of the hyperstriatum on the differentiation of visual stimuli in chickens]. PMID- 6628725 TI - [Effect of mountain climate on higher nervous activity in healthy and anemic women]. PMID- 6628726 TI - [Human immunological reactivity in a mountain climate]. PMID- 6628727 TI - [Experimental injury of the aorta of rabbits of various ages by immune complexes]. PMID- 6628728 TI - [Changes in the spectrum of lymphocyte major nuclear proteins in immune response formation to skin alloantigens]. PMID- 6628729 TI - [Effect of destruction and stimulation of the ventromedial area of the hippocampus on the sex system of male albino rats with intact and removed hypophysis]. PMID- 6628731 TI - [Effect of blood loss on changes in neutrophil lysosomal enzyme activities and on blood pressure]. PMID- 6628730 TI - [Blood levels of sex steroids in pregnant american mink]. PMID- 6628732 TI - [Physiological resistance of man to ergothermal exposures]. PMID- 6628733 TI - [Effect of immunoglobulins from patients with complicated thyrotoxicosis on the neurons of the rabbit cerebral and cerebellar cortex]. PMID- 6628734 TI - [Effect of hypothalamus stimulation on blood levels of various trace elements and coupled metalloenzymes]. PMID- 6628735 TI - [Effect of stimulation and destruction of the ventromedial area of the hippocampus on various indices of the adrenal function]. PMID- 6628736 TI - [Effect of destruction of the corticomedial area of the amygdaloid body on the ovaries and uterus during their sympathetic and parasympathetic denervation]. PMID- 6628737 TI - [Endocrine function of the testes and glucocorticoid activity of the adrenal cortex in experimental sclerosis of the prostate]. PMID- 6628738 TI - [Relation of the rate of thrombogenesis in a column with activated charcoal and the state of blood coagulation]. PMID- 6628739 TI - [Effect of chloditan on serum lipid metabolism in rabbits]. PMID- 6628740 TI - [Mechanism of activation of the bile-forming liver function by mineral water "Naftusia"]. PMID- 6628742 TI - [A method of quantitative evaluation of the carotid sinus and aortic baroreceptor reflexes]. PMID- 6628741 TI - [Effect of glycine on peripheral mechanisms of regulation of autonomic functions]. PMID- 6628743 TI - [Maturation of neuronal elements of the cerebellum in tissue culture]. AB - The morphological and electrophysiological indices of the process of nervous cells differentiation were observed in the organotypical cerebellar culture of the newborn mice. The cerebellar cells reached the morphological maturity in the 18-21 day culture. The membrane potential augmentation began in the 6-7 day culture and reached the magnitude typical for the definitive stage of neuron (65 75 mV), in the 9-10 day culture. Spontaneous APs were recorded only in the 10-12 day culture, their characteristics being sharply different from those of the mature neuron. The difference reduced by the 16-18th day. The final maturity of cerebellar neurons, however as indicated by the AP, occurred still later and correlated with formation of the specific sensitivity of these cells to acetylcholine. PMID- 6628744 TI - [Morpho-functional organization of the optic thalamic system in the frog]. AB - Histological and electrophysiological studied of the frog thalamus localized more precisely the Bellonci and the posteriorthalamic nuclei in the diencephalon. Responses of the thalamic neurons have been characterized as well as the specifics of their receptive fields as compared with the tectum neurons. Large heterogeneous receptive fields with prevailing excitatory response were shown to predominate in the frog diencephalon. PMID- 6628745 TI - [Cardiostimulating action of liposome-incorporated noradrenaline during adrenergic-receptor block]. AB - Norepinephrine (NE) contained in liposomes increased myocardial contractility and raised the blood pressure with no bradycardia or arrhythmia. NE exerted this cardiostimulating effect in condition of complete adrenoreceptor blockade. Separate infusion of NE and liposomes restored the sensitivity of the adrenergic structures in adrenergic blockade. Modified effect of liposome-entrapped NE depends on liposome effect upon the cell membrane and on concentration of NE in the blood. PMID- 6628746 TI - [Patterns in the inhibition of adrenergic response by catecholamines]. AB - Alterations of adrenergic reaction under the effect of norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), phenylephrine (Ph) and isopropylnorepinephrine (ISO) were studied in isolated segments of the rat small intestine. The dissociation constants of adrenoreceptors with NE, E, Ph and ISO were found to be 5.1 +/- 0.70 X 10(-7) M, 1.20 +/- 0.30 X 10(-7) M, 7.60 +/- 1.40 X 10(-7) M, 1.40 +/- 0.02 X 10(-7) M, resp. Ph, NE, E, were shown to begin to function in 10-20 sec as competitive inhibitors of the adrenergic reaction with Ki 2.20 +/- 0.80 X 10(-7) M, 6.80 +/- 1.20 X 10(-7) M, 0.30 +/- 0.09 X 10(-7) M, resp., and ISO as an inhibitor of a mixed type with Ki of competitive inhibition 1.80 +/- 0.05 X 10( 7) M and Ki of the noncompetitive one 0.37 +/- 0.04 X 10(-7) M. The autoinhibition seems to take part in adrenergic process control chiefly through a considerable catecholamine release from nerve endings and adrenals in extreme conditions. PMID- 6628747 TI - [Neurotrophic control of the mechanism of action potential generation in frog muscle fibers]. AB - Muscle denervation or blockade of axoplasmic transport with colchicine exert no effect on the AP rate of rise, or phase of repolarization, amplitude of overshoot, critical revel of depolarization, or their sensitivity to tetrodotoxin in frog skeletal muscle fibers. But under these conditions the difference in the rate of AP rise in sensitive and insensitive to acetylcholine zones of muscle's membrane disappears, APa become resistant against ouabain, and 36% of examined fibers display rhythmic spike activity after a single depolarizing stimulum. Adrenaline increases and high Ca2+ concentration or disruption of muscle fiber's sarcoplasmic tubules in opposite side decrease the number of fibers with the rhythmic spike activity. The activity seems to be due to changes in regenerative ion permeability and ion pump of skeletal muscle fiber membrane which are under the neurotrophic control. The substances transported to the muscle with axoplasmic flow take part in this mechanism. PMID- 6628748 TI - [Concentration of gastrin in serum, gastric and duodenal tissues and gastric argentaffin cells following administration of pancreozymin and glucagon]. AB - In acute experiments on rats, pancreozimine and glycagon increased 2-3 fold the gastrin contents in the blood serum and duodenum tissues. Within 15 min of glycagon administration the gastrin contents increased 2 fold and then reduced in the mucosa of the stomach antral portion. Administration of pancreozimine elicited the opposite effect. After the action of these hormones the amount of argentaffine cells obviously decreased in the stomach antral portion. PMID- 6628749 TI - [Effect of pentagastrin on the closing pressure of the inferior esophageal sphincter and gastroesophageal reflux]. AB - By means of pull--through perfusion manometry and by means of continuous intraoesophageal pH measurements comparative study on a uniform group of patients (n = 34) has shown that pentagastrin (Acignost R) at a dosage of 6 mg/kg body weight administered subcutaneously increases mean sphincter pressure and total reflux duration. PMID- 6628750 TI - [Effect of increased mechanical loading on the relation between the contraction of isolated cardiac muscle and the concentration of Ca++ in the perfusate]. AB - The distension of isolated papillary muscles working isotonically or a transition to isometric working entailed an increased sensitivity of the contractile velocity to changes in perfusate Ca++ concentration. After sudden fall in Ca++ concentration, a more rapid decline of the contractile velocity in isometric mode was observed as compared to isotonic mode of working. The similar difference was found in experiments on isolated guinea pig heart working in isovolumic or auxotonic modes, though the rate of Ca++ loss by the heart was the same. The results suggest that an increased mechanical load may diminish the ability of myocardial cells to compensate for the changes in external Ca++. PMID- 6628751 TI - [Dynamics of local vascular reactions during increased brain activity]. AB - The dynamics of dilatant responses of the pial microvascular system was investigated under conditions of increased cortical activity due to direct application of suprathreshold concentrations of strychnine in experiments on adult rabbits using direct cinemicrography. The diameter of the following interconnected segments of pial arteries was measured in every frame of the film: comparatively large pial arteries (LPA), sphincters at off-shoots of smaller branches (SO), minor pial arteries (MPA), and precortical arteries (PCA). The experiments showed that the order of values of dilatant responses was: PCA greater than SO greater than MPA greater than LPA. The order of the latencies was: PCA less than SO less than MPA less than LPA. The revealed behaviour of the pial microvascular system maintains the adequacy of local blood supply as well as the elimination of the "steal phenomenon" in the neighbouring cortical areas. PMID- 6628752 TI - [Analysis of the mechanism of the hypothermic action of neurotropic drugs]. AB - Hypothermic action of neurotropic drugs (Oxotremorine, Nicotine, Isoprenaline, Seduxene) is evaluated by means of suppression of shivering thermogenesis. The action is accounted for by their influence of the brain stem level of the postural muscular tension regulation rather than by selective action of these drugs on the hypothalamic thermoregulatory centre. PMID- 6628753 TI - [Seasonal features of the effect of low temperature on cerebral monoamine oxidase activity and sensitivity of the rat to hyperoxia]. AB - During winter-spring period, animals staying for three days at 2 degrees C develop changes in the substrate specificity of the rat brain mitochondria type A monoamine oxidase. Activity of the blood serum glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, total peroxidase activity and extraerythrocyte hemoglobin level increase as a result of erythrocyte membrane damage. Rat hyperbaric oxygen sensitivity during this period increases. In autumn, 3-day cold exposure causes no changes in the above biochemical indices or hyperbaric oxygen sensitivity. PMID- 6628755 TI - [Relation between osmo- and volume-regulation in mammals with different renal capacities for osmotic concentration of urine]. AB - The effect of increase in osmolarity of the blood on osmotic and volume controls has been investigated in Wistar rats, Brattleboro rats and big gerbil by means of i. v. administration of polyethyleneglycol-400 (PEG). PEG injections (0.17 ml/100 g) increased osmolarity of the blood by 3-4% in rodents of the species under study; concentrations of sodium, potassium and urea changed unequally. Significant differences were revealed when comparing the work of kidneys: the diuresis elevated by 55.7 times in Wistar rats and their renal sodium and urea excretions exceeded more than two-fold the level of that at the peak of the diuresis in big gerbil and Brattleboro rat. PEG excretion rate was significantly lower in latters than in Wistar rats. The data obtained suggest that the volume regulation is predominant under osmotic control in Brattleboro rat and in big gerbil. PMID- 6628754 TI - [Effect of dopamine on transport of organic substances in dog kidneys]. AB - I. v. infusion of dopamine increased diuresis, glomerular filtration rate, maximal reabsorption of glucose and tubular secretion of cardiotrast. Infusion of dopamine into the renal artery did not affect glomerular filtration rate and tubular secretion of cardiotrast while maximal reabsorption rate of glucose was increased. Dopamine exerted some direct effect on the transport of glucose, which effect can be blocked with haloperidol. PMID- 6628756 TI - [Spatial organization of visual cortex neurons during stimulation with light spots]. PMID- 6628757 TI - [Analysis of mechanisms of the accelerating effect of the vagus nerve on the work of the heart]. PMID- 6628758 TI - [Effect of 11-deoxyprostaglandin E1 on secretion of gastric juice]. PMID- 6628759 TI - [Role of temporal parameters of the interspike interval in temperature coding]. PMID- 6628760 TI - [Strength-measuring elements for recording the contractile characteristics of muscles]. PMID- 6628761 TI - [Device for automatic injection of pharmacologic agents]. PMID- 6628762 TI - [Anesthesia in laboratory animals during combined treatment with steady and pulsed currents]. PMID- 6628763 TI - [Spontaneous spike activity of the head of the caudate nucleus after suppression of the substantia nigra]. AB - In chronic experiments on cats, microelectrode studies of the caudate nucleus' head revealed topic and functional directions of nigral influences by means of reversible suppression of different portions of its compact and reticular areas. The most obvious inhibitory influences come to the caudate nucleus' head ventromedial segment from the medial portion of the black substance. The latter's lateral and central portions expedite impulsation toward the dorso--lateral and respective medial segments with activating influences prevailing. The revealed topic distribution of functionally different nigral afferents corroborates the morphofunctional heterogeneity of the nigro--caudal relation, the latter reflecting the complexness and diversity of this subsystem's participation in the brain integrative activity. PMID- 6628764 TI - Effect of inversed illumination phases on circadian variations of Mg++ and K+ levels in the cingulate gyrus of the limbic system and on the locomotor activity in mice. PMID- 6628765 TI - Malignant transplantable tumour with leukaemoid reaction in mice. PMID- 6628766 TI - The influence of prostaglandin PGF1 alpha on the neurosecretory neurons of Periplaneta americana. PMID- 6628767 TI - Histological and histochemical investigation of the internal organs of rats treated with titanium dioxide. PMID- 6628768 TI - Disturbances of liver and muscle glycogen level as well as blood glucose level in mice following administration of lectin extracted from Robinia pseudoacacia L. PMID- 6628769 TI - [Changes in testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in the rat submandibular gland during development]. AB - The present investigation deals with the changing profile of testosterone (T) and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) concentrations in the rat submandibular gland (SMG) with age. T and DHT concentrations in SMG from male and female Wistar Rats 0 to 10 weeks of age were measured by a specific radioimmunoassay. T and DHT in male and female SMG showed lower values until 3 weeks (4.5 +/- 1.5 ng/g). However, at 4 weeks of age, T levels greatly increased, revealing 15.1 +/- 6.3 ng/g for males and 18.4 +/- 6.6 ng/g for females. And thereafter from 5 to 10 weeks of age, T concentrations in SMG were decreased to 3--5 ng/g. On the other hand, from 5 to 10 weeks of age, DHT concentrations in both males and females had a tendency to be accumulated, indicating approximately 1.5--3 times higher than T. It can be reasonably concluded that DHT began to be accumulated in SMG at the period of 4 to 5 weeks of age. Furthermore, it is suggested that the rat SMG demands androgen from approximately 4 weeks of age for growth and function. PMID- 6628770 TI - Pulmonary embolism and clinical decision-making in the computer age. PMID- 6628771 TI - Care of the terminally ill patient and family. PMID- 6628772 TI - Limit cycle oscillations of the human population. AB - This paper investigates a mathematical model for the growth of an age-structured population. The model includes the idea (due to Easterlin) that fertility is affected by the size of the cohort in which an individual is born. It is important to note that the model investigated represents only a reasonable first step in the direction of reality from the unrealistic assumption that mortality and fertility do not change with passing time. It is shown that this general model can lead to self-excited, persistent oscillations (called limit cycles in mathematical parlance) of the birth trajectory of the population. Using data for the United States from the twentieth century, it is shown that variations in the number of births are consistent with the model discussed. PMID- 6628773 TI - Analyzing migration decisions: the first step--whose decisions? AB - Many theories of geographic mobility assume that the change-of-residence process includes a substantial degree of choice. This paper classifies stated reasons for moving from the 1973 through 1977 Annual Housing Survey into forced, imposed, and preference-dominated categories. About 25 percent of residential mobility and 40 percent of migration occurred under conditions of substantial constraint. Mobility was most often constrained by family dynamics; for migration, occupational relocations frequently imposed the decision-to-move process and determined destinations. The volume of constrained movement indicates that its impact upon individuals, population dynamics, and voluntaristic theories of mobility deserves greater consideration. PMID- 6628774 TI - Female employment and reproductive behavior in Taiwan, 1980. AB - The impact of female employment on fertility preferences and behavior is examined with data from a 1980 national sample of Taiwanese women. The guiding hypothesis is that the greater the involvement of women in the impersonal market sector, the lower the fertility preferences, the longer the first birth interval, and the lower the actual fertility. Findings reveal that female employment in Taiwan is only weakly related to reproductive behavior. Even with increased participation of women in the modern market sector, female employment apparently has little impact on fertility preferences or behavior. Implications are drawn for policies aimed at lowering fertility. PMID- 6628776 TI - Sex of previous children and intentions for further births in the United States, 1965-1976. AB - The research reported herein, using samples of women interviewed in the 1965 and 1970 National Fertility Studies and the 1976 National Survey of Family Growth, shows that the sex of women's previous children has an effect on their subsequent fertility intentions which differs at each parity. The persistence of that effect among women with two children in particular argues strongly for including sex of previous children as an independent variable in models of fertility intentions, since the decline in family size norms makes factors which affect the decision to have (or not have) a third child increasingly important. PMID- 6628775 TI - Preference for sons, family size, and sex ratio: an empirical study in Korea. AB - This study investigates the effects of son preference on sex ratio and fertility at the family level, utilizing World Fertility Survey data for Korea, whose population is known to have a strong preference for sons and a fairly high level of contraceptive use. The sex ratio (number of males per 100 females) of siblings in small families is considerably higher than in large families. The sex ratio of last-born children in families of any size is markedly higher than that of the previous children. The sex distribution of children for a given family size, if less than five, deviates significantly from the Bernoulli sequence. The observed frequency of all-girl families is especially small in comparison with the expected value. The sex of the last child strongly influences couples' decision making regarding additional births in all steps of family building except for bearing a second child. In increasing their families to moderate size, parents appear to take into consideration the sex distribution of all earlier births. PMID- 6628777 TI - Assessing cohort birth expectations data from the Current Population Survey, 1971 1981. AB - Data from the fertility supplements to the Current Population Survey from 1971 to 1981 indicate that in the aggregate, the lifetime birth expectations of married women 18 to 39 years old in 1971 will closely approximate their completed cohort fertility. During this period, the youngest group of women, 18 to 24 years old, delayed their childbearing; their short-term expectations (1971-76) were not realized, but they made up enough births in the latter half of the decade to enable them to attain their lifetime birth expectations. In retrospect, the "failure" of birth expectations data to predict the "period" fertility downswing in the 1970s resulted not from poor predictions of married women, but rather from unanticipated marital and subsequent childbearing patterns of women who were single at the beginning of the decade. The authors conclude that birth expectations are useful predictors of completed cohort fertility, if adjustments are made to incorporate changes in the proportions married within the birth cohort. PMID- 6628778 TI - A note on maritally-disrupted men's reports of child support in the June 1980 Current Population Survey. AB - Data from the June 1980 Current Population Survey on fathers' reported provision of financial support to children from previous marriages living elsewhere is compared to previously published tabulations from the April 1979 CPS of women's receipt of child support payments. The comparison indicates that the number of men with children from previous marriages living elsewhere is substantially underreported in the June 1980 CPS. Because of the apparent underreporting, the data on the provision of financial support should be interpreted with caution. PMID- 6628779 TI - Evaluation of the Olsen technique for estimating the fertility response to child mortality. AB - In a previous issue of this journal, Olsen proposed a technique for quantifying the fertility response to child mortality. To estimate the extent of child replacement, one needs data only on the number of children ever born and the number of child deaths for each woman. The technique involves first running a regression of the number of births on the number of deaths and then correcting the regression coefficient in order to obtain a consistent estimate of replacement. Here we evaluate the performance of the technique by seeing how well it works on a simulated set of reproductive histories for which we known the true extent of replacement. In passing, we derive an extension of the technique to handle the situation in which replacement strategies are heterogeneous. We conclude that the technique performs very well, especially in those cases where the stochastic structure of the data can be diagnosed. PMID- 6628780 TI - Some new techniques for applying the housing unit method of local population estimation: further evidence. AB - The housing unit method of population estimation is often characterized as being imprecise and having an upward bias. In an earlier paper we argued that the method itself cannot be properly characterized by a particular level of precision or direction of bias. Only specific techniques of applying the method can have such characteristics. In that paper we presented several new techniques for estimating the number of households and average number of persons per household (PPH). However, the testing of these new techniques was limited by the lack of census results against which the estimates could be compared. Complete census data on population, households, and PPH are now available and can be used to test alternate estimation techniques. In this paper we replicate the tests reported in our earlier paper using 1980 census data for Florida's 67 counties. These tests provide further evidence that the new techniques produce more precise, less biased estimates than previously used techniques. PMID- 6628781 TI - [Possible differentiation of the staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and the staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome]. PMID- 6628782 TI - [Changes in the immunoreactivity of patients with dyshidrosis caused by Candida species and treated with desensitization]. PMID- 6628783 TI - [Effect of patient's serum on lymphocyte reactivity--serum factor test. Initial results in psoriasis]. PMID- 6628784 TI - Sudden death due to pulmonary complication in a patient with heredity angioneurotic edema. PMID- 6628785 TI - [Complex diagnostic and therapeutic treatment of skin and lip cancer]. PMID- 6628786 TI - [Effect of 1,4-benzoquinone-guanylhydrazone-thiosemicarbazone on B-16 melanoma in the mouse and AMel 3 melanoma in the hamster]. PMID- 6628787 TI - [Changes in the basal membrane of the seminiferous tubules in fertility disorders]. PMID- 6628788 TI - [Azintamid as a therapeutic agent in psoriasis vulgaris - a therapeutic study]. PMID- 6628789 TI - [Lethal lymphocyte damage caused by angular psoralen derivatives]. PMID- 6628790 TI - [Medical aspects of the use of UV radiation at the work place]. PMID- 6628791 TI - [Dithranol-stick prescription for simplified ambulatory psoriasis therapy]. PMID- 6628792 TI - Evaluation of the immune status in vivo by the 2,4-dinitro-1-chlorobenzene contact allergy time (DNCB-CAT). AB - The time interval from starting continuous application of 2,4-dinitro-1 chlorobenzene (DNCB) epicutaneously until the appearance of an allergic contact reaction, i.e. 'contact allergy time' (CAT), was determined. In 34 patients initially 2.0% DNCB ointment was administered for 2 days, then 0.05% DNCB ointment was applied daily (group I). In 39 patients only the 0.05% DNCB preparation was used (group II). The median of DNCB-CAT was 11.2 +/- 0.8 days in group I and 22.3 +/- 3.7 days in group II (p less than 0.01). In patients older than 55 years DNCB-CAT was significantly longer than in younger patients. The medians of DNCB-CAT did not differ in male and female patients. In contrast to the conventional DNCB-sensitization procedures, the CAT method allows one to measure induction and elicitation phase quantitatively. PMID- 6628793 TI - Lymphocytotoxicity for oral mucosa in lichen planus. AB - The in vitro effect of peripheral blood lymphocytes on syngeneic oral epithelial cells was investigated in 23 patients suffering from lichen planus of skin and/or mucous membranes and in 18 healthy sex- and age-matched volunteers as controls. A modified 51Cr release macro-assay was used. The result shows a significant lymphocytotoxic effect on the epithelial target cells, giving evidence of cytolytic activities of blood lymphocytes on autologous epithelial cells. We consider these lymphocytes to be involved in the complex pathogenesis of lichen planus. PMID- 6628794 TI - [Phototoxic activity of 5% benzoyl peroxide in man. Use of a new methodology]. AB - In order to conform to the conditions in which a 5% benzoyl peroxide compound is being used, a new methodology has been developed and applied to 24 volunteers: photobiologic tests were performed and UVB irradiation at infra- and supra-MED times of exposure as well as UVA irradiation on usually covered and usually uncovered areas, after single and multiple applications. This double-blind study (vehicle alone and active substance alone) has been carried out in each subject. UVB phototoxicity resulted in the occurrence of an erythema for an infra-MED time of exposure and/or in changes in the erythema as compared to an adjacent control area for the supra-MED time of exposure. This was found in 8 patients (33%), only on repeatedly irradiated areas, but never with the vehicle alone. No UVA phototoxicity was evidenced. This study confirms the possible phototoxic action of benzoyl peroxide after UVB exposure. It emphasizes the usefulness of repeating the applications on both covered and uncovered areas in photosensitivity tests of a substance. PMID- 6628795 TI - Acquired cutaneous toxoplasmosis. AB - We examined more than 1,400 dermatologic patients with clinically defined (but having unknown or presumably multiple etiology) affections. The investigation revealed the presence of antitoxoplasma antibodies in more than 50% of the patients, but in only 11% of the cases did the serological analyses give evidence of an active form of disease. It was possible to prove the toxoplasmic etiology of 29 cases of chronic prurigo and of 4 cases of dermatocellulitis. The same infection was involved in a few cases of different dermatoses and in two cases of dermatomyositis-like syndrome. Pseudotumoral granulomatous localizations occurred in immunosuppressed patients. We suggest an 'immunological key' to explain the polymorphism of the cutaneous manifestations. The practical interest of this new knowledge and its importance as a field of interdisciplinary studies are emphasized. PMID- 6628796 TI - [Mixed dermatophytic infection of the scalp with Trichophyton schoenleinii and Microsporum rivalieri]. PMID- 6628797 TI - A case of chronic urticaria and vitiligo, associated with thyroiditis, treated with PUVA. AB - A case of chronic urticaria and vitiligo, associated with thyroiditis is described. Significantly elevated thyromicrosomal antibodies were found. Autoimmune reaction is a possible cause of the patient's thyroid disease, vitiligo and chronic urticaria. Following PUVA treatment with a total dose of 300 J/cm2 the patient's urticaria subsided in all irradiated areas, only to relapse 2 weeks later. Subsequently courses of PUVA gave periods of remission. The treatment also induced repigmentation in the vitiliginous spots. The results indicate a local PUVA effect upon mediators or mediator-containing cells. PMID- 6628799 TI - Parameters of cell-mediated immunity in recurrent herpes simplex. AB - Cell-mediated immunity was studied by a leukocyte migration inhibition assay, tuberculin, and a DNCB skin test in 32 patients with recurrent herpes simplex infection and in 34 healthy individuals who served as controls. Migration inhibition was found to be significantly reduced in patients who had suffered from recurrences for more than 1 year as compared to the controls. DNCB and tuberculin sensitivity were also found to be impaired in the group with infections of long duration. The data presented suggest a functional defect in cell-mediated immunity in individuals suffering from recurrent herpes simplex which could be responsible for the relapses. PMID- 6628798 TI - Methylprednisolone pulse therapy in dermatomyositis. AB - A high dose of methylprednisolone (pulse therapy) was given to 3 patients with uncontrolled dermatomyositis (DM) accompanied by severe muscle weakness. The effects of pulse therapy were compared with findings in 5 patients with severe DM who were treated with the usual dose of prednisolone (controls). The pulse therapy led to an improvement in the clinical symptoms in the 3 patients with uncontrolled DM, who were in danger of aspiration pneumonia. A rapid reduction in muscle enzyme levels in this group was also evident. PMID- 6628800 TI - Purpura provoked by cold exposure in a skier. AB - Case of a previously healthy young skier who developed purpura on his lower legs after cold exposure; the patient was not taking any medicine. No disease or disturbance except the physical trauma of cold could be found to explain his purpura. PMID- 6628801 TI - Allergy to clobetasol-17-propionate (Dermovate). PMID- 6628802 TI - Preliminary report on the therapeutic effect of khellin in psoriasis. AB - A double-blind study has been performed to search for the possible effect of khellin in psoriasis. 10 patients were treated orally with khellin and subsequently exposed to sunlight for 4 months; a total of 8 cases responded positively with variable degrees of clearance. None of 10 controls had any response. A relapse-free duration of 3 years was recorded for 6 out of the 8 responders. This study would introduce the nonpsoralen compound khellin as a possible agent for the therapy of psoriasis. PMID- 6628803 TI - Elastosis perforans serpiginosa. PMID- 6628804 TI - Comparative investigations on the water content of the stratum corneum using different methods of measurement. AB - Measurements of the water content of the stratum corneum were made on the flexor side of the forearm in healthy male volunteers using direct current resistance and alternating current (1.5 and 15 kHz) electric impedance measurements, capacity measurements and measurements of transepidermal water loss. In addition, infrared-spectroscopic investigations were made using a Frustrated Multiple Internal Reflection device on unstripped skin, then on the same skin area after five and ten strippings with adhesive tape. The tests showed (except for the measurements of transepidermal water loss) all of the aforementioned test methods led to relevant measurement values. While the direct current electrical resistance measurement yielded data on the water content of the most superficial layer of the stratum corneum, it was found that the capacitor measurements gave results from the deep layers of the stratum corneum. With the alternating current impedance measurement method, both superficial and deep layers of the stratum corneum were taken into account. Comparative measurements of direct current resistance and infrared absorption after occlusion treatment revealed that under certain circumstances using both methods can lead to contradictory results. PMID- 6628805 TI - Treatment of keloids with excision and postoperative X-ray irradiation. AB - During a 9-year period 47 patients with 62 keloids, treated with excision and postoperative superficial X-ray irradiation, were included in a retrospective study. The follow-up time was 6 months to 9 years. 88% experienced a good or excellent result. Single or fractioned dose and time interval between excision and radiation did not influence the result. Hyperpigmentation was noted as a side effect in 16 of 47 patients. More favorable results were obtained in the treatment of small keloids and of keloids located in the head-neck area compared to those on the trunk and the extremities. PMID- 6628806 TI - Toxic hepatitis due to combination therapy with methotrexate and etretinate in psoriasis. AB - A case of toxic hepatitis caused by combination therapy with methotrexate and etretinate in the treatment of severe psoriasis is presented in a 47-year-old woman. The patient had received methotrexate alone for more than 10 years without any signs of severe liver damage. The liver status had been controlled by consecutive liver biopsies. The treatment was discontinued and after 2 months the liver parameters became normal. PMID- 6628807 TI - Unusual acquired hyperkeratosis: a case report. AB - The authors describe an acquired hyperkeratosis occurring in a 74-year-old male. To the authors' knowledge this disease shows a pathological picture never before described in the literature, consisting of the presence of a large number of acrosyringum-like structures not connected with the dermal sweat ducts in hyperkeratotic skin. PMID- 6628808 TI - [Changes in the loci minoris resistentiae of the dermis in photosclerosis]. AB - The resistance to traction of the dermo-epidermal junction and of the superficial vascular plexus is altered by oral photochemotherapy. The dermo-epidermal junction is weakened when the resistance of vascular walls increases. These modifications are related to the histological alterations occurring during photosclerosis induced by PUVA. PMID- 6628809 TI - [Morphological studies of papillomatosis confluens et reticularis in diabetes mellitus]. AB - Macroscopically papillomatosis confluens et reticularis (PCR) is a typical dermatosis with three different clinical forms. Histologically the characteristics are orthokeratosis, papillomatosis and hyperpigmentation. A case report of PCR and diabetes mellitus reveals further histological factors, these being interstitial and intracellular edema in the epidermis and a homogenization of collagen and rarefication of elastic fibres. Ultrastructurally intracytoplasmic lipid vacuoles in the basal and suprabasal squamous cell layer were a prominent feature. These findings could be demonstrated in normal and PCR skin, which until now has not been described in the skin of diabetes mellitus patients. The question arises if PCR can be interpreted as a symptom of a fat metabolism disease in which unknown additional factors may play a role. PMID- 6628810 TI - [Relation between plasma levels of 8-methoxypsoralen and the phototoxic effect]. AB - Plasma concentrations of 8-MOP were studied in 6 subjects at three dose levels and the minimal phototoxic dose determined after 60, 120 and 180 min. Although there is an inverse correlation between these two values, none of the eight mathematical expressions examined gave a perfect fit in all cases. PMID- 6628812 TI - Acantholytic dyskeratosis on both legs. AB - A 33-year-old woman developed pruritic lesions on both legs. There were brownish red keratotic papules, whose biopsy specimen showed acantholysis and benign dyskeratosis. The duration was approximately 8 years. We considered her as a case of persistent acantholytic dermatosis with atypical distribution. PMID- 6628811 TI - Eosinophilic fasciitis. Report of a case with features of other autoimmune disease. AB - An 80-year-old woman with eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) is presented. Besides symptoms indicative of EF, the patient expressed features of other autoimmune disease with elevated ANA, anti-DNA, serum-aldolase and thyroid autoantibodies. Glucocorticoid treatment resulted in rapid improvement of laboratory parameters and after 6 months a clinical improvement was also observed. PMID- 6628813 TI - 'Onycholemmal' horn. AB - A lesion clinically and histologically mimicking trichilemmal horn was observed in the nail apparatus of a 62-year-old woman. The term 'onycholemmal horn' is proposed for this lesion. PMID- 6628814 TI - Treatment of generalized pustular psoriasis with Ro-10-9359. AB - 4 patients suffering from generalized pustular psoriasis, von Zumbusch type, were treated with the aromatic retinoid Ro-10-9359. Lesions were completely cleared after 4 weeks of therapy. A maintenance dose was usually required to prevent relapses. Side-effects were often observed but always remained very mild. Ro-10 9359 represents the best available treatment for generalized pustular psoriasis. PMID- 6628815 TI - Prenatal diagnosis and management of omphalocele. AB - The prenatal diagnosis of omphalocele by real-time sonography is important for intrauterine and neonatal management and prognosis. The prognosis and mortality rate is determined rather by the presence of serious associated anomalies such as cardiovascular and chromosomal defects, than by the omphalocele itself. Obstetric management in the presence of an omphalocele should therefore include immediate amniocentesis for chromosomal analysis and ultrasonic scanning of the fetus for other structural abnormalities. The obstetric management should be coordinated by the neonatologist and pediatric surgeon to ensure timely and optimal care of the infant. PMID- 6628816 TI - Amniotic fluid embolism after transabdominal amniocentesis. AB - Amniotic fluid embolism following transabdominal amniocentesis is a very rare and mostly fatal event. A case history is presented with the characteristic clinical findings in addition to disseminated intravascular coagulation immediately following an amniocentesis to assess fetal lung maturity. PMID- 6628817 TI - Malignant struma ovarii. AB - Malignant struma ovarii is a very rare tumor, belonging to the group of germ cell tumors. The diagnosis is difficult and there is no agreement in the literature concerning the necessary histologic features for malignancy. A case report is presented and the problems of diagnosing are discussed. PMID- 6628818 TI - Sialic acid, sialyltransferase and neuraminidase levels in maternal plasma, urine and lymphocytes during pregnancy and post-partum period--a longitudinal study in women. AB - The total sialic (N-acetylneuraminic acid) levels were serially determined in maternal plasma, urine and lymphocytes during human pregnancy and post-partum period. The enzymes, sialyltransferase and neuraminidase, were also examined in the plasma samples. The sialic acid content of plasma and urine (expressed in terms of the creatinine content in urine) was elevated during pregnancy and increased with advancing gestation (P less than 0.001). A few days (0-6) prior to parturition there was a significant (P less than 0.01) fall in the plasma sialic acid levels, which subsequently increased again in the post-partum period (1-14 days), reaching values even greater than that observed during pregnancy. On the other hand, there was no decrease in the urinary sialic acid levels before delivery, and the post-partum values in urine, though higher than the values obtained in non-pregnant women, were not significantly greater than the levels observed during pregnancy. The sialic acid levels in lymphocytes were not altered during pregnancy. There was also no statistically significant change in serum sialyltransferase activity at any stage of pregnancy or post-partum period, while neuraminidase was not detectable in any of the plasma samples. The results are discussed with reference to the role of circulating sialic acid during pregnancy. PMID- 6628819 TI - The double uterus associated with an obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis. AB - Two patients are presented with a uterus didelphys with an obstructed hemivagina and an ipsilateral renal agenesis. Short remarks are made about the embryologic relationships between uterus and kidneys and the necessity therefore of examining the genital system when there is an anomaly in the renal system and vice versa. The therapy is excision and marsupialization of the vaginal septum. PMID- 6628820 TI - Relationship of fetal to placental size: the pig model. AB - Placental weight and macroscopic surface area are closely correlated with fetal weight throughout the second half of gestation in the pig. The limiting effect of placental size on fetal weight becomes more obvious as gestation advances. Fetal weight/placental weight ratio increases as placental weight decreases. Within individual litters, lightweight placentas have up to 150% more macroscopic surface area per unit placental weight. PMID- 6628821 TI - The effects of gestational age and chronic fetal decapitation on arterial blood pressure in the pig fetus. AB - Blood pressure was measured in anaesthetized pig fetuses decapitated at 40-43 days of gestation and in intact fetuses between 35 and 112 days of gestation (term is 114 days). In the intact fetuses arterial blood pressure increased significantly from 0.8 +/- 0.1 kPa (mean +/- SEM) at 35 days to 5.8 +/- 0.2 kPa at 112 days (P less than 0.05). The arterial blood pressure of decapitated fetuses was similar to that of intact fetuses at 70 days of gestation (2.7 +/- 0.4 kPa vs. 2.5 +/- 0.1 kPa, respectively) but did not change with increasing gestational age thereafter. Hence in late gestation (greater than 90-100 days) the arterial blood pressure of the decapitated fetuses was significantly less than that of intact fetuses (P less than 0.05). These observations demonstrate that the control of blood pressure in the pig varies with gestational age and suggest that the developmental changes occurring after about 100 days gestation require tissues within the head. PMID- 6628822 TI - Classic illustration. PMID- 6628823 TI - Distribution of surface anionic sites on mouse hybrid myelomas. AB - The surface anionic site distribution on membranes of a monoclonal antibody producing hybridoma cell line, and its two parental cells: normal spleen cells of immunized BALB/c mice and cells from a mouse myeloma line (NS-1), were investigated with the aid of the cationized ferritin (CF) labelling method, following glutaraldehyde/formaldehyde fixation of cells. The patch-like CF distribution on the hybridoma cells is similar to that of the NS-1 myeloma cells, but distinct from the even and continuous CF distribution of the immunized and nonimmunized normal spleen lymphocytes. The similarity in the formation of patch like CF heaps, both on myeloma and hybrid cells is discussed in respect to the surface charge characteristic determined by cell fusion. PMID- 6628824 TI - Differentiation of mononuclear cells into multinucleated osteoclast-like cells. AB - Experimental evidence accumulated in recent years suggests that the osteoclast is derived from the fusion of mononuclear precursors which are of hematopoietic origin. Mononuclear cells were isolated from the spleen and bone marrow of young rats in order to examine osteoclast formation. The isolated cells were placed in diffusion chambers containing devitalized bone fragments freed of soft tissue, and the chambers sealed and placed in the peritoneal cavity of host rats. The host animals were killed after 4 days, and the bone removed from the chambers for examination. Light-microscopic examination demonstrated two types of cells adjacent to the bone surface, one a flattened and elongated mononuclear cell, and the other a larger and frequently multinucleated cell which had the morphological appearance of an osteoclast. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated numerous flattened and elongated cells adjacent to the bone surface, as well as a second cell type which had dorsal membrane specializations and numerous lateral microprojections attaching to the bone surface. The second cell type was thought to correspond to the osteoclast-like cells seen with light microscopy. The observations suggest that osteoclast-like cells differentiate from mononuclear precursor cells of hematopoietic tissue. PMID- 6628825 TI - Avian phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase: effect of age, starvation and photoperiod. AB - Computer analysis of the subcellular distribution of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in adult female (Gallus domesticus) chicken liver indicates that the activity is distributed between the mitochondria and nucleus in the ratio 70: 30%. There was no activity found in the cytosol. Newly hatched chicks and 8-week old juveniles were found to have a significant soluble hepatic PEPCK activity. The particulate activity of PEPCK in the livers of juveniles raised in continuous light (24L:0D) decreased over the course of a 7-day fast while no such decrease was seen in juveniles raised in a 12-hr daylength photoperiod (12L:12D). PMID- 6628826 TI - Aminopeptidases of the rat prostatic complex and seminal vesicles: separation by gel filtration and chromatofocusing. AB - Aminopeptidases hydrolysing L-alanine-beta-naphthylamide (AlaNA), L-arginine-beta naphthylamide (ArgNA) and L-leucine-beta-napthylamide (LeuNA) were studied in homogenate and after fractionation (gel filtration, chromatofocusing) of various parts of the rat prostatic complex (ventral lobe, VP; lateral lobe, LP; posterior lobe, PP; coagulating gland, CG) and seminal vesicles (VS). Marked differences were observed in the hydrolysis rates of these substrates in the various tissues studied. After fractionation up to seven activities were separated with differences in pH-optima, pI-values, molecular weights, substrate preferences and modifier characteristics. The number of enzyme activities characteristically varied between the tissues studied. Depending on the enzyme pattern in each part the differences in hydrolysis rates of the three substrates became apparent. PMID- 6628827 TI - Turnover of ribosomes in regenerating rat liver. AB - The turnover of ribosomes was studied in regenerating liver and the rates of ribosome degradation in the proliferative (1-5 days) and post-proliferative (6-12 days) phases after partial hepatectomy compared: Ribosome turnover during the first 3 days is slower, the half-life of ribosomes being approximately 300 hr. Ribosome synthesis is markedly activated--39% synthesis rate, which corresponds to 34% accumulation rate per day. The half-life of ribosomes during the second phase is about 107 hr. The rate of synthesis falls down to 19% the net gain of ribosomes being 3% per day. PMID- 6628828 TI - Enzyme replacement therapy in porphyrias--IV. First successful human clinical trial of delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase-loaded erythrocyte ghosts. AB - A patient with chronic lead intoxication was treated with only one course of highly purified human blood aminolaevulinate dehydratase entrapped in autologous erythrocyte ghosts given intravenously. No untoward effects were observed during or after infusion. An immediate increase in the patient's erythrocyte dehydratase activity was detected 1 hr after enzyme administration, reaching its maximum and nearly normal level 2 days later, values remained unchanged for a week, to slowly diminish after 2 weeks of initiated the treatment, and finally recovered activity was kept practically leveled off for weeks. This novel therapeutic trial produced complete improvement both clinical and biochemical, showing that enzyme infusion has been beneficial and can be safely and successfully used in the treatment of human lead intoxication. PMID- 6628829 TI - Mammary origin of rat milk ribonuclease. AB - When assayed under a variety of ionic conditions rat milk RNAase activity was highest under added Ca2+, while the serum enzyme was highest in no added ion, suggesting that milk was higher in the mammary-specific, Ca2+-stimulated, RNAase than was the serum of lactating rats. The acrylamide gel electrophoresis results demonstrated that milk RNAase differed from serum RNAase both in distribution and ionic preference; all milk RNAase species strongly preferred Ca2+ while serum RNAase species had no ionic preference. The Sephacryl S200 separation accentuated these differences by showing that 98% of the total milk RNAase activity was Ca2+ stimulated and clustered in a region of higher molecular weight than the serum enzyme which again had no ionic preference. From these results, we conclude that the vast majority of milk RNAase molecules are not transported by the serum, but must originate in the alveolar cells. PMID- 6628830 TI - H4-isozyme of lactate dehydrogenase in a solution of sodium C chloride--6. The effect of oxalate and oxamate on the molecular weight. AB - Some differences between the effects of oxalate and oxamate were observed. The oxalate formed the stable tetramers and some aggregates, while the oxamate formed the mixture of dimers, tetramers, octamers and aggregates. The ratios between these molecular forms were different as the oxamate concentration was changed. In the coexistence of inhibitors and pyruvate, pyruvate may act to decrease the molecular weight and to increase the amount of aggregates. The lower molecular weight may be caused by the existence of the active complex, Ed N S1. The effect of the exchange between pyruvate and oxamate bound with enzyme complexes may be expected. PMID- 6628831 TI - Stabilization of the colchicine-binding activity of tubulin by glutathione and by dietary selenium-deficiency. AB - The lability of tubulin in supernatant fluids from rat brain was studied by measuring the loss of colchicine-binding activity. During incubation at 37 degrees C for 1 hr approximately 50% of the binding activity of rat brain supernatant fluids was lost. This loss was reduced by mercaptoethanol or reduced glutathione. Anaerobic conditions did not affect loss of binding, while oxygen markedly reduced it, especially in the presence of reduced glutathione. Supernatant fluids prepared from brains of animals deficient in selenium showed a lower loss of binding than those from selenium-supplemented controls. PMID- 6628832 TI - Ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activity during larval-pupal development of Manduca sexta. AB - Profiles of ecdysone 20-monooxygenase (E-20-M) activity in the fat body and midgut of Manduca sexta were determined during larval-pupal development. The E-20 M activities for both tissues were found to exhibit a single major fluctuation during this 10-day period of development: fat body, a 10-fold fluctuation with peak activity on day 4; midgut, a 60-fold fluctuation with peak activity on day 5. Substrate kinetics revealed that the apparent Km values of fat body and midgut monooxygenases for ecdysone were fairly constant during the instar, 2.42 X 10(-7) M and 4.67 X 10(-7) M, respectively. By contrast, the monooxygenase Vmax values in each tissue fluctuated in a manner both quantitatively and temporally coincident with the fluctuations in enzyme activity. These findings suggest that changes in E-20-M activity are a function of changes in the titer of the enzyme. The possible developmental significance of the fluctuations in E-20-M activity are discussed. PMID- 6628833 TI - Assay and identification of juvenile hormone binding proteins in Leucophaea maderae. AB - We modified a binding assay using polyethylene glycol (PEG) to precipitate bound hormone. Optimum precipitation occurred when reaction mixtures were incubated with 10-40% PEG and 1.25-2.5 mg/ml gamma-globulins for 2-90 min at 4 or 23 degrees C. Results from this assay and from the dextran-coated charcoal assay were similar. Addition of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride eliminated nonspecific esterase activity in extracts. JH III-binding macromolecules were identified in hemolymph and ovaries of Leucophaea maderae. These molecules were pronase- and heat-sensitive and saturable. Using Scatchard analysis an average KD of 2.04 (+/- 0.32) X 10(-8) M and 1.91 (+/- 0.80) X 10(-8) M was calculated for hemolymph and ovarian binding proteins. JH III had the highest affinity for binding sites, followed by JH I and JH 0. Various extraction procedures caused changes in JH affinity for both binding proteins. At high concentrations the (+) isomer and mixed isomer preparations of methoprene and hydroprene competed for binding sites. Binding proteins had no affinity for the (-) isomer or for the JH III acid. PMID- 6628834 TI - A kinetic analysis of the action of the insect prothoracicotropic hormone. AB - A modified in vitro assay was used to assess the kinetics of activation and the decay of activation of the prothoracic glands (PG) by the prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) in Manduca sexta. Time-courses of ecdysone synthesis by PTTH activated day 3 larval and day 0 pupal PG were comparable both quantitatively and temporally, but dose-responses of PTTH activation revealed that larval glands were 1.8 times more sensitive to the neurohormone. The exposure time necessary for maximal activation of the PG by PTTH was the same for both glands, with half maximal activation in approximately 0.5 min. Once PTTH was removed the rate of ecdysone synthesis by larval and pupal PG remained constant for about 2 h, after which the activated response for both glands decayed rapidly, reaching the unactivated basal synthesis rate within 45 min. These kinetics data suggest that PG activation by PTTH in vitro occurs in a manner indicative of activation in situ and, thus, that this in vitro system is suitable for probing the molecular mechanism by which PTTH activates the PG. PMID- 6628835 TI - Uptake and retention of moulting hormones by the integument of crayfishes in vitro. II. Influence of metabolic inhibitors and sulphydryl group inhibitors. AB - Antimycin A and 2,4-dinitrophenol reduced both the initial uptake and the total uptake of ecdysone into crayfish hypodermis in vitro. Antimycin A did not reduce the retention of moulting hormone, in contrast to 2,4-dinitrophenol. The inhibitory effect of antimycin A could be completely overcome. The membrane mediated ecdysteroid uptake was sensitive to the sulphydryl group inhibitors N ethylmaleinimide (NEM) and p-chloromercuriphenylsulphonate (PCMPS). Inhibition of steroid uptake by PCMPS was completely reversed by dithiothreitol. PMID- 6628836 TI - Quantitative vitreous fluorophotometry in insulin-treated cystic fibrosis patients. AB - A series of 22 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) of similar clinical severity (9 with normal carbohydrate tolerance and 13 with insulin-treated fasting hyperglycemia) was examined with quantitative vitreous fluorophotometry. All of the CF patients studied had normal fundi on ophthalmoscopy, fundus photographs, and fluorescein angiography. Mean vitreous fluorescein concentration in the CF patients whose hyperglycemia was treated with insulin (11.79 ng/ml) was significantly higher than in CF patients with normal carbohydrate tolerance (6.98 ng/ml, P less than 0.005). Thus, CF patients with fasting hyperglycemia demonstrate a breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier. When CF patients with fasting hyperglycemia were compared with age- and sex-matched type I diabetics, there was no significant difference in mean vitreous fluorescein accumulation. Thus, breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier, one of the earliest detectable functional abnormalities that may be associated with the microangiopathy of diabetes mellitus, also occurs with equal frequency and severity in the diabetes secondary to pancreatic fibrosis associated with CF. PMID- 6628837 TI - Membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava and systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - A 37-year-old woman who presented with systemic lupus erythematosus was found to have a membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava above the hepatic veins, with an extensive collateral circulation. The obstruction was relieved by a renal vein-right atrial interposition graft, and this was followed by disappearance of the anti-nuclear and anti-DNA antibodies. We postulate that the systemic lupus erythematosus might have been provoked by life-long immune stimulation due to bowel-derived antigens bypassing the hepatic reticuloendothelial system and reaching the systemic circulation, or by immune hyperreactivity associated with the abnormal abdominal venous circulation. PMID- 6628838 TI - Chronic hepatitis after successive halothane anesthetics. AB - A woman with cancer of the cervix had over a 4-week period three anesthetics with halogenated anesthetic agents, halothane, enflurane and halothane. 1 day after the third halothane anesthetic she developed fever and jaundice with biochemical evidence of severe hepatitis. Liver biopsy 10 days after the onset of jaundice showed features of acute hepatitis with bridging necrosis and piecemeal necrosis. A second biopsy after 10 months showed quiescent cirrhosis with residual piecemeal necrosis. The case is reported as a further example of halothane hepatitis evolving to cirrhosis of the liver. PMID- 6628839 TI - An international study of agglutinins to Eubacterium, Peptostreptococcus and Coprococcus species in Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and control subjects. AB - The world-wide occurrence of agglutinating antibodies to four coccoid anaerobes belonging to Eubacterium, Peptostreptococcus and Coprococcus spp. was investigated in 937 coded sera from patients suffering from Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, various other diseases and from healthy controls. Positive results were found in 59% of patients with Crohn's disease, 29% of patients with ulcerative colitis, and 8% of both diseased and healthy control subjects. Patients with Crohn's disease of the colon had more positive tests (67%) than patients with disease confined to the small bowel (46%). The results show that agglutinating antibodies to the coccoid anaerobes occur more frequently in patients with Crohn's disease than in other subjects in widely varying geographic regions. PMID- 6628840 TI - Serum bile acid levels in children with chronic persistent hepatitis and chronic aggressive hepatitis. AB - A statistical study was carried out to determine if fasting serum bile acid levels are clinically useful in differentiating children with chronic persistent hepatitis from children with chronic aggressive hepatitis. Serum bile acid levels were determined in 27 patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis, 41 with chronic persistent hepatitis and 55 control children. Several other biochemical tests of liver function were also determined in these children. There were significant differences in the mean fasting serum bile acid levels between chronic hepatitis patients and control children (p less than 0.001). These levels were significantly higher for the chronic aggressive group than the chronic persistent hepatitis group (p less than 0.001). Other biochemical 'hepatic function' tests did not show statistically different values between these two groups. Using stepwise discriminant analysis for the biochemical 'liver function' tests studied, only serum bile acid levels are able to distinguish statistically between chronic aggressive hepatitis and chronic persistent hepatitis children. These data suggest that fasting serum bile acid levels may have clinical utility in identifying children with asymptomatic chronic hepatitis and differentiating between chronic aggressive hepatitis and chronic persistent hepatitis children. PMID- 6628841 TI - Effect of endoscopic sphincterotomy on bile acid pool size and bile lipid composition in man. AB - The effect of endoscopic sphincterotomy on bile acid pool size and lipid composition was studied in 3 patients with an intact gallbladder and in 7 patients who had previous cholecystectomy. Measurements were made at two time intervals after endoscopic sphincterotomy, early (3-9 days) and late (6-9 months). Patients with an intact gallbladder showed a marked reduction in their total bile acid pool during follow-up examinations (95.3 +/- SD 14.0 vs. 18.6 +/- 8.1 mumol/kg), whereas in the cholecystectomized patients the pool size showed no significant change (29.4 +/- 13.4 vs. 26.6 +/- 11.4 mumol/kg). The reduction in bile acid pool size caused by sphincterotomy in patients with an intact gallbladder did not increase the degree of cholesterol saturation in hepatic bile. PMID- 6628842 TI - Excretion of azlocillin and mezlocillin by the normal pancreas and in acute pancreatitis in dogs and rats. AB - Dogs and rats were studied to evaluate the excretion of two new acyl ureidopenicillins, azlocillin and mezlocillin, in the pancreatic fluid. After intravenous administration of 55 mg X kg-1 of either drug, an extremely low concentration (less than 3.0 micrograms X ml-1) of both antibiotics was measured in pancreatic juice of conscious dogs. In rats, both azlocillin and mezlocillin were excreted by the pancreas in bactericidal concentrations (greater than 10 micrograms X ml-1) during the first 15 min following their injection. In anesthetized dogs and rats in which acute pancreatitis was induced by injection of sodium taurocholate into the main pancreatic duct, the tissue concentration of mezlocillin (55 mg X kg-1 i.v.) was significantly higher than in the pancreatic tissue of control animals. In both instances, bactericidal concentrations of mezlocillin were measured in the pancreatic tissue. During the first 30 min following its injection, the concentration of mezlocillin was about five times higher in inflammed pancreatic tissue than in the normal pancreas (dogs: 44 +/- 14 vs. 5 +/- 3 micrograms X g-1 tissue; rats: 67 +/- 10 vs. 13 +/- 2 micrograms X g-1). These data indicate that (1) azlocillin and mezlocillin are excreted in bactericidal concentrations by the normal pancreas only in rats but not in dogs, and (2) in both species, bactericidal concentrations of mezlocillin can be observed in the normal pancreatic tissue and in acute pancreatitis; its concentration being significantly higher in acute pancreatitis than in controls. PMID- 6628843 TI - Separation of cholera enterotoxin-induced mucus secretion from electrolyte secretion in rabbit ileum by acetazolamide, colchicine, cycloheximide, cytochalasin B and indomethacin. AB - In vivo rabbit ileal loops were prepared and inoculated with purified cholera enterotoxin (CT). After a lag period of about 1 h there was persistent stimulation of water and electrolyte secretion and a transient stimulation of mucus secretion into the luminal fluid. Repeated intraluminal inoculation of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) caused a pattern of water, electrolyte and mucus secretion which was qualitatively the same as that following CT, except that no lag period was observed. Doses of the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, the microtubule disrupter, colchicine, and the microfilament disrupter, cytochalasin B, were found that inhibited CT-induced mucus secretion but not water and electrolyte secretion. The carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, acetazolamide, inhibited CT-induced water and electrolyte secretion without inhibiting the mucus secreted over a 5-hour test period. Thus a variety of agents can be used to demonstrate a separation of intestinal water and electrolyte secretion from mucus secretion. The prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, indomethacin, also inhibited CT induced water, electrolyte and mucus secretion, but no dose of this agent was found that completely separated the water and electrolyte from the mucus secretion. PMID- 6628844 TI - Plasma lactoferrin levels in patients with chronic calcifying pancreatitis. AB - Lactoferrin is a nonenzymatic secretory protein of human pancreas specifically increased in the external pancreatic secretion of patients with chronic calcifying pancreatitis. The possibility of an elevated concentration of plasma lactoferrin level in these patients needed to be explored even if the low pancreatic concentration of the protein did not favor this hypothesis. As expected, no increase could be observed between the plasma lactoferrin level of 16 patients with chronic calcifying pancreatitis (131 +/- 15 micrograms/l), compared to 17 controls (166 +/- 11 micrograms/l) and 15 patients with different organic diseases (187 +/- 18 micrograms/l). PMID- 6628845 TI - A central auditory evaluation protocol: a guide for training and diagnosis of lesions of the central system. AB - The current paper is a tutorial regarding central auditory evaluation (CAE). Evaluation of lesions of the central auditory nervous system is an area of growing interest and activity. A variety of behavioral and electrophysiological methods has been described to detect lesions affecting auditory structures and tracts of the brain stem and cortical levels. In order to foster an organized and rational approach to CAE, the following topics are discussed: prerequisite knowledge needed to perform CAE; the role of history and the basic evaluation; hypothesis formulation; a two-stage CAE protocol, presented in a coded, diagrammatic fashion; and several caveats regarding factors which may complicate test interpretation. Subject variables and additional criteria to be considered in test selection and data interpretation are described. The tutorial is presented in an effort to promote development and refinement of the CAE battery through its systematic application. PMID- 6628846 TI - The hearing-impaired infant: patterns of identification and habilitation. AB - The 1982 Position Statement by the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing recommends that infants at risk for hearing impairment be screened by 3 mos of age and that the diagnostic process be completed an habilitation begun by 6 mos of age. How close to this ideal actual practice comes in an urban setting is the subject of this study, Data on 88 infants referred to a hospital-based parent-infant program were retrospectively examined to determine the occurrence of risk factors and at what ages: (1) hearing loss was first suspected, (2) hearing loss was diagnosed, and (3) habilitation was initiated. Results indicate that over one-quarter of all hearing-impaired infants will not manifest any of the risk factors proposed in the 1982 Position Statement and that regardless of whether the infant graduates from a neonatal intensive care unit or well-baby nursery, the median age for enrollment in a parent-infant program is a year or more later than the 1982 recommendation. PMID- 6628847 TI - Predictability of real ear hearing aid performance from coupler measurements. AB - Results comparing hearing aid performance utilizing probe microphones with performance measured in a commercial hearing aid test box using an HA-2 coupler are presented. Sixteen hearing-impaired subjects (23 ears) were divided into two groups. Group I utilized unvented earmolds with short canals and large bores; group II utilized unvented earmolds with long canals and small bores. Results revealed that large individual differences across frequencies as well as within and between groups preclude predicting how a hearing aid will perform on a real ear from test box measurements. PMID- 6628848 TI - Verification of the corrected Staggered Spondaic Word (SSW) score in adults with cochlear hearing loss. AB - Traditionally, tests of central auditory function have been limited when hearing loss is present. By design the Staggered Spondaic Word (SSW) test incorporates a correction procedure which attempts to account for the effects of peripheral distortion. Results obtained in the present study, based on 92 adult males with bilateral, cochlear hearing loss, showed no significant change in corrected SSW (C-SSW) scores in cases with a pure-tone average less than 50 dB. Uncorrected (R SSW) scores were highly correlated with the word discrimination score, but this relationship was neutralized when the correction procedure was applied. An effect of hearing loss on the C-SSW was found to plateau after 50 dB Hl. The change in C SSW may shift the performance category to a poorer range. Use of the C-SSW appears not to be compromised by cochlear hearing loss up to 50 dB. However, cross-validation of SSW scores with other audiometric results should be used particularly in cases of cochlear hearing loss greater than 40 to 50 dB. PMID- 6628849 TI - Cochlear dysfunction in "normal-hearing" patients with history of noise exposure. AB - Cochlear integrity was assessed in patients with normal hearing but history of noise exposure by means of aural-overload measurements and discrimination of high frequency words in noise. Results show that previously noise-exposed subjects exhibit statistically poorer discrimination than nonexposed subjects. Correlation studies between speech discrimination and aural-overload threshold were also indicative of cochlear damage in the noise-exposed subjects. PMID- 6628850 TI - List equivalency of the CID everyday sentences (Harris revision) under three signal-to-noise ratios. AB - The primary purpose of this study was to determine list equivalency of Harris' revision of the CID Everyday Sentence Lists under three signal-to-noise ratios: O dB, --3 dB, and --6 dB. On the basis of list means, nonsignificant groupings of lists were found at each noise level; however, lists were not equivalent at any level on the basis of a +/- 10% standard error or measurement (95% confidence interval). It is concluded that Harris' revision of the CID Everyday Sentences should not be used in their present form for intraindividual comparisons. PMID- 6628851 TI - Correcting for ear canal collapse during audiometry. AB - The hearing thresholds of 20 subjects with normal hearing and normal ear canals and two subjects with collapsible ear canals were measured at octave frequencies from 250 to 8000 Hz under standard transducers (TDH-39) fitted with standard cushions (MX-41/AR) and experimental cushions (Telephonics 266CIII). When correction factors based on normal threshold differences were applied, thresholds obtained under the experimental cushion reasonably approximated the actual hearing of individuals with collapsible canals. PMID- 6628852 TI - Auditory brain stem response testing in infants with collapsed ear canals. AB - Auditory brain stem response (ABR) testing can provide valuable information about hearing in neonates. However, it is subject to a number of interpretive errors, not all of which have yet been resolved. Collapsing ear canals are one of these, as this report documents. We hypothesize that the quite common incidence of canal collapse in this age group, along with other transient conductive defects, may help to explain the 1:10 and 1:20 incidences of significantly abnormal ABRs in neonatal screening. PMID- 6628854 TI - A comment on "The Collapsed Earmold Phenomenon". PMID- 6628855 TI - Telidon and health care: a CHA project. PMID- 6628853 TI - Bone-conduction masking for threshold assessment in auditory brain stem response testing. AB - The viability of applying Sensorineural Acuity Level (SAL) audiometry to auditory brain stem response (ABR) testing was investigated using 38 subjects with normal hearing, conductive, sensorineural, and mixed hearing losses. The stimuli were clicks, 4000, 2000, and 1000 Hz tone-pips. After ABR thresholds (ABRt) were obtained, bone-conducted noise was used to mask the response to a stimulus 5 dB above ABR threshold (ABRt + 5). Estimates of behavioral bone-conduction thresholds were made by observing the amount of noise needed to mask ABRt + 5. Estimates of behavioral air-conduction thresholds were based upon ABRt. Results indicated that ABRt was within +/- 10 dB of behavioral air-conduction threshold across subject groups at least 74% of the time for all tone-pip stimuli. ABRt was within +/- 15 dB of the pure-tone average of 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz 75% of the time when click stimuli were used. Derived bone-conduction thresholds were within +/- 10 dB of the actual bone-conduction threshold at least 73% of the time for all stimuli. It was concluded that, when used in a conservative manner, the application of SAL audiometry to ABR testing may increase the reliability and confidence with which decisions are made concerning the type and degree of hearing loss in difficult-to-test patients. PMID- 6628856 TI - UBC hospital: a computer in every corner. PMID- 6628858 TI - User education: a basic program. PMID- 6628857 TI - University of Alberta Hospitals: tandem is all heart. PMID- 6628860 TI - Telecommunications--a look at Bell's SL-1 system. PMID- 6628859 TI - NMR in Canada--a new dawn. PMID- 6628861 TI - Interconnection: a new ring for St. Joseph's. PMID- 6628862 TI - Travelling ultrasound program serves small centres. PMID- 6628863 TI - Communication: key to infection control. PMID- 6628864 TI - The nursing process and infection control. PMID- 6628865 TI - Management assistance alternative to private management. PMID- 6628866 TI - Coping with constraints: a six-step plan. PMID- 6628867 TI - Changing concepts in mental health. PMID- 6628868 TI - Forensic psychiatry--nurses' attitudes revealed. PMID- 6628869 TI - Psychiatric treatment--SBURs estimate bed needs. PMID- 6628870 TI - Nursing: using workload measurement systems. PMID- 6628871 TI - Setting standards for home care devices. PMID- 6628872 TI - Telecommunications: the market is ripe. PMID- 6628873 TI - Graphic arts: a glimpse of the next decade. PMID- 6628874 TI - Blood collection while using a continuous glucose analyzer without insertion of an additional venous catheter. AB - A new method for continuous blood collection using the Biostator is described. Blood is withdrawn through the double lumen catheter by a tube installed in the optional channel of the infusion pump. The amount of blood withdrawn from the patient is slightly greater than that necessary for continuous glucose analysis; the excess blood can be collected into assay tubes. Blood collection is continuous and produces a sample of diluted heparinized blood. The volume of blood collected depends on the size of the tube used, i.e. for a tube with a lumen diameter of 0.020 inches, the mean (+/- SD) volume collected was 1.21 +/- 0.07 ml/10 min (n = 13). The mean time interval between sampling and arrival at the glucose sensor by the double lumen catheter was 119 versus 108 s with the conventional method. The proposed modification does not affect blood glucose measurements (correlation coefficient compared with the reference method r = 0.9572; n = 13). To compensate for blood dilution, a dilution-factor depending on tubing diameter has to be calculated in each experiment. PMID- 6628875 TI - Extending the range of blood glucose measurements with Dextrostix and a reflectance meter. AB - The useful range of blood glucose measurements with Dextrostix can be extended by varying the incubation time and making appropriate corrections to the observed values. PMID- 6628876 TI - Sympathetic nerve failure in diabetes. AB - Sympathetic damage is a striking feature of diabetic neuropathy, probably much more common and important than previously suspected. Degeneration of arterial medial smooth muscle with subsequent medial calcification is a feature of diabetic neuropathy and represents a structural abnormality probably resulting from sympathetic denervation. Loss of vasomotor control is responsible not only for postural hypotension but also for the remarkable increase of peripheral blood flow and arteriovenous shunting in the neuropathic foot. Demineralisation of bones and neuroarthropathic bone and joint destruction may result. Intractable oedema is another consequence of these haemodynamic abnormalities, while in other cases there is a close association of sympathetic defects with painful neuropathies. The possibility of new treatments using sympathomimetic agents to reverse these abnormalities now exists, and ephedrine has already been shown to be highly effective in reducing neuropathic oedema. PMID- 6628877 TI - Implanted constant basal rate insulin infusion devices for Type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetic patients. AB - A multi-phase study was undertaken to compare the metabolic effect on unstable Type 1 diabetic patients of optimized conventional treatment with that of external or implantable insulin delivery devices. External units were programmed to simulate implantable constant basal rate insulin infusion pumps with additional insulin doses given by subcutaneous injection or delivered by the pump. The study was continued using external devices with an optimal, meal adjusted insulin profile simulating programmable, remote-controlled, implantable devices. Such good metabolic control was achieved using the constant insulin infusion, supplemented by two subcutaneous injections of insulin daily, that it justified the implantation of constant rate pumps in five Type 1 patients. Patients with the implanted devices achieved a near-normal life style, experienced significantly fewer hypoglycaemic reactions and had significantly improved glycosylated haemoglobin A1 and mean blood glucose values. PMID- 6628878 TI - A model for the prestalk/prespore patterning in the slug of the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - We propose that the prestalk/prespore pattern in Dictyostelium is generated in two steps: In a first process, an intermingled, non-position dependent prestalk/prespore pattern is generated by a cell-restricted autocatalysis and the antagonistic action of a long-ranging substrate which becomes depleted during this autocatalysis. By computer simulations we show that the assumed interaction accounts for several experimentally observed features of the prestalk/prespore pattern: The size-independent ratio of both cell types, the pattern regulation after removal of one cell type, the development towards one or the other pathway before the slug obtains its final shape or even before aggregation is completed. Our hypothetical substrate may be identical with an experimentally found differentiation-inducing factor (DIF). Alternative molecular realizations of the basic mechanism are discussed. A second process leads to the aggregation of the prestalk cells in a particular region of the aggregate, the future tip region. Interactions which enable tip formation and the coupling between the prestalk/prespore and the tip-forming system are discussed. Our model shows that the formation of a single large patch of differentiated cells and its size regulation requires conflicting parameters. By a separation into a mechanism which determines the position and a second one which determines the size of a structure, each mechanism can be optimized individually without requiring compromises for the other. Such a separation also seems to occur in other developmental systems. PMID- 6628879 TI - Different synthetic profiles and developmental fates of prespore versus prestalk proteins of Dictyostelium. AB - Depending upon environmental conditions, developing cells of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum may enter a slug stage in which the cell mass migrates in response to gradients of light and temperature. This developmental stage has often been used to study the divergent differentiation of the cells that will subsequently form spores and stalk in the mature fruiting body. However, still debated is the extent to which the differentiation evident in slug cells is a precondition for development of the mature cells in fruits. Using two dimensional gel electrophoresis of polypeptides, we have examined the proteins made by prespore and prestalk cells of migrating slugs and by maturing spore and stalk cells. The data indicate that many of the cell-type specific polypeptides in prespore cells of slugs persist as cell-type specific polypeptides of mature spores. Prestalk slug cells, in contrast, do not contain significant amounts of stalk-specific proteins; these proteins appear only during culmination. The precursor cell types also differ in the times and rates of synthesis of cell specific proteins: prestalk proteins appear much earlier in development than do the prespore, but never reach the levels of expression that the prespore proteins do later in culmination. These findings may explain the well established ability of prespore cells to regulate their cell type more rapidly than do prestalk cells. There are also implications for our general understanding of what is a 'prestalk' gene product. PMID- 6628880 TI - Glycoprotein metabolism in rat colonic epithelial cell populations with different proliferative activities. AB - Epithelial cells with different proliferative activities were isolated from rat proximal and distal colon. The distribution of fucose, hexose, hexosamine, and sialic acid as well as the activities of three glycosyltransferases, eight glycosidases, and a nucleotide sugar pyrophosphatase, enzymes involved in glycoprotein metabolism, were then examined in these cells. The results of the present study demonstrate that: (1) all proximal cell populations appear to possess a higher content of hexose, fucose, and sialic acid than their distal counterparts; (2) in general, the proximal colonic populations have higher glycosyltransferase but similar glycosidase activities than their distal counterparts; (3) proliferative cells in both colonic regions have greater glycosyltransferase and glycosidase activities than non-proliferative cells, although their carbohydrate content is similar. These findings suggest that alterations in glycoprotein metabolism exist during differentiation along the length of the rat colon. Furthermore, these data indicate that certain enzymes involved in glycoprotein metabolism may serve as markers for cellular differentiation in this organ. PMID- 6628882 TI - Model systems and their predictive value in assessing teratogens. AB - For ethical and regulatory reasons all newly developed drugs are evaluated for safety in a series of preclinical animal toxicity studies. Prior to the 1960's there were no standardized procedures or regulatory guidelines for specifically examining the teratogenic potential of a compound, although an evaluation of the overall effect on reproductive processes was recommended. Following the thalidomide saga, specific studies for evaluating teratogenicity were included in regulatory preclinical guidelines in most countries of the world. However, the level of confidence in the ability of these animal studies to be predictive for man remains far from high. Differences between model systems and man emphasize some of the reasons for the perceived low level of predictability of animal tests for man. Only when the mechanism of teratogenesis and the factors affecting species differences in teratogenic response are understood will we have confidence in the predictive accuracy of animal studies. PMID- 6628881 TI - Proliferation of cells undergoing chondrogenesis in vitro. AB - Continuous exposure of chicken embryo limb bud mesenchyme cells undergoing chondrogenesis in vitro to [3H] thymidine thymidine [(3H]TdR) revealed that more than 90% of the cells synthesized DNA at least once during 120 h of culture. When cells were exposed to [3H]TdR for 24 h beginning at various times throughout the culture period, the percentage of cells which incorporated [3H]TdR during each period was approximately 92%. However, when the period for incorporation of radioisotope was limited to two hours, the number of cells which incorporated [3H]TdR was found to decline during chondrogenesis in vitro. This decline was coincident with the appearance of extracellular matrix material and occurred in those cells which had, and had not, expressed the cartilage phenotype. We conclude from these studies that (1) practically all of the cells continue to proliferate while chondrogenesis is occurring in vitro, (2) there is an increase in the length of the cell cycle during chondrogenesis in vitro, and (3) withdrawal from the cell cycle is not required for differentiation of mesenchyme into cartilage. PMID- 6628883 TI - Use of the cricket embryo (Acheta domesticus) as an invertebrate teratology model. AB - Embryos of the cricket Acheta domesticus (L.) have been shown by bioassay to develop gross morphological abnormalities after exposure to a number of complex organic mixtures as well as to display a critical period of teratogen sensitivity and an ability to metabolize xenobiotics during development. Because the assay is simple, inexpensive, short-term (less than two weeks), and objective, it could be useful as an in vivo screen in a hierarchical approach to teratogen detection. Further investigation of cricket embryo responses to known teratogens is needed to establish the predictive value of this assay. PMID- 6628885 TI - An artificial 'embryo' for detection of abnormal developmental biology. AB - The currently applied means for detecting hazards to the conceptus require toxicologic evaluations in common laboratory animals. Because these studies are so time consuming and expensive, we continue to increasingly fall behind in developmental toxicity testing of new substances. A simple and efficient means for prescreening substances for developmental toxicity is described. Adult Hydra attenuata and artificial "embryos" of hydra cells can be manipulated to quickly single out those few substances worthy of extensive and intense evaluation of their effects on the developing conceptus. PMID- 6628884 TI - Fish and amphibian embryos--a model system for evaluating teratogenicity. AB - Developmental stages of fish and amphibians were used to evaluate reproductive impairments produced by environmental contaminants. Using static-renewal and flow through procedures, exposure was initiated at, or soon after, fertilization and maintained through 4 days posthatching. Trace concentrations of many environmental toxicants produced high frequencies of mortality and teratogenesis. When developmental stages of the trout were exposed to inorganic mercury, 10% control-adjusted mortality was observed at 1 microgram/L and frequencies of terata in hatched populations ranged from 8% to 43% for exposure concentrations of 2 to 25 micrograms/L. In similar tests with the narrow-mouthed toad, 45% mortality occurred when mercury was administered at 1 microgram/L; frequencies of teratogenesis ranged from 8% to 17% at exposure concentrations of 1 to 5 micrograms/L; and complete mortality occurred at 7 micrograms/L. Boron-induced teratogenesis in trout ranged from 5% at 1 microgram/L to 51% at higher exposure levels. When catfish embryos were exposed to atrazine at 0.06, 4.8, and 46.7 mg/L, terata appeared in surviving populations at frequencies of 4%, 69%, and 100%, respectively. Fish and amphibian developmental stages constitute simple and effective models for 1) investigating mechanisms of teratogenesis, 2) evaluating the impact of environmental toxicants on aquatic biota, and 3) identifying environmental teratogens which may be of concern to human health. PMID- 6628886 TI - Correlating pharmacokinetics and teratogenic endpoints. AB - The use of pharmacokinetics can improve the extrapolation of animal teratology data for human risk evaluation. Before one can extrapolate between species, however, the pharmacokinetic model must be predictable within the species for which it was developed. This article summarizes an approach being used for correlating pharmacokinetics and teratology endpoints in the same animal and predicting the teratogenic outcome for other animals of the same species. With the aid of micro-sampling procedures, and sensitive and rapid analytical techniques, blood, urine and feces samples are obtained from individual animals following dosing and the data are simulated using a hybrid computer to develop a pharmacokinetic model. The model is validated in other animals by measuring the parent compound and metabolites in various "compartments" predicted by the model. Then the pharmacokinetic model is tested by predicting the teratogenic outcome in single ani-analyses indicated the most predictive pharmacokinetic parameters to be two maternal blood concentration values. Prediction of the teratogenic outcome based on these parameters was accurate for 74% of the litters in the 95% confidence interval. This approach is discussed as it relates to its utility for other exposure routes and for extrapolation to other species. PMID- 6628887 TI - Metabolic disposition of pyrithiones. AB - The urinary pattern of pyrithione metabolites in urine of the rat, rabbit and rhesus monkey was similar to that of the swine after iv. administration of sodium pyrithione (Sodium Omadine) and the magnesium sulfate adduct of 2,2'-dithio bis(pyridine-1-oxide), (Omadine MDS). The major metabolite accounting for 80% or more of the metabolites in urine was the S-glucuronide of 2-mercaptopyridine-N oxide. After Omadine MDS administration, three transient metabolites and one persistent metabolite were observed in the plasma. The transient metabolites were tentatively identified as 2-methylthiopyridine-N-oxide, 2-methylsulfinylpyridine and 2-methylsulfinylpyridine-N-oxide. 2-Methylsulfonylpyridine was the only metabolite observed in the plasma 16 hr after Omadine administration. This metabolite could be detected 14 days after rats were treated repeatedly with a shampoo formulation containing Omadine MDS. PMID- 6628888 TI - A 90-day vapor inhalation toxicity study of methyl ethyl ketone. AB - Male and female Fischer 344 rats were exposed to 0, 1250, 2500, or 5000 ppm methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) vapors 6 hours per day, 5 days per week for 90 days. The 90-day exposures had no adverse effect on the clinical health or growth of male or female rats except for a depression of mean body weight in the 5000 ppm exposure group. The 5000 ppm animals had a slight but significant increase in liver weight, liver weight/body weight ratio, and liver weight/brain weight ratio at necropsy. Serum glutamicpyruvic transaminase (SGPT) activity in the 2500 ppm female rats was elevated while the 5000 ppm female rats exhibited significantly decreased SGPT activity. In addition, alkaline phosphatase, potassium and glucose values for the 5000 ppm female rats were increased. Special neuropathological and routine pathological studies did not reveal any lesions that could be attributed to MEK exposure. PMID- 6628889 TI - Quantitative structure-activity relationships and possible mechanisms of action of bispyridinium oximes as antidotes against pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate. AB - The antidotal efficacy of bispyridinium oximes against the poisoning by pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate can be correlated well with their physicochemical parameters. Good correlation was observed between the efficacy of antagonism against pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate and antinicotinic action of these oximes. X-ray structural analysis showed that these oximes possessed structural similarity to nicotine and acetylcholine of nicotinic conformation. A new model of antidotal action, other than reactivation, against the poisoning by pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate was proposed for these bispyridinium oximes through nicotinic receptor binding. The antagonistic efficacy of these antidotes against pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate may be attributed to their direct antagonism at nicotinic receptor as well as reactivation of inhibited acetylcholinesterase. PMID- 6628890 TI - Subacute toxicity of several ring-substituted dialkylanilines in the rat. AB - Aniline, o-toluidine, 2,4-dimethylaniline, 2,6-dimethylaniline, 2,6 diethylaniline, 2,6-methylethylaniline, 2,6-diisopropylaniline, and methylene-bis 2,6-diisopropylaniline were administered to male Fischer 344 rats daily for 5, 10 or 20 days. Histopathologic evaluation of selected tissues revealed splenic congestion, increased hematopoiesis and hemosiderosis, and bone marrow hyperplasia in aniline- and o-toluidine-treated animals. These changes, characteristics consistent with enhanced erythrocytic destruction, were not observed in any of the dialkylaniline-treated animals. Hepatoxicity, characterized by biliary hyperplasia, periacinar vacuolar degeneration, hepatocytic cloudy swelling and periacinar necrosis, was observed in methylene bis-2,6-diisopropyl-, aniline- and 2,4-dimethylaniline-treated animals. Multifocal discrete areas of necrosis were also observed in livers of animals treated with the latter compound. There were no histopathologic changes which could be attributed to any of the alkylanilines studied in kidney, esophagus, trachea, thyroid, parathyroid or urinary bladder. PMID- 6628891 TI - Clearance of sulfuric acid-introduced 35S from the respiratory tracts of rats, guinea pigs and dogs following inhalation or instillation. AB - The clearance of sulfuric acid-introduced 35S from the upper and lower respiratory tracts of rats, guinea pigs and dogs was measured. Sulfuric acid was administered by instillation and by inhalation for each species. Clearance into the blood and gastrointestinal tract was measured along with determination of 35S remaining at the site of administration at sacrifice. Different rates of clearance from different sites within the dog lung were indicated with rates of clearance increasing with decreasing airway diameter. Half-times of clearance from all sites in the lung and for all species were from 2-9 min. There appeared to be some species differences, with clearance for dogs being slower than for guinea pigs, which was slower than for rats. Upper respiratory tract clearance was much slower than for lung and may not have been primarily by way of the blood. The data indicate that the clearance of sulfuric acid-introduced 35S in vivo is faster than previous studies in isolated perfused lungs had indicated. The results may be general for water soluble, ionized chemical species. PMID- 6628893 TI - The metabolism of arsenite and arsenate by the rat. AB - Differences in distribution and metabolism of arsenite and arsenate were studied in rats and in rat liver and kidney slices and hepatocytes. Five minutes after i.v. administration of 4.8 nmol arsenite or arsenate to male Sprague-Dawley rats, blood levels of arsenic were only 10 percent of the initial dose. Blood arsenic levels then rose: by 4 hours about 67 percent of the initial dose of arsenite and 28 percent of the initial dose of arsenate were in the blood compartment. The predominant form of arsenic in the RBC was dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). Arsenite was rapidly distributed to both liver and kidney; arsenate was rapidly distributed to kidney only. After 4 hours of exposure to arsenite, liver slices had taken up six times more arsenic and kidney slices two times more arsenic than after exposure to arsenate. Isolated hepatocytes took up as much as 20 times more arsenic after arsenite exposure. DMA was found in the medium of the liver slices and hepatocytes exposed to arsenite, but very little DMA was found in the medium of the arsenate-exposed liver slices and hepatocytes. However, five times more DMA was found in the medium of the kidney slices exposed to arsenate than in the medium of the liver slices. Phosphate inhibited uptake and metabolism of arsenate by kidney slices. These studies indicate that inorganic arsenic is rapidly taken up by liver and kidney and methylated. Arsenite is methylated by both organs, whereas arsenate may be methylated by kidney only. PMID- 6628892 TI - Effects of sulfur dioxide and ozone on hypertension sensitive and resistant rats. AB - Two lines of Dahl rats, one resistant to salt-induced hypertension (DR) and one susceptible to salt-induced hypertension (DS) were subchronically exposed to SO2 (50 ppm, 6 hr/d, 5 d/wk for 31 weeks) or ozone (2.0 ppm, 6 hr/d, 5 d/wk for 20 weeks). Subgroups of rats were maintained on either high or low salt diets. In rats not expected to develop hypertension, exposure to SO2 caused a slight but consistent decrease in blood pressure. In DS rats on a high salt diet exposure to SO2 resulted in an increase in blood pressure over that of their air exposed counterparts. All exposure-related differences in blood pressure disappeared after the last exposure to SO2. Exposure to ozone was fatal to all DS rats, regardless of the amount of salt in the diet. The DR rats were more resistant to ozone, with most animals surviving the 20-week exposure. Ozone-exposed rats exhibited a decrease in both growth rate and blood pressure in all groups when compared to their air-exposed counterparts. It is not known if exposure-related blood pressure differences would persist after ending ozone exposures. After brief exposures, ozone caused increased lung weights in both groups, but there were no consistent changes in pulmonary nonprotein sulfhydryl groups. Hepatic nonprotein sulfhydryl levels were consistently, but not significantly, lower in ozone-exposed rats. PMID- 6628894 TI - Chronic toxicity and oncogenicity bioassay of inhaled toluene in Fischer-344 rats. AB - The chronic toxicity and oncogenicity of inhaled toluene were assessed in Fischer 344 rats. One hundred and twenty animals of each sex were exposed for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week, for up to 24 months at concentrations of toluene in air of 0, 30, 100, or 300 ppm. The calculated time-weighted average concentrations for the 24 months of exposure were 0.0, 30.1, 99.7, and 299.0 ppm, respectively. Interim sacrifices on randomly selected animals were conducted after 6, 12 and 18 months of exposure. All surviving rats were sacrificed at 24 months. A large battery of tissues and organs from all animals in the control and 300 ppm toluene group were examined for histopathology. All animals were examined for clinical changes throughout the course of the study and selected animals were used to determine ophthalmologic, hematologic, clinical blood chemistry or urinalysis effects. There were 140 unscheduled deaths over the 2-years study. Gross pathologic examination of rats dying during the course of the study, or that were sacrificed as scheduled, did not reveal any lesions attributable to toluene exposure. Histologically, a variety of proliferative, degenerative and inflammatory lesions were observed in the control and 300 ppm toluene-exposed group. These lesions were considered unrelated to toluene exposure. The results provide no evidence that toluene causes chronic toxicity or oncogenicity in Fischer-344 rats at these concentrations. PMID- 6628895 TI - Quantitative risk assessment: state-of-the-art for carcinogenesis. AB - A critical evaluation of the use of statistical models in carcinogenic risk assessment is made with emphasis on the strengths and weaknesses of current practice. The objective is to bring together information from the fields of toxicology and statistics to develop a sound scientific basis for making risk decisions. It is emphasized that risk assessment is a complex, multifaceted process that is not easily quantified and, at present, must be based on qualitative as well as quantitative information. It is evident that dose-response modeling of tumor incidence data from animal studies is of limited value in estimating human risk associated with low-dose chemical exposures. The models take into account only one part of the complex process and have no accepted basis in biology. The key decision points, qualitative factors, and quantitative considerations are identified and discussed and a risk assessment framework that incorporates these inputs is presented. A model that incorporates the tumorigenic dose-response information as well as the qualitative and quantitative biological factors that affect the estimate of risk is proposed. It is concluded that much work needs to be done before a completely quantitative approach to risk assessment is to be useful; in particular pharmacokinetic modeling should be pursued more aggressively. PMID- 6628897 TI - Induction of papilloma in the forestomach of hamsters by butylated hydroxyanisole. AB - Male Syrian golden hamsters were given a pellet diet containing 2.0% butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) or a powdered diet containing 1.0% BHA for 24 weeks. Papillomas of the forestomach were induced in all hamsters given either of these diets. PMID- 6628896 TI - A reexamination of false-positive rates for carcinogenesis studies. AB - False-positive rates in the National Cancer Institute/National Toxicology Program (NCI/NTP) two-year carcinogenesis bioassay are examined. Previous studies that have reported high (20-50%) false-positive rates for these bioassays are reviewed. The decision rules used in many of these earlier investigations are far different than the procedures actually employed by the NCI/NTP in the interpretation of bioassay data. Data from 25 recent NTP feeding studies are examined, and the statistical significance of observed tumor increases are compared with the final interpretations regarding the carcinogenic effects of the chemicals under study. Based on this examination, a more realistic decision procedure is formulated. It is shown that under the assumption of a statistical decision rule which appears to mimic more closely the scientific judgment process, the actual overall false-positive rate in NCI/NTP bioassays appears to be no greater than 7% to 8%. PMID- 6628898 TI - Single-cell origin of bladder cancer induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine in mice with cellular mosaicism. AB - The single-cell origin of bladder cancer was established in mice with cellular mosaicism for phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK). Administration of N-butyl-N-(4 hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine in the drinking water resulted in development of large, solitary, infiltrating bladder carcinomas. On electrophoresis, PGK from all the cancer tissues examined gave only a single spot. PMID- 6628899 TI - Inhibitory effect of butylated hydroxyanisole and ethoxyquin on the induction of neoplastic lesions in rat liver after an initial treatment with N-ethyl-N hydroxyethylnitrosamine. AB - The effect of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and ethoxyquin (EQ) on hepatocarcinogenesis initiated with N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethylnitrosamine in rats was investigated. The results clearly demonstrated that BHA and EQ inhibited the development of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase - positive foci, hyperplastic nodules and hepatocellular carcinomas in the rat system employed. PMID- 6628900 TI - Promotive effects of thiobenzamide on liver carcinogenesis. AB - Thiobenzamide (a thiono-sulfur-containing xenobiotic), when administered to male Sprague-Dawley rats primed with a single low dose of diethylnitrosamine, enhances the number and size of both gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase-positive hepatocellular foci and cholangiofibrotic areas. Its effect seems to be greater than that of the known promoter phenobarbital. PMID- 6628901 TI - Characterization of mutagenic fractions in beef extract and in cooked ground beef. Use of blue-cotton for efficient extraction. AB - Mutagenic components in commercial beef extract and in cooked ground beef were adsorbed from their aqueous solutions on cotton bearing covalently linked trisulfo-copper-phthalocyanine residues (blue-cotton). By repeating the adsorption and elution, efficient concentration of the mutagenic components with a satisfactory overall recovery was achieved. Carboxymethyl cellulose column chromatography was found to be an excellent means to separate 2-amino-3,8 dimethylimidazo-[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) from 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5 f]quinoline (IQ), two strong mutagens that have previously been found in heated beef samples. Chromatography of the mutagenic components of beef extract on this column gave two mutagenic fractions which corresponded to MeIQx and IQ in elution profile. In reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, the major active component of the MeIQx fraction and that of the IQ fraction behaved identically with standard samples of MeIQx and IQ, respectively. The contents of these mutagens in a sample of Difco beef extract were estimated at 200-300 ng of MeIQx and 20-40 ng of IQ per gram. By the same fractionation procedures, mutagenic substances in the cooked beef were fractionated into MeIQx-type and IQ type components. The activity distribution among these two fractions was similar to that found for beef extract. PMID- 6628902 TI - Two sublines of a lymphoblastoid cell line associated with Marek's disease virus. AB - From MDCC-MSB1, the original Marek's disease virus-associated lymphoblastoid cell line, two sublines named MDCC-MSB1-33C and MDCC-MSB1-41C were differentiated. The MDCC-MSB1-33C cell line grew well at 33 degrees, but grew poorly and finally stopped growing at 41 degrees. On the other hand, the MDCC-MSB1-41C cell line grew actively at 41 degrees, but at 33 degrees, continuous cultivation was difficult to achieve. MDCC-MSB1-33C grew suspended in the liquid medium, as did the original producer MDCC-MSB1 cell line, while MDCC-MSB1-41C grew attached to the substrate. Moreover, in soft agar, MDCC-MSB1-33C formed loose colonies, but MDCC-MSB1-41C formed packed colonies. Neither Marek's disease viral antigens nor herpes-type particles could be detected in either subline, although a Marek's disease tumor-associated surface antigen was found on the surface of both. PMID- 6628903 TI - Presence of a novel spleen focus-forming virus-specific glycoprotein (gp51) in a Friend leukemia cell line and its decrease during erythrodifferentiation. AB - All Friend leukemia cell lines induced by polycythemic strains of Friend leukemia virus complex express an appreciable amount of spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV) coding envelope gene (env)-related glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 55 kilodaltons (gp55). A clonal, highly differentiation-inducible Friend leukemia cell line, T3-C1-2-O(2-O), possesses not only gp55 but also gp51 as SFFV-specific gene products. The peptide map of gp51 is quite similar to that of gp55 and the difference in their molecular weights is primarily dependent on their oligosaccharide content. In the differentiation-induced state, gp51 becomes far less detectable than gp55 in 2-O cells. The biological significance of this novel SFFV-coding glycoprotein is discussed. PMID- 6628904 TI - Glycosphingolipids in clonal variants of rat fibrosarcoma cells with different transplantability. AB - Neutral glycolipids and gangliosides of four clonal variants of rat fibrosarcoma AS-653 cells with different transplantability were analyzed. A highly malignant clone A had a much lower quantity of GM3 ganglioside and a much higher quantity of lactosylceramide as compared to clones Z and G, which showed low transplantability and less malignancy, and a variant clone P, which showed tumorigenicity only in ascites form. A similar correlation was found with the quantity of an unidentified slow-migrating neutral glycolipid in various clones. This glycolipid was present in trace amount in the original highly malignant clone A, increased moderately in clones G and Z, and increased greatly in clone P, which showed no subcutaneous transplantability. The results of these studies suggest that a blockage of synthesis of GM3 ganglioside and a long chain neutral glycolipid occurred with enhanced malignancy, and an enhanced synthesis of GM3 ganglioside and the long chain neutral glycolipid is associated with a decrease in transplantability. PMID- 6628905 TI - Erythropoietin production in human renal carcinoma cells passaged in nude mice and in tissue culture. AB - Renal cell carcinoma tissues from two patients, one with and one without erythrocytosis, were successfully transplanted into athymic nude mice. Transplantations of the erythrocytic tumor through six successive generations of nude mice produced a significant (P less than 0.001) elevation in mean hematocrit from 36.5 +/- 2.1% (range 32-42%) to 53.7 +/- 5.1% (range 40-63%), in comparison with a non-erythrocytic tumor which showed a progressive fall in hematocrit from 46.5 +/- 2.0% (range 41-50%) to 36.8 +/- 1.6% (range 33-40%). Non-grafted control nude mice maintained stable hematocrit levels from an initial level of 45 +/- 0.5% to 46.5 +/- 1.2% when studied over the same time interval. Similarly red cell mass values in the mice transplanted with the erythrocytic tumor (5.04 +/- 1.85 ml/100 g) were considerably higher than in both the non-grafted nude mice (3.39 +/- 0.81 ml/100 g) and the non-erythrocytic tumor-grafted mice (3.8 +/- 0.3 ml/100 g) after 6 generations of transplants. Plasma erythropoietin levels in the erythrocytic tumor-grafted mice (169.4 +/- 83.1 mU/ml) were significantly (P less than 0.02) higher than in the non-grafted controls (22.2 +/- 9.5 mU/ml), and furthermore the erythropoietin levels in the tumor extracts were significantly (P less than 0.02) higher in the tumors from erythrocytic mice (range 54.7 to 234.6 mU/g tumor) than in the tumors from non-erythrocytic mice (range 0.3 to 1.9 mU/g tumor). In vitro monolayer cultures of these tumors confirmed the higher erythropoietin levels in the erythrocytic renal carcinoma (138 mU/ml) as compared with culture media of non-erythrocytic tumors (15-91 mU/ml) using the fetal mouse liver assay (59Fe incorp. into heme). The present studies indicate autonomous erythropoietin production by human renal cell carcinomas both in vivo in nude mice and in vitro in tissue cultures. PMID- 6628906 TI - The role of macrophages in preventing metastasis of a homotransplantable hamster lymphoma. AB - The roles of macrophages in preventing metastasis of a homotransplantable lymphoma were studied in Syrian golden hamsters. Removal of the primary tumor led to enhanced development of metastatic foci. Macrophage activities as demonstrated by macrophage spreading and cytostatic activity were augmented in tumor-bearing hosts, but depressed in tumor-resected hosts. Metastases were facilitated by treatment with silica, an agent that blocks macrophage functions. These results may suggest that immune-activated macrophages contribute to the inhibition of metastases. Metastases were completely inhibited by local irradiation of the primary tumors but such an effect was abolished by the resection of irradiated tumors. Irradiated tumor cells may work as potent immunogens to augment the generation of immune-activated macrophages. PMID- 6628907 TI - Polymorphonuclear leukocyte-mediated cytolysis induced by animal lectin. AB - Nine animal lectins, i.e., Sarcophaga peregrina agglutinin, Balanus roseus agglutinin, Aplysia kurodai agglutinin, Balanus balanoides agglutinin, Tetraclita squamosa japonica agglutinin, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus lectin, Asterina pectinifera agglutinin, Helix aspersa agglutinin and Helix pomatia agglutinin, were tested for induction of cytolysis mediated by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Among them, S. peregrina agglutinin and B. roseus agglutinin lysed murine target cells in co-operation with polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) from the peritoneal cavity of mice. PMNs can lyse various tumor cells in the presence of S. peregrina agglutinin, although normal spleen cells were also lysed. This lectin-dependent cytolysis by PMNs was inhibited by galactose, a sugar which is specifically recognized by S. peregrina agglutinin. S. peregrina and B. roseus agglutinins were inhibitory to in vivo development of MM46 tumor cells. These results suggest that PMNs can lyse various target cells in the presence of appropriate animal lectins and that some animal lectins participate in tumor rejection. PMID- 6628908 TI - Antibody specific for lung cancer cells detected in sera of patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - Two hundred and seventy-one sera from patients with lung cancer were checked to determine whether they exerted a blocking or potentiating effect on normal lymphocyte-cytotoxicity against lung cancer targets using a microcytotoxicity assay. A blocking effect was observed in 15 of 49 untreated patients (30.6%), but a potentiating effect was detected in 10 of 49 (20.4%). Such effects were not correlated with stages of the disease or the clinical status of patients. Such a blocking effect was also detected in patients with pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, benign mediastinal tumor and malignancies other than lung cancer, but the potentiating effect could not detected in such patients. Using an indirect membrane immunofluorescence test, IgG antibodies against QG-56 of a lung cancer cell line were detected in 54.3% of potentiating sera and in 20.5% of blocking sera. Such antibodies were cross-reactive with 2 other lung cancer cell lines and one of 4 uterine cancer lines, however, no cross-reaction was observed against 3 breast cancer lines, 3 of 4 uterine cancer lines, one malignant melanoma line and one pancreas cancer line. The effector cells exerting the potentiating effect were identified as non-adherent, Fc receptor-bearing lymphocytes. Therefore, the potentiating effect might be typical antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. PMID- 6628909 TI - [Pseudotumors and benign tumors of the liver in adults and children. Inaccuracies of semantics and histogenesis]. PMID- 6628910 TI - [Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver. Study of 15 cases and review of the literature]. AB - The authors report 15 cases of nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) of the liver observed in 10 women and 5 men during a 9 year period. Gastrointestinal bleeding due to ruptured esophageal varices revealed the liver disease in 11 cases. Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were noted in 9 cases and ascites in 7. Anicteric cholestasis was demonstrated in 10 cases. Another disease, e. g. myelofibrosis and monoclonal gammapathy, was present in 11 patients. In 10 patients, portal diversion was performed; outcome being favorable with a follow up of one to six years. The analysis of these cases and of the 113 previously published reports calls for the following comments: 1) In most cases, NRH is characterized by small-sized hepatocytic nodules scattered throughout the entire liver with no surrounding fibrosis; however this histological pattern may vary somewhat, with adjacent normal zones being found adjacent to typical cirrhotic fibrosis; although a precise morphometric study was not performed in our patients, obstruction of the tiny branches of intrahepatic portal veins was not observed. 2) Histological diagnosis of NRH is difficult and in most cases requires surgical biopsy specimens and specific coloration of the reticulin network. 3) NRH must be considered as a new cause of intrahepatic (sinusoidal or presinusoidal) portal hypertension and/or of chronic anicteric cholestasis. 4) A number of various conditions may be associated with NRH, the most frequent being Felty's syndrome and myeloproliferative disorders. 5) The pathogenesis of NRH remains unknown. 6) Portal diversion generally has a favorable outcome in this disease. PMID- 6628911 TI - [Effect of glycodihydrofusidate, a structural analog of bile salts, on the hepatic transport of bromosulfophthalein in rats]. AB - The interaction between bromosulfophthalein and glycodihydrofusidate in their transport by the liver were studied. In vitro, glycodihydrofusidate, a bile salt analogue, inhibited bromosulfophthalein uptake by isolated rat liver cells. This inhibition was similar to that previously described by adding sodium taurocholate to the medium; the inhibition was only partial and could no longer be detected at high bromosulfophthalein concentrations (20 microM). These results suggest that glycodihydrofusidate, like sodium taurocholate can compete with bromosulfophthalein for a common carrier in the liver cell membrane. In vivo, in the rat submitted to a saturating infusion of bromosulfophthalein, the addition of glycodihydrofusidate to the perfusate induced a 65 p. 100 decrease in the biliary excretion of bromosulfophthalein, a decrease in the water flow (47 p. 100) and a slight diminution in the bile salt output (14 p. 100). In experiments where glycodihydrofusidate-bromosulfophthalein interactions did not occur at the sinusoidal level, the biliary excretion of the dye was inhibited by glycodihydrofusidate. This suggests a common pathway for the two molecules. Our results are consistent with the existence of two different bromosulfophthalein carrier systems present at either pole of the hepatocyte. However only one is shared with bile salts and glycodihydrofusidate. This same hypothesis might account for many other experimental results as well. PMID- 6628912 TI - Diagnostic usefulness of serum group I pepsinogen determination. AB - In order to evaluate its clinical usefulness, serum pepsinogen I level was measured in a prospective study in unselected patients affected by endoscopically and histologically confirmed gastric or duodenal diseases. The mean level in controls was 63 +/- 26 ng/ml (M +/- SD) with no statistical difference between males and females, while it was significantly higher in smokers than in non smokers (respectively 69 +/- 25 and 56 +/- 25 ng/ml). On the average in gastric ulcer patients it overlapped with controls (69 +/- 34 ng/ml), but in prepyloric ulcers its value was higher (81 +/- 45 ng/ml) than that found in ulcer of the gastric corpus (66 +/- 30 ng/ml). Serum pepsinogen I level was significantly higher in duodenal ulcer patients (81 +/- 33 ng/ml), in males as compared to females and in smokers as compared to non-smokers (respectively 91 +/- 32 and 67 +/- 26 ng/ml). Higher than normal values were found in one subject affected by the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, and in patients with severe renal failure. Low and very low levels were found after partial and total gastrectomies and in A type atrophic gastritis. In the case of duodenal ulcer, serum pepsinogen I determination showed a 16 p. 100 sensitivity and a 96 p. 100 specificity, while for atrophic gastritis it showed an 87 p. 100 sensitivity and a 100 p. 100 specificity. It is concluded that, at present, the most important clinical application seems to be its screening value in the detection of atrophic gastritis and consequently its potential use to detect populations at increased risk for gastric cancer. PMID- 6628913 TI - [Cancers of the colon. Results of surgical treatment. Presentation of a series of 234 patients]. AB - This report is a retrospective analysis of the results of surgical treatment in 234 consecutive cases of adenocarcinoma of the colon; 56.4 p. 100 of patients were male with a mean age of 66. Sixty per cent of the carcinoma were situated in the sigmoid. Carcinoma was complicated in 26.1 p. 100 of cases. The tumor was confined to the bowel wall in 14.3 p. 100 of cases (stage A), involved the serosa in 36.3 p. 100 of cases (stage B), lymph nodes in 25.5 p. 100 of cases (stage C), and distal organs in 23.8 p. 100 of cases (stage D). Global operative mortality was 10 p. 100. Obvious anastomotic leakages occurred in two patients with one death. The overall five year survival rate was 35 p. 100. The stage-by-stage 5 year survival rates depended mainly on the differentiation and on the extension of the tumor: 59.2 p. 100 in patients with stage A lesions, 54.8 p. 100 in those with stage B lesions, 30.2 p. 100 in those with stage C lesions, 3.9 p. 100 in those with stage D lesions. On the other hand, survival was not significantly related to the duration of symptoms. This suggests that early diagnosis of symptomatic disease does not guarantee a better prognosis. This can only be achieved by prevention of the disease. PMID- 6628914 TI - [Celiac disease, dermatitis herpetiformis and erosive jejunoileitis]. AB - A 21-year-old man with coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis presented successively with erosive ileitis (warranting surgical resection) and erosive jejunitis (proven by jejunoscopy). Discontinuous antibiotic therapy was associated with a gluten-free diet and evolution was favorable as judged with five years follow-up. Malabsorption with mucosal ulcerations can be due to: a) chronic ulcerative duodeno-jejuno-ileitis or Jeffries' disease; b) coeliac disease which may be classified as possible, probable, or certain according to the strictness of criteria. Our case is the fourth in which a villous response was proven after gluten-free diet. It is also particular in that the erosions were superficial; c) malignant lymphoma which can reasonably be excluded here. This observation confirms that a gluten-free diet may be effective after surgical resection of the ulcerated segment in complicated coeliac disease and shows that antibiotics may be an useful adjuvant to therapy. PMID- 6628915 TI - [Stenosing erosive lichen planus of the esophagus]. PMID- 6628916 TI - [Stenosing lichen planus of the esophagus: gastroesophageal reflux does not appear to be the cause!]. PMID- 6628917 TI - [Retroperitoneal perforation after endoscopic resection of colonic polyps]. PMID- 6628918 TI - Immunoassessment of patients with gastric cancer. Using leukocyte migration inhibition (LMI) test. AB - Leukocytes from patients with gastric, colorectal or benign gastrointestinal disease, as well as those from normal control subjects, were tested by the leukocyte migration inhibition test (LMIT), using five different allogeneic 3 M KCl extracts of gastric cancer extracts. In LMIT with a single tumor extract, a pathological MI was found in 48% of 79 gastric cancer patients, a significantly higher figure than in the three other groups of patients (4-21%). In the panel mode of LMIT, that is, testing each blood sample with five different tumor extracts, 62/79 (79%) of patients with gastric cancer showed a positive reaction. Positive reactivity was significantly higher in patients with gastric cancer than in patients in the other groups and the frequency was higher in stage IV cases than in stage I-III cases, although the differences were not significant. In addition, the frequency of the positive reaction was unrelated to the degree of differentiation in adenocarcinoma. Positive reactivity increased in inverse proportion to the degree of nuclear grade (NG) (84% in NG I, 80% in NG II and 64% in NG III), but the correlation was not statistically significant. PMID- 6628919 TI - Morphological study on the motility of the human colon. AB - We tried to make a clear three-dimensional picture of the autonomic nerves in the wall of the human colon, using a Golgi method rarely applied to human materials. At autopsy, sigmoid colon without mucosal lesions were collected from 16 males after sudden death from apoplexy, head injury, or myocardial infarction. These materials were fixed in 10% formalin, impregnated with a modified Golgi method and embedded in celloidin. Then three-dimensional serial sections were made and observed with a light microscope. Many fine nerve fibers formed a plexus in the subserosa, muscular layer, submucosa, and mucosa. The myenteric plexus was made up of rectangular meshes of nerve fiber bundles. However, unlike myenteric plexus, no regular mesh was found in the submucosal plexus. Further, nerve fibers connecting myenteric and submucosal plexus were observed. It may be concluded from these findings that there exist nerve pathways regulating intestinal motility between myenteric and submucosal plexus. PMID- 6628920 TI - Lipid peroxide formation in isolated hepatocytes by cytotoxic factors produced from lymphokine-activated macrophages. AB - When peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with chronic active hepatitis were stimulated with liver specific lipoprotein (LSP), considerably higher frequencies of lymphocyte transformation and MIF production were induced. Peritoneal macrophages from guinea pigs were activated by lymphokine-containing lymphocyte culture supernatant and produced a cytotoxic (or cytostatic) factor acting on isolated hepatocytes in culture. The cytotoxic (or cytostatic) factor, which was fractionated by Sephadex G-75 column gel filtration followed by DEAE cellulose column chromatography, had cytotoxic effect on isolated liver cells and produced a significant amount of lipid peroxide. These results suggested the possibility that the cytotoxic effects may be caused at least partially by the lipid peroxide formation. PMID- 6628921 TI - Modulation of cholestatic factor production by serum components. AB - When lymph node cells from sensitized guinea pigs were stimulated in vitro with a specific antigen and their culture supernatant was injected into the mesenteric vein of rats, a marked decrease in bile flow was demonstrated. The treatment of activated lymphocytes with a higher molecular weight fraction of normal human serum Fr-1 and Fr-2 was shown to decrease the reduction of bile flow. Conversely, a lower molecular weight fraction of serum (Fr-3) was found to augment the reduction of bile flow. These findings suggest that the serum components may regulate the production of a factor (or factors) causing the decrease in bile flow from the activated lymphocytes. PMID- 6628922 TI - Re-evaluation of immunological parameters in immunotherapy for advanced carcinoma of the digestive tract. AB - Fifty-one patients with recurrent carcinoma of the digestive tract received immunotherapy consisting of the streptococcal preparation OK-432 in combination with FT207. In these patients, the following tests were carried out, peripheral blood leukocyte count, lymphocyte count and percent T-cell population of lymphocytes, delayed hypersensitivity skin tests with PPD, phytohemagglutinin and polysaccharide extracted from Su strain of Streptococcus pyogenes and serum titer of agglutinin to Strep. pyogenes. The results were statistically analyzed and correlated with the rate and duration of survival in order to re-evaluate the immunological parameters commonly used at present in anticancer immunotherapy. With respect to the peripheral blood leukocyte count, lymphocyte count, delayed hypersensitivity skin tests and serum titer of agglutinin to Strep. pyogenes assessed at 2 months of treatment, patients showing normal values or positive results had a significantly greater survival rate compared with those showing abnormal values or negative results. The peripheral blood lymphocyte count, delayed hypersensitivity skin tests and serum titer of agglutinin to Strep. pyogenes correlated significantly with survival. Particularly, the Su-PS skin test and serum titer of agglutinin to Strep. pyogenes showed remarkable correlation (P less than 0.01) with the survival rate and period. PMID- 6628923 TI - A case of asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis with an initial presenting feature of localized gastric varices. AB - A case of asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) with an initial presenting feature of localized gastric varices is reported. The patient, 64 years old female, underwent a barium meal examination because of ill-defined abdominal complaints and was found to have gastric varices localized at the cardia but no esophageal varices. Her blood chemistry showed high values of biliary tract enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, but the serum bilirubin level was almost normal. Serum anti-mitochondrial antibody was positive. Histological findings of the surgically biopsied liver specimen were compatible with PBC. The clinical implication of gastric varices in PBC is discussed. PMID- 6628924 TI - Comparative effects of ursodeoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid on bile acid kinetics and biliary lipid secretion in humans. Evidence for different modes of action on bile acid synthesis. AB - The effects of ursodeoxycholic acid on biliary lipid secretion and bile acid kinetics were determined in 12 men. For comparison, eight of the subjects were also treated with chenodeoxycholic acid using a crossover study design. The daily dose of each bile acid was 15 mg/kg body wt; each treatment period lasted for 5-6 wk. Kinetics of cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid, hepatic secretion rates of biliary lipids, and lipid composition of concentrated fasting duodenal bile were determined before and at the end of each treatment period. The synthesis rates of cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid were increased by approximately 80% and 40%, respectively, during treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid. The fractional catabolic rates of the two bile acids were increased by approximately 50%, whereas the pool sizes remained unchanged. Under similar conditions, administration of chenodeoxycholic acid reduced the pool size as well as the synthesis rate of cholic acid by approximately 70%. Ursodeoxycholic acid reduced the hepatic secretion of cholesterol to a higher extent (approximately 50%) than did chenodeoxycholic acid (approximately 30%). The secretion rates of bile acids and phospholipids remained essentially unchanged during the two treatment periods. Fasting duodenal (gallbladder) bile was unsaturated with cholesterol during both regimens. It is concluded that the two bile acids exert different effects on bile acid metabolism. The enhanced conversion of cholesterol to bile acids observed during ursodeoxycholic acid treatment may at least partly explain why ursodeoxycholic acid can reduce the biliary output of cholesterol without suppressing hepatic cholesterol synthesis. PMID- 6628926 TI - Demonstration of organ-nonspecific antigens in liver-specific protein. AB - Liver-specific protein was isolated from bovine, rabbit, and human liver. A corresponding kidney protein was isolated from rabbit kidney. The liver-specific protein and kidney-specific protein were coupled to activated CH-Sepharose 4B. Affinity chromatography was performed on columns of liver-specific protein and kidney-specific protein CH-Sepharose 4B, with sera containing antimitochondrial antibodies, smooth muscle antibodies, bile canalicular antibodies, reticular tissue antibodies, and antinuclear antibodies. The material eluted from the affinity chromatography columns was studied for immunofluorescence reaction against sections of liver, kidney, and stomach. Reactions were found of the liver specific protein and kidney-specific protein column eluates against mitochondria, smooth muscle, double-stained bile canaliculi, reticular tissue, and nucleoli. Thus, the antigens belonging to these cell and organ constituents must have been present in the liver-specific protein (and kidney-specific protein) preparations, indicating that liver-specific protein is not a pure liver cell membrane-specific protein. PMID- 6628925 TI - Biliary excretion of procollagen type III peptide in healthy humans and in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver. AB - Serum concentrations of procollagen type III peptide are found to be elevated in liver disease and to correlate with fibrosis activity in liver tissue. These elevated serum levels may be due to enhanced synthesis, decreased excretion, or release from deposits of the propeptide in connective tissue. To quantitatively investigate the excretion of procollagen type III peptide, we studied its presence in the bile and urine of 10 healthy controls and 11 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver. Biliary excretion rates of procollagen propeptide were determined by the duodenal perfusion method. The serum concentrations of procollagen type III peptide were 2.5 +/- 0.5 ng/ml in the healthy controls and 33.6 +/- 6.8 ng/ml in the patients with cirrhosis. Procollagen type III peptide was found in the bile; the healthy controls excreted 0.4 +/- 0.07 nmol/h and the cirrhotics excreted 0.98 +/- 0.27 nmol/h. A fragment of the procollagen propeptide, Col 1, was excreted in urine; the healthy controls excreted 0.25 +/- 0.04 nmol/h, and the cirrhotics excreted 0.11 +/- 0.03 nmol/h. These data demonstrate that the biliary excretion of procollagen type III peptide represents a quantitatively important pathway. PMID- 6628927 TI - Acute intestinal obstruction: an electromyographic study in dogs. AB - We have investigated the motility effects of acute experimental canine intestinal obstruction. A 30-min midjejunal obstruction was produced by clamping a Biebl loop or by inflating an intraluminal balloon. Spike bursts from serosal electrodes proximal to the site of obstruction increased markedly, while those from distal electrodes decreased. When the obstruction from an intraluminal Foley catheter was continued for 5.5 h, the inhibition persisted distally but the proximal contractile activity gradually fell to control levels. The reduced proximal activity after prolonged obstruction was largely due to clusters of regular intense spike bursts preceded and followed by lengthening periods of absent motor activity. Similar clustered contractions obliterated the lumen when the passage of barium through a Thiry-Vella loop was monitored fluoroscopically. Significant motility changes occur in intestinal obstruction, but an increased understanding of the mechanisms involved awaits future studies. PMID- 6628928 TI - Effects of prostaglandin and indomethacin on diet-induced acute pancreatitis in mice. AB - This study was performed to determine the effects of exogenous prostaglandin and a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor on experimental pancreatitis in mice. An ethionine-supplemented choline-deficient diet was used to induce pancreatitis in 4-6-wk-old Swiss Webster mice. Mice were injected subcutaneously with 16,16 dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (0.1, 1.0, 10 micrograms X kg-1 X day-1), indomethacin (0.05, 0.5, 5 mg X kg-1 X day-1), or saline for 7 days. The ethionine supplemented choline-deficient diet was introduced 24 h after the first injection, and animals ate the test diet for 48 h. A 55% mortality was observed in control animals (n = 100) treated with carrier alone. Treatment with 10 micrograms X kg-1 X day-1 of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 significantly decreased (p less than 0.01) mortality to 12% (n = 100). Improved survival was accompanied by a significant (p less than 0.05) decrease in the pancreatic content of free chymotrypsin and a decrease in histologic damage. Treatment with 5 mg X kg-1 X day-1 of indomethacin (n = 30) significantly (p less than 0.01) increased mortality in diet-treated rats from a control rate of 55% to 100%. These studies demonstrate a protective effect of prostaglandin on the pancreas and suggest a role for endogenous prostaglandins in the pathophysiology of pancreatitis. PMID- 6628929 TI - Glucose is the major component controlling irregular spike activity after feeding in primates. AB - The aim of this study was to examine the caloric components responsible for the postprandial increase in small intestinal electrical spike activity. Monopolar electrodes were surgically placed on the jejunum and on the ileum of 8 cynomolgus monkeys 2 wk before study. Myoelectric activity was measured after a 14-h fast, and was compared with activity seen either after feeding or after intragastric injection of test solutions [MCT oil (100 kcal), Crisco oil (100 kcal), glucose (40 kcal), glucose polymer (100 kcal), or an equivalent volume of saline control]. Data were analyzed by a spike train analysis program to provide activity front cycle length, quantitative measurements of the activity, front spike activity, and frequency of irregular spike activity before and after feeding. Oral feeding of a predominantly carbohydrate banana meal or an intragastric solution resulted in a significant delay in periodic activity fronts and a significant increase in jejunal postprandial spike activity over fasted irregular spike activity. Increases in postprandial spike activity appeared to parallel increases in the serum glucose concentration. These studies demonstrate that phasic fasting spike activity occurs in the primate small intestine and that this activity is disrupted by oral feeding. Carbohydrates were responsible for the increased postprandial spike activity and for the disruption of regular spike activity after meals. A local effect of the carbohydrate is the most likely explanation. With carbohydrate or fat solutions, changes can occur in postprandial spike activity independent of the delay in periodic activity front activity. The increase in postprandial spike activity and the postprandial delay in periodic activity front activity appear to be controlled through separate mechanisms. PMID- 6628930 TI - Quantitative fecal indium 111-labeled leukocyte excretion in the assessment of disease in Crohn's disease. AB - The assessment of disease activity in Crohn's disease involves determination of either clinical indexes (e.g., Crohn's disease activity index) or laboratory measurements (e.g., C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate). These have the disadvantage of being indirect and nonspecific correlates of gut inflammation. We have assessed disease activity in Crohn's disease by measurement of fecal leukocyte excretion after intravenous administration of either 111In labeled mixed leukocyte or pure granulocyte preparations. With mixed leukocyte preparations, fecal excretion of radioactivity correlated with Crohn's disease activity index (r = 0.78, p less than 0.001) and C-reactive protein (r = 0.74, p less than 0.01). Using pure granulocytes, fecal 111In excretion (range 1.5%-52%) was much higher than with mixed leukocytes (range 0.1%-11.0%), showing significant correlations with Crohn's disease activity index (r = 0.731, p less than 0.001), C-reactive protein (r = 0.716, p less than 0.001), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r = 0.676, p less than 0.001). Quantitative fecal excretion of 111In-leukocytes is a new method of assessing disease activity in Crohn's disease, specific for bowel inflammation and suitable for objective assessment of disease activity in therapeutic trials. PMID- 6628931 TI - Content and turnover of rat intestinal microvillus membrane aminopeptidase. Effect of methylprednisolone. AB - The reasons for the difference in aminopeptidase activity between jejunum and ileum and the changes in enzyme activity after corticosteroid administration were investigated in rat small intestine. The aminopeptidase activity of microvillus membrane in jejunum was higher than in ileum. Methylprednisolone treatment enhanced the enzyme activity in both regions. The amount of enzyme as measured by a competitive radioimmunoassay was higher in jejunum than in ileum, and methylprednisolone administration increased the content of aminopeptidase in both regions. The kinetic parameters of aminopeptidase from both regions showed no difference and were not affected by methylprednisolone treatment. The maximum incorporation of [3H]glucosamine into immunoprecipitable aminopeptidase in jejunum was greater than in ileum, and methylprednisolone administration increased the incorporation in both regions. The degradation rate of aminopeptidase in jejunum was higher than in ileum, and methylprednisolone administration had no effect on the rate of degradation in either region. It was concluded that jejunum has a greater content of aminopeptidase than ileum due to a higher rate of enzyme synthesis, and that methylprednisolone administration increases the enzyme content by increasing the synthetic rate. PMID- 6628932 TI - Adult cystic fibrosis: postprandial response of gut regulatory peptides. AB - Responses of 11 gastrointestinal regulatory peptides to a standard test meal were assessed in 10 adult patients with cystic fibrosis. The basal plasma neurotensin was significantly elevated in patients with cystic fibrosis, being 31.5 +/- 6.1 pmol/L compared with a control value of 10.3 +/- 1.5 pmol/L (p less than 0.005). Plasma neurotensin remained elevated throughout the test period. Basal plasma enteroglucagon was similarly elevated, the patients with fibrocystic disease having levels of 51.3 +/- 4.6 pmol/L compared to controls with levels of 33.2 +/- 6.7 pmol/L (p less than 0.02). There was, however, no significant difference in postprandial levels of plasma enteroglucagon. Postprandial motilin was significantly elevated in the patients with cystic fibrosis; this elevation is in contrast with previous findings in children. Release of gastric inhibitory polypeptide was impaired, while release of cholecystokinin showed no significant difference in control values, although there was a tendency for delay. There was no significant postprandial rise of pancreatic polypeptide in the patients, whose levels were grossly lower than controls. Insulin showed a delayed response. No significant differences were observed between patients and controls in levels of gastrin, pancreatic glucagon, somatostatin, or vasoactive intestinal peptide. The elevation of plasma neurotensin and enteroglucagon in the basal state may reflect an adaptive response and may be part of the improved digestive function in adults compared with children with fibrocystic disease. PMID- 6628933 TI - Temperature-dependent symptoms in a patient with esophageal motor disease. AB - Patients with esophageal motor disease have been known to develop symptoms (chest pain, or dysphagia, or both) upon ingestion of warm or cold beverages. A patient with an esophageal motor disorder is described from whom a history of marked symptoms related to bolus temperature was elicited. Manometric monitoring during the administration of wet swallows with cold and warm water boluses reproducibly altered primary swallows from normal amplitude (74 +/- 7 mmHg) peristaltic contractions (warm boluses) to low amplitude (9 +/- 1.0 mmHg) aperistaltic contractions (cold boluses). The striking correlation between clinical history and manometric findings supports altered peristalsis as one mechanism for the development of symptoms related to bolus temperature in patients with esophageal motor disease. PMID- 6628934 TI - Digestive disease and aging: past neglect and future promise. PMID- 6628935 TI - The case of the disappearing pancreatic digestive enzymes. PMID- 6628936 TI - Serum pepsinogen assays and gastric acid secretion. PMID- 6628937 TI - Bezoars and bowel obstruction. PMID- 6628938 TI - Postoperative bezoars (persimmon and others): further considerations. PMID- 6628939 TI - Postoperative phytobezoars. PMID- 6628940 TI - [Significance of the hyperglobulia factor in the hemostasis in patients with erythremia]. PMID- 6628941 TI - [Informative analysis of components of the system of regulation of blood coagulation in chronic ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6628942 TI - [Thrombohemorrhagic syndrome in patients with rheumatism and the effectiveness of various types of complex treatment]. PMID- 6628943 TI - [Physiological intravascular activation of blood coagulation]. PMID- 6628944 TI - [Latent disorders of blood coagulation in patients with hemorrhage, detected by the micromethod of fibrinogen determination]. PMID- 6628945 TI - [Immunoelectrophoretic study of the fibrinolytic activity of the blood]. PMID- 6628946 TI - [Effect of different doses of thrombin on the properties of a fibrin clot]. PMID- 6628947 TI - [Selection of daily dose of heparin for controlled anticoagulation therapy]. PMID- 6628948 TI - [New data on the role of kidneys in regulation of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis]. PMID- 6628949 TI - [Blood coagulation factors as biologically active compounds]. PMID- 6628950 TI - [Obtaining highly purified fibrinogen preparations and fibrinogen antibodies]. PMID- 6628951 TI - [Structure of the physiological functional supersystem of regulation of blood coagulation]. PMID- 6628952 TI - [Classification of iron deficiency anemia]. PMID- 6628953 TI - [Lipid content of various types of peripheral blood leukocytes in healthy persons]. PMID- 6628954 TI - [Dual nature of the effect of antibodies on electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes]. PMID- 6628955 TI - [Scientific-organizational principles and methodological approaches to the system of introduction into practice the results of research conducted at the leading institute]. PMID- 6628956 TI - [Changes in the proportion of the types of colony-forming units after repeated administration of small doses of glucocorticoids]. PMID- 6628957 TI - [Infusion of solution of novocaine and various drugs and other substances into the venous bed of the bones in frostbite of the limbs]. PMID- 6628958 TI - [Effect of combined administration of thrombin and heterologous blood on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in dogs]. PMID- 6628959 TI - [Fractionation of peripheral blood erythrocytes]. PMID- 6628960 TI - [Correction of mineral composition of protein hydrolysates with high-linked cationite]. PMID- 6628961 TI - [Training of hematologists, specialists in laboratory diagnosis, in a medical institute]. PMID- 6628962 TI - Influence of an early grafted adenohypophysis on the thyroid of the chick embryo. AB - A hypophyseal pars distalis from an 11-day-old chick embryonic donor was implanted in the extraembryonic coelom of a 3-day-old recipient in order to evaluate the reactions of the thyroid of the host embryo and thus the functional capabilities of the grafted pituitary related to the thyroid. The graft did not modify the general growth of the embryo, but strongly influenced thyroidal development. The volume, colloid content, and radioiodide uptake of the thyroid gland were significantly increased, from Day 10 of incubation, compared with controls, as was the development of cytological structures, studied with the electron microscope. However, all these characteristics progressively returned to normal values between Days 14 and 17, in spite of the presence of this additional hypophysis. The grafted hypophysis thus acted autonomously during a first period resulting in increased stimulation of the thyroid. However, from Day 14, the influence of the graft decreased progressively and disappeared after Day 16. This signified the loss of its autonomy, and the mechanism of this loss, particularly the possible role of the hypothalamus, is discussed. PMID- 6628963 TI - Effects of monosodium L-glutamate on pituitary innervation in goldfish, Carassius auratus. AB - Monosodium L-glutamate was injected intraperitoneally into goldfish at a dosage of 2.5 mg/g body wt. The first noticeable effect in the pituitary, 30 min postinjection, was marked swelling of pituicytes in the neurohypophysis (NH). Eighteen hours postinjection a large number of degenerating type B fibers were found in the NH of the proximal pars distalis (PPD), while all type A fibers, and type B fibers in other parts of the pituitary, remained unaffected. Because glutamate causes a lesion in the nucleus lateral tuberis (NLT), from the anterior margin of the pituitary stalk through to the posterior end of the nucleus, and a minor lesion in the nucleus preopticus periventricularis, it is likely that the NLT is the origin of the degenerative type B fibers in the proximal NH. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to the neuroendocrine regulation of the pituitary functions in goldfish. PMID- 6628964 TI - Control of the hormonal secretions of quail embryo gonads (normal and DES treated): in vitro effects of testosterone and of hCG. AB - In vitro effects of factors such as testosterone or hCG on steroidogenesis by 12 day quail embryo gonads have been investigated by radioimmunoassays. The purpose was to compare the hormonal potentialities (estradiol, estrone, and dihydrotestosterone; E1, E2, DHT) of normal and diethylstilbestrol-treated gonads. The results demonstrate that the reduced steroid production by the treated ovaries does not result from their inability to respond to both factors, but reflects their weakened stimulation in vivo at the time of explantation. On the other hand, the secreting abilities of the DES-treated male gonads do not greatly differ from those of normal testes; even in the presence of favorable factors, and despite their feminization, the ovotestes are effectively unable to produce significative amounts of estradiol. These results are compared with others obtained elsewhere in quail and in chick embryos. PMID- 6628965 TI - The role of hormones in regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in the Australian lungfish Neoceratodus forsteri. AB - Adrenaline, arginine vasopressin, arginine vasotocin, and glucagon, all at 10(-6) M, stimulate glycogen breakdown and glucose release from hepatic tissue of Neoceratodus forsteri cultured in vitro. Adrenaline acts via a beta-adrenergic receptor in this species. Gluconeogenesis from 2 mM lactate occurred at a rate of 680 +/- 39 nmol/g liver/h. This rate of gluconeogenesis was unaffected by the addition of 10(-6) M adrenaline. PMID- 6628966 TI - Methionine enkephalin-induced changes in pigmentation of zebrafish (Cyprinidae, Brachydanio rerio) and related species and varieties, measured videodensitometrically. I. Zebrafish. AB - The ability of MSH and of methionine enkephalin (met-E) to induce dispersion of pigment granules was examined in melanophores and in xanthophores of the zebrafish Brachydanio rerio using the melanophore index (MI) and videodensitometry. Both methods gave similar results. In B. rerio both MSH and met-E induced pigment dispersion in dermal melanophores, in fin and peritoneal melanophores, and in xanthophores. Darkening lasted a few hours. However, met-E induced darkening developed 40-50 min later and faded more slowly than the effect of MSH. Both effects were dose related. Naloxone prevented met-E-induced darkening while it did not interfere with the MSH-induced effect. Epidermal melanophores did not react to either MSH or met-E. Thus met-E proved to induce changes of coloration when injected into a fish. Our data suggest a central mechanism involved in met-E-mediated change of coloration in zebrafish under the conditions examined. A new approach was suggested for objective measurement of the mean body darkness of the fish with the help of computational videodensitometry. Our fist results indicate a proportionality between the MI evaluation and videodensitometry. PMID- 6628967 TI - Methionine enkephalin-induced changes in pigmentation of zebrafish (Cyprinidae, Brachydanio rerio) and related species and varieties, measured videodensitometrically. II. Pearl and gold danios. AB - In the fish Brachydanio albolineatus (pearl danio) MSH-induced darkening was similar to that of the B. rerio (zebrafish). However, they showed a greatly reduced response to methionine enkephalin (met-E) though these fish apparently have normal dermal melanophores. This suggests a central nature of met-E-induced darkening and on the other hand at least a partial lack of MSH production and/or release in response to met-E in these fish. Therefore this reduction in the response to met-E may involve a partial lack of opiate receptors in the cells that provide or stimulate MSH production in the pearl danio. In the B. rerio gold mutant met-E appeared to be able to induce production and/or release of MSH, but these fish have almost no dermal melanophores (except a few in the dorsal and tail fins) and therefore show no darkening in response to either MSH or met-E. PMID- 6628969 TI - Thyroid hormone levels in an egg-laying mammal, the platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus. AB - Serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels were measured in wild caught platypuses in southeastern Australia in summer (February) and late winter (September). There was little seasonal difference in thyroid hormone levels. Males had lower levels of both T4 and T3 than did females, but this was only statistically significant for T3. Juveniles had higher levels than adults. The levels of thyroxine ranged from 37 to 136 nmol . liter-1, and triiodothyronine from 0.3 to 1.7 nmol . liter-1. These thyroxine levels are much higher than found in marsupials or the other egg-laying mammal, the echidma, and it is suggested that they may be associated with the platypus' relatively high metabolism and growth rate. PMID- 6628968 TI - Progesterone and its reductive metabolism in steroidogenic tissues of the developing hen embryo. AB - Progesterone contents of adrenals and ovaries and the--mainly reductive- metabolism of [3H]progesterone by these organs and liver were investigated in hen embryos between Days 13 and 21 (hatching). Progesterone contents are similar in adrenals and ovaries on Day 13 (approx 3.5 ng/mg) but descend in characteristic manners toward Day 17 and rise steeply, only in the ovaries, then descend in these organs toward hatching. [3H]Progesterone is converted by the adrenals toward 12 main metabolites, the main glucocorticoid being corticosterone (B), and the main reduced metabolite, 5 beta-pregnane-3,20 dione (5 beta-P). On day 13, 5 beta-P is five times as important as B, but both steroids evolve in a symmetric fashion, so that at hatching this proportion is reversed. In all tissues at all stages, except the liver on Day 13, the yields of 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20 dione (5 alpha-P) are one order of magnitude below those of 5 beta-P. Both diones exhibit maxima on Day 17, probably extending until Day 19. Concomitantly, [3H]progesterone disappearance is maximal on Day 17. Both ovaries differ in the shape of their 5 alpha-P/5 beta-P curves in that the left ovary exhibits for this curve a function ascending continuously toward hatching. PMID- 6628970 TI - The dynamics of the steroidogenic response of perfused Xenopus testis explants to gonadotropins. AB - The dynamics of androgen production by perfused Xenopus testis explants has been investigated under various gonadotropic stimulations. Androgens were measured in perfusate by radioimmunoassay. The behavior of hormones in the perfusion system was assessed. Pieces of testis were capable of producing androgens after more than 20 hr in perifusion. Amplitude and duration of the response to a gonadotropic stimulation were the same 3 and 10 hr after the beginning of the experiment. After stimulation by pituitary extract, hCG, or carp GTH, there was a rapid tenfold increase in androgen secretion with a maximum after 1.5 hr and then a slow decrease to a basal line level. A typical log dose-response curve was obtained with hCG and cGTH. After 6 hr continuous stimulation by pituitary extract, steroid secretion increased and reached a plateau 4 hr later. The decrease occurred only after the end of stimulation. The same amount of pituitary extract injected into the column at the rate of 4 min stimulations every hr gave the same type of response. As far as is known, the present data are the first on perifusion systems on the testes of lower vertebrates. PMID- 6628972 TI - Steroid metabolism in fish. II. Testosterone metabolites in the bile of the marine winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus and the freshwater Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar. AB - Intraarterial injection of [3H]testosterone in the flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus and the landlocked salmon Salmo salar resulted in the concentration of radioactive catabolites in the gall bladder bile. The catabolites were quantitatively conjugated with glucuronic acid. In flounder bile, three steroids, testosterone, 5 beta-dihydrotestosterone and 5 beta-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta diol accounted for most of the radioactivity. Quantitatively the concentration of 5 beta-dihydrotestosterone usually exceeded that of the other two compounds. In salmon bile, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone was also present as a minor catabolite and the dihydrotestosterones accounted for approximately one-half the total radioactivity. In both species there was evidence for trace amounts of 5 beta androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol, 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol, and 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol but no evidence for 5 beta- or 5 alpha androstanolones, 4-androstene-3 alpha,17 beta-diol, or its 3 beta-epimer. There were no obvious sex-related differences in the composition of the biliary testosterone metabolites. PMID- 6628971 TI - Thyroid and gonad in the oxidative metabolism, erythropoiesis, and light response of the migratory redheaded bunting, Emberiza bruniceps. AB - In the thyroidectomized, adult male redheaded bunting exposed to a L/D cycle of 15/09, there were no significant changes in body weight, gonad size, respiratory rates of whole body, liver, muscle, red blood cell number, hemoglobin concentration, or hematocrit, unlike in intact birds. Further, while testosterone appeared as effective as L-T4 in determining body weight, gonadal size, and activity and oxygen uptake by skeletal muscle, it was of greater significance for kidney respiration and of secondary importance in its influence on blood morphology and respiratory rates of the liver and of the whole body of the bird. PMID- 6628973 TI - The hemopoietic character of the "cephalic gland" in the crayfish Orconectes limosus. AB - Topographical, histological, and radioimmunological reinvestigations of the "cephalic gland" in the head of the crayfish Orconectes limosus demonstrated that this tissue is not of an endocrine nature. It is a part of the hemopoietic tissue and does not produce ecdysteroids. PMID- 6628974 TI - Photoperiodic time measurement in seasonal reproduction of the weaver bird (Ploceus philippinus). AB - Use of a circadian clock in photoperiodic time measurement is demonstrated in the tropical photoperiodic weaver bird with the help of resonance, ahemeral, and asymmetrical skeleton photoperiods. Different asymmetrical skeleton photoperiods and seasonal scotophase scans indicate (1) that light entrains endogenous circadian rhythms (ECR) of photosensitivity and the position of the photoinducible phase shifts according to the length of the basic photoperiod, (2) a seasonal variation in response to asymmetrical skeleton photoperiods, and (3) dissociation in the two gonadotrophins LH and FSH and a possibility of two distinct ECRs of photosensitivity for LH and FSH. Annual phasing of the ECRs of photosensitivity of the two gonadotrophins and/or interaction of hormones might be involved in the seasonal reproduction and photosensitivity of this bird. PMID- 6628975 TI - Isolation of neurosecretory granules containing cytochromogenic hormone activity from the corpora cardiaca of Blaberus discoidalis cockroaches. AB - Neurosecretory granules (NSG) were isolated by differential centrifugation from a homogenate of the corpora cardiaca-corpora allata complex of newly emerged, adult, female Blaberus discoidalis cockroaches. By centrifuging at 11,000 g, the procedure yielded a final pellet that was enriched in small, membrane-bound vesicles (103 nm mean diameter). This pellet contained 61% of the cytochromogenic activity present in the original homogenate at an 11-fold increase in concentration. A pellet formed at 4000 g contained a mixture of mitochondria and larger NSG (146 nm mean diameter) and most of the hindgut-stimulating hormone activity. This procedure provided a quick, simple method for purifying neurosecretory granules and separating them into two categories of size and endocrine content. PMID- 6628976 TI - Testosterone stimulation of DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activities in the cloacal and uropygial glands of the male quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). AB - DNA polymerase alpha and beta activities were studied and compared in the cloacal gland and the uropygial gland (sebaceous-like gland) taken from castrated quails after testosterone administration. In the cloacal gland, testosterone induced an important increase in DNA polymerase alpha while DNA polymerase beta was not found to be altered. In the uropygial gland, testosterone induced a cyclic variation of DNA polymerase alpha activity which may relate to the holocrine function of this gland. PMID- 6628977 TI - Ultrastructure of the sinus gland and lateral cephalic nerve plexus in the isopod Ligia oceanica (Crustacea Oniscoidea). AB - Isopod crustaceans have two distinct cephalic neurohemal organs: the sinus gland (SG) and lateral cephalic nerve plexus (LCNP). The present study of Ligia oceanica was designed to ascertain the ultrastructure, during the moulting cycle, of the terminals constituting the SG and LCNP, both of which store and release neurosecretory material, and to trace these terminals to their probable origin in neurosecretory perikarya. The SG was observed to contain four types of terminals (I, II, III, and IV) assigned, on the basis of the appearance of their neurosecretory granules, to four types of neurosecretory cells in the protocerebrum (beta 1, beta 2, B1, and Bu). When the same morphological criteria were applied to the LCNP, two types of terminals were found--III' and IV'. Type III' was thought to originate in the Bp plexus cells and in the B2 cells of the suboesophageal ganglion. The origins of Type IV' terminals were believed to be the Bu and Bm cells of this ganglion. Release from both the GS and LCNP occurred by exocytosis. The discussion attempts to relate the ultrastructural variations observed in the SG and LCNP with existing data on the neuroendocrine regulation of the moult. Such regulation involves the two antagonistic hormones (moult inhibiting and moult-accelerating) which determine the circulating ecdysteroid level. It is also suggested that the plexus cells are the site of synthesis of a factor controlling the release of the exuviation factor. PMID- 6628978 TI - Response of prolactin cells in the goldfish adapted to diluted seawater with or without calcium. AB - The activity of prolactin (PRL) cells was investigated in goldfish gradually adapted to diluted (30%) artificial seawater (ASW) or directly immersed in 23% ASW and in similar saline solutions free of calcium. When Ca2+ is omitted, PRL cells appear slightly more active than those in saline solutions with calcium, nuclear areas having intermediate values between those in freshwater (FW) and those in diluted SW. Nuclear areas are also slightly larger in Mg-free SW. Other signs of stimulation are not apparent. These data are compared to those obtained in other teleost species. The lack of stimulation in PRL cells of goldfish adapted to deionized water (DW) suggests that calcium plays a minor role in controlling prolactin secretion in this teleost. PMID- 6628979 TI - Immunocytochemical identification of the mesotocin- and vasotocin-producing systems in the brain of temperate and desert lizard species and their modifications by cold exposure. AB - Using immunofluorescent techniques, mesotocin (MT) and vasotocin (VT) neurosecretory systems were identified in the brain of different lizards: one temperate species living in southern France and three desert species coming from southern Algeria. In the four species, MT and VT were shown to be synthesized in specific neurons located in the anterior preoptic area (POA), the supraoptic (SON), paraventricular (PVN), and ventromedial (VMN) nuclei. The neurosecretory axons of the POA neurons terminated in the vicinity of the lamina terminalis; in the three desert species, several additional VT fibers extended more rostrally, going into the olfactory bulb. The axons originating in SON, PVN, and VMN ended either in the external zone of the rostral median eminence (ME) near the adenohypophyseal portal vessels, or in the neural lobe of the hypophysis. A short exposure to cold (4 degrees) in some specimens of Lacerta muralis induced a differential response in the dorsal and ventral parts of the PVN. Whereas the dorsal part remained unchanged, the ventral part instead appeared to be essentially composed of small neurons void of secretory granules. Cold exposure also led to a marked accumulation of both MT and VT in the internal zone of the ME, but of only VT in the external ME zone. On the other hand, a conspicuous amount of MT appeared in adenohypophyseal cells. PMID- 6628980 TI - Effects of estrogen and progesterone on serum prolactin and luteinizing hormone levels in ovariectomized turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). AB - Serum prolactin (PRL) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels from mature female turkeys were determined following ovariectomy and daily subcutaneous injections for 4 or 9 days of 0.002-2.0 mg/kg estradiol benzoate (EB), 0.05-2.0 mg/kg progesterone (P), or their combinations. Serum PRL levels were increased (P less than 0.05) at the onset of sexual maturity in intact controls, but not in ovariectomized turkeys. Injection of 0.02 mg/kg EB into ovariectomized turkeys resulted in elevated (P less than 0.05) serum PRL levels after 8 treatment days. Higher doses failed to elicit a response of greater magnitude. EB at doses of 0.02-2.0 mg/kg reduced LH levels while 0.002 mg/kg EB increased LH levels above (P less than 0.05) those of ovariectomized controls. The 1.0-mg/kg P dose increased (P less than 0.05) serum PRL within 24-48 hr of administration while the 0.05-, 0.5-, or 2.0-mg/kg P doses failed to elicit a response. When P was injected in doses of 0.5-2.0 mg/kg, LH levels were decreased in a dose-response manner. The injection of EB combined with P had a variable effect on serum PRL levels. The 0.5- or 1.0-mg/kg dose of P facilitated (advanced in time) the rise in serum PRL level induced by 0.02 mg/kg of EB. In contrast, the positive feedback effect of 0.2 mg/kg of EB was blocked when administered with 0.5 mg/kg of P. Serum LH levels were dramatically decreased by all steroid combinations used. These results indicate that daily injections of EB and/or P in ovariectomized turkeys have a variable effect on serum PRL and LH levels depending upon the dose, the duration of treatment, or the ratio between EB and P. PMID- 6628981 TI - A comparison of the female reproductive cycles of autumn-spawning and winter spawning strains of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson). AB - Annual changes in the plasma concentration of testosterone, 17 beta-estradiol, 17 alpha-hydroxy-20 beta-dihydroprogesterone, vitellogenin, and gonadotrophin were monitored by radioimmunoassay in females of autumn- and winter-spawning strains of rainbow trout. The annual profile of steroids and of vitellogenin, and the relationships between these parameters, were similar in the two strains, except that most changes occurred 2 months later in the winter-spawning strain than they did in the autumn-spawning strain. The times during which most fish ovulated in each strain were approximately 3 months apart, while gonadotrophin peaks, which were only detected about the time of ovulation, were 4 months apart. This phase shifting between the strains is discussed in terms of the environmental control of the reproductive cycle. PMID- 6628982 TI - Evolutionary relationship of DNA sequences in finite populations. AB - With the aim of analyzing and interpreting data on DNA polymorphism obtained by DNA sequencing or restriction enzyme technique, a mathematical theory on the expected evolutionary relationship among DNA sequences (nucleons) sampled is developed under the assumption that the evolutionary change of nucleons is determined solely by mutation and random genetic drift. The statistical property of the number of nucleotide differences between randomly chosen nucleons and that of heterozygosity or nucleon diversity is investigated using this theory. These studies indicate that the estimates of the average number of nucleotide differences and nucleon diversity have a large variance, and a large part of this variance is due to stochastic factors. Therefore, increasing sample size does not help reduce the variance significantly The distribution of sample allele (nucleomorph) frequencies is also studied, and it is shown that a small number of samples are sufficient in order to know the distribution pattern. PMID- 6628983 TI - The treatment capabilities of psychiatric emergency services. AB - The author describes the treatment capabilities of a psychiatric emergency service. Psychiatric emergency facilities have become an integral part of general hospitals and the mental health system, and are used increasingly by patients. The author defines the treatment goals of psychiatric emergency care as, (1) symptomatic relief, (2) maintenance of ongoing treatment, and (3) referral and facilitation for entering treatment. The treatment techniques include an integration of psychologic, pharmacologic, and physical management principles. The qualities needed by an emergency service clinician to work in such a setting are described. Implications for training and research are discussed. PMID- 6628984 TI - Stresses and coping in ICU nursing: why support groups fail. AB - A successful nurse support group was contrasted with two unsuccessful support groups. The authors concluded that support groups work best if they are initiated in response to a felt need by the nurses, if the nurses have experienced the group leader as helpful in the past, if the group is highly structured and does not allow early discharge of intense negative feelings, and if the group's problems are primarily interpersonal and can be dealt with in the group and not primarily environmental or administrative problems such as noise, overcrowding, or understaffing. PMID- 6628985 TI - Utilization pattern of a Canadian psychiatric consultation service. AB - The authors reviewed 255 psychiatric consultations in a Canadian teaching general hospital over a one-year period. The majority of the patients were referred from the medical and surgical services. The three most commonly stated reasons for referral were either parasuicidal behavior, depression, or psychological conflicts affecting physical illness. The three most common primary psychiatric diagnoses were: affective disorders, organic brain syndromes, and transient situational disturbances. The factors influencing compliance among the patients referred for psychiatric ambulatory treatment were studied. Compliance was defined as attendance at the first appointment. Of the 42.8% of the patients referred for ambulatory psychiatric treatment, 54% complied. PMID- 6628986 TI - Medical illness in chronic psychiatric outpatients. AB - A careful physical and laboratory evaluation of 144 chronic psychiatric outpatients revealed medical illnesses in 26%. Chart review indicated that 13% of the patients had illnesses that were previously undetected and that 13% of the patients received some form of new treatment because of the evaluation. The majority of the illnesses did not appear to have directly caused or exacerbated psychiatric symptoms. Because medical illnesses were relatively common in this population, psychiatrists caring for chronic psychiatric outpatients often need to assume some of the health care referral and coordinating functions typically associated with a primary care physician. PMID- 6628987 TI - Once more into the breach: doubts about liaison psychiatry. AB - The author, a consultation/liaison psychiatrist, reviews five important questions about liaison work which are pressing, but remain unanswered. With some trepidation, he seeks to temper the enthusiasm of his colleagues who, by prematurely promising more than can ever be delivered in the name of "holistic" and "biopsychosocial" medicine, may lead our discipline astray. PMID- 6628988 TI - Liaison psychiatry and its dilemmas. PMID- 6628989 TI - What model of liaison psychiatry meets whose needs? PMID- 6628990 TI - Haematopoietic role for Patch (Ph) revealed by new W mutant (Wct) in mice. PMID- 6628991 TI - Oocyte specific regulation of PGK-1 isozyme activity in female germ cells of the mouse. PMID- 6628992 TI - Effect of the sequences upstream from the ribosome-binding site on the yield of protein from the cloned gene for phage MS2 coat protein. AB - The translational efficiency of the coat protein gene of phage MS2 has been examined in vivo with respect to neighbouring sequences. The cloned MS2 DNA has been gradually shortened starting at the 5' or 3' terminus, and its effect on coat protein synthesis monitored. Removal of the 3'-terminal sequences had little influence. In contrast, the gradual removal of the 5'-terminal region profoundly reduces translation. Long before the ribosomal binding site (RBS) of the coat protein (CP) gene is reached, the yield of CP has dropped by one order of magnitude. Functional half-lives of the various messengers were found not to be significantly different. Available evidence indicates that the secondary structure of the RBS in native and shortened MS2 RNA is identical. We infer that important determinants for ribosome recognition lie 5' to the RBS region of the MS2 RNA coat gene. PMID- 6628993 TI - In vitro replication directed by a cloned adenovirus origin. AB - A 5.7-kb recombinant plasmid, called XD-7, contains the terminal XbaI-E fragment from the left end of type 2 adenovirus cloned into the EcoRI site of pBR322. An average of 9% +/- 1% of input supercoiled, protein-free XD-7 DNA replicated as rolling circles with single-stranded tails ranging up to unit length and longer in reaction mixtures containing nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts from adenovirus infected, but not uninfected, HeLa cells. The adenovirus origin was mapped on XD 7 by electron microscopy at the left boundary of the cloned adenovirus segment. Since replication proceeded rightwards, we conclude that the adenovirus l strand was displaced during replication. No origin was located at or near the EcoRI site on pBR322. Reversing the orientation of the adenovirus origin reversed the direction of replication, and deletion of the adenovirus origin abolished replication. PMID- 6628994 TI - Mutational mapping of a cloned adenovirus origin. AB - We have developed a standardized, quantitative assay to study the function of a cloned adenovirus origin. We have shown that the adenovirus origin is located within the first 20 bp of the adenovirus inverted terminal repetition (ITR), a region containing a sequence conserved among human, simian, murine, and avian adenoviruses. Deletions removing or penetrating from either direction into the conserved sequence inactivated the cloned adenovirus origin. A point mutation within the conserved sequence impaired the adenovirus origin, but point mutations outside the conserved sequence had no effect. These results strongly suggest that the conserved sequence within the first 20 bp of the ITR alone constitutes the adenovirus origin (ori) signal. PMID- 6628995 TI - A general method for the transfer of cloned genes to plant cells. AB - This paper describes a method for the transfer to plant cells of any cloned gene, regardless of its termini or internal restriction enzyme cleavage sites. A broad host-range intermediate vector, pGV1117, was constructed containing HindIII-23, a right-end T-region fragment of the nopaline plasmid pTiC58. Using in vivo protection by EcoRI methylase and EcoRI linker ligation, a fragment of rabbit chromosomal DNA, carrying the beta-globin gene, was inserted into plasmid pGV1117. Following transmission to Agrobacterium tumefaciens, insertion of the gene into the T-region of pTiC58 occurred via in vivo recombination. Infection of axenic tobacco seedlings resulted in the transfer to the plant genome of an intact beta-globin gene, as part of the T-DNA. Although the gene was stably maintained during tissue culture, beta-globin-specific transcripts were not detected in the transformed plant cells. PMID- 6628997 TI - Tight linkage of retroviral-like sequences to a variant human c-mos gene in the human genome. AB - Chumakov et al. [Gene 17 (1982) 19-26] identified in the human gene library a number of recombinant phages that possess a homology to the v-mos gene. Here we report the unusual structure of one of these recombinants, lambda gp5. The 14.3 kb stretch of human DNA from this phage contains at least three regions of homology to the v-mos gene, together with multiple copies of Alu-family repeats. Moreover, we have shown the presence of retrovirus-related sequences in the close vicinity of the mos-homologous regions. These data point to the possibility of involvement of retrovirus in the process of c-mos gene amplification during the formation of a multigene family. PMID- 6628996 TI - Retrieval of human DNA from rodent-human genomic libraries by a recombination process. AB - Human Alu repeat ("BLUR") sequences have been cloned into the mini-plasmid vector piVX. The resulting piBLUR clones have been used to rescue selectively, by recombination, bacteriophage carrying human DNA sequences from genomic libraries constructed using DNA from rodent-human somatic cell hybrids. piBLUR clones are able to retrieve human clones from such libraries because at least one Alu family repeat is present on most 15 to 20 kb fragments of human DNA and because of the relative species-specificity of the sequences comprising the Alu family. The rapid, selective plaque purification achieved results in the construction of a collection of recombinant phage carrying diverse human DNA inserts from a specific subset of the human karyotype. Subfragments of two recombinants rescued from a mouse-human somatic cell hybrid containing human chromosomes X, 10, 13, and 22 were mapped to human chromosomes X and 13, respectively, demonstrating the utility of this protocol for the isolation of human chromosome-specific DNA sequences from appropriate somatic cell hybrids. PMID- 6628998 TI - Transcriptional mapping of the rat liver mitochondrial genome. AB - We have identified and mapped nine discrete poly(A)-containing RNAs (RNA-2 to RNA 10) transcribed from rat liver mitochondrial DNA. The 5'-terminal fragments have been sequenced in five of these. The transcriptional map of rat mitochondrial DNA is homologous to those for mitochondrial DNAs of man and mice. The 5'-terminal nucleotide sequences of poly(A)-containing RNAs from rat liver mitochondria are similar in structure to those of HeLa cells studied by other authors; none of them have leader sequences. PMID- 6628999 TI - Hormones and aging: turning off "the aging switch". PMID- 6629000 TI - Stupor and coma. PMID- 6629001 TI - When to refer to an ophthalmologist. PMID- 6629002 TI - Vaccinating the elderly: will doctors join in? PMID- 6629003 TI - Cardiac drugs: the importance of "knowing how". PMID- 6629004 TI - Urinary tract infections in the elderly. PMID- 6629005 TI - Evaluation of cervical masses in the elderly. PMID- 6629006 TI - Higher education's pursuit of the lifelong learner. PMID- 6629007 TI - Knowledge and attitudes toward sexuality and sex education of a select group of older people. PMID- 6629008 TI - Educational backgrounds of older college student auditors: some exploratory findings. PMID- 6629009 TI - Training community mental health practitioners: the psychogeriatric training program. PMID- 6629010 TI - Education and consultation as a catalyst for development of mental health services for the elderly. PMID- 6629011 TI - Geropsychiatry training of medical students in a community mental health center setting. PMID- 6629012 TI - Establishing a dental geriatric curriculum. PMID- 6629013 TI - "Step on a crack, break an old man's back": learning assignments for social work students in the field of aging. PMID- 6629014 TI - Histology of aging. IV. Cartilage and bone tissues. PMID- 6629016 TI - Abdominal implantation of intraocular lenses resulting in the formation of reactive membranes. AB - For a better understanding of the cytological principles involved in the formation of reactive membranes on lens implants in the human eye, two kinds of modern implants were placed into the peritoneal space of mice. Continuous membranes mainly composed of macrophages were observed after 5 days. The membrane on a polymethylmethacrylate implant contained numerous large giant cells, while there were no giant cells on a glass implant. Implantation of intraocular lenses into the abdomen of mice is suggested as an excellent testing situation for implants of different composition and shape. PMID- 6629015 TI - Cone and rod ERGs in degenerations of central retina. AB - Sixty-four patients with retinal degenerations at the posterior pole were reviewed and their ERGs analysed. On the basis of symptoms, visual acuity, ophthalmoscopy and cone/rod ERG the patients were divided into five diagnostic groups: Stargardt's disease, fundus flavimaculatus, cone degeneration, dominant drusen and central retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Stargardt's disease and fundus flavimaculatus show low-normal or subnormal cone b-wave amplitudes, often with prolonged peak times; the rod ERG is rarely abnormal. Cone degeneration presents with reduced visual acuity, photophobia, nystagmus and minimal fundus changes. The ERG shows severely reduced cone b-waves and increased peak times; the rod b waves are in the low-normal or subnormal range. Dominantly inherited drusen, included for comparison, revealed little change in the ERG in spite of widespread ophthalmoscopic changes: b-wave amplitudes fall mostly in the low-normal range, and their peak times may be prolonged. RP of the central type reveals considerable variability in all clinical aspects, but the cone and rod ERGs are consistently greatly reduced, showing markedly increased peak times of the cone b waves. Recording of the Ganzfeld ERG with cone/rod separation thus proves useful in differentiating degenerations of the central retina. PMID- 6629017 TI - Control of experimental massive periretinal proliferation by daunomycin: dose response relation. AB - A condition similar to massive periretinal proliferation in man can be produced in rabbits by injecting homologous fibroblasts into the vitreous. We have studied the effect of daunomycin, a cytotoxic drug, in this model to determine a dose which would not be toxic to the retina but would be effective in preventing proliferation of the injected fibroblasts and eventual retinal detachment. The results of this study demonstrate that daunomycin at a dose of 9 nmol per eye reduces the incidence of retinal detachment by over 50%. Doses higher than 30 nmol per eye are toxic to the retina. PMID- 6629018 TI - Influence of low magnetic-field-strength variations on the retina and pineal gland of quail and humans. AB - Recently, Schulten postulated on the basis of his experiments and quantum mechanical calculations that variations of the strength of the earth's magnetic field may influence reactions in biological systems. In this paper groups of birds were subjected to different variations of low magnetic-field strength. The influence of these variations on the enzyme hydroxyindol-O-methyl transferase (HIOMT) was determined. HIOMT is unique to the retina and the pineal gland and seems to be involved in regulation of light-adaptation processes. A significant effect was found, which can be interpreted as being in agreement with Schulten's theory. These observations were further supported by our examination of the influence of magnetic field variation on human night-vision acuity. Whereas the magnetic influence on the avian retina may be interpreted in connection with navigation, the importance for the human retina remains to be elucidated. PMID- 6629019 TI - Immunomodulating properties and tissue distribution of aromatic retinoids in the immunologically responsive albino rabbit eye. AB - The effects of retinoid Ro 10-9359 no normal albino rabbit eyes and antigen induced intra-ocular inflammations were investigated. The distribution pattern of intravenously applied 3H--Ro 10-9359 correlated well with the sites of pharmacological action. Whereas immunologically naive rabbits showed a uveal uptake of 0.164 ng/g wet wt. tissue when 100 micrograms of Ro 10-9359 was administered intravenously, accumulation may amount up to 17.46 ng/g in secondary ocular immune responses. Ro 10-9359 accumulated markedly during secondary stimulation in the uvea, preauricular lymph nodes and the spleen. The chemotactic peptide NForm-Leu-Leu-Phe used to incite a hypopyon attracted Ro 10-9359 into the anterior chamber in vivo. This study indicates that the aromatic retinoid Ro 10 9359 is able to alter certain immune responses and may be involved in intercellular communication during secondary immune responses in the albino rabbit eye. PMID- 6629020 TI - Fine structure of the retinal rods and cones in the domestic pig. AB - The structure of the retinal photoreceptors of the domestic pig has been studied by both light and electron microscopy. In this species the photoreceptors can be traditionally and adequately differentiated into rods and cones, with rods being the more numerous. Rods are long, slender cells, while cones are shorter and stouter. Both rods and cones consist of an outer segment, a connecting cilium, an inner segment, a nuclear region and a synaptic process leading to a synaptic ending. Differences are noted between rods and cones for the various regions of these cells. What are presumed to be the displaced cell bodies of both rods and horizontal cells are often noted within the outer plexiform layer of this species. PMID- 6629021 TI - Pars plana vitrectomy in eyes with malignant melanoma. AB - Three patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage secondary to an intraocular malignant melanoma. In all three cases the tumour was unsuspected and had been missed during pre-operative ultrasound examination. In each case vitreous haemorrhage was caused by invasion and perforation of the sensory retina and tumour growth into the vitreous cavity with bleeding from large vessels near the tumour surface (Knapp-Ronne growth pattern). One 75-year old patient still has useful vision 3 years after surgery; in two patients the eyes were enucleated. Histology revealed in one case a diffuse spreading of tumour cells covering all intraocular surfaces: the posterior and anterior surface of the iris, the angle structures, the posterior corneal surface, and most of the inner retinal surface--probably due to transformation of growth pattern following vitrectomy. PMID- 6629022 TI - Azlocillin concentrations in human aqueous humor after intravenous and subconjunctival administration. AB - Twenty-nine patients received either 4 g intravenous infusion or 100 mg subconjunctival application of azlocillin 1-12 h before cataract extraction. After intravenous application the mean aqueous humor concentration of azlocillin was 4.4 micrograms/ml after 3 h. The subconjunctival dose produced a mean aqueous humor concentration of 78 micrograms/ml and 3.4 micrograms/ml after 3 and 12 h, respectively. These levels are above the minimum inhibitory concentration of azlocillin for sensitive organisms. PMID- 6629024 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the technology used in subsoil irrigation of industrial and household sewage]. PMID- 6629023 TI - Measuring the microcirculation in the human conjunctiva bulbi under normal and hyperperfusion conditions. AB - We present a system consisting of a slit lamp stereomicroscope and an adapted video system for the examination of the conjunctival microcirculation. This system permits measurement of the flow of erythrocytes in the vessels of the bulbar conjunctiva. We present values obtained from clinically normal individuals under normal conditions and under conditions of hyperperfusion. PMID- 6629025 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of polyurethane foam produced on laprol base]. PMID- 6629026 TI - [Sanitary and microbiological aspects of using treated municipal waste water for industrial water supply purposes]. PMID- 6629027 TI - [Long-term effects of aromatic amines and products of their transformation in water on the body]. PMID- 6629028 TI - [Effect of several chemical environmental factors on membranes and intracellular tissue structures]. PMID- 6629029 TI - [New cartography for the sanitary substantiation of complex regional planning]. PMID- 6629031 TI - [Characteristics of the functional state and body heat exchange in children of the indigenous population of Siberia]. PMID- 6629030 TI - [Molecular mechanisms of the action of furan polymers]. PMID- 6629032 TI - [Problem-oriented education and its role in the training of physician-hygienists and epidemiologists]. PMID- 6629033 TI - [Methodological aspects of the improvement of physicians in the field of child and adolescent health]. PMID- 6629034 TI - [Thin-layer chromatographic determination of air levels of pesticides used in the rotation of sugar beet crops]. PMID- 6629035 TI - [Method of predicting medico-chemical properties of styrol copolymer and methylmethacrylate]. PMID- 6629036 TI - [Detection by atomic absorption of mercury in the environment and biological materials]. PMID- 6629037 TI - [Microdispenser of gases for treating laboratory animals]. PMID- 6629038 TI - [Improvement of medical control in occupational hygiene]. PMID- 6629039 TI - [Developing forecasts of air quality]. PMID- 6629040 TI - [Experience in using automobile transport for air sampling]. PMID- 6629041 TI - [Methods and results of the medico-helmintologic study of the environment]. PMID- 6629042 TI - [Radiation health evaluation of the irradiation of the thyroid gland in children during thoracic radiography]. PMID- 6629043 TI - [Health assessment of the biological effects of oxygen deficiency in the environment]. PMID- 6629044 TI - [Experimental evidence for substantiating the maximum allowable concentration of nitrogen oxide in the atmospheric air]. PMID- 6629046 TI - [Experimental validation of the maximum allowable concentration of ferric chloride in water reservoirs]. PMID- 6629045 TI - [Hygienic regulations on the minimal level of magnesium in drinking water]. PMID- 6629048 TI - [Health standardization of Cyanox in water]. PMID- 6629047 TI - [Health standardization of sebacic and adipic acids in water reservoirs]. PMID- 6629049 TI - [Toxicity of compound products of thermo-oxidizing decomposition with regard to conditions of combustion]. PMID- 6629050 TI - [Method for assessing the actual load of electromagnetic exposure]. PMID- 6629051 TI - [Teaching child and adolescent hygiene to students of correspondence courses of pedagogical institutes]. PMID- 6629052 TI - [Schedules for students of correspondence courses during the examination period]. PMID- 6629053 TI - [Deontological aspects of child and adolescent hygiene in the formation of public health physicians]. PMID- 6629054 TI - [Magnetic and electric fields within the open distributing network of atomic power stations]. PMID- 6629055 TI - [Research in occupational medicine and occupational pathology in the implementation of the food program in the USSR]. PMID- 6629056 TI - [Occupational hygiene of construction workers at aluminum industrial plants]. PMID- 6629057 TI - [Dose-effect relationship in exposure to noise]. PMID- 6629058 TI - [Functional state and reserve potential of the circulatory system of workers of an oil processing plant]. PMID- 6629059 TI - [Comparative study of the sensitizing effects of metals of the platinum group]. PMID- 6629060 TI - [Working conditions in the complex processing of copper sulfide ores]. PMID- 6629061 TI - [Surface receptors of monocytes in silicosis patients]. PMID- 6629062 TI - [Improving working conditions in the production of extraction phosphoric acid from low-grade phosphorites]. PMID- 6629063 TI - [Sanitary and bacteriological studies of the air in the Metro]. PMID- 6629064 TI - [Working conditions in the manufacture and use of asphalt concrete for the construction of automobile roads]. PMID- 6629065 TI - [Working conditions in the production of complex coating plates with the use of new bitumen-polymer materials]. PMID- 6629066 TI - [Rehabilitation therapy of patients with chronic lung diseases, working in the oil-refining industry]. PMID- 6629067 TI - [Minor toxicometry, a new method of rapid standardization of substances in the air of work areas]. PMID- 6629068 TI - [Occupational pathology in glass polishers working in a decorative glassware plant in relation to working conditions]. PMID- 6629069 TI - [Ion-exchange filtering gas mask with visual indication of the degree of depletion of the gas absorber]. PMID- 6629070 TI - [A device for determining precision of movement]. PMID- 6629071 TI - [So-called manufacturing-caused diseases]. PMID- 6629072 TI - [Problems in the combined treatment of patients with occupational neurointoxications in the period after contact]. PMID- 6629073 TI - [Changes in delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity of the erythrocytes of workers under different levels of lead exposure]. PMID- 6629074 TI - [Threshold of the sensitizing action of formaldehyde and the allergy hazard of its action in exceeding the MPEL in the air of a work area]. PMID- 6629075 TI - [Intensity of the heat and physical load on workers in hot shops in present-day metallurgical manufacturer]. PMID- 6629076 TI - [Rheostat trials of diesel locomotives and their hygienic evaluation]. PMID- 6629077 TI - [Biological action of noises at identical levels with different spectral characteristics]. PMID- 6629078 TI - [Myocardial ischemia in rats exposed to infrasound]. PMID- 6629079 TI - [Lepestok-type universal light-duty respirators]. PMID- 6629080 TI - [Joint work experience of industrial hygiene and occupational disease institutes with practical public health organs]. PMID- 6629081 TI - [Occupational work capacity of female sewing-machine operators depending on health status and functional potentials]. PMID- 6629082 TI - [Work capacity and health status characteristics of young workers exposed to industrial noise and vibration]. PMID- 6629083 TI - [Effect of train work on the status of the peripheral color visual fields of locomotive brigade workers]. PMID- 6629085 TI - [Information from the Soviet Toxicology Center]. PMID- 6629084 TI - [Toxicological and hygienic characteristics of retting fluid]. PMID- 6629086 TI - [Experimental data for establishing the MPEL in contamination of the skin of the hands with aliphatic C5-C10 alcohols]. PMID- 6629087 TI - [Cadmium levels of the blood and amniotic fluid of women with physiological pregnancy and EPH gestosis]. PMID- 6629088 TI - [Cobalt content of the blood of healthy pregnant women and those with symptoms of EPH gestosis]. PMID- 6629089 TI - "Dialogue" with the child in the statements of Childbirth School participants. PMID- 6629090 TI - [Course of the neonatal period in infants with a birth weight up to 1000 g and follow-up of 5 infants from the group studied]. PMID- 6629091 TI - [Results of the surgical treatment of cervical cancer]. PMID- 6629092 TI - [Intrauterine dystrophy in the Wloclawek region. II. Type of risk factors and results of early treatment]. PMID- 6629093 TI - [Percutaneous puncture of the left atrium]. PMID- 6629094 TI - [Surgical anatomy of the right ventricular outflow tract in tetrad of Fallot]. PMID- 6629095 TI - [Results of pleurectomy and decortication of the lung in nonspecific pleural empyema]. PMID- 6629096 TI - [Causes of formation, prevention and treatment of residual cavities and recurrences of empyema following pleurectomy]. PMID- 6629097 TI - [Cicatricial stenosis of the trachea and its correction in children]. PMID- 6629098 TI - [Removal of foreign bodies from the respiratory tract by means of bronchoscope]. PMID- 6629099 TI - [Clinical picture, diagnosis and surgical treatment of congenital supravalvular stenosis of the aorta]. PMID- 6629100 TI - [Feasibility of bronchofibroscopy in children]. PMID- 6629102 TI - [Hemoglobin affinity for oxygen in patients with closed chest injuries]. PMID- 6629101 TI - [Central hemodynamics in patients with suppurative diseases of the lungs and pleura]. PMID- 6629103 TI - [Association of neuromuscular diseases of the cardia (cardiospasm and achalasia of the cardia) with gastroduodenal ulcers]. PMID- 6629104 TI - [Experimental basis for the possibility of esophagoplasty using the distal portion of the colon]. PMID- 6629105 TI - [Cystadenoma of the parathyroid gland in the posterior mediastinum]. PMID- 6629106 TI - [Single-stage removal of the left kidney and upper lobe of the right lung in hypernephroid cancer]. PMID- 6629107 TI - [Traumatic tracheoesophageal fistula]. PMID- 6629108 TI - [2 cases of perforation of an acute ulcer of the gastric fundus following thoracic surgery]. PMID- 6629109 TI - [Damage to the thoracic duct]. PMID- 6629110 TI - Pneumatic dilatation in achalasia. AB - To assess the value of pneumatic dilatation of the cardia, 63 patients with achalasia have undergone a total of 107 Rider-Moeller dilatations over the last six years. There was a marked improvement in swallowing immediately after dilatation in all but two patients, there were no deaths attributable to the procedure and serious complications were rare (1.6% of patients). The first 50 cases have been followed from nine to 73 months after their initial dilatation (mean follow-up 29.7 months). Twenty nine patients (58%) have not required a further dilatation, 19 patients (38%) required between one and three further dilatations and two patients (4%) required four more dilatations. Continuing need for further dilatation was significantly greater in those patients aged under 45 years than in those aged 45 or more at the time of their initial dilatation (p less than 0.001). Cardiomyotomy was necessary in five patients (10%), because of poor response to pneumatic dilatation; all five cases were under 45 years old at their initial dilatation. Pneumatic dilatation is a safe and effective treatment for achalasia, particularly in the older patient, and in our opinion should be the initial treatment for all patients with achalasia, reserving surgical cardiomyotomy for those who do not respond to several dilatations. PMID- 6629111 TI - Oesophageal mucosal changes in patients with varices. AB - Histological examination of oesophageal rings removed at transection for varices reveals dilated intraepithelial blood filled channels. These are present in all oesophageal rings removed at transection for varices. A comparison has been made between rings removed from variceal patients with oesophageal rings removed during resections for oesophageal and gastric tumours. Although a small number of non-varices patients had intraepithelial channels they were significantly larger and more numerous in the varices patients (p less than 0.01). Similarly, the area and number of dilated subepithelial channels (just beneath the epithelium) and the area of lamina propria channels were significantly greater in the varices patients (p less than 0.05). Depth of papillae and thickness of the squamous epithelium were also significantly greater in the varices group (p less than 0.05, p less than 0.01 respectively). Under electron microscopy the channels were lined with flattened cells which were not typical of endothelial cells but stained positively for Factor VIII related antigen using indirect immunofluorescence. These channels may correspond to the cherry-red spots seen on endoscopy and may have a role in the pathogenesis of variceal haemorrhage. PMID- 6629112 TI - Studies of the 'mucus-bicarbonate' barrier on rat fundic mucosa: the effects of luminal pH and a stable prostaglandin analogue. AB - Gastric mucosa may protect itself from acid peptic digestion by maintaining an alkaline barrier zone within the layer of mucus coating its surface. We have measured the pH gradient in the mucous layer in vivo, on the gastric mucosa of anaesthetised rats using antimony chloride micro pH electrodes. The maximum pH recordable adjacent to the epithelium was 7.43 +/- 0.56 (n = 8) when the luminal bathing solution pH was 2. Adjusting the luminal pH to 7.0 caused the maximal pH to rise to 7.88 (range 7.59 to 8.08), a value which is significantly higher than either luminal or reported intraepithelial pH and suggests that active secretion of alkali is involved. Pretreatment with 16-16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (20 micrograms subcutaneously) significantly increased the maximal intramucus pH to 7.89 +/- 0.45 (n = 8) when luminal pH was 2 and prevented the fall in intramucus pH induced by luminal aspirin (20 mM). It did not prevent falls in pH provoked by the mucolytic agent n-acetyl cysteine or by a high luminal activity (pH 1.4). These data indicate that an alkaline environment is maintained adjacent to gastric mucosa and that while this is enhanced by prostaglandin it may be compromised by high luminal acid concentrations or by removal of the support provided by mucus. These observations may be relevant to the mechanisms of gastric mucosal protection against acid peptic damage. PMID- 6629113 TI - Comparative studies of mononuclear phagocyte function in patients with Crohn's disease and colon neoplasms. AB - Phagocytosis and cellular cytotoxicity by mononuclear phagocytes of blood and intestinal mucosa were studied in patients with Crohn's disease and large bowel neoplasms. Antibody coated sheep erythrocytes were used for phagocytic assays and cellular cytotoxicity in vitro was measured by 24 hour isotope release from 75Selenium methionine-labelled RPMI 4788 human cancer cell cultures in the presence of mononuclear phagocyte-enriched effector populations. The mean percent of mononuclear phagocytes in Ficoll-Hypaque purified mononuclear cell suspensions of blood of healthy controls was 25.9 compared with 44.6 in patients with Crohn's disease, 45.6 in patients with colon neoplasms and 11.6 in intestinal mucosa. Phagocytic indices were similar in all groups, but the phagocytic capacity of mucosal macrophages was twice that of blood monocytes. Mean cytotoxicity of monocytes of patients with Crohn's disease was 12.8% compared with 22.9% for monocytes from normal controls, and 29.4% for patients with colon tumours. Mean cytotoxicity by mucosal macrophages was 18.0% compared with 13.2% by mucosal lymphocyte populations. Exposure of monocytes of Crohn's disease patients to bacterial lipopolysaccharide modestly increased cytotoxicity, but exposure did not alter phagocytosis by monocytes of patients or controls. The results indicate that monocytes of patients with Crohn's disease exhibit subnormal in vitro cytotoxicity. Mucosal macrophages from patients with various diseases show enhanced phagocytosis compared with blood monocytes, and they can mediate cellular cytotoxicity in vitro. PMID- 6629114 TI - Combination chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and 1,3-bis(2-chloro-ethyl)-1 nitrosourea (BCNU) prolongs survival of rats with dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer. AB - The effects of combination chemotherapy with 5FU and BCNU on rats with dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon cancer were investigated in a long term survival study. Eighty Wistar rats received a colon cancer producing regimen on DMH (40 mg/kg body weight/week, subcutaneously for 10 weeks). After presenting with signs of colonic disease, all rats underwent diagnostic laparotomy and colonoscopy when colon tumours were located, measured and the extent of the disease staged. Only animals with tumours (n = 63) were included and allocated to one of three tumour stages. Stage A (n = 17), had colonic tumours without serosal involvement; stage B (n = 28) had serosal involvement without metastases; stage C (n = 18) had serosal involvement with lymphadenopathy and/or metastases. Each group was randomly allocated into two subgroups, one serving as untreated controls while the other received 5FU (300 mg/m2 weekly intragastrically for life) together with BCNU (40 mg/m2 intraperitoneally on days 0, 42 and 84). The effect of chemotherapy on tumour growth was measured sequentially by colonoscopy. Animals were observed until death and necropsied, when colon carcinoma was histologically confirmed and survival analysed. The results indicate that chemotherapy significantly prolongs the survival of rats with the least advanced disease (stage A) but was of no benefit to rats with locally advanced or metastatic disease (stages B and C). Furthermore, chemotherapy was associated with a significant reduction in tumour size. Survival analyses in untreated animals show that the laparotomy staging system adopted provides accurate prognostic information. This study shows that DMH-induced colon tumours are chemosensitive, and suggests that this animal model may be a valuable testing ground for new chemotherapeutic agents. PMID- 6629115 TI - Epithelial cell proliferation in the rectal stump of patients with ileorectal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis. AB - Epithelial cell proliferation in the rectal stump after ileorectal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis was studied in 19 patients. This was achieved through in vitro incorporation of tritiated thymidine in mucosal biopsies and radioautographic analysis of the number and position of labelled nuclei in the crypts. Rectal biopsies from nine unoperated patients with ulcerative colitis and from 10 controls, were processed simultaneously. Except for one, all patients were clinically in remission. The crypt length and number of labelled cells per crypt column were found to be similar in the rectal mucosa from the three groups of subjects. The mean labelling index, although low 8.9%, was higher (p less than 0.05) in operated patients compared with controls; but the dispersion of individual values was similar in both groups. There was an extension of the proliferative compartment towards the surface in 88% of unoperated patients and in 60% of operated patients. In addition, there was a shift of the major zone of proliferation from the lower to the middle third of the crypt in 17% of operated patients and from the lower to the upper third of the crypt in 14% of unoperated patients. No correlation was found between the labelling index and either the age of patient, the duration of disease or the period elapsed after ileorectal anastomosis. Interestingly, among operated patients with a colitis for over 10 years, 42% had a quite normal proliferative pattern with a corresponding mean postoperative period of 7.5 years. PMID- 6629117 TI - Significance of delta agent infection in chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a study in British carriers. AB - Delta antigen (delta) is a transmissible agent requiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) for its replication. Antibody to delta (anti-delta) was present in nine of 71 (13%) British HBV carriers: six were intravenous drug abusers and two were haemophiliacs. Anti-delta was negative in 30 HBsAg positive homosexuals. Cirrhosis was common in patients with anti-delta and those with anti-delta positive cirrhosis were significantly younger than those with anti-delta negative cirrhosis. In British HBV carriers delta infection is associated with intravenous drug abuse and haemophilia and perhaps a more rapid progression of chronic liver disease. PMID- 6629118 TI - Career prospects in medical gastroenterology in the UK: a follow up survey 1980 2. AB - In 1980 there were 279 physicians with a special interest in gastroenterology distributed through the United Kingdom and 102 trainees of senior registrar status who aspired to a consultant post in general medicine with this special interest. A survey has been undertaken in September 1982 to record changes over the subsequent two year period. PMID- 6629116 TI - Experience with transjugular liver biopsy. AB - The results of 193 transjugular liver biopsies performed with a modified needle are described. An adequate specimen was obtained in 97%, and complications were rare, although puncture of the liver capsule does occur and caused bleeding in two patients. Fever after the procedure was reduced by ultrasonic cleaning of the needle. Although not easy, this technique is safe and preferable in the management of selected patients, but in most patients percutaneous biopsy is to be preferred. PMID- 6629119 TI - Sensitization model still satisfactorily explains parietal cell activity. PMID- 6629121 TI - The relationship of histologic and histochemical parameters to progesterone receptor status in endometrial adenocarcinomas. PMID- 6629120 TI - Melanoma of the vulva: an update. AB - During the time interval 1950 through 1980, 48 patients having a mean age of 60.2 years were treated primarily for melanoma of the vulva. In all but one patient, a surgical therapeutic approach was selected, including 40 modified Basset procedures and 23 pelvic lymphadenectomies. The 5-year survival rate of the eligible population was 54%. Although surgical staging according to the classification established by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) was of minimal value, microstaging, using Clark's and Breslow's stratifications for assessing dermal penetration, was of prognostic significance. Ten-year survival rates associated with Clark's level II, III, IV, and V tumors were 100, 83, 65, and 23%, respectively. Histologic growth patterns (5-year survival rates of 71 and 38% for superficial spreading and nodular melanomas, respectively) and groin nodal metastasis were cogent prognostic factors and indirectly were related to depth of local tumor invasion. Likewise, assessment of treatment failures demonstrated a positive correlation between recurrences (specifically at distant sites) and Clark's level of melanocytic penetration. Because of the unacceptably high (32%) local treatment failure rate despite radical vulvar resection, treatment modifications for vulvar melanoma are imperative. PMID- 6629122 TI - Biochemical aids in the monitoring of patients with ovarian cancer. AB - A study of possible biochemical markers of tumor recurrence and progression was made in 93 patients with ovarian cancer followed longitudinally for up to 2 years during treatment by moderate or aggressive chemotherapy regimens. A panel of potential indicators was tested; the combination of serum albumin, C-reactive protein, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, and phosphohexose isomerase levels was found to provide information that is useful as an adjunct to the clinical assessment of patients with advanced disease. However, the system could not detect a small tumor burden. The level of beta 2-microglobulin may have value in those patients whose tumor is associated with an increase of this analyte (77%), but it would appear to reflect a large tumor mass. Serum CEA, carcino-placental alkaline phosphatase, transferrin, and prealbumin were not found to be helpful. PMID- 6629124 TI - Circulating IgG-specific immune complexes as a potential tumor marker in gynecological malignancies. AB - A longitudinal study of circulating immune complexes (CIC) of the IgG class has been undertaken in patients presenting for operation of active malignant disease of the female reproductive tract. These values were compared with data obtained during subsequent clinical remission and prior to the clinical diagnosis of relapse. The results showed that irrespective of the site of disease (e.g., ovary, fallopian tube, cervix, endometrium, or vagina) values for CIC were elevated in most patients compared to controls. Postoperative remission status was associated with a significant decrease in values for all tumor sites. Similarly, relapse was associated with elevation of CIC levels to values similar to the preoperative concentrations. It is concluded that CIC may provide a useful biochemical marker of the progression of malignant disease. PMID- 6629123 TI - The postoperative classification for uterine cervical cancer and its clinical evaluation. AB - A postoperative classification for uterine cervical cancer has been made in consideration of the spatial spreading of cancer, biological malignancy of 120 cases which were treated with radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadnectomy. This classification corresponds extremely well to prognosis. The 5-year survival of the cases with prognostic index (P.I.) 9 or less was 96.1%, while those with P.I. above 10 showed 31.8%. In the Shinshu University School of Medicine clinic, this classification has become indispensable for decision of postoperative irradiation, selection of irradiation methods, and chemotherapeutic agents. Using this classification for individualized therapy, the survival rate was elevated in advanced cancer, class III or IV, with lymph node metastasis and P.I. above 10. PMID- 6629125 TI - Cryosurgical treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN III) in 102 patients. AB - Results of cryosurgical treatment in 102 patients with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix (CIN III) are presented. The colposcopic evaluation performed in all patients required full visualization of the squamocolumnar junction. In 95 of the 102 patients no significant cytological abnormalities were found during the follow-up period, which amounts to a success rate of 93%. In seven patients (7%) treatment was considered to have failed because cervical smears persistently suggested CIN II or III. In five of them this was in all probability due to a residual lesion, since the abnormal smears occurred within 12 weeks after cryosurgery. It is concluded that in selected cases cryosurgery is a safe alternative for conisation in the treatment of CIN III. However, thorough colposcopic expertise is essential for adequate preoperative screening, as is careful selection of patients, and the latter may result in the withholding of cryosurgical therapy from 30% of patients with CIN III. PMID- 6629126 TI - The role of radioactive colloids in malignant peritoneal mesotheliomas. AB - Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma remains a therapeutic problem. A review of the use of intraperitoneal 32P and a review of the status of therapy for this disease are presented. Six patients treated with 32P and combinations of external radiation therapy, surgery, and chemotherapy are reviewed with survival times from 5 months to 18 years. Overall survival in this disease is poor, about 44.2 months. This series suggests that with combined therapy with intraperitoneal 32P and chemotherapy, longer survivals can be achieved. PMID- 6629127 TI - The rare indication for splenectomy as part of cytoreductive surgery in ovarian cancer. AB - Advanced ovarian carcinoma is being treated with aggressive debulking surgery including complete removal of the tumor whenever possible followed by adjuvant therapy. Secondary debulking including splenectomy in a patient with recurrent ovarian carcinoma is reported. It is suggested that splenectomy may have a place in the management of a few patients with ovarian cancer. The technique and complications of splenectomy are described. PMID- 6629128 TI - Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans of the vulva. AB - An unusual case of vulvar sarcoma, histologically identified as dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, is presented together with a summary of current information regarding this lesion. PMID- 6629129 TI - The management of a pelvic lymphocele by the use of a percutaneous indwelling catheter inserted with ultrasound guidance. AB - The management of a pelvic lymphocele is initially expectant. Surgical intervention is not utilized until major problems occur. The first reported case of a postsurgical pelvic lymphocele managed by the use of a percutaneous indwelling catheter inserted and monitored with ultrasound guidance is presented. If this technique proves to be generally successful with more experience, intervention could be considered at an earlier point since a major surgical procedure is not involved. PMID- 6629130 TI - Trichomoniasis. Scientific papers of the Symposium on Trichomoniasis, Basle, October 20, 1981. PMID- 6629131 TI - Conventional therapy of trichomoniasis. PMID- 6629132 TI - Vaccination with SolcoTrichovac. Immunological aspects of a new approach for therapy and prophylaxis of trichomoniasis in women. PMID- 6629133 TI - Epidemiology and symptomatology of trichomoniasis. PMID- 6629134 TI - Serological study with SolcoTrichovac, a vaccine against Trichomonas vaginalis infection in women. PMID- 6629135 TI - IgA antibodies in the vaginal secretion after vaccination with SolcoTrichovac. PMID- 6629136 TI - Effects of vaccination with SolcoTrichovac on the vaginal flora and the morphology of the Doederlein bacilli. PMID- 6629137 TI - Clinical experience using SolcoTrichovac in the treatment of trichomonas infections in women. PMID- 6629138 TI - SolcoTrichovac in medical practice. An open, multicentre study to investigate the antitrichomonal vaccine SolcoTrichovac. PMID- 6629139 TI - The therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy of SolcoTrichovac in women with trichomoniasis. Investigations in Cairo. PMID- 6629140 TI - Estrogen - and gestagen - receptors in ovarian carcinoma. AB - Estrogen (ER) - and progestagen (PgR) - receptors were estimated by a DCC method using Scatchard plot analysis In tissue samples of 68 patients with ovarian carcinomas. The mean ER and PgR levels were at 52 and 74 fmol/mg cytosol protein, respectively. ER+ PgR+ records were noted in 32.4%, ER+ PgR- in 26.4%, ER- PgR+ in 7.4%, and 33.8% presented with ER- PgR-. In the surviving group 44.1% had Er+ PgR+, whereas the patients who died had an incidence of only 20.5% ER+ PgR+. In addition, the incidences of ER+ PgR+ in stage I plus II and stage III plus IV patients were 42.6 and 29.5%, respectively. Furthermore, higher incidences of ER+ PgR+ were recorded in patients older than 60 years of age (63%) than in younger subjects (36%). The present data combine to suggest that receptor assays should become a useful tool in the management of patients bearing ovarian carcinomas. In addition, ER and PgR determinations provide a prognostic index and may improve the possibility to predict which well-differentiated stage I ovarian carcinomas are likely to recur. PMID- 6629141 TI - Dermatan sulphate and mucin glycopeptides from the human uterine cervix. AB - High molecular weight glycopeptides and glycosaminoglycans were isolated from the human uterine cervix. The major part of the material (82%) was derived from cervical mucins. The remainder contained hyaluronic acid (3%), heparan sulphate (2%) and dermatan sulphate (13%). Chondroitin sulphate and keratan sulphate were not present, but chondroitin sulphate-like segments were included in the dermatan sulphate. The composition of the cervix apart from the mucus-filled crypts is similar to that of other fibrous connective tissues. PMID- 6629142 TI - Peritoneal fluid volume, 17beta-estradiol and progesterone concentrations in women with endometriosis and/or luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome. AB - Data on the presence of an ovulation ostium and the volume and the concentrations of estradiol (17 beta-estradiol) and progesterone In women with endometriosis (n = 80) and women with luteinized unruptured follicle (LUF) syndrome (n = 32) are reported and compared with data obtained from normal ovulatory women, previously reported. in women with endometriosis, less ovulation ostia were observed, the difference being significant in moderate and severe endometriosis. During the luteal phase, no statistical difference was found in the amount of peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis. Estradiol and progesterone levels in the peritoneal fluid of normal women and women with mild endometriosis were not significantly different. Lower steroid concentrations found in peritoneal fluid of women with moderate (phase days 20-22) and severe endometriosis (phase days 14 19 and 20-22) may explain the high incidence of infertility reported in these women (peritoneal steroids deficiency). During the phases days 14-19 and 20-22, very low peritoneal steroid concentrations were found in women with LUF syndrome. It is suggested that progesterone assay in peritoneal fluid is an aid to diagnose the luteinized unruptured syndrome. PMID- 6629143 TI - Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy--a contribution to its epidemiology. AB - Nausea in pregnancy is very common but it is astonishing that so little data are available concerning the cause and course of this disorder. A questionnaire was mailed to all women who had given birth to at least 3 children, the last delivered in 1980 or 1981 in our department. 244 (75%) responded, mean age 33 years, range 23-45. A total of 948 pregnancies resulted in 855 children, 56 spontaneous and 25 legal abortions, 8 twins and 4 ectopics. 70% of all pregnancies were associated with nausea and 52% of the patients always experienced nausea during their pregnancies, while 17% never and 31% only occasionally felt sick. For 91% of the cases, the onset of nausea was during the first 3 months. There was no difference concerning intensity, 'peak nausea' or onset, whereas duration decreased with subsequent pregnancies. 7 of 8 women with twin pregnancies complained of nausea, contrasting to 50% with spontaneous and 80% with legal abortions. Age, smoking or 'pregnancy complications' did not correlate with nausea. There were, however, correlations (p less than 0.05) between nausea and gallbladder disease, gastritis and allergy. All patients with gallbladder disease had nausea and so had 90% of those with allergy and gastritis. There was also a strong correlation (p less than 0.001) between nausea in pregnancy and 'intolerance' of oral contraceptives, as 98% of these women experienced nausea. The data obtained do not support a correlation between HCG and emesis gravidarum, but rather suggest an association with steroidal hormones and liver function. PMID- 6629144 TI - Antithrombin III levels in normotensive and hypertensive pregnancy. AB - Antithrombin III (AT III) is the main physiological inhibitor of blood coagulation. In a prospective study, plasma AT III was determined in 653 women during pregnancy, using an automated amidolytic technique. A control value 8 weeks after delivery was obtained in 192 of the women. In women with pregnancy induced or aggravated hypertension a significant decrease in AT III levels was observed compared with normotensive controls of the same period of gestation and compared with the patients' own control values 6-8 weeks after delivery. No AT III depression occurred in patients with chronic hypertension during pregnancy. Patients with pregnancy hypertension and proteinuria had lower AT III levels than those without proteinuria, whose AT III levels were also depressed. Lowest AT III levels were seen in 2 eclamptic patients and in patients with severe preeclampsia, whose pregnancies were terminated for fetal distress while the infants were still preterm. Monitoring At III levels is of value in preeclampsia. PMID- 6629145 TI - 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentration in the red blood cells of anaemic pregnant women in various periods of pregnancy. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the intraerythrocytic 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) concentration in anaemic (haemoglobin concentration below 10.5 g/100 ml blood) and in normal pregnant women (haemoglobin concentration above 12.5 g/100 ml blood). The authors showed that the 2,3-DPG concentration increased systematically between the 16th and 42nd weeks of pregnancy, both in the control group and in pregnant women with anaemia. However, in the group of anaemic pregnant women the 2,3-DPG concentration was higher in each stage of pregnancy. PMID- 6629146 TI - The mastectomy defect. A philosophy of reconstruction. AB - The armamentarium of the reconstructive breast surgeon has greatly expanded in recent years. The current techniques of reconstruction range from the use of a silicone breast implant with local tissue to the recruitment of large quantities of distant soft tissue. Each technique and its relative indications, advantages, and disadvantages are reviewed. The concept of individualized selection of breast reconstruction technique is emphasized, keeping in mind the well-informed patients' wishes and needs. PMID- 6629148 TI - Breast construction in Poland's syndrome. Case report. AB - A patient with Poland's syndrome underwent breast construction. Transposition of a latissimus dorsi muscle flap, implantation of a silicone prosthesis and correction of ptosis of the other breast was done with a satisfactory result. PMID- 6629147 TI - [Immediate breast reconstruction following mastectomy for carcinoma]. AB - Analysis of the psychic situation of the women after mastectomy. Most surgeons are against an immediate reconstruction of the breast, because the comparison to conditions before the amputation is usually too negative. The main argument against immediate reconstruction is the local recurrence which occurs in the first 6 postoperative months in 75% of the cases. In stage 0, no local recurrences were observed. If a mastectomy is performed in this stage, immediate reconstruction can be done. In stage 1 the number of local recurrences is 5% in the first postoperative months. In elected cases, if it is the expressed wish of the patient immediate reconstruction can be discussed. In stage 2 the local recurrence rate is already 13,8%. In this stage, an immediate reconstruction is out of the question. PMID- 6629149 TI - [Treatment of funnel chest with RTV-silicone implants]. AB - The funnel chest is no physiological but a psychological problem for the majority of patients. Only 5% suffer from pathological parameters which require a surgical elevation of the funnel. After these rather complicated operations, however, only 60-80% are followed by good long-term results. The described RTV-silicone implant is formed preoperatively directly in the funnel and appears to be a simple safe and lasting alternative for most patients with a funnel chest. PMID- 6629150 TI - [Modification of osteomyelitis with free musculocutaneous transplants]. AB - Twenty two latissimus dorsi free flaps transplanted with microsurgical techniques in infected regions are presented. The guarants of success are the end-end anastomosis, the venous drainage over the deep veins, the muscle with its skin coverage. The indications are: soft tissue infections, early infections after fractures, and the chronic osteitis. The economic, social and psychological effects of microsurgical tissue transfer elevate this technique to the procedure of choice. PMID- 6629151 TI - [Substitution of mucous membrane in the oral cavity by a free small intestine transplant following tumor resection]. AB - A series of eight free microvascular jejunal transfers for reconstruction of the inner lining of the mouth is reported. The technical details are discussed and especially the radical approach for the removal of the tumors are presented. Anatomical variations of the vessels to the jejunal graft are demonstrated. The high success rate and the fast recovery of the patients are supporting the indication of this microvascular procedure. PMID- 6629152 TI - [Surgical treatment of the saddle joint arthrosis]. AB - In addition to the usual methods of arthroplasty of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb an alternative technique of transosseus suspension for the first metacarpal is described. The basic idea is to reconstruct the intermetacarpal ligaments I-II with a distally pedicled slip of the flexor carpi radialis tendon to prevent proximal migration of the first ray after removal of the trapezium. This technique is considered simple, avoiding implantation of silastic or other material with their well known problems. Follow-up results of 97 patients out of a series of 151 operations between 1976 and 1982 are shown and discussed. PMID- 6629153 TI - [Interposition arthroplasties in the area of the proximal carpal row (lunate and scaphoid replacement/partial replacement]. AB - Prostheses are recommended for replacement of the scaphoid. Results of tendon interposition after resection of small proximal fragments are unpredictable. Therefore alternative procedures like liquid silicone casts or replacement by a lunate prosthesis (or part of the prosthesis of the scaphoid) have to be evaluated. If after removal of the lunate a prosthesis does not fit into the cavity we recommend filling this cavity with liquid silicone. PMID- 6629154 TI - [Alloplastic partial replacement of the scaphoid bone]. AB - Operative treatment for non-union of the carpal scaphoid bone with a small proximal fragment often presents some difficulties. A complete Silastic carpal scaphoid replacement does not always fit well because the shape and dimensions of the implant differ from the natural carpal scaphoid bone. The proximal fragment looks more like the lunate bone and so a Silastic carpal lunate implant may be used to replace the proximal fragment of the scaphoid while the well preserved distal fragment remains in place. This prevents disturbance of the intercarpal joint composition and improves stability of the base of the thumb. Five patients have been treated in this manner. The procedure is described in detail. PMID- 6629155 TI - Configuration of the articular surfaces of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb. PMID- 6629156 TI - [Holding device for x-ray determination of injuries in collateral ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb]. AB - A device is described with which to hold the thumb during radiological evaluation following possible injury to the ulnar collateral ligament. Its advantages and use in other digits are discussed. PMID- 6629157 TI - [Traumatic luxation of the pisiform bone]. AB - Dislocation of the pisiform bone is very rare. One case of such a dislocation is reported and discussed, the previous literature and treatment are reviewed. The purpose of this report is to remark the advantages of the primary operation (removal of the Os pisiforme). PMID- 6629158 TI - [Treatment of intra-articular metacarpal and phalangeal fractures with an external fixation minidevice]. AB - Open reduction of intraarticular fractures involving the metacarpals and phalanges and fixation with the small external fixation apparatus is a promising new method which fulfills a need. Full return of function in seven patients and a small limitation of function in three patients can be regarded as a satisfactory result. All patients returned to work after a short time without any complications. The external mini-fixation device which has already been useful in the treatment of open and closed fractures, infected nonunions and in performing arthrodeses has now found another application in the treatment of fractures involving finger joints. PMID- 6629159 TI - [Desferrioxamine in thalassemia]. PMID- 6629160 TI - [Endometrial stromal tumors]. PMID- 6629161 TI - [Transverse ureteral advancement for vesico-ureteral reflux]. PMID- 6629162 TI - [Right hepatectomy for malignant liver tumors in children]. PMID- 6629163 TI - [Early signs of septicemia]. PMID- 6629164 TI - [Reticular erythematous mucinosis]. PMID- 6629165 TI - [Hamartoma of the breast]. PMID- 6629167 TI - [The biological heterogeneity of malignant tumors]. PMID- 6629166 TI - [Multisystem disorder due to cholesterol emboli]. PMID- 6629168 TI - [Memory impairment and ventricular enlargement in a subgroup of chronic schizophrenic patients]. PMID- 6629169 TI - [New concepts on the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 6629170 TI - [Head lice: treatment and prevention]. PMID- 6629171 TI - [Injuries due to solar radiation and their prevention]. PMID- 6629173 TI - [Venous stasis ulcers]. PMID- 6629172 TI - [Dietary protein and chronic renal failure: why does failure progress?]. PMID- 6629174 TI - [Atherosclerosis and diabetes]. PMID- 6629175 TI - [The DiGeorge syndrome]. PMID- 6629176 TI - [The use of computerized tomography in psychiatry]. PMID- 6629177 TI - [Iron deficiency anemia in the elderly]. PMID- 6629178 TI - [Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism in the elderly]. PMID- 6629179 TI - [Locked-in syndrome]. PMID- 6629181 TI - [Acquired bullous epidermolysis]. PMID- 6629180 TI - [Gastric rupture following resuscitation]. PMID- 6629182 TI - [Leopard syndrome]. PMID- 6629183 TI - [Transitional cell carcinoma of the proximal ureter in schistosomiasis]. PMID- 6629184 TI - [Anginal syndrome as the presenting symptom in Munchausen syndrome]. PMID- 6629185 TI - [Self-induced recurrent edema of the upper extremity in Munchausen syndrome]. PMID- 6629186 TI - [Excessive daytime sleepiness]. PMID- 6629187 TI - [Anorectal melanomas in Israel]. PMID- 6629188 TI - [Some remarks on clinical features in aged patients]. PMID- 6629189 TI - [Geriatric medicine in the eighties: reality and challenges]. PMID- 6629190 TI - [Recommendations of the Ministry of Health Committee for Psycho-Geriatrics]. PMID- 6629191 TI - [The aged patient in the general hospital]. PMID- 6629192 TI - [Hypothyroidism in the elderly]. PMID- 6629193 TI - [Subcutaneous infusions in the elderly]. PMID- 6629194 TI - [Evaluation of the rehabilitation of geriatric amputees]. PMID- 6629195 TI - Health and other service needs in a metropolitan area. AB - This article describes the extent to which respondents in a metropolitan area reported their need for help in eight selected problem areas. Large discrepancies between the perceived need and the actual use of services are identified for these problem areas, and possible explanations for such disparities are given. A more comprehensive approach to the analysis of social service needs is proposed. PMID- 6629196 TI - Defining the role of the social worker in primary health care. AB - However difficult and controversial, the task of defining the role of social workers is often a practical necessity, especially in contexts involving professional collaboration. The approach reported here used a list of psychosocial problems and accompanying protocols to define the role of social workers in primary care clinics. PMID- 6629197 TI - Future crises and the very old: implications for discharge planning. AB - Elderly people were interviewed to determine to what extent they anticipate, plan for, and prepare to deal with predictable future crises in the areas of living arrangements, finances, and health. The author of this article found that most of the old people in the sample did not make arrangements to cope with crises. Implications for social workers involved in discharge planning are discussed. PMID- 6629198 TI - Parent-time: psychoeducational groups for parents of adolescents. AB - Many parents find their children's entry into adolescence a particularly stressful time. This article reports on a series of groups providing support, information, and help in problem solving that was devised for parents who are troubled by the changes taking place in their children but who are not necessarily in need of psychiatric intervention. PMID- 6629199 TI - Life change: adjusting to continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - A period of psychological adjustment occurs when a patient switches from hemodialysis to CAPD. The authors have identified four major categories of obstacles that patients must overcome in adjusting to CAPD and its self-care techniques. Ongoing group treatment is a valuable tool for patients in learning coping skills and alternative behaviors during this adjustment period. Members move through stages in the group, from dependence and a feeling of isolation to a stage of struggle for individuation and a work phase. It is in this work phase that group members show increased mutual concern and understanding, personal responsibility, honesty, individuation, a willingness to share and to be open, and coping skills. The value of this progression within the group is that what members learn there can be carried over to patients' lives outside the group. Group therapy can assist CAPD patients in coping with isolation, perceived abandonment by the medical environment, the resurgence of predialysis conflicts, a possible increase in libido, and new areas of family functioning. The process of individuation that occurs in the group has set patients on a course toward increased independent living, closer self-scrutiny, mutual education, vocational and recreational productivity, and an improved ability to deal with the stresses of end-stage renal disease. PMID- 6629200 TI - The psychosocial evaluation of the hospice patient. AB - A psychosocial evaluation of a patient is an important first step in the provision of care to hospice patients and their families. It serves as a guide for intervention, communicates social work concerns to other caregivers, and articulates important features of the patient/family system from an interdisciplinary perspective. The psychosocial evaluation addresses the patient's problems in a historical framework by identifying important developmental features as they pertain to the tasks of dying. It identifies physical resources and needs and evaluates the patient's psychosocial functioning, with particular emphasis on the patient's roles within a family system. Hospice recognizes the uniqueness of each individual as he or she confronts life's final challenge. An adequate psychosocial evaluation brings that uniqueness into focus. PMID- 6629201 TI - Social work in dentistry. AB - This article describes social work in a nontraditional area. The author uses two case vignettes to present intervention at the micro level and then outlines change strategies in the institutional and cultural context of dental care. The author discusses active case finding, dynamics of the interdisciplinary team, consultation, and implications for policy development. PMID- 6629203 TI - Current acronyms. PMID- 6629202 TI - Group support for the recently bereaved. AB - Mourning the loss of a loved one commonly results in feelings of emptiness, fearfulness, self-doubt, and loss of sexual drive. In this article, the authors describe a bereavement group that was designed to help the recently bereaved cope with these and other problems. Four discussion themes of the group are described. PMID- 6629205 TI - Morphology and histochemistry of the spicules and gubernaculum of Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae). AB - A study has been made of the morphological, histological and histochemical characteristics of spicules and gubernaculum in Haemonchus contortus (Rud., 1803). The correlation coefficients of body length and left and right spicule lengths, left and right spicule lengths, and the distance of barb from the distal end of left and right spicule ends have been found to be statistically significant while the correlation coefficient of body length and gubernaculum length has been found to be non-significant. The sclerotized part of each spicule is composed of three layers differing in density. The shaft of the spicule possesses dorsal and ventral wings which curve towards the corresponding wings of the other spicule. Gubernaculum is a wedge-shaped structure. The spicules and gubernaculum are mainly proteinaceous. The sclerotized part consists of mainly keratin and collagen. The presence of traces of acid phosphatase in the spicules may represent some metabolic activity. The protoplasmic part is composed of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. PMID- 6629204 TI - Incidence and some ecological aspects of avian trypanosomes in Czechoslovakia. AB - A total of 1 874 birds belonging to 99 species was investigated on the presence of trypanosomes in Czechoslovakia, using the method of blood smears and cultivation from peripheral blood (PEN method) and autopsies with subsequent cultivation from the bone marrow. Apart from a single finding in owls, the trypanosomes were detected only in passerines which represent the majority of birds investigated (1 518 specimens belonging to 66 species). Except for sparrows, in which trypanosomes were present very rarely, they were abundant practically in all bird families represented by a sufficient number of specimens. Autopsies showed that trypanosomes occurred on the average in 23.6% of passerines. Throughout the year their presence in peripheral blood of birds ranged from a peak in June (29% of positive passerines after PEN method) to their absence in the winter months. There were differences in the incidence of trypanosomes in birds coming from localities with different biotopes. No essential difference was found in their incidence in migratory and non migratory birds. In birds several years old the incidence of trypanosomes was higher than in younger birds. Repeated investigations of ringed birds recaptured point out long-lasting infections with avian trypanosomes. A considerable correlation between the incidence of trypanosomes and that of Leucocytozoon, Haemoproteus and microfilariae indicates that avian trypanosomes are probably transmitted by blackflies (Simuliidae), biting midges (Ceratopogonidae) and louse flies (Hippoboscidae). PMID- 6629206 TI - Experimental infection with the virulent, Central-European, murine Leptospira pomona strain in the pig. AB - The virulent, murine Leptospira pomona strain isolated from Apodemus agrarius was used in an experimental infection of six pigs aged 4--5 months. The clinical course of the infection was inapparent, both the blood picture and the uptake of food were normal. All infected pigs produced antibodies against L. pomona at titres from 1:3 200 to 1:50 000. The reisolation of leptospires from the blood of the infected pigs was successful in one case only, and that on day two p.i. Throughout the course of our experiment, no microscopic evidence was obtained of the presence of leptospires in the blood of the infected animals. Of the six guinea pigs injected repeatedly with the urine of the infected pigs, antibodies against L. pomona were detected in two of these at titres 1:3 200 and 1:6 400. However, no direct proof was obtained of leptospires in their kidneys. Leptospires were isolated from the kidneys of two of the infected pigs, at days 10 and 21 p.i. respectively. As suggested by our results, the Central European, murine Leptospira pomona strain should be regarded as an independent biovar incapable of causing a long-term leptospiruria and, hence, apparently unable to result in an epizooty in intensive pig husbandry. According to experimental evidence, Mus musculus can be a potential reservoir of the murine L. pomona biovar in Central Europe. PMID- 6629208 TI - The distribution of Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Chen) in the central nervous system of laboratory rats. AB - The distribution of preadult Angiostrongylus cantonensis helminths in various regions of the central nervous system of rats, infected with varying doses of larvae, was studied. A dose of 10 000 larvae proved to be lethal; the rats showed paralytic symptoms and loss of vision prior to death. A very low dose of 15 larvae also proved to be infective to the central nervous system. Incidence of eye involvement was observed in two rats receiving a dose of 500 larvae. Maximum number of helminths were recovered from the cerebral hemisphere region but their involvement per unit weight of the tissue was found to be highest in the region of medulla oblongata. PMID- 6629207 TI - The incidence of amoebiasis among secondary school students in Calabar, Nigeria. AB - A study was conducted among 2 500 secondary school students in Calabar, in order to determine the incidence of amoebiasis caused by Entamoeba histolytica. Microscopic examination of faecal sample smears showed higher percentage infections in the males than in the females; 61 out of 1 250 males were infected (4.8%), while 52 of 1 250 females were infected (4.1%). Among infected persons, asymptomatic carriers (64.6%) and symptomatic cases (35.4%) were recorded. Infection was lower among students using water flush toilet facilities than those using pit and bucket latrines. The infection was attributed to poor sanitation and inadequate health facilities. PMID- 6629209 TI - Pattern of immune response in recipients after transfer of mesenteric lymph node cells sensitized with low and high doses of Ancylostoma caninum. AB - Cellular immune response was detected in female Swiss albino mice with mesenteric lymph node cells during Ancylostoma caninum infection. Sensitized lymphocytes responded vigorously to A. caninum antigens and it was found that the cells (singly or repeatedly) sensitized with either low or high doses could confer adoptive protective immunity in recipients later challenged with a single dose of 500 A. caninum larvae. PMID- 6629210 TI - [Effects of propranolol and atenolol on the rat kidney]. AB - The present experiments were designed to study the renal effects of propranolol and atenolol in rats. Wistar rats were anesthetized with urethane and continuously hydrated with saline solution. In one group of the rats, the drugs were injected into the jugular vein. In the other group of the rats, the drugs were injected into the abdominal aorta through a canula which was inserted from the left carotid artery into the aorta up to the middle between forking points of left and right renal arteries. Intravenous infusion of propranolol and atenolol increased urine volume (UV), urinary sodium excretion, urinary potassium excretion and urinary chloride excretion. Propranolol and atenolol, which were intraaortally injected, produced an increase in UV and sodium concentration in the urine, inducing a more marked increase in total sodium amount excreted from both kidneys by propranolol than by atenolol. However, the natriuretic response was far more marked in the left kidney than in the right kidney in the case of atenolol administration as compared to that in the case of propranolol. It was speculated, therefore, that the natriuresis induced by these drugs was the first pass effect on the rat kidneys. It was also noted that the first pass effect of atenolol on kidneys was more marked than that of propranolol. PMID- 6629211 TI - [General pharmacology of traxanox sodium. I. Effects on the central, somatic, and autonomic nervous systems, digestive system, urologic organs, and reproductive system]. AB - Traxanox at the upper dose of 300 mg/kg, p.o., showed no effect on the somatic and autonomic nervous systems in the various tests. This agent caused some relaxation of the guinea pig tracheal strip in the resting tone at a concentration of 10(-6)M or more; however, its activity was less potent than that of isoproterenol and paraverine. Traxanox had no competitive antagonistic action against chemical mediators. Treatment of rats with this agent (3 mg/kg, i.v., or 10 mg/kg, s.c.) resulted in an inhibition of gastric (acid) secretion. Intravenous injections of traxanox (1-10 mg/kg) in dogs caused an immediate but transient inhibition of gastric and jejunal movement, and after a short time, slight potentiation of the latter; however, pretreatment with atropine prevented this latter potentiation. In the in vitro test, 10(-4)M traxanox caused contraction of the guinea pig ileum, a response which was inhibited by atropine. Traxanox (300 mg/kg, p.o.), however, did not show any effects on gastrointestinal propulsion in mice, nor did it have any effect on the gastrointestinal mucosa, gastric ulcers or bile secretion in rats. Traxanox (300 mg/kg, p.o.) showed a diuretic action in both normal and adrenoectomized rats. This action, however, was not observed in the rats treated with indomethacin (1 mg/kg, i.p.). This agent (10 mg/kg, i.v.) suppressed the spontaneous uterine contractions of pregnant rats in some cases. These findings suggest that traxanox at doses (1-5 mg/kg, p. o.) showing antiallergic activity has little effect on the central, somatic and autonomic nervous systems, digestive system, urinary organs and reproductive organs. PMID- 6629212 TI - [Pharmacological actions of eptazocine (l-1,4-dimethyl-10-hydroxy-2,3,4,5,6,7 hexahydro-1,6-methano-1,H-4-benzazonine). 4. Antagonistic action of naloxone on eptazocine analgesia]. AB - It was investigated whether the analgesic effects of eptazocine were antagonized by treatment with naloxone, one of the opiate antagonists, and whether morphine induced effects were affected by eptazocine. The analgesic effects of eptazocine, similar to those of morphine, were completely antagonized by treatment with 0.5 mg/kg naloxone, s.c., as determined by the hot plate and pressure methods in mice and by the tail-flick method in rats. In contrast, as tested by the acetic acid induced writhing method in mice, the analgesic effect of eptazocine, similar to that of pentazocine, was not antagonized by treatment with 1.0 mg/kg naloxone, s.c., while that of morphine was antagonized by 0.5 mg/kg naloxone, s.c. Using the acetic acid-induced writhing method in mice, the pA2 values of naloxone were found to be the following order: eptazocine less than pentazocine less than morphine. In addition, the analgesic effect of morphine was dose-dependently antagonized by the treatment with eptazocine as determined by the pressure method. Furthermore, the stimulating effect of morphine on spontaneous locomotor activity was also antagonized by eptazocine. These results suggest that eptazocine may be classified as one of the opiate agonist-antagonists. PMID- 6629213 TI - [Anti-anoxic effect of 4-(o-benzlphenoxy)-N-methylbutylamine hydrochloride (MCI 2016)]. AB - Anti-anoxic effects of MCI-2016 were compared with those of drugs for cerebrovascular diseases, tricyclic antidepressants and physostigmine in mice. Minimal effective doses of MCI-2016 which significantly increased the survival time or gasping duration were 12.5 mg/kg, p.o. for hypoxia, 50 mg/kg, p.o. for KCN-induced anoxia, and 100 mg/kg, p.o. for decapitation-induced gasping. As a whole, these effects of MCI-2016 were superior to those of reference drugs for cerebrovascular diseases. MCI-2016 was also shown to be effective under a consecutive administration schedule. In marked contrast to the effect of MCI 2016, tricyclic antidepressants significantly shortened the survival time under hypoxia. Considering that atropine shortened and physostigmine markedly increased the survival time under hypoxia, involvement of anti-cholinergic action may be postulated for the shortening effect of tricyclic antidepressants. The anti hypoxic effect of MCI-2016 as well as physostigmine was diminished by atropine treatment. Furthermore, MCI-2016 exhibited a combination effect with physostigmine at optimal doses. Although the influence of norepinephrine uptake inhibitory action on the hypoxic condition are not clear in the present study, these results may suggest that activation of CNS cholinergic system is involved as one of the causative mechanisms for anti-anoxic effect of MCI-2016. PMID- 6629214 TI - [Action of piroxicam on allergic inflammation]. AB - Effects of piroxicam on allergic inflammation were investigated with allergic air pouch inflammation and antigen-induced arthritis in rats. In allergic air pouch inflammation, piroxicam exerted a dose-dependent inhibition (1-10 mg/kg, p.o.) of the exudate production, the migration of leukocytes and the release of lysosomal enzyme into the exudate; and its potency was superior to that of indomethacin and equivalent to that observed with prednisolone. In contrast with this, the suppressive effect of piroxicam on non-allergic air pouch inflammation was as weak as indomethacin. Prednisolone showed a similar effect on both types of air pouch inflammation. In antigen-induced arthritis, piroxicam showed a dose dependent (0.3-3 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibitory effect on knee joint swelling and an improving action on the functional disorder of the inflamed joint. On this model, piroxicam was 3 to 4 times more active than both indomethacin and prednisolone. In non-allergic joint inflammation induced with croton oil in rats, however, the anti-inflammatory potency of piroxicam was almost equal to those of indomethacin and prednisolone. Piroxicam showed more potent inhibition than indomethacin on heterologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats, but showed only a slight inhibition on the increased vascular permeability caused by histamine and bradykinin. Piroxicam had no influence upon the plaque-forming cell response and the delayed hypersensitivity reaction in mice; furthermore, the hemolytic activity of complement in guinea-pig serum was scarcely affected by piroxicam in vitro. These results indicate that piroxicam possesses prominent efficiency on allergic inflammation and may function on several activities of inflammatory cells. PMID- 6629215 TI - Ultrastructural peculiarities of the reaction of the zona reticularis cells of the adrenal cortex in endotoxin shock. PMID- 6629216 TI - Endocrine cells of the colonic mucosa in patients with gastric and duodenal ulcer. PMID- 6629217 TI - Anatomy of the zeugopodium and autopodium of the wing. II. Development of muscle groups and individual muscles of the autopodium of the chick wing during ontogenesis. PMID- 6629218 TI - Ultrastructure of rabbit tracheal epithelium after oral administration of broncholysine (N-acetylcystein). PMID- 6629219 TI - The popliteal pterygium syndrome (a condition of the main anatomical structures of the lower limbs). PMID- 6629220 TI - The exception proves the rule--findings of a histological study of neuroendocrine centres of anomalous first instar nymphs of cockroach Periplaneta americana (L.). PMID- 6629221 TI - The adrenal gland of the viviparous teleost Gambusia affinis (Girard). A histochemical study. PMID- 6629222 TI - The development of the hindlimbs in anuran amphibians of Iraq. PMID- 6629223 TI - Ultrastructural features of the centralis superior and raphe magnus nuclei in the bat. PMID- 6629224 TI - Studies of neurosecretory cells of the brain of winter crop second instar Antheraea mylitta Drury larvae (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). PMID- 6629225 TI - Neurosecretory control of activity of the corpora cardiaca and their role in moulting in the cockroach Periplaneta americana (L.). PMID- 6629226 TI - Dilatations of the aorta wall--a neurohaemal structure in the grasshopper Poecilocerus pictus Fabr. (Acridioidea: Pyrgomorphidae). PMID- 6629227 TI - Normal development of the optic tectum of the Egyptian toad Bufo regularis Reuss. PMID- 6629228 TI - The effect of early unilateral enucleation on development of the optic tectum of the Egyptian toad, Bufo regularis Reuss. PMID- 6629229 TI - Morphology and anatomy of the olfactory organs of a freshwater fish, Oxygaster bacaila (Ham.). PMID- 6629230 TI - Food aversion learning in Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata). A strategy to avoid a noxious food. AB - Japanese monkeys consumed two kinds of food, the novel almonds and the familiar sweet potatoes, simultaneously, and then received a cyclophosphamide injection (20 mg/kg) intravenously. As the food-poison pairing was repeated, they first avoided the novel food completely, and then came to suppress eating the familiar one. During the subsequent extinction tests, the aversion to the familiar food was extinguished rapidly, whereas the aversion to the novel one was retained more than 2 months. In food aversion learning in a mixed situation, monkeys have a strategy to avoid a noxious food on the basis of the novelty of the food. PMID- 6629231 TI - Learning set formation in slow lorises (Nycticebus coucang). AB - In primates, learning set formation has been reported in various simian species, but in only few prosimian species. The formation of visual discrimination learning set was tested on a nocturnal prosimian species, slow lorises (Nycticebus coucang). Their performance was higher than that of some New World monkeys. This confirmed the suggestion from the data on black lemurs (Lemur macaco) that there is an overlap between prosimians and simians in learning set ability. PMID- 6629232 TI - [Ophthalmological findings after blunt craniocerebral injuries]. PMID- 6629233 TI - [Clinical and topical diagnosis of vertical gaze palsies]. PMID- 6629234 TI - [Manifest latent fixation nystagmus: differential diagnosis of acquired eye movement disorders in neurological diseases]. PMID- 6629236 TI - [A contribution on the Kearns syndrome]. PMID- 6629235 TI - [Clinical, morphological and biochemical findings in the Kearns-Sayre syndrome]. PMID- 6629237 TI - [Congenital nystagmus with alternating head-tilt--surgical possibilities and results]. PMID- 6629239 TI - [Reconstruction of the inferior lacrimal duct after horizontal lancing]. PMID- 6629238 TI - [Determination of blinking frequency by an infrared detector system and the influence of optical factors and pharmaceutics]. PMID- 6629240 TI - [Induction of "cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity" in the conjunctiva of the guinea pig]. PMID- 6629242 TI - [Follow-up study on patients with sulcus-fixated posterior chamber lenses]. PMID- 6629241 TI - [Endothelial microscopy examinations after short-term storage of animal corneas]. PMID- 6629243 TI - [Tonography after Simcoe posterior chamber lenses]. PMID- 6629244 TI - [Biomechanical properties of the Ong posterior chamber capsular lens--results of 200 implantations]. PMID- 6629245 TI - [Advantages and disadvantages of different posterior chamber lenses]. PMID- 6629246 TI - [Biochemistry of the intraocular lens]. PMID- 6629247 TI - [Hyperopia and intraocular lenses]. PMID- 6629248 TI - [Objective evidence of binocular depth perception using VECP]. PMID- 6629249 TI - [A new stereotest]. PMID- 6629250 TI - [Residual binocularity in the peripheral visual field of amblyopes and alternators: a psychophysical study]. PMID- 6629251 TI - [Subjective and objective evidence for anomalous binocular vision in concomitant strabismus]. PMID- 6629252 TI - [Binocular vision in unilateral and bilateral cataract]. PMID- 6629253 TI - [Treatment of amblyopia with eccentric fixation by gratings]. PMID- 6629254 TI - [Oxygen supply and utilization in strabismic amblyopia]. PMID- 6629255 TI - [Goniotrephination in the treatment of congenital glaucoma]. PMID- 6629256 TI - [Simultaneous bilateral malignant melanoma of the choroid without initial evidence of metastasis]. PMID- 6629257 TI - [Mitosis rate and growth rate--two parameters for the prognosis of malignant melanoma of the choroid]. PMID- 6629258 TI - [Long-term results after block excision]. PMID- 6629259 TI - [Giant tears of the retina]. PMID- 6629260 TI - [Theoretical considerations on the shape of the implant in buckling retinal surgery]. PMID- 6629261 TI - [Ultrastructural features of epiretinal membranes in spontaneous "macular pucker"]. PMID- 6629262 TI - [Histological findings in the vitreous body in posterior rhegmatogenous vitreal detachment]. PMID- 6629263 TI - [Does the influence of compression of the eyeball in a sagittal direction increase ophthalmic artery pressure?]. PMID- 6629264 TI - [Relation of hypotensive retinopathy to ophthalmic artery pressure]. PMID- 6629265 TI - [Disorders of dynamic eye movement in juvenile diabetics]. PMID- 6629266 TI - [Quantification of diabetic retinopathy; yes or no?]. PMID- 6629267 TI - [Experimental lipidosis of the retina in the rat]. PMID- 6629268 TI - [Significance of experimental gerontology for modern geriatrics]. PMID- 6629270 TI - [Iatrogenic hypotension in the aged]. AB - Hypotensive states reach a definite implication in old age, if they present themselves as orthostatic dysfunction or as focal hypotension as a result of vascular stenoses. Interactions of diseases (multimorbidity) with age-related dysfunctions of homeostasis and circulation and with cardio- and vasoactive drugs may become a considerable danger for the old patient; e.g. persistent organic lesions. Drug-induced hypotension in old age may lead to severe emergency situations. In view of the great number of drugs with desired lowering of blood pressure or hypotensive side effects used for therapy of old patients an accurate indication is imperative. PMID- 6629269 TI - [Drug incompatibility in the aged]. AB - Geriatric patients often have several diseases so that in the acute phase the doctor has to treat with many drugs simultaneously. Elderly persons are more vulnerable to drug effects, both therapeutic and adverse. Physiological and pathological changes with aging influence geriatric drug therapy. Pharmacokinetic differences are generally consistent with age differences in renal and liver function, body composition, tissue perfusions, protein and cellular binding. The present paper gives some examples (glycosides, anticoagulants) of drug therapy and adverse reactions. PMID- 6629271 TI - [Dangers of and indications for anti-arrhythmia therapy in the aged]. AB - Preexisting anomalies of impulse formation and conduction, cardiac failure, myocardial ischemia and abnormal peripheral vasoregulation predispose the elderly patient to frequent and often severe side-effects of antiarrhythmic drugs. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in patients with sick sinus syndrome can be especially difficult to treat, as most antiarrhythmics further prolong the sinus node recovery time. Thus, implantation of a pacemaker is often necessary to prevent symptomatic bradycardia. Concomitant treatment with diuretics or digitalis also increases the risk of drug induced ventricular dysrhythmias. Interaction between quinidine, verapamil, amiodarone and digoxin may be the reason for drug toxicity. To compensate for decreased renal or metabolic drug clearances antiarrhythmic treatment in elderly patients should be initiated with lower doses than usual. PMID- 6629272 TI - [Cardiopulmonary risk factors. Recognition, evaluation and treatment in surgical interventions in advanced age]. AB - In surgical procedures intra- and postoperative cardiopulmonary complications rank first in the elderly patient. Cardiovascular risk factors in the preoperative judgement include chronic cor pulmonale, coronary heart disease and cardiac rhythm disturbances. Moreover pulmonary-respiratory risks and arterial hypertension play a very important role. In order to lower the intra- and postoperative risks, it is necessary to establish a thorough preoperative diagnosis and to establish a differential therapeutic work-up considering the underlying heart disease. Here balanced electrolytes seem to be particularly important. Only under these circumstances it will be possible to perform major surgical procedures in the elderly patient with an acceptable risk. PMID- 6629273 TI - [Neurologic and (neuro-)muscular symptoms in thyroid diseases]. PMID- 6629274 TI - [Multimorbidity of Parkinson patients]. PMID- 6629275 TI - [Surgical interventions in advanced age: struma surgery]. PMID- 6629276 TI - [Decubitus: efficient prevention due to new pathogenetic knowledge]. AB - Decubitus ulcers are spots of ischemic tissue necrosis caused by any imposed pressure which occludes the venules and arterioles. Therefore, the most important objective is to avoid completely or to lower the imposed skin pressure below the critical arterial occlusion pressure. This can be achieved by positioning the patient in the 30 degrees lateral position and/or by bedding them on a "supersoft" mattress. The efficacy of this method is demonstrated by recording the oxygen tension of compromised skin areas during these preventive measures and by an improving clinical statistics over a period of 5 years. PMID- 6629277 TI - [Iatrogenic diseases of the hematopoietic system in the aged]. AB - As far as iatrogenic damage to haematopoesis in old-aged patients is concerned, diagnostic methods present little danger. However, a staging-laparotomy in malignant lymphomas is contraindicated. Significant are late-initiated examinations due to uncontemplated haematological illnesses, especially erythropoiesis. Polymorbidity often leads to medicinal polypragmasy especially when several organ specialists are at work and the local practitioner is not carrying out the treatment alone. The results are agranulocytosis and aplastic anaemia. An intensified hemorrhagic diathesis can occur with old age through damage to the functioning of the thrombocytes. An increased preparedness for thrombosis in old age necessitates a fortified thrombosis prophylaxis. Anticoagulants should be used with extreme precaution. In the treatment of haematoblastosis aggressive chemotherapy can be replaced by symptomatic methods with increased old age. PMID- 6629278 TI - [Principles for the use of digitalis in elderly patients]. PMID- 6629279 TI - [UNICEF--health for all is no utopia]. PMID- 6629280 TI - [Therapy of endocrine diseases in childhood and adolescence. 2. Connatal athyreosis. 3. Diabetes insipidus neurohormonalis]. AB - Congenital athyreosis may be due to different though mostly unknown factors. It should be diagnosed by TSH-screening. Immediate therapy consists of supplementation of thyroxin. The dose should be adjusted to the child's needs controlled by normal growth and bone age advance, normalization of TSH and thyroxin levels in serum. The goal must be to reach normal intelligence. Therapy should be continued during the entire life. Absence of adiuretin is the cause for diabetes insipidus neurohormonalis due to genetic disorders, tumor or infection of the hypothalamo-pituitary system. The disorder is best treated with synthetic desamino-8-vasopressin (minirin, alternatively with an oily suspension of pitressin). Diabetes insipidus renalis and psychogenic polydipsia should be ruled out before this therapy is started. PMID- 6629281 TI - [Diphtheria--again a current disease?]. PMID- 6629282 TI - [The most frequent forms of acute glomerulonephritis in children. Epidemiology and prognosis]. AB - Acute poststreptococcal-(PSGN), idiopathic mesangial Ig-A-(IgAGN) and Henoch Schonlein-glomerulonephritis (HSGN) have been selected for this review article as most frequent types of GN in children. Consequent to inapparent forms, the incidence of all three types is unknown. Age and sex distribution seem to be similar in IgAGN and HSGN. Active inflammatory parenchymal lesions are self limited in PSGN. However, in some children with HSGN and in very few with IgAGN progression to renal failure occurs. The longer the observation times, the better are the results of studies on prognosis in children with PSGN, whereas the frequency of renal failure in IgA- and particularly in HSGN increases with time. PMID- 6629283 TI - [Routine sonography as a screening method for occult abdominal diseases in children]. AB - At the department of pediatric surgery of the University of Mainz each child was routinely sonographically examined between September 1981 and April 1982. 582 children were examined. Pathological findings were detected in 4.8% of all cases, leading to a change in operative treatment in 45.4%. To determine more precisely the diagnosis of a disease in children undergoing surgery, routinely sonographically examination are recommended as screening method. PMID- 6629284 TI - [Effects of legal interventions on the program for the recognition of disease in children]. PMID- 6629285 TI - [Differential diagnosis of joint diseases in children--references for general practice. 1: Anamnesis, classification and diagnostic references]. PMID- 6629286 TI - [Normal blood pressure and hypertension in the child and adolescent]. AB - The interpretation of hypertension in childhood requires some knowledge of blood pressure characteristics in healthy children. Until puberty no difference between both sexes is observed, but thereafter higher values are found in boys than girls. Blood pressure correlates best with weight, height and age. Repeated measurements demonstrate positive tracking correlations. The tracking phenomenon as well as the familial aggregation of (high) blood pressure form a possible basis for early detection of hypertension prone children. Hypertension is found in 1% of children. However, in the majority of cases (in 80-95%) it is mild and primary, viz. essential hypertension. Secondary hypertension is often severe and usually of renal (or renovascular) origin or is due to coarctation. Newer forms of hypertension are observed in newborns after umbilical artery catheterization, in patients on dialysis or after renal transplantation and in teenagers on oral contraceptives. PMID- 6629287 TI - [Local antibiotic therapy of surgical infections in childhood]. PMID- 6629288 TI - [Structure and method of function of the rescue service for newborns in West Berlin]. PMID- 6629290 TI - [Aneurysm of the abdominal aorta. Results of surgical therapy]. AB - According to experiences in treating more than 400 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) following statements can be made: 1. Diagnosis of an AAA is identical with indication for surgical treatment. Only in cases of extremely high operative risk (aggravating organ deficiencies especially of heart and lungs) an expectant attitude is justified. 2. Preoperative angiography is considered to be desirable. 3. Rupture of the aneurysm depends on size and form, but small sized aneurysms can rupture as well. 4. It is of advantage to have the patients prepared preoperatively for several days for minimizing the operative risk. 5. Long follow-up results are good, the operation is able to prolong life expectancy of these patients. PMID- 6629289 TI - [Does short-term fasting lower the cardiovascular risk in obesity? Effects of the composition of the reducing diet]. AB - Risk factors of atherosclerosis in obese people can be reduced by weight reduction. 40 massively obese patients (Broca 159 +/- 41) were treated with different hypocaloric weight reduction diets. It was tested, if a decrease of risk factors can be induced by a 14 days' treatment period, already, and if the composition of diet influences the results. Weight reduction induced a significant fall of blood pressure and triglycerides (-25%). No differences could be seen between the various diets. The decrease of cholesterol (-12%) was caused by a simultaneous fall of LDL- and protective HDL-cholesterol. These changes were independent from dietary composition, too. PMID- 6629291 TI - [Indications for and results of intra-abdominal nebacetin instillation in surgical interventions in children]. PMID- 6629292 TI - [Distribution-independent statistical methods--application without distribution assumption]. PMID- 6629293 TI - [A special case: carpal tunnel syndrome with atypical clinical symptoms]. PMID- 6629294 TI - [Therapy of urinary tract infections: striking Gram-negative germs. Changes in the bacterial spectrum and resistance in a group of patients over an 18-year period]. PMID- 6629295 TI - [Local antibiotic therapy of intrathoracic surgical infections in childhood]. PMID- 6629296 TI - [Modification of serum uric acid concentration under long-term therapy with the lipid-regulating drug Duolip]. AB - During an 8-months treatment period the effect of Duolip on serum uric acid in 112 patients with hyperlipidemia was studied. In this open clinical trial a long lasting hypouricemic effect could be shown for Duolip. This response was more pronounced with higher initial serum uric acid concentrations and could only be observed in patients with serum uric acid levels above 6.4 mg%. Thus, in one patient both risk factors of atherosclerosis--hyperlipidemia and hyperuricemia- can be treated by a single drug. PMID- 6629297 TI - [Importance of the orbital collateral circulation for the origin of ischemic ophthalmopathy in stenotic diseases of the internal carotid artery]. AB - Ischemic ophthalmopathy is the leading ocular symptom of occlusive processes of the internal carotid artery. It can be preceded by embolic symptoms as amaurosis fugax or occlusion of a branch or the main stem of the central retinal artery. Both, ophthalmologists and neurologists, should be familiar with these disturbances as they can involve important diagnostic and therapeutic consequences. Five out of six patients with an angiographically demonstrated extracranial occlusion of one internal carotid artery and a retrograde collateral circulation to the intracranial space via the external carotid and the ophthalmic arteries showed an ischemic ophthalmopathy of the ipsilateral eye. This high coincidence supports the notion that an ischemic ophthalmopathy may not be the result of the occlusive process of the internal carotid artery per se, but may be caused by ocular "steal mechanisms" due to the retrograde orbital collateral circulation. PMID- 6629298 TI - [Palinopsia (visual preservation) and cerebral polyopia--clinical analysis and computed tomographic findings]. AB - The positive visual phenomena of palinopsia and cerebral diplopia/polyopia have only rarely been recorded. The complex phenomenology (visual/oculomotor) is described based on two cases with right occipital infarcts and a review of the literature. In each case demonstrated CT revealed a small area of decreased density confined to the border region of the right area striata causing homonymous field defects. The phenomena are discussed in the light of what is known about visual after-images and hallucinations. The underlying neural mechanisms are still unknown; a defective cortical visual information processing is suggested. PMID- 6629299 TI - [Differential diagnosis in phoniatrics and pediatric audiology. Language aphasia]. AB - The incidence of aphasia in a population of 100 000 is about 60 new cases a year. Although the aphasic patient represents a neurological problem, aphasia seems rather to be a linguistic one. Therefore, this report on the diagnosis of aphasia includes a comprehensive linguistic introduction on the function and structure of language. After a presentation of different aphasiologic schools and their classification of the aphasic syndromes, the differential diagnoses of other neurological disorders of verbal communication from aphasia are given. The subsequent section concerns the clinical investigation of aphasia. Finally, the most common tests for aphasia are reviewed. PMID- 6629300 TI - [Classification of schizophrenic psychoses]. AB - There is a substantial need, based on the heuristic principle, to arrive at a valid classification of schizophrenic psychoses. According to the modern theory of science bases on critical rationalism, nosological classifications in psychiatry are regarded as "useful" conventions requiring precise operational definitions. There are several methods of classification, typological classifications having gained widest acceptance in nosology. The multiaxial classification approach allows to document separately data from different levels of data collection, such as symptomatological, etiological, psychosocial and family data, as well as personality factors. However, it is always necessary to render any classification empirically valid by verifying it by means of empirically observed data. In this review, some frequently used classifications of schizophrenic psychoses are evaluated regarding their "usefulness". Usefulness of a classification is assumed if its sub-grouping of data on one level of data collection is validated by data from another level, or if there is sufficient evidence that this classification can generate hypotheses which lend themselves to empirical testing. The traditional sub-classification of schizophrenias into hebephrenic, paranoid, catatonic, and simple forms lacks clear rules for allocating patients to one of the sub-groups; moreover, these sub-groups have not proved reliable. Some authors have tried to classify schizophrenic psychoses via the course of the illness. Methodological difficulties are considerable, and hence most of these classification still await validation. On the other hand, the course of premorbid personality development has been shown to be very important for the sub-grouping of schizophrenics: Good vs. poor premorbid adaptation dichotomy has been validated by prognostic and psychophysiological studies, by therapy response and by family data. Any distinction between acute and chronic types is bound to be of rather questionable value. Symptom criteria have also been proposed for differentiating between schizophrenic psychoses. Paranoid vs. nonparanoid dichotomy has been supported by several biochemical, psychophysiological, familial and therapy response studies. There is a great deal of evidence from prognostic and genetic studies that the presence of a valid sub group of schizophrenic psychoses. Sub-grouping schizophrenics according to narrowly defined symptom criteria such as Schneider's first-rank symptoms and Langfeldt's, Feighner's and Spitzer's research symptom criteria is of limited value for a valid sub-classification. An approach to classification based on the distinction between the predominance of positive vs. negative schizophrenic symptomatology is of heuristic usefulness in that it generates biochemical and pathophysiological hypotheses which can be tested empirically. PMID- 6629301 TI - [Orbicularis oculi reflex in computerized tomography verified lesions of the posterior cranial fossa]. AB - The blink reflex elicited by electrical stimulation was studied in 60 patients with lesions of the brainstem and cerebellum (ischemic lesions, non-traumatic bleedings or tumors), which were diagnosed by computertomography. The relationship between localized morphological changes in computertomography and changes in blink reflex has been studied. 46 patients (77%) had a pathologic blink reflex. Usually the blink reflex was normal in patients with a tumor of cerebellum. In bleedings or tumors of the brainstem a good relationship existed between localization and extension of the lesion and the pathological pattern of the blink reflex. In patients with thrombosis of the basilar artery no responses or single delayed responses to the electrical stimulation were found. A less good relationship was observed in ischemic lesions of the brainstem. This is interpreted as indicating possible multilocalization of vascular lesions in the brainstem. Nearly half of the patients with ischemic lesions also had supratentorial lesions. The influence of these lesions on the pattern of the blink reflex will be discussed. PMID- 6629302 TI - Chronic active hepatitis in Italy: a multicentric study on clinical and laboratory data of 1154 cases. A report from the study group for CAH of the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver. AB - We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and laboratory data of 1154 patients with biopsy-proven CAH observed in 12 Italian referral liver units. The data obtained at the time of hospitalization were recorded and computerized. The data were analyzed for the presence or absence of HBsAg, sex, classes of age and three different degrees of the histological severity of CAH (mild, severe, with cirrhosis). HBsAg was present in 700 patients (61%). As compared with HBsAg negative patients HBsAg positive patients were younger, showed higher values of aminotransferases, were more frequent males and less frequently showed histological evidence of cirrhosis and associated diseases (diabetes, peptic ulcer and biliary stones). Patients younger than 15 years showed higher AST and lower gammaglobulins levels than patients in other age classes. Moreover, both in HBsAg positive and HBsAg negative CAH, patients with cirrhosis were older than patients without histological evidence of cirrhosis. PMID- 6629303 TI - Aldehyde dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.2.1.3) in chronic alcoholic liver diseases. AB - Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity in liver biopsy specimens was considerably reduced in alcoholic cirrhosis (n = 5), elevated in alcoholic fatty liver (n = 11)--probably due to enzyme induction--only slightly elevated in alcoholic hepatitis (n = 6), but unaffected in non-alcoholic liver diseases (n = 23) in comparison with specimens obtained from patients with minimal liver lesions. We will argue as a working hypothesis that alcoholics with induced ALDH activity will mainly develop fatty liver, whereas reduced hepatic ALDH appears to be a reason for elevated acetaldehyde levels followed by additional liver injury and progression at least for alcoholic cirrhosis. PMID- 6629304 TI - Intravenous dehydrocholate tolerance test in patients with liver disease. AB - The disappearance of intravenously administered dehydrocholate was studied in 13 healthy subjects and 23 patients with chronic liver disease. Serum dehydrocholate was determined by the enzymatic method using 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Following the loading dose of dehydrocholate, serum dehydrocholate and 3 alpha-hydroxy bile acid were assayed at five minute intervals for 15 minutes. During this 15 minute period, dehydrocholate decreased and 3 alpha hydroxy bile acid increased. The disappearance of the dehydrocholate was delayed in patients with chronic liver disease, and the 5-minute retention value was significantly high in cirrhosis patients. PMID- 6629305 TI - Five years' follow-up of patients with elevated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alcoholic liver disease, with special reference to mortality rate and development of malignancy. AB - Plasma-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was analyzed by a modified CEA-Roche radioimmunoassay (RIA) in 109 alcoholics with various degrees of liver disorders. The total mortality rate during the 5-year observation period was 48%, compared with an expected mortality rate of 12% (p less than 0.001). Sixty-one per cent of 46 alcoholics with CEA values greater than or equal to 5.0 micrograms/l died during the observation period of 5 years, compared with 38% of 63 cases with normal CEA values (p less than 0.05), indicating a possible prognostic value of CEA. Ten patients developed malignancies during the observation period, which is more than three times the expected cancer frequency in this groups. The frequency of malignant disease was not higher in alcoholics with initially elevated CEA than in those with normal values. Thus, CEA seems to be of no value for predicting malignancy in alcoholics. PMID- 6629306 TI - [Etiology of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6629307 TI - [Nutrition and cancer]. PMID- 6629309 TI - [Nutrition management of pregnancy toxemias and diabetes in pregnancy]. PMID- 6629310 TI - [Inborn errors of metabolism and nutrition]. PMID- 6629308 TI - [Cardiovascular diseases and nutrition]. PMID- 6629311 TI - Analysis of cell surface antigens expressed on a human lung carcinoma by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Monoclonal antibodies were produced by immunizing BALB/c mice with a human lung squamous carcinoma line (UCLA-SO-P3) or with freshly obtained lung carcinoma cells and by fusing the immunized splenocytes to mouse myeloma S194. Six monoclonal antibodies were selected after testing the reactivity to a panel of human tumors and non-tumors by an indirect 125I-protein A binding assay, a complement dependent microcytotoxicity assay or an immunofluorescence assay. As a result, four types of antigens were identified. MoAb 169D4 is of IgM class and reacted only to P3 lung carcinoma and to one of the colon carcinomas. This antibody actually possessed the A1 Lewis d specificity. MoAb 172D5 reacted to 8 out of 11 carcinomas but did not react to other types of tumor or lymphoid cells while detecting a carcinoma-associated antigen. MoAb 170C5, 754A3 and 806B4 reacted to carcinomas and embryonic cells, but detected antigenic determinants other than the carcinoembryonic antigen. By means of a protein antigen analysis using immunoprecipitation and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, MoAb 170C5, 754A3 and 806B4 detected molecular weights of 130,000, 55,000, and 135,000, respectively. MoAb 169F3 reacted to all the tested carcinomas, sarcomas, and melanomas, and some of the leukemias. This antibody also reacted to human peripheral monocytes and platelets and was shown to detect an antigen widely distributed among tumors and parts of normal cells. PMID- 6629312 TI - [Clinical studies on zinc oxide ointment replacing boric acid and zinc oxide ointment (JP8)]. AB - A boric acid and zinc oxide ointment (J.P. VIII) is an unique preparation in Japan, which consist of boric acid (5%), zinc oxide (10%), vegetable oil (usually soybean oil or sesame oil) and yellow wax. The ointment is widely used in the area of Hokkaido, because not only of the customary prescription but also of the characteristic clinical efficiency. However, boric acid has been recognized to be harmful in these days. Therefore, a zinc oxide ointment consisting 10% zinc oxide, soybean oil and white beeswax was tentatively made and evaluated. The zinc oxide ointment presented the same consistency as the boric acid and zinc oxide ointment, measured with penetrometer. The clinical efficiency was also confirmed on six patients with chronic eczema and seven patients with psoriasis vulgaris. The effect on wound healing of the donor site of skin graft was as good as the previous preparation. PMID- 6629313 TI - [Analysis of natural anti-tumor antibody carrying a cross-reactive idiotype in the rat]. AB - A population of Fab fragments was identified in the papain-solubilized fraction of membranes of a rat chemically-induced sarcoma, KMT 17. The Fab fragments were partially purified by gel filtration and column electrophoresis. A rabbit antiserum against the partially purified Fab fragments was raised and shows to be specific for Fab fragments by immunoelectrophoresis. Furthermore, four lines of evidence supported that the KMT 17 Fab-fragments carry a cross-reactive idiotype; 1) the antiserum could bind only with a restricted population of normal Fab fragments having pI of 6.3, 2) an unrelated antibody (WKA anti-SRBC) showed a weak cross-reactivity (less than 6%), 3) syngeneic antisera against the KMT 17 could bind with the 125I-KMT 17 Fab preparation that was purified by an immunoabsorbent column with the rabbit anti-KMT 17 Fab antiserum (anti-idiotype antibody), 4) the rabbit anti-KMT 17 Fab antiserum could bind with neither heavy nor light chains of WKA IgG. The natural antibody carrying the idiotype was found in normal serum and in various organs as well, especially in the lung of the conventional rats. In addition, the fractions containing Fab fragments (FrII) were shown to have enhancing activity of the tumor growth when they were injected into syngeneic animals. Whereas Fab-free fractions that were separated from the Fab fragments by column electrophoresis showed no enhancing activity. These results suggested strongly that a population of Fab fragments carrying a cross reactive idiotype was responsible for the enhancement of tumor growth. Mechanisms for the biological function of natural anti-tumor antibodies carrying a cross reactive idiotype were discussed. PMID- 6629314 TI - Chronic bile duct ligation in the dog: hemodynamic characterization of a portal hypertensive model. AB - Splanchnic and systemic hemodynamics were measured in six normal dogs and in 18 dogs that had the bile ducts ligated for a period of 8 weeks. In the bile duct ligated dogs, there was a decrease in arterial pressure (110 +/- 4 mm Hg vs. normal 136 +/- 6 mm Hg; p less than 0.005) and peripheral vascular resistance (4.60 +/- 0.38 vs. 6.28 +/- 0.38 dynes-sec-cm-5; p less than 0.02), and an increase in cardiac index (129 +/- 7 vs. 98 +/- 9 ml per min per kg; p less than 0.05). The splanchnic hemodynamic characteristics in the bile duct-ligated dogs included an increase in portal venous pressure (13.3 +/- 0.6 mm Hg vs. 6.7 +/- 0.5 mm Hg; p less than 001) and wedged hepatic venous pressure (14 +/- 1.2 mm Hg), the development of extensive portal-systemic shunting (49 +/- 10 vs. 0.03 +/ 0.01%; p less than 0.01), and a decrease in portal venous flow (194 +/- 21 ml per min vs. 427 +/- 21 ml per min; p less than 0.001). This study demonstrated that chronic bile duct-ligated dogs develop sinusoidal portal hypertension with extensive portal-systemic shunting and a hyperdynamic systemic circulation. These findings closely resembled hemodynamic abnormalities observed in human cirrhosis and suggest that this model is useful in physiopathological and pharmacological studies of portal hypertension. PMID- 6629315 TI - Morphology of gastric microcirculation in cirrhosis. AB - Morphologic alterations in the gastric microcirculation in cirrhosis were investigated following infusion of a silicone rubber compound into vessels of the excised stomach which was then cleared with methyl salicylate. In cirrhosis, arteriovenous anastomoses 15 to 50 micron in diameter were present in 5 of 10 patients; spiral arterioles were less than one-tenth as numerous as in stomachs from noncirrhotic patients. The arterioles mainly had a straight pattern and precapillaries, capillaries, and submucosal and subserosal veins were dilated in cirrhotics (p less than 0.05). The number of arteriovenous anastomoses was unrelated to the degree of vascular dilatation and the number of spiral arterioles. These morphological alterations are consistent with decreased arteriovenous flow resistance in the stomach of cirrhotic patients. PMID- 6629316 TI - Exudative ascites in the course of acute type B hepatitis. AB - Two patients who presented with an exudative ascites in the course of typical acute type B hepatitis are reported. In one of them, ascites was associated with an exudative pleural effusion. In both patients, the clinical course of the hepatitis was uneventful, and ascites and pleural effusion disappeared spontaneously. Portal hypertension and common causes of exudative ascites were excluded. It is suggested that the development of exudative ascites in these patients represent a hitherto unrecognized manifestation of the hepatitis itself. PMID- 6629317 TI - The measurement of liver blood flow using clearance techniques. PMID- 6629318 TI - Assessment of prognostic factors in alcoholic liver disease: toward a global quantitative expression of severity. AB - The prognostic significance of a battery of clinical, laboratory, and histological indicators was assessed in relation to mortality risk in a 1-year study of 253 patients with alcoholic liver disease, of whom 51 died within such time. The relative risk associated with each abnormality was calculated. A number of abnormalities was found to be statistically associated with a higher risk of death. Among the clinical abnormalities, these were: collateral circulation, edema, ascites, encephalopathy, spider nevi, anorexia, and weakness. Among the laboratory tests, these were: albumin, bilirubin, hemoglobin, abnormal prothrombin time, and alkaline phosphatase. Two hundred and sixteen of these patients had liver biopsies in which the quantifiable abnormalities were scored. Among the histological findings, the alterations significantly related to mortality were necrosis, Mallory, and inflammation, while the presence of cirrhosis per se did not influence the mortality risk. The relative risk factors for mortality associated with the histological alterations were lower than those derived from clinical or laboratory measurements. The advantage of using only clinical and laboratory items to derive a global, quantitative expression of severity is discussed. The relative mortality risks provided a means of calculating a "unit of severity" for each clinical and laboratory abnormality. A combined clinical and laboratory index (CCLI) results when these mortality-risk units are added. Such a combined index had a quasi-linear relationship with the risk of mortality for the complete population. This method compared well with severity scores derived from computerized, linear step-wise discriminant function (SDF) analysis and from a logistic regression (LR) analysis. The factors chosen to have independent prognostic significance by the SDF analysis were: encephalopathy, albumin, prothrombin time, and hemoglobin, while only encephalopathy, albumin, and hemoglobin were chosen by the LR analysis. Within a range of values, LR can provide a good discrimination in relation to mortality, similar to that observed for the CCLI in its complete range. However, there are some advantages to the CCLI method vs. the LR or SDF analyses. The CCLI is less susceptible to being unduly influenced by a nonspecific effect of treatment on the items chosen than the SDF and LR analyses, as the CCLI contains a large number of factors. Obtaining a single-severity score such as the CCLI is of value in: (a) assessing the effectiveness of treatment modalities; (b) analyzing the success of randomization; (c) separating cohorts of different severity, and (d) comparing new liver tests, histological abnormalities, or specific biological events with the severity of alcoholic liver disease. PMID- 6629319 TI - Histologic studies of severe delta agent infection in Venezuelan Indians. AB - To supplement a detailed epidemiologic study of an outbreak of viral hepatitis in Venezuelan Indians in isolated valleys, apparently resulting from delta agent infection, 10 autopsy specimens were studied histologically and immunocytochemically, and five biopsy specimens were examined. The patients were children and young adults and predominantly males. A sequence of hepatitis from focal necrosis with conspicuous small-droplet steatosis, through massive necrosis, prolonged postnecrotic collapse to early cirrhosis with massive collapse was postulated. The histologic changes tentatively suggest a cytopathic effect of the delta agent without significant indication of lymphocytotoxicity, at least in the parenchyma. Delta agent was demonstrated in hepatocyte nuclei in moderate amounts in the focal-necrotic stage and in isolated cells in the massive necrotic stage, but in large amounts during the transition to cirrhosis. Whether these patients, in whom neither HBcAg nor HBsAg were demonstrable in the liver, suffered exclusively from superinfection of hepatitis B virus carriers and/or coinfection of hepatitis B virus with the delta agent remains to be resolved. Delta infection may occur in isolated settings with no relation to Italian origin, drug addiction, or polytransfusion. The infection is far more widely spread than previously assumed. PMID- 6629320 TI - Determinants of drug disposition in patients with cirrhosis. AB - The effects of alterations of the hepatic blood flow, the intrinsic clearance, and the anatomy of the portal circulation on drug disposition were investigated in 53 cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension using indocyanine green (ICG) and lidocaine as model drugs. ICG disposition was studied by sampling from an artery and one hepatic vein following i.v. injection, with determination of systemic and intrinsic clearances and hepatic blood flow. Lidocaine disposition was studied following i.v. and oral administration from peripheral vein disappearance curves, with determination of systemic and intrinsic clearances and systemic availability. The shunted fraction of intestinal blood flow (f) was measured from the combined ICG and lidocaine disposition studies. In the 53 patients, systemic clearances of ICG and lidocaine varied widely and were significantly correlated with each other (r = 0.725, p less than 0.001). The systemic clearances of both ICG and lidocaine were not related to hepatic blood flow but were significantly correlated to their respective intrinsic clearances (for ICG: r = 0.948, p less than 0.001; for lidocaine: r = 0.873, p less than 0.001). Lidocaine systemic availability was also found to vary widely from 0.2 to 1.0. In 28 patients, f was less than 0.1 indicating minimal extrahepatic shunting and in these patients, lidocaine systemic availability was related to its intrinsic clearance (r = -0.717, p less than 0.001); in the 25 other patients with significant extrahepatic shunting (f greater than 0.1), the extent of lidocaine systemic availability was related to both intrinsic clearance (r = 0.819, p less than 0.001) and extrahepatic shunting (r = 0.913, p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6629321 TI - Cimetidine does not reduce liver blood flow in cirrhosis. AB - Cimetidine has been shown to reduce liver blood flow, as measured by indocyanine green clearance, in normal subjects. Concern over the potential deleterious effects of such reduction in cirrhosis led to the measurement of blood flow in 14 cirrhotics receiving oral or intravenous cimetidine. Liver blood flow was measured by the clearance of galactose at steady state during infusion of 40 mg per min. In six patients receiving 300 mg cimetidine by mouth each 6 hr for 4 days, basal flow (1,019 +/- 186 ml per min) was not significantly altered by cimetidine (1,087 +/- 156 ml per min). Intravenous infusion of cimetidine (300 mg) did not significantly alter flow in five patients between the basal (1,096 +/ 334 ml per min) and treatment periods (1,051 +/- 383 ml per min). Hepatic extraction of galactose in three patients (82 +/- 19%) was not significantly altered by cimetidine infusion (81 +/- 13%). The failure to reduce liver blood flow with cimetidine in this population may be due to their diminished proportion of portal venous flow, or alternatively suggests that histamine is not an important modulator of flow via H2 receptors. At a clinical level, the use of cimetidine in this population can continue without fear of further reduction in liver blood flow. PMID- 6629322 TI - Cimetidine kinetics and dynamics in patients with severe liver disease. AB - Following cimetidine administration, 60% of the dose is excreted as unchanged drug in the urine, and 40% is eliminated by metabolism. We evaluated the effect of liver disease on cimetidine disposition by comparing its kinetics in 7 healthy subjects and 8 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Cirrhotic patients had severe liver disease as evidenced by the presence of ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, jaundice, muscle wasting, and low serum albumin, but serum creatinine and creatinine clearance did not differ significantly between controls and cirrhotics. Following intravenous administration, cimetidine systemic clearance was decreased by 56% in cirrhotics. This reduction was due in major part to an impairment of the renal clearance of unchanged drug. The ratio of cimetidine to creatinine clearance was 3.71 +/- 0.63 in controls, indicating active tubular secretion, and was decreased in cirrhotics (1.22 +/- 0.09, p less than 0.05). The volume of distribution of cimetidine was also decreased by 39% in cirrhotics. To verify whether these findings observed after a single dose could be extended to patients receiving chronic cimetidine treatment, cimetidine trough (predose) plasma levels were measured in an additional group of 56 subjects receiving continuous cimetidine therapy (15 controls and 41 cirrhotics). Trough plasma levels did not differ significantly in controls and patients with compensated liver disease, but were elevated in patients with moderate and severe hepatic dysfunction. It is concluded that cimetidine clearance is decreased in patients with severe liver disease, mostly due to an impairment of the tubular secretion of unchanged drug, and that a reduction of cimetidine dosage is warranted in these patients, even in the presence of a normal creatinine clearance. PMID- 6629323 TI - Conversion of micronodular cirrhosis into macronodular cirrhosis. AB - The conversion from micro- to macronodular cirrhosis is claimed to be a general phenomenon. In this study, the conversion was quantitated by means of liver needle follow-up biopsies and autopsy in 156 patients followed in a controlled clinical trial of prednisone treatment in cirrhosis. In the initial biopsy, 75 patients were classified as micronodular cirrhosis, and of them, 68 had macronodular cirrhosis at autopsy indicating a conversion ratio of about 0.9 in 10 years. This may overestimate the true conversion ratio slightly since conversion in many cases only was demonstrated at autopsy where the diagnosis of macronodular cirrhosis is made with greater certainty than from a needle biopsy. The median time interval between the diagnosis of micro- and macronodular cirrhosis was 2.25 years which is a maximum estimate of the conversion time due to irregular spacing between biopsies (or biopsy and autopsy). No significant difference was found between the conversion time in females and males. The conversion was faster in patients not drinking alcohol compared to patients drinking alcohol, but the difference was not significant. Prednisone treatment tended to accelerate the conversion, but not significantly. PMID- 6629324 TI - Chemoprotective effects of two dithiolthiones and of butylhydroxyanisole against carbon tetrachloride and acetaminophen toxicity. AB - Administration of tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole or of two dithiolthiones to female CD-1 mice protected against the acute toxic effects of two hepatotoxic agents, acetaminophen and carbon tetrachloride. Reduced mortality of mice was observed following pretreatment with tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole or dithiolthiones. Pretreatment reduced or prevented hepatic glutathione depletion produced by these two hepatotoxic agents. Liver damage, i.e., as determined by serum transaminase and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities, was less after pretreatment with tert butyl-4-hydroxyanisole or dithiolthiones. Administration of dithiolthiones resulted in increased (from four- to over six-fold) activities of liver glutathione-S-transferases. PMID- 6629325 TI - Types of collagen synthesized by normal rat liver hepatocytes in primary culture. AB - Collagen formation is an important function of liver parenchymal cells that may be relevant to the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis. The types of collagen synthesized by cultured normal rat liver hepatocytes were examined. Cells isolated from adult rats by enzymatic dispersion of the liver were established in primary monolayer culture. Cells were then incubated with radiolabeled proline for 20 hr in the presence of ascorbate and the lathrogen beta-aminopropionitrile. Collagen secreted into the cell media was assessed separately from that in the cell layer. The greater proportion of newly synthesized collagen was associated with the cell layer. Collagen types were identified by ion exchange chromatography and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Types I, III, IV, and V collagen were present in both media and cell layer. Types III and V were the predominant types found. Very little Type I collagen was synthesized by these cultured normal hepatocytes. The percentages of Types I, III, IV, and V collagens, combining media and cell layer, were 6, 38, 19, and 36, respectively. PMID- 6629326 TI - Evaluation of liver iron content by computed tomography: its value in the follow up of treatment in patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis. AB - The therapeutic management of patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis (IH) implies the evaluation of excess hepatic iron. This work was undertaken to confirm the value of computed tomography for the assessment of liver iron overload in such patients and to evaluate this technique during the course of treatment by phlebotomy. The study included 24 patients with initially untreated IH and 7 patients previously treated by phlebotomy for 10 months to 7 years. Follow-up was obtained in 15 subjects. In patients with untreated IH, liver attenuation coefficient (LAC) was always markedly increased (92.4 +/- 7.1 Hounsfield units) as compared with LAC of subjects with normal liver (60.2 +/- 3.1 Hounsfield units) and that of patients with chronic liver disease (53.8 +/- 4.8 Hounsfield units), and was found to be specific for liver iron overload. LAC decreased progressively during phlebotomy, and this diminution was correlated with the amount of mobilized iron (r = 0.79, p less than 0.001); it returned to normal values only after complete removal of iron overload. LAC was closely correlated with liver iron concentration (r = 0.83, p less than 0.001), better than usual biochemical parameters, especially serum ferritin (r = 0.70, p less than 0.01). This study confirms that the determination of LAC on computed tomography provides a reliable index of hepatic iron stores in patients with IH, without requiring a liver biopsy, and shows that this noninvasive method is of particular interest for the follow-up of patients treated by phlebotomy. PMID- 6629327 TI - Synthetic and binding studies on the postulated calcium binding site I of calmodulin. AB - The synthesis of the dodecapeptide [sequence (20--31)] representing the hypothetical calcium binding site I of calmodulin by classical methods in solution is described. The interaction of this synthetic calmodulin fragment with calcium ions has been investigated by CD in water and in 98% trifluoroethanol solution. Calcium ions have no effect on the dichroic absorption of the dodecapeptide in aqueous solution in the wavelength range 200-250 nm. However, in 98% trifluoroethanol a linear variation of the CD properties has been observed as a function of the Ca2/peptide molar ratio. The CD results indicate the formation of a 1 : 1 calcium-dodecapeptide complex with a very high binding constant. PMID- 6629328 TI - The covalent structure of amyloid-related serum protein SAA from two patients with inflammatory disease. AB - The complete covalent structure of an amyloid-related serum protein SAA from a patient (Jen.) with severe rheumatoid arthritis, is presented. The structure was elucidated by N-terminal analyses of the protein as well as on peptides derived from tryptic digestion and after cleaving the protein with BNPS-skatole. The characterization of tryptic peptide T-9 revealed a polymorphism similar to that seen in protein AA. Structural studies performed on another protein SAA, isolated from a patient (Mik.) with acute systemic lupus erythematosus, indicated that this protein is homologous to that from patient Jen. The formation and deposition of the protein AA-containing amyloid fibrils is discussed. PMID- 6629329 TI - The primary structure of the alpha chain of a mitogenic lectin from the seeds of Lathyrus sativus. AB - The complete primary structure of the alpha chain of the glucose- and mannose specific lectin from Lathyrus sativus seeds has been determined. The structure was elucidated by Edman degradation on the whole chain as well as on fragments derived from cleaving the chain with BNPS-skatole and of peptides derived after tryptic digestion of the citraconylated chain. The analyses revealed a heterogeneity in the chain length (53 or 55 residues) and a microheterogeneity in positions 47 (aspartic acid and glycine). The sequence was highly homologous to the alpha chain of the lectin from Lathyrus odoratus. PMID- 6629330 TI - Cinnabarinic acid formation in Malpighian tubules of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Participation of catalase in cinnabarinic acid formation in the presence of manganese ion. AB - Cinnabarinic acid was formed from 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid during incubation with a soluble fraction from Malpighian tubules of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, in the presence of manganese ion. The enzyme having this activity was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. Enzyme activity was accompanied by parallel catalase activity at all steps of purification; the two activities could not be separated from each other. The purified protein was concluded to be catalase. Manganese was shown to be present in 0.1 mM concentration in Malpighian tubules of Bombyx mori. These findings suggest that in Malpighian tubules catalase participates in the formation of cinnabarinic acid. A possible mechanism for the formation of cinnabarinic acid from 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid by catalase in the presence of manganese ion is proposed. PMID- 6629331 TI - Immuno-regulating peptides, I. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of thymopentin analogs. AB - Seventeen peptides, related to thymopoietin pentapeptide, L-arginyl-L-lysyl-L aspartyl-L-valyl-L-tyrosine (thymopentin) were synthesized by the stepwise strategy in solution. Of these, L-arginyl-L-lysyl-L-aspartic acid and L-arginyl-L lysyl-L-aspartyl-L-valine, shortened from the C-terminus of the pentapeptide, exhibit significant immuno-stimulating potencies, exceeding those of thymopentin, both in vitro and in vivo immunological tests. Studies on the structure-activity relationships suggest that the potencial active site of thymopoietins is very sensitive to the N- and C-terminal elongations of the peptide chain. For thymic hormones, an active site carrying cumulative chemical signals is proposed instead of well-defined active centers. PMID- 6629332 TI - The X-ray crystal structure analysis of the refined complex formed by bovine trypsin and p-amidinophenylpyruvate at 1.4 A resolution. AB - The X-ray crystal structure of the complex formed by bovine beta-trypsin and the potent small inhibitor p-amidinophenylpyruvate at pH 7.6, has been determined by difference Fourier methods at 1.4 A resolution and subsequently refined to a crystallographic R value of 0.191, applying diagonal matrix least-squares procedures including energy constraints. The amidino and the phenyl group of this inhibitor are bound to the specificity pocket, essentially as previously observed in benzamidine-trypsin. The reactive Ser195 O gamma of trypsin forms a covalent bond of length 1.7 A to the carbonyl carbon of the pyruvate group. The hybridization of this carbonyl carbon is just between trigonal and tetrahedral. The imidazole ring of His57 is in a correct orientation to form bonds via its N epsilon 2 hydrogen to one of the carboxylate oxygens of p-amidinophenylpyruvate and to Ser195 O gamma. The probable proton shift makes Ser195 O gamma more nucleophilic and the attacked carbonyl carbon of p-amidinophenylpyruvate more electrophilic and thus facilitates bond formation. These specific interactions offer a qualitative explanation for the unique binding properties of p amidinophenylpyruvate and for the applicability of the quantitative structure activity relations previously found by Markwardt and coworkers for three series of p-amidinophenylalkanone compounds with carbonyl groups in alpha-, beta- and gamma-position to the phenyl ring. PMID- 6629333 TI - Decreased flux through pyruvate dehydrogenase by thiol oxidation during t-butyl hydroperoxide metabolism in perfused rat liver. AB - Addition of t-butyl hydroperoxide to isolated perfused rat liver leads to a decreased flux through pyruvate dehydrogenase, shown by a decreased 14CO2 release from [1-14C]pyruvate. The effect is observed at rates of infusion of t-butyl hydroperoxide exceeding 0.7 mumol per min per g liver in normal livers and at significantly lower rates in glutathione-depleted livers. The effect is absent in livers from Se-deficient rats in which the hepatic Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity is very low, indicating that reduction of t-butyl hydroperoxide by glutathione peroxidase is a necessary prerequisite for the inhibition. With isolated mitochondria, decreased 14CO2 release from [1 14C]pyruvate during t-butyl hydroperoxide metabolism correlates with decreased GSH and increased GSSG contents, respectively. The addition of various disulfide compounds, including GSSG, inhibits activity of the enzyme in mitochondrial extracts. In both mitochondria and perfused liver, t-butyl hydroperoxide-mediated decrease of pyruvate dehydrogenase flux is relieved by thiol reductants. The active (dephospho)form of pyruvate dehydrogenase as measured in freeze-stopped liver samples is actually increased from 46% to 72% during t-butyl hydroperoxide metabolism. The tissue levels of ATP and ADP and perfusate beta hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate ratio are not markedly perturbed by addition of the hydroperoxide (10 min). It is concluded that the decreased flux through pyruvate dehydrogenase during t-butyl hydroperoxide metabolism results from oxidation of critical thiol group(s) of the enzyme complex consequential to a decrease in mitochondrial GSH/GSSG. PMID- 6629335 TI - [Fall meeting of the Society for Biological Chemistry. 26-30 December 1983, Gottingen. Abstracts]. PMID- 6629334 TI - Glutathione oxidation and activation of pentose phosphate cycle during hydroperoxide metabolism. A comparison of livers from fed and fasted rats. AB - Perfusion of livers from fed and fasted rats with 0.07--0.1 mM t-butyl hydroperoxide for 15 min decreased the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) by 1.5 mumol/g liver in both nutritional states. Glutathione disulfide (GSSG) was increased by 70 and 140 nmol/g liver and glutathione mixed disulfides enhanced by 45 and 150 nmol/g liver in livers from fed and fasted animals, respectively. The ratio of GSH/GSSG was decreased from 243 to 58 in fed animals, and from 122 to 8 in fasted animals. The increase of GSSG and the mixed disulfides was nearly parallel until an apparently critical low GSH content of 1.5 mumol/g was reached. Only in livers from fasted rats 14CO2-production from [1-14C]glucose was stimulated upon t-butyl hydroperoxide infusion at the employed rates. Flux of glucose through pentose phosphate cycle rose from 8 to 12% of glucose utilization via glycolysis, whereas in livers from fed animals this portion remained unchanged at 8% Dithio-erythritol reversed pentose phosphate cycle activity as well as GSSG and protein-bound glutathione contents to the original levels. In livers from fasted rats the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was increased by 34% by t-butyl hydroperoxide infusion. PMID- 6629336 TI - Glutamine metabolism in mammalian tissues. Abstracts. 48th meeting of the Society for Biological Chemistry. Gottingen, September 29-30, 1983. PMID- 6629337 TI - Meeting of the Physical Chemistry of Biological Macromolecules Study Group. Gottingen, 29 September 1983. Abstracts. PMID- 6629338 TI - Meeting of the Neurochemistry Study Group. Gottingen, 29 September 1983. Abstracts. PMID- 6629339 TI - [The primary structure of hemoglobins of the rock hyrax (Procavia habessinica, Hyracoidea): insertion of glutamine in the alpha chains]. AB - The chromatography of the hemoglobin of the rock hyrax (Procavia habessinica) gives two components (73% HbI and 27% HbII). The amino-acid analysis and the sequences of the globin chains elucidated with the phenylthiohydantoin method, did not show any differences between the alpha I and alpha II or beta I and beta II chains, respectively. The different chromatographical behaviour cannot be explained. After chain separation by chromatography on CM-52 cellulose, all four primary structures were elucidated automatically in a sequenator on the chains and the tryptic peptides. In 20% of the beta I chains the N-terminal valine was blocked by acetyl. The alignment was performed by homology with the chains of human adult hemoglobin. The alpha chain of the rock hyrax has 142 amino-acid residues, i.e. one residue more than normal mammalian alpha chains, caused by an insertion of glutamine in the GH region supposed between positions 115 and 116. A comparison of human and hyrax hemoglobins shows an exchange of 21 amino-acid residues in the alpha chains and of 24 in the beta chains. Some substitutions in alpha 1 beta 1 contacts and in the surrounding of the heme are not supposed to effect the function of the hemoglobin. The phylogenetic relationship between the rock hyrax and the Indian elephant (Elephas maximus) on the one hand and with some Perissodactyla on the other, is discussed. Up to now the exchanges of alpha 110(G17)Ala leads to Ser and beta 56(D7)Gly leads to His have only been found in hyrax and elephant. This indicates a certain relationship between Hyracoidea and Proboscidea. PMID- 6629340 TI - Structural assignment and extractability of microsomal estradiol receptors. AB - Two electrophoretically different forms of estradiol receptor can be extracted from crude porcine endometrium microsomes with low ionic strength buffers. Better yields (approximately 50%) of both forms are obtained in the presence of Surfynol 485. Dithiothreitol boosts the solubilization of basic receptor. Together, Surfynol and dithiothreitol have a more than additive effect, amounting to 3-4 times the quantities of receptor extracted with plain buffer. Trypsin more than triples the yields obtained with Surfynol/dithiothreitol, while degrading both receptor forms to a characteristic fragment. Hyaluronoglucosaminidase is somewhat less effective than trypsin. It changes acidic receptor to basic. The proportions of acidic/basic receptor in microsomal subfractions are different. Rough endoplasmic reticulum contains almost exclusively basic receptor. Smooth membranes are rich in acidic receptor. The efficacy of both enzymes is closely related to the proportion of acidic receptor found in Surfynol/dithiothreitol extracts. PMID- 6629341 TI - Elevated urinary neopterin levels in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A preliminary report. AB - Neopterin excretion in urine of patients with AIDS was measured by high pressure liquid chromatography. Urinary neopterin levels in patients with generalized lymphadenopathy, which is considered to be part of the spectrum of AIDS, as well as in severe AIDS cases were significantly elevated, compared to normal controls. This finding may prove useful as a screening test for donors of blood products in order to prevent transmission of AIDS by this route. PMID- 6629342 TI - Prognostic significance of a polypoid configuration in malignant melanoma. AB - In a review of 2296 patients with malignant melanoma, the overall incidence of a polypoid configuration was 21.5%. A markedly higher proportion of patients with polypoid melanoma than with dome-shaped melanoma first presented for melanoma treatment already with metastases (i.e. clinical stage II or III). In patients with localized disease, more men than women tended to present with polypoid lesions. The majority of these lesions were of the nodular histogenetic type, greater than 3.0 mm thick and ulcerated. When patients with polypoid and dome lesions were matched according to three known important prognostic determinants: sex of patient, the thickness of their primary lesion and whether their lesion showed microscopic evidence of ulceration, no consistent differences in prognosis were detected between patients with polypoid and dome lesions. Thus it appeared that the poor prognosis for patients with polypoid lesions was not attributable to the configuration of their lesion per se but primarily due to the fact that they were typically thick, ulcerated lesions. PMID- 6629343 TI - Prognosis in patients with thin malignant melanoma: influence of regression. AB - It has been suggested that patients with thin malignant melanoma displaying evidence of histological regression may have a poor prognosis. In the present study, the case histories of 353 patients with clinical stage I cutaneous malignant melanoma up to 0.7 mm thick were reviewed to determine if either active or past regression in these lesions was a poor prognostic sign. Lesions were reported as displaying evidence of partial regression if either (a) a portion of the melanoma had a heavy lymphocytic infiltrate associated with loss of tumour cells or the presence of degenerating tumour cells, or (b) a portion of the melanoma was replaced by vascular fibrous tissue with or without pigment containing phagocytes. The incidence of regression in this study (58%) was similar to that reported in another recent large study on thin lesions (53%). Only slightly more regressed than unregressed lesions metastasized (8% versus 5% respectively). A high proportion of first recurrences from these thin lesions developed at sites remote from the primary lesion (lung, bone or in subcutaneous tissues or lymph nodes wide of the line of spread). However, the presence or absence of regression in thin lesions did not appear to influence the site of first recurrence. Cumulative 10-year survival rates for patients whose lesions displayed or did not display evidence of either active or past regression were nearly identical.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6629344 TI - Osteoid osteoma transforming to aggressive (low grade malignant) osteoblastoma: a case report and literature review. AB - The authors report a case of a typical osteoid osteoma which recurred soon after initial surgery and underwent rapid growth. The tumour eventually showed features of aggressive behaviour with local metastasis. The findings are compared with those of seven previously described benign osteoblastic tumours which showed subsequent aggressive behaviour. PMID- 6629345 TI - Fatty tumours primary in the liver. PMID- 6629346 TI - Families: practical help replaces blame. PMID- 6629347 TI - A case of inhibited orgasm: psychodynamic or sex therapy? PMID- 6629348 TI - Family educational intervention in the treatment of schizophrenia. AB - In the aftermath of deinstitutionalization, when current public policy dictates greater community management of schizophrenia, patients and their families play an increasing role in the treatment of the illness. Since mental health professionals often neglect to educate them on the causes, symptoms, and treatment of schizophrenia, patients and their families are often misinformed, fearful, and ill-equipped to aid in treatment. The authors describe a brief family educational intervention and the questionnaire that was used to compare the knowledge of patients and their families who received the intervention with the knowledge of those who did not. The findings suggest that patients and their families in family treatment programs can acquire and retain information about schizophrenia more readily than patients and families involved in individual treatment. This knowledge enables them to become more effective participants in aftercare and helps surmount the problems associated with posthospital adjustment. PMID- 6629349 TI - Recent developments in the care, treatment, and rehabilitation of the chronic mentally ill in Italy. AB - Italy's mental health law of 1978 brought dramatic changes in mental health care to Italy by immediately closing large state hospitals to new patients. The law mandated a trend begun 20 years earlier by a group of professionals dedicated to dismantling large psychiatric hospitals. It is based on models developed by these professionals to move hospitalized patients into the community and to care for them through teams of former hospital personnel working with local social agencies. In 1974, the professionals founded Democratic Psychiatry, a society whose aims included continuing to dismantle the hospitals. The work of the society and the provisions, problems, and successes of the mental health law are summarized. The author believes that valuable lessons can be learned from the gradualism inherent in the models used in devising the law and from the national health insurance support that implemented it. PMID- 6629350 TI - Predicting recidivism among first admissions at Tennessee's state psychiatric hospitals. AB - Using data from computerized patient records, the authors attempted to identify characteristics of first admissions to state psychiatric facilities who would later become recidivists. In an examination of 22,062 first admissions to all state hospitals in Tennessee, they found six variables with significant ability to predict recidivism: age, delusional beliefs, assaultive acts, out-of-state residence, indigence, and living with parents. A risk profile that predicted future recidivism with statistical significance at all five Tennessee state hospitals was subsequently developed, but the predictive accuracy was too low for the profile to be clinically useful. The authors believe the benefits of early identification of patients at risk justify further research. PMID- 6629351 TI - Gold award: a center's integrated service system for chronic patients. PMID- 6629352 TI - Developing and assessing a training program in prehospital care of behavioral emergencies. PMID- 6629354 TI - Blacks in Vietnam. PMID- 6629353 TI - A consultative model for providing community services to the mentally retarded. PMID- 6629355 TI - Controlled drinking. PMID- 6629356 TI - BC/BS preadmission programs vary by plan. PMID- 6629357 TI - San Jose hospital design reflects area's Indian culture. PMID- 6629358 TI - Reconsidering the marketplace. Consumer-choice proposals deserve a second look from hospital leaders. PMID- 6629359 TI - Marketplace competition is flourishing in the Twin Cities. PMID- 6629361 TI - Security update, 1983. PMID- 6629360 TI - Mission: search and employ. Professional firms and consultants can make placements unaided hospitals might find impossible. PMID- 6629362 TI - For a safer environment, turn your security department inside-out. PMID- 6629363 TI - Tradition of basics. Tiered health care meets the needs of the People's Republic of China. PMID- 6629364 TI - Communication in early infancy: three common assumptions examined and found inadequate. PMID- 6629365 TI - Simultaneous squamous cell carcinoma and papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid gland. AB - A case of simultaneous squamous cell carcinoma and papillary adenocarcinoma in the thyroid gland is reported. A pure squamous cell carcinoma arose in the right lobe, and a pure papillary adenocarcinoma without squamous metaplasia arose in the left lobe. Both cancers came into collison at the isthmus. The case is unique in that the tumor was a so-called collison tumor but not a mixed tumor. PMID- 6629366 TI - Ultrastructure of a bronchial mucoepidermoid carcinoma. PMID- 6629367 TI - Intramyofiber metastases in skeletal muscle. PMID- 6629368 TI - Dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease: standardized classification with provisional clinical applications. AB - Assessment of epithelial dysplasia in ulcerative colitis has been hindered by inconsistencies in and disagreements about nomenclature and interpretation. To resolve these issues, pathologists from ten institutions participated in three exchanges of multiple slides and, following each exchange, in discussions of the results. A classification system for the epithelial changes that occur in ulcerative colitis was developed, which should be applicable to other forms of inflammatory bowel disease as well. The classification makes use of standardized terminology, addresses specific problem areas, and offers practical solutions. The reproducibility of the system was studied by means of examinations of both inter- and intra-observer variations. The clinical implications of the findings were incorporated into suggestions for patient management. The basis of the classification is that the term "dysplasia" is reserved for epithelial changes that are unequivocally neoplastic and may therefore give rise directly to invasive carcinoma. Specimens are categorized as negative, indefinite, or positive for dysplasia. The negative category includes all inflammatory and regenerative lesions and indicates that only continued regular surveillance is required. The indefinite category is applied to epithelial changes that appear to exceed the limits of ordinary regeneration but are insufficient for an unequivocal diagnosis of dysplasia or are associated with other features that prevent such unequivocal diagnosis. Clinically, it indicates that early repeat biopsy is often required to assess the changes more accurately. The positive category is divided into two subcategories: 1) high-grade dysplasia, for which colectomy should be strongly considered after confirmation of the diagnosis, and 2) low-grade dysplasia, which also requires confirmation and early repeat biopsy or colectomy, depending on other findings. PMID- 6629369 TI - Differentiating characteristics of myocardial nuclei in cardiomyopathy. AB - Myocardial tissue obtained by endomyocardial biopsy was semiquantitatively evaluated for nuclear and nucleolar characteristics in six groups of patients: patients with normal cardiac function (group 1), doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy (group 2), idiopathic cardiomyopathy (group 3), alcoholic cardiomyopathy (group 4), post-viral cardiomyopathy (group 5), and chronic valvular heart disease (group 6). From each patient, ten nuclei containing nucleoli were examined and rated on the basis of the following characteristics: chromatin clumping, number of fibrillar centers per nucleolus, nucleolonemal structure, size of nucleolus, number of nucleoli per nucleus, and stage of nucleolar change. Mean values for the nuclear characteristics in each group were compared with normal values using the unpaired t test. In the doxorubicin treated group there were significantly increased chromatin clumping, decreased fibrillar centers, decreased nucleolonemal structure, and increased numbers of contracted nucleoli (indicating later stage). These changes may be linked to lowered nuclear and nucleolar activity. In the idiopathic and post-viral groups, characteristics were consistent with increased nuclear and nucleolar activity. There were no significant changes from normal in the nucleolar features of either the alcoholic or valvular groups. Further comparisons between groups using one-way analysis of variance and multivariate statistical analysis support the conclusion that there are significant differences in the nuclear and nucleolar characteristics of these groups. PMID- 6629370 TI - Basement membrane nephropathy: a new classification for Alport's syndrome and asymptomatic hematuria based on ultrastructural findings. AB - Renal biopsy specimens from 19 patients with asymptomatic hematuria, normal glomeruli on light microscopic examination, and negative immunofluorescence were studied to characterize the ultrastructural changes of the glomerular basement membrane. Three groups of patients were identified. Four patients (group 1) had type I basement membrane nephropathy, characterized by marked thickening and lamellation of the basement membrane in a pattern resembling that of Alport's syndrome. Seven patients (group 2) had type II basement membrane nephropathy, which was characterized by extensive attenuation of the basement membrane with only occasional small areas of lamellation or fragmentation. Eight patients (group 3) had moderate variability in basement membrane thickness with no other structural alterations. The authors propose that this pathologic classification be used in patients with asymptomatic hematuria as a basis for long-term clinical investigations, in hopes of distinguishing the natural history of each group. PMID- 6629371 TI - Characteristics of reading rate and manual scanning patterns of blind Optacon readers. PMID- 6629372 TI - Display station anthropometrics: preferred height and angle settings of CRT and keyboard. PMID- 6629373 TI - Eyestrain in VDU users: physical correlates and long-term effects. PMID- 6629374 TI - Continuous noise and sensorineural hearing loss: a case study. PMID- 6629375 TI - A comparison of relaxation methods for reducing stress in nursing personnel. PMID- 6629376 TI - The effect of an induced selective increase in head temperature upon performance of a simple mental task. PMID- 6629377 TI - Flying performance on the advanced simulator for pilot training and laboratory tests of vision. PMID- 6629378 TI - Measurement of ultrasonic attenuation within regions selected from B-scan images. PMID- 6629380 TI - Ultrasound transducers for pulse-echo medical imaging. PMID- 6629379 TI - Beam steering with linear arrays. PMID- 6629381 TI - An ultrasonic technique for imaging the ventricle in three dimensions and calculating its volume. PMID- 6629383 TI - Characterization of a new human diploid cell line--IMR-91. AB - A human diploid fibroblast cell line has been established from the lung tissue of a male fetus. This has been characterized and frozen away in large quantity. A smaller quantity of fibroblastlike cells from skin has also been established, partially characterized, and placed in frozen storage from the same fetus. This project is in support of the National Institute on Aging research in general cell biology. The present lines designated IMR-91 lung and IMR-91 skin complement the previous human diploid fibroblast culture (IMR-90) established from a female fetus. The lack of random inactivation of one of the two X chromosomes in the present male line reduces the genetic heterogeneity inherent in the female line. PMID- 6629382 TI - Serum-independent modulation of hemicyst formation by dissolved oxygen in postconfluent epithelial monolayers. AB - Hemicyst formation is considered a manifestation of either transepithelial solute and fluid movement or secretory activity in culture. This study shows that hemicyst formation in postconfluent monolayers of rhesus monkey kidney (LLC-MK2) cells is modulated by the dissolved oxygen concentration (PO2) of the culture medium. Either daily replacement of serum-free medium or displacement of the gas phase with 18% vol/vol O2 (initial medium PO2 = 125 to 135 mm Hg) enhances formation of hemicysts. Use of 30% O2 (medium PO2 approximately equal to 175 mm Hg) does not further increase the incidence, but neither 10% O2 (medium PO2 = 90 to 95 mm Hg) nor 1% O2 (medium PO2 = 35 to 50 mm Hg), the approximate range of dissolved oxygen values in blood, supports hemicyst formation unless cultures are gently rocked to disrupt diffusion gradients. Phase photomicrography of living cultures shows that the surface of a turgid hemicyst is furrowed, and cinephotomicrography reveals that the walls vibrate subtly. When hypoxic conditions (0 to 1% O2) are introduced this vibration ceases within 2 to 3 h, whereas collapse and disappearance of turgid hemicysts requires 18 to 20 h, seems virtually synchronous, and is reversible. Hemicysts form in a broad osmotic range, and increased electrolyte concentration increases the incidence. Hemicysts persist in locally dense areas when cell-free strips are etched in the postconfluent monolayer; no DNA synthesis is detected under these conditions, but two-dimensional cell spreading into the denuded area is seen along the edge of the wound. We conclude that the dissolved oxygen supply in the cellular microenvironment modulates functional expression by differentiated kidney epithelial cells in culture and that increased electrolyte concentration also enhances expression of this phenotypic marker. PMID- 6629384 TI - Rheumatic heart disease in young: pathological aspects. PMID- 6629385 TI - Clinical and epidemiological features of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in Taiwan and the Far East. PMID- 6629386 TI - The place of repair procedures for rheumatic mitral valve disease. PMID- 6629387 TI - 24 hours ambulatory monitoring in syncope. PMID- 6629388 TI - Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries. PMID- 6629389 TI - Unusual complication following division of PDA. PMID- 6629390 TI - Lipid profile in patients with myocardial infarction from the city of Bombay. PMID- 6629391 TI - Cardiovascular responses to isometric hand grip stress in healthy Indian subjects. PMID- 6629392 TI - Anomalous origin of the coronary artery in Marfan's syndrome. PMID- 6629393 TI - Distal aorticopulmonary septal defect. PMID- 6629394 TI - Psoriasis--as a side-effect of beta-adrenergic blocking agent--propranolol. PMID- 6629395 TI - Idiopathic annular subvalvar left ventricular aneurysm. PMID- 6629396 TI - Coronary artery disease: the angiographic profile. PMID- 6629398 TI - Noninvasive assessment of preclinical left ventricular dysfunction in young diabetics. PMID- 6629397 TI - Angiographic pattern of coronary artery disease. PMID- 6629399 TI - Atresia of the right atrioventricular valve. PMID- 6629400 TI - Pacemaker arrhythmias in 'R' wave inhibited demand pulse generators. PMID- 6629401 TI - Right ventricular volume estimation by single plane method--in vitro-cast study. PMID- 6629402 TI - Anomalous right ventricular muscle band: double-chambered right ventricle. PMID- 6629403 TI - Mitral-semilunar and aorto-septal discontinuity. PMID- 6629404 TI - Giant aortic valve vegetations by two dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 6629405 TI - Direct communication between pulmonary artery and left atrium. PMID- 6629406 TI - Intermittent right bundle branch block due to digoxin toxicity--a rare electrocardiographic manifestation. PMID- 6629407 TI - Spontaneous conversion of long standing atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm--an unusual pre-terminal phenomenon. PMID- 6629408 TI - Acute myocarditis associated with hepatitis B virus infection--a case report. PMID- 6629409 TI - Two dimensional echocardiographic documentation of disappearance of mobile vegetations following fatal embolization. PMID- 6629411 TI - XVth meeting of the Society of Immunology. October 5-8, 1983, Berlin. Abstracts. PMID- 6629410 TI - Glycophorin A inhibits lysis by the complement attack phase. AB - A glycoprotein from human erythrocyte membranes has been found to inhibit lysis of target cells by the attack-phase components C5-C9 from human complement. The inhibiting molecule was purified and identified as glycophorin A. Thus, glycophorin A may have a regulatory function in the lytic complement attack on isologous cells. PMID- 6629412 TI - Identification of surface antigens of endothelial cells. AB - A monolayer of a clone of endothelial cells derived from rat lung cells (RLE) was overlaid with 1 M urea to extract the surface proteins. Hydrolysis and SDS-gel electrophoresis of the urea extracted cell surface proteins (UCSP) yielded four peptides of 350,000, 84,000, 66,000 and 18,500 molecular weight. Of these only the 66,000 and 18,500 molecular weight peptides reacted with antibodies raised in rabbit against rat lung endothelial cells (RLE). The 18,500 mol. wt. antigenic peptide was a serum protein associated with the cell surface, whereas the 66,000 mol. wt. peptide was the surface antigen synthesized and released into the medium by the rat lung endothelial cells. On rocket immunoelectrophoresis, the 66,000 mol. wt. rat kidney fibroblast surface peptide produced only a single rocket whereas peptides of RLE produced two rockets, suggesting the presence of an additional antigenic peptide which could serve as a marker for endothelial cells. PMID- 6629413 TI - Enhancement of antibody-independent phagocytosis by N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1 naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7). AB - A low-molecular weight compound N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1 naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7) resulted in strongly enhanced phagocytosis of polystyrene latex beads by peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice after intraperitoneal administration. Binding of C3 cleavage product (C3b) to peritoneal macrophages after intraperitoneal injection of W-7 was also enhanced as shown by fluorescent antibody technique. Antibody against W-7 was not detected in the sera of these mice. Therefore, close association of enhanced phagocytosis of polystyrene latex beads with increased binding of C3 cleavage product to macrophages was demonstrated through induction by a low-molecular weight compound in vivo. PMID- 6629414 TI - Defective mononuclear phagocytic function in mice homozygous for the cribriform degeneration autosomic recessive mutation. AB - Decreased lung clearance of Staphylococcus aureus has been reported in mice homozygous for the cribriform degeneration (cri) autosomal recessive mutation. In the present study, the phagocytic capacities of alveolar and peritoneal macrophages were quantitated by applying kinetics of the first order reaction criteria. The characteristics of the pulmonary and peritoneal mononuclear cell populations from mutant and control mice were indistinguishable. The kinetic assays revealed decreased phagocytosis work in both alveolar and peritoneal macrophages from cri/cri mice. The results lend support to this mutation as a possible model system to study the early stages of lung disease physiopathology in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 6629415 TI - Suppression of in-vitro antibody production by pokeweed mitogen-stimulated human bone-marrow mononuclear cells. Evidence for a soluble suppressor substance. AB - The spontaneous synthesis and secretion of immunoglobulin by human bone-marrow mononuclear cells (MNC) in vitro, as well as its suppression by the addition of pokeweed mitogen (PWM), were previously reported by this laboratory. In the present study we demonstrate that this suppression is mediated by a soluble substance elaborated by marrow MNC stimulated with PWM. Marrow MNC were pulsed for 1 hr with PWM, washed and recultured for 7 days in media without PWM. The culture supernatants were collected by centrifugation and filter sterilized before addition to fresh marrow MNC in the in vitro antibody synthesis assay. The 14-day assay culture supernatants were then subjected to a solid phase radioimmunoassay to determine the immunoglobulin content. The suppressor substance was non-specific as to immunoglobulin isotype and was not genetically restricted. Suppressor activity was diminished by heating the supernatants at 56 degrees for 1 hr. The activity could be elaborated by cells subjected to 1000 R or 2000 R before or after 1-hr incubation with PWM. While the addition of PWM anytime during the culture period would suppress IgA production at the level produced up to that time, the suppressor substance only suppressed IgA production when added during the first 4 days of culture. The addition of indomethacin had no effect on the suppressor activity indicating that the activity was not mediated by prostaglandin. Including human fibroblast interferon or hydrocortisone in the assay cultures had no effect on IgA production or its suppression by PWM. We concluded that the lectin-induced suppression was mediated by a marrow-derived suppressor substance (MDSS). PMID- 6629416 TI - Apparent alteration in MHC antigens in K36.16, an AKR thymoma, does not result in genetic rearrangement. AB - An 'alien' MHC antigen has been previously described in the AKR tumour K36.16. We have attempted to establish the nature of this antigen by immunochemical techniques. Sequential immunoprecipitation and affinity purification of the 'alien' and regular antigens show that the same molecular entity is involved, the H-2Kd molecule being precipitated by anti H-2Dd sera. Absorption of the sera used to define this 'alien' antigen suggests that an interaction between endogenous viral antigens and H-2 is responsible. Genetic rearrangement within the MHC may well be a facet of tumour immunology but the AKR tumour K36.16 does not appear to be a suitable example for further study. PMID- 6629417 TI - Interactions between soluble IgG, complement and cells in lymphocyte and monocyte ADCC. AB - The interactions of K lymphocyte- and monocyte-mediated ADCC (antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity) systems with monomeric and aggregated IgG in solution are compared. K-lymphocyte ADCC is inhibited by aggregate, but not by monomer, while monocyte ADCC is inhibited by both. The difference may depend on monocytes having Fc receptors of high affinity. The inhibition of K-lymphocyte ADCC by aggregates is reduced by the binding of complement to the aggregates. Adherent cells can inhibit K-lymphocyte ADCC if IgG is absent from the culture medium, but have no effect in its presence. This effect may also depend on the presence of high affinity Fc receptors on monocytes. The properties of K-lymphocyte ADCC are compatible with a significant role in vivo; by contrast monocyte ADCC is strongly inhibited by physiological concentrations of IgG. PMID- 6629418 TI - The destruction of peripheral-blood lymphocytes by extracorporeal exposure to ultraviolet radiation. AB - Venous blood from healthy adult human donors was circulated through a wholly extracorporeal circuit for periods up to 140 min without apparent damage to the lymphocytes. However, when the blood was exposed to short-wave ultraviolet radiation (UVC; lambda, 254 nm), separated mononuclear cells showed a depressed response to mitogen stimulation: the magnitude of this effect was related to the duration of exposure. This depression cannot be attributed to change in blood pH, partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide, temperature of cell trauma. Plasma from irradiated blood was less satisfactory than non-irradiated plasma for the support of growth of phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes in culture, probably because of depletion of essential nutrients, and there was little evidence for the generation of growth-inhibitory humoral factors. The UVC irradiated lymphocytes had normal ultrastructure when removed from the extracorporeal circuit, but underwent apoptosis and necrosis during the first day of tissue culture with or without mitogen stimulation. PMID- 6629419 TI - [Bilateral lichen striatus]. PMID- 6629420 TI - [Iatrogenic hypertrichosis due to diazoxide]. PMID- 6629422 TI - [Topical corticosteroid therapy. Study of a possible absorption]. PMID- 6629421 TI - [Thiamphenicol and experimental syphilis]. PMID- 6629424 TI - [Acanthosis nigricans of the oral mucosa associated with bladder carcinoma]. PMID- 6629423 TI - [Merkel cell tumor (neuroendocrine carcinoma). Study of a case with ultrastructural and immunohistochemical findings]. PMID- 6629426 TI - Detection of snail hemocyanin in the whole hemolymph by serologically specific electron microscopy. AB - This study demonstrates the applicability of the serologically specific electron microscopy (SSEM) technique in the detection of hemocyanin molecules in the whole hemolymph of the snail, Megalobulimulus ovatus. The results are positive and easily reproducible. The SSEM might be useful as a technique for taxonomic studies of snails as well as to study structural aspects of their hemocyanin molecules. PMID- 6629425 TI - [Purpura pigmentosa chronica with linear progression. Apropos of 3 personal cases]. PMID- 6629427 TI - The binding of SRBC by human peripheral blood monocytes. AB - In a population of E-rosette forming human peripheral blood cells, about 20% of the rosettes were formed by monocytes. About 60% of the peripheral blood monocytes bound SRBC in a standard E-rosette test. PMID- 6629428 TI - Dietary fat alters the fatty acid composition of lymphocyte membranes and the rate at which suppressor capacity is lost. AB - SJL/J mice were fed from conception two nutritionally adequate semi-purified diets that differed only in polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid content. The effect of diet fat on the fatty acid composition of membranes from spleen and thymus cells was determined. Diet fat was found to significantly alter the fatty acid composition of lymphocyte membrane phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Diet also altered the degree of resistance against tolerance-induction. PMID- 6629429 TI - Spontaneous and induced cytotoxicity of axial organ cells from Asterias rubens (Asterid--echinoderm). AB - Spontaneously occurring cytotoxicity of starfish axial organ cells on target cells has been studied. It appears that in an allogeneic system no cytotoxic phenomenon occurs after 4 or 6 h of culture, whereas spontaneous cytotoxicity toward malignant vertebrate target cells is shown and reaches its maximum at 37 degrees C. In a certain way, the axial organ cell population includes cells, which may be compared with vertebrate natural killer cells. On the other hand, it must also be noted that axial organ cells are able to exert in a few cases, an induced cytotoxicity on MBL2 cells. This phenomenon appears at the end of the fourth day of culture. PMID- 6629430 TI - Stabilization of chick erythrocyte membrane by lanthanum. PMID- 6629431 TI - Changes in histone pattern of mouse skin epidermis after single application of 20 methylcholanthrene. PMID- 6629432 TI - Effect of denervation on contractile properties of stinger flexor muscle in the scorpion Heterometrus fulvipes (C. Koch). PMID- 6629433 TI - A-19, a new antifungal antibiotic. PMID- 6629434 TI - Serum-mediated suppression of mitogenic responses in leprosy & reversal by fetal calf serum. PMID- 6629435 TI - Histological effects of vitamin A deprivation on estrogen-induced development of chick oviduct. PMID- 6629436 TI - Prospective genetic counselling in mothers at risk to produce premature low birth weight babies prone to respiratory distress syndrome or neurological disorders. PMID- 6629437 TI - Effect of bromocriptine (CB-154) on pars distalis of the frog Rana cyanophlyctis (schn.). PMID- 6629438 TI - A modified method to estimate dissolved mucosubstances in gastric juice. PMID- 6629439 TI - Uptake, accumulation and elimination of 14C DDT in the fish Channa striatus. PMID- 6629440 TI - Specific immune responses after booster immunization with tetanus toxoid in man: study of kinetics, family segregation, and linkage to HLA of in vitro lymphocyte proliferative responses and serum-antibody responses. AB - Kinetics and family transmission of antigen-specific in vitro cell-mediated responses were investigated in 68, and serum-antibody responses to tetanus toxoid (TT) in 73 individuals from a total of 12 families. Proliferative responses to highly purified TT monomer were studied in 6- to 7-day lymphocyte cultures. The effect of booster immunization was detectable 7 (D7) and 30 (D30), but not 120 days (D120) later. The sex of donors was not found to have any influence. A significant influence of the time interval since the last immunization was found for the responses at D7 and D30. Data were correspondingly adjusted for segregation and linkage analyses. Several transmission hypotheses for the data obtained at D7 and D30 were evaluated by likelihood ratio tests. Observations at D30 were compatible with the hypothesis of a control by a dominant genetic determinant for high responses closely linked to the major histocompatibility complex region. No such evidence could be found for D7. After booster immunization, mean antibody levels determined on D7, D30 (peak of response), and D120 were found to be higher than those prior to immunization (D0). The sex of the donors was found to have no influence on antibody responses. The time interval since the last immunization and the age of donors both had a slight influence, and data were correspondingly adjusted for segregation and linkage analyses, which showed no evidence of genetic control of the antibody responses or of linkage to HLA. PMID- 6629442 TI - Cystic lesions of conjunctiva (a clinicopathogical study). PMID- 6629441 TI - Serum gp70 production regulated by a gene on murine chromosome 7. AB - We mated 129 mice (prototype strain of GIX+) with C57BL/6 mice (prototype strain of GIX-) and thereby identified the gene controlling enhancement of serum gp70 production after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. This gene has been tentatively designated Sgp-2. Sgp-2 is linked with the Hbb locus on chromosome 7. The estimated frequency of recombination between Sgp-2 and Hbb in this setting is about 20%. PMID- 6629443 TI - Anaesthetic problems in retinal detachment surgery (an evaluation of 270 anaesthetics). PMID- 6629444 TI - Management of chronic dacryocystitis by polythene intubation. PMID- 6629445 TI - Effect of estrogen on iris in the albino rat (a histological study). PMID- 6629446 TI - Abnormal insertion of inferior oblique. PMID- 6629447 TI - Hydatid cyst of orbit. PMID- 6629448 TI - Optic neuritis following panophthalmitis in the other eye. PMID- 6629449 TI - Granuloma pyogenicum of limbus. PMID- 6629450 TI - Glaucoma in Crouzon's disease. PMID- 6629451 TI - Seborrhoeic keratosis. PMID- 6629452 TI - Kerosene application for pediculosis. PMID- 6629453 TI - Inexpensive scleral explants for detached retina. PMID- 6629454 TI - Response to antihypertensive treatment. A satellite symposium of the First European Meeting on Hypertension, June 2, 1983, Milan. PMID- 6629455 TI - Blood pressure response to treatment. PMID- 6629456 TI - Management of hypertensive crises. AB - Malignant hypertension still constitutes a medical emergency, particularly when complicated by renal failure, encephalopathy, or left ventricular failure. A shift to the right of the autoregulatory curve of cerebral blood flow (and probably of renal blood flow) is known to occur in patients with hypertension. Local cerebral edema, complicating the malignant phase, is likely to aggravate this trend. While inadequate or tardy treatment leads to encephalopathy, renal and cardiac failure, over aggressive treatment may also result in damage to brain, heart, and kidney. Recent reports of neurological damage, sometimes fatal, following aggressive hypotensive treatment suggests the need for a reappraisal of current practices. More investigation is needed to determine the effects of the various classes of antihypertensive drugs on organ perfusion, particularly of brain, heart, and kidney, in both normal and hypertensive humans. Other hypertensive crises include raised arterial pressure in association with acute dissection of the aorta and in the presence of stroke or subarachnoid hemorrhage. While there is agreement about the need for urgent hypotensive treatment in patients with aortic dissection, there is no information with which to base rational decisions in the management of high arterial pressure in the acute phase of stroke or subarachnoid hemorrhage. PMID- 6629457 TI - When and how far should we lower blood pressure? AB - The accuracy of the diagnosis of mild or borderline hypertension is dubious. Perhaps up to one-third of such patients are wrongly categorized when more accurate measures are taken, largely because of the "defense" reaction. The recent trials of mild hypertension are discussed. Patients with a diastolic blood pressure in the range of 95 to 100 mm Hg should only begin treatment after careful assessment and consideration of other risk factors. PMID- 6629458 TI - Effect of reducing elevated blood pressure on cerebral circulation. AB - Circulation to the brain is protected not only by autoregulation, which maintains cerebral blood flow (CBF) in spite of a decrease in mean arterial pressure, but also by baroreflexes that tend to prevent or minimize hypotension. Hypertensive patients have impaired cerebral autoregulation and depressed baroreflex sensitivity, suggesting that the brain might be vulnerable to a reduction in blood pressure. Nevertheless, in clinical experience, studies of cerebral blood flow during drug-induced reduction of elevated blood pressure have shown that control of hypertension can usually be achieved without jeopardizing cerebral blood flow or inducing signs and symptoms of cerebral ischemia, even in patients with cerebrovascular disease. Indeed, control of hypertension reduces both the risk of stroke and the recurrence rate for second strokes. PMID- 6629459 TI - Causes of inadequate response to antihypertensive drugs. Volume factors. AB - Diuretic therapy, by producing a negative salt and water balance, eliminates the false tolerance to sympatholytic drugs that often occurs during long-term monotherapy. This tolerance results from salt and water retention produced by the drugs. Review of published results suggests a primacy for arterial pressure reduction in this fluid because suppressed renal sympathetic activity should facilitate salt and water excretion through lessened alpha-adrenergic influence on tubular reabsorption, and beta-adrenergic inhibition would diminish renin release thus promoting natriuresis. The return of hypertension that characterizes the false tolerances seems paradoxical because these drugs cause venodilation, which should provide ample storage of expanded blood volume without affecting cardiac output. However, animal studies have suggested that dilated veins have decreased compliance; if that is so, in humans it would mean that fluid retention would be accompanied by a redistribution of blood into the central circulation, with a rise in cardiac output. PMID- 6629460 TI - Cardiac factors in response to antihypertensive treatment. AB - The cardiac status of hypertensive patients will influence not only the indications for and choice of antihypertensive agents but can also alter the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy. The heart may interfere with adequate blood pressure control either because of marked increases in cardiac output or as result of decompensation activating various pressor mechanisms or through the generation of pressor reflexes. Reflex increases in cardiac output may blunt or even nullify the effect of reduction in peripheral resistance by vasodilators. Cardiac decompensation from incidental disease or secondary to some antihypertensive drugs can lead to hypertension rather than reduction in blood pressure. It is particularly liable to develop from excessive fluid retention, particularly when associated with reduction of cardioadrenergic support. Coronary insufficiency from either coexisting coronary disease or triggered by injudicious antihypertensive treatment can stimulate pressor reflexes leading to marked fluctuations in arterial pressure. Alterations in left ventricular relaxation and rapid filling have been reported with some antihypertensive drugs; these changes could conceivably influence blood pressure responses through their effect on reflexes from low pressure baroceptors. PMID- 6629461 TI - Hemodynamic response: decrease in cardiac output vs reduction in vascular resistance. AB - From a hemodynamic point of view, an adequate response to antihypertensive therapy would be restoration of a normal circulatory system. In most patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension considered to need drug therapy, the cardinal hemodynamic disturbance is an increased total peripheral resistance (TPR) and a normal or reduced cardiac output (CO). During a 10- to 17-year follow up of untreated hypertensives, a gradual increase in TPR, increase in MAP, and a decrease in CO and stroke volume (SV) were seen. Hemodynamic responses to chronic drug therapy were studied at rest and during exercise in 250 men with mild to moderate essential hypertension in WHO Stage I. A significant reduction in TPR was seen on thiazide diuretics, nifedipine and verapamil, but there was no increase of subnormal CO or SV. A greater normalization of central hemodynamics was achieved by prazosin, which induced a reduction in TPR and an increase in CO and SV, particularly during exercise. In contrast, beta-blocker therapy was associated with a chronic reduction in CO and heart rate (HR) and usually no reduction in TPRI below pretreatment values. The chronic CO reduction was associated with an increase in arteriovenous oxygen difference. In 14 patients with therapy-resistant hypertension, a marked increase in TPR was found. Captopril induced a reduction in TPR with rest and exercise, and also a reduction in cardiac output. Prolonged therapy for 5 years with beta-blockers did maintain blood pressure control, but with no further decrease in TPR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6629462 TI - Methods for assessing blood pressure values in humans. AB - In clinical medicine and epidemiology, measurements of blood pressure largely rely upon the use of cuff inflation and Korotkoff sounds. Although still the most practical, this method has been recognized to have important limitations. This paper focuses on two limitations of the cuff method that have been found while recording 24-hour intraarterial blood pressure in free-living normotensive and hypertensive patients. First, the 24-hour blood pressure is characterized by large long- and short-term variabilities whose magnitudes vary according to the patient's basal blood pressure and age. This is likely to reduce the possibility that a few isolated cuff measurements are accurate and representative of the patient's average blood pressure. Second, during cuff blood pressure assessment by the doctor (and to a lesser degree by the nurse), the patient's blood pressure normally rises due to an alarm reaction, with a large peak within the first 4 minutes and a subsequent decline. The magnitude of the peak rise, as well as its large and unpredictable difference among subjects may be responsible for seriously and variably overestimating the blood pressure. A 10-minute wait from the beginning of the doctor's visit usually avoids this inconvenience. Finally, the paper briefly considers alternative methods to the cuff method, including invasive intraarterial 24-hour recording in ambulatory subjects, which provides a large amount of information but is impractical, and noninvasive automatic blood pressure devices, which offer a promising practical approach but must wait for technical validation. PMID- 6629464 TI - Practical problems in hypertension management. Introductory remarks. PMID- 6629463 TI - Structural factors: the vascular wall. Consequences of treatment. AB - Like all tissues, blood vessels readily adapt their structure upon sustained functional changes. For example, pressure increases soon induce a largely proportional wall (w) thickening, where arteries, veins, and true resistance vessels respond alike. The latter also show a modest structural narrowing of average inner radius (ri), where the increased w/ri ratio results in a geometrically based vascular hyperreactivity. In primary hypertension, this type of precapillary resistance vessel adaptation implies an important "upward structural autoregulation" of systemic resistance, which is thereby kept increased also when vascular smooth muscle activity is entirely normal. Further, the systemic vascular hyperreactivity introduces a positive feedback interaction with functional pressor influences. By this mechanism, even marginal increases in "functional drive" may, if only sustained, steadily enhance the structural w/ri increase until it dominates hemodynamics. Similar alterations of the renal preglomerular vessels cause an early upward resetting of the renal barostat function, while wall thickening of large arteries helps to reset the baroreflexes. Also, the capacitance vessels show some structural adaptation that reduces venous compliance and contributes to blood volume centralization. Due to this overall structural resetting of hypertensive cardiovascular systems, the pharmacological problem of normalizing blood pressure is not one of merely damping an increased vascular smooth muscle activity. The task is more formidable, because effector cell activity must be kept even subnormal, despite counterregulatory mechanisms. These mechanisms almost all have been redesigned to maintain the high pressure state, with the long-range goal that true regression toward normality should ultimately ensue. PMID- 6629465 TI - The problem of obesity and hypertension. AB - Hypertension and obesity are two disorders that have been closely related, each occurring in greater frequency with the other than in an otherwise normal population. Although a causal relationship has not been established between the two, their coincidence carries increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This report summarizes the pathophysiological studies from our laboratory concerning their interrelationship and offers a rational hypothesis for the mechanisms underlying this enhanced risk. Patients with hypertension demonstrate an increased total peripheral resistance that explains hemodynamically the rising arterial pressure with advancing vascular disease. In response to this increased afterload imposed upon the heart, the left ventricle adapts itself structurally through a process of concentric hypertrophy. In addition, in most patients with essential hypertension, plasma volume progressively contracts and renal vascular resistance increases in proportion to the rise in arterial pressure and total peripheral resistance. In contrast, in obesity-hypertension there is a superimposed factor of volume overload upon the hemodynamic abnormality. The result is an additional cardiac stimulus for eccentric hypertrophy due to the increased ventricular preload. This factor enhances left ventricular stroke work and its attendant myocardial oxygen demands, thereby providing a dual overload on cardiac function that can explain the increased risk of heart failure related to these associated conditions. In contrast to the compounding adverse hemodynamic effects on the heart, there does not seem to be an additive hemodynamic effect of obesity on hypertensive renal vascular disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6629466 TI - Sodium and potassium intake and blood pressure. AB - There is increasing circumstantial evidence that the very high sodium diet combined with low potassium intake that most Western communities now eat may be, at least in part, responsible for the prevalence of high blood pressure. This circumstantial evidence combined with animal evidence has been considered sufficient in some countries to make a general recommendation to reduce sodium intake. If high sodium intake is an important cause of high blood pressure, it is not clear at the present time how it may do so. In this report, evidence is reviewed for one hypothesis suggesting an inherited defect in the kidney's ability to excrete sodium in patients who are going to develop essential hypertension, together with evidence for a raised concentration of an inhibitor of sodium transport. In patients with established hypertension, moderate restriction of sodium intake appears to lower blood pressure and moderate potassium supplementation to also lower blood pressure. While further evidence is required, particularly long-term studies, it would seem prudent to recommend to patients with essential hypertension or a strong family history of hypertension that they restrict dietary sodium intake moderately and increase dietary potassium intake by the consumption of more fruits and vegetables and, perhaps, the use of a potassium-based salt substitute. This regimen could obviate or reduce the need for drug treatment in some patients with mild to moderate hypertension. PMID- 6629467 TI - Compliance of hypertensive patients with pharmacological treatment. AB - Failure of compliance with drug treatment is a major problem in all diseases requiring long-term therapy. The incidence of noncompliance is variously reported as between 5% and 60% in well-conducted investigations in hypertensive patients. Direct (objective) methods give a higher incidence of noncompliance than indirect (subjective) methods. Among factors associated with noncompliance, the complexity of the treatment regimen and the nature of the doctor-patient relationship are important; few demographic characters among the patient population can be identified. Improvement of noncompliance depends on understanding these facets of the problem. PMID- 6629468 TI - Sarcoidosis in children. PMID- 6629469 TI - Health status of children in Afghanistan. PMID- 6629470 TI - Total dose iron infusion during third trimester to iron deficient mothers and its influences on anemia of early infancy. PMID- 6629471 TI - Nutritional status and psycho-social stress in children with pica. PMID- 6629472 TI - Screening of the newborns for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. PMID- 6629473 TI - An evaluation of the pre-school supplementary feeding programme in Chandigarh. PMID- 6629474 TI - Impact of pre-school supplementary feeding programme on anthropometry. PMID- 6629475 TI - Neonatal hematological values in maternal anemia. PMID- 6629476 TI - Siblings with Larsen's syndrome. PMID- 6629477 TI - Systemic and neuro-sarcoidosis in a child. PMID- 6629478 TI - Congenital hypothyroidism. PMID- 6629480 TI - Perforated duodenal ulcer. PMID- 6629479 TI - Lower esophageal foreign body in a neonate. PMID- 6629481 TI - Phimosis and the preputial calculus. PMID- 6629482 TI - Breast feeding. PMID- 6629483 TI - Two cases of non-union of fractures of the scaphoid in children. AB - Two cases of non-union of fractures of the carpal scaphoid in children are described. They were successfully treated by screw fixation without bone grafting. PMID- 6629485 TI - A simple operation for correction of chronic lateral instability of the ankle. AB - Twenty-two patients underwent a simple operation for correction of chronic lateral instability of the ankle. During the procedure the function of the peroneus brevis was preserved and the anterior talofibular ligament was reconstructed. At follow-up only one patient reported that the ankle still felt unstable. PMID- 6629484 TI - Ipsilateral fracture of the head and neck of femur with partial fusion to the acetabulum. AB - A fracture of the head and neck of the right femur in a 50-year-old man was complicated by fusion of a large portion of one head fragment to the acetabulum as a result of prolonged walking on the fractured hip. This unexpected complication made management difficult as facilities for a total hip replacement were not immediately available. PMID- 6629487 TI - Inferior vena caval tamponade following partial hepatectomy for liver injury. AB - A case of acute obstruction of the inferior vena cava after partial hepatectomy for liver injury is described. The underlying haemodynamics and prevention of this complication are discussed. PMID- 6629486 TI - Isolated suprascapular nerve lesions. AB - This paper shows how the suprascapular nerve is liable to isolated injury and where it is most vulnerable. Lesions of the suprascapular nerve are related to disorders of the shoulder. The management of isolated suprascapular nerve lesions is discussed. PMID- 6629488 TI - Treatment of comminuted trochanteric femoral fractures with Dimon Hughston displacement fixation and acrylic cement--a preliminary report of sixteen cases. AB - A new method for the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fracture of the femur is proposed. This consists of stabilizing the fracture with a Dimon and Hughston medial displacement osteotomy and then restoring the cortical defect at the fracture site with methylmethacrylate cement (Dimon and Hughston, 1967). A preliminary trial on sixteen patients showed the excellent stability of the fracture achievable by this method. No mechanical failure was encountered, even though patients were all starting to walk and bearing full weight within the first week. No infection or non-union occurred. Early walking by the elderly patient suffering from a comminuted trochanteric fracture is important to counter the ill effects of decubitus associated with this fracture. PMID- 6629489 TI - Sub-trochanteric fracture (after Garden-screw fixation of sub-capital fracture) treated with AO dynamic hip screw and plate. AB - A case of fracture through the femoral shaft at the site of the lower Garden screw, three months after operation is described. The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the treatment of this fracture by replacing the lower Garden screw with an AO Dynamic hip screw and a five-hole plate, resulting in satisfactory healing of both fractures. PMID- 6629490 TI - Irreducible acute anterior dislocation of the shoulder due to a loose fragment from an associated fracture of the greater tuberosity. AB - Failure of manipulative reduction of acute anterior dislocation of the shoulder can occur from the interposition of an avulsed greater tuberosity. The treatment is surgical and good functional results can be achieved even in late cases. PMID- 6629491 TI - Volvulus of the caecum caused by injury. AB - A case of acute caecal volvulus of obstructive type following an injury is described. The literature has been briefly reviewed. PMID- 6629493 TI - The air gun--a dangerous toy. AB - Air gun injuries are usually regarded as trivial, unless they involve the eye. Two cases of serious injury to the head and neck caused by an air gun pellet are reported to emphasize that potentially lethal injuries can be caused by this weapon. PMID- 6629492 TI - Spontaneous injury caused by a muscle exerciser. AB - Two patients with spontaneous injuries occurring while using a 'Bullworker' exerciser are described. An explanation for their injuries is suggested. PMID- 6629494 TI - Bends made easy. PMID- 6629495 TI - The prevention of leg injuries in motorcycle accidents. AB - Leg injuries due to motorcycle accidents are becoming increasingly common, and a relatively high proportion of these injuries are severe, requiring intensive and prolonged treatment with an often disappointing final result. A total of 309 injured motorcyclists consented to take part in a study investigating the possibility that crash bars fitted to motorcycles might protect the motorcyclist's legs from injury. In the group as a whole, it seemed possible that crash bars would afford some protection, but the figures were not statistically significant. In the group of 150 motorcyclists injured by side impact, 8 of the 25 with crash bars escaped injuries of the legs compared with only 17 out of 125 who did not have crash bars. These results suggest that crash bars provide a measure of protection to motorcyclist's legs, especially when the impact is from the side. PMID- 6629496 TI - Internal fixation in patients with multiple injuries. AB - The hypothesis is advanced that there are additional and exceptional indications for the use of internal fixation in the patient with multiple injuries. Eleven case studies of patients who sustained major injuries support this hypothesis. PMID- 6629497 TI - Heel flap injuries in motorcycle accidents. AB - Thirteen cases of heel flap injuries following motorcycle spoke accidents have been analysed. The injuries have been graded into three Grades (I, II and III) depending upon the severity and extent of the injury to the foot. The different forms of management are outlined. Most of the injuries have been confined to the right side because of poor assembly of the rear wheel of the motorcycle. Inadequate footwear is a contributory factor. It is urged that protective footwear be made compulsory for both the driver and the pillion passenger. Changes should also be made in the design of the rear wheels of motorcycles. PMID- 6629498 TI - Rotational refracture of the shaft of the adult tibia. AB - The incidence and clinical details of refractures of the shaft of the tibia a series of 534 adult patients after conservative primary treatment were analysed. Fracture of the callus is defined as a secondary fracture occurring within twelve months of the primary injury in the area of bone healing by callus. A fracture of the callus was recorded in 13 patients (2.4 per cent), in whom 11 fractures occurred after a primary fracture caused by indirect, rotational violence. The incidence among these was 6.3 per cent. For torsional fractures of the tibial shaft the following factors were associated with appreciably increased frequency of subsequent fracture of the callus: repeated closed reduction; fracture of the fibula at a different level from that of the tibia, and marked initial lateral displacement. When these factors were present simultaneously, the incidence was 18 per cent. PMID- 6629499 TI - A technique of medial ligament repair of the knee with cancellous screws and spiked washers. AB - Twenty-five cases of proximal and distal tears and avulsions of the medial ligament of the knee were repaired under tension using cancellous screws and spiked washers with a mean follow-up period of 11.2 months. All knees were submitted to 15 Kp lateral stress in 20 degrees of flexion and radiographs in this position compared with those of the opposite knee. All patients were reassessed clinically and radiologically when stressed with the Telos apparatus. Radiographic instability was demonstrated in four cases. We conclude that cancellous screws and spiked washers, applied correctly, provide better fixation than other described methods and give a satisfactory repair of the torn ligament. PMID- 6629500 TI - Urinary incontinence in the dog. PMID- 6629501 TI - Adverse reactions to drugs. PMID- 6629502 TI - Induced farrowing on commercial pig farms. PMID- 6629503 TI - Biotransformation of nitric oxide, nitrite and nitrate. AB - Biotransformation of NO, nitrite and nitrate was investigated in rats and mice in a 15NO inhalation experiment and intraperitoneal injection experiments of 15N nitrite and 15N-nitrate, and the following results were obtained: (1) Rats were forced to inhale 15NO (145 ppm, 123 minutes) or were given an intraperitoneal injection of 15N-nitrite (2 mg animal-1 as 15N) or 15N-nitrate (2mg animal-1 as 15N), and determination of 15N recovery in urine was made up to 48 h later. The results were 55, 53 and 78% of the inhaled or injected 15N, respectively. (2) 15N nitrate in the urine was converted into a 6-nitro derivative of 3,4-xylenol and its identification and quantitative determination were made by the GC-MS method. As to 15N-urea in the urine, identification and quantitative determination were made by the urease method. 15N was present in the urine of rats after 15NO inhalation in the form of NO3- and urea. 75 and 24% respectively. In the urine of rats injected with 15N-nitrite, about 20% of unidentified 15N-compounds not discovered in the inhalation experiment was found. The content of 15N-urea in the urine after injection with 15N-nitrate was lower than that after injection with 15N-nitrite. (3) When 15N-nitrite (0.617 mg animal-1 as 15N) was injected intraperitoneally in mice, 60.7, 7.8 and 0.3% of the injected 15N were found in the urine, feces and exhaled gas (NO, NO2 and NH3 in the gas were caught) up to 48 h after injection respectively, and 1.6% was found in the body 48 h after injection, but the remaining 30% of 15N could not be recovered. PMID- 6629504 TI - Respiratory symptoms of flight attendants during high-altitude flight: possible relation to cabin ozone exposure. AB - The smaller size and lighter weight of the Boeing 747SP aircraft, introduced into passenger service in 1976, permitted higher-altitude flight than older commercial aircraft and thus potentially greater ozone exposure for those of board. Concerned flight attendants distributed questionnaires relating to symptoms experienced on the Boeing 747SP and/or conventional 747 aircraft to Los Angeles- and New York-based flight attendants. Respondents reported symptoms by frequency and severity and by in-flight and after-flight occurrence. Based on the assessment of three health scientists as to ozone-relatedness, the frequency of "definite" and "probable" ozone-related symptoms of any severity reported by both groups of attendants was significantly associated with 747SP flights (chi squares: P less than 0.05). After-flight symptoms significantly associated with 747SP experience, although fewer in number than in-flight symptoms, were all in the scientists' "definite" category. In 21 flight attendants who complained of moderate to severe symptoms during 747SP flights, a battery of pulmonary function tests performed approximately two weeks after their last 747SP flight failed to reveal abnormalities. The symptom questionnaire results are consistent with possible exposure of cabin attendants to toxic levels of ozone during the higher altitude flights of the Boeing 747SP compared to conventional 747 aircraft. PMID- 6629505 TI - Vinyl chloride disease-neurological disturbances. AB - In a plant producing vinyl chloride by the emulsion method 200 workers who were exposed to vinyl chloride for 1 to 25 yr (mean 14), 58 (i.e. 29%) were free of complaints and nervous disturbances. An astheno-autonomic syndrome was found in 54 (i.e. 27%) and in 88 (i.e. 44%) in combination with positive neurological findings, i.e. pyramidal syndromes (in 52), cerebellar disturbances (in 38), trigeminal neuropathy (in 24) and extrapyramidal symptoms (in 3), in various combinations - pyramidal + cerebellar in 12, trigeminal + pyramidal in 7, trigeminal + cerebellar in 5. Headaches (48%), nervousness (26%), decrease in physical strength (16%), loss of memory (14%), sleeping disturbances and somnolence were the most frequent complaints. Scleroderma-like skin changes were found in ten subjects, but only six of them had any neurological disturbances. Occupational exposure to vinyl chloride was lower in workers without neurological findings. Frequency of the arterial hypertension was the same in both groups, whereas acroparesthesias, Raynaud's syndrome, and increased gamma GTP serum activity were significantly more frequent in workers with neurological disturbances. Sixty-two per cent of the neurologically positive group and only 24% of the negative group reported euphoric or narcotic states after exposure. This probably indicates episodic exposures to high concentrations of vinyl chloride. This difference points to a possibility that neurological disturbances may be related to short exposures to peak concentrations. The neurological injury may be both a direct neurotoxic effect of vinyl chloride and secondary to vascular disorders. PMID- 6629506 TI - Levels of cadmium and lead in blood in relation to smoking, sex, occupation, and other factors in an adult population of the FRG. AB - Levels of cadmium (CdB) and lead (PbB) were determined in the blood of 579 60-65 year-old residents of Cologne and two small cities near Cologne. CdB-levels in cigarette smokers are on the average 3-4 times higher than in non-smokers (geometric means: non-smokers, 0.44 micrograms/l; less than or equal to 10 cigarettes/d, 1.16 micrograms/l; greater than 10 cigarettes/d, 1.85 micrograms/l). The results indicate that, with regard to the internal dose, cadmium exposure via smoking may contribute even more than does exposure via food. PbB-levels (geometric mean: 8.49 micrograms/100 ml; range: 2.9-30.3 micrograms/100 ml) are in the acceptable range as defined by the CEC reference values. Male smokers have on the average slightly higher PbB-levels than male non smokers. In women PbB-levels are on the average lower than in men. PMID- 6629507 TI - Noise in small industry. AB - Exposure to noise, the availability and the use of ear protectors, and the adequacy of the medical surveillance of noise-exposed workers were surveyed in the small industry of Finland in order to provide information for the development of occupational health care. One hundred workplaces were chosen by random sampling to represent the small industry (personnel 5-49) in the province of Uusimaa. About a third (32%) of the workers (n = 1181) were exposed to a noise level of at least 85 dB (leq) when at work. However, the prevalence of noise exposure varied greatly, from 3 to 82% according to the type of industry. One in five workers exposed to noise was under periodic medical surveillance (audiogram). Ear protectors were available to about a half of the workers. Fewer than half of the workers with ear protectors at their disposal actually used them. Preventive measures are discussed with respect to noise-induced hearing loss among the personnel working in small industry. PMID- 6629509 TI - Original construction of thermo-esthesiometer and its application to vibration disease. AB - A thermo-esthesiometer was devised for the investigation of sensory disorders among operators of vibration tools. Moreover, its usefulness for diagnosis was investigated. The esthesiometer was composed of a copper pipe 80 cm long that was heated at one end with an electric heater and chilled at the other end with a cooling mixture of NaCl and ice. The temperature at each point of the copper pipe was measured using a sliding surface-thermometer. It gave a sigmoidal temperature gradient between 8.5 degrees and 47.5 degrees C at a room temperature of 20 degrees C. It took about 30 min to complete a stable temperature gradient from the start of heating and cooling. The profile of the temperature gradient curve was a function of room temperature. The stability of the temperature gradient curve was to be maintained satisfactorily for more than 5 h at a constant room temperature below 28 degrees C. The size of this apparatus, when it was broken up, was small enough to carry around easily. Using this esthesiometer, the warm and cool thresholds were measured at the fingertips of operators of vibration tools. From the results obtained the hypesthesia of temperature sense was shown to correlate very strictly with the stage of vibration disease. In particular, an upward deviation of warm threshold and an increase of the width of the neutral zone were observed in those patients. PMID- 6629508 TI - Hippuric acid and o-cresol in the urine of workers exposed to toluene. AB - Factory workers, 74 males and 56 females exposed predominantly to toluene up to 129 ppm, were examined for the urinary excretion of hippuric acid and o-cresol. The time-weighted averages (TWA) of toluene exposure were measured by personal sampling with carbon felt dosimeters. A preliminary study revealed that the concentrations of hippuric acid and o-cresol in urine increased during work and both reach their peaks at the end of the shift. Correlation coefficients between the TWA of toluene concentration in air and hippuric acid concentration in urine collected at the end of the shift were 0.803 for the 74 males, and 0.830 for the 56 females, while the counterpart correlation coefficients between toluene and o cresol were 0.607 for the 74 males, and 0.627 for the 56 females, suggesting that hippuric acid is more reliable than o-cresol as an index of toluene exposure. In the urine samples (4 to 8 samples per subject) collected during 8-h worktime from 11 males and 13 females, the urinary levels of o-cresol increased as a function of exposure time in parallel with those of hippuric acid, and the correlation coefficients between o-cresol and hippuric acid were significant (r = 0.834 approximately 0.987; P less than 0.05) when the urine samples from the same subjects were examined. The comparison of the slopes of 24 regression lines between o-cresol and hippuric acid in urine revealed that the maximal slope was almost 8 times as large as the minimal one. From 8 female workers, five urine samples each were collected during 8-h worktime on two consecutive Mondays and analyzed for the two metabolites. The slopes of the regression lines between o cresol and hippuric acid in the samples from the same subject were identical, regardless of variation in exposure intensity. The findings indicate that an individual difference exists in the pattern of toluene metabolism, and that the ratio between aliphatic and aromatic oxidation is presumably set congenitally. Possible toxicological significance is discussed. PMID- 6629510 TI - Availability of temperature sense indices for diagnosis of vibration disease. AB - The correlation between stages of vibration disease and hypesthesia of temperature sense detected with our thermo-esthesiometer was analyzed. We measured the warm and cool thresholds among operators (644 males) in three occupational categories with vibration exposure from hand-held vibratory tools, such as grinder, drill, sander, impact-wrench, bush-cutter and chain-saw. Through the examination of the relationship between the temperature threshold and the stage of vibration disease, the following was revealed: The warm sense threshold elevated parallel with the aggravation of vibration disease, although the skin temperature had no change or reduction. The hypesthesia of the cool sense threshold appeared in serious cases of vibration disease. This abnormality of the cool sense indicated a more intensive disorder than that detected by the warm sense abnormality. The width of the neutral zone between the warm and cool thresholds of the intact subjects was 6.6 degrees C +/- 3.8 C degrees. This neutral zone was enlarged with the aggravation of the vibration disease. Data also showed that the measurements of temperature sense threshold should be carried out under standardized room temperature. PMID- 6629511 TI - Lead exposure among 3-year-old children and their mothers living in a pottery producing area. AB - The present study's aim was to compare the levels of lead exposure between 3-year old children and their mothers in a pottery-producing area, and to assess the levels of lead exposure for 3-year-old children of the parents engaged in pottery manufacturing work. For these purposes urinary lead, coproporphyrin, and delta aminolevulinic acid were determined for the children and their mothers, living in a pottery-producing area and in a control area. The mean urinary lead was 9.3 to 10.8 micrograms/1 for the mothers in the pottery-producing area and 10.6 micrograms/1 for the children in the control area. In contrast, among the children in the pottery-producing area, those whose parents had been engaged in the pottery production had a much higher mean urinary lead of 13.6 to 15.8 micrograms/1. These results suggest that parental work related to lead contributes appreciably to lead exposure for children. PMID- 6629512 TI - Evaluation of noise susceptibility: effects of noise exposure on acoustic reflex. AB - The threshold of acoustic reflex (AR) was measured in workers exposed to occupational noise. White noise (WN), and pure tones of 1 and 4 kHz were selected as activating stimuli for AR. The results were compared with the thresholds of AR (ART) in the normal group (Group C) reported by the authors previously. To examine in relation between noise exposure and ART, the exposed group was classified into two groups by their hearing levels (HL) at 4 and 8 kHz; i.e. Group D (HL(4k + 8k)/2 less than 25 dB) and Group E (HL(4k + 8k)/2 greater than or equal to 25 dB). A significant (P less than 0.001) elevation of ARTWN was observed not only in Group E (8.8 dB) but also in D (7.5 dB) with normal hearing acuity. A significant (P less than 0.001) lowering of ART1k was observed in Group E only. The difference between ART1k and ARTWN, [ART1k-ARTWN], was reduced significantly (P less than 0.001) in the exposed groups; i.e. 12.4 dB in Group C, 3.7 dB in Group D and 0.6 dB in Group E. These results suggested that the value of [ART1k-ARTWN] may be used as a sensitive and objective indicator for detecting and evaluating the early stages of noise-induced hearing impairment and individual susceptibility to noise. PMID- 6629514 TI - Lead uptake from vegetables grown along highways. AB - Blood-lead levels were measured in tenants of vegetable gardens located in close proximity to busy highways (average: greater than 25000 vehicles per workday) in the Netherlands. For comparison, blood-lead levels were determined in tenants of vegetable gardens located away from busy traffic. The results indicate that there is no significant difference between the geometric mean blood-lead levels of the two populations, despite a 2-3-fold difference in the lead content of their vegetables, and despite frequent consumption of these vegetables in the exposed group. Mean PbB-values were around 0.48 mumol/1 (100 micrograms/1), which is well below existing health guidelines and slightly below the levels found in another recent survey of Dutch suburban residents. PMID- 6629513 TI - Evaluation of biological monitoring among stainless steel welders. AB - Ten manual metal arc (MMA) high alloy stainless steel (SS) welders were studied during one week and the concentrations of chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) were determined in their urine and blood. Stationary and personal air samples were collected from the immediate work environment; they covered the entire work period. Spot urine samples were collected during the follow-up period. Whole blood and plasma samples were taken from the workers before and after one shift, and the retention rate of magnetic dust in the lungs was estimated with magnetopneumography. On the basis of the results, indices of short-term exposure to Cr and Ni were evaluated. Urinary Cr and Ni concentrations (corrected to creatinine) reflect both the body burden caused by long-term and short-term exposure to easily soluble fractions of these metals. The results indicated that the use of Cr and Ni urinary analyses as indices of short-term exposure is not as dependable as previously assumed. The Cr and Ni concentrations in whole blood and plasma did not correlate with the measured exposure, but the daily mean increase in the Cr concentration reflected exposure to total Cr and Cr(VI) very well. The large variation in the Cr concentration of the morning urine (0.01-2.7 mumol/1) and blood (0.05-1.43 mumol/1) indicated large personal variations of body burden among the exposed welders. The retention rate of magnetic dust in the lungs correlated well (P less than 0.01) with the daily mean increase of Cr in blood. Very good correlations (P less than 0.001) were found between the retention rate of magnetic dust and the personal air samples of Cr and Cr(VI). PMID- 6629515 TI - Physiological responses to sustained isometric contractions during one- and two armed work. Role of muscle mass on cardiovascular responses to isometric work. AB - Cardiovascular and ventilatory responses were investigated during one- and two armed isometric contractions at the same level of maximum voluntary contraction force (MVC). Significant differences were observed in heart rate, blood pressure, pulse arrival time, and oxygen intake in the contractions as compared with each other. These findings contradict the generally accepted view that cardiovascular responses at the same relative force in isometric muscle contractions, irrespective of the size of muscle mass engaged, are equal. PMID- 6629516 TI - Sensitive flame-photometric-detector analysis of thiodiglycolic acid in urine as a biological monitor of vinyl chloride. AB - A simple and selective method to detect thiodiglycolic acid (TdGA) in urine by flame-photometric-detector (FPD) of gas chromatograph (GC) is described. The detection limit of this method is less than 1 ng without disturbances. Urine from 64 subjects exposed to different air concentration of vinyl chloride (VCM) from 0.3 ppm to more than 100 ppm in three groups and 78 subjects was detected in this way. A comparison of the results of these groups shows significant differences between the control and two exposed groups. PMID- 6629517 TI - The radiation dose to man following the intravenous injection of radiosulphate (Na2(35)SO4). AB - An estimation of the radiation dose to mans' testes, the critical organ, for radiosulphate (Na2(35)SO4) has been made by a combination of studies on rats and human volunteers. The radiation dose to rats testes and the rate of disappearance of radiosulphate from the blood and urine of humans have been increased. The calculated radiation dose of 7.7 muGy/MBq to mans' testes is lower than previously reported. PMID- 6629518 TI - Synthesis and quality control testing of 32P labeled ion exchange resin microspheres for radiation therapy of hepatic neoplasms. AB - Commercial cation exchange resin beads (200--400 mesh) are separated into narrow particle size ranges by sieving and differential sedimentation. These microspheres are converted into the chromic form by reaction with Cr(NO2)3, labeled with 20 mCi 32P phosphate by exchange at pH 2--4, and converted to a stable product at pH 9. Chemical stability ahd biological behavior of these microspheres suspended in physiological saline is measured before administration through a hepatic artery catheter for radiation therapy of the liver and hepatic neoplasms. PMID- 6629519 TI - The influence of experimental conditions on the association constant for binding of vitamin B12 by human intrinsic factor coupled to Sepharose 4B. AB - The association constant for binding of vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) by human intrinsic factor coupled to Sepharose 4B and the concentration of binding sites of the coupled intrinsic factor have been measured as a function of pH, temperature, ionic strength and the presence of various (ionic and non-ionic) components in the solution. PMID- 6629520 TI - Cyclotron isotopes and radiopharmaceuticals--XXXIII. Synthesis and structural effect of selective biliary excretion of halogenated indotricarbocyanines. AB - Five indotricarbocyanines of structure I were synthesized and labeled with 131I in the 5 position. The substituent, R, was varied [formula: see text] R = H, F, Cl, Br and I. The dynamics of hepatic uptake and blood clearance of the labeled compounds were determined in mice. Kidney uptake in all cases was negligible. The hepatic excretion displayed 2 components. The initial hepatic disappearance rates of R = H and R = F were 7.3 and 4.5%/min, respectively. The maximum liver activity in mice occurred at 2--5 min and the % remaining in the liver at 0.5 h was 3.6, 8.6, 19, 29 and 47% for R = H, F, Cl, Br and I substitution. It is notable that a small change in the substituent at the 5' position in the molecule has such a pronounced effect. Whether electronic and/or steric effects are controlling the mechanism of hepatobiliary clearance is not obvious. A correlation of the liver activity with the covalent radius of R was noted. The comparative studies were at an injected dose of 0.4--0.6 mumol/kg, and typically at a specific activity of 200 mCi/mol. Loading dose effects were not appreciable under these conditions. Scintigraphic results are reported for dogs and a rabbit. The results suggest that indotricarbocyanines of structure (I) labeled with 123I or with 18F are potential radiopharmaceuticals for dynamic hepatobiliary function studies. PMID- 6629521 TI - [77Br]halothane: a radiobrominated anesthetic. PMID- 6629522 TI - Aluminum - related osteomalacia. PMID- 6629523 TI - An appraisal of the subclavian dialysis catheter. PMID- 6629524 TI - Improvement of erythropoiesis in uremic patients on CAPD. AB - Chronic renal failure anemia noticeably improves only in patients who undergo CAPD treatment. In order to understand why it is so, the behaviour of some hematological parameters and the weekly clearances of creatinine and peak 7c1 were studied in the course of hemodialysis (HD) and CAPD. Our study shows that an improvement in hematological data is obtained in patients undergoing CAPD but not in those undergoing HD: this result is directly correlated with the increase of the peak 7c1 weekly clearance. Since the serum erythropoietin values are not modified, the improvement of the anemia appears to be related to the reduction of the biochemical abnormality of uremia using a better qualitative or quantitative depuration of bone marrow activity inhibitory material by CAPD. PMID- 6629525 TI - Eosinophilia in patients undergoing regular hemodialysis. AB - The prevalence of eosinophilia (eosinophil counts greater than 400/mm3) in 69 patients undergoing regular hemodialysis for one to 80 months was estimated as 52,2%, in a random examination. On the other hand, a retrospective chart review of 30 patients hemodialyzed at one unit between 1973 and 1981 showed that 14 of them developed either recurrent of continuous eosinophilia, while 16 never had elevated eosinophil counts over a period of 21 to 72 months. In the whole group of 30 patients, mean eosinophil count increased progressively during the first two years of hemodialysis treatment and remained unchanged thereafter. All cases of eosinophilia were observed between the years 1977 and 1981 i.e., at least two years after a change in the type of dialyzers used at this unit. PMID- 6629527 TI - In vivo evaluation of a composite sorbent for the treatment of paraquat intoxication by hemoperfusion. AB - In vivo evaluation of a new hemoperfusion (HP) device for Paraquat detoxification is reported. The key element of the extracorporeal system is a column packed with newly developed composite sorbent beads containing Fullers' Earth (FE) entrapped in crosslinked Agarose. The proposed HP system exhibits very good biocompatibility characteristics when conventional heparinization is supplemented by infusing 0.02 ml per min acid-citrate dextrose (ACD) solution per ml. perfused blood at the inlet to the HP column. No complications or abnormalities were detected in animals which were hemoperfused with the system described. It is suggested that the new device is effective and safe for clinical application. PMID- 6629526 TI - Adsorption and reactivity of human fibrinogen and immunoglobulin G on two types of hemodialysis membranes. AB - Phase contrast microscopic examination of Cuprophane and polyacrylonitrile. After clinical ex vivo use by uremic patients revealed extensive cellular deposition of erythrocytes, platelets, and leukocytes on Cuprophane but not on polyacrylonitrile. In vitro studies with 125I-labeled human fibrinogen or immunoglobulin G (IgG) showed that the adsorption of fibrinogen or IgG was greater on polyacrylonitrile than on Cuprophane. Further studies on the reactivity of fibrinogen adsorbed on polyacrylonitrile surface indicated that the absorbed fibrinogen: (a) was not desorbed readily from the surface, (b) was not appreciably displaced by other plasma proteins such as albumin, IgG, and fibrinogen, (c) was not readily accessible for reaction with 125I-antifibrinogen IgG, and (d) did not promote the adhesion of 51Cr-labeled platelets. IgG adsorbed on the surface produced essentially no effect on platelet adhesion to polyacrylonitrile and promoted only slightly on the adhesion of granulocytes to the same material. On the other hand, fibrinogen and IgG augmented greatly the platelet adhesion to Cuprophane and IgG enhanced the granulocyte adhesion moderately. These data indicate that fibrinogen and IgG, though at high concentration on polyacrylonitrile, may adsorb in a biologically inactive form. Our observations suggest that the thrombogenicity of an artificial surface may not be assessed entirely by the types and amount of the various protein species adsorbed but is likely determined by the reactivity of the specific protein species adsorbed on the material. PMID- 6629528 TI - EEG study on progressive dialytic encephalopathy in treatment with desferrioxamine. PMID- 6629529 TI - Long-term study of the ultrastructural changes of myocardium in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, with more than 10 years follow-up. AB - The myocardium from 44 patients undergoing open cardiac surgery was studied to determine if alterations demonstrable with the electron microscope could be related to prognosis. Planimetric methods were used to evaluate myofibrils, Golgi, mitochondria, myelin figures, other organelles, and intracellular space in order to achieve as objective a measurement as possible. Morphologic changes were graded and correlated with clinical findings and results after long-term follow up. Factors evaluated in terms of survival included patient age, degree and extent of valvular disease, the presence of coronary artery disease, and degenerative changes of the myocardium as demonstrated ultrastructurally. Patients dying, of cardiac causes, within the first 5 years, had a higher ultrastructural grade than those surviving for more than 10 years. Statistical analysis, using stepwise regression methods, demonstrated a highly significant correlation (P less than 0.001) between cardiac ultrastructural integrity and prognosis. The addition of age to the prediction model was also significant (P less than 0.04), using the two variable models, EM grade and age were, similarly, highly significant (P less than 0.001). PMID- 6629530 TI - Ventricular morphology as a prognostic indicator of outcome following cardiac surgery. PMID- 6629531 TI - Coronary hemodynamics and subendocardial perfusion distal to stenoses. AB - We compared distal coronary hemodynamics and regional myocardial perfusion in anesthetized dogs in the presence of a single or two coronary artery stenoses in series. After application of either a single or two stenoses on the left anterior descending coronary artery, regional myocardial blood flow was measured with radioactive microspheres. Moderate degrees of single-vessel stenosis (no change in resting coronary blood flow but reduction in reactive hyperemic response of 70%) resulted in no significant change in regional myocardial perfusion at rest despite a pressure drop across the stenosis of 24 +/- 3 mm Hg. When two such stenoses were applied in series, there was a 91% decrease in reactive hyperemia, a significant reduction in resting diastolic coronary blood flow and a 51 +/- 7 mm Hg pressure drop across the two stenoses. Alone, each stenosis produced no change in regional myocardial perfusion; however, together the two stenoses resulted in a significant decrease in subendocardial blood flow and a redistribution of transmural perfusion within the ischemic zone favoring the subepicardium (endo/epi from 0.95 +/- 0.03 to 0.72 +/- 0.03). The results indicate that whereas resting subendocardial perfusion is not significantly affected by moderate degrees of a single coronary artery stenosis, multiple stenoses of the same severity may dramatically reduce subendocardial perfusion. PMID- 6629532 TI - Evaluation of coronary artery stenoses. PMID- 6629533 TI - Complete heart block in chronic chloroquine poisoning. AB - Complete heart block of recent onset is reported and is attributed to chronic chloroquine abuse. Total blood chloroquine was more than two times higher in this patient than in 4 patients following therapeutic doses of chloroquine, and chloroquine basic metabolites were also proportionally higher in this patient's blood. PMID- 6629534 TI - The cholesterol-coronary question: why not a policy of selective intervention? PMID- 6629535 TI - The prevention and control of epidemic coronary heart disease: scientific foundations and strategic approaches. PMID- 6629536 TI - Arteriosclerosis remains a dilemma. PMID- 6629537 TI - On running oneself to death. PMID- 6629538 TI - Warning arrhythmias in ischemic heart disease. PMID- 6629540 TI - The changing spectrum of post-myocardial infarction pericarditis. PMID- 6629539 TI - The role and limitations of electrophysiologic testing in patients with unexplained syncope. PMID- 6629541 TI - Doing the undoable: academic medicine's Catch 22. PMID- 6629542 TI - Differential increase in potency of neuromuscular blocking agents by enflurane and halothane. AB - Cumulative dose-response curves of suxamethonium, tubocurarine, and pancuronium were constructed in 142 patients under enflurane and halothane anesthesia, and neuroleptic anesthesia (control group). The dose-response curves shifted to the left with increasing inspired concentrations of enflurane and halothane, thus indicating an increase in neuromuscular blocking potency. An evaluation of the ED50 shows that this increase is quite different for the three relaxants studied. Enflurane has a significantly greater synergistic effect than halothane. Beside other mechanisms and sites of action, which are briefly discussed, the recently proposed transient-state concept of relaxant-receptor interaction is applied to explain the increase in affinity at the receptor level. PMID- 6629543 TI - Plasma isosorbide dinitrate concentrations and effect after chewable and high dose, sustained-release formulations. AB - Isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) was given to eight healthy volunteers either as 5 mg chewable ISDN hourly or as 40-mg, slow-release formulation every 8 h. Plasma concentration of ISDN and its two metabolites were measured during one dosing interval at steady state. Mean steady-state plasma concentration (Cpss) during the interval was taken as a measure for bioavailability. Cpss after bucal absorption was similar to that after the sustained-release preparation. Relative bioavailability of the latter reached 111%. The effect of ISDN was measured by digital plethysmography (DPG) during the first dosing interval and after 10 and 48 h, when a steady state had been reached with each formulation. DPG changes were of similar magnitude during the first 10 h, but showed a 30% decrease after 48 h. This tolerance is probably due to physiologic counterregulation. Changes in DPG reflect effects of ISDN which can be used during short-term application of the drug to assess systemic bioavailability. Development of tolerance, however, precludes the use of DPG to assess bioavailability in long-lasting steady-state experiments. PMID- 6629544 TI - Microbiologic and clinical studies with cefuroxime. AB - The microbiologic and therapeutic efficacy of cefuroxime, a lactamase-stable cephalosporin, was studied. Of the 2532 bacterial isolates of clinical origin, 80 95% of the E. coli, indole-negative Proteus, Klebsiella-enterobacter, Staphylococcus aureus, and 72-74% of indole-positive Proteus and Streptococcus B haemolyticus strains were found susceptible to cefuroxime by the disc method. Forty-three bacterial infections of 36 patients were treated; most of them were critically or seriously ill at the start of treatment. Half of the patients had failed to respond to previous antibacterial therapy. Cefuroxime was administered in doses of 750 and 1500 mg, three times daily, for an average of 11 days (6-37 days). Ten patients received an aminoglycoside in addition to cefuroxime. Forty one infections of 34 patients were cured, one relapsed, and one did not respond. The pathogen was identified in 36 infections; in 34 it was eradicated. Cefuroxime was well tolerated by all patients including one with penicillin allergy. No side effects occurred except local pain at the site of i.m. injections in two cases. It is concluded that cefuroxime has a high efficacy against resistant strains and an outstanding value in severe bacterial infections. PMID- 6629545 TI - Single-dose i.v. Aldactone for congestive heart failure: a preliminary observation. AB - Aldactone (200 mg potassium canrenoate i.v.) was given in a single dose as the sole drug to 30 patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Of these patients 21 were unresponsive to routine treatment. Clinical improvement was observed in 18 of 30 patients (60%) within 6 h after Aldactone injection. Good diuretic effect (urine volume over 500 ml/6 h) was achieved in 14 patients, including 7 cases who responded dramatically (diuresis 700-1500 ml in 6 h). Plasma aldosterone concentrations before the injection of Aldactone were variable in individual patients. An analysis of their diuretic response to the Aldactone injection within 6 h showed that responders had significantly higher initial plasma aldosterone level (312 +/- 108 pg/ml) than non-responders (152 +/- 31 pg/ml) (p less than 0.02). The same tendency was observed if good or poor clinical effects were considered. Aldactone caused a slight increase in plasma potassium level (0.20 mEq/1) (p less than 0.025). Aldactone given in a single dose i.v. to patients with CHF is a potent drug and can produce a dramatic response in some individuals who are refractory to routine therapy. The beneficial effects of Aldactone could be seen within the first 6 h especially in patients with secondary aldosteronism. PMID- 6629546 TI - Bioavailability of Theodel, a new theophylline tablet, in humans. AB - The bioavailability of Theodel, a new scored tablet of theophylline, was investigated in eight healthy adult volunteers. Rate of absorption and AUC infinity were compared after single oral doses of Theodel (250 mg), of an aqueous solution (250 mg), and of two Theolair tablets (2 X 125 mg). Theophylline was rapidly absorbed from the Theodel tablet, with a t1/2abs of 0.44 +/- 0.37 h; maximum plasma concentrations of 8.0 +/- 2.3 mg/l were reached after 1.8 +/- 0.8 h. Almost the entire dose was recovered from urine as theophylline and its major metabolites, 1,3-dimethyluric acid, 1-methyluric acid, and 3-methylxanthine. Theophylline was, therefore, efficiently absorbed from this formulation. The plasma elimination half-life ranged from 5.9 to 10.4 h. Based on the assumption that absorption is complete, the plasma clearance ranged from 0.028 to 0.048 1 X h-1 X kg-1, and the apparent volume of distribution from 0.38 to 0.57 1/kg. No significant difference between the rate and the extent of theophylline absorption was observed for the three preparations, which are thus bioequivalent. Simulations of plasma levels after repeated administration of Theodel tablets showed that plasma theophylline concentrations remain in the therapeutic range with three doses per day. PMID- 6629547 TI - Serum prostaglandin F levels during menstrual cycle in women using oral contraceptives. AB - Prostaglandin F concentrations were determined in the serum of women using either no contraception or oral contraceptives. Samples were taken between days 11 to 16 of the menstrual cycle. Significantly higher PGF levels were found in those women using oral contraceptives. PMID- 6629548 TI - The absorption of intramuscular chlordiazepoxide (Librium) in patients with severe alcoholic liver disease. AB - Intramuscular chlordiazepoxide (CDX) is commonly administered to alcoholic liver disease (ALD) patients requiring prompt management of alcohol agitation, anxiety, and delirium tremors. Sedative action is associated with plasma levels of approximately 2.0 mcg/ml, however, intramuscular CDX has been shown to produce peak concentrations consistently below 2.0 mcg/ml in normal subjects. The present study was designed to define the absorption characteristics of intramuscular 25 mg CDX in males with ALD. Five normal males had mean CDX absorption half-lives of 3.0 h and peaked at 0.8 mcg/ml in 7.2 h, while 11 males with ALD had mean absorption half-lives of 9.0 h, and peaked at 0.7 mcg/ml in 19.1 h when they received the drug dissolved in normal saline. Four other males with ALD who received CDX dissolved in the manufacturer's diluent had significantly slower mean absorption half-lives of 16.1 h which peaked at 0.3 mcg/ml in 35.2 h. Significant linear correlations were found with age (r = 0.60, p less than 0.01), body weight (r = 0.55, p less than 0.01), and serum albumin (r = 0.60, p less than 0.01). Because of the extremely slow intramuscular absorption of CDX dissolved in normal saline or the manufacturer's diluent in males with ALD, we do not recommend this route of administration in this population. PMID- 6629549 TI - Adverse drug reactions--again. AB - The allowance made by the medical profession, the health authorities, or the public for the inevitable chance that the author of information may be wrong is much lower in the case of issues relative to drug safety than for other issues with comparable safety components. Recognition of the fact that true knowledge requires several studies so that various errors and biases can be eliminated would help to dedramatize the issue, and this would benefit everybody. Since no single method or system of monitoring will solve all the problems, proceeding through a sequence of objectively oriented approaches is necessary. Such an approach more optimally manifests the limitation of each method used and helps to interpret the results. An organizational structure that permits closer cooperation between all interested parties is necessary. It should not be left in the hands of any single body, and medical and methodologic audits should check its activities. Moreover, information should be more easily accessible to interested parties than is now the case with most monitoring systems. PMID- 6629550 TI - Saliva lithium levels for monitoring lithium prophylaxis of manic depressive psychosis. AB - The usefulness of salivary lithium values for monitoring long-term lithium prophylaxis was studied in 60 patients on lithium therapy. A total of 99 pairs of saliva and serum samples were obtained, and the correlation between serum and salivary lithium levels (r = 0.73) was found to be significant at the 1% level. The ratio of salivary serum levels to that of serum was found to range from 1.77 to 6.68. The ratio of 51% of the samples was between 3 and 3.99. It is therefore suggested that it is important to identify the subgroup of patients who show better correlation of salivary and serum lithium levels and use each individual's ratio to monitor only his lithium therapy. PMID- 6629551 TI - A new spirometric parameter in clinical pharmacology. AB - Several functional parameters can be used to define respiratory dysfunctions. Many of these variables provide specific information about particular physiopathologic phenomena, but they seldom provide a general overview of the ventilatory function. Nevertheless, both pharmacologic and epidemiologic research need functional parameters that precisely specify the respiratory defect. The new parameter we discuss takes into account the variations in volumes as related to flow variations: it is the product of two traditional spirometric parameters (FEV1 X MMEF). This value gives information on the patient's capacity to exhale air from the lungs for a fixed variation of intrathoracic pressure as well as data on the acceleration pattern of the expired volume in 1 s, hence the name, acceleration index (AI). AI was used to predict bronchodilation in two groups of patients with severe airway flow limitations. On the basis of our findings three conclusions can be drawn. This new spirometric parameter provides an inexpensive and rapid means of obtaining a highly sensitive definition of the patient's respiratory dysfunction which is useful in screening patients. Applied to patients with severe airways obstruction, AI can be used to immediately predict the reversibility of air flow limitation and then to define the limits of the activity of bronchodilators. Finally, a basal value of AI below 1.000 l/s-1 indicates the probable irreversibility of the airways obstruction, regardless of drug or route of administration. Such cases suggest a prevailing picture of emphysema rather than reversible bronchospasm. PMID- 6629552 TI - Effects of steroid therapy on pulmonary involvement in sarcoidosis. AB - In eleven patients with stage II-III pulmonary sarcoidosis as assessed by mediastinoscopy or open lung biopsy, we carried out a functional study by evaluating static and dynamic pulmonary volumes, diffusing lung properties (TLCO, KCO), and mechanical properties: resistance of the airway, flow-volume curve, pressure-volume curve, flow-pressure curve, and dynamic compliance. In 7 of 11 patients a clinical and functional follow-up during steroid treatment over a period of 5 months to 3 years was also performed. Before treatment diffusing properties were in the normal range in 6 of 11 subjects, reduced in 4, and increased in 1. Elastic properties studied in 8 patients were in the normal range, whereas peripheral airway involvement was noted in 4 nonsmokers. During the follow-up the changes noted in diffusing lung properties on the whole parallelled the clinical and radiologic improvement or relapses after cessation of therapy. In contrast, no changes in elastic properties or lung volume were noted. We concluded that steroid treatment seems to improve parenchymal lung involvement in most cases as shown by the increase in diffusing lung properties. PMID- 6629553 TI - A comparative study of metoprolol and methyldopa in the treatment of hypertension. AB - The efficacy of metoprolol, a new cardioselective beta-blocking drug, was compared with that of methyldopa in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension in a long-term study. A total of 25 patients received metoprolol in a maximum dose of 200 mg once daily; 30 patients received 500 mg methyldopa twice a day. Both groups of hypertensive patients had similar blood pressure upon entering the study (methyldopa: 182/110 mmHg; metoprolol: 180/110 mmHg). Two years after continuing therapy the blood pressures were similar (methyldopa: 142/90 mmHg; metoprolol: 145/90 mmHg). The great difference between the two drugs was the incidence and severity of side effects, here metoprolol offered a definite advantage. PMID- 6629555 TI - Attitudes of potential employers toward drug abuse. AB - Administrators of engineering, fiscal, and personnel services were surveyed for attitudes toward drug abuse. Responses were highly correlated despite significant differences among groups in age, education, and personal acquaintance with drug abusers. They applied more stringent preemployment requirements to drug abusers than alcoholics, and consequences of these requirements in a troubled economic climate were considered. Attitudes of nontreatment administrators were correlated to a lesser degree with earlier responses by psychology administrators. Groups frequently endorsed the concept of special hospitals for abusers and seldom endorsed the use of jails and the court system unless distribution or related criminal activity was involved. PMID- 6629554 TI - Affective disorder in alcoholism. AB - In an attempt to explore the relationship between alcoholism and depression, family history data were examined in a sample of 90 alcoholic patients, 39 of whom were also depressed. Although subtypes of depression could not be distinguished on the basis of family history data, patients with depression were almost twice as likely to have a depressed biological relative and were more likely to have depression in two consecutive generations than nondepressed alcoholics. The implications of these results are discussed in terms of differential diagnosis, treatment, and future research. PMID- 6629556 TI - Female bartenders: their perspectives on bartending and alcohol use. AB - This study of 20 female bartenders finds that while they are very customer oriented, they do not use their discretion to cope with problem drinkers. They are willing to undergo alcoholism education in order to be more helpful. Thus they have potential for assisting in the societal task of reducing alcoholism. PMID- 6629557 TI - Drug arrest statistics: a proposal for their use. AB - The extent to which drug use has increased, decreased, or leveled in the recent past is still subject to debate. This inconclusiveness is at least partly the result of the researchers' inability to monitor drug use in a constant and ongoing fashion. Instead, cross-sectional studies of different populations taken at different points in time are most often used to examine "trends." This paper suggests that arrest data, easily obtainable and immediately analyzable, may be used with caution to observe change in drug use. PMID- 6629558 TI - Enhancing decision behavior in high school "smokers". AB - In the first stage of the present study, personal control beliefs of smokers and nonsmokers in several high schools were analyzed. This attitudinal information was utilized for embedding implicit suggestions into an interventional format. The cognitive-behavioral intervention in two high schools consisted of identified smokers receiving various reinforcements for coping behaviors relevant to cigarette control. Matched groups in two other high schools received popular tips on how to quit smoking. Only subjects in the cognitive-behavior condition reported a significant smoking reduction at 1-month and 3-month posttests. Subjects receiving the cognitive-behavioral program revised their ideal level of marijuana consumption downward and differed on certain other beliefs compared to the popular tips group. Motivational and self-regulative characteristics of participants were also examined through in-depth questioning. PMID- 6629559 TI - Countertransferential and attitudinal considerations in the treatment of drug abuse and addiction. AB - This article explores countertransferential and attitudinal considerations in relation to their impact on the evaluation, diagnosis, and therapeutic management of drug-dependent individuals. Following a literature survey of the manner in which countertransference has been applied to the treatment of drug dependency, the authors discuss the status of the drug-dependent individual as a psychiatric patient and the resultant treatment implications when such a patient is viewed from within, rather than exclusive of, the mental health treatment delivery system. A number of examples are provided of patient-induced countertransferential reactions, in addition to specific attitudinal factors often present in the treatment of addiction. PMID- 6629560 TI - Evaluation of drug counselor training: a pilot study. AB - A pilot evaluation study was conducted to explore the impact of a training course aimed at helping drug counselors establish effective therapeutic relationships with their clients. Counselor abilities to reflect accurate empathy, sensitivity to client values and attitudes, and use of specified problem-solving techniques were measured before and after training through counselor self-ratings and ratings of counselor behaviors provided by clients and supervisors. The preliminary findings reveal a trend toward improved drug counselor functioning along these dimensions following training. However, the findings also suggest that the greatest impact of training may be a shift in drug counselor self perceptions toward more confidence in their own capability to establish effective therapeutic relationships. PMID- 6629561 TI - Agency differences in posttreatment outcomes: a follow-up of drug abuse treatment clients. AB - The present study examined variations in posttreatment outcomes for clients treated in the same modality but in different treatment agencies located across the United States. Three modalities were studied, represented by seven methadone maintenance (MM) programs, seven therapeutic community (TC) programs, and nine outpatient drug-free (DF) programs. Agency differences within MM and TC programs were not significantly different on posttreatment outcomes for opioid use, nonopioid use, alcohol use, productive activities, and criminality. There were significant outcome differences among the DF agencies, but they were explained by variations in the background characteristics of the particular types of clients served by each agency. In particular, these posttreatment outcome differences appeared to be related to programs treating primarily opioid addicts versus primarily nonopioid users. PMID- 6629562 TI - A factor analytic study of the relationship of experience seeking and trait anxiety to drug use and reasons for drug use. AB - The relationship of measures of sensation seeking and trait anxiety to drug use and reasons for drug use was studied among a sample of 92 detained or adjudicated adolescent males in a residential detention facility. Experience seeking was found to be related to drug use in general, and especially use of "hard" drugs. Anxiety tended to be related to drug avoidance, except in the case of marijuana and alcohol use. Reasons for drug use which related with experience seeking were excitement and thrill oriented, whereas reasons associated with anxiety were related to feelings of discomfort for this sample. In general, experience seeking was a stronger factor than trait anxiety in these findings. Implications for more action-oriented and less insight-oriented treatment are discussed in light of these results. PMID- 6629563 TI - A treatment outcome study of alcohol halfway house residents in the south Bronx. AB - A sample of 31 residents in an alcohol halfway house were evaluated upon admission and after a duration of time. An assessment of alcohol use, personality, and behavioral characteristics was conducted both initially and at the time of follow-up. The subjects were also compared based on the degree of successful outcome in the program. Differences between three outcome groups were found, indicating that the poor outcome group was younger, had a multiple-drug history, included more subjects who tended to drink with others, and had a greater number of blackouts while drinking. Suggestions for future research and a discussion of methodological difficulties are offered. PMID- 6629564 TI - Self-help drug misuse intervention: a schema. AB - A self-help schema is presented which delineates the minimal factors that should be considered in the development or maintenance of any self-help effort. The schema is simply a skeleton which is to be filled out by the specific needs of a given effort within a given context. Its importance lies in the hope that it may serve as a catalyst for the creation of useful and usable self-help models which are also evaluatable. PMID- 6629565 TI - The process of self-help: the community's role. AB - A series of concepts and definitions of community and self-help are presented for use in the development of models for intervention in which clarity in the community's role will reinforce self-help ventures. PMID- 6629566 TI - Anxiety as a factor in continuance and dropout in treatment. AB - The present study was conducted to determine whether or not a statistically significant relationship exists between patients' anxiety levels and dropout rates in an inpatient alcoholism treatment program. The anxiety test scores of two groups (20 veterans completing a 4-week rehabilitation program and 20 veterans terminating treatment against staff advice during the initial 2 weeks of treatment) were compared. No significant differences were measured in a between group comparison. The need for future research to be conducted with the inclusion of a control group is illustrated in regard to the findings of this study. PMID- 6629567 TI - Treating the drug user: built-in conceptual problems. PMID- 6629569 TI - Psychological aspects of drug-taking behavior. AB - A review of recent research identifying antecedents and correlates of drug-taking behavior is presented, together with a brief discussion of their implications for prevention of drug use. Emphasis is given to the need to perceive drug-taking behavior as a multidimensional phenomenon, in which the choice of drug, personality, and social factors, among many other variables, need to be interrelated. The efficacy of an interactionist approach is presented as a means of furthering an understanding of drug-taking behavior. PMID- 6629568 TI - "Never believe an alcoholic"? On the validity of self-report measures of alcohol dependence and related constructs. AB - A study of 114 male and female alcoholics was conducted to evaluate the validity of information obtained by means of self-report questionnaires. Factor analysis was used to derive composite measures of alcohol dependence, withdrawal symptomatology, pathological intoxication, and alcoholic psychosis. Validation was conducted by comparing these measures with independent and external criteria; that is drinking estimates made by collateral informants, measures of general alcohol involvement, and drinking behavior 6 months after treatment. The results support each type of validity, and thereby contradict the assumption that the alcoholics' self-reports were not accurate. The question of unreliable self report data due to the demand characteristics of the situation under which the information is obtained is also addressed. PMID- 6629570 TI - Client initiative, inertia, and demographics: more powerful than treatment interventions in methadone maintenance? AB - A major treatment intervention, previously reported in the literature, was conducted in which methadone clients were able to regulate their maintenance dose on a weekly basis. In this paper, the relationships among the intervention outcomes, demographic and personality variables, and treatment assignment are presented. The analyses indicate that personality, demographic, drug career, and treatment history variables did not interact with treatment assignment to produce particular outcomes. Nevertheless, outcome could be predicted by baseline illicit opiate use, prestudy methadone dosage, an interaction of age and ethnicity, and variables related to clients' initiative versus inertia with regard to treatment. PMID- 6629571 TI - Psychopathology and chronic drug use: a methodological paradigm. AB - Four carefully matched groups, each containing nine male, chronic users of a specific type of substance, were compared with each other and with a group of nine nonusers. Each person was elaborately studied in a representative case research, but this report presents only data from two tests of intelligence (the Revised Beta and the WAIS) and two tests of personality (the MMPI and 16 PF). Extensive descriptive information is presented to characterize the participants. Groups were found not to differ on scores on intelligence tests, and the MMPI was found to reveal more group differences than the 16 PF. Users of barbiturates and sedative-hypnotics were most severely maladjusted, followed by users of opiates, users of cocaine, users of amphetamine and its congeners, and nonusers. Differences also appeared between combined users of stimulants, combined users of depressants, and nonusers, as well as between all drug users (as a group) and nonusers. This research is offered as a methodological paradigm for evaluating future studies. It illustrates how the representative case method may be expanded to permit comparisons among groups. PMID- 6629572 TI - An economic analysis of the illicit drug market. AB - Analyses of heroin addiction have often focused on its relationship to crime. It is assumed that with an increase in price, the addict who has a dependence must commit crime to support his habit. The present analysis proposes a new and critical approach to the problem based upon Consumer Behavior Analysis. It identifies the variables of Complements and Substitutes, and their effects upon price, supply and demand, criminality, and possible implementation of treatment modalities. PMID- 6629574 TI - Personality, prior drug use, and introspective experience during nitrous oxide intoxication. AB - This report compares data on some personality characteristics and prior drug experiences of 60 volunteer young men with their subjective psychological responses while inhaling 40% nitrous oxide-oxygen mixtures for 20 min in a naturalistic laboratory setting. A rather specific trait-openness to "internal," reverie-type experiences-was very significantly related to a wide variety of drug responses, while several more general traits-including introversion and neuroticism-and openness to nonreverie mental experiences were unrelated to drug response. Prior illicit drug use was related only to mood on nitrous oxide, and not to other effects. Implications of the findings in the field of drug abuse are discussed. PMID- 6629573 TI - Careers with heroin. AB - This report examines heroin use careers within a sample of 147 Black male heroin addicts and their nonaddicted friends. Based on the extent of their heroin use, subjects were classified into the following subgroups: "light" experimenters, "moderate" experimenters, "heavy" experimenters, and addicts. Our findings indicate that no single career line of pattern characterizes all heroin users. While some users quickly progress from initiation to heroin to regular, intermittent use or "chipping" to daily heroin use and physical dependence, others are deflected at various points along the way. In this report we describe some of the sociobehavioral processes or career contingencies associated with movement from one level of heroin use to the next. PMID- 6629576 TI - Stress and drug use. PMID- 6629575 TI - Liver damage, alcohol use, and diagnosis. AB - This study examined the degree of liver damage, reflected by standard laboratory tests, in a group of male veterans in regard to their self-reported histories and diagnosis of alcoholism. Fifty-two percent of the patients were diagnosed as alcoholic. The correlation between liver damage, judged by a physician reviewing the tests, and diagnosis of alcoholism was r =.33. Although liver damage does not develop in some alcoholics, this minimal correlation suggests the need to look for other nutritional and genetic factors that may interact with alcoholism in development of liver damage. PMID- 6629577 TI - Social change in a therapeutic community. AB - The therapeutic community is a widely used method for treating people with difficulties in their interpersonal relationships. The process by which the residents of this type of treatment center grow personally and interpersonally is described. Methods for assessing the manner in which the residents of therapeutic communities change are also discussed. PMID- 6629578 TI - Use of a self-help smoking cessation manual as an adjunct to advice from a respiratory specialist. AB - The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of a self help smoking cessation manual for patients with pulmonary disease. All patients were advised to quit smoking by a respiratory specialist. Thirty-five patients were then provided with a manual detailing techniques for quitting; the remaining 40 patients served as a control and were given no additional information or instruction following advice. The cessation rate in the treatment group was 16.7%; and in the control group, 25.6%. This difference was not statistically significant. Approximately half of the patients who received the manual used it, and only 12.5% of the users found it helpful. It was concluded that providing patients with the specific instructions on quitting smoking as presented in the manual did not appear to be useful. PMID- 6629579 TI - Locus of control and initiation of detoxification among male methadone maintenance patients. AB - Two hypotheses were derived linking locus of control to voluntary, "completion of treatment" detoxification from methadone maintenance: (1) methadone maintenance patients with an internal locus of control will be more likely to indicate a willingness to begin detoxification, and (2) among patients indicating a willingness to begin, those with an internal locus of control would be more likely to actually begin. Subjects were 115 male methadone patients. A nonsignificant trend was found in support of the first hypothesis, while the second was reversed at a statistically significant level (r = -.30, p less than .012). PMID- 6629580 TI - Body image of drug and alcohol abusers. AB - This study attempted to determine whether male and female drug and alcohol abusers evidenced more body image distortions than nonabusers. Body image was measured by magnitude estimations of 22 two-dimensional body parts. Results indicated a differential sex effect for the drug and alcohol abusers: Male abusers manifested body image distortions related to heightened need for control and power; female abusers manifested body image distortions related to feelings of insecurity and inferiority. PMID- 6629581 TI - A contextual analysis of drinking events. AB - Previous studies have related the level of alcohol consumption to several context variables. The present study investigates the relationship between context variables and drinking levels. A household survey of 794 adults in metropolitan Boston found that among men, mean alcohol consumption was significantly higher in bars than in other settings and significantly higher with friends than with spouse and relatives. Among women, drinking location interacted significantly with type of companions. Mean consumption with friends was significantly higher in bars than in other settings. Mean consumption with relatives was significantly lower in home contexts than in other settings. PMID- 6629582 TI - Methadone maintenance treatment: the other side of the coin. AB - The psychopharmacological rationale and clinical effectiveness of the methadone maintenance treatment program was subjected to critical theoretical and methodological analysis. It was concluded (1) that the MMTP constitutes and perpetuates an immature coping mechanism; i.e., "subliminal euphoria"--pervasive pharmacological shielding of addicts from the inevitable discomforts attending adaptation to the real world; (2) that it does not satisfy so-called tissue craving for florid euphoria because most "stabilized" clients actively seek and obtain same from heroin, methadone itself, and/or other potentially euphorogenic drugs; (3) that the source of this craving resides in the addict's personality rather than in his tissues; (4) that official evaluation studies of the MMTP grossly exaggerate its clinical effectiveness; and (5) that the MMTP has inadvertently created incomparably more primary methadone addicts than it has cured heroin addicts. PMID- 6629583 TI - Methadone maintenance in the small community drug abuse clinic. AB - Innovative treatment techniques such as self-regulation of methadone dosage and client knowledge of dosage are not widely accepted by small community methadone maintenance programs. Take-home medication is more generally utilized. This study compares a traditional program approach with a nontraditional approach utilizing self-regulation, client knowledge of dosage, take-home medication, and a nonpunitive staff attitude in a small methadone clinic. Clients were attracted to the nontraditional program at a higher rate and stayed in treatment longer. The nontraditional approach was associated with higher client productivity in work and school. Clients attracted to the nontraditional program used drugs more frequently during treatment. PMID- 6629584 TI - Social ease in drinking situations among college students. AB - The relationship between student comfort in social situations involving drinking and various student characteristics was investigated on two midwestern college campuses. Background variables such as parental drinking and childhood religion were correlated with social ease. Best friends' drinking habits and subjects' reported alcohol consumption rates were also correlated with social ease. The results suggest that early experiences with alcohol influence student ease in drinking-related situations. Present exposure to drinking situations is also suggested as a factor in student ease. Implications for alcohol education programming are discussed. PMID- 6629585 TI - Relationships between inmates' past drug practices and current drug knowledge and attitudes. AB - A questionnaire used in the measurement of past drug practices and current drug knowledge and attitudes was completed by 200 inmates. Data analysis provided an examination of relationships between the variables. Significant positive correlations were recorded between drug knowledge and drug practices, and between drug knowledge and drug attitude scores. However, a significant negative relationship was noted between drug practices and drug attitude scores. Additional findings are presented regarding inmates' demographic characteristics and drug variable measures. Implications are discussed for the development of drug education programs in jails and prisons. PMID- 6629586 TI - Agreement between alcoholics and relatives when reporting follow-up status. AB - Forty-five patients and their relatives were interviewed by telephone regarding their posttreatment status. Questions were asked concerning such areas as drinking, health, employment, family relationships, legal trouble, and AA involvement. In 80% of the cases, there was almost exact agreement between the alcoholic and his relative in all areas. In the remaining cases, the relative described the alcoholic as engaging in excessive drinking and disruptive behavior while the alcoholic denied or minimized these behaviors. The discrepancy between the alcoholic's and the relative's report varied according to area asked about. PMID- 6629587 TI - Ward atmosphere as a factor in irregular discharge from an alcohol rehabilitation unit. AB - A 20-bed alcohol rehabilitation unit with a high patient retention rate had the experience of a sudden increase in irregular discharges. Administration of the Ward Atmosphere Scale developed by Rudolph Moos showed a drop in various therapeutic aspects of the ward environment that paralleled the increase in irregular discharges. These results were discussed with staff, and soon after the number of irregular discharges diminished. The Ward Atmosphere Scale was readministered and showed a move toward a more therapeutic atmosphere. The reasons for these fluctuations are discussed. PMID- 6629588 TI - The dose-response curve in tumor-immunity. PMID- 6629589 TI - Effect of administration schedule on the levan-cyclophosphamide combined treatment of Lewis lung carcinoma. AB - Combined treatment with levan and cyclophosphamide (CY) was applied intratumorally to Lewis lung carcinoma tumors in C57B1 mice on day 5 after tumor cell inoculation. Although on that day levan alone had no effect and CY alone caused only temporary regression of tumors, the combined CY-levan treatment caused 60% cure. Levan given before CY was almost as effective as simultaneous administration of both drugs on day 5. Delaying the administration of levan after CY treatment reduced the therapeutic effect. It is concluded that timing in relation to tumor cell inoculation as well as the order of administration of drugs, determine the degree of therapeutic efficacy. In tumor chemo-immunotherapy the final effect is probably due not only to the anti-tumoral effect per se of each drug, but also to the fact that the two agents have an effect on the immune system. Since the immune response may change during tumor development, the effect of timing of administration of an immunomodulator and certainly to two immunomodulators, can be crucial. PMID- 6629590 TI - Susceptibility of murine lymphoma cells treated with 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazenyl) 1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide to NK-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. AB - Novel drug-mediated tumor antigens (DMTA) have been detected in chemically induced L5178Y lymphoma of DBA/2 origin, following treatment of tumor-bearing hosts with 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazenyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide (DTIC). Studies were conducted on the susceptibility of the DTIC-treated subline, maintained in tissue culture, to NK-mediated cytolysis in vitro. The results of the experiments showed that DTIC-treated lymphoma cells are less susceptible to NK cell lysis than the parental line (i.e. L5178Y); the DTIC-treated lymphoma, maintained in vivo as ascitic form, behaved as the corresponding in vitro line, thus suggesting that NK-resistant phenotype was not dependent upon propagation conditions. The intrinsic susceptibility to cell-mediated lysis of the DTIC treated tumor was unchanged, as demonstrated by lysis produced by alloimmune cytotoxic cells or by natural cytotoxic mesenteric lymph node effectors. "Cold" competition experiments and target binding assay performed with L5178Y/tc and its DTIC-treated subline showed that DTIC-altered cells are less efficient than the parental line as "cold" competitor cells for NK-mediated lysis and bind less efficiently than L5178Y tumor to NK lymphocytes. These data suggested that the NK resistance of the DTIC-treated lymphoma may result from a failure to bind to effector cells, as a consequence of a profound rearrangement of the cell surface produced by DTIC treatment of cancer cells. PMID- 6629591 TI - Monocyte chemotaxis mediated by formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine conjugated with monoclonal antibodies against human ovarian carcinoma. AB - Availability of a chemically defined chemoattractant (fMLP) and of appropriate monoclonal antibodies may permit local manipulation of the inflammatory response to human tumors. fMLP has been conjugated with two monoclonal antibodies (OC125 and OC133) which react with human ovarian carcinomas. Conjugates retained the ability to bind to a human ovarian carcinoma line (OVCA433) judged by indirect immunofluorescence and by radioimmunoassay. The fMLP conjugate was maximally chemotactic for human blood monocytes and human peritoneal macrophages at protein concentrations of 300-900 micrograms/ml. Conjugates stimulated chemotaxis rather than chemokinesis. After incubation with an fMLP-antibody conjugate, antigen positive OVCA433 cells released chemotactic activity and attracted monocytes in vitro, whereas an antigen-negative ovarian cell line failed to do so. As monocytes can be important effectors of antibody dependent cell mediated cytoxicity, fMLP conjugates might increase monocyte concentrations at tumor sites and potentiate serotherapy for certain human neoplasms. PMID- 6629592 TI - The effect of a single dose of cyclophosphamide on the kinetics of antibody production in the guinea pig. AB - Cyclophosphamide (CY) 250 mg/kg was given before, at the same time or after immunization with dinitrophenylated bovine gammaglobulin (DNP47-BGG) in Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA). CY, given on day +3 or +7 strongly suppressed both IgG subclasses. CY, on the day of immunization, reduced the IgG2 but not IgG1 anti DNP antibody synthesis. Carrier BGG, injected 42 days after initial immunization, caused a secondary anti-hapten IgG1 response. This was not altered by CY treatment. The secondary anti-BGG response in animals pretreated with CY was also not affected. However, IgG1 anti-BGG in the other groups given CY on day 0, +3 or +7 was delayed and reduced. IgG2 anti-BGG was suppressed in guinea-pigs treated with CY, 3 or 7 days after primary immunization. DNP-BGG-specific IgE serum antibodies, not detectable in CY untreated animals, were found in guinea pigs given CY on days 0, +3 or +7. It is suggested that the kinetics of the IgG1 and IgG2 primary immune response differ, as does the development of IgG1 and IgG2 specific immunological memory. PMID- 6629593 TI - Oral administration of the methanol extraction residue of BCG (MER/BCG): a phase I study in non-oat cell lung cancer patients. AB - Intradermal, interlesional and intravenous MER/BCG have been reported to possess immunostimulatory properties and combined with chemo-radiotherapy an anti neoplastic effect. Due to local and systemic side effects of the methanol extraction residue of BCG therapy a new approach to oral administration was investigated. Seventeen patients with inoperable non-oat cell lung cancer were given oral MER for 30 days. Skin tests to 5 recall antigens and various concentrations of MER, lymphocyte stimulation by PHA were done before and repeated during therapy. The initial group of patients received a dose of 1.25 mg per day and when no side effects were detected the dose was gradually escalated in subsequent groups of patients up to 5 mg. Oral MER was well tolerated even at the higher dose with no clinical or laboratory side effects. No regression in tumor size was seen. In 6 of 17 patients the disease remained stationary for a mean of 6 months (Range 6-14 months). In the remainder, disease progressed after a mean of 15 weeks. Two patients had cutaneous PPD reactivity converted from negative to positive, in one it became negative, while the remaining patients maintained their original responsiveness. No major changes could be observed in the in vivo immune tests performed following the course of treatment. In view of the reported relative efficacy of oral BCG administration, and considering the very low toxicity with oral MER, further studies employing considerably higher doses of this nonviable vaccine are now justified. PMID- 6629594 TI - The immunomodulatory activity of the plant proteins Momordica charantia inhibitor and pokeweed antiviral protein. AB - The immunological activity of Momordica Charantia inhibitor (MCI) and of Pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP-S), 30,000 daltons plant proteins possessing close similarity to Ricin A chain as inhibitor of protein synthesis, was investigated in mice. In vivo, single nontoxic injections of microgram amount of these substances delayed H2-incompatible skin allograft rejection, splenocyte responsiveness to ConA and PHA, but not to LPS, and abrogated the PFC response to a T-dependent (SRBC) antigen while totally sparing that to a T-independent (S III) stimulus. Injection of these substances could also reduce NK cell activity while increasing macrophage-mediated spontaneous cytotoxicity. In vitro, MCI and PAP-S at non-cytotoxic concentrations inhibited lymphoid cell responsiveness to PHA and ConA, but not to LPS, and markedly enhanced macrophage-dependent cytotoxicity. PMID- 6629595 TI - Inhibitory factors derived from human tumors: isolation of factors which suppress macrophage mediated cytotoxicity. AB - Previously, we had demonstrated that plasma inhibitory factors obtained from colon cancer patients suppressed macrophage mediated cytotoxicity. When this inhibitor was further purified, four fractions (A, B, C and D) with inhibitory activity were isolated. In this study, it was found that these four purified inhibitory factors also dramatically decreased the extent of macrophage mediated cytotoxicity induced by LPS when added during the activation phase of the assay. When the secretions from a variety of fresh tumors as well as several established tumor cell lines were purified utilizing immunoadsorbent techniques, those same inhibitory factors were recovered. It was found that 8 of the 11 secretions obtained from a variety of fresh tumors and established tumor cell lines secreted inhibitor A; 6 secreted inhibitor B and 5 secreted inhibitor C. (The presence of inhibitor D was not studied.) Furthermore, one of the 11 tumors studied secreted none of these inhibitory factors. These findings lend support to the theory that these inhibitory factors which are initially produced by the tumor and subsequently shed into the sera ultimately lead to in vivo suppression of macrophage mediated cytotoxicity. PMID- 6629596 TI - Remission of rheumatoid arthritis and other disorders of immunity in patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors. AB - Elevated levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) play an important role in rheumatoid arthritis and other disorders of immunity. By inhibiting the release of arachidonic acid from cells, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI's) inhibit PGE2 synthesis. MAOI's appear to be capable of remitting the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and may have the potential to arrest it. MAOI's also appear to be effective in other disturbances of immunity in which excessive synthesis of PGE2 plays a role. PMID- 6629597 TI - Augmentation of human monocyte chemiluminescence by iron-saturated lactoferrin. AB - The effect of Fe3+ bound lactoferrin (LF) on chemiluminescence (CL) generation in human monocytes in the presence and absence of opsonized zymosan was examined. Fe3+ bound LF (10(-6) or 10(-7) M) augmented the CL response in the presence but not the absence of zymosan. In contrast, Apo LF, Fe3+ bound transferrin and Fe3+ itself had no significant effect. It appears that the effect of LF on zymosan induced chemiluminescence is dependent on iron and is receptor specific. The augmentation of CL by LF was inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ETYA (fatty acid cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitor), but not indomethacin (fatty acid cyclooxygenase inhibitor). Thus the enhancement of CL by LF depends on superoxide anion production and is related to the lipoxygenase pathway. The significance of this observation in terms of microbicidal or tumoricidal mechanisms remains to be determined. PMID- 6629598 TI - Diving bradycardia is not correlated to the oculocardiac reflex. AB - Both facial immersion in cold water and pressure on the eyeball cause reflex bradycardia. These reflexes are called diving reflex and oculocardiac reflex, respectively. The latter is sometimes used in diving medicine to estimate the risk of severe diving bradycardia. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of both reflexes on heart rate in 15 subjects. All subjects performed four tests: (1) breath-holding (2) breath-holding and facial immersion in water of 10 degrees, 15 degrees, and 20 degrees C; (3) facial immersion in water and snorkeling; (4) application of pressure of 30, 50, and 70 mmHg on the eyeball. In seven subjects an additional test was done: (5) eyeball pressures during breath holding. It was shown that the intensity of the oculocardiac reflex is not a good indication of the bradycardia that can be expected during diving. It is proposed that breath-holding with facial immersion in water of 20 degrees C or colder during at least 10 s is a more appropriate test to assess the possibility of severe diving bradycardia and cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 6629599 TI - Myofibrillar damage following intense eccentric exercise in man. AB - Muscle soreness that has a delayed onset is a common feature among both athletes and untrained individuals who engage in unusual exercises. This study was designed to provide additional morphological data to assess the relevance and significance of our previous findings that the sore muscles contain fibers with disorganized myofibrillar material. Muscle biopsies were obtained from 12 males (mean age 25 +/- 7 years), who suffered from severe soreness in their thigh muscles 18--72 h following eccentric bicycle exercise. Their strength performance were tested in parallel. Knee extensor strength was decreased at all angular velocities soon after exercise but gradually increased over the subsequent days although slower at the fastest contractions. Disturbances of the cross-striated band pattern were constantly observed. They originated from the myofibrillar Z band, which showed marked streaming, broadening and, at places, total disruption. The disturbances were found in every second to every third fiber up to 3 days after exercise and in one tenth of the fibers 6 days following the exercise. Type 2 fibers were predominantly affected. Thus, the eccentric exercise gives rise to muscles soreness and influences, on mechanical basis and selectively with regard to fiber type, the fine structure of the contractile apparatus. PMID- 6629600 TI - Adaptive response in human skeletal muscle subjected to prolonged eccentric training. AB - The peripheral adaptation process associated with repeating eccentric training over a longer period of time was studied in m. vastus lateralis of eleven healthy males aged 24 +/- 4 years. The maximal dynamic concentric muscle strength was only slightly improved after 8 weeks of training. However, eccentric work capacity was dramatically increased (375%). A maximal eccentric stint immediately after fulfilled 8 weeks of training caused a selective glycogen depletion from the type 28 fibers. An increased number of type 2C fibers was observed. The ultrastructure analysis showed an essentially well-preserved fine structure. Volume density of mitochondria was somewhat higher in all fiber types after training. Z-band widths were not affected by eccentric training. It is concluded that skeletal musculature adapts itself in a functional manner to the extreme tension demands put on them. Improved coordination and reorganization of the contractile apparatus of muscle fibers are the determining mechanisms of this adaptation. PMID- 6629601 TI - Prior exhaustive exercise and subsequent, maximal constant load exercise performance. AB - The effect of an elevated blood lactate concentration on maximal constant load exercise performance (MCLE) was studied in nine males. Two experimental sessions followed a continuous VO2max test, each consisting of an initial work bout at approximately 110% VO2max, a 20 min recovery, and a second maximal performance test. Blood lactate concentrations reached approximately 10 mM following the initial work bout and were altered prior to the second bout by one of two recovery patterns: 1) active recovery (AR)--pedaling at 40% VO2max or 2) passive recovery (PR)--sitting quietly. Performance time, total pedal revolutions, metabolic parameters, and heart rate (HR) were measured during each work bout. Despite significant differences in blood lactate concentration, there were no differences in work output among the performance tests (either between conditions or from pre- to post-recovery); there was a low correlation (r = 0.08) between pre-existing blood lactate concentration and work output on a subsequent maximal constant load exercise test. It was concluded that elevated blood lactate concentration does not affect maximal constant load exercise performance. PMID- 6629602 TI - Maximal aerobic capacity of Canadian schoolchildren: prediction based on age related oxygen cost of running. AB - Timed distance runs were administered to a random sample of 2,683 schoolchildren aged 7--16 years. Oxygen uptake was then measured during level treadmill running over a range of submaximal speeds in a randomly selected subsample of 134 children with approximately equal representation according to age and sex. The VO2--running speed relationship was found to be related to age with the younger children having a greater VO2 per kg body weight than the older children when running at the same absolute speed. Based on the relationship found between measured VO2max and VO2max predicted according to field test performance, corrected for age-related differences in running efficiency, VO2max was predicted for all 2,683 children. When expressed per kg of body weight, VO2max was highest in girls at age 11 (approximately 44 ml/kg) and in boys at age 14 (approximately 54 ml/kg); however, differences among ages were nonsignificant. At all ages VO2max for the boys was significantly higher than that for the girls. At all ages, values were higher than those previously reported for Canadian schoolchildren. PMID- 6629603 TI - Genital warts. PMID- 6629604 TI - Actinic prurigo. PMID- 6629605 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus and diffuse soft tissue calcifications. AB - A 26-year-old white woman developed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and extensive soft tissue calcification. Striking features of this patient related to severe complication of corticosteroids, including proximal muscle weakness and multiple areas of avascular necrosis. In addition to localized areas of erythematosus induration, the patient demonstrated yellowish papules on her legs. Biopsies of the former showed thickening of the dermis with extensive collagen deposition and focal deposits of calcium. The latter revealed eosinophilic degeneration of the subcutaneous fat. PMID- 6629606 TI - Incontinentia pigmenti in Nigerians. AB - Three cases of incontinentia pigmenti were seen among Nigerian children who had had previously unreported occurrences of non-development of Broca's speech area, signs suggestive of heterozygote albinism. PMID- 6629607 TI - Pseudoscleroderma and phenylketonuria. AB - An infant girl with partial phenylketonuria developed pseudoscleroderma. After six years of follow up, both the neurologic and cutaneous conditions improved under a phenylalanine restricted diet. The probable roles of phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and their metabolites may cause both conditions through possible transient hypersensitivity of cutaneous and muscular tissues. PMID- 6629608 TI - Lamellar ichthyosis in a recluse. PMID- 6629609 TI - Nevus lipomatosus cutaneous superficialis. PMID- 6629610 TI - Sudoriparous angioma. PMID- 6629611 TI - Lemon juice, sunlight, and tattoos. AB - In folklore, tattoos are thought to fade if rubbed with lemon juice and exposed to sunlight. The authors tested this hypothesis on shaved, tattooed rats. Tattooed controls were used. Additional substances and conditions were included in the study (tretinoin gel, liquid nitrogen, and dermabrasion). The authors conclude that India ink tattoos do not fade significantly with sunlight and lemon juice nor with the application of tretinoin gel, liquid nitrogen, or combinations thereof. PMID- 6629612 TI - The use of podophyllin in the treatment of keratoacanthoma. AB - Keratoacanthoma can be treated successfully with podophyllin, which has been used in cutaneous tumors for well over a century and has been in use for a much longer time. Podophyllin is useful alone, with cautery and curettage, or with radiotherapy. PMID- 6629613 TI - Measles and models. PMID- 6629614 TI - Epidemiology of heat illnesses during the Makkah Pilgrimages in Saudi Arabia. AB - A review of the literature shows that our knowledge of the epidemiology of heat illnesses on a global and regional level is still lacking. Until now most of the information has come from the experience of European armies in hot environments. Recently increased interest has been shown following the epidemics of heat illnesses affecting civil communities in the United States. Of great importance and unique for the study of heat illness is the start of the hot cycle of the Makkah Pilgrimage which will continue for the next 15-16 years. Approximately two million people, the majority of whom are at great risk, will be exposed to the extremes of hot weather in May-September. Thousands of heat stroke cases are expected to occur. In this paper the conditions prevailing during the annual Makkah Pilgrimage are described as well as a review of the epidemiological and clinical findings observed by the author during the pilgrimages of 1980/81 when 176 cases and 467 cases of Heat Stroke were seen and treated respectively and a new physiological method of treatment of heat stroke which proved very successful in clinical field trials was introduced. PMID- 6629615 TI - The role of the statistician. PMID- 6629616 TI - Gastrointestinal cancer mortality in New Jersey counties, and the relationship with environmental variables. AB - The State of New Jersey (NJ) USA has been thought to have an unusually high cancer mortality rate; this assumption has been based on 1950-1969 mortality data for its 21 counties. This paper presents an analysis of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer mortality rates in New Jersey counties during 1968-1977, a comparison with the 1950-1969 rates, and associations between current GI cancer mortality rates and selected environmental variables. Age-adjusted mortality rates for GI cancers were calculated for the 21 NJ counties during the period 1968-1977, and were compared with the period 1950-1969, with the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) survey and with cancer mortality in the US, 1973-1977. The county rates were also correlated with: the distribution of chemical toxic waste disposal sites; annual per capita income; the rates of low birth weight, birth defects, and infant mortality; chemical industry distribution; percentage of the population employed in chemical industries; the density of population; and the urbanization index for each of the counties. Some of the major findings are: Age adjusted GI cancer mortality rates (all sites combined) were higher than national rates in 20 of 21 NJ counties. In comparison with national trends, NJ stomach cancer rates have declined less, oesophageal cancer rates have declined more, and pancreatic cancer mortality rates have followed similar patterns. Cancer mortality rates in NJ during the period 1968-1977 significantly (p less than 0.0001) exceeded national rates for cancer of the oesophagus (white male, non white male), stomach (men and women), colon (white male, white female, non-white female), and rectum (whites only). In 18 of the 21 NJ counties, the observed number of cancer deaths for at least one GI cancer site was significantly greater than expected at the 0.0001 level for at least one population subgroup. Among white men, a significant (p less than 0.0001) excess of observed over expected cancer deaths was observed for three or more GI cancer sites in seven counties. The environmental variables that were most frequently associated with GI cancer mortality rates (except pancreatic cancer) were degree of urbanization, population density, and chemical toxic waste disposal sites. Some of the implications of the study findings are discussed and recommendations made for future investigations. PMID- 6629617 TI - Occupation and smoking as risk determinants of lung cancer. AB - The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of lung cancer was determined for different occupational groups in Finland. The data on all cases of lung cancer diagnosed in Finland in age groups of 35-69 years in 1971-1975 were supplemented by information on occupation from the 1970 census (Central Statistical Office). The expected numbers of cases were based on the sex, age and occupation-specific numbers of person-years computed in the Central Statistical Office, and sex- and age-specific incidence rates of lung cancer among the economically active population (as defined 1 January 1971). Compared with the risk of the total economically active population, the relative risk of those not active (SIR) was 1.69 for men and 0.86 for women. Lower than expected relative risks were encountered among highly educated and white-collar male workers (religious, legal, pedagogical, medical, technical and administrative work), in sales work, transport service work and among farmers. High SIRs were found in mining and quarrying, forestry, woodworking (joiners), construction, painting and among unskilled workers. Among women the numbers of cases were small and only one significant SIR was obtained; the risk was lower than expected in farming. Data on the smoking habits of males in different main occupational categories in Finland show that variation between different occupational groups in the prevalence of smoking closely corresponds to that in the SIR for lung cancer (R = 0.96). PMID- 6629618 TI - A prospective cohort study of oral contraceptives and cancer of the endometrium. AB - A prospective cohort study of approximately 97 300 women was conducted in eastern Massachusetts. Information on use of oral contraceptives, and on gynaecological and reproductive histories was sought through mailed questionnaires, while newly diagnosed cases of cancer of the endometrium were identified from records of 34 area hospitals. Oral contraceptive (OC) use was associated with some increase in endometrial cancer rates (standardized rate ratio = 1.4; 95% confidence interval = 0.9-2.4), although the risk did not vary consistently by length of use, years since first use, or age at initial use. Although some subgroups of users had rates of disease higher than among nonusers, there was little to suggest a consistent association between OC use and incidence of endometrial cancer. PMID- 6629619 TI - Coronary risk factors and excess mortality from all causes and specific causes. AB - Data from two Italian rural cohorts of the Seven Countries Study are used to examine the relationship between level at entry to the study of some coronary risk factors and subsequent mortality. The target follow-up period of 15 years after entry to the study is complete. Causes of death are classified according to standard criteria and age-adjusted rates are calculated. The analysis shows that blood pressure and smoking are risk factors that explain a substantial amount of total mortality, whereas serum cholesterol seems to be a specific risk factor for coronary mortality. The excess risks of death attributable to blood pressure, smoking, serum cholesterol and also the estimated risk of death are reported. PMID- 6629620 TI - An investigation of the effects of daily physical activity on the health of primary school students in South Australia. AB - Studies of the health effects of a daily physical activity programme have been carried out in 10-year-old school children in Adelaide, South Australia. In the first phase (1978) observations on endurance fitness, four skin folds, blood pressure and blood lipids were made before and after a randomized trial over a period of 14 weeks. Comparisons were made on over 500 children drawn from classes in seven Primary schools involved in an endurance fitness programme (1 1/4 hours per day), a skill programme and the previous physical education programme (controls). The fitness group experienced significant gains in physical work capacity (PWC) and showed significant decreases in body fat compared to the other two groups. No significant differences were observed in plasma cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol. Subsequently in the second phase (1980) observations were made on a group of 216 10-year-old children who had already experienced two years of the physical activity programme adopted after phase one. Comparison with the observations in the 10-year-old children in 1978 made prior to the intervention revealed significantly smaller skin folds and greater PWC, with lower blood pressure reaching statistical significance for diastolic pressure in boys. The findings suggest beneficial effects on health of daily physical activity programmes within existing primary school curricula. There was no evidence of any loss of academic performance as measured by arithmetic and reading tests in spite of 45-60 minutes' loss of formal teaching time each day. PMID- 6629621 TI - Seasonal distribution of births in Australia. AB - Seasonal variations of births in Australia from 1911 to 1940 and 1962 to 1979 are analysed using stepwise periodic regression analysis. It is shown that the seasonality pattern has changed significantly from a September peak in the early 1960s to a February-March peak in the late 1970s. There also appears to be a significant geographical trend in seasonality of births with a February-March peak in the more northern States of Australia giving way to a September-October peak in the southernmost States. The seasonality of Australian births in 1976 to 1979 is shown to be independent of legitimacy and birth order but dependent on maternal age. The evidence suggests that environmental factors play a more important role than sociocultural factors in the causation of seasonal variations in births. PMID- 6629622 TI - Measles in England and Wales--III: Assessing published predictions of the impact of vaccination on incidence. AB - Published predictions of the impact which different levels of vaccination should have on measles incidence are discussed in the context of observed data on vaccine uptake and measles incidence in England and Wales. Discrepancies are noted between prediction and observation with regard to the effect of vaccination on epidemic periodicity, epidemic size, age distribution of cases, and the disappearance of measles from communities. These errors are attributable to failures to recognize the implications of seasonal trends in incidence, age dependence of risk, and the non-homogeneity of human populations. Predictive models are useful hypotheses, but should be assessed critically against observation. PMID- 6629623 TI - The optimal age for vaccination against measles in an Asiatic city, Taipei, Taiwan: reduction of vaccine induced titre by residual transplacental antibody. AB - Children vaccinated when aged between six and thirteen months against measles in Taipei showed a high frequency of response, similar to that reported from Nairobi, Kenya and contrasting with analogous data for the USA. The age for optimal protection against measles mortality by a single dose of vaccine in this group of children is nine months. Maternal antibody exerted a negative effect on measles antibody titre in vaccinees beyond the age at which it blocked the response so that the infants of mothers with the higher titres themselves had lower titres. A separate effect of immunological immaturity on titre of the response could not be demonstrated in children over six months of age. PMID- 6629624 TI - Excess deaths attributable to influenza in England and Wales: age at death and certified cause. AB - The multiple regression statistical method has already been used to estimate excess deaths attributable to influenza in England and Wales by winter period. Now we report further studies of deaths by age group and certified cause of death. During the ten winters since the influenza A/Hong Kong (H3N2) virus first arrived (1968/69 to 1977/78) there have been about 120,000 excess deaths. Of these about 82% were estimated to be in those aged 65+ years, 17% in the 40-64 year age group and 1% in younger adults. Sixty-seven per cent were certified as due to respiratory disease and 31% due to circulatory system disease. Respiratory deaths increased in all age groups during an epidemic, but of the deaths certified as due to circulatory disease, cerebrovascular deaths were mostly in the 65+ age group and ischaemic heart disease deaths in the 40-64 year age group. In this 40-64 year age group there was evidence that the effects of cold weather and epidemic influenza were multiplicative rather than additive. During the worst influenza winter of 1969/70 respiratory deaths increased by approximately 55% and circulatory system deaths by 4%. Deaths in the elderly increased by 10%, in those aged 40-60 years by 8% and in younger adults by 4%. There was no evidence that excess deaths are followed by a deficit during the following year. PMID- 6629625 TI - Influenza surveillance in the Pacific Northwest 1976-1980. AB - Between June 1976 and June 1980 active year-round surveillance for influenza was carried out in Seattle in order to establish an early warning system. This report compares yield by different community groups and age. Waves of influenza virus infection appearing in three successive springs were followed in each instance by epidemics with the same subtype virus(es) in the following winter. These included two co-circulating A/H3N2 variants (A/Victoria/75 and A/Texas/77) in spring 1977 and winter 1977-1978, A/H1N1 (A/USSR) in spring 1978 and H1N1 (A/Brazil) winter 1978-1979, and type B influenza in spring 1979 and winter 1979-1980. Despite intensive surveillance through the summer and fall, the first isolate was not obtained until early December each year. Young adults (18-30) were as good sources for influenza viruses as children (less than 18). PMID- 6629626 TI - Measuring the impact of water supply and sanitation investments on diarrhoeal diseases: problems of methodology. AB - A review of the published literature on the impact of water supply and/or excreta disposal facilities on diarrhoeal diseases, or on infections related to diarrhoea, reveals several methodological problems that hamper the drawing of definitive conclusions from these studies. This paper examines eight of these methodological problems: lack of adequate control, the one to one comparison, confounding variables, health indicator recall, health indicator definition, failure to analyse by age, failure to record usage, and the seasonality of impact variables. It is suggested that an evaluation of the impact on health of environmental interventions may best be undertaken by the combined efforts of engineers, social scientists and epidemiologists in 'opportunistic' settings and that the intervening behavioural processes so necessary for health impact to occur should be a primary focus of such evaluations. PMID- 6629627 TI - Trends in circulatory disease mortality in Western populations--evidence of similarities in the pattern of measles epidemics. AB - Trends in the death rates from all forms of cardiovascular disease as a group are compared with those for other diseases. A comparison with morbidity trends for notified infectious diseases, mainly in the postwar period suggested the possibility of a temporal association with measles incidence alone. Trends for a minimum of 20 years in the postwar period in Western populations which have records on measles incidence available from the 1950s indicate varying degrees of similarity with changes in cardiovascular mortality among adults. The association seems unlikely to be entirely explicable by effects of climatic variation but may have arisen from a combination of changing conditions. Alternatively, measles and cardiovascular mortality may be linked through damage resulting from viral contamination and immune reactions in the blood. PMID- 6629628 TI - Hypertension in Indian rural adults. PMID- 6629630 TI - Broadening the scope of clinical epidemiology. PMID- 6629629 TI - Barbiturates, benzodiazepines and lung cancer. PMID- 6629631 TI - Ultrastructural study of minute uterine leiomyomas. AB - Minute uterine leiomyomas, less than 3 mm in diameter, were studied by electron microscopy. In five of 15 cases, morphologically different types of smooth muscle cell were identified. In the central region of leiomyomas, most myoma cells were characterized by filaments sporadically located in the cytoplasm and well developed organelles. These cells were interpreted as immature smooth muscle cells. In the outer layer of nodules, the cells were a more mature form of smooth muscle cell and resembled normal myometrial cells. The differences suggest that differentiation of the smooth muscle cells occurs early in the growth of uterine leiomyoma. PMID- 6629632 TI - Malacoplakia of the cervix and corpus uteri: a light microscopic, electron microscopic, and X-ray microprobe analysis of a case. AB - Malacoplakia in the female genital tract is rare. A case of a 71-year-old woman with malacoplakia of the cervical mucosa and endometrium is described. By light microscopy, von Hansemann cells containing calcified bodies (Michaelis-Gutmann bodies) could be visualized. Similar formations could also be seen extracellularly. Typical Michaelis-Gutmann bodies with electron-dense areas, as well as with pale centers and a dark periphery, could be identified by electron microscopy. Occasional trilaminar bacteria were seen. X-ray microanalysis indicated the presence of silica, sulfur, chloride, calcium, magnesium, and iron. Malacoplakia in this region may cause diagnostic problems for the pathologist, but the presence of a monotonous tumor-like infiltrate of pale histiocytes should lead to a careful search for Michaelis-Gutmann bodies. PMID- 6629633 TI - Decidua and squamous metaplasia in abdominopelvic lymph nodes. AB - We describe two variants of benign para-aortic lymph nodal inclusions that mimic squamous cell carcinoma. The first, a decidual reaction, occurred in a 27-year old pregnant woman with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. The second, a squamous metaplasia of ectopic mullerian-type glands, was present in a 63-year old woman with squamous cell carcinoma of the anus. Intranodal decidua has been described, but squamous metaplasia of glandular inclusions has not been previously reported. Mullerian-type nodal inclusions are reviewed, and histologic features distinguishing decidua and squamous metaplasia from carcinoma are discussed. PMID- 6629634 TI - Psammoma bodies in papillary adenocarcinoma of the endocervix. AB - Psammoma bodies have never previously been noted in conjunction with cervical cancer. This paper presents a case of endocervical adenocarcinoma with psammoma bodies. Malignant and benign lesions which have previously been associated with psammoma bodies are reviewed. The proposed mechanisms of psammoma body formation are considered. The appropriate action upon finding psammoma bodies on cervicovaginal cytology is discussed. PMID- 6629635 TI - Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata. PMID- 6629636 TI - Condylomata acuminata of the cervix: histopathology and association with cervical neoplasia. PMID- 6629637 TI - Fenfluramine in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetics: hypoglycemic versus anorectic effect. AB - A few studies have suggested that the anorectic drug fenfluramine has a hypoglycemic effect. The major problem in interpreting those studies, however, is the difficulty in dissociating the effect of weight loss on blood glucose from the direct effect of fenfluramine. In a double-blind study of 28 diabetic females treated with oral hypoglycemic agents, a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose (from 195 +/- 17 mg/dl to 152 +/- 15 mg/dl after four weeks, and to 155 +/- 14 mg/dl after eight weeks) was observed in fenfluramine-treated patients (n = 14). Corresponding values in the placebo group were 185 +/- 12 mg/dl and 201 +/ 16 mg/dl respectively. Glucose tolerance after a standard meal was also improved after fenfluramine treatment. Weight loss was minimal and not significantly different for the two groups. From these observations, it can be concluded that fenfluramine has a lowering effect on blood glucose which is independent of its effect on weight. PMID- 6629638 TI - Effect of deprivation on the grocery shopping behavior of obese and nonobese consumers. AB - The universal Product Code (UPC) checkout system was used to determine the type of unplanned purchases made by obese and nonobese in a supermarket under various levels of deprivation. The results show that deprivation differently affects the saliency of food-related cues for obese and nonobese. Obese individuals purchased more unplanned items when not deprived than when deprived. Moreover, the majority of the unplanned purchases were items that were on an end aisle or point-of purchase display. The results are discussed in terms of previous research that have demonstrated that the obese and nonobese interpret and respond differently to internal and external cues of hunger. PMID- 6629639 TI - Absence of cardiac arrhythmias during a very-low-calorie diet with high biological quality protein. AB - Fourteen women who were at least 50 lb (22.7 kg) overweight entered the 15 week study which included 4 weeks of 1200 cal (5028 J) balanced diet followed by 7 weeks on a very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) and 4 weeks of refeeding. During the VLCD high biological quality protein (poultry, fish) and recommended supplements of vitamins, minerals and water were used. With the exception of week 5 and 14, 25-h Holter monitorings were done weekly. During the initial 4 weeks, 2 patients showed disturbances of cardiac rhythm and were discharged from the study. Twelve patients completed the trial without any clinically significant changes in cardiac rhythm. The 12 lead ECGs remained normal in all patients throughout the study. The average weight loss was 46 lb (20.9 kg) and the whole program was well tolerated. It is concluded that seven weeks of VLCD with high biological quality protein and recommended supplements appears to be a safe method for weight reduction for severely obese patients. PMID- 6629640 TI - Body image perception of children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders. AB - Interviews with 75 adolescents and children in a South Florida psychiatric hospital showed that patients expressed significantly less dissatisfaction with both height and weight than a group of 565 adolescents from the same geographical area. The dissatisfaction expressed by patients was more like that of a sub-group of the students with comparable ethnic characteristics. Patients reported that significant others concurred with their own judgements of body size. One half of patients who were judged by the researcher to be of normal weight wanted to be thinner. The recommendation is made that patients need help with body image perception and management because of the high percentage of dissatisfaction (85 per cent) even though hospitalization for psychiatric disorders does not appear to increase body-image problems. PMID- 6629641 TI - Body composition and the expiratory reserve volume in lean and obese men and women. AB - The expiratory reserve volume (ERV) of the lungs was determined in 40 women and 34 men over a wide range of age (18-58 years) and percent body fat (3.6-48.6 percent). A negative correlation with percent body fat resulted when the ERV values were expressed as a percent of the vital capacities (ERV/VC . 100). The regression equations were: for women, ERV/VC . 100 = 49.5 -0.63 %F, r = -0.70, SEE = 7.77; for men, ERV/VC . 100 = 48.7 -0.80 %F, r = -0.78, SEE = 6.05. No significant correlation with age or height was found for either sex. PMID- 6629642 TI - A metabolic ward study of a high protein, very-low-energy diet. AB - Seven obese women were placed on a liquid formula diet providing 560 kcal (2.4 MJ) and 70 g protein daily and studied under metabolic ward conditions for four weeks. The diet was well tolerated and hunger sensations were minimal. Mean weight loss was 10.47 kg for the four weeks. A positive nitrogen balance was achieved within two weeks in most patients, but despite this serum prealbumin levels fell as did the excretion of 3-methylhistidine in the urine. Plasma beta hydroxybutyrate and urate levels rose during the first two weeks but remained constant thereafter. The characteristic decrease in plasma triiodothyronine levels and increase in reverse triiodothyronine levels seen with fasting and other very-low-calorie diets were also observed with this diet. Potassium losses were minimal and no changes in electrocardiograms were seen. This diet would appear to be an acceptable, effective and safe means of achieving rapid weight loss in obesity. PMID- 6629643 TI - The relationships of age, sex, ethnicity, and weight to stereotypes of obesity and self perception. AB - In order to assess the relationships of stereotypes of obesity and of self perceptions to age, sex, ethnicity and weight, 447 adults and children varying in sex, ethnic background and weight rated 12 line drawings of people who varied in age, sex and weight, as well as giving self ratings on similar scales. The normal weight stimuli, compared with the fat oe thin ones, were more wanted as friends and were seen as happier, having more friends, being smarter, and better looking but less lonely and mean. The thin stimulus figures were seen as having more friends, being better looking, smarter and meaner than the fat ones. These trends held for both the sexes, all ages, all ethnic groups, and children of all weights. Names or nicknames assigned to the stimuli also reflected stereotypes: Fat nicknames were given primarily to the fat stimuli; Thin and Height-related ones were given to the thin stimuli; and the average stimuli received more Neutral/Normal and Clearly Positive and fewer Other/Ambiguous and Clearly Negative names. Self evaluations suggested that fifth graders and American Indians were lowest in self concept on some scales, consistent with other research. Overweight subjects were generally similar to average and underweight ones in self ratings, contrary to expectation. Apparently these subjects did not perceive themselves as negatively as previous research and their ratings of the obese stimuli might have caused us to expect. PMID- 6629644 TI - The adipocyte and obesity: cellular and molecular mechanisms. Abstracts from an international conference, University of Toronto, 28 and 29 June, 1982. PMID- 6629646 TI - Statine and its derivatives. Conformational studies using nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry and energy calculations. AB - The conformations of derivatives of 3(S)-hydroxy-4(s)-amino-6-methylheptanoic acid (statine) and its analogs have been studied by n.m.r. in chloroform and in dimethyl sulfoxide, and by molecular mechanics calculations. The data obtained from these studies indicate that: 1) the coupling constant between NH and C4H is large, suggesting that the dihedral angle (theta) is near 165 degrees or 0 degree; 2) the coupling constant between C4H-C3H is small, indicating a vicinal bond angle of approximately 90 degrees; 3) the hydrogen deuterium exchange rate of statine amide protons is slow; however, the rate is dependent upon the electron withdrawing substituents adjacent to the amide NH's; 4) intramolecular hydrogen bonds involving the NH of the statine amide group do not stabilize conformations of single amino acid derivatives. Based on the n.m.r. results, four possible conformations of Boc-statine-OMe in solution are possible. MM1 calculations indicate one conformation is especially likely. PMID- 6629645 TI - Conjugates of catecholamines. III. Synthesis and characterization of monodisperse oligopeptides conjugates related to isoproterenol. AB - A series of monodisperse oligopeptide conjugates related to the catecholamine, isoproterenol, has been synthesized. The peptide carrier molecules used were synthesized by stepwise and fragment condensation techniques and ranged in size from a single, blocked amino acid derivative to isomeric pentapeptides. The amino acid compositions and sequences of the carriers were chosen so as to provide specific information concerning the effects of molecular weight, hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance, charge, etc., on the biological activity of the final conjugates. The common point of attachment for the drug in all carriers was a p-aminophenylalanine residue. The peptide-catecholamine conjugates were prepared via the attachment of carboxyl-containing catecholamine congeners, to the peptide carriers by techniques described previously. The conjugates were purified rigorously by chromatographic techniques and characterized by high-field n.m.r. spectroscopy. PMID- 6629647 TI - CD-resolved secondary structure of bovine plasma albumin in acid-induced isomerization. AB - Bovine plasma albumin (BPA) showed the acid-induced two-step transition, the N-F transition and acid-expansion. Changes in fractions of alpha-helix (f alpha), beta-form (f beta) and unordered form (fR) in the acid-induced isomerization of BPA were studied using the method of Chen et al. (1972) with two constraints: sigma fi = 1, 0 less than or equal to fi less than or equal to 1. pH-profiles of f alpha and fR showed the two-step change, one corresponding to the N-F transition and the other to the acid-expansion in 0.10 M KCl and in 0.02 M NaClO4. pH-profile of f beta showed one-step change, correlating to the later part (lower pH side) of the N-F transition. The N-F transition might thus involve the helix leads to beta and helix leads to coil transitions. PMID- 6629648 TI - Effect of amino acids, peptides and related compounds on the autooxidation of ascorbic acid. AB - The autooxidation rate of ascorbic acid (AA) at 10(-5) M under aerobic conditions at pH 7.4 was found to be 1.16 mumol/min/l. A number of compounds at low concentrations were found to inhibit this oxidation rate. These were in order of effectiveness: EDTA (10(-6) M) greater than Mercaptoethanol greater than aminoethyl cysteine, oxidized glutathione greater than glycylglycylhistidine greater than glycylhistidyllysine greater than 3-methyl histidine approximately histidine greater than histamine greater than hypertensin greater than cysteic acid greater than imidazole greater than glutamine greater than hydroxyproline, and lysine. All other amino acids and peptides examined had little or no effect on the autooxidation rate of ascorbic acid. Ascorbate solutions, treated with Chelex-100 (divalent chelating resin) or containing low concentrations of EDTA (10(-7) M) did not show a significant reduction of the rate of autooxidation. Of particular interest was the finding that 3-methyl histidine had a significant inhibitory effect on ascorbic acid oxidation whereas 1-methyl histidine had no effect. These data suggest that ascorbic acid forms complexes with certain compounds and that this interaction stabilizes ascorbic acid against auto oxidation. PMID- 6629649 TI - Geometrical parameters and shape anisotropy in globular proteins. AB - The anisotropy in the shape of globular proteins is derived by a comparative analysis of three types of geometrical parameters. The role of secondary structures in the design of the shape of globular proteins is worked out. PMID- 6629650 TI - Synthesis of a cyclic fibrin-like peptide and its analysis by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. AB - For immunochemical purposes, a cyclic 12-peptide was synthesized to model the gamma-gamma-chain cross-link site in human fibrin. The model was based upon the structure proposed by Chen & Doolittle (Biochemistry (1971) 10, 4486-4491) which is characterized by two reciprocating epsilon-(gamma-Glu)Lys bonds between adjacent fibrin gamma-chains oriented in an antiparallel manner. To achieve the antiparallel orientation of the peptide backbone, Pro and Gly were inserted at positions 6 and 7 of the linear 12-peptide: acetyl-Gly-Glu-Gln-His-His-Pro-Gly Gly-Gly-Ala-Lys-Gly-amide. The insertions were made to facilitate a reverse turn of the peptide during the last synthetic step, which was formation of the epsilon (gamma-Glu)Lys bond between Glu at position 2 and Lys at position 11 with diphenylphosphorylazide. The resulting cyclic peptide represented half of the symmetrical cross-linked region in clotted fibrin. Following purification by HPLC, both linear and cyclic 12-peptides were analyzed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. Abundant molecular protonated ions were observed for both peptides. In addition, the amino acid sequence of the linear peptide and the location of the epsilon-(gamma-Glu)Lys bond in the cyclized peptide could be verified. PMID- 6629651 TI - Ear disease and hearing sensitivity in mentally retarded children. AB - The population screened for mental retardation consisted of 12,882 children, 8 years old. One hundred and fifty-one mentally retarded children were clinically studied. No borderline case was included. One hundred and one children were randomly chosen to form a control group. On clinical examination the children were 9-10 years old. Tympanograms were obtained from 206 children (81.8%). The tympanograms in respect to 30.9% of ears were classed as abnormal in the case of mentally retarded children, but in only 17.8% of non-retarded children. The difference is statistically significant (P less than 0.01). Pure tone audiometry was performed in 213 children. Thirty children were tested in open sound field, and 9 children remained untested. The examinations revealed 31 children with decreased hearing sensitivity (24 with conductive impairment, 7 with sensorineural hearing loss). Three children with profound sensorineural hearing loss and 21 with conductive impairment were among the mentally retarded. The threshold values were also examined using two-way analysis of variance. The groups were classified according to findings in psychological tests and according to the clinical findings in relation to the tympanic membrane. These two sets of findings constituted the two independent variables. These two factors had a highly significant (P less than 0.001) effect, but their interaction was not significant. Mentally retarded children clearly have middle ear disease much oftener than non-retarded children, and such ear disease is accompanied by decreased hearing sensitivity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6629652 TI - Electrocochleography and brainstem potentials in the diagnosis of the deaf child. AB - The deaf child must receive sound amplification before he reaches the age of two years. At this age the hearing threshold is best measured objectively by electrocochleography (ECochG) and auditory brainstem response (ABR) audiometry. When used correctly, both methods allow an exact threshold estimation which is informative enough for adequate hearing aid prescription. Both methods have advantages and disadvantages when used in children. The advantages of ECochG are: (a) a more exact threshold estimation and (b) strictly monaural evaluation. The advantages of ABR are: (a) ease of performance; it is not invasive and does not require general anaesthesia and (b) allows for exploration of higher levels in the auditory pathway up to the midbrain. We believe that ECochG and ABR are compatible and complementary in the diagnosis of childhood deafness. ABR could be used in first instance, while ECochG could be reserved for doubtful cases and for those who cannot be adequately sedated. Extra-audiological factors such as the availability of anaesthetists and varying hospital facilities, play a further role in determining the choice of electric response technique. PMID- 6629653 TI - Acute epiglottitis treated by intubation. AB - Acute epiglottitis is a severe disease which is especially common in children and may be fatal if not treated. The main problem in these patients is to secure a free airway. During the last decade there has been much debate as to whether one should perform a tracheotomy or secure the airway by means of long-term intubation. During the last 12 years we have treated 86 patients with acute epiglottitis by long-term intubation to secure the airway. Three of these patients have been tracheotomized. All patients have been investigated by direct laryngotracheoscopy about 3 months after recovery. During the last 8 years we have had no complications whatsoever and we consider long-term intubation to be a safe and convenient way of securing the airway in acute epiglottitis. PMID- 6629654 TI - Life endangering tumors in the ENT region in children. AB - Forty children with life-endangering tumors localized in the ENT region were treated during the last 10 years at two clinics in Poland: the Oncological Clinic in Warsaw and the Otolaryngological Children's Clinic in Lodz. In this group there were 29 malignant tumors at different pathology, and 11 non-malignant tumors that became life-endangering because of their size and localization. These children were treated, dependent on the nature of the tumor, with surgery, chemotherapy and X-ray therapy. PMID- 6629655 TI - Immotile cilia syndrome in children. AB - Nasal mucociliary function was studied in 46 children suffering from recurrent respiratory infections, sinusitis and otitis media. Mucociliary transport velocity was measured by a radioisotopic method using 99mTc-labelled human serum albumin as a tracer substance. In 31 patients mucociliary transport was markedly impaired, 0-5 mm/min (average 1.9 mm/min), whereas in healthy children it was 6-9 mm/min. Transmission electron microscopic studies of the cilia discovered many structural variations. Two patients, who did not have dextrocardia and who had had respiratory difficulties from birth onwards, had the immotile cilia syndrome, with total absence of dynein arms in the ciliary cross-sections. In the study of recurrent and chronic bronchitis, sinusitis and otitis media in children the radioisotopic method is recommended for initial examination and, if a lowered mucociliary activity is detected on both sides of the nose, a sample of nasal or bronchial mucosa should be taken for electron microscopic studies. PMID- 6629656 TI - Sinusitis in children--general considerations. AB - Suppurative sinusitis is not common in children. The diagnosis can be made with reasonable accuracy from the symptoms and signs alone, but X-ray studies and ultrasound examination may be helpful. It is not unusual for pediatric patients to present with the complications of acute suppurative sinusitis. Aspiration of sinus secretions is necessary for definitive diagnosis and identification of the infecting organism and is warranted in selective, unresponsive cases. PMID- 6629657 TI - Frontal sinusitis and its intracranial complications. AB - Although there has been a significant decrease in the incidence of frontal sinus disease since the advent of antibiotics, frontal sinus infection still occurs and may follow a clinical course not unlike that seen during the preantibiotic era. Secondarily to cranial and intracranial invasion the following complications may occur: osteomyelitis, cavernous sinus thrombosis, meningitis, extradural, subdural and cerebral abscess. The proximity of the frontal sinus to both the dura and the marrow of the frontal bone, as well as a rich communicating venous system, lends support to the facility of intracranial extension. Classically, frontal sinusitis presents with headache or pain usually following an upper respiratory infection. Purulent nasal discharge may be noted on physical examination. Roentgenographic studies will show opacification or an air-fluid level within the sinus. We present 4 cases of intracranial complications of frontal sinusitis seen in male adolescents. It is our contention that this disease bears a notable preponderance in males; a postulation that appears to be substantiated in the literature. Frequently even the classic signs and symptoms of frontal sinusitis may be undetected, which indicates that certainly the more subtle presentation of this disease may escape diagnosis during the course of examination. The use of CT scanning has proved an invaluable tool in the diagnosis of both frontal sinusitis and intracranial involvement. The importance of its incorporation into the diagnostic workup of the patient with frontal sinus disease cannot be overemphasized. We advocate aggressive medical and surgical management for all adolescents presenting with frontal sinusitis in an attempt to avoid possible intracranial complications. PMID- 6629658 TI - Silent mastoiditis and bilateral simultaneous facial palsy. AB - Silent mastoiditis is a common complication of acute otitis media since the advent of antibiotics. Although most pediatric middle ear inflammations manifest themselves in both ears, otitic facial palsy almost always presents unilaterally. We report an unusual case of bilateral simultaneous facial palsy occurring during the course of a persistent otitis media in a 7-month-old child. Appropriate antibiotic therapy and insertion of ventilating tubes cleared the infectious inflammatory process, resulting in full recovery from nerve dysfunction. PMID- 6629659 TI - Laryngeal stenosis following papillomatosis--a report of three severe cases. AB - Three cases of severe laryngeal papillomatosis beginning in early childhood are presented. Several methods of treatment were tried, but lasting results were achieved by suction diathermy. The laryngeal lumen was totally obliterated in all cases during the course of the disease. The patients were successfully operated on by making a laryngofissure in the front part of the larynx, excising the scar and enlarging the lumen by a median incision in th back wall of the larynx. An indwelling prosthesis was placed in the larynx for several months. After removing the prosthesis, the laryngeal lumen was dilated several times by oesophageal sounds. All patients were successfully decannulated. The results of treatment are evaluated both clinically and by ventilatory function studies. Central airway obstruction persisted in two cases. PMID- 6629660 TI - Examination of child larynx by flexible fiberoptic laryngoscope. AB - Four cases of laryngeal dysfunction are presented. The substantial advantages derived from the use of flexible fiberoptic instruments in children is described, together with a description of 3 scopes developed by the author. PMID- 6629661 TI - Flexible fiberoptics and pediatric otolaryngology. A simple technique for examination and photodocumentation. AB - Examination of the ears, nose, nasopharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx has been dramatically altered by the advent of flexible fiberoptic devices. The stunningly clear real visual images may be readily adapted for photography. Using a standard flexible fiberoptic nasopharyngolaryngoscope and standard light sources, standard cameras, and standard photographic processing, the author details a simple method for examination and photodocumentation in pediatric otolaryngology. Color transparencies, color prints, and color and sound videotapes may be produced which are consistently clear, color balanced, and have good depth of field. PMID- 6629662 TI - The HPLC analysis of thiamine in milk chocolate. AB - An HPLC method for the analysis of thiamin in milk chocolate and various chocolate products is described. Samples are extracted with H2SO4, treated with enzymes and interferences removed with a small cleanup column. The separation is effected on a monolayer reversed phase column with a post column thiochrome reaction and fluorescence detection. The method is accurate and precise. PMID- 6629663 TI - Studies on the riboflavin-binding capacity of the rat lens. AB - Previous studies have confirmed that riboflavin-binding protein exists in the rat lens. We now provide evidence that riboflavin-binding was the same at 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C, that there was a saturation curve when 14C-riboflavin was the substrate, that there was an ATP-dependent increase of binding, and that EGTA and PCMB did not affect riboflavin binding while it was decreased upon protease digestion and upon the addition of heavy metal compounds. Furthermore, binding was lower in the lenses of rats which had been fed a B2-deficient diet for 8 weeks than in animals receiving this diet for 4 weeks. When 14C-B2 butyrate rather than 14C-riboflavin was the substrate, binding was considerably higher in the lens homogenate and the single whole lens. Partial purification of riboflavin binding protein using flavinyl agar-bead affinity chromatography confirmed the presence of a trace amount of riboflavin-binding protein in the bovine lens. Our results suggest that changes in the riboflavin-binding capacity of the lens may play a role in the regulation of absorption, transport and metabolism of riboflavin in the lens associated with the synthesis of ester forms of riboflavin. PMID- 6629664 TI - Absence of accumulation phenomena in normal and tumoral tissues of mice treated with ascorbic acid. AB - The authors studied the effects of an energetic and prolonged ascorbic acid (AA) treatment on AA concentration in a solid tumor obtained by transplanting ascites tumor cells in the dorsal subcutaneous region of Balb/C1/Had/Se substrain mice. The results demonstrate that this tumor, whose growth is favored by AA, not only is incapable of accumulating AA, but surprisingly presents a lowering of its concentration as the result of treatment with very high doses of AA. The levels of AA in various organs and tissues of mice bearing the aforesaid tumor show no significant difference to those observed in organs and tissues of healthy mice. An energetic and prolonged treatment with AA not only is incapable of favoring accumulation, but also causes a lowering of its concentration in the liver and kidney, similar to that observed in tumors. Therefore, the hypothesis may be advanced that this decrease is caused by the adaptation of some enzymatic system, which results in a greater utilization of AA. This greater consumption could be the cause of the decreased AA levels once esogenous administration is arrested. PMID- 6629665 TI - Influence of erythorbic acid on ascorbic acid retention and elimination in the mouse. AB - Large quantities of ascorbic acid or erythorbic acid were administered to Swiss mice over a period of seven months. Urinary ascorbic acid and erythorbic acid were determined two weeks before termination of the experiment. At the end of the experiment, ascorbic acid and erythorbic acid contents in plasma, liver and brain tissues were measured. In the ascorbic acid-treated mice, there was a marked elevation in plasma and urine ascorbate levels, and there was a 38% increase of ascorbate level in the liver but there was no substantial increase in ascorbate levels in the four brain regions studied, namely the cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla and brain stem, upon large intake of ascorbic acid. In the erythorbic acid-treated mice, erythorbic acid is well absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract, enters the blood stream, and is rapidly excreted in the urine. The results show that erythorbic acid is able to replace 45% of ascorbic acid in the liver and 28-39% of ascorbic acid in the brain tissues. Although erythorbic acid appears in the blood at significantly high level, it does not lower blood ascorbate levels. PMID- 6629666 TI - Vitamin A utilization status in chronic alcoholic patients. AB - The utilization status of vitamin A (retinol) (treated with oral retinol - 2500 I.U. daily (=250 micrograms) x 5 days - "OROVITE -7", Bencard, England) in 25 patients (M = 23, F = 2; mean age +/- S.D. = 43.88 +/- 12.67; range = 28-70 years), 3 out of 25 patients (12%) were found to be deficient in the vitamin and during treatment further improvement of the blood levels of the vitamin was observed in all except one elderly male patient (age 61 years) and the mean levels on admission (661.04 micrograms/l) was also slightly improved after treatment (662.84 micrograms/l). Night blindness, alcoholic liver disease and hypogonadism are commonly seen in chronic alcoholic patients. Falling plasma levels of the vitamin indicate exhaustion of its hepatic storage. It is therefore suggested that chronic alcoholics should be given vitamin A supplementation along with other polyvitamins during conventional detoxification therapy for ethanol withdrawal syndrome in order to prevent dangerous manifestations of hypovitaminosis A, such as night blindness, cancer, hypogonadism and alcoholic liver disease. PMID- 6629667 TI - [Determination of plasma tocopherols using high performance liquid chromatography]. AB - The authors describe an analytical method for the determination of plasma vitamin E by high performance liquid chromatography. 100 microliters of plasma are added to en ethanol-hexane mixture in presence of ascorbic acid. The hexan phase is concentrated and 50 microliters are injected directly into the chromatography in a silica gel column. The detector is set at 280 nm. The very low quantity of plasma required for the determination makes this method very useful in neonatal medicine. PMID- 6629669 TI - Biological activity of all-rac-a-tocopherol and RRR-a-tocopherol determined by three different rat bioassays. AB - The biological activity of 2 R, 4' R, 8' R-(RRR)-a-tocopherol and all-rac-a tocopherol has been determined by 3 different bioassays: Resorption-gestation test, red blood cell hemolysis test and rat liver storage test. Expressed in relation to all-rac-a-tocopheryl acetate is found by the resorption-gestation test with the doses given in vegetable oil potency ratios of 0.79 for all-rac-a tocopherol and 1.06 for RRR-a-tocopherol, by the red blood cell hemolysis test ratios of 0.85 for all-rac-a-tocopherol and 1.13 for RRR-a-tocopherol and by the rat liver storage test ratios of 1.03 for all-rac-a-tocopherol and 1.32 for RRR-a tocopherol. Furthermore is by the resorption-gestation test found a potency ratio of 0.90 between RRR-a-tocopheryl succinate and all-rac-a-tocopheryl acetate. By the evaluation of these figures, most weight must be added to the results from the resorption-gestation test, as it involves the most complex biological mechanism of the 3 methods. The potency ratios found in this investigation are significantly lower than the currently accepted potency ratios of 1.10 between all-rac-a-tocopherol and all-rac-a-tocopheryl acetate, 1.49 between RRR-a tocopherol and all-rac-a-tocopheryl acetate and 1.21 between RRR-a-tocopheryl succinate and all-rac-a-tocopheryl acetate (all values calculated from their corresponding acetate by multiplication with the ratio of the molecular weight), but the potency ratio between RRR-a-tocopherol and all-rac-a-tocopherol calculated from the 3 different bioassays does not deviate significantly from the currently accepted value of 1.36. It seems necessary to reconsider the biological activity of all-rac-a-tocopherol and RRR-a-tocopherol, and it is suggested to use a potency ratio of 0.80 between all-rac-a-tocopherol and all-rac-a-tocopheryl acetate and 1.0 between RRR-a-tocopherol and all-rac-a-tocopheryl acetate. PMID- 6629668 TI - d,1-alpha-Tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E): a long term toxicity and carcinogenicity study in rats. AB - Rats were fed vitamin E at various dietary concentrations providing dosages of up to 2000 mg/kg bodyweight/day for 104 weeks. Vitamin K supplementation suppressed the induced hypoprothrombinaemia. Growth rate and survival were unaltered by treatment, and, apart from a trend towards fewer mammary tumours in females, the tumour profile was unaffected. Changes in serum liver enzyme activity and in the appearance of the hepatic macrophages suggested a limited hepatic response to vitamin E overload. PMID- 6629670 TI - Macrophage activation with ubiquinones and their related compounds in mice. AB - The effect of ubiquinones (Q-2, -7 and -10) and their related compounds (QSA-1, 4, -6, -10 and -18) on macrophage functions was investigated. All compounds tested in this study, except QSA-4 and -6, augmented macrophage-mediated functions such as cytolysis, cytostasis and H2O2 release. Furthermore, QSA-10 and QSA-10(H2) were also shown to increase antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. However, QSA-10(Phenol), which lacks a quinone ring, was not observed these activities. It was suggested that quinone ring might be important for the expression of macrophage activation. PMID- 6629671 TI - The intake of vitamins and minerals by the elderly at home. AB - In 403 elderly people residing in their own homes a dietary interview was undertaken with special reference to the intakes of vitamins and minerals. The group was randomly selected. The data were compared with the Recommended Dietary Allowances, Joint Nordic Recommendations and the absolute minimal necessary amounts. Intakes of folacin was low in 100% of the interviewed, intakes of cholecalciferol was low in 62% and in 83% intakes of pyridoxine was low as compared to the recommendations. The majority had sufficient amounts of ascorbic acid, thiamine, riboflavin, retinol and cobalamin from the diet. The intake of zinc was low in 87% of the interviewed, but risk of zinc deficiency might only be present in 0.5%. The intakes of iron and calcium was judged to be sufficient. The physiological needs of the elderly may, however, vary from the standards used here and recommendations with special reference to the elderly are in request. The conclusion is that the diet of the elderly, possibly with exception of folacin, is well above their absolute minimal requirements, but the margin towards malnutrition is small. This means that elderly people should be considered a vulnerable group with respect to the intakes of vitamins and minerals. PMID- 6629672 TI - Vitamin status in patients on maintenance haemodialysis. AB - The vitamin status (vitamins A, E, C, Carotene, B1, B2 and B6) of 18 patients receiving maintenance haemodialysis was assessed. All patients were receiving vitamin B1, B2 and B6 supplements and the effect of stopping these supplements on subsequent vitamin status was further studied. Apart from vitamin A, which was significantly increased in all patients, the mean level of all other vitamins was similar to the control group. Despite these normal group means, individual patients could be identified with low or marginally low vitamin C and B2 levels. When the vitamin B complex supplements were stopped, vitamin B2 and B6 remained normal over the subsequent six months maintenance haemodialysis but there was deterioration in vitamin B2 status. Leucocyte vitamin C levels responded well to oral supplements of 400 mg vitamin C per day. This study suggests that vitamin C and B2 supplements are necessary in patients receiving maintenance haemodialysis, other vitamin supplements being unnecessary. PMID- 6629673 TI - Studies on the protein requirement of Brazilian rural workers ("boias frias") given a rice and bean diet. AB - The present study was conducted to evaluate the nutritive value of a multiple level rice and bean diet fed to migrant workers. Nine healthy males, 18 to 28 years old were admitted to our metabolic unit for a three period metabolic balance study. The rice and beans based diet was fed at levels to provide 0.4, 0.6 or 0.8 g of protein/kg body weight. Mean energy intake for the three levels of intake and for all subjects was 46.9 +/- 2.9 kcal/kg Bwt/day. Each nitrogen balance period consisted of a) one day on a nitrogen free diet b) five days on an adaptation period, and c) five days on the balance period. "True digestibility', "true nitrogen balance", biologic value, and net protein utilization (NPU) were calculated. Mean protein requirements were estimated by regression analysis of pooled data of balances at different levels of intake. These results showed values of 103.8 mg N/kg Bwt/day. Mean and standard deviation for protein digestibility at each level of intake were 69.2 +/- 17.0, 75.5 +/- 5.3, and 74.9 +/- 10.6% respectively. Mean and standard deviation for NPU were 49.9 +/- 26.3, 55.6 +/- 10.6, and 57.8 +/- 14.4 respectively. The data support the conclusion that a rice and bean diet is a well balanced food combination and can serve as a fairly good source of protein for the adult human. PMID- 6629674 TI - [Consequences in the rat of prolonged consumption of lactose or hydrolyzed lactose. 4. Composition of the liver]. AB - Lots of 12 rats Wistar receive a well-balanced diet with 40 p. 100 of sucrose (control), or 40 p. 100 of lactose or hydrolyzed lactose in the form of whey or ultrafiltration permeate. After 270 days, the liver of experimental lots contains more thiamine (about +130 p. 100) and less total cholesterol (about -18 p. 100). The lactose feeding increases the liver riboflavine, more than the hydrolyzed lactose. PMID- 6629675 TI - Real-time ultrasonography: a new tool for the intraoperative localization of renal calculi (preliminary communication). AB - A B-scan real-time ultrasonic equipment providing three-dimensional information was used for intraoperative localization of renal calculi. Simplicity, non invasiveness and ability to demonstrate radiolucent calculi or matrix are stress as the main advantages of the method. Its current use on a larger scale is expected and regarded as desirable. PMID- 6629676 TI - Appraisal of retropublic sagittal prostatectomy. AB - An operative technique, called retropubic sagittal prostatectomy, is described. The technique is based on the surgical anatomy of the prostatic capsule, previously studied and reported by the author. Forty-two patients treated by the method are presented and compared with another group of 37 own patients who had earlier had Millin's retropubic prostatectomy. Retropubic sagittal prostatectomy proved technically simpler than Millin's retropubic operation, but with equally excellent results and probably slighter blood loss. PMID- 6629677 TI - X-ray changes in the kidneys of children with orthostatic proteinuria. AB - In 38 patients with orthostatic proteinuria (O.P.) and in 31 children of the control group (C) roentgenograms of excretory urography have been compared, made in the standing erect and in the lying down posture. In children with O.P. significantly more frequent and more expressive ptosis of the kidneys during orthostasis was found than in the controls. In children with O.P. disturbed urine outflow was found in 36.8%, while in children of the control group only in 3.2%. On the basis of the results obtained relations between haemodynamic changes in ptosis of the kidneys, disturbed urine outflow and the origin of O.P. are analysed. PMID- 6629678 TI - Original transvesical prostatectomy. AB - Starting out from a series of theoretical considerations, and checked clinically, the authors describe an original technique for prostatic adenomectomy, being more efficient in limitation of surgical haemorrhage, urinary infection and postoperative hypogastric fistulae. The operative technique and its results in comparison with classic techniques are presented. PMID- 6629680 TI - Surgical treatment of urethral stricture: still a problem? AB - In the introduction the author stresses that the main facts which decide the choice and prognosis of therapy are localization, length and the so-called complexity of the stricture. His 15-year material from 388 operations on 290 patients is presented. Circular strictures of the anterior urethra (a total of 135 operations) are treated through endoscopic urethrotomy as the primary procedure and mostly by open resection as the secondary one. Longitudinal strictures of the anterior urethra (199 operations) are treated by marsupialization, pedicled cutaneous flap and Michalowski's "sleeve" technique as primary procedures. As the secondary procedure (after failure of the first operation) marsupialization only was performed. Complex strictures of the posterior urethra (total 54) were treated mostly by transpubic approach, which showed good results in 74% cases on 41 operations. PMID- 6629679 TI - Observations with transurethral resection in association with continuous irrigation. AB - The technique of TUR with continuous irrigation and suction is evaluated in the light of two years' experience. The advantages and shortcomings of the procedure are summed up and compared with those of traditional TUR. Its superiority to the last-named method is emphasized, and the pitfalls are pointed out. PMID- 6629681 TI - Circumferential multiple radial visually-controlled urethrotomy. AB - We have followed up 184 urethral strictures of different extent which have been operated on in the last five years with the technique of circumferential multiple radial visually-controlled urethrotomy. PMID- 6629682 TI - An unusual case of rectourethral fistula. Restoration by using a flap from the bladder. AB - A rare case of rectourethral fistula is described, with tunnelization of a flap from the anterior bladder wall in order to produce a new posterior urethra after excising the original one. The excellent result obtained by this technique introduced by Tanagho et al. is stressed. PMID- 6629683 TI - Idiopathic gangrene (Fournier) of the male external genitalia, with report of a case and review of the literature. AB - Fournier's gangrene, originally described by Fournier in 1883, is a rare and unusual ischaemic necrosis of the male external genitalia. Reports on the idiopathic penile and/or scrotal gangrene are relatively rare in newer publications. The aetiology of the disease which is characterized by a sudden onset, most commonly without prodromal symptoms, is still not fully understood. There is strong evidence, however, that Fournier's gangrene is a specific infection due to Streptococcus haemolyticus, group A, and/or anaerobic Streptococci. Presenting a case of our own, we take the opportunity to discuss the pathogenesis, pathomorphology, bacteriology and treatment of the disease. PMID- 6629684 TI - Effect of intratesticular administration of BCG on testicular function (preliminary report). AB - Four patients suffering from carcinoma of the prostate (2 in stage C and 2 in stage D) in whom orchidectomy was indicated clinically, were enrolled in the study. Two patients were given a single injection of 25 units of BCG per testis and the other two received 50 units intratesticularly. Testicular biopsy at 0, 4 and 16 weeks showed the effects of the procedure in the tubular and interstitial compartment. The tubules were partially or completely atrophied, Sertoli cells were vacuolated. In the interstitium, mononuclear infiltration was evident. The reaction was more intense in patients receiving 50 units. The plasma testosterone after a slight drop in the first month returned to normal and pretreatment levels, respectively, and remained so during the eight months of observation. There was no significant change either in plasma oestradiol and prolactin or in T3, T1 and cortisol levels. FSH and LH, however, increased beyond the basal levels after an initial drop. The general condition of the patients remained good. All four patients gained weight. No side effects other than scrotal swelling during the first few weeks were either seen or reported by the patients. The swelling subsided after four weeks. This preliminary study indicates that there is a partial or total destruction of geminal elements. As the plasma testosterone levels remained undiminished in these four cases over a period of 8 months, it is apparent that testosterone production is not affected by intratesticularly administered BCG. PMID- 6629685 TI - Acute hyperparathyroidism successfully treated by total parathyroidectomy and parathyroid autotransplantation. AB - Acute hyperparathyroidism occurs infrequently and sometimes represents a diagnostic problem in urological patients. We report a case of acute hyperparathyroidism successfully treated by total parathyroidectomy and parathyroid autotransplantation. PMID- 6629686 TI - Traumatic rupture of renal cyst into the retroperitoneum and the pyelocalyceal system. AB - Kidneys are involved in about 25% of abdominal traumas. Pathologically altered kidneys are mostly affected in the case of hydronephrosis, cysts and tumours. PMID- 6629687 TI - Percutaneous nephrostomy and irrigation lithochemolysis. A new concept for the treatment of cystine stones. AB - A case is reported of the dissolution of a cystine stone in the left renal pelvis by means of irrigation with N-acetyl-cysteine via percutaneous nephrostomy. As a result of this treatment no further operative measures were necessary. In our opinion the surgical removal of cystine stones is probably no longer necessary. PMID- 6629688 TI - Sonographic staging after nephrectomy for tumours. AB - Sonography for postoperative staging after malignant renal tumours was evaluated in this study based on multiple examinations in 63 patients. Sonography permits a critical examination of the liver, the abdomen in general, the retroperitoneal space, including the renal fossa and solitary kidney. Local recurrences after hypernephroma operation were found in 5.3% and after nephrectomy for renal pelvic carcinoma in 68%. Retroperitoneal lymph node metastases appeared in 17% of the patients operated on renal pelvic carcinoma and in 7.6% after hypernephroma operation. These data indicate that special attention should be drawn to the renal fossa after tumour nephrectomy. The higher incidence of recurrences in the renal fossa, and metastatic lymph node involvement in patients following nephrectomy for renal pelvic carcinoma compared with the situation after hypernephroma operation might be explained by the difference of the lymph drainage between the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma which, in addition, includes a separate ontogenetic development. The majority of secondary lesions in hypernephroma patients occur as lung and bone metastases which have been discovered by conventional X-ray examination. These data are not statistically evaluated in the study. PMID- 6629689 TI - Extravasation in ureteral tumours. AB - Extravasation of contrast medium following retrograde pyelography may occur when excessive pressure is used during injection of the contrast medium, direct trauma during manipulation of the ureteral catheter or pre-existing ureteral disease. Extravasation of contrast medium occurring in a ureteral tumour is rare. A case where extravasation of contrast medium was observed during retrograde pyelography due to extensive invasion of the ureter by a primary ureteral tumour is reported. PMID- 6629690 TI - The obturator nerve block. Preventing damage of the bladder wall during transurethral surgery. AB - During transurethral electroresection in the posterolateral bladder neck, trigone and posterior urethra, unintentional contractions of the thigh-adductor muscles may occur due to irritation of the obturator nerve. The sudden displacement of the bladder wall against the cutting loop may cause a perforation of the bladder. The authors describe the topographic relation of the bladder wall to the passage of the obturator nerve in the minor pelvis. The technique of obturator nerve block by local anaesthesia is described and its efficacy is demonstrated in 21 patients. PMID- 6629691 TI - Intraoperative internal iliac artery embolization as a method of treating bladder haemorrhages. AB - A simple and effective method of controlling haemorrhage from the bladder by means of intraoperative embolization is described. This method can be used in hospital departments which do not have surgical radiology laboratories at their disposal. It compares well with the method of internal iliac artery ligation, since by inhibiting the formation of collateral circulation it prevents recurrences of haemorrhage. PMID- 6629692 TI - Techniques for surgical repair of vesicovaginal fistulae. AB - The surgical therapy of vesicovaginal fistulae is discussed on the basis of a surgical material of 15 patients treated over a period of 5 years. The combined, transvesical-vaginal approach was used in 5, the transvesical approach in 3, and the vaginal approach in 3 cases. Ureterosigmoidostomy was performed in 1 case. Spontaneous healing of the fistula ensued in 3 cases. The types of surgery employed are commented upon. PMID- 6629693 TI - Cancer of mamma virilis. AB - The authors describe a patient who, because of false shame, reported for treatment in the course of an advanced neoplastic process of the mamma. Combined treatment consisting of surgical castration, hormonotherapy and irradiation was applied. In about 30 per cent of patients thus treated a temporary remission or inhibition of the neoplastic process has been observed. PMID- 6629694 TI - Simulated proteinuria and haematuria. AB - In nephrology, like in other branches of medicine, falsification is motivated by a desire for profit or is an expression of some mental disorder. Three cases are described in which artificial proteinuria and haematuria were diagnosed by agarose gel electrophoresis of urinary proteins and a simulation and aggravation of renal disease was disclosed. PMID- 6629695 TI - Effect of hyperosmolar peritoneal dialysis fluid on the elimination of small- and medium-molecular substances. AB - The efficiency of peritoneal dialysis by the use of hyperosmolar dialyzing fluid (680 mOsm/1) was studied in 7 patients with chronic renal failure. The results were referred to the control values obtained in the first and in the terminal periods. In the course of treatment by means of the solution of high osmolarity the clearance of small- and medium-molecular substances increased. A significant increase in ultrafiltration was demonstrable. Protein loss and elevation of the blood glucose levels were noted as side-effects. PMID- 6629697 TI - Biogenesis of vaccinia: analysis by three-factor crosses reveals mutual influence on stability of drug resistance and temperature sensitivity when both markers occur in some recombinant virus isolates. AB - Recombination analysis with 5 temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of vaccinia virus, relegated to the E category phenotype and mimicking closely the effects produced by the antibiotic rifampicin, was undertaken to determine whether the genetic loci determining this phenotype were clustered on the genetic map. Optimum conditions for analysis were established with respect to the MOI and duration of incubation. At an MOI of 5-10, consistent values of recombination frequency (RF) were obtained, but became significantly lower when the MOI was 1 or less. Constant RF values were recorded when the duration of the infection was 8-24 h. These values were increased 3-fold by extending the incubation to 36 h. Under the standard conditions for analysis adopted, each mutant partner was added at an MOI of 10 and incubation was for 18 h. The map of group E mutants drawn from RF values obtained by 2-factor crosses was confirmed by 3-factor cross analysis, in which recombinants carried both the ts mutations and the rifampicin resistance (R) marker. Both 2- and 3-factor cross data revealed that the 5 group E mutations were not clustered on the vaccinia virus genome. Surprisingly, after recombining ts 7743 with rifampicin resistance (R), different isolates of ts 7743 R could be mapped at two loci to the right or left of another isolate, ts 9383. Characterization of five independent plaque isolates of the progeny arising from a ts 7743 R parent showed that one isolate possessed a cold-sensitive phenotype (33 degrees/40 degrees = 1:26), two isolates retained their original ts character, and two became phenotypically like wild type (wt) with respect to thermosensitivity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6629698 TI - Autointerference of Marituba Virus (Bunyaviridae) in mouse L cells by defective interfering particles. AB - The growth characteristics of Marituba virus, a member of the Bunyaviridae family, were studied in L-A9 cells. Virus yield was strictly dependent on the MOI. Quantitation of infectious virus released from the cells revealed a decrease in magnitude with continued serial passage. Specificity of the Marituba virus inhibitory response was investigated in relation to interference within homologous and heterologous viral classes. Virus particles were studied by isopycnic centrifugation in sucrose gradients. Under conditions of multiple viral passages at high multiplicity, two major classes of virus particles were produced, one band at 1.19 g/ml and another at 1.16 g/ml. Particles at 1.16 g/ml were noninfectious. Our results suggest that during the replication of Marituba virus at high MOI a population of defective interfering particles is generated. PMID- 6629696 TI - The role of basic amino acids of the seminal plasma in fertility. AB - The role of basic amino acids in male infertility is discussed. The changes in the arginine, ornithine and total amino acid concentrations of the seminal plasma in various types of pathospermia are commented upon in the light of published evidence and of the authors' own observations. A recent procedure (CV-technique) introduced by the authors into the routine investigation scheme of infertility is reported. The method detects the arginine-deficient type of pathospermia, thus contributing to the possibility of its selective correction. PMID- 6629699 TI - Intracellular occurrence of cowpea mild mottle virus in two unrelated plant species. AB - The filamentous particles of cowpea mild mottle virus (CMMV) were detected only in the cytoplasm of palisade, mesophyll, parenchyma and epidermal cells of Glycine max (Papilionaceae) and Nicotiana clevelandii (Solanaceae). They were aggregated to form either sheets or bundles or, more frequently, brush-like inclusions. Although CMMV was initially considered to be a possible member of the Carlavirus group, it differs from aphid-borne carlaviruses in its intracellular occurrence and transmission by whiteflies and in being frequently seed transmitted in some leguminous hosts. Because CMMV is also serologically unrelated to any of 12 recognized carlaviruses, we suggest that it now be removed from the carlavirus group and left unclassified until the taxonomic significance of these differences has been fully evaluated. PMID- 6629700 TI - Structural proteins of Marituba virus (Bunyaviridae). AB - Marituba virus was purified by rate-zonal sedimentation and equilibrium density centrifugation in sucrose gradients. The buoyant density of virus particles was 1.19 g/ml. Purified virus was dissociated and its proteins were analyzed by SDS PAGE. Four virus polypeptides were identified and designated L, G1, G2 and N. Their average molecular weights were 190 x 10(3) [L, range (180-200) x 10(3)], 120 x 10(3) [G1, range (118-122) x 10(3)], 26 x 10(3) [G2, range (24-28) x 10(3)], and 20 x 10(3) [N, range (19-21) x 10(3)]. Polypeptides N and L are, respectively, the major and the minor viral components. G1 and G2 are glycopeptides as demonstrated by the preferential incorporation of labeled 3H glucosamine. PMID- 6629701 TI - Characteristics and classification of incC group plasmid-dependent phage C-1. AB - Incompatibility group C plasmid-specific bacteriophage C-1 has a buoyant density of 1.43 g/cm3, a sedimentation coefficient of 80-82S, and a molecular weight of 4 x 10(6). It contains approximately 33% nucleic acid, which has been identified as linear single-stranded RNA of molecular weight (1.3 +/- 0.1) x 10(6). These characteristics, in conjunction with particle morphology and resistance to chloroform and diethyl ether, suggest that phage C-1 belongs to the Leviviridae group of phages. PMID- 6629702 TI - On the evolution of orbiviruses. AB - The genomes of orbiviruses consist of 10 segments of double-stranded RNA. In cells simultaneously infected with two or more related viruses, recombinants are derived by independent reassortment of parental genes. The process is analogous to sexual reproduction in higher organisms and provides a mechanism for generating extensive diversity within this group of viruses. This genetic diversity can be explained by reference to modern concepts of the structure of natural populations of organisms. A species in the phylogenetic sense is the largest aggregate of individual organisms that evolves as a unit. The biological species concept stresses the community gene pool and reproductive isolation. The orbiviruses are now classified into 13 distinct serological groups, but confusion exists in defining species. Classification by reference to concepts of evolutionary species would define genetically interacting groups, estimate the extent of diversity within these groups, and establish phylogenetic relationships between species. PMID- 6629704 TI - The value of intraoperative wound cultures in predicting the bacteriology of wound infection after elective abdominal surgery. PMID- 6629703 TI - Seasonal variation in folate nutritional status. PMID- 6629705 TI - The immunologic and immunotherapeutic sequelae of intraperitoneal BCG. I: The local nature of immunostimulation and the effects of delayed-type hypersensitivity. PMID- 6629706 TI - The immunologic and immunotherapeutic sequelae of intraperitoneal BCG. II: Serial changes in spleen weight, morphology, cell populations and in vitro mitogen responses. PMID- 6629708 TI - Neonatal echovirus type 17 infection in twins. PMID- 6629707 TI - I.g.A. nephropathy in association with Yersinia enterocolitica. PMID- 6629709 TI - Genetics and evolution. PMID- 6629710 TI - Subcellular localization of isozymes--an overview. PMID- 6629711 TI - Cellular localization, metabolism, and physiology. PMID- 6629713 TI - Intracellular compartmentation of isozymes of sugar phosphate metabolism in green leaves. AB - The present paper has summarized evidence for the presence of two isozymes for many enzyme activities of sugar phosphate metabolism in plant leaves. These two isozymes are clearly compartmentalized in the chloroplasts and in the cytosol of plant leaf cells. In C4 plants there exists an additional isozyme in the mesophyll cells of these leaves in addition to the two isozymes in the bundle sheath cells. Such cell-compartment-specific and cell-specific isozymes provide duplicate (and possibly triplicate) enzyme systems for complete or almost complete pathways (ie, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway). They provide a basis for the understanding as to how many isozymes one may expect in plants. They also provide a challenge to determine what their function is particularly in the differential regulation of metabolic pathways in different cell compartments. Based on his genetic analyses Weeden [1981] has recently proposed a model for the evolution of chloroplast-specific isozymes of sugar phosphate metabolism. This model rests on the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of chloroplasts. It still is highly speculative. However, cell-compartment specific isozymes may eventually provide a means of studying plant evolution, especially if we succeed in analyzing their primary structure. PMID- 6629712 TI - Aldehyde dehydrogenase isozymes. PMID- 6629714 TI - Genetic analysis of the duplicated mitochondrial and cytosolic malate dehydrogenase isozymes in maize. PMID- 6629715 TI - The meaning of the Holocaust. PMID- 6629716 TI - Growing up in the Holocaust culture. PMID- 6629717 TI - On obstacles to the working through of the Nazi Holocaust experience and on the consequences of failing to do so. PMID- 6629718 TI - A fifty year span--some reflections on Israelis and Germans. PMID- 6629719 TI - Perversion and the universal law. PMID- 6629720 TI - A new look at 'Moses and monotheism'. PMID- 6629721 TI - Dialogue without words: some non-verbal aspects of the psychoanalytic encounter. PMID- 6629722 TI - Retrospect and prospect. From the mid-1950's to the late 1980's. PMID- 6629723 TI - Some thoughts about insight and psychoanalysis. PMID- 6629724 TI - The intractable borderline patient: some considerations in relationship to treatment factors. PMID- 6629725 TI - Therapeutic approaches in light of an integrated view of internalization processes. PMID- 6629726 TI - A contribution to the study of antisemitism. PMID- 6629727 TI - The effect of diamide and glutathione on the uptake of glucose by human erythrocytes. AB - Diamide, directly added to human erythrocytes, inhibits glucose utilisation. The trend of this process is in good correlation with the intracellular concentration of GSH. Since diamide does not affect the glycolytic and hexose monophosphate shunt-pathway enzymes, it is likely that the effect of diamide involves the sugar transport across erythrocyte membrane. Kinetic studies carried out on ghosts have shown that diamide decreases Vmax without affecting Km. GSH on the contrary stimulates glucose transport by increasing Vmax. The significance of GSH in the process of transport of sugar is discussed. PMID- 6629728 TI - The type I binding of some aliphatic epoxides to cytochrome P-450 and their inhibition of mono-oxygenase activity. AB - The Ks values from type I binding of several aliphatic epoxides to microsomes from phenobarbital-or 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated or untreated mice have been determined. A good correlation between binding affinity and substrate lipophilicity (as log P octanol/water) was observed. Moreover, a striking correlation between delta Emax and log P was found, pointing to a great importance of lipophilicity for the interaction of these compounds with hydrophobic membranes-bound cytochrome P-450. The Ks values of some parental olefins were determined and found to be of the same extent as those of respective epoxides. This suggests that the epoxides can be still good substrates for the mono-oxygenase. The resulting possible hydroxylation would be a further way of detoxication process. This is also supported by the fact that epoxides inhibit the aminopyrine N-demethylase activity. PMID- 6629729 TI - Synthesis and NMR properties of 2-(4-pyridyl) thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acids. AB - Various thiazolidine derivatives, obtained through condensation between pyridoxal or pyridoxal-5'-phosphate with several aminothiols, have been obtained and examined for their NMR spectra. For the compounds tested, we demonstrated the presence in solution of the two diasteroisomeric thiazolidines, A and C, which differ for the configuration at C2, and are interconverted via the open chain Schiff's base, with different rates, depending on the pH. The possibility that, when aminothiols react with PLP bound to the enzyme, only one of the two diasteroisomers may be formed, and the biological role of such derivatives is discussed. PMID- 6629730 TI - A modified Payne technique with a personal antireflux valvular system in the surgical treatment of morbid obesity. AB - Reflux into the blind loop in end-to-side jejuno-ileal bypass is commonly considered the cause of weight loss failure, but the lower morbidity and mortality suggest that this procedure should be preferred to end-to-end bypass in the surgical treatment of morbid obesity, with the proper technical modifications to prevent the reflux. An antireflux single or double valvular system created 3-6 cm proximally to the anastomosis, with few introverting seroserous stitches, parallel and perpendicular to the ileal axis, is reported. This technique, as compared to others, is not time consuming, is easily feasible and does not interfere with the blind loop down-flow. Comparative clinical data and x-ray controls demonstrated the value of this procedure which is able to give excellent results in cases where other procedures (gastric operations, bilio-intestinal, bilio-pancreatic bypass etc.), are contraindicated. PMID- 6629731 TI - Pancreato-biliary-duodenal interposition of isolated jejunal loop in the surgical treatment of selected cases of chronic pancreatitis. AB - Eight patients suffering from symptoms of chronic pancreatitis with dilation of Wirsung's and common bile ducts were selected for a double biliary and pancreatic diversion by interposition of two jejunal loops between these ducts and the duodenum. In three patients a single loop was used, performing an anastomosis on the proximal end to the Wirsung duct about 45 centimeters below the anastomosis between the common duct and the jejunum. The distal end of this loop was anastomosed end-to-side to the duodenum. In five patients two different jejunal loop were used. While the proximal end of one loop was anastomosed to the Wirsung duct, the proximal end of the second loop was anastomosed to the common bile duct. End-to-side anastomosis was then performed between the distal end of both loops and the duodenum. There were no deaths or serious complications. The minimum follow-up was twelve months and the maximum three and half years, all the patients being without symptoms and with normalization of the laboratory tests three months after operation. PMID- 6629732 TI - Arterial reconstruction of the limbs in poor run off conditions and surgical repair of vena cava with expanded PTFE (IMPRA-grafts). AB - Seventy eight arterial and venous reconstructions using expanded microporous PTFE (IMPRA-grafts) are reported. This prosthetic material has been employed, by itself or in addition to autogenous vein segments when the saphenous vein was not available or inadequate in length or quality. Long term results show that 83% of vascular repairs are patent up to 36 months post-operatively. Since the prosthesis has been used in vena cava reconstructions, in patients with severe impairment of the distal arterial tree and in some cases in whom previous surgical treatment had failed, these results are favorable and encouraging. PMID- 6629733 TI - Ostium secundum atrial septal defect: is it a minor cardiac lesion? AB - One-hundred-ten cases of ostium secundum atrial septal defect, surgically treated from 1975 to 1980, are reported. The early postoperative deaths were two (1.81%), both due to acute left ventricular failure. In the postoperative complications, along with arrhythmia, is left ventricular failure markedly represented (4 cases). These observations can be suggestive of a major role of left ventricular function in the natural course of atrial septal defect and its treatment, and could emphasize the importance of preoperative left ventricular study, effective intraoperative myocardial protection, and early operation (age two years), in order to prevent left ventricular involvement and failure. PMID- 6629734 TI - Post-gravidic Budd-Chiari syndrome treated by mesocaval H-graft shunt. AB - A new case of Budd-Chiari syndrome following pregnancy is reported. The patient, shortly after her second normal delivery, showed clinical evidence of hepatic venous outflow impairment. The diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome was supported by angiographic studies, computed tomography, liver scanning and histology. Because of the poor results reported in the literature following medical treatment, portosystemic shunting was considered. At laparotomy, due to the huge caudate lobe hypertrophy, a mesocaval H-graft shunt was performed, using a 10 mm woven Impraflex graft. The patient is well, with normal liver function tests, 24 months following the procedure. PMID- 6629735 TI - Adrenal myelolipoma. AB - The case of a 46-year-old man with a 6 cm right adrenal myelolipoma is described. This benign tumor presents a "fatty" density at c.t. scan, and can be easily recognized at intraoperative biopsies. PMID- 6629736 TI - An experimental study on fluorocarbons as blood substitutes. AB - A fluorocarbon emulsion (Fluosol DA 20%) was experimented as a blood substitute. Fourty-five rats weighing 320 +/- 30 g. underwent different degrees of hemodilution, by isovolemic exanguino-transfusions. A first group (15 rats) had maximal exchange transfusion (Ht = 0,5%) with Fluosol DA 20% and was followed for 12 hours. A second group (15 rats) (control group) underwent the same procedure, but hydrolyzed gelatin 3% (Emagel) was used instead of Fluosol DA 20%. A third group (15 rats) had partial exchange-transfusion (Ht = 23 +/- 2%) with Fluosol DA 20%, and was followed for 2 months. Cerebral and cardiovascular activity, respiratory exchanges and acid-base balance as well as other basic biological parameters were evaluated in the first and second group. The initial signs of altered cerebral activity were observed with a Ht = 2%, while death occurred at Ht = 0,5% due to respiratory arrest. In the third group, a retention of fluorocarbon particles was demonstrated by gas chromatography in all the organs examined. In this group, lung and spleen lesions were also observed by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. PMID- 6629737 TI - Activation of macrophage function by intraperitoneal administration of the streptococcal antitumor agent OK-432. AB - Motility, adhesiveness, IL1 production, and inhibition of tumor cell growth in vitro were examined in murine peritoneal macrophages obtained after intraperitoneal injection of a streptococcal preparation OK-432, heat-inactivated OK-432 (HI-OK-432), and thioglycollate medium (TG). By varying the interval between intraperitoneal injection of OK-432 and the harvest of peritoneal macrophages, it was found that OK-432 induced a time-dependent multi-step alteration of these properties: step I increased motility on day 1: step II increased adhesiveness on day 2; and step II increased inhibition of tumor cell growth and IL1 production. During step III, the peritoneal macrophage population, including Ia-bearing cells, increased dramatically in the peritoneal cavities of OK-432-treated mice. In contrast, injection of either HI-OK-432 or TG, which lack antitumor activity in vivo, initiated steps I and II, but not step III. The Ia bearing macrophages induced by OK-432 showed high ability of IL1 production, but low growth inhibitory activity against tumor cells. Based on these results, OK 432 seems to be performing a dual function: eliciting a new population of macrophages to the site of injection (heat stable function), and inducing two different populations of antitumor macrophages and Ia-bearing macrophages (heat unstable function). PMID- 6629738 TI - Modulation of metabolism of cytosine arabinoside in L cells by antibody and complement. AB - Complement modulated the metabolic conversion of cytosine arabinoside into its nucleotide and nucleic acid derivatives in L cells by augmenting the biphasic effect (inhibitory/stimulatory) of anti-L cell antibody. Antibody in the absence of complement affected both the total cellular pool of cytosine arabinoside (containing the nucleotide and nucleic (DNA) acid derivatives) and the acid insoluble pool (containing the DNA derivative). Addition of complement in high concentrations inhibited and, in low concentrations, stimulated the incorporation of cytosine arabinoside into DNA of antibody stimulated L cells. At the point of maximum stimulation of cytosine arabinoside incorporation into DNA, there was a pronounced decrease in the size of the total cellular pool with the result that 75% of the total pool of cytosine arabinoside was due to its incorporation into DNA. Simultaneous measurements upon cytosine arabinoside and thymidine or deoxycytidine metabolism were made; the effects of antibody and complement appeared to be quite similar with all three nucleosides, with the exception that all thymidine and deoxycytidine taken up into the cells was incorporated into DNA. Addition of exogenous thymidine (up to 100 microM produced the same enhanced incorporation of [3H]Ara-C and [14H]dCyd into control cells that was observed in antibody and complement stimulated cells. Measurement of deoxycytidine kinase activity in cell-free extracts of cell cultures stimulated by antibody, however, did not reveal enhanced enzymatic activity due to stimulated enzyme synthesis, but, rather indicated that antibody and complement altered the intracellular concentrations of nucleotides which affected the interaction of cytosine arabinoside with deoxycytidine kinase in intact cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6629739 TI - Polyions regulate the alternative amplification pathway of complement. AB - Polyanion has previously been shown to inhibit generation of amplification pathway convertase of complement and to inhibit H-mediated decay of this complex. Polycations, protamine sulfate, and poly-l-lysine (PLL) were examined in this study for direct effects on alternative amplification pathway mechanisms and for ability to regulate polyanion-induced inhibiton; they were found to inhibit generation of EAC4b,3b,Bb, and EAC4b,3b,Bb,P in a dose-related manner. The generation of EAC4b,3b,B was also inhibited by higher doses but was augmented by lower doses of polycation. Polycation interfered with the effective consumption of B in the fluid phase, bound minimally to EAC4b,3b, and did not cause accelerated decay of a preformed convertase. Polycation diminished the ability of polyanion (heparin) to inhibit generation of both cell-bound and fluid-phase amplification pathway convertase. In contrast, polycation enhanced the ability of polyanion to cause decay of preformed convertase even though polycation had no effect itself. These studies demonstrate that both polyionic substances have the capacity to regulate amplification pathway mechanisms directly. PMID- 6629740 TI - Treating the jobless for free: do doctors have a special duty? PMID- 6629741 TI - Should child abuse always be reported? PMID- 6629742 TI - Living wills: when do they mean what they say they mean? PMID- 6629743 TI - Finally, final rules on children who become research subjects. PMID- 6629744 TI - Roe v. Wade reaffirmed. PMID- 6629746 TI - Blood: designated gifts, experimental therapy, and racial labels. PMID- 6629745 TI - The coercive power of drugs in sports. PMID- 6629747 TI - Can pleasure be bad for you? PMID- 6629748 TI - Why drug policy is so harsh. PMID- 6629749 TI - Leaving therapy to chance. PMID- 6629750 TI - Do vitamins prevent neural tube defects (and can we find out ethically)? PMID- 6629751 TI - The fetus is the only patient. PMID- 6629752 TI - Unjustified AID for the poor? PMID- 6629754 TI - Ethnic differentials in health in Hawaii. PMID- 6629753 TI - The professional-patient dialogue. PMID- 6629755 TI - Tubal ligation and mini-laparotomy in an outpatient setting. PMID- 6629756 TI - Vitamin E and oxygen toxicity in adult rats. PMID- 6629757 TI - Post-traumatic stress disorder. PMID- 6629758 TI - Pregnant addicts and health care. PMID- 6629759 TI - Creatinine. PMID- 6629760 TI - The indentations of law and psychiatry. PMID- 6629761 TI - Improved community colorectal cancer control, Kauai. PMID- 6629763 TI - Clinical characteristics of headache in Parkinson's disease. PMID- 6629762 TI - EEG markers of migraine in children and adults. PMID- 6629764 TI - Fetal demise in a migraine patient on propranolol. PMID- 6629765 TI - Absolute and proportional resting EMG levels in muscle contraction and migraine headache patients. PMID- 6629766 TI - Changes in EMG power spectra during fatigue in muscle contraction and migraine headache patients. PMID- 6629767 TI - Patient attitudes about headache. PMID- 6629768 TI - Locked-in syndrome with rapid recovery: a manifestation of basilar artery migraine? PMID- 6629769 TI - Tension headache patients: a comparison of a recruited subject sample and a clinic-based subject sample. PMID- 6629770 TI - [Thalidomide treatment of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6629771 TI - [Tar treatment in dermatology]. AB - There is a controversial discussion of the carcinogenic action of coal tar used as a therapeutic agent in dermatologic practice. The carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene is present in most coal tar preparations, and it is a potent inducer of the aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in liver and skin after topical application. The formation of the most reactive metabolite of benzo(a)pyrene is catalyzed by aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase hydroxylase. Topically used coal tar alters the mutagenicity of the urine indicating a systemic effect. These experimental data recommend to be very cautious in using coal tar as a therapeutic agent although there are only a few case reports on tumors after treatment with coal tar. PMID- 6629773 TI - [Clinico-histologic spectrum of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus]. AB - Report on several clinical and histological variants of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus by means of two cases. PMID- 6629772 TI - [Recent advances in American dermatology]. PMID- 6629774 TI - [Pemphigus vulgaris in childhood]. AB - Histological examination and immunofluorescence technique revealed the clinical diagnosis 'Erythema exudativum multiforme' as a real Pemphigus vulgaris of a 14 year-old boy. Early diagnosis and a large dose therapy of immunosuppressives agents decide on the survival of the patients. PMID- 6629775 TI - [Contact sensitization to an antiperspirant with the active ingredient propantheline bromide]. AB - In five patients developing axillary contact dermatitis subsequent to the use of an antiperspirant containing propantheline bromide patch testing was performed. Three patients reacted to propantheline bromide. The other two patients exhibited positive patch test reactions to the proprietary product; in these cases, the active ingredient was not tested individually. In all five patients, in addition to the antiperspirant, at least one other contact allergen was identified. In case of localized adverse reactions due to topical treatment of hyperhidrosis axillaris patch testing is recommended. If contact allergy to propantheline bromide is revealed, one should be aware of cross sensitization to methantheline bromide. PMID- 6629776 TI - 1976 Hanford americium exposure incident: overview and perspective. AB - Salient features of the 1976 Hanford americium exposure incident are discussed. Comparisons are made with previous human and animal exposure data, and conclusions drawn relative to the injured workman, to health physics practices, and to the adequacy of current exposure limits. PMID- 6629777 TI - 1976 Hanford americium exposure incident. PMID- 6629778 TI - 1976 Hanford americium exposure incident: accident description. AB - An accident is described which involved the explosion of an ion-exchange column containing about 100 g of 241Am. A chemical operator was injured in this accident, receiving acid burns and superficial cuts on the upper part of his body. From 1 to 5 Ci of 241Am is estimated to have been deposited on the injured worker and on his clothing. PMID- 6629779 TI - 1976 Hanford americium exposure incident: medical management and chelation therapy. AB - A chronological account is given of the general medical management of a patient involved in an americium exposure incident. PMID- 6629780 TI - 1976 Hanford americium exposure incident: psychological aspects. AB - Accidents involving exposure to radiation or radioactive materials may involve an unusual degree of emotional trauma. Methods that may be employed in dealing with such trauma are discussed in relation to a specific accident in which a radiation worker was injured and seriously contaminated with 241Am. PMID- 6629781 TI - 1976 Hanford americium exposure incident: external decontamination procedures. AB - An accident resulted in the deposition on an injured workman's skin surfaces, in acid-burned areas and in lacerations, of something in excess of 6 mCi 241Am. This paper describes the external decontamination procedures used, the change in americium content of the skin during the course of treatment, and some of the unusual problems encountered from the extrusion of foreign material and flaking of skin and scar tissue. PMID- 6629782 TI - 1976 Hanford americium exposure incident: decontamination and treatment facility. AB - An injured worker, contaminated with more than 6 mCi of 241Am required special treatment and housing for 4 months. This paper is a description of the design and management of the facility in which most of the treatment and housing occurred. The problems associated with contamination control, waste handling, supplies and radiological concerns during the two-stage transfer of the patient from a controlled situation to his normal living environment are discussed in detail. PMID- 6629783 TI - 1976 Hanford americium exposure incident: in vivo measurements. AB - Detailed external measurements were made of internally deposited 241Am in a nuclear chemical operator involved in an americium exposure accident at the Hanford plant. Despite some interference from high-level external contamination, quantitative measurements of the 241Am content in the lung, liver and bones were made starting on the third day after the accident. The rate of excretion of 241Am from these organs was determined. The 241Am embedded in the skin of the face and head was carefully mapped. The distribution over the total length of the body was also determined. Linear and rectilinear scanners, gamma cameras, large and small scintillation detectors, proportional counters, and Si(Li) and intrinsic germanium detectors were used to evaluate the internal deposition. Methods of calibration for quantitative measurement included simulation of the 241Am activity in both phantom and cadaver parts. PMID- 6629784 TI - 1976 Hanford americium exposure incident: organ burden and radiation dose estimates. AB - A Hanford worker received an intake of 241Am by skin absorption and inhalation which was later evaluated to be in excess of 1 mCi. The skin was the main pathway for introduction of 241Am into the body; however inhalation was also a significant pathway. Intensive DTPA therapy prevented 99% of 241Am which entered the blood stream from being deposited in the internal organs. Retention and distribution of 241Am in various internal organs and tissues was determined from sequential measurements in vivo using several arrangements of externally located scintillation detectors. The organ and tissue retention and distribution have been followed for longer than 5 yr. Excretion patterns and estimates of radiation dose to the lung, liver, bone and skin are described. PMID- 6629785 TI - 1976 Hanford americium exposure incident: hematologic effects. AB - Hematologic evaluation of an individual with an initial systemic body burden of approximately 200 mu Ci 241Am revealed a significant (P less than 0.01) reduction of total leukocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes. This effect on total leukocytes and neutrophils was evident approximately 30 days after exposure, appeared to stabilize at about 3 months after exposure, and remained at this lower level through a 52-month observation period. The effect on lymphocytes was apparent by 3 days after exposure, stabilizing at approximately 50% of pre-exposure values for about 7 months, with a return to pre-exposure levels in the following 4 yr. There was a progressive and significant (P less than 0.001) decline in platelet counts during the 52-month post-exposure period. The pattern of response in erythrocyte parameters was complex. Immediately after the accident, these values were less than the pre-exposure mean level; they gradually increased (P less than 0.001) for approximately 2 yr and then began a progressive decline (P less than 0.001). PMID- 6629786 TI - 1976 Hanford americium exposure incident: histologic and autoradiographic observations on skin. AB - Examination of biopsies from exposed and relatively unexposed areas of the face revealed changes that were consistent with actinic elastic degeneration associated with solar exposure, except in areas in which sources of alpha radiation were detected in the upper dermis. In those areas, particles judged to be ion-exchange resin were found within a few macrophages and extracellularly among connective tissue fibers. Elastic fibers in those areas showed more advanced degenerative change than fibers not closely associated with heavy concentrations of alpha radiation. PMID- 6629787 TI - 1976 Hanford americium exposure incident: urinary excretion of trace metals during DTPA treatments. AB - Urine samples from a person treated intravenously with diethyl enetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA) salts for 3 yr to promote the excretion of 241Am were assayed for 24 elements including almost all of the trace metals currently recognized as essential for good health. Zinc was found to be the only metal excreted more rapidly than normal. An 18-mg urinary loss of body zinc was found to be associated with each 1-g injection of Na3CaDTPA. Use of either Na3ZnDTPA or Na3CaDTPA combined with oral dosages of ZnSO4 appeared to completely compensate for this loss, and it is unlikely that the patient experienced any zinc deficiency due to the DTPA treatment. PMID- 6629788 TI - The impact of communications on the self-regulation of health beliefs, decisions, and behavior. AB - The models used in the study of communication and health behavior have changed from those describing how to impose health actions on relatively passive respondents to models describing how respondents regulate their own health practices. We have traced the change from the fear-drive model, which described how fear induced change, to the parallel response model, which described how subjects processed information and generated coping responses to solve the problem posed by both the objective health threat and by their subjective fear. The data supporting this change showed that increasing fear led to more favorable attitudes but that fear alone was insufficient to create action: Specific action instructions had to be added to both high and low fear and both combinations produced the same level of health action. Neither the data nor the parallel model specified what subjects learned about the threat that made exposure to a high or low fear message necessary for behavior change. The parallel response model has been elaborated into a more complete systems model and new studies show how health threats are represented. They have found attributes such as IDENTITY (label and symptoms), CAUSES, TIME LINES or duration, and CONSEQUENCES, that set goals and criteria to generate and evaluate problem solving (coping) behavior. Suggestions are made for applying this more complete model to public health practice. PMID- 6629789 TI - The application of health education principles to automobile child restraint programs. AB - Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of death in the United States for children over the age of one, killing 1,500 children under 5 years of age and injuring approximately 70,000 in 1980. The most effective preventive strategy for this problem is the proper and consistent use of child auto restraints. However, this behavior is practiced by less than 10% of parents. Even with educational efforts, loaner programs, and legislated mandates, the majority of children ride unprotected. The purpose of this paper is to describe the application of health education principles to the problem of childhood motor vehicle-related morbidity and mortality. This paper illustrates the use of the PRECEDE model for planning, implementing, and evaluating a comprehensive child restraint education and loaner program in Maryland. The educational diagnosis was based on a review of the child restraint-related literature as well as on an analysis of Maryland accident and safety data. The design and development of educational programs and materials to increase the proper and consistent use of car safety seats is described. In addition, program evaluation activities are outlined which will provide documentation of changes in car seat usage rates and trends in childhood morbidity and mortality from motor vehicle accidents in Maryland. PMID- 6629790 TI - A small group strategy for improving compliance behavior and blood pressure control. AB - A brief small group structured approach to improving compliance behavior and blood pressure control is described. The group intervention is based on the results of a diagnostic baseline survey of ambulatory hypertensive patients receiving care in an inner-city hospital. It was tailored to meet the expressed needs of that population group. Three main steps characterize the intervention: examining health behaviors and compliance issues with the patients using rehearsal of specific coping skills in problem solving activity; using Locus of Control concepts to facilitate process; and encouraging the patient to practice and apply the coping skills in stressful situations. Major themes within the group sessions and general outcomes are examined. PMID- 6629791 TI - Analysis of disability resulting from treatment including radical neck dissection or modified neck dissection. AB - A multiinstitutional study to define the impact of total treatment programs involving radical neck dissection (RND) and modified neck dissection (MND) on patients' permanent disability was undertaken. A total of 243 patient responses were included in the study. Comparative analyses between the treatment groups show no advantage of one surgical operation over the other in returning patients to their pretreatment employment status. Radiation therapy was identified as adding significantly to the patient's permanent disability. PMID- 6629792 TI - Scaling of disfigurement and dysfunction in postoperative head and neck patients. AB - The primary purpose of this investigation was to construct a quantitative scale to measure the perception of severity of visible disfigurement and dysfunction following ablative head and neck cancer surgery. Facial disfigurement and disruption of physical function induced by head and neck surgery pose formidable obstacles to the medical and psychosocial adaptation of cancer patients. Although this problem is widely acknowledged, virtually no research has attempted reliable and valid measurement of such concepts. Consequently, the present study investigated the psychological perceptions of 100 registered nurses regarding 11 disfiguring surgical procedures and loss of associated functions. Results indicated that the nurses' judgments of disfigurement and dysfunction were highly consistent and not a function of patient gender. Judgments of the severity of disfigurement, moreover, were independent of the perceived severity of associated dysfunction. It was concluded that this is a reliable method for measuring the relative degree of disfigurement and dysfunction and represents a critical precursor to prediction of a patient's psychological rehabilitation and compliance with medical care after surgery. PMID- 6629793 TI - Pharyngolaryngectomy with extrathoracic esophagectomy. AB - Fourteen patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx underwent total pharyngolaryngectomy and extrathoracic esophagectomy with primary pharyngogastric anastomosis. Histological examination of the resected specimens showed extensive submucosal spread into the cervical esophagus, necessitating a radical excision of the esophagus for adequate distal clearance. The results of this method of management are discussed. PMID- 6629794 TI - Postradiation dental extractions: a review of the literature and a report of 72 episodes. AB - This report outlines our experiences involving 72 episodes of postradiation dental extraction over an 11-year period. Bone exposures of 3 months or longer developed following 16 of the 72 postradiation extraction episodes (22%). The necrosis rate in the mandible was 29% (13 of 45) and in the maxilla was 11% (3 of 27). The risk of bone necrosis increased when the dose to bone exceeded 6,500 rad, and when 75% or more of the body of the mandible was within the radiation treatment volume. Five of the 13 mandibular bone necroses precipitated by postradiation extractions eventually required radical resection of the affected portion of the mandible. The remaining eight mandibular episodes healed with conservative measures. When possible, given the two above conditions, root canal therapy rather than dental extraction should be employed to resolve mandibular dental infection within the radiation field after radiotherapy. PMID- 6629795 TI - Face lift, part 2: Etiology of platysma cording and its relationship to treatment. AB - Based on examination of many necks and observations at surgery and on cadavers, we believe that "platysma cords"' or cervical folds are normal when the muscles are being contracted. In the aged, they do not disappear when the muscle is relaxed. We believe that they are caused by a stretching and loss of contractility of skin and fat overlying the anterior platysma muscles from aging and from the many contractions of these muscles which selectively stretch the overyling tissues. In addition, we believe that the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), which in youth holds the muscle strongly and closely to the confines of the concavity of the neck, stretches so that the muscle webs more easily out of the concavity when contracted and is returned less completely into it upon relaxation. Treatment and prevention should be directed toward tightening the skin and the SMAS and supporting the muscle in its retrodisplaced, more youthful position. PMID- 6629797 TI - Extrapharyngeal (anterolateral) approach to the cervical spine. AB - The extrapharyngeal approach to the anterior cervical spine is a safe, rapid surgical exposure. Other surgical exposures such as the posterior, lateral, and intraoral (transpharyngeal) have inherent limitations that this approach avoids. By going anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle and great vessels, the surgical exposure of the anterior cervical spine is wide and the vital structures of the neck are visualized and not injured. We have used this extrapharyngeal approach to treat various disease states of the anterior cervical spine, such as trauma, osteomyelitis, neoplasia, and degenerative disease. Major complications have been neural injury, and pharyngeal fistula. PMID- 6629796 TI - Correction of cervical esophageal stricture using an axial island cheek flap. AB - Chronic strictures of the cervical esophagus after laryngectomy and radiation therapy pose a difficult problem in reconstructive surgery. Most conventional operations for cervical esophageal reconstruction are not well suited to the treatment of stricture because of lack of mucosal surface, or because of bulky tissues that awkwardly fit around the tracheal stoma. This report describes our experience with a new operation designed to correct this defect. We transposed an island full-thickness cheek flap, which included an inner lining of mucosa and outer covering of skin. The flap was based on the facial artery and vein, and used as a patch to the stricture area. Normal swaLlowing and excellent cosmetic appearance were achieved. There has been minor numbness of the corner of the upper lip. This flap has excellent reach, and may have multiple applications to reconstruction problems in the head and neck. PMID- 6629798 TI - Benign osteoblastoma of the maxillary sinus. AB - Benign osteoblastoma is an uncommon fibro-osseous neoplasm with a predilection for the vertebrae and long bones, and a 2-to-1 male-to-female ratio of occurrence. Peak incidence occurs in the second decade, with 80% of all patients being under 30 years of age. The clinical, radiographic, and histologic presentation of a large maxillary sinus osteoblastoma is reviewed. Preoperative embolization of this vascular neoplasm is advocated. PMID- 6629800 TI - [Shock. Hypovolemic-traumatic and septic shock. 18th meeting of the Austrian Society for Accident Surgery and the Austrian Society for Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care. 20 September-2 October 1982, Salzburg. Congress proceedings]. PMID- 6629799 TI - Parathyroid gland transplantation after total thyroidectomy with pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy. AB - Surgical treatment of extensive hypopharyngeal carcinoma often includes total thyroidectomy together with resection of the primary disease. The risk of removing or damaging the parathyroid glands is considerable; this may render the patient permanently hypoparathyroid with all the problems of management. These patients must be on lifelong supplementation and at times, due to failure to take the medication, hypocalcemic crises are precipitated. To avoid this problem, we have been identifying the parathyroid glands intraoperatively and, after pathological confirmation, have transplanted them to the forearm. Three patients who underwent this procedure are presented. All are normocalcemic without supplementation and parathyroid hormone assays on serum from the transplanted forearm show significantly elevated levels. PMID- 6629801 TI - [Effect of modern, radiological systems on the diagnostic sequence in kidney injuries]. PMID- 6629802 TI - [Conservative treatment of blunt kidney injuries]. PMID- 6629803 TI - [Injuries of the ureter caused by external forces]. PMID- 6629804 TI - [Rupture of the bladder in blunt abdominal injuries]. PMID- 6629805 TI - [Injuries of the lower urogenital tract in pelvic fractures and symphyseal ruptures]. PMID- 6629806 TI - [Intrapelvic urethral rupture]. PMID- 6629807 TI - [Amputation of the penis: 2 reconstructive methods]. PMID- 6629808 TI - [Operative therapy and results in penis fractures]. PMID- 6629809 TI - [Lasix-induced forced diuresis following transuretral resection]. PMID- 6629810 TI - [Thrombosis following urologic operations despite low-dose heparin prophylaxis - hemostaseologic studies]. PMID- 6629811 TI - [Treatment of condylomata acuminata in the distal urethra using 5-FU ointment instillations]. PMID- 6629812 TI - [Angiomyolipoma of the kidney]. PMID- 6629813 TI - [Is conventional heterosexual hormone therapy in metastasizing prostate cancer still justified?]. PMID- 6629814 TI - [Multifactorial genesis of urolithiasis in patients with enteral hyperoxaluria]. PMID- 6629815 TI - [Kidney lesions, calculi and urinary infections]. PMID- 6629816 TI - [Recurrent calcium lithiasis: tubular acidosis and urinary citrate]. PMID- 6629818 TI - [Sonographic determination of residual urine]. PMID- 6629817 TI - [The value of iodine-131 diuresis renography in the follow-up of pyeloplasty]. PMID- 6629819 TI - [Computer-tomography guided puncture of the retroperitoneal space]. PMID- 6629820 TI - [Ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephro-pyelostomy]. PMID- 6629821 TI - [Percutaneous nephrostomy: technic and possibilities for application]. PMID- 6629822 TI - Hemoglobin Quin-Hai, beta 78 (EF2) Leu replaced by Arg, a new abnormal hemoglobin found in Guangdong, China. AB - An electrophoretically slowly moving hemoglobin variant, Hb Quin-Hai was found in an 8-year-old boy and in his father, during a survey for abnormal hemoglobins in Quin-Hai County, Hainan Island, Guangdong, P.R.C. Both carriers were clinically and hematologically normal. Structural studies indicated a new variant beta 78 (EF2) Leu replaced by Arg. PMID- 6629823 TI - A new hemoglobin with high oxygen affinity--hemoglobin bunbury: alpha 2 beta 2 [94 (FG1) Asp replaced by Asn]. AB - Hemoglobin Bunbury was detected in an Italian woman from Bunbury, Western Australia, following detection of an abnormal hemoglobin by electrophoresis. The variant form accounted for 38% of the total hemoglobin and migrated on cellulose acetate electrophoresis between HbS and HbA. Structural analysis demonstrated a new substitution in the beta chain, beta 94 Asp replaced by Asn. Hemoglobin Bunbury is stable to both heat and isopropanol denaturation. This variant shows an increase in oxygen affinity and a reduced Bohr effect. Heterozygosity for Hb Bunbury produces no clinical symptoms or compensatory erythrocytosis. PMID- 6629824 TI - Hemoglobin Maputo: a new beta-chain variant (alpha 2 beta 2 47 (CD6) Asp replaced by Tyr) in combination with hemoglobin S, identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). AB - During a routine hematological investigation, a slowly-moving hemoglobin variant was detected in a 2-year-old child from Maputo (Mozambique) in combination with hemoglobin S. Structural studies carried out by HPLC demonstrated a previously unreported amino acid substitution, beta 47 (CD6) Asp replaced by Tyr. The new hemoglobin variant has been named hemoglobin Maputo. PMID- 6629825 TI - Hb A2-Manzanares or alpha 2 delta 2 121 (GH4) Glu replaced by Val, an unstable delta chain variant observed in a Spanish family. AB - A slowly moving variant of Hb A2 was present in a 25-year-old Spanish woman and her mother, and was found to have a Glu replaced by Val substitution at position 121 of the delta chain. The variant was unstable and precipitated gradually during anion exchange chromatography. The effect of this substitution on the stability of the protein is apparently more severe for Hb A2 than for Hb A because Hb Beograd (beta 121 Glu replaced by Val) has normal physicochemical properties. PMID- 6629826 TI - Hb A2-Zagreb or alpha 2 delta 2(125)(H3)Gln replaced by Glu, a new delta chain variant in association with delta beta-thalassemia. AB - The structural identification of a new delta chain variant is described. The abnormal Hb A2 was found in two members of a family from Zagreb, Yugoslavia. The propositus also had a delta beta-thalassemia heterozygosity. PMID- 6629827 TI - Hb Chesapeake [alpha 92 (FG 4) Arg replaced by Leu] and Hb J Cape Town [alpha 92 (FG 4) Arg leads to Gln] first discovered in Japanese. PMID- 6629828 TI - Hb Summer Hill or alpha 2 beta 2(52)(D3)Asp replaced by His in a Turkish family from Cyprus. PMID- 6629829 TI - Hb St. Luke's [alpha 95 (G2) Pro replaced by Arg] in Japan. PMID- 6629830 TI - Hb Brisbane (beta 68 (E12) Leu replaced by His) is unstable. PMID- 6629831 TI - Hemoglobinopathies in Israel. AB - A survey of the various hemoglobinopathies in Israel is reported. The information was supplied from 13 hematology services throughout the country and from the Ministry of Health. The common hemoglobinopathies encountered were the thalassemias and sickle cell anemia. In addition, hemoglobin C and O Arab were found in isolated communities. Sporadic cases of hemoglobin Hasharon, hemoglobin D, hemoglobin NYU were also found. The thalassemic patients originated mainly from Kurdistan, Yemen and Iraq, while the sickle cell patients were mainly Moslem Arabs or Bedouins. PMID- 6629832 TI - International Hemoglobin Information Center: Alphabetical hemoglobin variant list. PMID- 6629833 TI - The exclusion of restrictive lung disease by spirometric criteria in patients with a reduced forced vital capacity. PMID- 6629834 TI - Diabetes control and complications trial. PMID- 6629835 TI - Comments on office management of the insulin-requiring diabetic patient: a preferred alternative to hospitalization. PMID- 6629836 TI - Current management of pregnancy in the diabetic: a team approach. PMID- 6629837 TI - Plasma lipid abnormalities in diabetes mellitus: observations on HDL cholesterol and recommendations for the management of lipid abnormalities. PMID- 6629838 TI - Role of carbohydrate in the composition of Aureofungin A & B. PMID- 6629839 TI - 'In vitro' efficacy of tetracyclines against betelvine Phytophthora. PMID- 6629840 TI - Antagonistic activity of Chainia flava Thirum, against Pseudomonas solanacearum, causing brown-rot of potato in India. PMID- 6629841 TI - Effect of antibiotics on certain cell wall degrading enzymes of Rhizopus nodosus and Phytophthora nicotianae. PMID- 6629842 TI - Polysaccharide production by certain antibiotic resistant mutants of Rhizobium sp (Cowpea miscellany). PMID- 6629843 TI - Effect of growing conditions on protein content and amino acid composition of Arthrobacter simplex. PMID- 6629844 TI - Crude leaf extracts of some wild plants as insect repellents/insecticides. PMID- 6629845 TI - Studies on the efficacy of some fungicides against five phytopathogenic fungi in the laboratory. PMID- 6629847 TI - Effects of ultraviolet radiation on the spores of Aspergillus ochraceus NRRL 405. PMID- 6629846 TI - A new trihydroxy compound obtained by the transformation of progesterone using Aspergillus ochraceus NRRL 405 spores. PMID- 6629848 TI - On a peculiar dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum gypseum. PMID- 6629849 TI - Long term effect of antibiotics on glutathione and ceruloplasmin content in the rat. PMID- 6629850 TI - Micromonospora chalcea var. acellulolytica var, nov. PMID- 6629851 TI - Histochemistry of complex carbohydrates in the hairy skin of the domestic pig. AB - The hairy skin from eleven body areas of the domestic pig has been studied by means of a series of selected methods for the detection of complex carbohydrates, including peroxidase-labelled lectin-diaminobenzidine procedures. The results obtained were most distinctive in the areas where the skin accessories were involved. The complex carbohydrates in the epidermis appear to be acidic and neutral glycoproteins containing a small amount of sialic acid residues. The dermal connective tissue fibres revealed positive reactions for neutral and acidic glycoproteins with notable amounts of sialic acid residues, and for proteoglycans. In different parts of the hair follicle, neutral and acidic glycoproteins were also present, most being restricted to the connective tissue sheath and the dermal papilla. In the lower regions of the outer epithelial root sheath the epithelium contained a large amount of glycogen. The sebaceous glands reacted very weakly for neutral and acidic glycoproteins. The apocrine glands exhibited mostly neutral but also acidic glycoproteins in the secretory cells and the lumenal secretion, with substantial amounts of various saccharide residues. PMID- 6629852 TI - Studies on the phenazine methosulphate-tetrazolium salt capture reaction in NAD(P)+-dependent dehydrogenase cytochemistry. I. Localization artefacts caused by the escape of reduced co-enzyme during cytochemical reactions for NAD(P)+ dependent dehydrogenases. AB - The correct localization of oxidative enzymes using cytochemical tetrazolium methods, in which low molecular weight electron carriers such as NAD(P)H and reduced phenazine methosulphate (PMSH) are used, can be endangered by the escape of the reduced intermediates before they react to form the insoluble formazan at the true enzyme-containing sites. To investigate this phenomenon, the glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase reaction was studied in fixed erythrocytes which, because of their microscopic dimensions, are well-suited for studying the loss of intermediates. A mixture of active and heat-inactivated fixed erythrocytes was incubated in a PMS-supplemented medium for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The cytophotometric histograms showed that the final formazan precipitate was equally distributed over both active and inactivated cells. When bovine serum albumin was added to the medium, all the formazan was found to be bound to this protein and the erythrocytes remained essentially unstained. The false localization in this system could be explained by an unfavourable balance between the capture of electrons carried by NADPH within the erythrocyte and the diffusion of NADPH out of the erythrocyte. The rate constant of NADPH oxidation was determined, as was also the diffusion constant of NADPH in a protein matrix. Substituting the data obtained into formulae derived from the enzyme cytochemical localization theory of Holt & O'Sullivan (1958), it was calculated that the capture reaction was highly deficient and, theoretically, less than 1% of the total amount of formazan produced was localized within the erythrocyte which explains the false localization observed. The importance of these findings for the cytochemical demonstration of NAD(P)+-dependent dehydrogenases in cells and electropherograms is briefly discussed. PMID- 6629853 TI - Studies on the phenazine methosulphate-tetrazolium capture reaction in NAD(P)+ dependent dehydrogenase cytochemistry. II. A novel hypothesis for the mode of action of PMS and a study of the properties of reduced PMS. AB - The results in the preceding paper have shown that the PMS-tetrazolium capture reaction as such is not sufficient to guarantee a correct localization of formazan in microscopically small dehydrogenase sites. For cytochemical reactions where the application of PMS leads to increased formazan formation, it is proposed that PMS functions not on its own, but as an efficient acceptor of NAD(P)H-oxidizing flavoproteins and thus increases the local NAD(P)H tetrazolium oxidoreductase activity. For the redox mediator vitamin K3 this type of mechanism could be proven with rat liver fractions. The relatively rapid NADPH oxidation precluded such simple experiments with PMS. An indication of such a stimulation by PMS was, however, obtained with soluble rat liver fraction. As escape of reducing equivalents from the site might also occur at the level of reduced PMS (PMSH) the solubility properties of PMSH were studied. It was found that PMSH has a low solubility in aqueous media and is hydrophobic. On basis of these findings a 'post-tetrazolium reduction' method seemed possible and could be experimentally confirmed. PMID- 6629854 TI - Differences of adenylate cyclase localization in guinea-pig peritoneal macrophages under different physiological conditions: an ultracytochemical study. AB - The ultrastructural localization of adenylate cyclase activity has been investigated in unfixed guinea-pig peritoneal macrophages in different physiological states (such as suspension, adhesion and phagocytosis) using a medium containing 5'-adenylyl-imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP) as the substrate. Adenylate cyclase activity was observed in cytoplasmic vacuoles of macrophages in suspension; in the perinuclear space, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex and pseudopods of adherent macrophages; and surrounding phagocytosed polystyrene particles. The activity was inhibited by Alloxan added to the incubation medium and no staining was observed when AMP-PNP was omitted from the medium. The segregation of this enzyme to phagocytic vacuoles and pseudopods may have significant implications in understanding cyclic nucleotide function in adhesion and phagocytosis. PMID- 6629855 TI - Nuclear changes induced by the nematode Longidorus elongatus in root-tips of ryegrass, Lolium perenne. AB - The plant ectoparasitic nematode Longidorus elongatus induces distinct changes in the root-tip nuclei of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). There was an initial shift in DNA content into the 4C category, followed by further increases with values intermediate between 8C and 16C present after eight days. Nuclear size was reduced after six days due to increased nuclear division during hyperplasia. Nuclear DNA content and size decreased in galls older than eight days as a result of nuclear disintegration induced by L. elongatus. In cells near to the feeding site, nuclei became split into several, small globules. In more distant nuclei DNA-containing material became dispersed throughout the cytoplasm. In the oldest galls, cells were largely devoid of nuclei. PMID- 6629856 TI - Lead toxicity in the pregnant rat. II. Effects of low-level lead on delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity in maternal and fetal blood or tissue. PMID- 6629857 TI - Changes in sleep cycle and EEG of rats exposed to 4000 ppm toluene for four weeks. PMID- 6629858 TI - Changes in sleep-waking rhythms of rats following a single injection of toluene. PMID- 6629859 TI - A nationwide survey on organic solvent components in various solvent products: Part 1. Homogeneous products such as thinners, degreasers and reagents. PMID- 6629860 TI - A nationwide survey on organic solvent components in various solvent products: Part 2. Heterogeneous products such as paints, inks and adhesives. PMID- 6629861 TI - An investigation of the Medical Data Index (MDI) health questionnaire given to women VDT workers involved in advanced office automation--924 women clerks in a city bank with head and branch offices. PMID- 6629862 TI - Data recording system for industrial hygiene information--environmental condition records and medical examination records of workplaces. PMID- 6629863 TI - [Preoperative radiotherapy of squamous cell carcinoma in the area of the larynx, oropharynx and mouth]. PMID- 6629864 TI - [Classification and evaluation of non-Hodgkin lymphomas and their manifestations in the ENT area]. AB - Lennert's classification of non-Hodgkin-lymphomas is introduced including a brief explanation of certain ENT aspects. The problems of the prognosis, therapy and a staging have an increasing interest for the ENT physician. Particular clinical pictures of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in the head and neck region are described. PMID- 6629865 TI - [Cytomorphologic and cytophotometric studies in malignant midline reticulosis]. AB - Biopsies of two patients with a clinical diagnosis of lethal midline granuloma were examined by electron microscopy, histology and cytology. Morphological changes included necrosis, inflammation, and infiltration of atypical histiocytic cells. Judging by the cellular characteristics, the DNA-content and -distribution pattern, this localised, invasive and destructive lesion is a low-grade malignant histiocytic tumour. Our results show that final tumour diagnosis can only be established by special cytological methods. PMID- 6629866 TI - [Photodocumentation of intra-arterial infusions using fluorescein]. AB - Intra-arterial chemotherapy was given to 12 patients with Head and Neck tumours with the aim of selective perfusion of the tumour area, usually located in the area of supply of the lingual and/or facial artery. A catheter was inserted retrograde into the external carotid artery. The skin or mucous membrane area thus selectively infused by the antineoplastic drug and fluorescein solution could be controlled and documented using an excitation- and barrier filter. Serial photographs were used to demonstrate the higher fluorescence in the perfused area during the intra-arterial infusion lasting 60 or 90 minutes. The use of a balloon catheter increased the selectivity of the fluorescent region. At the end of the infusion the fluorescence disappeared rapidly. From our findings we conclude that it is possible to produce a selective higher concentration of a substance in the tumour during the intra-arterial infusion. PMID- 6629867 TI - [Malignant salivary gland tumors. Effect of histology and site on prognosis]. AB - From 1965-1975 we treated 207 patients with malignant tumors of the salivary glands. While the localization of these tumors (minor salivary glands, submandibular gland, parotid gland) had no distinct influence on their prognosis, the influence of the histological tumor type is substantial. After histological reclassification of all tumors with grading of differentiation of adenoid cystic carcinomas (tubular, solid, cribriform), mucoepidermoid and acinic cell carcinomas (both well-, respectively poorly differentiated) we could establish 4 different prognostic groups by observing the respective determinate survival rates. The most favorable prognosis is found for tubular adenoid cystic carcinomas, well-differentiated acinic cell and mucoepidermoid carcinomas (5 year survival rate 100%), followed by the solid and cribriform adenoid cystic carcinomas, the poorly differentiated acinic cell carcinomas and the salivary duct carcinomas (5 year survival rate about 65%). With 5 year survival rates of 40%, the adenocarcinomas, poorly differentiated mucoepidermoid carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas have a poor prognosis, and the prognosis of the carcinomas in pleomorphic adenoma and of undifferentiated carcinomas is even poorer with a 5 year survival rate of 25%. PMID- 6629868 TI - [Also consider cancer in young patients]. PMID- 6629869 TI - [Microsurgical neurolysis of the 8th cranial nerve in cochleo-vestibular disorders using an extended transtemporal approach]. AB - A series of 17 patients suffering from progressive cochleovestibular disturbances (8), severe attacks of Meniere's disease (5), progressive or sudden sensori neural deafness (2), vestibular neuronitis (1) or unbearable tinnitus (1) is reported. The eighth cranial nerve was exposed from its root at the brainstem to its exit into the fundus of the internal auditory canal (CAI), by an extended middle fossa approach. The surgical technique and the intraoperative observations are described. All cases showed morphological abnormalities such as neuro vascular compression of the nerve by arterial or venous vessels, either at the brainstem or laterally at the CAI. Horizontal or vertical dislocations of the nerve were also noticed. Traction, compression or even strangulation of the nerve fibres or of their accompanying vessels may be co-factors of the functional disturbances. Striking improvement of the vestibular disorders was recorded following neurolysis of the eighth nerve, showing that retrolabyrinthine abnormalities may be possible causes of Meniere's disease and other supposedly labyrinthine disorders. The preliminary results regarding hearing and tinnitus were hitherto unsatisfactory. This fact may be explained by the, as yet, imperfect technique of neurolysis. PMID- 6629870 TI - [Injury of the interorbital space: II. Therapy. Pathology and therapy of the traumatic telecanthus]. AB - The surgical treatment of lesions of the interorbital area belongs to the field of the rhinologist. Treatment options have been extended in recent years by technical advances. These include the extension of microsurgery to the base of the skull and the use of fibrin tissue glue. We have also had experience of an osteosynthetic material. Stable fixation of the antero-lateral walls of the interorbital space have esthetic advantages and functions as compared with interosseous wiring. An abutment is formed to support the upper jaw, and, with this, circular periorbital bony reconstruction is achieved. PMID- 6629871 TI - [Paranasal sinusitis in children]. AB - Sinus x-rays were taken of all children admitted for surgery to the ENT Department of Bochum for one year. 43.9% of 273 children and 29% of 14 healthy control children showed opacities of the maxillary sinuses. As described previously, sinusitis in childhood produces few symptoms. Patients with nasal obstruction due to adenoids did not show a higher incidence of pathological changes on sinus x-rays. Children with sinusitis did not have a higher rate of combined chronic otitis media, chronic bronchitis and chronic tonsillitis than the patients without pathological changes on the sinus x-rays. PMID- 6629872 TI - [Osteomyelitis of the turbinates and its significance in chronic sinusitis]. AB - We described the treatment of hyperplasia of the turbinate by sub-mucous resection of the inferior turbinate in 1981. The conchal bones removed were examined, and a histological study is now presented. In most cases we found a nonbacterial inflammation of the bone marrow of the inferior turbinate. The bearing of this and other changes in the bone marrow on the increase in size of the bone causing reduced ventilation of the nose and the paranasal sinuses, leading to sinusitis are discussed. PMID- 6629873 TI - [Clinical functional diagnosis of obstructed nasal respiration]. AB - The quality of clinical functional diagnostic concerning obstructed nasal respiration is subject to the diagnostic unity of anamnesis, inspection and rhinomanometry. Only then one can understand the pathological value of a respiratory obstruction, which consists of the objectifiable permeability and one subjective factor. Indispensable for making the permeability objective are a standardized functional measuring gauge, the application of the laws of physics concerning flux and rhinomanometry. This is the only way in which we shall succeed in getting definite diagnoses and in reaching the comparability of our diagnostic and therapeutical actions. PMID- 6629874 TI - [Comparison of rhinomanometric methods]. AB - The advantages and disadvantages of the most important rhinomanometric methods which have become commercially available in the last decade are discussed. This review should assist those interested in adding rhinomanometry to their methods of assessment in allergy and conservative or surgical treatment of nasal disease. PMID- 6629875 TI - The onset of binocular function in human infants. AB - Visual evoked potentials (VEP) elicited by a dynamic random-dot correlogram were used to assess the development of cortical binocular function in infant subjects. In a group of newborn infants who showed a VEP for a comparable non-binocular stimulus, none showed evidence of binocular function. A further group of infants were tested longitudinally, starting between 35-50 days. The median age for the first evidence of binocular function in this group was 91 days, with individual variation from 54 to at least 105 days. PMID- 6629876 TI - Visual plasticity as revealed in the two-dimensional modulation transfer function of a meridional amblyope. AB - The mammalian visual system is known to have considerable maturational plasticity, since the characteristics of early visual experience can have lasting effects on the organization and functioning of the visual cortex. One example which reveals this property is meridional amblyopia, an abnormal dependence of visual contrast sensitivity on orientation; it is demonstrably neural in origin and is presumed to reflect the redistribution of orientation-selective mechanisms in the visual cortex in response to anisotropic visual input during development. An unusual case of this abnormality was studied with two-dimensional (2D) Fourier techniques in a meridional amblyope having no history of significant astigmatism since the age of five. Modulation transfer function and point-spread surfaces were computed for comparison with a normal subject in both the 2D spatial frequency domain and the 2D space domain, based on contrast sensitivity measurements spanning the Fourier plane by radial and angular cross-sections as well as a 2D Cartesian sampling lattice. Contrary to the generalization that meridional amblyopia is only found in continuing astigmats, this case suggests the potency of transient infant astigmatism to induce permanent neural anisotropy. PMID- 6629877 TI - Movement-related potentials preceding toe plantarflexion and dorsiflexion. AB - The cerebral potentials associated with self-paced rapid dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the left toes were compared in the same experiment using 10 subjects 5 of whom were female and 5 of whom were male. The EEG was recorded from C3, C1, Cz, C2 and C4 including computed bipolar recordings C4/C3 and C2/C1. For both kinds of movements, the Bereitschaftspotential (BP) or readiness potential was bilaterally symmetrical in the first half of the foreperiod. In the later foreperiod, an ipsilateral preponderance of negativity (IPN) developed. The direction of toe movement had no effect on the IPN. The etiology of the paradoxical BP side preponderance prior to toe movements is discussed which can probably be referred to the unique dipole orientation of a generator situated on the mesial cortical surface in the depth of the interhemispherical fissure. PMID- 6629878 TI - The time course of slow wave sleep and REM sleep in habitual long and short sleepers: effect of prior wakefulness. AB - Three groups of young good sleepers were selected according to their habitual sleep length as short (SS), regular (RS), or long (LS) sleepers. Their sleep was recorded in three situations: reference nights, a recovery sleep night after 36 h of sleep deprivation, and a sleep night after a morning sleep recovery from sleep deprivation (12 h waking time). Total and cycle-by-cycle amounts of slow wave sleep (SWS) and REM sleep were studied both as a function of experimental conditions and of the group of subjects. In all three conditions, LS had less SWS than other sleepers while the differences in SWS amounts between groups were mainly due to different amounts in the second and third cycles, differences between conditions essentially due to variations of SWS within sleep cycle 1 (SWS1). SWS1 appeared to reflect some physiological process whose level increases during waking and declines during sleep. REM sleep proved to be proportional to sleep length. PMID- 6629879 TI - Rheoencephalographic concomitants of cognitive engagement in nonpatients and schizophrenics. An exploratory study. AB - Noninvasive cranial impedance plethysmographic, or rheoencephalography (REG), characteristics are reported to be well correlated with cerebral blood flow. This paper reports an exploratory study, in which we recorded REGs from four locations over each hemisphere in 16 nonpatients and 16 medicated schizophrenics under four conditions: eyes closed, eyes open, and following performance of the Seashore Rhythms and Wisconsin Sorting Tests. REG (Jacquy F index) values were greater anteriorly than posteriorly under all conditions. F index differed regionally between card sorting and eyes open conditions. With card sorting, F values of nonpatients increased more in the left than right hemisphere; schizophrenics showed the reverse hemispheric effect. Card sorting performance scores were positively correlated with regional F index changes in nonpatients, but not in schizophrenics. The results suggest that the REG may reflect regional cerebral effects associated with cognition and psychopathology. PMID- 6629880 TI - Leiomyoblastoma of the stomach: report of a case and review of the literature. PMID- 6629881 TI - Ultrasonographic features of primary carcinoma of the gallbladder: a diagnostic dilemma. PMID- 6629882 TI - Gastroduodenal Crohn's disease with radiographic, endoscopic, and histologic correlation. PMID- 6629883 TI - Spontaneous iliac artery-inferior vena caval fistula: rare complication of ruptured abdominal aneurysm. PMID- 6629884 TI - Plummer-Vinson syndrome: report of a case and review of the literature. PMID- 6629885 TI - Gastrocolic fistula secondary to benign gastric ulcer: report of a case and review of the literature. PMID- 6629886 TI - Presidential Address of the 24th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Therapeutic Radiologists: carcinoma of the prostate, a vexing biological and clinical enigma. PMID- 6629887 TI - Influence of biopsy on the prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma--a critical study of biopsy from the nasopharynx and cervical lymph node of 649 patients. AB - Most of the nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) are histopathologically either poorly differentiated or undifferentiated. After radiotherapy, hematogenous spread is the chief cause of failure for these patients. Biopsies taken from the nasopharynx or the enlarged neck nodes should be performed to establish diagnosis before radiotherapy. The present study was done to ascertain whether the biopsy procedure would affect the final outcome of this malignancy, and to establish certain criteria for clinicians as they endeavor to correctly diagnose and prepare the patients for treatment. Six hundred and forty-nine of 702 NPC patients treated in our hospital from March 1958 through 1972 were analyzed for this purpose and the results are as follows: For patients with fixed and partially fixed neck nodes, the interval between the first biopsy and radiotherapy, the number of times or frequency of biopsy either taken from the nasopharynx or the lymph node and the type of biopsy done on the lymph node did not influence the prognosis. For patients with or without only movable neck nodes, the interval between the first biopsy from the nasopharynx and radiotherapy influenced the final outcome. Patients who received radiotherapy within 14 days after biopsy had a five year survival of 61% (42/69), which is better than that of the patients who started their treatment beyond the 15th day (47.5%-58/122). This is statistically significant (p less than 0.05). The number of times or frequency of biopsy taken from the nasopharynx before radiotherapy did not influence the result of treatment. The interval, therefore, and not the frequency, is important in the biopsy from the nasopharynx. For patients with movable lymph nodes, partial excision of the node gave a poorer five year survival (22%-2/9) than that of patients on whom complete excision was done (50% 9/18). Therefore, complete excision of the node is advised for patients with movable neck node metastasis. PMID- 6629888 TI - Thoracic CT scanning for mediastinal Hodgkin's disease: results and therapeutic implications. AB - Thoracic CT scans were performed on 42 newly diagnosed patients with Hodgkin's disease. Five of 10 patients with negative chest X ray (CXR) had abnormal thoracic CT scans. Among the remaining 32 patients with mediastinal Hodgkin's disease (MHD) on CXR, pericardial (Ep) and chest wall invasion (Ec) were the two most common sites of involvement which were detectable by CT scan alone. All 14 cases with Ep had M/T greater than or equal to 0.30 and 14 of 21 with M/T greater than or equal to 0.30 had Ep. Six cases had extensive Ec. Ep and Ec accounted for 16 of 19 of the changes in treatment portal or philosophy based on CT scan findings. Because of the high risk of cardiac or pulmonary radiation toxicity in Ep or Ec, radiation treatment alone may be inadequate. Treatment of mediastinal Hodgkin's disease is reviewed here. The use of CT scans for identification of Ep, Ec, and other abnormalities will allow for more precise treatment, further define the use of conventional radiotherapy, combined modality therapy or whole lung irradiation, and allow more accurate analysis of treatment results. PMID- 6629889 TI - Radiation therapy of primary vaginal carcinoma. AB - Primary carcinoma of the vagina is rare, constituting only 1 to 2% of all neoplasms arising in the female genital tract. From 1950-1974, 36 patients with carcinoma of the vagina were treated with radiation at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC); 35 (96%) had epidermoid carcinoma and one patient (4%) had adenocarcinoma. These patients were staged according to FIGO. Fourteen patients (39%) were Stage I; six patients (17%) were Stage II; three patients (8%) were Stage III; and 13 patients (36%) were Stage IV. Nine patients (25%) were treated with external radiation and interstitial implant; seven patients (20%) were treated with interstitial implant alone; nine patients (25%) were treated with external radiation alone and 11 patients (30%) with external radiation and intracavitary radiation. The five year NED survival was 71% in Stage I, 66% in Stage II, 33% in Stage III and 0% in Stage IV. This paper discusses radiotherapy management of primary carcinoma of the vagina. PMID- 6629890 TI - Pathologic effects of fractionated fast neutrons or photons on the pancreas, pylorus and duodenum of dogs. AB - Thirty-nine adult male Beagles received either fast neutron or photon irradiation to the right thorax to determine the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of fast neutrons on normal pulmonary tissue. The right anterior abdomen was included in the field of radiation. Twenty-four dogs (six/group) received fast neutrons with an average energy of 15 MeV to total doses of 1000, 1500, 2250 or 3375 rad in four fractions per week for six weeks. Fifteen dogs received 3000, 4500 or 6750 rad of photons (five/group) in an identical fractionation pattern. All neutron irradiated dogs receiving 3375 and 2250 rad and one receiving 1500 rad developed clinical signs of pancreatic, hepatic and gastrointestinal disturbances. The liver enzymes of these dogs became elevated and they died or were euthanatized in extremis 47-367 days after irradiation. Only one 6750 rad photon dog developed similar signs and died 708 days post-irradiation. Five neutron and 10 photon exposed dogs died of other causes. Neutron-induced lesions in the stomach and duodenum included hemorrhages, erosions, ulcerations and fibrosis. Ulcers perforated the GI tract of five dogs. Pancreatic lesions included degranulation and necrosis of acinar cells, fibrosis ans atrophy. Islet cells were not obviously damaged. All lesions were associated with degenerative and occlusive vascular changes. The RBE of fast neutrons, assessed by clinical signs, gross and microscopic pathology, is approximately 3-4.5 for pancreas and about 4.5 for pylorus and duodenum. PMID- 6629891 TI - Misonidazole neurotoxicity in mice decreased by administration with pyridoxine. AB - A series of toxicological and pharmacological experiments was performed to test the hypothesis that alterations of pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) metabolism may play an important role in the development of misonidazole (MISO) neurotoxicity. The formation of a Schiff's base between the final reduction product of MISO, 2-amino MISO (NH2-MISO), and pyridoxal-HCl in ethanol was demonstrated. Mice receiving daily intraperitoneal injections of MISO suffered significantly less toxicity (as determined by survival, weight gain and neurological tests) when large doses of pyridoxine-HCl (PYR) were delivered concomitantly, and consequently were able to tolerate administration of more than twice as many MISO injections. PYR did not alter the pharmacokinetics of MISO, either when given simultaneously or when given by multiple repeated daily injections prior to MISO. The administration of PYR also did not alter the radiosensitization by MISO in an in vivo-in vitro cloning assay with the EMT6 tumor in BALB/c mice. If depletion or altered metabolism of pyridoxine by reduced metabolites is also responsible for the neurotoxic effects of nitroimidazoles in humans, then concomitant administration of pyridoxine (in doses greater than the molar quantity of NH2-MISO formed) should inhibit the development of such symptoms and allow administration of larger doses of MISO than are currently clinically employable. PMID- 6629892 TI - Effect of heat, radiation and pH on mouse mammary tumor cells. AB - Experiments were done in vitro with cells derived from a C3H mouse mammary adenocarcinoma (MADCAP-37) to determine the influence of pH and sequencing on hyperthermia induced radiosensitization. The heat treatment was one hour at 42.5 degrees C in a precision controlled water bath. The heat treatment did not significantly reduce cell survival. Five Gy of x radiation was given at variable intervals from two hours before to two hours following heating. Survival curves under acid pH (6.4-6.7) and alkaline pH (7.2-7.4) were obtained for selected intervals, corresponding to points of interest in the sequencing study. Survival was greater for irradiation alone at acid pH than at alkaline pH. The greatest cell killing occurred when irradiation and hyperthermia were given simultaneously at either alkaline or acid pH. At alkaline pH, survival increased as the interval increased between heating and irradiation. At acid pH, radiation survival remained low for as much as two hours following heating. If tumors are at acid pH, the greatest differential effect should be obtained for irradiation following heating because cells at alkaline pH (normal) had approximately 10 times greater survival. Vascular changes caused by heating might alter that response. PMID- 6629893 TI - Skin responses to step-up and step-down heating in C3H mice. AB - The effects of step-up (42 leads to 44 degrees C sequence) and step-down (44 leads to 42 degrees C sequence) heating were studied on the skin of C3H/He mouse feet. Skin damage in mouse feet exposed to 44 degrees C alone became proportionally more severe with increasing exposure time, while it was slight or not observed at 42 degrees C for up to 2 hr. Preheating to 42 degrees C for 60 or 120 min (step-up) had little effect on the damage from 30-60 min exposure at 44 degrees C, but increased the damage seen with 90 min at 44 degrees C. However, skin damage was markedly enhanced by exposure to step-down heating. On the other hand, thermal resistance was induced in the mouse skin by 44 degrees C fractionated treatments. The induced thermal resistance reached a maximum with a 1 day interval, and then disappeared after a 3 day interval. In another fractionation schedule of step-down heating, the enhanced skin damage which was observed when here was no interval, recovered rapidly and attained an additive response within a 1 day interval. No thermal resistance was observed. PMID- 6629894 TI - Pleural-based changes on chest X ray after irradiation for primary breast cancer: correlation with findings on computerized tomography. AB - In treating breast cancer with excisional biopsy and irradiation, a volume of lung underlying the breast and chest wall receives significant doses of irradiation. This irradiation can produce pleural and pulmonary changes that can be seen on routine chest radiographs. In five such cases, we have examined pre and post-treatment computerized tomograms of the chest and show that these radiographic changes are pleural-based and lie within the high dose radiation volume. Failure to correct radiation treatment plans for the influence of lung density results in an increased dose to lung and pleura that could, in theory, exacerbate pulmonary and pleural radiation effects. PMID- 6629895 TI - Vaginal molds for intracavitary curietherapy: a new method of preparation. AB - A new method of preparing vaginal molds for afterloading intracavitary brachytherapy is described. Our technique makes it possible to obtain the most accurate individualization of therapy as far as dose distribution is concerned by taking into account the patient's anatomy and target volume. PMID- 6629896 TI - Early and late gastrointestinal complications following radiotherapy for carcinoma of the cervix. PMID- 6629897 TI - Laryngectomy tube brachytherapy for tracheal stomal recurrence. PMID- 6629898 TI - Pulmonary mechanics during the ventilatory response to hypoxemia in the newborn monkey. AB - Dynamic lung compliance (CL), inspiratory pulmonary resistance (RL), and functional residual capacity (FRC) were measured in 10 unanesthetized 48 h-old newborn monkeys and seven 21-day-old infant monkeys during acute exposures to an equivalent level of hypoxemia. End-expiratory airway occlusions were performed and the pressure developed by 200 ms (P0.2) was utilized as an index of central respiratory drive. P0.2 demonstrated a sustained increase throughout the period of hypoxemia on day 2 despite the fact that minute ventilation (VI) initially increased but then fell back to base-line levels. Dynamic lung compliance fell and FRC increased by 5 min of hypoxemia in the newborns. The 21-day-old monkeys exhibited a sustained increase in both VI and P0.2 throughout the hypoxic period with no change in CL and FRC. RL did not change at either postnatal age during hypoxemia. These data indicate that the neonatal monkey is subject to changes in pulmonary mechanics (decreased CL and increased FRC) during hypoxemia and that these changes are eliminated with maturation. PMID- 6629899 TI - Correcting for the dynamic response of a respiratory mass spectrometer. AB - Mass spectrometers produce distorted measurements of gas concentrations because of the time delays and rise times inherent in their responses. Three techniques for numerically correcting such distortion were applied to the acetylene step responses of a Perkin-Elmer MGA1100 mass spectrometer and to simulated data. The techniques investigated were 1) a simple time-delay correction, 2) an exponential model method that assumes a biexponential form for the peak of the impulse response, and 3) a Fourier transform method of deconvolution known as Wiener filtering. The time-delay correction produced an order of magnitude reduction in measurement error. The exponential model method improved on the time-delay correction, and the Wiener filter gave the most accurate corrections in all cases examined. PMID- 6629900 TI - Single-position calibration of the respiratory inductance plethysmograph. AB - Since we intended to use the respiratory inductance plethysmograph (RIP) to study breathing patterns in a single body position, we developed a method to calibrate the RIP in one position (seated) and verified the stability of this calibration procedure during a 60-min period. The subject breathed spontaneously through a pneumotachograph for 1 min during all calibration and verification runs. All inspiratory data from the abdomen and rib cage RIP transducers was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis to calculate calibration factors for the transducers. Eight normal subjects were studied, and the stability of calibration at 20, 40, and 60 min was determined. The correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.94. The mean slope and mean intercept describing the relationship of the RIP volume to the pneumotachograph volume for all calibration and verification runs were 0.995 +/- 0.074 and 0.012 +/- 0.018 liter, respectively. This calibration method allows a spirogram to be generated from the RIP signals. Therefore, this technique may be valuable in further investigating resting breathing patterns in humans. PMID- 6629901 TI - A technique for the isolation of submucosal gland cells from cat trachea. AB - We have developed a procedure to isolate submucosal gland cells from cat trachea. The excised trachea was stripped of surface epithelium by stroking the luminal surface with a nylon brush. The remaining submucosa was scraped free from underlying cartilage and minced into small fragments. To disperse glandular cells from these fragments, we subjected the minced tissue to both enzymatic (collagenase and elastase) and mechanical treatment. In 23 preparations of cells we yielded an average (+/- SE) of 8.4 +/- 0.9 (X 10(6] cells. In eight cell preparations 95 +/- 1% of the cells stained with periodic acid-Schiff stain, suggesting that the cells are of glandular origin. We used the following criteria to assess cell viability. The dye trypan blue was excluded by 92 +/- 1% of the cells (n = 23). Under the electron microscope, cellular membranes and organelles appeared normal. The isolated cells consumed oxygen at an average rate of 1.34 +/ 0.05 microliters O2 X h -1 X (10(6) cell) -1, (n = 65). Oxygen consumption was constant for at least 4 h after cell isolation, was inhibited 21% by 10(-4) M ouabain, and was subsequently stimulated to 135% above basal levels by 4 X 10(-5) M dinitrophenol. PMID- 6629903 TI - Statistical analysis of response slopes. PMID- 6629902 TI - Discontinuous liquid lining to the alveolus. PMID- 6629904 TI - Substrates for cold thermogenesis in thyrotoxic dogs. AB - The influence of thyrotoxicosis on energy supply during cold exposure was studied in normal and chronically thyroxine (T4)-treated normothermic dogs exposed to neutral (Ta,N = +25 degrees C) or cold (Ta,C = -21 degrees C) ambient temperatures. At Ta,N, T4 treatment significantly increased VO2, glucose turnover, and plasma 3-hydroxybutyrate concentration. The percentage of glucose turnover derived from alanine also increased in spite of lower alanine release. In cold, T4 treatment did not significantly modify O2 consumption, glucose turnover, or plasma alanine concentration, but plasma hydroxybutyrate, alanine clearance, and alanine conversion into glucose were significantly increased compared with control. It is suggested that in cold the main effect of thyrotoxicosis on energy supply, in addition to a trend toward lipid mobilization, is an increase in hepatic alanine extraction and conversion into glucose in the presence of lower muscular alanine delivery. PMID- 6629905 TI - Contribution of hypoventilation to sleep oxygen desaturation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether hypoventilation contributes to the sleep hypoxemia observed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and to examine breathing pattern and respiratory muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity during these episodes. Seven COPD patients who experienced at least a 10% decrease in arterial O2 saturation (SaO2) during rapid eye-movement sleep (REM) sleep, six COPD patients with a minimal fall in SaO2, and five healthy subjects were studied. An inductance vest was used to quantitate ventilation. Skin electrodes were used to estimate diaphragmatic and intercostal electromyographic activity. Minute ventilation and EMG activity decreased in all three groups during sleep. Ventilation was irregular during REM sleep in the patients. During REM sleep, desaturating patients had longer episodes of hypopneic breathing [30 +/- 8 s (SE)] than nondesaturating patients (13 +/- 1 s, P less than 0.01). Desaturating patients spent a greater proportion of REM time hypopneic (53 +/- 5 vs. 28 +/- 5%, P less than 0.01) and had a greater decrease in functional residual capacity during hypopnea (P less than 0.05). SaO2 followed the hypopneic and hyperpneic breathing in REM sleep so that desaturating patients had more time for desaturation to occur. Thus hypoventilation appears to be a primary factor in sleep O2 desaturation in these patients. Because of the fall in lung volume, maldistribution of ventilation may also contribute. PMID- 6629906 TI - Instantaneous cardiac acceleration in the cat elicited by peripheral nerve stimulation. AB - The short-latency effect of peripheral nerve stimulation on heart rate was studied in decerebrate cats. Stimulus trains (100 Hz) of 1-s duration were given to the tibial nerve or to muscle nerves with an intensity yielding a maximal force of isometric contraction of the triceps surae muscle. The first detectable sign and the maximum of cardiac cycle length shortening were found at 0.5-0.6 and 2.1 +/- 0.4 (SD) s, respectively, after the onset of stimulation. A positive correlation exists between the basic cycle length (i.e., before nerve stimulation) and the stimulation-induced shortening of cycle length. The average maximum shortening was found to be 6.7% of basic cycle length. Atropine (0.05-0.1 mg/kg) or bilateral vagotomy suppresses the heart rate response almost completely, whereas the administration of propranolol (2 mg/kg) leaves the response intact. When the nerve is cut proximal to the site of stimulation, the response disappears. Paralysis of the muscle diminishes the response upon nerve stimulation. It is concluded that the short-latency response studied here can be considered as a muscle-heart reflex that is similar to the one previously found in humans. PMID- 6629907 TI - Site and sensitivity for stimulation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. AB - Rat lungs were perfused in an in vitro circuit with separate control of alveolar and pulmonary arterial O2 tension. With perfusion flow constant, the hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstrictor (HPV) response was measured as changes of perfusion pressure. HPV was a function of both alveolar O2 tension (PvO2) and was described by a double sigmoid response surface. Where RA-v is this pressure response expressed as a percent of the maximum, the linearized form of the response surface is given by log [RA-v/(100-RA-v)] = 3.93 - 1.029 (log PvO2) - 1.623 (log PAO2). From this relationship it was concluded that 1) HPV is determined by PAO2 and PvO2; 2) the fundamental stimulus-response relationship is a sigmoid with a 50% response when both PAO2 and PvO2 are 30.3 Torr; 3) PAO2 has a greater effect than PvO2 due in part to the geometry of the vascular wall but principally due to O2 exchange between alveolar gas and blood in small pulmonary arteries; 4) there is not a localized sensor for HPV (the response is accounted for by each smooth muscle cell in the pulmonary arterial wall responding to the O2 tension in its vicinity); and 5) the characteristics of the response suggest that the cell sensor resembles a cytochrome. PMID- 6629908 TI - Density dependence of maximal flow in dogs with central and peripheral obstruction. AB - In 12 anesthetized, tracheotomized, vagotomized, open-chested, mongrel dogs we measured end and side hole airway pressures during forced expiration using a Pitot static probe. Volume was obtained as the integral of flow from a dog plethysmograph with frequency response adequate to 20 Hz. Equal pressure points (EPPs) and choke points (CPs) were located with dogs breathing air or a mixture of 80% helium-20% oxygen (HeO2) before and after partial obstruction of the trachea and intravenous histamine and propranolol. At 50% of vital capacity (VC) the CP was in the trachea in 11 of 12 dogs. Partial obstruction of the trachea decreased flow during the plateau of the maximum expiratory flow-volume curve (MEFVC) with the CP remaining in the trachea. The MEFVC plateau was extended to a lower lung volume. At 50% of VC the EPP moved downstream and density dependence remained high. Histamine and propranolol caused EPPs and CPs to move towards the periphery and density dependence to decrease. The shape of the MEFVC changed as the plateau was shortened and, in some instances, abolished. A plateau on the MEFVC could be regenerated by partial obstruction of the trachea. This was accompanied by return of the CP to the trachea and an increase in density dependence. Changes in density dependence were found to be a result of both the relocation of sites of flow limitation and differences in local CP areas with HeO2 and air. PMID- 6629909 TI - Duration of mucociliary dysfunction following antigen challenge. AB - Antigen-induced bronchospasm is associated with an impairment of airway mucociliary clearance, but the duration of this defect has not been examined. In the present study, we determined the time course of mucociliary dysfunction following inhalation challenge with Ascaris suum extract in conscious sheep with hypersensitivity to this antigen. Tracheal mucous velocity (TMV) as an index of mucociliary function, pulmonary resistance (RL), and arterial oxygen tension (Pao2) were measured prior to, immediately after, and serially for 8 h after inhalation challenge. TMV and Pao2 were then measured periodically for at least 2 wk. Immediately after A. suum challenge, mean RL increased to 264% of base line (P less than 0.05), and mean Pao2 decreased to 61% of base line (P less than 0.05). By 2 h postchallenge, mean RL and Pao2 had returned to base line but mean TMV had fallen to 61% of base line (P less than 0.05). Mean TMV reached a minimum of 35% of base line after 5 h (P less than 0.05) and remained significantly depressed between 37% and 54% of base line for 7 days; by day 9, mean TMV had returned to base line. Inhalation challenge with a control antigen (ragweed) failed to alter mean TMV, RL, and Pao2 during the first 8 h and TMV and Pao2 at any time throughout the 2-wk observation period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6629910 TI - Changes in rate of relaxation of sniffs with diaphragmatic fatigue in humans. AB - The rate of relaxation of the diaphragm after stimulated (4 subjects) and voluntary (8 subjects) contractions was compared in normal young men. Stimulated contractions were induced by supramaximal unilateral phrenic nerve stimulation and voluntary contractions by short, sharp sniffs of varying tensions against an occluded airway. The rate of relaxation of the diaphragm was calculated from the rate of decline of transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi). In both conditions the maximum relaxation rate (MRR) was proportional to the peak transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi), whereas the time constant (tau) of the later exponential decline in Pdi was independent of Pdi. The mean +/- SE rate constant of relaxation (MRR/Pdi) was 0.0078 +/- 0.0002 ms-1 and the mean tau was 57 +/- 3.8 ms for stimulated contractions. The rate of relaxation after sniffs was not different, and it was not affected by either the lung volume at which occluded sniffs were performed (in the range of residual volume to functional residual capacity + 1 liter) or by the relative contribution gastric pressure made to Pdi. After diaphragmatic fatigue was induced by inspiring against a high alinear resistance there was a decrease in relaxation rate. In the 1st min postfatigue MRR/Pdi decreased (0.0063 +/- 0.0003 ms-1; P less than 0.005) and tau increased (83 +/- 5 ms; P less than 0.005). Both values returned to prefatigue levels within 5 min of the end of the studies. We conclude that the sniff may prove to be clinically useful in the detection of diaphragmatic fatigue. PMID- 6629911 TI - Effects of hypoxia on norepinephrine release and metabolism in dog pulmonary artery. AB - The effect of low O2 tensions on the release and metabolism of norepinephrine during resting conditions and in response to electrical stimulation was studied in isolated superfused segments of dog pulmonary artery. Liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection was used to measure the release and overflow of endogenous norepinephrine and the content of norepinephrine remaining in the tissue after stimulation. In other preparations, norepinephrine stores were labeled with [3H]norepinephrine, and measurements were made of [3H]norepinephrine and its metabolites (separated by column chromatography) in superfusates. Radiolabeled metabolites of norepinephrine produced intraneuronally (3,4 dihydroxyphenylglycol) and extraneuronally (O-methylated) were quantitated by liquid scintillation spectrometry and the relative importance of neuronal uptake, extraneuronal uptake and of norepinephrine overflow in the disposition of norepinephrine calculated. Hypoxia increased the release and overflow of endogenous norepinephrine. In hypoxic conditions 41% of released norepinephrine was disposed of by overflow from the cleft compared with 27% during normoxia. Neuronal uptake of released norepinephrine was reduced during hypoxia and the intraneuronal metabolism of norepinephrine by monoamine oxidase was almost eliminated. PMID- 6629912 TI - Contractile force of canine airway smooth muscle during cyclical length changes. AB - Strips of tonically contracted canine tracheal and bronchial airway smooth muscles (AWSM) were studied in vitro to compare dynamic muscle force during stretch-retraction cycles with static isometric muscle force at various length points within the cycling range. At any particular rate, a characteristic force length loop was obtained by cycling over a given range of lengths. Dynamic muscle force dropped well below static isometric muscle force at lengths short of the peak length at all rates of cycling. When stretch or retraction of the muscle was stopped at any point along either path of the cycle, muscle force rose to approach the isometric force at that length. Dynamic force at the peak length of the cycle remained close to, or slightly greater than, the static isometric force. The results suggest that the velocity of shortening of tonically contracted AWSM is very slow relative to the rates of cycling employed. A slow rate of shortening of AWSM relative to the rate of change in airway caliber during breathing could account for well-known effects of volume history on airway tone. PMID- 6629913 TI - Responses of the lung periphery to 1.0 ppm ozone. AB - We studied responses of the lung periphery to short-term exposures of 1.0 ppm ozone (O3). A fiber-optic bronchoscope was wedged in a segmental airway of anesthetized male mongrel dogs and was used to deliver O3 to a small portion of lung. Measurements of resistance through the collateral system (Rcs) were used to monitor responses to O3. During a 30-min exposure to O3, Rcs increased within 2 min (early phase) and then continued to increase throughout the exposure. Bilateral cervical vagotomy or pretreatment with atropine prevented or reduced the response measured at 2 min but not the later increase in Rcs. The later increase was reduced with chlorpheniramine. The administration of indomethacin intravenously and as an aerosol did not alter the response. These results indicate that the early phase of the response to 1.0 ppm ozone in the lung periphery is mediated through the parasympathetic system, and the later phase of the response is related in part to histamine release. We found no evidence that metabolites of the cyclooxygenase pathway played a role in these responses. Furthermore, unlike responses to 0.1 ppm, responses to 1.0 ppm O3 are not characterized by the development of adaptation or tolerance. PMID- 6629914 TI - Effects of ozone on peripheral lung reactivity. AB - In previous studies, we demonstrated that local exposures to the lung periphery to 0.1 ppm ozone (O3) produce increases in resistance to flow through the collateral system (Rcs) which are prevented by vagotomy, and the local exposures to 1.0 ppm O3 produces increases in Rcs which are only partially mediated by the parasympathetic system. In the present studies, we evaluated the effects of short exposures to O3 on reactions to H2O and histamine in anesthetized male dogs when no residual effects of the O3 exposures could be detected. For this purpose a fiber-optic bronchoscope was wedged in a segmental airway of anesthetized dogs and was used to deliver O3, aerosols of H2O, histamine (1.5 X 10(-4) mg), and atropine (0.1 mg). Measurements of Rcs were used to monitor responses to these agents. Responses to three successive challenges with H2O and with histamine were not different from each other. A 30-min exposure to 0.1 ppm O3 between the first and second challenge did not alter responses to histamine or H2O. However, a 10 min exposure to 1.0 ppm O3 resulted in a significant increase in responses to both H2O and histamine. No correlation was noted between the magnitude of response to O3 and the increase in response to histamine or H2O following O3 exposure. Parasympathetic blockade (atropine or bilateral cervical vagotomy) abolished the increase in response to H2O but not the increase in response to histamine following exposure to 1.0 ppm O3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6629915 TI - Respiratory-related hypoglossal nerve activity: influence of anesthetics. AB - In decerebrate, vagotomized, paralyzed, and ventilated cats, phrenic and respiratory-related hypoglossal discharges were evident at normocapnic normoxia or hyperoxia. Both increased progressively in hypercapnia or hypoxia. With increasing drive, onset of inspiratory hypoglossal activity began earlier relative to phrenic onset; an early expiratory hypoglossal burst was also observed. Following subanesthetic doses of chloralose, halothane, ketamine, or pentobarbital, hypoglossal activity was depressed much more than phrenic discharge. In moderate hypercapnia or hypoxia, phrenic activity increased more than hypoglossal, whereas, at high drive, the latter rose more sharply in some cats. Electromyograms of the diaphragm and genioglossus were recorded in intact awake cats to determine if their responses and those of decerebrates are comparable. Respiratory-related genioglossal discharge was evident in normocapnia. We conclude that anesthesia suppresses hypoglossal motor activities much more than those of the bulbospinal-phrenic system. Data for decerebrate cats and unanesthetized cats or humans provide no evidence of a differential distribution of chemoreceptor afferents on hypoglossal and bulbospinal-phrenic neurons, as suggested by results in anesthetized animals. PMID- 6629916 TI - Characterization of respiratory-modulated activities of hypoglossal motoneurons. AB - In decerebrate, vagotomized, paralyzed, and ventilated cats, activities of the phrenic nerve and single hypoglossal nerve fibers were monitored. The great majority of hypoglossal neuronal activities were inspiratory (I), discharging during a period approximating that of phrenic. Many were not active at normocapnia but were recruited in hypercapnia or hypoxia. Once recruited, discharge frequencies, which rose quickly to near maximal levels in early to midinspiration, significantly increased with further augmentations of drive. Also, the onset of activities became progressively earlier, compared with phrenic discharge, in hypercapnia or hypoxia. Smaller numbers of hypoglossal fiber activities, having inspiratory-expiratory (I-E), expiratory (E), expiratory inspiratory (E-I), or tonic discharge patterns, were also recorded. Activities of E, I-E, and those I fibers that became I-E in high drive may underlie the early burst of expiratory activity of the hypoglossal nerve. It is concluded that the firing and recruitment patterns of hypoglossal neurons differ from those of phrenic motoneurons. However, responses to chemoreceptor stimuli are similar among the two neuronal groups. PMID- 6629917 TI - Acute effects of intratracheal administration of platelet-activating factor in baboons. AB - The bronchomotor effect of intratracheal administration of PAF-acether (60 micrograms X kg -1) was investigated in 37 curarized baboons mechanically ventilated with constant volume and frequency. PAF-acether caused an immediate bronchoconstriction as assessed by a marked increase in peak inspiratory pressure with no change in static pulmonary compliance and chest X-rays. There was a concomitant fall in arterial PO2 and a significant increase in ventilated unperfused lung zones. A decrease of circulating platelets and leucocytes was also observed. Local anesthesia with lidocaine and atropine did not prevent PAF acether-induced bronchoconstriction although both markedly reduced the bronchial response to histamine. Albuterol significantly reduced the bronchial response to PAF-acether. Pretreatment with aspirin (80 mg X kg -1 iv) did not prevent the bronchoconstriction caused by PAF-acether, and intravenous or intratracheal arachidonic acid caused no bronchial response. Thus the role of cyclooxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid in PAF-acether-induced bronchoconstriction is unlikely. In conclusion, an acute bronchoconstriction probably not triggered by stimulation of irritant receptors of the airways and associated with aggregation of platelet takes place subsequent to intratracheal administration of PAF acether. These data suggest that PAF-acether might play a role in the pathogenesis of human asthma. PMID- 6629918 TI - Ozone and high ventilation effects on pulmonary function and endurance performance. AB - Ozone (O3) toxicity is potentiated by exercise-induced expired minute ventilation (VE) for a given exposure, which may also impair endurance performance. Ten healthy, well-trained long-distance runners were exposed on six occasions for 1 h to O3 concentrations of 0, 0.20, or 0.35 parts per million (ppm), during exercise simulating either training or competition, with mean VE = 77.5 1 X min -1. Standard pulmonary function tests, subjective symptoms, and periodic observations of exercise ventilatory response and respiratory metabolism were obtained. Statistical analyses revealed no significant exercise mode effect for pulmonary function, but a significant O3 effect for forced vital capacity and expiratory volume at 1 s was observed. Altered exercise ventilatory pattern response was noted, but there was no significant O3 effect on exercise oxygen uptake, heart rate, VE, or alveolar ventilation. Subjective symptoms increased with O3 concentration. Statistically significant pulmonary function impairment observed at 0.20 ppm O3 suggests that endurance athletes may be more susceptible to the effects of a given O3 concentration than normal young adult males as a result of sustained high mean VE incurred during training and competition. Three subjects were unable to complete both the training and competitive simulations at 0.35 ppm O3. Performance decrements appeared to be the result of physiologically induced respiratory discomfort rather than decrements in pulmonary gas exchange and/or oxygen transport and delivery. PMID- 6629919 TI - Changes in vascular responsiveness following chronic exposure to cold in the rat. AB - The responsiveness of smooth muscle from rings of aortic tissue of cold acclimated (CA, 6 degrees C, 5-15 wk) rats to both alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonists and KCl was tested and compared with that of warm-adapted (25 degrees C) controls. alpha-Adrenergic stimulation, induced by low doses (10(-8)-10(-7) M) of phenylephrine and norepinephrine in the presence and absence of the beta adrenergic antagonist, propranolol, resulted in the development of less active tension by aortic smooth muscle from CA rats than from controls. Similar results were observed with the weakly alpha 1-adrenergic agonistic activities of tyramine, clonidine, and high concentrations of isoproterenol (10(-6)-10(-4) M). There was also a significant reduction in the tension developed by smooth muscles of the aortas from CA rats when depolarized with KCl in concentrations ranging from 8 to 20 mM. In contrast, aortic smooth muscle, contracted to 75% of maximum with KCl, showed an enhanced relaxation to the beta-adrenergic agonist, isoproterenol, in CA rats. These studies suggest that acclimation of rats to cold results in both a decrease in alpha-adrenergic responsiveness and an increase in beta-adrenergic responsiveness in vascular smooth muscle as well as a change in the biochemical events that couple activation of adrenergic receptors to changes in vasomotor tone. PMID- 6629920 TI - Influence of fasting on glycogen depletion in rats during exercise. AB - We recently observed that a 24-h fasted group of rats could run longer than an ad libitum fed control group before becoming exhausted. Because of the demonstrated importance of glycogen levels and free fatty acid availability during endurance exercise, we have investigated several parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in exercised and nonexercised rats that were either fed ad libitum or fasted for 24 h. A 24-h fast depleted liver glycogen, lowered plasma glucose concentration, decreased muscle glycogen levels, and increased free fatty acid and beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in plasma. During exercise the fasted group had lower plasma glucose concentration, higher plasma concentration of free fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate, and a lower muscle glycogen depletion rate than did the ad libitum fed group. Since fasted rats were able to continue running even when plasma glucose had dropped to levels lower than those of fed exhausted rats, it seems unlikely that blood glucose level, per se, is a factor in causing exhaustion. These results suggest that fasting increases fatty acid utilization during exercise and the resulting "glycogen sparing" effect may result in increased endurance. PMID- 6629921 TI - Exercise responses in pregnant sheep: oxygen consumption, uterine blood flow, and blood volume. AB - In an attempt to explore the acute maternal responses to exercise we measured oxygen consumption, uterine blood flow, and blood volume in 13 chronically catheterized pregnant sheep at rest and while exercising on a treadmill. With maximal exercise O2 consumption increased 5.6 times, from a resting value of 5.8 +/- 0.3 (SE) to 32.1 +/- 2.8 ml X min -1 X kg -1, cardiac output increased 2.7 times, from 149 +/- 8 to 404 +/- 32 ml X min -1 X kg -1, and arteriovenous oxygen content difference increased 2.1 times, from 3.9 +/- 0.2 to 8.0 +/- 0.4 ml X dl 1. Total uterine blood flow decreased from a mean resting value of 292 +/- 6 to 222 +/- 19 ml X min -1 X kg fetus -1 near exhaustion during prolonged (40 min) exercise at 70% maximal oxygen consumption. Maternal blood volume decreased 14% (P less than 0.01) from 67.5 +/- 3.7 to 57.8 +/- 3.6 ml X kg -1 during this exercise period, with a 20% decrease in plasma volume without a change in red cell volume. We conclude that uterine blood flow decreases during maternal exercise. However, hemoconcentration helps to maintain a relatively constant oxygen delivery to the uterus. PMID- 6629922 TI - Exercise and nasal patency. AB - Nasal airflow resistances were studied in 20 healthy subjects at rest, with exercise, and during recovery from exercise. Resistances were first measured under resting conditions. As a basis for comparison 0.1% xylometazoline was applied by insufflation; it reduced nasal resistance by an average of 49%. On a subsequent occasion, the degree and time course of changes in resistance were measured 1) during 5-min exercise bouts at rest 25, 50, and 75% of predicted maximum O2 intake (VO2max), 2) during 5-, 10-, and 15-min exercise bouts at 50% of VO2max, and 3) during recovery from exercise. Resistance decreased with intensity but not duration of exercise; an initial sudden decrease was followed by a more gradual but progressive decrease, which continued for several minutes following vigorous short duration exercise. Thus following 5 min of effort at 75% of VO2max, resistance reached a nadir (46% fall) 5 min after cessation of exercise. Recovery of preexercise values required 5 min after 5 min of exercise at 25% of VO2max and 10 min after 5 min of exercise at 50% of VO2max. Some decrease persisted 15 min after 5 min of exercise at 75% of VO2max. PMID- 6629923 TI - Pulmonary microvascular permeability after coronary arterial ligation in dogs. AB - Recent studies have indicated that pulmonary microvascular permeability may be increased after coronary arterial ligation. We tested this by estimating the pulmonary microvascular reflection coefficient (delta) in six anesthetized control dogs and in six dogs in which we ligated the left anterior descending coronary artery. We cannulated lung lymph vessels and measured the lymph and plasma protein concentrations (CL and CP, respectively). The left atrial pressure was increased to decrease CL to a minimum. We used the minimum CL to estimate delta as 1 -CL/CP. delta for the control [0.70 +/- 0.03 (SD)] and coronary artery ligated groups (0.70 +/- 0.04) were almost identical. This data indicates that coronary artery ligation does not increase pulmonary microvascular permeability. PMID- 6629924 TI - Chronic low-sodium diet in rats: hormonal and physiological effects during exercise in the heat. AB - To elucidate the effects of sodium (Na+) deficiency on the ability to work in the heat, immature rats were fed a diet deficient in Na+ for approximately 2 mo. Rates of weight gain were severely affected (P less than 0.01) in the Na+ deficient rats (1.7 vs. 7.2 g/day in controls), although fluid consumption was unaffected. The low-Na+ diet effected no alterations in endurance or weight loss during exercise in the heat to hyperthermic exhaustion, but final core and skin temperatures were significantly reduced in the low-Na+ group (P less than 0.02) and hematocrit ratios were significantly (P less than 0.001) increased. Circulating Na+ and potassium (K+) concentrations were significantly (P less than 0.05) increased in both groups after hyperthermic exhaustion. In the Na+ deficient groups, plasma levels of both aldosterone and cortisol/corticosterone were significantly (P less than 0.05) increased, and these increments were exacerbated following exercise to hyperthermic exhaustion. Consumption of the low Na+ diet elicited significant increments in circulating levels of lactate (P less than 0.01) and creatinine (P less than 0.01), both of which were increased further after exercise. We concluded that hormonal adaptations prevented circulatory hyponatremia and decrements in physical performance, but other clinical and metabolic effects of the low-Na+ diet were noted. PMID- 6629925 TI - Effect of blood volume on forearm venous and cardiac stroke volume during exercise. AB - Five healthy men exercised at 65-70% of maximum O2 uptake (VO2 max) for 30 min in an ambient temperature of 30 degrees C. Duplicate experiments were conducted at three levels of plasma volume:control, hypovolemia, in which blood volume (BV) was reduced an average of 490 ml (9.7%) with diuretics, and hypervolemia, in which BV was increased an average of 440 ml (7.8%) by infusing an isotonic solution containing 5% human serum albumin. Marked venoconstriction occurred during exercise in all conditions and persisted despite large increases in deep body temperature. The degree of venoconstriction was similar during control and hypervolemic conditions, but was potentiated during hypovolemia. The observed venoconstriction appeared to consist of two components: an early one related to autonomic adjustments at the onset of exercise, and a later one possibly related to progressive decreases in cardiac filling. Heart rate, cardiac stroke volume (SV), and cardiac output during exercise were significantly affected by changes in BV. During hypovolemia the average differences from control values were 10 beats X min-1, -14 ml, and -2.2 l X min-1, respectively; during hypervolemia the differences from control were -7 X min-1, 10 ml, and 1.0 l X min-1, respectively. The pattern of SV over the course of exercise indicates that pooling of blood in veins may be quantitatively more important than plasma water loss in reducing cardiac filling pressure in the heat. PMID- 6629926 TI - Effects of prior dynamic leg exercise on static effort of the elbow flexors. AB - The isometric endurance of the elbow flexors was determined in a control condition and subsequent to a maximal effort exercise bout on a cycle ergometer in seven subjects. Maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), peak rate of tension development (+dP/dt), peak rate of tension relaxation (-dP/dt), one-half contraction time, and one-half relaxation time were also measured. Each subject was tested on four occasions: two control and two experimental sessions. During the control sessions each subject held 40% of MVC to exhaustion, whereas the experimental session included a 1-min maximal effort exercise bout on a cycle ergometer 6 min prior to the isometric endurance task. Arterialized blood samples were drawn and analyzed for lactate, pH, PCO2, and PO2. Plasma bicarbonate was calculated from the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Subsequent to the cycle ergometer bout, blood lactate concentration rose from 0.8 to 11 mM, pH decreased from 7.43 to 7.20, PCO2 decreased from 40 to 32 Torr, and plasma bicarbonate decreased from 26 to 12 mM. When compared with the control values, no significant changes were evident for any muscle contractile properties following the cycle ergometer bout. However, isometric endurance was significantly reduced from 115.0 +/- 7.2 to 86.3 +/- 7.3 s.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6629927 TI - A three-compartment model of the pulmonary vasculature: effects of vasoconstriction. AB - The venous occlusion experiments provide sufficient data to permit the vascular bed of a dog lung lobe to be mathematically modeled as three serial compartments, each containing a quantifiable resistance separated by equal parallel compliances. To determine how these compartments are related to the sites of vasomotion in the pulmonary vascular bed we investigated the effects of various pulmonary vasomotor stimuli. We found that serotonin, sympathetic nerve stimulation, hypoxia, and prostaglandin F2 alpha increased the pressure drop upstream (arterial) from the site of major lobar compliance. On the other hand, histamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and elevation of the cerebrospinal fluid pressure increased the pressure drop downstream (venous) from the site of major lobar compliance. These stimuli either did not affect the pressure drop across the middle compartment or increased it slightly. Thus we conclude that the middle compartment represents vessels located between the muscular arteries and veins including the capillary bed and possibly other small nonmuscular vessels. Further, the average preocclusion pressure in the middle compartment is a microvascular pressure that can be used to evaluate the impact of vasoconstriction on the lobar microcirculation. PMID- 6629928 TI - Effect of ethanol and naloxone on control of ventilation and load perception. AB - The respiratory depressant effects of ethanol and their potential reversibility by naloxone were studied in 10 normal subjects. Ventilatory and mouth occlusion pressure (P0.1) responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia without and with an inspiratory resistive load (13 cmH2O X 1(-1) X S) were measured. The resistive load detected with 50% probability (delta R50) and the exponent (n) in Stevens' psychophysical law for magnitude estimation of resistive loads were studied using standard psychophysical techniques. Each of these studies was performed before ethanol ingestion, after ethanol ingestion (1.5 ml/kg, by mouth), and then again after naloxone (0.8 mg iv). Ethanol increased delta R50 (P less than 0.05) and decreased n (P less than 0.05). Naloxone caused no further change in these parameters. The load compensation (Lc), defined as the ratio of loaded to unloaded response slopes, was not significantly changed after ethanol and naloxone. No correlation was found between the Lc and delta R50 or n. The ventilatory and P0.1 responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia with and without inspiratory resistive loading decreased after ethanol (P less than 0.05, hypercapnia; NS, hypoxia). After naloxone the hypercapnic ventilatory responses increased (P less than 0.05). This suggests that the respiratory depressant effects of ethanol may be mediated via endorphins. PMID- 6629929 TI - Response of pulmonary rapidly adapting receptors during lung inflation. AB - Studies were conducted to establish the factors that determine the response of canine pulmonary rapidly adapting receptors (RAR) during lung inflation. Inflations of the lung were performed at several constant rates during which the activity of individual RAR was counted. At each rate of inflation tested multiple identical tests were performed. The volume of each test inflation was controlled. Data obtained in all tests at each flow rate were averaged to give the mean response of the receptor at that rate of inflation. These studies indicate the major response characteristics of RAR during lung inflation in conditions of relatively constant lung mechanics. First, at a constant rate of inflation, the activity of RAR augments increasingly as the lung is expanded. Second, their activity is influenced markedly by the rate of inflation. However, this sensitivity is nonlinear. Specifically, at low rates of inflation increases in flow rate produce more marked augmentation of RAR firing than do identical increases in flow at higher rates of inflation. The major difference between receptors is in their threshold; however, this too is a function of flow rate. With increasing flow rate the threshold, whether measured as the inflation volume or transpulmonary pressure at which receptors begin to fire, declines. The response of receptors, however, with thresholds over the entire range show the major features discussed above. The present results provide quantitative information which are necessary to begin to eludicate the transduction properties of this receptor type. PMID- 6629930 TI - Comparison of isogravimetric and venous occlusion capillary pressures in isolated dog lungs. AB - Venous occlusion capillary pressures (Pcv) were simultaneously compared with isogravimetric capillary pressures (PcI) in the same isolated perfused dog lung preparations. For 26 determinations, PcI averaged 1.23 +/- 0.22 (SE) mmHg higher than Pcv. However, the two measurements of capillary pressure were highly correlated (r = 0.99), and the following regression equation was obtained: Pcv = 1.12 PcI - 2.1. Pcv could be easily measured several times in the same preparation, either by total venous occlusion or regional venous occlusion using a Swan-Ganz balloon catheter. In addition, Pcv did not require an isogravimetric state for its determination. These data suggest that the major sites of filtration and vascular capacitance in the pulmonary circulation reside in the microvessels and that the more easily determined Pcv is an adequate measure of the average capillary filtration pressure in the lungs. PMID- 6629931 TI - Effect of training on skeletal muscle injury from downhill running in rats. AB - Experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that injury to skeletal muscle in rats resulting from prolonged downhill running is prevented to a greater extent by prior downhill training than by either uphill or level training. Changes in plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDase) activity in the soleus (S), vastus intermedius (VI), and medial head of triceps brachii (TM) muscles were evaluated as markers of muscle injury 48 h after 90 min of intermittent downhill running (16 m . min -1). Prior to this acute downhill run, groups of rats were trained by either downhill (-16 degrees), level (0 degrees), or uphill (+16 degrees) running (16 m . min -1) for 30 min/day. Training duration was either 5 days or 1 day. A training effect (i.e., reduced muscle injury) was indicated if muscle G-6-PDase or plasma CPK activity in a trained group following the 90-min downhill run was not different from that of nonexercised control animals and/or if it was lower than that of nontrained runners. A significant training effect was achieved in all three muscles with 5 days of either downhill or level training, but only in S after 5 days of uphill training. Elevation of plasma CPK activity was prevented by 5 days of training on all three inclines.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6629932 TI - Effects of transient pulmonary hypertension on pulmonary vascular permeability. AB - The effects of a transient increase in pulmonary microvascular pressure (Pmv) on pulmonary fluid and protein exchange were studied in anesthetized sheep in which pulmonary lymph was collected. Pmv was increased to 30-40 mmHg for 15-30 min in 18 sheep by either an intra-aortic injection of norepinephrine (NE) or a rapid inflation of a left atrial balloon. NE injection produced sustained two- to threefold increases in pulmonary lymph flow and protein flux, whereas rapid balloon inflation transiently elevated lymph flow even though Pmv increased to similar levels with both methods. The sustained increases with NE were not due to an increase in vascular permeability but probably the result of a persistent increase in vascular surface area. In three additional animals, Pmv was increased to over 50 mmHg for 15-30 min. In these animals, lymph flow increased only by 49%, but airway edema fluid was present. The ratio of extravascular lung water to bloodless dry lung weight was 5.77 +/- 0.13 as compared with 4.30 +/- 0.11 in sheep subjected to Pmv less than 50 mmHg and to 4.08 +/- 0.19 for controls. These findings indicate that high pressure-induced pulmonary edema depends on a threshold Pmv around 50 mmHg. A combination of high capillary pressure and impaired lymphatic flow may be the bases for the development of neurogenic and catecholamine-induced pulmonary edema. PMID- 6629933 TI - Hypergravic fields and parallel controllers for thermoregulation. AB - To test the proposal that mammals have parallel neurocontrollers for temperature regulation, Long-Evans hooded male rats were exposed to cold while in a 3-G field. When exposed to cold, these rats consumed 35% less oxygen/min at 3 G than they did when exposed to cold at 1 G. However, rats acclimated for 6 wk to 5 degrees C consumed oxygen at the same rate during cold exposure at 3 G as at 1 G. Because cold-acclimated rats generate heat primarily by nonshivering thermogenesis while rats acclimated to room temperature rely to a greater extent on shivering, the 35% decrease in oxygen consumption of cold-exposed room temperature rats in 3-G fields may reflect an inactivation of shivering. These oxygen consumption measurements, together with measurements of core and tail temperatures of rats in 3-G fields, are consistent with the proposal that neurocontrollers for thermoregulation are arranged in parallel and can be uncoupled by hypergravic fields. PMID- 6629934 TI - Removal of abdominal sources of caudal mediastinal node lymph in anesthetized sheep. AB - We investigated the conditions for and the quantity of abdominal contributions to caudal mediastinal node (CMN) efferent lymph in 15 anesthetized sheep with open thorax and lung lymph fistulas. Contractions of the diaphragm by phrenic nerve stimulation increased lymph flow by 29%. Adding large volumes (10 ml/kg) of 5% albumin solution to the peritoneal cavity increased lymph flow by 19 and 28% during diaphragm contraction. Tracer albumin specific activity in lymph indicated that about half the lymph flow increment came from the peritoneal liquid. Raising hepatic vein pressure 19 cmH2O increased CMN lymph flow 178%. Lymph protein concentration also increased markedly, from 0.72 to 0.91 of the plasma concentration. We devised a simple procedure to cauterize across the pleural surface of the diaphragm to destroy the aberrant lymphatics. This procedure markedly diminished both abdominal cavity and portal system contributions. PMID- 6629935 TI - Lung mechanics following aspiration of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid. AB - Pressure-volume curves were obtained from excised left lungs of goats at 4, 24, and 48 h after tracheal instillation of 2.5 ml/kg of 0.1 N HCl. Air total lung capacity (TLC) at transpulmonary pressure (PL) = 35 cmH2O was 38.8 ml/kg body weight before acid, and was reduced sharply to 21.1 at 4 h, then increased to 25.6 at 24 h and 32.1 at 48 h. Excess extravascular lung water (EVLW) could account for only part of the volume reductions. Specific compliance ratio of transpulmonary pressure to total lung capacity (CL/TLC) between PL of 5 and 0 cmH2O was reduced from 0.074/cmH2O to 0.050, 0.048, and 0.053/cmH2O, respectively. Saline TLC (PL = 10 cmH2O) changed from 44.8 to 32.4, 34.3, and 45.4 ml/kg, respectively, but CL/TLC did not, suggesting airway obstruction. After injury, trapped volume at PL = 0 increased from 24.9 to 29.2, 43.3, and 37.3% TLC with air, and from 20.3 to 38.5, 33.1, and 28.5%, respectively, with saline. Air volume at a PL = 10 cmH2O on deflation fell from 82.0 to 72.1% TLC at 4 h, but was near control at 24 and 48 h. The reduction in ventilated volume was not reflected in proportionately increased shunt; therefore, some compensatory vasoconstriction must have occurred. We suggest that in affected regions increased surface forces, increased EVLW, and airway obstruction caused reductions of lung volume. PMID- 6629936 TI - Ventilatory response of intact cats to carbon monoxide hypoxia. AB - Adult intact conscious or anesthetized cats have been exposed to either hypoxia or low concentrations of CO in air. In addition, the ventilatory response to CO2 was studied in air, hypoxic hypoxia, and CO hypoxia. The results show that 1) in conscious cats, low concentrations of CO (0.15%) induce a slight decrease in ventilation and higher concentrations of CO (0.20%) induce first a small decrease in ventilation and then a characteristic tachypnea similar to the hypoxic tachypnea described in carotid-denervated cats; 2) in anesthetized cats, CO hypoxia induces only mild changes in ventilation; and 3) the ventilatory response to CO2 is increased in CO hypoxia in both conscious and anesthetized animals but differs from the increase observed during hypoxia. It is concluded that the initial decrease in ventilation may be caused by some brain stem depression of the respiratory centers with CO hypoxia, whereas the tachypnea originates probably at some suprapontine level. Conversely, the possible central acidosis may account for the potentiation of the ventilatory response to CO2 observed in either conscious or anesthetized animals. PMID- 6629937 TI - Respiratory mechanics during halothane anesthesia and anesthesia-paralysis in humans. AB - In six spontaneously breathing anesthetized subjects [halothane approximately 1 maximum anesthetic concentration (MAC), 70% N2O-30% O2], we measured flow (V), volume (V), and tracheal pressure (Ptr). With airway occluded at end-inspiration tidal volume (VT), we measured Ptr when the subjects relaxed the respiratory muscles. Dividing relaxed Ptr by VT, total respiratory system elastance (Ers) was obtained. With the subject still relaxed, the occlusion was released to obtain the V-V relationship during the ensuing relaxed expiration. Under these conditions, the expiratory driving pressure is V X Ers, and thus the pressure flow relationship of the system can be obtained. By subtracting the flow resistance of equipment, the intrinsic respiratory flow resistance (Rrs) is obtained. Similar measurements were repeated during anesthesia-paralysis (succinylcholine). Ers averaged 23.9 +/- 4 (+/- SD) during anesthesia and 21 +/- 1.8 cmH2O X 1(-1) during anesthesia-paralysis. The corresponding values of intrinsic Rrs were 1.6 +/- 0.7 and 1.9 +/- 0.9 cmH2O X 1(-1) X s, respectively. These results indicate that Ers increases substantially during anesthesia, whereas Rrs remains within the normal limits. Muscle paralysis has no significant effect on Ers and Rrs. We also provide the first measurements of inspiratory muscle activity and related negative work during spontaneous expiration in anesthetized humans. These show that 36-74% of the elastic energy stored during inspiration is wasted in terms of negative inspiratory muscle work. PMID- 6629938 TI - Pulmonary vascular effects of bombesin and gastrin-releasing peptide in conscious newborn lambs. AB - A growing body of anatomic findings has led investigators to suggest that peptide containing pulmonary neuroendocrine cells may control pulmonary vascular tone. One such peptide, bombesin, has been found in increased quantities in the lungs of infants with pulmonary disorders that cause pulmonary hypertension. Therefore we studied the effect on pulmonary vascular tone of bombesin, and its C-terminal analog, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP). Normoxic and hypoxic unsedated newborn lambs with chronically implanted flow probes around the right and left pulmonary arteries were used. Bombesin and GRP were injected into one pulmonary artery only, and direct effects of these peptides were determined by comparing the flow changes in the injected vs. the uninjected lung. Bombesin had no measurable effect on pulmonary vascular resistance under any condition or at any dose (0.1 60 micrograms/kg). Systemic blood pressure increased significantly (12%) after a 10-micrograms/kg dose. GRP was devoid of any measurable hemodynamic effects, even at a dose of 10 micrograms/kg. If pulmonary neuroendocrine cells help regulate vascular resistance, bombesin does not appear to play a role. PMID- 6629939 TI - Alveolar pressure in fluid-filled occluded lung segments during permeability edema. AB - In a model of increased hydrostatic pressure pulmonary edema Parker et al. (J. Appl. Physiol.: Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 44: 267-276, 1978) demonstrated that alveolar pressure in occluded fluid-filled lung segments was determined primarily by interstitial fluid pressure. Alveolar pressure was subatmospheric at base line and rose with time as hydrostatic pressure was increased and pulmonary edema developed. To further test the hypothesis that fluid-filled alveolar pressure is determined by interstitial pressure we produced permeability pulmonary edema-constant hydrostatic pressure. After intravenous injection of oleic acid in dogs (0.01 mg/kg) the alveolar pressure rose from 6.85 +/- 0.8 to +4.60 +/- 2.28 Torr (P less than 0.001) after 1 h and +6.68 +/- 2.67 Torr (P less than 0.01) after 3 h. This rise in alveolar fluid pressure coincided with the onset of pulmonary edema. Our experiments demonstrate that during permeability pulmonary edema with constant capillary hydrostatic pressures, as with hemodynamic edema, alveolar pressure of fluid-filled segments seems to be determined by interstitial pressures. PMID- 6629940 TI - Effect of tracheostomy on lung development in fetal lambs. AB - The effects of fetal tracheostomy on lung development in lambs have been investigated. Seven ewes, all with twin fetuses, were given a general anesthetic. One fetus in each set of twins was tracheostomized and the other fetus was sham operated (117-122 days gestation). The fetuses were delivered by cesarean section between 137 and 140 days gestation. Fetal tracheostomy decreased lung weight and volume, altered DNA concentration and the structural development of the acinus, and decreased lung distensibility. However, tissue and airway saturated phosphatidylcholine and lung stability during deflation were not significantly affected by fetal tracheostomy. It seems that tracheostomy in fetal lambs alters lung growth but does not affect the formation or release of surfactant. These data support the hypothesis that lung volume is actively maintained and lung growth promoted by the secretion of lung fluid against the resistance of the upper airway in fetal lambs. PMID- 6629941 TI - Arousal and breathing responses to airway occlusion in healthy sleeping adults. AB - The arousal and breathing responses to total airway occlusion during sleep were measured in 12 normal subjects (7 males and 5 females) aged 25-36 yr. Subjects slept while breathing through a specially designed nosemask, which was glued to the nose with medical-grade silicon rubber. The lips were sealed together with a thin layer of Silastic. The nosemask was attached to a wide-bore (20 mm ID) rigid tube to allow a constant-bias flow of room air from a blower. Total airway occlusion was achieved by simultaneously inflating two rubber balloons fixed in the inspiratory and expiratory pipes. A total of 39 tests were done in stage III/IV nonrapid-eye movement (NREM) sleep in 11 subjects and 10 tests in rapid eye-movement (REM) sleep in 5 subjects. The duration of total occlusion tolerated before arousal from NREM sleep varied widely (range 0.9-67.0 s) with a mean duration of 20.4 +/- 2.3 (SE) s. The breathing response to occlusion in NREM sleep was characterised by a breath-by-breath progressive increase in suction pressure achieved by an increase in the rate of inspiratory pressure generation during inspiration. In contrast, during REM sleep, arousal invariably occurred after a short duration of airway occlusion (mean duration 6.2 +/- 1.2 s, maximum duration 11.8 s), and the occlusion induced a rapid shallow breathing pattern. Our results indicate that total nasal occlusion during sleep causes arousal with the response during REM sleep being more predictable and with a generally shorter latency than that in NREM sleep. PMID- 6629942 TI - An accurate recording system and its use in breath sounds spectral analysis. AB - An accurate recording system was set up and used for analyzing normal and asthmatic breath-sound features. Breath sounds are recorded at the trachea simultaneously with the airflow signal at 0.5- and 1-1/s levels. The study was carried out in the frequency domain using a fast-fourier transform (FFT). FFTs are taken on 1,024-sample blocks (one block = 200 ms) over a duration of about 20 s. Different characteristics of the spectra are calculated in the range 60-1,260 Hz for 11 normal and 10 asthmatic subjects. This allows the computation of an index that discriminates (P less than 0.0005) asthma cases from normal cases. Spectral features strongly depend on the flow rate both for normal and asthmatic subjects. Increasing the flow rate raises the high-frequency components of the spectra. PMID- 6629943 TI - Independent influence of blood flow rate and mixed venous PO2 on shunt fraction. AB - We have tested the independent and combined effects of changes in mixed venous PO2 (PvO2) and blood flow (QT) on shunt fraction (Qs/QT) in isolated blood perfused canine left lower lobes with edema. The lobes were ventilated with pure O2. Inflow (Pi) and outflow (Po) pressures always exceeded lobar alveolar pressure. PvO2 was varied by means of a clinical bubble oxygenator with appropriate mixtures of O2 and N2. QT was varied by changes in Pi and Po with care not to produce changes in lobar weight. Changes in QT did not influence Qs/QT. Increasing PvO2 from 40 +/- 6 to 88.4 +/- 40 Torr at constant QT significantly increased Qs/QT from 5.5 +/- 2.0 to 15.6 +/- 7.0%. Combined increases in QT and PvO2 from 66.4 +/- 2.7 to 135.6 +/- 21.5 ml/min and from 38.8 +/- 1.3 to 61.8 +/- 2.2 Torr, respectively, also produced a significant increase in Qs/QT from 7.33 +/- 2.27 to 15.43 +/- 4.45%. However, this combined change was explained exclusively by changes in PvO2. We therefore concluded that, under the conditions of our experiment, changes in PvO2 influence Qs/QT, and this may account for apparent dependence of Qs/QT on cardiac output in pulmonary edema. PMID- 6629944 TI - Lactate accumulation during incremental exercise with varied inspired oxygen fractions. AB - Six subjects pedaled a stationary cycle ergometer to exhaustion on three separate occasions while breathing gas mixtures of 17, 21, or 60% O2 in N2. Each subject rode for 3 min at work rates of 60, 90, 105 W, followed by 15-W increases every 3 min until exhaustion. Inspired and expired gas fractions, ventilation (V), heart rate, and blood lactate were measured. O2 uptake (VO2) and CO2 output (VCO2) were calculated for the last minute of each work rate; blood samples were drawn during the last 5 s. "Break points" for lactate, V, VCO2, V/VO2, and expired oxygen fraction (FEO2) were mathematically determined. VO2 was not significantly different at any work rate among the three different conditions. Nor did maximal VO2 differ significantly among the three treatments (P greater than 0.05). Lactate concentrations were significantly lower during hyperoxia and significantly higher during hypoxia compared with normoxia. Lactate values at exhaustion were not significantly different among the three treatments. Four subjects were able to work for a longer period of time during hyperoxic breathing. The variations in lactate accumulation as reported in this study cannot be explained on the basis of differences in VO2. The results of this research lend support to the hypothesis that differences in the performance of subjects breathing altered fractions of inspired oxygen may be caused by differences in lactate (or H+) accumulation. PMID- 6629946 TI - Hypohydration and exercise: effects of heat acclimation, gender, and environment. AB - This study examined the effects of heat acclimation and subject gender on treadmill exercise in comfortable (20 degrees C, 40% rh), hot-dry (49 degrees C, 20% rh), and hot-wet (35 degrees C, 79% rh) environments while subjects were hypo or euhydrated. Six male and six female subjects, matched for maximal aerobic power and percent body fat, completed two exercise tests in each environment both before and after a 10-day heat acclimation program. One exercise test was completed during euhydration and one during hypohydration (-5.0% from baseline body weight). In general, no significant (P greater than 0.05) differences were noted between men and women at the completion of exercise for rectal temperature (Tre), mean skin temperature (Tsk), or heat rate (HR) during any of the experimental conditions. Hypohydration generally increased Tre and HR values and decreased sweat rate values while not altering Tsk values. In the hypohydration experiments, heat acclimation significantly reduced Tre (0.19 degrees C) and HR (13 beats X min-1) values in the comfortable environment, but only HR values were reduced in hot-dry (21 beats X min-1) and hot-wet (21 beats X min-1) environments. The present findings indicated that men and women respond in a physiologically similar manner to hypohydration during exercise. They also indicated that for hypohydrated subjects heat acclimation decreased thermoregulatory and cardiovascular strain in a comfortable environment, but only cardiovascular strain decreased in hot environments. PMID- 6629945 TI - Gas mixing in the airways of dog lungs during high-frequency ventilation. AB - Washout of insoluble inert test gases of different diffusivity (He and SF6 or He and Ar) from dog lungs was studied during high-frequency ventilation (HFV). Test gas equilibrium and subsequent washout were performed with HFV, succeeding measurements being performed at different stroke volumes (1.5-2.5 ml/kg body wt), oscillation frequencies (10-30 Hz), and with different lung volumes (32-74 ml X kg-1). Test gas concentrations were continuously measured by a mass spectrometer. The time course of washout could be described as the sum of two exponentials. There were no consistent differences in the time courses of washout between He and SF6 or between He and Ar. It is concluded that gas mixing in the airways during HFV is not significantly limited by diffusion, and this is suggested to apply during HFV to steady-state transport of respiratory gases (e.g., O2 and CO2) as well as to the transient state of inert gas washout. PMID- 6629947 TI - Pulmonary hemodynamics and gas exchange properties during progressive edema. AB - In this investigation we have studied the effect of increments of pulmonary edema on pulmonary hemodynamics, and physiological and hemodynamic shunt in an isolated lung preparation. Hemodynamic shunt was defined by the slope of the relationship between pulmonary arterial and airway pressures; when the slope decreases, there is a greater degree of shunt. Cardiovascular changes were analyzed using a Starling resistor model of the pulmonary circulation where the effective downstream pressure to flow as seen from the pulmonary artery exceeds the pulmonary venous outflow pressure. This effective downstream pressure is referred to as the critical pressure (Pc), and at low lung inflation the locus of this critical pressure is in extra-alveolar vessels. With 3-4 h of progressive edema to an average of 185% initial lobe weight we found a progressive rise in pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) from 12.1 to 21.5 cmH2O. About one-third of this increase in Ppa resulted from an increased Pc and the remainder resulted from an increased resistance upstream from the locus of Pc. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the interstitial accumulation of fluid creates enough of an increase in interstitial pressure to compress extra-alveolar vessels. There was no significant correlation between the amount of edema and the measured physiologic shunt, but the hemodynamic shunt showed a highly significant correlation. The hemodynamic shunt theoretically measures the extent of obstructed airways and may be a useful index of the degree of pulmonary edema. PMID- 6629948 TI - Immediate human breathing pattern responses to loads near the perceptual threshold. AB - Breathing pattern responses to small mechanical loads added pseudorandomly to the external airway of human subjects were measured using flow-resistive and elastic loads above and below the threshold for detectability of some subjects. The zeroth lag of the computed cross-correlations between the loading sequence and the various aspects of the breathing pattern response was used as an index of the immediate response to loading. All subjects showed an immediate reduction in tidal volume (VT) and expiratory duration (TE) in response to elastic loading, but inspiratory duration (TI) responded variably. Respiratory frequency (f) was increased, and minute ventilation (V) and mean inspiratory flow (VT/TI) decreased immediately in all subjects. Resistance loading, on the other hand, tended to prolong TI and TE immediately such that f fell. VT responses were variable, and both V and VT/TI fell. The responses to imperceptible loads reflect mainly the action of neural reflexes and characteristics intrinsic to the respiratory muscles and configuration of the chest and abdomen. A mathematical simulation was used to show that the TE responses in particular may indicate the action of subconscious neural reflexes. PMID- 6629949 TI - Polycythemia and the acute hypoxic response in awake rats following chronic hypoxia. AB - The acute hypoxic pressor response was studied in 22 chronically catheterized awake rats, 13 in whom the pulmonary arterial circulation had been remodeled by 10 days of exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. Five of these had their hematocrit lowered to normocytic levels after the chronic hypoxic exposure. Nine were controls. After 24 h in room air the pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) and pulmonary vascular resistance (Rp) of hypoxic-polycythemic rats was at least twice the control value; in the hypoxic-normocytic rats Ppa and Rp were less than that of hypoxic-polycythemic animals and greater than that of controls. Cardiac index, heart rate, and O2 saturation were similar in all groups. In 10% O2 a rise in Ppa and Rp occurred in all groups; in absolute terms the rise was greater in hypoxic rats than in controls and greater in polycythemic than in normocytic animals. In the intact animal the acute hypoxic pressor response can still be elicited in a pulmonary vascular bed structurally altered by chronic hypoxia. When calculated as a percent increase over base line, its intensity was greater than in room air controls and for Ppa was independent of hematocrit. PMID- 6629950 TI - Regional distribution of blood flow during mild dynamic leg exercise in the baboon. AB - Five chair-restrained baboons were trained with operant techniques and a food reward to perform dynamic leg exercise. Cardiac output and blood flows to most tissues were determined by radioactive microsphere distribution. After 2 min of exercise mean arterial blood pressure had increased by 11 +/- 3% (SE), heart rate by 34 +/- 7%, cardiac output by 50 +/- 12%, and O2 consumption by 157 +/- 17%. The blood flow to exercising leg muscle increased by 585 +/- 338% and to the myocardium by 35 +/- 19%. Blood flow to torso and limb skin fell by 38 +/- 4 and 38 +/- 6%, respectively, and similar reductions occurred in adipose tissue blood flow. Nonworking skeletal muscle blood flow decreased by 30 +/- 10%. Renal blood flow was lowered by 16 +/-2%. The lower visceral organs had more variable responses, but when grouped together total splanchnic blood flow fell by 21 +/- 9%. Blood flow to the brain was unchanged with exercise, whereas spinal cord perfusion increased 23 +/- 3%. Thus during short dynamic exercise baboons redistributed blood flow away from skin, fat, nonworking muscles, and visceral organs to supply the needs of exercising muscles. Our data suggest the baboon is a useful animal model for investigating vascular responses of tissues, such as torso skin, adipose, individual visceral organs, and the spinal cord, that cannot be examined in humans. PMID- 6629951 TI - "Anaerobic threshold": problems of determination and validation. AB - Despite the popularity of the concept of "anaerobic threshold" (AT), the noninvasive detection criteria remain subjective, and invasive validations of AT have been based on lactate data of arterial, mixed venous, venous, and capillary blood samples without any concern for the possible lactate differences from these sources. Eight normal subjects underwent two exercise tests on a bicycle ergometer. The protocol consisted of 3 min of rest, 3 min of 0 work load, and a 20 W/min ramp (1 W/3 s) until exhaustion. Simultaneous arterial and venous blood samples were drawn during the second test. Noninvasive gas response data were measured using a computerized breath-by-breath stress test system. Threshold phenomenon of the lactate accumulation was not found. The arterial lactate levels increased continuously after the start of the exercise ramp. The rise in venous lactate lagged behind the rise of the arterial lactate by about 1.5 min, and therefore venous lactate was not considered suitable for AT detection. Four independent exercise physiologists determined AT from the gas response data. The reviewer variability (avg range 16%) of AT for a given subject was representative of AT values reported for untrained and trained individuals (40-70% maximum O2 consumption). We concluded that 1) AT is not detectable using invasive methods (arterial and venous lactates); and 2) the noninvasive gas response determination has such a large range of reviewer variability that it is unsuitable for clinical use. PMID- 6629952 TI - Behavior of magnetic particles in hamster lungs: estimates of clearance and cytoplasmic motility. AB - Ferrimagnetic particles suspended in saline were instilled intratracheally into the lungs of Syrian golden hamsters. The particles were magnetized and aligned by applying an external magnetic field. Upon removal of the external field, the particles produced a remanent magnetic field from the lungs which decayed due to random misalignment of the particles (relaxation). Magnetization and relaxation measurements were performed immediately after instillation, then repeatedly during the first 24 h, and finally at intervals of several days up to 30 days after the instillation. The size of the initial remanent magnetic field immediately following each external magnetization is a measure of the amount of iron oxide in the lungs. It decreased with time, reflecting particle clearance. The rate of relaxation increased steeply during the first 12 h after the instillation and decreased slowly between the 5th and 30th day. Changes in the location of particles from extracellular to intracellular sites and movements from ectoplasmic to endoplasmic sites within cells may be responsible for the observed changes in relaxation rates with time. PMID- 6629953 TI - Firing profile of diaphragm single motor unit during hypercapnia and airway occlusion. AB - To define interaction between chemical and vagal-volume feedback we recorded diaphragm single motor unit (SMU) potentials, tracheal pressure, and end-tidal CO2 in spontaneously breathing, anesthetized cats during hypercapnia and during airway occlusion at functional residual capacity (FRC) or end-inspiratory level (EIL) before and after vagotomy. Hypercapnia increased onset, mean, and peak firing frequencies of early-onset SMUs, caused no change in number of spikes per breath (NSPB), and decreased inspiratory burst duration (Tdi). Airway occlusion increased both NSPB and Tdi without changing onset or mean frequencies. NSPB and Tdi increased more during FRC occlusion than during EIL occlusion. Vagotomy caused effects similar to airway occlusion, except that onset frequency decreased. Increases in NSPB or Tdi following vagotomy were greater than those during FRC occlusion. After vagotomy, airway occlusion no longer altered SMU activity, but hypercapnia still increased onset, mean, and peak frequencies, caused no change in NSPB, and decreased Tdi. New findings in this study are 1) the constancy in NSPB of diaphragm SMUs in response to hypercapnia and 2) the decrease in the onset frequency after vagotomy. PMID- 6629954 TI - Ventilatory adjustments during sustained mechanical loading in conscious humans. AB - Ventilatory responses to inspiratory elastic and resistive loads of 67 men were analyzed. During the 1st, 5th, and 10th consecutively loaded breaths 1) individual responses ranged from a rapid-shallow to a slow-deep breathing pattern; 2) strong tidal volume (VT) defenders employed longer inspirations than did weak VT defenders; and 3) individual frequency responses were mediated by changes in inspiratory and/or expiratory timing. Thus the group response was qualitatively similar on the 1st, 5th, and 10th loaded breaths. Quantitatively, however, the group's mean minute ventilation increased throughout each episode owing to progressively larger tidal volumes coupled with equal breathing frequencies. During elastic loading this amplified VT defense was achieved by stronger inspirations with no systematic changes in timing, whereas during resistive loading it was achieved both by stronger and longer inspirations. Inspiring 5% CO2 induced a degree of hypercapnia exceeding that accompanying mechanical loading and yet elicited a comparatively modest enhancement of respiratory output. These findings suggest that in conscious humans 1) repeated mechanical loading activates neural load-compensating mechanisms; 2) the range of these neural adjustments varies with both load size and type; and 3) the stimulus to initiate this behavior is largely nonchemical. PMID- 6629955 TI - Time course of airway hyperresponsiveness induced by ozone in dogs. AB - To better understand the mechanism of ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness we determined the time course of the ozone effect in dogs. To do this we assessed airway responsiveness before ozone exposure and then at 1 h, 1 day, and 1 wk after ozone exposure. To assess responsiveness we anesthetized the dogs and obtained dose-response curves of increasing concentrations of acetylcholine or histamine aerosols delivered to the airways vs. pulmonary resistance. Ozone exposures were carried out with the dogs awake and at rest in an exposure chamber for 2 h breathing either through the nose and mouth at a level of 2.2 ppm or through a tracheostomy at a level of 1.0 ppm. For both acetylcholine and histamine and for both routes of ozone delivery airway responsiveness increased most markedly at 1 h after ozone, increased to a lesser degree 1 day later, and returned to control levels by 1 wk. The results are similar to our previous studies in humans that showed that ozone-induced hyperresponsiveness occurs shortly after exposure and is rapidly reversible and suggest that the ozone effect is linked to an acute inflammatory response in the airways. PMID- 6629956 TI - Role of rebreathing in determination of the blood-breath ratio of expired ethanol. AB - To settle certain discrepancies about the correct value of the blood-breath ratio of ethanol, I analyzed samples of end-expired air, rebreathed air, and venous blood during the postabsorptive phase of ethanol metabolism in healthy men. Ethanol was determined in blood and breath by gas chromatography. After rebreathing one to five times the concentrations of ethanol rose by 5.3, 11.2, 13.7, 14.8, and 16.9%, respectively, above the levels in end-expired air. The average increase after three cycles of rebreathing was about 10% after adjusting for the higher airway temperatures associated with rebreathing. Both methods of breath sampling correlated well with blood ethanol. The mean blood-breath ratio of ethanol was 2,225 +/- 111 (SD, n = 23) for end-expired breath and this value decreased by 5.7%/1 degree C rise in expired air temperature (P less than 0.05). The ratio was 1,947 +/- 110 (n = 23) after five cycles of rebreathing, and it was not significantly influenced by temperature, 0.5%/1 degree C (P greater than 0.05). Ethanol vapor is highly soluble in water and can rapidly equilibrate between airway fluids and respiratory air. During rebreathing the concentration of ethanol in breath rises leading to lower blood-breath partition ratios. PMID- 6629957 TI - Behavioral and autonomic thermoregulation in mice exposed to microwave radiation. AB - Preferred ambient temperature (Ta) and breathing rate were measured in free moving mice exposed to 2,450-MHz microwaves. A waveguide-exposure system was imposed with a longitudinal temperature gradient that permitted mice to select their preferred Ta. Breathing rate was determined by analyzing the rhythmic shifts in microwave energy not absorbed by the animal. Without microwave exposure mice selected an average Ta of 31 degrees C. This preferred Ta did not change until the specific absorption rate (SAR) at 2,450 MHz exceeded approximately 7.0 W X kg-1. Mice maintained their breathing rate near baseline levels by selecting a cooler Ta during microwave exposure. In contrast, mice maintained at 31 degrees C underwent a sharp increase in breathing rate when SAR exceeded approximately 7.0 W X kg-1. Mice exposed to microwaves in a waveguide with a temperature gradient increased breathing rate 0.6 breaths/min per unit increase in SAR, whereas without the temperature gradient breathing rate increased by 9.6 breaths/min per unit increase in SAR. Data from this study support previous studies that have shown behavioral thermoregulation is more effective (or efficient) in minimizing a thermal load than autonomic thermoregulation. PMID- 6629958 TI - Effect of lung inflation on alveolar-airway barrier protein permeability in dog lung. AB - To determine the leakiness to protein of the barrier that separates the air space and interstitial compartment of the lung, we measured perivascular interstitial fluid cuff protein concentration and volume in 10 isolated and 9 intact closed chest dog lung lobes, which we degassed and inflated to 25, 50, 75, or 100% of capacity with 5% bovine serum albumin labeled with Evans blue dye. After 1 h we froze the lobes in liquid N2 and made color transparencies of 20 randomly selected frozen samples of each lobe. We measured Evans blue dye-albumin concentrations from absorption by cuff images of a 50-micron-diam red (lambda = 620 nm) microspot. We measured absolute cuff volume (ml/g dry lung) by point counting on the transparencies. Using specific Evans blue-albumin fluorescence we determined that the dye was protein bound in airways and cuffs. Cuff protein concentration averaged 37% of instillate concentration and did not vary with inflation volume or between isolated and intact lobes. Cuff volume was 3.4 ml/g dry lung at total lung capacity in both isolated and intact lobes. We conclude that at some point the barrier is permeable to albumin as well as liquid at all lung volumes in dogs and that the protein sieving properties of the barrier do not change with lung expansion over the range examined. The liquid storage capacity of the cuffs can increase as much as 20-fold between low and high lung volumes. PMID- 6629959 TI - Effects of amphotericin B on ion and fluid movement across dog tracheal epithelium. AB - Ion fluxes or fluid flow were measured across sheets of dog tracheal epithelium mounted in Ussing chambers or a special apparatus, respectively. Under short circuit conditions, luminal amphotericin B (3 X 10(-5) M) caused an inhibition of net Cl secretion and an increase in net Na absorption across paired tissues. In paired tissues under resting open-circuit conditions, there was no significant net transepithelial flux of either Cl or Na. Amphotericin B induced significant net fluxes of both Cl and Na toward the serosal side. In separate tissues from the same animals, there was no significant transepithelial fluid movement under resting conditions. Amphotericin B caused a net absorption of fluid. The absorption of salt and fluid in amphotericin B-treated tissues was abolished by ouabain. We conclude that stimulation of active Na transport by amphotericin B leads to fluid absorption. In vivo, the movement of fluid across the dog tracheal epithelium may be dependent on a balance between active Cl secretion and active Na absorption. PMID- 6629960 TI - Flow of edema fluid into pulmonary airways. AB - An in situ rabbit preparation was used to characterize the manner in which edema fluid enters the airways when left atrial pressures are elevated. The airways were initially filled with fluid to minimize retrograde flow of edema fluid into the alveoli. The airway solution contained 125I-albumin and in some studies [14C]sucrose, and the lungs were perfused with a comparable solution which contained albumin labeled with Evans blue dye and 99mTc diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA) or 99mTc-sulfur-colloid particles (0.4-1.7 micron diam). After 30 min of perfusion, fluid was pumped from the airways into serial tubes. When left atrial pressures were low, there was very little transfer of labels detectable between the airway and perfusate solutions. However when left atrial pressures were increased to either 15 or 22 cmH2O, fluid entered the airways containing approximately the same concentrations of Evans blue dye and 99mTc-DTPA as those present in the perfusate. In contrast, the concentration of colloid particles averaged less than 5% perfusate concentrations, indicating that the fluid had not escaped through a tear in the barriers separating the vascular and airway compartments. Concentrations of the perfusate fluid and indicators were highest in the initial samples pumped from the airways. These observations suggest that some of the fluid entering the airways may be derived from peribronchial cuffs or that there are marked regional differences in edema formation from alveoli. PMID- 6629961 TI - Load compensation in obese patients during quiet tidal breathing. AB - Seventeen eucapnic massively obese patients and eight normal subjects had their respiratory cycle parameters studied while breathing room air at rest. Despite large variations in the degree of obesity, our patients demonstrated normal mean inspiratory and expiratory flow rates, duty cycles, and minute ventilation. The maintenance of normal mean inspiratory flow rates was found to be dependent on an augmentation of neuromuscular drive (P0.1); furthermore, a strong positive correlation between percentage ideal body weight (i.e., the degree of obesity) and P0.1 was present. The obese were found to partition their tidal volume preferentially to their rib cage compartment, choosing to leave the abdominal compartment relatively immobile. Analysis of the diaphragmatic electromyogram revealed a persistence of activity into early expiration, the length of which also depended on the degree of obesity. These findings suggest that the diaphragm's volume-generating function in the obese is reduced, and furthermore the persistence of its activity in expiration serves to attenuate the rate of expiratory flow. No significant difference in any respiratory cycle parameter was found between simple obesity patients and formerly hypercapnic obese patients. PMID- 6629962 TI - Alveolar liquid pressure in excised edematous dog lung with increased static recoil. AB - Alveolar liquid pressure (Pliq) was measured by micropipettes in conjunction with a servo-nulling pressure measuring system in isolated air-inflated edematous dog lungs. Pliq was measured in lungs either washed with a detergent (0.01% Triton X 100) or subjected to refrigeration for 2-3 days followed by ventilation for 3 h. At 55% of total lung capacity (TLC, the volume at a transpulmonary pressure (Ptp) of 25 cmH2O before treatment), in both the Triton-washed and the ventilated lung, Ptp increased from 5 to 11 cmH2O, whereas Pliq, decreased from -3 to -11 cmH2O relative to alveolar air pressure. Similar increases in Ptp and decreases in Pliq were obtained at higher lung volumes. Alveolar surface tension (T) was estimated from the Laplace equation for a spherical air-liquid interface, assuming that the radius of curvature varies as (volume)n, for -1/3 less than n less than 1/3. For uniform expansion of alveoli (n = 1/3), estimated T was 6 and 18 dyn/cm at 55 and 85% TLC, respectively, before treatment and increased to 23 and 40 dyn/cm following either Triton washing or ventilation. If pericapillary interstitial fluid pressure (Pi) equaled Pliq in edematous lungs, increases in T might reduce Pi and increase extravascular fluid accumulation in lungs made stiff by either Triton washing or cooling and ventilation using large tidal volumes. PMID- 6629963 TI - Superoxide dismutase with heparin prevents increased lung vascular permeability during air emboli in sheep. AB - We studied the effects of bovine superoxide dismutase on the increased lung microvascular permeability to fluid and protein during air emboli in unanesthetized sheep. We measured pulmonary arterial and left atrial pressures, cardiac output, lung lymph flow, and lymph and plasma protein concentrations. In air emboli experiments we continuously infused the same dose of air bubbles 1 mm in diameter into the right atrium of each sheep to increase pulmonary vascular resistance to 2-4 times base-line values. We did experiments in pairs so that each sheep served as its own control. We found an increase in protein-rich lymph flow from the lung during embolization in untreated sheep, indicating an increase in microvascular permeability to both fluid and protein. When we pretreated the sheep with heparin (300 U/kg) and infused them with intravenous bovine superoxide dismutase (1 mg X kg-1 X h-1 beginning before the air infusion), we found that vascular pressures and pulmonary vascular resistance were not different from untreated sheep but that the expected increases in transvascular fluid and protein flow during emboli were significantly decreased (P less than 0.0005). Heparin alone did not significantly attenuate the increased microvascular permeability but we found that it greatly enhanced the effectiveness of superoxide dismutase in preserving microvascular functional integrity during air emboli. We conclude that superoxide anion, probably produced and released by leukocytes, is a central factor in the microvascular injury that results in increased permeability in the lungs of sheep during air microembolization. PMID- 6629964 TI - Interaction of excitatory and inhibitory respiratory afterdischarge mechanisms in piglets. AB - Afferent inputs to the central neuronal networks responsible for respiratory control can have effects on respiratory output that persist even after cessation of the original stimulus. In adults, carotid sinus nerve (CSN) stimulation activates a central excitatory mechanism which causes prolonged elevation of respiratory output. In newborns, superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) stimulation activates a central inhibitory mechanism which causes prolonged inhibition of respiratory output. The present study was designed to confirm that CSN stimulation in newborns also activates a long-acting central excitatory mechanism and to determine in what way the long-acting excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms interact. Anesthetized, paralyzed, and vagotomized piglets (2-30 days) were studied. Integrated phrenic nerve activity was determined before, during, and after stimulus trials consisting of CSN and SLN stimulation alone or following trials of sequential or simultaneous CSN and SLN stimulation. Respiratory output following CSN stimulation remained elevated and only gradually declined to the base-line value. Respiratory output following SLN stimulation remained depressed and only gradually recovered to the base-line value. One minute after cessation of the sequential trials, the respiratory output was intermediate between that of CSN or SLN stimulation alone at equivalent poststimulus times. We conclude that the central neural mechanisms which mediate the persistent poststimulus effects of CSN and SLN stimulation are independent but that they interact for a prolonged period following simultaneous or sequential activation. In infants, this interaction may effect respiratory stability during episodes of central or obstructive apnea and hypoxia. PMID- 6629965 TI - Influences of exercise intensity, age, and medication on resting systolic blood pressure of SHR populations. AB - The influence of exercise training on the resting caudal arterial blood pressures (RBP) of hypertensive rats is unclear despite numerous investigations by different investigators. To determine whether RBP values were influenced by the intensity and the initial age of the animal at the time of training, several studies were undertaken that involved more than 100 rats. When male and female rats were endurance trained for 24 wk at an O2 consumption in excess of 75% of their maximum (Vo2 max), RBP results from nontrained (NT) or trained (T) animals were not significantly different even though at several time periods the T animals had higher resting pressures. However, when exercising rats at an intensity level representing 40-60% of their Vo2 max, the T groups had consistently lower RBP than their NT controls during the majority of the experimental time periods. In addition exercising young (2-3 wk old) hypertensive prone rats at a moderate intensity was associated with lower RBP within 4-6 wk after the initiation of training; however, exercise training could not normalize RBP. Reduced dosages (85% of normal) of antihypertensive medication, when combined with moderate training, was also associated with lower and "normal" RBP in male but not female rats. We conclude that moderate exercise at an early age when combined with subnormal dosages of antihypertensive medication holds promise for the normalization of RBP in male hypertensive rats of a genetic origin. PMID- 6629966 TI - Enkephalin-induced changes in ventilation and ventilatory pattern in adult dogs. AB - We studied the changes in ventilation induced by intracisternal administration of enkephalins in four unanesthetized adult dogs. Instantaneous minute ventilation (VT/TT) decreased markedly after D-Ala-Met-enkephalinamide (DAME). Mean VT/TT decreased maximally by 20-50 min after DAME and lasted an additional 15-60 min; by 2 h, VT/TT had returned to base line. Four doses (5, 25, 60, and 125 micrograms/kg) of DAME were used, and the ventilatory response depended on the dose. Mean inspiratory time decreased but mean expiratory time and mean TT showed a marked prolongation. Periodic breathing (2-3 breaths separated by long apneic pauses) occurred in every study and the frequency of sighs increased considerably. All these ventilatory changes were reversed by low doses of naloxone or naltrexone; in addition, VT/TT increased well above base line after the administration of these antagonists. However, naloxone did not increase VT/TT when injected without prior administration of DAME. We conclude that 1) the decrease in VT/TT is due to a decrease in respiratory duty cycle; 2) periodic breathing and increased frequency of sighs constitute part of the changes in the ventilatory pattern induced by DAME; 3) a ventilatory withdrawal reaction may occur after a receptor-agonist interaction of short duration; and 4) although enkephalins can modulate ventilation and the breathing pattern in a major way, these data provide no evidence suggesting that this modulation is tonic. PMID- 6629967 TI - Role of alveolar recruitment in lung inflation: influence on pressure-volume hysteresis. AB - The behavior of terminal lung units (alveoli) with changes in lung volume is controversial. For example, different investigators using similar techniques have suggested that alveoli expand homogeneously or, conversely, get smaller with increases in lung volume. We studied this problem by filling excised dog lobes with monodisperse aerosol and observing deposition at zero airflow. Under these conditions, the deposition of particles is inversely proportional to a mean alveolar linear dimension (ALD). With this technique, changes in ALD were assessed as the lung ventilated along its pressure-volume (PV) curve. PV curves were generated using a rapid cycling technique that minimized trapping and allowed reversible regulation of inflation-deflation hysteresis. Irreversible changes in PV hysteresis were assessed by rinsing the lung with Tween. With significant PV hysteresis, the ALD progressively decreased with inflation to total lung capacity (TLC). With deflation from TLC, the ALD was unchanged until low volumes were reached, when it decreased markedly. When PV hysteresis was minimized (reversibly or irreversibly), inflation and deflation ALD were superimposed. These data are consistent with progressive alveolar recruitment with inflation to TLC and derecruitment with deflation. The correlation between alveolar dimensions and PV hysteresis suggests that shifts in the PV curve can be accounted for by changes in the population of units. The number open at any given point is determined by the dynamic history of inflation. PMID- 6629968 TI - Analysis of blood flow in cat's lung with detailed anatomical and elasticity data. AB - Recently, a complete set of data on the branching pattern of the cat's pulmonary arterial and venous trees and the elasticity of these blood vessels was obtained in our laboratory. Hence it becomes possible for the first time to perform a theoretical analysis of the blood flow in the lung of an animal based on a set of actual data on anatomy and elasticity. This paper presents an analysis of steady flow of blood in cat's lung. The effect of the vessel elasticity is embodied in the "fifth-power law" and the "sheet-flow" theory. The theory yields the pressure flow relationship of the whole lung, the longitudinal pressure distribution, and the transit time of blood in the capillaries. These results are compared with available experimental data in the literature. PMID- 6629969 TI - Dynamic BTPS correction factors for spirometric data. AB - Because it is often difficult to completely control ambient temperature, a study was conducted to investigate dynamic body temperature pressure saturated (BTPS) correction factors for spirometric data. A forced expiratory simulator system was heated to 37 degrees C and loaded with air saturated with water vapor. This air was then forced from the simulator into a dry rolling-seal spirometer maintained at various ambient temperatures from 3 to 32 degrees C. Errors in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and peak flow from assuming a constant BTPS correction ranged from 7.7 and 14.1% at 3 degrees C to 2.1 and 4.6% at 23 degrees C. Differences between errors observed when saturated and dry air were forced into the spirometer indicate that water vapor condensation introduces an added heat load to the spirometer, adding approximately one percent to the error in FEV1 at lower temperatures. By use of a model to estimate the dynamic BTPS correction factor, errors in FEV1 at all temperatures between 3 and 32 degrees C were reduced to less than 1.5%. PMID- 6629970 TI - Chronic extracellular recording of fetal medullary neuronal activity. AB - A technique for chronic extracellular recording of neuronal activity in the medullary region of fetal sheep during different sleep states is described. Of 51 recorded neurones, 54% were associated with respiration, blood pressure changes, or muscle electromyograms, and 46% were nonspecific. During apnea (nonrapid-eye movement sleep) both inspiratory and expiratory neurons had random intermittent activity. Thus apnea is not associated with tonic expiratory neuronal activity. PMID- 6629972 TI - An evaluation of an adolescent family planning program. AB - The family planning program of an adolescent care clinic (ACC) was evaluated to determine its effect on the teenage birth rate. The ACC was attempting to provide more accessible family planning services to a low-income, minority teenage population. The first evaluation compared the teenage birth rate for the target area served by the ACC with a matched area for 4 years before the ACC began offering services ("pre-intervention") and four years after ("post intervention"). The two groups did not differ for the pre-intervention period, but the ACC target area had a lower birth rate for the post-intervention period (p = 0.015). The second evaluation was designed to compare the teenage birth rate within the target area for adolescents using the ACC and those not using the service for one year. Adjusting for age and race, the rate for the ACC was 58.0 births per 1,000 and for the non-ACC group, 112.4 births per 1,000 (p less than 0.001). The results suggest the importance of providing accessible family planning services for adolescents. PMID- 6629971 TI - Menstrual dysfunction in cystic fibrosis. AB - Several factors potentially involved in the menstrual dysfunction of some females with cystic fibrosis were analyzed by a retrospective chart review. The mean age of menarche for the cystic fibrosis patients was 14.4 years, compared to 12.9 years for American females (p less than 0.001). At last evaluation, comparison of the mean figures for amenorrheic patients and for menarchal cystic fibrosis patients reveals statistically significant differences in the age of diagnosis, weight-height index, weight, height, percent of body fat, weight percentile, and height percentile. The highest correlative was weight (r = 0.59). Of our cystic fibrosis patients who were menarchal, 95% had a weight greater than 82 pounds, whereas 75% of those who were amenorrheic weighed less than 82 pounds. Menstrual irregularities, sexual activity, and contraceptive use among these patients also is discussed. PMID- 6629973 TI - Serological response to rubella revaccination in adolescent females. AB - The study's purpose was to utilize ELISA in determining rubella susceptibility in teenagers who are seronegative by HI. Ten previously vaccinated, seronegative adolescent females were revaccinated with RA 27/3 and their IgG and IgM responses measured by ELISA. Before revaccination, all 10 were seronegative for rubella by HI (less than 1:10). However, by ELISA, six showed an IgG and no IgM levels. After reimmunization, three showed a significant IgM response by day 6, indicating primary rubella exposure. The remaining seven females failed to demonstrate an IgM response; however, the failure was consistent with a history of prior rubella vaccination. Peak IgG responses were noted by day 12 in nine of the females. The remaining teenager failed to show an IgG response and was considered a vaccine failure. This study confirms the superiority of ELISA as compared to HI titers in determining rubella susceptibility. PMID- 6629974 TI - A somaticizing adolescent: an approach to evaluation and therapy. AB - Adolescents may chronically somatize as part of the symptoms of an underlying psychological disorder. Unless the underlying psychological disorder. Unless the underlying psychopathology is recognized by the treating physician, chronic somatization may result in high cost to the health care system due to frequent use and unnecessary biochemical and radiographic evaluation. The case presented is illustrative of the differential diagnosis and management of such a patient. PMID- 6629975 TI - ECG of the month. Muscular dystrophy with involvement of sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodal tissues. PMID- 6629976 TI - Radiotherapy of malignant nasal tumors in 21 dogs. AB - The nasal cavity of 21 dogs with malignant nasal neoplasia was treated with radiation. Preirradiation surgical debulking of the tumor was done in 18 of the dogs. Three dogs were treated with L-phenylalanine mustard after radiotherapy. The range of survival times (5 to 79 months), mean survival time (25 months), median survival time (23 months), 1-year survival rate (57%), and 2-year survival rate (48%) were encouraging and suggested that the described treatment was satisfactory for malignant nasal tumors. Dogs tolerated the treatment well. Signs of nasal cavity disease such as periodic nasal discharge, periodic sneezing, and occasional nasal obstruction by mucus persisted in surviving dogs. PMID- 6629977 TI - Immotile cilia syndrome in three dogs from a litter. PMID- 6629978 TI - Echocardiographic assessment of congenital aortic stenosis in dogs. AB - Eleven dogs with congenital aortic stenosis were studied with M-mode echocardiography. In these dogs, the aorta was increased in dimension during diastole (P less than 0.02) and systole (P less than 0.05). The left ventricular outflow tract was decreased in dimension (P less than 0.01). There was premature, early systolic closure of the aortic valve in 45% of the dogs. Concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle was confirmed via echocardiography, as evidenced by increased dimension of the left ventricular wall (P less than 0.01) and interventricular septum (P less than 0.01). PMID- 6629979 TI - Vulvar and vaginal tumors in the dog: a retrospective study. AB - Vulvar or vaginal neoplasia was diagnosed in 99 dogs. The most common clinical sign was vulvar discharge or the sudden appearance of a protruding mass from the vulva. Most of the dogs were old (average age, 10.8 years) and sexually intact. Of the 99 tumors, 72 were benign, 17 were malignant, and 10 were transmissible venereal tumors. Except for the transmissible venereal tumors, most tumors were of smooth muscle or fibrous tissue origin (leiomyoma, fibroma, and leiomyosarcoma). In the dogs with benign tumors, surgical excision of the tumor combined with ovariohysterectomy was effective in preventing recurrence of disease. PMID- 6629980 TI - Juvenile renal disease in related Standard Poodles. AB - Chronic renal failure was diagnosed in 6 young Standard Poodles from 2 related litters. Clinically, the disease was characterized by polydipsia, polyuria, anorexia, lethargy, vomiting, and bony deformities suggestive of fibrous osteodystrophy. Laboratory evaluation revealed azotemia and hypercholesterolemia in all 6 dogs and nonregenerative anemia in 3 dogs. Two dogs had hyperphosphatemia and another 2 were hypercalcemic. Isosthenuria and proteinuria were found in both dogs for which urinalyses were available. The kidneys were characterized pathologically by interstitial fibrosis, variable interstitial infiltrates of lymphocytes and plasma cells, tubular atrophy, tubular dilatation, tubular basement membrane mineralization, cystic glomerular atrophy, and immaturity of glomeruli, with inconspicuous capillary lumens. PMID- 6629981 TI - Double aortic arch in a dog. PMID- 6629983 TI - Burnout. PMID- 6629982 TI - Disseminated mycobacteriosis in a cat. PMID- 6629984 TI - Kochia scoparia poisoning in cattle. AB - Cattle consuming only high-sulfate water (2.3 g/L) and Kochia scoparia in a marginal pasture in southeastern Colorado were periodically monitored by serum chemical profiles. Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum sorbitol dehydrogenase, and serum bilirubin values were abnormally high over extended periods, suggesting chronic toxicosis, but the toxicosis seemed accentuated after substantial rains, when plant growth was accelerated, and flowering, pollination, and early seed development were occurring. Clinical disease was manifested primarily as photosensitization. Polioencephalomalacia was also produced. Evidence of a thiamin-destructive principle in K scoparia was obtained. PMID- 6629985 TI - Automated serum chemical analysis in the foal. AB - Blood was collected from healthy Quarter Horse and Appaloosa foals at birth and at intervals until 18 weeks of age and then was processed in an automated system for serum chemical analysis, grouping the results by age. The test values were markedly different from those normally expected in adult horses. The greatest differences were in alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose, and total bilirubin measurements. It was concluded that serum biochemical test results be compared with age-specific normal values before diagnoses are made in cases of illness. PMID- 6629986 TI - Palatal myositis in horses with dorsal displacement of the soft palate. AB - The histologic and histochemical features of palatine muscles from 53 horses were studied; 25 of the horses were racehorses that had upper airway obstruction associated with dorsal displacement of the soft palate and 28 of the horses did not have any respiratory disorders and served as controls. Pathologic features observed included myonecrosis, phagocytosis, mononuclear cell infiltration of perimysial connective tissue, alkaline phosphatase-positive myofibers, and myofibers with cytoarchitectural changes that included irregular staining of the intermyofibrillar sarcoplasm and sarcoplasmic masses. These histopathologic features were judged to be indicative of myositis. Those features were found in both control horses and horses with dorsal displacement of the soft palate; however, their prevalence was higher in horses with dorsal displacement of the soft palate. For the control horses as well as the horses with dorsal displacement of the soft palate, the inflammatory changes were more prevalent in older horses. The finding of myositis suggests that palatal muscle weakness may contribute to the development of dorsal displacement of the soft palate; however, the myositis might have been secondary to trauma associated with displacement of the soft palate. We could not distinguish between these 2 possibilities. A large number of horses with dorsal displacement of the soft palate also had concurrent pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia. Extension of the mucosal inflammatory changes associated with pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia into the underlying palatine muscle might have accounted for the myositis. PMID- 6629987 TI - Bacterial endotoxin in blood of dysgalactic sows in relation to microbial status of uterus, milk, and intestine. AB - Clinical cases of lactation failure in sows from 6 swine herds in Illinois were investigated for the presence of bacterial endotoxins in blood and the concurrent microbial status of uterus, milk, and intestine. Twenty-five affected sows were compared with 13 contemporary healthy sows (controls) in the same herds. A higher prevalence of bacterial endotoxin in blood of affected sows than in the controls, although not statistically significant, supported earlier theories of endotoxin involvement in the disease. Further, a positive relationship was noticed between prevalence of solely gram-negative bacteria in ileum and milk and development of dysgalactia and endotoxemia. No such relationship was found for bacterial isolates from the uterus, suggesting lack of association between lactation failure and metritis. PMID- 6629988 TI - Giant cell tumor of soft parts in six horses. AB - Giant cell tumor of soft parts was diagnosed in 6 horses 3 to 12 years old (mean, 6.8 +/- 3.5 years): 3 Quarter Horse geldings, 2 Standardbred mares, and 1 Standardbred stallion. The neoplasms developed as raised, solitary masses, approximately 1 to 4 cm in diameter, which were firmly attached to subcutaneous tissue of the neck (1 horse), shoulder (1 horse), thigh (2 horses), or stifle (2 horses). Excision was followed by local recurrence in 3 horses within 1 to 1 1/2 months. The neoplasms were firm and cut with resistance. On cut surface, they were white, with mottled red hemorrhagic areas. PMID- 6629990 TI - Repair of ureteral defect in a foal. PMID- 6629989 TI - Focal metaphyseal osteomyelitis following open fracture in three horses. PMID- 6629991 TI - Retained twin fetus in a mare. PMID- 6629992 TI - Streptothricosis in a dairy herd. PMID- 6629993 TI - Photosensitization associated with exposure of cattle to moldy straw. PMID- 6629994 TI - Acetaminophen poisoning in cats and man. PMID- 6629995 TI - Leptospirosis immunization. PMID- 6629996 TI - Massive hematuria of nontraumatic renal origin in dogs. AB - Massive hematuria of renal origin was diagnosed in 4 dogs. In all dogs, blood and blood clots were clearly visible in the urine. Serum urea nitrogen and urine concentrating ability were normal. All dogs were anemic, and results of coagulation and platelet function tests were within normal limits. Excretory urography indicated hydroureter and hydronephrosis in all dogs, with filling defects in the bladder attributable to large blood clots in 2 dogs. Cystotomy and catheterization of the ureters enabled identification of one kidney as the source of bleeding in 3 dogs. Unilateral nephrectomy and ureterectomy resolved their hematuria. The results of histologic examination were normal in 2 dogs. The 3rd dog had evidence of pyelitis. Cystoscopy of the 4th dog did not reveal hematuria from either ureter. The dog was not operated on and it continued to have intermittent hematuria. PMID- 6629997 TI - Hereditary cataracts in canaries. PMID- 6629998 TI - Proliferative enteritis in two pups. PMID- 6629999 TI - Iatrogenic metabolic alkalosis with respiratory alkalosis in a dog with patent ductus arteriosus. PMID- 6630000 TI - Fatal nephrotoxicosis associated with furosemide and gentamicin therapy in a dog. PMID- 6630001 TI - Transmissible venereal tumor of the soft palate in a dog. PMID- 6630003 TI - Change in effective power of posterior chamber lenses placed with the plano surface anterior. AB - Posterior chamber lenses were inserted with the plano surface anterior because of theoretical optical improvements in spherical and chromatic aberration, less induced magnification, and a reported decrease in late opacification of the posterior capsule. A decrease in effective lens power occurred, with a shift in observed refraction of approximately + 1.50 diopters (D) from that calculated. This finding is explained by the location of the principal planes of a plano convex lens. Orienting the plano surface anteriorly causes an observed increase in required anterior chamber depth (ACD) calculation that averages 1.1 mm. Required ACD using the Binkhorst formula was 5.1 mm; the Sanders-Retzlaff-Kraff (SRK) A constant required was 118.7. The need for secondary capsulotomy has been only 5.8% with an average follow-up of 19 months and a range of 12-27 months. PMID- 6630002 TI - Studies of residual alkali on intraocular lenses sterilized with NaOH. AB - We measured the effects of pH changes after water washings of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) intraocular lenses sterilized in 10% sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Whereas inserting the base-sterilized lens directly into the eye causes a large pH change in the local area of the implant, three separate washings of the NaOH-treated implant in 15 ml of water eliminates this change. No buffer is required. PMID- 6630004 TI - Serial corneal endothelial cell loss with lathe-cut and injection-molded posterior chamber intraocular lenses. AB - We compared endothelial cell loss of patients implanted with lathe-cut posterior chamber lenses and those implanted with injection-molded lenses over a three-year postoperative period. Results were based on more than 2,500 measurements of corneal endothelial density. Although the technique of cataract extraction (anterior chamber phacoemulsification, posterior chamber phacoemulsification, or planned extracapsular extraction) significantly affected cell loss (P less than .01), the type of implant (lathe-cut or injection-molded) did not. Significant continuing endothelial cell loss did not occur during the first three postoperative years with injection-molded lenses. There was, however, a statistically significant 7% to 15% additional cell loss after surgery over the first two to three postoperative years with lathe-cut implants. There have been no cases of corneal endothelial decompensation developing after implantation of injection-molded or lathe-cut lenses. Because a standard field clinical specular microscope was used in this study, cell counting errors cannot be ruled out as a cause of these findings. PMID- 6630005 TI - Intraocular lens implantation in unilateral congenital cataract: a preliminary report. AB - We performed pars plana lensectomy with secondary anterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in 32 cases of unilateral congenital cataract with otherwise normal appearing eyes. Five of the 12 patients old enough to respond achieved a visual acuity of 20/60 or better with evidence of fusion. We advocate operating within the first few months of life to lessen amblyopia. PMID- 6630006 TI - Secondary implantation of anterior chamber lenses. AB - One hundred and sixty-nine aphakic eyes underwent secondary implantation of anterior chamber lenses. The postoperative visual acuity decreased by one or more lines in five eyes (3%), remained the same in 71 eyes (42%), and improved by one or more lines in 93 eyes (55%). The presence of macular degeneration, background diabetic retinopathy, and open-angle glaucoma with a cup-to-disc ratio of 0.6 or less did not contribute to any visual deterioration. PMID- 6630007 TI - Amvisc in extracapsular cataract extraction. AB - Amvisc, a purified fraction of sodium hyaluronate, was evaluated and compared with Healon in cataract extraction and primary intraocular lens implantation. Both visco-elastic solutions are valuable adjuncts to intraocular surgery. A number of patients had moderately elevated IOP after these solutions had been used in the anterior chamber. This moderate elevation was observed less frequently with Amvisc than with Healon, and may be attributed to the lower viscosity of Amvisc. Both visco-elastic solutions provide good endothelial protection as evidenced by the minimal corneal edema seen in both groups. Postoperative anterior chamber inflammation was minimal in all patients in this study. PMID- 6630008 TI - Low power intraocular lenses. AB - We believe that implantation of low diopter power IOLs in eyes with myopia carries no apparent increased risks when the usual precautions concerning cataract surgery with implantation are observed. Axial length measurements are mandatory to choose appropriate lens power. The visual results are excellent and aniseikonia is minimized with lens implantation. Patients are satisfied with the functional results of their postoperative vision. PMID- 6630009 TI - Design theory and application of dual placement anterior chamber/posterior chamber lenses. PMID- 6630011 TI - Use of preoperative sedation. PMID- 6630010 TI - Compressible loop posterior chamber lenses. PMID- 6630012 TI - Versatility of the Sheets lens glide. PMID- 6630013 TI - Recurrent intraocular hemorrhage associated with posterior chamber lens implantation. PMID- 6630014 TI - A simple method of implantation within the capsular bag. AB - We describe a new method of implantation in the capsular bag. The initial anterior capsulotomy incision is limited to a linear opening from 10 o'clock to 2 o'clock. The nucleus is expressed and the cortical remnants are removed. An implant, specially designed for this technique, is introduced vertically between anterior and posterior capsules and then rotated to a horizontal position entirely within the capsular bag. Finally, a central piece of anterior capsule is excised. PMID- 6630015 TI - Size of the crushed cataractous capsule bag. AB - The size of the crushed cataractous bag was determined by measuring the diameters and widths of 50 cataracts removed by cryoextraction and then mathematically determining their individual areas and crushed bag size. These lenses had a collapsed bag size of 10.8 +/- 1.4 mm. PMID- 6630016 TI - A slide rule for calculating the power of an intraocular lens. AB - We have designed a slide rule to calculate the emmetropizing and iseikonizing power of an intraocular lens (IOL). Like the dial biometer currently used for these calculations, the slide rule is inexpensive, easy to use, simple, and a compact pocket size. It can, however, also be used to calculate postoperative refractive error, corneal power when various keratometers are used, and conversion of refractive correction at the spectacle frame to that at the cornea, or vice versa. All the calculated data are within the accuracy suitable for clinical work. PMID- 6630017 TI - A technique of retrobulbar block with paralysis of orbicularis oculi. AB - In ophthalmic surgeries requiring akinesia of the levator and orbicularis oculi muscles, a modified retrobulbar nerve block utilizing 0.75% bupivacaine hydrochloride with hyaluronidase in adequate dosage greatly reduces the need for a seventh nerve block, thus reducing patient discomfort. PMID- 6630018 TI - A method for measuring the anterior chamber. AB - The width of the anterior chamber can be measured accurately before the insertion of anterior chamber lenses. This measurement is made with an imprinted suture. PMID- 6630019 TI - Headband for Honan balloon. PMID- 6630021 TI - When do you routinely discharge the patient to go home after your standard cataract-extraction, lens-implantation technic? PMID- 6630020 TI - Scleral retraction forceps for anterior chamber lens implantation. PMID- 6630022 TI - What is a profession? AB - The Western world has long cherished the ideal and idea of professions, of groups who, because of the special nature of their activities, "profess" themselves dedicated to moral standards that oblige them to place the good of those they serve above their own self-interest. But for several decades this pristine ideal has undergone serious erosion, and the practical and moral consequences of this erosion for society are yet to be fully examined. Is there some justification for retaining the traditional idea of a profession? The author here argues that there is such a justification and that it can be found in the nature of the human needs the professions address and the human relationships peculiar to them. These are sufficiently distinct to warrant expectations of a higher morality and a greater commitment to the good of others than in most other human activities. The argument considers (1) the forces that have contributed to the erosion of the traditional notion, (2) what a true profession is not, (3) what distinguishes a profession philosophically from other activities, and (4) where in this schema the allied health and other "new" health professions fit. PMID- 6630023 TI - Teaching decision-making skills in biomedical ethics for the allied health student. AB - The prevailing case study approach to teaching biomedical ethics and a new methodology using exercises designed to develop decision-making skills are compared. Advantages of this new approach and suggested course content are outlined. PMID- 6630024 TI - Ethics in allied health education: state of the art. AB - This article addresses three aspects of the "state of the art" of ethics in allied health education. The first section reviews four types of concerns legitimately voiced by allied health educators as they try to ascertain the appropriate place of ethics in their curricula. The second part discusses the discipline of ethics itself, highlighting those areas of particular relevance to allied health professionals. In the last section three arguments are presented in favor of incorporating a substantial focus on ethics into the formal preparation of allied health students. The article emphasizes the clinical relevance of ethical decision making. PMID- 6630026 TI - To our newest colleagues in allied health: a valedictory. PMID- 6630025 TI - Placing the humanities perspective in the health professional curriculum. AB - Most health professional education consists of three separate stages: a general background that provides a humanities perspective, a core of basic science or theory courses, and lengthy clinical experiences. Challenges to this strict compartmentalization and sequencing have led to limited humanities and social sciences training for health professional students. A constant struggle for time allocation occurs between preclinical and clinical faculty. What place can be found in an already crowded curriculum for a humanities perspective, especially when this perspective has supposedly been addressed at an earlier stage in each student's education? This article proposes that a humanities perspective is one of three distinct themes of a professional's education (along with theory and practice) and also the necessary cultural context out of which the professional judges him- or herself. The importance of the humanities perspective is such that the present sequenced pattern should be reconsidered and more attention given to the integration of the three major educational themes throughout students' training. PMID- 6630027 TI - The re-innervation of olfactory glomeruli following transection of primary olfactory axons in the central or peripheral nervous system. AB - The re-innervation of the olfactory bulb has been studied in rats in which the primary afferent axons were transected either in the peripheral nervous system, on the intracranial side of the cribriform plate, or in the central nervous system, in the nerve fibre layer of the bulb. Both procedures resulted in denervation of glomeruli on the dorsal surface of the olfactory bulb. Re innervation of these glomeruli was first seen approximately three weeks after operation and was largely completed by the sixth week, irrespective of the site of the lesion. The similarity of the timing of re-innervation following the two procedures indicates that the cut fibres did not regenerate from their sites of transection. It is much more probable that the re-innervation axons were those of neurons newly generated in the olfactory epithelium. This view is supported by the results of other investigations, in which retrograde degeneration and subsequent replacement of the neurons have been found to follow transection of the olfactory nerves. After transection of the olfactory nerves, the new axons entering the bulb grew through the site of the lesion, across the interface between peripheral and central nervous tissue, through the nerve fibre layer and into the glomeruli. Thus, they followed the same course as normally growing primary olfactory axons. After the afferent fibres had been cut within the olfactory bulb, the site of transection was transformed into a scar composed largely of astrocytes. No olfactory axons grew through the scar and none passed beneath it in the deeper layers of the bulb. However, by tracing the anterograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase, it has been shown that axons immediately rostral to the lesion terminated in the re-innervated glomeruli. These denervated glomeruli were, therefore, probably re-innervated by axons that grew through the intact central nervous tissue of the nerve fibre layer on either side of the lesion. PMID- 6630028 TI - Postnatal growth and differentiation of muscle fibres in the mouse. II. A histochemical and morphometrical investigation of dystrophic muscle. AB - Postnatal development of three hind legs muscles, the soleus, plantaris, and gastrocnemius, of dystrophic mice (ReJ 129) was investigated with histochemical and morphometric methods. The results were compared with normal postnatal development. Especially during the second week postnatally, there was severe fibre necrosis with no apparent preference for any particular fibre type. This period of necrosis was shortly followed by a wave or regeneration during the third week that could not, however, compensate for the loss of fibres. In dystrophic animals of 4-5 months of age, the number of fibres was reduced by 40 70%. Cross sectional areas of dystrophic muscles rarely, if ever, exceeded values for normal animals 14 days of age, while body weights were also drastically reduced. Growth and differentiation of the nonaffected fibres proceeded almost normally during the first month. During the second month, the "slow' fibres in the soleus muscle, and the "fast-oxidative-glycolytic' fibres in the plantaris muscle were hypertrophied, while, incidentally, some "fast-glycolytic' fibres showed hypertrophy; but in this case the average size of the fibre type was not increased. After two months, a general fibre atrophy was observed. The fate of the regenerated fibres was difficult to trace, especially in muscles older than one month. It is assumed that a number of them were capable of developing into "adult' fibre types histochemically. During the course of the disease the percentage of "intermediate' fibres increased markedly, whereas nearly all "fast glycolytic' fibres disappeared. Because of these shifts in fibre profiles, the plantaris and the gastrocnemius muscles obtained a rather "juvenile' and "oxidative' aspect. Changes in the histochemical character of the soleus muscle were less spectacular. In dystrophic muscles, no new fibre types were found, compared with normal muscles. Rather, fibre types were present at the wrong moment, or occurred in quantities unusual for the age concerned. PMID- 6630029 TI - Rat extraocular muscle. 1. Three dimensional cytoarchitecture, component fibre populations and innervation. AB - Rat superior oblique extraocular muscle was examined in serial sections by light and electron microscopy. By such analysis, it was possible to discriminate single versus multiply innervated fibres, characteristics of the internal structure of fibres, and topographical distribution of the respective fibre populations within the muscle. The superior oblique muscle was observed to consist of two distinguishable muscle portions; one portion originated proximally and the other muscle portion originated distally after passing through the trochlea tendon. Seven morphologically distinct fibre populations were discernible. Four populations, three singly innervated fibre populations and one multiply innervated fibre population, were localised in the global region; these differed in terms of diameter, mitochondrial richness, development of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and myofibrillar size. The orbital surface layer contained two singly innervated and one multiply innervated populations; all of these exhibited systematic morphological variability. The multiply innervated fibres displayed multiple, relatively superficial, neuromuscular junctions along their length, as well as end plate-like junctions which were apparently confined to the region of the singly innervated fibre innervation band, thus suggesting polyneuronal innervation. In the latter region, the multiply innervated fibres displayed morphological features characteristic of "twitch' fibres; away from this region these cells appeared to have morphological features typical of "tonic' fibres. In contrast, the global multiply innervated fibres were constant diameter and form along their length, and displayed only relatively superficial neuromuscular junctions. PMID- 6630030 TI - A histochemical and electron microscopic study on the collagen of nerves in the domestic fowl. AB - The collagen in the endoneurium is present as argyrophilic reticular fibres, which show up as thin, weakly birefringent greenish fibres when studied by aid of the Picrosirius-polarization method, and are composed of loosely arranged thin collagen fibrils. The epineurium consists of thick non-argyrophilic collagen fibres, which display a strong birefringence of red or yellow colour when studied by the aid of the Picrosirius-polarization method, and consist of closely packed thick collagen fibrils. These characteristics strongly suggest that the reticular fibres in the endo- and perineurium are composed mainly of collagen Type III, whereas collagen Type I predominates in the epineurium. The fact that these observations on birds are consistent with the descriptions available in the literature for fish, amphibians, reptiles and mammals, argues in favour of the existence of a uniform structural pattern of collagen distribution that is a general phenomenon in vertebrate nerves. PMID- 6630031 TI - Incidence of the metopic suture in adult Nigerian skulls. AB - This study was carried out on 206 adult Nigerian skulls for the incidence of the metopic suture. Metopism was present in 3.4% of cases, and a metopic suture (complete or incomplete) was observed in 34.97% of the skulls. The metopic suture was present in the lower part of the frontal bone, in various shapes, in 30.10% of cases. The most common shape observed was linear type (24.27%). Inverted U shaped, and wide side to side excursion, were found in 0.49% of cases of each kind, these being the least common form of the suture. The incidence in the upper, upper middle and lower middle parts of the frontal bone was 0.49% in each type. PMID- 6630032 TI - Postnatal development of cell types in the rat pineal gland. AB - The morphological development of the rat pineal gland has been studied from 1 to 60 days of age. During the first days, undifferentiated cells (pinealoblasts) with scanty cytoplasm and frequent mitotic figures were observed. The differentiation of cell types (Types I and II pinealocytes) began on the third day after birth and was completed by days 15-20. At 3 days of age, nerve fibres were first observed, both in the connective spaces and in the parenchyma. After 5 days, an important hypertrophy of pinealocytes began, mostly Type I, which continued until 60 days of age. After 45 days, all the ultrastructural features described in the adult pineal gland were already present. The findings are discussed. PMID- 6630033 TI - Ultrastructure of aortic and pulmonary baroreceptors in the domestic fowl. AB - Baroreceptor regions are definitely present in the arterial wall of the aorta and pulmonary arteries of the domestic fowl. In such regions, the arterial wall is modified by the interruption and absence of the elastic laminae and smooth muscle cells. The baroreceptor endings are similar ultrastructurally to the baroreceptors of the mammalian aorta and carotid sinus; therefore they are slowly adapting. Some of the amine- or peptide-containing endings, which are present in the modified regions, share the same Schwann cell with the baroreceptor endings; they probably modulate the stimulus threshold of the baroreceptor endings. Likewise, some of the cholinergic endings share the same Schwann cell with the baroreceptor endings, and may form the efferent branch of a reflex arc and thereby modify the tension of the arterial musculature which is then registered by the baroreceptor endings. There is a possibility that aminergic anc cholinergic endings interact with each other since they sometimes share the same Schwann cell. The encapsulated endings which are reported in this investigation are similar to those of the avian carotid arteries, and they, too, should be slowly adapting to pressure changes in the arterial wall. PMID- 6630034 TI - The evolutionary emergence and refinement of the mammalian pattern of foot architecture. AB - It is shown that in form and function the articular complexes of the monotreme foot are pre-adaptive to the therian condition, but the echidna differs by having a tuber calcaneus which is directed downward and distally. The cynodont foot (TR. 8) and that of the Triassic mammal Eozostrodon seem to possess the essential articular features present in monotremes, but they are assembled rather differently. In both, tuber calcaneus was apparently directed downwards. It follows that monotremes were probably derived from some way along the lineage usually, but inappropriately, termed "Theria'. A calcaneofibular articulation is present in kangaroos, certain shrews, elephant shrews, rabbits and artiodactyls. In all of them it is an apomorphic condition involving annexation of part of the posterior talar facet on the calcaneus by the fibula, which invariably shows some degree of amalgamation with the tibia. It is shown that the trochlear process of the mammalian calcaneus has the dual function of providing origin for the m. flexor accessorius and acting as a supporting shelf for the bundle of peroneal tendons. It is almost certainly a derivative of the lateral flange on the cynodont calcaneus, which presumably had a comparable function. In man, the process is fragmented, one of its derivatives being the lateral process of the calcaneal tuber which shows varying degrees of migration towards the medial process and amalgamation with it. The importance of these morphological features is discussed in relation to their use in cladistic analysis and their relevance to theories of the early evolution of the mammals. PMID- 6630035 TI - Identification of mitotic oligodendrocytes in semithin sections of the developing mouse corpus callosum and hippocampal commissure. AB - Mitotic oligodendrocytes in all phases of mitosis and with processes attached to myelin sheaths were demonstrated in semithin sections of mouse corpus callosum and hippocampal commissure at 17 days postnatum. Mitotic oligodendrocytes make up to one fifth of the mitotic cells present. The majority (54%) of mitotic cells are pale staining glial cell precursors, while the remainder are probably dark glioblasts (23%) and microglial cells (4%). Mitotic oligodendrocytes with both light and medium staining cytoplasm were found in similar stages of mitosis. It is suggested that mitotic oligodendrocytes play only a small part in the large increase in oligodendrocyte number accompanying myelination. PMID- 6630036 TI - Do the Purkinje cells have a special type of oligodendrocyte as satellites? AB - Two types of oligodendrocytes considered to be a constant feature in the cerebellar cortex of the rat are described. One cell type (I) exhibits rounded or elliptical nuclei, whereas the other type (II) presents more irregular nuclear and cellular contours and wider perinuclear cisternae. The latter cell type shows a more electron-dense cytoplasm with more heavily clumped heterochromatin, contrasting strongly with the euchromatin; also long and parallel cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum are more frequent. The percentages of both types of oligodendrocytes in relation to the total population of common glial cell types were calculated in the cortical layers and at several levels in these layers. The distribution of oligodendrocytes in the associated white matter was also carried out for purposes of comparison. The results provide evidence the the Purkinje cells may have a special kind of oligodendrocyte (Type II) as satellites. PMID- 6630037 TI - An investigation into the differentiation of granulated metrial gland cells in the early pregnant mouse uterus. AB - A study has been made of the influence of semen, blastocysts and the nidatory hormones on the differentiation of mouse granulated metrial gland cells in the peri-implantation period. The results indicate that the nidatory hormones, but not semen or blastocysts, are associated with the differentiation of granulated cells in the peri-implantation period. The possibility that the differentiation of granulated cells is under the control of the hormone-sensitive stromal cells rather than under the direct control of ovarian hormones is discussed. PMID- 6630038 TI - Muscle development in large and small pig fetuses. AB - The largest and smallest littermates were chosen by weight from litters of 38 days' gestation to 1 day post partum. Complete frozen sections of the semitendinosus muscle were used to provide a qualitative and quantitative account of the development of the primary and secondary generations of muscle fibres. The results showed that the time of formation of primary and secondary fibres, and the numbers of primary fibres formed, were the same in both large and small littermates. The number of secondary fibres formed, however, was lower in the smaller fetuses and resulted in there being a 17% difference in total fibre number at birth. Primary fibres in small fetuses were smaller, due to the smaller central myofibril-free region. This small size may have restricted the available surface area for secondary fibre formation. Fibre hyperplasia was found to cease between 85 and 95 days' gestation, and so the fibre number difference is likely to be permanent. PMID- 6630039 TI - Capillary permeability of rabbit ovarian follicles prior to ovulation. AB - Ultrastructurally, three possible pathways of capillary permeability were observed during the ovulatory process in rabbit ovarian follicles treated with human chorionic gonadotrophin: namely, pinocytotic vesicles, fenestrations, and interendothelial gaps. The increased permeability of perifollicular capillaries just prior to ovulation was confirmed as being primarily due to the formation of gaps, using carbon particles as a tracer. PMID- 6630040 TI - The surface area and volume of the human fetus. AB - The surface area and volume of 79 human fetuses (body weight 8-4080 g) were estimated by use of a geometric method. It was found that body surface area increased by a factor of about 70, and body volume by a factor of about 400, during the fetal period. Surface area (S, in cm2) was related to body weight (W, in g) and crown-heel length (L, in cm) according to the equation S = 6.4954 X W0.562 X L0.320 while volume (V, in cm3) was related to the same two variables by the equation V = 0.6065 X W0.752 X L0.638. The former equation was used to construct a nomogram for estimating the surface area of human fetuses and neonates. PMID- 6630041 TI - Morphological, total nucleic acid and total protein analyses of rat embryos cultured in supplemented and unsupplemented human serum. AB - Culture of explanted 9 1/2 day rat conceptuses for 48 hours (i.e. until 11 1/2 days) in 100% human serum supplemented only with glucose does not result in growth and development comparable to those conceptuses cultured for the same period in 100% rat serum. Significant differences were observed in the yolk sac diameter, crown-rump length, morphological score and total embryonic nucleic acid content. No difference was observed in the total embryonic protein content. A large proportion of the embryos cultured in glucose-supplemented human serum (100%) exhibited abnormalities of the neural tube. Supplementation of the human serum with glucose and 10% rat serum resulted in embryos showing higher indices of embryonic growth and differentiation (in all criteria of assessment) than those cultured in pure rat serum; no abnormalities were observed. The significance of better growth and differentiation of the conceptuses in human serum supplemented with glucose and 10% rat serum is discussed. PMID- 6630042 TI - Vascularization of the extensor apparatus of the fingers. AB - An anatomical study was made of the dorsal digital apparatus, a complex anatomical structure responsible for the extension of the fingers, and it was found to have an adequate blood supply. The relative abundance of blood vessels supplying the dorsal digital apparatus, their anastomoses and the details of their branching should be of interest to those involved in the surgical repair of this structure. PMID- 6630043 TI - Growth and development of muscle fibres in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). AB - The growth of red and white muscle was investigated in the rainbow trout, using fish from 2.2 cm to 71 cm in length. In the white muscle, fibre hyperplasia, initially, accounted for all muscle growth but its relative contribution decreased as the contribution from fibre hypertrophy increased. At and above about 65 cm there was no hyperplasia, and this corresponded approximately to the stage when there were no more fibres in the smallest size class (less than 20 microns). The results for the red muscle are more variable and hence more difficult to assess. Although red fibre hyperplasia may continue throughout growth, at 34 cm there are no fibres in the smallest size class, which possibly indicates no new fibre formation beyond this stage. PMID- 6630044 TI - Kinetics of osteoclast formation: the significance of blood monocytes as osteoclast precursors during 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol-stimulated bone resorption in the mouse. AB - The significance of blood monocytes as a source of osteoclast precursors was investigated during 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol-stimulated bone resorption in mice. Animals were given three injections of tritiated thymidine at 8 hourly intervals in order to label blood monocytes. The proportion of labelled monocytes was then compared with the proportion of labelled nuclei in osteoclasts, the formation of which was provoked by daily injections of 1 alpha hydroxycholecalciferol, beginning 48 hours after the first injection of isotope. Although more than 60% of blood monocytes were labelled during the period of peak osteoclast formation, labelling of osteoclast nuclei in the metaphyseal endosteum of the femur never exceeded 8%. These results suggest strongly that the majority of osteoclast nuclei were derived from a source of unlabelled precursors, and that very few osteoclasts were derived directly from blood monocytes. Although few labelled osteoclasts were found, the proportion of labelled spindle shaped cells in the metaphyseal endosteum rose gradually to 16%. It is likely, therefore, that labelled mononuclear cells, possibly blood monocytes, were attracted to the endosteum where they formed a population of tissue macrophages. At this site they may participate in bone resorption, either individually or by providing a local pool of osteoclast precursors. PMID- 6630045 TI - The accessory pancreatic ducts of the starling Sturnus vulgaris: an ultrastructural and light microscopic study. AB - Wild starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) were utilised for a study of the small accessory pancreatic ducts that pass from the pancreas to the loop of the duodenum. These ducts do not appear to have been described before in the literature. Each duct was composed of an epithelial lining of a main cell type, which had small numbers of two other cell types intermixed. A lamina propria consisting of a loose collagenous network, richly endowed with a thick nerve plexus, separated the epithelium from the muscle coat. The muscle consisted of inner longitudinal, middle transverse and outermost spiral layers. This was surrounded by a dense collagenous tunica adventitia, and the ducts were accompanied by large blood vessels. The main columnar cells of the epithelium had a strong PAS positivity, and an alcian blue-positive reaction at high molarities of magnesium chloride (greater than 0.5 M). This indicated the presence of mucopolysaccharides with a high degree of sulphation, such as heparan sulphate. Both of the staining reactions were limited to a fine apical surface reaction which probably did not extend into the cells themselves. At the electron microscope level it could be seen that the surface coat corresponded to a filamentous layer overlying short stubby microvilli on the apical surface of the epithelium. Numerous apical electron-dense inclusion granules did not appear to participate in the histochemical reaction. Comparisons of these findings with work on the main ducts of the pancreas in other species have been made and discussed. PMID- 6630046 TI - Maturation of the ileal epithelium in the young rat. AB - Normal maturation in the rat ileal epithelium (ileal 'closure') occurs between 18 and 21 days, probably by a process of cellular replacement. A single dose of cortisone acetate induced a precocious ileal 'closure' within 6 days. The morphological changes observed were similar to those seen during normal 'closure'. Morphometric measurements made of ileal villi during both normal and induced 'closure' suggest that there was a gradual change in the type of cells produced by the crypt. This was perhaps related to the duration of exposure of the cryptal cells to the 'closure' stimulus. Ten days after cortisone acetate treatment vacuolated cells were again seen on the villus in some animals. The variation in their distribution on the villus was perhaps due to differing rates at which the villi had recommenced pinocytosis because of the physiological state of the animal. A single dose of corticosterone failed to promote any morphological changes indicative of ileal 'closure' when observed at the electron microscope level. PMID- 6630047 TI - Postnatal maturation of the vascularisation of the suprasylvian gyrus of the cat. AB - Vascular growth in the median suprasylvian gyrus of the cat has been analysed quantitatively with respect to mitoses, vascular density, vascular diameters, vascular coefficient and preferential vascular orientation. After correction for shrinkage and growth, four maturation periods were identified: (i) Immature period (first postnatal week), when the tissue exhibited numerous vascular mitoses, a low but constant vascular density and vascular coefficient, preferentially radiate vessels and immature (small) vascular diameters. (ii) Premature period (second to fourth week), with few mitoses, a rapidly increasing vascular density, immature (small) vascular diameters, an increase in the number of vessels more than 10 microns in diameter, and a preferential orientation of tangential vessels. (iii) Pre-adult period (fifth to sixth week), without mitoses. The vascular density increased greatly, the vascular diameters reached adult profile, the number of vessels over 10 microns in diameter decreased, the vascular orientations were both tangential and radiate and the vascular coefficient remained slight. (iv) Adult period, when the vascular density and the vascular coefficient were maximal, the vessel diameters were of adult type, and the orientation was tangential. From six weeks, the vessels increased only in length. Vascular maturation proceeded from the depth toward the surface of the cerebral cortex. Layers II-IV were those most highly vascularised, regardless of age. This is discussed in relation to synaptic growth. There was no direct relation between vasculogenesis and myelination. The white matter had a typically radiate vascularisation. A transitional zone between cortex and white matter was identified. It had a loose mesh vascular network and corresponded to the area in which dendrites of inverted pyramidal cells were found. The role of immature vascularisation in the nutrition of the neuropil is discussed. PMID- 6630048 TI - Proceedings of the Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland and the Nederlandse Anatomen Vereniging. April 1983. PMID- 6630049 TI - Data on virilization and erotosexual behavior in male hypogonadotropic hypopituitarism during gonadotropin and androgen treatment. AB - The goal of this investigation was to assess whether or not gonadotropin therapy enhanced the degree of virilization and psychosexual behavior of men with hypogonadotropic hypopituitarism. Pre- and post-gonadotropin assessments of virilization in four men indicated that gonadotropin therapy was associated with dramatic improvements in the degree of virilization that each man previously obtained on androgen only. Retrospective interview data on erotosexual behavior indicated improved erotosexual function on gonadotropin as compared to the prior androgen treatment. These data suggest that complete virilization in these men was partially gonadotropin dependent. Whether or not the behavioral benefits reported by these men represented a direct or synergistic effect of gonadotropin in the expression of erotosexual behavior or an indirect effect of improved virilization can not be answered by these data. PMID- 6630050 TI - Morphology of spermatozoa in infertile men with and without varicocele. AB - This study was carried out to evaluate the morphology of spermatozoa in infertile men with and without varicocele. A series of 285 ejaculates were fully evaluated for seminal volume, sperm count, motility, and morphology, and classified into fertile (165 subjects), infertile without varicocele (93 subjects) and infertile with varicocele (27 subjects). Sperm morphology was classified by multiple entry criteria and recorded as normal, abnormal with head, midpiece, or tail single anomaly or abnormal with simultaneous multiple abnormalities. Semen volume was almost identical in the three groups. Among the infertile men, sperm count was lower in those having a varicocele, but conversely those with varicocele had a higher percentage of motile spermatozoa, higher percentage of spermatozoa with forward movement and higher sperm velocity. There were higher proportions of spermatozoa with abnormal morphology, total number of anomalies, and multiple anomalies in infertile men, both with and without varicocele, than in fertile men. The percentage of abnormal spermatozoa was higher in infertile men with varicocele than in those without varicocele. The pattern of sperm morphology differed between the infertile and the fertile group, and with the presence or absence of varicocele. In the presence of varicocele, only the incidence of elongated (tapered) forms was significantly increased. PMID- 6630051 TI - Human sperm penetration in bovine cervical mucus. Clinical studies I. AB - Penetration of spermatozoa in bovine cervical mucus (BCM) from two groups of men was investigated and correlated with the different parameters of spermograms from these same subjects. Sperm penetration and motility were statistically greater in men of proven fertility than in men from infertile couples in which a female cause of infertility had been ruled out. The percentage of cases with sperm penetration greater than or equal to 15 mm was significantly greater in volunteers of proven fertility than in the group of men from infertile couples (100% and 33%, respectively). A marked correlation was observed between sperm penetration and sperm count (p less than 0.001) and between sperm penetration and motility (p less than 0.0001). In a follow-up of the group of men from infertile couples, it was found that all those who impregnated their wives within 18 months after the study presented sperm penetration greater than or equal to 15 mm. It is suggested that BCM is an appropriate medium to determine sperm penetration in the investigation of infertile couples. PMID- 6630052 TI - Effect of gossypol on testicular testosterone production in vitro. AB - Testicular minces were utilized to study the effect of gossypol on testosterone production. Testosterone production was assessed in both control nd gossypol treated groups after 0 to 4 hours incubation in the presence of hCG. Media testosterone was measured by radioimmunoassay. Gossypol did not alter testosterone production when present in incubates at the concentrations of 3.5 x 10(-5) M, 7 x 10(-5) M and 3.5 x 10(-4) M. Preincubation of testis mince with gossypol (7 x 10(-6) M, 7 x 10(-5) M, 3.5 x 10(-4) M) for 1 to 4 hours did not alter subsequent hCG induced testosterone production in mature rats. Testosterone production however, was inhibited in immature rat testis when the whole testis was incubated for 4 hours with different concentrations of gossypol (7 x 10(-6) M, 7 x 10(-5) M, 3.5 x 10(-4) M). In vivo testosterone production was not inhibited in the immature rat testis 24 hours after oral administration of gossypol (100 mg/kg). PMID- 6630053 TI - Cephalosporins. VI. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of new 7 beta [(Z)-2-alkoxyimino-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]cephalosporins with a tetraxolopyridazine at the 3-position. AB - The synthesis and in vitro activity of 7 beta-[(Z)-2-alkoxyimino- 2-(2 aminothiazol-4-yl) acetamido]cephalosporins with a tetrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazine at the 3-position are described. These cephalosporins showed excellent activity against Gram-negative bacteria, including beta-lactamase producing strains. The most interesting compound of the series was 7 beta-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2 methoxyimino acetamido] -3-(8-carboxytetrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazin-6-yl)- thiomethyl 3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (9, FCE 20485) because of its extraordinarily long half-life and marked in vivo activity. PMID- 6630054 TI - Cephalosporin antibiotics. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 7 beta-[2-(5 amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-oxyiminoacetamido]cephalosporin derivatives. AB - Cephalosporins with a 7 beta-[2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl) -2 oxyiminoacetamido] side chain were synthesized and their in vitro inhibitory potency was established. The compounds exhibit a strong antibacterial activity against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The antimicrobial activity is related to the oxime-substituent R1 and the C-3 substituent R2. Selected amino-1,2,4-thiadiazolyl-cephems 1 show a prolonged half-life in mice. PMID- 6630055 TI - Synthesis and in vitro activity of a new carbapenem, RS-533. AB - The synthesis and in vitro antimicrobial activity of a new synthetic carbapenem, (5R,6S)-6-[(R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-[(S)-1-acetimidoylpyrrolidin -3-ylthio]-1 carbapen-2-em-3-carboxylic acid (RS-533), are described. The MIC values of related penems and carbapenems are also given for comparison with those of the new carbapenem. PMID- 6630056 TI - Cosynthesis and protoplast fusion by mutants of bialaphos (AMPBA) producing Streptomyces hygroscopicus. AB - Cosynthesis in mixed culture and protoplast fusion of non-producing mutants of Streptomyces hygroscopicus which may produce biosynthetic intermediates of bialaphos (AMPBA) were studied. Non-producing mutants were obtained by mutagenesis with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) treatment, and six stable non-producing mutants were used for cosynthesis and protoplast fusion studies. The biosynthetic block sites of the non-producers were consistent with studies of the biosynthetic pathway of AMPBA. PMID- 6630058 TI - The revised structure of bottromycin A2. PMID- 6630057 TI - Immunoactive peptides, FK-156 and FK-565. III. Enhancement of host defense mechanisms against infection. AB - We investigated the effect of immunoactive peptides, FK-156 and FK-565 on host defense mechanisms against microbial invasion. It was shown that these drugs given to normal mice increased the counts of phagocytes in both peripheral blood and peritoneal cavity, and enhanced the chemotactic, phagocytic and killing activities of peritoneal macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and stimulated the phagocytic function of the reticuloendothelial system. Enhanced host resistance to microbial infection by these immunoactive peptides might be induced by both increase in counts and enhancement of functions of phagocytes. FK 156 restored decreased counts and functions of phagocytes in mice immunosuppressed by cyclophosphamide, hydrocortisone or tumor. These findings suggest that these immunoactive peptides could be applied to prevent intractable infection in immunocompromised hosts. PMID- 6630059 TI - Antitumor activity of kijanimicin. PMID- 6630060 TI - New antitumor antibiotics, ditrisarubicins A, B and C. PMID- 6630061 TI - Structure of leucinostatin B, an uncoupler on mitochondria. PMID- 6630062 TI - A predominant role of amino groups in the antibacterial action of aminoglycosides: synthesis of hexa- and heptadeoxykanamycin derivatives. PMID- 6630063 TI - New beta-lactam antibiotics, carpetimycins C and D. AB - Two new carbapenem antibiotics, carpetimycins C and D have been isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. KC-6643, which produced carpetimycins A and B. The structures of carpetimycins C and D have been determined to be (5R,6R)-3-[2 acetamidoethyl-(R)-sulfinyl]-6-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl) -7-oxo-1 azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid and (5R,6R)-3-[2-acetamidoethyl-(R) sulfinyl]-6-(1-hydroxysulfonyloxy-1 -methylethyl)-7-oxo-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2 ene-2-carboxylic acid, respectively. Studies on the fermentation, isolation and physico-chemical properties of these antibiotics are also described. PMID- 6630064 TI - U-56,407, a new antibiotic related to asukamycin: isolation and characterization. AB - U-56,407, a bright yellow, crystalline antibiotic was isolated from fermentations of Streptomyces hagronensis (strain 360). This antibiotic was extracted from fermentation broths with halogenated hydrocarbons and purified by silica gel chromatography and crystallization. U-56,407 is active in vitro against Gram positive bacteria but not Gram-negative organisms. It failed to demonstrate in vivo activity in experimentally infected mice. Physical-chemical characterization of U-56,407 supports a molecular formula of C29H32N2O7 and a structure related to the antibiotic asukamycin. PMID- 6630065 TI - Mycoplanecins, novel antimycobacterial antibiotics from Actinoplanes awajinensis subsp. mycoplanecinus subsp. nov. I. Taxonomy of producing organism and fermentation. AB - Strain No. 41042, an actinomycete isolated from a soil sample, was found to produce 5-azacytidine and new antibiotics, mycoplanecins. Yellowish brown to yellowish orange color of colonies on agar media, formation of globose to subglobose sporangia bearing motile spores and presence of meso- and hydroxy diaminopimelic acid and glycine in the cell wall ascribed this strain to genus Actinoplanes. From its morphological, cultural and physiological characteristics, this strain was determined to be a new subspecies of Actinoplanes awajinensis and designated as A. awajinensis subsp. mycoplanecinus subsp. nov. Production of mycoplanecins was carried out by conventional submerged culture: the highest antibiotic titer obtained was 145 micrograms/ml. PMID- 6630066 TI - Mycoplanecins, novel antimycobacterial antibiotics from Actinoplanes awajinensis subsp. mycoplanecinus subsp. nov. II. Isolation, physico-chemical characterization and biological activities of mycoplanecin A. AB - New antibiotics, mycoplanecins, were found in the culture broth of an actinomycete identified as Actinoplanes awajinensis subsp. mycoplanecinus subsp. nov. Mycoplanecin complex was extracted with organic solvents both from the culture filtrate and mycelium and purified by column chromatography on silica gel and Florisil. Mycoplanecin A, a major component, was separated by high performance liquid chromatography on Prep PAK-500/C18 column. The physico chemical characterization revealed that mycoplanecin A was a new cyclic peptide antibiotic. Mycoplanecins exhibited strong activities primarily against mycobacteria and related microorganisms. PMID- 6630067 TI - Mycoplanecins, novel antimycobacterial antibiotics from Actinoplanes awajinensis subsp. mycoplanecinus subsp. nov. III. Structural determination of mycoplanecin A. AB - The structure of mycoplanecin A was determined by the analysis of chemical degradation products and by mass and 1H and 13C NMR spectrometries. Mycoplanecin A is a new cyclic peptide antibiotic composed of mol each of alpha-ketobutyric acid, glycine, L-leucine, L-proline, L-2-amino-5-methylhexanoic acid, N-methyl-D leucine, N-methyl-L-threonine, methyl-L-proline and ethyl-L-proline and two mol of N-methyl-L-valine. Among these components, ethyl-L-proline is reported for the first time as a component of natural products. A newly developed mass analysis has been introduced for the differentiation of alpha-amino acid and its N-methyl derivative. PMID- 6630068 TI - Constitution and absolute stereochemistry of the antibiotic sarubicin A. AB - By spectral (UV-VIS, IR, NMR, MS and CD) methods the quinone antibiotics sarubicin A and U-58,431 were shown to have identical constitution and stereochemistry. Chiroptical data and their theoretical analysis have settled the common absolute configuration as 5S, 6R, 8R, 10R. PMID- 6630069 TI - Milbemycins, a new family of macrolide antibiotics. Structure determination of milbemycins D, E, F, G, H, J and K. AB - The milbemycins, a group of potent, broad-spectrum antiparasitic and pesticidal agents, are architecturally novel antibiotics of 16-membered macrocyclic lactone. Seven new milbemycin analogues designed as milbemycins D, E, F, G, H, J and K were isolated from the fermentation broth of the mutant strain of Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. aureolacrimosus. The structural determination of these new components was made mainly by comparing with mass spectra, and 1H and 13C NMR spectra of milbemycin alpha- and beta-series previously published from our laboratory. Milbemycins D, E, F, G and H have characteristically an isopropyl side chain at C-25 which differs from the known milbemycin family bearing methyl or ethyl group at C-25. Milbemycins J and K possess a ketone group at C-5 instead of a hydroxyl or methoxy group. Apart from X-ray crystallography, the R configuration of the hydroxyl group at C-5 could be best explained both by application of CD allylic benzoate method to the n-N, N-dimethylaminobenzoate of milbemycin D and by comparison of the specific rotation of milbemycin D itself and its acetate with the epimeric isomers at C-5.